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׷ս
ߣҹ

ݼ
ɴ½ң޾ͷϣǧ֣𣬽һ㣬λ磬ޱߣܾ硣
һϵţֳֵս죬̷ִ壬졭


001 ϵǷ
Ʒ壡
ԿĴУվٵӰһȺɬŮʱǶЩĿǰȴԼˡ
ŮǴصĺ֯һõñͳŵĴѹ֡
ٵĿ⽻ǰһλߣߺ׷ͯգ⣬Ƥؼ䣬磬һɵϡ
ŴϣĪ࣡
Īƹǧŵӣλ֮Ժգ˳ңԷʵҲɲ⡣
һͬ
Ƥ΢΢̧ϵһ֡
ǡ
ϵȺпܳһ꣬ϸǰĶԴһһȻƣķһԵĲʯ֮ϡ
˲䣬ʯ˵Ļɫâ
ͬԣͼ
ϵĿһԱߵĲʯ
ллϡ
ôϵ϶ʱһ˿ϲɫȻ󹧾ĶԴһ񣬻صȺС
һŷ硣
ƽٴڴ
ףǹŷ簡Ǹżҵϵţ
ٺ٣˭ϵţҲϵģַԣע˾Ƿ
Ǻǣ浽ǿϧˡ
ΧмĳȺУһɫĮ꣬һſȺߵ˲ʯԣϡ
꣬Լʮ꣬һСϣһ˿ĳݣʲôԵĿһ㡣
ǹŷ磬Ĵ֮һżҵү
һЩԺյңŷȴûиܵκεԽУĽݣԾ˿ͷܾ˳
ֻΪԣһΪǷԵԡ
ھڣɴ½Զǹϵķԣעܻʲôɾ͡
ЩһӵߣҲȻӡ
ֻٵĹŷ粢Ըʹ˷ڷѾŬ֮£ڣĿģҪڵĸ߼ʯԼǷǱ˷񶨵ԡ
ŹŷڲʯϣʯҲЩҫ۵ĹâԶȸղͬ꣬ʱĹâ
ֻâɫȴɫ
ף
һԵĴϣ̲סķһףĿ΢ת俴ǹâɫʱһ˿ʧŷ磬ԣ߼
Ȼԣ
ǰϧǸ߼֡
עǷٲٴҲûá
˭˵أ
ϵĻ䣬Ⱥб㲻һɧһ䳰ĻͬһѰһ㣬ŷࡣ
ޱתŷڵӣЩɨǹһĨԳ
ǰԼעǷٲԶٴΣҲǸı䲻ˣǣĺܲİЩ˿ɶ˺ã
ԳҡҡͷŷٶȻصȺվ䣬ɪӰ˹¼š
һʫ꣡
һɲڴлص
ǣ
ϵĻ䣬һŮǿ첽ܳȺ΢ƣ˲ʯԱߣС֣ķڲʯϡ
Ůһ̳ȹµСΪţЩ̺죬һ˫ˮĴ۾ģ˸鶯Ĺâ
ŮվͬеСһ㣬Ůеഺ
ʯƬ̣ٶ˴۵Ĺâǹâͬһĺˮһ㣬̲
ף
ٶһתͷ俴ʯϵĹâǣ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬
ʫ꣬ˮԣ߼
˻
ôϵȺжʱһƬŲʯϵĹâۣǻ㰲գٶȱơ
ˮԸ߼˲𰡣
ǰ츳ڣǶˣ
˱˵Ȼö
Ⱥ۵ŮµСϣʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ĵ۾˵Ŀɰ
ллϣ
Ůͨ죬ΪǼⶼһ㾧Өĺ飬ŴϹһ촽΢öĵл
ʫСѾͷúȡսš
΢΢˵ͷѵõ¶һ˿ЦݣЦ
ǡ
Ů˵ͷȻתһ۵ĿУȺ档
ŷ硣
Ůڹŷǰͣ£ЦĽһûһΪŷԣ˿ɬ
ǣСѾͷ֪ԼԺ͵ȼǵĸٲһΣ֪ˣΪ԰أ
վԼǰٻӰŷҲ˲٣ŮСԴûĿЦ
ʫǺ͹ŷһڣ˵ԼҪٲһԼԣŷףŮһЩѡ
ֻǣֻԼһεʧ˰ɣǸС󣬹ŷиͣˣҲûʸĸˣ
ߣ˰ô˵ô˵ʫŲء
Ů̵ͦзһߣŹŷ䣬һЦĵֻҪŷ֪ˣʫֻںŷĿ
ŮĵЦ⣬ŷȴǳ˿ɬǿЦСѾͷƬӹ龫֣ˣҲˣ߰ɡ
䣬ŷתŴȥڱ˵Ľġ
ߣŷ磬ʫѾСˣҵС
ŹŷıӰʫ޺޵Ķ˶СţȻһԼʵĿУ첽Źŷ׷ȥ


002 ǿĸ֪
ҹڵĿͷУŷЩڴǰڵӣ͸⣬ԶȥݵӰ¹ҫ£͸޾Ĺ¶š

ãŷĬĬջĿ⣬һĪ̾
ʱŷҲͬһδõ㽣Լһ죬ҲЩһݵأɽ
ֻеһУԣʧ֮ۡ
ɴ½ϣǽľˮԣߣ츳ԲҲһЩãҪͨǿࡣ
⵹Ϊķ࣬Ϊɴ½ƬռУľˮԵռİٷ֮ʮ
ҲˣԵߣռƣԣҲɴ½ǳΪ츳ԡ
֮£΢һαԣԣԣЩȻԣǱԣҲǿϲϡ
α֮£Ƿˣв٣ʲôԣԣӰ֮ģڷԡ
ڷУͷۣԭԵĹģУԹƵĽԣҲ޷Ա⣬ֻʵ̫ˣͲߵ̫Զ
ҲΪʲôŷ֮󣬾䳰ȷԵˡ

Ҳʱˡ
˼糱ˮȥŷĬĬȻӴϵİУͳһЩ鱾ڷǰ¶ĸӵĴ֣澭
澭ǹŷĸ׹ޣΪŷ׼ġ
ŷڹżҲ֮󣬹޾ĴΪŷ˲ٴۣΪŷŪģɼޣҲһְĸס
ֻŷһֱԸţ˵ĸԼԣԴûзĹ澭ֻǣĲԣõùŷʵʵףԼԣȷԡ

ϵ澭ŷ糤˿Сһ˿ᶨɫаԼǷԣҲԷȻûΪܹɾͣԼǿ
ţŷҲǻķ澭ĿĽܡ
澭Ʒֳڡڡȼ۷壬壬ӿٶȡ
澭ĽܣʹԹŷһ侲ԸҲ̲סЩأ澭Ȼ壬ǿֲ
˵Ҳ˵ˣʱ򣬴Īķգкܴܻᱻŷȴ⣬ֻҪܹӿٶȣðһЩգҲֵõġ
룬ŷĿƶ澭Ľܡ

ð󣬹ŷ緽Ŵ澭лعڵͫо˸澭ܸԼһЩϲҲ˵
һ˿ĪЦ⣬ŷϥһֵӡᣬʼ澭Ҫ󣬻Ľ״̬֮С
һ;ΪȣʼΪ
־أ֮ΣΪ龳
鵤鵤֮ϳԪԪԪ٣ٹͨ
֣ͨѾǳѷ̥죬ֻֿ죬ſѵء
ʼ֮ǸӦһ̣УԵĸߵͣ𵽹ؼá
ȷ˵һԸ߼ߣڷԲһ֮ڣܸӦһٸ㣬һԵͼߣƾֻܸӦʮĲ࣬Խٶܶࡣ
ҲΪʲôɴ½츳˿صԵʡ
ŽУŷĸоԼΧʼֳһЩɫĹ㣬Щɫ㣬ͬҹеľһ㣬ԾĻȡ
һ
Щɫ㲻ڹŷΧ֣ŷܹľ룬Ҳ𽥱һססס
һֱ׵ʱ򣬹ŷ緽žĵԼҰޣҲԶˡ
ʱЩɫĹ㣬Ѿǲ٣߰ߵģɷǺÿ
ЩӦþԵ˰ɣ
ŷһͷתЩɫ忿ڡ
һ
һɫ㲻ϽڣŷܹԵĸоһֳĸоָо
ʳ֪ζŷ粻룬æһһת澭ſռеЩɫ㡣
ʮˡʮšһ١
ŷһٸɫʱȻоԴһǣȻ˳״̬

ڵҹ£ŷ绺˫ۣͫ׵ɫ˸
ƺһһٸɫ㣬ڵļˣĻͳܲˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷЩδֹ
漴ŷüͷݸ˵ʼʱܹӦΧһ֮ڵѾܲˣҸոգԸӦΧ֮ڵѵǸ˵ˣ
񶨵ҡҡͷŷӦòܣôһϽˣǲ᷸Сģѵ
ƺ뵽ʲôŷЩŵ˵ѵҵĸ֪̫ǿԵʣ
ƺҲֻˡ
ð󣬹ŷ緽ž첻жϵ
ŷ˵ôһЩˣ͸֪ǿ󣬶ˣܹʱռݾԵƣòԼΪϡ
ЦҡҡͷŷȤζţǲүöԼǷڸԼһָ֮Լһǿĸ֪ԴֲԼ
Σ֪ԶԶȱǿŷ˵һĺϢ
ƣ԰Щ֮Ĳ࣬޵
һ̣ŷкȻһɺԼһ漣һûй漣


003 
һҹ޻ڶһŷ˴򵥵ϴһȻʫһ˹Ʒ
Ʒ壬ŵһ壬Ŵƹܣ˵Ʒŵޱش塣
ŷһڴԵˣ콫ʽڣΪڵŵӡ
ޱݵʱҲζţӲпľɴ˿ʼ
ﾺ棬ǺŲĵΪ˼ļ˵ӵһЩƶҲԽĲпᡭ
ŷʫʱǿĴУѾŲӰվһ𣬵̸ʲô
ŷһһٶˡ
ĿԵʱȣҪ࣬ŷ֪Щˣ¶ǲԲϸģѾԵˡ
ڹŷʫ˵֮½½ģʮˣһɫ۵ĴϣҲǻ˴ǰ
ŴϵĵոջЩĴʱ
ɨĵ˵ͷСһǣ컹ģǲϸģӽǾڵһԱˡ
Ү
ȺУŴϵĻ£ʱŮǼľһ۵Сϣȫǵͨ죬ͫ˸żĹʡ
ŷ磬ҲܵյĸȾС΢˻
ϿЩŮѵõ¶һĨЦݣ˶٣ٴοڵҲҪ˵̫磬ȻڵӵܣԶڵӵܣڣֱǰϽʱᱻ̭֡
ϵĻƽؾףոջЩεСһǣ׷׾˹һĬСڲزסĵǡ
ŷߵʫ꣬Źŷֱ۵С֣΢΢˽ȻŮУҲôһ˿š
Ůǵı飬ĵ˵ͷҪģϾһҪʢ˥ľЩѪҺЩһ̫ǾͲʲôˡ
ˣΪŴϵбҪúõôôЩһ
ǺǣȻҲҪ̫ѹǵ츳ֻҪúǲġ
ЦŰοһҲ֪ʿɶֱֹӴһӵˣڿʼŵطǽܳһʱļҡ
ҪطˣվڴеŮǼæ񣬵ȴŴϽĻվȺĹŷʫ꣬Ҳĵ˶䣬Щ档
ţ˹Ʒ֮⣬ɽ壬ֱΪԵĳ壬ԵĽ᰷壬ľԵĳ壬ԵĳƷ壬ˮԵıη壬ԼԵǧҶ塣
˵΢˶٣ŵԵʱǶѾ֪ԼԣԴнʹǰǰԼԣʹǰӦɽ塣
סҪ֪ˣһڡ
󣬴ϵһ˿ζʱһЩӵļһеС̡
ˣǾŰɣȻǵģºټ
һĪĻϾʧˣֻʣڳЩŮһԵŶԷ
ŷ磬ԺǾͲһˣʫġ
ڴߺʫͱŹŷһ֧첲嶼˹ŷϣСǲĵ
ȿȡ
ֱ۴ŷʱһ죬ڨڨ˵Ǻǣûϵһᾭȥġ
̫ˣ֪ŷˡ
ʫգĴ۾ЦµСϣСѣɰͬһ㣬˿ûвڱĳļһռűˡ
ŷ˵ͷѵڱηҪúҪ㱻̭ȥˣʱɱҿޱŶ
ߺߣʫŲޱأʫһúġʫ̵ͦСУĺߺЩƤĵҪˣʫǸ߼ˮŶǹŷ㣬ɲҪʫŶ̫ˡ
ǺǣҲŬġŷһЦ
ǷգŷŵʲôϾԣϸͺƿԣĺЩԵһϸߵˣ屶ڳ˵ĸ֪ɲǳصġ
ܿģɽ帺ʹ߾ˣʫ˱η壬ŷǺһеķԣǧҶ塭
䣬ǧҶһУŷ羲ǰ﷭һСӣüͷʱʱɣ֮ɫ
ⱾСӣڵһЩغǱҪյĶ
СϵĽܣŷڣҲǽһЩ˽⡣
ڣ˾Ʒţڸƣź֡
ڵĺģŵ٣ĵʮλڵ֮
ţɽ壬˹Ʒ֮⣬ɽ壬Ǵϰ˵Щ
ŵӹǧ¼ˣȻʵԵͣȴڱزٵѪҺŵҪΪŵӣֻÿŴϣȡǰһٵβУɴҲԿڶŵӵҪ󣬻ǱȽϸġ
ŷڵǧҶ壬ʮŵӣɽУٵģҲʵģϾﶼһЩԵӵߣЩԵȣĲһǰ㡣
ǧҶϣȨǧҶʦ㣬ǧҶеŵӣҪʦƹܣ˵ǧҶʦȨһЩųϣҪࡣ
ŷЩüڣȷЩܹ֮ΪԲǧһڣżȻ
֪ܹΪŸɽĴʦֻʦ㣬ǾǾɾ֮ضŵĶ֮
Щ˿ʼţǻ۾飬ܽһţһõ
һ˿ȤɫŷСӡ
ţÿ£һӣͬʱҲһӣ̭֡
˭ᱻ̭֣ǾͿıˡ
Ϊÿ£ЩյĵӣԼбȽϵ׵ϵӣһеǰһģᱻ̭֣ĵӲ䡣
һпĹ򣬲ò˵ΪĴڣõŵǺֹΪ˭뱻̭֡
ŷȻ뵽˴ʱһ仰ĺˡ

ŷ糤˿ڱѹͬʱҲЩڴڴº󣬺Щνŵһϸߵ͡
Ǻǣץÿһˣڣһпţϲ
ŷЦһȻСӺϣߵϣĿ֮С


004 ֵ
Źŷ״̬һɫ㣬ʱͬҹеөһ㣬ĳ
һŷ͵ת澭ʼЩɫ㡣
һ
գۼ䣬ŷѾɫ㣬ǰٶȣ֮տһֹ
⡭ÿٶȡ
ŷ簵Ϊ֮ľھȹ󣬾ŨŨļˣԹٶȱ죬ǲǾζţԶһЩأ
뵽ܣŷĺЩǿѹͷ궯һһת澭
Ȼŷ粻֪ΪʲôյٶȻȻ죬֪ζţٶȣӿݡ
ȷ˵һʼͬʱУһֻһٸԹ㣬һˣȴܹٸԹ㣬ǺߵٶȣȻȻҪȵһ˿ࡣ
ʱĹŷ磬ͬһ㣬Թʱޱȿݵٶȡ
ʱţգۼ䣬̰£Ѿҵ߿գйŵɫԡ
ŷڴ֮ϣȫת澭ٵЩɫ㡣
ʮʮһ١
ŷյɫﵽһٵʱȻһУһͰĸо
ǲаƺĿǰ״ֻ̬һٸ㰡
Цһŷ˫ۣͫһ˿ΣΪٶȼӿ죬ܹõһЩ㣬û뵽ȴǺһ޶
üͷ΢΢壬ŷΪʵĵô£ûеޣȴܼЩԵˣѵҵ츳ʵã
뵽ܣŷ΢΢ҡҡͷ񶨵ܣҵȻԣǼȴǸ߼˵ҵ츳Ǻܲġ
ޡ
ŷ߶ţȻ۾һˣ˵ƿôͻֵ˼޵ĸо
ѵ
ƿˣ
ŷЩ˼飬Ҫ֪Ͻ죬Ҳܹʱ䣬ʱܹƿ
˵ȥ»ᱻЦɣ
ֵ˼޵ĸоȴʵʵĳŷϡ
ѵԼţʱ䣬ѾӦһصƿ
ŷЩɻ󣬿ǲ֪Ϊʲô뷨ԴӳԺ֮к󣬾һֱ֮ȥͬѿһ㣬֣ͬħƵġ
ģǲƿˣֻҪһԣȻ֪
˼˰֮󣬹ŷݺݵһҧ˾ٶȱ˫ۣ״̬֮С
Ž״̬ЩɫʱʼڹŷΧ֣һΣȴûֱЩڣĸӦڵı仯
ŷ翴Լʱʱ۾ǲ˼顣
ֻŷУһ㣬Ϊһһǳͼ
ǸͼƺѾ͹ŷһһһɢŵɫâ
һּĸоڹŷУɢ
ŷϸϸĴǸͼв²ٶȼӿ죬Ķùɣ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ŷȴãǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ֻǣԼΪʲôһֵأ
ŷгɻû˵Ҳѽ
˼ڤ˰죬ŷҲûȻڣǸֵǣƺʲô˺õٶȣӿ˲١
Լ澭йϵɣŷ²
ȻԼٶȱԭ򣬹ŷзٶת澭ʼΧЩɫ㡣
ˡ
澭תŷʱ֣ڴһȻǸͲţʱ̹עĲˡ
ҹŷеķ֣ڴһ֮Щɫ㣬ʱͬܵǣһ㣬ȥ
ʮʮ
䣬ŷѾʮ㣬ٶȣ֮ղŻҪࡣ
ס
ŷ̲סķһףֵѾȫƿأ廹õССļһѡ
ΪǸǵĴڣԼһֻһٸ㣬Ļͳܲˡ
չһٸ㣬ֻҪԼ˳״̬ȻͿٶˣҲ൱ڣԼˣֱͻһء
Ȼˣǰ㹻ԹԼھ龳֮ǰȫǹŷõĵģ㹻ŷͻƵ龳
ңŷҲܹ²⵽Լĸ֪֮ԱȱǿҲǸֵǸù
ǣ˹ŷǿĵˣһΨһĵơ
һŽ⿪ŷʱһƬʣкƸɣԼֵǣЩʲôνţŷǰûκεƿԣֱˡ
ŷи˵ͬʱҲûб˷ܳͷԣ֪еһУǸǸģԣΣҲýܣĸĸҲ֡
⵹ǹŷ粻ĸĸǴ¹̫һСģֻżңɱ֮


005 һ
ʱ䣬ڹŷпţһҹ֮жȹ
ͷޣҲõùŷջΪƣһҹʱ䣬ٸ㣬˳ɾͣЩԵĸ߼ţֻҲĪɣ
ɫ΢֮ʣŷ緽Ż˳״̬Ƥ΢΢һһҹ˫۱Ȼڵͫ绮һ㣬ת˲š

ͻһڼЩɫһҹŷ粢ûиеκεƣͣһֳĸоָоÿ˺һͷͻ
򵥵Ļһ½ǣĸоŷǶʱһѣЦû뵽ֵǾȻôĹЧһҹʱֵƽʱʱĳɹˡ
չȥҪ˶ãҾͿͻƵһصľ˰ɣ
һĨÿĻȣŷӴ֮Ϸ𣬿ʼϴ
ŷΪŵˣºһ˵Ļڶŷ˵ĹǱȽϿɵģûκ񣬿˵£ǵʱȫԼš
Ȼˣ֮ǵĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ҪˣһЩⰲ֮⣬ŵճҲв١
ʲôɨֵҹ֮ģҪŵġ
ŵӱȽЩӻҲͲŵȥԼеŵӣ˾ĿľΪսš
ңΪŵӵĺôɲˣһЩõԴҩ似ʲôģҲֻгΪŵӣʸú
˵ڵĺĵӣǾ͸˵ˣŵԴֻд붼䵽Щĵϡ
ԣΪĵڳԱ룬ȻˣҲֻ룬ϾܹΪŵĺĵӣҪĿɲ츳ûһЩ츳ٺãֻҲϣã

䣬ֻظ棬ʮյʱ伸תۼ
ŷ磬ÿ˯ӵɽһ㣬˴ŲŲ
ȻˣڱûûҹĿޣڹŷ˵ȴִ˲ƣпõ˸ɾ
ⳤʮŷҲƿһصıϣֻҪϣҲܹһˡ
һصı֮£ŷȴûóȻȥͻƣͣǰĿޣ񾭣
ÿտͲݣҲڡ
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֮ϣŷϥ˫ϣһЩӡᣬƤ΢΢պϣĽ״̬֮С
Źŷ״̬һɫͬө㣬ҲĳٿƯɢŵĹâ

³һŷһ澭͵ת֮ģЩ㣬Ҳȫ忿󴩹壬֮С
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һ㣬ӿŷ󣬱ŷһ۶ȥ
ԵԽԽ࣬С󣬹ŷѾۼһǧ㣬Щۼһγһͷ˿ϸɫͬһɫСһ㣬衣
ͬʱһɵѹҲԹŷڻɢ
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Ȼ䣬ŷɫһ࣬зһͺɫָ£Ǵȥ
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ŷǺݺݵĳ鴤˼£ɫЩѿĿЦ漴ٶת澭
һγʧܣȻõùŷ˲ٿͷȻܳΪɣڶݵĳĬֿʼһֵ
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ҡҡЩεԴŷ罫ٶȳڣ俴Ѿͨľʱʱһ˿ϲɫ
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ŷЩŵգգ۾Ƭ֮󣬲԰׵СϣʱӿһĨ̺죬ΪѾȷԼȷͻˣĴﵽһصľ硣
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ȭͷ΢΢գָǿŷо̲סһ󼤶ָоһ˲õģ͵˼㡣
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̾˿ŷʱЩʵʵ뷨׳Ժ𣬻һЩӲĽ֮󣬾͵ͷ˯
ͻƣȻճɹˣṇ̀Ҳùŷĸܵʲôľƣˣʱ䲻󣬷о˹ŷȵĺ
Сŵɵ΢Ц¹ҫ£ƽһݶصò˵һζɡ


գŷԺ˫۵ʱɫѾ۵⣬ùŷ۾˺ð죬ܹǿ
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ЩεԴɫŷʱεĿЦһ𣬼򵥵ϴ
ݲݵĳһ㶫ǿ֮󣬹ŷų˷䣬ǧҶķ嶥ȥ
ĿģǧҶ似
ǧҶΪɽ֮һȻԼ似Щ似ȻȲϹƷĺãҲʤޣŷˣҲ㹻
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˿ŷеȭͷ΢˽Ų似ȥ
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ڶŵ似Ʒ֮ϵģõ似ǼƷŷͲö֪ˡ
ԣڶ似Ʒ׸ߣ󣬲ѶȣҲӦıһ似ϲ٣ڶ似һ㶼ЩǧҶƵӲŻѡ
ŷ˴εĿģ似ĵڶ㡣
ŷȻֻһˣȴȱʱ䣬Զ˵ٶȣõдѵʱȥͶ似Щһѧͻ似ڹŷ˵ûʲôս
Źŷ̤似һŨŨϢʱõ̲סӡ
΢΢һתŷĿǴЩڷ似ӰɨĿ似֮ϡ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷȤȱȱջĿ⣬һ似Ȼ̫ܿϡ
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似͹һΪɻľ̰ðǹŷ绹ûŪױ׽ô£óȻȥĻܻܿʵ䷴
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007 

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𣬽׽źãŷŸոյֵľֳԼСԺ֮С
΢΢ţŷڳ˱׽ʽ
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ӦŵСԺ֮У΢ĿԼŷ̾Ϣ𣬶һδεĴһδεĵŷڱ׽գҲһֻٶȣϵĽš
ڹŷһһϰ׽ʱ򣬱ηϵʫ꣬ȴǿһСԹ֮ɫͬһеСԹһ㡣
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Դη֮ʫΪԼ츳ټǽСܻӭǺһͬηЩˣηˣҲкܶ˶Ľмӡ
ЩļһʫɫֻǹŹŷ磬ϾҲ֪ŷԣϣͺƿԣ¹ŷǧҶϳԿ
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ת۰µʱȥˣ֮ǰ˵ûĹŷ磬ȴһֱûг֣ⲻɵʫǵСУЩԹ
ˣڽһ֮ʫܵ似У似һЩĵʱ䡭
ףʫСʦҲﰡôˣĸ۵ļһ۸ˣңúõĽѵѵ
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ʵҲȷˣǧӲĴ֮һҵү츳ҲͣͣѾصĸ֣η壬˴ʦ֮⣬ʵߡ
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ȻǲʲôǶԷһǨŭŷô죿
ò˵ʫȻڹŷǰһģȴҪȺܶ˶
ʫлǧӵЦݶʱ΢΢һҲЩǸ֮ˣ˺ܿģϱٶȹ˲õЦݣǺǣȻˣҲͲ˵ˣʫСʦʲôõҵĵطܿڣʦȻʵߣǾǱηĴʦ֣ҲһЩӵġ
ǧٶ׳һذըõʫü΢΢壬Ȼû˵ʲô֪ôģʫУȴԽĲˡ
ʫı飬ǧӻΪԷЩ⶯ˣµüЦʫСʦþͺúɣҾͲˡ
ΪòĸһǧӾ뿪ˣڱʫ˲䣬ԭЦĿգȻһ˿Ц
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ϣʶһЩȻĻɾͱҲˡ
Щ뷨ǧӵӰҲǻʧʫǰùŷ֪Լ˱ηǧӣ֪ʲô飬Ӧúܾʰɣ


008 ױ̽
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˿ŷֻȫƵģĵڵϣֳҲѳɣ˲Զ
ױȻǿ󣡡
ϢƬ̣ŷһתǿ֮ϣ俴ڴСĿӶʱ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬̲סľ̾
󣬹ŷϱһ˿Цױ󣬿ĿǰʵҲֻǿʩչһΣʩչڵͻһգ˶սʱǣҲһнԷôùģ͸ˡ
Сһ˿źŷְԼ̰Ĳ㣬һʱ䣬Ѿظִ¿ı׽ʽɹȻ˵ǰ޹ˣǧҶϣҲ԰ˣԼʲôأ
ʩչױҪĴԼʵһͻƣȻҲͲõᱻĹˡ
ڵϢƬ̣ŷоָֻһЩץžֳص˷С
뷿֮󣬹ŷҲԣֱӾߵϣĿ״̬֮С

һҹһҹ޻ڶһ磬ŷ˳״̬ϵƣɫѾȡ֮⣬ӡ
ȻһҹʱŷѾǰһյײ˻
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ˣʱŷٶʩչ׽Ѿǰɬȡ֮ˮ˳
һʽڶʽʽ
һʽڶʽʽ

ŷ粻ϵظ˱׽ǰʽʩչҲԽԽ˳֣ԽԽѣ⶯
һϣŷ綼ڱ׽ǰʽУֱ̫δͣ
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ֳպãŷһЦȻĽԼҲΪġ
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΢΢ҡҡͷŷȻ뵽˺һͬڵʫꡣ
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ܵ˵ŷ粢ųǸһֱСѾͷ
ߵһ𣬻Ҳһѡ
ŷ뵽󣬹ŷЩЦ̾ǴӦǸСѾͷҪȥģôʱҶûȥСѾͷָˣ
ʫཱུϸߵС죬ŷо̲סЦͬģҲôһ˿ů
ǸɰͬްСŮԼֺεºܵ˼أ
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΢΢ҡҡͷЩ߰ͷ˦ԺŷЦǽȥʫСӰɣҲ֪Сû͵
ţŷתطһɾ·Ȼ㳯ǧҶĴȥ
ΪŷǧҶĵӣҪɽþŵͬ⣬ûоͬ˽ɽĻһɻᱻڵġ


009 
ǧҶǧҶķ嶥֮ϣռطԲ࣬ʮ׸ߵĺΰֱʮ㡣
ϵʹŷΪĴ֮һżҵүҲ̲סΪǰ񹤰Ľе𺳡
Ȼ֮ǰѾǼƷǹƷǽɽۣڰɽϣԺǰǧҶȣ࣬ȴ˼ơ
һŷ粻ͣ첽ǧҶ
ǧҶ㣬һרһЩģ߱ʲôģоŷҪ׼ġ
ڶ㣬⿪ţ˵һЩңЩƽʱţֻж˾޴׵ĵӣʸ
ĵ㣬ǲ֪ʲôӵģΪѾܾûǧҶĵӽȥˣǧҶʦ˽أûκ˲롣
ԺЩͷͬʱŷҲǻ̤֮С
΢ЩŵǿֻΪļʮӰ߶ŷĿĴһɨЩʧҡҡͷ
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νĵǼǴʵǰżӣд˵ǼǴֵһƬӺ棬һ׷ԲԣĻͷ
ΪǼǴûӣԹŷ羶ֱǰȻ档
飡飡飡
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ͷЩȵĿ˹ŷһۣҡͷЦϷҵ׾ˣû뵽СҲǸ֮ˣˣҲͲ˵ʲôˣ֮Ϊ֮ɣСӺܶҵθڣģϷұĲ˵ҷ
˾Ͷлǰˡ
ŷԻͷ˱ȭٴιлЩʵǰ֪ԷʲôݣȻҲκβã
ߣһԼ׵競ѣûʲôµģףŵĳϣְλһҪһء
ͷЩĺߺһȻڶԷİ裬ҲͿ˳ˡ
ŶȻųϣ
ŷ΢΢һոհڣӴ쵼ҲŵĴϣţǸԼصĵطҲ
ֻû뵽⻹ûأѾһųϵĶӣԺҲùȥ
ŷпЦ̾һ


010 ЩǸ
ڹŷͻͷ̸ʱҲǻ˹ŷǰ
ˣ
국Ŀ˹ŷһۣһ˿ɫʵ

ŷ΢΢ʼ磬ˬĳϵݣԶԷʵҪֱɼ죬󷽷ĳأ
ܲмֵ
۾΢΢һУĴ˹ŷһۣ˵ҽǧҶϵϵˡ
ŷ΢΢һ㶣Щԣ뷨ԷӦֱʵһٵģϾԷİ裬ղҲʶˡ
ǰľƺûа߼߰
Ȼɻ󣬹ŷ绹Ц˵¹ŷ硣
ţҼˡ
һ˿Ĺâ˵ͷƿߣŸǼǵĻͷ˵īϣҪ뼸١
ŷӣŻͷ˵ͷȻת뿪ˣ뿪֮ʱĿһꡣ
е竣ƺЩǸ
ŷһͷͳǧҶȥ
ϱη̽ʫḶ́˳ҪԶԶŷ󣬲ûκҲû鷳ˣ⵹õùŷ΢һ
ϾǸոյһλųϵĶӣҪٵһЩηϵĺˣǹԺҲ밲ˣӦЩ鷳أ
ʫ츳ùŷһ£̶̲ʮʱ䣬ͬһصľ磬Ҫ֪ʫ͹ŷһڰ֮ǰûнӴġ
ҲõùŷЩۣЩԵˣԼٶȣŷְңԼһֵǡ
ڱηϺʫ˽ʱ䣬ŷŵһѺô֮ǰǸճ˵СѾͷ»صǧҶ֮ϡ
صǧҶ֮󣬹ŷ粢ûмŽ״̬ǿʼĴ˹Ϣ
ȻıЩǹŷɲΪԷô׵ķŹԷһҼסˣõùŷףԷһưոݵġ
֮ԽûкƽϣΪԷʲôҪɣֻҪԷһ鿪ʱ䣬¾͸öˡ
ԣŷ粻ò
ǧҶҲǱȽһˣ˶ϢŷռҲȽס
ܿģһЩϣȫ˹ŷС

䣬ŷ羲ԱߣһЩϣΪķţüͷʱʱɣҲ֪ʲô뷨
ݹŷĴ֪ųԪĶӣԪϲԾ츳ãȴɱڣûб̭ȥ
Ϊôһϰ֣ƽʱҲǼΪŰԵȻһ竵ģƽʱǧҶҲõŭԹ
ڶԷݣЩ۸ŵӽǸŭԣһֻĬĬЩ衣
ʵߣֻصľ磬ʵϵӵУûıֻͱ̭ȥˡ
ڻһǧҶţҲ˵ԪС
Ϊݵ⣬߾ۼ˲ٵĹӣһЩǧҶ׵Ĵڡ
Ͼ߶һϣʧϣ˹ӣһ;ϣҲ߲˶Զˡ
ϵĽܣŷ簵ҡҡͷΪЩӶеϧͬʱҲǸӼᶨԼ׷۷ľġ
һΪ磬ǲȫĵȥ׷ֻܻײ㣬Ϊ΢Ĵڣò˵һֱ
̾һŷϡ
ڶĹӵУӣҡ̷ͬ
Ҳǽ֮ϣߵˣǸ΢ªңṈ̷̀ͬ
˽صʵΪܹԪĶݣΪ˱ߣĵСܡ
̷ͬһǳ͵ĹƣΪ֪ݣĵ˹ӣΪƨĵĲԺӣոߣҫһ


еϣŷ³һΪϵԵʣŷҲһЩ˽⡣
׿Էݲ̸ʵûʲôµģһЩӣʵҲ̫ߣҲأȫŵУȽϵ׵Ĵڡ
ֻȴõùŷЩԣƺЩϣһЩʲôңٵЩҪ
ǾʲôŷһʱҲûͷãֻ²ûбϵǰ򵥡
Ǹ竣ƺЩǸأ
ҡҡͷŷʱЩ뷨׳⣬ʱٶҲûãֻʵӲЩǸھԵʵǰκıûá
о仰ô˵ţ
κܹʵ⣬Ƕ⣡
ͨЩŷлȻǰֻҪԼӵʵ¶ԷǿҲûãϾڣֲһֻҪŷֵ㹻㣬Ÿ߲УвȻ߽⡣
ȻˣǾȴӵһɣúȡڻϣȡһõĳɼֻĽŸ߲а
ȭͷ΢΢գŷ罫պãȻͻصϣ״̬֮С


011 ͻ
ڹŷŬʱȴ֪ڱηϣѾ˽֮ǣΪ˱ҪĶ֮һ
Ǹˣǧӡ
η壡ǧӵķ֮У
һµǧӾվڴǰĿ͸⣬˲֪ĵط
ǧһӰվһӰǺӰ˺ڰһ㣬ϸĻͲ֣ᷢﻹһˡ
ŷηˣ
֮ǧӵﻺ³һͷҲصʵ
ǵӦô죿ҪҪȥǸСӣ
ӰһͳдЩ̶ȣǵƬ˲һȫ̲סһ顣
ǧѾϰǸ¹ҫµĿգֻ΢΢壬û˱ķӦ
ãŷֻһզһQ˶á
ǧ΢΢ҡҡͷŵ˵ŷСǧҶϵһЩ竣ʱñʰ͹ˡ
Ŀǰĵ˻ǱηϵĴʦֻ֣нҲܰĵĵϴʦ֣һһϣҲܹ˳½Ǹطˡ
˵ǧӵһ˿âȻеǸطѾˡ
ǣףıԶǡ
ӰٶȴǸǲ֪ôԸηĴʦ֣ϾɽĴʦֺʹʦ㣬УҲǱȽܹעġ
ǺǣƣͲöˡ
ǧһЦ˰֣ȥɣйעʦֵһжʲô춯㱨
ǡ
ӰӦһڰһ䶯ǸӰѾʧˡ
ᣬǺǣЩڴءУǧӵ

ʱ䣬ڶݵƽ֮пţһգۣѾȥһ֮á
ڼ䣬ŷҲٶֹĿ֮Уÿ澭ϰ׽һʮСʱûһµġ
Էʱ򣬹ŷԴﶼ顣
⵹˵ŷһˣԴԹ֮ĸеԼʵ㡣
ԷʵȻҲûжǿɾˣҪԸҲ׾ٵģ֮ԵڻûжǶԷڹ˼ʲô
չŷĲ²⣬Էڹ˼ڵŹ档
ڣȻ˵֮ľΪļңѾ˲пľأϾһţս
ȷĹ涨֮ͬ䣬ֹɱΥߣϳš
˵ΪпģбҲ׵ĳ֡
ŷȴ֪ŹȻȴпӿ꣬һԷҵ˿ӣôӭģܾܿɱС
صв֮£ŷǲзֺи

ǧҶ壡ŷס
֮ϣŷϥ˫ϣ촽΢΢պϣһһ䣬ŵɫ㣬˳ıϢ塣
ԽԽ壬ŷ壬ƺɢɫâ
֮УһСĴָϸ֮·̶ֻȣ֮ŷһʼ̤һصʱŨֹȻⶼŷʱùѲϵ
һ㣬ӿŷڣ͸ǣ۵֮Уǿ
Ĺŷ磬̤һصľ磬ٶȣҲٶ˼ÿһٶʮӿ롣
ŷһܹɵҲͲͬնÿһΣٲһǧ
ŷɻûͻƵصľ磬ȻˣŷȻУȴżΪĸоͻƣƺѾԶˡ
ŷ粻꣬ȫת澭һһЩڿеʹԼ
ʱ䣬ǹúܿ죬գۼ䣬ʾѾһĨǰİϼ

һŽ󼸸ڣŷһҪͣ
ˡ
ȻʱŷȻ΢΢һвϷɫڴʱȻһּٶһֳӯ֮УȫӶ
ŷ΢΢ȻҪ˫ۣҲٶȽڣ۲֮еı仯
⡭أ
ŷ翴УȸղŻһжʱһ˿ô죬ЩΣĹͷͻơ
Ƥ΢΢һŷյ˫ȻͫɫĹâ
Ǻǡͻ˰
΢΢𣬹ŷ¶һĨÿЦݣظЦ
һµʱŷȻûбʾʲôеѹȴȻᣬ֣һʯͷһ㣬һֱݺݵѹͷоѡ
ڣһµĿûа׷ѣؼʱͻƣʱٴŷҲ֮һ
ıҲ˰ɣ
ŷͷһ룬´žֳ㳯ȥ
ոͻƵĹŷ磬ѾЩȲҪԣܲ˳ʩչ׽ĵʽױ
ױҲյĻôڽıҲ͸ӵĶ˼ְա


012 鷳
žֳСԺ֮Уŷ΢΢Ժл׽ǰʽʽһȻν
ﬡ
纮ĳҫ£һ۵Ĺ
ŷЦһ׽ʩչֳϷĹڿӰˮȻɡ
ꡭ
һƬҶɨУʱһΪŷɫ䣬г
һʽ
ڶʽ
ʽ
ʽ
׽ǰʽգۼ㱻ŷȫʩչһ飬ˮ˳֮УԶǹŷһνӴ׽ʱɱȣʽױܹʩչ
׽ʽ˲
ļãŷɫһͷһȣͬʱŷеҲ͵طˮһ㳯žֳ֮ϻ۶ȥ
ۡ
ŹŷĹעֳ֮ȻһŴ۵Ĺâ
ǹţͬʱһ㣬̵۾ۡ
ŷ۾΢΢һУǿҪ۾ĳ嶯ȻԺеһʯͷǽڱӶȥ
ƣ
䴫һͳĺŷеľֳȻ£һţݺݵغǽ֮ϡ
¡¡
Ƶ죬ھֳµһ̣˲쳹𣬴һɿ񱩵ľ磬ɢȥ֮ΧĻҳҶƷɡ
̳ɢͷĹŷȴЦ˳ţ¶Żɾݡ
û뵽ⱼ׽ĵʽȻôɱȵʽҪǿࡣ
ͷһѾ̮ǽڣŷһ˿𺳣̲סĵ
ʽģҲҪȵʽϲ٣ͻƵ֮ʩչʽѾ̫ҪʩչʽȴǳĽȻһصʱʩչһױͻľҲԶ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ簵Щ̾صʱǱʩչ׽ĵʽˣ»ûʩչԼȱˡ
Ȼָ˵
̾һŷպþֳ·Ҳ˲ϻͻͷĽ˷䣬
ɫһ²֪ʱѾ֦ͷɫĹԡ

³һڼЩɫŷƤһ鶯˫Ȼɫľâ۵һš
ǻָ˰
һ壬ٶȻŷʱһЦֳֻĸоְܹĵĸо
ŷʦ𣿡
ŷո´ûüϴžͱˣͬʱһΪò
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩɻǧҶûã㲻ͷޣ˵Ͳʶʲô˰
ǶԷܹ֣˵һʶôˣԷţһʲôҪ顣
ɻɻ󣬹ŷֻ΢΢һ£Ȼ㽫Ŵ򿪣ˡ
վŵһ͹ŷ꣬곤üĿ㣬ݰףһ˫תͣ۾ʮ鶯
Ȼ̸ϿȴԲᣬŷĸоһûʲôĻڼҵܵһ㡣
ǣ
ŷ翴ǰЩϤȴһʱ벻ļף̲סĳʵ
ٺ٣ǹŷʦְɣ
겻˼ͷɫЩΪεĵǲ˼ô˻ʦ֡
ǹŷ磬ɡ
ǰʲô˵鶯꣬ŷɫ΢˻ͷЦ
ǡǾʹŹŷʦˡ
겻˼ףŹŷһ
ŷָ굹һ裬ԼҲһЦʵ֪ʦôƺ
ȻԷѾԼʦˣŷҲ˳ڽ˶Էʦܣ鶯꣬ȻŷǵһȴúͶԵܹǧҶһ֪ѣҲǸѡ
ǺǣССɣŷʦֽСɾͺá鶯һЦŵʵǺ͹ŷʦһڵġ
ԭˡ
ŷһȻոռʱ;Щ죬һʱ벻ʲôطԭһϵǧҶ塣
ôһ룬ŷ絹ǶСһЩӡ󣬵ЦҲҪҹŷʦˣͽҹŷˡ
С΢΢˼һ£ҽŴˡ
Ǻǣɣ
ŷһЦǾǰ겻Ϊ˺Ǹɽ֮
һһЩ˴֮˽⣬ŷٶȻص⣬Сɣ֪ʲô𣿡
⡭
СЩɣյüôһݵĽ̸ùŷǸܲˣ˴ĿģȴЩġ
˹ŷʱһʵ⣬֪οˡ
СһΪѵӣŷüͷҲ΢΢壬ֱСɵ⣬򵥡
ȻСɽĻõùŷɫһ
ʦ֣ŴӦòİɣ
Сɱ˺һվǹĳ
ˣ
ŷ۾΢΢һУʵȴһȻֲöԷԼأԭΪ
ȻԷ˰
ŷ̾һ


013 Сɵ
ˣ
ŷɫһЩõʵ
ŷɫѿСɶʱһɫЩǺĽ͵Ŵ磬㲻ҪᣬҺʦ֣ʵʶ
Ŷ
ŷЩüɫ΢˻Щɻĵǡ
ʵġ
С̾һżУǿܹһңүȻ˿ʵҲȥʳǡ
˵С۵СЩ꣬ŵһǰżȴ֪Ϊʲôһ壬Էһŭ֮£ֱӽżҸš
Сɵһ˿ҧгݵĵżǧˣһڶûУֻңʱɲڼңһ١
ңΪʵ΢ֻĿҵĳң⣬ȴûһ㱨ϣ
˵ţСɵϲƺڰԼá
ŷСɵĻҲһ˿ŭ飬ǹżңҲûԷʵ̫̣ԡ
飬ϾŷûйϵҲֲȥָֻţֻܰοСɵļȰѭӦˬǵоӦõıӦҲҪ̫ĸĸҲϣ
Ǻǣ֪ģŴ硣
СɶŹŷ˵ͷһŵҾͰڣϣܹгɣΪҵĸĸ˱𡣡
˵СɲȻһЦŴҲַ֪ԣҪгɣûԴͻĻǸû˿Ŀܡ
Ҳ˱ģֻúûţǽ磬ʦͻȻˣңֻҪҽŴ˵Ӧұ𡣡
ˣ
ŷЦЦĿСһۣҪֳƵգСҵŷǰûʲôĻ꣬ӵĶһ
֮𣬲죬ڱ֮ǰСһֱڳ֮С
Բ𣬹Ŵ磬ұУɱǣ顣
СɿЦһǸĿŹŷ磬Щĵ
Ǻǣ㿪ЦҪ档
Сɵı飬ŷʱ̲סЦĻ꣬ŷЩϧͬʱҲǺһѡ
ˣŷܿЦ⣬ЩĵСҪǣΪ㱨𣿡
⡭
Сɶʱһͣ⣬ûȴΨһһᣬʱǱҽ̬ҹŷġ
Сɵı飬ŷͲµʲôҡͷ̾ϢͬʱҲѵҲ˵ˣżҵģһжȻһȣСͬϣɾҲһСС˵İɣ
ΪĸԪ㱨𣿡ŷЦŷʵ
ǡ
С촽΢΢ţ˵ʲôվû˵лǱһ˿ϣ飬ˮˣȻץס˾ĵһ㣬Լܹ͸򣬾ŷôȰ˵Ҳûжô
ˣ˵Щˣ˵˵ңʲôɣ
ŷҡҡͷԸصĻ϶һתʵ
ʦ˵һɽбҲ˵ҪϹŴһ𣬹ͬ̽ա
СɵЩΣ룬һ֪⣬̽գԹŷ粻
ڣСҲǼϣò
Ϊ˶Ըңɷһİ
ŷͷһЦȴûʲô飬С˶һЩϾС޹ģûСɣҲСɣСɡ
Сܸ̹ףҲ˵Էĵزҹŷ絹Ҳ뿴ܸʲô
ţŷҲЦԭҲУûʲô飬ͺȥɽǲʲô

ŷˬӦõС΢΢һ㶣ܿͷӦ˹ŷǲΪѡ
Сɵ΢ůɹŷԽԽ˼ЩɵĵǹŴ磬˾ǲ⣬ҿ㻹ҪȥˣˣҾͲұˣʵˣԼȥĻҸĸ϶˵ġ
СżӣŷҲӿһůȴһ˿ΪȻЦǺǣСɣˣҾ뿴ܸʲôİɣ̫Σյ£ǲġ
ǡðɣҲʦ˵ģʱһȥ
С룬ǹ˵ȻŷܹΪȥðգСȻҲΪŷȥðա
СϵϺִţŷʱЦҡҡͷҲûȰ˵ԷСɵȻȽϺ񣬿ǹŷܹ֣ĳЩ棬ǺģЩǿԸ񣬾ͺ
ֱܶ󣬹ŷףҲΪõʱ꣬ڶ̶̵һʱУΪܺõѣԺԻֵܡ
ȻˣЩǺ󻰡
ܿģСɾ͸뿪ˣŷҲͬһûʲôı֡
ȻΪϾʲô쳣Сɣ¾ΣˣԲǹŷԸ⿴ġ
ȻˣŷȻϻǺһУȴѾţҪôӦ˴εΣˣϾ󣬾Լʱ䡣


014 
ʱ䣬һζɫ΢֮ʣŷķžͱ
飡飡飡
⴫죬ڷػصŷƤ΢΢һյ˫۱ǻͫУһ˿ɫ
´ţŷ翴⡣
վŵߵĸ࣬ǸЩª꣬ң
߰ɣʦѾ֮ϵˣȥü٣һˣߣ治֪ʦΪʲôôСӣȻôѵõĻָ㡣
ҵĿ˹ŷһۣȻΪˬ˵
ǡѵã
ŷͷЦһȷѵãѰұĻᣬǳҵĻɣ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷҲھͺЩ˺ƤװһܳӣĵЦǣǵĶлʦˡ
ߣ߰ɣ
ҲˬĺߺһȻҲϻֱתȥ
ٺ٣Ϊ˶ԸңɷѿİȻôһϷѵʱ𣿡
һ˿Цŷתݣֳ䣬ŷ˷䣬һ𣬳ǧҶȥ
ʱ䲻󣬹ŷҾĵǼǴһµҲȷ͵õùŷЩǣߣֻǴһСɣûٴˡ
Ŀһۣŷת˹ԷôҲΪӰɣȻһƱˣŷ㶣ҲʶԾ
ǼǴǼǵģǸͷŷֵʱ򣬶ʱ΢΢ü
ŷԹʱ򣬿õģʱŷһ֣ͬʶ˲Ծ
ڹŷ磬īϵӡǺܲģҪһò꣬ȴ޷ֱӿڣֻܶԹŷգգ۾ʾŷ粻Ҫ
յѶŵĹŷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ͷȻôĵһ棬΢ů
Ϊ˶ԸνɷѿģȻô׵ȥŷУǸνɽҲȷЩ棬ϾΪƭŷ磬϶һɽġ
ˣŷֻ΢΢һ㶣ΪɲĶԻͷҡҡͷ
īϣҪ뼸٣鷳ˡ
ǰȥŷǹĶīһŻڵ
ðɣ
ī̾һŷһ򵥵ĵǼǣȻŹŷȥˣȻ֪ŷΪʲôڹŷ磬īϻǺܷĵģϾһμʱ򣬹ŷĴǸ˺̵ӡ
õùŷЩͷԣӼŷ֮󣬾һֱû˵עӶûС
Էǲ̫֪ǵĹϵɣϾҪԸŷģǴʱֵ׽ע⣬ʱǣϡ
ܿģһ˾ĵǧҶ壬ڣһΪߵɽȥ
֮ǰŷѾСɵ˽⵽Ǵ˴ҪȥĵطһΪֵĵطԣŷ֣ҲһЩҪ˽⡣
֣˼⣬кܶҰ޺ħޣҸݹŷ˽⣬ΪжޣԷԲʮĵطǻ̵ġ
ŷ˴˴εĿ꣬ǰУ޵ϳҲǸűɽ
ޣһ׵ͼħޣյȼ˵Ҳͽ൱һصľ磬ΪǽΪԣԹǿԶͨһ߿ɱȡ
˴Ϲŷԭ򣬶ԸŷΣҪĿģҲҪùŷȥԸͷޣܾˡ

һͣͣԼСǳ˵޵ϳǰʱҲǻֹס˵ǰУĿ˹ŷ缸ˡ
ǰǵ޵ϳˣǵޣֻһͷһ׵ͼħޣߣԣ»Ҫ鷳ŷʦܣȥǱ޵עϾŷʦҲԣضԸǵޣǸӵӦ֡
ĿƵĶŹŷ磬˵һƳϿңȴʵʵĻ
ŷ΢΢һЦҲûзϾԸҲͬҪԸ޵עһĻᡣ
ʦ֣ŷʦֻ᲻Σհ
Сɣһ˿ǣ̲סĿڵ
ûʲôΣյģһͷһ׵ͼħ޶ѣŷʦܣӦûܹõģ԰ɣ
һ˿ɫݺݵصСһۣתͷŹŷƤЦⲻЦ˵
ǲõģҲһصʵȻ˵ܹɱǵޣǽֻסǲġ
ŷһɵĵ˵ͷ˵Լġʵʵ
Ȼŷʦû飬ǾŰɣŷʦܴ˴γܹ࣬õʲôŷʦҲռķݶûɣ
Цһ֪˹ŷʵõڽ޵֣ŷİҲһЩ
һǳˣϷȫף鲻ǲᱩ¶̫࣬ŷĻɡ
ǾͶлʦˡ
ŷһ˿Ц⣬ܳĶ˹֣̰֮ɫʵǲ֪ʦֿɷ֪ɽ棬ʲô
΢΢ҡҡͷҲ֪ɽһǰżȻֵģΪʱ׼֣ûгɹ
仰ʵһǰҴɽ˺͹ŷԹΪɽȴ޹
˴νŷһΪ˽ŷҲΪ˿ɽУǷʲô
ԭˡ
ŷϹһ˿ʧ䣬Ϊʵ˵
ŷʦܷģʲôҲġ
Ĺŷļ򣬺˵۵ȴһ˿âŷУѾ졣
ȻǾͳɣ
һӣֱһȵĳɽȥŷСм䣬֪⻹ģ档
һıѾõƣҲڴʱʽչ


015 ս
𡭡
Źŷ缸̤ɽһƻĺȻԳŵɽ֮쳹õùŷ缸ĲȻһ١
ৡ
һ̣һӴӰŹŷ缸ֶȷ˼˵ıǿףڰУһ˫ɺĿ⣬˸
ޣ
ŷеͺһҲģܵĳɽ汩˳ȥڹŷ֮СˣҲһǰһܳɽ
䡭
ŷ缸˸ո뿪ɽԭرһ죬ʯ䣬һЩӴĳ˹ŷǰ
ǣȴҪһ࣬׶೤ͷһǣķ£ŵ㺮⣬ͷ̲סһɺ⡣
ǵ𣿡
ŷ촽΢΢һ˿أһƺöԸ
໡
ڹŷ缸˰ʱ򣬵ҲǽɺӣͶ䵽˹ŷ缸ϣͫУһ˿
ŷ磬֣
ʱȻͺһ۵һ˿⣬Ϊ˶Ըŷ͵ޣɷһģʱۼɹжǲɶƵһֳ֮С
ŷаǵ˵ͷһŵޱӶȥн׽ĵһʽʩչŵ޵Դȥ
飡
ײ쳹𣬹ŷľֳڵ޵Դϣֻëûκ˺
ӲƤ
ŷһݣȻ֮ǰѾ֪޲öԸǴʱԶ֣ŷᵽ˶ԷѲ
𡭡
Դʹŭһ׳֫ڵһӴͳŹŷ˶ȥǰצһӣŹŷԴȥ
ﬡ
ľ磬ŷ粻Ҵ⣬еľֳʱٶȳʣŵ޵ǰצȥ
£ֳ΢ɲĹâͬһ㣬صĵ˵޵ǰצ֮ϡ
䡭
ƵײһɾɿܵĴݶŷ׵壬ֱǹɾ֮±Ʒ˳ȥ
һ˳ǿжϵͣ
ŷֻλ𵴣ȫ˵ܡ
ڹŷһ֮£˶Ҳǳ󵹷˳ȥصڵϣԷӣû̫ܵ˺
໡
ޱڵأֻ΢΢һ٣ٶȳŹŷ˶ͷļƺâŹŷؿںײǼƣƺ޲ýŷ˺顣
ߣ
Ŀ˹ŷһۣͷһ˿ЦһӣСɺ̤ɽ֮С
ٺ٣Ҫأûôף
뿪ŷһ˿΢ɲĺâղź͵޵һжԺ䣬ֻóһصʵ
⵽ǹŷСޣǲԸǰ¶̫ʵĻָʲôأ
˲Щ뷨޵ĹҲٶ
ƣ
ŷͷЦһֳֶڵڴʱһּٶȣžֳӵ
׽ʽױ
һɫھֳ֮Ѹһ㣬ݺݵسŵ޵ļǺȥ
䡭
񱩵һ˲ȫй޴ƻֱǽ޵ļǸըϣһĴָϸѪڵ޵Դֶ
ӴȻŵأѪɿӿȾ˴Ƭأת˲ûϢ
⣡⣡⣡
һ޵ļնϣŷҲǳһ˿԰ףϾ޲öԸ
սŷ΢΢ϢһŻ޸ǰֳһǽ޵Դƿ¶һĴָСԲ塣
ħˣ
ŷһ˿ϲɫҲ˲ϵħ֮ϻճѪ⣬ֱӽУп񱩵ȴʱ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ŷ֮ԻӦæޣܴһԭΪ˵ڵħˣħˣٶȣӿݡ
ٺ٣֪ûܴﵽĿģôһ񣬲֪ʲô飬Ӧúܾʰɣ
뵽ٶȿԼı飬ŷоͰЦ
ٶȰһħ֮󣬽ħճŵѪŷͽźãȻĿһͶ䵽ɽ֮С
ŷ͵޵սû˶೤ʱ䣬ô̵ʱڣҲûҵȻĻԼͺջˡ
ȻɽôӦһЩöȥԺٲ˵ֻһЩ鷳
Щ뷨ͬʱŷŲһҲ߽ɽ֮С


016 ս
ɽǺܴ󣬹ǿҲܹ˶ѣɽ棬һİ֪ͨͨδ
ŷɽ֮ΧһɨûмˣҲɣֱӳİͨȥ
Լʮ֮İͨУŷ۾΢΢һУĴǰһۡ
ƺһѾõңУʯţǰѾ򿪣СҲ棬Ŭķš
һʯŻţȻ˻ûļѰ
ŷǺЦһͬһ㣬ܿ˵ߣʯȥƷʯƿ
ʯźķСûйŷڵķأֻйһӣ
棬ڷһһ׶೤߶ľϻӣ沼˻ҳѾľϻӱɫȫڸǡ
ǡ
ŷһֱľϻ棬һ˹ȥľϻӴ򿪣¶Ķ
һ
ͨ͸ף񣬷ŵĹΣڽ֮ת
ý
ľϻеĳŷȻһ̲סһʹ֮ˣýȻһĿȻ
ǰѽ۲ϻ޲֮ѡ֮еľֳ֪Ҫǿ϶١
һ˻ˣõһħˣҵôһѺýǲа
ŷǺЦֽ׽УڿӶ
ˡ
֮׽֮д֮ϵĲƣŹŷĻӶͬˮһ㣬ӯת
ŷϲʤͬõ˾䱦һ㣬֣˺ðŽ䣬ĿͶ˱𴦣ûķ֡
תһȦԿյķ֮ⲻùŷʧƳƳ졣
ûбĶˣҲ֪ǷʲôҲջ񡣡
ŷ绺ջĿ⣬һҪгңȻʱŷڵķ֮⣬ȻĽŲ֮
ˣ
ŷ۾΢΢һУû뵽ôⲻɵаޣ˵İЧ֮졣
ףŷ磿
Ƚ뷿䣬ЩɻΪʲôʯǿŵģǴʱŷ羹Ȼȱĳʱ̲סľһ
ľһСɺңʱ̲ס̧ͷǹŷʱʱ鲻һ
Сɵһ˿ϲɫŵһǷԴӹŷ޵ʱСɾһֱŹŷ磬ʱŷû£̤ʵ
㾹Ȼû
ɫ΢΢һ˴ʱҲڲʲôˣֲˣ㽫ŷɱˣҲû֪
Ǻǣôʦѵϣ𣿡
ŷ۾΢΢һУͫһ⣬Цŷʵ
ߣǵҲˣȻһССһصķﶼʰˡ
еɱΣһŵҲҪ̫⣬ǵޣֻҸļѡ
ң֣
Ȼ󱬺һȻǴҶԸŷ硣
Сɣ
ƺ֪Ƶģͺ֮ʣһŹŷȥĳ˲ʣһɭĻȣŹŷ統ͷȥ
ŷ粻Ųæһ֪ı飬ǹЦһˣǱܿһ
ʦ֣ſŹ涨ֹ֮ͬ以ɱڶҶ֣Ͳŵĳͷ𣿡
һԣŷ绺ʵ
ߣɽҰ뱻ɱ˭֪ҸɵģʱֻҪ˵ʦǱɱĲˣ
һһϾı飬Թ۵ĿĴĹŷ磬ŷѾ죬ǲͶԷ˵˵
ǾͶлʦֽˡ
ŷƺûпıһ㣬ЦһһתٶȱܿҵһǳЦȻˣҲûʲôù˼ˡ
ﬡ
Źŷ绰£ľֳ˲ʣ׽ǰʽͬʱʩչ
Сķ֮УɵĽһţĳȥ
ॡ
죬ŻĽڷ֮д
һ޹ڰ֮жʱŴ¶ŷȻѵõĻᣬֳʽһ䣬ֱ̱ΪС
׽ʽױ
ŷͷͺһڵٳžֳ֮ϻ۶ȥõǷɫâ

ŷ۾һгȻӳѸһ㣬ڰյҺȥ
͡
Уŵ֮
ŷһٶȼ죬һţõҶʱҪǾѾδ޷ʽֻܽгǰϣܹסŷһ


017 ĵ
ˡ
ײСķ쳹ڰյͬײһ㣬ź浹˳ȥ;УһѪصڵϡ
ŷֱźۼĵһȻղռϷ磬ұϾصʵǵ޲¡
һܵУŷսĿ֪ʦֻʲôʽСһ±ǡ
üͷ壬һ۵ڵϵңŭЦʦܵǺóǸȻصʵԵĹҲĶҲ
ʦˣСǸʦһȣǾС׼ˣֵһᡣŷЦһ˵
Сӣû䣬
ʱڵϵҺȻɷĵŹŷ磬˫ڵһţǵ𣬳Źŷ˶ȥ

ұһ˫Ŀͨ죬г͵صŭ£һɷ֮ĳ֮Ȼۣ̲סͷ
ŷ۾΢΢һУҵͷĳͷһ˿أһϣŷܵŨΣϢ
ȻҵһѾвŷ硣
ŷͷ΢û뵽֮󣬾ȻܷҵһˣŷҲ룬оֳȻγҪʩչ׽ĵʽ˲
˲ǹŷĿǰܹʩչʽŷţ˲֮£һͣҲȻһ
ǣ˲ģȴǹŷЩԳܵģսѾ˲٣Ǵʱʩչ˲Ļһ֮ضݽߣǽˣأ
ǸʱûһҲֻ׸˰ɣ
һɣŷγľֳٶ˻΢ƣס׽Ľ
һҪҰ㲻һпõĽ
ŷаһٳɣ׽˲ʣˮһ㣬һѤĻȡ
׽ʽױ
һּٶȳ׽۶ȥʱһɵĽڰ֮лҵĳȥ
顭
ײٶڴͬʱһľڵӴͬһ㣬ŷ˵壬Ѫ
ɲǼ䣬׻԰պȻ£صڵϣͬһ㣬Ҳոյɷ֮ѾĴ
ŵŵš
ŷ¼ˣֱ˷ʯϣͣˣɫҲǲ԰Ѫɫ
ȻһεĽ棬ŷҲһЩơ
ŷȴǲŭЦ׽ԽȻûʧոһױԶԶҪȾֳʩչǿࡣ
ŷսɻһ¥
ɫԽڵͬһ㣬ұɷ֮սģ¶ȫƣһܹҵһ
Ȼŷ粻ҵһشңõһʱЩ޷ܡ
Ϊ˶Ըŷ磬νǷѾۣòҵôһᣬΪԽŷ磬ûȴ棬ѡ
Сɣ˿Խŷ磬˵ޣвսʤľиܡ
ɫ任ȻӲŷ۾ЩǸʦ֣ŷǲ˿С˭֪Էʲô֣һһҸղʽŷô԰Ҳҿ϶ܹĽ¡
ϾʱѾһЩƣսȻۿۣңùŷ絣ǵûг֡
ߣˣ飬Ҽˣ
˼һ֮ǾʹĵƣĻȻܹʰŷ磬ĴۣҲʵ̫һЩ
һ䣬һڵϵң汼ȥ
ߣܵһЩɣ
ŷ۾΢΢һУĿһСϣЦһһ̤гỮ
͡
ŵ֮Сʱ˹ŷС
ף
ŷ翴еĲжʱһ⣬̲סľ׳
νĴһԳɿռ䣬ܹ涫ĲΪЯ㣬ɴ½ǳһЩߵĻӭ
ֻⴢ۲ƣұȽϡУۼҲǼߣŷͨŵӣǸӵеġ
ҲԪ׼ģϾԪݣŪһǷǳ򵥵ġ
ŷ磬Ѵ
ŷȥӵӰҲͣɫ˵
ʵĵǴǴеĶ治ĵƣһнջһž
Ҫ֪ƷҩԪ죬ҲܹŪģò׵õһţʱȻŷȥͷ֮ŭȻ֪
ǺǣһѣʦֵңͲҪôƽ˰ɣ
ŷ粻ûнЦеսԼУȻһ˲ı˵
Ȼŷ粻֪ʲôĽŵı飬֪϶кö
㡭㡭ŷ磬ҲŹģ
˰죬Ҳ˵ȻҪǴ֣ĵƣ̫ηŷ磬ǴʱѾŷȥգҲҸŷ綯ˡ
ֻһݻһϢңΪǱĳԶӴܶȥ


018 ջķ
Ǳ뿪ŷ絹ûô˵ԷҲųϵĶӣǱɱˣҲȥ
ʱ򣬲ֻֻżҶܵǣˣŷɲ뵱
Ŵ磬ô죿
ʱС˹ЩǵʵŷνǰˣԺӣ¾Ͳôùˡ
ǹŷ΢΢һЦںĵ޷ѾˣٶһЩҲνڵĹأţҪӵĸԣ϶ѽȥġ
춪ôһưոݣһΣֲ֪ʲôͷ۰
ŷЦҡҡͷ̾ʵھصʵҲ͸ʵˡ
Сɣô죿ŷüͷһʵ
Ұ
СɿЦҡҡͷҵʵһأϾҪлˣҲ֪ܲڱʼ֮ǰͻƣǲܵĻڶˡ
˵СɵСЩɬѪ𣬿츳ȴǿ⣬ֽʵ˾ɥ
ЩĽŷأ
ͬǷԣͬʱ䣬ŷȴѾܹսʤŵӣȴֻһأΪ׵ĴڣųϦӡ
ŷСɵļ򣬰οһ;Ȼ츳ҪͬɻȱֻҪ֣ͻջġ
ǰСɣԼ
֪Լ֮󣬹ŷͬɥͬʧ䣬ŵĻеΣڣԼƺЩˡ
ţŴ磬׵ģ
Сϵľɥ¹е鶯Цݣصĵ˵ͷʵŴ磬ô죿𣿡
ŷ΢΢ҡͷ˺ƤǧҶǱ밲ˣҴʱţһʱ䣬Ȼʱٻȥ
Ҳá
Сͬĵ˵ͷǸһЦСҾͲŹŴˣĿǰʵʵʵĻǧҶΪá
ţ㰲֪ҵĹϵزΪ㣬һҪһæŷͷͬ
Ŷ
СüͷһŴ絫˵޷ֻҪСܰ쵽ģһƴǡ
ǺǣʵҲûʲôҪ͵ǼǴĳ˵һڲȥҼ٣ǵǼǴϺһ磬Ӧòܾ
ŷγΪûϵֱᷢʣֻļڣҪҪ͵ǼǴĳˡ
ºð죬Ŵ罻Ҿͺˣͷɣ
СɵͷӦ£ŵȻҾȻˣһºĻϼ
ţҲãԼעⰲȫŷͷСĵ
С΢΢ףתɽȥʱ䲻󣬾ѾûӰ

СɣŷҲǳ³һ˿԰ףղӲһѾһЩƣֻΪ˲ߣһֱǿѹţû뵽Ƹء
΢΢üŷЦһû뵽һսôʵ̫ͰսҲС
̾һŷ粻ٶ룬ֱϯʼת澭޸ڵơ
УоʱţҲ֪˶ãŷתѣ˫Ŀ

һŷ罫ڱԭҪʱ̲סЦֲö˵սʵݾղŵһսڵ࣬ͬҲԭ˲١
ս̫գ⵹һֲʽ
Դϧ̾һŷҲᣬһӻͳһȻǴǸ
дһ˿ڴŷ绺Ľ򿪣ĶһԵȫ˳ʱһ߰ĶͬһСɽһ㣬˹ŷǰ
ŷһʼѶ
ֳʮ
󵶣˱
似ʮһЩűǩҩɡ
ǰ߰Ķŷͷ̲סİԴż˰ɣôһö
ףǡ
ڹŷͷʱƴСľУȻǰ֡
ŷһһУǰ۲
ܷĶӦò̫򵥰ɣŷ뵽
дһ˿棬ŷ绺д򿪣ʱһŨҩζ˱Ƕõùŷ̲סһ
Ʒҩ
ŷ翴۴С쳣Բĵҩжʱһâ⼫ŷţ˵һܹʱ߷ʵĵҩȻ߱µߡ
ֵҩȻЩܹʵʵʵĵҩܻӭ̶ȣȴй֮Ͼ˭ܹ֤ԼΣգһżؼʱͻȻʵ˵ܱסһ
ʵʵı
ŷ翴еļаզ࣬û뵽ֶУǸղսʱҷ˼ǵùģƾŷˡ
лһĨŷ̲סĽĿһ֮ϣأһҲȥɣ


019 Ե
Źŷ罫һд򿪣ʱһö뵰С쳣Բĵ֮С
˻
ǾӨ͸ĵҩŷʱһбŨŨľϲâǡƷҩ
ԲҩУŵҩ̺ľŷȻӿһĨ졣
ǺͼͬʵʵܹʵĶȻֻһأҲܹʡʱˣǶϾҪμӻĹŷ˵콵
ð󣬹ŷ緽Žкϣǿѹͷ궯ûûεֹҲôһǴЩͲиϵǼõġ
ףﻹһ似
ŷ罫зŻشУҲһȴ룬棬һ鼮
Ե
鼮ԾĴ֣ŷüͷʱһðԵ֣
һ˿棬ŷֽ鼮Ľܡ
ԵƷ似
ֻǿ鼮ϵǰ֣ŷͷ΢΢һû뵽۵һ似ȻƷҪ֪Ʒ似ڣҲǱȽ϶˵似ˡ
û뵽ȻЯⲻɵùŷ翪ʼ˼ԪδųϣҲ򵥰
ѹͷ궯ŷ
ԵʮʽǰʽѧʽҪϰо龵ʵޣ
ŷüͷٶ似ҲͰˣȻҪҲô⡣
ŷ绹ӼȥϾƷ似ȱ׽Ҫ߳Ʒأŷѧᣬսܱࡣ
Եǰʮ㣬һȫޣ似츳޴˵ܼڵİһ˳ɷδһս
ðԵĵðԵˣ
ŷͷ𺳣ǿŰԵĽܣŷܹĵԵǺεȵĿˣǴԵǰȻҲȻĻҲ˿ڳˡ
ŷоâ˸ΪĽԵȫϣֱԴｫԵʽȫס֮ź鼮
𣬹ŷһ󵶣Ķȫս֮УһǿʼհԵʽ
ݰԵҪֻǰʽҲأһʽŷȻأΪԣԶԶҪͨ԰ԵԳһҲδɡ
ৣ
ŹŷһӰݺᣬɳһʱ䣬ԹŷΪģƺһһ㣬֮һƬǽ塣
ļãŷɫһݣڼٻӶȻʽ߾ͷһޱȰԵƣڴ֮۶
Եһʽɽ
ͷһȣ߾ͷĴ͵ŭ£ڴͬʱŷڵͬˮһ㣬Ŵй
¡¡
Ƶ죬֮쳹һֱ۴ϸѷ죬ɿسԶӶѷ֮飬һ˲䶼赲ˡ
񱩵ԹŷΪģĴɢɳʯõңǾҵҡǽʵҶڹŷһ֮£̮ɣ
̳֮ɢ¶˹ŷӰ
ֻʱĹŷ磬ҲΪǱ·鲻ɫ԰ֽ۵Сϣüͷ壬󵶵ֱۣϲţƺʱֶһ㡣
ԵȻǿ
ŷ촽һ˿𺳣Լɵǽ峡棬þ
Ʒ似
ð󣬹ŷ緽ЦҡҡͷٶȿݽߵҲϻֱϯضָԼ
ղһʽԵȻףȴʵСԹŷǱһգãֻԼûзӳԵϾղһȻףǺ鼮һľ磬ŲСĲࡣ
ʵǿԵʰɣ
ΣԵƣԶԶҪȱ׽ʽ˲ǿ࣬ŷ²⣬Ҳֻб׽ʽӰܹɣ
׽ʽӰٶȣԿȡʤӰΣ˷ʤ
ԵʽӲӲˣһİԵԲʲô˶Ӳƴġ
ʽעصĵطһ˭Ҳֻ˶ˡ
ٶСʱ䣬ŷѾָ߰˰ˣ˫ۻͫһâ
ŷһԵ󵶼ŷĿϵʱȴ΢΢㶡
ʱ󵶣ѾٽˣԭĵѾһСĻڣҵ֮ϣһѷ죬Ȼˡ
ŷЦһֲ׼ôأ֪ҪԵǺܷѵġ
󵶺;ֳһֻΪͨı۸񲢲ǺܸߣʩչһΰԵͷϵһ󵶣ȻȽ˷ѣŷ絹Ҳܹܵ
ֻùŷüǣԵһʽôʩչڶʽʽʱͨ󵶻
ʱ򣬿ʽûʩչеĵѾ˰ɣ
öһЩõأȻĻԵٺãʩչҲǰ׷ѡ
̾һŷҲٶ룬ֽеķϵӵŲһͳȥ


020 ٷ
ʱһζգۼ䣬һµʱѾȻš
໡
ŵİУȻһŭֻһͷϻһľ޴Ӱ͵дɷ֮
һ׵ͼߵħޣջ
ڽջ·һģӰעͷϷĽջޱ飬¶Ĳмƺ֪ԵģһͷʱҪħޡ
ջƺӰеĲмʱٶŭһ޴Ȼ£ܹһͷţСȻſӰԴҧȥǼƣǱҧ׼ĻɣֻҲˡ
ﬡ
ȻʱӰˣһɵĽйˮһ㣬ŰнջĲȥ
͡
һѪԽջĲӴ󣬽ջӴȻһ٣Ȼ˵ϣϷʵ
һأ
һӰ̧ͷ¶һףǹŷ绹˭
ŷڰѾһµʱ䣬һУÿħսһʼʱҪսʤһͷһ׵ͼߵħޣҪʹǿնɱ
ڣֻҪһУղ
⵹ǹŷʵͻƣΪֹɻصʵص۷塣
ܹ֮ôĽȫΪһµʵսõ˼Ϊḻս飬սʱƾ屶ڳ˵ĸ֪Ժܿҵֵ㣬Ȼһʤ
ùŷٴңŷ粻ʹñ׽ƾĽƣͿɵĽһܣɱ
ջԴеħͳĶУŷ粽һ뿪
ף
ȻʱӦŵУȴǺȻһ״õùŷüͷһ壬ĽŲҲٶȷŻԭء
ɣ
ŷתһţŵĿ⣬ҲǳЩȽïʢĴɨȥ
Сӣͦ
ǰǸٶһˣԴ߳Źŷ翿˹
УΪһһʮ󺺣һǻյĵ̣ʹѾȬҲͷƤ飬
ڴ֮ˣʮ׳Űӣһ֪ʲôƲ
ٷˣ
ŻˣŷкȻһͷ
ǰֵʱ򣬱Ƕ԰һ˽⣬УһȻʤײħޡ
ڶǰٷˣֻչŷеĲ룬ΪӵܣЩٷӦòҳֲǣϾڵӳ֣ǽҪԵģڷ׷ɱһˣûġ
ŷȻ͹˽ٷ˵ĵȻ˽ٷˣǲҵ
뵽ŷЦҡҡͷ˽䱸ϾЩһɶɱ˲գ۵ģ֮ħޣй֮
ٺ٣СӣֻƲͼϵĴǾͷ뿪
Ϊ׵ĵ̴һѣ¶ŷƵݣɫһݺݵصҪ㲻ʶĻӾϡ

̴󺺵֮˱Ƿ׷״Цһ޼ɵ
ŷ۾΢΢һУѾɱЩٷ˵ĻȻǲŵģţŷҲĽϾĶŷ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ŷһѣС¶õЦݣҪҲأ
͵
̴ɫȻһ䣬űһͷ󺺻ֵ϶ȥСӡ
ٺ٣ϡ
ͷЦһŷǲ⣬˫һţŹŷ˹ȥ;Уŵ䵶͵سŹŷԴһ
Ϸŵ⣬ƺõ¶ȣǶȻ½ࡣ
أ
ڹͷһ̣ŷǿ˶ԷʵһأԼҪ߳һȼ
ҪǷڱϣ϶תܣڹŷ˵أҲһеĻˡ
ɭɱٶȱǣŷһˣıܿ˹ͷ󺺵һ䵶󣬹ŷľֳ˲ʣڿлһĹ⻡Ѹһ㣬Źͷ󺺵ĲӴȥ
͡
Ѫ䡣
ͷǲ˼飬ǳǺȻأһ̣Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˹ŷĽ
С
ŷһ׵ͷ󺺣ʱõõ̴󺺵˾ŭӣͷ󺺿صʵŷ磬ֻһصĳСӰˡ
ǶԷȴһɱռžƵ϶ܲܲŭ
ʵҲ޹ֵ̼˻͹ŷ磬Ϊŷͽջսʱǲڳֻǹŷջħʱ˲ŸϵȻ֪ջڹŷУһ߲ȻĻҲͲ˴ˡ

̴˫ĿŭɣһȣĳŹŷ˹̴ˣͬóԵŹŷӵ
ͣ
İѷźӲͬķӶŹŷҪкȥ


021 նɱͻ
ŷ۾΢УƯƣͬûһ㣬ΧƮƮĻ׽Ϊ򵥵ĵһʽڹŷвʩչ̴󺺼˵Ĺƾ⡣

Ľײּ䲻쳹ת˲䣬ŷ͵̴ˣѾֲϰУȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
٣СӣЩ¡
̴һ˿أЦҲýˡ
䡭
䣬̴صƾͺޱйĿһг֮ϺⱬŹŷնȥ
õ
ŷо˸̲סĵͺһ׽ʽױ˲ʩչͬһ㣬ŵ̴󺺵ĳȥ
ˡ
Ƶײ֮ԭ𣬴һξ硣
Сӣ
̴һ޹֮ɫԽŨһһĻȣٶȳŹŷϮ֮۵ĺԽŨͬҪ͸һ㣬õռ¶ȣ½ࡣ
ŷüͷ壬Сһ˿أ̴һ֮ɷһҪǿֲֹ
׽ʽ˲
ͷһŷ罣ƶ䣬糱ˮһϯõþֳϣȻһ۵Ĺš
顭
ŷеľֳʹ󵶺Ȼײй䣬Ľ˾Ȼ˸£˭Ҳκβ˭
СӣҲˣٽһ̴Ц˰벽һҪٶȳС
ûлˣ
ŷо˸Ȼ̽հ񳤽ĽڵӲ˼ĿУȻν
ﬡ
ɵĽ⣬԰񳤽ĽʿйһĽŷĮȻתս
㡭㡭
̴ֽŲӣѪҺȴֹסӿ˲ͽǰȾһƬ촽䶯ƺҪ˵ʲôѾŷһжϣֻܷ
䡭
󣬵̴󺺵ȻأѾûɵУɲŨŨĲš
㡭㾹ȻһĶã
ڵĲԶӵĴ󺺲ΡΡָŹŷ磬ð˵һĻ
ŷ粻ʼ磬÷ϻ屶ڳ˵ĸ֪һĶʵ̫򵥲ˣһö
ŷȻʲôӴ󺺵ȴǷˣһĶãֻЩеţû뵽ǾȻһҲ֪˻ǲҡ
֪һ˾ҪоҪ˵һĶˣϾʩչ似ǹҼңһƫ似ʩչˡ
ӡ
һʱ䣬ʣս⣬һۣ͵ת򣬳Զ񱼶ȥЦϴصĸ֣ǹŷĶֻ֣صʵǹŷĶˡ
ܣƺ˰ɣ
ŷ翴ǱӴܵˣɱһֳ£ʱɵĽûڿ񱼵ڡ
ۣ
һᣬԵ˵ϣ˲

ٷȫŷҲǳĳ˿ֻһ飬ղһ˲Ѿŷڵĵ߰˰ˣ˵ŷҪʰǣ»Ļһ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷҲ˲ԭһűȽïʢĴĿָڵ

գۼ䣬졣
ôʱŷһյҲٶȳӯõùŷ羪ϲǣصıϣȻڴʱɶ
ûᡣ
ŷͷͺһ澭ʱȫתΧЩ㡣
һ㣬˳澭·תţȫ۵˹ŷ֮УڵԽĻ
֮Уɫͬ׵ӿţ֮󣬹ŷںȻһһֳ֮ͨУʼڹŷӶ
ĴָϸҲڴʱһۿɼٶȣĴ׳գۼ䣬ͻһֹ
ɹˡ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷƤ΢΢һ΢յ˫۱Ȼ֮ͫУβסľͬ貵ǳһ㡣
һǣ֫ٺŵǿŷС϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬û뵽ʱͻƣ֮ϲأ
ŷǴڻ֮ǰþģϾҪȡһΣƾڵʵԶԶ
ֻû뵽ǣٷ˵һսɶɹͻƵأһܹʡǿžˡ
ʱ䣬͸ûأҲ֪ʫСôˡ
ԺкȻϤףŷ΢΢һůˣһǺϵŮˣһһʵֵܣڣΪ׽ˡ
ûȥˣ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ緭Ȼڵķȥ


022 俪ʼ
ʱ䣬һζ峿ĳ֮ʱţһƬȵ֡
ÿ¼һŵӣʱһֲõŵӱ̭˵һ൱пĹ
ֹ֣һεĻΪԣʤΪ߿ܡ
ò˵ǣκζžŻɳһεĻҲ˲ٵӡ
ڹƷ֮ϣһƬΪĳأضɾ޴ʯɣУֲŲ̨Щ̨ǻרǫ̃
̨ΧǰڷһϯλЩϯλ̨ףɵ͵ߣʹڣҲԲӰκһ˵ߡ
ʱЩϯλϣѾǱһƬѹѹͷȡֻȵĽ̸һֱ
һ;ζԶѵĻ𱬳棬֮У˼֮⣬ܶ˶ѡǰۿһ
ӰϯλμķֳɽĵӣΪɽľϵõǲôгһЩƣ⡣
ŷڵǧҶ壬٣ʵͣҲԵģɽѹѶ
ʱѾһЩ಻סĵӣʼˡ
ĻǧҶμӵ٣̭ȴ࣬ǷԵļеذ
ٺ٣Ҳûа취飬ԣôŬɼҲ̫ģҪǻңˣأ
ٺ٣Щ˰Ͳôģ֪ܣԸǱ
ΧЩϯλ֮ϵĹŷ΢΢üͷЩõص˵ڹżʱΡ
ʱѾͬգŷ磬ҲͲǸķˡ
֪ζҡҡͷŷҲȥЩûӪƣתĿ⣬Щɽĵɨ
ŷҪεĻȡһõĳɼô˽˵ʵǲɱġ
Ա˵ƣŷѡӶǧҶӵܣȴ޷ܣʱһľ
Ŵ磬˵λǰʮĽǷ񣬲֪ûĴǰʮ
ΪڶڹŷߵСɣɫͬЩǺ죬ԵЩ裬ŷǰ㲻Ųʡ
СɵЩҲ磬ֻܼװԼûΧЩưĳǽĿͶŷ磬Դһ˿εʵ
ŷջĿ⣬Ǽ⣬ЦҪǰʮôףǰʮ˵ǱЩϵӸռˡ
ǰЩϵʱ䳤ռƣŴܴңʱһȡһεġ
Сͬĵ˵ͷ뵽ŷʵǻһתЩ۵ĵ
Ǻǣϣɣ
ŷ粻ʼ磬һʵˣ֪˴αǰʮʲô𣿡
ŷȻǰѾصڣΪոͻƣԼȥʵˣ˶Ľûô˽⣬ʱСŷҲ˳ʡ
Ŵ֪
СţЩĿ˹ŷһۣŽŵǰʮн˵ʮһƷҩǰܻһƷ似ڹھƺܵУѡһԼ
˻ôĽڻѪ
űĽʹǹŷһ侲ԸҲ̲סһΪڵĴֱʸе̾
ٺ٣԰ΪкܶϵƽʱԼʵΪǷĽ
СɺЦһȻڻ˽⣬СɿҪԶԶڹŷġ
ǺǣĻҪҰ
ŷҡͷЦĽãҪãҲϼѡ
ѯЩʲôŷɫȴͻȻһ̧ͷһһ˫ζӣεĶš
ŷ۾΢΢һѷ죬ΪĴһ˫ӵˣһϮ۵Ŀ꣬ŷȴʶⲻɵ
ڹŷʱһŽҲǳ֮УȻʫꡣ
ڹŷעӣʫȻûз֣һŽСϵĴƺѰʲô
ǺǣǺջˮ
ŷΪεǼ⣬ʫСӵһ̵˽⡣
Ŵ磬ǸһǱηǧӣ˵Ѿصĸ֣ǱηĴʦֲһ㣬Ҳһˡ
ڹŷעһϮµĿʱСҲڹŷĶĽһֱߵСɣѬĿȾ֮£ҲǶŵһЩһЩ˽⡣
ǧӣ
ŷüû뵽ȻǧӣǧӣŷȻûмȴ˽⣬ϾͬΪĴ֮һҪ˵˽⣬Ǿƭ˵ˡ
ֻ֮ǰһֱûнû뵽һμ棬Ȼֳ֮£ǧеĵ⣬Ҳõùŷף֮䣬ƺôгˡ
ǧӣŷ絹ûжټɵ˱Ͼͬһɽ壬ǧҪҲûлᡣ
ԹŷڵٶȣģҪ˶ãͻ׷ǧӣԽ
ˡ
ڹŷǧӶ֮䣬һͻȻ˲䴫㳡˵ľǶȻһҪʼˡ


023 ɹ
ˡ
ھ޴Ĺ㳡֮ϻصոǳ֮ʱΪ֮һ
һɸӻȵգڳб˿ŷߵСɣɫǵͨ죬Щ
ŷЦҡҡͷƶĿ⣬˹㳡ǰߵӰЦĿųС
УģȻһɫĴϣˣǶʮˣŮ
ǺǣһεĻƺడϿųл𱬵ĳ棬΢΢ףЦ˵
Ȼ𱬣ȴѾˣǽ᰷ȻڶϵбȽϵףʵȴѾͻƵأȡһ̽ȡ
һλŽɫ۵꣬Ŀ˳һۣЩȻ˵
У˵ҲͷΪֻǽ᰷صĵӣǳԴͬصʵǽ֣˭ʤ˭һأ
һ쳤ȹ»ΪмƳһ꣬ߵΪĴʦ㣬Ƣ𱬶»Ȼ᳤־Լ硣
ߣǹǿĽԣԴȻܵľ档һһ˵
ǲҴ򰡣»Ŀһɣݺݵ˵
㲻ɣظһͦԵĵ
ˣͣһΪԼзأ
ִ£϶ʱûȰһŵΪҲ֪ΪĹھÿζ͵͵İһЩСһμӱ
һƣ»ͽ༸˵Ҳһ˿ΣΪ֪أԭͱ֪ˡ
ûҡҡͷϽĿߵλŮϣЦʵ˾ͽСѾͷεĻʲô
ŮӵͲ󣬿ȥҲʮ˾꣬µĽһ̳ȹֻ¶Ǿգһִҹĸо
ǧҶʦ㣡˾ͽ£
ʣ˾ͽµĿһ˿ЦŵСŮӵ΢ĩ벻˴ϵķ۰ɣ
˾ͽСѾͷͲҪɷϷˣ˾ͽҵľѧϷɲ۰ȻǸϹүү֪ˣòڰϿЦҡҡͷһ˿Σ
ԭҲµ˰
˾ͽЦĿУ˴εĻǧҶҪͷأ
Ŷ˻ЩĿ˾ͽ£̲סĵ
Ҳ̫壬˵Ʊһֻ֣֪ǧҶĵӣ˭Ҳֻүүܹ͸ˣңлࡣ
Ҳ޷Ȼ֮һԻ֪ϷҪǺε˾ͽСѾͷķۡ
һ˿棬ŵȲ˵ЩˣȿʼɣЩСһǣҲȼ˰ɣ
ЦһϻվĿɨȫڿʼÿжԼĺ룬ҾͲ˵ˣõһֺģ̨ɡ
ǡ
ŴϵĻ£е˶ʱӦǣһӰ̨֮ȥգۼ䣬ʮ̨Ѿռˡ
ŷϯλϣ΢УϸĹ۲Щһʵ
ĹΪ򵥣μˣǰ֣ǲõֹ̭һֿգʮ˽ܹʮˣͬھ
˵ǰ̭ĻôĹھսǻĸ߳ʣʮˣսҲ˵ÿһˣʮսһʤһһ֣ƽֺʧܲ÷֡
÷ߣǴ˴λĹھΪȫΪҫ۵Ĵڡ
ܵ˵һֵֻ̭ǻӵʵҲǶһضصĳ̶ȣԻ࣬ȴʲ㡣
ֻǴƬ̣ŷЩʧջĿ⣬ۼľ磬ȥۿЩӵսͶ˼ۡ
ܿ죬һϳʮˣѾʤһںȲ£һٶϸ̨սһ
ŷ΢յ˫ۻĳһ̨ȥһ˿ǣΪ̨ϵһӰȻǸղڹŷߵСɡ
Сɵ츳ãǷԣ͹ŷһʱҲһصľ磬Ȼǿ̤أΪʱţԶһЩ似գδЩǿˡ
Сɶսǽ᰷ĵӣһصʵȻʵСɣһ׽ΪǿСʵĲࡣ
һʱ䣬̨Ƕ൱
һ֣СӦͦˡ
Ƭ̣ŷ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼһʱ䲻£СɱϾصʵڳ־ϣҪռƣʱһֿɶᱻϿ塣
ȻûãСɵֱΪ¶һСһ̨
ⳡѵõʤС̨϶ʱ¶һĨظЦݣҲǿԼˡ
ֻҪڣлΪԼĸĸ
С֮ʫҲ̨ʫ꣬ѾǺ͸ʱͬնصʵټһ಻ľõɵľսʤ˶֣Ϊλϣһƥ
ŷǵ岨ϳģĶ֣ǱηһӣصʵʵҪǷڱϣһЩѹڹŷϣȴ˼֡
ŷ羲վ̨֮ϣɫƽ֣Щţڽһŷʦ֮󣬾ͼæŹŷ緢˽
ЩϧҡҡͷֵʵǲȻ̬ЩǷȱΪţì似ʩչʱ©ٳ
ŷ粻ԸöԷӣԵĽ˼ʮ֮һ˶ԷĲϣޱȵĻһֵʤ


024 ս쵶
һֵ̭ŹŷʤգһϲҳʤģԼڣʧܵģҲͺڳԵˡ
ɴ½ǿϣûһǿܣôԺ֮·Ҳעߵ̫Զˡ
Ͼ˵ľޣûŵԴ֧֣ôţҲΪ
ԣЩҪ̭ĵӣͲмֻɥˡ
ʧߣǲܶģЩҫ۵Ĺ⻷ԶֻʤߣˣǶϽҪеĵڶ̭עӣҪԶԶڶЩʧߵעӡ
ˡ
쳹ڶֵ̭ʽʼ
һΣŷõĺǶģҲ˵ǵڶϳĸ̨
ڶֵ̭һʳ̶Ҫ࣬ÿλӶصʵ
㼫ĵʵԵͣô似գҲǵһߵĳ̶ȣԽս
ʱ䣬ڶĺȲпţܿģٴֵŷϳˡ
Ŵ磬͡
СɶŹŷĻ˻ȭͷһ˿ڴŷΪˣܹȡһΣСɾãҲӡ
š
ŷ΢΢ͷ۵С¶һ˿Ц⣬̨֮ȥ
ŷĶһ꣬䴩ţӦڵһϵˣⲻɵùŷ΢΢һ㶣һ˿ء
εĻ˹һٰʮˣҲ˵ϵӽʮˣڶ̭Ͼϵӣֽõùŷ粻ò̾Լ
Сӣ㶯ְɣ㣬һҪȥأõʱ䣬Ӱı
վڹŷ꣬ΪмĿ˹ŷһۣһ㲻ǶֵģЦ˵һ䡣
Ǽ⣬ŷһѣЦȻˣСҾͲˡ
ﬡ
Źŷ绰£ľֳ˲ʣһɵĽ⣬ŶԷʺȥ
ߣ
һһ˿ĲмҲǰڱĳѾУƫеĵʺǰ档

Ľײ쳹𣬵ײżػ䡣
⣡
һ޹ŷ¼ˣȴһ˿𾪣ոʹǱ׽ڶʽٶóû뵽Է׵ĵסĽ
ৡ
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ÿĵ
ŷаԷĵ֮죬ֻǿ壬ղüʱ´ʱѾʧˡ
ͷ΢ŷ屶ڳ˵ĸ֪˲̨һһһӹĸ֪
ףСӣȻܹҵĿ쵶
ڹŷվ̲סķһףܿģϱٶ¶ŨŨĲмߣҲܹһѣܶ
ЦһȻһɺ⣬һٶȳŹŷ籩Ӷ
͡
ƽĿУȻһ쳹һĨһ㣬ڿ֮мٷŴƬ֮䣬ѾǱһѳһ㣬Źŷնȥ
õ
ŷĿ¶⣬оֳᶶǰһ˼Ļȣ䡣

𣬻ĽӰҲٶȳڹŷǰһ˿ȡ
ڣˣ
ǰ¶𾪵꣬ŷһѣ¶˰׻ݣᶶֳͬһһ㣬ƿ˶Էĳؿڴȥ
СӣСˡ
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䡭
껰δ£һǿƱڱӿصʵ˲չ¶š
Цһгĵס˹ŷľֳ䣬һɿ񱩵䵶֮ӿصĺ˹ŷľֳϡ
顭
Ƶ죬ùŷֱ۾޲һ𣬾ֳֶɡ
⣡
һ޹ŷ¼æˣгǰ趯һӰڵܲ͸硣

곤ӣһһֱۻӶ䣬Ǵһľ磬ŹŷĽӰȥ
գۼ䣬˾Ѿֲ°У֮ڶ˲㳡֮ϣΪעĿ̨
ףĺ̨Сһƺ򵥰
λ֮ϵĴϣŹŷ˵̨¶һ˿Ц⣬˵
ǸʹСӣҽ᰷ĺԶȻֻصʵһֿ쵶ȴͬƣԽսɹĿҲܴ󣬺սǸСӣӦüֲ˶೤ʱˡ
һĽʱȻ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⣬ưĿһԱߵ»˵
ߣҿðɣǸýСҲû˶ò˵ýǸСӮأ
»ȻǼý⣬²ɫĳԴ
ˣͣ
ЩͷĻ˻֣̲סʵǸʹǽ᰷ģǸʹСһĸɽģ
⡭
Ŵϵʻһʱλʦִʦ㶼΢΢һ㶣ǰСĸɽģôôأ


025 ʤ
ҲµĲĻλʦܣӦεµˡһԵ˾ͽ£·ĺ̨Ŀһ˿ʣ˵
š
Ե˵ͷЦڵӢű˴µУ᰷һ㣬ηһʫֶ꣬һý꣬ϷЩڴ˴εĻأ
༸ԣҲͬĵ˵ͷһ򲻺ϵ»ͽˣҲûл

еĺ̨ϣݺᣬӰϵŲӣ̶ʱУѾ°Уȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
һµĺԶ磬ƾŷĽε꣬Ҳռ˿Ϸ磬Ȼˣŷǿĸ֪Ȼȥȴܷ׻ԶһһεĿ쵶
ʱƣŷںԶĿ쵶ҲǽһЩ˽⣬ӦҲһʼǱ𽥱硣
ˡ
ŵٴν棬ŷͺԶ˽ǳ˿ǿڶң
СӣҺԶֻһˣǾҽ᰷Ĵʦֽ죬ֶһ㣬ĽҼġ
ԶϵĲмѾȡ֮
Ҫȹŷϼ꣬һֿ쵶Ҳĥ£նɱ֮󣬷ܹд˳ɾͣΪˣû似
û뵽ŷ½ŵӣڶ̶̵ڣѾ˾ĽȻĵݣȴܿٵҳ㣬ԾƶⲻɵúԶһ˿֮ġ
ϾǰĲмҲΪŷʵʱ˵ʵѾ൱ԶȻҲû֮ǰһ۸ڶıˡ
ȻĻǺԶɵˡ
ʦֵĵС簡
ŷҡͷһ̾ȴǰҪи֪˰ɣ
еһܣζ˵ģ㹻ʵ֮ǰǲ˵ġ
Сӣ㵹Ǻܶҵθڣղ˭˭ӮȻ֮ʹһΣ
ԶһȻĹŷ磬аͷùŷ粻꣬Ǹɽ֮ˡ
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ҵĿ쵶һʽܹ£ҺԶԵ䡣
Сˡ
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ŷ۾У֮ͫһ˿أԶһƣѾԶԶĳصļޣأһܹĵ
ǰٷŴĵâŷеľֳĽ֮罣һ㡣
󣬹ŷ綸ȻХһֳȻͬʱڵͬˮһϯ˾ֳ֮С
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ۡ
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ŵŵţ
̨֮ϣ𣬹ŷͺԶ˾ͬʱˣԭһɾҲǱҲ
Դˣȴ⣬һЦԶСӣҵĿ쵶Ѿȫʩչһ飬ȴûн£ⳡԣˡ
ʦֳãҶѡ
ŷ絭һЦͷ£Զ䣬ٴν֣ŷţҲսʤԶֻĵƿҪ౩¶һЩˡ
ŷ֮ԲԸһͱ¶ºԶѡԱ׽ͨʽͺԶ֣Ϊ˶һЩϾƱ¶Խ࣬ǾԽΣգƱ¶ˣҲûʲôˡ
ûʲôҲҵģʵˣǵǵԼ
ԶҲɴ࣬ûΪ˱˿ĲʺͷߺޣǶŹŷͷһЦԾ̨ⲻɵùŷ簵ͷ
ŹŷͺԶֵĻڶֵڶ̭Ҳʽ󣬵ıԣҲǻĻ
Ϊڶֵֻ̭ܹʣһˣԵʱ򣬾ֻʣʮ̨С̨ʫ꣬ڵ߸̨
ڹŷͺԶ˵ľʶײҲǽһµĸ߳вĵӼʹ˻̨¹ۿڶӣ۸
ŷ磬ҲΪĹۿÿһ̨ıСɺʫ̨ŷͲĶһЩ
ʫ꣬ŷ絹̫ģֻҪԶѲĶ֣ʫصʵɻʤ
Сɣ̨Щڿһʱ֮󣬻Ǳִᣬһ̨
СɵûжôϧԼ֪Լ£ʵܹڵһ̭лʤѾˡ
ʫҲȷŷϣھһս֮󣬻ʤ
һ̨ʤܿģڶֵ̭ȫˣŷµĺ֮󣬾ͷ׷׻صԼס񣬵ȴı
̭֣ΪĻೱõ˶ıҲǸӵĶ˼ڴ


026 
ݵһʱ䣬˵УȴƱЩͷ̫ô֮ʣţҲٶȱû˼̸ţ˭˳ʮǿμյĹھս
Ŵ磬ǧҶÿһζ׵ģѾüûеܹʮǿˣһΣһҪʮǿܹȡھҲǿǧҶҲȫ֮
ڹŷߵСɣȭͷһ˷ܵĳٵģܹôһ˿Ⱥ궯ȴ˻׾ܹȾˡ
ŷЦҡҡͷʮǿôףһУǺԶһֿ쵶ͲܣҪ˵ȡھˡ
ٺ٣Ҷġ
СɶԹŷĻΪ⣬ǺٺһЦ˵ƺŷܵһ㡣
ŷһЦҲԣʼĵȴıԣУȴôһ˿ȣƺھҲûпܡ
ܿ죬˵ڴ֮УıٶĻ
̭ԭ˵Ķ飬ʱѾֻʣʮˣļ٣Ҳǫ̃ԭĶʮʮ
̭Уŷ˵һϳĲߡ
ΪĳɫݣŷҲǳΪ˱ȽϹעĶ֮һʱһϳȺУһЩź֮õùŷ籾ޱСϣ΢΢һĨЦݡ
ֳ棬ǹŷԭζģû뵽ȴʵˣʱŷгôһ˿˿ļ֮⣬ЩӦóֵĽԺ⣬ȴûгڹŷС
ھ֮ƺЩͽĶѾӰŷˣõޱȵĶƺҲˡ
΢΢ҡͷЩ߰ͷ׳Ժŷ翴Ķ֡
ŷһֵĶ֣һͺµŮŮһ㣬·Ůĸյ¡
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Ůںڵβһ˦ֲһ˫ˮĴ۾УЩ棬ЩװͰ͵ʵ
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Ŷġ
ŮĲɵӦһСһȻܴܺԶҲ϶Ķˣˣһɣ
䣬ŮȹŷӦת̨֮ȥ̨֮ʣŮĽŲ΢΢˶٣ͷҲص˵ԶҸ磬ҽк飬ȻҲĶ֣Ժһġ
˵꣬ŮԾ̨˦ںڵβʧȺ֮С
飿
ŷ翴ŮԶȥٻӰ૵Ը񣬻һأ
ЦҡҡͷŷҲ룬תصϯλ֮ϣСһûһ죬˴ʱ䡣
ŷû뵽ǣΪһСԺսõʤȻЩǺ󻰡
ŷĲսʤõҪֵĵӣЩźȻˣҲкܶŮӣѹŷ統˰ӵѡŷĿУŵһ
õùŷЩεĽȴеӵıԽ
ŵ̭ݱĽУڶź֮£ҲǺܿˣ˹ŷ֮⣬µӽʮǿģֻˣʣʮˣȫǸϵӡ
˸УҪŷ硢ʫԼ᰷һΪۡ
ŷһ־Ľܿ쵶Զú䣬սһǧҶķԵ˵Ƿǳġ
ʫƯɰŮҪ˵ʵƾ賤࣬Ҳ˵Ĺע
ڽ᰷㣬һǳ͵ȵļһҳƽټÿսйоأûʲôɫı֣ȴΪùŷע⵽Ͼ̫ͨˣԵòͨˡ
ˣ滹ʣһ̭ΪֻжʮˣԻһֿգԶʣĶʮˣҪսʤ֣ܽ
ʱվĿɨȫŵΪǵսļҳ̶ȣԽսһһľС
𡭡
ŴϵĻ£ȺУʱһ󻶺ֱ֮
һЦֵڣʼǩ
ϻո£ʣĶʮ˱Ƿ׷ϸ̨ȻʼǩһΣŷ鵽ǩҲ˵ǵϳ
ܿ죬˳ǩϣ鵽һǩģѾʼ̨϶˵Ļ֮սҲһ
ŷ绺صλ֮ϣһΣûһۼ£ΪĹ۲ÿһܶ˽һ±˵ʵ
ν֪֪ˣܰս
һʤܿľֵ˹ŷϳŷĶһͱԴµӣصʵ
һ򵥵Ľ֮󣬾͸չ˹ơ
µȻͬصʵǺͺԶһȣЩ࣬Ļ̶ϣǶ似ϣԶԶﲻԶ̶ֳȡ
ԹŷһսԵ࣬п֣пŵ˵ĽȻŷͺԶʱǰȴԵøӵĻʣǼЩ͵۸
վǱԹŷԵĽְ֮󣬱һױԷ̨ɹĽʮǿ
Ŵ磬ġ
ŷصϯλϵʱ򣬾ͼСһĳ˴ĴָǧҶӣǶԹŷ¶΢ЦȻŷܹȡĳɼҲõǸоӡ
Χһı飬ŷȴҡͷһЦܹȡɼʵ֮Уھᣬ˴εĿġ


027 ھսϣ
ڹŷ֮ʣʼĿ죬Ҳ죬ˣʮǿȫ
᰷ʮǿˣֱԼ㡣
ˣԴͷƽηҲˣͨʫꡣ
ƷͳʮǿĸˣƷƽ½ǧԭ׮졣
ǧҶʮǿֻйŷһˣ˵Ϊ׵Ĵڡ
һ֮󣬱ıȫйھ

һҹ޻գɫűȫŹƷĹ㳡ȥŵӣڽ¶棬һ۹ھս
ϯλ֮ϣϯ˳죬Ҫ˺Ʋһ㡣
ϻվĿɨȫھսڿʼ
ˡ
ŴϵĻ£֮˲쳹㳡󣬱㱻Ⱥе֮ڸǶ¡
һ̨ͨսɡ
ڶ̨Դսƽ
̨ŷս
ϵ֮󣬱ϯλЦеĶ̨
Ŵ磬͡
СɶŹŷ˻ȭͷһЦĹ
ŷ΢΢ͷĿɨ̨һԾǵ̨
ŷĶֽǱηһϵӣŷ֮ͨǰıҲǶԽһŵ˽⡣
۷ʵһǹ趯罭ˮһ㣬಻ֵİˮԵص˳һеƣĶּûлٳڶУᱻ಻ĹƸܡ
ܵ˵⽭Ѳ̶ȣ֮쵶ԶҪʤһ
η壬
һۣһͷںڳ޷Զͬһ㣬Ŀ˹ŷһۣһƽĵ
ǧҶŷ磬ͽ̡ŷ΢΢֣ĵ
Ȼʵ£ذɡĵ
ŷ΢΢ʼ磬ЦЦĵ𣿽ǵȱȹ֪֮֮Ϊʱ˰ɡ
ߣ粻磬Ͼͻ֪
һĿ磬޳ָǹ֮ϣ񱩵һ˲ȫй
顭
һ˲ˣŵը죬ǽǹɷ֮Źŷ籩Ӷȥ
գۼ䣬Ѿ˹ŷǰ

䴫һͺȣĿԽı䣬гǹ裬İ£ͬһһ㣬Źŷؿ̶ֱȥ
񱩵й䣬ǱǹƣŴ̶촫
ŷ۾΢Уڵͫлһâ΢ƣ˾ֳĽ֮ϡ
ﬡ
˽ŵע£ŷȻνɵĽٲһ㣬Խʿӿŷеľֳǻһ˼Ļȣĳǰȥ

ײ֮𣬽һǹǱŷ׸񵲶
졣
һ޹ǹٱ䣬һɹɫӿ뵽еĳǹ֮ϡ
ǹӰȻڽǰۣһǹЯǹӰŹŷȥ
أ
ǹӰһ𣬷ǧһ㣬ƺƵ̨һɿ磬졣
ŷɫأǿĸ֪˲̨󣬹ŷ糤һ۹⻡ھֳ֮ǹӰŽΨһһʵʵĳǹȥȻǱ׽ĵʽױ
顭
Ƶײ̨쳹𣬽ǧǹӰʱɢʧһգҲһź浹˳ȥ
һ˿԰ףĿԽСˣʵȫһսܵľ档

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ԴˣɲŲʣųǹǰһĻȣǹңָŷ硣
Ұܰɣ
һѣ¶һĨɭЦݣһɣǹʱֶɡ
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һ£ǹŷΣˡ
ǰһеƣѰص߶һܹ£ǹŷվǸǳ޷ϵȡ
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һеȷǿҪңһ㡣
Ԥ֮еĲͬŷСȻأȴû˿ľţǵһЦ
ߣ˭˵ôһС
ŭһȴٶȱǣңңһӣʱ䣬ǹٶٶȱǣ׷Ǹһ㣬Źŷ缤ȥ
ŷɫƽ񱩵һ˲ޱڱӿȫעеľֳ֮ϡ
͡
ŹŷĹעֳϣʱһŴ۵ɫâ󣬹ŷһֳͳŽĳǹȥ
ʱ䣬ɫһţͬЯſ͵ƣųǹȥ
գۼ䣬һһâѾڰȻײ
顭
Ƶײ̨֮쳹䣬һɹɿ񱩵ľԹŷΪģŲ֮̋ϵʯǸƷһ㡣
˻˭Ӯˣ
ȺУһƬŷɳʯ̨һʱǺ棬ҪĽ˭ʤһ



028 ھսУ
ŵŵš
̨֮ϣһӰų˿һգʧ̨¶һŲ԰׵ס

Ȼǽˣ
ȺУ˿ǵ̨ʱʱ̲סľû뵽ոտƻռϷĽȻ˲伱תֱ£˱
һϲҳηϵĵӣʱʧǧҶˣһϲ⣬ӣСɣ㵸Ͳվԭˡ
̨֮ϣ̳ɢ¶һݵȴֱǹӰȻǹŷ硣
̨ŷʤ
пһѾǱƻĲӵ̨һ˿𾪣
ҮŴ磨ʦܣġ
ŲеǧҶڶӶʱһ󻶺֮ŷʤõǼҪĴģٶ
ڵϵĽЩŭĿһ緢Ĺŷ磬ŭһȥ
Ǳ뿪Ľŷ絭ҡҡͷתһ˲¶ԹޣŷȻܹ
ֻһ䲻ˣʲôɾͣĵˣûʲôµģ硣
顭
һ죬˵Ŀɹ˹ȥŷ磬ҲתԱߵĶ̨֮ϡ
ֻԴһ˫ȭͷͬųȵĻһ㣬ڰµӰȵˣ̨ĿǷ˽ơ
Ķƽ˼֣ԴĻȭ֮£ֻʣǱķݶʱ䲻󣬱ǱԴץסᣬһǫ̃̄
Դսʤƽʱһ̨ϵĳͨͬǻʤ
ŷĿһɨüͷ΢΢壬ˣصʵҶ似գҲǵ˼ߵĳ̶ȣǺϣ˭ʤ˭治˵
ȻŷصʱͻɱһصĽٷˣǸٷصʵǷڣֻ֮ǰĺԶϣҪ˵Դͨٮٮˡ
ŷ絹Ҳ̫ģ⼸˵ʵȻͣԼͬصĵƣЩƣõΪʤ
һֵȫŷ磬ͨԴʤÿ˻֣ǵ֣֡
棬ڶֱʼһ̨Էƽ
̨ʫ׮졣
̨½ǧ㡣
ŴϵڶֵıҲٶȿʼڶֵıֻж̨ʫ׮սЩΪ˽ʵصʵ
һ̨̨ûκεǽصʵĶַƽصʵ
̨һ̨̨ܿͷֳʤ½ǧһȭ似ޱȣһȭȥǧ
Ķ㼸ǱѹŴڳʮȭ֮ҲܲסѪ˳ȥ
ǰԵһֵޱȣƽʵʵȴӲһӲ£Ǳ̨
̨ЩͷͺȲ֮˷ò֡
ʫ׮춼صʵʵ൱׮ľԣ似ҲóԾƶʫĽ಻֮У͸ɱ
һһ⽣ӰǴúò֣֮ʫץסԷһǿӮⳡ
ˣʮУѾʮ˲μ˱˻֣˻֡
ݵϢ󣬵ֵıʽʼ
һΣһ̨ǹŷս壬̨ԭսԴ̨½ǧս׮졣
ʵͽ࣬ʱϹŷ磬Щڻ֮󣬷Ǽչ˹ơ
ıһޣڻİ£һһ㣬ϴ˷ŷ硣
ŷѡԾƶ׽Ϊǿ֪ŷ缸ܹ˲֪޵ڡ
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ǻ֮УһӰʯһԭأǻʴҲǲҡ
ֻŷǻӽǽıӰһľƽ⣬ͥɢһ㣬޾֮С
ڹŷͷƽַǷʱ򣬶̨ԭԴҲݱĴսš
ԭľصʵһ׷似ʩչǵˮ¶ƾԴһ˫ȭιҲǺˡ
һζķرϾϲߣ˶ս˰֮ԭڻһʱ¶һ
ԴλŹᣬչ಻Ĺһٽԭѹƣ̨Ӯⳡ
Դԭս֮½ǧ׮Ҳǽս½ǧһ˫ȭǧ׮ȻóԾƶ½ǧӲӲĴ򷨣Լһʼ׮ͱѹţֱ󱻴һ첲˱
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˾ͽҡͷһЦҲԣŷˣ֮͸򵥵ġ


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ֻŷڽ½ǧһʱȻνֳϣɫâһţͬһһ㣬½ǧعƣݺݵشȭͷ֮ϡ

ײȴŽŷһ½ǧȭͷȴֻһɫӡۣ֮еƤûг֡
ŷȻûƿ½ǧƤ⣬ȴҲõ½ǧ籩һĹ˶ݵĿȱ
½ǧȭͷʹ̲סһɫҲʱ׵ŷѲҲеľ

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ȻսδʼȴѾڲ²ţ˭ܶڣŷ硢ԴԼλһֱʤĵӣζڵѡ
УѣϾ𲻵ƵӣôೡսУһֱֵķǳҫۣһ־ĵδжܹһ˵սǶΪھѡҲ޿ɺǡ
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ԴŷѾһŵ˽⣬һȭ似Ѿ࣬ǻĹԣõԴսʱʮ㡣
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ڴ֮ʣ̨ϵˣҲչ˻ȵĽ档
Դɫͬըҩһŵը죬ˣѾǳųͨӶȥΪжѸ٣õԴһŻӰһ㡣
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쳹ͨͬڵһ㳯̨֮µһѪص˵ϡ
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032 սԴ
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Ҳԣɫӿ۵ȭͷ֮ϣһɵѹڳֿ


033 һܵ
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⵹ΪŷʵУҪԴһȭƣ˵Ӿʵ̫ǿҲΨֱ˺ѳյһſԱ⡣

˸ԷԼʱ򣬹ŷȴǳ˿СϵأȻһĨЦȡ
󣬹ŷйâһһƾոֶ󵶳ֵ˲䣬ŷʣҲ֮һ䣬һɰɢ
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ϯλϵˣԭűʤյԴڹŷó󵶵һ˲䣬ɫҲǱ
һ̣ЩȷŷǲǻصˣԣҪĴܹŷ硣
ţԴٻӶȭͷҲԽĿ˼֣ģǴһƷ֮
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ŷԴߣԷһŵĲȻӲ۾£ŷСϻһ΢Ļȡ
䡭
ŹŷĻȣڣҲȻһĺһɹɻֱۣе֮ϻ۶ȥ
ৡ
ŹŷĹעһ޴ĵâǵâ֮ϣ֣һɰԾµƣ֮ϻڶ˲Ƭռ䡣
ǡ
ϯλǰԼλɽĴʦִʦ㣬Щ𺳵ųеһĻ̲סһ˿ء
Ե
󣬴ϻ̾һĿ֮У޾ĸ֮ɫ
λʦִʦҲһۣУŸ̾;塣
ŷֻһˣôϰսʦֵĵ
»̲ס˿ŷ磬ֿ˴ϣʵ
ɣ
һ̾ʧɫһţŷĿУȴǶȻ࣬ᣬڿԼĺһ㡣
༸˼ɫҲǷ׷ױͣԸڴǰõ֮¡
ڴϼ̸ĪĶԻ֮ʱŷԴĶײҲһ
˿̣ԴɫѾǳ׵ΪӮⳡʮþȵģȴû뵽ŷ羹Ȼһĵơ
ǳâԴһϹսĴǵâ֮£ԼСͬһ㡣
˿̣ϣò
ߣװŪƣ
Դ˫Ŀͨ죬䴫һͳĺȭͷҲȻ£Źŷľ޴âȥ
Եһʽɽ
ŷдһȣյȻ£ǳľ޴âҲһ˲֮䣬Դŭնȥ
䣡
񱩵ıը̨֮֮;޴âײ֮䣬һɹɿ񱩵Ϊģӿڴͬʱһ޴ѷ죬Ҳ̨֮Ӷ˲ᴩ̨
顭
һ˲һӰͬߵķһ㣬̨֮⵹˳ȥصڵϣӲʯ棬Ǹҳһ׶Ĵӡ


034 ڣϣ
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ϯλϣƻ˵һĻ̲סĵһ֮УŨŨ𺳡
ǴδһʵһʵļһȻܹ˾޴
⻹
һ̣Ǵ˵Уһͷ
󣬼˵Ŀ⣬̲סͶڵ֮ҳһӵӰϣǾ棡
ȿȿȡ
˵ע֮£ǻѾǱӰҲվҵĶȻǣ˿ڣ̲סľҿѪҺ˳¡
ǱӰ̧ͷ̨ĿУǲʣǲ֮£ڲЩ塣
Դ
ȻԴˣ
ȺУǱӰ̧ͷʱһƬ֮˲õԭЩŵĹ㳡ٶȻ
ϯλǰĿǱԴһۣ󳰷»˵ܶڵǼһҲ
㡭
Դ˱»ѾЩˣʱһʱ߳ŭļ˫۶ݺݵصŽƺ޲ȥݺݵȭŽޡ
ڴˣ»㵨ٴҲΣֻ˼Դѹͷŭ
Ž䲻ȵĵǽйŷļһѧսʦֵİԵԴҲԩǲ֪ǽ᰷ǸǲǹŷĶ֣
ǺǣǹŷȻѧ˰ԵӣҲܹյһжѣĵͬƷ似ȻԵǰףȴѾ˵ڶʽڶҲʩչĻ
ǹŷ磬ɣĵ
ߣô֪ǹŷֻ˵һʽ˵˼Ѿ˵ڶʽأ»ô׵ýóѣµʲõ˵
ٺ٣»㲻ѾˣҪԵĵһʽذɣڶʽҲأǹŷֻصʵôհԵĵڶʽЦ
ߣҲõȱȹ֪֮˵ʹڶʽҲһǹŷĶ֣սʦֵ似ôöԸ𣿡»һҲ֪˵ĲʵʣôܵŽ䡣
ŷȻǲ֪ϯλϣôΪ磬ʱȻսʤԴԼȴͬܡ
ԴһȭȻûкĵâǿ񱩵ķ֮Ҳڳ˲ƣټʩչԵһʽ˲ٵǴʱٺսҪԿ࡭
̨ϵĻҳ価ŷӰҲٶȳǰȻҲǻͷΪǱԴǾҪ̫ˡ
˦˦Щֱۣڲ˱֮󣬹ŷͷؽ̨Ҳ˲ϺСɶ˵ʲôæ۵Ϣ
ԴѾˣʺϲμӽıôϳģҲֻˣʵ֮ǿŷҲᣬУŷѵ״̬սȻĻаʤ
һСʱʱ䣬ڹŷĵϢ֮£ܿѾȥʱһŷ΢յ˫۱Ȼ֮ͫоâ֣Ļһ˿ƣ̬

һŷĿһƳϣԷǡҲǽĿͶսԳȡ
ৡৡ
ͬһʱ䣬˽ǳ̨֮ȥչ䣬ӰٴγʱѾ̨֮ң
òϣȷǿŶĹŷ磬𻺻˵
ŷʼ磬ûΪԷ޶˿ɫЦҲǿ
ˣǾǱȱȿ˭ǿһЩЦһƸɵĵ
䡭
£һӴƱӿһƥսһ㣬ֱ
֮á
ŷͬǴЦһս죬ӿİƣ˿١
ʹ죡ʹ죡
ԼƾȻ˿ѹƹŷ磬ŭЦ񫣬ճĿ⣬һǳڹŷǰͬʱгҲǺ¡
ৡ
һٶȼ죬糤һ㣬Яſ͵Źŷ統ͷδĺâѾõùŷƤ
ŷɫƽ˫ĿεĶĳֱҪ֮ʣ΢΢֮յıܿĳ
͡
һգĵֱų̂ʯɵļӲ棬ʱͬһ
ŷƫư벽гһһĻȣնȥ䣬ǳСǰ
õñæҵһȴǸԶκ谭ֻһûĳǵĵ˹ŷĵǰ档

ײʱײ֮ŻĽҲǸԳ˿ң
ͨʽ޷ֳʤˣˣұóȫˡս˿֮УǿȣŹŷЦ
£һɹɿ񱩵ʱӿ˲佫ȫڽɫİ£Ҳǽڽһɽһ㡣

޿ײѹŷ糤˿ɫһ࣬ڵҲǺޱıŷ
䡭
񱩵һ˲ͽŷ֣ƣҪ˺һ㣬ѹ˲ȫ˻ȥ


035 ڣ£
Ŀ⻺أӿŵ𽥻ۣȫעеĳ֮С
ৡ
ʱ䣬һ޴Ľɫâ𣬷Ҫ˺ѳһ㣬ŷƥơ
Ƴգ
䡭
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ŷĿ⣬̲סһҲ˿ɣڵͬǺޱĳг֮Ϲעȥ

ʱ䣬һ޴âּ䣬һɰԾһеƣڳɢ
Եһʽɽ
䡭
ŹŷȳгҲǻȻ£޴â䣬ͽɫâڰ֮кȻײ
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ıը֮ڳȻ˲䴫㳡񱩵ͬһȦ㣬ȻɢȥΧĳƷɡ
˭Ӯˣ
ϯλ֮ϣ𺳵Ǳ̨̲סʳ
ϯλǰĴϼˣҲһĶֻ̨ʱ̨ҳͿĳ
˼尾ĵȴ֮£ԼһӺ̨ϵ̳価˵ӰҲٶȳС
ֻʱˣҲΪǱ·ѾҲòǿסҪλ˵Ҳһһģлһ
Դˣȴǲ⣬һЦǱһս⣬ȴֺ
ʹ죬ѾþûôʹʹĴһˡ
֧أųҲڲϵĲţ֮Уȴǿ֮ɫһתȻսĺʹ죬һһûʹ֪ܷӵ£
ܷŷһЦ
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ĻۣһȸղŻҪϼֵĵâٶȳڴͬʱһԽѹֵƣڳл
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ϯλϣ˿ǰһĻ𾪵˵û뵽һȻһиʽ
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ʱ䣬Ǿ޴Ľɫâһ㣬˲佫ŷԵСӰû
Ƿǳһŷȴǻ˫ۣС֮ϣĲ
ৡ
һ̣ŷ˫۶ȻڵͫУâֱ̧бָǾ޴Ľɫâ
ŹŷĶڵҲһ̷һ㣬еĳϯȥգ֮䣬ŷڵѾһա
һ˿԰ףŷ˫ȴ󳤵һǳǷµľ޴ɫâȥ
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ŹŷĶһǸղСɫâЯһɻһеĿֲݺݵײĽɫâ
ˡ
һһ޴âȻײһ죬ֲˣӿĳˮһ㣬̨ΪģȻɢȥļ̨ǸƷɶȥ
ŷ˽µ̨ײɲǣֱ׵̮һƬ档
㳡ʱѾѻȸ˶ŴųеһĻ֮УŨŨ𺳡
ǹŷ磬ôܹʹԵĵڶʽ
ϯλǰЩ˼ľôҲ޷ţŷ羹ȻܹʩչԵڶʽ
˵Եĵڶʽصʵǹŷ磬ѵѾصʵˣ֮ǰһֱʵ
뵽ҡҡͷ񶨵ܣǹŷϵƣȻҪһǿҲط롣
顭
ڽľ֮ʣѾ̨̮ϣٶ촫һӰͬڵһ㳯ź浹˳ȥڰ׷˶ʮףصˤ˵ϣԡѪ屾Ŀ
⡭
˿ѾʧȥĿĺӰЩɣЩֲ壬Ӱ˭ˣ
ŷ磿
˭˵Ӱˣ־ǿĶǴ𺳣һ
ܶŵĵӣѾǽ˵˷ܶĿ꣬ҪԽĶ
̨֮Χ̳価һŵӰǰӰҲǺòǱ֮ǸոյɳȥӰֱй֮޲һգͬǺڵĿ屾Ŀ
ɵõʤģ˭
˰ɣ
̨ϵƺ֪е뷨һ㣬վֱ壬תͷŻһԵĲг
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ǹŷ磬ŷӮˣ
ȻǹŷӮˣ
һ̣Ⱥ֮жʱһƬȻǿ̨֮ϵǵӰĿ֮˸Ųͬɫʡ
һ֣ŷʤӦЩٶ۵ĲУʱ
Ү
ȺУŲеʱһƬ֮ǷλȻǧҶڵķСɣһСǵͨ죬ԼӮ˱Ҫˡ
һλʫҲͨ죬Ĵ۾ǳԵĿ̨ϵӰӨС촽ҲǹһĨÿĻȡ
ʫ겢ûע⵽ǣߵǧӣɫȴԽǿŷĿУҲɱһš


036 ѡսƷ
ͣ
峿ŵСԺ֮УһӰƶӰһһ㣬ܵҶȥ
˸䣬ʮƬɿµҶһܹ⣬ȫʳƬпڴƽ羵
ﬡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ʣӰվ¶һףȻǹŷ硣
ѾˣӦõȡʱˡ
ŷһЦȻתطһɾ·֮󣬱ǳŹƷȥ
ʱĽȻѾǹʱ䡣
ʱŷһսʤȡ˹ھνǳ˷ͷŷҲǱ˹ǿ˵ĳƺš
ǵڶͷϡ
ӦԴ˻ڶģڿŷս֮Դѡ䣬ӵ˵
λֱǳͨ½ǧԭ㡢ʫꡢɣз塣
˵ǰʮҲǵȷǻʵÿһСǺ֮ǰͱ̭ĺԶͼ˱ҲЩ࣬Կ쵶һʵͻơ
ŷƷʱ˺ȻѾڴˣ˼ŷ絽΢΢ףǴк
ŷ磡
ʫСŷǰǵסŷһֱۣЦĽһŮöĴһӳ˻
ǺǣСӲȻܹȡǰʮŷЦŹһʫ̵ͦǣȤ
Ҳûйŷ㶼˹ھأʫ꽿ЦһЩĵŷ磬ôİȻôʫǰΪ㵣أ
ҰôžඡŷЦŵ
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ʫ꽿һȴҲټ׷ʹŷôˣ⵹ùŷ˿ȻĻ治֪ôشСѾͷ
òԼҲûʫ٣
ڼ̸䣬ԶһµĴϣҲǻ̤˴żЦĶͦ簡ǲǵȼˣ
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ŷ缸˽΢΢Ŵ
ˣҲûˣЩˡ
ϲİ˰֣һӣʮСƿǷŷˣЦŵǴ˴εĽÿʮ
ŷ缸ԣֽӹСƿĿƶСĵ衣
ż˺ģЦһŵǰ似ԼھıҪԼȥѡڣǰģȥ似ɣˣɢ˰ɣ
䣬ϰ˰֣ȳ˴ȥŷԴԣæŴ׷ȥʫ꼸ˣǷ˸Եɽ塣
Ʒ似󣬱ǧҶ似Ҫ࣬似Ҳ廨ţӦоУƷձ黹͡
ŷԵɨһۣǷ֣似͵ҲƷ似ƷƷ似Ҳࡣ
Ƭʱ䣬ŷѾǷʮƷ似Լʮ౾Ʒ似Ʒ似һûз֡
Ʒ似ڹƷ似ҲǱȽϡе˰ɣ
ŷһ·Ŵϣһ۵Ľǰͣ£ϵĵƷ似ܹʮй似жʮ֣似ʮ֣似ֻ֣ѡʲôԼɣ
䣬ϱ㲻ŷˣߵԶһ
ĿӴƿŷǽЩ似֮ϣĿɿɨ
Ʒ似ɻǹ
Ʒ似ѿȣ
Ʒ似齣
Ʒ似Է

ŹŷĿƶһ似Ҳǿǰ֣֮дģǹ似ͷ似似һûп
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ罫ĿͶһܣѰԼ似
ŷ˴ǴѰһ似ģϾ似Ѿ˱׽ͰԵ似Ѿ㹻ĿǰʹãΨһȱģ似
˴εĻȻȡ˹ھͬģŷҲԼȱ㣬Ǿٶ̫
ǺͺԶսʱǿĸ֪˭ʤ˭治˵պһѲĶ֣ٶϵǷȱĴ
似ǹŷ˴εѡ
ڷ似ͲٹŷĿǷΧУϾսʱȵľǹ죬Ǵ򲻵˻ǰ״
ŷͣͣʱ䲻ʮ౾Ʒ似ͱȫһ飬似Ҳȷͬ˵ֻ屾
󣬹ŷ罫Ŀ궨һΪӰ似ϣⱾ似ľٶȣͨٶȣԻˣ÷ϹŷҪ
ڹŷѡ似֮ԴҲȺѡԼ似ϼ򵥵һǼǣȻˣҪһ֮ڽ似黹֮˱һͬ似
߰ɣڸȥѡɡ
ִԴˣϱǴŹŷ糯ķȥһһ߶ѡ似ͬ似ȷĵȼ֣ûУܹѡʲôҲȫƾԼı¡
ףŷ΢΢˵ͷӦ
ȻˣҾͲ˵ˣϣѡһɣԵ˵ͷҲԣרĴ·
Լ֮󣬹ŷʹһС¥ǰ֮ͣϣ֣ͬһһ㣬͸޾İ
ԼĽȥɣչأǲܺһȥģѡʲôͿԼˡ
ָָǰ棬סѡܹ⿴Ҫģ
ܽˣ
ŷԴϹһ񣬶ȥ
ţֻڣӦøӷʢ˰ɣ
ŹŷıӰϵţ֮УȻ֣ЩӼػᾪĲᡣ
ֻǣϿе˭أ͹ŷʲôĹϵأ
һУ⡣


037 ս׷
Źŷ̤УһɭȻĲʱ޶˶˵ģƤΪ֮һ
ǲţŷ۾һУ֮ͫһƾâ뵽
ֽõùŷиӻһЩһȥ
ܴ󣬱֮似ʮ࣬ǹꪣӦоУָͬСɽһ㣬Ķѷڵϣۻҡ
ŷУͬһ֮Уɭ֮⣬õúЩ
ŷͣͣÿһǰͣƬ̣΢΢ҡͷǰС
ʱ䲻󣬹ŷüͷ̾ȻÿһɢͬĲ۵Ļ޷ֱû
ŷοЦղһʱĹ۲죬ÿһѱ濴һ޷ֱû
뵽ϸղŵŷı˫ۣǰУĵĸÿһϸķֱǵĲ֮ͬ
ŹŷܿģͷһЩϸ΢ĲȻÿɢĲͬȴֻͬЩƻǱֽţĸܵĻͲᷢ֡
ϸ΢ķ֣ŷвһϲŲҲǼӿ࣬ûֱȥ
Ͼ似Ҳֻ֣׽ڽҪ󲢲ߣڵ޵ϳлõһѰ񳤽ʱòϽ
Ǿֻʣ°ԵˣԵΪ̫ԵԵʣԶڵҪҲȽϸߣŷƽʱõ󵶣ʩչһоͱˣںսʱ򣬹ŷӲѴ󵶡
Խ󣬰ԵʽԽڵҪҲԽߣչŷ룬ֻµ˵ʽʱͨ󵶾ѾܲסԵˡ
ԹŷĿǰķȻǳųȥġ
ʱ䣬ڹŷѡ֮пţգۼ䣬ѾȥСʱʱ䣬ŷ磬ȴûһͷ
ѡУõùŷҲһ˿꣬Ϊ˽㣬ŷҲֻǿѹͷķ꣬Ĺ۲ÿһս
ڵĸСʱҪʱ򣬹ŷĲҲͣС֮ϣһ˿ϲ
ˣ
ŷͣһͨڵսǰ棬һ˿ȣһӣǽսνգڶѹг˳
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ŹŷĶڵսʱһԭɭȻĲȻʧȡ֮ǣһƤ۵ķâ
õ
ŷһ̲סһ
ղž͸оڵսЩڲָֻͬоʵ̫ϸ΢ϸ΢ŷҲЩȷǲԼоˡ
ǱŶһѵͷѡѳƺ¶ˡ
ѡʱһ涨Ǿǲ׼κİѣôѡİѡ
Ϊʲôŷղѡ˰죬Ҳûκһԭ򣬲ò˵涨ôһ˿˵ɡ
ѡŷҲͲټսڱ󣬱ǳȥٳʱŷĲһ֪һɨ
ŷ֪ǾػΪ
пһˣǰָŶٸأ͵ˣǻˡ
ŷгʱ򣬴ϻɵ棬ⲻɵùŷ΢΢Щ죡
ôѡ𣿡ŷϵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵ
ţѡˣ
ŷ΢΢ͷЩǵľֹùŷЩɻ󣬲ҲֻǴϿ˹ھϲˣҲͲٶ롣
ѡ˾Уˣͻȥɣаʱ䣬һˣϣܹϿӰ˵
ʱ䣿
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬漴ɻ᲻ǻʮµʱôɰˣ
ǺǣΪһЩʣǰˡ
һЦŵҿԸ㣬εϻΣǾԻ벻ĺô
벻ĺô
ŷиɻˣɻɻҲûм׷ʴϣϾ˵Ļ͸ˡ
ŷȴϵĻμȻܱΪ벻ĺôôһͬ죬ŷܹõԻ;Уһ
ʹϵл֮󣬹ŷ͸˴ϣǧҶϣʱĹŷ磬ѾЩȲҪԼѡеսˡ
Ժ֮Уŷս˫Ŀľâһš
顭
һ˲ŷ綯ˣ񱩵ŵը죬ŷ籾ǳһ˺ϱĴȥ
Եһʽɽ
ŷս߾٣ڵһԵķӵеսע
ৡ
ʱ䣬һ޴ĵâ䣬һɰԾµƣڵâ֮ɢ
ƣ
һ˲ŷ䣬սЯǾ޴âݺݵسŴŭ£һ˲֮䣬ƽôȫû
䡭
ҵײڹŷСԺ쳹һɿ񱩵ͬӿĺһ㣬ɢȥ֮޲һɳʯ
Ƭ֮󣬳䶨ŷӰҲٶֶ
ֻŷɱŻӵʱĶǰǿôѾǳױһƬ棬˵ʬ޴档
ȻǺõ
ŷĿ¶⣬Ѿսʱ̲סһ
ӽ֮Ҿͽ׷ɣս󣬹ŷ˵
ˡ
ʱսһͨһ㣬ϲá
ããã
ŷЦһһ֣¶ʱĵϲá


038 Զױ
ŻĽŷʱٶǿи£ŷȴǽʱ䰲ŵļΪ
죬ŷ缸ǽ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ϰӰ֮ϣӰƷ似Ѷȣ֮ԵҪ࣬ʮʱ䣬ŷӲŶûõһĹŷ磬ҲЩɥɥ֮󣬻ȴǹŷϰ
Ȼ˴󲿷ֵʱϰӰ֮⣬ŷҲżʱ䣬ʩչһ׽ͰԵġ
似ȻŷѾȫգо仰ô˵ţѧˮۣˣ似Ҳһʱ̫ʹõĻҲ
ҹ䣬ŷʮһյĽɣеõԽĻ񾫴
ʵʱ䣬ƽȵĹ˶ʮ֮󣬹ŷСԺӭһλ벻Ŀˡ
Զ
Զ̨֮ϿǺ͹ŷйԼȻ֮ʹһֻǱ󣬹ŷȴһֱûмԶŷ绹ΪԷѾأ
Ŵʱֻһ߱һ̳ӵĺԶŷ֪ԷƺûǸԼ
磬СһٺõȰ
ŷһ߰ѺԶýСݣһߴȤ˵˵ĹϵΪǸԼԵʣ˲١
Զ̳ӷźã˰ֵˣȻе£Իȥһˣһ飬ôʱ䡣
޷پƣʱٳСҲðǣŷЦ
˵ĺãǲ飡ԶһĹŷļ򣬴Ц
һپƣŷͺԶһֱӰȵϣִϺȵ죬Ȼ˶׵ˣһͿһ㣬˵ϵƾܿó
ò˵ǣⶫȷϵҩŷͺԶһͺȣӲǰ˵ĹϵӽΪͶԵʦֵܣ˺ֵܡ
ͣŷͺԶתѣԴдʹõùŷаԷģԺҲôˡ
ԶҲʹԴų׵˹һۣȻͬʱЦ
֮󣬺ԶɫȻһ࣬ȻӻͳһСӣŷ磬˵ʦܣеõһСӣҵĿ쵶ǴⱾСģҲ̫õˣͰ͸ˣϣܹ
⡭̫ˣŷüͷ΢΢һûȥӺԶĶ
ǿСͶԵŸ㣬˾͵ǽˣ㿴֮ٻҡԶɷ˵ĽСŷĻУȻҲȹŷ˵ʲô˹ŷСԺʧˡ
ǡ
źԶıӰŷҡͷʧЦԶƷԣʱͬһ㣬ŷȴһůԷܹôǾ˵İֵܡ
ȻĻԷҲôصĶ͸ˣܹúԶ쵶Ķ룬֪Ƿ
ںԶһֿ쵶ŷҲЩ⶯ֻЩϾǹڶԷܣԹŷ۲Ҳùѯʣû뵽ԶȴֱӸôһݴ
ͷ΢΢ȣŷеСӡ
֮ս
С߸֣ŷĿⶸȻһЩݣû뵽ⱾСӣȻս
սһ˵֣һƺţͨƺţ֪˵ķˡ
ݹŷ֪ܹΪսƺŵģԲᳬһ֮֮ǿߺ֮࣬սƺŵĲļˣɴҲԿսĺǷǳߵˡ
˵ǶԷĸȻҲͷͬ죬ˡ
Ҳùŷ綯ݣԶǷ֮ҲͺȹһξƶѣԷܰôĶɼԶͬ˹ŷ硣
ͷһ˿ȣŷķСӵĵһҳĿ
书޼᲻ݣΨ첻ƣ
ʮ֣ȴ裬ⲻɵùŷܹսˣȻͬ졣
죬Ƕ죬ҪΨ첻ƣҪ۲죬Ӧ죬죬ֿ죬̵ʱ䣬۲ԷѵĹһٽԷ
ŷ¶һ˿ȻɫսʼĶ̫⣬Ȼˣ˵ѡ
Ҫ۲죬Ӧ죬죬ɾͲôˣȻĻԶĿ쵶Ͳôһˡ
ŷ絹ƣǿĸ֪ܹٵҳԷܹһ۲죬ڷӦͼ죬ŷʵҲ̫Ϊű׽ĻķӦͼʵͨˣҪ߳ࡣ
ڳֿ죬ȫǿģŷ絹ġ
ϸŷ緢֣ʺ֮⾳ģֻǰŷûн߽Ҷڸ֪ãҲΪǳģʱսʼǵһéٿĸо
ֻŷ緢֣Լ˿쵶ˣΪԵԵʣŷҪ죬ʵ̫ˣ콣ӦñȽס
ǿѹͷϾϰ콣ͷŷսʼǡ
ǰ漸㣬ɴǳ֮⾳Ȼ֮⾳ַΪ磬Ҫϼѡ
֮⾳һ磬ǿ죬򵥵Ŀ죬쵽޴Ӷܡ
֮⾳ڶ磬ʵ죬νＫط֮⾳ͬˣ쵽¾ǧҪԻ󣬿֮⾳ڶȴǿʵ죬һּöֳļ֮У䷴ӦʱѾˡ
֮⾳磬ƿʵ죬ɽɽˮˮ˿֮⾳ʱ򣬱ףʲôĿˡ
ŷüͷ΢΢壬˵ʵڵģЩ˼ȴ⣬Ҫڶ硣
·ģǱʼ棬ȴһо档
мǣʼߣȫ֮⾳֮ǰĪҪıʼǣ
Ȼսû˵˺ʼǵĺǹŷȴҼˣսͨ죬˵Ȼĵ

ὫСӺϣŷ罫봢֮Уųĳ˿ͨղŵıʼǣŷҲ˽Ҫߵ·Ǿ֮⾳
ҹŷãֻǺıʼǣȻиҪĶֻĿǰܷĶѡ
ѹͷ궯ŷóһѾֳСԺ֮УǿʼսʼеĶϰ˿콣



039 
ʱһζգۼ䣬һµʱٶȻš
ʱȻѾǹȥ˽µʱ䣬ʱУŷʵҲٶͻƣһٴͻƵأһص۷壬ֻһǿԿصľ硣
ʱУŷѧҲǽӰˣչ䣬ԭһӰ
Ȼˣ⻹ǹŷĵطõùŷ˵ǣڿ콣Ҳ̤˵һǿϴﵽ˿֮⾳ĵһ硣
Ҿͱ׽ںϣõñ׽ܣҲٶ˲ֹһΡ
˵ŷʱջ񣬿ν൱޴ģǴʱٺ֣ŷܹ֤㲻κ似Ҳһнշ
͡
ŵСԺ֮УһӰŲչ䣬ԭ¼Ӱ˷ֱ治壬ĸ١
Ӱƶһͬһ㣬ʱӶһɭĻȡ
ৡ
Ȼ䣬ӰһٶһĨ⸡֣羪һ㻮գһŴ֮ϡ
顭
Ƶ죬ľм˺ϱĴΪ֮ݺһǽû봦һڴСӡ
ӰսȻת¶һϤףȻǹŷ硣
žžž
ʱŷȻ˹ƵһӰԺǽ֮һԾ£˹ŷǰȻǺԶ
ʦܣҽսʼǽ㣬ʵȷˣ̶һµʱ䣬Ŀ콣ѾԽ˵ңҪҲҪ˦ˡԶһЦĵ
ǺǣһУöлҪûսʼǣҾͨ죬Ҳ˿콣ŷҡͷЦ
Զᴷһ¹ŷļûĵˣСӣ츳治ҾˣԣʵЩԵļһҪ࣬һ̥
ŷЦʼ磬Ҳ֪ν͡
ˣϹˡ
Զҡҡͷɫһ㣬һҪ飬Ӧ֪ɣ
񣿡
ŷüͷһһ˿Ȼɫν񣬾ŷһЩЩҪŵɣ֮󣬻һЩӦĽ֡
ֻ֣ڿӲͨ൱еĽǮһڹκζ似ҩȵȡ
ȻˣһеǰǣĻ㹻ࡣ
ңЩͬãŵʱҲʹЩ֡
Ϊǿ;ҲЩܻӭһЩѶȽϴ⣬һͻһա
ŷԭЩ۲Щأû뵽˯ͷ
ͷЩȵͬʱŷҲǺʵ磬Īַˣ
Ѿһ񣬲һɲˣҪİæԶͷЦ
ʲô񣿡
ɱһˡ
Ŷɱˣ
ŷüͷһ壬ֵЩ˵ʵزͰɣ

ԶЦһŵЩһһȽϳķ˿ܣҲ֪ʲôԭرţѸĴŪüɹģڷ񣬾˵Ƿ˿죬һ۷ļһһңصʵ
ôûа£
ĻǿԡŷһѣЦ
ٺ٣֪Сû⣬׼һ£Ǽ̳ԶٺһЦ
Ҳûʲô׼ģֱӳɣŷĴõһЩڴ֮УҲĲ׼ʲô
ãǾͳԶ˵ͷǺ͹ŷһͬ˸٣Ȼ㳯ȥ
ڹŷԶûжãηǧӣյϢ
ǧӵķ֮УһµǧӱվڴǰӰǹһӰ
ǹŷѾڣǷ֡
Ƭ֮һӰ˳õ¶ȣƺ½һЩûзվһΪ̫ˡ
ǧüͷ΢΢һ壬ǹŷЩŹֻ֣һԣȴһ˵ݶȡھСﰡ
ҪԳ֣Сͨ죬УҲȻһӰ̽ʵ
ãԸһصļһһ֣Ҳ̫Сˡ
ǧӵҡҡͷӰĺӰһ龳ǿߡ
ǣӰЩȷʵ
ǧû֨ðת˵СȥɣСڵʵʰŷ磬Ѿ㹻
ǣȥš
ӰӦǣӰһתҪȥš
ȵȡ
ǧӻֽס˺ӰŵЩ˿ܴ֪ʲô飿
ŶƺЩ˿ܴϸһʲôۻᣬĿľΪʵӰӦ
ߣ˿վǷ˿ܣѳɴ
ǧӲмЦһֵҲãȵʱ죬ұ㽫ƣܹΪеһ֧
ٺ٣ʥӰ
ˣȥȥ׼ɡ
ǧӻָ˺ӰУɱεı¶Цߺߣŷ簡ŷ磬Ҫ־ֻܹ̫ţֵ̫ɫȻĻٻ治ôͳֶԸ㣬ĳɳ̫ˣԣͱֱˡ



040 ˽ȵǣ
Сڰ֮һƫƧСΪشƧټСϵһЩͨϰգ˷˿֮ܺء
ǽ죬С֮еľǻ̻̲Ϊһķ˿ܣѾų
Щ׼ķ˿ܣЩ粻ֲܿͨգǵĶ֣Ҳֻ׸
˵ˣҲ֪Ҫжˣ
ǰЩ˿޶ȴĺúõģ첻۰
Ҳ֪򳤴˵ίûУܹõЩŷ񣬻ǻһЩ
쵹˼İˣӢ䲻Ҳ֪ûŵĵӡ

¥һŷͺԶһ裬һ̸ͨЩ˵ĶԻŷ˶νһŵ˽⡣
νǹŷҪԸǻ˿ܣ˿ܹλң󵱼ҺͶҽصʵҴ󵱼һص۷壬Ǹҵʵֻ̫صʵ
λҵģʣͨԱһصʵڹŷ˵ʵͨû˿ֱ𣬻ּĨɱЩ˶ͨϰ˵ȴħһ㡣
ʱ䣬ڹŷͺԶ˵ĵȴ֮¿ţգۼ䣬ͣ硣
ˣˡ
¥棬֪˭Ⱥһʱ䣬С̼ҳһţǳԼļȥ󽫴Žرգϣܽ˶ܹһνѡ
˰
ԶеĲˮһһ˿âЦ˵ȻʱĵȴõЩͷˡ
ŷҡҡͷЦҿǻٵȵȰɣЩ˿ȫСҲһ򾡡
ţԶ˵ͷͬ
գգգ
ڹŷͺԶ̸ʱ򣬲¥棬ҲԶવ֪֮˿ܵԲ١
һʮˡ
Զ΢΢ĿƬ̺ٶЦ˵
ˡ
ŷɱⱬȵ֣
ٺ٣ϣЩӳүүԶЦһƿҪһԾ£ȻһȴĶͣ
ǿ컯֮¾ҳף
һ£ӰһԾǰһȻĿŶķ˿ܡ
Ȼǻڵˣ
Զ·ڷ˿ǰӰһ˿ɫĵ
ڣǸƷţ
ŷҲһ̲סĳʵ
ڻڣŷҲ˵һЩţרһЩԵĵӣƽʱ¹ţ˵˲ˣΪԷʵǿ󣬱֮ڻҪʢ֣ǷԲ֮ڣļƷ֮һҲûʲôԸ鷳
ֻû뵽쾹Ȼ˻ڵĵӣƺǵ
˽ȵˣ
ŷУȻӿһͷ
ڹŷͷת䣬ԶҲͷӦǸڣû뵽Ҳִ£ԻһЩԵ·ҿһΣҪ޹ˡ
ӦڵĹϽΧɣΪʲôŷü
·ɣԶҲЩȷĵ
ŷ˵ͷ˵ˣǻȿ˵ɣ
ҲֻˡԶЦӦ
ƿСëûг룬͸үүȥ·˰ɣ
һλľ׳󺺣ڶ˿֮߳λڵĵӣЦ
ߣ֪һСС˿ܣҲڵСүǰҰ
λڵУһλͷ꣬ǰ̤һȵ
ٺ٣үүҹڻˮڣÿȻүүҵĴ󵶣ɲˡ׳Ц
ߣɱ
Ϊ׵ɫһɱȻǣһȳǾ׳˹ȥ
٣ëСվүүҵĵ֮
׳ЦһһģǳŻڵ˹ȥָۣһȭֱԷȥ
ߣĹʽ
ǻһĨм䳤˲ʣһһĨǳž׳󺺵ȥ
ٺ٣ӣ
׳Цһȥȭͷ˲ջأɵıܿ˶ԷĨ⣬һãɨȥ
û뵽󺺱оȻ֮죬ִ֮£ֻý䣬ĵ¾׳󺺵һȡ
ٺ٣Сӣүү㻹˵
ۿž׳󺺵һȽҪϣȻ䣬׳󺺷һЦѸ׵һȣӲ˻ȥȭͷٶȺ˺޷ؿ֮ϡ
顭
񱩵ؿը죬һ˲֮䣬õϸֳһĨ԰ף֮УҲһ˿
ëҴСүңҪ
һĨգ䴫һҰްĵͺ˫ĿͨĶž׳󺺡
ǵһΣһһֱķ˿ˣõһӵôܹܣ
䡭
δ£񱩵ӿǿƣõµĵ棬Ѷ

һгȻڻɫ£ͬһһ㣬ž׳󺺵ĲӴȥ
ٺ٣Сëƾ㱾¾ɱүүңΣ
׳Цһû˿𾪣ڵһ磬ǳƮ˶α֮ʣһɱ껹ҪƣȻڱ
䡭
񱩵ƣͬһ㣬˲佫Ƹ󺺵ȭͷһһͬһǿһ㣬ֱ
͡
ɫɿȭͷ֮ӿգۼ䣬ͽȭͷͬʯһ㣬صĻ泤֮ϡ


041 ŷ
顭
Ƶײ֮ϣڲĽֵ֮쳹Ӱͬڵһ㵹ص˲Զһ֮ϡ
Фʦ֣
һ꣬ǿеФʦ־Ȼ׳һȭɣʱ־ŭæԣ
ȿȡ
ФʦɫһƬҰܣٴο׳󺺵ĿУѾһĨȻ㾹Ȼصʵ
үүȷصʵ
׳󺺿ЦһŵүүһֱʵΪ˶ԸЩƨŵӣٺ٣һɱһүүɱһ˫
϶һ֣⼸Сʰˣ
׳󺺻ͷ󱬺һԼѾٶȱӶ˳˹ȥ
ž׳󺺵ıȣ˿֮ӰӶЯɷ֮Χ˹ȥ
ѾǵĶ֣һܣԮ
굹Ҳϣһ˲֮´Ҳصĵ˵ͷǳ˿ӭȥѰܵĻᡣ
飡
һ˲䣬ֵ֮ϲ쳹񱩵ʯֵƻĵǿӿݡ
еУΪ׵꣬صʵһصʵȻϲ˿һǶԷҪ£Ҳһʱ֮
ŷ磬ҪҪ֣ڳֵĻϻڵˣһٽ˿ܼ𣡡
Žֵ֮ϱĴսԶ촽Źŷʵ
ŷ۾Ҳһգգע·սƬ֮ҡҡͷףڳȥ˻᲻ֻһǵǺͷ˿ܾ֮ʣٷҧһھ鷳ˡ
ðգ˶ķ˿һЩȻսʱҲʡһЩ
ٺ٣ûСҲͦյİԶ˵ͷ󻰷һת
Ǻǡ
ŷһЦûж˵ʲôŷΪԼʲôˣǶְԵţŷԵ±Թԣڻ˵ŷɲ⡣
顭
ڹŷͺԶ̸ʱ򣬽ֵ֮ϣҲٶȴһ죬ֻλФʦվǲо׳󺺣ս˼ʮغ֮󣬱һȭؿ֮ϣѪ˳ȥ
Фʦ֣
Фʦֵܣõʱһ֣ǵĶôŹĻᣬӴ˹ȣƬ̣˵Ͼͳƣѳɶ֡
ȻƬ̣Ҳͬˣص˵ϣһϢ
ٺ٣ɱˡ
׳Цһһӣ˵ˡ
ڵ˽֮󣬾׳ٶҪǰУȻʱһõþ׳󺺵ɫ׵
󵨷˿ܣ
£ӰԶ¥һȴ֮һԾ˷˿ǰˣȻǹŷˡ
Ȼ֪Ķ϶һͽˣ
׳ɱΣڼŷ˵ʵصʱ򣬱ʧȥ˳ֵȤ϶֡
ھ׳󺺵УŷӵܣʵĿͲֵ֣ⲻ֪Ϊ׳󺺵һʱõֵǣȫû
ǣ磡
϶ӦһٶȴһԾ£ͳŹŷͺԶ˹ȥ
սپ
ŷĶԺԶ˵ͷһǳŷ˿ܵĶҳȥԶǳҳ˹ȥ
Сӣȥɣ
϶ճӿ䣬һŹŷնȥ
ߣ㡣
ŷһӰ˲ʩչԭһӰıѾ϶
͡
âһŷ룬ȻϵЦ⻹δȫɢٶ֮ͫУһ˿֡
Ӱ
һŷԭصĲӰ飬Ҳû˿ϲãһöٶȣڵ²Ӱ
ٺ٣ϲˣû
ŷЦԶͷƤΪ֮һ飬۽ƳһĨէ֣󣬶ֻǰһڣһͷԵ˵ϣò
һλʵķ˿ܣɱŷһɱǹŷʵ̫ǿǶԷ̫С
͡
ڹŷһҽ֮󣬺ԶҲһҵĺ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ŷ˽ҺҽҲֻһжѣԵ󵱼ҵķӦʱλֵѾ촦
϶
󵱼ҵĿѣһűɷӣʱ˶ʳһ㡣
Ҫ
󵱼ҵ쳤ɺĿ⣬ͬѪһ㣬ڹŷϡ
顭
һģǳŹŷ˱ӶΪµĿһ֮£һѪ⡣
ߣӯķ˿ܣ๼
ŷɫ䵭˿ܴ󵱼ҵӰ죬תͷԺԶ˵磬ȥʰʣЩ˿ܣһԸ
ãСġ
Զ֪ŷսҲ̫ģһ֮󣬱ǳʣЩ˿ܳȥ
Сүүȥ
Զ󵱼ҵŭһһתһȭźԶȥ
ٺ٣Ķҡ
ŷЦһӰ˲չԭһӰı壬Ѿ˴󵱼ҵǰԷһȭ¡


042 ɱ
С飬үүҶҪƤʬΡ
ŷ£󵱼Ҷʱŭһ˫ѪĿӵͨ죬ͬҪѪһ㣬УǷĺ⡣
䡭
Ŵ󵱼ŭصʵҲǺޱչֶ񱩵һʱɳʯĩ
ɣ
ݱպϼ䣬һͷƤĵͺ𣬴󵱼ȭͷһһȻͬһֱ
񱩵Ҳһ˲䳯Ŵ󵱼ҵȭͷ֮ϲƶȥת˲֮䣬ͽȭͷһʯ
ɽȭ
֮ѪⱩǣ󵱼ҵȭͷҲǺȻ£ŹŷԴȥͫУǲ֮ɫ
ﬡ
Ŵ󵱼һȭƣŷҲ΢΢أǰں֮ϵ׷ս˲ʣʱ䣬һɺɢ
Եһʽɽ
ŷﴫһȣڵͬˮһ㳯׷սעһ̣һ޴â䣬һɰԾµڶ
䡭
һ˲ŷ䣬޴âЯһеƣŴ󵱼ҵȭͷŭնȥ
С飬үүң㻹񣡡
󵱼ҿŷҪһеĵѪҲһ˿أʼĴ߶ڵһɹɵȫȭͷ֮ӿȥ
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ʱ䣬Ŵ󵱼ҵĽ߶ʯһȭͷȻǷһصʯһ㡣
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֮ҲҶΥȻĻʷҪˡ

ʱ䣬գۼ̫֮ʣϳ֮Уķ˿ܣڴ˼Ĵ֮С
ϳһƬΪ޴ĸԺмɽˮﻨ㣬֮ŷĹżҴԺǷֺһ㣬ǿùŷ簵զࡣ
ŷͺԶʱѾǾۼ˾ʮˣһ죬һͬص㣬ǾǴǴ³
ϾЩһﶼˣͣҲѸĵǹɷԣܹԼѾǷǳˡ
ŷһߺͺԶ̸ûӪĻ⣬һ䣬˵̸ò˵̶һʱ䣬һЩСջ
Щ˿̸ܵУŷ֪һαΪ˹ͬȥ̽һĹѨݼ˵ĹѨˣǰһλԪǿߡ
ԪǿߣڵĹŷ˵൱ǿģϾѾΪǿĸףҲ鵤֮ѡ
Ԫǿߣһܣŷ޷
ԪǿߵĹѨȻڹŷҲһԽľãһμ룬Щ⡣
Ͼ˺ö˭Ը޹ʵķ׳ν³ľٶǼΪģⲻɵùŷиӾ
ڶ˿һãΪ̵ļ󵱼ңҲʱ¶ˡ
Ĵ󵱼ңһλԼʮˣȻݣ׺ƣȴһ㲻Ҫȵѹסһͷ
ɨ䣬һĸо
ڴ󵱼ŵҲಽĸţǺڶ˿ܵı뺷Ƹ룬ôһֺȺĸо
ǺǣλͬκĳҰ
λ֮ϣ˶·˹һЦ˴δλκĳʵбǸνΪ˱Ǹ⣬˴β۳ɹλܵõʮҵĳ͡
κ󵱼ҿˣܹˣҲҰ
ǰǰ
ԪǿߵĹѨǼֵģܹ֮Ҳմ˼ĹⰡ
κĻ£ڶ˿УżƨȻ⼸Ƕκͨˡ
ˣԹۣûмŷʲôϾҶɵӣ˭Ҳżƽ޹ʵĸҺô
Щ䵭κҲϣЦȻˣ˴λأȻҲλ
Ȼ
Ⱥ֮Уŷа̾һ֪ܻôģƽ޹ʵĹôҪϢ
ϵɫκȴһЦȴЦԪĹѨУؽƼ࣬ҼԶԶ޷ƳЩƣκξһƳơ
ֻҪƳ˽ƣĶԵߵ֮ǼԤ󻹻ÿʮң֪Σ
䣬κĿһۣԹԵĺ˲ˮû˿ı顣
κǼĴ󵱼ңĻǲ򵥰ŷ翴һеκаһ
κЩ˸޷ܾϾ⿴ûʲôΣյĻܹõһʲ롣
ҪǣǿɶǶԪǿߵĹѨΪĸȤϾԪǿ߾óһ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
κ󵱼ңĳͬˡ
ĳҲͬˡ
Ҳͬˡ
Ȼûжʱ䣬һЩ಻סļһͬκõκޱϣĵһĨЦ⡣


047 ǿĺ
Ȼλûʲô飬ǽϣһͬǰĹء
κЦһ󻰷һת¹ϵش󣬻λҪϢй¶ȥȻŵĸԤǹƾͲʲôջˡ
κ󵱼ҷģִ磬ǻеġ
κ󵱼ͷİɡ
Ǿؿƿ
κҪ˵ҲûͬȻŷΪ鲻ô򵥣Ϊ˻ˮ㣬Ȼʱӡ
̸ˣκԸˣ׼˷ḻţԼ뿪˴æȥ׼ˡ

գۼ䣬ѾϣˣҲȫ׼׵κһ֮£ƺƵĳĹѨڵȥ
ԪǿĹѨڻҳУھ໳ҳʮһɽ֮УΪشƧҹ·Եûоκˡ
һߵķɱ֮£ǰСʱ˾ѾǴɽ꣬ɽ겻Ǻܴܹһٶλ˿ܣѾǼΪǿ
ɽ棬һĶڣΪɫ̫Եǿ̫ľ󣬲ŶΧһȻⶴǸոڿûжá
λǸھͨĹѨˣҼͷɣκڶڸǰͣ£˹˹֣
鷳κ󵱼ˡ
˽ǹָлκĴ˾٣õһЩԭнĵķ˿ܣĵط˲١
ŷУȴӵľˣΪ֪ǿԵʣŷǾã棬²κ˵ǰ򵥡
ߣ
ŷе뷨κȻǲ֪λķ˿ܻ˻֣ǵһԾǶ֮С
Ҳߡ
κͼɽķ˿һۣҲȫŶ֮ԾȥƬ̣һٶ˾ѾȫȥԭأֻʣŷͺԶˡ
ٺ٣Ҳ߰ɡ
ŷٺһЦǺͺԶһ˶Ѩ֮С
Ѩ̫Լʮ׵ӣ˶ѨײһͨͨͨĹѨġ
ŷͺԶҲɣӰһǳ֮ͨȥ
ԼʮӺͨȻʣǰһȽϿĴκһڷ˿ܣҲͣ
ŷ˳ȺŴǰȥֻڴǰһ̳ģĸ̨ڸ̨ϣǾһӰ
һλЩݵߣƤͬƤһ㣬֮ͫлһ˿ǻΪͷһأ
֡
ڹŷ翴ߵһ˲䣬͸оһֲĸ֣Ȼ߽εļãȴӹŷǿĸ֪
˽䱸ŷźԶ䣬źۼ˺һЩоκⶼܼʱ֮ܵͣ
ŷɽıţڵͬһ㣬ϵӿţֻҪһ춯ŷ綼ܵһʱת
ڹŷ簵Խ䱸ʱκҲǻĿˡ
λλǰǼؽĸ֣λǰƳƵĿԣҪ߳ˡ
ԭˡ
κ󵱼ܵ
˾һʧˡ
κ˵ԷȴȻ֪ǴʱˣѾ˱С
ٺ٣ҪϷҲǲС
߻̧ͷɭȻĿϻɨֻ񣬾ëȻĸо
߻һתҲҪǵһЩ
ȺУֻǽһЩʱ΢΢˿ֻҪҪǵǾνˡ
ǰ˵޷
еģһġ
£ڶ˿ӦСһжԵ΢ΪǸոմϣܵвȻĻЩѪļһҲô׵ľͷˡ
ٺ٣ÿ˶УϷòô࣬ʮ˵ѪҺѾ㹻ƿˡɭȻЦ
ʲôѪҺ
ڶ˿нһһͷзӿ
ӡ
һ̣ڶ˿Ҳ˲׷չΣʱķӴܶȥһʱ֮䣬һš
ٺ٣ˣӲˡ
ɭȻһЦҲһȫ۳ɵľ޴ӡƾոֶһռ䶼ѹȲѵĲڶ˿֮кȻ¡
ǿߣ
ŷͫ΢΢һǺȻµľ޴ӡﲻ˼ľ
龳ĸֺĲǣǿѾǿԲκ似۳Σ۳̶ȣԶԶƾ似ܹġ
۵ǸӡȻֻƣûдﵽƵĳ̶ȣӦֻǾǿߡ
龵ʵֻһͳƣھ龵У磬ֱΪξԼ龳
ÿ磬ַΪڡڡȼߣȻǴھξڽ׶ΣȻĻϢͲᱻŷ緢ˡ
ʱɴСıӡҲǳ˺ݺѹ¡
䡭
ž޴ӡ£ƺΪ֮һ񱩵ͬˮһ㣬ɢ˳ȥһЩýĵùǱನɨУѪ˳ȥ
Щӡеļһһ˲֮䣬ͱһѪ⣬Ρ
˻ֲ֣
ŷͺԶһ֮¾ɱ˶ʮ˵ľ޴ӡʱ̲סĵһ֮УԼҡ
֮ǰѾ׼ýԶûܵʲôȻĻҲù
ʱҪӳȥǲˣȻôǾһ׼һУͲܵĻᡣ

ȻһЩҶ˴ӡļһڸոմܳ˲䣬ͱһĪĹɱ
ֽõЩҪܵļһʱеͷһ˻ԭأŭӵĿκͺߡ


048 ׳
κĪҪ̫ǸϾɱʲôô
ʱǾɵҲ׹ˣһУκ˵ǼıǺߣҲǺκһġ
λ԰ꡣ
ڶɫָκȴǺ⣬ǴЦһκĳ˲ҪϾɱ֮ҲΪ˴Һá
ϾҪƳƣ͵Ҫʮ˵ѪûһˣҶܡ
⡭
һʱЩɣȻǾκҲ˵˭֪᲻ỹҪɱˣ
һһΣпܾԼԣЩκĻˡ
˳ɵı飬κ΢΢һЦҵĵףұ֤ٷˣϾЩѪҺѾ㹻ƿơ
ңôˣڴҽжǺаģϾһˣһߣϻҾͲ˵ˣԸҵģǾ͵ǰƿ֮󣬸һĹѨԸģҲǿԼɣ
֮κҲȥˣǾȴź
Ȼκ˵ԼⲻȥҲȥȥҲȥϾ˭ҲǸֲĺˡ
ŷͺԶվ䣬Թ۵ĿһУʱѾûãԹŷҲȴڣʱ䶼˷ں֮ϣ취ôط
ʱŷѾǲȥĹѨеıˣܹ뿪ҪģҹŷҲЩɣﵽǲԪǿߵĹѨˡ
ǣǸֲĺߣҲõʲôöɱھͲˡ
ŷ磬˵ǽô죿ԶȻҲ״ǰĴ̲סĵŹŷѯʵ
Цҡҡͷŷ罫ѹüͣĿǰ߲ˣҲֻһһˣ룬Ƚƿ֮ҿܻһ
Ҳֻˡ
ԶͬǿЦһ˭û뵽һСС˾ۻᣬȻôһı
ԪǿߵĹѨصľθ֣һ߻ıļһеһУò˵ѾԶԶĳǶ˵ϡ
䡭
ڹŷͺԶ̸ʱУȻ˳Ƶ죬õǾҵҡƺʱ̮һ㡣
߾ƣ
ʱһֱڼ̳֮ϵĺߣȻһȻմĽһۻҵӡᣬ󣬺һģһƴСıӡƾջۣ˼̳֮С
¡¡
ӡĴ룬涼Ǿҵһһ޴ѷ죬˺Ѷһɭ˹Ϣѷ֮Ӷѷ֮£ʲôһ㡣
ৡ
һ̣һɫͬһ㣬ѷ֮гֱʣǺɫУɺĿ⣬ɨһۣȻһۣȴ˸ܵв
ˡ
ȻǺɫҪͷ֮ʱ֮ٶȴһһֱ۴ϸԼ̳·ݺݵĺǵɫ֮ϡ
ˡ
Ƶײ֮һȦɢǺ׵壬ֱ֮£Ƶõ˳ȥһѪײڴǽ֮ϣͣ
ں״ѾϾȥעˣʱ˵Ŀ⣬ŷͺԶͺɫ֮ϡ
ֻУɫʱͬһ㣬һۿɼٶţǼϳͷǲɵͣƺЩµĳż̳֮˻ȥ
Ҳʰ׵ۣһ죬һؼյġ
źɫٶؼ̳ģһ䲻ʵֻţг˹ŷ֮⣬һܹ
ǺɫУȻһˣʲôˣƺһȺͨ˰
ŷ۾Ǽ̳ȴͷתղһУʵ̫˼ǸƺǱһ׵۵ġ
׵˭Ǻɫ֮е˭У˭
һеķչѾ𽥵ĳ˹ŷǸղͺɫɲǣܣͲһǿܹӵеġ
ŷ磬㿴
ڹŷЩͷʱ򣬺ԶҲ𣬹ŷ˳źԶĿһʱһ
ף
ֻڼ̳֮ϣԭļ̳Ѿ״ݻٳһѷ棬ȡ֮ȷһСĳӣֻǳУŵȴˮ
ĪǣղһǴ׳֮зɳȥģŷ뵽
һ̣ǹŷ磬˶ǰľ˵Ǹոǵɫܹͬ˵һ㣬⿴ëȻ
һʱ䣬㿴㣬ǲ֪ˣΪ췢飬ʵ̫˼ˡ
ȿȡ
ʱǱƷɵĺߣҲǲΡΡվǰһƬѪȻոձ˵Ĳᡣ
ĿĿһ׳أֽĿͶˣбɭȻĺ⣬ڵǣ׳أ֮ոɾ
ʲô
ߵĻŵ꾡ðո֮ǿǿֻನͽξĺ߸ˣʵ˵׳ˣ㰤һ˿ನҲȻĲ
ôĪǲԸ⣿
ɭȻһЦĿ֮޲׷׵ͷӡ
ߣȻǲԸ⣬ǾϷͰɣ
ŭһ漴һӣһλ뺷Ĵ󺺣ǱһָŶ׳֮С
͡
ȻǱ뺷󺺵ոս׳أҽжǱһѷĩ
˻
һĻУŵû겻壬һЩС֮ˣֱŵôСʧһʱ䣬֮У졣
ߣûõķ
ŭһ漴ɭȻĿ⣬һϣ˼Ŀֱŵιȥˡ
Ҳֱǽ䶪׳֮Уȴһ޶ֱӱһѷĩ
Դˣֻ߽΢΢ƳƳ죬ͽĿһϣˣǹŷߵĺԶ


049 ׳
ɭȻĿⶢţԶ˲ͽеȭͷΪ̫󣬶ţ֮Уһ˿ɱӡ
磬Ҫ嶯
ŷԶ䣬΢΢ҡҡͷǰ̤һԶɣ
ŷ硭
Զһг˵֮⣬ֻʣ¸жˣû뵽ŷ羹ȻԸΣѵĹͷվȥ
ӵúԶⲻȥЩĵҪɵ£ˣǺƴˡ
Ӳƴֻ·һ죬׳أһҪˣҾԡŷ˵
ǣ֮ͲܹġԶ
һ԰ɣҸأŷЦ˵һ䣬׳ȥ
ŷ磬ģǽˣҺԶƴҲϹùŹŷͦεıӰԶкݺݵطġ
ŹŷһһĿ׳أҲֱģϾ֮ովѾʶˣǿֲ
ҪĥĥģϷģ޵ģ
ŹŷЩĲ߲͵ĺߺһת䣬һɭȻ֮ɫ¶
ŷοЦһݣһԽǳ׳ؼӶȥһ̣׳֮С
͡
Źŷ׳أżֱ۴ϸŹŷƶȥǿĵһ˲ùŷ壬һƬڡ
õúԶ˿ǣȻʱĹŷͬһս̼ˣȴû֮ǰһֱӱɻҽҹŷڣһ˿΢ϢǾ˵ŷ绹û
ҲЩĿһƬڵĹŷ磬ɭȻУ˿˿ɱ⴫

׳صĹŷ磬̲סķһҽУһ˲䣬ֻȫͬ˺ѳһ㣬ʹͲκܹܵġ
Щʹͬˮһ㣬ϵϮԺ񾭣õùŷˣǴһּʵ״̬֮С
䡭
һ֮ŷһƤֱӱ˻ҽŷҲ޴ʹ֮£׵˻֮УԺ֮вΨһһ˿Ҳɢȥ
䣡
һ֮ϳŹŷϺȥԽκ˻ɻҽǿܣڹŷϣȴֻܻٵһƤ⡣
ûܲסǶడ̶̵һʱ䣬ѾٵʱĹŷ磬ҲѾǲ壬ûһطõģǿӿݣ֮ϣҲһѺ۸֣ȥֲ
ԶȭͷţָѾǶƤ⣬һ˫ҲѾѪͨ졣
ԶΨһһ˿Ǹŷ绹ûڻƴʱ
ֻǣԶΨһһ˿ǣҲŹŷϢԽԽĴȹŷϢȫ޵һ̣ǺԶױһ̡
ֻ˭֪ڹŷ履ݲеʱڣͬ˼ı仯
澭Զתţתٶȣ֮ŷתʱ򣬶Ҫʮֹһɹ쳣ӿڡ
ҸصǣŷһֱûʲôǣʱҲڻķű仯һֵķģϻ۶һһĪĴġ
ĵۣһԽصĲʼڹŷӶ
ꡭ
һĺ£ŷһʼ飬ʱȫµƤ⣬Ѿǳ׵ʧˣֻʣһ߳ĹǼܡ
ֻ˾ǣˣŷϢȻûȫʧȻѾǼΪĵȴʵʵĴڡ
ʱ˽ŵע£ٵţȻڶ˿ܣ͹ŷûκιϵһ̣е˶ϣŷȥΪĻҲͿܻᱣסһˡ
䣡
׳֮Уǲ촫ֻ˭ûע⵽ǣ׳֮еҲȻļš
ʱĹŷ磬Ѿܽйŷˣȫ£ûһõĵطͷǱըѶ
ǸҵģõΧЩۿˣЩֱӡ
Ȼ˭ûз֣ĲϺ£ŷĹϣǽķһ˿Өɫ󣬷ǹͷУһ˿˿֮ʡ
ŷϢҲڴʱ𽥱û
ʱţʱѾǳľˣɴһЩԭ
ȻˣȴһգգĶ׳أ׳֮еǾ߹ǼܣˣȻǺԶͺߡ
ʱĺԶѾ侲ŷȻܹͦסôʱ䣬Ǿ˵ӦòжôΣգ⵹õУĵ˿
ɭȻУɱȴŨҪŷȥ׳еĻʹӳȥһưѹŷˡ
ϾŷķѾЩƿأҶ֮һ˿η塣
䡭
ʱ׳֮ȴǺȻһɹ֮ϵĳŹŷ۶ȥȻõ˲ǣһΣЩȴûڹŷϱըͬҺһ㣬˹ŷϡ
ֻգ֮䣬׳֮ʣ֮ȫ۵˹ŷϣŷ壬Ǹ˽ȥͬһöһ㡣
֮еĹŷ磬ʱҲڷž޴ı仯ԭЩѵĹͷʱȻ漣Ĳϣգ֮䣬ѾһĹǼܡ
Щ˼һᾪȵĺϲ£죬˴ʱŷ߹Ǽܣֱ̫ˣתͬһ㡣
ŹǼȫϣһ˿˿Ѫ⿪ʼѪܣǾȻƤ⣬ԼʱңһȱĹŷ磬ٶγˣ˭ӵ͸۵Ļͻ֣ᷢŷѪ֮ŵĲѪ
仯ķŷҲǽغڡءغڡ
ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬹ŷƾʹغ۷壬һͿԿء
ʵٶȣֱҪࡣ


050 ׵۴
ŷٶ֮ʣ֣ԼһƬĿռ֮У֮˵죬Ϊռ䣬ɵġ
ɽɽˮˮ
𣿡
ŷͷһԼõ壬Цһ̾վûͦסҲ֪ûΣա
Сһûʱһϵڹŷ
˭
ŷһĿܺһɨӣģû˵Ӱ
ѵҳֻˣŷЦҡҡͷԼ̫С
Сһûгֻϵٶ
ŷһԷöôǿʵ㰡ѵԷˣԼΪ˲ģԿ϶ͥˣŻɵġ
뵽ԼѾȥˣҲûʲôµģԱ׳ŵʵǰˣΪβһ
ðɣ
ϵһЦŷֻǰһһΰӰȻ˹ŷǰ
Ӱ׶ߣѹһ˫۾ͬһ㣬ǿһۣû顣
ڹŷӵʱ򣬶ԷҲЦųŷ˵ͷʵǲ룬˭
ǰܹ֪ŷ΢΢˵ͷ
ʱǨҵʵ֣Ѿǵˣһƺţ׵ۣЩп̾
׵ۣ
ŷ΢΢һΪΪţضͨ쳹֮ܣĻҲҪ˰Եĳƺˡ
ŹŷеȻ֮ɫȴ΢΢ҡͷһƺţ֮ˣһѾȥǧ֮ˣ塣
ʲôǰѾ
ŷһû뵽վǰˣȻѾȥǧ꣬ô˵ԼҲȻˣȻĻҲͶԷˡ
ƺ˹ŷ룬ЦСһ㲢û֮ԳΪﵽҵҪԲŻᱻ׳شͽġ
û׳أ
ŷһ̲סʵĪ׳أǰ

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ŷһһ𾪣±ԺһӶҪˣⲻɵùŷЩп
ڹŷп֮ʣӵҲٶ
ǧ֮ǰɴ½ϺȻһصһʼ˭ûע⣬ǵȵǷֲԵʱǹѾԺ½ǿ߶Կ
ǹħһ塣
΢΢һ٣ŵǣɴ½ıǺħһչһս󣬻Ǳʤһħһϻǵ磬ҽͨ׷ӡ
ǣȻǱʤҲǲʤּȫ䣬ΪӡͷħҲ
ŷͷ޲û뵽ǧ֮ǰȻһսȻû˵ŷܹоһսĲпᡣ
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ʵͨ죬ֻ㣬ҲֿԵֵģӲźۼһƨ
ߣǧҪС֣Ͼǧ֮ǰħˣҲʧˣȻҲ˴ǧѹ˵иֵҲһһ
ǣף΢΢һ࣬Ӧ
ˣȥɣǸڵСӣͽˡ߰˰ֵ
ǡ
ӹӦһʯݣȥˡ
аҲ˶õʱˣȻԸһССŵЩϧΪƣҲֻˡ
Դϧҡҡͷнһӡᣬջӳʱ䣬һƿնգۼ䣬Ѿ˲֪ĵط


055 
ŷһε֮أҪԶԶسϣڵľ崦ѣǼĺ֢õùŷѩϼ˪
һµʱ䣬ĺ֢ʧʱŷ緽ܹǿĵ޸Щľ
ǻ˰µʱ䣬ŷ罫ľȫ޸ʱƣȫ
󣬹ŷ˰µʱ䣬׳֮бǵʵȹ̣˳ţԵļʽҲա
һǰһ󣬾Ѿǹȥ֮ã󣬹ŷͣķƷҩһٽʵغڣͻƵغڡ
ʵıǣŷҲǽĿ꣬ĸ֮ϡ
ܣŷѾۼ˵ʵڵģԶʹԽսܱľѵơ
ǰŷȻǲŹ
ֻ򣬱֮콣Ҫֹŷһµʱ䣬Ѿ˿콣һŷӲû˿ͷҪ˵ɹˡ
ȻˣѶȣûõùŷȴǻ˹ŷƴеʱ򣬹ŷһҹۣ֪ƣʩչŽѰͻơ
ƴɵļƣùƺͣΪ֮𺳣֮࣬Ҳǳο
ϾʵԿ츳ҩǶĸȴܹģûһִŵ֮ģûһƴĺݾٶٶĵҩҲѲһ֡
ڹŷƴϰ֮£һµʱȻš
˴ʱŷʵҲٶͻƣغڣͻƵأһǾغڣֻǾ֮żŷһʱ仹ûͷҪͻƣͲôɵһˡ
ʵŷĸ似Ҳ˼ͻƣӰʩչѾܹԭӰչ䣬һ㡣
ùŷ˵ǣܹԵĵڰʽʩչˣҪ֪Եڰʽֻоǿ߲ʩչŵڰʽգŷҲģԺ;ǿһս
Ǵʱùŷ׷ɱĺߣŷţԼܣսҲԲ·磬ƾԵڰʽܣնɱҲпܣĻ񵱳ǰ㣬׷ɱġ
ֻΨһõùŷźǣ򣬹ŷȴɲ·ʱżէ֣Ҳת˲ţղס
ҲõùŷЩٵ뵽ԼԣĲô뵱ԶֻΪŷΣգɹ
£û˿Ľչ
ܣŷֲԸᣬԾһֱûнչǹŷȴûҪĴ㣬ͷ
һգŷͬһ㣬ԼСԺ֮вϵʩչű׽ܹ
ৡ
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ľм䣬һȭͷСĿӶ֮ϳֶ
û˿ͷ
ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷջأЦ̾һ
ʩչأ
ŷü˼֮ǰѾԹַ˵⽫ٷֱ˵£ŷ绹רһ׽ٻ似
һģȫʧˣЩͲõ
ʱһּΪΣյĹͷ֮¡
Ȼ䣬ŷԺ˺Զʱĳ漴һҲΣͷ֪ǲҲܸ
ҿԡ
һӿͷŷúпܣһ˿Ǻܿģŷַˣڹż֮УκεطȫȥΣյĵط
ǡ
ŷ۾һУЦǸ׶Լ֣ߣԼ֡
µæС
д⣬ŷҲɣֱСԺȥѰˡ
ʲôҹ㣬ҪܴһĸоС磬㲻ǿЦɣ
˵˹ŷ뷨֮󣬶ʱԴҡø˹һ㣬ͬĵУ飬һղãɾΣˣ֪ˣðҵƤˣҲ֪ж౦㡣
壬ͰæɣϾżңҲֻܰˡŷЦһȻ֪Ͳ״ӦǣԷԵٶȣҲ̫˰ɣûһ˿һĳɰ
ѵԼ⣬ĺ𣿡ŷ̲ס
ΪܹɹŷˣҲϧˣֻҪܹӦС
С磬岻㣬ʵǡ̫ΣˣҪ˰æ㻹ȥɣƾŷ;ǲӦԴҡø˹һ㡣
ˣСһǵġ
ʱһЦȻһŷĿǰˣ̤͵ķ䣬һЦĿˡ
Ȼǹŷĸףơ
磬ɲܹң㻹С磡һ죬ûĽŷˡ
Ŷô°ǹƣԽĸȤˣ̲סĳŷʵ
ݺݵصһͣŷҲ֪סˣֻýԼ뷨һһʮĸ˹ơ
ԭ°һΪôˣȻҪ¡
ŷ籾Ϊ󣬿϶Ҫһˣû뵽ȴһЦҪͳ֡
ֹŷû뵽ͣͬû뵽
磬㲻ǰɣЩΣأͻΪԼˣŵĿŹʵ
ûҾҪ֡ƴЦ˵
ðɣȻСǳȥɡͬ⣬ȻٷԣŹŷ糯ԺȥƣҲһЦĸ˳
С磬Сˣ
СԺ֮У΢΢أΪ¹ŷʵǺ˵ŷ磬ϾߵĲ΢һǶڹŷ˵ɾΣա
壬Ҫ̫ְɣŷЦŵ٩
СӡûһΪŷЦҲ˲١
ǹ
һ̣âһָǹֱһӣгǹʱͬһһ㣬Źŷ
ﬡ
ŷ΢΢һЦ䳤˲ʣڿлһ۵Ļȣ󣬲ƫеĵ͵ĳǹ֮ǰ
ˡ
ײ֮СԺ֮쳹

ŷЦһȵ


056 ɹ
ٺ٣Сӡ
ŷ׵ľ͵ԼĳǹжڹŷʵҲһŵգЦˣҾͲˡ
䡭
͵Ļ£ƶʱڽأأγڡ
գ֮䣬͵ƾѾﵽ˾γڣʱǲҲǻͣ
Ͼŷʵޣʵ֮ŷ粻Ҫ˵ˣѡ
ٺ٣ٽһǹԡ
Цһ漴гǹ裬ۼ䣬һһ㣬ŹŷХȥ
ĺã
ŷһг䶯ǰһ಻Ľ⣬ͼ赲ס͵һǹ
ƾЩɻ
ǺЦֱ۶Ȼʱ䣬ǳǹݺݵײ˹ŷǰĽ֮ϡ
ƣ
ꡭ
͵ȣŷǰЩ⣬ʱһı鿪Ƭ֮䣬ȫƣгǹȥƲŹŷؿֱȥ
׽ʽӰ
ۿǹŷɲ䣬һŴ۹âݺݵײ͵ĳǹ֮ϡ
顭
ײ֮ڳŵСԺ֮쳹𣬹ŷֱһ̲סĳ˶һ˳ʮಽסΡ
ٺ٣С磬ôҪ𣿡ŷˣЦջ˳ǹŹŷʵ
ŷ͸ȳ
顭
£Ӱһͳ˹ȥгӶ𼸵ɫ⻡͵ؿڴȥ
ӣʵһȽף
гǹҪӶȴ룬һԵĹڴʱȻȳ
ǰɴ磿һȽףҿɾͲÿˡͿ˵ȴǰԼһĴ磬Ҳ֪ôˣǴӦ˹ŷҪھȻٶʵ벻ͨ
ȻƷˣҲֻʱ䣬ǾγڵʵٶǺ䣬˾ڵľ硣
У
ʵٶгǹ֮ϵĽ⣬ʱٶȱǣͬһɫ̫һ㣬ֱһǹŹŷĳȥ

ײ֮ǹײ쳹ײ˲䣬͹ŷ;ֱһ飬ֶɡ
ȻŷҲǳź浹˳ȥһ˿԰ס
ӣҪ֣
ʱƳƵĺٶ
ã
ϵЦѾ֪λ翴һѴˣҲɣżڵһ㣬ĳŹŷ籩˳ȥ
ȻѾѹʵҲǾʵٶ֮죬ǹŷܹģˣһ֮£;Ѿ׷˹ŷ磬ǹͣĳŹŷ缱̶ȥ
ǹǰٷŴ󣬹ŷͷҲ΢΢أȻõͲǣŷ羹Ȼûκεĵֻֿǹ⼱ٿ塣
С磬쵲
ͷЩ̲סĶŹŷ籬һ
֮䣬ɣ
Ȼŷ͵ıȴǳţɵһ㣬ԭضҲֻȴһ˿ͷ
ʵҲֹŷѡ񣬱ϾսԷ϶ΣյģȻΣնûУǻ̸ʲôͻơ
磬Ҫ˰
ŷûзӦֻܽĿơ
Ҫ
ȻƵĻȴһ㶣⸸ѵ
ȻģǳڶԹƵΣҲͲ֣һݣǹ͵̶ֱ
£һҪһǹ
ͷݳǹʱ򣬹ŷҲǸܵһǰδеΣмٷŴǹ⣬ŷͷ̲ס
ৡ
ͷŷеĳҲǶˣһĨɫĽͬһ㣬ӳ͵ĳǹȥ
ȻŷֱѾˣ͵ٶͬԹŷӶŵĳͲԵ˼֣޷ס͵һǹ
һ㣬ٿһ㣡
ŷͷֱ֮ϣѾ𣬿ǻӶŵĳȴûгǹٶȿ졣
ٿһ㡣
ŷͷֱҲԽֻΪ˼ӿһٶȡ
䡭
ȻʱŷֱԺкȻһԼٸӵˣһ˲䣬ŷоǰ綼Ϊ֮һ
ԭԭȿĶǣԭٶȼĳǹʱȻû
ͻָо
ǰͣŷϻĵһĨȣгӶƫеĵ͵ǹ֮ϡ

ײ֮ٶ𣬹ŷӦˣϵЦݣȴôҲβס
С磬ͻˣ
ŷ羹ȻĵסԼĳǹҲһ̲סʵ
ͻˡŷЦŵ˵ͷ
ͻƾͺãͻƾͺð
ʱҲǴЦ˹οĹŷ˵
㻹˼˵ղСûͻô죿Σհ
͵һ˿£ղǵΣͷֻ֣ͣҲͣ
ǲеΣգʱҲͻˡƲ͵֣Ц˵
Ҳ̫ΣˣԺ飬ǿɲҪҡҡҡͷ

͵ı飬ŷ͹ƽ̲סĴЦ


057 Ͷ˵
ʱ䣬ٶȻţʱ䵱УŷҲǽոգշ硣
ŷսҲ˼ߣдʱͽʵѹھγڣѾǲܶԹŷκ˺ڣŷҲӦԣȻˣŷҪͣҲǲܡ
ϾܶԷʽڹϣȴҪ˼֡
֣ŷҲǸо׽ѾЩ̫ãڹżһȼһĽ˰죬ȴ󣬹ŷҲֻýڵͷϡ
յĳ֮ʣŷҲٴθ˹ƺ̤ͣȥڵ·̣ΪϾҪʼˡ
ŷǻǵãϸ˵ܹȡóɼ벻ĺôܱ˵벻ĺôôһͬ졣
磬СһߣǺܳһʱ䰡
ͺ͹վǽͷŹŷ罥ԶȥıӰЩĸпͱûмҺѾŷ統Լڹŷ뿪ȻһЩᡣ
Ǻǣ񳤴ˣվҪģЩģôΪһ˽ĺأȻҲЩ̾ȴĺܿЦŵ
ǺǣˣֻУһ㶼ܰͿЦ
ѾˣһֱڹżңֻΪӦڸӹأţһ죬֮ġ
͵ļЦˣ˵ˣȥȾơ
ٺ٣ãƺѾܾûкȾء
˵ţӰԾǽͷգۼʧˡ
ڹƺԾǽͷ˲䣬ŷҲУŲ΢ͣͣתͷżҵķеȭͷ΢˽
Ȼůǣŷȴôħ飬һʯһ㣬ʱѹͷõ˿ķɡ
İɣҲκ˺żң˺ҵˡ
һһŷתͷͣչڵķȥ
ڹŷڵʱȴ֪ҲǷһ䶯ŵĴ¡
ηĴʦ֣ɽִʱ򣬱һغ˸ɱˣ
Ҫ֪ŵЩʦֺʹʦ㣬ɶǺĵӵĺѡˣδĶ֧ηʦֱɱŶ˼ĺ䶯
ڵĸ߲ҲΪ֮ŭɳΪִóԱȥ飬ֻĽȴ⣬Ǻ˾ƾճ֣ƾʧһ㣬ûκ
Ҳֻò֮ͬʱ´˽䱸κοԱǲ̤һ
׻˵ĺãһ޾ҲһηĴʦֱɱõηĵӣһƲ֮С
ʱηϵǧӣȴǺȻչ¶˾ξڵʵһٳΪ˱ηδʦ֡
Դˣ䶯ŵĴ£Ǹһ䡣
η壬ǧӵķ֮УԶһµǧӣǺǰһվڷ֮УĿ͸⣬˲֪ĵط
һӰͬһһ㣬û˿Ϣ
ϲˣڵóԸΪ˱ηĴʦ֣
֮һ̶ǺӰﻺһ˲䣬¶ȣ½ࡣ
ǧüͷ΢壬û˱ķӦڵ˺ϵˣ
ʲô
ǧӵĻոճڣǺӰ˲ɫ䣬һ˿ֻţ̲סľһƣǧӿеǸˣʲôһ㡣
ںӰķӦǧӲ֣Ϊոյ˵Ϣ֮ʱһ㲻ȺӰö١
û뵽ôˣǲϷŹҰǧ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾
ǡλǰǲʲôָʾ
Ӱлɲһ˿壬Щʵ⵹ΪӰСΪˣ̫Ӱ
ǵãʮ֮ǰͻȻһصߣʱֻһͨߣΪǸߵһŵҩĽʵ˾֮
ȻЩĻõúӰ˾壬ʵϲ֮ʱǸߣһļ䡣
ȻǿõǧӣǩԼӴ֮ǧΪǧվȽŸ
Լû˿Ĳ𣬵ʱĺӰοϴӦƴ龳ʵУȻĺ͸ճӤûκ
󣬺Ӱ޹ǩԼӴһֱǧߡ
֮ʱӰΪǧӵĳǧӲģǺӰŷ֣ǧӸһǱ߸ȵġ
Ȼʵ˼ûɵӣõúӰֺ־塣
ֻǣգ֮䣬ʮʱȥˣǧҲɹڱηվ˽Ÿߣȴͬʧһ㣬һֱûҹǣõúӰҵΪԷѾˡ
û뵽ȴٴߵϢõúӰһ˲ٶȻصʮ֮ǰһ㣬޵Ŀ־嵱С
ںӰ̲ס䵱ʱǧӵһ仰õٶ˹
˵ɱŷ磬ϧһдۡǧӵĵ
ŷ磿λǰֶΣԸŷ绹Сһ׮ΪʲôҪǳְӰЩɻʵ
ԭҲҶʣ˵Ƣ֪ģͺˡ
˵ǧ׹һЦҲŷ磬Сʵǳɳ̫ˣɳȥСڶûܽɱɱһ죬Ҿһ첻ܰİ
ôҪҪԳ֡Ӱ̽ʵ
ãϾҪˣѾһʦ֣һĹھĻڣ¾Ĳװˡǧҡҡͷ˺ӰĴ㡣
λǰӰЩɵĵ
д㣬ǹŷ磬Իǧкɫһ
Ȼˣ¾͸ˡӰ˵ͷ漴һûӰ
ںӰʧ˲䣬ǧӵϣһ˿ЩЪ˹ǧӣԲһ˰ڲһ죬ҲҪ㳢ʮܵĿࡣ

˵꣬ǧӵУصǧЩħЦ˲



058 ˾ͽµټ
ǻˡ
ŷ̤ԼСԺʱ϶ʱ̲ס¶һ˿Цݣ׻˵ĺãѣԼĹѣŷʱĸоˣֻԼС֮Уõеһ˿ġ
ŷ磬ˡ
ڹŷոսСԺûãûüݣһϲʹ˹һӰӶ˹ŷһӵ
磬үǱһ𣬿˷绯
ŸԼһܱĺԶŷҲ΢΢һůԶĹģܸܲŷҲȥ˵ЩƤĻЦſһЦ
Сӣ
ȻŷĻԶʱɿ˹ŷ磬Ĵ˹ŷһȭûЦ

Զӣŷ̲סĴЦһźԶȥ

ڹŷС֮УԶĴһʱ䣬ŸȥʱУŷҲǽԼ׷ɱḶ́ȫԶһ顣
ŹŷǾĶǵľԶ𺳵ͬʱҲԽŷ磬ھǿߵ׷ɱ£һ·ӻԼĵ̣ò˵ŷǼǿġ
ͨԶŷҲ֪Ǽ£ͱ˲ͬŷȴľãֻ飬ǧѲϵ
Ͼ粻ͻƣͻƣƫƫηĴʦˣǧӾ͸պͻˣδҲ̫ɺһЩɣ
ҹŷ絽ڿɻǵãͺԶִʱҲһ˵ĴɱǸˣŷ;úпǧġ
ͬǴɱͬǺˣͬǧӻŷã飬ǲô򵥡
ֻһжǹŷû˿ʵ֤ݣԾŷ˵ȥҲû˻š
Ȼˣ֤ݣŷҲɵ˵ȥϾǧɱ˭ûֱ̫ӵĹϵ˵ȥݾߣ˵ðѶԷƼˣһɱɱʱ򣬹ŷɲΪԼôˣܹӵżұѡ
׿Щķ鲻룬ԶҲ˹ŷһϢǾһεĻСɾȻ˹ھ
СɣŷлǱȽģϾڽʵĵһѣҵС֪ΣգԸ͹ŷһҲ˵СǸɽ֮ˡ
ֻСɵ츳ѣٶ̫֮ʵԽԽȻȻģͽӴˡ
ֻõùŷû뵽ǣСɾȻܹȡûĹھǶùŷЩ⣬ԷΪҲûù

ںԶ뿪֮ûжãŷյһõ벻ĴţǧҶĴʦҪ
Щùŷһʱͷԣ˵ȻǧҶѾһʱˣǺǴʦ㣬ȴһ涼ûмڻʱҲǸźԶƳһ۶ѣʲô飬ԷҲҵԼɣ
ΪʲôȻʦ㶼ѾˣŷҲòȥ򵥵һ֮󣬹ŷͳСݣǧҶĴȥ
ǧҶĴŷѾᳵ·Ͼ֮ǰûȻˣĿȴֻһǾ١
˵ŷǧҶҲ;Ÿµʱ䣬ļټȴµʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ȼȹġ
е˵Уŷһ˰ɣ
ϵĴŷ粢ûһֱͣǱȥˣΪŴʦĴΪ֤ҲûʲôΪѹŷ硣
ǧҶĵ㣬ûйŷ֮еô󣬶ҲҲǼΪļ򵥣ֻһһ
ʱǴеλϣһλŮӡ
ŮӴԼʮ˾꣬ļΪƯľ֮£ƺôһ˿ûȫȥƤǺʫҲضãҸһֳζ
ȻǧҶĴʦ㣬˾ͽ¡
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ŷʦܣڼˣ
ڹŷ˾ͽµʱ˾ͽҲ΢΢һЦŹŷ˵
ŷʦ㡣
Լʦ㣬ŷҲ߷ֺ棬־أ΢΢һ
ǺǣɣûˣҲ˼⡣
˾ͽЦָָԱߵӣŷ֮ſڵǹģ
Ŷ֪ʦʲô㣿
һ˿ȻŷЦʵ·ϣŷڲϵĲ²˾ͽĿģȥҲֻ뵽ˣû뵽ı¶ˡ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ˾ͽͶҲٶ
֪ŷʦǺʵ
ŷüͷ΢΢һžʵ˵˳غڡ
ȻЩɻΪʲôԷһʵŷȴܸо˾ͽ¶ûκε⣬Թŷֻǳһ£˵˳
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˾ͽ£˹ŷĻ֮Ŀʱһ漴Ц˵ĻǵʤҲ͸һЩ
֪ʦʲôƻŷЩɻʵ
Ǻǣŷʦܣ֪˵˾ͽ壿˾ͽ²ʵ
˾ͽ壿
ŷϸĽԴеļ䶼ѹһ飬Ƕ˾ͽ壬Ĵû˵ЦҡҡͷСܹªţ˵
ûҲϾ˾ͽ壬ݣʵǣ˾ͽ壬һ洫ѧΪ֮ң֮Ҳ΢ͨ˾ͽ»˵
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ŷüͷԽĽˣŷ֣Щªˣֱûһʶ
ҲܹϾżȻĴ֮һҲ֮УһǷԲǧ֮ڵĴ塣
ɴ½ޱߣżҶ½˵ǵ֮ضѣŷû˵һЩ֮£Ҳĺܡ
Źŷɻӣ˾ͽ¾֪ԼʧˣѯʹŷЩֱӰһжأ
ˣ˾ͽҲֻӽ͵ν֮һֿδͨΪͨһЩ֮ԶһЩҪĴ£Ҳǰ֪һЩ֮ԽΪϣһЩʡ
ԭˡ
ŷһ˿Ȼüʵ֮ϻбʣΪʦҪССأţǸã
ûô򵥡
˾ͽ¿ЦһŵȲ˵ݾߣţŵʱҲ
Ŷûа취ҡŷֹ֮⣬ȴѾˡ
֮㣬Ϊǻ˴αʵѡ˾ͽµ
ðɣʦʲôԸ˵޷ֻҪܰĵȻƳ١ŷ΢΢˵ͷӦ˾ͽµҪ


059 
ڣŷ绹һЩеģϾнʵɶѲϵԼܼķΧһѣŷ絹Ҳᷴԡ
Ǻǣ˵ĻҾͶлʦˡ˾ͽЦ
ʦﻰΪһӣȻҪά棬ֻǣ֪Ҫܻ˴αʣŷ绺
ֻ衭˾ͽ½ѹüͣԼƻ͹ŷϸĽһ飬ŷҲĵһһ

ǧҶĴŷĴʱ䣬ڼ䣬˾ͽﻹһõùŷΪĿˣ쵱Ǿʲôȴûһ֪
̫Ҫͷ֮ʣź˾ͽһͬ˴ŹƷĹ㳡ȥΪ죬ŵĴ£ᡣ
ͻżĲͬȻҲȽ¡أԵģϾֻŵĵӣᣬȴŵӶҪμӵʢᡣ
֮£˭˭أȻһۿ֪
ͨʱ䣬ŷҲһϸ˽⣬ᣬʵܹΪ֡
һ֣Ȼ˶Բμӵıֻ֣ҪܹϻһΣǾͿԻӦĽ
Ϊ˹ƽμӱģʵһȼ֮ϵģҲ˵صֻܺصıȣصֻܺصıȡ
ȻȽ鷳һЩǶЩ˵ȴٺò
ĵڶ֣ͷϷΪֻҪͨԣǾͿĴʦֺʹʦ㣬һڿʦµǰ
󱮣ŷԭûʲôֱ̫۵ӡ󣬿ͨ˾ͽµŷ罥ĶһЩ˽⡣
ν󱮣ڿʦ浱֮ǰ㾡Լһʯ
ʯ棬似͹ҲĸԼ⣬֮һǶڹŷŵ˵ò
Ͼ浱֮ǿߣ书似Ȼһ㣬Ҷļ⣬ӲǹŷЩé®СһԱ⡣
ɴ˿ɼܹǰһζôĻˡ
Ҿ˾ͽ˵ÿһǰ򣬶ܹһЩôһο󱮣һӻһͨѧ
ͨѧǿǳԽ˾Ʒ似ķ룬ҸҲԿóͨѧ֮ͨǿߴѧܣ㲻Ҳ֪
ùŷĻЩϾֻҪʵ㹻ǿˣͨѧҲǿԵģõùŷģĸ򣬱Ͼֶɲܸġ
֮ǰǸͼǷѾۣɴ˱ԿĸǶôˡ
Ҿ˾ͽ˵һ᰷սʦ֣ǰ˵⣬ΪڰΪɫһˣҲڳ˿ʦ֮⣬Ψһһ˵ڵӡ
ҲõùŷǰԽĿ
ϾҲܹ⣬ô̼䣬սͻ৵ıǣԾ֮ĸ֣ŷ綼֮һս
ڹŷĳ֮ʣƷ㳡Ҳǵˣ֮ǰһʯɵľ޴㳡ǽһΪ֮õ㳡ͬһ㡣
ŷ˾ͽһЦԹԵһλĿʼ
ŷ磿
ڹŷոûжãһӰһƨԱߣչһЦǺԶ˭
ŷ磬ߵλü˭
ǧҶĴʦ㣬ԶȻʶΪǹŷѣЦٺ٣ŮѰɣ
źԶЩǷŷ統һͷߣתͷ˾ͽһЦȻҲԶһҲʶӡ
õùŷ˿ǣ˾ͽµû΢΢һЦõǱͶ˵Խˡ
ٺ٣Сӣ޸ǳȻôһλŮ
Ӧٶ۵ĺԶ˿ûвŷԽԽڵɫԽĵôߣȻֱ˾ͽµһߣЦŵٺ٣Ůҽһ£ҽкԶǹŷĺѣԺҺͺˡ
ãҽ˾ͽ¡˾ͽһЦ⣬ĶźԶ˵
˾ͽ£Ϥְ
ԶЩɻĿһ˾ͽ£ﲻϵ߶˾ͽµ֣һʱ֮䣬벻
ŷ翴źԶһľᣬǽһλ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣŷ絹Ǻ뿴Զ֪˾ͽµ֮󣬻ʲôһ顣
˾ͽǧҶĴʦ㣿
߶˰֮󣬺Զ˾ͽ֣һı顣
ţ磡˾ͽЩϷʵĿźԶЦ

˾ͽϵϷʣԶǽһᣬæһ뿪˾ͽ£ͬʱﻹŹŷ纰ŷ磬һ£˰
˵꣬һ̾ܵûӰˣٶǽһ죬ŷЩɣһǲǻһ似ȻĻΪʲô׷ɱʱûܵĿ죿
ǺǣʦܣλѣͦȤġܵıӻĺԶ˾ͽһЦŹŷ˵
Ǻǣһˣ³ˣ㲻Ҫ⡣˾ͽûŷ΢΢˿ղŻΪԶһ亹
Ǻǣûн⣬ЩĽ㡣˾ͽ
Ŷ
ŷüĽʲô
һϵѰõһ鰡˾ͽһ˿ʧ䣬Цŵ
ǰҲͦĽԼġ
ŷûз˾ͽʧ䣬΢΢Щп̾һ
ڹŷ˾ͽһûһʱ򣬴Ҳǻس˹㳡ǰѹѹֱۣʱ㳡Ͱ
󣬴ĵ˵ͷĹ򣬻ǰϹأͲ˵ˣ˵һ£һαĽ
һصصǰʮܹһʮŻԽߣõҲԽࡣ
صصǰʮܻһƷƷ似ͬǣԽߣ似ƷҲԽߡ
صصǰʮֻҪܹͨĲԣǿԻһǰĲᡣ
ȻˣûͨĲԣҲܻӦĽ
ڣᣬʽʼһӣ
Ŷ
ŴϵĻ£㳡˲ٶȻһһɹܹ֮˺һ㡣


060 ׽
ˡ
֮ھ޴Ĺ㳡ϿջصЦеĵ˵ͷЦڣһصĵ󡣡
ৣ
ŴϵĻ£ϯλ֮ϣһӰʱӶѾÿĹ㳡֮ϡ
ǡ
ŷЩɻüԱߵ˾ͽ¡
˾ͽ΢΢һЦ͵ǵĽ£һ׽Ϊ򽣴תʱ뷢ƲɵҪľǣ֮Уܶһʱ䣬ΣҲǸ֮еʱ䳤ġ
׽󣡡
ŷͷ΢΢һй󷨵飬Ҳ˵һЩ󷨴ӴӸߵͣžŽ֣֮ȽԽߣȻҲԽ
˵Щ߼󷨣Դɽɽ
ֻһΪѰܴ֮Ϊ͵ȵһ󷨣Ҳܹóģû뵽Ȼһ׽
ŵĵ̣ȻЩԱİ
뵽żҾǹΪĴ֮һҲûһ󷨣ŷЩ֮̾Ĳ࣬ɺ蹵һ㣬ɿԽ
¡¡
ڹŷ֮̾ʣǹ㳡֮УҲһ쳹һͬһ㼤գ֮䣬ͽ㳡֣䣬ǵ߶Ǹ⣬ľ
ǽ䣬Ҫ˺Ʋһ㣬ƺƴ
󷨵𣿹Ȼǿ󰡣
һʱɳʯĩһĹ㳡ŷҲΪ֮𺳲ѡ

Ȼһգ۵ʱ䣬֮бŽϵĲҽ֮һӰͬһ㣬ӽ֮б׷˳ڣ˻ڡ
Щĵӣȴû˿źеģֻǽٺϲãڽתһ˲䣬ĸܵв
ȻûлЩϧǺСһжԵ΢ˡ
֮еĲҽУûΪʧֹܶͣԽĲңŲҽеļӾ磬Щ׷ɳӰҲԽԽࡣ
һӣֻһӣЩոս뽣֮еĵӣһȫʧˣߣҲżʮѡ
ҲõùŷԽףˡ
ʼһصĵӱֵ֮ء
ֻǲҵգȴǲùŷ綼ǲɵ
ܿģصĵҲȫ˦˳һصĵӣصֵܹʱ䣬΢ôһ㣬һˣӡ
صӵܣգۼҲȫ˦˳ʱһˣְ롣
ܿģأأصľȫˣصʱ򣬼ֵʱһˣҲӶѡ
ЩУŷҲǿ˼ϤӰԴ½ǧȵȣЩгɼõģҪ𣬼ķְӡ
ùŷȴЩˣǺŽδСɡ
Сɣ͵ʱѾǲͬնصʵڼһΪ似õķ֮ãȻɼЩص˵ʲôǶС˵ȴѾǼΪˡ
գ֮䣬ѾֵصĵˣЩУŷȴǼǸõЩٻӰʫꡣ
û뵽СӣҲصʵأ
ʫǽգŷ΢΢ЩпѾصʵЩŵĽĴڣǰ˸֮ǰֻһΪԼԶ˳ķ
һУڵǸǸġ
ҽ֮ʸһеԭίˡ
ŷаһ֮ǰΪ澭Ǹǧ໻ģȻô¡
ȻĻԹżҵĵ̣ôܻỻĹ˭ɵĹأ
ȻŷĸףһЩʲôЩ飬Ҫ
ڹŷ΢΢̾ʱصĵӣҲ֮пļš
Ȼһˮ룬֮£Щֵܹʱ䣬Ҳְӣ֮ЩģѾְ룬ҵΪֹûһ˱̭
ɴҲԿغ֮µһˡ
ʱţǽŵڴ֮£ƺȻӾ˲٣գۼ䣬ѾͻʮӵĴء
ʱ֮ѾһЩҽд󣬷Ӧһ㣬һӰ˳
֮УŷΪĵʫ꣬ʮӣһˣҲʮķӶѣܹȡɼ˵ʫ겢ǻӡ
Ȳμӵ࣬ǽеٶȣȴԶԶǻܹģһǰһһСʱѾҪˡ
صӵȫصĵҲһ˳ȥֻõùŷû뵽ǣȻֿϤӰȻǺԶú顣
ںԶܹô̵ʱͻƵأŷ絹ǲ̫⣬ϾԶ츳ɲͣȻǣҲܸˡ
һЩˣŶĸԽʵٶҲԽ졣
õùŷǺ飬ǸСѾͷڻ֮ϣǸŷ˺̵ӡ󣬶һ䣬ԺһģõùŷΪΡ
ֻǺ鵱ʱʵԶԶȲϺԶȻĻҲˣû뵽ŰʱûԷѾصʵ
ʵٶȣһ㶼ŷǹŷ׳֮ʵǣ˵ãᱻǸСѾͷأ
һԼǸиԵС椴ܵĳŷЩЦãԼҲŬأȻĻпܻᱻܡ
صĵӣɽҲһٶˣ֮УԶͺ˵ı֣Ǻ۵ġ
һ˼˶ʮӣһ˼˶ʮְ룡
ðɣŷٴγԼʧˣǼ˶ʮְģɲǺԶú顣
Ҳ˵ĳɼصĵһԶ
ʦܣɾ͸ˣúñ֡
ʱڹŷߵ˾ͽ£ȻǽĿ˹ŷϣЦ˵
ǺǣʦİɣһСĵġ
ŷһЦ˵ʵڵģŷҲǶ򽣴Ϊĺ棬һ½
ȻˣʵŷлһصĺͷǾǽ֮Ľܲͻƣһǿ֮⾳ĵ⾳
ȻŷҲΪֿܼССҲпܲǣ


061 ĥ
ˣҾͿıˡ˾ͽ˵ͷЦ
á
ŷ˵ͷҲѾǳŹ㳡֮ϵĽȥգۼ䣬Ѿû˹Ľ֮С
ڹŷ뽣˲䣬ĵӰҲǴ⼸ӶͬԾ˽֮С
ɽУصĵӣȻֻˣò˵صʵţѾܹǱȽ϶Ĵˡ
Ҳ֪ʦܹεȳɼ
Źŷû뽣֮еıӰ˾ͽµĿһ˿ʣ૵սʦ֣ڽ֮һһҹʱ䣬ʱˣұѧϰ֮ģ
˵˾ͽµУҲһ˿壬ֻ̾ǣսʦȻ㣬ȴܿһ㣬ʦܵȴȫ֮͸ܹԽսʦҲһ
΢΢ҡҡͷ˾ͽʱ׿Щ߰ͷĿһתĵĵȴĽ

˵ŷ磬ոս뽣֮У۲һ£ܱʮķâͬʵĵһ㣬õùŷ粻˿Ĵ⡣
⽣󣬹Ȼͬ졣
аһŷû˿ĳɵĳ׽׽Ϊ򵥵ļʽвʩչ

䶯ԣ֮ڶգ֮䣬ŷѾǻ˲ʮĽ⹥
ৡ
Ȼŷ绹ûüɿƷ֮ٶһǵصĳŹŷֶȥ̹ǵķâһõùŷ綼ǸоƤɣǱЩɨУ³Ա̻֮Ҫҡ
һΣŷȴǲýЩһԭһӰ䱾壬Ѿһһ㣬ķ϶֮յıܿһâ
һʱ䣬ŷϱ䶯࣬ǵصĽ֮вϴŽȥ
Ȼ⽣СһһĹ޾Թŷʱʵ˵̶ֳȵĹĥЧ𲻵Ҫ˵Σˡ
ԣŷųŽȥĿģǽ֮ĥûܸ콣
ڹŷ糯ŽȥʱˣɾûйŷôõˣһΪѵĵŽĹ
ȻôľܣҪĺ͹ŷһ࣬Ȼǲܵˣܹŷһ̬ģҲֻ˾ͽǸһһҹսʦ˰ɣ
ʱ䣬ĵĵȴ֮¿ţգ֮䣬һСʱʱѾȥʱ֮Ҳǿʼһĵͺȴ
Щ֮УȻܹжϵĳҪ˵ˡ
˵һ̭ģ˭ȺУһЩʼįļһʱʼ̸
Ҫ˵һ̭ģ˲ǧҶĹŷʦ֣Ȼŷʦֵʵĺܿ죬ɱϾոͻûãλصʦֱ̿϶һЩһӻ
༸ԣҲǻ˵ͷȻЩͬղ˵ĻȻʱһмȴڼ˶Ц
ǼС֪ʲôŷʦֵصʵѾ˵ʱʵ𣬶˻Ĺھ֮λ񣬹ŷʦѾصʵҪ˵ѽ֮УѾû˻ǹŷʦֵĶ֣ǵһ̭ģһǹŷʦ֡
ٺ٣Сʦֽѵǡ
༸˿˵ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬һĵĵ˵ͷУȴһ˿ΪȻȻУǲΪŷܹʤ
еɫܹӵùСɵ۾ЩʦǣҲüƽϣϾʱѾͬգصʵУҲǱȽϵȵĴڡ
ֻǣ͹ŷĲ࣬ȴԽԽˣʱСɵʵأʱĹŷ磬Ҳء
ȻҲв࣬ȴôԣֻҪŬһ㣬˵ҲԳԽ
ǣŹ˶ãƺҲŰʱɣǸһֱ𾴹Ŵ磬ѾصʵΪӵĴڡ
Ŵ磬İɣһŬģ㱻ԶҲ׷ģϾǺֵܡ
ųеĽСɵȭͷ΢˽ͬһĵ૵
ء
ʱһӰȻӽ֮б׷˳ص˵ϣѾ鲻ǣһ˿Ѫ
쿴ǳƷʦ֡
ʦ֣û뵽һ̭ģȻʦ֡
ǰҲ֪һ˭̭
ǿ˰ɣŷʦô׾ͱ̭ģ
ŽǱӰСҲǳ˿ȻһֱŹŷ粻ᱻ̭һʲôأ
ʱСǳ׵ķָ߸ոջͷļµȵ
ٺ٣ǰСʦԶ
ǵȻȻĻСʦֻôǵʦأǰɣСʦ֣
ǼµӣǷǳƸղвмһ˵Ĳһ㣬һƨĵ൱ĸɴ࣬õСһʱ䶼Щ֪˵ʲôˣֻܿЦҡҡͷŽ

ʱĹŷ磬Ѿ˽λãΪǰʮ״ǳӡᣬ֧תǴӡ֮ģŷ֪ӡᣬӦþǽˡ
ŷãֻҪԼһӳܽƵ
ȻˣͷҲֻڹŷһѣҪǾ;Բôˡ
ϾʱȻ󷨵ֻʮףʮףȴһ蹵һ㣬õ޷Խ
ΪѾļˣǵصĽ⣬õùŷ綼ǲòȫԶԣҪһϼѡ
ҪۣŷɲĿǰԼǸǣٶͻƣ֮⾳ĵ硣
ҵ˴ʱǽҲǺΧͬնѾһһģһƬһƬĳŹŷȥһû˿ļЪͬ޾һ㣬Żصļơ
ȴ˹ŷҪ̶ֳȵĹȲõ޷ֲ֮õûκѹ÷ĥҪ
ǺǽģһĻ֪Ļ棬һӰֳֳŲȻӰϵŲԾгҲǻ򿳣̻ãһĽ⣬һľ¡


062 򽣹

֮Уײ֮ڶһӰŲӣг䣬ӿĽ⣬ֵ¡
Ȼ֮еĽ˳һ㣬಻Уȴһҳۣܳ˷ˡ
ǿȴҲǵӰ
ѾСʱأŷʦ־Ȼûг
ʱƣ㳡֮ϵѾ𽥱䵭˵Ŀ⣬εĶǹ㳡ĽĿ֮һ˿𺳡
˴ʱںѾǹŷǲǵһںǹŷ羿ֶܹ೤ʱ䣬ǷܹǸһֱܵĴ˵ơ
˶Ŀȵʱһ˵ɫȴʱţԽ˺Ȼǧӡ
һΣû˵Ҳһѹŷ׻ɱ
ǧɱƳһۻû˿Ľ󣬱΢΢ʹâӿ
ȻŷĳɳѾõǧӸев
ŷȻҲǧӶɱǲΪŷѾвΪ˽ŷɱҡ֮УŶԹŷ֡
ԣڴɱʧ֮ǧȻЩ壬ǹףȴδŷУȻչŷ֣ȴõǧеĸв
ɣβܽŷɱôò˶ãŷͻὫԽʱɱŷĻϼˡ
ԣŷһα
ⲻ˸ǧµҲǧеʵ뷨

Ѿûˣǰһ
֮УŹŷһνһֽ⻯⣬΢΢ҡҡͷоѹѾտʼʱǰ޴
ৡ
£ŷӰһͬһ˳ȥ󴩹ؽ⣬ٶǰһ
䡭
Ϊǰһŷոճ֣Ǹоһɽһѹʱõ壬̲ס΢΢һܵ˼ơ
Ȼ⽣ԽѹҲԽ治֪ԱߣֻźεȵѹڵңԳܡ޿ײѹŷͷһ
ৡ
һ̣ٶȳŹŷ˹â¶䣬õùŷϲء
ﬡ
ŷ糤ʣֱһЩ飬ȻƬ֮󣬹ŷɫǱѿΪȻ֣ڽǾ޴ѹ֮£ٶȣѾղǰѸݣͲӦΧǵصĽ⡣

һ⴩˹ŷķ·ϻһһ߶೤Ŀӡ
Уٶ̫ٿһ㡣
ŷͷأֱ֮ϵļͬʯһ߸¡Դӿٶȡ

һ죬һ⴩ķ·һ߶೤Ļڡ
ǲУٿһ㡣
ŷͷһֱۻӶ䣬ͬǧֹһ㣬ΧӰеĳʱҲͬʮһ㣬һӶ䣬ܼʮ
ٶȣǷ棬ǶȻѾ죬ǷųǧĽ֮УȴͲֵһᡣ
Ƭ̣ٶ⴩ķٴ·ӡ
̫ұٿһЩ
ŷͷѾת˼޵澭ٶǿеһΣŹתٶȼӿ죬ŷֵٶȣҲٶȿ࣬һ䣬Ѿܹϰٵ
Ȼȴ׺һڣ𲻵˿á
ٶвͨģҪΧЩȫұĲȡİ취
ԽԽĽŷصͬʱҲתٵ˼ӦԽķ
ҳֵٶٿ죬ǱϾ˫ȭѵ֣οԵĻǳǧĽ⣬ǾҲܽأ
ŷһ߿ٳһ߽Ӱʩչ£ԴȡһЩʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ͳǳ֮ƣڽӴѹ֮£ͼֲ̫ʱ䣬ԣڼ̵ʱڣһ취
һαܿһֽ⣬ŷĿⶸȻ֮ϣǰһˣҲΪٶȿԲŲôĽ⣬Ϊֻһ˲ͬʱô⡣
Ҳֻͬʱ۶⣬ǲҲ㣿
뷨ŷúпܣҲɣһŽĹһ俪ʼ۶⡣
ȻõùŷǣҪô۶أ
Ϊۣתſͬʱ۶⣬ŷ粻Щ
ڹŷɵ˲䣬Ѿٶʮһ֮ϻһӣѪ
Դˣŷȴ˲϶ˣΪоҪԼ벻еĹؼɾҪʧˡ
Ȼʧܣһ϶ˣôѵõĻᣬŷȴԸʹ˷Ȼû֮⾳ĵ磬Ľ˿ѷɫڿ֮⾳ĵ磬ܻʤһ
׸ôأ
ŷüͷһһ˿˼ϵ˿ڣҲʱƣϵ࣬ѪҺţõùŷɫӿһĨ԰ס
ѵҪʧ𣿡
ŷԼƶٶȿʼ½ˣΪѪҺ˫ģѾõ壬ʼܲס
ߣߵľ˽һˣ˼ǽ
ȻʱŷԺУȴǺȻһȴõùŷѾʼҵǣٶΪ֮һ塣
׵ǰ
Ժ֮ŷʱĺһȻ׳֮йһ֮ԵҸе׵ۡ
ŷ籾Ϊ׵Ѿɢû뵽ΪΣѵĹͷȻٶ˳
ܰģҲôˣһΣҪɢˣܲջ񣬾ȫƾ컯ˡ
£ŷԺ֮оٶȻָƽƾŷôûٴδȻһ׵ɢˡ
лǰ
׵ۣŷǳ˸м;أȻԷѾɢŷȻйĵһл
ߣ߾˽һˣ˼ǽ
ˡ
ԺٶȻ׵ɢǰǵŷкȻһ˿һ˲ŷ粻ӵӰȻͣ
ৡ
ŷͣˣ⣬ɲ˶ͣЪâŹŷХ
Ҽǽҡ
ŷ૳˫Ŀһ˲֮ͬһѷıһ㣬ŷ֮âӿ
⽫Ҫ֮ʣŷȻһͺȣ
򡭡顭ڡ


063 
ৡ
Źŷ£һ˲֮䣬ϵƶΪ֮һ䣬ѾˣǱһƥľһ㣬֮бâܹͬһ㣬ֱ
ꡭ
ŷĿ֮Щ⣬޲һԶ飬۳Ʈɢһܹ
ݡ
һ̣֮оٶ޾һĽ⣬ǵصĳŹŷֶâһֱӾͽŷ籾Ѿ鲻·˲һѷĩ
ŷɫƽû˿Ĳ˫Ŀ֮罣һľâһ˲֮ٶȱǣͬһ㣬ֱǴ͸㽣⣬ǽ֮ϡ
ˡ
ڹŷĿע֮£ǽĵӡᣬڴʱĲϵķ֮
䡭
һ̣ǾһѾͬɽһѹʱȻٶȱǣһ˲֮ȫ˹ŷϣõùŷֱͦļ΢΢Щ
ٶۣǳŹŷХȥ֮ϵķ֮â֮ղţҪǿʢ֡
Ȼ֮еĹŷ磬ʱȴǻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڽ⽫Ҫ֮ʣ
ֻŷ˫ϱ任ĽһӡᣬŹŷӡĲϱ䶯Ľ⣬ʼԹŷΪģֶܸ֮࣬Ȼ˿Ƚ֮еĽѷɫֺ
ơ
һ̣ŷӡٶһ䣬ȳ
ৡ
ʱ䣬ڹŷĽ⣬ȫĽ⣬ЯԴɽ֮Ž֮еĽӭȥ
顣
ײ֮һ˲֮䣬֮н쳹ķâ֮ҷɶõ󣬶һ˲ҵĻζ
ͻȻ䷢ı仯ȻӲ۲ˣոջЩŵĹ㳡һ˲֮ٶȷ֮ڶ
ô£ôͻȻ䱩ˣǰûз飡
⽣ı仯ŷʦйذɣϾڽ֮еģֻʣ¹ŷʦˡ
пܰϾŷʦڽ֮дôʱ䣬һЩҲ˵
ŷʦѾڽ֮м߰˸Сʱпܻλսʦµļ¼ֻƺѾˣϾλսʦֿһһҹء
ܶӣһ̶ΪŷѣϾܣʵ벻Ŀܣ˵ŷͽӲӲǿ붼롣
ѵŷʦҲ޷սʦֵļ¼𣿡
ŻڲϱĽ˾ͽµĿҲһ˿΢΢ʧ̾
Ȼ˶ΪŷѾ֮ʣϵУȴǶȻһâ˫ܹͬ󣬿龰һ㡣
Сһ﾿ʲôȻܹͽ󿹺⣿Ƭ֮󣬴һ˼ĵ૵
淢һ𣬹ŷȻ֪ʱͬһڣһ㣬һⲻڱֺͽ֮еĽ˫˫ɢ
ưɣ
ڹŷ罫֮еһ֮ʣٶȱȳĻ£쳣Ľ⣬ͬʵıһ㣬ٶӶ
ˢˢˢ
ͬһ㣬ڹŷһȦȻͬâһӶݺݵĺ˽ĵӡ֮ϡ
䡭
ꡭ
Ƶײ֮֮쳹𣬶ǽĵӡᣬҲڴʱӦ飬ɢ
¡¡
һ˲һ󳹵׵ıѿ
ৡ
ʱ䣬Ž󱻱ƣͬʧȥһ㣬Ź㳡֮ȥ

һЩùļһֱڽʧܵ˲˿ڣҺЩ󣬲ȻĻһ£ǾҪвٵ
ˣҲõǱ˲䣬дĵޱȡ
ãˡ
ϵһ˿𾪣Ҳ˲ֱǷԾϿգĽһۻҵӡᡣ
ҷ⣡
һ˲ŭһһǳŽ·ȥ
ˡ
ŴƵ£ʱ䣬񱩵ӿһ˲֮ͽγһ㱡֡
չ֮еҷɵĽ⣬Ҳһ˲䱻赲£ȫ֮ϡ
ֻõô˶εĽ⣬֮ϣֻһ˿ͳɢȥ
ӡ
û뵽ӡʩչˣǽ֮Уʲô
һЩЩʶĵӣټ˴ʩչ֮󣬶ʱһ𾪵ľĿУǳ˺;塣


064 ʯ
䡭
֮У䣬쳹ķâ֮֮µʯ㳡ǸƻһͿ
ðһеĶƽϢҳɢʱһۡȴ쳣ͦεӰĳ˵֮С
⡭
ųеһĻĿ֮нǳɻ󣬾һԵ˾ͽ£Ҳǲ̶̵һ˲䣬׷ʲô顣
˶ЩԴµʱͦεӰȴǻת˫Ŀ֮лľ⣬ͬâһ㣬ֱ
ǱĿɨˣ޲һĵվǰĲһˣһ˺صľһ㡣
ָоһ˲õǸܵϢ
ŷĿ֮еĵӶʶıܿߣһЩѾ˻𣺡˭ôԺ˵ɱˣҾ͸˭
ϣƣӦò㷸ɣ
ʱŷҲǽĿ⻺˰֮ϵĴϣЦʵ
㣬Ȼ㡣
ϴЦһһӣָ䣬˹ŷǰЦе˵û뵽ھȻܳţҪ֪Դڿδ֮ʱܴƽ󡣡
ǺǣҲΪһЩͻƣȻĻҪ̸ף
ŷӣЦһ仰û˿ǫ飬Ͼʱ̣׵۸һָʾͱˣĻܴҡڵվ
ͻĻԵȲ˵Щˣ˵˵ĳɼɡ
ҡͷһЦŵȻڽֻ֮˾ŸСʱȴƵѾˢļ¼ĵһ
˵ϻһתҪǰȴҪٹأֻ˳
ףŷ΢΢˹ͷӦ
ãȥ׼׼ڶ飬ϾͿʼˡЦŵ˵ͷ
ǡ
ŷӦһȻ㳯ϯλ֮ȥڽԣŷҲһЩ˽ģڶĲ飬Ϊʯۡ
νʯۣ˼壬Ҫһʯʯͷϣһۼ
ȻȽϼ򵥣Ҫȴ˭ԵģΪʯɲʲôһʯͷ
ŷΪżҵʯҲһЩ˽⣬֪ʯһʯھ֮γɵһʯͷ
ʯͷӲޱȣ鵤ԪǿߣҪһʯ飬ǼΪѵģɴҲԿʯжôӲˡ
ҲΪʯʵأԳһЩǿ߶ѡˣÿһʯֻҪһ֣ͻᱻһգҲˣʯмУԼʹǹŷ磬Ҳûļʯģ

ŷ罫ƵϢϲûкھΪʲôŷҲ̫ŷҲǼƽ֮ˣûҲûţߵ˾ͽԵʱ򣬾˾ͽҲ̲ס棬ʵ
ŷʦܣһоô°
˾ͽеĺ棬ŷȴǰ֮Ҳܵ
Ȼˣ仰ŷҲҵ˾ͽµ˵ģȻģ˴ʦ㣬ɲһôǵ顣
õ˾ͽ֪ŷһ˲뷨Ļ֪᲻ᱻЦϾҲֻ΢ͨһЩ֮һƤë
Ǿǳľ֮ͨҲʲô鶼֪ɣĻǾˣ㡣
ԺͷŷҲһƨ˾ͽµԣЦˣһСİѽŪʧˡ
ʲôǱŪʧˣ˾ͽһЩ˼ľ
ǰɣŷҡҡͷЩ˵
Ŀ˹ŷһۣ˾ͽȴǰˣղŽ󱩶ʱֻйŷʦڽ֮У˵Ҳпܡ
ֻǡ
˾ͽµü΢΢һ壬ʧô£Ͽɲûйر󷨰
ѵǹŷʦܽˣ
˾ͽµĿ֮һ˿˼飬˿˼飬ܿͱп棬Ϊʵ벻Ŀܡ
˵ƽЩףǹŷ֮͸ܹƽ󣬵Ҳʲôܷ顣
һеĹϵ˾ͽ¿ŷĿУҲȻķһЩ仯ֻЩ仯ԼûвҪ˵ŷˡ
ʱĹŷ磬ѾǱĿץʱָĵȻղˣԼڵҲǳ׵һգŻ֧ţûȼֵ飬Ѿˡ
ڣ屶ڳ˸ָ֪ٶȣҲҪԶԶˣֻһӵʱ䣬ͲѾָҡ
Ȼûлظ۷ʱڣӦʯۣŷȴоѾˣطҲʵڲʲôĺõط
ʱŷ΢յ˫ۣҲٶȻԭ֮һľâʱҲѾ׵ȥٶȻָǰں䡣
ŷ籾ȴɸһַâ¶ĸоָоһûнʵıһ㣬â
¡¡
ڹŷ˫۵ʱ򣬾޴Ĺ㳡֮ϣҲһƵ촫һСɫʯԹ㳡ص֮ȵ˹㳡֮ϡ
νʯɣû뵽ھȻôһ
ŷ翴ͬСɽһľ޴ʯ飬һ˿죬û뵽ʯ˺ĶڣȻôһ顣
ǰһʯóȥˣӦֵǮɣ
ŷк޳ܵһ뷨ţ뷨ԲֹһˣΪðǵӣ֪ǾԺ͹ŷ綼ͬһ뷨
Ȼˣ뷨Ҳһ룬˭ҸжĻǾԣĺܲҡ
˶ĴǾ޴ʯʱ򣬴ǻҲڹ㳡֮쳹
ڣʼеڶزԣʯۡ


065 
Ŵϵ£ϯλ֮ϵеӣǾһȻڶغûжĹϵܹűƴȫıԣҲһܲ顣
ৣৣৣ
˴ʱҲŶʮӰӶȵ˾޴ʯ֮ǰ֮Уżֺ棬Ҳżء
Ȼ⴫˵֮ӲʯҲõǲ˿Ĵ⡣
ŷʦܣɾͿıඣ˾ͽƤĶԹŷ˻ȭͷЦ˵
Ǻǡ
˾ͽµӣŷεĿЦһû뵽ǰһֱǶׯľʦ㣬ȻҲôΪ֪Ŀɰһ档
΢΢ҡͷŷҲϻֱǽӰʩչһ֮£ѾǳʯԱߣٶ֮죬֮Ʈݣ˳ڶĺȲ֮
ʱĹŷ磬֮ǰڽ֮еı֣ѾǿǰĸǧҶ壬༸ɽ壬ҲǶԹŷʵóϷ
ϾɽȻ൱ҵľϵǵ˫Ĳ̫ʱνľҲͱòˡ
˶Ѿ̨΢΢˵ͷЦڶصĲܼ򵥣ǾʹȫǿֶγʯֻҪܹʯ֮ºۼǾͨ˵ڶ飬֮ûͨ
ˣô򵥣ǾȴصĿʼɣ˵꣬ϻ˻֣˲ʽʼ
һֵһ꣬Լʮ˾꣬ıȽ˹ģһǹӶһ㣬Ʋɵ
ȡ
һȣǻгǹʱֶɣͬһ֧ҵһ㣬ݺݵسʯ֮ϴȥ

ײ쳹ȻľƵһǹȴûʯ֮κκۼһ׵㶼ûС
˻
ȫûκκۼʯ̲סĵһȻʯļӲҪԶԶĳǵԤϡ
ǹŷ磬ûгκεľȣҶڻʧܣҲûκε⣬ƺһж֮һ㡣
ʵҲȷˣԹŷȻ㲻رֻҪʵ֮µˣǺ׵ľͻᱻ
ղŵһֵʱ򣬹ŷѾ֪겻ܳɹҲȷͬŷһ㣬Էʧˡ
ɽʧܣһϿһʯ

ŴϵĻ£һȽϴ꣬ǰ̤һʼ
ǻԹʹõһƻƵĻټľ޴󹥻õôʽʮ㡣
Ȼ쳹ҲٶʧˣһСɽʯ֮ϣӲûһ˿һĺۼ
ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷЩصȻ֮ͬѾٮٮߣǱϾܵȼƣҪʯۣ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ЩɺƿĿ⣬ŷ翪ʼʯ֮ϵЩۼ
ЩۼдСǳȻʵͬĵµģЩۼУһۣΪעĿġ
ǵۼһ߶೤һΧڶǳĺۼһȣ˲ֹһȻۼˣȻѰ֮
ŷ綢ǵĺۼ֮ӿһ˿âаۼӦþλΪдɫʵսʦµİɣ
ںܶ˿еǸսʦ֣ŷʵûж˽⣬ֻ֪λδʦ֣ŶΪĴڡ
ΪŶܹƵļ¼ڽ֮мֵʱһһҹʯ֮ϣȻҲܹԽĺۼ
һ˲䣬õùŷҲǶǸսʦôһ˿棬ֻ˵ԷѾʧˣҲ֪Ƿ񻹻š
ǿϧأ
ͷ̾һһţŷ粢û˿ļ֮ģеֻҪһϸµս⣬ս⣬֮ͬս⡣
ȻԷѾʧЩ¼ȴһֱȻˣǾҹŷһһļ¼ɣ
顭
ڹŷһͷʱһ˵Ĳ飬Ҳˣֻذʫڵһʮˣȫûʯºۼ
һصĵӣҲʼЩϾȻΪǿҲǿ̫ࡣ
ʫС֮Щɥ˳ŷ翴һۣŲŲŲվûжȻղõԹŷ֮ͥ£ȻǺ͹ŷ׽ĺʱ
ңʫȻ潿ģȴҲǳǿź͹ŷʵԽԽҲõСУôһ˿Լѹ
ϾŹŷֵԽԽɫߵŮˣҲһԽԽɫʫȻòκˣϣòŮӶȥˣұʵҲв٣ǲ뱻ŷ˦ֻŬҪŷ̫Զ
Ϊ֪ǿԵʣʫĿ⣬ŷȻܹоõȻҲЩʫ꣬ڣȻǶŮ鳤ʱ򣬶ңħ飬һֱѹڹŷͷõͲҳڸ֮С
ԣʫעӣŷҲֻͶ˶Էһ񣬶ֽĿڲԵļϡ
صʵȻҪصǿϲ٣Ȼÿһ˶ܳɹУѾһ˺ۼ
ܿ죬ؾֻʣºһˣԶҲѾɹ˺ۼ
ں飬ŷҲŲٵĺ棬СѾͷڽ֮мֵʱ䣬ԶҪһЩȻСѾͷҲԼĵơ
١
˵עӣ鵱һ߳ǿҪӻĴ󵶣Ȼʯ֮ŭնȥ
ৡ
źĶֻǰһһĵâٶ֮죬ȴûмܹ塣
⡭
һŵĵâŷͫȴȻһһ˿˼飬˻̫˽⣬ǹŷ磬ȴ˽ⲻˣղŵһǿ֮⾳ĵ硣
ԭˣֲأ
ŷ𾪵ͬʱҲһ˿Ȼڽܹ֮ôʱ䣬ԲżȻƾʵʵ
ֻõùŷû뵽ǣ龹ȻѾ˿֮⾳ĵ磬츳Щ̬
͡
ǰһ֮ʣǵâҲǺݺݵʯ֮ϣײͬһ˶֮һ㣬ֱǽʯƿһĺۼ
֮⾳ĵ磬Ȼǿ
ںܹȡĳɹŷ粢û̫⣬˿֮⾳磬ǹԻ˲䱩Խսϡƽ飬Խûпܡ
Ȼŷû⣬ǳеˣȴǳԾŴͣͨղż˵ı֣ѾᵽʯļӲǴʱ龹Ȼܹһۼõˡ
ŷ磬ȻǰĻҲĶ֣죬ҾͺԱԣ˭ʯ֮µĺۼôɸң
ʱŮ߰ͦͦظһȻĿŷ磬ö֮


066 Ƽ¼
ǡ
̧ͦͷĽŮŷʱЦһû뵽ԷȻַʽս
һ벻Сأ
ŷͷһ뷨ȻľܾǶԷϾǺԶãɮҲÿɣ
ңЩִŵСѾͷŷҲᣬΪִŵľõùŷЩ壬Ͼ֮;Ҫľִš
ԷһҪԽĿ꣬Ҳ޺ϾҪЩĿ趨ǶԴ
ŷֺγˣʱЩԵŵĿ꣬ԳԽΪĿ֮꣬ԻĹھΪĿ꣬ڣ󱮵ΪĿ꣬лһԶĿ꣬ǾǸħ
ҲΪһĿ꣬ŷĶ˶׷ִţԺ̶ܴ˵͹ŷ磬ǼƵġ
ֻǣŷܹ˳Խô𰸺ȷܣ
ι㵽׸ҲҴӦ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬺Ҳٶһ˲֮䣬õ˵Ŀ⣬˹ŷϡ
ԶĺԶǶŹŷ΢΢ʼ磬¶һ˿Īı顣
ðҴӦ㡣ŷϺȻ¶һĨõЦݣ˵
ߣ⻹ˡ
ŷڴӦɫһһǸŷڳһλãһϾĿŹŷ硣
ŷһЦҲ˵ʯȥֱʯ岽֮ңʱŻͣ£
˵ŷʦһܹȡʲôɼ
ԹŷʦֵʵҪʤǿ϶ģֻǲ֪ŷʦܲܳսʦ֡
ҿЩϾڽ֮Уŷʦ־ͺսʦֲһЩ
Źŷۣ㳡ϯλ֮ϣҲٶȿʼһ֮ǵĿ⣬εĶŹŷʯƺ´κһʵϸڡ
ৡ
˵ע֮£ŷ΢յ˫ۣҲһȻľâͬһֱռ䣬ӿһĪĺ⡣
Եڰʽ죡
ŷһһһͨڵսǳУȻ׷սս֣ŷϵٶڶͬҪʵһ㣬΢һصӣǸо΢΢һͣȻԶһЩ
͡
Źŷ绰£һʵһâȻ׷ս֮ϳ𣬹֮õÿв쳹
ƣ
һ˲ŷĿһе׷սȻ£ڴͬʱǾ޴âҲһţݺݵؿʯ֮ϡ
䡭
Ƶ죬ڹ㳡֮쳹𣬿񱩵磬ͬ籩һ㳯ɢȥĻҳ
ôˣ˭Ӯˣ
ȺУһ쳤˲ӣǹ㳡֮ϵ龰ȴҳڣУʱЩһһֱУͲԾϯλֱ㳡֮һ̽ˡ
ȻΪźͼеģȴϯλϵЩһڹŷ߲Զĺ顣
ڹŷʵȻûᣬڽ֮д˾ŸСʱ֪Ƿǳ̬ˣһ̬ԣܲ
Ҫùŷ֪Щ뷨ƿܻɱˡ
˼͵ĵȴ֮£ҳҲǳ׵ɾˣֻ˿ʯʱȴ΢΢㶣һ˽ǿʼȺ֮
ô°Ȼûкۼ
ǰⲻܰոŪôĶôһۼûأ
ǣԹŷʦֵʵôҲµۼɣ
Ⱥ֮еۣһڹ㳡֮ϵĵӣҲǷ׷׽ĿʯȻǿûһۼʯʱͬ㶣飬Щš
ȻӮʤҲ֪ҪӮ˹ŷ磬ɲʲôһ׵飬ǴʱӵĲͷ
ν³ɲΪŷղŵһǻӣſɰüͷʯԱȥ
⡭
Ȼߵʯǰʱжʱ΢΢һûкۼǺۼˣˡ
ֻڹŷոõĵطһ߶೤ѷ죬һѼĳ̶ȴš
ȻѷϸСǺȴȷǹŷոŪĽ

ںϸ۲ѷʱʯ֮ҲǴһ죬һ߳һ߿ʯʯ֮˵ϡ
˻
УͻһĻ𾪵ŴͣУŨŨĲ˼飬ǿû˵˭Ȼܰʯһ
һľǿߣҲѰ쵽ɣ
ЩӣϣҲһ˿һţЩӣϸ˽ŷĵϸ
СһǴϰ֮ǰѾ˽󣬶ڣȻʯһµļ¼ҪСһˣڰ
ϵһ˿֮ɫли̾Ҳο
ߣû뵽㻹Щ£־ˣһ죬һġ
鵹Ҳɴֱ࣬ӵľˣȻŮҪǲܹŷ磬϶ǲˡ
ɣ
ŷЦһҲûж˵ʲôλصı֡


067 ǰĲ
ʣµˣʯ֮˺ۼȻû͹ŷ̬ȣҲǿ˹ء
ˣͨڶģϹŷ磬Ҳֻʮˡ
󣬵ҲͣĿʼˡ
飬Ϊϴνϴ󣬾֮µĵɵĴ󣬶ߣҪϴ󣬲ͨ˲顣
͵һֵĽȣѶҪֹ
ĽҲȷ֤ʵܹʮ˵ĶУֻйŷͺͨ˲飬ɹĻǰ
Ϊ򽣹ŷҲٶˢսʦµļ¼Ϊһˡ
ʱҲʽȫ
ڶɢȥŷҲٶȻصǧҶ֮ϣѵõʱ̣Ϊոڽ֮ͻƣԹŷһʱҲûټͷޣǽĶǰܹõĲ
죬ʱ䣬ڹŷΪе״̬֮¿ţУŷ缸Ŵ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ʫġ
Ϊ󱮲֮󣬹ŷͻĴʦԼʦһͬţǰΪŵӣʫҪΪŵӣҪü֮ĽԲģʫһʱΪ˵Сèõùŷְ
ʫ֮⣬УҲǲϵһ͹ŷսȻսŰܣȻСӵȤȴĸ߰˵ĲԼǹŷһ㡣
Ȼˣʱ䣬ŷҲһ˾ͽ¾͸˺ܶйɴ½顣
˾ͽ˵ɴ½ޱߣһһŴݣŷڵݡ
һݵУ˴½֮⣬һݣǱֳ˶ϱĿ½ݱϴ½
ЩҲдСݲڶС֮һԲ̶ȣǿߵûȡ
˾ͽ˵ϴ½֮ϣһƷţţ߳һ֣ǿ̼佫ݸɴ½ϳ
Ŷɴ½Ľһ˽⣬ŷͷҲЩȣаԼԺһҪ߳ݣȥؿ
ŷ֪Ҫ߳ݣǾ͵Ҫ㹻ʵûʵֻ»û߳ݣͱ˸ɱˡ

յ̫֮ʣŷͺԼɽĴʦִʦ㣬ĵ˹Ʒɽ֮ϡ
˵Ʒɽۣŷ绹ûû뵽󱮣ȻڹƷɽ֮ϡ
ϵЩ£˹ŷ缸һۣ󿪿ڵڿʦȱУһԼ򣬶ҹ似Ҳв٣ܹʲôջȫƾǸ˵컯ǿ󡣡
ǣס
ŷ˽һ࣬Ӧ
ţ׾ͺã󱮲ռУ浱һռУռ䣬龳֮ϵǿ߽ȥԣʲô鷳ҲֻԼ
ϵ˵ͷŵˣǾ׼Ŀռ䣬ץʱȥסһ֮һٶȿռ䣬ʱҪǻĻɾ͵õȵһ֮ˣ𣿡
ףŷ缸ٶȵͷ
ãҾͿռˡ
ϵ˵ͷ࣬񱩵ʼӿǳƻ۶ȥ
ҿ
Ƭ֮䣬ϵѾǳһȫ۶ɵһƶʱĳ
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֮УųƵ촫һռѷڹŷ缸ǰ֣һ쳣鶯ѷ֮Ӷ
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ڹŷнǺ֮ʣϵı͵𣬹ŷ˹˲æһʩչѷ֮˽ȥ
ˡ
ڹŷ缸˽ѷ֮󣬴ϵҲǶȻɿдһѷٶûһ˿ĺۼ
ǺǣϣǶջɣ
϶Цһ𽥱䵭󳹵ʧ

˵ŷ缸ˣʱѾǳһƬصĿռ֮УƬռ䲻ֻзԲɵӣ͵׵Ƭռ䣬Ͳͬն
ƬЩ谵Ŀռ֮Уһʮ׸ߵĹڿռ룬쳣ۡ
ʯʯǽ֪ǺβϵɢŲɣϵϢ
𣿡
ŷǰ޴ʯһ˿棬Ȼûв򣬲ֻۿҲܸоʯĲ֮
ڹŷʯʱ˾ͽµˣѾȫϥʼ
ôҲʼɡ
ŷ΢΢һЦҲɣͬԭ󽫸֪̽ĹӶȥ
ˡ
ڹŷ罫֪Ĺ֮ϵһ˲䣬ȻоһתٴγʱѾһΪصĵط
սһƬɱսһƬѪ˱ǵս
ô£ôˣ
ŷ΢΢һ㶣ЩףΪʲôǰ򣬻Īĳ
ŷ绹˼·ѾŴ󵶳ŷ˹ĵ棬õùŷףƺǻþʵ
΢΢һݣŷҲæ齣һ
ȻõùŷɿǣոսһѴ󵶣ӶֱҪ
һʱ䣬ŷֻȫӦԣҷģ֪Ӧòʵ磬Ļ
ڹŷ˽ǽ״̬ʱ֮ǰ˫۵ǧӣȴʱȻ˫ۣУŨŨɱⱬ
ٺ٣Ƕ죬Ҳ֮󣬾ǵڡ
һ䣬ǧͬǲ


068 ðˣɱ¾
ɱ
ս֮ϣɱ֮һֱãã˺ͬ˳һ֮

ŷ絥ս׽вʩչӼ䣬Χļ˸񵲿
ʲôط
˼ܿ˵Χŷɨһɽ˺սü
˵ʵǵģҲЩɻﵽǲɵĻþˣϾ˱ǵѪζԼĺɱʵ̫棬ǻþĻþ֮˵ʵЩֲأ
ɱ
Ȼڹŷ΢΢֮ʣżӼ䣬ֱҪ
ˣһһɣڻȽǰѹ˵
âŷȫƤΪ֮һ²Ҵ⣬æӭȥ
ڹŷս֮ɱʱ˾ͽ¼ˣҲ˸ֲͬĳܵ˵Ƕ͹ŷһû֮еİ
Ǳħ׷ɱǱΧûһŵģȻһУɵģֻЩˣ֪ˡ
ǧˣڻҵȵ˰
һƬΪصĿռУһλϥߺ׷ͯգ˫Ŀǳһ貣ܹգ͸е顣
ʱĳһƺһȴǧ֮õˣڳˡ
ţħ˵Ϣ
ʱüͷ΢΢һ壬漴ĿתǧڵƬռ֮Уû뵽ʱǧ꣬ħ˾ȻֿʼԾˣң쵽֮ڣħپҪٴˣҲ֪һܷ࣬ƽȹػסһƬ
ˣһУѾȥͷûйϵˡ֮΢΢ҡҡͷһʧ̾
ŷȻ֪ڰУȻһܹ̽е١

ʱţգۼ䣬ŷѾƬս֮д˽ʮʱ䣬ʮʱʮɱ¾
һʼʱ򣬹ŷЩ˲ûɱ֣ΪϾˣҲκһӪ
ʱţŷ罥һ⣬ǾǾɱ֣ЩҲɳһߵӲǵ׷ɱ
ңŷ緢һӿɱ飬Ӫ֮еģȻͬʱ׷ɱֻҪ֣Щ˾ͻʱķ˴֮ìܣһ¶Ըŷ硣
Ҳ¹ŷ粻òɱ֣ǣͬûһ㣬ɱҲ޷ɱеˡ
ⲻʮŷѾɱ˲°ˣ׷ɱˣԽԽࡣ
Ҳ֪Ҫβ뿪ĵط
ŷһʯͷϣһ鲽׷ս֮ϵѪ
ʮɱ¾ŷķ֣ԼоȻʼӿһɱ¾ɱԽ࣬ҲԽǿҡ
ҾŷѹƣҲ𲻵˿Чѹƹɱ¾Խǿңõùŷ綼Ǿ
Ͼŷɲһֻ֪ɱ¾λĻˡ
ֻǣһѾĳƿأЩһһϮɱõòɱˣһԽɱԽࡣ
ɱ
̶̼ӵϢһɱŹŷ߿ȥֻһӰʮ˵Ķ飬ٶȳŹŷ
һεƺֱһζ˲ٰ
ŷ翴ųİʮˣüͷԽеĲҲԽǿҡ
ĲЩˣΪЩ˵ʵǺܸߣһضûдﵽǵʵܴ̫Σա
ΪԽĲЩ֪ʵ㣬ֻȴɺηĲϳ𹥻Ϊʲô
ŷ벻ףˣҲް취ΪЩ˸Ͳ˵κλֻ֪һ֣Ǿɱ
ҡͷŷ緭Ծ´ʯ׷սӭȥ
ǹŷûӣǸ·ӣսӰӵͻᱻ׷ɱԾʵ֮󣬹ŷֻʡЩԭˣɱһ֮Ϣһʱ䣬ָ

ɱ
ɱ¾ս֮ϣԶͣЪһ㣬ǳɱ֮һֱս֮ϻص͸Ƣ
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ʱĹŷ磬ͺǰͬԭһŴ۵СʱҲ˲ɣϣ׳ĺ磬õùŷ翴Ұʮ㡣
ʱŷĪѾȥʮ֮ãʮʱ䣬ʮɱ¾ŷѾǲԼɱ˶ˣȾ˶Ѫ
һ򣿾Բֹ
ʮ򣿱⻹࣡
򣿲˰ɣ
ŷѾǱѪȾ˺ɫԭڵ׷սҲī֮ɫ
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ݵϢһֺɱ֮һ֧˵СӣٶȳŹŷ緢˽
ŷɫĮ֮ͫû˿ĲƣһѾ˺ܶһ˿
ɱ
սŷͬ˻һѪɷ֮γʵһ㣬ڱӿȾ˰ʡ
һ˵Ѫɷ֮͵϶Էˣɴ˿ɼŷʮ䣬ɱ˶ˣĻܻŨɷ
̱ӣѪ죬ŷ֮һ㣬׷սãÿһ£޲ʮ
֪ģŷԼûз֣ڵսѾǿ̶ֲֳȡ
ʱ䣬ŷٶȻصԭأ˶飬Ҳһ⣬ȫ䡣
նɱ֮󣬹ŷɷ֮ҲԽŨ֮ƿлŵŨѪ֮ζ
ʵԲ֮ˣֻǱŷɷ壬ƶ᲻׵ɥʧ־
ʮˣҲ֪澿ʲôӣѾΪ˰ɣ
Ĳս֮ϲѪŷǹһĨɬЦݣʮǹŷлһ˿ִĻֻͱɷǣһֻ֪ɱ¾ħ
Ҳ֪ûгȥһ죡Ҫ˶ãҾҪΪɱħ˰ɣ΢΢ҡҡͷŷЩį̾һ
ðˣɱ¾⣬Сһ𣿡
ʱȻһЦõùŷ飬һ˲ұ䶯


069 
ʲôðˣɱ¾⣿
ŷһ˲֮ͷ޲ķץסʲôϸоȴֺʲôûУìܵĸоõùŷüͷ
ˡ
ռ֮дһ󣬹ŷǷ֣ǰĳʼ䶯ҰʬʧԻɽӵѪҲ䵭
⡭
ŷ翴ǰתĳ֮ͫǲ˼飬Ƭ֮󣬹ŷҡͷЦԭһУֻǻþ
ȻŷһֱΪǻþʱţͷԺ֮ҲǱĥš
ȻͻȻ䷢һУȴõҪĴٶȷ
Ҳڹŷͷʱȴûз֣òҲڷŻı任
ϵĺ𽥱̣󳹵ʧϵĲɣҲȴѾȾ˺ֺ֮ɫʱҲٶȻָԭģ
һеķͻʱ⵹һ棬õùŷΪ֮զࡣ
ǰĳֹͣ任֮ʱѾǺԭѪɫսһǱһƬɵռ䣬һλߣһЦĿŹŷ硣
ǰǡ
ŷð󷽲ӦȻ任ĳȻߣһʵȻ֪ǰǺˣԿ϶һеĹŹ֣ǰŪģ֮ǰѪɫսʮ꣬ǰйء
Сһڼˣڿʦ棬˵ҲʦүˣЦеĵ
ʲôڵĿʦ
ŷͷһЩ˼ĿǰߣǼǵãڵĿʦѾˣôĿռأ
ѵû䣿
΢΢ҡҡͷŷЩ̫ȷе뷨ˡ
ǲ룬ڵĿʦѾˣΪλ߷ܹŷе뷨һ㣬ŹŷЦеʵ
ǰܹ󣡡ŷ˵ͷ
Ǻǣʵܼ򵥣ϷȷѾ䣬վǰģϷ֮ǰµһ˿ǰˡ
ҡҡͷŵ꣬ħ֣ϷȻԹۣϧϷջǱһͷħˣ˼䡣
Ϸ֮ǰԼԼĹ似ȫĹ֮С
΢΢˶٣߿Źŷʵ֪ΪΣ
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩɻʵǰѵΪ˸ڵĺ󱲲𣿡
򣿵Ȼǣ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϸ֮ǰ֪һǳҪǾħǵĿǡ
ԣϷĹΪ˵ȴһӵԵϣܹ̳Ϸľѧ
Ȼ
ŷ΢΢һ㶣ףԭ潨ĹͲΪ˸ڵĵӲ򣬶Ϊ˵ȴһӵԵˡ
ڹŷЩͷʱߵҲٶ
ֻҲ֪ڷԣҪɾͣʵ̫ѣ˵֮һҲΪϷΪ˷ֹƻ͹ʵƣо龵ϵˣڣһ趨һܿһεơ
ԭˣ
ŷһ˿ȻЩ֣Ȼ󱮶ôĺôΪʲôڲһֱţһſһΣԭµĹأһУȻΪ˵һԵӵߣҲ˵ڵ
ԣϷһ˿ǽҪɢ֮ʣǰˣٹ죬ϷҪɢˡһ̾
ŷһʵǰһǰҲǰŪðɣ

ߵ˵ͷÿһοʱһģֻǾǧģϷĲѾҪϣǰĹ
ŷ簵˵ͷ;ͻȻǰӦʲôʷû뵽һоȻڱƶ
Ҳõùŷǿ߸ӵľ壬Ѿȥǧ꣬Ȼͨɲ⡣
ǰ֪ʮ䣬ڱʲôӣŷЩŵʵ
׵ۿǺ˵أħֻѪɫսʮ꣬ضԷҲˡ
ԶԷʵ֮ڣѰ˰ɣҲ֪żǷ񻹴ţ

ȻùŷĻȴǴЦһʮꣿ֪ϷĿռ䣬ж𣿡
ѵʮ𣿡ŷЩŵʵ
ȻǣϷĿռ֮УϷɵĸıʱ٣һ꣬һѣڣҲֻȥʮѣЩȻ˵
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ŷͷһžһϲô˵ԼҲʮѣʮʱ䣬ɲ̫
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ЦһŵϷ֣Ѿħ˵̽ӻ˽ϧϷѾ֣ܳԻҪˣ
ʲôҲħ˻ˣ
ŷٶһЩȻʵħˣŷ粢ûֱӽӴΨһһΣҲ׵ԶԶĸһħϢ
ȻֻϢҲõùŷеľħֻй¶ϢԽξǿ߸ˣǱԳֽ֣Ǻεȵܣ
ֻõùŷû뵽ǣڣħˡ
Ҳ赣ģħ˵ʵҲͺ࣬Խɱʱ˵
Է֮ŷͷһɣ̲סʵ
Ǻǣһڵʵ𣿡Цŵ
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ŷüͷ΢΢һڣȻһ˲ŷϱӿһĨ˼飬ͺκڣô£
ʮʵʮȼɲ̫찡Цһĵ
ԭѪɫսʵȻģŷһϲ
ˣϷʣµʱ䲻ˣˣʱһɣʱ΢΢˰֣˹ŷ˼·


070 
˵ţһ죬һС󱮣
ǡ󱮣ŷ̲סͺһ
ԣҲȫԡ
Źŷ΢΢һЦ߻͵Ⲣ󱮵ı壬˵󱮵顣
飿
ŷһ飬˵һЩ˵ֻһЩǳŻڡ
ֻõùŷû뵽ǣ󱮾ȻҲ飬ǲǾ˵Ҳһأ
ڹŷԺЩ뷨ʱߵҲٶȻ
󱮵ıȻֻһͨĹϷ֮ǰ򶼹עУǧϴѾǿʼΪ棬𽥱һûгɵİƷ
գϰ֮׵ľͿԽΪʱͻǣӵϷеļ䣬ʱӦû㲻ٰ
ŷ⶯ѣֽӹ󱮱ϾڵıǱȥڵŵӣԺʲô򰡣
뵽ŷҡͷһֻ̾ʹ˵ǰãǵȴҪ
ŶΪΣߺʵ
ǰ֮Ҷڶ˵ž޴ĺôǵӵȥΪѣŷ繧Ĵ
ѵģģ֮ʣѾ󱮱˵ȥҲעǲΪġ
ߴЦһŵң㲻ҪԺҲκεôˣϷϾͻɢ󱮾ͳ֮ûǣǲԶЩڵСȥģ
ڣԷ˰ɣЦеĿŹŷʵ
ˣͶлǰˣŷͷл
лҾͲˣѣϣܱȫܼҲҪ¸Դظٹ⣬ϾڣϷʵǲһ߻ĵ
ǰģΪˣȻῴѶܲˡŷɫһ࣬˵
ˣҾͷˣɢ֮ʣ󱮾ͻ֮ֻҪ㽫Ȼܹ뿪һ̾
ŷҲһأȻ߼Ҳһʱ䣬ǶλڵĿʦŷǷĵ壬Էͺ͵׵һȻǧ꣬ȴϵİο
СһúŬɣϷȥҲڹŷͷЩصʱҲٶȴЦһ漴ǱЩ̫ʵӰʱһۿɼٶȱ䵭ֱ󳹵ʧ
ǰߣ
ʧĵطŷ籯һ漴΢΢ҡҡͷеǷݱ׳⣬Ŀת䣬󱮵֮ϡ
ŷҲɣ󱮵ϵһαѪǿʼת
ڹŷרĵ󱮵ʱʱ䣬Ҳڿٵţգۼ䣬ŷ˽󱮣Ѿȥʮʱ䡣
˸˵Уȴûһģɳ󱮵ĸ֮С
ʱŵʮյʱ򣬺Ƥ΢΢һ˫ۣһ˳˲״̬
Ȼǵһ˳״̬ȴ˿û٣һ˿ϲɫȻһεĲҲǻ˲ջ
ں֮󲻾ãƷĴʦԼĴʦҲ˳˲״̬Ͻϲɫӡ
ʱ䵽˵ڶʮյʱ˾ͽº»Ҳͬʱ۾һЦҲԣԭأȴʱš
ʱ䵽˵ڶʮյʱ򣬽᰷ĴʦֽҲ˹۾ɲǣһʵҲ֮䱩ԭȵľڣһٿ˾κ۷壬Ǿ֮Ҳһ֮ңѡ
ʱٶţգۼ䣬ϵ˵һ֮ڣѾ죬ʱŷǧӣȴû˿Ҫļ󣬿༸Ľѡ
Ͼ˭ֶ֪϶ʱԽõĺôҲԽ
ǧҲˣȻŵϴʦûжãɱϾ֮ǰǱηǾŷհûһļһܻñǻҪ޴ĺôͲɵüЩۡ
ৡ
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ڱǵʵǧӵһ˿԰Ŀת䣬ӼɨȻĿ˻ûѹĹŷϣϵЦ⣬һһεɢȥ󳹵׵һ˿ɱӿ
ܼŹŷˣʱ侹ȻһǻõĺôһһҪϲ٣ǵ϶ŲС鷳
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071 ǧӵĿֲ
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ǧӡ任ȫ۶ɵľ޻ٶŭһ漴Ŀһת·˾ͽϡ
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ŵɶ˾ͽ£ǧٶЦһŭȳ
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ڽ֮༸ҲǷ׷չΣ˾ͽǰǧŭĿӡ
˴ʱҲǿˣǧӣǴɱ֣ûһ飬Ȼǲ֪һоΪʲôͬΪڵӣȻǲԹۡ
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˶վ˾ͽǰǧһ˵֣ԭȽϿգʱѾǱħһ档
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һζǧһ壬Ȼһƽֵĳ棬ò˵ͨѧܣʵ̫ǿ

Ѿɢȥ޻ǧӱͲ԰׵ɫʱǰ׵ֽͬһû˿Ѫɫ˫Թڽϻɨ
ǧӣס֣Ѳɣ뱻𣿡
ǧɱʵһ˫ۣ˵ͷ΢΢һ漴̲סŭȳ
ԣǶҪֻҪǶˣžͲ֪ˣǧӻЦ
ǧӷ𣿡
˲˼ĵһ֮Уһ˿塣
Ѿˣս֮˾ͽ¿Цһû뵽ǧӾȻѲ˼Ȼ޷ѹƶԷ
ֻǿϧŷ絽ڶû׼ļƻΪ˹ŷ磬Ҳ޷ʩչ
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˾ͽЩ뷨ʱǧӾȻٶŭһ˫Ľһӡᡣ
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ʲôǧӾȻһУ
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ղţ˺Ըһͷ޻ѾǼΪǿڵãǧӾȻֱͬʱͷ޻õǻôֵ
סҲÿȲ˵ǧӻ᲻ŹǣŹˣԺҲûٴˣңֻԺ֮·Ҳ͸õսˡ
뵽һۣǿ˶ԷеĿɬһͦõĻᣬŪ
ڿɬ󣬼˽һ˿ᶨȫʹ˳̵ʼԼΪǿĹ


072 ɰܵ
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ǧӣȻͬɫ԰ףƣȴǼΪǿʢХ䣬һɹεľ硣
ȿȡڣ׶༪ˡ
ҵĿ˼ֲ̧Ѫ˿Զǧӣ漴ߵļ˿Ц
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ǧͬǿ˼˵ĿУһ˿ЦǧӵĿǴӼƿ˲ԶĹŷϡ
ѾǱˣʧȥ˷Զڽˣǧӵرġ
ԣǧӵһҪɱģɲǽˣǹŷ硣
ڣҿ˭ܰ㣡
Ŀڹŷϵ˲䣬ǧӾһŹŷ˹ȥһ죬ɫʼı
ɣ
кɫһǧӵȻӶŹŷԴŭĶȥ
ǧӶֵɲǣԶ˾ͽµˣǲ̵ı۾аΪŷ
ȻˣҲ֪ҲãΪǼ֮⣬Ҳûбˡ
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Ȼʱŷյ۾ȴȻ֮к⣬ͬѪһ㣬ݺݵǧӵ֮ϣõǧӼӵΣΪ֮һ١
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ŷĿⶢţǧͬѪһ㣬Ĵһͬһ㣬˼ĵͺ
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ǧӵɫ׵Ҳ֪ΪʲôÿһԹŷʱر׷ŭƣԩһ㡣
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ʱǧӵȻһЦǧӱñӿһɴͬʧȥ˿һ㣬ǰ׷˳ȥصڵϡ
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˾ͽ¼ʱȻõýˣ˫ۣĿ˹ŷϡ
ŷ΢΢˵ͷöлλʦʦİȻĻҿɾͿѲˡ
ŷȻһֱ󱮣Ƕ淢һָƣ˾ͽ²Σȥǧӵʱ򣬸õùŷиж
ŷ磬ǧеõһͨѧףʦּ֣Ķ֣ҪСˣ
˾ͽµ֮һ˿أŹŷ
ţʦģǧӾͽˣǼλͰ˰ɣŷ˵ͷ
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ŷ磬Ҫ
ʱŷȻһĵͺ֮Źŷ΢΢תֻǧĿ֮УԹ֮ɫ
ǧǺ޲ó⣬Ѫı飬ŷԼҲ΢΢һ㶣ѵ֮䣬ʲô
ƺûаɣŷɲǵԼʲôʱǹǧӣǶԷһһεǹŷ磬Ҫŷɱ
ħХ죡
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ֻǧ˫ֽӡڱӿǰ۳һͷ޻״
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ԼͨѧŷƵǧӵͫ׶Ǿһһ˿ŨŨĲţôҲ벻޵ͨѧڹŷǰȻôĲһ
Ȼһ̣ǧӱǱ̹ǵĺ⾪˹ǾѪҺɵѪɫâ֮ͫм
Ӱ֣
ۿҪɥڴˣǧҲ˲̫࣬æ󱬺һ


073 սǿ
СӣҴҼȥ
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ӰȻ׵ľͽŷĵâ󱬣ǧӵжʱһ˿ϲɫָһָŷ磬
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Ӱĵ˵ͷĿƶ˹ŷϣһ̶ЦСӣɣ
һ䣬ǰӰͬһĴ˳ȥٶ֮죬һ飬գۼ˹ŷǰ󣬰Ӱצһ̽ǳŹŷĲץ˹ȥںڵƼ䣬һĿ
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Ӱһһ˿ץǲܵļŹŷĲ̽ȥ

ײ쳹𣬹ŷĽڰӰϣȻͬʯ֮һ㣬䣬۰Ӱ󣬾û˿ĺۼ

ѾǽߵצŷҲ̲סİһӰ˲ʩչԭһӰ䱾壬Ѿź˳ȥ
͡
צӹѣŷ壬˲䱻һƬޡ
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ŷĿ΢΢̧˰ӰеϣС֮ϣû˿ľʧ롣
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Ȼһ˲֮бǴһ֮Ž˽ŵעӣֻŷѪɫâںŵĳ£𽥿ʼѶһѷ첻ϸֶգ֮䣬Ѿͬ֩һ㣬Ѫɫâ
û뵽ŷʦôǿһȻ޷ֵԷĹǿߣȻǿ
ŹŷѪɫâ飬һۣǿԷеԼɬ
ϾǹŷҲǶԷֵĻôǧӷĸԣǶȻŹǵġ
뵽вⶼǸֳ˼˿Ρ
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ڼЩ뷨ʱ򣬰֮ٶȴһ죬ֻŷĵâվǲͰӰţ׺һмɢڰ֮С
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074 С
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ͬԶһײ֮˽ִϴݶε磬ŷͰӰڵķԲ֮ڣǳĺ޿϶
ŵŵš
ڽ˽ŵע֮£һ˲һΪǱӰź浹˳ÿһڵһĽӡ
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˿ǵ֮˵ʱ̲סͷһϲ˵֮ɫ
ŷ簡ŷ磬ԭҲս޲ʤ
ŻѾõĹŷ磬ǧſĴЦǼŤɫͬħһ㡣
ǧӣŷȴû˿ᣬһ˫ӣεĶɱĵط
Ϊŵע֮£绺ɢ¶һͬΪǱӰһѾֻʣڣǰѪۣ֮ŷ磬ҪǱ֡
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˿ڵİӰнһ˿𾪣û뵽ǿ簵ӰľǿߣǱŷŪǱŷʱսֲʲô̶ȣѵѾԺ;ǿ߿
ЩͷͬʱҲٶȽɲĿ˹ŷϡ
ŷ統Ȼ֪е뷨֪ĻһЦãʱȻȥҪȰӰһ㣬ֻԼ֪Ѿǵǿ֮ĩ
򽣹ڵʩչһ˲ͽڵĵһɶ֮ڻվţҲΪڹؼʱ̷̣һŻȻĻֻѾû˿֧վڵˡ
۰ӰȻȥǱȴǿʢȻȲ۷ʱڣǱŷȴ֪Ҫǿ϶١
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ŷһΪעŰӰһת˼ŶԸӰķֻƬ֮ȴӦ֮ߡ
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ڹŷѰ˼Ӧ֮ʱ򣬰ӰǼΪҲٶȴ˳һתɾûôˣ
ɣ
ڻոµʱ򣬰Ӱ壬ҲͬһӶŹŷ˹
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żٿİӰŷȻɫͷȴǰ򽣹ںɱ¾⣬νĿǰΪǿĹʽˣȻˣҲûиӰʲôʵԵ˺Լ˼صơ
Ȼһеƣ󱮱ϾǸոŷԼ֪󱮾Ŷܡ
οͰӰ֮޴ʵ蹵õսʤӰ졣
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ֻŷ˾ͽ»˷վһɫĹߣ˽ӶЩɫߵӣŷ˵ϢҲڴʱһ㣬ԵΪ
ŷʦܣ֮УսߣǱ㽫ʵʱĵӵϣӰ񣬾ͽˣ
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ӰǼӵӰڹŷ˲ʱ򣬾ͣ͹ŷ缸˹һսΪŷڲ֮ʱСͷһɿ֮õðӰ޷
ʱŷ˲ɣӰŸоǹɿ֮ʧȻŹŷ缸ȱǵƣõðӰĿ⣬Ҳǳ׵


075 
ߣʵ˾֮ΣҾ֪;Ĳ࣡
ŹŷڶǿƣӰʱŭһӰӣٶȳŹŷ˹
Ӱٶȼ죬ǹŷڵʵʱ˾۷壬ҲЩϰӰٶȣֻǰһһӰѾǰ
аƾ죡
һ̣ӰƶȻ̽ıգۼ䣬Ѿ۳һűȸղŻҪһֹš
һԽֲڴʱĻɢõռ䣬ƶһ˿𵴡
ٺ٣ɣ
ӰаЦһһ˿֮ɫ漴ƶȻӶ
䡭
񱩵ڰӰΧɢĵţЯԴݻһɽܣŹŷؿŭĶȥ
ŰӰһƵƣˣһ̶ȻɫȻ֮ǰǧʩչͨѧѾǿĺףǺͰӰһƱȴ˲䰵ͲᲢۡ
Ҳ֪ŷʦܣܲܵһƣ
һۣǿЦһƶĿ⣬˹ŷϣǵ֮ɫУȴһ˿ϣڡ
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һ̣ŷսףе׷ս͵ظ߾ٶ𣬶սĸ߾٣ŷƣҲڴʱʼ޵İθ

һѪɫľ޴â׷ս֮۶ʺɫͬڵѪһ㣬ΧĿռ䣬ò𵴡
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ϾӰ似ȼߣ֮ƣȫΪŻܣʱѾĵ߰˰ˣټϰӰͬƣԹ½ҲӦġ
ֻܼˣ
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˵󱮾ǧϴѾ𽥻Ϊ棬һƷ
ȻһƷܣȴҲܹͨġ
ֻŷ֮ǰû̽󱮵ܣԺͰӰս֮ʱŲҼ󱮣ʱӰʵѾ۷ʱڵһ룬֣Ҳٺʲ
д⣬ŷҲͲٶ룬һ˲Ŀ֮ϥ˫ֽһӡᡣ
ŷ磬㲻Ѿ˰ɣ
ŹŷģǧӶʱſĴЦڣɲΪŷ绹ʲôƣԹŷĶǧУɺ͵һ
ŷʦʱ⣿
»ѵĳ壬ţЩʵ
ŷʦܻʲôưɣ
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Ӱ¶һ˿ɭȻЦû˿ͣģŹŷԴŭĶȥѪķ
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˾ͽµˣڴʱ̵ı۾Ǳʹ;֮ɫ
󱮣ҳ
ȻʱԴѵûдһı֮
ź£ŷһ̯ʱ䣬һӭǣϹŷͷʱѾǱһɴСĹ
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ǰӰһ̣еĵ˶ǳԾŴͣŨŨĲ˼飬Ϊŷ绹еƣΪڹŷͷ֮ϵĹ


076 թǧ
ǡ󱮣
˶ǳԾŴͣŷͷĹĿУ˲š
ôܣ
ǧӵɫһ˲ò԰Ĩ԰ױǱȡ˻ߵĳŰӰӰ죬ɱ˹ŷ磬󱮣ҵģ
Сӣɣ
ݵͣһ֮󣬰Ӱ̽ƱٶȻӶŹŷͷŭĶȥɱ֮ɫ
ɱ𣿡
ŰӰϵɱ⣬ŷȴڴʱȻһĨÿĻȣӡı䶯󱮶ʱ΢΢һ漴һ⣬ŰӰ˹ȥ
ˡ
ųƵײ֮쳹һӰͬڵһ㣬һּΪݵٶȣź׷˳ȥص˵ϡ
͡
ӰһţһѪѪҺ֮УһЩ״С
һѪӰƣҲڴʱһۿɼٶήţգ֮䣬ӰϢͺ˾ͽ¼࣬ȻҲ˼صˡ
ʱӰٶȿ󱮵ĿУѾһĨȻ֡
ݡ
һӰˣҲǳŹŷ絹˻ȥһ⣬˹ŷ֮С
û뵽󱮵Ȼ֪֮һʼͼˣҲŪǱ
˿ѪİӰŷΪ󱮵ˣҲΪ󱮵ܶզࡣ
ŷСȻ԰ףǴʱȴһĨõЦݣĿӰӰƿǧӵϣЦЦĵǧʦ֣֪㻹ʲô
˵ţŷӰһͳǧ˹ȥ
ߣû뵽㾹Ȼõ󱮵Ͽɣ˵ĻѾ˰Ӱ꣡
ǧɫĵŹŷ磬֮УŨŨĲ֮ɫ
ǵģǧӾǲʣʹŷܹõ󱮵ϿɣҫӦǧӵĲŶԣŷֺεºأ
ʵǧ֮ڹŷ֮˷ԭ򣬽Ϊڵһѵ
Ĺߣڣ
Ȼѵֻж̶̵ʮ֣е˼ȴѾԶǾǵõ󱮵ˣͿƿڣΪڵһš
ֻǧû˳ɹĻ󱮵ϿɣԾö֮Ҳͽİѵһ䲻ʵֵЦ
ԣڹŷ󱮺õý˽һ˿š
ǺǣûаӰ㲻Ҳվ𣿡ŷЦЦĿǧӣҡͷ
Ϊ߿ܣôǧӺǹĵҲ֪ʱѾû˷̵ĿܣҲͲ˵ʲô֮Ļ
ǧӵӣŷȤҡҡͷʱǧӣѾǲǵǸܹĪѹǧӣڵĶԷڹŷУһ˵ĶͽһʵѾǵ˱ıԵ
ǽͨѧҿԿǲɱ㣡ŷ絭ĵ
ҪҵͨѧΣǧŭŹŷ磬ЩЪ˹ĺ
Ǿûʲô취ˣֻܽˣŷˣϮɱԼŵʦֵܣõڰҸȫ˰ɣŷʼ磬
㡭
ǧӵĺݻӲ˻ȥȷ˷Ϊõڽŭңҵĵֵ̣ܹסڵŭ
ʱ˵ûʲôǣңǧӻˡ
뵽ǧ˿˵
ȻһбҪƭ𣿡
ãҾͰͨѧ㣬ϣ˵
ǧĿ˹ŷһۣʼһֲĽոյõͨѧ˹ŷ硣
ǧӲͶȡɣŷұһͨڵľ磬޸ѧ΢ĶһطǱضʱױŷ
ԣǧȻѻ𣬵Ҳֻǿŭһֲ©İͨѧ˹ŷ
Ƭ֮ǧӵĿŹŷ磬ԷŹ˰ɣ
Ȼԡŷ۾΢΢УȻת
ȥɣ
ڹŷת˲䣬ǧеɱҲƲסıȭͷһ죬񱩵ۼ䣬ŹŷŭĶȥҪŷһɱ
ȻŷѾӦ˲ɱǧֲɵŷĲɱѵŻŹʰġ
֮ԼװŹŷ磬ҽͨѧҲ֪ŷ磬Ϊùŷɾ裬ӶһһɱĻᡣ
ֻҪŷɱǧӾİѽȫɱʱ޶֤Ҳûа취
ǧӴһ̡
ò˵ǧӵҲǸ˲ţô̵ʱڣܹ뵽ôһ⣬ͨˣ»
Ȼǧӵܴ
Ƿ񶨵ģΪŷûзɶǧӵľ裬ǸղתҲǽ֪˿ֻҪǧһ춯˲ĵ
ȿΪɻ
ŷ̾һ˫Ŀһ˲֮ǧӵȭͷҪϵʱһѪɫâȻǧӵ֮д
㡭
ǧӵȻһ٣ָŹŷ磬Ǹո˵һ֣ѾϢȫޣ˵ϡ
ѾӦŹˣ̰Ĳ㣡
ǧӵʬ壬ŷ̾ҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģǹŷѾ֪ǧӹħˣ˵ŹҲһ
ϾǧȻЩԹޣҲԵ̶ֳȣֻϧħŷҲܷŹġ
ǧնɱ֮󣬹ŷ˳ҲǽӰˣһУߵ˽˸ǰʼϥˡ


077 
ʱ䣬ڹŷ˵֮Ȼţʮյʱ֮ʣŷ˼ͬʱ˫ۣ֮ͫУһ˿ϲɫ
һε󱮲һμΪѵõĻᣬ˵ջҲȷ൱ֻϧΪ;ǧʣõû˿ϲá
ˡ
Ҳ۾֮ĲƬ̣ռ䣬Ȼһһѷ𽥵˺Ѷһƴ۵⣬õü˶̲סİ۾΢΢
ȻʱƬЩ谵ռУõüЩӦǴ۵ˡ
߰ɣ
˿˿ǧӺͰӰʬ壬̾һӼ䣬ѷ˳ȥ
ڽ˳ȥ֮󣬹ŷȴδֱ˫ַɿĽӡĴһ⣬û󱮵ı֮С
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Źŷ󱮵ıдһ⣬󱮵ıʱҵĲֱǰεض𣬳Źŷͷѹ˹
žŷͷԽԽ󱮵ı壬ȻһۿɼٶСţ˹ŷͷʱѾֻаƴС漴һ⣬˹ŷ֮С
ߡ
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ڹŷ缸ȫȥ֮󣬴бӿҲɢȥ֮ģǿռѷ죬Ҳϣ󳹵׵ʧ
ǧأ
ڼһɨüͷǽ漴żʵ
ϣġ
˵ţǽռ֮з飬ʹϸĽһ飬ôϵɫҲǲѿ
Ͼս˵ǹŷڹؼʱ˹ļˣӲһ⼸˶ˣǶ˵һСĴϾЩ˿ɶںĵӵԤѡ
ȲҪţ֮ۡϳżһ䣬Ҵææĸ˹ŷˣȥˡ
ŷʦܣѾǰչʮ֮󣬽ΪŵӣʱڹƷϱãĪҪʱ䡣
˾ͽʱĿ˹ŷϣ
ʮ֮ô
ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷЦҿǸϲˡ
ô£Ī㻹ʲôҪ𣿡˾ͽüʵ
ŷ̾һĵҺҹżңͬΪĴ֮һνǧɱҶȻưոݣҵĵ̣Ȼǲڵ鷳ʱ򣬿϶ǹżϡ
ԣҵøϻعżңҸף
ǣϲǲǽ鴫ȥֻҪǼ˲˵Ӧòֵ֪»ʱӹ˻⣬ɻĵ
ǡûв͸ǽοҲɵӣϵǧӣȻģң飬ǲô򵥰ŷЦ
ȻȻعżҰɣҪæǣ˾ͽҲ֪ŷĲ¹żңҲͲǿ
лʦ㣬ҪæҶȻῪڣڣҾȻعżˡ
˵ţŷͼ˸һȻչΣŹƷӶȥ
żҺڵľ벻ڹŷȫ·֮£ңԶ·Ӳһ㣬Сʱ䣬ŷٶ̤˹żҵĴԺ
ϤĽŷȴ΢΢Щ̾Ȼھϴ뿪żҲһµʱ䣬ǹŷȴ·ѾʮδһϾѪɫս֮УŷʵʵĴʮ꣬ȻΪʱٶɵģʱȴġ
ипһŷҲɣͳŹżҵĴ˹ȥ
Уŷĸ׹ƺ̸ʲô˵ЦȻǸˡ
壡
ŷ߽˽һ
С磩
˼ŷһ㶣漴ϱ¶һ˿Цݣ͸ǴЦ˵ܲٲܲپ͵ҸղŻں㸸̸ϵı֣û뵽Сͻˣǲһʲôѵˣ
ǽˣһΣǹżд鷳ˣŷЦ
Ŷô£üͷ΢΢һ壬æʵһԵҲһɻĶŹŷ磬ȴŹŷ翪ڡ
ҽǧӸɱˣŷε
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ŹŷĻƺͶȴͬʱһ漴صĵһУô£
ŷһ˿Цз飬һһʮĺ͹ƶ˵һ飬Ȼˣǧħ˵̽ӣŷȴû˵Ϊľ¹ƶ˵ġ
ǧɱ˾ɱˣûʲô˵ģɱߣ˺ɱ֮ҶȻưոݡ
ŷ˵ƺͶ˵ҲЩ£Ͼǹŷļʱģǹŷˡ
ҲЩͷ󣬻ҺǹżͬΪĴ֮һǹżһҪǿһЩҾǹż˵һĿ鰡
ߣʲôҪǸҾȫȥ͵һ˿ɫݺݵ˵

ƿͿЦһֵܣãɾ̫³çֱӿսĻܹҴܣǶڹż˵ҲȻһʹĴʱ˵Ĵˣܲڱ˵Ĵѹ´ڣһ
뵽ƲɵĽĿ˹ŷϣʵʲô뷨
ŷг˼һ£󻺻ĵҿĿǰΨһľǣƸ֣ǮûйϵһΣȻǹż˵һο飬ҲͬһλܹһǹżҵʵٶȱǣһԾΪĴ֮Ҳ˵
ãһΣͺҴһ
Ҳ࣬ĺݾ֮ŷ綼ѷɫֺŹŷķİͬ
һЩϸڣƺͶˣȥ׼ȥˣŷ磬ǻصԼСԺͷ
Ȼ˵ıȽɣȴ֪һνκһζҪΣգһãżҶŸԣ뾡ܵԼʵ


078 ӿ
ʱ䣬ڹżҵĽ֮ܲȻţգۼ䣬Ѿǹȥµʱ䣬ֻ֮ҵıȴٳûе
һӦÿɿĽŷͷȴԽĳˡ
ڹŷջصżҵʱʹŷпܻ΢һЩȻżû̫ʱ׼ܹ˵Ҳûʲô׼
ȻҳٳδõùŷףһΣѾ׼ѣض籩һңƲɵ
Ȼˣõùŷ԰ǣһȻҲʶ̬أϧѴĽңڳƸ֣õùżҵʵڶ̶̵һ֮ڣͱһֹ
УżΪһˣź൱ʵ۷壬ǹżҵ۷ս
ΪżҵĴҡ֮ˣҲĲ²⵽˹żҽŴ·һʱ䣬õǣһְӿյС
һµʱУŷʵҲһֱ˲ŵٶȣϵıš
Ϊѹԭ򣬹ŷʵȻڶ̶̵ʱУͻƣһٴӾκ۷ͻƵ˾ڡ
ңŷʱĲϰ󱮣Ҳ˽һϤʩչٲȻǰͬն
ŷţӰֻҪ󱮼ܰѰӰĺ޻֮ɱͲ񵱳ռǰǱ
ǰʵϵͻƣҲڹŷԤ֮Уõùŷû뵽ǣһżȻϰУȻİѰԵɱ¾ɹںϵһ
ԵһְԾһеĵľһЧɱ¾ȻͰԵȫͬ׹Ѫĸоͬ쳣ֲɱ¾⽲ľɱ¾ڣԴĳ̶ֳ˵ɱ¾ͰԵҲ๲֮ͨ
ںɱ¾ͰԵ֮󣬹ŷҲǸԵȡһµ֣ɱ¾Եһɱ죬һС
֮İԵֹʮ
ֻΨһõùŷЩһǣڽϵȴֹǰ뷨ǣ򽣹ںһģһ򽣹ڵٶȱǡ
ֻϧ뷨õģʵǲпģܹŷ粻׽һʱ֮䣬ȴҲͷ
ʱУŷҲǰСĲ֮ڸͺ͹żڵĸ֡
Ȼûо˾ͽµͬ˽ԴСĲ֮õùŷ΢΢ЩǸ⣬ʱʱڣŷҲ͹˲ôˡ
Թŷ˾ͽµ˽⣬ԷҲС֮ˣҲΪһС󣬾ͺ͹ŷ
ȻˣŷʵһĿģǾ˩סżλ֡
ϾԷȻǹżһؽģǵ֮ʣԷӣ㹻ĺôԷҳ϶ȣȻ١
Ȼǹŷ磬ң˭û뵽һеı󣬻һƶһеĴ֣ڰвٿǡ

ɽɽ֮ϣʯС֮Уǰϵʱվǰ
յϢ𣿡֮촽΢΢źϣһ
յˣֽϢ͸ҵģСӦһ
ŶкηӦüͷһĿϣʵ
ҵæشҼյҵϢ֮󵱼ŭҪȫȥżңȴҵһұǿʼб֣һٽżҵ𡣡
ٺ٣һӣûֱҹżƴȻĻһΣȻӱ³
Цһ漴һתǹżҼȻȻҲǺģȻ׼ǹżȻҲ׼
ԣҪżһյģ
ٺ٣һɷģҼƷڵһλִ£ȻѾڣҼÿ껹ǻȥݼŵġ
ԣڵĸ߲㣬һǺģ֪һΣڱɳһ鵤ĸңǹżңһζȻ֣֮Цһ漴ĵ
ţˣżҵİҲ͸һЩ
ĵ˵ͷŵ¶⣬ΪԷһڹҽ֮ʣڰҪ֮ʱҽżҸ
ǣף
ĵ˵ͷӦ
ţҲҪСģ򲻵ѣûǲҪ¶棬һֲǿɾΣˡٶһ䡣
֪ĵ˵ͷ
ͷҲͲٶԣ漴ƺ뵽ʲôʵˣЩҵķ˿ܣ㴦ôˣ
ģѽЩСɫʲôˣЦ
˾ͺãҲɴ⣬һΣΪĴ⣬Żᷢŷȱʣ԰ѹأôᷢ⣬ǹŷûдȻĻħ˿Ҳֲ⡣ĸ
ˣȥɣûʲôҪ飬ͲҪˡ˵꣬İ˰֣Ȼͱ۾
õģˣ
תʯСݣȥæԼȥˡ
ߺ󲻾ãǽյ۾ٶ˿֮Уһ˿ĺ⣬Цŷ磬һΣҪ֮ء
ɱҵӣٵҶĲãһΣҾҪżе
Ƭ֮ʯСݻص˲Ц


079 
Źƴ֣żңһƵյС
ȻûаѹŷɱǧӵϢȥǵڣżеˣĲһΣżǽŴ·
ֳִ֮Щ̻̲յУٶȹյʱ䡣
̫ͷ֮ʣżҵգǱЩɱ
żҴԼһڹżҵĸ֣ʱȫڴˣĿ֮ϣ֮ɫһֵͣʱǳ
ৡ
ʱ֮ȻһӰӶǰͣ£¶һŲϵȴ쳣ա
һλԼʮߣȻѾȴɸһӲʵĸоǴ˴ιƻǮλ۷ĸ֣ϲ
ϣѾ𣿡
ƿͻȻֵϲЩͳʵϲǱȥһһģȻϲʱˣôȻ˵Ѿˡ
Ȼƶ̸ʲô£ǶԷȻ׼ôʱųǶȻѾ׼
ȻżҲڴ֣ǹУһ˿ġ
Ѿˣҡ
ϲͬһ˿أ΢΢˵ͷЩֹ
ϣл˵޷
ϲӣƵͷٶһˣѾûκ·ʾϲлֱ˵
ˣҾʵˣ
ϲһ̾ŵγҵļɽ鵤ڵĸ֣һλ鵤ڵĸ֡
ʲô˻棿
͵شվЩʵȻ֪׼ǵڣ֪ҵ׼Ȼ˳֡
ȻҲһ鵤֣Եҵļһλ鵤֣żȴܹס
鵤ǿߵܣֻһҲܹżҵһڸָȫ
ϲĻ֮󣬹żһ߼һЩ֣ʱҲ΢΢ЩƮȻʱǣѾһЩɡ
ϲڼ龰֮Ҳεĵ˵ͷȻҲǹżĸ֣ȴû뿪뷨
һ¹Ʈ޶Ȼżֻж̶̼£ǶڹżңȴѾһЩҵĸоĪ˵һһܹżܽżϲҲǴ͹żҹġ
ңһĴҪҹżҳ
һƨϣһ˲䣬Ʋ࣬ϾǹżҵļϱŵĿżҵˡ
ӣϣһΣҹżһˣֻϣǹż군ˣܹŷȫ롣İ˰֣һ˿֮ɫ
磬ҲߣҪһ𲢼սͽͷҡø˹һ㣬һ˿ִ֡
ӣǴΨһһ£һҪӦңƵЩͳĺȵΪۿͨ졣
ƣˣ
͵һţ˵Щʲôû뵽ʱȴȻһ֮˲ż쳹
ˣ
۾΢΢һУһ˿ĺ⣬һʧǰ֮˼ҲǷ׷չΣ˳ȥ
ৡ
ŷСԺ֮Уŷյ˫ۣʱȻһ˿ɱ
ô
΢΢һ䣬һĨÿĻȣ漴ŷͬһԭһӰ䱾壬ѾǳŹżҵ˳ȥ
ŷżҴԺʱ򣬹ƴһڹżҸ֣ѾǺһѽŭŵգһ
Щҵ𣿾Ȼô֣
ŷ粢δֱ¶棬ĵض˹żĿ䣬ĵĴ˵ʵ
˲ֻ࣬жʮˣԶԶ̸Ͼ
ֻʮУʵ͵ĶǾγڵʵΪ׵ˣƸֱʡ
Ȼ鵤ǿߣ
ŷĿڶһɨһĨأǵΪ˵ʱиһ˿ȸ֡
ߵһλһʮıδ󺺣ƵĿУ֮ɫŷϵôˣȻҵļǧӵĸɽ
ұˣһλΪݵˣģҲͶʮ꣬һĨ֮ɫ
ˣȻᣡҲ֪Ǵ£ġ
Ƕʮǰˣŷͷһ˿ɺϾ;ӵ鵤֮ʵôԷҪôĳӵܣҪôŵӣ֮
ܹˣҲȻ˱ϸ
ֻǹŷ˼֮Ҳû˿ͷҲֻܷϾܶԷ˭ֻҪǵˣǹŷûĵ
ɽôҹżңĪҹżҿսɣƶɽȵ
ߣƣ㻹װ⣬ӽҶӸɱˣգҾΪҶһ㽫ǹŷ罻Ҵã˾һʹɽ˫ĿһݺݵضŹƣߵ
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ɽľȥΪŷ統һɽͬ˳ĵģƴˣҲùƳ
ƣүżҲ˳ۣɳɱŷСӡ
ڹѿɫɽȴһЦУŨŨķ֮ɫ
ߣɽ㲻Ҫ̫⣬Ҿ㲻ݣɫŭȵ
㲻ɣ
ɽԣ̼䣬鵤֮ĸ֣չ˲ҵɱʱ˶Ѿȫ֮䣬ɱڡ
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ɱ¾Եھʽħ
ŷɫأ׷սգ֮Уâʵһ
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ĵâΣһɱ¾֮дƥԵƣڳлɢ˲䣬õЩսĸ֣ͣЩɲĿŷķ
һ̣еˣס˺ɽ͹ƣʱͣеսĿ˹
û뵽ոսʱ򣬾ȻǺǣСӣϵסˣ
Ȼ߶ϣȴԺΪŷĶӡ
ɽĿ⣬Ҫ࣬Ϊŷչ¶ƣ鵤ڵĴ֣硣
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Ѫɫɫĵâƻ۶ɵķ֮ϣǲһƿǴһײ֮
ꡭ
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ʲô
Žֻһƹͽŷҵһ飬̲סľһͺϲҪȥæǴʱʵȴѾȫ岻ˡ
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۽ƲŹŷڵķ򣬹ҲǰɽľţƤһ㣬ƾôŬ˦
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Źŷĺ£һѪɫ֮мɫĵâ𣬶һΣǵâ֮ղŵһҪһֹѪּ䣬ӳʡ


085 
ߣŷ翹
ǵӶӰŷ羹Ȼܱ͵һʱ̲סŭһ֮УѾһ˿ء
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ŷս촽պϼ䣬ٶȴһȣֱٶȻӶ
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Źŷֱ۵ĻӶ޴ĵâʱȻ£ٶȳƷŭն£񱩵ˣͬˮһ㣬Խսӿɢ˳ȥƷɶĳǵߣǸ˿
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ײ˲䣬̳ڵսģٶȴһõùżҵһڸ֣̲סͷһͺϲ϶ǲĵǡ
ǵס𣿡
ǻҳŰĽս֮͵ͷЩʵĵһת䣬ٶȿ˵ĿʱѾǲɭȻ֮ɫ
ȻѾǽŭȫϡ
Щ뷨ʱǵӶӰҲѾĳ˹ŷ粻Զ񱩵ƣʹһξ룬ҲõǺһ͡
鵤ڴԲʵȻ˿£͵۾΢΢ΪصĴһǵӰЩ˼ĵͺ
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ĴǺ˵ʱ򣬹ŷڵĵط̳Ҳɢ龰ı¶Ƥ֮С
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˿ŷģʱ׼ȴǱŷʱģò壬׷׵һû뵽ܹնɱһ鵤ڸֵʵ鵤ڴԲǰȻ˵Ĳһ
͡
˴ŷʱ򣬹ŷҲһţһѪ

ŷѪƶʱ̲סľһ֮ǵ֮ɫٶȿɽĿʱѾǱüѪĶħһ㣬õɽ̲סĴһ
˶Ϊŷ絣ĵʱ򣬹ŷ԰׵ϣȴǺȻ¶һЦݣõһʱ䶼Щԡ
壬ϲС󣡡
ŷ绺վ壬ŲԶͺϲһԼǽηĿ⣬˺˵ϣڵӹ䣬һ˿ɷӡ
ȻѾǰѹŷ׵ļŭˡ
á
ŷĻͺϲû˿ɵŷԣͬʱӡһɫߣӶ
䡭
˽ӡŷԭѾЩήҵƣȻ˲˼֮Уٶȱ
ڣڣڡ
ڽƣһֱǵ˾ڵʱ򣬷𽥵ļ
Ǿ֮ʵ𣬹ȻҾ֮ǿϺܶడ
һ˲֮䱩ǵʵŷͷ̲סĵͺһǿĸоõùŷ˹ˬ
˻СӣȻеƣ
ڹŷǿʵʱΧЩҵĸ֣ٶȵһû뵽ʼգŷ羹Ȼûþȫ
ţٶȿŷĿʱѾһ˿ϸ΢ı仯żȻЩ֣ӿһĨ塣
ŷ˻ã˵ĻԺ󣬶ȻǸ˲õϾܹھ֮ͺ鵤ڴԲǿ߿⣬ǰɴû˵˭ܹ㡣
ͷ¶β޵󱲣Сүңͺúõĺ棡
ŷĦȭƣȭָ䣬Ŀռ䣬ǳ΢𵴣ŷ罫Ŀ˺ϣһս⣬
ߣ֪ڱ
˸ŹŷͻȻ䱩ǵʵĿҲǳ׵ӰһͳŹŷ籩˹ȥ
Ҫûôף
ŷõЦһͬӳźӭȥ֮䣬˾ǱõۻҵĹ
ƾŻʵȭţָƣǱ˼ɱ֮ſֲǵصĳŹŷֶȥ
۹ŷ磬ӰȫӰܣȻȥȴ˵Ĺһľ
顭
Ƶײ֮ƥĹԳдݶ䣬ǽֲ°С
ʱƣ˵ɫҲԽȻƾʵŷѹƣҪܹŷ磬ȴܡ
顭
ٴӲһУһź˰벽۹ŷ磬һ˳ǿͣ
ٺ٣鵤ڴԲҲˣ
ŷɫȻ԰ףȴ¶һ˿õЦݣƽĻõú˵˫ۣԽɭȻ
ڲԶɽĹƣҲǳ˿˵ŷʵ̫޴
ÿһΣΪŷ粻ж֮ʣŷͻٶȱǿʵΣջ⣬ֻܽɱ
֪ģƷ֣ŷʱչ¶ʵѾǱҪ߳ˡ
Сӣ
ЦһƵȴһ˿֮ɫɽĹҲǸӵ˼֡
ڹƣɽɫͬҪγˮһ㣬ŷһδεıõľѡ
ɽף½֮Ҳûлɱŷˣ
Ħӡ
ʱŷ粻ԶĺˣȻһ˫ֿʼɿı䶯
ˡ
źָĲϱ䶯һʼӿ˳Ʋƶϡ
Ҫ似𣿡
ź˵Ķŷ۾Ҳ΢΢һУȻƾСʱʵ˾ڣǶں˵ʵŷлһ˿ɵġ
󱮣ҳ
£ŷҲɣͷһ˫ֿʼɿĽӡ


086 
ڹŷʱ򣬺еӡᣬҲȫɣӡһεı䶯һɴСӡ֮
ڵӡܱߺƹһɼа񣬵ȴ쳣ֲĲӡ֮ϴݶ漴żҶС
ǿֲĲ֮£ƺɽڣȫɫӡ֮ͬһ㣬õ˿ĵֿ֮ġ
Ϣ
֮Ǿ޴ӡаϢŷüͷȴǽ֮Уһ˿ɱӡ
ħһ壡
ŷɫЩѿĵΪӡ֮й¶аϢĹѨ֮УܵħϢһ޶
û뵽ħһ徹Ȼ˸֣
ŷӡٱ䶯ĿȴǽĶǸˣ˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
ΪΪĹԹŷħһ壬һֱΪɵģҲˣûнħһϢй¶ȥħһķ񱨸
ֻû뵽ʹԷȴһ٣ٶĶ֣ɳħˣʵҲһαһεǿ
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ڹŷЩͷʱǺ˵ӡҲǳ׵۶ɣ漴ں˵ֱۻӶ£ŹŷŭĶ¡
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ǡ
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û뵽ŷһ֮СһȻҲܹ͵Ĺͷĳ֪

һЩ΢ЩʶˣڿŷͷĹ֮ʣʱ̲סľ֮У̰ۡ
Ҳ
ƿŹŷͷ֮ϵľ޴ĹҲһ˿𺳣漴૵
ˡ
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籩ϯ֮£żҵĴԺǽǱĵȥ̳𣬶ЩñȽϽĸ֣ҲǷ籩ϯ֮£Ʒ˳ȥеһѿзˡ
⻹ֲ̫˰ɣ
һײ֮£͵˴ĹżҴԺԭǹͺͺһƬյأ˵Уӿһͷ
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顭
ЩͷʱһӰȴǺȻ˳صڵϣһѪϢήҵ˼㡣
ŷ磿
˿ǵӰʱ̲סľֽȻԤϣǺܶУȴϣŷܹٴ漣ϾƲСһǵ𺳣ʵ̫̫ˡ
𣿡
ƿǵǱӰ֮һ˿֮ɫΣοȴ
οǹŷܹӵʵεǣˣȴɸı䲻ʧܵĽ֣ǣܣԼĶӶ޷
Ȼںܶ˶Ϊŷ̾Ϣʱ򣬹ŷĿ⣬ȴεĶŲԶ֮Уһ˿ɫ
ҳ価һӰҲٶȳǰ
ֻǣ˿ǵӰʱеɫȴǱü̹
ǹ죬ɫͬһ㣬ţԼһЩĸ
ֻʱĺˣ֮ŷ綼ҪǱ֣һѾԡѪͷɢңԭǼΪֲϢʱήҵ˼㡣
⡭
˿ųеһĻһʱ䶼ЩԣЩ˶תĿ⣬Źŷȥ
ѵһεĶǹŷӮˣ
Ӧˣ
ǹŷ磬Ȼֲ˹
һ̣˵ͷǱŨŨľ棬鵤ڴԲĸֶǹŷĶ֣ǹŷ磬Ŷôֲ
ѵĹŷ磬ѾܹԪ֮ǿ
뵽˽ǶһۣżҸ֣ʱһ̧ͦͷһ˿˿ֲĹŷ磬ټ鵤ڵĹƣ֮У˭ǹżҵĶ֣
Щ֣ǵԵ˼㣬һЩоϵˣѾĺˣ뿪ˡ
͡
ʱǺһţһѪѪ˵ƶʱٶήŷĿ⣬ŨŨĲ֮ɫ
û뵽쾹ȻһδɵëͷСϡ
ɱ
ʱŷȻһһɳɱ֮ӿ󣬹ŷڵľʹǿתǺ˳˹ȥ
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ৡ
һ֮£ŷѾ˺˵ǰ漴׷ս߾ٶѪɫâۼ䣬źŭն¡
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Ȼʱͷ֮ϵĿռ䣬ȴͬƲһ㣬˺ѿһ޴ѷ죬һյĿֲ֣ѷ֮̽˳Źŷŭץȥ


087 Ծ
ŰɴСһְʣīڼ䣬ݳһ޲Ĳ
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˺ѿռֵһ˲䣬ΧĿռǾҵĲһȦȦĿռ䲨ƾƵģɢ
ֵ֮£ռ䶼Ҫܲסһ㡣
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ͻȻֵ֣֮Уһ˿ŨŨľǴ֮£еᵽʲôϡ
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һ֮һּٶȣʼд˿
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˭֪Էܹ˺ѿռ䣬սһ֣Ҳ֮ǿߡ
ǿߣȻԸһССĹżңҲ֪żεǿߣɻ
ǰϣλǿ߲ҪǨŭǲźãȻĻֻûһܹӳ죡

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ͷ֮յĴ֣ŷͬǵһ֮УŨŨ֮ɫ
һ˲ŷͫױǾҵһǰδеΣոоڹŷͷڶǿҵΣУõĺëǽ
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ͷһͺȣŷҲ˲ȥնɱˣһתǳԶ˳ȥӰǱ߶˼£ԭһĻӰ䱾壬Ѿӳϰ׿⡣
䡭
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󱮣ҳ
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ˡ
Źŷӡı䶯ʮɸߵ󱮣ʱٶڹŷͷɢһɻ֮⡣
󱮣ŷʱѹһɣѾٶȻָжȨ󣬹ŷҲǰΪ󱮵̾
ڵǴռ֮УŷʱҲֻǿĴһλ֮ǿߡ
˽죬Źŷһ󱮣һõ󱮵ͱ϶ΪһȻ˰ٱֹһлһλ鵤ڴԲĸ֣յĿֲֵܣֵܹ¡
ܹΪôգ֣ҲǲԿ⣡ֻǿϧ
̾һ漴ŷһָ󱮳ֺȥ
ˡ
Ƶײ֮ڰ֮ϴݿײɲǣһ籩ϯľ磬ͬһһ㣬ᴩأķɳʯ
ݡ
һ̣Ʒ֮쳹һڹͬһ㣬ڰ֮мٻû˹ŷ֮С
͡
ŷһţһѪ壬Ҳͬڵ㳯ź浹˶صڵϡ

ڵ϶ҳһδӵĹŷ磬ƶʱһ漴һܿ˻ڷɽǳӭȥ
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˫Ŀյ˫ȭ֮ϣһڶ𣬽Ƭ֮䣬Ѿǻ۳СȭӰ
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һ˲ŭȳ˫ȫͬЯ֮һ㣬Ӷ
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Źֱ۵ĻӶǰ޴ȭӰͬǻӶЯҵƷֺ֮˹ȥ
䡭
Ƶײ֮ٶ쳹Ȼõ˾ǣǿȥƺƵһȭ֮ϣǴĺֽϻûκһ˲䶼ֲˣͱ׵ѹ
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ЩΪ̺شһ㣬ŷǳһۣԴۡ
⡭
Щֵĸ֣ʱȻֳһɾ޽ʱһ𺳣û뵽ǹżҺҵһССսȻȺ˿ֲǿ߶
֮Уѵʲô鲻ɣ
һ̣н̲סһ뷨


088 
Щ뷨ʱǰɾ޽Ǻݺݵն֡
䡭
ǰɾ޽ײ˲䣬ռ䶼Ʊû谵ε粨ͬħһڰ֮ڶ
ֱǼ˻ȥȻһץϵĺˣ˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ʧĿռѷУƻĴһƺ֮һЩˡ
˿ǰɾ޽һͽֲָˣʱкȻ֮ɫŨȻɾ޽ˣһλ˸ӿֲĴڡ
˺
ʧ֮󣬹ŷĿռٶȱ˺һ޴ѷ죬һλ߻ڰ֮С
߿ȥԼ߰ʮ꣬ݲϣһ˫۾ȴܹͬһ㡣
û뵽һ
ʧķ̾һ漴һӣǰɾ޽ɢȥ
Ŀת˹ŷϣһĹâ
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ŷһ˿ɻ֮ɫߵƺ֪һ㣬ǹŷѱԺ֮еļ䣬ҲйϢ
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ŷӵ߹һʵ
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˵΢΢˶٣ŵӦ˵˾ͽɣ
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ŷüͷ΢΢һ˵ǰû˵ʲô˾ͽ壬ԴӺ˾ͽ½Ӵ֮ʹ˾ͽ˽һЩ
ֻû뵽ǰλΪֲߣȻ˾ͽģ˵˾ͽ嵱治Ѱ
뵽ŷҲͲٳɣͷ˾ͽ˵ĪǰǾʦĳ
ϷǾСӵүүЦŵ
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СһϲĻڣӦһ֮Դɣ
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Сһţ֮ԴϷû˿Ŀӣ
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Ŷǰ˻
ŷһЩεʵ֮Դ治֪ôãԴӵ׳֮õ֮Դ֮ԴһֱͬһɫСһ㣬֮С
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˵߽Ŀ˹ŷϣЦʵ
ŷҡҡͷԺĿĶߣȴŶԷĽ⡣
ŷҡͷҲ⣬Цŵ˵س֮ʣԴ֮Ϊı񣬾ЩԴ֮磬֮󣬿ʧ٣ģʣЩԴ֮ͻڵĸֱԴɢڸ䡣
֮Դ֮⣬ֱԴ֮бԴ֮ʱ䱾ԴͿռ䱾Դ
Щħһ壬֮ռǵ磬ΪȡЩԴ֮
ȻħһѵҲЩԴ֮𣿡ŷнһ˿򣬵ŷ֣ԭϣ֮£
ͨħһȻ޷ñԴ֮һſãһλͨħ𣬶λħ𣬱ǿԶñԴ֮
ߵ˵ͷŵһħսʱħֻԴ֮ǾˣҲֿԵֿλƴԱԭĿռ䣬ڣѾħռ
ħһεħսʱҲٶȵõԴ֮һٶȾ֮ʣʵȻǸӵĿ°Ҳ֪һΣ໹ֵܲܵס̾


089 ż
ħ𣬾Ȼ˿ֲʵ
ߵŷҲǷˣ֮УһĨĵ֮ɫ
Ͼħ̫ǿǶ˵һʲô̫õ飬׻˵ĺã֮ѣŷɲΪħռɴ½֮żһõı
ѵ־ûܹ֮Ĵ𣿡ŷ绹Щĵʵ

̾һ˵Դ֮ǳĴڣܣܹģҲиܹԴ֮һ߿ܣ
ŷһȻȴڴʱһתŵȻҲ֪ںԭ֣ӹֻһԴ֮ҪǿԴ֮ܵķɣѣ
ԣȻռ֮ÿħս֮ʱʧأչȥֻҪ˶ãɴ½᳹ױħһռʱħħõıԴ֮¾Ҳûзˣ
Ȼ
ŷֻһԴ֮ʱͷһħѾ˰˵Դ֮ȴֻһĲ࣬ôܻӮʤ
ѵ־ûбİ취ռԴ֮𣿡ŷüʵҲ֪΢΢
ȻŷĻոճڣ߱ҡҡͷõùŷеΨһһϣҲǳȥ
ˣСһú˵ģϷҲ˵ˣܲҵñԴ֮ķͿԼ컯ˣϷˣ
һ䣬ߵα𽥵ȥƬ֮䣬Ѿǳ׵ɢȥ

˿ʧķΪսʤҶдһ˿ϲãҲǴӹŷͷɢȥħһ壬һӰһ㣬ͷ
漴ŷбٶȼһ˿־˲ͬʱƿضԴ֮ŷҲƿء
ȻûܹǾҹŷɣ
һ˿뷨ŷеȭͷҲǽ
λǰ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬹Ҳ˹ŷߣһֱŹƵɽͳûˡ
Ͼ񲻹ǹŷս죬żҾȻһλܹ˺ѿռľǿߣɽһӣҲǲҺǿ߽а壬ɥ֮ʹͱ׳˾⡣
û˿ԼûˣǾʲôûˣ
λǰһλʦĳղǡþ˳ְһѣѾˡ
ŷ򵥺͹˵һ˾ͽʵ飬ħ飬ȴֻδᣬϾħһǿͲǹֵܹģ֪ˣҲֻܰװżԹŷûнЩ߹ơ
ԭ˵ĶλǰȻĻǹżңҪˣ
ư̾һһ˿ңϾ˾ͽʵͻȻ֣ǹżңɻû˭ֵܵסֵܡ
뵽ҲͲٶʣǺЩżҸһ𣬿ʼս
Ȼûк˾ͽʵһùϵЩϧ뵽ǵǿ߸ͲܹӴģԹҲûжʧˡ
һۣ˷۱ûбɳ𣬷ҵһڸ֣ʧ
ţһսǳ׵ûˣڻָܻܲʢƾͲ֪ˡ
֪ٶȻָĶʢҲȻżǣ׿λǿ˾ͽʵ˵͹ǹŷʱսͲɽܹģϾŷ鵤ڴԲĸֶܴܵġ
ҹƿɲţŷѾߵľͷԹŷ֮ͣ·ϣȻߵĸԶǳǵ
Ҳʱ߷һˣ
ţƵҲǻһͷ

ŹҴսĻҲٶȻָİһģڿżҵĿУǴһ˿ηĽ
ȻЩ֪˲֪˾ͽʵλǿߣʵ͹żҲûʲô̫Ĺϵ
һϢĲɢһɢ޵ĸ֣ҲĽǰ׷ҪżңΪľλǿߣ˵һ˾͸һЩָ㡣
ֲθֵָ㣬ǻǮģϾֲΣΪǮ
֪жٴԴ˼Ǯأ
һᣬЩɢ޸Ը׷ҪżңҲǴһӣƶһϵΪϸĿˣܹͨżҡ
Щɢ޸У˵ʵΪɫֱΪ
˵䣬Ҳͺ࣬ʵѾǴﵽ鵤֮˹żҳƺ͹ŷ֮⣬ΪĴڡ
Щʵɢ޸֣ҲίΣʱõЩɢ޸֣ڹżһЩ֮С
ڹæɢżʵʱ򣬹ŷѾٶȻصԼСԺͷ
һε飬ŷ绹ǷԼʵ㣬ǵֵ֮£Ȼ˿ķ֮ûС
һλħͷˣħǺεȵĿֲħεͨ죿
ŷ粻Ҳ޷󣬶ΨһģǾܵԼʵ


090 ĸ׵Ϣ
ৡ
ŵСԺ֮УһĨȻŲԶһŴȥû֮УһĿӶ
ǲС
ǽû֮һ֮̾СԺ֮쳹
ֻСԺ룬һӰͦζüͷţһ˿ã֮ɫ
ӰȻǹŷ磬ʱҴսѾǹȥһ֮ãһµʱУŷҲǼеľǼ˿콣֮ϡ
ڹŷʽУ콣ΪСģȻ콣ڹŷ翴ͬҲǱΪ޴ġ
ΣŷҲǲڿ콣򣬸οսʼǺصĶŷҲΪĺ档
ֻҪ콣Ȼô׵ģŷ콣ڶʱ򣬾ѾǼΪļѣһյķ˵ڣ޷أ
ַֻʹһξѾǼΪǿȻʹõڶΣԣһŷȻһֱڿ콣ĸ֮Уջȴͬ㡣
ǹŷԸ㣬Ѿ˶Կ콣ĸ򣬱Ͼôʱģȴû˿ջ񣬿ɲ˭ܳܵ˵á
֮⾳ĵ磬ʵ̫ҪѰʲôȻĻһʱܹ˵ã
֮󣬹ŷ΢΢һ֮̾ջĿ⣬һ˿Ц
еʱ򣬹ŷ絹ͦĽģǸСѾͷڿ콣򣬱֮ԶҪ߳һ磬츳ȷǵ
ôˣ
ʱСԺ֮Ȼһȵ漴һߴӰǻڹŷǰȻǹơ
ʱĹƣһսԽĳȣ䣬ƻɢһ˿ϡ
Ȼһδս֮УҲǻ˼ĺôܹջᣬ̤Ԫ֮Ҳ޿ܡ
ˣ
Ƴ֣ŷҲͣеĶ󽫳Цų˹ȥҡͷûʲôչ
ǺǣҲ⣬򣬱ǼΪѵģ˵ֻһˮɵͻƣ
ЦŰοһżλɢĽҪǹżң
ô
ŷüͷ΢΢һ˵Ѿһڶʮˣ֮ǰȻҲº͹ŷ˵һ£ȴûһһר˵¡
ôˣĪʲôԾĵط𣿡뵽ŷ翴Źʵ
ǺǣûʲôԾĵطҶԷҲȫϱ׼˵ʵ
˵ҡҡͷЦһ
ʵ
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻѵǶԷʵ̫ˣ
ĻҪҲգϾǹżҲͬգʵ̫ͣҲɲ̫ó
ŷˣϵĿЦʤҡͷʵ̫ͣʵ̫ˣˣ鵤ڵʵһ˵ʵѾ鵤ڴԲˣ
ŶȻ
ŷһ㶣漴˹Ƶĵǣ
Ͼڵʵֻ鵤ڣԷÿһ˵ʵǱȹֻ߲ͣȻõ˼ӽżҵʵɻᱩǺü
ˣһղãǾԻżҴ𶥵ѣʷϣӿɲټ
˰ɣ
΢΢˼һ£ŷ͵ͷͬŹƻЩɵӣŷЦŽ͵ȻʵҪʹҲõϾ׿λǰ˵ңҲԽʰǲ᲻
˵ŷ绰һתЦЦĵҲµĲĻҲҪͻ˰ɣ
ʲôסСӣ
ƴЦһЦܲȻʱĹҲǼΪĲ
ŷ縸гһЩûõĶ֮󣬹ƺȻɫһ࣬ŹŷҲˣһЩ飬Ҳ֪ʱˣ
ŹƺȻתɫŷкȻץסһЩʲôƵģϸһ룬ȴʲôûץסƵģּìܵĸоõùŷ촽
ڹŷ˼֮ʣƵҲٶĸףʵϣ
ʲô
һ˲֮䣬ŷԺͬһ㣬һţˣҲ˲ԭأ˫ֱۣĶŹƣ֮УžϲŽţһ˿֪롣
ӺСʱ򣬹ƾ͸߹ŷ磬ĸѾΪˣʱŷΪ棬ֻû뵽ôƾȻһֱƭġ
뵽ŷкȻӿһԹԹ޹ΪʲôϢԹ޹ƭʮꡣ

Źŷɫһ̾һ˲䣬ƲʮƵģЦʵһֱ㣬㣬ǲҸ㰡
Źһ˲֮ϵݣŷͷһ˿̣ǰ׿϶ʲôԵĿԣȻĻôƭأ
뵽ŷ缱æʰ飬ЩʵΪʲôѵ׻ʲôزɣ

Ƶ˵ͷһ㣬֮󷽲˵꣬Һһ飬˽㣬Ҳ֪һŵġ


091 澭Դ
ǸʱʢǲԸԼԾʹĵض㵽һ֮أȵĹ°
˵ƿЦһǣڵţο׵ķŹǣǻûжʱ򣬶Էһλ֣Ծǿʵ
Ұٰ֪ڵţȻһƷţƷŰƵ츳ֲ̫ãܹùǣ
Ļ֮£Ҿ˹żңҼ̳˼֮λߵʱ򣬸
ʲô
ŷŹƵҲǸоǼһᣬ̫óʲôȻǲԸڹǰޱӣֻܰеݼ¶εĲĵףŹƣЩڴʵ
ڴĸܸʲôڴܸһЩͼУֻһ˿
ŷȻԸ㣬ȴûи飬ĸ׵˼ûмϹУôһٻӰͷŷ֪Ǿĸס
ֻǱΪѾ꣬û뵽ƽ쾹ȻһϢõĹŷ籾ѾϨϣٶȼ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬹ĵҲٶ
µĶһƺһؼڻǱؼѾˣ澭ƻĵ
ʲô澭Ȼĸµģ
ŷȻһû뵽Ϊ澭Ȼĸ׸µġ
ˣĸ׵һλƷŵԶƷŵĵ̣ܹӵؼҲŷа˵ͷ
һֱ;澭˵ǰ㣬Ǵ滻ģϾ澭֮ڶûȫ׽
ʱôһ˵һв
뵽ŷһ̲סʵĸڵţǴ½ϵĸŰ
ڣ
ʲôȻڣ
ŷٶһǻɱţŷ̫ԾǶڣһЩ˽ġ
˾ͽ¾ͺἰڣǿϴ½İţֻû뵽Լĸף꾹Ȼڵ
ֻĸ׵Ӧòùɣ
ŷ̾һŹƣһһʵĸô
΢΢һ㶣һ˿׷ɫ֮󣬷Ż̾밡ûһ첻ġ
ĸžôŷĶŹƣ
ǡζģûб£žۣ΢죬֮У͸¶޾˼֮ɫ
ŷĬĬ˵ͷȻԴ¶һĨõ΢Цһİɣһ죬һĸž۵ģ
ŹŷļᶨɫοһЦ˵ͷã㣡
˵ţһЦ֮Уһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ܺ˵˵ĸ׵֪ĸ׳ʲôӣһŷһĨڴ֮ɫŹʵ
ƿŹŷϵڴ֮ɫͷʱ΢΢һᣬ˵ͷʼԼ͹ŷĸʶ飬һһεĽŷ
ͬ׷һһֱ˰ʱ֣ƷԴһ˿뿪ԭߴıӰƺһ˼֡
İɣһĸһģ˭Ҳ
ŹƽԶȥıӰŷеȭͷһһ˿ᶨɫ
ôҹŷ磬Ҳȥһȥġ
ţŷҲǽĿ⣬Ƶߵһɫ֮ϡ
öֻаƴСǱƱʮ꣬ҲȻǷ
ɫ֮ϣһĴָС֣ԾȻϣ͸¶޾ϰ
öɫƣȻǹŷĸģݹ˵ֻҪŷöƣǿԻһڵĻᡣ
ȻˣҲֻһᣬڱϾǶƷţҪ룬ɲʲô̫򵥵顣
֮⣬öƻһ;ǾǼڵʱܹǵİ
Ϊĸ׵ĹϵŷڣڿûһøУԺĻڣҲΪ˴ĸ뿪

ɴ½֮ϣһĵĹ涨ǾǣƷ׵͵ĵӣٴμƷ׸ߵţ㱳ʦš
ҲΪÿһθ߽յʱЩСţһȻˣЩҲǸʵġ
ݹŷ֪ھѾöûˣɼЩͽУʵҲǱȽСĴڡ
ȻĻҲͲЩԵĵˣϾԺԱʵû˿ƿԡ
ҲΪŷ統ܳɹİڣĻֻڵȻܹһЩʵҲȻ㣬ڶ̶һʱУ˿ֲսˡ
ɫźãŷ򵥵Ļһ֮󣬾ּ˿콣
ڣŷ֪ĸ׵ϢжʵҪҲǸӵ˼֣ϾһħѾõæˣοֶһڡ
ңǶƷţڵĸֿ϶Ǽģڵ΢ĩʵڹżȻѾϲˣõǰֻŵʸûУ̸ʲôĸˡ
ңŷ֮ǰѾ֣澭ģⱾ澭֮ϣֻгڣڣȼ
ŷһȻδܽ澭ڣѾͻƵڣ澭ϵֻҪ۷壬ǿܹġ
ֻĿǰ㽫澭ڣҲȻǲģȻˣǾ˵澭һź֡
ܹһĸԴڡ
Σڣŷ綼ǱҪȥһ˵ģҪȥڣûǿʵܣȻǲ̫ʵġ


092 ʢ
յʱ䣬ڹŷĲУٶһš
ŵС֮Уŷϥ˫ϣ΢գһһ䣬ԵΪ
ৡ
һ̣ŷ΢յ۾Ȼڵ֮ͫһ˿Ρ
֮Դ̾ҵ֮У޷ҪñԴ֮
Цҡҡͷŷһ̾ʱУ˴󲿷ֵʱ콣֮⣬һСֵʱ䣬о֮еǵ֮Դġ
Ͼ˾ͽʵǺ˵֮Դǳ֮ڣܹñԴ֮սֻᱩࡣ
ֻԴ֮˾ͽʵ֪ôãŷˡ
ҿ׵ǰĴ֮󣬾Ϳҵ֮Դʹ÷ˡ
֮󣬹ŷһͷõ׵۴еʱΪʵ̫С׵۱㽫иʱķӡֻеӵ鵤֮ʵܹ׵۵ĴС
֮ԴȻǵ׵ӵУôʹñԴ֮ķ׵ӦҲǻ֪һЩġ
뵽ŷҲͲǿ󣬷Ӵ֮һԾ£ʼ򵥵ϴ
үȥһɣ˵̣ŷոϴϣһϵ
ţ
ŷüͷһ壬һ˿ɻɫԴӹҴսԺֻҪʲôҪ飬һ㶼ġ
ȥ⻹ͷһΡ
һʲôҪ鰡
аһˣŷҲǲӦһ֪ˣĪܼңȥɣһ·
ãҾȺͼȥˣ
ٶӦһŲȻŷΪĪܼҵˣѾ뿪ˡ
ŷżҵĴ֮ʣѾŲżҵĸ߲㣬˼չѰͻƵ֮⣬ҲȫˣһЦ˵ЦģԵú֡
ֻõùŷȻǣżһڸ߲ЦӭĶȴһͺ͹ŷŮ
õùŷ̲סĶ࿴Ůۣһ˿档
ֻõùŷɻǣλŮȻüʵȴһͿֻصľ磬ʵбҪõùżһڸ߲ô

ЦһŷҲǻ˴֮УǶŹƽһ󷽲ŶŹżЩ߲˵ͷ
ЩҲǼæŹŷͷĹŷ磬ڹżҵȹƶҪϲ٣Щսɢ޸֣Ȼܸӣģȴǹŷսļһ
ˣ
ŷ絽ƵЦ֣ŷ֮ŸŷܵλСʢеĶС㣬˴ǰǹżҲȥμʢġ
ʢУ
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ʢУһЩ˽ģνʢУһУÿĸҲһλģǹżңǰɴû١
ʢУͨϢ
ŷаΪʢеϢͨզ࣬ԷǰżңȻ˾ͽʵѲϵƾżңʵǣҲûʸ
λǹɣܣһ˲أ
ڹŷЩͷʱλ༫ŮҲǳŹŷͷһЦ촽΢
ŮΪϳɵĻŷоһЦԷȥ࣬ʵô˵Ļȴһϳɵ
ԷϾʢеĶС㣬ŷ粻ɮҲÿ棬ЦŵСˣ֪˴ʢںʱУʱǹżҶǰȥ
ˣͶл͹ˡ
ŮŹŷӨӨһЦŵʢᶨں磬صʢǣҴ˴ѹƷù⡣
Ǻǡ
ŷ粻һЦҲ֪ʢѹƷǷֻ㶫ٺãǹżҵĲҲֻȴɣŷɲԴΪܺЩƵĴƴ
ŷ粻Ů΢΢һЦҲͣǵˣСŮӾиˣ֮ټ
ãͶСˣ
żһڸֱ߲ͣԷͳż֮ȫ˴
ô
ٶȻص֮󣬹ϵЦѾʧǱЩ࣬ŹŷΪĵ
Ǻǣʢ˴´룬ҲΪ˾ͽǰԭ򣬲Σǹż˵һĻᣬϾʢݹϵᣬܹõһǶǹż˵һ£ŷЦŷ
ţ˵Ĳ
Ҳͬĵ˵ͷǻһתڹżڼٷչ̫Ҫȥԣʢᣬֻȥˡ
š
ŷ΢΢ͷҲ֪ƴ˴ο϶߲ģɱȥȻֲ̫ģҲֻŷܹʤˡ
һ²μѡִ֮󣬹ŷһģѡ֮⣬ˣֱΪͺϲ
ŷ֮ѡˣǲ˵ϲҲǶԹżΪĵģһǣ˶СĲ֮Σգ԰ŷܴæ
˵żλ鵤Լһλ鵤ڴԲĸ֣ˣΪнģԹŷ粻ȫܹŵù
ѡ֮󣬹ƾǲɢˣԼҲȥʽȥˣμᣬҪĻǮûǮһжǰ״


093 鷳
һҹ׼ڶһŷ˾ʰң̤ȥʢǵ·
ʢǣΪʢжΪеԵʣʢҲǼ˵ķٲʢдС챦ʤıء
֮лһ仰ʢǣ֪챦ࡣ
ɴҲԿʢݵĵλˡ
ʢǵشģһΪңԶľ룬ǹŷ˲ͣĸ·Ҳɫ֮ʱ̤ʢǵĳ֮С
ŽʢǣһɼֵգҲͬ˳һõùŷ˵üͷ΢΢塣
ֻڹŷ֮һС̯ڵ洦ɼߺ֮Ҳǲڶڸ̯λ֮ǰõֵգһƬ֮С
ʢǰǣ
һΪ𱬵̯λ͵Ҳһ˿̲̾ס
ʢݵĳУΪἴʼ߶۶ܹдҲΪ档
һԵϲ΢΢˵ͷԴһ˿̾ĵҲ泤ʢǣû뵽գ֮䣬Լһͷˡ
ǺǣϻȲҪ̾ˣٲж½Ҫ¶޽ͷˡŷ˵ĸ̾Цŵ
ǰǻҸطס£ȻĻܻᱻ˰ѷ䶼ŷһ˵ʱӦ˹еĵ
ǻΪǿɣϲҲͬĵ˵ͷ˱ǳųȥһΪùݡ
СǶ䣡
ߵùݵĹ̨ǰ棬ŷͳңӸ˵Сĵ
ϡ
ǵСıȽϻ飬һŷӹĽңʱüЦĵٺ٣͹ĻǼʱֻʣͷˣһɾûзˡС˵߽ƺŵݸ˹ŷ硣
Сͷ
ŷոֽӹƺţһݵһһ˱ǻ˹ŷǰ
Լʮ˾꣬һɫۣԵƲһ֪Ǵĺӵܡ
ֻ곤ȻһĨ֮ɫȴ˶ĺӡ˲䳹ʧ
ߣòҲԲֻǽĸ꣬ȻǹܼҼְһ
ŷڶɨһۣȤȱȱҡҡͷϲһ¥ȥ
Բ˿͹٣ķѾûˡ
ǵСù֮дҵ꣬һ˫۾һǰ֪꣬һӵܣҲҵЦ˵
ʲôûˣһ⻰ʱüͷһ壬һ˿õ顣
ǵĿ͹٣ͷѾո˶ˣ
˵ţСָָҪ¥Ĺŷ缸ˣ˼˵ûƭ㡣
ţ
˳ŵСָķһĿʱ˹ŷϣһ˿ЦָŹŷ˵ιѷøΣٻѷǮ˫ǵġ
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬Ĳͣаһ鷳
˴μģ鷳ֻת˵Ǹˣ䷿㻹ȥҰɡ
һ䷿͹ˣΪʲôҪռ䷿ڳ겻ĵĵ

ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷҲô꣬ԹԵĳ¥ȥ
㣬
ŷ羹ȻԼϣʱһ˿ŭ漴ڵһ壬ǳŹŷ˹ȥ
ŷһ˿⣬ĲϾѾõͷΪˬʱȻˣЩ
Ϊ˴˴ε˳μӣŷҲֻǿͷŭ΢΢ܿĹĵٺҲˣ
˵꣬ŷٶŲ¥ȥڹŷϲҲŭһţȻоҲΪĲ
ߣңɣ
һαŷӣǴСɵǿģʱõжԹŷһ˿ɱ⡣
ৡ
µ˲䣬αٶӳһεٶȣһλҪϼ֣һ֮£Ѿ˹ŷ
ơ
ﴫһȣƶȻ̽񱩵Ļڶ𣬽գ֮䣬ͽư
һ˿ɫ͵ŭŹŷĺ˹ȥȵˣδѾõùŷ˶Ǹеһ֮⡣
ߣ
꾹Ȼһ٣ٶƣŷеŭҲ͵ڶﴫһߣҲһĨǹȰӳȥ
ÿٶȣ
ֻǾγڵʵΪŷûжߵʵŴһӣֻǣû뵽ûɣߵ壬ŷ˹Ľʱͷ΢΢һҪ㿪ʱʵܹÿ
ӣøĽ
Զߣڼŷһ˲䣬бһ˿âаһһǳǰһӣ׵ĽŷĽȥ
ס
ԼĽⱻ׻⣬ŷҲǴһףղŵĽȻֶֻΪȴں˿֮⾳ĵڶ磬
ֻû뵽ˣҲǱƽ⣬ߵʵţ
СѣСӲ£αҪ˺أ
ŷĽ⵱£һ˿ľâŹŷ粻䲻ȵĵ
Ŷ𣿡
ŷ绺תЦһȻСӲ£ǴѵҲ𣿡
ߣСޣɲʲô£
ŷˣߵɫҲƤЦⲻЦĵ
ⲻҲ֪
˵ŷ˶٣֪ҪңҾͻݺݵزȻȥ˭ĽŸô


094 
ԣ˭ĽŸô
ŷƽù֮лصõ˵Ŀ⣬˲伯˹һ˿Ϸɫ
ŷ籾Ͳһ֮ˣʱ͸Һż󱳾⣬ǸҺͺԶգڶ˿ܵľۻ֮С
ʵĲϾԪ֮ǿߣŷ綼ҽаһҪ˵ǰֻ鵤ڴԲˡ
ŷǰλߣ鵤ڴԲʵոջŷ罣һ˲䣬ŷѾ˶Էʵ
ٺ٣СޣҪ˵̫²Ҫ̫ȻĻ
ЦһȻ仰ûгڣµв֮⣬ȴѾʤˡ
ŷ΢΢˹󵭵ĵұԸ鷳鷳ԼĻҲ⽫飡
ߡ
˵꣬ŷؿһۣԵͺϲкһ䣬ת¥ȥ
ϣС̫ɶˣһҪúõĽѵѵ
Źŷ¥ǰУʱһ˿֮ɫģȻռΪϣûж˻ռռǹܵģֻ˭ǿ
ʱˣЦѽ
ǸСӲţȻϵʵֻоڣʱܸܵһ˿ΣգμģͲҪ¶˰ɣЩЦ˵
ߣҲܣǸСǿҲֻǾڵʵ鵤ڴԲʵѵ㻹𣿡
һŵңϾҪˣ֪ҾȻһСĻһģ
ðɡ
꾹Ȼ˶Է壬߶ʱ̾һӦȻԷ壬һѲļһ
ߣСӣҺͱٶŸɣһҪԲ˶ߣ
ӦԼ󣬰϶ʱһ˿ϲɫǿŷʧĿУԹ֮ɫҲԽŨ
ȻҪúõʰǸСӣڴģڿջв㣬Σ߿Цѯʵ
ðɡ
Ϊʵĵ˵㣬ȻȽ竣ȴɵʢʢеĵ̣Ȼıͬڼ䣬Ϊ˱֤˳УЩһ㶼ʢһӡ
ʲôĳԹҲĵϽУһֻҪֵ̫ʢһҲһֻһֻۡ
¥һһСĻۣŷȻǲ֪ʱѾ˶¥еƺţѰԼķ䡣
֨ѽ
ʱŷԲԶһ䷿źȻ˿ˣ߳һٻӰ
ŷʶŤͷһʱ䣬ϵɫ΢΢һ㶡
ŷʦܣ
ǵٻӰڿԶĹŷʱҲ΢΢һ㶣۵һ˿ϲͼܿģЩɫǱٻӰ˺ܺõڸǶȥ
ʦ㣿ôﰡ
ǺȻֵٻӰȻ˾ͽ£ֻõùŷһʱ벻ǣ˾ͽΪʲôͻȻ
ѵǾʦүү𣿡
Ժ֮һͷ󣬱Ǳҡͷˣ˾ͽʵԸȻǲЩ΢ġ
ǺǣǺʹһģμģˣŷʦܣôﰡѵҲǲμ𣿡˾ͽµһ˿档
ԭ
˾ͽ²Ǻ˾ͽʵһģŷʱЩʧĨܿǱ׳⣬Ͼ˾ͽʵǵǿߣܹġ
뵽ŷҲ΢΢˵ͷЦһΣǹżҲܵ룬ǰμġ
Ǻǣãǿһ𣬴ǻڷУɣ˾ͽЦһ漴ٶƿ˷ţŹŷ糯ȥ
СѾͷ㲻ȥжôֻˡ˾ͽȥ϶ʱ̲סĳʵ
ǺǣҸǴһλˡ
˾ͽһЦֱжǺ治ѵʱ΢΢һŷ˳
ŷ磿
ŷʦܣ
ŷͻȻ֣ڣ˵жһ˿ϲ֮ɫ˵Щˣ͹ŷѾܹѵĽˡ
صĿռ֮УǹŷǼˣûжܻ뿪ҴʱأԼͬţȻ׽еġ
ŷĿ»ȼλԭĴʦִʦһһɨͬǸоЩů
֮У֮ŽΪҵľ˵ףҲֻǾǷ棬һԲϱǴɱɱǸղ꣬ǿ֪Ĺŷ磬ڶԷ¶ɱһ˲䣬ŷѾʵʵĸܵˡ


095 ҹϮɱ
ŷʦܣǴĺܰЩŵļһҪսˣص֮󣬿ҪСŶ
һΪֱˬ»ŷԣЦĹŷļһϷʵ˵
Ǻǡ
ŷҡͷһЦȻ֪ЩϢסڣû뵽ϢȻ֮졣
ԴˣŷҲֻεҡͷˡ
ŷ簡һǹżҲյʢе밡ʱһԵĴϻڵλķзǿߣͬżĺ棬Ͼǵǿߣڶ
һǹżҲյ룬ΪҸ²Ծõˡŷ΢΢˵ͷ
Ǻǣ˵ĻῪʼʱǾһɣҲиӦЦŵ
д⣡
ŷ΢΢˹ֺͼ̸һЩҳ֮Ÿ뿪صԼķ֮С
ͨʹϼ˵һЩ̸ŷڵĽҲһŵ˽⡣
ŵӵĽҲѾڰǰ˳ľˣɹΪŵӵģ˼λʵļһԶʫҲǳɹĳΪŵӡ
˾ͽ½ˣ֮Ȼʵ̫ɫȴѾǺĵӵĺѡѡǰ;
ŷһֱΪأȴδ¶ļһҲǳڶŵҪսĶ
һʱ֮䣬ŷȻδųֹȴѾʵС
ŷص֮󣬲ûмǱۼһΪֱҹ̫
ȻڹŷۼһСʱ֮ķ棬һЩΪ΢
ЩǷƽʱȻᱻǣΪպǰ˳ԹԹŷľģʱǼߵġ
ৡ
յȻڵ֮ͫһ˿ɱ⣬ŷһ䣬ЦôȻˣǾͱҲˡ
ݡ
ڹŷЦ֮ʣһĨҲƿŹŷʺϮ
Ĩ⣬ٶȼΪĿݣԹŷʱֻһţһ̣ѾõƤ˵ĺ⡣
ÿĽ
ŷͷһ̲סͺһԷĽ֮߳ǹŷУΪһ
ﬡ
²ҴͬʱŷͷҲһ˿һϸµͷڵķ֮УһŷԵ׽˲ʡ
ৡ
ͬһĨ⣬һּٶӶƴĽײһ𣬰Ż䣬˫˫ȥ
ס
棬һ״һӰӶŹŷ絭ĵû뵽ĽȻҲ˸߾
ߣͷ¶β޵󱲣βĿʾˣ
ŷӶԷԲϵУѾ֪λˣǸղڿջ֮еλߣˣŷڴû˿ĺӡ
õùŷû뵽ǣԷȻҲһλ֣õС
ٺ٣СޣȻһȻˣϷͽһſŵĸ飬ǲǻ˵ݡ
ЦһӼ䣬һĨɭȻ֮ɫֶȻŷϵķ̣ѾõΪŭ

£ҲŷػӰһչǳ˹ȥгӶ䣬һ⸡ֶһΪĻȣŹŷֶȥ
˵ĽСﰡ
ŷͷ̾һе׽ҲǼ̶Ӽ䣬˵ĹƸֵ¡

Ժڰķ֮Уײ֮ڶգ֮䣬˾Ѿֲ°У֮䣬ٶա
ֻ˵ĽȻΪĵ꣬ǹŷĽͬƾ˵ĹεңӲһĸȫ
ॡ
ٴζһ˲һƮƮĳ˳ȥŷĿУѾһĨظ֡
ٺ٣СޣЩ£ϷС㣬ʶʶϷĽ˵΢΢Цһ
ߣҲŷᶶͬǳƮˣߵ
ֽʽ
ŷ绰µͬʱ˵Ǵһȣ漴Էֱ۱ǿٵĻӶһ⣬ͬӰһֶ
գ֮䣬ֶĽ⣬ѾǲõԺڰķ䣬ƺ
ȥ
ǺֱһӣĽǳŹŷǵصֶȥ֮ͬƲһ㣬˺Ѷ
ϼһĽȻأ
ͬˮһֶĽ⣬ŷƽϣҲǳ׵촽΢΢ֱͬǻӶ
ǹ⡭
Źŷֱ۵ĻӶڵһּΪصķʽת۵е׽֮ϡ
ৡ
Źŷֱ۵ĻӶһͬǹһ㣬ʼ۶գ֮䣬Ѿ֮ࡣ
һʽȻǱ׽֮Уһʽǹ⡣
ֻŹŷڽĸԽȽϴǳʽʩչʱҲǺ͵ͬն


096 
飡
Ľ⣬Сķ֮кȻײľ䣬ֱǽƻһͿЩù֮ϢĿˣǸ
˭ôĴϲ˯
ǰҪһ߶ȥ˯
ģǵùþҲ˯
һʱ֮䣬Ľ֮ù֮쳹õǺ˵Ŀ⣬ǿʼ˸
ٺ٣СޣбµĻͺϷһϸߵ͡
һ˼ԼΪһУȻδܸŷκƣЦһҲŷػӰһӳ˹ŷķ䣬ƮȻˡ
ߣ㲻ɡ
ܵĽ֮ŷҲ֪˵زս֮ҲɣӼ䣬ͬǳŴһԾź׷ȥ
ߣҲȥ
ڹŷͺʧ֮󲻾ãϺ˾ͽµҲŹŷʧķ׷ȥգ֮䣬Ѿʧããҹɫ֮С
ٺ٣Ҳȥ֡
ŴβȥһЩ˯ļһҲĵĸȥ㿴һ֣ϾΪĵĵȴ֮йۿһսҲǸĴʱķ
˵ٶȼ죬ŷٶͬһ׷һӣƬ֮ѾԶԶ뿪ùݣһΪĽֵ֮ϡ
ٺ٣СޣȻ
˼ӵӰȻһ٣һϷʵĿŹŷ磬󻰷һתϷǲ֪ĽǲҲĵһ
Ǻǣܿͻ֪ˣ
ŷԭصɫʱȴȻ¶һĨÿĻȣ֮УһĨɫʸֶ
ԭͨղźͺ˵Ķݽ֣ŷ羹ȻǷ֣һֱ޽չĿ콣Ȼһ˿ͻƵ
ʱõùŷ־ϲо仰ô˵ţ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ߣ֪
ŷеɣȻǱĿŷ뷨Ȼǲ֪Ϊŷ
ʱ䣬ŭһŲһ磬ǳŹŷٶӶֱۻӶ䣬һΪɭĻȡ
ЩʽͲʩչ˰ɣ
ŷһЦҲһĨѾӶ˵һֵ¡
ߣȻϷͳȫ㡣
һֽŷĽ⻯⣬岻˷ͬһһ㣬գ֮Ѿ˹ŷǰ
˫ʽ
ﴫһȣֱһչһѳֶ˫붯ŹŷҪ̶ֱȥ
˵ĽȻȻܹͬʱ˫
ѳõĺˣŷжʱһͷ̲סİһ
ŷȴϲԷĽԽ߳ôͻƵĿҲԽ󣬲ŷҲ֪ƾڵѹõͻơ
ҪͻƵΨһϣǣƵĶԷʹóĽ
뵽ŷҲɣйâһͬһѾֳֶ˫ͬʱӶ˵ĹƸ
ŵŵš
Ϊ⣬һʱǳһС̲סĳƮȶȥٶȿŷĿ֮УѾһĨ֡
㡭㡭㾹ȻҲʹ˫
ָΡΡָŷ磬˲ʵΪ𾪣ǱüһЩڼžĽֵ֮ϣԵøĴ̶
˫ֲ㷢ģΪʲôãҾͲãŷϷʵĿźˣһЦĵ
ãããϷҪĽܹߵʲô̶ȡ
ŷһ˶ʱһ֣Էʱ飬˲¶š
꽣
۾һɣȳŶԷ£ҲһּΪķʽͬһݰ㣬ԭظٵת

ź˵ĸתһľ翪ʼԽԽ࣬󣬾ͬһСһ㣬ŹŷХų˹
ʲôȻơ
ǼתС磬ŷУҲһ˿֮ɫûȻá
ৡ
ڹŷ΢΢ɵһ˲䣬СѾǵ˹ŷǰľ縡ּ䣬õƤΪ֮һǾ磬ѾǾ磬ǷĽһ㡣
ߣҵҪ⽣źε
Ϊƣŷзһ˿֮ģվԭز罫û
ϣ־Ⱦȹŷɣ˵ʽʵ̫죬ŷΣյģ
һ·βŹŷ˾ͽµˣŷ羹ȻǱԷ֮̽Уʱһн»ֱϳ֡
ٵȵȰɣŷɲһ³ç֮ˣȻɶԷûǿ϶ԼĴ㣬óȻ֣
΢΢ҡҡͷĿУһƾâ֡
ǡ
»Щ촽һţҪٶȳڣǾʱǽŷûĽ֮УȻһƾ죬˲佫е˵Ŀ⣬Ǹ˹ȥ


097 Ļ
ˡ
Ƶ죬һȦ糱ˮһ㳯ɢ˿֮ԭɾĽֵӲǸһ
ŵŵš
һ˲ǸתС綸Ȼһ٣һӰΪǱĳ˳ȥһϣʮڡ
Ȼ˿µĽӵ죡
һ˳ʮಽ˷ǿͣ˸䣬˾
˶Щףһ˲֮便ʲôʱҲɢ¶һͦεӰ
ֻӰͬΪǱȻûˣһȴŶദ飬ͬͭһƤ¶⡣
Ƥ֮ϵ΢ŷüͷ΢΢壬֮Уһ˿ʧ
ϧˣվǲôһ㣡
̾һŷ΢΢תת漴˲Զĺϣһ˿֮̾ɫ˸ղŵĽȻδʹùŷɹ콣ȴŷԺ˽͡
ԷղŵһУѾǵĽͬں˷֮һ㣬ӰΣȴ־ɱ
ǹŷڹؼʱʩչ򽣹ڣҪƵԷĽ¾ûôˣҲõùŷΨһһӢܵС֮ģҲ׵
ŷΪҴսʱսʤһ鵤ڴԲĸ֣ľѾһЩͣȻΪҲˡ
ͨղŵһ֣ŷ緽ŷ֣ԭģıɽһǰˣʱʵɻԶԶȺ۵ĵز
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬺˵ӣҲ΢΢֮УѾһ˿ȴ֮⡣
ΪڽҪʰŷһ£û뵽ŷᣬڽ򣬾Ǳֻ߲͡
ŷղűһнǸܵһɼΪǿҵΣÿ죬ڣѾǳһЩơ
ٺ٣СޣȻЩ£һΣϷˣǺڣ
뵽˲ٳɣŹŷЦһչΣԶӶȥ
߾ߣôõ飬£
ŷ۾һУӰ˲ȫԭһĲӰ䱾壬Ѿͬһ㳯ź˹ȥ
Сޣ鲻Ҫ̫һߣպ
ŷٶȷ澹ȻҲǶһģ˵жʱһ˿֮ɫŹŷ
ߣһУİɡŷЦ
ں˵ݣŷѾǲ˸˾ŲʮȻ˴ͷβûж¶ɱ⣬޷ҲҪѵһ١
ǣŷѵʲôôûаɣȻûУƾʲôҪ˽ѵʵף½һ裬ȴⲻ˵ġ
뵽ŷ֮УѾһ˿ĺ⣬Ѿ⣬㲻˻ɱҲҪԷһѵҲñ֪֪ŷ磬ɲһӡ
ߣСޣĪҪΪϷ㣬ȻĽϷκ㲻ãΪܹϷ𣿡
˵֮Уͬŵ㺮ۣȻڹŷεĳԿҲõöԷһЩŭ
£֪ܿˡ
ŷĻһ䣬󻰷һתȻ֮ǰһֱڽУôڣҲһԣ
£ŷҲ˻ػĻᣬһչѾ˺ǰйâһ׽ʧȡ֮һڵս
ɱ¾⣡
ͷһȣŷе׷ս͵ػӶڵҹ£ͬһڹ㣬һš
ৡ
Źŷֱ۵ĻӶһѪɫâʱŨѪ֮ζͬʵѪҺһ㣬ڳдݶ
ĵ
ǳľ޴Ѫɫâɭ̹ǵĺ⣬˵֮жʱһ˿ţôҲû뵽ȻǹŷΪóġ
ٺ٣һվͷȥ
źϵľŷһЦ䣬׷սɵĳźŭն¡

޴Ѫɫâ¹ҫ£һĨĹâ漴նƿź˺Ȼ¡
ߣС񣡡
оɫһţת˲䣬˵һ˿ŭ𣬳Źŷŭһ
Ȼں˵ŭȣŷȴǲǣֱۺݺݵػӶ£Ʒ֮ѪɫâҲɭȻ£գ֮䣬Ѿ˺˵ͷ֮ϡ
Ϸͣ£
ۿѪɫâҪ鵤ڴԲƣһ̺ޱԺй񱩵ƣʵһ㣬Сľ֣ʽ֮״Ѫɫâץȥ
ﬡ
쳹䣬Ѫɫâƴڰ֮кȻײһɿֲƲ

񱩵Ʋͬ˳һ㣬ֵ֮֮ϵĻҳƷɶ
ŵŵš
һ˲Ӱͬʱһ˿ʮಽŻͣ˴˶Ӽ䣬һĨظ֡
ߣСޣ֮£ϷҼˣɽģˮ
ͣµ˲䣬˱ǳŹŷһչ䣬ԶӶȥգ֮䣬ѾûӰ
źʧķ򣬹ŷ촽΢΢򣬲վδ׷ϣϾô˵ûκʧ
ԶԷ鵤ڴԲʵûͺϲİæ׷ȥˣҲκβ˶Է
ڵΧЩֵһɨ漴ŷչΣùݵķ˳ȥ
ٺ٣ϷɢˣҲ߰ɣ
λ˶Ѿ뿪ЩֵˣҲЦ뿪ֻŷͲ󣬽ȴ൱İ꣬ȴѾǸ൱̵ӡ
Ҳ߰ɣ
Ͽ˿ŷʧķһ˿֮ɫ˾ͽ»ˣһ뿪


098 ʼ
һҹ֮УǸݵС󣬵Ҳ㰲
ڶ죬ɫδȫʢǣѾһּ˻𱬵յУһЩӱȽϼļһľ뿪ùݣʢи˹ȥǰģͬ΢һ㣬ͻһ㡣
ɴҲԿʢĺȷܸߣȻĻЩҲͲôķӦˡ
򵥵ĳԹ緹֮󣬹ŷǴϲʹϼһ𣬳ʢ˹ȥȻŻУ׻˵ĺãгԣûпʼһЩȥٻռλòǣ
ʢУλʢΪĵĵضΣ᳡һʮ׸ߵӴöɣȻŷδ棬Ǵ濴֪Ļ᳡ȻǼΪĿ
վʢеĴ¥棬ڴѹѹͷŷǰզ࣬һʱ䣬ѾŲǧ˽˰ɣ
治֪˵ʱֽǺεȵһֳ棡
ǹŷ磬ͽ»ˣһ𺳣Ȼ־󣬶ǵĳҲͬС
ڼ˽ΪĴʢеʱȴǴһӣЦˣҪˣڻȽɣ
ŷ缸ϵĵ˵ͷŴһ𣬽˻᳡֮С
ܴ͹ŷ᳡֮ĵһоֻǱӦüΪĻ᳡֮Уһһŵİλŷһǧ֮ࡣ
ʱѾŴλѾ˽ȵˣ֮ͬڵ͹һ㣬᳡֮ը
аƣȻһɱȡ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ΢ĸпһǹżңȻ֮󣬿ǷһȣԵЩ΢ˡ
һǰλ£Ȼһûһ죬ʱ䣬ȴĿʼ
ڹŷ缸֮ʣһˣĽ˻᳡֮У󴩹λֱǰŵļλ֮
ףǲڵĸһû뵽ξȻˡ
ߣʲô·ϱǼŵĽݵأ
ǰҲǼȭڵأ
һΣʢʲôöأȻĻЩƷŵˣҲʦˡ

ô
Χ˵̸ۣŷĿ⣬ȴǾֱϯλǰŵϣӦ˵ϡ
ΪˣȻù֮У͹ŷйͻһһ٣ֻùŷû뵽ǣԷȻƷڵˡ
ҶԷȻܹĸһμᣬǶԷڵĵλҲȻ͡
ˣǸǻǻ㲻
Цҡҡͷ󣬹ŷǽЩ߰ͷ׳⣬ȻԷƷŵģŷҲʲôӣԷѵĻǹŷҲǵ⡣
ϣһʢᣬĪʲôĶ𣿾ȻõƷŵĸ߲㣬ǰμᣡ
ʱ»Ȱ಻סеĺ棬̲סĳһԵĴʵ
»⣬ŷҲǷ׷׽Ŀ˴ϣһ˿棬ȻͬҲ֪𰸡
Ǻǣö϶УʢбϾУÿһѹƷΪ󡣡
һЦŵһΪʲôƷŵĸ߲ҾͲö֪ˣʢ͸¶ƺһεѹƷһҪĶ
ԭһεѹƷ϶ǷܹõǾ̫ˡ»ûûεĵ
ǺǡȲҪ˵ûǸƷűƴĵõǼΪƾǼˣܹס𣿡ϿЦ
ߣѵǻʢǿɣ»֮дһߣֹĵ
»ӣ϶ʱεҡҡͷȻʢǵʱǿʢеϣᶯ֣ǣܲһֱɡ
˶٣ϽŵңƷŵĵ̣ǽŭٵͷϣڶԳܣ
ŷҲͬĵ˵ͷԹﶼǿ߾֮ߣûʸӵЩöõˣҲþһ£˵ãħ
ⲻûõùŷ٣ӵļᶨ׷۷ľġ
ڼ˵̸۵ʱ߽˻᳡ǰŵλ
ȻӦþƷŵźȭڵˣ
ŵ룬᳡Щֻ˵ĿУһ˿֮ɫôģǾֻԼ֪ˡ
ŵ»촽ţ˵ЩʲôǾʱԻ谵Ļ᳡ȴȻ
ŷ缸һתݶ֮ϣֻһſŸ뵰Сҹ飬ͬǹһ㣬ܲݶɢ͵Ĺâ
ҹ鵱ߣʢУǸͰ
ŷ촽΢΢զզȴǰ̾ʢǮôһ˲䣬ŷжһ˿ʢһյ뷨
Ȼˣ뷨ҲԺ֮һţ漴ͱȥˣҿ϶Բܻ뿪
ʢȻֻһУ䱳ȻһɼΪֲ֧ţȻĻ׬ٶǮҲͽΪ¡
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱڻ᳡ǰ˵ĸ̨֮ϣʱҲǻһλߡ
Ϸ򱦰Ǵ˴ʦ
ϸ̨֮ǶһŽŵĹأشҶ֪ˣ۸ߵãϷͲˣ֮ǰϷҪһЩһμ˵һ£ʹõĻңʯ֮еĽңﲻá
Ȼ
İ˵ŷа̾һ֮ǰŷ˵ʢǸ߶УҽʯҪҡ
ŷ绹һ˿ңЯһЩңʱȻûˡ


099 ĵ
ʵ˵ɴ½ϣʯͨûңڽң֮УһЩͨõĶˡ
Ȼˣ֮Ի󣬽Ϊʯԡ
ʯΪŨ֮أǧɵģ䱾û֣֮Թκ
ңߵ鵤֮ʱǿ֮еѾǱˮн𲻵̫ˡ
ʱ߾Ҫʯ֮еٶܹϲ٣Ϊʯ֮еΪʹʯҲҪ߳١
ʯֵԼһ𣬱õλΪɴ½֮޿Ĵڡ
ΪʯһγɵƷҲͬ˵ǱǷΪĸȼƷʯƷʯƷʯԼƷʯ
ϣһٿƷʯܹ͵һƷʯ
Ժ󣬵ö׬ǮǣȻĻʲôöҲԵõĴŷ΢̾һ
֮ǰƿνǽżҼʮĻȫŷˣһƷʯ
޶ĲƸŷڸոսµʱ򣬶Ǹоһɾ޴ѹĶϾǰȫļҵóĲ˰
һЩԹżĶǸոʵǵĹżңҪԭˣϾżټһҵ˿ɲûǮô
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬻᳡ǰĸ̨ϣǰҲǿʼ˵һƷĽ˵
һ֮һƷ似ΪѿָгɣָգˣǸλϰãսضܹһΡ
߽е鼮ҿ˿ЦѿָļһƷʯÿμӼһƷʯڣҿԾˡ
һʯ
ŷðզ࣬ʢ̫ģһƷ似ѣ棬ҾͿĵû뵽õҡһ䣬Ҫһʯ
ҳһһ
һ
ȻõùŷȻǣǰߵĻո֮ʣбһľ֮ļ۸񣬼գ֮䣬Ѿõǵ׼Ϊһٵѿָһٶʮࡣ
Ʒ似Ҳǰ򵥰
ڶݵĴ㵹󣬹ŷĲ뵽Щԭ̫õ似ֵҲǾԲƵġ
ҳһʮƷʯ
ڣѿָļ۸һʮʱ᳡֮еľ֮ʧȥһ˵õ
һƷһʮĸ߼̨ۣϵİߣҲĵ˵ͷ󣬿ʼ˵ڶƷĽܡ
ڶƷһͨĳΪ꽣࣬ëϷһɶõ
ŷ籾ý֮ˣʱĽ磬ýȻһĿȻ
ǻ꽣ҲȷǷ׽Ҫǿϲ٣ֻƷʯĸ߼ۣȴõùŷӲİǾ۵ͷ
Ŵ˷ľ֮󣬻꽣Ӳٵĸ߼ۣһλӵõ
ܿģһƷ˾Ķȥ᳡֮еգҲڰΪ׵ƤӴ£ﵽһһĸ߳
ڼ䣬ҲǺ֣ǧ߼ۣһƷ似ĹŷȲѡ
ֻڶƷУŷȴûһγ۵ģЩȻÿһֻڹż˵ȴмּߡ
һƷЩ⣬һʦĵãʦǴѧϰ˵νǲɶõ
߻ƿϵɴֽĶ˳ǰ˻Σŵĵһ׼һǧÿμӼ۲ʮƷʯڣʼۣ
һǧô󰡣
е󣬱Ͼⶫֻʦãݣмʦ
ߵı֮ոճڣ᳡֮бһЩıԹ֮ϾǮٶ࣬Ҳôɣ
ĵô
˵ıԹŷ촽ȴ΢΢򣬿̨֮Уһ˿ȱ
ŷõ󱮵ʱ˵һƷҪΪǾ͵Ҫ֮
ԣŷһֱҪϰһֻ֮ڻǹżңûⷽ˲ţҲûⷽ鼮
û뵽쾹Ȼһʦĵãڹŷ˵֮ϲأ
ҳһǧһʮ
᳡΢΢˲䣬ǱһͻĽм֮ƣ˵Ŀ⿴ȥֻǽм֮£ͷңͿ屾Ŀ
ԷҲʦô
ŷ΢΢üа̾һ鷳˶м۵ʱ͵ļ۸ĵõõ
ֻ̣ȻǴˣ
̨ϵİߣ˳֮Ҳ΢΢˿ЦݿĶų˵г۵𣿡
ҳһǧһ
ʱŷ΢΢üΪεı۵
λСֵܳһǧһмӼ۵ûеĻĵãɾҪλСֵˡϵЦԽĲá
ߣҳһǧ
ǰ۵λͷ֮ˣڼȻ˾֮󣬶ʱ̲סŭһּһƷʯ
һǧŷüͷ壬Ӽ۵
٣СӣЩҳһǧ壡Ŀ˹ŷһۣõı۵
ҳǧŷȵѾһĨ֮ɫ
ߣǧƵĿ˹ŷһۣ۵
ѵˣʦô
᳡֮УԵˣнһ˿ɻĹâ
ҳǧ
ŷֱһԼǧȻϺѾһϸϸĺ顣
ףǸСӣ
ŷĴֱʣֱõ˵Ŀ⣬ǳŹŷͶ˹ڵ꿴ŷʱʱ̲ס΢΢һ㶣¶һĨ⡣


100 ͨѧ
ٺ٣СӣȻˣĵþﱣһ
ŷǧ߼۳ʱõЦһٶϯλ֮ϣٳֻۣǶŹŷĿУȴǲ׹˸

˲ٳۣŷҲǳ˿ϾǧʯɲһСĿȻĻżҼʮĻҲֻһʯˡ
ֻõùŷЦѵǣΪһʯѾ㹻ˣֻһʯЩٵĿ
λСֵܳǧиߵûеĻĵãɾҪλСֵˡ
ٺ٣ҳǧ壡
ʱһм֮쳹õùŷԭЦݵ֮ϣʱٶȽӲ
Ŀתǰڵϣոճ۵ģȻꡣ
ڹŷ翴ʱ򣬶ԷҲǡûͷƵĿ⣬˹ŷϣ΢΢һĨĻȣ
֮ɫ꣬ŷĿ΢΢˹֮Уһ˿ɭȻ֮ɫԷεƣѾõùŷУ˵жһ
ҳǧ㻹ٸߵĻĵã͹ˣ
΢΢һŷڻҧٶȼһ٣ĵãǱҪõģֻԷִҪ̧۵ĻŷҲɱ˶ᱦϾ˴ʱĴȻǲܳΪˡ
ԴˣŷòŹ̫࣬¶ԷƷŵˣ
ŷ˻ʱҲ΢΢㶣ϼӼۣùŷһ¹ŷûǮˣǵʱɾ͵ðĵˡ
һЩ似ãòϣٻԸãֻĵãɾûˡ
һʯȥһûõûɲȥ
ߣξͱˣ
뵽ҲҼмˣֻڨڨԭλŷĿ֮УһĨɫ֡
ڳǧûг۸ߵˣ
ʱİߣѾǶЦݣΪܹǧʯѾˣû뵽ھӲĸǧĸ߼ۣ˳ɼԼҲܹһʼΪɡ
Ȼû˳ۣãĵþ͹λСֵˣ
ĿڳлһȦҲ֪ûٳˣһ̨ϣĵþġ
ǵõ˰
أŷŵģҲ˶һƨ֮ϣȻһʾ޿뵽ܹΪŷоǮĻֵͦ
ŷ磬ĪҲ֮Ȥô
ŹŷϣϵҲǻڶ
ŷ΢΢˵ͷڻֻһƷΪ
Ҫ֪֮һ;һͬǸĪ⣬쳣ķҪɾͣҪķѵľʵ̫츳ǽ̫ľ֮Уòʧĳ˵
лϽ̻壬׵ģպ󣬵ɻὫλ֮ôǾͿˣŷ΢΢˵ͷһ֣صĵ
׾ͺã
ŷˣҲͲٶԣ΢΢˵ͷ󣬱ٶȽĿ⣬̨ϡ
ĵǧĸ߼ۣļǳɽļ۸Ҳһһеһףĵһļ۸񣬿ùŷǰզ࣬ĳۣȴɬġ
һƷϸ̨˸߼ߣͬۻһ㣬գ֮䣬ƷѾֻʣ
ʱƷŵˣȴûһγ֣Ȼͬ²һ㣬Ϊѹ֮
Ҳõùŷѹᱦӵĺ˼֡
Ҫģһͨѧ
̨ϣߺɨһˣЦ

ŰߵĻ£᳡֮УһƬȻ֮һɸӻ𱬵գڳɢƷȻδ¶棬ܶȴѾһɴ۾һԲϣǮ˵ļơ
ʢУȻЩŵȻͨѧ
ŰߵĻŷҲ΢΢ֱһЩȴǰΪʢеĴֱʶе̾
ͨѧЩƷ֮УѾڲ֮ܣǶ޴ף쳣֮ˣǶȻ޷õġ
ŷץסǧӵţҲô׵ľܵõһͨѧˣ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ̨ϣҲٶ˰ߵ
ͨѧΪָͨ˵һλָ֮ͨһָ֮£ɻأָħ֮
ָͨļΪƷʯÿμӼۣһǧڣʼۡ˵ţһ̨ʼͨѧľۡ
ҳһ
ҳ
壡
ڳ򣡡
ڰ߻µ˲䣬᳡֮б˴˷ľ֮գ֮䣬ǵ׼ΪͨѧǱĸ߼ۡ
ңǼ۸Ĳ֮ȴɲڶһĺùŷ纹յĸ߼ۡ
ԺһҪһЩǮ
һʱ𱬵˼ĳ棬ŷȴаġ


101 Կ
ڳ򣡡
ͨѧļ۸񱻺̧ʱϯλǰڸһҲ̲סڣ뵽ڶľеС
ٺ٣һ̲ס𣿡
һۣͬǰŵĵĽݵʱ̲סļЦһ󵭵ĵҵų򣡡
ȻǶˣȭҲո֣ҳ򣡡
˵֮ˣһλδ󺺣룬Ŀ侫⣬ǱĿɨˣǸоͬһ߶סһ㣬Ѫ壡
˺ȻƷȭڵ֣
ߣһ˻㣬ڵ˿ɲ£ҳʮ򣡡һĺһ䣬Ӽ۵
Ǻǣҳʮ򣡡ĽݵһЦٶȼ
ٺ٣ȭڳʮ򣡡ҲǼ˵
ҳʮ򣡡
һҲƴ˫ĿݺݵضĽݵͶ֣ĵ
ٺ٣ڹȻǮǵŸʰ·磡
һȻһ˶ʮĸ߼ۣĽݵʱʼ磬ֹͣ˼Ӽۣ䳰ȷĵ
ٺ٣ȭҲûôǮͨѧøˣ
Ľݵ˳˾ۣҲǹЦһ˾ۡ
λ߳Ƕʮ򣬸λмӼ۵𣿡
ߴʱһϣЦÿ۾ˣʮĸ߼ۣɵĻͲһˣ룬ԵֵƽʱһĹˣôܲأ
ߵĻ֮᳡Ǿ˾Щ˿һĿУǴһ˿Ϸʵɫ
ЦͨѧֵǮҲֵʮʯɣοǿɲһǰ㣬һŭ֮¾ͻӽ
ãȻλû˳ۣͨѧ͹ˣ
壬ǰҲ⣬صһ̨ͨѧĹ
ٺ٣һǹϲ˰ֵõһͨѧֻǲ֪һ׼˶Ǯ
ʱһԵĽݵЦĳһ˹֣һϷʵ˵
ߣкθɣ
һƤݺݵض˶ҲԼϵˣĽݵͶˣûȥνͨѧһʼ͸һӣԴʯ
ֻˣһƷŵĸڵˣʢͬˣԺҲûˡ
ˣһȻ޵ֱҲֻܴԼĶʣͬʱҲ׽ţôõõںȭҲһƿ
棬ֵĵڶƷһƷ𽣣
һ̳ϣǵҲٶڳд˿ŰߵĻ£һͨıҲ𽥳ǰ
Ǳͨ죬ͬһȼյһһ㣬õΧĿǳ˽ƣһɳȵϢ佣֮ɢ
ȻֻǰƷȥѾԴն£ܹõսضܹ˲䱩ǣԽսҲǺɵ顣
𽣣׼ʮңÿμӼ۲һǧڿʼۣһ̨ʼһֵľۡ
Ȼõð΢Ȼǣ᳡֮УĻ֮ȴǶȻĳûһ˿ھۣ˵Ŀ⣬ǰŵƷţȻǶ֪Ʒ϶ᱻߡ
ҵڳʮһ򣡡
΢΢˲䣬ĽݵɫԴһ˿صĿڵ
ٺ٣Ľݵû뵽ô˰ɣ
ĽݵȿڣһԵһȴǲŭϲողų˶Էһû뵽ôԷĻᡣ
ţһҲǵı۵ڳʮ򣡡
ߣһĪǸղŵĽѵ㻹ûгԹô
Ľݵɫѿһ˿ݺݵĵһһٶȱԼļ۸񣺡ҳʮ򣡡
ߣһ˭Կһأҳʮ򣡡
Լʹһɫͬѿ
ٺ٣Ȼôϲ𽣣ȭھͲˣ
ʱһԵĶֿ˿ִµĽݵһٺһЦûв뵽֮С
ҳʮ򣡡
ĽݵɫԽٶȼһ
ٺ٣ҳʮ򣡡
һЦɵĸһ
ðɣӮˣ𽣹ˣ
һΪĽݵӼ۵ʱĽݵȴǶȻ˿һЦ
ʲô㲻ˣ
һʱһŭĿĽݵ
ǵûǮˣ
Ľݵʼ磬һΪʧȥ𽣵ʧ䣬ǳϷʡ
㡭㡭
һָݺݵָĽݵ˵һӣһһģñ˶ܲѡ
û뵽Ҳ˼Ұ
ŽԿһֿ˿ıĽݵŷ΢΢ҡҡͷܹڳԿ˵ʵŷлΪˬġ
úúãĽݵһʼҾĵ
һΡΡָĽݵ˫Ŀͨ죬ƺ޲óȥݺݵҧڲŸģҲ֪ⲻܣֻܷ߷ߵһ˦ֱۣλ֮ϣȴǽĽݵ޵
𽣣У
ʱЦݿҲڳлĴ˿õһɫӵ˼֡


102 Ϲؾ
λֵѹƷˣ֪ѹƷȻÿصƷһΣҲ⣡
̨õñЩֵĻ᳡׵İͬǣоһεѹƷշѣ
ʲô
ԭЩǱ²ؼϷ̬ڶ仰ʱ򣬶ʱһһĿ⣬ʼû
ĹѹƷ϶ǻᱻƷ֮еһҸߵģϾ˼Ҳƴ
û뵽һεѹƷȻҪǮȻǲ֪ʢʲôϷǺܶȴֱӾͰˡ
ںǣѹƷܲԼϡ
һεѹƷأ
˵Ļȣŷ۾ȴ΢΢ͷһ뷨
ν³ŷɲţʢлôģԸѹƷ͸ˣֻУȻʲôɸ˵ܡ
ڹŷЩͷʱ̨ϵİߣҲ΢΢˰֣ٶȰ֮ŻڵϻҲͲ˵ˣεѹƷһϢϹؾϢ
ʲôϹؾ
ߵĻոճڣòײŰĻ᳡ٶͬը˹Ƶģ׵ķ
ϣʲôϹؾ
»Ŀ΢΢һĳŴʵ
»֮󣬹ŷ缸ҲͬǺĳϿȥȴŴϵĽȻǲ֪ϹؾʲôŻ᳡֮˵ı飬ܹ²⵽ϹؾȻ̫򵥡
ϹؾʵϹʱڣһЩǿŵַ
ż˺ӣ΢΢һЦŵЩŽǷǳǿֻǲ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ڴ½֮ʧ
Щŵʧȴǳ׵ʧǱôͨÿһʱ䣬ڴ½ϳ֣ʱǱ棬ܹñ
ѵЩ֮еˣѾô»ʳΪĵ⡣
ǺǣһģЩʧϹţûһ˴ʼʱҲ˳ں棬飬ֻȴ֮ԭȴܹӴģ΢΢һЦĵ
ԭ
ŷ缸˽ǵ˵ͷνؾһЩ˽⣬֪ΪʲôŷȴãЩŵ޹ʧ²ǰ򵥡
ϾϹʱڵǿţʵڵͬȼţҪǿ࣬ţǿУȻĻôͻȻԵ޹ʵʧأ
ЦҡҡͷŷʱЩͷ׳ԺڵʵȥЩ鷳ѡ
ͷǹϹؾʲôϢѵϹؾҪˣ
԰㵹ǿ˵
Ⱥ֮УһЩƢļһѾǿʼ̲סĳ̨ϵİ߳ѯ
λ԰ꡣ
ڴˣҲ⣬һЦ·˰֣᳡װ֮Žſڵʢе鱨֪һº󣬾ݣϹڵż
ʱֻҪʵ֮µĸ֣ǿǰܹõʲôͿԵĻԵˡ
ڣȻڣǿϹʱڶǱȽ϶ˡ
ǰû뵽һξȻڵżϢ
֮ݾҪˡ
᳡֮УڰߵĻ֮󣬾һ֮еļе𾪣еĸ̾
ô
ŷüͷ΢΢壬û뵽һº󣬾Ȼڵż
ڣŷΪһߣȻҲ֪һЩġ
νڣŵͳƣŷֱΪڣ󣬰׻Ԩȸիţ
ڣܹ֮ϹʱڶĸʢɲΪǿڶ࣬ʵ񣬶Ϊڣһ츣ء
ˣڼ֮ʣŻ˶ݡ
ֻ˵ֹۣŷͷȴ΢΢ЩأϾǱض·ǿߣʱ򣬱˵Ʒţֻ¾ϴ½İڶǿǰ
˶ڴˣһССݣ̼һŰ
ֻŷʱʵȻ޷赲һеķΨһľǣܵʵ
ˣλأҲԲĽˣϹؾأҲҪǿ󣬱Եߵ֮
̨ϵİһЦŵλԾڴˣλڣ
䣬߳΢΢˹ת̨
֣ˣСһΣ
ǺǣֱǸˣڵżһϢҵøϿȥš
ǺðɣĽЩŵˣɢޣֻܿԼˡ
ĽӰҲ̳Ż᳡֮ȥǵ̸Уѵ֪ʱĴˣǼŻŴϢȥˡ
ŷ磬ڼҲûȥţ֪ǴһڣǻعżҰ
˳г֮󣬴ϵ΢΢˶٣Źŷʵ
ǺǣҾһŰɣڼôҵλ岮ȥϢͺãˮ̫ҲùżҲŷЦЦ
֮ǰѾͷڣͺϲعżҸͺá
Ҳã
΢΢˵㣬˱һͬʢȡղµĶ
ֻõùŷ΢΢üǣȡʱ򣬾Ȼڵˣ꣬ҲǶŹŷͶһĪ
Դˣŷȴǲ⣬ļƷţԹҲϾĻжľ¡


103 
֮ɫѾڣǴ󲿷ֵˣѡҹ·ĿıΪ˽ڼϢЩš
ŷʹһˣͬѡϸ·ϾͬǼŽϢţЩ׼ԱӦԽıʡ
ھʢǵľ룬͹żҾʢǵľ࣬ˣŷ缸һҹڶɫ֮ʣŻصš
ǰõΪϤţŷҲ΢΢Щ̾˵֮ˣŴʱ䣬ȴǼ̵ġ
պ󣬿ʱ佫̣Ϊ֪رǿԵʣŷǾãֻһεڳһЩʷھԼʣŷʣͲö֪ˡ
ŷ磬ŵƣֻöƣɵĳţƶˣһʱţ򣬿ǻᱻ𷣵ģ
ڼ˻ص֮󣬴Ͼʹӻͳһöɫƣݸ˹ŷ磬ĵ˼䡣
ǣףŷֽӹƣ˵ͷ
ãǼԼȥŰɣһº棬ͲˣӦһ͹ŷ缸˸һ䣬ǴҴҵ뿪ˡ
ŷʦܣ֮ҪСŶЩŵӣźöˣҪսأ
ڴߺ»˹ŷԣǺĹŷļ򣬶һϷʵЦ

ŷԣֻҡͷЦ֪λش𣬶ҲһЦЩεҡҡͷ
ŷʲôһ㣬Ťͷżʵˣλʦʦ㣬֪ſʲôأ
ŷ֮ʣҲ޵ķʸϾŵʱ򣬾ŸֹشڣŽ֮ţ϶ǸΪϸĴڣڹŷ翴һЩأҲ⡣
ֻõùŷΪǣ˾ͽȴҡҡͷصĻû̫࣬ǣ֮УȴǸӵļҡ
ŶΪΣ
ŷ΢΢üЩʵӦò̫ҵľǣϾ֮ԾңΪɽ壬Ϊ˻κͽԲŻŽΪҵľ
֮Уδżɽ֣֮Ϊ̫ԵʣŵӺͺĵӶһɽϵġ
һôŸҵľأ
ŷˣ˾ͽĽ͵ŷʦ֪֮УһǱеŵӣǿϰֻĸߵͣŷŵԴҲͬԣΪ˻øԴЩӿɶ˾ԣ֮еľӵļң
Ǳ񣿡
ŷһ˿ԭ˵ɫνΪΪʳЩϣͬá
֪ǱʲôΪݣжŵӵǱأЩ뷨ʱ򣬹ŷҲЩʵ
ս
˾ͽ¿˿ŷ磬ŵǱǸÿ˵սģȻһΪ׼ȷģҲࡣ
ȻˣҲ˵ǵúͱսǱжϳսֻҪ֮ԼǱԶжսȻ˾ͽ»Ľ͵
Ǳ񣬻һöأ
˾ͽ˵ŷҲǶǱ˼ֺ棬ЦȻˣҾҲȥڵڼ
ٺ٣Ҳܺ棬㾿ܹڵڼأ»ٺһЦ
̸䣬Ѿڵڵɽ֮ϣƷ塣
Ʒ壬ŵ壬ͬҲڵ壬䣬ͬһһ㣬ֱ
ԶԶȥɽ֮ϣƲһ㣬ΪƷ֣Ҳ˶
Ʒ壬ŷ绹ǽΪİģϾǵһŹŷ̤ƷĹ㳡һʮ׸ߵľ޴ʯڹ㳡봦ȻŵǱ
ʱǱΧӵŲӰһ֮ڹ㳡֮ϴݶ
ǿ쿴ʦȻˣ
ǰţʦŲŶ೤ʱ䣬ѾǵǱˡ
˱˵ȻĶ
ǸСѾͷô
Ⱥ֮дĸ֮̾ŷǼ⣬һ˿Ĺâ
츳ŷ綼Ϊ۵ģǶԷǶĸ򣬸ǵܹ˳ɼҲڹŷ֮С
Ҳ֪ôˣ
飬ŷҲ뵽˺ԶΪ֮һŷҲΪϧģֻʵĲֻպʱ䣬ҲԽԽ١
˻쿴ʦͻһˣʮˣȻǾʮˣʱȺ֮УٶһƬ֮
ʮô㲻ɣ
ʱŷ缸ҲǻȺ棬ǱɢŽɫâĴ֣΢΢˵ͷ
󣬹ŷĿ⿪ʼǱϻƶĿƶһҲ𽥵ĳУżˣȻΪϤġ
Уʫʮ壬ԶһʮģǺǼǰһ٣˾ʮ˵λá
˾ͽµ˵ҪȺ΢ǰһ㣬ھʮڣսǿĽѾ˵ڰʮŵλá
ŷĿڼ˵֮΢ͣһ£Ǽƶ


104 ŷ
ŹŷĿƶһɫҲǲϵǰֶŷĿƶǰʮʱǼ˵֣Ѿǽ貣ҫۡ
Ӧþʮλĵӵ˰ɣ
һ˿Ĺâŷ૵ĿǰǸ֮ϡ
ս죡
Ǳϵһ֣Ȼս֣õùŷüͷһ˲ͽ
ĵӵһȻλľߴɫʵսʦ֣
ǡ
ŷĵһ˿ɻսʦֲѾʧ˺ܾôѵôһֱܹԽ𣿡
뵽ŷȻЩ˼飬ֻ֮⣬һʱҲ벻Ŀˡ
ŷ磿
ڹŷ綢սַʱȺ֮УҲһȵһٻӰſȺ˹ŷǰǺ黹˭
ŷ磬ڳأߣȥдһ¡
ŷǰһ˫Ŀ֮УŨŨսڡ

ŷЩĿź飬ֻԴˣʵЩףΪʲôȥСɰŮȴôսƺԶİ
ι㵽׸ҲҰ
ŹŷЩ񣬺ʱ˫ֲһӵĵ
ЦҡҡͷŷֵڻҵĶ֣
ʲô
ŷ绰µ˲䣬һ˫Ŀ͵ԲЩߵĵ㶼ûиұԹô֪ҲĶ֣
źһ޵ģŷҲ¶һ˿ЦݣںСӣŷȻӴĲǺܶ࣬ǶӣȴѾ൱˽⡣
СѾͷҪ˵Ưûйϵ˵ʵãһ㼱һֱ㣬ֱΪֹ
ִŵСѾͷȻЩճˣǹŷȴҲų⣬ڵڵŪأһӰһ㣬ܹôһƷҲһʲô顣
ţŷҲϻֱǽϸ˳ںǰ˻ӡ
ߣãҾͿڶλ
ŷˣҲ˹ŷͼһ˫ЩĿǱķ
ǸС˭Ȼʦ㶼ҵ
٣ղûʦ˵ǸСӾǹŷ磡
ǸķзĹŷ簡ҿҲûʲôرʦսҽӣ
Ⱥ֮У˿˿ŷ磬ֿ˿飬һ֮쳹ֻڹŷδ¶棬ȴķзˣܶȴ̫ãǿȻǸǱĺʦ㣬ӵһЩ
ŷʦܣܶ˲Ӵ
Ⱥе֮»һЦŹŷ˵ǰΪԵ֮⣬õý˾ͽ¼ˣεҡҡͷ
Ǻǡ
ŷͬǿЦһҲϻֱڶע֮£ߵǱǰһһ˿ָ֮С
Źŷ㶯Ǳϣŷɫ֣Ҳƾճֱ֣ǻһߣһּΪٶȣǱϷɿĳȥ
٣壬١
˽ŵע֮£ŷ֣ڼ䣬ѾͻٵΣȻһֺ㶨ٶȣϷȥ
λŷʦ֣ȻЩ°
ǰʢ֮޹ܣ
Ⱥ֮У˼ŷ˵ı֣һ̬ȣʱ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ƺɹŷСӣ˹ŷʦ֡
˵ŷʦܾܹŵڼ
ЩŵӶԹŷ治ѣ˾ͽ»ˣǶԹŷΪĺ棬Ͼŷսʤ鵤ڴԲֵ¼ʵ̫𺳡
ȻһЩСԵʣǾˣҲ൱Ĳˣٻκһˣûаˡ
սʦֶδƵļ¼Ҫŷʦܴأ
˾ͽµĿ֮һ˿Ĺâͷһ˿뷨뵽ŷ֮ǰ֮ʱı֣е˿ͷԽǿ
쿴ͻһˣ
ʱȺ֮ٶһ΢Щɢעٶȳɹļ
˵Ŀ⿴ȥֻŷ֣Ѿǳɹͻһ٣ҰѺ֣Ǹѹ¡
Ȼ⻹꣬ڳɹͻһ֮󣬹ŷһֺ㶨ٶȣţƣͬûκѣܹ赲ŷֵһ㡣
ʮʮʮһʮ
ʮʮʮһʮ
Ⱥ֮УŹŷεĲǲĽŷ˳֮У֮⣬ľȻһ˿ڴڴŷ֣ܹǵһԤڡ
ʮˣȻʮˣ
ѵŷʦѾźĵӵʵ𣿡
쿴ŷʦֵΣڲϵأ
Ⱥ֮˵ľ֮̾һԵĺ飬Ŀһ˿أŷǿȻҪԶԶĳϡ
ں֮УŷǿҲͱ΢һѣϾŷֻǵһǱϳΣ϶ûжƿԡ
ǺΪʲôһŷ磬Ҫսԭˡ
ֻڿ͹ŷ֮Ĳ࣬ûΪʵ̣ӵһЩأ
ⲻɵãúͷһ˿ɥ֮С
ߣǲģһ죬һὫܵģ
ͷľɥǱŨŨսȡݺݵػ˻Сȭͷ뵽


105 ս
ˣ쿴ŷʦֵΣѾˣ
ȺУŹŷÿһһЩ֮ٶȿŷĿʱѾǷ˼ı仯
͵ɡ
ȻʹΪŷλٽһ֮ʣŷ籾ȴǺȻ˿ָһǲעƵҲǶȻʧ
ףôȻͣˣ
ŷʦĿǰҲֻܳ嵽ˣ
ǰЩϧأһΪŷʦܹսʦµļ¼أڿŷʦҲ޷ˡ
Źŷֹͣ˼ΣЩΧǱΧˣȻҲǷ󣬶һɫ֮ڳ쳹
ֻ˵ۣŷȴһ˿ɫЦҡҡͷδ˵ʲô
˽Źŷ֮ʱȴûз֣ڹ㳡Զһ̨ϣͬżӰڽĶŹŷ֡
˾ͽµ˿ЩӰʱȻᾪȲѣǣȻЩλʵǼߵĺĵӡ
ȻҲǶԹŷͷʢˣŲٵĺ档
ǹŷ磬Ҳȷżֱ£һγǱ񣬾Ȼܹȡ˳ɼԺҪһľˡ
ٺ٣ǱҿѾнһʱûгˣôȥĻôĳɼ
ٺ٣ǹŷȻʵȴվֻһˣ㵱ܹһλ鵤ڴԲĸ֣Ҳǽ֮㲻
һʱ䣬ŹŷЩĵӣҲһķԼĿֻ󲿷ֵˣȻЩϹŷġ
ߣǹŷôѵʦ𣿡
ʱһ۵꣬ЩмƳƳ죬һȻĵ
⡭
һ˵˵Ŀ⣬̲סƳվڸ̨ˣ֮Уһ˿ɵ
ֻ̨ǵӰһɫۣһɫǹĿ䣬ķâһ㣬â¶
ˣϵĵڶĵӣʵϵĺĴӣ졣
ʱĿҲǽĶǱϣŷɫ֡
ԣɾţ
Ƭ֮ȻջĿ⣬һ˿ײ촽ƲƲĳ
ٺ٣죬˵ˣҿɼǵã㵱һγʱǰʮûгȥ
Ļ£һȻ쳹õɫ˲
ߣĪԪ㲻Ϊǹŷ磬Ѿʸս˰ɣ
쵭ĿһǸոճ꣬ЦȻǹŷȷңѾǻʵ鵤ڴԲԪ֮Ҳһ֮ңΪƾŷһˣܹвĵ𣿡
ٺ٣ɲ˵
ɫۣһȴ˿Ĳη壬˺ȻǱĪԪ
ãȻˣҽ쵹ҪǹŷʵΣ
ĿĪԪһۣתͷһ˵ɣȥǹŷ磬ʵǲĳЩ˵ǰ㣡
ٺ٣ϣҪˣŶûǵͷˣҲǺĵӵʵ
˵֮ΪɣǱԭŵֻŹŷϰ˵ߵλá
һﵽͷϣѾõɵΪĲˬֻԼݣҲ鷳
һ仰ҲûκιǣЦһŷĿ֮Уһ˿Ϸʵɫ֡
ŷϵʵϾֻоڣ˵ڹżʱȻսЩϾû˼ҹŷ統ʱǽ֮
ЩĵӣģԹŷһ˿֮⡣
ţȥɣǵֲҪ̫أô˵ԷֻһˣΪǵʦָ֣һɡ쵭ĵ˵ͷ
ٺ٣ʦ־ܷġ
Цŵ˵ͷһԾ˸̨Ź㳡֮ϵĹŷȥĪԪˣҲȤĿ
ŷʦܣ尬񾿾ʲôʵˣ
ʱĹŷ磬»ΧţһͬϡжһŹŷ磬»һ˫ĿŷʱǴŵСǣ˼ĵ
˶ˣŷҲΪΣ̲ס뵽֪ղžͶһˣȻĻҲˣ
ʲô鵤ҩУûкҩ
ˣŷȻͷ󣬿Ҳֻʵڶѣ
һһ̥ҲǾôڰʮŵλð
»һźΪԸӵľСϣǹɫһ޹ǹĽҲǿЦҡҡͷжڹŷ磬Ѿ˿ʱ֮ˡ
ǵãһμŷʱ򣬶Էһص˶ѣʱĹŷ磬Ϊ˻ĹھҪ˼סѡ
񣬶ԷȴѾɳһ̾ĵزٵĳɳҲȷֻб̬֣ˡ
ǹŷɣ
ڹŷ类»Ūͷ۲ѵʱһΪ㳡֮쳹õ˵Ŀ⣬̲סĳ˵֮˿ȥ
ŷĿͬϣüͷ΢΢һ壬˵ͷҾǣ֪ʦǣ
ɣҪдһ֪ŷʦǲǸӣ
ֱǵ⣬ȻϿѯʣͱ˵ƣȴûһҪѯŷ˼
ɣȻʦ֣
ǰʦֿǱĴڣû뵽Թŷʦս
ٺ٣ʦѾˣǱǰʮĸֶսһܾʡ
кϷ˰
ɵԼֵʱ򣬹㳡֮УһƬ֮˲䣬ЩԭΧǱڶӵܣǷ
ϾһͷʢˣһƵĺĵӣ߶Ծɲܼġ


106 
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սŷ粢ûκε⣬Ͼ֮ǰ»˾ѾǺ˵ŲٵŵҪս
ֻõùŷ΢΢ЩȻǣԷһεսȻɳһǱߵĸ֣Щ˶ŷ磬ҲŲСļɵ
ţŷҲǺȻһѣЦðǾͶлʦֵָˣ
ߣ̸ָϣǽһЩ˵ĵѣΪˣҪ˵ľ򣬲ҪΪƾһЩ֮ʣ鵤ڴԲĸ֣ΪԼʵˣһЦ֮絶âһ㣬õһԵ˾ͽº»˵ɫǲѿ
ŷ촽Ҳ΢΢䣬һĨɭȻ֮ɫ֣ȻԷͱ˵ĻҲõùŷЩŭ
ŷԡҩζʮĶԻЩſϷ̬ŵУҲǸӵĻ
ְɣ˵һ۸ˣ
ŷ粻˵ɻΪŷЩˣԴһз緶ģ˵
ˣСܾʦֽһ
ŷһѣһ˿ɫ֣˫һţͬһ㵯𣬳Ծ˹ȥ
ʵĲ㲻ʹûӰŷٶҲǼ죬գ֮䣬Ѿɽǰ
ৡ
󣬹ŷ̽˫ָϣָͬһЯƷ֮ɵؿڼ̶ķâõÿ֮Уһ
Ȼ⿴ΪһУУȴõĲмӵŨһЩǹһĨĻȣЦʽδҲ̫һЩɣ
Ц£ɽ͵ڵһ壬񱩵ӿ䣬쳣Ӳĵ棬ǸùѶ
ɵ壬ͬԱһ㣬˷Źŷӭȥ
һȥ
ﴫһȣֶȻ̽ճȭһһͬһֱݺݵغ˹ŷ˫ָ֮ϡ
顭
ȭָײһڳдݿŷһ̲סĳ˳ȥһΡ
ɣͬڵһ㣬Ҳ
ŷʦܣʵ𣿡
һоѾȵĽŷѹƣе֮ɫӵŨԽĿ϶ŷֻͽѣ̲סĳ
ɴ˻ŷȴûκεı飬ڵ֮ͫУͬҹһ䣬û˿
ͨղŵ֣̽ŷѾ֪˶Էʵ鵤֮ʵŵУȷѾֻڹŷ˵㲻ʲôС
Ͼŷڹżһλ鵤ڴԲĺȻ֮ʢǣŷֻƾԼѾǺλͬΪ鵤ڴԲĽƴ˸¡
Ȼڼ䣬ŷϵʵûٶͻƣսȴѾ˲٣Ͼǵȸֽ֣սɵɲһǰ
ԣŷȻǾڵľ磬Ƕɣлûʲô̫ѹ
ŷϲûгԼ֮еķŭɵɫȴεսΪŷġ
ȴû˿Чôõɲأ
ߣҴὫʱǲǻװ
ͷһ˿ЩԹ뷨ɵɫȻúһչٶȳŹŷ˹ȥ
ৡ
Ϊ鵤ڵĸ֣ŵĺĵӣٶͬǲŷĻӰҪôһ˿ӳ˲䣬Ѿ˹ŷǰ
ɵƶȻ̽񱩵Ļͬˮһע֮Уռ¶ȣǶȻ˲١
һƣ
Ĺע֮УһƴСͬһӡᣬ۳Σת䣬һļµĲ
Ұܰɣ
ЦһƶȻӶƿˣŹŷؿŭĶȥ֮Уƺһ˿ɭȻ֮ɫ
ҪҲڽô
еɭȻ֮ɫŷȴ΢΢һĨÿĻȣ󣬹ŷնȻһ࣬ƤĶ䣬ͬһ㣬¶һĨķâ
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һ̣ŷĺ䴫һͺȣ񱩵Żͬһ쳹õɼٻӶƣǳһ˲ͣ١
Ϊݵһ˲䣬ŷ綯ˣֻ˫絶͵ɵ֮һ

ŹŷĶͬƲһ㣬һ֮Уһ޵ĺâһ㣬ת˲š
һ̣ŷͣ٣󣬶ɣǱǸƵʽԭضҲͬ˶һ㡣
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˭֪أֶԾ׵ģ
ǹŷʦָղѾˣӣƺûʲôã
˲Ǵƽ˰ɣ
Ⱥ֮У˼˷ʱɻѣ󣬿ʼ
˾ͽµˣҲɻЩףΪʲôոջҽֵˣڶ̶̵һ˲䣬ͬʱͣ
ˣ
ʱŷƽҲڳ쳹һＤǧˡ


107 Դ
ˣ
ŷƽͬƽˮ涪һʯͷһ㣬ʱǧ˻
ʲôʦˣ
ôܣʦֿǱߵĺĵӣôô׵ľ˹ŷʦ֣
ŷʦֵʵȻ˵ɳ
һ˲䣬ڶŵӵͷ˸ֲͬ뷨һǣٶȿŷĿʱѾǱľȡ
˵ŷ֮ǰǱȡ˵ѾõΪˣֻֻһΣܺеӾأ
͡
ʱɵ嶸Ȼһ֮УһѪӿ˵߿ȥֻɵģͬ滮һ㣬һѪڣѪҺɿӿ
ôģ
ɻתɫѿ˼㣬ҪúõŷһڣûɣԼӡ
뵽ŷղΪصһƵɾǸоͷƤЩ飬ղڹŷƻӶʱãŷӶĸͲһֻƣһɱ¾Ϣľħħ֮£еĸܵϢ
Ǻǣܣ
ŷһЦȴûдɽͣϾĿǰĴǵжԵĹϵȻǵˣŷôɵԼ˵أ
ֻ˭ûз֣ڹŷ΢΢֮ϣһ㱡Ѫɫ棬ǵ棬ʵĵ涼Ҫ࣬Ƶ΢ڶΧĿ
ʵһУŷҲʱģ޷Ǿǽɱ¾ѹ֮϶ѡ
ɱ¾ⱾѾǼֲŷѹǵ棬ѾǺʵʵû˿ȻС࣬ȴʮֹ
ȻĻԹŷĿǰɱ¾򣬿Ҫ׵ĻɣЩѶȵġ
ͨղŵһʱ𣬹ŷҲǷ֣Ȼɱ¾⣬Ƕɱ¾ãȴֻΪǳġ
ղţǹŷʵǿһЩɱ¾۵ĸСһЩֱ۳һö룬ˣ»Ҫࡣ
ߣҿˣȻܲϣʵȷǿ
ûеõҪĴ𰸣Ȼõ΢΢ЩʧȴҲ֮УҲܸɴֱ࣬ǳԼˡ
ֲ˲֮ϵѪɱתʱķȥھŷߵʱɵĽŲ΢΢˶٣ŷ磬ȻңںĵУ㲻ģʦֺĪԪʦѾ˶עû鷳պҲģΪ֮ɣ
£ɱǲͣŽŲԶȥ
ǺǣɣҲ̫
ԶȥıӰŷǣҲǻĹһĨЦ⣬жΨһһ㲻ҲŶԷһ仰ɢȥ
漴ŷüͷ΢΢ɵԷսȻţΪƶ
ܹƶλĵĵӵˣȻǶԷĪԪˡ
ˣŷǱϼһ˵ڶһ˵ˣǺĵУĴмڣԷʵ϶ҲǼΪֲġ
ˮڣ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ̾һϾҪ鷳ҪֹҲֹˣΨһľǣЩ鷳ˣͳͳȥҲû˸鷳Ϊֹ
ٺ٣죬ô˵ûɣ
λĵڵǴ̨ϣĪԪЦһϷʵĵ
ĪԪĻ£ЩԭŷĺĵӣҲϾŷǴߵɣ֮Уźöˣɶأ
ɫҲЩŷĿʱҲԽŨһЩջĿ⣬ĪԪЦߣܹǸҲ˵ʲôһ죬һõף󱮣ɲʲô˶õģ
Ŷԭҹŷ鷳ΪԷõ󱮵Ͽɰ
һ˵ĪԪĵŵĴһõĵӿĿʱҲǷһЩ仯
Ͼڵѵ˲֪Щĵӣ֪ķǳģõζʲôҲΪ
ʱĻ֮УǲԷͼԹŷ磬ѹͲΪ˵ԵʣΪŷõ󱮡
ɫͬǱüΪֻе뷨û뵽ոΪȻ˵˳
ˣҲֻܶĪԪĺһȥΪ£õжڹŷĺ⣬ȻŨһ֡
ٺ٣죬ˣ󱮼Ͳ
ȥĪԪĻ׵ķŹԷıӰһ䣬õ켱Ĳ΢΢һ٣ģһŭߴ
뿪ЩҪõĺĵӣҲǷ׷ȥٲߣͻᱻĪԪˮϡ
ٺ٣ŷСӣϣܺúõıס󱮰ɣ
˶Ѿ뿪ĪԪĿԶĹŷһۣһҲʧԭء
Щĵӽ뿪֮Ǵ̨ϣȻӰһȻǴϡ
վڴϵˣͬһλʹߣۣͷڣμ䣬һ֮ɢ
ϣΪʵǿɵģǾþӸλɵһϢ
ʦ֣λӣǹŷˣ
ָָŷڵķ򣬶ԵЦվԵߣȻڵš
ţӲţ۹⣬ȻһĶ
Եĵ˵ͷŷĿ֮Уһ˿֮ɫ֡


108 ѧϣ
ŷʦܣġ
֮»˱˹ŷԣ»ǺĹŷļ򣬳Źŷ˴Ĵָ
ȻЩνĺĵӣ»ͬûʲô̫õӡ
ǲԶĺ飬ŷĿУһĨɫ֣Ļ˻Լķȭת뿪ˡ
֮󣬹ŷ˲δڹ㳡֮϶ͣ˾ͽ¼˴ţȥһ򵥵ĵǼǣһԼСԺ
Թŷһ˵ݣûʸ񵥶סһСԺģСԺĳ֪˹ŷǱϵ֮󣬱ǺԥĻָ֣˹ŷһСԺЩŵӣ۲ѡ
˾ͽ¼ڹŷ¼Ҵһ˹ŷһЩŵ֮󣬱Ǹ뿪ˡ
ŷҲδˣϾڵżϾҪˣҪ׼Ķкܶ࣬ûʱдˡ
ҿ˾ͽ¼˵ɫȻҲΪżģҲҪڳ֮ʣһЩ
Ȼ˵ڳܶĸֶǰԹŷ˵ʵǰȥ֣źܴΣգ׻˵ĺãվͰŴңħʱ䣬ʱҲȥ˽֮һԹŷʱʵȻ޷ֹġ
οĹŷѾǵ֪ĸ׵ϢзһҪڵģһУҪǿʵܡ
ˣŷǲܷŹκһ˿ʵĻģ¾ĪΣգҲȥһ
ȻˣΣգſΣգԣڵż֮ǰһЩ׼Ҫġ
ŷĿǰУɱˡ
һ֮ھҪ˶ݵʱ䵱УҪʵǶĸһȻЩʵʵġ
ܹɰƷΪŷսֻᱩ࣬ʱ򣬾һЩһԪǿߣ򲻹ӦûǿԵġ
ҲΪʲôŷʢʱԸ⻨ôļǮĵõԭˡ
ţŷҲߵǰ£ӴͳĵãʼĹۿ
Źŷ緭ĵãһеӬͷС֣Ҳǳǰ
һ֮;һΪķҪɾͣҪӵмߵ츳֮⣬ľѪ
֮ȻݹϷһĸ;򵥵ķΪ裬ߡΡ飡
νߣҪΣһΪ򵥣û츳ߣֻҪϰҲɴﵽ
ڶΣǽ״̶һߵҪ󣬾ѾǼߣҪǿĸ֪ҪлܣңҪǣһǳɣ;΢ͣ٣Ǳǰ
һĸ飬˼ǸԣҲҪﵽҪ󡣡
ܹõĻôһѾǳ·ԺУҲȫˡ
ŲϷĵС֣ŷüͷҲʱʱɣһգ𽥵
ͨĽܣŷһҲһŵ˽⣬裬ŷҲܹȫ⣬ҶǵڶҪ󣬹ŷҲţϾĸ֪ҪԶԶڳ˵ġ
ֻĵ֮ϣм䶼͸¶һ˿أõùŷĸоֻҪɲס
ȻˣŷҲһԷ֮ˣԽս飬ܹõԽӵġ
ҡҡͷŷǼķĵãϵķģһ˽⣬Ҳ𽥵ļ
ͨĵ˵һ壬Ķ˵ͨ۲ֲ֪ϵԣӶͨϵĴĽһ
Уڸ֪Ҫ󣬾ǼΪĿ̣ߣҪһ˲֮䣬׼ȷĸ֪κһطԡ
ңҲһͨҪɹһǲϵѡ֮ͬأǰһˮԵĲϺһֻԵĲںһǾɣҲƲɡ
Ȼˣڲϵıĵ֮ҲһϸǲõùŷͬͷӬһ㣬ײ

ĵȫһ飬ŷ̧ͷ˿ڣףһҪĶࡣ
ֲãɴ½ʦȴ޼
ٶȻ˰СʱԺ֮й֪ʶȫһ飬ȷûʲô©ʹ֮󣬹ŷŽĵպãȻų˷䡣
ҪľǣռһЩϣһǴռ
ڣŷβͣǽٶȿ󻯣ڲԶļ֮رǽеķк̳һȦ֮ٶȷڡ
ŷѹΣҲõĴŵùĹĵģʱ䣬Ѽ׾ֳƲϣ󵶵Ʋϣʮ΢һĲϡ
ĽǣõùŷٵˮϵĽҼӻһգʯ˲٣ʵùŷһˡ
»ص֮󣬹ŷ粢ûһͷȥȥ˿δʫꡣ
ʫǸСӣŷһֱΪϲģֻרʫʱ䣬ȴԽԽ١
ʫжڹŷ磬ҲһЩԹģЩԹŷʱǳ׵ʧ顣
ںʫһ֮󣬹ŷͣȥݷ˺ԶСһ
ںԶСɵ飬ŷһֱǱȽϧģ֮УһǹŷڵĵһѣһˣҲǺ͹ŷ繲ѣν֪
ڸ˺ԶС֮󣬹ŷŻصԼС֮Уʼһεġ


109 ѧ£
ҪĹߣرĸӣֻһ⴦ĸ»¯ԼһȽϼӲĶ촸
ŷһεĿ꣬һѾֳ
ֳֻУΪͨ͵ȵһЩԶɣֻЩڹŷһνӴ˵ɻ൱սġ
ȵĻ¯֮ԣŷϥ˫Ŀ΢գԺ֮Уĵ֮мصйϢֱŷȷԼûκһ˿һ©֮Ż˫ۡ
ڵ֮Уžƽͬˮһ㣬û˿Ȼһ̣ŷѾǽ̬ѵ״̬
Ҳڹŷ˫۵˲䣬ʼˣ˫ͬ΢һӹһԵһַŽ˻¯֮УٶЩ޴Ķ촸Уֱ֮ϵļͬСɽһ㣬΢΢¡ʱܹ޴
͡
ȵĻ¯֮УŻڣһЩ˹ŷ֮ϣճһСһĿӶ
Դˣŷȴ⣬ͬûиоһ㣬һ˫ĿֻǽĶŻ¯ǿڿٱľ֡
ĵ֮ϵļأ֮ʱϵ¶ȣͬ쳣Ҫ¶̫ͣ׶죬¶̫ߣֲðճͣԶ¶ȵҪ󣬿νǼߡ
ʱŷǽǿĸ֪͸ȵĻ¯֮Уĵĸžֵ¶ȡ
ڣ
ĳһ̣ŷ˫ĿȻһֱ֣̽˻¯֮УѾǱõͨľֿ飬˳󶪵һԵ̨֮ϡ
ҲǾֿ鱻̨ϵ˲䣬ŷҲǶˣԴСĶ촸ڹŷͬûһ㣬䲻ϵĻӶ
Ϊٶ̫죬ڿ֮˵ӰƵײ֮ͬһ㣬쳹
顭
Ƶ죬ڹŷ緿֮в쳹𣬶̨֮ϵľֿ죬Ҳڹŷô֮£ٵı任״
Ȼĵ֮е˸Ϊ裬ȴǴϵģĵһǴ
ϾٺãҲʣЩʵĶ٣ƷʣžԵãһȽ֮еʴ
ЧҲֱӵķ޷ǾǲϵĻͨĥȥʡ
顭
ŷֱۣͬ糵һ㲻֪ƣĻӶţʱƣŷֱۻӶٶҲԽԽ죬ͬʱһˮ˳֮УҲڹŷֶȻʼӦ֮󣬹ŷѾ𽥵Ϥ˴ķ
һСʱ䣬ֱǾֿɫԭǳɫڵɫŷ緽ŴŴͣ

ͣеĶŷղһͷϵĺˮȻ֮ˣ㳤ʱǿȵĻӶ촸ҲЩԲ̫ۣͬǦһ㣬쳣ء
ֻȻۣǹŷ˫Ŀȴ֮У硣
ӦѾˣ͸ˣ
ﴫһЦŷٶȽǾֿ鶪˻¯֮УԼǳΪݵĻᣬұۡ
ʱ䲻Ǿֿٶȱͨ죬ŷ羭һϢҲǸоұۺ˺ܶ࣬û˿ɵģʼһ
ߣǽвںϣһµ̥У̥ѣѵǽֲںϡ
ͬĲϣҲͬҪֲںϣҪһЩķһҪǿĸ֪֪ÿһֵںϳ̶ȡ
֪ŷ粢ȱĶ֮ĵ֮ҲһּأΪٶ֮ͨϵĴüֲͬԵĲϣ׵ںһ
ֳΪƷʵ£ҪĲϳ˾֮⣬ҲֻһֳּͭӲȴȽϴ䣬ǲκθϵĻ۶ϡ
ͭȴ쳣ͣ;໥ںϣýߵԸ໥һľֳоֵļӲҲгͭ͡
ɣٶȡһЩ֮ͭ󣬱ǿʼ͸ղͬǣһΣŷӶĶ촸һǰ㣬ٶȼ졣
һΣŷӶٶȷңڴ˵ĻǾͻ֣ᷢŷÿһλӶ촸һ˿ע촸С
촸ע˹ŷ֮ҲǸӵľ޴ÿһ̨ϣһЩ𵴣һ㡣
顭
һʱ֮䣬ŷС֮УٶȲϵõһЩ˵صŵӣΪĺ档
ڹŷ֮£ǹȥСʱʱͭѾǺ;ֳ׵ںһԹŷĸ֪жϣˡ
߳ɹŷû˿ͣ٣ʼһΡ
ΣΪڶѶȱҪ߳٣Ϊ״Ҳ˵ǹ⻬̶ȣǶżߵҪ
֮󣬽֮ϻǿп޵İɣ
˵βˣֻ¾ϣҲҪۿۡ
ԣΣҪߵĸַ֪ԼİգҲźܴĿ顣
Ȼŷ粢û̫ľ飬գҲ̫á
ԣھ˰Ĵ֮󣬹ŷǰǱֳЩֱӣ֮ϸһһ飬ŤŤһջࡣ
һ£ǲ̫갡
ֽԼеľֳŷЦһΪڼľѾһЩУ֮ʱҲż˼֡
ڿļԳԲȶĿǰˮƽ˵󱮸ΪˣĶһͨľֳЩѡ
뵽ŷҲͲ̫ϣʼһһרĴ˾֡


110 콣
գ֮䣬µʱѾȻţʱУŷҲȫĵͶ뵽֮У׵ľֳϺ󵶵ƲϣҲڹŷʳĴ֮£ٵˮš
ȻˣŷҹԼյĸҲŲСջ룬ڸʮײϣѾܹɹƳһȻĵȼĵͣǱһʼҪ̫ˡ
ҾʱĲŷգҲ˼ߣҲֱӵ£ʩչ似ʱҲ쳣ĿСģչֳ
顭
峿ӦóŵС֮УʱȴǲųƵ촫ݶ죬ƺ涼ڸ΢
ֻһȴ쳣ͦεӰϵĻӶֱۣԴСĶ촸·ľֿһ¡
ˡ
Ƶŵٶ쳹𣬶ǵӰеĶȻͣ£ĿнһΪصӡᡣ
顭
Ȼ䣬ǵӰյ˫ĿȻڵ֮ͫͬһľâֱӰӡٶһ䣬˫ͬһǰǱոճεĳȥ
͡
˫ڳ֮ϵ˲䣬һ΢쳹һɫĺ⣬һţ˽֮С
ˡ
ͻıʣǳȻһ𣬷һͬĽ֮С֮лص
Ȼգ֮䣬ǳ޲Ľ֮ͣҲ֮ϢõǵӰϵĻδȫɢЦݣЩӲ
ʧ飬ȻѵġӰЦҡҡͷ̾һ
ӰȻǹŷɣԴӵտʼ֮һֱûͣЪеʱ䣬ע֮ϡ
ʱƣŷߺΣ˵ܱ֤ٷְٵɣǵʮ֮Уһѿɡ
ֻƫƫģڵĸ飬ŷ絽ȴһÿÿڹؼʱʧܣŷԼҲʧܵԭ
һʧܣŷ粢δŽһĴ΢΢ĿĻԼղʱÿһϸڡ
ڹŷ£ܿǷ֣ڸղһϵеĶУںܶطŲ֮
ֻõùŷ΢΢Щʧǣʧܵԭȴûҵ
ֻѰԭˣ
ЦһŷҲ֪һ͵飬̫Уòʧֻڽʱ䵱Уԭˡ
ҡҡͷŷߵԱ£ʼһεķĵá
ϰߣŷҲ֪Ǻʱɵģ֪ÿһ֮ȥۿĵãͻŲͬķ֣ҲΪʲôŷܹڶ̶̰µʱУͿɵǰˡ
飬ָԣ飬飬飬ֻǼԶѣǸԡ
ʶҪɹ飬ҪԺڣǺ顣
һÿһ飬ǲͬڣԸֻ֮Ǳ棬ǵҪģĳ飡
ĵ֮Ϲڸŷ¶˼֮ɫ˵ʵڵģ仰Ѿ˲ʮ飬ֻһΣͻһβͬĸ
ԣÿ춼ҪϺü飬ŷҲо˿ֵᷳ
ǰҵ⣬Щƫ
֮󣬹ŷ罫ĵúϣһ˿âĵϵļأǧ飬ԭΪÿһֲͬһֲͬ顣治ˣֻλǰ˵ǣͬһҲŲͬ顣
񾫸ֳһȻͬһ飬ȴһͬˣ򣬻ʱ䣬ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
˵޷ɹ飬Ҳˣ
˼ĵ˵ͷŷЦȻˣǾȴ˽ÿһԿʼɣ
ţŷֽĵ÷źãȥ
ΪӴԵʣŷ緢֣˽һҲЧķȥȥȥ۲죬ȥʹ
ֻеʹʱ˽κһطκһԡ
ŷԼ׽Ծӯ׷սǰ
ৡ
Ժ֮Уŷû˿ɵģʼ˳ȥһױ׽ˮһʩչ
ǽ⣬ã򿳻̣ʱ鶯ʱѸ籪ʽ任䣬ԡ
ŷʹõĳ׽ԼһֳȻͬǸʧܵģԣеӦϱȽϳɹһˡ
ŷĶãһʩչű׽һĸųԡ
ꡭ
ʱڤڤ䣬һ㴰ֽһͱơ
ڹŷָо˲䣬Լûз֣ʩչĽʱѾ˼ı仯ȻͬпۿĻͻ֣ᷢÿһнޱȡ
ҸӲ˼ǣʱƣŷĽڲϵļӿ죬֮ѾͬӰһ㣬˿С
ױ
ﴫһ׽ĵʽԹŷʩչһŴ۵ĹâͬһС̫һ㣬Ӷһ̣ݺݵײ˲Զһô֮ϡ
䡭
쳹̳ɢ˺ϱĴڹŷһױ֮£ֱǱأľм
ǡ
ŷһ˿ɻղŸûʹö˵ӦûŶԣǰԵһĻνͣ
ոգ콣
ϸĻһԼղʩչǵ龰ŷжʱһ󣬱Ǳһϲ棬û뵽Ȼ£˿콣
ڿ콣ŷһֱΪȵģһֱûзڿ콣򣬿ϴʢǺǽһսʱ֮Ҳûнˡ
û뵽쾹Ȼͻˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ


111 ֮
콣ͻƣڹŷ˵νһ֮ϲһȽϵ̬ʱҲǳ˾ҵĲ
㣬һ֮ƽ궯ٶչʼʩչ˱׽
ʱĹŷ磬һһ⣬רעڽ֮УˣһʩչǸо˺ĲͬƿʵЧŻһκԶľ룬һ룬ѾĽǰ˷ʤ
ʩչʮ鱼׽ֱŷоѾȫƿ콣ʱͣͷ֮Ȼźˮ۾ȴ
˵սʼǵԶתģȻõıȽϼ򵥣Ƕİȴʵ̫ˡ
ҲǹŷһֱÿǷԶԭ
ѳɹ˿콣սʼ֮кЩ֣ӦҲԷˡ
ŷЦһǼæתݣսʼ˳ʼսʼǺĶ
սʼǺصĶŷһֱΪģֻսʼΪĸ룬û֮⾳ĵ磬÷ġ
ԣȻսʼһֱϣǴûзĹ
Źŷ緭սʼǣһеӬͷС֣Ҳǲпٵֶ
дǧ⾳ͬǧ֮⾳֮һˡ
ƣǧһԣ֮һҲֻרעһ⾳ѡ
׻˵ĺã书޼᲻ݣΨ첻ƣԣ֮⾳һ൱⾳
ǰص磬ǿ֮⾳Ŷѣ綼޷ﵽǱ㲻ᴫС
ŷҲЩգΪ⾳ǷѾ˼û뵽ս£Ȼֻš
뵽ŷҲǺȻ˺ǸСӣԷڿ֮⾳ĸ򣬿ɾҪˡ
ӦҸᣬսʼǻˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷʱ׿ЩͷĿսʼǡ
ǳɹǰ磬ڿ֮⾳һ;Ҳǳ·ˣ֮󣬱ơ
ǰ磬˵ֻǸһּ󣬴ӶԻˣ˵ֻǶԵһ־ϵԻ󡣡
֮ľ磬Ǹһ־Ϻϵ˫Իνƣ
ƣ
ŷüͷ΢΢壬˵սʼ֮ϵĶһֱǱȽϳģҪ⣬ɲ̫ס
裬ǵõĺôҲ벻ġ
ʽɿҲɽһϣ纣ˮ಻س
Ѹ籪Ҳһơ
֮ƣΪ֮ƣ޼᲻ݣľϢϢˮ಻
ϣɹ˿أ޷ֻ࣬ء
֮ƣȻɲ⣡
սʼ֮ϵļأŷҲǲ𺳣û뵽ԭνơ
ŷʢǵʱ򣬺ǽֺ˽ֵʱ򣬶ԷĽ֮ͬһ㡣
ϸϸԷĽȻ㲻ƣҲԶһԷ˷֮ƣǽȻǧٱıǡ
ֻ¾ǹŷϣҲȻ֣֮˵û֮Σ
뵽ŷҲǻԼ֮ƣս¾ҪˣǸʱ򣬿¾һЩʵԵ͵Ԫǿߣ¶Ķ֡
ŷҲûб֮ǿͷԣǰ磬ѾǸоΪĳҪ֮ƣ¸ǧѡ
ȻˣȻѣҲ޷õùŷȴ쳣ִ֮ˣ֮ʱ򣬾ѾǸҴӦ׵ȥֹħҪ˵ֻ֮ˡ
뵽ŷּĿսʼǺĽܡ
ƣһƣ飬ƣԣҪ֮ƣ֮䣬ٺòˡ
֮󣬱ˣҲǳ֮Ϊ򣬲ǿеֶΣ֮£ͬǿԸ򡣡
֮Уף֮ǰǣ򡣡
ظԴˣҲؼΪĴڣ꣬Ԫ֮ƾһ򣬴˺պΪս
֮󣬱Ƕĸ򣬴ߣ޷ڣֻƾԼ򣬵ʼǵ˼һϣĪҪ֮ммǡ
սʼҲǱŷȫķˣŷԼҲǳ˿սһĸǼ¼ڴˣȻδȷ򷽷ǶԹŷİȴǼġ
ããҹɫУȻһյƣ˷һ㣬Ȼûиָ·ȴԿ·
ĬĬĶսһлŷҲʰ飬սʼպãʼԺ֮зҵϢ
ͨսʼǺķģŷԼδҪߵĵ·ҲһȽȷĹ滮ǾǸ֮ƣȻ
ͨղսʼ֮еĻŷȻδУȴҲĵ֮Ƶˡ
С󣬹ŷ緽ٶ˫ۣһ˫֮УѾٶȻָƽ
սʼѾǷˣǸûʱˡ
ŷһ䣬ȥ


112 
ӺԶ֮󣬹ŷ粢δֱӻСݣתƷ似ȥ
սʼ֮󣬹ŷѾǶ֮֮;һȽȷĹ滮Ǿǲ֮ơ
ֻŷ籾ԣΪϡٵԣԣûһֱ̫۵ʶԣŷ뵽һǾǽԵ似Ӷ֮ơ
ҪѰԵ似似ǹŷҪȥĵطˡ
Ʒ壬Ϊŵ壬似е似֮ŵļɽ似е似Ʒʣϣž޴ơ
һܣһ似Ŀǹŷ磬ǿۻҡ
Щ෱似ǰŷȴΪֱͣ似ȥ
ΪŷԼ似Уͨѧ֮⣬ֲǵǽΪԵԵʣһֱߵĸ·ߣɱ¾⣬Ҫõȥ֮ƣȻвͨģԣȻȻģԶıŷˡ
Ȼ񲢲ǹŷǿģڿ֮⾳ǰʱһֱý򣬴ʱýȥ֮ƣҲʺϲ
ȻŷĿ궨˽似֮ϣ似Уǽ似Ҳʤ֮ࡣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ŷĿٵһŵ似֮ɨƬ֮ͽĿƷ似֮ϡ
Ʒ׵似Ʒ似ĵȼ㲻ϸߣҲ̫ͣһȲЩ߼似˷ʱ䣬ֲЩͼ似ڲ֮û̫İ
ϾŷڵͨѧȻĻͨľƷ似˵Ҳû̫İ
ͨѧЩƷ׽ϸߵţڲ֮ܣοˡ
ͨ似Ϊȼ̫ߣ˷ʱ䣬Ͼŷ֮ѡ񽣷Ϊ˲֮Ϊսġ
˴ʱ䣬ŷǳɹѡ屾似ظһ򵥵ĵǼ֮ŷԼס
Ȼսʼ֮˵֮֮òԹŷĿǰ˵ȻЩ̫ʵʵġ
Ͼڣвµʱ䣬ɾҪʽˣŷǴ㣬ҲҪȥմأ
ŷһѡ屾似Уľˮһ֣˵ҲǱϵϸߣȻĻֻظϲô׵ľһԴ屾似ˡ
֪̰ãһЩ򵥵ĶһҲѧ˶٣Ҫ˵似ֶˣŷ絹ãֱһѡ屾ǰûй
صԼס֮󣬹ŷ΢΢һԼ˼Ȼǿʼһ似
ŷѡĵһ似ΪսⱾ似һŽԵ似Ȼ˵Ҳǲǻѵľɹ֮ǿɶҪۿ۵ģֻʮһ
ҲΪʲôһû˻ѡԼԲͬ似ԭˣϾֳֺõ飬ûжԸ
Źŷ粻ϵķ鼮ģڽսҲһŵ˽⡣
սƷ似Ըƣʽչ䣬󿪴ϣޱȣԵԣֵչ¶š
ŷĽսȫһ飬ź鼮ȻƵľֳСԺ֮С
սʽֱһǰ˺ѵءǴЩʽϣܹսˡ
СԺ֮Уŷ΢΢ĿԺ֮лսʽʽȷû˿©֮˫Ŀٶ
һ̣εչǿʼսսҪ󣬿ʼһһ
һʽֱ
˫Ŀ֮һĨⱬŷһһĨǳֱӶ
ৡ
Ľ⣬һֱ֮޲˺Ѷ쳣
ۡ
ĨǺݺݵû˵֮УһС
ڶʽ
һй󣬹ŷ粢ͣ٣Ӽ䣬һĨһ㣬ֱʡ
ʽһǰ
ǰгɹʩչŷһһǰҲʩչŹŷһеʩչһһǰƣڶ𣬽䣬ܹƿһƵģ
ǰʽʩչŷƣްθߣһ㣬һµİĶ
ʽ˺ѵأ
Ŀ⾫⣬տףŷеľֳһܹ˺صľһ㣬񲻿ɵâ¶
һŭն£һʵһ㣬ݺݵն˵֮ϡ
䡭
Ƶ죬СԺ֮쳹𣬻ҳһ׶೤ѷ죬ڹŷ¸ֶѷ֮Уƻģһ˿â֮ϡ


113 콵
ǽԵ𣿹ȻԹưƣҲȷǲʢ
һ׽սȫʩչһ飬ŷҲǻͣΣŽһ޴ѷ죬һ˿𺳡
ոʩչսʱ򣬲ûжκεܹ֮ǰƣҲȫǽ¡
뵽ŷжһ˿ЦǽԵ֮ڣһǰ
ŷȻǽԣǸղʩչսʱҲǸܵһ˿еƣƣԲͬԣڹȻȽԻҪǿ࣬УȴǴһ˿ܡ
۽ԣֻΪ򵥵ķһǰ
󣬹ŷҡҡͷֻ̾ȻܸܵԵڣҲܼôһ˿Ҳһ˿Ե֮ڣźԶһξ밡
ͷЦһŷҲ֪ƣǱ֮⾳Ҫ߳һȼĴڣҪ򣬿϶ǧѵġ
ϾŷҲ֪ԼȻ֪ԶˣٶżƣҪĸɾ˿ȱǿˡ
ֻҪڼϰԵĽ似Ҳȫ֮ƣҲ϶ܹջ񣬵ʱҪ֮ƣҲӵһЩ
еȭͷ΢΢˽ŷһ뷨
ˣŷٶϢƬ̣Ժ֮УڶԽԵĸȫһ֮󣬱˾ֳʼ˽ս
֮ƣŷڱصõģϾҪ赲ħҪڴĸףҪǿʵ֧š
֮ƣսΪƳ磬Դ˻սĳƺţɼ֮ƵܣҲȷͬһˡ
Ժ֮УӰŲһ⣬ӰвӶЯƥ֮ն֮Уÿ𵴡
һʽʽ
һʽʽ
ŷвϵظŽսʽʽչԽˮ޼϶
ŹŷڽսʩչԽԽ죬֮Яŵķ֮⣬ҲԽŨˡ
Ǵʱվڹŷǰ㲻սҲĸܵͬʵһķâ֮⡣
ʱ䣬ڹŷ粻ϵս֮£ٵţգ֮䣬Ѿٶȹȥ˰֮á
ʱ䵱Уŷǽ󲿷ֵʱ֮УŹŷ㲻߲ݵǾ黹Ƕգٶһߡ
ʮײϵУŷѾܹײƳɹ˳ɼЩӴ֣һܹȵϡ
ֻΨһһвľǣһĸ飬ŷ絽ûгɹһζûУҲõùŷУһ˿ɥ
ȻˣȻûгɹǴӶʧܵĽѵУŷҲܽ˲ٵľ飬ԼĲ²⣬ֻҪȥһ죬ܳɹһ
˵ŷ罫󲿷ֵʱ䶼ǳУǶڽսŷҲûһ£ÿܻһЩʱ䣬ȥս
ҾµĿܽᣬŷνĽԵƣҲǽһ˿ȻδȫץסҲֻʱˡ
ŹŷڽսĲѾ˵ȫգֻԵĽŷȻû˿ҪĴ㡣
չŷԼĻ˵ǾǷҪһһڵĳԣҪһһĳ֮ƣҲҪһһ
ԣûһ˿Ե֮ǰŷǲԵĽģֻӵңһš
ৡ
һնգŷ粻ƶΣҲǿʼͣһ˿Ц⣬Ц²ϵϰսҶԽԵƣҲѾһ˽⣬Ҫ˶ãһ˿
Ǹʱ򣬾ͿԿʼڶˣչȥҪ˶ãҾ֮ܽƸȫգȻÿֶֻһ˿Ԫ֮£ӦҲ㹻ʹˡ
ŷ粢ûкøԶһӾͽ֮ƸȫգǴÿֻһ˿һĻͬϣҸĵֻҪɹİǶ֮ƵĲֻԽԽ˳
΢΢ҡҡͷŷʱ֮׳⣬Ͼ֮ƣһǳķʱ飬ܻһ͵ġ
£Ȼһ飬ӵġ
Ѿǹȥһˣֻ¾żʱ䣬Ҳ쵽ˣҲ֪ݣ᲻˶ң
ŷ̾һڣϹʱڶΪǿţŵż㲻룬Ҳ֪Ȼǻǿˣֻϴ½ǿߣ۶ɣ
˶ǿߣ۵һССݣҪң¶ѣϾ߶ǻƢһԲϱֵʵ̫ˡ
֮£ݵıҲѲ˸ϵ
¡¡
ڹŷ뷨ʱȻо涼ǿʼҵĲһǵص׳˯ľһ㣬һ쳹ʵĳ졣
һ޴ʹĻֱʣƲʶһ㣬ࡢ졢ס̣ɫʣӫתɷǺÿ
ǡ
ŷһæ̧ͷʹĻȥֻʹĻ֮УһƬ޴Ĺһ㣬ڰ֮Уʱʱ֣С
ڵżˣ
龰ŷһ˿


114 ƻ
ʹĻһ˲䣬ϴ½ˣӦ׷׽Ŀ⣬Ͷ䵽ʹĻ֮ϣ֮Уеľϲе̰еķ
һ̣һӰǳ𣬷۵糸һ㣬ʹĻķӶȥһɫģȫԪǿߡ
һЩûдﵽԪ֮߻ҲǱ˿ٵĳʹĻķȥ
һʱ֮䣬ϴ½ӿƻۡ
ȻڵżȻܹ˵󣡡
ŷ翴ǷʴµʹĻĿ֮УҲһ˿ʸ֣ģȴΪ֮ľ
ʧѾǧ꣬˾Զʱ䣬һʯҲɻҽˣڣһżȡ
ǶԷڶʢʱڣֽǺεȵһַأŷ޷Ҳ
ˡ
ڹŷип֮ʣڣҲһ޴֮쳹˲䴫˵Ķ֮С
ҲҪжˣ
ŷһҲɣֱչΣӳСԺƷ֮ȥ
ŷƷ֮ʱǿĴ֮УѾŲӰվе٣еĲϣһͬǾЩˣɫ£ء
û뵽һڳȻеĳ϶ˡ
ŷĿЩϵӰһһɨаһЩϵӰȻڵһڳϡ
ף
ڹŷɨһλʱԷƺҲĿͬͶ˹ŷϣһ˿Ī֮⡣
λۣɫɿݣƤݵ˫֮УâֶȻֻһţȴɸһ类̵ĸо
λϣƺЩʲôڰ
еɫŷüͷ΢΢һ壬˵Žûм죬Щϣһûмôܻйأ
ŷ˼⣬㲻ȥ֮ʣһ֣ȴǶȻԺֶ֮Ԫ죡
ѵλϾĸףԪ죿
뵽ŷҲǰ˵ͷϾйڵģҲֻĸԪˡ
ᵽŷҲ΢΢ҡҡͷԹֻΪһС£ٰѣԹŷӣᡣ
ֻǣǰֵɽУһο֮󣬹ŷҲûмԷΪҪͷȥˡ
ڿȻôˣȻĻԪҲΪˣͶԹŷĽˣ
ЦһŷƿĿ⣬ö룬ڵĳУҲŵĴϣԪ֮ʵϣߵҲ鵤ڴԲһЩ͵ãֻ鵤֮
Ԫ죬Ҳ鵤ڴԲѣԹŷʵûо¶Էĵ
Է鷳ãˣŷҲԷһѵ
ȻԷųϣŷֻһӣڹŷУɲǲǳϣֻҪ鷳ģǾͲ顣
ŷ粢ûзֵǣƿĿһ˲䣬ߵУȻһ˿ɱӳܿģʧ
ৡ
ڹŷŴ֮еʱһƷ֮Ȼ쳹һӰͻȻ˴λ֮ϣһƷ֮쳹ŷ绹ΪԷƾճֵأ
ڵôʵȻɲⰡ
ǳλ֮ϵߣŷȴǰľԷղŵٶȣûп˿ĶߣʵҲֻɲݡ
ʦ֣ʦ壩
ڻһ˲䣬֮е೤Լŵӣ΢΢һ
ˣһνдԭҲ֪ǹż顣
߰˰֣û˵񣬶ֱӽ⣬˵
ǲ֪ʦкδ㣿ʱһλǰŵĳϣǰ̤һʵ
˴żؽϴ½ֻ£ϴ½İڣǰһЩɽ֮еϹ϶Ҳ׷ͻƵ
˵΢΢˶٣ŵԣȻһɶõĻͬģҲһΣԱҵʦ֣ҲŵĴϴӣѡʮžӢӸ档
λϱͱһڣԱӦͻ״
ǣʦ֣
˰ţЩ϶ʱӦǡ
š
΢΢˵ͷЦȻˣʮӢӣѡǱǰʮĵӰɣ
ҲǿǰѰԼĻԵȴ޹ء
˵΢΢˰֣ˣ£Ӷ°ɣ
ǣӸˣ
߻£һŵӱǹˣ׷г˴ʼգûһ˸κ飬ɴҲԿеˡ


115 ǰ
ڶŵг֮󣬱Ƿ׷ȥɫ֮䣬һ˿غڴȻЩһǴȥڵżһ⡣
Ȼˣǹŷ磬ҲϾΪϹʱڵĴţö϶٣һǿȻûзŹĵ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷҲǴȥ׼һȻת˲䣬һЦ֮Ȼ
ǹŷʦܰɣ
£һɫۣһ꣬˹ŷߣЦӯӯĿŹŷ硣
ǣ
ǰ꣬ŷüͷ΢壬֮Уһ˿䱸ΪոսŵԵʣЩŵӣһ˿ġ
ϾЩһǿûнŵʱ򣬾ѾҪսˣȻڹ㳡֮ϣɣģһЩĻ졣
ǺǣŷʦţҽĪԪ˴ǰڵżΣĪ⣬Ҫ͹ŷʦӣʱҲûиӦ
ǿ˹ŷеľ裬ЦҡҡͷЩ˵
Ŷ
ĪԪŷȻ֪һǱеˣҵڹ㳡֮ϣɵսƺĪԪء
һ˿ɫŷ绺صĪԪʦҲǱǰʮĵӣŴϴΪλҪӣ
ŷʦܣ֪ܲڵżǿ߲֪μŴϴӣʱֻҲɢضԮҲŴӡ
˵ĪԪ΢΢˶٣ŵңŷʦոţ֪ǱǰʮЩһǺϵĲĻҲӦ˽½Լ
ңΪ·ԲԸΪ飬뵽㡣
ԭˣ
ŷһ˿ȻûлĪԪеʵԣϾЩ̫֤ˣֻҪһŵӣܹ
ĪԪЩǾͲǹŷɵĪԪɵˡ
ҴĪԪĻУŷҲڹ㳡֮ϣɵսҲΪĻĪԪǲ˵߶ѡ
뵽ŷ絹ǾĪԪΪ˻㲻ȻĻǻˣ첻ϣ㲻ˣҲͼӴ׵ŷ硣
һˣŷҲɣͷЦˣͶлĪԪʦֵĿˡ
Ȼˣŷ֮ԺĪԪӣҲȫΪĪԪΪˣҲȷҪһЩĪԪǱϵʵȻҲ̫͡
ŷͬ⣬ĪԪҲĵ˿ִ꣬һֱǲ£Ҳˣ˵ĹϵԽĽӲ
ƽʱĪԪҲ죬Ǵ˴Ը񣬶Ȼִȵǣǿ޶ûеطˡ
뵽ĪԪҲЦЦŷʦﻰʵңҲûбʤİա
ŷЦЦûж˵ʲôĪԪˣҲ϶һ𲢼ߣ
ߣĪԪȻϹŷ磬ĪΪƾŷһ֪ߵغˣͿԺҿ˰ɣ
ŷĪԪһǲԶ죬۾ʱ΢΢һУһ˿âŭһ
ٺ٣ĪԪһֱʦභÿһζԳԿ֣һΣҲȻʦĶ֡
ɫЩѿһɫ۵꣬ʱźۼһƨһЦݿĵ
ĻüͷȴǷ壬ҡҡͷûж˵ʲôת֮ȥ
ǱϵȻĪԪ΢һЩҲֻԼ֪ʵʵֻڲ֮䣬Ǳս˭ʤ˭˵á
˵ǱǰʮŵӣŴ붼վߣȴ֪Щһûһʡ͵ĵƣֻǰʵˣǵʱĶĪԪֻЩһ֮͵ĪԪǱߡ
ңΪɵģɲĪԪǹŷ磡
ڹŷ磬Ȼһֱ˵УȴΪļɵŷ磬Ͼŷǵõ󱮵Ͽɡ
ǵãռ֮вʱ򣬰ٰҪõ󱮵ϿɣգȴҲ·
󱮾ȻϹŷΪǾ˵ŷ綨ȻһЩ֪ܡ
δ֪ĶΪ˿־壬ڹŷ磬Ȼˡ
ŷĪԪˣһЩϸ֮Ƿֵ𣬸ԻصԼסʼ׼ˡ
ŷҪ׼ĶһЩˮ֮⣬ǶսĶˣڵż֮УȻ˶ǿߣôΪٲ˵ģ϶սˡ
ֻҪսͻˣôһЩڻָƵĵҩǲɻȱˡ
ȻˣһЩָĵҩҲͬ൱Ҫԣ׼˸ˮ֮󣬹ŷǼææܵƷҩãʼѹ˵ҩ
ҩã似һֻҩ֮зŵǵҩЩҩҲúͻѻֻʯһ
ŷĻûж٣Ҳҵӣ⻹ŵʱ򣬺ͺԶȥɱǻ˵õĽ
ȫĻֻ꣬ŷҲֻǶһŻ󣬹ŷǴһӣʯٶȶһ˼ʮŻһЩаĵҩ
ڣЩҩرĸ߼ҲǺܹ󣬲ȻĻԹŷǵҲһźһĵҩ
ЩŷԼĴһЦĳŹƷȥ
ΪŴϴӣǼϵĵص㣬ҲǶ˹Ʒϡ
ŷϵƷʱǾǱǰʮŵӣҲѾ
УΪ׵һŰ£һɫǹ꣬ȴõùŷ̲סĶ࿴ۡ
꣬ȻǱڶʵϵĺĴӣ졣
ŷȻδʹйǴĪԪ̸ԲöԸȻĻҲܽǱǰŵӣ£һˡ
ϾܹǱǰļһĸʡ͵ĵƣԸ£Էܹˣ󣬶Ȼ򵥡
ˣȻ˶ˣҲóˣֻһ㽻ǵģǾǾҪ£Ͼ˴ǿڶ࣬ңҲֻΪ׵Ĵڡ
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򵥵Ľһ䣬ϴһӣǴŹŷˣȥ


116 Ԫת
˴Σż֮أΪƳǣֻһͨУȲϹżҵĹأ
ƳǾڣҲһξ룬ǻͨĻֻҲðµʱܵ
ڣŷ˽ʵǿչ䣬֪֮Ҫ϶٣ԣֻʱ䣬ŷʹһˣƳǡ
ƳУŷ缸˲δֱͣǳʹĻķ˹ȥϾĻѾ죬żѾĻǿɾͺջˡ
ŷǹĻ֮غѾɽ˺ۼӰͷʶ䣬ͬһƬһ㣬ֱ֮ʡ
Ȼôˣ
ŷ翴Ӱ֮ͫҲһ˿أȻ֪żǿߣǵʱǸоЩ𺳡
ǹŷ磬ĪԪˣһأϾЩˣȽż֮󣬿ɾȫǵˡ
Ҫż֮ջ񣬻治һ׵鰡
пЦһŷ簵̾Ͼż֮ŲٺöҲôڰɣ
ৡৡ
ڹŷ֮̾ʣʶȻٶżƷ֮쳹󣬼Ӱͬһӹʣ˹ŷ˵ͷ֮ϣվ
ŷüͷ֮ϵļӰ֮еɫԽ˼֣ЩһɶǻʵԪǿ߰
ңЩԪǿ߻в٣ŷԵһ£ϸոյ⼸֮ѾϰٵӰն
ң⻹˺֮еԪǿߣִͬŵǰԪǿߣ϶Ҳ
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ʱк˹ŷ缸һǴǣһ΢Щɽ֮ȥ
ŷ˳ֵɽ£ȻʹĻ΢ԶһЩ̫࣬ǲԵӵ
һۣԭżĿ
ڵżȻѾȴʹĻţʱʱ֣УҲûʲô·һǿȻżҲҶֻǿͷļ꣬ȴ
ŷʦܣ˴ǰԪǿڶ࣬˵һЩϹڣǿɽһЩԪתĴڣǿɵСİ
֮ĪԪǴյ˹ŷߣһصĵ
Ԫת
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬Ԫ֮ʵ֣ŷ粢رϾǿߣǴûнӴ
ǺǣŷʦܣĪԪǿߵĵȼ֪ɣ
ŷɫĪԪʱЩĿ˹ŷһۣ͵Ԫ֮ûгں֣֮ԪоŸȼҲΪԪת
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ĪԪ΢΢˶٣ŵŷʦܣɲҪΪԪ֮Ԫתǿ߾ġ
Ŷѵ𣿡
ŷЩʵԪתѾǴԪ֮۷ˣ֮ϣǿ˰ɣ
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ৡ
ڹŷ˵ĵȴ֮£һӰԴԴϵĳԶӶãã˺֮С
쿴ڵˣ
ڹŷЩ˯֮ʣһ֮ȻõùŷԴΪ֮һ壬æ̧ͷʿȥ
ǹŷ磬еˣǽĿͶ䵽֮ϣȻϴ½İǽżֺ档
ֻڶĿĻ֮һͷ;޴˼ٶĺ֮ϣվӰ
ӰһŮΪ׵ӣԼʮ꣬ɫۣһſ֮ϣɫȻ
һһŮȲμ䣬һ˿İȻ֮ɫ֡
ڣϴ½İţȻħܹոΪ
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ǰ˵ȥѾԪתʵˣʱȥһ꣬ʵӵˡ
ǰŵٮٮߣᣬʵ
Ⱥ֮У˿Ϊ֮˵֮ʱʱһ̾һЩڰеϹԷĿУһ˿ɵ
Ͼܹڵ֮һǾƨ룬Ҳ֪ҶȻʡ͵ĵˣҪǣԷŶٹĻ˭Ƕ֣
Ҷô
ŷͬǽĶΪ׵꣬ڵ֮Уȴһ˿ɫ֣ͱ˲ͬǣŷȴһ˿ʤ֮ġ


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Ҷû뵽λȵһ
ʱʶȻһЦ˵߿ȥֻһ⣬ͬһ㼤գ֮䣬ѾǳͷϿա
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ﴫһЦһѾǳҶͷ֮ϣƶȻ£񱩵ۼ䣬һ޴Ľɫǰֶ

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ԼΪ˽ΪѾ˼òײŵõһĵãԼо
ٿԷ㶼˼ķҲõùŷЩŵĵӣʼһЩۡ
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Ľǣҿɲ򣡡
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˵ʲôҲģ
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ȻˣСŮҲͲǿˣؾ֮ɽʦ֣ɽʦܹ鰡
ĽЦ˵һ䣬ǲɽһ˫ĿʹĻ֮ϣĵȴż
ħŮ
Ľǲ˵ɽǳ˿аһ
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ʵҲ޹ֹŷϾǰɽҶ£һĽǣèһ㡣
תһ룬ŷȴ־òԣĽļΪҶ죬ҲӦþ²ǣǴʱ˵ϣһ˿ޣûı顣
Ǻǣһｵһأ
˼޹֮󣬹ŷУһ˿뷨
ˡ
ڹŷ˼֮ʣʹĻ֮ϣȴǶȻһһѷ죬ʹĻ֮ѿ¶ĳ
żˣ
龰Ⱥ֮Уʱһϲ쳹𣬶˺׵ķ


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ȻѾȥǧ֮ãһǸԶһۣɹŷȴܹоһɰǹ֮ϴݶ
ŷ֪һǿţջ۶γɵơ
尡
ɧҵȺ֮УһЩӼļһҲ಻סųŻԾ˽ȥʧããĿռ֮С
ৡ
󣬷Ӧһ㣬һӰӶͶŻ֮Уͬ½Ƶġ
һǣЩӰڽŻ֮Уʧˣͬƾʧһ㣬Ϊ档
ǴҪСģ֮У϶ĻؽƣһЩϹħ޴ڣһСģͻᶪ
Ͻŷ缸˾ǰĶĵ
ף
ŷ缸һ࣬ĵ˵ͷ֮ϣһ˿ظ֡
ңŷ缸Ҳף棬ΣյģɲЩɽޣǺһߣɱ˶ᱦ̫ˣûЩǲŲأ
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΢΢˵ͷһӣŹŷ缸ˣ˳Ż֮Ծ˽ȥʧãã˺֮С
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ˡ
ڳ۽ȥ֮󲻾ã½½ҲŲӰȥԼʱ֮ʹĻγɵŻȻһǿʼٵգ֮䣬ٶγһƬʹĻ

淢һУŷ粢֪֪ˣҲûᣬΪʱʮͷħޣݺݵضš
ңЩħ޵ĵȼɶһɫ׺۷壬ǿ൱ʮλ鵤ڴԲĸְ
οЩħϹħޣս֮Ѱ׺ħޣҪǿϼ֡
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ŷаһĿܻһȦиһΪʮͷħ֮⣬Ҳû˱Ӱ
ղţڹŷһŻʱ򣬱ǸоԴ΢΢һΣʱѾǳ
ϵ˵ӰȴѾʧŷ֪϶͵ĹܣڰʹǸֿˡ
𡭡
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱʮͷħޣѾŭţŹŷ˹һɲбѪɷħӿƬ
ЩħޣϹħްȻŨɷ
޿ײɷŷ۾Ҳ΢΢УǻͨħޣȻͬһɷȴȻŨ
ʱŷȴ΢΢˿Ϊɱ¾ɲЩνɷ


120 
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ŷĿ⣬ﱬȳа񳤽˲ʣǵȵһͷħӭȥ
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ৡ
ŷ粻ܣгһӣսĵһʽֱʩչһƥĽһݺݵĳŻŭնȥ
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ź˵ʨħޣŷ۾Ҳ΢΢Уȴǲɵһ
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͡
ڹŷΪЩħ޵Ѳе̾ʱҲٶƷ֮
ŷвҴ⣬ӰæȫһĲӰʮͷħΧ£ͬһһ
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ʵǶ㲻ȥģǾͻӳһ⣬ն顣
ȥаȻκҲãҲκβǣʱһãұضݽߣʱ򣬿ɾΣˡ
ٶƬ̣ŷǷ֣ڵѾ˺ܴһ֣Ҫ˶ãͻߡ
Ǹʱ򣬿ɾĳЩħ޵ĸʳˡ
뵽ŷƶٶҲǽ񲻶ĴɨӣϣܹѰһܵķ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬ŷĿһһ˿⡣
ֻڹŷĿ֮һ̫֣Ǹ֣ԼףҪǣҲֻһͷħͨ
ǶǸ֮УһҲֻһͷħˣһȻû̫ѹ
뵽ŷû˿ɵģӰʩչ˼ޣһĲӰȥ
𡭡
ȻõùŷƵǣ˲䣬һŻǷݺݵس˹

ŷͷŭһȴò۷أȻĻӽ֣ҲضᱻУЩħ޵ʵضˡ
ǻƽʱֻҪܹգǾһЩҲ޷ڵż֮Уŷȴǲ
ֻһܹѣҲᱻ˸еͷʣ
ٶħ޵İΧ֮УŷӭģȴǸҵĹȻŷͼܵľٶѾǼŭЩħޡ
Ǹ󱮣ҳ
ͷһŷҲ˲һͺȣǽ󱮸ٻ˳
ڵż֮Уŷǲ㶯󱮵ģϾȻ㲻һǶѰ˵һɶõ
ǱһЩԪ֮ǿ߼ⲻɱ˶ᱦͷ
ֻҲֻܶˣȻĻֻһضȥ
ˡ
ŹŷٻһɴСĹʱͷ𣬲֮䣬ɢһɹϻ֮⣬ڴͬʱһɿֲĲҲĹ֮ϻɢ
໡
ͻȻıʣõЩħҲǸеһ˿׷׵Ĵ֮䣬Խ˼֡
ѹ
ﴫһȣŷ͵ؽһӡᣬӡı䶯ͷľ޴󱮣ҲǳЩħ޺ݺݵѹ
ڣߡ
һ󱮺˹ȥŷȴǶȻһӰһͬһĴ˳ȥ֮С
䡭
ڹŷոֵ˲䣬ɿһ޴죬Ǵݶõùŷɫ˲԰
һ̣һڹ⵹أһǹ⣬˹ŷڡ
һαصһѷ죬ҲǼ࣬ڵż֮󣬾͵ץʱϰ֮ˣȻĻڼأ󱮶ˡ
ŷпЦһһ˿뷨һڹżҵʱ󱮾ͱصֺĳѷ죬ʱûô⣬һãŷ֣󱮵Ǽࡣ
ȻĻ޷ѹʮͷħޣҲԲᱻô׵ľ͸
ڣ󱮵Ķݵֵǳɹӽ֮УһΣգҲͽ˺ܶࡣ
һһͷħޣŷ绹൱ŵģ޷ԷնɱǶԷҲκ


121 һ˿֮
໡
ŷɹѣЩħ޶ʱŭɷڼ䣬ҲԽǿ˼֣ǱǴЩӴٶȳŹŷΧ£˹
ֻΪֵĵƣȴֻһͷħޣЩħޣֻվ棬ŹŷŭһĹΧϣȴֻܴһҳ
û뵽ż֮еأ˼Ӳ
ŷ֪һĻʱ־ϲ̲סľ̾һЩģܲסħ޵Ĺ̮ڿĵĶˡ
һͬʱŷҲǽĿ⣬Ψһһӵħϣ䣬һ˿⡣
󣬹ŷгӶսʼвϵʩչ˳Ӽ䣬Ӵħֶȥ
ৡ
һһĽ⣬ͬΪıһ㣬Թŷбâ֮Ҫʵһ㣬ľ
ڰĲϰĹŷ磬ڽսѾǼΪ죬ҶڽԵԣҲһǳ̵⡣
ԼĲ룬ֻҪԼٽһܳɹһ˿֮ơ
𡭡
֮еħޣ׾޴ͷ­ĸţͷһ㣬һ˫ͭСۣǲбĹâ
ʱͷħΪط̫СͲƶֻܱĽ¹ŷһһĽ⡣
ȻЩһʱκãһЩʹȴⲻ˵ģֻõͷħŭ˫Ŀ֮еĲб֮ɫԽŨ
쳣ħޣŷȴʹֽ࣬ʽʽвϵʩչһâ֮ħӶȥ
һһأһһޱ֮£ʱҲǿٵţգ֮䣬Ѿǹȥ˰Сʱʱ䡣
˴ʱħѾǾƣߣ֮УǴһ˿˻ƣȴȴħĶţֻûȽϴֲڵĺƤֵŷһĹ
۹ŷ磬ǡ෴ʱʩչûг˿ƣ̬õӣĿ
⵹ǹŷԽսԽ£Ϊ֣ʩΪڽԵ˽⣬һּΪݵٶȣϵš
һ룬һ˿֮һ㡣

ŷֱӶһ⼤Ȼӳȥ˲䣬ŷ粻ϻӶֱۣȴǶȻͣһ˫۾Ķǵ⡣
Źŷ߿ȥֻոջӳǵ⣬һͨĽû˿Ĳ
ϸϸܵĻͻ֣ᷢ⣬ֺͨżĲ
ǽ⣬ѾһĽ⣬⣬ȴǴһ˿ͷơ
Ǵһ˿ͷƣƣǽⲻǽ⣬һִƣ֮ơ
⡭ǽ֮𣿡
ŷǵ⣬ͬ޲һ̣һɿϲ˲ͷû뵽ֻǶݵһʱ䣬Ѿõɹһ˿֮ơ
Ȼֻһ˿ɲ֪żĲ࣬ǾˣҲõùŷ쳣ĸˡ
˽֮ƣսֻᱩһ֣ҲһŵƣڳΣյż֮УһϢ
͡
ڹŷԺУЩ뷨ʱĨ⣬ҲǺݺݵնħ޵Ƥ֮ϡ
ͬǣһεĽħʱûбԷĺƤֵ£ǰһ죬ֱƿ˶ԷƤƤ֮С
໡໡
ƤѪ䣬ҵʹֱõͷħ˻ߵŭһ˫ͭСײ˫ĿڿŷʱҲǳһ˿־塣
սǰƳ֮ưȻҽֻһ˿֮ƣȴȻʮֹ治֪ȫ֮ƣսֵز
ŷ翴һ֮£ƤħޣҲ΢΢һ˫ĿǶȻ
ٺ٣ͺúдд㣡
ŷЦһһ˿⣬ֱۿʼٶȻӶսٶʩչ
һΣŹŷɹһ˿֮ƣսҲǳ׵չ¶˳֮䣬ռ䶼ܹһ㣬һ쳣ķâ֮Ҳڳлɢ˿
͡
Źŷ粻ϵʩչսͷħϵ˿ڣҲǲϵ࣬Ƭ֮䣬ѾŲ°ٵɼǵľ޴˿ڡ
ϵ˿ڲ࣬ɺ̱ǵѪҺҲͬȪһӿȾ˴Ƭء
ߣ
ʱŷ綸Ȼһȣ͵رͬһȰ㣬˲ͳͷħǰ
󣬹ŷֱһӣһ֮Ľ⣬Ӷû˶Էĺ֮С
͡
һ쳹ǲħޣͣ󳹵׵ûϢˣħҲûе£Ϊֵ߸סˡ

һͷħޣŷҲǳ˿ô˵Էһͷ൱鵤ڴԲֵħޣΪط̫Сħ޵Ļ¹ŷ˽֮ƣҪɱҲûס
ҡҡͷϵѪŷԭʼָѾĵʣ޼
Ȼնɱһͷħޣŷûˣ滹ʮͷħޣڻĶأ


122 
ΪͷѾȥħ޶סֵڣħޣͽ棬һŷҲܹĵĻָѾĵ߰˰˵
ŷһСʱٶ˫۵ʱϵƣ֮ɫѾʧһգȡ֮ݹ
û뵽һۣͣͲǰȻǻЩȻ࣬ȴҳɹͻƿˡ
΢΢һĨȣŷ̲סЦһ
ڹҴս֮ǰŷѾͻƵ˾֮Ǵ֮ͬƿһ㣬¹ȥˣû˿
ŷΪһֱǰѾ˸֮棬ԶʵҲû̫⡣
ֻû뵽쾭ħ޵һĴսõҲڹŷ˵һ֮ϲ
󣬹ŷɫǴ˵Ȼʺͻƣһ֮ˣҪģȽЩѲļһѣ¡
д⣬ŷҲɣֱǷ𣬷һԾǴͷħ޵ӹ漱ܶȥ
໡໡
ڹŷһ˲䣬ʮͷħޱǽŭ׷׵ͷŹŷ׷ȥ
Щһģ
׷һͷûмٵħޣŷУҲ̲סİһȴ˿ĳɣֱǽӰȫ۵糸һ㳯ǰ漱Ӷȥ
ΪոѾǽȫָʱ򣬹ŷҲû˿ĵģϵĽһɹɵע˫֮ϡ
ŹŷĹעٶȣҲǶȻٶһĲӰǰ漱ٷɱ
һʱ֮䣬ŷһǰӣʮͷħں׷ڵż֮УһΪʵ׷Ϸ
ŷ罫ٶȷӵ˼£һ֮£ܹܳɵľ룬ЩħޣٶͬǲģǱ֮ŷ磬Ҫһ˿
գ֮䣬ʮӰѾӳʮľ룬ֻ˴ʱŷȴûмһӰ
չŷ뷨ǣֻҪһЩӰһˮñЩħ޵עԼܡ
ȻЩ̫£ż֮Уе˶ǾϵԹŷ絹Ҳûʲô
һ·ۣȴûмһӰҸЩħޣһֻٶȣźľ룬õùŷУ̲ס΢΢һ
Ͼչȥħ׷ϣֻʱ飬Ǹʱֻħ޵Χ֮С
˵˽֮ƣڹϣ˼ߣʮͷħΧû̫İա
ңܽЩħȫնɱҲضߣʱٴܳͷħޣһЩߣɾСˡ
ǣܰЩħ޷ֿƣһϢʱ䣬ҲõıħΧߡ
Ҳֻˡ
뵽ŷЦһһתһתȥ
ոһ·֮УŷǷ֣ǱһƬ̫С֣ǵԽЩħ޷ֿҲơ
ֻһҲͻŸΣգϾ֮һЩħ޵Ļɾ·ˡ
һ·ۣŷ罫֪ȫ֮ѾǴƬ֮Уõùŷ˿ǣĸ֪ɨ֮£ûзħޡ
ãûбҡ
΢΢˿ͬʱŷҲǺͣ٣ֱ֮߹հ䣬գ֮䣬ѾʧһħС
𡭡
ŷգ֮ʧЩ׷ħ޽һ㶣Ƿ׷ŭɱ֮˲ͽ֣Щħ޾ľǵģɢʼ֮Ѱ˹ŷӰ
Щһøߵǰɱħޣˣ
һŴ֮ϣŷ羲һ֦ҶΪïʢ֮ϣۿ·ħޣȴǰһ
ЩһıѾǾ˲׵ǣȻûа취ȣǾˣҲ൱Ŀˡ
ҹŷҿ϶ȥܵĻЩħһ֮ٶȼΧ
һŷҲûˣ׼ЩһɱһſİЩһľ
ŷȻǶ֮ϣԶ˵ĸ֪ȴȫĿţ֣ǸС
һЩħ֪λãҪϹϣҲܹǰ֪ôѡ
ٺ٣ˡ
ٶȵƬ̣ŷ֪ЩħѾǷɢ㹻Զ֮ŽĿ⣬һͷħϡ
ɱ
һŷ͵Ծ£ͷħ˹ȥڰ;ĳѾʣһ쳣Ľ⣬ͷħնȥ
ͷħţëڣԶԶȥǴһһ㡣
ͷħȻû뵽һֱҪѰҵ࣬Ͷͷ֮ϣˣڹŷĳ֮ʣͷħ㶼ûüֻ壬Ӳŷһ
͡һ죬ŷĽݺݵû˶ԷƤ֮УһѪ
໡
ҵʹֱõͷħ޴һͳ˲֮д˿
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬֪ͷħ޺쳹˲䣬ħޣǿٵĳﱼ˹

ɱһŷոڵϵΣ˿ͣ٣һԾٶȳͷħ˹ȥڴͬʱսĵʽ˺ѵأҲʩչ
ৡ
һͬһӶֱħ޵ʺȥҪһ
𡭡
ͷħҲǳصģ֪ӲŷĽ⣬ֱһ˦ԴһŨŨıŹŷĽӭȥ


123 ɱ
顭
ͽ⣬ڰ֮˲ײųƵ죬һѱм
˵һԷı˿ǹŷĽ⣬Ҳȫߣ󻺻ɢ˿
ŵŵš
ⱻ裬ŷҲ΢΢һܵһɴԳ֮ϴݶ̲סĳ
Լһ޹ŷаһϧȻɱǰͷħޣ֪ѾʧȥѵĶʱ䣬ܽͷħ޻ɱҲضħ޵Χ֮С
ߡ
뵽ŷû˿ɵģ͵תһӶȥգ֮䣬ٶʧֻͷħޣԭŭ
Ϊǿĸ֪ŷ֪ûħޣһ·֮ϣٶȸӵ˼£ں֮䣬ٶȴһεĻᡣ
˿̵Ĺŷ磬һɽ֮еһ㣬Ѹףһɱʧܣսתˡ

֨֨
ŵ֮Уһͷ;޴ħޣһּΪٶȣǰȥ׳֫ڿ֦֮ϣһ̶졣
ͷħޣף峤ɣ޴֮ϣһڶۼףͬһһ㣬쳣
Ȼͷ䲻ħޣʱȴһΪСģÿ߼Ҫͷײе˫֮Уƺһ˿塣
͡
ȻʱһͬһӰȻһŴ֮ܳĳͷħ˹ȥ
ڰ;ĳѾ˲ʣһ쳣Ľ⣬ҫ£һ۵Ĺ⻡ɭϢ˲

һ̣ӰеĳǺݺݵûħ޵ڣϼۼףǸ編赲Ӱеĳ
໡
Ѫ䣬ħҲʹһ׳ĺһţǺݺݵسǵӰ˹ȥ

ȻǵӰ֪һһŤΪĶӣǰ
һĹ⻡ͷħ޵壬Ȼһ󣬽һ˵ϡ
ʮһͷˣֻʣͷˡ
Ĺǰͷħ޽֮ǵӰǻ̧ͷ¶һΪգǹŷ绹˭
ʱŷ֣Ѿȥʱ䣬֮Уŷ緢ε͵Ϯеĳɹеʧܡ
ڵһΣѾǳɹɱʮһͷħޣԭʮͷ׷ħޣҲֻʣͷˡ
ȻˣʱĹŷ磬㲻ͷħ޻ɱͬǿԴݵ뿪ϾͷħޣѾ޷סˡ
ֻʱ򣬹ŷȴ뿪ˣΪ⼸Ĳɱŷ緢֣ս˵Ҳżߡ
սʽĸӵļ򵥡ݣȻû似ǰǿ󣬿ÿһУȴֱҪһ
ңŲϵĺħ޽֣ŷǾڵƿҲԽԽɶĲ²⣬ֻҪħսò˶ãѰͻƣʵҲԶͻƣϾ˴ʱѾˮɵĸоˡ
ղͷħ޽һѾǾͷħޣҲ쵹ˡ
ŷͷ˿ѾĲľ޴ħޣЦһһǳһӶȥգ֮䣬ٶûӰ
໡
ڹŷոߺ󲻾ãһһСͷħޣԶ۶ͣͷħ޵ʬԱߣŭ
ǴʱѾû˹ŷӰ
ŭ˼֮ͷħޱٶȷֿŲͬķ˹ȥȻǻûд뿪
໡
ʱ֮ͷСħڵķ򣬶ȻٶȴһУͳ֮Уƻż˿ʹ֮ɫ
𡭡
ͷԴħޣʱ͵תķȥʱԭأֻһͷħ޵ʬ壬ŷӰȻѾٶ
ԼһͬͷħУ¶һ˿־֮ɫû˿ɵģ͵صͷܣȻǱŷƵˡ
ٺ٣ڲܣƺ˰ɣ
ͷСħʬϿգŷһЦվ֮ϣͷԴħ޵ľٶ̲סЦ
ৡ
ԭһƷ֮쳹ŷӰѾ˳ȥͷħ׷˹ȥ
Ϊ֮Ĵֵ;޴ħޣȻ޷ٶȵƣķӳ
۹ŷ磬ٶ˿Ӱ죬ˮһ㣬ԵøӵĿݡ

磬ŷѾǳͷħ󣬶һһĨӶЯƥâ֮ŶԷĺ֮նȥ
ͷħܣĻע⵽ŷѾ󣬵ܵΣ֮ʱѾ޴ܣֻܽٶٶȼӿһ˿ϣܹӳ־֡
ֻжٶٿ죬ôܻĹٶȣ
͡
ǽӶ˲䣬Ǻݺݵƿ˶ԷƤ⣬ûС
໡
ˣʱõͷħʹһٶȣȴӵԭײе˫֮Уʱȴǲ˿־֮ɫ

һԷĺȷϵŷһͳͷħǰ󽣹һݺݵش˶Է֮УĽ̼ǽԷԴһѽ


124 
ȫˡ
һͷħ޻ɱŷҲǳ˿һ˼µ񾭣Ҳǻķ
֮е죬ŷݣһʼתΪЩħΪ־ˣֻת񾭣ȴһֱıţϢʱ򣬶ǲһ˿ķɡ
㽫񾭽˼޵ľٶħսҪƣͼ֣ʱȫһŷҲǸоһƣ룬Ķӵȫ
һطͻƲУ
ͷЦһŷĿһɨ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵Ѿǽħ޸ȫɾˣǴ˵أȻǰͻƵĺõط
ٶȴ˼ŷһչͳ֮⼲۶ȥգ֮䣬ѾûӰ
Ŀĵأ֮ǰǴ֡
Ǵ֣ڴһͷ޴ħʬţ˸ͿľһħޣҲͽ棬Դʱ˵һΪȫĵط
ʮ֮󣬹ŷٶǴ֮УҲϻֱϥĿ״̬֮С
ʱŹŷЩħ޵ĲսƿҲ𽥵ɶ˴ʱѾǿҪˮɵͻƣǹŷΪ˽ʡһЩʱ䣬ֻ¾βܣʮ֮ڣҲԶͻơ

ʱˮգ֮䣬
ȻʹĻҹ֮£һ£ԵøɫâƬء
ʱĹŷ磬ϥ˫ֽӡᣬһһת澭
ˡ
ʱŷڶȻһ󣬷Ӧһ㣬ռ䣬ǸžҵĲһɹ쳣ϵԶ۶һԵȫڡ
ӿڣŷ֮еҲһۿɼٶȣûڴͬʱһԽҵƣʼԹŷڶ𽥰θߡ
㾰һֱ˴ԼСʱʱ䣬ŻͣʱŷƣҲѾǰθߵһޡ
ৡ
һ˿ŷոɾ֮ǽյ˫ۣҲǶȻڵ֮ͫУɫľâͬһ㱬û֮С
ǾڵʵôȻҪǿడ
ŷ΢΢ȭͷȭָ֮䣬ǼΪǿ̲ס¶һ˿΢Ц
ոͻƣټȥҲ̫ĽչǸһнˡ
һȭţŷͷһת뵽
չŷԭȵĹ滮ǣֻҪһ˽֮ƣǱ㿪ʼѧϰڶнΪż֮гȱʣҲõòʱѧϰһŽͷ
ʱеħ޶ѾʵҲͻƣҲһŽʱ̡
ţŷҲɣֱĴӴͳһʼķ
ıŷ粢ûʲôİţϾ˵ŽһΪԣעˣн֮еκһ֣ûʲôرӰ
ŷһͳĽһˮԽΪལ
ལͽսһͬʽʽֱΪ಻κˣ׳޾
ȻûϰǴЩʽϣŷǶˮԵԣһŵ˽⣬಻޾һһġ
ལͷβĿһ飬ȷûʲô©֮󣬹ŷź鼮ʼղལ֮еҪһһʽ
ལĵһʽ಻ҪЧǣѣ紺һ㣬ϸ࣬ȻǿֻҪһ֣ȴֲܽ޷ƣӦԡ
ལĵڶʽκˣڵһʽϵļǿ棬һУ಻ҶϣҲ˼ߣ֮еľκһ㣬ƾˡ
һʽ಻
ﴫһȣŷеĳȻӶһ⣬Ϊģܼȥ
ŷֱۻӶٶȲ죬ȴһһ£һոռһǽŷ˳ȥ
̶ֳȵĽսֻ̼䣬ᱻƽ⣬ֻŷȥΪϰš
ڶʽκˡ
һʩչϣŷ粢ͣЪžʩչ˵ڶʽκˡ
ڵһʽһʽֱ˲ʮֹһּ䣬ʮͬ޴ĺһ㣬Զϯȥ
ڲལǰʽŷּ죬ֻʩչΣѾģ߱һ˿ˮԵԡ
Ȼˣɲǹŷˮ츳Ϊ򽣹ںͿ콣ĵӣҪͬʱʩչ⣬ڵĹŷ˵Сһѡ
ֻŷʩչʽʱüͷȴ
ʽ׳ʽϽ֮ڶʽ˼ߣҪǣϣҲһ
ƣˮԵƣǻһˮԵУûˮԵƣҲܹ׵չΪˮԵԡ
ǣŷ磬ȴܺܺõʩչˣΪԣˮԸͲմߣ޷ˮԣ޷׳ƣ׵ķӳ
Ǻǣˮ֮ƣ֮Уյģ뵽ŷ̲סĿЦһ
ˮǱĪģ಻ҲˮʯмӲһ棬ͬҲһ档


125 
ˮ򣬹ŷȻҲǲԺ֮лŸոԼʩչལʱ龰֮һ£ٶȰڿƣ
һʱ֮䣬ǲΪ֪֮Уһͬ˳һ㣬಻ϵӶʱ紺࣬ʱ籩Ѹ͡

֮󣬹ŷЦԾ֣żȥ
֮УŷĲ׽ϰڲལȻ˵ͨȴѾܹʩչֻҪپһʱĲϰһ˿ˮ֮ƣҲûпܡ
ΪãŷµĲҲǲ֪˼֡
ŷ粢ûһԵͷ·ǲϵɽ֮г룬ĿģѰħ
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ڽ֮£һͷҰСħޣͬûͷĲӬһ㣬Ĵײǲ۵ĸӭģһƬ಻Ľ⡣

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ԴˣʩչӰûпһ㣬ֻԹԵĻųһһĽ⡣
ӰȻǹŷɣͷħޣһͷԷƵ׺ħޡ
ŷ֮ͷħޣȻΪ˼򵥵ĽɱΪϰལ
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׽رʩչɵƻȲϽսһεƻ
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ɹĽͷħ޻ɱŷҲһ˿֮ɫһʼͷħ޵ʱҲǱһԵ̬û뵽ȻĴôһϲ
ѾȥһˣҲ֪ôˣ
תսŷĿԶ
СӣֻҪϷһȻĻݹϷ򲻿ˡ
ʱŷĶߺȻһõùŷüͷ΢΢塣
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һ˿ЦŷҲԸ£Ӱһת뿪
ЩĳŷѾǲֹһμȻ֮ʱЩνǿߣҲһ˿ǳĶˣҲͲ̫ˣϾЩŷʲô顣
ߣƥĪԪΣʱһ쳹
ĪԪʦ֣
ŷ뿪ĽŲȻһ٣ٶȷŻԭأüͷ΢΢
뷨Ǿǲ£Ͼһ²һ£ǵŷȴΪϤȻĪԪġ
ͬʦֵܣŷȻԹۣˣ΢΢˼һ֮󣬹ŷչΣĵسķ˹ȥ
Դڵأ͹ŷڵɽĲǺԶ䣬ŷѾĵĿ˹ȥ֪̽һС
ڹŷĸ֪УйˣһˣȻĪԪɡ
ĪԪ治Զվһ٣ŷ֪һٵʱɫҲٶȱĹŹ
Ȼڵˣٺ٣ԩ·խأ
΢΢һ֮ʣŷϣһ˿⣬ڵˣŷû˿ĺӡе꣬ǰĲˣʢǣΪһԲϣָʹߣҹȥ͵Ϯŷ硣
ĪԪǰɣҿɸ㣬ƷڵˣʶĻýеȻĻ㽫ɱˣڣҲ鷳
˵֮ˣһλŷûмĻߣλߣ˫ݣִݵǣ߸ߵͻһ֪һĽɫ
ʱԷĶĪԪƺֻҪĪԪ˵һ֣ͻϱһ㡣


126 
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ĪԪΪڵĺĵӣһɰˣʱ·磬Ҳ˿壬Цһ
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ĪԪβǻ߶ʱΪ֮֮УһĨ׹⿪ʼڶ
ǻߵĿ⣬ĪԪĴʱбһ˿ɵһ·׷ĪԪΪ˶ԷеĪԪƼˣٵɾ޶ˡ
ԽϣȻԷ˲֪ôǾͲҪˣְɣ
ʱվλڵһ˵
ԷǰƵ̫ٵɾ͵òʧ˰
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ߣǼҶõţŻٵҲ޷СӣɲܷŹڵһ˵
ٺ٣ãȻŶˣ⣬ҲͲҪٳˣְɣ
λȽΪԽϵĻߣЦһ󣬵ĿٶĪԪϵʱ׹ѾǺεıӿ
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һ֮£·ĪԪŷüͷҲ΢΢ʱȴϳ֡
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ٺ٣СӣȻżֱ£ƾˣɻ
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顭
Ƶײ֮쳹ĪԪһǳ˳ȥһ˳ʮſͣһգ˼㡣
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ߣϹ浱˲ɣ
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͡
Ȼõû߾ǣץסҪ󱬵һ˲䣬ǽ֮ϣȴǶȻһĨ֮ӿֱǽצȥһѪ

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127 ŷǿ
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ǵӰֵ˲䣬֮ͬʱĪԪһ˿ϲһĨĵǸ֡
ϾĪԪĲ²⣬ŷʵҲͺ࣬ǶԷλߣÿһλɶǱҪǿĶ࣬ҴʱԼѾ˲ƣҪ֣սҲȻǴۿۡ
һǶԷĶ֣
ٺ٣Сӣ·㲻ߣͶȻˣͱˡ
ڵһ֮ЦһĶߺͳĻ߷ԸϣԽϣʱȲҪǸĪԪˣȸҰСʰˡ
ٺ٣á
ĻҲľͬŷĿ֮Уɱεı
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Էλ߽ŷĪԪҲǼˣŹŷһ
Ǻǣ޷ҵҪ϶жŷ粻ҡҡͷЦ
ĪԪѣõ΢΢һůѾǽĪԪһɽ֮ˡ
СӣϷ
ŷ羹Ȼ˲񣬳Ļߣɫӵ˼֣һ
顭
仰µ˲䣬һɿ񱩵ŵը죬õ쳣Ӳĵ棬һĽӡ
ǽǾ޴ķ֮θ߸Ծͬһֻӥա
䡭
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ʱ߶Ȼһɿݵ֮ϣһɹɫƣڣƬ֮䣬һֻ޴צͬצһ㣬ǰ۶ɣй֮䣬ɢһ쳣ֲĲ
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ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬻ҲǶˣֻһǳŹŷ˶ɿݵֻ֣޴צŹŷ統ͷŭĶ

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ߣݵò񣡡
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顭
Ƶײ֮ٶŷĽߵĽ˫˫ȥŷҲһ̲סĳһ
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뵽ĪԪҲΪĬһǸһ´ʱôӹŷжأ


128 ֮
С飬ϷҪɱ㡣
ʱǻҲǷӦ˹ŭɶıһߣٶȳŹŷ˹֮䣬һĨħ֮ɫ
ߣ֪
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Ͼǳ׵ĵڣնݲ紵ŷ絹ǲʲôں͹żңȴڡ
ԮѾǴӵĶ֡
ٶȳŹŷ˹ȥҲһͷҲصĶ˵һ䣬ǼæͬǳŹŷ˹ȥ
á
ʱһѾǱɷףͷӦһǿʼ˫ֽӡ巢Ԯźš
ͨղźλ߶ݵһν棬ŷǵʵѾһŵ˽⣬ϼһʵһ鵤ڴԲĸ֣ҪѲࡣ
һһŷȻţǷǳɵĽԷնɱһԶŷ磬ҲǸоŲСѹ
Сӣȥ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱǻҲѾǵ˹ŷǰӶŸɿݵצŹŷ
Ҳһѳϵ趯һ⣬һּΪĻȣŹŷӶȥ

һ˲ͱǿĹŷҲǳ˿˫֮һ˿֡
ৡ
һ̣ŷ綯ˣӰȫһӰм䣬ͬʱҲûţսʽʽвϵʩչһƥĽ⣬ʱӶߺŪæҡ
Ҳÿ޸ƣҲðŷʦܡ
ԶĪԪųбҹƵˣ΢΢˿ͬʱҲǼæϥץʱ޸
ŷĪԪ˭ûע⵽Ƕ˵ʱѾǽһӡһ֮С

䡭
һƵײ֮ڳжȻݶӰԳ˶ŷһ˳岽סΣԷλߣһ˳ʮಽǿͣ
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ͬһһѲ˵һ£ͶҲʹһ£һѸҵĻǾʹĺнࡣ


129 Ԫת
ŷʱĽͬǸ־һ㡣
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ŷˣߺͻ߶һۣǿ˶Էеľŭ˼ͬʱһɹɻӿ
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䡭
ڵλ㾡ȫͬ׵ĹչֶŹŷӭȥ
ֻǻ߸ɿݵצ֮ϣһֻ޴צڣ񱩵Ϣй֮䣬ΧĿռ䣬ǸһȦȦ
ȻߵһУղŵһУҪࡣ
ߣ䱬֮ʣ壬ͬһ㣬ٵתڴͬʱһ⣬ͬһ㣬۶Ƭ֮䣬Ѿͬһһ㣬ԽƵƣŹŷ缲۶
һʱ֮䣬ĵƥĹڰ֮кȻײ
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ڵϵĹŷ磬̲סľ˿˼һʱ֮䣬ֻ÷θ𵴣λϵĿ⣬һ˿ء
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ȻˣŷȻǱȴû̫ƣߺͻߣģɾҪȹŷҶˡ
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ŷ翴λߵģ֮󣬶ʱ̲סЦһųǳŶԷһһ˹ȥ
СӣҪ̫һߣպ
ŷˣλߵнһ˿壬ߣ̲סĳŹŷɫһ
ߣڲһߣպˣʱôû
λߴʱģŷʱмһҲԸ˵ϻһǳǻߵĲϴȥ
С飬ǽ㽫ϷɱˣڣŹģʱļ˺ѣҪΪϷᡣ
Źŷ糤֮ϵķ֮߶ʱ˻ߵ֮УһĨĺӿ
ߣҪҼᣬҲˣɡ
Թŷеɱ⣬Ȼٶȱǣû˿ɵģŻߺݺݵش
Сɱˣ
ʱһȣͬһ㣬ȻԶĴ˹õùŷеĶ΢΢˶١
һ̣ŷкɫһû˿ɵģ⣬ݺݵû˻ߵڣ

ŷˣǵͬһٶ쳹ҹŷܹĳˣȻѾǼΪķŭ
ŷ΢΢תĿ⳯ķȥֻ֮һӰͬһ㣬۵糸һԾ
ȻкԶһξ룬ǶԷǿ񱩵ͬɽһƣõùŷ΢΢ľ
Ԫת
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷ΢΢˿֮䣬׵ˣȻԪתʵ
ĪԪʦ֣ߣ
һ̣ŷû˿ɵģŲԶĪԪһһ෴ķȥ
ŷһȾѣĪԪҲ̫࣬ͬչΣŹŷ׷ȥ
ߣɱڵˣ˭Ҫ
ŷ˸ոʧԭأǵ۶ӰѾǳ˸ոսĵطһѾĲĻߣһϢήҵ˼ߣʱŭһ˵ٶȳŹŷ׷ȥ֮䣬һ⣬ٶȱŷ֪Ҫ϶١
ŷʦܣһΣˡ
׷ĿֲƣĪԪһ˿ߵĹŷ˵
ǺǣͬʦֵܣĪԪʦ㲻ˡ
ŷ粻ҡҡͷȴǰԶԷԪתʵ׷ǣֻʱ⡣
ǣԪתǿߣŷ㽫Դ֮еļ䶼һ飬ҲûҵһʲôõӦ֮
Ͼǵǿߣ֪֮ǿ˶ٱҪӲֻȡҲ̫ʵϾھԵʵǰıֻֽϻһô̵ʱ֮УŷҲ벻ʲôõļı
ŷʦܣҶ𣬵ʵ߲ѣҾȥסλǿߣץʱܣʱֻҪʵǿˣұͺá
ٶȱƬ̣ǿֲԽԽнһĪԪһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ڻûеͶ·ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ЩɥĻ
ŷϣҲǳ࣬΢΢ҡҡͷ
ŷ籾Ͳһˣ㣬Ԫתǿ׷ɱǵͶ·ʱɲԴС


130 
С飬ܣ
һı֮ڹŷĪԪ쳹𣬶󣬹ŷ˱Ǹоһɿ񱩵͵ϯ
ȻǹδǹŷȴѾǸоͬɽ鱼һǰǶˣһҳƵģҡڲ
ŷʦܣһס
ĪԪһ˿ɫŹŷһ͵ת񱩵֮䣬˫ȭֱǼ۶Ӱŭȥ
ߣ
ĪԪˣǵӰʱмһһģնĪԪ˫ȭ˹ȥ
䡭
ĳ˲䣬񱩵ͬɽ鱬һӿõÿ֮УһƵ졣

ĪԪǱû֮Уͬڵһ㵹ԭΪǿϢҲһ˲֮䣬ήҵ˼㡣
͡
صڵϣһţһѪĪԪ԰׵֮ϣŨŨľ֮ɫ
ĪԪʦ֣û°ɣ
ĪԪڶԷ£Ȼ˵ĲһŷҲ˾κˣ˲̫࣬æĪԪߣеʵ
ŷˣĪԪ΢ůͬʱҲЩɬŷʦܣڽˣ㡣
ڽô
ŷ۾΢΢Уûж˵ʲôǷĪԪ俿һ֦ϣ󣬹ŷ絭תĿ⣬һмϡ
ڴˣŷ粢İȻʢڸһ
Сӣò˵еȻɱڵˡ
ŷĿ⿴һҲǽĿ˹ŷϣЦе˵һ漴仰һתЦǵɱڵˣ
˵һеɱѾǺεıͬһѪɫһ㣬ݺݵشŷС
ŷ΢΢һݣû뵽ԪתǿߣȻѾ˵Ŀ£һ˿ɱõ׹Ҥ
ˣɻùŷԴУЦϻ˵ҲǿûʵԲŸˣǽɱ˵ڵˣ㻹˵Ĵʴ𣿡
㡭
ŷΪĻһһĶʱһͣٶȿŷĿʱɱӵŨһЩߣĳСӣϻݵö˵Ҿ
䡭
һ䣬һǳŹŷ籬Ϊٶ̫죬֮жǲһ֮ܵ
֮࣡
ͬһֻһһŷвҴ⣬˲ʣһʽ֮ʩչ
٣һĴڣƣ
ŷԭΪ׵һУһУȴֻǴһ˿мһͽŹŷǵץȥ
ꡭ
һ˲һֻ֮ŷõλ鵤ڴԲֶ˵һУǱһΪ׵˿
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û뵽ԭԪת֮ǿߣȻ蹵һ㲻ɿԽĲࡣ
ٺ٣Сӣڵˣ
ʱһӰҲٶȳ˹ŷǰƮƮƣͬһŹŷؿȥ
ŷոʩչ˽֮౻ƣǾѾδʱʱĻܶùһĹֻܷתڵȫؿ֮۶ȥϣܹһһơ
һһƣȻȥƮƮģǹŷȴ˿СΪĪԪղţɾǱԷƮƮһƣ˵ġ
顭
ڹŷŬתʱһƣҲ˹ŷؿ֮ϣڶԷڹŷϵһ˲䣬Ǹоһ޿ƥеĿͬˮһ㣬ĳб
ǿ񱩵֮£ŷ˲;ãԼͬһСһ㣬޷κεĵֿ֮
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һ˲ŷص˵ϣһһ֮£һѷĩ
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͡
ŷһţһѪѪ֮УһЩ״壬ȥ쳣ˡ
ŷʦܣ
һ˲Ϣήҵ˼Ĺŷ磬ĪԪУҲӿһĨıߣĿٶһϣ飬бɱҡ
ٺ٣Ҫżܿͻֵˡ
һɫһЩĪԪЦһ
ȿȣϣһЩڵˣȻĻһΣ¾Ҫˡ
һעĪԪȥʱ򣬹ŷУȻһâһöƴСɫƣǳС
öƣڵģǵ׸ģڵƣݹ˵öƣһĻᡣ


131 һ
Ϊĸ׵ԵʣõùŷڣûκεĺøУԵڽӹƵһ˲䣬Ҳûд㶯һĻᡣ
ֻǣ㲻㣬һԪתĿֲʵǰŷ㾡ƣҲûһ˿һʤϣ
Ҳֻܴôһ˿ʣƵˡ
뵽ŷҲɣָһ˿֮С
ˡ
Źŷע룬öɫƣʱ΢΢һһֱ۴ϸɫ֮бֱʣڰ֮УԻΪһ֡
ֵĹâΪҫۣڸ֮£ܹ˿龰ҲõùŷڵֶΣզࡣ
ףŵźţ
ڹŷųźŵһ˲䣬ھԼʮĵطһŰɱħ޵ӰȻ̧ͷ૵ô£һΣŲֻҶλʦôѵ鷳ˣ
뵽ǵӰҡҡͷӦòǣ鷳ҲͲˣϾûŵĸ֣ѵŵĵˣ
뵽ܣǵӰ΢΢˵ͷȻƺҲֻˣǵӰֽǰһͷħ޽һǳźŴķ˹ȥ
ڴͬʱһȽԶĵطҶλʦʦãҲǽԴ̧Ǹ֡
ʦ֣ŵźţ
λڵŮӣ˿ʣֽĿҶϣʵǲǳʦΣˣҪҪϹȥԮ
Ǹһô
ҶδֱӻشλŮӵĻǽĶǸ֣Ƭ֮ҡҡͷˣǳ鷳ǸȥҲﲻ̫æϾܹƵزĸֻ֣¾ңҲԸˡ
ǣʦҶˣŮӶʱһ
ˣʦãǾҶʦֵİɣ
ʱһеӣŮӵ䣬ʹһɫ
ߡ
²ΪŮֻƵĺһЩĲˣҶ龰Ҳȥˡ
һеķŷ粢֪ʱνһߡ
ٺ٣СӣԮ𣿡
ŷеƣһҲ˹ŷͼԴˣһȴǸͲ⣬ΪڵˣҲԪתʵҲͺ൱ο֪һεؾ֮Уڵû
ԣŷ緢źţһûΪùŷھ֮ȥָоõӵĴ̼
ŷûкһϻץʱָڵƣȻѾźţǾûɻһҾҲõһʱ䣬ʱ䣬͵Լסһˡ
ߣȻԮҾƫƫ⣬ھ͸ȥɣ
ŷĬһͷҲһ˿ŭƶȻٶĳ񱩵ϯ֮䣬Źŷȥ
ɱ¾⣡
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ֻһûע⵽ڹŷ֮ϣһ㱡ֽѪɫУǲ㵶УȻƻӶ䣬ȴǴһ֮ܵ
ٺ٣ǲ֪ȻҺӲ
ŷˣһʱмļЦ֮УŨŨĳƶȻ٣һӰ͹ŷУݺݵײһ
顭
ͳײ֮ڳжȻ쳹ڴͬʱһɼΪ񱩵һϯ˿ˣҶͻҳ
䡭
һ˲һӰԭ׷˳ȥصڵϣõΪӲĵ棬ǳһӡ
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ңһεӲһһƣŷֻȫͬɢ˼һ㣬᲻˿Եûˡ
СӣȻܽһƶҵԽԽϲˡ
ŹŷվӰһУҲǿʼһĨظ֣ȻŷǾЩľ
ԽˣһնɱŷľҲԽᶨϾɲһ˼ĵˣǶ˵ɲһʲô¡
ߣСӣǲǻܽһƣ
뵽һҲκεĳɣֱٶһĳŹŷ˹ȥҴһƵ֮ϣŷܹԵĸоһһΣõһΣҪࡣ
󱮣ҳ
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ˡ
Źŷٻһ߰ɴСĹʼڹŷǰ𣬸֮䣬ɢһɹϻϢ
ŷܹԵĸоʱ󱮵ϢԶԶĴǰˡ
顭
ڹŷ簵󱮵ʱһƣҲǺݺݵ֮ϣһƵ죬֮仯һڹ⣬ٶ˹ŷڡ
ϢŷɫҲٶȲ԰һ֣ǲѪĵףǿɬѵҪô
ߣСӣƻ治٣ҾͲţͻŵƣȥ
һɫҲǳ׵һԪתĸ֣Ȼεһ˵ľ֮Сʰˣõ棬δţ
뵽һٶ˳ȥһΣһѾǶȫʵҪһŷ


132 ۾
䡭
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һ֮ЯŵĿֲܣŷ΢΢һ˿ֶ˴ʱѾûκεԵֵһĹˡ
ˡ
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Ϊһһƣûϡ
ŷ΢΢һ֮ͫٴοʼ۽߳ɹۣһͦεӰҲǻĳǰ
һģӰ곤ȻҶǰ㿡ݣȴһֺ͵ĸоټһĨ΢ЦǸһּΪ׺͵ĸо
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ڳ۵ͷһҲڶʵҶһٮٮߣеĴԻ˵۵ʵѾǺҶ࣬ѾǾ߱սһʸ
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һĻ۵۾ȴ΢΢У֮ͫУһ˿ΣյϢӡ
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㡭
ˣһɫҲǱѿһЩʹ֮УһĨ֮ɫӡ
顭
һ̣һ͵رֱƹ˳ۣŲԶĹŷ籩˹ȥ֮䣬Ҫŷһɱ

һͻȻıҲŭһ֮УѾһ˿ɱڣһǼΪĳ˹ŷǰٶ֮죬һ㣬֪һ˶٣
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һ˲һһͣƽ棬һϵʱȴõͫףȻ
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ڹŷаΪ۵ʵе̾ʱһЩԹҲԶԶµ˲䣬ΪǱӰǳԶȥգ֮ûӰ
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ˣͶлˡ
ŷ˵ͷδƳ٣ǵһлϾĪԪ˽ˣĪԪ˰Ե״̬ǲץʱˣż֮УǼΪΣյġ
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۲ҡҡͷߵһŴ棬
龰ŷҲϻֱĪԪǰһҩĪԪɫ𽥺֮ߵһԣϥ״̬


133 
ŷһεƣȻǼصģһԪתʵ֮£ܹȫһѾǼˡ
ԣŷϥһһһҹʱ䣬ʱУһֱ˲ԶΪ˻ŷ
ʱ䵽˵ʱĪԪ˹ȻĪԪ֮ǰ˰Ե״̬ƣȴŷǰء
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һε¼УĪԪҲżĲпᣬûʵֻᱻеͷʣ
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ĪԪһ˵ŷ絹Ƕ˼ֺ棬ϾֻƾԼȥ⣬ȥ׽ûôҩȻܹĸ
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ãԡ
ĪԪ΢һ˼ǵͷͬϾ֮ǰľĪԪûǣ׷ɱЩɥ˳ۣˣɥȪˡ
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ৡ
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ֻõû뵽ǣǸۣȻֱǴŲˣûн֮һȥѰҵֶˡ
ⲻղԶԶĿ˳ԶȥӰææĳ߸Ϲˣû뵽һ
Ϊʵŭһ֮һֻܷ߷ȥȥѰֶӻغȥˡ


134 һǧ
һԿɽ֮УŷĪԪʮ׶΢΢ĿнӡᣬȻ˶ǽ״̬֮С
⴦ɽĪԪŹŷģĪԪ˵սżʱ򣬾ͱ͵ԣĪԪǱȽϤġ
ŷĪԪɽ֮Ҳûж˵ʲôϻǽȥ
һ븹УŷǸоһ쳣Ҵ丹лʣǹΪºͣǶԶתе
ΪõùŷҲǰէ࣬Ϊ棬ССľ̾һѡ
ЩԶתŷڵʵҲٶȿʼ
ȻڹŷʵĿ֮ʱһ־ȭͷСɫһĶȴ丹ڶһ·ϡ
ǡ
ڳֵ󣬹ŷǵһʱüͷ΢΢ͬʱŷҲǵͼɫŸ赲ء
Ȼõùŷ羪ǣɫţȻֱΧ֮УһȻϡ
Ϊ֪ɫŵкԼ龰ŷУҲǲһ󽫸֪̽ͼֹ
͸ղһǣɫţͬĸ֪ϡ
һʱ֮䣬޼ƿʩĹŷ磬ֻĿɫŲаԷҪʲôӲźá
ˡ
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ͷŭһŷ˳״̬õȻǣڵƺ޷κεĶֻԽԽŨ˯⣬ϵϮ񾭡
УҾԲ˯ţԲܣ
ŷ簵ҧأݺݵҧһ⣬Դ˯⣬ֻ嶼ѾģԭΪһڵ˵һ
ŷ粢ûзֵǣĵֵ˯⣬ԼǧҪ˯ŵʱԺ֮УǽԺֵɫţҲڲϵĻӷһɫ߷˯⡣

ʱ䣬ţŷѾ֪Լ˶೤ʱˣһ죬ȴֺһ꣬ʵ״̬֮УѾоʱš
ΨһִǣԼǧҪ˯ţǽŵһ˿Ҳʱƣ𽥵ĥš
ڣԺ֮ɫ֮еȫɢԺʱ򣬹ŷҲֲס׵ʧ־
֮䣬ȴַƼΪѣֵ״̬֮£ŷ緢ԼһܳܳΣ
Σж೤ŷѾǲˣһֺ꣬һǧ꣬ǺܳܳҪԼ˭ˡ
ȻŷξŶ೤ʱ䣬Ƕеľȴĸ̣һ㡣
Σ·ΪΣһΣŷеһүݣȴǼƽʱ۸Ǻʵһƴ
Ϊŷ籾һԸˣеݣҲõΪļ㣬Ըܼң洳
ʮʱ䣬ŷݣսĸ֣͵֮鵤Ԫ٣֮ͨĸ֡
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֮˿ֲսΪεսУĸѾһΪ̵˽⡣
۷ݣûз¶ĸ򣬴Ӵ֮䣬ΪΪչɽˮľҹ
ֻõùŷҲ΢΢Щźǣ֮ǰûֻܴźա
ڶεξ͵һΣȴǽȻ෴ڵڶξУŷ绯Ϊһͨ˼ҵĺӣΪΪ츳ɹİһš
ֻ֮УȴǱѹ
ΪԸ꣬ŵĲȻžѣҲˣŽԹΧɱ
Ϊ׷ɱ뷴ɱ֮УѸٳɳȴΪɱ¾̫࣬˹ħͷĳƺš
ŵĶֿʼΧΪļΪвΪΪȼˣֻԷ书
ǣЩȴδŵԣɱĸĸ
ŭڵΪȻʧǶĸȴɽڣֻƾһ⼣߰ߵնɱ֡
ֻΪҲΪߣɵ

ξŷֻһͨũΪţɽˮΪ飬ڣΪ̬ԵʣõôţɽˮŸ
ĳһգţȻһ鷲֮ʶ۷壬ɾʥҵ
ȻδӴǴţȴɲľԱͨķݣУȴΪľҪǿࡣ
һݣնħһɳɻɽ
ʵξŷҲٶ޾Ļ谵Уڻ֮䣬ʲôӡ֤


135 ʵǣ
һΣѹǧꡣ
еʱţʱ䣬ͬǻơ
ʱ䣬˵ڶʮʱĪԪǽյ˫ĿȻ
ৡ
ڵ֮ͫУǹһľâƬ֮ĪԪЩӲգŻ¶һЦݡ
ԭһжģ
һ䣬ĪԪУһ˿֮ɫ
䡭
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Ȼ⻹꣬ĪԪƣڲţڽڰθߡ
ꡭ
ˣԼСʱ֮ĪԪڣȻһ֮õĪԪϣӿһĨ֮ɫ
Ƭ֮ĪԪϵĨ֮ɫǻŨŨľϲ棬ȻܹҴ鵤ڴԲ֮һ죬ͻƵԪ֮
ͬˮһĪԪȭָ΢΢ţΪոͻƻûȶԵʣһ˿˿ָڣ˵Ŀռ
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˻ӶӶĸֻϧֻж̶̵ʮʱ䣬ŷʦܱľӦñһҪǿ࣬Ҳ֪ܹʲôջ񡣡
Щ۵Ŀ˹ŷһۣĪԪٶȽעеԼϣʼȹոͻƵʵˡ
գ֮䣬ʱţֻŷȴûҪѹļ󣬿ĪԪǰ
ĪԪȹʵֻʱ䣬֮죬ÿձҪ֮⣬ǵȥ̽һЩż֮еϢ
ȻűֵĿܣڣĪԪѾǻʵԪһתǿߣȥ͵һЩ鵤̸֮ҲȽɡ
ΪҲõĪԪż֮еһЩ¼һŵ˽⡣
ͨ͵ĪԪ֪죬ĩȸիţ᳹׵ĿʱǱܽȸիŵõĺö
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ǺǣĪԪʦ֣˵ʲôԼĲԼİ
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ĪԪͬͯһģŷʱûҡҡͷʵĪԪʦ֣ѵʲô𣿡
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һףȻһףҲ̫̬˰ɣ
ðĪԪźŵϴͣЩҡҡͷ
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ĪԪˣŷҲҡͷһЦûж˵ʲôֻУȴǰĪԪʦ֪ʵǶ֮ϵ򣬲֪ĪԪʦֻθ룿
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ڵΣΪһΣȻף֮䣬Ҫ֮Ȼڵġ
ȻθĹŷ˵Сȴףθ򣬲˴εջ


136 ǰȸի
Ϊʱ䣬ȸիŵҪԹŷĪԪˣҲû뿪ɽǼɽ֮Уȴʱĵ
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ͨĪԪ˵ϹʱڣΪףڣ֮У֮Ĵ
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á
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ڹŷĪԪ㾲ʱӽʯŵļˣȴǶȻ˼УţѶ
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ԣ˵нһҲһˣΪ첻ģȻûе˵еĽ䱸֮ɫȴôҲڲزס
ĿɫɨһЦҲ⣬ŵȻλĳֱ˵ĳҲͲƴˣ֪ϹʱڣһЩ΢ЩʵţѡһЩħޣȸիΪ֮һУȻҲһЩħޣոЩΣյģؾǱħ޹ˡ
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138 ļƲ

˷ӦҲǵ˵ͷŵ֪ħޣϲѪνѪʧǧ̣꣬ЩħޣҲã˷ᵽѪȻưոݡ
üͷ΢壬ͬʱжĻɣҲǼһ֣̲סĳѯʵֵܣȻ֪֮࣬ҲŽİ취ɣ
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һʱΪĹǵ죬ŷȴǿЦҡҡͷȻ˵ĺܺãǹŷУǾã죬ƺ
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Źŷ̾ĪԪҲͬĵ˵ͷ̲סĳʵ
֪ģĪԪڹŷ磬Ѿһ˿ⲻΪŷȹͬҲΪŷʵ֮͸
˵֮ʵѾͻƵԪһתľ磬ǾˣĪԪûģܹսʤŷ硣
ǻȸիǾͲԹۣһٲҪһЩˡŷΪε˵
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ĪԪҲǿЦһڣһЩ飬ѾǳǵԤϣҪ⣬ûôס
ڹŷĪԪ̸ʱҲٶȻλħ֮УǶȴ֪֮٣ǿдȥ׶༪٣ܹЩħһɹĸʣȻҪˡ
ţֵܴǣǻħΪػĴڣĻ׳һλȥȽϳȵӣЩüĵ
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λղҲ˵ˣħϲѪߵľѪ̺ǿȻ˴ľѪǻħޣȻᾭסջġЦ
˻˶ǳĬȻղЩ˿ƱȽϻǵΣԼʱ򣬿ɱȱ˶ҪĿ졣
ôѵλԸ⣿˵ĻĳҲûа취ˣֻǿϧȸիӵɽȴ޷õ˰Щϧ̾һУȴЦ
һ˵˵ϣ¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫȻܶ˶֪ڼǣǶԷ˵ģϾʵ
Ϊ˵õ𣿿ǴʱȴҪķ
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ҲƴˣֻҪܹõһʧһЩѪҲֵõġ
ԣҪϷķЩɱʧѪܶˡ
һʱ֮䣬ྭסջˣʼӦõϵЦݣҲԽŨ
һУɶԤ֮С
֮һӦһ㣬˵һеڶƬ̣еˣͬİ취
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ˣжΨһһĽ䱸Ҳǳ׵ɢȥһ׷תʼڵľѪƳ⡣
ŷʦܣ˵᲻թ
գĪԪʱҲǱþǿ˿Զ죬ֽ˹ŷϣüʵ

ĪԪ⣬ŷȴǳ˿ЦȻһֱôģˣֻҪûа취⣬Ȼֻܼˡ
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ĪԪ΢΢˵ͷҲǿʼתڱƳһξѪ
ŽһξѪƳ⣬ŷĪԪ˵ɫ԰ģһ˿ƣ֮ɫ
ѪͨѪһѪߵľ֮ڣ滹̺˴
ԣѪһҪֲɾͲһ򵥵ˡ
ԣҲΪʲôһҪþѪʱ򣬱ɵԭˡ
ˣһԵĽǣȴ޶ԣȲ׳ѪҲûҪ뿪˼
Ľǣʲô˼ҶôĪɲɣ
Ľû˿Ҫ׳Ѫ˼ȻǲŹѵõĻᣬһŭʵ


139 ħ
СܵܣҲˣԣȻǲöþѪඣ
ʣĽȴǺ⣬Цһ仰ȴֱӽ˵Ļҭ˻ȥ
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ȻˣǶĽǵĻл̬ȣǰڶԷʵҲùָ
ߣϣ˵㻰ȻĻڳˣɶԸġ
ˣȻвʣȴҲް취ֻĿĽһۣĿڶϣȻλ׼ˣǾͿʼɡ
һһԼľѪͶȥǲҪ棬ſڼɡ
˵û˷ԣʼһ
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ĪԪʦ֣²Ҫսץʱŷһߺˣһ߳źĪԪ
áڹŷĻĪԪʱΣҲԭֱ΢΢ͷӦ

˽æźˣ׼ʽʱ֮УҲǶȻһƵ˻ǺƻΪĹ죬ȴһħһ㣬õ˵ͷ̲סĺݺݲ˲
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ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ͷһ˿أȻûмħޣǹǴ֮УŷѾãԷöԸ
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һģǱԷĿɨߣǸоһͬ޾ıһ㡣
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˿ħ޵Դ֮ʱ̲סĵһ֮ͫУ֮ɫǻûм˾޴Դ
ͬʱһ˾뷨Ҳ˵Ժ֮ð˳ԷԴ֮壬ָǺεȵľ޴󰡣
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Щ˵ģǶԷ֮ϣ׳ĺ֮䣬˵ɫ
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죬Ȼûİ
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ȻˣȻ֪ЩĽҲȥˣϾɶǾ֣ܹһЩǻñĻᣬҲ͸һЩ
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141 ȡһ
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壬ֻнһ
ħ㶯ֵ˲䣬ڶԪǿߣҲǷ׷ױȳԼٶȴ߶˼ޣһ⣬֮ȥ
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ĪԪҲʣ΢΢˵ͷһѾȻתֻһлᣬܹ˲
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ŷĪԪˣڶԪǿУҲźǴ̵ͬˣȻͷ壬ȴڲϵ˸
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ĽһƷŵĺĵӣһʵҶ޼ʱһȫչٶȣֱȣգ֮䣬ѾԾħ˽ȥ
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142 һƽһ
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ĪԪҲ֪ʱȣҲϻֱصĵ˵ͷͬʱתǷħ档
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ĪԪһȣűʮɴСľ޽ǷЯƥ֮նһ㣬ħŭն˹ȥ
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ήңͺľ֮֮ήͬƺĵʩչ֮еԪ͸ľѪ֮Щƣȴӵء
ŷ֪ǣԪŽĪԪʽҲĪԪһƣֻʩչԪŽ֮ҪĴۣҲʵ̫޴
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ٻ֮󣬹ŷ绹Щ̫ģйâһ׷սǳУδùɱ¾Եڹŷٶʩչ˳

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Ŵ˽֮ɫȻЩǰħ͡
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ٺ٣Դӷ֮һûкԪ֮ǿ߽֣ǲʶĻҲҲˡٳӽЩߣŷ۾Ҳ΢΢Уһ˿ΣյĻȡ


143 һ
λСѣܹҵȼ˺ħ棬ҵȶλСһЩҪԹۣ
ڹŷĪԪ˰ʱӰУһλͽϴߣҲùŷ˰æ
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ŷͷһЦȴ¶һ˿ǸȻЦ⣬ԵĪԪĪԪʦ֣ߣ
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ŷ˵Ҫߣһ˫۾ȴڲϵתţɿĴԱѵ·ߡ
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ȸիܴܿŷԲɵӣ߶Ҳżʮףվ˾޴֮Уŷ綼ǸоԼ쳣С
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СӣǰæǿǣҪƲԳԷƣ
ڹŷٵĴ֮еʱӰ֮УҲٶһмĺõùŷĪԪɫ̼ѿ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ²ͣʯ˹ȥ

ŷ൱ӵĶǽԷ׼ŭһŭȹ󣬹ŷǸоһƷ֮
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Ϊǿ֪Թŷ粻ûͷҲ֪ʲô飬۾һУһ
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ԼĹȻ׵ľͱƵӰУʱһŵľ
֮Ը˴ĵĶԹŷ綯֣ҲΪ˹ŷĪԪʵһԪһתһ鵤ڡ
ϣǷż棬һϣǷż֮УȴΪСĴڣ˵УԪתĸ֣ȻԲҲԪһתǿߡ
ʵǱŪǱ˵ŷˡ
ԣǼһŷˣҪùŷǽЩֲħ档
Ȼķչƺûǰ˳ŷ鵤ڵļһսȻ˵ǿ
ߣȻҰǿħ棬Ҿͳȫǣ
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ڶԷǼ˾ɲʱ򣬹ŷЦ֮ȴǻ󣬹ŷһһĨ
Ĩ⣬ղŵǵҪһ֣صķ֮⣬ҲǸӵŨ˼֣֮Ŀռ𵴡
֮󣬹ŷڽ֮ƵգҲǸһҾ²⣬ˮ֮ƣҲԶˡ
һ֮ʩչŷ粢ݣֱ۶䣬Ľ⣬ͬ˳һӿֶȥ
ŷʩչģȻˮԽལ
ŷʱʩչལʱӵĶһ˿ζƲǽǱ˲һ㡣
Сӣ
Ӱͱ׷ŵħŪæңû뵽ŷ羹Ȼʱǳ֣һ̲סıȳ
ܲŭ𣿹ŷĹǷƽʱֻҪһЩֽţҲܹƵģǴʱôʱ䰡
ǻʱȥƳŷĹƱػᱻħɣǲܲˣ϶ˣʱ򣬸ӵӲħĹ
ٺ٣ҪˣҪȱƵ׼
ڼ˵ıŭŷȴ˿ᣬԵĪԪȻδʯſ񱼶ȥգ֮䣬Ѿʧ˵ǰ
С飬ϷղȻƤѪ֮裡
䡭
ŹŷʧıӰλߣʱŭ𣬿񱩵ͬһһ㣬ȻҲ֪⻹ģλԪһתͬ飬ݺݵؼ
͡
ͻıʣλԪһתĵùʱ׷ħûȥһѷĩ
ħʧߺһλӣ໥һۣ֮ͫ䣬һ˿ļ£Լޡ
ϣǸô죿
ǰӴԼʮֳ꣬һȣһŻ㿡εգʱȴ˼㡣
ߣǸС飬ˣڴˣҶҪҵǣǳƤͷ֮ޣ
Ҳλߣ˫ĿһֵǸСӽߵǸʯţߣҲȥҵҪСڻܣ
ǣǲȥѰұôЩɵʵ
Ŀһûʲôأﶼʯź档ȣĽռǾȥˣҲǶ˵Ķֻ֣еߵͨ˵ûһ˿ϣ
š
ӱôһҲͬĵ˵ͷ˲ٳɣչ䣬Źŷȥʯ˹ȥ


144 غͺ̨
ȡ
ǹŷʯ֮ĵһо
ʯ֮һʯʱȴɢźɫĹâһɹɵˣϵϮ
ĪԪʦ֣ҸطˣǸղŵЩһûĻȻǱġ
ղ˲ͷĺ飬ŷԵĪԪ˵
š
ĪԪ΢΢˵ͷͬ˴ʱѾûѰұ˼ܹסһСҪġ
˵ţ˱Ǽ֮ͨȥ
ʧŤŤ֮ͨ󲻾ãӰͬ˽ģȻλߺͰӡ
ģʲôطôȣҲ֪Сȥˣ
ˣ̲סһҲͣͨȥ

͡
Ӧž֮ͨУʱȴǲ΢촫ֻŹŷ˽Ųһɹɰ̣ϵŵ״˳ţһɴ̱ǵսζ
ƺԽԽˣ
һεֲ̧ͷϵĺˮŷѾѵ촽һڵУһ˿εĿЦ
˽ͨѾСʱˣɾ˺ͣϢ߶ûпͨľͷƣͨԶûоͷһ㡣
˶㹻ˮ¾ǿʣҲˣ
ĪԪʦֵϢԽԽˣ߲ͨ¾Σˣ
ŷתͷ˿ĪԪаʱĪԪѾǴһְԵ״̬֮УֻΨһһִõͣ˫ȣ΢ŷһѹ
ٶ򷢸ɵ촽ŷڵһ˿ᶨٶǰ
ڹŷԶߺͰӣҲǲǵĻǰţֻڹŷļᶨ˵־Ѿǿʼҡ
ϣ˵ͨ᲻ûоͷȻĻôôˣûпڰ
еȣͣҡţҪԴȡһЩ⣬ڳޱȵ֮ͨУһֲʵֵ
ܣͨԽԽȣǾ˵ǾԽԽ
߼ᶨҡҡͷŵͨľͷӦûӵĳȡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Щɵϣǻȥɣ룬ͨôȣô϶ûʲôöңʵҪֲסС飬Ѿͨˣ
ߣȥȥ֮ܳȥ𣿶˵ħѾٶȻص֮Уǳȥɵߵ
⡭
һ˵ӶʱЩԣȵͨӵĺħֲֿĴڣѾǸһӰ
߰ɣ˵ǵͨľͷҵһ·Ҳһ
˵ţ˱ٶȴ񣬼ͨǰȥ
ȵ֮ͨУ˿оʱţŷԼҲ֪Ѿ֮ͨ˶೤ʱ䡣
һ죿죿
Ҳ˵˴ʱŷԼҲһʵ״̬֮У֮ԻܴĪԪǰУҲΪΨһһ˿ִ
ѵҪ֮ͨ𣿡
ѵ촽΢΢ſһɬ˻Ƶ󣬹ŷʹҡҡԼԴᶨĵҲڴˣһкܶҪ׻ڵţĸҲڵңһҪסס
ţŷݺݵҧҧԼ촽ǿҵĴʹõЩģ񾭣ٶ΢һЩ
󣬹ŷٶŲǰ˹ȥŲȻȴ͸һ˿ᶨƵɫ
͡
ڹŷոû߳ԶһѵĶ֮Уõùŷ˵ľ񣬶Ϊ֮һ
ǰ棬Ӧþǳˣǵ˰
ﳤ˿ŷعⷵһ㣬ȻڴһĪԪ壬ǳǰ汼ȥ
ٶתһ֮󣬹ŷǾǰȻʣӳģһƬ졣
һ޴ĻأСǲ£ҽ֮䣬һڶѶ͵졣
΢΢üŷĿӻ֮ϻƿ˻ߵʮʯ̨֮ϡ
Щʯ̨Ϊأ˳ȵĵطǲϵһɹɵĺڶ𣬷ƾԶһξĹŷ磬ܹоһ˿΢⡣
Щǧ꺮񣿡
Щʯ̨ŷУһ˿֮ɫ
ǧ꺮һּΪŵرΪƺľѲϡ
ң㲻ǧ꺮ҲžعЧԼļ߻ħΣա
ŷҲΪӴԲŶǧ꺮˽⣬ֻû뵽ǣ޴ĻԱߣȻʮúɵʯ̨
ȸիֱʣȷǴĺţ
ʱŷ絹ЩлȸիĴֱˣȻĻһʱ䣬²ĪԪԼһ
뵽ŷû˿ɵģĪԪһʯ̨ȥ
ڹŷʱЩתõ飬ߺͰӣʱȴǿ಻ԡ
ڰСʱ֮ǰ˾ѾǼֲס󲻵òͣԭأûֿϮ
ȻˣȻܹһʱ֮ΣҲ֪Ⲣǳ֮ƣҪҵڲС
ԣ˱һͬûѭУÿһ·ͣϢһʱ䣬Ȼټ·


145 ֶ
ĪԪںʯ̨֮ϣι˼˵ҩԷɫ΢΢ת֮󣬹ŷһ麮ʯ̨ϣʼ޸Լڵơ

ںʯ̨ϣŷһֱŵ࣬΢ôһ㣬񾭣ҲǷһЩ
һɣŷǾһɲɵֿ⣬糱ˮһϯõƤǧʯƵģ̲סĿʼ´
Ȼһ·Ѿõùŷ絽һֵƾͿݵĵزΪ͵֧ţֻ£ͺĪԪ֮ͨС
Ȼŷʱʲôȥܣͷ˯Ψһһ˿ǸڻϢʱΣգûȫ
ǿ˯⣬ŷ¼˵ҩǿʼת澭޸ڵ
һ·ϣŷǱħһħ湥ȻĪԪæƣҲǲᡣ
Ϊ赲˻ˮŷǲڵƣǿתõƣԽ˼֡
ȻˣЩĻõùŷ˲ҪǣĪԪ֮ͨߣõùŷѩϼ˪
ּһõùŷƣκһҪصĶࡣ

ڹŷĪԪ˵֮УʱҲǿٵţգ֮䣬Ѿǹȥһ֮á
һʱˣŷĪԪ˵ɫҲǺÿ࣬ԭήҵ˼ϢҲٶȱ೤
ˣû˿ҪļɴҲԿһεƣжôˡ
ˣٶȹСʱ䣬ŵգʼ֮͸ƣ
첻ҰҸߵͷˣ
һдЩĴЦ֮ڳŵĿռ֮УȻ쳹ӰһǰһĴ֮ͨд˳
ˣȻһֱڹŷˣߺͰӡ
һʼʱȣʱˣνҪǱжǱͷϵͷɵͬһ㡣
㿴СǶ
һָŷĪԪڵĺʯ̨һ˿ɱ⣬ȻǽеԹ˹ŷϡ
˳ŰָķһʱǼ˵ĹŷĪԪЦٺ٣С飬ңգҶҪƤʬΣ
˵ţ߽һҪŹŷȥ

ʱȴֽ߸ɫƣæ͵ϣǸ֮ͨУѾ̫һʵӲһ㣬ǣȴ֪Ѿ˶೤ʱ䣬óȻȥֻ²޷𣬷Լȥ
ߵ˫ۣɽĶŹŷĪԪڵķ֮ͫ䣬źâ˸֮󣬷Ϊʵĵ˵ͷ˵ҲЩˣСٶһʱ䣬֮ʣǵڣ
Ӣ
ӦҲ΢΢˿źۼһƨ
Щ£߲Ȱ棬һУ汻˵УŷĪԪѾָƣǿɾЩΣˡ
Ȼֻһ²⣬ǷǳСĽ¾һ˿ΣգҲóȻ֡
һΣʵûа취ԸҲðպħײġ
ˣҲץʱ˰ɣȻĻǱСӳûˣǿɾͰæһˣ
˵˾ͰûҲ⣬ӵһƨĵģɫ΢һЩһڣҲǳһʯ̨ȥʼָڼѾĴ
ӼˣҲǼæһʯ̨ϥ״̬֮С
ߺͰӸոս״̬֮󲻾ãŷǽյ˫ۣȴǶȻ˿ڵ֮ͫУͬźڡ
ŷȻˣǸ֪ȴһֱͨĳ֮ԣߺͰӽһ˲䣬ŷѾǲˡ
Ϊ˲ݾߣŷ緽һֱװǶԷĹɱһܸԷһϲ
ȻʱƻûȫָѾܹǿĶһЩˣҶԷҲǽĵ߰˰ˣĶ˭ʤ˭治˵
õùŷ΢΢˿ǣԷȻѡһָһЩʱ䡣
ٺ٣ϼһɱСү󻹲֪˭˭أ
ĿһߺͰӣŷվûѡ̶֣˵ԷûлɱİգͬģҲûбʤİգܹԷնɱ
ʱɱ⣬ŷֱĿ
һʱ֮䣬˫ŵĻԱߣһʱսһ̣˭Ȼָ˭ܹռݾԵƣ֮·磬ɥ֡
˫ֶ֮УʱҲǿٵţգ֮䣬СʱȻ
ৡৡ
ʱŷߵĿ⣬ͬʱ˿磬ȻѾǳ׵Ļָ۷ʱڡ
Ŀңңӣһ˿Ī֮⣬һ̣ƺֶϬƵģĿԵͬϡ
ŷ߶ûѡ̶֣ڵȴĪԪͰӵѣ˭һôһռݾԵƣԶһԷȴù˼Եһˡ


146 ĪԪܣ
ڹŷߵĵȴ֮£Լһʱң˹
Ҳ棬һ𣬳ֽСӻɱ
ߵϣʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ЦٶȿŷĿ֮ʱɱѾǺΣ
ԼȶֽŷģϾŷȻѲ䱾ʵֻ鵤ڣǻʵԪתǿߡ
Ϊ˲ùŷûѣһֱǿɱ⣬ȴ
ʱѾѣΨһһǣҲͳ׵Ĵȥ
ٺ٣á
һЦͷӦȻʵЩߣʱѾָ۷壬Ƕ֮Խŷնɱ
ҺƺûʲôԹɣαؿƣ
ŷ۾΢΢Уʵ˵ŷ絹ǲ¶ԷˣϾûн鵤֮ǰŷ͸ҺԪתһа壬˵׷ɱΪǱó۾
ǣɴҲԿŷ粢һ֮ˣοʱʵԪתĸ֣ŷҲһսš
õùŷЩĵģȴԵĪԪ
ĪԪʱûǴսƱػᲨĪԪĪԪ˶߻ħɾ͸ӵˡ
ԣŷдһʣûԷŹΪһЩʱ䡣
ٺ٣С飬ΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ʱ𣿡
ЦһŵϷҲ¸㣬ǸСҲѹˣǶ˵ʵĪΪܹѲɣ㻹ģɣ
棬֣
䣬߲ٶԣԵİӷԸһǳŹŷӶȥһĵ֮䣬죡
ٺ٣ϣ
Ѿ֣ҲǲЦͬʱαǱӶͬһֻһ㣬Źŷ˶ȥ
϶
ŷ˶ˣŷ̲סĵһһжѾǳĳοĪԪһ麮ʯ̨ϣΪ˲ĪԪֻܵѡӲ
ٺ٣С飬ɣ
ΪԪתǿߣ㲻似ٶҲǼ죬ο͹ŷ֮ľ룬Ͳ̫Զˣһ֮£߾Ѿǵ˹ŷǰ󣬿ͬǼһƣǶȻ̽
ӡ
һ£ߵ֮ϣȻʼӿգ֮䣬֮ǰ۳һһߴСıӡ
ǱӡȼȻͣʹ۶ɣǹŷȴܹһͬʵһƣΪĸֶ

һ̣һƶȻӶ񱩵ͬɽһ㳯Źŷϯ
ˡ
ֱ۵ĻӶǰǵӡҲǻŵռŹŷŭĶ֮һξ硣
֮࣡
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ˡ
Ƶײ֮Ȼ쳹ֻŷĽ⣬ӡڰ֮ͶײһȦȦ
ߣƣ
ԼΪĴӡȻԷһֵ£߶ʱŭһһɸӿ񱩵ӿעǰӡС
֨
ʩΪŷĽ⣬ʱһ֨죬һϸ˿ѷ죬֡
ϼһȻǿ
ԼĽⱻ飬ŷУҲһ˿֮ɫ󲻸ҶɵģٶȻӶֱۡ
ལʽ޾
ͷһȣĽ⣬ʼڹŷֶһѵģǰӡӵȥ

֮䣬ײ֮쳹𣬲ЩԷӡһ˲䣬ǱԷǿ񱩵׵ı顣
ٺ٣С飬¿㻹ʲôֶΣ
ŷ͹Լӡ߶ʱĴЦһŷĿУҲǷһ˿֮⡣
ߵĻŷȴǲŲʣֻԹԵʩչԼĽһ⣬ͬûһ㣬ϵļ
Ƭ֮䣬ɫʼΪ֣ڹŷ޾Ľ£ӡȻ𽥵İ
ȻԷûа취һ˲佫Լӡƣ֮£ӡеһգʱȻǲƣ
С飬ȻЩ£Сˣ
Ŀһʼ΢΢˸󱬺ȵ棬ڸʲôΪʲô֣
ٺ٣ϣϾͽСӸץסˣʱͬϣ
ԭֵ߳ʱ򣬾ĵسһԵĪԪ˹ȥʱȻѾǵĪԪߡ
ң
龰ŷʱŭӣ̲סıһ
ٺ٣С飬ʲôҵģڣҾץס㻹ʲôֶΣ
ŷ籬һӵɫҲĿ˸֮䣬ͳĪԪץ˹ȥ
飬ʦиʲộҶ㣡
ŷɫѾǳ׵ҪȴĲţǿ뿪ⲻһƣʱ򣬸ֻ׸
ٺ٣㻹ȹ˺Լɣ
ʱЦһӿ֮䣬ӵĿ˼֣ʱĹŷ磬Ϊ񣬲ལҲ˲ֹһ룬޷Ĵӡ


147 ׷ĪԪ
ٺ٣㻹ȹ˺Լɣ
Цһ񱩵ٶȱһ˫ɿݵƣͬһ㣬ЯſֲܣŹŷĶȥ
䡭
һʱ䣬ŷֻȫֵ
ȻߣŷУȴ΢΢һһ˿ǡ
ٺ٣Ҿɣ
ʱӵЦ֮Ҳٶһ˫Ů˻Ҫ𪼸ֵƣݺݵسĪԪԴȥ֮Ǵһ絶ľ磬ĪԪԴ֮ϣĻдĿܣ
飬ĪԪʦֳʲô£ĺǣҲҪʬˣԱɱ֮𣡡
ŷһģѾǳ׵ţһԹ֮⣬ͳŭȵ
ٺ٣ҽСɱڣΪܹ𣿡
ڹŷԹӵУҲ΢ɲ󣬱ЦĪԪȥƣҲٶȿһ֡
ৡ
ȻڰӵƽҪĪԪϵʱĪԪһֱյ۾ȴǶȻ˿֮ͫУһ˿֮⡣
ԪŽŽأ
һ̣ĪԪǴһȣλȻվв֪ʱѾǳһĪԪֱ۵ĻӶŵ޴Ľ⣬ǷһԻ֮еİŭնȥ
ʵĪԪڹŷսʱ򣬾ѾѹˣҲ֪ĿǰʵҪסһԪתĸ֣ǳ˵Ρ
ԣĪԪǼװûΪ˵ȴ˳׷ɵһ̣һ
ء
ŵ޴Ľ֮ƣһ޿ƥ֮ƣǰİŭնȥ
䡭
һ˲ŵǺͻеİӣݺݵײһ𣬱һƵײ֮
͡
ĪԪĿԪŽľ޴ɱУѰԪתǿߣǲСһУҲñˣҪ˵İˡ
ֻĪԪһ֮£ʱһѪɫòҰͬڵһ㣬˳ȥ
Ͼң
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ߣûõķ
ӳŻ𺣷˹ȥ߶ʱŭһ̲סһþȣȻĻƾԼûаܹ͹ŷ˿⡣
뵽ߺһƣŷѣһǳŰӷ˹ȥסͨĳڴ˹ȥԾѾʧ
С飬ˣɽģˮ
֮ͨдһԹ󣬱Ҳû˶˵ˣŷҲ֪˶Ȼܻ̫ԶȻĻǳȵ֮ͨУɲһʲôܵ顣
͡
ڹŷո˿ʱĪԪȴһţһѪ
ĪԪʦ֣û°ɣ
ŷ翴һæĪԪǰЩʵ
޷ǸղʩչԪŽе̫Ϣһ¾ͺˣĪԪ΢΢ҡҡͷЩ˵
ĪԪһ˵ŷ緽΢΢ĪԪ£ĪԪʦ֣ϢҸ㻤
á
ĪԪ΢΢˵ͷҲ͹ŷǱĿʩչԪŽҪͬǣҲҪĴԣĪԪŻһ֮˵ƣ
ĪԪ״̬ŷһֱ񾭣Ҳ΢΢һЩһΣĪԪ˰ӣضԷʱڣٹˡ
ţŷҲǿʼϸĴЩֵĵط
ҽأʯ̨ƺѾû˱Ķŷ֮еһڣҲûС
ѵľֻһ·һ񲻳һأ֮󣬹ŷһ΢΢üЦһ
Ͼûһ·Ļȷ൱һأϾҪʱ·ȥǾ͵ħ
ֲֿĴڣǹŷԸȽϼ㣬ûоԵʵ֮ǰҲǸһ
Ҳ֪ǲǴŷǾãǸһƺʲôΪ֪һ档
΢΢˦˦ԴЩ߰ͷ׳Դ󣬹ŷٶȽ˷ĪԪϡ
ֻŷһ֮£ͷȴ̲ס΢΢
ֻǰĪԪѾǺ͸ղţ˼ĲͬԭһͷںڵĳʱȻһ룬֮ɫ
ѵĪԪʦ߻ħˣ
ĪԪʱ龰ŷвɶƵðһͷ󣬱ֱҡͷĪԪʱȻ죬ȴȻ߻ħס
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱĪԪ״ҲٶۿɼٶȣһЩľı仯
ֻĪԪԭƤʱȻͬήһ㣬ٵıĸɿݡ壡
⡭
գ֮䣬ͱͬһͷһĪԪŷУŨŨĲţʵЩףΪʲô̶ʱ䣬ĪԪ˾޴ı仯
ѵĪԪʦʩչԪŽԵʣȻ䣬һͷ˹ŷԴ
ͷһ֣ŷǾúпܣϾĪԪѾʩչοԪŽҲ˵ʮ
ֻǣõùŷ绹ЩɻǣʮĪԪҲ˲ϰɣ


148 Ѱ
ڹŷΪĪԪԵĵʱʱҲڿٵţգ֮䣬СʱʱѾȥ
ʱĪԪһͷͷѾ֮֮ɫ
õùŷ΢΢˿ǣĪԪƤûٶȱ仯ֻǱԭģǾˣʱĪԪȥҲһӵ̡
ǲ֪˼Ȼ뵽ĪԪȻֻһʮ꣡
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ڹŷ粻֪θĪԪ͵ʱĪԪǽյ˫ĿҲ΢΢һ˿
ŷʦܣΪγüչİ
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ŷ˸⳶˻⣬ԸĪԪ϶
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˵ţĪԪʹĴ˴ԼգƬ֮ǶȻͣ˫£俴ԼѾ岻ѵ˫֮ʱʱ΢΢һ㶣
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ĪԪʱı飬ŷУҲЩ̫ܣʵĪԪʦ֣ѵЩ֢ûƵİ취𣿡
ȻУȻĻҵҲͲѡ似ˡ
ĪԪĻõùŷ΢΢˿ֻҪа취ǾͺðˣȻĻĪԪҪһֱ󣬾˵ʲôҲ̫ù
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˶٣ĪԪŵ似֮ϵļأνģʵĵڵԪѪܹһЩԲԪѪҩôĵǿԲġ
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Ȼˣ棬ŷûдȹѧϾߵۣʵЩԳܡ
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ĪԪһʣŷҲЩͷ󣬿ЦҸղϸĹ۲һطǣǻغͺʯ̨֮⣬ҲûĶҸղҲ۲һºʯ̨ԲʲôʲôҲֻǻ֮ˣ
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뵽ĪԪҲǽĿ⣬Ǿ޴Ļ֮ϣʼϸɨϣܹ֡
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ĪԪʦ֣֮£пһЩ֪ܣң˵һ·
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ĪԪ˼ŷ΢΢üͬʱҲЩůůģ˵ЩʲôĿ⣬ȴǶȻ˽µĺʯ̨֮ϡ
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˴ʱʵֻҪҽǾͲ̫Σգǣ⺮ʯ̨һأ㱻ҽճɻҽ
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149 
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Щ֮󣬹ŷĪԪˣûм»أǿʼָڵ
˴λ֮УȻ׼ΣĪ⣬ԣֻԼ۷״̬ܹӦκεͻ״
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ŷʦܣûоãƺЩϤأ
ŷͬüĪԪҲ಻סеĺ棬еɻ˳
ĪԪʦҲϤŷüͷٶһЩЩķʵ
ղҾ;Щ죬һʱ벻ΪԼأڿȻˣǵȷĪԪ˵ͷ˵
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ֻǣǸһΪʲôأѵͨĳڣŷЩɵĲ²
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Ż棬ѵǻ֮Դ
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űɢŻʱռ˹ŷȫһɫҲɱ֮ɫ̼ת˻֮ɫ

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գ֮䣬ŷϵƤǿʼһĹѶȴûѪ͸ѷ쿴ȥģͲѪ⣬ͬһһһ㡣
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ʱŷںȻһ֮ŷǾķ֣һֱǣʱȻǱһ貵ɫâ
ɫâͬһֱڹŷŰĻ֮Դ֮ϣŻ֮Դ֣õùŷʹĳȣҲ糱ˮһȥ

оȻʧĳȣŷҲǳ˿֮Уȴɲһ˿֮ɫ
ոգô£ڵǸֵǣƺԷĶˣңȻܹƻ֮ԴڵǸǣɲѰ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷҲ֪Щ飬룬벻ףֻеҵ澭ͿԽҿһеˡ
ĵ֮Ҫ֮ԴɹɣȻ취ɹİѵħΪؼġ
뵽ŷҲٶȻĿԼ񣬳Լ֮С
ʱڹŷ֮УһĻǳ˼飬ֻһɫǵļԶĻ֮ԴС
ңŷ緢֣ǵƺҪ֮Դϵ֮У֮ԴȻԸܵƴš
һʱ֮䣬뵽޵Ľ֮С
ĪǣڵɫǣܹƱԴ֮
صһĻŷУҲӿһͷ˿һֱ֮̾ԴԽúпܡ
ҵİһѣ
ͷһ󣬹ŷһǳŻ漤ȥԾأһ麮ʯ̨֮ϡ
澭ȫתɣ
ͷͺһŷǿʼת澭澭תŷʱǷ֣һڿʼ˳ǵıԵζע뵽ǵ֮С
˹ŷ֧֣ȻڱԴ֮Ź˵Ǿţһëȴѹյһݡ
ʱ䣬ǻ֮Դǿʼһ֮С
ٺ٣ȻЧ
龰ŷУҲЦһղҲǱԿ̬û뵽ȻĹá
֮Դ׵ıѹƶ£ŷһŽŵ࣬Ҳǳ׵ķȫת澭
ʱ䣬ڹŷͻ֮Դս֮Уٵţգ֮䣬ٶȹȥСʱ䣬ʱ֮ԴҲѾǵıԵֻһţǳ׵Ľ֮С
ʱŷƣ֮ԴҲû˿ĵֿ֮
Ͼʱ򣬶ᱻǵһѹƣǵ棬Ӱ


153 ʵǣ
ˡ
ڹŷǵĹͬŬ֮£ǵ֮Դǳ׵Ľ֮Уڻ֮ԴǵһɲǣǣǾҵĲ
ǵϣͬʱһ˲ͽ֮ԴΧ˸ˮйͨ
ʱ֮ԴҲ׵ûƢ׸ĸֻܹԹԵǵһ䵱У֮Դһξ롣
£Ӧǳ׵Ľ֮Դ˰ɣ
ǰĻ֮ԴŷУҲǳ˿һ֮Դɲ򵥰
ǰıݣҲʧˣǹؼʱ̣ڵǳ֣´ʱѾǻһѻҽ
뵽ŷЩ£ں֮࣬ŷҲǻ˾ͽʵǺ˵֮УһֻһԴ֮ڣѾǳɹԴ֮Ҳ˵Բơ
뵽˴ŷǾã֮ǰΣգҲûôˣϾһ;УûΣյĴҲɲ˷Ľӡ
䡭
ڹŷЩͷͬʱڣҲǶȻһһ쳣֮ӿ۵֮С
ǡ
ͻȻĻŷüͷʱ΢΢һ壬ɲΪΪ˸лĻر
ȻǸĹҲֻҪ֮Դˣ
뵽ŷ絹ǾúпܣϾ֮Դ֮󣬱ǳֹһʵǵ
۾΢΢һŷû˿ɵģʼת澭Щ׵Լ
ЩŷƣҲǿʼ𽥵˶𣬽ڽ鵤ڣ鵤ڣ鵤ڴԲ
գ֮䣬ŷʵѾ鵤ڴԲĵزˣŷûнЩ׵ꡣ
鵤ڴԲ۷塭
ŷ罫ǹɻȫԼ֮ʵȻѾ鵤ڴԲ۷֮ԪҲֻһ֮ң
ŷ֪һ֮ң֪ס˶ߡ
Ԫ֮֮ǰľ磬νһ൱޴ķˮ룬Ԫ֮ǾֻΪ͵ȵߣֻпԪܹ֮һߡ
Ȼˣ֮˵ʵԪ֮һⱾ죬źܴĹǾնС
ɾԪ֮ԪѾǿԹͨһ˿֮һ˿֮߱ǿնС
ԣԪ֮ǿߣܹ磬֮µľ磬ֻ׽硣
ԺЩͷŷһЦ˻ᱻԪ֮£һ޷ͻƣŷȴ൱ţԼһᱻġ
󣬹ŷüͷֽ˵ʵǣǶϿֲħʵûб֮ǰû˿Ĳ
ħ͸ôһ컯ҲȻǲ׵ķŹ϶ʲô飬Ҫæ֮󣬱ڡ
Ҳ˿׵ǰĴеʱˣϣܹջ񣬿԰Ǹһ
֮󣬹ŷЩ̾ĵһڵõ׵۴еʱΪʵ̫ͣ׵۱ǽиӡȵʵͻƵ鵤֮ǿԿ
ֻż֮Уŷһֱûʱȥ׵۵ĴУû뵽еĿģȻֻΪѰһħİ취ò˵֮£ҲȷЩԤϡ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷǿʼĬ˿еĿھ
䡭
ſھȫ꣬ŷʱãԺһǣͬҪըһ㣬ðʹĸоʧŷԾǸоԴһƬհס
ЩɵԴŷ翪ʼԺ֮ƾնļ䡣
׵۴У׵۵ѧ׵һĸ׵ǰǿߣĸǺεȵ̣ԹŷĿǰľ磬ǿס
ȻˣĵģҲĸ򣬺׵۵ľѧΪĵǣڶԱԴ֮֮
ħŷܹĶӦ֮ҲֻбԴ֮ˣ
Դ֮ܣŷղžһΣԹŷţ¾ֻܶñԴ֮һ˿ܣҲ㹻Ըħˡ
ֻõùŷ΢΢ЩȻǣ׵۴УҲûбԴ֮÷ֻһ仰Դ飬Ĺͨ
Դ飬Ĺͨ
߶Ű˸֣ŷϣȴһ˿Ц׵仰˼ǣ⹵ͨȻһ飬ȵܹһ˿Դ֮ʱ򣬶֪ˣʱħͰŪˣ
ˣŷҲû˿İ취ֻܾ䣬ħҪʲôҲֻܼˣ
ûҵڱԴ֮ʹ÷ŷǽĿ⣬׵۶ĸ֮ϣ׵۵ľѧŷԶĺˡ
ڵΣ似Ѿǽʧȥãĸ򣬲սĹؼ
ԣʱ˷似֮ϣ໨һЩʱ䣬׵۶ĸأ׵۵ľ磬¾ֻһ˿Ҳܹõþ޴ĺô
ڹŷոձ۾ûļһͬװĶ
СӣѾɹ˻֮Դ
Ϥŷüͷʱ΢΢壬۾Ǵӻ֮ðľ޴ͷ­ʵħʲôҪҰæģ˵ɣ
ʹ죬СӣʵҪĺܼ򵥣ǰң
ħһЦ޴֮Уһ˿ıóѵζ
ʲô
ħĻŷУȴǶȻһ̲סľ


154 ᣿
¸£޴Сӣ㲻Ϊһװ׵İЩôɣ
Źŷһ𾪵ı飬ħʱЦһһ˫СУһ˿п֮ɫ
ԭ֮ɱԴ֮Ϊ㡣
ŷ絽ʱħʲô⣬ԷȻǴռ壬ŷҲܲµħΪʲôɻ֮ԴˣĿģΪ˼ٶԷΣա
ǹŷɹˣħռ˹ŷ֮ȻҲӵ˱Դ֮ǹŷûгɹħҲܵԴ֮ķɣô˵ħûһ˿һΣա
¸£޴СӣףƺѾЩأ
ŷıħʱٶȹЦһڣܳɹʱˣԪϣ󷨣
ৡ
ħĹЦ£һֻаƴСĺɫӰӣħĶͷɳ˹ŷԴ֮С
䡭
һ˲䣬ŷֻͬ걻ĳһ㣬ָоùŷܵļѪ
ٺ٣彻ңҿԴ۳£
ת֮䣬ŷ緢֣ǰһõӰӰ嶼һźɫ֮У˿бĿ
˵ԷıĿǴϿȴǺɣͲħ
㾿˭
ŷ۾΢΢УףԭһУһıħͲħͳΪһܱū۵Ŀտǡ
¸£СӣزҲ¸ҵݣħħµһԱ󽫣꣬ұȡȸիĻ֮Դû뵽ȴķӡǧ꣬ңʱҲ˼صƣͷޣˣ
˵Ӱ΢˶٣󻰷һת˵¸£ڣǧĽ죬ֵؼգֻҪ֮ұһݣĻţ
ԭħһ壡
ŷ۾΢΢Уħһ壬ŷһֱ൱ģص壬аǿ󣬶һ쳣Ĺ죬ǻѰ࣬ӡǧ꣬ѾһѰ׹ǣǶԷȴܺúõĻš
ңֶĹʽҲֻħһ壬ܹõĳ
΢΢תתŷһӦԴ˴Σİ취һʱѵôţܹҵ𣿡
¸£Сӣ֪Ϊʲôħһ壬ҪԶԶƾõ𣿺ٺ٣Ϊǵ꣬ͱǿ˵ôǿ꣬ѵ᲻𣿡ӰŵЦ
ǿô
źӰĻŷУȴȻΪԷᣬӦʲôȻƾǿ
ǱĻŷǰһǱǿͻ¡
Ϊֵǣŷĸ֪ǳ˵屶֮࣬Ҳ˵ţŷ꣬Ҫȳǿ屶
ħһŷȴ屶ԷҪƾ壬¾ûôʵˡ
뵽ŷɫҲǿʼù
Сӣʲô飿ĪǣΪƭ㲻ɣŷɫ죬ǺӰʱЩŭ̲סһ
ٺ٣ƭƭҲ֪֪Ҫҵ壬ǿ϶ǲеģŷͬЦһ
ͷȻҴԲѣһڿûбҪˣɣ
µ˲䣬ǺӰǳŹŷ˹֮䣬һ˿֡
ͻȻѵĺӰŷüͷȴ΢΢壬̫ĿӰһչź浹˿
ȻŷţԼ꣬ȶԷֻǿǶŷȴһ㶼Ϥ۶Է֣ӲӲĻ϶ҪԿġ
ԣŷһ˺ͺӰľ룬һҲĵع۲źӰĶ
ֻ֮󣬹ŷȴǷ֣ǺӰûʲôĶֻһĳ׷
ȥУҵ壬ҳ·ӣǸʱǶԷʩչһЩĹҪɢ
뵽ŷ統ҡҡͷͣˣ˫ۣȴεĶźӰֻҪԷʲôرĶܹһʱоĵ
ٺ٣СӣȻ㲻ˣǾͳҵֶΣ
ŷͣӰҲ΢΢˿漴ٶЦ꼼׷룡
ৡ
źӰĻ£ŷʱǿһöΪأ͸룬ٵĳ
֮˵öأΪŷоö뼴ʵ壬Ҳ۶ɣһַǳ۶ɵġ
ѵν깥𣿡
ſٷ룬ŷУҲһ˿Ĺâ깥ŷҲ֪һЩ๥רŹ꣬˷൱Ĺ졣
ǣ๥ȴҲ൱һ£ڴսһ˺Ȼһһ˵꣬ǻһʲôЧԿ㷴ΪʤɱС
ֻ깥ֶΣϹʱھΪϡ٣񣬸ʣ޼ȫЩռţûʲô¡
û뵽ŷ쾹ȻҼʶһ´˵е깥
ȻˣȻȽϺ棬ǹŷҲСϾ˵Ӱ깥˵ŷǻСǾɵˡ
ৡ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ򣬺Ӱö룬ҲѾǵ˹ŷǰ


155 ֱĹŷ
֮ͫмٷŴ׷룬ŷüͷҲ΢΢Ϊûõùŷ깥һļɵ
У깥Ϊ죬ңһζ㣬Ҳǰ취ֻ취ӽԷ壬Ӷһܹ˴Σ
Ժ֮еͷתţŷҲûţֱǽճȭһȭ׷Ϻ˹ȥ
͡
ŷȭͷ׷֮ϣ֮еĳûг֣һõùŷɫһ˲֮Ť
ʹʹ
ɲǼ䣬ŷֻһԴľʹȫӶ־ʹ֮£꣬Ʊ˺һܵļѪ
깥𣿹Ȼ鴫
Ƭ֮ǹɾʹʧʹȻûˣǹŷȴԵĸоԼ࣬͸壬Խ͸һЩ
˹ĹõùŷͷЩɵԶԶȳǿ󣬿ڸղһ֮£Ѿǳ׵Ļɢˡ
¸£Сӣô׷ζܰɣ
ŷһ˲ŤɫԶĺӰʱһĹЦŹŷЦСӣ㽻壬ҿԷһٺ٣ʱãٰһ壬ȫ𣿡
ٺ٣ð
ŷ¶һõЦݣЦֻҪ㲻ɱңҾͰ㣬ô
һ˵ţŷһ߳źӰ˹ȥ
ȻŷЦУȴû˿Ц⣬ڷɿͺӰ֮ľ롣
Ҫŷ罻壿ôܣ
ŷ֮Լװͬ⣬Ϊ˽ӽӰ깥ֶΣûУԣֱֻķⲫս
Ȼˣŷ֮¶ľģһûа취ҲһЩţ屶ڳ˵꣬ʰԷڳ˵꣬Ӧò̫ѡ
岽Ĳ
źͶԷľ벻ϵţŷУҲǽһ˿â
ȥɡ
ɣ
Źŷٴǰһȣͬʱŷһȭݺݵ˺ӰӰҲһȣٶʩչ׷롣
͡
Ƶ죬ͬʱ쳹𣬹ŷݺݵ˺ӰϣӰ׷룬ҲǺݺݵش˹ŷڡ
һ˲䣬˵ɫͬʱŤ
ŷ緢֣һΣԷ׷룬ƺСһЩɵ˺ҲԶԶһξ޴
ȻˣһľʹҲⲻ˵ġ
ǱŷһȭϵĺӰǲϵķḷ́ҲǾҵ
㣬Ƭ̺ǺӰŽͣŷĿУԭȵЦڵ
Ȼʩչ깥Ǳ˹꣬ȴǵһΣȻŷĹֻΪǳģ屶ڳ˵꣬һȭȥ׷ˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼң
ͳԺӰﴫ˳Уһ˿ĲȻԷûдӸղŵ깥֮лع
㲻Ҳһ𣿡
ŷ缥Цһĵ˵һ󣬻ɱֺαؼʵ˵ң
ֻˣҲܳ׵ƿ壬ԣֻӰЩɭȻĵ
ŷʼ磬Ц˵ҲЩԡȥɣ
µ˲䣬ŷٶȱһȭݺݵ˺Ӱ֮ϣɶȥ
Сӣȥ׷룡
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Ӱܴʩչ˼깥ģȻǼģ٣ŷǷ֣Էһε׷룬͸ӵСһЩ
׷룬Ҳ
ݵľʹ֮󣬹ŷ̲סĴЦһ󣬽һٶȳźӰ˹ȥ
ôܣ׷룬Ȼûлɢ
Źŷٶĳ˹Ӱʱ˼ļһľ飬ֻҪ깥Ʊػɢġ
ǰĹŷ磬ʵ̫ˣȻͬûµһҪ֪˹ŷȭǸоࡣ
ٺ٣㵽ظȥɣ
ŵĺӰŷϵЦԽŨ˼֣˫ȭ붯ݺݵسźӰȥ
顭
Ƶ죬ĲҽУҲٶһαŷȭӰĺѾĳ׵ɢȥ壬Ҳ͸ļҪȻʱĺӰѾܵ˼ش
ô깥ˣ㲻֣ҿɾͼ˰
ŵڵϣĺӰŷϵЦݣȴԽĲãɷ˵ģһȭһȭģݺݵغ˺Ӱϡ
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ҵ塭
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ٺ٣Сү壬ڣСү
˿ѾɢԵĺӰŷû˿ȭͷٶ𣬾һȭĻɢ
㡭㲻Ҫɱңҿ԰Ѷ󷢺׷㣬Ҫɱң
ӰУڸֳһ˿£ʼŹŷĵ


156 Լ
˻棿
ŷٶȻӶȭͷͣ˰գϸֳһ˿־ĺӰЦҲ㣡ԣ㻹ȥɣ
˵ţŷȭͷٶȺȻ
˵ĶģҲƭˣǲŵĻҿԷģ
ۿŹŷȭͷҪٶӰǱüЩĵĶǰ˳
źӰ˵ѵɫŷ۾΢΢˵ʵӰĻ꼼ڹŷ绹żģϾȹֶΣֱǷܹյĻһơ
ֻǣӰĻŷЩţ
ţŷĻӶȭͷͣЦ˵ĻҿŲǣʲô취ȫ㣬ȻĻҲҪ꼼ҲҪɱϾҵΣʵ̫ˣ
Ӱ΢΢һЦĵҵˣ㻹ʲôŵģĻѻ꼼ģ
ǲ˵滰ˣ
Ӱ˸ôܻӵĹŷ۾£ŷҲԸ˵ϻȭͷٶȾ𣬾Ҫݺݵ¡
ͣͣͣ˵˵
ƺǸܵ˹ŷĲͣӰжʱһţҲ˲æ˵ħһ壬һԼΪƽԼֻҪǩǩԼǲ˵ѻһ¾ܸоĵô
ƽԼȻֶ𣿡
ŷüͷ΢΢壬ԼŷڹżҵһżϿνԼʵͨĳֶΣ˴һֹϵֹϵһصάţһҪΥǻܵĳͷ
ֻ޽ԼķϹʱھʧˣԣŷǰһֱǰһִڿ
ֻû뵽ǰӰȻ֪Լ
ԼҲΪö֣ʲôǩԼԼԼȵȣƽԼֻһûԼԼһ㣬ϾͿԿóȻƽˣȻͲʲôԼ
뵽ŷһ˿⣬ЦƽԼǰɣΪҲ֪ƽԼûԼҪҷŹ㣬ԣԸҵ޽Լ
ʲôǩԼ
ӰһŭСӣ㲻Ҫ̫ʢǩԼҺʲôֱҲ룡
Ȼ㻹ȥɣ
ŷʼ䣬һ˿ΣȭͷҪٶȻӶ
ŷղ˵ԼʵΪ̽̽ǲԼû뵽ȻС
֪ԼĴڣŷ˼ֻܹǰӰǩһԼǾ൱ڣֶһ֮Ĵ֣
ţĴֻǺЩϴ½ǰһٮٮŷҲ˿塣
ãСӣݣҾͺǩǩԼ
һ֮󣬺ӰվǲȥϾţȻǩǩԼԺʧȥɣܹţһ뿪Ҳͦģ
һ̣Ӱֻ˵İοԼ
ٺ٣ͽˣǵðһ࣡
Ӱͬ⣬ŷϣʱ¶һ˿绨Цݣɿ˺Ӱ޽Լ
Լĵ޽ᣬҪȹŷ֮еļ࣬Ӱֻһŷ֮󣬱ǴüзɳһصȻ˹ŷԴ֮С
󣬹ŷǶһ˿ĸоãֻҪԼһ׵ĽӰء
Լ𣿹Ȼ棡
Լüģŷаզ࣬ûϣȻ飡
󣬹ŷͷһת̲סֻǣϾǺε֮ͨˣƿԼ֮ͨЩ֮ͨĸ֣Ҳ޷հɣ
ѵϣбָͨ𣿡
뵽ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷǵȴڣԶԶڵܹģҪģȥĪԪһҪ
뵽ĪԪŷбַһ˿ǣĪԪʵֻԪһת֮ǷݣѾܹһǷ⴦Σյż֮УɾЩˡ
ˣҪھͰ׷봫ڸ𣿡
ʱǺ͹ŷԼĺӰĵĴһ
ŷüֵ׷룬ǵʱ˵ɣȻصħڣȥĪԪʦ֣
ǵģˣ
Ӱĵ˵ͷӰһʧˡ
źӰʧŷʱãԼ¶ƿȨƤ΢΢һ˫ۡ
ڹŷ˫֮ԵħҲ˫ۣʱħ˫֮Уȴһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫŷģû뵽󲻵ûжɣŷǩԼ
ħеɫŷҲ΢΢һЦ˵ħǩԼҲǰˣİɣպʱʣһѰһʺϵ壡
лˡ
ħһ˿м֮ɫжڹŷ磬Ƕһϣ
ŷһЦҲԣһӵħıϣ߰ɣȥĪԪʦ֣
ħ˵޴ԴһŹŷ磬Ż˽ȥ


157 
ͨ˴֮ܶУħϵĹŷ磬΢΢Ŀвϳź֮Դͨ
׵˵Դ飬ĹͨԳ·ʱ䣬ŷǿʼ
ֻõùŷЩٵǣƾô̾ڵ֮Դ޶ԣõùŷ綼ЩɣⱾԴ֮ǲˣȻĻҲôݳһЩɡ
ң⻹Զ֮ԴǻǿշĻ֮Դǲ֪÷Ѷľأ
ͨԴһܳɹˣ
Ű֮󣬹ŷҲЩε˫ۣпЦһڵ͸ӵɽȴܶõһбԴ֮Ӳû˿취
΢΢ҡҡͷŷҲ϶ᣬϾѹͨŷţֻҪг⣬ܹɹ
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˿ͷ·ħŷһ˿棬󿪿ʵ
ˣԭ֮ʵħѷʵˣħĵ
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ŷüͷһ壬оɻ֮ɫ̲סʵ㲻߽ħ𣿲൱֮ǿôܳѷˣ
ˣѵ㲻֪֮ĵȼ𣿡ħ֮Уһ˿Ȼ֮ɫʵ
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ڹŷЩ뷨ʱħҲǻˣ֮ʵֻһͳƣΪԪ֮󣬱Ҫ٣ǱǰԪ֮ļȼͳΪ֮
֮ʵһ磬ֱΪѷ顢ġʵʥ֮Уÿһ磬ְ˳ڡڡȼ
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飬յ˼ﵽһ磬ֱգ⴩Խ
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֮һȽصľ磬һ磬ħ٣ȽٳɹԿȽʧܣ߻ħһħ٣Ϊѵһ٣
ħ쳹𣬡ʵ˼ʶһ磬ѾǿԳԼѧ򣬳֮䣬ľл֮
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ħĽ⣬ŷԭЩ̬ҲٶȻָ⣬ѾǿԿԪתߣԪ֮ʱ㲻ܿǿߣҲһһ֮ͨҲԶˡ
ڿ˵֮֮ͨʮǧĲ࣬ң֮ÿһĲ࣬غ蹵Խսı£ʱҲҪʧȥˡ
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ڹŷ簵ٵϢ֮ʱħҲǺȻõùŷľΪ֮һ
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ŷ۾΢΢һУź˸˵ȲҪȥˣԼȥУǵĹϵûȲҪ֪ȻĻɱôˣ»鷳
ǣˣħ˵޴Դͬ
ŷ΢΢˵ͷҲϻֱӰһħıԾ£ӽ֮ͨС

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̤ɫ֣ڰյĸһͷ׵ߣĿ֮Уǲм֮ɫ
ͷ׵ߣ촽΢΢һ˿֮ɫյƣɣֽƬ֮ڻǿɬһЦɿơ
ߣʶ֥࣬ӹ
вмɫԽŨ˼֣ͷ׵ߣ˵֮䣬ͬڷԸһ㡣
죬ĪǰѽҸˣ
ʱһӯЦõɫ΢΢һЩ
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ĽԪתǿߣʵ֮컹Ҫһ׷ֻԪһתʵҪ˵Ӳˣ㣬ûļǱһƺݺݵغؿ֮ϣѪ˳ȥ
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ĪԪΪʩչԪŽĵʮѾͬһλһ㡣
ĽǲĪԪĽǵʵԼ˱ŷҲôˡ
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СܵܣеĶ㣬㱣£첻ͬǣĽȴһĵЦݣŹŷЦ
ĽǣŷϺȻ¶һõЦݣðԸǣ
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Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫֣
ɫȻУһ˿ɱһԪһת֮ǸֱǶ衣
ĽϵЦҲһЩ˵Сܵܣ㲻Ϊ㣬ɣȻĻɲҪֽ㲻
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ŷĶǰһԵĪԪŻˣǹŷΪһʱ嶯ͽ֥Ūɾ˭Ҳ뿪ˡ
Լν˹ŷ磬ֻ¾ҲĿһ·ϣѾǷ˹ŷ̫ࡣ
ĪԪʦ֣̫ţ㶼ѾӦ˽֥ǣǻǽˣоֱСɣǲһѵʵͷ֮ޣŷ粢ûΪĪԪĻ֣еһЩ
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һߵĽǣȻû˵һԪתƣͬǺޱйңңĽŷ
ŷʦܣ
ĪԪû뵽ŷִţε̾һǳ壬˹ŷǰȻŷѾˣҲֻ֧֡
ٺ٣һԪһת϶һ鵤ڲ֪ߵغļһȻڤ粻飬ҽ֪֪ЩˣԶǲģ

£Ȼһ糤һ㱬𣬿񱩵֮䣬ͳŹŷĪԪйȥ
ĪԪʦСģ
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һգ⣬Ųϱ˵ĹŷĪԪһ˿мɫڰһתٶȳŹŷ׷ȥ
ٶǺε֮죿ǹŷ罫ӰȫҲǲ˲ֹһգ֮䣬˾ͱ׷
ŷʦߣ
ۿ·ˣĪԪɷ˵ĽŷһߣԼǳӭȥ
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ŷһæĪԪߣĪԪǲ԰׵˼µʱжʱһʹ
ȿȣŷʦܣߣ
ĪԪҵĿ˼ʹһѹŷ磬Ҫŷߡ
ֻĪԪʱܹƵöŷأ
ߣСӣǻ֥³ͻһʱ˹ŷĶ֮С
ڱ൱޴ڹŷĶʱȴֻõɫԽһЩ
ĪԪʦ֣ϢڣҾΪ㱨𣡡
е֥ǿӲĪԪУŷ绺̧ͷ죬һһĵ죬ʦ֣죬Ϊ
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ŹŷĻ£һɿ񱩵ƣȻͨڶһ˲䣬õĽˣɫޱ䡣


159 𾪵Ķ
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ǹԽѹƣĽǵɫǾһ䣬Ϊǹ֮£ǸоԼСͬϡ
ĽǲصɫŷУȴǽһ˿ڽζͷЦ
ͨȻƣȻԭħŷֻǴ㽫ĪԪ߱ã¶ˣ˭֪Ľǣֱˣ˿ĪԪ˷ɱɱ
ԣŷһŭ֮£Уħ´һ
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Ƶ죬ŵضɽҡ֮ƣĳŹŷ缸˿ǸԽԽĽǵɫҲԽѿ
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ڣһŭһͷȻҲĳ˼ǰõó˹ŷ֮⣬˵ɫһ˲
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ŷʦܣħǲˣڵ״϶߲ˣסϽߣ˵ţĪԪվ
ٺ٣ĪԪʦ֣ȲҪż£˭߻һأŷһЦ
ǡĪԪ˵Щʲôȴŷֹˡ
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ڹŷĪԪ̸۵ʱĽǣҲǻһۣ󼸺ǲԼͬģͬʱΣź汩˳ȥ
ħ϶ŹŷĪԪѪŵģԣ̾ߵĻӦòܵħĹ
ǷڼǰħˣֻħѾԭħˣԣĽǣע˾һ硣
𡭡
ĽǾҪߣħʱŭһһ㣬ֱõһɫ԰
Ҳݵ֮ͣ䣬ħ޴ҲѾٶȳǰһţһħ棬ǳֶȥ
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ſ֮еĽζǰߵ¶ȣĽǣֻͷƤһըɫ΢΢һ
û뵽ħȻܹŷˣֱѵߣħע⣿
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̶ʱ֮ڣĽǣҲֻ뵽ܣħ͹ŷǩԼ֮£Ǳ˵벻ˣŷڸǣҲš
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չ֮䣬ǱĽ֣Ҫ֡
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ųƵײ֮ڵͨǺݺݵز˲ѿ˼޴ѷ졣
ĪԪʦ֣˿һЩ
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ĽǣȻ·ıȽãһȴɷ׵˼㣬û˿ѪɫԣǱϣһ˿ѪǾƾ󣬴ҹı˿ˣΪһѪأ
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ôһ˲䣬ŷΪˣеһ˿뿴֪ħ֮Ĺϵʱֻôһֱ顣
뵽ŷҲͲڳɣЦɱ
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Źŷ绰£ħʱٶŭһĽ˹ȥ
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ȻʱħĹ˸𾪵ȴǣŷ羹Ȼָܹħһʲô


160 û
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ŹŷĻĽ˵࣬Ǻݺݵز˲ŨŨĲ֮ɫʵ벻Ϊʲô˿ֲħŷĻ
һ̣ĽǲţŷԵĪԪһ𾪵ĿŹŷ磬֮󣬷Ųʵŷʦܣ⾿ô°ΪʲôħĻʱ䣬ʲô飿
ĪԪʱı飬ŷЦҡҡͷĪԪʦ֣һѾȽ˴֮ٺϸ˵
á
ĪԪҲ֪ڲ˵ʱ΢΢˵ͷŵһ࣬ȴʵʵڵ˶
Ȼŷħô˵Ľˣǽż֮еĸֶһҲǹŷĶ֡
ĪԪķģĽˣʱȴǳӶˣ֪ŷָܹħǻǹŷʲô
һ֥ȻȽ󣬵ҲûС󰡣
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ĽĸӵʱħӴҲٶǰһţҪٶȹˡ
ȵȣλСֵܣдȣǣСֵ飬͵ǶˣǷһ飡
ۿħҪٶȹˣĽǵУʱ΢΢һתһԵĹŷ
ŷüëֹħʵĽǣŷҲǱűɱľġ
ϾȻţȴҲûʲôޣΪŴεѣŷҲħˡ
ȻˣȻ˴ʱǹŷҲô׵ķŹˣ˿ԵĪԪЦô֪ˣǴʦֵʱôͲ֪£ôͲ֪
˶٣ŷ绹Щĵħ´ʱǶˣѾǱͬɱһģɱ˰ɣʣ㣿
СӣĪҪ֪ôѾǸ㻹
챾һ԰ˣϴ½һĵһҶûзһǰħ֮ѵͷʱŷһʣŭ룬̲סĺȵ
һԵĽǣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻҲЩŭ
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ŷ۾΢΢һУ֮ͫУź̲סıЦҪɱǣͿ⶯֣Ҫɱǣûˣƾʲôô˵˵ƾʲô
ŷԽԽʱ䣬û۸Ǳһ׷ɱֱһֱߣһ׮׮һһֱѹͷõùŷͱһڶ
ʱ̬ȣһһ㣬׵Ľŷеķŭȼ˿
ŷһ裬ĽǵɫҲһ࣬һףѿ˼㣬ǰԱߵħͳȥѹŷʬˡ
ʱȴֻܽݡ衱ĵס

ŷ緢йһҲǺ࣬˵ǷǶԴҾͲ˵ˣȻҵô͵ðҵĹ죡
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ѪΣԪݣ
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۾һУҪٶȷϾŷʵЩˣߣǵڸˣ캦һС
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ķ֮ﻹδڣǱĽǵ񣬸ݺݵĵ˻ȥֻΪʵһĽЦãǴӦ
ĽǾȻˬľʹӦŷ絹ЩˣٶȿĽǵĿ֮ʱҲǶЩ䱸֮ɫ
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ȻˣĽǲ򵥣ŷҲ£˵ͷŵõĺöóɣ
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ŹŷĵĽǺɫͬʱѿⲻǵ̫ˣ
ŷɫı任۾ȴȻһ˱飬ֻ˵һ⣬ǾõĶܺãǳã
ȻĻ˵ңΪ֮ɫ䣡
СܵܣǳûٰĽ۾΢΢䣬ûֱӴӦŷҪ󣬶ǿŹŷ磬˵
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ŷǺȻһѣЦҲܱ侮ʯҪǿϲٰɣ٣ҲҪǵĶ֮󣬻Ҫǵ˵أ
ߣСܵܣҪˡ޷Ӧ㻹ǻһɣĽһʱЩƿԣֻת
޷ӦҿǲӦɣ
ŷЦһڻǵĪǣǾãǵȲЩ˵ĻҾֻܽɱ֮ԼٶˣΪҲãǵûЩ󣡡


161 ջķ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫֣
ŷһĽǣ嶼ǲЩŵĺĵӣĸ˼ǹģʱܹ裿
ǣǰԭֻɱСȴƫƫȫȻһ裬ȴ޿κΣ
ڵӣĽɨŷЦǸսԼѡɣȻˣİħŭʲôҲ֪
˫ӺݺݵصŹŷ磬ƺ޲óȥݺݵҧڣƳһԻħ֮󣬱Ȼ
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Ŀ˹ŷĪԪһۣһת˲֮䣬ûӰ
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ĽǺߺ󣬹ŷǶħԸһĪԪ£ոյֵѪκ;ԪݣԼ֥һԵĸĪԪȥ
Щ֮ĪԪǽ״̬֮Уŷ磬óĽǺĴ
ĽǵĴУһʯ֮⣬ʣµľƴСİʯС
ŷԵյһ£һѵʯʮ飬ǹżң֮ҲֻһʯЩǵĵӣЯ֮࣬ɴҲܿó˴֮Ĳˡ
󣬹ŷǽĿ⣬ʯ֮ϣһ˿ȡͨһڰʯ֮еĶǶǱȽġ
һЩڴŷ˵һʯУʱ䣬һ˵㣬˱Ƕõùŷ綼̲ס
ڰʯ֮УһԲĵ裬и뵰Сͨ͸Өģǵ֮УһֻС񣬿ϸһ£ȴʲôԵΪء
˰죬ŷҲʶⵤ΢΢ҡҡͷֻܽźã󣬽ڶʯд˿
ڵڶʯ֮УһƬƴСɫƬƬȻֻаƴСȴ쳣أŷе˵࣬ǲ°ٽ
ֻǣƬʲôãŷһͷˮ
󣬹ŷֽʯи˿ŵģһˮ顣
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֪Ľ֪˹ŷ뷨֮󣬻᲻Цı
Ż˴УŷֽĴ˿ȻĽǴеŷһҲʶȴֻ֪ÿһǼֵǡ
ĴĽǵĴȣԵøɰͰ͵ˣֻһһƴСɫС
ɫССȴȫڽӦоУȥЩ
һȥСȴõùŷ۾Ȼһ貵Ĺâ
ΪģΪС֮ϵĲЩһޣȻСҲһ
Ҳ֪ǲǹŷԼĴܾãС֮ϵĲĽǵҪǿϼ֡
ЩϲİɫСð󣬹ŷ緽ŽŽ˴УȻ̾ɫСȻ˵زʱ
Ĵŷ¶һЦݣһεջ񣬿νΪḻģȻˣһУҪлĽǺĹס
ѹͷϲãŷ罫ĿĪԪϡ
ʱĪԪڷ֥Լ侫ҩ֮ɫһۿɼٶȣù⻬ƽ
ϵ壬ڽţСĪԪٶȻָ˶ʮҵòֻΨһõùŷЩľǣĪԪͷһ룬ǰɫġ
ѵĪԪʦĵûȫô
΢΢üŷЩֹ˵ҩҩԽĪԪĵˣĪԪһͷ׷ȴɴڡ
ڹŷΪ֮ʣĪԪ۾Ҳ΢΢һ˿ڵ֮ͫУҲٶȻָյɡ
ĪԪʦ֣оôŷĶĪԪʵ
Ҹоǰδеᣬ֮У˻һ㣡ĪԪЦŵ
ŷ΢΢˿Щɻĵͷӣ
ǺǣӾӰɣʵҲͦãңڲ˰ҵͷˣĪԪĿû˿ɫ
ĪԪˣŷҲͷ󣬱ǽԼħǩԼ飬ϸ˵һ顣
ħħԼջ֮Դ飬ŷȴδἰϾʱһСģĪԪڣٲ֮ء
˱һͨŷȴûֱ뿪ֵǻϷ麮ʯ̨źĪԪħһ𣬳ȸի


162 һ˿ˮ֮
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˵ĻǾڴ˱ɣϣټ֮ʱҴһ˵꣬ĪԪȹŷػչΣԶ˳ȥգ֮䣬Ѿʧʡ

ĪԪԶȥӰŷЩʧ̾˿ܿģٶʰ飬˼ᶨĹâ
ϾĪԪͬźܶҪֹħȥڴĸףÿһҪǿʵܡ
ԣֻлᣬŷͲܷҲҷ
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ϣһλǽңħȻڣٺ٣Ҳ֪ùСӣûУӵУһ˿ֻɫЦ
ߣ˻á
һȻǶԹŷĪԪԹһתż֮У࣬Ƕ˵ʵԱ⣬Щǣ

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üͷ΢΢һ壬Ϊʵĵ߰ɣȥ
䣬˱չΣĪԪȥķ򣬼˳ȥ

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ŷϰལѾһʱ䣬һ˿ˮ֮ƣȴûա
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һֱ޷ˮ֮ƣΪལ֮ʣ
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һΣŷеĶ£ͷһһһСںһһ㡣
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ģŷĽʼһ˿仯֮䣬ˮһ㣬޼Ѱ㿴Ǵ̳һǵȵǰʱȴ֣һ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼ
Ҫ񵲵Ļֻ֣ᷢһǴģټ٣ټ棬ǱĪ⡣
ৡ
һ⣬ԹŷӶǿ䣬ն꣬޿ײ룬޼Ѱ
һ̣ŷǳ׵ˮ֮Уһ˿ˮ֮ƣ
֮󣬹ŷͣеĶ֮ϣһĨÿĻȣЦԭˮ֮ƣϰལ֮ʱѾһԣһǽˣ
պãŷǽԺ֮еĸ򣬳׵һ飬ŷɽ֮С
ɽǹŷĪԪֱ֮֮䷢ֵģûʲôĿ꣬Աס
һֱħǱŷϵԶ֮УϾôһߣŷҪҲһ׵顣
һ˿ˮ֮ƣŷȴǲԵĽϾڵż˵ʲôʱͿˣԵĽʱ֮ڣҲǺջ
ԣŷǽ⣬ǱɫС֮ϡ
ɫС󱮲ͬһʵ֮ŷѾǼǿԽսĴڡ
ǹŷɹɫСҿ϶ٴһ޷սʤԷǶԷҲκá
ɲһ֮ڼ䣬κ˴ţԣħŷҲ׶
ȻĻһţҪܵɵģˣߣ絹˶пܡ
ԣһҪһȫ֮ء


163 
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ϾڣһЩΪʵѰһԵˣ󲿷ֶǼʣΧ
ЩʵˣҲǳżĳڷȥŷҪȥǴ֣ȲҲٳڷԣǱȽϰȫġ
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ৡ
ڹŷ绰µ˲䣬еɫСȴȻһ⣬ֱŷüĶȥԴ֮С
ͷûʲô֮󣬹ŷ΢΢˿һɫСƾճУԵΪء



164 ŷǰ
˷ʵ֮߱󣬹ŷ緽ͣеĶ󻺻˳ȥ
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꼼õ֮һ˵꣬ΪĲ֣꼼һʩչã޷˵УܻԼ޴ķɡ
ԣʩչ꼼ʱ֣һҪֵСģɴ⡣
ͨħĽ⣬ŷڻ꼼˵꣬Ҳһ̵˽⣬꼼ʵҲ͸似ͬһ
Ψһͬľǣ似õɵ˺Ҳϵģ꼼õɵ˺ϵġ
Ժ֮ĬĬĻħĻ꼼֮󣬹ŷ۾΢΢һգ񣬷Ƴ뵽֮С
ʱ򣬹ŷ񿴵Լ꣬ܵԼ꣬Ĭھ֣һص۳һ״
һŷָö룬õȻǣʱö룬ȻȻɢˣٶȱص
΢΢һ֮󣬹ŷǻ˫ۣ۾һ˿ƣ֮ɫȻֻǸղŵһϰѾٵ
Цҡҡͷŷε꼼ҲǰϰģɹˣҲƵʩչģʵ̫󣡡
ţŷҲǰס˼ϰ꼼뷨ħҪ˶ã͸ÿˣǴ㣬̫ҡûʲôõİ취ߣ
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Ȼڹŷ绰֮ûãħǺ¡¡ңŷħУҲһ˿ء
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֮󣬹ŷ绺۾һ˿ƣ֮ɫһš
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ܹڽ֮ǰ׷룬ǾһƣѰԪתǿߣС˹ŷ׷룬ҲȻǹһˣʱ򣬹ŷҲܹûΣա
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ڹŷ΢΢֮̾ʣڵҲѾңң
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ʵҲҺùŷ˾ȻĻȥѾ֮ٸϵڵҲѾˡ


165 ȥ
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ŷһУˮ֮ԺΪһС
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Źͷ󺺵Ľ˵ŷ緽νˣԭӡ


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ԣһŷڱصá
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ۿͭɫĹҪŷжʱһ壬ǳź汩˳ȥ

ŹŷٻǰĿռ䣬ʱٶ˺ѶһŴſֲµħ棬ѷ֮ӿ
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ŷ磬ƺҲҶ΢΢˸Уһ㡣
ˣҶǺĿ⣬ԼĻŷȴǲмһˣûٶȴҶߵħǰкħ̸š
ڵħν⵽˼㣬ؿڵһѪΣգǲܼʱĻһغ
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һһ㣬˹ŷǰ񱩵֮ӿݺݵسŹŷؿȥ


173 ܾ˵Ĵ
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ʱŷнһһƴСɫСУȻթǰ
죬ŷ֪Լûκεʤ㣬뵽ƣӲƣҲΪ죬׵Ķɾ衣
Ϊֻ֪쳹׷ɾʱܳ䲻⣬شһ
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ŷڵϣĳ죬Ҳǽ˷׷׾˹Уһ˿֮ɫ
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174 ֮Դ
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ŷ絹ڵϣ۶ʱһƿҶӵ˹ŷԡ
۸ܵŷʱ״֮ʱɫͳ׵Թŷʱ״ֵܹڣѾһ漣ˣˣֻһغˣ
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175 һ

һ֮УȻһŭĺ𣬳Ƶͬըһ㾪죬õռ䣬΢΢˲
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ڴ棬̨ף̨֮ϣڷһʱһλЩϵӣ֮ϣĿ
ȻոյһȣλĿ
ӵ·ʮӰһɫˣŮɫ죬ȴǹվţҳԡ
ڴ룬ʱվһŮӣŮɫľګȴһ˿֮ɫɫӣСţȴվû˵ʲôֻǽͷţһģ

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ΪϵӣЦŵ˵ͷһγѪ乥Ī䣬Ī䣬ûΣһĻԵԵĹؼСϣ

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˵Щɣ֪һ壬ѵ࣬һɱ⡣
ȻΪԼŮԵʣӲɱǸ࣬ҲԲ䳶Ϲϸ𣬲ȻĻʱֻĪ䣬ҪվһĶˡ
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ȻӵĻȴЦҡҡͷ峤ԵǲǸϣһҲ֪ңϣҲȻûͳĵ
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峤֪Դ˴γѪĽżְգ
ϲûֱӻشӵ⣬ǴЦһȻת˳Ѫ֮ϡ
һ˿أ˵Ѫ䣬ǷԲʮ֮УΪǿһ䣬ңѪ䣬ȺѾûĪĲ䣬Ҳ̽ӻرѪ䣬ʮո֣һո֣Ƕո֣ո֣
˵ӵɫԽĳŵĪ䣬ҺҲո֣յ峤֮⣬༸ˣһո֣ͳѪ䣬û˿ĿɱԣһѪĪ䣬Σӣ
ȻĪ䣬ڳѪĽ£û˿ʤ㣬峤ʲôѵܹҪİϻ̾
⡭
һʱԶԣ֮󣬰˰ֵ£жᣬǶȥɣ䣬г˴
֮ˣҲǷ׷׸˳ȥĴ֮Уһʱ֮䣬ֻʣӰ
峤ִ̫ţܹͨĪ䣬䵽ľ棡
ӽԶȥıӰϣʱЩʹĵĵͺһһϣ֮ɫ
ٺ٣ӣĵԽԽˣȻҹ峤ǲ֪
ϵĻո£һЩڽ仰ȻҲһλߣȻģλߣϣԸ
ߣĪΪҲ֪ʵͺͳѪ乴һˣ峤ͽͱˣţ
ɫЩһ֮УһĨŭӿ֡
ΪĪӣ۾΢΢Уͫһ⣬ΪѾСˣû뵽ǱԷˣ
ųѪϾҪĪˣĪϣһ˿޿֣Ц峤ٺ٣ҿǲҶҰɣ˷Ҳܵ峤Ī峤ӦȻĻⲽأ
˵Ī˶٣ŵӣʶĻûǹңѪĪ֮ʱҾµĪ峤ʱĪҴ죬Իͣ
ߣ㲻ΪѪĪɣˣʱֻµһģ㣡ЦһٴĪŴ˳ȥ
ӵıӰĪɫ׵˵ģҲһֱǵģֻʵֻһ֮ųѪŵ֮⣬ûκεİ취
ߣࣿҽϢѪĻ˵Ļŵԣ
뵽ĪУȼϣҴҵ뿪Ī˳ȥ
Īոߺ󲻾ãӰͬʱ˴֮УȻϺĪ峤
û뵽ĪȻıĪ䣡ĿⶢŴ֮⣬ӵϣһ˿Ц֮ɫ
峤һ͸˵ȴţھ֪ˣҲΪʱϿɬҡҡͷŵ̾
ˣز㽫ɱˣҲ޲ֻǣĪ䣬ܹȹ˴εΣ𣿡̾һЩϣĿ⣬Եϣʵ
ǹؼСϡ
ϵ˵ͷŵղţĪ棬ҹû˵Ϊ˸Ī䣬һ߻ᣬȻĻóѪֻ֪Ī䣬ûлˣ
ϣĪ䣬ܹȹһνѰɣ
Щп̾һ˵߰ɣȥ࣬˵ʵڵģһأ֪ǲǳĺһ
˵ţ˱ͬʱг˴סķȥ


176 ŷ

ԺдһʹŷƤ΢΢˲󻺻
ֻӳģȴһƬİĻɫģɫģµĴ̣ɫġ
ǰС䣬ŷУһ˿Ի֮ɫﰡҲǻڵ֮𣿡
ЩɻԴƬ֮󣬹ŷ绹ûκεļ䣬뵽ҲֻܿЦһ˫µ״Ҫ
˻
΢һʹǸо壬ͬ˺һľʹݲ䣬̲סķһͷ֮ϣһ˿ˮ
һ֮󣬹ŷֻͽ͵ڴϣ΢΢Ŀ뵽ڣ۲ڵ״
ã̫⣡
ŷ翴ڵ״֮󣬱΢΢˿ΪڣȻŶദ𣬵ȴرֻҪ˹գӦþͿȬ
ֻܿģŷüͷܰҼǵãڵ״ӦǷǳŶԣȻĻҲ赹ѵʱ䵱Уʲô飿
뵽ܣŷ絹ǾúеڣЩѾ̫ҪˣҪĻǣȰ
ϾֻܹģûʵӵĸоŷǾûʲôȫС
ţŷҲͱ˫ֱۣŽ״̬֮С
ȻõЩ̫ϰߣʱҲûʲôõİ취Ҳֻ˴պˡ
ף֮Դ
Ȼڹŷת澭˵ʱһɫС߰ĶȴǺȻĸ֪УҲϵɢһɫ㣬뵽Ƥ֮С
֮Դôܳģһֱ֮𣿡
Ժһ˿ɻ󣬶ŷҡҡͷˣڻΪأ֮Դ˺֮ٹ۲ɣ
뵽ŷ㲻ܣȻһ̣ŷǵɴ۾ֻ֮Դ֮ڵһЩƣȻǼΪٵţƬ֮䣬ȻѾǻָԭû˵ʱ򣬶Ҫǿϼ֡
󣬹ŷҲܹµڵ֮Ծô㣬ƶ֮ԴĹ͡
û뵽֮ԴȻ˵ĹЧ
ͷһ˿ϲɫŷ簵ţһĻǲԺҾͲˣ
ȻˣͷҲڹŷԺ֮һţϾ˭û¸ȥأǲ񾭲
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܳ׵Ĺ֮ͨԴ֮ǰ֮ܶԴĻҲᱻˣ
뵽죬ŷУһɺ⣬ĵ죬Ҷҹŷһ죬ܹԽǣʱ򣬶
кݺݵطһ֮󣬹ŷʱ׿Щ뷨ת澭֮Դ
֨ѽ
ڹŷ״̬֮󲻾ãǼСݣȴǺȻ˿һӰ
ӰǸŮģòȻ֮Уһˣ
ߣᣬҪҽඪȥҾƫ
߽֮޺޵ֹһ䣬ߵ˹ŷԣһ˿ģ
ôûѹѵѾ𣿡
Źŷ翴˺ð죬ŷûж֮ܿģҡҡͷӦѽкأ˵඼ҪģֻҪкǾ˵û
ǣûô
貵֮Уһ˿֮ɫ޺޵ԼĶͷȻˣһ˯ˣ˵඼Ҫ˯ģ
˵һ˿ۣ૵Ҳ֪˯Ǹʲôо϶ܲأãֿԳԷ˯һ壬ȴʲôܸɣûأ
Ȼǲ֪֮ȴһֲģȫ価˹ŷĶ֮С
ŷȻ˹ˣôһİĻ֮УȻҽȵ֮ˣǿĸ֪ǽ䶼˽ȥ
ˣһʱ򣬹ŷѾ֪ˡ
Ϊ˰ȫŷ粢ûһץʱˣһĵع۲һһ
ŷʱҲ̲סˣŮӣ뷨ĺܵһĺͯһ㡣
УŷҲһЩؼϢǾһ壡
һ徿ʲô尡УΪʲô˭ģһʺţڹŷԺ֮һʱ֮䣬ȴ͵ò𰸡
𣿡
ʱŷڵķ֮⣬ȻһȽϵ
ŷԴ˱ȽİûʲôоУȴһ˿ңеĵô찡ˣ϶Ұߵģѽҵظô찡
˵˵ţ֮УǴһ˿ǻõùŷů֮࣬Ҳ棬ʵ벻ʲô飬ܹһ塣
ǵ˵Լеı飬ŷΪǱһЩ֣۵αأ
ˣȰڴ£Ϳˣ
ʱ۾Ȼ뵽һΪܲ⣬һѽŷ羾һ˴¡

ĽŷʵЩˣû뵽ȥЩŮӣȻôֱǰ˴£ı¡
ܿģŷעֱһ˵̸˹ȥ
ǸأӣҲĪ峤ķ֮һҳ
ŶҸˣ
ЩҵӦһ˵ţ˸ӵĶȻЩľûʲô̫ı飬ӣΪĿɰ
ˣ
ЩЦЦĿ˿ⲽߣ˵ԼأǵԼأǵҳĻɾİ˰
ôǸ࣬ҾȻģ㲻ԣ˵ţܵߣߣ۽ĵسһ۴£ƺ˿
ѾͷҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼûۿ龰Ÿ֪ȴۿûҪʵһЩŷĶʱҲΪ̾˿
ֻùŷɻǣǸӣʵԲףҲԪ֮ȴûø֪̽ȻĻһţҵλˡ
ѵνһ壬ᶯø֪Ȼ䣬ŷԺðһͷ
ͷӿ֣ŷԽÿܣȻĻӹⶺģʱҲ̽һɣϾÿߵϰߡ
Լÿһط֪̽̽һģԼļңҲˣ⵽κˣһ߳ʱɵϰߡ
ǺǣǰǸ࣬ص˰ɣ
ȻĶûùӵ۾һ̣ӱЦеĳʵ
ûа
һ˿ңȴԾӲ
ǺǣˣӳȥģúչˣʹȥЩ飬Ҫˣˣ
˵꣬ԴȻ̤Ųӣ˳ȥ


177 ͨԴ
أ
뿪СҲǳ˿һ˿֮ɫ־ôİոջҰӳȥһתۣҪҺúչǵģ
ٶߵߣһѽŷӴһ˴ϣЩ֣תгСݣ

뿪ٻӰŷСѾͷģҲ̫һЩɣѵ֪ں
ΪεĿЦһŷǽ񣬳׵ĳڣʼһһ
ʮʱ䣬һζʮһʱ򣬹ŷյȴǺȻ˿֮ͫеƣ֮ɫѾȡ֮ģһݹ̬֮
״֮Ϸ𣬹ŷݺݵչһǣһž죬ϣҲ¶һ˿ܵı顣
ǻָĲˣӵĸоã
ĺһŷʹȭͷٶȻ֮䣬̲ס¶һ˿õЦݡ
ʮŷڵƣѾȫָȻûлظ۷̬֮Ҳ鵤ڵľ磬ָ۷壬Ҳֻʱ⡣
Ҳ֪ôˣָ˶ˣ
Ժ뵽ħŷ΢΢һŸӦħֻһӦȴõĹŷ΢΢һ
ȻܸӦħĴڣŴϢʱȴûյκεĻӦֻ˵һ⣬ħǳ⣬޷Ӧ
üͷ΢΢壬ŷУһ˿֮ɫħڣȻһħ꣬źǩԼҲͲħˣǱͬ飬ǣħƣħ˶У¾ҪһӰˡ
֮ܵԴͺˣ֮Դ˹Чҵƣ٣ȴɺܿľͺˣƣ֮Դİ£ҲܿٵĻָֻǿϧһ֮Դ
ЩЦҡҡͷŷȥˣһ˲ϱһת˿ϲ֮ɫ
ԭиոħʱͻص֮е֮ԴȴǺȻݳһ˿ѺõϢ
Ҫ֪ŷ֮ǰûٹ֮ͨԴֻ֮ԴһֱûκεĻӦû뵽һΣ֮ԴȻĸһ˿ѺõϢ
ĪǣѾԺ֮Դͨˣ
뵽ܣŷҲǼæ֮ԴݳһѺõϢȻһ̣֮Դָص˹
Ȼˣ
һ˿ϲɫŷٶȻص״֮ʼ֮ԴͨȻ֮̾ԴæȥħˣȴֲҲֻ֮ĺ֮Դͨš
㣬ԼС󣬹ŷоʱѾ죬֮ԴݳҪæͼ
һΣ֮Դȴû̾ͻָŷ磬õһģҲǽᵽɤۡ
ӣʮӡ
ԼСʱ֮֮ԴûκεϢݶõùŷУ̲ס΢΢һΪ֮Դæʱ֮ԴȴٶһϢݶõùŷϣ̼䵴һ˿õЦݡ
Ϊ֮ԴӦԸħ
֮ԴҲһǾֻܽħκãƣܡ
Ȼõùŷ΢΢ЩϧҲɺܸˣ٣ƣƣħͿԼָˡ
ţŷҲǼæħǸĿռٻ˳Ȼõùŷһռ䷴ɣʱѾǹ˲ϴ̫ˡ
ħ޴帡ֱ֣ǽСݣռ˴룬һЩΣǸѹ˲٣õùŷ¶һ˿ЦԼȻᣬ˽
ʱħ֮ǰĹŷһޣ׵Ȼ֮Уһ˿޵Ϣţûг׵ȥ
״û˹ܵĻֻģҲһغϾħѾ˻֮УͲԼˡ
صƣһֱһֱȥɣҲꡣ
Ҷʱ䣬ŷ缱æƣħϣͬʱҲں֮Դͨš
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷһһɫС߰ĶħǾ޴֮С

˴ʱŷҲǳ˿еһʯǳ׵˵ء
ڴͬʱŷҲ̲סĿЦһֻ½ܳһʱ䣬޷ٶȽħˡ
ԺҲõ͵һЩأ
ţŷҲǽħٶȷŻǸĿռ֮УϾħ̫󣬶ϤĻ𲻱Ҫ鷳ǸĿռ䣬ȻÿٻһΣҪһЩռ䷴ɣ٣ע⡣
ЩŷҲ״˳ȥ
ڣҲǼ˵ʱˣһʲô壬˼Ҿûбܶĵ
ף˯
ڹŷոŶʱһҲһӰǳ˹ŷǰǺĴŹŷ硣
ǰŮӣŷ粢İǾʮҲһֱտȻʲôûŷУǺܸмԷġ
ǰɣллңŷΪòĵ˵ͷл

ЦһЩ˼İ˰֣֮еĵ⣬֪УڿǷǳõġ
ǰɰŮӣŷϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǻҪҲǸѡٲôĹĶǡ
ȥɣһЩ飬Ҫأŷ΢΢һЦҲƣЦ
ðҵҲҪأ
˵ͷŹŷ磬һȥ
ŷ磬磬ʲôİ
ŷ磬˯ĸоʲôӵİҲԳأ
ŷ磬඼ʲô
һ·֮ϣͬһ汦һ㣬ϵŹŷһЩǧٹֵ⣬ŷҲĵһһĽţ֮䣬ŷҲѯʼһ⡣
ͨĽͣŷҲǶһ壬һ򵥵˽⡣
壬֪Դںʱһֱʹһ㣬ǲҪԷҪ˯ÿΪţӡ
ŷĽǣ壬ƳǱɱĻһٻ
˶ĺôֱͬһ㣬֪֪ҪĽء
ȻˣϣûʲôʮȫʮĶһЩõĶǱȻģҲһЩõĶ
Ψһõıǣս
սֻΪ飬ÿһ죬ˣսУҲһЩ̲ūۡ
˵սԭǣԷɵԼʵԼ
һǳֵƽʱͻʵɱһЩˣԷɵʵҲȵ
ԣһЩ֮ˣǲϵսʵ

ܿģĴ£ŷһ֮УʱУѾվ˲Ӱһɫģһ塣
ڴλ϶ŵӰȻȥǸˡ


178 
̤ŷĿ⣬ΧЩӰ֮ϻɨĿ⣬λ֮ϵǵӰϡ
Сӹŷ磬峤л峤ľ֮ŷ΢΢˹л
Ǹࣿ
λ֮ϵӣ۾΢΢Уʵһľ⣬Źŷ籬ȥͬҪһ㡣
֮еˣҲǽԺͽ䱸Ŀ⣬˹ŷϣ֮䣬Ÿֵ
ȻЩˣ࣬żĽ䱸
ΧЩ˵Ŀ⣬ŷУһ˿Ȼڸոʱ·ϣǺ˵һЩһ¼ͨĻŷҲĸ֮ܵжĿܡ
Ժ֮Щ뷨ʱ򣬹ŷϣҲ¶һ˿ƵЦݣ˵ͷҾȻǸࡣ
йŷǰɣ
ޱĿŹŷ磬ŷͷ֮Žŵһ壬Թͺ岻磬Ҳûʲô֪ͨôģʲôĿģ
ͱ˵Ŀ⣬ŷüͷҲ΢΢壬òصôģԼҲǺ֪飬ĿĵĻҾ͸ӵûˣΪҸͲ֪ϣһ壡
˵ŷ粻˵ٶȽŵһĽ䱸Ҳ̸峤ģСӲǶ֮ˣжңҲ˺ǣ峤ܹ뿪ķ̾뿪
ӵ۾΢΢УðŻջĿ⣬һĸղŵͱˣǻһЦЦŷСֵܣ㲻Ҫ֣ոֻҪ̽һ£Ͼ飬Ҳ֪ǲò
ﲻҵ峤ĹǣСסŷɫҲ΢΢һЩ
ãĪ仹ûΪ˸Сֵܽӷ磬Ī䣬ͬӴЦ
峤Ӣ
ʱǰ̤һ΢΢˹˵
ãһֱվڹŷԵҲЦ˵һǴʱϲʣȥˡ
ҲЦеĵ˵ͷվȥ׼
峤˼
ʱһʱ˵Ȼõգǹһ䣬ŷУҲһ˿֮ɫĿ⳯˵֮˿ȥ
ֻ˵֮ˣͬһӣԼ꣬ȴ͸һ˿ϣˣȻѾͶ˳ѪĪ
Īϣ֪ʲô˼
ӵɫҲЩĪ֮Уһ˿Ī֮ɫ
峤һѵ࣬ɱ⣬ȴҪдСӣĪǣõĪ䣬վһĶ𣿡
΢΢˶٣Īŵңһ壬СҲǼɵԵʣСĻĻĪ䣬Ҫѽ
ĪĻò˵ȻȴżЧ
µһ˲䣬֮гӺ֮⣬ˣɫǱ任ŷĿУٶȷһĨɵ
ĪĪҪƻģλСֵȣô˺ǵ飿
ϺݺݵصһĪӵ峤һѵ˭δۼǲ£˭֪αΪһĪеѵͺΪУ
˵е
ӵ˵ͷĪĪϣҲ֪ΪĪ룬£̫ˣ㻹Ҫ϶ѧϰǣ
ߣ峤Ī˵࣬ı죬ĪҪΪһ֮ɲصĴĪ䣡
Īһŵ峤ҪͿµĻҲĪ£Ѫرˣ
ĪôĵӣѪѾųҪ֮󹥴Ī䣬ȴͳѪرĪǣѾͶ˳Ѫ䲻ɣ
ʱһİ׶ߣݺݵָĪıӣŭ
ߣҾͶΣ˽壬ǷĴɣĪһ壬ҪǴϾ·Īһ˵ǴȻ
ʱҲƹˤһˣʮǰȥϢ߳Ѫʱ򣬳ѪֻǺƽĻһ仰֮ʣĪң³֮ĪĪƹܡ
ԣΪܹƹĪ䣬Īνƴű¶ΣգҲҪٽŷͷƻڳˡ
ӺĪ磬ŷȴԹۣ˴ʱҲ˸ˣ޷ǾĪѱˣҪꡣ
Ī峤ҲǸӣΪʲôǣԲҶְˡ
ǸСһĪŷȴЦȻڵʵûȫָҲ鵤֮ǾҪһҲ൱Ԫһתˣ൱ɵġ
ŷȻ⣬ǲ˲⣬ĪĻڵ֮༸ˣɫǿʼ任ԥ
ȻĪĻ֮£Щ˵˼Ѿǿʼҡ
ˣ˵棬ɺͳҪˣ¾ôˣȥɣ
ʱλ֮ϵӣЩͷıһϺĪϵ׵ѹȥ
ɫЩĿĪĪϣδҵ˽Խ¸֪ˣ˴ɣͷһ£
ʲô
Īһ֪յģǿɲģ棬Ҫٳû峤İǸͲܡ
ң֮󣬳ѪҪӦϣһĪأ˽գôļƻɾȫ˰
뵽Īһ˿ɫЦĪ࣬ҿɸ㣬ѾǳѪˣǸҹѺңѪͻĪ־ܣԸĪһЩ
ʲô㾹ȻͶˣ
ӵɫȻһ˲䣬ͬҪγˮһ㣬Ȼ֪ĪѾˣǵĪ׿˵ʱӵУ̲סһʹ
ٺ٣Ī࣬͵űɣ壬Ǵɣ
ЦһĪһתǳŴ֮ȥ֮ţ˿ɱȡ
ˣҽĪͽ£
ĪӰӣҲĪ࣬¶˾ģһ֮˷Ը
ֻĪĻ֮󣬳֮⣬ȴûһӦ𣬽΢΢Դ֪Щʲô
Ǻǣ峤Ҳ湻ʧܵģ
ĪྐྵȻԼ˶ָӲŷо̲סĿЦ峤Ī̶ȣҲȷǹʧܵģ
ôĪǶҪ췴ɣҵĻˣ
ɫԽ˼֣ĪôҲû뵽Īļ仰ȻôõЩˣǲˡ
ĪΪĻеļˣԴһЩ֮⣬ҲûĶ
Īڼ龰֮ʣҲ̲סЦһһ˿⡣
ããá
龰Īһ˵֣֮Уһ˿ɱӣŵȻǲ֣Լ֣
˵ţĪһҪԳ֡
峤СµĻͲԳ˰ɣ
ʱһΪȻ֮쳹õЩԭͷˣ̲ס̧ͷĿ˹ŷϡ
ҪгĪҲ΢΢һ٣ϣ̲ס¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ


179 ŷ
ŷΪõ֮еӰǽһɲĿ⣬ϣżֻɡֽ䱸
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ӹӦһصȺ֮Уһ𣬾ĵȴųѪĵ

ŵС֮Уŷϥüͷ֮ϣһ˿ƣ֮ɫȻ⼸첻߲ݵϰ׷룬ѾõΪƣ
֮󣬹ŷƤ΢΢һ˫Ŀ˿֮ͫУһ˿Ц
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182 꼼
Īܣһ¼ߵǽֻһͨĵطǿߣߵĻѹ
ֻһսʤջǿԣƽʱǽֵܵһЩħޣս֮Уȴǲ𵽺ܺõá
ŷһ·ϸĪһĪĺ֣Ī֮⼲۶ȥĪֱȥ棬ŷ磬ĵǽ۲Ρ
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ĪˣҲǷ׷״ţŶԷ˹ȥת˲֮䣬ǱһΪҵĴսɱŭֱ֮
ĪΪնȸ֣ԷӪ֮У绢Ⱥһ˫ȭͷ֮ѪЩ޲һȭ飬
ߣŷ翹֪
·ŰĪԼλϣ֮УҲһ˿ɫľŵӰԸҲȥսپ
ǡ
ķԸǼ˽ǹӦǣ£ս֮С
ĪĸȻͣηֻվ̫һЩı࣬õÿһˣҪͬʱλѪ֡
ˣ̶Ƭ֮䣬ĪһѾ˱ɱȥ֮ˣҲڿֵ
һĻĪ˫ĿļԼһ֣ȴް취ľԮǾԼǱѪλոֲţԹ˲Ͼ
ˣ
ʱһȶȻӰǳԶ뵽ս֮С
ֻһĻĪͷȴԽ³һЩȻҲһո֣ǲս黹ǣ̫һЩЩ˵Ķ֣
ǣʱѾǱѪλһոסʱ졣
ѵĪһ壬𣿡
һϵµĪˣĪУҲ̲סıһ
ѪǣҪռĪȴүүϿȥ
һŭȣڳдݶֻ¶ĪϣʱλѪһո֣ƵԸˣҲǲϵ˰벽
ߣȥɣ
Īϵŭ£ȣͬʱֻȭͷһĪϵϣӲĽ˳ȥ
䡭
ĪϵɶӰصڵϣؿ֮Ѿǳܲѷ죬һЩɫҺ壬ϵ¡
ٺ٣ɣ
ѪˣƲˣĪϵأգ֮䣬ٶȳǰֻȭͷͬʱӶǳԴŭҶȥ
峤Īܣһˣ
ۿ޿ɱܣĪ̶ŲԶĪ౯һһҵƣǿʼڣӿ˳
ٺ٣ѪǣӾҲһ汳ģĪ֮ɫֳһ˿ɫһǳһ˹ȥ
ãҪԱ
ͻȻỊ̄ѪˣнһԼͬͬʱź汩˳ȥٶ֮죬֮ʱ򣬶Ҫࡣ
Ī峤ôİȻôһȺˣԱĪ̵ģŷ粻֪ʱѾǳ˳У̲ס΢΢ҡҡͷ
һһĻӰ֮䣬ѾǳĪָĵ˶ԷԴ֮ϡ
͡
ŹŷĶĪ̸ոջƣȻ֮建ĵ˵ϡ
չ˺Ľң
ڶԵļλĪ˷Ըһ䣬ŷΣǿٵζ
ŷŲȻӰְֳ񽣣֮ЩͨĳѪˣͲһ֮У޲䳤䱬ȥ
ŷʱʩչĽԭ˼Ĳ֮ͬ䣬ƺ޹ɣȴ˷ʤңÿһ⣬Ƿƥн
һУȻǹŷһˮ֮ƺͽ֮ں϶֮Ĳ
Ī䣬Ȼһ࣡
֮ϣǳѪһֱδֵ꣬Ŀ⵭עŹŷ磬ͬһ˿渡֡
˵ܹ࣬Ŀһ壬Ҳ֪źֶΣҽշҹĲ䣬һ
۲˹ŷΣ֮Уǻһ˿֮ɫҲǾþս֮ˣ֪ҪշһˣЧԣûϸжϸĹ۲Źŷ硣
˵ĿӣŸ֪Ĺŷ磬ȻܵһȻԷûж֣ŷҲֵɡ

ʱһȻõùŷüͷ΢΢һǳķ˹ȥ
ոմʹȻģɰ־ԼһѾͷŷȻԹۡ
ֻʱһȵĸΧһæңˣҲУصĺһơ
һ˵ȭͷҲѾǳԴϿգݺ¡
ȭͷ֮ϵһȭУȻɥһ;

С㡭
ԶĪӣҲǿһĻʱһҪԮȴ
ٺ٣ɣ
ۿҪ֣Ѫˣ϶̲ס¶һ˿̵Цݡ

ȻʱһȶȻˣĪĵ˳ȥڰ;ǿĲһ޴ѷ죬һ˿


183 꼼
һһȸֳױ飬ŷĿ⣬һһոϣƾħһ㣬֣Ҳǲҽһ飬ɢΡ
һոĪı飬õѪ֮ˣЩɲȻ˺͹ŷ֮ľ롣
δ֪ĶΪ־ģʱŷ࣬ǵľδ֪Ŀ־壬һ񣬾õǳױĿֲֶΣõǵͷƤΪ֮һ顣
ǰ֮һֱδֵ꣬۾Ҳ΢΢֮ͫһ˿أΪûпŷʹõǺֶΡ
׵Ľһո֣ŷ壬Ҳǳԣһ㰲ȫĵط
ŷ磬һ񣬾ɱһһո֣ôģΣݽ⣬˿ûΣеġСǵĶŹŷʵ
ǺǣԺٸ㣬ڣȥϾȳ
ŷһЦûжֻͣԼղţͲʲôһ񣬶׷롣
ŷ绹û׷ʩչǣڸղţӵһ䡰ʨӲãȫְܳȴõùŷ磬ȻĹؼ
֮ǰ׷ʱΪǿԵʣ۳׷룬һֱҪħ۵ʵ׳
Ȼȴõһֱ޷ɹʩչ׷룬˹ؼ֮󣬹ŷµһ׷룬һΣ۳׷룬ȫħһҲõùŷһϲΪһΣȻɹˡ
ղһոĪı飬ҲΪܵ깥һ꣬Сܹŵס깥Ľˣһ£Էǳ׵ı˿
ңŷ绹һǾǣѪ˲䣬ĸܵΪ͸գ壬õûȫָʵȻٶȻָЩ
ֲЩһҪսˣԭÿɱһˣܹһЩԴʵ
ͷһ󣬹ŷиӵĻһЩЩѪ֮ˣ˹ȥ
ŷɷ֣ЩѪ˷׷׶ܣƼʲôµĹһ㡣
ŷ磬ȻǲõЩһԸԳӰȫţõЩѪˣһЩո֣ˣӲˣֻһĵڹŷĽ¡
ֻŷܿʧķ֣նɱЩ֮µĸ֣ȻҲܻһЩȴ쳣ϡ٣ڴʱ˵ھţһë𲻵ʲô̫á
ֻЩո֣ŷ绹ûйȥѾԶԶı˿õ޻ɳˡ
ڣ˹ŷĽϣĪˣҲʱûʲôΣգֽǰЩСආ֮Ī˱ǻһнһ˿ҡ
ЩѪˣҲǻصԼӪĪңң
ʱڵ״̬ȣʱĳѪ䣬ȴǲЩƵ䡣
ûĪ䣬Լһʧո֣֮µĺ֣أԭһٶˣʱֻʣ˲ʮܹսģʮûС
ȻĪ֮µĺ֣ҲʮǺͳѪһȣʵԵ޹ؽҪˡ
ҪǣĪո֣һû͵ڣĪ۷սû˿ʧ
ңյӣɫһãڣѾû˿գܹŷշԷǵȹֶΣû˿İա
֮ģıһ˿ɱȡϾŷѾвİȫйŷȴڣ޷ĵȥ䡣
뵽һ󣬶ĪĪ࣬Ȼһ࣬ѵһѵ𣿡
ٺ٣ѵҵȻǵã
ĪЦһЩĵѵܹȫĪѵܹƲЩ𣿡
ȶԷشĪԼҡҡͷܡ
ȻѵĪûһ˿һĺôǻѭкã
ĪһЩ治ĪЩ˶Уȴĵ˵ͷ
һЩӼļһƿڴѵиëãҪǹŷֵܣûˣѵǸƨ
ǣҪѵ첻ǣǵļˣܵǣΪūۣѵкã
ĪЩ˵ĻüͷȴǺݺݵ壬Ҫһ£һѹŷߣĻͿԼĪ䣬Ҳʱ䣬취ȥԸŷˡ
ֻõû뵽ǣĪˣڹŷ磬Ȼ˵̬ȣһʱ֮䣬õЩ޴ֵĸо
ŷ羲վĪ棬ЦĿıݣԷ֮⣬ֱǵ˼㡣
Ҳ룬ûˣ˭ںʲôѵ
ŷȴҲδϾ࣬һˣʱվȻĪ˲˵ʲôУһЩ뷨
ٺ٣ãĪ࣬ȻҪ࣬Ǿ͵Ĳ䣬ַɣ
޻ɳˣЦһǶ˻ֵߣ
´Ѫˣδ˿ʧ˿ȻŷѾУһӰ
ٺ٣߾ߣ浱Ұ
ʱŷȴǻ˳Цſ꣬ʺһ
ߣĪΪɣ
ŷʱ˳ʱɫһ䣬̲סŭһͳ˵
Ŷѵ𣿲ȻĻΪʲô߰ŷ練༥
㡭
һ˿ŭ𣬿ŷУԽŨһЩĵЩҲԸ͹ŷЦһٺ٣ҳѪ䣬սѵһСС࣬Ц㻹СԼСɣ
ߣ
˵꣬ҲȹŷػǴһӣҪ˳ˡ
ŷ۾΢΢Уһ˿ɱڶܹ²⵽ˣǶȻ䣬ٶʱл꼼ҲŤת档
ԣΣܷ꣬һȻĿܣҪΧʱ򣬾ҪԼķˡ

뵽ŷȻӶһһ㣬գ֮䣬ǴܽѪȺ֮䣬Ӱ
ĪţѪȻԶһ٣գԷǲܸɳ֮һ𣬽Ѫ
ŷȺĪ΢΢ԥһ֮ҲǴĪˣٶȳ˳ѪӪ֮С
һʱ֮䣬һҵĴսٶĻ
һΣ˫ʿȴǽȻ෴Ī٣ȴ˷ܼһ㣬һܹ͵ˡ
Ѫ䣬ȴʿ䣬ĪʮˣɱĽڽڰˣټϹŷƬ֮䣬ٶһɱȥ

ԼľӢƬƬĵµģеľҲǳױŭռҲ˲һӣЩոַԸɱĪˣȫɱ
˵ţһȣԾ˰գŹŷ˹ȥ֮Щո֣ҲٶչΣɱӪ֮С
ŷȴǲϲȵľһ̣ˣû˿ɵģὣǳӭȥ
һˣΪǿԵʣŷ緢֣ǲʹΪûбҪʹΪǵ壬õ
Ϊո֣ʵԶˣһȭȥռ䶼ǵ˲粨һ㣬Զɢ
ˣŷɫҲǳ׵չ֮䣬ԼΪʽʩչ
飡
գ֮䣬˱ǽֲ°УӰ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˭
ֻֻйŷԼѾ·磬ӵĹ֮£ÿһΣоθ𵴣һЩˡ
ЩȻǺأۻȴ


184 նɱ꣬ձѪ
ˡ
ٴӲһУŷӣͬʱ˶˴˶֮䣬һ˿ظ֡
Է̫ǿӲӲû˿ʤ㣬Ҳֻʩչ깥ˣ˫۽Ķӣŷųֱۣ΢΢˲ȴͷת
ŷ֮һûʩչ깥Ϊ깥ʵ̫֮ղΣͷҲʩչ
ңǰεʩչŷѾ˺ܴһ֣ŷ²⣬Լֻʩչ깥
֮ͻΪ̫󣬶׵ʧȥս
ڣҲû˱İ취ֻܽϣȫ깥֮ϣϣҲܱһл
ڹŷأӵɫ޵Ŀ֮䣬˿˿ɱεӿ
ɱ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷӣϬһģͬʱһ󣬽ǳŶԷ˹ȥ
࣬ȥ
ﴫһɱĺӵȭͷȻֱ񱩵ӿ֮䣬Ա飬ռ˵ơ
׷롭
Ǽȿ񱩵һȭŷͷҲһȣһεС룬ü֮зݺݵسԴ˽ȥ

걻ӵҽһһǼ䣬ÿնãӶŵȭͷȻ佩ԭء
ãһ깥Ȼûг׵ɱ˶Է
ȻŷУȴ̲ס΢΢³һЩһûɱԷǾζţҪٴʩչһ׷롣
ǣٶʩչһ׷룬Ǿζţͳ׵ʧȥսûǣƣĪЩˣͲǳѪĶ֣ʱ򣬾ԼǴһΣյ״̬֮С
ȴǹŷġ
СӣҪɱ㣬ҪʬΣ
ڹŷɵƬ֮䣬ӵǣȴٶȻָѣֻʱӣһƼȶҲһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼڹŷһ׷£ȻûȴҲܵ˼Ĵˡ
ֻʱӣʲô˲ˣֻнŷɱҪġ
䡭
ӵĺ£һɼΪ񱩵ƣʼӿ֮䣬һ쫷һ㣬ӵΪģҳ
ৡ
һ˲һ˹ŷǰֻȭͷͬʱӶŹŷԴŭ˹ȥ
ΪŭԵʣӵȭͷӶ䣬ЯŵĿֲܣղҪǿֲֹõùŷͫף΢΢
ŷҿ϶ҪӲӶԷһȭĻ϶ٴˣ
۾΢΢Уŷһݣ˲˾
׷롭
ﱬһŷ統ٶʩչ׷룬ڴͬʱ壬Ҳǳź汩˳ȥܿӵһ˫ȭͷ
˴ʱŷҲֻٶʩչ׷룬Ҳֻһ˿ϣ
͡
һ촫ӵΣٶȶԭأ͸ղһޣЩͬǣһΣȴǲûзҽУ֮УҲǳ׵Ŀն

Ƭ֮һЩѵ쳹ӵ壬ǿʼգ֮䣬ǲһ޴ѷ죬Ȼѡ
ãǽˣ
ɢһյӣŷҲǳ˿һĽ£̲סһģˤڵء
ڣŷȽϼ㣬ʹ˿ͷһƬհףҪһʹҧվԭأûõ嵹ء
Ҳʱһɾһٶӿڣõʵ׵Ļָ۷壬鵤ڴԲ۷֮ԪҲֻһ֮ң
ҹŷܹܵĵʱʱܻԪ֮˵ãֻҪССչһ£ͻ鵤޽Ԫ
ȻˣҲ֪ʱǿЩʱӦģôǰѡ
ȻӳɹĻɱˣҲʧȥս֮õѪ֮ˣлɳˡ
뵽ŷ۾΢΢һУȵѪţǵ죬Ѿɱڴˣǻ뷴Ļضֻ³ͶĪ䣬ҿԼ̣
ʲô챻ɱˣ
ŹŷıȣѪеˣһ󣬵ûҵӰʱи΢΢һ
춼ˣǻʲô
ţܿģһЩ֮µĺ֣ʼͶˡ
˵һеڶƬ֮䣬ѪЩ֮µĺ֣ȫͶˣУһȵĸ֡
龰Īһۣǿ˶ԷеЦ⣬Ǵûһ죬ǾȻܹշѪǺεȵս
ĪӲͬǣŷ۾ȴ΢΢УĿʣλѪ֮ϻɨߵôĪƴ翹ɣ
˵ŷ֮УȻһ貵Ĺâܹ͸˵һ㣬ЦҪ˵ĻҾֻǹˣ
˵ţŷһƱҪ֡
ȵȡ
ŷˣʣˣнһλʣȸ˵ǹ˳ĪҲԣһ

ŷ۾΢΢һУ¶һ˿ͣľ֮ʣŻ˵˵ɣʲôֵ̫ĻǾûдڵıҪˣ
ǡ
ĸˣʱѾǳױŷ壬ŷһ˵ʱæͷӦ˵ֻϣڹ֮󣬲ūۣ
˻֮󣬹ŷ粢û̳װ˼ӣȴֿ˻շ⼸ˣȻǲǵūۣĻҲ̫˷˲ˡ
֮շ⼸ˣΪ׳ԼϾ飬й¶ȥģʱ򣬱ضбȳѪǿĲ䣬
ǵʱһ˵ĻδЩƵˡ
֪ͬͬǵҪ󣿡
ڹŷԺЩ뷨ʱˣҲЩĵ״ĳʵһĸһ
ãû⣡عŷ統ִӦ
ȫԱձϣŷתĵĶĪ˵峤ҴʱѾٶ֣ձǣҲȨ֮ƣʣµˣţҵȻȥˣ
ãŷСֵúˣ
Ī΢΢˵ͷϸֳһ˿أҲûϾŹŷ壬Щ˻ôû˹ŷ磬ЩˣɾͲʲôĽɫˡ
ʱĪҲֻӲͷƤӲˡ
ٺĪ֮󣬹ŷǿҪըѵԴչӰĪ˽ȥ
Ī࣬Ǻһ𣬿ʼսˡ
õĪ˿ǣЩʣĳѪ֮ˣûгʲô۶ӣǷǳ
˳Ѫһ£ĪʵҲ˶ǣõгüҵĪˣϲЦտǣǵǱϣǳĹ˹ŷ֡
Ī֮еһЩͯǽŷ統Ӣһ㿴˵˵ŷһ㲻ǣȻȥƴ
Ȼһε¼ŷҲǳ׵ĪӮģ˵λ
ĪϣֵˣϾ˹ŷĴڣĪ䣬Ͳӡ
ĪϣǶԹŷлһͿĪϵĪ̿ŷ¹飬ĳ
Ͼŷʵʵľ


185 ̽·
ʱ䣬һζ
һЩƫŵСԺ֮Уŷչⱬʱһľ硣
ŷᶶвʱǿʱʱʱͻأȴһɡ
ŷʱʩչĽľԽľ괺
ľ괺ֻһУǿľ괺ǾһУŷϰ˽죬ȴûȫ׽͸ľ֮ƣûһ˿ĸ
𿴿ľ괺ֻһУǾһУȴ̺ǧ仯
ľľ֮ƣȻҲֻ̺ǹŷЩǣеģǽ̺ܹжʤأ
һʱ֮䣬ŷһì֮Уľ괺Ҳȫ޷
ֽõùŷףҪⲻľԵԣľ괺Զ޷յˡ
֮󣬹ŷսЦҡͷȻһϰûκεջ
ŷ磡
ʱһöõùŷ¶һ˿΢Цûͷܹ֪ǸոճģѾͷˡ
ŷ磬ոϰĽ̫ˣ̸òѽСܵŷǰСǵĿŹŷ磬Щ۰Ͱ͵Ķ
ΪɰģŷϵЦݣҲԽĲһЩֻ֣ҪɰѾͷһеǷգԵȻʧɫ
Ǻǣ̰ĵѾͷǰ죬Ǹսһ׽ϰôˣûһĶͷŷЦʵ
ŷ£Сʱ˵ǽѰϰˣǾѧᡣ
ʱģŷԽѾͷɰ룬ǰοûйϵϰ׽ʱ򣬻˺ü²ųɹġ
̫ˣҲǺܱʱȸԾŷ磬ҲһЦĿ
֮ǰΪŷձ˳ѪĹϵõĪˣǶԹŷ˸мͳݣУѾͷҪŹŷѧϰʲôĽ
ЩҲʲôرĶԹŷҲǴӦˡ
ŷٶõĪϣͷжڹŷ磬Ҳǳ׵ĵԼˡ
ٶһŷ˵ȥɣЩ飬Ҫ
ţã
ɵĵ˵ͷȻŹŷ磬ĪĴȥ
Ϊոձ˳ѪԵʣ⼸죬ǰĪϸæˣæŽֳѪĵ̣æŰЩְ񣬶˶Ǻ޲ãԼܹһ˫
ŷʱ򣬱ǿ˶˲æµӰֽҲõùŷ磬ɵЦһ
ŷСֵ˰
˹ŷЦ֮ĪӶˣͬʱ̧ͷĪЩͷʹԴŷСֵܰ⼸ǰҸæˣûʱչ㣡
峤ҶôˣﻹҪǵչˣæǵıãŷЦһ˵
ǺǣŷСֵܲ־ͺá
ĪЦ˵һ䣬ŹŷʵŷСֵܣʲô𣿡
ţһЩ飬Ҫ峤ϣŷ΢΢˵ͷ
Ĺŷ˻Īϻһۣǿ˶ԷеɫĪ΢΢̾ŷСֵʲôҲܹ뵽ֻǶĿռͨȴǲȱµ漮֮УҲδء
ûô
ŷһ˿ʧ֮ɫȻ֮ǰͲ²ĪС䣬Ӧǲ֪ЩģǴʱõ֤ʵõЩ΢΢ʧ
񣬾ħ֮ڣѾԽԽҲ뿪İ취ԷɾҪˡ
ʱõõط׵ĻָʵŷԸԷɾͲôˡ
ŷϵɫĪ΢΢һ£ڵŷСֵܣĪȻ֪ǳѪ䣬֪һЩҲһʣ
á
ŷ΢΢˵ͷͬҲ֪ѪȻĪҪһЩҲԶԣԳѪֻҲ֪Щء
ܿģѪձո֣˴֮УŷʱҲЩãҡҡͷȻҲ֪νĿռͨ
ڹŷʧתߵʱ򣬳ѪȵļһȴЩɵ죬˵ŷˣȻҲ֪뿪ĿռͨȴǳѪĴ󵱼˵һ仰ƺһĴ䣬ƿһΪصĶǸ͵Ǹйأ
Ŷ
ŷһæʵĴж󣿡
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187 ɱʼұ׷ɱ
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ħŭһһ˫޴˸ŷŭȻŷһնˣѾ׵ŭ

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ŷֻǰһԷѾǵǰٶȣֻһЩʵС֮ˣ
׷롭
ۿŻħ޵ľ쳯ԼҧŷҲ˲ˣæٶʩչԼѹУ׷롣
һ׷ʩչ֮󣬹ŷͳ׵û˿ĵֿ֮ɲΪԼһ׷룬ܹǰһˣ


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ֻǰһ޴Ӱ֣Ӱˣȴǻħޣħ

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䣬飡
Ƭ֮ڹŷǰһΪбȴĵĻ档
ֻЩŷ̵ĻħޣʱȴȫȫĳһŰƷħߵִߵͬһƤһ㣬Űš
ǻħ޲ܣֻħյı֮£ӲҲܵĴ㣬ԹԵĴԭأħŰ
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뵽ϵĵ֮ɫԽŨһЩаţŷ磬ɲ°أˣô찡
ԶԶĿľٶŷУҲǻһ˿ů統УһĹԼˣò˵һΪ˵顣
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Ըģŷ缱æ˰֣ԶԶĸߺһ
ŷ磿
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ոյעȫ˹ŷϣûз֣ŷ󣬾ȻͷȻħں͹ŷʱ򣬱ѾħǸһȴûм
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õĹŷ֪е뷨֮󣬲֪᲻һոտǲҪԣС
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⻢ħҲȷһףʱһģȷʵŮӵϲ
գ֮䣬ȫעĻħޣŷħһۣнһ˿֮ɫѾģ̫װˡ
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ź͹ŷӴʱԽ࣬ǶԹŷԽĺ棬ӣƺһ㣬ǲΪѣǸҶɱЩ䶼ɱħޣҺǺȻһͷɷĴһ
ȻһͷɰħޣһеһУõԹŷԽĺ档
ħ֪УȻɷħǿɰ󣬲֪᲻İѻħȥٺݺݵʹһ١
ģŷҲθڣĽ飬ͷβĶһ顣


190 ײʼ
շ˻ħ֮ļʱ䵱Уŷ翪ʼڰԨŰĿģһɱħޣʵһĿģշħޡ
ȻˣŷҲʲôħ޶շֻʵԪ֮ϵħޣķۣǿȺħǩǩԼ
޼ɵŰڵʱ򣬹ŷҲһʷ鷳һͷʵ֮ľޣ׷ɱˡ
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󣬹ŷʮͷѷ֮Լͷ֮ħޣſӶԷѣסһС
ˣҲͷѷ֮ħޣƴԱ赲һͷޣΪŷӮܵʱ䡣
Ҵͷ޵ѣŷҲǲҼڰԨŰˣֻôһӺƺƵħ޴Īķȥ
һΣŷջ񣬿νǼģԼͻԪ֮һշʮͷѷ֮ħޣԼͷ֮ħޡ
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⣬ҲǹŷǰĴĵ
ڷĪĹ֮УŷҲûţ֮еĲ䣬ͳͳշ£ʵڲ˳ģֱӱɱȥħˡ
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ڹŷ֮£һѷ֮ǿߣԼĪϵһĪĸ߲㡣

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Ŷ
ŷüëһһ˿ȤɫЦ˵
ǣŷˣ
˹Ӧһһһʮ˵̽ӻرıʹ࣡
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Ȼ֮䣬ŷԺУҶ˵Ӱŷ֮ô룬Ҳûе֮ͳ˵ܲܣΨһܹıǣ֮󣬱˷ŵеһϡ
Щͨģ
뷨ŷ֮ǰйȴһֱҿ϶ʱ̽һ˵ԽĿ϶뷨ˡ
뷨ĻҲףΪʲôҶҲˣ϶Ҳ˵Ĵ飬ҪѰҳȥ·

Ȼʱһ̽ӣٵ˽ϥأŹŷŷˣĴǲĸ֣ĿǰѾǵִĪΧԷͷ֮ˣҪŷǰȥ
ٺ٣ԷĶǱԤĻҪһЩѾסˣ˵ĻһоͶ˵ˣ
ŷϣ¶һЦݣֵȥǣҪңԼҺæûʱȥǣ
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ϵĻ֮󣬴֮еˣҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣнһ˿档
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Źŷһ˵·Щˣнһ˿жͶŷ磬ҲΣϾŷʵ̫ǿݲǷ
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ˣǸңҲܸǴ̫ĺôȫǣŬ
ŷ΢΢˰֣һ࣬峤ȥȫţںĴ䳹׿ս֮ǰʵŵǿ
ǣŷ
·ڶǿߣǹӭһһɫҴҵĳ˴ʼҲҵš

һʱ֮ÿĴŷҲǳ˿ʱ䣬İۻˣȻڼٵţǸҲǶѻɽƺѾǺü춼û˯ˡ
ţŷҲЩͷʹԴȻʼĴ
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͹ŷǧ֮һУһʱ쳹
ɽˣˣǸ죬ͬһ࣬ƺǽйŷ磡
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ɽ֮ɫҲ΢΢һ㶣ЦСӹȻôصˣû۵۹⣬ȻһĶ
á֪ˣȥӣעһһѣԳְһѣɽ˻ֵ
ǵģɽˣ˹Ӧһһת˴
ɽͬǣҶڵĴ֮УֻͬɽͬǣҶŷ羹Ȼŵʱ򣬱ȴЩ粻
˵ҪͷӦֿĴŶԣΪ͹ŷìܵԵʣõЩԥ


191 չ¶ʵ
ŷ£ǺôļӣȻҪĳԵţ
һȣĪĴ֮⣬쳹羪һ㣬ܹݵǧ֮⣬õĪˣ
ڴ֮дĹŷ磬Ĵȣüͷʱ̲ס΢΢壬Уһ˿Ц֮ɫ֡
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ٴγʱŷѾǵжĪ֮⣬һĿ⣬ŲԶȥ
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Уνɽ𣿡
ŶԷĻŷûκεı飬ȴ̲סЦһԷ˵Ŀģܹ
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ʱӰɫѾ˼㣬ŹŷʮȻ˸֮䣬Щ粻
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ȻĹŷԣӵɫȴ˲õĹŷãУǻʲô֪顣
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192 ׼
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ֻڴ֮еǰİβŶ֮ŵģλʮͷ
⼸ͷӣȻϿȥȽϲϣӿŵƣȴ쳣İ񣬿¾ħԱȵϡ
ʱĸͷӣһĿŴ·һӰ
ǵӰһ˿Ц֮ɫȻǴӹŷİӰ
ʱİӰϿûаİ֮ɫĴ峤ǰǻһӵĻǾͲ԰ˣˡ
ڰӰ࣬վĴһЩ߲㣬ʱҲһеĽ͹ŷ˺̸еǽŷһټԾ󻼡
һʱ֮䣬ʼõԭŵĴҲ𽥵˷ڵļ
ұ죬ʲô
һŭ⣬Ȼ쳹õøոջ۵Ĵ߲㣬ʱ׷׵ıͣԹԵվԭء
ߣͳ
Щ˶ǱͣոŭͷЩĺǳһ䣬ŻԭλǹŷѳɣеĴκһ䣬ֻǿҹŷ籾˵ʵֶûм
ǹŷܹշڶħޣ䱾ʵҲ̫ͣóȻȲ˵ܲӮ˹ŷ磬ҲӲ
˵ǸͷĿ⣬һɨŵڣȵȵȣ̬ȣѾŸǣܹһǵʤ㣬Ҳͻˣ
ͷһ˵·ЩˣǷ׷׵˵ͷȴҲʲôˣȻͷĿеķᡣ

ʱ·Ŀռ䣬Ȼ˺ѶһӰϥ˴֮£˵λ峤ѾǺҶӴ˹ˣԷ̬Ⱥܼͬϣ
ţ֪ˣ°ɣ
һλͷ΢΢˰֣ǲˣû˿ı飬˿ϲǱ

Ƭ֮һռѷ측֣һӰ˳󹧾Ļصλ峤ɽͬǵϣ
ã°ɣλͷǲ˴ˣȻޱı˫ۡ

ԼСһռһӰƾո˳ϥػصλ峤ѾֽӴˣ
Ŷͬ𣿡λ֮ϵλͷͬʱ۾иոճλͷоһʵ
˵Ҳԣһ˹Ļش
ʲô
һ£λͷЩУͬʱѯ
˵Ǳŷ磬Żͬϣ
ŷ磿
˵Ļشλͷһۣո˵λͷŴ֮µ˷Ըȥ֣ŷǿ԰Ƕڼ䣬Ǳɱסһ
ǣȥ֪䣬˱ٶ˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ٺ٣ǾͿֻԸˣһǾȲʤȯˡ
ֺһභҲ֮ǳ˹ŷһǿԽҲͬʱ
ôˣλڻȥñֵϢһǼ̳
˵ţλͷͬʱİĳƻ
Ĵ׼֮ʣĪĴ֮УҲһأλ֮ϵĹŷ磬üͷǽ
ԭΪոյϢ˵ˣĴĽӴˡ
ŷһֱˣĵעҶһһȻҪǵͼҲŷǵͼ
ϾŷҶԼ֣ɶŶԹģǶԷִҪԸĻҲȷǸ鷳
Թŷһֱ˶ǣֻû뵽͹ŷԹҶûгʲô⣬쳣
Ȼֵ⼸УΪСģҲֻԶԣǲС
뵽ŷ·˵ֺĴĽӴϢݸ׼
⣬ټŵľӢȫصĪϣϲĻ죬Ĵľػٳ£
ˣλȥ׼ǵ˺Ĵ䣬һ۵ʱˣ
ǣŷˣ
Źŷ绰£֮еЩˣǹӦһǷ׷гȥæˡ
ֻЩȫȥ֮󣬻һӰȴǲδ뿪
ţϣʲô𣿡
վڴ֮µϣŷüͷʱ΢΢ʵ
ǺǣŷСѣ˷Ĵ俪սŶİգ
ϲδֱӻشŷ⣬Цеķһ䡣
ϵĻŷȴǿЦһĴˣأǻסһһĴԵģֻˣÿһؽͬʱ䣡
ĿǰʵĴ֮е䣬ʤҲֻ֮䣬ҪһЩ
ĵ˵ͷȻڶ࣬ĴĵҲҪȡʤʵϼѡ

˵ȴǺȻһתЦо̣ȻʵǾɰܵĹؼñ֮֮ͬأ
Ŷ
Ĵ˻ŷ۾ȴǺȻһЦĪϣʲôõļƲߣ
Ʋ߲ҵʩһСƶѣ
˶٣ϵĴҪɱǣȻ٣һǾûа취ִ˺նضͽĴͽĪþԨ
ŷСܹշʮͷѷԼ֮ħޣһЩħ޼ɵֶΣǵĴԨ֮ʱ̻һã
üƲߣ
ϵĻŷУʱһ貵Ĺâò˵ϵ취ȷǷǳĿС
ʱڶħ޳ɱ֮£ƾĴҲȻʧأʱűȥõĴ䣬׵Ĵܶ顣
󣬹ŷֺϣʼ˴˴μƻϸڡ
һһһҹʱ䣬˽ȫϸ̶֮Ѿǵ˵ڶ硣
ϣҲǼææĻȥ׼ȥˡ
һεļƻҪϳһĴԨĴʱ䣬һŷҲʩչ̻֮ơ
ֻŷ绹һû˵Ϻ̻֮ƵʱһƲߣѾڹŷˡ
һΣŷҪĴ䣬һľϲ
ڹŷĵĸĴ׼ϲʱҶɽڵĴ֮УҲͬʱյһϢ
ֺĴˡ
ϢȻǹŷ˸ȥģϢҶɽҲûлϢʵԣϾ˶ɵһ۾ܿó١
յϢͬʱɽҶˣȴһŷ綼û뵽ľ˾Ȼˡ
ֵĿģٶȣڵһѶ˵̲ȻרĵĶԸĴ䡣
ò˵ƲߣȷǷǳĺãҲǷǳЧ
Ĵ֣ʱȻ֪ıѾĵس˹ȥ


193 
ʱ䣬һζʱ䵽˵յʱ磬ƶһɱ֣ϣ񶼱һơ
ԨΧһ࣬ŷ統ȶеľˣЩУ˶ʮѷԼǿ֮⣬ʣµȫո֡
һԵֵĴ֮е䡣
ϣж೤ʱ䣬ĴִԶŷͷҲصĳʵ
вһʱʱ׼ˣϽѹļͣƺ¾˰Ԩ֮еħһ㡣
á
ϵĻŷ΢΢˵ͷһѾʧ֮죬һһ㡣
𡭡໡ء
ڹŷʧ֮ûжãԨУһƵ޺֮һɹɷ֮԰Ԩڶ𣬾ڰԨϵ˿ˣҲЩľ
ȻѾܹϾǿһЩħޣȴǲУʱ޺֮ڶ֪١
Щħ޶Ƕ׼ҲȻԪˡ
λ峤ǰİУƺЩҪҪƹȥ
ȫ·ĴʱҲѾǵ˰Ԩһ޺Ҳľѣ˿ʼ顣
ߣá
ڴ֮¶λͷȻһһ˵Ǵ˷ͻϮŷ磬ҪľٶȣΪƵʱ䣬׼ǵòʧ
˵ͷ΢΢˶٣ŵοֱֲӴԨֻŰԨΧߣʲôΣյģԸȥӿٶȣȫ·
ǡ
˹ӦһǷԸˣȫٸ·
𡭡
ȻĴһֻŸոͻԨķΧ֮ʱһ޺𣬶Ȼ쳹һͷȻȻܳǰǸͷȥ
ѪŭţĹ޳ݣһ㣬ͷҧȥ
ߣ
ͻȻϮͷŭһֱһӣһƥǱݺݵغͷħϡ
䡭
Ƶ죬õͷħ׻Ȼ˳ȥȻ;Уϱı˿Ȼѡ
һУֻһУһͷѷ֮ħޣǱȥɴҲԿͷʵŶôǿˡ
𡭡
Ȼͷ֮ʱʮŭٶ쳹ʮͷ޴Ӱ˳Ĵ˹ȥ
ͷʵǿֻɱһͷħޣЩֻ֮ͨʿȴûѷ֮ħ޵ĳɱ֮£ҽ
Ƭ̣Ѿżʮ֮ĺ֣ɥħ֮ڡ
⵽ô£
ƴҲҪԼһħޣλͷŭ𣬴һɫƥʮͷħޣɱȥ
𡭡
ǣλͷʮͷħ޸ɱ֮Уݶħֱʡ
ǡ
ħλͷһۣһ˿ľæ±ȵˣ˳
֮λͷǰͬǱƣңңԡ
ৡ
һ̣Ʒ֮쳹һͷͷħޣһ㣬Ĵ˹ȥ

λͷⷬɫǳ׵ôҲ뵽ûȼŷ磬ѾǱЩħ޸Ūæҡ
չȥǱض˲أӶ޷ŷ硣
Ҫսȫ峷ˣ˳Ԩ
һͷĿЩıһǺħħ֮Уܹܵͷħ޵ʵ
𡭡
Ƭ֮ŭͬʱ𣬶޴Ӱܳλͷ˹ȥչ˼ΪҵĹ
䡭
һʱ֮䣬ԨܹƵı֮
ৡ
ԨĵشһӰӣ֮Ϊٶ̫죬һĲӰϵ֮쳹
Ӱǹŷ硣
ڸĴȥħ֮󣬹ŷȴδͣЪͷʵ֮ħ޵֮ء
ʵ֮ħޣĴλͷ֣һܹӦˣŷ磬Ҫ͸һ
̻֮ʱŷ뵽һˮļƲߣǱǽͷޣĴ֮С
ͷڣĴȫڣҲΨ·һ;οֻˡ
뵽ŷȻ۵Уȴһ貵Ĺâ
ৡ
һŷٶӳ˼ʮɵľ룬Ȼո뿪ԭ֮ʣһ޴צһµĲӰ˲ޡ
䡭
ûйŷ磬ǵ޴צͣЪֱǽ䲻Զļһѷĩ
𡭡
һצգԭһŭĺһͷħҪϼľ޴Ӱֶ
Ȼͷ׷ŷʵ֮ľޡ
һͷ˿ֲħޣŷҲǽᵽɤۣΪһСģ޷ħĴ䣬֮Σ
һٶʵ̫ˣ
׷ľޣŷϵĴŴղţǸźԶžͷħ޵ģҾ֮Ⱦܡ
ǾˣҲǲ㱻׷ϡ
ڣʱĴڵĵطѾǲ̫ԶӦֵܹĵ
͵һڿŷ罫ӰٶȣٶǿеһΣ۵糸һ㣬ԶӶȥ
ꡭ
ǲϵѵ쳹ֻǾ֮еǱ׵˷ĩûһõġ
һ׷һӣƬ֮䣬Ѿӳǧɵľ룬ʱŷѾܹҵɱˡ
ǻһ˿ĻȣŷŲһ磬ǳǺɱķӶȥգ֮䣬ʹܽȺ֮С
𡭡
ŹŷܽȺͷ޶ʱŭֱײģͬǳȺħȺС
ͻȻֵľޣõĴ˵У̲סľһ£ھɷ֮£Ƿ֣ûС
ںͷħ޴սλͷͻȻֵľޣҲһ˿Ȼ֮ɫҲ˲ʲôæȵܣϿ뿪
֮ʣλͷǰǰħ޵ľ˺ѿռ䣬ߡ
ȻŭӿľޣλͷĶʱٶŭһһ޴צӰݺݵץλͷϡ
Ǻε֮λͷûз֮£ռѷ춼Ǳ˳ȥ;Уǿʼѣڵ֮ʱѾǱ׵ı˿
Ӱ
һצɱĴλ峤õĴˣû˿ĵֿ֮ģ׷¶ӣһš
ħλŹһѵĻᣬ׷ŭ˶ϣɱһһˡ
ʱĹŷ磬ȴͱħӦصϵڵĵط


194 ֱʥ
𣿡
ŷ֣϶ʱǰ̤һ˹ŷǰЩŵʵҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣȴĽ
Ǻǣˣ
ŷЦһ԰׵ɫȴβסĵϲãŷ˻֮ϵˣҲǷ׷׵˿
Ĵ֮е䣬Ѿʵֱĺûᣬңƣ֮ʣҲڱ󣬸һϽ
š
ŷĵ˵ͷһӵλڱǹռĴʱ䣬ڣһǰĴܲ
𡭡
ŹŷĻ£ԭضʱ˵Ļ֮ڹŷĴ֮£ƹԨʼĴܲȥ
Щǹŷ䣬ʱѾħ޵ĳɱ֮£˴һЩŵˣҲ˴Ѿη塣
ŷ׵ĽսҶɽǱߣȴֹĿսУ֮ǰϣѾǳ׵Ľֵ˵
Ϊ͵ϮԼûиʲôۣΨһϧıǣָĵˣҶɽҲûйȥ֡
û֣ƣQ˶á
ҶǺɽ·һ·ڰ·أһ·ڱҼл
ЩСĴʵΪƲ֮ʣռһЩˣҪĴ䳹׻Ҳһ򵥵顣
ˣ˫һս֮С
ŷˣǰʮﴦĴܲˣʱܲѾǳ׵Ŀˣǵʵ̼ͿԽ乥ƣ
һï֮ܵУһ˵ϥأ͹ŷ㱨̽Ϣ
á
̽ӵĻرŷʱЦһֵѷ֮ǿ߼ϣǰȥĴ֮ܲģٲҪ
ǣŷˣ
Źŷ绰£Ⱥ֮УŶʮӰӶŲԶ˳ȥ

ʱŷĿռȻ˺Ѷ洫һµʱһӰǴӿռѷ֮мӶ󹧾վ˹ŷǰ
رŷˣҶѾɽ֣ڹֿͬ䣡
Ŷ
ŷЩüʵֵأѵûвκϽ
عŷˣģҶʵͺɽˣֵҲǸĵض˵ˣ˹Ӧ
ٺ٣Ҷɽ̫ɵ
̽һ˵ŷϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȵЩħޣǰȥҶǣҺʲôԹȳԺ˵
ǵģˣ
֮һƵռ΢΢һ𵴣ٶȻָƽͬʲôûзһ㡣
ȥ۲ǵĶʲôʣһ㱨ߺ󣬹ŷֶ̽ӷԸ
ǣȥ
˹Ӧһٶ˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ߣȥĴ
һж׵֮󣬹ŷһӣһƺƵĳĴܲ˹ȥ
ŷĴ֮ܲѾǳ׵ıռŷҲ˵ӵ֮£ĴܲĴ֮С
λĴѾʵһۣҶɽҲȻԪԣڣǱ統УǿĴڡ
λ֮ϣŷɫЩĿˣ˵ҲˣԣֻҪҵ뿪İ취ұ뿪һоͶˣ
Ը׷ŷˣ
Ը׷ŷˣ
ȻڹŷĻ֮Щڴ֮еˣȴȫϥأͬһ˵
˵ľٶŷҲһů֪ܴ뿪Ϊ뿪ҲȻܵŷ֮ǰܵĴų⣬ɱ
ĿǰʵԱǵȫ
뵽ŷ΢΢˰ֹ֣ס˵ĺ˵Ҳ뿪ȴôᱻų⣬統УͬģҲᱻų⣬ԣҲܴ뿪
˵ŷ΢΢һ٣ŵϣ뿪֮ŽᣬΪֻŽᣬǲȵռĵλʱ죬һģʱ򣬶Ȼ뿪ȥ磬һƬأ
ŷ˽̻壡ŷĻ֮󣬴֮УٶһƬĹŷ綼ЩѪڡ
ˣǸԷֿԼ£ҵĴһֱػʥ˻֣ŷΪķԸ
ǡ
ӦһĬĬ˳˴ʼѰĴػʥ
ŷСѣϷһ仰֪
ȫ˳˴֮ȴǲδ뿪Щĵ
Ǻǣʲô˵޷ŷЦ
˵ĻϷֱˣ
ϵ˵ͷ˵ŷСѣԼЩ˻Žᣬǵ뿪֮Щˣ¾ͻĲͣʱһãⲻìܣĴȻʵ׻˵úãձһǷѣѱᱻĴ밡
ŷüͷ壬Щ飬ҲȴһֱûʲôͷĿԼһֽɢĲ̡
ֻǣһ뿪ͺˣʱʹ㱾£ҲǱ޳Īͺް취
ţŷҲǽĿϣЦϿʲôƣҶЩʵǲ̫ó
ǺǣϷһ⣬֪вУЦ
ŷһЦ˵
ֹϸƶ򣡡ϻ³˰˸֡
ֹϸƶ򣿡
ŷЩ׵ҡҡͷЦʾ
ʵ㡭
ԼС󣬹ŷϵ˼õùŷǣϣҲȷһ˲ţǷ統УԻᱻʼء
һЩϸڣеĶö֮ϷŻ˳ȥ¹ŷһڴ֮г˼

ԼСֻŷһڵĴ֮УȻһõĹŷ羫һ𣬶æʵôҵ𣿡
عŷˣĴػʥѾȫҵˣ˹Ӧһ
ãȥ
ŷ̲סĴЦһһУΪ˵һ죬ʵ֣ôܹˣ
˵ţŷǺˣææĳ˴
ĴػʥһҵУŷʱѾǼ˴󲿷ֵˣǼŷʱҲǼæ
ŷ粻Ļ˻֣Ŀȴǳνʥ￴ȥ
ʥΪİڷ̳֮ϣұɨһȾȻĴ䣬ЩνʥΪӡ
ʥֱһƴСͭҶе޾żƣȻˣÿȫͬ
һһɫڰĶ湴һЩŷ翴ķģһһɫ鼮
ԣ鼮ǲ鼮֪ʲôֽš
õĹŷüǣƺȱһ֣Ϊ鼮ϣԵ˺ۡ
ʥ֮ƿĿ⣬ŷ翪ʼֻܴ֮ȴûзܹͨ뿪
ѵ뿪Ĺؼʥ֮ϣ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷȻһͷ


195 澭
ţŷҲǻʥȥһ̽
ĵһʥǸƴСͭͭǰ棬ǰɫ棬Ǻɫͭı߿֮ϣһЩŤŤķģŷȴ̫
Ұһŷȴûзʲô쳣ע֮ͭǰһû˿֮ƺһģֵͭһ㡣
Цҡҡͷŷ罫ͭŻԭأǸڣͨ嶼ɫȴģϣ˵壬ôƣȴһЩͬ͸ղŵͭһ۹ŷôڣû˿ķӦ
νʥӦҪһЩĲٿַŶԣ
ûзӦŷҲֻЩϧ̾һǽĿ⣬һʥ֮ϣǱ鼮
Ľ鼮Уŷ绺ķ˵һҳֻһҳϵӳŷʱȴõɫʱҵı任
ǰģͬʲô˼һ㡣
澭
鼮ϵ֣ŷ۾֮ͫһ˿صĹâʼٵķ鼮
ǣŹŷԽ󷭿ϵĹ֮ɫԽŨ֮󣬵鼮ʱüͷѾǽͬһСɽ
ʵŷȷǼ˲˼飬飬޷
Ϊ澭һȻȱǹŷܹܿ϶澭澭
˵澭澭ǰһ֡
澭ô£ѵ澭ʵһģģǱ˵ߵһ֣
вɶƵͷŷԽÿܣֻǣ澭ĸģĸףڵˣĪǣǸһˣڵˣ
˵ڵĴʼˣ
ˣ뵽ŷԽÿܣһ壬ڣ˵߾澭Ϊ˼һ壬İɣ
Ȼˣ²⣬ȴҲֻǲ²⣬Ҫõ֤ʵԺ̽
õ澭һ֮ϲȻĻֻ¾ȥڣҲǿֶ飬Ϊڣûнⲿ֡
ֻ澭֮ϣһô£ѵν
ŷҡҡͷò̫ܣҪĻ˿ͽ澭ˣҲˡ
Ľ澭յУŷ˺ʣʥˣôңٶȻص˴֮С
Ҳ֪Ҷɽһôˣ
λ֮ϣŷЩεһ䣬˵ҵʥ뿪ķȴû˿ͷ
Ҹùŷεǣôʱȥˣͳħ֮ڣħѾҲһ

ʱ֮еĿռȻ˺ѶħӴǴ˳ħ֮żŷΪϤӰ
ȻҶɽȵһЩˡ
ˣҲˣڴ֮кħĶԹŷ˵һ䡣
ţ֪ˣȥɣ
ŷ˻֣ܣ⣬ϾҶɽϣԿˣοħԼһħ޵
ٺ٣ŷ磬Ȼܻ쵽زɽҪǿˣߺɽǳŹŷЦһһüŪۣ˿Լˡ
ŷɽҲûʲôڣЦǺǣɽ֣
˵ҲǶˣȻĻҪ䣬ûôףɽҡͷЦһ
ŷһЦĿ⻺ƿҶϣϷʵĵҶּˣû뵽ҹŷ羹ȻŰɣ
㡭
ŷ㣬Ҷ۾ʱ΢΢һ⣬Ҳ֪ʱѾͬգѾǹŷĶ֡
뵽Ҷɵһŷ磬ĪҪ⣬ҳϣȷЩˣǵĶԹȥ֮һᣡ

ҶĻ֮󣬹ŷȴǶȻһһӰһֻƣƮƮҶؿ֮ϡ
顭
Ƶ쳹Ҷɫʱһףų˳ȥɫĿҪγˮ
ҶʵŷҪͲܣҶȻǿӲȴҲֱģԸղţֻӲͷƤӲ˹ŷһơ
ŷҲϵҶе뷨ԲŻ֣ݺݵһҶҲΪԼΪڶ
ɱҶŷҲûгֹ뷨ȴǺܿ㱻ѹȥˡ
ҶԹҪһŷȴǸϣƾԼʵʵҶѹȥԣŷ粢ɱҶ
ٺ٣Ҷ㲻뵽Ҳнɣ
Ҷ粻ұ任ɫŷУȴǺȻӿһˬĿУǳ׵ıҶ˾ⷬҲȨջһЩϢѡ
ŷ磬㲻Ҫ̫ʢҶҧгݵ˵ôһ仰ŷĿУǽѹơȴôҲѹƲסŭԼԹ֮ɫ
ҹ֣
ҶĻŷϣȴǺȻ¶һ˿õЦݣЦٹ֣Ҷ𣿵ҿǱı˰󣬿Ѿû˰ɣ
ҸҶɱ㣬ͬɱһףڲɱ㣬һ죬һֽﵶ£
ĿҶһۣŷٶȻλҲٶȻָƽ˵ĴػŵʥѾҵˣȴǲ͸ұȥǷҵ뿪İ취
˵ţŷɫҶԼɽˣٶȳȥ
澭飬ŷ粢û˵ȥϾºпܻǣڣڴ˵Ȼŷڿɻûʱȥ⡣
һ֪澭ֵĻⲻɱ˶ᱦ
ܿ죬ŷżˣٶǴ֮УҶɽˣʼ̽ʥ֮е
ŷôҲûĵҶɽϾǴŵĵӣʶǹŷɱȵģܹʲôҲһ
ֻõùŷЩεǣԼСʱ֮ҶɽҲǺջ˿̽鲻ʥİء
ŷ磬ֻҵĴλ峤ܿ뿪ͨˣ֮ɽߵŷǰ˵
Ҳֻˣ
ŷΪε̾˿Ĵ峤æѶȣڱȵ컹ѣңڵĴ峤ֻʣλͲ֪ʲôطȥˣҪҳ˿ȴѶС
ϣ֪ʲô
ʱŷȻһֱԵϣϸŷĸоǶıġ
ǺǣŷСѣ뿪ľ巽Ϸ֪Ϸǿһջ񣡡Ц
ŷˣ˿˵ĻǾ鷳ˣ
ǺǣŷС㻹ҪˣȥĴ峤˫£Ҳһʧ
˵΢΢˶٣ŵңϷʱ䵱УŷСҲһЩˣ
š
ŷ΢΢˵ͷҪ뿪ȻҪúõİһһҲõߺͱһɢɳ
˹ŷһϱǴҴҸǣæȥˣŷҲҶɽˣңһȥѰĴ峤һһЩš


196 ջ˼
ŹŷռĴܲ磬ҲٶƽҶɽʣĲҲǹ˳˹ŷС
ڹռĴ֮ܲĵ죬ŷǿʼе˴ģ١
ŷ罫Ϊ׸󣬷׸λŷ磬λ֮ʵ
λ֮£ʮλϣЩϣǹŷʵѡģʵһɫѷ֮
ĪϣŷΪ˾ʦ֮ݵλ˿ȸ͡
󣬻һ˵ĵλȽ⣬ǱǱŷΪ˷׸ʥŮƹʣʥȽʵѷ֮󣬱Լ̳и֮λƹܷ׸
ħԼµһħСܣǹͬһִãƹܷ׸̷Ȩ֮󣬾Ǹ˴ҲȨͷ
׸ЩͨԱŷ绮ֱֳ֣Ϊ׸֣λƹܣ׸ħƹܣʥŮƹܡ
ŷţҲΪ˽̳и֮λİš
ħŷȥʱȴǲһȥŷ֮ҲЩԭġ
һأŷǷĲԼأŷ緢֣Դշħ֮ħԽԽеʱԼʵˣָоõĹŷһЩΣյʶħ
ڹŷ罫һеﶼ׵֮ʣϣҲٶȳˣ˹ŷһϢǾǣѾͨĹؼڣö֮ͭϡ
ֻĿ֮ȴ޴ӵ֪
ŷҲһЩϲãȥϼ֮ҲٶȼӴѰĴ峤ȡ
ֻĴ峤˼һ㣬һ˶ʮû˿
ҲõĹŷףĴ峤ѾǲˣҪ뿪ÿԼС
׸ôܿͭ
ŵĴ֮УһΪε̾Ϣ֮̾ϢȻǹŷ緢ģЩ죬ղҹоͭǽ뵽ķһΣʲôհˮݰѪʲôģͳͳá
ŷ磡
ڹŷ̾Ϣ֮ո֮һһٻӰӹ˹ŷǰȻ
ԴӵŷΪʥŮ֮ǸĿڣƺŷΪŷˡ
СӵŷҲǺȻ뵽ʫǸСѾͷΪԷһֱôƺġ
Ҳ֪Ƕɳʲôز
һ뷨ŷǻ̧ͷĿϣЦ˰𣿡
û°
ҡҡԴЦҾǿЩƲֵģԹ㰡
ǺǣǾллˣڿûʱҵȥƽͭҲ뿪ŷҡͷЦ
ŹŷĻһ˿ʧ䣬ѵô뿪ﰡţҲͦõ㣬ôˣָӣ
Ļŷ΢΢һǰȷǺܺãԼһֽҵм飬ֻǣԼվˡ
岻ģҲ
Щŷ粢Ը˵ˣҡͷһЦ㲻
ŷʱı飬һСϣҲǲʧǹһ㣬Źŷ˵ŷ磬㣬ȥ翴
ŷ΢΢һ㶣̾˿꣬ʵܹܵĵɰѾͷŷȴ޷κεĳŵⲻΪ˲ͬ࣬ȴΪҪҳڶŮ鳤֮С
ţŷҲһŭĺȵ֣磬ΣĶǣȥʲô
ŷǳ⣬ʱһί
ûʲôǵģ׼ǲ׼
ִĻŷ뿪˴Ϊȥŷ緢֣ǳģʵûʲô
һһʱӦǻص֮󣬾Ի޾鷳ˣһϡ
ֽǹŷ뿴ġ
ѵŷ磬Ѿϲ𣿡
Źŷ뿪ıӰһ˫һ˿һξӨ飬˳ջ䡣
ડ
Ȼһ飬ȴ˹ŷϵ֮ͭϡ
ˡ
һĹ䣬ǲ۹ŷôĵû˿ͭʱȴǺȻҵĲһֱ͸˴ݶ֮ϱ
ס
ոгĴĹŷ磬һʱǱǹ俴ǹɴ֮ʱжʱһæչŴ֮˹ȥ
ոǽһ˸˴֮Уһ뵽ܻΣգŷб̲ס΢΢һٶٶȿ֡
ৡ
ǹʵ֮Ƭ̣ĴܲǱһӶǳŴ֮б˹ȥ
УҶɽˣȻҲС
û°ɣ
ӽ֮Уŷ粢ûǽĿ⣬æȥ
ʱҲֹס˿һĿǰͭŷʱֲ˲۽ǵ飬ΪЦĵŷ磬û£
û¾ͺã
û£ŷҲǳ˿Լûз֣ĹģȻѾ֮
֮󣬹ŷŽĿ⣬Ƿ֮ͭϣһ˿֮ɫʵͭΪʲôᷢⰡ
Ҳ֪أ
һæѵŲ߹ŷ磬Լոտ޹أǶඪѽ
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ʲôȻԸ˵ŷҲͲöʡ
ৡ
ʱ֮Ʒ쳹һӰӶǳŹŷʵŷˣǷʲô飿
ҶɽҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϡ
ʥ￪ˣ룬Ҹ뿪ˣ
ŷૣڶ˵һ㣬֮Уѵõ͸¶һ˿ᡣ
ʥ￪ˣ̫ˣ
Ȼ͹ŷ粻ͬǣҶɽˣȴǺȻ˵ĴЦҲһŭĿӣõüˣ׷ױ͡

˿ŷһԼ飬ȵ֪ͨ׸гԱڹ㳡ϼϣ
ǣŷˣ
Źŷһ£Щ֮еӰǿٵĳ˳ȥһЩʵǿģֱ˺ѿռȥ
߰ɣ
ŷЩĿһС֣Ŵ˳ȥ
ŷ㳡֮ʱз׸ˣѾȫڴˣ϶ǳ˹㳡ϣ͸һƬ֮ɫ
ŷȻһ࣬ź͹ŷദеˣѾǺ˹ŷݣ䵱һܺõ졣
Ŀ⻺ɨŷϣȴǹһĨЦݣЦλҾҪ뿪ˣֻһϣǾǺúõסݻҵգҶٴ˵أȥ֤ͬķ
߰ɣ
˵仰ŷǵȻתŲԶҶɽ˻˻֣ǹ֮˽ȥ
ŷ磬ģҲһҪǵ
ŹŷӰ𽥱䵭ۿ֮еˮҲƲס
ˣأħУҲ͸¶һ˿֮ɫ
͹ŷˣз׸ˣǵϥأŹŷ繧ȵ
ˣ
ԽԽԶߣŷҲǻһǸоԺ֮һͷĿѣٴʱǰľѾǳ׵ıˡ


197 ħ
ǻųˣĿʰ
ŲЩ֮ϣɽΪŵĸ֮̾ҲǴ˳õùŷ̲סһЦ
ҶĿ΢ĿŹŷ磬һ˿ΣյĻȣһţһЦ֮ŷ磬磬ǵһЩʣҲúúõһ˰ɣ
Ŷ𣿡
ŷϷʵüëһЦĵôأɲҪˣûңأ˵ãѾɥĴˡ
һĶأһǾˣ˵㲻Ƕ𱨰
㡭
ҶһʱΪ֮ı粵ȴ޴˵𣬱Ͼŷ˵ĶʵҪҹŷ鷳һй¶ȥҶ¾ǳ׵ĳˡ
뵽Ҷ۾תתߵߣŷ磬Ҷͳһ飬ٱ㣡
䣬ҶһǳԶڿնȥգ֮䣬ûӰ
ŷֵܣ㲻ҪǸһһʶɽҲǳһ飬Ҷ鷳ңɽȻԹۣɽʱĹŷļЦ
ŷЦŵ˵ͷȴǰ˲ҶµģҲֻɽһ˰ɣ
ˣŷֵܣҵøϿϻˣ˴εôʱ䣬ͼˣҵûȥƽ
ææĺ͹ŷ˵һ䣬ɽҲڿնȥϻŸȥˡ
ɽߺʣµļˣҲǶŹŷлһ׷뿪ˡ
Ҳ֪ôʱ䣬ħǷѾǱˣǿɾ鷳ˣ
һʱһ˵ŷȴЩǵ̾˿ͬǷ𣬳Զ۶ȥ
ԼС󣬹ŷѾٴ˵ǸõЩɥĵ֮ͨС
ʱĵͨǼɴڣ֮е̳ȴѾȫ˿
˷󣬹ŷвɵ΢΢һΪѾǸо˿ħȻħѾˡ
һ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ŷԽĳŷҲ֪һЩħȼĻ֡
ħҲ൱ʵ֮ʵħ֮ϣħʣħʵ൱ʥ֮
ħ֮ϣǱΪħ۵ĴڣħۣȻѾӵ֮ͨΪʵԵֵһЩŵĶս
˵ħʵ֮䣬ΪСģһָ۷壬ǷǳѲҲͲǹŷܹԸġ
ڣħ׵ѹô꣬ʵҲĶ࣬ҪָҲǶʱھɵģҲ˹ŷһЩ׼ʱ䡣
ٶڴ֮̽һûзκħµ֮󣬹ŷŲò뿪ڵķȥ
ôˣżڴûκ˳𣿡ڵ֮УڵţɫЩصʵ
ţûУ
һˣεҡҡͷͬһ˿֮̾ɫ
ʱżĽѾǹȥĸ£ֻǣŷȴһֱԹŷݣȻǲõӵġ
Ǻ͹ŷһֱһĪԪȴǸŸ߲㣬ŷʱսѾԺԪתĸֿ⣬õڳ׵
ϾڵţҲԪתĸ֣ǹŷսڵһս
ңŷŶ󰡣ʮأͣѾʵǽĳɾͣǲģ˵ܴڣߵĲΡ
ǿûˣŷǵõ󱮵ϿɣעҪڵģһСһڣѾǿδϣ
ֻǣżĽŷȴٳûгõڵһڸ߲㣬ʼЩסˣȥʱʱ̵̿Ĺעڵż
ֻǣŷûг˽Ѿõһڸ߲ģĳȥ
ѵҪ𣿵һս죬ȴʧˣֳһӵĹŷ磬ȴʧˣ
֮ڵЩεĻ˻֣һ̾
һڵĸ߲㣬ô˻֮ʱҲͬеĵ˵ͷ
ʱһȣȻڴ֮쳹
˵
һ֣ʱ˶С
˿ܽŹ˵ʦڵżʧˣ
ʲô
нһڵżæʵǹŷ𣿡
ûмŷʦ֣˺ǿ϶ҡҡͷش
ȥɣ
̾һָӣɫһ˲֮䣬Ʋ֮ࡣ
ˡ
ʱһ֮Ȼ쳹õô֮еˣһ
ã
һۣ漱˳ȥλ֮ϵţҲһӳ˴
Ǵ֮еЩˣһ̣ڵĵԼϣǱˣһӰ֮䣬ӳԵסԶȥ
ৡ
ֻڶĿĻ֮һӰնУٶ֮죬һ⣬գ֮䣬ѾԾڵķΧ֮ڡ
쿴Ƿɹģ
ǰܹնУҲԪ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ǺηǿߣΪҪǿڰ
һʱ֮䣬˿ǵӰǷһĵ֮ھ̫ԶԵʣȴǸӰò
ڴ󣬽Žɱ
ǿٶӰŶʱһ

ź֮ʣһʱת˲֮䣬ǽӰֶһǿĹǳӰȥ
ʲôѵﲻڣߴˣ
ͻȻԼչĻڴ󣬹ŷʱ΢΢һ㶣ЩףΪʲôҪչأ
Ȼˣһʵǹŷˣ磬йˣһʱ֮䣬ˣ統УҪ˵ɽţҪͽУնеķʽֻǱ˸ɵˡ
ٺ٣㹥ѲҰɣ
֮࣬ŷϣҲ¶һ˿ÿĻȣһǷӶȥĹĻȥ
˻˺øĽֶΪļУǿԽڴĹ⣡
ǰ֪ڣʱֵ˴ˣ
ŷıƵ˻ڴĹЩڵĵӣʱٶһľ֮ŷĿ֮УĽһ˿ǣϾǿŷǵˣ̫ǿ˵ɲһʲô£
ŷ磿
ڶӰУһٻӰȴǸ˱ʫ꣬ķʱʫ꣬Ѿȫȥɬǳ׵׵ıһˡ
ʫ꿴ǵնӢɷˬӰʱһ˼ҹӰȴļûԺ𽥵غ
Ȼʫ겢ûпǵӰݣоǾã˾ǹŷ硣
ʫͬоģˣǱ˾ͽº»
»ƽʱ֣ƺˬˬ֮࣬ҲһŮе֣ҲΪ֣õұ¶е塣
Լ֪ʲôʱ𣬾ͿʼעŷˣǣŹŷʱʧټԣõжڹŷ壬׵ļ
˾ͽ󷽵Ůӣʵں֮ǰѾǶԹŷ磬ôһ˿Ľֻȴѡ
ԣ֪ģʫѾǶǱڵС
˭ΪҪǿڣ
ŷֱƳ˻ڴڵţҲһƾԷչ¶ʵ֪ǶԷĶ֡
ֽҲõŵУɵ΢΢һ
ȥˣ
ȻŵĳȣŷȴǲûһͷȥʱԭܷŽš
뵽ŷ缱æִ˵ιˣ


198 ĪԪܣʹ
ৡ
ȻӦŷģȴһָҵĹ

ŷˣʱοЦҲϻֱǽΪĽиʩչѻڴĹֵȥ
Ĺŷ磬ʽ̤Ԫ֮սǰٱǣ˵Ԫתĸ֣Ԫת֮ǿߣһǹŷĶ֣Ԫת֮ǿߣŷ綼֮һս
ԣ⻤ڴǿǶĹŷ˵ȴû˿в֮
䡭
һ죬ڴǾһ˲˼ĿУ׵ı˿ˣŷΣҲǴӳ˷һڸ߲ǰ
ŷ磿
ڴƣ˱һȻǿӰ֮ʱʱһǴԭء
ŷʦԼλϣ
Цһŷ繧ĶΧһ
ףǹŷʦְ
û뵽Ĺŷʦ־ȻѾǿ˹ڴκ䲻ãֱȥ
ǰԹŷʦʵ¾ǵʦһǹŷʦֵĶ˰ɣ
ڶʶŷڵӣʱ̲סķһĸп֮һֱŷ󱮵죬ʱľ̾ʤ֮⡣
ʱĹŷ磬ѾԶԶĳԽ¾֮׷Ϲŷ˰ɣ
뵽Щɬҡҡͷįת
츳ڣ֮ӣϧǣȴһĹŷ磬ǱӦüΪҫ۵Ĺ⻷ڹŷҫ£ȴԵȻʧɫ
ȻʧɫӰȣʫ˾ͽ¼ˣȴ¶һ˿ŨŨļЩĵ֮ɫҲ˲䱻ϲȡ
ŷʦ֣ȻѾǳɳ˵زҺ࣬ȴԽԽˣ
ʱСɣȻûţ֮УȴȻһ֦㣬ʱĹŷʱʹΪŷȴΪŷڵʵ̾
ʦ֣ŷ˭ѵҲڵĵ𣿡
СߣһЩ½ڵĵӣʱһĿǺվһĹŷ磬̲סĳʵ
Ǻ͹ŷʦһͬţֻǹŷʦ׿Խһûţŷʦ֣ȴȻΪ˶ĴڣСЩп˵
ŶǹŷʦǺ
Щµŷ¼֮󣬽һݣٶȿŷĿ֮ʱѾһЩĪɫʡ
ͺãͺãߣһȥһ飬ҪأǾּ˻ڴ֮ǹŷʱڵţʱ̲סĴЦһ۵ĿУסŷֱۣŴ֮˽ȥ
ЩųϣɢΧ۵ڶӺҲǷ׷׵ӽ˴֮С
ŷ磬⾿ô°һֱɵӣʱ̹עڵżȴûмУڵż֮Уʲô飬Ϊʲôôų
һͷͬһ㣬Թŷ׷ʸͣЩϣҲһ۰Ͱ͵ĿŹŷ磬õùŷپһͷ
֮£ŷֻýԼ֮е򵥵Ľһ飬һ飬ȴֻδᡣ
Ͼŷڻ뱻֪һĴڣȻĻһЩ֮ˣὫһͷϡ
ֽȴǹŷġ
ˣ֪ĪԪʦֵ
򵥵ĽһԼ֮󣬹ŷ뵽ĪԪ˵ĪԪʵݵλλЩ֮ϡ
Ȼ֮УŷȴǲûмĪԪõùŷУĪԪЩ
Ͼ͹ŷֱ֮ʣĪԪȻûƣڳȥ;УⲻһЩΣա
⡭
Ȼŷѯʣ֮еЩϣͷЩһֹ
龰ŷüͷʱģЩ

֮󣬾ڹŷЩ֮ʱͷȴǺȻ̾һ˵һǰڰĪԪˣ
ʲô
ڣŷжʱһڵż֮УһǵìܣǲСҹŷɱ˶Էһˡ
˳ޣĪԪڴߣȻ׶༪١
ѵǾۿĪԪʦֱΪʲôŷǾŭӣжĪԪĵģж˵ķŭ
ԼŵĵӣЩţȴ޶ԣΪʵĺ
ŷ簡ҲĪҪǣʱôԹۣϾĪԪڵĵӣݵǷ
ʱһλϻǰЦֻǣƷţʵǲڿɱȣһΣڵӶǰˣŴ϶ǱԷˣңʦҲ˲ơ
ĪԪԸŸǰȥˣ
˵ЩϽЩĵԴͷϣ¶һ˿Լ֮ɫ
һȺ
ȻŷȴȻõЩԼͷԭأЩ㵵ĿŹŷ硣
ʲô˵ľǣԼĵӶˣʲôϡ
ĺǳЩһ䣬ŷָͷ˿ӵĺȵ㣬Ϊţص࿹ȴΪ˱סԼţβܣҿϺͿˣ
ŷ磬񣡡
ȻŹŷĺǳ⣬Щһʱɫ䣬׷׿ʼǳŷ磬ϾҲ̫ˣǻûмһӣҺǳŵġ
ߡұ죡
Щϵĺǳ⣬ŷɫȴȻһ䣬񱩵ɽһȻֱǽЩϣ׷Ʒ˳ȥͷɫ̲סһ԰ףΪŷʵľ
ЩƷɶȥĳϣʱźȻ𣬹ŷѾǲԭǸͨĵӣһֿƳڴĸ֡
뵽ЩȻвȴҲҳһԹԵվԭء
ʱ䣬һɱڣĪԪʦʲộұҪи߲㳥һŷһת뿪˴
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ЩһǵҲδƣŷȻյͷȴΪŷ鷳
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˵ŷѾ˴ֳٳûг֣¾ڣҲǲ˰ɣ

С֮󣬹ŷ˿˫ۻһС֣Ȼޱȡ
Ǻǣ˾澭ĵڶ㣬ٶȣٶȱˣմ˷չȥò˶ãҾͻƵԪת֮ˣ
һǣԭЩһŷ̲סЦ


200 ҹϮ߼޻
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һǩԼ֮󣬹ŷǿʼΪˣϾһʱģʵ˻ɡ
ڣŷ֮ԴһǵƤˣҲر鷳
ԼСʱ֮һеƣѾǳʧЩ֮󣬹ŷҲǳ˿ӵƣȥ˻ڡ
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203 ֣ŷ类
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ѵ㲻֪
λ΢΢һ㵣ΪŷЩ챦֮ľӦ֪ŶԣֻԼҲ֪
뵽ճЦź͹ŷϸĽһ̣ùŷĿɿڴ
ԭ澭ȻһֹЧ
һ䣬ŷһճ˵ǸСǱˣ˶ϵ˾澭ɾ޵Ķˡ
ţŷҲǼæڣڵĶСɴʱ΢΢˿
˵˾ͽʵǰҪڣ˾ͽʵҪٵʱŷУҲ̲סһֺ
˾ͽʵǰֻǰʱ䣬ʱҲˣλճϵͷ
Ǻǣϣһ£ȸˣõ˶ԷĿ϶ŷǼææĸճϣ汼ȥˡ
ճ˵ڵĵط޵ǼջҲΪŷԼԵʣΪûͷҲǲұ
˾ͽʵǰʵȻĪܹ֮ۼ֣ҵ֮;źܴİ
˿ջŷն𣬳ڵķȥرԶοԹŷٶȣֻѾڡ
ڣѾǳ׵ˣ㿴ŷ磬Ҳûȥҿɶæأ˭пմһİˣ
ڣŷҲԶԶĿڰյ˾ͽʵȴûйȥԶԶͣ
Ͼ˾ͽʵֻǼһ棬ȻԷ˾ͽµүүɺϾûʲô飬ǵöԷ죬
ŷСѣȻˣβһ𣿡
һ̣һЦ֮ԶԶõùŷЦҡҡͷһ˹ȥ
Сӹŷ磬ǰ˾ͽʵǰŷǼæһ
ŷСѣϷЩСˣΪҪôҲһʱ䣬û뵽̶̰գȻѣ
˵˾ͽʵУҲһ˿棬Ц챦ɲţ
ǺǣЩ챦վֻŷһЦδ̫ࡣ
ŷ粻Ըͣ˾ͽʵҲʶȤĲδʣϾÿ˶ԼԸ˵ܣԼҲ
Ű̸֮Цˣӵһ˫۾Ѿǳ׵ͨԶԶȥһ˫ѪĿһ㣬쳣ˡ
Ĺŷ磬ڻ䵽³ȫǰͣգǲգҪ㸶ѪһĴۣ
ֻҺúް
ӵڷţڹŷĺ⣬ѾһַħĵزֻϧʱѾǲ˵
ŷǲ֪Ѿǽʹ޵һ˵ز
ˡ
ʱ˾ͽʵԵĿռ䣬Ȼһ΢ĲŷǼ˾ͽʵһָ
˾ͽʵָ֮ϣûκεɾƽƽһٶȴõĿռ䣬ǲ


206 ħͻ
˻˾ͽǰʵȻɲ⣡
˷󣬼ʹŷϼǿߣҲ̲סһﰵ𾪡
һٶܹռ𵴵ܣħ޷ֵˣʵҲȻ
͡
ڹŷΪ֮ľ֮ʣ˾ͽʵָҲĳ·ȥ
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Ҳʱ˾ͽʵָĵ㶯Ŀռ䶸Ȼ˺ѶһɴСľָǿռѷ֮иֶ
ָȻȴʵһ㣬Ĺŷ磬ָܹ·һ޶
ָ֮û˿ͣ˾ͽʵָĵ㶯·ȥ
˾ͽʵŷ磬ǻҺ£ţǲҲŹǵģ
ھָҪ֮ʣ֪ʲôԭ򣬱˾ͽʵ˵ӣȴǺȻٶȴһԹı
ã
Ȼ˷˾ͽʵɫȴȻȻҲȥǾָһǳ·ӱӶȥ
û˾ͽʵĿƣǸָҲɢȥ
˾ͽʵ׷˱ôã㻹ǰһ£ˣ
˾ͽʵ·ȥ֮ʣһ̶ЦҲǴ˳õùŷüͷ̲ס΢΢һ塣
ħ
΢Ƭ̣ŷ뵽ЩΪõ׵۴֮ʣ
û뵽ħȻ֣Ҫʲô
һ˿ɻĹâŷ罫Ŀ⣬εĶ·ҪħǺεһݡ
ߣħ
ǵЦ˾ͽʵʱЦû뵽㾹Ȼҳ֣Ȼˣͱˣ׵ڴ˴ɣ
Ҫң
ħЦٶȴݶԭԣֻûôˣ
ס˾ͽʵȴҵ
ǣħˣ֮УٶһŷϤõùŷüͷ̲סĽ
ӣϽɱǸйŷСӺ˾ͽʵģô
һħѾǳߣȻŷ翴ħʲôӦþħˡ
ãֻҪܱҽΣ
Ҳû룬ǴӦʱѾǳ׵ıռݣΪ˱𣬱˵һ壬𣬿ҲԥĴӦ
ܺã̫ˣһ㱨ģ
ħ֮Уٶȴħһڹӵ֮ȥ
ߣݵ÷
ʱһ߶Ȼһ޴ӡٿնǵڹȥ
ס˾ͽʵ
ۿŵֵҪ٣ħǴ̶ٶȴ˳
˾ͽʵĶңħ˵飬ͲҪȥˣ
˾ͽʵҲЩľģϾʵ˾ͽʵһЩģֻΪħҲֻӲͷƤˡ
䡭
֮ʣŷΪϤ֣ٶȻ۶𣬳˾ͽʵŭĶ£ͷ˾ͽʵִҪħĻȻܹɹҲضˡ
ߣСС֮ħ廤Ҳ˲񣬽գҪʶʶϷʵ
Ȼڹŷĵ֮ʣ˾ͽʵȴʺһָңңһ㣬ռٶ˺Ѷһɾָٿնֺȥ
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ŷԶԶ˺ͼ֮ľ룬ܵһ˿̶ֳȵս¾һ˿ನҲһˡ
磬ŷҲǼ֮ϵĸ֣˾ͽʵԼħ廤һȣȴʵ̫ԶƸͲһȼĴڡ
֮УֺͰɾָཀྵ֣һʱ֮䣬ȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
˾ͽʵĪΪһʵûҲ̫Сˣ
ʱħǴ̶ĹЦȴٶȴ˳
ƣ
䡭
ħһȣһɫʱնЯŹħƣǿµİɴֺȥ
ꡭ
һ˲һ֮Ǵݶ󣬹ŷǾķ֣˾ͽʵ֮ǰµǵɴֱ֣Ǳɫȥ
˾ͽʵվסģ
һк˾ͽʵĴ֣ħЦһǼӵ屩Ӷȥ
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ǰɾ޽ħ֮УȴǶȻüŭ˾ͽʵ㾹Ȼʥ
ԸЩƻħȻҪ׼˾ͽʵЦ
ߣһ˾ͽʵǾ֮ͨӣǽջǰҲͱ㵽˰ɣħ׵
仰һתЦΪ׼ħһʥҲŲ٣
ħ٣ȥ
ۿǰɾ޽Ҫ£ħʱһһڹ⣬ħ֮зǰɾ޽ӭȥ
ڹڰգѾԳ壬Ȼһͨڵħ٣ħٲ֪ǺֲȻӵżΪǿ֮ռ価Ѷǰɾ޽ڰ֮кȻײ
ˡ
ײɲǣһȦۿɼʥΪģɢգ󷽲Ż
һʥ
ڰ֮жޱȵʥǹŷУһ˿֮ɫʥ֮Ѿ
żʱԪתҶƾʥ֮ȻǿԻѷ֮ħ
ǿȼɴҲԿʥܣŶôǿˡ
ʱʥ˾ͽʵħȸʩչܣףǲ飬еĴ󲿷¹һײܳ׵ĽڸΪƽء
ʱǹŷڹۿ˾ͽʵħսݣƺһӰնŴ˴۶
ħҹȻСˣǧ㣬û뵽㾹ȻҲһʥΪ֮ıɷһİ
ʱ˾ͽʵνǳ׵ħҲʥҪһжͳ̫ˣңҲ޷ħĶ
˾ͽʵھ֮ͨҲվ㲻ģ񣬿Ǳʤһ
ħһЦӵȥ
ħƺֻһ壬ı壬ӦѾķӡ֮У׵Ļٵˣ
ǳɿ쿿ĺӰŷУȴͷת
Σ˾ͽʵȻѾ޷ȥħõħõʵȻǻٶȱǣ˵ãָܻ۷塣
һԸĻɾûǰˡ
׷롭
ţŷУȻһеͺһ
͡
Źŷĵͺһ۲ɼС룬ü֮бĳ·ħӶȥ

꼼ȻǺѸܵο꼼ҲֻħһŻᣬħȻ޷뵽ŷ羹Ȼ깥
ʱ䣬һҺħﴫ伱ٳӿ壬̲סĳ󵹷˳ȥ


207 
ɶ񣬾Ȼǻ꼼㾹Ȼ꼼Ǹ
ħ٣ֻʣޱȴʱŷһ׷빥ǸоԼԽ
ǹŷٶΣ»пܣõɢ
СӣȰòҪ£ٸһҺ£㣡
ɺĿ⣬һ㳯Źŷõùŷ綼̲סĴһ
ħֲ
ŷüͷ壬ʶıܿ˶ԷĿ⣬Ϊħһ壬ŷǼΪСġ
ƣ
ʱһȣȻֻһֱ˾ͽʵ֣ʱǱ˾ͽʵİɾָȻ䱬ǰɾָͣٵģħȥ
˾ͽϹݵò񣡡
Լʽƣ֮УҲһŭȴħƻۼ䣬һֻֻ۶𣬳˾ͽʵİɾָȥ
֪ƣ
ħȻ˾ͽʵɫҲȻ䣬һָ㶯
ˡ
˾ͽʵĶ֮УһȸղǸָҪ׳ľָƿն϶µģħȥ
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ʱ䣬쳹ħڵĿռѷ֮УħһҷУһЩŭĺ
Ƭ֮ħֹͣ˷ħڵĿռѷ죬Ҳʧ
ȻħѾǱˣˡ
ħڿ㣬ʲôֶΣ
һٽħ˾ͽʵǽĿ⣬·ħϣһ˿Ц֮ɫ
ߣ˾ͽȻżֶΣգұҪõ޷赲ҵģ
֮ʣħٶȳӵ˹ȥ
Ȼˣǽ죬ɣ
˾ͽʵɫһ䣬ָȻ·ŭȥ
䡭
ɾָٶ֣ѹռ䣬·ħѹȥͷҪһɱ

Ȼ˾ͽʵľָħȴǲŲʣЦһû˿ͣٵģӵȥ
ħӦû׼Ŷԣ
ŷ۾΢΢׷ʱ׼Σգǲħõӵ
ħҪõһǼΪ׵ģǶԷȴƫƫӵִŲţ˵ӵʺġ
ٺ٣˾ͽϹ뻵ħ˵ĺ£ûôף
ۿ˾ͽʵľָҪ£һЦȴȻõùŷͷһȻˡ
󣬹ŷǷ֣ħ࣬һ˺Ȼ֣ħǰ
һλħ𣿡
ͻȻֵӰŷüͷ̲סĽ˵˿λħأԷħ棬ҲһȽĽɫ
ħȭ
һȣӰﴫһȻ죬һֻͬŰɴСľȭͷ֮˾ͽʵµľָӭȥ
䡭
Ƭ֮䣬õռ޲ײ֮쳹ռѷֶΧһС
ৡ
ȻӰ˾ͽʵָ֮ʣħҲѾٶߣЦһŶԷȥ
׷룡
ʱһֱעħĹŷ磬ͷȴһͺȣ׷ٶʩչ

ħȻֹһ˺ѷεĲҽ֮ħƣǱð࣬ģŷ翴һκӰ
Сӣ㾹Ȼλ£գҪɱ
һαŷƻ˺£ħ׵ıŭɺѪĿ⣬ݺݵ˹ŷϣ˲
ħĿ⣬ŷʶıǱ˿ǾãħĿ⣬ƺͬѰٽħһΪֶΣԹŷ磬Ըܿ
ĳСӣÿζǱܿҵĿ⣬ҵ󷨣޷ʩչ
ŷʹħЩʵŭһֻʣ꣬õֶΣҲ깥
ֻħȴ׷ȽϵµĻ꼼ΪħǲмȵµĻ꼼ģ󷨣ǱȽϲĻ꼼
ֻȻϲ㣬ÿʩչҪһǰᣬǱǱҪϵ˵۾ܽʩչ
Ϊû֪Ե꣬ħƾ󷨣սʤ˲ǿУ׵ۣǱشԱġ
û뵽ǧ֮󸴳ͷʩչ󷨣ǽ
£ǲʩչ󷨣ȴ޷Ըŷ磬ܶԸŷ磬޷õӵ
һ̣ħһֵУõֱץ
ħˣ춯֣µʵӲ˶ã
һֱ൲˾ͽʵӰħȻԭأʱ̲סȵа
ǵӰıȣħȴûбĶĿǰϼ깥ǵõӵ壬ҲشҪָ֪Ҫȵʲôʱأ
һΣСӻʩչ깥͵÷Ϻõˣ
˼Ƭ̣ħһҧٶȳ˹ȥ
͡
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ߡ
ħ֮Уһħƺ֮ȻһħûдҽУȻģȴǱǰΣҪࡣ
Сڣ޷õӵˣߣ
ħŭһħһڣѾʧˡ
ߣСӣջħ˺£գȻʬΣ
ӰħѾȥҲǲҶͣŹŷŭһα𽥱䵭󳹵ʧ
˵Ŀ⣬Ϥƺ
ڼǵӰĿ֮ʱŷУȴһ˿ɻ֮ɫȷȷǼĿ⣬Ǿһʱȴͷ
ৡ
ħߺһֱͰɾ޽ħ٣ҲǶȻգʧ١
ħʵƻ
ħߣ˾ͽʵҲһȴδȥ׷ϣʱΪؼģǻٵӵΪء
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ɾ޽˾ͽʵ壬һ֮£˹ŷǰĵ˵ͷ
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ŷҡͷһЦ˵ҲЩ꣬ڵõ׵ǰĴ֮󣬱Ǻ׵ǰ֤һħΪڵż֮У̫ãõħȥ˽յľ棡
ŷС𣬾ȥҲһֹܹħһ壬λʵǵĶ֣
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˾ͽʵδԣһ㣬һɴСľָƿնѹȥ
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·ӣħһ㣬ɴҲԼãӶڹŷ˾ͽʵǺ޵һʲôز
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һضɽңڣ˾ͽʵһָ֮£ƽأӸովĵطһ׵Ĵӡ
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˭ûз֣ԭӦѾǱٵӣߺ󣬾Ȼĳԭء
ǰվһӣĿŹŷ˾ͽʵķһ˿Ц
ˣܹù˾ͽʵӾ£ҲԿóʵŶôֲˣ


208 ۻ
峿ɫδһӰѾԺ֮Уеĳ
ʱӦû˯ߵУɴҲԿӰӦǱȽڷܵˡ
ৡ
ӰϵĻӶгһ⣬ҲɢҶֿȥû˿Ĺɿԣƺ֮ˣһѧĲ
Ǵʱ˵ĻһͬΪӰˣǶΪ𾴵ģŷ̫ϳϡ
Ӱǹŷ磬ڵĹŷ磬ҲѾǲڵͨӣ̫ϳϡ
գڻ֮ڵͷҪڵ֮λȴŷƴˡ
ƴǵɱǣܵԼҲһֱ֮С
ͷΣλһǸ˹ŷһ̫ϳϵͷֻһͷԹŷʱڵĵλţɶҪ߳ࡣ
ŷһֱΪǹҵĪԪҲоյĴ˳
ĪԪ˵Ҫڵ˴ȥвŷģǺȻ䣬˵һλҪڣЩѺ˰·ڵӣһĶˡ
ҲˣԵɺ֮£˳
ৡ
һŷ绺ͣеĶʩչģľԽľ괺һʽŷһֱǺ⡣
ǵڣҲȫû˿ͷ
Ѿһأľ괺û˿Ľչȥɽ֮ˣܹջҲһ
Ϊε̾˿ŷתط
һŷ˱Ƚѵõƽ
ÿգȻ
ȻѾǺķѵ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ڹŷ˵ǲɶõƽˡ
٣ÿȥԸˣҲÿţȴˡ
ȻˣŷУʵһֱһ̵ģǱħ
Ǻ׵۱֤һħƫƫģħˣһ޼ɵ
ŷҲ֪ħȻֻһ壬λħû˿İ취
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻͷޣҲʵ
˵ʵŷ絹ǱȽģڰǰѾǳɹĴԪһתͻƵԪת֮
ŵȼԽҪѶȣҲԽĿǰҪͻƵԪתƻò̵ʱ䡣
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ȻʱһȣȴǶȻõĹŷĲɵ΢΢һ٣һ˿Ц
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תŷ翴ǰǵٻӰһԸʵ
ιʲô鰡д裬ǸӣҲķ˿ж٣Ŷӻ󲻵أ
ŷһĿ࣬ٻӰʱмƳƳ죬Ĵ۾Уȴһ˿Ц⡣
ҪٻӰ˭·ǵúսԵĺĪˣ
ķʱĺ飬ҲǴӵΪɬСһͤͤĴŮ
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˵Ӯ˰ɣ˵㲻ϧ˵˰ɣ˵ˮ󣬹ŷɴͶźˡ
ⲻԭڸĳ峿ˣΪ˵ȺʱȥˣôѾͷ
ֻȻģһУҲǲˡ
ЩŶҪд˰ҪҸҺæģŷ˰ͷٶתҪط
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ŷҪطʱóԼɱﵣ˵
㡭ݣ
һ⻰ŷ̧ĽŲȴôҲȥˣֻ֮תݺݵص˺һۣ飬ҲǺηģصһۡ
飬쿴ʲôˣ˵ǴҲŷ̫ϳϣʲô֪鰡
ǾǰҶǺýãûҪôҴŰɣ
ʱùŷͷ۲ѵĽŷ粻ÿҲ֪Ȼ˾ͽº»ˡ
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λ֦չĴŮŷʱԼͷţһ͹ܵˣҲ֪ʲôӣȻĸһˡ
˵Ҳ֣˾ͽ¸ŷӡһ󷽣ľׯģҲ֪ôˣϲЦеʱ򣬻ֳһʮȻ̬õùŷ簵
»ҲΪ֣ƽʱһֹˣȴȻʼ˵һƵģùŷһļƤ
ʫ꣬һĹùŷ簵ϲ
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ȻǶ֪Ҿ˵ôҸ˸ˣҲ壬Щ˰ɲô齿ЦһЩϷʵĿŹŷ硣
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һԵ˾ͽº»ڼŷ˷Ӧ֮ȴԽĺվʫ꣬ȴһӾͺ͸ˣ޵֮У˵Ľ֮ɫ
ߺߣдͲд裬ЩŶӵȥ
ĺߺһתת˾ͽº»Ķߣ˵Ҳֹ֪ʲô
ŷڼ龰֮ĵȴǰһн飬ȴǸǧ顣
ԭǵ̫ϳϣȻ˷һ氡ȻҹŮӣ
Ƭ֮˾ͽº»ǿŵĴõʫһ׵ͨһ͸ƻһ㡣
ʵ飬Ҳֹŷ磬ȥʫ꣬Ҳ֪ôģʫ꣬ر޶ˣǴûпǹŮ֮µĹŷ磬ҲǲɵһɻȣȻ鲻Խʫϣݺݵһڡ
棬ȴñ¶ĺˣǣǰвŷڣһֱҪŷд衣
ףԭôְ
ڹŷ粻֪λش֮ʣһЦȴ֮һ㣬ڹŷСԺ֮ٶ
ӰһѵʳƣȻǹŷδĺԶСɡ
˵Ҳ֣ŹŷʵĲߣͺԶСɽӴʱԽԽ٣õˣϵ
ֽܹŷ絽ҲֵļϾǶԼĺѡ
ȻڣãǱʹʹĺһԶ죬ҲˣֱǴӹŷϳһѶϣʼк
ڹŷ簵ЩŮ뿪֮ʣ»ˣֱڹŷĿУһͶ˹ŷһƵĿ⡣
Ļ
ʱһЦһλ׷ӻż˴Цһ
ڴˣŷȻǲİΪǺ͹ŷ֮УĪԪ
õùŷһֱڻıǣĪԪͷƺһֱˣ䲻ȥˡ
ĪԪʦ֣
ĪԪŷУһֱǰ˺ѵĿģȴֺͺԶСɲͬĪԪŷ绹һ־ء
ǰˣŵģһɲļ㣬Լ塣
Ϊ˾ȹŷ磬ԸⲻһеʩչԪŽΪڣԸͦԼڵİȡ
֪ܼܲһ
ʱһӰЦĿŹŷˡ
ʦ֣
һЦ꣬ŷϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼе⣬ʵǣҲͲʲôϵˡ
Ҳǲ
һڵ͹ŷһΪŵӵˣҲ˹ŷСԺ֮УõùŷСԺ඼վӰ
һԤıɣ
ֲѵСԺŷϣҲǵ˿ĵЦݡ
ԭſ
˽Ƿ׷״Цŷ磬ҲǸŴЦָоҪģҲػסġ
УȴģһֲõԤУƺʲô鷢һ㡣


209 ͽ
һʳĳһϺĳġ
һεСۣһһҹʱ䣬ڵڶ峿ʱ֣
ȥ¥գǶᣬࡣ

Դ˺һʹõùŷʹԴ۾΢΢׵˹
Ѿ𣿡
̧ͷһѾе̫ŷЦһһκȾƣʵ˵С̳ˣһ̳ҲȻõࡣ
ǹŷȴδҲͬûлԣһȵĶᡣ
ӦѾ˰ɣ
˿ſϡϵĺԶˣŷȴЩȻ̾˿
һѪľۻᣬŷĲ²⵽ʲô鷢ȻȵҹʱٻӰǷֱŹŷȥˡ
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ŵһϽƣŷԺУɵٴλ˵ӰԼǷֱʱᡣ
Ҳ֪һεķֱ𣬺ʱһҲ޷ټ˰ɣЩӵ૳ŷУҲ֪ԼʱǺζ
˵˶ŷڣȴһѡ
˾ͽº»壬βֻ֪ǣʱûʸ񣬸κεĳŵ
ķ֮ʣŷҲȥǼ˯һļһڣһ֮Уʼ˿ľ괺
ͬǣһΣŷľ괺ʱȴǱһ飬ľ괺ʱһ㣬ΪֱȻȴģڴһεļ档
ĪǣľˣҲһ飿
˴ŷ絹ǾúпܣûʱȥЦһǿʼ
֮У裬Ҷ䣡
һӰʱֱӣеĳ⡣
ľ괺ֻһУǴʱڹŷʩչʱȴǲϱ任
ڴ˵Ļ֣ᷢǵȥһУǿľ괺־ãЩʽȴָͬ
ȻֿΪȴõùŷϣ̲סһĨÿЦݣΪڣףľ괺֮ڡ
ৡ
һӶŲԶĴ۶ȥһΣĨ⣬ȴǺ͸ղţ˼Ĳͬ
Ĩ⣬ֻһΪǿȥȴڲϵı任һָоͬһŴһļ֮еı任һ㣬ѿļïʢ＾ݻƣ㡣
һ⣬չһı仯
ԼĽŷһЦս
Ŀľ괺⣬ҲľԵ԰ɣ
ŷи̾һȻɹľԵУУȴҲһпľ괺Ǻƣֻֻȴ
Ҳֻ֮ǰܣܳɣ
ֻǵȴڣҲ
ôˣоԼȻƵģ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ̲סԼԴЩ뷨ӳԴ˼ѾԵƣ֣ܹ׵ԣʱӦþͿȥˡ
ܣŷһֱһʼûʲôֻ֪򣬶ȻһּΪֶΡ
Դں˾ͽʵһսʱˣܡ
˾ͽʵʲôûõûжֶΣŷܹ뵽ģҲֻ֮ǿӵеˡ
ԪתӣڶԷ˾ͽʵ֮УǱ׵Ķס壬û˿ķ֮ɴҲɼܣǺεȿֲˡ
ȻˣŷҲ֪֪֮ƿҲȻ޷˾ͽʵǰ㣬ɶסԪתĸ֡
ǣֻҪܹԷһ˿鷳Ƕʵ൱ˣҲ
ŷҲ֪ҪɹĲ򣬻֪ʲôʱأϾԣôˣ򣬶ȻǸѵġ
ҡҡͷŷȥ룬Щ飬һһϾЩҪԵǻԵˣ˵ãƬ̾ǻԵֻ¾һҲջ
Ҳ֪ǼһûУ˯ľȻһ
һЦŷųڷ˻ȥ
Ĺŷ磬ڵ̫ϳϣټһֲʵ˵ˣǰڸҲû˷ԣ˵ãһЩ˻֧֡
ŷٶȻصԼСԺ֮ʱѾȥ¥ˣֻżʮۣΪĴɨСԺ
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Ϊ۵ǣһ֮У޷õŵ̤֮ߵĵ·
˵һȽϲпʵҲһΪεʵ
һˣŷҲҡͷһЦ飬һֱĹأŷ磬ҲӸĶ
΢΢ҡҡͷŷ쵢һ죬ûŷ绹пϧأǶȻ˷ʱˡ
ף
Ȼ·һŮԵʱȴ̲סķһףŲһ٣ֱĶŮ
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ʱŮƺҲӦ̧ͷЩŵĿŹŷ磬еŷ̫ϳϣ
Ȼŷ翴Ůʱüͷȴ̲סĽ
Ůŷüͷ壬ʱŵɫһףΡΡ˵ŷ̫ϳϣãǵùŷ̫ϳ̫ϳ𷣣
ŮȴҲۣʱһŵɫףһЩСģǹ˵ϣŷ
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ֻǣǿǰľʱȴ̲ס΢΢һ㶣Ϊ˵İƣûϣˣһɫ任
Բ𣬹ŷ̫ϳϣҴˣһɣ
һ˲˶ʱ˵ϣ̲סĵ̫ϳϣȻĪˣӦԳͷŶԣţǸ
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ԺٶǸɰСѾͷŷУҲӿһ޾˼
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ץŹŷƣһʱ֮䣬ԭأȫ֪ô죬ھϲͬʱЩֻţŷ̫ϳϣԼһ۶ѣΪŷĵӣԼܹĺܺ
ɷˣΪ˹ŷ̫ϳϵͽܣ£ǸܰƤҲ۸㣡ɲǰ
Щۣһ۵ĿǼɫŮۣԹﰵ޹ŷû۹⣬ôͿ˲ڵ


210 ͽ䣬
ǸĪ飬ôܻᱻŷ̫ϳһ£ǰҲ̫ͷˣ
صԼס֮£ŭþƽС΢оԼϣѾǿκ֮ٶȳԼСݣȥ
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ոճŵ£ӭͷһλ£Է˵ʱ̲סһ£ʵ£Ƿʲô飿
㻹֪أ
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ʲôŵӰŷ糤һεյģɲǵӣ˵˵ǺЩԨԴЩĽĿһ¡
ЩԨԴ
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ȻµĻµɫȴ˲Ұ֮ǰĪ飬㲻ϺãһΪĿ̡
ĪһԾ˹ŷͽܣǲݻǵλɶҪ߳ʮǧĪҪĻһ仰飿
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Ĺŷ磬ȻϵʵֻԪһתʵŷѾͻƵԪתˣʵսܹݵĵһˡ
Ҫùŷˣֻһֱ޻ᣬ񣬹ŷҪͽˣЩϼ޻ļһǣȻûзŹĵ
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ڹżҵĴ֮УһŵĿͣЦܰԷԸʲôģȥ̵ͽܰ
Ϊŷ縸ףȻޱȵ˽ŷ磬ԹŷǵԸôܻ໨ʱ䣬ȥ̵ͽܣңŷԼŶ󣿻ͽܣ
ѽ磬ģѽСҪͽܵ飬ѾݶˣҸҲ׼˹񣬴ǰȥأ
ͿһŵĹƣԭز߶ȹϵϵĸо
ô˵ˣƻЩŰɡ
Щţ͵˵ͷǧȷ˵ҪҪȥףذô˵ҲǵģͽܣͽˣԣͽŮ
ǵȻҪȥȥǿҴóҪ񣡡ƶʱЦһ
磬ǼҴ񣬲Ҫ͸δĶϱôҪ͸СͽˣЩɵĵ
ٺ٣ǱԷԸôܻͽܣҿһΣ϶ͽǼ٣˵ãǿǸСЦ
ǰôû뵽أ
ЩյһԴЦٺ٣û뵽С绹ͦа취ģ
һЦͱǴҴȥȥȡνļҴȥˡ
ŷǲ֪ͽͷȻᱻԼϵһּΪ뷨׵ˡ
ݼŷ硭ŷ̫ϳϣ
ݵһʱ䣬ٰͲ֪֮жȹڹŷ磬߲ʵˣԭֻԶԶĿһӰ
ûҲȻˣôܵһֹϵ
ţȰʦ֮ҪĿˣ
ŷ΢΢˵㣬һӣǽ˵ʵڵģͽͷŷûй
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ȻŮֻǺ˳ƣͬһˣԸҲͬǲ֪ôģŷҪĳ嶯
֮˸ߵҪٰͽ䣬ҲΪڵ˶֪Ѿŷͽܣһۡ
ŷһʱЩ֪վԭأԴģҲ֪Щʲô
еŷ۾̲סһЦţһǣû˸鷳
ţ֪ˣ˵ͷϸӦһ䡣
ˣһȥɣ
ŷˣֱۣһѾǳСݣֱն𣬳ڵȥ
Ƿɵĸоĺܲأ
Ϊţ壬˹ŷ绳У۾̲ס͵͵Ŀ˿·Ϊ˷ܣЩ̺졣
ৡ
գ֮䣬ŷѾ֮Уʱ֮УͷԼλϣһںĵӣȻС
ŷ̫ϳϣ
ŷ絽һڳԼĵӣ׷۾ȴ͵͵Ĵţŷ绳еǸŮ
ţλ񣬿𣡡
ŷ΢΢˵ͷ£˫һУЩĳԼĵӣǷ׷ײֱ
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ŷ̫ϳϣܹ۵ĵӣŹ֮Ůޣһżõ츳ˣڴˣعŷ糤ˣ
ʱһƽʱ͹ŷ΢Щĳϣǰ̤һ̲סĳŹŷ繧ص
ҵȹعŷ̫ϳϣϲðͽ
ĳԼĵӣŹŷ繧ص
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ŷһЦ˵ʵڵģΪͽֻΪ࣬츳ûô
ŷ磬Ѿ׼ǰ裬һС츳ԣһǰʦôʱͷŹŷѯ
ţҲã
ŷ˵ͷҲûзԣȻΪͽȻҪЩΣ˽һЩ츳ҲðصĴڡ
ŵİ֮΢΢ЩһԼ츳ãô찡ŷԸ⣬ЩǣҲȻᷴء

ʱһӰҴҵܽ˴˵Źŷ̫ϳϣŵǰ˵Ҫعŷ̫ϳϲðͽ
ã룡
˵Ļر֮ͷϣʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ֵ
ţţô֪Ҫͽģߵİɣŷüͷ̲ס΢΢һ壬˵ʵڵģû㣬飬µġ
ǸѵõĻᣬȻҪˣͷȴǴЦһ
ðɣɣ
ŷҡҡͷҲûзԣҲͷ뷨޷ǾҪǿڣѾǲͬա
ǰףأ
ȭǰףأ
ǰףأ
һʱ֮䣬֮УźõͷһϣЦݣùŷΪ


211 츳
ţһٶѾȫ룬ܱߵһЩҲǰףصģڣѾȫڹ㳡ϯλϾͽ䣬ʱԿʼ
һλƽʱ⽻ĳϣʱ˽˵һ˿Ц⣬Ȼн֮ɾͣҲõҡ
á
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ʼɣ
ŷЦҡҡͷֻҪڵ֪ˣû뵽ڣŪݣ˾֪
һֱվڹŷԵ΢΢СԴһ˫С֣İŪ½ǣ۽ë΢΢Ĳš
ֻһۣƽʱǼһŵӣǽŵҪ񵹺ãݵĴﶼˣҪ˵ţǲйأ
Ҫ£һң
΢΢磬ŷһЦͷһ𣬳Ĺ㳡ȥ
ʱĹ㳡ϣν֮һ֮һЩ΢һЩץסѵĻᣬʼʹĽЩǿƵš
ЩɧŮӣϵĶڵĵüۣϣܹõһЩҲöһЩŵĿء
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Ĺŷ磬ݿν죬Ҫͽᣬû·ܹŷ翴أҪΪͽܵˣȻͨɫ
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˵ʵȻñȽΪΪۣһЩۻټӪԿرĳڡ
˵Ŀ⣬ŷܹоĵȴһЦǶͷ˵ţʼɣ
á
ͷ΢΢˵ͷǰ̤һգ̫ϳϹŷͽ䣬лλܹݹ٣ñԣڣͽʽʼ
˵꣬ͷ΢΢˵ͷ̧һʯʾȥ顣
ȥɣţһң
ŽŵĻڲŷ΢΢һЦ

ŹŷĻ˿ǹĪŲʯ˹ȥ˽ŵע£С֣˲ʯϡ
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֪󲿷ֵߣֻһԣߣνһ츳ͨУὫûǹŷΪڵ̫ϳϣȻܻûˣȻԵĵȼرĸߣǻ֮䣬ҲԲС
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˼ͻȻ䷢ı֮󣬶ʱһ𾪵ĵɴ۾ԣȻëǣҲȷڡ
ԵʣǱ˵ˣûҲֻһЩ漮֮ϣŻһЩء
ֻû뵽쾹ȻۼһоȫţԵš
ڵͷǺεĴЦ֮ϣԵ֮ɫ
ѵ츳ܺ
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ʲôʲô
ŷ־Ҳ̲סһ̾ҪͲˡ
һ޵֮УһλӱĿɾʱ۾ȴǶȻһ˫Ŀܹ͸޵ľһ㡣
ʡ
ֻǵһ䣬壬Ѿʧ
ڴͬʱһɫ޵֮УһλͷͷߣҲ˫ۣһ˿Ц⣬ӰҲͬʧ
һĻɲǷ֮С
ɽСӱߣһλڴĻߣͻأʧͣȴڰ߹š
һλڶĳͷüͷһ֮䣬ҲȻʧ
Сʦóˣȥӻ
һ֪ʲôطĹһλŰ۷ߣԵһλݼŮӣԸ
ǵģʦ𣡡
ŮӦһһ˿棬ȴǰ¿ȥúˣ
ĪҪƤȥأ
߷ܹ֪Ůһ㣬
Ŷ֪ˣ
Ů죬εӦһתȥ


212 Ⱥ
û뵽֮꣬Ȼܼһλоȫţң
һЦϿ쳹һξڵĹ㳡֮ϣԶŵüæС֣ܵ˹ŷߡ
֪Ǻˣ
ŷ罫۾΢΢ţεĶˡ
ڵ㳡֮ϣʱҲǱһĻĳװͨȻǳ˿ΪͻȻ֮ˣȻǼΪֲĴڡ
ӣ˷оȫʳ֣Ϊӣ
ξһţ羪һ¡¡졣
ӣ
û뵽ȻӶǰˣ
оȫʣȻ˵ջ
㳡֮ϣξԱţʱһ̲ס󣬱۵Ŀ˹ŷ
ܹõӵԺ֮;Ȼǲġ
ץԼСԽŷüͷҲһСɽھûкøУ˷Էǰõùŷв졣
Ͼô˵ҲͽɣԷֱףҲ̫ˡ
뵽ŷȻڵҲʲôӻˮӣѾҵͽˣߵģ
ߣССԪҲ˿ڳԣ֪
ξŭһһţһǳŹŷ֮ռƬƬȥ
һǱ˾ͽʵȫ֣Ҫࡣ
֮ͨܣȻ˿ֲ
֮ϵĻϢŷУҲǲɵһ˵֮ǿߣŷ绹ܷһĻξһŷȴûС
˻ֶ֣ͨΣȷְͨ
쿴ǹŷˣ
ǰ֣ͨεϣǹŷһССԪ֮ļһܹģ
ξһֱܣ˷׷׵һڵˣĵ֮ɫ
Ͼʹ˵ȻԿʵڲܼġ
ǹŷճʲộںò׷Ҫѹſˡ
ٺ٣ӣû뵽㻹һİԵ
ȻۿҪڹŷ֮ʱǰĿռ䣬ȴȻѿһϵӰɿݵһӣǽǵȥ
һ
ͻȻֵߣȻǰŷһ鷳ǹŷһģȴԽĳȥ
鷢չزȻԽƿطΧһ֣ܹġ
Ϲ
ͻȻ֣һͷͷߣξݣȴȻߵϹĪҲҪһ²ɣ
ƣĪǻڵĻϹְɣ
ٺ٣˭ҸӽаģҲֻˣ
컹ûаȻôһϷ
ξȺУٶը˹һź췢ߵݡ
ٺ٣ӣ˵ϷƵģŮޣϷնˣ
췢̲סļЦһӣ㻹ǿȥɣƾһϷĶ֣
ߣǾԿ
ξɫһ䣬һţһ֮ղţҪӿź췢ߺ˹ȥ
һθֱ֮õÿռУһڶΧһС
ãҿ쳷̫Σˣ
ȺУ֪˭Ⱥһ䣬һӰæӣԶӶȥͷҲǼæ͸λϣȥɢڵλӡ
׻˵ĺãɴܣꡣ
ʱλ֮ͨĸֶԾǲԶԶ뿪Ļǿ϶ġ
еˣǼųԶӶȥˣȴһֱƶֺǱǹŷ
ǹŷ粻뿪ǴʱͲ뿪ûжͻӭԷĹʱ֪ô
ڵĹŷ磬ѾЩڣȴˣǲ˵ĻôǿУ
ֻ½գ˾ͽʵˣҲ޲
ٺ٣ӣװϷѵ㲻֪ûʲô𣿡
׻ڵȴ˿õú췢ߺ£ԷǼЦһצһ̽һץһ޴Ļ޵ƾۣŭն˹ȥ
䡭
ռ䣬ƶڴʱһ£ƬƬգռѷ죬Ȼ֣ƣռ䶼ҪܲסҪһ㡣
󣬻޵˫˫ɢ֮С
ٺ٣ְ
ʱһЦȻ𣬶һλõߣȻ֣ڰգˣЦһ
Ͻлӣ㲻ҲͽܰɣĶӣǵ˼ң
ͻȻֵߣõñҪˣͣξ̲סĳһ
ӣȻҳЦǽлӣҹȥ
һʹ޵ľǱ˵лӣӣƫƫһʹҪʱõ߳ŭһƺӺݺݵ˹ȥ
䡭
ǾƺոߵƣȻһɽһ㣬ӵķŭҶȥ
ߣ㲻ɣ
ŭһһ׵Ȼӵǰ۳һֻ׵֣Ǿƺץȥ
ٺ٣ӣӵľƺôõģ
ۿ׵־ҪץסƺǾƺȴȻС׵ֵָ죬˹ȥݺݵĳξȥ
䡭
һ죬ξʱɢȥߵһЦצһӣǾƺٶȻصС
ٺ٣ӣԽԽˣ
߼Цһǰǿƺǣ̲סĺһڣһܵı飬ȵǾ¶һ㡣

ȻʱһȣȻ쳹һֻ֣Ȼͷ£ûзӦߣݺݵ˵ϡ
¡¡
ضһ޲һֻ޴ӡӶ˵ϣס
ߣϽлӾϽлӣΪһƾƺܽҺɢ𣿲
ξٶ׵ľ޴ӡһЦ
ȥɣ
ȻʱһЦȴȻξ֮쳹һֻ޴ľƺݺݵѹ£ξ׵ĵȥ
лӣһٵķǲŹģ
֮УĴһʵŭ֮
˼Ķ֣ŷȴԽĿЦȻ㲻ǺĪĸֱʵǲֹһǰ㡣
λҿǱ㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
ʱһЦ쳹һλƾն֣˹ŷǰЦŵȻ˭Ҳ˭ǲŮԼѡΣ
ιϹ㲻ȥ㣬ʲô
þƺֹ߲һ㷽ǿУǸСŮԼѡɡ
˵ţ߻˿췢ߣʵϹûⰡ
ߣлӶû⣬ʲô⣡
췢߲ʾһ
˵Ϲ˵˶ٴˣҪҽлӣôû԰ǲܣ췢߳ΪлӣþƺߣʱԸˣ۾һɣݺݵضź췢ߡ
ߣһ㲻ɣϴα͵һһ췢ߺõ˵
ϼһλŮѡ֮󣬰ôôû˹ǣûЦһ
ٺ٣Щ
þƺߺٺһЦҲûмȥ췢ߡ
Сޣѡ˭ʦ
öλͷҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣ̲סĳʵ
һҪѡ𣿡
ʱһŵΰף岻Ծĳŷ翿˿


213 Ʒʦ
һҪѡ𣿡
ЩηĿǰͷոնԷĿֲȫܴʱ˽һЦĿȴ൱η塣
ѡɣ
ŷ簲οļͷҲڰοԼ˴ʱŷѾ޷ֹߵʵ
ȻжԴų⣬ȴǺް취ʵЩֲǰۿһµʸûС
ǡң
Щɣϲͷ֮еκһǶ쳣ֲǶ˵ⲢҪ
˰湻Զģ
ȻʱһŴĽڹŷ˱Ƿ֣һǽٻӰȻ
һ
ŷпЦһŮһۡ
ŮӴԼ˷һɫĽ£ģǡô͹˳Ůӵĳ࣬ҲǳĶˣټһƤЦݣһ־޴ɱ
ŷ磬Ҳ̲סĶ࿴ۣΪŮ֮ʫ˾ͽµˣҲѷɫһݶصζ
ŮӴŴ֮󣬱ǽĿ˳йŷ缸ϣλͷֱǱˣĿ⵹ڹŷϣ࿴˼ۣ촽΢˭оȫʰˣ

ЩֵŮӣŷȴ̲סһЦȴδΪ֪˱಻ס
ȻŮӵĻո£췢̲߱סĺȵСŮޣôأǸСѾͷߵģ
ףСѾͷѵʣ̫ˣ
Ǻ췢һ˵ŮӶʱǽĿϣһ˿ϲ֮ɫߣʦߣʦȥʦ
˵ţŮӱһС֣תߡ
ߣҰѾͷôأҺǼͽܣ
ŮӾȻֱԼĻ췢߶ʱŭһһ˲֮䣬̵ĺˮһ㣬ӿõأǶȻɫ
䡭䡭
ں췢֮λߣͬǽչ¶ƹֱͨʣŮӸΧм䡣
ιͷСÿСͲǼƽˣ
ȻõλͷƵĲѪǣŮڼǿֲ֮󣬾û˿η壬Щͺǳһ
СŮޣʵǲ񣬽죬ϷúõĽѵѵ㣡
췢ƢΪ𱬣һû˵СѾͷӣ⻹ƽһΣŭһצһ̽ǳŻŮץ˹ȥ
͡
췢ߵצ֮ϣûӿȻ֮ռǱѿѷ죬ֲ쳣
ͷҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼõĺ췢߲ûһѪǣŮӶԴˣӶֱǲͷӣź췢ߵȥ
ٺ٣ǲ֪ߣ
췢Цһǽ˺𣬻Ůӵƣһ˿һûдǵ˷ӹ֮Ļûһ˿һʵ
Ǻ췢߿ɲΪԻŮܴͣﵽӹľ硣
䡭
һ˲һ죬ȻݶһӰҲͬƲһ㣬ź浹˳ȥ;УһüѪص˵ϡ
棬Ǿһ
ҡô磬Ҳܣ
Ůӵ֣ǲмƲƲǰģͬƵһλߡ
ǣƵģһλ֮ͨǿ߰Ȼ췢ͷûжǻŮӣƺҲûж˼򵥵һ֣Ǵ˺췢ߣõ˺üѪŮӣǺεȵʵ
㡭㡭ۡ
ڵϵĺ췢ͷŵָŻŮӣ˵ʲôǸ˵˸֣ٶһѪ
ʱλߣҲЩ粻ͻȻðĻŮӣʵȻǼΪֲģӸոһֻ¾֣һܹӮ˶Է
µǺʵֻҵȹªţδиһλǿߣ
ʱλߣҲǳ׵˻Ůӣ֮䣬ҲԭСŮޣ˸¡
ι˵ǷҪٲߵĻɱֱС²Ŷ
˵ţŮӻʾĻ˻ӷȭֻŮϵһĨƤ֮ɫȴôҲ޷õŮӣȻ˿ֲʵ
ŷ磬Ҳ̲סҡͷһЦҲˣŮȻʵΪĿֲȻ̫󣬶һһ˿ͯĵƤ
ֻǣϣǺε츳֮ˣͣʵҶԷеʦǺҲҲǼΪֲĴڣ
֮󣬹ŷЦҡҡͷЩδЩʱˣҪģѡһʵʦ
λͷȻʵҲ㳬ȺƢȴʵŹ֣һãϲȾƣһ˵ϲʲô㣬Ǹ췢ߣƢǻ𱬵
ǸˣⲻܵӰ죬ǸλŮӣƺһѡ
ŻŮӵвλͷǣ̲סһ鴤ʱգǱ˵вֻ˿ڵϵĺ췢ߣλͷҲĲҺͻŮӶ֡
ˣҲϷʹŮԵȻˣϷȸˣ
λϲߣЦŰ˰֣һתʧ
ٺ٣ĳˣϷ򻹵ץʱȥѣͲˣ
žƺߣҲǺٺһЦһ̣ѾܵӰˡ
ߣŮޣȻñ£Ϸ򼼲ˣˣ
Ǻ췢Ҳŭһռһ䶯Ȼʧ
Щ֮ͨĸ֣һģȻɲ⣡
ת֮ѾûӰλͷŷҲǲò̾˵ֶΣͲò۷
Ҳ֪Ҿʱܹӵͨ
֮ǰӽһսŷû˿ĺøУҲ̲סЩۡ
͡
Ȼڹŷ簵Щ֮ͨʵʱڹŷǿ׵ĻŮӣȴǺȻ֮ɫһףһѪ
ô
ŷһæȥãʦ㣬ǴʱʲôЩˣ»ݡ
û£ֻһЩˣ΢һ£ûˣ
ŮӸмĿ˹ŷһۣ˵ΪԷһһǵȽСʦͻʦ

˵Ů΢΢һ£ҿܵһˣΪʱңСʦһĻ˭زȥֻȽͻȥˣ
ãҪæ𣿡ŷ˵ͷû˿ԥͬ
ãҾУ
ŮӴŴ˵һϢȴԽ˫ַɿĽһӡᣬӡȥ
ˡ
ʱ䣬һڹŷ羪Ŀ֮Уһ׶ߵĿռŻŻ֮Уһλ۷ߣڱĿ
ৡ
ڿռŻֵ˲䣬ǰ۷߽յ˫ۣȴǶȻ˿ڵ֮ͫУǳһ㣬һۣŷ;ԴһѣΣòƿĿ⡣
ߣÿֲʵŻҾȻֻǿһۣѾǳܲס治֪˾źεȵʵ
ƶҵСʦˣ
ڹŷ簵֮ʣǰߵҲǻݶ
ǵʦƶһЩ鷳²һͬȥˣŮǿӣĴ
ţΪʦ֪ˣҲգվһδȹҲȥ߶߶ˣ
ǰ΢΢һֱ̾һӣŷԵ̲סĳŻ֮з˽ȥ
ŷ硭ŷ磬ģ
ԼɿĳŻ˹ȥȴεĶŹŷ磬йŷ糤ϵģǹ˹ŷ֡
ৡ
һ̣ûŻ֮УŻǻɢͬûгֹһ㡣
͡
ʱŷŵĻŮӣҲٶһѪ׵Ļ˹ȥ


214 ꣬
ͣһ죬һĨ⣬һܶӹһŴʱնϣпڴȴֿӿݣͬǱնϣǱײϵһ㡣
ţ콣Ҳˣ
Ŀ˿ԼĽһЦ쳹𣬶һӰս¶ǳա
ˣȻǹŷ硣
ι˵ŷ磬ˣһƽķ
ʱŷһٰĵĽһٻӰ˹ŷǰЦ˵磬ҳȥɣô
ð
ŷЦŵ˵ͷŴԼǰľգҲһ˿֮ɫ
ٻӰǱˣǵλŮӣֻΪŮˣס
һסǰʱ䡣
֮ǰŮӵʵѾǻָˣŷҲ޵ûŮӻȥɣǶԷȴƫƫߣһһŭ֮£ԣ֮ڣŷȥĶȥĶ
ƫƫģŮӻΪԼԣȻҪȥߣǹŷ粻ߣȻҲߡ
ÿ죬ŮӶøַȰŷ磬ȥ棬һģȫŷˡ
ʲô˵İûɣ
ŷˬĴӦŮȴ΢΢㶣ЩףΪʲô֮ǰžܾĹŷ磬ȻӦˡ
ȻˣûҾҪȥߣŷǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
Үŷ̫ˣҰˣ
󡭡
˵꣬ŮֱڹŷȻĿУݺݵһڣһĴӡ
ŷԭˣǻŮӣȴǻȸԾ뿪ˡ

ոձ׹գŷоþĵö󰡣
Цһŷתݣʼ׼ˡ
ʵ֮ǰŷѾ뿪ڵĴˣֻһֱڵһǱǷ콣
˷콣֮Ŵ뿪죬ˡ
Ҿŷ籾ʵҲ˽һߣͻƵԪת֮
Ҳǹŷ뿪ԭ֮һ֮дţȻݣʵģȴίʵ̫һЩǶһЩʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰǵһ𡣡
֮Ӱһǰһʽ̤뿪ڵó̡
ڣĹŷѾˣҲúһ˰ɣ
һɽ֮ϣһٻӰȻüĿȴεضţǵԶȥͦαӰ֮ϣʧ䣬ŵǣȴǹ
Ӱʫꡣ
ʫ꿴ǵӰ֮ʣ󣬲֪ʱѾǳһٻӰٻӰˣԼʮ꣬绪ïҳ༫һһЦ֮䣬Ǹһ޾ջ֮ɫ
̣ǿɲԵȹŷʫٿһۣȻߣʫûлͷȻ֪֮˵ݣ֮Уһ˿ǿĿ֮ɫ
һ۵Сɵϣ
ǳŮ΢΢һ̾˵Ҳ֪һߣҪܾòܻصڣңǸʱʵȻѾǼΪֲ֮Ĳֻ࣬ԽԽ裬ܺһģ
ңߵŮ飬ǳ㣬ʵҲǼΪ˵ߵôСŮޣʵֲ֮Ҳ֮͸
ҪһֻбǿܹпܣŮ˿ĵȰ˵
Ҳ֪ЩֻһߣҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲ټʫĵ̾һԹģʵۡ
ɵѾͷǶѲͨˣʵԽߣԽ۵ӣѵ𣿷ǣ˵ˣأ
ŮЩʫԴ˵
ţ̣ҾˣҸߣʫ΢΢˴ü˵ͷͬ
ãھȥ׼
Ů˸˵Ӧһ䣬һѾûӰȻȥ׼ȥˡ
ŷ磬ʫҲҪ뿪أҲ֪ټ֮գǺʱǸʱʫһܹõˣ
˵ţʫ̾˿תԼסȥ
硭
·Ĺŷ磬ûɵĴ˸磬õһĪ֪ôģо΢΢Щķꡣ
ŷ磬㲻˰ɣ
ڹŷĻŮӣҲǻƶŷȻ磬ʱЩȵĿŹŷ磬ڹŷĿ֮УĶͷ
ᰡ¶Ⱥ΢΢ҡҡͷƶһᡣ

ĻƶŷʵЩ֪˵ʲôˣͬʱҲʵǺܺ棬Ǹֲߣνģܰ浥֮統еҪ֡
ôһϣŷеķ꣬ҲĪʧȥ

ŷ磬ҪȥĶΪʲôɽ֮߰
ŷ磬һ㶼棬ҪȻǻȥɣ
ŷ磬Щˣҿɣ
˼֮أƶǲıԹ֮ȴǲʱ쳹õùŷͷ֮࣬Ҳ˼ֳơ
ȻƶùŷͷĵطɾԲֹôһ㡣
ǵãһ죬ŷһͷʵ൱ħޣԴĥһЩԼʵǻû֣ƶһǷȭֱӽͷħ޸ˣõùŷŭü춼ûдƶ
ƶƺҲ֪֪Լ˴Ϊ˺úõıһҹĿ⣬ֻ֣󣬹ŷʵЩʳЩ֮Լ¿һΡ
֮󣬻ƶǹֻ࣬Ҫŷ粻;Բֵġ
ֻõĹŷģһΣһͷ֮ħ׷ɱСʱƶӲһָͷû
ºԭǹŷûгæһֱûг֣ùŷʵһѡ
ʱ򣬹ŷͻƶദǺģ٣õڿģ˵˶ûС

ž
ڵҹɫ֮£һ𣬻ڣĽ֮࣬һž졣
ߣŷ磬һ֪û
ƶЩĵĲŪһֻ֣ȴֱĶţһĹŷ磬ﲻʱֹ䡣
һﲻ˵ʱ򣬻ζ
ӳ£ŷЩգƶȴǲ֪һ
ޣһôףѿˣ
Ƭ֮󣬻ƶЩշ̵ƿĿ⣬ҹɫϺڣûˣǿ΢ķա
ڻƶƿĿһ˲䣬ȴǲûз֣ŷǱϣһĨײĺÿȡ
֨
Ȼڻƶ֮ʣһ΢ģ죬ȴǶȻ˹ŷ֮УõĹŷյȻ
ʵŷѾֻΪ˻ƶڲϵֹһֱװ
͡
ҲڹŷɲǣһӰȻǰӹŹŷĻƶ˹ȥǵӰٶȣΪĿݣǹŷ磬κε
á
ŷȻһʱĻƶȴû˿ĲаһŷһȻŻƶȥѹ¡
˻
ڹŷЩ˲䣬Ҳ̲סĴһɫһ˲֮԰ͷ֮ϣŶĺ䡣

ŷͻȻĶõûƶʱһǸоŷ壬ѹԼϣõûƶ΢գǳ׵ĺ͸ˣһʱ䣬¹ײͣƿŷ硣
ڻŷȴû˿ܣҵʹõǰڣʹȥ
˹ŷľ磬ǵ첲ˣҲ޷õʹȥ
Ǵʱŷȴã־ʹõԺĸо
ŷ磬㡭ʲô㡭㲻ϲҰɣ
ʱں˼Ļƶ˿ûвŷѾǵһּΪΣյ״̬Щʵ

ŻƶŷǾǰһڣǱģʲôʱˣȻȥ
ףŷ磬ô˵ǲǲ˼

ʹϵϮټϻƶΪԲе⣬õùŷǰһڣ׵˹ȥ


215 ˫βŷʧ
ŷ硭ŷ硭
ѹϵĹŷԽĳأƶҲʹƹŷ磬ǰ֮Ҳûʲôһ£ƶҲķһ˿ԾæŻ⣬ŷ翴ȥʱǿŷǲ԰׵˵ա
ŷ磬ôˣ㲻ҪҰ
ŷʱģƶҲǽæһӹŷ󽫹ŷ籧ڻǸŹŷǼΪȶĺƶУǴһ˿ǻ
ৡ
ʱǵӰٶŻƶӶȥٶ֮죬֮ղţҪһֲֹ
ߡ
ȻһΣƶȴѷ֣һȭֱǰӰŭ˹ȥ飡һǰӰǱƶһȭ˵ϣص졣
ʱƶҲǿǰӰģһֻ˫βͨѩ׵
ߣû뵽㣿˵ҵĹŷ磬Ҫô⳥
ƶȻʶ˫βģӶŷȭвҪβùŷĻҾͽƤ㻹ˣ
ء
ŻƶΪ˵˫βС۾Уһ˿Իľ£һǳ෴ķӴܶȥ
ߣܣǰǱСúƽϣҵĹŷ磬ǲߵģ
˫βȻߣƶʱһһѾûӰ
ǸСӵңȻĻһΣҾͿԳɹˣֻҪǸѾͷһѪҾͿɻˣǸ
˫βһô棬ƶû׷΢΢˿һţȻܹԡ
ð㣬ԭһֱңΪҵѪ
˫β˿ʱһŭĽȣȴ͵𣬶ƶӰǳ˫βǰ
˫βһߣǻƶĻóѣڳֵһ˲䣬ǽݺݵ
ߣ»ôߣ
Լ֨֨֨Ͻл˫βƶʱһŹŷڵķȥ
ǣƶŷǰڵĵط֮ʱһӰ
ףŷأҸոǵþﰡѵҼǴˣң
˵ţƶǿʼɽ֮мѰֻʱƣƶһģҲǿʼ˹Ϊཫɽֶϸϸһ飬ȴûмŷӰƹŷƾʧһ㡣
ŷ磬Ķ
㲻ҪҺòãѽ
󣬻ƶֱǿʼɽ֮дſǻУʵֻۣŷȻˡ
֮һ֮졢졭
ƶƬɽ֮У߲ݵ죬ȴûҵŷӰ²⣬᲻ŷѾǱЩɽҰ޸ˣ
ÿÿ뵽ܣƶ᲻֪ųһ亹ͬʱҲǽеŭݺݵ˫βϡ
˫βᵽˣʲôʲôģܣȴӲˡ
ߣ㣬Ҫû㣬ŷôʧ٣УôԶľ룬ôҵҵģ
ҹ䣬һԱߣٶŻƶߵ쳹
ǹʲôʧ٣ҲܹҰԼûпƶץе˫βʱԩЦˣǽĺӣҲ͵ͷˣ񶾵ŮˣָҪôĥأ
ߣ㻹ҵҽͰ㿾˳ԣ㻹ôˣ
ƶһ˵ţҪ˫β֮С
ιιιŮˣôôݶ
˫β֪Լ»ˣƶľٶʱ۴
ߣֻҪ˵ô׷ҵģҾͷŹ㣡
˫βˣƶŵҡҡ֣ʵ
ߡ
˫βһҲ֪ŮУȻΣȴҲֻʵʵ˵ˡ
뵽˫β˵һ壬һ׷ٵı£ȴҲһǰᣬǱǱҧǸˣᵽԷѪ
꣬ҵһʱ򣬱ҧ㣬ΪҷҧһڣֵǣҾȻ˻˿Եı£ҲǴ󿪣࣬˿
˵˫β͸һ˿԰ܿģֿЦǣȻҵõһЩҲʧȥһЩ
ţʧȥʲôƶЩʵ
Ǻǣ˫βһ壬Ҳһ壬ԴǴ֮һ;Ƚˣ֪˿˶ٱ̶ʮʱ䣬ұѾԶԶĳԽˣΪ˫βһ壬ΪĴڡ
˵˫βЦңһ̤˫βһУ󣬵ȴ̤ľ磬ξҲ뵽پ
Ҫ֪磬ֻ˫βһ棬βˣ̤ҳɹΣ
ߣ㲻ǵõ˺ܶô𣿻ʲôƶһȴǲ˺֮ɫ
˫βЦǰǾ̤˻ξȴ޷ΣҰ˼⣬һżȻУҲŵ֪ԭ֮ˣΪҧ֮ʳѪѪ֮Уһ˿ϹѪ
ʲôô֪
ƶʱһžβ֣΢΢һЩضܣʦûе֪
ֻǣû뵽ܣȻᱻһֻ˫β֡
ƶУӿһĨɱ⣬Ϊļǵãʦ˵˭ܣҪɱĻˡ
ȿȣ֪ڽܣɱңǸʲôģҲ޷ˣ
ƶţ˫βֻĿҪϢʱв
ʲôʲô
¹عŷ磬ƶһյƣ΢ɿһЩڹŷ磬ദ˰ӣƶУȴǲһ˿
Ȼŷƽʱһģؼʱ̣ȴԸȣ֪õûƶڹŷ磬Ƕһ˿Ī㺡
ȻʦƶΪٽӴκˣҲ֪ʲô飬ǱܵģԸùŷȥ
ǺǣҵûжʲôǴ㣬ȥʳһЩѪģû뵽ǸһﾹȻΪ㵲ҧѾһ壬еľ綾ȻҪȴܶ䣡˫βЦ
ߣҪиʲộǲŹģ
ƶУҲԵ˿üˣ㲻˵һ壬׷˵ı𣿹ŷҲҧҵŷ磬ȻĻҪС
ҰԣҲҪӦһ˫β˵
㡭ƶʱŭˡ
ɲҪˣҪȹŷ磬ֻ˫βв
ߡ˵ʲô
Ϊ˾ȹŷ磬ƶҲֻʱ˫βȴǶݺݵߣҺͱС̸Ⱦ˹ŷ֮󣬿Ҳúõʰ㣡

˫βӹµһתһ˿ƻ֮ɫǵҾ˹ŷ֮˵ɣҪģʲô㶼ҪӦң
ߺߣãҷģʲôӦ㣡ƶУһ˿ΣյĻȣȴţҪôȥ˫β
ȻҶӦͿȥҹŷ磡ƶЩ͵Ļ˻֡
ٺ١ԣõȵ죬Ϊҵ׷һЩѪȷλã˫βЦ
ã컹ˣʲô
ƶͷͬȴǱܵģ˫βղŵĻֱ֮ԣ˫β֪Ļһԩġ

֨֨
һС·ϣһ֧ӣڻǰţڳӵǰ棬һ죬дһ֡
үΪʲôҪôһ׸ҩҿ࣬㻹øԼȴ
һλģˣ̲סĶǰһλӢ˵ӶԷ̬λݣȻ͡
ŹµĻӢȴ΢΢һЦһʤ߼£Ȼкñģ
ү㰡̫ˣĻҡͷһ̾ǿЦ֮ɫ
µĻӢϣҲһ˿ɬ֮⣬ǰԼ֣Ҳˣ


216 
ǣֻһСǣСУȴһӴļ壬Ǳңңѧңӵܣ䣬ҵ֮Ԫһתʵǣǵ֮ĵһ֡
ʲôˣ³飡
ųӻеǵĳţһȣҲȻ𣬶󼸵žװӰӸ
ϹĹۣûүĳӣÿ
˷ݣǰģӣʱ̲סŭһ֮Уһ˿ŭ
ٺ١ү
Ȼǿͷ֮ˣ֮Ժȴ̲סһЦҹʲôһ̼ңϻ˵³飬ȻĻͳͳץȥ
㡭ԷȻ˵¶ʱΪ֮
ˣ壬Ǽɣ
Ӣֹ꣬ס˻Ҫ˵£ͷ֮Цӳɣ

ӢˣҲֻһ̾ͬߵӢߣЩԹĵү̫ƣõ˵ôߣ֮꣬ʱǺʱ˷ȴԽԽҷˣ
ǺǣҲֻй£ǺαΪǣӢȴһЦ⣬¼ˣҲǿЦ̾
ʲôƨңǳҲǽ
Ӣ˶Ϊӳͷ֮ˣȴǲмһڣжݺݵ뵽
ǣң
֮еĹŷ磬΢˫ۣüͷȴǽš
һ·ʵˣҴЩһ·֮ϵ̸УŷҲǵ֪ԼǱǸˡ
ֻõùŷɻǣԼǺͻƶһѵƶѾ
뵽ܣŷҲһȴԽܴܺ󣬲ȻĻΪʲôֻԼ˿ƶټ
ʱŷҪȥһƶһȴǷ֣Ȼ˿᲻Ҳ޷á
ŷ绹ΪԼ˺صˣŻˣһ·ϣŷѾ۲ڣû˿ƣҲԪת֮ӣֻǣ޷
ڣһ·ϵϢǻָ࣬ľ磬ȻܶһЩС֮Ҳܹġ
Ҳ֪ƶôˣϣҪ²źãŷаһ
ףôһˣ
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱһףҲǽŷ羪˹ŷǷ֣һӰˣһЦĶԼ
Сӣ˭ʲôͼı
Ż۾Ĺŷ磬ӵϣʱһ˿⣬ЦȰʵȻĻȻãܣ
ŷüͷ̲ס΢΢壬ǰӣֻһ֮Сඣŷ㲻ܶҲ׵ؽ
İĻУŷҲóȻ֣һһЩˣɲʲô顣
ŶӳλСֵܣ;мģҿ˲ƣԾͰˣ
ŷ˵ЩʲôӢǴ˹õùŷ΢΢ţûзκε
ߣ㻰ô죡
ȻΪӳĴӣȴ˿飬ӢһõӢһΡ
ñ룬㲻Ҫ̫֣ҵү
Ӣ걻裬Щ֮еˣʱһŭŭĿŴӣ¸̲סָŴӺȵ
ŷ۾Ҳ̲ס΢΢һУһ
ĸ֪һӿʼ֪Էܲ⣬ȻֱģģҪһЩˡ
ϺǡҵŴˣ
ôһӵУҲһ⣬Цϻ˵һ֮еСӣһˣԣˣҪȥţ
Сӣ
˵ţӱһֻ֣Źŷקȥ
ꡭ
Ȼһ˲֮һ죬ֻŷŴӵ󣬸ղŵ죬ɴӵϣݶġ

һĲҽУԴӵﴫû뵽һòСӣȻܹŤ
ӳô
ӷĲҽУȻǰˣ˹һеʵ
ٺ٣ǻãù˰ɣ
ӵĲҽУȻ֪Ϊʲôϣȴһ˿˵ģȻΪġ
ǱΪүӢ꣬üͷǲźۼ壬аһˡ
ģСӣ
ȻӢո뵽ӱǶݺݵָָżλ·Ը۵һ˿Թ֮ɫаģȽŷ֮󣬶Ȼúĥһ
顭
Ȼһ˲𣬶󣬴ӵļ£Ƿ׷׵˳ȥڵϣһĲҺ
СӣǺˣҸǵĻǾԣ֪ǳǺεȸ֣
Լ£ȻͲǶԷһ֮УٿԼѾѵ󣬴ӵУҲһɾ⡣
ԼĳЩɫĳŹŷȵ
ŷ绺Ŀһ۴ӣЦһССǣҲ˴󵨣ǲ֪
䡭
Źŷ绰£һƱǺݺݵӡ˴ӵϣ˳ȥЦǳòҪ¶ˣЩˣﲻ𣡡
䣬ŷٿǴӣתص֮ϡ
ŷһص֮ϣɫ̲סĲ԰˵ǴʵĵͣɱϾģʩչǿнԷɣȻǳһ˿ơ
⵹˵ŷڴӣѾʹ޵һޣҪɣΪԷöԷҪ
ǴӣһССӳ͸˲鵤ʵӢУȻǵõǸ֧֡
ԷٲҪ£ȥԸңԣŷ֮ˣöԷɵ׳֡
Сӣҵţ
ЩԹĿ˹ŷڵһۣӺݺݵһ֣Щ£ˡ
үô죿
ǴǱģȻʹ죬Ҳ֪һ£ǽˣˡ
ô죬Ȼȥ˵ӢЦҡҡͷ
ǡ
£Ӣָָŷ˼ȴǲԶ
Ȼȥ
ӢɫЩ̫ˣֲɵӣȻµ˼ǣҪԸˣȵˣһӣ㽻ȥҲû˿ô»
ңŷղŵģȻҲһ㣬˵˹ŷǵòʧ
ǣ
Ӣɫ죬ҲͲҶ˵ʲôæкˣųӣ֮˽ȥ
ңҲ湻ҵĿԣ
֮еĹŷ磬̲סĿЦһºӢСȻ֪һ
ȻڲܶǸ֪ȴ˿ơ
ˣôһ磡
뵽֪ŷȻ뵱ıƣ׷롣
Ȼ֪ƣǱ˵ҲܵƣֻҪܹʩչ׷룬ǸʲôȻҲͲη塣
뵽ŷУҲ΢һЩǣȥһ׷룬Ȼһ㣬׷룬ûܵƣǿʩչ
ߣǵĳ
ŷУһ˿ɫϣ㲻ҪעҵͷϣȻĻ̣ɾҪˣ


217 
ңΪǵһ壬丮֮ۡ󣬱֮żңҪһ࣬ǹŷˣҲǰΪҵĴֱʶզࡣ
ӢĳӻҸۡǰʱѾʮӰˣǵȶģһΪٻӰ
ٻӰ˴Լʮ꣬һͷ˿£գ΢΢ԣҲ£Ϊķ
ʱλľɫŮӣȴһ˿Ǻͳݡ
㡭
ȶľŮӣӢ꼱æ¿ǰȥΪеĺһ
ôûΪǰɣɫŮЩǵһ䣬Ȼڳ֮ǰ飬Ѿ֪һЩ
ǺǣûУȽȥ˵ɣ
ӢЦһǺŮһ𣬳Ҹۡ˽ȥһ·ϵľϸϸ˵һ顣
֮Уŷ粢û뿪Ͼʱ״̬뿪ˣһΣգǴ㣬ŪԼ徿ô¡

Ҵ
С˵ȷǴҶˣŮӱӢĽ㣬£ҲҵĴС㣬ڵʵƶˡ
Ӣһʵ⾿ô£Ҳڵʱ䣬ʲô飿

һ̾һ˿ƣŶͷǰ죬ٳˣҾܾˣҲǳ׵˺Ƥ
ټϽڳǰȻˣֺͳ˷˳ͻأԷҲǼͷϣǻԴΪڣԸҰ
ߣҲʵ֣꣬ҪǺĽȻнĳɾжɱ˸ף񣬸Ҫ޸Ķӣ
ӢӢЩ߷߲ƽһ֮ǳ꾹ȻǾȹȴҪ𱨡
ˣЩ飬ǾͲҪˣڻ룬ҪôӦԽ鷳ɣ벻գԷͻǰˣʱҲҵͷˣ
ҲЩͷ۵Դ꣬׻ʱЩͷ۵⣬ͲȥᣬЩӣȴȫԼϡ
Լλܵܣ
³˳һûӢ꣬ɵ΢΢һ̾ԼλܵܣȻ츳ʮ꣬Ѿӵ鵤֮ʵҪѯһЩˣȴͲܡ
ˣ·ϾȻˣʲô˰
ºȻ뵽Ӣ·ϣȻһˣɵÿʵ
ջ˼ӢЦӦҲһүӰɣҼҲЩʵӦò̫ߣô˽㣿
ҡҡͷûʲôҾһʣ˱Ͻ뿪ɣǶ֮
֪˽㣬ȥ˵
Ӣ˵ͷ뿪˴Ҳ֪ңһʲô״
ӢıӰЩε̾˿
С㣬ҪȻү뿪һʱɣ׻˵ĺãɽڣûգʵһУȻܹû
ʱµ߳һλܼģߣƣӰڻǹ˵Լ뷨
Ǻǣ壬̫ˣǳԴӴԸǿʼ¾û뿪ϾŻɽĵ֪Ҳ֪
¿Цһ󻰷һתҵǿĵİС뿪ȻڻӦòᷢ
ǣү뿪ˣСô찡³ΪĹܼߣ
ô
µĿ΢΢Уûж˵ʲô֮ϵĨȻôܹӵùܼߵ۾

ڴϹŷ磬΢΢ĺһ΢յ۾֮ͫһ˿֮ɫЦ޷˿⾿ô£ҼǵãֻǱǰӰһ£Ҳû鰡
ѵǰӰ
ļãŷԺУٶǵӰǵãǱӰһ£ȻʹĻ˹ȥ
ӦþǰӰùˣ
뵽ŷ΢΢˵ͷɻϾǰӰùû˰ڵҲûһ˿һļ٣ΪʲôͲܶأ
ߣҾͲţһҲԭˣ
΢΢һŷٶȽ񣬳ڣһһεĲ̽
ŷԸ񣬱ЩǿʱһõҲԭ򣬾ݣ
ҲõùŷһۣСʱʱ䡣
ԭ
֮󣬹ŷٶ˫ۣһ˿⣬СʱϵĲ̽Ҳҳһ˿üĿ
֣֮޷ΪоǱһصӡ
صͬҲȻƺЩڶҩԡ
ŷ֪֮ǹİӰйأأǰӰľ޶ųڵģ
ǻ֮ǰľʹҲΪ໥ײɵġ
ͨЩŷʱãԭЩȻ˲ƽõ̲ס¶һ˿Цݡ
ŷţֻҪҵĸԴڣǱܹ
ЦһŷٶȱۣȥŻһ£Щص
ˡ
ȻʱŷķţȴǺȻ
ڹżһڣŷȻɲᣬǴʱȴڱ˼ңȻ˼ãŷǻĻδҲЩ̫ˡ
һЦŷҲֻý飬ݻһ£´齣ȥŴ˿
ŷŴ򿪣ӢףҲǳ˹ŷǰõùŷ΢΢üģƺ֪Ҫʲôˡ
λֵܣ֪ôƺҽ
ӢЩϵ߽ŷڵķ䣬ҽһŽĿ⣬˹ŷϡ
Ǻǣҽйŷ磬ӣӦñҴһЩұɣŷ΢΢һЦûԼʵ֡
ͻƶ죬ѾǳݣȻ֪ǣĸݵģӦѾݣһμԶľˣԹŷ絹Ҳ£Է֡
ԭǹֵܣãҳ곤꣬дռһЩˣ
ȻԷûκ쳣ķӦЦĹŷļ
Ǻǣҵȣռ˵ģӦҲŶԣ
ŷЦſһ䣬Ӣ꣬ҲУŷ̲סĳʵ磬֪ʲô飬ҪСܰæ𣿡
ŷᵽ£ӢɫҲ΢΢ѿЦֵܣҪߣֻǣң˳Ͻ飬Ѿ׼ֶԸˣԣֵܣ޹أǲ㣡
ŷУһ˿Ȼʱ򣬱²⵽ˣĻ֮󣬲ûκεȻ֮ɫ
ŷ绹̲סĳʵ磬·ϣҲǸϵ˵Ҳǵ֮صһΪǳҪԣ

̾һڵҲ¸㣬ġ
ţǰЩ飬͹ŷȫȫĽһ飬ͳνԹҲû˿˹ŷ硣
ϾЩ飬ǵ˶֪ǹŷֻ֪Ҫ΢һ£ȫ֪ԣûʲô
ĽУŷҲǶ˫ĶԹһ˽⡣
꣬Ұһˣˣǵǳ
ֻǣ˺֮󣬱һԵ뿪ңʱҵҲû⣬֮ǱǷһʣԭĳˣµĳһΪصˡ
صĳٵǴ֮󣬱ǿʼǵĸ֣ҪȫշǣȴǺڶһʱˣֿͬų
ֻǻС˳ʵλȻԪתʵʱҼǵһ֣ǱһƱ
Ҳ֪صĳǵȵˡ
֪˳֮ҵĴС£ҪͳЩͱʵ˵׷Ͷˡ
Դ֮Ҳ֪ںԭ򣬳ûжҳ֣Ϊ¿ҪƽϢ֮󣬳Ķӣȴˡ
ұŲܹ֮ͬ⣬ֱӾ͸ؾˣҲˣ˳Ĳϴѹ


218 鷳
֪ҵ֮󣬹ŷǰҲǲЩͬͬʱҲЩ
Ͼ飬ˣһӣȥ־ˣڷ֮ʱû˿ԥĽ
˵ģҲȷܹģ
һǣٳʱϵŷ磬Щȥǻ
ԪתЩ鷳أ
뿪֮󣬹ŷüͷаţԼҪôܰң˴ε
Ͼô˵ҶǾһŲʵˣҲ˵ʲôԼУҲⲻȥ
ֻǳʵЩԶŷϣĲ룬һСǣǳܹԪһתʵҲͲˡ
Ǹոմ֪ԭȻԪתʵ
ʵݣѾܹһ֮ˣȫʢʱڣŷȻ£ֻ޷ֻ¾׷ҲǶԷĶ֡
ÿЩֵ;
֮󣬹ŷҲʶʱĽȣҲԣæ۾ڣʼţȥЩصˡ

ʱ䣬һζ̫֮ʣһɳƵգҴԺ֮У
Ϊ죬ǵٳٴǰף£ȻֲܴӦһЩìܣȻ⡣
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ҵĴ֮ڣܼεĿ£̲סȰ˵֪ĵ̣ͳսֻ·һ
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ܼҵȰ˵²ûᣬϾѾҲңң뿪ҲΪңסһ˿Ѫ
үѾ뿪ˣС㣬㻹ǡ
ܼҵ˵ͷ󻰷һתȰ˵£ûгڣ㱻¸ִˡ
ֻЩ˵壬Ѿǲ뿪ҵģ

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ܼ뿪ıӰµϣҲһ˿ɬζҲҲҪҸֵĻţᣬû̸ûмˡ
ǣһ̣еһУƺѾ޹ˡ
С㣬ˣ
ʱһģˣ첽ܽ˴֮УϷ˵
΢΢˵ͷ֪ˣ˶ˣ
С㣬ֻ࣬ʮˣĻش
ʲôʮˣ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ߵߣǲҷΪʮˣܽ𣿡
С㣬˵ǻ᲻ᣬڰ̽ʵ
ţпܣ
ͬĵ˵ͷֵȥԸȥעųһС
ǡ
껤ĵ˵ͷǼæȥ׼ȥˡ
ڻ̲ס𣿡
뿪ıӰµĿ⣬ȴ̲סһ⣬ʼȥټҵĸȥˡ

ǿջõһջ
ֵܣа취Ըǰˣ
ʱһϵڵ߶ţʱʱģҪʹŷһ䡣
Ǻǣ磬㶼˺öˣҿ㰡ЪһЪɣ
ڴ֮ϵĹŷ磬ŲڵתȦ̲סĿЦһ
ѽʱˣĶȥЪŰһĵ
ŷҡͷһЦҲԣĿڼŷĶ֮ȴǸӵĽˡ
죬İѵĹŷһͳңùŷ뿪ǣԶҪٻ
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ŷȴĵ˵һ䣬ͬˣ͹ŷһ뿪
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ԣ˸ղŵһĻ
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Ŀ֮Ĺŷ磬Ժ֮ȴڿٵţҪôʱ䡣
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ˣŷҲֻǴͨྭȴǱӡţһϣҲܿŶôˡ
ˡ
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ˣѾȥˣҲóˣŷЦŽһ䡣
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˿ŷȴ΢΢һЦһ𣬳ǿջȥ
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ʱµĻһڣոջһЦȴһһУҲһⱬ
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±ĵһҾǼ޹ҲԲ޸
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ٺ٣һ֪СѾͷϷ
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ŭһȴǲ֮ɫֻ鵤ڵΪͶԷ࣬ν󣬲ڵĵزѾ·ˣֻӲͷƤӭȥ


219 ȥ
顭
Ƶײ֮쳹µɫȻһ԰ףһǳ˶ֱײϣǿͣǴѾһ˿ѪȻ˲ơ
С㣬û°ɣ
˵УʱһѾĵ뿪ˣ鵤֮ĴС㣬ҵĵһ֡
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ȿȡû£
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ϾҵĶ֮ˣңҲĵˡ
ٺ٣СѾͷȻЩ£
Լȫһ֮£ԭص£ǸոճֵߣҲ̲סЦһһ̣ǻһת˵ƾڵʵȰ㣬ôӦٳҪ󣬲ȻĻֻװ裡
ߣΣҾҲܴӦ𱨵
³ֱ壬԰׵֮ϣһ˿֮ɫõøոջЩأɫʱٶ
ߣȻˣȥɣ
ص˴ʱҲǳ׵ʧȥԣһٳŮ˼ԼҲ޲ͶͱΨ£һ֪ô
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ΪϵߣΪ鵤ڴԲĸ֣ٶȻǲֻǰһ߾Ѿ½ǰ̽һֻɻƵƣµؿӡȥ
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䡭
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͡
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Ҫô
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ˣȻһûüİСӣʱ̲סЦһٶȳԴȥ

Է˾ٶŷ۾ʱ΢΢һУ̲סıȳ
ٺ٣ȻһãҲһ͵棬ȥȥɣ
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ߵĹŷ磬ǺȻľͱظˣ֮е꿡ܣûйŷһȻԷǸ֮ˡ
϶Ǹ˺ҽ֣ҶҪ㲻ú
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˵ţƱǳµԴӡ˹ȥ
͡
Ȼʱһ죬Ȼݶ˱ǷڻӶƵߣʱȻȻԭء

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Сôֻˣ뿪𣿡
µϣһ˿ϲɫǳ׵ȻոսҵɱһߣصߣǻŰ˾أУ϶Ÿĸ֡
ʱñ˼Ҹնݳ뵽±Ŀݺݵص˹ŷһۣȻЩŷΪʲôҪˡ
ŷǼ⣬ЦһҲԣȴǶ°ЩһŮܹ㣬Ҳȷˡ
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Ҫ֪Ͽ鵤ڴԲĸ֣ȻԪ֮ǿߣУһӵġ
Ѿǿĵȥ֮󣬶Ȼٲһˡ
ʣȻǱأ㵽ͷϡ
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żǻƣŷ۾Ҳ̲ס΢΢һУôҲ벻ͨһССǣΪλڶĸ֡
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ЩѾǿʼжĳ֣ŷҲ֪ڻЩʱ
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صϣ̲סһ˿ЦʲôҲҸӣ
صĻŷϣȴȻ¶һõЦݣΪŷЩʱ򣬹ŷȴȻһҹȥ
ৡ
ŷ绰µ˲䣬壬ǿٵĶˣһӰһ㣬֮Щĸ֣׷ͬƲһ㣬ݺݵض˳ȥ
գ֮䣬ʣľλ֣ȫŷ˦˳ȥ˵ϡ
ЩһȻͨ˵ѾǸ֣Ƕڹŷ˵ȴδЩˣڵʵûȫָЩһɾͲôˡ


220 
顭
쳹˱Ƿ֣веĳ֣ͬð㣬ŷݺݵĶ˳ȥ
µĿҲǶȻһ⣬û뵽һϲ̫ļһȻôز¶
Ҫ֪Щⶪȥģɶ鵤֮ĸְԷܹ㣬ʵʲô磿
һ˲䣬ºȻ֣Щ͸ŷˣһɲûбϵô򵥰
һԵȻͬһ˿𾪣ܿģô𾪣ʧˣΪŷͺ˵а취Ըˡ
Сӣ㡭㡭
ر˵һЩݻģǿŹŷϷʵЦݣĺݻҲǲò˻ȥ
ȻٳΪֺУԱʵûжߣֻǾ֮ӲǹŷĶˡ

ŷ۾΢΢һУ̲סĳȵ
صһգ粻ҲǣҲңһʱ֮䣬ϵ˼㣬жڹŷĺ⣬ȴԽŨ
Сӣ֣飬ɲô˵ģ
֮ǺݺݵһҧŹŷһݻȻһڳˣ뿪ˡ

ֱеȫʧŷų˿֮ӿһĨ԰ףոȻɣΪֻͨţԽǼ˶ȥŷҲٶȳһЩơ
Ҳõùŷ̲סĿЦһ뵱֮ĸһսûô
ҲõùŷףͨڱصãұҪ졣
ǳ׵ĵ˳ңֶʵһΣֻ¾ǳǰˡ
ҹŷǾãǵĳЩԾﲻԾһʱҲ˵ֻãһ⡣
ιлл
һȣŷ˼ʵ̧ͷһֻ£֪ʱѾǰԸĶ˵һ䡣
ΪԸı飬ŷҲ֪Է϶ЩԹ˽ԽһΣգҿɾĳ׸ˡ

ˣŷҲֻܿЦҡҡͷɫȴԽĲ԰˼֡
ι㲻˰ɣ㻹ȻȥϢɣ
ŷɫ԰ףµУҲ̲סһæԸܼңѹŷȥϢˡ
ȻԼҲ˲ˣﻹһ̯ӣȻûʱȥϢֻƣӣȥЩˡ
䣡ҿͷ
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ƣŷڳʲô̵ʹһ㡣
䡭
ʱһ죬ȻԹŷڴݶõùŷ壬һҵĲͷ֮ϵĺˮ¡
죬ŷɫСĹâȴԽһЩͬʱŷϣҲǻ¶һ˿Цݡ

֮󣬹ŷ³һƤҲ΢΢һ˿֮ͫУһ˿ɫľâ
ڹŷ۾һɲǣɫСҲ΢΢һٵ˹ŷڡ
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ղţŷڵ죬֮ԴӲӡǹ£ķȻһΣգ쳣ʹڣЧȷʵСʱ䣬Ѿͨһ
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Сģ
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֪ȴǴЦһ
֪㻹˵ŷЩˡ

һ£ȴǳ̾˿ЦֻܹʱĽеİ£̫ˣ
ĻŷҲǾþȷȻֻû죬ҲܸܵõµϣŶôصĵӡ
֮󣬹ŷļЦͲҪ̫࣬úֻӵ˱ҵʵķ


221 ʵָʮ󻤷
ߺǺ͹ŷƬ̣ǴҴҸǶȥȻѳ˶ȥˣ죬Էһɸǰпǳԡ
Ͼ㲻Ϊ˱ģҲҪһس棬ȻĻպιЩµ
ԣ۴ʲô˵ûзŹҵĵ
ߺ󣬹ŷǼæص˴֮ϣʼĳľԪתĸ֣ԣûнȫͨ£ŷΣҲĵġ
ϾԪתĸ֣ɲǳصģ
ҹԵøһҹʱ䣬˼ʮһ˾ķң޷ߡ
ҹٳҲйȥʱ
ҵĿͷ֮УһҹδߵĹŷ磬ɫԵøĲ԰ףǱϣƺһѾȫɺԵѪ
Щŷ粢δᣬڴ֮ϣ΢˫ۣĳ̡
顭
һƵ죬ԹŷڴҲžķ֮쳹
ŷƤһ飬ɫԽĲ԰һ֣ǣٶһ˿Ѫ¡
顭
һ̣죬쳹
͡
ֻŷһ䶯󣬱һѪѪУƺһЩڲϵζš

³һѪ֮Ĺŷ磬ֻˬһǰδеˬоȫٶȹʵ̲סĳХ
ȫͨˣ
֮󣬹ŷ̲סЦһһҹ߲ݵ֮Դ˴ʱҲǽеľ׵ĴͨȥҲζţʵٶȻָ۷ʱڡ
´һǣȭָ֮䣬ŷ̲סһЦ֣⼸쾭ӡǸӵĻ񾫴
һǿȭ֮󣬹ŷ緢ʱ仹磬Աһͷϣͷ˯Ƭ̣ǳ׵Ľ硣
Щŷʵûһ˯̤ʵģϾһİĻ֮Уʵֱӡˣܹ˯ŲŹ֡
ڣʵĻָһУ㶼ˡ
֮У
׼𣿡
һϵڴ֮쳹ֻڴϷһλԼʮӣΣɫϽ˫֮вʱâ֪ԷɲʲôĽɫ
ˣǵĳ
꣬һǣԾǿ˵ʱǳǿӲֶΣշ˳֮⣬Ǽеǵ֮İ
ò˵һˣ
·࣬ǹվʮӰʮӰÿһŲƣȻûпɢҲܹ׵ĸо
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ʮλʵѲͣҺԣֻһЩϻ֮ˣŷɻκһλԪһתֵĽ⣬ȴ׵Ľʮλܡ

ʱ䣬쳹ĽʮһӰڰ֮ϣգ֮䣬չΪҵĽ档
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ŹŷĻ˶ʱЩԥϾʮ󻤷ɶԪһתĳ֣ǾŵⲻŻɽ
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Ļŷȴ˿ϣĿһתϣһ˿棬ЦС㣬֪ʲôöأ
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⡭
µĴ˻֮ҲһüͷٶȿµĿ֮УԽ˼֡
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Ļõµɫ̲סһ԰ףҲ֪˵ļΪǳҲʵòʲôöˡ
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ϾǿĶɲʲôʱܼġ
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˾ͽЦһȻΣȴٶӶĳŹŷ絹˶Ӱ˹ȥĿģԶ
ŷ綼ǿ֮壬ɴҲԿŶˡ
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׷룬ŷһǲ׶õģħʱΪ˱ŷҲ˲̫ˡ
͡
Źŷһȣһ۸ͿС룬Թŷü֮з˹ȥ
׷룬깥ٶȣȻҪٶȿ࣬ȭͷӶ˲䣬ѾǺݺݵش̽Դ֮С
׷УУʱһ˿ն֮ɫӶȭͷͣ˰֮С

ŷλŹѵõĻᣬкâһǿŤתһȭȥݺݵ˶Էؿ֮ϡ
䡭
ŷһȭȻΪ񱩵˲ؿ֮ը죬˳ȥ

һĲҽУﴫݶõ˵ͷƤ̲ס΢΢һ飬ûй
˼ҹŷ类һȭɵʱ򣬾ûкһŷɵʱ򣬾Ȼеôңʱеˣ̲סһӡ
ֻǣ˭֪ʱڱĴݲУǰʹ࣬ɲ˭ܹܵ˵á
ŷ磬ڳ깥ʱ򣬶۵ȥǿ󣬿£Ҳֲס


225 гŵ
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ҵĿ֮ﴫݶǴ˼ѪõϢԽ
վҰ׵ɫŷ֮ʱһ˿Լؼη塣
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һ䣬ΣǳԶ۶ȥûиŷ˵Ļᡣ
ԶȥӰŷҲ΢΢Уһ⣬죬ǳ׵ĺͳսˣȻŷǵһμҲܸоԷһĿģĲ֮ˡ
ԣշ뿪ڷŻɽ
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Ȳ˵Լ׷ȥܲ˳ɱһи֣Ը¾׷ȱĵƣҲⲻ⡣
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ŹŷĻ¶ʱ˫ۣһ˿ŷֱĶԼƺҲʶԼʧ̬ˣʱһЦ


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Ĵ֮УһЦλ֮ϣ֮Уâ
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ʱλǰϣǰڷһѵʳԱ߻мòΪŮ顣
λ߱ϴ󣬿ɫȴ˿һ˫ɿݵĴ֣ڼλŮߣǵþȴҶ㿪
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λ֮ϵ·һĻҲһЦ󻺻ڵռϣԭҲ֪ˣֻǲ֪Σ
ռϣһĸ̥ͬңĹҲͬͬԴΪĲ
ҪǣԴӳˣһֱ֣¾һߣҲɱ֮
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˵ֻҪǱռϿϵŮˣ;޷ѣһģռϴ˻ȥȦ˷й
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գ֮ʧռϣУҲһĨɱ⣬εıߵ
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·أһ˿ɫЦġ
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ߣϹϿȻĻСү⽫Ǵ
ռϣŷû˿ĿֻƬõռϣƤҧгݡ

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ߣԪת֪
϶˲䣬ŷ֪˶Էʵʱ̲סһ֮еĺ⣬εıӿ

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˫ȭײһ촫ݶ
ŷʵȻͬԪתȴ֪Ҫ϶ٱˣȭͷײ˲䣬϶ɫȻһףΪǱģ˳ȥ


227 һ
Сݵò񣡡
Լ϶Ȼǹŷһ֮УϴҲ΢΢һ󼸺ͬʱһ峯Źŷ籩Ӷȥ

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䡭
϶սţͼҵս֮Խ˼֣Ƶײ֮ϵ֮쳹֮䣬䡣
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ŷ磬üͷ壬˫ֿٻӶ⽣Ӱ֣ǻȭӰն飬һܹ
ͷʵŹ֣Ȼܹôǿ
ʱĹŷ磬Ѿǳ׵֮ǰǶԸϴ˵ʱ򣬹ŷҲûиожô϶ļ룬ȴǳɱŷӦ֮ʣҲüΪСġ
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ϴıȣŷ絹ûκεı飬Ȼ֪Ҳˡ
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һɱ֣ϵ֮лصţһɱ֮
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ɱһڣϣҲȻһɿֲɱ⣬õҵˣжʱһ
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ŷ翹֪
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·龰ȻӲŷ۾Žڽڰ˵ˣŷҲǰһȣ֮䣬Ȼ˼֣ռϣ׵ѹƶ£Ǿ󣬺а˵Ŀܡ
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Ϊܹɹסŷ磬ҲֻһЦս֮С
Ԫתĸ֣һʵ˿ѷɫռϣļ룬ŷپѹոջǿѹռϣǴʱȴ˲䱻Ťת棬׵ѹ
澭ȫ
ŷɫ̲סıһ澭˲һޣһɹɻϵԹŷӿǿʽ֮
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Ȼõùŷǣȫת澭һɹص֮쳹
󣬹ŷǾķ֣һ㲻ϸ֣ģһС״
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˱ʷŷʱãʽ֮Ȼ屶ֹһɹɾӿڣֲġ
Сӣ죡սپ
ŷͻȻǿʱõռϺɫһû뵽ڣŷ羹Ȼǿĵơ
ʱ䣬˶һۣҲûзֺıȫԼĵʩչŹŷȥ
ǾˣҲ޷ٶȽŷѹƶ£ʱƣŷѹƣõ˵УһƬȻ
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οʮλЩȽϼֵҺ֣ǱʮλˣһĻᶼûС
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ġ
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ģƴˣ
һ˿ɫŷ翴һۣʩչ׷룬ϾʱҪ˻ܣҲֻһ;
ֻǣԷˣŷҪܶԷֻͬʱʩչ׷룬Ȳ˵ܲʩչɹɹˣҲã˲佫˻ɱ
һɹǽ죬Ŀɾˡ
ǣزҲûбİ취
Ȼڹŷƴ֮ʣУȴǶȻһ˿ϲ֮ɫ


228 һȭ
ƶ֣ѵҪܣ
һȣȻԹŷﴫݶڸղţʩչ׷֮ʣȴǺȻ֪һϤϢԶս
֣ʱõùŷһϲΪǵϤϢȻǺɢĻƶ
ŷ磿㣿
ŷĻո£һϲ쳹һٻӰӶգ۾ͳ˹ŷ˲Զ
ΪϤģȻǻƶ
ƶǴ뿪ңȵ̽飬Ѱҹŷġ
뵽Ҫ뿪ҴԺ֮бս֮еĹŷİοƶĵǱ˹
æ
ͻȻֵĻƶŷҲһ˿ϲɫû뵽ҪͷƶȻˣڳ鲻ŷ絹뱧Żƶݺݵһڡ
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ŷ羹Ȼа֣ռϺɫͬʱǶԸŷһѸеΪĳٶһˣòάֵľ棬ֻ̼ᱻŷơ
ʱǸͲǹŷĶ֡
뵽ռϺһۣŲԶĻƶȵλǺС֮ĶԹﲻҪ֣ʱĳл
ߣϼһ˺ŷ磬Ҳһȭ㣡
ϵŷ簲οƶĻĻʱһһԾһȭ˹ȥ
͡
ƶȭͷû˿֮ռȴǾ飬һռڶڻƶӿ
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ŻƶһȭɵƣʱͷƤһ飬ǲ˼飬ֱռ䣬ʵǿֻ֮ǿߣžеܡ
ѵǰ겻СѾͷѾ֮ǿˣ
Ȼò˼飬ǲҶģֻһȭˣҪܿƶǿֲһȭ
ߣ˹ŷ磬Ȼܣ
ƶһһͻأʧһ㣬ٴγ֣Ѿǵ󣬶ȭͷӶ䣬ݺݵؿ֮ϡ
顭
ꡭ
ײŹѵڳĴݶõ·ڽֵ˺ͳ֣ǲͣĿ˻ƶϡ
ڶĿĻֻۣãɫȻһףͬڵһ㣬صĵ˳ȥһ˵ϣõ˵ͷ޲Ǻݺһ
㡭㡭
ڵϵ͹ԶؿȻ׵̤ȥָݺݵָŻƶ˵ʲôֻ˵һ֣һͷԵ˵ϣҲ֪ˣǻԹȥˡ
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һȭ֮£ǲֽ֪ĿǸŮϣ̲סĵһУŨŨ֮ɫ
û뵽ͻȻֵŮȻ˿ֲʵԪתǽӲסԷһȭ
ǶԷʲôʵ٣ͨ
θ룬ƶѾһȻջĿ⣬󣬲Ŀռϡ
ʱռϣĻʲô͹ŷսŹŷ磬ҪѰһ뿪Ļᣬڼʶ˻ƶǿֲʵ֮ռϣ඼Һãɤ۱Ƚϸ
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ҲΪһ£϶ϴһᣬһۣǳԶ۶ȥ
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ŷҲ֪ԻƶʵȷýռϷС
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ڹŷĻƶһƴӣԼҲ֪ΪʲôˣΪʵƲƲ죬Ŀ˻
·սʱѾͣҵˣһϲ⣬ϾȹΣ֣ҳҲѾ֪ԺҲûʲô˸ˡ
λ֣һľս佫ĿڹŷԵĻƶʱŵøεԲ
ϾǸղſۼŮĿֲ
ʮλҲЩ֪վԭأߣֲҡ
ŷĿ⣬ӻƶϻջأ·ϣһԣ˵ʰо֣
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ŷҲ˳µĿ⣬˳ϣһ˿ɱƬ֮󣬱ҡҡͷ
ȻͻƶʵҪЩɱ׾٣ЩˣϾǵĺ֣ȫˣֻʣһˣʱ򣬱ĳеⲻὫ֣쵽
ҲһӲ뿪ʱ˭ػǣ
뵽ŷ˶ƣ
¶һ˿ЦŷŲһųȥˣŷĶһʶĳһ
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΢΢ҡҡͷŷһ˿ȻˣҲˣֵͬ飬ϾԼľ˶ܶԸѾʧԡ
뵽ŷٶȽĿ⣬ڳ˵ϣЦӦýǶɱģһ󻼣
˵ŷ绰һתЦҿԸһĻᣬӴ֮󣬼ңΪҵߣ
Լѡɣ
˵꣬ŷҲȥЩˣǽĿ˻ƶϣ̲סһЦ
⡭
ˣʱʼΪ֮Уźܶˣǳģ첻Ϊ˰ѡ
û뵽첻͵ɣʧһף
ֻǣǽ첻ӦŷҪһңֻԼҲû䣬ʧ
ǴӦȴֵͬڳҵˣ֣ԺҲͳ׵ʧȥɡ
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֮ʮλԪ֮ĻͬΪǱеĹߣû˿ĹУʱңҲǻһ˶ѣ̫ѽܡ
ãǱ԰ɣŷĵ˵ͷʮλҲûгɣԣҲֻ֪ŷǡ
ԸңΪ
ҲԸңҵǲ
ҲԸҡ
˵һȻеڶʱ䲻󣬼еĳ֣ͬ˼ңڷ֮󣬹ŷҲǡ
ͽˣȻȥϢˣ
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ŹŷͻƶԶȥıӰµУ΢ɲһ˿Ȼʰ飬ʼƺ
һսʧ˲ٵĺ֣˵ҵһѣͬǣҲҵһΪҼ˸ĺ֣ңʮλԪһתǿߡ
ţ˶ãҾͻ³Ϊǵĵһңǰӵ


229 鷳
һεĴսĻǵĸҲһγ׵ĴϴƣһЩĸ֮⣬ȫ˳ҡ
ңڼôѪҺ֮Ҳǳ׵׵ĳΪǵĵһ
ҴĵӰߵģºұߵģǹŷͻƶʱƺ̸ʲô
ŷ磬Ҫ뿪𣿡
µüͷ΢΢һ壬ӵʵʱܹȹһأ˹ŷŷ뿪Ȼǲõ
һԵҲһ˿ᣬȻ͹ŷʶûм죬˵ĹϵȴѾʵǳ
Ǻǣ
ŷЦŵ˵ͷ͵Ҵ˴뿪ţΪѰͻƣǷ˴˵ȱʣҲͣôʱ䣬鶼ѽȻҪ뿪ˣ
һԵĻƶҲĵ˵ͷմս֮Ѿ˹ŷһԵɣŷҲ֪˵Ϊʲôᱻˡ
Ǻðɣ
ŷȥѾȻͷӣȴҲ޷ֻõͷǽϢһ˳ΪǼУٳɣ
ŷüܾΪǴߵģƬ֮󣬹ŷ绹ǵ˵ͷЦҲãһ飬Ҫǰæ
ֵܣʲô飬˵޷
£³ڣȲŴӦȻˣҲǻһǰۡ
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˵ţŷǽż֮еĴݣһ飬ҲûоܾˬĴӦ
ʵŷ°æҵĹżصĶǹǵˮԼ޵һЩܡ
ŷһõ֮󣬱Ƿ֣ǼΪϣ΢һԱȣȻܹ֪
ŷ֮Կ϶ĸϣһ鼮ҲΪʵ̫ˣԷóϣȻС
Թŷҿ϶Ӧһ鼮ġ
ѰⱾ鼮ĿģŷҲҪ˽һЩĽжʲôô
ϾӵĽǵ̬ȻǼΪġ
󣬼Ǽ򵥵Ľ̸һŷͻƶǳ˴صԼķϢϾϻһо磬ʱ϶ٲ˺ȾƵˡ
ȻŷܾҲ֪ºǿ϶Ӧġ
صԼס֮󣬹ŷֱӾͽ״̬֮УΪ⼸Ǿһĵս֮󣬹ŷǷ֣ǰԽĻټǿֲٶȣҪ˶ãͻơ
Ȼŷ֮ԼɲΪʵҪͻƣΪ澭ҲͻƵļ
Ȼû۳Сĵ㣬ΪˣŷѾܹԵĸоֻҪһͻˡ
ˡ
Źŷ״̬Χһɫ㣬ϵֶ󻺻ģڹŷճһС״
ģǶСĶˣƺٶӳһЩɫ㣬ʱܹճһ㡣
ȻˣһУеĹŷ磬ûз֡
ʱ䣬ţգ֮䣬ҵĴ֮УҲǳ׵ҵ֮ۡУһŮ˵Ӱٵæµţһζһ̳̳ƣϵͽ֮С
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κһڴ˵ĻȻܹ֣˫۾ˣȻǵձŷܵռϡ
磬ǸСӺǸֲѾͷûߣֻٵһʱˣһ뿪ǱңʱǸҴС㣬Ūٺ١
˵ţ϶ЦһĿ֮йĹâΡ
ţǲǸСӵĶֻ֣ܽݳ𣬼ˣʱ򣬶ҪǸСƤֵܵĿ³л
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ڱĿĹŷ磬˫ĿȻһ˿⣬ǱϣճһĨĻȡ
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ռϴٶ۲һᣬ϶ȻץһС椣ҲǶȻһЦãǾͻȥ
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˵ϼһȻˣͱ˰ɣ
ʱһЦȻռǰ쳹£һӰǳǰȻǹŷ硣
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ŷͻȻ֣õռϽһ㶣Ҳ֮ǷӦ˹ͬʱת෴ķӶȥ
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Żƶĳ֣ռϵУҲǲһƶµӡ󣬿ǼΪ̵ģϾԷһȭ
ȻܹһȭȻҲһȭǡ
뵽ռҲǲĺϴһŹŷһСӣǺҲûʲôޣαظϾɱһߣպ
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ƶĿֲ϶Ȼ֪׾ԼͶԷӲӲҲкýһ˿ɫǶԻƶȭͷŲʣȻǴӦܻƶһȭ
к֮ɫʱ϶ȣҲȻ߳һƷ֮Żƶɨȥ
ȻԷƴҲҪƶһЩ鷳ˡ
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϶ĶƶУʱһ˿֮ɫȻ϶Ѿ˻ƶĲ
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顭
ꡭ
ƵײŹѵ˲쳹϶壬Ǵһ˿ŨŨĲ֮ɫأ׵ûϢ
㵽϶Уǲһ˿ʺɻ֮ɫ
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϶صһ˲䣬ͬʱ쳹ռֻҪһ˳£Ȼܹоĵ
СӣǶҪ㸶صĴۣ
ռϸ鼫ãŮˣһʱ϶ϴʱ˷ħ״̬֮УҪĳŹŷ繥ȥ


230 ɱż
ߣŷ翹
ŷħ֮״ϴŷУһ˿ɫ֣ŷҲУοʱֻʣˣӲǹŷĶ֡
䡭
գ֮䣬˱Ѿչ˼ҵĽ棬Х֮䣬һƵ졣
ƶңڲԶûмսţΪţԹŷʵҪ˽̫ѣֻҪסˣԷܵĻС
顭
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ϴһۣȻתŲͬķ򣬷ֿ˳ȥգ֮䣬ѾǴܳʮɵľ롣
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ŷǣһĨмĻȣͻƶһֿۣ׷ȥ
ŷʵҪռǿ࣬ټ屶ڳ˵ĸ֪ǰϴ󣬸޴ӣһֱڹŷĸ֪Уϵ֮ľ롣
һ򣬻ƶӵĿֲһѾʧٴγʱѾǵȭͷԥĳŶԷĺ󱳺˹ȥ
ꡭ
ʱ䣬һֱֱĳ·ȥƶڵϵ֮ʣѾûϢ
׷롭
ٶ׷Ƭ̣ŷ罥ʧȥģһ˿ɫ˲䣬ǽ׷ʩչ˳
͡
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ڹŷͻƶӰҴǰʱǾϲҲȻȻոյսѾǾ˶Է
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ŷӦһռϵݣŷҲǴЩĸ֪ģǴ뿪֮˳ȥԷ
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ŮҲȫ֮󣬹ŷɫ΢΢һ࣬ЩŵʵƶҲǽĿ⣬ϡ
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ӹµݹ鼮ŷϣҲһ˿ϲɫϾ˵öҩǼ޵Ļɾֶһĵơ
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ĻŷҲţҵⱾ飬أܹ֮٣һǲⱾеһЩء
ŷҲܹⱾż֮УҵҪĴ𰸣ңŷлһöƬأӦҲزŶԡ
ңǱȣ飬ӦİˣҲõл
Źŷл¶ʱЩ˵
ŷ΢΢һЦҲȥʲôºصԼķ֮С
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ص֮󣬹ŷȲĿʼǱ鼮ʱ䲻̫ŷҵ˹еĵҩء
ǵҩȷǽм޵Ҳ˵Ĳ࣬õùŷУ΢΢һ˿ϲɫ󣬹ŷҲҵ˹ˮļأҲ˵ĴͬС졣
ƬɫƬŷ緭鼮Ҳûҵõùŷ磬һ˿΢΢ʧ
Ȿ飬ùŷʶΪⱾУ챦󲿷֣ŷûҪ˵ˡ
Լʱ֮󣬹ŷЩδĺ鼮һ˿Ц⣬ţʲô챦Ӧòʲôʶξˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷ˿ѾǸ߸ŷкȻһ鼮պãų˷䣬ʼҴԺĿĵ
ʵҲ֪ԼΪʲôȻһߵͷ
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Щͬĵ˵ͷŹŷ磬Цѵһ˵𣿡
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ΪŷӴǿ񱩵Уܹ֪ԷҲһѷ֮ǿߣ뵽ݻ֮ǰ˵ͬ飬ŷмܹ϶ˣӦñǿݻ˵ͬˡ
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ȻѾ϶ŷ绹Ǵ̽һ£̲סĳʵ
ٺ٣˭ҪҪǣȡģ

Ц£бȻһ⣬һĳŹŷϮƻӶ֮䣬񱩵ӿŹŷؿڣŭĶȥ
ߣҪɱңֻ㻹ûǸ£
ŷ粻ʾһҲӶڵһ壬ǳź汩˶ͼƿӡ
Ͼʱ۵ΪΣգݲ˷˿ʱ䡣
ֻԷȻûд׵ķŹŷ磬ڹŷα˵ͬʱԷһָٶȣȥ
ٺ٣Ӳģ
֮䣬Ѿǽ˹ŷ磬Цһû˿ԥģŹŷŭĶȥ


234 شѷٱ
ڹŷ뼫Σ֮ʱ򣬳۵״Ҳȹŷò˶٣ڿݻ˵Ĺ֮£۾ѾʱȻһλѷǿߣϣõóҶ㣬ûһ˿һķ֮
ټϳ۱ƣǰչȥѳɶ֡
ңõóصǣѾǿŷͬһλѷ֮ǿ߸һֻˣ˭Ҳ޷ˡ
뵽˵Ľ֣о͸оЩԲסŷ磬Ͼղų͵Ϯŷ磬ôݻ˵ľأ
ڣҲֻϣŷܹλѷ֮ǿˡ
СӣҪֻ֣ܹͳ۽һ𣬰·ɣ
ۿƾҪڹŷؿ֮ϣ˵ϣ̲סһ˿ЦһƵǺڹŷϣҿ϶ŷʮģ
˵Ҫ㻹û£
ŷ۾΢΢У֮ϣȴȻ¶һĨЦһ΢ģ죬Ȼݶ
͡
⣬ӵȻͣ٣Ҳһ˲䣬ŷ͵ıкһӵĲӻȥ

Ȼŷ֮УѪĳûг֣ĳӵĲʱȻһӰ죬һɻ䡣
ŷ΢΢һ㶣һ˿Ȼû뵽֮£ӾȻܹסҪ
ŷҲ֮ڳ˲䣬Ӧԣһ⣬һּٶȣӿ۳һɴСľ޽

һ̣ŷкɫһо޽Ȼն䣬ݺݵسŭ¡

¡¡
һĲҽУڸ֮£쳹𣬿񱩵ɽ鱬һ㣬ӿ
ߡ
һ£ŷû˿ɵģܣ֪Ȼ򽣹һ壬ҪһнɱͲܡ
С飬ң춨Ҫãܣ
ڹŷת˲䣬һҵ֮Ǵݶ
䡭
һ˲һһǱӰһƬǽ֮ӶҰ׵ɫ֮ϣɷ֮
û˿ɵģٶȳŹŷ׷ȥ
˵һʼɱŷ磬ΪŷǺͳһģڣΪŷ糹׵ļŭ
ңڣоԴһʹ걻˺һ㣬ȻһУǸСĹ
֮ǿߣȻֲ
ٶȽ׷ӣŷУҲΪԷѲľ
ղţǧһ֮ʣŷֱʩչ׷룬õöԷһ˲ĳɣҪᣬֱӽԷɱġ
û뵽Է׷֮ȻԶ壬õһ޹ֻ˶Σ򽣹һˡ
ǾԷƣƺҲ޴󰭡
ô˵ʱҲǳһ˿ˣٶȴӰ죬ټϹŷѾӳһξ룬Ҫŷ׷ϣƺҲһ򵥵顣
С飬ܵĺǣҲҪɥȪ
ӵһգļҪγˮȻҲ֪ڵ״Ҫ׷Ϲŷ磬Ƕôѵˡ
ȻѣȻûд񱩵ϵĻ˫֮ϣŹŷ׷ȥϣܹԴ̺͹ŷ֮ľ롣
ٺ٣ݻˣǵ̣עҪˣ
ŷɹİλѷ֮ӣõó۵УҲ΢΢˿źԼսĿݻˣ̲סЦһ
ߣҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼõó۲ǣݻȴǹһЦ˵ΪǾûб׼ıһԪתСһɹߵǻڣҲ̫С˰ɣ
ʲô
ͷһſݻƶı飬̲ס΢΢һܹ϶ݻˣû˵ѡ
ʱҲѾѯʲôˣΪΪһ˲ķõÿݻ˺һλѷǿߣץס˻ᣬѹƶ¡
Ҳ֮ȻѹƵû˿֮Ҫ£Ҳһ򵥵顣
Ͼ۵ıƣڶûʩչ
͡
ŷһ·ۣ֮һܳĻӰΪٶ̫죬࣬ϵһ֮쳹ľ磬졣
Ĵõùŷоշ飬ʱŷȴû˿ᣬоǼ˸·֮ϣ澭ת˼ޡ

ȻʱһȣȻԹŷǰڹŷ绹ûзӦʱһҵΣѾֹŷõùŷ࣬ݺݵ
һεΣȸոձӷ֮ʱҪǿ࣬õùŷ粻˿Ĵ⣬ͬʱҲǳ׵ķŭ
Ͼ˭㱻εķҲ̲סķŭ
ȥ
ŭʱ򣬹ŷҲûһͺȣһ⣬ü֮зķ򣬿Ӷȥ
ŷ壬û˿ɵģ΢΢ƫһ˿ԭķ򣬼ǰӶȥϾʱ״ݲ˿ͣ
ȻĻһ׷ϣܣܲˡ
ңȻûмͻȻˣԶԷΣոоŷҲܹµ˵ʵҲȻпܣһѷ֮ǿߡ
ԼȻͬʱѷ֮ǿ׷ɱŷУ̲סһأͬʱٶҲǲɵٶȼӿһ֡
˵˵ǱģŷھᣬǻƽʱٶȣȻ޷ݡ
ŷţֻҪ˴ܹѷ֮׷ɱѣʵһķԾңпܣͻеľ磬ﵽԪת
ΪҵʱʵѾǵԪת۷֮ʱпܻͻƵԪתһε飬пܾͻͻơ
뵽ŷУҲǳ˶֪ģµٶȣٶȼӿһ֡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죡
ڹŷת֮ʣü֮зĽ⣬Ҳǰ棬ݺݵײ˹ȥ

Ȼ䣬ֻһ죬䣬ǵ⣬Ǳ˳ȥٶ˹ŷУԳ壬ǰɫС
ߣߣôף
ɫСɵͬʱһߣ쳹𣬶һƾ˹ŷǰõùŷ粻òͣΣ
㣿
ǰ·ƣ洫ϤϢŷ۾Ҳ̲ס΢΢ôҲû뵽ʱħ
λħŷǴ˲ٵĽȻ֪ԷĿֲȻû˾ͽʵҲԲǹŷܹġ
ңڵ״̬ǰ·׷ǣ˵⣬Ҫɹ뿪Ҳ첻
һʱ֮䣬ոջЩƵٶת׵˾֮С
ǾԹŷʱȷܹϾ
ٺ٣Сӣû뵽Ҳнɣ
Źŷ糹ɫħ֮Уȴһ󷭹һֻλǺ£죬ͳ׵Ľɣ
ŷ۾΢΢һУһ⣬û뵽ħһ壬Ϊ˶ԸȻϧ׷ϵɽݡ
Ҫ֪ôԶľ룬вᱻǿ߷֣ʱ򣬾׶༪١
ɴҲԿԷΪ˶ԸȻѾ¶˾ġ
뵽ŷ۾΢΢һУЦΪƾܹɱ𣿼Ȼˣ˾ͽʵǰҲȻἫĸ
ŷʱѾǾʱˣϾ˾ͽʵ˽⣬ֻҪħԷһἫĸ
ʱ˾ͽʵħȴ۵ΣҲܳ׵Ľһá
ƺǿ˹ŷ뷨ħ֮УٶȴһмЦٺ٣һΣ¾Ҫʧˣħϵ˾ͽʵңԣѾǰȥֹˣˣ죬ͲҪָ˾ͽϹˣ
ৡ
ʱһƷ֮Ҳڹŷ米𣬹ŷ粻ûͷҲ֪Ȼλ׷ӡ
һʱ֮䣬ŷǳ׵һΣ֮С


235 ˫˫ͻƣ֮

һȣħ֮дݶһֻ۶𣬳ŹŷϯȻħ˾ͽʵħҲĳһЩɿƵıʡ
ˣ˿ŷ練ӦĻᣬչĹ
ħֵͬʱλӣͬŹŷӭȥ
䡭
ʱ䣬ǿĹŹŷȥ
ŷüͷ壬ŽƣҲ΢΢һɹϵҲ֪ʱλ֮ǿߵΧɱͨ죬ҲȻͻΧȥ
ǣħʵݻˣҪǿ֡
ùŷִУȻǲܵģֻҪһڣ;ԲҲǹŷôɵļԸ
澭ȫ
ͷһŷȻѾת˼޵ľ澭ٶǿе˼Σ񱩵ɽһ㣬Ȼӿ
ңž澭ת˼ޣһɫ㣬ҲڹŷֶճһɫС
ңģǶɫС֮ϣŹ˸ƺҪճ㡣
ʷŷʱãڵһ㣬ӿ֮䣬ƱǰҪǿ屶ֹ
ƣ
һ˲ŷ͵תӭȥ֪ӵʵֻѷ֮ȻҪ߳٣ʱʵҲûͻƵĿܣѡħֵĻŷҿ϶һûͻƵĻᡣ
ৡ
ڹŷת˲䣬һǲϵӶеķеΣеĻյԽ
ԽǹŷĿǰΪʽ򽣹һҲҪ΢һΨһЩϧıǣûȫԵĽ
ȻĻкһƾԱǣȥͻħҲûпܡ
ϣûԣŷҲͲкһʩչеƣнƣ
䡭
ԺЩͷͬʱŷĹҲǺӵĹײһʱ䣬һƵ죬ա
ֻŷЩСѷǿߵܣʱƴȫҲδƿӵĹơ
顭
һ˲ӵƣǺݺݵӡ˹ŷļ֮ϣһƵ죬ŷ壬ҲȻ󵹷˳ȥ
ˡ
Լķɵ˲䣬ŷһ࣬Ҳǳ׵ĳȥħŭĶ֣һƬɬ
۷״̬ҲֵܵסħһƣҪ˵ʱѾӵһ֮£ˡ
ǣԼϱɥħ֣֮ŷУһ˿ز֮ɫ֮У޻˵ֻǼˡ
޵УУܸģ

ŷ˫Ŀͨ죬вʵһ澭תٶȣ˲ٶһࡣ
͡
ڹŷ㲻Ҫת澭֮ʣڣҲǲϵĴһ죬ŷ֪Ϊ澭תٶȹ죬ѵ
ǷƽʱŷȻǲˣǴʱѾǵ֮ʣŷȻûôĹǣûм澭תٶȣϵš
䡭
Ȼ䣬ŷֱһǷѾʱȻһּٶȣϵıû
ңŷܹоƣҲڴʱڽգ֮䣬ͻƱϣﵽԪת֮
ʱŷڵҲǱ쳣񣬱ԭ۷ʱڣҲҪһֹ
ȻͻȻıʣɻûнڹŷ˲䣬Χһɫ㣬ٶֶգ֮䣬ɫС֮С
ԶԶȥ֣ᷢŷδճɵɫСʱȻڿٵĹţǺ֮䣬Ѿȫɡ
ˡ
ɫСΣһ۵ĹâʱɫС֮ӿֶԶԶȥŷһɫһ㣬Ϊ䡣
⡭
ԼʣŷУҲһ˿ϲ֮ɫ״Ե˵ľ澭ͻˣͻƵ˵㡣
Ȼ֮ǰͲ²⵽澭ͻƵıԵǹŷƣôҲõչһ£ͻơ
û뵽Ȼʱͻƣһ˫ͻƣʵҲٽһԪת֮
һٶȿת
ٶȱŷǣ̲סĹһĨЦ⣬Цٺ٣ħû뵽ɣҾȻʱͻƣ
ߡͻƣҲվһ
ħƷ֮䣬һߴȻħҲû뵽ŷ羹ȻΣͷͻơ
ֻŷͻƵٶʵ̫ˣգ֮Ѿɣƻ
ɣ
뵽ħҲЩŭֻӶ֮䣬ٶȿ֣Źŷ統ͷŭĶ
ƣ
ʵͻƣŷҲıû˿ɵĳַһ⣬ϵļֺ˹ȥ
䡭
ʱ֮䣬һƵײ֮ϵĴݶ
õùŷɫǣʱҲû˿İ취ϵس֣ⲻϵıɣ˿赲ֵơ
¡¡
ʱ䣬ֺ£ֱǽŷݺݵ˵ϣõ棬ǾҵĲ
һȦ񱩵糱ˮһӿ֮ЩǵķݣԾ̮һʱ֮䣬̳
λ֮ǰֹŷӣҲ̲סһ˿𾪣Ȼû뵽ħʵȻǿ
ƣϣ¾ǿҲȻˡ
뵽Ҳ΢΢ҡҡͷΪŷĬѾ϶ŷɡ
ڲԶۺͿݻ˴սĵطʱеĶҲ̲סͣĿ⣬Ͷ촫ĵط
۵ɫ˼㣬û뵽һΣھȻɳôĸ֣ǹɿֲĲԷݻˣҪǿϼ֡
ͬʱҲǰΪŷ絣ôĸ֣ŷܹӵõ
۵û˿ĵ
ͳ۲ͬǣݻ˺һλѷǿߣ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⣬ŷȻҪһԪǿѲǿǰҲȻӱĽ֡
ңֻҪԷŷ磬ͻǻϣ֮죬ҲȻӡ
ٺ٣ۣ־ܣüȻĻҪ
뵽ݻҲ̲סų۵һЦ֮䣬Ѿû˸ղǰ
Ͼѳɶֻ֣Ҫס۱ɣûбҪղǰƴ
ë룡
ŭһͿ񱩵ƣʱٶȱһ֣ʽչ֮䣬Ѿ˼ƴļơ
ߣ֪ô
ݻһû뵽۾Ȼʱ򣬻Ҫŷ翹
ڿݻУʱĳۣڸŷ翹
Ȼˣɣ
뵽ݻ˺ѷǿ߶һۣ붯֣סȻʱڣ޷ƷǳۣҲӲ
˵ŷߣֽŷڵ֮󣬱𽥵ɢȥΪ̳赲һʱ֮䣬ӺħҲǿΡ
ˣҲܹʱ棬ѾǱѶһ׶ľ޴ѷ죬֩һ㣬Ӷ˿ͷƤ顣
ӣҲһεʶˣħŶôǿ
̳ɢӼæĿ⣬µĵطȻ֪ŷ綨ȻѾˣҪŷʱҵ˺ֵز
ħƣʱҲһ󷭹ģɺħ֮Ͷͬ·ĵ֮ϡ
͹ŷٽħӣӵ˽ŷ硣
һΣŷǱһ˵ϣûסüƣ
Ȼŷ챦ˣ˭֪һΣŷ绹ûʲôֶΡ
ңħڿɶǵãŷڳһߵļʱ¾ˡ


236 ƶӦ
ħӽǽĿ·ʱľҲ𽥱¶С
ֻʱĵϣһοӶͻأ֣һɶοӶܣһ޴ӡΧһѷ죬ͷƤ顣
ʱһΪǱΣǾοӶ֮У˿ˣ˹ŷ磬ƾޱˡ
˻
׼ǿŷʱľʱǲĵһƤݺݵ
Ͼ״ǻĲˡ
ħŷģʱħ֮Уȴһ󷭹һݶߣŷ磬û뵽㶼ûҵҪǲǻ챦壡
䡭
ħĻ£ħӿ֮䣬һɴС֣ʱٶ֣û˿ͣģŹŷŭĶȥ
⡭
ħľٶӵüͷ̲ס΢΢壬ŷʱģǴ·Ҳ죬ħȴҪٶȳ֣ЩΥףĺ
ϾѾͱʬ죡
ţӵΣҲǲźۼһЩ˺ħ֮ľ룬ϾԷĳ˴Ȼʱⲻ֣
ȻӵУѾǶħһЩ䱸
ӵľٶȻ޷ӵùħ۾Դˣħûκν͵ͼϾǷħ֮ɱŷģô룬ħĸ߰Ͳмһˡ
ֻҪܹŷɱС
ңħ֪ŷûô򵥵ľȥһΣŷʵֻԪһתӲüƣȻ챦֮ʡ
񣬹ŷʵǣӲô׵ȥǣŷĶȻĻħɲκεĽ
ǼǵãһΣŷͬǰ֮󣬾ͻٴγˣһƻħﱸõļƻ
¡¡
Ƶײ֮һضɽҡٶ쳹𣬿񱩵һĢһ㣬ԭڶ
ţô£
㶯õóۺͿݻһϾոǰ춯⣬ԷڶԸŷ硣
ûжãٶȴҵ춯ôܹõвɻأ
ѵŷڸոõ˶Ĺ֮£û
Լͬģ뷨ͬʱ˵Ժ֮У󣬱ֱͬʱҡͷ
ոǰ춯ȻδᣬǴನ֪˵ǹŷ磬ǿݻ˶ϣмܡ
ԹŷԪתʵܹס
Ȼ۲ϣŷ£ҲΪŷܹһơ
ǣűǿ߸ϵ͸ոλǿߣս
뵽۵жʱһΪŷ֮ǰͺ˵һλͬ飬ɽݻˣأԷĴ򶷣Ϲ˰ɣ
ţһֱŵһҲǷ
ڳ۷ɵ飬ݻ˺һλѷǿߣɫǲЩѿΪ˶Ըۣγ˾ǿʵһϧħᣬ޷³۵ĻǣҲûˡ
뵽ݻ˺λѷǿ߶һۣͬʱӴ˹ȣȻͻ״Ѿõǵģòƽ
Ϊеǣ֮䣬û˿ĹǣȻģһ˿ľ档
ǣĳջ֮У
ƶЩڷ֮в߶һţһ߻ϵ߶ţȻУҲܹóΪŷš
˵С㣬ͲҪȦˣ۾ˣ
˫βڴرϣŲ߶Ļƶûֹһ
˫β˵ŷôôʱˣûлǲʲôΣˣ
˫βôһ˵ƶҲͣ˫βʵ
˫βûƲƲ죬ֹܹʲôΣհø첲ȵģҿǻûҵǸʲô۵ģϾôҪһˣôף
ţ˵Ҳǣ
ƶЩͬĵ˵ͷߵƬ֮󣬱üͷһ壬Щɵĵԣһĸоƺŷʲô£
뵽ƶҲסˣֱȥ
ιʲûȥ
Żƶֱӳȥ˫βһ̲סĳʵ
ҳȥȴ˵ţƶҲ˫β˵αǳӶȥգ֮䣬ѾûӰ
ιιι㲻ҪҶﰡ
Żƶʧ˫βʱˣУǵ׷ȥʱ򣬻ƶѾûӰӡ
ɫѵļһȻһ
Ϊֹ˼䣬˫βҲæܻϾڿǱƶţȻܹжһʵȴ޷ӡ
ǱһЩ֮ץסͳ׵군ˡ
뵽˫βҲǶԹŷԽӵû˺øУﰵ䣬ŷĳʲôźá
ŷ磬ǧ°
ӳ˿ջƶǼæԶӶȥΪʱԽвǣǿɲСһʱ֮䣬ƶҲ֪ȥĸѰҹŷ磬ֻѡһ򣬿ٵȥ
һ߼ٸ·ƶлһΪŷ簵ţǧҪ¡
ף
ҳ価ӵһʱ䣬Ŀ⳯·ȥҲ˵ӵĿ⣬һֱ·
Ϊʵ̫棬ħΪʲô֪ŷѾˣҪһƣѵУűʲô鲻ɣ
Ȼӣһʼħ̫̣֪ŷҲԸŹԷǺתһ룬־ò̫ܡ
ϾٴޣҲûôĵңѪ֮ˣҲûмԼҲɱ飬˵ʬҲԲڡ
ȻԭǱˡ
ΪȻ뵽ˣħǣѰʱһǱǣæû⣬֮ǰһˡ
Ϊħû˵˵ݣӺͿݻҲ֪ŷʵݣ˵ŷʵûжǿ֮󣬱ˬĴӦ
ȻŷܹħӣҲŹ֮Ϊӣжڹŷ磬Խĺ
ӵĿ⣬ӵĹŷʱ̲סķһףˣԭѾӵĹŷ磬ʱȻһ˿΢Ϣ
Ȼ˿ϢΪ΢ȴʵʵĴš
ңʱĹŷϣһɫСɢһɫĹԣŷֶԵΪ
ʲô챦ȻܹԶ
ŹŷϵɫСӵУһ˿֮ɫ֪ʥҲԶǹŷϵɫСûָӡ
뵽ӵУҲһ˿ŨṴ֮̃ɫ
ϾܹõԺ󣬿ɾֶһűĵƣͬʱҲµħ֮ǰǷľٶΪ챦£
̰Ҳ˿춯ϾħǿոգѾǼʶˡ
ߡȻ
ڼŷϵС֮ʣħڵħ֮Уһ˿ߴ
û˾ͽʵң죬α
ɺĹħ֮бħƷ֮䣬һֻ۶û˿ͣٵĳ·ȥ
ңõӺȻǣħЩ֮󣬺òͣЪ֡
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һ̣ħУô泩ˣ͹ŷôãǽŷ糹ɱôܲأ
ңҪǣ͸ħħ֪ˣŷ羹Ȼһ֮ԴùŷɳǶħһвɾ̫ˡ
ܹɹĽŷɱһˣһһ󹦣ħ˷ܵǣܹŷڵ֮ԴȡħˣԻõܴķܹͣΪħħۣҲпܡ
Ϊħ˵ħһУһλõһԴ֮׸ħħϲ֮£Զ֣λඥֱõλΪħۣ
Դ֮ħһ壬ԾҪõŷڵıԴ֮ħҲ춯ֻܾ۲졣

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ϹŻ
ǻеħΪݶĿҲǿٵĳ·Ʋһۣʱ䣬ĿԽ˼֡
ΪԭħбɵĹŷ磬ʱûȻոһƣûڹŷϣǱǰֻϹŻ
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ħΪҲǽĿ⣬˻֮еϣһ˿档
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ߣҵĹŷ磬վɣ
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ƶĻ棬ȻǼΪĿֲ֮ռ価ŤѿһĿռѷ죬ڵ޿ռ䣬޷ɻƶĻ档
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񱩵ɽһ㣬Ȼ԰֮ϴݶںڵ֣ǰʣ֮䣬ЯԻɽ֮ŲԶĻƶĶȥ

ƶϹŻ֮쳹ʣĻ棬ǲϵı任Ÿ״ֲײ
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238 ֮
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ħ֮Уħǲм̶ĹЦ֮ݶħһ󷭹ֻ֣ͬʱ۶𣬶һǰһ󣬳ŻƶŭĶȥ
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ħӶݵ˲䣬ڻ泤֮ϵڹ⣬ʱ׷ױѶȻûħ֧֣ٹҲû˸ղŵ
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ߣˣҲܶڵնҪ
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󣬻ƶһѱŷ磬ڿն𣬱뿪
ʱĹŷ磬ȻǱϢҲΪǺ͸ղȣȴҪ̫ˣΪʱڣһ͵ʱһģһĺϷ
ֻһɫСߣڹŷţ֮һɫ㣬Щɫ㣬żΪǿ޸ǱƤ֮󣬽ܹٵĽƸָ˹ңģԭҪӵǿ
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뿪ĻƶȣȴǺȻԭأڳ˼һ֮ȻһתķӶȥ
֮ǰԹŷֵӣħӶݵ˲䣬ĵ뿪ңΪ±ƶ֣Ӳûȥҿݻ˻ϣǳһ
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µݻ֪ΪԼղŵһɤӣԼɱ֮󣬹ƾҲٶȱ
ŷͳ֮ľ룬ȻҲԲԶƶȻʱΣһһˣٶȣҪȹŷࡣ
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ƶͻȻ֣õÿݻһ˿õԤУǵƶеĹŷʱüͷǽһ˿䱸֮ɫ


239 ѣԴ赲
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ſݻΪ䱸ʣƶȴôĿ⻺ɨΪǱĳϡ
ǳۣ
ƶüͷ΢΢壬̲סĳʵȻͳûһνȻԷǹŷѣƶҲ޷Ӳ
οڻƶпΧ۵ˣֶԽ㲻̫鷳
õÿݻ˺Ǹѷǿ֪ƶе뷨֮󣬲֪᲻ᱻѪ˵ʵĪ˵ǣڻڣڵλߵĴڣѰ֮˱˵ѵһҪͽᣬû·أ
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Ҿǣ֪͹ŷֵʲôϵ
΢΢˵㣬˵Ŀǰ֪ƶ͹ŷĹϵԶڻƶһ˿䱸
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˵ţƶǵȻתʼգûж࿴ݻ˶һۡ
ߣСŮޣ㵱ǺôĿĪǣҶǰ費ɣ
ƶȻǸԼˣݻ˶ʱ̲סЦһ䣬˻ƶǰ
Ȼڻƶʵݻ˲ƶϲûκεõÿݻЩ
ƶʵǿԷͣȻҲȥ

Ϊħ˹ŷ磬ƶоЩʹ죬û뵽ʱȻһͷ·±ǽƶŭ׵ļ˳û˿ģſݻ˱ȳ
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ֻڻƶԼԼľٶʴȣڿݻ˿ǳӺˡ
Ƥݺݵһ󶶶ݻ˵˫Ŀܹŭһ㣬ŭЦúúãϷҪһëѾͷʲôʸϷ
ݻ׹ڻƶǰ壬ûƿֺԽһЩ
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ƶûжģʱݻƣǾһŭֱͷâһĳſݻ˿˹ȥ
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л𾪣Ǿãһɴһɽһ㣬йȥ
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һ˲ݻ˵壬ͬڵһ㣬ź浹˳ȥһֱɳϰԶص˵ϣڵ֮󣬿ɲûоʹͣЪǲŵ棬󵹻һײʮǽ֮ſͣ
ֻʱĿݻˣӿνǱ˼㣬Ѿ飬ȫ¶֮ϣһһ飬ûһá
ҪǣʱĿݻˣ˫͹ŤѾǳ׵ûϢ
һλ֮ǿߣȻǱƶһȭˡ
ڻƶĳۣڿ˿ݻΪҵ³֮Ҳ̲סĵ˿ĭ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵Լ˽ݻ˵ģҲ˵ԼԿݻ˵ʵź˽⣬Ͼ˽Ѿܶˡ
ǣû뵽һõΪɵĿݻˣȻԷһȭӲ£ֱǱһȭˣŹŷСѾͷŶôֲԷʲôʵʵʥͨ
Ȼˣ֪ƶһȭɹһλͨǿߣƾͲôˣŷһҪڸƶһȭһλǿߣǾԲһ㾪ȣ
顭
һƵ죬۾˹ǼλͿݻһѷǿߣҲڻƶһȭ֮£˿ݻ˵ĺ󳾣һȭĴˣ
߰ɣ
ƶ֮ϣһ˿ʹ֮ɫһţͷų˵һǷ𣬳Զ۶ȥ
΢΢һ֮ҲǺݺһҧȥ
죬ȻûйŷǰˣȻ֮УǱλǿΧҲǳ˲ơ
״һλǿߣ¾ԪתǿߣҲȻֲôܻܿ䡣
ԣƶȻֲۻǸȥ
٣ԷӦþͲٺ
ƶͳһ·ۣԼСʱ֮󣬱֮ǰסǼõ꣬ڿһ䷿֮󣬱ǼææĽȥˡ
ƶĽŷ磬ԼĴϣһ˿ƣ֮ɫ
컹ûסֶǹˣ
žڴϹŷ磬ƶĺ촽΢΢һΪɬ
ƶı壬ϹŻڣһɼֲǹʦΪ֮𾪣ֻǿӡڻƶڣ޷ƿء
һΣΪ˾Ǽλ֮ͨϼһƶ֮£Ƕһڷӡŵԣһȭ֮ͨĺ췢߸ɡ
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죬ƶǲ㶯ǹģǱݻһ׵ıŭˣʧȥ֮£ֱǶǹ
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˫βУתͣǿƶ԰׵ɫʱеĹâǶȻһ
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ʱƶҲ˰ΰѵ״̬֮УˣټһҹδߣǻƶʵٸߣҲЩмܡ
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ȻʱһɫâȻԹŷڼ˫βٶȣҪϼ֣󣬳˫β˹ȥ
ţʲô⣿
ͻıʣõ˫β̲סͣΪֱǵɫâĪΣա
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˫βɵһ˲䣬ɫâѾǺݺݵغ˫βϣֱǽ˳ȥ
һڵϵף˫βͣͣڻƶԵɫâһ˿ɵԼ졣
ɵΪɫâʵ̫죬죬Ϊ˫β֪ƶϣôĶ
һ˿ɵĹâ˫β֪ԼѾʧȥѵĶʱ䣬ǿ˿һ֪Ļƶ˫βЩԸ⣬ʹ˷ѵõĻᡣ
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ڿ·̵У˫βһֱĶɫâ¶Էʲôٶһ㡣


240 ؽ۶Ƚ
͡
˫βƶһ֮ʱһֱû춯ɫâٶȶˣһ㣬˫βûзӦʱֱٶȺϡ
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ৡ
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緢һУȻǷǳǣʱþȫȥֿ׹ⶼѾԵΪȻӵû˿İ취
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ĺȻػǾͲȻˣûûƤ


242 
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վǰİߺͷûйâתҲ֪Ѱ˼ʲô
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ŷݶõЩڲԶۿԪǿߣһ˿ɻ󣬲֪ŷ羿Ҫʲô
ƶסİͷһۣһ˿м
ȻѾǲµŷĴˡ


243 Уؾצ
ʱĳۣѾǳʧ©Ƥ֮ϣһѪڣѪҺӿ
ңģЩѪҺ֮Уƶɫâ
촽ѣ˻Ƶݶŷ磬ҪգȻĻֻẦװ׶
仰ƺѾǺľ˳е˵֮󣬱ĵͷ
˴ʱѾû˿ԵֿЩˣ֮Եڶûе£Ϊеһ־ǿš
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ŷоâһ˾û˿ɵģų۱Ӷȥ
䡭
ŷͻȻ룬õǱͱƣٶżƵ촫ݶһ磬һ㣬ϵ׹䣬ŹŷͳŭҶȥ
ŷ硭
ŷͻȻĶʱõûƶ̲סľһвŨŨĵ֮ɫ
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ߣŷǳʲô£ҶҪȫ
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˵ŷ磬ʱشٵķΧ֮ڣᵽѹ֮УȻҲѹȣǺʹ˵رȴС׼ˡ
ŷҲ֪ʱɻǳɵʱ򣬶ʱ䣬ŲȻӰһĻӰϵĶ׹µɫ磬壬ǿٵĳų۵ķӶȥ
澭ȫ
Ǻ֮䣬ŷѾ˳ǰû˿ɵģ澭˲ת˼ޡ
澭޵ޣΪãȻŷĿǰֻ˵㣬ҲӦЩ׽١
⣬ǹŷҽԭҲǵ
ˡ
ž澭ȫתʱ䣬һһɫСڹŷֶϵ˸ɫĹâ
䡭
Źŷȫת澭ֻģһɻ糱ˮһ㣬Ȼעڣõùŷոĵ˲ǲȫ
ٺ٣û뵽Ȼ˵ĳ棡
ԴԴϹעڵĻŷУҲȻһֻҪ֧ţģɹһ٣
뵽ŷû˿ɵģʼЩԴų۵ѹ
ŷ磬Ǻαأ
ȻѹõóҲ΢΢˿߲ԶĹŷ磬бһ˿Ǹ⡣
´磬ץʱˣȽң
ŷ簲οĳ۵ļ򣬶΢˫Ŀȫת˾澭

ŷˣҲֻһ̾ˣѾû˷ڵأˣڳƬ֮󣬱ϥʼ޸ڵ
Ȼ۲Ϊŷܹ½׽٣ȴû˿취ֻץʱˣʱҲܶŷֵһЩѹ
ڳ۱˫۵˲䣬ŷ΢յȴȻ˿Ȼʱһ˿嶯ĳɷ档
ǴʱѾȻûִеĵ
Ŀǰ׽٣ǲöԸ
ŷ΢΢̧ͷĿֱʣѾǳױһƬڵƣбһ˿ء
Ȼ׽٣仯һʵı仯
üͷ΢΢һ壬ŷйâһ׽ٶȸ֣ŷ磬ȻĿ֮Уʼ䶯˽
ڸʲôȽٵʱ򣬻˼轣
˭֪أ˵ǷҲпܣ
ҿδأ˵׼׼һ׼ΪĽӦԽ׽٣
ʱ䣬һĵ֮ʮλԪǿ֮䣬
󲿷ֵˣΪŷѾǵ;ĩ·֮
һض
֮ŷˣҲܣʱ޴в֮£ǽǰδеļееĳ֮ϡ
󣬿ǰûгֹģ
ʱ䣬þһ㣬ŷ緢֣Լһصĵط
֮˵طأΪطֻһ޼ʵƽأ˵棬ûκεĶ
¡¡
ʱǵȻһҵĲһ޴ѷ죬֣ӣƺѾǽƬƽأֳһ㡣
һɽ壬εضֱʣ
һɽ壬Ϊɽ壬һһ㣬һ˼ѹȵĸоɽ֮ӿ
ǹŷԶǸоһƣƶһ쳣ļѡ
ɽ壬ϰθߣƬ֮ѾǳƲ㣬ʱɽȴǺȻһֻնס͵صضƿջӶ
ˡ
һΪص֮ɽ֮ϴݶŷǷֵ֣ĻӶ֮£أΪ֮һ
һض
֪ģŷ̲ס૳һ˿֮ɫ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬ŷһ˿Ц󻺻ĿԺУٶȸֳոǿֲһĻ
ŷٶ۾ʱǴ֮£һɹɵѹ֮УϵĴݶٵϡ
Ȼԭõùŷ缫Ϊصѹȣʱȴùŷ仯˿ϣǹһ˿Ц⡣
ѹȻȷǺ͸ոǱɽ֮ϵѹȣȴĿŷ磬Ǹоࡣ
ʱŷͷ֮ϲϷƣҲǻͣЪŷȴ֪׽٣ӦϾͻήˡ
䡭
ȻڹŷոЩͷ˲䣬ƲǱ˺ѶһֻצƲ̽˳
ֻצͨ͸ڵĹ󣬸һļµĸоңҪǣǾצʵһ·ܹ˿
˻
ڼ龰֮󣬲ԶЩۿȽٵԪǿߣҲǷ׷׵һȻֻצźԶһξ룬ǾˣҲõУ̲סһ˿⣬ƣԷһ㣬ǣСͬϡ
ƶԼڴսλߣҲͬһʱͣ˫Ĭģûٶȳ֣׷׽Ŀ⣬ֻצ֮ϣһ˿Ȼ
ȻǶû뵽ʣȻ˿µش١
ŷüͷ壬һ˿أ֮£ܸܵԷĿֲܣѾܹ⡣
û뵽ҹŷ磬Ȼһ׽٣
ͱ˲ͬǣŷвû˿η壬һµİҪǾצһ¡
ˡ
ʱŷڣȴǺȻص֮õùŷüͷ̲ס΢΢塣
ֻŷڣ֮ԴһֱûжĻ֮ԴʱͬʱҵĲ֮Դãǻ֮Դȴ쳣ıƺҪѾ澭ơ
ô£
ŷ̲ס΢΢һû뵽֮Դڴʱֱ˵ɲľһ¡
ĪǣǸܵǾצϢ
Ȼ䣬ŷ뵽һʵʵĿܣ֪ôģŷȴǾã֮ԴıºǾצѲ˸ϵ
ʱȽڼŷҲûйȥ֮Դ½еľٶȼе˾צ֮ϡ


244 צСҩ

ھצ£֮ռ޲ѣƬƬĿռƬһľ硣
ھצ̽һƬ쳣׳ֱۣҲǻչǰ
ֱˮͰϸȻƬɴһ¡ļ֪ӵŻصİ
Īǡش٣Ҳ˲ٿزɣ
ǼֱһľצԼֱۣŷͷȻԾһͷƬ֮󣬹ŷֽͷ׳Ժ
شȻۣôܻǱ˲ٿأˣҲȻˣܵˡ
ţŷҲ䱸ֻǾצµƬ̣ʩչȫһ
˵ǸСܿסһצ𣿡
ôܣǸСӣʵҲԪתȻսǿһЩֻצȻѾͨش٣룬ѰѷǿߣһܹסǸСӣˣһԼ
ǺǣˣᣬȴѾ˲ʵزֻ֮ϧҪˣ
ǻµھצЩڲԶۿԪǿߣ̲סĳ̾ͬʱҲǾòУǿɴûشپȻ䣬ٽȥһˣش٣ֻʲôأ
Ѿǲˣ㲻룬Ҳ֪ǱȻڣֲʮ࣬ʱֻǣܵشٵĲ
䡭
ʱǻµھצƺȻʧȥһ㣬ٶȻӿ죬ΪȻٶȣõÿǷһ졣
ŷ۾΢΢һУһ˿ǰδеأֳֳʼһһʽ䶯
ӽԽһֱԽһһʽ쳣νңŷ䶯ٶԽԽ죬ֱǴһĲӰԶԶȥǼʮˣͬʱ䶯һ㡣
кһ֮ƣ
Ȼ䣬ŷﱬȳ壬ҲͬһʱȻͣ£гңңһָһɫ⣬ʱѽɣھצӭȥ
ɫ⣬ֻһ̣߳ȴһͬذѹȣɫâת֮䣬â֮Խǿʢ
ơ
һ˲ھצɫȻײײ˲䣬ȴǲûб֮еĳ죬ռ䣬Ϊ֮һ
ֹİõеˣһּܵĸоָоֱȳһֻӬҪܡ
ŷüͷ˲ס΢΢һ壬һ˿Ŀ⡣
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ŵգûг೤ʱ䣬֮һ쳣Ƶ죬Ȼݶ˲쳹ǧ
ͬʱһɿֲҲһȦⲨԼٶȣɢŷ׵壬ֱನĳ£󵹷˳ȥ;Уһ˺üѪ
ЩۿԪǿߣҲǷ׷չΣԶӶȥܿನֻаͷԼƶû㣬ֱһƺನ׺ɢ
͡
ǻģ㣬ɽľȴʱ䣬ನ֮£Ծ̮ٲȻһĩյľ
Ƕ㿪ನ֮ʣǼæĿ⣬ٶͶ䵽ھצɫ֮ϣһ˿֮ɫ
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ɫվھצÿһεײâᰵһ֡
ꡭ
һγƵײһ죬Ȼ쳹ǱǼɫھצĺ֮£̼ǲһѷ죬һױѡ
˻
ڼ֮ⷬʣҲǶʱ׷׵һȻھצĿֲѾԶԶĳǵԤϡ
ȿȿȡ
ŷѵĴӵɫһƬҰףҵĶȻǣ˿ڣһ˿Ѫ̲סҵĿ
󣬹ŷ绺̧ͷڵӣĶھצȻأǸȴһ־ǿһֲϷľǿ
ոգನĺ֮£ڣѾǳ˺صƣһ˿ǼΪѣھצ׶༪١
Ѿ˵زټѣŷҲȻûԴеĵ
һ˿ɫ󣬹ŷйâһһöԲ͸ףζ˱ǵĵ裬ǳС
ö裬Ȼǹŷ統ڵż֮УĽǵжģҺһöٵģƭ
Ҳˣùŷ֪öҩ;
޵˼⣬ô˵ھ˵ǱӶڶʱڽʵߵһΡ
ֵҩűʵ𣬺ֻͨҩߵǰߣͨߵǱߵʵ
ȻˣӵĽֻʵü޵ܹͬߵ
˵һ˷鵤ʱͻƵԪ񾳣ҲֻԪ񾳵ĻնС
˼޵ܹӵлͬնС
Ȼˣ޵ĺôͻҲǲ£ü޵֮󣬻ٵߵһǱڽͻƣż谭
ѾǵͷŷҲ͹˲̫ˣֻҪܹţôţҪǿ
кɫһŷһţǽеĵ裬ֱ̽˸С
䡭
ŵ壬ŷʱãһɻ˲עڣ󣬿ʼͨ˴ľζ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬ŷǷ֣һɹɻϵӿЩͬƾղһ㣬Ǻƽʱֺ
ЩĲŷƣҲǿʼڽգ֮䣬ѾͻԪתԪת֮
Ǽ޵𣿾Ȼ棡
糱ˮһŷУҲǷһ˿ĹаΪ޵̾
ü޵֮ߵǱԽܹߵʵҲԽ࣬Ѿûһ˿һǱô˼޵ҲӲһʵ
һϣҲܿһߵǱŶ
쿴ǸСӵϢȻʼǿˣ
ԶʮλڹۿԪǿߣŷϢȻ𽥱ǿʱ̲סľһ
ǰû뵽һԪתСһȻ˵ƣ֮ˣ֮̾ҲǷ׷ͬĵ˵ͷ
һߣһֱΪŷ簵ǵĻƶټŷϢȻǿ֮Ҳĵ˿˵ʵڵģڼڵľצ֮󣬾ƶҲǰΪ֮ľֲĲǲڷӡŵûȫİա
ͻƶƽɫȣߺͷɫԽΪõƣܹʰĳۣû뵽ʱȻӶȱʣ׽ٵ䣬Ҳδһ½˳׳
ѵǵﶪһ˲
ߺͷƺͬʱ뷨һۣһ˿ĪĹâȴǿʼЩԪǿߡ
ȻѾǿʼѰһˡ
䡭
ʲô뷨˿̣ھצѾٶȳŹŷȻ£ھצȻδ£ǿƣȴѾõùŷµĵ棬ѣһѷ죬һ㣬ܲ
ŷɫأüͷ˫ĿεĶǼµľצ壬һּΪɣĲţõļھצѹȣӶΪǿĹ
ʱĹŷ磬һʵѾǵԪת֮纣ˮһ಻õֿ˺صĴ
תʵ˼ŷתʵԪתһԾΪԪתʵ޴ҲԿŷǱŶ


245 ʰ
顭
һ˲ŷ綯ˣֻŷ˫ڵһ壬񱩵糱ˮһӿŵը졣
󣬹ŷ͵İεض˾Ŀ֮Уھצӭȥ
кһ֮ƣ
һȣԹŷﴫݶڰգŷβϱ任һӰϸֶصһ
ৡ
һ̣һɫ⣬ٶӶھצӭȥת֮䣬Ʊոյһǿʢʮֹ
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һ˲ƶΪ֮һƵ죬ÿ˵Ķը죬õΪ֮һаզࡣ
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һߣȻݶʱĹŷ磬ʵǣʽչ֮䣬Ѱǿߣ¶мܣھצȻֲڹŷһкһ֮£Ǳ˳ȥգ֮䣬ٶص˺Ʋ֮С
һбƻھצŷоâеĶȴ˿ͣһһ޴Ľշڵƣŭնȥ
ͷƺҪƬƣɢ
䡭
ŷĿٶȻǼŭƣһ羪׵죬ϵĴݶž죬һⱬ
˺
һ˲ƱǱٶ˺ѶֻھצٶֶŹŷǵŭĶȥ
ꡭ
һ˲޴Ľ⣬ǺȻѣھצҲٶƣѾǲԸٶԹŷ֡
ţʲô
ŷ۾У֮ͫһ˿ɻĹâĪǣش٣Ѿȫȹˣ
뵽ܣŷҲ΢΢˿˵ʵڵģȻոһھצ˻ȥǴھצղŵûܵʲô̫˺
ԣŷ绹ĲԸٺھצԿ
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ߺͷͬʱһһ˿ĹâڻƶûзӦʱͬʱչΣŲԶЩԪǿ߷Ӷȥ
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ڵİߺͷЩԪǿߣһĻ֪Էʲô⣬׷׵תΣæԶӶȥ
ߣڲܣδЩ̫˰ɣ
ҴܵԪǿߣ߲мһЦһӣһռѷǸֳû˿ɵ˽ȥ
͡
һ̣һλͷ񱼵Ԫǿߵǰռһ䶯һӰǰߡ
ٺ٣ԹԵĸϷȥ
ɫȾԪǿߣ߲мһЦֱһӣԪǿߣƵķӶȥ
Ҫǰ
һ̣λԪǿĺˣǿֲھצ룬;õսľҿ϶ԼԪתʵƬ̶ֵסᱻĳһ࣬඼¡
λԪǿߵİ󣬰ȴû˿ĶݣֻǿٵĳƵķȥ
һߣͷͬҲǴסһԪǿߣŹŷڵķȥ

ŰߺͷľٶƶʱŭһһǳһȥһˣҲǷû˿İ취
϶ǲƽأ
ŷĿ΢΢ת֮ջĿ⣬ڼٶİϣͷʱƶˡ
Ȼ棬ǽͺúõ棡
Ȼ䣬ŷϣһĨĻȣһŰ˹ȥ
Ȼˣŷ֮ԸΪ֪ش٣ʵѾˣ֮ԻţΪȥֻ̥Ҫʽѷ֮ƣԻɢ
ԼȻҲֿ׽٣ǺԵģĶȽ֮ˣԶȽ֮ĺôҲûаëǮϵ
ţСӸʲô
Źŷ羹ȻͻȻԼӶߵüͷ̲ס΢΢壬һ˿õԤС
ŹŷʵҲԪתҲͷȻŷոձֵļΪֲǶʵİ˵Ҳر
뵽̲סЦһٺ٣Ȼ㲻׽٣Ϸһݴ񣡡
˵ţֱһ˦ǽԪǿߣŹŷݺݵ˦˹ȥڰ߿ֻҪһӽŷ磬ǿֲ׽٣ٶȽ٣ʱٶȷ׽٣Բǹŷֿܹģ
ߣ
Ȼڼ˰ߵľٶ֮󣬹ŷȴһеɱ⣬εıӿһնû˿ɵģǽλԪǿߣնΡ
ٺ٣úݶСӣ
ŷ羹Ȼû˿ɵģǽλԪǿնɱߵУʱһ˿ŭ֮ɫȴЦһ޳˵
͡
ŷȻͣ٣˰߶棬˦˦֮ϵѪŽĿ˰ϣЦëϻݵö˵գҪ㸶ۣ
˵ţŷһǳŰȥе׽ϵĻһĽ⡣
ʱĹŷ磬Ѿȫ֮ƣһ⣬̺֮ԣ⼫ΪͨʽڰпҲ쳣Ŀֲ
ΪǿߣҲܹ֮ŷĽ죬ǰߵҲܻǽŷĽ⣬һľ¡
ٺ٣Сޣ˵ʵǺϷվһЩ
ٶȽƬ̣̲סĴЦһȻһʱùŷûа취ͬģŷҪ˵Ҳûпܡ
ȻļƻЩϧˣҲûа취ֻ취˦ŷ磬ˡ
𣿡
ȻŷУȴһ˿Ĺâû˿ֵͣĴ㣬֮䣬Խ˼֡
ʱĹŷ磬쳣Ļڼϼ޵ҩõùŷ綼ֲĸоʱͰ߽֣ȴÿԷй
ңҪıǣŷȻѾǳɹ֮ƣҲϾǸոţҪ򣬲֪ʲôʱ
ͨͰ߶ݵĽ֣ŷǷ֣Լ֮Ƶ򣬾ȻԽһЩ
ĺôһȻû׷Źߵĵ
ߣƲԳԷƣϷҪʶһ£ǿߵܣ
ŷ粻ûͣ£ƷԽҵļ֣߶ʱһ˿ŭ֮䣬񱩵ϵӿŷĽ⣬Ǹı˻ȥ
ߣһûǿߣҲҵǲ֪ߣ
ŷ۾΢΢һУ̲סļеĶû˿ͣԽĿ˼֡
㡭Сӣ
ƽµģǱ˵ûΪһһ˰̣ʱŷĽʱ߳ŭŭɶ˫ĿŭŹŷ磬֮䣬Ѿ˼ƴļơ
ŷڼߴʱģ֮ȴ̲סһЦõĺͰսһ
һߣƶͷսҲ˽ֵľ棬ȻƶܹȵѹͷǶԷҲʡ͵ĵƣҪܣɲһ׵顣
ԣȻͷȥƺʱܣֻлƶԼԼ޷ͷ
ٺ٣СŮޣҺûʲôޣƴɣ
һ߻ҵĶŻƶĹͷһЦҪȰƶ֣ͬʱҲǰΪϹŻʵ̾
ߣǾȻҪݺŷѣǽ죬ɣ
ƶ̲סһû˿ֵͣĴ㣬֮䣬õͷæ


246 ʵǳ
սĿֲսЩԪǿߣıǶ˿ȥ۵ԼϾѾǰ֮
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ȻʱԶħ֮µĳۣһǿϢȻ˲սһһӰһ㼤
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ˣȺ֮У̲סһĿٶȱûȣڴµһĻ
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ʵ˵ѷ֮Ѱ֮Ƕ֣
ʵǹŷ֪ΪȵشԽǿõԽ֮࣬٣ĵӣ˵Ǿ죬õĺôȻǱܹ
ߣƥػģӺ㺦Ĺŷ綪գɣ
ŭһ֮䣬Խ֣һȭӰϵļŰŭȥ
ʱĳۣȻоյĶȹ׽٣еķŭҲ֪ǹŷһЩƣڵѾǻ˻ҽ
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ٺ٣СӣȻżֶΣգϷ㲻ˣ㻹Ƕùڵ׷ɱ˵ɣ
ҲΪ۵ʵ̾⣬ˣֱһα˿ռѷ֮С
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ŷ磬úϻھͽɱˣ
һĬԵĳۣʱֱ˹ŷĻɱⰻȻȻ飬Ѿǳ׵ļŭ˳ۡ
ߣϷȻ򲻹ǣҲɱɱģ
ͷһ˸ڹŷͳ˲˼Ŀ֮Уֱӵͷܣٶ֮죬֮綼Ϊһ֮£ѾûӰ
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ˣǻȻȥɣԶԷʵҪ£Щѣ
ŷĿ⣬ЩԪǿɨһۣջĿ⣬˵һ䡣
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ĳۣȻʵǣǱϾǸոͻƣ϶ûȹ̣һӱôʵһûȫա
ŷΪϵһ㣬ʱŹ׷ɱͷĴ㡣
֮һ˼С֮ϣӰС
ˣǶʮˣһŮеĿݣŮòǹŷˡ
գŷ˻ص֮󣬲δʰһЩ֮󣬱뿪ǣһ·űС
ϾǺòװ˻ڵ׷ɱȻɵȻɸ֡
ʱ䣬۵ľ磬Ҳǳ׵ȹ
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ݳ˵׽֮󣬵õķֱ̫֮࣬
˵ĺôõùŷ֮࣬ҲԵΪ۸ˡ
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ŷǾãУƺһЩʲôٵЩͻƣźܴ谭
ŷһ룬µٵЩпܣǱˡ
գΪӦǿֲھצŷ粻òü޵Ƿü޵֮󣬱ǻĵʹߵһǱ
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ݣɴ½ģ֮֮ϱĿ½֮еκһ½Ҫϼ֡
ңΪ½ģǿ֮ǿߣҲֻĩͨǿߡ
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ħħƵҺܶţǺħǧ˿ƵĹϵֻ£ǧٴ֮ʣѵֿ
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뵽΢΢һЦҲ޴ȥȥݣ
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һԵĻƶĿ΢΢ָֻõùŷͳۣûп˿ߡ
Цһͬʱӿ˲
ŷˣȻѾ뿪ˣǴʱǴɽݾڣݣʮǧľ롣
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˵ҪͨݣɺͨŹ죡


247 س
ŵɽ֮䣬һ޺𲻶쳹춯أõһЩ·˵صߣǷ׷ױãǻ
һֻһӰ֮䣬Ҳ⣬쳣ա
Ӱ棬ͷ൱ԱԱ峤ף߰ɣ绨ưëֱ
ħޣ籪
籪ΪħޣѰԪת֮ǿߣǶԷĶ֣Ȼʱͷ籪ȴΪǱһ߶೤Ѫ֮УϵѪҺӿȾ롣
һÿζŪôѪȣ
ս֮زԶһŴ£һһŮϥĿȴͶսĵطƬ֮ҡͷһЦûֹһ
ǳ༫ΪŮӣƺҲǳͬӵĻΪͬĵ˵ͷϣȴһ˿Ц⡣
һһŮǳۺͻƶսӰǹŷɡ
ʱ˴ǰݣѾȥһ֮ãĿǰĻǻ֮С
ȻˣĿǰҲڻݵΧھ죬ҲܽǵݣҲ˴¶Եʡ
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ʱ춸ȻݶǵӰȻת¶Ѿ𽥱óݣŷ磡
ڹŷͷ籪ѾǻȾѪ˵ϡ
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ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ֱ˶£̲סķһ̾
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Ԫתż֮£㿨һ֮á
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ڻڵʵΧ֮ڣںͻڵǿ棬ǽȻǲԶ
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һµϰߣƶȻҲѾӦ
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ৡ
۾յĹŷ磬ʱȴȻ˫Ŀһ˿ɻɫһ˲ʧԭء
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ŷһ·ۣβһ㣬һʮɣգ֮䣬Ѿ֮С
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ոյˮ֮ǸùŷеϤϢ˳֮С
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ŷĿ΢΢һ˲תٳɣתųûȥ
ŷһ³ʮӵʱ䣬ңŹŷ粻³ˮе¶ȣҲڲϵ½ţ˴ʱǹŷתǸо̹ǣȻǿֲĵ£ѾǲԵֿ
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ŷ΢΢һ㶣ڵıʣȻӲĸӦոյ춯ȻǸոձõĻ֮Դ
ڴ֮ʣ֮ԴһΣǣʱ򣬻֮ԴȻ˱ơ
ĪǣǱԴ֮
ŷжȻһ̲סһͷ


248 ݹǣˮ֮Դ
뵽ܣŷУҲǶȻһ˵ڣֻһԴ֮ڣΪ澭Եʣȴɺܶ
ھܹɶٵŷԼҲٲӦ
һ˿ɫŷȻٶȵת·Ǳȥ
ѾԪת̫֮ˣܹٶȵõһˮ֮Դ̼ͻƣʱ˵ĵǱҲ˲ֲ
Ҫ֪Ǳ֮˾޴󣬺ڵԴ֮Ѳ˹ϵ֮Դÿһˣ֮Դ޸ǿ
ǡ
ٴǱʮ֮󣬹ŷ۾̲ס΢΢һУǰһĴڣҺֵǣǶڴûʲôصĵطȴûˮܹӿȥͬǶһ㿴Ķˮ档
һ˿֮ɫ󣬹ŷһ˿䱸̤Ƕ֮С
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ǹŷ̤֮һ˲ĸоŷû뵽ڱĶڣȻһָůĸо̲ס档
֮һͨͨһԿʯңʯ֮У̾һݹǣεĿݹǣ
֣õùŷУ̲סһ˿䱸֪˲õùŷǣûзʲôΣյĴڡ
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ŷУ̲סһͷͬĵ˵ͷһһ˹ȥ
ſǿݹǣŷ̲סķһףз⣬Ķǿݹǰĵ棬һС֡
ǧˮ۱ԴһԴء
Ե֮ˣȡԴ
ȻǱԴңӦˮ֮Դ
ŷжȻһ̲סһ˿ϲɫֻõùŷɻǣСƺˮ֮Դˮ۶ɣǣԴ֮
˰죬ŷҲûܹףЦҡҡͷЩ˽̫٣ڵܹ֪ˮ֮Դ
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ŷܹ϶ǿݹڵ֣Ӧöģ٣ǳˮ֮Դ
ǹĶԿݹǾһ󣬹ŷɽ֮һӣǿݹǣһĹת뿪
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ǳ֮еˮȫҵڣ۳һˮ֮Դ
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һ˿ԾԾԣŷ̲סĵͺһʱ䣬Ļ£ˮ֮ԴΪģɫС֮Уû˿Դ֮ļӡ


249 ʵǣͼ
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ŹԹԵĽɫС֮еˮ֮ԴŷУҲ̲סһ˿ϲɫˮ֮ԴָӣǶ˵ǲɶõһơ
ϾȻ֮ǰھѾԴ֮κһָӣ֮Դãپȹü
ǻ֮ԴȴǴĺܣôͨûһδңһʱ䣬ϵı
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ȻڹŷЩͷʱһɻ糱ˮһʱӿľ鵽֮С
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ΪһΣˮ֮ԴôӦòַˣҲùŷеźû뵽ˮ֮Դô죬Ϳʼˡ
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ꡭ
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ԼСʱ֮󣬹ŷ籩ǵʵŻͣ˴ʱȻѾǵԪת۷֮Ԫתֻһ֮ң
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֮󣬹ŷУҲһ˿Ȼ֮ɫͬʱжڱԴ֮ҲԽĿ
ΪֻҪܹõıԴ֮Խ࣬ôǱҲԽôԺ֮;ҲߵԽԶ
ңһˮ֮ԴɫСŷ緢֣ƺܹɼԴ֮ڵûеޣ˵澭ûеޡ
˵ħѾͬʱӵ˰˵Դ֮ңѾӵֻҪѰұͬ˰˵Դ֮
뵽ŷ΢΢ʱ򣬼ұǵʵ㲻ħҲԿһֻ
ܹӵжԴ֮ž澭ǣħôͬʱ˵Դ֮ģ
˵Դ֮һ£֪жôֲˣһƿزã屩Ǿħӵпٵ֮Ҳض
Īǡ
뵽ŷȻһ£ԺУȴǺȻˣ澭ǲȱ֡
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뵽ŷ羹Ȼһǳ󵨵Ĳ²⣡
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Ȼʱһ͵ĺУȻ쳹𣬶һ޴ӰǳŹŷ˶ȥһɴ̱ǵȷ磬˹ŷĶ֮С

ŷ˲侪ѣ۾΢΢һУ̲סı󣬹ŷһһ⣬Ӿ֮б£ǺӰӶȥ
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һ죬һѪߣǾ޴ĺӰһΪǱŷһɱ
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ԭһ
ŷЦһһΪϤϢϣŷѾµղһ·ģӦñһˡ
ʱ䲻أҲûȥˣ
˿ڵҹɫŷһЦתϾʱ䣬ѾǲˣҳʱûкͳǴкһԷҲ϶Ҫżˡ
ףʲô
Ȼڹŷת˲䣬۽⣬ȴǺȻƳһɫĲ
һ˿ŵ⣬ŷ绹ĺпܣֱӺԣʱȻѾ֣ȻҪһ
ңǲǸһĸУҪôǶԷո̽ȥãҪôǲͬѰ
дһ˿棬ŷ߹ȥὫУֻǣõùŷǣǲȻĸУȴ˿ûմȾ϶Էڵ
ֻǲֻһߴСŹתȾùŷ簵棬ûмôصĲ
˵Ⲽ档
ս
ŷ罫п˿ɫ֣ǰƺӦֲŶԣǣȻǰǿ鲼ڡ
ͼ
湴յĻƣȻֻһ룬ŷܹ֪Ⲽƺһŵͼһǲȱĵͼ
ֻͼֻһ룬ŷҲ֪ͼģʲôط
뵽ŷҡͷһЦ󽫲û˿ͣģʱķ򼲳۶ȥգ֮䣬ʧããҹɫ֮С
һ˳ŷνǲУһֱûͻƵʵͻƣһһõһԴ֮
ңԴ֮ŷ绹ָӣ֮ϲ

Ȼڹŷ뿪Ǹɿݵĳ֮󲻾ãһЦ֮ȴǺȻ˳һźӰӶ˹ŷովĵط
ˮϹ֣Ҳ뵽ɣñԴ֮ѹǧ꣬ûıԴ֮һСȥҲûܹѹҵĶ
źӰſЦĿ⣬ɺĹһ㣬ֱһаϢ˲ǧס
ǹŷڴεĻһܹоźӰҲһħңһħҪǿаħ
ħȻǳײˮ֮Դѹţ
ĵطǱˣأǼһҲ׼ˣħһ壬ϱҪٴν˼䣬һΣħһ壬ƿ˼ľûᣡ
ſħ֮дݶаϢԽʢħһ󷭹գ֮䣬Ѿʧ
ħȻˣǣһȴԭأ
սǣҲùλˣ
ս
Ȼħʧ֮󲻾ãԭأһӰȻ̲סһ΢΢̧ͷ¶һŸգŷ磡
ȥˣǹŷ硣


250 ĵս
ŷ磬ˣ
۽յ˫ۣȻźȻֵĹŷ磬һЦüͷ̲ס΢΢һЦףͻˣ
˵ţһ˿죬εĶŹŷ硣
һԣƶҲ˫ۣһ˿ɻĹâ۵ȴһ˿ϲɫֻҪŷܹͻƣҲͷˡ
ϾŷЩı仯Ҳֻͻ飬İæҲ
ţһЩ
ŷ΢΢˵ͷҲûԼǳ֮еļͳ۶ϸϸ˵һ顣
ŹŷĽۺͻƶУҲһ˿ĹâȻû뵽ŷҹȥһˣȻôĺô
˵ҲûֻۣԵΪŷ磬еġ
˵ı飬ŷҲһ˿ůųʵ´磬ս
ս
һУȴǰ棬սһܴأǲżȻҲֻ֪ŷ֪أ
Īǡ
뵽һܣЦսǧ֮ʣǿߺħһսĳУǰڴˣͬǣҲħ֣ɥ˴
˵΢΢һ٣ŵҪǣս֮Уѹħǿߣ
ħǿߵĿֲҲ֪ǣܹѹǧԣսһֱĽɣ֪ħǺٷ֣
ԭ˶أ
ŷаһеĹâȴԽ˼֣սѹħĸڴˣأеıأźܶˡ
ڱأŷ粢ںںģǱԴ֮
Щ죬źͳ۵ĽӴŷ֮ͨǸȼҲһ˽⣬ĵȼֻ֮ͬͨһȼ
ΪֻҪһ̤ǸȼѾ۷ˣĸܣǱܹӵ
ɲҪΪͨǿ߾һ֮ͨǿеĲ࣬еĵȼҪ޴
һЩͨǿߣͨǿǰͺС죬ֱĨɱ
֮ͨҪʵǱǿ
е֮ϣֻҪһ˿ʮûиͨǿߣһ֮С
֮ӵŻ֮ɽ֮ܣ
ֻأҪ򣬳Ҫǿ֮⣬ҪĻԵԣһٸ֮ͨǿߣܹһǾͲˡ
Ȼˣһǿ֮ͨǿߵܣǱȸҪǱǱԴ֮
Դ֮ǳĴڣǻһʵȻŷ츲صı仯΢һЩͨǿߣ֡
ֻԴ֮ϡ٣ֻ֣ÿһ֣Ҳֻߵɢ˼ҪѰͨǿߵı£졣
ŷ磬һССԪת֮ߣܹӵò˵ңǱһЩ֮ͨǿ֪Ƭ̱ɥ
˹ŷ磬ΪʲôȻսأ
۵ŷ˼ʵŷҡͷһЦΪҵõ˰սĲͼ
ʲô
λȻվ˫ֱĶŹŷ磬սֻҪ֪ˣûһȥģֻΪǰ֮أı
ǣû֪սʲôطŷ羹Ȼ˵õ˰ͼôܲóأ

֮󣬼ŷͷۻ˿漴ƺʶԼʧ̬ЦһٶԭأЦŷ磬ͼ̫ҪǧҪϢй¶ȥĻǣֹ׷ɱ֮С
š
µӣŷҲĵ˵ͷó˵ŷҲὫսĲͼй¶ȥͼҪԣ᲻֪
ǳΪεˣҲ˵
ǽô죿
ۣĿֱĶŹŷ磬ͫһ˿ڴ
ˣŷҲüаһǵ͹˲ͼû뵽´磬Ϊ⶯
뵽ŷһѣЦĵս
ĵս
Ϊ֣ȴõó۵Ժһ죬۾֮УȻһ˿˿ȻԽԽǿ貶Ŀ
ãĵս
صĵ˵ͷȻ֮УսҲǳ޵֮ɫȻĻԳһĮֱ̬顣
󣬳ۼ飬侲̲סĳʵŷ磬㲻˵ֻսĲͼ˵ĻǾƾŲͼ»Ҳսɣ

ŷ΢΢˵ͷ˵ȻֻаŲͼȴҵһķλʱѰң˵ãҵ
šͬĵ˵ͷ󣬹ŷóǿɫĲʼͳۣ
һֱûĻƶǼĿϢȤȱȱȻνսȤ
Ҳѹ֣ƶΪϹŻ֮еһԱַӡһ˿ֲȻǲҪԴԴԴϵʵ
ֻҪԹŷаŷһˣأ
⣬ǻƶΪʵ뷨
һҹһҹʱ䣬ڳۺ͹ŷ֮жȹڶɫ΢΢֮ʣͣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һҹ֮УΣ˻ͳһͼ֮ϵĵط
ݣϻɽ
ͼ֮ĵطݣϻɽ
ϻɽݱԵ֮أϴ½˳ŷ·
ԣɫһ˱û˿ɵģٶȸ·Ŀĵؽ
һΣˣǴߣͭߣ䣬һ˿ζ
ƳǣݾڣȽϳһǣΪƳǷ٣ΪƳ֮УŻڵһֲרŸռǱĵӡ
飬˷ܣΪʵٶ˾޴ԪתͻƵԪתһΪ˵磬ѾǶȽٳɹ˳ĵ˻ڵ
ҲζţڻڵĵλҲˮǴߡ
ͬʱҲһλȥ֮󣬱磬һЩĸ֣ȥ׷ɱۣڳۣǺ޵ֹΪ׷ɱ켸ҹΪ۵׷ɱõ޴档
Уŷ磡
ᵽŷ磬Уɱ磬һһֱĹŷ磬Ĵεģõ棬Щɥ
˵жڹŷ⣬ۣҪŨ࣬Ϊûйŷ磬ô׷ɱ
ԣһУŷ磬ס
ŷ磬һڣΪʲôң
ȭͷݺݵһգ񱩵ֱը죬ֲߵΣǸ˲顣
ɴҲԿڹŷ磬ŶôļǺˡ
Ȼ֪ǣڵУǺ޵ˣʱȻڣңΪеƷŲ裬˵Ц
֪֪᲻ᱻ
ŷ磬ֻҪƳǣҾѾǳ˻ݵģ;پУܹ뿪ݵķΧʱҲͲŻˣ
֮У˾ţˣţһŮǴͭߣ屾Ŀ˵̸У֪ܵˣȻǹŷˡ


251 ż
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ų۵ĻŷҲ˵ͷ⼸ҲʵĵȻǲ»ڵ׷ɱǣڻڵķΧ֮ڣǲҺͻͻȻĻˣֲ˺ô
Ǽ򵥵ĳһ㶫·ɣվЩ̤ʵ
š
ŷ˵꣬ۺͻƶͬĵ˵ͷ˱ǵһʳʼĬĳ
ʱ䣬˳Ĭ֮£ţȻ˳Եһʱ֮УȻ䴫һ֮
쿴죬ˣ
һǺôͷÿһγţǴһǿػЩǿߣÿһ֮ʵɣǿֲ
ٺ٣ͷ󣿡
һƺЩмЦҿ±׷ɱÿγţôˣȻĻٱ׷ɱĻܲˣ
ꡭ
Աߵˣæ˵Ͷϣһ˿֮ɫͺȵˣǶ
ߣҲʵʵ˵ѣ
˺ߺһȴټ˵ȥˣ֪ΪһͬĻš
ԣȻܶˣж첻мģǣһĶֵأû˸ҵ죬Ͼڵŭ𣬿ɲ˭ܹܵġ
죿
ڳԷĹŷˣȺ֮е̸ۣķеĿӣһ˿ĹâȻЩ֡
ĪǣڵˣѾǣ
뵽ܣŷһ˵Ļˣ¾Σˡ
ͬʱҡҡͷܣǻڵ˷ǣͲܻˣϾôǿݣû¹ŷˣοء
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ÿÿ
ʱԵĺŷ缸˵ߣɹļ˱ǼӰֱײ˲֮Уһ˸ܣ
ǾһˣȻ졣
죬ŷһ֮УҲһ˿âһ˿ɱӿ֣˿ɱֻһţ˲䣬ʧĸɸɾ
ţ
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ˡ
ˣŷвһղţҲֻһСģԺܼʱɱ⣬û뵽ˣǱԷˡ
η󱲣ͷ¶βĿʾˣ
ߣŷϵߣҲ΢΢һ㶣бһ⣬ȵ
Ⱥߵĺ֮ʣҲǷ׷׽Ŀ⣬˹ŷ˵ϣһ˿ֻ֮ɫ
ٺ٣£кϷˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣȻ˻֮˵⣬£Ҫùˣ
Ҳûа취ڵˣһԵˣҪֻ֣ܹ˵ùɣ
ȺۣŷǣȴǻһĨĻȣߵߣϼһ÷ŸɾһЩȻɱ֮
ŷĻ٬µ˲䣬õݣ΢΢һ
Ȼŷ粻ԸʱͻڵͻȻԷˣŷҲ£ң⼸˵ʵסŷˡ
С
ŷĻո£õɫеɱ⣬εıӿڻݣǵһ֮˵ˡ
༸λߺ죬ҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣǼλߣֻǶŹŷŭĿӣϣȴ̲סһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
Ϊӹŷϣܵһ˿ϤϢǣΪʲôϤҲ֪Ҳ벻
ǹһĨζĻȣ첢δֹߣҪԷ˭Ҳڷ
Ҳֲϼһ˵
ŷƽûΪ߷ŭ˿ıɫƺͬ˵ǰ㣬ûн߷
ŷĻȻõаˬǺܶˣ̲סҡҡͷŷסڻڵĵ̣ͻͻʵ̫ˡ
֪С
Ȼŷ绰µ˲䣬߱ǱһѾ˹ŷǰû˿ģһĳŹŷԺŭĶȥ

һȣȻ쳹˱Ǽһһֱû˵꣬ʱȻ֣ͬһƣӭȥ
顭
һ죬õһͻ˵ͫ׶Ȼֻڵߣһ֮£ȻɶֱǺ˲¥ǽڣݺݵ˵ϣѪ
˻ÿµ꣡
˷׷׵һУŨŨ֮ɫߣղȻûóȫô˵Ҳһλ֮ǿߣڶԷУȻֱǱ˳ȥҿӣ˲ơ
꣬źεʵѷ飿Ǹ
ֻǣߣǰΪδδ˵
۾΢΢һУ֮ͫУһ˿֮ɫ󣬻ߵۣû뵽㾹Ȼһڵĵ̣
ۣǸ׷ɱʮʮҹĳۣڵţ
һ̣Ⱥƽˣû뵽ʵֲ꣬Ȼǳۣ͹ֲˣƺҲֻжԷֲʵˡ
Ǻǣ죬û뵽㻹Բģ֪Ŀ
ۻû˵ŷѾǻ˳õǶȻһһ˿
Բģ֪Ŀ
˻꣬컹񣡶Է˭
ŷ磿
۾ݺݵһ˿̹ǵĺ⣬ĴЦŷ簡ŷ磬·㲻ߣͶȻˣǽ죬Ͷ°ɣ
Ǻǣ죬Ȼ֪ΪƾǼܹ𣿡
ƾǼܹ
ÿ갡ŷ磿˭
ȺУǷ̫İˣȻûаӡ󣬲ܹ˿ĺ˵أԷӦò֮Ŷԡ
ɫ֮࣬ɱ⣬ЦߣȻˣǽ죬Ҳͱˣ
λϣɱǣ
һӣȴǻ˺󣬲һ˫ȴһֱݺݵضŹŷ磬֮Уŷĺ֮Իн죬ȫǰݹŷͣԣŷ磬
ߣԭǱǻ׷ɱǱӴܵĳۣٺ٣Ǻ˰ۣȻƳǣ֪
һ΢΢һųЦһȴδ̶֣ΪովѾǷźţȴŵԮ
ٺ٣׷ɱǱӴܣ
һΣǹŷЦôûпǱӴأôǿڵķһأ
ڴ֮лصһһõг죬õûڵļɫѿ

ŷ裬Щƽʱ߸ϵĳϣܹܣߣͬʱһ˳ų۶ȥһˣŹŷȥ
ŷ磬˻˽⣬ǣ쳣ϤŷȻõԹοСĺϣû˿
ȻǶԸ˳ۣǶԸŷ磬ǿԵġ

˱ȣͬʱ쳹𣬶ߣ˲˼Ŀ⣬ͬʱ˳ȥ֮ǰһصĵطϢңȻ˲ơ
ţ
۾΢΢һУĿ⣬ŻƶȥΪոգǻƶ֣һߣ˳ȥ


252 ʥ֮
ˣǿʵ˳֮⣬Ҳ򵥣ֻǰûҲ֪Ǻηʥ
ͻģɲ֮٣ɲҪˣƳǣһλʥǿôĶԷ֪ܲ
ǰ¿кϷˣ
Χ֮ˣԽԽ࣬Ͼ˽п֮ģңǺͻڵĶԿ
ڣΪƷţ˵ƳǣݣǾһĴڣƽʱ˸ǣ
ǾǼ˿ӵˣ֣ȻҪúÿ
ʥǿߣ
ɶϵˣȺ֮е̸ۣüͷ΢΢һ壬ʥǿߣŷȻûмҲܹĵԷźεˣǰǿߣܹԸ˵ã
뵽ŷųۺͻƶһͷ˵ߣ
˵ţͬʱȥ
ߣλһ֮ˣһ֮𣿡
Ȼʱһ֮Զݶף˶ը죬Ҳ˹ŷ˶С
ˡ
ŷһۣüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻδˣǴӶԷһ֮УܹܵĵԷĿֲ
͡
ʱһѵ˶߻죬˱ǼһӰԶ̤նԷ죬ȴһɣһ뻹Զߣһ룬Ѿǰ󣬽Ŀ˹ŷϣϲϲ˿ı顣
˻ǻʥˣȻ
û뵽ˣȻʥ˶ˣ
һ£Ǻߵˣʥ֮춯أ
Ⱥ֮УٿնӰʱʱһ̲סľĿ֮Уһ˿ȻҲһ˿ηǶǿߵľη
壬Угۺ͹ŷ磬֣ǻɱ
ʱſŻʥڴˣŷҲȻһ뵽ԼĳϾϴȥֻĻ̹ƣˡ
ۣŷ磿
ĻǻʥҲ΢΢һüͳ۹ŷ˵ĶԹʥ˻֪һЩֻõû뵽ǣ˵ĵӣƺҲ̫һЩɣ
֪׷ɱǣȻҹĪǣǾͲ»ڵǿ
壬㻹֣ƺЩȲˣŰ֮ϵĻʥһ

Ϊŵĺŷȴ̲סĵͺһʥˣʥ֮ǿߣͨ쳹أ֮ͨµǿߣȻڻڵĵλͣʵҲҺͻʥ˵
ȻŷĻո£Ǽʥ˵ɫȻһߵôòܣ
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һͣû뵽ʥ˾Ȼô棬˺˵Ҳ̫ˣֻûոյΪֺγʥӣ
۾΢΢һУߵɲҪˣҸڻڵĵλ
٬񣬳в֮⣬¶࣬õùŷЦ
ÿһλߣԼϣοʥʥ֮ǿߣȻҪάԼϣ˷вõûʥ²̨
ֻǣһλǿߣôǰᱻһССԪ֮סݣڻڵλͣɱϾûгɳʵΪϣǿģԶֻʵ
ʥɫһǿϢڶõƲʹֽ֮ơ
Ȼʥ˷ŭˡ
ôԼڣ㣬ʧ
˵ţʥһ㣬һǼ󽫺޷֮˲֪ٵĵط
ʥ֮𣿹Ȼֲ
ŷ۾΢΢УǰûнӴǿߣ˾ͽʵƺ磬ʥǿߣֲ̫Ѿǳķ롣
һ㣬ϣԿóʥ˼ǳʥˣʥˣȻܹȽϵģɼʥǿߵĿֲˡ
´磬ƶǲҪսһ뿪ʥǿߣܹԸģ
˵ţŷ绹ԻƶգգۣڻƶʵŷȻ֪ȻƶǶǹһȭܽԷǣ֮󣬻ƶҲȻˣⲻǹŷԸ⿴ġ
ԣܹƽ뿪ΪҪġ
ڹŷʱ򣬻ʥˣҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣ֮Уһ˿ɫʡ
˵ڳۺ͹ŷ磬ʥ˵ЩˣȻŷʵҪ΢һЩǱ죬ȴǿ̫ˣԻܹģֻϧԷͻڣг
г𣬾Ϊ򵥵֣õǣûлĿܡ
뵽ʥҲ΢΢̾˿Ŀ⽥ת䣬ȵˣһ֮ˣĿһУһ𣿡
ʥˣҪˣ
Żʥ˵ĻȺ֮У΢΢һ󣬽Ŀˢˢ˹ŷϣһ˿ĹâǵҪŷˣλش
ŷ촽΢΢һ򣬻£ɢһζǹһĨÿĻȣЦ֮ˣĪǶߵǷ𣿡
֮ˣĪǣߵǷ
ŷ缥ڽڿռ֮лصõȺ΢΢ɫõûʥˣɫŷ磬ڵ˵棬ʥˣ
ߡ
һȣȻʥ˵Ŀ⣬Ľһ㣬ɨӶȥõнһͷ亹ֱ
󣬻ʥ˲мһЦĿ⣬˹ŷϣ񱩵ƣһɽһ㣬Źŷѹȶȥ
顭顭
ʱƵ죬Ȼݶֻ۵壬ͻƶ壬Ȼǰ̤һ˹ŷǰӿ֮䣬ֵŻʥ˵ѹȡ
ٺ٣ʥ˵Ǻô磡
ŷ缥ڽٶȴݶõнһ
õ
˵У̲סĵͺһаΪŷȲһŷľٶõˣǺȲһŷ顣
ʥǿߣݵõ

ʥɫˮһȣŹŹŷϮõô˱ɫ
ʥ֮Ȼ£
ŷٶһʥ˵ʵֲ֮ҪԤϣ
´磬ƶߣ
𾪻ʥ˵ʵ֮࣬ŷҲ˲˾Żƶͳ۱һһתն𣬳ԶӶȥ
ߡ
ƶͳҲȻתŹŷ׷ȥգ֮䣬˱ʧ֮ϣٶ֮죬զࡣ
Ǹһֱ˵꣬ʵҲأ
ٶȼĹŷ磬˵ͷҲ̲ס뵽ǱΪŷʵ̫ߣǴʱŷٶȣʱףЩСˡ
ߣߣߵ𣿡
ʥЦһЦڻصΣѾǻһ⣬֮һ泤һǧɣգ֮䣬ͳŹŷ׷ȥ
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254 ɱʥ
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ҪϢţȱʣѾǳԤڡ

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Ҫһ̣ŷԴȻֱֱעŻʥˣĿ֮Уƽû˿ĲϣȴһĨ̵Ļȣõûʥ˵УȻӿһǿҵĲо
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ٺ٣ǰʦֲ˵ǻûʲôʦһ˵ǵҲЩأһǵõôȥͿԳӵζˣǿʦרأ
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˵һЦùŷ˵ĶԻһڴʲôţͽܾȻʦŮˡ


256 ɱ
Ƶɽ֮УһˣϴƺѰʲôϸϸȴ־òΪˣǱ˫ۣҴܣû˿Ĺɿԡ

֮һӰ΢΢˿һ˿εɫ̾أȻûҵսɲң
Ӱ΢΢̧ͷ¶һϤףϸһȻǹŷ硣
ʱŷ⴦ɽѾȥʱ䣬ʱ䵱УŷͳˣûһͣЪһֱѰս
Ȼ˴ʱû˿ջ񣬱˵սˣһЩսûҵ
ৡৡ
ʱӰȻ˹ŷǰϣǹһ˿εɫͬʱεҡҡͷ
Ҫҵսһ֮ˣϢ°ɣ㾫֮ѰҲ٣
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷ΢΢˿ųۺͻƶ˵
ţҲã
ͬĵ˵ͷʱҲǸоΪƣȻʵĵľҲǲ١
̸䣬˻һ⣬Զ۶ȥƬ֮䣬ûӰۺͻƶ˭ûз֣ڹŷ뿪˲䣬˫ۣĳĳһۣУһ˿Ĺâ
ৡ
ڹŷߺ󲻾ãԭأ˼Ʒ֮ӰԭأˣӰȻһ·׷ٹŷˡ
ߣǷ죬ȻûҵǻЩãͽɱˣ
һ۹ŷ뿪ķС꣬һĨмĻȣЩߵ
ǺǣʦĪҵսǵڣ
λΪʦֵ꣬һЦͬǹһĨĻȣâӶõÿ¶ȣǽࡣ
Ȼڹŷôʱ仹ûҵսǳĲ
𣿡
ȻʱһϷʵЦȻ쳹õ˵Ŀ⣬һ뿴Զֻ⸡֮䣬ӰһŮλǰȻȥĹŷˡ
ǣ
źȻֵĹŷˣʦֵ۾΢΢һУͫУһ⣬佫Ŀڻƶϵʱ򣬱һ˿ޡ
֮ǰȻѾע⵽˻ƶȴһֱûлۣʱһԷ˿ʦŵЩɫŮ
ߣɱǣ
ŷͬһ⣬ϣȴ¶һ˿õЦݣڵҿˣһ·׷ٵˣȻ죬ֱ뿪ǲų
ŷƽģںʶ˵һ㣬һ˲ŷɫȻת䣬ЦȻɱǣǽ죬һ˽ɣ
ˣŷУҲɱŨңһϹŷʱʵŷѾǲˣǸʱ򣬹ŷΪ˲ݾߣûжˡ
˾մմϲΪ֪ȴ룬Ѿŷ֪ˣŷĸ֪Ҫ֮ͨǿ󣬶ˣָĺܽ벻֣Ѷȡ
ٺ٣СӣȻżֱ£
λ꣬ʦΪףֻʦЦһ󣬲мĵǵȷǴɱǡ
ʦֲûκεֱԶΣ
˵ֱ꣬ĶŹŷˣǲмɫУŷˣֻϰĴڣֱɱ

ŷһѣ¶һĨĻȣЦȻˣұǿҾô
䡭
˵ţһҵƣԹŷڱӿ˸˲ֶڹŷ֮󣬳ۺͻƶҲͬʱǰ̤һţϡ
ƶȻϹŻ֮ǻεʱѷ֮ŷ磬Ҫ߳١
ٺ٣֪ϣĪǣΪƾʵܹǶԿ˰ɣʦֲмЦһԵλ꣬ͬЦһϣŨŨĲм֮ɫ
ɱɱɱ
һ̣ʦ͵ǰ̤һһţɱ羪ף֮죬񱩵˲ڣӿ
ʦֵĶ֮λͬǲ󣬻ƣȻǣŹŷ˵ϣѹ˹ȥ
λ飿
ŷ۾΢΢һУ˵ʵȻȫǿߣֲãţſڱտڣҪɱ
Ҳòùŷ̾ݣǴ½룬ǿǷϴ½Թŷ˴ʱʵѾһĶǿߡ
ǷŵһЩˣðˣ֮ʵң;ȻҲᣬǣҲ˶١
ֻƾʵҪŷɱƺɣ
ɱɱɱ
ŷоⱬһɱ⣬ȻŲǰһ̤˲һȥ
ŷȻֻԪתʵǼһЩֶΣǿߣҲֲôңҪǣŷɱһλʥǿߡ
ս֪Ļֻˣ̼ͷܣ˿ķˡ
ŷսֲۺͻƶҲ˿
Ҫ֪Ԫת֮ʱ򣬱һ֮Ӳλǿߣһλ֮
۶Ƚֱ֮磬ֱ֮սͱǣѰǿߣͲһ֮
ڻƶȻûн⿪ǹɿֲķӡǶԸ֮ҲӦԣΪƶʱ򣬾ħǱӶݣҪ֪ħǿ֮ǿߣɴҲԿƶĿֲˡ

ŷһʱõöԷŭһλС꣬Źŷӭȥһӣʵû˿ģкŹŷ˹ȥ
֪ļһССԪ֮Ҳ˲񣬽գ㽫ڴˣ
һЦһ˿ɱɣֱƻӶŭĶ
ٺ٣ɱңֻ㻹ûǸ£
ŷЦһβ˷ͬһƿĶƣӭȥ
¡¡
˵ʵֲһƶɽײʱ䣬˳Ƶ죬һȦͬʱˡ
һǿս
аΪŷʵе̾Ϊɱŷ磬׾٣û뵽ŷһƣ˿·硣
ɱ
ȻʱһȴһͽȻ翪һ㣬Ȼиȥ

ŭʱܹ˵裬ӿ𣬻֮䣬һ޴ƳͣǵץȡҪ󱬶
͡
Ȼһ̣Ǿķ֣۵ƣֱǱնһ˿һû赲ס
󣬽նȥͷնΪΡ
߾Сӣݵò񣬸ƣƣơ
Ŀѣ񱬺ȣһ߱ԣϵĳǵȥƵײ֮ϵ쳹

ȻʱԶٶһȴ֪ǹŷ緢Ǻ͹ŷһ귢ġ
䡭
ǸоһضɽҡһӰȥӰһֱηʦ֡
˻
ⷬ龰ʱһû뵽Ȼʦ֣ǶԷĶ֣ô죬Ͱ


257 ǿ
ߣս֮ʱȻҷ񣿡
ŷЦõʱһǼŷ粻֪ʱѾǰߣëܿüΪ
ֹ
ŷ޸³ۣȻ͸оԼ壬Ѿ޷ˣ޷
Ҫ֪ŷһУʥ˶ãʵʥˣ֪Ҫ˶٣Ȼ޷ѡ
ңŷҪģֻһɲǣ㹻
ɱ
һȣõͫףȻһֻ̣ģһĪΣգͷơ
͡
Ѫ󣬹ŷ絭Įתת˲䣬һӰȻأȻǸꡣ
һλ֮ǿߣȻڹŷԪתУ˲䱻ɱǹŷʵ̫ǿΪԴֲ̫֮

Ҳٹŷת˲䣬һҽУͬʱ𣬹ŷ΢΢תͷǼλͳս꣬һȭ䱬ͷ­
ЩѪȵĻ棬ȴõĹŷüͷûһ£Ϊֳ棬ѾǼ̫̫ˡ

ʱһȴ󣬿ռ¶Ȼߣλͻƶսֱ꣬Ǳ֣ճޡ
߰ɣ
һڵϵʬ壬ŷ絭Įҡҡͷкһۺͻƶͬʱգ֮䣬Ѿʧˡ
ڹŷߺ󲻾ãһӰǼٴܶʬȥֶʳ֮Ȼһͷͷ׺ݵħޡ
£λҲĿˣ֮ӣ˱ħ޷ʳһǱճޡ
䣬ʱţգ֮䣬ʮʱ䣬ٶš
һ޴ʯԵüΪͻأǣû߽۲ĻֲᷢʲôԵüΪ֡
ף
ʱŷվʯԱߣ̲סķһףΪڸղţѾǲһ˿ħϢһ·׷٣ǵʯԱߵʱħϢȴǺȻжˣ񣬱˸նһ㡣
ʯйŹ֣
ŷΧʯתȦ̲סĵһʯƬ֮󣬾ŷþȫûõʯƶֺ
Ȼ֣ȴõùŷǰһһ˿˷ܵĹâʯƺսսһ˿˵ãʯ棬սڡ
´磬ƶ
ŷ췢һХˣԶݶȥգ֮䣬ǼӰٵĳӶһ˿֮ɫõУ̲ס΢΢һů
ĹԼѣŷãԼˡ
ŷ磬ʲô飿
ת˲֮䣬ۺͻƶ˹ŷǰѸǰ̤һЩеʵһ˫ڹŷһɨӡ
Ǻǣƺһ˿ŷһЦ󻺻˵
Ŷ
ۺͻƶнһĿ⣬˹ŷϣһ˿ϲɫѾǽµʱ䡣
˲ͣѰңѾһ˿ĸоǻû˿治֪ˣֶܼá
ʱŷȻѾҵһ˿أսڣԶˣһˣƺûа
ۺͻƶĿ⣬ŷ΢΢һЦҲ˵θڣһָָǰʯЦʯϣҸոһ£ôȫȻ޷ƶʯֺȻ棬ֽţ
Ŷ㶼޷ƶ˿
ҲЩˣԹŷʵ˵һʯһСɽҲܸƵȴȻ޷ƶʯ
΢΢һ£󣬳۱ߵʯԱߣ͹ŷһʯ֮ϣʼ
ֻʱƣ۵ϱͨ죬ʯûƶֺ
߾
Ȼ䣬۴һ񱩵ʼӿȫ۵֮ϣˣʯû˿Ķ
ŷ磬ƶһ֣һ֮
۵Уһ˿аɫ󣬶Ĺŷͻƶһ
ã𡭡
ŷͻƶһۣͬʱʯԱߣƣʯ֮ϣʼһΣŷͻƶû˿ıȫʯ֮ϡ
¡¡
ʱ䣬һضɽҡһֱû˿ʯʱ˺֮£һ˿
µڲһѷ죬ʼӶ֩һ㣬ɢգ֮䣬Ѿ˼ʮ׵ľ롣

ʱŷһۣͬʱһȫʯ֮ϣõʯһ
䡭
ʱ䣬ʯһ죬һһ׷Բڶڣ˹ŷǰһɱ
ǡ
ŷһۣ󼸺ͬʱȵսڣ
뵽ܣϽ¶һ˿Ц⣬΢΢ЩΪս˲Զﱼ;Уĥѣǿྡˡ
СһЩǽȥ
ŷųۺͻƶһת壬һԾǶڴ˽ȥڹŷ֮󣬳ۺͻƶҲ˶֮С
¡¡
˽ȥ֮󲻾ãʯٶȺһصԭأǶڣѹ£ңΪصǣԭأһѷ죬ʱȻǲϵϣգ֮䣬Ѿȫָ֮ǰģͿ
ǹŷ˼ⷬ龰һ˲סġ
ףս˽ȥһ죬̫ˣ
һƬңԶǿ֮УһλüߣĿͶݶ£˸ܹ͸޾ǿһ㣬Ī⡣
û뵽ƶȻҲǸطϣܹջɣ
һɽ֮Уһλ۷ߣȻ˫ۣһ˿Ϣ
ʦʦ͹ŷ磬ȥʲôط
ڰ۷ߵߣһλŮŮʮ꣬ȴΪ鶯ǹŷٴεģ˳ŮȻҪΪӵ
ԵλߣȻǻƶʦλĪߡ
ǴȥΪսǻɱ䣬ǣһУһ֮߻˵
ʲôȻôΣգ
жʱӿһĨţһ˫С֣š
ߵĿһЦ֮ˣҪ˺ú£Ҫ˶ãҪˣ
ˣٴ˺úɣҲȥǼϼһˣ
˵꣬ҲȻƶ˵αֱʧ
ŷ磬һҪͣ°
ߺ󣬻ƶаΪŷһ󣬱ʧ˼ĴʱʵȻԪת֮
֮ǰδӴ꣬ѾԪתʵŷ磬Ҫ࣬ɴҲԿƶ츳жôˡ
嫵֮УλߣϥǰһĻɵӰ񣬶Ӱ֮Уһʯǹŷ֮ǰƶǿʯ
λսѾǧټ٣ǣʲô
֮ǰü߻ڣȴƮ޸ʱʱء
ٺ٣ʲôҪһħˣһΣҶҪնɱ˼䣬ƽħһ壡
һλŻ۵ߣʱ̲סĺЦһĿ֮УŹս⡣
ͷȻÿ˽һԴ֮ǣħҲǺǵģֻ£ԷҲŰ˵Դ֮Ǽ֣ҲһħĶ֡
˵ߣۣɫȣ˫֮Уȴ̺Ŷ֮⡣


258 ˣ֮
ߣħȻƿذ˵Դ֮ҲþܷȫңҵȲ꣬δؾͻαس־Լ磡
֮ǰ˵ߣЩһ
ˣλǧٽħ𲻿СλҲ֪ǣǸˣٵؼҪԤ֮еˣ
ʱƮ޸ٶȴ˳ˣȻߣһڣЩ֮ǰˣͶͣ
ĵ˵ͷֵλսǾһ𣬱ǧ֮£λ֪㶼ɢȥɣ
˵꣬߱Ǳ۾壬֮һ㣬Ī⣬༸λͷˣҲٶ˵ͨգ֮ȫȥ
ϣ㲻Ҫʧɣ
Ǽλͷȫ뿪֮ǱĿյͷĿȻٶ˿һ˿Ī֮⡣
İɣǸСһʧģ
ʱһЦ֮ݶһӰ֣ͬһͷǹŷڴ˵ĻһʶˣΪˣȻǰε˾ͽʵ
ԭˣû뵽һεǧ٣Ȼ㶼ˣ
˾ͽʵһЦǿһ˫ĿâĿ
Ǻǡ
˾ͽʵЦЦĿ䣬꣬ʦͨңÿ˴һԴ֮Ψңʦ֮ѰԤ֮ˡ
˵˾ͽʵ֮У͸һ˿֮ɫ󻺻ŵ꣬Ҳף˾Ŵǧ٣ˣ꣬ʦ֮ǰҵȣҵԤ֮ˣ򣬲ɲμǧ٣
Ԥ֮ѾǣҲԳɽˣΪܹħ𳹵ǳ˽꣬Ҳøһѵˣ
ڴˣ˾ͽʵĻ֮һᾪúϲ£죬ΪĻ⼸ˣȻ˽֮꣬ãǾôĴڣŲ
ˣˣҵȳﱸ꣬Ҳʱħһ峹׿չʱˡʱ򣬻Ǽǵʵʵģ
˵˵һٶȱ۾
˾ͽʵҡͷһЦλһ⣬ת˲֮䣬ѾûӰŷ˾ͽʵȻ˿ֲ
ȻˣһУŷ綼֪ʱս֮أ
ţޱߣ谵
ǹŷ̤ս֮ĸоʱǣѾ˼䣬һ㣬ܹ˵壬˵һ㣬ޱȡ
֨֨
ŷ˻Уÿһȥᷢ֨֨죬ǽݹǲݹǼ棬ʴ쳣ŷһȣɷĩ
һʱ䣬ռ䣬ǳһֲֿѹֵգһЩС֮ڴˣŷɣЩˣᱻ
͵졣
ŷ˶ǿߵߣ־ѼʯȻᱻѹ֣ӭϣϵس롣
һʱ䣬ڹŷ˲ϵǰ֮£ٵš
ƺԶһӣǹŷһ죬Ǻ˸սʱһʬǡ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷ΢΢壬Ųͣ£Źŷͣ壬ۺͻƶ壬ҲͬʱͣĿ⣬˹ŷϡ
ƺЩԣܾã˶ǣ
˿ŷҲûԼĸо˵һ£ˣҲԹŷû˿Ļɣĵؾ
ŷĸ֪ͿֲڸղţǷ֣ƺڿǣǣ֪Ȼ̽ȴʲôûз֡
ԽˣõùŷԽ裬ΪȻ޷ֶԷǱ˵ԷпܱǶҪ
Īǣս֮Убˣ
һʱ벻ףŷüͷ΢΢ԾһͷƬ֮ҡҡͷò̫ܡ
ѵħܳˣ
ų˵һ뷨ŷ絹Ǿãڶ룬ƺӵʵʣֻܱս֮еħǶȻǼΪֲģҪԸĻֻû˿ĵֿ֮
εҡҡͷö룬ˮڣˣƴһսߣξֻУ
ٶŲŷˣǰȥ
͡
ڹŷ˸ո֮߳һ͸Ӱǳ˹ŷ˸ոͣĵطĿ⿴ŷʱһ˿ѪĹâ
ǹŷ͸ӰĻһ̲סľΪ͸Ӱɾʵ塣
ֻǣܹþ۳״ǶھҪ󣬿ǼΪֲġ
һ۹ŷ˵ıӰ͸Ӱٶʧͬûгֹһ
ף
ʱŷ̲סķһףΪڸոգֱӵĸоңһɺ֣õùŷУһ˿ĸоƺıʲôˡ
ңȻ޷־ʲôڿأԷǼΪֲģԣΪ˰ȫǱ׼
´磬ƶСһЩƺʲôˣŷĶԳۺͻƶһˣǰȥУȴǰ
͡
Ȼʱһ죬ȻݶȻ΢ȴΪĴ˵Ķ֮УõĲȻһ٣ͬʱת
˭
ŷһȣȭͷȻ񱩵ɽһйݺݵسǰŭȥ
֨֨֨
һļݶ̶ڹŷ˵Ķ֮Уȴõ˵ɫȻһף֮ϣѪ͸
ŷ絹ЩۺͻƶɫɾҪҰ࣬ոĽͬ׶һ㣬ݺݵشǵԴ֮УͬҪ˺ѡ
ã깥
ŷͷһ̲סıһ깥ǲİո񣬹ŷܿ϶깥
Ҹոյ깥Ȼ׷ȴȺܣһĽõˡ
ʲôȻ깥
Źŷĺۺͻƶˣнһ˿֮ɫ깥ѾʧֶΣû뵽սһѣֻǴۣȴ㱻˺ѡ
깥̫ʹˡ
֨֨֨
֮УٶżһΣԲ깥ֻЩ̶ȴûõóۼˡ
۾΢΢һΪǰһӰӰϿԷƺһӣӰնȻûǣﲻ³ԣֻǲϵķ֨֨֨Ľ
ȻոչǵģӰ
ʲô
ŷ翴ǰӰһ˿ɻ֮ɫԷȲˣȴΣȴǴûм
飬֮顭
ŷ绰ո£ȴۣɫѿ³һõùŷͫףȻһ
飿飿
ŷֱ飬ţ˵Щǰ쳣ǿ֮ˣΪʣԹ޻ǾһЩִ겻ؾΡ
⣬ǱΪ顣
飬Ѿǲ߱ǿǰκμˣ֪ģֻɱ¾ңΪۣԣĹҲȫ깥˷ʤ
ңŷǻ˵һЩ飬Ѿ¾߱ǣ֮飬ֱΪ飬쳣Ѳ
ֻγΪĿ̣鲢ŷҲֻ˵һЩδû뵽սУȻҼһͷ


259 ö
֨֨֨
ڹŷĹ۲ǰ֮ʱԷҲٶȷ̶һ˿ɺĹâ
ãҪˣ
ı仯ŷУҲٶһæԵĳۺͻƶһĹŷıȣҲһæסγԶӴܶȥҪ˺ѵζǿɲһء
׷롭
ȻʱŷҲһһö۶ɵ֮Ժɳ˹ȥ
֨֨֨
ڹŷʩչ׷ʱǼ̶Ҳٶȴ˳õĹŷɫȻһףһġ
ڲԶͷԶӴܵĳۺͻƶҲȻһ٣壬ǾҵĲһ˿ľ֮ɫ
˻
֮󣬹ŷ绺ȫΪĻԷļҲһܹκεǸոգȻʩչ׷룬֮쳣飬޷ֵסԷ깥
һΣŷܵ˺֮ƶͳۣҪһ֡
֨֨֨
ڹŷ绺̧ͷʱҲٶȴ˳һΣŷܹоĳʹ
Ȼոһ׷룬ӦеЧ
ȻŹŷ̧ͷӰҲٶӳʱ飬ӰԽ˼֣ƺֻҪһϹι飬ͻᱻɢһ㡣
ȻŷҲ֪۶ɵģٴķ磬Ҳѽ鴵ɢǣ籩
õӰͣ˸ŷĿУƺҲһ˿־ζûǵȥ׵ĳ̶ȣˣǳƬ֮飬ٶŴ͡

ĶŷУʱ΢΢һһΣûмʩչ׷룬һԶ˳ȥ
׷ıֶΣĿǰľ磬ҲʩչΣιľ
սΪ죬飬˭֪ж٣ľһһ飬ɾûѹƵֶˡ
ԣ򲻵ѣŷ绹ǲԸӲӲģϾɱ飬ֵòʲôôװ˷
ֻ뷨õģʵǲпģŷѵ飬ͶԷӲӲ飬ƺԸʹ˷Źŷ硣
֨֨֨
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͡
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ŷĿһһ˿ϲɫ˿жѲվǵв׷롣
ŷҲǰңҿ鲻깥ֶΣ깥ҲֻΪԭʼģҲ׷ĻԶԷĻ̶ȣֻ¾ҲҪһЩˡ
ףǡ
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ŷоԼ֮ԽĻһЩȻоԼܹһ˲ʹóö׷롣
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ǿŷֻԺһͷת֮䣬ԭӵ˳࣬ңǰ벻׵ĵطʱҲǻȻʡ
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һɿֲϢӿõóۺͻƶɫ¶һ˿֮ɫһȻͻˡ
Ԫת֮ʱĹŷ磬ȻֽһԪתʵ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷĻ˫ۣЦһųۺͻƶЦ´磬ƶ֮ǰżȻõһ깥ֶΣԸ飬ãڣұ㽫ĻҲͲþˣ
˵꣬ŷҲ˷ԣֱֵüģ׷룬ڸ˳ۺͻƶ
Լʱ֮󣬻ƶͳۺͬʱ˫ۣһ˿ԾԾԵĹâŷҲЦһҲԣԶȥ
һΣŷû߶Զһֻ飬飬ŷǵһ飬ҪһЩ
һΣŷ粢δ֣齻˳ۺͻƶԸȻոϰ׷룬˴ʱľ磬ܿգֻûйŷǿѡ
Ľǣۺͻƶһʩչ׷룬ɱֻ飬ʱ䣬ҲǺ͹ŷһĪĺô
û뵽սȻ棬飬ƺǸ׼һ
ԼǿЩ̲꣬סľ̾˸һԵĻƶĿҲǳԾԾԡ


260 ǵ
ʱģһǧţգ֮䣬ŷ˽սѾһ࣬һŷˣ˲飬һģЩ飬˹ŷ£ΪΪϡ
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׷롭
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֨֨֨
Źŷһ׷ɣһӰʱ˴̶Ĺֽ֮Ƭ֮ӰĭѶɢΪϡ
ɱһ飬ŷ粻ûоģԽĻ˼֣õùŷˬֱХ
ڹŷ࣬ƶͳۣҲǲϵʩչ׷룬ɱһ飬һµʱƶͳۣ׷ʩչҲԽĴ˼֣һö׷룬ɱһ顣
ò˵սսսõˣױȵľ޴ô
һʼʱ֣ſǿɱһ飬ǵڣּ䣬ü飬ν
ŷĿĴһɨǹһĨЦ⣬ֻΧʮΧһ̶ϵĴݶ
ЩԽХڴʱĹŷ˵ȴû˿Ч˸壬ֻǲϵķһöö׷룬һ顣
´磬ƶһΣƺһ鳲ѨȻĻһô飡
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Ƭ֮󣬹ŷ΢΢üԵĳۺͻƶ˵
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飬δ깥ֶΣҲǿ֮ǰһֱû˿ĹǣǴ˿̣ȴɲ˲ǡ
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ԣĿǰõķǱݱܷâ뿪
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飬ƺǰ򵥣ŷãǰһĳΪǿĴڣȻĻԲ
˵ĻսƺͲˣֻ£ƺ֪ܡ


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ٶȱƬ̣ɫһŹŷͺһǷ籩ٶȣ˵ٶȣҪ̫ˣˣ߲
ңս֮Уռرأǳ֮ʵҲ޷˺ѿռ䡣
ŷüͷҲ΢΢һ壬ЦȻˣǱͣ°ɣ飬ǺεضԷǰ򵥣
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ҪǵȿֲĴڶԿ뷨˴ûйԷܹ籩ĿֲڣҪԿ
ء
ͣµ˲䣬ǿֲķ籩ҲѾǰһƮϵشݶ
˭˭Ҿ˭
УɻɫȻԷĲ֪Լ˭Ϊʱ̫ˣ޷ǵá
Ҳԭ򣬲ŷǾãսƺֻս򵥡
ҪսĻЩΪҪڴˣǶкˣӦǰͻؼŶԡ
ңսǺ˽Ϊλ飬Ҫ֪ŷ֮ǰɱЩ飬ɲǿǰҲ̫
Ȼ̫Ƿ棬Ҳһγ飬սƺܹγ顣
ֹһ𣬹ŷвɣѡ
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ʱǷ籩֮УٶƮƺԷѾǷɻ
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սӰУ֮Щ飬ԾɱΪ˵ϣˣȻǹŷˡ
ʱŷüͷԶĿ֮Уһ˿֮ɫ

֮󣬹ŷһ̾תͻƶۣԶȥ
ƶͳۣһۣнһ˿֮ɫ
ԴӹŷǸ籩֮ͱӣõóۺͻƶΪĪֲ֪ôȰ˵ֻܵȹŷԼף߳
ɱɱɱ
ڻƶͳ΢ɵƬ̣һɱı֮ȻԶõһæԶӶȥ
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ŷ磬ͬħһ㣬ֳ׷սЩɱȥ
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Ȼŷͬûмһ㣬ɱϣһһĻӶЩȥ
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ƶʱΣһǹȥȴ룬һסҪȥʱƺһľ磬Լȥɣܹջ񣡡
ƶһȻ֣Ȼŷʱɱϣ˫ۣȴû˿ǣãƺһľ統С
ΪεջؽŲƶǽĶŹŷ磬ֻҪŷһΣգ̾Ԯ
۴ʱҲ˫Ŀ΢УεĶŹŷΧֻҪһвԣȥ
ʱĹŷ磬ȴǻȻ֪Ѿǽһ״̬ʱԺ֮вϵĸսķ籩սǳԻ
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262 Ԫתڵ
ɱɱɱ
ŷһֱȣսⱩǣе׷սһһĿֲ켣ɱ¾Ϣ˲Ƭռ䣬ʮȫ֣Ѫ졣
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̶Ĺֽ֮һһЩ깥ƺһ˿ֲϢӣ񣬹ŷɱ¾֮ѾǶ˺ܴ˺
ŷ羿ʲôΪʲôôǿɱ¾Ϣ
𽥱óĿռ䣬۵УҲһ˿֮ɫʱĹŷ磬ȻδЩ̫˺ǣƺЩ൱η塣
ƶüҲǽţĿ֮һ˿죬Դ͹ŷʶδŷֹ״ʱĹŷ磬ÿֲ
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һȣԾ֮д£һȻڣֲ֮˲Ƭռ䣬ž죬ϵشݶ
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飬ۣ֮ħҪ飬Ҫ֮ȴǸӵӴ󣬶ʱһͷħ֣ɴҲܹĳͷħǰŶôǿˣֻ£ٶ֮ͨ
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Ҫ˶ãŷ磬ܹԽʱԹŷĿֲսۣ¶һ֮С
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˿ƺиппŷ츳ֲ̫
ԹŷǱֻ·ɴ½ܹɵϺţңۿ֪ŷֻһƷţܹڵʵһΪ
츳νֲ
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ѵһ˲䣬ŷҲǷԲԶǸӰʱһ˿֮ɫĶͷħޡ
ȻҲ֪ħĿֲ
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ӰĹֻ˲֮£ۺͻƶ˿ûвڸղţǵƤӵ£ŷѾǾһ
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һûгɹħŭ𣬲һΣŷѧˣƾħ˻ûٿԷһۡ
ǹŷ粻뿴ʵǣԷֲ̫ˣֲҿ
ãǼһˣ
ʱۺȻһֻǻħ˻֮ζȻӳŹŷ˹ȥٶ֮죬ԭأһĲӰصķ쳹
˻һÿٶȣ
ȻԼĻӰŷͫףҲ̲ס΢΢һȻûпŻӰĸ֪ȴһֱεضŶԷ
ˣڶԷһ˲䣬ŷĻӰȫĿˣ෴ķӶȥħ̫£ĿǰʵҪսʤϼѡ
׷롭
ڹŷʱ򣬳ۺͻƶĵͺ֮ͬʱ쳹ͬʱʩչ׷룬ŶԷ˹ȥ
໡
׷룬깥ǻӰǿ󣬿ǱƶͳͬʱҲ̲סʹһΣ˶ݵͣ١
ͣٵ˲䣬ŷΣȴԶԶرܿ˶ԷͬʱҲʩչ׷룬ŻӰ˹ȥ
ֻ׷ϾֻһΪǳ깥ȻܹԻӰһ˺ǺȻƾЩ޷ԻӰ˺
´磬ͻƶʩչ׷븨ңȥԿһ
ŷμգ֮䣬˳ۺͻƶߣҲ˲϶˵ϻֱӺ˷ԸһٶȳŻħ޳˹ȥ
ŷ磬Сģ
۶ŹŷıӰһٶȿʼ׷롣
ƶȴһ仰Ҳû˵ֱӱĿȻǴжȥֹ֧ŷˡ
ٺ٣һ죬ԣ㾿ŶͰɣ
ŷͣǲͣǲͣͬʱֱۣҲǲϵĻӶǻӰնȥһâն˻Ӱ֮ϡ
໡
Ӱŭ𣬻Ŀ֮УһƬѪ죬ֻȴӲŷһƬ½ǣΪÿҪвŷʱ򣬳ۺͻƶǻʩչһ׷룬õûӰ޹
ɱɱɱ
ŷлӶڣž֮£ƾ谵Ŀռ䣬ࡣ
һâϵԹŷȫ˻Ӱ֮ϣһɰ̡
걻İ̡
֮飬ǻӰҲվ޷ֵŷŵâĲԭȽʵӰʼá
龰ŷȴǰΪʩչ׷ûвԵʣʱĳۺͻƶˣѾǼֲ˼ˡ


263 ֮
ɱɱɱ
ŷɱⱩǣ˫Ŀأ֮ԽŨһ貵ĵâڶҫƬա
һΣŷ粻ϵĽâ߶˼ޣͬʱ⵶â֮УҲںе֮ŷҪһɱ
һ޷ӰɱĻôݵģŷˣңųۺͻƶҲǸ꣬ɥ

кɫһŷֱۺȻ£ʱ䣬貵ĵâԾһ㣬ݺݵ˻Ӱ֮ϡ
𡭡
һ˻ߵŭԻӰﴫ֮УʹͲʣȻԼûϵ
𣿡
һ£ŷһ㣬ĵڵأɫ԰׵ֽһ㣬ͷ֮ϣ麺͸
һƴ˹ŷȫһе㲻ģǣ˺ǿǰģŷţһУȥһλ֮еǿߣǶԷҲȻһ֮£ɢ
ڣŷȴҿ϶Լܹһɱ˻ӰΪԷ֮ͬǿ
һʤĽǣˣȫɥȪ
ɹ𣿡
̳ս۵һ࣬Ҳᵽɤۣ֣ûһôŹ
ƶüҲ΢΢ţһ˿ĵ֮ɫɫ԰׵ƴԼȫٶһö׷롣
һö׷룬֮ˣǻӰûбԥĳ֣һûӰԼҲûκεİ취ˣ⿪ڵķӡҲûа취
̳価ʱеĻҳɢʱ򣬹ŷ˵УȴͬʱһΪǻӰʱȻ͸ļҪɢǶԷȴûɢ
Ӱ̧ͷͭСӣĶŹŷ磬Уһ˿ڣݺսô꣬ûǱ
Ȼоǰ꼫ΪΣգΪҪŷ˺ѣ˺飬֤ϣַ
𡭡
һŭ죬ǻӰȻӳŹŷȥУײ֮ɫƺϡ
ĪǣҪˣ
ųԼٿĻӰŷȴǺȻãԷٶȣƺˣˣ󣬹ŷֻãԷٶȣţһ㡣
ǣŷʱѾǺľԼе֮Էлţȴ᲻˿ˡ

Ҳһ֮̾ҲѾĴֻĿŻħ޳ŹŷȥΪ
͡
ľ磬ҵĹŷۣȴֻΪʵı۾ڣǳĿ϶ӰҲǿ֮ĩֻҪһ˿ܹ֮õûӰɢǣȴһ˿ûˡ
Ҳǲ̵ı۾ƺ뿴ŷģ
׷롭
ȻʱƶȴǶȻͺһһö֮ضɵ׷룬ٶȱ
һö׷룬ģҪС̫࣬ҲҪõ̫࣬ȻƶҲƴȫʩչġ
͡
һ죬⣬õĻӰӶΣȻһ٣ŤͷĿ˻ƶϣĿ֮У˲б֮⣬ƺһ˿ŨŨĲ֮ɫ
𡭡
һ˻ߵŭԻħﴫ󣬻Ӱһ𲨶ĭһ㣬ըѶ
ţ
֮󣬹ŷ۾Ĵһ򣬷Ѿû˻ӰӰⲻɵùŷ΢΢˿ƺǵ鷳ء
ˡ
ʱŷȻоԼԺһһصӿԺ֮Уõùŷոջ˺ѰԺȻһ

֮صɢŷҲǳ˿ԶЩ԰׵ɫʱҲٶȻָ˺󣬶ң⻹ǹŷΪ˵ģõ˵ǣʱֻԼͷǰδеֻҪ΢һתǸо뷨
ƺǿˣ
ŷͷһ˿Ц⣬֪ǻӰ֮ӵǿˣԭͲǲΡ
ĪǣҵѾǵ֮ĲΣ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷԺУɵһ뷨ȻЩƣȴ÷ǳܣϾԼĸоһûг
ٶӦƬ̣ŷŽĿ⣬˳ۺͻƶϣʱˣϥü֮䣬һ˿ϲɫӣȻҲǵõ˺ܴĺôϾӰ֮ɲᱻŷһȫյ
һΣǴѲأ
ˣŷУҲ̲סĸпһĿͶգ֪Щʲô
˽սѾһʱ䣬ң׳õˣɥʧΣУȻΪս֮УֻЩС顣
˵һη籩ԷȻҲһΪֲΪûйǣˣҲδϡ
Ǵʱŷȴ̲סĸ̾һֲ˼ҶҪӰ˼ΣˣʱȻѾʧȥ˱ΣյȻĻ˵ʵȻýΣյĽ֡
ǻƶһ˿ֻ½죬ɥ֮ʱ

֮󣬹ŷ糤ĺһɫٶȱü㣬սҲǴĪΣһε飬ҲˣԺ󣬶ҪСġ
ţˣ
ʱŷüͷȻ΢΢һһ˿ɫ֮ϣƺŵ
ŹŷֵĻ֮͸ΣƮ˹ŷ粻ԶȻ顣
ŷ翴Ȼֵ飬û˿֮ɫΪոգѾǲˡ
Ϊ˻Ӱ飬ԹŷĸоһֱǴڿ״̬ԣһĸ֪Χ֮УǸˡ
ɱ
һ쳹ŷâһǳ˹ȥʱںԣ㲻Ҳܶ˺ԣ飬ŷ粢ûжֻǵ
ʱĹŷ磬ԽĿֲ飬ȴ쳣Сâ˲䣬ǳɢ󣬳Ϊ˹ŷ̲֮
ˢˢˢˢ
һľâԳ۵۾֮бһ˹ŷԣЦŷ磬û°ɣ
ŷЦҡҡͷĿ⣬˻ƶϣͷӰɻƶնɱԻõĺôȻҲࡣ
ֻʱĻƶһɹɻ棬ڻ䱳󣬻˳һֻ񣬺Ȼǻ
ŻͣƶϣҲǱʥ࣬üģģһӡǣԸ߹ׯ
ৡ
ʱƶյ˫ĿҲȻ˫Ŀ֮УһܶգһɳȵˣŹŷõùŷ˵壬̲סĳһЦҡͷ
Ƭ֮󣬻ƶ˫Ŀ֮е⣬ĻӰҲǻһ⣬ڡ
䡭
ƶƣȻǣ졣
ͻˣ˻ӰǿƶҲ͹ŷһͻˡ


264 ս
ʱ䣬ٶȻţŷһˣϵսȥ
ֻս̫ͬûб߽һ㣬ƾô·ûпսıԵ
ƺôĲϸ·ֻսΧǻ
ЩУŷҲûһʼǰ㣬޼ɵɱ飬ӰľõùŷףսɲƵأ˵ãʲôطͲſɥΣ
ȻˣȻûдĵɱ飬һЩ飬ҲȻûзŹĵȫϡ
ЩУǺɱͷӰǰǿĴڡ
Ҳ£ŷ磬ٶͻƣһεͻƣҪ֮٣ȥ̥ɾ
֮һķˮ룬Ԫתѷ֮Ҳž޴ģԽĺ蹵
ⲻϵĲ֮࣬ϣҲž޴Ĳࡣ
֮£ߵ಻꣬һЩǿ֮ˣҲʮ꣬һޣδܹƣͬعһ㡣
ȹ٣ȥ̥ߵӳԺÿһ׽٣һΣЩʥ֮ǿߣѴǧ꣬Ϊǧžͷ
ڵ֮ͨӳ˿ֲǧ꣬պŶĸԽҲԽ˵ϣŷ絹δ
ħ𣬿㣬ֻħҲɣ
ôģ֮˵һ׷ľ硣
һɽ֮Уһ̧ͣͷգһ˿֮ɫ
´磬ûвһЩͬѰĵط
ŷüͷ΢΢ţƬ֮ջĿ⣬ųʵ

Źŷʻۣȴǳĺ˿ЦԭҲˣսӦûбʷˣ
˶٣üֻǲ֪ⷬʣǺǻǣֻôӰ죡
Ҿãսƺ磬ʼϵˣŷ
ʲô
̲סľһŹŷ磬ʵŷ磬Ƿʲô

ŷ΢΢˵ͷԶ˵췢֣սƺ𽥵ı䵭ͬʱǺһ£ǲǾãĿǰҪࣿ
ŹŷĻۺͻƶһڿһ˿֮ɫ󣬽ǽĿ˹ŷɫ
Ȼ
ųۺͻƶı飬ŷ֪ˣȻҲǲˣս᳹׵ĿҲ˵
սһֱţھ˶ãŷ粻֪ͬʱǲÿһǧٶῪŷҲ֪Ϊڣһεǧ٣Ѿ̫ԶˣһǧٵˣֻҪûģƶѾǳΪ֮ͨĴڡ
ŷ磬սҪһЩˣ˵ҪӦԣ
ۼŷþûпڣɵĳһ䣬һԵĻƶҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣȴĿڡ
ͬǶԤϵǰ㣬ǽˣ޾鷳
ŷüͷҲǺݺݵ壬ȻҲ뵽ԣϾսʱֻ˵Ķһţ˵ã֮ͨĸ֣ܹһ
ʱˣɻΪʸ֮ģΪģΪȽģ˵ãЩˣỳˣõʲôرƥĵŷȻ֪
˵õ˱Ҳ˵ֱӽãǣ˸ûеõʲôʱʲôһˣᱻǿ׷ɱ
ԺЩͷ󣬹ŷ糤һεĵ´磬ƶҲֻһһˣʵڲУǱ뿪ʱ򣬾ʲôҲûй˵ˡ
ƺҲֻˣ
Ϊʵ̾˿εҡҡͷͷͬϾҲûа취飬ǲĻֻ£ᶪ
߰ɣڿʼǱȫɱ飬ɱ٣ɱ٣ʱǵʵǿһ֣ǱֶΣһ֡
š
ۺͻƶͬĵ˵ͷֱǽٶȷſȫԶӶȥңڣҲû˿ĹǣֻҪ飬һ׷룬ֱɱ׳Լ
ڹŷȫɱʱ磬ҲǷӿһӰʱʻΪ֡
ǹŷĻ֣ᷢЩӰȫ۵һطǱս֮ء
ʱս֮أҲѾǷ˼ı仯Ǿ޴ͻأʯѾǲӰԭأһֱʣҲԶԶĿ
ʱǹΧѾΧ£ӰԶԶȥģңʱƣϵӰԶӶ뵽Ⱥ֮С
ЩӰڿնϯһϢǿģԪ֮ʵ֮ǿߣǲ֪μôǿ߻ױһ½
ʱЩǿߣεضֱʵĹ֮У˼ɫһϽһԾԾԵı顣
˵սʲôʱŻῪǣѾٴ˵ʮˣ
ʱһΪƺЩ󺺣̲סĶΧȺһΧЩˣ֮ҲһĽע˹һȥʮͷ˵֪ս½ĶַӡǧδһΣҲ֪ô£ȻҪˣ棬϶ĻֻһΣ۶ǿߣҲǲҪõôҲϼѣںʱûһ֪
սǿ֮ǰսҵһЩҲܶһЩ׼ֵս֮У˭ҲԼʵǿ
һλȥֻжʮӣ̲סЦһȻЦ֮ͫУȴء
ΪӵĻ֮󣬳Ҳ΢΢һĬȻҲͬԷĻŴա
һΣսǾۼ½۷ǿߣҪôֵƤӵ»úôɲһ򵥵顣
ʵز٣ͬҲҪ
ϾʵٸߣǱǧΧҲȻֻк޶һ
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ȻʱһƵ죬쾪ף˶ը죬õˣ˲ǽĿ⣬еֱͨʵĹ֮ϡ
ڲȺĺأ˫Ŀ𽥱ûȣһƹĵХʱֵ׼ߣѾʼΧˣ֣һʱ֮䣬棬һš
󲿷ֵˣ൱ĿƵģϾսûп˵֮еıҲûмʱ֣Բ֪֮١

֮ڳĴݶ˱ǼֱͨʵĹʱȻǳһѷ졣
֮ʱЩѷüΪϸСǶǲƬ̣Щѷ죬Ƿɿ˿һ㡣
쿴սҪˣ
Ⱥ֮У˾һõ˵ľ񣬶Ϊ֮һΪʱȴƣ͵ɫ˲ʧ
ͷսϾҪˣ죬Ҿһս֮ٺúõ֮ľˣ
ͨұȲƽϣȵս֮Уһۣ
ӣҾȸһӣս֮ٶʤ
һʱ֮䣬Ⱥ֮Уŵͺ֮󲿷ֵģҪսˣΪǱΪս
ˣʱɱˣҲҷŵһߣϾгʱ˽⣬սɾֻһλᡣ
أЩһȻһ۱֪ԣڶ̶̵Ƭʱ䣬ոջһŵĳ棬Ȼ漣İеˣǹȥ׼ֻҪһѣٶȣս
꣬ꡭ
һ֮ǲϵ쳹ڰȺ֮У˴ʱǹѾǲѷ죬ƺֻҪһ˲ǹһ㡣


265 
䡭ǡ
ʱǹȻѣĹֱǱѳһƬƬĴָСĹâƬȺ֮зȥ
ǹâƬȻ󣬿ȴԶԶĳ˵Ԥϣ֮絶Ƭһ㣬˵һЩ֮ǰûвߣʱЩƬ͸壬һЩùļһɥȪ
ϣȱõˣͬģҲȱˣʱǺܺõ˵һ㣬ˣǶ̶Ƭʱ䣬ˣɥЩâƬ֮С
ʱ䣬˺ҽ֮ڶԶԶȥ൱
ˣǷƽʱѾǷǳٵһЩˣǷڴʱȴԵĸͲֵһᣬɥ˺֮УƲһ㲨
սˣҳ尡
ı֮ڳоòϢһӰ𣬸ʩͨǱѹ֮سȥΪһڣò£Ҳ֪ͨսͨˡ
ҹ

Ⱥ֮Уȳ׳֮УȴǴ͸ѪȣһȣһĹţһһ
Щֺ޹˼֮ˣʵǿ֮޼ɵնɱһһߣȻˣҲߵĵù֮ˣ˷
ҵĳ棬洦ɼղŵʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˻ԼǵڣеˣѾ޷Լ֮䣬飬ȫһɱ
һЩ̰֮Լѣǲٹ˼ɱǷħ֮״ֱɥĲ
սͨ㣬һԣֻʮˣ֮ȺһСʱȫʧ
˴ʱԭأǧʬ壬ǣԶΪս꣬ǧ֮󣬱γ飬˵ɱ

Ⱥȫսս棬ʬĵطȻһЦ֮ƬʣƺȻڰ
һӰսͨǹŷڴ˵Ļһ̲סľΪЩӰһģȫħңÿһ쳣ǿħĴڣ㲻϶⡣
λսȱǴ˴εĿģǽǵȱȫų
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ˣڣλٶȴһΣ֮ЩӰһ֮ͨУʧ
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սȽϿĵλãһˣĿɫЩÿˣȻǹŷˡ
ŷǲ²⣬սпܻ᳹׿û뵽Ŷã˵ǰ㣬׵Ŀˡ
ȻǾڵĵطһԶľ룬Ӱ֮ʣŷǸоˣңõΪ֮ɫǣһΣսǿߣȻ֮ࡣ
´磬ƶǼߣЩȻʵǿ󣬿赲һʱɻ׷ǣңʱֻҪ΢һ£Ҫ֣Ҳǲܵġ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ŷ˵ԼļƻۺͻƶһҲʮֿУˣû˿ɵģԶӶȥ

һĲҽУս֮вϵĴݣģЩǰһǼ͸Ӱ
ЩӰﲻϵķһ̶Ĺֽ֮Ȼ깥
깥ֶΣߵ統УѾǾȻһЩУпܻǾ󲿷ֵˣûмҪ˵ˡ
ԣЩ飬ܶˣֻܱĳܣڣЩ黹ûпǣ깥ֶΣҲر
ȻĻЩ飬;ԿЩһǣ˲ء
ҽڼھʼĻ֮ߣҲǿʼķȻЩûʲô̫Чһ˿˺ۼҲ
ԣߵķЩ飬ҲһıţʱƣܶߣҲǶ
ȳһӰٵĳսȥ֮ܶطǱһ顣
˵вջҪôǻһЩ似ҪôǻһЩ
õһߣûĳȥѰһЩ߱
𡭡
ڣһĺ˳ʼħ飬ħ飬ͨ飬Ҫǿ̫ˣߣʼ˴ħ飬ǵһйԵôһһٵոš
ЩģѾӵǵ飬ȴһûƺЩӵǵ飬Ѿȫһ
Щߵĺ棬һȺӰϢǰţڴ˵Ļһ쳣ľȣǾ
ΪЩǷѾɱ飬ȺӰǰȴǴĺֽûʲôһһ񣬶ܽЩɱ
Ϊʹõ깥
飬û깥ĻҪʰһ飬ǧѵģҪǻ깥ĻҪʰһ飬̫򵥲ˡ
ֻϧ깥ȴ˭ġ
ħʴˣڣô죿
ʱһӰһԷǳǿĺӰǰΪʵ
ħһ壬ȼƶȣǿǷǳģԷֻ߳һȼ˶ԷҲҪ
ǿĺӰ΢һǻֵԸȥȫɢ֮УȥѰҷӡȱ֮أƿӡ
ǣħʴˣ
ǺӰӦһܿȥԸȥˣλӰһʧˣԭλãȴһ˿ռ䲨ȻԷ˺ѿռ뿪ġ
ħһ壬ħʣѾ൱ʥǿߣΪħһĹԣѲ̶ȣ֪ҪǿѲ١
ʱĺӰУħʵѾǷǳĶˡ
ǿ߼һᾪĪЩħһ壬ƽʱɽ¶ˮ˸Ͳ֪ʱȻѾǻôࡣ
Щħһ䣬һƷţҪǿࡣ
ֻ¾ڣһԶòôǿߡ
Ƭ֮ЩӰʧһɶͬûгֹһпܣˣѾǻ켣ǿߵС
սڿˣǧ٣ϾҪˣЩ֮ˣҲ˻ҷʱˣ
սģһǳأǳأͨ嶼ð׹ݳɣһǳǡ
׹ǳУһޱǿ飬ڳǳ֮š
Щ飬ÿһҪǿߣңЩ񣬲ǿնãȻģǱ˵Щ飬Ѿӵǡ
Щ飬Ĵζϸϸ۲죬ΨһطǲҿǴطһԺ䣬ͬɰ׹ݳɵԺ䡣
Ժǰİ׹ϣ֣
ʱǳĴ֮УӰЩӰѾ޵ʵͬҪʵһ㡣
һˣǵս˵ˡ
ʱλ֮ϵһӰĿܹһ㣬Զȥ̲ס̾Ϣ
Ǻǣҵȱ֮ˣܹǧ꣬Ѿ֪ˣʱսЩ˵ĶҲκһţ
ս˵ӰʱЦһŵҵܹﹶӲдҲȫΪ˷ӡЩ˵Ķսţ˵ǲǣǳЩһʱˣ
˵ĻЩӰһȫǳħһ壬ޱȣСǿҪǿǷӡǧ꣬ҲĲЩһ
ȻڵʵҲһ൱ֲҪЩħΨһ취ͬھԱǵ꣬Щħ֮꣬⣬


266 ǹս
һ֮һˣͣǰĿ֮Уһ˿֮ɫһۣнǾĪ
ֻǰԶһͨɰ׹ɵĳǳأ˵أǹǳǣû˰أţǿŵģ͸ţŷˣǹǳ֮УһӰڲϵζ
ЩӰ͸ȻҲ飬͹ŷ֮ǰȣǹǳ֮е飬ȻҪǿ̫ˣҪʵ֮ܶ࣬һ˿ԻĹâ˸ԵģѾǾ߱ǡ
ŷ磬ƺǳ֮Уסŵģȫǵǵ飡
һԵĳۣȻҲǷ״üͷ΢΢𣬶Źŷʵ˵ڸô죿
ŷУҲһ˿֮ɫǳǣͺǰǲȥĻֻҪ˶ãᱻЩս׷ϡ
Ϊǰŷ˾ѾЩһ棬ڣһˣ̫ǿֽɱˡ
ҲΪܶ˶Ϊ˻رԱǿʼһ׷ɱᱦսŷˣһ·ܵ
Ȼ˵ʵû֮ͨǿǰ£ǲκˣ׻˵ĺãûܲסǶ֮࣬ԪǿԼ֮ǿ׷ɱˣûа취սֻܡ
ȻĻֻ¶Էһܽ˸ˡ
ʱվڹǳ֮ǰԥ֮Уǲ
ŷһʱ䣬ҲЩò⣬ǲĻЩ׷󣬶Ȼ׶༪٣ǽҪһǳص顣
ңЩ飬ɲͬЩ飬Щ飬ȫǵǵ飬ʵӵǿ󣬶ңڶࡣ
õùŷ絣ĵǣʲôĴڣð׹ǣһĳǳأһܻ۵ô顣
ЩصģȻǲڹǳ֮£ʲôĴڣܹסЩǵ飿
ݣǳ֮УпܣǻЩµĴڣִڣЩ׷ɱǵˣӵĿ¡
ǣ
ŷѾ֮С
ৡ
ȻڹŷڹųǰפɵʱһҵƷ֮Ȼ쳹󣬹ŷ˻ͷǼһӰһ㻮˹Ƭ֮䣬㽫˸ˡ
һȻĻҪ֮أ
Ⱥ֮УȻһȣף˲õ˵Ŀ⣬ûһϢͷţŷˣεΧм䡣
ŷ۾΢΢һУ¶һĨɫߵǵȷûеõҲãҲա
ߣΪǻ𣿿㽻Ȼݹǲ
ԣȻĻȻñûñ
ݵöԣβֱӶ֣ˣȻǵģ
ŷĻո£һ֮һЩû֮ˣֱӽţҪԹŷ˳֣
ȷʵûеõˣҪ֣ҽűǣ
˵ŷĿ⻺ƶλոսҪ֮˵ϣһ˿ɱϣȴ¶һĨõЦݣЦոգҪְɣȻˣұһᣬһսʤʤ
ɸս񣿡
ʤɸս
ŷȺ֮¡¡죬õ˵Ŀ⣬ǻϣ¶һ˿ϷʵЦ⡣
˳׺ᣬͷ󺺣һ̣вϵ׹ոգԹƻ˶Թŷ֡
ֻȻû뵽һ̣ŷ羹ȻֱҪսŷȻȥȽ㣬ȴ֪ŷԪת۷ʵֻһǿԿ֮
ԼȥֻԪתʵ͹ŷ֮Ĳ࣬ɲһǰ㣬θҺ͹ŷ絥ս
ֻǲӦĻô˿ţ죬ҲǽˣԺսֻҲռˡ
һʱ֮䣬ͷ񲻶˸վԭأձɫѿ˼㡣
Ƭ֮󣬹ͷɫһ䣬ЦߣʵԪתңֻԪתҺսδҲ̫۸˰ɣ
ͷ󺺵Ļ£ҲǷ׷׵ͷȷԹͷ󺺵ʵ͹ŷսȴǲʤ˾޴⣬ܶսҲпԭ
ߣ۸ˣ
ŷУһ˿мɫЦҺսʵң˵۸ˣˣڵйѣôʱ㲻˵۸أ
Īǣֻ۸ˣ˾Ͳ۸ɣ
˵꣬ŷֱĶŹͷ󺺣ǳɫŷĻ֮ҲǾúеɵģٶȽĿ⼯е˹ͷϡ
ͷȻҲû뵽Լòװľƣŷ缸仰ǸٶŤתҪǹŷ˵ĻҲȷʵݲ
һʱ֮䣬ͷ󺺽ԭأɫһ࣬һ죬ֱѿ˼㡣

ŷһֱû˵һ˿мʵ
ʮ
ͷ΢΢һ㶣׹ŷΪʲôôʣˬĻشһʮ䣬Ԫת֮һֱΪģȻȲЩţҲҪͨǿϲ١
ˣ˵仰֮󣬹ͷ󺺱ǰȻ̧ͷ
ߣһ
룬ŷͷ󺺵Ļ֮ȴ쳣мļһ
㡭
ͷָݺһָŷ磬һ˿ŭ̫۸ˣô˵ġ
ߣʮ꣬ҲԪתңȻţǶʮ꣬ҲԪת֮˵㲻Ƿʲô
˶٣ŷͲͷ˵Ļᣬŵңʮ֣Ǳһսȴսųһ
սܶսҲˣ˵۸㣬ΪߣʵǿΪ츳ߣҪǣûһߵģ˵ǲǷ
ŷᣬõùͷ󺺵ɫԽԽѿγˮǼɵŷʵֻ£ͳȥŷ˺ˡ
Ⱥŷһϯ֮ҲǶԹͷ¶˱ĵɫҪ˼ҵıȴֲսȷǹġ
Ǳӹͷ󺺵ʱȴû뵽ԼղţֺγǺһҪŷ罻浽˹ŷսʱֻ£ͷ󺺣硣
⣬˵Ӹ԰ɣ
һϬԴǣͷ󺺵סõùŷΪ⣬̲סİԵ⣬ԭԼôһ츳ǰǸûˡ
λҵȷûУλ˭ŵĻһսս
ŷףȺը죬һʱ䣬õˣ΢΢Щ֮У󲿷ֻ֣Ԫ֮ǿߣŷ磬ѾԪת۷֮˭͹ŷϣûбʤİա
һսˣǱֻһ³
ڶĶǲҶģҲĲǶŴõǰ;οΪһĪеıпֵܴ
ֵã𰸺Զ׼ĲֵãϾٺãԼֵǮ
˵ı飬ŷҲΪĵ˵ͷ⣬ҪĽϾĺô˷ͻ̫ˡ
ңпܻᶪ
ֻŷȻЩ͹ε̰ΪܶˣŽǾãܹùŷ罻ԼҲһܹ
СݵùƻģһȻĻһˣ
ȻĻǱһˣ
ԣ㱻סˣ㽻
Ⱥ֮Уһ˳֮ˣҲǷ׷׿ʼ
ͷڼһĻ֮֮ϣ̲סĹһĨĻȣŷ֮ǰٰ裬Ҳǵõ˱Ӧ
ţ
ŷ˫Ŀһ˲֮絶һ㱬֮õˣǸվһʹͬιһ㡣


267 ǳ
Сӣ˵ô໰޷Ǿǲ뽻ҿ㶨ȻȻĻΪʲô˵ôϻ
Ⱥ֮еˣȻŷһˣͷ󺺶ʱмһЦЩһǣոջһӲѣû뵽ֵԼʱ򣬾ȻҪ࣬Ƕˡ
ЩͷȻǲ˵ΪҪЩˣȴԸŷ磬ԱԷղ֮

Źͷ󺺵ĻŷȻһȣε׷룬˲ϯŹͷȥ
͡
һ죬˱Ǽͷ󺺵壬ȻǻأȻ˵ϣѾǳ׵ûϢ
ˣ
Ⱥ쳣Ĺͷ󺺣нǺݺݵĲ˲ù죬ͷ󺺣˵ЩУʵġ
ԪתʵôҲŵϺţû뵽һȻᱻŷһָɱ
ǹŷ磬Ŷôֲ
˵ŷʩչ깥ɱͷ󺺵ģȺȴ붼û뵽ֻΪŷʵֲһɱ֣Ҫ˶Է
Ⱥ֮еɫŷΪĵ˵ͷҲû뵽ɱһ𺳣ԶԶҪ˵һѷϻǿ
磬վߵ磬ֻǿʵǾηĸȻĻһж̸̸ֻֽѡ
뿪
ûȺŷ֪ЩһֻʱԼĪֶθסˣֻ¹һᣬֻҪ
ԣᣬ뿪;˵̤ǳǣŷȴǷ㣬ǹǳʵ̫죬棬ֻ֪ôġ
Ȼл뿪ȻҪ뿪ġ
ۺͻƶǵ˵ͷתҪȥ
˵˭Թŷ˽ģôǳۺͻƶˣոɱͷ󺺵ֶΣҲ൱˽⡣
СֵܣҪ뿪ǲᷴԣ٣Ҫɣôһ·Ǿˣǲ̫Ƿˣ
ʱһЩϵش˳õùŷĽŲȻһ٣ٶȷŻԭء
ŷ绺ת˵ߣ۾΢΢һУУȴ΢΢Щ죬ⷽųԵߣȻһλѷǿߡ
Ǻǣǰûнλǣûнǰأ
ŷЦЦĿߣһ
⡭
ŹŷĻҲ΢΢һ٣ЩŭߵСֵܣϷղűѾǼʶˣΪƾܽЩ˴ˣҲ̫С˰ɣ
ߵĻ֮ˣҲǷ׷׵˵ͷȻͬߵĻ
ǺǣǰҪñǣ
ŷЦһɫƽˮ˿Ĳ
ǺǺǣȻǴһģϷֱӳ֣ЩԽ޴ˣҪãҲȻҪλһֲǣ
ͬЦһ˫֮Уȴһ˿Ц
ŷɫ΢΢һĿһۣȴڸ̾ȻϵҪˣۣȻߵĶ֡
ߣڿ˰һ޷ǾǼɵŷ˵ʵҶԳ֣Žһ˳ϡ
һ߲õ˵ͬңҲһܺõĳɡ
˵ҪǱã˼ֱ˾䣬ǴҵģǶ֣ҲǴһֲǡ
Ϊ˹ƽʵϣȴԸŷ硣
ò˵һһУǽŷѹƵģõĹŷոջЩ飬˲
ۣվ̫óġ
ȻߵĻ֮Ⱥ֮еˣ۾ٶȿŷĿ֮ʱҲû˸ղŵĹǡ
Ⱥ֮еɫŷȴǿЦһҪ˳뿪ǲܵˣһս˵⡣
뵽ŷ˿˹ǳһۣһųۺͻƶ´磬ƶٲһսˣʵڲУٵĳǹǳ֮С
˵ŷһЩ񶾵ļƻЦңܹŭЩˣǽǳ֮УҲһеĳĻǺ͹ǳ֮еܾˣ˳ѵĻᣬҪˣ
á
ƶͳŷļƲߣҲȻһǽǳǣҪһѹõǻǻɲ١
֡
ͬ⣬ŷ統Ϊǿеͺһȶ˹ȥ
Ĺŷ磬Ԫתʵڼ깥ֶΣԸһѷ֮ǿߣֵ֮¡
ڹŷ綯ֵ˲䣬ƶͳˣҲͬʱչΣȺ˹ȥ
׷롭
ŷһ⣬һɱʱ䣬׷ʩչͬʱУһսҲ˲両֡
ɱ
䴫һͺȣŷ䣬߱׷빥˲䣬һնһѪ
ѷ֮ߣԼ
һâŷٶһ˱Ϯȥ

ڹŷնɱߵͬʱеȺҲǲϵһҽдŷˣʵֲ̫ԪתĹŷ磬һУɱһλѷ֮ǿߡ
ʵֲĳۺͻƶӵĿֲڶ֮Уֱ֮أҪ˵Ԫǿߣ֮ǿߣҲ˵һ֮С
һֲ̫ǵֻ֣ᱻƣ
һЩˣ˲Ծʼˣһ֣ŷ˳׵Ĵݻ٣գ֮䣬Ⱥ֮еˣȫһ
˴ʱѾԽĿ϶ŷˣһǵõرȻĻôֲԽսͬԷˮһ㡣
ûеõر˭š
ߡ
Ѿŷ֪²ΪһͬʱչΣǳ˽ȥգ֮䣬Ѿʧ
ãǴرˣҿ׷
ŷգ֮ͽ˹ǳ֮Уеˣ΢΢һ㶣һ˿֮ɫų֮е飬ҲˣȻ֪ԷĿֲ
ǣʱһɿŹŷ֮ǰĿֲսʱһ۾ȣҲ˲̫ˣֱǳŹǳǳ˽ȥ
˵һеڶʱ䲻󣬼˵ˣӽ˹ǳ֮УΨһˣûнȥʮվԭء
ˣǸոճɿ֮ˡ
ֻʱ˵һ˿ЦݣûκεĶǸոЩǳ֮е˼ڵı飬һղǰ㣬ԥĳǳˣΪˣȥ̫ˣ
˵ȷǲΪѾŷˡ
ɿ˽ǳǣҲǹŷ԰ŵģȻĻļƻҪˡ
ڸոձսʱ򣬹ŷԼǿ֮ǿкͶԷǩԼԷ׵Ŀסˡ
Ҳ˸ոմɿ˵һĻ
֮ûнȥҲǹŷİţΪŷǴ㣬ø˽ǳǣùǳǳ״ңǲԽȫЩ飬Ź˲ǡ
ò˵ŷһ̣ʵǴ̫ƮˣֻЩˣԴҲ벻ѾǱŷˡ
ৡ
ʱǳ֮⣬һƷ֮һ߻ڴˣȻӦǱոյսġ
ǱŷƵǿߣٶ˹֮Уʱһ˿Ц֮ɫһţûб˷֡
ոô£̲סĿˣʵ


268 
һЦصλոﱬһսƺ˵õʲôرѣǳ֮УЩǿߣ׷ȥˣ
رʲôر
Ⱥһ⻰Ծһ˿֮ɫһЩӼˣæʵǽսΪܹһЩô
ֻôҲô׻õģǽѾһʱ䣬ǲûлúôвˣԴ˶ʱ˻رȻһЩ˼
˵ˣʵߵ֮Ȼñ֮ˣһܹӵбЦˣӵбߵ硣
Ϊھǿʵǰû˻㽲ʲô
Щֻǽ˫ʵ൱ǰ֮¡
˱ŷƣȻŷѾǽ˹ǳǵУǶ淢飬൱Լ
˵ŷЩ顣
һ˿Ц֮ɫ˻˵ԷʲôҲֻΪǼƺԽս
Ŷ˻
ȺԽԽսһ޴ջǵȽףҪԽսͲܣΪȼ֮ʵ̫޴ˣһЩֶΣҲֻԱҪԽսȴү롣
ǴʱǷǰܲĶܹԽսıɴҲԿǼǶôˡ
еĹЦ֮ɫԽŨ΢΢һ£ſ˵ԷˣһˣԪתʵѷ֮ǿߣУȴһж߲Ȼûкǿ߽֣ӶԷʵֻ¾ǿߣһǶԷĶ֣
˶٣˽ŵˣ֮ʵͬǣͬȼĸ֣У߲һУ
ʲôȻд˵ȱ
˵Ⱥ֮УǰľǶԷ˵챦ʵЩֲ̫ˣЩ֮УһЩģʵǿߣ챦ǵõ˵ԺǱǳ֮ͨһ޵еĴˣ
ܹ֮ͨǿ߿һҲ˵
뵽һЩǿУѾЩ಻ס˵ǳŹǳǵĸȥˣ
Ҳɣæŷ˵ȥ򣬸ЩˣЩ˱һӽ˹ǳ֮Уģƺһ㡣
ٺ٣ɣɣԽ࣬Խã
գ֮䣬ٶʧһյΣһ˿ֻЦݣٶԭĵȴ֮ˡ
ʵ˵֮©ƪЩ΢һܷ֣챦ջ֮£ȴǸûȥĥǡ˶ԷĹơ
ȻˣҲǹŷôԭΪƶ鹹챦һܹЩע⡣
׹ǽǣһ͸ӰζĿģȴԼǿΪìܡ
⣬ǹŷǳ֮ĵһо
˵Ƕһ޶ĹǳǣʱĹŷ磬ȴǸûʱȥᣬΪöˣ׷
Щǿߣˣ֮䣬գȻ󲿷ʵȲŲ٣ʵҪǿࡣ
ߣߣ
󲻶ϿǿϢŷͺһ˲Щ飬æٶȷӵ˼£ƶͳۣҲǽĸڹŷߣԷһȻŷսǱϾȼһ⣬ɾ鷳ˡ
Сӣر㲻ȻĻǳǣɥ֮أ
һȣףõùŷ˵ɫ΢΢Щ̫ÿ
ߣЩһǲģȻ˵Ļǽ죬㳹ģ
ŷЦһƲϻӶһâӶȥ·Щȥ
â̺Щ飬ż˺ģȴֲɥ
֨֨֨
ʱһ̶Ĺֽ֮ǲϵ쳹Щ飬һڿն𣬳Źŷ˹ȥ
ֻʵ̫ˣȻŹŷ˹ȥǴ󲿷ֵģǳŹŷЩ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬һ֮ŲҽУǽϵ쳹õԭЩĹǳǣ׵ķ
⻹꣬ǳ֮е飬ʵ̫ˣЩ鷢һ飬ԴԴϵĳܻ۹˹ȥ
ٺ٣ߣ
ⷬ󣬹ŷһЦ⣬ҪĽ
Źŷͺһ֮˲ӿۺͻƶˣҲǸУٶȼģԶӶȥ
ڶ֮־壬ŷ֮Щȴأֻɹŷȥ
Щ׷ŷǿߣѪùԴԴϵ鹥˲ء
飬ó깥Щǿߣûеֿ֮һ壬ϳ·׹䡣
ЩǿЩʱһӰٵӶңһӰǵʵҪǿࡣ
ʱ䣬Щһ˿ϲɫ䣬Щǿ˹ȥϣܹЩǿߵıӻһ
ЩӶӰȻǺЩƭǿߣǷӦЩӰӹˣͬģҲΧ

ʱ䣬ŭĺݶЩǿҪЩߣʱѾˣʱ䣬ĲҴսٶȱ˿
һеʼٸߣʱȴѾԶǷ֮أһ׹ǴԺ֮С
ŷڰ׹ǴԺ֮УߣһЩ飬ֱӱһ׷ɱȥ
Щ飬ȻǣҪȹǳЩǿߣڹŷǰԵޱȵСһ֮£ض
ʵǹŷһսֵȼĻ˹ŷ֮⣬ۺͻƶϰ׷룬Ҳ޷һ½ɱ
ǣôʱ鲹䣬֮Ѿǿˣͬģ׷ҲͲͬնһǵ飬̫ѵġ
ȻˣŷҲ֪֮Ȼܹ׵ĻɱЩ飬һǳǿ飬û˿İ취
սǹɿֲ籩ŷ絽ڣǼ£ԣŷֻѡһͨĴԺʱţĴҡ
ȻĻһֲ飬ˣҪ군ңܹһųǵǿߣ϶սҪֲ
͡
һ죬һŷˣ׷룬޾һ㣬ϵļɱһ顣
ȷ̲ŷˣҲȷõ֮ѷŻɱԽ࣬ǵ֮Խǿʢ
ŷ磬Ҫʱ𣿡
Щɣһ鲼Ĺǳ֮ţУǸоЩ԰ƺڤڤ֮УǣѾĳЩ˵֮С
ʵǳۣŷ磬Ҳһֱ˿ӵĸоָоȻ˸о㲻ˬ˴ʱҲûбİ취
ܹϢǵĴڣȻǼΪֲģȻڻûжǶ֣ѱģҪ뿪֮󣬻Ƕ֡
ԣŷڶģģԼǰпˣǳ֡
ԷҲֻǺҲ˵
ŷİοԼһϾЩ飬ǰɶǺպǿߣȻļģǶһЩֲĴ˵ǰļ䣬Ҳ£ҲԵԷֻһĴ
뵽ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ĿǰҲֻܴˣڳȥֻ£Ǿ޷ӲЩǿߵ׷ɱˡ
˵ŷ΢΢˶٣ŵȻҪ飬Щ飬ȴҲܹԸЩǿߵֶΣأ֮º󣬶ԷҲ̤ǳˣԣ˵ȫģ
ðɡ
Ҳ֪ŷ˵еֻõ˵ͷǿѹеĲ͹ŷˣǰȥ


269 ŷȽ
һİ׹Ƿ֮УһӰϥΧһɫС֣
Щʹǻ֮ɫȥһ㣬ʵ˲̫
ʱǵӰȴǽЩĻɫ˴֮ԥģȫɽ֮С
ЩĻɫ壬ǵӰƣȴԽĻģ֮ݶ

ֹ飬һֱСʱ򣬷ŻɫСӰڣӰҲͬһʱ䣬Ȼ˫Ŀ۾֮У׵һľâǡ
֮ش٣
۾֮﷢һֹ֮αʧ֪١
ǵӰȻǹŷɣǳ֮󣬹ŷһȽصİ׹ǴԺɱе֮󣬱ǿʼͷ
ΪȻʵ׷ɱǵǿߣʵ̫࣬׻˵ĺã˫ȫȭѵ֣ԣûоԵԱʵ֮ǰ˱ǲ뿪ˡ
ৡ
һӰһţѾǳ˰׹ǴԺȻǸոսһĹŷ硣
ʱĹŷ磬ٶȱǰٶ˼ߣģ˼صơ
ڹŷո뿪׹Ժ֮ʣĳۺͻƶͬ˫ۣУһ˿֮ɫģǾϲ֮ɫ
ٺ٣СӣȻͻԪתûм죬ͻˣҲ֪ŷش٣Ŷô
ǹһĨÿЦݣ֮Уһ˿ڴ֮ɫȽ֮ʱش٣ֻ൱ͨȴΪεıƻݱ˼Ϊֲش١
ңǹŷĻһ죬ɥش֮ˡ
ŷ缴Ƚ٣£شٵƣΪĿֲпܻᳬȵش١
Ҳõĳ۶ڹŷش٣ЩڴͬҲӵڴŷȽ֮ʵᱩǵʲô̶ȡ
֪ÿһ˵ش٣ͬһ㣬ƽӹߣشٵҲСࡣ
һЩ츳ڵ֮شٵƣҲἫΪĿֲȻˣǶȽ֮õĺôҲǼΪĿֲ
һ㣬ԼϣܹóϾֱӿѷ֮֮
͡
һ˫Ȼ˿˿âһ㣬ϵ˸ţ
Ӱ༫Ϊ죬ƯͬŮһ㣬һ˫ܹͬһ㡣
Ӱã˿˿ȥȻʵ壬ȻҲһ飬ȴһΪ飬սֱҪֲࡣ
û뵽СһôҪȽˣҲãǧ٣ܹЩҲ˵
ӰǺЦһ˲䣬õռ䣬ԵûԾࡣ
ৡ
ǵӰ֮֮ԣһƷ֮һЦǴ˳
Ҳˣ
Ǻ֮ˣͬһõ壬Ȼͬһ顣
˵˵˵ͷʵˣԤ֮ˣ˷ҪȽ٣ֻ£Щ˵ĶٲҪһˣ˵ǸΣ
Ǻǣһң⣡
һЦƻ벻⣬֮ŵǣǵ飬㹻ˣ
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üͷ΢΢һ壬һ˿ɻ֮ɫ̲סĳʵ
ǺǣȥɣһУ֮Ի֪˰˰֣˵
ðɣѾ׼
˵˵ͷЦһһգ֮䣬ûӰ
Ǻ֮ѾûӰӰ۾ȴȻһ⣬һΣҲó֣Щˣ
£ˣٶȱ˫ۣ֮УҲٶȻָƽ
յʱ䣬һһգ޶˶˵ģһɳƵգǳǣõЩ飬ѹ֣ϵطһ˻֮
ৡ
ŵĹŷ磬Ȼ˫ۣ֮У磬ȻճƣǹŷƺδܵκεӰ죬һĨĻȡ
ش٣ˣ
һ£󣬹ŷ壬𽥱䵭󳹵׵ʧŷٶ֮ʣѾ˹ǳǵϿգնֱһһ㣬¶һ˿ϢֱƲ񷡣
ৡৡ
ڹŷγڰ֮ӰͬӶ˹ŷ粻ԶϺЦȴһ˿޵ĵ֮ɫ
Ӱǳۺͻƶ
ŷĿƶ˻ƶϣ΢΢һЦδԣۺͻƶҲǶŹŷͶȥһ
˱ǿʼĵȴشٵĵ
ڹŷ˼Զһξ֮ʮӰҲǾĿңңŷڵķУɫͬĹâ
УԻӰȻҲС
ʮӰ͸Ȼȫ飬ǹŷ֪ʱʮǿĴڣڿȽٵĻ֪лʲô뷨ӦǼλľʡ
˵ǵԤ֮ˣش٣ʲôȼĴڣ
ʱһӰһЦ༸ˣ̲סĳ
ߣԤ֮ˣҴͲʲôԤԣȻҪԿش٣»
˻£һ֮߳УŵĺתȴΪأûб˷֡
ǺǣҢۣ˻⣬Īǣ㻹ҪǰĻҪˣܹǧ꣬ǰֻ´ʱǣѾɢ˰ɣ
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˶٣˼ҿҲˣ
ǺǣҢۣҿôЩĹ֮УѾɥʧߵô˵Щ־ԼĻ
ʱһ˿˵֮УŲ֮ɫ
ߣ׵ۣĪҲãСܵеùħ𲻳ɣ
ǱΪҢ۵ӰʱҲЩ֮Уһ˿ɫ
ǺǣǲܹеùħҲ֪֪ǰûƭǵɣңȻܹҲ㲻ƽӹ֮Ȼֺα˵Щɥ
һЦ˿ںԷЦǺǵ˵
Ңһ⣬һţ˵Щʲôȴ룬һϵϡ
ˣҪˣǰԼĵֻҪؼɣα㳳֣
˵֮ˣȻԻ֮ˣȻԷݼߣһ仰Щˣûټ˵
Զ飬ŷǲ֪ʱɫѾǳ׵Դ΢΢ʣһ˿Ũҵս⡣
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ৡ
ʱƵĻۣǳ֮⣬һҲǲϵӶĿ˹ǳ֮УУһ˿ɫ


270 

һ磬գԭЩ谵Ŀռٶһ˲֮䣬ս䣬õսǿߣǷ
üһڶȽ٣
ǰ֪˭ô󵨣ȻսȽ٣ѵͲЩĸһãǿɾ᲻
Ⱥ֮Уһ̧죬в֮ɫȻڹŷ󵨵ΪΪĳԾ
ʱΪһеʼٸߣɫҲǳ׵Ȼ׽ٻδ£ŷѾܹ϶һεش٣ֻ²ù𵱳۵׽٣Ҫֲ࣬Ϊشٵѹ֮£ҲǸܵһ˿ϢҪ
ŷ۾УȴͷתЦҵش٣ֻ²򵥣һУͱԴ֮ѲĹϵ
ŷк֪֪ܹ֮ŽĳɾͣһѲϵǱǱԴ֮
˵Ǿ澭
ŷԣŷ֮ƵԣصĶɣĳɾͣע˲̫ߣֻΪ
ǣһУΪ澭ı䣬𾪣ǿ츳ͬģܹͬʱնԴ֮
˵ûо𾪣ûĳɾ͡
˵شٻֲŷҲ⣬Ϊ𾪣ң츳
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һƵ죬ŷ˼ʵ֮У̧ͷֻһƲ֮£Ƶ죬ŭһ㣬𵴾
֮γһξ磬絶һҡ

ȻЩ˺ɽʯľ磬ڹŷϣȴǷһ󶣶֮磬˽ʯ֮ϡ
ŷɫ˫΢У֮ͫŵⱬһƣϻֱ˾ƣ

ŷ羹ȻɱǽǾ赲£ۺͻƶˣҲ΢΢˿û뵽ŷǿ󣬾ȻҪԶԶ˵Ԥϡ
𡭡
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һ˲һ˶ĤȻݶڹŷһȭ֮£׺䱬Ȼ䱬֮󣬹ŷȴûзŹЩ绯ڶ˲ա
Щ֮ŷϵƣٶȱǼ֣ģųԽԪתƣƲɵֱ졣
䣡䣡䣡
ŷĶƺŭ˾֮ϵƣһֲ£һʱ֮䣬أƶһƬ磬߼裡
ƣƣƣ
ŷã죬񱩵ͬϯϣȭӰƼޣȥЩȫ
ͬģЩ֮󣬹ŷҲû˿֣Щ֮˲ȫգԼϡ
һɫ绡ڹŷζ˸һž죬õĹŷ磬ȥǾһ㣬
Щ֮ŷǣӭս޷죬ݡ
ǸõرСӣÿֲʵ
ǰ׽٣Ҳֲֻҵȹȥ̼ҷ𣬿ǸСӣȻӲңȻΪãʵֲ̫
ԶЩڹǳ֮ǿߣŷǿŲӰһҲаզ࣬һЩʵߣǾԺȥǹŷ硣
ûжȽǶȽ֮󣬵ȥ̥ѷ֮ʵٶȱǣʱ˵ͨѷǿߣǿߣпܣҲǶԷһ֮У˵Ϊ
ȻҲһЩʵǿ󣬻ѱ֮ûнŷΪŷ֮½챦Ϊ
Щˣⲻ֪ŷûеõʲô챦챦֮£Ҳ鹹ΪƭЩ˵ġ
ٺ٣СһԤߣһЩ£ǳˣ
ǳ֮УЩǿ飬ʱҲ̲סĸ̾Ц⣬Ȼڹŷı֣Ϊ⡣
༸Ҳǰͷǳͬ
ߣСӣȻҪͨǿһЩǹ˵Ļֻ»ﲻԤߵҪɣʵôܻ͵Ĺħ𣬵֮٣Ҳ
һֱǲͬԤߵӰʱ̲סһ˵ЩϵЦ⣬Ȼٶס
Ңۣƺһֱôǰ
һЦЦĿһˣһ˿Ī֮ɫھǺζ˵Ҳ޴Ӳ¶ȡ
ǺǣҵǱȽͬҢ۵Ĺ۵㣬ǹƾЩ϶СһĻǺȷ̫һЩ
ʱһˣͬҢ۵ĻõҢ۸ոջѿɫ˲תǹһĨЦĻȡ
ǺǣҲǣһл֮磬λĿűǣ
ʱһֱû˵վڼмˣ̲סĻ˵һʱ䣬֮˽Ƿ׷ͣƺڴˣΪĹҢۣǲٶ˵ʲôֻȴźһš
ֻĻôɢȥɣ
ŷңգƿŲ˫Ŀ֮е⣬ܹأ˵˻ùŷĶΪ죬ش٣ȻȻûʲôǵġ
ŷȴΪһֱãش٣Ӧ˲ٿزŶԣ˵ش٣һ顣
䡭
ŷĻƺŭ˾ƣʱ䣬ϣƷѹֵգԽŨ˼֣ңҲԽ֮䣬īɫ

ȻʱһĹ죬˳ǱǾķ֣һֻڵľצ֮̽˳
ǾצС㳬ɣһīɫƬϣڵɫ󣬸һļµĸоһۣ꣬ҪУ޷԰Ρ
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ԶۿȺ˵ģ̲סĵһǾצֲһЩ־ߣʱ̲סĲ
ʲôÿֲ
пܣǴ˵֮е׽٣٣
֮ȺʼһЩЩʶߣھצ֪֮иǾֲ̫ˣ
ھצ𣿡
ŷ΢΢ͷǻ̽ھצһ˿Ц֮ɫȻھצŷ粢¡
ƣھצŷҲȷʵûкµıҪ۶Ƚ֮ʣǺھצԿһȻûκεھצھצҲκãȥ
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ǣھצ֮ĶҲܹõĹŷɵ֡
ŷ׽٣ֲ
Źŷͷ֮ϵĿֲצҲ̲סĵһܹ֮̾ھצΪıʡ
񣬹ŷֻһʼǿֲھצɴҲԿŷʵԼǱŶôֲˡ

ʱ죬ٶȽ˵עɹļ˱Ǽǿֲھצھһĳ֮󣬿ʼŹŷȥ
ھצ޴󣬶ȻΪĿֲ֮ռƬƬıڵ޿ռ䣬ҪǾצɣֻܷ죬ھצû˿Ӱ졣


271 ʺ
ߣװŪ
ǳŭĶھצŷУȴһ˿ֲĹâ岻˷ھצӭȥ
ŷһҲͬһ㣬֮ƣһ˿˿Ļǡ
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һ˲ŷŭһ˫ȭ붯񱩵һ㣬Ϯϣ˳Źŷȭͷھצӭȥ
顭
Ƭ֮һƵײ֮ϵĴݶֻŷȭͷ֮ռ䲻ϱѶֲܣ˿ھצ
쿴СӺֲȻצǸ˳ȥ˿ֲǰôδ˵ԶԷʵӦò֮˲Ŷԣ
ŷһȭھצԼ壬ҲȻ׹ȥ׵֮䣬ֱʱµһɽ壬˿쳾
쿴СҲȥһ£ȻצɣԼҲ˲ƣ
ǰֻǲ֪٣ǷȥĻСӣЩΣˣ
ŷ׹Щڹǳ֮ۿˣʱ̲סĿʼȻŷ֮ǰչ¶ʵѾ㹻ǿǶ˵ȻھצΪ
һԵĳۺͻƶҲ̲סһ˿֮ɫҲǰ㣬Ϊŷûл֮
Ͼŷźöƣûʩչأ

죬ٶԲ֮ϴݶǱǼǱŷƲھצٶֶһΣھצ֮󣬻һ쳣׳ֱۣ̽˳õգԽѹ˼֡
쿴צֳˣ٣ûйȥ
˻һΣǱһΣҪֲ֣Ҳ֪Сӣܲܵסһ
ҿЩԴʱ˵ѷ֮ǿߣ֮ǿߣЩԵֵСȻսҪצɲף
ǰû뵽ҵȾȻҼһ棬˵֮е٣ֻǿϧˣ
Ⱥ֮УһʼԼ༸Ǵ󲿷ֵˣΪŷ绹ܹһצϾʱĹŷ磬ûг˵ãѾҲһ
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ǽļٷ䣬һӰҲǹսھצӭȥ֣û˿˵ļ
գ֮䣬ھצڰ֮ײǣײȻûа취˿죬Ƭأƶǹİ
ֹõ˵࣬Ǹžֱܵ˼㣬һЩߣɫǱɷ
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ǰֻǲ֪һΣ˭ǿ˭
Ⱥ֮УͷԲڵĹŷĿֲٶһµʶ׷̲סĵһ
ƣƣƣ
ʱŷٶȴһ֮ɫǽ⣬Ȼâʢ˾ķ֣ǽھצĺ˳ȥٶȺƲ֮С
ʱŷɫҲһ˿԰֮ɫھצʵǿֲǻˣ£治һܹȵĹ
ڣӦò˰ɣ
ŷƮƮն̧ͷͷ֮ϲϷƲ㣬һ˿Ц⣬죬Ҳܺͳһֱӿѷ֮֮Ҳ˵
ȹô
Ⱥ֮Уžþûжƣһ˿Ȼ֮ɫڿŷ磬ЦҡͷãԼûйŷǰʵ
Ӧù˰ɣ
ۺͻƶˣҲ̲ס΢΢˿һ˿Ц⣬ȻȽ֮ǹŷ磬еĽţ˿عŷٶ١
Ǻǣ٣ԤߣҢۣһ£ûʲô˵˰ɣ
ǸոպҢﲻԵӰʱ̲סһЦĿ⣬ҢϣУȴһ˿֮⡣
ߡ
ҢһûжԣҲ֪˵̫࣬˵ãЩһĻɣֻŷʵЩԤϡ
գԽҪ
Ң۵У̲סһЦ̧ͷɢȥƵƣһ˿â
ţ
֮ˣƺܵʲôĿƳһҢۣȴûж˵ʲôֻ۵ȴһ˿
Ǻ֣
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ȻŷոЩ뷨û׼һڹ⣬Ǻ֮з˹ŷͷ֮ϡ
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ЩħֻͶˣ֮һֱûг֣ӦþǵҶȽ֮ʣң
Լͷ֮ϵӰŷüͷ΢΢׽Ѿȹֻƻɢȥ̥ɾѷ֮
û뵽ؼʱ̣ȻͻȻħȱʣȴǹŷʼϲģѵԷԼ
ŷ΢΢ҡͷЩ֪ĿǰҪģȽǰѹ˵
䣡䣡䣡
ڹŷЩ뷨ʱ֮УѾٶȿʼһƵ죬ô˵ͷ
쿴ƣȻٶȻңȸտʼҪŨ࣡
ӦǷʲôʲŶԣѵǸղЦĹ
Ⱥ֮Уʼٶ׷ײ²ԭί
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ͻȻֵħһ壬õЩԶ۲ŷҢۼˣʱ̲ס΢΢һ㶣źâ˸
ħһ֮䣬ǣġ
˭ûע⵽Ңۣڼħ֮ȴһ˿Ц֮ɫ̧һ˿ĽŲҲٶϢķŻԭء
ħЩĶô׷
ȻֵҵħۺͻƶҲ΢΢һ㶣󣬳۵УһâֻΪ֮׽٣Ŷôֲŷ֣һЩΣա
ƶȥסħŹŷˣ
Ƭ֮󣬿ԽԽƣ̲סĶԵĻƶ˵һƶͷŽŲһסħ
ɱɱɱ
ȻʱһȣȻݶ˱Ǿķ֣һŷ籩ԶٵӶħ࣬û˿ĳɵģǳħϯ˹ȥ
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ͻȻֵķ籩ۺͻƶһۣû뵽ʱ̣ǲսȻ֣ô˵ս֣ܹϵסħˡ


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ߣ˲ˣĶ
ͻȻֵսõ֮дһ֮Ʒû˿ηģս˹ȥ֮䣬ǱҵĹ
û뵽սʱ֣ãǱסطñЩħ룡
սסħ۵УҲ΢΢˿ͻƶ·ػ˹ŷߣֹʷ
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ʱĹŷ磬ٶͦͷ죬˫Ŀ֮Уսӿǲɫ̲סľ̾
ΧһУŷȻֻ֪ʱȴǸΪֻܽۺͻƶȻĻ׽٣ֽҪ䣬ʱ򣬾ŷҲ޷ƽȹ
䣡䣡䣡
֮ϣֻھצϻ裬˺Ʋ㣬һȻ֣ȻУǹŷüͷһ˿֮ɫ

ŷɫѿ³֣֮ȻǴ˵֮еһֲã׽٣أԭȻһ
ش٣˲ٿҲһ
ŷ۾΢΢У֮ͫһ˿ɫУȴ̲ס˾κˣǰ㣬ٿش֮ˣֽǺεȿֲ
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ʱһ촫󣬹ŷǷ֣ͷ֮ϵֻھצͬʱ¿ѹ£ڵƬ֮ϣһɫâ˸ȻǺɫ׵硣
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ŷ쳤Х裬нâһһ⣬𣬳ֻھצնȥ
ǵ⣬תģŲͬԵķâ˸ŹÿתһȦǽķâٶǿһ֣󣬾ŽھצѹƶµͷνѸ͡
һУȻǹŷнƣнƣ̺Уսĳ֮ŷΪнƣûٻѹ
˴ʱŹŷʵԽӵнƵ⣬ҲԽĿֲǴʱѾԳһơ
ǵǸʱǱн򣬵սƾ֮۰֮ģĹŷ磬ȻûдﵽսǸ̶ȣҲѾࡣ
ৡ
ԽɴСһգ֮䣬ǽǵһֻھצնϣѿ롣
ھצһնΣû˿ͣ٣һֻھצӭȥûģһΪǵֻֻ
ֲھצԽڳκһ˺ѣǣȴǱŷһƵɴҲԿŷһŶôˡ
ңҪǣŷһֻھצնϣǽ⣬ȴ˿ƣԽ˼֣˾Ŀ֮Уƣ׵
𡭡
ֱʣһĪѹ֮ϣƱŷһնϣһǧɴСĺɫҲǳ׵ı¶ǰ
ʱֻɫأ޴˫ĿݺݵĶŹŷ磬У̺ǿҵɱֻǺɫʱֻצȴǱŷնȥżҵζ
˻
Ⱥ֮У˿ĺɫ̲סĵһ֮УŨŨ֮ɫ
˴˵֮еޣ壬ײУȴǿޱȣ˵أħʱһ޳ǰôܹ𺳡
˵ȺʱĹŷ磬ǰǾޣ֮УҲǳŨŨ֮ɫΪھ֮£ǿֲѹȣȴܹᡣ
ٺ٣Ԥ֮ˣδܹ֮նСڵֻצֻ£˽ٹ󣬴ӵʵٶȱʱ򣬿»ӵĿ£
ԶЩʮӰ֮У̲סЦƺϵĺŲǳĹϵ
õùŷ˵Ļ֮˵ãлӵ𾪡
ߣʲô˴䣬϶ҪӳȫˣСӣܻܲ˵Ԥ֮ˣˣҲǰ״𣿡
ҢΪĮĺߺһõ༸Ӱнһ˿ŭɫҢۣƺǳҪˡ
£һ˲䲻ȵļĪǣҢϣԤܹ֮𣿡
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Ңɫһȴ˲ס΢΢һԼֵ̫쳣ȴûţΪ壬ôܻϣԤֻҲΪСԤ֮˰ˣ
ٺ٣ҢۣĪʹйʲôԩ𣬲ȻĻΪƽʱ˲һ˰˼Ц
ߣҺܹʲôԩ𣬲ֻϣҪǵĴ£
ҢɫЩƵ˵
ٺ٣ϣ˵һɣȻĻôЩϼһɲǰ裡
ҲǺõЦһ֮䣬˼
ˣҪˣ
Ңɫһ˵ЩʲôһϺȻвʣȴҲֻס죬еɫȴԽ˼֣ģһ˿ɱӿ
ڣȲܶԷǲԤ֮ˣĿǰҪıǣħˣҪȥƻǸСһȽ٣
ǵϵٶõȽ΢΢˵ͷһ˿֮ɫոգħƤӵ³룬ȴõΪˬ
໡
ֱ֮Ʋ񷣬ǺȻڶ壬Źŷ縩£޴һţһħ棬Źŷֶ
ħ棬ȻΪĿֲ֮ռ䣬ǸճһƬޣ֮ħħ棬֪Ҫֲ϶١
ȵϢõĹŷоһ̣Ƥƺһ˿ѿļ촽ѡ
ˮ
ŷһ˿Ȼ֪ԼڵʵԶԿħ棬һȡ

Źŷ£󣬶ʱһƬ֣Ƭӿǽħĳȸݣɹ赲õĹŷУ΢΢˿
ŷ綯õģȻˮ֮Դˮ֮Դˮ۶ɣڻˮˮǺħȻȴɲвˮ֮Դ
Ͼ֮٣شٶѣش٣ƣǱԴ֮ǳ֮ڣȻ˲
ŷ磬ȻԴ֮ȴٷ֮һӲȻĻ˵֮ǿߣЩûв֣ͨҲһĶ֡
ףԴ֮
ԶۿʮӰŷ綯˱Դ֮ʱ̲סķһȻû뵽ԹŷǰʵܵĶһԴ֮
СһԽԽ˼ˣĳЩˣҲҪ˲סˣ
Ǿһˣ΢΢һ̾ĿⲻɨһҢۣջĿ⣬¡
ʱҢۣҲȷǼΪĲƽ˫ĿĶŹŷ磬йâ˸֪Щʲô
ֹ
ȻʱŷһȴǸµĺǺȻԭأͬȻһ㡣
ѵõĻᣬŷȻûзŹĵһ˿âһƻ磬ӶǺϯȥ
ƻ磬ʼΪСʱϨһ㣬ǣܿģƻ磬Ƿĳɳңħ棬Ǹȫɶ׳ż
ֻƬʱ䣬ƻ磬ǱһƬ𺣣ˮ֮ϡ


273 ֲǿ
ȥ
ŷָһ㣬ʱ䣬һ󷭹һ泤ʱϯźӶȥ
𡭡
αסĺʱŭһӡ͸ռ䣬ǽŷľֹǸ˿Ǻβһ˦泤һٻǡ
ȥȥȥ
ȻԼľֹŷУҲһ˿֮ɫָ㶯ʱ䣬һĻ泤ϵӶǺƶȥҪ̲
쳤ХβڶҪѻ泤ǹŷĻĻᣬٶʩչ˾ֹԭء
ȻܹѹŷĿռŷȴҲ⣬Ҫģֻסһ˲䣬ʱ򣬺סûκεΣա
ȻһΣźֹӵȥգ֮䣬ǳ׵׵ıһʹ֮ϴݶ
ȥɣ𣡡
ŷɫƽû˿Ĳһʱ䣬ǺǱû³
һȻͬʱӵԴ֮
ʮӰŹŷǰĻ𺣣ɫֲͬ뷨ҢۣĿԽıΪڣŷ磬ѾǳԤϣһ˿вĸо
Դ֮ħ֮⣬֮ˣҲֻһʵˣҲ޷ͬʱƿΪõܱԴ֮ķɣˣɥȻкܶ˳Թȴûһܹɹ
ʱǰһͬʱԴ֮Сһǵ֪һϢ˿Դ֮ġ
䡭
ʱսħսҲǵ˰ȻĽ׶ΣһƵײ֮ϵĴݶ
ħ֮ǿ󣬶óһЩ깥ս֮ͬ£˼գȫֶΪְˣȴ˭Ҳκβ˭ֻսƽ֡
ֻȻսƽ֣ħУȴȻƽΪŷѾǳ׵ĽǺѹƣʱɱҲζţŷ磬пܻȹ˴εش١
ŷ籾Ѿ㹻ֲǱ¶ԴǶȽֻ֮ħһħ֮⣬֮ˣͲǹŷĶˡ
ңŷֱܹԴ֮˵ãпܻħӰ죬һεǧ٣
ֻսסҪٸŷһѾҲˡ
𡭡
һĲҽ֮ϵԻ֮дݶͷƤ飬ЩһʼҪŷˣʱľ֡
ŷ磬ʵֲ̫ˡ
ҲкܶˣĿ¶̰֮ɫΪŷչ¶챦ʵ̫ǿˣܹõ֮䣬ηκˡ
ֻЩ˿µ֪ŷչ¶ģɲʲô챦ǳ֮ڵıԴ֮ңԶҲͬʱõȻĻֻ³
СһˣŹɣ
ʱһƮȻս֮쳹ڶߣȴΪңԶ
ǿˣû뵽ˣ
翵ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬Զʮ͸Ӱȴһ˲ɫ䣬У˸ŨŨľ֮ɫ
Ȼ翵ǣǼΪϤ
ǰ˭һ
ŷʺһڷû˿Ҫļ
ǺǣǸִŵСһҲա
֮У翵΢΢һ̾󣬹ŷǷ֣һӰͻأĳߡ
ǵӰһģüĿǳۣȻʵʵվڹŷǰǹŷȴãߣھңԶĵط
ɣ
΢΢һָƬ𺣣ʱ䣬ǻֹͣ˷ΪǱӰ˻𺣣һڹ⣬ߵС
ߣȻ˿ֲ
ŷоĪͻȻֵߣȻǼΪֲĴڣԴ֮޷赲ͬʱߵĳ֣Ҳ֤ʵ֮ǰĲ²⡣
ش٣Ȼƿأˣпܣվǰߡ
ŷĿ˸Ҳ⣬΢΢һЦСһͿҵϣһοɺã
ȻǰˣԵӣ
ŷ΢΢һȴǿЦֲߣ˵
ŷģߵУȴһ˿΢ЦҲδԣĿ⻺ƶħϣУһ˿֮ɫߵһȺ˵Ķɣ
ߵĻ£ŷ羪ķ֣һȻħϣǹͨڣһϢħϵһ˲䣬ħǳ׵ɢȥͬһ㣬ֲ쳣
ŷ۾΢΢һУаΪߵʵеֶ̾Σֻ¾ѰͨǿߣҲһܹ쵽˵ǱֻһֿܣߣǲĴڡ
ʵŷĲ²⣬ɲ֣ǿߣɲǲ͸ȻĻôƿشأ
ħ߱ٶȽĿ˹ŷϣЦСһ˴εǧ٣ϾҪˣúðλᣬұˣ
˵꣬ȹŷʣαͻأʧˣʱһŷͿκεĶߡ
᣿ʲô᣿
ŷüͷ΢壬̲סݣȻûƭĵӺ̸ȴһ㶼֪
ˡ
Ȼʱؼ䣬һصȻٵ˹ŷϣõڵƣٵ޸ţͬʱҲǿٵıĻ񣬽ֻһ˲䣬ͻƵԪתļޣѷ֮
ѷ֮ζűȥ̥ɾ壬ԺҲа
ֻŷ֮ǰֻ˵ȴ֪ʲôһָܣʱףΪνȥ̥ˡ
ֻģǸĳ֮£壬ǱԽʵˣңڵʣǱǹ׵ڵǱȴٶȱ˳
ѷ֮𣿹Ȼأ
ڵı仯ŷУҲ¶һ˿ϲɫһ̣Ĳı仯ԭĸǿ
ȻϲõеĹŷ磬ûз֣ʵѷ֮ȴûͣڱĻ
䡭
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷںһ죬󣬹ŷǷ֣ڣһǹĵõڿռ䣬Խ˼֣ƺֻҪһܹռ仨
ѵҲͳ´һֱӽ֮
ǿѹԵͷŷ̲סĵһеϲɫȴôҲڸǲס
쿴ǼһȽˣ
ƻɢһϯӰٶȱ¶˵УֱͦΣƲ񷡣
ʱĹŷ磬һһ㣬â¶ֻҪһ񣬶ܹգ̫
ŷ磬ûʲôɣ
ʱۺͻƶˣһ˹ŷԣһ˿Ц⡣
ûʲô
ŷ΢΢ҡҡͷĿ⻺ɨΧЦ뿪ɣ
á
ۺͻƶ˵ͷһԶӶȥգ֮䣬ûӰ


274 ټ
ŹŷȽٵĻսһεĳЩǰսѰߣҲͷսҴܣϣܹһЩˡ
ЩҪùŷϱǿߣھõûн֮ĵ뿪ˡ
ŷƶԼˣǼڹǳ֮дĬĬǿԼʵϾҲ֪ս֮пᣬҪʤǿ߷õǸʵҪԡ
ৡ
һ⣬ͻأ֣֮һתϢֱӽһǽȥһѹм
ǲУ򣬻һ˿࣡
Ƭ֮һε̾Ϣ֮һӰ֣¶һŸգȻǹŷɡ
Ӷȹ٣ʵ֮󣬹ŷǽ󲿷ֵľǷ˸֮ϣϣܹ
֮ǿߣѾܹӵԼˣǣÿһ֮ǿߣܹӵԼ⣬Ҫ츳ԼŲɷָĹϵ
ŷ磬ǽнƣΪͻƿڣսʼ֮֮ƣȻҲҪֲⷽǡ
ңսҲ޲ڣɴ˱ܹó򣬶ȻǼΪģǿ
ֻ򣬱֮֮ƣҪӵĸĪ⣬ƮҪգɲ򵥣ˣǹŷͷޣҲû˿Ľչ
Ǹ뿪ʱˣ̫ͳҪ򣬿ҪһЩޣûκεЧ
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬һ˿˼ɫҲ֮ʵսѾԱЩҪɱ˶ᱦҲܳɹ
οĵǱԴ֮ñԴ֮ͨ£û˻Ķ֣Ҳ˵սͲΣգӡħЩһǿ˵ãв
ңŷûǣﻹһණܹвǱ飬ͨȻ޷вһЩ飬Ǳ˵׼ˡ
񣬽ųǵǿڣȻûм£Զвˡ
͡
ȻʱһƷ֮Ȼ쳹õĹŷͫף΢΢һһ˿䱸ɫ󣬿ˡ
һ飬ңһ쳣ǿ顣
ǽйŷɣ
ɫƽޱ飬ĶŹŷһǹŷ֣ȴõ࣬ݺݵ
ս֮󣬴δ¶Լݣ˵˳ۺͻƶûֲ֪ŶԣǶԷô֪ģ
𾪹𾪣ŷ绹ǵĵ˵ͷʵұǹŷ磬˭ʲô飿
ǳŷһ죬߰ɣ
ǵ˵һҲûʹŷͬͬ⣬ǾֱתԶȥ
Īǳǵĳ
ԶȥӰŷüͷȴ̲ס壬һ˿ԥ֮ɫǳǵĳģŷȻûмУȴһֱ൱ɵģΪ㲻룬Ҳܹһųǵ飬ôֲˡ
ҲΪʲôŷڽǳ֮㰲ؼԵʣԴӰսһ֮ۡ󣬹ŷûҹЩ鷳ĿģΪ˲Щֲڵ⣬ԷȻѾ⵹ˡ
ԺͷƬ֮󣬹ŷ绹ǾǰȥһǳǵĳǺε
ҡͷЦһŷһǳ׷ȥƺҲܵ˹ŷϢٶȻӿ죬ĳһλȥ
ڼ㾰֮󣬹ŷԽĿЦѣȻո飬ڵڼලǲȥĻԷʹˡ
ʱ䲻˱һΰĸۡǰۡȻͬа׹ǱŷռۡҪ̫ˡ
һ·󣬹ŷ飬һģĽ֮ǰ˹ŷ磬Լȥ
˿ǰΪϵĴŷһ˴֮С
䡭
ڹŷһ˲䣬һɼΪǿƣǳֲˣֱõһ㵹˳ȥ
ŷҲǳˣͬһӿǹĪƣֵԼ壬ҲĿ⣬Ŵ֮пȥ
ڴ֮УʮӰʮӰν͸Ȼ飬ڴ룬һλģӣ·ֱӰʱĶŹŷ硣
⼸ˣֲһˣҪսֲ
ĿЩӰɨһۣŷбһȻȻ֪Ǵʱһŷ緢֣Լǵ͹ʵ
ˣҢۣջưɣ
ʱһϵ𣬶󣬹ŷǸоѹϵƣȻһʧ٣õĹŷ磬̲ס˿
ٺ٣Ңۣ˰ɣ
һ䲻ȵʱŷĿ֮ȥǷ֣˵֮ˣһλ췢ߣһ˿֮⡣
ţЩһƺҲ·أ
ŷа̾һ˸ȴǲ֪Щʲô
ߣֻѹȶѣ˵ʲô
ҢΪмһʹ֮Уŷоһ˿⣬˸ֻ˲䣬ǺѾʧˡ
ˣƺЩأ
ŷ翴Ңһۣüͷ΢΢£ո֪ЩˣʲôӪĿǰǺ췢ߣӦվһģҢۣô
ֻǣõĹŷɻǣЩһԼΪ£ѵֻΪԼһǵƣ
ƺûô򵥰ɣ
ˣҪˣ˵ԸǶҪӣ
ڹŷתʱλ֮ϵӣ̲ס˵һʱõҢۺǺ췢ߣǱ͡
ֻȻ˶ͣǱ飬ȴǽȻͬҢɫ췢ߣһ˿Ц⡣
ĪǣҲվں췢һͷģĻǽƺûʲôвˣ
˵ı飬ŷеóһۣһֱ񾭣Ҳ΢΢Щ˵Ľ䱸ŷûаи
ϾЩһʵֲ̫ˣοռƣҪ֣ɲô
λ֮ϵӿڣգһʱ֮˳ƵУеˣǽĿ⣬˹ŷϣùŷһë
ŷ磬ϵˣ
ڹŷҪܲסʱλ֮ϵӣŵڣŹŷʵ
ˣ
ŷüͷ̲ס΢΢һ壬ڶԷѾἰεˣŷȴû˿ӡ
ʶˣ࣬еļϼһ֮⣬˾ͽʵˣǾ˾ͽʵʵҲȻܻᱻЩἰġ
ңЩ˶˵̬ŷܹ֣Щˣƺˣǳء
ңԷƺҲǺйأֻǣˣŷ˵ʶˣû
뵽ŷʵҡҡͷЦʶˣ
ߣ㿴˵ʲôţ֪СӲǣ˶ʶôǴ˵֮еԤߣ
ŷ绰ո£Ң۵ٶĹŷüͷֱ塣
Ԥߣʲô
ҢԤߣӵĲף֪һʲôݣŷϻ֪ЩĿģƺЩΪʲôԤߡ
ֻԤ߾ʲôݣǺǻŷȴһҲ֪
Щ˵ıԤߣƺǼΪҪ


275 뿪ǳ
ˣҪ˵ˣǲǣԻǶȥɣҲ³ȥɣ
λ֮ϵ΢΢˻֣õĹŷ΢˿Ϊĸһǿٵ뿪˳
صŷԼڵǴ֮ۡ󣬹ŷûκεֱͣҵ˳ۺͻƶһ˸ۡŹǳȥ
˵ڳŷûܵʲôвֱֻ½󣬻鷳ԣżææĴųۺͻƶŹǳ֮ȥ
ֻһõĹŷΪ죬ζҪ뿪ŷ磬ǺЩ飬ٲһսˣ˭֪һ·ϣûһ飬˳ĳ˹ǳǣͬǳ֮еЩ飬Ա˵һ㡣
Ȼɻ󣬲ŷҲδȥֻ̫࣬Ҫܹȫ뿪ǳǱá
ȻõĹŷ粻֪ǣոճ˹ǳûжãһӰǳŹŷ֮ǰڵĸۡ˹ȥ
ЩӰȫ͸Ȼȫ顣
Щ棬һˣŷʶڴ֮У¶Ңۡ
ǹŷһܹΪʵһĻ
ʲôһ˶ûУ
ҢµĻ㱨ɫɵȥմӴ֮ĵ㽫ŷֱ
û뵽ŷҪ飬Ѿˣһա
Ŭѹͷķŭ˼Ƭ֮Ңۻ˵ˣ϶ĵĳˣǸϿȥ׷ҵ֮󣬲Ҫݾߣ֪ͨң
ǣȥ죡
˹ӦһͬŹǳ֮˳ȥ
ߣҿܵȥ
Ңɫһתֱʧ
ȻҢ۵θոʧ֮󲻾ãովĵطǳʮӰǹŷٴεĻһϵЩӰΪЩӰȻǳ֮еЩӰΨһҢۡ
ҢǱǣ࣡
֮󣬺췢΢΢Щ̾Ϣ˵һ֮ˣҲǷ׷̾Ϣһϣһ˿֮ɫ
뵱꣬ĸ˲պգֻ֮ϧһɿݹǣ˭
ҲĬĬķԼǽ챾ɣ
߰ɣ
֮̾һٶʧ񣬴ûгֹһ㣬ҢۣҲ֪һ٣Ѿ֮С
˳˹ǳǣŷ˲δֱͣǼԶȥԼСͣ΢ɡ
ŷ磬ʲô飬ΪҪ뿪
ʱŽеʣ˳һԵĻƶҲǽĿ⣬˹ŷϡ
ȻǸ˹ŷ㹻Σеĺ棬ȴ⡣
ŷһЦ죬ǳ֮еĳټˣЩˣֲ̫ˣе⣬ԣұ뿪ˣ
ʲôˣ
ŷĻۺжʱһȻͲ²Źǳ֮УӦһǿǵŷ׿˵ʱ൱𾪡
󣬹ŷǽԼڳ֮еţǺͳԼƶ˵һ飬Ҳüͷɻ
ļʱ䵱У˲ûжͣսȥһ·ϣҲ˲ߣЩߣ󶼲ʶŷˣ㼫ʶģҲǱŷɱ
ң˹ǳ֮˶Щ飬Ҳû֣һɱһȫԼʵϡ
һգŷһɽ֮ͣϢһڶ·ھŷ˲ԶһӰȴڿٵĳŹŷڵķӽš
һӰȻһ·ӹǳ֮׷϶Ң۵¡
ʵЩˣûйŷȷ٣ЩΪ飬Ȼܹ鹵ͨԣһ·׷ٶ
ͳˣ˵жϰߣҹӦñڲԶϢҪҪֱӹȥ£
ʱһܵǰ棬ָָָԶ󣬶ǰͷ֮ʵ
ҪҢ۴ѾԸˣҵǣ֪ͨҢ۴˱Уģ㲻ֵܹģ
ǱΪͳ΢΢ҡҡͷŵĿǰҪǣȷˣڲǴɽ֮У
ãͳˣ飬㽻°ɣ
˵һͳͷȥ׼ˣʱ䲻飬˶飬ŹŷڵǴɽȣ˹ȥ
ţˣ
ŷϥ˫΢գȴûн״̬֮УֻǼ򵥵ıĿ񣬱Ͼɲȫ
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ܿ죬һƺƵıǳˣŷˣȴĵĳһ˿ɫĸЩ档
˵ߣŷȴǴûȲ˵ܲ˳ߣˣֻԶԷԸҲ׷ȥʤһԽЩȫҲøԷһ档
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277 ȫ£
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һˣңңվԶ̸ЦˣȻǹŷˣһˣȴ죬ŷύġ
֮ԿύΪԷһͷħŷΪ˴У׳һЩϢ
Ȼ֮ǰȥɽ֮Ըܹȷӡһͷµħһ˿й¶ϢҸеѹȣ
ǱŷΪֵħͷӦһģǿ϶
ŶΪλԸڴ˵أѵħͷȻӳ𣿡
ŷüǰ뿪Ц˵
ħͷӡţôܻȻң˵ƺűٺ٣㶮ģ
ŷΪֵħٺһЦȴһ˿ЦĻ֪ѾͶ˵ֻһЩ̰֮ˣж֣ƿǷӡ
ôѵ㲻ı˵ãЩǰӵǵõսǳɱǣ
ǺǣҲȻЩȤģ
ŷһЦͷȴԽ˼֣ҲܹˣӦñǷӡһͷħЩħǵȥƻˣĿģƱΪȺǷӡħͷӳ졣
ħһΪԼ֣ŷȴǲ̫ףӡħʲôưɣ
ļ죬ߣԴԴϵĻţ˺ѾһСǰ㣬УΪ֡
ļ࣬һЩìĦҲǲɱ⣬ܶˣǴ֣ȴҲûеƴĵز
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ڼ䣬ŷˣҲ˲ٵƣЩûµļһŷûа飬ֱɱߣǷϵΪ
ߵĲϻۣȺ֮УҲǽʧȥһЩģܶˣҪɽһ̽
ΪԽ࣬ǱζţľҲԽǵõĻᣬҲԽСǶԸ⿴ġ
ǣ˭Ըһȥǰ䣬ȴԥˣǾͲԸԼһϣΣգֲԸñ˵һϣΪ±ﱻ˶ߣˣһֱ


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Ȼħһǧ࣬ΪƭЩȥ
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ʱ˾ĵĲҽУȻõĹŷĿһǼЩɽˣʱ类˾һ㣬̼䣬ǻһѿݹǡ
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һ㵭ĹĻŷУһ˿֮ɫһʱ򣬱ǸоΪϤϢһϢħϢһϢǱԴ֮Ϣ
Դ֮ħһ壬żĿãѹЩħԴ֮õĶʱѹͷħģ֮Դ

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ŷǰ̤һʶ֪ʱվʱˣΪʲôħӰ֡
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ǰҿ˰ɣ
ŹŷԽѹֵƣкݺݲ˲Ըǹŷ磬ʵ
ߣ
ŷһɷЩˣʵǿɶ֮ǰѾ׷ɱ˹ŷ˺ܳʱ䣬󲻵֮£ӽ˹ǳǡ
ңΪ˹ǳǣЩ׷ɱ˵һУǰЩ͡
ʵǿһЩ£ѾɥȪĶ˱ǵҲգˣûκεıЩˣȴǲԸǸģҪϵܡ
ˣЩˣŷȴû˿ͬ飬еģֻĺ⡣
ҲΪʲôħ۵ʱ򣬹ŷ粻ԸЩ˵

ɷӿŷһֱȣ˹ȥ˲䣬ǽ˳׵ɱȥ
ԹŷʵɱԷֶòϣ˵ʬ壬ŷһӿٶȣǰЩ׷ȥ
Ϊ֪Щ׷ɱǻƶͳۣԣе֮£ŷֱǽٶȣ״̬֮ϣ˵Ӱ
ৡ
һ⣬ʱ˲佫˳Խ˹ȥ
쿴˺ÿٶȣҲΪϵرȥģ
ҲüӿһЩٶˣȻĻ¾ûʲôˡ
о̾һ׷׽ϿٶȣҪͱ֮һЩ룬ܹһЩô
͡
ȻʱȻһ٣ͷ֮ϣһѪӣ˵Ŀ⣬ʧȥɫʣŵ֮ȥ
ɱˣһӰ𽥸֣ȻǹŷɣԴ΢΢̧һ۸ոջʵ⣬ɫԽ
󣬹ŷμǰ׷ȥ
ʱȺǰӰУٵĳǰӶȥˣȻǻƶͳۡ
ΪưΧܹ˦Щ˵׷ɱû뵽˲û˦Щ˵׷ɱ˸ˣЩʼδġ
ңżˣʵǿ󣬾ܹӦǼˣǱضҲᱻסʱ򣬱Χо죬Ҳö
ƶ׷סǣϿߣȥҹŷ磡
ԽԽȺ۳Żƶ˵һ֪죬Ҫ˳ߣǲ̫ˣֻһЩˣһˣпܻգǸصˣпܣɥڴˡ
ԣǸصˣֻˡ
´磬Ȼߣסǣһһ˿ߵİգ
ƶȴ΢΢ҡҡͷЩᶨ˵Ҳ֪汻סˣ⿪ڷӡŵҲȻǲӡ
ϾΧǵ̫ˣңʱƣڲϵš
УߣǷŷѾ̫ˣǽ컹ҪԺ󣬻ôԹŷ磬ԣұ
쳣ķ˻ƶ˵㲻˵ŷ֮ĹϵʱͻƶദҲѾǳ˺ܺõѣӱֱûƶ¶Ϻ󣬾챣һҲȻһ
ңĽᣬֻ£ԺɾͣҲֹֻڴˡ
´磬Ȳ˵Щˣ׷˵ɣ
ƶҡҡͷһۣٶȽٶһ˿ǰӶȥ
Ⱥ棬һӰˣһѾֳ֮ϣ׹ΪĲ
ʱ׹ľֳ֮ϣȴǲϵѪ䣬ĵͷƤ顣
ӰȻǹŷɣŷ磬һֱǴȺ棬ˣЩԽˣѾС
ңԽԽԽ࣬У֪ʱѾóһѾֳոգеľֳһɱԪתĸ֡
Ŀ֮͸ɷŷüͷȴ΢Ϊ֣ȺԽԽܼտʼʱЩߣֻһǵڣЩٶ൱ˣѾʮ˸һҪЩ˿ɱĻһЩֽš
Щ˼ȻҪõƶϵıǽ죬㶼Ҫ
ŷһɱ֮ˣ죬ŭˣ׷ɱۺͻƶŷʵǲǳۺͻƶЩ˵Уʲôĺ
ЩˣܹŹƶͳ
𰸣ȻǷ񶨵ģΪƶͳ۸ò˵ıԣֻ
ԴԼĵˣŷʱһ·׷ɱˣȫĵˡ
ɱ
һɱԺ֮бȶŷǰǰ漸ɱȥ
͡
貣Ѫһ
Ȼ˱ŷһɱһΣȴŰûбŷɱʱΪ䱸ĶŹŷ硣
Ҫʲô֮䣬ƺûʲôԹɣ
ЩԶԶ˺͹ŷ֮ľ룬һˣЩõʵΪһ˲ĵ飬Ǳò׵̵ľ룬ȴٶȱˣңԭ
ɱ
Щ˵ĺʣŷȴǸôֱɱ³Щ˳˹ȥнʣİˣ˹ȥ

ŷͻȻĶõǰˣʱ׷ױһ׹Ȼû뵽ŷ羹ȻһԲֱǳǺɱֱĪ
Źŷӿŵɱ⣬˿ǲ˿Ĵ⣬Ͼŷ֮ʵǣʵģҲԪתѡ
Ĳ࣬ǻĴĻɺɡ
£ҲǸʩͨ׷׽ԼΪʽʩչ˳Źŷ˹ȥ
ȻŷȴǸͲƣ԰˵ĹͲǣĶ֮䣬ƾ˵ĹϣԼһ滮˰˵ĲӣĨ˰˵
ȿȡ
һнȫŷҲǾҵĿ˼Ǽ˵ĹȻܶ˺ҲõһЩơ
һŷ֮Դʼٵζ޸ڵơ
ϵƣŷû˿ֱͣٶǰ׷ȥ
öñԴ֮ˣ
ŷһ߼ӣУһͷת˼ŽɱЩˣոգŷһԣʮˣһΣ˵ãǻʮˣʱҪڶʱڽȫɲһ򵥵顣
˵ȷһõķЩһɱõķĪڶñԴ֮
֮ԴɱһУˮ֮Դվֹ֮Դ죬ֱԴǿԽЩɱ
ǣ֮Դ̫󣬶֮ԴûгƿأҶҲСԣˮ֮ԴΪʵġ
ȻĻһЩ˷Դ֮£ͲЩ׷ɱˣЩ֮ͨϹήıԴ֮
ԣۺϿǣˮ֮ԴΪʵģױ¶
Ȼˮ֮Դû̫ǿĹܹ˶סҲһɱУֻҪٹ죬һ˲䣬ЩȫɱҲʲôܵ顣
˼ƽϣŷٶȣԽļӿ˲٣ǰ׷ȥ
һʱ֮䣬һֵ֧Ķ飬һЩΪȤ顣
ǰ棬ûӴܣƴģҪ˸˦
Ǻ棬Щȴʹ˳̵źǰ˵ľ롣
Ⱥ棬һˣϵɱ¾ֳһ֮һ⣬ЩˣȫɥС
ֽҲˣЩ׷ȺȻʱ˼뵽׷ɱеУȺĿȴǿʼ
Ϊɱ¾ٶȣÿ졣
һУЩǰȺȴͲ֪ۺͻƶˣҲ֪ҪѰҵĹŷ磬Ͳǰ棬ǣ˺棬ϵİǽѹ
ŷĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿǲϵɱ¾ļȺΪԽ٣ǻƶͳ۵ѹҲԽ١


286 Ӱ
УٶȻǲ죬ȥĻܹɱ㣬ɾҪ̫ˣϾԽǵ棬Щ˵ٶȣɾԽ졣
ŷһ·ۣѾǽٶȣӵһޣǣЩŷȴǲ̫⣬Ϊӽʮɱ֮󣬹ŷѾʮӣûȺˣǾ˵Щ˵ٶȣԽԽˡ
ŷаȴǿԼ侲еľȫе˫֮ϣ˶ͼԼٶȣܹٿһЩ
УӰѾ˼£ȻԼʵܹõٶԽԽ죬ȴҲվһޣ
Ƭ֮󣬹ŷֳԣ޹õĹŷ簵ҡͷȴҲûзаܹӰһһױȻӰӸ߼似ٶȣȻӵĿݣ
似ŷ֮ǰйִ㣬Ͼ֮ʵһЩ似Ҳ̫ѣֻǣҪһ¾ʹȴѶȼ
ڳһ;Ҳʵûİ취
ĳȫ˸֮С
ٶԽ죬ܵҲԽЩٷ֮ʮǿܽЩȫųҵٶȣȻᱩǰٱֹ
ŷͷתڤڤУƺץסһЩؼȻ뵽һ飬Ǳ˺ѿռУҪ·ٶȣ࣬˵ã֮ûп谭ٶȴӡ
ս֮еĿռΪ죬˺ѲҪƿնУͲܡ
ȻܣǾֻ취ųˡ
ǣпڣңٶԽ죬ҲԽΪٶ̫죬ѹ̫γ˾磬谭ǰС
磬磬ǱܹܵЩܹõΪãӿҵٶȣ
뵽ŷԽļУһ˿˸֪Ѿһܺõĸ򣬽Ҫˡ
磬޴ڣɫΣ㱾ûз磬ֻҪƶˣǱҲ磡
ΣȴڣһзǰǷķ򣬱ܹõͬǰǱ߲谭
ŷԺ֮УԽԽͷתҲԽԽ죬ģƺץһЩʲô
磬Σ԰ѿأΣȻҲܹƿأôҾͰεķ磬תεķ磡
ŷ˵ʼԣ磬ΣǼעһЩڵôˣֻҪˣȻҲͿƿˡ
ŷָӶӿʱ䣬֣ǰЩ谭ķ磬˵ǿһ׶״ԭӵĴʮֹ
ȷʵõĹŷԽļ֤Ĳ룬ȷġ
Ȼȷģô뷨ʵ֡
뵽ŷϵɢǰĿŪһ״ķ磬ŷ磬ǿʼŸıЩ״ķķ
һΣŷ緢֣ʧˣûܳɹ
˵ʧˣǹŷҲһȤǾǣЩ״ķ磬Ȼ޷ı䷽򣬵ȴǿԶȥܷ谭
ৡ
Ȼ䣬ŷ緢֣ٶȣʼһ
ŹŷԷƿԽϤٶȣҲԽԽݣŷٶȱǵԭʮ֮ʱһȺˣʮˡ
һΣŷȴЩԾԾԣ£Ҳϻֱʩչ˿ռ侲ֹЩ˶ԭأŷ磬ͬһһ㣬ʮǰһٶ֮죬ֱȡ
ŷ뿪֮ʮˣξͬʱһӴһѪӣȫĳ·ȥ
һʮˣȫ
ǹŷսٶȿĿֲ
ǻǰŷܹЩȫסҲͶԲ˲佫ЩһɱΪûôٶȣɱˣܵҪʱɣ
ڣŷˣң
һЩȫɱŷû˿ͣǰӶȥͬʱҲǼĸŷɡ
һ֮󣬹ŷٶȣﵽԭĶʮһΣˣңǶʮһˣУһλѷ֮ĸ֣ҲǹŷЩУһѷ֮ǿߡ
һ̳ٶȣֱ쵽˼㣬һЩԪתǿߣ֣ԼѾҪ϶Էٶȡ
˻ʲôˣٶȺÿ죡
ˣʲôȼǿߣȻٶȣҷ֣ҶҪ϶ԷĽˣ
Щǰ׷ϵȺʱ׷׻عͷǺХӰͷǺݺݵĲ˲֮ɫ̫ˡ
ֹ
ȻЩ˷׷׾̾ŷٶ֮ʣۣԹŷһ¶ʱ䣬Щ˾ķ֣Լƺסˡ
ɱ
ɱ죬̳գ֮䣬̳ѾԶԶȥûӰԭأЩӰվԭأֱƬ֮ЩӰŷ׷״ӿ׹䣬˵ϣѾĲˡ
ԭأһЩûвμӵ׷еߣǴӿ׹Ӱͷһ˿֮ɫ̧ͷ죬̳Ѿʧˡ
˵ˣʲôȼǿߣٶȣÿ£
Ҳֻ֪£кܿǴ˵֮еͨǿߣΪֻͨôµٶȣ
ţͨǿߣǿ£
һԸӣŹŷʧӰ̸ţе𺳣ȴǾþ޷ɢ
Ҳ֪Щ׷ɱʲôˣڿЩҪùˣ
һЩˣв֪һͷ󰵰ҡͷæµԼ飬ҲһЩǲμӵ׷ɱ鵱еߣʱǳ׵ķ㣬Ϊˣʵֲ̫ˡ
ʮǿߣлһλѷ֮ĸ֣ȻһжӲסһУȫ飬˵ʵֲ̫ˣȴʵʵķǰ
Žٶȣԭֱţһ㣡
̳ŷлһƬ·Ǽٵ˵ĳȻ֣ԭԼֱͬţһ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
ĿǰҵٶȻݣȴԶԶûдﵽޣҵļٶȣܹԭİٱң⻹ҽֻܿ˿谭ΪãΪõĻҵٶȣֻ»ӵĿݣ
пٵЩ뷨ŷϤԼոʱأУžֹ³
ŷˣԽԽˣһΣʮ˵Ĵ飬ѾһУȫ
ս˵ȥûţȴġ
ȻˣҲЩʵ̫йϵʮ˽֮ʵֻ£סҪ˵Щȫɱˡ
ֹ
ŷٶ³ΣٶԶȥԭأ˼ʬ塣
˴ʱŷɱˣѾǲҪ٣ңȫԪתת֮ϵģսֱǺš
ˣЩ׷ɱ˵ģ֪Ŷأŷܹ϶ԻҪһ١
ʱһˣԹŷ˵Ѿû̫вˣȻǰ㹻ʱ䡣
ŷ粻֪ǣʱ䣬Ѿǲˡ
ȺǰӰ۶;һȻĻˡ
ʱƶѾǻ˱壬ϹŻۣ˻ƶĺ֮ϣԼԶԶϵע뵽ƶڣάŻƶġ
֮ǰȻٶȼ죬ɣ㱻׷ϣǴסԷûƶԼߵġ
ǻƶ˵ʲôҲϣ󣬻ƶ˱壬ٶȴų۱ܹһѡ
ʱƣЩ˺ͻƶ֮ľ룬ȴٶ˲٣˴ʱѾǲס
ƶΪ˱壬ٶȻݣȴʵֻ̫£ֻҪһα׷ϣˣҪӣҲӲˡ
Ϸͣ£
ʱһȣȻ쳹ֻٶģһλߣʱٶ͵һ룬̵˲ʮףһۣһɫ֣Żƶ˹ȥ


287 ŷĿֲ
ƶȫ·ｻң
ͻıʣõĹŷκȻվ˫Ŀ֮Уһķâ
䣬Ȼһת˫ȭͬʱ񱩵֮䣬ֱ޴ȭӰǻߵֺȥ
͡
Ȼһ̣۱ǺȻķ֣ɽȭڶԷ֮ϣֻǷһ΢죬ǳ׵ı˿
ȫһȻδƿԷһ֡
ãʵֲ̫ƶߣϺ󣡡
бһ˫֮ϣȻӿһƶ͵Զƶ£Ҳ΢˿һ̤ǻӭȥ
ٺ٣챦ϷԷȥ
йâϢȴǽųۣݵʱ䣬ЩǿߣѾȫ۸Χס
ϸϸһΧΧƶǿߣŰ˾ʮˣңĿڲӵġ
´硭
ƶһû뵽ۼȻʱߣȻʱΣգǶԷȴԽΣˡ
ߣҪ챦б¾ã
ŭŻߣ񱩵ʼӿһ˿֮ɫЩ޹׷ɱѾǱһڻʱô£ΣֱģԼŭ𣬾Ҫ̲ס緢
ߣ֪
߼ŷܾУʱһɱͷŶЦȻˣǽ죬ɣ
֮󣬻һһӰֱǳ˳ǰ󣬸ɿݵצ̽ų۵Ĳӿȥ
ȻԻߵıɱһȴû˿ܵĴ㣬׹ӿβˣ˫ȭͬʱ
ǣ۵˫ȫȴǶŻߵצȥǳŻߵؿڣ˹ȥǴһһ
˻һǷˣ
Ⱥ֮Уųƴļƣˣжǵһ۾΢΢Ϊ۴һΣյķš
ٺ٣ˣȻˣǻңҲƴ
ЦЩˣȴǲûд֣ϾۣΪǣ챦ᣬǹؼ
ĺ͹ŷܾˣǲٺòĽ
ߣϷһأ
ǲ͹ŷƴȻʵ֮ʵЩУΪҲԲǶһ޶һˣֻһ̣ɥ֮ʱ
ˣһȻתͻȻ䣬ˮһ㣬һŤǱܿ˳۵˫ȭƵ˳󣬶ץҲǺݺݵӡ˳۵ĺ󱳣ӿȻը졣
䡭
񱩵糱ˮһйõĳ۵ɫȻһףϣһ˿Ѫӿ壬̲סĳ˳ȥ
ৡ
Ȼڳε˵˲䣬ʮΪĹȻϮۣҪһɱ
۱ͱһˣˣֻĿʮȥ
´硭
ƶһĿ֮УŨŨĵ֮ɫ֣֮䣬Ҫų۳ȥǣոһʮӰΧȥ
ҹ
ʱĻƶ׵ŭˣΧһɹɻ棬ڣ󣬻ƶȻΣ˫ȭһӰʮ˺ȥ
顭
ʱ䣬ʮӰȫ˳ȥһЩʵСģڵ;УǺȻըѣһѪ
ȻȻɹĽʮΧߣǻƶΪ⿪˷ӡʱҲǳ˲ƣ԰ףأҪپȳۣѾˡ

Ȼʱһȣһ쳹˱Ƿ֣һ̳ٶȣֱѾǳԽ˼£֮ûпЩǳӰǰΪ졣
ŷ磿ˣ
˻֪⼱ٶӰ˭ǻƶȴһϤŷϢĿ֮Уһ˿Ц⣬ֻҪŷ֣ƶ;ãһεΣѾǳ׵Ľ
ǰˣҪ֮飬֮󣬶л
Ⱥ֮УӰ߳Źŷ˹ȥǺòײŴס˳ۣȻû׷Źĵ
ȻŷǼѹ뵽ԼһôˣЩеĿ־壬Ҳǳ׵ʧ
ɱ
Ȼǹŷ磬ôܻĿų۱ɱбһ̳ת˲֮䣬ǳԽЩˣȺ֮Уʮȫ£

ŷѾǵЩȺ֮У˳֮ǰŷ˺ϾŷʱǿǼˣȻһվԭأûг
͡
Ȼ˺֮µʱһӰȴǺȻһ죬˱ǼˣȻʬ׷룬ˣ
Ǻ֮ˣȻסɤһ㣬֮Ȼֹɫǵͨ죬ٵ˼㡣
ֲֲ̫ˣ
Ⱥ֮Уһ̣ȺǷһ뷨ٶȿŷĿʱѾǷŨŨľ壬̲סһ
Щ֮ʵ֮ǿߣҲһӲΪԼ̶ֳȣǾֻ˵һֿܣ˵ʵǻҪ
ʱĳۣҲǻعŷĿУһ˿Ц⣬ʱĹŷ磬һͭߣͦ壬ڼϸոǿֲٶѾֶΣһǿߵ
ۻϳ˹ŷ磬ͻƶһڹŷϢͬϤĲϤˡ
ȴǲû⿪ŷݣϾǿ̫࣬Ȼ۲֪ŷΪʲôôǣͬʱôǿߣû̫İա
ǰ˭ĪǣҲҪϵ챦𣿡
ʱǸոնԳ۳ֵĻߣ̲סĳŹŷ̽һ

ŷһ³ƣǻѹȶȥ
ߣǰĪҪ̫ǣ
ǻߵҲǸŷѹȣȴ˿ûη壬ǰ̤һ͹ŷ֮ϣХֱʡ
֮ͭ΢΢һ
ৡ
һ̣ŷζˣǰһ뻹ԭأһ룬Ѿǵǻߵǰ˱Ǽŷ壬ٶȻصԭأһЩʵԵ͵ߣ͸оŷûжһ㡣
͡
Ȼһ̣ߵɫȴȻһ԰ףһѪУŨŨľɫ
˻ʲôֻԼ֪ոǶ̶̵һ˲䣬һ㣬
ڸոǶݵ˲䣬Ȼ֣Լ嶯ˣ󣬱ǸоһľϮƱĶͷȥΪѹͷȻǿռ»ָɣ΢΢࿪Դһ
ԴȻˣؿڣȴǱݺݵĻˣ˲ƣȻ֪ԷΪʲôһ֮ͳˣǻܹ϶ԷһԶ㲻ΪԷٶȣ̫ˣ쵽Ӧʱ䣬
ȺʱɫˣǺȻ֣վǰͭߵˣӵʲôˣֲ̫ͲܹģһϣҲС
ǰ飬ǣ
ʱȺٶȺݺݵز˲ֻ֮ǰֶԸ۵ĻߣʱȻǶŹŷ΢΢ֱӾ뿪ˡ
⡭Ⱥһȴӵ֤ˣŷʵֲһλʵ֣ȥɼԷʵŶôֲˡ


288 Ң۽
ŷ֮ͭ΢΢УһΣյĻͷŶ˼֮󣬹ŷ绹Ǿɻȥ
Ȼŷ뽫£ϾԷǲ㽫۸ɱǻߵʵҲȻܹԷɱǣѱᱩ¶һЩòʧ
վڹŷԵĳۣͬûϾ֪ŷĵϸʵûǰֲܹˣѾܲˡ
ڻȥ֮ЩˣȴҲǣҲǣǾۿſҪֵ챦ôģ
ǣҪ챦ǾͱҪԹŷ磬ŷֲ̫ˣʵ֣ǶԷһ֮ȥֻ󾿾˭޷Ԥϡ
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ŷ۾΢΢һУɱʼεӿŷ֮ԷЩˣΪ޷һЩ˳£ŷ뿪ˡ
ŹţŷûŭΪһʱ;ǺԼ⣬ֻ¾ƶ൱Σա
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ʱƶҲŷͳǰһЦûжĸлҲû֮߶߶һУڲС
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ͬʱЦһ𣬻ʧ֮С

˸ո뿪˵أһֲķ籩Ȼ٣һЩõӰǹŷڴ˵ĻһϳˣȻǺйһ֮ԵҶ¶Ңۡ
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ʱҢۣɫΪ˿ŷʧķһתٶȻ籩ԶӶ׷ȥ
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һ֮£ŷ֣ɳȥЩ£ȻȫɱˣңҲǸӦˣԼıԴ֮Ȼ˴ˣߵˣȻǹŷ硣
Ϊԭأ˹ŷһ˿Ϣ
Դ֮ȻŷˣȴûбŷԣҢ۶ڱԴ֮һ˿Ӧġ
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ֻǣ֮ԴѾУôܻ׵ؽңԷֻһ飬е⡣
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ŷԷ֮ǿƥԷ깥Ҳ֮ǻһˣֻˡ
׷롭
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290 ɱҢ
ߣСӣǰСˣȻҲ깥ƾЩĻ»
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һΣҢķ籩Խ˼֣Ļҳ
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ңҢǰһԴ֮ǶȻҲպ֮ʵ֮ͨͨǿߣ֪Ҫ١
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ʱĹŷ磬û·ȻĻۺͻƶˣȻҢУʱ³֪
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ŷ˫΢УأĶҢǿٿΣֱԷһ֮ʣŷתת
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ŷ촽΢΢źϣ壬¶ʱ䣬ҢǼΣȻһ٣ͣԭء
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λתŷ糯ҢۿȥʱҢۣͬǻת͹ŷĿԣ֮УΪ˵ĶӣŻⱬ䣬׵缤
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ٶ³ֹ֣ŷΣȻˣΪ֪ǿռֹҲסҢ̫ʱ䡣
λŷ˲Ϣ˳׿⣬˫չʱ䣬һ쳹һ泤ԹŷõĹŷ磬һˡ
ţ֮Դиոգˮ֮Դ
ҢۿŹŷ磬΢΢һ㶣Ȼһ貵Ĺâ˵㾹ȻܹͬʱԴ֮һ⾪ϲ˵ôģ

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ҢЦһٶ籩ֱӿضķɳʯ
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ҪҢ۵ǣһĨЦ⣬ȻԼһУҢǼΪŵģţһУһԽŷ¡
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Ȼʱŷյ˫ۣȻ˿ڵ֮ͫУһ㣬󣬹ŷ˫ȫ΢΢գ׹⣬ž죬ϵ쳹ȴܶԹŷκ˺
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ŷͻأ³壬ʱ䣬ΪģƬռ䣬ǾֹҢ۵ı飬ϣЩŹŷʯ֮ͣС

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Լǰδ壬ŷҲ̲סķһ֮ɫһ˿ϲɫĴ
ŷΣʼ˸ķɳʯΪ׵ı˿գ֮䶼ŷ壬ѾǱܿеɳʯҢǰϡģܿҢϣǲŵľɫ
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ҢĲҽ֮գһΣˣңƻΪأΪŷո׵磬ɲͨ׵磬֮Դ
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Ң۵֮ϣźð֮ĽֱӺͣߵĵ⣬ҲǱȫ
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깥ңһΣ깥似ǵĶ֮ˣ
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ֻ깥ֶΣ죬Ҫȥɲô׵ġ

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һ̣ŷ³֣ʱ䣬ǻ߱һ㣬ϮЩɱ֣ȫ
͡
ʱ䣬첻ϵĴݶЩɱӣڻ𺣵İ£ϵıţֱ󳹵׵ʧ


291 ֮Դ
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Ȼŷ飬Ϊƽٶ³ֳڣʱ䣬Ң۱ǺȻķ֣ЩɱӣȻ类סһ㣬ĳǻ𺣷ȥ󱻰
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ҢɫһתܿȻʱŹŷ³ʱǷ֣ΣĶסˣ޷롣
ֶס͸ոյľֹͬոյľֹֻǿռ侲ֹڣͬһصס޷
ס˲䣬һ֮ԹŷڳƬ֮䣬ǽҢ۸ֶž죬ϵĴݶ

һҽУϵĴݶƬ֮󣬲ҽ֮Ȼֹ֮ɢҢ۵ӰҲʧ
ȻǱŷˡ

ҢɱŷҲǳ˿ЩԴ֮ȫŷջڣŷΣҲǽڵ֮ϣһ˿ϲɫ
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ʱŷԺ֮УȻһ֮Ǹоһ쳣֮ƾӿڣõѾ֮˲ȫ˻
Ȼ⻹꣬ǹ̫֮ˣŷ֮ڽţƬ֮Ƿ֣Ѿͻ֮֮
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ζţֻҪŷ㹻ʱͻƵ֮
֮󣬹ŷ绺˫ֱۣԺһͷת֮䣬ޱȣ֮ǰɻҲ˲ȫ
ŷ֪Լڵ״̬ٺҢ۴սĻһ࣬ͲղǰѾ
ˣҢ˵ǵ֮Դ޷ʱҢ۱ɱǲζţڣѾܹ֮Դˣ
뵽ܣŷУҲЩһչɽ֮Уϥ뵽ڡ
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ʱЩˣƺûжԹŷֵĴ㡣
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ǳﱸǧ꣬Ϊ˵һ죬һΣħսһˣ
˵ҪҪСһһЩԴ֮
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Ȼŷ绹ûļӦڵĲɫСһ֮Դ˽ȥƾ֮Դηȴǹ

ŷҲ΢΢˿˼ٶȻԾʼĴ֮Դ
ʱ֮Դɫģ͹ŷһ˿Ϊϵŷֻ֪Ҫʱ䳤ˣԼƿ֮Դˡ
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ŷ΢΢˿ͬʱҲǲĸоʱǧѾüޣıԴֻ֮ĵǶͨ˵ѾǿɼˣǶħ˵ȴԶԶ
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ڿŷʱ״̬֮󣬳ۺͻƶҲû˱Թ˼ֱ߳ɽʼΪŷ绤˷ƶ˹ŷߡ
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ԼСʱ֮󣬹ŷ۾˿Ҳ۾˲䣬ƣȻ˲䣬ǵ֮۷壬ʵ֮Ҳһ֮ң
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ƶĿ֮УҲһ˿֮ɫΪĴ˹ŷһۣ¶һֵ΢ЦõĹŷ磬΢΢һʧ


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۾ϲڹŷ米𣬶󣬹ŷתһ˽һ˿Ƶı顣
ϾŷٶȣʵЩ̫ˡ
ۻǵãһεļŷʱ򣬹ŷ粻Ǿ֮ʵʱǱѾԪת֮Ÿ֡
ǣڶκ͹ŷʱ򣬹ŷ磬ѾܹҶײȻһЩҲܷϣŷʵ̫ࡣ
κ͹ŷʱ򣬹ŷ磬ѾǺ൱սֶΣҪǿ࣬ش٣ǹŷæŵԶȹġ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ŷʵѾǳԽһȼսĲࡣ
ôٶȣźվһҲֻȻʧɫΪ̫ˣܹģ
ųһƵı飬ŷҲοЦһȻʵĵȷܿ죬˵ȴǲ̫㣬Ϊʱ̫ˡ
Ҳļʹŷ磬ƿ⣬Цʵŷ磬ս˵Ѿû̫ô֪ʲô㣿
ŷû΢΢һ壬Ȼսܹ꾳磬ڴʱ˵ȴҲôڱԴ֮޴ѰҲǸ뿪ʱˣŷ뵽
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ŷ絭˵һƶͳȻûκεǣҪ뿪ˣˣ˺Ĭģͬʱɽ֮ȥսĳڷȥ
սȻûҲ쳣ľ޴ټϹŷѾǽս棬ԣȥ֮ʱȻȫ·ǻ˲ٵʱ䡣
֮󣬹ŷһͣһɽϿգ˵أսĳڣѾǲ̫Զ
ŷͣɲΪڲԶˣΪǰ·˵Ķ飬ȴΪĹ졣
ΪУ࣬ˣȴãȻ顣
ŷ绹ǵһμһӣ˵ϣȷΪǿģ鸺깥࣬Ǹ
ʱŷˣǱ˸
ŷдһ˿Ц⣬Ŀ⻺ɨˣУ֮࣬ʵƶͳۣӦԣ飬ΪȻǲս࣬ȽѲ
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֮ĿǣŷһƻУʱ䵹ɶõ壬һԽԵ

ŷ촽һ¶һʧٴγʱѾһǰһ׹˳˲佫֡
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죬ͬʱ쳹𣬰ŵģգ֮䣬һ棬飬ȫɱ
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ɱ飬ŷʱ䣬֮ԽǿһЩʱĵ֮۷壬ֻҪһ˿꾳磬ٶһʵ֮

ڹŷոɱʱҽУҲͬʱõĹŷϣ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ӱ˸˹ŷǰȻǻƶͳۣǸߣʱѾ˵ϣѾû˿֮УƺŨŨľƺΪŷ˵ʵ𾪡
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ڼ䣬ŷ꾳磬Ҳ˳ͻƵʵ֮ȻˣһеĹͣ벻Щ顣
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ʱ䣬һƵ죬õƬռ䣬ǾҵĿռ䣬ѿռѷ졣


293 ǿ
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λͨǿߣ΢΢һָֻԭûеһ֮Ĳ࣬Զ׼
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ŷת̲ס뵽ոһȭ棬ȻƽֻԼ֪ոһȭѾǶ֮Դ
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ǽߵͨǿߣŷǣȴǹһĨмĻȣٶȣԷģƺɲ̫ǡ

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Цһͨǿһ˻ƶǰƳŻƶ̽˹ȥ

ŷоŭӣôҲû뵽һ֮ͨĸ֣Ȼᱰɵ̶ֳȣԻƶ֡
ֻһУǷգ֮䣬ٶȼ죬ǴʱҪԮҲˡ

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ǵһΣŷ罫ˮ֮ԴһʩչɴҲԿŷͨӵɱ⣬жôǿҡ
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ȣ쳹ʱ䣬Źŷ绰£һڵĻ泤ͨӺȥգ֮䣬ͽͨӸֶ
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Ƶײ֮ϵԭ쳹ֲĲݶõĸһƬգǸ˿
̳ɢ׹ٶȻص˹ŷڣŷϣҲһ˿԰ףϾ㾡ȫĶñԴ֮ҲҪһЩɵ
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ʱ䵱УŷҲǺͳԼƶԼһЩ㣬ǱѰұԴ֮ڣǹŷĵһվΪڣһ֮Դ
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ڣΪƷţɽŽģ뵽İһΰĽռзԲǧһӰϵնУַǷ
Ϊľ󣬹ŷҲ̲סʱǶΪĽҪڡ
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ŷһˣ⣬ڵɽ֮У˳ȥ
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ȥ
ŷձµģȻͼŵ˿ֱǱһһˣӿϯȥ֮УŹŷֱ֮͸꣬õˣ˲ɫұ䣬峯·׹ȥ


294 Ҷ
ŷĹˣˣڣõ֮ˣ̧ͷĿ⳯ķȥ
ηˣǰݻڣ
һ֮쳹λðڹŷ˶𣬶ӰٵӶͣ˹ŷǰ
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ǺǣҶ˵ĸ߰˿ûн˷ΪԼѷ֮ʵѾ԰˰ɣЦȴ˿֪ǿߣɱĺҪϺܶ࣡
ŷаҡͷеǶҶЩΪǵ԰Ϊ
Ȳ˵ЩǿߣǴʱĳۣԶԶҶԱģԼҶ߳ȼԶԶؽ˦
ʱǵҲٶȴ˳
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ЦЦĿϣȴһ˿ĺӿûϵѹȣΪҶԷ
ҲŸ߲⣬˶ԴԼҲǳ۶ûһԵʡ
ѾǲǵǸδɳţѾһ֣ǿߣվǰһֱһϣҲѷ֮ǿ߰ˣѾԶԶĶ֡
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кⱬһǳŹŷӶ̽ŹŷԴŭȥ
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ȻŷɫѾƽû˿ĶϵƿҪͷ֮ʣŷŻĴ֡
ʱ䣬۾ϴǲ˼ɫôҲû뵽ﱾӦǿɱĴڣȻô˼Ȼܹ嶨ס
ɱ
ʱһȣõ˫۶Ȼ̣Ŀţһֻƣӡ֮ӿ֮УȻը졣
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һƵ죬ϵȻ·ȥ԰׵ϣƺһ˿š
ƺڻûףԼҪϱΪôȻ䣬ͱԼΪϡ
ϵϵΪŷȥעĹŷ˵ϵһѷ֮ϼһֻһΪ򵥲顣
ŷ磬㡭Ȼҷϵڵĳϣ
ҶЩҲ޷ָ߸ϵ̬ˣΪŷ磬Ȼһзϵһλʵ൱ĳϣ𺳣ױȣ߳
ҶΨһܹģڵˡ
ǺǣҶǵǵһμ棬ָ߸ϵ̬ǣֱ֣û뵽Ҳнɣ֪ڵʲô𣿡
һֻûĹЩΪǵĸֻ߰ǽڵ֮ϣûڣ㣬һֻ磡
ŷħһ㣬ᣬϵĳҶ񾭣õҶ̬ϱ任ףϢǾҵĲ
ߣӦرģҪΪ֮ԣҡ
һƮٶ쳹͸ոǵһõĹŷüͷ΢΢һ壬Ϊ֣Ҷ飬ٶƽУٶȻָţȴҲûյĸ߰
һӰ֣ͣҶǰĿŹŷ磬УһſԵɫ
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ӵĿֻڹŷͣƬ̣˳ϣЦۣһУ˳ţҲû㣬㻹ᵽţҿʱΪŵӣ洫
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ŷ磬ǸһԾ˵ѣΪʲôҪ뿪
֮У˼ǰУƶЩһۣҲǽɻĿ˹ŷϣȻҲǲס
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۵ϵĵΪڵĺĵӣۿ൱˽ڵĵ̵ģͨǿߣԲֹһˣھ;мλҲ֪ϾڵĺĻܡ
Ǻǣ޷򲻹ҵٶȣҪߵĻûܹס
ŷ絭һЦŵɫԣҲǿЦһֹʶŷٶȵȻ֪ŷ˵ĶʵԹŷٶȣͨǿߣҲ޷⡣
ڣӵջĿ⣬ϵЦ⣬һƬһ׵ʧΨԭأɫѿҶ
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ңҶ֪ƺӣû¹ŷİգȻĻӾͲô׵ķιŷ뿪ˡ
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295 ޿ƥ
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Ƭ֮Ӱͣ£΢΢̧ͷ¶һΪϤףŷ磡
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ӹȻȻΪͨǿߣҲû˿СңȻڣعؿ
΢΢˫ۣŷڵУһ˿貵ľâһĨÿĻȣΪЩɻ

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ŷ֮ϣһĨÿĻȣ۾֮Уȴžⱬ䣬һģƺ⾪ϲأ


296 Դ
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ûжķϻһλüߣһȣʱ䣬ʮȫнӡŹŷɱȥ
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ǽɫ䲻ɴȴʵĴһ㣬ֱ죬֮ռƬƬı鿪

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ս֮󣬹ŷֻ΢΢һ㶣ٶ̤ʮλߺɱȥʱѾǴ˶ԷĴɱԷʱ

ŷһ̤λһɿ磬ʱ䣬һ㣬ٵֶٶȻ֮ʱʮλߵ壬Ѿȫ˵ϣǰлŲš
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˵֮У˭ԹŷΪ˽ĻɾҶˡ
Ҷ͹ŷ磬ܹҲͼ棬һΣŷֻһɱɱСڣǵڶκ͹ŷ֮ʱŷѾǳΪ֮װĴڣոﲻĴڡ
ҶһֱڰοԼ˵һУֻŷʵʵУǲһ
һΣٴμŷʱžķ֣ŷ磬ȻѾǿֲ˵زڣһУɱʮλʥ֮ǿߣõҶĵһ˿ԲĸоıȲϹŷˡ
ֽʮλߣŷĿ⣬˿վûж֣һԶӶȥ
ڣŷܹĿģһҵ֮Դˣңõľ֮Դ⾪ϲ
һĿģҵĸס
ԼĸףŷûмֻĵףһӰԼǾǰĸס
ȻûмԼĸףŷУôһ˿ģܹƾԼʵڣӻԼĸס
Լĸ׾ŷҲ֪ȻŸ֪ȴûмԼĸףԣҲ޷֪ĵ
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Ȼʱһضɽҡĳ죬ϵĴݶõĹŷ缱ӵӰȻһ٣΢΢̧ͷʡ
һ޴ֱʣֱӣģһٻӰȴС
ǵڣӰҲǷҡϣǹ϶ˣһˣŷʶȻӡ
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ǹ֮ǰٻӰŷȴǾãԼͷݺݵĲ˲ȻûмǵٻӰǹŷȴǾģһϤĸоɲǼӿͷõģݺݵ
ĸף
ŷһ䣬֪ôģȻ;ãǵٻӰͷӰںϣ󳹵׵ıһˡ
䡭
ȻʱӺһˣͬʱٻӰУٶȺ˻ȥǹҲСգ֮䣬ٶʧ
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һ̣ŷͷȻӿһɱ¾֮⣬˫Ŀ𽥱ͨ죬󣬾ǿٵĻһƬѪɱ¾֮
һ̣ŷУڣʹ޵һ㣬ΪѾܹ϶ǹ֮еٻӰĸףΪԷںȥһ˲䣬һۣһУ̺޵飬Լ˼
ŷûԼĸףȻַʽ֮С


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ŷ˻ƣһ˲䣬ħ֮еĶħһ㡣
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ʱ䣬һɿ͵ϢԹŷը𣬶ŷ磬ǽŲһ磬Ѿǰ
ȥ
ʱӣΪؼʱ̣ʱȥŷ磬ʱ䷴һ˦һͼŷ
ϾŷȻǿУҲһʵ֮СһһᣬɱҲΪʲôŷ紳֮ӲмԵʣǹ֮еŮӣΪֵģһպڣ֮֡
ߣֹ
˦Ĺŷһ³ַζȻתֱȥ
֪
ɫ䣬һӿӡһգȻתŹŷĶȥ
һɫ⻪һצĿ
ɱ
ŷЦӣȻ׵֮Ըӵ֮ԴңԴ֮ںϣһ̫ͼס
Źŷһȣһɫ⻪ӭǣһ̫ͼ
ʱ̫ͼת⻪תǻһΣӴǵС
𡭡
ŷһ³ʱ䣬ٶȱ仯һһ㣬һ֮Ϻɱ£˲飬ЩȴӣǱ˹ŷġ
СӣС㣡۾΢΢һУ̲סЦһ
֪Ѿǽڵ֮Դľ֮Դȫ˹֪ʲô飡
ŷ絭˵һ¶ЦĿӣĿⲻ䣬Ҳῴһǹ֮еٻӰһ
ʲô㾹Ȼܹõ֮Դľ֮ԴϿɣ
ȻһɫȻ仯УŨŨĲ֮ɫͬʱһˣҲȻ̧ͷйâ˸ֱĶŹŷ硣
ʵҲ˴С֣Ƕˣõ֮ԴѾ̫ˣǣ뾡˸ְ취ûܳɹĻ֮ԴϿɡ
Σֻý֮Դӡڵĵ
ֱ֮ǰҶҴһľ֮Դ˵˼ǻǺȻģˣûгɹ
ʱ˱⣬˹֮еٻӰϣΪ֪ٻӰϣűԴ֮ң
ܿϧǣȻ϶ܹ֮ٻӰӡȴ޷ٽһҪٻӰƿرԴ֮ķǲܡ
ÿһʱ䣬ٻӰᱩһΣǶ֮ǿѹƣ죬ٻӰʱ䡣
Ӻһۣǿ˱˴е˼΢΢һͷһ˼ѹٻӰӣǳѳŹŷȥ
Сӣû뵽ȻŻñԴ֮Ͽɣ㽫ñԴ֮ϿɵķңҿԷһ·
̤ϰգŹŷ磬߸ϵһ㣬һ統֮ʱ
ŷ͸һ˿ЦͲмӣҲǴԲѣȻԷʵ֮ͨͨǿߣҪһЩҲԱȲͨǿߡ
ŷ磬֮ǰѾɱһλͨͨǿߣʵԽԴ֮֮࣬λһӣԷδҲСˡ
뵽ŷһЦôϻҪսսս
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ɫŷ磬һСȻ˵ǲԭµġ
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һȣӳŹŷ縩񱩵ϵŶһʱ䣬ӿȥһС̫һ㣬貶Ŀ
ŷƤ΢΢ãһ˿мɫӿҪ֮ʣ촽΢΢ſһ죬˳
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Ѫ𣬹ŷһѪ⣬ͷ̫ת࣬Χһ㵭ɫĹĻתڣʣ졣
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ŷһʱ䣬һ٣ͣٵ˲䣬ŷ綯ˣ壬Ȼһ泤ڶӸ˲ơ
ŷҲ֪ɻشӡ

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һ죬˳ȻõӾǣԴݻһɽƣӡڹŷϵʱ򣬾Ǳһ㵭ĹĻ˿ǿһĹĻȻס
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治һӸˣŷ磬ǲŹѵõĻᣬﱬһٶȣŻ֮ԴӺɱȥ
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˵Ķߣŷû׷Ĵ㣬ϾͨǿҪߣûа£ǣԷս
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ʮˣû뵽㶼ôˣ
ŮӵУڸǲסɬһ飬䣬ģƸˡ
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ŷ˻ƣ֮ںõǣƵ֡

ŮӣҲϲο飬


299 
˱Դ֮ҵԼĸף֮УҲǳ׵ĸһ䣬󣬹ŷֱ˺ѿռ䣬ص˹ǡ
ζžۣڽʵˣŷ粢ûгϲõУֻڼдգգŷٶ뿪˹żң̤г̡
Ϊ֪ǧϾҪˣҪסˣסļ壬ǾҪӵ㹻ǿʵȻʵѾ㹻ǿ󣬲֪Щò
㵽ɽ֮УԸմǷǣħһ壬ҲȻŹģΪѾ¶㵽Դ֮вħˣԣħһŹ
һΣŷĿĵأڵżΪ棬ӦûһԴ֮
֮Ӱһߵɽ֮УǴɽΪĻǹŷ֪ڵż
ڵżÿһμʱŻ̶̰꣬ʱ䣬Ӱ֮У޷˲
ŷȴܹоΪڵżͨ磬ʱ䵱УħħǩԼܹӦ
Ҳùŷ簵ңҵħ統УȻĻҪҵڵż治һ׵顣
ѡ
һȣȻԹŷﴫָֻһʱ䣬һ޴Ŀռѷ죬˹ŷǰŷͬʱǿռѷ֮С
ٴγʱŷѾһ֮ɫ磬ǳɫģأǳɫġ
ףԵأ
ǰΪϤĻŷϣ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⣬ǵãһżոսʱ򣬾һħΧӵһɽ֮УŵԱסһ
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ҹ٣Ƭ統Уȴ˿оҹϢƬ磬ǳɫģѪȾĺϼ
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ģŷһ״̬֮УˣƺںһƺһˣһƬ졣
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ħսʱһӰȴڲϵĴ֮䣬ǵӰȻǹŷ硣


300 ս
ħսʱƣս֮У˫ˣսټңأսˣѾǳΪһ顣
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ʱ֮УһλˣŮӱһԼЩǰ
壬Ҫ
ŮɫҰףǴһ˿ҵĻȣļˣˣֻôĸĵĻ̶ԷΪ
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ŷ·һţǸ֮ħ죬ħƷаϢӿŷһ׵磬ŻһƬ׺
֮˼һ񻰣һλǿ˼֮ħ׷ɢħۣһ֮С
˴ԣԺħ𿹺⣡
ʵǲ֪ǣ˵¼ʱˣʵѾݣǿ߼еĵط
ŷ֮УεѾǳһƬĿ½Ѿȫħռݣֻ˵ǿߣħֿ
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Сӣǻˣ
ҲǷ˹ŷ磬ûЦһУȴǴ֮⡣

ŷͻأĳ˹ƶߣĹĿһЦСӣʵ֪ǿˣǰ˦ûӰˡ
ߣҺ
ЦĹŷļһЦҲżѡ


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еˣһ̧ԴϿտȥ֮Уеǿ־壬еѣеսⰻȻ˭Ƕ֪սʱ̣ˣʤܣڽһˡ
ˣͷ΢΢Щأħֲ̫ˣһͷ޴Ӱţû˵Ϊ˭ܹսʤħ
һУɱλͨǿߣ˵Ŀֲħͷ˭ܹԸֻ£Ǽǿߣ޷ɣ
ˣǿˣɣ
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һߴһӰƿնȥͣǹħ֮ǰһɿֲɢɢħƣУĲҽ֮
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Ц쳹գһӰ̤ϳ̤֮ȥĿ⵭ȻŹħơ
ǣһʦܣȴ˵ģŴͣ˺ħ𣬾ʦܣǵʦ˭ѵħʵݣħ
һ̣ɻͷ˸Ƿ֣ƺһܣǰҿ
Ȼˣ
һԺ֮УϥĹŷȻ˫ĿУ͸һ˿Ц⣬ں֮ǰͲ²ħݣܹ죬û뵽ǣħ𣬾˵ʦܣǸȰԼߣŷ΢΢ҡͷЦ
ˣ˾ͽʵҲ˾ͽµүү˾ͽʵֻ˵һɣʵ֪Ŷٷأ
ʦ֣ǺǣۣȷѾǺܾûгҵĶˣƺûʲôʦ˵ѡ񣬲ôǣ
ƺһ˿ȻħҲôƽǸʦ𣬶ҲһΪҪɣ
ʦѡǲдĴ٣ԲҪ㶪֮УֻأҪΪ˼䣬û뵽߳һûֱӽ𣡡˻˵һΪƽһ
Ǵ٣ĺĽҶ˲˹³һУǶ׫ģȻΪеĴ٣ҽվͻɴ٣ȫ𣬹
ĴЦϵش˳𶯾˵ͷǺݺݵĲ˲ħһЦصĴЦһǵͷħ𣬺ÿֲ
ʦܣɣеִһУܻͷ˵˵ϵĿУƺ޵Ļ䡣
ƺǸ꣬ɰ
ʦ֣˵ʦؼĴڣ𣿡
ȻˣʦһĴڣݵأܣ磬ƿأʦ̫䣬̫Ͳȥʦǿջǿգͻ𣡡
ʦĺʦ֣ҲҪѧʦ㱾죬úñʦʦ֣
úúãСɾҪúõŬˣʦ˵츳ؼΪģĳɾͣҪԽʦֵģ
СһúŬ
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