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վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
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ϲ׹ȴظΪʦưӡ⿪оϹ¼УħУԶַ 
һ£ŭڣºڷѪϴǬֻѣĥսЦҶУ 
ɽն翻ø߾ɹѹħս½ΨҶ


һ Ǳ


001 Ҷ
ƻ裬һص̾գϦֻܳһ϶һɫϼʣе㣬żȻŽɫ۹⡣
һĻɽ嶥ΧһƬžƾӵʲôطɣһ޴ʯϣһʮ꣬˫Դһ˿ǿǰ޾ա
һɫ£ΧĿռγһֻȻɵĸоü˫֮ϣƤϸףһӵĸо
ʱȻһ˿ϸ΢ĽŲŲ漴¶һ˿Ц⡣
磬ôˣ
Ļ䣬ԶĻƻ֮Уһλ곤Ƶ꣬ͿȥԼʮ߰˵ӡ
ܿ죬еĶ磬ѾվԣǰĵܵܣҶ΢΢һ̾ܵܣСֻҪһľһ
ЩǵĿǰ꣬ҶЩĵ˵С죬ҪҽȥϹˣǹĻ¡
һ֣Ҷɫ漴ü΢΢𣬲ָƽЩε̾
ҲǵģͬϹҶףڵãȫ۹˶֪ϹҪ˻顣
ҶҲһ̾Ϣĸǵ۹ĽձȨνλȨأڼҲ˵һֻҪΪԵġõģٲϲҲýܡ
Ϲҵļǵ۹Ĳ󳼣ҲȨҲΪԭҶҲźϹҽɻ£ǸʱҶ컹ûг
Ҳ֪׵ƢҪ֪ҪˣϹȻҪ˻飬ҲҪʲô̬ˡҶҶ迴ǰܵܣЩ̡
¶һ֮УҶкʹְĻȴûκεİ취νĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ðɣȥǶ磬һӦңʱڸǰҪΪ˵
ĵ˵ͷǾʱɽºȻһӰһգ۵ʱ䣬Ӱǰ
Ϊʵԭһȫ£һµӣɽûطȥֱӳҶ켤
С쵱ģ
һȵĴҶ漴ɫ䣬ΪѾоС켤ȥӾȻһ̡
ѾˣҶѾ䵽ӵɫĿԼе꣬Ӷݺݵ˵Ұֵ㣬ɱ㡣
ͷβҶ춼û˵һ仰飬ҶȴһҪӡ
ಣಣಡ
΢ҶǰٴγӰҶ趨һжʱһϲΪĲǱˣ׵
ô£ʲôˣ
һ֣Ҷ㼱ɴʵǸǰ꣬һ漴һ˵
үǽָȡسǴ˵һҵǰá
ָҶбѾ֪۶űԣô׷޷䲶
Ҷû뵽ǣԼеģ͸͸ɫȻ飬ȴûһ˿ľ֮顣
ſү֪˭Ҷӣʶʱ˵˻һ棬㲻
Ҷ裬ʱҲˣȻҶҵүһǲô˵Ǵ󽫾Ķӡ
ν򹷿ˣСģҲҪϵģϾλȨأһǰʲô£ʱ˭Ҳţ̫
ԭҶĶӣܺãþǶ˵ɽȥһʱ֮ڲǵλүɾͲ˵ˡ
㻹Ƿүٲ֮ءĸȥҪǰиʲộǸȥˡ
ߣȥҸ㣬ܶһëҾͰƤͶ̥ĻᶼûС˵֮Ҷת㳯ɽ¼ȥ
㿴ңҿ㣬漴Ҳɽ¼ȥ֮Уֻһ˴ﵽ֮Ҳֻ֮
ߺ󣬽ָһƿ꣬ϳ˱֮ɫһ˿м
ԭһϻֻҪڶһеôӷһ㣬Զ㣬Ҿķ
˵ָߵɽ±ߣǰ޾գվţһ仰˵ҶҲû˵ֻһվ
Ҷ첢ûΪָĻҶ֮УȻһ˿䣬ûͼߣΪһǰ֮ûѴﵽͨˣû˿ķ֮


002 ʬ
峿أһ֦ͷԶĵƽϣˣ˶һĺ£峿γǿҵĶԱȡ
ָǰ棬ɫ˼㣬һϣûͣһᣬ˾һһ̶ɡ
ĿߣŲӳ㣬ϱʲôɷǣ
ָһ̣һ޴йŭΪڣɱ겻Уһ׸벻ţʱеһͷ
ѵŽŲѾһҹ־ڲϵĴߴ˵ѵ£ԼߵĲҶֻоͷһƬ
ܿ죬˱һɽ֮ڣ䣬һ죬һʯʱǧҶһ̵ʵԿɽʯ
ĸţڸţʱҾͰǵү¾ƲˣҪڿүģһȺӡ
ŭĺ漴쳹ɽȵϿգһָ̣ŭˣôһ̣ھȻһ·׷ţԼȴ͹һ
ɽ֮⣬ҶĿǰĶʮˣεɱݺݵͷţȻû˵һ仰֮УһλߵϣҲöʮ˵һ仰
Ⱥ̾ȻһץסЩ˻кã
гһǿҵķŭҶ޲ھȥץסǸĽʱ㲻ٴҲҪʬ
үүǲǲȣڽȥһָ˺үʱ˭Σ㻹ң
˵һֿˣǶʮ֮УĴ֮һͬһǿ̣ͽָһΪ
үҪĸֱԶĸΧסȻʱǾһȥ
һӣЩ˵˵⻰֮ȴûһ˵֣ҶҲĵ˵ͷ
Ǿ鷳˶ľˣССܿ࣬˴ѣҲ֣ܿľһȳС졣
Ҳһ̾ľкγȳҶ죬ô˵Ҷ춼Сų
Ķǰ˵ͷ漴ḷ̌ĸͬķ򣬿ٵļȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ʧ֮С
ҶվһʯϣĮĿǰһУԴʮǰ˳֮Ϊ֮ʱʱġ
Ϊĵ۹󽫾Ҷҵӣʮ֮ǰȻûдﵽ֮Ӵʮ䣬û˿
Ϊе˼ǣҲս˥䣬ʱ·εΪ󽫾Ķӣ㱻˹˷֡
ǲˣ֪Ӷ𣬸ϿȥŪԵ㣬ھͿ˫֡
ָһŭĺţһͷţôߣһһҹûгԶһһ·׷ɱеŭ𣬾ɽһ㣬ʱпܱ
Ҷ첢ûж˵ʲôͷǰȥʵһУһǿڻĵ۹Ҳǿˡ
ܿ죬ҶżֻҰƵ˻ûгɣëƤѪտʱһƮɽ֮ڡ
ģû뵽һҲܿ˵ζӳԱʹȥһõط֤ӷֱӱš
ץżֻӵĴţָһ߳ԣһ߻ϵĿţһеʳóԵһ
ҶǿסеļЦ죬ΪڸղʳôңһҲ
ʱһǰ˯żֻҰǱģΪϻһ˿˿ĺߡ
һϲѼֻҰ˻ҰĲϼ٣ǰȴһӡ
ô£ҶжʱһΪѾǼֻҰȷжǽָȴûж
ʱһ䣬ָгʣµļͷݺݵǰ꣬ϵɱһɱѩɽԵѹꡣ
ӣӳԵΣߵ·࣬ھȻöѵ㲻֪һ¶𡣡
жʱһͷð亹Ҫǽָ֣һ̵ɱԻѹһͨˡ
Ϊʹ϶ѾŤҶӲûкһСܱ˵ۣĥͬ˵ļǿ־
ףû뵽ȻȹһССĽѵʵ㣬ɹ
ǰһԵĺָ꣬¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ţϵɱһ˲ɢ


003 ֮
ɱɢָһʯϣ𣬶ҶվԶûȥϵʹһķþûصļ䡣
ʱĵȻڲͬĸǿ̣ҶĴ֣ȫ
ĸ򣬶վһ̣˵ͬı䣬ϵɱĹžʯϵӼȥ
ָ۾ȻĸĴ֣¶һЦ⣬һӣҶߡ
жһʵûпָʲôֶΣһ̣뷨
Ĵͬʱ֣ԿԿɽһ̵Ľָû˿Ļţǰ˸ʲôǿ̡
ĵĿһǰĴ̣漴ץԵĺ꣬ʱһһָҶ죬ʱʧԭء
ľжʱһΪͽָΪʵ࣬ڣָô뿪Ķ֪
׷ҪǾȲүĸȫͷȥ
˵꣬˱ٶȳʧķȥܿ죬˱׷Ҷˡ
һָۣ֮ĿǰˣץҶ죬һֺֻݺݵѹҶ֮ϡ
Ⱥ˸ӣ׷һһҹˣǲۣӻأھ͸ȫȥҾͰȥ
˵ţָҪҶԨƣȻ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
ȵȣָҪү飬ӵĺǣҲŹġ
ľ˵㳯ǰǰǰˣҲͬ΢ĸš
վסҪǰһҪȥˡ
һŭĴ𣬽ָʵ벻ͨǰǲӽˮˣ֪Լʣǻǰ
ľ壬ȥ߸ףǲТԺͲ̷˼ˣľչ˸ס
ʱҶȻĮ˵ǶľˣָҲǿһ£ãѾˡ
˫ַתҶʱıסָȫһȫõ˫֮ϣʱҲеķ
Ҫָһʵ漴𣬵벻ףԼôһ޸֮С
Ҫ
ͬһҶ˾֮ϣѾµˣҶɫ漴ޱ䡣
ҰްҺţΪһߣҶʵȻľˣڵ۶Բʮﵽߵˣʮ֮಻ᳬ
үѾŪҿǾȥҲ̾Ϣһľɫž֮ɫ
ǶҹС첢ûҪȥ
Ұްľ޺𣬳ļ˷ŭĴţ˵֮Ҷ㳯ɽ֮£ٵļȥ
ƺһҶ㵹˶ľĻУŻе꣬ľٴһ̾
ȥ
Ķ֣ľе꣬ɽ֮¼ȥˣ㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳ¶һ˿Ρ
ĵ۹ĵ۶һžĽֵϣûһߣķƬľ֦ƮĮĽֵϡ
ǻĵ۶Ļ֣סĲǽ׸ͨǲԽ뻪ֵģӵ
еһԺſڵ֮ϣдĸ֣󽫾ǻĵ۹Ĵ󽫾Ҷ޵еĸԺ
һͬžĴãҶ޵ĿǰˣȻû˵˶Īĸеһļ¡
Ȼľ˶ǿ̣ȫĵ۹֪ǵĴ󽫾һǿߣһΪѾﵽ۷ǿڡ
ȷѾԨˣ
û˿ĸߣҶ޵еϣȻͷųһӴɱʱ֮С
жǸеһļ£۷Ĵڣܱġ
ǣۿүͽָһͨԨү֮ǰת潫˵Ժϥ¾Тˡ
ľͷ֮ϣð˿˿亹ǿеѹŬֵĮ˵
˶ûп˵֮УľʵߣҲܽӣ˰ν
ľû˵ֻǾϣ˭Ҳܿóһ̵Ҷ޵УǶôķŭ
ȥңܶ೤ʱ䣬ʬףҲҪ֪ͨ־ɽ۵ÿһ䶼Ź
Ҷ޵еĻ䣬ͬʱ漴ȫ뿪ǰһƬžҶ޵еϣ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ


004 о
˫ۣǰһƬڣֲָҹһ㡣
ѵѾˣǵظôظûй߰ҶĬĬ뵽
վҶϵʱһҰЦʱĶС
˭Ҷжʱһʱͦǧ
ǰһ󲨶Ҷǰһ㣬ɨһ飬Ҷ϶ʱһ
Ϊǰһ޴ɽǰһ޴ԲξʯҶе˼ǣʯ֮ϣȻһˡ
һ峤ӣϵζҶıӣȻĺߺߵļ
㵽˭ô
Ҷһڷ֣ԼȻţԼôģȴû˿ļ䡣
˭Ҳ֪Լ˭ˣôô֪Ӱڶϵľʯͷҷİڶš
һҶʱеһԼһӣ΢΢һ̾˵Ҳ֪Լʲôط
ͽָһɽ۵䣬ôԼȴһɽ䵽ɽڵʯС
ǰΪʲôᱻ
ҶĻ䣬ʯϵӾͺ˷һţһžʯһգ۵ʱҶǰ
ִ漴Ҷӵֻ۾¶һ˿ζ
žһ޴漴Ҷϱһɼ׵ѪۣʱؿڣǿϵʹҶӲûкһ
װ⣬Ҳõӵľѧ㣬붼룬ڷǴ㲻ɡ
žһҶؿٴγһ˺ۡ
ҶȻûпһεζѪΣŵΪʹѾҧĿֱ֨֨졣
ڵ޼µʱҶֻоһִıӰԼֻһľ
Ȼ壬һƣҵˣ
Ҷɻ֮ʱǰķӺȻĴЦл˵Ļ
˲˳Ҷ䵽ϣΪʹ϶ѾŤҶҲû˵һ仰Ǻһ
ùСӣԸԸҵͽܣңϣûܹڵķӡӡֻҪһ첻һһ
ԼΪͽҶΪԼˣʹԼĶ䣬֮ŷ֣Լˣ˵ˡ
һ仰ԸԸ⣬ʹ㡱ʯ϶ʱ¶һ˿ͷ֮ɫһв֮С
Ը⣡
붼û룬ҶӦΪҲ뵱һ˶ķǰľʯǷ˵ģԸһԡ
ܾʯǷԴĻᣬҶһ֪ԼܷŹκһᡣ
ĵ˵ͷʯӲûڹصĹϵľʯɽÿһ䡣

΢ľ죬Ҷڵϣ߶ʮһǰľʯӣݺݵĿͷ
ΪҶ֪ԼҪѷ֣ǰľʯӣԼһᡣ
Ȼͣ£ʯ漴˵ΪʦҪӦ£ɲ㣬ҲԸһѧ㡣
Ҷ첢û˵ᶨĵ˵ͷ
һҴĹڶˣڶҪұŻֻҪԣӦұ㴫Ϲ
ҶȻصĵ˵ͷǼᶨ˵ҴӦ㡣
˵֮Ҷԥĳǰľʯӣʷĵһԡ
ʯӶʱɽϿգĴЦЦɽ˵ֱ졣
ҶʵûбϣΪСԼ˳֮ΪҶӣֻһͨˡ
ԼԲڴҪ˵游̣ƽʱɱһֻЩѡ
ҶûĵǣǰľʯӣȻһӣ֮ӦΪͽܣֻϣԼ
ҶʵڲʲôСԸǵһߣΪֻߣڻĵ۶𾴡
Լĸ׺ʹ磬ǿ̣Ƿޣһʵǿ۷ǿߣĶ磬Ҳﵽ̾硣
ҶֻԼֻһͨˣǿǰеǣʯӵʱȻֹ
Ҫˣ㲢ʲôֻǱ˷ӡֻҪҰͨоʱҪ˵һССߣʱǴﵽΪʦľ磬Ҳûпܡ
һҶ첻֪ΪʲôǸоǰľʯӣ˵ÿһ仰ʲô軰ƭԼ
ʦȫ
˵ţҶ漴ֳǰľʯӣĿͷ


005 
ãȻ£ΪʦϹڸ㣬סⲿǧκ֪Ҳٴڸκˡ
ʯӴֿ漴쳹ɽ֮УҶ첢û˵ֻǾţϵı޺ɢȥ
Ϊʦ½֮ʱеõһ¼ȫΪʦǻоý¼֮еľ硣
ΪʦĵһͽܣȴһʦŵҪõⲿ¼úסңҽٳȥ
ҶжʱһԭʦǱȻ֪ʦ˵ģʲôҶ֪һʲôƷ
Ҳ֪Լ˶೤ʱˣʮꣿꣿǧꣿΪʦûκεԸֻŻʵ֮ʱһҪΪʦ𡣡
ʦģֻҪһڣӱʦŻҶû˿ԥ漴ᶨ˵
ǰĻʯӶʱЦ˵ڱ㴫¼Ϊʦоķӡ
Ϊʦʧһö䣬ΪʦĻǻ棬ʵﵽһ֮ʱΪʦȻ㡣
䣬ҶָϣʱһöڰĽӣ䣬ҶĦţһ͸Ϣ˲䴫ļ䡣
öӣҲǵΪʦ¼֮ʱһһģô꣬Ϊʦһֱûп͸ȴܼĴǣ𡣡
ʯӵĻҶ˵ʲô漴Ժ֮кȻðһӣд¼֡
Ҷ֪ʦ˵ϱ䣬¼ˣʱ¼ȻһҳһҳĿʼתʱһζС֣Ժ֮С
¼ΪʦþһҲֻѧеĻйһ壬Ϊʦϣܹѧȫ¼
¼Ϊʦڴһ׽˽ΪǬǬΪҶǸͽᣬʱǬΪŻ
˵֮ҶԺ֮Уʱֳһ׽޼Ǭ
¼Ǭȫ֮ҶоԼڣۻȼգͺɻɽʱҪһ㡣
ΪʦھͰڵĻоķӡֻҪرԴɡ
Ҷʵܲסʱ򣬾ʯӵ漴Ժ֮УһӴʱҶڵÿһϸ
һĺ漴쳹ɽ֮ڣ˹ȥϾô˵Ҷֻһͨˣһ߶㡣
ǰѾʹȥ꣬ʯЦţЦг޾Ĳɣ֮С
漴ʯӵ壬Ȼ뿪˾ʯһ˲䣬ʯӵ壬㻯ǹ⣬ʱ뵽Ҷ֮ڡ
ʯӵĻǣȴ뵽Ҷе֮С
ҶȻһƬ˿ȥͺһ鿾˵СУе¶ȣֻҪ˿ȥһ¡
ҵĲҶȫ£ÿһطһɽɽ¶Ҳ֮
ʯԼ壬Ҷ忪ڵĻоӡҰҶ죬ֱӿԽͨˣΪһߡ
ʱȻڲͣתţҶҹ壬ҲʼĻֱָڰ죬峿¶ˮδδͣ
ҶݺݵԼ۾Ȼжʱһǰľʯȴ֪ȥʲôط
ŬĻǰ飬ܾãҶе䣬Ҷ漴¶һ˿˸С
ʦǲ֮С
ҶָϵĽӣ˵ǲô˵ǲشһ¿Ҷеǲѡ
ǵãʦ˵ԼڵĻо֮󣬻Ǳ֮УԼô˵䶼û˿ķӦ
ѵΣ
ҶвϵԼܹоһɳȵϢܵڵÿһ֮С
ָϵ䣬ҲȷȷʵʵĴţǾҲʦˡ
ʱҶϺȻһ˿ŵı飬ƣǰСʯݺݵһʱʯѳ顣
ʯֻΪﵽ֮ӵеͨҶֱţԼȻҲһ죬Ҳﵽߵʵ
߶ʮһҶ漴ɽ֮ڵκһʯ飬ݺݵҿȷԼΪȷﵽ֮ʱ򣬲Žͣ
лЩţһ뵽ʦΪ˰ԼӡҪˣҶУһů˸
С󣬳ĸ׺Ͷ⣬Ҳû˶ùҶаģպԼʵ֮ʱһҪʦŻ


006 Ⱥ
վɽıԵҶЩĮĿţǰԨȻѾΪһߣǶԨûһ˿취
תʯҶ쿪ʼռɽ֮ڵɢĺϢҶ첻ش˸¡
ȻҶа̾ţǷԭе뷨Ϊҵġ
ûа취ҶֻðɽڵٵʱһɵڷҶǰ
жʱһϲҶ첢ûйԥһ˦£漴ҶץĳԨ֮׶ȥ
ʱҶԨףǷԲʮﶼһƬҪ˵ǰ·Լ¶
ԴʦڵĻо֮ҶǸоԼڣһ޴йܻ
һǰţ֪ΪʲôҶһ˿ȴ˵ָо
һʱ֮Ҷһ̵ɽ֮УǻûеվԶľ֮ϣȻһŭĺ
жʱһȻҶ첻֪ʲô£еһ˿Ȼǡ
ʱԶɽ֮ڣȻһֻʨӣ󣬻ֻҰ׷Ŵʨӡ
ԼԽԽʨӣҶʱһΪֻʨѾУҸϵ΢ϢҶʱףǰʨӣѾֲ֧˶á
һҶ˫ȻɱݺᣬԺ֮кȻˣʦڸǬ
û˿ĳɣ漴Ҷ˫ָ죬ڴһ޼Ǭ
ʱҶͷϷʮŰýӰԲηλתš
һգ۵ʱ䣬ʨӱ󣬺ͨһ㣬ʨվֻ۾ĶǰҰȺ
ЦһʮŰýӰ㳯ǰҰȺȥ
Ȼ֪ԼǬΣǵʦܹӣһֱͨӳΪһǿߣҶ֪ʦڸǬǷ
ʵҶ첢֪Ǭа־ʹĽ־֮еκһ㡣
ⲢǾʯӴڸҶĽ⣬ҶΪ̫ͣʹǬ
ڼҰȺǰʱʮŰýӰʱʧɫ漴߶ʮһתֱͣӳԶ·ء
ҶҲǾϲѣҲû뵽ǬȻֻ֮ҰǣǬŵƨ
Ҷʵ벻ͨǣǬ䵽·ȻԵ޹ʧˡ
ô£Ҷдƣʵ֪ȻڵĻоѾΪҲﵽߣʵǲ
һᣬҶҲԵɣ׻Լʵ޷ǬҪ졣
һ̾ҶתǰĴʨӣ¶һ˿֮ɫѰһؼҵ·ȴ顣
ܹ˵Ļ͵ͷ
ҶĻ䣬㿴ǰʨӣ˶ͷ­سԼͷ֮иһ˿֮ɫ
ȻҶʵ֪Щɽ֮еҰޣЩԡ
ǻûеҶ˵ʨӵ񣬺ȻֵĿķϸһ˿ı顣
жʱɻѣ漴ҶתǾһ̣ҶҲ벻ˣΪǰһƬѹѹȺ
һȥǧֻҰǳһҶ첻κεĳɣǬ漴ʹ
޼Ǭ
һеĴҶ˫ָ죬ʮŰýӰγɵԲηλʱǰȺȥ
ಣಣಡ
һƿյȺʱѪ裬Ҷ첻ͣΪֻҪȺȥ߷Χôȴģֻʬ
ǬһʹǱˮнϾǰȺ˵ҲǧֻҶҲֻǸ֮
а̾һҪԼΪܹﵽ̾磬ôҶţƾǬӦÿԻɱǰȺ
ȺֻȥֻǣǧֻҰȻܲĳǰҶǰһС
ʱҶĽ£ȻоŶڶͷһԭֻ˵ʨӣһָмԼ
Ҹߣ
Ҷ̽ʵΪ֪ԼǷ¶ˣܿ죬ǰʨӱ㳯ĵ˵ͷ㳯ź󷽼ȥ
ҶҲûԥ漴Ҳʨӵķ򼲱ȥ


007 
ȺȻڲͣ׷ţҶ죬һ߿ٵļһ߻ʱʹǬ
ҶиеһΣȻΪѾﵽ֮ټǬǻ޷ӳȺ׷
ʱڵȻȫָֻɽڵ͸ͺһ˰㡣
Ȼͣ£Ҷͨ˫ĶǰȺ¼֮У߾֮УһŹΪ
ҪǾʣ򲻿ɹʯӰҶڵ֪Ҷ㿪ʼ
㳢
һͳĴ漴Ҷ˫ֺݺݵĳǰţǾڴ˿̣ȺҶм䣬ʱһϡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ȺѾֵǰǰһֻҰǣܲıȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ֻҰǣʱͷӶʣ
ȺǰֻҰǵ³Ȼֹĳǰţһֻһֻײ֡
ܿ죬ҶǰϰֻʬҶʱĵҲˡ
ǿסеҶᶨվԭأڵȻϵͷţʵû뵽¼֮еĹǿ
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ֻҰǱѾԶʧؼ䣬Ҷȴû˿Ĳ
ΪҶС֪һǿΪ磬ûʵκ˶Ҫ۸㣬ǽĶӣͬῴ㡣
ԿǰֻʬҶһûнּһᣬҶʵڼֲȥԴһɱʧȥֱ
֮Ҷ췢Լһɽ֮ڣԱֻʨӣҶףһǺʨԼ
ҵİɣ
ʨ漴ĵ˵ͷϵʹ֮飬ôԣȫ¶Ѫӣ˿йëȻĸо
Ҳһ̾ʨӵʵǿҲһȺǵĹ
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ʨԴʱҡ˹Ƶģֻצӣʹץǰʯǽֻ۾Ķš
ɻѣʨܹ˵Ļȴʨ˵һ̾
ɾʱʨֻצӣȻڲͣץʯǽܿ죬ʯǽ֮ϱ¶һ߳ľС
ҶжʱһԭʨΪҶûڳɣ漴ҶԵɽʯܿȡ˳ľС
ľ֮ϣž֮ϣһŽɫӣγ˾֮ơ
Ǹҵģ
Ҷ첻ȷŵʵΪܹǰľ֮Уܵһ˿ŨصʥϢȻ֪ľ֮ʲôҶףľ֮еĶԲǷƷ
صĵ˵ͷʨĶӣֻ۾תͣ
Ҷһ̣ȷţǰľǺʨԼģҲûп漴ĴľС
֨һҶҲſһ£ΪϢҶ֪ľ֮еĶԹޱȡ
ľڱ򿪣Ҷǰģһźľ̵֮ӣһģһĽɫӡ
Ĵľ֮УȡɫӣɢϢҶʱоںеĽһ̶չˡ
еӣҶжʱ֣Աߵĺʨʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ȻʨѾ͸Ҷв֪ΪʲôһָоеӾԲô򵥡
ʨûʲô¶һ˿ʹ֮飬ֻצĦϵѪӡ
жʱһҶ찵ԼԼſˣȻ˺ʨˣ漴ӷľУ
ţȥҵˮʳôصˣҪϴһ²УסʲôطҪȥһ
˵֮ҶŶ⼲ȥԴӴﵽ֮Ҷ췢֣ԼٶȼֱһԾǧͱӱҲ¡
ܿ죬Ҷҵһ峺СϪǰ峺ޱȵϪˮҶҲ̲סһ˲Ϫˮ֮С
յգҶһùӣװˮҪߣʱǰȻϰֻҰǡ
жʱһԼҲǸողŻָһ㣬ںȺȶ϶ԿҶпٵżƲߡ
ô죿Ҷ첻ϵԼսߣʼòע⣬һţҶ㳯źʨɽķ򼲱ȥ
Ҫۺʨôֻһ취ȺעȺʨɽ
ʣµһ̣Ҷûţ֣ҲҪԶ㣬ʱ˼ʨôһӶھεġ


008 µʨ
ܿ죬Ⱥ׷ˣҶûܣȻͣ£ڵʱת
޼Ǭ
Ҷ˫ָ죬ʮŰýӰʱԲηλϿա
ûԥǬ漴ȺʱһѪ裬ֻҰǱԶ̫ˡ
ڸеһҶ֪Լֲ˶ãȥԼǱȺԵɡ
ʱҶоԼ֮ڣǾľ΢΢ĲţһϢ䶯š
ɻѣ漴ҶȡеľУ֮ĽɫӺȻһŽ⣬ʱҶȫ¡
еľѵǣǰȺȻͣסˣȺٵĺ˶𣬺ܿʧԶľͷ
еӣҶȻɻѣȴ˾ϲһ̣ȫȷеӾһ
ûκεĳɣҶٵĳɽȥǵصɽ֮֮ʱǰһжʱŭޱȡ
һŭĺʱ쳹ɽÿһ䣬һǰʬȥŻ¶ѪĺʨҶ˫¶һ˿
òҶҲ֪˭ɵģȴȥǰֻȺ˵ƾǬһԣҶ֪Ⱥٹǧֻ
ںʨʬǰҶһ仰û˵ǾʱʬԺȻһ˿˿ƿǵ
һ漴Ҷƿȥֻһö˶ĵǰ
ие̫˼ˣΪ˶֪ʨӣԵڵȴеһϢ
µʨӣݺݵ˦룬ô˵ǰʨӵǺʨĹ⣬ҶʱҪСʨӸ
ܿ죬СȫƵǣƵ˳СӣȴҶٴθе˼顣
ǰģһֻʨӣǵĹҶһ̾ǰʲôҪ
ıСҶϸ΢˵ʲôӣԺҶᱣ㣬Ժͽʨǰɡ
ϲһʨҡβͣϳֺ֮ɫĿǰӡ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ漴ѺʨúõİᣬСʨǣ漴ٵĳԶľͷȥ
һ·֮ϣҶҲûȺеǣƬԨ֮ףһֻҰûм
죬ֱ죬Ҷľ֮ʱѶ·߲ˣСʨǸ۵Ķš
߶ʮһҶСʨǴһ٣ȵӶŵԲԲ֮ʱһһ޲ĳŵ۶ȥ
һ·֮ϣܶľʲôҶ춼֣֪Ϊ֪Լʯӵ飬֪Ϲ¼
ܿ죬Ҷһ˱صҶңҶĸ׼ƽ̲ס棬һŶӵ³ʲô¡
Ҷ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ҹ֮飬СԼĸ׺Ͷ⣬˶Լĸ׺ʹ磬ˡ
ȥˣ
֮ϵλҶ޵ɫĿ±ߵĶӣǱޱȣǰĶһ㡣
Ҷɫ漴Ҳޱȱ䣬С׾ͿΪԼ˽ˡ
ûȥģֻ˵ˣ˰¡
ҶҲһԸı飬Ҫǿڸĸʮķϣ˵Լҳߡ
һɣһĳʱµ飬Ҷ޵ɫѿָǰꡣ
Ҷҵ㶪ˣҶ޵ϱӵʲôôһˡ
Խ˵Ҷ޵ԽߣΪĵ۹Ĵ󽫾ʵǴﵽ۷壬˵ڻĵ۹һ֮£֮ϵ
Դӣȫ۹֪Ҷһû˿ʵСಡܵˡ
޵УҲģջȥϢһ¡
Ҷĸ׺Ȼ˵ԼĶôΪĸףԶסһ£ҵĶӡ
һ⻰Ҷ޵иˣ˵űҪʽԣҶ輱æҶ޵ǰ
ףô˵С춼ĶӣС˵ѡ븸׷ŹС졣
Ҳ徻˵˵ΪһŻ£ڵãŷϾȻֱң˵ŮԸ޸һ˵Ҷҵĸ顣
һ²Ҷ裬ҶĸҲ˵ˣΪ֮ǰ۹ŷţֱԲҪ˻顣
ҿڿ˵ŮǼ޸һҪģҪ޸һ


009 һ
ԣǷÿһ˴Сң㣬ңôˣѵͲҶ𣿡
һ̣ҶڱˣʮĳһԵıҶ޵סˣҶ軹ĸҲסˡ
Ҷңڻĵ۹Ҷ޵֣Ȩ˻ĵ۹֮⣬Ҷ޵п˵һ졣
ûκһ˸Ҷ޵˵ģҶǵһҲһû뵽ǣҶ޵вûеıŭ
΢΢̾Ϣһ漴Ҷ޵Щɣ˵ŷҵ˻飬Լȥ㶨Ժڼ㡣
Ҷжʱһʵû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼ漴ҶȻ£λҶ޵оͷ
ֳԼĸףĿͷվҶû˿ԥٵĳŴ֮⼲ȥ
С죡

еĽʱصڴõÿһ䣬ôУ궼ʧˡ
ˣȥɣҶҲҪһʲôķ
Ҷ޵Ȼһķŭ֮ɫ漴㳯źȥҶĸףǰĿռ䣬վš
ܿ죬Ҷ˻ĵ۹ŷϵĸۡȴ
ȵȣԭǴ󽫾ү֪ү˸ۡʲô飬ǼҴ˿Ǻæġ
һ˵æ֣˵ĸأǳ˱֮ɫ
󽫾Ҷҵүĵ۹ÿһ˶֪Ҷǳһͨ˼Уô㲻Ƿ
ȴƫƫ˴󽫾עһӶҪ⻷֮Уȴһܾ۵Ĺ⻷
еķŭһһʱпܱҶĿǰˣ˵
ǼҴ˵ĸۡǽӣǽүӣ硣
ղ˵ٴ䳰ȷĺУǰȷһֻ
ҶеŭҲƲסڵʱת
һ漴Ҷǰ߶ʮһһһͣϣʱ
ֵĿǰĺ꣬ʵû뵽һֱΪҶүΪʲô˿¡
ڻҪֹҽȥ𣿡ʵû˿С
˶ͬʱҡҡͷ˿µֶΣôҲʹء
ҶҲûȥˣ漴㳯Ÿȥʱ򣬸վˣолĵ۹Ĳŷϡ
ԣıŮҶδޣŷ顣
ôĵӣȻ˽󳼸ۡ㸸ףҲ룬ο㣡
еľǱ֮飬ŷһǰ꣬ой˵޴ɷϹۣŰԼıŮ޸һ
ŷҲһı֮飬Ŀ뿴һۣŷϵĸ첲˵ףȥʡŪǼҵĵء

ԺʱѻȸһضܹһҰްĴ漴쳹Ͽա
б£ͰѸղ˵Ļ˵һ顱ŷɫһΣϺޱȣ˶ʱоһС㣬һͷŭҰ
һӣʲôûмģǷʲô
Ҷû˿ԥĮ˵ϳĿǰĸŮ
ڻûɱ˵Ͽʧһȥ㸸ףҪôģ
ŷǿסеŭ֪ǰǲһԼĸۡ¡
Ͼֻһ󳼣һ۹Ĵ󽫾ʵϿǵλҲһȼ
УһҪҺúýѵߣҾ㿴
ŷʲôʱοģȻһֱķҪǴȥԺҲڼˡ
ЦһҶ쵭Į˵ģҲߣ㣬˽֮飬㲻Ҫ˻Ҳͬ⡣
֪Сĺˣûãʵ㣬ҾǼ޸һҪģҲ޸һȰ㻹ǻؼҺúϴϴ˯ɣ
ŷһ˻б漴¶һ˿֮飬ֺ˵ûаǰ
ҿҪһᣬҪɵȥҾͿǺ㴦
ŷָԵӣȻһ˿֮飬һֵҫһ㡣
ŷϲû˵ֻۿǰһС


010 Ȣз
ڿƣȴҶүǵɡ
ŷҲĿǰһУ˵ǸһᣬʵǱ׽Ūǰĺꡣ
ҲӦ˻飬ΪжãΪҪ㣬ԸȢһзϣҲԸÿһЫŮˣ
Ҷûȥǰ󺺣˹ζŷղ˵ӵ˸еߡ
һŷһʱ侹ȻûзӦȵӦ֮ʱŷıӶ챻ˡ
ɱһкҸ𣡡
һŭ𣬶ʱصϿգһ̵ŷ飬ͺͷ˷ţһ㣬ֻ۾ͨ졣
ȴûж˸ûжô˵ǰ궼ǻĵ۹ʵȨҶҵүҲɱҶ޵вǷʬŹ֡
˵Ļû𣡡
һŭŷһķˣȻûжֻһĿǵĴˡ
Ҫɱѵһپˣ֮󣬰ү̧ش󽫾ĵ˵ͷŷ漴תȥ
õָӵ׿ϣڳˣʱðһ󺺣Ұĳǰ꼲
ЦһҶ֪֮ԳһˣΪУֻһжԸһʦڵġ
ûκεĳɣڵʱתҶϣ˲һŻ˿
˫һѣ󺺶ʱأֻƲտģһƬǴڴڵѪ
һ£˱סˣϷŷҲסˣʱǰ֮ΪļһȻܹսʤһˡ
ǷҪΪѧἸͿ԰ѷĳƺţǶϣ첻ѷ£˭Ҳ
Ȼ𾪣ŷ黹Ϊǰ֮꣬Կսʤ󺺣ѧ
еĴ󺺣ֻҪ׳ģȫȥŷЦţһ껹ӳġ
ɱһҶʮĳһٴαղڼУԼĸףᣬǰһȺˣȴ޹ϸ
޼Ǭ
ǬʱʹҶ˫ָ죬ʮŰýӰԲηλתš
ಣಣಡ
ýӰʮŵӰӣһգ۱ûռ䣬һҵĽ쳹󳼵ĸۡϿա
ŷʱɵˣһͬҵĽ˹ȥΪǰһѪڿС
ŷϳڴԺ֮Уǰֻʣ޼ļ£ͬȵĿǰĺꡣ
Ƕɱģ
ɱģˣǿɱҲɱͬɱ
û˿ķϣҶĮ˵ţղųɱ˼ʮ˵ĲƵġ
һ㶣ŷҲʱһҲû뵽һֱǷ꣬Ϊʲôһ̱˿¡
ֻһ˲飬ʮʧؼ䣬һ뵽ղŵĻвԾķһɺ¡
ҶֵĶӣɱôˣһҪץ㣬Ȼ󽻸Է䣬󣬰
䣬ҶǰʱˣһģһӣһҶҲͬʱ֣ǰòһӣΪﵽ֮
һССߣҲ﷢񣬼ֱ֪ߵغ񣡡
ͬʱ˵һģһϵ飬ǵ䶯˸еͬһ˵
̣Ǵ㵥ǴȺŹʲôҶţ
ھʯӴǬʱͬʱҲҶһЩϢԭߺ̶֮ϱ֮
ֳ֮֮Ϊ쾳磬֮쾳磬ֻû뵽龳ͬҲ硣
ӵϣ漴¶һ˿֮ɫһǰ˵ҶȻǵһҲһ
ȺŹϣУ£
ͬëȻҶҲ⣬Ҳһë֮治Уһ̣ҶĶ仰ĺ塣
֮Уʱ߳һӣҶ첻ô޷˵ﲻͬ
ȳУ֮ٳ֣
ͬҶȴһŭ֣֮˵һб԰Լ򵽡
һ裬ΪҲǴǰǸ
ȳпԣҲã㻹ǹ˺ԼΪʱҵĽ£ڶ
ϵ֮飬ӵŨң˷ǲҲС
ûٴԣҶ˺˫ָ졣
޼Ǭ


011 콣
ûгֻ֣Ǿվԭأǰһ߾ôǿҲ̵ܺĵλ
ʮŰýӰ콣һ㣬ĳӣĺըš
ֱӴӰһ̣Լ˶ôһ󣬵Ϊʱӣ׹ѾĽӰ˵֮Զ
ýҵڶУ
һ̾ͬʱ˵ǰһ̲ǰĺꡣ
ʵɽʯһͷĹţǰ꼤
Ц漴ǬٴʹʮŰ콣꣬ٴǰӡ
ȻҶһ̵ʵԻɱһ̣һ̣Ϊﵽ۷壬򲻿ܻɱ
ҲΪʲôҶ˲ıǮٴԱˣǸ¶һ˿Ѫ
һ²󣬰ɫ𵴣һֱںŷϣҲһ˼Ŀǰꡣ
ȻԻһǿ̣ôֻһܣ˱Ҳ̾磬ŷʵ벻ͨôһɳġ
ʤ㣬Ҳսʤǣ㻹߰ɣ
ͬʱ˵ŷҲû˵ʲôּ֪Ȼ˵ˣô϶סǰꡣ
˲ңҲˣҪңұˣ
ޱȵı䣬ҶɱĿǰӣһŷϲ֪ΪʲôǰһۣкȻֱҧһƵġ
Ѳ㻹Ҫɱң
ŷ϶ʱŭĺʵû뵽һֱ֮ΪˣھȻҪɱʵ޷ܡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ȻĳնɱǳͷǱҪеġ
Ҳɱ㣬Ҫȡϵһ
ʲô
ɫʱ䣬ŷʵڲţǰȻԼ˵ô˵ǵ۹Ĳ󳼡
Ҫһָͷ
޼Ǭ
䣬Ҷ漴֣κεĻᡣ
ҲһʱڹʲôӣҪŷеʲô⣬̣ʱҲ
ͬʱ߸Ծͬʱ£콣Ӱѷסǵȥ·
ʱҶһܿŷϵǰĿǰӣҶ컺̧֡
ʲôҸ㣬ҿǵ۹Ĳ󳼣㸸ףҲûȨ
ûеŷϰѻ˵꣬漴һҵĽ쳹ԺУһָ漴£ϳһָеʣһ̯Ѫ
С첻УԺҲ߻ˣ
ɫĿǰˣǸû뵽һ
սţǱȴȥָǱģǵ۹Ĳ󳼣Ȼ˵һ֮֮ϣȨȴǴ졣
Ҫɱң㿴ûǸˣһˣ
˵֮Ҷ㳯Ŵ⼲ȥһ̵ٶȣֱﵽʷߵļ¼
ҶţҪһ̣мſսһͬʱ֣Ҳﵽ̾磬ܵһ
ĺǣҪץסҪˣҪʬŷԼѪڶ䣬ɱĺš
ɫӦһ漴Ҳ˳ȥһߣȻУһ˵ָܿ죬±ڵ۹ڴˡ
ҶٵĳźԺţܿһͥԺ֮УҶ޵з̸ʲôôżҶ޵еɫʱһ
ôżʲôɺͳ
ûȥ׵Ҷǿе𾪣漴˵ף²ˣȫ۶ͨС죬˵ҪˣҪʬ
䡭
һ죬ǰʯ˲ѳ飬Ҷ޵Ȼվɫ̿ƵĶǰꡣ
˵ô£˭ô󵨣ȻͨҶӵܣ
һ̣Ҷ޵ŭˣҪ˵ǵ۶ĵ۹һ֮⣬ûκ˸ͨҶҵˡ
ǲŷµ˵ǵõ׿ϵģ
һҶ֪һ̵ĸףĶŭˣȻԼĵܵһ˳֮Ϊķ˵ףҶҵӵܡ
Ҷڻĵ۹һĴ壬ڲ󳼾ȻĿŵֱͨǲҶҷ
ľڣ
Ҷ޵л䣬һӰ漴£ľʱǰĳǰһ
ڴˣȥ˭ֱնɱ
Ҷ޵зߺ޵˵Ҷĸŵôסˣֱ˿̣ԼĶ䡭


012 ɱ˳
ľ֪Ҷ챻ȫͨ飬΢΢һ̾漴˳ȥˡ
￴ĸףȥʹһˣҵҪǸƥ򵽵Ҫʲô
˵Ҷ޵бڵ뿪ˣֻһ͵Ҷ裬ΪСûм˷ŭ
ʹ֮ϣһͷڣ۵ӣڴ֮ϵϣǻĵ۹Ļʵۣۡ
λ󳼣һգһ֮ΪˣȻʱ蹷һ㣬ɱôˣŷϵһָͷ
ϣ֪Ϊ˺£ȻҪͨҶѵĳ˵Ƭ֮ʣҪȫ׷ɱǲеˣ
һҶ޵аڵʵ֮˷Ϊ۹İڽɽǿҶҴġ
Ҷ汲һػŵ۹Ҷ޵û뵽ǣһ̣ۣȻͨҶӵܡ
Ҷˣ޲û˵ҪɱҶ죬ֻץһ飡
۶ʱƤЦⲻЦĻشڵΣΪѣһǽһǲ󳼣ԭ׼ҡ
ԴҸϣնɱʮҶնҵһָ˵õ
ȻָŷĿŶӣȻأһ˿㡣
һҶ޵пǸûн̵ĶָɻѣǸӣ˭˽⣬ôնɱʮҶء
Ҿ֪㲻ţҵʱҲ룬һȴҼһֻ蹷һ㵽ɱˣҪҵ˵Ҳˣ
Ҳ֪ǰӻı飬ŷ϶ʱЦ
ڸ˵һھͷ㣡
ŶԷƺ˵ѣҳҶ޵п֪ŷԵʲôɫȫ֮
ԼĶӣʲôʱôˣҶ޵ԽԽ鲻Ծ
ʱһææܽֱӵϥڵϣɴ˵ϣһ꣬˵ҪԳԼǸͨӷ
Ҷ޵кŷϣϷۣҲǶʱһ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼס

ǣ
漴ٵļҶ޵еɫѱޱΪҶնŷָ飬аΪʲôҪ
ܿ죬Ҷ˽ҶټԼ֮ʱϲûжپȣѾµƵġ
뿪֮Ҷȴûи¹²Ҷ޵ɫЩԣ۱ˣɫҲ漴
󵨿ͽϾȻҲõ
һŷϳɱֻҪһ뵽ԼǸָͺ޲ȥ⣬һҧ
ȻתͷĿǰĶָӣ˵һֻĸʦǻϣҲ¹򡣡
סҪٸңһζϵľͲָˣ
䣬Ҷ񣬶ʱӵ壬ŷжʱһҪǸطˣôŻʲô˼
йȻЧŷϲ֪ǱĻסˣԼ˵ˣ漴վԭأһԵĿǰꡣ
ĵ˵ͷͷβҶ춼ûкҶ޵˵һ仰˫ָ£ؼ䣬˵
ϣ鲢ңŷңҳƲѲų֣һѵû뵽ǣȻȸ״۹Ҫֲ󳼣кã
һжʱһնϱ˵ָڵãǱ˲ԣܺһ
ŷ˵Դңնɱ˼Ҷʮˣն˰ָд£
û
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˿ŷ϶ʱϣ¶һ˿ЦҧĿֱ졣
㣬Ҳնһָɣ㻹նɱ˶ʮҶô˵㶼ɱˣɱ˳쾭壬˵أ
Ҳû뵽ش˸ɴ࣬ûиԼ¹в⡣
û飬ʻһ飬Ҫǲɱ˳ô죿
۶ʱһ漴ʵû뵽ǰ˵Ĳ񣬲򣬶һײ
ɱ˳쾭壬ΪȫҸ㣬ǻʹǰĸۡɲ
䣬ܣ˲ʮǿߣʮ˶еİΪʮ۵ֱ֮Ϊ
Լ׾ܣҵǿд㣬Լɣ


013 
ҶĿܵʮ֮ڵٵתУʮҳݡ
ܹһǿսƽ֣˵ʮˣһ̣Ҷиû˿ĵġ
ס֣Ѳ췴
˫׼֮ʱҶ޵гʱ쳹ڴÿһ䡣
ŬƽϢһڵŭҶûг֣ԲκӣԼĸףᷴ
ϣȵ۵Ϊ˱ҶһйһöҶҷ˺ȥһ֪ϻǲǵ£
֪޲û˵ҪɱҶ죬ȻɱˣôҪܵͷ˵ĶӣԴ°ȫ뿪е㱾죡
˵Ҷ޵ҲǳɻԼĶʲôʵԴλӺһƵġ
ǰͬһɻİ䣬۱ûʣת꣬ʵ޸һĻᣬˣ޲ͷ㣬ʱ򻹿ԴӦһ
ã˵
û˿ԥҶ漴ӦֻҪӵʵ˲Ż㣬෴ûʵô硣
ʮĸܵˣ¶ɫ͵ĵ˵ͷ˵㸸׻ȥɣ֮Ͱʹ
˵֮վʧ˴֮ڣһֻ̣ҶҸӣͶָĲ󳼡
ߣ
һŷʵû뵽»һ˭Ҳܿóƫ̻Ҷҵˡ
ȥǸŮҶѾˣӴԺҶҺŷңҲûа˿ϵԺٸҶңһȥݷõģ
һһ뵽̵ֶΣŷо̲ס㶣˦һӣ漴ŷϱٵ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬ҶҸӱص˸УҶûкκ˵ĸҲû˵һͷԼķС
ôˣʲô°ɣ
ҶĸףǵĿԼɷ˵֮飬֪ȫͨԼĶӣ¸ӵĵˡ
Ҷ޵ҲޱȣһʮˣȻһȻ˸֣һǴУȻ뿪
˭ŲţǲţҶĸ֪ȥ֮ҲһĲţϾ̫˼
ô𣿡
ô֪Ҳûмʶܹ˲նɱʮ󺺼Ҷʵ´ﵽ߾磡
Ǻڵľһ
ˣҵжϣڵʵҪ֮ϣ
ҶмֱǴ죬һһĴˣĵģʵԼߣ
һ뵽ʮ꣬һֱ˳֮ΪĵܵܣȻһ죬ʵͱԼˣĻ˭Ҳš
֮󣬻ʵۻʲôȥѰɣ
ᣬ֮ҹʮһεȣҲµĲҹս
Ҷ޵вµһ㶼ûд˼һƧĻ԰֮УƷζϺõıݴȻԺеİٻš
һɫӰȻû˿Ķͺһֱ㣬֪ĳ֡
ȷҶʵܹսʤһ̣
۲ûлͷȻƷζеϺñݴȴû˸ղŵζһ̳˵Į
ҿĺϸһŽӦúֻܴҪ۷壬κ˶Ķ֣
ãʮһΣһǲ䣬ȥ׼һ£ڣȽ
漴ɫӰʧ԰֮Уĺһڱݴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʮ֮һҪͳһʱҶҲͶûˣ
Ļص԰֮Уž԰УֻһƬҷ֮㡣
ҶҴãҶ޵ɫЩѿĳ˼ʲôˣǵǵĿҶ޵С
˺ܾãҶ޵вŻ˵׿ڴӦ²ڸı䣬ʱͿԼ컯ˡ
ףߣ᲻ڣ
˵Էģʵۣ۶ģ
ҶԶԶĿʹķ򣬺͸ռ䣬ֱ֮ء
ȥĴ˵м£
ջҶ޵΢΢һ̾漴Ķ˵
Ǹף
жʱһϲҶ֪ǸʲôĿֲڣȫ۹Ҳҳֵġ
ûٴԣ漴Ҷٵļ𣬺ܿʧ޾֮С


014 
УҶŻеСʨǣĮĿŲԶĴʮֻÿڷ͵
ʱһ΢ߵ⣬һŮС˵үүȥһ˴ãүҲˡ
磿ҶϡǵãʮǰǸȫɫµĴ磬ÿ챳ԼһΰȥˣҲûмˡ
վķСʨǣҶ첻֪Ϊʲô޾ɣһ㣬ҡҡͷŴȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ˴ãһ֪ΪʲôһɳڿеѹȸУʱѹ͸
磬ˣ
ԶһҶ꣬һ֮ɫĿǰꡣ
˵ʵаȫ뿪ںұһ£ҪܽУ֮ȣұȥ
ȣҶ֪ʲôֻ֪Ԫ½ϣ۹ĵ۹۹۹
Ҳǿеɻ漴Ҷ˵ÿʮ꣬۹ͻٰһȣʤһԵõ۹ʮǳأҹٰ졣
Ǻʲôϵ
˵ڣҶʱ׹ԭǼ£ĵ۹ȥμȡ
̧ͷĿһ۶磬Ҷ漴ĵ˵ͷмȻ֪ԵɣҶҲûʲôñʾġ
ͽ̣
˵֮Ҷ˳ã䳡Ϊĵ۹Ĵ󽫾䳡Ǳزٵġ
Ҷ޵ӣҲ䳡ľĴ֣ҲѵȺߡ
ֵվãҶɿԼܵܣһ˿ʮķƣҪǻһܼ
֮ڣֻҪ㻹վţӮҵΪǰոմﵽ۷壬ǿʼɣ
۷壬ҶжʱһȻ֪Լ磬ʵ϶ͬһ㣬Ҳû뵽Ȼﵽ۷徳硣
һ˿֣ʱҶɵܣûйĽҶ֪ԼĴ磬һвֻ֣ز
Ҳû˿ĳɣҶڵʱٵתƣѱ֮ͨɫ¶ȣҲߵˡ
һҶٵĳǰȥ漴ưݺݵĳǰնȥ
ֺƣʱײһһŨҵտζ˲䴫
ȥĿ죬Ҳ죬һҶȻûлҶɵֻ֣֪Լʵ
͵ĵͷҶȻû˵ʲôǹۿˣ֪Ҷɵͷĺʲô
޼Ǭ
ȻҶ֪¼ĹǬȣֻ߲ͣһֻ̣ǬܸõķӳԼơ
ʮŰýӰʱǰȥʮƿ𣬲ҶɣۿˣҲһ
ֻأҶ漴Ҳǳ۷ʵԥһʼУֻһ̣Ѿ·

ֱʮҶвһԵĽҶ֪ܵĽ϶ʲôƷ
Ӯˣ֮ȣʸμӣΪĸеˣ
ҲΪõĶеˣ
жʱһůƮҶ֪Լôһ죬ֵ֣ܵһϣ¶ǿҵֵ֮顣
Ҷ޵΢΢һ̾û뵽ӣһ̣ҲһɶԿ̾ߡ
ˣ⵽ô£
ҶҸˣҶĴȴ֪ҶҸ˵ڸʲô
ȥҲһ£ŷǸƥʲôҪݾߣ
֪Ϊʲôһ˿ȷǣĵ۹ĲŷϣȻ֪ᷢʲô飬Ҷ޵лЩġ
κεĳɣľ۱֣ٵʧԶľͷ
ǰӣҶ޵һ̣ĸоԭʮԼСӣе̫ˡ
ףʦת㣬ʮ֮˫ħᵽʦ׼ʱᾡϹģ
Ҷ޵г֮ʣҲȻĶ֮Уһ䣬Ҷ޵е˵ͷ漴˵
ȥʦʮ֮а취Ըħͷȵ֮뿪죬ٰͻ
Ҷ޵еĻӰ䣬һҶɺҶ裬һĿǰĸס
Ҷ첢ûж˵ʲôУѰ¶ģʮ֮Լһ뿪Ҷҡ


015 貨΢
һֲҪ˭ʮӴ֮㲻Ҷӵܣȥɣ
Ҷ޵ɫΪѿ˵ֵûа취뿪
֮Ҷ츸վڻʹ֮ڣȴżȡ
Ҳ֪ˣֻҪøһʱʲôҶӦ㣡
ĮĿǰ꣬ȴЦ
ĵ˵ͷҶȻһĮ飬ĲҶ޵еۣۣҲǰܵۡ
ܿ죬ȱ㿪ʼˣһ׵䳡ϣ۹Ĵȫվ˲ͬ
۹ģֱˣҲ˵ʣµģֻһˣȻͬʱ֣ڳϵģʤߡ
۹ʹߣһҶ쿴ȥŮ˵۹Ĺ۹ʹߣȴһߣ۹ϵʦ
ʼɣ
һͷӣûǰ԰ǹݵӣһ̵ۣȫһõӡ
һ죬ȱʽʼˣȵһԵģ۹ͻĵ۹
۹ɳһŵߣȫ£һ˿ⶼûУĵ۹սһλʵѾﵽڵĽ
վм̨֮ϣԳŶԷһ񣬲ʤΣǲʧ
ܹ֮ͨʯ׮Ҷӵб̬ߣ۷壬Ҳûǰ̬
Ҷ춼Ǭȫɹʱʵﵽ磬ΪڵǬֻǸոš
ûйԥ漴չ˿ƵĶսôȻǽĶ֡
۹ĹϲûжٵǣĿųϵĶս
ȡһȣǣȳֵһ̣ؼһ˿õĵ⡣
۾һۣȵ۵ʱ򣬷ߵ˫ƣѾĶϣֻҪ΢һ
˵ˣ
˵֮󣬽һȥǰ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȥɣʤ˱ҳ£̫⣡
漴۹۹ȶսһţһ׳Ĵ󺺣۹ȴһӡ
û˿ʱ䣬״ţ󺺱չ˿ţһֱӰӣһȭڵأóʱҲû
Ҷ죬۹սһһӵĿӣ˵һŮӣҲ˷ԡ
˧磬ʱҪ飬ūһʹģ
һĵüۣݺݵĻҶļ䣬һµĻʱüͷ壬ϵļƤ

ǿѹסеҪΪ˵۹˵ںԥˣʵǿҲĥ
ҲˣҲ԰һЩŮ֮飬Ҫ˧ԣʱ˵벻ūˣ
һ£漴ڵٵתҶȥɣ⻰еͶ
˫Ʋ֣ҶĿǰһǰ
û˿ԥһ£ǧʯҶ첻ţԵֵס
ϸû˿ĻţȵӰֻа֮ʱһת漴ӰķΧ
һʲôÿٶȣҶţԼʹ̵þҲ׷ϡ
˧磬ūңūҿǻĵģ
ͷƤʱ󷽣ҶֱܲˣԸݺݵսһҲԶĥ
貨΢ңŵĵӣ
Ҷ޵˵û˸ղŵĴݣΪң֣Ҳ˲Ǻ֪Ƕ˵ңžһɽ
˵֮һңţ˵ɵĵӣôڡ
ҲһңΪ½֮һʵһˣҲԸĵ۹
εҡҡͷҶ޵漴˵涨ֻΪﵽ֮ϵߣŲЩֻǺߣȴǿԡ
ĵ˵ͷҲһصı飬ǸռϷ磬ȥҶ˲ɡ
а취ƽ貨΢ȥҶ䣡
һ̾貨΢ΪңŵĶžѧôƽģҶ޵֪ôҪҳƽ貨΢İ취
ʱһ˿ϸĴ뵽۵Ķ֮У漴¶Цݡ
а취ƽ貨΢


016 Ĺ
֪ƽ貨΢ķ
һҶ޵жʱһ𣬻ĵ۹λʵֻۣһΪﵽߣô֪ƽ貨΢ķ
Ҫʹ貨΢һ취ûУֻһֻ̣Ҫʹʨ𹦣ֳԭΡ
ʨ𹦣Ҷ޵һΪʨҶҵĶžѧȻǺǿȴһġ
Ȼ۶˵ˣҶ޵Ҳûгɣ漴˵ʨ𹦡
ʵ˶֪ڸղţΪңŷ֮ʱһϸĶС
˵ǳϵʹ貨΢һʹңŵһžѧĹꡣ
˵ңŵžѧ߾磬ֻҪһһ仰Թκһ˵Ļǣ˵аޱȡ
ҶѾҪֲסˣô˵ֻһû꣬ңŵĶžѧĹ꣬㲻ȥ
һʨ𣬶ʱ쳹̨ǳϵǣûκεӰ죬ȻЦеĿǰꡣ
Ҷ죬Ҷ޵кҲһȻʨ𹦣Ҷ޵ɻĿԵۡ
ʱǹϸ΢ٴδ뵽ĶУֻ˲䣬۵ɫ
û뵽ȻңŵĺĵӣҶ鷳ˣ
ε˵һ⻰Ҷ޵ҲһεĿ̨ϵˣңŵĺĵӣ֪жء
СԩңûҺʲôҪҪūҰ㣡
Ҷһ˵ԴʱһΣʲôסһ㣬ڵٴת漴һʨȻ
һɫ԰׵Ŀǰ꣬û˸ղŵ֮顣

˵꣬貨΢ٴʹ漴ʧԭأתۼҶԣƣݺݵĳնȥ
ЦûĹ꣬һ̵и˿ΣգһǰߣҶ컹ûз

䣬ͬһ£ҶȴǳصģȻֻ̣һߣǹҶںĸߵ͡
˫һԣʱɫˣֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҫֿʼܿı˽ɫһŨҵսζ
һҵĺһҲǳΪһսĿҶûκεĳɣֲһȥ
ûϢڴ˿̣۹ߣһܣһɱҲԤʾ۹֮У׵ⳡս
۹ȻվԵۣŭ˵ǲǳ̫ˣ̨֮ϾȻնɱ֡
˵õȣȴնɱնɱ˭
ԿڣҶ޵漴Ц˵ǶԼĶնɱԷߣле㵣ǡ
Ҷ˼ǣңˣãҶס˵֮ղҪڲźã
Цһ˦ʣµӣܿ뿪䳡
΢΢һ̾Ҷ޵ףǳ׵ңˣȻڹ涨ңŲ֣ϰʮ̣ңŵʵֱСһ
۹ԽԽˣңɽΪԺ޼ɣҲ̫Сǻĵ۹ʵˣ
ҲһŭĿţոȥ۹ʹߣȻûнȻ뿪һӡ
˫֣ȫɱ
ۻ䣬ӰһգۣʧˣҶ޵֪۹ʹڣֻһзˣ԰ȻĻȥˡ
ǲеˣô˵۹ʹڣһǻʵ۵ʦͲս𣿡
ѵΪƾһССʹڣͿڱǰҹҪҹϧս
һȻ۹Ĺڻĵ۹ʲôǣ֪Уĵ۹Ļʵۣһܵˡ
ڣǰģȴһֲԥĻʵۣĶ֣ʵие̤ʵ
ʲôʱҹ۹ͬ˹ϵ˵أ
֪ʲôĿģ۰ĸ֣˵ĸأǰŮһ
˵Ķԣʲôʱͬˣ
ȻЦ˭ҲܿóֻǿջЦˡ
ĵ˵ͷֶԵҶ޵˵쿪ʼǿ߽ľ·


017 ʺ
û˵ȴ̲סǰΪǻӲһ˿档
ڶֵȣֻʣҶ죬о۹ߣһ׳ţ󺺣һߡ
ĿǰˣҶвûжٲȻ˶̣ȴûдﵽ۷塣
Ҫһ»̣Ҷ֪ƾڵʵ޷һ㡣
㻹ɣҪ˵ֻһߣ̣ҲͬʱսʤǶ˵ģ
׳ţ˵Ҷ쿴óǰĴ󺺣ʲôˣһߵߣȴûôˡ
ţҪסԼݣﲻ㵱˵ģ֣
ͬʱֱ֣еȣһ˿Ϣ
޼Ǭ
ʮŰýӰԲηλܿĳǰȥռкꡣ
һ̣жʱˣʵû뵽һߣȻӵ˵ʵһ˰ԵĽ
û˿Ŀԣ̳ڴ⣬ⳡҶȴû˿ϲãΪղѾ֣Ҫ˳ڴ⣬ԼҪӮû˿Ŀܡ
ۣ֪߽ʲǫ֣֮̂ϣɫ΢꣬ʵ
ҶӣһΪɲ⣬ǲ޵ǻĵ۹
۵ĻסˣһԵҶ޵УҲǾȵĿǰλʵۡ
ÿ𣿡
ʲôܣֻҪԸ⣬һнпܣ
ۺҶ޵жˣԸо̨ϵ꣬кܺõӰ죬Ҫܹ
۶Իĵ۹Ƕ۹һĪĺ¡
ȣĵ۹ӮʤҶվǰɫĮĿǰһС
˵㻰ڿκһʲô޶Ӧ㣡
Ҫһǳأ֮Ƴǣ
ҶԥһҪһ£ۣҶ޵УҲһɻѵĿԼӡ
޿ɲһ£Ϊʲôѡ
ԣ
˵Ļشһʱ侹ȻסˣΪԴʵۣû˸˵
Ҫ˵꣬λȨصҶҲ˵ǳϵǣ۾Ȼû
ˣ޿ԸõĳǳأƳǵشƫƧʱҰ壬Ҫã
ˣϳȫ
ȻᶨޱȣûԥֱӲҶΪ󽫾ҰƳǽһ򾫱
˫ָ£ؼ䣬Ҷ칧ĳǰĴһ˳˴֮ϡ
Ҷ䣬ĶΪʲôҪʺĵط
ۿѾʧ꣬ɻʵΪҶҪƳǣһΪƶĵط
ˣƳǵشĽ紦һд˵еҰ峣ɧţԥҪƳǣȻɡ
ҲΪ˶Ұɣ
г̾һҶ޵ʵѾµҶ룬ʮ׵ģûһ츸ӦеΡ
УʮûСĶӣΪΪҶҵûʵǷ
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019 δ
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020 ٲ
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С죬ǰĳˣܶԸ˵ģǸ׺ʹ磬һܹսʤοң㻹ʰʰһߣ
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021 ծӻ
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022 
˫ħҲʹ죬ֱ뿪ҶңħȻ޵ħȴŵԵġ
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һѪ漴Ҷ̾һ˵òˣ֪ߵһϣҶܹһ
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023 ʶ
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ŷˣҡ
ʲô˵
Ҷֱ͸ˣԴʵ֪Ժÿһ˼èһ㣬˵ǽͰ͡
ҶкƣԼʵˣҲûгΪɱħͷΪʲôÿһ˼ô¡
һ뵽ŷǸƥойŭһ뵽ŷϵǾ䣬ԸҵĺӼ޸ҪģҲҪ޸һ
һ뵽Ҷϣʱ¶һǿҵıϢ˫۸ǱĿһǰŮ
Ϊһ⣬ҪʵʵشҪȻ֪ģ
ĵ˵ͷŮ麦µĿǰ꣬ɫѲ԰һƬˡ
Ϊʲôÿһ˼ң˹һǲҳ
ǣүĺӢǡŮ֨֨أ񲻸˵Ƶġ
˵
һĺҶ۵ĿǰŮϵıϢ޹˼ɵĴ˹ȥߵϣһͨôܳܵס
˵˵
û˵Ůһƨ˵ϣ漴Ҳ̲סứһֵĿ
һҶиɻˣǰŮֱͰһɱħһ㡣
˵ɣҲôģ
ҶɫҲû˸ղŵı䣬˵ףĻǺģֻС̫ܵˡ
ǿסеĺ£ȴȻɲסµ漴Ů˵۶ˣ˵Ҷүһɱ˿ħÿ첻ɱϸʮˣоͲ
жʱһ漴ҶǾúЦǾÿò£ҥһŷǸƥ򴫳ȥġ
ֵǣҥԣȻҲţǻ֮Ц
㿴ɱħ𣿡
Ҷ쿴ǰȻڵϵŮº͵ʵҡҡͷ
үɱħ
Ϊʲôôң
һҶиɻѣȻΪʲôͺɱ˿ħһ㡣
Ϊŷ˵ĸ⣬ڷŶʮʬЩʬȫǶֶϽŵģŷҵ˵ˣЩʬҶүɵģ
ԭˣҶˣԭһжŷϸĹиںɱ˿ħɱ˿ħΪЩ˶Ӧɱ
ɣԺҲô£Щ˵ȷɱģ
䣬ҶԸоǰŮ̲סһ£ɫҲøӲ԰ˡ
֮ɱЩˣΪЩ˸ɱУٹһʱ䣬ҾҪ뿪۶ˣʱҲˣ
˵֮ҶҲŮɫ漴㳯Ŵȥֻһ͵Ů
үʲôˣӦҵ۾Ǹҵģ
ʵУԼģӦôСҶүһλ׽үûдǡ
ʧүŮƺĳ־Ҳ漴¶ᶨɫһţ漴ŮҲǰÿٵȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ˴֮ϣֻжˣһĸףĵ۹Ĵ󽫾Ҷ޵Уһǻĵ۹Ĳŷϡ


024 ëȻ
ҶҶ޵йһ񣬸ûпһԵŷϣֲ󳼣ֱǵ۹ĺ档
Ҷ죬㣬ץʲôطȥˣ
Ҷ컹ûվȣŷϱ㼱ɴŭĺɫɫ
ƥ򣡡
ֻ֣漴ҶԵϣԹԵĺǰһۣŷǰͺͿûʲô
ʲôٽһ飡
ŷϼֱҪըˣҪ˵һëûг꣬ǵʵۣҲ˵ڵãȴһˡ
ƥǸϿ˵û¹ȥҶҲӭ㣡
񣡡
ʱһֱû˵Ҷ޵УȻ˵Ϊô˵ŷ϶ǻĵ۹Ĳ󳼣ȻԼĶӣݺ࣬Ҳ̫֡
ãã̳ĺöӣȵҾȥʹһ
ʲô͸Ͽ˵ɣûʲô£ǻԱɣ
һŷʵû뵽Ҷ޵Ҳ˵һ漴ŷҵĿͨһƬ
ܾãŷϲ΢˵㣬ɫѺͮͮһƬζվס
Ժȥͻ˵ֻ㣬㵽׽Ȼ˻飬Ҳܵ飡
ʲôҶи֪ŷ˵ʲôʲôԴ֮󣬾һֱûгȥôܰŷ顣
ŲţҶûаŮһֱڼУû뿪һôܰŷأֱЦ
ŷ֣ǲǸˣѾûгˣ˵мҪ뿪۶ˣôܰŮ
Ҷ޵Ҳһɻ֮ɫĶӣҶɳ飬ҪȻҲõɱŷˡ
Լɣ
˵꣬ŷ漴ӻȡһīɫƣȻһӡ
ӹŷеƣҶɫ漴ˣΪƣСϲģҶӸġ
ǴõƵģ
ǴõģɣǴĹ뷿֮ҵģ˵ɣ㣬ƣôŮķأ
ŷЦʵû뵽ǰӣȻô޳ܣŮھȻϡ
ûһֱûгţôܵŷķȥأô£
һ̣ҶҲԻˣΪֱ̫ڲţԼƣԵ޹ܵ˵ļҸֵǣȻ֪
ʵҶУһӲŵʵǾڵѾǰǸ˳֮ΪҶ졣
һ̵ԼʵԿ֮һǬȾȻûκεķ
ףݺҵˣԲһˣʵҲﵽ۷֮пǡ
ȻҶĻû˵Ҷ޵ҲѾųе˼һ뵽ݺԼӵˣĴڣҶ޵бС
֪˭𣿡
ҡҡͷҶҲһεĿ˭ҲվϹˣҶԿ϶һ飬ǾߣẦԼ
ڳʲôĿģͲö֪ˣһ뵽һǿߣϢĴԼϣ壬ҶойëȻĸо
ǸͲҪǰϷˣֻҪڽҿҪʲô鶼ûзǾ͵һ˵ȥ
ŷһ̣ķŭˣ֤֤ڣǰĸˣȻǲϳϣĵıԼŮ
ʵ֮ŷô£ΪŷϵУҶ˲ɱǼҶʮҶĳ˲ĥļ
ûаŷ飬˹ݺң˭أ
Ҷ첻ô룬벻߶ʮһΪʮûкκ˽ֻбۿû۸ˡ
ȻǣߣͲܽˣǻһȥʹͬϣǲܹų־Ѳȫǣ
Ҷ֪֮ԲɳսʿΪҶҵսʿԸͨ˻ԣҪ˵ʲôߣ֮ڰУץ
־Ͳһˣ־һˣȫ֮Ҳǻĵ۹սӣҶţҪҳŷˣҲҪʮλ־
ףϿܳ־־ǻϵӣвʱǶ鷳
ʲô˼ѵŮͲˣ㣬ô˵㶼ǰ֣ҪŮҡ
ʲô˵ƥ򣡡


025 ޷
Ҷ⸱ˣȫ£ŷţ˶һʵУŷҲ
ҲһʶֻҪҵŮҿҵŮҲŹ㣡
˵֮ŷһ˦ڣٵ뿪ˣ֮ڣֻʣӣصĿŶԷ
˭⼸ûǹʲôˣ
ҡҡͷҶʵ벻Լǵʲôˣʱһ漴Ҷ뵽ʲô漴¶һ˿ɬ
֪˭ˣ
ӦˡҶĵ˵ͷΪУֻǸˣп£ҲֻǸˡ
˭Ҷ޵Ҳ쳣ķŭôڵҶ춼󽫾ȻûĵλߣҲࡣ
۹
˻һҶ޵еסˣôҲû뵽ô۹˵Ҷ죬ûжԹҲûΪʲôҪݺԼĶӡ

Ҷһһʮģ飬ȫԼĸףûһ˿
֮Ҷ޵ɫصĿǰ꣬漴˵Ǹ򵥣ôԺҪע⣬ҿô׷ֵġ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ҶҸû˵ʲôٵĳŻʹȥ
ŷվڴ֮ϣҶҸӽŷϣһĮĿǡ
֮󣬻ûеҶҶ޵ж˵ŷϱ㼱ɴ˵ϣҶ죬ҵŮȻ󽫾Ҳ޷죬Ϊ
˰䣬޻Ϊģ˵һȥ
漴ۿԼǰòŷ󽫾첻ʱ䣬Ūô顣
䣬аŷ飬ĻͷɣһСŮ£һ棬㿴ô
Ҷвòһ۹Ļʵۣܹȷʵˣ˵ĶԣһĻϣȷʲô֮
ϣҲϽŷ飬ȷҰܵģʲôѵƾһ֮ʣͿ˵ǰ֮𣿡
۶ʱüͷһ壬΢ĿŷϣΪҶ˵һûУƾһ֮ʣȷ˵ʲô
ϣСŮ뷿֮ڣҵ󽫾ƣղ󽫾Ҳ׿ڳϣǿģ
ϣȻǿĵȷȷҵƣҲ˵ʲô˵ʲôˣ͵ҵƣȻҲ˵
۶ʱͷ˵˵ӵƣҲ˵ʲôɻ֤ݣҪûã¾Ϊ
һһŷ϶ʱ֪˵ʲôˣΪǿ⣬֤ݸûУôϿ
ҿ֤
ʱһֱûп˵ģ۹ĹȴʱȻ˵
۹һ漴˵ǰеû£гȥȴҶһŮӣæĽ뵽˷ɽ
ʱҲû̫⣬ʱ룬ǸŮ˵ŷ飬ֻǲ²⣬һлҪᣡ
˵֮վһԣ޾ζĿǰĺ꣬漴һ仰Ҳ㲻˵
ԣǿ϶СŮʱ˻鲻ɣҶͻģȻͰŮ˵СŮѾɱˣ
˵˵ţŷϵ㼤Ҷһֱû˵Ϊһ̣֪˭ɵˣղһû
䣬һ飬˵Ƿʵ
ǣ֮ǰڼһû뿪ҸΪ֤
ôǰѵǹ㶼˵ˣĸףһ˻᲻һ𣬳ǻΪ֤򡭡
ĻȻû˵꣬Ǵ֮ϵˣ˵ʲô˼ȴû˷ҶҲû˵ʲô
ΪڵһУķ˵ʲôҲֻͽͰˡ
˵ĶԣҶΪԼӵ֤ˣһ󽫾ΪСŮ˻֮£Ҫ԰ҵŮ
۵ɫѾȫʵУϲ±ߵ꣬ҪȻҲᣬͷһ󽫾
ʵҲףδؾҶɵģеìͷָʱԼ˿˵ԼһӢҲҪһ
ϣϳ˵䣡
˵
Դ֮СҲûгһҿҵ˸񵣱
ͷβҶ޵һֱû˵ҲףµǰȫǸνġ
Ҷ޵֪Ҳ֪£ҲʲôϾ۹ʹڡ


026 ץ
Ҷ޵еĻҪҶ˵ķغܶ࣬ȻҶҲǴ󽫾ǱϾֻһ꣬û˿ս
Ҷ޵ȴһˣСսٴΣΪĵ۹˺ͣһҶ޵˵ĻۣҲҪúء
˵޾ţŷȷҶܵġЦĿǰҶ޵УһŰٰʮȴת䡣
Ӣ
Ҷ޵йĳϱߵۣһ¶飬ô˵ϻǺܸӵġ
ϣҵŮô죿ѲԼˣ
ŷпɼˣƫ̻Ҷңֲ˵ʲôΪŷҲ֪ĵλôܹҶ޵ȡ
վһԣɫҲ̫ÿҲû뵽۶Ҷң˵Σиûʲôá
ǿˣҶôɳ飬²ˣŷȥ֣ʱҲ㣬һͬѰҵģ
˵֮۱뿪˴ֻʣ»Ҫ˵ŷϣһ̾Ϣŷв֪ô졣
˵ףֻǻĵ۹һ󳼣Ҷһ㣬ӵԼľӣҲֻˣѰѲϵ顣
ŷ֣˵Ůܵģǲţڵãұϣûɳ־ģڡ
ôˣ㻹ǿȥϵģô˵Ǹ˶ΪݺӣŰҵŮǣȥֻϧԵ޹
΢΢һ̾ҶҲеòŷңȻŷǰĵȷܹ֣ǲô˵ҲѾ
ǶԼģȴŷ飬ʵе˵ȥ
ɣҰŮһӽԺұˮˮҲҪһҵ鷳
ãҴӦ㣬һӣŷǰˣܰҵŮȳӽŷҾҶҵˣΪҶհ
жʱһϲŷп׵ĺܣǰʵǶôǿϳ֣⡣
׽˼𣿡
ʱȻҶԣɫЩŭĿǰĺ꣬ҪʹҶҵĹϵ
û뵽ǣ۾ȻûжҶһһϺ˵ӣڵãҶҲȻһ£һŷϡ
ʲô׽Լֻ㣬ǻĵ۹ʲô۹㻹Сĵĺã
ҶȥǰŮӣΪĻֱ̫ˣһʮ꣬ĻȴΪ۳ɳϳ
Ҷ죬ʲô˼
ŷкȻһɵӣܹӶ˵ĶԻУһ˿˿벻ԼŮģȻ۹
ҪλˣҪ֪Ĵ𰸣
ҶЦеĿǰһһŮҪô˵
۾ȻһŷаԷ࣬Ҳ֪ˣȥҶ֮ĶԹ֪ô£ǣŮ
Ҳ֪Ҷ쵽ʲôԹ㲻ҪǣҵŮϾ޹ģ빫
ȻŷѾ֪ԼŮٷ֮ٵģǱǰץȥȴ˿ûа취ΪϲΪȥ۹Ĺ
˭ҰŮһ˵˵ģ𣿡
ָָǰ꣬Ѿһ˿죬ϸܲҪƵġ
һŷ϶ʱŭ죬ֲ˵ʲôϾǰһֻֻһССĲ󳼡
ҵĶԹòҪǣˣ
ʱҶ쿪˵ˣ֪һжǳȻҪȥܣ֪ܲ¡
ҺʲôԹŷҲҰܵģҪҪҼǵǰɽǸ˵ˣֻһȥԸ
˵꣬㳯Ŵ֮ȥ֮ʱ򣬺ȻתͷĶǰĺ꣬˵
ˣǸ˺˵ֻһʱ䣬ȵ֮ʱûм㣬ôŷ׶༪ˡ
˵֮Ҳûлͷ뿪
Ҷ죬ǰҲԣڸǸؾȾҵŮ
ߺŷļˣΪԸоģ˵֮ûһ˿ĿЦһʱҶĲȥôŮֻһ
ҶҲƲѣôҲ֪ԼʲôʱˣôһҰŮˣֲܲȥ


027 ʱ
ҶӦȥɽһȥҶ޵ʵе㲻ģΪεĵˣпһǿߡ
Ҷǵһȥˣ֪ΪʲôǸоûʲôɱģҪȻһҪɱֱ׾١
԰ǰٻţеƷŲˮһɫӰȻڱ󣬾һ飬֪
ˣ
ǰģȻ۹Ļʦ˵˵ΪѾﵽ飬ҲĶ֣
еĲ豭Ȼѣ۵ɫʱޱѿǺ˵֮˵ʵ
һ飬ʵû뵽۹ξȻһ飬һ۹Ļʦ
ϣ㿴ǲڳµʱ⣡
أʱ̶⣬򲻵ѵʱǧҪȥڣϾ˼ؼʱ̣ҪʲôʧҪ˵㣬ҲΣ
УҲȥһ˷ɽҪҶһʲôʧְһ£Ҳʲô£
ΪʲôҪ־Ѿ۲ˣҶӵеģһžҪԺɳµʱҶҸӿƲס
ģֻҪһ죬Ҫ˵ҶңˣҲ£
˵֮󣬵ɫӰʧ԰֮Уı˫ۣû˿Ĳ
ضһ˵ع
ʱ۵Ժ֮УȻһ漴¶һϲû˿ĵ󣬱뿪ˡ
һ谵ĵعڣ۹վһԣ棬һ̵ϣһ봿׵ߡ
ڣ֪ʲô£
֪ΪʲôÿμԼλڣжѹȸУԼģܱһ
ϷˣʲôҲҪܣаţǸ꣬ۺʱҪ˺ҺҪ
ߵ˲ɣ֮Уͺһɴɽһĸо
ضףڻʲôϷԸ
ҳΪףǰλڣڻĵ۹ӰţֻҪڵһ仰ĵλʱпܵ
ȥɣֻҪסʮ֮ڲҪҶҳ֣ʮ֮󣬵ʱ¡
Ļ߲û˵ȴʣΪ֪˵Ȼ˵벻˵˭Ҳܡ
ٴιĳһ漴۱˳˵عһ̾Ϣߵһ˿롣
ϣʱؼܹȹ˽٣
ص԰Уʯϣصǰİٻţɻѣ֪˵֮ʲô˼
Ҷңǵ׿ڶ˵ڣȴֲԼҶңеԵɣʵڰͿˡ
ɽĵ۹ضһɽ˵ɽ֮Уӵ޳ûԷɽҲΪء
յ⣬ڴصÿһ䣬Զһ꣬ܿ죬˷ɽڴ
ߣ
ĮĿǰɽҶû˿ĲҶ޵дҶڣҶȴֹˡ
Ϊ֪ԼλڣѲ֣ܳͻĸ죬ʱ䣬ֻʱ䣬ʱ޷ﵽߣôҶҲΣˡ
кݺݵģᶨĹһԼҶţԼһ֮󣬴ﵽ֮ҳΪһҶػߡ
һ漴Ҷ㳯ŷɽȥν뻢ѨûӣԷߣͺµĻôʮ꣬һܹﵽߡ
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽˷ɽŵյĴڵתܿ죬еʧһա
ҶѾˣһ
Ĵ֮ȥʱ쳹ڷɽÿһ䡣
һҶүһҶҷȻеʶȻһˣ
ҶĻ䣬Զһô󣬶ʱ߳ΪŮƣ˵
ɫһ漴Ҷֱ˵ѾˣȰŷˣʲôңùĨǣҲϲ
ܺãҲϲĨǣŷ뿪ҶҵʱѾȥˣھ̸̸֮飡
ǲǸˣҺ֮䱾ǲʶҲûʲô飬Ҫܣҷ㵽ףˡҲˣһ£ûʱϹī
˵֮ҶֱӵתӰȥѾ˽ˣǰ۹ĹһŮˣŮ˽ֱһ


028 һһ
쵰վסҪǸ뿪ھȥɱŷ飡
Ҫߣֱˣ۹϶ڵãһëûг꣬Ȼ
ͣסŲҶֱˣǰŮ޳Թ֪Ϊʲô鷳
㵽Ҫô
ҶеŭˣŮһֱǣ֪ûߡ
߲ڣҶҲ֪ܻɱΪô˵۹Ĺ
ĵ۹Ѿ۹Ҫսˣ֮ʱԼնɱ۹Ĺʱ۹һϡ۹һͬĵ۹
ϴ⣬ֻҪشұ뿪ҴӦ㣬Ժ󶼲ȥŷ飬㿴Σ
һ΢Цǰĺ꣬漴ĳǰǰһҶһ
һһˣǰһҶһ˵ʮɿ⣬ͣһЦĿǰ꣬ǰߡ
Ҷ첻ǰŮǲô˵ڶԸȥһĻ֮صŮӡ
ǲشģҪǻʲô£һ˵ϣԺҪЩĵֶΡ
ҶŭˣʹŮĻأһǶ֣ȻҶ֪ȫǿԼϡ
ײǻĵ۹Ĵ󽫾ûбȨξԲŹҶңʱҶҺп֮֡
ֶôˣνʤΪΪܣֻҪʤˣʱ˭˵ʹֶΣֱӺ˵ɣҪҶȥ۹͡
ûеķŭһЦĿǰ˵漴Ҳûֱ˵˳
ܣ
Ҷ붼û룬ֱӾܾҶڻĵ۹Ҷػܵһ̣ѱ䡣
㲻żشңŲ֮ĸԸ۹ʱҾ˫ֻӭļ롣
ǲߣ
ɫһû뵽ǰֱӵʵҲû˿漴ĵ˵ͷʾߡ
Ѿˣ
ĶǰŮҶϿʲôǺܿʧˣΪϣ˿ı顣
㲻ң
ĵ˵ͷҶ쵱ȻţǰŮļ֮أôء
۹ΪģҾûƭ㣬˰ɡ
ֱҪˣΪô˵һ߹Ĺ仹۹λʵ۵顣
ȴһ۸ܹʵûа취ԼĹΪԡ
ǽ飬ȴȴӵ߲ѣΪǰ꣬ȻһҲŵı顣
˵Ҫôң
ҶжʱһΪǰŮȻ໰ʵУŮĻ
ǲ֪ΪʲôҶо붺һǰŮӣȻҶ֪ϲļƺصŮˣʵڿƲס
ҷŷ飬ӦҲӦǲץһأŹԹԾͷ
ҲشϣԺҲҪȥɧŷһң۹Ĺһģ棬Ͽȥɡ
УҿԴӦ㣬ҲԲش𣬵Ӧһ£ҾͲˣÿһŷ顣
һҶʱеԴһ꣬ÿһһΰܣܵˣλܲˣλ۹Ĳ󳼡
˵˵ʲô飬Ҳܾ
ûа취ҶЭˣνвŮΨŮӺСҲ
ץһֻޡ
ޣҶжʱһΪŮе˵ĶޣС˵
ڻĵ۹׶ӵޣһ޺Ͷޣһ൱һߣ൱һǿ̡
ԼڵʵҲֻǸոմﵽ߾磬Ըһ̣ƾʦµǬԼĻоҶսʤ
ÿһ˶֪ͱǿͬȾߣͬȾȣһսʤһӵͨ
ʵҶиеɻѵǣǰŮΪʲôҪĵ۹ץһֻޣԼĵ۹
벻ǣѾȷλԣһһǿߣŮȴûãλȥץƫƫ֮ûдﵽȥ
Ҳǿǰеǣ漴˵ôȥץһֻССĶޣҪץҲȥץˡ


029 ѪҺ
Ҷ쵹û˵ǲòҲ쳣˵ޣٷ֮Ǵﵽ֮ޡ
һ뵽ޣҶ㹻ţҲϾ֮ͺ֮Ĳ࣬ɱȽϡ
Ҳǿǰеĵǣ漴˵İɣץֻޣֻһֻûκսޡ
ŮĻҶжʱɻѣȻһֻսޣ֪ΪʲôԼȥץƫҪԼȥ
ûиоӦһ̰ɣҵľ綼ûߣΪʲôҪң
ûΪǰ֪Ϊκεľȣ෴Ѿ֪ҶῴΪһ
һ̣Ȼֻһߣﶼʵ̣һܹսʤ㣬Ҫץסֻޡ
һֻʲôޣ
Ҷûκεİ취Ϊ˲κε鷳ֻôӦ
ǰ꣬ӦԼҪ漴¶һ˿֮ɫ
һֻ˵ֻֻлĵ۹ŻӵУû˿սٶȴޱȡ
Ļ䣬Ҷ˳Ĭ֮УŮеĻȷ½֮ϣֻлĵ۹׶ӵС
Ƕޣû˿սֻٶȴܿ죬ҶȻ֪ץҪʲôһȴˡ
Ǿǻһֻĵ۹ΪϵޣȻֻǶޣû˿սȫĵ۹ȫҪõ
ԭܼ򵥣ԾƺصˣҪǣഫֻҪŮӺ˺ѪԱޱȡ
Ҷ϶ţҪǻѪܹŮӱô粻֪жǿĵ۹ץˡ
ץҪˣ
ĵ˵ͷ漴¶һ˿˸Уȥ˼Ұ˼ְˡ
ǰĸײҵ͵Ϯˣôҽߣ޷ĸ׵Ĳ
˵ţ㳯ž֮ϵİƣİ̾һ漴˵
һλε۹ʺò뵽λȴ˵Ҫĸ׵ĲǵõѪ
жʱһΪҶ֪ʲôĴڣ˵ֻһȺޣôһﵽޣҲν֮
ҲǿǰеĵǣЩ˵˵֪ҪץסѣҪȻҲôˡ
ҶʱеһⶼʲôʲôԼ˭˭ˣҪ˵ǻܲ׷ϣһ˵
Ѿ׷ȥˣҪץסʵͿԵģҪҪ
ǰŮĻҶˣ˵Ǹ壬˵Ҳ֪˭ٷ֮ŷߡ
߶㲻飬һССߣôܸ㶨ѵԼôãҶԼš
߶첻飬Ϊҿԣ
㣡
ɻѣҶʵ벻ͨʲôǰŮӣ˵ԼѵԼ̫˧
޳ܵ룬ԴڵĻо⿪֮ҶԸ΢ı仯ҶԼ֪
ǰһֱڱ˵֮УڵҶ죬ʵõ֮󣬲ǰˣĮһɨգ֮ҲĻָûеĶ
ҴӦ㣬ֻʱ䣬֮󣬲ܲץҶҪ뿪ΪҸƳǵӡ
û˿漴ӦΪҶҪȥƵ飬ʱҲڳ
˱㳯ŷɽȥ˸ոȥԭȵĵطȻһӡ
ŽʧһһŮӵĮϣû˿
ˣ
ӵĻ䣬ʱǰȫˣȫµ棬ֻֻܿ۾һһġ
ǸŹֻҪ֮ΣǶ˱㲻Ҫȥܣ
֮ĬȻĵ˵ͷһ仰û˵漴ʧԶľͷ
û뵽۹ϷҲˣûĵ۹ܳ
ʱһӵĮ漴Ϸȴû˿ľȣѾ֪ˡ
겻ֻ𣿡
㲻ҺܺãҪˣȴˣ
תϷĶǰɫӰϿκεķŭ
㻹ӣһ㶼ûб䣬Ҫһŭ֮뿪۹ʦλӦġ

Цһ㣬ɫӰЦţЦԶԶĴ֮ȥһƬ


030 ת
ϷӺ磬ԭ۹һλ˵ͽܣʦɽͬʱʹʵԶԶʦϷӡ
۹ĻʦֻһλȻ߾֪֮ʦֵĶ֣ǰ֮ҪϷӡ
û뵽ǣϷ֮зʦܵıͬΪʦֵܣϷʵ²֣Ǳ硣
ǰӣɫޱȵѿһ뵽۹ĹʦӦԼо̲סһǿҵɱ
һǰһɽʦ˼Һ㣬ʦҴһ仰㣬ǰʲôֻҪϻȥû˸׷
ұ죬Ҫ㣬Ѿ۹ĹʦҪ㣬˵ʦѾѾתڸˣ
㲻ҪִԲˣתÿһ˶ѧģӵноˣʦڸ㣬Ҳɣ
ƨô֪ҾɣʦƫģֻѾתڸ㣬ھȻֻøϿ뿪ĵ۹ҷˣ
ִԲļһʦϹۣ
˵֮Ϸûٿһۣ漴Ҫ뿪뿪ȴԸˡ
Թñˣ
û˵꣬Գ֣һɵʱǰȥ
ֳ֮֮Ϊ֮һΪ磬ߺ̴̣ﵽԲԽΪá
һ֮ʱɾ֮ɼ龳磬Ҫʹõı龳зΪ硣
һ飨ͷһ飨ͷ飨ͷ
ΪǸոմﵽ˶飬ͷųҲֻ֮Զ
Ƕ̵֮֮ľ룬ȴѾˣϷȴû˿ĲǶһ
ҳֵģ
漴ϷҲûκεĳɣһͬԵ˲ʱϷкȻһѽ
о콣ʱǰȥÿϷӵΪѾﵽ֮
˲ǣײһȴǷһƽɫ˭Ҳûռˡ
Ϸжʱеܲ죬Ϊǰʦܣ˽ⲻˣһ飬ôܺԼһ࿹⡣
Ҳǿǰеɻ漴˵øеȣ֮Ҳںľ磬Ϊ
˵֮УĪĶһ䣬˷䣬Ϸɫʱ䣬һŵĿǰʦܡ
ǲǺܾȣһʣΪʲô䣬ھ͸㣬ʦӵеõתԭǼٵģеתģ
ܣ˵ѣ
ϷӸǰӵĻĿУתֻһǱʦеǵ
Ҿ㲻ţа취ţ㿴ˣ
Ҳ֪ϷӲԼû˿ľȣԼܹδ֪һ㡣
ûκεķϻ漴ڵȻתһ㣬ٵת
תٶԽԽ죬ֻʣһĽɫӰǰһУϷӵ̣Ϊ׹Ϥˡ
תǳϷеΨһͷȻţΪʦ˵Ҫɾתӵно
ҪȻӵоתҲԣ粻ǽоʣһѾ֪һ绹˾תȻֻǵһת
ôֻһͣǰеľתģһ̾Ȼ֪ôõתģֻ֪һ¡
ǾպʦܵĳɾͣԻ֮ϣͬһУϷӵϣҲĻָƽ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ֹͣתһЦĿǰӣ漴˵ȻһҵľͣƾתҵʵӦú㲻¡
ĵ˵ͷϷӲɷϣΪתʵ̫ˣʦҲֻ˾ת֮еĵڶת۹޼ɡ
ȻʦѾתڸԼϷףɾתֻǴʦܹˡ
ֻһ䣬ľתǴõģ
Ϊһ𣿲ҵǿԸһСܣǵʦԭһɵĵӣתҲǴ֮͵ģ
죬ʦ𣿡
ΪʲôңΪʲô˵¼ĵûʱ㣬Ҹʱ䣬֮Ҳϣڻĵ۹㡣
˵֮ͷҲص뿪ˡ


031 ϴ
΢ϷӵɫޱѿԼоתȴһʦͽˡ
ٹʮ꣬ţʦܣʵϣһᳬԽԼ
̾Ϣһ漴ϷҲٵ뿪˷ɽ
󣬷ɽ㣬Ҷĳǰţһ·֮ϣ˲ôС̽ӣʼ޷ҳһֻӰ
ˣˣÿ˶˵ĵ۹лѾҹǻһȥҶ˻Ҳ
һƨһʯϣĺ˵
ҶҲûڼ·漴Ҳһʯϣڣûϴһ裬ԶҲһЩҰҰá
Ҷ컹ܵˣϾСԼ磬ɽҹΪ۹Ĺôֿܵء
ô
Ҫϴ裬ڣϴ裬һҲȲˣ
һҶû뵽ǰŮӣôֱ˵˵˳Ҳϴ裬ȴ˵
ʱҶȻˣ漴Ӳĳǰȥ
ȥЪߣ
ŭҶûһȻǰȥ
쵰
һŭ漴ûа취Ҳżǰȥǻû߳ʮ֮ԶҲסˡ
Ϊǰĵطһ峺ĺˮԱǻ棬˵Դ
ûϴ裬һ̣Ϻʲô˺ҧǣܲˣڿһˮôϲء
˺ĬƵģͬʱӿ˽Ųһգ۵ʱ䣬˱˺ˮԱߡ
Ҫϴ裬Ұѷ磡
һˮԣ㼱ɴ˵Ӵ·ĳ嶯
ΪʲôϴҪϴȰҰѷ磡
ҶɲǰŮӣûϴ裬һĳֱѬһͷҪٲϴ裬ҶµʱԼѬ
˵ˣϧ񣬲ô˵ҲһŮӣѵûŮʿ仰𣿡
ûУ
˵֮ҶŲʲô߶ʮһֱӿʼ·
ŮʲôŮ·ǧԡ
Ȼǰ꿪ʼ·֮ʱæתɫʱĺ͸ϣһֱӵ֮¡
åå㲻úһص۹Ҫʬåå
뿪˺ˮԣʵҶֻ£·ûѣʵҲһܱصˡ
ôŮǰѹ·أ뿪ҶаЦһ漴һתһͷ峺ĺˮС
裬ҶϴʱҪԶһĴߣ˵ϴһ졣
Ĵ·ҶվŮǰ֮ʱûȥֱתٵĳźˮԱȥ
Ұѷ磬Ҫ˸͵͵ʱǵӲɣ
䣬Ҷ漴һˮ֪һ̵ںˮϴ
һ뵽ںˮи·¶ŮҶ棬ȻԵȻӦ
һԼôˣҶǿеķ꣬Сʱ顣
ѻݣ¶ŨȺɽͷ̨·ꡣ
ľ䣬ҶҲȥˣԼȷе㲻ԾȻʫЩ
Ҷ죬úõĸҰѷ磬ϴ֮һúý㣡
ҶʱȻ˹Ҷ룬ʲô£ԼúõĲڼˣȻܵɽҰ֣˰ѷ硣
룬Ҷ컹߾ϾŮصıҪһŮˣûˣǻŻˡ
ʹ˦˦ͷ漴ҶҲûеʱ䣬ʯϣʼ¼֮е
һ̣Ҷôģ޷ʹԼƽ漴һ̾Ϣ
ܲһŮӣͰŪˣڿ˷ˣôպ׽ٵʱħ
жʱһȻҶ첻֪ʦ˵۽ʲôֻҪľʯӵҶף׽һͬСɡ
ʦ֪ˣ
Ϊʦǹ㣬Ͼ㻹û쳾ҪףǳɴߣҪԼһԼƲ˵ˣպҲжɾͣ
ӽġ
Ϊʦֻ˵ô࣬飬һ飬Ҫץȥǧ֮Ļԣ˵ջ񣡡
лʦ
жʱһϲʦָҶţܿҵһ뵽һֻޣʱйС


032 Ȣ
ûץס
Ҷ첢û˵ΪĿУô˵һֻޣֻһССߣ֮ʵ̫
Ҳܹ㣬ϾڵʵԶԿһޣΪʦһ취ץס
ʦ˵
ҶжʱһϲԼʵҪץסܣʦİô˰˲İա
㿴֮ʱҪӲƴֻҪó㻳еǿӣץס
ʯӵĻʱҶеһɻȷһӣǺʨģӺϣžʽ
ҶŶͷ֮ʱһӰٵҶжʱһ߶ʮһֱ׷ȥ
ǻû׷һŷŭ𾪡ŭ漴쳹Ƭء
Ҷ㶵վںˮ֣Ķǰ¶ŮٴηȻӦ
ûϴ裬޲ðԼ뵽ˮУϴʱ漴ϰ׼ʼ·
ʱһɫӰ˲һûüӦҶǰ
ܼˣҶ쿴¶壬мʱ䣬ҪŭҶ컹ῴȥ
£ԲŻ׷³Ի¡

Ҷ컹ûаѻ˵꣬һӷŭĺ쳹ĶߣֱҶ䷢顣
ͣһתҶʧ˺ˮֻ֣һ¶ɵɵվԭأĿʧķ
å
ȻҶѾ뿪˺ԶȻܹԶŭȻкܱҶҲ֪ô˵Ůӵĳ¶塣
һŮںһ֮ɫֻʯϣ˼ʲô
ܿǰȴû˸ղŵıӷŭ
ղΪʲôҪ͵ϴ裿
ȻɫѾղǰ䣬Ҷ컹ܹУһ˿
ղеӰΣգ뵽û룬׷ȥ㲻Ұɣ
ҲУֻҪӦһ£Ҳ㣬һúö㣬ô
Ҷɻѣô˵ǰеĲ֣㲻ж˿飬ҲӦס
ȴͺ˵Լ˵ֻҪӦһ£ղ飬һʹҶ漴뵽û룬Ӧ
ȻҵȫˣôҪҲҪֵ̫飬ֻҪȢˣ±һʹ
ܣ
Ҷû˿漴ܾ飬ȲҪ˵ԸԸ⣬ǰҶҲ֪û˿
۹һֱսȻڻĵ۹۹ͬ˹ϵҶкͬ˹ϵʱпѡ
Ϊʲôܣ
ѵ㲻ϲң
ĸײͬ⣬ҪҿȥҶ󽫾˵
һ⣬Ҷ˿˵Ļᣬ۾Ķǰꡣ
ʵҶ䣬ӦǸýģҪŷ˻飬˵ѺŷΪޡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôҶл޷ʵǿһ壬㿴ȻЩҶǲ˵ġ
ҿһ°ɣҪ£һҪҳղǵӰڶѾ֪˻䣡
ģûƭң
ȥҶ˵ĵһ£Уֻеڶ£䣬ĸѾþãһֱòΡ
ץסĻôһбĸ׵ĲãǸҲǰǰˡ
ʲôطھȥ
˵ҪϾô꣬۹֣߳û˿Ľ벻μȻҵˡ
ԺȥȰǸҳָоһֱڸǣ
һ˻ɫʱޱѿҪҶ˵ôղϴĳǱǸ˿һ⡣
ҲǿŮ룬漴Ҷ˵֪˰ɣĲֹһԸεҲֹһ
ȥ
һŭĺ漴һķŭˣʲôϣֱӶֿ
Ȼһ̣кʵôǿҲսʤǰ꣬ȻҶֻһߡ
ȵȣû˵𣬲£Ҫĸ֪УҵϢˣ
˵֮Ҷֱתһٵĳǰȥ


033 д
ݺݵĶһ½ţɫȴûеķŭһ˿֮ɫ
ҾͲӳģ
漴Ҳٵĸȥû߳Զͣ
Ϊǰվһ꣬Ǹո뿪Ҷ죬û˼ȥΪҶǰվһͷܡ
ôߣëֻͭĴ۾ݺݵĶǰꡣ
жʱһΪ۹ĹҲǼʶ㣬һ̣һۿȥ֪վҶǰĺܣһֻޡ
ҶԣǸղŵ飬漴ҶĶߣ΢˵
ܣһɽޣ˵Ƣ𱩣ޱȣһſ̤ʯأ
ҶȻҲǸеһȣȴһĮȻʵͱǿƾǬҲҪʲô
ղһֱǣ
Ҷ쿴ǰĴܣޱȵĮʵ
˦˦˶ĺͷ­ܵ˼ײˣ˼ûиˡ
֪˭ǣ
һδûҶʧΪǰܵ˶ͷ­ݺݵĵһ¡
˭
ҶҲΪô˵ǰĺܣֻһֻޣȻﵽ˶磬û뵽ͷܣȻͨ顣
ʱ򣬴󣬻߳һֻɫаô
ò£ҶҲ֪ղ˭Լˣԭǰֻһޡ
һޱ󣬾˵ʵһ㣬ٶ죬̴Բ磬Ҳ׷
ղ͵ԼϴľȻһֻҲ׵ķ
ҶҲƲѣΪʲô޸Լˣѵʲô飿뵽漴Ҷ쿪ʵ£
δûڵͷҲûҡͷֻǶԵİš
֨֨漴ȻҶ˵ʲôȴ֪һ㣬Ǿǰֻޣ϶顣
֨֨һᣬǰԼʲô漴һͷ˵£˲ʧˡ
ҶжǸеһɻ󣬲֪ΪʲôͻȻ뿪ˣȴûȥܣȻվԭؿǡ
ܿ죬˻ﻹһֻһģС
ǱС󣬸ͷȴֻ֮һֻСȴѾһϢ
ʣҶҲ֪ǸʲôˣʵǷǾĺӡ
֨֨֨֨
ȻҶ컹Ļкףʵڸлǵİ
ȻҶû˿ٵǰһֱץС󣬿ô¡
ҪһȴһΪСƨϣһô˿ڣȻ˿Ѿ̣Ȼܿ˿˿Ѫ˿š
ϸ鿴һᣬҶɫҲ漴ޱѿΪѾȷСǱˣ뵽ܡ
ҶҰٷְٿ϶СߣΪԲ򵥣͵Ҳ̡
ĺӣ
ҲҶ£벻ǣҲȷűһ֨֨ҶҲȷʵȴԼ롣
ΪʲôңͲҲ˺ǣ
һ֨֨ҶʱеһͷԲֱܹͨһĥĥŶԷҲĥԼ
ΪʲôҪ˺ǣ
ٴһ֨֨ҲҲ֪ǰԼ˵漴˫צڵһһͨ
ǾһһͨҶд󾪣վҲǵһ˫۾һŵĿš
Ҷ죬Ȼд֣ⶼʲô޾Ȼд֣Ҫš
Ҷ۾ҲǵɵĴģд˾ȣ˵һ̵ıڵд֡
ܿ죬Ҷǰĵϣһ֣Ҷһȥʱɫ䡣
дԼĺӣǾǰһȺ֪ʲôطðࡣ
һͿʼץǣȻֻһޣǱٶ죬׷ϣвƣˣĺȴû
󱼳󾭹ϮƾԼٶȺǻۣԼĺӾ˳С壬һһơ
󱼳ڵһд˼˵ܹҶϣܵһɰȫζԲһֱˣ˰ǡ
Եĺܣܰǣ
ҶûǣǰֻܣһֻʵĶޡ


034 
ҶţԷ̣ƾܵʵҲӦ
һ֨֨漴ϱٴγһС֣Ҷ쿴СӺϵļʱסˡ
ΪڵдȻǴܴ򲻹ȺˣҶɫʱޱء
Ȼ޴޶ǶԷĶ֣ҶǺܣʤҲ֮ڡ
ѵߣΪֻôһܣߣҲû˿İ취
ǿߣ
ҡҡͷ漴дȾҵĺӣһúñ㡣
һҶˣǲߣȾ˻Сһ˵
ҶڲʲôȻôԼ϶ʱӡ
¼һСڵƣ漴ҶüͷһΪѾ鴦Сйɼǿ
ûκεĳɣҶڵӿСڣ˵ҲɺϣСܵñԼڵơ
ʱҶŻĳһԼľΣСûˣ漴İѻеСͻصĸߡ
Ѿûµúӣһ֨֨漴ϱлл֡
ˣĺѾˣûʲô飬Ǿ뿪ˣΪǻкҪҪ
˵֮Ҷû˵ʲôֻǰֻޣûߣΪ֪϶л˵
ȻǰҪߣʱ󼱣һе֨֨漴ٴγһСӡ
дǣ˺ӵļ࣬û뿪ϣԼֿС
ҶʱƼˣԸǰޣҶ֪֮Ͼڵʵֻһߡ
ӸղŵĶԻУҶ첻ѷ֣˺࣬пߵĴڣҶԸҲûԸԽսߡ
Ҷ컹û˵ٴڵˢˢд¼Сӣ˼˭Ⱥ֮ҪץǣΪǰµһ
ʲôȻ˶ǿǰ᣿
Ȼԥһ£ǺܿٴڵдһΣдʱ䣬˰ʱ
ԭȣһֻǿޣ˴սһǿߣˣ˻ĵ۹ķɽ
ǵɽñˣһ壬Ҳʼ·ǰһֱ˵͹ȡ
ݵдһһֻǿޣż˥ܣ࣬ػĶ
ðһ䣬Ǳ汲ػĶʲô
ҶҲ֪ľкܺ棬ʲôȻôǿߡ
αû˿ĳɣ漴д˳һˣɽ֮󣬱˵һ
Ȼ񽣣ŵСӣҶ˼ٵתš
ԼǰޣôӭĽǲϵ׷ɱҶ֪Ӳܡ
ҴӦ㣬ҲҪӦһ¡
ǰ࣬ӦԼ󣬱ʱͷ֮г˸м֮顣
Ҫץס
ҶԿǰޣ۾¶һ˿֮Уٶȣ޵еġ
һСٴγڵϣ˵ǵʱʹܾԼҶҲûΪ󣬱ϾȻû˿սٶȴ˫
ʱڵ֣漴ʹܱת뿪ˡ
дȴǸҶҲûгɣ漴ֱ֣ȥ
ҶҲûзֵ֣ʱǣ΢΢¶һ˿Ц
ܿ죬˱ֻһڣ˵ҶҲףһǴ񽣵ġ
Ȼһʱ䣬ξ޺лصǰ
û˿ԥеľУһ˦ҶС
еľУɢϢҶ첻֪ΪʲôкȻйʶĸо
ָоֵһ̣ҶкȻǳһǿҵĲûٸͣ漴˺ӡ
ѽһѳɫһɫ񽣵Ľ֮ϣֱԿ֣𽣬
ɫΪ񽣣ɫΪ񽣣ֵһ̣ҶģȻѽӣֻҶԼûзְˡ
ǾΪģ
֪ΪʲôԴӿ֮ҶкȻһػĸо


035 ʯ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ڵٴлҶûв´Ⱥ˺ߣΪ𽣬˫
ʱҶе𽣬˫Ȼʧˣ²Ҷ챻һޣҲһľš
ô£Ҷжʱʵ˫ԼкȻˣֱ˼漴۹
㲻Ҫң˫һֱУһ¶û
ǰĶԼæ͵ȻҶ죬Īе뱳ϾǱҶĿġ
׷£
Ҷ첻ϵԼϾ𽣬˫ģζˣ㱼ԹҲù
Ҷоȵǣ𽣬˫ǰޣȴû˿ĻţֻǺĿԼ˫֡
жʱеһɻѵԼ˫ʲô⣬漴ҲԼ֡
һҪҶʱŴһļΪԼ˫ӡСǸղʧ𽣬˫
ĿԼ˫֣ҶоԼڵĴԲˣԿ϶е˫ͼʧ˫
ҲһɻĿ漴󲻹߶ʮһֱԻĹڵϣֻǰݺݵİȥ
ҶסˣҲһľ֮ɫ˶֪һΪʲôȻҶ졣
漴ϱһ֣˼˵˵˭԰𽣬˫ӡԼģô˫ˡ
Ȼõ˫ϿɣôԼˣҶǳˣԼʲôûиĪĳΪ˱ˡ
ȷҾˣ
û˿ԥæͷԼӦƵġ
ȻȥȵĹؿ
ҶѾˣȻԼõ˼ҵ𽣬˫ôӦΪ˼ʲôڶһֻޣҶ쵱Ȼܾ
Ҳûκεĳɣ漴ת㳯ǰķȥδܲûиȥɽ⣬˯
ҶͷĿһЩĮ˵ҡ
˵֮ҲԸԸ⣬ֱһɱʧԶľͷ
𽣬˫ôû˵ߣȥͲԼȥ𣿡
䣬ݺݵĵһۣȻ˯ĴܣżٳҶʧķȥ
ͬһɽҶеǣɽڴ棬ڵ¡
Ҳ˵ڴڵǧ֮£ҴӸղŵͨΧݽֻҪһ֮ء
ɽûڣеֻһ޴ʯţʯŵ޴ʯףӡͼ𽣬˫
ҶǰʯţǸûһ˿ĶҡҶûٿߵʱ
Ҷ˫ӡʯ֮ʱҶɫʱޱѿӣһգ۵ʱ䣬ϻˡ
֮ҶϻˣΪһ̵һǺɫһ룬ȴǻɫ
һĺ漴쳹ɽҶʹήڵϵĽ䣬ΪʹŤˡ
ǱȴӶֻϳ˵֮ɫܿ죬ҶΪܲʹ˹ȥ
󻺻ߵҶԣֻצĲŪ壬ϵĵ֮ɫԽ
Ǳȴû˿İ취Ϊʯǵȵ£Ǳÿһػ˫⣬ɽ
ǿߣΪ˲˽ʯǱ㴴ʯţҪҵˣֻҪκһ֣ʯţ
Ҷֻǻʹȥûб壬ǾʱղҶ򲻿ʯţһ̣ȻԶˡ
ʯԶ򿪣ȴһ㱡߲ǣĶ
ʱҶ죬ȴȻƮ¿ɰѱɵˣʲôʱơ
ಡ
һ΢漴Ҷ㼱ٳʯﱼȥûе飬֫ͬʱһߵĹһգ۱㲻Ӱ

Ҷ߲֣壬ȴһӵ˻ֵǣȻûܵ˿˺
ͷɫѿĶǰ߲֣ʵ벻ͨΪʲôҶԹȥڻʵ״̬£ԼȴС
ڱһ߲ѵʱ򣬸ղԶ򿪵ǵʯţһλĹرֻһµı


036 ȸ
һĿռ䣬һɲͬϢҶʱѹһ֪߹ɲͬϢʲô
мΪľˮΪڤס
⴦ĿռǽľˮڤֲͬϢ
ףȻ壬һеĻо
һɣԴϲĻʱصռУʱҶҲ˫ۡ
ʲôط
ҶоԼȻôۣĴһʱһΪܹо߹ǿϢƮڿռÿһ䡣
ҶĻ䣬֮ռУ߹ϢγһŴҶһ֮£㱻
ΪҶǰȻһźһģһȻûһ˿ĲҶţԼĸĸҲֲ˭ǵĶӡ
˭
Ҷʳ⻰ʱУ͸¶һĲţϾһ죬㳤һģһˣҲһġ
Ҷ쳤һģһӣҲǾһǺܿ
õҵ𽣬˫Ȼ֪˭
һҶ֪ǰĺԼһģһ˭ˣǵһˣҲ𽣬˫ˡ
ԭǰ֪ôƺǰ
һ뵽ԼģҶойƸУԵ޹ʾ͵õ˼ҵ˫ھȻ˫ˡ
ƺͻȻ뵽ʲôҶ漴һ𺳵Ŀǰӣǰʲôܵһ㡣
ƺѲµ˱飬ӶʱͷЦܾòŻͣ
ǲΪڻţܣ
ɴĵ˵ͷҶĲţһˣȻڻţֱ̫˼ˡ
ʵ˵ѾˣģֻҵµϢ۶ɣֻʱʱ䡣
ﰵ̾һ̬ҶҲܣҶҲһǰǻǧϹôԸѡȥҲԸ¡
ҵΪ죬ԢȸߣԽϡ
֪ΪʲôҶǰ֣ȻҶʱой˵ĸоԼҲһ֡
ϣ
ûжʱ䣬˵ÿһ仰㶼ҪãȻҵ𽣬˫㣬ôԺ˫ˡ
Ҷû˿ľȣΪϵǰӻ˵漴˵
Ȼõҵ˫ôҪһ£Ը⣿
ٴҿһⶼʲô°ʱɽԵ޹ʵһλʦλʦű
ڵãɽٴôһ֪ðˣҲҪæ
Ҷ컹ĵ˵ͷΪô˵õ˼ҵĶôĹء
ڵʵܣҸʮʱ䣬ʮ֮ȥһ˱ɽڱ֮УȥȻһŮˡ
ҶûΪʲôΪѾܹµʮȥȵŮʲôˣٷ֮ʮˡ
ҸղŷʾȻ壬ĻѾѣҵıѾ٣Ϊȴٰһ룬Ҫһ
жʱһϲҶɽ֮ʱѾ֪Լ壬ǾǸʦҲֻǰ˻о
ѵĻоʵȷʵ˷츲صı仯֮УһѵĻҶţʱԼʵӵǿ
壬ֱмԼȴֻ˻оʣµ־оľооˮо׾ڤ
׾ֳоڤȴΪоʣµ־Ҳ֪Լѡһ־
ѡڤ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻҶԺ֮ҶһƣȻ֪ԼʦΪʲôѡڤҶ֪ʦԲẦ
ϣҪҾڤ
Ҷû˿ԥ漴㳯ǰ˵ҲһƣΪȻ˻оôһѡо
Ϊо֮ķߣоľѣǹԵġ
ҲûжʲôȻҪڤôĴ㡣
漴ռе߹Ϣһգ۵ʱڣȫתڤϢҶʱоԼܣһ紵
ֻҪĹرԴԣʣµ飬ҰͿˡ


037 һѪ
ҶʵûжپȣϾǸɽ֮УʯѾΪ˻оھڤѾ׼ˡ
׼һ£ٸһ£ӴڤϢ뵽ڣҶ˳תף岻ϵĲš
¶һ˿ͣеʹһļᶨ֮ɫҲû˵ʲôֻǿֲڤϢٴκݺݵĹ䵽Ҷڡ
Ժ֮ҲûʲôҶʱ˹ȥȵ֮󣬷һжѾصԭӡ
û˿ԥڵʱתܿ죬Ҷ㷢֣ԼڳϢ⣬һϢǾڤϢ
ûеҶ漴Ժ֮У㻺ת¼֮еڤ֪Ϊʲôܸоʦ¼Ϊ׼ġ
ϢݺݵĽ֯һڤķҲһӡԺ֮С
˺ܾãҶ˫ۻ˲һϲãûҶڤѣҲͻ֮ﵽ̾硣
ҶкģֻҪ̴Բߣô֮̾У޵еĴڡ
վĳǰһҶ֪ҶѾʧһοϢû¡
ν˼ҵ̣˼ҵֶ̣Ȼڤô飬Ҳ
ռ֮⣬漴ҶǰֻС۾ĶＸﹾ˵ͣò£ҶҲ֪ǰֻҪ˵ʲô
㲻øңԺػκ˽룬𣿡
û˿ԥͷҶּ˵ȰЩ࣬ңôҵǵġ
ٻȥ·ϣҶҲ֪˱ľԭһ壬ϲһֹʵˮܹЩ࣬ػˮܹ£ȴűͶ
صɽҶһһʮĸ飬ȴϾûʲôϵ
ô죿
֮֮
˵֮Ҷת˵һͨޣ㳯ǰٵȥ
ܿ죬ǱһӲ֮УȻҶǰŰ֮⣬ˮܹ֮£ˡ
Ҷȴû˿ϲãΪܸоĳǰˣȻʲôߣȴ̺ھ磬иһ̴Բ
̣ȻҳȥȻ󱼳һ̣סֻʱ䣬ҽˣ㣬Ҳȥ
䣬Ҷվĳǰȥܿ죬ˮܹǰ
λСֵܣﲻϿ߰ɡ
ǰҶĿ˵˵˶ˣˮܹµΪӡ
û˿ЦݣдҺĮҲ֮УΨһﵽ̴Ժŵˡ
λһĵ۹ˣ֪λ
ﲻܣϿ뿪
ԲãǿеķŭҪǻĵĵ̣˵ֱӳˡ
ȵȣûв´ӦҶĶӰɣ
жʱеһ죬ΪǰˣҶұ֤ʶȻķ֮ڻĵ۹Ǽȴûмˡ
ʱ֮ǰǲӦԱһ¼ţ
ұԼļţµʱ벻ˣ㻹֪˭𣿡
˵
ӴӵվĿһǰ꣬漴Ц˵þû˺˵ˣҽŴѩҵʦܣһ룬ĽмѪ
Ҷжʱҿһⶼʲô֣˵ּǽһѪҲ̫˰ɡ
۹ΪǵİȫҶүһ˰ɡ
۹ʵҶ뵽ΪղѾ³Ѿܹ϶۹ͻĵ۹ڲÿս
ʱһӰһŴѩɫʱ䣬漴ɴ˵£úҶүȥȥ
˵֮ŴѩɫĳӰȥ˵ҶҲ֪ղǵӰʲôǱ
򲻹ŴѩҶţٶȣŴѩѾﵽ֮Ҳ׷ϣҪȻѾ䵽ˡ
֪ô֪ҵݣ
Ҷ󽫾иӣĵ۹ȫ֪ˣ۹ҲǾ˽֪Сӣܲˡ
һѪֻ˵Լģȴûз֣ǰ꣬ѾϵɱҲʼɢš


038 ˫ͷ
ҶԽԽ䣬ڵڤٵתţȻ֪Լܲһ¶ԸҶֻ֪һλᡣ
ŴѩҶкֻƾԼһ˵ʵսʤˡ
һѪҲǰе㲻ԾʲôطԾҲ˵в֪ΪʲôһвС
ĵ۹֮ǰҶҵүֱҪס丸ף˸Ϊǰô
ҶҲץס㣬Ҫ䲻䲻⣬˵־ͳ֣Ҷ춯ˣһû˿ı
ֻоԼ䣬漴ǰһǰһ꣬˶Ǵһֱڣǻ֪ʲô飬ôҲóˡ
˱Ͼ̣ȻҶһֲǺܿ˱״̬׼ӭս
֮֮սʵȵ˭ΪֻΪﵽ֮ܵΪá
ҶȴԳ˴֮Ȼڵ壬ֻеĻоڤȴ¼
еڤѾʼҶתʵҶѾ֪ԼȻҲֻǴﵽ֮ӵеģô򵥡
ȻҶ컹֪ԼӵеʲôȴţҪͬȼܶࡣ
˵ƣһ̶ݺݵӡҶ֮ϣһѪеǣǰ꣬û˿Ķҡ
Ƕпˣﵽ֮ȻȲԵǵʯֱ׾١
ڣ˵ƣϣû˿ķӦβиеԾ
磬СеŹ֣þС
ݵĳԾ֮һѪʶǰĺ꣬ʲôνķǺһʵ̡
ͷβҶ춼ûг֣Ϊ뿴ԼѪ֮Ƿֵܹס̵Ĺ
ģȻҶеһ󷭹ʵ֤ʾԺͳ˲һǾ־¼
λνǼȻƣǲҲӦûأ
Ŀǰˣһ̵Ҷ죬һͷѪϻҪһ̵ǰʳ
һȻһѪһ̸еЩֻţǱϾǿ̡
棬˫ƶһ𣬶ʱһ˵ڱ˲Ҷ塣
жʱһҶһ̸оԼ뵽һƬ֮УܶΪֻҪһԽԽ
ʲô
Ҷа漴ڤջأѸתǺܿ㱻˻Ҷһƨ˵ϡ
ʵƿǵĺ֮ΪʦϽڤڻȥ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻҶԺ֮Уû˿ĳɣǬʱصԼڡ
޼Ǭ
漴Ҷǰ˾žŰʮһýӰԲηλתţںڤǬȻ
һѪûȥǰ꣬˵ɫʹɫ漴һһڰ֮˲
ʱһѪ˲ˣһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷǰһλ˫ͷӣֻ֣ȣֻ۾ӣ졣
ҶݺݵһԼĿˮڰ֮һ𺳵ĺ쳹ƬأǺĶҪٱ
ʲô
ҶкݺݵԼôӢ޵Уٱŵʱ䡣
ʲôϿ֣ҪȻûлˡ
Ҷ컹㶵Ŀǰ֮ʱʯӵٴһξʯӵҲż־ȡ
ҶҲʱѣʲôҲҪ㣬漴Ǭ㼱ٵ˳ȥ
ಣಣಡ
ʮһƿ𣬵ǰʮһýӰȴ벻˹壬ֻڼ֮ż
һߺޣ漴Ҷ߸Ծ˫תǬƴݺݵȥ

ͷͬʱ˵䣬ֻƱ˲Ҷ˫һܽӴ
һ죬漴˷ֿҶʮǿվסǹȴû˿ʮһýӰҲץס˻ᡣ
ʮһýӰһû£ȫ˹ϣҶиеǣû˿ˡ
ڳ¼ǬĹˣǰ˫ͷҶ治֪Լʲô
û뵽ҶҵȻһز©̣ʹСˣûϵǵĺ֮Ҳûаһأ


039 
˫ͷɭɭĿǰЦţһ̣Լҵʲôʳһ㡣
Ҷûٳ֣ΪҪʱһУҲûκεĻᡣ
ǾʱһӰȻƮлһ˿Ů㡣
òҶҲ֪˭˶ڰ֮֮⣬ڻ˭
û˿Ĵ֣˺֮󣬱һ˫ͷиеֻš
ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ̵Լ˵ϵΪʲôֻһǾԶ겻
Լˣ۹Ĺ֮⣬һǿ̣һ֣Ҳмǿơ
˫ͷ˱֮ɫ̧֣һƻӳߵķݣһգ۱䵽Ҷԡ
Ҫ˹
һŭĴ漴ӣʱҶǰһҶѾǰˣ̺ھ硣
˸ոأֻŭĹţдҵĹƣǰ˫ͷȥ
һѪûӣֻһֵƣ϶ʱһźڰ֮⡣

ĸָո˵꣬˫ͷ߸ߵԾֲֻ֪ôģôһֻаɵľƣݺݵĳűѹȥ
Сģ
˫ͷ˵ĸֵʱҶжʱһֲõԤУʱѣѾˡ
ɾƺݺݵѹȥû˿Ľ㱻˲ĳ뿪֮˫ͷصԭλ֮ʱ
ԭֻһƬѪɫʬ嶼û¡
ɫѿĲѿˣ漴Żɱʽȴе̡
ºò̵ֶΣ
䣬ǿҵɱһ̵Ҷ죬ûκʱڸɱˡ
ٺ١ڰҲĳû˵ǲˡ
䣬˫ͷٴθ߸Ծֶֻʱںϣγ˰ɾƣݺݵĳѹ
ҶȻҪնɱ˵ĳ嶯ȴû˿İ취ΪۣǬ޷սʤһѪ
ʱҶȻоԼģʲôҪһ˲һѻɫ񽣣С
񽣣
һͺΪ˫ѾӡԼģʱҶҲ֪ʲô飬û뵽ڣȻֳС
תڵȻ䵽֮Сʯӵʱ֮һ˿ϲ
Ҷ첻ҵΪɾƴ˲ѹΨһİ취ָĻ񽣡
ڵٴηתȫӿ뵽еĻ֮ϡ
յʲôһ㣬񽣶ʱǣ˲˰֮еĽ䡣
޼Ǭ
һҶ컹ʹõǬ֪ΪʲôҶΪԼʹǬһնɱǰ˫ͷ
˲仯ɾžŰʮһʵ彣Ӱû˿ͣ٣ϷİɾƼȥ
˫ͷʹĴղźټ᲻ߵӣǵǬʱ䣬ͺһֽһͰơ
ಣಣಡ
󣬵»صҶ֮ʱ˫ͷʹĴɾ֮ϣеֻǰʮһ
ܣǵĴܱƵģܵģ
˫ͷһĴ󺰣һѪ±һ۵ӣɫȴ԰׵ѿ֮
ҶûзŹλᣬǺ壬»صģҪһβֻе
ϵľʹҶԥĳ֣һûʹǬǸոڤ
һѪɵӣֻһŲܣѾǳֵĺꡣ
һ̣ѾҪôҶԲĴΪԵ˵ĴȣǶԼĲ̡
˫ƺݺݵץס˵ͷ­û˿ԥ漴һѪĲ㱻Ҷšϡ
ֱڣҶвŻһΪʱֱ̫˼ˣö˶˵ˣȻ˲һͷֵֻĹ
ҶǻɣԼʺãղ˵ͱɵˣ漴ԵŮӣжʱһ˿һĸо
ȻһŻµ飬԰׵ϣҲһ˿ѪɫٴŻ
ôû°ɣ
ҶԼ֪Ϊʲôһ̵ûǰǰĮǷĹġ
ΪղԼΣ֮УܲĳȣʵΣǷģǷƷʵѵõϿɡ
Ҷİ˰֣Żµ˵


040 ޵
ŻʱŽͣҶ治֪һ˫ͷֵĹôģȻ˰ʱ
ʵ֪Ȼһǿ̣ǲô˵һʵĹʲôʱơ
ղǸҲ̫̬˰ɣ˫ͷ֣ҡ
ֱһ̣еµӣﲻͣһѪˡ
ҶֻһЦ漴ʦղ飬ΪŪһϣҲи׼
ʦղǸ֮ʲôΪʲô˻˲壿
ղʹǺ֮һɵĶžѧȻֻǶɣǾҲǡ
ҶһȻܹʦ֮УνɵĿ֮
˵ʵֻҪ֮󣬾ͻ֮࣬ǴޱȣҪǸղŻ֣˵ֻΪʦԳˡ
Ҷĸ֣ҪԶסһ㣬ϾҪ
ڸô죿
òײŻˣɫɲ԰ޱȣǺ¡
Ҷеʱ̫ģϾŴѩֻһˣҲϲʲô̴֮ԲҲһս
ȵŴѩпܣҲ°ɡ
㲻ǿЦɣǸŴѩ̴Բܴù𣿡
򲻹ҲҪ뿪ôŴѩǻȥұҲ鷢Σգ뿪ɡ
쵰
һŭͷҲص뿪ˣҶûпתͷһ̣¶һ˿ŭꡣ
Ǻܿ죬վҶǰһˬĿǰֻ꣬˵һ仰Ҷ˵¡
㻹Ƿһϴ裬ҪȢҡ
Ҷݺݵһ¿ˮⶼʲôʲôǰŮӣֱȸղŵ˫ͷﶼѲ
Сģˡ
䣬ҶֿٵĶ㵽һƬӲ֮УϵϢ˲סû˿¶
һգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷո뿪ĵطŴѩȻԭأǻûվȽŸɫʱ䡣
һ˲ʬǰһ̵Ŵѩʹһ㣬ɫû˿ı飬ȴˡ
˭֣ȻܹƿλʦܵĴˡ
Ŵѩţ漴û˿ͣ٣ٵ뿪˷ɽλʦܵʬ嶼ûдߡ
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˵֮ҶҲǷԸ⣬һתʱʧԶľͷ
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Ϊ޵СΪĿͷôô۹ϣգû۸ġ
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һӰ漴ǰһӣǲǰ뿪ɽϷӡ
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ǰһеӣûκεһһʮȫϷӣȴʡԼܲҶ顣


041 ƺ
֮ϷӵɫʱޱѿȻһߣһһΪﵽǵ顣
ǲ֪Ϊʲôָоһǰĵ۹Բôļ򵥡
Ȳ˵ˣҪϻص۹ںһȥɣ
У
붼û룬һڻؾǰӣԼ֪ԼΪʲôؾ˼
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϶ʱ¶һ˿岻ı飬кǸԼ̻ȥء
ߣϣһֻԻĵ۹ôҹҪˣ
˵֮ϷҲԸԸ⣬ֱһץסһ粽ʧԭء
΢ʬȻɢһɹŵĶһգ۵ʱ䣬ʧؼ䡣
һӰҶ漴ʬֵĵطһҶɫȴޱ
ˣʬ嶼ˣҪԼ뿪ôֻһܣǾŴѩץˡ
һ뵽ҶɫԽô˵۹ĹҪڻĵ۹ʲô£ʱ֮սǲɱġ
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ʱҶԺ֮УȻһӰ

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뵽Ҷûղǰ㵣ǣҪ뿪쳣ĲģϾѾ֪˻䡣
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վһɽ֮ϣҶĶԶ޾գ˻ɽʱˣȻһ
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˵ʯû˵ΪЩ飬˵һԼĵӡ
Ҷָո˵꣬˲뿪ɽۡ
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һԾһ£漴ҶУһûκεԥһڱҧȥ
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һ֣ҶʱĲѣΪѾǰھ磬ÿһʵޱȵѡ
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Ҷڼѵʱ򣬾ʯӵٴԺ֮
ȻˣҶһ֮ʱѾ³еİôϲΪ԰Ϊ
ܹԼΪҶĻŹ˻ᣬٴθ߸ԾҶҪԼʱֱӴﵽ̺ڣˬ
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ҶôģһᣬԼʵȴܣҲ㰮վǰȴ˵һ


042 Ĵ
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Ҳ÷ˣȰѻ֮ΪʦһĹʱװ뼴ɣʲôʱöУ
Ҷжʱһϲʵû뵽¼ȻĹлʦ֮Ҷѹ·תԾܵĺˮ֮С
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Ҷа̾һһ̣ҶԼ֪ΪʲôȻ֮ģǺܿ㱻ˡ
ΪץסҲֻһЩѪҺ˺Բ޹ɱ
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û˿ĳɣΪҶܿѾ֣һ̵Ļ֪ΪʲôȻվһӳļӰ
һڵʱٵת漴Ҷӱ߸Ծһգԡ
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˽֪̫عĴҶǿֱ̣Ƕҹèǣʨ蹷
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̫ӵ£ֻģԽץסµʱ㲻Ͻ
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043 Է
ҪıǣӶȡýҩҶкףҪӶȡҩֱǧѡ
вң
عɫʱԼǵ̫ӣǰ꣬Ǳ֮Ϊǧ겻ķһвôưոء
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Է٣첻Уҵ̫֮λ͸㣡
ع漴£ͷһʱĴ֮ȫٵǰ
ڹ¸ҿͷҿԿǷߣ
һĵĿǰĺ꣬ĸǵ۹Ĵ󽫾˵ɱˣǻõȵڡ
еԽŨպĵ۹عȨôҶѾԼ϶ᱣ
䱣һͶһҶ첻һظ֮ˣ˵飬ᶨƵȥҲΪʲôҪԼء
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ҡҡͷҶ첻˵ʲôҲһۣĶӣȴΪʲôثܣҶ벻ͨ
ǲͷˣ
ҶȻû˵֮¶ı֮ɫôԶ׼عܵˡ
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˸ӳԾǣӡϣӡһɽ֮£аһãˣˡ
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һ£һֱųսع㣬ʶԣ벻ͨΪʲôС󣬱˳֮Ϊķڻ
Ҷĵ۹μȣعΪ飬ûвμӣҲûȵ顣
֪Ҷ첻ĵ۹μȣջĸ֣ʱعҲˡ
ǰھ磬ΪһֻԹڻ
ʱվع֮еĶǣ˵ղž֪Ķ˻
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Ϊ֪Ȼǻĵ۹̫ӣǻ֮ǰҲֻһ̫ӣûеĵز
̣û뵽Ȼһ̣սʤ𣿡


044 аа
֪Ϊʲôعһһָоǰĺ꣬ǰһˣֻǷĹϵ
һֱնɱߣʵĴеκһˣܰ쵽
˶ûлشΪУûκһˣʮİսʤǰꡣ
һعӵľˣΪĴʵȻ֮Уûһ˵Ϊﵽ̴Բ
жǵΪȴҲﵽڣˣǰڣ˵ʵ̺Ҳõʲôˡ
̫ӵ£ǰеŹ֣ǵκˣûаս£ϣ򡭡
ҹèһֹӣ̣ȥԸһ꣬У¾һ衣
Узˣ̫ӵĻҲ̫Ϸˣ
ŹҶ죿ֱЦعСʮ꣬һֱҶ첻˳ۣһκò״һᣬ׷Ź
ʵعУһӻ뷨ǾǳѵõĻᣬֱӲҶ죬ֲ
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ĴûжΪǶˣҹèĿһиеһΣô˵ǰӶ̫ӣʵڲŭ
漴ع㣬һգ۱Ҷǰ
ҲĶ֣
漴¶һ˿ɻҶ첻֪һ̣λΪʲô˵ЩܿҶеԭ
һĴԼĲ֮ͬ˲ɱߣʵŵ֮УҲǿߵС
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ڴ⣬漴Ҷڵڤٵת˵ҶҲ֪ҹèаŹԸаŹ͵аа
ͬһĺ漴ɽʱҹèèʧӰ٣漴ҹèһȵĿǰĺꡣ
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ҹè˫֮ʱɫ˲䣬ΪԼ˫Ѿʼıɺɫһտζÿ˵ıӡ
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ȷǿǱ֣ǵְ𣬲ôԺǶѣ
蹷䲻ҶڶУȴʮֵĻϲߣлһ̣ѣ˭Ҳ֮⡣


045 Ȯ
Ҷûж룬漴ʹĴӦع㣬ɫȴޱȵ
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ֻ˺üغҲûзֳʤȻҶ쳯ǰ˰˰֣ЩĮ˵
ȥû˼ǱһУһжʤλսʤң̫ӵ´ãλˣôλҪٹ֮飡
ãҴӦ㣡
Ĵûлشع㼱ɴĴΪ߱ͲÿƣֻµʱԼ£ʲôѡ
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ɢɱĴ𺳣عҲһȻĿţڳԼĺꡣ
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ҶĻع϶ʱ䣬ʵڲţҶȻҶ֣ô˵Ҳǻĵ۹̫ӡ


046 ȷѪ
ԼҲ벻ԼʮķһͻȻǿ
عЩˣʱ治Ӧӣû취ܲҶʰԼɡ
ǣȥɵ
ع쳣ķ꣬Ĵһգ۵ʱѾˣֻʣĶǣǲ֪Ϊʲôعָоǰ꣬ʵԲֳġ
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Ϊʲô֣ǱҵİȫǾ𣿡
عķŭˣֻһߣĴ޷սʤҶ죬͸ûˣٲ֣Լһ衣
̫ӵ£İȫȴû˵ǣҲĶ֣ϣ̫ӵˣջع
ǵĻعҶҲһľȣ漴ҲȻˣϾ̵ĵλǳȻġ
ȻҶ첻֪ôĴع㣬һعûȨĴκ飬Ҳ˵Ļ
ǣҪ˵ÿһ仰պұǻϣʱٲٻ󣬲һȥһڸǰһ
һҪǿߵϣ˸㣬Ҫ˵㣬ǻϣҲǿͿ
ǵĿȻţҶкףǶ˵ÿһ仰ûһǿģ˵ۼ̣ҪͿ
˵һ۹Ϊô̱ǵ۹αΪﵽ֮һ㲻Ϊ۹Ч͡
Ҷ޵г⣬ΪҶػĵ۹ÿһҶҼ壬һһǿ̡
ع㳹û˵ˣΪҲ˵ȫʵ߲ߣ֪׸ô졣
漴ǿǰĺ꣬ޱĮ˵ҲĶ֣ȻҲ֪ղʹĽʲôţһǿ󡣡
лл佱
Ҷûлش𣬱ϾʦǬЩĶԵñ˵Ҳ֪ǬһϹ
ôǵ۹̫ӣҲӦߣҪȫİȫ֪¿ɲԸǸӣҪΪ
ߣ
ҶиеɻѣܹӶǿжô𾴣ܹһ𾴣Ϊ֮ϡ
㲻֪ߣ
죬ѵ˸ʺ˵Ļ𣿡
һ˵ߣѳع̫ӣȻüԵĿǰĶǣһ̣ǲʲô̡
ҶѾﵽ֮۹һЩ飬Ȩ֪
Ķһ䣬漴Ҷ˵ǵ۹ĻʦһǿĶ飬ĸȣſԻ졣
һ䣬ʲô磿
ҶеɻŨΪ֪УΪﵽ̴ԲԽ֮Ƕһ˵Ķ飬Ҷȴû˵
̴ﵽԲԳֱ֮֮֮Ϊ֮Ϊﵽַ֮Ϊ磬ֱΪ龳;ʦÿһַΪǣ߱һΪﵽǵߣ
֮ҵ۹ĻʦȻһǿĶ飬һҶкȻԼҶҵȡ
֪ڴﵽôľ磿Ҷ첻뵽ʱ˫ħҶѰ֮ʱԼʦ˵һ顣
Ҷ֮ԷΪ磬龳磬;磬ʦ磬Ȼ֪ʦһʲôľ硣
ҶۼԼڵʵվŲܹѹʵֱڻһӰ
һ䣬ʦ֮ϻо𣿡
Ҷһ䣬ֻǰĶʵסˣ˵ʦ֮û磬û˵ǵ۹ڣȴһǿʦ
۹ڣһǿʦҶжʱһȻ֪ʦʵҶкΪﵽľ磬ʱԷΪƸΪꡣ
Ȼ۹ôΪʦΪʲô۹۹
˵Ĵ¶֮ɫعҲһ֮ɫ
۹ӵʦ۹ͬӵУһսȷѪ꣬۹֮и涨Ǿ߲Բ뵽ս֮ȥ
ȻˣʵҶ뵽Ȳ˵۹˵۹һֻػȻҶ첻֪ʲôľ磬Ҳڻĵ۹ڡ


047 
֮Ϊ磬ڵҶ˵ô𺳣ϾʵûдﵽǸΣе
˵۹һػ֪Ϊﵽľ磿
һ̲֪ΪʲôҶ֪ģ۹ʵ
˵۹ĴɫˣֻعҶɫȻĿˣ֪ΪʲôôķӦ
̾Ϣһ漴ޱε˵۹ǧһֱΪµһʵǿޱȣҲžػ۹ŻΪ֮ס
ػǧꣿ
ĸһҶ죬عɫҲǶʱ䣬˲֪һΪʲôԻôá
Ҳǿеɻ漴Ǽ˵޲һǾ˵ﵽ弶ϣԻǧ֮á
弶ϣ
޵ʵһһ൱ߵĺֻ֮Ҫﵽ磬൱ߴﵽ֮Դơ
궾ǵĻҶд˽ʵĻ֣һҶѾף۹һֻ弶ľ
弶ľ൱֮еʦ磬ĴڣҶܹţ۹ĵλܶҡ
عҲǵĻ˵סˣ۹λڣҴﵽΪ۷壬֪ģû뵽
۹֮Уʦ򣬶۹֮е۹һʵǿʦ֮
ںȽϣ˭ʵǿһЩ
ȻعЩܼӵ״̬ǲô˵ǻĵ۹̫ӣԺĻĵ۹Ҳ£عǵ¡
ں;ûбȹԲ֪˭ʵǿһЩͬȼߺޣһ޸ӵ
һعϸǳ˵ǣȻı²ôߣҰȴǲСȵԼλعֽ۹ˡ
ҶֻҪһعӣ֪ʲôҪһƾعı£ֱܡ
Ҷȴûбֳô˵ҶػŻĵ۹պ۹Ҫ۹ҶҲ˿ԥĳǰ档
̫ӵ£֪ڻԸ𣿡
ҶûȥʶǣתͷĶǰӣ֮¶ıϢʱعеһ
һо˫عӲİҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
͵ΪֹҶ죬Ҫסһ㣬Զǵ۹ĳӣһһܸı䣡
عĻĴɫǲı˱䣬ҶȴһƽӣعĻǶ˵һ
Ҳ̫ӵһ仰ȻҶػŵ۹һҪǻΪʵۣôҶҲػ۹
䣬Ҷûȥع㣬ǰĴĵ˵ͷתһϢĻ׼뿪
Ҷ֣ȵȣ
Ҷɻת˵Ķǣ֪һ̶ǽסԼʲôΪܹǶԼû˿ɱ
ǽҩԺѣ
һŻҺɫҩ䵽ҶУеҩ裬Ҷ쳯Ŷٴε˵ͷʧ¡
ҶǰŸߣعɫ˲ת䣬û˿˫ȭһݺݵҧš
̫ӵ£ǻǻȥɣѾˣϸżˣ
ǿһع㣬еԽŨѾλȥ֮;˵ӴԺҲܼӡ
Уǲһصصİܼӣ첻ѧ£
Ĵʱסˣǲ֪ǰΪʲôȻûκһ˵е˼Բˡ
һлʮ߸Ȼ̫ӣ滹ʮ߸ܵܵţҪǲװҵ̫֮λܱ𡣡
ⷬĴȫ˵סˣôҲû뵽ʮһܼӣȻܹ˵ֻ
ĸ磬ܹ̫ӣȫΪʾÿǷĸ̫࣬Բʱҵ̫ӣѻҲװһܼӵӣ˵ˡ
̫ӵ£һ㲻֪ȻѾ̫ӣԺΪϱϵʵ㻹ʲô
һϵʵʼҵ֮ĶԹ֪Һ˵֮£ϣе֪𣿡
İɣ̫ӵ£ȻҲ֪ʼ֮飬ȴ֪һ£Ǿȥ϶ᡭ


048 ֮
عû˵ʲôĴĻ̬֮ת䣬Ҳ¶һ˿ȡ
Ͼĵ۹̫ӵ£һܼӵѴĺȻЩеľȿ֪
˱뿪˻ɽܿص˻ʹ漴عǰ鹧Ŀǰĸʡ
ȥĿ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷعЩŵĻصʣĺܿģ˼Ҳˡ
ĸ뿪磬֪Щ࣬ǲô˵㶼ǵ۹̫ӣԺѧϰպĵ۹Ҫ㣬ȥɡ
ǰӣһ漴ع뿪˴Ǹոճ˴֮⣬عɫ˳ת䡣
һܹݣ۹һҵġ˵֮عʧããҹɫС
֮ڣ۵ɫҲѱ֮ɫ漴
Ӳ򵥣۹պ˵Ĵ£ͳһ
ҵĶˣϷ𣿡
ûг֣֮ҵʵᳬԽʱ򡭡
ĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô۾ĵĿԶһ̵˼֡
ɽһСϿȣҶ쿴ǰĻһʯϡ
֪˵Ļץ㲢ûж⣬ֻҪϵļλѪҺҵһѣԸԸ⣬ֻͷҡҡͷС
ûҶи֪Ǻԣǻ϶ԡ
ȻҶĻ֮󣬻ԵͷֻС۾תͣ
óʱ䣬Ҷ˵ԴȻ˵ҿԸ㼸λѪҺҲӦһ¡
һ𺳵ĿǰĻһҶʱˣ޾Ȼ˵ֱ˼顣
Ҷ治һ飬һֻ˵ֵõ˫ڵãֱǰվһֻ˵ĺꡣ
Ϊʲô˵
ǻһۣôܺһأһֻдﵽ֮ſԿ˵һЩ츳ޣֻҪﵽ֮Կʼ˵
֮
Ҷ֪еĻ֮ʲôܹĳԻ֮𾴣ôԡ
֪޵ʵôֵ𣿡
Ҷû˵֮еǷݿѾϾһߣʵǶôҪ
޷ΪʮȼһǺޣʵﵽ磬֮Ϊϱ߼Ϊ߼ڣ˼޵ۣżʮ棬ʮһ޻ʣʵﵽ޻ʾ磬Կ˵ʮʥԻΪΣʮϾ磬񡣡
һҶˣ޷Ϊʮ磬˵ȴҪΪﵽʮһ޻ʾſԣȻҶ첻֪޻ʵʲôľ硣
ǲ֪ΪʲôҶָоǾ޻ʵʵɲ⡣
޻ʵʵ֮еʦȣһʵǿ
ʦҲ̫߿ʦˣҿھ͸㣬֮еʦе޻ǰƨǣʦ൱弶ޣԼɡ
һǿʦֻ൱弶ޣȻﲻԺ֮кȻһ漴Ҷ뵽ʲôƵģ漴ʵ
֮Уʦ֮棬ǲǻиߵľ磿
Ȼ
û˿ĳɣش漴˵֪һΪĴ󾳽磬ֱ徳ߡ̣龳顢͡ʦ꾳ڡǾ桢ʣľʥͬʮ磬޵ʵһ
һ̣Ҷߵʵ֣ԭǰ죬ΪԼʵﵽ֮ߴ½룬һ̣һϡ
ȻҶ첻֪֮ôľ磬Ϊʵ۷壬ҶţΪﵽľ磬϶Ժ绽ꡣ
ˣҴӦǸʲô
ȻҶ첻֪ԼʲôҶ֪ûоܾɣǿնɱǲ֪ΪʲôУǰֻظС
ջ˵ֻдﵽʮһ磬޻֮ſԿ˵ǰĻȴֻһֻޣô츳ҲܻῪ˵
ֻϣպܹһ
Ҳ̫˵
ҶƲѣ֪ǰ˵ʲôһ
պֻ֪ҪסҰУ
ҴӦ㣬ϵĻѪҺڻòڿʼҪһֱң



ڶ 


049 
һһ޴Э飬ҶʲôʱڵĻѪҺҪʱ׼ѪҶպҪһ
һһ֮ԼûжͣҶŻղŵ£ǰһɫĹʵһһжݺݵһԼĿˮ
һʮһʮţ㿴ô
Ҷ컹û˵ǻתֻС۾ˮȻͣȲ˵
Ҷ첢û˵Ϊ֪һժϵôòһʱ̣˲ή
ҪϵҶҲԸ⣬Ҫõȴû˿İ취
㲻ժҿɾͲ˰
˵ŻҪ¿ŻվµҶ죬ɻժô˷ˡ
Ҫ
һеĴ漴Ӳͣ˽ŲζźԴɻĿ֪꣬ΪʲôסԼ
ժò˼ʱ䣬ȫήʱһŶò
˵ŵĻѸֻСǰԻԼؿڣյʲôľš
Ҫô죿ѲɷЩҪ֪ĻоǶôҪ
ĻҶ᲻֪Ҳûκεİ취ԺȻһҶƺʲô漴¶һ˿Цݡ
а취һᣡ
˵֮ҶҲܻȵı飬Ժ֮кʦǺܾöûҶΪʦʱ򣬾ʯӵصԺ֮С
ˣҵĺͽܰ
Ҷʱ֪ʦôˣȻԼЦҶ쵱ȻΪԼʦĺԼƽϡ
ΪʦڽһϹΪǽеĻϣȻڵоûоѣƾоҲǿܹˡ
Ҷжʱеһ𣬲֪ΪʲôĸֵʱкȻһּ¶ĸо
СӣǲǱΪʦһпѧˣ
ʦһʲôĹ
ʵҲзλΪ˵£װأȻֻ֮еһ֣ҲֻǺܴ󡣡
Ҷ쾲վԭأԶգ֪һʲôҲûдҶ죬ͬĶҶĽ¡
ھͰĹھڸ㣬ס׹κˣԺĵҲͬԣ
ʦģʦҵκιûʦ֮£ᴫڸκˣ
Ϊʦ㣬ץɣΪʦһ֮ڣһߵɣ
ʦģһú
˵֮Ҷһƨڵϣ˫ֳ죬ʼʱһ˿ɫĳţҶӿ롣
ʱɴ˫ֻۣС۾ǿҵĲţһ̷ʲô˼顣
壬һҪͻƿﵽ֮˰ɣ
˵ҲҲԣΪһ̵Ҷ죬ͻƿﵽ֮ȻȻµĻ
ҶУˣһһţΪʯӴڸһȻǶĿٿռ䡣
ȻҶ첻֪һĿռʲôҶ֪ʦڸԼҪһĿռ䣬ֱǳ˵λ
Ժ֮лصĿھķؼĻٵĳҶӿ룬Ҷͷ֮ϣγһΪλǿռ䡣
ʵΪλΪռ䣬ٳһĿռ䣬ֻ֮ҪκһУͿ
ǳмȫӵУҲֻͽУûҲӲ
ķ˵ȫԼɵĶռ䣬סһߣֻҪ߽Լôס
ѾҶ𺳵飬ǵ£γһ硣
ҶȴûаκεϣȲ˵ԼܲԼڵ廹ûоѡ
ҶЩûڣʱҪ֪ԼҪľҲڤˣǾ֮еκһ
ʱתۼţһʱ˲伴ܿҹĻѾĵ֦ͷʱʱļ𣬻Ļصڻɽÿһ䡣
ѳ˯лһܵĿˮޱȵݡ


050 ô
һʱ䣬Ҷǿɼ򵥵˫ۣҶʱ⡣
ˣǲǴﵽ֮ˣ
ɻĿǰĻҶ첻֪һ˵ʲôʲôԼﵽ֮
㲻ƭңղڣΪﵽ֮ףѵ㲻֪
жʱһҶȻ֪ղţԼϷʲô飬һҶȷԼΪûдﵽʲô֮
ȻҶҲϣԼΪܹﵽ֮ڵԼֻһոΪﵽڣ֮һ·̡
һûдﵽ֮ղҲΪյĻ
ʲô
Ҷû˵Ķǰ漴Ҷ춯ˣֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ϵʮ˲䵽ҶС
Ҷָ컭أǰĿУʱһĶռ䣬ɫĶռ䣬ɢһ˿ԵϢ
ʮʱص˲ʧһһ޵ǰһ»ɵˣֻС۾ֱˡ
ղʹʲô
ʦҵһпѧʱҪõʱ򣬱ʱã
ҶĻûˣкףʱҪһռ䣬ӡУҪٶռ䣬ǻҲܡ
ܹٶռ䣿ѵʥߣ
еĵÿһѪһҶҲȷʦڸ¾ҲܴﵽΪﵽʥ֮
ûΪﵽʥ֮򲻿ԼĶռ䣬ΪʦԿ϶ؾС
ʯӵȻҶԺ֮У֮ǹţ˭Ҳܸܵõ
ҡҡͷҶûĿǰĻ漴˵ҲʲôʥߣֻʦľѧУʮֻܸš
ţ㿪Ц˰ɣŲһţҪȻѪҺõһΣ
ҶĿǰĻһ仰˵ֻôĶſֱĻë
˺ˣˣĿ㲻Ҫôߣ
ҶȻ˵Ķſ֮еֻһ˿ᷳ
žţݣ
˵꣬ҲҶ죬ֱһԾʧ£ЦЦ漴ҶҲٵĸȥ
ûиҶ죬ô˵ͷʵ̫ˣһһţֻҪһڵ۹±Ϊеĳ
Ҷû뵽ǣȻ仯˲ԱһֻֻаƴССꡣ
˿һΪνĻҶһοʱҲţ󾭹һȷϣǰʵ
ٴλصУҶ첻֪ΪʲôкȻ˵ĸо뿪ҵ⼸죬һִûгֹĸоǾˡ
ҶȻָ֪оΪʲô֣Ҷףһ̵Լһˡ
ҶС˳֮ΪԼĸ׺Ͷ֮⣬Ҳûκһ˹ĹԴСҶ춼ΪԼûмҡ
ѵͲܶסһ𣬾ĸף
ĸŶӵĶͷҶĸ̲סҶ޵ǵĮĿǰĶӣһ仰û˵
ֻȥ֮꣬һô˵ڵƳҵģｨã
ȥɣж־ķҪסһ㣬ۺʱⶼļң
ǰԼļˣҶǿеĲᣬ۴͸򾫱·ˡ
СʨǲûдҶҶңԼĶҶ裬ҶСʨǩԼΪ˰ޡ
򾫱Ҷкѹһʯ򳦴ϣʱʱĴѻС
ǻҪòܵƳǣ
Ҷ뿪۹Ҷʮˣڵĵطﻪĵ۶Ѿʮǧ
һ˲Ҷǰĳǰһ漴˵ѾƳǣʮԽˡ
󺺱ҶʱŵĽ̹٣ΪҶ췢֣۸ŵ򾫱ֻǰʵﵽ֮
Ҷû˿ԥʱߵ򾫱Ľ̹٣ҶҪĲǾǿľ
࣬˶ԭشʱ֮Ƴǣ
ǣ
û˿ԥ漴ȫԭشʱƳǣϽɣһ£ȫ¶ʱԭشȴʱ֮ĽƳǡ


051 
ǰ򾫱Ҷеһɨ⣬Աһȥһ̵Ҷ죬ѱһλƽһꡣ
ү˵ȥƳǣɲʲôõط
Ҷɻ̧ͷǰԼѡеĽ̹٣֮УΨһһΪﵽ֮ˡ
ү˵Ƴһʺĵط۹ˣƳǲ۹һҰɧţ˵ľڻʮˣ
ĻҶɫû˿ĸı䣬֮¶ıϢĲڡ
ݺݵĴһֻоԼı˲ͺ䤱ʲôһ
Ļֻһ飬ȻƳǵĳôƳպֻĸã˵𣿡
ףףүûʲô£ȥϢˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͺõʲôһ㣬β;ˣȻһߣкǰλүʲôˣǿնɱ̵ǿڡ
ڣҶΪƳǵĳƳǵһȨȫУֻҪҶһ仰ԼôĶ֪
һƵڵϣž֮ϵкѹһʯȻҶʵ֮ô˵ԼҲһߡ
ҶԴͺԴһһ㣬ȴû˿İ취˭˼Ҷ󽫾ĶӣͱԼá
ǱΧˣͨͨվųһվԭأ
˼֮ʣһĺʱ쳹ÿһĶС
࣬ҶҲһɻĿ˵ˣ֪һʱһ
վ򾫱ǰģһȺֳ־޸׳һۿȥѹѹһƬ˵Ҳжˡ
ò£ҶҲ֪ԼʲôɽֻҶû뵽ǣǰɽҲ̫ˣ컯֮£ȻҴپӡ
վɽǰһҶиǰŮӣΪվԼǰŮӣҶ춼ȷŮ
ֻ֣۾ţ۶˫־ֻƣСȱҶĴȶ֣ϵļһһĵģҪǺһβ裬ҶΪһеġ
ǴֿŮӺ棬ȴվһŮŨܺɫĴ˳ڼͷŨܵĽëȻԸз˫ʱ޿̲͸¶ַ顣
ŨŨüëҲһֱЦ⣬ģҹ£ƤŵҺɫ촽ͻ٣ͣرĿʯ
ܲ˵ǣǰλŮһ˫ϸľȣȣκ˶޲ȥҧڡ
ľŮҶսʿݺݵԼĿˮҪ˵ˣҶҲݺݵһ¡
ǰһȺƻˣһ۲գˮĿԼãʱŭѣһٰʮֱغ
ȺˣҵãǲҪ
֮󣬾ΪѾﵽ֮Ҷ죬ҲϲĤһѣ˵֮ûдﵽʿˡ
ҶûȥЩΪ֣ղŷҰһŮӣȻһ̣ΪȻԼ֮ϡ
һֶʱҶеһ£Ҷû˵ΪЩҪ֣漴һһҡ˳ȥ
ô˼ѵûпǾӵ𣿡
ֱڣ໹֪վǰĴŮӣһǿ̣Ҫ֪һٸҲ߳ȥ
ʲôƨӣУǻͷɽȺڹ˵ˣ˵ҿԣҪӴ˹·ƣ
ŮӵĻҶʵ̲סһ΢ЦʱһЦҪˣڣʱЦ
ܹܵˣ漴һ˲ǰû˿ԤףһƱûκεԴ;޴ƣһܽӴ
Ȼһ̸˲ͷϵĴɫ˲ŵĺ̡

һĴЦ漴Ŀǰĺ˵ղЦģ
Ҷ컺ĴӵվĵǰûȥŮӣֻǺɸֵĿǰӣ˵
һˣȻһŮ˴ˣԺȥҪ˵ҶĽ̹٣ܶˣ㲻㣡
˵֮ҶҲɫжôѿת漴ǰȥ
ЩʱҪģְ취һǿŮ˴̼ڵĺնԷڣһ־Ҷɵ顣


052 ѹկ๫
ֿŮӽʮĵطվҶǿеЦ⣬Щ˵ɽѣǴǽٲƣǽɫأ
ҶĻþһסˣɽһҲϡƷһȻҶСѾƤ˼£˿ţле㲻
ֻҪٲƣǾôһ˵ҴɫҲˣСܵܣ׼ȥҵѹկ๫ɣ
ĻһʱһƬ֪λʲô裬ȻҪ
ǸүˣܲҲˣ
ʱ֮УȻ߳һʿָŴֿŮľС˵
ǻû£㿴ʿߵķݣವһ漴ʧ˵С
֣ҶûκεΪѿǰŮû˿ɱģҲùܡ
Ȼ۷λ󽫾ƹƳǣͳʿʿм˷ģʿɲǰ㣬ԿҶսʹ
СӣҲϻֻҪеǮȫұһأȺڹ˵㿴ã
ǰŮǹɼеζҶкݺݵĴһ漴˵Ǵһİɣ
ôģ
һսˣһƾ㴦ãҪˣֻҪҵţҺҶ𣿡
Ҷһ˵ָָǰľȣ֪ΪʲôԴӵһۼǰŮӣҶйɱ絽øо
ʱˣкǰ㣬Ƣһʲô¶ɵóһʱˣԼǡ
㡭
ҺˣҾͲսʤң˵ɣҪôģ
ûеѻ˵꣬Ѿ֮¶һǿҵıģУǰСôսʤһ̡
㡭
ѵ㲻Žʵ
ʱʵˣʮͣѾﵽ̺ھ磬Բǧͷ쳣ΰ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ̣Ǹое㲻ףǿǰ֮Уǹ¶ţĲԽǿ
Ž㣬ܿͻиˣ
˵֮СĴָǰĺ꣬Ĺ˹ֿ˵ɣС
Ҷ죬֪λСմ
ģҪʹôϻ
Ȼ֣컹ǰԼõǰΪѹկ๫ꡣ
Ҷһ飬֮Ҷ֣Ҫõ֣ԸԳҪôӦսˡ
ô˵Էһǿ̣ҶҪº֣ôţУԼƾǬܹնɱԷ
ҶȲ˵ԷиУէȻ۸򾫱
Ҷףӵ򾫱ǿޱȵ۹ȣֱǾţһëҶ첻һƽӹҪ֡
ǰ֮ѡҶɲûмɣֻҪʵʲôԡ
νֻۣƣҲϣԼֵʲôˣĶ㿴Σ
ʲôĶ
аһЦ漴Ҷ˵νĶҸڵϻһԲΣվУԳһΣԷű䡣
˶˶Էָô죿
⻹򵥣ˣѶԷ˳ԵԲ֮⣬ôǽųֱֳ֣ʤΪֹ
У
˵֮;֮У߳һˣҶ£һԲΡ
ŮʿȣȳְɡҶһƣ֮͸¶һ˿ţվڶ̲סüͷ塣
Сӹǣܲܳסһȭ˵ȻԲѣ㣬ֻҪҵĽŲ벽䣡
Ȼֻùˣ
˵ҶҪ֣ȺʱһҶǿܹʲô˵ԼˣԼֻ۸Ů֮ģҶȴûȻڳҪֵӡ
Ѳ㻹Ҫȳ֣㻹ǲǸˣ
˵ĲǱˣһֻûпڣҶҪȢΪŵ֮¶һ˿ƣȴ˵Ķ
⻰˵ˣҸտʼ֣㲢ûУҪȳ֣Ҳ˵ģǲ˵飬ֻԹ֪
û뵽ǰͻȻ˵ϵĺΣֱӶͷ쵽


053 һԾŶ
˵ʲôȴֹˣǰĺֿ꣬˵ϻ˵ʼɡ
漴ʱ֮ƣȴȳֻ֣֮һ쾳ֻʵӴΪﵽ֮Ϊá
ҶȴеΪˣȻǰŮϸ˵һŮˣǰŴͷҶ첻ֱӳְɡ
ҲǿеĹǣ漴¶һ˿ģת󱳶Ҷ죬˵һˣŮ˻鷳滳㵽ǲˡ
ҶжʱеһĴҲ֪ʱ;ӣʲôԼ
ãҳˣ
ûκεĳɣڵڤٵתҶ첢ûʹµʱǰŮӱһֻ
һ˿˿īɫڤ˿ĳҶ֮лţܿҶ֣ȫīɫȥ쳣Ŀֲ
̲סĴһƲѣʵôһ̲֪ΪʲôԼֲõԤС
Ҷûٳɣ֣ݺݵĴȥ˭ҲûпҶ־챳ֻм׵ʱ򣬺Ȼͣ
С˭ҲῴĳϾֻҶΪﵽ֮
ֻоԼһĴôסԼΣǲĳǰһ
ССһףԼѾˣȻתĶǰ꣬û˵
ķڷֵˣ
̣
Ҷû˵֮¶˼ѾԼһǿ̡
һز©ֵۣˣУ
ûղԼ˵µĴ󻰣˫ȭţȻʲô˭Ҳ֪һ̵죬Ѿŭ˼㡣
ЦһҶûôɵôԸҲûԸԽһһУ˿ĵز
ԺжʱصĹ漴Ҷ˫ĻӶ˼£һĻÿռ䣬˲ܡ
ȻҶʵܹʹһߵҶǿʹȫÿһ֡
һȻ첻֪һ̣ʹĵʲôָоǾοҪʧˡ
ˣ
϶ʱһΪѾԼĴĶ֣ûʲôǶעȴ
ҵĴС㣬ʱû˵ʹùֵѲҪˣ
Ҫ˵ˣҪʼˣ
˵׵һȭʱȭһܽӴ˶û뵽ǣҶû˺һ
ûһ˿ı飬ղһȭǴģһ²֮ѻȸҲûһ˵
ʿУȻǰǵĴ󽫾ҶɨͷѴϱʿԸҶ󽫾ݡ
ڲͬˣȻǲ֪ʵΣֻҪǴֿߣɽʯÿһжʵΡ
Ҳһ̣ÿһʿУϿҶʵʱ˿зХ
ʵҶ֪۸νʵֻеȣ۲ܰѵ۹ʿ
һҶ뵽Ҷȴû˿ĵǣ෴еЩڴһ죬еʿ֮ʦµʱ۷Ǻɡ
ҲһȻĿǰ꣬岻ͣĲţԸţƾ̺ھΪȻǰꡣ
㵽ʲôˣ
ǻĵ۹󽫾ƳǵĳҶ޵д󽫾Ҷ콫
ûеҶ쿪˵ƨƨߵߵҶǰЩ˵ҲǵһμҶ֡
ϴҶս۹ʹߵ飬ֻǵ;˵û˻ţһߣҪʿۼ⡣
ȻҶûдսеϸǿҲֱһ̣֪λ꣬Ȼһǿ̡
ǵ۹λഫѾõҶҷ
һȣֲԾԸе촽Щʧ̬ĺǻ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôɫʱ졣
ΪղԼĴ㣬ǰĺģԼһˣôҪΪӣԸΥԼĴȴƫƫˡ
ʵеĵǣԼ㣬νһԾŶӦ飬ˣ¼޸һʵڲԸ⡣


054 С
Ҷ漴¶һ˿ЦݣܹǰŮ룬ҶϲûбֳһɵĮ
˵ûҾǸҶҵķû뵽ҵȻôƳǶˣ
û뵽ǰû˿ķŭƽ˵˵ķͲ˵Լһ
ΪԼʵ˵Ƿһ֪ѶˣֻҪԼݣô֮ĶԼӴ˽ҹȥ
Լûеóѣһʱ֮䲻֪ôˡ
կǵıҲˣ֮ĶԼǲҲӦöˣ
ҶûȥһֻۣĶǰĴŮӣеֻһ˿Į
Ҳ֪ôˣտʼԼ֪ǰʵȻһǿ̡
ҴӸղŵı֮УѾԼʵȻĶ֣Ҫ֪ĽԼҲŵԼ
û˵ȴɢһ˿ƣһ˵ʲôʲôˣһԾŶĸ֣
ڣȴԥˣȻƽʱֳֵӣʵ˼˭ܣοڹغԼõ¡
կԼɣ
ģ㿴𣿡
ҶȻû˵֮¶ı飬Եĸˣҿˡ
ģ˵ģܶҡȻԼˣԺҵ÷򡣡
ʱף֮󣬼ֱһ㣬ֻ۾ðһǰ꣬޲ȥҧһڡ
Ҳͬ⣬Ҽ޸һԸ޸һֻһֻ
ҲԸԸ⣬ԼӮˣԺҵӣ֮ӭȢ㣡
Ļո˵꣬Ҷ漴ղҶһֺøУôڣֺøѾʧӰ١
漴Ҷ쿴죬Į˵կ֮ѾǲӦǹȥˡ
ǿɲУ
ף
ҶɻǰŮӣ֪һ̵Ϊʲô˵ԼѾӮˣʵҶУûҪȢ˼
֮ҶĶģȫΪһʱ𣬵Ǹղ˵ĻҶڵԼء
Һһ£һ£
ҶʱеһôоǰŮʵںϸ룬ҶҲȻˣϾһȺɽ
ɽⱾһ佲飬οȺɽͷ죬һŮկ
֪կô˼
ֻҪֵǮĶȫ£Ҿͷǹȥ
կںҿЦ
ЦȻ㲻²ôһ취֪ǷԸˣ
ʲô취
Ҹղź֮ĶԼһʹ㿴ô
ܣ
Ҷ붼û룬һڻؾˣҲŹǰȺɽ˵Լ
һԣȥģҪʱôĶ֪
һԣ
ҶĻһʱûзӦӦʱɫʱһǿҵķŭ
Ҫˣ
Ҷû˵ȴǼˣҶԣЩǵ˵үղλֵܸңȺͷҪ˵ǣҶ٣Ҳǲ𡣡
жʱɻѣҶкףǰʲôԸĸǡС
ȻʵѾﵽ֮Ըɾ͵СıԣھС£ȻԼ˵Щ
ô£
֪ΪʲôҶһжʱйɲĸоԼֲоԴԴͷԴǰɽ
λֵ˵Ⱥиĺ̨˵һߣ
ߣȻҶԸԼʵǻûԸԺ࿹ĵز
λֵܽй
ǣү
һ漴뿪ˣһգ۵ʱ䣬ַ˻󻹸һͬĴ󺺡
ү
ʱҶѾԺԼУǳ٣ʿҪүǽ
ô£
үȫĵ۹֪۹ͷҲȥˣ
Ҷû˵¶һ˿ͷ֮ɫүɫԾݺݵĳŴƨɾһš
ôϻҪ˵үûôʱġ
ǣǣǣ˵


055 ɽ
Ҷͬʱеһǰλ󺺣ǹ״εġ
֪Ϊʲôƺ֪ǰ˵ʲôֻһгӡ
ȺɽΪ磬˼֮һ㣬ǵ۹ȴȺɽû˿İ취ΪȺɽһɽ˵ɽʵǿߡ
ȵȣղŲ˵Ⱥɽֻһôֶλ
Ҷ쿴ǰ࣬Щõ˵Ͼһߣ֮Ĳֱ࣬ͬն
Ҳ֪ʲô£漴ݺݵĵһ۴󺺣Щŭ˵ô£ղŲô˵ġ
үɽȷֻÿһɽֻ֣һ߸ţߣֻ֪дˣȴˣ
ԭˣ漴Ҷ֮Уһ
үȻɽɽÿһγ֣ɽһЩٸƶ飬ҲΪʲô۹ɽֵԭ򣡡
ˣȥˣѾΪСӳ
ллүллү
󺺾õʲôöһ㣬һĳǰΪ֮УҪֱȵ컹ѣʵֻܵȵս١
ʲô
ܲݣ
ͣȻҶ֣˵ԼֵʱҶ컹̲סЦ
ƺ뵽ʲô漴ҶĿʵ
Ҿ֪ʲô鶼үҵֵܣҽ࣬ܲݣ
ݣ֣ܲȥɣ
ǿסеЦ⣬Ҷ쳯ǰ˻˻֣ܲȴһĳɵЦΪԼܹΪСӳˡ
ģߣ֪ɵЦ
ٴγԼܵܵƨϣһݺݵܽӴ漴˱ٵ뿪
ֻѡһǮƣȡղ֮ĶԼ
ʱһֱûп˵죬ٴ˵֮͸¶һɵ⡣
ԼҲȡǮҲ£žƾȺɽ޷ǰɣ
Ҷ֮УһɰһţǰǿɽǰͺǣһȺСϣֻҪԸ⣬ʱĲǡ
֮˰ţȫҶԼʵҶţֻҪԼʹǬԿɱǰȺɽ
ȻǬɱɽҶǸţֻҪʹǬôǰȺɽԿ˲ɱ
֪ɽʲô򣿡
һ󣬿ԷѾ֪Լ֪ݵ飬ҶҲû˿ĵ˵ͷ˵֪ô
¸ֵҽþˣһ׳յģǰĺ꣬Щȷ˵Ȼ֪Һа壬ѵͲ֮𣿡
ǱʲôɽǾ仰ҪȢǮȴһ˿
˺õǣϷϲ꣡
ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһЦЦ䣬ǰȻһλͷڷߡ
ҶҲ֪ΪʲôָоΪȻԼǰߣȻһͷڷǸ˵ĸоȴɣһ㡣
һķüֱǣ۾СЦƵģȴһش졣
ҶûЩеױȣΪѾоĳǰ߾ȻһߣȻҶ첻֪ʲôߡ
壬ôˣ
ߣʱСһٵǰЩ˵
ڷ߶ʱٴδЦ漴ϳ˳֮飬˵岻ٲҪ޸ˡ
ߵĻʱһ죬˵壬Ϊϲ𣬶ǽ㲻ãȻҵע
ãղǴĵʱû˵У˾ң壬СӾȻһ̣
һԼø״ʱˣȻλƽʱΪϲ𣬵ʵȴû˵һʵߡ
ղҲԸ⣬㲻ҪģڶˣȴҼ޸壬˼ҲԸ⣬òã
ߵֱۣزϵҡţжǾжǣҶΪҪԼԼ᲻һƤ
ƽʱôģԸķ䣬ȻղźλСֵܴģûзԣôҪжԼ
ߵĻʱҶиеһȣû뵽ǰߣȻ˵ʱڷҶеĺøд


056 Ϊ
壬㲻֪˭֪˭ĻһҲҼ޸
ڷһɻĿԼǰСеһ˿취ûеֶŮ
˭
ǵ۹ǸҶҵķ
ż⣬΢ſںڷߵĶԣֹС˵
ñŴС˵˵Ҿǵ۹Ҷ޵д󽫾үһһ۲۵ķ
ҶЦЦĿǰһжŮ֮˶ܹüһ̣˿Ҷ񣬺һ˿Ȼ
Ǹ£Ҷ󽫾
Ȼڷ˵֮Уȴ¶һ˿֮飬ƾߵʵѿǰʵ
Ҿǣ
Ҷû˿ޣĵ˵ͷȻǰվһߣҶȴû˿ڼһǿҵս־
϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣڷû뵽ǰ֮꣬󣬾Ȼôս־ΪѾ֪֪Լʵ
иӵľȣһ̣ټһǿߣȻû˿ǿս־ǰ;ꡣ
һս
ڷ˵ĻҽôһֵҲһȻû˵ֵܼ֪ܶȻֵʲôˡ
ҶҲû˿漴صĵ˵ͷ漴϶ʱһɸǿս־־ͨͨɽʿܸоĵ
Ҷ죬㵱Ҫһս֪֪ʵﵽľ磡
Ѿ֪ˣǿеķһ۲۵ķӰ
ڷԼ֪ΪʲôӿʼڣԼǰ꣬һֱ˺øС
һսԣҲҪģ㿴Σ
ʲôģ
Ϊޣܽ¶ĻôӮ㿴ã
Լʲô
ˣͼ޸㵱ţˣҪΪʦ
У
ΪʲôУ
ѾҵˣҶģƣ
񿴹һ㿴ǰĺ֪꣬ʲôȻҺԼ˵ҲһĿǰꡣ
ڷҲһĴ£Ȼһӣһֻ֮궥죬й˵
˵Լ
ˣҰΪʦˣҪϴ󡭡
У
ڷ߻û˵ʲô漴ŭ˵޲óǰꡣ
˵ĺܶԣСܣεİɣ
ҲһŭӣֻţĶǰĺ꣬Ҫ֪Լ򲻹˵ȥˡ
λСǲǲǰʵ
ҽһǰλʵˣôأǲ֪жֲõԤУҪʲôһ
ѵǰûģ»ң
һ㣿ģһʲôʱˣҺˣͰ˵
ڷ֪ǰ꣬üǲ֪Ϊʲô̲סǹ궯ģöˣûһ꣬Ȼк˵úսˡ
ô֪ʱ˻᲻ˣأ
ģˣ𣿡
ǲˣô֪˵أ
ǿסеЦ⣬ҶȴԵһӣ۽ǹҾǲŵı飬˭Ҳܿó
ǵģˣھͺ㶨ѪͿСӸҲˣ
ѪҶжʱеһɻȻҶʵҲǿǴСԵʣʹҶһЩϵ飬֪˵ʲôѪ
ѪԼڵıѪΪԼѪԵ쳣һǩ䣬򲻿ȡ
ԭ漴Ҷû˿ԥôҪһһԼȡʤôʱһΪ¡
ڷȻû뵽ǰĺӦԼҪ֪ѪǶôİԵһǩܸı䡣
ˣ
ǰҪǲԸⲻңҲǿ
ģӲңȥʲôӲҵģھǩѪ
˵֮󣬺ڷߵڣʱƮһѪɫıѪҶҲû˿ĳɣͬƳһαѪ
ڵıѪڿвϵںһգ۵ʱ䣬βͬıѪȫȫںϵһ
ͬʱһҶɫʱ԰ڷȴû˿ô˵Ҷ춼ֻһ̣һαѪ˵൱ڰѪҺ


057 ƿ˵
˵ѪѾǩȴû֣ΪһαѪҶɫЩ԰ףҶҪʼսģǺڷ˵ʲôҲС
һ仰˵Ըռıˣ漴˶Ҷ쾲µţҽȴں˵ʲô
ʱ䲻Ҷ컺Ĵӵվ𣬿ǰһжŮЩĮ˵Ҷǰ̡
ɫһڷ漴һǰδе࣬ΪҪսȻԷֻһ̣Ǻڷȴ˿Ĵ⡣
ӥӥ
ӥҶѾ֪˵ӥ˭¾ɽĿɽߡ
ǿʼɣΪ˲˵۸㣬һվŲֻҪŲ벽Ӯ
лǰͲˣ
˵֮Ҷڵʱٵת˫֮ð˿˿𻨣¶һ˿ײĹЦݡ
Ҷ춯ˣһŵųҶ˲գವһ˳ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˺ӥǰ
һƮϢӡǰţڵӷתǺܿ㷢֣Լ˫ƣûκεá
Ҷһֻ̣оԼ˫ƣӡһ˵֮ϣӡһ޻֮ϣҲͷŲ
ôܣ
Ҷв죬ӥҲһŵı飬ܷһ㡣
һ漴Ҷ˲صԭȵλãе𺳣ֱһڣԼһֱΪھȻǰߣû˿á
Ҳһ̣ҶߵʵҶȴû˿Ļģڸǿս־
ѹͱѾﵽľ磬ԭ֮壡
ӥ뾪ȣ֮壬κܹӵһ֣˿ܶ࣬˵ӵ֮ˣֱһ
ղƺûþȫ
ԣҸոֻʵ㲻ֵҳ֣
ҿСǴţݸ壬ԼоͲаɣҪװһҺţƵӣҾ
֮г˱ģȻûкڳÿһˣ඼ü
ôСӵʵȷǿ쾳֮£̴Բ޵еĴڣڶпʼһվŲ
ӥ֮гͣ漴ڵתʱӥܳһ㵭Ĵɫ֡
ʱһҶкףǰͷų֣е֣ҲҶһμߵ֡
ûٳɣҶڵٴοٵתһҶ첢ûʹڤΪ˿ڤˡ
ٴοٵԾһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷ˺ӥǰһʹʮ˫ðһһȼյĻ档
һκӥȻû뿪벽һӡ˵Ҷ͸ӥġ
ʮˣʮˣǵһ¶ˣܲȴû뿪벽Ҫˣϣܽӵ¡
ˬʵĴЦ˲䴫ÿһ˵ĶУһ̵ĺӥ쳣ĿģΪһʵȴҲ²ˡ
ãǰ겻ʵǿһһ֮壬Ȼֻǵһ֮壬ҶҲ֪жôϡ١
֮ǰӥֻǿЦҪΪͽôڵĺӥȲҪҶΪͽһ֣ҶͻܵƵġ
û˵һҶеһأΪղѾʶߵ֣ȻһӡҶ֪ΪӥûлֵԵʡ
Ȼڤͬһ㣬Ҳͷųһ˵УҶ֪ƿ˵С
ӥȻ䣬ڵת漴ӥ̧𣬶ʱһɴɫ֮С
Ҷûгɣڵٴתһȫ֣Ϊǰĺӥһ֮Уһߡ
޼Ǭ
һ̣ҶʹԼɱУǬʮŵýӰʱҶǰԲηλϵתš
Ǭֵһ̣Ǻӥڳÿһˣж𺳵ˣҽãһŵӡ
ʲô
аʵԼȻֻһߣȴӰжʵĴСǰ꣬Ȼǵ۹պķ


058 Ľų
ֻ֪֪һ£Һսһң
ȵĿԵĽ㣬Ϊƽʱ۸߹֮⣬ʲô˴㶼С
һ̣ȻԥĳϣԼ֣Ļ
㣬Ľô𣿡
û˵֮У¶УѾ߱Ĵ𰸡
ӥΪȻѴﵽ֮ʮΪʼ޷ͻƣȻͣһ֮ͷŵҲֻһ֮Զ
ǧҪСһ֮԰߷ΪɣΪ߿ƿ˵УǺ߸顣
һ£߾ôҲֻԷ壬ſ˺ԷߣֻҪͷųһ֮˵С
˵ߣóֻ֣ҪվŵС
СӣȻ֮壬Ϊ̫ˣܴﵽ֮˵ӽ컹ҪԵ𣿡
䣬һ˲֣ǰĺ꼤ȥһƿһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾҶǰ
¶һ˿ЦݣЦݳֵһ̣ӥоʲôطԣָоﲻԣֲ֪
漴ݺݵļҶϣҶֻоһ̣Լ緺ˣһʺѪҺ漴Ĵ
ˣӥڶ벻ǣȻסˣζʲôζź߾ȻסߵĹ
ӥҲסˣȻûгȫҲ߷ţΪﵽ̴֮ԲҲܽסԼһС
ȻһѣӥղʹĽǵӦʱһжѾȥֻһ죬ӥߵķݣһĻߣ˰֮ĵط
ȫһƬžһϣҲüɽǼžˡ
һ˲䣬ɽʱը˹һŵĺҽãһ磬ವһʧԭء
ǿзڵѪҶӲİѾ˺ѪҺ˻ȥ֮Уȴû˿Ƿϣһǿҵϲ֮顣
壬ôˣ
һǵĿǰһӣ֪һ̵ôˣеľȷͬС
Լλһǿߣڣȴһ֮Ϊˡ
ҲһĵǣȻ֪Լʲô£л̲סһǡ
һ׵ľ޿ӣӥĽųĵž֮ϵ̫жҪ޵ĸоԼȻˣӿɺ޵ǣǱһܵġ
ӥս꣬ûʧܹһΣԼȴһС
Ӳ
һŭ˲쳹أһð漴ǰǰĺ꣬ӥ˫ۼֱҪ
ղžȻˣթҲ
ǰˣɣǿǩѪģһʱ򡭡
ҶĻû˵֮꣬¶ı֮飬˭Ҳܿó
ӥʱþöû˵һ仰ɫ
壬ҿԼ͵Ϊֹɣǻɽʱϲȥ
ӥǰԵļɴ˵һ̣ıֳĬһ仰˵
ҿУǸϿ߰ɣʱϲȥɽ
ӥҲһɴӣΪҶ£ɶǸһߣȻһߵ£Ц󷽡
ľҪжƷȻˣҪжԼѪѾǩɲǰˣɣ
Ҷ֮еı֮ɫԽǿĿеĺøУʱ
вң
ǰҪסһ㣬Ҳûв㣬ֻжԼˣȻѾˣǲǸá
Уôϸ磬Ҹô죿
˵˲㣬Һͺӥ֮ĶԼ
ո˵꣬Ҷ漴㶥˻ȥ漴ʵ㸸ôˣº㸸ʲôϵ
ӥ𣿡
ûУ
㣡
ֱҪˣԼ׵ͷжǰ꣬Ȼ˵Լûǿסеķŭ漴˵
ӥǺӥӥӥӥ֮еϴҵĸ׽ӥλҵӥ֪˰ɣ
֪ʲô
ȥ㣡
䣬ˣһƵתһգ۵ʱ䣬ǰֻѾӡҶš


059 Ըķ
ҶһûжţҶţ˲
ʵղҶܹ֮סӥȫƾʦڸǿֵס˺ӥ
ʹôֻԼ˫֣ӡһϣԽӡϵ˫֣Խʹ
ɣ㲻Ķ֣
ӥ̾ϢһǴӥȴӥˣĻû˵Ļһ漴ӥһȵٳֵʱѾصԡ
壬Ҫ̤ƽǣ
ɫҪѿжѿϵɱһ˿˿磬Ҷʮǧﶼܸоõ
Ըķ䣬ֲ䲻ˣСܾСܣ
ӥĻʱҽһǲ֪һ̣Լ嵽ôˡ
壬㲻ҪСܰɣ
СʵȻƽʱ֣и컹׵ģΪҶСܣôǾҪҶС
Բͬ⣬漴ǰĺ˵ΪСܣʱȢô죿
һҶһʱ仹ûзӦϸ룬˵Ļ޵
ӥĳΪԼСܣôǺӥֶŮʱֺ飬ϵȫˡ
и飬֪ԸԸ⣿
֮жʱ֪ΪʲôҶкȻһָоǰλֵŮӣǱ濴ȥ򵥡
˵˵
֮ĶԼ͵ΪֹҺ֮ĶԼճ㿴ô
УҲͬ⣡
Ļ䣬㼱ɴ˵һɷŭ˫Ŀǰĺꡣ
Сñ죬ѵΪСܣ
һ⻰ʱ˵ˣ֮еķŭȻôǿҡ
Ҷ죬ô
ɽǵĶԼʲôʱУ
Ҷ쾭˼ǣһٶ˼ǾӦ飬ӥжԼΪСܣôζҪ
ǰֵŮҶ첻Ƕƭ˵ģʵҶлһ뷨Ǿ֮ɽ˵ԼĿɽ
Ȼ֮ĶԼˣν£ô˵Ҳ֪ͨĸһ£ҪǻɽկҵĸĸȻ͵ǳף㿴𣿡
û⣡
Ҷ붼û룬ԥĴӦ漴ҶһδɫıѪʱһ˲ص˺ӥڡ
ȻԼȡαѪû˿ôȻûôǻ󷽷ȥȻҶвᣬкõĽ취
Ҷ֣»ָƽ֮ɫ
үʲôԸ
Ҫ죬ȴǽǣסһ㣬֮󣬲һеһ˵
ǣү
Ӧһ漴ƨƨߵܻȥָƳһ̣ʿǰδеơ
ǰʿڣﲻΪһ۹ķڲͬˣǵĴ󽫾ʵȴޱȵǿ
νʲôͷͷʲô£ͷʵǿҲе
һգ۵ʱ䣬תʧʵΣϾǾӣҲǲ۲۵ġ
Ѿȫ׵ˣǲǸ·ˣ
ɽկȥһ
˵֮󣬺ӥһתʱʧǰһ£ɽҲ˲䳷룬ԭֻҶҽá
ľҪȢ𣿡
ɻĿǰŮӣҶ첻֪һôˣΪʲôȻ⣬Ҷû˵һ֪Ҫʲô
Ҷ׼ԲӦ䣬Ȼ֪ҪʲôҶǰŮӿ϶ûô򵥡
ҪˣôҪһˣҵδȻûдﵽ֮֮Ҳֻһ
δ򣿡
Ҷв֮ǧ룬뵽ܣҶȴû뵽ȻѾδ򣬶һһ̴Բ
ɽկԱߣǷɽկɽկկδҪȢôҪδ𣿡
ףȢˣھͳ
˵֮Ҷת㳯ǰȥŽʧ꣬ҽжйĸо
㣬ܹսʤ𣿡
ȻҶʵǿǺͷױһ࣬ȻӮһ壬Ҳˣ⣬Сãôµģ


060 Լ
ĿţѾʧĺ꣬漴΢Ц
˵Сã㵽ôģ㲻Ҫ޸ɣ
ûĵһԼãȻΪﵽ֮ۺñֱ̫ˡ
ҪȢҲǲܣȴܷ˵ҿɲҵɷһ
εҡҡͷһ취ûУûгɣ漴ҽñ㳯Ҷ뿪ķȥ
ܿ죬ҽñ׷Ҷ죬˭Ҳû˵ֻôš
һɽկ
ţȻͣס˵˵֮Ҳ˵ʲô漴ӿŲʱʧ˵С
ɽկжˣ
Ѿʧ죬ҶжʱЦһ漴ǰŮʵ
ΪʲôҪ㣿Ҳشһ⣡
û⣡
ɽկһɽկֱǽӥӥӥկӥҵĸףڸֵˣΪʲôȻô
Ķǰĺ꣬һҪϿʲô¶һ˿ڴ֮顣
ε̾Ϣһ漴ҶҲû˿˵ʮ꣬ҵһֱӡţҵʦҽ⿪˷ӡӴҲܿʼˡ
˵ͬʱҶ֮¶һ˿ΣǱһԵ׽һ𣬲֪Ϊʲôһ̵ԼȻǰ꣬һ
ƾʣٶȲſô𣿡
ûǰһһһǴķߵﶼ˿𣬵ڲһˣ磬ʵܲ۸ֻҪʵܱԼԼļˣ
Ҷһ̣Ҳ֪Լôˣʮĵ׵飬ȻڶһǺϤŮ¶˳
һһ⣿
ʰɣܻشģһش𣡡
ҪȢ𣿡
Ҷסˣʵû뵽ǰôֱӵʵ⣬ҶҲ֪Լôġ
տʼҶȷеøУǲ֪ΪʲôҶǸоûô򵥣ҶУʵϲȽϵŮӡ
Ҷδŷ飬۹Ҷ첻̫ϲֱͣʣҶҲش𣬲شð취ǱֳĬ
ʵ֪ôģСһȺɽ㻹һŮˣʲôֻܸ㣬ŮˣϣһӢҵϹҲң
ҲӢۣ
һΪӢۣԼ£Ը𣿡
ĵ˵ͷǰҶлЩ˼ɣǵ˵ⷬʱеĺøдˡ
һҪȴܷףڶҪΪߣҲҪһ㣬ǰ㣬ôǣպҪҺãҪһһң
Ҷûش⣬ֻЩĿǰŮӣ֪ʲô˼
ô㲻Ը⣬
һһкȻ֪ΪʲôԼںǰ꣬˵оܹ㣬޸Ρ
ЩĿǰ꣬ҶϺȻЦЦ漴˵ôоѣֻȴǡ
ǣȻʹĶԼ͵ΪֹɽկҲȥˣ
˵֮Сһ̣ɫһﻹֵתҪȥ
û˵Ӧ㣬ǡ
ǴӦˣ
ҶĻû䣬ոѾת׼뿪Ȼת񱬷⣬ЩȲ˵
ҿԴӦԼ£ǲǸú˵˵Ǹʲô׵ô°ɣ
Ҷжʱеһô룬ôԼǽһѣԼȥ
һЦ漴һô£һƬƬҶ漴Ʈ
ĵ۹ӵɽΪֻһɽһǷɽɽկ֮ԭǣɽկɽկѾ֪ڷկȴ򣬾޷Ϳף˱һԷޣһӣ겻ʮѾﵽ̴ԲΪҺͷ׶˻ԼҪȢңȱܷףǲͬҼҸģ
Ҷû˵ֻǾţǰŮ˵ÿһ仰ȻͯԼҪҸĶ࣬ǵȵ˵Ľȴպ෴


061 ҹħ
˵֮Ķǰĺ֪꣬һʲô
Ҷ漴ҲųĬ֪ôشԼ£ҶţԼܹﵽ쾳硣
ѵ㲻Ը⣿
ʱˣȻǰǰչֳʵȴǻʵġ
ŮӶϲǿߣοҶ챾һӢˣ֪Уûз֣Լǰĺ꣬˲һĸо
ԼҿԴӦԸ޸ң
ֻҪܹҵԼ£Ҿͼ޸㣡
붼û룬һڴӦǰ껹һԥӣɫʱ
ҴӦ㣬һھͿԶ֣ڵڶҪһʱ䣬ʣµĵҪպԼȥᣬ޷֤ʲô
ʱҶĻ䣬һХʱ죬˶оԼµĴضȻһ¡
ô£
ҶжʱһΪܹӻХ֮Уܵеǿʵ˵ܹԼľôֻ˵һ⣬Хޣһֻޡ
ǰҹħһֻ൱ޣ˵ҹħӵԣֱǺڰԺѪԡ
ĻҶҲʱһһֻﵽ龳ޣǶôǿڵԼҹħֻһܣǱ䡣
˵ҹħÿʮһΣʮһʳϴΰҹħѣѾʮꡣ
Ҷ첢ûбֳκεĻţϳƽȴǷˡ
ԼҲ̫ùˣûнƳǣһɽһֻޣһһֻǿޡ
ĸ׺λ壬ϰҹħмʤ㣿
룬漴Щε˵ȻҲ֪״ﵽôľ磬ܿ϶ҹħףֻ·һλ塭
Ļû˵꣬е˼ҶѾףǾǺӥӥǰҹħĶ֡
һΪﵽ龳磬壬ֻǸոմﵽ˶龳磬Ҳ֪ͬȼ£߸޵Ķ֡
ҶҲһ꣬ɽկλկߣҳϴӥ֪ʵ⣬ӥ͵ĺӥҲﵽ˶龳硣
Ҷ֪ԼղźͺӥıУӮǶôĽңҪǺӥ⣬Լû˿ʤ㡣
ʱ򣬸ոʧĻХٴ쳹ƬأΧľ˿˿ҡزĸ
ûڳɣ漴ҶС֣ٵĳǰٶȥ
˸ոʧһֻѪɫϻڣҶոʧĵطֻɫ˫ۣĵǰһХٴ
һɴɽϣһɽկУľϣ֪˵˵ʲô
Ϸӣһɫĳϯϣϸ΢Цݣǰӣơ
һһ£ĸ壬ΪѾﵽ쾳ߡ
ܣʱ䣬Ļ°꣬ұ㿪ʼչأȡͻƿʮˣͣʱ̫ˣ
磬ѵﵽ;ô𣿡
ʮѾ֮ʮʱ޷ͻƣǰٳ޷ͻƵľ磬ɶļ󣡡
˻ӥ϶ʱ¶һǿҵϲãף;Ƕôǿ
磬Ȼ㲻ͱͻƿﵽ;磬ôǱڼɵɽկĻ£㿴ǲǡ
ܣȻ׺;޷ֻ飬˺֮ʵңҲû˿ʤ㣬ҵΪﵽͣҲû˿ʤ㣡
ӥ¶һ˿ΣҲƲѣ˵ԼΪﵽ;磬Ҫնɱ飬ֱ練ơ
ʮǰԼոմﵽ;ʱ׷򸾴սһȻƽֻ֣нӥԼ֪һεĴսʵԼˡ
ս֮УѾռϷ磬ͷ޷Ϳ򸾣ʹ˺֮ӥ֮
ǵ֮ʱӥ֪ԼһĴʹ֮ˣȻԵʵֻ顣
Ǻ֮ʵȴֱ׷ʵй֮޲սƽ֣³Լֵܣӥ˭Ҳûи߹
Ҷӥ˵Щһµ׺;޷ʹĺ֮ڷɽɱ֡


062 ʱ
ʱڷɽҶ۹ɱ֣ʹ֮ЩնɱҶ죬ҪҶ˫֮е˫ڿѾûҶˡ
׺;޷򸾣ʹĺ֮۹ɱʹĺ֮һҲ˵ͬŵˡ
ŵĺ֮ıʵǺֻҪ֮ʵԽսԻɱԼߵȼߡ
磬ѵǾҪǷѹһ𣿡
ε̾Ϣһ漴ӥ˵ҵΪԴﵽ;磬ôұаսʤˣ;磬ͻơ
׺;޷磬֮ԿԺ֮ԽսӥʵҪΪˣŵĺĵӣط򲻿սΪԽﵽ;Ľӥ
硭
ӥĻû˵ӥɫʱ䣬漴û˵κλȻվһ˲ʧڴá
ͬһӥǵԼѾʮûмˣû˿ĳɣӥҲվٵ׷ȥ
ɽկһϣӥ˷ܵĿǰ޾գĮ˵ʮˣٴѣôһҶҪץס
磬갵ҹħ걻ˣѣѾȫˣ²ôף
ӥһǵĿǰĴ磬кҹħʵжôǿ󣬵ܻûдﵽ֮
ץҹħڴһϣȻʱѾﵽ֮ҹħֻһֻޣǽӥȴǰҹħĶ֡
ҪǴΰҹħڷ⣬ӥţԼڻܼܲ硣
磬ڱչأȴﵽ;磬ȥץҹħʤļҲӣ
Уڱչأôҹħ˵ٴγ˯Ҳ֪ҹħÿһѣֻʱ䣬ұչͻƿҪһµʱ䡣
ӥ뵽û룬ؾ˰ӥ뷨βץסҹħôǱҪڵһʮꡣ
磬ȻѾˣôһ󣬾ץҹħҺҲҪμӣҺûдﵽ֮ԲӴĻڲһˣҺܶѾﵽ֮ʱһ԰æ
ӥ֮УһǿҵļᶨһҲûκζԴļᶨ
㲻˵ҲܰңȻҵΪѾﵽһ֮Ƕڰҹħһûаգ
磬ܹͰҹħǩѪǲǾͿȫѹƿ׺;޷ˣ
ĵ˵ͷӥһ˿ڴ˵ܹӵаҹħʱǺ壬ҲĽնɱ
һƬ׵أҶٵıţ˵ȽƳǣȻʿͬܰҹħ
Ҷ붼û룬һڻؾ˵ǰôڵƳǣĵطðҹħƳǣľʱô죿
Բǧ֮ڣֻƳһǳأҶûطȥֻܡ
Ҷɽկģ˵ɽկλңҲһǰҹħĶ֣ҶջǷͷ
Ҷ죬ͣа취
ȫٱܵҶ죬ȻŮӵһɲӲͣһĿǰ꣬Ҷ첻֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ʲô취ֻһߣ뻹Իܰҹħɣ
ʱûĵһҶ죬漴˵˵ɽկλկѾﵽ龳磬Ǻ֮󣬾ͣҲսʤˣ
ղ˵ʲô֮
жʱһҶɫʱһץס첲ϵԽԽء
ʲôץˣ
ȻҲһߣҶĶ֣Ҷһ𾪣ûйĸܣϵҲ֪˼֡
üͷЩʹ˵Уûйǰ꣬Ϊ֪Ҷ첢ǹġ
ԲҸղЩʧ̬ˣ˵ĺ֮ô£
ҶڻعɿԼ֣˵Բ𣬱㼱ɴʵ
ΪڷɽԼնɱɱ֣Ǻ֮ʵȻ㺦Լ䡣
Ҷʦ˵Ǵ½֮ϣһŵĵӣȻŵϡ٣Ĺȴͷ۵ġ
Ҳֻ֪˵ģ嵱ʱΪ˾ƣȫ͸¶˳˵ǷɽկˣȻʵһ㣬Ǻ֮󣬾ҵĸףҲǵĶ֣


063 һ
֮
ԣ׺;޷ʹĺ֮ҵĸףҲûаսսʤ
֪Ϊʲô˵֮ҶкȻ뵽ɽ۹ɱ֡
ʱҲ˺壬ԼЩѵɽկկҲŵˣ
ȻҶ첻ȷԼ뷨ǶԻǴҶţ˲ŵˣŲѰĹϵ
ãǾȥɽկǷɽկˣǵֵҹħ𣿡
漴¶һ˿ЩС˷ܵ˵ǵȻˣңͬᡣ
ðҹħͷУ֮
ĵ˵ͷϵЦݸŨҶȴЦЩε˵ѵûз֣ҹħΪʲôһֱ׷ǣ
ҶĻ䣬ɫʱסˣ漴ϸһ룬Ҷ˵Ĳ޵ҹħΪʲôһֱ׷ǡ
Ϊʲô
ȻʳڣĲ֪ô죬Ů˱ϾŮˣؼʱ̻Ҫˡ
Ҳֻ֪֪ҹħ׷ң׷㣬㻹뿪ɣ
룬ҶҲ֪ΪʲôУҶһָоǾǰҹħȷ׷
ߣ
Ȼҹħ׷ң㲢ûйϵҲ㣬Ͽ߰ɣȻʱ˦ţҹħܿͻ׷
ûߣֻĿʱҶĿУȻߴһΣʱ뵽ĲԼԵˡ
ˣʲôԵģͨЩбûκԥǰ꣬¶ǰδеļᶨ
ֻһ⣬һҪʵشң𣿡
ǰŮӣҶ֮УĪļ¶һ£ĵ˵ͷ
ϲ𣿡
ĻҶû뵽ǰŮӣȻ⣬ʵҶӼĵһ𣬾Ͷ˺øС
Ҷһ飬һ̣ҶȻ֪Լǲϲеȷеĸо
ϲ𣿡
Ҷٳû˵ûдߴ֣Ķǰ꣬漴ٴʵ
ϲ
ȻҶ첻ش⣬ֻҪһ룬ԼͺӥĶԼҶ漴ҲȻˡ
Լ˵Լ£ʵҶףǺѣսʤףǴﵽ֮ڶãҶûһѰ쵽
ȻպˣǵԼ£һ͵ڶϣҪ
ϲִҶ˵жʱһϲԼԼ£Ҳʱȡ
ҶҲûж˵ʲôͲʲô֮ˣ֪ϲԼԼҲô㲻ʲô
֮Լ£һһʱ䣬һ֮һȢ㣬ȥɽկ
ҶĻ䣬һХٴӴ֮ԽԽɰԵɫˡ
ⲻ
ĻʱҶдһߴﵽ֮ҲˣһȻ˵ҹħͷųĲ
Ҫ֪ҹħһֻǿޣʵǴﵽ龳磬Ҳֻ
Ȼûм׳֣ȴ֣ڰҹħͷų
ôһ˵ҶᵽˣΪҲͺӥ֣ҲԹڸɰԵȷʲô
ˣֻҹħѾﵽļޣʹĵȻʲôǸߵ
ʱʯӵȻҶԺ֮УҶʱȻ龳֮ϻ͡
ﵽͣҲת䣬ﵽ;磬뵤֮ڣ漴γ
ʦĻҶûٸκεĳɣ漴֣ٵĳǰȥ
˸ո뿪ҹħˣǺݺݵһ¿еζ¶һ˿ĻЦ
ҶһһΪֻдﵽ֮ӵԼǣǰֻҹħȴֻһֻļޡ
ֻļްҹħȴԻֻ˵һ⣬ǾǰҹħԼǡ
ҶС֣ʹȫĳǰţԵĿٵĺš


064 ޵
ʱҶڸе˷ɽ£ǰɴɽҶгһ
ô죿
һǵĿԵ꣬ղɽկ·ϣѾѰҹħΪļ޵Ϣ
ȻԼ֪ļʲôľ磬Ҷ˵ļޱ൱͵ǿڣǱǿһ硣
Ҳ֪ҹħΪʲô׷ңȥҲܶҹħ
ҶһƼˣ֪Լôǣһֻǿļޣҿӣҹħ׷һĲݵӡ
ʦϵʲôΪʲôҹħһֱ׷أ
ҶǲԼʦУѣԼֽˣŻʦһ̣Ҷʵ벻ͨԼôǰҹħˣһֱ׷
ϢҪסһ㣬ʲôʱ㶼ʧȥ̫Ҫˣ
ʦĻҶеƲѣԼϵʲôֵðҹħ׷Լ
ʦϵʲôΪʲôԼ֪
ϴֻʨӣ͸һӣ㻹ǵ𣿡
кȻҶ뻳ӣηѱҶӵˣ˼ôĶ̫鷳
ʦӵʲôΪʲôҹħɢϢ
ΪϵӣĶν޵У׷׷˭
޵УҶһʱ仹ûзӦҶٴʾʯӵʱ򣬾ʯֻǸҶ죬ЩԺԼ˵ڱ뿿Լ
ûڳɣҶ漴ȡ飬Ȼԥķ뵽ָϵ֮УʱνϢʧӰ١
ҶʲôҲû˵һȻֱӳɽϼȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ҹħ˷ɽ¡
ܺȻʧϢҹħʱף޵УκȻܵϢҹħܷŹ
ֻ׶ĻۣɷĶǰĴɽһŭĻХٴλصھ֮ϣԲ飬һ̶ˡ
ɽ֮Ƿŭеİҹħǳ˻аֻҪļµޣֵסĻХ
ǰһţವһҹħʧԭأ漴ڷɽİɽ֮Уûκεͣҹħɽϼš
ҶʱΪǰɽλծ׺;޷磬ΪһЩ˽£Ѳڷɽ
Ϊƾߵĺֵ֮ҹħǵҶϵɽûҵҪҵˡ
ҶףҪλɽУôԼȥңѳˣϾҹħϵϢʵ̫Եˡ
ž֮ϣһĻХҶϲû¶ʲôȴһ԰֮ɫ
ǵ֪׺;޷粻ڵʱϵĵ֮ɫӵء
һ̣ɽկɽеǰǧ׵ľ޴󳡵أȻ֪飬һصĻХÿһɽ顣
ɽǰվһʮӣȴصǣϻһ磬ϻһ硣
Ƿɽկկף̴Բ磬Ϊ׺ԼŮΪ֣Ҷ죬һ£
˵ҶҲܹӷ׵Ͽжôʱʱһ¡
˵ɣʲô飬һ㣬ԺţϹŵģ
лɱ˷ף
ҶƺѲµϲû¶ľȣ෴ҶлйССϲô˵׺лԼ
İɣҪˣҪǿһϷҶЩڴˣ
ҶĻ䣬һХ漴ٴ𣬻Х䣬ǰһֱѪɫϻͷϵ֣˰һλھµĿԼĳ
ûмҹħû˻뵽жǿ󣬵ҹħʱ򣬾Ƿ̴ԲɫҲ̲ס䡣
ó֣Ϣϸܣ׷ֻ֣ҪǰİҹħԸ⣬˲佫Լ˺顣
л뿪ǳկϣټҹħĴƾԼʵסҹħԼĸĸǰ¶һѡ
ڣҪڣжڣԼΪʲôҪܣΪ֪ҹħһֻޣͿֲʵ֮Ĳࡣ
ϴµ˿֪ˣԴӰҹħֵһ̣ɽկɽеĲŵӣǵͷܣԼϴ


065 
һһ̺Ȼˣ̳˿׺;޷˫ԣȻΪûдﵽ֮ʵҲǿˡ
׵Ĳ˵ޱȣֻأɽ֮࣬նɱЩɽܣŵӵġ
վ˲ǰ׵ɫԵޱأղŵѾڡ
ˣ˭ӣҪҷˣڴһֿҹħλկѾٻ·ϣΪԼıϣҶóԼ汾£
ԶһķףҶ첻˵ͷܷƽʱжôһֳжȷֵ
ǰʲôӵģһֳģֵ𾴣
ǻûеҶѻ˵ֻ꣬һ𣬷׶ʱʧԭأʱҶ컹Ҫҷ׵ټѲӰ
˰ɣ
ҶȻ˵ȴһŵӣҪҶĺ׵ݼܣԼȴˡ
ֶ֪˰ɣҪ˵Լ£ĸͷԥ뿪
Ҷаһ⵽˻ްǸֲҶ룬Ϊ׸ո뿪ҹħ㶯ˡ
ֻһںɫĲӰ漴ԭرû˰ҹħӰʱһҵĽûļԶˡ
ҶΪѾﵽ֮Ǽǰĳ̲סһڣԵķ㶼³
Ϊǰ˲⣬ǶֶϽţһѪȾɺӵСϪĳķʶ
ҶȻܹסԼеķθȴ̲סô˵һŮӣûһŮӣ˲бĳ棬ġ
ɽǻǰѲŮ˵ʵ˰ʱ䣬òͣٴοǰĳʱֿʼ֮á
ʱҹħ뿪˷ɽµȴһƬѪ˵һԶʧȥˣ̫Ļᡣ
֮Ҷղżɱȴû£ȫΪȻȥɱ˽ǧˣкף׸û֡
Ͼǧֻնɱ˼ɽ˶ȭߣʱʧȥж
ҹħȴһ̶̵İʱ˶𣬳ֻĲֶϽţһ̵ķɽկӦó֮Ϊɽկ
Ҷ죬ǸϿȥɽկҲ£
Ҷ컹ûлʱһֱŻµȻ־ĿԵ꣬Щ״ˡ
ȱ𼱣Ҳµûҹħȥɽկ»Ļ㣡
Ϊʲô
ҹħܹ֮ɱɽկΪɽկկڣɽկȴһǿ飬Ϊ°ҹħ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷȻһ֮ɫ˵Ȼ˵һȥ㲻ԸңԼȥˣ
ҲûеҶԸԸ⣬תҪ뿪һץסŮĸ첲ҶЩε̾һ˵ʵ治ȥ
Ͼɽկ⣬ûκһ˺йϵҶ֪ΪǰŮԼҲܲܡ
ȥ
˵꣬Ҷ֣ٵĳɽ¼ȥ뿪ûжãɽȻһӡ
ŵ޾ʬףӷһ˷Цֻɫ۾ͺŹһҫš
Ķӣһֻ֣ϵһȣ֨֨Ҷĳ¾ͲŻˡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬һ˱㱻ӳȥûκεͣӼһ֣ٴο֨֨ĳ
˴Լ˵ʬףӲ֮ͣ¶ĲᣬȴôĿ¡
̫óˣþûгԵʳˣҹħʵȻǿЩʬʵڿϧˣԱ棬Ǿٺòˣ
ӿǰ޾ʬףϳϧƺ뵽ʲô漴ӿٵ˫֣Լǰһֵơ
ﻹߴﹾͣû೤ʱ䣬һɫӰڷɽγֵģȴһŮӡ
Ϲô
֮ΪϹӣټŮӵʱ϶ʱ¶һ˿ֺ֮ɫǳ֮˵ðæ
ŮЩĿһǰӣӳֵڣŮӸûпһ۵ϵʬףЩ˷ָʬ壬û˿Ӱ졣


066 ׶༪
Ұ㴦Щʬ壿
Ů˵ϹĴԼ˫֣¶һ˿ϲãסʾ
ĺܶҵģЩʬ˼ֱ̫ϧˣܹùõıպҲõȥɱˣ
ϹֻԼ˵ûз֣ǰŮӣɫԽԽ䣬ͺһɽԭء
˵˵ţϹڷֲԣ漴ʶıԼͣȻ¶Цݡ
ϹҲò㣬ȻȴҲֹкʬףʦĹȴȻأѵûаʦ
жʱһϹֻҪһ뵽ԼǸ̬ʦо̲סһ󷢺¶һ˿ЦЩֺõĿǰŮӡ
ÿңҰﲻ㣬ЩʬȻɱ㣬ҲܲкȥһЩ֦Ҫǣ
ŮӵĻϹʱˣǽ˵ʬ壬ܹȫ㹻һʳãҲõɱˡ
ã㿴òã㣬һͺá
ûеϹ˵꣬ʱһɰԵıϢ壬һɱԥӿ
Ϲ֪һ̵ĹĶɱģûκεĳɣ漴Ϲתٵ뿪һ۶ûٸҿŮӡ
һô£Ϲݺݵϣɫˣô˵һ飬ֻһȼ
Ҫǹλǲ˵Լͳˣ룬ϹȴҶԹôܿ죬һ֦Ѿʰá
˿ǰܴȴǽȻķӦʱķŭʱ쳹ھ֮ϡ
׺;޷ˣǸϿ뿪ǲ𣡡
˵꣬Ϲ˵ʲôֱתٵ뿪м᲻õĿһۣȼյ޾ʬ壬һ̾ϹҲʧ
ܿ죬ǰһһŮеӢŮҫۣһ̣еģŮģ϶һĲš
磬⵽ô£׶ʲô°ɣ
޷ϳ˾ֻһӣƽʱȴβż
ҹħϢû뵽¸ʮ꣬ȻٴˣΪʲôҹħΪͻȻϮɽկأ
ȻҲ쳣ķ꣬ȴԵĺƽΪףҹħԵ޹ʹԼɽկ
磬˵˹ҹħɽկ
һҿ϶п϶飬׶û£׶·ӦҪҪҵҹħ֪׶û£
ǵɽկأ
Ȼ˲ǺµǶĽɽկ˭Ҳʧȥ
ɽկûԺ󻹿ٽǰҹħһҪץס˰ҹħļ룬ӥҲûв
޷ûټ֣漴ĵ˵ͷ֮УȻ¶һ˿ᣬ漴ûȥǰֱܴӳɽ¼ȥ
һ̣׺;޷ˣ֪ҹħѾﵽļ֮᲻ԲѵҪץµʱܾѾܲˡ
Կټ˵Ĵ֪һ̣Ҷʹȫڱţ֪Ҷ첢ΪɽկΪ
Ҷ죬˵ɽկ°ɣ
ᣬӥ򣬾㰵ҹħʵﵽļ磬Ҳͬû˿Ļᣬģа취ҹħ
ʵҶ첢ûи飬ȻӥΪѾﵽ֮нӥҲĸףʵɲ⡣
ǾôҲսʤͣж飬һǰ
еƣʹİҹħʵǿ֮Ȼʦû˵Ҷ֪һ̵İҹħѾﵽˣ൱֮еĶ;硣
⣬ҹħֻҪɱɽկôӥɽկͬ߷ɽկ·
ЩҶûжŮ˵Щ飬˱뵲ŮǰŮ˵ΣҲͬһɷΡ
û˵˿˿ů˹һ̿ǰҲ仯
ڸϽϻɽկ֪ͨλկ׼Ѿ˰ҹħܰߣ͵ÿԼˣ
ʱҶٱܵٶȻͣ£ĿǰŮӣ֮иһļ֮顣
жʱһȴûжΪҹħʵҶԼһȥµʱ׶༪١


067 
УҪȥһȥҲһȥðգ
ԴҡĺͲ˹Ƶģ֮¶飬ȴļᶨơ
˵ڲµʱϵü˵İɣȻûаսʤҹħ뻹Ǻаյģ
˵ʲôҶȴᣬ漴ּ˵ҲԸ⿴ɽկʲôɣ
ҴӦ㣬ҲҪӦңһСģպʲô飬ˣ
˵֮Ȼż⣬ȥ漴תٵ뿪ˣֻһɲ㡣
ҶȻҵ״̬һǣûһ׼ĸԼգҶ¶һ˿ı顣
ҪɵˣȻ˼ŮΪʦеҹħǰʮ֮ĵطԼҪСģΪʦ°ﲻʲô
Ҷ컹ڻζһǵʱ򣬾ʯӵȻԺ֮УʵҶһ
Ҷûиڳɣһʱڴϣܿ죬俴ԼĿ꣬Ϊﵽļ޾İҹħ
һ̵İҹħûǰһΪǰľȻһֻޣҶû뵽ġ
Ҵֻ޵ϢҶȻֻ֣Ϣǿ󣬾ȻԺͰҹħҲ˵ֻ޾ȻҲһֻļޡ
վڰҹħǰԶĵطһаɳľΪɫεδɫİ㣬׺档
޴ͷϸͷֻͭСۣĶǰĵˣβʱʱҡţһн׼
ĺᣬǰߣҲԳ֮ΪߣȻû˿طǲòϣ˽ӣ
˽ӣ
Ҷ컹ǵһ˵Ȼ˽ӣҾȻߣе
࣬߱Ϊĵһ֮Ҳߣǰֻߣһֻϡеķ
ðԵ֣
Ҷһ䣬оԶߣͣҲԵޱȣҹħļޣһ̣ĶŶԷ
֮ԳΪΪͷųĶ춼Էգֻļභ֮
ʦˣ
ҶУʵĺܸмԼʦ˾ʯӣ˵ʱ޿һƶİٱ䣬ʦ֪ʶԨĻҪ㡣
һ쳹صĻХ漴˻˼Ҷ죬ۿȥԭڵȴʼĳǰ
ҹħȻΪļޣͬȼޣǼСģΪеԣʹȻ塣
ɢ˿˿ŭֻƢޣһХ쳹أҶֻһӰҹħѾ˳ȥ
ԵϢʱ˷Բʮ֮ڵÿһ䣬ҶҲ̲סһǿɱҶʱеĸо
ĳޣʹðҹħһʹǿһɫУ˲䳯ǰľȥ
ǰҹħĽŲȴû˿Ҫͣһ˿ֻһ˲䣬ɫб˷çǰ
Ҷȴ֣Զķçȴû˿ľţ¶һ˿˷ܣһţһűɫĶʱ
Ҷе˼ǣɫɫ֮ʱʱǿҵһε˳ܲȥ
ļޣ൱͵ʵһ̣ҶҲڼʶˣʲôǿӦеʵ
ͺӥѾսӥֻһ飬ҶģȻսʤӥǻһƴ֮ǴӸղļ޵ϢԼǣȻһƴ֮ûС
ԷƱʵ֮ͬУѾϺܲˣϾļޣ֮ĺ蹵ǲԽģΪﵽ֮ʱԺһս֮
ʦĽ̻壬ģ
ʱһֱûгֻ֣һűɫķçȻ䶯ˣֻһɫӰ漴çʧȥӰ
жʱһÿٶȣȻҶçȥҶֻ֪һ£ӱٶȣҹħѾˡ
ҹħȻԼʵһ̣ûκεĴ⣬ϾԵͬһֻǿļޡ
һת漴ҹħһһ̣ѾΪ˵ӰֱŰ˸ͬķš


068 ǧѷ
ҹħʱֳɰ˸ӰֱԲͬİ˸λػţϾçٶ̫ˣȻӰ
ʱһǧ֮ıɫʱ֣˲Ѱ˵ӰУ̷çҲǰ
һŭĻХ쳹أҶ֪һ̰ҹħѾˣȻ֪çͷųĶжôǿ
ǰʵͬȼİҹħͷçȡʤǷç
㲻֣ΪʦûֻçһֻޣȻʵȥļ磬ԥ⣬ʵѾﵽļ۷壬Ҳ֮е۷壡
ȻҶ첻֪ʲôǷçʵʵһļ۷Ĵڣҹħȴֻļھ硣
һҵŭ쳹أҹħ϶ʱһɰԵȻǧ׶ϡ˼֣ǴԶȥȻ͵һƬ
־
ʦղ˵ʲô
ҶΪԼˣ־ǰİҹħֱǿЦԼʵҶˣôܺһֻļ۷࿹⡣
־ΪʲôȳҹħΪʦٸ㣡
ȻҶɻѣȴҲΥʦĻûκεĳɣڵʱٵת
漴ҶٵĳǰţҲʱҶڵѾﵽһ״̬ڲйȥ²Լ֣ԼԱ
޼Ǭ
ʮűýӰʱҶǰԲηλתţಣಣಡ
ƿ漴ʮŵýӰһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ˷çǰ
çֻ۾ʱһʵû뵽ͻȻðһˣһҶԼ֡
ִıβʱǰýӰɨȥСǰýӰ
ȻҶΪֻǴﵽڣǬô˵Ͻö˵
ڷçȻԼֵһֻļ۷ޣҲܺĵֵ
ʮŵýӰû˿ͣ٣ʱƷçĴִβʮŸСҲ漴β֮ϡ
һŭĺʱһ̣Ҳ˲ǰİҹħֱӳ͵ϮԼ༲ܶȥ
ٶȴﵽ£ҶֻһɫӰ漴ǰһ޴ߡ
кݺݵһ¿ˮļ۷޼ֱ̫ǿˣղŵһҶǿһȴֻǸ¼
ֻͭС۾Ķǰ࣬һֻдﵽſӵǣҶǰֻޡ
ȻļޣǲǰҹħǱ޷֮еԣΪﵽļѾӵǵǡ
Ȼ֪ǰΪʲôͻȻļ޵ϣ鷢
Լϣ³ֻһǱŭһһ̵ķԷŭﵽ˼㡣
һţһʵʰñɫҺʱҶʵһȻҺûпǲ֪ΪʲôҶкȻһǿҵвС
ͷųĶҺҪ˵ԼΪѾﵽļİҹħҲֵס
𣡡
һ̣Ҷʵ벻ԼʲôֵͷųĶҺֻʹʦڸ
䣬ֻһе˴Ҷ˲۳Ϊһǻпռ䣬ʱסҶȫ
ոʹı̶ҺҲ֮ˣ̶Һһ̣һĻˡ
ͷųı̶ҺҹħҲֵסҶʹӱ۶Һһ
ҶסˣҲסˣʵ벻ͨǰֻһССĺߣΪʲôܹסͷųɱС
ڸݲ룬İҹħû˷Ĺܵı̶Һɢȥ
ȻܹӷçĶҺҹħ˫۶ʱž⣬ֻҪǿ١
ҹħףԼǧѷĻᣬᣬôԼպ󲻻κսʤĻᡣ
㲢ãһ̵İҹħٶҲﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣֻһںɫĲӰ漴ҹħҶǰ
ҲǷûдӸղŵлҹħ󣬷ֻ֪ͭС۾ȻĶǰܵοռ䡣


069 һϢ
ҹħļʱҶ쿴ˣҲΪҶ췴ԼӵȻ֪ΪʲôӷĶҺ
Ҷֻ֪ҪԼһᣬôҹħԸһ
Ȼûеȷٴγ֣İҹħѾһˣһںɫжʱڷϡ
һҵĺʱ쳹أʱɫѪҺһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷ쿴ǰķѾһϢ
һҶʵû뵽ֻһУһУҹħҪ˷Ĺ
ǰҹħɲô࣬òش˷ڲ˻նɱȵָҲֹܹ
һ˷ܵĻХ֮ϣ漴ҶֻһӰƮ㿴ڵһϢķѾ׵Ķ
鲢ûдӴ˽ҹħ֮¶ݣʵҶиеһ󲻺á
ϿֹϿɶǺöǧˣ
Ҷ޲ߵʱ򣬾ʯӵȻԺ֮УҶֻһݡ
ҹħʲôʵһֻļޣѾ൱һǿĶͣԼȴֻһ̣֮ʵֱ̫ˡ
Ҷ컹ǶˣΪҲһļ۷ޣʬжôֵǮһţҶ˲Ѿ˳ȥ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾվ˷ʬǰᶨĿǰİҹħ漴˵ܲܰʬ͸ң
ʳ仰ʱҶ춼Լе㶺ǰãҹħôɱɽկɽǡ
ֻǲʱ˱ҹħ˸ɸɾԼȥһɱ˿ħҪֱЦ
Ҷû뵽ǣǰİҹħȻĵ˵ͷ˼ԲˣǴӦҪ
ĸң
Ҷ컹ǲǰʵЩȷʵҹħٴĵ˵ͷ֮ʱҶѡϵ䶨
ҶҲûгɣ漴ķʬ壬ջصָеָ֮УȻָװʬȴǿԵġ
Ҷո˷ʬ֮ǰİҹħһͺ𣬺˵ʲô
ں˵𣿡
ҶĻ䣬ҹħʱɿĵ˵ͷ漴һХȻҲҶԸԸ⣬ǿȥϵϣȻವһʧԭء
һһ޸ո뿪ãӰ漴ԭĵطӣϵ·ֱΪڰ׽ɫ
ʱֵӣɽկλկӥӥӥӥǿߣӥǴﵽ;硣
磬Ҳо˰ҹħϢһйɸǿϢƳʲôʱôǿޣ
ӥɫĿǰϵıѪˮӥɽҪΪ˰ҹħȴȻðһֻǿޣβ𺳡
Ϣȴ壬ôȲҪֻޣȫ׷ҹħٴγ˯
ӥϲûκεı飬ֻǵĮĿǰһУУȴǱȰӥҪ𺳡
Ϊﵽһ;磬ĸӦҪ˸ܵĶֻ֪࣬ǿޣʵȴڰҹħ֮ϡ
ǰʮ׷
ӥ䣬˲˳ȥҶһ൱𺳣ΪӥٶȣȻͷ޼
ӥͺӥҲûиͣʱҲٵĸȥڵȫչһ㣬ٵĳתš
󺮷紵Լ֮ϣҶо̾ѣȻٶȣһڰҹħıϣᵽٶȶĺ塣
Ȼ֪һ̰ҹħҪԼȥҶȴ֪һ£ǾǰҹħԼû˿Ķ⡣
ΪӸղŰҹħʬ壬һҶѾ֪ԼȣѾӮ˰ҹħꡣ
Сӣиˣ֪ҹħҪȥʲôط𣿡
ʦ˼֪
ȻҪȻҲˣ
ʦҹħҪȥʲôط
ȵ֪ˣ
ʦĻҶʱˣ˵˰죬ԼʦԭǺԼգεЦЦ漴Ҷ˫ۣŷĿС
ԼʱҶڼʶԼҪĿĵأεĿĵأȴֻһɽɽܲ֩ЩҶ춼ûȥᣬΪǰɽ


070 ڤ
֪ΪʲôҶ쿴ǰڹŶʶĸойһֱںʹҶ첻ĳǰŶȥ
˿Ҷڵӣһ֣ᷢһҶ񣬾ȻģֻʣǰĹŶ
ҹħͷ­ɻĿŽŹŶȥߣ漴Ҳȥһ̵İҹħһɽկĹ֡
ܿ죬Ҷ˹ŶſڣҶûǰһΪߣǰҹħӲĵǰ
ɻĿǰļޣ֪һ̰ҹħΪʲôҪסȥ·ҶѾԿ϶ҹħҪŶ
ҹħ¶һ˿˿ǣҲͣĳţ˵ʲôһҶ첻ޣǰҹħԸ˵Ļ
˵ΣգǲȷҪȥ
Ҷ޲ߵʱ򣬾ʯӵٴγ֣Ҷû˿ԥ漴ǰ˵Ҳ£
򵥵֣ȴʾҶľģΪģΪһҶ֪ǰĹŶԼħϵ
һ˷ܵĻХٴ漴ҹħǰ꣬תԿٵĳŹŶȥһգ۵ʱѾʧҶС
εҡҡͷҶܹӰҹħĻХһ˷ܣûڳɣ漴ҶҲ뵽Ŷ֮С
Ŷ֮ڣҶܹıһƬڤһźںɫĹڿصƮţǰҹħĻʱʱĻЩڤ뵽ԼĻ
Ҷиеȵǣÿһΰҹħһ˿ڤ𣬰ҹħⲿͻһ˿ˣȻ٣ǻҶ첶׽ˡ
ʱҶоԼСжĦҹħǰצͣץԼСȣҶʱйĸо
޾ǶٿȻ˵ͳΪͰҹħϰȻ֪Լʦô޹ͨġ
ҶţҪ޹ͨʵһҪﵽһľ硣
նڵڤϿתڵڤڤ쳣ǿ˵԰ͻƾ磡
жʱһҶڲźȻԼ֮һڤҲѾѣڶڵڤ𣬺ΪԼһ
ûڳɣҶ漴ϯضڵڤٵתܿɽ֮ڵһڤӿĳ롣
΢΢һҶ漴¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫô˵Ҷڶֻһ̣һ֮ڤһʱ֮Ҳ̲ס
˭ӡڵ壬Ҫȫӡ⿪˵ԳǸ磬̫ˣһǰһѰɣ
ʯһ̾Ϣ漴ҶܺȻ䣬ղŻԴԴӿҶڵڤ𣬾ȻɻӲ赲֮⡣
ҶյڤѾﵽ˱״̬ҪǾʯӼʹֹڤӿ룬˵һѱˡ
ԵҶڣɽ֮ڵڤҲûҶӿ룬ǳһ
ҶڣڣһһɱڤǸղҶתڤɽ֮ڴڤ뵽ڡ
ʹҶڵֻ䲻ƽ⣬žʯͷųĽ룬Ҷڵٴεõƽ⡣
һŰɫڤһŻɫɲͬǿ໥ţȥҶͻھ硣
ʱ򣬽ҶڵͺһԵǿнɲͬϵһȻûںϣǿǰǾػԼĵ̡
֣Ȼҵһȴҵǿǲ˼飡
ʯӷһ̾漴һǿԵ˲뵽Ҷڣһθûиκλᣬֱӽת
ܿ죬תĳӣһźڻɫһŻɫӳֵһ̣ʯͷųʱƳҶ⡣
ƳߣӴŸԵ˻صԵĵ̣ɾӣ˭Ҳַ˭ֻ໥š
ղʲôȻҵ˳ǿһССӣ壬治򵥰
ʯûͼҶڣΪ֪Լһ̳֣ҲܰҶʲôһлҪԼˡ
ҹħһֱҶ첻ԶĵϣֻĶһ֮꣬г˺档


071 
һУȴһ˯޵ʵҪ
ȻʯӵûҶʵҶںȻӣҲΪﵽ̺ھ硣
˫ۣҶ첢ûΪԼʵУ෴һҶϳһֲȻ
Ϊʲôģʵ̺ڣھ̴ԲߣҲԽնɱ
ʯӵ֮гһ˿ϲãԼĵٶ֮죬ôܲˣȴûзԼӵһ˿Ծ
ʦ⵽ʲôطôоٺңȴ֪
ȻҲ֪ʲôط֪ͨȴԵһطǾɽ
ɽҶһ飬漴֮¶һɼᶨ֮ɫ漴˵ʦȥɽ
ˣ
ʯƺ֪Լӻ˵֮û˿ľȣҶĵ˵ͷ֮еļᶨ֮ɫء
˫ۣΪʦȥ
˵֮Ҷû˿ԥԼ۾ɫʱҶͰҹħһһ޻ûзӦѾʧŶ֮С
һʱ䣬Ҷ˫۵ʱǰľѾȫˣǰһƬһ޼ʵɭ֡
ɽ𣿡
ҶԼʦҶҲ֪ԼطʲôĴڣɽ޾סĵط
ȻǴɢȥģôֻԼȥѰңΪʦﲻʲôҪסﲻǿļޣгԽļ޵ĴڣһСģ
˵֮󣬾ʯӵʱʧҶԺ֮С
ԱߵİҹħҶǲԾ¶һ˿΢Ц֪ΪʲôһǰֻļޣȻĳꡣ
ǰ𣿡
ʵðҹħشҶҲ֪𰸣Ϊļޣҹħôûɽء
Ȼʻո£ҹħ㳯ĵ˵㻢ͷҶЦˣ漴㳯Զȥ
ܿ죬һһޱһžСϪԱߣǰ峺׵ϪˮҶ̲ס𵱳ڷɽԼϴ¡
ȻЩļЩСԣҲʧһŮҶа漴ѹ·һԭʧҶӰ
ϡ
峺ϪˮкȻðһͷҶЦſŰϵİҹħ漴˵ҶˣץֻҰ鷳ˡ
˵֮ҶһתʱʧˮУȴûпԼ˵ðҹħץҰʱ򣬰ҹħ֮¶һ֮ɫ
ҶһֱûðͷϪˮײ֪ΪʲôҶںƺҪһȴʲô赲סˡ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬ҶڸоԼЩˣ漴ٵĳϷȥҶҲûⰶǷˣֱ¶ȥ
ǺþûеҶվȣһдŷŭ衢ɱĽк漴쳹ؼ䡣
ʱһҶʵ벻ͨžСߣôˡ
ǵҶתʱʱעˣΪǰվһɫһͷɫڱ󣬾µĹ覴ã͸ֳ˵
ҶǰŮֻĸݣǱǣΪǰλŮӣѾܹ˼̻ݣֱ̫ˡ
óĶ
Ҷ컹ڳŮӳɫʱŮӾ겻ĺٴ𣬵ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ̺ҶĶҲ֮
Ůӵη֮ʱҶڻ壬ǵҶ쿴Լ±ûκζʱɫʱ䡣
ҶеץǣԼ·ǰŮӵԣֻһ֮ѲԼ߹ȥãǡ
Ҷûи¼룬ƺʲôŮýҶ·תۼ䵽ҶĽ¡
ҲûȥβΣҶѸٵĴԼ·ɫ΢ĿǰŮӣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
ϴΪʲô·
Ůֱڣһŭı飬ЩʵʻʱҶסˡ
ʲôʱϴ軹Ҫ·
ҶɻԼô˵ԼѾǰŮӿ˸⣬˵ʲôҲҪ𣬶ԣ
ϴ·Ҳû˵˭ϴᴩ·ģѵСϴᴩһϴ𣿻УСȻҵ壬ôǲӦöҸأ
Ůû뵽ǰĺһʱҲסˣС˶Ϊ飬ڡ


072 һ
ŮӲ֪ôʱԶķȻӰֻһʱ䣬ӰѾҶǰ
һŮ׼ȷ˵ӺһϸصӾȻа˷ƣòҲֵ֪ܡ
Ҷûȥ˵òΪһ̣Ҷкݺݵ¿ˮΪվǰˣȻߡ
ҶеȵǣղſԼȫŮӣȻҲһǿߣղֻ̾ŮӵòûпŮҲһߡ
С㣬ôˣ
ϸЩ磬Ҳһ˿ĳŮʵӣĶǰĺꡣ
ɰԵѾ壬ҶţֻҪԼҶһ£ôǰӻԥ
ȻղڤŶõħİʵѾͻڣﵽ̺ھ磬ҶҲͬġ
֮µߣսʤǶߣҶû˿İգϾ߿ԾΪãһǺҲϲϵġ
åϴ費·
ŮʱЩίĿǰϸ˵ϲŷŭһһ˿Ρ
ʲô㿴壿
ϸ𾪲ŮһԶҶ죬ҲͬһҶҿ϶ϸĺԿԺԼʨӺ࿹⡣
ϸŮԸӺǻĵ˵ͷ
Ůӵͷϸɫ˲ת䣬֮Ȼž⣬ɱ˵ͯսͯɱ
ʵϸ˵Ů˵Լ֮ʱ֮ڱѾɰԵɱֱѹǰꡣ
ԲûҶ˶֣
ͯսĿǰ꣬˵ǰţͯûжΪУҪնɱһֱ꣬練ơ
ѵҪǿ
Ҷû˿ı飬ûںǰǿߣĻʱͯսǰĲͣ
һУס뿪Ӳס
ͯսû˿Ŀǰ꣬Ҷ췢֣ͯս˵⻰ʱˣŮӣûǰֹЩĵĿԼ
νʿɱ裬СȻҶ챻ΪǿҵľΪ϶֣ȻÿζԼˣ޷˵Լ顣
ҽսҽһУҪ㹫ƽԾһУӮ뿪Ǵã
ҶĻͯսһ𣬾ˣҲǿһǰĺ֪꣬ʲôô
̣ͯʵʹһжʤ𣿡
ŮӺһѾ˸ղ飬ЩȷԵϸ
ƾͯʵѵ㻹𣬷İɣͯΪ
ϸ¶һ˿ģԼʲôʵǰһ̣˶ѿܹսʤͯս̫߳
ãҴӦ㣬ڿʼһΪޣ
ͯս˵֮Ҷ챻Ϊǰӻ֣ȴͯսٳٲ֣漴룬Ҷʱˡ
һߺһսѾӣȳ֣²Լ֣ͯսҪڸضȥˡ
ͯս֣Ҷɲ飬ϾվǰһǿߣҶ컹֪ͯսʲô硣
޼Ǭ
ڵٵתҶеȵǣԼڵһƺĳֱ仯ʲô仯Ҳ˵
Ϊһ̣ҶԸоԼһǿ˲ǰ۳ʮűýӰ
ҶµĲԼʹǬʹһ޶ô£ڸݲ롣
ʮűýӰԲηλתţǰһУͯսϸϣҲǳ˾ȡ
ôֻһ̣ΪʲôͷųʲôǿĽ
ϸڸпʱҶѾˣʮűýӰʱǰȥʮƿֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ʮűӰѾͯսǰ׵ĵط
ҶеŵǣǰӸûжҲûͷųκε֣ԼͷųǬͱӲĵ⡣
ûκε⣬ҶʮŵýӰʱʧӰ٣ͯսȻվԭأղŸһ
ҶһֻǸеһУǰӼֱ̫ǿˣԼܿġ


073 
ǰʵ̫ǿˣԼǬû˿Ӱ죬ҶһţǰӣΪԴﵽ;硣
ΪҶΪﵽĺӥսȻʵǿޱȣҶ컹һƴ֮ʱԼȻһƴ֮ûС
ղʹʲô
Ҷûз֣ͯս۵׺Ȼһ˿ȣܿѾʧˣĮʵ
ˡҲܷ棡

ûеҶ˵꣬վͯսͯʱŭһ漴һ㳯Ҷ켲Ҷ֪ԼǰӶ֡
ȴһִеˣڵٴοٵתǻûе֣һ쳹صĻХʱ
ҶжʱһϲΪХǰҹħһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷǰһֱɫϻ
ͯӲֹסԼĽŲЩȵ˵ļްҹħܲûûԼޣˡ
ϵľȶʱת˷ܣ˭ӵΪﵽ֮һֻļޣ仹һֻޣκ˵ջǾ޴ġ
ͯҪץסҹħޣҶ쵱Ȼͬ⣬漴ҶٴγˣһҶȻʹĻǬڳͯȴӲٴͣס˽Ų
Ϊһ̣ǰϺȻһеļµͯԽնɱ
޼Ǭ
һ̣ҶеȫۼԼ֮ϣΪҶڶģһԼ֮ϵĻ񽣻ٴγ֡
ڷɽŵʹ֮㽫նɱҪͷ֮ϵĻͻȻ֣նɱŵĵӡ
Ҷۼʶ񽣵һɰԵޱȵĻǰҶ췢Լû˿ķ֮
Ҷûʧ֮кȻһǿĻʱҶǰʮű񽣡
Ҷ֪һԼʹǬ˻񽣵ļ룬㷭˽Ҳȫˡ
ʮűһ̣˵ʵ彣ӰҲ˵ýӰΪҶ췢֣Ļ񽣣Ȼӡ֮С
û˿ĳɣҶкԱԼǿĵˣҪȳ֣ʱκεĻᡣ
Ҷ첻һˣȳˣʮűû｣ӰʱʮŹɰԵĻ˲ͯǰ
Ǭ֮Ҷûκεԥڰҹħϣ˵˼仰һŭĻХ漴һһʧԭء
ͯսеױȣʵû뵽һССĺߣȻͷųޱȵĻ
ͯս֮г˾֮⣬û˿ĻţˣŮڣû˿ĵǡ
ںȻһеɫ֣ʮűԼ֮ʱͯɫױˡ
ɫֺȻ˼£Ȼûбƣ̲ͯס˼ɫ˲תףǿſеѪ
ܣôˣ
ͯսһΪԼܵʵˣȻԼҲһͣȴһ̴ˡ
ԾĲֻͯսһˣŮӺϸҲһ𺳣˿ٵͯǰһ԰֮ɫӣϸɫ
ô£
ڳ˶ߣǶܿóո뿪ֻ꣬һΪﵽ֮ߣǾһ̣ȴһ͡
ʲôһߣһǿߣȻһֻĸݣ˼顣
ʱ䣬ͯȶԼڵƣϵĲ԰֮ɫȻ˵ܵ˲ᡣ
̫ˣû뵽һСС̣Ȼͷų˰ԵĻԽڵ׽Ҫǿ󣡡
ܣ
ܣ
ͯսϸͣʻ׽˵׽ǿģǾԿŽǰ
һСС̣ͷųĽȻ׽Ҫ˲ǲԸţǲš
ҲţʵˣǸСͷųĽ̫ԵˣȻ̫УһҪƿҵ֣ǲܵ飬ȴƿҵ֣ҪӦ˵Ѿ
ֱͯڻһµӣͯսϸɫѱϺɫ
ĸףǸСӵʲôˣ᲻ŵĵӣ


074 ѪʥŮ
ܣ
ͯսĻ䣬ϸֱӷĲ²⣬漴ϸ˵ȻлнҼʶڵ׽
ĻԽһڵĵӣ
ȱˣǼסһ㣬ǸСӣȫ֣ȴɱǸСе⣬ȰѰҺʵޣ
ϸĻֵͯû˵ͯڵϾ
ȴûз֣ŮӿԶѾʧ֮꣬г˺棬ղŵѾˡ
֮⣬ҹħҶٵļţֱȷԷû׷Ҷðҹħͣ
΢΢һ̾Ҷһ̲ʵҪԣղŵԼĴǾԼʵŻᱻ衣
һ̣Ҷаģжô࣬ԼҪǿʵʵһУʵܲ衣
СҲôͷɥˣղѾǸСӣһ̾Ȼһͣ˭˵ʵǿ
ʯӵĻʱҶһԼղʹǬûüѾŰҹħٵ뿪ˡ
ỳʦĻһͣҶ֪ǶôǿĴڣԼȻһͣղŻƲֵȴָǿš
ʦ͵ʵжǿ󣿡
˵ղǸСӵʵȴҪֻҹħʵǿһ㣬Ҫ֮ϵĻ񽣣ΪʦǬҲͬ˲ǸСӣ
Ҷû˿ľȣҹħȻǿޱȣֻ൱֮У͵ʵͯȴһʵ͡
㲻ȥǣɽǿޣеޣܹõһֻǿޣԺкô
ҶûзԾʯ˵Ļϰҹħǰȥһ·֮ϣҶԺ֮УϵĻʵ⡣
ҹħڱܵĽŲȻͣ£֮гһǿĺ⣬һͳĻХ𣬺ھ汯˵ꡣ
أҶɻĿǰޣ֪һ̰ҹħΪʲôȻˣǺܿѾ˲ԡ
˼ǲ˵ǰеˣһΣյĸо
ҹħ¶һ˿֮飬˶Ļͷĵ˵㣬˼ѾԲ
ҶҲһʲôܹΪѾﵽļİҹħеΣأ
ûκεĳɣҶ쳯ǰһƣŰҹħĳǰȥܿ죬һһһŹ֮¡
ҶǰĹֱ̫ˣֱһ޼ʣͷڴָӲ˵ˣҶ춼ûа취ݡ
һһݵ֮漴ٵϹֱ֮һһͣ
֮ҶѡڹϣΪҹħмǿϢڳԼķٶ
Ҷѡô㣬һһϵϢ˲ʧӰ٣ȻҶΪûдﵽ֮
ǾʯѾڸһϢĹڰҹħΪһֻļޣҪԼϢֱ׾١
ûһһ޵̫ʱ䣬ԶʱȻټӴӰҶ춨һ֪ʲôˡ
ǰһΪòŮӣ͸ղŵŮȣҲãµһͷѪɫĳ˵ҫۡ
һѪ쳤½İŮӰ˵ģټܵУŮӵҲĶˡ
ѪŮӣһͷǮܿһޱҶڹ֮¡
ǰҶȻ֣µѪŮӣѾˣҡҡ׹ֻһ֧š
ѪŮǰҲ˺صƣֻͷǮ
ҶеȵǣѪŮӣӣȻߣͷǮȻһֻޡ
ҶҲ֪Լ˻ǵùʱԼȺߣи͵ǿڡ
ҪǣЩ߳ˣȻҶ֪ＸǿߣԲʲô֮٣жɫԼôʹء
ѪʥŮȰ㻹ǹԹԵǻعڣִⷴĻǲһʬ׻ȥ㣬˼һܿеģ
һɫЩ˵ϻ¶һ˿Цݣ˿ȥһٵĳ嶯
ҪϻץסģҲУ
һһĲͷ첲ʱʱһ˿Ѫ


075 ʶȼ
ѪŮӵɫΪĶǰˣɢɱڰ֮ϵҶ춼ܸܵĵ
ѵҪѪĹȲ𣿡
ѪʥŮÿǣѪĹǧΪУܹץסѪʥŮʱѪԹԡ
죬ƾСҲҪͱʥŮֱ
ûе˵꣬ѪʥŮĽϣ漴׵ĳˣһŰԵ˲֮ϡ
Ҷжʱһ֪ΪʲôѪʥŮֻǸոʹԼȴйļ¡
ҶܵһֻǵĲȻǺǿңȴֱӰ
һɣ
˵⻰ʱҶݺݵһԼĿˮΪʦʵĻ֣ʦ֮ϱϴԼ꣬Ӷͷ֮
Ҷ²һ㶼ûдѪʥŮΪѪĹȹĶŮÿһѪĹȵѪʥŮʵѾﵽ硣
ѪʥŮ£·ѪĹȵйڣһιҪץסȻɳ֡
ˣѪʥŮʵҲԿǰ·ɱһֻһֻʵǿѹסѪʥŮ
ۿǰŮ֣漴¶һ˿Ϊκ˶ԿóǰѪʥŮѾǿ֮ĩ
ûг֣ΪҲȫ˺صƣȴû˿ĵǣΪԻһֻûг֡
Ǯˣʵﵽ磬ʵͬȼ߻Ҫǿ֣ҪֻޣҪѪʥŮû˿Ŀܡ
Ǯһǰˣһգ۵ʱ䣬ǮѾŮǰɢԵֱǰŮӡ
ҶյֵǣѪʥŮɢ֮ȻʧˣζŮӷ˵ֿ
ûάֶãΪʱѪʥŮϺȻһɸӰԵ˲һޡ
ʶȼգɱ
ͬʱ漴˲תڵ֮һĻʶȼգֱ֮
ڵȫʢʱڣ˵ܵסһĻʶȼգ˵ˣѾûйʣֵ
ѪʥŮʶȼպܿ죬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ԵĻʶ˲ǿʱһ޼ȥ
ڵ˲䱻ɵ˭Ҳܿһ̵ѾǹӲд޻ǮҲʱȥ
ô˵޻ǮûʲôˣѪʥŮʶȼգǮû˿׼ȴûֻһ̣ǮһֻӱӲıϡ
һҵķŭǮֻ۾ŭĵǰŮӣһܹĻٷ֮ٻŮ˺á
ͷųԼĻʶѪʥŮҲѾյ㣬ҡԼλƵӣŬԼˤ
ǲôŬѪʥŮ̲סȥ֮ȴ¶һ˿ģǹ˺ܾãҲһӣҲһ͡
ѪʥŮֻоԼһӱ˻У漴ȥסѪʥŮǶϣһֱսҶ졣
տʼҶûг֣ΪþԼ֣Ҳû˿ĻᣬϾµһޣǿȴֻһСС̡
֮ԸղܹΪﵽ֮ͯҶʵܹսʤͯΪͯУһʿС
ڴ£Ҷʹ˻񽣣ԲͯһΣҶԼһͯĶ֣пܱһи
ô˵㶼ôƯ˼ֱ̫ϧˣҾһ˰һѣʦ˵ķֱе̬
˵֮Ҷȡ˵ֱӲŮӵȻִͷų
ϿҼѪҺмã㣡
Ȼͷųûи״ҶԼɴҪѪҺûеŭǣǰȻһھǼѪҺ
ѪҺ½ϵ֪Ҫ˵һѪҺҲԾһߣΪԼҪȡԼѪҺʱľԼ
Ҷ죬ǲںҿЦѪҺҰ
Լֻҳ֣ʮѪҺҪּۻۣõʱҲûм˿ţ
ҪƱ磬һ֣ʱ˪˵һص̾һҲ֪ôŪģʱʮλѪҺ㳯ǰȥ


076 
жʱһϲҶ첢ûϣܹԼʮλѪҺϾҲ֪ѪҺжôҪ
ǻǸԼʮλѪҺмĿһǰĻ漴Ҷû˿ԥѶʮλѪҺȫν˻Ůӵ
㲻øмңʮѪҺ͵һҲʨӴ󿪿ڣһӱǶʮΣԺҪ⿪ڣ
ҶвЦЦ漴ٴûصԼС
СӣҲ˭ϰѪʥŮ£Ȼ̹СĵС
ڵϵһ˵֮ȴһıģϸһǿҵİɫ
жʱЦһ֮Ҳ£ҶɲʲôڣֻԼֻҪԼ飬Ҳвͨ
ΪʲôҪĻʲôòҪңСôĶ֪
ҶĻʱסˣûһ˸˵Ѿ϶Ĵڡ
ڴ˿ȴһ˵ɫ˲תڣԵɱʱǰ꣬ɱˣô˵ѾҶɱ֪ٻˡ
СӣҲʲôˣ˹ڣŵĵӣϣڸѡ񣬵һ˹ڶѡԼѡɣ
ڣԭǹڵˣһѡһѡɣͽǣ
Ҷ漴¶һ˿𾪣ϳ˻ţڵĺǹڵȴûз֡
ҶȻһ˿䣬漴Ҷ챧ŻеŮӻĳܿǰ
ʶʱΪܣСӺܲպʲôѿǣǻӦһΣŮӷ£뿪ˣ
ǿڵƣԵúƽ˵ܹƭҶ죬ҶҲû˵ʲôİѻеŮӷ֮ĵط
漴վת׼뿪ֱʱ򣬹ڵҲһΪ̫ܵˣҪȻҲ˵ôϻ
ʱѾ뿪ҶȻתֻһ˲ǰڵת
޼Ǭ
ʮűýӰʱǰҰԲηλٵתţ˻ûзӦʮűýӰѾ͸ǵ塣
ҵĽʱ𣬲ǹڵ޻Ǯһ˲նΡ
Ҷ컹ļǵãʯӵʱ˵ĻԵ˲ĴԵʴȾǶԼ̣Ҷһû˿ԥ
ȻҶ첻֪ڵʲôĴڣǴӸղ˵̬Լ뿪ҲԲŹԼ
ʦʶȼô𣿡
նɱһֻҶвû˿ϲãϾһ޲ʵնɱǼһֳɡ
ʶȼΪﵽ֮ϵ߲ſʩչģͷŻʶȼգȻʵʱһǵʶȼմʱҲ֮ʱ
ʦѵȼջʶʵ֮⣬Ҳû취ʵ𣿡
֪ΪʲôҶһ̺ȻҪ֪⣬ʵĲҲԽԽ
һԼ޷ܵҶЭЭİ취ֻһǱʯ٣ʯٵǰʵ
˻ʶȼ⣬Ϊʦʱ֪һ취Ǹ취ڰԵ㻹ǲѧΪãֻҪסһԣܵԼʵֻ㹻ʵſԲʹʲôʶȼԲз
ʯӵĻ䣬죬ֻҶȻ£ϳ˼ᶨ֮ɫ漴˵ʦ㣬Ǹ취ڸӡ
˵֮Ҷ㳯ԼָϵͷʯӲ˵Ҷһֱš
һ̾漴ʯε˵ǺοأɣΪʦӦ취ҲҪӦΪʦʲôʱ򣬶ʹ
жʱһϲ漴ҶվȲĴӦ
Ҳ¼֮صģʱΪʦѧãԱĨˣȻִҪѧΪʦڱ㴫ڸ㣬ͷΪ񣬾м׹쳣Ե
þŸͬʱŸѨλݼǱܣʵӦÿ˲ıʹþ֮󲻻䣬ȴ
ʯ˵ûм˵漴̾ϢһҶѾܹ³Ȼ˰ԵıʵôĺҲ϶쳣ء


077 
Ҷûв´֮Զı֮࣬ĺ֢ȴҲǾ޴󣬵һ㣬֮󲻻䡣
ǵҶ֪֮ʲô֮ʱл̲סһΪĴۼֱ̫ˡ
ѾĹεļУ漴Ҷ㿴ڵϵŮӣħģҶ޷Ůҳһ˿覴á
ҶӰ֮Уֻ͵ԼϴŮӲܺǰŮȣҶȴǰѪŮû˿뷨
ΪӸղż˵ĶԻ֮һ˿ߣǰڵϵŮʲôѪĹȵѪʥŮղűԼնɱˣȴʲôڵ
ȻҶ첻֪ѪĹȺ͹ʲôطһкǾطǲ𣬵֪ܶࡣ
ҪǿˣֻҲ˺صƣҶţԼҪ˵նɱԼСҪ
ʱһֱûгֵİҹħȻѪŮԣֻ۾ĶǰŮӣ漴ôԴĶŮӵ塣
Ҷ˫۶ʱһΪҹħԴŮӵزضţҶ룬ԭһֱԼһֻɫ
Ҷܿ㷢֣ҹħǰŮһϧȻ֪ôݣҶȴޱȵĿ϶
ûа취ҶкԼŮӶôҹħ˵㲻ٸԼһָо
߹ȥҶıϵѪŮӣ漴˰ҹħϣûڿһۣ㳯Զȥ
һ·ҶеɻԽŨΪڲ֮ǰԼվŶ֮⣬ںԼǽɽֺ֮ȴȻʧˡ
һʱ䣬ҶðҹħѪŮӣ漴ҶץֻҰҰտûһƮ㡣
ҶԼһֻĿʣµıȫһԵİҹħѪŮӣ˻ڻ֮УҶҲûи
ʱһ΢ʹ漴ڵһֱԵѪŮƵתѣҶȴûжȻڳԼеĿ
˭
ѪŮվĶǰĺ꣬ûվãһܽӴڱĵϣѪŮӴڴڴŴ
ѪŮӸղսһֻʹʶȼղشһޣҪҶ켰ʱȣүȥˡ
Ҿ㣡
ҶȻûпŮһۣǵĮ˵ڽż⣬ҹħŮתѣ˲ϵϵʳֱŮǰһХ
ǰҹħ
ѪŮӿȻԼԵϻжʱһϲ漴Ҳϵƣ漴§סҹħĲӼǡ
Ҷ쵽ʱˣȻѲ³ҹħѪŮһ˿ϵҶ컹û뵽һһ޾Ȼܡ
ղŶл㣬ҶлСһᣬѪŮӳǰĺм
ҶеĿʱŻ̧ͷȻһĮӣ漴ʵʶҹħ
ȻС֮ĲþͶˣΪ˰弱ˣղСѾȫңĺܸл㣡
ãлң˵˵ѪĹȺ͹ڵʲôطеǸʲôˣ
Ҷ첻ɵϣʵĲ֪·ϲ򵥣ȵʱ򣬱Ѿ˵·ɡ
ʵҲֻһɣǽˣȻ磬ʵҶţ˱ʵԲ򵥡
ѪŮӲûش⣬ʲô˼һ漴˿ԵİҹħԼϵơ
˵һʲô𣿡
аЦһҶ֪ŮӻʣҲû˿ԥ漴Ҷ˵ǻĵ۹ˣƳǳҶ졣
ҽܣѪŮٴ룬漴¶һ˵ҽѪѪĹȵѪʥŮղˣǹڵǿߡ
СҪǩѪȴʧˣֻýɽûʺҵޣû뵽˹ڵˣ
ѪĹȺ͹ڳ޺ܴѪĹȺ͹ǲ֮һҶɻʵ
Ҳ֪ɣ
ѪʱɻĿǰ꣬漴ɺָܿƽ˵˵Ҳǣɵ˭᲻֪أѪĹȻǹڣɡ
Ҷû˵ȻѪĹȺ͹ڲ֮һôɿ϶ҲʲôСɣ˵˵ʵѾ˵ܶ⡣


078 Ҫ׷
ɷֱڣţظңţѪĹȺ͹ټڣħħĴɣ
ѪΪԼ˵ħ֣ǰĺһԼеǣû˿ķӦ
ȻûзӦ
ҪʲôӦ
ҶʱеһȻʦҲ˵һЩħ飬ҶУħԼ顣
Ҳˣ׸֪ħ飬ԺлᣬӦöȥߣڼ˵ںѪĹǵжԹϵκòлץңô׷Źأ
ҶһЩ漴ٴʵȻѾһ˰ҹħôûбҪɽˣصѪĹȣҿڿ϶ưոݡ
ҶԼ֪ԼΪʲôôǰŮӣϲͣҶƵĲȥ룬Ҷȴһ£Լһɫˡ
ڹ𣿡

ҶһʱȻûзӦû뵽ǰŮӻֱӣҶɫĪĺ˺죬ɵɵĿǰŮӡ
ħּǸҵԼϲģôҪֶεĵõңҶҲкøУڿʼҾԿʼ׷㣬ֻѡӦ
ҶǳɵˣǰѪŮҲֱ̫ˣȻҶԼ϶ǰŮҲкøУǻ˵ϲ
ݺݵһԼĿˮҶһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôΪãΪѾȻûн飬ǹϵѾȷ
Ȼڻĵ۹һиƽģҶϾʮ꣬ڸ飬Ҳǰ֪⡣
֪ѪĹȵѪʥŮֻһ׼СΪʲôῴңѵΪҾȹ㣿
һ棬һĶкøУֺøҲ˵һʶһ˰ɣ
ǰŮӵĻҶû˵ʲôһһ㰮ôôı飬жʱһϲѪ֪ǰǴӦԼˡ
ȵһᣬҪȻָ˵
˵֮ѪҲҶ˵ʲô±˫Ҷʱ֣Ѫ֮ϣһ˿תš
òҶҲ֪ǿ¾Ϊﵽ磬ϴЧҶֻǲ֪ѪΪ״ﵽ˼
ʦ˵Ϊ磬һϴ֮һ꣬ϴ֮һĵػ꣬ϴıһꡣ
СܲСС;ȻѾϴض꣬ѪĹȹȻΪħĴ֮һ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻҶԺ֮УҶʱһϲΪ֪Լģʦһ
ʦҽѪĹȺ͹ڵɣ
СӣСǷϲΪʦҪһ䣬ҪõҪĶԼʵѪĹûô򵥡
жʱһҶ첻ɵӣȻܹʦ֮дʲôԼǰŮûкøУƭ˵ģҶףڵʵЩɲԼ
㲻ֻ֪Ҫסһ㣬ѪĹȵĹǹڵڿѾﵽ𾳽磬Ǵ½ҲĴˣ
ҶжʱˣȻ֪ʵжôǿ󣬵Ҷ֪һ£ʦ˵ǿôʵ϶ǿ
ϴʦԼʵ֣Ҷ֪һΪʮ磬ֱߡ̡顢͡ʦڡۡ桢ʡʥ
ʥ񣬾ʦ˵½֮Ѿûڣʣ½֮ϻûжһ
ǿĴڣҶû뵽ǣѪĹȣǹڣڵȻ𣬹ֲʦԼʵ
ʦ˵ûʵ֮ǰһжǲʵģպӱŬģ
ħ㲻Ҫȥô˵ֻҪɣΪʦСħŮҪʱطΪΪʦ˵𣿡
ӽʦ̻壡
Ҫû£ɽһʱ䣬Ϊʦ۲죬ҵһ֮أһڤ֮أôΪһͻ̺ڣﵽ̴ԲʱԳ쾳ˣ
ҶҲڵϣʼ˺ܾãһʱ䣬ѪתѣȻϵƻûȫãʹѪطѪҲ˽˲㡣


079 컢
Ѫ˫ۣ漴ǰĺ֪꣬ΪʲôȻֻǳμ棬֮һֶȻˡ
ѪҲ˵Ϊʲô˵ԼǰĺøУֻΪôԼȫʽ𣬵ԼȴΪʲô̲סҪַʽء
ʵ벻ͨ漴Ѫݺݵ˦еǣʼǰļްҹħʼǩѪһαѪ˲
Ҷеȵǣһޱȵİҹħһ̾Ȼ˳ĺһֻСè࣬Ҫñ˿ֱǲ˼顣
ѪıѪת۱ȫû뵽ҹħ֮Уһһͬʱһ£漴ؼĳĪһһ֮ϵ
ΪȻѾﵽ磬ҹħֻһֻļޣ㲻ܳԿ˵պ󻹻ҵǿޡ
ҶУʵ벻ͨǰѪŮӵôģʵѾﵽ磬ҪǩѪҲͦѰһֻ
Ѫȴԥĺֻļ޾İҹħǩѪβеɻ
ѪĦԵİҹħϳԺУ漴Ƶ˵֪ǰֻļޣʵһֻޡ
ѪĻҶ첢ûие˿ľȣΪ֪ǰļްҹħ͸ոձնɱģͬļ޷Ǳޡ
ĵ˵ͷҶȻû˵ʲôѾһǲףҶȷǲףǱô
Ѫ漴¶һ˿ЦݣĿһǰĺ꣬׼֪޵
޷ΪʮȼߵʵһҪ磬Ҫ߸ѣҪҵһֻǿ޼ֱ̫ˣ
ҶȻû˵ֻǾǰŮ˵ô˵Ҷ춼֮УһЩ·ϵ¸֪ںòи˸Լ⣬Ź
ǱȴһȻ޵ҪһѣһһΪôͬȼ֮Уޱ޵еĴڣеԽɱУ
ѪĻҶģͬȼ޵УԽɱУôʵҶֱһ̣¹۲ǰޡ
ôҹħԴﵽôľ磿
ɲͬȼ֮޵УԽɱУЩҶ컹ϵģĵǣҹħܹﵽôľ硣
ϾҹħֻǴﵽļ弶磬ôԽɱУҲֻɱޣޣҹħ޲ߡ
Ҹ˵ҹħܹľ޻֮Ѿﵽ֮Բ⣬ǰֻҹħʮ꣬һܹﵽܸ֮ߣ
ȻҶѾ³ǰֻ޲򵥣һܺԥǩѪϾڵİҹħֻһֻļޡ
ҶȻѪĻһѪе޻֮ʲôĴڣҲǿޱȵĴڡ
Ҷ컹ǵãѪĹȻǹڣڵ𾳽磬ʵû뵽Ѫеİ壬ȻҲ𾳽硣
㲻ҲˣҿеİǰҹħĸףҲҸ׵Լޣ
㸸ײѪĹȹɣ
Ҷ찵һȻ֪Ѫĸ׿϶򵥣Ȼ֪ѪʥŮǸʲôĴڣǴڵѪ
ѪôױѾﵽ磬Ѿ˵˺ܶ⣬Ҷ컹û뵽ѪĸףȻħĴ֮һѪĹȹ
֪С˰ɣʮ꣬Сһ壬һֻǿ޷ǱޣҲ밵Կ
Ҷ޻˵ˣΪѪ֪ʶֱ̫ˣҶûȥʣΪ֪ȥԼܲס
ȻѾˣôҿӦ÷ֿˣһҪɽһʱ䣬ԾͲˡ
ߣСѾ˵̿ʼСҪ׷㣬׷ĲݣСҲѾһأҲûʲôһʱɣ
ҶʱЦһԼ֮ѡ£ҪΪɽһںԼѪԼôȥѰɺĴڡ
Ҷֲ֪ôܾǰŮӣ˼ŮӶˣԼܲ۾ܾɣҶֱ֪ôˡ
ӦǲӦֲǣҲǿеĲԸ⣬Ѫɫʱתʵǲҷˣ㲻ϲ


080 ҵĳ
ѪֱʻʱҶеһԶԣԼϲǰŮӣҶҲ֪˵شˡ
ǲǷԼˣҶҲòûУǰŮ˫Թ֮ʱжʱĪһ
ûзңҲû˵ϲ㣡
˼ϲˣ
ҶʱеԼҪϢˣǰŮӼֱֱӵĿ£ϲԼҲֱԲɡ
ҶҲ֪Լ쵽ôˣĸоѪĸоһӵһۿʼоǰŮʶĸо
ָоҶ޷ݣоԼǰŮѾʶ֮ãȴһ㵭ָţŶԷ
Ҳ֪ôˣҶʹĵ˵ͷǰͷѪжʱһϲҶǰ
ӰһҶֻоԼйɵıУ漴Ѫٵ뿪ˣһ˿˿㡣
ҶԼգһʱ䲻֪ôˣС󣬲Ҫ˵ŮˣԼĸ׶û׹ԼڷһոʶŮˡ
ǱСĳǣ͸ˣڸҪһĽѵ
ѪЦһ漴ϰҹħٵĳǰȥֻ»ɵɵŵĺꡣ
ḧԼգҶ漴εĿЦһЩЦõ˵ĳǣ⻹ҵĳأ
Ҷûȥ룬׾ˣѲԼҪ׻漴Ҷ㳯Ѫ뿪ķٵ׷ȥ
ѪڰҹħıϣΪҶǲڰҹħԣҶ첢ûжŮ˵ֻźԼ
ʲôأ
Եһ·֮ǲԼѪжʱЩãԼòˣǶţҶȴ޶ԣβ
ҶֻԼ⣬ûѪ⣬Ȼصţûпһ˫ɱ˵۾
ܲˣȻңҪɱ㣡
ҹħͻȻͣ½ŲѪһֱҶǰû˿ףһƱ㳯ǰӡ
ҶȻԼ飬ȻǰһӰûüʻһѪɫӰѾǰ
жʱһǰŮôΪҶʵԼܿģҶΪһӡԼϣһӣԼ䡣
û˿ԥҶڵתһɻɫֶʱҶ֮⣬ʱѪӰҲˡ
һ΢ľ죬ҶʱҲ֮һ˿ѪҶϲûг˿ķŭ
ΪҶ֪ѪǲĶԼ֣ӸղŵӰѪʹʵʵҶҲӲ¡
ðԵʵȻͬ족Ҷа뵽Ҷ첻ûйǰŮԼָ֣м֮顣
ΪѪһǿҲԼʵʵԶڵ˵δزһ¡
лл㣡
ѪΪִҶεʱ򣬺Ȼǰ˵һ䣬ʱѪ˵סˣΪҶԼ˵ġ
ҲѪ룬漴Ҷ˵㲻Ҫ룬ĵĸл㣬֪һǿҲͬʱ֪Լ֮Ĳ࣬سΪ޾Ķպӵڷ
ǰ겻˵٣漴ѪٴСĵʵĲҳִ㣿
֣
Ҷû˿ԥ˵֮¶ĸô峺ѪкȻ¶һ£漴Ҷǰ
ĸҶţʵ𣿡
ۣ
˭㲻ҵģСûңǶңֺæÿǷںò㣬ȴңҺ£
˵˵ţѪ۽ǱĵˮҲ΢ĲҶܹѪ֮иܵһǿҵĹ¶С
۵һ§סǰĿ˶ҶʱкȻһָоһҪһŮӵĳ嶯
ػһһɣ
ʮ꣬ҶһζһŵҲҶΪһŮ˶ĳŵҶȴû˿ĺڡ
Ըػһһ
̧Ħ˫ۣѪ˵ӶʱҶиеһۣҶҲ֪Լ쵽ôˣǰŮһһЦеɿƵġ



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081 ɻɽ
ĵ˵ͷҶ֪ԼһŵҪԼһȥάȴڡ
ʱ򣬻еѪȻ̧ͷЩеʵҸղŸоЩر𣬵ô£
΢΢һ̾ʵȻͬ죬ҶѾСĵԼڵǱǰŮӿ
漴Ҷ첢ûκεȻѾŵôҶѪԼİҶԼһиǰŮӡ
Ѫû˵ֻǾǰ˵ֱҶ˵꣬ѪȻһԾӣɵɵĿǰꡣ
˵壬һǱ˷ӡѾ⿪ķӡ
Ҷεĵ˵ͷϳ޹ҪԼڵߴȫӡ˵Լͻƿﵽ֮ˡ
ûмǴĻʮ֮Ļƶһоأڻƶ˵ͻ֮
ѪĻҶжʱһϲΪʦѸ߹Ҫͻƾ磬Ѱһоأڤء
ôҵģںòҵһоأҶ׷
ô֪ɽôһоصģ
ǰ㸸ɽѰ֮зֵģҲ֪ǵжԣÿ꣬׾ͻ㰵ɽһˣ
ε̾ϢһǧبŲĵҹħΪ֮ĳޡ
ҶҲûж˵ʲô˭Ҳ˵һǶԵģΪ棬ЩʱҪɼ
ܿ˱·Ѫ˵Ļƶ˺ܿѾһаɵĻɽڣһŻɫҽֱţҶΪЩҽ絽ԼϣԼ᲻˲仯ΪһѪˮ
ǻƶ׵˵¼ֻоأǰ⴦оأо֮ڵڶλ
Ҫôܽȥ
Ҷ֮ʣۿԼѾҵ˻оأȴ֪ôȥ룬Ҷ첻
ң˵ǰ겻Ѫľ֮壬һȱ˿죬ѪĹһѪľأԡ
ǰŮӣҶֻһ˿ů⣬Լڱжֻһû˿
ȻԼȷ˹ϵҶ֪Լ֮䣬Ѫ֮һѪһ飬Ҷ춼֪Լô¡
ˣҪŮ鳤ˣСħŮ˵û⴦оصȷһõطΪʦʵһоҪ֪ôõط˵ꡭ
ʯӵĻû˵꣬еҶܹܵĵҶ첢û˵ʲôΪ֪Լ˵ʲô֪˵ʲôõİ취ǱֳĬ
ʯӵ飬Ҷ첢ûиκˣԼļ˺ѪûиߣҶԼ˵ǾʯӲ˵
Ҫƶƾʵû˿ĿܣлƣֻҪУһ·裡
ʦĻҶٴһϲ͸ԼƹȻͬ죬ȻԽƶ
Ѫңа취ƶʱұ
Ȼ֪ƿԼƶҶбйɳ嶯ҪȥϾ֮ջֱ̫ˡ
ҪСģ
ѪûֹΪ֪⴦оضҶҪԣȻ쳣ģѪݵУΪҶκεķա
ů˲Ҷģһ§ǰİˣѪͷ֮һ£漴Ҷɿ˫ֳǰİɻɽȥ
ҶߺѪĿһǰİɻɽ漴û뵽ȻڤʣĶʺ硣
漴Ѫתͷİҹħ˵СһˣҪһ򾡣
˵֮Ѫһϵ˰ҹħıϣХһ漴ҹħһ㣬ವһӰ
ʮ֮⣬ͯһĿǰϿȣЩõ˵˵磬ȷǸСߵһһҹˣΪʲôûҵ
ͯսҲһĲˣѪȮƽʱûʧ֣һΣԼѾ׷һһҹʼûҵӰӡ
ԴϴͯԺҹͬѰ꣬Ϊһ̾Ȼһֱͣ˼顣
ҸҪǣʹĽԵޱȣȻ׽޷⣬β𾪡


082 ս
ȮѾټʮ֮Ļɽ
ͯսжʱһϲԵһֻڰװߵҲ˵ͯҲ漴¶һ˿ϲã֮еɱ˭Ҳܿĳ
϶Ѿ˵ںҪԲʲôʧѵĻ㶼ˣ
ͯԷʱһϸȻߵһ֣ͯûתѾʼƨ
ô᲻ĻȵץǸСӣҲɱֻԵͷˣ˭ǸС͵ϴ裡
ʲôʱ͵ϴˣ͵ϴġ
ŮͯȻ˵ǸС͵Լϴ裬ʱ󼱣ǵѻ˵һʱ򣬶ʱоԼ˵ĸס
˲һžϲ˺ϼ˼ɬȴ˼ޣͯͯսҲǿһ
̣ͯͯ۸ң
ǰֵһ۲գĿԼŮӸӵɬ˫ֲͣҡǰϸĸ첲
ĦǰŮӵķ˿жôϣԼ֮У˭ֻҪһܹõǰŮӵķҲá
ŻƣҶ첻֪ΪʲôָеĻӡȻеĻһ𣬶еӾȵǡ
ӡͷƿʼںϣеĻƾȻʧˣһҶľѣǺܿ
ΪʯӸԼƲûʧ֮еķӡںˣҪģƶ
ܿҶ˻ɽڣԵգҶͺоԼվڻɽһ㡣
ȥɣƶڻɽ֮У
ʯӵֳҶԺ֮УҶû˿ԥһԾɽڶʱʧҶӰӡ
ҶֻоԼһֱ½ǰľԶһ֣Ǿǻɫҽܿ죬Ҷ˫űѾء
ǰһžСɽûеҽǺһɽ޼ɽǰһͨͨд֣ƶ
û˿ԥҶ漴ͨȥΪ֪ĻƶӦͨ棬ȻͨľʱҶйɻȻһµĸо
ȻǰҲһɽȴһаɴɽ沢ûлȳ죬һƬҶ룬ǰľǱصء
Ҷܿ㱻ɽߵһŴΪһȫͨĴϰڷһľС
ԶľеʱҶ񳹵ˣŲܿƵĳǰȥҶӣһᱻһ
Ϊһ̵Ҷ죬Ȼһ㵭ɫڵڤת
һգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾ˷ľǰһ̣ҶиоԼǰľоȻһ˿ϵ
ľ֮дĸɫĴ֣սף
սףҶһ䣬ǹϵԽŨûڳɣҶ漴סľС
ʱҶԼûз֣ԼϵɫȻǰķɢɫγһ塣
һҶڴǰľУžȻһɫսףҶһ񳹵סˡ
Ϊǰս׼ֱ̫Ưˣսɢһ˿˿ɫ˵ҶҲ֪ǰսΪսס
ȡսףҶѾҲݲĶһ̣ؼֻսס
սףսףҵֽҶ죬ѵרŵҵ𣿡
ҶճյĿǰսףЩ˵ǰս׸һսףһˣһʶѡ
Ҷ漴ĴսףЦս׾Ϊһ㡣
֮ҶȻһƵģϵҲ֮˷츲صı仯漴һҶʹסԼͷڵϡ
ʱһսҶͷϣȫսҶ죬ɫʼת
һҶ˲ЩԺ֮кȻһĻĻĻ棬ЩҶȸеָ֪еİ
ܿ죬ʮŷȫݷϣҲһ̣ҶѻԣսȴʧҶϵɫȻתš
ʱʧҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҶŻתѣоԼͷҪըˣҶеһĪ
ŬĻʲôҶȴ֣ԼԺ֮УһεԼԼԽ׳һ
׷ʲô£սףҺõһսף
Ҷʱƺʲô漴վţǺܿҶʧڴϣΪôңսôҲҲˡ


083 ֮
ε̾һԴӵһμսףҶѾϲɫףһգ۵ʱȴֲˡ
Ҫ˵ԼΣҶԼţϾԱ߻Ǹս׵ľУڵĵȷȷҲˡ
ҪˣıģģǿʲôãΪʦղѾһǿķӡʦʵҲƿӡ
ҶжʱһȻ֪ԼʦʲôʵҶţԼʦʵͨ졣
ڣԼʦȴ˵йɷӡȻ޷⣬漴Ҷ첻ʵʦȻӡôǿΪʲôȴûκε谭
ΪʦҲ̫еǿйذɣҪˣڸϿƴǧ겻ĴԵ
Ҷû˿ɾʯӵĻΪûоʯӰ⿪ӡӶϹ˵ǻĵ۹һ
ǵҶƴʱжʱһΪԶƴϣû˿ĸоǵԼƴмʱ
ҶоԼһɽ֮ϣҶȴû˿ҪļϳϲãֻΨһ벻ͨǡ
ԼƨµĻƴ¶֮Ҫڻɽ֮ϣϾղԼӻɽûио˿ȸС
ûκεĳɣҶ˫ۣڵʱٵתܿƨ֮µȸ˲ʧӰ١
ܿƴ֮ϴһֱҶĵ֮ڣҶû˿ֹסԼĵ֮ڡ
ʱ֮ҶжʱһΪƴ֮ϴѾעĵҶ˿ŵ뵽һ˿Լ˲ᱬ
ڵȻڲϵתţҶڵĵ֮ղŽǹǿʼҴ
ܿ㲻ڵ֮Уǳŵ֮ĵطţֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷȫ¶ǿ
Ҷȴû˿ĵģϵϲԽŨʱؼȻĳ
˫۵Ҷ춼ĸоܵĲͬѰ֪ΪʲôҶܵĲͬкȻһļ¡
ҪģıԴ٣Ҳ֮;ϰ
Ҷ񼴽ʧصʱ򣬾ʯӵĻ˲Ժ֮Уʱйĸо
һҶмԼʦҪԼʦ˵ղԼѾˣҶȴޱȵ˷ܡ
Ϊʦ˵Ļˣ٣˵ʲô˵ԼӶתΪԼ
ܹɹתΪԼôԼﵽ֮Ȼֻ֮е׵龳磬ҶҲ˷ޱȡ
ûи˿Ĵ⣬ΪҶкףɹãɹôȴԼıֻһ䡣
ıԴڵתҶϸǹʱֱƻص˵֮С
ʱɽȻ俪һӣһɸӴĴʱӿڻƴꡣ
΢ĲǺܿ㱻ҶѹסˣأôԼԺһǿߡ
أԼҪԶʱһһţ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һֺͣһӡ
Ҷ컺˫֮ʱ˫֮Ȼž⣬һ̣Ҷϵȴ˷츲صı仯
ȻƽҶ֮Уȴ緺ˣϯƬ½ΪڿʼԼҪһʵߡ
ʮ˼Լֻ֣ǱǷԼĸҲ⣬ĸ׺Ͷ⣬Ҳû˹ĹԼ
ҶʱΪԼϣǶԻǴǵһ죬ʯӣҲҶʦʱҶʱĬĬĴ󺰣ڿʼԼҪһҪһȫ¶֪ǿߡ
ΪУߴﵽ̴Բ֮Ҫͻƿﵽֱ֮ȵ컹ѡ
ô˵Ҷﵽ֮УԺ󲻽һһǿߣΪĵ۹Ҷֻ֪ߣԼڣоǻҵڡ
վҶĶǰĻƴйɳ嶯ǱҪװǰ޼֮
ҶܿԼ֮е뷨ΪƴܹߣȴûܹػƴĶϾƴ¶ȼֱߵס


084 һ׽
Ҷ컹Ƕ뿪Ϊƴ϶ܴߣҶ첻Լù
ɽ£Ȯıӵţһֻ弶޶ĸоҪһʦĸоĶ࣬Ȯ
һ̣ͯսɫֱ˼㣬ΪȮ׷굽֮󣬱ʧȥӰһôܹһֻ弶޵׷٣ֱ˼顣
磬Ȯǲ⼸ðˣΪʲôǳë
ͯɫĿǰĻɽĴ˵⻰ͯսûжһߵŬʲôȮȻתͷ
ֻıǰӣӴȥҧһڵĳ嶯ͯʱһȻΪѾﵽ֮
ǰֻȮȴҲһֻ弶ޣȮʵȴҪǿжʱһ˲¶һ˿ֺõ顣
ûб˼ֻǵðû£ţȥǱ߿
˵ͯҲŮЦһգ۵ʱ뿪ʮ֮ԶȮصĺһ£漴ŵ
̣ͯǸĺҪ𣿡
ŮɻѣһСС꣬ΪʲôʹԼǰǿ˽ţе˼ǣͯ̾Ȼ˵ڶкҪá
Ϊ½֮֮һǿƣԼĸףҲڵһǿ
Ůʵ벻ͨһСС̣ܹһʲôӰ죬ҲǰŮӵɻ漴ϸ˵
ûκεôǸӵеһ׽ȴǶŴôѾ۲ˣʹĽӦúйء
ţ
ʱһȻ½֮󳬼ɣκ˶֪֮УȴʵΪǿһ
ŮкףĴżһܲܺŵֿҲһ㽣Ͼŵһǿ档
ĴţڣȴûһΪﵽ֮ߣˣ֮һţֱǽľˮš
ÿһȴǿʵܹǿأԵŮŵʱ򣬲İһ
пɬһЦŵʵȷʵ̫ǿˣϸε̾Ϣһ漴ٴ˵ûȻҲ֪ʹĽǲŵľѧһܹ϶Ǳһʣ
ŮûʣΪ֪ӵʵ˵˵Ȼ½طҲܹӵ֮壬Ǵ󲿷ȴǳţֲ̻ͯỳˡ
ҵˣ
ʱһֱûп˵ͯսȻվʮɿͯһϢһգ۱ֻصȮԡ
磬ղ˵ʲôǸСӵϢˣ
ĵ˵ͷͯսɫЩ̫ÿ˵ҵˣǸطʵڷ˼Ҫ˵ǣˣҪҲЩ̫ܣ
ʲôطȻȥ
ŮжʱһʲôʵˣŮӣϸͯҲǲ΢΢üͷ
ԼɣǸСӾɽ֮УҲµĲɽǴ½о֮һĻƶ벻ͨǣǸСʣҲܽƶΪﵽ֮û˿Ŀܣ
˳ͯսָķȥǰһɻɽҪ˵ɽڲվڰ֮⣬Ҳܸеɽɢ
ô죿ѵôŹǸСӣ
ǰİɻɽŻɽɢͯʱˣԼһͣȻһ̴ˣ˳𲻱ͯţԼʦ磬һ׽ٵʱ򣬾ԻΪ谭
ҪҪ˳ɹԼһ׽٣ôòҪڳ֣ʲôʱܹս㽫ܲĻԼе׽٣
ѿǰ룬ϸһ̾ԼӶţһʦһ֮ͣڣӸŵص
ϸ뿴ԼĶ֮;ϳκε⣬ͯڳֿ϶ܹ꣬Լ׽֮ʱܵ谭
ϸϣԼĶӣȵﵽ;磬ĴһʱˣôԺĵ·Ҳû˿Ļ෴ֻкô
жʱһͯƺԼĸ׵˼ת΢΢һ֮еķߺʧֻʣµһĨᶨ
͵ĵ˵ͷԼĶӹȻɫԼֻ仰еĵǰ;޿


085 ʱ
ԭڵˣʲô
ʱȻһޱȵͬʱת֮󣬳Ů⣬˵񶼱ˡ
ѵл
ǰˣѪɫޱ䣬ҶһıֱˣħǴ½֪һʵ
ѪĹȵѪʥŮ
ͯ϶ʱһǿɱֻּҪħˣɱ⣬ԥʲô
ĵĿһǰӣѪĿһۣ˵һССҲﶪۣɱ㣬һҵ֡

ͯΪһľӢȻ˵ģʲôʱ˸˵仹ħˡ
ͯ׼֮ʣһˣ״磬ΪѾﵽʦͯսһ磬ǰľŮӼȥ
Ѫֻ֮һ˿ģһǰʦֻһЦϾʦ֮ǲԽġ
ڵ֮ʱתһѪɫ֮ʱȥһգ۵ʱѾͼͯսײһ
ͯսȥĿ죬Ҳ죬Ѫûɱ֣ϾǰһλͬʵϷ򣬲Ѫл˼ɡ
Լؿڣһ˿Ѫ˳ǻ£˻صͯ𾪲ѣΪѾ֪ǰŮӣȻһǿ
ʵܺģͯΪһľӢô׷ˣͯ׼֮ʱϸס
óˣ㲻Ķ֣ϲĵɣʮûгˣҲ֪Ϲͷܲٴ򣡡
ʱһֱûп˵ϸҲͯսĸ˳ǰѪŮӣϸ̾һ
ͱѾﵽ磬⣬ʮ֮ھﵽ֮ûпܣǰŮⷢչȥ

ֻ֣Ѫһ̵ȴΪܹоĵǰϸҪԼΪߣѾȫϴѾﵽ
̣ͯһ
ŮӺȻ˵֮û¶˿飬ǺܿѪϸתƵ˺Ůϡ
һܺã
Ѫ˵⻰ʱ򣬲֪еʲôȴû˿¶ʱѪˣ׵ĳˡ
ϸȴû˿ľȣƺ֪ǰŮͻȻһ㣬漴û˿ĳɣϸڵ֮ٵתҲ漴ǰȥ
ɰԵ֮ʱײһĶսǸղǰ㣬ͯսѪĶսֻһɱˡ
ȴͬͬʱ֣ôСֵͯҲ˱ᣬֻŮȻĿǰˡ
ڵŮӣѾղǰƽΪѾǰڶսŮӣʵȻܹͯ࿹⡣
Ȼֻһ֮еʵȴ֮𣬾ŮӰԼҪҪ֮ʡ
ԶȻһӰ֮죬ΪѾﵽ֮ŮӶһ
ǵŮӿӰʱ˲¶һ˿ΣĻиղŵһ˿䡣
ٵǰҶû˿ԥѪֱ֣һ֣˲˳ȥ
жʱһΪϸӰûп壬ѾʧѪӰһΪѾﵽôԾ
ʱգû뵽ΪȻﵽ֮ͯ˵ĺܶԣҲҪ

ŮӵĻϸôҲţղŴԼоħŮľȻҪҵˣﵽ֮ϸôҲš
Ȼڵڵӣ඼ﵽ֮ҪԼʦ£ܰȫͻƿﵽ֮
ϸţ겢û˵İôƾԼﵽ쾳磬ҪǸţôϱȻӵ
̣ͯղſǸʹʲô𣿡
ϸҡҡͷΪ³ͻȻһǿҲûü˱Ѿʧԭء
ϸţԼ΢Щ׼˰ٷ֮ٴԼӲ
Ʈ첽
ڵƮ첽𣿡
ϸû˿ľȣһ˿֪ı飬ֱŮٴε˵ͷϸϵɫޱѿ
ǲǸСŵĵӣǾͲ׷ˣ
׷ҲҪ׷ϣǲŵĵӣǶҪţã


086 Ʈ
жʱһϲͯԼ֪ŵĵԺ󣬴ŹǸСӡ
ȻѾͨŲͣȻ֮䲢ûзʲô£еĶԹԹһʱ֮Ҳ˵
ǲ֮ʲôԹڲòϣµһ󳬼ţһʵԺɨڡ
һõµӸе֣˽µĵô֣ɵϲȴల£׽͸
ŵƮ첽Ϊʵ̫ͣ޷ͳǵģȥ׷ʱסħŮԳ֣ҪǸСӣ
ϸŮӶûзԣ漴һֻȮٵĳʧķȥ
ҶѪС֣һֱǰţƮ첽Ѿӵ˼£ճɽڵʱ򣬺ȻԶȻڴ򶷡
ۿȥҶʱһΪԶ򶷵ľȻѪоǲǰ͵Լϴ裬ǻˡ
Ҷû˿Ŀǣֱ׼ǰȥѪȴʯסˣͨʦܣԭϸŮӣΪﵽ֮
ҶʱйƤڲһУǲô˵ǰǵɽ𺣣ԼҲҪȥ
ʯӽһƮ첽ҸԼֻҪ䲻⣬ʹƮ첽ҲᱻԼһ
տʼҶ컹ţϾʲôèǺܿҶʦĻ
ҶĿһۣȷû׷֮󣬲һСϪͣѪȴһЦĿԼһ仰˵
Цʲô
ҶûȥܺŮӣСϪߣںСϪ֮еϪˮȻʦƮ첽ȳѪ
ֻҶ֪ϸûע⣬ԼҪһȳһˣֱȵ컹Ҫѡ
ʱĥǹҶʯ˵Ʈ첽£ֻܿһõĵӰһȴƤëûдﵽ
֪𣬴С򵽣ҵһθоȫУҲᵽʲôаȫУȻΪֻһ飬ҵУȴһǿߣܹҴȫеǿߣ
ѪҲߵСϪߣĿǰĺ꣬һ̣ѪкȻһָоԼǰ꣬ǿĴڡ
΢΢һҶ첢û̧ͷȻСϪ֮еˮȴѾˣһ̵Ҷ죬֮¶һ˿ᡣ
ҵĹ𣿡
ҶֹͣˮվһɾĴ󵭵һ䣬ѪȴһϲΪ֪һǰĽԼ
û˿ԥѪ漴Ҷߣ˫ȴǰĹ£΢΢һ̾漴Ҷ㽲
䲻֪ʱҶͽʱѪҲʱڴڼ䣬Ѫû˵һ䣬ͬҲûʹһ䡣
ҵĹ¾Щ㾫𣿡
ò׽ˣѪֱԣ޲ǰһֱȥźãֿܸڡ
ǰǷ𣿡
ҶԼĹһһʮȫѪʱ֮ҲûʲôѪһû˿⣬ֱʵ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ˵Ҫҵʦ˵ڼңһ˶ķ
ѪסҶ죬΢ŭĿǰ꣬˵Ժ˵Լһ𣿡
ǰգŮɢĵ㣬ҶȥʱƬȵĴһ
ͦȵҪҪҰæ
ʱһЦ˵յЦʱڹͶ룬˶֪
Ҫ֪ѪΪѾﵽֻ֮ҪǱΪߵߣһӲĸо
Ҷȴ˿ĻţٴѪһ£Żվ˵ˣѪɫ΢Ҳվ
û뵽Ѫ޲еŮȻˣǳϣ
վҶǰһ׷ߣһŸȴʵ䣬վƬضںϵһ
㵽˭Ϊʲô֪Ҹ
жʱһѪϳȵĿǰİ׷ߣߵʵʵҸΪҪǣ߾Ȼ֪ĸףѪĹȵĹһǿ
ѪĹȹѪ޲еĴô֪ܲأСħŮ۹Ⱑ
ߵĻҶϲûгκε飬ΪѾ֪ѪѪĹȹŮȻѪ䣬ôܴﵽ֮


087 ɷ
ȻҶûκεľȣѪȴһȻ׵˽֪֪ȴǷëǡ
Ѫҿ϶ǰİ׷߾Բһˣ漴ʵ֪ǰγƺ
ôһСħŮϷѾˣ˶ϲɷħۡ
ɷħۣ
ߵĻ䣬Ѫ漴ɫ𺳣΢΢Ĳһ£ǰʲôһ㡣
Ҷ쵽ǾޱȣѪʵʲôģ֮һ֮УǷëǡ
ǰİ׷֮ʱѪȴֵ𺳣Ҳǿеǣһ˿ƮԺ֮С
ΪֻҪﵽʦ֮ɹһ׽٣߱Խ괫Ǵ˫򲻿֪Ҳԡ
ɷħħǰһΪɲ⣬ݸ˵ɷħۺ͹ħۣϳɷǣһ⣬˾ȻӲ֮һıȫ뿪Ӵɷǵ˲û뵽ˣҸ˵ɷǵΪѾֱ澳磬ԡ
ѪĻҲҶжʱһɷħۣħۣħ۵ΪѾﵽ֮ﵽ澳硣
Ҷкħжôǿ֮УҶѪ˵ҲֻŵŴﵽ֮
ֱһ̣ҶĿһǰߣʵû뵽ǰòİ׷ߣȻһλǿڡ
ʱЦЦ쳹أ漴ɷĶǰһһŮϵϢ˲任һεѹѹȥ
жʱһȻҶѪʵܲϳѾõħ۾ɢѹôýסġ
ֻһ˲Ĺ򣬲ѪҶҲ΢΢˺ۿűҪֲ֧סˣѪϾ磬ҪҶĵֿǿܶࡣ
ѪֻоԼڵЩʧ֣˶ûг֣ΪԷʵ̫ǿˣףǳ֣Ҳһ
˿ҪֲסʱǹɰԵޱȵѹʱʧӰ٣ɷٴЦ
ܲȻǵʵڻܵͣǼʱգǰ;
ɷ֮гͣҶȴû˿ЦԸ߸ղһ£ѾǵȻûд󰭣һʱҲ
СħŮԸΪʦҵĵӡ
ûзӦ֮ʣǰɷȻֹͣЦʱҶ챻ʱĵ岽֮Զ
ղ˵ʲô
Ѫɫ͵ĿǰʵȻΪѪĹȹŮѪĹȵѪʥŮΪǴﵽ硣
ǰİ׷ȴһΪﵽ֮ħǰѪ벻ͨǣλɷħۣȻҪΪͽβѪľ
ϷԵΪͽԸԸ⣿
ѪûдӦҲûзԣֻվԭؿǰߣҶʱˣĺ¼ֱû¸ˡ
ĿһѪʱһѣ漴û˿ĳɣڵϳǰ߹Ŀͷһʦ
ããã
ɷٴοЦ漴һεѪӵϷһɷѪǰǰŮӣɷֱԽԽϲ
㸸Ȼȥ˵ĸĲ꣬˵֮Դﵽ֮
ллʦǵȴߣΪ
ɷѪ۹⿴ȥжʱˣЦſǰĵӣ漴˵ҲôģҸʱ䣬֮ʦȥѪĹ㣬ʱ͸ңʲôʱﵽ۾磬ʲôʱ뿪Ϊʦ
жʱһϲѪ漴˵ллʱԶٵļĵӰŮ漴Ҷǰ
ǵ׷ĺܿ𣡡
Ѫǰˣ֮еı˭ҲܿóҶʱҲ֪ѪǰͬĿǰˡ
ȻŵĵӣΪʲôҪħһѵѳ
ϸվǰ棬ŲԶĺ˵Ҷȴɻѣ֪Լʲôʱŵĵˡ
ҶеȻ֪֮һ˵֮УŵʵΪǿһʵɨκһɶ׾ٵ顣
ȻҲ֪˵ʲôҿԸһ£ҲŵĵӣҺħһ𣬲ǵ¡


088 ݺ
ҶĻϸɫʱһֵͯԼŮӣҲ¶һ˿ŭ
֪ղ˵֮ҪǱ֮Ҳû֮أ
һ̾ϢϸȻĵ˵Ҷ˵ʲôŮһʼ͵ϴ裬Ȼһ·׷ɱʼҶԼ
СӣҪֺݶ
䣬ͯսˣΪﵽʦͯսһĳǰȥǻûеһ룬㱻һεֶסȥ·
ͯսһɰԵķ֮˲䷴֮漴˲ţһ̣Ŀһǰߡ
ղ֣
ͯսЩ˵ȴûٳ֣Ϊ֪ǰİ׷߾һɲܹƾ־ͰԼҲܡ
Ҫ֣ҪҰͽߣҪѪʲôʧȫᶼǿԳˡ
ɷһ֣վԭ׼ֵѪ˲ɷԣѪô޷Լǹε֡
ʦʲô˼Ҷֻһ飬ôܴùǣ
ĥ³÷Կຮ
ɷߵݸҶһ漴ԵѪ֮Զ˼Բ֮Ҳܡ
ͯս˵ʲôȴһԵϸֹȻ֪ԼĸΪʲô֣ͯս֪ǰߣĸҲƺܼɵ
ҲԴСħ˹ᣬͲҪ²ˣ
ͯսûȥߣȻߵΪɲ⣬ôҲûȤħСħŮҲǷҪ֮ԡ
ǰȴһʣƮ첽ץ꣬һŵĵӣôͿ԰¡
ͯսͯǰ㣬ĸ׵˼Ѳ³вûɱ⣬ֻץڡ
˵ĹûʣҪսսôϻ
޼Ǭ
䣬ҶѾˣΪﵽ쾳֮ҶǬҲʱһ¥ȻȻʮŵýӰ
ʱýӰѾۣʮŵýӰ˲ƿնȥȻ֪ľ
ǵٴʹʱͯսһ£ۼɵǬǰĴ
Ҷ컹ûдﵽ֮ʱƾΪѾﵽ֮ͯҶΪﵽ֮
Ȼͯս֮ĲȻޱ֮󣬵ͯսҲҷɣ˲ͯսȡһɫ˲㳯ǰնȥ
Ϊﵽ;磬תΪΪﵽʦ֮󣬱Լһ׽٣Լ֣ɾԼ
ͯսԱԣɾ͵Եͯսת׾ʱ򣬻ºһ˿˿׵֮˸
ͯսͷųĽոҶǬʱһصؼ䣬ռ֮г˽
ҶϾΪ̫ˣȻѾﵽ֮ʦ֮ĲȴһԽĺ蹵
һ˿ʱӡ֮ϣҶʱɫתףǿڷѪҶ֮ȴû˿⣬֮¶һǿս⡣
ʮŵӰɢʮ˵ӰһǴϰͯսǰ˲Ҳӡͯս֮ϡ
ͯսϾһǿʦһΪɲ⣬ڵһУֻ֮ϣŮӱеһ
ǬʧʱͯսٴγˣϸŮӣѪɷڣѿͯսˡ
ҶʹĽ˺ͯսȻƲأһǿʦȻһոմﵽ龳ˣͯսܽܵġ
һ̣ҶĿżͯսȴܶһ£ȻҲͯսԼҲ˺صơ
ҶǷﵽ֮ʵôǿ󣬱ϾǰĶһǿʦ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ҶȻͯսһڵѾȫѹƣڿ¾һߣҲ׽նɱ
սס֣
ɱˣ
ϸд󼱣һѪҪ֣Եʦɷӡסڵֻ֮ܿͯս˫ӡϺš
Ѫһ̱˫ۣξˮ۽䣬ҶոమΪʲôҪộȻôҪԼ˵
ѪòģӺúޣһ̣ѪаԷģԼպһҪڣȻ׷Ҷȥ


089 ɱ֮
ǲѪôޣѾˣΪô˵ͯսһʦҪնɱһ飬ֱû˿Ŀʧܡ
ͯսһЦȻû˿նɱǰԸǲһ˿ѵƽ⡣
ʱͯս˫ӡҶ֮ϵʱҶϺȻһɫսףҶ컹Ǳ˲ˡ
ʮ֮Զһ̵ҶȻվţɫȴǲ԰׵ˣͯսһŵĿǰ꣬սѾʧ
ԼһжôǿͯսԼǰȻסˣ겢ûе¡
Ҳһ̣ͯսɱģٴγǰ꼤ȥת֮еı֮Զļ˶ܸоĵ
Ҷ쿴żӣڵôת޷תֻܿԼ䡣
Ǿͯս˫ּӡҶ֮ʱһεʱͯս˻ȥʱɷѪҶǰ
͵ΪֹɣǼϿ뿪ȥ˵ɷħյģպҪڶҾɱڣ߰ɣ
ɷħۣ
ͯսԶϸŮӶһ𺳣Ͼɷǵͷʵ̫ˣҲԶ
ãԭɷǰξ͸ǰһӣߣ
ǰİ׷߾Ȼħɷħۣϸľѣɷǳ꣬һΪɲ⣬ܶԸġ
Ҫ˵Լˣ¾ڴˣҪǰ߹ģû˿ĳɣѸٵ뿪
Ҷ죬û°ɣ
ǰɫ԰ֽ꣬ѪĶ쾾һˣǿһʦȼĲ࣬ʲôֲġ
ҡҡͷҶЩ˵û£ںܿģΪʧȥĶֳˣȻҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻʧΪʲôͻȻ֣֪һ£û뿪ҡ
ս׳ֵһ̣Ҷв֪ΪʲôȻһָоǾֻҪսױԼҪ˵һʦҲܻɱԼ
Сӣһ⣬Ҫʵشңͷĺ
ʱɷȻǰĿǰĺ꣬û˸ղŵЦʱʱɢһ˿ɱ
ʦ
죬·ͬСɣСӣղֵսǲΪսף
жʱһԼϵսףǰİ׷ߺʶĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˿
ɫʱһɷ漴ɴٴʵôõս׵ģ
Ҷͬû˿漴ԼôƶôõսһһʮȫǰߣеĻƣȴû˵ʲô
ǰĻɷ׳ĬˣѪȴҶ£һĵĿǰ꣬˵ʹ
ҪǲӦһ£
ѪҶ֮ʣɷȻ˵ĵ˵ͷΪҶ֪ɷǲẦԼϾ֮仹һ˵ĴڣǱѪ
ӵս׵飬ҺѪ֮⣬ҲҪ͵˵һǼ϶֪ӵսףңҲס㣡
жʱһ漴Ѫʵʦô£ҶϵսĻɱ֮𣿡
Щǲֻ֪Ҫסһ£ǳӵ㹻ԱʵǧҪñ֪ӵս׵飡
ʦﵽôľӵԱʵ
֮
Ȼɷ˵ֻĸ֣ǲѪɫ԰׵Ҷ죬ҲǶʱһǶ֮ʲô
ȫ½֮ϣ֮УֻΪﵽ֪֮Ҫﵽ֮ǶôĲܡ
ʦҪﵽ֮ǲ̫ʵˣһ⣬ﵽ֮𣿡
ħҥɷλħۣΪѾͻ֮ﵽ澳磬ɷȴûκεıʾûзҲûбʾͬ
Ϊʦ֮ǰոͻ֮ﵽһ澳磬ǼϼһҪǳ֣û˿İȡʤպҪԼˡ
ɷǰܹһ𣿡
ʰɣ
ս׵ʲôǰ˵ļϼһǲɺߵ
Ҷ쾭ѪˣѾ˽㣬ɫҲѾ˶٣漴վǰʵ
Ȼõսףô¸ҲûʲôϵҪӦң²õĸ֪


090 ս
Ҷ쵱ȻȻ֪ͬΪʲôһ̺Ȼ֪ս׵һУ¶вϧ
ӵеսףǧ֮ǰһλӵеսףλߺֻһ֣ս졣
ս죬ҶֵʱԺ֮кȻһ£һҶȴ޷ץסеκһ档
սԲѾﵽ֮ǱΪʥ֮µһˣսΪ˹ڸ߰ɣħĴţħͬʱ֣λֽѹҶϵսףǵսʵĻսףһսס
Ǹɷ˵꣬Ҷܹĵһսսһ֮սʹʵĳ档
ȻŴѹսʣȴûнնɱΪսͷԱӶŴûа취ֻѹսʵ֮
ҶѪĬˣΪλսǵ飬һ֮սŴʣ˭ܵ
ʦȻսǰѾŴѹΪʲôսֻᱻҶڻƶõ
ΪʦҲ֪֪ΪʲôҪԼս𣿡
ѪҶͬʱҡҡͷʾ֪ҶƺµʲôȴţҪǰ㣬ôսʵ̫ˡ
֮Լս֣ΪҪսʤԱΪս죬ħΪսʣ
ȻȻҶѲµǵǰ˵֮ʱ̲ס󾪣ȶǣֱ˼㡣
ʦ˼˵õѹսʵľʷ֣Ҷսսףô˱Ҷʹɱ֣
ûŸϲĶսǺ֮ǣֻҪսϵĶ˭ֻҪӵж⵽ǵɱҶӵս׵飬Ҳκ֪
Ѫɫʱһ漴ɴʵʦղڵ˶Ҷ֣ѾҶӵս׵飬һ
ɷħ۶ʱЦ漴˵ǼʵҶϵսףǵսʵսףҵսʱŴѹ飬ֻ֪ʱõġ
ѪһȻǵĿһ꣬ϾѾ֪սʲôʱ֣ҶܹԼյġ
ǰսǰѹʲôط
ʱһֱûп˵ҶͻȻʵѪһֵĿһۣ֪ҶΪʲô⡣
λսôҲԼ˵飬ҶõսʵսףҲûκεĹϵ
սŴʿһսսܣŴѹսʷףսʷܱŴ·ӡܴﵽ֮򲻿ܽʷ壡
˵ɷĿһǰ꣬ѪԼʦ񣬱Ѿ³˸š
Ҷ죬ǲȥսʷ壿
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˿֪սʵ֮󣬲֪ΪʲôֺǾսʷĺ
Ȼֺ翣ҶкԼȥһսʷ壬ôľԶõһܿµ顣
ΪʲôҪȥ
Ҳֻ֪֪һ飬սʷұȥȥɣ
ˣ¾͵ΪֹɣȥսʷĻͱԼʵǿҪﵽ֮У
ҶҲɷħ˵˼ԼȲﵽ֮ʷ嶼ȥҪ˵ʷˡ
ϷеҪ֮СħŮңҾȥѪĹԺ㸸Ҫˣ𣿡
ҪߣѪ֮¶һ˿ᣬ˳ĵ˵ͷѪЩϸ˵ʦСģ֮һ׼ʱʦġ
ãʦͽ֮ټ
䣬ɷѾʧԭأֻһ˿˿ڿռƮ
Ҫȥսʷ𣿡

Ӧңûдﵽ֮ʱ򣬾ܶһȥսʷ壬𣿡
жʱһů˹Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴˵Ȳ˵ˣȻƳǣ׼ȥʲôطѪĹ𣿡
֪ΪʲôһҶȴЩ᲻ãвᵫȴ˼˵
ǴѪĹȣΪһ֮ħ֮УұȥһȥԸ𣿡
ǰŮ˫ڴҶʵڲľܾ΢΢һ̾ǴӦѪҪһѪĹȡ


091 ħ֮
İ˴ӦԼһѪĹȣѪжʱϲ漴Ҷ֣һǰȥ
ҶҲûɽȻǹɺûҵҶףڵˣս׻Ҳʲô³
Ҷ׼ԼպʱɽҵǹɺԼܿ˱߳ɽ
֮Ҷһǧɴɽ֮⣬ǰֻһɽ壬ɽ嶼һѪã
ѪĹȾɽߣǽȥɣ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ҶѪĳǰɽȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱ɽߡ
ɽߵľǰߵľֱȣɽ߼ֱ˼ɾһɽȣ˻ľַһ
ûκεͣ漴ٵһѪɫ֮ڣаɵĴҶа̾һɵȷɡ
ʱ򣬴֮ںȻӰһѪɫӣߣòҶҲ֪λ˭
Ѫγȥô
Ůȥͼˣ
ӣѪ¶һ˿Цݣֱ
ŮӵĻѪ޲ɫʱһЩʵô£
Ѫ漴ѹ׷ɱ飬һһʮȫ˵˳Ѫ޲ֵʱɫѾ˼㡣
һڣ
˵֣漴Ѫ޲пվڴмĺ꣬ʵҵŮ
ȻҶѲµǰӾѪĸףѪĹȹѪ޲УһΪѾﵽ֮
ûҾѪ
һ飬䣬ܹӵд˵ʵҲ㲻ףȻҵŮô˵һҾ㡣
Ŀһǰ꣬Ѫ޲жϵĲ豭һڡ
Ѫû˵ϾŮӣһЩҪڣǰĺ꣬Ѫ֮¶һ˿ڴ
ȢѪΪޣ
ʲôղ˵ʲô
ҶĻ䣬Ѫ޲лû˵վҶߵȻվԵѱΪĩɫǳ˷ŭ֮顣
Ѫ޲ǱĿһվԼԵŮѪɫȴ漴Ѫ޲ٴοǰ꣬ʵ˵Ұ첻
ӵĻشҶ첢ûие˿ľȣҪӴӦԼ֣ȻѾﵽ֮һǰʲôǡ
ҪôܴӦȢѪΪޣ
ܣСӣҪУСĳԶ˳ű
Ȼߣһɢһǿɱǰĺ꣬ûѪ޲ڴˣ߱Ҫˡ
˭
ҶתǰߣʵڲףԼѪ޲ףΪʲôǰȴٰӣҿƺҪɱһ
ѪĹȵĳϣѪ죬ߵѪĹȵһϣѪ޺ۣѪĶѪǰףȻǸûдӦҲûзϡ
ѪʱԺ֮УҶˣԼΪûдﵽ֮괫
ҶҲףΪʲôǰ߻һԼѪ޲ףһŭӣ޲ɱԼС
ҵݻֲֻ֪Ҫ֪һ¾УѪѾҵĶϱ㻹ǲҪˡ
жʱЦһҶ첢ûпǰһۣǿǰӣ˵ֻ֪ҪôӦȢѪ
㡭
Ѫϣ»ɡ
Ѫ컹˵ʲôѾѪĹȳϣҲ˼ĵ˵ͷѪû˵ҪܹɱˣôҶ챣֤ԼѾߵɱǧٻˡ
ܹҵõһұѪ޸㡣

Ѫϣзִ硣
Ѫ޲еɫѪ쿴ɫʱŵ죬ǰʵݣ
ȻѪĹȵĳϣֻҪԸ⣬նɱѪĹҲκε顣
ʲôֻҪܹȢѪΪޣҶӦ˵ɣʲô
źԥӦ꣬ѪижҪޣһ̣ѪѾ֪ԼһѾǰ˵ӣһһı䡣
һ֮󣬱ħ֮Ű꿪ӣֻΪ֮µ߲ſԽ룬ĴħһֻܽˣѪĹĸ֮Уһһ
֮ħȻȡһ


092 ħ
͵Ŀһǰĺ꣬Ѫ޲漴˵ħ֮Ű꿪һΣһΣǼʼûеõֻҪѪ˭ܹõǼôҵŮͼ޸˭
ǰҪħ֮ȡʲô
ħ񣡡
ĵ˵ͷҶ¶ģôħԼһҪõҪȢѪΪޣ˭Ҳ޷ıġ
ܺãȥɣѪҪѪĹĳ̣ϣܹﵽ֮һ֮һȥħ֮š
˵֮Ѫ޲кѪŮ˲ʧڴ֮ڣѪ컺ǰϸ΢˵һ֮󣬽ɱ㣬˸һ£Ϊոմﵽһ֮
䣬ѪĹͬʱʧڴ֮УֻҶһ˶վڴ֮ϣʧ˵ˡ
ĺǿ𣿡
֮ҶԼƳǣܿ죬ҶҵֵܲܣǵҶֵܵʱ򣬱˵һ
·ãֻȦ߸ߵĹ۾ϣϵ˺ۣ˵ǱҶĻǲǱ˴ˡ
ôˣֱɽ˰ɣ
һƾɵĳϣǰˣҶɫЩ΢ϾǰǾˣڵӣֱƦå
үԴǽƳ֮󣬳ÿֹ컹ҪֿҰĲɧţ򾫱µʱ䣬Ѿʧ˽һ룬ȥ
ʲô˵һ顣
ոµҶ죬Ȼٴվɫ˲ıޱȣʿԼֻ˲µʱ䣬Ȼʧ˽һ룬βŭ
ֵܼûи˵֪Ϊʲô˸оǰ꣬ǰЩһˣʲôطһҲ޷˵
һҶһƨ£ݺݵĿһǰˣܳʱ䶼ûлǿһǧ²ʱȫʧ˴½ϡ
ô£
Ҷ쾡ס֮мĻɽֵܼܻǸоһǿŭ
֮ǰǽƳǣÿһ˶үķԸûжƳǾһһľ֮ÿҹǵʿͻʧʮʮʱƣǵʿҲԽԽ٣ֱϣѾʧ˽һǧʿ
Ҷûв廰ɫԽԽһ꺮һ㣬ܹ֮ܵɢıϢ
ôŪӣ
үǰϷҰͻȻϮƳǣֿҰڱǴˣǡǡ
ʲô
Ҷ̲סеķŭһԵӣÿһ䶼һţֵܼ˲ɫתף֮ԶҲͣס
֮
ʱһŵĿǰĺ꣬һʲôĵ۹ҲԲᳬߡ
ٴһҶŬƽٴ˵ô£һ˵ꡣ
ǣү
ǰҰͻϮƳǣǷ𷴻ȻǳɹĴҰ壬Ҳʧȥ߰ʿ
Ҳ˵ڻ߰ˣ𣿡
ҶûжŭһӱһƵģֵܼкǰԽôеķŭѾһʰĵز
ĵ˵ͷûٸ˵һʧ˽ǧ˵Ϊʱָӣʧְǲɱġ
ǿ֪Ұʲôʱ
Ұһǧˣӳȥֻٲһ֮ʱ˵֮ǻʱ̤ƽƳǡ
Ǻã֮ҵҪҰ壬Ҫ飬ҵɱʿ֡
ү֪ÿҹкǵ˭
жʱһԼү֪ɱʿ˭һ
ȻҲ֪ҲһߣҰǸղ˵һҵҪһһǧˣǵҪô
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ʵѲµߣΪΪﵽ֮ߣſǧ֮ȥ磬һûܹ
Ҳ֪ߣȴû˿İ취ΪУЩ߶ֻһЩϰˡ
һ̲һˣǰ꣬ǰȫ۹۹ҶҷھȻɾ֮һֵܶץˡ


093 ڤ
һʱתۼֵܼվһʯǰǰʯݣв֪үڸʲô
ѾһʱˣҶʯݱûгֻǸǶˣа취ԷҰ塣
磬˵үʯʲô
֪
Ŀһۣ漴ϵһ֧С֦֪ڵһʲôʱǰʯڿ֨һ߳һλꡣ
ͻȻֵ֣ܼæǰȥΧǣϾ֮ҰٴνƳǣʱҪôֵ
Ҹʱ䣬ǱҪͼֽϵĶȫʲôסÿһһٸ֮ҪɲˣԼȥι¿ɡ
У˰˶ټȫںõĵ£Ҷһ˻ôߡ
˵֮Ҷ쿴ûпǰһۣ뿪ʯǰֵܼܿͼֽϣ֮ʲô֮ɫˡ
磬үǲǱҰŪͿˣֱֱǲܵ飡
죬үȻȥѾеȫټһҪ֮ڸЩһҰ޻أ
Ȼܲݲ֪Լүôˣ޶۵ֻӣٴο˿еͼֽһ̣ү
ҹɫܿ콵٣ҶһվƳǳǽ֮ϣǰ޾գ֪һҶʲô
ÿҹ޹ʧֻԼһʧܣƽȴûһʧ٣Ҷ췴
ϣ߰ʿȫһӴ֮Уʮʲôֵܼһʱʱĸߺ
ѣȻ˾ͳɣعģ
û뵽һССƳȻһߣҲҪˣߵǺܺóԵġ
䣬ԶһɫӰɫӰ¹ĳ£Ե쳣Ŀֲɭһ顣
Ҷ֮û¶һ˿ɫëûգһ£ĮĿźܿǰɫӰҶֻЦһ
һ飬Һþûд󲹹ˣ¾Ʋˣ
˵֮һɭЦʱ쳹ƳǣЦʱп棬Ƴǵ׶ЦԱŵ۴ޡ
ΪʲôҪɱҵʿ֮ûʲôԹɣ
ǰɫӰҶԽԽ䣬ʵʰݺݵļǰӰϣɢһӴɱ
֮ûʲôԹҾӣҲ֪һӾͻҳԣҾץЩͣⲻְɡ
һɭЦȻҶ쿴ǰɫӰòȴܹµóǿ϶һޱȶĵ
µ˼˵ҵЩ¶Ǳˣ
ܴڲ֪ΪʱӣƳǵ˶Ϊҵͣڣ

ڵڤתһ̵ҶѾﵽ˷ŭ㣬ڤ˲Ƴǵĳǽ
жʱϹǰĺ꣬в֪ΪʲôȻһ˿⣬ݺݵ˦Ժ֮е𺳣ô˵ҲһǿĶ顣
Ƴǳǽ֮ϵɫӰǵհҹڤɱɽկʱ򣬺ȻֵϹǸʳζϹ
Ҫһ˵Ϲʣµɽ䶳ʲôʱʲôʱڣЩҶ첢֪
޼Ǭ
ʮŵýʱҶǰԲηλٵתţԴҶΪﵽ֮ʹǬҲʲôӰ۶ɵĽ
ʱҶתڤʹĽڤڤаһа֮Ŀǡ
Ҷһʱıڤڤֵһ̣ǽ֮ϺȻĽ˲նɱ̡
ٴοǹԽǿȻΪѾﵽ֮ǰĺֻһһ顣
ǲ֪ΪʲôϹоָоǾǰʵԲֹһӵеʵ
û˿ԥһϹ˲ת׼ȥҶѾɱģôȥʮŵڤ˲伤
һϹɫڱˣͺѪɫ϶ʱ԰ֽȻڤûߣϹȻܹӽϸܵһɱ֮
֪ʲôˣɱңڲŹģ
һ̵ϹˣûʲôʱоԼ˵ĽһԼһ㡣


094 
жʱЦһҶûȥɫӰŭڤ˲䴩͸壬ʮŸСʱϹϡ
û˿ⷢϹ建ĵȥҶ׼ȥһʱһɫӰ˲Ʈ
ÿ
Ҷа̾һɫӰƮʱ򣬵ϵʬѾʧ
Ҷܹ϶ɫ˵һһߣҲпһΪﵽ֮ߡ
СӣȻϹȣҲӦýնɱҲ£Ϲʦһ֣һǿʦΪ֮ɡ
ʱ򣬸ոնΪϹʬ׵Ӱʱڳǽ֮ϣ˵ģòҶҲ֪һŮӣһ֮Ůӡ
Եȣʣ
ŮҪ뿪Ҷʱʱͣ½ŲһʬףŮӵòڱ¶¹¡
ȻҶϵǰһ޶˵ŮӣǣŮӵòʱǱŮ˵Ľ⡣
һ˫͸˿˿⣬µʱʱ͸¶һǵĸУֻҪһ񣬾ܹӵһ
ʲô¿ʣ
ŮӵЩ䣬ʮصϹкҶݺݵҧԼһͷһжʱȫ
һΪҶѾ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻԭǰŮʹľȻĹȻ統ȣǸңŵʹĹҲࡣ
֪СΪʲôҪЩ
Ҳ΢΢һȣԼĹжԵˣǰһһ顣
ǰ꣬һһ龳ߣȻ˲նɱϹһֵסԼĹʵиеһ˿˼顣
ûΪʲôʦǿܶԸģȰ㻹Ǿ뿪Ƴǰɣڲڣһ֮ڱض
䣬Ů˲һתʧ޾ɫУֻһĺɫȻصڳǽÿһ䡣
£ʵ㲻һڣΪʦû˵һʦ̫ѶԸ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵʱҶԺ֮УʦҶжʱһϲϾܶԼǲ֪ġ
£ֺѪĹУһ뵽׷ɱѪҶڶԹڱ˷ŭ
ʦʲô취սʤһʦ
ΪʦҲѾ㽲ÿʵ֣Ϊﵽ֮㼯Լڣ뵤֮ڣγ֮ɹԼĵһ׽֮ʱôԼԣʦΪʦ̸Ǭڵʵһֽɣ
ʦҲ˵ѾӵԼ
Ҷжʱ˷ܵһ˵ǶôҪֻӵԼôлһ硣
Ϊʦֻ˵ʣǺȣֱ
ʦĻҶʱйƤһ㣬Ҳһʦһ֮ĲൽжôĴ
㲻ûģľʼϾֻҪܹ䲻⹥ޱһʦҲǲսʤģôսʤҪԼˣΪʦҲﲻ㣡
˵֮󣬾ʯӱʧȥټҶôлʯӾͺʯһ㣬ʧӰ١
վڳǽ֮ϣž֮ϵİҶв֪ʲôΪĲҲԽԽһ㡣
ӵߵɽկ֮һڣħ֮еѪĹڣֳһڡ
ʵĲߣĶҲԽԽǿǿ˹аϹмֵĲ֪ޡ
ŶֵԽԽǿҶҲһҪȥͱҪԼʵ
ֻԼӵǿʵſӵ˵ȨʱҶͻȻһǿս⡣
Ҳ죬Ҫɾǿߣ㿴Űɣһһ죡
ҶȻ̧ͷž֮ϵ󺰵Ƴǣصھ֮Ͼþ޷ɢȥ
²һ£һֱ۴ֵ׵֮˲£֮ϵ˲ʧȻܲ׵֮ʱƳǵͷ֮ϡ
ôŭ㻹ӣȴֹĲֻأһҲڲ


095 ׾
ڴˣһ֣ᷢһ̵ҶһƵģŭڴˣҲ
Ƴǵľ֮ܲ׵֮·վڳǽ֮ϣȻŭҶȥ
Ҷû漴ٵĳž֮ϼȥҲʱҶϺȻһ׵֮
֮ϵ׵֮Ҷ֮ʱȻҶɢ׵֮ںһ𣬵ǺܿȴҶյĸɸɾ
Լ˰ʱң֮ϵܲŻɢȥʧ¹˾ƿ֮ϡ
һ͵ɫҶ»ص˳ǽ֮ϣһ̵ҶѾȫˣ֪緢ʲô顣
ɫգƳǺϴһǧٿףȻѾʿʹȻǴȻʱű
Ҷ֮ʱѾͣ˫ۣҶֻоԺ֮һͷۣ촽ɵķۡ
үˮ
ʱһɢ˿˿Ĳˮ˵Ҷǰû˿ԥҶһڱȥֱڣŸоԼ
ڴߣǰֵܼܣҶѾǵˣֻǵԼɱϹϹʬֱһɫŮӾߣȴһ˿ǵˡ
࣬ʲô飬ôһ㶼ǵˣ
һڴߵ꣬мֱп˵һ׵罻ӣֱӰƳ˸ϡá
Ҳ֪ôү˵ֻʣ߰ʿڵãһ׵£ֱʧʿ
үҹʱ֣֪ΪΣƳǵľ֮ϺȻֱܲ۴ֵ׵֮˲£ȻǼʱȻ𣬵Ȼʧأиʧȥʿ
ʲô
ȻվҶʱɫΪŭޱȱ䣬ֻʣ߰ʿʧʿôԼֻʿˡ
ֵܼŵһ仰˵кǰһʱը˭˭ù
һҶ촩·û˵ֱ߳䣬ǰһ֮ʱɫʱޱ
ҽ𣿡
һʱ仹ûзӦϾΪģǵǰһ侲֮ʱ಻֪ôˡ
Щʵ̫ˣһϵ죬Ѿ˽֮һıգүԸû⡣
֮Ȼʱ䲻ҪңǸѾɱˣǶȥæɡ
˵֮ҶҲǰˣһٴλص˷֮ڣڴǰ֪Ϊʲôһһ˿
ڵƺ־һ׾ˣ
ֱڣҶڷԼٴξһΪҲٴﵽ˶֮
Ҷȴû˿Ĳ죬֪Ϊʲôѹһǧʯѹ
Ҷкף϶ʲô飬ԼȴԵ޹ʻˣһС
ʦ𣿡
ҶԼԺ֮ĺţΪҶףֻԼʦܸԼҪ֪顣
˵ˣΪʦȻ֪Щ飬ȴ㣡
ҶʦȻ֪Լ飬жʱһϲǺܿ¶һ֮ɫʦԸҲûκεİ취
ʦ⵽Ϊʲô
ʣΪʲôʱﵽ֮ڵȫѣΪʦʱȻȫ㣬ҪıǾʵ
жʱɬһЦ֮ôôﵽģȴԼﵽľ磬Ҳ֪Ҫ¡
㲻ÿˣɷӦΪʦһ£
ʦ˵ֻҪܹһȫΪ
պʲôӣҪǵʦɷӦΪʦ
һȻҶ첻֪һʦΪʲô˵ҶȴһֲõԤУ漴˵һΪʦΪֻҪһ죬㲻ʦĴ
˵֮Ҷʱڵأĳǰͷ
ããã
ʯ˵֣֮г˼֮飬漴ʯٴ˵ΪʦպȻ㣬׾ովѣΪֻǳ֮ûọ̈̄ҪʱԼΪ
ȻҶȻ֪һȴҲĪһã֮ԼѾΪҲѾﵽ˶֮
ûٶ˵ʲôҶ漴ڵϿʼԼոΪ


096 Ѫ
ʱתۼҶҲ֮תѣĹʹΪȫȫͣ˶龳ϡ
վҶһΪҰٴνƳǵӣҶ쵹ҪЩҰ嵽жô
ߣֵܼѾʿȺţʿԱȴŽһ̨ɸߵʮһҶЩȡΪѪ
ʿ֮жһ䵶Ȼ˰ֵܼڣ֪ǰ꣬ǴЩʲôţһߵĴ£һܹҰġ
үǶѾ׼ˣҰԼʱƳǡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ쿴ǰʿаԷģʲôʱԲеһ뿪ϡ
һᣬÿһ飬һһ̨Ѫܰȫȥ֮ÿ˾еԲ䵶Ұƨɹ񣬾ͿǴҵˣң𣿡
У
˳ĵźƮھ֮ϣЩѰ֮Ҳʱһɺơ
ҶʿܿǽϣһųһţȺֳţÿ϶дɱ֡
ȻҶ첻֪ΪʲôһǰʿͻȻһƵģΪ۸Ӣսʵʲô
ʵҶ֪ڵ£ϹÿҹػǰɱʿÿʿҹնɱԼ
ʿŽһÿʮһȻЧֱ΢΢Ǿµʱ⣬ʣµʿӵŽᣬҲӵĳɱ
㿴Եսѻʧô룬¼µˣļĥļޱȡ
Ҷ쿴վڳǽ֮ϣһʿг˸пԼĸףĵ۹Ĵ󽫾ƹŽʦ
Ҷкʦ֮У֮ʿûϹսûϹսʿ㲻һϸʿ
ҶͬţսԼʿպʣʱԶʺȻһҰ
öҶҲ֪˭ˣ۹еͷޱȵҰ壬ܿ죬ԶʻĳһƬ
һգ۵ʱ䣬߱¶˽ǧ˵ȻҶ˵Ұ岻׳µƨǸߴ͡
ǵҶҰʱҲ̲סһΪÿһҰĶӽףµƨǽӽס
ʲôҰ壬壬ҶоôȣһҪǰЩ
׼ʱȫͷȻһ£ڶŸϣԴơ
ǣ
ĿһԶڼٶĿ꣬ҶϺȻһɰԵɱ漴һ

ţ
䣬֮ʮ˲ĺ𣬵һŷϣٺˣ
ڶǽû˿ԥϵҲ֮ʿҲûһ
Զȥǧ˵Ұ徭һѪϴֻʣ²ˣֱһ̣ʿɵɵĿԼĽ
ûţǰʬҰԼɵģϾҰսȫ½ĿõģǾڸղţֻǶ̶̵İʱ˰Զʧϡ
ȫʿϣеԲ䵶ȥɱЩΪ˼
˵֮Ҷһֱӳųǽ֮ȥʿûһ˸е棬ΪΪ֪
ʿҲû˿ĳɣҶǵѾﵽ˼㣬֮ȫ⣬еԲ䵶ųǰȥ
Ҷ캰ߣʵûʹΪҶ쿴ǺܺöʿһλᣬʿҰ壬Ӯ¿˵ķչǱˡ
ʣµҰ壬ûбȥͬŵ˸Ұɱģʱͬʱһ¡
ǱѸԼ·֮еĳìųƳǼȥ˲ײһ
Ұƥʵ̫ߴˣʿеԲ䵶һ㣬˲ƥǰ㱻ϡ
ĲȣҰ˲䵹£ǻûеվȴǵıһӰֻһٲʱ䣬Ұ˵ꡣ
ǰʬҰʱһ𻶺쳹أʿնɱǧҰ壬ʷܷ顣


097 
ҰĴսƳնɱһǧһپʮˣħ԰˰پʮƥìһǧһپʮ
ǰĻرҶʼ¶һ˿Цݣô˵εսƳûʧһһ䣬նɱУô˵ֵÿĵ顣
ʱܲݼææĳã깧һ漴˵үˣɽկˡ
ʲôʲôϿżֵǣģһҪ޻أ
һɽկɽˣɫʱ䣬ȴû˿ĻţҰһսڵѳġ
ţҳȥ˵Ǻ£
˵֮Ҷվٵĳȥܿ˳֮⣬ۿȥǰѹѹһƬ˵Ҳˡ
վ֮ǰӣվ˺棬Ҷ֮ʱʱԼ˸
Сӣּˣ
꣬ӥɫЩȻ˵Ƴ⣬˴սһһ˶ԼһȻԼ
ҪԼ˶Լӥ治֪Լô죬Ϊ£Ժĸ顣
治֪˵ʲôʴʣ
Ҷ컹û˵վʱ˵
ʲôǰ˵
ʱŭǰκ˶ϣ컹ûг֣һӰһˡ
һɰԵ˲䳬ǰȥӥϳӴɱûһ˸Լ˵
ֱڣףǰĺӥһǿߣһ̣ȫ˿ռ֮С
ǿһССܳܵģĿǰĺһߣһȥŭһߡ
ܣɣ
ӥһãҪ£ԼնɱӣôɽկƱغƳǳΪС
ǰӥĻȻһӥ˫Ѿӡ֮ϣô鷳߶ԸߣֻҪͷŸôʵǿҲܶù
ǵ˫ӡ֮ʱӥڷֲԣΪеֻһӰˣе𺳼ֱˡ
û˿ĳɣһӥվԭλã֮¶ľȻ¶⡣
ߣ
վҶԵӣӥ˵ı䣬ԼһߣȻնɱһûгɹֱ̫ʧˡ
ܣµΪֹû뵽ȻһߣҴﵽ˶֮ľһ
ӥĻúӥһ˶һһŵĿŲԶ꣬Ϊʮʱ䣬ΪȻﵽ֮
磬ǲǿˣСӵʵȻҲûдﵽ֮
ӥȻŵĿǰĴ磬ȶʱ껹һ̣ڲŶʮգҲô졣
ӥûпӥĶǰĺ꣬ЩʵûпղʹƮ첽ɣŵĵӣ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҵѾ˰ɣʲô
Цһǰ˵ҶѲ³ݣ⣬ӱӽӥһǿһ͡
ɽկһӵǿߣϴӥΪﵽһͣ϶ӥΪﵽ飬ӥﵽ˶顣
ҶкƾԼڵΪӽӥ⣬ӥĶ֣ӥһ飬һȼҶš
ǵڵ֮еĵ׾ѣž͸ӵǿ
ѡ㣡
ĵ˵ͷӥϵı֮ɫ˲ɢ֮г֮ɫԼŮĻǰǰ껹Ǹߡ
ֻǶʮʱ䣬Ȼͻƿﵽ֮ͻƶ֮ﵽԼһΪ硣
ԭӥԼŮ޸꣬Ͼô˵ӥͷɲǸǵģһ̣ӥ׸ıע⡣
ֻ֪ɽկƳǵкιɣ
ȻǰӼΪҶڲһˣƳǵĳ֮±Ƴǵ
ҲĨˣ˵ƳǵĳɽկƳǣΪƳǵһӣ֪ɲԣ
¶һ˿º͵Цݣ˺󣬾ȥŵӣȴһǿ͡


098 һɳ
ӥĻʱҶɻޱȣɽկҪƳǣҶΪԼˣϾɽկߡ
ƳֻһߣӥĻҶĸоǣбȻթ룬Ҷ컹Ǿ˵
ȻƳǵĳ֪ǰΪʲôҪƳǣɽկʵΪӦðɡ
ҶһֱһǾûа׳ԵĹʵһϺȻڱôһҪ»᲻а׳Ե͡
ȷΪ飬ɽկѾɽկˣҪƳΪֵ
˻ֵܼܵɫʱ䣬ϳ˷ŭ֮ɫǰӵΪֱǰƳơ
ô˵ɽկӵߣɽկҪâӲ˵ֻһߵƳˡ
Ҷȴû˿ı֣һƽĿǰӣ漴Į˵ʲôô
֮¶һ˿֮飬漴ӥ˵ɽկƳǳΪѣɽկҲԶƳǵİΣ
У
Ҷ붼ûһڻؾ˽ӥӥ˵֮ƳǴкôϾߵػպƳǱؽû
ϸһ룬ᷢеȷɽկƳǣƳɽկİ޷סôҶҿ϶ɽկһƳǲˡ
ϾɽկֿܹɽկĹҲ뵽ƳΪѣҶиҿ϶ɽկ֣ӥ޷Կ
СӣȰ㻹ǲҪôߣΪﵽ˶֮ǰȻһСˣɽկƳˣǿǡ
һֱûлعĺӥȻ˵ɫޱȵȻղûʽ֣Ǻӥףǰʵ±Լߡ
ֻҪסһ㣬˭˶ԼҲ˵ʲôɽկҪƳǣ밴յĹƳǵĳɽկһ£ˡ㡣
˵֮Ҷûڿǰһۣûпһۣ漴תƳȥֵܼܺݺݵĿһǰˣҲȥ

ӥ֮ƢΪȵı϶ӥһӥܲסĿ漴׵ĳˡ
Ϊﵽ֮İӥһʵȻϴӥҲɲ⣬һɰԵʱȥӥһֻӥٵĳǰȥ
Ʈ첽˲չҶһգ۱ѾֵܼܵЦһɫȴޱȵϲǿѵˡ
ȥ
һ䵭Į漴ʮŵʱҶһ̣϶ʱһӴɱ
ڵҶ죬ѲǵǸҶԴϴ豻Ů͵ȴ׷ɱ֮ҶԱѾˡ
һ̵Ҷ죬ֻһǱ˲ҲˣҪұطˡ
жʱȻӥѾܸ߹ʵǿżĽŽͷųĿֲϢӥ֪ԼСʵ
û˿ԥӥûӲͷŵĽȥÿĸ죬ǰӥȻ͹Ҷʵ
ǬΪʯӵϾѧʵһССֿܵģҶΪѾﵽ˶飬ӥֻһߡ
ʮŵ˲䴩ƿռ䣬һգ۱˰ӥ󣬸ԽԽĽһ̵İӥоĽ١
ܿˣ
ӥҲʱ󾪣Ҳû뵽ǰʵ֮ǿֻһӵֱܹԼ࿹⡣
𺳹𺳣ӥǺԥĳˣԵ˲䲼ȫһգ۱˰ӥǰһӡڰӥϣ漴ӥߵķһʧʮ֮ڡ

ʱʵ벻ȻŪ˵ز֪ҶΪﵽ֮˵ϲá
ûһŮӲϣԼİʵǿ󣬵ȴ뿴Լİ븸һʹ
˲ײһҶʱƺһǿסŲɫȴǲ԰׵ˡ
үû°ɣ
д󾪣æǰʵֱԼһսʤҰ忪ʼƳǵÿһˣҶΪ
ֱ죬࿴ǰ꣬һ֮ԿߣбѾףҶ첻ǳһһɳ졣
û£ϿȥˣѪڿ첻ô˵ҲɽկȺɽƳǡ


099 һ
ǣү
Ŀһǰ꣬¶ǿҵĵ֮ɫô˵ǰ˶ߡ
ȥɣɱң
ĵ˵ͷûڳɣ漴㳯ƳǼȥΪﵽ֮ٶȻ൱ġ
뿪ҶĿǰˣڵٵתţȻҶԼʵģǲô˵֮һ͡
ӥһûţɫĮĿǰĺ꣬ڵѪͣķţȻӥû˵ʲôеȴޱӴ
ʵֱ֪ΧһΪֻǸոմﵽ˶֮ʵֱܹԼȣβ𺳡
ʵܲڿһܹɽկƳǵֵɽկôҿػƳʮꡣ
磡
ӥ˵ӥʱ󼱣֮ǰֵѾãƳֻǵһ壬ֻҪֵסɽկôǱԥĳƳǡ
Ǵ˿̣ӥû뵽Լ˵Ϊǰˣӥһ˵ȻӦ꣬ôٷ֮ٲᷴڡ
˵ˣзִ磡
ĿһԵĺӥ漴ӥı죬ƽʱƢܺãֻҪŭ˭Ҳܲס
У
Ȼ֣ҶȻޱȵĿǰˣڵʱתţֻҪӥһ֡
Ҷûпһֱڽӥϳ˵֮飬֮һΪ
СӣҪҪѾӦػƳʮˣ㻹ô
һ̺ӥıǰŭˣĳŵжôҪ˽ӥػ۹ṥƳǡ
жʱЦһҶĵĿǰӣܹٸһλᣬԻúӥΪԼ¡
°ܽҲڿȷ㣬ƳǲҪκ˵ػҪƳǣ밴ҵĹ죬С
Ҷ˵ļᶨ⣬һûκ˿Դһ㣬ӥ˵ʲôȴӥסɫ͵ĵ˵ͷ漴˵ô
ĿһǰӣҶû˿Ĳţ漴˵ҪƳǣֻһԭǱǳΪҵ£ô˵ҶƳǵĳвԼŰɡ
ҶĻֱ˼㣬һβǺӥǰӥûп˵ĶǰĴӥ
Ȼɽկӥֵܣ֮ǰӥͰӥȵȽӥҲ˵ɽկһд£϶ǽӥ
Ұ첻֮ɽկƳǣʱ˭Ҫܹܿ׺;޷磬ôָߣô
һԣ
Ҷ첢û˿ԥӦȻ֪޷絽״ﵽľ磬Ҷܹ϶ǣ˾ûдﵽ;硣
Ϊ޷ţ˵Ϊﵽ֮Ļӥһ֣նɱĸҲǰٷ֮١
Ҷп϶˵ΪԲᳬ֮ﵽֻ֮Ҫûдﵽ֮Ҷа취Ըˡ
׷
ӥӥ˵ʲôǶʱӥ˻ȥû˿մЭ飬˭ܹܿ޷磬ôһͳߡ
漴ҶɽկȫƳǣΪУһǿţǾֻҪɽկɽˣһٽնɱ
ڴϣҶ첢û˵ֻĮĿǰˣӥҽãȻͽӥ¶ԼҶкӥ
ôڶѣɽկǹͬĵˣȸ˵˵ڿ׺;޷顣
ǽӥȿڣô˵ӥһܾԼ׬ˣϾӮӮƳ˵Ϊǰ˵ʲôҲԼŮ
лˣ
Ҷ쵱ȻܾȻаսʤˣν֪֪˷ܰսʤôõĻ᲻ɵϡ
漴¶һ˿Цݣӥ㻺˵˵޷ŵĵӣһĵĵӣ겻֪ʲôţƳ⣬˷ɽկ˵Ϊﵽ֮ǵ˺֮˵ʵ˲䱩ǣܺһ࿹⡣
ӥ˵ĻҶ첢ûие˿ľȣΪѾ̹ŵӵֱǿԽɱС
Ҷ벻ͨǣȻôΪʲôɣħĴ֮ȴûŵ֡


100 ɱӺ
ƺǰеɻ漴ӥ˵Ȼŵĺ֮ǿޱȣȴаޱȣԲħݲŵĴڡ
ԭˣҶжʱ֪ô£һŵʵǿ󣬵Ҳȫ½ΪУѰ·
Һڴ֮ĶԼһЩ£֮ǳǽϼ
˵Ҷվ׼뿪ߵһַ˻ǰ˵Լס£Ե޹ʧҿɲ𡣡
˵֮Ҷûͣ漴ٵ뿪˴ãܲݽż뿪ô˵Լû֮ǰɽկƳǵĿˡ
֮УٵҶǰЩǵĿǰĺ֧֧꣬᲻֪˵ʲô
ʲô飿
̧ͷһ۽ǰӣҶɫЩ˵ϲ˵µˡ
үѵҪͽӥģ
⣿
ɻĿǰӣҶʵ벻ͨһ̵ൽôˣ֪УǰӲӵģΪЩ
үȻ֪Լ˵ЩΪƳǣ²ò˵ǵʿԴӽƳ֮󣬴ûжϰյһףǰȴ
˵ٴα첻˵ˣŪҶмֱɫʱһ֮¶һ˿֮ɫ
жʱһ֪Ϊʲô෢ǰ꿴ţһ߶Լһ㣬ǰһ
үɽկƳǻʱȴϰյʳȻûɱˣȥµʱƳǡ
ģܲһ԰ѻ˵꣡
ܲסȻһӣʱǰķδԲ˷ĩҶ鱾ͲǺܺãŪøӲˬˡ
ƳǱͻƧȫǼҲԲ˿ڣϴҰһսƳ룬ȥ죬÷ɽկƳǵİձҪȫܹˡ
һҲû£һȫ˵˳Ϊ֪ԼȥǰԻɱԼ
ģȺɽû̵Ķȥ
Ȼǿеķŭ໹ܹǰϸܵһ˿ɱŵжʱһ£漴ҶٵĳŽȥ
˵һ£ۿһ£Ҷ֮ϣɽռҵʳ
еŭҲ̲סӴɱҲƲס漴Ҷˣһʱ֮󣬵վԭλõʱʱǰľŴˡ
ȻǾˣҲҰһսѪȵĳ棬ǵһμΪǰǶ֫֡
ʱʱ֮Ҫ͸ղһģһ
ҶĻƺûȻǰľţʱڻ
үģʱԿԻָ
˵֮ٵ뿪ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ʿ»ûһ˵ʿͺٸԼԼĻ
ʱӰٵĳҶķһ˲ߣ˿ǰһ֮ʱ֮⣬˰ӥڣжʱŭޱȡ
Ҷ죬ǲ̫ˣ㲻ҪǣûжԼ䶨֮ǰǵĹϵȻˣھȻնɱǵˣϣܸһ
ɫĿǰĺ꣬Ҫǰڸ׵ϣ˵һѳˣΪղѿԼһնɱ֮ࡣ
Ȼ˵ɽկ˵ʲô£Ե޹ʱնɱ˵Ǹ˲ɽկӣǴˡ
ӥû˵Ѿܸ³λǿҲܲǰΪҪԭ˵Ҳˡ
жʱЦһ֮еı֮ɫԽŨЩ˵˵ɽկǰôģƳǣԺҿһɽ߸ɳʲôƳǵ飬Ҳ飬ɽһһ
˵֮Ҷûȥһۣ漴ߵߣ֣ٵ뿪ˡ
컹˵ʲôȴӥסˣɫĿǰڴɨʿӥɱ˵Ըȥպ˭Ƴ֮УһףҶὫʬΡ
˵֮󣬽ӥʱٵ뿪ˣӥӥڸεҡҡͷɬĸŽӥȥֻһŭ졣
ʿɨֳٶȼֱױȣɨҶһ㣬ֻ˰ʱ㳹׵˵ʬ塣


101 ֪
Ҷոջص䣬ӥҵ£һԺԼ£ڶ±õϢ׺;޷ЩʱˣԼ֮ŻƳǡ
Ҷ²ûжĸдɽկʲôʱƳǣģҪһսսսһ
ʱŵĺܿ죬һգ۵ʱ˰Ҷ첢û˯ڴǰž֮ϵİɫкȻ˼ҡ
ȻԼ뿪ֻһҵʱ䣬ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ̵Ҷ죬Ȼһ˼ҵĸ롣
Ȼˣαعһɣ
Ȼûп㣬²ΪȻﵽ֮ò˶ãʵ׷ˡ
䣬ҶȻһӣ۹ĻʦΪﵽ֮硣
һ̵磬Ѿﵽ֮Ҫ̣֮ǵ֪ǰĺ꣬ΪȻﵽ֮г˾ȡ
ҶתȻֵ֮ʱɫЩɻΪûмǰӣӸղǾûп㣬Ҷµǰһġ
Ҷ첢û˵ΪȻֻһ飬ǱΪ˻ѪҺĸס
۹Ļʦ磬ǰǴ㣬ûеõ
Ҷ췢֣ǰʳ仰ʱϳڴ֮ɫһΪﵽ֮˵ǲӦóֵ顣
ôֻһܣĸ׵ĲѾΡΡɼĵزҲôżһǰԼˡ
ðһ䣬ĸףǲǲ仯
粢û˵ֻĵ˵ͷǻʺѾ׶ΣҲǧƳˡ
ץ˻
Ҷ첢ûԼõ飬֪ΪʲôǴ֮пϴ飬ֱڻĿ
϶ʱһϲǰȻõ˻жʱһϾʺĲֻлѪҺܹΡ
ȴܽ㣬㲻飬ҿԺһˣҪֻǻѪҺ
ĵ˵ͷ統ȻᷴҪ󣬻ΪҪֻѪҺֻҪܹκûʺĲǸȥܡ
ҲΪҶŻҪҶкֻҪѻ۹ô֮ٻᶪ
Ͼ̫˽ʼҵˣ飬ʼһǧټƵ£㣬ֻҪǶû˿ôǱһý߿㡣
Ѿᵽ˽ܲܺ˵£ֻ˽˵壡
Ҷжʱɻѣ֪ǰҪԼ˵ʲôӰ֮УǰӲûʲô
Ҷջǵ˵ͷΪҲ֪ǰӻ˵ʲôϾ飬Ҳܺ档
ҴСųģҴûпһ˶飬Ƕȴһҵһηһ˶ġ
жʱҶʵ벻ǰӻ˵Ļ벻ͨԼһֱϵȻԼġ
ҶӵĻû˿ĻɣΪûбҪƭԼҶ컹йɲʵĸоҪ˵ûиоǸƭ˵ġ
Һ𣿡
ʲôʵģʵ۹֣Ӧú˽ʼҵЩ飬ڲǰ۸һ֮ޡ
ϲңҲ뿪۹ȴڣΪҪҿԴӦ㣬֮һϻ
ҶһֱԼһˣӲһΥԼˣУһ˿Զ飬ȴ顣
ԵҶ֪ȻϲԼʱͬԼȻϲôҶ㲻ѡӱܡ
Ҷ֪ԼھʹϾ֮ҪѪĹȽħ򣬵һƳǣҶ첻ġ
ڰ죬ҶصʱҶԼѪȫû뵽ǣԺ󣬾Ȼԡ
ֻһҪôУԶԼλãҶûж˵ʲôֻصĵ˵ͷ
ڵãûаʱ䣬ԼȻֶһ֪ʵеͷۣҶ֪ϵ棬ӵ鷳
֮¶һ˿ͣ漴翴ǰĺ꣬ޱص˵ɷ˵һϾѧתģ


102 ۹
ת
Ҷ컹û˵Ժ֮жʱһʯӵ֮Ե쳣𾪡
ʦתĺ𣿡
ȻΪʦպȻ˵ҪѧתպΪĪĺô
ҶʱеһԼѧҲǰӿϽ̲У˵޹ƾʲôҪת
ҡҡͷҶʾԼû˵粢ûие⣬Ͼת̫أһ֪
Ҫת֮еһо֮ˣҪȻӵоתû֮еκһʵͨ죬Ҳɾת
һǺܿҶȻʧ̾Ȼ겻֮ˣڵѱ˷ӡ
ֱڵҲֻǱ⿪ֱǻо׾ڤڽоûоѡ
ҴСųҲϣʲô࣬ѧڱ԰Ѿתڸ㣬ӦңתڸκˣԺ֮ͽܴӦ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷᶨ˵ǰģҶѧתûǰ֮£Ѿת˽ˡ
ǾתպܹܲתĵھתҪ컯ˣҾʹתķľͺˡ
漴絥ָһҶԺ֮жʱСӣҶŬԼ¾תķǲ֪ΪʲôתķһԺ֮У˵һתķ֮⣬ȫʲôӡ
Լʱ֮󣬾תһתķȫӡ뵽ҶԺ֮УתķѾӡ
ڵʵԴ򿪾תתķ˵תĵתԴﵽ˵֮еʥ֮Դﵽ֮תܹﵽôľ磬Ҳ֪ˡ
пҶû뵽תĵתԴﵽʥֱ֮˼顣
ˣתѾڸ㣬Ǿٸ۹ʺѾʱղ࣬ϣܹǸȥ
Ҷ첢ûоܾȻǰûʦͽ֮ݣȴʦͽ֮飬ҲôҪľתڸҶ֪ѾǷ¡
Ҷ첢û뿪ǻ࣬һʱŰƳеȫϣϾڵƳǶһ֮͡
е飬Ҷٶȸ۹ΪƳǴ۹Ľ紦˻ûе֮ʣѾ۹ľڡ
ո뾳Ҷ۾Ѿ벻ˣȻҶҵүǻĵ۹׶ǻĵ۹ĻʹҾ
Ҷ컹Ǳ۹ķ⻹һǳأҶʵڲ۹׶ôľ
۹֮У۹еһǹǷ̶Ҳ۹֮Ϊʢģ۹䣬ֻҪսһ죬۹ȫԿԳɱ
Ҷ첢û˵ʲôа̾۹֮ǿһҶţֻҪսʤһ۹
ûжֱͣӳ۹׶䶼ȥ˶ʱ䣬ͣĸ䶼ڵ֮ʸϵ䶼
ոսţҶжʱһǰķپֱȻĵ۹׶
ǰȺǵ̣ÿһ˶ڸԼ飬õе˶ʼɣҶ֪һеĶ
ǸϿȥʹɣϣǻü
ûȤǰķ٣ʺţ۹ҪΪ֮ʵ粢ûиҶ졣
۹ʺҲһǿߣһһΪﵽ֮ߣ۹ţ˿ٶ١
˵ͷҶû˿ķԣҲ֪һ̲ʱ䣬ǸٵĳŻʹȥ
ʹҶ첢û䶼𺳣Ϊ۹Ļʹͻĵ۹Ļʹ޼һĽ̻Իͣһĸǽ
μʦ
ߵʹ⣬ˣͬʱ繧Ҷܹó۹źǿ
ȥһ˵һˣо˵Ѿҵ˾λʺİ취ô۸ʺ޹һˡ
ǣʦ
ʺоȣҶܹܵǰеǷϲã֮еһû˿ĳɣٵĳŻʹ֮ڼȥٶ֮죬ҶҲΪ֮𺳡


103 
ûڳɣٵĳŻʺ޹ȥûж೤ʱ䣬˱һۺɫмдһЩɫ޹
֮ҶȿıվһŷۺɫԱߵ²Ҷ췢֣һ̵Ȼࡣ
֮⣬ֻʣ˴ŵһŮӣ߷ƣòҶҲܹ뵽ڴϵŮһĸף۹Ĺ
޹Ĺʦкĺ꣬ʱһЩ˵ˣ
򵥵һ仰мдУҶ仰еһ߶ʱݣ鲻ԽŮǰ
ŮӵС֣Щ۵ĿǰսݵŮӣ˵ˣʣµ齻ңĸһȺãҡ
ĵ˵ͷû֣ϾУǰĺѾ϶ΪһҪˡ
ȵ׽ҪǾλʺĲҸղѾˣʺѾһϢĵزڲΣ¡
жʱһ漴˿ٵķ뿪ɫ΢죬ϾСûйһ׽
ץˣ뿪пԵģ
֪Ѿץʲôκĸ׵Ĳ˵
ĵ˵ͷ漴ûڶ˵ʲôҶûڳɣΪ֪ʱ˵޼֮
һӣһɫӰһ漴ϱһֻȫͨĺ꣬ŵϺȻֵĻɫҲǶʱһϲ
ϾѪҺʥҩʺ˷»ѪҺʮûоκõĲԳ׸
ϿγʮѪҺδϵˣ
ҶͷųֱӸᶨ˵ݺݵĵһǰ꣬ȴûж˵ʲô
ϾѾͨ飬ܹǰϸܵһ˿УȻûĲҶ컹ǱȽϺģ󲿷
֮ϣû˿ĳɣʵʮλѪҺ˵ʲô£ֻҪϢԻָ
漴ʮλѪҺʱһգ۵ʱ뵽ǰŮڣ»صҶԡ
˶ɫŵĿǰŮӣһ˫СֽץҶ֣۾һ۲գĶǰŮӡ
ʱ򣬷ۺɫϵŮӺȻŮ϶ĺˮֱǲ԰׵ɫȴıĺ
ĸײ°ɣ
֮г˵֮飬ϾڴϵŮĸףҶеС֣漴˵İɣһѪҺû⡣
ûж೤ʱ䣬ϵŮӻ˫ۣŮѹʱһϲЩ˵ĸˣĸˡ
漴ſҶ֣˲ŮԱߣˮ䣬˵ĸףˣʮˣˡ
ҵĻѪҺ޷
ڴΪ˻ʺ֮ʱһгͻȻҶжʱһ漴ĶԵĻʵղ˵ʲô
Ҳתͷǰһһޣ˸˲Ϊʲô˵ǻ˵Ļ
˵ҵĻѪҺܳ׾ĲҲµûдǱ䣬Ҫ˵ңǻĻﶼС
˵ʲôĸײܱ䣬ȻȲĸףΪʲôҪʴʣҹȥ
ĸ׵ĲûоκãʱŭޱȣЩܿƵŭΪûоκãôֻһ³ǳѲ
ȱ𼱣Ӧûа취ģ
˵һ䣬漴Ҷ쿴ԵĻ˵ҪôܹĲϿ˵Сҡ
˵֪۸ң
˵
ίԼıӣ漴˵һֱΪҾǻҸǣʵҲʲôֻǴﵽ˻䣬ֻдﵽ˻䣬Ļ
䣿
ǻһ壬ֻдﵽ䣬ǻҲ֮Ϊﵽ֮ߣ߱Ǻڣ˱ǺۣűǺʮ䡭
ȵȣ֪ˣֻҪңҪôſԴﵽ䣿
ҶʱеһѾ˻һʵ֣ߵʵ޼ǻҶ֪ôľ硣
൱֮Ļ䣬ҶʵڲţҪȥҺĻҶ֪Ҫҵ򵥣ǰȴиĻֻҪ취ǰĻﵽ䣬ôһӭжˡ


104 ߼
ϸ룬漴Ŀһǰ꣬˵Ҫﵽ䣬ֻÿһʵ̫ˡ
㲻Ҫҵģʲô˵һܹ
ǰĶŭݺݵһԼĿˮ漴˵Ҫﵽ䣬һ취ҺһΪﵽ֮ǩѪôҲܿﵽ䡣
ǰ˵ĵһ취ҶеȻ취ֻҪߺǩѪôһһΪҲ֮ܿȥ
Ҷеͷ۵ǣ۹ȫҲҳһΪﵽ֮ߣֱ̫ˡ
ֱ˵ڶɣ
Ҳ֪취еѰ죬Ͼ֮һЩ̫ܣ漴˵ڶ취ҵõʵѪôұʱﵽ䡣
ѪģҵȥʵѪ㣬ǲǹΪң
ҶʱеһǰĻֱվ˵ۣ֪Ҳ֪֮һǿ󣬶ڻҪѪҺֱһܵ顣
ʱһͷʹڣ۵޹֮Уϳ˾ϲ֮飬滹ȫԵӡ
жʱһΪҶ췢֣ӱˣȻΪﵽ֮ߣôǰӵݱˡ
ʣĸĲ޷Σȴһ취ܹκĸĲʣһҪĸ󣡡
ӣҲ̲סеĽˮ˲£漴ܵߣӵ֣Щ˵
۳ǰŮͷ漴磬Դѯʵ˵ô£
۵쳣ºͣ۵ǲͬģҶһμ֮ǿ۹Ļʵۣжʱһ˿øС
漴ѻ˵һУһһʮͷ˵һ飬֮۹üͷʱ޹֮г˼ž
ʣһҪĸʵڲȥүүүүҵķϣһӦģ
ʻȥģȴڣҪչ֮ǰ˵أʱүүͲˣˡ
߼ڣ
Ҷжʱһ߼ڿ൱֮ǿ֮Ҷʵû뵽ԼȻΪ
ʲôˣ
Ҷ쾪ڵʱһº͵ʱ漴Ҷ쿴˵ˣԭԼ
ĳǰһ񣬲ô˵ǰӶ۹ĻʵۣҶ첻ʧȥе
ҽҶ죬Ƴǵĳ룬ǰʺβûеһʱݼۣʧ֮¡
ҶĻ۵֮жʱ¶һ˿ȣǺָܿƽ漴˵СӺܲҲɣ
˵֮۲ûͣȥϾΪһĻʵۣҪʧȥǺܶģҲûм£뿪޹
ϵŮȻûתѣҶ֪ŮӵĲȻûȫκãҪϾûлѪҺȴҲΪﵽĻѪҺ
ջضڵϵĻҶ쿴Ѳ޵¶һ˿Цݣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôֻ㶵վԭء
һǰɵɵվԭأһ仰˵ĺ꣬ʱЦ˳ϾĸҪֻûѹˡ
Цʲô
ҶǰԷС֣ϳᶨ֮ɫ˵Ժ󲻹ܷʲô飬ֻҪסһ㣬һҡ
һοˣһ˵ǰĻУÿߣʮĲ߲ݣѾŮĥıˡ
§ŻеĿ˶Ҷʲôû˵ֻԼůοŻеŮӡ
ҵŮҵˣ
ʱһʵˣ漴¶ϲ
һƿҶ죬ɿߣѾתѵŮӣЩ˵ĸˡ
΢ЦſǰŮ۵ĸգЩ˵ЩˣϿĸһ¡
ɫʱһ죬վһԵ֣Ҷ˿ĳɣ˲ߣܣԼȽ
ǰҽҶ죬Ƴǵĳͷİɣһúչģ
ޣ˵Ҫչˣ治Ҫ
ɫˣȴ̵ģοĿǰˣ漴˵СҺܷģʵȴЩ͡


105 
жʱһҶ漴¶һ˿ΪȻȻʵȴǲôҶţƾʵ֮ˡ
ƺ֪ǰ룬漴˵ҪΪ֮бûǿߴڣţ۹˵ڴڣ۵ǿڡ
ۣ
Ҷжʱһʵû뵽֮Ȼ۵ǿڣǰ׻ǲ˽⡣
ԲҪǰʵʲôʲôʱΪܹﵽ֮ҲԱʵ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˵ʲô漴뿪˻ʺ޹ϾʺոתѣҪϢʱ䡣
Ҷ޹ߴߴ˵ʲôܳʱ䣬ԥʮĲ߲ݣҲ֧Ųס˯ĻС
Լ˯Ŀ˶Ҷгů漴ԼԺ֮ʵʦղĸ˵ģ֮ѵ۴ڣ
ǸŮ˵ûʹ֮УڴڣбиղǸŮˣΪѾﵽھ硣
ʲôĸ׾Ȼﵽ֮
Ҷû뵽ĸף۹Ļʺһ֮ĸȻһΪﵽ֮ǿڡ
ûʲôֵģȻħĴй涨ֻҪΪﵽ֮㲻֮Уÿɸ޷һɢߣǵǿѾɵ󡣡
Ҷ࣬ԭħĴ֮Ĺ涨˿ģʲôףŮҪƷ
һҹܿѾȥˣڶ֮ʣ۴Ҷ죬йʦԼĴߣһɴɽǰ
үүʮ֮ǰѾչأ˵αչأүү֮ܽﵽ֮䣬ȻֻһĲ࣬еʵȴ֮𡣡
ҶûжκεԼϳʦһ֮飬ȫǰŮ
ǰİɽ֮¶һľ֮飬Ͼ۹ػÿһ۹еĽ
Ҷ֪۹ǿ߸ʲôΣĻʺĸףΪﵽ֮һ֮ĸ
Ҷ첻֪ʹ֮ڵ˭
ʱһԵϢ˲ɽ漴һʱ쳹˶ۿȥһɵĳɫ˲ڿն
Ҷݺݵһ¿ˮ⻹һμľҿӣ֮ϵɾѾɹĽϡ
ΪҶܹĸܵԼܵǿϢҪѪͷųϢǿĶ࣬ѪΪﵽ֮
֮ӰԵľ磬ֻھ磬ɾϵھ֮Ϸţһ쳹
֮£ΪֻǴﵽ֮⣬˶ôܣȴͬһ߸ֵܵסһֻڵϢ
ץŮӵ֣һɰԵʱӿŮӵڣҶİʱԼࡣ
мĿһԵĺ֮꣬Ҳס֣Ҷ챨һ΢Ц漴ٴο֮ϡ
ɾȻڲͣķţҶףһǾΪؼһ̣ɹԳɾϾ磬֮
ʱɾֹͣ˲ϷҲֹ֮ͣ˵İɴɽһɾ
ڳɹˣ
ɫοĿǰİɾ촽΢֪ںǰİɾ˵ʲô
˲֪ڸղŰɾʱ۹˶ڵϣž֮ϵİɾϵİš
˺ܾã۲Żֹͣ˺ڵĶԻ漴תǰ˵ѾӦԸѪ
жʱһϲ漴Ҷѻͷ˳Ҷеֵǣһ̵ĻȻβͣβ
βһ֣ǰİɾʱ֮¶ľȻһ˿˷ܣǾ£ҲҶû뵽ġ
׼ˣʱԿʼ
һβ۵ϲûжٱ飬Įĳǰĺ˵
ȵȵȣһмҪ۸ǰҰʱ
Ŀһǰ꣬ûѯʲô漴ٴ΢ȻҶĵ˵ͷ
˰ڣһɻĿǰĺ֪꣬һ껹ҪʲôһжѾ¾㱸ֻҪͷڵѪᱻβգӶﵽ䡣


106 Ѫ
Ҷ¶һ˿ײЦǰββǰһЦĿԼĴһ
ʲô
Ĺһ֪𣬵õѪﵽ֮󣬾ȺûʺĲʱ㲻ֻܱ䣬Ҳﵽ侳磬˵ûɣ
β϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣ֮еľ㰵ȥ񱻲һ㣬һ̵β״˵һ
¶ˣǲô˵ҲΪرܹﵽ䣬ҲҵĻرˡ
УҲû˵УӦһ
˵ɣӸһעҪһӵùˣ
ЦҶ漴һԱߵȻβ˵ҪСǩѪҲԿɡ
У
ҶĻ䣬βʱеķϵǰǩѪôԥĴӦ
ڣβ˵ʲôҲӦϾֻһΪλߣϾͻﵽ䣬пܴﵽ䡣
Ҳһ𾪵Ŀǰ꣬ʵֺܶõԼޣһֱûΪʲôԼҲ˵Ϊʲô
ǲ֪Ϊʲôβһ䣬ȻѾϲֻͨβҶһһǩѪûзԾܿ
ݲ㲻ͬ⣬ҿԸ㣬պǽΪҵӣҿԴӦ㣬ֻҪΪİޣôպﵽű䶼ûпܡ
ҶĻʱһԵеһ죬ȴûзʲôĿһǰ꣬Ҳûж˵ʲô
űʱβȻĶˣűζʲôǿ൱ǿڡ
ãҴӦ㣡
βӦԼҶжʱһϲһߵ֮¶һ˿ڴ
ĵ˵ͷҲǾϲͺϲβܹβǩѪҲһѡ
漴һһ޸ԵγԼıѪȻٵںϵһиԻص˸ԵڣһһͬһѪѾɹ
֣Լβĳϵһ˵ϵƾǩѪԭ
Ҷ쳯۵˵ͷǿԿʼˣҲûκεĳɣ漴촽΢Ȼ˰ڣٵȥ
ҶҲû⣬Ѹٵĳź˼ǰİɾ˲ʧζѪ
Ѫ˲ӿ뵽βڣβ֮жʱ¶һ˿ϲ㲻ϵĲ
Ҷ췢ֻ֣˲乤ǰԶβ˲һβͣҲ˵ֻ˲乤βѾﵽβ
һûеΪֹβ˲ΪβǴββͲôˡ
ʱǰİɴɽ֮УٴһѪʱӰɴɽ֮м˲û뵽β֮ڡ
Ѫ֮ʱҶѾ֪֮ǰѾʧٴεγѪΪβǩѪԭ
Ѫһֱþ޷ͻƵľ磬ʱֱβҲֻһ˲Ĺ򣬱Ѿﵽ˻֮
ʱ򣬸ոջֻβ͵ĻѾΪβҲϵĻβ
ֱڣڸһ䣬ǻոͣ£һԵȴȻʼ˾ͻơ
ĺȻͻû˸еȣϾѾﵽ˻䣬Ϊ˵ΪҲˡ
Ҷûͣ˫ƶʱӡϣһɰԵ˲ӿŮڣɫ漴¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ
СһҪסֻҪֹˣպһɳ졣
Ҷ֪߲ͬһ£ǲҵԼΪߵޣֻԼŬﵽľ磬ɿġ
ҶҲԼ뷨ϾΪʵ̫ˣоҪ뿪£ڴڼ䣬ǲİο
Բ뵽취ҶԿ϶ֻҪסôȵΪٿԴﵽ֮
ĵ˵ͷǿеʹ࣬Ҷ֪Լܲһɳ죬ȫƾһεˡ
˿ĳɣ˲ԼǰڵĻѪҺʱʮλѪҺ˲뵽ڡ
һһޱ㱻һ㵭ɫ֣ؼٵ֮ڷӿ롣


107 Ѫ
ؼӴ뵭ɫ֮УҶ֪ٷ֮ʮŻﵽ֮
ʱһֱûп˵ۺȻԣǰĺ꣬ۿʵȢС
ͷһǰӣҶû˿漴˵ͷȻû˵ʲô֮¶ļᶨ֮ɫһԵ綼ܸܵĵ
аԵ˵ͷ룬ԼȻûҴˣһЦĿǰĺ֮꣬¶һ˿֮顣
㲻ôȢСΪǰұС˶һҺ㣬ܲȢСҪԼˡ
˵֮ǰļ֮ͬ¶һ˿ͣ漴뿪˰ɴɽǰ
֣һͷ۹󽫾ĶӣΪѾﵽ֮Ķֺǿ󡣡
ʱҶһ漴ϳ˾ȵĿǰӣʵ۹ǸѪ
ĵ˵ͷ漴˵µĺܶԣǺ㸸Ѫ˵ΪҲ£ĺԱ˳ΪѪ
ҶȫˣһҶףԷôǿҲܶҡԼȢСľġ
¡¡¡¡
ʱ򣬵ɫֺȻǿҵĲضһҲʱһӰԵϢ˲˵ɫ֡
ڳˣλ۹ػС
һп˵ҶҲܵǿϢʧľͷţ˵λĺС
䣬һ쳹أ漴ɫֶʱѿ¶һһޣβҲĻ
жʱһΪһҶȻ֣վԼǰСȫСʵߵͣôֻһԭǾСڵʵѾԽ
˵ǶԵģСǩѪõĺôǾ޴ģȵѪһôҵΪҲṮڻ֮ΪĻ
һ֣㼱ɴĳǰĺɵ˵ϳ˷֮飬ٹʮ꣬һܹﵽ䡣
Ҷû˼ȥǰһֱֹĻǿǰϳǵʵôˣûʲôط
ҡҡͷ˵ľϲЩ˵֪治һȻﵽ֮֮
ͻѾǩѪΪѾﵽ˻䣬Ϊ˵㣬ȻҲΪﵽ֮ҲΪ档
Ҳһ˿ϲãǺܿҶϱˣƺԼˣҶһʵղ˵ʲô
˵Ѿﵽֻ֮һͻ̾磬ҪүүæҲܴﵽ֮
ȷǰŮû˵ѣҶл̲סһȻ֪ƾѪĹϵƾѪһͻƿﵽ֮Ҳû뵽ȻһӴﵽ֮
һЦĿǰĺ꣬г˾ϲ漴İɴɽ󺰵ллүүСл
һ˲ٴαһ˿ϲã漴һԵϢٴν뵽ڡ
ǸϿжɣڵѪûȫɢھСĸʲ
ʱ򣬻ʱҶҲһֻеϲãѾСĸ׵ˡ
СǻҪҪȾȺĸףлǰ
ĵ˵ͷһԼĸף϶ʱ¶һ˿ٴζǰİɴɽ˵үүȥҵĸףл㡣
û֪үүԼҲͬˣûκεĳɣ漴˱㳯Żʺ޹ȥ
ûκεõѪҺѪҺ֮УѪںϣûаʱ䣬Ĳȫˡ
ŻָĸףĿ۸ϵһطžñļͥϲá
һԵҶ쿴ǰˣкȻԼļңҶѾȵħ֮йһҪԼļλ֪ؼҡ
Ѫ
ʱȻ۵϶ʱ¶һ˿䣬ȻֻһôӹҶ۾
û˶ȣһλ׵˽ǰֻۣһûй


108 ֮Լ
û¹򣬵Ҷ췢֣۲ûκεļƽϣȻһЦĵ˵ͷƺԼĳӹ벻
ϲʺ󲡳ǰҪۣĵ۹Ѿͬҹһ۹֪ô
۵ϲûжٱ飬һĮĿǰĳӣ漴ʵλĵ۹˭
ۣλĵ۹һɳʮ򾫱ɻĵ۹һԪ˧Ҷ޵׼Ҳͳ뻪ĵ۹һ۹
жʱһҶʵû뵽ĵ۹۹Ѿͬһ۹һĵ۹ͳľȻԼĸס
Ȼĵ۹ɳҶ޵УôҹҲ̫㣬
ڣ
ڷͳ˧ʮ򾫱ϻĵ۹һ۹

˵֮󣬶϶ʱ¶һ˿ײЦ漴ȥֱ뿪֮λ۹ɫ
ϣҰԽҲµʱҲûֹܹˡ
ԣϳ˵ǣϾ۹ٷ֮ʮıȨѪУֻҪѪңô۹ҡ
ЩҶ춼ȻС󶼱֮Ϊǲô˵Ҳǻĵ۹һҶ޵еĶӣСԾα롣
ĻҶʱѾ˺ܶ飬ոȥѪ˷֮ģǲ֪ʲôԭǰ۹ܼɵƵġ
һȥϾǱֱ̫ǿˣܿģǱȫ֮ߣʱ۹»ٲ
ϣףҪȢСΪޣλȫǣ
ʱҶʵڲԸȥʵڲҶģϾǰۣܼɵλѪƵġ
ҶܵĵʱΪ˻붫֮ĹϵӶԼŮ޸ĶӶһ
ΪʲôҪҵŮ޸㣿
ȤĿǰĺ꣬Ͼ˼ɣ۹ٷ֮ʮıȨȫڶУԼĹ޸һʵҪΪ£ֻһ׮λˡ
ǻĵ۹һҶ޵еӣƳǵĳӦСĻôҿԱ֤Ѫҡ
ʱһۣһԵĸŮһȵĿ֪ǰĺ굽ʲô˼
Сӣ˵ʲôҪ˵ѪΪ۹˺ͣΪʲôҪԸЦ㿪
֮¶һ˿ɱ˰ҶڣеĸܵˣҶȴû˿Ļš
߸Ȩλ
ֻ˵˰˸֣漴Ҷ㾲վԭأĶǰۣ޹֮жʱžһƬ϶ü
˶Ϊۻû뵽ǣ۲ûжŭȤĿǰʵ֪ʵ
ҡҡͷ漴Ҷ˵Ҳ֪ҵңȷҿ԰ﵽ㡣
Ŀһǰĺ꣬ƺ˼ʲô޹֮е˶ûп˵ǽŵ֣ϳ˵֮顣
иӶһʦǧŵĳϣһǿڣǧűű֧֣۹ʵǿҲһ࿹⣬𣿡
֮һıҶжʱһǺܿȻ漴ŵ˵ҲµûǧֻǱһɰɣ
ô
ЩɻĿ֪ǰ֮꣬һĳɱΪʲôл˵ġ
ղҲѾ˵ˣһʦֻǧŵĳϣôţֻҪǲǧţôԲǳְɣҵ۹֮ڵǿڣѵһССǧų𣿡
ҶĻ䣬۶ʱȻվĿǰĺ꣬ЩʵΪʲô˵
ȻˣһҶȷԼ룬漴ЩĮ˵Ҳµû۱һǿڣʺҲǣټϸոմﵽڵľѵʹ֮û𣿡
£ۣ϶˾֮飬ϾǷ޶ڵ飬۹Ҳûж֪ǰ꣬ȴĵ˳βие𺳡
ҲһȵĿԼĸĸʮȻ֪ԼĸĸǿڣһֱΪүү۹ǿߡ


109 һ
ֻ֪۹ػһһǿޱȵһ̣޹֮е˲ף۹ǿػ񣬾Ȼ۷ˣǿڡ
Σ㲻ҪǣǧŲһʦڣ˵ǧŵѾﵽ֮пͻ֪֮һ۴ʲô
Ȼϣ۸ʱ䣬֮ڣûг׽ǧţôұ㲻ףǰ£֮㲻Сһ
ҶĻ˵ļᶨɣһ̣Ҳûʲôֹһ㣬ǰǵɽ𺣣ҶҲԥȥ
ҴӦ㣬֮ҲὫС޸κˣϣܹ˵
˵֮۱֣޹֮ȥߵſ֮ʱٴ˵ǧż϶һʦһڡ
˵Ҳûͣ漴ܿʧ޹֮ڣĿһǰĺ֮꣬г˹֮ɫ
֮ټ޹ֻʣҶˣһǵĿǰĺ꣬ЩǸ˵Һġ
ô˵˵һңúõĴڻʹ֮ڣʱ䣬֮һȢƳǡ
ĵ˵ͷ漴û˵ʲôϾԼΪԼ飬Լһֵ
漴ĻУһ̵һ˿ҶҲ£§ŻеĿ˶
Ҷ컹뿪۹ϾѾ۶֮Լ֮ŵ֮£ôҶҲѾ¶ģ޸ˡ
ܿҶ뿪۹ڣͷĳǳأҶаԷģ֮Լһٻ
ǲǺ᲻뿪۹
ʱһӵ漴Ҷǰˣǳ֮УվǰһȥֻʮӿС
ʲôˣ
Ժ֮еļ䣬Ҷҿ϶ԼԲʶǰӣеһ˿ȵǣӾȻһߣˣҲΪﵽ֮ߡ
ˣҲҽܣҽжһҸ׾۹Ѫ˵ǰʹˣɷ֪Сҵδޣ
Ҷʱ֪ǰʲôˣԭУ۹ѪĶӶһһΪﵽ֮ߡ
֪ô
ҶĻν֮˻һûʲôȴܲס漴ͬʱˡ
˾ֻҰһ㣬Ϊﵽ֮ʵҲǿˣǶһǿ˵˾ͺĸСһ㡣
Ҷûжһ£ȻһĮӿųˣֱԼֻʮ֮ԶʱҶˡ
£ĵ˲伤֮ǣ߿ˣǺֻܰס֣Żᷢá
û˿߾ǿ֮䣬һǿǰֻһЦһЦ
ĵ׵ɱпǿߣ˵ĳʧҶûбһ¡
ΪڵҶ֪ѾǵǸ˶֮ΪҶүҶѾһǱʵһУֻȭͷ֮вܳ
˲ҲˣұطˣһֱҶΪ׼򣬶ǰӸǳ˱֮顣
ѹָҺʹףԭһ飬ʵܲ
һûΪԼ±ɱе˿ģƣһ֮ĿǰһС
Ҳϻҵʲô飬ֱ˵
ҶɲΪһôԶ׷ԼΪ˺ģҶҲһԼûʲô顣
ȻҲĨˣ㣬Ϊ˺СǺ̸һ£һ㷭Ļᡣ
Ҷû˵ֻĿǰӣǰӵҪԼ˵ʲô
һҲû⣬˵ҲµĲǻĵ۹Ҷ޵еүν۹֪ĵ۹ͳ˧ĸҶ޵С
ô
ǰ֪ԼҶû˿ľȣϾԶ۹Ҫ֪Լֱ̫ˡ
ν۹۹ͳ˧ҵĸͳ죬ʱĶʮ򾫱ȥ۹ǰ·ɱ۹ֻҪҵĸ׵õλô׿϶ûĵ۹Ļλ㿴Σ



ľ λÿռ


110 ǧֻþ
ȻˣѲµǰӻô˵Ҷ첢ûие˿ľȣһ򶨵ĿǰĶһ
ģֻҪҸ۹ĻλôǶҲȫҶϻĵ۹Ļλ
ǰĺƺЩĶһΪԼ˵ٴظһ顣
жʱЦһҶĮ˵ղҲ˵ˣѾף۴Ӧң֪ǽʲôϵ𣿡
һһʱ֮仹ûŪǰ껰е˼漴Ļ˵۽ɡ
ո˵꣬һƺ뵽ʲô漴¶һ˿ŭǺܿɷŭЦݡ
û뵽㻹ͦ˵ģȻ㲻ͬ⣬ôֻðץȥĸӦòʲôΣհɣ
Ҷ첢û˵ʲôֻ۵ĿǰһЦӣȻԷһǿ飬ҶŽնɱ
ʶһǧŵǧֻþ
˵֮󣬶һ˫ֿʼĽתܿһƬӰҶǰ
ȻսʤԷҶ컹û˿Ĵ⣬ô˵ǰӶǧŵĵӣǧŲʲôɣҲڶɡ
Ҷҿ϶һǰʹʲôǧֻþٷ֮ʮǧŵľѧ
ǺܿҶ֪ǧֻþΪʲôǧֻþˣΪǰӵ˫Ʋϻ裬ԼΧľȻ任ˡ
жʱһҶֻоһȫӰһ㣬ôӰǵصϯ
ûκεĳɣҶڵٵתһڤ˲ʱ塣
Ҷе𺳵ǣܵӰƺڤӰ죬ӡϣȻЩõӰܸ˺ҶкˮʯĹ¡
һʹǧֻþ˿£Ҷ첻ţҪʦ߸ǿʹǧֻþʲô
Ҳ߹һʦһǿڣǿĴڣҪǧֻþһʹҶţֻҪһ˲䣬ᱻǰӰɱ
ǲô˵ҪƵһʹǧֻþʱһٷ֮ٱӰնɱ
޼Ǭ
ǿڿʧҶʹֻΪﵽ;֮ʱʹǬ
Ϊﵽ֮ҶҲǬǬһΪ׶Σһ׶Ϊ򽣹ڣڶ׶Ϊ򽣳Ԫ׶򽣹һ
ֻΪﵽ֮ȫʹǬĵһ׶뷢һ̣ҶѾɲôࡣ
ΪҶ֪һʹ뷢ôȴֻһ³
ǬһҶܺȻӰҲǬһ׶򽣹ڣֻΪﵽͲʹǿ
ӰӰ֮жʱһ˿˿ڵٵתҶȻоһ˿ĵĸо
ʱҶĺȻһŻԵɻԵոӿڣҶоԼһ̳
֮Ҷܹȼʹʹ򽣹ڣΪڸղŽͷҶαѪ
ӵбѪ߾ȷļÿһߣǿߣӵеıѪҲԲᳬʮΡ
ÿһڵıѪҪٴλֱָϼˣʲôΪͻʥ֮ҪȻΪ½Ҳż̡
ҲΪʲô߲ǵͷҲԸѪԭڵʮαѪȫĹ⣬ô·Ҳû˿İ취
Ҷɻļ룬ֱʱһ漴򽣹ڶʱһͷųǧֻþҲ˲䱻ơ
ӰʧʱҶ컹̲סһɫֱ԰ֽû˿Ѫɫ
ԼľѧǧֻþƣһҲޱȣԼ׾ѧжô󣬾һҲƵǧֻþ
ȻҵǧֻþȻӣ
һ֮¶һ˿ݶСﵽԴʦ׾ѧ֮һֱΪ֮У޵еĴڣǾһ̣޵ȴһˡ
ҸǣΪֻǴﵽһ֮һֱŸղһС
ǧֻþѾƣ㻹ʲôһʹʡһһнӣѵ֪鷳𣿡


111 Ѫ
ҶĻֱ֮һ֮߰˵ܵ衣
Ҷ죬ɸҽһ
кβң
жʱЦһҶ첻֪һ̣ǰΪʲô˵ģǧŵľѧǧֻþѾƵӻʲôʹ
Ļһƺ֮Ц飬ʱЦЦ֮г˿֮顣
漴һȻֹͣЦԴ֮ɫĿǰĺ꣬˵֪Ϊʲôжһ
жʱһһֲõԤ˲УҶüͷ΢΢𣬵ȴû˵ʲôڵ׾ٵת
ղΪ˶ԸǰʹǧֻþҶ첻ϧαѪȻǧֻþҶк
ҪһͻȻֵĻ˵һ̵䣬Ҷ֪ܹһ꣬ôαѪҲټꡣ
Ҳ̣ΪҲ½ҪǹɰԵʹӿ룬˵Ϊֱ˵ֱӶ˵׼
Ҷ챾ΪԷľѧǧֻþԼƣⳡսӦÿԵΪֹˣҶкǸյһԾ
ƺǰеĹǣһٴЦ˼֮¶һ˿ǿҵĲ֮ɫޱ˵֮ҽжһΪÿγֻһûһܹҵĵڶ
˵֮󣬶һ֪ʲôʱ֮кȻһͨɫ߳ʱʱɢһ˿
˽Ϊڤǧŵ֮ڴ˽֮µߣΪﵽ֮ǲóģǶһ֮ˣʹ֪ٶҲͽ͡
ҲһҶʵû뵽ǰоȻһ񽣣Ҵ˽ɱ棬òҶҲ֪ڤ񽣵Ρ
ûж˵ʲôҶ֪һԼ˵ʲôҲȻֻʵ˵һУ漴ڵ󹦾ٵת
˽ҿԴӦ㣬ܹҵһôұ뿪Ȼ
һȻûаѻ˵꣬е˼ȴԲˣ󻺻ľ֮еڤ񽣣ڵٵӿ뵽֮С
ڤ񽣵õĹ䣬ʱһĽֱ֮󣬾㶫һʹеɢҲһԵֵġ
ԷΪ׼Ƽؼ켶񼶣Ҷҿ϶ǰе񽣣һѴﵽ֮񽣡
ڤɢһ˿˿ĺվʮ֮Ҷ춼ĸܵҶɣֻҪڤһ£Լ뿪ɢ
ʱһķȻ𣬶ҶȻԸǴһƬ֮С
Ҷ֮УȻһֻǧɵͨɫҶѵĻһ֣֮ᷢϵǧɻǰҶҵĴ֮塣
սƶҶڸҶ壬Ե޹ʵ뵽֮УȴǰĻ˲֮ϡ
ķ쳹أʱڤ񽣣ƺܵսһ㣬ͬһޱȵĽ쳹ء
漴һǧɸߵѪóھ֮ϣǧɻҡҡ˴۵Ķš
֮µĶһѱɵˣĿž֮ϺȻֵǧɹҶһ¡
Ȼһõڤ񽣣Ϊ̫ͣʹڤ񽣵ڤ񽣿ȻֵǧɻŻȻ
ʱһ֮УѿտҲոջеڤ񽣣ѻǧѪóϾˡ
һķһĽквͬʱཻһ𣬵ؼΪ֮
Ѫõƺǰǧɻ漴һѪϢ˲˾֮ϣѪҲʱˡ
ǺܿѪñͣΪʱһ漴һֻǧʱھ֮ϡ
ǧֵһ̣Ѫöʱ˪˵һ㣬û˿Ѫתܣٶ֮죬Ҷ쿴Ҳһһġ
֯һɰԵĻԺˮԵϢ˲һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿǧ֮Ѫá
һҵĽʱ漴ǧѪ±ڤ񽣣ȴڶһУǱ֪ʲôҶ죬֮С
ǧɻǧܵĻţ漴ֻ˲صҶ֮С


112 ƿڴ
۾Ҷֱڶ֪ʲô飬еڤ֮ʱֻеһɻ
ǺܿҶô˵Ҫıǰӣ漴һǰӸµĿǰӡ
ˣоӴ˵Ϊֹ
жʱһ仰ոԼ˵һգ۵ʱ䣬˵仰ȴǱĵˡ
ҪˣڵĹϵ˹ɱңҸ׾ԲŹҶңʱ۹ʮתǹͷ׼ĵ۹Ӧøɡ
һѪĶӣ֮ңҶһ̻ȷǲɱǰӣȴԡ
ڻƳǵ·ϣҶϳϲ֮飬ȥ۹Ⱥ˻ʺ󣬻õһλ֪
ие˷ܵǣԼȻõڤ񽣣֪ΪʲôҶ쿴еڤ񽣣ԽԽϲ
ڵѾȥĵӣɫ˼㣬Ϊһǿڣǧŵĳϣһֻ֮ǰôһӡ
һӣԶԶһϲǾһ̣ԼϲĵӣȻնӣһΪϡ
һƢ𱬵ĸ˵ưոݣǶڿȻŵǿϢ¡
Ȼ֣вǿϢȻеһļ£ôֻ˵ϵһΪߣһ޷ƥеĶ֡
ôȾһ˵ȵһѹʲô㣡
а漴ϻԵӣ漴۶ȥ
Ҷ¶һһʱ֮Ʋסʲô飬ȻΪﵽ֮Ȼġ
֮£Ҷֻն˶һӣΪ˲Ϊ䣬ַϵ˶һΪ
֮ҶڻصԼķƳǣӣ뿪ƳѾʮˣû⣬ɽկɽӦõƳǡ
صԼլԺȻ룬ΪլԺ֮ûһˣɽկɽկѾƳǣӦöȥˡ
Ƴǳ֮⣬ĶţǷɽկɽկֵܼʿѪػƳǳǽ֮ϡ
ֻҪκһҶƳ˺ôԥķѪʵУɽկ⣬˿˵ˡ
ӥֻҪ㽻ǼǷ򸾶˿Լ̣պǻ׼ң㲻ҽ̤ƽƳǣŹһˡ
׿ǰˣޱȵķŭڰǰǷ򸾺ò׵õһȴӥ͵ȥҪҪ£˵ʹŷɽկ̤ƽƳˡ
ͼһ˵ģ߾֮ȻҵõˣôͼУǷôɽկ㵽ס
жʱЦһ˲֪ͼ᲻֪أͼΪϹ˵ŤתǬͨ
Ȼӥ֪׷ôõİͼǼȻͼһԼԼͼҲύȥġ
ƨͼҷǧƴģģҷ֮ʣȻ͵˰ͼǷֻҪһ仰ͼǽ
޷ûôõƢֱϵɱ˰㷭ǰȥ
ĹƨһＶˣȻˣ治֪ôģҵ˵ˣͼûУбԼá
ޱԼĸףһǰٸȻôǰƿڴƢôܵˡ
漴ˣ˵ϣӥֹΪʱӣΪǷ֮ʱѾˡ
㣡
һ֮жʱ¶һ˿Ȼʵԣôܺȡ
ΪѾﵽ̴ԲֻҪͻƿԴﵽ֮ʱ֣˵лᡣ
һ̵죬ǰǰֱǸЦһЦ
ǿ׷ȴûгֵ֣ľȻһֱû¶ķףһΪﵽһ֮ߣҲǿ׺;޷Ķӣɽկկ
ĵĿżŮӣ漴϶ʱһǿɱһɰԵ쳣˲һӿȵĳǰŮӼȥ
ֱ֣ȴˣϾԼʵߵʵǿҲսʤһߡ


113 ұ֮
һ̣жˣΪѾﵽһ֮ĽӥҲǳһ˿֮顣
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ǱϾѾ֣ǷҲˣһǿ˵նɱһߣֻҪһӼɡ
Ѿ壬Ҳı۾еֵǣûκε顣
޼Ǭ
ֻ߻һϵ漴˫ֻۣǰһվǰ
ĲǱˣǼʱҶ죬ով죬ҶҲû˿ԥ漴ʹǬ
ֻһΪﵽһ֮ߣôֵܵסҶϽû˿˲׵ϣ˲䱻俪ʮŸС
ʮŸСȪʱѪ뷢Ҳĵȥڿ׺;޷绹ûе֮ʣҶѾصԼһ
§ŻѾȥĶӣ޷˷һ㣬Ե˲˷ԲɵĵطֻҪֵɽկ˲Ѫ
һȴǷɽկɽկɽկˣѱӥͷų֣û˿ˡ
µǺˣɽկԶ޳ԹģΪʲôҪ´˶֣
׻ǣ֮¶ĺݶ֮ɫʮ֮ԶҶ춼ĸܹܵɱˣôҶţԼѾ֪ɱˡ
Щ˻ǲô˹ҵļңٲ֣ƳǶֻһԭ˲Ҳˣұ֮
䣬һɸӰԵɱ˲ֱӳϾڳÿһˣӥһ
˺ӥ֮⣬ڳĴ߶ѾĸܵǿȻֻһ顣
ǽӥȴǳһ˵𾪣Ϊ֮ǰǰ껹ֻһΪﵽһ֮ߡ
ǽֻȥ˰ʱ䣬ΪȻһȼﵽ˶֮Ϊٶȣֱݣֲ
ǸƳǵĳҶ죿
ĵ˵ͷжʱЦһҶ첻ŷɽկƳǵʱûдƳǵһС
ҪǽԼʵסˣǰӸԼϻʱˡ
ʵΪôﵽĶ֮Ҷжɻѣ·ҲʹʯӣûеõȷеĴ𰸡
ôҶֻ뵽һܣǱ붫һսԷʹľһ漴Ե޹ʵĻԣ֮󲻽õڤ񽣣ش˶һΪҲﵽ˶֮
֪ɽկɽկ֮ĶԹȻǣǸһˣ
Ҷֱе漴Щͷ˵ҪҪҪĻ鷳һ㣬һкܶҪûʱǡ
ҶĻֱ˼㣬ԽǰĿԽûףȻǰֻһ飬ǲ֪ΪʲôֲõԤС
лл
ʱȻҶûлͷһۣΪͷԷȱʲô˵ˣϲġ
ֻһ飬ʲô֮ǰԼûǸʵҪ鷳Ϊϳļˣû˻
ȻҶ쾡ԼĻίЩкЩ˵֮󣬻ǻݺݵ˵ߵǸŮӡ
һȴҶʧˣ첻ûие˿ˣһĿ漴ٴ˵лл㻺˵ߡ
͵ĿһŮӣ漴ҶӥǰЩĮ˵ô˵ⶼ֮ĶԹȽ֮£ڳ֡
˵֮Ҷ֣ҲԸԸ⣬ֱӳƳȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˳ǽ֮ϡ
үղʵ̫ˡ
Ҷոյִǽ֮ϣƨƨߵܹһǷӿǰĺֱ꣬ڣҵܹǰꡣ
εĿһǰ࣬ԼΨһĽ죬Դе˵׼𣿡
үһʮѪѾȫúãֻҪһ£⣬˽˲ʧ
ĵ˵ͷ֮¶һ˿֮飬ʱһԵĻȴһһŵĿǰĶˣ˼ԲǾǴɣ
ǰŮӵӣҶѾ֪п϶ţҶҲûʲô漴˵㲻ţ


114 
ҲֱԲ˵ţȻ˻ûаóףжףһǳ綼Ҫٵ顣
ǴΣ
Ҫʲôģ
ȵҵѪҪǰѶԷ˲ôһ¡
Ҫǲأ
һ¡
ʱݺݵİһǰ꣬漴Ҳûٹʲôģǿǽ֮¶ӵ˫г˵ǡ
ǽ֮£޷ȻŻеʬͣĿţ׷ͺڷˣôһ˺ʹĵ顣
漴޷绺վһʱڵϵʬ֮ϣһգ۵ʱ䣬ױ㳹׵ʧ֮䡣
漴޷Ŀһ۳ǽ֮ϵĺ꣬ûж˵ʲôǿǰӥĮޱȵ˵ͼûһܹ뿪
޷ղʧȥһӣ׵һ˿Ӱ춼ûУһ̵ľ޷ŸӵĿ¡
үﻹ̣Ҫһӣ˵Ѿˣƺûʲôһ
ųǽ֮µľ޷磬Ҷһ̾Ҫ֪ɽկѾˮݵĵزôҲ´˶֡
Ҳµûȵ޷紦ӥ֮ĶԹôԥ̤ƽƳǡ
̤ƽƳǣ֮ãʱ򿴿̤ƽƳǣ̤ƽǡ
֪ɽկҪ̤ƽƳǣ಻û˿ĵǣ¶һ˿˷ܣҶ֪ʱԵΪʲô˷ܡ
϶ʱ¶һ˿֮飬ӥǰٸЩĵ˵˭涨ͼǣҴ˵ˣӦ߾֮˭ʵǿͼ˭ġ
ҪʵھͱʵǴսһĲҪȳͼһҪԼ
޷ȻĮޱȵ˵һԵĿײûзʲô֮¶ǹ飬Ѿ˵˺ܶණ
û⣬Ǿʤɣÿһ˫ɴһֻ֮Ҫܹʤôһʤô
УӥΪѾﵽֻ֮Ҫһ˱ԺɨǷˣսǷ򸾶սӥһŽͼһиԵ
ӥƺ˵ʲôȴһֱûпڵĽӥ漴˵ǴӦ㣬Ǳĸˣ̸
ԣټʮ˶ԡ
޷û˿ԥӦҪΪ֪ǰӰѰͼصʲôطǷ򸾸ô໰
漴ӥתĴ˳ȥ㿴Ҷߡ
ҪİæӮˣôҿԴӦ㣬ӴԺɽկƳǵˣȻƳǵĳ
磬һ˵
ʱ򣬺ӥȻŪýӥ֮¶һ˿֮ɫȻû˵ʲô
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ô
ǷҲóһ㹫ƽ
˺ӥĻҶжʱеһЦ޳ܵģǴûмô޳ܵģ˼ҵıģھȻ˼һģֱ޳
ӥ˷һߵߣպҲü档
Ȼ˶ԷĻǾ޷磬ҲһķŭǺӥıȴһǰԸⲻԸӡ
ãҴӦǣһžż޵ҲԵֵͼˡ
ֱ޷óһžż޵ӥĵ˵ͷҶȴһΪһžż޵жôѵˡ
޴ﵽ֮ʱ򣬲ܽԼ޵ҲʵԾһ־һžż޵ȴ൱ء
ȻǰѸԵıȫԼ£ʡĵʱһ䣬ҲŲ֪١
һǰĿףӥҲû˵ʲô漴ӻȡͼһͼ˳ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ͼС
һ̣ҶļʶİͼһߣߵķͭУ治֪̻ʲô
ǿʼɡ
ͼ֣׷򸾶ʱһɴӣʱҶȴȻ˵ӥǰ±޹أΪʲôҪͽӦһ£֮飬һٹΪ
˵ʲôȻҪ̸Ǹʸ𣿡


115 вŮ
ǰĻǺӥӥҲһķŭֻнӥȻһĮӡ
Ҷûٶ˵һϻƴԲⱾǰӲӦ漴ת㳯ųȥ
ʲô
ӥĻҶʱͣ˽Ų漴˵ԼȥƴȻҪлرɵϡ
ӥ˵ʲôȴȽӥ漴ٴʵҪʲô
ɱҪΪҵ£Ҳǰͼǿžż޵ȫҵġ
ԣҴӦ㣬Ҫһ֮ɱǣǲֵģܹɱˣһŵ
ӥĻ˶оһ𣬲֪ΪʲôӦ꣬ǲǺӥǰӥûڶ˵ʲôϾӥϴ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ㳯ǰȥܿ˿ײٲλãĮĿǰˣҶ϶ʱɢһǿս⡣
ɽկȫ˺֮ԶҪƳǵʱȴ⵽ķԡ
ӥʱŭޱȣǽӥȴûκεıʾ֮ʵҪƳǣѪ󣬿Ҳֵס
Ҫһ֮Կ
ϳ˾֮ɫȻ֪ǰʵȷǿǲô˵ǰΪֻһﵽ֮ߡ
򸾾㲻ʹ֮Ҳȫսʤ꣬ϾԼ򸾶˵ΪѴﵽ֮
Ҷû˵ʲôڵٵתһӴʱ˷Բʮ֮ڵÿһ䡣
޼Ǭ
ʮŵýӰʱǰ漴ǰ˼ȥԵĽԶƳµ˶ĸܵ
ֱһ̣ײΪʲôǰ˵ĿȻֻǶ֮ʵǿѾһʵ
֪ΪʲôкȻһֲõԤУԼ򸾶˵һˣ˭ҲǰĶָ֣оôС
룬ȴû˿ԥ򸾶ͬʱʹε֣ҲʱʮŵѾݺݵļ֮ϡ
ȻѾµǰʵǿʱ䵽Լµ֮ʱϻǳһĲš
µ˫֣Ȼûбƿȴ緺ˣѾ΢ơ
׸磬壡
ĵ˵ͷοҲСǰֻ꣬һѾܹʵǿ
ȻҶѾǵһμŵ֮ǵǰĿ޷˺֮󣬻̲סһ
Ϊǰ˺֮󣬱һвŮаɵ֣Ҷеȵǣ֮֮ϵϢٵǿ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ɢǿϢѾﵽ͵ʵܹɢϢ
Ҷ֪ΪʲôӥʵҲԸǰĹｻȻӥΪѾﵽһ֮ǺǰĹȣһ֮ϡ
һ̸˼ʱΪҶڳõĻᡣ
ת
Ϊﵽ֮ʱҶѾ˾תĵһתڵٵת
ʱһӰҶϣͷǰİɹţһ쳹صҶ﷢
Ƴµӥһ֮ɫҲʵû뵽Զĺ꣬ʵǿ
֮ǰСӻֻһΪﵽ֮ͷ꣬ô̶̵İ£СӵʵȻﵽ˶֮¾ڵңĶˡ
ŲԺ廤ĺ꣬ӥ¶һ˿ȣЩε̾
壬Ҷ쵱ֻ֮ʱҲĶ֣ﵽ˶֮¾ʮ壬ҲһĶ֡
ԴҶԼҶ̬ȶʱһһٰʮȴת䣬ӥҶ죬ʱ༥
˵С죬ǲϲǸСˣŮһҲǺܲġ
ǰŮӣӥϳ˳֮飬֮и¶һ˿顣
컹˵ʲôǰԶѾˣֻҶٵĳǰİּȥֻʮ֮ԶʱҶҽһţʱȥ

ɹĴһһװʱҶֻоԼĶĤֱ졣
ڵȻٵתţ漴ϵİþ˲ӿȵĳǰĹＤȥ


116 ն
ɹʱһ漴ɢһɰԵаֱҶͷųİӰײһ
һʱ漴ҶѪɫҲ˲תףͣǰİҲ΢΢һûʲô˺
жʱһԼСǰĺ֮û˿ԥ漴Ҷȡոյõڤȡ˳
Ȼ붫һĴս֮Ȼ˹ȥҶȴ֪Լڤ񽣣ֱޱȡ
û˿ĳɣڵڤٵӿ뵽ڤ֮У˲һɷӽɢһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿǰİ֡
ڤ֣Ҷޱȵһ̣Ҳûʲô˿赲ĽŲ
ǰİ֣ڸܵɢ佣֮Ȼ֪Ϊʲô΢ĲһɷĿֻš
磬ʲôôйļ£һնɱһ㡣
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ݺݵһԼĿˮӥкһԼ磬ҲԶȻóˡ
ΪûмԼ磬ʲôʱϳֹ飬ʱսҹħȡϹ汦ͼʱҲû¶顣
һ̵ҶȴЩģȻõڤ񽣣Ϊʵ̫ˣڵʵԷӳڤ񽣵
֮Զһʹٷ֮һڤ񽣵ȫΪĹͣ㶫һΪﵽ֮ҲͬӲڤ񽣵
Ҷ𼸵αѪ˵ʲôҲУҶ֪Ѫǿʱʵǰ֮Ҫ̫ĴۣԶԶܲ
Ϊʦһ֮ҪסͷΪʦպ󲻻㣬պҲѪ֪𣿡
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻԺ֮УҶжʱһϲû˿ԥӦ
Ҫа취˭ԸԼıѪǿ൱һ൱ɱΪҶ컹꣬ҪǶһǧֻþ̫ڰԵҲѪֵ
ҶʱһӴʱ뵽ڣոսڣҶоںҪըһ
Ҳʱ̣ҶоԼй˵ǿ󣬺ǧʯǰҲһȭɷĩһ㡣
ľеڤ񽣣ʯӴҶ˵ȫ䵽е֮ϣڤϱ㱬һޱȵǿϢ
ʱؼȻ˾޷磬Ϊﵽ֮ӥܲɺȻľ޷硣
˵۾޷紵ʱҶеڤ񽣺ȻնȥûпǣҶ󣬺ȻһӰսѪá
ѪóҶ֮ʱոջޱ׶İɹֲĶһ㣬ŵֹ
ҶҲǿѣʵû뵽Ӷһڤ񽣣ӵе֮󣬾ǰĹﶼ޷ӵס
û˿޷ĺ֮˲㱻ҶʹڤնϣһڵѪҺһء
޷ĺ֮ȣ˵³ҲֻһǱǳ׵䣬ʬ徲ڵϣ޷Ĵš
޷ֹͣʱ˰ӥڣ׵ɵˣΪľǣһĮĿǰʬ塣
߾ȻǸոջҫİɹɽկ˿Լλկɱ֮󣬾Ȼûһ˳˵һ仰
֪ʲôʱ򣬷ɽկȻһɾ漴ɽկǰĺȥһⶼ˾֮ɫ
ʵֱ̫ˣǳÿһɽеĵһ뷨жֻһԸǾǰ겻Ҫɱ䡣
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ղſװǿžż޵˭ˣ
ȻѾնɱ˿޷磬ҶɲԼӮıһžż޵ǲɶõı
޵
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117 ˿˿ɱ
ȭͷСľż޵ҶжʱйԺУʮһֱ˳֮Ϊһ̣Ϊﵽ˶֮һõһžż޵
Ƴǵĳһ֮սʤΪﵽ龳ߣһ̵Ҷ죬оԼǷ
Ȼǵկ֮жԹȴԩ޳µҾ˫ֻӭµģҲһ͡
˵֮Ҷ쳯ƳȥܿӥǰΪԼ֮лһҪõǾҪõİͼ
û뵽㲻ʵǿһһǰ̫͹ˣ֮ĶԼӮˣӽԺϱҲûɽկĴˡ
磬򲻿ɡ
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ǽӥȴûȥ˵ĺӥĶǰĺ꣬漴˵ɽկƳǲ⣬ǰͼȴܸ㡣
ȻǰӵĻҶûие˿ľȣϾɽկַΪ˰ͼҪѰͼͳȥ˭ҲԸ⡣
˵õģֻҪնɱ˿޷ˣͼ͹Уֲͼʲô˼
Ȼ֪ǰӻ˵ҶȻоŭޱȣҪǽӥӣ˵ѳˡ
ȻǰɽӥΪﵽ֮ߣеĽӥǴﵽ֮Ҷһȴ˿Ĳǡ
ǰ˵ǣϾԼΪֻǸոմﵽ֮Է飬һƴ֮ҪʹսҶʻûǸʵ
ղŵһսһŵľѧֱ֮Ϊ֮Ҳƾڤʦնɱˡ
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ĻӥɫҲʱΪʵԶԿߣԸΥƫƫնɱ˶ˡ
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ҶҲû˿϶ʱһǿս⣬漴ڵٵתȻ֪ԼնɱǰӣϾӥĸס
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˵֮еİͼǰĺ꣬һ䵽ӡ
֪ղԼʲô𣿡
ӥжʱһͼҪԣҪȻɽկҲðôȥɽկ˺Ƥһʰ
ҺԼʲôⳡԼô˵ҶӮˣ԰ͼ۴ĸǶ˵ӦĲûд
ᶨŮӣҶжʱһů˹һ̣ҶаĵպôṼǰŮӡ
ӥû˵ʲôֻĿǰĺ꣬漴˵ͼɽկպƳǵġ
Ҫǲͼأ

ӥû˿ԥ˵ҲûκεΣһɱɱ˲˲ǰĺꡣ
ܵıɱҶ첢û˿ãֳһǿս⣬ƺֻҪһ仰ͣһ㡣
ҿԴӦͼǿһĲҪӮˣͼԺҲҪ̸ˣѰͼ㣬ҵҲ㡣
¸ֵӥϳ֮ɫˣ漴ԥĴӦ˵ʲôȴҶ˵֮£㲻Ҫͽ
漴Ҷ쿴ǰӣ˵֮ƳǣֻҪܹƳǣôԼӮˡ


118 նݳ
ҶĻʱд󾪣ȻƳ򣬵ǲô˵ƳȻһȥʵĳǳء
ɽկɽһߵҪǹƳǵĻֱһ׾ٵ顣
ãҴӦ㣬֮һǣʱϣԶš
û˿ĳɣƺǰĺᷴƵģӥûи˵أ漴ɴĴӦ
˱Ƴ֮С
˵⻰Ҷϳ˼ᶨ֮ɫӥû˵ʲôɽկȫĿ뿪Ƴǡ
ʱһȥӿٵߵҶǰȻһǿҵľ֮ɫ
ɻĿһԼԵӣҶʵ飿
ĵ˵ͷȻЩС˵Ƿɽկ˰˰˲Ը⣬ȫԸƳǣǡ
˵֮󣬿ϳڴ֮ɫû˿ľȣ漴ĵ˵ͷҶ˵Һܻӭǵļ룬ǽǣʱȻ˽ӹǡ
жʱһϲ漴лл֮󣬱˼ٵĳƳǸȥӹ˵ܲݡ
ҶҲûкҽýʲô漴ֳƳȥĿһǰһۣ漴Ҳȥ
ȻҶŷɽկȺɽǰĻ˵Ⱥɽ뾭ϸѵ֮ſԳΪԼˡ
ҶҲûж˵ʲôЩȫֵܼܣԴƳһս֮Ƴǳһ֮նɱɽկλկʱ롣
һƳҲʲô֪ĵط۹ǵǿڣҶصۣζ벻Ū
۸Ӹе˼ǣҶҵǸ֮Ϊ꣬ھȻҡһΪһǿߡ
ĵ۹ʹһ֮УɫĿǰˣһΪﵽ֮ĵ۹ʦϷӡ
ϷҲʦֵܣ۹Ĺʦ֮λãһ֮±˻ĵ۹
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Ķŭˣ۹ֲ۹ֶ֮ԸҶңȴôһ飬ʹ˹˼ɡ
ǰһŭĴۣϷһ̾ȻҲһλΪĻʵۣǲ֪Ϊʲôܸоǰȱһʲô
ȱٵĶǡǡһϸʵ߱Ķȴûֶ
ϣ޷ʵʶǷûһҵĶ֣֣¡
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Ϸ˵ļᶨ⣬һһֱûп˵ߣʱȻ˵ϷòףҶػ۹ûйҲпͣðʧĳҶңµʱԷ١
߷ɫ۶һ漴˵壬ҶҵĹ̫ǱҶңʱ򹦸߸Ϊ鷳ˡ
ȻʵѾ˾ϣôϷҲ˵ʲôˣϷʵۼסһ仰ʲô鶼Ҫ̫ȵضûС
˵֮û£漴תٵ뿪ң뿪֮۵ɫʱٴת䡣
ģϲĶҸʵʦͿԺ޼ɣҪǿмֵϣͰɱˣùϷӣҶҵͽˣؼסһ㣬նݳ
ǣϡ
жʱһϲ漴ϷҲٵ뿪ңȴֻʣһˣʱһɫӰʱ
ôˣǲʲôˣ


119 Ҷ
ۿǰĺɫӰϿ˿ı棬ոպûзһ㡣
Ҹ㴫۹ľ뱣֣۹һҶ˿ֹ
ɫӰԵһ㣬û˿ĸ飬ĮĿǰһ֮ûΪһ֮
ĵ˵ͷ۲ûж˵ʲôϾŴµĻһ֮ҲΥ
껰ɫӶʱʧ֮УһƬڵķ䣬۵֮¶һ˿֮С
ĵ۹ҶҸڣһȫ¶һƬϲ֮УΪҶүһ֮նɱߵ飬Ѿ۹ÿһǳء
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Ϊֹ۹ǰҶ޵б컪ĵ۹ʮ򾫱뿪˵ضеȴҶү
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һѾͬϲЦտ̾λ˵еүȻҶ³֮ΪȴĨɱһ˧Ȩ
Ҷĸûж˵ʲô֮¶Ѿ˵˺ܶණңŶϷ򣬾š
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ףСնɱ˿޷ôڶģֱ̫ˣСʵȻǿҲֻһ̣ôնɱߣ
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νţ»ҶУǧԸһǧˣ˵ֱ׾ٵ顣
ʲôҪ˵ˣֻҪסһ㣬߳٣ֻҪ˵İ죬ȫȫǰ


120 ս
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һ־ʯĿңҶ󱯰ķ֣ǧֻʣٲҲˡ
ʱϿߺȻһ춯صĺ漴ʱ֪ʱҶ跢ԼܾȻ˿ľ֦
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һǰ֮ʣȻһ˿뵽ĶУ漴ҶɺӴĹ֮С
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ҶеĲǰսǲǵǸŴѹսʣ漴뷨㱻ˡ
սľǿߣôܻ֣֮һôӴһ¹ǲô˵Ȼҵ¹ôҶ㲻ύȥ
һʱ䣬Ҷսһ飬˵ǹʵѰңҶ첻ţôһ¹ûб
ǺܿҶʧķ֣һЩճƷ֮⣬Ҫ˵ʲôˣһʯûҵ
ڴ֮ϵλҶüͷ˼ţʵ벻ͨǹɺ˴֮ڱʧӰ١
Ҷȴܿ϶ǹɺԼɢģһһҹȻûҵκε
ǹɺҵǴʲôطɢģΪʲôҲأ
ԽԽǸе죬Ҷ֪ϾɽկĶԼвʱ䣬ܲȥϾԸǿߡ
ȻԼѪģҶкûԼǣƣֻҪӥһֹټѪ»һ˲䱻١
вһ̾漴ҶĿһǰĴһۣ֪Ϊʲô֮սĸֵʱкȻ˵ĸоʶĸо
ǿѹеǹ˵ĸо漴Ҷתٵ뿪ս֮ܿУڴţƺûʲô鷢һ㡣
ʱȻ峿̫һ̣Ƴǵĳǽ֮ϣվеʿÿʿԱ߱ӵһѪ
ֵܼվ˵ǰˣڴĿƳǵԶȴǵĵ˵ҽҲ˳ǽ֮ϡ
ʿ޾ĵȴǿĶ֣ҲǸеһ𺳡


121 һ
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漴Ҷ쿴Եҽã˵ȵϣǲҪ֣֮ĹƽԾȴ˺
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ҽһʲôû˵Ϊѱǰʵɵˣʱ˵Զʧϡ
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һΪǼүӮ𣿲ҪˣһߣǼүȴֻһһ𣿡


122 ո
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¶һ˿Ҷʹοռ˲˼ӥ
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ӮˣӴԺɽկƳǣͼҲУպӥҲ£½ӥ
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ףɽѾȫˡ
ǰԼĸףֱһ̲֪ʵжôǿ


123 
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124 
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125 λÿռ
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126 ֮
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127 ǧɴ
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жʱһҶȴûͣϢĿˮ¶ȥ·һֻǿĴܡ
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ҶȴΪҹӻɴﵽĿĵأԽûΣգҶľԽǿ
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һִǧɵĴ£Ҷһ漴֮ȡһŻɫĹʵ
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Ҷеһ˿ȵǣʹƮ첽벻˰ԾŹķΧ֮ڡ
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ȻڵΪ޷ԾŹ壬еķλҶȴȫ
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֪һ£ܹҳһ£ҶǰûнӴ󷨣ô̵ʱڣôҳԾŹĳڴ
Ʈ첽Ȼٵţֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾѰԾŹзλһ飬Ȼûܹҳڴ
ϾԾŹзλǲϱ仯ģҶзܹ֮ͬʱղͬķλѰҳڣǷ
ʱתۼʱҴţҶȻѰŰԾŹĳڴ


128 ħ
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ʱƣҶֱʹٶȣҵԼҪҵйλû˿ԥƮ첽ֱ˼£ΪҶ֪ɰܾڴһ١
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ȥҲǰ취Ȼһʱ֮ħƲҶкֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹԼ
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ʱĲƣħԽԽ֪࣬жֻħԼܡ
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ҶԺ֮пٵĻŹħһϣʶħҶ컹Ǵӻĵ۹Ļʹ֮пġ
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һҲǵħ֣ʵǧ֮ǰʱ֣ɳʮǿֽۣħնɱ
ҲʹҶһ˸ȫµʶʮۣÿһɳʮۣʵԺɨ½
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130 
ҶأҲҹӸеļ֣Ľ߰·̣Ҷûʲô谭һ·֮ϳ衣
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ʱ򣬾֮ٴγҹӵҶȴû˿ɣΪֵ֪ĵĹأضΣ֮
ȻҶкҹӸµĵĹػΣգǵĹسǰ֮ʱ̲סҶһ
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Ҷ첻ǰǧ³ǿߣǰƣȴôҲԸҲмܲסġ
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һգ۵ʱ䣬ʮŮѾҶǰʮŮʱ໥һеıҶֱۣеıҶĴȡ
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˵ҶӻͳȡһЩǮƸǰѻһڣĹԱһֻҪǮʲôԡ
οǰֻҹȻܹõǮƣҪ˵һˣǷһȺ˽ȥԡ
Ҷ첢ûǣǿеһʵүǲǷʲô飿
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жʱһˣ漴Ҷûʲô㳯źȥһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ뵽˺ǡ
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ٵҵһҿջǮ뷿䣬ΪҶ췢֣ھȻӵвڶʮߡ


131 
ڶʮ߳ںǣҶеһȣǷݳֵıغˣȻܹ֮ǡ
ܹܵʮߵĴڣҶû˿ĵǣϾܹܵϢ˵ЩߵʵǺǿ
ΨһҶиеǵǣǳЩ֮⣬»иǿߴڣֻ޷ܵˡ
֪ΪʲôоƣޱȵҶ죬Ȼ˯ȫʧֻǾڴǰĶ±ߵĽֵ
Ϊһ̣ҶǸоʲô鷢һȻ֪ΪʲôָоҶѡԼĸо
ʱĺܿ죬¹Ҳɬȥ˺ҹ֮ϺȻܲϸ֮꣬俴ȥһˮ
ʱҶжʱһΪǵĶʮߺȻ䶼Ҷ췢֣е߾Ȼһطš
û˿ԥҶ췭뿪˿ջҲٵĳ߾ۼĵطȥʱ䲻ҶѾ֣Լ뿪˺ǡ
ҶһɽƵһ͹ȣҶȴûȥԼϢһʯͷ档
ǰԶҶ쿴ϵߣжʱһΪǰǶʮߣȻ⽫ʮߡ
Ҷеľǣʮ֮УȻнһߣʵ͸
Ҳ˵ʮ֮Ужʮߵʵﵽ֮и֮ϵߣҶû뵽ġ
Ҷʵ벻ͨӵʲôأҲôǰᣬϾΪﵽ֮ﶼ֮
ΪΪﵽ֮һ㱦һŵķֻۣд˵ĸȼıŻᱻ߿ء
Ϊ̫ԶˣҶ֪Զ˵ʲôûа취ҶֻСĳǰ߽ʮ
ֱڣҶǿ˲ԶЩ˵ʲôǺܿ죬Ҷб㱻ݺݵײһ¡
ɽĵ͹֮ڣʮ߷ֳվ򣬶ҶܵǹĶʮһ
ʣµĶʮߣÿʮһҶ췢֣ӺǸĶʮߣûһ˿˵ÿ֮ж¶һ˿ء
ȷֵģѵǧΥ֮µԼ𣿡
ĿǰӣЩʵվľߣÿһ϶ɢһ˿ɱ
ЦЦ漴ͬ˵ѵȷֱڵ𣿱߾֮˭õ˭ģǲ̫Եˣ
ҶжʱһȻ֪ʲôӿ˵ǧţҶȴ֪ʲô
ΪڼǰսһĶһǧŵĵӣһʦǧŵĳϣһΪﵽھߡ
Ҷû뵽ǣνǵ߾Ȼӵǧŵˣ֮жʱ¶һ˿֮ɫжʱЦһ
ҶкѾǧŽõǧŵ֮ڤ񽣣䣬ǧǲŹġ
Ϊ˹ƽ˭ֻҪõصˣôرУ˲ᣬ㿴ô
жʱЦһǰӵĻԼŲţĿǰǧˣǵ˵ͷ
Ȼڲǧţǲ˵ﻹûпڵҲԸ⿴սĳ
ָ££֪ЩɢǷԲμӣ
ʱ򣬴Ӻ֮Ķʮ֮УȻðһĽС꣬ηĿǰŵˡ
ҶҲһΪܹܵȻվ˵꣬Ƕʮɢ֮УΪߵߣһﵽ˶֮
ȻԣǿɲĳЩţֻԶʳǧŵԭǣֻҪıԷһ˭
ֱ˵ǿ˵ĳڣȻûе֣ڳ֮Уûһ֪ĳָ˭
˶еǣǿ֣ƺûǰӵ䣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ҺɢߣȻǧŶܲμӣǵȻҲܣһҪȰһ䣬ǰѾܶߣȴûһŴӺ֮гȥ˼УҵĻѽ꣬Ҫصˣڿнˡ
Ȼֲûзԣ˼ѾԣǾǽԣҾԲһȥ


132 
ֵ˼Բڵ⣬϶¶һ˿ŭڵĻǿˡ
ֲûжͣ漴ɽ֮һĴɽȥڵľҲȥ
ѾأǧҲûͣڽ˺أֻʣ¶ʮɢߡ
Ҳȥֵֻģ뿪ˣףҺˡ
Ҳȥˣǵġ
ʮɢ֮У˲뿪ʮɢߣֻʣɢȻͣԭأո˵ĽСҲС
ʱҶҲûأ֮󷽷˳ȥܿǰǰɢޣҶ˵ҽҶ죬Ҳһɢޣ֪ԲԼǡ
Ҷеޱȵǣǰɢ֮УȻûһ˴Ƶġ
εҡҡͷҶҲû˵󣬿ٵĳȥĴɽȥ
ܿ˱Ѿһ˶ĺڶ֮УǺڶ֮ȴӵĸͨߵͨһʯдںǧš
ò°Ҳ֪Լʲô˼ͨѾ룬Щ˸š
ģΪԼ˲ʲô߾Ͳߣʲô˲м䣬һ
˵֮󣬰֮еһ󺺶ʱŭĴһͨ漴㳯֮ͨУΨһûб߹ͨȥܿıʧǰ
Ҷڵ֮Уʱпٵ뿪ˣϾ˭Ҳһźߣ˵Щô
ڲǧڣѾȷǣҪǣЩɢпһ룬ôļʼֱ̫ˡ
˵뿪ںڶ֮еĳҶ֮⣬иո˵Сһȥϲϵһӡ
ҽйҶ԰ɣʲô
ʱӺȻԱţ漴ŽСʵҶĵ˵ͷʾ˵ĺܶԣҾͽҶ졣
СˮУӰɣõƽ֣Եô
Сˮǰˣ¶һ˿ϲãϾһ޵ģ˵˵ܹõջ
Ҷ쵱Ȼû⣬νƳǣûõʲôԼĺԸ
ȻҲû˿⣬ȻһΪﵽ֮ߣǸҶĸоɵģȴҶһ˿Ӱ졣
ûͣ漴˳мͨȥܿû뵽֮ͨУڶָֻƽ֮ɫֻһ˿˿ڶ롣
ͨڵһλСˮڵڶλҶֻ˵ƨɺ棬һ˿˿ʱʱƮҶı֮С
һڿµҶľٶʱǰǰ˷֣漴Ȼͣ£Сˮûע⣬ֱײ˹Ӵ֮ϡ
ʲôΪʲôͻȻͣ
ԼСۣСˮһŭ벻ĿǰȻͣĴӣڽСǰǰĹǴˡ
˼ЦЦСˮһǸЦݣ漴꣬ʵ˵Ҷ죬ղʲô
жʱһ̾Ҷ治֪ɵɵǼɵҶ컹û˿Լʲôǰӡ
Ļ漴¶һ˿ãȻ漴ſкݺݵһڣĳһ
ȻйȻһɺζֱ̫ˣһûŵŵζСˮҲʡ
ֻſ֮еûзֵ˵⻰ʱǰĽС¶һ˿ߣҶΪСˮıҶûзǰ
˵ܲܰ£Ѱģطģţȳȥ֮ȥԺŸ
ǰ¶һ˿ŭ⣬ŵùʱ˵ˣ漴ǰͨȥ
ùеƵǣȥͶǺܴ꣬ΪȻߣҲֻǸոմﵽһ֮
εҡҡͷҶεĿǰڻߵĹܰɵյԼ£ҲǸ뷨
ȻƳߵټѪҶţһƳǲģҶ컹ǾƳǵʵ̫ˣ˵ģڽһССĺǣ˽ʮߡ
ʮһйƳǣҶȫԿ϶ƳֻһǾ˲û˿ء


133 ɱ

˼ͨʱǰĹȻһ漴ֵĿǰһС
ΪͨϸխֻһͨټϹӴʹĶˣ޷ǰ׷ʲô顣
׷ʲô飿
Ҷ켱æʵΪԴӽڶ֮кҶоߵĺڶߵͨ͸¶һ˿аš
ոսͨɢˣʬϲ˶ҿӶϵĶ涾ޱȡ

жʱһȻûпǾߵʬ壬Ҷܹµܹûɱһߣ־綾ԲСӡ
ǧҪǰһҲµĲǰͨж䣬ûа취˵
Ҷ켱æ˵ΪվǰĹһгǰһʱҪһʬˣҪҶҪոҲôġ
жʱһ̾漴֮г˵ȻҵΪѾﵽ֮Ҳǣ档
˻ȥŴͨ
һֱû˵СˮʱȻϵ˵ֱҶ͹дȷ
漴˿ٵȥһνͨߵСʲôأжףǰѾиǿ·
ȻߵĺСģνСʹ괬һֻһһĹ˱Ѿ˻ص˺ڶ֮С
򣬹һλСˮô˵ҶʼռԼһλãСˮ˵ڶλ
˰źõλ½ͨߵĸӿ٣ֻһᣬ˱ʬǰ
ȻҶѾ˹ǵǰѾȥʬ֮ʱл̲סһΪǰʬϣ˵Ķ
Ҷ첻ԣʬϵĶϱɢĶܹожôĴ
漴Ҷ쿴ʬԣȻһЩСڶЩڶԼʮ֮Զֻ߳һѾڶ֮Ķɱ
ǾҶлǷֹȻͨӵкڶ·ֻʮףǲҪ˵ʮףܲ߳һҶ춼һ⡣
ǲǺѹȥ
ʱҶоԼĸ֫ѺȻðһͷСˮСԴɻĿŽԼ꣬СˮЩϵʵ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ҶЩε˵ܹ䶾Сڶʮ֮ԶҪ˵ʮףڸǴ粽С
а취
ûеҶ췴Ӧ漴СˮȻħһ㣬˲׵ɫ·漴Сˮ֮е׸һǰһˡ
ʲô
е·ʱɻʵҶȻûʣ֮Ҳͬ¶һ˿ɻ
ΪҶѾ֪Сˮ·ҪʲôҶȻЩţϵֶ޷ֵѵƾ޹ǵ·Եֵ
е·н˿ף֮ãҪ˵ССĶҲƿ˿ס
жʱһҶʵû뵽۵·Ȼֵܹһ޾͵ĹֱǺö
漴ûٳɣҶ㴩˽˿ף֮ҶиӾޱȣΪ˿״ϣͺûһ
Ǽ
һ̾𣬹˷ܵʱͨÿһ䣬Сˮʱһɵ漴˵ֻǼǴȵȻҪҡ
˵ֵܣ㲻ôСɣ
һɵĻСˮжʱûһŭ漴˵͸㣿֪˿жô𣿲ҲУֻҪӦһ
жʱһϲ漴붼ûӦϾϵĽ˿ֵܹ͵Ĺ˵ʲôﶼҪ
ǵõأһûˣӦô˿ױˡ
Уû⡣
ΪСˮԼʲôԭǲҪأֱµڱԼͷϡ
ϾҲɵȻѾҵ˺صڣ˭֪ǲһԣ߸һе顣
ڹУѾֵĽ˿׸ЩСˮһڣԥĴӦ
ȹ˶ضΣұѽ˿׻㣬ллˡ
СˮڣҶ˵ȻҶ֪ϵĽ˿ޱȣܹõأһССĽ˿׿ɾֵ̫ˡ
Сˮûлصֻ˵һߣ漴ݺݵһǰĺ꣬ϻһ˿ŭ


134 ëѩ
ȫ߹ڵصʱСˮ˵ͨٶֻҪһϵĽ˿ףٵ䵽ϣ˺һ˿
ڵ֮˺Ȼ֣ͨҲղôխҪ˵ˣҲͨ
Ĵ½˿ףҶݻСˮǰϾһ˿ôҲء
֪ΪʲôҶֱǱͨĿĵأкأŻԥ˻˿ס
ŵݹĽ˿ףСˮһ㶣ЩĮ˵ģҲʲôȵжϣٻҲ١
˵֮Сˮݺݵĵһǰĺ꣬漴ǰͨȥȥһˡ
˵Ҷ죬Сˮʲôϵ
ɻĿǰɵһҶ첻֪Ļʲô˼СˮĹϵǺϵֻǸոʶѰɡ
Ϊʲôôãȴըҩһ⵽Ϊʲô
мֱƼˣΪ˵õϵĽ˿ȴ˺أǰ겻õ˽˿ףȴûκε
ܹٵϻ£ôҵĴҲõף
˵֮ҶεĿһǰɵֱӳǰͨȥһ̲ٺӶ˵һ仰
ٷϻ£ףҲףⶼʲôʲô
֮¶һ˿ɻ漴ĳ׷ȥû߳Զ㱻ո뿪
ιסҶĻûٶʲôֱӿǰǰã״ֱǧٹ֡
ҲµĲЩ˶ʮ꣬ҽʮߣȻǱɱֱЩ˼顣
ǰʮʬ壬Ҷ֮гأСˮ֮Ҳ¶һ˿ء
ҪȻǻȥɡ
ʱ򣬹ٴγ֣Ҳ¶һ˿ֻţȻΪѾﵽֱӣֻҪһ뵽ʮ߱ɱоͲ
ɫʱһ㶣ŭغȻôСΪʲôҪһȴùģ뿪ôھͿˣǲ뿪ġ
ĵĿһǰɵСˮֱӳǰȥԵʬ塣
˸־Ҳ㣬Ҫסһ㣬˻ϣǵΪ˻
˵֮Ҷ̾Ϣһ漴Ҳٵ뿪ˣֱһίĹվԭز֪ʲô
û˵ߣֻˣõ𣿡
չûߣȻȥΪ֪ܴĸ棬뿪ϾҲ㽲
˼ǰ֮ͨʱҶкȻһ漴һε˲˼ˣ
ոסˣֻͨȻ˶ëѩëѩ֮ʱͨһ˿˿ը
нԶһȻûߵĶëѩǵѹȸУ˱Ѿ֪ߺȻĶëѩԲʲôö
ǽô죿
ǰɫ԰׿֧ţСˮҲǴʧɫǶȴ˸м
ϾҪ꣬˵ѾˣǶȴôǰ궼ֻһ飬ֶܼ೤ʱ䡣
˲һ㶼ûдȻҶ켰ʱʹڵϵţȥҶţߵĶëѩԼµʱΪľˡ
Ҳû̫õİ취֪ëѩʲôȴޱȣֻҪճϣһ˲ͻᱻڻ
Ҳ֮ʣԼΪܹﵽ֮ҶţƾҲʱֵǰĶëѩ
ǲô˵ֻһ飬ʵǿҲи޶ȣսʤһУҶҲ֪ǲܵ顣
ҪȻɡɡ
䣬СˮкȻһѴɡ漴СˮԥĴνɡҶҲʱ
ɫѾĲ԰ֽҲܳ𣬵Ҷ͹еȵǣ˱ɡţߵĶëѩȻ˿
ǸϿ뿪ɡ
漴Сˮķǰɫ԰׵꣬еɡĳǰȥһ̣һ˿ɻҶС
СˮΪʲôô౦
Ҷ첻ʣǲʣΪСˮóɡɵӶܿһޱȵı


135 ȡ
ʻСˮûлشֻĿһԵɵ漴˳ǰȥ
˳߹ëѩĵطСˮɡûпһˣֱӶڵʲô
СľٶǹҶҲеһɻ󣬵Ҷ컹ǹȴûзʣΪһǰ꣬Խ
ʱ䲻СˮվȴǸأ漴Щε˵֮иŶǧ֮󡣡
жʱһҶ찵˵һȻΪѾﵽ֮ҶΪ顣
ǿȥɣû뵽кء
һǰĻ˷ܵ˵ϾǾ£ϲ֪浽жٱ
ǺܿСˮɫѾ漴Щĵ˵ղѾ˵ֻҪõ˿ףؾûҪˣôַˣ
һ˻ɫʱĲ˼ô˵СˮĽ˿ףѾӦҪء
һ뵽֮ıбݺݵһ£漴Ҳû˵ȴ¶һĻں֮⡣
ǰɵ˵СˮҲûٵˣ漴ǰĺ꣬˵Ǹڶ֮ȴˣֶڡ
ǧڵڣҶ첢ûие˿ľȣʵû뵽ǣʮߣŶֻˡ
òҶҲ֪ʮ߶ȥģղأҶţСˮĽ˿׺ɡҪֱ̫ͨܡ
ǴһҲ˵ǧŻڣʵĺǿҲҶһһȫµĸ
֪ŶʲôΪͺˡ
һֱûп˵ĹʱȻ˵ҶȴûֹΪʵ⣬ҲҪġ
֪ΪʲôһҶָоǰС겢ôļ򵥣һظС
ǧŵڵֵΪﵽ˶ʦ֮ҲѾﵽ֮ǱҪСġ
жʱһҶʵû뵽һεĺǵıأȻʦмֱ֮
ΪҶΪԼʵ㲻һһͣһս֮ʦһǶʦû˿İա
ʦ
ʵĲߣдССսҶ첻Ҫ˵ʦҲʲô֮飬ǹȴһ𺳡
Ͼһһ˵ʦֱңɼĴڣһֱлͣһ̵Ĺɫˡ
ֻȡС
ҶĻ˲ûκεķԣ漴Сĳǰȥ׾˵ֱһգ۵ʱѾﵽˡ
ڶڣͬʱǰĹŶȥ˭жǺݺݵĲһ£Ҷɫˡ
ΪǰĹŶ֮ߣ˶ĹŶֱһĹŶм䣬˯һͷǧɾ

ǰǧɫʱ沿ıȴȻ෴Ҷϳ𺳣еֻǴɵСˮȴһľϲ
ĿһԵ꣬еɻǿҶֱ϶ǰֻǧɴɫɢǿϢҪ۹ֻ
һͷԽڵǿڣϾȻеֻǾϲҶʵţ֪һССĶ飬ΪʲôǿĴڶ¶ı顣
ǧڵֻһ͵վԶ˭ҲҶһ£ϾֻҪѹʦҲᱻ˲ɱ
ãռ¼챦֮⣬һñ˯ʱһ˯ǧʱ⣬޷⡣
ǽô죿
ܾòŻָƽ֮Ȼһ˿ţһ֮жûмô޴ĺ
ǳȥ
û˿ĳɣ˵֮Ҷ߳ŶȥСˮҲûгɣҶ˳ȥ
ֻйԥҪҪȥϾǰ治ǿʦҸһͷ˯ţҺǵıҲû˿ġ
ɫЩֵĿǰǧɾûȥܾıأΪϲ壬Ȼϲ˯һҲ˭ҪǶǵıնɱҿǱˡ
һ뵽ոտмֱ˿ˮȻ鱦Ǯںȴ޷ܵı


136 ɱķ
ʱȻִԶ꣬еһλ˵һɢߡ
϶¶һ˿ȣΪҪŶرѾܡ
ǰȻܹһ˵ǰ꣬Բһˡ
ϲλأνзݣҷȰλһ䣬ЩﲻǺܺõġ
ҶСˮվǰʱֺȻ˵˵Ҷжʱһȴû˿ı顣
Ҳ˵ˣзݣȻ˺أôرǵһݣѵ̲ɣ
ǰӣСˮһı֮ɫҶҲܷд½ϵţֱ˽ޱȣΪ棬ֱκε顣
ҶСˮûǰˣ˺ıأȻ֪ϲʱ˿֮ʱһȻһ
Ϊǰ˵ıʯǮƣиǲ챦ı
Сˮɲܾ᲻ѣֱӳűȥҶҲûκεĳɣֱӸȥֿٵĸһӣǹ
ɻĿһ۸ɵСˮЩĮ˵㲻Ϊʲô
϶ʱ¶һ˿˼ǹûǰ䳰ȷΪ۾ѱǰͷ𺳡
һ̵Ĺǰʲôʦһ̣ڹУֻǰʶĿı⣬޲ö೤һ˫۾
ǲǲҪˣǧҪЩҪȻȾǶ֮أϿ
Ҫļһֱǰı֣϶˲ʧɫɲʲô顣
жҿ϶ֻҪǰ˸жһ£ȵ֮ʱŶ֮ڵκ˶˲䱻ɱû˿
˸ûȥ˵ѣȻصĳǰıȥǰĹʱСˮݺݵ˻
ݺݵĵһǰɵСˮ΢˵õЩҲûȥܣȰ˵
Ȼв˵˼Ȼĵ˵ͷʾһз֯
һգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿ˱ǰǰ˵ĸʽıĿˮ
Сˮı֮£˺ܴĲûжǰıȴȻĶţûһӵи
СˮԵҶʹһɫĶǰһ޴ҹץȥСˮȴûҹ飬ֻҹֻһֵĵطͣ
һ۵Ķȴ˸һٵĳͨȥֻһգ۵ʱ䣬˱㳹׵ʧԭء
뿪֮СˮҶһô˵͵ΪǴﵽ֮ܶԸġ
ô౦ȴֻܿòߣ˷ˡ
ǰѻɽıҶа̾һΪ֪ǰһǶܴߣϾķŭܳܵ˵ġ
ǿһӵô౦ܹǵİɡ
ҶĻ䣬һɼɴ޲ھȥɱķǰıһ򾡡
˭ҲţǲҪǡ
ʱҶжЩǰɵˣ˰ûдȴҪİȴǴشǺ˺İƣǾͲǴˣǾǸˡ
Ҷ϶ʱ¶һ˿˼漴û˵ʲô֮е̰Ҳ˼֡
а취еһǧ򲻿ԶǾǺֻҪıȡ
жʱһҶǰĽСǳʣ֮˲ҶĶΪڵõ֮ʱϢȥԼ˯ֻҪһǵıҲڵһʱ
ʱСˮӻȡһСƿ֪ʲôĶСˮƿڴ򿪣ʱһζƮ˲Ŷ
һСˮŻƿӣǰ˵ȡˣһҪǣҪȥ
һ˻һܲסֱǰıʱСˮȻǰȥһ
ҶӹСˮӹĶ֮ʱ־ȻһöָҶжʱɻѣ֪Сˮָʲô


137 ռָ
ҵɵӣޱȵĿռָϴһʣû뵽СȻô󷽡
жʱһҶʵ벻СˮöָȻһöռָ벻ǣСˮȻǸŮġ
ռָ˵ֻΪﵽʥ֮ſöԿռ½֮ϵʥÿһһ
ʥȻҶ첻֪Ҷȴ֪һ£½֮ϵʥԲᳬ֪ռָжô
Ҷ첢ûж˵ʲôѾǷ£ȵպлٻҶҲǰ߶ʮһֱӿʼɨ
ȻҶڱҲûж⣬ȴ֪ƳǻǸ״̣ҪǮά֣һ̵Ҷ죬ǮƻǺݺݵĳˡ
ռָܺʹãֻҪԼ룬ôռָ򿪣ǵҶ쿴Լռָ֮еĿռ䵽жʱ򣬻Ǳһ
ſռָмǧ׵Ŀռ䣬ҶȷţָļֵҪ֮и
ҶռʱҲֻ˱֮вʮ֮һǮƣһԵĹֻܿǸ֪ԼҪʲô
ɲӵпռָԹܹߵıֱٵĿҶ쿴Զ֮ʱȴСˮǮƱֻۣǲ֪Ѱʲô
жʱеɻѣ漴ҶԣȻѰҶʵСˮлĿռָ
ûʲôֻǲôı˷ѵ˭һǸռָװ𣿡
жʱеһƣҶ㹻ݵģռָ֮еռмǧףȻܰǰıȫߣǴʮ֮ȫԡ
ҶȴûνʲôǧԼһѾܲˣҲҪȻ˯ľ㡣
ҶҲ뵽ǰ˯ĺȻһѹԼıﶪһ룬ָ췭ظŹ֡
ǰĽͣСˮ漴˵ҪҪ飬ҿԸһ飬һ̰ޱȣЩ﷢ùȥ츣ࡣ
ȵĿһǰŮװ꣬ҶҲûٷϻֿʼ˴ɨҶֻռװͣ¡
ҶҲеĿռֱһָ֣ԢںŶõöָǴ˺ʮ֮ߵı
˵Ҷ죬Ҳ̫˰ɣʮ֮ߵıȫˣһʲô
Ŷѻɽıֻһ˲ʧǸȴûκεİ취˭ûпռָء
˵˻ҪҪԼ˵Ҫصģڲ˵ˣȻţˣѽ˿׻ҡ
Ҷû˵һԵСˮȴɫĿǰɵ˵֣ɵҪ˿ס
һ˻˪˵һ漴¶һ˿ֺ֮ɫ˵㲻Ҫû˼ıﲻҲ˷ѣȥҡ
˵֮󣬹˲ʧӰεҡҡͷҶ쿴СˮʵҵĺָװˣҵҪҵĶ𣿡
εҡҡͷСˮ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ûУںŶ֮УôҲҲ
죿
Ҷжʱһ֮УΪصĶˣȴʲô첻Ȥ
ҰҰɣʲôӵģ
ֲͬɫС죬ֱǽ࣬죬ɫ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ㳯طȥСˮε룬ֿʼѰ̡
ܿ죬ҶѾ˺֮£ΪҶ췢֣СˮҪҵں֮¡
Сˮҵˡ
СˮҶȴҶΪмһ˶ĵòҲ֪ʲô϶Ǻĵ
ܿ죬Сˮ͹ǰǺܿСˮ¶һ˿Σ˵죬칩
ô죿
ҶҲһ֮ɫȻ֪Сˮʲô˱֮ϵҶȴֻ֪ҪԼһһ£ʱǴͷˡ
Сˮû˵ֻĶǰ죬ﲻ֪ʲôܿСˮ֮¶һɼᶨ֮ɫ˵Ҫ죬Ҷ죬Ҫҡ
жʱһȻ֪ǰŮӻҶ컹̲סһ𣬱ϾĹͷһύ
ҶȻĵ˵ͷһ·֮ϣСˮܹ˼˿ףһռָҶ֪뻹


138 Э
ô㣿
ĿһǰĶˣСˮ漴˵ȵȫȡ죬ˣֻҪӵôǺҲ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûбʾκεķԣΪ֪ǰŮ˵İ취ܱա
û뵽ǣһԵɵȴҲûбʾκεķԣ漴Сˮʵ˵ɵΪʲôԡ
ͷ룬漴̧ͷ֮¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ˵С󣬴û˰ҵѣǲͬΪҲֵá
ĲҶΪȣһֱԹ̬ȲõСˮҲĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵պѡ
˵СˮȰ˳Ҷ֣Ҳ֣ƽһ𣬱˴֮䴫ꡣ
ˣǿʼɣ˵һȻʼȡ죬Ҷȡڹȶ㵽ڣȡϡ
ĵ˵ͷҲûмʲôΪ֪ԼҲﲻ˶ʲô˵ˡ
˵һС֮󣬹ٵĳͨڼȥһգ۵ıѾ˶ڣŲԶĻ˻֡
Ҳʼɣһж
䣬ҶСˮͬʱˣε˲ϣҶе˼ǣСˮϵ֣Ȼ֮
ʲôΪֻΪﵽ֮ߣſʹ֮Ҳ˵СˮһҶѾ˲Щ
һգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿץ˸ҪĶʱǰ漴Ʈ첽չֻһ˲䣬˱Ѿص˶֮
˭ҵĺӣȥ
ʱɹŶϵ漴ǰǧɾ˫ۣ漴վ
˵Ҷжʱ緺ˣΪֻдﵽ޻֮ſԿ˵ȴһֻҪΪܹﵽԿ˵
ǰĺȻ˵ˣôֻһܣǰǧɺһͷ൱֮е
ҶԺ֮УֻţħĴɵľλŴﵽ֮û뵽ʱȻһͷ
ԭɵ࣬ǾȻ͵ҵı뺢ӣҪǡ
ո˵꣬ҶϵԼϺȻѹһǧʯԵֱ忪ʼѣֻҪٹһᣬᱻѹ
û˿Ļɣ漴ҶеҪ棬ʱҶȻоԼϵȻʧˡ
ɵ࣬Ҫʲô˺ҵĺӣҾԲŹġ
жʱһ漴ҶЩĮ˵ǲҪٽʲôɵ࣬ĺˤ
ҶĻʱվԵ˸еһȣǹɵһ֪һǰĺٷʲô衣
ãҲٽбɵ࣬ǲ͵ҵıһǵĺӣ⻹𣿡
ôЭˣСˮ͹û뵽ģ֮жʱ¶һ˿ϲֻ֪Ҫ֣ôǵİȫ㲻⡣
ˣҲ˵Ǳɣ㲻ҪǣЩǴģĺӣǲỹ㣬ԥĲǡ
࣬ˣ˵ĺܶԣЩﶼǴ֮ȡԻǺȴҵģҵĺӣҿԴӦ㣬ɱ㡣
һ̣ʱе˵֮¶һ˿ϢǱҶٵĲ׽ˣҲȷܻ
˵ˣҲỹģȴԱ֤ǻչ˺ĺӣ֮һʱ㿴ĺӣô
ôԣҵĺôܺǩѪǸܵ顣
ǰĻʱеĻشҲҶиеޱȾȣΪ㣬Ϊļλ֪С
Ѫ˰ҹħ˻ֻƳǵʵ΢ֱڶûԼޡ
ҶҪе͸úĺӺǩѪ˾ػҲΪİοġ
Ҷ죬㲻öǩѪɣ
ҲһĲţ֮ȴ¶һǿҵĽ֮飬Ϊ½֮Ϊǿÿһ߶;ǩѪϾ˾֮ﲻȥ
ҶûȥʻĹζĿǰĺ˵µһ㶼ûдҪĺǩѪ


139 
Ļʱŭǲηʼղڶǰ˳֣ϾĺС
ҿԸѡԴѡһ
˵ɡ
һѡɱȻҲɱĺӣڶѡ񣬱ҴĺӣǩѪ֮һὫ㡣
˵֮Ҷûڶ˵ʲôǾվԭأȴǰǧɺ𸴣ΪҶţֻҪĸôһѡڶѡ
ǧɺ׵ĳĬˣǲǹСˮܹһ̸ܵǰĺжôķŭҪΪе˵ѱˡ
ʱ֮󣬺̧ͷ֮Ȼһ˿ģȴû˿İ취ϾĺڶԷС
ѡڶҲҪ㲻Ӧңʯ١
û⡣
Ҷ붼ûӦΪ֪ʲô鶼̫һ·ߣͬʱҲǸԼһ·ߡ
һҪҵĺǩѪ֮뿪ڶ֮ʱҪҴһ
жʱһ̾Ҷ뵽еȴΪ׼ģԼǩѪô죿
ӦɣʱΪʦа취Ѫ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻԺ֮УҶжʱһϲΪôʱֻҪа첻֮ʱʦȻ֡
ҶԴӦ֮Ҵʲô
ͼ
ʲôͼ
Ҷû뵽Ȼ֮ĶȻûǰͼΪڲǰոյõͼ
ͼ
ǰľ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲӴһ£ҪŶΪ֮һ¡
жʱһǧǰĺ֪Լаͼ漴Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûУֻһλǰ֪Ҫͼʲô
̾ϢһҲûκε˵һսʤˣǸȴðͼҷӡǧˣֻаͼܽ⿪ӡ
жʱһУԭǰǧɺǱðͼӡģֲ벻Ŷ˵ֱ׾١
ҴӦ㣬֮һͼŰɡ
˵֮һαѪʱ˲͵뵽е֮УһαѪܿ㳹׵ʧ֮ϡ
ʱһĪϵҶԺ֮Уй΢䶯ϵҶ֪¾ǩѪĹϵ
Ȼǲ뿪ˣ
û˵ֻٴα۲ٿˣжʱЦһ漴Сˮ͹ٵ뿪˹Ŷ
ڻȥ·ϣҶѹ֧һᣬȻǰŮʵӦʲô˵ɣ
Ŀһǰ꣬ĵ˵ͷ漴Сˮ˵ҵΪǴﵽ֮ŶҲΪ
Ȼˣûв´Ӧŵˣ𣿡
˵Сˮûиеһ˿ľȣϾһѾˣҲû˿ķϣٴĵ˵ͷ
ûٲ´ðͼӡλǰҲŵˡ
ûݴӡȴҵүүһɢߣүүһսʹ죬ҲûնɱһɢʹͼŽѹүүҲ죬ʹҵүүҴӴˮҲһ겻񡣡
ô֪ںŶģ
үүһս֪⣬ҵĸ׶֪Ҳһ֮зүүּǲſġ
ˣ
ԣҸտʼֻǱԵ̬ȣȴû뵽㣬Ҳõ죬үүܳͷˡ
жʱһҶ룬ҪǰСˮ˵үүǻѾӵǧˣôܡ
ƺ뵽ǰɻ漴Сˮ˵ûʲôֵģֻҪߴﵽ֮ӵǧ˵Ϊﵽʥ֮ӵء
Ҷа̾һһ̣ҶаԷģԼҲҪﵽľ硣
˵˵ûУǸϿȥطɡ
ʱ򣬹֪ʲôطð˳˵ˣ϶ʱ¶һ˿
ΪڸղţҶȻ֧Ҳ֪ǰʲôĻΪڸͬ


140 ҵϵ
˸ûȥ㳯ŹŶȥСˮɡԺܿ˱뿪˺Ŷ뿪˺ڶ
˸ոճȴ˵ںڶߣǧڵߣиʦ֮ߡ
λȻܹų̫ˣҲõ˺أڸһᣬֻҪأҾͷ뿪
˴Ӻڶ϶Ƕʱһϲȿڵȴڵʦǿ֣¶һ˿̰Ц
ֱһ̣ǧŵ߻ڵߣǹҲ֪ǰĽСŮӾȻһǿ
Ҫ֪ǰŮһǿôһٸҲס˵ȥ·
ҶЦղҲСˮԼΪһ̼Ȼõ죬ôҶԿ϶СˮһԼʵ
ȻǰӵвСˮɫʱһ漴ˣǿ֮˲ǰˡ
ҵĽʱ漴ɫ԰ףѪɫĵڵϣһֻŵĿǰĽС֪꣬ΪʲôͻȻ
쿴֮ԼϣǣȥǵŵõˣԺҪκεĿԣɡ
տʼϳ˾Żһ˿Թֵʱ˳׵ʧˣô˵Ϊ֮ףʵκһš
οǧŻڣֻǴ½ϵĶţҪ˵ţͺĴŶ޷ȡ
ûж˵һ仰ȻΪѾϣ˵ֻ¶һ˿˿֮ɫ˭ŵˡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬˱㳹׵ʧںڶ֮⣬ܵıӶ죬ϾٲߣȵǵĽͲǷϳΪôˡ
СˮͻȻ֣ŵ֣վһԹۿĹɵֱۣһ̣ЩǰһС
Ҷ죬ζлҵõ죬պỹġ
˵֮Ҳǰ˵ʲôСˮٵ뿪ˣȹʲô㳹׵뿪˺ڶ֮⡣
˵Ҷ죬Сˮŵĵǿ֮װҵϵۣСˮʵȻôǿһб㳹׷ϵǿߵΪ̫ǿˡ
ֱڻһŵı鿴ǰĺ꣬ӶˣҪ֪СˮȻŵˣôղںŶӦúúõСˮùϵ
Ȳ˵Сˮ飬һɢޣÿž޶ڸѡһ죬ԸԸҸ
ҪҸ㣿
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ˵˸㣬һиݣƳǵĳƳǼһʵǿߣҪҡ
¹Ӿˣʵ벻ͨΪʲô쵽Ѷôţ棬һŵĵӣһƳǵĳ
ǹȴûش𣬶ʱ˳˼֮УȻҶѣҪӦôӴ֮ɢ޵ݾҪˡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôйɸоǰĺԲ򵥣ʲôط򵥣˵
һкҪûйʱԸԸҸʹ컰ģ㲻ӦԺҲѡ
һǰӵı飬ҶѾ³룬ȴûʱ˼룬Ϊ֮ڻһʱ䣬ڲ·ôĻٵ
ҴӦ㣬Ҫʲô
üͷޣջǴӦΪһѣԼ۹ⲻǰĺǳһһɳ졣
жʱһЦҶǰӻӦԼ漴˵㲻ҪʲôֻҪƳǣֻҪƳвʱְˡ
ãҴӦ㣬ôھȥƳ𣿻Ǹ㣿
ٴĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ˵ԣкҪȻȥ˳ҸұƽȵҸдһţ㵽ƳǣֻҪӥԣУЩƱҲ˳㽻ӥ
˵ҶӺָȡһЩƱǰӣȻдһŽҲûڳɣ漴뿪ԭء
뿪ӣҶ¶һ˿Цݣô˵ΪƳȡһߣȻҶ֪ʱе̰ȴһѵˡ
ҶкڵƳǣϹһӵߣûдﵽҪҶ֪ԺҪȡʵǿ߼ƳǣƳǲʵֿУ۸



 򽣹


141 ħ
ҶҲ뿪˺ŶٵĳѪĹȸȥһ·֮ûٵڵڶ峿ϵѪĹȡ
ҶϵѪĹȵʱ򣬹Ѫ޲УλѪ죬ѩ޺ԼѪˣҶ֪֮УһѪĶѪ
ѪѪδһΪﵽ֮ħߣһǿѪողǰҲͬﵽ֮
һΪ㲻ˡ
Ҷոǰûü˵֮еһѪɫӣ˵
òҶҲ֪ǰԼ˵˭ѪδѪĶѪһǿ
Ҷ첢û˶κεɫƽĿǰѪ˵ΪʲôΪѪħڱصá
϶ʱ¶һǿķŭ漴Ѫɱ˵ʲôһСС飬Ҳҽħ򣬵ʱôĶ֪
ʵѪлѪ޲Уǰոճֱ㾪ȲѣΪ̶̵һ֮УȻﵽ֮
ҶԼܹôﵽ֮ҲΪȣΪںŶʱ򣬵ǩѪ֮󣬱㷢ԼΪѾˣﵽ֮
ȻҶ֪ƾڵʵǰļһܱȣô˵֮ĲһԽĺ蹵
ǲǶָֻţҪʲôҲ˵ʲôҪõħô͸ƾ°ɡ
漴ҶûȥѪǰѪĹѪ޲У˵ǲǿˡ
ĵ˵ͷѪ޲漴˵λ¿ңѪѪһħ򣬼סһ㣬ǵѪħ񡣡
ǣ
ѪѪһ漴һ˿ٵĳǰȥܿʧԶͷһ˿Ӱ
ߺ󲻾ãѩ޺ۿԵߣЩε˵Ӿǳ֪ʲô㣬õѪħıӾûˡ
ɫĿǰ޾գѪ첢û˵ʲôɢǿɱһԵѩ޺۶ܸܵĵ
ȥħ֮أֻҪ棬һɱ
ߵĻѩ޺ƺûие˿ľȣ¶һ˿ĪЦ⣬漴˵һҪأ
ҾһֱţҲᱣǸСһ
˴˻ѩ޺۶ʱЦһߵļ漴ʧԭأѪûκεĳɣҲٵĳ˶ȥķȥ
һһ·֮û˿ͣȫħȥҶȴЩԲϾֻһ顣
ԵˣȻ֪ѪĹѪ޲е״ﵽôʵ˶֮ٶܱ֮ȵġ
ҿԵȵ㡣
ʱѪȻתĺ꣬Щ˵֮¶һǿҵı֮顣
жʱЦһҶ漴չƮ첽ٶȶʱת£һգ۱ʧǰٶ֮죬Ѫ޲жһ
ȻƮ첽˼
Ѫ޲֮¶һ˿Ц⣬ſʧĺ꣬ٶҲʱܿ׷ǰĺꡣ
ѪҲʱһʵû뵽ȻƮ첽ϾƮ첽ŵĶžѧȻᣬôֻ˵һ⡣
жʱЦһ֮¶һ˿֮飬漴Ҳٵ׷ȥȻҶʹƮ첽ǲ˭ҲΪŵĵӡ
Ͼȥ֮ѪѾҶȫԼĸףҲ֪ʹѪҲ֪һû˻ȥɡ
ҶŵĵӣôһͱնɱϾħħ֮Ķûֹͣ
һ·֮޻֮νħվһϿ֮£ǰϿȣҶʱе˵ĸо
ʱѪҶߣЦ˵νħһа˸ֱѪĹȣڣħڣʣ»ĸţֱڣħɷȣ޷룬еɷȸѪĹȡ
ħڣ
ҶڲûκεӰ죬ǶȴǸӣΪƳնɱϹڵˡ
Ϲʬ׵ŮӣǸϹʦڵˣһΪﵽʦ֮ߣжʱЦ
Ҷа룬ҪϹʦ޲ãҪˣ֤޻أһҪ¹޵


142 ˴ħʥ
ûѪĹȵ˵ȶãܿߴħűħ֮⣬ǰʮħɢǿϢҶжʱһ
ѪҶ֪ǰ˵ΪʵνħħĴŽħˣΪﵽ֮
Ĵħڣħǳһλ֮⣬˶Ǵﵽʦ֮Ҳ˵νħӵʮʦʮԼʮˡ
ȻħڶѾ룬ǿʼɡ
ʱѪ޲ЩĮ˵䣬֮л߳ˣѪ޲վһţĶǰϿȡ
Ҷ֪վǰİˣħڵİλֱֻһ̣֪λ֮УλΪﵽ֮ʣµλҲﵽ֮
ѪĸףѪĹȵĹѪ޲УΪҲͬﵽ֮һӿ֮ǿߣҶвû˿ȴ⣬һǿš
λվһţȻ֮гһӣŰλϵĽ뵽ϣ˿ͬʱ
ʱѪȻҶԺ֮У˵ħɵλħʥͬʱֻܰλſԴħͨ
λħʥ
ҶжʱһѪ˵İλħʥʲôǿǴ½֮Ϊǿڣ֮⡣
û뵽ģħľȻǰλħʥҶܹ󣬵ħ֮ӵŰλħʥǺεȵĲʢ
λħʥǰˣ
ĻѪĵ˵ͷҡҡͷζʱҶеɻѣֵ֪ͷҡͷʲô˼
ħһսλħʥǰֻλλħʥû䣬һֱûֻ֪֪ѪĹȵħʥڵһս֮вû䣬ȻѪĹ֮С
жʱˣҶʵڲţѪĹ֮УȻħʥǿǴ½֮ΪǿĴڣֲħԴôʱˡ
Ҷȷλħʥٷ֮ٵħħڣҲǸĴħڵĴħڡ
ʱ򣬰еİ˿ħȻǰϿȷȥʱϿȺȻħǣ˲Ͽȡ
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˵ͬʱ漴Ͽ֮ȻһɫĴĻͨħͨɢǿħҶɫʱһ԰ס
λħͬʱתǰԼŵӣͬʱ˵ֻҪħ֮ţᱻͬĵط˭Ҫһ𣬾֣Դﵽͬһطȥɡ
λħ˵꣬ʮͬʱǰħ֮ŻȥҶѪȴ
ҶѾã˵ʲôҲѪһ𣬷Լոսħ¾ͱնɱˣסѪ֡
ѪƺѲµҲûкֻ֣ѪĹȵһѪ˺ܿʧ˴Ͽ֮С
һգ۵ʱ䣬ʮӰ㳹׵ʧħ֮ڣʱ򣬰˿»ص˰λС
ѾʧʮһӺȻߵѪ޲ԣЩȵ˵ѪĹΪʲôһ飬ǲЩ
˵ǸѪĹȵɷһǿۣʵ벻ףÿһνħ򣬲һڣɳħ򣬵ѪĹȴһ飬ʵ벻ͨ
ڵȴûʣǹϸǳ˳Ͼ˴֮УѪĹƲġ
Ѫ޲вû˵ֻǸɷһصЦݣٵ뿪ħ򣬾֮ϣȴѪ޲е
ħһ£һ֮һٴλ
Ѫ޲еɷ϶ʱ¶һεЦݣ漴Ҳ뿪ħ򣬶Ҳûж
ʱħ֮ȻһλߣѪĹȵĳϣΪﵽ֮Ѫ졣
ĿǰѾرյħ֮ţѪ˵ٶһ£ܻܲų֪ء
˵ţѪʱЦЦ֮޵֮飬ҶѾߣޱˬ졣
漴ѪҲʧԭأѪȴûз֣ڲԶһ˫۾Ķ֮ͬ¶һ˿֮ɫ
û뵽ѪȻҲħ򣬿ѪĹкϷˡ
һЦѪĹһֱУһϣһֻҪлᣬһ⣬ôһԻԥĳֽ
ŽʧѪ죬Ц֮漴Ҳ뿪ħ


143 ħĴ
ħһ漴ҶѪȻһ֮ϣŵüӣҶ֮¶һ˿ء
˵ħһΪĲ㣬ħѪħڵĲ㣬ǧʱ⣬һħûһ˿ԽĲ㡣
Ҷ뵽˽ħĲ㣬ôħѪħѾãҪڽˡ
Ѫÿһħ߶ҪõѪħ񣬵Ѫħкô
ʵҶУһֱиʣѪĹѪ޲жѪħĿҶ֪ѪħһͬСɡ
Ѫ룬ƺʲô֮ջ¶˵ħһսħħʥħʥĴħʥöħģ˵ֻҪõħĴУò˶೤ʱԴﵽħʥ֮
˼˵ֻҪõѪħ򣬱ҵöħʥµħģֻҪõħģô˭ֻҪħģԺܿﵽħʥ֮
ĵ˵ͷѪ¶һ˿֮ɫҶȴƷˣϾħʥ̫֮ˡ
ħʥµöħĵʲôط
֪ΪʲôҶȻָоǾħʥµöħģһħ֮УҪҵħģѪħһؼ
˵ħֹĲ㣬ŵ㣬˵ħĵǷӡöħģǾӵѪħ񣬳Ϊܹﵽ֮ſѪħͻƷӡ
˵⻰ʱѪ¶һ˿֮ɫòĴħʥĲãħֻ֮²ܽ룬õѪħ񣬵ȴΪﵽ֮
ҶҲħʥΪҪõöħģֱһܵ飬ϾõѪħΪҲﵽ֮ȴ벻ħ
ڵĵطħĵһħÿռ䣬˵ħĵһ㴦ǻþЩþȴֶģֻҪħÿռ䱻ɱôˡ
жʱһҶħĵһħÿռ䣬ҹӵԼλÿռ޼ѾʶλÿռòҲ֪ħÿռжˡ
ģһλǰħ򣬽Ҵħ֮гҴһħÿռĵͼֻҪյͼߣǺܿҵͨħڶͨ
жʱһ̾ҶǰŮӵ֣Ѫ޲Ҳ֪ǶԼŮãǶԼŮ
˵Ѫ޲жŮðɣȴԼŮħ򣬼ֱǾһ˵Ѫ޲жŮðɣȴħͼ
߰ɡ
ҶѪٵĳǰȥǲôߣʼ߲ƬڣҶ췢֣ƬڵħȻǡ
һֱħÿռ֮Уóͼоо˵
ͣ½ŲҶһصĿΧһУΪڻȷڵڣһħÿռһ֡
ĵ˵ͷѪҲûٳɣΪ£ֻеͼԴ˳ȥ漴Ѫȡħͼ
еħͼҶϲû˿ϲã֮¶һ˿ء
ɻĿһǰĺ꣬ѪʵôˣǲħͼǼٵģ
ҡҡͷ漴Ҷ˵ħͼ٣صħÿռȴƬڣһطλǰħħÿռ䲢
Ҷ֮Ϊħͼ˳ħڶ㣬ȴû뵽ħѪĹȵӣȻħÿռ䲻ڡ
ǽô죿
ѪһǵĿǰĺ꣬ȻһħϾĴħʥǵһħÿռ䣬Ҳô׶Ըġ
ÿһħ˴ħŶħ߽ħ򣬵ܹ߳ħħߣȴһ
ҶҲһأȻؼ֮е󷨣ȴƽһ֪˵Ĵħʥµħÿռ䡣
Ժ֮пٵ˼ţǲô˼ûкܺõİ취ڵħԽԽأֵҵǣѪѪľҶҲڤ˶ħһֿ
㸸׸ؼ֮УȻɱΣҲԲ󷨶䲻ڣֻҪеһ֣ӦÿԾһ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻԺ֮УҶһϲΪÿֻҪʦ֣ôܹΪġ
û˿ԥ漴ҶԸ˼ǰŮӣ漴ʱʹ˲ԼˣҶҲʼ˫ۣԺ֮лص󷨡
Ѫȴûдǰ꣬ܣȻħÿռΣգһħڵҲڣô鷳ˡ


144 ׵
ЩʱǸ˫УҶ쾲о󷨵ʱƫƫħħҲħÿռڡ
Ѫλħħ֮ʱжʱһҲǰǲר󷨣ֱӽҶ졣
ʵѪѣĴħֵһ̣ҶѾˣҲû뵽Լ˻ôѽħħ
ϾħĴħ֮䶼Ϊǰģڽħȫ䣬ôʣµһҵѪħĻ
ÿνħħڲҪԸħ֮еΣգһҪʱڵĺȻ͵Ϯ
Ҷһ̲ҶģһħȻԼʹ֣ԸԼҶţԼֻ·һ
Ů֣Ʈ첽ʱչֻһգۣ˱ѾʧԭأѾ֪ȥʲôط
˸ոʧԶӣħ֮һħħ˽ħͬħÿռ䡣
ôߣ˶߲ǰڣȻħÿռħħħ˺ǡǡ෴Щħ˵ĺô
ǾڸողãڵħȻ任תһ޷ݵϢֹ֪Ϣк
ģʲôطΪʲôƫƫ͵
Ŀܵã˷ŭħҲдһĲ
ħνħһħֱ磬ף磬ϴΪﵽ⣬˵ΪԶǶ֮
ħĲ֮еĵһħÿռ䣬ﵽǻþʼ߲ȥǲҪ⣬ħǰ˵ħ֮еħÿռ䣬ȻޣȴʵʵڽǻɱһҪСġ
ҲһصĿܵĿռ䣬վһ𣬵ֵſռ֮кȻֵϢ
ԶһĹߣѪеڤжʱһůΪкոҶ͸Լڤжô
֪ڤ񽣴˵һħʥУޱǿ󣬶Ҿ˵ڤ֮зӡһħʥʶ
ǰŮӵĻҶжʱһȻʶûбʵǿ󣬵ǱʵҲǲСƣҪܹڤ֮еʶҶ֪ħ֮б˼㡣
ƺѾµǰ룬漴Ѫ˵ûô򵥣˵ҪʶʶԼԸ⣬ħʥ٣Ҳͬܡ
Ҷ죬͸ڤҪ˵ңǸҲлġ
Ϊʲô
жʱеɻѣȻڤǿޱȣ滹ӡħʥʶֻҪħʥʶԸ⣬ǻϾûС
ʵڤ֮зӡŵħʥ߱ѪĹȵȱڤǹڵһλȱУѪĹȶڤѪĹȵĴˣô᲻лء
жʱһҶʵû뵽Լ֮еõڤȻôһԨԴԭˡ
ȻڤѪĹȵıôҲԭҪٳˣϿѪɡ
ĵ˵ͷһѪʱ뵽еڤϣʱһϢ˲ֱԶħ˶оˡ
磬ǲʲôˣ
ֱӴϢ϶ʱ¶һ˿˷ܣϾħĴħʥ֪ûб
ĵ˵㣬һߣ˱ٵĳǿϢڵؼȥǵ˸ϵʱ򣬸ûзʲô
Ҷ죬Ҹоˣ֪Ҹоڤ֮йںҡ
ѪѪʱǿϢֱҶжʱ̾һˣ漴Ѫ֣չƮ첽˲뿪ԭء
ǵǰŮ˵ڤ֮йԼʱҶ췢ĵĹϲѪΪ˶ǹɺʲô
ϿֹСħʥʶɣʱħʥٶ޷ı䡣
ʱҶԺ֮кȻ˾ʯӼеʵһҶѹ˲Щ
˳ץڤֱڵϣǰŮһãȻ֮ɫҶڸûʱʲôϾѪѾڤѪѪᱻħʥʶɡ
ʦڵô죿ѪѾڤѪ
ҶмеʵһԵѪҲһͷˮ֪һǰ굽ôˣѪȴûʣΪ֪겻ƽ޹Ȼˣôһĵ


145 è׽
Ժ֮жʱһ̾Ϣ漴ʯӲŻ˵ħʥʶʵڹǿ󣬾ΪʦҲܽ
ԶʱһһĻҶУǧ򲻸ãʱΪʲôԼѪڤѪ
ʦû˿İ취ôѳɶ֣¶һ˿ʹɫֻǰѪĸɻѡ
Ϊʦһ취ħ鲻С
ʲô취
жʱһϲҶ漴㼱ɴʵҲƲѣԼʦȻ֪ôΪʲôղŲ˵Լ׵һ
ֻҪԼеǿԾ
飿
ҶʱеһɻѣԼʲôӵһˣԺкȻʲô漴֮ȡ˵պʨ͸Լӡ
нӲӵӣҶʵ벻ӾȻ飬Ҷڸȥ˽ӵʷֻҪܹѪҪ˵飬ҲС
ڵ׻ʱٵתһɰԵ˲뵽֮УҶе׼ѪĶͷ
ʱһɰԵ˲һգ۵ʱȫû뵽Ůӵ֮ڣѪֻĲһ£ûиеκ
ڤ֮еǹɺ𣿡
ǰŮҡҡͷҶһֻû뵽ǣʨ͸ľȻһ顣
Ҷ죬׷ʲô飿
ֱڣѪŻʳԼеʣΪ֪ڤ֮еĺȻʧǰйء
ҶҲû˿һȫ˵˳֮ѪҲʵһһգԼ㱻ɡ
ǽô죿
һè׽ϷΣ
è׽󣿡
Ѫʱеһʣ֪ǰ˵è׽󵽵ʲô˼ҶſѪϣһֻѪһֱϵĵͷϻ¶һ˿Цݡ
漴ҶӵɨһƬɾĵطʮ߸ͷڵϰŪʲôʱҶŴ󹦸ɡ
󷨣
ȻѾ³ǰΪѪȻЩţϾ½֮ϼֱ̫ϡˡ
ÿһ߶ǿµĴڣʱƾԽɱˣ˵ԽָǼԽǵȼԽ
ĵ˵ͷҶ漴˵֮еõһؼ󷨣ڶ󷨱סҵʵȴ󷨡
˼Ұ㣿
ѾȫŪãȵֻҪҵָʾ֮ȥľͿңһħλħԶסҡ
ǰ¶һǿţѪҲʱȾˣĵ˵ͷڵ֮ʼת
ˣڰָķλͬʱ֮סһ㣬Ұ֮еʱֻҪϵһ˿֮ɡ

죬أף磬ˮɽӣԻϢǬ޹𹬣й㹬빬ҹŹλſ
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ѪǬ룬㣬ޣ޹𹬣й֮й֮ס˹֮ͬʱת
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ѫ϶ʱ˹֮ͬʱ䵽Ҷ˵İ˸λ֮С
ĵ˵ͷǰŮһ͵漴Ʈ첽ʱչһգҶʧԭء
ħλڹ۲ǰƬڵ׸ôȥʱǰһ꣬ɫĵĿˡ
ѪĹȵĵӣ
꣬ûг֣ЩȵʵΪǰΪѿһʣѪĹΪʲôһħ
ҵݲǹܣѾҵ˳ڣô˵ҶħˣҲϣĸ
˵Ҷǰ˷ʵĻᣬֱӿٵ뿪ˣĴȴû׷ȥصĿѾ뿪ꡣ
磬˵ǸС˵ǲģ
һ֮ɫȻж֪˵һıȴûκεѡ
Ȼ˶ħÿռ֮УۣҲô߳οˡ
С˵Ǽ٣ǶҪԣߣʱ£ʵڲֱӽնɱ
֮¶һ˿֮ɫ϶ʱɢһ˿˿ɱ漴Ĵʧķ׷ȥҲҶŲˣֻһգۣ˱Ѿ׷


146 ׸
Ѿ׷ҶûκεĳɣֱʹƮ첽˲Ѿʧǰ
ȻҶѧŵľѧƮ첽ʵ̫ͣôֻ֣һգۣ˱׷
ػؼΣҶڸϻ֮⣬ҶתżħĴħЦ
ܿ죬Ĵħڸǰߵ꣬ʱɻʵΪʲôˣ
¶һĪЦݣҶָָһȴţ˵ǳڣҪ뿪Ľȥɡ
䣬Ҷһתʱʧڴ֮ڣħĴħ֪ǰĳǲһıûһ˽롣
λֵܣô
صĿǰĴţһ˿ᶨʵ
磬һıôֻһСС飬ǲȥһģǿˡ
˵ûȥˣֱӳǰĴȥܿ㳹׵ʧ籾סջûС
磬ǽǲ

û˿ԥƺشһΪж֪ˣ˵ǻһǲôͻᱻԶȥ
˾һѣҶԷֻһʵµ飬һıֻҪСĵ㣬ⳡӮĻܴ
ĵâһ漴˶ʱʧ֮ڣʱ򣬸ո˽ĴѾʧӰ٣ѪӰڴŵλá
ĵâ⣬漴˱Խһռ䣬ǰݺͨ˶֪һ
ڵĿռȴһд󾪣Ϊֱһ̣ʶ˲á
һͨϣĿΧ˵Ĺ죬ڵ֮ٵתţֻҪһԾԥĳ֣顣
ӭԾŹ󡣡
ʱռȻжʱһɫŭغ֣бµĳүүôԸ㡣
䣬㿴ͨĲԶȻһ꣬꣬˷һ㣬ٵĳǰȥ
δȵһɰԵ֮˲伤һգ۵ʱ䣬֮ݺݵļϡ
ЦһǺܿɫˣǴ䣬Ϊղʹ֮ϣͺһ㣬ʧӰ٣һ˿ûн
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һ̣ʶԣһ飬ȻԼǿһʲô
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пһŵĿǰ꣬Щ˵Ҫҵūͣܣֻһ飬ôܣ
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һ
ҶʱԸоǰ΢Ĳһ£ɫҲӵĲ԰ϾһԼΪͺܶߵūͣʵһܶ˵顣
Ҷȴûٸ˼ʱ䣬ֱ
漴Ҷɫһ漴һӴϢ˲ǰӣжʱһûһƣоԼ˵Ľ
ȵȣҴӦˣһӦңƴʯ٣ҲӦ㡣
жʱһϲҶӲӦֻҪӦʲôð죬ĵ˵ͷ漴˵ʲô˵ɡ
ҺǩԼ֮ǰԲ˵ūͣҪ˵Ӧ
ǰһᶨɵɫҶжʱеһʵ벻ͨūʲôֻһưˡ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ҶҲԥĴӦ漴ǹɰԵϢ˲ʧӰ١
ȻǾͿʼɡ
˵֮κεĵֿҶҲû˿ԥֱʶӵԺ֮УܿǩԼ
ǩԼ˭Բһ˽ԼԺղҶҪɱ磬ֱ練ơ
ڿԸ˭˰ɣ
Ȼҧⲻţ϶ʱ¶һ˿εЦݣҶһӣ漴һâ˲ǰӣȴ˵ƳǵĳҶ죬һ顣


147 ǧ
䣬ʱʧԭأһգ۵ʱ䣬˰ԾŹ֮⡣
ȻֵӣѪжʱһھȵʵôӰԾŹģҶأ
ǰŮӣҲһǺܿѾȻ漴ѷڰԾŹǰŮӡ
֮Ѫ緺ˣҶʲôȻոһҸпո
ߣҪҴ⣬ղѾɱǸСˡ
Ҳ֪ǲһ񫣬ǰ󷨣Щŭ˵ѪȴûϾܹʱ˿ӵ顣
ͬһĿռ֮Уͣţʼԭشת߲ǰͨ
ʱռȻ仯һգ۵ʱ䣬ԼȻսϣҪԵȴǧ
һɱ쳹ǧ㳯û˿ĳɣڵ֮ʱٵת
ҿûнǰǧУΪﵽ֮ٶ˶һЦ
һԵ֮ո˵Ǻܿ㷢ֲˣΪǰǧɱꡣ
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жʱһȴ˿ͣ٣ţԼһǿʱҲᱻ˲ɱ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֻ֪ԼɱˣǰȻ˳ķ
ﵽ֮Ҳĵһ̣һ̵Ѿӽ͸֧ǿӳƣ漴ʱϣڴڵſ
ǰȻ˳ԼվսôʹʼջûܹվΪѾĹˣڸʹһ˿
һ̾ԼҲǴ½һǿߣνħ򣬱ѰħѪħ񣬵û뵽ȴﲻ׵ˡ
ûڷſΪ֪ôſԼܹһˣܿ죬ѷĵѾǰ
ȵķ֣Լܵĳٴα任һգֻص˸ղŵĿռ䣬ʱһǰ
ݺǵģ㵽˭
Ȼֵĺ꣬ʱһУȴţһȻӵ˴ʵֱ˼顣
ĵ˵ͷҶ쿴ǰѾ޵ֿ˵ϻ˵Ҫ㳼ңֵҲѾûѡ񡣡
Ļû˿ľȣΪ֪ʵԴǴӽŵһ𣬽Ѿע
ȻˣôԼҲǿ֮漴ĵ˵㣬Ҷжʱһϲʶ˲Ժ֮УܿǩԼ
ƳǳҶ죬һ顣
˵֮Ҷһӣʱһâǰʧԭأһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҳߡ
磬ҲոˣҲԿ
һӳ֣ʱ˷ܵĺûֱһط
ˣʲô˵ģһûзȣҶ
绹û˵꣬㷢Լжʱһ漴ԹԵı죬֮Ȼ˵ʲô
ȻһĿռ䣬׿ǰͨûȥѰʲôΪ֪Ĳôʮֵİա
䣬ˡ
֮УΪʶʱ㣬ҲãʡȥҺܶʱ䡣
䣬Զһ꣬¶һ˿º͵ЦݿǰӣҶаһ֮УҲֻǰΪͷԡ
֮УһʲôĿģȻѾˣô˵Ŀˡ
ѵΪҲɱ㣿
ҶʱɻĿǰӣ֪ΪʲôӻôᶨΪԼɱ
ҲµĲá
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ȻҲ󷨣ȻܹסңҪɱҼֱ׾٣㵽ڶûг֣˵ɱңǲҪ˷ʱ䣬ֱ˵ɡ
ǰӵĻҶԼеĵλѸһλ漴ҶҲûڷϻ˵Ҫ㳼ҡ
û⡣
µʱҶϣҶû뵽ǰӾȻԥĴӦǼȻӴӦôҲʲô
漴Ҷʶ˲뵽׵Ժ֮УܿǩԼû˿ĳɣΪҪոһˣûʱܴģһӣ׶ʱʧڿռ֮С


148 
ħĴҶ쵽ѾշҶкշǸ֮еϴ硣
ԾŹ֮У翴ǰͨжʱһΪѾ֪Լ϶˱˵ȫס
ȴû˿Ļţ漴ӻȡһ洿ɫ̻һߵľӡ
¶һ˿Цݣڵ֮ʱٵӿ뾵֮Уʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһǿ⣬ֱ硣
ϴ꣬ߵΪﵽһ֮ϴػ꣬Ϊﵽ֮ϴ֮е꣬Ϊﵽ֮
һȫϴ֮Ѿﵽ۷壬ǿ壬ʧԭء
ԶҶ쿴һУжʱһ֪ȻȡʲôȻ
ȻʧҶȴû˿ľţΪţֻҪΪﵽ֮ô㲻뿪ԼõİԾŹ
Ҷ첢ûмѰӵ䣬յڰԾŹ֮УҲһֲ̣еĲ֮
ûжãӰٴγ֣һ̵ϣȴһ˿ɻʵ벻ͨȻ󣬰㣬ܿҵԼ
Żʹûжã㾪ȵķֱ֣ڶûмӰ
ѵ󣿲ܰ
ûֻ̫߹Լˣһþ޷㡣
ʱȻԼǰһ꣬ѪĹȵӡ
㵽˭ѵħڵԼ𣿡
дɻҶ֪ħڻʲôԼҶҲ֪֮ҲʲôԼ
Ҷкƣ֪Щû¸ΪʲôϲԼԼ֮أøʲôʲôıҶʵ벻ͨȻΪʲôҪŪʲôԼ
ħ֮ԼΪʲôҲ֪
ʱһֻеԼݺݵıһ£Ŀǰ˵ħ֮Լħ֮󣬰ڵӲ໥֣ڽȺ֮
ŶԭҲѪĹȵˣʲôħڵĵӣ˵Ҹô죿費Ҫħ֮Լأ
жʱЦһҶˣЩƤӣé®֪ˣֱһƾͼƣǰô죿
ȻǰȻѪĹȵĵԺжʱһã漴ʵô˵ҲǴѪĹȽħħڵԼҪأ򡭡
ô
Ҷһ˻ɫʱһЩ٩ʵѲͷҪոǰӣ˵Լѳ֡
ڽһַѪĹȣʱѪĹȻΪڡ
ǰӵĻҶʱЦЦ֮г˶ı֮顣
ЦʲôҪΪΣɱңħڽ̤ƽѪĹȡ
ʲô
ȻֹͣЦĿǰʵһ̣Ҷڶɱϵɱԥɢš
ҶкԼһնɱǰӣߵħҲ֪£Ҷţħڲ֡
ӲΪһССȥѪĹȵ鷳˵ģλѪĹȵħʥھͲ
ʵ˵֮Żǰãû뵽ǣǰΪɱġ
жʱһ֪֪УǰףֻҪԸ⣬ʱնɱ
粻˵ˣֻǾվԭأĶǰ꣬Ϊ֪Ȼжɱô¡
ҪΪҵū͡
ҶȻһ䣬ʱǰ˵ˣԼһ㣬ٴһղ˵ʲô
ҪΪҵū͡
Ҷٴ˵Ŀǰӣʱڻع񿴹һ㿴ǰʵƾʲô
ƾһûѡҪΪҵūͣҪ˸㣬ֵһ䶼շֻʣ㡣
Ļûие˿ľȣϾ֮󣬲Ҫ˵ֵܣԼҲް취
û˵վԭ˼ţҶͬû˵ȴûڿǰһۣʱ俼ǣϾ⡣
ʱţתһʱѹȻһվԭأϱ任Ųͬ顣


149 ս
ûʱٵ㣬벻һ𸴡
ҶڵȲΪ֪ٸǰӸʱ䣬ͬнϾӦҪһǣƣӦ졣
Ҳġ
˽һʱȻֻ뵽ôһʵҶеһĿǰ˵ֲʲġ
ҿԸһᣬֻҪܹҽþ֮мһյʱ䣬Ҳ㣬ͬʱҲֵܡ
˻棿
ĵ˵ͷҶʧԭأоԼǰĿռȻ任ܿǰһռ䡣
һ޴ɽȣɽȵĻþֱ֪֮ǻþ˵ΪԼһ˼ɾ
Ǻܿ۾ˣΪɽȵľ֮ϣȻ˽ͷЩȻﵽ֮
Ҳ˵ɽȵľ֮ϣȻ˽ͷ൱ڳ˰Ϊﵽ֮ʵߡ
ʵԾŹ֮Уûл󣬺ȻǰĻҶҹӵλÿռ裬Ѫֻﵽ֮ôһ̳ǰı㲻ʲôпڣۡ
ûе׼ã֮ϺȻһɵͨ崿ɫľһգ۵ʱǰ
һΪ緢֣ԼǰͷҲ˵ǰͷԿֲ֮ʡ
û˿İ취漴ˣڵ֮ٵתţ漴ƺݺݵǰ
ֵеϣǣĶԼͷһյʱ䣬ȻǰаͷǶһ˵Ҫȥֱ̫ˡ
ʱ쳹أ漴ɫݺݵԼβǰ˦ȥβʱײһ
֪һ£Ӵһ£βϵʱŷ֣ǰͷķֱ֪Χ
ûа취ڵ֮תӯٵתţʱʱĸǰһơ
ŭɽȶڲ漴һɰԵʱӾɢһ˲ǰӡ
жʱ󾪣粻κεĳɣȻ֪ǰһжõģǡǡȴܽɱ
кȻһ澵ӣǸոʹǿһ漴㳹׵ʧԭأǵþһŭ
֮ϣȻһ׵ףʩչ󷨵Ҷ죬źȻʧӣҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц
һţ漴һҶĿд磬ڴ֮󣬶ʱ޷磬ľɽȵÿһ䡣
ԾϲȻԼֳɽ֮ڣжʱ𺳲ѣʵ벻ͨԼѾΪʲôȻ֡
磬ڻͷʣ°յʱ䣬ܹסôζԼӮˣ뻹ǱˣΪҵ֮иá
ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻҶֹ֮ͣٶȳ˰ͷϵĿ
΢΢һ̾һڸоһ˿УΪƾͨһյʱ䡣
û뵽ǣѲ³ҲѾƽİ취翴֮ϲϿİͷеԽǿ
ٵʱ쳹أ漴ͷʱž֮ͳ൱ڰͬʱ֣¾Ҳܽսʤ
ûκΰ취绹ǳˣôΪūͣΪū͵İ취ֻһټְյʱˡ
ڵ֮תţٵıϿյˣǺܿ㷢֣ͷֱ̫ˡ
Ϊ֮Ǵ½ǿ֮һοǰͷԸһҪְܼյʱ䣬ԼʵѴﵽھˡ
ʱ򣬱һʹΪһͷβ˱ϣһɴʱ㱻ݺݵɽ֮ڡ
û꣬ոձҽɽ֮ڣʱֱ֪ʲôطһͷ
磬һǿͷβƤһ˦ˮȥܿ㱻ŰĥĲ
ˣ뿪ط
ʱ̲סĥ䣬䣬˦ƤİͷȻʧ˴ɽ֮Уоһռ任Լ»صԭĿռ䡣
һƨڵϣڴڵſռеĿ


150 Ĵ
֮ܲжһᡣ
ʱҶӰĳڿռ֮Уڵϵӣ̲ס̾һ
ΪҶղٵĻþжôǿԼҹӵλÿռöɣһѪ֮
Իþ֮еľܴﵽ֮ҶлЩźҪԼΪҲﵽ֮ôһʱڽ룬Ҳȫˡ
ҺڵĻڿһǳңϾ˶Լ
ѵ̧ͷǰһĮĺ꣬ϾȻ¶һ˿ЦݣֻҶ쿴ɻѣ֪һЦʲô
Ȼ˶ԼȴĸԸĳΪū͡
ŶΪʲô
еǷɻǿҶܹܵĵǰ˵ĻĵģҲԼе⡣
ûпʵʵһΪﵽߣ𣿡
û
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һ飬Ȼܹס˻ûκεķſ֮Һ󣬵Ϊﵽ֮ʱʱ㽫ɳʲôزҺڴ
עˣһ´עô죿
Լ۹⣬ˣǿʼɡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲûڶ˵ʲô漴ʶ˲뵽ǰӵԺ֮УܿǩԼ
İɣҲҵһ£ʵﵽԱܹҵļ֮ʱұ㻹ɡ
粢û˵ֻǾϾղȻþ֮УΪ˵ֵͷĹѾĹˡ
ʱ䲻Ѿȫָ˹ҶֻЦЦ漴һӣ˶ʱʧԭأһգ۵ʱڰԾŹ֮⡣
쿴ү˳ˡ
˸մгһ漴ǰ˵磬û뵽ҲƷˣڹƽˡ
ʲôƽˣ
类Լĵܶʱһͷˮ֪˵ʲô˰Ѫڣ϶¶һ˿Ц⡣
磬үƷ㣬ôȰ˳үںˣҲүƷˣڹƽˡ
Ļո˵꣬һűǰ˳ȥû˵ܼ⣬˵ʲôá
Ҷ첢ûˣֱŮǰº͵˵ллˣҪ㣬Ҹ޷ոĸ
ǰĻһ֮ɫѪʱɫЩĮ˵лңǲҵԼˣ
жʱһҶ˲Լ˵ˣ¶һ˿Ǹ⣬˵Ҳԣ㵱ȻԼˣһ˵֡
ĻѪϲŻ¶һ˿Ц⣬漴Щϲ˵ôĸշģ
ҶҲûκεѷڰԾŹ֮еһȫǰŮӣѪ֮¶һ˿Ժ
ĺ˲Ȼ֮ڣǿĴڣߺȻֻҪڣڴ½޼ˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ漴˵ڵΪܵͣҪĸİʵ㹻Աʱ򣬱㻹֮
˵ôô죬ûʲôˣҪôߣ
϶ʱ¶һ˿ѯʣ漴ƺ뵽ʲôҶʧЦҵɵţߣİҿʱز°ԾŹ󡣡
ޣ˭ˣҪ
϶ʱŭʱ˭ҲܹĳѪȻϳŭ֮ȴ¶һ˿ϲ֮顣
ҶѵϵİԾŹˣϾħĴħѾƷڸҪˡ
үǽô죿ѾƬڸ޷߳ȥ
ʱȻҶǰƺҲǸԼܵѧ
һ̾ǰ˵ԼǵģҶ췢֣ħħÿռؼ֮е󷨶Ҫ󣬲ǰ˴ħʥͬ
үڼȻ£ôͲħˣ룬ǲǸأ
һЦ߹Ĵħ֮УĻ࣬ʵȴ͡
Цŵ˵ͷҶ룬漴˵Ȼĵ۹̫иĴԺͽĴհɡ
Ĵգϲ
磬ħ϶¶һ˿ЦݣΪĴҲϲ
ңѪȥȥ˵֮ҶӰʧǰ


151 ħɳĮ
չƮ첽ܿҶתһ飬Ҷ췢֣ڵÿһطࡣ
Ҷصԭ֮ʱɫޱȵأΪ޷ҵڴȥҪ˵ħĵĲ㣬˱ˡ
үǲǸ޷߳ط
ǰһصĺ꣬漴ʵǻ䣬㱻һԵϴݺݵһ˳ȥ
⣬ѵûһ𣬴ڿʼ㲻˵һ仰㡣
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ħÿռޱȣƾǵʵ޷߳ȥһ취߳Ƭڡ
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ĵ˵ͷѪҶİˣ϶ʲô⣬Ĵո£κε⣬ڻֻҪҶ㲻ʲô񶨵֡
ĵ˵ͷҶûиһȻܹӵ£һ쳣֡
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ҶĻ䣬漴ٵվԼķλҶվмλã漴ڵ֮ͬʱת
Ӵ֮˲ֱӿǰĺ꣬Ҷڵٵת֮ͬʱ뵽ڡ
΢΢Ĳһ£ûκεĳɣҶ˫ֳ죬ת˿ʼת漴ڿʼ任
жʱһϲΪзλѾıĻþ仯ֻҪҵڣǱ뿪Ƭڡ
жʱһϲܿ죬ռ俪ʼ任Ǻܿ˵ϲñ㳹׸ˣΪǸû뿪ħÿռ䡣
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ǰһƬɳĮɳĮĲԶźܶӰڰѪѪڵˡ
Ҷ֮Ҳϲ֮ΪħͼϵħÿռǽµƬħɳĮħڣֻԼ˺ħħȥڡ
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ǰĻѪϲûκεɱģֻǰǰŮӣûְˡ
ѪУǰһֻ޼Ͼһ˵һһֻûκε
ѪУҪʲôʱնɱǰĺ꣬Ҫʲôʱ飬漴˵Ȱû뿪ѪΪãΪ䲻𣿡
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ʱһ漴Ѫɫ̲סһھȻһССһٶĶײҲ²ȥ

Ѫ϶ʱһǿҵɱ漴ڵ֮˲һգ۵ʱǰĺꡣ
ѪԼֻҪһбԽնɱǵ־ʱ򣬺Ȼǰӡ
ʱһѪʵ벻ͨħΪʲôᵲǰ漴ЩɻʵѪĹȵļ£ħְɣ
ȻѪţǰϾҪ˭˭ӮһأһѪЩ
ĿǰѪĹȵ漴˵ѪĹȵļǵȻܣү£ȴܹزɡ


152 Ͷʯ·
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ҪԸǵүòҪ֣ĸھͽնɱ
ԼǰЩ£Ƕ˿һ涼ҪǣҲһ
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Ѫɵӣǰ˶ĹԼ˾Ųʮ̫͹
Ѫ˵ע㣬ĸսһʱ㣬Ͳ֪ûǸˣ
ĵĿǰѪɫӣȻѪĹħ֮䲢ûжԹħûԶѣûԶĵˡ
Ѫû˵˿ٵ뿪ˣΪô˵ԷӵħԼѪֻħҪսһԼ
Ѫûаյ飬ϾνħҪѰħѪħ
֮ʱѪĿһǰĺ꣬¶һ˿Цݣƺ˵ʲô
үҪҪھɱǸСӣ
Ȼƽʱֳһֵӣħˣ֪˾ԲôΪΪĴħ֮оݡ
ҡҡͷҶ쿴ŽԶȥѪ漴˵ڶûκεĶڳ֣ڵ֣òʧ
ү˶ɱ⣬Żɽ»Իү㡣
˵磬ʵ֮УΪ侲ƵıףȴʵǿҶУǱȽϲס
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˵֮Ҷȡħͼյͼ˵ͨħڶڱǧ֮ɳĮǱ֮С
֪ͨڶڣ˱ûκεĳɣֱӳǧ֮ɳĮǱȥٶ֮죬ʵڵħġ
Ϊܹﵽħ֮Ͼħˣһʡ͵ĵƣħķ׵˿ٳһȥڰѪڣҲٵĸȥ
үȫˣô죿
תͷһˣ漴ǰɫЩŭ˵ϾͨħڶԼһҵģڵڣЩ߲ѡ
¶һ˿ĪЦݣ漴ħЩĮ˵ǹǸġ
ǰĻ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻ󣬲֪ΪʲôүϾԼһԽħڶ㣬ôõѪħĻҲӡ
ڣôʱѪħ˭һһһ̻Ϊˡ
ⶫүǹǸϣʱֻҪɳĮǱߴħô֪
һεĿǰԼĵܣ治֪ԼôΪʲôƫƫôһ⡣
һǰӣҲԼ磬漴һֺ֮ɫĿʵү˵˵Ϊʲôߴħڸǣ
϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ҶҲûκε漴˵ħڶû˻֪ǵħÿռڶҲ϶գҪҸͶʯ·ܽΣսͣ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҲ֪絽׶ûУ¶һ˿׵飬ֱħһ漴ħͬʱ¶һ˿ġ
ǧ·˵ԶԶ˵ԶҲԶ˵ֻҪʱܹﵽҶ˷Ųʱ·˰˸ʱڴﵽĿĵء
ǰǧɵһʯǱĴ̾ѣҶҲһ죬Ϊ˶Ѿ֣ǰǱ֮ʵʵڴڵġ
ԭͨħڶڴȻθлħˣߡ
ڵħĿһǰˣ˵ֱӳǰľʯǱȥܿʧڳǱ֮С
ڵħҲûκεĳɣϾ˭ȴﵽħһ㣬õѪħĻһЩѪڵħȫʧ˳Ǳ֮С
ѾʧڶħҶ¶һ˿Цݣ漴˵ҲȥɣסԶһͶʯ·
ҲЦЦ磬Ц춼ϲˣ˿ٵʧڳǱ֮С


153 ħ
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Ϊʮ˵ж֪ħĿʲôϾħ֮гδ֪ǰĹδ֪еδ֪
үͨħڶڴʲôط
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ߵͨħڶڴԼĽ£ҿ޷ԼµĻʯʲôر
㿴мǸС𣿡
˳ĵطͬʱȥ漴ĵϣһ˵󲻴˵ССĺڶ
ˣүǸСǿħڶİ취
磬ҪԺôҾͽһݺö⡣
ҶĻʱ˴ЦѣǺڴʵүʲô
ʱ֪ˣ磬ߵǰһɫȨû
ûеõ׼ȷ𰸣϶ʱ¶һ˿ʧ֮飬ȻǰȥĽŲһʣڵʱĿ⼯һϡ
Ͼħļ˰ҵһ̶һ۲գĶŻȥ硣
ܿ죬һɫȨ˻ѺɫȨȽϵʱ漴˵үǰ淢
漴УԭһСӣҶĽӹСӣһ֮жʱ¶һɾϲ
ΪС֮аڷžŸɫС룬ʱѪȻСħħ룡
ϳĿǰŮʵ˵ľħ뵽ʲô
ʵҶһۿ֮еľŸɫСʱ뵽ȴʦڸľ񣬿˲Ϊľ
ֱһ̣ѪȻһ𾪣漴˵˵ħ֮ǰһλħʥʵֱͨ죬ħʥþħưħ
жʱһҶʵû뵽ǰľŸɫС룬Ȼһħʥµıû˿ĳɣҶջ˾ħ롣
ɳĮıﲻ٣ڸǰʱһıﲻôߣֻҪǿ͸ıͨͨߣʱ׼ʱＯϡ
ףү
˵֮ĴȫɢĸȥҶǴѪѲŴ֮еһС
ڵħûиеʲôȣΪ˶֪ħĴħһѰڴһ̣ÿһڵħҲղͬĸλһ׷ȥ
գʱ䣬ֻʣҶѪˣЦһҶ˵ߴħڻǲǣʧˡ
ѪҲ¶һ˿Цݣǿǰ˵֪ΪʲôǸоЩͬ
ĵ˵ͷҶ漴˵Ҳָо˵ħУ˴ħʥܷǡ
ҶĻû˵ֻ꣬Ѫ֮Դȵ˵Ҷ죬쿴ʲô
˳ѪָҶʱȥʱ򣬴ǰȻĸ֣дžħ
Ѫ㣬ղ˵λħʥǲǰ˴ħ֮еˣ
ĵ˵ͷѪ漴˵ħʥǰ˴ħ֮һɷȵǰ
ͶˣҪǾħʥ𣬾ħ;ħҲ벻ͨǣΪʲôûĴħʥûȡ߾ħ롣
ʵҶ֪ոߺɫȨȵʱ֮ԱߵʯϿһߣҪǻһˣҲֲˡ
ǿץץʯڣû뵽ǣָոʯڣʯںȻһӡ
ôˣõ˾ħ룬ʲô
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵˵ĺܶԣǲ֪ΪʲôǸоħʲôΣ㿴ħĸֲˡ
ԭ֮ϵľħĸֻ֣ǴҴһһգ۵ʱ㲻ˣôţûҵħĸֵ䡣
Ѫ˵ûпܣħʥħľħ֮У
ĻѪжʱһ漴ᶨƵ˵ⲻܣǰħһ㣬ûеõħģħ˵ĿħʥħȫħĵĲ㣬ôħ֮С


154 ħ
ҶȻ¶һ˿أ֪ΪʲôǸоǰĴûô򵥡
ϾĴħʥͨҪҵħľħֱ練ƣħĴħʥȴûߣþħ˾ħ֮С
ҪˣħĲھħģôħǰûҵ
ѪĻҶĵ˵ͷϾֻеһ룬ҶѾ˾ģħһġ
ܿ죬Ĵձ»ص˴֮ڣڵħҲٵĻˣĴʧȥѰұǸĴת
ү˾ħ֮⣬ֻʣһЩ챦ĸ˾ͰܹߵĶȫˡ
ǰ˵Ҷжʱһ̾ΪԼѾˣںڣԼȡ˺еıء
ڼǰӣҶ֪ԼֱС׼ףΪڵ챦ֱʤ
Ȼȡе챦ȻҶк˵ĻЩţȴҲеһ
ȻǾ뿪ɡ
˵֮ҶȡɫȨȣߵ룬ǰĺڶеĺɫȨȻĲ˽ȥ
ʱ򣬺ڶ֮кȻɢһޱǿĺڹ⣬漴ɫȨȶʱ㳹׵ʧ˺ڶ֮С
漴һĻʱ˴֮еˣʱʮħҶڣȫʧ˴֮С
ʮ˱ڶ֮еĺĻ֣˲ʧ˴֮ڣܿһѪɫãĿռ֮С
һʮûзֿȫͬһص㣬ÿһ϶ϲãΪȻֵĿռħĵڶ㣬ħ
û뵽ħ˾Ȼ֪ͨħڶڴİ취ͨħλҲӦ֪ɣóôһһ¡
ʱվһԵѪȻ˵ֱѪѾ֪ħĴħѾͶҶ죬ȥĴħſܶԸꡣ
ȻѪĻߴħڵħʱƵĿǰˣϾܹ֪ͨħڣȥΣա
ĴжʱһȻΪʵܸߣ֮ħлǸеһļ¡
ߡ
ħ˿ĳɣҶһ£漴Ůӵ֣ٵĳǰķȥĴҲûκεĳɣֱ׷ȥ
ΪҶѾħͼħͼֻ֮Ŵħһħÿռͨħڶħڣûмͨڴ
Ҷû˿ĳɣΪкԼһԼòħͼôֻһħȺ֮
ߴħڵκһħڣҶ춼κεĵǣϾħߴħħԽ˲ɱ
ѪжʱЦһػأ漴ħ׷ȥħʱչ쳣׷ս
ȻҶΪֻǴﵽ֮ӵƮ첽ҶٶҲܹʱѺ׷
ܿ죬˱һʯ֮У˿ŴǰһһħȫԼϢֱʱ֮˲һ
ү˵նɱǸѪҲͲôˡ
ôһСɽ֮Уие쳣ҲҲһŭ顣
ֻҶһĮĿǰˣЩЦ˵ѪҳʰڣûѪߴħҲưոݵġ
үô죿ߴħħڶΪ֪ͨħİ취ں޲ҵǣԡ
Ļû˵꣬е˼˭ҲҶ룬漴˵ħôҪܿߴħڼֱ̫ˣҪĲ뿪ħǾΪ
ǰĻ֮аѪڣһֹ漴˵ү̫ˣУǵ֮Ҫֱ̫ˣ֮ǰѾﵽ֮ѾȥȻǶ֮
Ҳĵ˵ͷʾͬǰ˵ҶƺѲµȻı飬漴˵а취ڶʱڴﵽ֮磬Ȼܹͻ֮ҪﵽԲûпܡ
ǰĻжʱһ˵϶¶һ˿ɻ󣬲֪˵֮ǲġ


155 ֮
ҶûκεĳɣֱӴ֮ȡ˵Ƴ⣬Ӿ޷Ϳеõľż޵
˿ǰкȻֵ޵֮ʱѪɫǴ㣬һŵĿǰꡣ
үе޵ʲôģ
ֻ۾ɵıţ۶е緺һ㣬Ͼһ֮£е޵ǷƷ
ҶҲû˿漴˵˳ΪʦѾƾż޵ǿܹ֮һ
֮ĵûգôװ˷ѵһ̣Ҷ׼Լ֮һͻ֮֮ĵָĴա
ǰĻĴж¶һ˿м֮飬ϾǵүȻ޵֮ĵǣȴԼİˡ
Ҳһ̣Ĵвĳǰ꣬û˿ԥͬʱǰ굥ϥأһ
ǶɣھͿʼȵһ޵֮ĵȻǣסζҪȫﵽ֮
ǰĴգҶȻ֮ЩĮȴһ˿ϲãϾܹշٶ඼ֵõġ
漴Ҷڵϣı˫ۣеľż޵ʱƮ䵽ͷ֮ϣҶڵʱת
ʱҶͷ֮ϵľż޵ʼתһɵɫˮĻȻ£˲Ҷ塣
û뵽үõöż޵ȻһöˮԵľż޵һһֻǿޱȵ𡣡
ǰվż޵꣬еֻһ룬Ϊ֪ΪʲôǰȴһظУʼ޷ơ
ү֮治Ҫүͻ֮Ļʱֻﵽʲôʵڴ
ͬǰ޵ͻƵүһĳ֮ɫϾһ飬Ȼܹƾ󷨽Ĵħܣǰǲġ
һУһ̵Ҷ֪Ͼż޵ֱ̫ӴˣϾʱ޵֮һҲͬôյġ
Ҷͷ֮ϲϵ޵ڵоѾѵ֮⣬֮еˮоȻɶļ
ҶڵоǱӡҪ׽⿪ӡͱͨӴ֮ܽ⿪һν⿪оҲˡ
ż޵Ҷʱϣͷ֮ϵľż޵ȻƮ£ʱѵȴӹ֡
ȵĿеľż޵һк֮һ޵ҲȫϴﵽԲ֮
С㣬үİΣͽˣĸҪʼ޵ˡ
ĿһȻڵ꣬翴ԵŮЩǵ˵Ͼ滹ߴħڵĲ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ѫ˵ǷİɣѾȫڸϢô¶ȥҲϽʼɡ
ѪĻ䣬ĴձûκεĳɣֱԶĸϯضż޵Ʈ˵м䡣
ʱĴյڶȻһɰԵ֮˲Ͽյľż޵ܿ죬ż޵֮ٴĵˮĻһգ۵ʱ㳹׵ĸ˵塣
Ĵվż޵ʱҶվż޵ʱ䣬֮ʱ䣬ô˵ĴյΪѾﵽ֮
ҶʱϺȻ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫҲʼĲѪе֮ʱҶϺȻһǿˮ֮
ŵϺȻˮ֪֮ΪʲôѪоԼƺЩļ£ļºһ㡣
ÿµˮ֮ŵĺĵӶ޼㵽жǲ֪ģ
Ҷڣߴ֮еˮо֮һż޵ڱؿӡһ̣ҶֻоԼһƬ֮С
һƬӴĺ֮Уˮ֮ҶоԼֻܿȴ޷ָܺץ
ʱҶڵĹٵ뵽һӿ֮ڣܿ죬Ĺڵ֮ڻĿʼת
ûҶȣ֮ڵĴܿתˣĹɱӰԵΪﵽ֮תΪ
˫ۣһҶ֮¶һ˿ϲãڸǳһǰδеǿΪҶкһԼͻƿﵽ֮


156 ߵ׹
ǿҶкԼǬҲڴﵽ򽣹ڵľ硣
Ҷ죬û°ɣ
ɫЩԵ꣬ѪɫǵʵϾһһöż޵ֻ֮һҲһͬСɵ顣
ҡҡͷҶƽеϲã˵û£ֻͻƿﵽһ֮
ǰĻѪû˿ľȣϾһҪһ͵Ϊֱ練ơ
ĸҲҪͻˡ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ쿴ͻƵĴգΪĴѾʣµľż޵ȫոɾʣµֻͻˡ
ػǣҳȥϣܹҵͨħͨڴ
Һһȥɡ
ãϾĸû˿ĵֿ»£İɣҲµġ
һǰŮӣҶûκεĳɣֱ߳ɽҿ˿㳯ǰȥ
ܿ죬Ҷҵ޷ˣΪ޷ħĴħ֮һνħֻ֮һħħʦ
ҶЩСϲǣ޷ΨһħֻǸոմﵽһħ֮ħʦҲǴﵽ˶ħʦ硣
ǰҶ첻Ҫ˵ħǼħʦҪתͷߣȫһˣΪΪѾﵽ֮
Ϊﵽ֮ڵߴĵľˮоѾѣǬҲﵽ򽣹֮
ҶһţԼʦҲһս֮ĻôȻû˿Ļᡣ
Ҷȴа취ΪһݣǱǻ󷨵ߣл󷨣ȻûѪİæԼ޷ʹԾŹ󣬵ʱҶţƾԼڵʵֻҪó󣬾Կסʦ
ĶһʯߣҶȫԼϢϾԷһʦڻܶԿġ
һ·һһ·סԲҪǧ֮⣬
ֿǰԼĸ£ϳ֮ɫȻ޷ѵħڵλãֻҪҵħѪħô޷ϣ»صħλ֮ϡ
ʦû˵κεĻ漴ٵĳǰٶȥȴǳǰżٶȥ
жʱЦһҶչƮ첽ܿʧԭأħʦķȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ㳬ħʦ֮Զû˿ĳɣҶӵϰ߿ʯҰվ֮ϵıǷλ˱
֮УҶڵʵֻܰ±󣬶ԾŹΪҪﵽ֮ϣڸߵĶת󣬳Ǵﵽ֮
ʱҶ˿ΪѾҲ߿ʯ߹Ӵγ˱֮֮ơ
ܿ죬޷ʦ˱Ǵ֮⣬ǰߵ׹⣬жʱһϲΪҵ˳ڡ
û뵽ͨħͨ̤ЬٴȫѹھȥҴˣš
˵֮ʦ֮еһ˿ٵ뿪ˣֻʣ˿ǰߵ׹⡣
֪ΪʲôܾⲢʲôͨ󷨣ҪȻȽȥӦ
ĵ˵ͷûп˵˵ҲãҪסֻҪֲԾǧ˳
ãҽȥˡ
˵֮ӿٵĽǰߵ׹֮Уһգ۵ʱ䣬㳹׵ʧߵ׹֮С
жʱЦһ漴Ҷ˱󷨣ӽ뱱֮һֱǰͨȥܿһƬ׹֮С
ʲôط
ӭ󡣡
ʱǰȻһ꣬ѪĹȵˣҲҪҵˣʵû뵽ꡣ
дǣԼߵ׹⣬Ȼµ󷨣жʱ֪ԼһѾ˱˵Ȧס
֪ʲôҪ㣬ħĴħӲҵ󷨣Ҫ˵ˣ㼸⣬ùԹԻش𡣡
Ӳû˵ǵǰȻշĴħжʱУȻΪѾﵽʦ֮Ǻȣֱ֮
һ⣬֪޷ˣ֪ǵ֣ĸ˵ġ
Ϊﵽħ֮ǵĴ֣ҽ࣬ʣµһţ䣬һӥ
ڶ⣬Ҫƭ뱱֮С
С


157 ǽ
ǰĵڶ⣬û˿ԥһڻؾˡ
ƺѲµǰӻ˵Ҷû˿ľȣ¶һ˿Цݣ漴ʧ˰׹֮С
ҶոʧȻҶû˿İܹסʦȴаٷ֮ٵİա
࿴ʧ꣬жʱһֲõԤУ׹ٵı任ܿ任Ϊһǿա
漴ǿճ߿ǣ߿ǲϵı任ŷλ෢֣ô任λʼհձλ任š
ʱȻǿպȻǽ꣬жʱ󾪣ڵٵת
Ϊﵽ֮ڵתΪΪﵽʦ֮󣬱һ׽٣ӶӦԼ
޷νħħʦȫħʱӴħ˲ȫԼ塣
Ǻܿ㱯ķ֣Լµħָôֻһ˲䣬ħֱ㱻ǽơ
ʱ෢еǽȻͣԼǰִʱٴγˡ
һ飬ԸԸҰ
Ҷ֮г˱֮ɫܹǰϸܵһ˿ɱỳɣֻҪԼ˵֣ôĳֽɱ
ħһעǿΪ磬ûԥʲôӦûгɣ˺ܿǩԼ
үȻµıޱȣҪסҾЩ̫ܡ
ԥ˰죬Ǿ˵ѾǰǩԼȻϣ¡
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ˵˵һû޷סħħҪҲԲܡ
Ҿ͸ӲˣȻүΪʲôҪһأ
ʵ벻ͨȻүı޷סħΪʲôҪһ٣ȻְȻ뿪
зִ磬ѾˣʣµľͿˡ
˵֮Ҷʱʧԭأ෢֣ԼܵĿռٴα任һգ۵ʱ䣬˱ڴ
ǰˣϺ˵ˣҸոѾߵ׹⣬ͨħͨ
жʱһϲ󼱲ɴʵȷǰߵ׹ͨħڴͨ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷһᶨ˵ˣ¿Ա֤ߵ׹ǣħĵ㣬ħڻûз֣Ǿħ㡣
˵ĺܶԣҪħڻûҵ֮ͨǰħ㣬ֻҪõħѪħ񣬵ʱ޷ԲĴħˡ
˵֮ûκεĳɣֱӴħʦǰߵ׹֮Уܿıʧԭء
ȴûз֣ոһͬߵ׹࣬һ˲ֻص⣬ǰĺ˵үһ
ǵĸܺã
ҶжʱеһɻӰ֮Уħÿһ˽һԼΪĿģЩʱΪԼϧһС
ѪĸѪ޲УħĴħ֮һѪĹһǿħͬΪ棬ӶϧѪ
ȻѪﲻ˵ҶкѪʵᷳħ淨򣬸ᷳ븸׵淨
ҶѾħ֮кһҪѪѪĹȴߣܸۣԼС
ĵ˵ͷ漴˵ħ˶թֻ˴֮ЩΪֵܣԡ
ǰӵĻʱҶӵĺøд漴Щº͵˵İɣҲϲɱˣҪԸ⣬Ժһҡ
лүʱҿȰұ֤ǾԲܾ
߰ɡ
䣬˱Ҳʧߵ׹֮УԴӽ뱱ԺħʦԵ޹ʵʧˡ
Ҫǵһ̻Щ⣬ҲȥˣصĿǰһУܿѾ³ԼǰĿռһ󷨣һ޴ޱȵ󷨡
ʵ벻ͨǣʲô˲ԼԺٵתţǺֱܿ㷢֣ԼԺûҵνħİ˴ħ֮Уһλӵʵ
Ͼ󷨵߼ֱ̫ˣÿһǿߣǸż£ġ
ѵߴħ֮ǿ߽ħ򣿡


158 һ
ߴħڣҡ
ʱ򣬰׹֮кȻһĮӰ漴Ӱ׹֮л߳һȫµꡣ
أû뵽ȴˣҾȵǣȻһߣһСˣҪ֪󷨸޷סҡ
ǰ޷ħҶϲûжЩĮ˵Ȼ޷ס㣬Ҫƿҵ󷨣Ҳһܵ顣
治֪ŴʲôطģȻ޷ƿ󷨣ҲסңԶԲûʱϹīټ߼
˵֮ûٿǰĺһۣΪкԼ֮и޷˺һë
ѵͲ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
жʱеһɻ漴ͣ½Ųתǰĺ꣬Щɻʵ˵ɣʲô£
¶һ˿Ц⣬漴Ҷ쿪˵ħĴħѾշҲ˿⣬ֱԲ䣬㲻ң߲ħġ
ǲӽˮˣΪԼ˭ħħ滹ħʣھͿԸ㣬ǲӦġ
˵ûֱͣӳŻİ׹ȥǺܿ죬ռ䶼ı任ܿΪһɫǿա
ʱǿպȻǽ꣬ǽʦҲãǶȴû˿İա
ʱһ䣬漴һɰԵ֮˲û˿ǽ޷ƿֵ֡
϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц漴ֻһնһԵ֮˲ֱӻǰµǽꡣ
˵󷨸޷סң㻹ʡʡģȵô߳󷨰ɡ
˵֮ûٳɣֱӳűĳڴȥҶҲûֹһ·С
ָոȥ漴Ҷ޷ħʦȻڱ֮УѾʧӣҶһ˿ɱ
˲Ϊˡ
үƽʱȻĸһЩȴʧΪһħҲΪʲô޷ħԭ򡣡
ĻҶеɱȻɢȥô˵Ȼֽ㲻նɱ
޷ħڽ뱱һ̣ˣҶź˵ħʦҲҶ졣
ȻôǷղˣȡѰ˵䡣
ǰĺ꣬ħʦ϶¶һ˿ı飬Ϊǰĺֱ˼㡣
ֱһ̣ħʦжЩţһΪֻǴﵽ;꣬ȻշĴħһշʣµħ
ǲ֪ΪʲôħʦָоǾǰĺ꣬˵ظУҪ飬Ҳܹɹ
û˿ĳɣҶһ֣˲뿪˱󣬵ȴûдڴȥΪߵ
ҶкУȻ֣Ҫ⣬ûĴյĻħʦҲֵĶ֡
ܿ죬Ҷħʦصɽ֮ڣʱĴҲϣû˿Ĵնﵽ֮
Ҷ죬
ѪոϵĴնһľȣ˵ħʦһǸոշġ
Ҳ˱ԺԼˣֻûס֣ҪȻֿһˡ
ǰĻʱЩߵ˵үܲܺһ㣬ҪٴЩˡ
˵ʲô
Щɻʵǰӣ֮ЩϾֻһʦǰˣ֮⣬Ķﵽħ֮
үֻ֮ʱ򣬱ðԾŹշڴﵽ֮Ȼֶշˣҡ
ûеѻ˵ֻ꣬һߵķݣֱӱ˳ȥǰڵϵӣЩ˵ٸʮλᣬҲүĶ֡
ݺݵĵһǰӣ翴ǰĺ˵үѵûа취շȻΪЩҲͬһħ
үҪа취շˣõȵڡ
ӵû˿ķŭֻЩĮȻ˵Ͼܹշħᡣ
¶һ˿Цݣ漴Ҷ˵ҪշֲѣֻһһֻҪףңҪ˵֣ħڵħӲҵġ


159 ˵
жʱһ漴缱ɴʵүʲô취շħ˵
ûڷ˵ĻΪж֪ǰĺ굽ʲô취ܹշνħħ
˺Ѱ˴ħڵħȫշĳֻҪһ붼˾Ѫڣþò԰Ρ
Ҫסħ޷ǰ°ԾŹҲӳȥֻҪǽҵУҪôô
ĴԾŹ֮ÿһ֮аڣ϶¶һ˿ȻϾǾǱԾŹųҶū
үȻܹסħǾ͸Ͽ׼ɡ
ѾȲˣԺ֮бѾ󵽣ǰշеħڣôθ֮Ҳûʲôթ
ҪԸʣµħƾһ޷°ԾŹҲһ󡣡
䣬˶ĵ˵ͷ˿ٵ뿪˶ڣǰȥϾҶҪҵһط
ܿ죬˱ҵһƽأҶҲû˿ĳɣ漴㿪ʼ˲ðԾŹ
һҶҪõİԾŹϴβһϾԼΪѾﵽ֮䣬һİ
Ǿ˵Ϊȫﵽ֮䣬žڽ룬ʱҪ߳ҲḶصĴۡ
ǰĻ˲ûп˵ϾǾֻ֮˵Ϊﵽ֮֮Уһ͡
ҲҪģڵʵֻҪڽԾŹ֮УôĽһټ𡣡
жʱһϲÿһ˵϶¶һ˿ϲãϾܹһס֮׳ټֱ̫λˡ
ǰ˸ÿһһλѪǬޣضң룬㣬ţؿӥ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ܿվԼķλҶһʱٵȡſʯȻվŹλںá
ǰ˼סܷʲô飬ǧҪ뿪ԼķλֻҪǲ뿪λôҲܷǣ˳֡
ҶĻ䣬ԷλȻ֮ħ˹ǿ˲𣬿ٵת
λŹ𡣡
ҶڵٵĶ˲еʯʱ򣬰ԾŹʮ߸λȻʮߵڹ⡣
ԾŹ
Ҷ쿴ǰİˣ˵һգ۵ʱȫ뵽˰˵ڣ˱㳹׵ʧԭء
ողúõİԾŹҲ˲ʧ߿޷ǰһƺʲôûдƵġ
ĵ˵ͷҶȻһ˿źϾ˵ΪҪȫ֮ȻŹλҲоĻҶţʱҪ˵ڣҲס
Ҷٵĳűȥʱ䲻Ҷ»ص˱֮УΪ֪߻һ˵Լ
Ҷ߳ʱֹȻľվߵȴţȻֵ꣬һ˿Ц
һΪһˣôһˣͽأ
ߣղ˵ҵ󷨲ס㣬һΣ
϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣЩ׳յĿǰ꣬˵˵ˣȻ޴󣬵Ҫסңֱǳ˵λ
ȻΪʲôҺҴأ
£һ£ҾǲӽˮˣãҺģ˵ɣǶʲô
ǰӴӦԼҶжʱһϲ漴Ҷ˵Ѿٴβһ󷨣ܹ֮Ȼ뿪ô㣬ǲҪ˵ҵҲύ㣬ˣôҪΪҵ£ô
ãˣҪңһҪͨħͨڴʲôط
û⣬Ȼھ߰ɡ
ǰĻжʱеһɻ󣬱ΪԼĵǰ󷨣ȴǡǡ෴
֪ʲô󷨲ҴĵĵطϣǾʤҵʱޡ
˵֮Ҷٵĳǰķȥ˲ʧһ̳ǰľȻֻ߿ʯ
жʱһ֪Ȼǰ޷סԼȴòϣ󷨵޴ޱȣû뵽ǣ󷨵ĺľȻֻ߿ʯֱ˼顣


160 ǿǿ
ܿ죬˱˰ԾŹ֮⣬û˿ĳɣ̽˰ԾŹ֮С
ǺܿҶ³֮⣬ǰѾʧӣ֮¶һ˿Цݣһ֣ԾŹˡ
Ҷ컺У漴ԾŹʱ任ܿ죬ֱ뵽е
Ҷһθûкϻֱӷ󷨣ȴȣž֮ϵİͷжʱһ
ģô壬һǻþ
кݺݵ뵽кǰһжǻþϾĵطһ󷨣Ϊǿ֮һӵлþ
֮ϵİͷʱһͷɫȴûжΪк֮еĻþǿǿ
Ǻֱ֪ܿԼĻþжôǿ󣬵װϵʱֻоԼڵѪ緭ˡ
ɫ԰׵ĵڵϣ𺳿ǰİͷдԼĻʵڲţǰĻþȻ֮
ǻȻûд漴ڳǰӼȥʱֲκεĽҡ
ڵ֮ʱٵתֻǸոϴ֮е֮꣬Ǻǿ
ΪȴԿһϴ˶Ͼһ̣ԾŹѲѪһˣ̵Ӵڡ
û˿ײһ𣬶ʱֱݺݵĴ˻ȥɫ԰ǻһ˿Ѫ
ģҲ̫ԵˣͷһҲ׶Ը⻹ôȥ
ǰĻо֮ϵİͷие漴ž֮Ϻˣģô򡣡
䣬漴֮ϵİͷʱʧӰ٣ʱҶӰȻ֮С
ǰɫ԰׵ӣҶϲûʲô漴˵ȻѾ䣬ôǾͿʼɡ
Ȼ¶һ˿Ըĵ˵ͷȫκεķſʱҶʶ뵽ֵԺ֮С
ܿ죬˱ǩԼȻֱжЩԸҲ֪Ѿ˲صĵز
ĳǰһ񣬽һү˱ڰԾŹ֮⣬ʱ򣬰Ҳ˶ǰ
ֱڣҶ³Ѫ֮⣬ѾӵʦҲǵڣҶѾ½ħħˡ
үû˭Ҷֱ˼㣬ֱ̫ˣֻһ󷨣Ϳշħ
ûƨɣǰҲ¶һ˿壬ȻﲻԸ⣬ǲòǰ󷨵ǿ֮
ûǰ磬ΪֱڣҶ֪ǰе㲻ˣҶ˵ܹħУǾͺˡ
а취
ʱһĮȻ˿˵ˣǸոձҶշ޷ħ֣˲֪ǰʲôð취
νħİ˴ħڣʵѶħϾħ˴ҽħڶħ
ôϾħɵӣǲƽ޹ʾͽԾŹġ
ǰӣ֮һ˿ɻ󣬱ϾܹħħһЩ֮ڱˣ׽еġ
˵ֻҪħ޷룬ѪĹħͬʱУħڵ˻᲻ԾŹ֮أ
ǰӵĻҶвû˿ϲãΪ취뵽ҪԾŹû򣬸ò
˶û˵ϾİȨǰĺУǿǰɢȵ飬Ҷвûκεĳɡ
Ѫ£˵ȥѰħڵħֻҪ֣ҪκεĶֻҪƽУȻУʱһŪȻ԰Լķλվá
ǣү
˵֮󣬳Ѫ֮⣬ȫٵ뿪Ͼε޴Ҫǳɹǽշʣµǿߡ
һҲûж˵ʲôȻΪѾﵽ֮к֮Ҷ£ҪѪУҪǰԾŹû򣬲Ҫ˵סħʱܲһ¡
վԼķλʱֻҪħڽУұҪ޻ء
ǰĻ˶ĵ˵ͷȻԼķλվãҶ¶һ˿ţʧԭء


161 ƽ
ħħҲҶðԾŹշգٵĳǰķȥ
ܿ죬ûҵˣȴҵѪĹȵħҲҶͷѪѪˡ
Դӽħħ֮ѪҶ䣬ȴһ˿ǣϾһ̵ҶѾǰǸֻ龳ˡ
ǰҶ죬ֻһΪﵽ֮Ѫһ̣ߺȻΪͬﵽ֮ħĴħ
ȻѪԼʵţȴûŵһֿ֮ħĵزѪУܹҵ꣬ȴҵꡣ
ԶѪĹȶˣжʱһ䣬ԵˣתĳŻķȥ
ʦ֣쿴ǰħˣ
˳ŻķȥѪʱһжʱϲϾܹҵħħô˵Ҳڸ
֪ΪʲôѪָоǱ֪ͨħͨڴʲôطħ˽ħڶܹ
Ǹȥ
ʦ˵ĻѪɫʱһ䣬ϾԷħԼһȴֻħһִôܵľԼһ
ʦ֣ħħڣóȻȥµʱ򡭡
ѪĻû˵꣬е˼ȴԲѪҲ¶һ˿أϾѪĵǲǶġ
Ǻܿ죬Ѫɫ¶һ˿ᶨƣҵͨħڴڣôħҲ·һ
ôǶҪ뿪ħǶ˵ħĵڶħ֮Уÿʱ򣬱һΰƽ٣ÿһνħǰҲ˰ƽ֮С
ѪĻѪɫʱ䣬Ϊħڶİƽ٣ħ֮ΪһֲĴڣٷ֮ʮħǰǳ׵˰ƽ֮С
ʦ֣ƽʲôʱ
ɫҲǼΪصĿǰ޾ĺڰգѪ漴˵Ҳ֪ҿԿ϶ħİƽپԲᳬ졣
ʲôֻʱƽٱή٣
ĵ˵ͷѪһֵѪ˵ҲǰǾԲᳬ죬Ǳ뾡뿪뿪Ψһ취ҵҶ졣
ʦֵ˼˵Ҷ֪ͨħͨڴİ취
ٴĵ˵ͷŽʧħˣ˵Ұٷ֮ٿ϶Ҷ֪뿪İ취
Ѫû˵ʲôΪѪкڱҵ꣬뿪ħʱƽ٣˽
ֻ֣ҪȻħ˺ߣͨʲôطֻҪǽ룬ǸŽ뼴ɡ
ĵ˵ͷѪûзʲôϾνħ֮Уָ߱Եʦ֣һΪﵽ֮ħ
ܿ죬˱㳯ǰȥʼǰ˱Ű׵ľ룬ѷˣ˵汻Ҳ֪
磬Ѫү鷳ȻûħڵħùҲһܲ顣
ûмӿٶȸ·ȫ·ĻѪܹ׷ϣѪҲһܹ׷ϡ
ϾĴ˾ż޵֮ΪѾȫﵽħ֮еǴﵽħ۷壬ֻҪϴ֮еĵһǣôΪԴﵽħ֮
ĵ˵ͷҲ¶һ˿Цݵ˵翴Ѫ˳ˣѪүɱ⣬үʱв
ûүʵȻǿϾֻһһͣħǲ󷨣򲻿սʤξ󷨲סѪǲܸʲôۣҲҪסѪ
һϲ˵Ҳʱ˵Ĵ֮УͷԾΪҲҶΪ͵ĵط
˵û۸ʲôۣǶҪѪ촦ܸүκε
׵Ļո˵꣬ϵǰ˾ҶǩԼҲԲҶˡ
ԴҶһžż޵֮ĴհڣǸóϷ
Ͼĸжһžż޵ǶôĹأϾһֻż޵޵൱һǿħ
ħҲֻһΪﵽħߣû˿ԥѾż޵ˣȻⲻĵͼĴȴĵͼм֡
Ͼǿż޵֮⣬Ҫϴ֮е꣬ﵽħ֪֮Ҫʲôʱ


162 ֮
ܿ죬Ѫ˱һƽȣ˸û˿ԥֱӳǰпȥܿ㳹׵ʧԭء
ʦ֣㿴ǰɫͨ᲻ͨħڴͨ
ѾʧħˣѪɫЩϲʵϾܹﵽͨħͨͿԶƽ١
ħ˽ӦþͨħڴΪ˽һأһ˽ͨ
ãʦֵģҽͨĻʱٳʦ֡
ĵ˵ͷ漴ѪٵĳǰȥܿʧԭأֻѪһ˽УҶҲЩȡ
漴жʱһЦҶѪΪͨıԼʦܽͨͨûµĻôѪԥĽ롣
ҶһȴûȥѪΪԾŹ֮ѾһħҶѪĹȵѪкøС
ܿ죬Ѫ˰ԾŹ֮еȣž֮ϵİͷѪкݺݵĿһ£ʹԼ۾ǲԼˡ
˱˵Ȧףͨħڴһ󷨣һһޱȵ󷨡
ѪʵȴɵһǰƱѾ֪Լ˱˵󷨣Լ޷߳ȥʦ֡
ʱȵľ֮϶ʱȶΪ֮֮ϸһ˿⣬֡
Ѫ쳣ƣڵҪ˵ʲôսˣǾ֮ϵİͷϢѹԼ
ħλȻ󣬺ҳһ
ѪûκεĵִϾֻһԶԿ֮ϵİͷȻѪ֪֮ϵİͷõģǻ֮еĻþȴʵġ
ʱҶӰȣǰӣҶ첢û˵ʲôϾѪġ
ԭ󣬿ħѾշˣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˿ϾħĴħԼշᱻħڵ֪ǰħ֮
Ȼһʲôɣֱ˵ɡ
ٴĵ˵ͷ֪ΪʲôҶǰӺкøУ漴˵ȻҲϻˣպҡ
ƺѲµǰ˵Ѫû¶һ˿ľȣϾУûжѾܹ˵ܶˡ
ҶҲû뵽ǣǰӸû˿ԥӦһԼǩԼ
֮ҶлЩɻʵһ㣬ΪʲôӦңҵ£
ҲӦ֮󣬲Ҫ˵ңѪҲ߲ͬȥ֪Ҫ뿪ħֻиܹ߳ȥ
ѪĻʱҶǰ࿴ҶҲûڳɣֱ˵ҪѪС
û⣬ھͳȥ
Ҷһ֣Ѫ³˰ԾŹ֮⣬ԼʦܳѪжʱһϲ漴Ȳʵôħڴ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷѪҲ¶һ˿ϲã˵Ѿˣȷͨħڴ
Ȼ˵ţѪȴЦȻƽʱѪмӣǶѪΪԱΪ֮
ϾѪѪĹȵĵλСƣиϸףѪĹȻԺ绽꣬л᲻ÿѪɫˣѪ޲ھѪС
ãǸϿͨɡ
жʱϲѪû˿ĳɣֱӳǰͨȥȴûпӣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ܿ죬˱뵽˰ԾŹ֮УѪֻһ۵ʱ䣬³⣬ѾʧеѪѪ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ڰɫ֮ͨУѪûϲã¶һ˿أѪȻʧһ̣о˲Ծ
ǵҪ뿪ʱѪźȻ֣Ѿ벻ˣһ̣ѪȷԼνħڴٷ֮һǿ󷨡
ܿ죬Ѫһ涼ǰ׹Ŀռ䣬ʱҶȻߣһЦĿǰӡ
ԭ󣬵Ϊס̫߹ԼʵҲ͹ֵʵˡ
ֱһ̣Ѫǰĺ궼һΪµߣޱȣѪҲƾʵܹô


163 ж
жʱЦһ֮¶һ˿֮ɫҶ첢ûٶ˵ʲôֱʧ˰ԾŹ֮еڡ
ҶոʧѪԼڵĿռȻ任ܿһɽ֮С
Žŵµİ˰棬ѪимһˣΪУһֻϣֻһֻ󷨵ϰˡ
ûнǰİ˰ɽڵ֮ٵת漴һѪɫֶʱȫ
Ѫֻϴ֮еض꣬ϾΪﵽħ֮ϴ֮꣬еһ꣬ҲΪϴ
Ϊ֮е겻ϴĴ֮г֮⣬˶ûϴ꣬ҪǿҶľż޵ҪϴҲ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ܿѪɫ㳹׵ıˣΪµİ˰ɽȻҵķҾʱ򣬾֮ϺȻ
жʱһѪ¶һ˿֣ΪһȻ֣Լµİ˰棬Ǿ֮ϵǧȻɡ
ͨĻףѪ⣬ǶףҪ˵һССĶڴˣҲᱻ˲ɱ
˿ĳɣ漴Ѫȡһ磬ʱԼϣѪлǲģһѪɫӳǰ
ԾŹڵһĿռڣѪǰĻ棬ɫʱ䣬˵û뵽ѪѪħºѪħȫѪ
жʱеɻѣҶ쿴Ż֮ӺȻϵѪºóħ飬ܹ϶ѪȻóԷͬ졣
ĿһԵĺ꣬Ѫ漴˵үѪĹһӵֱѪħ£ѪħڤħڤħѶʧһ̣ѪĹֻʣû뵽Ѫ
жʱһȻҶ첻֪Ѫ˵ΣܹڤħҲ
ܿ죬ҶжʱЦȻˣҲհײգֻ͸ѪڤѪĹȫ룬һ͸Ѫ
漴ҶûκεĳɣֱֳŻץȥռ֮ڣѪռ֮䱬ѵϢɫԽ
Ȼ֮ŵ׵׻ûжԼǲ֪ΪʲôѪֲõԤС
һϢУѪݺݵ˦˦ͷܿϱ㱬һǿţž֮ϺħΣ
䣬ʱ򣬾֮ϵȻ䱻ֿһֱֻۣһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѫǰ
ûеѪŪʲôһֱֻݺݵץסԸԸ⣬ֱץסϵѪħ£һѳ
жʱ󾪣ѪţûѪħµĻҪôֵ֮ŵ׵ס
黹û꣬ѪֻſֺȻץߵѪħ£ûȥеѪħ顣
ǴȴЩѪħ£ֱֳѪеѪħץٴδ󾪣ѾѪħ£ڶѪħ飬ѪܹԼжˡ
ڵ֮ת漴ѪźȻֵĴֺݺݵնȥһԵ֮˲
ǺܿѪϱ¶һ𺳣Ϊָӵֱ֮ץסеѪħ顣
һգ۵ʱ䣬ѪѪħ£õѪħ飬ѾȻֵĴȥ
еѪħ£Ѫħ飬ҶϵЦԽǿʵѪĹʲôã
˵ѪĹȵҲͬħΪڤħڶѪħ飬ʣµһѪħ£ǰǲ֪ǵѪħ£˵ֵܹס׽ٵϴ
ȻҶ֪еǿ󣬵ǵѪħ¾Ȼֵܹס׽ٵϴл̲סһ
Ͼ¼Ϊǿ֮һǾ֮ϵ׽٣Ϊﵽ֮Լĵһ׽١
ҶĳԭֱԽԼĵһ׽٣ֻҪΪﵽʦ֮Լĵڶ׽١
Ҷл϶ԼѪħ£ʱԼ׽֮ʱԿ԰ȫͨ˲Լ
ǺܿҶԼ룬ΪѾʱԼΪﵽʦ֮Լ׽֮ʱ
ϾԼɹ׽ٺɹ׽֮ĲǺܴģɹԼ׽٣ôµԲԼԶɹ׽٣µǿ


164 ÷
еѪ֮Ҷֱһ̣ѪĹȵѾ֣ʱֻҪ͸Ѫɡ
ռ֮ڣѪɫѾޱȲ԰ףΪʧȥѪħºѪħĻ޷ֵɡ
Ѫתڵ֮ϵֱᱻϵĻ˲ɣԶѪȫ˻ɽ֮С
ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһֱ۴ֵĴɫ׵֮һգ۵ʱ䣬׵֮ݺݵѪϡ
ֱһ̣Ѫ֮ж˲֮УԸţԼᱻһССɱ
建ĵȥܿ죬Ѫ㳹׵ûϢ˫ȴȻţ֮һ˿ġ
үɱѪ
ȻµѪѪжʱһΪУһֱΪǰĺ겻ɱѪһշ
һ̣ȴԥնɱѪҶĮĿһۻռӣ漴Ѫ뿪˰ԾŹ
վ֮⣬Ҷϲû˿ı飬Į˵ѪԲ̣ϣպضΪ˼䡣
ĵ˵ͷǰĺ˵֮û˿ķԣϾѾΪūͣѪҲΪѪʵڸ
ܿ죬Ѫ˱Ҳ֮⣬Ҷû˿ԥֱȡѪħºѪħ飬ǰŮӡ
еѪжʱһҶڰԾŹ֮лɱѪѾ֪ȴû뵽ҶõѪĹ֮е
û뵽ѪǸϼһȻ˽ѪĹȵȻصѪĹ֮һҪߵ
򲻿ɡ
ǰĻѪжʱеɻѣϾ˽ѪĹ֪Ѫ쵽ʱɣȴ˵򲻿ɡ
Ѫ˽ѪѪĹôʱնɱѪᱩ¶ڵʵ޷Ѫ쿹⡣
ĻжԵͷϾѪĹȵĳѪʵǿӵħҲѪĶ֡
Ѫͬ˵ͷ漴û˵ʲôѪĹ»ص˰ԾŹ֮ڡ
ǺܿĴٴȥϾնɱѪħڣֻȫոҶȫԸħһС
ķλѪ棬ϾħĴħۣ˵ǿһЩĴոոȥ޷˱ˡ
޷˴ħĴħ֮һڣԴ޷˥Ժ󣬱һֱڡ
νħĴħħڶǸԼħڽ룬ֺܿϵڵĴħ
ڽħͬĴħֱ÷ȻֻǶħȴܹһ󷨡
ҲΪʲôѡ˽ħԭ򣬿ǰ·ˣЩͷ˵ͨʲôط
жʱЦһȵǼˣȻֵΪҲﵽ˶֮֮Ĳ࣬Աڵ˰һͷ
ͨǰ棬ĸѾȥͨħڴ
ħڵ˸˵֮νħ޷ýħˣʲôʱڵĵǲ
Ҳ˻޷ԭ򣬺ܿ죬˱˰ԾŹ֮⡣
ͨħڴǸϿɡ
˵ִ֮ĴħʦٵĳŰԾŹ֮ڿٵȥܿı㳹׵ʧ˵֮С
ſʧ޷ˣһ̣ڵһղǸ˵֮
Ȼ޷һֱڣǲô˵ħ֮Уһ޷ڱһӣʱǺҲˡ
ô
ڵɫЩǵĿǰڣ֪ΪʲôֲõԤУϾһһ
ħκε飬ֱӳǰͨȥܿıʧԭأֻһǵ
㵣ǣкԼ룬һʲôв֮ȱһˣô󷨱㲻ܲ¡
̾ϢһҲûʲô㳯ǰȥܿʧ֮ʱҶѪȻڼ뿪ĵط
Ҷ죬ǵʵܹܻڵ𣿡
ȻѼʶԺ󷨵һ̣ѪȻһ˿ǣϾħһ󷨵Ĵħ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷ˵ģϿһĴգû˵Ҫס˻ѡ


165 Ȫ
ĵ˵ͷѪҲ֪Ҫԣ漴㳯ԶĴ뿪ķ׷ȥܿıʧԶ֮С
ǰİԾŹҶ¶һ˿Цݣĳǰڴȥܿʧڴ
ֽ֮󣬿ٵĴħʦԼķλվãڵ֮ٵת˲ӿС
ܿ죬ոȥĴҲصУһ̣ԾŹħħʦļ룬ʱǿ
ߴħħʦļ룬Ҷжʱĸһ̣Ҫ˵ʲôħħڣҶҲĽɱ
ܿ죬ڵ˱оһ˿ԣϾôߣʼ޷߳ͨһҲ޷ˡ
һСĿռûǰߣΪһ̣ڿǽĿռ⣬ôҲٻˡ
ģû뵽޷ļȻǣټĸһʬΣ
Ĵħ֮еΨһŮԣ÷֮еľɫޱĿǰͨͬ
˱˵ļƣ֮󷨣ŵƾ޷Ǽһ޷ó޷뱳ˡ
÷Ļͬʱ˵ͷϾνħ޷ˣΪߵҲֻһħ˶ħʦ
ܹܵν֮ǿ˸֮ǿ޷뼸˲µġ
ڸô죿
ڿʼ˲뿪Է벽ʲôʱ˶Ҫһ𡣡
÷Ļͬʱ˵ͷܿ³ǰͨȥʱһӰȻͨһ档
Ȼֵĺ꣬ڵжʱһɣΪȻֵѪĹνħˡ
˵Ϊһ۱㿴ǰΪֻǴﵽһ֮û˿вϾħУֻϰĴڰˡ
ӭԾŹ󡣡
ǰڵĴħҶû¶˿ȻһĮӣڰԾŹ֮Уһбס
㵽˭
ƳǳҶ죬ϣԺҡ
ǰһƽƺԼ˵ĻһʱĴħЦЦ֮г˳ƺЦһ㡣
ƾʲôһССͣƳǵĳô㣬ֻһֻϰˡ
ЦֹͣĿǰĺ꣬ɢһɵɱ漴һǿ֮˲ǰȥ
Ǻܿ˱㷢֣ǰĺȻʧ֮ͨУ֮ɢһֺ̣Ȼ֮ͨС
㲼µģ
صĿǰĺ꣬÷жʱһɲõԤУǺܿɲõԤб㱻ݺݵѹȥ
ô˵ǰĺ궼ֻһܹͣҲܴ󣬵Ҷȴû˵ʲôֻǵĮЦЦ漴ٴʧԭء
ʱ˺Ȼоռ任˲˻ռ֮УŽŵµ޾д
ģʲôطȻ𡣡
¶һ˿֣ʱȻǵΪѾﵽ˶ħ֮Ƕһû˿ĵֿ
Ҫ˵ֻħΪѾﵽħ֮Ѫ˲ɱοǡ
ңʲô𣬶ǵֻ֮ҪܹҵȪۣƿ󷨣뿪
˿ٵĳŻռ󷽿ȥʱ򣬾֮ϺȻĵֱ۴ֵ׵֮ʱ¡
һ𣬵ȴû˿ң漴ڵ֮ٵתĹɰԵ֮˲γһ֡
ĵ׵֮һգ۵ʱ֮ϣһ죬˵ɫʱЩ԰ףȴûѪһŪ촦
ֵסȥҵȪۡ
˵֮÷ٵĳһȥܿʧ˵֮Уȴû˼ЩΪ֮ٴ¼׵֮
ȱһħļ룬ٴεֵ׵֮Գ˲٣˵ɫҲԽԽ԰ס
һռ䣬ȤĿǰĻ棬Ҷ֮гһ˿ͣ˵û뵽ڵļ˺Ȼж󷨵ˣҪˡ
һԵ꣬ѪЦ˵Ҫ飬ĸҲܰڡ


166 ̾
ѪĻҶЦ˼漴˵˲ôɱأϾĸѪͬҶҪշǡ
ǲǹ÷ҵȪۣȻĸ뿪ռ䡣
ǰĺ꣬Ѫɲƾʵܹڵ˵ֿôã÷ҵȪۡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿漴˵Ҫ˵ʵжǿ÷
ûҲо÷ЩԾ󷨺ܶƵġ
ռ֮УɫϲĿǰӣЩȷ˵ǵȪ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ÷Щ˵ȻռޱȣȴѲңҪҶ󷨣ҵȪۡ
ǸϿ뿪ɡ
ֻ÷ڵ֮ٵǰһڻ֮ȪʱȪ۱һɹâ˲ˡ
âһ漴ڵ˱ʧ˻ɽܿһɽ֮Уûκεľϲһ˿𾪡
Ϊ˸ո뿪ɽ˰ԾŹȣž֮ϵİͷˣ÷Ҳ¶һ˿֮С
Ȼ˶֪֮ϵİͷǻþ֮УһлþȴǿԻɱκ˵ģֻҪڻþ֮ȥôʹѾˡ
ûи˴ϢĻᣬ֮ϵİͷȻȫֱ£ǿ˲ȵÿһط
󡣡
÷Ļո£˲䰴һֵķλڵ֮ٵתţĹ֮Էλתš
Ҷɫһ䣬Щȵ˵û뵽÷󷨵ԶԶҵ֮У󷨵Իɱһħ
ҶĻҲѪһ𣬱Ͼܹɱһ˼кֻѪû뵽ǣħ֮УȻж󷨵ˡ
ѪԿ϶ҶסڵĴħʱ˴ħڽսֻҪ´ôʱ˭ڵĶ֡
Ҷ죬ûаգ
϶ʱ¶һ˿ţ漴Ҷ˵ߣû˿İƵڵ󷨣ڽ˰ԾŹ֮У÷Ϊܹﵽ֮˵뿪
ĻѪв㰵һϾòܹշĴħĻᣬ˭ҲԸʧȥᡣ
Ҷ˵÷µ󷨵ȷǿޱȣͷֻǵһ̣㱻֮ɢǿɱ˽ʮͷ
Ҳ˵󷨣ֻһ˲նɱ˽ʮħҶҲʱе̾硣
ҪƾԾŹİãħħʦҶֱٷ֮ٵĿԿ϶Լϵ裬Բ÷
𽥼ٵжʱһϲǺܿ죬ǰĿռٴα任ܿȱ㳹׵ʧ
漴˳һƬɱڵսǰǧû˿ԥֱӿʼɱ
ںȻֵսǰǧÿһ˶û˿Ϊ˿ԽɱԽˣлйĿ־С
ħɱҳ㷹ѪȵĴɱ˸еһ˿ֻţ֪ǰǧǻ룬ȻҪϵɱ
Ǹô뿪սʵɱˡ
ݺݵǰˣ֮ЩҪĺ֮гһҰ޵ζϲѪ
ΪҿֻҪնɱǰǸɫ׵ˣǱܹ
䣬÷һʮˣڵ֮ʱγһѼĵֱӳǰȥΪ俪
ܿ죬˱һɫ׵ߣû˿ԥ÷ֱһԭشתɫӱʧǧ֮С
ɫһǰǧȻʧӰ٣ʱ򣬿ռٴα任ܿһ󳱿ռ䡣
ǰֹڵһĸоһϢڳ
ߴߴĽȴҪȰͷҪ𺳣ֻɫ۾Ķǰˣ󳱱һǿ˷֮С
ڵϣ֮һ˿ѵ˵ҲȥˣǸ޷ƿȥҲҪˣԸ
ֻҪҵȻնɱʱǾͿ뿪ˡ
÷ɱȻҲ뿪ʱǻһ֪ʲôĵطʱô죿


167 Ĺ
ǰ˲ϵķʣ÷ҲʱеһΣ˵ĺܶԣܹ뿪˭֪һطʲô
ź޷ſ֮ڵϣϳң÷Ҳûκεķſֱϣȴǰ󳱽١
˵ȴ󳱽ٵʱ򣬺Ȼǰֻ˲ʧǰ
λʵҾ壬Ǿ仰λԺҡ
һ֣Ҷֱӿ˵һ˿ĹĨǶûУϾ֪ǰ˶Ǵˣʹ˵Ҫ䡣
ҴӦ㣬ھͿʼǩԼɡ
ҶĻ䣬Ĵħ֮еľһΪѾħ֮ħǿߣʱɴ˵
ȻһǿĶħÿĵȴֻһЩͼ飬Щȴ쳣ֲ
ǿ߶սȴֹľĥϾɱĵԶµģҲĥ˵ģԥѡͶ
ĵ˵ͷ漴ҶǩԼܿ죬ҲЭǩԼ
ħ뿪֮󳱿ռֻʣҶ÷Ȼţ˭Ҳ˵ֻôĶŶԷ
֪Ǵʲôطѧģ
ڵҶ죬ΪҶкԼ˵ôǰһ˵Ϊ֣ǰӵ־֮⡣
÷Ҳû˿漴˵Ҳûκѧϰֻǰ֮еõһؼ˼ʮƽ֮һƪܸ٣ϧҿҪȻ󷨲סҡ
ҳǿϵ裬ԶԶңҪסһ㣬ô˵ڶˣʤһңνʤΪΪܡ
˵ĺܶԣʤΪΪܣȻѾ㣬Ҳûʲôԥģϣպĸǿ󡣡
˵֮÷׵ķ˵ֿҶֻ˵һһģȻʶٵĽ뵽ӵԺ֮Уһգ۵ʱ䣬˱ѾǩԼ
վ÷ӻȡһؼ֮ǰõǱĿһеؼǰĺꡣ
ô˵ǰĺһ̶ˣ÷ʱϣԼʵԽǿԽãԺԥİؼ˳ȥ
ƺѲ³ǰӻҶû˿ľȣĮĿһۣ漴һӣ÷㳹׵ʧ󳱿ռڡ
еؼҶй˵ϲãΪշħĴħһҶʶ󷨵ǿ֮
ֻһΪﵽ֮꣬ƾԾŹ󣬲ոħĴħշ޷ڵˡ
ʵֱȫֲҶţȵԼΪҲﵽ֮ʱʱڲ°ԾŹ׻ʲôӡ
ķؼһҳдĸ֣ܸ٣ٴηڶҳ󷨵ķҪ졣
ڵϣҶѾؼ֮еƺȴʱ䣬ȴεأҶôš
ֱؼһҳҶŻһ漴еؼȻûȴҲͬСɣղʹıؼϼصĹ󡣡
ʵҶûеõҶ޵󷨵ķھҪҹӵλÿռ䣬ڸ޷İ
Ҳֱһ̣ҶѾǰ׳գҲֻ󷨵ĳѧߣǾͨ󷨵ǿߡ
Ҳһ̣Ҷг˷ܣΪպ÷ǵƾħ֮ܲ°ԾŹؼ֮е󷨣ҶţԼҲͬԲ󷨶Ըˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ漴Ҷеؼһת뿪󳱿ռ䣬ֱ˰ԾŹ֮⡣
Ȼֵĺ꣬Ѫʱǰһǵʵû°ɣһһҹ㣬һΪˡ
ҡҡͷҶǰŮӵ֣º͵˵û£ֻǱһؼһЩʱ䡣
Ҷ÷ǰóǱʵõͻͽؼԴмĿǰӣ˵ллǳڻ㡣
ǰеؼ÷ûֽؼ˵үҼȻѡ㣬ϣʵԽǿԽãⱾؼ˵ǱţⱾؼүУһչֳӦеⱾҲջء


168 
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûټ֣ؼ֮Ŀһǰˣ˵ħħɷѪĹȣȥշħڡ
Ҷ쿴νħ֮УħĴħħĴħڣĴħڽħ֮еˣֻһ˴ﵽħ֮
ҶͬţֻҪǵͷĴħھԻԹԵӵǲֻҪĴħԸ⣬˳ոħڡ
ĴպѪͬʱ˵ͷٵĳȥΪҶ˵һѶȶûС
ҪշɷȺ͵ħһѰ飬Ͼûҵħ£ħھԲա
ܹշɷȺ͵ħôνħħ˴ħֻʣ¹ںħħûշ
Ҷ죬ʱסڣ׼ôùڵˣ
ǰѪĻҶжʱһˣϾںѪĹޣѪ˼Ҫ׻ɱڵˡ
ҶȴģϾѪĹȶ˵ûʲôҪǷչԼʵܹշĴħɱǿ̫ࡣ
ҶҲû˿ֱԲȫǰŮϾƭѪҲԸʧȥĴħ
ĵ˵ͷѪϲû¶κ漴˵˵ĺܶԣֻзչԼʵܱǿʲôʱҶ֧㡣
ǰŮĻҶ֮жʱ¶һ˿м֮飬ϾСﻹû˶ΣŮ֣Ҷһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʲôҲ˵Ȼѡ㣬һһ뿪㡣
ĵ˵ͷҶ§סŮ֮һ˿ůվһĬĬĿǰһˡ
ֱڣҶѪĻѾӵʮһħħʦиħħ
ҶѪ÷ףħʦȫУհԾŹλ֮еİԷλ²á
Ҷа֮ٵİշںڵˣǵ򲻵ѣҶǲ׳ֽնɱġ
ǰĺ꣬÷Ȼ˵үҵʱ䲻ˡ
ӵĻҶ϶ʱеɻѣԴһ˿ѯʿǰӣ֪ӵĻʲô˼
ү˵ħÿһοڶħᾭһΰƽ٣ÿһνħħǰ޷ⳡƽ١
ӵĻҶжʱһ֪Ϊʲôÿһνħħ޷ͨڶˣԭǹ˰ƽ١
ƽٵʲô
÷ףѪ϶¶һ˿ãȻ÷Щε˵үҪ˵ǣ϶û֪ƽٵʲôϾƽٵ˶ˡ
Ҷжʱеһ󲻺õԤӿͷ漴˵ƽٻмή٣
졣
ٴһҶЩص˵ǵʱܽȣ֮ڣܹԸԸ˳ǶҪ㶨ǡ
˶ĵ˵ͷ˿ٵĳǰȥĴ޷ѾȥɷȺ͵ħˡ
ڰ˴ħ֮Уֻʣ˹ںڣҶ뾡㶨ħڣʱȫԿƽ١
ħһƽ֮ϣĴĮĿǰˣ˵Ȱǻʶ㣬ʱƽ˵ǻԶȥ
طϲû¶˿ħڰ˴ħ֮бǵ׵ģҪħ˵ѱڡ
νħĵħˣֻΪﵽ˶ħ֮˵ΪҲﵽħʦ֮
ĵ˵ͷطû˿ԥӦϾӵĴħħѾ˳Ǹ꣬ǵħʵֻħķ֮һֿܵ
ǰ˴Ӧ˹˳Ĵ϶¶һ˿Ц⣬ŵħ˿ٵĳԭ·ȥ
һɷȴûô˵ˣڵ֪ѪĹȵѪѾ䣬ֻʣһѪɷȵ̬ȶʱǿӲ
ɷΨһһħ½֣Щ˵ȻɷЩ궼ѪĹȣⲢʾɷȾѪĹȣǹ˳Ǹ꣬ȴʾҲҪ˳𣿡
ƺѲµǰ˻˵Ѫûһ˿ľȣɫĮĿˣ˵ǣүѾշħڣڣŲһҲ˳үҰƽټ٣ǲ룬ʱһܶƽ٣Ծڴˣ벻Ϳĸˡ


169 
˻½жʱһշħڣƾһΪֻǴﵽ֮꣬
ǿǰһӣ½ûˣĻ½вţǸѪĹȵĺʵ״ﵽôľ硣
ʵ½УһҪ飬Ǿħƽ٣Ͼħǰħ֮Уûܹסƽ١
ƾǸֻΪﵽֵ֮꣬ܵסƽ滳ǲǽˮˡ
½ֵĻ䣬Ѫˣڵ֮ٵת㿴Ѫǰ̤
жʱһȻ½֪ѪĹѾֻʣǰӵʱ򣬾׼׻ɱӣȻȥ֪֮
ǵǰ֮ʣܴϸоһǿѪжʱһû˿ĳɣ漴½Ҳˡ
˵Ϊﵽ˶֮ȻѪĹħĵλɷҪ߳࣬ǲͬȼħɷȾһ䡣
֮ʱײһռ䶼ƺΪ֮һ£ܿ죬ħֿһգ۵ʱٴβһ
ɷȵħʦȴû˿Ҫֵ˼ϾħǰħʦҲסһ֮С
ħٶȳ֣ɸӴ֮ٵײһ֮һ㣬ݺݵײڶԷ֮ϡ
û˿ħһս֮˶ɫͬ԰׵ĿŶԷ쳣
һ飬˳ǲݣ
㷢һһһ˵ޱȼᶨһǰѡߣѪĻ᲻ݡ
ǰӵķӦҲʵһ½ʵû뵽ӻΪһԼݣϾħĲݻǺܿµһ¡
½ֳ׵ĳĬˣϾԸһħݣԼҲûаնɱǰӡ
ħʦ֮һ˿ٵǰ˵ˣȼװǣȵ뿪ħ֮󣬽ħٷ١
ĵ˵ͷ½־취ãǺԥĴӦ漴˵ҲҴӦ㡣
ֱڣѪвһϾ򲻵ѣҲǰ˲ݣܹնɱ½֣Ҳ϶˺ۣʣµĻħʦȴ
ĵ˵ͷѪɷȵ˿ٵظţϾܹħÿһڵÿһħڶƽٵ顣
ԾŹ֮⣬ӶĿǰİɫͨǰ˴ħ֮һĹڡ
ĸ˾ǴʧģҪҪȥ
ǰİɫͨɫɱǰãѪĹĶŮѪȻǰû뵽ǣѪټ֮ʱȻתܡ
ѪĹǧˮݣںò׿ֻѪһˣڵôܷŹء
ǹڵĴڵ˿ٵ׷ȥʱ׷𣬰׷˰ԾŹ֮⡣
ѪĹǹڲϣںòѪһˣܹץסѪ˵ھͿԴӴѹסѪĹȡ
ĵĻʱ˵ͬûκεĳɣֱӳǰİɫͨȥһգ۵ʱʧڰɫͨ⡣
˸ոʧħĴħ˱ԭأԸһֱӴźطȥ
һ̵İԾŹ󣬰ԷλħطأҶվڰԾŹģһǿš
ԣվѪ÷ҶУշ֮ħ֮Уֻ÷Ϊء
ү׼ʲôռԸڵˣǷֿһ򾡣
ǰĺ꣬ȻЩţϾΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮ƾŰԾŹ󣬲շĸһշڵħ
ҡҡͷҶ漴˵÷ֿˣҾ棬ð󳱿ռɣʱǼҲȥ档
ɫʱһϲ÷ȻԶ󷨣Ƕؼ֮ȴһϲֻͨǴ֪һЩ
һһֱûп˵ѪȻ˵ҲҪȥ
Ҷ첢ûκεֹϾкѪĹͣôõĻᣬѪ㲻ɱˣҲúõĽѵһ١
ұշԲڵĹȴ𣿡
ҶĻʱ˸еһɻ󣬲֪ǰΪʲôᵥҪɱޣҶѷƳǵ£ȫˡ


170 뷢
ǰĻ˰Ѫڶûٶ˵ʲôϾҶ첻ȥҹ޵鷳ʱҲġ
ϾƳնɱ˹޵ĵӣҾݹ˵Ϲǹ۰ĵӣӱɱʦһɽ
Ҷһֱϣ鷳ƳǣôѾƳǵԼļңԹޱ
ԾŹڣ˿ܿռĲϱ仯϶¶һ˿ȣܿ죬ϵľȱ˲š
Ϊһ̣֪Լһʲôطܿ죬ռһ٣˷ԼһĴƽԭ֮ϡ
ѪĹȵļˣһ󷨡
ɫصĿǰһ޼ʵƽԭЩε˵Ͼڴ½֮ԶҪ˵ͬȼǵͼ߼ߣֻҪƾǿ󷨣Ҳͬնɱ߼ߡ
ĵ˵ͷ۵Ҳͬ¶һ˿أ˵ʵ벻ѪĹ˭ᶮ󷨵ˣѪ϶ᡣ
ûеȹ۵Ļ˵꣬ȻԶʱһߴߴĽѹѹһƬڰ˵֮С
˿ԶȻֺѹѹһƬʲôʱ򣬰˵϶ˣ϶дһĲš
ǲǳֻþˣ󳱣ôֵ
ݺݵһԼĿˮЩȻ˵û˿ԥڵ֮ٵת
ڰǰ󳱣ǧٵĳŰ˵ķÿһֻǴﵽ֮Ҳ൱ڳǧ
ħǰħʦںԵ֮ʱһƬʱ򣬳ǧѾ˰ǰ
κεĻᣬֱӳǰİӿǲô壬ֻҪħͷų֣ɷĩ׵ʧؼ䡣
󳱵ֱ̫ˣֱһ߼ʣʱתۼð˸еһǣǰ󳱸ɱ꣬ɱһֻֻɱֻֻ
ڰ˸еƣʱǰǧ󳱺ȻʧĵӰ󳱿ռ䣬Ҷ˳󳱿ռ䡣
ǰİˣҶֱ˵˵ħ˴ħֻʣûй˳ҲĨǣԺҡ
ƾ㣿
ǰȻֵˣվߵŮӣڵĴ϶ʱһǿɱ
ҪΪ׷ѪĸҲб˵Ȧףһ̣Ѿȷƾǵʵ޷뿪
ǰӵĻҶϲû¶κεķŭĮ˵ҲѾܹоĵǸƵڸһᣬֻҪܹ֮սʤңôұߡ
˻棿
ǰĻĴжʱһϲ֮ΨһһΪﵽħ֮еĹʵ
ĵ˵ͷҶ漴˵֮һԼʱǲ˭ҶģΪήΪһֻ֮ҪӮˣȻߡ
û⣬Ϊ͵һ֮ҿôӮǣڿʼɡ
ŹĻ䣬ֻܵĿռٴα任Ȼʮ˳һƽռ֮ڣһ̶ȵķ֣ԼΪͳΪһ֮
˻ȥֻҶм䣬໥ţ˴˫ɢӴ
Ϊֻдﵽʦ֮Լ׽٣ʱŻɾԼһ̣˵ΪֻǴﵽһ֮ûнԼ
ڵתкԼֻһλᣬϾƽռǰٿأһвС
޼Ǭ뷢
ûеȹ֣ҶֱһʱýӰǰԲηλתǰķȥ
Զ뷢жʱһκεĵڵ˲γһ֡
Ϊǰħ֮ʲô뷢ϾԷֻһһͣȴһˡ
ƽռ֮Ϊᱻѹһ֪֮Ϊʲôһ̹кȻһ˿õԤУƺоԼֵס뷢
û˵̫ʱ䣬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷͷų뷢ݺݵĻڹϣĽӰû˿飬ֱӺݺݵļϡ
ֻоԼһۣڵѪһ󷭹һѪʱ˳ڶɫ˲Ĳ԰ޱȡ


171 䱾
ǬһΪ󾳽磬Ҷոʹ뷢Ǭĵһ򽣹֮
Ҫʹ뷢ﵽ򽣹ڣΪܹﵽ֮ҲΪʲôҶҪڹƽһսԭ
ŵɫ԰׵ӣҶĮޱȵ˵ˣǲǸжԼԺҡ
ĵ˵ͷҲû˿ˮνʤΪΪܣο˼ҵйƽĶԼ
ʵΪǿĹ䣬Ҳû˿ĳɣҶǩԼֵһӵʱҶȴûټ
ڵĹޣ
ɻĿǰĺ꣬޲֪ô֪ģϾֻһССħʦڶħ֮УһҶʻããУôĲۡ
޻ĵ˵ͷҶ˵иǲǽϹ
Ļٴùиеһɻ󣬵Ȼĵ˵ͷʵʶҵǸӣ
жʱЦһҶֹʶһɱأǲ֪ǰӻôҶȴԼɱϹ߹ޡ
Ҷ֮УԽ֮˸޽ͿԣȻ֪ڻ᲻Ϲǰ⣬Ҷȴ֪⣬ΪʦҲԺòʲôطȥ
һӣҶ˹֮ȫ뿪ƽռ䣬ޱҲʧƽռ䣬ȥ󳱿ռ䡣
ǰѹѹһƬ󳱣޵ɫѱޱȲ԰ףһ˿ѪɫûУЩֻŵغΪʲôҪңҲԸ˳뿪
ǸκεĻᣬֱӽ串ǣʱ޵׵ʧ󳱿ռ֮Уһ˿Ҷûʣ¡
վڻǰҶϸûһ˿ı飬ĮĿŻ֮бɵĹޣվ˭Ҳ˵֪ǰΪʲôͻȻɱޡ
ǲǺһͻȻɱޣϾѾӦ˳ҡ
˰Ѫ˭Ҳû˵Ѫ֪ΪʲôҶɱޣǸոչ˳Ĺڼȴ֪
иӣҵƳ⣬ŪƳĻ̻̣ʦôܺõˣұ뽫ɱ
ү˵ûʦͽһطҪɹǲ֪Ϊʲô²ԣһֻ۱һֻۣ䱾ԽԽ񡣡
ΨһһħĻ˲ȫԭɣһ̣ûκһͬޣ෴ÿһ˶ΪĽԴϲ
Ҷ첢û˵ʲôֱӴ뿪˰ԾŹ֮УʱѪҲɷȵ֮⡣
û˿ĳɣҶֱħǩԼɷǩԼʱ½ȴôҲϡ
֮⣬ֻɷȺ͵ħѪ˻ûгڰԾŹ֮йۿ󷨡
½ּߴħڶҶշһԥĴӦģһֱԸҶǩԼ
½֣㵽ʲô˼˵ù˳ү
ǰӣѪɫ˵ֱڣ֪½ָͲǳĹ˳ֻҸڰˡ
Ѫ°ɣһᴦ
Ѫ˵ʲôʱҶȻ˵漴ǰɷȵˣĮ˵˼˵㲻Ը˳ң
ǰʻ֪Ϊʲô½ֻоԼĺݺݵļ¶һ£ҪֲܾõԤС
Ҳǲ˳㣬ֻҪǿǣ˵˳㲢һҪǩԼ
ǩԼǾʹ㲻Ը˳Ҳɱ㣬ڿ뿪ˡ
˵֮Ҷûٿһǰӣħʦ˵Ӧ֪ƽٴʲôߴħȫ˳ңԸԸͿǵԸˡ
Ը⡣
ҶĻ䣬ɷȵħʦԥĴӦϾνħ򣬱ŵƷܹ˭ҲԸװ
ʵħ˴ħ֮У˶֪ħ˼ֱǾһǰ˴ħڻǻɳԴԴϵħ߽ħΪľħħ
Ϊ棬ħȻһԸǵý룬һ̣˿ǲɵϣûԸԼ
ҶжʱһϲϾܹշħʦܱնɱǿٱ漴Ҷʶٽ뵽˵Ժ֮УǩԼ


172 ȫ
½ֿԼ¾аһ㣬ĸԸĳΪ˵Ŭжʱеһɻѣ֪굽׶ʲô
ǲǷˣȻһ鵱ūܴͣ߳ģӲƽ٣Ǳɵˡ
ǰһŭӣҶ𽥱漴ӱ˵ûǿ㣬ϣҲҪǿܲܶƽ뿪ǾͲĵˡ
˵Ŵ˻Ҷʱʱɢһ˿˿ɱڴһ֮Уıǲ֮ˣһĿڲһˡ
½ֻ˵ʲôǵǰ˫ɱ֮ʱ׼˵Ļֺݺݵ˻ȥ
Ͼʧȥµ½ֻʣ¹¼ҹһԷȴˣ滹ŲλħĴڡ
ʱһֱѲӹ۲˳½ֿǰȻֵʱʱɵˡ
ٵһˣ½緭ˣΪǰľȻʮħʮһħʦ
νħħһʮ½ִһ£ȥԼ֮⣬ʮֻ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵νħİ˴ħڣٷ֮ʮ˶Ѿǰĺշֱһ˼顣
ʵ½иѪ˵֮ϾһСС飬Ҫշ˴ħڵˣֱǳ˵Ρ
ʵǰ½֪һжʵģݺݵһԼĿˮ漴˵ȻҶѾ㣬Ҳ϶⣬ڿʼɡ
ʼʲô
ǰӵĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻˣ˼ԲˣҲʾ֪
жʱһ࣬½кԼϾղŵ˵㻰ŭǰĺꡣ
ĸԸ㣬ԸǩԼӴ֮ԸЧȮ֮͡
ӵĻҶʱЦƺʱЦһ㣬漴Ŀǰӣ˵ΪԼǲǺܳ㣬ҷҪҲɣڸ㣬һʹ˵㻰ˣڿԹˡ
½ֻ˵ʲôҶĶʮȴӦˣʮߵɱ˲ֱǰӡ
жʱһ½ֵɫ˲ޱȲ԰ףȻһħʮħʮһħʦҲֻаķݡ
ģү㻹ҹǲǲ߰
֮ƢΪȻŭ˵ԴҶǵľż޵ԺĴնүνǸм
ûٸͣ½ֱӳķȥͷٿһ۵ĵûУϾʵʰɱһ½ˡ
ɷȵħ뿪תǰĺ꣬˵үڶֱͶأ˴ħʮˣȻշ˶ʮˣ̫ˣҶ޻˵ˡ
޻˵ĸָո˵ڣ类ݺݵ˳ȥһĵ˵үƨԺҿ޳ܣ㡣
Ҫŭ磬תȻԼĴһţеķŭʱʧӰ٣һֺ֮ɫ˵˵磬үƨôˣֲģģһûʱء
˻ʱеһֱ̧׼棬ʱҶȻ˵ҪˣôӦ԰ƽٰɡ
ƽĸ֣ղŻֵҲһصİϾħ֮лһܹƽٵˡ
ѪѪĹλǰȥ֮ʱûнڰƽٵ飿
ҶҲû˿뷨Ͼֱһ̣֮лûһ˽ƽٵʲôֻ֪ôһ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷѪҲһ֮˵λǰħ֮󣬻Ѿˣҵһħͼ֮⣬ֻʣλǰһֱ˵ʲô֡
֣
֪ΪʲôҶܾõħ򣬲Ұȫħ߿˵֮ʲô壬һʱ޷
үȫԾŹ֮УҾͲŰƽٴܹнǻɱɡ
Ļʱõ˵ͬϾԾŹ˶ѾʶҶȴҡҡͷ
Ҷ첢û˵ֻĮĿԶ޾գʶѽ뵽ָ֮УѰžʯӵӰ
ʦʵ޷ħ֮еİƽٵʲô
ǰһƬ޵ɫӰҶ칧һΪʱţҶʦĻֱŲɣʵڽ˵飬ѯʦ˼


173 
Ҷ쿴Լʦһ֪ħ֮еİƽٵʲôϾһ̣ҶѾܹ϶Լʦһʵͨߡ
˵ħħ˴ħʥһħĵڶħû꣬һΰƽ٣ȴû˼ΪʦҲΪ
һ̾¶һ˿ʧ֮飬Ҷ챾Ϊʦ֪û뵽һܵʦ֪
ΪʦԸһ㣬ҸоŨңΪʦûνİƽٺпйء
ʦΪ
˵½֮һأΪȣǳȣҪ˵ǣڴˣҪ˱ᡣ
ʯӵĻҶжʱһȻûмʶʦеҶܹʦ֮һ˿ء
Ͼܹ˱ǾӵٶħҲ޼£ҶɫҲԽ
ħһΪĲ㣬һħÿռ䣬ڶ֪İƽ٣Ҷʵ޷ţħĵĲʲô
Ҳ÷ˣʦڣȻħ֮еƽޱȣΪʦа취ǰȫġ
ǰɫӵĻҶжʱһϲ漴ɴʵʦʲô취Զƽ٣
Ҫƽ٣ֻҪڰԾŹ֮УȻΪʦֻסǣʱӦÿԶƽ١
Ҷ첢ûлǰӵĻٵ˳䣬ǰˣ˵а취ƽ١
ǰһĮĺ꣬˰ѪڣһŵĿǰ˶ʱЦ
νħ֮У˴ħڵÿһ˶űľĽħ򣬱Ͼħǰħ򣬰ٷ֮ٵĹȥƽ١
һ̣Ȼ˸˵Զħ֮еİƽ٣Ҳ˵лԻ뿪ħˡ
ү˵ĿԶƽ𣿡
ֱڣ綼һŵӿǰĺ꣬ҲһڴĿǰĺꡣ
һ̾ȻҶȴ˷ܣǵǰЩνǿߣڴ½֮ϿԺ绽ħ֮ʱȴֻǸе
ǰڶħʵǿ󣬵ȻѲ˱ˣÿһ˶֪ħٷ֮䣬ûһ˸ҷԡ
Ҫ˵ˣѪҲͬˣô˵ѪѪĹĶŮȻҪħ
ȵƽٽٵʱȫԾŹ֮Уûҵ˭߳һ𣿡
ǰϵ֮飬˶ĵ˵ͷϾǶ֪ƽٷǱѰһñᱻɱ
ûκε飬Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵ȫУѪ÷׸ȥѰһ³ڡ
Ҷ˿ٵȥʣµǿٵĽ뵽ԾŹ֮Уʮħʦ֮зֳλħʦվ˰Էλ֮С
ûҶĲ룬Ȼ֮û˿󷨣ȴԷҶڰƽٽ֮޷ص󷨵ĻôаԾŹĵֵҲԥıƽɱ
ʱ֮˳һͨǰǰֻͨϣɫЩȻ
ͨдĸ֣֪ΪʲôҶһοǰһ̣ȴʶĸо
û뵽ϾȻħ֮УֲħҲҶ죬Ҫ취ǰϡ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻҶԺ֮У֮飬ƺܲһ㡣
жʱһ漴Ҷʵʦ˼˵ǰһħ
ħһ۲۵ϾͳȣһħħӵУֱͨ졣
жʱһҶһ𾪵Ŀǰͨϣû뵽ǰϾȻһ
ȻҶûмȴһ˿˿ظУϾǱΪﵽ֮ǿڡ
½֮ϣҶֱڻû½֮ϳֹ񣬱ϾѾǴ½֮ΪǿĴˡ
ʦҪôշħ
ǰħ˵Ҷ첻õƭ˵ģͬҶҲԼܹõϣҲ޷ʹе
Ͼ޴ޱȣȴԼ꣬ʵ޷õϿɣôΪﵽʥ֮Ҳͬӳ


174 ƽٽ
һ͵ĺ꣬˶û˵Ϊжһ̵пʲô
ǱˣΪʦҲûа취㲻ڤʣһ飬ֻҪҵ赣Ӧÿշϡ
ĵ˵ͷ漴Ҷӻȡʨ͸Լ飬Ȼ֪鵽ʲôӵеģҶȴ֪һ£ԼеԲ򵥡
ϾѪڤħ֮еѪɵʱ鳹׵ѹѪá
Ҷкڤħ֮еѪһλħʥʶȻ޷ﵽʵҲǿޱȡ
ȴǿѹסһλħʥʶҲһ˵˺ܶ⣬ҶԿ϶ԼеҲһͷ޵
ڿʼɣֻҪԼڤ֮ڣȻ֮ϣʣµͽΪʦɡ
һůʱĸмһԼʦҶڵڤٵתʱӿе顣
û˿ĳɣҶеʱһǿֱӳǰͨɫϼȥ
Ӵѹϣһޱȵʱ˰֮ڵÿһطѪһ
ΪΪﵽħ֮ʵȻ޷ֵǰͨɢ漴˿ٵתڵ֮ڸԵγһ֡
ʱҶָϵ䣬ȻһɰԵĻϢֱ˷Բÿһط
ϢͻϢţ֮ܿɢϢ㱻ϢʧӰ١
ϿȥסҪǲоͷǧҪϢɡ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵ˼֮УҶҲûٸҳɣϾܲȡǰħɰܾͿڴһˡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷ˫ֱѾӴ˽ǰϣʱ֮ϺȻһޱȵϢ
д󾪣Ҷ컹ûüӦǰϱ㳹׵ʧԭأϢҲͬʧ
ɻĿһǰտҰĳأҶ첻֪ϵȥʲôطʵʦȥʲôطˣ
֮ڡ
ʲôϽ뵽ҵ֮ڣ
д󾪣ҶʶʱٵĽ뵽Լڣܿڵ֮зϵӰǲôϣϾͺһһ
ʵûа취ˣҶʶ˵֮ڣ뵽ָϵ֮ڣ󼱲ɴʵʦΪʲôϻҵڣ
Ͻ뵽ڣΪʦҲ֪Ǻ»ǻ£ΪʦղҲѾԹ޷ϴֻһ취ǾΪܹﵽ֮пܴڳϡ
ʦĻҶжʱһ̾Ͼ֮ǺôﵽģǿǴ½Ĵˡ
Ҷк֮УŵΪߣҲֻǴﵽֱ֮֮Ҳû˵˭֮
ǰӹһҶʶٵ˳䣬ǰˣҶ첢ûнʲô
ϾԼ޷˵߱ˣҲûжʣ˿ٵļǰķȥ
û߳·̣Ҷ𺳵ķ֣ħռ֮УеϢٵţܿʧӰ١
ү°ƽҪˡ
׵Ļ䣬ħռȻһޱȵֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ħռ֮ڶ
жʱ󾪣ΪҶкȻֵӴһʦ˵ȵ
û˿ĳɣ漴˿ٵĳŰԾŹȥǺܿҶ㷢֣ռ֮ڵֻҪһߣԶֿ
жʱеɻѣһ̸Щֵܹסȴǵֵסˡ
Ȼ˵ΪѾﵽħ֮ǶӴޱȵû˿İ취ɫԽԽ԰׵ˣҶиӵĽ
ϾֻһССһͣȻҶ֪ΪʲôһߣͻзֿҶȴû˿İ취ˡ
ºܼɵڵϣϿڤסˣʱڣʱʥ٣ҲȲ˵ˡ
Ҷް취ʩʱ򣬾ʯӵʱĳԺ֮Уһ̣һ侲ľʯӶǽ֡


175 һ
û˿ĳɣҶڵڤٵתڤԵˡ
ҲûκεĳɣȫٳŰԾŹķȥħռ֮еȴԽŨ
ȫ·£ʱ֮ڻص˰ԾŹ֮ڣֱһ̣вһ
صԾŹ֮ڣҶûиκεĳɣڵٵתһ
ʱԾŹʮߵǿʱ𣬶ʯҲûгɣֱһɰԵĻ֮ԾŹ
ֱһ̣ħռ֮е޾Ҳ벻֮ڣгһ
үĶƽˣû뵽νİƽԭ޾ֱ̫ˡ
ǰĻ棬ϳ֮ɫóȥֻ֪Ҫ˳˰ԾŹôᱻߵ޾˲ɡ
Ϊ½֮Ϊǿ֮һ˵ǳԴ½֮ڣ˶벻ףħ֮Ϊʲô
Ļ䣬㱻ݺݵһţЩǵ˵ΪƽֻҲµûĻİƽٻûн١
ĵ˵ͷҶ֮ͬɫ˵˵һ㶼ûдİƽٻûн٣ǲҪĵ̫硣
ҶкҪħ֮еİƽֻ޾Ļôħǰһ˿ӹֱһΣħħǰûһ˿Ի뿪ħ
Լƨɣû˵ʲôϾͷʱ̣ȷеֹ̫ˡ
ʱǰĻϣȻһĻֲĻ棬Ϊħռ֮УȻɫ㡣
֪Ϊʲôɫֵһ̣жʱоһ˿ϢУҶҲָо
Ǻܿ˵ı㳹׵ķϾ߲ܳʲô޷ƿţ뵽ԾŹ֮С
֪ƽٻ೤ʱ䣿
ʱһֱûп˵ѪȻɫԴǵʵϾνħ֮УѰħħ
Ҫǰƽٳʮϰ꣬ôǱҪڰԾŹ֮ڼʮ꣬ʱ˵ѱʱˡ
Ѫĵ飬ҲһҶ룬ϾǲܴһӣһҪ취뿪ħħĵ㡣
ʵҶѾԼڵǼħϣȻҶڵʵ޷ϣҶȴղԼܹ֮ȫƾϡ
ҶĵǣȻӵϣߵȴ֪ԲӺȻֵɫ㡣
һ޷ֵɫ룬ôȴĽֻһǳ׵ıɫɡ
Ϊ˽Ҷʶٴν뵽ָϵڣʦû˿ֱӿʵʦοƵƽ١
ǰҶԲʣϾʦôͨûмƽٵ£Ҳͷ
ȴһˣߵİƽڽУȻͨԾŹټʦ֣ǿֵס˰ƽٵɡ
Ҷ֪ԼһԲܳħ򣬱Ͼ߻кöȴȥ
ʯҲһ˿֮ɫ˵ղΪʦѾ۲ħ֮еİƽȫɣǴ½ȵ
ʦѵʲôطһ𣿡
ʦĻʱҶиеɻѣʵ벻ףΪʲôħ֮еȵһ
֪Ϊ˳Ū½֮еܣħһȣǲһʱˣиǰǿħڣȫ䣬ħȵˣ߸ɻɱ˵
жʱ󾪣Ҷû뵽ߵȻܹɱ𣬶ʮŵһ
½֮еҲȵȣֱ֮𣬸ղıͨڳֵľǳȵ
һ̣Ҷװƽٵ֮ˣԭƽָĲǸղһֵ̳ģȵ
ҶԸܵǿ֮Ͼܹ˲ɱֻҪ;ÿֲ쳣ҶɫҲԽ


176 
ʵҶһֱ벻һ⣬ȵΪʲôħ֮УұǴ˵пֲڵİƽ١
ʦʲô취ƽ
û˿ĳɣҶֱֱԲʵϾϣԼħ೤ʱ䣬ҴǰӿУҶܹЩʲô
Ҫƽ׵֮Ƶ
ǰʦĻҶжʱϲΪ߾֮壬е׾ҲѾѣ׾
ӵеı׵֮ƺѲµǰʲôʯ˵Ȼ׵֮Ϊʵ̫ܹͣﵽ֮򲻿Ƶ
϶ʱ¶һ˿ʧ֮飬һ̣ҶһǿĿ֮飬õʵҰġ
ΪʦղѾ۲ħϽǣͨħڴֻҪϵ˫ԴЩ뿪
϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲ漴һҶԥ˳ȥϾѾ֪뿪ħİ취ҶֱһҲٴȥ
ǰˣҶҲû˿ֱӿ˵׼һ£ھ뿪ħ
ǰĻдϲϾ˭Ҳ֪ƽٵҪã˭Ҳһ
пٵ뿪ԾŹ󣬶ҶڵڤٵתҲУ˲ˡ
Ҷ˿ٵĳħϽǷȥʦ˵ͨħڴ
ػ˺ܿĸеһɽ֮Уǰţ˰Ҷڣޱȵء
Ϊǰţߵİɫдһţһɫϣȴдһ֡
Ҷ죬⵽ʲô˼
ǰţѪһصĿԵĺ꣬ϾŻţ˭Ҳȷŵһڴ
һߴţôȴǵıֻһʱ֮ǰȻС֡
ۿȥҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲΪдţͨƽ٣ͨ뿪ħ򣬶Ҫħ㣬š
ܹ뿪ħ򣬵Ҷȴһ̲֪ôˣϾνħҪѰħħ
ħûҵҶʵЩģϾҵħ񣬱лõöħʥ֮ģʱֻҪõУôԴﵽħʥ֮
ô˵ħʥǴ½֮ΪǿĴڣܹõдﵽħʥ֮ҶкӽԺǴ½֮Ĵڡ
һ̲һˣϾħ㣬ʱɲˣԲԼȴԲѪ
ڴҲѾţ뿪ħǼħ㣬Լɡ
ҶûԼԾǰȨǰˣȻ˶ūҶȴԴǡ
үҿǼħ㣬ƾʵټǣһԵõħ񣬵ʱ˵ȹõħġ
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Ļ˶ĵ˵ͷʾͬѪҲͬĵ˵ͷϾܹȥ˭Ҳħˡ
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ҶУʵһУЩʱͷԱʵӵҪȻǰ˶Ϊﵽħ֮ǿߣļƣԼշ
뿪ħ򲻽㣬ҶʵЩᣬϾܹħĲ㣬ϣõöħʥġ
Ҷ쿴ǰŮӵʱȴݺݵ̾Ϣһ漴˵ȻͰ˵뿪ȵպлٻ
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Ҷջѡ뿪ħ򣬱Ͼ˰ѪڣʾҪ뿪˼Ҷ㲻˼ԼҲҪ˼˵Ѫ
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԰˴ħڵûħ֮⣬ҲҶϣģϾڽħѾշð˴ħڵ֪˲Ź֡
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һħž֮ϵ粢ûҲһϲá
ϾԴӵһħǿ߽ħ֮󣬴ûһ˿ԻŴħѪĹһħдţǳ֮ʱҲѾˡ
һҲ˵˺ܶ⣬Ե˶ΪԼ޷ħʱ򣬺Ȼһ·ǰôܲ˷ܡ
ʱǰȻһźѪɫ۵ߣѪĹȳϣѪѪ죬һΪﵽһ۵ǿߡ
ȻֵߣҶвû˿ľȣɫĮĿǰߣѪɫȴЩȻ
ô˵ѪǰѪĹȵĵӣһѪĹȳ⣬Ϊıǰߣһȴߵĺꡣ
Ѫɫȴ쳣ƽûпǰһۣƺѪ첻һ㡣
û뵽ǾȻܹųǰħ֮⣬˵ӵˡ
ѪĻֱ˼㣬˰ҶڣȴûһΪѪϾħħصĲࡣ
֪Ѫʲô˼
Ȼ˵Į֮飬ҶЩ˵ʱ˰ѪڣûзҶ÷ʹɫ
֮УҪͷԾ׵һҪ˵󷨵֪Ҷ֮⣬Ҫ÷ˣ˿񣬶ʱѾе˼
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ʱҶڵת漴˵ħ󡣡
һ˲ǰ߼ȥѪôһССͷ
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ҶʱȻ⣬ЩĮ˵Ҵûмʶһħ۵ʵ״ﵽôľ磬ԡ
ǰĻѪʱЦƺЦ飬һСС;ȻҪһħ۵ʵһЦ
ԿԣҪȻشһ⣬ҵĶΪʲôûг
ȻѪû˿ȴȹϵϣϾνħ֮бǾһ飬ҪִѪȥ˵ʲôҲܴӦ
ʵѪѾĴ㣬ǵ˴ħڵ˳֮Ѫжʱϲ֡
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Ҷ쵱ȻԼնɱѪȻԾŹʮħأҶͬѪ첻ܰôͬԼҲܰô
ҶкϾǰһǿۣԼһмħصĻ˵Խնɱ
ǰĻѪôţϾԼʲôʵһͶˣһħôܳ
ǲǱ㺦ˣ
ǣа취ħ֮УܲҵѪǾҪ컯Ҳ컯ˡ
ȻҡҡͷҶа˵ʲôҲܳϣѪ֪ʹԼնɱĶӣպԼް֮ա
Ѫȴһϲ󼱲ɴʵ˵ģа취ҽħ֮ڣ
ħ˶֪ҪħΪħ֮£Ҳħǿ߽ħҰģʱѪԼȻܹħ򣬵ʱ򲻽Ծȶӣϣõħ񣬼ֱһõ顣


178 
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵ǿħ֮Уȴһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ħʥҲħ򡣡
Ҳβסϲ֮ɫѪЩɴĿǰĺ꣬һ̣Ժ֮иһ˿նɱԸûС
û˿ĳɣҶٵߵո߳ħ֮ŵλãڵٵתܿļǰĴɽ֮ϡ
ܿ죬ɽȻһɫţҶ쿴Ѫ˵ԽȥˣҪ㣬ħ֮еİƽٻû꣬Ҫˡ
䣬Ʈ첽ʱչҶ˲ʧԭأһգ۵ʱص˰ԾŹ֮ڡ
ȻҶ֪һ̵Ѫ첻ɱԼĸƤһһһʱѪħʱʹɱ֣Ҷ쵽ʱôĶ֪
һħţҶٵ뿪ԭأص˰ԾŹ֮У֮ҶԴħţȫΪ󷨵˽⡣
ΪʱҶħŵʱ򣬾Ȼħһ󷨣ҶŶһᣬȫŪŵİز뿪
Ͼ뿪ħ򲢲ԶҶУպһħ򣬱Ͼöħڱصõġ
뿪ѪħûȥܣΪһֻʣǰİɫţϾܹħıħ֮µߡ
û˿ĳɣѪܿʧħ֮ڣ漴ħʧٴλָ˴ɽģ
ѪոʧҶٴγԭأѾħħۣѪЩŵ˵İƭħˣ
ҡҡͷҶЩε˵Ұƭħ򣬶ѪҰ̫Ҫõħİˣϣܹƽ١
ǰĻ˶ЦˣΪǶƽٵĿֲ֮Ҫ˵ħۣħҪڰƽ֮ȫУһѵ顣
Ҷ죬ھȥɽϾʦҡ
ʱѪȻɫ¶һ˿˵˵ΪʱɽҶΪѾﵽ֮ɷ۾
ǲ֪Ϊʲôɷ۾һѪΪͽϾԼ֮ɽϡ
ʵѪȥѪкһԵϾһΪﵽ֮ʦ˵òΪͿԴﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ŮӵĻҶҲ¶һ˿ᣬǺܿɫָϾѪһԵɱҡ֮С
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ߵŮǰҶЩ˵һƳǵ㣬һСġ
ǿסеĲᣬѪţǰһ£ķȥܿ㳹׵ʧ˵С
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Ҷ˿ٵĳƳǵķȥߵ·Ҷȴ˳۹ķȥ
Ϊߵ·ʱ򣬵һҾƵԷʱ򣬺Ȼ·˵һϢϢҶֱӸĵֱӳ۹ٸȥ
ΪϢ۹ҪһףαףȻΪ۹Ϊġ
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Ҷк۹Ȼٿⳡףٷ֮ײ˼ΪԼĸ顣
һ·֮ϣҶһֱ۹飬ԭεıԶ죬Ҿھʮٿ
Ҷһ£ǾʮҲǣΪеı׾ͻھС
Ұһɭ֮УһŹһҲ˵ĺ꣬ʮ֮Уʮħʮһħʦ˭Ҳûи˵
Ͼʶ굽ڣ˻û˭ʶ˹߹ȥֻҪ߾룬Դϸܵһ˿ɱϵ֮ɫԽŨ


179 ɨǧ
ԣЩǵʵү⼸㵽ôˣ
̾ϢһҶ쿴ǰ޾֣Щε˵۹ıףҵӡ
ȻֻǶ̶̵ļ֣漴ױûʲôϾԼӱףκ˶ܲ˵ġ
ʮһ죬Ҷ˸ϵ۹׶ٽ۶֮ǰҶþ֮ıò
۹׶ĴϣҶһжʮڽԵøۣǶʮʱʱɢһ˿˿ıϢöʮ˳Ϣ
ȴû˸е˿Ĳ죬Ϊ۹ΪԼŮҲ۹ٰ׵ӡ
۹ǰ½½ˣʲôˣһЩٹˣи۹ǳү
λٹ˽۹һźܶӣ۹˾ռߡ
۹ҶÿȥѰұʲôطΪ˳ͬһȥɵҲܿ
û˿ĳɣҶ˿ٵĳͬһȥǵ˵Ŀĵصʱ򣬱ȴûпʼ
ڵȴűףҶвû˿Ĳ죬һԺУΪԽ࣬˵Խˡ
ܿ죬㳡֮һʿųìٵķֿȺʱ۴˳
һգ۵ʱ䣬ۺߵ̨ʯǰˣҶȴоȲѡ
Ϊ۱һΪﵽڵǿߣ˾ȻҲΪﵽ֮ǿߣֱһ̣Ҷʶ۹ǿ֮
붫Ҳ۵󣬵ҶûȥܶһֱŶӡ
ҶµĲӱǶһʦǧŵĳϣͬһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
л۹ǻΪٰıףܼ򵥣һվ̨ϣֻҪȹֵıʤߣϻ˵ʼ
Ļ䣬֮бȻһ죬ֻһʴӰ̨֮ϡ
ۿȥҶ췢ֺȻȥһʮ꣬Ȼĳ໹㲻һ⺷ķԼ
Ҷ췢֣Ȼα뺷ΪȴǲѾﵽǰ֮еһ൱ˡ
иߴɽ۹ǣϣָţԻ顣
ˣߴɽɫЩߣȴޱȺغĺĻһ䣬ʱ̨ɽ
ӵĻʱ˵ĺøУҶҲ⣬ЩĿ̨֮ϵӣҶշ
ʱһСӰ˲һգ۵ʱ̨֮ϣȻȥͬһȥֻжʮӡ
ӵȴֻһңСߴɽĿͷȽϣֱصĶԱȣӵΪҲͬﵽǰ֮
ǷϺָ̡
䣬ϺƹˣΪﵽ֮Կɽʯõȴһͼ򵥡
˶Ϊߴɽͷʴ󣬾ΪѾﵽ֮ʵҲ̫ǽȴɵˡ
ֻߴɽһɨǧϺߵķһ㣬ֱӱ̨
һվϺһĿ̨֮ϵĴЩε˵ʵǿɽˮǺڡ
˵֮ϺƹֱתٵȥӸߴɽһ֣ҶѾ֪Ϻˣû뵽ǣ̨֮ϵӾȻûºֻ֣ǰϺ̨ѡ
ղղŽʤһڻ˭ָ̡

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֮޵еĴڣû뵽ĵ۹Ҳôһλſ
һ˵ĶԻҶⲻ˶࿴˼̨ϵ꣬Ͼһ۹ǺܿҶȴ֣˿еıӢүΪȻﵽ̴ԲȴҩǿйﵽģҪ˵ڶڴﵽʲô֮¾һ޷ʵˡ


180 ϵ
ٴ𺳵ǣߴɽһкɨǧһͬﵽ̾ıӢ̨
ƺһԼ޹ϵ飬漴ߴɽȡһձ˵Կٶų֮̂µһɽ
ˮһ㳩ͨ裬ߴɽƾԼһи˫ĺɨǧֱӻʮ֡
Ϊûдﵽ֮ǰһǾ޴ģһ֮Ӧʮˣ˵ߴɽӦĴˡ
ǸߴɽԼİ취ÿսʤһ˵ʱóԼԤ׼Ĵձϼڣö֮ʮȶȻ
ʮ˱̨ʱ̨֮ҲûˣϾΪﵽ֮˲Ǻֻܶ࣬Ҫûдﵽ֮ٷ֮ٲǸߴɽĶ֡
֮УҪһѵģһʱ֮֮оȻûһ̨䣬ȥʤı̨֮ϵķߴɽһкɨǧսʤʮˡ
ļձߴɽ±ߵ˹ڣû˸ղŵɬֻʣһ򶨣˵ûûеĻǰˡ
㳡˿ڣʱȴûһ˵ֻ۾ȤĿ̨֮ϵķӡ
ȻߴɽеԲڣʵȴǵõ˵ϿɣϾ۹ڣʵʹһС
һ༫ΪӢȴһʵˣôԲ𣬲Ҫ˵۹ѰռҵĹŮԸ޸㡣
Ҷ֪ʵ˻ų̂ɲôһףһ߶û
ǺܿҶʧķ֣۹Ϊٰıףȷûһ
ʵҶ컹ǲ̫˽ߣΪﵽ֮ô֮ῴĺܵŮ鳤֮°ٷӾʮǿ߻ῴĺܵɫ֮ͽۡ
һ̾Ҷ컹࿴һϷģȴû˳ڱȣҶк˵ʲôҲ̨֮ϵӵõʤ
һˣҶ׼ùսʱ̨֮ϺȻһ໹Ӣһ³г겻ʡ
̨֮ϺȻֵİӣҶʱһ䣬ΪӲǱˣǱһŷϵĶһ
ҶԼ뿪۹֮󣬶һʲôΪϾΪ۹Ĵ󽫾ƹŰٷ֮ʮı
۶Ҫ֣ҶʵڲģԲһŲ˶һ壬ʵû뵽ǣ屻Ȼ̨
ʲôԭֻҪһ̨Ǿ˵һ⣬һ̣Ҷжʱһǿɱ
ǰԻԴΪأûдﵽʵ֮ǰҶһᶯһڲһˡ
ħ֮շʮħʮһħʦʵҶžǧСɣҲ¸ϲԼ
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Ѫ۹ĵλȻȲۣҲ޼һҳߣǱ۹Ϊѻ
Ļ˻֣ʱ˵ź˲žǰķӣһЩ˵Ӧ֪ʵҵһУԼȥأǵʱɱ̧ȥأ
һϳһ㱬һǿѹУϾںǰһվһǰֻҪԸ⣬ʱӡ
˸ûз֣Ⱥ֮УʮħǿڣΪҶѷԸȫԼϢԾۺ͸ûз֡
֪ⳡ׾ȻʮħһħʦĻ֪лô롣
ȻΪﵽ֮Ǳϴǲô˵һҲͬʱԸʮħۻࡣ
ΪҶ㵽۹۵ǿڣԲŸʦڵĴǰ۹ףʱʲô䶯Ҷ˶Բߡ
ݺݵһԼĿˮߴɽҲһŵĿǰȻֵİӣΪﵽܹ֮оǰӵǿ֮
ܹһ̸еļµߣֻһܣΪѾﵽ֮Ըߴɽ붼û룬ֱӳ̨֮ȥ
ϾǰƨǣȻߴɽȥɵͷɵԣȴ쳣ҪȻҲﵽ֮ˡ


181 ǵ
뿪̨ķӣһĵ˵ͷĿ̨֮µȺϵıϢԸ̨ˡ
ûĻôⳡ׾Ӯˡ
һ
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ǰİӣӴӶһͷųıϢֻ֮һ˿֮ɫ
һСС̣ȻҴԲѣھˣԶ˵
ǰĳ꣬һ϶ʱһǿɱǱ䵽˼㡣
Ȼ̨֮ϵҶ죬Ҷǲ̨ģ˼ֻҪɳһˣԺɨ̨ˡ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣһȻ֣űԼһİӣһ̣ҶĶɱ
ʯӽҶվʯӵĻ˵Ϊܹﵽ֮ڴˣҲܿʵΪ
Ҷ̨һûпΪ̨λǿڣҲͬûп
󶫷һˣûڤ񽣣һǿһҲʹڶһУǰ꣬ҪԼ
ʹԼǿһУʱûлˣҪûѹ㡣
ǰĻһв֪ΪʲôȻһֲõԤӿͷݺݵѹסڷ漴һˡ
ȻһȻǰĳ꣬ȴղǰˣ˫ַ裬ʱǧֻþʹ˳
ǰҶ˵ɵ֣ϾνǧֻþҪ
ȴһˣΪﵽһ֮Ҷһͷųǧֻþֻݡ
ǧֹӰһʹɵ֣ڣҶһ䣬ڵٵת
ʱҶֱǧֻþ֣Ҷȴûмƿǧֻþϸϸоǧֻþ
ô˵ǧֻþǧŵĶžѧȻǧֻһɶ㲻ϵСɣҶкܹһΪѧһпȡ֮
ǵضӰҶֱѡӣʶ׽뵽ǧֻþ֮УʼרС
ʵҶ̫С˶һһʹǧֻþô˵ʲôҲͷųԼʶ̽⡣
ϾһãᱻɣʱǴ޽ɶܾȵԼǶһȴֻһ顣
ΪԼʶȶԷʶǿҶѡͷԼʶϾܸǧֻþĹɡ
űһӰ˵ĳ̨֮꣬µȺǴ۵Сۿ̨֮ϵİӡ
Ȼ˶֪һߵǿ֮ȴûмʶһ̣˲ļʶߵжôǿ
ħʮħʮһħʦÿһ϶¶һ˿֪Լ˲ʲôһ
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Ҷһζǰ¶֮ɫʱױѾ֪Լ룬Щʱһ˵˲ſ
ܹƽһЩȰãô˵Ҳ࿴ɹǸд׼ģ׶ץסᡣ
ϳɻĿǰȻֵӣ֪һӵ˵ʲôǸߴɽȴûһڷ
ΪɵϣԼ͸ǰʵһ̣ߴɽбѾǰӵΪԼ֮ϣпһǿߡ
뵽ߴɽжʱһʵһߣ
ĵ˵ͷ׸û˿ϾкȵȾԼ¶ʵҲᱩ¶ϾҶ̨۹ʱ췭ظ
ȻѲµǰпһߣǵ׿ڳϵʱ򣬸ߴɽлǺݺݵһԼĿˮ
ĿһǰӣߴɽЩȻʵһλ
ƺ֪ǰӻԼ⣬׵̨֮˼ѾԲˡ
ߴɽû˵ʲôֻһգգĶ̨֮ϡ


182 ɱ
ߴɽɵӣȻ̨֪֮ϺȻȥĳһǿߣȴЩ岻ˡ
ϾʱˣҪ˵ԼŶԷ¶Էܲ߳۹һ⡣
Ҹߴɽ֣һ̵̨֮ϣԳ괦·磬ϾӰ֣˭Ҳܿóˡ
һߵӣײûǿöԷ˳ԼϾڵʽһжǳԼķ
ǧֻþ֮УͨʶĲϴĦҶǧֻþ֮еİûٳɣڵת
һʱ쳹㳡ľ֮ϣʱһӴ˲ֱʱ򣬶һǧֻþҲҶ쳹Ƶ
Ƕһд󾪣̨Ҳһ𺳵Ŀǰˣ֪Ϊʲôֵһ̣бҲ޷ƽ
ηͽ
ҲһΪֱһ̣ڷĲ֮Ҳһ̣ڿ˳ʵʵ
Ȼһһͣû뵽ģƽʱ۰ӣҪȻҲ᳤סڶˡ
жʱЦһ֮¶һ˿ģԼסѾ̫ˣӶһ̨һҶ㲻öһٻϡ
һҶѾŹ˶һһʵû뵽ǣһֱԲģȻҴע⡣
һ̲Ҫ˵һڣ٣ҶͬҪɱǰİӣֻܳ׽¡
ڵٵתҶĿǰİӣ˵Լѡ·ֲñˣɡ
һԵ˲ֱӼ˶һϣûüҽһһԶʧؼ䡣
ԼĵӣȻԼƤӵ±ɱһĪɱʱһ̣Ҫնɱǰĳꡣ
ҶûȥԼڣֻĶŶŮӣ󱻸ıòҶʱָ˱Ŀ
ָòһ̣һֱƽλϵȻɫ䣬ȻվӿŶ̨
ʵһֱõԤУʵڲţԼ˻Ȼ̨֮ϡ
Ͼεıףȫĸʣ۹Ļʵһٰ죬Ѿã˭ʤѸ£ֻһ˵ġ
Ҷ죬Ҫ
վ̨֮һĺ꣬ԵĸһΪﵽ֮ǿѲӰ
ƽʱϲˣһɱǲŹҶģȻжҶʵΣڳֵȴһǿڡ
һ̣һƬˮһ˿ĿŶĺ꣬Ѿɱ׼
һԵĶҲվΪԼĶӺܿҪˣʱ۹һҶ
öʵû뵽ǣıӲ֪ðһֻ꣬˲㱻նɱ
ԼԣǧŵĳϣԼӵʦһΪﵽ֮ǿ߶ûüȣĶӱѾ䡣
ĿŶĺ꣬޲Լ˹ȥǧУȴûз֣һֱû˵ۣһ֮ȴ¶һ˿⡣
˳ҲãŭҲգ̨֮ϺȻ˶ʮˣʮħ˲֣ʮԵ֮˲
ʣµʮһħʦȫҶߣĿܵˣֻҪһ춯ʮһħʦԥ֡
ʮħ˲ײһȻΪѾﵽħ֮ڳֵȴʮħ
һǿڣͬʮħռһ˿ˣĿ죬Ҳͬ˵Ŀ죬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬»صԭλá
һ̣Լӱɱһ£Ϊڻһȫ
ʮǿǰкʮʲôҪ˵ǧţЩɣҲһӵʮǿڡ
û϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲˣһֱۣӳŶ̨ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ݺݵ˵˺ĻУˮҲܿԼĸʱб׵ʱȴκεķԣϾڻ֮УЩעġ


183 ȫ
һ̣뵽Ϊֻ·ܳ׽һ飬û뵽ǣÿһҹԼе꣬Ȼ̨֮ϡ
Ȼ֪ǰǴʲôطôǿߣȻڶܱˣһѾ֪ʲô
ϾԼİܹؼʱ̸еѾ֪㣬ʲô
Ҵߺ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷһѾû˿ԥԼĸ׵ĲѾȫκã۹ѾûԼĶ
ԴӸʱб׵һ̣ѶʧȥģһΪʧȥŮĸףҪ
ҶҪЩȴ϶⣬˵۹Ļʵۣ۹Ѫ
һҪԼŮˣһնɱԼӵĳˣۻѪһ̶վ
Ҳ˭㶼۹
ĿŶ̨֮ϵˣһ̣λ߳սѪѲ̨֮վĶʲôˡ
ĶӱĪɱҪ˵ԷֻһȺһȺڣһλѪҲԥĳ֡
Ŷ㳡Ⱥʱɢ򾫱ٵΧ̨ܣʱ̨һֻӬܷɳȥ
ȺȻɢˣ˲û뿪ֻǶԶ͵͵ĹţϾЩ˵еֻڴ˵һӳôࡣ
۶ǰһûκε޳ɻ߷ԣֻȤĿŶ̨֮ϣԼŮ͵˻ʺꡣ
ۻǸеޱȾȵǣǰȥʵ꣬ΪʲôһӾۼô۹
ϾѲĵ۹Ҷ޵еӣҶͷƣڻĵ۹ǳķ
һǰ֪ʲôԭҶ֮϶ùھ۷Ϊ󽫾Ƴʹ͸
Ҳʵ벻ףΪʲôܹڶ̶̵һ֮УշɽկھȻۼʮǰ¡
Уȴûһ˿ĵǣϾڵ۹֮УԼһӵڣԷʮҲĽȫɱ
ɿеŮӣҶĿŶĶĮ˵˼Զ۹ڣ
ʻʱöڸеһ˿죬ջĵ˵ͷ˵ȻɱҵĶӣôҾȫᡣ
ƾ㣿
ûеȶѻ˵꣬Ҷ֮ɫ˵Ϊһ̣Ҷû˿ĵǣ֪۹ӵǿء
ûʮħôҶûսʤڣһȴͬΪʮħĴڣԾŹޱȡ
ȻʱİԾŹ޷סۣҪסڣҽȫɱҶ컹Ǹĵġ
жʱһһ̣侲Ϊ˵ûƾʲôֻӵżʮ򾫱
ԷȴӵʮǿߣΪǰӵڶҲͽͣǶȴһУǾԵĸ
ʵһǧŵĳϣֻҪԸ⣬ôǧŶվԼһߣʱҲѷɡ
ֻۣ֪ǲҲң
ŶһĮĺ꣬ᶨԼ֪ΪʲôкȻоԼݺݵĳһ¡
һʵڣԷʵȴֻһССһͣôһССһͣȴϴһ˿𺳡
Ҳ˵ǣҲ˵ǣ˵Ȼ׵ģôӦðҵĹذ죬ȴûУһɱҵİ¡

ûе۰ѻ˵꣬Ҷ쵭ĮʱһŶʱըһƽޱȵĵطʱҵıըһ㡣
һ˰ȫˣΪԴ۵ǻûһ˸˵
۹ѪҲˣȻѪȫ۹ٷ֮ʮıǶȴûи˵
һ̣Ҷ۰ѻ˵ĻᣬֱӴϣΪԴһĵߡ
˶û뵽ǣ۹λۣȻ궥ײʱϲûκεķŭ
˶еһ˿˼飬΢ЦʵȻ˵ôޣһʲôط


184 ͷڹ
ۿڷʣȻк޵ջǿȻŵ۹ٷ֮ʮıǶкԼĵλ޷ﵽ࿹ĵز
˭ҴС⣬ô³ֻһǽĶӻǵ۹ĹҶԥĻɱ
ҶĻԲ۹ĴôҲԥĳֽնɱ
۲û֮еĴ¶һ˿Ц˵Ȼ
ڡ
һ̣˶Ϊλۻ׽ûɱ˶һ֣Ҷ컹ǶжôΪġ
˶û뵽ǣ˵Ҷ֮κεĶԹڵ۶ﶯ֣ѹﴦ
˵֮۱㳯Żʹȥܿıʧ˵УһֱҲٵ뿪ˡ
жʱЦһ۵ΪôùҶ죬ϾԼһӵʮħҪĴ۹ָʲôء
Ҷ쿴ĶЩĮ˵ȻѾˣҾ۹֮㣬ϣ㲻Ҫͷڹһﲻȥ
˵֮ҶԼ˿ٵ뿪̨뿪۹Ҷȴûߣ۹ĳǳȴš
Ҷкϣ븶׷ΪԳ׵նݳʡĵʱһ鷳
ǺܿҶʧķ֣ûΪﵽ֮ĸû׷ʵоеСȡ
ʵҶУΪ׷ϾԼɱ˶ĵӣһȺǰɱġ
ǶȻû׷ʵЩϣҶҲûмȴȥ˳Ƴǵķȥ
֮ڸϵƳǳǽ֮£ҶҵֻŵǣƳǾȻһ˿ûС
Ҳ˵ڰǰһճǣиһ˶ûУжʱ󾪣漴ҶȲĳųпٱȥ
ҶҲпΪ˰ڣѾµʲôȴûһԸȥš
һգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ƴ֮ڣǿſյĳǳأҶѾ˹ȵס
׷ʲô飿
һХ֮гһǿɱƳǿ˵ĵڶңЩʱҶƳǿĸһЩ
Ż᲻ĽƳǣÿһҶ춼ޱȵƳǵİΣȻƳߵ򣬵ȴԶԶ
ǵҶʶ۹ʵ͸ӵĶʵĿŻ᲻иոħǿߡ
һ̣Ƴǻǳˣǳ֮УȻһ˶ûУ׷ʲôŪ
Ҷ죬ȱ𼱣˵鲢
ߣѪһǵĿţǳ֮ɫϾǰľѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
ǺܿҶƺʲôֱӴ˿ٵĳųȥܿ˱˵սڡ
ǰȻֵľ޴¹ΪѾﵽħ֮ڶǿߣҲһ겻ѵı顣
սһɲǣҶеǹɵǲǷ뿪ƳǣƳһʲôûֵܹ
Ե뿪Ƴǵʱ򣬱¹Ƴֽ£˽ս
ҶһղƳǣбҵԼľȷģҪȻһԼƳǿѲڡ
һսҶ㿴ڴ֮еȺڴ֮ϵϷӥҽãֵܼܼˡ
Ҷ쿴ǣҲҶ죬ӥڣٵǰ϶˾ϲ֮顣
ˣȥǿ¶ҪƳˡ
һӥ㼱ɴ˵ʱ⵽ӥİۣӥ˵ܲܲţǶսҾͲƮ칬ҵǡ
ǰ˵ĻҶжʱеɻѣ֪ʲôʱһƮ칬ҶӰ֮УƮ칬ûʲôޡ
ˣȽȥ˵
ʱһֱûп˵ĽӥȻ˵֮ڣû˿ҶϷλá
Ķʮˣ⣬ʮħֱӳλλ£ҲҲվǰ档


185 ޱ
Ҷһ۸ڶӣҪ˵һƢ𱩵ĺӥӥжЩˬǰλӲסġ
ȻӥܹȫҶӶǺӥȴЩô˵ǶߣƳǼֱǿĴڡ
Ҷ첻ڣƳǻ϶ڵãһȺ֪ʲôˣȻǰס
ҶȫԼϢֻҪΪﵽħ֮޷˵Ϊ
ŭɫЩŭ˵ʲôȻ£֪֪ү⣬Ҵʵǿˡ
ʵǽӥǺӥԼǰ˴һֲǶ˵ͷԲ벻ȻүˣүϵУͿ϶ʵǿ
ǰӥȴһصĿǰˣ֪ΪʲôǾǰļ˲򵥣ǰӥ֡
磬ʲô
ǰȻһŭܣӥмֱҪˣҶԴλϣûȥǣһֱںֹ˵ʲô
ʵҶѿӥ֮£ȴûֹϾȻʮ˱շҶкħϻеġ
ҲȻԼЩħħʦһЩȴ˺Լļˡ
ʵǿ治֪˵⻰ʱҲҵһССһͣҲ˵ԼʵǿǴӣ֪
ǰӣЩ˵ȻҶǰؾأǲҪˣҶˣÿһħǿߡ
һǱħ˴ħѡħѡÿһ˱ʵǿ⣬Ϊÿһ˵
һ˻һƢĺӥʱŭ漴ڵٵתһԵ㳯缤ȥ
úӥе˼ǣǰӸԭһûжֶûͷų¿
ô˵һ飬ͷų˿ĵֿͶ޷ֵס
ʱϣϸû¶һ˿ɰԵǴһ㡣
ʵҲŪǲ֪ߵغʵ˵˰ɣĶʮ֮УΪ͵Ҳﵽ˶ħʦ֮ڻ˵ʵǿ𣿡
ǰӵĻǺӥһ׼ֵĽӥҲʱɫ󾪣ӥɫ𺳵Ŀλĺꡣ
ҶûˣĲ˵ɫԽԽ䣬ϺȻһǿɱʱ
˼˵ҵļȫڻĵ۹ڣ
ǰһĺ꣬ɫǵĵ˵ͷЩǵ˵㲻ҪģҸѾʹˣƮ칬ȥҶҵʱҶһӡҶңȴֻܷӡʱ䡣
˼֮ҾȲˣôǶԶ뿪
ٴε˵ͷҶһϾô˵Լļ˵ڻûκεΣգϾʱ䡣
ԭҶ޵дʮ۹ǳصʱʮگһԶսҶ󽫾
ǵҶ޵дӻصеʱ򣬵ȴǵȴƮ칬ΧƮ칬Խ٣һĴ󻤷
Ʈ칬Ϊ½֮ϵһţ½֮һңţƮ칬ײˮΪѾﵽ֮
Ʈ칬Ĵ󻤷ΪҲﵽ֮ҶڵΪȻﵽ֮ǵҲ˺صơ
ʣµҶҼҶ޵УȻҲһڣƮ칬Ĵ󻤷Ҷ޵Ҳû˿İ취
Ϊ˱ȫҶңҶʹһΪռͼ漴ҶȫӡƮ칬Ҳûκεİ취ƿӡ
ǰ۾ԲȥҶ죬ƳѽȣΪնݳۻƮ칬֡
Ʈ칬Ĺȴûٳ֣Ĵ󻤷ҲûƮ칬ֻʦƳǼҲ򲻹ˣӲҪ˵ۻɳʮ򾫱
Ϣ֪˭͸¶ƳǣƮ칬ʦʮƳ֮ǰӥƳǵоŵط
ӥҲҪƳǵ뿪ģʱȥվ˳Ƴ֮»и¹ˡ
ӥҲûٳɣֱӴ˽빬Ŷһε֮֡


186 д
ݺݵѹסԼеĵǣҶкȻӵʮħȻ޷Ʈ칬࿹⡣
ϾƮ칬һǿۣĴ󻤷Ǵﵽ֮ʵԺɨƳǡ
Ŀǰˣһ̣ӥҲ˵ʲôˣΪ˶ûԼϢħֱӥࡣ
ҷųȥ˵ƳǳҶѾصƳǡ
Ʈ칬ƳǣвһˣֻܰʦسڼҲ˼أǼƳȻûˣҲû
ĵ˵㣬˲ûΪʲôӥٵ뿪սȥɢƳǳסҶѾصƳǵϢ
ʵһѾ뵽ҪôϾҶصƳǵʧĵ۹ʱ֪Ҳж춯
ȻҶѾɳ˺ܶ࣬۵УвԵǸҶ޵Ѿסǰ֮ΪҶҶү̫⡣
Ʈ칬һνƳֻʦξƮ칬ٳ֣ţƮ칬ɳĴ󻤷ӲҪ˵ˡ
үܹĵ۹һشҪƮ칬оȳ˻ЩѣҪı취
ʱ׺Ȼ˵ĵ˵ͷҶʵҹ뵽ˣǰĺѯʵ
һѰҵΪۣʵǿƮ칬ڶү֮˵ʵԳƮ칬
΢΢һ̾ΪҶкҲֻ취ǲ취֮еһޱȵĿѡ
ϾҪҵһǿۣԼΪﵽ֮Ҷиû˿İա
үɷ˵һдȣ
жʱеһɻȻԼʵڲϵţǶڴ½֮ϵһЩ֪ʲô֮顣
ǵʮдȵʱ϶¶һ˿Ȼ׼˵Ϊ½֮ףÿ궼һдȣֻҪõһһ¡
ӵĻҶжʱһϲ󼱲ɴʵεдȻж೤ʱ䣿
һµʱ䣬ÿһдȣ䲻ʮ꣬ȻдȸĴܺãÿһдȵǰŵĵӡ
ʵ˵ҶҲͬѲµܹõһôһţҲ
Ҷ֪ͬҪԼļˣôһºдμӣҶ㲻ٳɣ˵Ȼһ֮ұȥμдȡ
үȻѾѡ˲μӣôұ˵һ¹дȵ顣
ĵ˵ͷҶף÷ٵ뿪˴һ֮С
ѹдȵȫ˵
ү֮ÿһдȣʵλŵʵ
˻ô˵
ҶжʱеɻѾǴ½֮ΪǿţŶ˵κεвΪʲôŻ
ȻǴ½֮ϵһţ˭ҲסŲᳬԽҪԽţôһǲܵˣֻҪܵŵһʱ򡭡
׵Ļû˵꣬˼ԲҶлǸеɻѣʵȻΪʲôȻҪھӢμдȣ
̰ģΪÿһŶϣдȵĵһʱͿŰһ£Żǰ
Ҷжʱһˣԭ˵׶һ̰֣ôһεдȵһڱصá
үÿһдȣţһħţҴ˵дǰеѡ뵽һпռ֮ڣÿһһ£ֱŽľˮл£˭ܹõл»࣬ô˭ͻߡ
жʱ̾ϢһҶ첻òŵ֮⣬Ҫõл£ͱնɱˣϵõл¡
õлԽ࣬˵ɱԽܹ࣬߳пռм
дôΣգҶ죬ȥҪȻ취ɣ
ʱһǵĿǰĺʵͬ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǰЦЦҶ˵ûµģ󷨣ֻҪΪﵽ֮ҶҪӦףɢ޿Բμд𣿡


187 
үÿһедȣŵĵӻɢޣֻҪ䲻ʮģȫԲμӡ
ĵ˵ͷֱһ̣Ҷдȵ飬˵׾Ϊų켺ٰġ
÷ȴһ֮ɫܹùҶ죬ǰӣҶʵʲô˵ɡ
ү֪ΪʲôÿһдȣʤǰΪʲôŵ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲҶɻ飬ϾҪ˵ʵǿҲÿһһʵô
ϾӵһдȿʼűûлʤǰҲŵĵӣʵЩ˼
ү֮дÿһζŵĵӵӮʤΪÿһνпռˣ߶һֻǿ𡣡
жʱһҶһֻǿʲôϾǾżޣǵõһžż޵ԼΪͻ֮ﵽ;磬ĴҲͻơ
˵ֻǿ룬ֱŽľˮ룬ÿһŽпռĵӣÿһ֮ĵӣ߶һֻǿޡ
ѵд֮УЯǿ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҲһ֮ɫ˵Ϊǿ֮һҲǿһ㣬Ŷµء
΢΢һֱ̾һ̣Ҷŵжôǿһӳֻǿľżޡ
޿κεǣŵĵӾȻֻޣҶһҲ֪ΪʲôŵʵȻд֮һ춼Ӯˡ
ǺܿҶɫᶨǰ˵εд־ڱصãȵ˻ˣʱ̡
˵ʲô˶ûп˵ϾԼļڵϦҲͬˡ
ȥʣ˭ûгʮģʱΪȴﵽħ֮ˣһ¡
ͬʱ˵ͷϾҶ󷨻Ҫħܷӳ׺÷ٵ뿪֮С
һ̵֮УֻʣҶλˣ£ǰλˣҶб̾Ϣһ
ΪշڶħħʦԼƳǵʵĸǿ󣬵ȴû뵽Ե޹Ʈ칬
ʵҶ֪Ҷһᱻʣʵû뵽ǣۻ֮졣
һƮ칬ΪѾﵽ֮ڶǶ֣󲻵òʹռͼӡҶҡ
ɷһȥϾҵΪҲѾͻʦ֮
ǰһĺ꣬ԣЩڴ˵
Ҳȥһ뵽ԼΪ϶ʱ¶һ˿ԱУϾһڴ½֮ϼֱǲֵһᡣ
ҶôܴӦº͵˵ǰȥΣأҲϣκε£ϾҵļѾ£ǡ
ҶĻȻû˵꣬еĵ֮ɫıϣƺѲµû¶һ˿ȡ
˵ȥҲУӦһ¡
ĵ˵ͷҶһǰ˷ҪȥʱΣֻ»
Żǣ㲻֮գѳ֮ʱ
ͬһᶨĵ˵ͷ˵ĻҶжʱһů˹§סˣ˵Ƿİɣ󷨻µġ
ʵҶһֱи̣ǱǲԼָ֮֮ڵʦȻ޷֪ʦʵҶиҿ϶ԼʦΪԲһ
ƺʲôҶܿԼ֮ȡһöǴӺ֮еõĺ
˿ǰкȻֵ˶жһΪڴ½֮ϴ壬ˡ
Ҷ죬𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶ¶һ˿Цݣ϶ʱһ󣬱еѪҲǾʯӽġ
ԼеǰŮУҶ˵СѾӵ˻ûޣҲİΣö֮еõϿǩѪҲµûöֻҪʱһֻ

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188 ƶ
û˿ԥܾǰݹȻҲõöϾڴ½֮ǿĴ֮һ
кҶȥμдȣһΣأҪܹһʱȡʤĻҲЩ
͸ģǲջصģ㲻ԸҪǾ͸˰ɡ
ǰĻֱҪˣһöļֱֵҪ޼֮ݣȴ˵˼򵥡
㣬㲻£ҶȥμдȣʱҲᵣ㣬һ
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һαѪٵ뵽е֮Уʱ֮кȻڹǣʱһɰԵ֡
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ҶĻɫһϲһԵҲһǴûп
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СԼСԴʹĶֻС۾תͣ˵ʲô
Ȼ֪С˳֮һ򵥣ҶиеһΪֳСȻֱӴﵽ֮
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ʱ֮֮ĸˣֱѪ磬ǰĴħҶжʱһϲ
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˿ٵ뿪ңǰССңжʱЦһϵɱҲκεΡ
ĵ۹ۣƮ칬һΪԼµ޴Ϊ۵ģ֮ͻ
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Ҳĵ۹Թ˧Ʈ칬棬һҪƳǡ
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涫һƳǵĲ˸ǧŵһΪﵽ֮ĳϡ
۸ûͬⶫǰƳǣֻǶ˽ԵʮϾɱ֮ܲ


189 龧ʯ
վڳǽ֮ϿŵʮҶû¶˿ı飬Ҹһ
ǧѪڳǽ֮ϣÿһѪˣħΪɱ˾һ
֮УʵҶΪɵĻĴڣȻһ̵Ƴ֮ӵʮħǶ˵û˿Ӯʤ㡣
֮ǰҶԸ˳ȥѰһΪ龧ʯıʯϾǮʹĥ˺ǵıأ˵Ŭֻһʱ䣬ҵ龧ʯ
ҶҲûκεĳɣհԾŹʮ߸λţȴͬΪҶ֪ƾħʵµİԾŹ󣬸޷ڻɱ
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ҶкƳǲһͰԾŹ󣬵ûʮħأܷͬӳ󷨵
Ҷеһʧǣһ̵Ƴǲ˰ԾŹ󣬶һӵʮħҶţֻҪĴڽƳǣô޻ء
Ҷ죬ԼݵϿٳӭӡ
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ҶûȥĶ֮еۣ˵ֻ֪ΪʲôҪҶҲɡ
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֮еѪͬϳɱĿųǽ֮ϵ꣬Ļ˻֣ʮƳȥ
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Ҷôܸ˴ĻᣬһѪ֮󣬽ŵڶֵѪѾˡ
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190 ëȻ
ֻһ˲뵽ƳǣǺܿ˱㷢˲֮ΪһƳǣ˱ойĸо
ǳڵϣ˵ʲôҲ֣һ뵽Ƴ֮ڣ˱㳯Ųͬķȥ
ʱ˺ȻԼڵĿռȻ任ܿ죬㷢Լһ֮С
ž֮ϵİͷΪѾﵽ֮ĸҲʱ¶һ˿ȣϾ൱ڰ
Ǹκε˼֮֮ϵİͷĳ·һգ۵ʱѾߡ
û˿ĳɣڵԪ֮ٵתΪﵽ֮ڵĻںϣһ飬飬ǻںϣγԪ顣
ʹԪ֮Ԫ֮˲ڸγԪ֣ô޷ͻ֡
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ڵʵȻޱȣȻΪֻǴﵽһ֮ͷǸ֡
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Ϊõ鱨֮УƳֻӵʮΪﵽ֮ߣȴ˻󷨵ߡ
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ʵû뵽ǣһССƳȻӵǿߣһܹסǿߡ
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ʵƳֻʮħҶΪǰԾŹΪҪƾСʵ䵱һħذԾŹ
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ʣµҲ׼ƳǵģǶۺͶֹϾѾƳǣ
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ʱԶһƬѹѹȺۿȥҶȻھ֮зۣʮϡ
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191 ׶༪
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ĵ˵ͷǰӵĻشҶһϾʮ浣Ƴ޷ȫ
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ҶȴڶԶ˵ʲôɫԽԽȻ΢Ĳ
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ܿ죬۴ʮ㳹׵ʧ˵֮Уһֻ̣ʣһǧŵǿߡ
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ܿ죬۱ʣµһںͱٵ뿪Ƴǣһգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧƳǵ֮С
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ڼҲֵʲôôˣҿȻȥʲô˼
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ǶȴôҲģϾһӣ˳𲻱Ļһᰲġ
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Ͼ֮ǰƳΪߵֻƳ֮ǿߴڣһնɱһڡ
ߣȴ˲Źֻʣ¶֮ʱҶѾ뿪ƳǣȻ޷ɱӣȴЩȴҪ
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192 
ϲһȴԼڹоͺܲˬ븶һ򲻺ͣθɱи˻ء
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жʱеɻѣѯʵĿǰӣ˵Ϊʲô˵ѲΪһΪвɣ
ĵ˵㣬漴Щε˵ɱǧŵκһˣһ㶼ΪҪҪΪУǶһҪ˵㣬ʥڴˣҲԥѡ֮ΪС
еɻɻô˵һֻһССĵӣѵܺһΪﵽ֮ĳᲢۡ
һֲõԤжʱҶУΪһŵȻΪһССĵӶ棬ʲôɸ˵ܡ
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жʱһȻҶѾ뵽ֿܣϾܹһŮ飬ԼĶӱԼɷ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣԼնɱľȻһӣҶȴû˿ĺڣһΣôô
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ĵ˵ͷ˵ɱ˶һһǧŽ˲ݵĳޣģƳġ
Ϊʲô
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193 ˲ɱ
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Ǻܿ츶㷢˲֮Ϊǰ󳱿ռܿ任һգ۵ʱ»ص֮ڡ
ž֮ϵİͷһ̵ĸֻеԼıݺݵûһ£Ϊ֣һ̳ھ֮ϵİͷʯǰͷڡ
ͷڿ൱ڰڵǿڣȻͷڵΪǸոմﵽ֮ǸкһԼİΣѾܵв
κεĻᣬ֮ϵİͷںȻ䳯·д󾪣һ̸Ȼ֣ԼѾղһ㡣
Ͼ߸ʧĲϻɱ󳱣˰ͷڣǿʵҪ˵һոմﵽһڵˣǴﵽڵҲܵ͵ס
û˿ĳɣڵ֮ٵתһ̸ֱ˳̵ľһɹɵ֮ĹųԼڶڡ
һжͽȻģ۾԰Ҷһ𣬱Ѿע˺ܶ飬ԾŹһǿأ󷨵˲ǿ
ֻһ˲䣬㱻ͷɱ˲䱻ֽ⣬һ˿û£˫۲ŵĿǰİͷڣֱһ̣֪Ϊʲô󷨻Ȼǿ


194 ͳһ
һǿھ˲ɱһɱֻһΪﵽһ͵꣬ҪǴȥ½϶¡
Ͼ֮Ĳֱ̫ˣܱȽϣڻռ֮Уͬû˿ǧųϣһͬΪﵽ֮ǿڣҲ˲䱻ɱ
֮еǿһΪ緭ˣһ˼ĿԵĺꡣ
ʲôʵˣһһͣ׼仹϶ڣҪڣǼֱһᡣ
ȴһˣÿһΪﵽ֮ˣ֮Ȼ˵ӣһ֮ڣԿǿĴˡ
ǧţҲֻڰˣû뵽ǣһССͣȻһ̻ɱڣʵ˸еЩ˼顣
ڱɱҶ뿪֮УϾûĳ֣ԾŹ㲻
ٴν۶ǰ̬Ѿ˷츲صı仯ͬʱҲеһңҿû񶫷Ƴǡ
û뵽ȻһǿǿߣȻܹɱڣǰ̫͹ˡ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ҶжʱЦһҪԼնɱڣǰӸῴԼ
ڿԼһߣһܹƾ󷨵ǿնɱڣһӶ̬ȱ任˺ܶࡣ
ڿʼƳ뻪ĵ۹ǲݵ״̬һҪʱҪ뿪Ƴǣԡ
İɣһص۹֮󣬱ʮǿľǰפƳʮ֮ĵطŻĵ۹ӽˮˣһ׹Ƴǡ
ûеҶ˵꣬ۺȻ˵жʱһϲҶȵľһ䣬ȻƳһ¹㲻뿴ġ
Լ뿪Ƴ֮ôƳָת£ʱһĵ۹ɣȻҶ첢սᱻ֣ǲһһ
۵ĳŵҶжʱ̤ʵ˲٣˵ĵ۹ϮҲʲô
ȻҾͻȥ׼ˣ֮һҪ˵
ĵ˵ͷҶ԰ۣʮͳƳǣô˵ôҶҲͬġ
ʮƺƵ뿪ƳǣҶʱһ䣬Щ˵һ죬һͳһ
ԺĻڶħû˿ı飬ϾΪﵽħ֮֮Ѳϡ
ֵܼȴɫϲǰһΪˣϾҪͳһֱЩǳ˵Ρ
ǰ˵Ҫͳһֵܼиû˿ĻɣΪǶġ
ǰˣҶЩĮ˵ұ뿪Ƴǣȥμһ֮дȣһˣʣµ˰ҺúõػƳǡ
˶ĵ˵ͷʮħֻǴƳǻʣʮħҶţʮħػ뿪ƳҲʲôӡ
үЩҲӦ˵ǲ˵ֲУϾһʱʲôӣ޷㽻
϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻ󣬲֪ǰ˵ʲô˵ү뿪Ƴ֮Ⱥףʱ򡭡
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼ԲˣжʱһҶȻȻʡ
ǰôػƳǣû뵽Ƴ֮ڳԼûһλָӣǰֵܼܣֵܼӥ
ڲһˣƳǳԼߵħʣʮħϾʮһħʦ
Ҷ֪ȻЩħħʦѾ̫֮飬һƳǵʱʲô飬ʱǸֵܼܣӥЩħħʦ
ϾӥֵܼĻʱҶ컹ָӲЩħħʦϾʵǾһС
룬Ҷ컹ǾƳǵĴȨһˣǱշħҲĴ֮һס
뿪Ƴ֮ƳǳѪһ飬ȫףʲô£׵Ϊǿʲô
˶ҡҡͷʾûκε飬˱ٵ뿪ˣҶֻˣࡣ
֮ҶѪ󽻸࣬ΪԴԼѪԺʱ䶼ڹƳǽףΪҶ׵ǻۡ


195 ˮ
ǰˣҶɫЩ͵˵֮ƳǵһȫˣôҶƳǵһǿ
˸û˿ԥĵ˵ͷ˵үǻɱǧƮ칬ڣ⣬һƳǣʱ򡭡
ǧûл֮ǰƮ칬ֻҪϵǿƳǣǲӲӲȫս֮ڡ
ˣүβμдȣСģʵڲУŵ˶Ըš
Ҷʵ뵽ֻ˵ӵȷĿԣˣҶҵ
һ࣬ڶ賿ոҶĴħ뿪Ƴǣһգ۵ʱʧԶľͷ
֮˳ɽǰһУҶû˿İϾɽ˷˱仯
ս񽣣һѪԼħ֮УϾշʮħʮһħʦ
ϾɽҶʵ޷µĵطӹŶ֮ԽɽΪǹɺ
үҪɽҵһֻޣǽǧ֮ڡ
ǰĺ꣬ƽʱ֣һ֣ص˵Ͼкдȵζʲô
˵дħΣеһƴôǡˣҴĳϽдҪħӵա
ĵ˵ͷʵҶкõһֻǿҲ޲ϾŵĵӴпռĿǿ
Ҷȴ֪νɽȴ־ڱУϾǹɺûҵ
˿ٵĳɽȥܿ죬˱ͣ˽ŲΪǷǰҲ˵Ӱ
ˣҶʱһ䣬ΪȻֵ˲Ǳˣǵ͵Լϴ裬ȴ׷ɱڵˡ
ǰҲֻܵķݣϾ֮ӵҲﵽʦ֮
ȴһˣԼΪѾﵽ֮ԻĴħҶû˿ľ¡
ҶǰˣǵɽѰ޵ˣȥôʱ䣬˻޷ҵʵޡ
Ͼʵµ˿ϣʵǿִ򲻹ü¹ȥˣȴȴȻû˿İ취
үг𣿡
Զˣһ۱ϳڵĵӣٿɫٷ֮Լ롣
ҶҲû˿ϾǰӦūȻûʵȴˣҶѾ˵ĸ
ǰ˵еֻǷŭ͵ϴҲˣȻϵ׷ɱҲʵ˵ȥˡ
ʱ˷ŭޱȣ˵űҪȥɱˣħ֮ˮݣȻѾҶ죬ȴȻħѪҺ
Ļ˻֣Ҷ첢ûֹˣȻɱڵˣϾǴ½֮һ
ҶкڿɲǧţƮ칬һԼնɱˣʱһڵıôٷ֮û˿ƳǱᱻ˲
ѪĹȶħʥĴڣҶɲΪ֮һڣûʥڣʱҪ˵ʥֻҪһ𣬿ƳǱ˲䱻
Ĵħʱڵ˿ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ǰҶҲû˿⣬漴˵û뵽ôͼˡ
ǰȻֵʱڵ϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣǿ֮ʱϵľȸǿ
Ϊ˵ͯսֵ֪ܲŮӺϸȴһĴʵԽնɱ
ǰû뵽ôͼˣǸû뵽ΪȻﵽ֮š
ǰĺ꣬оޱȣ²Ϊ̴ﵽ֮ٶȣֱ˼顣
ڻǴأȴû뵽͵˱ϴ裬Ȼ׷ɱ˼ңҪ֮
һĵĿǰˣĻֱŮӵ쵽˼㣬ȻһǿǶ飬Ȼһ
ʲôȻ˵Ȼ֪ڵˣûаڷС
˵֮ͯˣΪﵽ֮ܿԼ׽ٽԼʱԳɾʦ֮


196 Ʊ
ͯûпǰ˵ʵҪ֪ǰ˶ĻҲóȻˡ
͵ʵħмֱһЦϸֹʱѾʱһ䣬һԵ֮˲
ɫʱޱȲ԰ףס˽ŲϳһɲţϾܹסԼһУһԼѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
л顣
ķԼĶӣϸѱޱȻ֪ǰ˶Ȼ̫͹˼˵ʵ
һ̣ϸȴûиĵģϾӲûлɱĶӣѾ˵˲Լ˲
û˵ֻĿǰˣҪ˵ǰʲôڣҪҶţ˵ѳֻɱˡ
ڵĻ꣬ǰǲԣҿԳŵǣպ󲻹ʲô飬ҶҪһæô
ǰԳŮ˵ĻʱҶд󶯣ϾһĳŵжôҪк
룬Ҷ컹ĵ˵ͷϾѾ̫࣬һڣԲ
һ䣬֮ǰҼΪʲôڻ
Ҷǲʵģһ뵽ǹɺԼ㲻֪Ϊʲô˳ϣǰǹɺйϵ
ǺܿҶʧˣΪҲû˿ɽĿģԭԴΪﵽ֮󣬱һֱѰԼޡ
ʵΪĲߣһ߶ѡǩѪϾһһҲֻܺһֻǩ
ϾһߵʵǺܸߣһֻµǩѪôʵߣҪȴˡ
ߵʵߵʱѡһֻͬʵܸߵǩѪô߻ޣպһ;϶кô
ʵǿʵܹǩѪĻô߱޵ʵٵš
һµҪǿǩѪֱһ̫ܵ飬Ǵɵĵӻ߻пܣΪƾڵǿ߰æǿǩ
ҶиеǣǰŮӲΪǿССͱѾﵽ֮ҿӻڵλ͡
ƺеɻ˵ȻڲȱǿޣһҪҵһֻԼޡ
õһֻʲôޣ
ʻ磬ϾΪҲѾﵽ̬֮ȶʱ࣬ûղǰ㡣
Ʊ
˵ֵʱ򣬳Ҷ֮⣬Ĵħɫˣͬʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǰС˵ү˵ɽ֮һֻƱۣȴû˼ΪٶȾһ㡣
Ʊۣ
ҶҲһΪƱһֻǿ޵ۣһһֻٶޣҶʱɻĿǰŮӡ
ҪõʲôޣҲû˵һܹõҪ˵ǵʵڴˣͬòƱ
аԵͷϾƱ۵ٶȼֱ̫ˣȻʵǿȴٶҲ죬һٶȼƱȡ
Ʊ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷɫЩ˵֮ǰҿƱǾĸƱ
жʱ󾪣Ҷʵû뵽ǰŮӾȻΪ׷Ʊ۶ܿʧķ֣ԼһƱҲô
ϾƱһֻ˼ޣ֮ΪߵȴֻǴﵽ֮֮޷ȡ
ֻҪİԾŹסƱˣʱҪסƱ۶˵ҲҪܵĻҪշƱۡ
ʱ򣬾ʯӵȻԺ֮УжʱһϲҶһʱ֮ȻԼİԾŹˡ
ǺܿҶʧˣΪֻħ㲼°ԾŹҲסһֱ˼ޡ
Ҫ˵סһ˼ޣҪסһ߼޶Щ̫ܣһǿڰæ
ҶкҪðԾŹסƱۣǰԾŹһ۵أпסƱۡ
һʲôطȥѰһۣʵһ취Ǿһǿֱ֣ץסƱۣǾٶ϶޷ʤƱۡ
ʱֻҪܹҵƱۣΪʦʱһλֻҪܹƱԾŹڣôΪʦ㽫ס


197 ױ
жʱһϲʯ˵ǵͷǲֵģҶû뵽ǣΪһֻ˼ޣʦȻϳ֡
Ҳ˵⣬һ˵˼ƱۺҪ˵ʦΪѾﵽ֮
ϾҪסһֻ൱۵ǿڣǰԾŹ֮һǿأʦôģѾ˵˺ܶණ
û˿ԥȻ˾ʯӵĳŵҶȫշƱۣʦ˿أȻ޷֪Ʊ۵ʲôҪǹƾǿʵױȵٶȣѾĶˡ
ȻǾͲˣסղ˵֮Ų֮ͻ֡
ĵ˵ͷɫĮ˵İɣȻҴӦ㲻ʳԣôպ㽫ڵѡ
ʱЦҶĴħٵ뿪ˣһգ۵ʱʧ˵֮С
ĸף굽ʲôˣµʱ䣬Ϊﵽ޿֮¾Ȼʵ̫˼ˡ
Ѿʧүͯɫ΢Щÿ˵ղȻûҪͯڵѪֹ
ϸҲһصĿʧˣЩᶨ˵ǰһȷôҿ϶ĸǣŵĵӣҵλܲһ㡣
̣ͯŵǼǲǶ˵ŵĵӣֻҪǵλ͵ĶʵǿģǴˡ
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼ԲˣȻΪܿ죬ǲô˵һСС͡
ŵĵӣֻҪǺĵӣΪǿһ̣Щʡ
ҡҡͷϸ˵ȻŵĺĵʵǿǴܹڶ̶̵ļ֮ΪһĴ㲻ŵĺĵӣµλҲ̫͡
ԴӵʱҶʹʯӽžѧƮ첽ϸᶨƵΪŵĵӣڿʵ֮죬棬жϸӵļᶨơ
û˵飬ʵ̣ͯǽô죿Ҫ׷Ʊ𣿡
˵⻰ʱ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫϾ׵֮Ʊһֻ˫Եޡ
мֱԿ϶ƱǩѪĻԶʱΪƾƱٶȣ㵽ʱҲʲô
ܲҵʵޣǶҪڶʮ֮صţΪдȾҪʼˣսﲩڲμӡ
̣ͯҲμдȡ
֣ôܲμдȣҴӦҲӦġ
ûе˵꣬ϸһڻؾŮϾкдȵΣԣǼֱǾһ
֪ǵңȻдΣպܴ󣬵ǲɷϣԵһ˵ҿпռ֮еõʲô
ǰϸĻ겢û٣ɫӵļᶨɣ漴ϸ˵ס㻹Իȥ˵ɣ뿪
϶ʱ¶һ˿࣬˿ٵ뿪ԭأ˶ûз֣Զһݴ֮Уڿǡ
үղΪʲôɱĸ
һĿԵĺ꣬ҪǸղ갵ʹһɫ˵ѳֽնɱ
һεĿŲԶոȥˣҶ˵ΪҲɱ𣿵ȴڣ²գƳǱʬ޴档
Ļжʱһô˵ڶǴ½֮ϵĳţƳȻħػô볬ȡ
ֱڣ绹ħʱԴ飬ħΪħĴţλڿ˵ֻ߲¡
үǽô죿
һᣬԶ֮Ǳ㿪ʼȫѰƱ۵ټ
Ļ¶һ˿ȻħҲͬˣϾƱ۵ʵٶȣܱġ
ƺǰеɻҶ˵ôǶҪҵƱۣΪа취ס
ʲôүǲˣȻסƱۣǿһֻ˼ޣٶȿޱȡ
һŵĿǰĺ꣬ͼֱŵһֿŵĵزֱֻһ̣ŷĿֱһּ¡
¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫҶᶨĵ˵ͷ˵ȵȲ°ԾŹȻҵƱ۵ʱǿٵĽУʱа취շ


198 ҩ
һԾŹ֣϶ʱ¶һ˿ĮȻ󷨵ǿ֮Ƕ˵סƱۡ
ǲô˵лЩţϾƱ۱Ͼһֻǿİ˼ޣٶױȣƾԾŹҪסƱҲһ׵顣
˻ǿٵ뿪ԭأϾǰĺ˺Ӱ죬ǰԾŹǲô˵ǱסӶշġ
ĴħֱĸټȥҶҲûţһƧ֣ʮ߿ŲΪ˰ԾŹ
ûħطλ޷ԾŹ󣬸˵ʲôסһֻ˼ˣһһֻǿޡ
ûͣУҶҲһȥʱתۼ֮ʱȻûҵƱ۵ټ
үƱǲѾ뿪ˣ
ǰĺ꣬һص˵Ͼ˵ΪѾﵽħ֮Ȼ޷ѰҵƱ۵һ˿˿
ҶҲǸеһУϾƱһֻǿİ˼ޣֻһССͣ޷ҵƱ۵Ϣ
ôǶҪҵƱ۵䣬ܹշνпռʤĻҲЩ
ү˵Ƕ֪ƾǵʵ޷ҵƱ۵䡣
ǰһصˣжʱеһУʵĲҶԽĸоԼʵ㡣
ԼΪﵽ֮ĻôԼһˣðԾŹҲסһֻ˼ޡ
ʱԶķʱһ󾪺Ĺ˰ԵϢֱ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲΪǷ֣ĹǿϢڵˡ
û˿ĳɣ˿ٵĳǿϢķȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱һƬïܵɭ֮С
ʱ򣬿һֱȫƵıӣֻ޸ĶǰˣǸոǷֿˡ
жʱһȻҶкһֻ˼жôǿǱϾ൱һ۵Ĵڣֻܹǿʵ
ΪҶùȥӲԶƱͷųϢѾܹܵǿʵ
ҶеȵǣȻƱһ쳣䣬ÿƱۿʱ֮¶ĸһֺ档
磬ʶ꣬Ʊ֮С
Ȼ֪Ժ˼粢ûжʲôҶ㿴Զһ˫Լ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲûٿˣĴħٵĳŰԾŹķȥ֪ΪʲôҶָоǱǾƱۺǸȤһ
˿ٵУԤõģҶ֮⣬Ĵħ˲վԼķλӴ֮ӿڡ
ʱ䣬ڵ˱Ѿ֮⣬˿ǰȻֵĺʱ϶˾֮ɫ
ȶԸƱۣĸϿʣµ齻ҡ
ǰĻ˸ûжƱĿһİ˼ޣһҧٵĳǰİɫȥһգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧˡ
Ҫǲ͸ϿҲţǵı㡣
жʱһ̾ҶҲڵˣֱתҲûڣڵԥһʱ䣬Ǿðһա
Ҷ챾ΪֻҪôߵİ˼ƱҲͬģû뵽ǣƱֻĿǰİţǰһ
ǰĻ棬ҶɫԽԽأԵŮʵǲʲô
ʱеһɻ󣬲֪һǰΪʲôʣҡҡͷʾûС
ղƱۿʱ֮¶һ˿棬˵ʱȴޱȱ䣬ҲµûϿ϶ʲôƱۡ
ǰĻüͷҲţһյʱ䣬껹û뵽Ǿôһ˲䣬ƺ뵽ʲôԼпٵȡһɫĹӡ
ʲô
֪ΪʲôǰŮóɫӵʱҶбѾ֪֮Ʊ۶ôȤΪɫӡ
Ҳûκε漴˵ʮ꿪һλʮһιÿһγȴֻţҲûãǶ׵Ե˵ֱҩ


199 ʮ
д󾪣ÿʮ꿪һλÿʮܳ죬Ҳ˵ҪҪʮֻ꣬š
ֲڳ֮ΪҾ˼Ʊ۶Ϊ֮ģҶȴǸеһΡ
֪ޱȣƱ󣬷޷סƱۣӲҪ˵ʲôշˡ
ǰҵΪͻʦ֮ﵽһ֮Ϊ˽ң֮һң˵ǵΪﵽԲʱֻҪͻƿﵽ֮
ǰŮӵĻҶûие˿ľȣϾҪʮܽͨ쳹صĹЧš
֪ԼȲôã֪ŵĵӣҲûбҪ㣬һ֮ҽμдȣ׼ԼΪ
ǰŮ׼Ϊǲμһ֮дȣҶ춼е֣ΨһеǣԼʲôʱŵĵˡ
ǲǸˣҲŵĵӡ
ʲô˵㲢ŵĵӣôܣ
ǰһڷϣ껹Ϊ겻ԸԼݣʵ벻ͨŵĵڴ½֮һ㶼Ǹ߸ϣΪʲôǰȴϡ
ĲʲôŵĵӣʽһԼҽҶ죬ǻˣƳǳ˵ţҲ˵ġ
ǰϵı飬겢˵ѵӣʵΪʲôŵľѧƮ첽أ
жʱһҶʵû뵽ʦ̸ԼƮ첽ȻŵľѧֲŮԼΪŵĵӡ
Ҷ첢ûаƮ첽ʦڸǰŮӣ˵Ʈ첽һλǰڸҵģҲ֪ŵľѧ
֪Ʈ첽λǰʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷҶԼԼʦ׽ʲôأԴɽھ˾ʯӣʯӲûаԼָ
ûв´ĻƮ첽ǰһŵĺԱҪȻӵƮ첽ľѧ
Ȼλǰû˵ӦԼ˵ԭƱ󣬲֪вУ
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ҪǰŮһʮħͷôԥĽΪУҶк겢ħͷһˣô
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ĵ˵ͷƱ㿪ʼĳǰֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾֻҶʮ֮Զĵط
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ĮĿǰһУҶ֮У֮ϵİͷҲٽʱӴǺԥѹµޡ
Ѿˣڱ볼ңԸ⣿
ЩĮƺһ̣Ҷûаǰ޵һֻǿޱȵİ˼ƺǰİ˼һֻСè޼
ĵĿǰĺ꣬ƱУǰֻһССͣ൱һֻļޡ
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201 
ĮĿŽǰİ˼ޣҶû˿ĲȻЦЦ㳹׵ʧԭء
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Ʊ۸˵ֱתһ̾ҶһӣԼƱڿٵʧȡ
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Ҷܹǰпһ˿벻⣬ϾԼΪȻ䵹ˣ˭Ҳеˬ벻ġ
һƽռ䣬ΪҲǿѹƵļ޾磬ڴΣֻҪӮˣҷߣӮˣôҪҡ
ǰߵĻƱĿţ֮˺ܳʱ䣬Ʊ۲Żĵ˵ͷ
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ǰ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷȥϼţ˵ҪϻˣҪ£еĻϿ
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Ѫʻĵ˵ͷ˶еһ˿ȣΪ˴ϸоһ˿Ϣ
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ĻٴһϱѾ˵˺ܶ⣬һֻǡ


202 ʮ֮
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ҶжʱһˣΪӸղŵսԿǿȻЩֻǻþѡ
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û⣬ھʹȥѰʨ
ǰߵĻҲûκεĳɣվԭزκεĵֵΪƱкȻԼˣô㳹ʧȥǩƽԼĻᡣ
ǩѪ⣬ôֻʣԼôԸ⣬ȴòʵĲпᡣ
ҶҲû˿ԥʶֱӽ뵽ǰ޵Ժ֮УٵǩԼֱһ̣շһֻ˼ޡ
ֱһ̣ĴħҲ¶һ˿ЦݣΪкһֻ˼޴ʲôǿޱȵһ塣
ǩԼҶʱܹ˼ˣ˵үʨסǧ֮ɽʨ»Ĵڡ
ĴڣǵʵΣ
Ҷжʱһһֻ˼ʨѾеھȻֳĴڣҶԿ϶ûʦİæҪ˵ɱޣµʱᱻɱ
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203 Է
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204 練
жʱΪﵽʲôľ磬ҶкǿһΪﵽ֮ǿڡ
ֻһֻ߼ڣΪԱһֻżǰֱһЦ
һ̣ǰŮӾȻ˵ڵ޷סޣҶ֤ʵʦ˵Ļ޾Բ򵥡
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ҡҡͷҶ漴˵ǰɣȻҿ߼˵Ϊǲô˵ڻǲڣһǵʵԿκһʱʱ±ҪΪ𡣡
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ʱһֱûп˵ĹȻʵΪڵħΪѴﵽħ֮
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ֻҪܹ㣬ұĻɱʨ
үʲô취
ɫʱϲһֱҶǵӰֻ벻û飬һ£½֮˭ƾʵշʮħʮһħʦ
Ҫǰû˻ţǰĺȴˣҲһ̻շһֻ˼ޣ൱һǿħۡ


205 ħ
ֻҪܹҵʨϾ˳УôʱҾаٷ֮ʮİսɱ
һᶨĺ꣬Ĵħ֪Ϊʲôһûκһ˲ţֻҪ˵Ļһ
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ҶӺȡʮ߿龧ʯΪ˵УҶôӺǵõıع龧ʯ
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뿪ƳǵʱҶ龧ʯΪкԼڵʵܵ£»󷨡
ǺܿҶԼ뷨ΪԼʹðԾŹ󣬻ǰԾŹ󣬱ϾڵԼ󷨵ѽȡ
ȻޱȣȴҪʩǿʵħػҶԼ޷ԾŹ
÷Ǳؼȴһˣ治֮һźܶǿ󷨣вŲڰԾŹ󷨡
Ժ֮пٵŸ󷨣ʱ֮Ҷ׼ʹؼ֮еһΪĹ󷨡
ڰԾŹڣ÷ǿŴɱڶȻ֪ĹΣҶȴžԲ
˵Ѿȡʮ߿龧ʯҶٴδӺȡʮ龧ʯһʮ龧ʯ
Ĺĸλɣֱ죬أ飬ĸλÿһλҶʮ龧ʯΪ
ȻÿһλһħأĴħڵ֮ٵӿ뵽֮Уһգ۵ʱ䣬ĹϢʱ
㣬ҶִӺȡʮʯٵİձĹ֮Ⲽ£γ֮
ҶʵҪƾԼʵ±ֱ̫ˣǱֻסʦµߣȴ޷סϵߡ
ʵҶкʲô󷨣أܽʨסϾʵ̫ˡ
һԼʵҲܹﵽ֮ôҶƾ󷨵ǿɱһ𣬵ǴﵽľҲ֪Ҫȵ¡
Զˣ겻ʱ㲼óǿ󷨣һ̾ͯжЩԾ
ȻĹû뵽ϾȻܹ´󡣡
̣ͯϵô󣿡
ĵ˵ͷϸϳ֮ɫЩ˵Ĺʵֻһ󷨣ҲֻܻɱڣҵĵǣǸ󷨣ôֱ̫ˡ
ʲô󷨣
ǰһ뵣ǵϸкȻһֲõԤУƺõĽᷢʲôһ㡣
ħ󡣡
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֣ɫʱ䣬һŵĿǰϸƺϸ˵һ㡣
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̣ͯħȻǿޱȣǲô˵Ȼֲ˵ҲҶħ󡣡
ҡҡͷϸɫЩεļ˵ħս֮ħˣΪдħΪħħȻ䣬ԲŵħȫܣҲһսħ˰ٷ֮ʮţڵĴ½֮ϸûڡ
ĸףħޱȣҲһǸСһᣬϾʵ̫ˡ
һһʵλ޷ħ󣬵һʵﵽһ߶ȣͨĹһħҪܹ£ǺţҲھʲô
ϸĻ㳯ŲԶĺӰȥʱ֮жһ˿һ˿Լ޷˵Ķ
ͯͯսϸϻڣһһʮĸȻޱʱ
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ֵͯû˿ĳɣֱӿٵ뿪ɽһգ۵ʱʧԶľͷϸŲԶĺ꣬ϳһּᶨ֮ɫ


206 ǧ
󷨲úԺҶٵɽȥһ̣ϵĿֲϢźޱͷų
ղΪҶҪ󷨣ʱԼϢʨ֪Ѿɽ
ҶеȵǣոͷųԼϢ֮ϱ㴫һʨɽƺ
ͨĴҶ֪ʨѾ֪ǵĵ˼޵ʵֱ̫ǿˣٶȼۡ
ֻһһһǰһֻͨɫ˴ʨӣͬĸֵʨ
ĿǰһһޣʨϱһǿɱֲϢֱѹǰһһޡ
ҶûжڵûתΪкԼʵҲû˿Ļᡣ
Ҷȴû˿ĵǣϾ߻ͬһֻǿޱȵİ˼ޣֻҪô㲻¡
ȻһֲͬϢ˲ֱɽɰԵޱȵϢھ֮ϻš
һ죬˼޿ٵķֿǺܿɰԵϢֽ֯һɽΪ֮ǿҵĲ
εĿǰֻ˼޲ϵĴսţҶʵ벻ֵͨܵΪʲôŪ˲ɿĵز
ֱֵܣҶУǰ޸ǶԷɱˣ޲ýԷǧһܽͷ֮ޡ
ٴηֿҪսһʱҶȴȻ˵˵λʲôܲ˵Ҫһƴһɡ
ҶĻʱã׼ٴδսޱֹͣ˳֣ʨһɻĿǰࡣ
ҽһ£ѣΪ˻ɱǲô˵ǶֵܣûбҪŪԵĵز֮䵽ʲôԹ˵ҪҲܹǽôټΣ
ʵɽ·ϣҶѾʹʨ֮䵽ʲôޣǵŪԵĵز
ǲôʣʼնԸ˵ûа취Ҷֻգʨ
Ļûж˵ĿǰֵܣһԲϼս
ʨҲûٳ֣ͬĿǰһһޣﲻϵıպţƺ˵ʲô
жʱеһҶɫЩõʵȻѾ㵱ѣϣ㲻Ҫʨ֮䵽ʲôԹ
ͷƺ˼ʲôҶҲûٱʲôǾĵȴţûã̧ͷ
ʱ֮ҶһУԭȢλˣʨƱǡ
Ϊ棬Ĵ䣬뿪֮ʣһŻûг߲񻨣˵ֻҪȵ߲񻨳׳죬ֻҪ£ʵᷢʵı仯
ӣʨǣɽȴΪ˭õ߲񻨶ŪĿɳ𣬵ΪС
֮УϴʨʵΪǿѾ൱һ۵ʵǣֻ൱ڶ۵ʵ
۴սɽĲսʨʤҲ˳ռɽ߲Ҳ˳µĳΪ˽Ʒ
ʣµ޵ôܴӴưոݣ޵Ϊֲ֣ÿһβ˭ɽ鷳ʧܶա
ҶжʱеһΣʨ߲ǲܵģǲܡ
޼Ȼܷôʣµıֻһݣ߲񻰳׳Ҳֻʣ²ʮʱ䣬ֲż
ҶҲеðʱ򣬾֮ٴδһǺжʱһΪҶ֪֮еˡ
ȻԶһǿϢʱֻһգ۵ʱ䣬һֻͬȫƻƣһ˴ǳһ˶ǰ
һ̣ȫ룬ɿֲϢʱҶжʱеһոպòֹͣսĳ棬ǵĽٴν
֮֮е˭Ȩõֻ߲һ䣬Ҳֻ֮һ˵õܽһУϾֵܣûбҪŪԵĵزи취ڹƽ£֮еһ˵õ߲񻨣ҲκεԹԡ


207 Ƚ
ҶĻȻκεķԣʨǵͷ˼ʲôʣµȴһɻĿǰࡣ
ҶݸǣҶеһ˿ȵǣǰֻ˼޲û֮ǰԼ
ܿ죬˵˶ͬԼ˵ģһ㣬Լ˵İ취ƽҪȻʹˣǶҲϡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵Ƿİɣ˱Ϊ֤ΥԼĻô⵹壬ħʴġ
û˿ԥ̶췢¶ģҶ޻ˣʲôȻ޵Ļȴ
һ󷨣ȺУ˱һʩ˭ܹмһʱ䣬ôǸ˻ʤ
ǰĻʨǣ֮жʱ¶һ˿֮ɫȻޣǶ֮ӵȴ֪ġ
Ҫǽǲʱ˺ڶǺܿҶľٶ㳹׵ĴеĹǡ
ΪҶž췢¶ģԼ۱ԵĹУκεĲ֮ƽ֮⵽ֻ֮ࡣ
ֱ෢궾ģǻָƽһ޿ٵ֮⣬ȴűԿʼ
ʵҶлˣСô˵󷨶ãҪаֱ׾٣һ֡
ޱϾޣ޶Ǵﵽ޵֮ǸûȫﵽܹȵĽ׶ΣεĶԼʵÿʼѾˡ
ڿʼɣ˭󣿡
ۻ࿴ŶԷȽ֮УҶҲ뵽֮ڡ
һĿռڣҶ쿴Ѿ뵽ĵǣĮ˵ֻҪѸԵ֮Уʱ󷨻Զתһʱֹ֮ͣ룬ڿʼɡ
˵֮ҶڵٵתһӴʱǰ֮ڣʱѾ
ʨҲû˿ĳɣɿֲ˲뵽֮У˼޵ļ룬󷨶ʱĿֲ
һƬǳ֮УǾվһ֮ϣĮĿǰһУһʱ˵˵̲̣ȴļһʱ䡣
ܿ죬ǳռ俪ʼı仯Ĺں˱һԲһһô򵥡
ʱǳռʱŤתһգ۵ʱ䣬֮ϺȻӰ˿ĻᣬֱӳǼ
ǳֱ޿ײ룬ǳռڣһƺȫ˽Ӱ㵽ʲôطᱻӰ֡
û˿ĳɣжʱ󾪣ʵû뵽һССߣʵǲһǲµȴ
ûгֽΪкҲǰӰĹõİ취Ƿ
ô˵һֻ˼ޣ൱һǿۣҶҪͻһͷųֱ֣Щ˵λ
Ҳû˿ԥֱͷųһе֣ǳֻҪ֮ϣ᳹׵ʧǳռڡ
ˣһ̲ĲֻҶһˣʵȵʨ
ʱһ䣬Ҷû˿֣˼ҶгţҪǹ˼ĸܣʨıȫԻɱǡ
һӣʱǳռڳĹȣֻƯڿռ֮УҲ̶õĽصռڡ
ȣһ˼ԲǶʱоԼڱݺݵײһ¡
ɫʱĲ԰ޱȣ֪ΪʲôոսӰǺܴ󣬵һգ۵ʱ䣬Ӱƺһ
ӰĹͷų֣ȵҺвϵĻصǵĶС
ޱȵĹȺУֱӸ˺ǿڵƣһݣһαѪ˲ֱ뵽֮ϡ
ҶԼҲʱһ˭Ҳû뵽ǳռǾȻѪҿ˺صơ
Ͼǵ򲻵ѵ£û˻ԸԼıѪôֻҪѪ꣬ôڴˣҲ졣


208 
һαѪֺȻǣûй೤ʱ䣬ǵٴαơ
ʱһâǱ㳹׵ʧǳռڣһգ۵ʱ֮⡣
Ҷ˼ѵȺ֮⣬һ԰׵ǣʨжǴ󾪡
ˣû뵽Լո˵ˣΪȻߣƾ󷨾Ȼ˵һֻ˼ޣһ㽫ɱ
ǲûаһʱ䣬˭
ҡ
ҶĻ䣬ʨ˵ٵĽ뵽֮Уһգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧ˵С
¶һ˿ЦݣҶʱŴ»ص֮ڣû˿ĳɣ˿ٵĽԵ֮С
û˿ȻʨΪѾﵽ۵ľ磬ǶһҶµ󣬻Ǹ޷ֵһʱ䡣
еıֵܹסһʱ䣬ôⳡԼӮˣ߲˳ĹС
һҪ˵ĻôζԼҶôⳡء
ҶǩԼ֮Խʶһ̣Ҷ¶һ˿ײЦݡ
վǳռڣûվŲȴŽĹǿٵĳһȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱ǵ֮С
ʱǳռٴοʼ˹ȽĹȴƾԼʵһʱ䡣
֮ʱǲûκεĲãظĸоʨȴһˡ
û뵽ҽȴһСС߸ˣķڷ߲񻨴ӽԺ㣬ʮؽ죬ʱֻҪ£һͻ޵֮ﵽ֮
ڷ߲񻨱ܹͻ޵֮ﵽ֮Ҷû˿ľȣϾ޵Ϊ߲񻨶ϧԣ߲ǷƷء
ֻĵ˵ͷϲû¶һ˿飬ҶͨĴʱоһЦ
Է̫޴ҶеȵһĻȻ֣ΪǺȻߵʨߣ̬ǡ
û˿ĳɣҶȲʵΪƺѾµʲôϾǰ޵״˭Ҳܿó
ҶжʱһԭʨһԷޣǵһӣȴ˵˵Ĺ
ûа취ʨԼĺ˴ˣȥѰҵʱԼĺѾ֪ȥʲôط
Ӵ֮Ǳ㴦ԼɷԣҶкʵѾԭʨҲֳܱǵһ档
ʨ˴ĺӣǸǲһֻʨӣ
ҶĻ䣬㿴Լǰֻޣֻ۾ĶӴϢݺݵĳѹ
Ҳµûĺ֪ʲôط
Ҷƶ۲ֱӶԻԱͨ˽⣬ϾܹҶĻҶȴ޵Ļ
ҶԼҵɽȣʨӣȻʨӰԼĺӽľһһʮ˵˳
Ļ䣬Ҷ㷢ǵǿҵĲʨ˫צץסĸ첲֮¶һ˿ڴ
¶һ˿˼Ҷ˵˼Ҳ֪СʨǵĺӣԱҵĶСʨǩѪ
ҡҡͷү˵ǵĺӣϣһǩԼ
жʱϲҶ첢ûκεķԣϾܹٴշ˼ޣԺĵ·˵ĺô
Ҷʶֱ뵽ʨǵԺ֮Уһգ۵ʱ䣬һ˶ޱǩԼҲʾѾҶ졣
һ̣Ҷշ˼޵ۣ˳£ȻʨѾֻ߼ڶèҲҶǩѪ
൱ۣڵǿڣҶֱԿ϶ûŵİԼҲƮ칬
ô˵Ʈ칬ֻһۺڣҶһȴӵ޵ۣĴڣʮħʮһħʦʵֱҪһŶҪǿ
Ĵħߴʱÿһ˵ϳĲţʵ벻ԼүôģϾ˼޵ۣĴ߼ڡ


209 
ĴħţԶڶ˶һĲţ꣬ʹ۾ƺԼһ
̣ͯǲҿˣȻշۣۻ˻ġ
ϸҲһ֮ɫЩε˵Ȼ겻ŵˣһ򵥣ƾʵȻշۣš
ϸٵĳȥΪһ̣ϸƺһҲٵȥҪշǰꡣ
ܿ죬˱ǰϸû˿ԥ˵ҿԴΪڵĳϣλԼߡ
̡ͯ
Ҫ˵ˣзִ硣
˵ʲôȴϸӲĶ˻ȥҿǰϸһļᶨ֮ɫ껹˵ʲôû˵
ΪкڵĳϴʲôЩʱ򳬼ŵĳҪһŵλߣҲие˼顣
ϸڵĵλ޷ЩϾҪΪڵĳϣǶشףһʵǿ߲ſԡ
ǵ꿴ǰʱȻҶܾ겼󷨵ǿ󣬵ʵֱ̫ˣԵڵĳϡ
ǰϸĻҶҲʱ¶һ˿⣬ϾҲڵĳϴʲôǿǴ½Ϊǿ֮һ
Ҳ˼
ҵ˼˵ڣǳΪڵʮϡ
ҲµûĻ㲢ɣҪҴӦ㣬ʱٰŪǺûӡ
ʵҶУڳϲǲðϾڵĳϿһ֮֮ϣԺ绽꣬һܽĺ֮ǡ
Ҷͬʱ֪ڵϲôõģһñŪٲĵزҶʵ뵱ʲôڵĳϡ
ģڿԴӦ㡣
¶һ˿ЦݣҶûдӦҲûвӦһԵŮ˵ǲ˼ҿҪԼȥѰˣΪһҪ
ҶҲû˵ʲôĴħߴ޿ٵĳɽȥһգ۵ʱʧԶľͷ
ϸ׼׷ȥʱһɰԵϢʱѹһʨʱ쳹֮ϣ˼ԲٸԽһôʨ㲻ٿ
ܿ죬˱ɽһа֮ɽڣҶһ뵽ɽڱһ۷ɽмһŲС߲񻨡
ү߲񻨣ֻҪʮ֮£ôʵԿ
ȻĽߣҶ󻺻߲񻨣֮¶һ˿Ͼܹ߲񻨣ҶܹԼΪֱӴﵽʦ֮
ү˵ʮ߲֮񻨳׳֮󣬱ãʱʵԸһ¥
жʱһ漴ҶЩ֮ɫϾǰ߲Ū۷Ŀɳԣȴ߲񻨸ʵҶ벻ͨ
үҲĨǣʵ̫߲ͣ񻨵ĻôʵڶʱԺҲкô
ֱԲ䣬ҶвûκεĲЩмô˵Լʵȷܵ͡
ҶкҪԼƾ󷨵ǿ󣬸ܴﵽĵزû˿ѣΪ֪ȻѾˣôϵ顣
ʵҶлһ˿˽ϾܹʱԼΪ˭ҲѵģһԼµġ
ɽ⣬ϸɫصĿǰɽЩε˵ӾǳΪãպؽΪڴС
̣ͯǲЩˣȻҳҶ󷨺ǿ󣬵ҪΪУǸʵ𣿡
¶һ˿ľȣΪкǰϸʲôˣһ£ϸԲһˣ仹ô޹˼ɵĿһˡ
֪ΪʲôָоӾ򵥣ظУ˸޷͸Ǿ仰ǶҪ뾡취շӡ
û뵽ڵĴСȻɽʧԶӭ
ʱӻĳŶ˵мһȥļһɫĳЩҡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ӱѾ˶ǰǰˣ¶һ˿Цݡ


210 ־
ȻֵӣһķŭϸɫҲޱȵѿЩߺ޵˵ʲôʱôˡ
ֵǴ½֮ϣ֮һıǧűţǰǱڡ
Ȼ֮ԼǾ֮䲻κεĲɱΪ棬֮ĶԹôʧ
֮ĶԹǵħһսΪһȻһߵ
Ӵ֮뱦˲ݵľ棬Լ˱֣Ѿ뵽˺ô
ôСȥһˣ֪Сӣ
ǰˣ״ֻ֮һ˿䣬ϾΪץסڵĴС㣬αڡ
ȻʵѾǿ󣬵ǰǼֱһСվһǰû˿ĵֿ
ƺ֪ǰ˻˵ϲû¶һ˿ķŭ˵״Ҳȥأ
ǰŮӵĻ״ʱЦƺЦһ㣬˵ɲˣʵ˵ɣдȣܹǻʤôӴ֮㲻ΪУҪȻ
Ȼ״Ļû˵꣬е˼ѾԲˣʱϸȻ˵ڿ԰ǻʤĽùڡ
ЦƾʲôҽȰǻǹԹԸߣҪǶǲ
״Ļ䣬ڶ˱ٵĳҷȥһգ۵ʱѾʧԭأٶֱ֮Ŀɿڴ
˲û˿ľȣٵ׷ȥֻڵ꣬껹ϸֻ֮еꡣ
ǱȴͬˣΪﵽ֮Ѿ֮еǰǣҲ˵ˣΪѾﵽ˶֮
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿ׷ڵĶˣûٷϻѾˣԵԪ֮˲˶ˡ
ϸû־ܣڵ֮ת֮ݺݵײ֮ϡ
ʵôܺȣڶ˱㱻ݺݵĻˣɫ԰׵ĿǰˣжʱеһΡ
νɽóͬΪԼʵѾﵽ˿Եߴ½ʸ
ֻϸǧ㣬Ҳû뵽ǣȻһֱ׷һڡ
ûٳɣӻȡһͨɫǰŮкȻֵɫ֮ϣɫˡ
û뵽ȻõҲı䲻һС
˵״ٴγˣԵ֮ٵĳֱӳǰĶ˼ȥȴûг֡
Ŀǰˣ껺ľеڵ֮ٵӿ뽣ڣ漴ݺݵնȥ
û˿Ͼ֮Ĳֱ̫ˣӵȻڵĶ֡
жʱЦһ״кȻӣһգ۵ʱ䣬ڵ˱㱻ݺݵ
ǲҪͼҪܣǱҪ˵ǣҲܰѣڻǹԹһȥɡ
˵״ڶ׼ȥʱԵĺʱ쳹أ޳ǰ
źȻֵޣɫʱ䣬״Щȵ˵ۣ
ǰЦôǰҲЦϾΪﵽ֮ںϣγԪ֮
ˣҿǲ
˫ĶԻҶһֲڶУҲǸеһȣϾô˵Ǵ½֮֮һʵԿ࿹⡣
ƾʲô
״쳣䣬ȻܼɵǰۣǶں꣬һССͣǰֱһЦ
ΪԼԶԿ𣿡
ǰĻ״ɫֱѿ˼㣬ΪѾ۾Ȼǰһġ
ȻԼʵǰһǰԼһͬʱ֣Ҳ֮κһ˵Ķ֡
״кκòץڵĴС㣬ҪǾŹǧѷĻᣬôպҪץֱ꣬ϼѡ


211 ߲
״ɫѾѿ˼㣬Ϊһ̣ѾһֽѵĵزϾǰֻǿİ˼ޡ
ûʱǺģҪǣҪһսֻҪӮˣұ㲻ٹ֮顣
Ҷ¶һ˿ͷƶڹۿ߲񻨵ʱȻԶȻڡ
жʱһΪҶкڴʲôΪڵˣ룬ҶԼ뷨
ûڳɣҶɽʱ뱦֮ĶԻڶ˱ץ
ǰĻɫһأҪ޵۴սҲҡ
Ͼۿ൱۵ǿڣҪ˵ǣڵĳҲδ۵Ķ֡
ȻҲ֪㵽˭Ҫ㣬ξǶˣôӴԺ㲻ݣĺܳܵ𣿡
ǲˣȻԼʵǿֻ˼ޣֻ߼ǰǻ֪֮
״ĻȻʹҶɫ΢΢˱䣬ȻӵеʵѾǿ󣬵ҪһűȣֱصĲࡣ
ҲһѾ֪ǰʵҪ˵ʲô֮ˣĴŶǡ
ие𺳵ǣôһţȻǳκεһţһŶǣǳһССƳǡ
кҶƳǵĳǶһ˵һĳһϲ࣬Բ꣬˰۶ΪǰĺѡЭ
ϾһǰҪ˵һССͣڴˣҲԲΪС
ҲǲǱˣֻ֪˭˺ҵѣҾԲŹٸһλᣬҪ뿪Ҫ
ҶĻʱд󾪣Ҳһ𺳵Ŀǰĺ֪꣬Ϊʲôһ̣кȻǰһĸо
Сӣݣպġ
˵֮󣬱ջӣٵĳķȥҪѰ֧Ԯλᣬ˻治֪ȥô
лл㣬ģպһ㣬ʵûдﵽһ졣
ǻǸϿ뿪ɽɣһ£ܶˡ
΢΢һ̾겻֪ǰΪʲô֮ǧ֮⣬ʱϸȻ˵Ϊܹ뿪ɽ𣿡
Ҫ뿪ҶϸĻʱͣ½ŲϳصĿǰڶˣô˵ܴߵġ
ҶҲȻѾߣ˾Բ뿪ɽϾһǧѷĻᡣ
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Ǹʮ죬ʮ֮ھͻʱǾͰȫˡ
ĵ˵ͷȻֲԸҶ컹ǴӦô˵Ѿ˱ˣҪڵ˶ĻôҲԶˡ
Ҷתٵĳɽȥһգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧԶĽ죬꿴˿ߵϸҲû˿ĳɸȥ
ϸƶе߲񻨺˵ɫʱ䣬һŵĿԵĺ֪꣬Ϊʲôŵر
ʶ߲񻨣
ҶҲЩȣǺܿѾȻˣϾԼߵǴ½֮ϣ󳬼֮һڵĵӣŵĵʶ߲Ҳ
ĵ˵ͷЩ̾˵˵߲񻨳Դ½߲֮У߲񻨶˵Чһֱ˵ûмû뵽Ҽʶ߲񻨡
˵Ĵ½߲絽ʲôط
Լ˵½صʱҶԷǰ˰Ĵħڣ϶¶һ˿أ˵˵½֮Ϲأֱȣ߲磬ɽؾһգû֪浽״ʲô
ĵ˵ͷһҶ֪˴½ϵصʲôˣȻ֪ȴ˵Ͼħ֮Уƽٵͷųġ
ү˵½ÿ궼ῪһΣߵΪҪڽڿٴﵽֻ֮Ҫرɹ
жʱһҶ켱ɴʵϴؿʱѾȥ˶ꣿ


212 
ֻаٴοʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôҶкȻһڴĸо
ûʲôҶкض˵ֻһңԶĴ˵ˣϾѾʶǿ
ʮ֮ڣҶû뿪ƶڶҲû뿪Ͼһ߲񻨵ĳҪġ
ʮһ峿̫ûдӶһҹĴ꽥ͣرˮϴ֮󣬶ʱһˮ
ƶ֮У˰ڣһ۲գĿǰ߲񻨣Ϊʱ߲񻨳׳֮ʡ
ʱƶȻ䱻һصֻ֣߲ϺȻߵʺĹâʱƶڵÿһطϡ
ү߲ѾˣǷõĺûᡣ
ĵ˵ͷʵ˵ҶҲ֪ǰ߲Ѿ죬ûԥ㳯ǰȥ
߲ǰҶĶǰ˫ֻǻĳ߲ץȥҶ˫߲񻨵ʱ߲񻨺Ȼâǣ˲Ҷ졣
һգ۵ʱ䣬ߵʺĹâ㳹׵ʧƶڣٿʱ߲ѲӰ
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˿ٵ뿪ƶ뿪ƶʱ˫¶һ˿ĵ֮飬Ͼ֮лһ˿ʲôҶţôһ֣֮ᷢĶ뵱Ѫһģһ
֮ڣҶ߲񻨵ʱ߲񻨱㻯ߵͬٽ뵽ĵ֮ڣ̾ᵽ֮ûϢ
Ҷȴû˿ĵǣϻ¶һ˿ľϲΪ߲񻨵İԳ֮ķӡ
о֮壬ǲ֪˭ӡڵоҪǱָɽ£Ҷ֪һԼڵķӡ޷⿪
ڵоѾ⿪ķӡҶкһʲô⣬ƾ߲һٴƿķӡ
뵽Ҷ첢ûκεԥڵٵת㳹׵ڵ߹
˵֣Ҷڵ߲񻨲ûκεķһĹԼΧסûκεĵֿ
û̫ʱ䣬Ҷڵ߹ʲô㱻׵Ҳһ̣Ҷ쿪ʼ˳ڷӡľٶ
߲񻨵İҶֻоԼڵƺ޾Բƾʵһս
û˿߲񻨵İҶʱеԼڻûб⿪ӡеĽоľо˲䱻⿪
ֱһ̣ҶڱӡоѾ⿪ӡֻʣһоķӡûб⿪
˫ۣҶ¶һ˿ϲΪһֻ̣оԼ޾ΪѾֱͻƵʹԲ֮
Ҳ˵һҶѾٻԼ׽٣ضԼֻҪɹôΪﵽʦ֮
ɽľ֮ϣ֪ΪʲôȻܲضһɺǿ֣һգ۵ʱ䣬ɽľ֮ϱۼơ
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жʱ𣬻ʱƶҪԼ׽ˣΪкΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮
ƽʱΪҪһ֮ﵽʦ֮ûϵΪܣǳǿҩ̲кҲҪʱܴﵽ
һ̵Ҷ죬ֻʱѾһ֮ﵽ֮ھȻҪԼ׽٣Լ
ž֮ϺȻֵƣϸеƺߵŮӣй֮ϾһʼϸѾΪǳ
ڶȣĴħߴ޵̬ȫһû˿ľȣ϶¶һ˿ϲ뽾
ʱɽȻһ죬˱㿴һɫӰӵֱȻֵĺɫӰǱˣƶ߲Ҷ죬˸е˾֮ϵı仯ƶҶͬоˣϾ仯


213 ׽
žͳĺɫӰһ̶סˣΪʵû뵽ķʽԿԼ׽١
ΪÿһߵΪﵽʹԲ֮ʱ򣬱ȹԼ׽٣ضԼ
һߣڶԼ׽֮ʱǾĵȴž֮ϵ׽ٽ٣ûһһ㣬ֱӳԼ׽ٶȥ
Ȼǧ겻׺һ٣治֪ӵʲôˣȻ׽١
ϸĻԱһ԰ףΪкϸ˵׺һ״ʲô
˭ڶɹԼ׽֮ʱһ׽һ׽ٵĶɣҵһڶ׽ٲǺǿֻе׽ޱȡ
׺һȴͬ׽ٺһ𲢲һһô򵥣˶׺һѾ˿۶׽٣ɾ֮
Ҷƶ֮бѾо˾֮ϵ춯Ȼûмʶ׽٣Ҷȴ֪Լ׽پԲһ㡣
Ϊﵽ֮ڵĽоľоķӡҲѾ⿪ʱҶ˼ʲô
֮ϵƺܹܵĿǧֵ֮֮ľ޴󴿺ɫ׽ٳǰ
Ȼֵ׽٣ɫ˲԰ޱȣΪһ֮Уûм֮׽١
껹ǵõԼĸף½󳬼֮һ׽ٵʱҲûھ֮ϳֵ׽ٴ
ʵ벻ͨ׺һѾǧ겻ˣڿ֮ϵ׽ٲ򵥡
ܿ죬ٿ֮ϵʱ򣬺ȻֺɫӰѾʧڳֵľȻһͨɫս׵ꡣ
ϺȻֵĴɫսףҶжʱϲ֣ҲеЩɻǣս׵ɫǴɫӦɫŶԡ
һҶѾ˲ô࣬Ͼս񽣵ĺȻٴθ㹻ģΪۼʶԼ׵
ƺû꣬ʱҶ˫ۺȻ뵱ƳնɱϹ֮һģһ
ʱĽʱ쳹֮ϣ˱㿴Ӿ֮˫֮мֻӴޡ
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ҵϵۣҵ׿ʲôүϾȻ˻ޣǿֻ޻ʰ
ž֮ϵޣЩ۸ֱӣֱӷڵһĲš
ڵҲѱɵˣΪ޵ͷ˭Ҳ֪֮ڱλɻ䡣
̣ͯѵҶǵսʵĵӣ
ҡҡͷϸûһ˿ѪɫǼᶨޱȵ˵Ҳ֪һסζ֪Ҷлڣ
ǰһصϸĵ˵ͷΪҲ֪ԣϾ֮ڱǴŲļɻ䡣
֮ϣ˫۱ĿԼ׽٣Ҷ֮ȴ˱֮ɫƺûа׺һһ
赣ս񽣳
ҶĻ£ھ֮Ͽ޻ʺȻ䷭һ䣬񽣣ҿٵں
һգ۵ʱ䣬޻ѾڣʱҶкȻһߴ糤ͨɫϿֻ̻ޣǻ𽡣
һ̣ҶƺѾΪ˾սһ㣬ƮݵĺڷĻڱ󣬴ɫսʾһԾ֮صı䡣
еս񽣸ǳһɰԵϢվԭأҶѾΪؼģ˭ơ
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û˿ĳɣҶֱӳſҪµ׺һնȥһ죬ƺоضնһ㡣
ʱٿ֮ϵʱ򣬺ȻָոջڵƾȻһɢˣһ˿û¡
ģҲ̫ǿˣһɢ׽٣һǧ겻׺һֻܹĴ̼
̾˶ʱоһ˭ҲûзΪһ仰˵ĺܶԣǾǾ֮ϵĺȷǿ


214 ʦ
һɢ֮ϵƣ֮Ͽٵļߵâ˲뵽ҶڣʱҶƺˡ
ǲϵսףеս񽣶ʧҶҲ»صɽһ֪Ŀǰˡ
Ƕʲôңѵϳˣ
үڵΪ״ﵽʲôľ磿
ݺݵһԼĿˮֱһ綼ЩŸղ飬ҿǰһãȻ꣬ȥһٵĳ嶯
Ҷʶʱ뵽Լڣɲʱ򣬾Ҷ϶¶һ˿𺳡
ү㵽״ﵽʲôľ磬İɣܹܵס
Щɴһڴ֮ɫϾǰɵ׽٣Ȼǧ겻׺һνͶ¶򣬾жĻر
ǧ겻׺һǿޱȣж׽ǿ󣬵ֻҪ˳ɹ׽٣ôõʵҲӦǿࡣ
Ǵﵽʦ֮
үʲôкǾǣǾͲǡ
ĵ˵ͷû˿ҶҲоԼΪǲ̫ˣֱӳһ֮ﵽʦ֮ٶȣǳŵĵӶδܹﵽ
үǶ㳹׷ˣû뵽ү㲻ŵãȻ޻ʻҪ˵дȣ½֮ϣܹ˺үĶ֮١
ǰӵĻҶֻоɻѣֻǵԼڶ׽ٵʱս׺ȻϣʲôҲ֪ˡ
Ҷкղһʲô飬ҪȻԼΪһӱﵽʦ֮ӵĻƺԼ߻ֻ޻ʻ
ǰȻһãȻĺ꣬ѸոԼһȫ˵˳ⲻͼӴס
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ֻҶеһ˿𺳵ǣʵû뵽ԼеĻȻֻǿ޻ʣΪҶк޻ʴʲô
޻൱ʵǿڣǳʥ֮µǿߣǻ𽣬һ޶ģҶһп
ֻһֻһֻ𽣬޻ȫ䣬µĻŻᵮΪǻﻹ𽣬ΨһĴڡ
үϾȻֻ޻ʣΪʲôȴҪ󷨣Ը⣬ɱħС
жʱеһȻҶ첻֪ԼԭѽĻ𽣬Ϊʲôһʱ侹Ȼ޻ʡ
Ҷк¾ûô򵥣۾ݺݵĵһǰӣ޲ȥӵƨһš
ոշǻᵱڣҲκġ
ʱһֱû˵ϸȻ˵Ҳĵ˵ͷϾкһдʲô
ǰ˵ı֤ҶжʱһɣȻ֪Լϵ׷ʲô飬ȴһܴȥ
ʵҶҲڶģϾǰĶֻƼˮ꣬Ӳ˵ѣǲ֪ΪʲôҶһοʱ򣬱Ѿ֪ǰŮӲԼ
ӽ쿪ʼղһǶκ˵𣬾ƳǵҲԣ𣿡
ǰһصĺ꣬Ĵħĵ˵ͷһֵһ̶û˿顣
ʮѾȥڵҲӦõ˰ɣǲǸ뿪ˣ
Ҷ쿴ǰڵĶˣЩᶨƵ˵ϾҪö˸Լ
ϸҲûڼ֣漴˵ʮʱŵҲӦõˣǱһߵǣԡ
ǳȥɣһҪ
˵֮Ҷ쿴һǰޣĴħĴ߼޶èٵ뿪ɽ
ϸ˵һգ۵ʱҶѾʧˣһ̾ϸ֣ۿٵ뿪ɽ
ڶ뿪֮Ҷ³ɽϣѾԶȥĶˣҶɫԵЩ͡
үҪҪɱǣһҪǰѸղŵ˵ȥĻôµʱ鷳
ҡҡͷҶ˵ɷִ磬ѾܵУҲڽʲôӣ磬дȻж೤ʱ䣿


215 Ĺ
үдȿպʮ죬ǲǸȥˣ
ҡҡͷʮҶ˵òôʱ䣬Ѿ֪ŵλãҶкֻҪʱԿԸϵš
ʵҶһֱиʣǾÿνпռĵӣʵٸߣûгʮ꣬Ҷ첻ǻﵽôľ磬ϾѪΪѪĹȵĴС㣬СҲֻǴﵽħ֮
ϾǾţҲи̣ⲢĵģҶɻǣôɵĵӼҲŵĶ֡
벻ͨǣܹпռ䣬ΪʲôȴҪ˵ûǿޣԼҲš
ƺǰ룬Ȼ˵үʵпռ䣬߱ڶʮ£ȴҪ֮¡
жʱеһɻ󣬼ȻпռҪ֮£ôΪʲôпռȴֻ
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ڶΪнĹ˵ħһսȻʤŵҲ䣬ʬнĹ֮С
Ļʱһû뵽ǣпռ֮ȻһнĹ滹ʬ塣
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ɫЩʵĿǰʵϾ˵ЩڻܣžԲ©ġ
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ڹĴμдȣ˲ûиеκεľȣϾҪ˲μӹдȣҲ֪Щ
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Ȼпռ֮нĹΪʲôŻҪпռ֮ھдȣѵǾͲҲ֪нĹ𣿡
үѵΪпռм˻ų֪нĹ飬Ҳӹŵ׷ɱ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˹дȵһ飬ҲŵĲΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΡ
үǻҪμд𣿱ϾڵʵҪƮ칬Դ´ࡣ
ǰĺ꣬һ˿ǣϾдΣأŵ׺ݶʤҲŹˡ
ҶҲǽѣϾһԼʵѾǿ󣬾Ʈ칬޷⣬Ҷлһ˿ġ
һССƮ칬迼ʲôƮ칬Ŵ½֮ϣ󳬼֮һңɽ
ȻԼӵеʵѾǿ󣬵ҪһȣֱһҶҲûѵĵز
΢΢һ̾Ҷ쿴ǰ˵Ժ˵ҪޣΪһסҪκ˴ҡ
˵֮ҶڵϣڵٵתȻѾɹɹ׽٣ɹĽԡ
ҶкԼҪȶΪ¼Ժ֮У󹦷Ҳ漴֡
ĴħĴ߼ǿٵΧмߣϾ֪һ̶˵ؼġ
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һֱи벻ףȻ֪нĹ飬ûкκ˵Ϊʲôŵ˻֪ء
ǰӣ¶һ˿ɻ󣬱Ͼ̫Σ˵Ҵ֮ǰңֻҪӴнĹˣϱһ˿нĹϢϢᱻŵ֣ԲŻᱻ׷ɱ
ĵ˵ͷɫӵչĻ˵ֻҪнĹˣֻ·һ


216 ս¼
ʱ֮Ҷڻ˫ۣ֮ȴ¶һ˿ϲ㳯ǰľͷټȥ
˻࿴˿֪ǰĺȻôˣû˳ɣȥķ׷ȥ
ǿеľϲΪһҵ˵ԼҶڵѾﵽ˼㣬ٶ֮ѳƽʱļޡ
ʱ֮Ҷһɽ֮⣬֪Ϊʲôɽ֮ʱڵѪҺΪ֮
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ո˵ֻǺү֣㱻ҶϣĻ˻֣˵Ƕߵңȥȥ
˵֮Ҷûֱͣӳɽȥһգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧ˵ʧ֮С
үôˣ
Ѿʧ꣬ϳ˵֮飬Ͼһ̵ЩԾʲô顣
˲û˵ȻܵİΣȴûһ˽ɽ֮УϾֻū˵ÿһ仰ǶҪӡ
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ʱʯ֮ϺȻһʯţû˿ĳɣҶƿʯţʯ֮Ҷ˫۶
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Ψһǣս¼صĹ¼ûУ¼½صĹֻǺСһ֡
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ȻҶ첻֪һ̵׷ʲô飬Ψһ֪ľǣʦڸ¼ǳеս¼֮С
ս¼֮вž񣬶һŸ󷨣󣬰ԾŹ󣬶תУһŸ󷨡
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һ̾Ҷʵ벻ͨԼΪʲôϡͿĺǩѪһõסԼڡ
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Ҷվɽ֮ʱû˸ղŵ𺳣ֻƽĿǰˣһ̣Ҷ췢ʦϵˡ
ղŷʲô飬Ϊʲô֮ϵȻϣ
ûе˵ʯӱ㼱ɴʵҶ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôղ֮н뵽ɽҵһöϡͿǩѪ뵽ҵĵ֮С
ҲѾ㵤֮ڵöҵʶ޷͸ΪʦµûöպĻһֻǿޱȵĴڡ
Ҷ첢ûаԼõս¼߾ʯӣ֪ΪʲôҶָоǾԼõս¼ô򵥡
ȻԼʦǲô˵ҶǸоԼõս¼²ܸʦΪʲô޷˵
պ˵˵дȵ飬ΪʦЩڣΪﵽ֮߱ԸоΪʦĴڣԵ֮Ϊʦ᳹׷ԼϢȵдȽ֮ΪʦŻ



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217 ٳ
ʦȻԼϢҶвûие˿ľȣΪһȷʦŹϵ
Ҷ˱ٵ뿪ɽϾνɽҪΪѡԼ
ȻԼѾҵǹɺԼҶȻȥԼļˣϾдȻʮʱ䡣
ϣȫٵĳƳǸȥһ֮˱»صƳǣҶ첢ûжͣ
ʱʱ䣬ҶߴޣʮħֵܼԼƺƵĳŻĵ۹ȥ
ʵҶУһֱûҪĵ۹ϾԼһΪ˵۹ҪȶԲԼļ壬ԼҲԲᱳѵ۹
ƳȫǶϢһʱ㴫˻ĵ۹ʹ֮УɫĿǰڳ˵ǵ˵ƳѾϾҪˣǸԡ
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ͷҶ޵Уŷϣǲӽˮˣ²ܣҪ˵Ҷ컹ûдʹʱʹͷҶ޵жܡ
ŷϵĽ飬۵ɫʱһ̣λһ֮ƺȫһֻʨӣŭ⣬Ҳûκΰ취
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ʱ֮ϺȻһŮŮ۵ɫʱһϲ̬˵л
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үһʱǱԹƳţʱֱˡ
ǰϳڴ˵һԶƳǵʱһԸ⡣
ǽʱգǰλΪ꽨Ƴǣһ۹֮лĵ۹ĳ֮⣬ζû뵽顣
ĵ˵ͷҶϲû˿ƺǰһиν˵ÿһˣ۹֮󣬲׼ɱһˣΥɱ⡣
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ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһԶ㼤ĵӰһŮУһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾҶǰ
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һ̾ҶЩ˵ҶΪ˵۹ǻʲô֣֮ҲģƮ칬ôҵļˣʵѾעǾȡԹñˡ
ҶĻ䣬Ʈ칬ʱЦƺЦһ㣬Ŀǰĺ꣬һһֵ˵ȥ
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죬Ʈ칬ڻûüҽг㳹׵ʧؼ䣬֮Ĳ޷
仹ǿޱȵʨӵѪҺʹʨʵҪһİ˼޸ǿ󣬶ʨΪѴﵽ֮ССмֱһЦ


218 ч
ֻһбɱǿޱȵڣƮ칬ɫĲ԰ޱȣҶҲһꡣ
۵ʵֱ̫ǿˣǰֱϰĴڣһбȫɱڡ
˴Ʈ칬ĻҼ鷳ֱתķȥһ̵Ʈ칬޲Լ೤ȡ
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һľϲ֮ɫΪֻҪ֮ڣôĳ˲ɳɣǿʱԼһ֮֮ϡ
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ʹ֮ڣһֵ̿ĹڵϣЩµ˵ϣƳѾѾƳţϾҪʹˡ
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ٴ֤ʵԼûѾĹƳţɫ԰׵֮ϣһ̵ƺ˼ʮꡣ
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˭Ҳߣ֮ĶԹ޹ء
ʱ򣬴֮Ȼ߽ʮˣҶʮħϵˣ֮ϵĻʵۣҶû˿ϲá
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Ļд󳼰ŷڣ϶һ˿˸УϾɱҶҵ飬ĵ͹һ硣
ҶҳΪĵ͹ĽΪҶңĵ۹ſԲ֣ǺȻ֮䣬ҪҶҡ
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ģһʵۣ㶼۹˭ܹ
֮ϵӣ˵Ҫ֣ħУһ۹Ļʵ۾ͺһֻ޼ӲҪ˵ֻϻҪɱԼˡ
Ļ˻֣Ҷ˵֪Ҳûɱ㣬Ҿȳҵĸףһ׼ĵʵۣô㻹
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۹ıһ֧֣ĵ۹ظ֧֣۹ң֧֣۹֧֣Ϊ֮ף۹Ҳ۹֮ס
ֱһ̣Ҷ֪ˣԼԴ½ϵһл֪֮٣ǰһֱΪƮ칬ʵңţûмƮ칬ʵȻظ
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219 ҡβ
΢΢һ̾ѾߵһҶкԵĻҪԣνˮڡ
Ҷ첢û˵ʲô˿ٵ뿪˻ʹԼļҸȥΪ۹ҪΪ˽Լļˡ
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һ԰׵Ʈ칬ϲû˿ķŭûΪǰŪԼΪ϶ʹ꣬Ͼ˼Ҽȡ
ĵ˵ͷƮ칬ĻشҶ첢ûие˿ľȣȻǰŮһ֮һǰŮһֻ硣
Ҷ첢ûնɱƮ칬ǷϾһжظָʹҶкѾȥۣǸոȥƮ칬ʵǿ档
Ȼ˵ĵλ˵и߲ʣֻҪظһ˱Ҫ͹һҡβ˿ûС
ףǻһƳǰɣ
ǰԼļˣҶг˵ǣҲһ̣Ҷ¶дһҪμӣΪԼΪԼļˡ


220 ǿת
ҡҡͷҶ޵пǰԼĶӣЩԺ˵Ҷػŵ۹һҲ⣬ΪͲȥˡ
Ҷ쿴Լ׵֮ʱѾ֪˽û˿ļ֣ΪҶкĥΡ
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ҶȻģϰٷ֮ʮ龧ʯȫȡ˳漴̫Ǵս¼֮ѧ
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Ͼǧÿһνħħ߶ųΨһһѪĹħ֮߳󣬻Ƿɵˡ
Լһȴǵһȫħ߳ˣħ֪ǰȫ֮󣬾ԲǻʲôҲûеõ
ϾνħħΪ˵õħڵħҶ˵ʵڲУʱֻնݳˡ
ĻĴħû˵ʲôΪ֪Ψһİ취ôħ֪Ѿȫħ飬ʱ֮ǽ֮ء
ĸסȵпռ֮ҪһĸңҰǴпռ䣬ͻᰲȫǴûУ
ǰһᶨĺ꣬Ĵħжʱһ˿ůȻǵΪѾﵽħ֮֮ڵĵλҲ͡
жǵʵôǿ֮ڶֻǱõˣҪȻҲᱻħ֮ˡ
Ͼħ˶֪ħ͵˫Ŷ̤뵽˹ŹڣҲȫǰĺꡣ
˶ĵ˵ͷϳм˵үһֱһ䣬㵽ʲôˣ
ǰӵĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻ󣬲֪һΪʲôͻȻ漴˵ƳǳǲǶ֪𣿡
үЩҲ֪òý
ʲôֱ˵
үЩʱΪǿתҪȻ޷һУ޻ػһɢ׺һʵȴֻһνүΪ𣿡


221 츳
ǰӵĻҶҲɻѣȻûмޣԼȴܹĵֻ޻ʵǿ
һŪڵĵ֮ǲμдȣаǱԴﵽţǸϿ·ɡ
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ǰĻСˮɫ˱䣬ƺ˵Ǻָֻܿᶨ֮ɫ˵ˮŵĵӡ
ȻСˮĻҶ첢ûие˿ľȣƺѲµһ㣬һԵȴɫ䣬ʵˮŮҲˮŵĵһˣˮ͸ߡ
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һʱһһ޵Ʋǳ׵ȶ˫ۣ翴ǰĺʱ㼱ɴ˵үһҪȥ𡣡
ĵ˵ͷҶСˮٵ뿪ɷ˶εĿԷԼүǻ̡
СˮҲû˵ʲôϾѾҶˣν޷ӷ򣬶һһˮŲͣҶҲκֹꡣ
ܿ죬˱㰴ҵ˻ŵĵӣԶʮ˵ʱ򣬾Ҷж̾Ϣһ
ΪѾ֣ŵʮŵ֮Уһ쳤һͷɫ˿֮⣬֮УȻ˵Ϊﵽ֮ʮ˴ﵽʦ֮ʣµȫ֮
һ쳤һͷɫ˿ӲòҲ֪˭ǻνпռĵӻ꣬һΪﵽ֮ˡ
ŵʵǿһ֧ɾȻǿʵŻﵽôʵ
Ҷĺܾ̾ŵʵһССĻžȻܹų֮ǿߣԺɨˡ
ҡҡͷСˮһص˵ŵʵȷǿ󣬵νпռ䣬Ųûô룬ˮżҲֻǽ˶ѡ
һصŮҶѾ³˻ŵ⣬ȻžдΪնݳ֮Ҳڱȡ
Ͼ֮ҲҪʤߣ˭õдȵĵһԶһһŽ
ȻÿһŴȵĵһԼֵ̫Ҫ󣬵һЩԼܹġ
Ҷһνпռ֮ǿߣܹ³лŵ⣬ҲҶжൣǵġ
Ҫ˵ʮǿߣǻһˣû˿İգƺеĵǣСˮ˵ʱǳ˻⣬뿪ġ
Ϊʲô
жʱɻѣСˮ˵пռŵĵˣһȥңҲҲ꣬Ի˳ȥˣԼȴŵϹ
һ̣ҶҲ֪Ϊʲô˻ŵȦˣϾһԼʵ͵ˣԸһ׷ᡣ


229 ǧѼ
Ҷ֪ŵĵӻ뿪֮󣬱ûмչжϾʮǿߣҪ˵ڴˣҲͬû˿İ취
Ȼʱ֮󣬳˽ëʨ֮⣬ŵ˶ٵĳŲͬķȥһգ۵ʱʧӰ١
ѾʧˣҶȻûκεĶϾԶĽëʨһʵڣԼȴֻһʦ
֮Ĳֱ̫ˣҽëʨ߻Ż룬ȻһֻпռƵİ˼޵ۣҲһֻ߼ڡ
൱֮ǿڣҶţ㵽ʱСˮˮ֣ԼһҲֲԷһһޡ
һؿԶһһޣҶһֱ̼Ƶ˼㣬ܹٻԼ˫֮еĻޣôҲŪڵĵز
ȻûۼʶޣҶܹõֻ޻ʵʵ״ﵽôľ硣
ʥ֮⣬޻ʱǴ½֮ǿĴڣǶһ޶޻𽣬ҶеƵǣȻ޻ʣȴĿơ
νпռĵ֮У˽ŵİüӥ⣬ҪʵΪǿˡ
ƺеĵǣСˮҲһص˵ϾֻһССҪˮ׵Եʣθֲˮ롣
νпռˮŵ֮УСˮʵǿ󣬺һˮ֮Ҳǿڡ
ĵ˵ͷëʨһϢѾգֻǿǸλܽëʨնɱΪҶкëʨֻв
νնݲִǰӡ֤Ҷ˵ˮȣһֻ޸ǿһЩ
νˮ˻𣬻˽𣬽ľľˮͬȼ£ˮҪȻǿ󼸷֡
СˮĻҶһɣϾкһֻ޵Ŀ´ҶҲûκεĳɣŮӵֱ˳ȥ
ھϵȴͶΪһһˣΪѾڶʮ֮ǰﵽ֮һԤΪһεĻ
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ڵһдȿʼʱ涨֮ͬ䲻Գ֣ӲԷл£һ֣ʦŴá
Լ˳֣ôֻоܵնɱŵĵˣŽпռĵӣӴиǲǿߡ
ҲŵλΪʲôԼΪĵӣŸڵĻпռԭ
꿴Ȼֵ֮ʱ֮жʱ¶һ˿ɻ󣬱ϾСˮˣߵֻˮ룬ԼߵĻɫͬ⣬ֱһģһ
Сˮûкˮһ𣿡
ҲǻΪеȵǣȻŵʵǿ󣬵ÿһνпռ䣬ŵһõԱʩ
ʦ֣ˮɢˣҺҶ죬ҪȻ׶༪١
СˮûаԼҶ֮ǰĽëӣϾȻѾݹأѹܹ֮񣬵ȴûгϡ
Сˮȴһ飬ԼСֻУۼĽëʨῴɫʱޱ
СˮҲСʲôϵҪǣѾʦ˻ԼòҪʲôʦֵ顣
˵֮󣬽ëʨֿǰĺ꣬ɱʵǺˣ
ʵëʨѴֱѾվԼǰĺֻ꣬һɢޣһʵµʦ
ǿǰʦȷһСĴڣֻҪԼԸ⣬ëʨԼʱԻɱǰꡣ
û¶һ˿ı飬ǵĮ˵ƳǵĳҵֽҶ죬СˮҵӣǸʦû˿ĹϸȥСˮ֮ĻԼΪֹ
ҶĻýëʨɫӱһߵСˮҲǶʱ¶һ˿𾪣ʵû뵽ҶͻȻ˵
СˮкŵǸΪǧѼŵ죬ʵжôǿ󣬲ʮѾﵽ֮䣬ٶȣ֮г϶Ԥԣʮ꣬űһǿʥʥʲô˼ˡ


230 ѩ
Ҷ죬ǡ
зִ硣
СˮĻû˵꣬㱻ҶֹˣΪҶкԵŮӵҪ˵ʲôΪиȷԼҪʲô
Сӣ֪Լղ˵Ļʲô𣿻УƳǸʲô
ڳЩΪŰÿȻǵõʵҲͬʱʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
ЩУȴû˿ĺڹΪǼԼ֮ϣΪš
֮᲻ݡ
ҶҲûκεĿֱӷϣΪкȻԼСˮѾŵ֪ôӴ֮ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
Ҷȴûие˿ĵǣƮ칬ǰ޵еĴڣôˣǱԼڡ
ҶУֻ벻飬ûа첻飬ڵõս¼ԺҶĸӵ׳
Ϊ֣Լõս¼治ǿĹһŰԵ󷨣ֻҪΪﵽ֮ôʱڣҲһս֮
ĻشʱëʨиеޱȣΪ½֮˶֪ŵʵΪǿ󣬲Ҫ˵һССɢߣǿţҲҵš
СӣҲòЩʱҪУԼжʹ󾢣˵С
ǰĺ꣬ëʨû֣ȤĿţϾôҪ˵һССɢޣǻ֮еЩӶǾ岻ѡ
ëʨ֣Ҷ첻֣ڵľתԴΪﵽʦ֮ҶѾܹʹת֮еĵת
ӴϢ˲أǧɵӰǰԵ쳹أƺռ䶼Ϊ֮
תˣ
Ȼʹǿ󹦷ëʨɫʱ䣬ƺһŵŶԷ漴
һ̲ǽëʨɫ䣬ҶߵСˮҲһ˼ĿϾж֪嵽ǸʲôĴڡ
ת֣ҶҲǶʱһ𣬵ǺָܿƽһŲԼľתʲôתΨһĿľΪ籨ѩޡ
ݵľ֮ëʨҲˣǸղţǰУϾһССʦ޷ʵ
һȴһˣϾȻžתǿ󹦷һ̽ëʨɫΪء
ëʨΪѾﵽ֮ҲȫϴϣֻںϣγԪ֮飬ͻ֮ﵽ֮ˡ
Ӵ֮ʱȥȻҶľתǿޱȣǱϾΪ̫ͣ޷ëʨ࿹⡣
ʱײһһû˿ҶʱǿϢǿͣ
ɫѲ԰ֽСˮһǵĿǰĺ꣬ҲˣӴ֮˲ȥһڵĶ֡
ǰСˮݣëʨºֻ֣ǿֱܿСˮĹͼٴγ֡
ҶȴᣬֱСˮ֣Ʈ첽ʱչһգ۵ʱ䣬˴ˮʧԭء
жʱЦһëʨҲûԥֱӳ뿪ķ׷ȥëʨٶȻԶԶҶ롣
ΪƾʦڵƮ첽ٶʤߵӣҶеƵǣڵʵǿٶȸǿޱȡ
Ҷ첢֪֮ʹƮ첽ȴһֻ׷Ľëʨɫٴδ䣬嶼΢Ĳһ¡
ĹˣŵϾѧƮ첽СôᣬѲҲŵˣ
ëʨţһ̣ϵɱҲʱɢһգϾŵϾѧƮ첽ݾ͸²͸ˡ
һŵĵӣԼնɱ꣬ëʨֱôȲ˵ŶµĹ涨˵Ʈ첽ľѧֻŵĵӲѧ
ڽëʨӡ֮У˼ƺֻŵλΪǧ겻ľŻ⣬֮ƺû˻Ͼѧ
ëʨкŵλƮ첽ھȻһɢϡ
뵽ëʨٶȶʱϾ̫ɣһɱ룬統ʲô鶼ûз뵽ëʨ׵ͣ˽Ųź󷽼ȥ


231 ֮
ëʨͣˣȴʹҶޱȣΪëʨµ˲ϵǰæһ
ëʨ׷ˣҶҲͣһĿȥӣʵ׷ĺúõأΪʲôֲ׷ˣ
СˮȴûлشһصĿЩ𺳵ʵΪʲôŵϾѧƮ첽
Ҷһ֪̾ԼƮ첽ᱻ˷֣ŵĵӣϾƮ첽ŵľѧ
û˿ҶԼָЮָ֣һɽ£֮н뵽һɽ֮С
ȻԼһʯӣٽű㱻ʯΪӣʯҲϾѧƮ첽
ǰĲСˮɫԽԽأȵҶȫ֮Сˮ㼱ɴʵʦʲô֣
ҡҡͷȻҶǾʯӵĵӣȴ֪ʯӵʵϾʯӲûаԼָ
֪ԼѧƮ첽ж𣿡
ٴҡҡͷҶֻһ׼䣬һССƳǵĳֳŵ飬ô֪
˵Ʈ첽ŵһҲֻԼһҲµòʦпܾһŵ
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ʦһɽ֮ʦ
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һ̾ҶҪɾתжôѣϾڵԼѾﵽʦ֮ȴҲֻ˾ת֮еĵת
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Ϊʲô
˴Ҷ㼱ɴʵϾ˾תͿԴﵽÿһ߶֮
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СˮĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ʧ֮ʱԼĴͺǶʮʮҹȻǰȻһֻô㶼޷Ե
Сˮͷƺ˼ʲôϾҶһԵװ˷ǿϧϾתǿԴﵽ֮ģÿһתǱҲ֮
ǿ󲢲ֻǵʵǿǵǣ½һ仰ǱǾ屻֮ΪӲĶԺȡ
ҪתÿһתҵһǳӴĿռ䣬Ȼͻļޣпߵʵ
ҶҲͬĵ˵ͷǺܿ˱εķ֣ҪҵһĿռжôѣҪͻޣﵽתһ㣬ҪԲ١


232 ֮
ˮ֮һռ䣬֮Ϊˮпռ䣬˵Ӵˮ֮ÿһˮпռһֻҪʱԴﵽ֮
жʱһ𣬴֮ﵽֻ֮Ҫʱ䣬Ҷֱ󣬱Ͼڴ½֮ѾǾǿˡ
Ҫ֮ﵽ֮Ǳ߲ѧܴﵽģҪﵽϾ֮ѧ֮⣬ҪдԵ
ֱһ̣Ҷ춼޷󣬴֮ﵽֻ֮Ҫʱ䣬ƾˮпռ䣬Ҫ֮ﵽ֮Ҳס
ƺǰеɻСˮ˵ˮпռȻޱȣҲֻߴ֮ﵽ֮ҪͻƣˮпռѾܰˣҪȻҸﵽ֮ˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶףΪʲôŵλΪﵽ֮ˣôĿռ䣬Ҫﵽѡ
СˮǲҲҪпռ䣿
ĵ˵ͷٴҡҡͷСˮ˵Ҫпռûȴ뵥һпռ䣬Ϊÿһǧ겻֮壬пռ䣬֮һֱﵽ֮ųء
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ƺǰ겻ţСˮæ˵׻˵ڵһľţӵ֮壬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳһһ¥ﵽ֮
Ҷϳǿҵ𺳣Сˮĸʮ֮ڴﵽ֮Ѿе𺳣ȻҲʮܹ֮ﵽ֮еһ˿˼顣
ֱһ̣Ҷ˽⵽ŵжôǿСˮ˵ʵôʮ֮űӵһʣ档
ʵҶţȫ½һſԱ⡣
ȵдȽ֮Ҵˮпռ䣬ˮпռ֮ڣһͻơ
㲻ĸ㣿
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˵Щˣд̸֮Ҫôܰѽëʨɷ֮ڡ
ҶмֱҪˣһǿޱȵڣȻû׷ʵ벻ͨ
ʵҶ첢֪ʹƮ첽ëʨŹݾԲ֡
Ҷ첢˽ŵСˮˣһʱ֮Ҳף˽⣬Сˮ˽⡣
֮Իû׷ΪղʹƮ첽ϾֻĵܹһΪ֮ʲôϸ𡣡
СˮôһѣҶ˲һУϾëʨڼʶԼƮ첽ûд֮ǰóȻٳ֡
¿ѵҶ죬Ҫ֪Ū˵ʲôҲʹƮ첽
ڸô죿
һ꣬Сˮû˿Ͼ֮ĸ鲢ǺܺãҪΪҶ죬˵֡
Ȼˮ֮ʲô죬ϾͬţпռնɱëʨǲкͬţСˮϲ˵ȴһ˿ǡ
΢΢һ̾СˮҶʵѿǵʱԼƣ̵ļ롣
ǲǲͬɱëʨ
ߣҲᷴпռڣй涨˭пռɱԼͬţͻᱻΪŴá
ŵ涨ʱҶеһ֪е˼žдȣȻΪնɱŵ˶֮ΪʤҲ֡
Ͼ߻ʵԶžʵôǿҲܹܵпռ飬Աƶ涨ŵɱ


233 绢
СˮĻҶжʱһ̾Լնɱ˽ëʨôСˮᱻΪʦţ˭Ҳﲻġ
ҴӦ㣬Ҳɱëʨʵڲ취շô
ǰĺ꣬Сˮ϶ʱ¶һ˿ЦݣϾкҶ֮ԲնɱëʨȫΪԼ
ٴλصԭأëʨźȻֵĶˣҲ¶һ˿ŭΪ˵ıǳơ
пŵĵӣǶڽëʨһ˵ֱܣϾԷֻһССʦ
ӵžתƮ첽ϾѧǵȼϵĲ޷ֲģһ̣ëʨĶɱ
ëʨмҪ
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ܹӮҵĻôұ㳼㡣
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һԿһޡ
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һգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷǰ漴˵ǴӦһսȴû˵ԺһսµɷܹƵôⳡȶ䣬ʱ㴦á
жʱһĻëʨжʱһúõĻһ֮ǰĶԻëʨȻԼĶԻȷʵûԶսǰҲȷ£Լ޷ӶԻ֮ҳκε©


234 һ
ëʨ˵ʲôҶȴѾʧԭأҶ첻ɵϣǹʵĶսٷ֮ٵĻ䡣
ſռڵĵɷ֮ëʨɫԽӵıΪ֣ڿռ֮еľȻɷ֮
ëʨкȻɷ֮ûԵΪǿħ֮һɷֱ֮Сơ
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жʱһ漴ëʨڵ֮תһֳ֮⣬ʵʵĻס塣
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Ȼѡôʣһ·ߣǾѡԤΪëʨԼʵֵסɷ֮Ǵ´ġ
ҲǰսëʨԤһչȻҶɷޱȣǲô˵ëʨΪѾﵽ֮
޾ĵɷӿĳײţÿһɷײϵһ̣ᱻӰ١
һڣҶСˮ֣ϸû¶һ˿飬ƺһ̸ʲôԼסĲһڡ
ŵëʨȻʵǿȻɷö޷ܡ
Ȼû¶һ˿ҶȻһ˿ȣΪˮİкԼµô
Ȼ֪ԼµɷǷܹסһڣҶȴ֪һھ޷ֵסԼ󷨡
ĵ˵ͷСˮɲҶǰޱ飬ϳǵ˵ʦֵʵȷǿһδȻʦһ

ҶжʱһˣΪһ֮УǸ⣬ֻʣ½ŵܹսʤëʨˡ
סʦˡ
̾һСˮϵĵ֮ɫŨϾմ˿̵Σò˶೤ʱëʨƿɷ뿪⡣
Ҷ첢û˵ֻЦЦڵٵתٵӿ뵽ǰĿռ֮ڡ
ҶʹһԵСˮûиеκεľȣϾҶѾԼ飬ߴӡ
ֻռȻһ䣬޾ĵɷöʱʧӰ٣ռ䶼
⻹꣬ռڵٵһγһִûмȴųԵ֮Ϣ
ëʨɫȻû˿ĸı䣬ϾΪﵽ֮ڵתΪ֮
ëʨȡ飬ԵĻ֮һΪռ֮ڵ㳹׵ʧ
֮ڣҶʱɫ԰׵ĵһѪ˲³һƨϣСˮɫǴ䡣
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һǵķϣޱȲ԰׵꣬ЩǵʵСˮҲе𺳵ǣʵֱ̫ǿˡ
ϾӸղҶͷųôǿҪǻԼҪ˵˵Ҷ죬˲ͻᱻɱ
ʵû뵽ëʨʵѾﵽ˳һ֮ĵزֻҪȵдȹ󣬲£ΪԿԴﵽһ֮
ҶĻʱСˮд˶֪֮г˾⣬λŵʵΪǿˡ
ֱСˮв֪ԭų⣬ŵһԭǻŵĻ꣬ųƽëʨڡ
Сˮиһһ۴ʲô˼Ȼһ̵Ľëʨûͻ֮ҶҲ˵ˣ£ëʨΪﵽһ֮
ҶҲһ̾Ҳʵû뵽ëʨΪȻѾﵽһ֮ѾʼںϣֻҪȵ֮Ϊ᳹״ﵽ֮
Ҷ죬ǲѾˣ
ֱһ̣СˮѾٱκλ룬˵Ҷµɷܹסţ˵ܹ۶סš
ȻвԸţҶҲƾԼʵټһֻ߼ˮ붼סëʨ
ǾԼ߽ëʨԼģҶиλᣬԺҪĻֱЩˡ


235 ˼
üͷĿǰһУԺ֮пٵתţҶкһ˵ʲôҲܷ߽ëʨ
ҶиƾԼѾëʨΪ̫͹˽ëʨʵ
Ҫ˵Сˮû뵽ëʨΪȻѾﵽ˻ںϣֻĵزˡ
׸ô죿
Ҷме뵽ʦڣƾʦʵأһ԰ԼסëʨԴӽпռ֮ʦϵѾ׵ĶϿˡ
һŽɫӳԺ֮УҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲȲĴӻȡһŽɫӣǱʦ֮ΪĶ
ղ˵飿
ĵ˵ͷҶСˮֱʱشΪйܹ֮СˮΪϵţҶ˿ʲô
ȻҲ֪ж󣬵ҿԿ϶ԿԱһΪΪ飬ҲŽһħʥѹơ
Ҷûٳɣڵٵӿе֮ڣ漴һӴ˲
ЩĵĿΧĿռ䣬ëʨЩ͵˵ѾƣⳡԼǲǸýˡ
һ㻹ܽ£ôⳡԼˡ
ʱռ֮ڶҶռٴα任Ӵ˲ռ֮ڡ
һɽɫڿռ֮ڣëʨȻֵľʱѱ
˼ۣ
Щɬ˵ëʨʵ벻ͨһССʦһߣǿһһʦܲóġ
ʵëʨ֪ߣҶӵ飬ҲʹôԵһֻ˼ۡ
ǲҪǣ˿̵ȴҶֲã󷨵ļӹǿһ̣Ҷʹ˰˼۵Ĺ
ëʨΪȻѾﵽ֮۷壬ڵĻ֮ҲʼںϣֻҪʱ䵽ˣԴﵽ֮
ǲô˵ëʨΪûﵽ֮һֻʵȣ֮ĲԶ׼
ûи˿ĳɣϾǰһֻۣڵ֮תС
Ӵ֮ӿһգ۵ʱռڵĽɫײһҶ˸еȵǣëʨҲ˿·硣
ֱһ̣ëʨмֱڼˣǲʲô飬Խ֮вûнߡ
ȻпռƣΪֻܴﵽ߼֮ǲô˵Ȼһֻ߼ڣȻ޷ǰȣǲô˵ǰİ˼ֻǻþˡ
ǺѾһֻʤĻᣬëʨҲ֪ˡ
ȫи飬ëʨֶʱ춯أռƺ
ӴԵ֮ײһʱ֮սֹͣһȴǽëʨ
ɫЩ԰ףëʨЩŵĿǰһУʧһȫµꡣ
Ӯˣ̫͹ʵ
ֵǺҶ죬ǰһ԰֮ɫӣҶϲû¶˿ϲãϾܸ˼˿Ρ
ȻӮˣǲǸжԼ
ǰĻëʨɫʱһһ̾ĵ˵ͷ˵Լ֮⣬ʲôҪӦ㡣
ĵ˵ͷҶûԼëʨǩʲôԼϾëʨħЩħһ
ҶкһŵĽԼǩʲôԼĽֱԤϣǾԼԾ
ҲǩԼӲǩκεԼԺҾС
Ļʱýëʨ¶һ˿ȣϾεĶԼˣĿҲﵽˣȴԼǩʲôԼϾǩԼ˭Ҳұ֤Լպ󲻻ᱳѡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㣬֪Ӧһᷴڡ
Ļëʨ϶ʱ¶һ˿ı飬ĵ˵ͷ˵ҿպ㣬ǻȴԣô˵붼ǻŵĻޣѾԲţҸӲûҲԲš
ģҲԻκε뷨Ҫֻ㣬һֻҵޣ


236 ޵
û˿ëʨȻһǿڣô˵ⳡԼ֮ˣΪҶĸࡣ
ҲҶշ֮ΪǿһߣʵҶ첢ǲëʨǩԼ֪ЩŶԼϡ
ǿǩԼȴĳ粻ҪҶһܹݣԳĻĳ
ҶһܹȻûܹýëʨĳȴƲãҲպû뵽ġ
սëʨ뷨ԼҶߣȻѻ뽻ŵӱԣȴҶֹ
Ҷ˵ǣëʨ䵱ԼĽɫȻ󾡿ܵȡл£֮ǰҶ컹ûĻдȵʤһ̣ĵõ˿ǰ͡
ëʨҲûκε飬ȻûкǩκεԼǳԼĽΥԼµԡ
ɷڣȻëʨûҶǩκԼȴ֮Ϸ˺صԣҲҶһ
ܿ죬ëʨŻ뿪ɷ»صԭأȴ˽µȦס
ֱһ̣ëʨжǲţԼȻһССʦϡͿϾû뵽겻һߡ
ȻôţǽëʨкۺʵԲǰСڶһĶ֡
ɷڣֱһСˮ޷ŸղһУϾкոȥǸëʨʵжôǿ
ջǱǰĺշʵѾڳŵЩνŰˡ
㵽ôģ
ҲɷڣҪ飬Ҫսʤëʨֱ̫ܣϾʵ̫ǿˡ
ǽô죿
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˵֮ҶСˮ֣һգ۵ʱʧԭأǰѾ磬Ҷһ
ˮİ£ѾϾһֻ˼ۣǱпռΪҲһֻǿ߼ڡ
үǸڹ˸ôˣ
һ֣һɴʵϾûܹƣǱˡ
νħȻѾħҶ죬ǹȴħѪҺһˣ߲Ź֡
Ҳ֪֮ΪкƾԼΪʵһǿڽëʨĶ֡
ȴ֪ԼǽëʨĶ֣ǰĺȴԣȻΪܸߣһ޵С
ԺԼµĻԼ취Ҫʲô鶼Ҷ죬֪֪Ϊ㱨㡭
Ҷ컹û˵Сˮһõ˵һʼСˮ㿴ǰӲ˳ۣӻħˣӵСˮзС
ʵСˮ룬Ҷ֪һȴû˵ϾħôĶԹһ仰ܻġ
Ҷ׵ģиףȴֻưͳԻʹʣǰԳֽѵŮӣɱ
һȴһˣڳ˶Ǽ֤ҶСˮĻԼҳ֣ôֱԿ϶ǰҲ֡
ȻΪԼЩ͵жʱеޱȣȻСˮĻû˵꣬е˼˭Ҳܹĳ
үëʨǲǱɱˣ
ˣʦҲˡ
Ļû£Сˮһŭ˵Ȼһǿɱֱǰӡ
СˮΪһͬﵽ֮ҪǴ綼һһСˮĶ֡
СˮΪѾﵽ֮һһֻǿİ˼޵ۣиˮˮ顣
Ҳ֪ԼһǰŮӵĶ֣һֱ벻ͨΪʲôŮһֱǰħڶҶˣûбҪŪ
СˮǰǲǶͷϾҵˣϣԺҪ
ҶҲȥˣϾСˮеˣǰ˵Ҳûɱ˽ëʨ
үΪԼ˵һϲȻҶĻٴɫһ漴¶һ˿ΣϾкһڵʵжôǿ


237 «ڤ
ǰ¶ʧ֮ɫҶЩε˵ô˵ڻŽԹֻշ˽ëʨûнնɱ
磬ħҲ¶һ˿𺳣Ƕ޷үôġ
ΪڽëʨΪˣһΪﵽ֮ľţȴǰֻһʦүշˡ
Сˮƺ˵ʲôջû˵Ѿǰǰ䣬Ϊ޼漦޹湷ĵ
ү˽ëʨǿҪõдȵʤָտɴ顣
ĻõħͬϾνдȵǿҲĪڣѾշ
Ҷ컹Сˮϲû¶Ĵħһʤ飬һ¶һ˿֮ɫϾνţҲֻշһ
ǰ˵ı飬ĴħɫʱһǶ֪Ϊʲôշ˽ëʨ˻Ȼôֹۡ
νпռ䣬Ȳ˵ŵĵӣ˵ţ˻ŵĽëʨ⣬ĴħҶΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ĴħҲʱ¶һ˿֮ɫտʼүշëʨ˷ܹͷ侲һȻ
ų˻֮⣬Ĵŷֱǽŵİ죬ΪüӥˮŵĶɣΪ«ڤŵΤЦΪľŵĽ𻨣Ϊ˵Ϊͬﵽ֮
Ȼ֪ŵţǱСˮ˵Ҷл̲סһ𣬶Ĵħϵ֮ɫǿ
аüӥ죬ľ𻨣ˮк«ڤɣнëʨ꣬ΤЦڡ
һ̣Ҷ֪ŵ⣬ڽпռŸһ֪
ʵжŽпռҲǿߣԲܳλˡ
ҶвǵŵĵӣϾԼµɷټСˮëʨԿӦŵĵӡ
ŶԿڣ߻ֻ߼ڣҶôţҲһ˿֪֮
ȲôˣںСˮȥĸڣֻҪŵλǱԳ֡
Ĵħû˿飬ڵͷʾͬ⣬ҶҲûٳɣֱӴСˮˮ뿪ɷ
ȡеĿռĻӰҶһҪıҵٵĵطҲЩɢ޵λãΪɢ˵оԵİսɱҶϵл¡
ܿҶ㷢Ŀ꣬ɵŶӣӰٷ֮ʮֵܣҶЩȵǣ˵ΪȻﵽʦ֮
ΪҶкףɢ޲ͬŵĵӣڵĵӴСĹһЩԼ
ɢ޳ǿԼֻͼĹӲ룬ɢһҪﵽߵľһҪӵѡ
ԵҶ췢ԶΪȻѾﵽʦ֮в֪ΪʲôȻһ˿֮ġ
ƺе뷨Сˮ㿪ʵʲô鵫ľͺã㲻ɱǣ˻ɱβȫշ
СˮĽҶ첻ûÿһ߶ĸԸԼշеԸҲԸ˵
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ȻҶ첢֪뿪пռĺȴ֪һǾ뿪ôֻеȵһдȵĿʱ䡣
Ҷ컹ѡСˮİ취֪ΪʲôŵĵӣûǶɢߣʼһ˿̡
ҲҶԼһɢޣԸ˽һɢ֮жͬҲ˵ľˡ
ȻѾ֪ôҶ첢û˿ԥֱӴһһ뿪ԭأٵĳŶ׷ȥ
ʦҶҲû˿ֱӿżɽ˵ӽңӦúƾǵʵܻ߳пռ䡣
βҶ컹СˮһԵˮ룬ûظϵǿϢǰǿߣжʱһȻж֪˵鲢Ǵ󻰣Լƽ޹ʳǵĸ࣬ôԸ⡣


238 ɽ
ֺֻҪǶ˵һ֣ôȴǵĽֻһǾھ
Ǻܿ˵ɫ¶һ˿ᶨҲһ̣Ҷһ̾Ȼǰʦû˵ʲôϵıѾ˵ʲô
Ҷ첢ûг֣СˮҲͬûгֵ֣һԵˮ룬Ӵˮ֮˲ʶõʱѾ׵ʧϡ
Ҳʦ֮кǿ󣬵Ƕ֮䣬ʦʵֻǸոϾֻдﵽ֮ǿߡ
ʦ֮л·ֱľУеĻ᳤ڵأһöָҲ
жʱһҶ¶һ˿ϲΪˮʵֻҪ䣬һ㶫֮١
ǵϵöɫָȴȻ˿ôֻһͣǾǵڵϵöɫָһöռָ
ռָ֮Ա½ΪϱΪռָֻΪﵽʥ֮ƳΪʥӵֻ֮γ֮ڽָ֮γɶռ䡣
ʰϵöл£Ҷʶ뵽ռָ󣬾ȻԼʶ޷ƿռָķӡ
ռָ֮Ϊʥԭʥƣÿӵпռָ󣬱ѪһߵõռָҪ򿪿ռָֻ취
һ취ӵпռָ䣬ڶ취ߵʵǿǰӵпռָߵʵ
һ̣Ҷʵ޷ӵԼöռָѾ䣬˵öռָѾ֮Լȴ޷򿪡
ôˣ
СˮƺҲµʲôϾָʵ̫ŹˣΪѾﵽʦ֮ոҲֻǴﵽʦ֮
ΪȴѾﵽʦֻ֮ϴ꣬ͻʦ֮ﵽ֮ˣȴǶʦ硣
԰˵ҶʵҪǿд򿪿ռֱָ練ƣһ̣ȴǡǡ෴
϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫҶص˵öռָһУҵʵ޷򿪡
СˮҲǶʱһϾһǿкΪԼĸףҲˮһǿ
˿еöռָ϶¶һ˿Σȴ޷򿪣ֱǸҹˣǰȻһֻô޷Ե
Сˮƺ뵽ʲô϶ʱϲǰĺȲ˵а취öռָ򿪡
СˮĻҶҲʱ¶һ˿ϲϾСˮݲһ㣬½ʵǿ֮һˮŮ
Ȼˮ뱻пռΪȻһֻżֻҪˮ֣һܹöռָ
СˮĻո£ֻһԵϢҶϵĿռָһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷ㷢ԼеĿռָˡ
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ں֮еĺԼѹıأöռָ֮Уʮ֮һ࣬Ҷڸ˲Щ
ΪҶڿռָ﷢û˿ĳɣѿռָڵȫȥ˳
ֱһˮɫսףһѽдűֵ񽣣һһ˫ˮɫսѥˮ
һˮйʺ㡣
ҶԥıеȫǰŮӣȻСˮˮ֮壬ȴˮй˵Ϊһ㡣
СˮҲûԥǰԲҪҶ֮ĹϵѾһˣйܹ֮ѾǷˡ
СˮˮɫսףˮɫձЬű񽣵ʱҶ۾ֱˣΪһ̵СˮѾ̫ˡ
һֱɽɢʱСˮȻ˵ԭսΪսף˫սѥΪձЬ
ȲҪ˵ȵѪ
ĵ˵ͷСˮڿٵôһαѪ˲һΪֱ뵽սסձЬͱڡ
սձЬȫʧĻ輸еı񽣣Ҳʧ֮УˮСˮ˵ϲ
Ҷû˿ĵǣϾѪеڤȣǱڣûκεʶڣҲ񽣻ᷴСˮꡣ


239 ɱ
ˮСˮʵ˷츲صı仯ھһڴˣҲʲô
˼ǰȥϾνпռĸڵӣټһЩɢߣһӵٶߡ
ٶ֮ʣ޼ܹ뿪пռ֮٣ʤ߱űˡ
Ҷԩ·խŲݶԹǧţնɱǧһϣһɱ˶һ
Ҷû뵽ǣһȻǧĶӣνɱ֮𲻹죬ǧŵĶԹܻˡ
νпռǧŵһаӣֻһʣµǴﵽ֮һͣʦûС
ʵҶǧڴ½ֻ֮һţڶʮ֮ǰܹﵽʵ˼ֱ֮١
ǰҲ֪ǧѶѪѰҵģҶжʱЦһֱһǧѷĻᡣ
ǧ֮жԹ
ɢһ˿˿ɱСˮϲû˿ƽʵǧڴ½ϵĵλǧҲ޷һȡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ֱӰԼնɱһնɱһڣǧνԹһһʮȫ˵˳
ô
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ʱһ䣬ϵɱ˲ΪҶкԼɱǧŵĵӣǧҲԼݡ
䱻ôѡֱӳҰҶڵʵҪ˵ԶЩߣǧԣҲһս֮
Ҷ쿴һŮһۣһ˲һգ۵ʱѾ˰ǰû˵ʲôһˡ
תţӴʱҲڰ֮еΨһһûκεôȴˡ
µ˭ǧŵˡ
Ҫɱľǧŵˡ
ǧŵǷ˵ˮСˮֱλȻҶڵʵѾǿ󣬵ȣһ롣
һҶ컹һսǶһѾ֣ǧŵΪѾﵽ֮
СˮеȵǣԼոճ֣㱻һɱĺֹ˵ʲôҲѾ³
һ̾Сˮˮֱӳȥ˵ֱһȺϰĴڡ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ǧŵѾȫɱелҲ䵽СˮУһһ޿ٵĳźȥ
ټĳֻʣһ꣬һ༫ӣ˶ɱĿŶԷƺɱһ
ǰĺ꣬ǧмֱ𺳵˼㣬ΪǺܼɵϾһʦ˵ʲô
𺳵ǲԶۿԼһһޣϾ̫ˣʵ벻ͨǧʲôʱš
µʲôˣǧ޳ԹŪ԰ɡ
򲻵ѣʵڲ֣Ͼܹɱǰĺ꣬Ա߻һһ޶Լ
һɱ
ҶʲôҲû˵ֻǽԼնɱһ˵˳Ϊкܹпռ䣬ôǧŵĵλһ̫ͣȻλ̫ͣôԼնɱǧӵһ֪
Ȼո˵꣬ǧŵʱɫ䣬Щȵ˵նɱүǸˣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ¶һ˿Ц漴˵ǶҸһᣬֻҪܹսʤңôұ뿪
˻棿
Ļ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲӼɴ˵ϾֻһʦΪȴǴﵽ֮ӾͲţƾԼʵսʤһССʦ
жʱЦһڵڤתҶûʲôϻֱӶǰչһϵй
ӸûнĹϣǺܿӱ㾪ȵķ֣ԼĹС
һ뵽Ӷʱŭô˵Լһʵôñڵ̤ǵ׼ȫʱ򣬾Ȼֹͣ˶ԼĹ
ʵˣղֻҵĹʽһս
ǰ˵ǧŵֱоԼϺݺݵһƣǶص衣


240 ϴ
ƾһССʦһսֱЦ
һ̣ǧŵҲڷŭˣһʦһٶ裬Ǽɵߵһһޣѳֽնɱˡ
Ҷƺû˵ʲôڵľתٵתԴΪﵽʦ֮Ѿﵽת֮
ǧӰʱҶϣӴ쳹ռ䣬Եֱѹǰӣһ˿ʱ˼
ת
˵תֵʱ򣬲Ҷһ𣬾һԵСˮҲһľȣϾתĲ֮գӾȻ֪
漴ҲûиٳɣһѾޱֱв֪ΪʲôΪֻʦ֮ȴսһΪﵽ֮ˡ
Ӵ֮˲ֱӰײһһ˶Ե϶˲԰֮ɫ
ҶкƾԼڵʵ޷࿹⣬ϾѧתͲԼսʤһ
ʵҶԺ֮лһ׸ӰԵϹǴս¼ѧսȴҶеεǣ֪Լѧսޱȣȴ޷ɹ
Ϊս¼˵ĺԣսֻӵо߲ſɹоȱ֮һ
ҶиеεǣԼȻ겻о֮壬ǲ֪ΪʲôԼڵоӡ
ȻֻͨԵԼڵߴ֮еѾ⿪оȻûоѡ
оķӡûб⿪ôߴ㲻ܽϣӶս¼֮еϾѧս޷
Ҷ컹ʹսҶʱоԼڵ˲ߴ֮һоҲҪһ
дϲҶʵû뵽һֱΪսȻڵо⿪
ʱҶ˫ۺȻܶʱɰԵֱַ֣ŽľˮڤϢ
ͻȻ飬ѾֵǧиеɻѣһߵСˮǸеޱȣ֪һ굽׳ʲô顣
һѾˣСˮֹѾܣеֻһ˿ϾķչѾԤ֮ڡ
Ե֮˲伤䵽Ҷ֮ϣ˶е˼һĻˣΪ֮޷ƿ֡
Ҳʱ¶һ˿𺳣ûٳɣֱת׼뿪Ϊһ̣ǰϸоһ˿ΣյϢ
ߣȴ˲ߣˮ˫۱ĿǰӣȻûг֣ǿϢѾӡ
ݺݵһԼĿˮûٸǰһϾˮʵˣֻҪһбԽԼ˺顣
Сˮûжӳ֣Ϊ֪ӱҶ죬ߣѾ꣬Сˮϵĵ֮ɫԽŨ
ڵ꣬ɫû˿¶һ˿飬ڵоҵĲƺҪʲôƵġ
һ죬ҶɰԵֶʱ߹ֱ֣ŽľˮڤߴϢ
һ̣ҶӡߴѾȫ⿪Ҳһ̣֮ϺȻơ
Ȼֵƶʱ˸ͿˣΪΪﵽʦ֮ʱ򣬱Լĵ׽١
ҪٴԼĵ׽٣Ϊﵽ۷壬ֻгɹɹ׽٣ôߵΪԴﵽ֮
ŵλǶɹԼ׽٣ȴǵĽһͳ׽٣ֻжɹ׽٣ôߵΪԴﵽ֮ˡ
֮ϵȻ첻ϣߵͬ׵֮˲伤Ҷڣһգ۵ʱ䣬֮ϵƱʧӰ١
ʱҶڵ֮һ꿪ʼתߵͬģ׵֮ϴߴʼϴꡣ
ʱҶ㱻ϴϣһϴʱ򣬲ŷָûиϴˡ
˫ۣҶ¶һ˿ϲϴ꣬ҲԤʾΪѾﵽ֮ȻֻһҶкʦ֮Ĳֱ֮
ѾתѣСˮ϶ʱһϲٵߣĵʵϴꣿ


241 һ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˿Ȼ֪ԼΪʲô֮Ѿϴ꣬Ҷк֮Լܹ֮ͻʦ֮ȫΪս¼Ĺ͡
ĻСˮ϶ʱһϲǾϲͬʱҲٶ֮죬ֱĴڡ
˵ӵʦ֮ڵߴ⿪ֻǲһʱһ֮޷ﵽķֱ֮
Ҷ쿴ǰӣЩĮ˵ڼ֮սǾ仰ֻҪܹʤңô뿪
أ
һ̵û֮ǰĽΪǰֱ̫ˣȻܹԼսͻƾ磬ϴİ취˻һ
֪ΪʲôкȻһٵĸоƺֻҪǰһУܹ׻ɱԼһ㡣
˵ĽӦ֪л⣬ʱҲҪ
ѵΪԼﵽ֮ҿ𣿲Ҫˣֻһһˡ
ŬԼ֮еƽȻоԼƺͿҪˣ˵һһԼġ
ԴϴԺӾȻǰˣƺ߹ɲͬɫϢţԼô޷塣
жʱЦһҶǰŮӵ֣󻺻̤ڵת
ս漴Ժ֮УսһΪΪǿϾѧﵽʲôҶԼ޷֪
ҶȴϾѧתŵĶžѧƮ첽޷ս¼֮еսȡ
һ̣ҶҲûʲôϢֻһ֣ߴһĽγһҶ춼ûмս
ʱ˰Ҷ챾ڵĶ޷鷢ˣֻҶϺȻһ״ɫսףǺþòսס
ҶֻоԼ˫֮ƺʲôҪƿһ㣬ʼûƿһ֪̾޻Ҫǰס
ǲ֪ΪʲôҲԼʵ̫ͣ޻ҪУս׻Ҷ֪Ҫȡô׵ġ
ûڳɣҶָһɰԵޱȵ֮ʱǰ֮ڳ߹ǿϢ
һ̵Ӹû˿սڵ֮תһӴ֮˲
ǳϵǣǧŵͷų֮ʱȴȻת뿪ԭأֱӳǰȥ
¶һ˿ĮЦݣҶ㶼ûж㣬ɰԵ֮ԼϣСˮеȵǣ֮ϸá
Ҷ΢˼£ʱҶдϲΪղžԼսףô
Ѿ֤ԼվŲһڴôҲܵˣ֮µߣڻϿӡ
жʱЦһҶˣƮ첽ʱչֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ׷ǧ
û˿ĳɣֱָӳӼȥֻһƿռƺָһ㡣
ռ䱻һѷ죬Ȼ¶һ˿˿ֲϢˮϵزֱӱɿֲϢɡ
֮ܰ
ʲô֮
ŮߣҶ¶һ˿ɻʵսҲʱеһȣǹɿֲϢֱ̫ˡ
ӵе֮һ̿ʼʱ̽ȥӴ½֮һ˳֮Ϊ֮˵ʥӵе֮ʵǿռ
СˮĻҶ϶ʱһϲǺܿ˱ò̫ܣ֮ʥרУֻһôӵ֮
ȴղǹϢ֮еȴױȵģһû˿ĵֿ㱻Ϣɣ¾ڶ޷
Ҳսʲô֮
ҶԼһһʮĸǰŮӣ֮СˮɫЩȻһ˿ŵı鿴
Сˮϳˣ
ҡҡͷСˮ˵룬㵽׻ʲôˣǲλǿߵת򲻿ܡ
СˮĻȻû˵꣬е˼ȴҲԲҲͬĻҲʹ


242 ս
ҶҲ޷Լ飬Ϊ鶼ԽͣΨһ޷˵Ǳе޻ʡ
ǿ֪Ͼ޻Ǵ½϶һ޶ޣǴ޼˵ĴڣȴԼϡ
Сˮ˿תܼסǰļ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷСˮ˵˵ֻҪ߶ɹԼĽ٣Ϊﵽʾ֮ôһ˾һʱ򣬱ԻӶ
жʱһȻҶ첻֪ҪôǿʵȴһָоǾתûô򵥣ֻҪﵽ֮ǲ֮
ƺеɻСˮ˵ȻΪﵽ֮ϱȴûһԸԣҲͬҲԸ⡣
ȻҶ첢û˵һ۲գĿǰŮӣô˵ŮӶˮŵĴС㣬һˮĸףҲ֪һЩ޷֪顣
תһǴ½޵е񶼲ܴ򡣡
Сˮ֪ǧǰս𣿡
ҶĻСˮɫʱ䣬漴ɴʵô֪սʵģ
ҶҲû˿ԼɽһиѪĹϵû
û뵽ɷΪѾﵽ֮˵һΣҲʦɷһսʦû뵽ǧ겻½ֳһ档
ɷҶ첢ûие˿ľȣϾΪĲߣΪﵽ֮Ҳ
սҲǴӸ֪˵սʱ˳֮Ϊսʣʥ֮µһˣĴţ֮⣬ħĴħڣһһս
˵Сˮƺ뵽ʲôϳ𺳵Ŀǰ꣬ʵ㲻ΪԼսɣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵ҾǲȷԲѯսʵ顣
Сˮ¶һ˿֮飬˵սһ֮ս˴ʣȻǰ˴ܡ
Ҷ϶һ£һ֮ս˴ʣȻսʤˣҶֱ޷սʵʵ״ﵽľ硣
󲻹ĴŻħĴţȻ˰˴ʥֽսѹսɽ
֪ΪʲôҶкȻһǰδеŭӴɱ˲ֱƬأƺоķŭʱ쳹
ǻĽ
صھ֮ϣСˮʱ𺳵ĺƺһܷһ㡣
Ϊʲô˴ŵʥ֣
ҶֱΪ˴Ÿеܣ԰˵һѾܲˣ󵹺ã˴ֱӳ˴ʥսʵǿҲ˴ʥ⡣
Ϊսʳնɱ˰˴ŵİ˴ʣתĻᶼû£ȻתһǰĻᶼûС
ɱĺãĺã޲նɱ˴ʥ˴š
ĴЦţһ̣Ҷ쿴ȥ쳣ķ񲣬ϵɱȻޱͷš
΢΢һ̾Сˮ֣ٵ뿪ԭأϾĶˣһŵĵӱʱֱ
ովҶ㼱ɴʵ֪޻˭Ļ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷСˮ˵˵սеս񽣣ǻ赶ɣսʵĻޱһֻʡ
ĵһҶԼݣԭսתֱһ̣еȫˮʯ
ΪʲôԼһڵߴ㱻ӡΪʲôʯڼ죬˵Լת
ԭҲͬսת֪һ̣Ҳʱȥոյõս¼Ķ
ǵսʵĻޣһֻΪﵽ޻֮ʣҶеɻǣȻԼսתôҪʲôʱܾѡ
֪ΪʲôҶֻоһԼ쳣֪飬һаˣȻնɱʣҪǰ˴ʥ˵սѾﵽʥ֮
սת
ĵ˵ͷֱһ̣ҶлܹȷԼǵ걻Ϊʥ֮µһǿߵսʡ
ٷ֮ʮѾȷԼս˴ŵĳһᱨڣĲΪˡ


243 
ҶĻСˮƺûиеκεľȣսתô˴ŵİ˴ʥѹսʵĲܣӦû
Сˮ֪ɣ겻ѣΪﵽʥ֮һ޷˴ſ⡣
ĵ˵ͷСˮЩǵ˵֪һ֮ܶԿ˴ţȡš
Сˮûаѻ˵꣬㱻Ҷˣ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ漴˵ħöħұõ
ħСˮһ֪ϾħħܣҪѪĹɳҶħҲ֪
ȻСˮ֪ħ򣬵ȴ֪ħģϾֻΪﵽʥ֮ſʥģСˮе˼ǣоȻһӳöħģǿħʥ
Ȼ֪Сˮ룬ҶջûаħϾħֱ̫ΣˣԼİܵκεĲ⡣
ȡеĿռĻӰܿҶٴȷһˣʮڵɵĶ飬Ҳ֪һСš
û˿ĳɣҶֱСˮ֣ʮСڵȥûж೤ʱ䣬˱Ѿվʮ
Ҷеһ˿ȵǣʮ֮ȴһʶǵԼնɱϹϹʬŮӹ
ʵҶлемǰɫŮӣô˵ԼСϹʦޡ
ô㣿
Ҳʱ¶һ˿ȣǺָܿƽòҶҲʱ֪ǰʮ˳ʲôط
ǹϹħڵĵӣôɣǰʮҲڵˣҶиеȵǣʮ֮УվǰȻһΪﵽ֮ħߡ
ֱһ̣ҶвŵĵǣȻڵĵλħѾǰǾȻҲһλš
Ҫ˵ʮ֮ǰﵽ֮ڶʮ֮ǰﵽ֮Ҳܱ֮Ϊţﵽ֮Ǿš
ʦãϵôˣ
ΨһһڿʵȴûпҶһۣϾǰʵ
ڵȴһ۲գĶСˮˮ룬Ͼˮֱ̫ˣżˮŵĻޡ
ĵ˵ͷҲû˿漴˵Ϲɱġ
ɱĺá
ĻʱҶеɻѣô˵ϹǶͬһڵĵӣƺϹǺŴһ㡣
ˮŵˮ@
ǡ
СˮԵޱĮƺҶ⣬˶һ֮ǧ֮ı飬Ҳû⡣
ϾкǰŮʲôˣΪ½ϵĵһţŮʱ߰
ҲΪУȸˡ
˵֮뿪ΪкôԿΪҪԼɱôֱֵ̫ˣϾŮ߸һֻǿޱȵޡ
ԼɱŮӣôҲԲŹԼȻڵĲţֻҪҪˣΪһȥ
ԲԼնɱԷǶԷնɱԼûκεĺôõİ취ǸϿԶŵˡ
ȵȣ߿ԣǲǰелߡ
ڵߣȴ˲ߣɫĮĿ׼뿪ʮˣҶ˵
ĻѾĽŲٴ˻ɫЩ˵ʲôƾʲôл¡
лҲԣôǵɡ
ҶĻ䣬ڣʱЦƺЦһ㣬ɵСˮݣȴŵĵӡ
Ͼνпռ䣬Ҳŵĵӳ֣Сˮ̫⣬ˮŮΪԼûдﵽܹˮ࿹ĵز
һȵĿǰ꣬ӡ֮УֻһΪﵽ֮ˣһȴһڽа塣
һߵŮӣƺ뵽ʲô֮жʱ¶һ˿мڹΪҶ֮ԸҺʦֶԿȫΪˮų
Ůʵ˱ûʵȴűҫˣһ̵Ҷ죬ڹĿˡ
СӣҼסˣҪˮŸھɱ㣬Ȱ㻹УഺҪװ˷ѡ
˵֮ٴŲ׼뿪ΪкֻҪɱǰĺ꣬ôһԵŮһݣϾνпռиҪҪ


244 ͬɱ
жʱЦһǰҶѡһǿڶսһ̲ͬˣԴоѣڵߴѾȫںϡ
Ҷϴ꣬Ϊﵽһ֮ϾսҲѾᣬʵһս
ڵ꣬Ȼڶʮ֮ǰҲﵽ֮ȴֻǸոմﵽһǱǧǿҩġ
ʵҶ첢֪ҲΪƳ֮⣬뿪ǧų֮͸¶ĲУôҶһս
ϾŬʵ뿿ҩʵеʵ֮ĲҲǾ޴ġ
ڵҪ뿪Ҷôô뿪أԵ֮ʱֱӳǰȥ
Ҷ²һ㶼ûдǧνпռС죬ȻҲţǲǰŸոմﵽ֮
ǧкƾʵпռֻѰ·ǧʱ䲻Ѱ챦дȵǰСΪͻ֮
ô˵СΪҲﵽһ֮ڱͻȻ֣жʱЦһ
ȻתӴ֮˲һգ۵ʱݺײһһ쳹صľɢ˵ɫЩ԰ס
ֱһ̣Сʵû뵽ǰĺʵ֮ǿ󣬶ΪֻǴﵽ֮
㵽ʲôˣ
СôɵñڼʶʵжһֲõԤӿͷҲʱ¶һ˿𺳡
ʵ޷ǰʵǿ󣬱ϾʵʱΪֻǸոմﵽ֮
Ƴǳ
ĻСжʱеɻѣϾЩŵĵ˵֮һЩǳظʶ
ƺ֪ǰڻ᲻֪Ҷ첢û˿ĸеȣ漴˵ѡҪȻһսӮߣ˰¡
أ
ҵ㡣
û˿ԥҶٳɣڵսʱתսҲ˲ϡ
ô˵궼һʵڣȻҶһսǲһһ
ȻָԵ֮ʱΪٻ۵ָϣû˿ĳɣֱӶǰȥ
жʱһֱһ̣СףԭԼǵ͹ǰ꣬ǰʵԱһǿˡ
СҲ˿Ĵ⣬ڵ֮תкȻһԵ֮ӿ֮ڡ
һԵǽ˲ҶĳȴôöԸˣսΪʥ֮µһսʵϾѧôöԸġ
ɰԵĽʱٴײһһ˿˿ֲĿռѷٴγ֣ռѷ죬ڵ˶ɵˡ
֮ʥ
һСƴԶȥǿռѷô׶ģʱһ첲ֲϢɡ
СҲû˿ĳɣֱӻеԼϢɵĸ첲նȥһѪʱȥСҲɫ԰׵˵ϡ
ҲһҶҲû뵽ǰһھȻôݣҪǻˣղ취ԼֱնԼĸ첲ˡ
Ź涨ʮ֮ǰ߲ſԽпռ䣬ȻһǿʥΪʲôҪΥ涨ѵͲ¹ͬɱ𣿡
ϵѾﵽ˼㣬ȻС켰ʱնԼĸ첲һ˿ֲϢ˳Ÿ첲ڡ
Ҷ쿴˿ߵСˮĵ˵㣬СˮҲû˵ʲôóˮ飬һӴ͵ˮ֮˲뵽ڡ
ʱ֮Сɫſʼĺʵû뵽ǰȥֻǴﵽ֮꣬ȻǴ½޵еĴڣһǿʥ
ħһսħ½֮ϵʥΪǿĴڣֻϡټֱָͷĹ
ҲʥʥĻҪýпռˣˣôҪҡ
˵֮ҶٴָԵ֮˲뽣ָУʱ򣬹ȻСǰɫЩᶨ˵Ҫɱʦ֣ǾɱҰɡ
ĻҶɫʱһ䣬ĮʵѵΪԼ
صĵ˵ͷᶨɵ˵Ҫɱɱˣûˡ
Ļ䣬һӴɱ˲ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ɱٴʧһԲĿ뿪ԭء


245 Ѫħ
ſȥĺ֪꣬ΪʲôͻȻһǿıˣȴû˿İ취
һƧϿȣҶ˫ֺݺݵһǰʯϣϳһķŭ֮ɫƺղŵѾﵽ޷ܵĵز
ǲϲǸŮӣ
ʱСˮˮ뻺ߣȴû˿෴Сˮϻһ˿ǡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ת§סŮӣҶº͵˵ô㶼Ůˡ
ʵҶҲ֪ΪʲôڶμʱкȻһĸоƺѾʶһ
ҶΪԼһˣȻڵĺ֪Ѿ٣ȴÿһŮˣΨƺһʶĸо
ʵлһ뷨ǾԼǰֻأǲ֮ʲôϸ𣬱Ͼ˴ʥѹ˰
ֱڣҶѾȷԼǵʥ֮µһˣսʵתǱ˴ʥѹ˰
ҪһԼʦߴķӡ̱⿪֪ԼҪܾѡ
ǽô죿
ȥһꡣ
ĵ˵ͷСˮûκεķԣ漴һ޿ٵ뿪ϿȣŽëʨķȥϾëʨѾˡ
ܿ죬˱ҵ˽ëʨ˶е𺳵ǣǰ˽ëʨͻ֮⣬ŵ˶ѱնɱ
ŵϺ˵ʬ壬Ҷֱӿʵ׷ʲô飿
Ȼֵ꣬ëʨ϶ʱ¶һ˿أ˵û뵽ħĴħ֣ҳħڡ
ڽëʨĻҶ첢ûие˿ľȣϾܹŽëʨǰնɱ˻ŵˣħ⣬ʵ벻ʲô˿
Ҷеһ˿ȵǣħνпռȻҲħڣһжħ湦Ҫпռһҵˡ
ħĴħͬʱ֣ҪֵʲôôҲһ׵顣
ĵ˵ͷëʨ˵ħβĴħڣһһֻڣѪħ䡣
ӵĻСˮɫʱ䣬ѿھħѪħ䣬ħҪʲô
֣ҶҲʱ¶һ˿ȣϾǿкѾ൱һǿĴˡ
ֱڣҶҲˣĴټһֻʮ棬ëʨʵôǿҲֵܵס
Ҷеһ˿εǣƾħʵΪʲôûնɱëʨѾ룬Ͼһһվǰ
ƺеɻëʨ˵ʵԶԿħ󲻵ʹѪݲűⱻɱ
ѪħһֻǿʮޣпռѾΪԻʵҲսܰɣ
ȻпռޣǴﵽʥ֮򶼻˲ΪڣһֻѪħ϶һֻĻʵǿһЩ
СˮĻҶĵ˵ͷɫЩͣϾܹħ֪Լħպ󽫻޾鷳
֪ħڵʲôط
֪Ϊ˵ҵħԺ󣬱ٴλһ·ȥ֪ǵĲ֮
ھȥ
ҶĻǽëʨһСˮһĲţϾħпռ˷ͬһ㡣
Ĵħ⣬һֻʮѪħ䣬ʵ۳֣ܽսʤ
ҲҪǵ鷳ֻǺܺЩħڣ֪Ϊʲôָоħνпռ䣬ΪʲôʤӦиҪĿġ
ҶкħôıǮһΪдʤϾһֻʲô
ƺҲ뵽ʲôСˮȻЩ϶˵ѵħΪŵнĹ
˵ǽëʨҶҲƺ뵽ܣϾпռڣһнĹǿŵ
һս֮ʱʬ廹ϵı뵽нĹ֮УʥԴУôͬԴС
ܹҵнĹϾõĴУôħʵ˲ǣʱһͳҲʲô¡
뵽û˿ĳɣֱ˳Žëʨָķȥ


246 
˳Žëʨָ˺ܿҵħڵ䣬Ҷ쿴ħڵʱ϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ΪνпռħڵӣȻӵһʮħߣħӶ࣬ħͣħʦ̼١
ħҶ¿һ£ĴħڼҲһŰħħڣֻнëʨո˵Ĵħˡ
ֱһ̣Ҷȷħνпռ䵽ҪôˣнĹ⣬ʵ벻һɽħ˴εΪ
ħѹһ£Ҷ󵽣˴ħڵΧħڵʱ򣬾Ȼûһ˳
ѪӶˣжˣϾһָ޷ܵ
Ҷû֮зνѪħ䣬֪ΪʲôҶƺڴֻ˵еħǿߡ
Ҷ죬Ǹô죿
ԶڶħߣСˮҲ¶һ˿֮ɫϾħпռбܹǿߣֻޣ˵ħһս
ǧÿһεдȶÿһŸɸģûֹΪŵĵΪƾǵʵԺɨһС
Ҳħǿһ㣬νпռ䣬ħڵĵӾȻûежֶŸơ
ħʵǿ󣬾ӵ󷨶޷֮⣬Խɢ˵ǻԸơ
Ҫħڷֱֿܣħڽпռбܹ֣ħڵĶ֡
СˮĻжֱּϼѣ֣ϼѡ
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ǿ԰ħնŵ鴫֮ȥһֻҪħڣΪԱһֶԸĴħڡ
Ҷİ취ʱõ˵ͬϾڴ˿̻þ£Ҳֻôһ취ʵʩˣҶԼһΣա
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ģƮ첽ħҪ׷ңҲôס
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Դߴںϣϴ֮һ꣬Ϊﵽһ֮֮ҶпԿ϶ۣԼٶȾԿ԰¡
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˻СˮǽëʨʱҲû˵ʲôϾжƮ첽ˣǿŵžѧ
ҶſѧڸǰˣСˮû˿ķǽëʨ˵ʲôҲԸѧкƮ첽ĸʲô
֪еʲôҪסһ㣬ʱ˿ѾŵˣҶˣʲôҪ
ҪûгħڣһǳڣҶҲƮ첽ڸëʨô˵ëʨˣ֮䲢ûǩκεԼ
ëʨڣҶû˿İ취ҶԸȥһѣĽëʨᱳԼƮ첽Ƕע
Ŀһǰĺ꣬һ̣ëʨкȻ¶ĳ־ģ˿ٵѧƮ첽뿪ԭأɷķȥ
ȻڶѾѧƮ첽ȴûᵽƮ첽裬Զ˾ҪҶҲͬ⡣
βҶô˵СˮͽëʨˮͻҶҲûڼ֣Ͼ޵ʵԿԱڡ
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ǻûеߵǧ׵ʱĵͬʱ˹жʱһҶкԼѾˡ
ңֲԾͳ֡
˵֮ҶûڳɣϾѾ֣ñҳԼ󷽷ĳȥҶиеһ˿ȵǣǵ͹ħĴħڵʵ


247 
ħڵħڿȻֵһʱ˵϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣϾѾ˵Ϊ
һ˵ֱһϰĴڣϾνпռħߣ֮гĴħ֮⣬Ű˴ħ
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ޱȵĮĿǰˣҶ˵ǲҪ˭ֻǵǣҪнĹ⣬ŲŹǵġ
֪ΪʲôҶǲǰ˱ɱϾֻҪӴнĹű֪
ʱŻԥ׷ɱˣħڱɽҶҲƾŵʵҲһܹɹ
нĹĸֵʱĴħڰ˴ħɫͬʱˣϾνпռ䣬ǵĿıΪнĹ
ŵˣ
ҡҡͷҶû˵ʲôתٵȥһգ۵ʱ䣬㳹ʧ˵֮С
ȥ׷ҡ
һȫɫЩӺȻ˵һ˿ٵĳȥķ׷ȥܿҲʧǰ
׷ȥڵ֣ΪƾԼʵԶԸһССԱһ׷ȥ
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ǰ󷨣ָɵȻԷֻһССһֲõԤǲļ䡣
ҶȻ֮⣬ǰӣҶһ̾νпռħ߹ȻʲôŮ
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ӵĻҶʱЦĿһ˵ûҪԵ˼ʧȥǡǡ෴ھǡ
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Ȼû˵ҶѾ֪һУԼ²һ㶼ûдħνпռĿҪΪнĹ
ҿԸ㣬֪ΪʲôнĹϵֻҪһ˿нĹϢôҸҿ϶һᱻ׷ɱʱ֮󣬸û֮ء
ĻֵɫʱϾŵ׷ɱҪ˵һħڣҲֿס
ֱһ̣в֪ħ̫С˵µнĹҲΪ棬ϾµнĹ
һ̣Ѿ⣬ΪΪһ֪ǰĵطȻɶ˻ȥ
ֻһ䣬㵽ǲŵĵӣ
ǣҲκһš
˼˵һɢߣ
ĵ˵ͷҶû˿ϾҲһţѪСˮҶûһΪԼѪĹȣˮŵˡ
ǵ֪Լǵʥ֮µһսʵתҶб͸˰˴ţô˵ǧ֮ǰѹľǰڵİ˴ʥ
ֻأÿһ֮ΪϲģÿһǽʦôԼֻȥԶһ˱ӵķ


248 ķڷ
֪ǰȻһɢߵʱжʱ¶һ˿ȣϾһɢܹڶʮ֮ǰﵽ֮Կ˵ˡ
Ǻܿбݺݵһ̾Ϊǰ˵֮ģҲֻһ·ߵףû˿·
ΪкΪ˽пռҵнĹħĴ˶󹦷ҪȻҲɳʮѪħˡ
һǰӵı飬Ҷбһ̾˵Ȼ㲻һսôҾͺսһɡ
Ļٴָе𺳲ѣΪʵˣֻһССôһħ࿹⡣
Ǻ֪ܿĳʲôطˣΪߺȻֻޣֻΪ֮ϵǿޡ
ʱת䣬Щĵ˵Ȼ㲻ŵĵӣܹްæŵĹϵҲһɡ
ʤΪΪܣǿĴħֶԸŵĵӣѵҾͲԸ𣿡
ǰһУһ̣һ˿⣬ɲװ
ȻѱʵǿޱȣʮѾﵽħ֮ͬﵽ߼ޣû˿ȡʤİա
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뿪ȴ룬ûַ߳ԼǰȻһӣǸոձԼһ˵ĻžŽëʨꡣ
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ΪƾǵʵͿ𣿡
ӵĻëʨʱЦƺһЦһ㣬ǰ̫߹Լʵ
ûٶ˵ϻϾ˼ۺ죬˵ΪѾﵽ֮ҶǸŵľţԴֱ൱
Ե֮ţʱȥ˻ûзֳʤҶһֱԱ߹ۿţһߵСˮĵ˵ͷ
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Ļո£ЦƺЦ飬ͻȻһ䣬˵㲻ҪˣҪɱɱɱҾҪˡ
˵֮Ŀǰĺ꣬ʵ벻ֻͨһëʨȴһڣǿͷһ㡣
ʱ䣬ȷԷٶԼֵǣ֮жʱ¶һ˿䣬תٵȥ
Ϊʲôߣ
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Ļǽëʨ϶ʱ¶һ˿أСˮҲһ𣬼ɴ˵ĴнĹ
ҶҲû˿ĵ˵ͷȻѾпռ䣬ôҲʶһĹнĹ
ɫʱ䣬СˮЩǵ˵˵ʲôҲܽнĹΪֻҪһ˿нĹϢô֮֮ء
Сˮ˵ûнĹŵĽأҪ˵㣬ڴˣҲܽȥҾнĹǵʵ޷ƿнĹķӡ
ëʨɫҲʱޱѿô˵Ѿŵĵӣǰĺȴˡ
ʵڽëʨУǺǰ꣬ʦܹܣǰǲܵ飬ķڷ


249 üӥ
Ҷ컹ѡнĹϾнĹǵķĹĴ֮⣬ָʲô
Ҷ׼һѣ½֮һظܹõ񴫳УôҲٵԼظĳԹˡ
ǽëʨСˮֱ󶼲ͬǰнĹȴнĹĻҲκεԥ
ҶŽëʨٵ뿪֮⣬СˮȴǴŻˮ뵽ڡ
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Ҳ˵Ǹ󳬼֮սˣЩ֮УȴҪħĴŵʵΪǿ
ô˵ħνпռбΪʲôдȣĿȴΪнĹ
ĴħڲûնɱߣѰǵ鷳Ĵħڸ֣Ӳʲôл¡
һĴħڲϵѰнĹλڣǲĴħôţʼ޷ҵнĹλá
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ԵħĴŻǷֿĸѰнĹ䣬пռȫƽ
ĴħȻû뿪ɷҶֻŽëʨСˮСĴпռС
ȻڻްңҶкԼŵĵӣʱ򲻹ǽëʨСˮһ֡
ҶҲû˿⣬Ͼܹһ˶ʮˣ䱳żֱЩ̫ܡ
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Žпռľű֮ΪüӥͬһΪﵽ֮ߣұΪ֮⣬һʵΪǿĴڡ
쿴ȻԼǰʱɫѱޱòҲ֪˵׷ʲô顣
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ӣǽëʨСˮǹĶһȻǷֱŵĵӣǰʵĻ֣ǵ֮ǿߡ
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ëʨû˵Ϊ֪˵˵ѾڻŵĵӣӲŵĵˡ
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ʦ֣Ѿţ԰˵Ҳҵʦ֣ǴСҵİҶǡ
ëʨĻɫʱĸϺȻһǿɱƺʱܳһ
֪꣬ԼڸʲôǱʦţȵ֪֮Ҳû֮ˡ
ëʨɫҲޱȣüӥĻҲ֪Ż֪Լһ꣬ôʱ֮ľû֮ˡ
ȻԼߵĺһߣǽëʨкΪ½ʵǿţ֮ҲŸǿߡ
벻뿪£ʲô£
ʱһֱûп˵ҶȻ˵֮г˿֮ɫΪҶкЩνľ˵ԽԵңǾԽӵĿ
ҶĻ䣬һԵĽ֮˲ԵϢֱѹҶû˿ĻţΪ֪Լ֣Ҳ˳ֵġ
ȻüӥȻ֣ëʨʱһ䣬һӰԵĻ֮˲˲ײһ
ɫʱ䣬ЩŵʵѾʼˣ
ֱһ̣жԸţϾʼʲô˼кǿǳ۾ĵһ
Ϊڶˣ֮⣬пܴﵽ֮ıðû뵽ǣǰһֱԼֵӣȻһﵽ֮


250 ް
ëʨҲû˿漴ĵ˵ͷϾһҲûκȥɣУƺñ֪һ㡣
֮У˱Ϊڵ⣬üӥһֱΪŵڶˣԶǵһ̣ëʨҪ˶֪Լǵڶˡ
ëʨе뷨ҶѲµһ̾ʵǽëʨǰüӥΪ˸ŵǸĴġ
˵Ϊٿ죬Ҳܿ쵽ٶȣʮͱѾﵽ֮ٶȣֱÿֲݡ
û뵽վ㻹ǿһҲͬҪ㣬ʵôǿ󣬶ſ⡣
ǸˣҲûκŶԿ뷨
üӥĻǽëʨ϶ʱ¶һ˿ΣҶСˮ϶һ֮ɫ
ʵҶ˽ŵӵ뷨ЩӳŵĵӣĿбǵһλĴڣֻҪ뿪ţôԡ
ڰüӥУȻëʨ뿪˻ţôҲ뿪ţ뿪ֻһ³׷ɱ
Ժˣûʱㆪ¡
˵֮󣬰üӥĵĿһǰĺ꣬׼뿪ʱҶȻ˵ѵΪԼ뿪𣿡
Ļüӥɫʱһ䣬ȻתЩ˵ƾҲң
ǰ꣬üӥг˱֮⣬Ҳֻʣһ˿ȣʵ벻ͨһССȻҶԼơ
Ҷ첢ûüӥתëʨĮʵô죿
Ҳɱ
֣Ѿ˵ڽëʨ뷨ĵ˵ͷ˵Ȼɱôֻнշ
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Ӵ֮˲ëʨҲû˿ĳɣٴսһ𣬶Ҳʱ
ղŽëʨйǣüӥһ൱ڲһˣ֪ԼĿ֮󣬽ëʨȫˡ
ȻëʨѾʼ飬ǱϾûﵽ֮üӥҲѾﵽڵ۷壬ֻһҲԿʼ顣
ʱˮٴγ֣ˮû˿飬ֱһӴˮ֮ǰӡ
ʱ֮󣬲ǰüӥǽ룬ѾεƷǰһһޣҶ˵պҡ
Σǣɱңȵʱпռ䣬һŹǵġ
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ɱ
һ֣ѾҶ룬ϾɱŵˣպľǣҶ첻ðգô˵ŶǴ½֮ʵΪǿš
ſɲʲôƮ칬֮ģҶֱԿ϶ֻҪҪʱ̶ܽԼƳȫ⡣
βСˮǽëʨûֹΪǶкҶ춯ˡ
ڵսʱٵתָʱ֮⣬ŵĵӻûüӦ㱻ֲĿռѷϢɡ
ŵҲûӹҶĽϾҶΪҲﵽ֮󣬳ڣ֮ڣ˵޵еĴڡ
ƾսܹƿռ䣬ǹɿֲϢҪ˵Ҫ˲䱻ɣȻҶ첻֪ǵǲʥӵе֮ȴֻ֪һ£Լսֱ֮
ǲǾ̫ˣ
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ëʨĻҶеһ˿ȣȴûʳڣ޿ٵ뿪ԭأտռĻӰϵĺڵ㼤ȥ


251 쳣
ɱ˽ŵˣϱħĻţνпռŵӣֻʣš
ֱˮţţľţеˮҶкԼսϾɮ濴档
Ҷ쾡ܵĶ㿪ŵĵӣǿռĻӰ֮չֳĺڵ㣬ȴѾʣ¼
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ܿ죬Ҷ˱ҵħ֮һħĵӣνпռħӣӵıΪﵽħ֮ء
ܹڶʮ֮ǰﵽħ֮˵ҲԲص֮ħħ档
ĿԶħˣҶΪС˵򲻵ѣǧҪֻ֣ҪħһܹҵнĹλá
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ҶҲû˿ɨǰѩֱӰ˶ˣƾڻħ˸ûзȻһֱǡ
ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһըһѪɫ񻨳ھ֮ϣ񻨣ħ϶¶һ˿ϲ
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Ҷβûм׷ȥǾĵȴʲôȴȻ˼СˮһɻĿǰĺ꣬ʵΪʲô׷ȥ
ȻëʨûʣϵıѾ˵е뷨ȻڲŵĵӣȴȻнĹ顣
ǻҪЩˣдҪˡ
Ļ˶ʱ˹Ͼղŵľٶʵ̫ˣʲô⣬ҲᾡϹġ
Ȼûмʱ䣬νпռĸŶۼŵ⣬Ҳֻʣظңţڡ
Ҷһ£νпռţţħĴ⣬ʣµԼԼȫ䡣
ҶеȵǣٴμˣɽԼֵͯܣȻڵļ׷ɱҶڵҲԼԹںãϾ˼һ
໥ŶԷԷ֮ûκһ˵ſٵĳĴħʧķ׷ȥ
ڵĵӣΪ׼뿪֮ʱȻ˸ʶˣ겻֪ΪʲôĪһϲ
ΪֻҪﵽ֮ʶҶΪѾϴ֮һ꣬Ϊﵽһ֮һҲʶ
֮ڵ˵Щʲôڵ˿ٵ뿪ֻһվԭصȴʲô
ŶѾȥҶŻ˳ȥŮǰҶֱʵû뵽Ҳпռ䣿
ĵ˵ͷ϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ˵㲻Ҳпռ𣿡
ƺǰȻ֣겢ûие˿ľȣһ֪һ㣬ҲҶиеһȡ
ҲҲ˵ˣнĹ쳣ԣòҪȥŵ˱ɡ
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ҲŶҲпռˡ
֮͸¶һ˿һ̾Ҷ֪Լ˵ʲôǰ궼ıԼע⡣
֪ںѸı㣬ҪסʱʲôΣգұɡ



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252 нĹ
껹ĵ˵ͷϾνнĹͬСɣһñٲνпռ˵ʲô
Ϊﵽڵ˶֮˸Ӷ࣬˿ٵĳǰȥҲҶ
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ӵ֮κһֻ֣ҪΪǿֲġ
Ļ˶ĵ˵ͷȴһ֮̾岻һ֣һĴڡ
֮һҶӡ֮Уƺֻŵ֮壬ʦƺҲֻ֮ˡ
Ҷ죬ȹȥˣʱнĹҲҪСġ
˵֮ٵ뿪ˣô˵ҪԼһ𣬵뿪֮ʱ껹¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҫпռ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ漴ҶɻĿǰŮӣ֪һˣΪʲôСˮ
˵нĹǵִޱգ붼׶༪٣ԡ
СˮĻȻû˵꣬е˼ԲСˮֻҪ֪˽нĹôžԻ᲻ݡ
ҶҲнĹǰӴһ£ôպԼԻں޲ѣŵ׷ɱҶֲܲں
ǿ֪Ż𣿡
Ļո˵꣬ëʨСˮ֪е˼ֻҪȥôԼһнĹϢôҲ̸֪׷ɱǡ
ҡҡͷëʨɫص˵ҿԿ϶пռǸ֮⣬ҲûеڶнĹûУǾͲö֪ˡ
ëʨĻʱõ˵ͬҶ컹ǾԽнĹΪʧȥᣬӲԼڵ顣
˿ٵ׷ȥʱ򣬾ŴŶѾռһɽǰʯ±߰ڷһ˶ʯʯднĹĸ֡
ǰʯϵнĹĸ֣Ŵ֮г֮⣬ڵĵ϶¶һ˿ϲ
ʱŵţţľţˮŵ˿ٵʯǰĿǰˡ
ǰ˴ţľŵڣ˵Ѿ涨μдֻпռ䣬ǲܽнĹ
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Ϊ˲һѡдпռھУȴûһ˿ĵǡ
Ȼŵ룬ȴҲûһֻ֣ҪнĹôֻҪ뿪пռ䣬ű֪ҲΪʲôŻ˵ķŽпռԭ
ֻǹ涨дпռУȴûй涨ǲܽнĹ첻ôһҪȥ˭ݡ
ħħڶʱ˵ûҵнĹڴҲͰˣһнĹڴǰǷֱ̫ܡ
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ĴлֻҪڵ˵õôдȲûдﵽŵԤĿģ˵ȫˡ
һ̣Ҫ˵ĴţĴħڵĵ֮УҲΪﵽħ֮ˡ
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ŵĻѾħɱֻʣһëʨڻҶˣŵĵӡ
ŵĵҲѾҶɱڰüӥҲҶסʣµֻˣޣҲֵܵڵĹַͬ
ϾĴԱߣȻĴνпռĵʵЩǷףҲͬڵǿڡ
ʱطôһվߣһ̣˾޴ջĴһվħһߣϾĴԼջħһû˷ֱ
Ҷȴû߳ȥȻڵʵѾǿ󣬵һ̳ȥĻһǣŴ֮Ķ֮С


253 ѩϼ˪
һĴ˵ı飬ŵ˱Ѿ֪ĴŰٷ֮ٲվԼһˣҲ˸еһ˿õԤС
ƽʱԵҲˣҪֹǽнĹܹɱǰڣǾ뿪
ԣ뿪ǾҪˡ
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ħڵ˼ŵȻнĹڴʱһɱϾĴħҲվǱߡ
ʱĴħĴŻĿʼ£ֹǣ˴űһԸŵ˼
ѵҪŶԵУ
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ΰ˭Ҳûٿڣÿһ˶Ŀǰˣֵ˼
ΪŻֹȥʱŵпٵ뿪ʯǰվһ߿Űڵĵӡ
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ϾнĹĽأҪпռƣ˵Ѿпռ䣬̽µнĹˡ
ô˵нĹĹأ治ĴУǿҲнĹһֱŵһĲ
ŵѾ㿪ûٳɣֱӳǰʯȥҶҲٸϣŵĵӿëʨСˮ֮ʱ϶¶һ˿⡣
ˮŵĵӣȻνпռˮСˮ˶֪ȴǶں«ڤɡ
ŻŮӣ«ڤеֻһ˿ΣСˮѻָòľòû¶ȻȻ󲨡
Сˮ㵽ȥʲôطʲôˣ
ӵʻСˮ֪ԼܶȥͽëʨһϾô˵ˮŵˣһӶܳȥϵݡ
Сˮ«ڤǰ˵ʲôҶƺ뵽ʲô϶ʱ¶һ˿ã漴Žëʨ˵һȥһˡ
ĵ˵ͷȻû˵ʲôǽëʨȴ֪ȥҪʲôϾпռڻĴħûи
ȸϰڣһʱǲܽнĹҸϲĻǼסһ㣬ǧҪ˽ԽнĹ
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Ѿʧĺ꣬ëʨҲٵǰֱ˵˵ӽ쿪ʼ˳š
ĻһըʱˣСˮ֮⣬ŵ˶һŵĿǰӣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˵
ϾëʨˣŵľţʮѾﵽ֮ڶΪһεĻ
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ëʨǲǷˣϿջظղŵĻֻû
ΤЦе˵ڵʽѾŲһǱΪŵˣһ̽ëʨ˳ţǸѩϼ˪
ҡҡͷëʨϸû¶һ˿ᶨ˵ǲҪ˵ˣ˵ȥĻҾԲջأΪ˱ŵ֮ʱһһæ
ëʨ㵽׷ʲô飬֪Լʲô𣿡
ոպСˮ˵껰ĺ«ڤȻ˵˵Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫϾҪ뿪ţûŵϿɣôɾǱš
ڱŵĵ˵һŶֻһ취ǾǽɱʲôţҲͬѲ
Ѿ֪ѾŵˣҲȰңȥѾ
˵֮󣬽ëʨû£ǿٵĸŰȥŵ˻˵ʲôȴСˮֹˡ
ǲȰˣҪô죬ðڵ˵õнĹĶôš


254 
˻ŵ϶¶һ˿֮ɫϾõнĹĶôҪסµһڵЩˡ
Ѿʧİڣŵ˲ûм׷ȥȻѾҵнĹڴһʱȥ
ڵʵֹڽнĹܹ֪ͨԮǸް취
ź«ڤɵĻŵ˶ĵ˵ͷŵ˴һ£ȻֹڽнĹô䲻ֹ
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ʱİ˴ŵǿ߶ƿнĹڣϾͨʯںߵнĹֱҪջˣĹء
ʱ󣬰ȻûднĹҶĴħȴ˻нĹûд򿪣ȴû˿ľȡ
нĹô״򿪵ĻôǰμдȵѴ򿪽нĹˣҲҪȵڡ
ëʨ˵Ĳֱߣĵ˵ͷˡ
Сˮȴûд뿪ţϾڻˮŵĵӣëʨҲҪˮš
Сˮˮŵͨӣôû˿˭ˮŮҲעЩ鲻ܰԼ졣
ҶȴСˮ֮УпռڣôһֹϾҪнĹˣգɲԼİߡ
ǰҶ˿ܻɱ˵ֱСˮԭķȥһۡ
ҶͻȻٶСˮһԭصĽëʨһĲ˼飬Ͼڻںޡ
վסʲôˣ
仰˵ͰŮߣˮŵĺ«ڤʱŭľٶֱǲǷ
Ҷûֱ߻ԭزŻתŲԶŵӣĮ˵ҵӣȻҪңѲɻҪǲɡ
ҶĻʱԯ󲨣Ļո£ˮں«ڤ漴ˣӴ֮˲
ҶվŸûжΪкԼĻҲ˻֣漴һ֮Ҳ˲
֮ʱײһһصھ֮ϣڵ˸۶ûпһۣȻȫƽнĹڷӡ
«ڤΪֻǴﵽ˶֮Ȼʵǿ󣬵ҲΪѾﵽڵĽëʨȡ
ɫ԰׵ĿŲԶӣ«ڤЩŭغëʨǲǷˣ֪Լٸʲô𣿡
Ǻ«ڤŵĵӶһŭĿŽëʨ֪һӵ׷ʲô衣
ڵһ죬Ͳ˺үһë
ëʨ֮һɽؼ䣬ƺûκζܹŲһ֣Ҷ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ֮ǰëʨѾӦкëʨֻϷˣȴûзһ̽ëʨڳԼΪүôѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
ëʨ㲻Ҫң֮뿪ţΪСӣ
ͬһŭĿǰļˣЩȵ˵û˿ëʨĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
«ڤ֣ȴֹˣϾʵǽëʨĶ֣ˮֲں«ڤС
ôҶˮŵˣҶߣʦ־Ͳùˡ
ʱһֱû˵СˮȻ˵ҲܾǰȻΪǲ֪ΪʲôԼȴһ˿ķŭûУЩϲ
СˮĻŵû˵ʲôϾˮŵ飬ˮŵĵ⣬ŵ˸û˿˵Ȩ
ˮŵĵҲû˿İ취Ҫˣ«ڤй̵ܽȨһ̳µȴˮĶŮҲܶŮӺǳʲô
Сˮô˵Ҫһ䣬·ͬСɣҪʦ֪Ӧ֪ʲôҲ˵ˣ֪С
«ڤ̾ϢһҲûȥŮӵ飬Ͼһ̣нĹġ
ֻҪٹãԳ׽нĹķӡʱнĹһðڵ˵õ񴫳УôǾŵˡ


255 ֮
Ŵڲʱͨʯڶʱһ쳹صľ죬һ˶ʾųǰ
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нĹķӡ⿪ŵ϶ʱ䣬ŵҲȥܽëʨСˮ飬ֱӽʾ֮ڡ
ͨʯ£ֻʣҶ켸ˣǰʾźѾʧˣҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
үҲϿȥɡ
ǰĺ꣬ëʨ֪һôˣϾǰнĹĶȫÿһ߶Ҫõġ
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ҶĻʱҲ¶һ˿֮ɫô˵ҪнĹֱ׾٣ȴһֱûг֣Ѿ˵ܶ⡣
ү˼˵нĹµһȦף
ٴҡҡͷҶ˵нĹģһŰΰڽнĹ׶༪ˡ
үǻнĹ𣿡
ΪʲôȥһԵܹõнĹĶʱǱһɳ죬ǽнĹ˭Ҳš
˶ĵ˵ͷëʨû˵ʲôϾνнĹͬСɣһñɥ֮ڡ
ҶɫصĿǰŮӣᶨƵ˵ھͽнĹߵǡ
УҲһҪȥ
ҶĻû˵꣬Сˮ㼱ɴ˵ǰ˼кԽԽҪнĹ
ƺ֪Сˮ˵Ҷϲû˿ľȣ˵нĹһ쳣ҲϣʱκεĹǣ㣬𣿡
һᶨ꣬Сˮһ̾ΪкԼһѾٽнĹˣ˵ҲȥҲУҪˮߣи󡣡
ĵ˵ͷҶԥ˵ˮҴߣߣĸҲ£ʲô龡˵ܹһ
ʱΣգһҪԼܣˮһ£ô˵Ҳǡ
СˮĻȻû˵꣬е˼ȴԶ׼漴Ҷ˵İɣܹǣһ
˵֮ҶûٳɣϾŴŶѾнĹ漴Žëʨٵʧͨʯڡ
ĴħԼȫѾʧ꣬СˮĴħٵ뿪ԭأصɷڡ
ʹâһҶ˱һĿռڣովҶ죬ëʨ϶֮ɫ
û뵽нĹڵŨ꣬ͻ֮Ҳûпܡ
ŽëʨĻҶȴû룬˵ȻŨޱȣûзһ㣬Щһ
ëʨȻ֮壬ô֮ҶȣҶܹܵռ֮УĲ֮ͬ
Ҹܲ
һ̾Ҷ뵽ҪԼ޽е壬ҲԲܲпռĲ֮ͬ
ԣҪûв´Ļͻƾ֮գҲ֮ա
Ļʱýëʨɫ䣬ȴû˿ĻɣϾ֮㹻ġ
үô죿
˴һ֣ҪȻһƣǸɡ
˵֮˿ٵĳǰȥûжãҶѾ˰ڵӰеȵǣŵĵȴ
ûöãҲٵ뿪ˣħȴû뿪ȻһħҲ֪˶ĵ
˵Ĺػʲôط
ү֮ĹطֱнĹ򣬲ĹأҲΪʲôĹнĹԭ򡣡
ΪʲôŲнĹ
ÿһŶɳĵӽнĹȴûܹȫ뿪нĹνпռ䣬ҴŻ飬ܲҳнĹİء
漴ëʨѻ齻еĻ飬ֱһ̣ҶѾӵ飬ֱǻˮ顣


256 
Ҷ첢û˵ʲô鿴ǰڣҲ֪ĸͨϾĹطֱλ
үߵĲ
ëʨĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻ󣬵ջĵ˵ͷҲûʲôֱӱ㳯ߵĲȥ
ܿ죬˱һĴɽǰɽֱŨҵһֲֿĵز
󡣡
ϳ֮ɫϾ֮壬ĸ֪ҪǿĶ࣬ëʨֱԿ϶Լ꣬ԿԴﵽ֮
ҶȻû¶ϲһ˿֮ɫ˵ǧҪĻʱ롣
жʱһ漴ëʨֹͣĻȻ޷֪еԭ򣬵ȴǰĻ
ȻҲ֪ʲôطԣҿԿ϶ֻҪһ鷳
үڸô죿
ȻëʨĻȴȻЩʧϾĻ֮ŨңѾ֪Χ
ƺǰеĲᣬһ̾Ҫ˵ǽëʨ¾ҲֵסջҶ˵ûа׳Ե͡
֪ˡ
ȥܷܲʲô
˵֮˳ǰĻɽȥñ˻ɽۣ֮һɽ˱㿴ɽ֮һʯ
ʯдţħһսʧֻ֮ܲдսȻ죬ֻܳڴˣдŻ
ʯдģëʨɫʱ䣬һŵ˵
ҶƺҲµʲôȴȷϾ룬ôнĹλҲ̫ˡ
ƺеɻëʨ˵ħսħʹħ˲ֹܹȻ޷Կħ󣬲ǿƷħ
ëʨĻҶȴģΪʯдĺħһսʧֻ֮ܲдսȻ죬ֻܳڴˡ
ʯµĻѾ˵˺ܶ⣬ҶԼµĲ֮ǰħһսһ
ȻҶ컹޷֪֮ǰ飬ǴһϿ֪дħħ
үӦþ֮һĹأû뵽ôҵˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶȴһ˿õԤУϾĹǲе̫ˣԼûʲôѾҵˣʵЩ˵ȥ
ңûн뽣Ĺڡ
˷ֱѰǲôңȻ޷ҵĹأëʨɫصĿǰɽۣ˵ڴʲôط
ҶͬɫεĿǰһУҲĹصڴûиеκεľȣϾĹأҪôҲ֡
ү
ʱ򣬽ëʨϲŽëʨָĵطȥҶʱ֣ԭʯϻĸֵ·һԲСס
˸еޱ𺳵ǣʯϵС״СȻͻĴСһģһƺһģ̳һ
û˿ĳɣ漴Ҷӻȡ飬ԥİѻӡȥСӡС֮С
һ漴ʯʼҡʯʼתһգ۵ʱ䣬һͨڶǰ
϶ʱһϲΪǶ֪ͨһǻĹأǿΪﵽ֮ǿڡ
ʱʮӰȻǰһˣҶɫʱΪȻֵ˲ǱˣǴ½֮һڣС
û뵽нĹҪſԴ򿪣̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
ʱڵĶȻ˵֮͸¶ľϲΣϾܹҵнĹڴֱһľϲ
ƺ˵ʲôȴֹҶ˵νзݣȻǾһȥɡ
ǰĻʱͷЦʶʱΪܣ֪㲻κһţԸ⣬ڵĴԶΪ㿪š
ĻҶ죬궼һľȣһ̣ԶֿټʮӰһգ۵ʱ䣬ʮӰѾɽ֮ϡ


257 ԩ·խ
ʮǰ֮ʱʱ䣬Щ˵ԭظû뵽ıӻ湻ġ
ظĸ֣Ҷжʱһ漴Цһԩ·խֱǻǵظɱ˵顣
Ҷкظ֣ôԼҲһظˣϾһѵĻᣬȵпռ䣬ҪҲ֪Ҫȵˡ
ҲʲôȻ֮й涨νпռȴǸƾ£˵أ
Ļ䣬ԶٴμӰûжã˱Ѿɽֱۣһ̣ŴѾȫۼ˻ɽ֮ۡ
Ҷʵ벻ͨΪʲôԼոմ򿪻ĹأŴűȺ˵ɺϣɲš
ֱһ̣ŵ֪Ҳֹ˴ţϾнĹͽǰҪ˵ڵˣԼЩĶ
õ֮κһ˵ĴУֻҪȫ񴫳УôԼһλʱųͷҲΪ
ʱ򣬲֪˭һʯ֣ŴŰڵˣٳʯȥ
ħһսʧֻ֮ܲдսȻ죬ֻܳڴˣдŻ
˴ŴŵҲ֪ʲô뷨Ͼ֮ǰһħսħǿ߶Ѿ
ŵĵӿʯд֮ɫһ֮ɫϾʯϿħ
֮ǰһս½һֱʤˣΪʲôȴʯ˵ˡ
ħ˶û˵ϾڵĴ½֮ϣħѾûڡ
ûʥڣ½֮ϸӴԾʥҲѲڣҶȴŲ֪Ѫ߹ѪĹڱһħʥ
û뵽ǣŵ˾ȻһĹأһգʱ䣬ŵбѾʧС
ģǱ޳ڿǽнĹǵȻһҲߡ
ħħһĵ˵漴ħҲٵĽͨڵĵҲ̽롣
ʯǰֻҶ죬ëʨûиһ뽣Ĺ֮е꣬겻뽣Ĺûжʲô
ô֪ҵ˻Ĺأ
Ҳ֪ڸղţľ֮϶ʱһǿĻϢʦ˵нĹѾ򿪣Ǿ͸ˡ
ĻҶȴǸеɻ󣬱ϾղԼû򿪻нĹʱ򣬾֮ϲûгκε
Ҷ죬ҲҪнĹ𣿡
ǰŮһǵĿԼҶĪһ漴ĵ˵ͷ˵Ѿһȥʵ˵ȥ
˵ʲôҶȴһ˵ʱнĹ㲻Ҫٸڣ͸ҵ߰ɡ
ǡ
нĹһգҲֵͬܵסֻߣҲŰġ
ջĵ˵ͷҶޣô˵ɲԵ޹ʧȥޡ
ȻҶڻ޷֪нĹ֮еʲôһɲõԤȴʼղҶ첻ò׼
ҶĴɫս׻ǶʱϣϾҶۼʶԼս׵
ϵսʱëʨɫٱ䣬ЩٵʵүΪʲôս׵ģ
ëʨɫҶҲһ𣬲òҲ֪ǰ֪Լս׵ʵ֪ս׵
ĵ˵ͷëʨЩݵ˵Ϊսףǵ޵սʵĻףԴսʱѹ֮սҲ֮ÿһ߶ϣõսס
ȻҶʵս˽٣
˵սһ֮ս˴ʣȻ˴ȫɱҪǰ˴ʥսѹսɽڣ˵սʻֱɱϰ˴Ҳ˵սҲ˳֮Ϊʥ֮µһˡ
Ϊʲôûвμһս
ҲҶ޷ͨģϾ½Ŵţ֮⣬ڶμսһսҶɲĽ
Ϊŵ걻֣ǿ߶ֵ֣սҲûҹŵκ鷳


258 н
飿
֣Ҷжʱһ֪ΪʲôǸоԼʶĸоʵ鵽ʲô
˵飬ëʨɫҲʱԵޱأЩε˵˵Ǵ֮гģȻΪߣӴ󣬶иǿа飬ħ顣
ĵ˵ͷҶ˿ٵĽ֮ͨڣͨһֱߣԼʱһһ޼ʵĽĹ֮С
ŵϵҶжʱһΪϵЩΪƣأĸȼ
ҶеЩȵǣϳ֮⣬һؼԶǻ
ھŴѲӰϾнĹʵ̫ˣƺһռ䣬ʲôĹһ㡣
үһѺʵĻ
ŵϵΪѾﵽ֮ĽëʨҲɫݣϾһѺõһ˵ֱ
ҪҴһѺԼֱͬ͸ˣԽëʨˣЩԴﵽؼ֮
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûзʲô˵㣬סǧҪСģֻһѱǸоʲôͬ
ס
׿ϣëʨɫʱϲ漴ٵԱߣŵϵıһʱ֮䲻֪ѡһѡ
ڽëʨѡʱҶٴóеĻ飬ڵٵӿڣʱһӴĻ֮˲
һգ۵ʱ䣬Բʮĵطȫ֣֪֮Ҷʲô취ʱʮѻɫǰ
ЩɫĻڵؼ֮ëʨû˿ĳɣٵЩؼǰԼһѡ
ܿ죬ëʨҵһѣͨɫƷѾﵽ˵ؼ۷壬һӳһԵĻн˲
ǽëʨҶҲĵ˵ͷҶıԭȵ뷨ֱӰЩؼչ黳С
үҿЩʱҲԾõװƳǣʹƳǵĸǿ
룬Ҷĵ˵ͷƮ첽ʱչһǧչ鵽еĺ֮С
Сĵ㣬һĽĹ
漴˿ٵĳǰȥҶиеһ˿ǣΪڽĹ֮лأȴһ¶ûС
ܿ죬˱ҵظˣԴӽнĹ֮󣬾Ŵֿħڵ˶ûһ
ŵ˸ļ٣Ͼ˴Ѿ˻нĹһ˴ŵõ񴫳Уʱ롣
һڰ֮ǰϣܹһõ֮һĻĴУǳȥ֮Ҳǡ
ѰһĹȵ˵еҪ
ʱͣ½ŲĿԶĶʮˣɢһ˿˿ɱϾԼļ˲ظ֮С
Ҷ죬ظжԹ
ɢɱɫҲ΢һ䣬ô˵ظǴ½֮֮һʵ֮ǿԱڡ
Ҫ˵һ˵Ҷ죬ĳţҪԸظһ׵飬ų֡
ѿŮ룬Ҷû˿ĵǣ˵ߣһʵﵽһزȥ𣬵ɱظˣȥ֮м˻֪
ĻҲȻˣϾ˵ĺܶԣظʵôǿҲ֪пռ֮ڵ顣
Ǻܿٴ¶һ˿أֱԲ˵νпռ䣬ظɳһ򡣡
֪һἦ֣ǶٸԶԿëʨˣľ콫
Ҷո˵꣬ëʨ˵үģʵȻҲǿ󣬵ſԽնɱүھͶ𣿡
ҪһǳҪΡ
˵֮Ʈ첽ٴչһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾʧԭأ֮Ҷٴλصԭأ˵ȥ𣬲ʲô취һҪնɱˡ
ĵ˵ͷëʨҲû˿ֱӳǰ˼ȥһգ۵ʱѾǰ
ովëʨɫЩĵ˵ҽҪȡԼȡ


259 
ȻֵӣҲʱһȻΪѾﵽ˶֮ǰȴһΪﵽ֮ˡ
ȻֻһȼĲ࣬жףڸ࿹⡣
Ͼֻϴ֮еǰǣȴϴȫǣȻֻһʵȴԶ
Ѿǻŵˣ֮ҲûޣûбҪŪ԰ɣ
ëʨŵھŴ֮ڴϾŷͬСɣ򲻵ѣûԸš
϶ʱ¶һ˿ëʨЩɱ˵ֻܲݣԶһսһս
ӵĻѾ֪һսѾɱ⣬ٵĳԶȥϾڶսһ꼰㡣
¶һ˿ëʨҲٵ׷ȥû˿ĳɣڿٵĴսһ𣬾֮϶ʱ춯صϢ
˸ո뿪ҶظǰʵкԼǳҲɱǰЩˡ
ҶȴԼµ󷨣ǳۣ֮Ҷû˿ĳɣֱӷǳ
ظʣµĶʮ˿ȻֵĶˣûиеκεľȣϾܹпռĵӣ֮ڳ͡
Ǻܿʮ֮Уûһ˵ɫܹ򶨣ΪŵĻȫ˵ɫˡ
ǳ뷢
䣬ϵɢǿϢֱӳмĶʮȥռ֮һ̶ɽ
ظ˻ֿʲôһգ۵ʱ䣬֮⣬ʣµ˶Ѿ˲ɱֵĻᶼûС
ҲǿֿǳȻǵΪѾﵽ֮ǲҪˣһ̵ҶҲѾϴ֮һ꣬ΪҲͬﵽ֮
Ҫ˵ҶڵΪѾﵽһ֮ûдﵽֵ֮ܲܵסһδ֪
Ͼڴ½֮ϱ֮ΪǿޱȵĴڣΪ߿ƾ󷨵ǿԽɱС
ħ֮УҶƾŰԾŹ󣬻Ѫİ֮ΪշħħʦһΪﵽڵĽëʨ
ǳڿȻûб򽣴ģҶʱһ䣬ڵ֮ٵӿ뵽֮ڡ
Ҷɱģظôٵֿȥһգ۵ʱ䣬㱻򽣳׻ɱʬ嶼û¡
Զľ֮ϣȻĶսţԽëʨʵӦնɱ𣬵ǽ֮ëʨŷ֣ǰӵΪȻҲﵽ֮
Ȼӻûпʼ飬ڲ֪ʲôȻܹսƽ֣ýëʨд󾪡
Ǻ˰ƱҪǲܾնɱӣôʱô꽻ëʨȡ˸ոյõĻ
Ӵ֮ӿ֮У漴˲ÿһ˰ԵϢƺһ̶˺һ㡣
ýëʨȻе˼ǣԼǿһУǰӾȻֵ¿е̫ˡ
Ȼû飬ǽëʨ֮飬ʱΪԴﵽ֮
Ϊﵽ֮ҲһѾҪﵽ֮࿹⡣
ʱҶѾ˴սĵطȻûնɱ˵ĽëʨҶжʱˣνëʨ˾С
û˿ĳɣҶڵսٵתָһֲĽ˲һգ۵ʱߡ
ֵһ̣ëʨѾ֪ѵӷĹĺȻ֣û⡣
ϾһǰһһиһЦܿЦˣΪ䵽ϵʱڷ˲֮
֮ܡ
ʱһ̵֮г˾֮飬Ͼֻ֮Ϊﵽʥ֮ӵС
һ̣һССȻʹֱ֮е㲻˼飬Ҫ˵Ҳʱ󾪡
ʧ֮ʣëʨˣȻҶս콣ޱȣȻ޷ɱһڣϾΪ֮Ĳǲֲġ
ץᣬëʨٴʹǿһУһն£ʱ׵ʧؼ䡣


260 ײ
ԴˣνظпռѾȫ䣬ظ֪Լпռ˲ʲô֮£Ӳڻ֮£һУ֪θ롣
ظκ˶֪пռ飬ҲնݳôҪ˻㱨
Ŵ֮һظѾ䣬ʣµİڸԷɢϾѾҵнĹ˵ûϣԼõнĹ֮еĶǾƭ˵ġ
ϾֻҪõнĹ֮Уκһ˵ĴУԶ£ûڵ磬һ񣬲òҲ֪
Ҷȴûһ˿ϲãΪܿ㷢֣ĽĹ֮У齣ҽĹ֮кȻһ˿
ɫʱ䣬ǰҶԼʶʲôǾħ֮к˵ѾһİĶ
Ҵ˵Դ½֮һȣȻ֪ǸʲôطҶкܹаȾԲ򵥡
Ҷʵû뵽ǣнĹ֮оȻô˵ŵʦ֮һ
仰˵ҲˣԸʲôϵǰһУȴѾ˵ѲĹϵ
ү˵ϵ
Ҷ죬ëʨһصĸܵϾȣǴ½֮һ
ĵ˵ͷҶĮ˵֮ûйϵҲ֪ȴ֪һ£ǲܾҵĹôһᱻڣʱ򡭡
ȻҶĻû˵꣬е˼ȴҲԲˣϾǿ󣬸ֵܵס
ϸ˵ҲҪǿĶ࣬Ψ׵֮Դ֮ƴ֮
ڸô죿
һֱûп˵ȻʵΪĶŮҲ֪һЩ֪飬ȵȴ֪ġ
ҲԴҵĹء
˵֮ҶӻȡëʨĻ飬֪ΪʲôָоǾеĻнĹһ˵Ĺϵ
飬ëʨ˭Ҳû˵ʲôϾŵ֮Ҫνпռ䣬Ҳ齻ǡ
ڵĻ֮ٵת漴ӿ뵽ڣһ˲ָһȥ
жʱһϲʲôĻͷųĻָķ򣬰ٷ֮ʮǻĹء
ûκεĳɣŻָķ׷ȥûйã˵û˸ղŵϲá
Ϊ˳ŻָķߵԽԶռڳԽǿҶΪԼħ֮С
Ͼħ֮УҶۼʶĿֲ֮Ҫ˵һСС¾Ҳ޷ֵôǿ
һȵֵס꣬ô˵궼ֻһˮ뻤סǿֵס֡
ʱһϵĿռڣ˵Ѷ˰֮еھ޴ײġ
ڿռİ֮УƯѩɫĹײģֱǽľˮλŷţмĹײȴйײġ
òҶҲйײ֮еľ񣬶зλĹײģٷ֮ľˮ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣĹؾȻͬһϣһһҪǻİҵнĹ
ȴҶ΢΢üͷ֪ΪʲôǸо²ôļ򵥣һʱ֮޷׽ָо
һ棬һħһȻͬʱ˵֮û⣬˭Ҳš
Ҷ컹֣нĹ֮еŨҶȾȻħڶİƽȣй֮޲
˸ովԶȻʮӰһգ۵ʱ䣬ʮӰҲײĵĵ¡
һ֮£ԭŵĵӣֱˮţţľţڴޣֱϲĿŰڹײġ
û뵽ǾȻҵλʦĹˣǻ첻ˣţӽԺŵĵλܺ


261 ֵһ
Ű֮еײģľŵ𻨽ĺϾײʲô
Ҳ˵ͷϵľϲ֮ɫֱ޲ھȥõĴУʱ¡
˵ɫ˲ΪԶٴμӰǰ˴ŵĵӣϾڵ˲ɵӡ
ֻиŵĵӲҵнĹ˴ŵκ˶֪ŵͼ˦ڵˣʱȻ޷Ѱڡ
ʵûа취ŵھȥнĹϾҲ±˽ȵǣʱڶ
ҲǱе飬ȻͨҵŵλãҲΪʲôȺԭ
ǰȴһڣǱҶɱظҲظ˸ùˣΪжԶнĹȴû뵽һС
ǶظͻȻʧ˴Űڣûһ˻ȥ⣬ϾһҪнĹ˭ȥʲôظ
û뵽ŵı棬ĽĹȻӵģֱ̫ˡ
ħħͬһɾϲ֮ɫϾĴʵ̫ˣҪ˵ʥڴˣֵͬסջ
أ㲻Ҫǣŵĵطɲ
ĻضʱЦƺһЦһ㡣
ҪǣнĹǴҵģеģ߾֮˭ܹõ񴫳УôлԵҵġ
صĻ䣬ڵɫһò׿нĹԸǰûᡣ
жһҪߣôǰڵκһڣðŵϡ
ǰ֣ŶһẦ£һһˣ֣նɱŵˡ
һ̣ڲûֶԸţϾҪնɱŵˣԼһҲضḶܴĴۡ
ʱֺȻ˵ȻнĹǴһҵģô˭ҪõĴУֻøƾˡ
ֱҶɷ֮⣬ƾëʨ֣ˣҶȴûɱ
ÿԶĺ꣬жֲ˼ĸоϾлɱȴշ뿪ˡ
ֵĻŵ֮⣬ŵĵӶʾͬûа취ҲֻЭŵ˵ôģ֪֪Ҳֻŵ֪ˡ
Ǻܿ˶ҲִˣΪнĹ֮еȻ䱬ȴ˳ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬Ϊﵽ֮İڵӣ˲ȫ䣬ɣһ˿Ҷû¡
жһڵǿ߿ͷų֣˲令ס˸ڵĵӣʱʣµˣˡ
ƽ̯ڵͷϣÿһŵĵҲֻʣ²ʮˣ⻹Ǹǿ߼ʱͷųֵԭ򣬷򻹲֪ˡ
ûһɫأΪнĹ֮еԽԽŨأֱͳˣнĹֻԿ
Ҷȴû˿ˣΪʶݣһнĹҶʱ׼š
һڣޣʵ˵ֻǿ޵ļ룬ҶӵеʵȰڵʵǿһЩ
ĵӴ˲ȴûκεĳ֣ȻΪѾﵽ֮ǶнĹ˵С׼ףֵһᡣ
ǰڵ˺ܿ췢֣ǿػȻϵʴ˵ߣ˿ɣٶȥò˶೤ʱ䣬нĹ˶ᱻɡ
ȻÿһжȥǶҪûһкð취ħҲͬУϾڰԵ
ģŲΪʲôнĹ֮л⵽ô£
ҿžħţһֱͷ⡣
ҿҲǣγȥ֮һҪȫµʵħʲô
һ̣ħߴŵǹھȻһ¶׼ŵˣûǾͻһ㡣


262 һ
ô˵нĹӵаҲ˵ħûС
ȣԵ֮£й֮޲ħ֮еİƽپѾ˵˺ܶණ
ҲûмҶȴܹҪʦְæҪ˵뿪ħˣħ֮䡣
ȻҶ췢֣ûħ֮еӴ󣬵ȴҲСӣԻŰ˴ŵĻһþͻٲ
ô˵ʲô˼
ǰڣˮŶں«ڤɱ˵ȻǴ½һţҲ˴࿹⡣
нĹ֮鴫ȥžڴ½϶ôǿҲһ⵽ڵĹͬϮ
ŵħڵ˸ϾڵĴ½֮ϣħദĺֻܲҪʲô£һֱȥ
ӵͲһˣнĹһѾ˵ŵĳֹϵ
ħʥҶ첢ûиκˣϾħֱڣħڵ˻֪Ѿȫ
Ȼû˵жѳɱûаսڵȫɱ˵Ѿˣ˵κһϻ
«ڤĻڵ϶һɱħڵˣ޲֣Ͼŵ֣ʹħǿ
ţŹرһֿ֮飬һ֮˵ѾȫɱأΪʲôнĹ֮лǲѾĳЭ顣
˻ŵɫ䣬ҶҲɻѣ˵úõأΪʲôȻ˵ˡ
ƺеɻëʨɫص˵ү֮ǰȵţȻΪǺܸߣȴǲ֣֮ɱ
жʱһ𣬲֮ҶɫЩصĿǰӣʵȻԱţһ֮նɱȵ飿
ȣ⵹иеһ˿ȣҶҲȻˣ½֮ϣҲֶֻܳ顣
ĵ˵ͷëʨ˵Ȼûۼʶһսȴмأһʱ⣬ʧǿߣųնɱ飬Ȼӡȡ
ëʨĻ䣬˾ֵĴһҶ˿ķ漴˵ɫҲʱ䡣
Ϊײ±ߣȻÿһƷﵽ˵ؼʲôֱЩ˼顣
ӭλнĹǻŻħ
ʱнĹĿռڣȻһԵͬʱ˰Ҷڣ˵϶֮ɫ
Ͼжʲôˣǿ֮һĻ񣬴½ǿĴڡ
Ҫ˵ˣŵĵʱɫǴ䣬Ϊŵ䣬ڻȴصռڡ
ҶȴЩȻȻ𣬵Ҳû䣬Ƕ˵ʲôͨԵòΪ
Ҷеصǣ˵ħȻ֪ħħħʲôϵ
Ͼħ֮ǿʤ˵ħйأҶֱԿ϶ԼһԻᱻ˲նɱ
û˿ĳɣҶٵȡеˮ飬ΪҪ󷨣ֻ뵽˵һ
Ҷһǣոճȥˮ飬漴ٵĳײ֮ȥһգ۵ʱѾʧ
ģŵУ飬ľ飬Ҳٵĳײļȥܿʧ
ҶסĽڶû⣬ٵʧײ֮Уʱ򣬵ϵ򽣿ʼ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ첢û־ܣ漴һǴΪˮˮÿһ
Ҷողñ漴нĹ֮е򽣶ʱ뷢ľˣڶһ
û˿ĳɣ˴Ÿڻ뷢Ҳ˲ɱ˼ʮˣֱһ̣ÿһڵĵܹĲˡ
Ҳ˵ʣµӵʮˣЩ֮гڣ֮⣬ҲֻʣΪʦ
ʵ޷뵽ǣһ棬ڱѾʧ˲أʣµ֮УҶ⣬˶Ѿٸˡ
ϲλħ󣬽ϴ񡣡
ʱ򣬻ٴ𣬵˰Ҷ϶һ˿֮ɫϾʲô
ųƲֻ֮Ϊﵽܽ䳹նɱȻΪߣɱĶʱ޿̵Ĺ㣬붼˾ͷƤ顣
Ļ䣬漴пռٵתһգ۵ʱ䣬ϵѾʧֻʣһƬ
û˿ĳɣҶͬʱԼսףëʨΪѾﵽֻ֮һͻ֮Ҫ˺һʱỹܡ
ûйãнĹ֮кȻɫС㣬Сɢ˸еֲϢòҲ֪Ȼǰʲôȵ飬֮顣
ֻأǧҪҿЩְʱֻҪְܹʱʱͿԶһ١
صĿǰ飬Ҷ첻֪ΪʲôǸоЩʲôطԣһʱֿ֮
Ļ˶ĵ˵ͷ޿ٵıӴʱЩȻɱһգ۵ʱ䣬Щͻ
ðڵ˸еһ˿ǣȻǲ֮ǱϾЩΪֻ̫ͣ൱һЩ̵Ϊ
ҪɱһЩϵˣֱЩ̫ܣ԰ڵҲû˸տʼľ֡
ʱмȻһЩɫС㣬ЩɫС㣬ëʨѿھȵа顣
жʱһȻҶ첻֪аʲôǹӽëʨɫѾ֪ЩճֵаҪǿĶࡣ
үÿһֻаΪѾﵽ֮Ща黹Դﵽʦ֮ǲŲ֮һκ


263 ܵ
κ
Ҷɫʱһ䣬ȻаΪҲǺܸߣǿκͨȴޱȡ
֮䲻κεһһǿҲСؼķ򣬲ܱƵġ
Ҷû뵽ǣȵаȻһôֲ飬ֲһ֣̬
ǺܿҶбһȻаϵǲô˵аΪҲǺܸߡ
ֻ൱;а飬ôˣڵ֮УʣµΪﵽʦˡ
аȻ޷һϵȴһһȥжֻҪаһȥôǳᱻȫɡ
ȴû˿ĵǣһӵս׵Ҷ죬һӵս׵ꡣ
ս׵ķҶܹսףȻ˻޷֪ΣǴа޷ɵս׵ƷԲս֮¡
û뵽νнĹ˶аѾ޷˺ˣɡ
ʱнĹĿռڣһɰصռ֮ڣڳڵȴûһȥ
ү˵ΪѾﵽ֮ǲ֮ҳ˿֮⣬ԽתΪ飬˵鲻֮¡
ëʨĻҶɫ֮֮תΪãЩǿֲĴʡ
Ҷʵ벻ͨŵΪʲôӵһԲٿЩַŵΪá
ôֻһǰһУŵ겢ûгնɱ飬ЩȵĿֲڽˡ
ҶŪ׵һ¾ǣŵλ浽ڻǷţĻţô½֮ϾͲôƽ˾ˡ
ʱнĹ֮кȻһЩҺɫĹЩﳤֻ۾ֻţʮֻ֣ͷֻ۾
Ǵ˵е飬˿֮ɫ̲סЩףȻǵΪѾﵽ֮ﵽ֮Ƕڴ˵еĶЩ֡
аİٱ֮ϣֻһʱʱ䣬ʦ㱻ɸɸɾ
ЩӼ˵ķӦӴϢ˲ʵһУô˵ҲֻǸոմﵽ֮޷ڵĵλ
ûôõˣΪ˵ֵǰЩ飬ڵʹ˳̵þ޲Լ೤ֲֻźá
Ҷ켸űػǿޱȵ鶼޷룬Ͼ޵ʵǿ󣬾Գ֮
Ͼ޵ʵǴﵽ˾ż֮ҪǱпռΪֻҪһֻޱԺɨˡ
ӸղŵǵҶкнĹˣԼһԲǵһǰнĹ˶Ѿˡ
ҶеЩȵǣнĹ飬а飬޼ɵʼղŵĵӡ
ŵ񻹲ϺͿ֪ռڵŵԼˣҶ뵽ģڵҲ뵽ˡ
Ժܿʣµ˿ٵĳŵȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ڵ˶ѾŵӸǰ
˰Ҷڣû뵽ǣŵ˻ͻȻ֣ڣʮʦȫ֡
ڵ˸û뵽ŵ˻ͻȻǳ֣һֲ֮£˲ʧ˼ʦ
ֱһ̣ʣµˣҲԲʮˣŵ˴սһ飬ȴʱӷĹ
ڼֱǸܵУŵĹһɣʱ֮µˣѾȫ䡣
ʣµѾֻʣʮˣڣʮҲ࣬ȻİҲǳصġ
ˮţľţʣµҲֻо˶ѣνŴԼˣǵһֻ̣ʣʮһˣлǰҶڡ
ǰڵսûнɵҲֻܹҪնɱڵˣŸ޼
֮ʣÿһ֮Ұ޵ڵÿһһ̶ɱŵΪҪĿꡣ


264 
ߴŵʮ˶սŵľˣȻ򣬵˫ȭѵƣߴҲߴ
Ȼ˵ΪˣҲȫﵽ˶֮ĽֻܾˣӮȴҶ졣
ŵڵϵˣҶҲʵû뵽ӣոջúõİڣһգ۵ʱȻȫˡ
Ҷȴûг֮ΣΪռ֮ϣȻڻ޷ȷǷ񻹻ţҶȴ֪һ£ǾԿԲٿнĹһС
Լնɱڵˣôʱŵ˾ԻնݳҶ첻ȥðգõİ취
꣬Ͽɱǡ
ǰţڵЩٵ˵Ϊղڻƴ֮£ÿһ˶þڵ
仰˵ڵ֮Уûһ˿վ˵ŵڣҪָҲҪյʱ䡣
˭ҲԤϲôչһŵһָڣôùֻڵˣֻܹʣһԵˡ
ޣѪħܾˣȻʵǿ󣬵ǲô˵Ѫħ䶼һֻʮ棬ֻżܱġ
Ҫпռ޵ļۣ߳ŵֻѪħĶ֡
ڵĻȻҲܴһ潲ԼҪˮնɱߴš
ȴûжΪͬкԼնɱߴŵˣôʣµһնɱߵꡣ
ô˵˺ԼİˣһҲΪѣ֪Լ׸ô졣
꣬ôˣѵҲţ
ûУڵˣڵĹ
ڵ˻䣬ӦǧɣҲܱţϾԼĸ׾ˮŵ
ȻΪʲôٳٲ϶֣ѵΪڵǧԵ˼𣿡
һ͵ŮӣڲƣκδϢĻᣬΪкʣµʱѾࡣ
⡭⡭
ǰԼŵˣٿߵİˣһʱ֪֮ô죬ɫЩ԰׵Ŀˡ
ëʨڻǲŵˣûʦڻŵĵӣΪŵδ֪Ӧô죿
«ڤɫ԰׵ˣжʱһ̾νпռˣǺһ𳤴ǵ򲻵ѵĵزܷκλᡣ
֮Ҳֻôëʨһʱ֮תͷɴʵϾëʨҲŵĵӡ
벻ͨǣΪʲôëʨٳٲϳ֣ɱߴŵ˻ŵˣҲֻкôûл
Ϊ˭Ҳܹó˺ŵĵӣëʨȴŵĺĵӣӲ˺˵ʱ򻹻һ˿ôҲ˵
Ҳ֪νпռǲΪ֮ΪСˮˣĴҲ
һ˲࣬һ˲٣ʵЩëʨҲ뵽ˣǽëʨֻĻŵˣҲǰˡ
Ҳ֪ô졣
ëʨĻشʱ˸еŭޱȣô˵ǻŵĵӣһλѡѾڶõģȴ֪ôˡ
ëʨҪˣиȣҪ̫ʱܲ𡣡
ǿסеķŭ«ڤ֮б޾ɱûбΪ֮Ը⣬Ҳȥðա
ԲĲ֪˵ʲôܲܰѻ˵
ëʨɫ쳣Įƺǰһж飬Ǻ«ڤȴǴŭƿǣŶôС㸧󣬴õĹʮѾﵽ֮Ķݣ㲻֪ȥȴűʹӣ㡭
«ڤĻ˵꣬ëʨЩõ˵˵ˣʲôʱűʹˣߴ֮飬£У֮ǻˮţǹúӶ¡
ģҲŻҾ
ƽʱ«ڤô嶯ڣ֮ԼһȻͽڿеʵ޿̡


265 
Ǻ«ڤѾˣҲҪ˵Ѿû֣ȫʢʱڣҲǽëʨĶ֡
ϾëʨΪѾﵽֻ֮һԴﵽ֮«ڤȴֻһڣ֮Ĳֱ̫ˡ
һԵҶȴ޶ãƺûȥ֮صĿŰ֮еڹײġ
ү
ëʨû˵꣬ҶĻ˻֣Щص˵飬а飬ȫʧˣҪ鷳ˡ
ҶĻ䣬нĹȻɰԵ˲һգ۵ʱ㳹׵ռ䡣
ֱһ̣ҶвףĿſʼϾıô˵֮
˵֣Ҷ첻κεĳɣֱչƮ첽޿ٵ뿪ˣϾʵڿֲܱġ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ޱ㳹׵ʧнĹ֮УȴҲûгֹˣϾ֮Уŵĵӡ
Ҷ뿪нĹڵȴû뿪ʣµľˣͬ޹âһ˲ʧнĹڣȵٳֵʱѾпռڴˡ
ʣµڸû˿Ļ֮һգ۵ʱ㱻ռڵнɱһ˶û¡
һ֪꣬һ֮󣬰˴ŻǴʲô
ǸǲҲӦնɱϾнĹܲй¶ȥ
ˣ֪ΪʲôǸоΪպһ
нĹռڣƮ翵ֱ˿̣пռˣҶԼŵ֮⣬Լȫ䡣
ȴ֪пռһУϾедȣѾ˵ۡ
пռĳڴҶвһʵֱ̫ˣǸһԽϡ
Ҷл֪һ£ŵû䣬ֻǻһʽϡ
ʱƶϣҶҲΪ֮ݣΪŵû䣬ôѾٻʱ⡣
ʱʲôҶкһصĿǰˣҶ֪Լܹȫ뿪нĹٷ֮ʮǿǰ˵Ĺϵ
үڵǲѾȫˣ
ǰĺ꣬ëʨѾ뵽ʲôϾɵϣҵι˵Ѿ˵˺ܶ⡣
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûκεô˵һ̵ĽëʨѾŵˣˡ
Ҳ²ûŵû䣬ÿедȣӦһıĿľнĹΪնŵĵӽнĹȻһټ𡣡
Ļǽëʨɫٱ䣬ҲһĲţϾ˵ֱЩ˼ģôŵΪֱ˸еЩֲ
Ͼ񲻽ŵı棬ı棬ʵɲ⣬ΪʲôҪըƭȫء
Ҷ죬ǲе㡭
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼Բˣŵ䣬ȫ¶֪飬ȴ˸˵û䣬նɱ½ŵĵӡ
ģԼĲ²ⲻдû䣬һһ¡
ǰֹ꣬ɫޱأëʨʵүʲôֱ˵ɣõ㻹Ų𣿡
΢΢һ̾漴Ҷ˵ҲŲǣҲȷģô¾͹ϵȫµİΣˡ
˻ɫ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô漴ëʨЩٵʵүѵΪѾ
ٴε˵ͷҶĻ˻֣ʾ˲Ҫ˵ʲôϾڻȷǷѾŹ
ǰҶ˽ʵ״ﵽʲôľ磬ԴӾнĹ֮Уǿ
ǲսʤĴڣҶɣ֣֮󣬻˭ֵܹס
ٴ΢΢һ̾ҶкֻҪԼһ̲뿪пռ䣬ôԼһʱûвΪѾ֪˺ܶԼ֪顣


266 
үǸô죿
ȥҵСˮ˵һʱҲҳ֡
ͽëʨԵ˵ͷ˿ٵĳɷȥܿҵСˮѾĴħ
ڱɱȻие쳣ѹҲѾΪ֣졣
ʵҶҲֻҪëʨпռڣһ̲뿪ǣô˻ǰȫģϾ񲻻Լ֡
ҵСˮˣҶûٳɣ˿ٵĳпռڴȥǵڴʱ˺Ȼͣ
ΪпռĳڴŵľغƺڵʲôòҶҲ֪ٵʲôٷ֮ǵпռ©֮㡣
ŻǲϷŹǡ
ɫЩ͵ĿԶˣʱҶѾɱģϾԼһнëʨһޣȻ࿹⣬Ҷſնɱ֮ˡ
үпռ䵽˹ر̣֮ǲ뿪ġ
ëʨСˮҲһͣϾǰŵˣǽëʨȴԵޱȱ䣬ô˵Ѿš
үҪȻǲ´󣬵ʱնݳԾ󻼡
У֪һط뿪пռ䡣
ûе˵꣬Сˮ˵ϻ¶һ˿ŭı顣ô˵ڶˮŵĵӣҾ֮оˮŵˡ
СˮеΪѵǣһԼİˣһԼţһˣ뿴ġ
һŭŮӵԼٺһЦٵĶ㵽󣬲֪ΪʲôһֱͺǰŮӣҲһｵһĵɡ
Сˮ˵бĳڣҶҲʱһɣ򲻵ѣҲžԣϾԼû˿ĺô
Сˮ⣬뿪пռϢһŵĸ߲Ѿ֪ˡ
ҶĻʱɫ䣬СˮɴʵҶ죬ǲڿЦôܣ˭Ҳûп뿪нĹ
Ҹղ˵Ķģô뿪пռ飬һ֪ˣôʱֻܱˮڡ
ҶѾԼ²ȫСˮСˮЩʱҲһ˼ı飬Ͼû䣬˭Ҳš
СˮȴǰĺŰٷ֮ٵİգԲðʧ²⣬Щٷ֮ʮġ
ү˵Ķԣү㲻ҪǣȻʱнĹû㣬ôţ֪Ѿ뿪пռ䣬Ҳʲô
ʱ򣬽ëʨȻ˵ϾҪнĹ֮նɱǼˣֱ׾ٵ顣
ҪǵԼһ뿪пռ׷ɱԼˣôҲ̫һˣԽëʨٷ֮ٶ϶Ų겻
ëʨ˵ҲҶ룬ϾֻһССҪҪɱֱǺɱһֻϲࡣ
ô뿪пռ˵ڣ죬ôҪ뿪Ҫٵˡ
ûٳɣֱӳпռڴķȥʱ˳һ̯ˮǰ
Сˮͨǲģ
ǰˮ̶ëʨже㲻ڻŵλڸߣڶΪλǻһôҪ
ǰŮȴһˣ츳ȻҲܲԼȴǲʮǧŮˮĶŮԾ͵õôҪ顣
ëʨкνпռеӣСˮ֮⣬ûеڶ֪пռ仹ŵڶڡ
֪һڣôôŶһѡֱڣëʨŽеһ˿ҲʱȻ޴档
ǰӵļҶҲһ̾ëʨ룬Ѳһ߰˰ˣžһвת
ǴŵĹӦףסһ㣬ܵʲôʱҶΪֵܡ
Ļëʨ֮жʱ¶һ˿мû˵ʲôһ̣ëʨѾĳ־
ҵпռʱ򣬸׸ܣ˵ͷԲܶڣҸ׻˵ǶҲͬ˵ȥ


267 Ѹ
СˮĻëʨиһ̾ȴû˵ʲôϾСˮˮĶŮһﶼӦõġ
ûٳɣֱӳˮ̶һԾ£һգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧʱ򣬾֮ϺȻھ޴Ĺײġ
ھ޴ĹײĶʱסӰײ֮ϣˮ̶Ӱû˿ı顣
ԭǵһ֮ս˴ʣҳ׻ɱ˰˴ʵսʡ
Ҫ˴ʥֽѹڵָﵽʲô硣
ҿһս˵ʱΪѾʥ࿹⣬Ȼ޷նɱʥʥҪնɱҲǲܡ
磬˵ٶʵڿ£ǲǡ
أѾҲպҵһҪ˵ˣǻȥǵɡ
Ӱ˰죬ٵʧ֮ϣѹдҲǣνпռˣȫ䡣
ŵ˵ڵ˿϶ţŵпû֤ݣڵҲֻܷ
ǰڵ˼ֱп˵ưͳԻֻԼʣΪνпռ䣬ڵɳΪĵӡ
ÿһڶպŵĶðû뵽ǣԼɳΪĵӣȻûһ˻Ż
дȽĵ죬űѸ£ű֮꣬ڣŵĵӶ뿪һҲɡ
²û꣬ţظȻɳڶֹһĳ򣬶־Ƴǡ
Ƴǵĵ¹ҶɫصĿǰˣ˵н˵˵Ǹô죿
ǰѻصƳǣСˮ꣬һȥˮţһȥڣûƳǡ
ĳ˴ȥĴħԼ⣬ʣ½ëʨͰüӥˣѾȥüӥȻн
ҶƺüӥرȤûΪһΪϱɻѣϾ˽ëʨĴħ֮⣬û֪˵Ϊ
ģֱ̫ϻ滹ǵèأүҿֱɱȥ
ûеѻ˵ֱ꣬ӱһ˳ȥĴ֮׵磬һŬĿŵڵϵӣû˵ǵʵ˼ƴ㲻Ӻһе졣
磬ɱȥѲǻǳЦ
ԼĴԼԭѾ˵˲֮ʣһȴûһЦϾеǰ˵ƺѹһصľʯ
˵ĺܶԣǲȥһҪȫˣظΪС
ʱҶȻ𣬵Ļ˰ոһŵ磬϶¶һ˿ѯʡ
Ͼֱǳ־Լ磬˿ĵôƳպ׳󣬼ֱϼѡ
ƺ֪˻᲻Լ˵ҶʵǵĿڵʵǷظĶ֣
˶ҡҡͷȻڴ½϶ǿߣǶظֳ˵ֱС׼ס
ⲻˣȻǵʵˣΪʲôҪȥҲµûظɳǰ
ۣ
֣˰ëʨжһȻΪѾﵽ۷壬Ҳ±飬ﵽ֮
ǲô˵ڵĽëʨȻڣ۵Ļô³ֻһظɳۣ˭Ҳ֪Ϊ״ﵽʲôľ硣
˶ԼͬĿһԵΪڳ֮УֻΪﵽ˰˼磬൱۾硣
ǲÿظٻɳۣȫڣ˵ǻһսǡ
ȻҶĻû˵꣬е˼Բ۵ʱл̲סһ̾
žԵ㲻˳ֱۣӽʲôϻΣظ֪ΪʲôֱӴͨ棬ҪƳ
үһʣ֪òʣ
ʱȻ俴ǰĺʵһֹӣ˿Цѡ
ʲôʣɲ磬Ѳ㻹ȥ˼Ӳƴ
ǣһЩ֪֮үֻʣظΪʲôҪƳǣ
⣬ʵڳ˶ʣǰһֱûʳҲֻ˲Ż޹˼ɵʡ
Ʈ칬ʵظ
˶ȻΪҶҾƮ칬Ʈ칬ʵȴظҶ첻նɱƮ칬һƮ칬ظŻɱŵġ
һ̣ҶѡһأôȻѡƮ칬Ͼ𲻹죬лᣬһظ
ΪҶƮ칬֪ҪҶҵףʵ֮һظȻ֪ظΪʲôҪҶȴֻ֪һ£ԼظѾΪ˲ݵĹϵ
磬ھȥͨ£˵ƳǲظΪУԶ˱ᣬסҪһ֮ڣô½ÿһ˶֪顣
Ȼ֪굽Ҫʲôû˿ĳɣٵ뿪սƾƳǵӰҪ۹ֱ׾١
࣬㴫ȥӽ쿪ʼ˶뿪սһΥն
ǣү
ӵָҲٵ뿪˴ȻΪ޷ڳκȣĵλƳȴɡ
ֵܼҶƳǵˣҴӿʼڣֵܼһֱΪƳǾľ˿УҲû˭κε顣
ҶȴֵεıֵܼܣȻΪߣǹϵƳȴޱȺʣǰҶǷΪƳǸ
ƳǵУߣħʦħûκηԣڳҶ֮⣬ƳӦˡ
ɽӥӥμӣҶȴζУҶУʵһС
ȥƳǵľŹȫ
ǣү
Ѫڴȥ˵Ѿ䣬нĹ֮С
ǣү
Ҷһһţܿ㽻һУǰˣҶ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ҷİɣҲģڵһ죬ǱԶϡ


268 
ȻڵƳ۹֮Ѿܸߣȴ˭ҲʶƳǸʲô
һȴһˣΪظ֣ôһҲ˵˺ܶණϾκ˶֮һֵġ
ظɳľȻۣʵҪ˵һССƳǣһţҲ˲
ƳǵߣȻֻվ߸ˣӴȴƳǣ˶ɫĿǰĳǳء
ظɳɱƳǵǿߣڣ֮УһΪﵽ۵ǿߡ
һ飬飬ǻںϣԼԪ飬ӵеԪ֮
ʦ֣ƳǸûκˣǻȥô
֮Уһ༫ΪֿŨüЩ˵Ϊҹ棬һǿһۣظĻ
ҹ֮ΪʦֵͬһӣȴĴֿ񣬶һλװ׾İģ
λİװ׾磬ҲظһǵλȴҪҹߵö࣬ΪһΪﵽ۵ǿߡ
ҲһأڳʱѾƳǣ˾ͷȥ
ǰƳǱѾ£˵ƳǲظΪУƳǳҲѾ䣬ҿǲƳظȫˡ
˵۵һˣΪǣһŮۣҲظĻΪոմﵽһ֮
ظɳĳ֮⣬ˣΪѾﵽ֮ڿҶľȫȷġ
Ǹô죿
ȲҪô࣬Ƚ˵
Ļڳûһ飬˿ٵĳǰĳǳȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿ뵽Ƴǡ
ſտҲĳǳأظ˼ֱҪˣϾǴɲˣǸ޷ȥŽ
߸ȥ׷ôֻҪҵƳǵˣ˭һնɱƳǳû䣬ֻƳˣСϷˡ
ҶӵĻһһϾȫ뿪пռ䣬û֪֪Ҳŵˣظˡ
˳߸ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱㳹׵ʧƳڣʱƳǵĳǽ֮ϣȻӰ
үǷֿˡ
ѾʧˣɫЩ˵ӽƳǵһѰƳǵԼļҡ
һȴҪļңôܹܵˣȻкԼʲô취ϾԷǿߣֻһ֮ûдﵽˣôԿ
ȴ֪Լߵĺ꣬ȴа취ȻҲ֪ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮үͨȴۼʶġ
Ƴǳǽ֮ϵҶ죬ԼëʨһƳǳһƳǸһȴƳΪߵˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶû˿ƺظζԸǣһ㶼ںƵģ˵ûаգҪ޻ء
˻ЦˣԱһֱû˵Ľëʨ϶̲ס¶һ˿ЦݣȻǻ޷࿹⣬ȴһˡ
ϾڵƳǣӵŽëʨ۷ǿߣİ˼޵ۣڶ˵һжǸơ
࣬ڻȥҪȥ׽ˣסҪκ뿪ս
үͷİɣġ
ǰĺ꣬һٵ뿪ǽ֮ϣΪкԼҲû˿ô
뿪֮Ȼڳǽ֮ϣһ޻࿴˿漴һټȥһգ۵ʱ㳹ʧƳǵ֮С
һ޸ո뿪һȫµİ׷ߺȻڰ֮УŸոʧĺ꣬¶һ˿ЦСӻ治˰ֻأһڲˡ
ɷǸϼһû뵽Ȼ缸ﵽ֮һͽܣҲ£СӾͲˡ
Ц漴һգ۵ʱʧڰ֮УգƳƺһ֮С


269 ٰ
һѰʱӦðڵǿʵԲĵطֻҪ˳֣һӹ׷١
ʱѾȥȻûκεķ֣ôֻ˵һ⣬Ƴǵ˲˵뿪ˡ
ģûңһȵľֵңôҵȥСӰ
һмֱƻˣһССȻҪߴǿߣоȻˣǿһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
֮ڣ֮⣬ΪߵıˣϾҲֻǴﵽֻ֮֮һ֮Դﵽ֮
Ҷ죬ĸҳӷǰ˺꣬á
ҵҪҪôá
Ļ䣬һĮȻڿռ֮𣬺һɫʱ䣬Ϊ˿ȻϢ󣬶ȴû˿˵ʲôк
ʱǰȻһޣһ弱ɴʵƳǳǸɱƮ칬Ҷ죿
ٰ
һʵʶҶ죬ϾظֻΪӲҪնɱô˵Ʈ칬ظĸ
Ҫظβ֣ô˾ͻЦظôҲܵģԲŻɳߴǿ߳
һ
ǡ
ĻһһղϢǰʵһ֪֮ԿԺϢǰһʲôϢĹ
Ʈ칬ɱģ
û
֪Ʈ칬ʵ
֪
Ҳ֪ظɳǿҪƳǵˣ
ǰѾ֪ˡ
Сӣǲе̫ˣ
ӵĻҶʱЦƺһЦһ㣬һԵĽëʨȴһĮӡ
һҲУǲսʤĴڣǶڵҶ˵вϾۣŽëʨ
ëʨΪѾﵽ۷壬¾ԿԴﵽ֮Ҳ˵һ̵֮У۵ĴڣĴڡ
ʵڸ㲻ҶֻһССļ壬ΪʲôظĳŷҪϾɱУȻǷҪϾɱΪʲôҲֵܻ֣
ĻһɫʱЩȻ˵ŲϷŹҶңʱ⣬ǼҶʼղϽҲûа취Ż²ߡ

Ҷжʱһ𣬹ȻʵҶһֱ벻ͨһ飬ǾΪʲôظһССҶҳ֡
Ҷڻĵ۹ĵλθߣ½֮һظǼֱһͷţϵһţëһ
ظȻԽݣȥԸһССҶңʵе˵ȥҶȫˣԭظҪԼļõһ
Ǽʲô
ҶûаǼ㡣
Ҷ˵ҶҲ֪һеҶ˭ҶҵڣһΪﵽ֮ǿߣȴˡ
ֻ֪ǵҪõǼʲô
硣
һĻ䣬ëʨɫʱ䣬󾪺ѵǴ½֮һɽ磿
ĵ˵ͷһ͵ĵ˵ͷ˵֪Ļͦ࣬ûҶҵǼǴ½֮һɽ硣
Ҷ½ɽʱҲϲһΪϵߣļʶҲվ½أеʲôĶ
ΪǴ½֮һȻҶ첻֪ɽʲôֻ֮Ҫһȣûһ˻ȥСɽ
ƺеɻ漴ëʨ˵˵ɽǴ½֮һֻҪɽ֮ڣʵжôǿ󣬶˲ʧƺһ㣬˵ɽ֮ҲǿɽԿף类һħõû뵽䵽ү֮Уϡ
˽ëʨĻҶ֪ΪʲôظԸҶˣԭΪܹ½֮һɽ硣
ҶкظԼòô˵õֻгҶңʹ糹׵ʧϡ
ظû뵽ǣҶÿһػ˶֮һôһظողμдȣȲҪնݳһɳۣڳ֡


270 Ů
Ҷ֪ظԭΪҪҶҵģе쳣⣬ҶֻǴ½ϵһСС壬Ϊʲôӵôı
ϾɽǴ½֮һԼļȴŴɽԿףʵЩ˼顣
ȻҶҵĶôƾʲôҲǣòҪɱڣǲǸѪծѪ
ƾ㣿
ЩĵĿǰ֪꣬һССƾʲô˿ô˵һΪﵽڵǿߣУֱһЦ
ǽëʨΪ۵ʵҪȺһ߳ܶ࣬Ժһ޷һһ޵ʵ
Ҫúһ֪ԼǰվһѾʼ飬һֻΪﵽ˼޵۾ޣ֪᲻򶨡
Ҷû˵ֻĿǰӣԼļ㱻𣬶ڸڻĵ۹𲻵ò
ҶˣҲ漴˳ȥڽëʨȴվԭһûжΪû֣һԳ֡
꼤û˿ľȣǵһܵԼٶϰԵϢʱɫʱ䡣
Ϊһ̣Ϊʲôԭһֻǿ޻һֱԿ϶ǰֻޣҲһֻ߼ڡ
ʵҪǿĶ࣬ԭܼ򵥣ǾһֱȻûп޵ʵʵѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
ǺһҲԴУϾҲǴ½֮һظĻһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
Ӵ֮תΪһѾȫϴǣһ֮ƣкɨǧơ
ôǿҲ࿹⣬һֻ˼޵ۣһʵǿעⳡսû˿
֪ʹʲôͨһϢ˲ӣʱ򣬺һȻԼܶˣڵ֮ƺһӡ
֮жʱ¶һ˿֣һһ̾Ȼ֣Լ̫Сǰֻޣ޵Ϊٴﵽ˰˼޵֮
ԴҶΪﵽ֮Ʈ첽Ҳ֮ǰ˺ֻܶ࣬һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿǰ
û˿ĳɣҶҲ˲ʲô壬ϾƾʵһڵĶ֡
ڵľתٵתΪﵽ֮ҶľתҲﵽ˵תתǰתܺǵ˵תͲ˵Ϊﵽľ磬ͻȻȻɣҪӴܡ
õӰ˲һʱ쳹أܶĺһ壬ֵֻܾĿǰһһޣԼȴʲôҲ
ǧӰһգ۱ӣû˿һ㳹׵ʧؼ䣬һ˿û¡
ʧӰҶû˿ı飬ƺղһڲɱһʱ򣬽ëʨߣ˵ǸϿ뿪֪ΪʲôҸоһ˿޵ϢǸǡ
ӵĻҶжʱһΪëʨΪѾʼ飬¾ԿԴﵽ֮
ҽëʨ֮ڣ۵ĴڣǾǿڣȻо˭׷ԼظɳǿߣʵǿҲֻһۡ
Ǿ۵ΪôǿҲһҪﵽ֮ǿ߶ܲһ˿ϢҲʵ̫˼ˡ
ҶֱԿ϶ëʨ˵Ǹ׷ԼˣΪ֮ϣҲ˵˵ĺпһ
һ뵽Ҷо̲סһ£Ͼ½֮ϾŴŵľŴΪŴﵽ֮½֮ϣѾǿĴˡ
а˦𣿡
ǰɫصĺ꣬ëʨͬɫص˵˵ΪпѾﵽ֮û˿취Ǳ·ǡ
ëʨĻû˵꣬е˼Ҷȴ֪ȻԼ·ˣ˱ضһˡ
Ҷ첻֪˵֮е˭һǰٷ֮ʮȷģǾ˺пŵˡ
ϾëʨŸŵŮôһǰ鷳Ҷû뵽ģɳǿߣߴǿ֮⣬ɳ֮ϵǿߡ
Ͱ˵ģܹˣǾڰ֮ͤȣסһ㣬ʵǿһҪӲӲһ԰ȫΪ
ĵ˵ͷëʨҲû˿ĳɣΪҲ뵽˺пŵˣԲҶ졣


271 è׽
˾һޱûٳɣ漴һ޿ٵĳȥһգ۵ʱ䣬һޱ㳹ʧԭء
һ޸ո뿪֮кȻһߣʧһޣ¶һ˿ȡ
ŵСӾȻңǲֲռŴ½һŵλãٺ٣ҲãҿԶȥǸСˡ
˵֮һգ۱ʧԭأãӰ˲ӴϢռ֮УɫԵޱء
ռ֮¶ϢѸо˭ģ⣬ʦѾѣ˭ܹնɱһء
ŻСǸСˣȻܹնɱһڣԸһһۣû뵽
Ʈ첽ȫתҶĳǰţһǿܿģҪ˵ǾŴڴˣһ˵Ķ֡
Ǻܿ죬ҶӲͣΪǰȻһλȥΪĹߣһЦĿ
ôˣϲèץϷˡ
жʱһҶɫЩ͵ĿǰߣòҲ֪߾һֱ׷ˣҾȻһǿޱȵ
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ߺٺٵɭЦҶ̲סĴһΪɷֶ˵һ㶼İ
Ͼɷ֮еɷħѪʦǰֻһܣǾɷǵһħˡ
ϾҶ첻֪ڹħΪ״ﵽʲôľ磬һȴԿ϶Ǿǰߣٷ֮һǿ
ǹħ𣿡
ģʲôħʲôҪҹħ𣬶ǹħ棬ǲǿҡ
ҶĻո£ɫʱ䣬ƺΪħܲˬ׵Ŀǰ꣬ƺ޲ȥҧ꼸ڡ
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ĸ֣һ侲ҶҲʱ̲סɫ䣬ΪԼȻǵ͹ߵʵ
Ҷ룬ԼûаȫϾɷȻɷﵽħ֮һҲ¡
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㲻ΪӰɣ
Ϊͽѵίˣ
ɫʱڹһҶûпʲôԼֱ㱻ץסһɰԵϢ뵽֮ڡ
ף
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ʲôһаˣ
˵ˣǲ̸
ƺ⣬ԽҶԽ𺳣Ϊһа˴ʲô˼ˡ
սʣƾһ֮ս˴ʣնɱ˰ʣҪǰ˴ʥ֣˵ڵսѳˡ
һ̣ҶѾȷԼǵһа˵Ǹʥ֮µһ˵սʣһ̣ħĻֱ֪Լ顣
ղŵĻǲ֪һЩʲô飬㲻ңʲôҲҪ˵
֪ôˣҲԸôˣҧҰġ
ߵĻҶʱеޱȣˣʵû˿İ취Լʵֲˡ
Ҷû˵ʲôתȥһۣȻкʦǺԼġ
ȵȣһŲɱ㡣
ǱΪԼĻãȻأȥҶҲ׼߲ɱԼԲŻ᲻ߵĻȥ
ģҪӿСӣھɱ㡣
һ䣬Ӱʱʧԭأһգ۵ʱ䣬ǰ˵Ҳ㣬Ϊڸ㣬һûôΪʦӦ㣬ֻҪΪܹﵽ֮Ϊʦȫ㡣


272 ɽѩ
Ϊʦ
ҶʱеƲѣԼʲôʱǰΪʦˣҪģȴûмôҪġ
ʲôʱΪʦˣ
ħ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬Щ߰˵֪ΪʦǧûչΪͽô㲻ˣ
ߵĻҶиˣⶼʲô°ǿκģȴûнǿȵͽܵģֱЩ˵ȥ
Ҫյӣȥұˣȴ룬һˡˣǡ
˵֮ҶͷҲصĳǰȥǲôߣȻԼȴôҲ޷뿪һ
Ҷȴû˿ľȣϾԷһǿ棬Ҫ˵һСС¾ڴˣҲ˿á
ȻߣҶתߣЩε˵㵽ô
һǿ棬һ취ûУ㲼´󣬿ֻҪһ棬ԼĴͻᱻ˲Ƶ
ҪҵĵӣȻͲҪ뿪
ĵҲУҿԵõʲô
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˻ħɫʱŭǧûһ˸ԴԼλԼյӣȴû뵽һٶܾ
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ҡҡͷҶ첢û˵е˼ȴԲǿеķŭʵ㵽Ҫʲô
Ҫһ
ĻСӣΪʲôҪҪУ˵ʲôҲԡ
ȻУôԱ㡣
һħӻȡһѩɫıУ֮¶һ˿Ĳᣬƺ쳣ҪƵġ
óѩɫӣҶʱһòҲܹ֪еѩɫӾһϡ֮
һ࣬ߵͲһȴһ˿취ûУ˭ԼǰΪء
ɽѩһǧڵΪֻǸոմﵽһֻ֮ɽѩô˲ͻƵ֮ɱʲô˵õĶɡ
ҶкȻеɽѩ쳣ҪȽϣֱһϣҲͬɽѩ˵Ҫ
ȻǿˣȻôгģҾǿΪʦɡ
˵֮ҶҲûκεĳɣֱӶǰ߹ȥĿͷһʦ
ħҲû᲻ã漴ǧɽѩ꣬õɽѩҶмֱЩ˷ܣϾɽѩͻ磬ﵽ֮
ϾҶкУҪΪֱϼѣҪȻͶΪǿˡ
ԴΪﵽһ֮ҶףԼҪ⿿Լ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ڲһˣԼеɽѩǧӴﵽ֮
ҶкףеɽѩӵĻôܹﵽܹ֮ɾת֮еĵת
ǧɽѩϾɽѩȻܹΪﵽ֮ȴɾתĵת
СӻʲôϿɽѩΪʦ㻤
ĵ˵ͷҶ֮¶һ˿мΪͽʲôģ˵߶һûж⡣
뵽ҶʱϣֱӰɽѩȫȥһɱϢ˲룬ƺоһǧɽ֮һ
ǿڱϢֵʹҶ첢û˷磬ߴ֮һˮԾʼҵĲ
Ӵˮ֮ҲתɽѩɵıϢƺҵйڣˮ֮һ
ʱҶҲڷԼһֱûͻƵľ磬ȻɶûаʱΪѾͻƵ˶֮
ǰڵϵ꣬ħϳ֮飬Сӵ츳治һã֮ģҵΪҪߣ治֪ôģҲãһԼĵӣԺɷϹǰҲʱҫˡ


273 ʬ޴
û˿ǧɽѩֻǻʱʱ䣬Ҷһ֮ﵽ֮
˫ۣҶһ˿ϲȻֻ磬кҪֱϼѡ
лʦɽѩ
СӣղŲǻʦʱô͸ıˡ
ߵĻҶ¶һ˿˼˵ʦոֻǿЦôʦҼֱ֮á
û뵽СӻôƨѾһʦһʦãǲǰա
գ
ħ˵ֵʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôҶжʱһ£Ϊû˵
ʱһɫӰʱָϵðҶ쿴⵹ɫӰʱɫʱľϲ֡
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ʦ
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һ㣬Ҷвû˿ľȣϾʦţôܳΪŵ
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ߣҵģ˭㵱ôĴɷҵȰ棬ҪȻҲŪգʬ嶼޷һء
ʦʬ屻ӡʲôطӰһ
Ҷһ˿ɻ󣬱ϾԼʦѾ䣬һʬôҲʹʦȴ֪һ£ҪҶûʬʬ޴档
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ιħ沢ûκεķԣϾʵԼˣȻǿޱȣҪʣʥĳǿȽϣԶ
ҶԷǴ½֮׵ţֱǿ֣˵һСС棬ʥҪӲţҲҪ
ʦ֮УǲڣнĹ֮еǲǲû䣿
˻ɫʱ䣬漴ɴʵλʦˣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûκεпռԼнĹ֮е飬һһʮȫ˵˳
˻գһԵĹħ涼һأϾûʲô˼ˡ
̾Ϣһռ˵λʦû䣬֮п³ʦԼʦǣҲûκ֪ʱֻ֪нĹΪأҲǵȽŵ֮
˻Ҷɫ䣬Ще˵ʦ˼˵ȵţڴнĹôΪ˷ӡнĹ˵ġ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ûʵڹǿޱȣȻڶǿ߶ϻȣȴ޷Զڶǿֲ·ӡӡнĹʦǲǻڣҾͲ֪ˡ


274 ʱ˲
Ҷʵû뵽нĹȻȵڴϾǴ½֮һеаޱȡ
ҶûʲôΪһ鶼ѾȫˣѾҪȥʲôվһߣԼλʦ
գСΪӣ㲻ʲôɣ
տ˿ĺ꣬漴Щε˵ϹͽܵӦ㲻ͼɣ
ӵĻħɫʱһΪ˵ȴЩ֮٣Ͼ̫⣬˭Ҳô롣
ߣģΪʲôҪΪͽ
ΪңҿǸ֮ģԡ
ƨһҶǴˣӦ֪Ǵʲô
յĻû˵꣬ħ㼱ɴ˵ǰĺ꣬˵Ϊʦһ׹ʡĵʱ˵ͼʲôΪͽġ
˹ǵĻҶжʱһϲô˵ǵΪѾﵽħ֮ڵĹһʲôƷ
ʵҶһֱЩƣΪԴϾʯΪʦ֮󣬾ʯֻһǬƮ첽
Ǻõս¼ʱʱŷ֣ԭʦǬԼս¼ڵĹ
Ҷ첻֪Լʦôõս¼ȻֻкСһ֣екս¼ԼĶ
Ͼսתս¼սϹȻʦϸ˵Ҷ췢ԼֱԼԼĹ
ҪǾʯӽһŵϹƮ첽ֱҪΪԼʦǲʦ
ƺеɻε˵һΪΪʦûн㹦һϸʦ𣿡
Ҷֻ΢ЦЦһ仰ûУϵɫȴѾ˵ܶ⣬ħȴʱ˵Ϊŵϵĺöɲ٣ȻŽ̸ҵһƮ첽㻹ԡ
Ϊ밡ΪԼĹǿս𣿡
˻ħʱеռ˵ڶõıƮ첽ֹҶѾˣô˵Ʈ첽ŵϾѧҿϹʲôұȡ
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ĸ֣գһԵҶ춼΢䣬Ȼ޷ʱ˲ƵʲôֻҪʦı֣Ѿ˵ܶ⡣
Ϲǲڻңʲôʱʲôʱ˲ˡ
϶Ĺª˰ɣڰǰ֮еõһؼʱ˲ƣɷǸ϶֪
˵֮󣬹ħӰʱʧԭأһգ۵ʱ䣬Ӱٴγߣɫ䡣
Ͼʱ˲Ƶֱ̫ˣһ£˵Ϊ࣬һ˺Ȼʧԭأֻһ˲ʧôһʲôӰ졣
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ħҲûгɣֱӰʱ˲ƴڸҶ죬ģһҲûдʲô
һʱҶȫѧʱ˲ƣȴεķ֣ȻԼѧʱ˲ƣÿֻ˲Ʋʮ׵ľ롣
ƺеΣħ漴˵Сӣ֪ɣʵҲֻ˲ʮףҲֻǧңǴﵽܹ֮ﵽһ˲ǧףﵽʥ֮ôһ˲֮Զ
һ˲֮ԶѾҶкܼˣϾ״ʲôкǧҲ൱ǿˡ
һ뵽Լʱ˲ƣֻܹﵽʮңֱЩ֮»ص֮УҸҶ˵Ҫ˯һʱ䣬ʲôʱѹԼҲ˵ʲô
Ҷ첢û˵ʲôԴʦദƺѾЩ᲻ԼʦˣʦԵ޹Ҫ˯Լ֪ʲô顣
СӲôģǸϹϾֻϣÿһʱ䣬Ҫ˯ԶʧģҪǣظǼСӣԼʰҪΪʦ㣿
һ˻ҶмֱҪˣԼȻոѧʱ˲ƣǲô˵ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮ô࿹⣬ֱ̫Լˡ


275 ǧ
ҶȻŵʵҲûäĿԴĵزϾ֮Ĳֲ࣬˵ġ
ʦ˼Ҳ̫ܿˣԷۣڣʵҿûа취
һεĺ꣬ħʱٺٵЦţЩ٩ʵҵıӣΪʦôأ
סǣȻа취Ըǡ
ĵ˵ͷ꣬ʱ˲ƶʱչ˲ʧԭأħ֮ʵȫһ˲ǧĵز
ֻǿһ˱һϢԣСϪߵӣҶ¶һ˿Цڣ֡
ߵߣ·˼Բˣĵ˵ͷҲûκεĳɣֱһϢ
ʦͷųϢҶкΪﵽ֮߱γԼҲ˵һϢռ䡣
ûʵôֻҪ֮ڣôʵͨ죬Ҳ޲ߣϾʵǿޱȡ
Ѱ˽߸ʱȻû˿ͷͼмֱҪˣһССȻߴǿߣӰӶ
ǰСϪͼʵǲˣȻΪѾﵽ֮Ŀĵȥ˭ҲԸ⡣
ոҵһʯ£Ǻܿͼ㾪ֵķ֣ԼȻܶˣһӴϢ
о쳣һΪﵽ֮ǿߣھȻĪĹ̶˵ʲôк
ʲôˣȻ˾ͲҪ
ȻͼԼ򶨣֮¶һ˿֮飬Ѿڵ飬Ͼ飬˭Ҳ
㵽ңȻ֪˭Ц
䣬Զһλ꣬ʯһܶӣЦȻڴ½֮Ѿǿߣ۽ĿҶкΪûдﵽ֮½Ȼû˵Ȩ
һ˻ͼɫʱ䣬ȴôҲţΪѾﵽ˵زȻԽһڡ
˵ʲôΪӽԼϢͼѾ֪ԼʲôȻֻӵе֮
ȻΪѾﵽ֮Ƕǿ˵ֱһЦһֻᶼûеĿ档
ӵǰҶɫĮĿӣ˵㲻ǺҵҾǰô죿
һ棿
Щȷʵֱһ̣ͼȻԸǰһУϾ¼ֱЩ̫˼ˡ
ħȴûгͼΪԼǿߣǺȻԼǰĺ꣬ҪôôģͲҵġ
Ҷ첢ûлص⣬ʵ㲻Ҫǲ棬ֻһ⣬㵽
ʲô˼
Ҷû˵ֻ䣬ϳɱĿӣƺʱһ㣬ڵӶ˵Ҫɱֱ׾١
ʲô˼ʲô˼
ͼЭˣϾһ̲ǲһ棬һɣǾҪɱֱһֻ϶򵥡
ھͿԳȫ㣬밴˵ȥ򡭡
ȻҶĻû˵꣬е˼Բͼһε飬ǰô磬ȴѾΪ˽
ĵ˵ͷͼЩεʵʲô
֪ΪʲôֲõԤУϾ겻ܷŹôõĻᣬԼֻк
¶һ˿ЦݣҶ˵֪ȳ
Ҷӻȡһë׵С棬ȥΪģǵͼëëʱɫˡ
ǧϣ
жʱЦѩɫǧϣԼʦħոոģ˵֮󣬴˱ԶЧ㣬һģ֮ء
ֻҪǧϣҾͿԲɱ㣬ô
һ̣ͼɫѾޱȿֻţȻûʶǧϣȴ˵ֻҪǧϣһɣҲ˿ģ򲻵ú
ǩԼܲܲҪ⡣
Ȼҳȫ㣬ǧϣҪ취ͬȥġ


276 ת
Ļͼ䣬ƺµһ㣬󼱲ɴҡͷϾ֮¹ڿֲ
ĲԸ⽫ǧ͸Ļ飿
ƺѲ³ǰӻıٶҶ첢û˿еȣǰĶ˵
ݺݵһԼĿˮͼкֻҪԼ˵һԸ⣬ôȴֻһǺ޷ſ䡣
ǧϴͬ飬ʵڲңϾǰƳǵˣλʵѾﵽ֮
ͼΪ֮ʣһɱ˲жʱһͷϵ亹漴ȻΪѾﵽ֮˭ҲẦ¡
£ʲôԴӦ㡣
ģ
˻׼ֵҶӲͣȤĿǰӣĵ˵ͷһ̣ͼô˵ء
Сôôĥĥ󣬰ҵ˼ֱӽɱ˵ˡ
ʱһЩͷĺ漴һߺȻм䣬ֱ֣߳Ҫնɱӡ
ͼд󾪣Ϊһ̣֪֮Լĸǰ꣬ǰߡ
ʦס֡
ҶҲǴ󾪣ȻƾʦʵҪնɱظˣֱ׾٣ȴʦնɱˡ
һӴ֮˲ʵôһ࿹⣬ǹħͣ֡
ЩõĿǰĺ꣬˵ΪʦȽһУ¶Ҫսپǧ򲻿ˮ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûκεķԣϾкԼʦ˵˼ûдɱǰڣЩġ
ʲô֣
ͼ
ڼʶʵͼҲû˰ңϾһǿǰҲеһΪĸо
ظɳ֮У˵Ϊﵽ֮Ƕ˭
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ЩҶЩΣظɳ֮Уǿ֮⣬ʣµڣղѾնɱһˣֿסһˣ˵ֻʣڡ
Ȼ㲻ԸǧϣֲԸǧϴĻ飬ôھȥʣµˣһһƳ֮У㲻ھܾ˰ɣ
ȻͼһԸ⣬ȴ֪ԼٲӦô겻ɱǰ߶ڷŹˡ
ûԥͼĵ˵ͷȻ֪ԼôΪʲôһ滤٣Ҳ²֡
漴ͼоԼܶˣǱ㼱ɴ׼뿪ʱȴ˵ˣһô죿
жʱһ̸ͼЩε˵ǿʼɡ
Ļ䣬һǿʶ˲뵽Ժ֮Уһգ۵ʱ䣬ԼѾǩϣʱҶٴշһǿڡ
֪ԼעͼҲûٱԹʲô漴깧һοٵĳǰ۶ȥ
ֱͼʧСϪߵʵǲЩɻʵҵıӣƾΪʦʵ٣Ҳܶʲô˺Ϊʲôô鷳ҪȥƳأ
ž֮ϵҶЩ˵ʦ֪ӳһ⣬һ𣿡
ĻϵɻԽʵѵ㻹һǿ󷨣
˵⻰ǶԼЩЦϾ½ϴʲôˣһ֮УҲδػһߣɴҲ֪ڴ½ϵϡٳ̶ȡ
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˻ħϵıļΪḻϲϣʵû뵽Լֻһʱ˰֮µĵӣȻһߡ
û뵽СӾȻһߣû⣬Ǹ󷨽ʲô
תơ
ҡҡͷȻΪѾﵽ֮ǲô˵һߣԶ󷨲Ǻ˽⣬ӲҪ˵ʲôתˡ
ǹȴȻԼôģôԷͬСɣϾΪҲѾﵽ֮Ȼ޷󷨣Ѿ˵˺ܶ⡣


277 ֮
ûʣϾ󷨶λǿ˵Ҳһոµ򣬶߲κ˶ѧġ
Ҫӵв츳֮⣬Ҫӵǿĸ֪ҶҲԼ֮Կôѧ󷨣Ͼʲôǰ׾٣ȫΪİֻ֮ǰһǿʡ
ڵҶ죬ѾȷԼٷ֮ǵһ֮ս˴ʵսʣսʵжҲѾȫصߡ
սףսսս񽣣ҶһֱΪԼõЩ£һ̲֪Щԭġ
ֻأԼòһֱӽҿӡȻҶ첻֪ԼΪʲô˴һսǱӡ˰ñ
һĵӣһ̹һ˿ЦһأΪѾ鵽ʲô
΢΢һ̾ǲû˵ʲôΪһҲ֪˵ʲôٵȥʱ˱»صƳ֮ڡ
ҪΪʦô㣿
ʦȻҾͻڳתȻʦ֮ͷųֻ֮ҪǽУҰٷ֮ٿЩˡ
˻¶һ˿ȣô˵ҲֻһԷ⣬ǿۡ
ȴƾһ󷨣ȻܹǿߣҲ˵ߵǿĵ˵ͷ¶˵ֱ練ơ
Ҷû˵ʲô漴ٵĳսȥܿҵ࣬Ҷ첻ϵ˵ʲôǲϵĵͷ
ס𣿡
үЩƳ֮ûС
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ǲˣأȻսУ㻹Ͽȡǲǲˡ
үϢŭȥ졣
˵֮ƨƨߵ뿪Ϊһ̣෢ǰһº͵꣬Ȼˣֱ硣
ǲô˵Ƴǵĸ˵׻Ǹ˼Ҵ򹤵ģֻҪһģʱ԰
Ƴǧ֮һͤʣµڣң֮ͤУ֪ʲôطľˮһûһš
ʦ֣˵һССƳǣΪʲôҪôǿ߳
ʦ֪εдȣŵõһϢŴŽпռˣС֮⣬ûһ˳
ôܣСҲܶ뿪пռ䣬ʦ֣Ϣɿ𣿡
ҾͲ֪ˣϢŴģֻ֮һ㣬СƮ칬ɱƮ칬ôܷŹء
˵Ҳǣ˵СҲǵ󣬾Ȼɱ׵ܵܣٴҿԲưոݡ
˵ĶԻһֲȫԶ͵ӶУͼһЦĿԶˣȵǾЦˡ
ϾǰǿߣҲͬ޲ߣٳɣͼվĳͤȥ
λʦ֣ҵټˣǸϿȥ
ûеͤͼеѾ˹ںȾƵһ˻϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲϾҪΪƳǳ
ܹƳǣôҲܾȥʵظҲȷǲǻţϾϢŴ
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ظҪԳ֣ڵĳ˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ϾظȥԸƳǣѾʧˡ
ظԳ֣ôظ浽ʱָ÷ʲôطžԣɳߴǿǰƳǡ
ظõϢƳǵĳҲǻɱƮ칬꣬һΪﵽˣߴǿߵֳ£˶Ϊؽ䡣
ظһǾҶ첻ΪѾﵽ֮һһΪʦҪ˵ߴǿߣظ٣Ҳֻܵķݡ


278 յ
ҴҶӣ̻ǹӣ϶¶һ˿ϲΪӵĻѾԤʾ񼴽
Сģ
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ҡҡͷͼЩε˵ֲСӿƮ칬ˣԭΪѾﵽ֮ңҲûбʤİա
ͼĻʱһϾǵΪҲֻǸոմﵽڣҪԸһһʲô¡
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ô˵ӶظĻʦֵܵ꣬˵ӻˣô˶š
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Ļʱõ˵ͬô˵ڣһëԸ˵ĻôҲٻˡ
˵ҲûκγɣֱӸӿٵĳԭ·ȥڵٶȿ˵Ѿǳ٣ʱ˱ѾվƳǳǽ֮¡
ͼʦܣȷҶƳ𣿡
ǰĳǽ֪Ϊʲôһ˿õԤУ˻ͼжʱһΪߵ˷ʲôһ㡣
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ʦ֣˵ͼʦܻ᲻Ѿʦţһ
죬ֻ˵ȷ֤ݣʲôж
̻û˵꣬ӱ˵ʦŵʲôб˭ҶҲԸظһȻᱳš
ôңʼûҵͼӰҲֻѡڶУԸͼѾ䣬ҲԸͼʦš
Ƴ⣬ͼ϶Цݵ˵үȥ˻ǵȵȥ
ǰĺ꣬ͼȻż䲻ˬĸоһȴû˿İ취ϾǩԼֻҪԸ⣬ʱҪ߻һӿµĴڣЩܶԸ˵ġ
һ㣬Ҷ첢ûκε飬Ͼһڵ˵֮Ĳû˿
ǰԾŹӵһİҶҲĽ˻ɱڸӲҪ˵Ѿ˱ȰԾŹĶת
ؼأҪ¶ת󣬳Ϊﵽܹ֮ǿ£һ̣Ҷȴǰ󷨵
Ȼһİʱڳת󣬵ҶȴʱҲ൱Ĵ
ĵ˵ͷҶĮ˵ʱ֮һİɣȥߵˡ
˵֮ҶûٷϻֱתƳǼȥһգ۵ʱ䣬㳹׵ʧͼʵС


279 
Ѿʧĺ꣬ͼƵ̾ϢһνƳǣ˭Ҳ֪һֺֿ
Ͼǵ鱨֮УֻһΪﵽʦ֮ˣܹնɱƮ칬˵Ϊİ
ظɳǿۣһۣΪѾﵽ֮
ʣµѡظлǼͷƽʱԵѵõĻᣬ
û뵽ǣΧ˵ߣһ߻һ쳣ֲĴڡ
ߵΪǿޱȣҪ˵ˣڵѾ٣ԹԵĸе޲ߡ
Ϊʵǿ󣬶ΪﵽǸΣѾ൱վ˴½۷壬Ͼʺöûгֹˡ
ʲôùˣȻôһù񣬲Լһͽ֪ʱ֮Ҳûҵ֮ˡ
̾Ϣһͼһ̺ƳǿϾ˵ڵƳѾ˴ֻҪ˽ȥ֤ȥ޻ء
ͼеһ˿ȵǣ겻ʵǿ󣬶ҾȻһߣϾڴ½ϵĵλĿõġ
Ƴ֮У˿Ѿڱ仯Ŀռ䣬жʱһһ̣Լϵˣ˱ѲµĴ֮С
û뵽ͼǸСӾȻıţҾȻôģټɡ
ǿסеķŭ̺Ͼ˭ԸⱻԼĻһԼʦֵܣһ̵̣ƺеķŭﵽ˼㣬豬һ¡
ҪˣЩԺ˵취뿪֪ΪʲôǸо󷨲һ㣬ҪСĵ㡣
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һмӣӲû˵ʲôΪкλ֮һظĻ˷С
ǹȴ֪Щɢʵǿ󣬵ȴԸɣиǿʵǿߡ
սʣڶ̶̵İʱ䣬һ߿ԼӲ֮һʱ¡
⻹꣬սʵ˱ԣ֪ΪʲôȻ֮İڽӡ
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ʱռȻֹͣ任ǰһޱ޼ʵǼʣ췱޷󣬸ոջһǳأھȻ
䣬һȫ£ЩĮȻǰǰĶˣҶеɱʱʧӰ١
ղ˵̸һֲȫ˽ȥҶеЩǣԼȻŷ˿һһڡ
ϾǰսʣǰӶԼ˾أҶԭҪɱˣһȴȻıע⡣
Ļ̻û˵ʲôһߵĹȴɫŭʲôҲ˵ҵżģ첻ʬΣѽͷ֮ޡ
˵֮󣬹Ҳ˭ֱڵԪ֮תɻսĸ֡
Ϊսһ֮ˣҪ˵ǰ꣬ڵĻǣҲǰĸ֡



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280 ʹ
ӵĺȻ֣Ҷиеһ˿ȣ£ֻҪɵϣһԿ˰Ե󷨣Ѿ׶༪١
Ӹȥ˸󣬷ΪԼһ仰ҪԼ֣һ̣Ҷӳ˺øС
ΪģΪǰԼķ˿ĵ˵ͷڶת֮ڣҪ˵һССڣڴˣҲҪԹ־ܡ
£ҶΪﵽ֮ſǿóת󣬵һ̣˹ħİȴǰ´˵ȴ
ҶҲƾ˲µĴ϶ԼʵµĴΪʲôҪŬΪԭ
ʵҶиƾʦµĶת𻹿ԽסɱУȻܹסҪɱȴе㲻̫ʵ
һתҶĮ˵ҾսתңҿСܡ
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˻ɫʱ䣬Ǻܿϳ˷ŭ֮ɫĻҪ˵˭ҲŰ֡
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ÿ˸սʵĻʱܴ˭ԥĳֱ֣ݲŻưոݡ
һ̣Ȼ˵ԼսʣǽʮЦ֡
ѾϴǣΪǴﵽ۷壬ֻҪͻƿΪԴﵽ֮һ̳֣Ҳӵ֮ơ
վһԵȴûг֣Ϊ˽ǰӣ˭żô³ֻһݡ
ӵĺȻƴʵҲҶиеһ˿ȣӰʱʧһ̣ռȻٵľ
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ȥѰҳڣģ첻նɱǸСӣҾҲʹ˰ݡ
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¶һ˿֮ɫ̾Ϣһ̲ûгֹΪ֪ǸѾӵĵߣɱǲ뿪ġ
ΧϻǣȴǶʱ䣬ΪܹЩ֮иܵһ˿ֲϢɣЩǼϣôȴĽһ䡣
κεĳɣڵ֮ٵתϴǣȻһ̻ûдﵽ۷壬ȴҲһԶѡ
Ӵ֮ٵһɫսףϸϸȥսȴǵѷ죬Ҳ˵̵սʱһײսס
ȴԼսžԵģΪսΪսף˼壬֮ս֣˼ɶ
Ϊ˵õսףˣֻϧսѷ죬ȴӰĿֲ֮
ףСеսƺǵսס
ǰߵĻҶҲ¶һ˿ȣΪԼʦΪʲôģˡ
һȴһս˾ȣѾ˵˺ܶ⣬ǿʵʦʶսף
ĵ˵ͷᵽս׵ʱҶܹʦпһ˿Σʵ벻ͨǣս׵ʲôȻʦΡ
ǰɷϹֻʱһһųԵΪʹߡ
˴ҶжʱһڼɴʵʦƬ½֮ϣе𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪½֮󣬾˽ǧ꣬Ȼ޷ߵͷڵҲ֪治ڡ
һ̾Ϊﵽ֮ﵽ֮Ҳܹ£Ǵﵽ۷ʥ˵п֪½ж
ʱһԲϱǶ֮ȴ޷սʤʹߣҲֻĶӣСϵĵսףǵʹߵսףսϵѷ죬ҲɷϹƣȴ֪Ϊʲô䵽Сϣ겻ʲô⣬ʹߵΪӦҲѾﵽ֮


281 ɷѿ
ߵĻҶЩĲȻΪɷǹǣ˵ʵˡ
ǰ֮ǰԶ֮ȴ޷սʤһ𣬸еµǣ˵ֻĶӵ³
ʲô
ҶֱţΪﵽ֮ĵʹߣһ֮ôڵĵʹߣĴﵽ֮ôʵֽﵽôľ˵Ҳ֪
ƺ룬Ҳһ֮ɫ˵ʹʵǿ󣬰֮ǰ֮б۴ڣֻû뵽ʱ䣬ɷϹҲûмʹߡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ쿴ǰĻ棬˵ʦҲµûд֮Եõսףٷ֮Ϊʦ˴սʹߣս׻飬ʹһҪԶȥ
ܣû˵
˵ǺãսѾ֮Ҳһͬ졣
ĵ˵ͷҲǸ͵˵˵ûҶ֮ǿսףɼս׵ȻҲԶ
ٺ٣ȻҾͲˣŵĺöȡĻʵеԲ˵һ⡣
СӣˣղŶֵǸСӣô죿
ʦӣҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ҺϲΣҶҪշ
˵֮ҶӰʱʧһصĿǰĻ棬˵㣬Բ֮ǰĶӡ
ת֮УɫصĿܵǣΪʹսױԵֵסЩֲǣû뵽ǣǾһ㣬ÿһݺݵĲϡ
Ȼսײûбƣȥʲô֮£ûа취а̾һ׼ȥѰҳڣΪ֪ԼȥĻôȴ³ֻһ䡣
ǻûе뿪ռȻŤһɫӰǰЩĮ˵ϵĵսס
жʱһܹУƺѾµʲôսףʵϸһ㡣
˭
Щ䣬Ŭеŭȴܹ˴ôҪɱֱ׾ٵ顣
˻ҶƺЦһ㣬Ŀǰӣ˵ǰƳǣΪ𣿡
Ҷ죿
˵ԼҪնɱˣ̶ʱϳ˲ţΪظ鱨֮Уû˵󷨵Ϣ
ȻΪѾﵽ֮ĴҲֻѡΣϾһԻɱڵ󷨣˭Ҳûа취
̲Щ֪ΪʲôͼѡʦţǿʵǰѡЭôֻ½һ·
ΪնɱңظֱɷѿģҾվǰΪʲôϿжɱҲȥ
ݺݵһԼĿˮȻΪѾﵽ֮ȴû˿ҳֵ顣
˿ɣֻҪԼһ֣ǰȻֻ֮ƾǿ󷨣ȫ˲佫ɱ
ʵ벻ͨʲôʱΪһߣһܲǿ󷨣ֱЩ˼顣
γǿնɱ㣬ǵԸһж˵˼㻹ɱ׵ܵܣôưոأ
ǰӵĻҶжʱһҲû뵽ԼնɱƮ칬Ȼظ׵ܵܡ
ϸϸѹظɳ˶ǿ׷ɱԼһ֪Щʲô˼أظƮ칬ɱҶңԼظ˲ݵľ档
Ҷкһ죬ʵﵽܹظ࿹һ죬ôԥѡظ
ڵĵ֮Ҫȡϵ׵ʹߣǿսףҶ˿ɵս׵жǿ
ظҪҶңֻ֮֮ˣֻһ䣬ϵĵս׵׽вг
֪ս׵ģ
Ļ϶ʱһŵĿǰӣΪսʱһ֮еõϳԼ⣬еڶ֪һ̣ȴܹ˵ս׵֣е˼Ѿ˵˺ܶ⡣
ҵ޶ȵģս㵽׽ǲ


282 
ǰ޸ĻɢǿɱкԼаֲԸôͻԥֽɱ
̾Ϣһϵĵս׻£֮ȴڵѪһ㣬Ͼս׵
еĵսףƺ˵ʲôӲ˻ȥ漴䲻ԸĽеĵս׽˳ȥ
սףҶϲû˿ȴһ˷ܣȻһ̵ĵսѾѣȻǿޱȡ
ظǻɱң񲻳ɹǸǲ˵պҲûȥˡ
Ļ̵ɫʱ䣬Щֵ˵ô֪ģ

ҶʱЦǰȷ֪ԴӽӴŵһЩѾ֪
ǰ˶ϣֻҪԸ⣬˭ᱻڻңҶȻĮɢǿɱ
ǰɢǿɱжʱһΪ֪Լսףֽɱ
ȵȣǿɲף
׼ֵҶ죬ӵĻʱҲ¶һ˿ɻʵʲôף
㲻ɱңҰȫ뿪ҿԸһ
ӵĻҶ΢΢һЦЩĮ˵Ҫóʲôˣһڿĺء
ǰһ꣬кݺݵĿһ£ΪظĻȻŵĵλǰ󣬵ҲһӶܱġ
һ֮УظĲر֮Уһ䣬Ϊһ̻ȥòʹ
Ҳûж˵ʲô漴ӻȡһ곤Ļݣ˵ֱŻľԣֻҪ£һӦò⡣
˻Ҷ΢˱䣬ӵĻǺʦǧѩһʱƾǧɽѩ硣
Ҫһﵽ֮ûһؾԲܣ⻹ǽ츳Ļϡ
ƾǧѩӲǴһҶֱԿ϶Լٷͻ֮ﵽ֮пܡ
ǰ¶ı飬бѾ֪ԼóãǺܿ죬Цݱݺݵϡ
ˣֻܱҪ뿪ƳǵĻǻҪ
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼ȴҲԲȴǲñȥһȻֻȴп˵
ʵûбˣ뿪Ļ֮ڣұضٴϱһֵԲô
ǿеķŭʵڲȥΪкֻҪ֮һ죬ôһյв
ʵòôҲֻһ취ػƳʮʱ䣬ʮ֮Σ
΢΢һ̾룬Լͬ𣬲ʮʱ䲢ûж೤ʱ䣬˼ֻػֻҪûɧƳǣôƳظʵ޲
ǰûоܾҶҲһϲô˵ӵΪѾﵽ֮ƳǿػҲİһЩ
˿ǩԼ̶ǩԼûжִϾػƳǣǩԼôҲġ
֮Уһڣ۵ĴڣһҶͬȴû˵
˸ղŵλӣʣµҲ쵽ˣ󣬵Ȼɱ֮ЩҪ㡣
ĻжʱһȻޱȣУҲֻסڣҪɱۣȴЩ󣬵ȴû˵
ôӹҶ۽磬Ҷȴһ仰û˵ϾһССȻܹնɱۣ˭Ҳš
һӣ漴ʧ֮ڣڳֵʱѾԼƳǵĳǽ֮ڡ
Сӣ㹻ͲҪͷڹ꣬Ҳҳһս
ģͷڹ˸ӣе˵ѵûеһС
̵ģ㣬С
ʱȻڲϵţǲεϣʼղ¶棬Ҳеһ˿Ρ


283 Զ
ǰĻ棬ħ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬Сһﵹͦ˼ģû뵽Ϊһ仰Ȼƴƴ
˺ܺθڣΣҶҪշ
䣬ԺȻ˺꣬һЦݵ꣬û˵ʲôʱ֪Ǽ飿
ļ£
ǰװͿǼ¡
һŭߣҶʱеƲѣȷ֪˵ʲô漴ƺ뵽ʲôҶʵʦʵĿǼ£
Ϊһļ£
ʦǲѾ֪Ҿǵսת
ĵ˵ͷһ̣ħҲûκ漴ε˵һ֮ս˴ʣ󽫰˴ȫնɱӶ춨ʥ֮µһ˵š
ʦֻ֪Ϊʲô˴ŽԹ
ʻ¶һ˿Σ˵飬Ϊʦ֪ĺһȴ˭Ҳ
ϼһҾزסܣߡ
ʱһȻ֣ҶʱǸ˭ǱˣһλʦŵϴһΪﵽ֮ǿڣա
ݺݵĵһǰߣûɫЩ͵˵ŴŽ콣ȡս񽣣˭֪սȻ֣û뵽ǣս첻оŴŵɱ⣬ս񽣡
˴Ҷݺݵս֮е棬Ϊкʦеս񽣣ٷ֮پǻ𽡣
Ϊϲ֮󣬲γޱȵս񽣣ҶΪܹʹս񽣵ʱڤ֮ϡ
Ϊ˵ֵȣ֮ûжս֣ڵˣǸɳһǿߣֶԸս졣
ɡ
޳ܡ
յĻ䣬쳣г𣬱ɳԹħ֮ڣʣµ޳ܱǳҶ֮ˡ
˵ƺûһ㣬˵ɽۣս˴һսǽնɱһʱ¡
ҶƺоԼҲȼһ˿Ѫһ֮ս˴ʣǣֵܹ
οսһ֮նɱ˰˴ʣǧսľٶǰ޹˺ߡ
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ҿ˵սʵѾԶԿʥģǲġ
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ˣһûп˵Ҷ죬ҲǸеһ𺳣Ϊкʥ֮Ĳࡣ
Ȼֻһ֮֮ʵȴǲᲢۣ˵ǵأôʥˣصĲֻ࣬ҪɵӣһֵǸ
Ҳֻһߣոսţ˵µʱҲͬţǰ˴ʥѹս飬ȴǻʵû˿٣һʥ޷սʤô˴ʥҲ֡
ѵ˴ŵֻԶ𣿡
סϣûоԵĹƽֻӵ㹻ǿʵ˲Ų˵ʲôսܹͻʥ֮ôţǰ˴ʥ֣ҪѹսҲǲܵ顣
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûκεķԣϾΪĴ½ֻӵ㹻ǿʵ˲Ų֡
ݺݵսԼȭͷҶһ̰ģԼһҪսʵ꣬ͻʥ֮ʱǱʱ̡
Ϲ˵Ҷ쵽ǲսֻء
ҡҡͷҲһε̾ϢҪңս챻˴ʥѹǳսû֪սǲֻˣ˭Ҳ֪ǻҪ¶ۣϾͬСɣǣ˴ţһٲ
жʱһֱһ̣Ҷŷһ⣬ǾԼǲսתֻǲ²ѣһʱĲսתôǰװһ
Ҷ졣
ڡ
սתôΪܹﵽ֮ſԳƷӡս֮粻ǣҲӦ֪Ϊʦϣ㲻Ҫ½ۣΪﵽ֮˵Σ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢û˿ķԣΪкʦҲΪãϾ򲻵ѣ˭ҲԸȥ˴š


284 Ѫɷ
Ϊʦһ̣˭ҲҰٷ֮ȷҶǵ꣬һ֮նɱ˴ʣΪʥ֮µһսת
ǲô˵ҶкԼ㲻սתǧ֮ǰµʣ
һ֮ս˴ʣ󽫰˴ȫɱֲǻʵѾ֮˺ܶˣظĹӡ
Щպ˵֮Уظ֣ŲԶĺôסһ㣬ҪΪȫ󷨣ʵҪġ
ϹĻȫ޳ɣղѾ۲Ȼ㲼µȴʵ£Ϊﵽ֮ô󷨲ȫ㡣
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ҲǿеĹǣ漴ħ¶һ˿ʹһգ۵ʱ䣬ǰȻޱӡ
ɢҶ϶ʱ󾪣Ϊ£ǰѾˡ
Ҷеһ˿𺳵ǣȻѾȥɢǿȴʵʵڳռ䡣
ʦˣ
²ûǰ˵ȷѾȥֻ꣬߿ܣֻطշ˵ʵԶ֮ҡ
Ǽӻȡһᣬոճ֣һѪȵζ˲ãҪ˵Ҷ죬յ϶¶һ˿ȡ
Ѫɷܣ
Ϲʲô붼㣬֮ѰõѪɷҲ֪Ҫҵʬ壬겢һ׵飬ҾͽѪɷܣʵҪۡ
˴ҶжʱеһȣԭѪɷܻ˵ѣҪۼģҪʬ׺귽ɳɹ
ѪɷܾΪʦļɣסһ㣬չɵжԵǧҪʹѪɷܣҲҪˣֻлȴû˿ĺô
ĵ˵ͷҶӹʦеѪɷؼимѣΪкⱾѪɷؼԼѪɷǶô
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жʱϲҶ֪Ժ֮кȻֵѪϢǰѪɷܣҲ˵һѪɷʲôѪɷû˿ķ
ԺһǰѪɷܺȻʧѾ˻ȥ漴˵λʦȥˡ
ô˵Сӵȷһɽ֮ˣΪʦҲȻȥˡ
˵֮ջһĹâ˲뵽Ҷָ֮ϵ֮ڣҶҲûٳɣֱʧԭء
ʱۣǿɱȴ˿ûм෴ɱ֮ǰʤһ
ôˣ
ʱռһŤһɫӰǰ꣬ողͣĹӣʱ˫۱ŭֱӷ׼֡
ӵжҶϲû¶ٱ飬˵ǲǲҾǵսʵת
ģΪԼ˭սǰתһսǰĵأ㾹Ȼһٶսǰ첻ʬΣĲݡ
˵֮󣬹ӲڷϻڵӴ֮תϴǵڣʵѾվ֮е۷塣
ӵķŭһǰԵԵ֮ӵҶ֮ȴû¶һ˿
϶ʱһ״ɫսףҶվԭأûһ˿Ҫһ˿ҲǰĹӸеһ˿
һССҲͽֽǿһУֻϧɣҪȻʮ֮ĳɾͲ֮¡
Ļƺû⣬Ե֮ϵս֮ʱüͷ΢΢һ壬һ֮ս֮⡣


285 ٰ
ȻҶкڶת֮ڣԼƾս׵ķվŲǰӴҲ˿Ĳʡ
ǵӳֵһ̣ҶȴȻ֣ԭǰӣȻʵΪ۷壬Ѿʼ顣
꣬سɡ
Ļӵ϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣΪǿڣʵʲôԵΪﵽ۷壬Ҳûκ
ԹӺţֻҪԼ˵ôǿߣҲҪ֪ʵΪǰ꣬ȴһƣβе𾪡
ֻһһȼλĲֻ࣬ҪԼ֣㲻Ҳˡ
ʵˣ֮ϵʱֻüͷ΢΢һ£ȴû˿Ҫ㿪˼
ܿӵ۾ͻȻľΪ֮ϣȻһ˿ƶûг֡
ô˵һΪﵽڵǿߣǰֻ꣬һһССȻվŲȴ˿Ϊ
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ֱһ̣ʶ˲ãղĻ׼ŭԼѾ֮жˡ
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㲻Ϊ𣿡
Ƴǳɱ׵ܵܵҶ죡
˻϶ʱ䣬ŵ鱨֮Уû˵һǿߣһʮ󷨣ҪȥҲϼѡ
ĵ˵ͷҶЩЦ˵ٰ
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ȻżսʣҲڴ˵Ͼսʳǰ֮ǰʱ֪ء
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ڵľתʱٵתһգ۵ʱ䣬ǧӰ󣬵쳹ء
תôܣˣ
˵ȹһ۱˳ɫȴѱޱ𺳣ΪתУҸ峤ר޹
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ҶûлشӵĻԴΪﵽ֮Ѿ˾תĵתҶͬתתһˮ룬Ϊﵽ֮ﵽ֮ûӴԵҪﵽתĵתֱǳ˵λ
ǧӰŭųӼȥԵֱѹӣһ̣ԹڵʵڱɰԵѹ£ҲЩܲס
ٳɣ漴ӲתظϹؾһȡһѳӣǺܿ죬ӵϳһ˿Ρ
ؾΪظϹֻдﵽ֮˼壬ؾΪͷųǿ󹦷һ̣ȴ֮УֻҪ겻Ը⣬ô㲻ܹͨΪãҲ˵ؾֻһĹ


286 
űƵӼֱҪˣߣһСС֮УǡǡһΪĿǡ
֮УҸ޷սʤ㣬ⳡսƽ
Ȼ䲻ԸʵȻɫε˵ϾǰڵʵҲ˿ûа취
ӵĻҲҶеһ˿ȣԭΪǰڻݣսֻǸոտʼȴֱˡ
ʵڲ˼ҵΪûߣֻܲ󷨣ܹһܣҾͷ뿪Σ
ߣˣҲ䣬ΪʲôҪô󾢣ҪɱҪ㣬ҳΪūȰ㻹Ǳˡ
˻棿
Ȼһ˿ᣬҶ֪һڲԸԸôҲû˿취ʹطշҲʲôý
Ļθ˵˫һգһ¿ˮ̵ӣֱҪȥϼš
һ̾Ҷʱһ䣬ϺȻ䱬һǿɱûӷϻֱһ֮ȥ
ӣҶĶɱģϾûиʱţ߻Ϊﵽ۵ǿߵŽ
ȻҶкʦʵҪ˵ССۣظ٣Ҳû˿İ취
ҶͬһӶˣֻʵǿվڴ½۷塣
ѡԶսظļǿߣȻʵԶԿۣڶת֮Уȴǿš
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ųʧӣҶвûκεǰΪӶսǷݳݣ뽫շ
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ǰƳǣҹɫЩص˵֪ΪʲôǸоһ̵Ƴƺʲôطԣ̣ȷСӾڳУ
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ӵĻҹ棬۶һĲ죬ô˵ӵΪѾﵽֻ֮һһôܽһڴܡ
̣ǲǸˣСֻһʲôͨҲ뿹⡣
ҹʦ֪Ҷ죬ʦҾԻὫնɱҶȴҵʵս
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ĵ˵ͷһ̣ظ϶¶һ˿أϾ޵۴ʲô˼ȴ
ޣͬȼսôһߣΪͱǿĶ࣬
ǰ˼޵ôЩ鷳ˡ
ʲô鷳ģһֻСС޵۰ˣҾͲžۻ򲻹һֻ޵ۡ
ǲҪС˼޵һֻ˼ôǻԶԸһֻﵽ˼۷֣Ҳδ֡
ʱһֱûп˵Ȼ˵һصӣۣҲǾȲѡ
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һ̣ΪѾﵽ۷ЩɵƳǵֱ̼ţΪʲô߻ôǿߡ
һҲˣֳһֻ˼޵ۣҪ˵ˣڵĳڴˣҲδظҽƳǡ
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ѾʧˣЦȻͬΪظ֮ĵλֱᲢۣҲһֱһĲʵٳ޷ͻƣλ㲻λᣬܹ˻ɱ


287 Զַ
ܳˣ
ʱһɫӰȻ֣ɫĮĿǰӣҶкЩνĴĶѾһĵز
Ȼֵ꣬ϲûжپȣô˵һڣֻһѸܵϢ
Ҫ֮еõһǧ˲ǵΪԲܳԽңүܹҳˣݶ飬պһỹġ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûбʾʲôֻǰһо޵еĴڣһȴ˵ˡ
ѾҪˣȻȥظʲôϢ֪ͨҡ
ˣүһ²֪òø㡣
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֮ǰųϷһԶַ˵治ʥŹǣһѪҺβŴŶԶַҲһֱš
ԶַŴţ壿
֣Ҷкݺݵһ£ΪǾŴŻ壬һ̶ܿģҶԶַһ֪
ǲ֪ԶַҶȴ֪ԶַеĶʲôʥŹǺѪҺһǵ˴ҡ
ǺܿҶɫѾޱ𺳣ȻǿޱȣֻҪһ첻Ϊôޣֻվ޵۷塣
ղ˵ʲôѪҺ
үŴ֪ԶַȻѪҺҲԵޱȿأϾһ൱Ĵڣ˭ԵõѪҺĻ˵ͻ֮Ҳһ
Զַʲôʱ
ҶкȻʵй֮޲ǲô˵ҪƾѪҺﵽ֮ܵ顣
Ҫ˵֮ʱ˵õѪҺܹһ綼ǲˣҶţʱܹõѪҺĻ˵Դ֮һٴﵽ֮
֮󣬶µû֮ŴŻ壬Լ˱Զַõȴ֮Զַ
Զַʲôط
۹֮÷򡣡
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵֪ˣ֮һ÷򣬵صţӦ֪ô˵ɡ
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˵֮ûٳɣϾкǰ滤֣Ҳ˼һ֮С
ѾʧӣҶ¶һ˿Ц˾㳼ԼҲŹӡ
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翵ͨϣܿǰĿռٱ任һգ۵ʱ䣬˱һǿ֮С
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ģû뵽ǸһȻұʦţλصţһŹ
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ǰĺ꣬ҹЩĵ˵鱨֮УǰֻһΪﵽߣУֻϰĴڡ
û뵽ظȻôǿǰǸ߿ˡ
Ҷ죬ʶ࣬ôͰ罻˵ʱ󷢴ȱʹ㡣
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ĻҹƺЦһ㣬Щ˵Ҷ֮ôǿΪĴ½ֻǿ߲ܹõıҶƾʲôѵͽƾһۣҪЦˡ
ȻΪ˱Ҷ֮ɱƮ칬кβԣڿԸǣֻҪһҵʵﵽһ̶ȣʱһȥظˣظĲΪˡ
ҹƺ˵ʲôȴһһֱûп˵ֹ֪ΪʲôǸоԼЩԾȻΪﵽ۵˶еһ˿


288 Ͻţ
ʦ֣˿СܳȥɱʱҲþ뿪ȥ
ĵ˵ͷǿеһ˿ɫصĿǰĺ꣬˵Сĵ㣬˸һֺΣյĸо
˻ҹɫʱޱȣȻΪѾﵽһۣߵӣȴǴﵽ֮
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дʲôҹкϾֻһȴһ˼ɵʵЩͬѰ
뵽ҹҲʱ֮ģȴȻ¶һ˿ģ漴һһգ۱ʮ֮ڡ
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ҹɵƨҲܹõԼͻȻʧȥΪ˭ģʵû뵽겼µ󷨾Ȼ֮
ҪΪԼ޵УʱʵԱǿһǧڸһᣬƽʵ֮£ֻҪܹսʤңҾͷ󣬷ʲôԼӦܹ뵽
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û뵽ʵȻﵽ˵زС㣬ܹҵǿһˡ
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ҡҡͷȴһ֮ɫЩص˵֮µһˣѰҲǴӵĶ֣ҹ滽Ͻţ˭˭ӮҲ޷ȷ


289 ޺һ
ӵĻɫʱ䣬ʵû뵽ʵȻﵽȵز֮µһˡ
Ҷû˿ĿǣֱϽţΪӰ˼ֱӽޣһһʵҲԲСơ
Сӣʵȷǿ֮ԿԺ޼ɣҲĶ֣Ͻţ֮£ֻѡ
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ȴû˵ֻɫصĿǰ֪꣬ΪʲôȻֻȴһΣյĸо
Сӣôֵҵ޺һ
ʱһ쳹صһιǿ֮Уͷţ㣬˵Ĺ졣
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ȻŵƮ첽СôŵϾѧ
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ǻ̫ССˣľתھȻŵ翲ݲ򵥡
Ϊŵ߻ǾתƮ첽󳬼ŵĲ֮أȴͬʱͬһϣ˼Ҳǲ¾
ԴתĵתҶѾﵽһֲزԱһ߼޵塣
һ򱻴½֮Ϊǿ壬˾תÿһ峤Ǵﵽ˿ֲλá
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ҶȻ¶һ˿ЦԺ֮кȻһȭȭǳս¼֮С
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ĵ˵ͷ⣬ϾѾǵƿأһκһˣʱʵҲظ֣ȴһ


290 Ū
ʹϹǻһжȷ⣬ϾѾ޷ȷݡ
Ҫ˵ǣ٣ʹĹҲͬ뷨Ͼһʵظ
ʦ֣ҹô죿
һ̣ҲЩ֪ˣô˵ҹ涼Żȥ֮ҲŽ
ҪҹˣҶֶ֣һܹҪľǰ¸
ƺ˵ʲôΪҲʦ˵һ㶼ûдϾʵѾǵ֪Χ
Ȼߣȴ޷߳ȥϾҶµĶתƴ𶼿סǿ󷨡
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ظȷ涨֮ڵйǿĹй¶ȥձʦŴҲɴ˵ؾҪԡ
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291 һɱһ
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ϽţҲ֮зŽǰ壬ô˵ΪƣҶһȭֱӺϽţ塣
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ĮĿһѾԼɱˣҶ쿴ΧǿգԼΪһܹﵽ֮ôԶһ˲¶תƴ󣬵ʱ֮£˭ܹ࿹⡣
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˶תƴҶ쿴ǰʦЩʵʦѵҪ뿪𣿡
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ߵĻҶ漴߹һ񣬶ħҲûٳɣֱʧԭء
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ȻǸϼһûи㣬ҲԽȨ뵽ʱϹһģһ£ÿ꣬Ǹͽܾͻȥһأϻ꣬ҲµûӦѾ֪뺮顣
ʦڸô죿
Ҷкʦ˵ͽܣͬһΪﵽ֮ľǿߡ
֪ôΪնݳλŵһԥĳ֣ڵ˵ŵĶ֡
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ģû뵽϶Ȼˣ֪ˣֱֽնɱǸ۵Ķ϶϶صţǾʹ²ˣҪԳˡ


292 һ
Ҷڴ˴һᾪȵķ֣ڵĵطǵ֮дɽҲһŵ
ȻظɳߴǿߣѾԼնɱҶȴȻûƳǵ뿪սΪҲȷظ᲻ǰ
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ɫһӴʵҶһֲǺܿ㳹׵ȶʼҩ
ˮŴ֮ڣһˮɫ༫ΪӢʱӵҲ¶һ˿֮ɫǰŮӡ
ˮΪһ飬ǸСǲǼλ棿
ˮŴ֮ڵһһŮˮˮ޳ĶŮСˮԴӵմпռСˮҶֿصˮš
ˮˮ޳һΪﵽǿߣ֮Уˮ޳ʵԿŽǰ
΢΢һ̾Сˮкÿһνпռˣֻаٷ֮ʮܹȫλȽĹˣȴûһܹų
пռˣûднĹˣ󶼱ǿӲ̬նɱǱĳʵҲͬС
ӹҶҲǵһнĹȴûκµˣŵ֪ôֱԿ϶žԻԥĽҶնɱ
ҪҶң˵Ѿпռ䣬ѵͲܿŮϣһء
ȻȻ֮ŵҲӦ֪ǽпռ䣬λ潣Ĺˣ³ֻһ
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ҡҡͷˮ޳һҲһأԼŮ˼ῴǴС㽫Сˮһ
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λ֮Уŵ֮⣬ŵλֻǴﵽ֮Ҫͻֱ֮ϼѡ
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ˮ޳ɲΪƾһСӣܹŵĵһһΪﵽ۵ļһ࿹⣬պ鷳ھ
˻СˮɫʱޱЩŭغûаҵŮһûг㽫ˣûʹҵ˼ҺòϲһˣȴٰӣѵҪҲɣ

һŭˮ޳˫۵ǰŮӣҪŮŮ˵ѳֽնɱΪûһ˸˵С
ôŭˣھͽɱˣһҲû˼ˣҸ㣬Ҳ޸죬Ȱ㻹İɡ
ˮѵΪһɵˣԼ׵Ļˣ
ǿЦ㻹֪ԼҵףǸ߸ϵˮҶҶʲô飬ǰ
һȻŮˮ޳΢΢һ̾Ȼˮŵλ֮ߣ֮⣬˿ɱȡ
ԼŮ֮ĹϵȴһֱеһĲĻ˻֣ˮ޳Щį˵СطûҵС뿪ˮһ
˵֮ӺȻڴ֮ڣΪȻﵽ֮С㣬롣
ݺݵĵһǰӣСˮ뿪˴ô˵ӶĸףˮǿҪ뿪ˮţˮûа취
ѾʧŮˮ޳ЩĮһˣҲ뿴ʲôˣȻŪˮҡ


293 һ
Ĳɣʧһ̣ҶҲͻһƿﵽһ֮
Ҫﵽһ֮ϴ֮еǰǣҪϴмǣʣµڣȴҪϴһǡ
ҶȻȫҲֻǽϴǵǰǣﵽһ֮Ѿ⡣
̶֮䣬һ޷ķﵽʵٶȣһЩŵܹԽ
үظߴǿѾԱնɱǲǿԳȥˣ
Ŵ֮ϵĺ꣬һ඼޷һȻնɱۣڣǶôµһս
۽ĲѾȫڣ֮Ĳ࣬ǼֱһԽĺ蹵
УȻնɱظˣʲôĻظԲưոݣǻȥ
˵֮Ҷһӣ漴һӳǰǱˣ֮нŵİüӥ졣
׼նɱҶ죬ûȴסһڵ֮ٵתԥĳˡ
ʦ֣㻹ʡʡɡ
ΪߵĵëʨǰüӥԱ߻֣Ѿʵ˿ڵҶ졣
Ӵ֮ʱײһ𣬰ɫĿǰ˵꣬㵱ҪʦţСĵʱʬ޴档
һʦ֣лĽ̵ӽҶ֪㲻ᱳʦţηһպҵۡ
˻Ǵ֮ڵˣüӥ춼һĴ£ΪԼȴû뵽ǰӾȻҪŹԼ
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Ĭϣ˽ëʨ⣬˶һľȣô˵üӥһڣڷˣ˵պпܳΪС
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źƳǣüӥЩӵô㶼ҵǸС꣬պҪٴһỹ顣
˵֮󣬰üӥûٳɣֱӳź󷽼ȥʱƳǵĳǽ֮ϣȻӰ
ѾʧӣҶһ˿Цݵ˵ʵǲ÷ҲɱƳǣҲպһС
Ļҡҡͷᶨɵ˵㲻˽Ƣη뿪ѡͬʱһỹ顣
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ûٻشĻ漴תЩȵ˵Ͼǰ껹ֻ֮תۼͻˣٶȣֱ˸еЩ˼顣
ǰĺ֪꣬Ǵ½Щ֮ڵȣҲʲô
֮У֮Ϊһ죬Ҳڶʮﵽ֮ǰ꣬ȴʮ궼ΪѾﵽ֮ʮʱܹﵽʲôľ磬˭Ҳ˵
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ϾڵĽëʨѾΪˣԼˣʲô
õһԽͻˣֻһڶѡ
ĻʱһҪﵽڣЩʾ۵ҪҪһʱ䣬епһӶֹڴˡ
ȴǲѣûеһ˿Ƶǣų֮Ϊһһ˵ľţڶʮǰҲûдﵽĸ߶ȣ벻ףǰ굽ôġ
겻һȻ츳ûлŵ֧֣ô츳Ҳڶʮ֮ǰͻ֮
ȴֻ֮һ꣬ȴֻһС壬Ļ֮УٶȾȻܹԼڣôΪֻﵽʲôĵز


294 ǿһ
Ĳѣֱץĸоһ̣֪ΪʲôкȻһָоǾպĳɾͣԲ
ǽһ£Ϊͻˣﵽʲôĵز
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һ죬Ҷʱ˫ȭݺݵصףԼҲǬƣ˲ԭģ
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295 ˮ
һǰŰԽĴɽҶжʱһУҪ˵˴ţеκһţܶԸ˵ġ
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Ļˮ޳Ц漴Ķǰĺ꣬һһ˵ܹﵽ֮

֣ҶٴһΪ˵һֻҪ֮ô뵽ǿ֮С
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ֱȷˮ뿪ҶɫŻķʵŵʵΣ
֣Ҳʱ¶һǰδеأ˵챻ΪŵһǧһţʮѾﵽ֮һûнʱϣʵԿһ¥Ҿڣ۵ʵҲһЩ֮ǿ߶ս
˻ҶжʱһϾ֮ĲǶôĴȴܹ֮ǿ߶սֱЩ˼顣
үˡֱԣȻٶҲҪһ֮ﵽ࿹ĵزʵеѡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵зִ磬պһ뿪ƳǣʱƳǾͰˡ
үģƳڣƳ
Ȼ֪ǰҪȥʲôǻȴܹµһ㣬ϾҪȢСˮҪǿʵܡ


296 ɷ
Ҷ첻ҶȫӵƳ֮ڣһ˿ĵĶȹʷ޵졣
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297 һ
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298 
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λôȻɽıޱȣźػҰ֣δĶ֡
˵ħĴ֮һڵħۣΪӣ⴦ɽҲȷ֣ȴ롣
Ǹϵɽʱû뵽ɽȻžżػҪ˵ڣ٣Ҳδܹսʤֻż
ҪźػɽıǹҲôڲ룬˵ѪΪӽ壬ʵ֮ǿһҲδ֡
е˵ĺܶԣҪǵǸνնɱֻҪնɱôʱɽı˭ģڸƾ¡
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ӵĻڵߴħۣĵ˵㣬ΪкֻнնɱлõɽĶ
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299 ʮ
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ĴħڵħۣȻΪﵽħ֮ȴֻܸģϾڵѾǰ
ʱһֲϢͻȻӺɽſֲϢħڵ˰˴ħڣÿһ˵϶¶һ˿ֻš
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֣ҶжʱеһԼһʦħڣ˵Լлõɽı
һ̣ҶѾȷɽǼԲ򵥣򲻿һֻʮػ
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ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûκεķԣΪʦ˼ҴӸղŵֻҪԼɽôҲԲɽ
ںɽ֮ƾʮ޵ĿֲϢһܺõҶû˿ĳɣֱɽ
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ڵ֮ٵӿֱӳźɽȥǿǸոսɽһɸϢٴγɽԲ׵ķΧ֮ڡ
¶һ˿ЦݣҶ漴ڵϿʼѡĹȴս¼֮еڤô˵ħޣڤʣѳ
Ǻܿ죬ͷųĿֲϢٴʧûа취ҶֻѡٴϾҲɵϡ
ҶںɽĺչһУûûеĳսƺҲϰֳսҶȻԼǵǣȻɶļ
жʱеϲϾΪﵽ֮ҪϴһǼֱϼѣҶкҪϴǣΪﵽ֪֮Ҫȵʲôʱ


300 ޻ʽ
ڵãոͻ֮ȻôɶֻҪϴɹôǣǱ׵Ķࡣ
ģĸ۵ĶȻϷˣӣӽҪƤС
ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻ䴫һ쳹صıŭ漴һӿֲϢ˲ɽ
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Ǳ˸ϢҶֻ᲻ΪȻϾħʥ½޵еı֣˭ҲţϾȻħʥڡ
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ȷˣΪʦµĲħɳЩˣֻһЩڻҰˣȵɽĵףĵƲŻ
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ʦ˵Ҷ첢ûие˿ľȣϾŻħ˴ţΪ½ϵĳţûһЩ̣ô겻ء
ĺú룬Ҷԣʱ뿪ɽϾ󳬼ػ˵ɽıԲǷƷ
һˣôҶԥѡ뿪ɽϾڵʵҪ˵ʮ޺ʮһޣǰ˼޵ۣܶԸ˵ġ
ڲͬˣħڲɳ˰λħۣ󻹻ɳʵǿǿߣ˵ʱĿ̵ְҲ˵
뵽Ҷ㲻ٳɣֱٴչƮ첽ٴλص˺ɽҶûϴһ㣬ֻǾںɽš


301 ϳɾ
ԴҶɽתѾȥеһ˿ǣħڵ˾Ȼûٴγֹ
ҶȴںɽıħھԲ׷ںɽȻֻػ
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302 ·ȷ
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֮Щħӻԥĳȥ˺ߵİ˴ħ⣬Ҫıǰ˵ʵһǰ֡
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303 
ǰȻֵĺеһѾȫľˣ޻ʴʲô˼ˡ
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㲻ҪǣȻλħǰµķӡѾʧµǼȴǼСȾָģȰȻǾȥںɽͲֵˡ
ڣС㣬Ȼƾħͻƿﵽʮһ磬ҪǶԿֻѰ·ħӡҿһΣ
ĻǿԴӦֻҪ㽻ħӡǿԷŹ㡣
ЦƾǣһȺļһӡħʥѾ㵽ǻħӡԵ˲·ӡ⣬ħϣܹ氲ȫ
ӡħʥħ֮м֮Ϊħ֮µһˣӡħʥʵǿһΪħӡ
ƾħӡӡħʥֱǲ񻰣ӡħʥôվħʥֻҪһ첻ﵽħ֮㲻ܹӳħӡʵ
ӡħʥ׿˵Ҳֻܹʹħӡٷ֮ʮħӡϲӡһʱħ٣Ҳһӡѹ


304 һս
ħ֣ڳİ˴ħͬʱɫ󾪣Ϊ֮Уκһ˶ħʲô˼
ģӡħʥȻˣħ󣬴˵ħʥ޷ֿĳ󡣡
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Ҷȴû˿Ҫߵ˼ƺɽıѾҪƵģһգգĶԶħ
ΪҶ췢֣µħȻܹĶתй֮޲
СӣѵҪǳ
ʦĻҶ켫䲻Ը̾Ϣһܹصħһ˵ܹҳ󷨵İء
Ҷȴħڵʵʦʵٷ߲֮ħ
ʦ˵ⳡ˭Ӯң
Ȼħô˵ħʥʵͬСɣΪʦ˫ս»һѷʤľ档
ĵ˵ͷʵҶ뵽ȻħǿޱȣǱϾӡħʥԲҲֻܷӳ㡣
ڣħʥȻֶԸԾӵħټʮһ޻ʵʵҪܰ˴ħʥҲЩܡ
ʦܸܲҽӡħʥ顣
Ҷһţһվ뿪Ͼð֮ΣգҪΪ˺ɽıǿ˫ս
ӡħʥΪʦҲûмˣ˵սͬһʱʱħţսʱ֮Ϊʥ֮µһˣӡħʥȴ֮Ϊħ֮µһˡ
ħ֮µһˣ
˴ҶҲûмħǰ˾֮ɫϾܹħ֮µһˣѾ˵λħǰʵжôǿ
ûйӣԹϾļ˵Ȼӡħʥ֮Ϊħ֮µһˣսȴʵӡħʥһƽ֡
ħʥƽ֣
ֱһ̣Ҷ̲סȻԼǷսתдѯǵ˵սʾȻܹħ֮µһսƽֱ֣ޱȡ
Ͼкħʥ֮ĲൽжǸһ޷Խĺ蹵ħʥУֻһֻϰĴڡ
ֻϰĴڣȴһħʥǺųħ֮µһ˵ӡħʥƽ֣˵ʲô
ƺӦ˵еĲҲһ꣬ô˵ľţûһġ
һսνǿһս½֮ϲ֮µߣʥħʥҲǾϾĿһս˭Ҳһսսʵ£Ǳ˴ʥѹɽ֮¡
Ҷû֮˵ȥսתôѵһ̣ضȥҰ˴ʥ
ʦղǿ˵ħӡʲôƺӡ
ֹ˵ӡħʥҲֻʹ˲ȴƾ޵֣䵽֪ʲôӵġ


305 ŭ
ӡħʥ޷ȫʹħӡҶ첢ûиеһ˿⣬Ͼħʥʵôǿʼûдﵽħ֮
Ȼħʥħֻ֮һ֮еʵȴ֮ĲԽΪħѾվ½ˡ
ħʹã֮£ȫʹԶ£Ҷ첢û˿⡣
ħӡΪʦҲûмħӡֱǷӡӡӡӡӡ˵ܹӡһô٣Ҳ˲佫ɱ
˴ҶϺݺݵһ£ӡһ٣Ҳܹ˲ɱε
ħӡӡӡӡӡӡܹõʱҲ塣
ƺ֪Լĵӻ˵նʱЦЩЩ˵ΪʦϲɽӡħʥĹء
ӡĹأ
⻰ʱҶһϲֲһССĺɽһֻʮػȻһֻʮһ޻ػ
ҪҲˣȴƫƫɽȻħİλħʣħʲôҶҲˡ
ɽӡħʥĹأô˲ȫ⿪ҲûһҪҶţħӡҲںɽ֮С
ֱһ̣Ҷһ£ںɽ֮ıٷ֮پǵӡħʥǼħӡ
֪ɽıħӡҶ˵ʲôҲŹᣬս˫ûпչ˵ʲôҲ׳֡
ȴһˣǺħ˴ħʥڿûһܹħӡ
ڴսĺħ˴ħʥ֪ԼһΪֻǸոմﵽһڵļһȻ˵ħӡ飬һᱻιȥ
Сĵͷųڵ֮һĳźɽȥҶеľǣɽ֮ԶԶ֪Χ
˰ʱҶźòһΪĺɫռڣſռڵĺҶϳ֮ɫ
ڿʼΪʦҪȫϢһȫҪԼһĲл֣ʱΪʦ»˲ɻ𡣡
ʦĻҶд󾪣Ĳл֣꣬ʦ˲ɻ⵽ô£ҶٴʵʦյϢʧӰ١
Ҷ첢ɵϣ෴ڵҶǴһֻ࣬ҪʦĿѾ֪ԼĿռ䲻һ㡣
ҲҶиȷһ飬ǾǺɽĵȷȷǵ걻Ϊħ֮µһˣӡħʥĹء
ʱһɿֲϢ˲޿ҵĿֲϢҶжʱһΪò⣬Ҳ֪˭
ɽһӵֻޣһֻʮһֻʮһֻʮһںħ˴ħʥսϾ鷳
ֻʮһ޻ʺôɽֻʣһޣֻѾʧʮ
ȻΪֻǸոմﵽһھ磬һֻʮ棬Ҷ첢ûѡκεӱܣ־ܡ
ΪҶкԼֻ֮Ĳൽж൱Լʦʵܿġ
Ʈ첽ʱչһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷ㳹׵ʧԭأʱɫռȻŭһ㡣
ֻСɽһı۾Ȼڿռ֮ڣһ˶ͷ­ڿռ䣬Сɽһͷ­ϣȻһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼӽߣǲô˵һޣֻǵӡħʥ£ǧҲڴﵽһ߶ȡ
ҲעֻӳعֻкΪﵽʮһ޻֮ܿ˵
ҪûΣȴҪΪﵽʮʥ֮ɴﵽֻȴҪﵽľ磬һһ
ӡħʥĻƾ߳ʵ˵ҲһͻƵʮ磬ʥ֮
һʵΪ壬ʵΪĹҪ໹ҪǿҵĶ࣬޵ֻӵޱǿʵſԶһ
ҪһȻʮһΪѾԣҪ޵£ܹﵽʮʥ֮վ޵۷塣


306 ˮ
ĺȻʧʱеޱȣȻΪûдﵽʮ磬ܿ˵ȴӰǻۡ
һ˵ֻҪﵽ֮ӵǻۣ֮ǿ壬ֻҪﵽ磬ӵеǻ۾⡣
ԴΪﵽһ֮Ҷ췢ԼƮ첽࣬Ȼ˵Ǵﵽ翵ľ磬Ѱܹġ
ҸҪǣƮ첽ŵϹֻŵſҲ˵Ʈ첽Ҫԡ
ŲԶСɽСͷ­ҶݺݵһԼĿˮȲ˵ʵΣѾ˵˫
ղҶֻǿֻֻ۾ȴûֻ޵Ҷֻ֪ʮһ޻ʵҶϵıʡ
ƺӦϢ˶ͷ­תһߣĿŲԶ꣬Ȼܿ˵еɱȴǲԶġ
֣֮вŽɽģԻ㲻Ҫ֣ȴ·ˣָҴ·
˵˻Ҷ춼оԼ޳ܣԼ㾡زŽĺɽھȻܹ˵Ϲ
ҶкڵΪﵽ֮һֻʮ棬ҲֻĶӵķݣиûһ˿ĽҳɷС
Ҷ첻˵ã䣬һֲϢֱӽ֣Ϣ֮еɱֱһֲֿĵزҶ˿ɣֻҪԼԶһ£һ̺Իĳֽɱ
ƺɣһֻΪﵽʮ棬ҪɱԼֱ׾ٵ飬Լû˿ķſ
ΪǰĺԼ֣Ҷû뵽ǣǹɿֲɱȻתۼʧӰ٣һ˿û¡
û뵽һССҲҽɽҴоȣȻʵܵ΢΢Ҹնɱ㣬һҺϤζ
ǰ޾Ȼ˵Ҷɫʱ䣬Ϊɽһֻֻޣֻܹ˵ĺȴħʥòɿ
ʣµĺֻһֻʮޣع˵ܿ˵Ͼʲôޡ
ƺ룬Щɷ˵˸ëսӢҵϹҵĺӸոջȥɽһֱһڵء
˻ҶֱҪˣΪɽֻһֻżޣȴ֪ôģżȴʮޡ
⻹㣬ںɽʱ򣬾ȻĪٴγһֻʮһ޻ʣǿǻʵ޻ʣ뵱սͬһĴڡ
⻹꣬Ϊֻ޻ħ˸ɵƴսԼͿԻˮ㣬ʣµֻżûеһ¡
ΪҶкħνɽİˣÿһ˵Ϊﵽħ֮ʮħͺһû˿ֿСһ㡣
Ϊ˱ֻ֤ʮ޵İȫ޻ʺԲԼĺӳڰǰһصĺܺá
Ͼô˵˴ħֵʵСƣһþпնɱ棬Ż޹˼ɵĽɽ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣɽֻ֮⣬Ȼһֻʮһ޻ʣʲôк
ܿҶѾȻˣô˵ɽǵħ֮µһˣӡħʥĹأûǿǧӡħʥĹ粻֪˭ˡ
ֻ޻ʣһֻ棬ʵڴ½ϵκһطȻ󲨣ϾϣѾĴڡ
翵ʥħħʥǶѾΪ˴˵ȻʱѪ˵ѪĹһλħʥ򣬵ҶλѪĹȵħʥѪҲûۼ
û۽ĶҶҲţѪĹħʥôʣħڣţҲʥ
һ㣬Ҷû˿ĻɣϾûʥ򣬶ΨѪĹȴħʥôѪĹһֽż
ѪĹûôֻ˵⣬ҪѪĹȸûʲôħʥҪҲʥ
ȻΪҲѾﵽʮ޻֮ΪʲôȥϹֶԵУĺûᵱԸ
Сӣ㲻ʹʲôΪһ˽ǧ꣬ƾ㻹ҵĶ֣ߵǰ˸СҲʲô


307 ɽ
˺ĻҶʱеһȤʵ벻ͨȻɽӵ޻ʣΪʲôֽߵİ˴ħʥնɱ
ҶкȻǰĺҪƾһֻʮһɱ˴ħʥֱЩ̫ܡ
ҽкΣҵɷڶϣҵĺӽк棬ȻɽһһâĻҿԿǲɱ㡣
кݺݵıһǰޣֲÿԼ֣ԭԼҶȴûκεİ취˭˼ұʵǿǿܶࡣ
޻֮Ĳֱ࣬ᲢۣһڣϵȵĴڣȴһ
½ϵţħĴţһ֮УĴڣʡ
ǰʲô뾡˵ֻҪܹǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳ岻ݴǡ
Ļֻ۾ʱ࣬ϵɱҲ˲ʧӰ٣ռҲʼ仯
ž֮ϵǬҶд󺹣ԭղĸǿռ䣬Ǻֲռ֮ڳ޾ĺ
ˣҶ˫ҲһգգĿǰ˽ĵҶʵ󣬺ɽж
ƺеɻ󣬺漴˵㲻øеȣɽֻвǧĵ򡣡
ǧ
⻰ҶжʱеɻѣҪ˵ڶս˫ǰޣɣǧܹɵЦ
Ҷƺ뵽ʲô϶ʱļ侪ȣЩ𺳵˵ɽǻþ
ôǻþΪССĺڳܹһ𣿡
ȻҶѾ뵽˺ɽһþǵõȷд𰸵ʱл̲סеһȣϾɽþʵ̫ǿˡ
ҶΪԼ󷨵оѾﵽһ磬ǻþǸźɽĻþʱеһ־֮ܵĸо
ܹ֮󷨣Ҷ벻ڶˣ˵ħ֮µһˣӡħʥ֮⻹˭
㲻ҪҲˣڻþӡ裬ǵ걻Ϊ֮µһ˵սǰµĴսʵ˵٣ȫµȫɽҲƳڻþ
˻Ҷжʱʵû뵽֮󣬾ȫȫˣ޷ƳĻþȻǵʥ֮µһս衣
ֱڣҶ춼޷ȷԼǲսתԼսתô˵ǰڻþԼµġ
ûκεĳɣҶֱԺ֮гһ飬漴һҳһҳķţҶ췭ڶҳʱȻдźڻþĸ֡
ֱһ̣ҶҲûκλɣǰǵ걻Ϊʥ֮µһˣսԲµĴ
Ҷ벻ͨģսӡħʥħԣһչһսΪʲôսҪӡħʥĹزǿ󷨡
Щ֪ģ֮һ벻ĺô
˵֮ĺתۼֻСӣٵĳǰȥٶ֮죬Ҷ춼Ϊ֮ȡ
Ҷȴû˿ĲԸ⣬ȻƾƮ첽뿪ɽںɽħӡ͵òˡ
ħӡҶ͸ȲĽҪõ飬ô˵ҪõСˮͱӵǿʵ
Ȳˣ˵ǸΪǧһ죬ԲʮѾﵽ֮ΪٶȣҶҲ侴岻ѡ
컹ûн֮ҶкֻҪ磬֮ٷ֮پܹﵽ֮
ҺʣѾŶΪǵλʵڵһ޷Ĵɽ
˵ĻҲӺʣֻҪһ֮Сˮɻ֮ô֮֮Բ
Ҷֻһʱ䣬һʱڣΪٴﵽ֮пսʤ㡣
ŲֻһˣԼóȻףôŵڶǿһ֣ʱӵͷۣҲڶǿ
ںòлõħӡҶô׷ϾֻҪõħӡôһ֮֮УҲһݰա


308 ط
һ̣ҶΪһ֮֮жܹӡħʥħӡ־ڱصá
ܿ죬Ҷźһ֮⣬ֻԴվڹµʱϳ˾η֮顣
òҶҲ֪ǰǧɸߵĹٷ֮ٵǵħ֮µһˣӡħʥĶҪȻ˱顣
Ϊطǵӡ˼ҵҲУȥȡһ
ֱڣҶˣԭǼɵڵӡħʥ꣬ԲŻԼȥħӡٷ֮Ҳڱ֮ڡ
Ҷ첢ɵӣǹ˼ɹǺ¹֮е꣬ô˵ǰһħʥһħ֮µһˡ
ǰԤϵĲطڵŷ֮ʵ޷ȡеĶ𣿡
ĻεɫʱޱȣǺݺݵ̾ϢһϾ˵Ļʵ
˼ɵطڵ귴ɣӼɵϣô˵ӡħʥĻޣԼȴҪõ˵ı
Щ㲻ҪʣڵʵȥڵõǼû˿⣬ȡǼңҾͷ뿪ɽΣ
ãҴӦ㡣
˿ĴӦζʱеһ˿ȣȴһ˷ܣԴӡħʥ֮󣬱ڵζõ
ԸΥ֮һھͽ˱֮ڣû뵽ǣӡħʥȻˣ֮ȴȻڡ
µǣӡħʥ֮Ȼʶ¿Ż˺ˣ˿޵ʹԼ˲ɱˡ
ӡħʥϾħˣײУԼĻ޼ȻȾָԼȻѾŹˣȴĽڶϴʮʥʮһ޻ʡ
Ҷ֪ɽޣоȻһֻʮʥ֪кθ룬Ҷһ飬ǽڵõǼ
ûκεĳɣҶֱƮ첽չһգ۵ʱʧԭأ뱦ڵʱҶʱеһ󲻿ħ
жʱһҶĵֵסˣҪϱˣֻҪΪﵽ֮ᱻɰԵħɡ
ħӵڤʵҶ죬עʲô飬ҶҲԿ˰ʱʹħʧ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ˵걻Ϊħ֮µһˣӡħʥʵһ֮֮Ȼﵽ˵ز
ŲҶ컺м䣬ſտҲıʵ벻ףѵ֮ڳħ֮⣬ʲôҲûˣ
ҡҡͷҶֱӲ翵ħܿطĵڶ㣬ڶ㣬Ҷ۾Ҳ벻ˡ
ΪطĵڶһħӡϾղŴ߿طһֻ㣬һոѾȥħ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
ڱ֮ڵĵڶûʲôħӡһź壬òҶҲ֪ǵħ֮µһˣӡħʥꡣ
ӡǰ֮ڣʲôԵĵطǰ¡
ٺٺ٣˵ǲһġ
ʱźתۼһõӰȻҶ޷Ӱ˫ҫ۵˫ۣıϢȴôҲֵסġ
ǰ˵ûȷǺƽģҽȡһ
ǲħӡ
ĵ˵ͷҶû˿Ϊкһǧ˵ԼѸʵ֡
䵽ʱ򱻽ҴʹʹĳϣҶҲǰӡħʥԼʲôɱģϾҲһʵڡ
Ȼˣ֮ʱ˱ҪȡħʱһʱʴȣҲǰʱ⣬Ҳնɱˣֻǽڶϴʮ磬Ĵʮһ磬Ϊ˻;֪û뵽ǰʱ䣬˾Ȼǵҵ
΢΢һ̾ҶܹǰӰеĿԼĻÿǣȷһ쳣Ƶ顣
ǰߺħ˴ħʥսҺʹħ˭˭Ӯ֪
֪ƾ˸ССħʥҲƿҵħ󣬼ֱǺڶҪƾħɱˣҲǲ̫ܣ˵ԡ


309 ֻ
ҶҲʵû뵽ħ˴ħʥսĺڶϣǧǰȻһֻʮʥֻǱӡħʥĴȥһȼ
ϣҸܵһɺϤϢҲµûǸϲתû뵽Ȼɹˡ
˻Ҷɫʱ䣬ΪɵϣӰ˵ĻΪԼǵ걻Ϊʥ֮µһսʵת
ֱһ̣ҶڿȷԼǵ걻Ϊʥ֮µһˣնɱ˴ʵսתҲûκλɡ
ҶȻתתȴκ֪ǰ˴ŵˣ˴ŲŹԼ
õ괫УôҶ쵱Ȼ°˴ŵˣ˴ʴսħ֮µһӡħʥƽ֡
Ҷﻹ֪ԼҪõУôɽȥһˣΪûдﵽ֮ǰɽȴôҲȥ
ΪԼһŭ֮նɱ˴ʣ˰˴ʥȻһʥ࿹⣬Ҫ˴ʥսʵЩʵ
ȻҶ첻֪Ϊʲô˴ʥûнԼնɱǽԼѹɽԼֻء
ҪԼһ֮ŵţҲʦ˵Ҫܹѣһ̣Ҷ֪˴Ѿ˲ݵĶԹ
ӡǰȻתתȴûѣǰΪʲôתֻأ
ҲҶеɻģϾΪﵽʥ֮ӵʥ֮󣬵ȵ֮ʱԼǿдֻأֻҪܹɹôһȻҪͷʼȴӵһļ䡣
ֻҪΪﵽʥǿߣʱһ㶼Լֻأֻǧ֮һĻᣬҲŹ
˴ʥԼѹɽǽԼ꣬԰˴ʥߵִֻأҶԼҳɹԼڵҲӡ
ڵ屻ӡôֻذǧҲѣԼ˰ֻأÿһ϶һ
³ʲô
ΪĴ½ҪĬĬŹһҪǱһӣпֱܱնɱǷ³
Ժյļ֮УȻ³һһܺõӣԼڻĵ۹󽫾Ҷҡ
һһ׵׵ķԺһ˸ӲҵǱԼ˿𣬺ֱ˻顣
Ľʲôԭɵģ׻֣ΪǷ㲻תٻأʵһġ
ù˲һֱȥԼһȻ֮еɽ£ԼʦԼڵľǴϹ
ҶţֻҪԼܹѣʱʵһһ¥ͻʥ֮Ҳûпܡ
Ͼĳһδزһ£һ̣ҶҲ˵˴ʥΪʲôֱԼնɱԭ
ӡֻأĳͷҲֱնɱԼӲ̣Ҷȴְ˴ʥΪǧս˫ǳܿܡ
Լ˴һս˴ˣԼԼ˴ʥսԼˣԱ˴ʥִֻء
ԼȴûǾ»ع飬Ҷ֪Ժ˱Լļ⣬ĶԼѣȻҵ˴ʥѩޡ
ǰĺ꣬Ӱû˵Ҳûд꣬ӰϣȻ¶һ˿ȻϾսֳɹˣȴֻܳ䡣
ħΪħ֮µһˣƾħӡ޵֣ĳһ죬Ȼһλš
̶̰ʱ䣬ײȻһͻƵ֮ҵս죬Լսһ
ΪԼڼ֮ڴս죬ǽȴϣսʵȻƽ֡
ӡţԼʱֻҪȡħӡôһԴ֮Ϊʥ֮µĵһˣкĿ
ǰұս߳һȼ󲻽ƽ֣Ҳ㻹ҪⱾǶһ衣
Ȼ˶սѣȻ˶û˵Ѿ˶Է
Լû뵽ǣսֱ𲻾ãԼȻ˰˴ŵķ˴ħʥ֣նɱ
һˣԲУǰ˴ħʥиǿߣ֣ͻϮ£նɱ


310 ǧ
Ҷ첢֪ӡħʥҲǱ˴ʥɱ֪Ļ֪ô룬Ͼʵ̫ɺˡ
һ֮Ϊħ֮µһˣһΪʥ֮µһˣ˴ս󣬾Ȼͬʱ⵽˰˴ŵ׷ɱ
ֻһ㲻ͬ˴ŶսûƺãԲŻ˰˴ʣʹðֽѹֻء
̾ϢһҶ쿴ǰӰ˵ӡǰʵ䣬ֻأҲתɹɡ
ֺγ룬˴ʥֽһɱȻҵ׻٣ȴתҵһʱɣһ˿Ȼ˴ʥա
ԭˣô˵ӡħʥΪħ֮µһˣսʶתɹӡħʥûɲɹ
ԭǱȡһ˿֮ôӡħʥӵаٷ֮ٵĿתôֻҪ˿겻ԪôԶתɹ
ڵӡħʥѾǵ걻Ϊħ֮µһˣҶкֻҪǰ뿪ɽôһССߣҲԽ곹׻ɱ
ûеԼΪħôڵӡħʥҲɢֻҪħһ첻ƣô˴ʥԶɽ
һ̣Ҷ֪Ϊʲôֻһֵܹʥǿ󷨣ôᱻء
ʵҵûб˴ʥȡܹܲתɹһϾתÿһ˶ܹɹġ
ǰǲֻҪһ˿һͿת
˵ӦÿԣǧΪﵽʥ֮ϵǿߣʮ֮УתɹȴһûУǧ֮Ҳһȴ˵ġ
ĵ˵ͷҶѾȷѹԼİ˴ʥҲնɱӡħʥİˣֻҪпܣһӡħʥȡһ˿ꡣ
ƺµ룬Ӱ¶һ˿м֮飬˵ҵֻһˣڼȻ껹ûоѣʵֺܵͣ㼸ϣܹնɱҡ
Ҷ첢û˵Ȼӡħʥû˵Ǹ˭˭ҲܹµĳΨһѣϧ
һ֮һӵһҪõħӡһط
Ȼһ飬Ҷ첢ûиеһ˿ľȣϾӡħʥԼ֮ĴѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
ط֮ãӵħʥʵҲ޷ʹҲû֪Ҳ֪
ҽ͸㣬ϣѣնɱңԣҲȡһ˿ܹ꣬תɹһٴδսһ
ǰģܹгңһ˿һȡء
ĻӡħʥʱЦкȻһģһСķӡħӡ
е鷽ӡҶ֪һܹ˲ɱǿħӡֱǣӡӡӡӡӡ
ħӡջص֮УҶֻ˵һллһֶû˵ΪѾ
ħӡѾ㣬طܴܲһҪˣҶоֻҪܹ򿪵㣬ô
ĵ˵ͷҶֻоһС͵ıԼУеһ˿ȵǣǰطȻûʧ
ƺеɻ漴Ӱ˵ҵ갴طһαʱҵĴ
ԭˣͬʱҶҲӡħʥĲܣʵͨ죬ȻָܹαȻαû󣬵ȴ֮ǿĴڡ
ǰһ飬ʵ档
ʰɡ
˵֮۹֮÷򣬻һԶַ治ʥŹǣһѪҺֻʣԶַʲô
Զַĸ֣ҶԸоǰӰһ£¶һ˿־壬¸ӼӾҶеɻ
Ҷʵ벻ͨʲôطȻܹһΪħ֮µһ˵ӡħʥ˸еֻš
Զַ÷飬˭ģ
ظһ档
ҶԼظĶԹԼظɳߴǿ׷ɱԼ飬һһʮĽ˳Ȼûһ˿



ʮ ʥ֮Ĺ


311 ʥ֮Ĺ
ظ֮ĶԹҶû˿Ϊк֪ɱӡħʥİ֮Уһ˾ظˡ
˴Ӱε̾ϢһǶһ˵ʵôǿҲЩڴ½֮ĳȡ
Ϊħ֮µһˣֻҪħԳ֣ôƾʵԿԻɱκһħ֮µǿߡ
ӡħʥף𣬲ħĴţỴ̂԰˴ŲŻֶԸ
ԶַÿǧһΣ㶼УϷһû¹ʲôΨһΣϷĸе˿ֲ
˴ҶдȻ֪ԶַʲôطǾȻΪħ֮µĵһˣɵ
ҲԶַÿǧһΣһǧǰӡħʥԶַԼҲսҲС
Ҷеһ˿ȻǣӡħʥԼȻʲôֲ飬Ȼųˡ
һǧǰǴԶַţɢǿȫ룬㼸ˣǻųȴֻвλǴξԵһˡ
Ҷû˵ҶӰĻ˿ûиеһ˿ȣϾԶַܹӵʥŹǣѪҺѾ˵еΣա
˵ԶַһΪ㣬ֻǵִǰ㣬˱ѾҲû˸ҽ롣
˵Ҷӵϣһ˿һ˿ɣϾѾԶַǰ㶼ѾɾΨһ㡣
ҶܹĵʱǿߣиʥħʥǿߣȻǰ˭Ҽӿֲĵ㡣
ǰܲܺ˵˵Զַǰ顣
Ҷ֪ӡħʥȻٹԶַôΨһҪ֪ǣԶַǰ㵽ʲôĴڡ
Ͼ֮÷ԶַζУΪ˵õǿʵС
ԶַΪ㣬һΪɱ¾ռ䣬ֻҪĽŲ̤Уô͵̤һɱ¾֮·治ǿޣһ˵͵Ϯ
ڵһ㣬ȻޱȣǶһս˵ȷʺϣûжãұԶַĵڶ㡣
˵˴ӡħʥ˫ȭݺݵһϳһ˿ֻţǧһÿλΪħ֮µĵһˣȻ޷ǡ
ʣµ˽Զַڶʱ򣬾ȻгĹ֮⣬ҲûκεĶ
Ĺأ
¿ɰҶͿˣƺ뵽ʲôҶɫʱ䣬˼ľЩʥĹأ
Ƴ֮⣬̸֮۹֮÷򣬽ԶַвʥŹǣѪҺ
ڻһ£ڽӡħʥ˵ôѾһĿȻԶַȷʥŹǣһʥŹǡ
ĵ˵ͷӡħʥɫЩȻ˵˵һûԶַĵڶΪʥ֮ĹĹأʥŹǡ
˻Ҷ緭ˣȻԼԼѾµһЩǵӡħʥ׿˵ʱǱһ
ʵû뵽Ĵȿֲĵطʥ֮Ĺô˵½֮ϣΪﵽʥ֮ǿߣѾվ۷塣
ôһطȻӵʥĹأѹֵԶַӡħʥϻ¶ֻŵ飬˭»ֱ
ʱǽʥ֮Ĺ󣬵ʱͱˣҲûκҪõ˼ǵҪ뿪ʱȴΪʱӡ
̾Ϣһӡħʥ˵ȻԶַֻڵһɱ¾ռڣΪ˺ܶ࣬ÿһҲ֪ıȴڵڶ㣬ʥʥģѪҺҪõֱе롣
е˻ǵֵջ󣬳ʣµʮ֮⣬˾ȻӿУʱǱֵ⣬˶Ѿ䣬ǣڣæ˳Զַ
ӡħʥ˵Ҷֱܹõʱ㵱ʱԶַʥǿߣôǿĴڣ˼æ֮⣬ûκεİ취Ҫʥ֮Ĺֱû


312 Ϊ
ȻҶԶַ֮дʥ֮Ĺе𺳣ȴ֪֮ԼǰԶַ
ܹԶַĵڶ㣬Ҳ֮Ϊʥ֮Ĺ֮еõһöʥģôţں̵ܶʱͻʥ֮
Ϊﵽʥ֮Ȼȥɽõǰ괫УôҶģʱ֮£ǵһˡ
ƺеľԣӡħʥûκεֹϾҲ޷˵ĽԶַ֮С
ԶַҲãΪֻǸոմﵽܹ֮Զַĵһ㣬ɱ¾ռڴôʱʵһкܴߡ
ĵ˵ͷһҶǳͬϾֻӵѹ£ܹ׵ļǱܣӶøߵʵ
νиܹõرһҶ֮ͬԶַǵɽ𺣣Ҳȥɡ
Զַĵڶʥ֮ĹҪøǿʵôñҪһҲҪʱ׼
лǰѣΣʥ֮Ĺһȥ־ڱصãȻ£ô͸ˡ
ĵ˵ͷӡħʥ˵ڵʵȥ޷һ࿹⣬һ̰ɡ
˵֮ӡħʥһӣҶֻоԼһƺ㳹׵ʧڿռڡ
ǰĺɽҶʱ֪ʲôΪɽҪõħӡһΣأʵû뵽ֻ֮Ѿõ֡
ֻ֪ħ˴ħ֪֪˫ҪõĶͷȴ˼¡
Ͼ˫սôƾʵҪɽһԵɺ֮µõħӡֱЩ롣
Ҷû뵽ǣħΪħ֮µĵһˣӡħʥȻԼǰһ񽻣Ȼս
һõħӡǵõӡħʥ޷͸طҶȷţеطһħӡĳڡ
ʱ򣬺ɽľ֮ϣȻ䱬һɿֲϢ˵Ӱ˲ھ֮ϣǸոսɽħʥ
ϹƾħסҰˣһգǰ˻٣ʱ򶨻̤ƽɽһһľ
˵֮ħ˿ٵļȥȻ˲ˣǱȥİ˴ħʣҶҲǸеһꡣ
ðԵħû뵽ҵ겼˴󣬾Ȼħİ˴ħʶ
һ̣ҶѾȫ϶Լǵ꣬Ϊʥ֮µһ˵սתħս裬ȻȻ¡
ɽӡħʥǵңһġ
仰ҶûٳɣֱƮ첽չٵȥ۹ķȥΪҶ֪вµʱ䣬ԶַҪˡ
Ҷ컹ǳŹΪĿģѾȷԼԶַӡħʥĻҶĳѸı䡣
Ȳ˵Զַĵһɱ¾ռ䣬ǵڶ㱻Ϊʥ֮ĹѾܹǿ˺̣֪ǰɣ޷ˡ
Ϊǵ֮ҪһǸϼѣʲôԵֻ
ҶҲڲ壬תתûеõս¼ô˵ڻֻһСС̣֮ûдﵽķ
½֮ǿĪ񣬵ּĴڣѾ֪ûУȴǵĵȷȷ
ߵΪﵽʥ֮ڱʥģҲһڣֻҪʥ䣬ʥľͻ䡣
һλõһöʥģô̶ʮڣͿԴһССߣҡһΪһǿʥ½ڡ
ڣҶ֪Զַ֮УȻһΪʥ֮Ĺĵط治ʥŹǣһʥʥġ
ҶֱҪ˵õʥ֮Ĺʥģôʮ˵̵ʱڣ½ϾͻʥǶôµһ顣
ʥѰܳܵģҶţǧǰʱǰ½ϾѾǿ߽Զַ
һ⣬ʲôˣʥ룬ĽҲһûеڶѡֱڣûܹʥ֮Ĺȡκһöʥġ
һ̣ҶԼζҪԶַҵڶʥ֮ĹǱȥģֻǿʵܹ½Ϻ޼ɡ


313 Ű
˵ʲôһ޹ؽҪСӽطǲǱ¿ˣӽˮˣˡ
ɽڣط⣬ڶ˫ĵǰӣ޲ȥһƽطˣûκһ˽
Ǿո˴ħʥսʱԼӾȻһ֪Сط֮ڣҵǸСӻûг
Ӳű¿ˣǧˣǸ϶ʼղϽħӡֲܽȥô죿
˴ڶϵɫʱһΪкԼ˵һ㶼ûдϾֻõħӡܹƿӡ뿪ɽ
ǵӡħʥ䣬ǿнԼӡںɽҲͬʱӡںɽ
ǧѹ뾡취õħӡΪֻħӡܹƳɽķӡӶ뿪ǧĵ
ǲ֪ΪʲôǸ϶Ҳǧǰ˵ˣȻ˵ʲôҲϽħӡطĵȼʮʮһ
ȻʮʮһֻһеĲֱ࣬أһ޻ʣһʥһѾˡ
Ժ˭Ҳûڸҽطһȴһ룬һȡħӡôֱ
ϢڶϲŻҲȻѾѾû˻ͷ·ֻǸطˣܹȡħӡ
ȥˣطȻû˿Ķʵж֪Ǹ϶Ƣ˸ҴħӡϢô˭³ֻһ
޻Ƿ˼ȴϾûϢѾ˵Ǹطڣֻ̾Ϣһ
ڿĴϣҶ쵽Զַ飬˵ľȻԶַڵʥŹǣԼѪҺ
ҪԶַˣ˾Ŵ֮⣬кܶСԼɢޡ
ˣȻΪʦûнԶַ˵ӵΣգʥ룬ĿҲǼġ
ԶַΣգӶҪ룬ʦ˵νԶַŴŻʲô˽룿
Ҷ쵱֪飬ȻΪѾﵽ֮кʵھŴУƨǡ
Ϊʦ֪ʲôԷģζԶַǾŴŵκһڣɳʾǿߡ
ʣ
Ҷʵû뵽ʦȻ˵ŴֻɳʼǿߣһֱΪŴɳǿߣһʥ
Ϊﵽʥ𣬶һῴޱȵĮʥŹǣʥģҲ˿⣬ϾҲʥ
ĵ˵ͷʵҶﻹһʣǾǴԶַڵѪҺϾѪҺʥȼĴڡ
Сӣһ飬۹÷ôߣ
Ҷ˵ʱ򣬲ԶںȲ֮Уһȥԣֻ۾ЩСƺԺ۾ˡ
ҶڵһҰСׯһЩ·ˣݵϰ˵⼸˷۹쳣֮ࡣ
Ҷ֪۹ˣٷ֮ʮΪԶַҸݵϰҶ֪ν۹ˣһӴ֡
ŶϷһֱߣԼʮܹ
ʻҶͷҲû̧ȻشˣϾѾŮֻһŵĵӡ
ģ˵ȻңǿңСӣ֪֪˭
ԼʻȻͷҲ̫ɫʱЩ˵ϸǳǿɱ
Ǵ½һţΪڵĵӣڣҼȻʵȴŵһ
ڣҵǿޱȣҲƥУΪһ֮츳㲻ĵӣΪǴﵽ֮
ڣȻһһˣǰȴȲʤȯԴСŰϰߣǿһʵ꣬Ȼ˵Ź֣һɱġ
һ½ϵĶţ׼УһȺ࣬ǧֻҪǱӵǿɽôҲһ˰ˡ
·ҲѾشڿ㣬ҵ飬θɣ


314 
ĻʱеŭޱȣʮҪ˵һССʵˣڣҲû˸˵
˴Цϸеһգû˿ĳɣֱӻӳһƣһǿ˲
Ϊﵽ֮γΪѾﵽ۷壬ֻһͻ֮ﵽʦ֮
ֻҪɹɹ۽٣ԼôһʵʦҰڵʵһӶɹ۽٣һ̫ѵ顣
ʦ֣顣
ʱһ֮֮УΨһһŮ˵ϲ˻⡣
ŮΪʦãıã磬һֱǺܿƾżƽʱٻ
θӹֱ֣Ӷһ޷֮˳֣ô˵Ĺ涨κεӶ֮˳֡
ڸղŵ飬ҲΪԼֻŻŻ꣬û뵽Ȼֱӳֽɱ
кԼʵ۷ʵȻֻһƣǶһͨ˵Ǿ¸޷ı
ĳ֣겢ûиеκεľȣϾֻڵһЩӣǰӸᲢۡ
ΪʲôҪ飬һССˣȻңɱ»죬ãѵҪˣ
ĻʱеһգֻһСС·Ȼһ޹ԣĺ޲նɱԼ硣
ȥ֮һ峤ϣΪ֮
˵֮ͷҲص׼뿪Ϊ˵޳¼һǶһ֣ҲȾ
վס
ȻתͷЩĿǰŮʮΪ˵õǰŮģļƣȻ˽
һСܾݵ˵ֱһޱȵЦһ̣Ȼɱûɱ
һֱΪƾҵļ֣ϲңǶʮÿ춼ǶҰڳһӣΪԼʲôү㣬ҡ
㲻Ҫ
ҲҪҾ͸㲻Ҫһأʶһ±ү֮ϣҪ
˵ϴһ˿˿ЦݣһŮʶı죬ʲôҲûзһ㡣
㲻ҪҪʲô
ǰһԼ꣬ɫ䣬һˣͷβȻԼҲһǿ͡
Ȼʵǰ꣬ҪսӮˣҲ¸˵һǧ˰ٵĽ
Ҫʲôٺ٣˵Ҫʲô㲻ΪԼҽ쵹Ҫ㵽Ǹʲôӡ
Ӵȥ˲㳹׵סŮŮôźڳֻĿš
ȻҲǿͣʵ޼ǿߣǶڧ飬˹ܣ෴д˵ſϷôһλŮӡ
ҷģȱС椵ʱҲá
ڳԼʵһ޶ǿߣ֪Ȼżγ߲ûʲôǿߡ
˻ڳһˣڵˣ֮Ҳ¶һ˿̰ϾŮ˭Ҳܾ
ͲҸ𣿡
㸸ף㸸ҸЦҸҼ㵽ʱ֪㸸ܰô
ʱľΪ˵һûȻĸڼ֮еλͣҪĸȣֱᲢۡ
Ŀڳˣ䵽ʦϣǺܿ죬֮пһ
ˣı˫ۣѾԣֻҪһ£ôҧԾԲκεĳɡ
ǹ˺ܳʱ䣬ƺһͣƺһӣΪܿԼߣȴһֱûС
˫ۣǰһžֵ岻ϵĲţƺµ飬ܰһ۷ųʵ벻ԭ
Ӻĸ·Ȼ𱨣ˣȻҪǿԼıãֱ磬ϣֱĻ
˵֮Ҷֱӻӳһƣû˿һССУһֻ޶


315 ڰ޳
һƻӳŵţһΪﵽ֮꣬Ȼ˲ʧ֮Уһ˿û¡
Ѿʧͬ飬ڵˣҲһľʵû뵽ǰĺȻһǿߡ
ô˵Ǹʦֱ磬һʵ۷ǿߣôУ˿ûС
ʲôʵ
۾Ŀźܹ꣬һлɱһ۷壬ҲһΪﵽʦǿߣҲһʦ
л֮ӻǸϿ뿪ɣҪȻ
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼Բô˵ҵĺĵӣ˼ɱˣҲ˲й֡
ĸŵĵӣ
ҶûκҪ뿪Ĵ㣬Ϊڶ˵ֻҪ٣ô۷壬Ҳδطϡ
ĻҲûκεȻڴ½ϲʲôţڶڣҲʵǿ
ڵĵӣղűɱˣҼĶӣ⣬ǻӻǸϿ뿪ɡ
һɫŮӣҶֻ΢ЦЦû˿Ҫ뿪˼¿ɼʵû뵽Ȼ޶ԡ
ӣ֮УÿһĵӶӵһͨ鱦ֻҪһ䣬ô֮ƥͨ鱦ҲѣҼĶӣһǿߣȻʵǿޱȣǿߣ¡
Ҳ֮ˣΪʲôҪնɱү
Ļû˵֮꣬ϺȻһ쳣漴ӴɱֱҶ죬һգ۵ʱ䣬ǰӰ
ӣһ£һ£һߣһݣһĳ࣬ϵı鶼һ
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˵ڵĺڰ޳ΪѾﵽ֣֮ͨڶƥУӲҪ˵һˡ
̾Ҷϸû˿ΪѸоǰ˵ΪѾﵽ֮
Ҫ˵ΪѾﵽ֮ǰˣһбԽ˳նɱ
ҶһȴأΪǰϣоһϤĸоңź֮
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ƺоĲƽ϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫûκεĳɣͬʱһ漴ڰ޳㳹׵ʧؼ䡣
Ҷڰ޳ûʧֻʹ֮⣬˵ʵ˲䱩ǣҲܹﵽ֮
ţ
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ҪҪ֣Ͼŵˣ˵ö֮ܵպһΪ˼䡣
أڰ޳Ǿ֮֮˵ʵ˲䱩ǵ֮ʵܹӮǻԶɣС꼰㡣
˻˶ĵ˵ͷȻ֮ҲһЩǿڣҲʹڣǶ˵ֻ
ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһ·ƺһ£գ۹ǰһι
˫ͷ֣ţߴԼףֻ۾Ķǰĺ꣬漴ιзһɭɭЦ


316 һΪ
Ǵ㽫ŽãȻѾ֪ǵݣôǶֻ˵һ䱧Ǹ
˵֮󣬺ڰ޳ֱӳֻ֣Ǽգ۵ʱ䣬ڵ֮⣬ڳˣѾȫ䣬һЩ˿ûʵͨҲӶˡ
ͷβҶ춼ûֹΪкڰ޳֮ȶԸˣǵԼȥȣȻҵɱԼ
ֻû뵽ĶֻãǻСˣκһ˶Ķ֣ϾΪѾﵽһڣڣٺ١
һɭЦݣʣµ˶ɫ䣬˿־ڰ޳ȻŵʵҲȻһڡ
û뵽ȻһڣͣˣҲȥɡ
֮кȻᶨɵĿԶĺ꣬һ̣Ѿ¶˾ģֻҪ걻ɱôҲԲ
ҶһɫҲΪأΪǰιͷųϢڰ޳֮ͨѾﵽ۷壬ֻһԴﵽ֮
˿ĵģ漴ڿٵתתǧӰʱھ֮ϣ쳹ء
ת⣬ϵܻǲ١
ɭɭٴЦΪʲôϹתڰ޳ûԵô⡣
һֻڰ޳һ磬һգ۵ʱǰȭͷſֲϢֱꡣ
ģȻҪӲӲΪ㰡
ǱģҲҶᵣģҪ˵ӲӲôԼ֮⣬ͬȼǿûм
תĵĲ㣬ҶԼţһһײս׻
˫ȭգþڵݺݵĻӳʱײһ˱
ɫЩ԰ףҶֻоԼƺѪڲϵķţȻΪﵽ֮ȴ˵ĺ֮һǻʵ۷塣
ʮֵ꣬ܶ˭ֻҪΪﵽ֮ǵĺ֮Կ˲佫ɱû뵽ȴ㣬һֻһΪ꣬⡣
һɱȺаˣȴΪֹܹǣ챾үնɱүԾˡ
˵֮ڵʱٵת֮ڣߴƺ䲻ԸתţʱһɿֲϢ˲
ս񽣣ʡ
䣬Ҷ֮УȻķ漴ɿֲϢʱ𣬾ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻֻɵĴ
ȻֵֻΪﵽ֮ʱҶȻԼܹеޡ
һֶʱҶ쾪ϲϣȻûۼʶ޵ͨԵսʵ¼Ѿ֪Լ˫֮޵
޵Դﵽʮһ޻֮ҸؼеֻֻҪ޺϶Ϊһνս񽣡
սֳս񽣣սף̤սֱϵ£ΨҶ𣬸һնɱ˴ʡ
Ҷʵ޷޻ʣΪնɱŵĺڰ޳ֻǿתڵ壬ɵҲܴһǻ䡣
һ̣ҶǲЩԺֻ֮һͷǾζҪǰιﳹնɱ
ķ쳹أ޶ʱ϶ΪһһͨɫҶУŽϴĿֲҶ컺̧ͷ
ģȻֻ޻ʣ㵽ʲôˣ
޻ʵһ𣬺ڰ޳ʶ˲ãһɴûйгͷ
סү֣ȥܵظ֪ɱǵ˭үҶ죬Ƴǳ
һĿǰιҶ컺ľеս񽣣Ӵ˲һҧ漴ݺݵնȥ
񾪿ֵĿųԼĽֱһ̣ڰ޳űķ֣Լ˾Ȼ޷ˣֻĿŽԼһΪ
źڰ޳䣬սٴλΪޣ»صҶ֮УʱҶ죬ѾЩҡҡ׹ҪԱ߻ˣ˵Ѿˡ
ȻҶƾԼǿ޻ʣǱҲܵ൱ķɣô˵޻ܼԦġ


317 ֪
ӣû°ɡ
ȻΪ£ѿǰĺ꣬Ѿǿ֮ĩô˵궼Ϊܵˡ
Ͽ뿪Ѿǿ߸
жʱ󾪣ûٳɣ˿ʦ֣ٵĳǰԼȥڵĵӣɫЩ̫Ȼ
ǸϿϣ˵ǵĴԵ
ӵĻ˶ĵ˵ͷҲٵ׷ȥոջСѾһƬѪ߰ߡ
ʱСղսĳأȻӣɫЩصĿǰһУȴǴﵽ֮
ô
ողŵϢս˫Ϊ֮ϣ˻ˮΪ
˵ûҿ˵Ϣ֮ǿ󣬺пǰսֻǲ֪˭˭Ӯ
ȲҪˣµʱ䣬Ҫϵ÷ǵĿꡣ
˵֮˵Ӱٵʧԭأǰ̽ǿߣһ֮ھȻ˶ʮನԼˡ
Ϊ𺳵ǣ֮ڣΪ͵ľȻҲﵽ֮иǿۣһһλ֪Ҷڰ޳ĶսŪôĶ
һƧСϪߣҶǿڵЩĮ˵ʲô֣

Ҳ֮ˣ
ǣȻҲȴ֮ˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶеǹɱŻȥˣʵأ
Ҳ֮ˣΪԲûɼκ˸档
Ȼڿȥˣסһ㣬Ҫκҡ
˵֮Ҷֱӱ˫ۣڵ֮ȫû뵽кս񽣵ķ֮֮
ڰ޳ĺֻ֮ܽǵʵ۷壬Ҫٽһﵽܹ֮նɱһҲӡ
ε̾Ϣһѹ¾ŴŶһֻǶ˼ɵŮ֮ʵͿԱ磬ôҪŵĺĵӣֱӱȼ
Ҳ˵ŵ棬ŵʣôŵֱӺ壬ȻʵǾԿԻɱʡ
ʵֱ̫£ΨһеЩοǣȻŵʵֲޱȣԱƺǺܶ࣬ҪȻҲ᲻ڴ½¶ͷ
Ϊʲôߣ
Ȼ˫ۣҶЩʵϾˣƣôǺصģǰȴٳٲ뿪ˡ
ӣֻΪ㻤ҪȻȵ˴ŵӣʵڹⲻȥ
ŮӵĻҶʱĬˣô˵ܵƶᣬʱ˳֮͵ϮǺֱ롣
뵽ҶҲĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô˫ۣȴĽ״̬

ʱʣµ֮Уһл𼦵ˣߵһѣᲽ뿪СϪߣ´ŵˣϾʵ
𼦣ǹʲô
ǰӣɫЩͣЩ˷ܣһ˿̰Ūɻѣ֪ʦܵôˡ
λʦָղҲѾˣǸʵȻﵽֻ֮ޣǿޱȡ
𼦵ĻŶͷԣ˼ʵǿôˣ˼ôˣѲ㻹ɡ
ȵȣ
뵽֣˶һĿǰӣ֪һ̷ʲô裬ǿǻʵǿߣֻҪһָͷ¶ܹ˳׻ɱ
ڣӾȻҪ֪ĳ˼ҵޣʱǶ˸е˵֮¶һ˿˵㲻ҪԲƾΪҲҪһڵĶµʱôĶ֪
û˵֮¶ĳڵĻѾղֻǿԣоܹõֻޡ
λʦ˵֮ǰǵȻκεĻᣬҲ뷨ȴһˣ˺صƣڳ֣Űٷ֮ʮĻᣬλʦ룬ֻҪܹõе񽣣ǿһ졣
𼦣Դǲǽ˽ˣȻղǰޱȣֻ˵ʵҪֻޣֱǳ˵Ρ
˿ǰӵӵıӱ¿ˣҲ᷸ô򵥵ĵͼɣ㲻ҪǻҪء


318 С
˲ϴӦ𼦶ʱˣȻΪҲѾﵽ֮߻һƾĶ֡
λʦ֪ղȻʹ񽣣Ȼǿ޷ƣҪȻҲˡ
Σ
ٺ٣ֻҪǳ֮ʽɱʱ޴ţŵĵλֱһɳ죬λʦ֣ɲÿ춼УҪ
𼦵Ļ֮ЩɶԻЩ£ô˵궼һǿڣܿġ
λʦֻԥʲôѾ۲ˣ޾˫֮У֮еõģֻҪڣһԳɹ
еĶ˶ʱʧɫˮôõģ
λʦֲҪôõģȵȳȥ֮λʦֵʵסʦӦò⣬ʣµͽСܣ֤λʦʧ
ֻ̾ϢһûˮĻ˵ʲôҲӦӵ󣬱ϾҪնɱһڣȻһ˵ڣȻûס
ˮڣ˵һ˿ϣȻһǿڣȴˣҪɱǲܡ
ʵ˸еͷ۵ֻޣϾֻ޵ʵϾȴԳ׽ӡ
ΪܹõֻޣҲȥˣѪΪˣ˭ԼһôҪ񶾵䡣
žСϪߣɫЩãĿǰ꣬пԿ϶ʵԲᳬʮꡣ
ʮڴʲôкڣھǳһĴڣϾڵڼҲûж١
ôˣ
Լ֪һԼôˣǰһ˵ĸоһֺĸо
ʦãȥҵԵģžͺá
ʱ򣬻𼦵ӲԶһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿǰڵ˵꣬˵ضһ˿˿̰
˵ڵûпĵ˵ͷûκεķԱ뿪ˣΪ֪ΪʲôھȻ¼꣬ȴֺ롣
ѾʧߵŮ˸ԻһЦЩ΢ʵǰƺûУ
ûлشƺ׶֣ٴʵǰƺûУò˰æ
Ȼûлشֱһ̣ڵȷڵϵ˺صƣ޷չˡ
λʦְҰѷ磬λʦ־ס
𼦵ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮磬ȴǻʵͣҪסһڻ¡
ĵ˵Ҳ֪һͷʱ̣һ˿ʧ󣬷ǽٲ
˰򣬻ڷ֮бһŨҵɱľ֣ڵٵת
𼦣ʲô
ڻ׼ֵʱһŭŵӰСϪߣеֻޱŭ
ϣ㲻ҪֹЩ飬ҪȻ
ҪȻôѲ㻹ҳ֣
𼦲ҪϿ֣Сĳ䡣
ĵ˵ͷĿһˣȻҲϲѾܲô࣬Ͼ޵ջӴһЩ
ŲԶ𼦻˫ƣ˷һֹǰλʦ֣кӳûжκβɱ
ˣҪκˣ˭ɱʦ֣Ҫֻܹ㲻֪ô
˵֮󣬻ҲûκγɣֱӳǰĺȥǺܿ죬𼦵ɫѾޱȾ֡
㲻ǺɱΪʲô֣
ǣûҪɱ㣬ֻ費ҪæǰѾˣҲ뿪ˡ
˵֮󣬻𼦼æվ˲ԼҪնɱ꣬ȡֻ޶ڵôϣԼܹϿ뿪
Ҫ뿪ȴӦ¶һ˿Цݣһ䣬漴һƻӳһɰԵ֮ʱӡ
𼦻ûüҽбѾʧԭأʣµˣҶĮʵھЩСˣҾһغˡ
ǰҪģǲûҪɱ㣬һжǻ𼦵ע⣬ǰһء
ǻûе˵ֻ꣬оһǿϢԼ㿪ʼһѣ漴׵ʧؼ䡣


319 
նɱڵˣҶȻޱߣЩĿǰŮӣʵǲǻȥ÷򣿡
ĵ˵ͷû˿Ϊ÷Զַ£½Ѿ֪
Ϊ½ϵĶڣȴǱزٵĻμӣҶ룬˵һȥ˶ˣʲôʵ
˵֮÷ԶַῪڵǿ߻ȫȥˣڣһۣڣʮ
ƺµôɫЩѿ̾Ϣӣܲһ£
˵
ʱܷܲԼһ
Ҷ첢ûлشֻǵĮĿһǰŮӣ漴Ʈ첽չʱʧСϪߣֻһ԰ɫŮӶ̾Ϣ
ڣ
ʦѵ⣿
ʦȻһֲõԤкȻ֣Ϊ˵һССĶŸ㣬ΪҲԼﵽھ硣
ǰ˵һǵڽ֣ڵλڣһȴǲ򵥣
ʦڵһʲô
ƺԼµˣҶȻʵΪܹʦһսˣ˵Ϊ֪ҲһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ǰΪѾﵽ˶֮ôȥ˾ͻҲûпܣŵĳϡ
Ȼˡ
ڸ߲ˣű½ˣħڶ˺򣬶ھȻð֮踣Ѿ˵˺ܶ⡣
û뵽ǣǰѾﵽ˶֮ôôɵϣôȥһ˿Ϊûߡ
Ҫ˵Ϊﵽ֮ڵλڣôֵһȼҲǻʵ档
ȻΪѾﵽһڣҶҲ￰޵УǶĻôһ˿ĻᶼûС
ʦȻڵŵĳϣкڰ޳ˣôµΪʲôڴ½
ֻ֪֪ӵţħ˴ţм֪ʵ½ϻ
Ҷû˵Ϊʦ˵϶Ǵ½˲֪飬Ͼʦ˵½ֻ֪ţħţ֪ʲôܹ֮ϡ
ǰħս½Ϳ̿ѪɺӣȻǿ֮ⳡ
źʱƣ˲ֹ֪ħսֱ翻øɹ
翻øɹ
Ҷһ飬֪ԭ˿ħ֮ϣһʵ
ʦʵΣ
ΪʦҲ̫ΪѾûгֹˣһȷ֮Уһڣһֹһ
ʦĻҶжʱд˼Ͼ½ΪֹѾûٳֹʲô񼶱ǿˡ
ڣʦ½֮ϲ֮񼶱ǿߴڣ𺳵ǣЩ֮УȻһ
ҶֱҪ½κһɳһ񼶱ǿߣɵĺɨ
ʦѵйأ
ΪһССĶţһΪ˼ţô೬֮д𣿡
ֱڣҶеɻȫ⿪ҲһֱƣȻŵ֮ޱȣŴҪѴ֮
ǽǧʱ䣬Ȼת򰵴ȻϣҹѾأ˵ˡ
һֱ벻ͨеԵɣͨʦ˵Ҷףԭűֲ޷Ϊû˸ҽ
ƺµ룬˵㲻ҪϹ룬Ųˣ˵ŵڣǵ֮һƮøһ֮Ϊ񣬵겻֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬱ƮøţԴţǧǰʧҲû䣬ȴҲ쳣аޱȣħҪǿ
ʦȻţȴһ۲ۣΪ˼ţô½串ӦòʲôԹԣϾƮøͽ


320 
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ʦʲôط
֪Ҫ˵Ϊʦ½֪˾Բᳬʮ
ʦĻشҶûиеһ˿ľȣϾʵѾţͲκƥеġ
ס򲻵ѵʱǧҪ鷳Ҫ˵ֻһССڣΪﵽͬһϡ
ĵ˵ͷԴ֪֮Ҷڶ½һȫµʶҲ¸Լλһ¡
ǰΪԼٶȣ֮ڱԴﵽ֮ʱվ˴½۷塣
һ̣֪ϾȻÿһڶĴڣһֹһôж٣һֲĴڡ
Ҫǣ֮УֻǻĴڣһߵһǳϡ
񼶱Ĵڣô֮ڵĳôĴڣŵȴҲһʵ
ƺܹ뵽ԼеĹǣҲһ̾Ͼʵ̫ǿˣܹ˵ġ
㲻Ҫȥ룬ϾѾûгڴ½֮ˣֻҪȥǣôҲ׳
ʦһ䣬֮ǲǻиǿĴڣ
֪ΪʲôҶкȻʣΪĳϣǵʵһȻǿ󣬶񼶱Ĵڣôʲôʵ
ƺԸ⣬֪ô½ԼӵħϾĳ̫ˡ
Ϊʦ岻֪ΪֻдﵽǸʸʶΪʦԸ㣬֮ϾԻиǿĴڡ
ȻˣʦĲ֪Ҷ첢û˿ĻɣȻʦҲһǿ棬ǾкԶľ롣
ֻԼﵽʥǸ𣬲п֪Щ飬ֱڣҶʵĿﵽһ£֪Ĵں
ʦôұ𡣡
ҶĻû˵ΪԼӵƢڵֻһССļ壬ˣҲû˻ġ
Ķž֮ϵƣҶаԷģһ죬ԼҲվھ֮ϣ¡
ҶƻѾԭ޵ķɣֱﶼ£ҶҲԸԼ򲻵ѣǧҪǿкˡ
һµĸ·Ҷ۹֮һ۹ı߾Ų̫ĵ۹Ҷ˵ĸо
ҶΪ˱ĵ۹̫ƽ˼˵ѪʲôŲ㱻ҪԼȣڵԼѾǹ¼ҹһˡ
һ͵÷ˣԶַһµʱ䣬ҵץˡ
˵ҶٶȴһҲ죬Ͼٶȣʮұܹ÷򣬶һ̾Զַȴһµʱ䡣
۹һҶ첻̾뵽۹ٵĳ򣬾Ȼĵ۹׶֮ٶûУ۹֮ʵһ
˵ûУһ֮÷򣬽о챦ڴ½еŶȥˣʱһ
˵ˣ˵÷ֵľ챦ǿߵŹǣһžѪҺ˵ֻҪ˭ܹõѪҺôֱӻΪ졣
˻ھƹݺȾƵҶ죬ֱӰѸոеһھȫ˳ҿⶼʲôʲô
ҥҲӦò㣬ȻôףѪҺͻữ죬ҥԡ
Ҷ¾䣬ںյ˸ûֻǱĵĿһۣƺ˵ѽĲʵûʶģûġ
ּգҶʵȥˣ׼뿪ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻֲϢֱ
𣡡
ǿޱȵϢҶжʱޱȣʵû뵽֮䣬ȻܹʵеЩ⡣
ɲܹǵģҶӡ֮УǸ󳬼ŵҲֻļ𣬵ȴһӳ


321 ţ
ҶǰŸߣС¥Ȼݣ˳֮⣬Ҳûгһˣڵľ¥Բʮ֮ڣȫɿֲϢֱ֣ǴݲҲ̶á
ʱһҶʵû뵽Ȼף֮г֣ҾŴйԼΪﵽ֮ϵǿߣ֮䡣
߶֮䣬ӲҪ֣֮һƻ;ÿ¡
֮УӻţӿֲϢҶӵΪǴﵽ˶֮
ܣѵΪĶ𣿡
϶Ҷܴ꣬սӢۺܣǴδܹҶ϶սʮΣδֳʤԽΣҲֳܷʤ
ܣ
δһܣ
ģֱ̫ţˣž֮ϵӣҶ첻֪֮Ϊܵʲôʱ˵
һССĶ𣬲Ҫ˵ˣʦ򲻹ȻҲ˵Լδһܣһһ֣ܵǿ˼㡣
ʵҶ첢֪ܿ˵Լδһܣֻ˵ͬȼ֮УûаܹǿԺд½
һ棬ôʵǿϾ֮ĲǾ޴ģǲԽĺ蹵
תۼû뵽Ѿʶ꣬ҲʮΣҲգΣ֮Ҫֳʤ
ȻǻʲôֳʤһҪ˱ء
˵֮ϵϢʱٴη仯ֻҪսһôҶԿ϶Լڵ˲ͻᱻ
λǰԵȣлҪ˵
ף
ĻǶЩȣҲһĲţϾѾȻ˵ֻ꣬һССһڡ
ѹ£겻ûκεѹȣоƵģ׼սǿ߶ʱ֣ͣꡣ
ͷž֮ϵҶϲû˿ǵĮ˵λǰʵ޵Уǲô˵ﶼףλǰְɣ
ô
һգۣǰȤʵϾûһ󱲸˵
ħͬԼֻҪΪﵽ֮䣬ôͲ׳ףλǰﵽ֮ʵǿޱȣλսô֮ǳؾͻữУλѵ˵ԼѪɺ𣿡
ҶĻֱ˵۵СۣħԼǲǲ֪ױѾһΡ
ÿһθ˵˽컹ûпʼսȻȻðһֱ꣬ͷĽѵһ١
Сӣ֪ʲô𣿡
֪Ҳֻ֪֪ղֻΪ˵ϢʹΪ˸ĺ̡
֪֮УҶеǰѾλҲʱˣɢһ˿˿ɷƺʱпܳƵġ
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ϾֻһССڣ֮Ĳֱ࣬ص𣬵һֹ꣬ǱȶһǳԲѷ
ô
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ҶĻûиκε棬֮Уûκˣֻʣ˻࿴ű˴ˡ
˺ܾãƺһͣƺֻһӣ漴ЦЦֱҲͬЦš
СӣȻĻôϷãԲƽϣ˵ĺܶԣܿܿûʸȡκ˵Ȼ϶һطԣΣ
á
䣬Ц֮жѾʧתǰ֮꣬¶һ˿͡
֮ǵһ϶˵ˣòϣţ棬ȻԸΪ֤
ӵĻҶжʱһϲȻΪѾﵽܹ֮սôԺкܴôġ
Ҷ첢ûκεķԣ漴ŶԿٵ뿪뿪֮ҹ򶼺һһ㣬ûһ˸Ͻ֣Ϊǲ֪Լȥ֮󣬻ûٻ


322 
һɽۣվһŻţɿֲϢ໥һ𣬾ֱ
Ϊﵽ֮ڵȫϴϣϾĻ飬ҲȫںϣγԪ֮
Ϊﵽ֮ʱ߱Լ۽٣ֻҪɹɹ۽٣ôڵԪ֮תΪâ֮
һڵâ֮ǳɫڵâ֮ɫڵâ֮Ǵɫ
վɽ۵𣬲ǶԻǶܣ⻷Ƶâֻ֮ɫô˵˵ΪǶ֮
ѾԶǺúôսһֳʤԲݡ
ž֮ϵϳ޾ս⣬Ϊ붫԰ڴսʮأÿһضƽ֡
ΨһΪʸΪֵˣΪڴ֮ǰ۷嶼Ķ֡
ʱ룬֮Լûж֣ôֻѡѰǿ߱ԣսҲԸȥ
ǿս⣬¶ܹȻһսˡ
ɢǿս⣬ҶҲʱ겻ѣȻֻһ𣬵ƾǿս⣬δĶ֡
Ϸһֻ֮һˣ˵걻Ϊʥ֮µһ˵ս֮⣬ֶһܣܽ˭ʤ˭ӽҶΨһѡ
á
Ц漴ûκεĳɣɿֲϢֱ˶ʱʧԭأת֮սһ
ҶһιۿսһܣʵҲһףâ֮ͺһһޱȷ񽣡
ɫâ֮ݺݵײţɽƺһҲΪ֮ƺֻ֮ʣɫâ֮
϶һսضͻƿﵽ֮䣬ʮ֮ͻƵָ֮տɴ
϶ҲһҲͻƿﵽʮ֮Ҳһͻ֮û뵽һսǾȻ˫˫򡣡
ĻҶ϶ʱһ˫˫ͻƣȻֻһ֮еĲȴǾ޴ġ
˵˼ʮ꣬˶ͻƿ𾳽ﵽ澳磬ʱվ˴½ˡ
ƺûκδͣ˼ԽսԽ£ʹԼĳ¾ŽҲʹԼĳ
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323 
ǰӣҶһԵĸеݶִţѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
Ҳ˵֮һҫĹ⻷Ͼ½ϰٷ֮ʮŵߣһ֮жܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ǶڳĶ˵Ҫ׷ȴԶԶֹЩϾԼ֣֮бܹһС
Ҷ׵ģ֪ͬ˵ʲôȻսжѰҵͻƿڣҪͻƵ֮ҲҪʮʱ䡣
ʮʱҲ˵һ۶ţǶڶܣʮʱȴޱȵһսУȻʤһȴû˿ϲá
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ͷž֮ϵܵź벻ɾþûصؼ䣬ƺһ֮ҪԼеһȫͷųһ㡣
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һ˵֮˵һĿռ䣬汾˵ĵռ䣬Ŀռ֮ڣߣǴһС
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Ҳ߰ɡ
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324 е
ʵҶҲұ֤¶һԼһǰԶַϾһСС޷ƥеġ
ǽȴǳϣܱΪıڣһΪﵽ𣬸֮µһ˵ǿڡ
ʱĲƣǰĶܣԽľΪտʼֻʹٶȣǺߵһֱš
¶ںս˵ôܵˣ漴ӿٶȣ󣬶ʹʮȻ档
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ģСӣǲˣңȻʦŵˣôҲӦŵˣѲ㻹ˡ
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ҵӣֲӣ㵱ȻżˣϿ˵˭ɱ˺


325 
Ҳ֪ʱҪң֪ΪʲôԵ޹ʾˣʣµҲ֪ˡ
ʲôǿ㣿
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ΪѾһĿȻҪ˵Ѿˣû»صҲ촦
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326 
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327 ʺ
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328 ඥ
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Ҷ緭ˣʵû뵽¾ȻôֻҪѧǿ߶ˡ
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֪֮ڴ½ô꣬һ޷ԭ𣿡
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332 
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˻ҶҲʱеЩʮǰܵΪҲﵽһ֮ҪɱǿԳ
ȻղӵΪѾﵽ֮ҶֻǸոմﵽ֮ʮǰûڵΪ
ôֻ˵һ⣬֮лΪﵽ֮ǿߣֻܶԺųս˺
ҲˣʮǰҵʵԲκһŵʵҲʤһ
ʲô
ܵĻҶжʱһȻ֪ʮǰҵʵ״ﵽʲôĵزŵʵȴ
Ȳ˵ģҶԿ϶ڵڣһʥô仰˵ʮǰĺҲʥ
ƺѾµ룬ܼ˵ʮǰҵȷʥ򣬶Ҳһʥ
ʥ
Ҷƺˣʥ˼һ֮һʥôϾͿԼ½֮С
Ҷʵڲ󣬵꺮ҾȻʥôҵʵԿڴ½ϳ֮ΪţħĴҲࡣ
꺮ҵʥ˳֮Ϊʥϴ󣬸Ǵﵽʥ۷壬ֻһһ죬ɾϾ֮
ɹ𣿡
ʳ仰ʱҶ֪Լж౿꺮ҵϴͻƳɹôڵĺң¾½ĵһˡ
ûУȻʥֻһ֮еʵֱص𣬴ﵽ֮ͬ٣֮Ҳ׾١
ŶܵĻҶҲܹõΪﵽ֮ʵﵽεȿֲĵز֮ţ󶼾Ѫڡ
ϣҲµûӦǺҵˣ𣿡
ҶĻϲûκεľȣһƽĿԶɭ֣˵µû꺮ʥϴҵĸס
Ȼˡ
ҸΪ˳֮ͷȻ⵽˵ĹҶ˸׵ʥģȻʮȥˣȴû˿İ취׵ʥġ
ʥģҶЩɻΪߵΪﵽʥ֮󣬾ͲҪʥʥġ
ǺʥΪʲôҪɱܵĸףɹĵõʥģôҲû˿ôʵ벻ͨ
ǲǾú֣ҵλѾʥ磬ΪʲôҪɱףõûʥ֮ģ
ĵ˵ͷҶû˿Ͼʥɱһʥһֵˣеɻֱ̫ˡ
λ֮ԻֻɱҵĸףΪҵĸ׵õһöµӤ
Ӥ
Ϊﵽʥ֮ڱʥģʥΪͻƿﵽ֮ʱڵʥıתΪӤӤԴഫֻҪܹӤôΪ񡣡
Ҷ챻ٴˣԭΪﵽ֮ڵʥıתΪӤôӤʵʥһ
˼壬Ϊﵽ֮ڱӤ֮Ӥؼ䣬һӤ֮ϡ
ǧҪСһһͬʱǧʥôҲֻһ˲ɱǧʥʵ
Ϊﵽ֮γԼ֮ҲһĿռ䣬ԼĿռ䣬ռڣס
Ϊﵽ֮ʹı֮Ϊﵽʥ֮ôʹȴ֮ʱʥԵصΪá
ҲΪʲôʥǲսʤԭһ£һʥսôôʥʱص֮ΪãôɱҲ԰
ʱʥһǴ˵֮Ӥƾ־˲佫ɱҲΪʲô½һ仰֮£Ϊϵ˵


335 ȸں
Ҷʵû벻ͨǣȻܵĸѾõӤôעһ˵֮е
ҶֻҪܹһôҵͻ˲䱩ǣվڴ½۷ҲǾ֮͵顣
һܣǾʥҲҪΪԲڶܵĸͻ֮ʽնɱû뵽ǣʮȥȻûеõӤ
ҵΪܹԼɾ֮ϧɱԼ磬ǵǸûҵӤ˵ʲôҲܸǡ
öӤУ
ҶĻ֮ܵкȻɱǺܿʧӰ٣Щε˵ܴ
ţλҲѾµ㸸׵ͻ񣬸ͲʹӤöӤȴġ
û길׵ΪѾﵽʥ۷壬һżػͻ֮û˿ѣöӤȴҡ
㲻㣬λôҲ뵽ôɱԼ״磬ҵͷȴʲôҲûеõ
̾Ϣһﵽʥ֮Σ󻹲֮أһǱԼλ׵ܵɱѾɱ顣
ΪһöССӤ׷ɱʮ꣬Ҹ׵ʥҲǾнţΪ˸ףҪõʵֻҪܹﵽʥ֮ȻͿƾӤ֮ͻ֮ʱҪ˵ңȫΪΣ
ٴ̾Ϣһ˵ףҶʥ֮ô״ﵽģҪȻ½Ҳֻôʥˡ
İɣֻҪɱ¾ռڣԼΪ۷֮ȻȽʥ֮Ĺȫףõһöʥģʱ򲻳ʮʱ䣬ͻʥ֮
˻ܺݺݵһļЩм˵лֻҪܻŵһ죬ôҶԶҵѡ
һ̣һǻ֣һֻ˲ʮ꣬ȴԶַڽꡣ
˺ܾã˲ŴӸԵļгǰӣҶɫЩ˵Ǿȱһʳ𡣡
˻ƺµһҪʲôɫʱЩΣ˵ĺ⣬ȴʱҵΪͻƵ֮ڻɱǲ١
ûв´Ҷڵ뷨ǣɱո뿪ˣǶȴôô˵֮һڣʵҲԽɱ
ҶȻᶨƵ˵а취ֻһ֮ڻɱ֮֮Ҳܶһ£ҪΪһ
ĻΪԼĶˣҶֻһڣԽɱУҲԻɱ֮µǿߡ
ǶԷ𣬶иһ棬Ҫ˵Լ֣Ҳû˿İսȫɱ
ǵǰһŵʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲôһ̾Ȼʹĵ˵ͷѡš
Ҫô
ȻֹôܱѡԼһԣѻΪ飬ԾԼΡ
ȻʵԶԿǿߣҪסʱ䣬Ӧûɣ
Ȼ֪ǰ굽ҪôǶȻ˵ͷϳŵ˵Ȼ޷ԿֻҪʹ¾Ž֮еĵڰ˽ԷǿߣҪסû⡣
ˣʱֻҪסʱ䣬ô㽻ҡ
лҾͲ˵ˣסˣôҲ
ˣĵݺݵײһûٳɣֱӳ뿪ķȥƾʵܿҵ˵λá
˸еЩ鷳ǣ˺⣬ˣʵǿҲ֮
ǰ˸⣬ڲͬǲҪԸˣʱ˳ңʲôģ˭Ҳ֪
ڸô죿
˵ϢҶɫҲЩأһ̳־Բ֮٣Ҫõ뿪Ҳ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ֻˣǸȥһˣȻ˼棬ôǱ뿪ĻǾͿ벶ȸں󣬵ʱɱ˵ĻҲЩ
ĵ˵㣬Ҷ飬û˿ķԣ漴˿ٵĳȥһգ۱ѾʧӰ١


336 ͯͯŮ
һïܵĴ֮£ʮ˲վһ𣬶ǰһɫĿһУ˵֪δǳΪʲô𣿡
֪
ʲô
ʥ֮ġ
һԣҪȷһʧǱų֮ΪѪʮӥÿһΪﵽ֮֮£Ҳֵܵ
ӥӥ̵ĳϣΪѾﵽ۷֮δӥ̵ѪʮӥԶַҪĿľΪʥ֮ġ
ӥ̣ڴ·ȻʲôţŵʵȴСƣӥ˸һΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
ӥӥһԣΪ˱ǰڵʮɱɸҪһ㣬ѪʮӥΪѾﵽ۷塣
ӥһֱиܣǾѪʮӥֵܣʮֵܣʮһʮ˵ΪҲһôʮҲ֮
⻹㣬ѪʮӥΪӥ̵ôһֱûгڴ½֮ϣΪʮȫǳɱˡ
ӥΪܹѪʮӥĸǿޱȣȺʹӥþǧŰپʮŸͯͯŮģʮɲ
ӥ̵ѪʮӥֻҪ֣۷嶼֣п࿹⣬ҲΪʲôӥνԶַôĵԭ
Ѫʮӥ֣ƾʮСҲָʥ֮ģǿЦ֮
ʱ򣬹֮϶ʱһ֮ӥɫʱޱŭη󱲣еһڰӢۡ
Ȼӥ˵İԵޱȣȴǱ˵֮𺳣ô˵ΪѾﵽ۷壬ҲܺϢĳʮ֮ڡ
˵֮˾²ᳬʮ֮ԶΪ֮ϣѾﵽ֮
ӥνԶַǿߣжʮΪﵽ֮ǿߣоͰӥ̵Ľӥˡ
ôʮ֮УʣʮǿʣѵԼôȻѪʮӥʵѾ൱ͣǿߣҲֻһ
ΪʲôҪԼûбһëϵʮС治֪ӥôǽԶַǶ֮
ģ㵽ʲôˣб³ϷսٻغϣҪֻڰˡ
ŵ±׵ߣҶ¶һ˿ЦǶվʮˣȴǸж쳣ȡ
Ϊ˴֮߿еѪʮӥûжһٶˣʮȻֺ
ⲻʵǿ֮ƽʱѵҸʮɢǿɱҶ췢֣ʮɱȻܹɱ¾ɭֵɱ뿹⡣
ӥ̣Ҷȴǵĵȷȷ˵Ȼӥ㲻һڶڣԿŽǰ
Ҵ˵ӥ̽ӥ˵ΪѾﵽ֮ڶڣΪһǰڳ֮УΪȴ
ΪЩΪߵǿߣѡһְܸõΪֻʵôҲǿ
ʲôˣҵҲģǲ֪
˵֮󣬿պȻһźڵĶӥһץ漴ɫʱ䣬޾ɱʱ
ҵĹ飬б¸ӽ첻ˣӵ־͵д
ԭҶոջɱһֻܣһֻޣ˶ĺͷ­˶ĵѪζֱӳŵµ˦ȥ
Ϊµ˻ֱ㿪û뵽ӥȴֱץסһ۷ǿ˵ֱǳ衣
ǲλ۷ǿαҶǣ漴ٵȥȵʮ׵ʱϵϢֵ¶
ӥʲôˣǿһΪﵽ۷ĳǿߣҶֻǸոͷųһ˿ϢôǿӦˡ
һΪǺηʥԭֻһͷ¶βĶӽնɱ㣬Ѫʮӥȫ
˵֮ʮ˱ʮֻವһʧԭأһ۷壬ʮۣʵһ
ӥû뵽ǣǿʵȻ˸ţȻҲӦ˵ңҲ֪ʮǰĺҺ
ڲһˣڵֻڶǻӥֱ̼ȣҲһ̣ô۷ǿɱġ


337 ɱ¾
Ȼӥһ۷ǿߣ󻹸ʮۣȴȻҶĵú֪£֪᲻ѪϾԵ޹һ鷳˭ҲԸ⡣
ܿ죬ӥ̵˱һƵ֮ڣӥʱҲǰʲôΪֱ໵һɤӣ뿪ʼ˷񹥻
ȻʮǿߣֵʵѲﶼţƾǵΪʣ򲻻ô۾
ƫƫ˾Ͳ۾һֱǲݵĺУҿ˵ʵҲᱻӥƴĴɱ
˫һԣһʱ쳹أ˿ٵķֿɫЩĿǰӣ˵˭Ե޹ʳ֣ǲе̫ˡ
Ѱˣ˵ѽԷɱһ֮²֪ԷȻһ۷ǿߣԼԼҪͻƵļ
ߣô˵ʲôҲһ۷壬Ͼֻһ֮еĲȴ޷Խĺ蹵
һȴһȻĽԷɱһ۷ҲǳصģνԶַǿ߿ɲֹһ
еȵǣԷȻʮǿߣҿϢʮ˾ȻѾﵽ۷֮
ԷսʱӮôҲƱػǿߣ滹˵ʣôһ˿ĻᶼûС
ӱɣģҪǱɣ޳ܣ㻹һ棬ҵˣת
һ˻ҲʱŭˣȻڵĺѾǵĺңȴҲ˭ģֻһ
һ۷ΣֻҪͷųԼôԼףƾʵǿҲκΪ
ӥ˺󣬴Ѫӥ󡣡
䣬ֻոջվŲѪʮӥȻ񱬷һɹǿɱٵĸȡһѪɫ߳
Ѫӥɱ
Ѫʮӥʮɱֱ󻺻Ĳһ𣬶ԶҶȻ֣ѪʮӥɱȻɱ¾ɭֵɱҪ֡
ǰȻѪӥʮӥΪѾﵽһ֮ĺ壬һ֮ɫΪѾǰʮµĽв
ԭӥ̵ˣֻû뵽ǣӥ̰겻ȻЩܺãܺãܺã
һ˵ܺãѾ˵жɵǰʮµѪӥվҲ첽
ѪӥΣ㻹Ϊܹвңʶһʵ
򡣡
ĸһʱ˸еԼȻһ֮УԶҶ죬ҲȻоԼ֮С
жʱһǵһʶʵȻǿޱȣΪֱһС͵Ŀռ䡣
ںףܹʤΪκε
Ǻܿ죬ҶѾֲ֮ΪԴӺͷųԼĺ֮վǰѪʮӥûжһ¡
ʮ˵϶û¶һ˿ƺһͷųû˿ĸоҶֵڣеһ˿š
ƥΪԼﵽ֮Բӥ̷һĻ˵һ㣬ڣѪӥ
䣬ѪʮӥʱٵתʮǿɱʱһɿֲɱʱɱȻγһɱ¾
ܵԼıͬǿ󣬺ɫӱʵЩ벻ͨԼֵܺúõģûӥ̣Ϊʲôӥһ˾˺֡
һ̸룬Ѫʮӥɱ¾Ѿ٣ĳϽͬȼ£ɱ¾ҪȺǿĶࡣ
ǿʱײһ𣬱򸲸ǹĵطʱ˻ҽһ˿Ӳݶû£ʵ
Ѫʮӥÿһ˵ΪֻǴﵽ۷壬ƾѪӥӲӲĽǵʵһ֮
ֿҲݺݵײһ£ɫʱĲ԰ޱȣһ˶һô˵ѪʮӥܹƾѪӥһˣȷѾš


338 
ðԵɱ¾û뵽ӥѾǿʵǽĳϷѾģʱԶַһŰݷãǡ
ǰɫЩ԰׵棬ӥһ̲ûмѪʮӥ֣ΪȻǰȻˣѪʮҲͬˡ
ѪʮӥܵˣҪȺܵأһ̣ҲڸеĲ֮һΪʲôҪڰԼ
ղűڰûüǣڻȷ֮
ӥ֪Լ˺ҵˣ֪ˣȴܳϣ򴫳ȥӥ̵ŲСĴ
ߣϻ˵պҪôӥ̽žǣסһ㣬ǺѾʮǰǸˡ
˻϶ʱ¶һ˿ŭǺܿ㱻ݺݵѹȥЩ˵ɽˮӥҼסˣߡ
ߣûôװɡ
ʱһϢֱ˸ո׼뿪ĺֵܣգʱ䣬ϷȻ߳ʮӰ
û뵽ƼҳǿҲԶַ
˵һȥʮĺߣֻ۾ӥ۾ϬƺܹϤ˵һƵġ
ƼҵĳԪһΪﵽһĳǿߣƼңȻȲϴ½ϵһţ֪˶ƼҵʵԲ
ǰǰħһΪӵħڣһħʥħʣ棬֪ΪʲôŽ˲ݵĳԹ
Ÿǻɱ˸ӵһʣһ棬¿ǳ׵ŭ˸ӣһºڵҹɱš
˱ΪΪˣϾ֮һǿħʥ򣬶һʣµǿߡ
Ľȴ˴һȫȫڣΪѾﵽħʥ֮еĳǿߣҲͬûӹ
˴һսڴ½ϵĵλܹһҹ֮նɱһħʥĳţҪεʵ
Ƽ񺮼һʱĲʧյĳ˥ܣڴ½֪ŵȴǺܶˡ
˲֪Ƽ뺮һֱ޵УһҲѾ˲ݵĵزֻҪҵһ棬
ô棿
Ҳ֪ǳֵʱȴЩԭǺҵͷƼҡ
Ƽң
ȻҶڴ½ϵһЩǺ˽⣬Ƕȴ֪һЩǵһսһħš
һǺҵˣǹʲô߶ʮһֱ׷˹кϷˡ
ϣһ£
ʲôʣƵ衣
ͷ룬Ҷʵϣһ죬ӵܹҵʵʱô죿
Ҷ⻰˼ʵҪ˽ǰӵôģϾǵٶȣǵʱ𺮼ңҲûпܡ
һҶ첻ܹȷܶԺһûеĻôһлḲ𺮼ҡ
Ҳ֪ȻҶԲңǡ
̾ϢһȻܲû˵꣬е˼ҶѲµʵϣһֱиɻ󣬼Ȼλ㸸׵꣬ôλڻڲ
ո˵꣬ҶȻǰ϶ʱһɱɱֱӱ¶˵λãƺûˣ۾ûпһۡ
ҶһѾˣڽŵʱ̣˲ǡ
ȻܵΪѾﵽ˶𣬵Ƕ˵ʲôܹʤֻܵΪﵽ֮ԪԼƾѪӥﵽ澳Ѫʮӥ
ոպѪʮӥӦÿƽɫֶԷԪĻôʤĽͻƼҡ
ϣ¶ŬʹԼŭݺݵһ˵ûǴҸ׵꣬ȥһΪĵط

Ҷ֪Լû˵ôһطܹʥȥôӦЩͷҶҲڶܵλȻû䡣
˵ܵλ壬ʥ»صҵĻôҶԿ϶꣬ұֿڴ½֮ϡ


339 һ
˵һΪϵһȻǰǿȴҪغܶ࣬ǻר֮
ô֮ʲôѵ֮ʵ
ҡҡͷᵽ¶ܵ¶һ֮УΪƾԼԿ
ץҸ׵֮˸û뵽ӤҸϣҸ׵ΪѾﵽʥ۷壬ֻѾ̤֮
ŶܵĻҶƺѾµʲôϾֻ̤֮ڵʥѾʼתȻӤҲӤʵ
ֱ׵İӤܳɾ֮С
ֻйž߱𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ¶Щᶨ˵ΣҶҪȳ׵֪֮ӵҲʩչʮ꣬һʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣿
֮޷׵꣬ΪһԾǻҲֻܱ׵֮ʮꡣ
ʮꣿ
Ҷ㣬ʮǰܵĸױܵɱʮȥʮøոջʮʱ䡣
Ҷڻֹϵ˭ҲұûĴڣֻΪﵽʥ֮ϣȥˡ
Ҷûʲô˾ĿԶֻҪսʱǶ˾Ϳ֮
ԪνԶַӦΪ˵õʥ֮ĶɣȻ֮ĶԹҷһţõȥ֮˵Σ
ƨȥ֮˵ôõĻᣬɱôԵȥĵܵܡ
ûеȺѻ˵꣬Ԫɫޱȷŭŭǰӻɱĵܵܣںòлᱨôܷ
ԪݺݵһǿסеŭҪѪʮӥոմս֮ˣôЭ
ߡ
ڳɣΪһ̣ڸоĲ֮Ͼʵ̫ˣӥ̲׶ǳ֡
ȻǺҵͷƼţ˵Ǵɺϣţʵ벻ͨʲô뺦ҡ
ߣɡ
˵֮ԪȻϱһǿɱֱ˸ո׼뿪ˣӥƼˣҲԸǣԿٵ뿪ˡ
ֻʣͷһңһƼң˭˭Ӯĺ˵
ڲһˣڸղŵһս֮ѾˣֻˣǶԷȴӵжʮˣиӵ
濪ʼ˾춯صĴս˵ΪѾﵽһ֮ǺѾˣǲô˵һʵǿߡ
ʹǺ򣬶ԪʹȴǱ򲻶ϵײţԲ֮ת֮Ƭݲ
ջԪһɫЩ԰׵Ŀǰӣ˵û뵽쾹ȻԵУˣҪɱңߡ
䣬һɿֲϢֱأ󺮼ֵܱ㳹׵ʧԭأֲϢҲ֮ʧӰ١
ģȻˡ
ݺݵһ䣬ƺںͻȻʧԪûиеκξȣƼʮǿ߿ٵ뿪
Զһù֮ϣҶҲЩȣʵû뵽˵ĺ壬Ȼܹһӵ
øе֣ҵÿһĵӶһַר֮ãַ˺̫أԲ򲻵ѣû˻ʹκ˵Ĳᡣ
ϣа취ҵ𣿡
УʵһܣǾķȻʱӹ׷ɱӳȥľ಻ᳬǧףԣѾǧ֮ڣϷ򡣡
ܵĻҶ֮кȻһǿɱΪѣϧڶһңһӵʥĺҡ
ߡ
ƺµҪʲôǶܲû˵ʲôֻǸмĿһߵĺ꣬˿ٵʧڹ֮ϡ
⣬һѪɫӵĲ԰ޱȣֱҲ벻ͨʲô뺮г𣬼Ȼôһ꣬ҿӥûв룬ܹܲ뿪һ¡


340 ں޲
磬ôˣ
ǰɫ԰׵Ĵ磬ǺɽǺʯж𾪲ѣʵȴȻˡ
ҡҡͷһ̣ͷڷȻȫתףһ˲ƺ˼ʮһ㣬ʵһ
Ϊﵽ֮ϣӳңǺùһ챦ԼչһΡ
Ϊﵽܹ֮ﵽǧ֮ãҺŻİ꣬µꡣ
ʲô⣬ͻ֮Ҳûпܣһ̣˾Ȼһǿ˵Ƕôһµ顣
˶ǺңҲһǿߣ⣬Ǿڸ
Ļжʱһʵû뵽˭ϺңȻѾʧȥ˵ǲô˵ձ
Ǽס˵ÿһ仰вߣҡ
ʱһû뵽Ȼص˵زΪﵽ֮Ĵ綼û˿ģڰǸǿʵǿ
νԶַҳֵ֮⣬ʵˣиǰӰʦ棬뿪ѶţƾҵӰʦ档
硣
죬ٸɶ˵һ䣬ҡ
˵֮кȻһĶǺҵеһ̶ûκεϲá
ǰӹһ˿ٵ뿪ֱܵλܵܵϢȫʧŶܵĮ˵Ȼˣβһ
壬û뵽ʮ겻ȻҲͻƵ֮ϲɺء
䣬ӰȻǰǰӣƺûһеȣѾ֪һ㡣
ܣͲµ㣬Ϊ㣬û˻ʹ޺ҡ
ʹ޺ңҺ޲ң壬Ҳ׷ɱҵУʱǿҪ˵Ѿȥˡ
ӵĻ̾ϢһЩε˵׷ɱ˵ĿԣʵҲûС
죬ǻô޳ܣΣ㶼Ҫ㣬ܵͬҪ
ûеȺ˵꣬ܺȻŭױ׵ܻܵɱԼֱ׷ɱһУھȻ˵пԣ޲ھɱϺҡ
Ȼˣʵη壬ֻλֵܡ
Ȼû˵꣬ȴѾ˺ܶ࣬˼ܲҵĶ֣ɵֻߵĺꡣ
ӵĻǶһɻ󣬾Ҷ춼еһȣʵû뵽ǰ߾ȻܹһۿԼʵʵ
ȻΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮ٻеޣȻϲʹս񽣣ôҲضᱻɱ
㲻Ҫ֣һֺصĸ֪ȻҲ֪ô޻ʵģϷԿ϶ٻ޻ʵİ취
˻ȸе𺳵Ƕܣ֪ղŵǹǴӺζ޻ʣǺεȵʵ
޻ʣѾ൱ʴڣҪԽһ£ͬȼ֮µޣһ㶼ޱȽǿһЩ
û뵽ϾȻˣ˵һûϵȷ޻ʣҲٻǣܹ˲ɱ㡣
ȻлɱҵʵţҲĺȻһΣ
Ŷ˵
ǰˣܴͷβû˵һ仰ȻҶֻʶ죬֮ȴ״򲻶ġ
ж䣬ԺȴޱȵΣ֪ΪʲôΣ˵ԭ
ֻҪܹҵõһöʥ֮ģôҿԴӦ㣬ʱϷ򲻽Ҳõһöʥģһᱣʮʱ䣬Σ
أ
꺮ĻҶ첢ûпһۣתߵĶܣɫʵֻЦЦ˵һ⣬öʥ֮ùǸã
Ӻҵθڡ
˵ĶԻɫڱˣʵû뵽ԼЬȻͬܵġ
ܣ㲻ټĸףôͳ֣ʱһں޲ѡ


341 
׶֣ϺȻһǿɱȻڵΪֻǶ𣬵ô˵֮޵С

˵֮󣬶ֱʹ¾ŽΪѾﵽһĺ壬һʹ˶¾Žĵڰ˽
Ȼˣǲô˵һǿ棬ܺų֮µһˣҲǿһս
һݣֱʹ˶¾Žһ£ж¾ŽһһʹֱǾ춯صܡ
Ŷ¾ŽһҶжʱȻܵһԿвһ棬ǰȴΪʲôʹ
ʵҶ첻ףܵĶ¾ŽȻޱȣܹʹģһ£ǲʹ
һԼ߳һȼǿߣʹ£˵뿪硣
ڽڣٶһ˿Ԫȫľ˲䱬Ǵ޽·Ҳ޼¡
Բͷܸʹ£Ҫǽ캮ĸв˵ʲôҲʹ¡
ͬеȵĲֻҶһˣΪﵽ֮ĺ壬һҲһ𺳣ʵû뵽ԼΪͳܶˣȻвԼ
Դ˳֮һֱǰĺ꣬Ϊ޵ĸ֪ޱǿԺһʼ֪޻ʴڡ
ҪȻʵֱӳֽնɱˣںȻܾȻʹĽУҲеЩ𺳡
ݵ֮󣬺ǿڵƣʱǰӣ֮ǰһĴڣΪ֮
Ϊﵽ֮󣬱ܹʹ֮֮һС͵Ŀռ䣬С͵Ŀռס
ǺȻС˶ܵһֻǸոʹԼĺ򣬱㱻ºݺݵն룬˶ߵķһƮȥ
Ȼٴһ棬ǶһҲԲܣϾֻһΪﵽǿߡ
Ϊܹﵽ֮ôٴʹ¾Žһ£㷴Ҳһ
ǿҡҡ׹壬ĿѾһϢĺ壬˵Ҫǵһʱʴȣ˵ڵѳɾ֮ȺĹεļһ
˵˴ǿҵĿҶ췢֣Ȼʹ˾һҲѾǿ֮ĩʱΣô롣
Ҷû˿ĳɣò׽ôһ֪ѣô䣬Ҫ˵һ棬ڴҲͬС
һƻӳû˿ʼѪʮӥսһȻԪһսڸǱһС
ǿߣһٶıˣҲѾǿ֮ĩֵܵסҶһֻɵ۾һǿ߾ˡ
ˣĺãĺð
Ѿȥ壬Ц漴ֱͦͦĵȥ̾ϢһҶ챧ܵʧؼ䡣
뿪󣬹˰ʱʯͺɽںʬǰһŭţ᲻ͣ
˭˵᲻ᵯֻδĴֵԴӳһİûзֿһӣڣǵĴȻԵ޹ʵˡ
磬ɱ㣬һΪ㱨𡣡
ûӥ̣ƼңһΪеڡ
˵֮˿ٵԼĴ磬Ĺдһǿߺ֮ĹǲТܵܺɽʯּһ䣬˳
˵˳ǰĹݺݵĿͷ漴ڳɣٵ뿪ΪźԺܿҵǵʦ棬ǿһʵǿߡ
һڶ֮УҶɫЩصĿǰڵϵĶܣȻö¾Žһ˺壬ǲô˵嶼һǿ档
Զܻɱ˺壬ҲͬԼɣҪԼʱΣ˵Ѿȥˡ
ȻҶԼѾס˶ܵһڵѾɵãܹѰҵ챦κãʵҲ½½ز
ҶһΪսˣʧȥԼʵǻˣȻֻǽΪµʱˣͬԽܡ



ʮһ ɱ¾֮


342 ̿
һһҹܲתѣǰĺ꣬û˿˵һллΪҲԼڵơ
㲻õģֻҪܹҵʥڵƾͿԻָʵпٴͻơ
ҶĻһҵĶ֮кȻ䱬ɾ⣬Щʴ𣺡˵Ŀģ
ĵ˵ͷҶ̾ϢһȻʥԾι¶ܵƣֳ챦ܹõġ
ҶԼǰһģôñˣԼͿ˲ԼϾһĵʵԼ
ȻڵΪѾ½һ𣬶п»ص֮㲻õǣһطһµʱڴﵽԭʵϣܹһ֮ҵʥ
лֵܣˣպõŴĻôǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳǡ
ҶЦЦû˵ʲôΪ֪ܼȻܹ˵ôһܹõҲΪʲôԼԸ⽻ѵԭ
һʱܸ֪ʲôֻһʱڵƼȻ漣ĺˡ
еȵǣԭ½ΪȻ»ָˣҲжһظУǴͷβܶûʹһ䣬Ϊֻ֪ǰѣһѡ
޾ɱ¾ɭ֣ǶܻҶ죬϶أȻ߳ɱ¾ɭ֣ǽԶַĵһ㣬ɱ¾ռ䡣
Ϊ˾ζܵƣǶѾ˺ܳʱ䣬˴ɽ֮ڳʱ򣬷ʧ
⣬ʮ뿪ɱ¾ɭ֣Զַĵһɱ¾ռ䣬ͬţԶַļʮߣܹɱ¾ɭֽɱ¾ռļֱ֮١
֮µ߶ɱ¾ɭ֮ǿ߻ҲףΪûдﵽ֮ɱ¾ռҲ·һ
ϣȽɱ¾ռ㾡ҪԼʧԼıģһɱ壬ʱ·Ҳް취
ĵ˵ͷҶĻû˿ķԣһҵĿ˵ֱһ顣
߰ɣһܺõᣬ⣬ȵ뿪ɱ¾ռǵΪһĳ
ԸˣҵҰĲֻҪܹҵʥҵΪͻ֮ﵽΪС
ܵĻҶʱеһ⻹ҰĲ֮ǿǿľ硣
ʱ˵ɫʱһ䣬һգ۵ʱ䣬˱㳹ʧԭأûйãɱ¾ɭȻðӰ
ЩӰȫǺºЬ϶Ǳڲ棬ӵжʮˣЩû˿Ϣ¾ǿվ޷Щ˵Ĵڡ
ʥˣѾɹɱҵˣǲǸöˣ
Ϊʥһȫںɫ֮еһӣ˵϶ͣİ˰֣ʾ²Ҫ˵ȥ
ɱ¾ռ֮ڣȫɢǼסһ㣬ֻҪҵʥ֮Ĺڣźţ𣿡
ס
ʮ˵֮ȫʧǰͷ˿ˣӼ˵ǿ߽ңǿĸ֣סһ
ףʥˡ
˵֮Ҳʧ޾ĺҹ֮Уֱȷʮȫ뿪֮󣬶ܺҶ»صԭλá
ʧˣҶЩȵÿֲ֮ȻҲȥЩ˵ʲôͷ
ҶոʧһȺӣǴͷˣȻԼϢҶȻ֣˵ΪȻ֮ϣǶô𺳵һ¡
û뵽ԶַĿȻ̿Ҷˣܹ뿪ߺˡ
ӵ̾ϢҶһ֪ոʧʲôͷ̿ңҶԼû˵һ
ƺеɻ󣬶룬˵ǧ֮ǰ½ϺȻһΪ̿ҵʵǿ󣬶һ͵ϮɱӰΣ̿ͼĸȼֱ֣ۼ𼶱漶ʥоʼʥ𡣡


343 ʹ
ۼ𼶱漶ʥоʼʥ𣬶һ͵ϮҲ̫̬˰ɡ
Ҷе𺳵ǣӸղӶǰӵĻܹôȫں֮ǰˣȻһʥ
ʥʲô
ʥΪȻﵽʼ𣬶˾ʥǿߣҲ˵νԶַ̿һһʣ档
ʵҪһţҲתۼ飬ǿ߶Ǵ̿ͣͬȼǿߣҲǱͷۡ
Ҷ죬Ҫסһ㣬պʵҲҪϴ̿ң㽫ް֮ա
ĵ˵ͷȻҶҲеνĴ̿вޱȣòҪҲ׷Ź
߰ɣҲɱ¾ռ䣬ǸʲôĴڡ
˵֮˿ٵĳǰȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱㳹׵ʧԶڵɱ֮УʱƬɱ¾ɭ־Ȼƽ޹ʵʧһû¡
ո̤ɱ¾ռ䣬ҶɫʱޱΪѾɱ¾ռڣܵһǰδеɱ
ÿֲɱҪ˵ɱҲܲˡ
ĵ˵ͷܵĻҶǳͬɱ¾ռɱѾһ˼ĵزǿﶼпʱ䡣
ʱ˺ȻǰǿϢ˶Կһۣû˿ĳɣֱӳǰȥ
ģν͵ϮˣǻҪҪ
һӣһŭĿǰʮˣҲͬվʮˣֻǰڷʬ塣
ߣԸħˣʲôֶζ޳ܣħ뿪򡭡
޶㲻Ҫ̫Ȼǵʵڲ㣬ɱǣʱҲҪܴĴۡ
˵֮󣬻ûеħ˷Ӧ֮˺Ȼҵĺһգ۵ʱ䣬ȫһࡣ
һһŵĿǰȻֵĺӣ֪Ϊʲô޶ܹǰϸܵһ˿в
뵽޶⣬ȻΪѾﵽ֮䣬½֮ϣҲǳǿˡ
޶ǰȫںµӣΪԲҪǿ࣬ҲѾﵽ֮䶼˵
ʲôˣ
޶ܹܵģڶǿҲͬܵˣȻĦһڵʵôô˵Ҳһڳ
һգ۵ʱ䣬ʮǿ߰һһڣĻᶼûУʲôʵʵ˵
ٺ١ǵʹߣġ
źӵЦ˶еһϺȻ䣬һϢˣɱ¾ռɱγһɸӿֲɱ
֡
ûڸҳȥΪ޶кٳȥĻҪ˵ˣֵסɱ
ɱ¾ռ֮ڵɱԻɱ֮µǿߣɱ֮صһǿߣܹǼȥ
˸еֵǣûеȵǳ֣ѾԼȻܶˣƺʲôסԼһ㡣
һ˶ʱеһϢǣϢͬɱ¾ռɱһ˴ĵ׸е־Ķ
һȺ֪ĶʹҪҪ˵ǣǿﶼһǻɡ
˵֮󣬵ʹ߲ûκζֻ޶ڵˣʱɱΪѾ֮޶ûκεķ
ôãǲǸóˡ
ɱ˽ʮǿߣΪ͵ҲǴﵽ֮ǵʹ߸û˿ǰĹ˵
ʹߣҺû˵
ʹߵĻ䣬ǰĹϺȻӰѸҶܣʹߵʵҲʱеһ˿ֲ
û˵ڣ𣬾һУҲ·һ
ʹߵĻܶʱ󾪣ȻΪ֮µһˣ˶ףĻôû˿Ļᡣ
ҲתȻս֮ЩԹģһ첻ѣҾԲ֡
ʹߵĻ׵Ҷ죬ȻѾܹ³Լǵʥ֮µһˣΪѾﵽ֮սתһֱȷ
ֱһ̣ʹߵĻʱҶ쳹ˣԼǵǸһնɱ˴ʵսǿߡ
սת
ʹߵĻҶ죬Ҳһ𾪣ϾǸųʥ֮µһˣһնɱ˴ʣҪ˴ʥֽӡ˵սʵΪѾﵽʥ֮䣬֮䶼пܡ
˶֪ʵսһֱǶܵż񣬶ܴСһսˣǶһ֮Կ˴ʣʵֱǷԼ
һ̣˵ԼոսύѣȻǵսתܲеޱ𺳡
ҡҡͷҶҲһε˵Ҳ֪⣬ӦҾǵսת
ģһľսʣһ֮ս˴ʣȻȫɱһһʥҪǰ˴ʥͬʱ֣˭˭ӮһҾȻԼżһǵġ
ܵĻҶʱеһЦԼսʵתֻҪһԼ겻ѣôԼһͲսʡ
ƺµе뷨ʹ漴˵һսûüۿҲȥսɽѣɽ򡭡
ɽ֣ҶһΪսɽ˴ʴսնɱ˰˴ʣһһʥ
˴ʥͬʱ֣սѹɽȻҶ첻֪սôֻأҲʧѾ¶ѣܵδԶַȥȻȥһŽСˮ飬ʱ͵ɽһˡ
ʱԼǲսתͿиˣһ̣ҶﷴϣԼսתϾսôľ¡
ȻʵΪսʥ˿ܣʥʵѾ˵֪Ͼʥ֮Ĳ࣬һԽĺ蹵
лʹ档
Լǰǰʲôϵһ̣ʹ߲Լ֣Ѿ˵˺ܶ⣬պಫʱҶһһ


344 ֮
Ҷ룬ǶڻĶ˵ȴôˣô˵ɲǰôġ
ҸЩûκεĿģΪǧܹսʤҵˣ֮⣬ǵһսʤҵˣҲĽܣôһ޷ͻʥ硣
ʣ
˴Ҷ뵽ǰʹߣ˵ʦħ˵ǸʹߣôʹߵʵɾҪ¹ˡ
տʼ˻ΪʹߵΪֻǴﵽ֮û뵽ǣӵΪȻﵽ֮
ҲȻˣô˵ʹ߶սͬһʱǿߣǧʱ䣬Ϊûдﵽ֮ʵ˵ȥ
Ҷһ벻ͨǣʦ˵ʹߵΪֻǴﵽ֮һǰ֮ڵ顣
սѾﵽ֮ʹ߼Ȼܹսһսô˵ʹߵΪҲӦôﵽ֮
֮Ĳ̫뵽ֻ˵һ⣬ʦеĵʹߣĵʹߣˡ
һ⡣
ʰɣǴҵĵߣҶ㡣
һλʦҲһʹߣһڰ֮ڣλʹֻһ𣬲֪֮Ĺϵ
ʦλ
ħ档
ڵʹߵ⣬Ҷû˿Ͼɷ˵ͷʵ̫ˣ˵ΪѾﵽ֮
ʲôΪ
һ档
ҶѾȫȷǰλʹߣʦħ˵ĵʹߣͲͬһˡ
棿ʵЩͣӦʹߡ
ؼʹߣ
Ҳ޷ǵ֮ĵʹһΪȼͼͭʹߣΪֻﵽ֮мʹߣΪﵽ֮߼Ľ𼶵ʹߣΪﵽ֮Ҿһ𼶵ʹߡ
ӵĻҶ죬һһֱû˵Ķ϶ЩݣΪﵽ֮ȻܳΪ֮ͼͭʹߡ
Ҳ˵Զܵʵȥ˵֮磬ֻܵһͼͭʹߣҶȥˣͼҲС
֮Ľͭʹж٣
룬жٲ֪ˣʮǰͳƣͭʹߴмǧˣʹӦмˣڽ𼶵ʹ߾ˣ༸ʮˡ
һʮ˸ҶҲΪȻǧ漸ٸʶмʮģҲ̫˼ˡ
ʮ֮緢չͭʹ߶ûжٷչȥô죿
ӵĻͬʱһ޳ܣʵȻ㣬ܹô޳ҲͿˣϾ֮ʵ˵ôҶţ֮ʵҪȴ½ϣǿ
Ҷһ䣬֪ԶַΪʲô
Ҳ㣬νԶַҲΪ˵ڶʥ֮ĹֻҪܹõһöʥģôʮ꣬ұԴﵽʥ֮
ĵ˵ͷǰӵ˵Ҷûһ㻳ɣϾνԶַļʮߣٷ֮ʮŶΪʥ֮Ķ
ǽԶַĿģӦɣ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ϾȴΪʥ֮ģѪҺϾֶһ֣ڶʱ½۷塣
ãνԶַֻ֮һǽУһ·֮Ҳиչˡ
ӵĻʱɻ󣬲֪һ̣λΪѾﵽ֮֮Ľ𼶵ʹΪʲôѡ
ﶼǱѡ񣬱ϾӵΪ̫ǿ󣬾ʹ£Ҷٻ޻ʶ޷սӡ
Ȼֻܹ
ƺ֪˲ܾԼʹ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʱԽҽš
˵֮󣬽Ҳǰˣֱӳǰȥţ֣֪Ϊʲôͬʱ뵽һܡ
ţǵģ˲ڽ𼶵ʹʵֻŵھɣ
Ҳ֪µûôſеĵ֮ͼֱ̫ˡ
ģӻ˽꣬û˵ʲô֮磬˵᲻档
ᣬʦҲ˵ҲһԳԵʹߣΪǴﵽ֮ҾӦûƭǣǸνĵ֮ͼֱ̫ˡ


345 ɱ
֪Ϊʲô˵½֮ϻŵ֮طԺ󣬲Ҷ컹Ƕܣû˿һҪʶһµ֮ĳ嶯
֮ʹߣΪ͵ͭʹߵΪﵽ֮磬ߵĽ𼶵ʹߣΪﵽʵǿߡ
ʵţħĴȫҲȵ֮ǿ٣һ̣Ҷʶһ½
ǰΪ½֮ʵǿһţħĴɣΪĲҶͬʱ֪
ԭΪŻħĴɣ϶ʥ򣬵û뵽ǣ֮УȻڡ
ƮøһҲΪﵽ֮񣬽׽̶̼ʱ䣬ʹȻ
ȻǶţǴ½ֻҪ΢֪˶ףһҶš
ڣ½ֳһ֮ţǿЩֲҶԿ϶֮ڡ
һ뵽֣ҶйУϾѾվʵ壬ֻһʱһ˱Իɱ½ǿߡ
ô㶼ҪСģܾ˶ͼ
ĵ˵ͷڶѵһ㣬Ҷʵ뵽λųƽ𼶵ʹߵˣϲʶԼд졣
ȻҶѾȷԼǵսתҲƾһ㣬ȫŽŵĻ˭֪ڸʲô
ҶΨһ֪һ£ǾԼ˸޷ؾŵĻϾһʵǿߡ
ǶʹʵҲû˿ʤ㣬Ͼ֮Ĳֱ̫ˣĵ޻ʣҶҲû˿ġ
һʱԼٻ޻ʣӶвţôʱĺͺˣϾ޻˭Ҳۺ첻ѡ
ûٳɣȻһԸ⣬ȻҪͨУڽҶ컹Ƕܶûг֣Ϊÿ鷳ǣŶһԷնɱ
ҽŲ˭û˿ĳɽնɱԶ̶ʱڣħ֪һɱħͷɱ¾ռ
ӣҶ췢ԼԶַѾһˣȻûйĳ֣ƾɱ¾ռڵĿֲɱΪٴͻƣѾﵽ˶֮
ڶܣҲӸտʼĶֱӴﵽ۷徳磬붫ԴսһѾ衣
棬Ҫͻ֮ﵽ澳磬Ҫʮʱ䣬ﶼףȥʲôʥ֮ĹֻҪɱ¾ռһЩʱ䣬Ϳ˳ﵽ֮
վסûүٽ𣿡
Ҷɱ·ʱһǳӺ𣬺ܿ죬ʮ˵Ķͣǰ
վǰһ໹ӢӸ߸ߵģͺ꣬Ҫǣͷһ̥ǡ

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Ͼɱ¾ռڵɱɱ֮ˣԵ˿һֻ֮ʱ϶¶һ˿
ҸղŽôģүǣʵ㡣
ĻЦˣʮҲЦˣɱ¾ռڣһܹɱ¾ռ䲢һˣΪԶﵽ֮ϡ
ܹ֮ƾɱ¾ռɱΪһһ£Եֵɱ塣
ƺЦԼʵʥ֮Ĺʲôط
⣬Ҳ̲סԶЦҲ֪ɵǼɵԼ֪ʥ֮ĹʲôطôҲɱ¾ռεˡ
ҪЦүǽɽˣҽнɡ
ĻҶ⣬ǶܻǾͽ˵϶¶һ˿𾪣ƺɽʲôµĵطһ㡣
ɽǰ˵ɽÿһŽڣҽʥӵŰλ֮࣬ɽ׽֮䣬û뵽ɽҲˡ
ɽ񣿰λʥ
ܵĻҶıݺݵײһ£һֲţӵŽڵҪȴ½κһǿΪǸǸ߸ϵĴڡ


346 
Сģʣ档
ŵʶҶжʱһʣʲô˼Ƕ
Ҷľǣ˵ʵȻûвɽʵܼɵȻ޷о
֪Ҳ֪ʥ֮Ĺʲôط
ڽɽʵΪѾﵽ۷ĶܣԸϣϾ󽣻Ĵ档
һĻƾܵʵ˵ԽնɱҲҪܴĴۣϾµķ̫ǿˡ
󽣻ʣĴ棬˼һΪѾﵽ֮ĵʹ߽Ҳܻʤ
ǲҪ£ֻҪǲǽɽˣôҲ׶ǳ֣ҪΪǿ·ûɣ
ĻֱöܵɫҲˣȻɽʵǿ˵ҪҼ̽·
Ҷɱ¾ռ俪ѾһǧʱˣϴνԶַǿߣܹıûмνԶַûС
ԶԶַһУʵһƬãȻֻǸոսɱ¾ռ䣬ɱ¾ռѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ټɱ¾ɭڵߣνԶַļʮߣѾȥ˽ʮ򣬻ܹɱ¾ռڵߣΪﵽ֮ϵǿߡ
񽣷ˣΪֻǸոմﵽ֮Ȼɱ¾ռڴȫΪӵűڶǿߵػ
ڶ̲סҪʱҶȻʶҲû˵ʲôֻǰ棬䵱˽ɽ̽·ʯ
ղΪʲôҳ֣ȻǵĶ֣Ҫ뿪ֱ׾١
߱߿ߵĺ꣬ʵе벻ͨڽɽ裬ȻˣһӦҪ
һ߰ޱȵ˵ֱһЦΪѣЭˣϾҶȹ
ҶܺţȻڵʵ澳ǿ߻еһƴǿߵĻǼֱû˿Ǵ򲻹Ҫ뿪ֱ׾١
νԶַǿߣұΪжʮʣʮ棬ǰԲֹˣɽʣȾͲ֪
ҶĻʱö˳˼֮УϾֻܵ˶ʮϢʮϢЩǿϢ֮оԲɽǿڡ
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¶һ˿ЦݣҶû˵ʲôֻʯ˵ʲôֻոջһĶܣתЦҡ
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ӵĻɶʱ¶һ˿̵Цݣ޾ɱ˵ԩ·խɽĳڿԱˡ
ү˵ΪѾﵽ֮䣬˵ʵ²֣緢źţٻǰ
ʲôɶǶʣ㵥У־ȻҲ޷ɱԷڼȻҪٻ磬ʱݹҪߣУ˵ʲôҲС
ûеô˵꣬ɶʱףνԶַɽһɳֱֵܣ꣬ɡ
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ܵܽɣѾʮȴֻһ˵ĲŻҲԶֵܣȴûнԶַ
ֵһ˴ʣԶַĹֻһԶַڵʥ֮ѪҺ
˭ܹõôԽɽʵҪʮڴһֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ե󽣻˵ҪɱʹߣǼѰʥ֮ģѾһ˿ģϾʥ֮ҲϣԼܹõ
ҸҪһ£˾Ȼ֣νԶַĵʹߣȻǺųƵ֮Ľ𼶵ʹߡ
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347 ʥ֮
󽣻ʵ˼ֱٻɽˣʱĴ󽣻֣ԷһΪﵽǿߣҲͬҪ
ǰ˵ʲôҲͬ⣬󽣻Ҳû˿İ취ô˵ʼնǽɽɽĶӡ
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Ȼʥ֮ޱȣǶڽɽ˵ȴҲǷǵõУѪҺͲһˣܹõѪҺôɽʥͿͻһϡ
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Ȼ󣬵ǰ˶Ѿͣ½Ųû˿ı飬˵ƾҲ𣿡
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ΪкʵʶжôֲҪ˵ֻΪﵽ֮ĽɣǣҲ׽С
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348 ֮
֮ƾҲ뽣ɽԿǲ֪
ʱռȻһԶʮӰӰתۼѾ󽣻ǰ
ˣҶһ󣬿ɽֻɳʣϸոյνԶַɽһɳǿߡ
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ʵҲʱеһ˿ֻţȻΪѾﵽ˰ʥ֮ǶʣҲû˿ʤ㡣
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˵֮󣬽ҲͬƣһֲϢ˲ͬһ˿֮ҶԷ֣ŵյ֮罣յ֮ǿ
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Ϣȴһô˵ɽɽԷԸһҪүܳһ顣
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ſֲϢ곹׵˽׵ĻոɳȥѾ䣬벻ͨ˭ͬʱɱ档
Ҫ˵ɽǸոɱҲԸţϾ˵ΪߵҲֻǴﵽ֮ôܻɱ档
ǿϢ¾ңҲδֵܹס˵һС
꽣׵Ļɽ˰ڣÿһ˵¶һ˿Ȼǰߵʵ
һΪﵽʥ֮ǿ߾Ȼ˵Լһжֲʲôֻ˵ɱǿһʥ
һ뵽ʥ϶¶һ˿ȻȻɽҲŽʥڣЩʥһֻ֪չصļһ
ɽɽ֮ѣЩϹǾԲɽһڣԶַڣȻһʥһɱ˽ɽ档
ߣܴ˵ǲʥһɱɽ棬ʥɽҲ᳹׽˻ɱ
˵֮󣬽ϱһǿɱ˵֮⣬û˸Խɽ֡
˴¼ȥôɽ彫ܵǰδеĴǣɱ˭֪
һɽڣҶ򵥵Ĳһ˾֮УȻ֪ٻ޻ʷɺС˷֮
һ۷ǿػҶԲʹս񽣣Ϊ֮һ߾Ϳ׽ɱ
תۼţڶҹû뿪һ϶ûкϹһΣΪ֪һ̵ҶͷԼ˵ʲôҲҪǰꡣ
Ƕҿҹѵϳˣ
ڶһ۲գĿǰ˵ĺʱҶȻ˫ۣ֮дһ˿м˵Ͼܿػҹ
ҹ֮Уһڶûгԣɼ˵֮أ˵¶һ˿ϲ
ûˣ
ûˣû뵽βûһͻˣȻֻһ֮Ҳˡ
Ļܶʱһɣʮ꣬ΪѾﵽ֮ٶȣ֪ҪĽˡ
˵ڣʱʱ̿ǿϢɨ䣬ǽɽǿߣô˵νɽʧǿߣԺеæˡ
˭˵ɽǻɱģ㿴ˣ
һɻĿǰӣҶɽǵͷϣϾǵʵ˭Ҳܹɱǿߡ
ƺǰ껰е˼֮¶һ˿ĵ˼ʵڳȥ
ȻҪˣ㻹ûͻ֮ҪľΪͻ֮
ҶĻ̾Ϣһ˵µȲһˣ֪Ϊʲôǰʼұоڵķ֮ԽԽ󣬿ʮ죬֮ͻὫɡ
жʱһҶ켱ɴʵô£ҲѾסڵķ֮Ϊʲôɣ
Ҳ֪Ҳ뽣ɽսġ
üͷҶİַڶܵϣʱһһεĹȥҶɫҲԽԽأˡ
ֻҪı飬ܻѾ֪ԼƾϾ¾Žһнµķ̫֮ǿˣֵܵסġ
ʲôҪ˵ҲµĲʥ֮Ĺһʥʥ֮Ĺ
Ҫ˵ǣֱΪֹҲûһܹѰҵʥ֮ĹҪʮ֮ڽʥ֮Ĺֱе㲻̫ʵ
ԼҪʮ֮ҵʥ֮ĹڣֱҪȵ컹ѣҾ㵽ʱټʥ֮Ĺûʥһ
һ̣ѾԼʧȥģеޱǣȻµķ֮ҪΪһһǧɣڻήʲôز˭Ҳ˵׼
Ҷȴûи߶ܣΪԼֻʱѹڵķ֮ȴȻԼ߳һȼǿ߶սӶ˸ӿֲķ֮һãôͲǽΪô򵥣Ҫ
ҶţԶַĵڶʥ֮ĹһʥϾʥǳ챦ЩرǿĵطŻӵУҶ쿴ʥ֮Ĺһֲܿһط


352 ɱ¾֮
뵽ܵƣҶ㾡ʥ֮Ĺǵ˸ո뿪ڣѾΧסϵǿϢҶ췢֣˾ȻΪѾﵽ֮
ǰƾܵǿʵڻ£뽣һսڻϲٳ֣Ǽӿ췴ɵٶȡ
Ҷ죬ٻ޻ʣôҪɱǰӼֱ׾٣ĺ޷Ԥϡ
ɢޣνԶַϣõöʥģֱϴҹգҹ£ҹǣ˵ΪѾﵽ˶֮
ȫһ˱ɱ
Ŀǰˣ¶ܶʱΪȻҶܹٻ޻ʣǷ֮ͬԼ١
ķ֮Ҫ֮Żᷢƾ۷ʵֻҪһбԳ׽˻ɱ
ҡҡͷȻҶ֪˵󣬵Լȥðһ֮ҲС
£ҹۣνԶַҪҼöʥ֮ģȴظǼһݺ˶ǵ鷳
ظ
ĸ֣ҶжʱһظԱ˵ҲȻǶ˵ֱǲݡ
ֱҶϡǵõƮ칬ɱԼ飬ҪԼȡ壬˵ڵҶѾ⡣
Ҷ죬λǶܣλظνԶַһжˣԵʵΣ
Ļҹֵܶʱһ㶣漴˱׹⣬ǰظŶԹ
ظԶַһʮʮ˵ʵǿһʣ棬Ҫֵô
һʣ棬Ҷͷ룬ʵȷǿڵʵ޷һ˿
ҶԼظĶԹѾﵽ˲ݵĵزνԶַظߣԻȫɱ
ҲλظŲݵĶԹظ¾ݣλһֶԸظλΣ
û⡣
ǽô죿
ʻҹֵܵϴҹգΪѾﵽ˶۷壬ֻһͻϣﵽ֮
֪ظЩʲôط𣿡
֪ǶˣҲظЩ˵Ķ֣һ
ǰˣҹֵܶһƣҶΪǶܵʵʵ֪ҵ֪ӾǸµսʱ˻ϲһ¡
ǲô˵ظʵǿˣʣ涼һܶԸ˵ģһʵ൱ߴ
һܹƥʵôǿߣҲһǧꡣ
һ̣Ҷ뵽ս¼֮е󷨣ԴΪﵽ֮ս¼ƺֿµһ㣬֮ǰĸǿ󣬾󷨸
ǰҶ첼´ҪסɱԼ߼ȼǿߣҪͬȼǿסѹС
Ϊﵽ֮ͬʱӵµ󷨣ֻҪѰҵӦͿԲ´ɱʥ֮ǿߡ
Ȼս񽣿Բ´󣬵Ҫٻ޻ʣܹ֮ܵˣҶһҲһĪչ
˵ģѵһߣ
ĵ˵ͷҶֵܣҶ첢ûκεϾ˵ĵ˾ѣһĵˡ
Ļҹֵ϶¶һ˿𺳣Ͼ½ϵ߱٣ÿһ߶ޱǿĴڡ
Ϊﵽ֮ߣƾ󷨵ס֮µǿߣɱҲµĵط
ȻһǿߣҶ˸û뵽껹һǿߣôµĴͬȼ֮п޵С
û˿ĳɣҹֵȡеò˵óϾܸܵһ˿˿ֲϢ
ҹȡһͷҹȡһֻҹȡһ˵˵ѾﵽƷ۷״̬ûдﵽʥ
һΪĸȼһʥַΪŸȼʥʥʹãǾͲ˵ˡ
Ʒ۷壬ǰƷĻظһΣͬԽסǾƷôɱҲʲô¡
ƷƷҹֵܾ˪˵һ㣬ϾǵõƷҲʹȻڰ˾Ʒǿɶǲɶõı
ʵƷߵΪһһƷ൱ߵ֮磬Ϊﵽ֮ΪŸȼֱΪ飬ͣʦڣۣ棬ʡ
ƷŸȼӦõƷʵҪв棬ҪƷǿߣôҲҪƷ
ȻҶ첻֪Լս񽣣ս׵һ𣬵ս׻ս񽣣ҲӦôﵽʥ
ʹеκһ֣Ҫ˵ССǿߣʥĳǿߣҲԼ䡣
Ҷ죬ҲһȻûдﵽƷ֮ڰƷ֮УȴҲϼƷ
˵֮󣬶ܵкȻһŴɫģеĺǣҶ֮⣬뾪
ɱ¾֮ģ
ûȴɱ¾֮ģȻֻƷȴҪʥ£Ǵ˵еɱ¾֮Ŀ֮µһ
ɱ¾֮ģ
һĸ֣֪Ϊʲôɱ¾֮ĵʱƺݺݵļ¶һ£һָоɱ¾֮Ϊ׼ġ
ûȥҹ˵ľܿǰ꣬͵ɱ¾֮ģഫ֮ǰһλɱޱȣʥߣҲ˲ɱ
´磬˵ӵɱ¾֮ģ޵У֮޵𣿡
ҶĻǶܣҹֵܶҡҡͷϵı鼫Ĺ죬¸Ҷ벻ͨˡ
֮ǰ½һţʮﵽ֮һʱ£֪Ϊʲôȴʥ׷ɱʱ䣬λǰҲ𽥱һ׵׵ɱ񣬲ɱʵǿҲվֲһ̣ɱһлΪһģ֮Ϊɱ¾֮ġ
˵ûԴɱ֮ɱ¾֮ľʧȥӰ֪ʮͬΪɱʵһǿߣƾɱ¾֮ģȻʥܻɱһʱɱ¾֮ĵĵλˮǴߣΪ֮µһɱ


353 
Ҷʵû뵽ǣɱ¾֮ľȻӵƾɱ¾֮ģȻԻɱʥǿߣֱҪǿ
½ȻޱȣֻҪΪһյ֮ôͲʹ
ɱ¾֮Ƚһ£ʱؽ赹ԡ
ҶĻĵ˵ͷ˵ǰ֮еõöɱ¾֮ģǰ֮䣬Ҷ޷ʹеɱԺҲҪˣ͵͸
Ҷƺ˵ʲôȴܼᶨľܾˣ΢΢̾Ϣһջû˵Ϊ֮꣬Լ£ôѾͻʧȥˡ
ȻҾлл´ˣɱ¾֮ģƾ󷨵ظһӲȥ
ţ˶֮⣬ҹֵȻ¶һ˿ϲȴΪȻϾ̫ˡ
룬Բʮﵽ֮䣬ٶȼֱݣʱܸ˵ʱ˻ССһ¡
Ϸ֮һȣɱҪŨҼǾѡɱǣһҪ鷳λ
ֹĺ꣬ҹֵ֪Ҫ˵Ļҹ˵ʱ֮һʮ˴֮ڡ
λСģһնɱظʮˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôϾѾظԹǲظ鷳ôظҲԲŹˡ
ȵ˳ʧھͷɫЩصʵĻɱʮпһǿߴڡ
Ҫ˵ֻΪոմﵽ֮Ҷ죬Լȫʢʱڣʹ¾ŽһнҲһʵĶ֡
ǹ¶֪ܲΪʲôȴǰĺ꣬Ϊ½ϵʵ̫ǿˣԽɱҲûпܡ
´ģ֮ǰһûģɱ¾֮ģаٷ֮ظʮˡ
ðɡ
ھ͸ϿȣҪܳʱ䡣
ĵ˵ͷûٳɣȫϷ֮ȣһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿʧԭء
ԴΪﵽ֮Ҷ֪ս¼ܣԭѧЩֻս¼֮еƤë
ս¼һΪ㣬Ҷֻս¼ĵһ㣬ҲҶеЩޱȡ
ΪΪﵽ֮Ȼս¼ĵһ㣬һȻҲΪ󣬶ֻǿߵһ
ҶѾˣΪ֮е󷨣ֻҪϰƷϵǿҲͬԽɱ
ҲʱҶս¼ǿеޱһǿ󣬾ͲҪ˵ڸڸ֮ϻŵڶ㣬㡣
һʱ֮Ҷƾɱ¾֮ģһ֮в֮бɱڣȸɱա
ǰֱһ̣֪Ϊ֮ģ˵ĴҪ˵ɱʾԿԡ
ΪֻҪ۷֮µ߽Уᾭǧɻ֮࣬Ҳǧ궼ȥֱĻ֮һɡ
ҶĻԶܵԣҲɵΪ֮һǧɻ֮࣬ǧ겻ǺεȵĲ̡
̫̣пܣϣպΪϾŴʹȻϾ
ȻܵĻû˵꣬е˼ȴԣô˵궼ѣ˵ѳֻٵ˵аˡ
ظȫңҪԼסҵļˣ˵Ҿǹ¼ҹˣɱȫңҾҪȫ壬ԶظÿһˣҶȫɱ̵ȥ
˴ףΪʲôԼϵܻ˲̣Ͼ̶̵ͨʱգǰϵܾһ̵ˡ
ԭԷ˼壬Ҫ˵Ҷ죬Լͷϣ»ĸӹ֡
ȻЩǣȻΪѾ֮ܲͬп޵Уһӵǿ󷨡
Ҫ˵֮ͬУǱǿһЩߣҲԲĶ֣ҪԵһţһʥڵĿֲڡ


354 
ƺµ˶룬Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵Ҫ˵ظ˭Ҷҵļ˲ͬҲ𡣡
¶һ˿Цû˵ʲôô֪µȥҲظһ˿
ѣԼһḰǣ˵Ҫ˵һظΡ
ʱԶȻʮǿϢ˶һЦûеȵظˣȴ
ҶܿɲĴ֮ΪǶжǿΪ磬ֻҪĴôȴĽֻһ
˸ոʧ֮˶ʮˣȫһɫӣڶʮǰֺȻһߡ
ΪϹǱĳϣһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣĶʮ֮УΪ͵Ҳǿߡ
ظһνԶַֻǳһʣ棬ʣµıԼۼǿߡ
ʵ֪Զַ󣬾ĽЩ֮ǿߣҲֻǹһĴڡ
ԶַѾˣϹеһ˿ջǣδߣʮˡ
ʱƣ˱Ź⣬˷֣ɱ¾ռ֮ڣȻҲǿޣ뻹Ϊﵽ޻ʼǿڡ
ͬȼ޻ʣֻҪʲ̫죬ôս֮У޻ʻҪǿһЩΪ̫ǿˡ
ǰһһֻһֻԶԿʵǿޣȻƾǿʵϹֻ񣬵ǱҲʧʮǿߣл
Ϲϣɱ֮أЩ˵ֵסɱ壬һʱΪɱ˻ֻ¡
ųϲصģж裬û˷һţȻ֮УֻҪǸһʬΡ
΢΢һ̾ųϻ˵ʲôû˵ȻΪҲѾﵽ֮Ҳǳϣǰȣȴ֮
˷¶ʱ򣬶ʮ˻һ㣬ʱǰȼȥһգ۵ʱʧӰ١
Ҷ첼µ󣬳Լ󷨣˴濴ʲôǿҲС
ȵʮȫʧ֮˵Ӱٴγ֣ܵɫЩص˵ȻǱˣһʣ棬𣬺ܲʵ
Ҷȴû˵ʲôǿɱɱҲʹöܴɻ
뱦𣿡
ʳ⻰ʱ򣬶ܶôϣߵ˵ǣϾظͬһĴڣѾһţһ֮ҲгԹպҪͬʱš
´磬ЩҲ㣬ظŲݵĳԹţҲͬŴССĶԹԡ
ֵܣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȻҵΪôǰ˵ҪȻҽˣôҾһء
ܵĻҶмĿһߵӣ˻ϣܹѣǿ
û˿ĳɣҶӳһԭɱڶʱĹǺһգ۵ʱ䣬ָֻƽֻɱ粻ϴš
׼뿪֮ʣȻԶľ֮ϴһĺ쳹صĽ˵ɫ𺳡
ʮһ޻ʽ񡣡

ȻҶҲ֪һֻΪﵽʮһ޻ʣǽȴǵһ˵ǴӶֻܹ֮ܵļɵ
ƺܹµеɻ󣬶ܿٵĽŹڽһУԭһһ޶Ĵڡ
һ޶֮ϲŻһֻԲֻͬޣԽǶôϡˡ
ҽֱ֮Ϊɱ¾֮ǰ½һֻ񣬲ֻȴһֻʮޡ
һֻɱɱ¾½ƣҲͬУŭɳʮΧŽ䳹նɱ
öʵû뵽ǣѾĽ񣬾ȻԶַɱ¾ռڣֻȻûдﵽ֮Ҳﵽʮһ޻֮Ƕ˶ܶԸ˵ġ


355 Ϊ˰
ܵĻҶҲһ˿ȣֻ񣬾һֻɱ¾ԼܹշɸԼԪͽ
Լ뷨Ҷ첢ûиߵӣΪţԼ˵ܶδػš
ô˵Լ˵Ϊߵ۷壬͵Ҳֻֻ֮ȴһֻʵ޻ʡ
ҶԺ֮гһ뷨ǾԼ֮е޻ʣ𽣬ֻ񵽵˭
ܹշֻ񣬶ԼΪﵽ۷ʱ֮е޻ʣҲڷԼ
ǸϿУֻҪҲҾĽɱ
˵֮Ҳһ𺳵ĶܣҶһӣ˶ʱʧԭأʱһֻǧɵĽɫȵľ֮ϡ
޳ܵ࣬ʷҪʬβɡ
һŭޱȵʱ쳹ȣ֪ΪʲôԴȵľ֮ϣƺӦʲôʼھ֮֮ڡ
ž֮ϲĽҶ¶һ˿Цݣ˵һĽ񣬺һʵǿĽ񡣡
ҶЦ⣬ȴһأҲû뵽Ҷµ󣬾Ȼ񶼲ҽ롣
ؼһ޶ޣǶҪһ˴ϻۣܽշһ
ʮ֮ҽţܹշôԱҲһ֡
ʲôŸʲô
ҶĻܵɫʱ䣬ȻظҲţȣǾҪԶˡ
ǧ֮Ϊµһţ̺ĵʵ󣬶ֱܼԿ϶Ҷ鷳лɽĻᡣ
һУҲòȥΪҵİˣԼİ˶޷´磬˵һϻʲô˼
ҶĻ̾ϢһȻ֪֮䵽׷ʲô飬ΪԼİˣȻҪ֮ףݵܲò
ԶַҲʱһݣģû뵽һӾȻĴ£ϵܣǷܹɽʱҵֱض䶯½
мĿһߵӣҶ˵ǵҪԼҪȻ˭Ҳû¸ȥһš
ǽЩ鷳Ȼȫշ񡣡
ĵ˵ͷ˿ŶԷЦڣϹ޾飬ʵʵҲЩ𺳡
Ϲϣ󷨣
ǰߣųЩŵʵϾԶַǴСģ鷳ͲǣҪǽôǲŲȡ
ñ벻ͨǣ⴦ɱǿҼȣΪʲôͻȻһ󷨣޴
ûȷһ󷨣ҵ㣬ӦòΪϾϵ̫ϡˣǰǰ¡
ϹĻ˶ͬĵ˵ͷ˵ȴû˿Ȼ¶һ˿ֻš
󷨣½˵ֱһһߣƾ󷨵ǿԽɱԼǿĵˡ
Ĺӣһ֮ƾԼµĴնɱ˱Լ߳ܶǿߣº䶯½
ͬǹƽģȻƾ󷨿ԻɱǿߣҲע߲ߵʵ۷塣
νר󷨵Щ˺ľһҲֻѧƤëҴ½ϵߣֱϡٵ
˵һ֮УֻһߣÿһߣǸ£Ķ
ȺȥסûҵķԸǧҪ֣ǿʲôܵʲô𣿡
ס
Ķʮ˰ڣɫЩֻŵĻش𵽣˵ı֣ϹҲû˿İ취Ͼ󷨵ֱ̫ˡ
׼һϹٵĳǸȥһգ۵ʱ䣬Ϲʧ˵֮С
ȵ˿Ϲ𳹵ʧ֮󣬾ųɫЩõҪշҲ֮УǺ˺ԼΪʲôҪ汳
ųϣעС
ʱ򣬾ųߵһӺȻ˵¶ɫųȴһģһ


356 Ԥ֪
ֹųϵǱһͨȻ˶ŵĳϣеĵλȴԶ
ԾϹĴҲ˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôϹԼﲻô鷳ˡ
ͨϣѵҲΪĶԣ
ǰӵĻͨ̾ϢһҲ޳ôϾ֮ĵλʵ̫ˡ
ųϣЩһֻ۱һֻ۾ˣô˵Ϲ϶һǿߣҲӦףνԶַǿߣǿ߾Ͳ¶ʮλûϹϵ壬¡
˼֪ΪʲôǸоûô򵥣ͨҲӦףǧҶһЩﶼһ˿Ԥ֪󷨣˵ҵ֮ء
ʲôųϣ˵Ŀģ
ͨһΪǰԴΪﵽ֮󣬱һֺصͨǾǶԴԼԼߵˣһ˿Ԥ֪
³֪⣬Ǳ֪Ͼ̫ͨ棬˵ˣҲδػš
ΪĳϣһΪﵽ֮ǿȴˣΪͨʮǰѾʶӵͨ
ǰӾȻ˵⴦ȾԼ֮أͨƺҪˣԼ꣬ΪǴﵽ˶֮
֮⣬ͨԿ϶Լܹ֮ͻ澳磬ﵽ߾֮
ֻҪΪܹﵽ֮ôԼӳһԳΪڵĸ߼ϣĶ
һζڣҪͻ֮ﵽʾֱ̫ˣʱִԶַ֮ʥ֮ĵ顣
ĶˣֻҪõʥ֮ģҪ˵ССʾ磬Ǿǿʥ֮Ҫʮ֮ڴﵽҲǲܡ
˵Żɳǿ߽Զַ飬ͨȲվҪ룬ҲԸȴû뵽һ
ĵ˵ͷųҲһأ˵տʼһûиоϾɱȥŨңڸղţǹϢȷȷʵʵҵϹϿҲزˡ
ųϵĻͨѾľˣų˵һʶҪЩ棬Ҳֻôһ
ղȴоһ취ԾҶˡ
˵ʲô취ҶԥĴӦ
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泤ϵ̬Ķʮ˸û⣬Ȼʮ֮УҲڣ˺ܴĲࡣ
û뵽ǣոջ̸ϣΪʲôͻȻ֮ǳ֣һһɱ֡
һᣬʮİڷǰŵϵʬ壬ųݺݵ̾ϢһΪԼҲֻǡ
ǺͨȴˣΪԼҪ˵ʮҲԥķ
λǺֶΣ֪ҵĴڣǲ򵥡
ʱռȻһ漴ҶӰǰǰĺ꣬ǾųϻǺͨ϶¶һ˿ȡ
Ϊǰʵ̫ˣЩţҲ⣬ܹסǿߵ󷨣ٷ֮ǰ¡
¾ŷ壬֪ǡ
һľųϣȻղžŷѸԼҪסİ취ͨЩܲˡ
ô˵һ棬Ѿվ½۷壬ȴҪһδɵЩ߳ܡ
Ǿŷȴߵӣеֻһ˿أܹ´˵ȴ󣬾ΪôҲ㹻˸е¡
Ҷ죬Ƴǳ˲˵ڵȷЩԹȴΪ£ǼȻ˽ôҲ


357 ɻ
ǰĻͨɫʱ䣬ղЩɣܹסǿߵ󷨣ôһ¡
˵ߵľŷҲһľأͨѾ֪ޱȵ󷨣¡
뵽ͨǿסеķŭ뾪ȣǰĺ걧˱ȭ˵뱦֮жԹǶȴûУȻ󷨲ΪҲٴţһ
˵֮󣬺ͨߵľųʹһɫеޱߵǣųƺûпһ㣬ûһ¡
һ̣ͨȥܱ˵ܹһ뿪ôԼĻͻһЩϾĹͷ
ǺͨûǰԸ뿪ƾʵôȥ󷨣ϾϹס
ƺѾµҲɱ㣿
⣬ŷû˿漴ԼӵԤ֪飬һһʮ˵˳ҶеȵǣǰӾȻظҲޡ
ԭʮǰŷΪѾﵽ۷֮Ҳһصصɢޣκ֮ĶԹ
һΣһطȻһʱϵ֪ΪʲôҪõǼ֪ĳ֮⣬һӡ
˴սҹӣʱеޱ𺳵ǣӵݾȻ֮һ
һѾȫΪѴﵽ֮Ҫǿһǿߣ˵ͳֽնɱ
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û⡣
Ļŷû˿ĳɣȻѾõɻķȴûеõɻİ취
˵ȻܹԼڵɻβе˷ܣܹһǿߣԶҪһɵĶࡣ
ȻȰ˽ȻͿʼѰҽɻҩġ
ŷκ˵ĻᣬҶӰʱʧԭأѾʧ꣬ŷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ģʲô󷨣ôʱˣȻҲڡ
һոȥĺͨȻеֻһ˿ŭȻһǿ棬󷨣Ҳֻܸеһ˿
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ǲô˵ͨˣܹĴҪɱǲܣһ̣ͨҲЩˡ
ϾΪܹﵽ֮Ǹ޾Ŭ֮µõģ˭ҲϣԼ䣬ֲ׷¡
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ĸֻƮռ䣬䣬ոջֹĿռ䣬Ȼڹǣĺڵڿռڡ
Щڵ㣬ǺڵɢıϢ̲ͨסɱ¾֮ģܣôɱ¾֮ġ
ڵõɱ¾֮ĵʱҶҲеһ˿˼飬Ϊɱ¾֮ƺרΪ裬󣬰Ҷ뷨ܹóɹԻɱ棬Ҫɱʣǲܵ顣
Ҷ֮ǰ뷨Ҫסôǧ꣬ɱ¾֮Ϊۣһ˼ھɱǿߣҲȫû˿⡣
һޱȵĽռ䣬ǲܺͨôУʼԽԽĺڵ㳯ӿȥ


358 
Ҷ죬㲻úҳȥҶš

ɣҶ죬ģɱӣһʹ졣
ǰϵһУΪﵽ֮ľŷ壬һҲ̲סɫ䣬ʵͨҪǿࡣ
Ȼ˵ΪѾﵽ˶֮սһôʣܵһǲҪǵġ
ԼʵҪǿֵļһڲ֪źεĥȻ˷ƵģҲһ̣ŷԼղŵľжôȷ
ǲǸоܾȣҪ˵㣬ΪѣҾȻҲ֪ӵ˵δܣȻһ涼׻ɱƾ󷨣֮¿޵С
˵ǶܣҶµ󷨣޷סһʣ棬ȴû뵽Ҷ֮󣬼ֱ
ĵ˵ͷŷݺݵһԼĿˮ˵үֶεȷƽʱͨҶײû뵽ȻŪ
ˣҲһ£Ҷ˵뱦֮ŶԹֻ֪֮䵽ʲôԹ

¶ܵĻŷеһ˿ɻȻҲǱĳϣҲֲκµĳϣ֪Ҷ֮ʲôԹ
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ŵĵλһҿȷ˭ﱦôԲݡ
ߵҲ֪ܶʱеһ˿ΣҲʹҶ죬ǲôʣҶʼղϸ
ʵҶ֮Բϸ뱦֮ĶԹʵԼΪ뵽ʱů˹
ʱ˵ɫ䣬Ϊϳһ̵ľֻͨ𽥵⣬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ͨ˲Ϊһͷӡ
ȻûнЩ޾ĺڵźͨĹͷӣһʱ䣬ͷҲݺݵɵ
ҸոտʲôȻ֮ûӹֱ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪û뵽СӾȻһֱ֣̫ˡ
ӵĻŷʱеһⶼʲô˰һɱʬ壬궼û£ȴû˿㡣
벻뿴Ҷôɱ人ģ
롣
ܵĻŷԥĻشȻϹƽʱһЩǲô˵Ϲһʵǿߡ
ƽʱҪ˵һ¾ǧٸҪɱϹЩ̫ܣȴһˣһССۣȻԻɱһʣǰš
˵֮Ҳ֪¶ܸЩʲô漴˿ʧԭأһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾһĿռڡ
ȻֵˣϹԸеЩ˼飬ǲô˵һΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ųϣλʲôˣ
ƾʵһ۱㿴վھųߵӣΪֻǸոմﵽ۷֮֮ûдﵽӾϰڡ
ϹλǶܣҶദϣȰ㻹ǹ˳үҪȻʱҶס㡣
ʲôųϣղ˵Ļû˵һ顣
ʵŷĻϹһʵ벻ͨڣƽʱؼĳϣھȻҪţʵ˸еЩ˼顣
˲˵ѾͶүϣҲܹ˳Ȼ󷨾֮ء
˵ʲô󷨾Ȼеүôܣ
ǿߣ
ǵһϹԺ֮е뷨ǶԷܹ´˵󷨣ҲӦһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ʵһ̣˰ڵ˶֪Ѿͻ˶֮ոմﵽ֮۷Ҳʮܹﵽ
ŷ岢û˵ʲôе˼Բǿѹ֮е𺳣Ϲ˵ȻˣӦҼʶһүɡ
ң
ʱǰȻһ꣬ǸոջɱͨҶ죬ߣǿߵĻֻĶӵĿܡ
ڣҪ˵һʣ۷ǿߣҲԼû˿вԼܹնɱ
ʲôˣ㲼µģ
ǰɢϢϹԿ϶Ϊﵽһ֮ȴԲ󷨽ԼסʵЩ˼顣


359 Ա
֮ǰңǿ߳棬ȴұʧ
Ҷһ̾ϢһݺݵĴ̽ϹĻʲôֱǱһ衣
ϹѾǵãԴΪﵽ֮󣬻ûһ˸˶Լ˵ŵҲͿġ
ڣһΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮꣬ƾһ΢ǿ󷨣Ȼֱһ޷顣
Ҷ죬ң첻ɱϷӽԺҲ硣
˵֮ҲʲôӦϹϺȻһǿϢϢֱӻΪӿȥ
Ϲеһ˿ֵǣԼɢǰʱ򣬾Ȼһ㣬ʧӰ١
ŰȻˣϹɫԽӵʵû뵽ԼСǰµ󷨡
ΪԼΪﵽ֮󣬾㲻ܹʶ½ӴԺҲЦ£νԶַܹõһöʥģʮ֮ڴﵽʥ֮ʱ½Ҳһϯ֮ء
û뵽ǣֻǽԶַ£Լʮһ޽񣬵һۼֻ˵еʱԼѾ¶Ľշ
ǽԺŷ֣ʵжôǿҪԼƽˣ˵Ѿ䡣
ǲ֪ΪʲôԼ˵ĽֻգۼʵѾָϹûмսȥ˼æȥ
ʱϹѾԽڱصãԲŻѡ⴦ȣ׼ȴû뵽컯Ūˡ
ϹϣνʶʱΪܣȻһǿߣҪ뿪󷨣ֱǳ룬ֻͶүϲߡ
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ϹĻ˶΢΢ɫΪﵽ֮ڱģʥĲͬʥ֮ʥĻ
֮Ҳ䣬Ҫģǵһɵһ̽޻ᡣ
Ϊﵽ֮󣬱ӵһͨԱһһԱģôʣ۷ǿ߶п䡣
ڵϹȴһʵǿߣѡԱģô۷ǿ߶ٷ֮Ҳᱻɱ
ˣʵϲȺܿԵġ
ɫصˣϹʱЦЦ֮г˻߰ǿеİ
һԲĺ꣬΢΢һ̾Ϊ֪һԱģҶҲֵܵס
Ƕͬñһ뿪Լϵ˵ʲôҲԸ⣬ǽѵѡ
Ҳû뵽ǰλǿӲԱģʵǸеֲ
ϹϣȰ㻹˼УĿޣҲϣһΪУǺβ̸̸㿴Σ
̸裬Ķŷ壬ҪһʱʴȣҲֽ־棬Ϲųȥؽնɱ׷ĺǡ
ϹĻŷɫʱһ䣬ΪķչԼһҪסϹѾܡ
⣬Ϲ뿪˴һպô³ֻһ⵽ݵ׷ɱһ뵽йľ¡
ѾûֿˣԱģԱһûмҼʶһҪл㣬Ȼˣڿʼɡ
ʱһ٩Ȼ˻Ϲһ𺳣ҲǸеһ˿˼顣
ǶܻǾŷ壬ߵǲǷˣȻޱȣһʵԱģǶϷһã˶Ҫ
ȴû˵Ϊ֪ԼߵԲһçײˣҲӵ˵ʵ
ãããϷ˽˰꣬ûм˿ˣʶԱģҽԸϣ㵽ʱҪڡ
˵֮󣬾ǰϹü֮Ȼһǰδеֵһ̣ƺֹͣת


360 ͬھ
ɿֲǾŷ廹Ƕܣ˵϶¶һ˿֣ΨҶһĮĿԱĵǿߡ
үϿֹԱģǶҪ
һ̣ŷ循ֵĺΪԼѡ񳼷꣬Լͻһ٣ȴķ֣ԭһȴǽӡ
ÿһϣԼ뿪õ磬ͬҲһΪﵽ֮ǿߣһͨ
ŷģԼڰ֮ͻƵʾ磬ʱ㱦ҲԴԼһƺҪڽܹġ
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Ҷû˵ûпߵľŷһۣȻŷĵȷȷһǿǿߣҶȴһͨ˶硣
ӵԤ֪δΣӵб޷ʵôͬһֻ͹Լ
Ҷ첻ںЩǲվһߵĶܲںͿŷ岻˳ۣǽͷݵñ˿
ܵĻɫͲ̫õľŷ壬ʱɫ¶һ˿ŭô˵һǿߣԷʲô۷壿ƨǡ
Ǹʲôѡ񳼷үֲ㣬һССҲǰ£ѵûн̹𣿡
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˵ˣ
ŷո˵꣬ҶȻתͷĿǰӣϵɱӿΪﵽ֮ľŷ壬Ҳʱɱ𺳡
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Ȼ֪ԱĿԷͬھܹԱĵǿȴ֮٣Ͼξһַ
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꣬꣬û뵽Ϸﵽ֮ΪӴ˿ݺ£û뵽һս˸ԱģҲҲ
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ȴǵŷһܵһѾעĽ㲻ϹԱɣҶҲֽɱ
ҶѾѶܵԼѣһ֪ĵѣһԼѵˣ˳ԼҲע˽
ŷһΪﵽĳǿߣŷӵԤ֪δͬıˣҲǾŷһԤʧܡ
ϹԱģֲ˽ʧŽֱʹʧ֡
Ҷ컹ǶܣͬҲܵһ˿ˣһѾ˵һԱǶôµһ顣
Ȼڲϵҡţֱһ̣ȻЩµ˵ʵԱֱ̫ˣ˵Ѿ䣬һ˿궼¡
ĵ˵ͷҶҲǿһȫʶƾ󷨣Ҫ˵ɱϹ˵ԼҲҪ
ǸܵһԱĿֲҶ֮ϵǿһ˿ļɵɱ¾֮ģѱ٣ܱǣֻ΢ơ


361 ݲ
ΪʲôûоȾŷ壿
Ȼܹµ֣ȴ޷ߵȻΪԼԸʧȥһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
˼кȻ治½ǿߣҲվ˴½۷塣
Ҿŷӵжʵ֮⣬һͨԤ֪δֱܼԿ϶Ҷ콫ŷߣôļʾͻ١
ôӵԤ֪δͨΣ˵˭ҵѣôҲݣԾŷעҪ
Ȼı飬һůʱУһ仰û˵һѾڶ
ǰЦЦҶû϶˵ʲôʧȥһȻϧѱȴһֵá
ظȫ䣬ɱ¾֮ĵȷǿޱȣǾȥշ񣬹
ЦҶܱľ֮ϣ˿֮ϲĴʱɫ̲ס΢΢ɫ
֮ϵĽǧɣͨڽɫ˶ֻ۾ȼյСɽʱпܱһ㡣
ŴӽɢǿϢһ̣Ҷһμʶһֻʮһ޵ʵ
ոĺͨȣһϣ¾ͨҲвһֻ
Ҷ죬аս𣿡
ž֮ϵǧɴ񣬶ֱڻЩֹ̫ۣȻͨʾ磬֮Ĳȴױȡ
ڸոպͨԱĵͬʱҲܵ˲Ȼûб壬ǶڵѾο
İɣʱƴһηɣҲһҪշֻ޻ʡ
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޷շҶѾٴٻ޻ʵ׼ʱʵôǿҲ޻ʶԿ
ƺ˵ʲôջû˵Ͼʶ˸ոһĻߵʲôڴ
룬ҲȻˣô˵Ҷ춼ǵųʥ֮µһˣսʵתҪôһж˵ͨˡ
࣬Ǽ˽ҿõһöʥ֮ġ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬾֮ϵĽȻ˵ֲϢȣҪػڵ˵ѱϢŪĴݲ
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Ķž֮ϵĽҶϺȻ¶һ˿Ц˵ܹʥ֮ģҲ֪ɵӸǽˮˣӵʥ֮ģڵͻʥ֮˰ɡ
࣬ΰİ˹ǰȻˣҪҵ޾ŭ𡣡
䣬һɿֲϢֱѹˣҶʧԭأʹýӷŭޱȡ
ˣҪɱǡ
˵֮ǧɵĽȻȣһգ۵ʱ䣬ʧ֮Уƺûнһ˿
ֻдﵽʮſԻγˣԾܽѾﵽʮһ磬Ҳһ޶Ĺ򣬲Ҫ˵һʮһޣ޷ı䡣
֮󣬲֪ʲôԭ򣬽Ȼǧֱӱ˼ʮ׵ϵϢôֲ
࣬ɸҳ뱾һս
ɵ࣬ñץ㣬ǰʬβɡ
ģ࣬˿ԴӦ㣬һöʥģöʥ֮⣬͸һΣ
ˣӺ㡣
޴ĳݺݵڵĿռ䣬ǲܽߣҶʼûгڣɱ¾֮ĳ䵱ۣʵǿҲ뿪
ƵľҪ˽ǧĽˣҪļƣҲᱻƭԶַӡ˼ǧꡣ
Զַÿһǧ꿪һΣÿһǧ궼ͼ뿪ԶַÿһζɹģҲʧȥġ


362 ҹ
һԶַ뵽һ취ǾǻɱһԼʵͬ࣬ȻΪԼĿܡ
µ׷飬ҪЩʵ̫֮ͣûдﵽҪΪ̫ߣͲܺġ
µĲ׷飬ǰòҵʵѡýû뵽ǣǸǿϾȻһƷ
Ʒǿܹ˺Ƕ޻ǿҲͬЧڲ֮£ȻˣҪǵԶַ֮ҵһñҩģ˵ڵ䡣
Խ׷˺ͨҹץסôߣӶԼ뿪Զַһȴһƻˣβеŭ
Ҷ죬ٲȥֻ¾Ҫˡ
֮ڵһʯϣվһһ꣬ҶܣԴӽ˾һֱۿš
˾ȻΪһֻ̣֪˼ǧļһʲô飬»ᱻһغ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ҶҲ겻ѣȻԼҲǿģǲô˵Ƕһֻʵʮһ޻ʡ
һ̣ԼȻƾסһֻʮһ޻ʣһؼһ޶Ľ
ҶֻԼĵֻ޻һ޶Ϊǻﻹ𽣬Ҳͬؼһ޶Ĵڡ
ʵҶ֪Ƕܵöɱ¾֮ģԼҪ˵ס񣬿ͨ޷ס
Ȼס˽񣬵ȴܹ䳹նɱȵĥϵʱշ
ʵôýģҪȻҲû˵˭ܹշֻµʱ򡭡
һǰĻ棬̾Ϣһ޵ĽǴﵽ֮Ľ񣬸ԼĽ
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼ѾԲǾߵ꣬ҪΪҪװ˷Լľ
ҶҲ֪ܵĻǺ⣬ȴû˿⶯ΪһΣֻ޽ڱС
ʱţתۼҹѹҹ֮УڵĽ񣬴ӸտʼޱǷϡ
Ȼ֮еĻߣһʵǿޱȣô޷뿪󷨡
ýеֵǣ󷨳ܹס⣬ռڻһһȫС㡣
ʵ֣ЩСڵʵܹﵽ֮е֮СڵɵŶӣǾҪӿˡ
ΪѾﵽ۷ĺͨҲǱƵСڵɣ֮û¡
Ҷ첻ɱڵ˵ѳʧؼ䣬Щȴǲ֪
ŭҹҹҹһ̣ŭˣˣҲˡ
ڽǸסԼˣֻ뿪ĵطȼǧ꣬Ҳǿ
ҽ޻ݺɱ¾ռ伸ǧ꣬ͳɱ¾ռ佫֮һĵطȴû뵽컢ƽȮۣԣӦǵƽȮۡ
ݺݵ̾Ϣһһ̣Լʮ飬ҪԼ̰ģҲ䵽ĵز
һԼ˫ᣬȻЩҹϹĺڵûʲôӰ죬òϣԼиһӣôЩʵôСڵ㣬һ㣬һ᳹
ɶ࣬ˣɡ
ŭٴһѾǰıˣѾңҪСƺϵĸñҲԤʾţֻǧޱȸ߰޻ʣһĵԼ߹ͷ­
ˣҹһ׼ҹ֮ٳû뵽ô͵ֵסˣʧ֮
䣬ԶպȻˣҶܣĽб
ô˵һֻʵʮһ޻ʣˣһ۷壬һֻۣȻܹסһֻ޻ʣһ޻䣬ǰ붼ġ
ɵ࣬б£ͺͱʹʹĵߴһˣ㴦ãˣңΣ
Ҷ첢û˵ֻĵĿǰֻ޻ʡ


363 շ޻
ǰ֮еı֮ɫԭĽ񣬺Ȼ˷ܼһ㣬ǰ˺ģ࣬ʲô񣿡
ĵû뵽޻ʣȻôҪʵڶı㡣
˵֮Ҷ컹̾ϢһһλȸԼĶӸеʧһ̣Żеı顣
ߵĺ꣬Ŭǿ֮еЦ⣬Ҳ̫ܳˣҶֱǰѽ񵱳Լһ㿴
ģɵ࣬סˣͰʬˣֵ㡭
ȵȣʲôǿԺú̸̸
ûеȽѻ˵꣬ҶܶѾʧԭأ漴һӷŭĺ쳹ռ䡣
Ҷ죬ҿǲʱ򣬲Ҫʱ򳹵ŭļһ޻Աʱɽѡ
ҡҡͷҶһĮĿǰĻ棬˵ᣬҸұ֤֮һշ
ҶĻЩȣȴû˵ʲôе㵣ģϾ޻ʵԱҪʵԱӾ
һΪﵽʮһ޻ʾ֮󣬾ͿԱ߲ͬǣһ㲻ѡּ˵ķʽ֪·ߵ£ͬᡣ
תۼҹյĿռڣ㱻ĥ裬ҹ֮У˿и
ΪֻҪκиļôЩԶСڵ㣬ͻӿҹϵĹʹֻ޻Ѿľ
ٴλӶһԼ˫ᣬԭ˫ۣѾİ޹⣬ƺѾоԼҪһ㡣
࣬ҷˣˣҸʲôУֻҪҴųȥ
ʲôУ
ʱҶȻڿռ֮ڣһΣȴûг֣նܵ˵ǻ޹
ʲôУֻҪܹ뿪ط
˵һ䣬޻ʵʵҲʵڿסˣҹ˵Ϳֱˡ
ңҲԴ뿪Զַһͻ֮
ԭҪշңƾʲôͻ֮
ı֤ݺݵıһ£Ϊ޲Ҫ˵ͻ֮ͻƵʥ֮ޱȵѡ
Щһ޶ޣҪͻƾ͸ͻƣֻҪͻƣôͬȼ֮£Ǿͻ῰޵дڡ
ЦʲôҶֱһ˵֪ңаٷ֮ʮĻͻƣԶַôžٹһǧ꣬ͬ޻֮
˵ֻ˶۾תţΪǰ˵ûȻɱ¾ռڵɱаȴ޷ʵ
ΪƭԶַǿߣ֪ʲô취Ȼסһ˿ܹ꣬뿪Զַɱ¾ռڣһһͻơ
ãҴӦ㡣
ĻҶʱһϲȻƾǿסֻʮһ޻ʣܲܽշʵҲûס
ģֻҪ㳼Ұ֮꣬ұ㻹ɡ
˵Ŀģ
ĻԭĽ񣬺Ȼ侫һһ޻˵ʲôֻһգ۵ʱ䡣
ûҪƭ㣬֮ɣǩԼ
ı֤ҲٳɣϾ԰ʱ仹뿪ԶַʵҲһ֮뿪壬Ʈǰꡣ
֮ӡԼļ䣬ҶֻоԼԺ֮жһЩҶԿ϶ԼҪɱ񣬼ֱһ׾ٵ顣
ˡ
ĺһ䣬㳹׵ʧ֮ڣɱ¾֮ٴλصҶУеöɱ¾֮ģҶţԼΪܹﵽ֮ƾɱ¾֮ģʱʥǿҲضҪԿ
ʵҶһź飬ǾǶںͨԱǺͨԱģֻҪʱ˺ͨģôԼΪٴͻơ
֪ʥ֮Ĺʲôط
Ҷ֪ΪǰĽ֪ʥ֮Ĺʲôطô˵Զַڻ˼ǧ꣬ԶַڵʵӦ֪ꡣ
Ȼһ˿־˵ˣҵȷ֪ʥ֮ĹʲôطȰһ䣬ǾҪȥʥ֮Ĺ
Ϊʲô
дɻҶܹӽ֮һ˿־壬ܹһֻʮһ޻ʸе־壬ʥ֮Ĺֵһȥ


364 аħ
ˣұһǿƭɱ¾ռ䣬һǧͼʥ֮ĹϢֱֲ̫ˣϢܽҳĨɱ
ʲôƾϢͿԽɱ
ĻҶʱһô˵һֻΪﵽʮһ۷޻ʣʥҪսʤЩѡ
ǽʥ֮ĹϢܽһֻ޻ʳ׻ɱҲ̫˰ɣҶȴû˿Ļɣȷе뷨
ǾԶַĵڶʥ֮Ļһʥл꣬һܶ࣬ҪȻܵƾϢܻɱһֻ޻ʡ
㲻õģʱʥ֮Ĺõʥ֮ģٲһö
Ļû֮еļϾԽʥ֮Ĺõʲôʥ֮ġ
ˣҪʥ֮ĹҪǸһ򡭡
ʲô
һһֻΪʮһ޻֮ޣаħ黢
ʮһ޻ʣаħ黢
ĻҶıݺݵĳ鶯һ£ʮһ۷ʲôһʥ֮Ĺڡ
ˣɱ¾ռһΪ̣֮⣬ʣµ̷ֱаħ黢׶ޣаħ黢ػʥ֮Ĺڣ׶ȴػһ
֪һʲô𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ˵Ǹ˽ƭԶַսҹʹһ壬ƺ壬ޱȣҲ޷սʤôȥˣǸ˲֪ȥʲôطҪǸһҲеʵͽˡ
壬Ǹ׶ʲôطȥ
ĸ֣ҶĶˣڸҶҴ֮ǻ壬ĵĻ޻ա
ֳһ壬Ԥʾʲô
һ󵨵ĲҶ֮У꽫ƭԶַǿߣ᲻ǰ־ò̫ܡ
ϾԶַѾмǧˣת֮սʣҲǳһǧ֮ǰ̫֮
ˣɱ¾ռһǧڣ׶޴أȴûһܹսʤΪǸһԹͨ׵֮ʵЩֲ
һǧꣿȵȣᣬոջ˵Լ˼ǧ꣬Ϊʲô˵һǧꣿ
¶һ˿˼ı飬˵ûôʱ䣬ҸոֻŻˣֻһǧ꣬൱ʮҡ
ĻҶٴκݺݵıһǰֻ޻ʣǧôˣǱշˡ
Ҷڸû˼ЩΪս˵ôƭԶַһǧ֮ǰһԶַʱ
ǴԶַսҲͬУȻ֪սõûʥ֮ģһҶԿ϶Ǿս찲ȫ뿪ʥ֮Ĺ
ȥ׶ޡ
˵֮󣬶ܳһһǰû˵ͬʱ˽ϣ˫һչʱ߷ɾ졣
ֻмĽҶֱˣαļһ˵Լ˼ǧ꣬Լ嶼Ŵ˺ü
һ·ϣҶҲԼеĲȫߵӣΪҶ棬Ѿѡ
Ҷ죬ܹȷǸǵսʵģҰ˼꽫ƭԶַˣսʣ
Ҷ˵֮󣬶ҲʵȵһҲ̫˰ɣôսѾ׼ת֮ٴνԶַ
һ뵽ܶڵǸһɱ˴ʵľǿߣӵĳڴҶսתʱֻҪѣôҲ˵ս
һȷҿԿ϶׶е壬սںϣôٴٻս񽣣Ҳڵķˡ
ôǸ׶޶һֻʵʮһ۷ޣƾ²֣ٴβ󡣡
˵϶Ҳ̫Сΰİ˹ˣȻ׶Ѿﵽʮһ۷壬Źͨؼ׵ֻ֮Ҫΰİ˹֣ҪסǸһֱ׾ٵ顣
֪˵ĺʱҲϿ˶ܣǶ񣬽ֱޱȣȴҲ޿κΡ


365 Ǳ
ֹĻ֮¶һ˿˿ıģȻʵǿɱ¾ռ޻֮Уȴʵ͵һ
׶޻аħ黢޻ʶѾﵽʮһ۷״ֻ̬һͻƿﵽʮʥ֮
ȴֻǸոմﵽʮһм׶Σʮһ۷徳绹ô޻ÿһαԣܻһ
ɿ޳ܣǲܲҪ޻أǱӡ
㾹ΰİ˹ˣõӦġ
ŭǲôʼնû֣ܳڵɲǰǸһ޻ˣֻҪҶԸ⣬ʱҪ
մ˼ǽԶַߣҪڶʥ֮Ĺֱǲܣܹﵽ֮
ٴν񣬽ֱҶʮ˴ʺһ飬ǲôκε顣
ҿδأһ˷ɢ޻ʵעôȫԳ˻ʥ֮ĹҪȻҲô߽ˡ
϶˵ĺܶԣ˰ƭԶַѴڣҪΰİ˹ӵ翹־˵Ѿȥ
Ļ˶ѡӣҶ˵ôڱصã׶ޡ
ҶĻȻû˵꣬Ƕܻǽ񣬶ܹ֮һ˿ıѵСҪշ׶ޣ
һһһ޵ʱһһ޺ݺݵһԼĿˮ¶ΪԼһܿ񣬵ǰĺȽֱС׼ףֵһᡣ
ʱ򣬽Щȵ˵ˣҸо·ĵǿϢһҶеЩֻš
ʲô
Ҷ죬˽ĻҲһ𺳣ʲôΪǿʮһ޻ʡ
ȴ񶼸еֻŵϢ⣬ĵϢ֮Уһ˵ΪѾﵽ˰ʥ֮
Ҷ֪ԶַİʥǿߣԵ֮Ľ֮⣬ʣµıǽɽİʥס
νԶַʮ֮лûаʥǿߣͲҶ֪ģҶţµλʥǿߣǽɽλ
ΪνԶַɽһɳǿߣиŰʥǿߣոսҲֵӵĵǿϢ뽣ɽλǺϡ
һʥǿߣмְջʤ
ˣǰʥǿߣû˿ʤĿܣҪɱңҲǲܵ顣
ĻشûҶеκεľȣϾΪﵽʥ֮ڵѾתΪʵʥ֮ġ
ȻȷŹǣȵõ֮󣬲ǽɽǵ֮磬ǾŴţҶһһݷǡ
˵֮һ޿ٵʧԶľͷһƬ֮УɫЩصĿž֮ϣ˵ǿϢһֻʮһ޻ʡ
ĵ˵ͷһ̵ĽЩǷϣѾɱ¾ռˣȻûҵʥ֮ĹڣòѪҺȥɽֵɽ֮λ
ƺѿǰ룬Щε˵ΪʦȻǽɽĳϣÿһɽɽ֮ѡЩĳлȨû˿ᣬΪʦҪǣҪɽ֮λҪԼǿǿʵǰһжõġ
׵Ļ֮кȻһƺͨʲô¶һţǰһ˵лʦéٿ
ĵ˵ͷ׵̲֮סһ˿ͣÿһɽɽһǾž֮ϵʵκ˿׷ġ
ÿ֣ﶼУҲ֪Ϊɽĳ֪ܲһɽɽΪѾͻʥ֮ﵽϵĽ񾳽硣
ܹ֮ﵽ֮мˣɽ֮½ǧ겻Щž֮
Ȼ½֮ϳħ֮⣬ʵе֮磬صĻԿ϶ɽҪ¹½ȶǬҲһս֮
ԼĵӣɽɽĶӣʮѾﵽһ֮ٶȣ˵֮޷ﵽʥ֮Լţ⣬Ҫڴﵽ֮ǲܵ顣


366 Һ
һ֮һ޳һĺ֮⣬ǰɾĴڣҶֱԿ϶ɱ¾ռΨһɱӰĵط
̫λˣţɱĿռڣȻôһ˼ɾԺܹӡ
ȷ󣬿λ׶һܰɾ޻ʡ
ҶĻ˶Դ£Щε˵ҵˣÿһκҪСҪ˭ŪĵطǺƴС
ףƺܺ׶ް
϶Ȼΰİ˹ˣǲ߻ȥˣҪŮˣôÿһζ
ĻǶһĲ죬ҶҲȤĿǰޣԭ׶޻һֻĸ޻ʡ
˴ӽ֮Уֻܹܵĸ޻һ˿һĸоֻϲ˼ҡ
һ뵽̲סЦҶҲǿеЦ⣬תͷȥѾֱµĴ
ˣΰİ˹Ȼᱻ޳ܵ˳ЦܣҪ
ոջڿЦѵĶܣֹ֮ͣЦȻڲͣĲš
̣̣裬Ҫ㣬Ѿˣݺһȴôһޣʧܡ
Ҷ˵ЩʱԴҡҡ̾Ϣһƺڽ񱶸ͬһ㣬˵֮һת뿪ˣֱ֮ͣ
һŵĿվڰ֮ĺ꣬ʵ벻ͨΪʲôö˶˵ҶҪ䣬ѵԼ᣿
ǲ룬ѾΪ״СĽѾ޴ĳ򣬺ݺݵĳĴ
ֽһĸӭսȻҶþ֮ʱķ֮ڷʣµ֮ڣҲԳ֡
ô˵һֻʵʮһ޻ʣֻǸոմﵽ۷֮ʮ棬˵һվʮһ޻ʣֻһ
ȻܲսǺòлֵĽôܷŹôûأƽʱ˲ҲֻǷɧҳ֡
Զ޻ʣֱǱŰڽֺзִ磬ֻǰѶֻܴèۣϻ˼Ŵഺ
Ҷ죬ݡ
˵´磬ôܹңۣҺ£
˿޳ܣ޳ֵܵزˣǸ쵰ݺһ١
ĳ˵Ĳ񻰱ֹˣϧϧ
Ͷ϶ʵ˵Լ޵У񻰣Цΰİ˹˾ܴͷʹޡ
һЦĿǰԼ˲˹ӣŭԹڽȫйûһ죬еĵġ
쵰ȻﲻͷĲݡ
ʱκһܺķŭֻκһӰһգ۵ʱѾ䵽˶һǰ
ڶһǰһƥİƣͷǸǣɫ˸˿˿׵֮
СϣϻزͲСĳһʥ𣬲ôǳɡ
ʥ
Ƕһ˷ܣҶҲǴһΪֻеõʥܵķܹ֮κá
öʵû뵽ǣʥκ֮УǣĽȻһ꣬ѹǰ׶޻ߡ
ˣҲ֪ʥ
ĻҶֱҪˣȻ˵ͷ˵´ķ֮Ҫʥܾκã񣬾Ȼ͵һꡣ
ʲôˣѵ㲻֪κĹ𣿡
գֻƯĴ۾׶޺ݺݵĶǰһޣͷϵ׶Ǳǿ׵֮һԲϱҪֵĿܡ
СţλҵҶ죬˵һ壬Թ㿴
ûеȽѻ˵꣬׶ŭһͷϵ׶Ǽһ׵磬˲û뵽֮ڡ
תʱ䣬ۣγһƬɫƣһ׵֮µ׶ޣ˲佫û
˿ߣڹͨ׵֮ǧ궼δùˣû뵽Ϊʲôλô
׶һУд󾪣׶Ȼǧֻ꣬޻ʶʹԵıУȴû뵽ζԷԼˣȻһʹϾС



ʮ һ


367 ˫ʺһ
ýѣ˵ѲأϾ׵֮Ҳǿ֮һ
ݺݵĿһǰ׶ޣʵڲףΪʲô׶޻˼ǲôöԷԼˡ
ҪֵʱҶɱ˵
Ҷ׶֮һ˿࣬ڶԷʹ˱У㵽ʱܹôҲضˡ
ǰҶ쵱Ȼվһ߿ϷȴһˣѾΪԼޣôء
û˿ĳɣ˫ֺʮڵԪ֮תԴΪﵽ֮ҶѾɹ顣
۾磬һ飬飬ۻںϣԪ顣
𽣬
䣬ֻҶ˫֮кȻǿϢ֮ϳֻǧɵĴǻ𽣬ֻͬΪﵽʮһ޻ʡ
ﻹǽ񣬶һ޶Ĵڣ׶ȴһɽ֮Уͻһֻ
һ񻹲Ը⣬֮еİİϢֱǰ׶ޣҲͣ
׶ޣ˾һѵ𱨣
ʱ򣬾֮ϵĻȻ˫ŭɣκ˰µ׶ޣϰԵϢκ˻ɽһĴڡ
ˣˣǣǲΣ
Ȼھ֮ϵ޻ʣ߰׶޾Ȼֻǰȥ϶ʱˮǲͣĲš
εĿһ׶ޣ֮ϵ޻ʻҶ죬޻ͬʱ˵ݼˡ
ݼˡ
ȻһУվڵµĶһ޸еޱ𾪣ǽʵڲ󶥼޻ʾȻҲԼһƺԼΪˡ
̫ˣ漴ƺ뵽ʲôԼˣЩ˵ǵƭԶַǿߣ
񣬵Ҫ˿ΪԼԽԶַҪĸĸʱధҲĽ
֮ϻĻ类һ㣬Ȼƺ벻һ㡣
һ޶Ĵڣһֻ֮󣬲Ż³һֻʱǧ֮ǰؼȻֻһʱ䶯½
Ը׷ɳǿΧ񣬾֮ʣսʣսǵĺӡ
սԶַҲĺӴ˽ս֪ԼҪʥ֮ĹֲܴСһ
֮£Сӡɱ¾ռڣսҲ޻ʵ˵ʱ׶ޡ
֮׶޿ϰս죬ȫΪһǧǰʱԶַǿ߶ǿҵΧսȡ
ｫһи߽ʱ򣬴ûп޹Ȼ棬ǰ깧Ŀͷ
л˵ңΰİ˹ڴ˷ģһһңΥԣ׺䶥
ĵ˵ͷҶȻ֪ԼǵǸųʥ֮µһˣսʵתϾ껹ûоѣڻ˵һж֪
ˣڴ֮ǰǿн˺ϲԲŻ⵽ɣ壬ϾںϣӴ֮˿ֱʹս񽣣Ҳκεķɡ
Ļո˵ֻ꣬ȻЩŵ׶ޣϺȻһɫ壬壬ƫе䵽ҶС
е壬ҶдϲΪ壬Ϳʱʹսʱ䣬Ҫз֮
ˣ㱻˴ʥ͵ϮֻذΪﵽ֮󣬱ȥɽꡣ
˵֮޻˲СΪʧھ֮ϣʱҶеȻ伤ȥ˲û뵽޻ʵ֮ڡ
ʱ򣬾֮ϵ޻ʿٵںţʱ޻ʲų׵ʧھ֮ϣһͨɫ䵽ҶС
Ҳһ̣Ҷеս񽣣һѪĸоոձ֮ҲʧӰ١


368 
ˣԭֻ˰벻Ҫָո֮١
ʱ׶ŵĽŲһǰǰĺ깧һ
Բκˣȴ᲻Ÿոճֵ޻ʣΪǸոճֵ޻ʣǧǰһǿ߾
ĵ˵ͷҶϲûйı飬漴ս񽣻Ϊһ⣬˲Ҷü֮Уϸ۲죬ͻᷢһҶĶͷϣһýɫӰ
Ҫǰ飬һҪѣ׶ޣһ£ϣܹӦ
˵
֪ǰݺ׶޶Ҷ̬ȼֱһٰʮȴת䣬Ľ۷ֱܲԼˡ
Դӵһμ׶ޣѾһǧֻҪʱͲϵκܡ
ܵʲôĴݲУﶼа֣ǧ֮ĹϵȻɣû˿Ľһֱ߰Ľܵˡ
ղ˵κ֮ʥҵλѺҪ챦֪
ȻҪɽȡ
Ҷѻ˵꣬׶ޱѾʧԭأʱʥڶһǰ
ǰʥֱЩЩƽ˵СϣҲ̫ƽ˰ɣֻǳһʥҪҪģ˻ûаѻ˵꣬꣬
ݺݵİһǰĴ׶޸ûǿǰĺ˵ˣǲҪʥ֮Ĺ
ĵ˵ͷҶϵʥãΪʥܵķ֮ȫκã˵Ϊͻ֮
Զ׶޲û˿ˣǶԼڵ޻ȴޱȡ
ˣѾʥ֮ĹһأǴӴȴûٻ֪һܴܲһ룿
׶ʳ⻰˿¶һ˿ڴϾҲѾɱ¾ռˣΪһֱ޷ͻơ
Ͼɱ¾ռǵΪͻƣҪͻƵʮʥ֮ôֻ취һ뿪ɱ¾ռ䣬ߵ硣
ֻ뿪ɱ¾ռ䣬Ĵ½ǲпͻеȼڶ취Ǹǰĺʥ֮Ĺ
Ȳ˵ʥ֮Ĺʥ֮ģ˵ѪҺĶֻҪõѪҺôϣͻ֮
ഫֻҪʥͻƵ֮ôӵͨ쳹ֻܣ֮ӵǿߣҪ˱ᡣ
û⣬ҿԱ֤õʥ֮ģٲһݡ
Ļ׶˫֮ͻȻž⣬ǧʱ⣬ȵˣβеޱ˷ܡ
ллˣһʱκ֮챦ҪȡߣЩɶļһ
׶˵Щֻ֮ۻǺݺݵĵǰĽһۣתκȥ
û뵽ɱ¾ռĵλȻ֮ߣ
׶޸ո뿪ܾѾվڽߣЩ٩˵꣬һֻ׷
û뵽һ䣬ѾĶܣȻͯһ㣬һһ޾ˣƤӡ
ߣΰİ˹˲ƽϣû뵽СϾȻҪһ뿪̫ˣ˵ʲôҲҪ׷֡
˵Щܹӽ֮пһ˿ʱҲ̫ˣ޾Ȼ໹Ҫḻ
Ϊֱӽ꣬ȻϴеĶܴһһһ޲ͣԹҶεҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵ˣʣµһСʱȽ´ڵƳκá
˴һһȫֹͣ˹ôκöڵķ֮ôҲֻĻͷˡ
ȡһʥҶɫЩɵ˵´磬ʥҩЧͣκ״ͽ£ֻҪʱڵķ֮Ӧþͻȫʧ
ȥʥܸмĿһԼСϵܣлĻûж˵ΪлʲôѾܹͬѵ֡
û˿ĳɣֱӷеʥڵϿʼΪǶֻҪʥڵķ֮᳹κãΪҲ


369 
İʱڣƾʥڵķ֮ȫһҩЧһͻƵ֮
Ȼֻһ֮ǶģڵԼʹ¾Žһн£涼һս֮
оô
ܺúǿ֮ͬӦûе֣ʹ£Ҳһս֮
ܵĻ׼Ҷ컹̲סһ֮ͬ޵УҲ׽ܣҲһս֮
սˣҶԼνԶַҲѾ⣬Դӵõ壬޻ʺϲΪٴֱ顣
Ϊﵽܹ֮飬˵Ѿﵽ˶֮ҶҲû뵽ԼԶַµʱ䣬ȻֱӴھﵽ˶۾硣
ٺȻȻ
һЦĿǰĽ񣬶ȡԼĶ½ΪѾﵽ֮Լʵġ
Ȼһֻʮһ޻ʣǶţôõȥңһֻ޻ʵĲѹ£˵ܿͻٴͻơ
ܵĻҶ쵹ûʲôϾ֪ܱһսˣΪˣйһܸġ
ǽȴһܵĻ϶˱֮ɫȻԷΪѾﵽ֮޻֮ĲȴһԽĺ蹵
аȻƤҵҲˣ϶βΰİ˹ͽүү
˵֮󣬽ȶˣ˶ûֳκα׾ӣ쳣Ѹ٣һֻĽݺݵĳǰնȥ
ԼĽ񣬶ܵϳأȻһԸҲԼ֮Ĳࡣ
򡣡
˵ĸ֣ҶоһɶµԼûΪﵽ֮ĶܣѾӵԼ
֮ǿޱȣΪӵԼ򣬶ԼǾһеס
ǶܵĶôǿΪȻֻһ֮ΪѾﵽʮһ޻֮Ľ񣬶ƺֹŲ
һƺߣֻһֻצӺݺݵܣû˿ڶ֮УȻݺݵ˳ȥ
ҿȻǰ࣬ΰİ˹㲻ҪĴһҪɶļһһԶ֪
˵֮󣬽κδĻᣬˤ֮󣬶ܳױˣ֪
ʱ֮󣬵׶޻֮󣬽Ϊİǰʾһ漴ϵٴμأֱĶ趼ʶˡ
ģ񣬸Ͽס֡
һŭĺ漴һͷĶܣǿϵʹݺݵһȻŹԼĽ
Լİǰһţʱŭˣ˵Ҫٴγ֣ȴҶֹˣ±ˣȴСˡ
񣬴ӽ쿪ʼÿҴһʱסһ㣬ֻܷӳ൱һʵҳȥٺ١
ǰһЦ꣬ΪѾﵽʮһĽ񣬶̲סһʲô˼Լɳ
ƺ˵ʲôҶȴκεĻᣬһԵ׶ޣ˵Сϣʰˣ
ĵ˵ͷ׶ҲûȥǱߵĴսֻһڵ㣬ֱ䵽ҶһöϰɫĽָ
ˣǧеĻϣ¡
һǰĶޣҶҲû˵ʲôֱӽϰɫֵָָϣΪҶѾԣлᣬһҪֻ޻ٴΪ
Ҷ죬ǲǰҹֵܸˡ
ܵĻҶʱסˣԺ֮һһǰҹֵܣԼշ˽񣬶һ֪壬Ѿ˷ܵĲˣҹֵȥظһɶ
ڻҶй𣬲ô˵Ѿҹֵ˵ãԼԶţҰظʵҹֵѾ׶༪١
֪ʲôѾôҹֵܶ𣬾ظҪɱˣҲûôװɣΪ֮ƾǸϿȥϣü
ĵ˵ͷ˶ܵĻҶҲûκεĳɣڽȣʱ׶޵ıϾȻðƬϰɫ˫ᣬһ졣


370 ޳
ԭ׶һֻޣӵǿĹͨ׵ܹ֮죬޻֮еʵҲܹŽǰ
֮УԺɫЩŭĿǰˣ˵ȻǸСֵĻڵãȫʧˡ
һЩСͷϸߣӾƨһͮͮģνԶַظǿߡ
ԺƲΪѾﵽ֮ҸظĳϣλߣżҲҪ֡
Ҷһᾪȵķ֣վԺǰˣԼҹֵܣڵҹֵܣѰҶͷʺһ顣
ϣ˵Զ֣ܳһ᲻ᡭ
ߣʮĺң˵һɵ֣ҪһССĺңֱ׾ٵ顣
νԶַظһɳһʣ棬ʵԺƼġ
ϣǸҶ˵ظŲݵĶԹҪ߻Ŷܣѽɱ
ݣҶ죿Ǹĵ۹Ҷҵˣ
ĵ˵ͷҹЩС˵ûҶҵˣΪ˵ţСӾȻҪŲݡ
ĻԺ̲סЦһССҶңҲΪУҪΪ˵õǼ˵ʮǰѾҶҡ
ôұҪڡ
ǿϢиϿ
ʱԺƵɫļλأΪѾоŲϢڿٵĳȼ
ŵµȣҶĽӣʾȥֱ£һգ۵ʱ䣬ޱѾվ֮С
ˣҹֵѾ
һɵȣ̾ϢһôҹֵܿѾ䣬ѲĹϵ
Ҷȴû˵һ仰ɫЩԵĿΧ֪ΪʲôǸо鲢ûеﲻԣ˵
ԭҶֻˣǶǵȵĺÿࡣ
ʱ򣬰֮һʯ󣬻߳ӣҹֵܣҶܣжʱϲޱȡ
Ͼ˲ĻôùĽˣԺƵֶţֱǳ˲¹ͷ
û£ظأ
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˵ȴû˿һϴҹռ˵һǰǳȥѰظˣôңʼûз֣뵽λԼԾȻˡ
ҿ˰ɣȻѾˣβҲҿظʲô
ûпҹֵһۣҶֻǶſһ˵ʱҹֵܵɫ䣬֪ʲô
һӢ꣬;Ѿﵽ˶֮ѹţظݡ
䣬ҹֵܸոճľʯٴλ߳ʮˣǰΪﵽ֮Ժơ
֪ظλ
˵ϷظĳԺƣλͬųϣﲻܴ
ĵ˵ͷҶָվߵҹֵʵʴҲظ˰ɣ
ûܴŵҶ죬ֻҪ㽻Ҷҵ磬Ϸ֤Ӵ֮ظҶҲΪУΣ
ߵĻҶʱЦƺЦһ㣬֮г˱ģ˵ҶΪУǲҶңھȻҺ޳ܵҪҶ֮ѵŶô޳ܵ𣿡
󵨣ʲôȻôԳ˵
һ漴Ժ߳һˣŨüݺݵŭǰ꣬һɰԵ֮˲佫֡
֮
ҶжʱһûȻֵ֮һﲻһΪﵽǿߡ
ССĶҲҰӽ̽ˡ
˵֮һɸӰԵĶ˲ﲻͷųʱ֯һȻܵΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮Ƕ϶ﲻȻ˿·硣
һ죬ƺ΢Ĳһ£㿴˺ܻûʲôԼս൱⣬һߵﲻȴһˡ


371 һ
һ𺳵Ŀǰӣﲻֱţ¶ܾȻܹԼƽ֣ô˵һ档
ﲻظ˰ԺڣһĳԾҹֵѱŵסˣһ֮ǰǰӻֻһ𣬵ȴΪһ档
Ȼֻ֮һеĲֱһһأ벻ͨʲô˿һ֮˿ͻơ
ȻòϣﳤϲĶ֣Ƕ㲻ҪǣԶ棬ʵǿǰȻϡ
Ĺƨ
ʱһֻֿһĵĽֱӳ߶ʮһԺƴ
ȻΪûдﵽʮһ۷壬Ҳ൱֮е֮ռƣԺʹĶ֡
һԵҹֵܺȻоһ䣬תͷתֻҶ֮гɱĿǣŵ˹ֽһ
˵ЦҹֵܵΪѾﵽ˶֮ҶʵôǿϾֻһۡ
֮ĲĿãǳ飬˿ɱ˰ʱﶼ̲ס˸
νԶַظѰźһϵдʩ˼ٰظУȻظΪɣԷһټ
취νһʧҪҶΪ˷ܵԼ˵ҲҪ޷ļı㡣
Сϣʣµȫ㣬һԽ
ĵ˵ͷҶķԸ׶޸κε飬ôõ飬ٵ˶ܡ
ǰҹֵܣҶɫЩĮ˵ֻҪܹҵһУҽͷ뿪
Ҷ죬㲻Ҫ̫һССĶۣȻҲţնɱ㡣
Ļ˶ʱŭô˵Ƕǿߣһ֣һ۵һжӲ£ôҲöԷֱ֣ɱˡ
˵ı飬ҶüĶʱһѽʱСҶУеս񽣣ҶûһƣԼǿ
֮ǰƾΪӵս񽣣Ҫ˵֣һˣû˿İա
ڲͬˣԴΪһٶͻƣڵѾӵ˶ֻ֮ҪǿߣôҶ춼ƾеս񽣽ɱ
ʹǵǿһУΪֻһλᣬҿظĻǿߵжôǿ󡣡
˵֮ҶڵԪ֮תӿеս֮УԽԽԪ֮룬ս񽣺Ȼ侫䡣
ոֻ֮ս񽣣һգ۵ʱ䣬ѾΪа׳ͨɢľ⣬һս˶ͣ
ս񽣣Ȼս񽣣ôܣ˵Ǹˣ˭ܹʹ񽣡
Ϊﵽ֮ԺƣҲһ𺳵Ŀǰĺ꣬Լеľͨ
˻ǰǰǿ󣬲ƥеһ
ʱǧ꣬Ȼٴο⾪һ
ǰһУ޻Ѿѣ޷ǣǧ֮ǰʹ⾪һжôǿ
սƾеս񽣣һ֮¾˴ʣҾʥ֣ҲܽɱǺεǡ
վҹֵܣѱǰһ𺳣˳֣Ͼһз̫ˡ
ŸʲôϿ֡
ǰһˣԺƼֱҪˣһǿϾֻһۣ֮仹ŲСľ롣
ѾˣҾһ
¶һ˿ЦҶеͨ޽ˣŻµͨȴȻ֣һƻȴޱȿ١
ûе˷Ӧ׼ֵҹֵܾһնɱ֮û£壬Ѿɻ
Ҷ⾪һ˶ԷʮˣԼ޻Ҳ𾪲ѣһǶԽ£ǰͻΪ
ʮĶۣȴܹһնɱǿߣȻֵĻᶼûУʲô
ţǿҪɱҲû˿Ļ֮ˣ˼ֱţȵΪﵽһľ磬ʱʹ⾪һǷŻ


372 Կ
ɱظˣպŶ㲻ݡ
ŭһԺʵû뵽ǣһССĶۣȻһɱ𣬲ô˵һ˵ܴ
ǻشĲҶ죬ǶܵĽ޻ʸҵĹսǺģ޻һ棬ֱǵɱ
ǰ󲻵ʱظԶַʮǿߣѾȫɱŵϵʮʬ壬ҶЩ겻ѡ
֮ǰֻһΪﵽڵߣҪ˵𣬾۶δ֡
Ƕ̶̵£ΪͻƣѾﵽ˶֮Ҷţ֮Ѿܹưԣ𣬳֮ϵǿߣսһǰһС
ˣ⾪һҲ̫ţˣնɱˡ
ݺݵһԼĿˮһ̾ȻƨҲȷʵԼСһ˿ȡ
ΪţȻԼҲԽɱȴһ˿Ļ֮ûУΪﵽ֮Ҷʵ˲һΡ
ҵʵòҵƨӦ֪ʥ֮Ĺڰɣ
ʥ֮Ĺĸ֣ոջһЦĽ񣬺Ȼޱ˵ˣҪٴһ䣬Ȼʥ֮Ĺž޴ջ󣬵еΣҲǾ޴ģˣ
ǽ񣬾һԵ׶Ҳص˵ˣ˵ʥ֮ĹЩѾʥһ˿лꡣ
һ˿лꣿ
Ҷû̫޻ʵ˼Ȼʥʵͨ쳹أǲô˵Ѿǧ꣬һ˿лΡ
Ҷ죬Ϊﵽʥ֮󣬻ѾĽӴ򣬶ʥҲܹ֮Ծ䣬µһ˿л꣬Ҳӵ֮ɲ֮ܶԸ˵ġ
ĵ˵ͷҶѾ˵֮һ˿лҲЩܹġ
Ҷ֪βôҪʥ֮ĹΪаʱ䣬СˮҪˣȻڵΪʲôһˣȴǿߡ
˵ǻҶһʥȻЩϲĻСܲ
ҪžȳСˮôҪԼΪﵽ֮Ϊֻдﵽ֮ڵоſԺһ
ֻڵоһʵضһ¥ʱҲܹս¼һĺ벿֡
ôʥ֮ĹҶҪ룬ǡ
УȥҷǸˡ
ûеҶ˵꣬æԼС˰ƵģһһޣҶ첻Ҳ֪
Ȼھȥʥ֮Ĺڰɡ
˵֮Ҷ첢ûϽıϣĿԽ׶޵ıϣһһ޾ٵʧ֮⡣
ɻĿһʧһһޣʵΪʲôҶ첻ı
һҲƣѵϲСϣһ뵽ɫʱ
Ǳ˺һݺݵԷһ٣ɱҲûпܣԼˣԿ
ƺµǰе뷨һ٩ʵǲǵˣҶţ
ߣΪ˶ΰİ˹ּɫѵĵνֵ㣬Ů·ϲСϣҾͣҾ͡
û˵꣬Ѿ죬һգʧԶֻ¸ɵ۵Ķܣݺݵһ䣬û취ֻͽˡ
һͨʯǰһֻ׳ȫɢһ˿˿ߣͷһа֣ɱ¾ռ֮һаħ黢
Ҳһǧ꣬Ҳǧ꣬Ҳ֪аħ黢˶ãΪÿһаħ黢ְػԶַڶڴֹ˽롣
ǧ֮ǰûеֵסΪűǿ࣬Σаħ黢֮͸¶һ˿˿䣬˵ʲôҲκ̤һ
ʮһ۷޻аħ黢û뵽ϷĿãҲ޺ѡ
аħ黢ǰԶվаʮˣǰİλ⣬ʣµȫӣһ˺ƣǾǰʮ棬ÿһɢϢһ˿ħ


373 ޻Ա
ħڣħһԶַ˴ħڶɳһħʣո˵ѪĹȵĶħʣѪӡ
Ѫӣǰ֣аħ黢ɱģаħ黢ǾԲȾָΣ
ڣħʹЩ˵ħڽԶַѾˣȻ޷ҵͨʥ֮Ĺڡ
νԶַħڲཫɳһӣȴֻʣ°ʮ˲ܹð˻ȥ
ð˴ħֵ˷ܵǣ첻ˣҵͨʥ֮ĹڣȻһֻʮһ޻ػƾ֣һܹ׻ɱֻ޻ʡ
ĵ˵ͷѪӲûκεȴ˵ܹץģϣλһӣҪշֻаħ黢
û⣬ǵĿֻһǾǽʥ֮Ĺֻаħ黢δãǾҪѪˡ
ǰͷΪħʵѪҲ̲סһаħ黢һǧ꣬û뵽Ȼҵˡ
ѪƾԼʵڵõֻʮһ޻аħ黢ʱʥ֮»˭Ķ֡
˺󡣡
ͬһʱ´Ͼ֮սǿҲᱻǿɲԼκεʧ
˹ɿֲϢ˲˵ΪǸոմﵽħʣ֮УȻûһ˵Ϊﵽħ֮
ȻĿǰİˣаħ黢Ծ֮˵Ⱥɵ֮࣬ң첻ǰȫ£Ĳݡ
ԭһǰػͨʥ֮ûڴаħ黢ȻоԼûͻƵľ磬ȻһЩɶļ
߲ͬΪﵽ۷ʱ򣬾ͻﵽʥ֮ûֵȼ޻ȥֱӾʥ
ͨһµĲϳ̣ڽ죬аħ黢еԼͻֻһ֮һȴȻֵİƻ
аħ黢û뵽ǣνԶַߣһӾ˰ħʣ޷ͻƵʥ֮һ
аħ黢֮˸еŭΪͻûгɹô˵ѾٴͻƵʥ֮
һս˵ɱܣһ̵аħ黢׵ļŭˣû˿ء
ôаħ黢ͻʧܣȻһֻΪﵽʮһ۷״̬ĳǿߣǰ˴ħ֣Ҳδܹնɱ
ǿڵƣаħ黢嶼ڲϵţһаҲٲϵĻţƺҲȫһ㡣
ãҪԱ
˻˴ħʴʧɫԶħڵҲ¶һ˿ֻţһֻʮһ۷޻Աǰ˴ħҲҪ䡣
Ͽֹ
ֹƨֻǰ˺ޱ֣Ҳһ
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ûһԸΪﵽ֮İˣǾǧʱ⣬ǧϾ磬ȥ˭ҲԸ
ðû뵽ǣаħ黢ȻһѡԱʵǰһֲ಻ͬӵвɻĶԹ޾ѡ䣬һ㶼ѡԱ
ǿ߻ߣѡԱĽֻһ˿ԴԷ˺Լɢó
ϱһǿ֮˹֮ٵĽһ˵αѪ˲γ۳һǿϢ
ɵ࣬Ƕȥɡ
˵ֻ֮аħ黢Ȼ䱬ѿһ쳹ʣһ̣ɱ¾ռ˶оǿϢû˿˶ٵĳ߸
һֲ죬˴ħ֣һʹ˸ԵıѪȻаħ黢ԱԶԶ˦˳ȥ
Ϊûдﵽ֮ħˣԱĹ֮ȫ䣬ڣʣµİ˴ħڣҲһֻʮ˶ѡ
ȻѡԱˣΪʲô
ŻΪеаħ黢ѪЩʧ˵˴ħ֮£Ȼ˶û䣬ǰڵʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ͬǿߣһ𶼿׽ǰ˻ɱ
ʣµİħû˿ĳɣٵ˴ħǰԻסԵˣĿܡ


374 
ˣΪʲô֣
Զ޿ǰһУû˿⶯ƺոһֻ޻Ա˰˴ħʵһϸûС
ҡҡͷҶֻЦЦ˵ΪʲôҪȥȻ˴ħˣ˴ħȫԱܹס𣿡
ĻжʱһȻҲ޻ʣ˵İԱҲԻᱻ˲ɱ
ˣǸô죿ѵţ
ǳ֣ʱɱ¾ռǿȫۼʱǻˮС
ҶĻ䣬Զ˷Ȼ伤ǿϢЩǿϢֻתʱѾͨʯǰ
Ҷ췢֣Щ֮УţɽңƼңոʧĵʹ߽Ҳˡ
ˣħʮɫ䣬Ȼڴ½Ѿǰôħǲô˵ħʼħڴ½Ӱ첻Ǻܺá
ڰ˴ħʶˣƾħ޷赲ôǿߣһ̣ħѾԱ
Ϊ䵽ЩĻôֻһɢתĻᶼûС
ԼѡԱʱǰЩˣаٷ֮ʮҪȥǣʶп䣬ϾħʵԱͬСɣǰ˴ħһԱ
赣ģǶǲȤÿ
̶һʱͨʯǰѾۼǧˣѾֲܿˣô˵νԶַһʮ򣬵ܹߵһȴֻʣ²ǧˡ
˴ħɻĿһǰǧˣʮȻѡ˱ᣬҪ˵ˣȬҲǰǧ࿹⡣
ǰͨʯǧ˵һ̶ֱˣϾֻҪǰͨʯԶַĵڶ㡣
ʥ֮Ĺ־֪еĺ壬ûٳɣǧǰͨʯ֮Уâһǧ˶ʱʧɱ¾ռڡ
ϣҲȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷѪЩ˵ڲҪǰ˸Ȱ˵ڽѰ·
Ѫкոǧ֮ûжǳ֣ȫΪɵǰԱϾÿһ˽ԶַΪʥ֮Ĺ
ʥ֮Ĺǰ˭ҲԸڹ鷳Ҫǽȥôһ⵽˵ֹǲȥðա
ھҲѾˡ
ʱ޺ȻħǰڵȻ˵İ˴ħʣҶֱˬˡ
̶̼µʱ䣬ȻܹһԱһնɱڰħʸǿ֮ĩҲһȫɱ
ʲôˣ
ʱһ޵һ̣ѪӾѾ֪²ǶԷֻޣȻʮһ޻ʣǿ൱ʵĳڡ
ȫʢʱڵİˣὫ޷УȴһˣȫˣҪ˵޻ʣ͵ȫǻɱ
Ҷ졣
Ҷ죿
˸֣Ҳħڵ˻֪ΪѪĹȳϵѪӣȴһ˫۾Ķǰ꣬ŵ˵ǵѪĹȽħǸҶ죿
ҶûзϣôǰʮȫҪ˲ҪܣΪҶֻҪԼȫħϢħڣôӱؽ׷ɱжȹ
Ȼûôħгģ
ѪֻоԼıݺݵײһ£ħǧħ˲ȴûһܹŴһΣȻվԼǰʵеһ˿־塣
Ҫֻ֪֪ܹʱǵģôǵΪؽ
˵ʲôǵģ֪֪һɵǰԱҲǵġ
𣿡
һЦĿǰİˣҶĵ˵ͷһöɫĺȻƮɶ޻˲ס˰˴ħ档
Ҷ죬㵽׶ʲôΪʲôԱĻᶼûС
°˴ħȫˣΪ͵ѡԱʱ򣬾ȻԼԱڵϢҲ޷
ҪϹæˣ޻ʵ֮ټɱ¾֮ĵǰȫʢʱڣҵȴûа취ڣֻѡ
û˿ĳɣҶڵԪ֮ת˴ħͷϵɱ¾֮ͬʱ°˵ɱ¾ֱ֮˰˴ħʡ


375 
û˿˴ħ޻ǰû˿Ļֻһգ۵ʱ䣬˴ħѾȫɱ
˵İ˴ħҲû˿ĵֿеİöģҶЩţȫôΪһܹͻ֮
ֻҪΪﵽ֮ʱڵоһôҶţʵؽһ¥Ҳûһս֮
Ҷ֪ԼôΪ߻һ˶ޣĿһеİöģҶȡöĽǰһ˶ޡ
Ƕܻ޻ʶû˿ĿϾģ޻Ҳð⣬ֻҪģôǵʵؽٴ
Ҷ죬Ĳֻܱԡ
Ȼûаѻ˵꣬е˼ѾԲˣ֮ʥĲͬǾΪҪģֳֻҪǸʱѾûˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶĮ˵֪öģöʣµöģҴС
Сڣ
Ƕһɻ󣬾ҲǵŴ۾ǰˣǲ֪ʲôҶޡ
˶֪ĻʥģÿһֻһööĻΪ໥ײֻһ
ǰһ˶ЦЦҶԼսȡһöԴӻϲԺҶ췢ֵԼʦ䣬Ȼǵսʵս䡣
ɱ¾ռڵɱ¾֮ŨңճֵĻô˲ͻᱻɿֲɱɱô˵壬ʵڸҲûκô

Ƕܻ޻ʣڵϵĺʱһ˶޵ϳ𺳣ʵ벻ͨôõĺ
֪ǿ֮һ֮еĺһ壬ʵǿı̬ԶҶӵһöʵЩס
ҵˣ̫ţˣǺܹɹʵԱǸǿ
ŽƨҶһĿŵϵľ޴Ϊ֪ս챻˴ʥѹսҲ֮䡣
ȻҶ첻֪ʲô취սҲˣȴ֪һ£ǾԼһҪս
˴ʥԼѵһ̣Ǳ֮ʱȻ˴ţйصˣԥĻɱ
Ҳ֪һ󷨣ǾģȻڽʥ֮Ĺ
Ҷ飬û˷ԣϾոǧ֮Уǿߣйʣǿ߾в٣Ҫͱ뾡Լʵ
ʱ֮󣬵˽չصʱҶĶǰĺ΢˵ҶԲ㣬ԽҲٶԲ㣬ϣͨöĿ
˵֮ҶȡʣµöģԼһţʣµУڵС
ȻпԱΪʱӦòʲô⡣
ĲոյöѾڣֻʣɫĹţαѪγ˲εɫâϡ
ҶһɫĹŶʱ뵽ϵĺڣû˿ı仯Ǻȴʱۿɼٶš
οĿһ۵ϵĺҶǿڵٵȡʣµһöģڵϿʼ
ʱʱ䣬ҶƾԼоʣѾȫģһ˿˿ֲϢϵԼ壬Ҷ֪ȫöģôʱΪѾͻ֮
ʱ򣬶˹һ˿ϲ۷ֻ֮һͿԲ澳硣
ٶȣֱǰģ²ʱ䣬ѾӶֱͻƵֱ֮
ѹǽʮһ۷壬ȻûͻƵʮʥ֮׶ޣҲͬûͻʮͨصȴߡ
˫ۣҶûκεı飬ȴ緭ˣ۷壬ֻһͿͻ֮ͻѾͻ֮С
ˣû뵽ѾͻƵ۷ˣ
ǰĺ꣬Ҳһ꣬²ʱ䣬ҲѾͻƵ۷֮Ȼʮꡣ
꣬꣬ꡭ
ʱ򣬵ϵĺһ죬ʾǿһҪˡ


376 
еȫȥʱ˰Ҷڣȫɵˣʲô
ǰһһֻͷ˫ᣬǣצ˵һ
ˣ㸴ˣ
˵
һ˵˵϶һΪֻдﵽʮһ޻ʾſԿ˵һЩԵ޲Ż˵
˶֪ǿҲӲ򣬱ϾҪ˵˭ǿܹﵽġ
ĵ˵ͷҶûзϣʵСڣڴﵽʲôΪ
˵ʻս¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫǳί˵˵öģҸոմﵽ޻ǰھ磬Ҫָǧǰ޻۷壬ûôס
˻˱й亹ֱʮһ޻ǰڣֻһոճСһȻﵽ޻ʾ磿
ܣΰİ˹ԭ˵󻰵ļһɣġ
ʱ򣬽Ȼ챯ƺܲסĴһ㣬ϾǧʱŴﵽ޻֮˼ֻǸոճ͸ǧΪʵ̫ˡ
ߣʲôΰİ˹ʲôôʶ
㣬Ҫݡ
ðٺ١
ʱսѾһϢĽ˻˵Ҳ֪˭Ӯ˭䣬սԺ󣬽ƺʵֲĺǰҲû̧ͷ
Сϣǧ겻㻹𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ֪Ϊʲôһ򽾰ޱȵ׶޾ȻսʱֳһСŮ˵״̬
ãϲ㸴
ңһԵĽֱҪˣǿӣȻɶļһˣ˵ʲô
Сڣ굽׷ʲô飿
սҶҪ뿪֪ǧ֮ǰһУΪʲô˴ʥֶԸһž޴ı
ˣ֮нɽ֮Уõһ磬ഫһλ԰˴ųᣬնɱ˰˴ʣû뵽ȴ˰˴ʥ󲻵бѹҲɱƾҽԼһ˿ǿдֻأǧֻأڸ

Сڣ˵ʲôˣ
һʻӣս֪λжܵ˵ѣҲûйĮ˵ഫ񲢲۷壬滹𣬶žλ𡣡
սĻ˵һԭΪϣǿӦþν񣬵ڲ֪ԭԼǾ֮ܡ
治ҸѾĴڣôҪǿǿʲôز
ÿһλΪﵽ˶ǿӵдͨĳǿߣһԿɽء
Сڸ磬˵Ŀģ֮ûĴڣ
ݺݵһԼĿˮǸղŶԷݺԼΣΪս˵ʵ̫ˡ
ȻУ޴ﵽν֮ʵλ滹λλ񣬶ܹﵽλ񣬾νһ
λλλޡ
ЩνȼȻޱƺʲôһ㡣
սĻҶΪʲôأȡʤˣλΪﵽĳǿߣ½ǿ߼˼ҵĶ֡
СڣǷڣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ⣬սû˿˵Уǧǰ峤Ѿﵽλ޾硣
ȻʵҶѾ뵽֮ûλĴڣôڴ½ǧ겻˵ѳˡ
Ͼ嶼õҶλЩûκιϵҪ˵ڵֻǸոմﵽ۷壬ǵʱѣָ۷壬ûʸȥӴЩ顣
ǿҶҴ֮磬Ҷ˵ʲôҲύȥô˵Ƕһ˵ʲôء
ˣ㵱걻ѹɽҪָ䣬ֻѲſԣʲôʱȥɽ
֮кɣܹŻһȥɽ꣬Ƚʥ֮Ĺ˵ջ񡣡
Ҷľûκ˷ԣ޿ٵĽͨʯ֮Уâһ޶ʱʧɱ¾ռڡ


377 Ը
ԶַһΪ㣬һ˸ո뿪ɱ¾ռ䣬ڶ˸ոսʥ֮Ĺȴ֪Ϊûһܹ㡣
һ޼ʵĿռ䣬Ҷɫû֮е˷ܣЩأΪռ֮ڣȻһϴ
˵Զַĵڶʥ֮Ϊʲô˿ʲôûС
һ̾ϳɻ˵Ҳһ֪ȻӣҸӿɵǣոսʥ֮Ĺǧ߾ȻҲˡ
ǻþ
ͨ۲죬Ҷȷһ飬ڵĿռ䣬Ͳʥ֮ĹһһһޱȾ޴Ļ
󣿡
ҶĻ˶һߵĺ꣬Ϊ֮Уֻкһߡ
Ҷ죬а취ƿ𣿡
һصĿǰһĿռ䣬ʱһߣƾסһʣȻá
Ͼʥ֮ĹʥĹأʥȻֻһ֮֮ʵȴʮǧ
ҡҡͷҶҲû˿ֱ˵ûУϾǰʵ̫ˣڵʵ޷ƿ
ȴһԡ
˵֮Ҷȡɱ¾֮ģڵԪ֮תս¼֮жԻĽⷨһ
˶סһգգĿŲߵĺ꣬ΪﶼҶҲûа취Ļôֻһ
ľˮйλŹԣΪ
䣬ոջһеĿռȻâ䣬ռٵת˻ûü񣬱Ѿһռ䡣
ǰһĹ˰Ҷȫ˵Ҷ췢֣ոսʥ֮Ĺǧֻʣ²ʮˡ
Ҳ˵ǧ֮У˶ûܹղŵĻôЩ˵ĽֻԶҪȻڻ֮Уһ˵ЩѾҸӲ뿪Զַ
ʮ֮УҶ췢־Ȼÿһ˵Ϊٴﵽ֮ʮˣʣµĶʮˣȴǿߡ
仰˵Ϊﲻ֮ǿߣҶõһǾҪΪȴﵽ֮޿µôﵽʥ֮
һʥˮ֮Ĺ
һʥ֮֮Ĺ
һʥϹ֮Ĺ
һʥĽݲ֮Ĺ
ǰһĹ˶ˣЩʥǰǿ󵽽Ϊﵽʥĳǿ߶еһ˿־塣
Ϊ½֮ϣȻ˵ʥڣȴһܶ࣬Ϊﵽʥ֮ǿߣѡͻƿ
ǰһʥĹأ˵ҲмҲ˵Ĺؾʹӵмʥ
һ뵽ֲ֣ʱоԼΣʮǿڽ֮󣬲ûиҶһȻֻʥĹأ˭Ҳ˵Щǰﵽʥǿߣʲô֡
ˣЩʥĹ𣿡
ݺݵһԼĿˮɫЩѿʵȻһֻʮһ۷޻ʣһʥǰһֻϣӲ˵ﻹ⼸ʥ
ʥ֮ĹȻӵ֮ʥ֮ĹмҲ˵ټöʥģܹõٺ١
ˣûҵķԸһжһ£Ը
ݺݵĵһֱˮĽҶ֮ʣʥôõãҲôûһܹȡһöʥġ
Ҷǧ֮ǰһεԶַսҲУҲҲûеõһöʥġ
սõһöʥĵĻΪͻʥ磬Ҳ󱻰˴ʥѹֻ˰ֱȻûѡ
Ҷ죬ǲʲôԣ
ĵ˵ͷҶЩص˵֪ΪʲôǸоﲻԾʲôطԾȴ˵һ㣬ЩʥĹضá
ܶʥĹأôõʥģ
Լ˵ĻʱˣһֻҪܹһöʥģôʮ꣬һܹͻƵʥ֮ʥ޾簡һ뵽ԼܹﵽǸ߶ȣͼѡ


378 ؿ
ݺݵĵһ̰ĴҶû˵㲻㾡ȥʱ˻á
ˣҲû˵ʲôʥȻˣ֪ԼҪİɣûķԸһ
ĻҶȥ񣬶Ƕֶ˵Ȼӵʥģǲ֪ΪʲôܾЩԾԵʱǸңǧҪߡ
ֵܣͷİɣһ㲻ֲֻ񡣡
ȻҶΪͣҶĵλȴ֮гΪ˵꣬Զ˵Ļ˷ԡ
ǲ̰ͼʥģȴ˲ᣬʣµʮǿ֮Уʴٵĳǰȥ
Ĵŵˣ
ҶûдոȥľĴŵˣǰ֮ʥĹأֻҪɵӣһܹµĹ֮ʲôĴڡ
ʥֻ֮Ҫʬ岻ʬôʥһ¶ʬ֮Уǧ겻ʧֱ˽
Ĵŵǿ̲סˣϾܹõʥĵĻ滹ʣʮ֮ڴﵽʥ֮ڻ¡
ʥڴ½ϴ۷ĴڣԽӴ編򣬸ҪǣʥԵ֮֮ǰһжޡ
ҺãӭԶַڶʥ֮Ĺ
ʱ򣬸ոȥľ˾ȻٴλصԭλҿÿϳɻҶҲ֪Լôصԭλõġ
ռȻ˰Ҷȫˣ˭˵ǳÿһĵһ⡣
Ϊʲôʥ֮Ĺˣǳÿһеĵڶ⣬ȴû˻شеɻ
ҲþȣػߣǿԳ֮Ϊϣϲλͨɱ¾ռ䣬ʥ֮Ĺ㡣
ʥ֮Ĺ㣿
ռ翵Ļжʱһʥ֮Ĺ㶼֮һʥ֮Ĺأôʥ֮Ĺֻʲô
ٴκݺݵһԼĿˮ۷ŹĿǰʥĹأ޲ھȥһա
ǵ˵ֻʥ֮ûеʱӥͲˮˣҪҶ֮ɢһ˿棬˵ֻѳ֡
ǣʥ֮Ĺһӵ㣬ǻͨؿ飬ܹ˳ͨģô˳뿪Զַʱ򻹻õҪĶ
ǰҪʥ֮ĵĻѵҲõ
ʻǽɽĽ׳ϣΪﵽʥֻ֮Ҫõһöʥ֮ģȫڶ̶֮ͻʥ֮ҲνԶַĿġ
ʵ½֮Ϊܹﵽʥ֮ǿ߻еģЩǿһ㶼רϾֻҪﵽʥ֮ôҲ͵ڰֻѾ̤ʥ硣
֪Զַ֮ӵʥ֮ģǽԶַİʥǿȴûм˽뽣֮⣬Ҳ޵ڶˡ
ΪȻԶַ֮ӵĶȴΣޱȣʮ
Ϊܹõʥ֮ģﵽϾʥ֮˶Ϊ֮ˣ⣬½еμ˽иŽɽ֮ǿĴڡ
Բ֮ͨؿ飬õĽͣҪõʥ֮ģôȴֻһ취ͨؿ飬һʥսֻҪܹɱôǾͿԵõʥ֮ġ
ɱʥõʥ֮ģ
ϵĻ˱һ䣬Ȼڴ½֮Ҳ۷ڣʥô֮ûһ˿ԻʤΪѾﵽʥ֮Ľ뽣ס
ʲôЦʥѾʥģӴ編Ѿܹ֮ǿߴڣǰһжֻϡ
ǰһ⣬˵ؿ飬ʲô
Ҳܸǣǵһȴ˵ڵһ֮Уÿһ˶Լһȼ߶սֱһʱ䲻ˣһʼҵĻǣףҺˡ
˵֮ϵɢռڣֻһŷŭڴǣȻжԸ⣬ÿһȴ֪ǳЭ֮ѡ
´ҷģòμʲô飬ҵԼޣԿԽս֮УСϡ
ˣԸǩԼ
ûеҶѻ˵꣬׶е˵ĵ˵ͷҶԴ˲ûκεķԣϾ֮ʣһͶһϣ


379 빲
ںųս˵ĶܣҶֱһٸģڵĶѾﵽһ֮Ҫ˵һȼĶս棬λսҲĽɱ
ʣµ޻ʣȻҶսҲͬģǲô˵СڶֻǸոճԸðǸա
޻յս֮УҶǰ˵ʥ֮Ĺĵ㣬ʱʥһս
ʥһսܵʱһȻڵΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮Ƕս˵ϲľԽս
ΪܼһǾûͲгɹֻڲϵս֮У˲ſԲϵԼ
ս½۷ĴڣֻҪһ;ѪڣЦܺƵ˵ãʱҶʥսһ
˴˶ŸԵ۾ͬʱЦ˫ֽһŪŪƮУһѣ빲
Ž˫ֵˣŶ˺ƵĻ˶Ͷ˱ĵʥһսҲ䣿е뷨
ȴɫصĿˣΪﵽʥ֮Ľ뽣ף֪ΪʲôǰĶˣܾö˻ʵһ
ʥһսԣҲôϣԼʥһսǽŻǽףﶼ֪Ǿͨؿ飬Ҳʥһս
Ϊ˸ӵ⣬ϻ縺ŸҪΣһ̣ͬʱĽҶܣ޾ңء
ʱռͷϺȻʮڰ֮⣬ʱʮǿߵϣҲҶܡ
תʱ䣬ʮ棬ǿȫʧԭأʥ֮Ĺָֻƽƺûһ㡣
û뵽ǸСӾȻˣǲİ
ôʾʣȻô̰ģһʥǶʥδСӵĶ֣СӲ֪ԴʲôҩҪսʥѰ·
ˣһܹܶʥʵ¾Ҳ޷ҳֻСƺȱ꣬Ϊǵ͵ˣ治֪ôġ
˵ˣǻ뿪ȫ
ʮǿ߻Ļһ𾪵ķ֣ЩԴȻǳǰЩʥĹ֮У֪ʮ˻᲻ᱻֱŻ衣
һĿռڣҶЩĿǰһУһС͵Ŀռ䣬ֻǧɸߣȴޱȳ档
ҶţԼܹʮ꣬˵ֱͻƵ澳Ҳ˵ҲûзŹѵûᣬ˫۽գڵԪ֮ݺݵſռڵ
ʱת۶ţҶеһ˿ȵǣֱڣĶ֣ҲһһȻûг֣ʵЩΡ
ղѾ˵ÿһ˶ؿ飬ؿĵһǱȸԸһȼǿ߶սֱɱԷΪ֮
Դҵ壬޻ں֮ΪѾͻƵ۷ֻ֮һܹﵽ𾳽硣
˵һȼǿߣֻΪﵽһߣһһҶ컹ȷûн
뵽˻𽣬ҶҲ֪޻ôˣʱɱ¾ռ䣬ʥ֮Ĺڴ޻ʸһöġ
޻ʱѾﵽʮһ۷״̬ҶţֻҪ޻ȫöģʱ˵ͻʥ֮
һ뵽ԼڲõĽܹӵʥҶЩСϾʥ൱ʥǿߣͬȼ£һ㶼ҪʵǿһЩ
û뵽ǣԴ޻ʿʼĿʼڽ뵽ʥ֮ĹֻҪչأȴӰԼս񽣵á
չأ
޻ʵıչأҶҲ֪ôһ£Ǻ»ǻ£ҶҲ֪ԼΪֻףԸ޻ܹƽ
̶ʱΪȻܹϵҹʱ䣬ֱ̫ǿˡ
ϵſռڵҶЩ̶ֱܹܹ̾ʮı
ٶʮıһʲôҲ˵ռһ꣬൱ʮ꣬һ꣬൱ǧİꡣ
һ뵽ֵĲ죬ҶʱһٶȥԼò˶þܹͻ֮ˣʱȴᡣ


380 һǿ
һ
Ȼֵһ󺺣鶹Ե˿ֲӵ죬ֱѪڣôһࡣ
۷壬Ҷ졣
ĵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôڵٵתһɰԵâ˲ֱӳǰȥ
ǰɢĿֲϢҶͻȻһǿâ֮˵ΪѾﵽһ۷֮һ˲䣬ҶѾжϳӵʵ
Ҷȴ֪ʵڵСͿռ䣬һΪĿռ䣬ʲôһ۷壬һʥ
Զַĵڶʥ֮Ĺһʥ֮⣬ûһΪʥ֮µģʥС
Ƕ˵ؿĵһȴǱÿһ˸߳һȼսطսĻѱʹһʵ
СͿռսĻռȫѹʵʹһߵʵ̫ܡ
ҶҲûгɣΪѾﵽ۷ڵоѾʼںϵļΪܹﵽ֮ôоȫںһ
ڵսٵתԪ֮ȥ˲ײһһ쳹ռ䡣
ɫЩ԰׵ĴϢһҶ췢ԼСǰӵʵȻԷһ۷壬ȴ൱ţơ
֮Ѿܹվ۷壬һǶҲһս֮ƾڵʵ޷ʤң޴ޱȣھһУ޺ۣϣܹ¡
˵֮ϺȻһǿϢһ߶̽Уâڴ˹ᴩ콣ϡ
ðԵ
һ䣬ҶҲʵԾһѣΪܹĴӶϣܵһɿֲĽҲδ֡
üͷâһ漴ս񽣳ҶУȻ޻ĴӶչأȴӰҶʹս񽣡
ս񽣽֣ڵսԪӿ뵽УһɸӴĽĺռ
ս񽣣ǵսʵʲôˣ
кȻֵ񽣣ɫ䣬ϡǵãǧǰԶַ֮һλսǿߡ
һ·֮ϣû˿սʣȻڴ½֮ѾǾڣԶַڣЩʥǰ϶㡣
ôһλΪֻǴﵽʵˣȻһ·֮ͨǰһսʥɱһʥõʥġ
뿪˺䶯ԶַΪǧһԶַܹͨؿ飬õһЩ뿪Զַ
ΪֻǴﵽʾˣɱһһʥõʥģҾȻսʥ
Ϊ鵽ֹ˸еֵ鷢ˣսʥսȻɱ˶ʥҵõʥġ
һ̣սȻȻ֣սʥȴǰˣսˣȴûһ˵ʲô
һʾȻɱʥлһʥʲô¾Ҳ޷ﵽɡ
սʥսսȻûлʤʥҪɱս죬ȴҲ޷쵽սû
չ涨Ȼսʤʥһɱˣʥʥľ͹Уս뿪Զַеöʥģ»
ʥģʥɳɣԺֹڴˣݹأһˣǧ֮ѣأΨҶ𡣡
ս˵֮󣬱뿪ԶַӴԺսʵһٱΪʥ֮µһˡ
Ҳʶʲôսʡ
ǰ˼ӣҶ첻֪Ϊʲôһӻᵽս죬ô˵ĳ˵˵սԼԼս죬ֻûѰˡ
㣬ôõս񽣣
֮С
֮иΪսǿߣǷ˵
ʻҶֱҪˣԼڲμӵһؿ飬ǰ˾ȻǴս죬ҲԼ顣
֪һЩ˵ǰǰһǿߣΪʥ֮µһˣ󱻰˴ʥָѹɽ֮ڡ
û˿ľȣ̾ϢһǻǲϷŹս죬˴ʥ֣ȻǴֱʣֻǿϧһǿߡ


381 
ĻҶʱһ֪һЩ飬ǳҶĵһ뷨
Ҷû˼ЩҪľǻǰӣ˳ͨһȥμʣµ
һӮˣսȻΪֻǴﵽ֮ȴҵżӵս񽣣ôһͲټˡ
ĻҶһʵû뵽ԼһȻ˳ͨˣսʵͷǺܴġ
лл
ˣҪסȻӵս񽣣ͲҪû
ĵ˵ͷʱҶȻԼڵСͿռٵı任һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿһտƽԭ֮ϡ
տƽԭ֮ϣ֮ҲûеڶˣҶ첻֪ؿĵڶʲôѵ￴羰
ڶʲô
Ҷ쿴ǰһ޼ʵƽԭɻ뵽Ȼһޱȣһȴһա
£Էһȼⳡսû˿ӵоǿԽս
һΪﵽ۷ǿߣһΪﵽһ֮ǿߣ˶սĻٷ֮ᱻɱ
ԼǶˣô˭˭ӮͲһˣҪԽսֱһܵ飬һǧ֮Ҳδػһ
Ҷ֪ʮ߲μӵһܹ˳ͨĿ²ж٣뵽Ҷ̾Ϣһ治֪ܹؿȫµ߻ж١
ûڶʲô漴ҶڵϿʼԴΪﵽ۷֮ûкúõ
Ҷû뵽Զ̶ַµʱ䣬ΪȻô죬ֱӴӶ۷塣
ǸΪǧһ죬ֻڶʮ֮ǰﵽۣҲûдﵽ۷徳硣
Լ껹ʮ꣬ȴѾﵽ۷֪֪֮᲻Ҳ˵Լһǧ
˵Ҷǰû˿ţôһ̵֮гţս񽣣޻ʣֻҪʥǿ֣߳ҶаսСˮŴ
ʱ˵ԼôԼʱɱɱ𣬾ʥ֣ҲԲ
ʱ򣬿տƽԭϺȻһӰ˫ۣҶʱһϸֳһ˿Цݡ
ֵĲǱˣǶܣһ̵ĶԵ쳣ǱкüѪϸԵƣ
Ƕ棿Էʵô
ܵΪոմﵽһ֮ҪԵĶ־ǱһȼҲǶ棬Ƕ۷ǿߡ
ҶеЩȵǶܻǱȻܵΪֻһ֮ǿߣҲԽԷնɱ
ǿߣֻǶ۷壬ȴ˳˵ԷȻѹΪʵȻޱǿ
ǰĺ꣬һ˿ȣĻһ˿Σ˵ǸˣȻѹԼΪȻﵽ˶۷徳磬ˣҶԼģû뵽ǸҲһ̬սǿĿ¡
˵Ҷһ˿棬ܱΪսˣܹԽսԽȼϣôһսˣȻ˵һǱֱ̬Щ˼顣
ˡ
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һ仰ֱҶеһ˿𾪣ѵܵĶֲʥʥǿߣʵʲô
ǾΪﵽʥǰڵĳȻռ佫ΪѹƵ漶𣬵սǷֱ̬ҪҪЩͶԵ˵һͳˡ
ʱһʥľһǺų֮йǿĺѹֶܻ˵ķǳı̬һǲȥġ
֮УͺĹΪǿ󣬿ǽһ㶼֮еĻߣԲ򲻵ѣǲ׳ֵġ
ǿ߱Ǻһ壬ҶսСھĺһ壬СǱޣʵֻǿ
ò˵ǺˣȻ˾һ壬һǺųƹǿĺ
ȻƺǱҶܵ˷ܵģܹͬȼһǿĵ֣˵һ顣
ʲôƺѳ
һ뵽ոյսҶйЦԷǵĸоûжֻ֣ոһУԼͨ˵һ
Ȼǽ˵սʵĹ⣬Ҷȴ˿ô˵ʵս죬սҲԼ
ҶѸղ飬һһʮ˵˳λѣǴͬԶԴѣҶһ֪ĶԴ
ģò˵Ӻˣֻǲ֪ܹͨһж٣ϣҪ̫١
ûڶ˵ʲôֻһƬ޼ʵƽԭԼ£ƽԭռžĿ¡
ˡ
Ҷһ仰ֻƽԭռƺһ£ųǰ࣬ƺԵøǱ
ʵΪѾﵽʥ֮Ľ˵ҶԵøӺ棬ʥ֮ϱʥѲɵһɳһʥսţ
ҶԼ뷨ȻʥǿѾǿ󣬵ʥǿֱ߱Ͳһ֮ϡ
ҶһʥǿߣʵǿʥҲֻᱻɱû˿ȻҶ޷֪ս죬ƾʲôʵȻսʤʥΪﵽʥĳǿߡ
Ҫ˵Ǵ½κһ˶֪һʻɱһʥͺһֻһͷЦ
ȻʥѾԽܹ֮֮ʥȣֱûпɱԣҶ֪Ϊﵽʥ֮ĽţʲôĴš
ƺѾ֪ǰеɻ󣬽Ҳû˿˵һΪﵽʥԲߣѾܹ֮
ʥԲ֮Ҷ컹Ƕܣƺе˼ϾǶ˻ûдﵽǸΣ޷֪
Ϊﵽʥ֮Կʼ֮ոմﵽʥֻ֮һ֮ƣܹ֮ʱ򣬱Ǵﵽ˰ʥԲ֮ʱʥǿڵİʥ֮ľͿʼΪʥ֮ģֻһն֮İʥҪһУ˵Ҫˡ
ŵĻڻѾΪﵽʥ֮ǿһ˽⣬Ҳ˵ʥʵΪȼռ֮˵ʵǿ


382 ʮ˶ս
ֵֻܹ֮Ķȴܹܹ֮һʥԲǿߵлʤȷʵЩ汾¡
ȴûκεľ£ȻһʥǿߣΪ֮£㲻֮սƽ֣ҪҲ׾ٵ顣
֪һĻ˭
ŵĻ䣬ƽԭռٴᲨһ£ˣǽɽĽ꣬Ϊﵽʥ֮Ľס
ǰȻǱޱȵĶˣҶû˿Ц⣬һ̣֪ɽĳϵ˼֮
϶ʵǿҲķ֮Ҳһܹ֮ΪﵽʥԲǿߡ
ķ֮
ŽŸԼĴҶ¶һ˿Ȼôǰʥǿߣ޷֮ǿ
Ҷ쿴һ֮䣬Ų࣬Ҳ̫󣬶ܹ֮ȴķ֮֮ʵൽж֪顣
Ŀһ۲Զĺ꣬ƺܹµ룬漴Ͻףʹе£ûлʤĻᡣ
Ҷװʥ֮Ĳ࣬Ȼ֮ķ֮࣬ʵҲԶ
һһۣһ۵Ļô£Ŀ϶Ϊﵽһ۵ˣΪﵽ۵ǿߡ
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ոһһƣĽױ㿴ǰ˵ڸոյս֮УҪһ߱꣬ҪһһʥԲǿ߶ս
ԭ֪ʹʲô취ȻΪֻǸոմﵽһߣȴֻסһˣɽǿ߲֪ôˡ
Ĵ۵ľǣҪǰһΪﵽʥԲǿߣһΪﵽˡ
ߣ㶼ûôֻû뵽ԽɽģҪŽɽλүˣǱɽȵģѹˡ
ȻŵĻƺǹάڳ˶ܹ仰һ˿ɱɽ֮һֱͷ
һ治Ҷڲ˲μؿ飬˵ڽѲˡ
ţɽ֮ѾˮݣԶ˵棬뿪Զַһ̣ôȥˣӦѾ˰ɡ
ҲĻԶԶַ֮кһ㡣
˵֮Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǸϾֻǸոͨ˵һ滹ǡ
ԲǽŻǽףһ̶ѡ˳Ĭͨؿ飬ǲҪ˵뿪Զַʱܻܲһ⡣
ʱڣռ½˳֣Ҷ¿һ£ܹͨһˣͶܣֻʮˡ
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ǿΪûʵҪ׸ԶȥЩˣڳʮ֮Уûһκε
ʣµʮ֮УҶ֮⣬Դǵ֮ĽţɽĽ꣬ףŵᰣһͬﵽʥ֮ǿߡ
ڵĿ׷ɣΪֻǴﵽ۷֮ʣµľȻɢޣ˾ͽϣ룬˵Ϊ۷壬һΪͬﵽʥ֮ǿߡ
˷˻࿴ŶԷʮ֮оȻΪﵽʥǿߣΪﵽ۷ǿߣΪ͵ľҪҶ죬ԼɽĽꡣ
ҶĺңƼԼǿ߶Ѿ䣬ûһˣʮǿ߾Ȼڵһ֮оȥʮˣò˵ؿпޱȡ
ʣµʮˣȴûһ˸еɣΪȴǵĻһȥôǿߣʣµ֮Уʮ֮лʣ¼ˡ
Ҷ죬˵ǽĵڶʲô
ʻҶ쿴ߵĶܣ΢΢̾Ϣһųս˵ļһҲڵĽĿ顣
ҡҡͷҶɫЩ̫ÿ˵ȻҲ֪ԼµĶԲԣָоԼµİ˾Ųʮ
µĵڶʲô
漴¶һ˿ȣΪ֪Լǰһ㲻˵ûаյ飬Ȼֻǲµġ
ҲµûдҪԵؿ֮еĵڶӦʮ˶ս


383 
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ҶĻܵһȻû˵ɫȴЩأô˵ʮ֮о˵Ϊﵽ˰ʥ֮
ֻǸոմﵽһ֮ͬȼǿߣʥ֮»ǿսʥǿߣ֪ܲʤܻôġ
Ȼûʥǿ߶սǶܹĵ֮жôǿ󣬱ϾǰʥѾǴ編
ʱƽԭռľ֮ϺȻһŴֵǣȻûһܹӣĴʥǿ߶ԡ
ʥ
һ뵽ʮ˵ɫЩأ治νʥ֮Ĺʥǻ
ϲ˳ͨһؿ飬Ϊ˽ʮܹͨһÿ˻õһöɹȻĵڶ
ɹ
ڳʮ֮УȻûһܹҵɹʲôԶַ챦˿Ǻڴġ
ؿڶʮ˶սʮ˵ʱ๥ʱֻˣҲ˵ֻȥ˵ʱǵĵڶŻǣףǺˡ
˵֮󣬾֮ϵĴʱʧӰ٣ʮÿһжһɫĹӣɹ
Ҷ죬˵ɹʲôã
еɹҶҲ֪ʲôã˵ôȷ˵
ĵ˵ͷ˲ٳɣΪڶʮ˶սϾҪʼˣǵΪͣڶܲͨһܴı
ɹҶʱоеɹһůֱ뵽ڵĸֻһص˵֮ڡ
ʱҶȻԼΪȻȻûдﵽ֮ţԼǸĿѾԶˡ
Ǻöžͺˡ
һпҲоˣȻΪҲͬȻûͻƵ֮Ҳ˸еˡ
ڵڶʼʮ˶ս
ʱռȻһ翵ƺÿһ䶼һ㣬Ȼֱ
䣬ʮֳɰ˶ԣҶһԣ֮ԼһԣɽףһԣԼһԣڿ׷Լһԣʣµɢޣ˾ͽϣһԡ
ҶΪ۷壬Ϊһ𣬶ܵΪһʣµ˾ͽϣ׷ɶ۷֮
ʥǿ߷ֱǵ֮ĽţɽĽףŵᰣɢ޷֮УҪɽĽΪߣѾķ֮
׹󣬾ŵ䣬֮ǵ֮Ľţ֮һɢ޷ֻǸոһ֮
Ҷ죬˵ȶԸ˭
ʶϾڰ˴֮УǶ˵ʵΪ£һۣһ棬͵Ķ۷塣
˭Ը˲۶Էǣʱ򡭡
ҶĻȻû˵꣬е˼ԲǲȥǱˣǱǣôҲԲ顣
ţ֮ĶԹԺúˡ
ôҵ
ˣ
ǲԣҲˣֻ˵Ļʱ˳˻ô죿
˵꣬ʥǿͬʱˣҶȱ̬˵֮ĶԹǾԲ֣Ƕ˵ʵҲӰ첻ǰɡ
Ļʥǿ߶û˵ȴתˣҶ˵ĺܶԣڰʥǿǰ¶ʵȷʲô
Ҳ֡
Ҳ֡
ŵİʥǿᰣɢްʥǿ߷̬ΪʵʥĻǡ
ô˵˵ʵǰʥ֮Խ뽣׵вŲݵĶԹĴʥԿԻɱˣ˳ͨڶ
ɽ֮ʼǲݵĳ棬˫ԷܹɱһʥǿߣֱһõĻᡣ
ţӦÿ˰ɣ
ʵڽǲ뽣׶֣ϾѾܹķ֮ȴֻ֮⣬ܵһԼ˵ĽԶʧ½ϡ
ͬ뽣֮Ķսǲɱģڲ֣ʱ뿪ԶַҲᶯ֣ھͶ֡
뵽ûٳɣϺȻһǿɱֱӳŶȥһ־ΪǿɱС


384 
ԼѾܹķ֮Ľ֮仹һģȷˡ
ĿǰߣŵкȻ೤һ߶̽ڵ֮ٹ룬϶ʱһǰδе
ǿϢ֮Ȼǿޱȡ
ȵĿѾֵʥǿߣҲһɾ˵ս⣬û˿ĳɣֱΪѾﵽ۷ɢ˾ͽϡ
Ѿ֣Ҷ첢ûмų֣ΪѾ˶֣ʣµˣûҵԵĶ֡
ǸСϲҶ죿
ʱڵ۷ǿ߿׷ɣ۷ǿ֮һλɢǿǳĴʥǿǿߡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿˵˵ڵ꣬ӦþеǸҶ졣
ܲû뵽仹Сܲ
׷ɵĻֱҶеһ˿ȣʵû뵽ǰô۷ǿ߻˵ΪڶͬԼСһ
㲻Ҫ˵̫磬˵֮һĴүС꣬ѾӦˣ֮Բ֮ҹ
֮Բ֮ҹĴүҪȢꣿ
ϢҶֱҪˣΪʲôԼ飬ʾ۹ŵСˮֳһꡣ
һθΣȻ֮һҶ֪һжڡ
һ뵽֮ڣҶйУ֮£Ϊϣɲƽ޹˵ġ
ǰֻҪһͿԽɱǿʥǰҲֻһϣҪ˵ˡ
ǰλүʲôʵ
ҶĴүҲĶӣʵһܸߣ֮ϡ
Ҳֻ֪ܸ㣬ҵΪȻ͸˵ʵӦǴﵽ˰ʥ֮
ʥ֮
ĴүȻһΪﵽʥĳǿߣҶ¶һ˿ЦҲ֪ԼǸøеĻǿա
ҶΪԼһˣǲ֪ΪʲôǼСˮѪʶĸо
ָоƺЩŮ֮䱾ʶһ㣬Ҷ֣ᷢļλ֪ʱԼθС
ʱθгֵʱҶеǾȣΪǰʶˣΪʲôָоʵЩΡ
Ҷֻ뵽һܣǾǰսʣ˵սǷµķծԼ뵽Ҷֻε̾Ϣһ˭Լսء
лǰ棬˭ҪȢС꣬ҵʬϿȥǾԲӦС޸˵ġ
ǰĻ׷˫۶ʱһЦ˵ãС꿴ϵˣǾС꣬Ҷ죬ҪõС꣬Ҫӿٶȣڵʵ޷СҸ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶγ֪Ҫ˵ǸҪȢСүΪҲﵽ˰ʥ֮
ʥ֮ǿֻ߰Ǹոͻ۷壬һ֮Ҫﵽʥ֮Ҷ첻֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ǰģһŬԲṼСꡣ
仰ҲͷˣСĵʦ׷ɣ㲻飬Խһ塣
塣
Ҷû˿ԥСʦ𣿵꣬Ҷ;ԼӦýԷһ壬Ͼ׷ΪǺãҪȻҲ˵Щ
ãΣҲᱣ뿪Զַͨڶ˵
ٴε˵ͷ׷Ҷ쿴ˣɽĽ꣬һ𣬻һɢ룬۷ǿߡ
ʣµʥǿߣɢ޷ŵᰣѾ֪ʲôʱ㿪ʼ֣ڴǲɿʱ
ԸǸɽСӣɢ޽ҡ
ã嵱ġ
İɣһССɢޣһûзС
䣬׷ɾһͷ͵ıӣתۼͳǰȥ۷ǿ߶ʱսһս
ʮ֮УѾа˲μսֻʣΪﵽ۷ҶΪﵽһĽ꣬˶ĶŶԷʱ׼֡
Ҷ죿
ǡ
Һαض֣ǰ˵ʱһ䣬ʱǶǿ˳ͨڶҰ֣㿴Σ
á
ôʵ㲻Ҫǣȼ֮ĲǲֲģֻһΣϣϧ


385 
ֻһΣӦúúϧ
˵һ䣬ǰ飬϶ʱһϲǰȻὫ
ȴͬˣֻǶ̶̼²Ȼֱӱһ۷ǿߣζû뵽ġ
˵һǽʵҪɱһ۷壬Ӧòһѵ飬Ҫμӽĵڲ׳֡
ʱ򣬶ĺȻˣƮ첽漴չһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾʧԭء
ûϻص飬Ҷ˵֣ϾҲ֪˵õİ취ǵɽܵ̽·Ҷζ޷ܵġ
üһս񽣳ҶУû˿ĳɣڵԪ֮ٵתӿ뵽֮ڡ
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Ҷƾеս񽣣ʹս¼֮еľһһնɱΪﵽǿߡ
ԴΪﵽ֮Ҷ췢֣ǰʦǬǺս¼֮ѧǬʵ󣬶ΪһУ򽣹һ
ڵʵ޷ʹ򽣹һҪս¼֮УǬһ磬Ϊܹﵽ֮ҲӦһ𾳽硣
Ҷƾеս񽣣ʹ򽣹һҲǾһ𶼿ԻɱӲ˵һССһ
ŲϷŴͨһ̽˾֮ɫʵ޷һССۣȻܹʹǿĽС
Ҷ죬ĸɱңҿǽɽˣɱңɽŹġ
ĻҶ׼նµս񽣣Ӳͣ˰֮УϾɽʲôǵнɽɽΪﵽ˽֮
ǰͣ¶һ˿ظĸоڸղţᵽȻԼ֮ʡ
˿ɣղ֣ǱԻ˲佫룬û˿ķᣬһָо˵ĸоףԼоԻ
ҽ첻ɱ㣬ʱɽŹ𣿡
ȻᣬŹ㣬ҿŵȵ뿪Զַ󣬽ɽһ㿴Σ
Ȼ˵ǽɱ죬һɽɽȻھһ͹Ƶίȫܹܵˡ
ڽãֻҪһ뿪ԶַܶԷ˭ʱɳɽĳǿ߻ɱԷֱɱԷΪֹ
ɽĻ
ԣ㻹ֻ֪Ϊﵽ֮ϵˣſԵνɽĻһְ
¶Է֪ɽĸ߹󣬽꼱æ͵Ҷֻĵ˵ͷ˵㼸⣬ʵشұŹ㣬ɺã
á
û˿Ҳ𣬿ǰеͨ᲻˿ĽʤȻʵ
ɽʵΣ
вҲԶ
꽣ĻشҶֻ΢΢ЦһвЦֻвĻҲΪ½̫ϻʣɽֻһˡ
֮ʲôط
֮磿
ɫʱһԾΪʲô⣬ǻش֮һаĵطഫһλΪҴ˵Уڵĵ֮ȻڣԵ֮类Ϊ½аĵطȴ˸ҽʥҲͬܡ

Ҷڶ֣ԭΪ½ֻΪǿıǴ˵е֮ʵĲҶڽӴ½֮ϵһЩ
ǽԶַҶ֪½֮ϣνţħĴ⣬ȻбȾŴʵǿĴڡ
Ȳ˵ʥأǽɽ֮磬ͲǾŴܹģǵҶ˵֮Ȼһ
꣬㣬ǽɽǷӵ򣿡
ĵ˵ͷɫЩ˵Ҳ֪ȻǽɽɽЩȴ֪Ҫ˵ңǸҲ֪ɽ֪û򣬵֪ɽ֮ڣڡ

һȻҶ첻֪жôǿ󣬵ǱǿĴڣʵһͬСɣɽȻǿ
һ̣ҶѾ쳣أ½֮ϲŻħĴţʵһЩ溺Ǵ½ϵĿŹһ㣬ʵЩνʥأɽе֮硣


386 ͵ػɱ
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һֱţƾҶ죬Ȼܹ˾һҪ˵ֻΪﵽһĽ꣬¾ҲκεĴ⡣
תͷĿһԶڴսĽףҶû˿ԥеսȻˣž콣նһĽꡣ
֪Ϊʲôһ̾Ȼ˿ķ֮ûУƺڶһɱԼ޷Խ蹵
û˿ҶľһܹɱΪﵽǿߣڸӲ˵ֻһһ
ֱӱն룬Ѫռ䣬ʮ֮УһľȻǽɽɽ꣬˭Ҳû뵽ġ
Ȼʵô˳˽⣬Ը䶯֣ԭ׳ȥһɽ޾׷ɱ
û뵽ǣɱ걻ɱ׾˷ƵĹţ֮ôʱûнŻɱΪһ
ɢޣ˾ͽϣΪɱˣǶܻǿ׷ɣƺ˺صơ
ڶ䣬˹ء
ʱ򣬾֮ģٴγ֣ȫͣȴԶ꣬ϵɱɢš
㾹ɱɽˣ
Ϊʲôңǿݣûа취ǴҾҪ
ܺã㾹Ȼɱ˽ɽˣôھȥɡ
˵֮󣬽϶ʱһɿֲϢķ֮˲ѹҶ죬һգ۵ʱ䣬֮ʧӰ١
ڶѾǱȫס֣͵ػɱ
֮ϵ˵ݺݵĿһǰĺ꣬׻סˣΪռڣһǿߣҲᱻ˲ɱ
ڶʮֻ֮ʣˣֱҶ죬ܣţᰣף׷ɣʥǿȫڣûһ䡣
Ҷǰɣɱ뿪ɽĻô㽫Զܵɽ׷ɱֱ
л𣿡
Ҷ죬̫ˣңڽɽ壬ɽһ֪


387 ֮·
ɽ֪Σ
ڽ˵ĻҶû˿ľȣΪǽ껹ǽףڽɽĵλͬСɣǰߣǽɽ
ԶַĻɽһһʱ֪ô㽣ɽ֪Ҳ֪˭ɵģѲɽ񻹻Զַ鷳
¸㣬Ǳ䣬ɽ治֪˭һ̣ӰѾһطص˽ɽŽɽ޾׷ɱɡ
꽣׵ĻҶ¶һ˿أȻ½ɽ׷ɱżֵܣź֪
ǲǺˣȻɱɽˣҪгֵ׼ܱϣܻľһ㡣
֮˽˶ԹʱԼȥڽеÿһ֮·ֻܹ뿪ԶַףǺˡ
ȵȣ߸ˣ˵ÿһ飬ǻһˣ
ûϵڿʼץΣ߸ϸ˿˭ץһô˾ͿԵжץΡ
˵֮ǰȻ߸ϸ˿Ҳû˿ĳɣȻǿߣԶַףһ˿׽ǻɱ
ץεĽȻǶץǸϸߣֻоԵ岻ܿƣ漴뿪˿ռ䡣
һڵͨϣҶ뽣ͬʱվһڵľʯϣöͬʱеȵǣ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼһ顣
ҽɽȻͬһ飬Ҷ죬֪ǲǺܲãģʱһʹ졣
ڽ׵вҶû˿⣬Ҫ˵һʥߣʥǿˣҲκεľ⡣
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˵ţҶȻͨϷһ֮ҵ֪ˣ»Ϊ˶ôҵһ㡣
Сӣ̫ˣ첻ɱ㣬Ĳݡ
˵֮󣬽׾Ҫ֣ȴڵľʯɢһڹ˻ȥͨǰһӰ
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ǰӾȻһʥ˵ɫЩȻû뵽һʥȻֻ֮·һռػߣôʥ֮Ĺжʥ
ǽһռ֮ãһռڣŸޣǷģҲֻǸոմﵽʮһ޻֮ʵеĿԸϰʥǿߡ
һռھȻŰʥޣҶ컹ǽף϶һ˿ЦȻҲһʥǿߣͬȼޣôذɡ
֮⣬һռڻǿ飬Щʵ࣬ףǺˣȫִܹһռľͷôʣ±Ƕ˵Ķսֻһ䣬Ǹ˲ͨ˵ǿף
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ãȻǶѾףڿʼסûнһռ䣬˭Ҳ֣ɱ顣
˵֮ģӰȻʧԶǿеɱ⣬߲Զ˵һᡣ
Բѣϣʱ㻹б˵⻰ࡣ
˵֮Ҷ첻ٿһֱۣӳԶͨȥһգ۵ʱʧͨľͷ׵ɫȴˡ
ʱ򣬽ϵһӺȻжʱһϲӣ˵°ݼ
ףΪʲô
ʱ򣬴ϴһϣ֮Դһ˿ŭ˵ǽɽɽһΪﵽ޵дڡ
΢΢һȻѾһʥǿߣǶڽɽɽȴһ˿η壬ƽ˵ɽǱһҶɱ


388 ʱǧ
Ҷ죿ҸղѾͨӰǸ꣬ɱʲôʵ
ƺѾﵽ֮
ʲô֮˵һΪֻǴﵽ֮ˣȻΪѾﵽ֮
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ٴһ׶ʱֵ˵ɽϢŭʱɱʱǸƺʹһн򽣹һ
˵ʲô򽣹һôܣѵ񺣲˵ԣ
û˵Ϊڽ񺣵飬һǽɽһĲֻսɽʵȻ޷񺣡
ȲҪˣһ֪ͨϣΥ뿪˽񺣣ôһξǳ񺣵ʱ
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ҶûȥʯκζΪʯм䣬һԲӣ༫ΪӢӡ
ս죬û뵽ʱǧ֮ǾȻٴμˡ
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ҶԼģʥǿߣҲԿ壬ǰˣֻģĿһ˿
ǿߣһʥϵĳǿߣǳҶĵһжϣĵڶжϣ˶ûκεɱ⡣
˼ʵڵ˵Ҳս죬İֻأҵֽҶ졣
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ˣҶļɵʥǿߣôǿҪɱֱ׾ٵ飬ҶҲû˿ĵǣֱԲ
ȻѾǵս죬Ƚһˣҽй麣Ǹ·ĽбףǸ·ģǷǵ䡣
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵ָûȤֻ֪˽ʲô⣬ϾҪμӵ
λǰ֪ʲô
ҲĨǣȻѾǵս죬һ죬ѣϣ㵽ʱҪԶַΪУɺã
麣ĻҶеһɻԼ㵽ʱѣʵҲﵽ۷֮ҪԶַȣֱǴȡ
ǰҶ첻֪ԶַǸʲôطôѾȫȲ˵ɱ¾ռ䣬˵Զַĵڶʥ֮Ĺ
治żһʥĹأиȻڵʥǿߣĳʵֵܹ
λǰҲ̫߿ˣҪԶַΪУҲûǸʵҶû˿ֱ˵е뷨
Ļ϶һ˿Цݣ麣˵ҪԷƱˣΪһΪֻǴﵽʾˣܹɱһʥƽˣȫµǶ˷ˡ
麣˵ĺܶԣ㱳ҲԲСơ
֮У·ı˵Ҷ׿˵ԼʵеɻѣӦþƳǣҶƳǲҪ˵Զַ־ްǰ֮䶼һп޵Ĵڰˡ
λǰ˵ĿƳǣ
Ƴǣʲôط
Ƴ֣϶¶һ˿ɻ󣬴˵ıҶѾף˿˵ԼԲʲôƳǡ
ȻƳǣôͲ֪λǰ˵ʲô
Ҷ죬Ƿ˵½֮ʥأ
ҡҡͷҶԺ֪½֮ʥأôɽض֮һ
ڸ㣬½֮ʥأһǽɽһǽ񺣣ǲµĲǴӽ񺣳ˡ
ʲôλǰ˼˵Ǵӽ񺣳ģ
˵ĻҶһ緭һ㣬Ͼֻ֪ԼҶҵʲô񺣣ֻǧǰսŻ֪


389 ֮Ĺ
ĵ˵ͷ麣˵ҲǵĲ²⣬ϾڻûѣҶ죬ϣܹӦǣպΪﵽʲôʵԶַΪС
麣ĻҶͷ˼Ҳû˵ʲôֻǺϵƣһ۲գĿǰĺꡣ
˵ĻҶȻ֪ʲô⣬ȴ˶ԼӦûʲô⣬ڵʵ˾Կ׽ɱ
˾Ȼ˵Լʥ֮һ뽣ɽĽ񺣣ȻҶ첻֪񺣵Ǹʲôط뽣ɽ²һ򵥵ĵط
ҵսƺԶַ֮һ˿Թ˼ս챻ѹƺҲԶַ顣
ҲΪˣ˺Լʱѣ飬ԶַΪУϾһѣܱȶһҪǿ
ͨЩҶҲûھȥĵ˵ͷ˵λǰҪҴӦҲⲻλ𡣡
ԡ
ӦԼ϶¶һ˿Цݣ麣ԥĴӦҶʵһ⣬˵Զַһӵ㣬һɱ¾ռ䣬ڶʥ֮Ĺڵȴû֪Ҫ֪Զַĵ㵽ʲô
⣬˵ɫһ麣Щε˵Ҷ죬ܻܲ⣬Զַǧ֪ΪԶַŹ涨ˣڡ
λǰģһὫ˵ȥΥԣ׺䶥ú
ûеȹ麣ѻ˵꣬ҶԣҲûƴǵȫû˵ֻ̾Ϣһ
ʱ֮һֱûп˵ķǵ˵ȻǾ͸㣬ϣԼԡ
ǵ˵꣬麣ſ˵Զַһӵ㣬һɱ¾ռ䣬Ѿڶʥ֮ĹҲΪ㡣
ҲΪ㣿
µǴҶϣΪʥ֮Ĺ󣬷˼һʥĹأھȻֻǵһ㡣
ֱһʥĹأԼʥĹأʥĹأԼǧʥĹأʥʥ۷Ĺأһӵ߰ٸҡ
ʲô
Ҷ쳹ˣһʥĹأǧʥĹأʥʥ۷Ĺض߰ٶ
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Ҷ֪Զַʵ״ﵽʲôľ磬ôʥԺɨ½ˡ
ƺеɻ󣬹麣ЦЦ˵㲻þȣЩʥѾ䣬ֻҲûмǵʥ֮ģȴǸ
ҶĲǷһЩΪʥǿߣȥ֮Ҫֻ֮һĸʡ
Ϊﵽʥ֮ôԶַһƣ֮ԶַԶʥ뵽Զַתֻأȵ
˵ԶַЩʥĹأܶʵҲܶ࣬еʥֻسɹôʥıʧʵԶַĵʲôطڿԸ㣬ֽ֮Ĺ
֮Ĺ
ĸ֣Ҷ췴û˿ľȣʵѲµԶַĵڶ㶼ʥ֮ĹôǸһ֮ĹֻҪȷһ¶ѡ
ڶ⣬λǰǷ˵
Ѳ֮ҲжԹ
ҶĻʵϸеһ˿ȣҶҲû˿ֱӰѹڶܵһһʮ˵˳
ȵȫ˵꣬˶Ե˵ͷ麣˵ͬСɣʥҲ֣ղ˵ҪǸ˻ûдﵽ֮㱻õҲֻͼ˼֮С
ǰ֪˼ʲô
ܵͣһΪĸȼ˼ؼ켶񼶣˼ĵӦʥ𣬵ؼ񼶱켶пˣ񼶣򡣡
ҶʱһɣʵҲ뵽ܵĸ׻ûдﵽ񼶱𣬾㱻ץסҲֻѹ˼
˼ĵһʥǿߣȵѣΪ׻ָ۷֮Ҷ㹻Ĵ˼õܸ׵ꡣ
Ҷ죬Ȼ˼ʵôҶ˼ôͻеؼ鷳滹켶ҿȷ㣬㱳Ľ񺣳֣δǻĶ֣Ҫһн


390 ر
лǰһ⣬Ϊﵽ֮ʥģȻʥĿԴﵽʥ֮ǲһͻֹڴˣ
Ҷĵ⣬û¶һ˿һ麣Ц˵ȻѾ֪ΪʲôҪǡ
֪ˣȻμӵ
ҪɱǸɽİʥɣ
ĵ˵ͷҶû˿ΪԶַڵһУҪûã󷽷˵
Ҷ죬һҪһ䣬ɽǽ񺣲·ǵԣɱ˽ɽɽµ뿪ԶַɽŹ㡣
ŹңǾɡ
˵֮ҶӰʱʧʯڣѾ뿪ĺ꣬˵϶¶һ˿أղŵıȫͬ
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˭Ҳ޷֪Ѿһأ֪սǽ񺣵ˣҲ֣ɽġ
Խɽʵǽ񺣵Ķ֣Ҷţ񺣿ǿȻĴڡ
СƺŶԹʱսǱ벶ȸں󡣡
һΣҶûٱͻصͨڣֱӳһռڲһռһСĴ½ֻǺɫİˡ
Ȼﲻ֮ӵڤʣҲһѡֻǲ֪Ǹ϶ʲôط
Ҷ뽣ɽĽ׷ֵһ飬Ҳ˵ֻ֮һ˿ԻţҲ˵
ɱһʥǿߵĸоӦûܺá
߶һ䣬ҶٵĳǰȥҪͨͱﵽһռľͷ֪ռ䵽ж
Ҷ컹û߶ãһֻ˼޵ӥȻӥʵôٶȴ쳣¡
ӥҶ죬ҲǵùˣΪ翲ҶٶȲҪ˵֮УҲʤ
ʵҶΪԴӴﵽ֮󣬱ս¼֮ѧһŹٶȵľѧӰΣҶȴһֱû
ҶҲûмŸ·ֻ˼޵ӥٶȣҶ첻òӥٶ֮죬ô֡
ѾʧӥҶļΪƣƽʱԼٶȺģȴһֻ˼ʤ
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䣬ҶӰʱʧԭأֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷǰ֮һ֮ϡ
ʮһ۷޻ʴرܡ
Զһͷ׶ߣȫëյĺܣҶ΢΢һرܣʮһ޻۷徳磬Ⱦһ壬Ҷ֪ڴرܵһС
ǵҶ쿴رܶʱҶȻЦˣԩ·խȻ֮ͼĳˣҲͬһĽɽʥǿ߽ס
һǧûм̫࣬ˣ࣬Ҫ㡣
رֿܴ쳹أĽȴһأô˵ȻرܵΪֻǴﵽʮһ۷޻֮֮仹Ų࣬ǴرܵʵȴСơ
ҹȥҿԴӦһ顣
ɵ࣬Ȼһʥǿߣҷ˹ǰ
ߣǴԲѣһֻСС޻ʣȻҲǰҪҪ£ƾ㣿
˵֮󣬽׸ûȥǰޣһתֱӳǰȥһռޱȣҪҵҶֱϼѡ
һ뵽ҶпǴӽ񺣳׾йɲõԤУϾɽ뽣ȣ֮Ĳ
Ҷ컹ɱȻղŽɽɽûйԼǽֻҪԼɱҶ죬ôȵصɽʱ򣬾㲻ҲѲƤ
ߣȴߣһһֻΪﵽʮһ۷徳޻ʣرŭһֻصֱӳȥ
ɫʱ䣬׶ܻǺܼɵģԸ֮Կٴһת׶㿪رܵĹٶٴμӿ졣
ҵĵ̾ȻߣʶһҸոľдرѡ
˵֮󣬴رӺȻǣת֮һֻʮ׸ߵĳܣϱһɾ˵ܷӿȥ


391 һһ
ŴرɢĿֲϢԶҶ춼еһ˿𾪣ӲҪ˵׼뿪Ľס
ȻֻǴﵽʮһ۷֮ʵȴܹʥǿߣķ֮İʥǿߡ
һ뵽رֲܿʵ׾йθУޱͱһԽУͬȼµޣһ㶼ʵȽǿһ¡
رܵʵȣôȥһȽͷڸ·
Щ׷뿪ˣŴرɢĿֲϢгһ߳߳
첻ɱ㣬Ĳݡ
˵֮һɸ翵Ϣ˲ɢǰʥǿߵ֮޳Ǵﵽʮʥ֮磬֮Ȼް취
ģ֮һҪɱࡣ
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ߣһֻССıܣȻҲսҵţֱ
ݺݵĵһ۲ԶĴرܣʵҲЩȣһֻʮһ۷޻ʣȻˣȷЩ˼顣
Ϊﶼÿһȼ֮ĲǾ޴ģ۷һ֮䣬һʹõԪ֮һʹõâ֮
ȻԪ֮âֻ֮һ֮еĲȴޱȵľ޴ΪҪڵԪ֮תΪâ֮ҪɹԼ׽١
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ʱҶѾ˽ǰǰѾ˵ߣҶ첢û֣ʵҺ㡣
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ҶĻʱý׸еһ˿ȣҶʹ򽣹һʱҲǾһѾ϶Ҷضǽ񺣵ˡ
Ϊɽÿһﶼ֪򽣹һǽ񺣵Ķžѧ˽񺣵ˣǽʥ֮һĽɽͬᡣ
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˴ʥѹ㣿경ֻأ
ҶĻΪﵽʥ֮ĽףҲ¶һ˿ȣʵʱΪѾﵽʥ֮
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֮ǰһжޣǰ꣬Ȼ֮ս˴ʥʲôʵ׼ֱţΪҲﵽʥ磬ʵֻﵽʲôĵز



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392 
ǿе𺳣ףǰûƭһ뵽һҪ˴ʥѹиеһ˿š
˵Ĵڣʵǿأǻʥڶǡ
ǰߵĻҶ첢û˵ֻվԭؾţΪһоƺЩ֮еô򵥡
½ǰûнɽֻн񺣣ֻǵ񺣵ĿߣһΪﵽ֮ǰĵӣ뿪˽񺣣Լ˽ɽ
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׵ĻҶжʱ󾪣Ϊû˵֮Уһ֮ǰֻ֪񾳽ߵĿꡣ
ʵĲҶ֪ˣʵ֮ϣ󾳽磬ֱԼ֮ϵ
֮ҶֱԿ϶ԱӿֲΪ񺣵Ŀߣʵ᲻С
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ҶȻû˵׼˵½֮ϣһ˵ʣֱʥأԼ񺣵Ŀߡ
ϢҶû˿еȣϾڴ½֮ϣʵҪطΪǿڽɽ֮磬»ǿ
꿪񺣵֪ȥȴΪ˽λô֣һӣҲǽ񺣵Ŀһŭ֮뿪˽񺣡
ҶѾ֪ɽ뽣֮Ĺϵˣϸ˵ɽʵǽ񺣵һ֧
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ҶףΪʲôոյ˻н׶ΪԼǽ񺣵ˣԭΪԼǬĵ򽣹һ
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죬ҵ׽ټû뵽ĸµʱ䣬Ѿﵽ֮ԶַȻͬ
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393 תǳ
ת۶ţҶ֮û뿪ɽһôģϾ׽٣ޱȡ
˫Ȼ˲Ҷû˿ı飬һλǧɮһ㣬ôĲˮ
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ҶţԼ׽û˿ĵǣΪӵ׵֮壬һ
ûҶǰ뵽󷨣ƾ󷨵ټս񽣣ڵ׵֮壬׽Ӧⲻ
ȥ󷨣ƺս¼֮Уһתǳɡ
뵽Ҷٵ뿪ɽһտƽԭ֮ϣ˿֮ϵƣٿԼһǿã
ҶȡſϾʯǵ׶޸Ľֵָ֮ģʱһҲʵҶһ
ΪҶ췢֣ǧ׶µĲƸһ֣챦ܶ඼Ƕһ޶ġ
ſϾʯȻ˵䣬Ҷڲþתǳ˵ûбϾʯʵˡ
ս¼֮еתǳ뱱޼ȴҪʤһתǳԾ֮ϵľſǳΪۣǳµһ
ſǳֱǣǣǣǣǣţǣǣſǳֱԾŸλΪۡ
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˵֮Ҷٴȡ߿Ͼʯֱࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡǷλС
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Ҷûоѣ׵֮壬һһε׽٣Ȼһγһ޴׽١
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תǳת˳תһ˳һ棬ʹ󷨿ƺһ޴Ĺһ㡣
üһ漴ս񽣳УҶ쿴һеս񽣣յĸӽһЩ֪޵õģֱڻûоѡ
ʥĲһҲ߱û˿ĻܹΪܹ꣬ʥȴһ
ʥģҲܹһʮ֮ڴﵽʥ֮߻Ҫﵽߵľ֮ĻôþԲܣصתһ˿Ƴ
Եսڵõöʥĵ£ûнǽöʥȫ飬Ҳʹ˶սһ˿⡣
һ£ʥôĺôôԶַ֮֮ʥģŸӶǿ߽룬νԶַȴֻöʥǿߣѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
ս񽣣漴ս׳ҶϣʱħӡȻǳ֮ڣΧҶ壬зλһΰڿʹҶиеޱȡ
ʱЩʱȻҶžԵĶɹ׽٣׽ٺΪһǧҲֻһѡ


394 ն
֮ϵƺƴһֱһһҹƲֹ֮ͣ
ÿֲ׽٣ܹɹ׽٣¾㱾һʵʱ֮ҲҲˡ
ѹƾʵʵնɱʥԭˡ
׽֮⣬֮ƯӣǲǰҶˣ麣ףǵ䣬˿֮׽٣еһ˿ȡ
׽ٵһĽ׺Ȼ˫̧ۣͷԶľ֮ϣͬ¶һ˿𺳡
ÿֲ׽٣û뵽̶̼µʱ䣬Ѿﵽ˸߶ȡ
˵֮󣬽±˫ۣȴûз֣ԶĴ֮Уֻñ˫ע
磬ƺһʥǿߣµʱֶĶ֡
֪־Լ磬ʥǿôˣˣҾͲֻɱ
϶ϳ֣ǶҪ˻ɱʱǹǹȥ
ֻŲԶĽȥֻǶؼܺĶۻǣֻۻǶԴﵽʮһ޻֮
ȻֻۻֻǸոմﵽʮһ磬޻ֻ֣ۻµĶۻþ¾Ϊﵽʮһ۷޻ʶҪԿ
ûˣô޻ôǿҲԲðʥǿߵϣȻʥʥǿߣѾܹ֮İʥǿߣԿԻɱ޻ʣ޻۷ҲС
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رҲֻʮһ޻ʣȻ޻۷壬ȻһʥǿߣΪرܵ츳ãķǾҲ£һһϾѧرѡ
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ôҲģȵҪȥǵֵܣӦøеˡ
һʥǿߣֵȫҲҪһµ֡


395 ɱ¾
ǴĻ䣬ֻӻһ⳯ǰȥϿֲϢֱӺޱɢţҪΪԼֵܱ
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һĺʱһռ䣬岻ϵĲţǴûһԼֵܾȻȥ
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޵УǿΪĹӸٹֻ̣ҪʵԳưԣûʵôԲֻ׸

ǴûнʲôΪǰԼˣϲ˽ͣԸʹޣҽƱ磬ôȴ³ֻһ
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ģһʥĳǿߣǧ֮ǰɱ¾ɱ¾뽣ճɾͽʥ֮λ
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жʱһȻѾµǰʥԼλʦ֮ųԹȴû뵽ֻʥȻҪɽΪС
û˿ĳɣ˳ݺݵĳǰնȥûκεֱתȥ
һʮʥĳǿߣΪѾﵽ˰ʥ֮ķ֮ȴȻû˿Ļʤܣֻһ취Ǿ롣
Ϊܹӳҵ𣿡


396 
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ʱһǧ׳׿׵磬ݺݵĳ·ٶ֮죬翲ǧ֮һ
ǧ׵˲ػıϣû˿ֱӱ׽Ӱ١
ǧ׵֮˿˿ûмٴκݺݵľתǳϣȻûеֵס׵Ĺתǳ˲䱻߰˰ˡ
Ҷٸû˿⣬Ͼ󷨶ڵ˵ȻЩ鷳ȴ޹ؽҪ
еս񽣣ħӡǿҶȻѡһٴʹħӡҲͬʱâֱ׽١
һգ۵ʱ䣬׽ҶľһݺݵײһħӡâֱӼ׵֮ϡ
һռƺһ£׽ҲʼȥʼգҶûбΪ㹻ǿܹɹԼ׽١
ž֮ϵʧռ䣬Ҷı˫ۣΪɹԼ׽٣ΪҲﵽһ֮
Ϊﵽһ֮ҶڵԪ֮ٵתţֻһĹڵԪ֮ѾȫתΪâ֮
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ʱҶ¶һ˿ϲΪڵоȻʼںϣоһγһȫµ壬Ҷʱ֮Ϊս
оȫںʱսγɵһ𣬲֪ΪʲôҶоԼһ̺Ȼһǿʵƺ涼һս
ָоǲ
̾˵һҶûٳɣתߵħӡٵĳǰȥԶĿռ֮УȻһӣ󻹸һͷۻǡ
ʵҪƺЩѡ
ӿѾȥ꣬һ˿˵ƺһԼϲƷһ㣬ȴЩ֡
ˣֻһССһ𣬾ʵǿ㣬Ҳ޷뿪ռɡ
ߡ
Ǵû˵ֻ꣬ǰһߣֱŵֻʮһ޻ǿߵڵأɫѾĲ԰ޱȡ
ʵȻȻֻǸոնɹ׽٣֮ȴǿޱȣңҲˣܹǳɹʱұռ뿪ռ䡣
Ӣ
һ̣ǰ˵ǵأ죬Ҳκε飬ӵĮĿһĶۻǣ˵ȥʵ
ǡ
û˿飬ǴվֱʧԭأڶۻһССһһ㡣
ô֮ĲһԽĺ蹵ȻΪոմﵽʮһ磬ҪԸһȴǴ´ˡ
ǧˣǧˣҼ˵ڶ֮˸ߵˣǧǰǸսȻֻʾ磬ȴܹң𡣡
̶̰ʱҶѾǧ֮⣬һռľͷƺʮǧٶȣҪеһռľͷҲҪʮʱ䡣
Ǹոնɹ׽ٵСӣ
ʱһűĵȻۻǳǰϵɱ˿š
ʲôˣ
ǰͷۻϵɱҶҲʱһΪѾ֣ǰȻֵĶۻǣȻһֻΪﵽʮһ޻ʡ
ƾ㻹֪ҵ֣ڸ·һԸңڶѡһ

ۻǵĻҶʱЦƺЦһ㣬Щ˵ƾһֻССĳǣҲңǿЦ

䣬ۻǻһӰǰȥֲϢֱѹҶ죬޻ʵǺֲܿģһܱġ
üһս漴ֻҪһս񽣣Ҷһʵ֣еĸоƺǰ޻ǰҲֵһᡣ
նһһʱۻײһ䣬Ҷʱɷ֮֮Զס
ʮһ޻ǿߣս׵ĻһжۻǾˡ


397 һ
ֳӰۻǵʵû뵽һСС𣬾ȻԵֵסһУܵˡ
û뵽ȻԵֵסҵһУòϣǿ󣬵Ҫסʼϣھǰֻܽ
ˣϣǿЦϲС
ȻѾɹ׽٣ΪҲѾﵽһ֮ҶԼһֻʮһ޻֮Ĳࡣ
ʹս񽣣Ҳܻɱһֻ޻ʣܹɹ׽٣Ϊﵽ֮˵ʱԻɱһֻ޻ʡ
ջеս񽣣Ҷ֮ȥħӡֱǷӡӡӡӡӡԴӵõħӡ˶׽ħӡԶ֣Ҷһֱûʹù
нӡħӡٵת漴âȻ䣬Ȼγһħӡ
ħӡܡ
ǰкȻֵħӡۻɫ䣬û뵽оȻһһħӡ

ۻǵĻҶҲʱһȻӱΪħ֮µһˣħӡħʥеõħӡȴ֪ħӡȻһ
ǿסеĺ棬Ҷеħӡٱֻתʱ䣬ղŻССħӡѾа֮ħӡ
ҲҪ˭УһֻҲͬϡ
˵֮󣬶ۻٴλһǣٵĳǰĺȥϵѹֱѹ꣬ΪϵѹѹһСС
жʱЦһҶ߳һֻʮһ۷޻׶ޣұͬһֻʮһ޻ʽ
µǣ֮Ҳһֻʮһ۷޻ս۷޻һ֣ʱѹѹĶۻǡ
޻ʣôܡ
޻ʳֵһ̣ۻǵͣסȻȻҲ޻ʣȴֻǸոմﵽʮһ硣
Ȼֵֻ޻ʣȻΪﵽʮһ۷޻ʣҪ˵ֻеһֻδ֡
žʧ޻ʣҶû˿ԥ֮еİ״ħӡŵϵ޻ʺݺݵȥħӡϻһ˿˿ֲϢ
ꡭ
һ΢ħӡ֮дֻ״ħӡ˲ΪСħӡٴλصҶۻȴħӡѹһࡣ
ҿүħӡȻѶۻǶֱѹˡ
һĶۻǣݺݵһԼĿˮȻۻǲĶ֣ҪɱԷȴҲһ๦
ԼСˣһ̬һʵȻֱӻɱһֻΪﵽʮһ޻ʣ˵ȥԲš
˿еħӡڿԶѾһĶۻǣҶҲһ˿𺳣ȻףղԼֻԼֻʹħӡʮ֮һȻܹɱһֻ޻ʡ
Ҳû뵽ӡħʥħӡȻӡһ֮󣬿ħӡ֮жǱȽǿһְɡ
ˣʲôط
Ȼ޻Զַޣֻڵһɱ¾ռڣڵڶʥ֮ĹһУ޻ʸһ֪
ҶҲû˿ֱӰʥ֮Ĺһȫ˵˳Լ׽٣ҶҲû˿
ջǵ͹ʵʵҸеܾϲ
ʱһ翵ӰȻһǰһӣͷ֮һʺ֡
Ҷе𾪵ǣϾȻһˣһߣǰĽɽϣһΪﵽʥ֮ķ֮Ľס
ܹһķ֮ǿߺ޵ֵ֮ʮа˾һǿʥ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾжϳǰȻֵ˵ʵһ뵽ʥ֣Ҷ͸еһΣѾʥģ֮ʥѾվ½ϵ۷塣
Ǻˣ
ˣһֻʥ
ĴҶʱ¶һ˿ȣʮʥͬȼ֮У޵еĴڣҪ˵ǣһʥǿҲԸһֻΪﵽʮʥΪС
Ҳҽˣһռڵʥ֮һҵֽոѹֻСǣҵ£Ȼɱҵ£ôɱ˳ǷծǮӦ飬ɱ㣬Ӧûɣ


398 ռ
ȥĺ꾫ĲͷʲôҲǼ˵ǲ֪

ûеȽѻ˵꣬һɿֲ֮ʱֱӽˣ׶׼֣ͬҲһɿֲϢˡ
ȫס֡
ûеӳ֣ʮһ۷޻ʱ㱻ˣһ֮£ҶѾ־Լ޻ʣҲǰӵĶ֡
޻ûٶ˵ʲôΪҲ֪ԼǰӲжô󣬱Ͼ޻ʥ֮ĲǾ޴ġ
ûв´ıӦǾİħɡ
ĵ˵ͷӵ¶һ˿ЦݣûΪǰ³ԼıκεľȣϾһϡ
ഫǧǰ½ϳһֻİħû뵽ȻԶַ˼
˵ңãƾһ䣬ȵһȫʬ
ƾ㣿
ôѵǰ֣
Ҷû˵޻ʶʱʧԭأֱӽս֮УԼȴȻʧԭأֻһȵӡ
ȻʧˣȤ
ҶĺȻʧû˿еŭΪһֻʮʥһССܹӵȥ
һʱ֮󣬻ٴγԭأɫѾû˸ղŵĳȣѲ˷ŭϵɱֱӸ˷Բĵط
⵽ô£أ
޾Ĳŭֱ죬ѾǲˣԼѾû˷ŭˣƺֻǧǰ뽣һս֮У˷ŭȴһСС˷ŭ
һֻм׵СͿռڣҶɫЩ̲סľϲΪһ̾Լĵ֮УȻֻм״С
֪ߴﵽߣͻԼĵ֮УԴһ˵Ҳһռ䡣
ߵĵֻܴ洢ҶԴӶɹ׽٣ΪﵽһڵоҲ֮ȫںϡ
ʱҶȻһϲԼĵȻںϺоӲĿٳһ׵Ŀռ䡣
ҶӾϲķ֣ռΪռҲ𽥱󣬶ҪҲ뵤֮ڣΪܹﵽ֮
һʱȥˣҶȻûдҪȥʱܹܵǸνʥռѰԼ
һʱʱʱ
תۼѹһɽ֮ϣһ첱Ӵֵˣ˫֮еʮָݺݵţ̽ԼҲȻ֪
⵽ô£ΪʲôǸ˻ȻʧΪʲô
ڣֻΪﵽʮʥ֮ľİħֱҪˣ㵱뽣һսҲû˹
ǲǺҲң
ʱ򣬻ȻһȻתĶźȻֵĺ꣬ʵôģ
ΪʲôҪ㣿һɡ
ãܺãܿһҲ뿪ģȻˣ°ɡ
һɿֱֲ֮ǰ꣬ʥʥһֻҪΪﵽʮ֮ôҪ֮
ţԼ֮ΧڣҪ˵һСС𣬾һռһҲװѡ
ʱ򡭡
Ŀǰĺٴʧһǽңôأ
ܣⲻܣʥԲǿߣ٣ûܹҵƤӵߣ⵽ʲô£
һ̣ױסˣΪ黹ǵһηһȻһֻʥƤӵʧҪ˵ȥûһ˻š
Ȱ㻹ǲҪ׷ˣƾ޷ҵҡ
ʱ򣬸ոʧҶٴγɽ֮ϣλûٳ֣ΪѾţΪѾﵽʥ֮Ҳץǰꡣ
ܸܲң㵽ôģ
ܡ
㡭
һŭĵǰĺ꣬Ǹͨ޲ȥƤʬ
ǿԼ侲ʱҶȴȻʵ뽣ɽг𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҲû˿Ͼ뽣ɽ֮ĶԹ½ϻ֪ҪǽģҲôһռǧȥ
ڻĻشҶûиеһ˿ȣΪǰŽ׵ʱ򣬾Ѿµֻʥп뽣ɽųԹһ֮¹Ȼˣҿ֮ĳԹС


399 Э
Ƿ˵ɽһλŽģ
ûС
ڽɽҶҲǽԶַһ˵ʲôʥأ֮磬ǵһ˵ԶڽɽĽģһ֪
ǧǰҸոմﵽʮʥ֮֮ϲеһŮӣǸŮȴϲһߡ
ģǳҶеĵһˣԭΪһŮӶҶε̾̾ѹ
µûдǸ߾ǽɽĽģģʮΪۣʮɾͽʮͻƽ棬ʮﵽʣʮ꣬Ǵﵽ˰ʥ֮ʱΪֻǸոմﵽʥ֮ҵĶ֡
˵λʮʥ΢΢ͷڵʼ˵Ϊ˵õϲˣԼһս֪һʥһʥ֮Ĳ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶʥ߾ǿҲʤһʥΪʥܹ֮һʥġ
ʵܹķ֮֮һս˭˭Ӯȷʥ֮޵еΪʥĵԵʡ
ʱҲôģ㽣ôݺᣬϾֻһΪﵽʥĽߣҵĶ֣Ľȴ˵ϡ
ˡ
Ļո˵꣬ҶشƺûκεĿǣΪ֤һսǽʤˡ
һǽˣô֮ĶԹɢһֱڻڶˣôҲңˡ
һսˣĲǽɽǧһԴһ֮µһ
֮µһ
øߵۣҶҲɽĽģȻ԰ʥ֮սʤһֻʮʥ뵱Լսƺ
Ϊʲô
һսһҵʥģʱѾˣȴҽԶַԶĽǧˡ
ɱңȻռҵ뿪𣿡
ĵ˵ͷʻû˿ΪѾ֪Լʵ޷ץסꡣ
ûǧܶǿߣȴֻһս֮߷ҵҪ󣬵ǸսȻֻǴﵽʾ磬ʵ֮ǿҲ˿ûаսʤ
ս죿
Ҷʵû뵽˵ǸˣȻԼҲǵ걻Ϊʥ֮µһ˵սʡ
и취뿪֪ԸԸ⣿
ģ
ǰĻ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲһռѾǧˣζ뿪Ҫҵһܸߵȴϼѣò׷һʵǿһܵǿ
а취뿪
û
ʲô취
ǩԼҵĽָռڣȻұԴ뿪Σ
Ρ
ûе˵꣬ɫʱ䣬һŭĺһõʥΪޣֱɱ˾ÿɺޡ
ˣң
ΪǾ͵û˵
˵֮Ҷûٿǰһۣת׼ȥʱ򣬻ס˵һƽԼԴ뿪ʱҿ԰һΣ֮½ԶԣԼֻάһʱ䣬Ӧ㿼ǰɡ
ãҴӦ㡣
ĻҶû˿ԥӦǴһ˿ϲΪȵ뿪Զַ󣬱Ҫ׼ɽʱƾʵټ޻ʺһֻʥŵʥǿ֣߳Ҳû˿ľ⡣
Ȼֻһʱ䣬ֻܳһΣԼ˵ѾˣʱֻҪСˮѾ㹻ˡ
󻢰ԼǩҶ죬˸ԵγһαѪαѪٵںһȻٴηֿԻصڡ
һ̣ҶԺ֮кȻһ˿Ϣǻ֮Լոպһʱ䣬Ҷ첻ò
Ȼھ뿪ɡ
ѾɱôڶԼ˵ֻҪȫֵһռͨ˵һʥߣҪֵһռֱһ׾ٵ顣
ȵȵȣȻҪ뿪ˣڵ죬Σ
Ϊʲô
һռһʥߣ֮⣬һͷЩԹҪƾɱ


400 ͷһ
ʮʥͷ
ӵĻҶʱһΪս¼֮УżҳרŽؼĸޣойھͷĽܡ
ͷޣʮ澳磬Ҿͷ츳Ҫɱܹſͷȫɱͷǲ֮
ұĽǧʱȥˣֻͷŲ֮ңȻӵͨǾԿԽɱ
Ҷ˵ͨԼĵռ䣬Լռ䣬Ҷȴźǿš
ֻҪԼռڣҶţʱҪ˵ʮʥʮҲҵԼ
ȻܹþͷҲңƾҵʵҪɱһֻʮʥȴܡ
Ѿãʱһ;ͷһսֻҪ˻ħУȻͷһֻʥڲע£ħӡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˵ʲôħӡǿﻹǺģڸղţħӡһֻ޻ʡ
˿ٵʧʱ˳һˮ̶ǰˮ̶м״󣬶ˮ̶ˮȻȫһƬɢһɹɶĵĳζ
Ǻ̶
Ǿͷסĵطȶʱٳ֡
ĵ˵ͷҶٴζԼĵ֮Уʱ̶ĺˮʼҵĲ
һˮݲϵķţ̶ֳ֮룬ſм״ͷ­Ȼˮ˳ʮֻ۾ĶǰӣغȻҵĺ̶ѵ밤ˡ

Цʲô
Ц죬ֱ֪͸ǧ꣬ҾҪ˶ϣûңû㡣
˵֮󣬻Ȼ俪ʼͣתڼһֻ׶೤İɫϻǾİħı塣
ͷҲûκεĳɣȻ丶ˮ棬һȥмǧ׵ľ޴ƺһɽƵġ
ܿͷֻмʮ׵ӣſͷʮֻ۾Ŀǰľİħʥ໥š
䡭
ʥ໥ݺݵײţ̶ʥǱֱֲӽ̶ϴһ顣
ǧȥˣʵ㳢һҵľͷһ
ͷϾѧǽŸͷһͷҲǾĺᣬһѪһ֣ʵǿޱȡ
ʱ򣬾ͷľſͷ˲һγһ˶ͷ­ʮֻ۾ȴûʧǳͷ­
ʱ̣֮ϺȻһм״СӡǶڵռҶ죬׼ʱžͷʹͷһȻʹħӡ
ħӡ
ͷһ̳׾ˣΪеľȫǰĶϣû뵽˾ȻҶ֡
Ϊһռڣİħ⣬ҲûеλʥǿߣԳ˾İħ⣬޻۷޶Ҷ֡
䡭
޴ħӡͷκδϢĻᣬֱȥû˿ħӡٶȼޱȣͷҲˡ
ꡭ
ǵͷͷֱӱҳϡãħӡʧʱ򣬻ٴγˣֱӽͷȫ顣
һһ޵ĺ£һֻΪﵽʮʥԵ޹ʵıɱˣҴͷβͷ֪˭ɱԼ
֮ĳԹСȻ֮ɢˡ
ҶӰȻں̶ߣѾɱʥҶû¶˿ƺһֻ޻ʵ΢ġ
ʮǰһռ֮еõһöݣΨһһлͻʮ֮ͷȴû뵽ļһƻˣ˵ǲҵˡ
ݣ
䣬Ҷ쵱Ȼ֪ݣڼ֮صһ䣬ܹ죬֮󣬵ȷʮʥͻƵʮ֮
ѹ־İħҪɱͷԼͻ֮ʱƻҲᷢġ
һɱ˾ͷΪ˸л㣬ҳһΣһ֮ڣֻҪ㵽ͷʱ̣ҶԳġ
лл
ˣѾɱ˾ͷǻǸϿ뿪ɡ
֪һռľͷ𣿡
֪ߣ뿪һռ䡣
˵֮˵ӰʱʧԭأԶȥ˵ٶޱȣһգ۵ʱѾʧں̶ľͷ


401 ֮
һ޴ĹڣҶ죬ܣźվڴ룬һ߸˲μӵ˶ǵ⣬˷ֳбԡ
Ҷ뽣ɽһ棬ڿ׷һ飬һǵ֮Ľɢ޷ʤֻˡ
ϲλͨؿ飬ķݽÿһݡ
Ȼڴ֮У֮жһƿӣƿһЩɫҺ壬ˮɢһ˿˿
ÿ϶ʮı̺Ȫˮ֮󣬿ǵΪ˲һȼĸ˽ᱻͳȥллԶַǧ֮ټ
˵֮󣬸˵ĵâֱ˵壬ֻоԼΪﵽʥ֮Ľᰶû˿ĵֵ
ǰһе÷϶¶һ˿𺳣ʮ߽Զַܹȴֻˣʲô
ߣ˵õͨؿԺսʥģھȻֱӽ˲Ƴֱ̫ˡ
ŶܵĻҶ֮⣬ʥǿ߶Ǻݺݵĵһۣսʥǿߣ֪ģΪǸɵӡ
ŵǰɣ
֪ʲô顣
ǰ꣬ﻹǺܿصģȻֻһ𣬵ܹ뿪ԶַѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
ǰŵˮŵСˮʱ飿
Ҳ֪Сˮ飿
ĵ˵ͷᰲûж룬ΪΪ½һţǱΪǧһٶޱȡ
񲻵ʮ죬ΪǴﵽ۷壬ȵˮŵСˮ֮пռ⣬ٳʱ򣬱Ѿһǿˡ
ҪǣŵλΪﵽ֮⣬λΪǸոմﵽ֮
ڶʮ֮ǰܹﵽ֮ȷĴڣ˲֪һˣֻǸոնʮ꣬ΪȴѾﵽ֮
ҶԼΪȥ֪˻ô룬Ҳûѹûжǽɱ¾ռ꣬ҲΪ֮졣
Զַ˰ʱ䣬ʱ䣬СˮӦûµʱ䣬Ҳˣʱ䣬ͣʱϷд㣬Σ
лǰ֮һȥģʱҪǰա
ãһԺ
˵֮᰸ûк˴кֱ뿪ˣȻ֮֮䲢ûʲôԹŸ֮κε
ڶܣȻڵĶѾһ棬һʥǿǰȻǿҶ;Ѿﵽ֮Ҳ˵ʲô
֪Ҷ֮ԺţȥϲСˮĻȥӣ֪᰻᲻
Ҷ죬Ҳ뿪ˣʱ䣬ӭȥ֮翴
һġ
ڽŵ룬Ҷû˿Ƴ٣ΪҶڵ֮绹Ǻܺģĵ˵ͷҲٵ뿪ˡ
÷⣬ֻʣҶܶˣ˭Ҳû˵ֻĶǰĳԶַʧ
´磬Ҹһ£ҪӦңΪﵽʥ֮Բܳ嶯

ҶĻܶʱеһ˿ȣȻҶֻǽӴ˰ʱ䣬Ƕޱȵȴһ˿˽⡣
һ£ǲȰģΪҶ֮ʵһֿսˡ
˵ɣҴӦ㣬ֻҪΪﵽʥ֮磬һ嶯
ܵı֤ҶһΪӽе֪˻һֵǾǵһֵһλʥ
ҶŻ˵ΪܵΪﵽʥĻôҵ⴦ֵҲ
Ҵӽе֪һĵַ
ֻһ仰ܶʱľһ㣬ֱ˵ʮˣʮˣԴĸױϮԺ󣬸׵ͱ͵˻
ѰʮĵַΪ½صһʵһֵҲ޷ҵ
ȴûзԶܱĸӿʵҪﵽߵľ磬ս֮Уÿһεĥʵܲ
ʮѾȥΪҲѾﵽ澳磬Ҷ첻˵ҲѰһĵַȳԼĸס


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ڴˣ˵ƾ־һɱǾƾ־ҪɱһԶʶһ¾İħһʵ
䣬һǣֱӳǰȥ츳Ǿİħһ壬ǿӲȻһ壬Ҳ޼
ҪӲеĳһ
۷еջû˵꣬۷еĳѾݺݵ˻ϣһҽУʱѪֱ
ħӡ
ʱҶȻʹеħӡΪƾԼʵһʥԲǿߵĶ֡
һֱѰŻᣬǵȵ۷뻢սʱ̣ʹħӡҵ۷죬Ͼħӡһ
״Сħӡû˿ƫƫе˵۷ϣһѪ³۷תݺݵĿһ׼ֵʱѾ˵Ļٴγˡ
Ҷ죬ңպҼ㣬һɱ㣬ǽ񺣵Ҳסˡ
Ĳʧ۷ӰҲʧ˾¥ڣյҲ۷ߣҶܹܵˡ
ԴӵʦһҶѾյ˸һ㣬ûʦܽڵо
ģʥԲǿߵȷҵı嶼㱻飬Ȼ
۷ʦ£׷ĺҲҪ׷㡱˵֮ҶߵĻֱƮ첽չȥĵ۷׷ȥ
Ҷ죬ǲʵ


408 Ǵ
Ļû˵꣬ҶӰʧ̾ϢһȻ׷ȥȴ
Ͽգ۷Ŀ׷꣬˵û뵽оȻһΪƾͿԻɱ𣿡
Ҷû˵ȴһ˿ǣȻղħӡݺݵһµ۷죬ȴûн
ҶƾڵʵҲսʤһʥԲǿߣǳű˲עʱ͵Ϯ˵ɹ
ǲôǰ壬Ϊʦǰץסõ۷뿪ôʦٷ֮ٻᱻ
Сӣүһս
ʱ򣬻ԵʱϿգ˼֮⣬ȫ
ÿһﶼ֪վ¥֮۵ˣÿһǿ׻ǿڣÿһ˵һʱȫ
ߣ첻ɱ˻Ϊ㡣
е֮۷ŭˣԴΪﵽʥ֮Ѿûٸڣһһ޾ȻһٶĹģֱ̡̣
ǰľİħķǺܼɵģ˻֪ȴԼеĳʲôƷ
ǧ֮ǰ֮еõһʱΪոսʥ֮ƾɱһʥ
ڣԼеһȻûܹһֻʮ۷ʥɱѾ˵ֻʥķܿ¡
۷֪ȻõһΪǴﵽʥԲ֮ȴ޷ȫʹһ
Ϊﵽ֮޷ʹκһ͵ȵҲУΪʲô½֮µߣԸҪһʥҲԸҪһԭ
ֵһֱ̣ӱΪ˱壬ȴм׳ϿƺƵġ
ҶٴóħӡֻҪ۷뻢֣̻еħӡݺݵʦ֣Ҷû˿
źȻеħӡ۷ɫһ࣬ոǱһϱ£˵Ѿˡ
ϷҪ£Ͳˣټ
˵֮󣬵۷ϺȻ䱬һǿϢֱ򣬾Ҷ뻢еһļ¡
Ҷ㿪Ҫ򡣡
껢ĻҶɫʱ䣬Ǻ֪Ҳӵм˿ڡ
۷죬ѵǴ𣿡
ǴҿԸ㣬ұ죬۹Ҷ⵽Ǵ
Ц۷һһ޵ķŭֱӽϢ޵ѹеһǰݺݵȥ
۷ûҶǻ˵ķҶһȥô򽫻ݲûһ˿Իš
Ҫ˵һˣΪﵽҲܵסһʥȫһû˿ɣ۷Բ˵Ҷȴܲˡ
ȲҪԷ۷죬Ͽ쵲סһ
ѾˣҶ죬ҪסϰΪ
һһһ㣬ݺݵ֮УһЦ۷Ҳ׵ʧڷϿա
һѪҶɫ԰׵ˣڸղֵܲ۷һʱҲصơ
һ̣Ҷ˲ԼڵƣȻ뻢˵֮µһ˿һʥȫһʵ̫ˡ
Ѿȥʮ֮ţҶʶɨһ£ɫӲ԰Ѫ˿ڣڸոյһ֮Уʧ˽ŲţҲ˵ڵķܹʮ򶼲һˣ󲿷ֶˣȻû֮ΣҪ׺ûʮܡ
۷죬ڴģؽʬΣΥԣǴ
ԣҶһѪ³۷˵ĺܶԣļ˶Ϊһ뵽ΪԼҶоǶһʯͷѹ
Ҷ죬Щ˵޹أǸΪڴӦ㣬պضɱˡ΢΢һ̾¶ҶĴ̫ˣ˾һ˲仯Ϊˡ


409 Ϊ
۷ץʦҪȥʦ
С
жʱһȻҶʵΪѾﵽʥԲĵ۷죬֡
֪֮н죬ȫΪʦʦǸץˣ⣬ʦ֮ٷ֮ٻᱻץ
Ȼڻ֪ץЩ֮ʲôҶк֮ץЩ֮Բʲô顣
Ҷ죬ܲ侲һ㣬úڵʵټңҵôʦôҪҵġ
˵ڻô죿
һ̵Ҷ쳹ˣΪʦֱ۷ץ͸ȴûʵȥȣܹ侲
ҪʵֻҪ㹻ʵʱܹʦȻ
ĵ˵ͷǿסеĲŭҶصĽֵϣڵķû˸ղŵ֣ѾһƬ档
˻ڷֵϣҶɫɫޱȵѿΪڵķ̫ˡ
ǿ޺죬֫ȵǣֵѾѪȾˣ߰СڲϵҡߵĸףǲôкСĸ׶ѹˡ
ΪѾﵽʮ۷ʥ֮ڸңΪ
Ϊ
Ҷʱûһ㶣ȻΪﵽʮ۷ʥ֮ȴû⣬ҲУȴˡ
ޱͲҪʲô˯޶Ѿʥ֮ҲûǺ
Ҷ죬ȻҵΪﵽʮ֮ǶȴҪ˵ңʥԲǿҲ˽ܹﵽ֮
֮˵öԣֻȫ־ҲŻʲô
΢΢һ̾ûڶ˵ʲô˿ʼ˵ƣһһҹ˶ûϢһ¡
ôʱ䣬Ȼûгһ֣Ǻİ
İҶھȺ˵һǧһˣȻûϢɫЩ̫ÿĿԼ˫֣˵
ʱ򣬴Զӣǽɽ棬գ£ǣһֱҶǰһսҲĿˡ
ǰһս˼ֱҪˣΪﶼһս˫ʥǿߣʹˮҲܲĴս
ҲòϣȻΪֻǶ֮ʵȴǿûһеİգǲ׳ֵġ
жʱЦһҶĮ˵ǲ֣ȴˣǰǵĶԼ˵õģܹɱǣҪҡ
ƾ㣿
ҶĻû˵֮꣬һĽºȻ˵ҪɱԼˣΪԷӽˮˡ
üһս񽣶ʱУû˿ĳɣһʱʹһ콣˲նǰ˺ݺݵնȥ
񣬶ܣܣˮ콣󡣡
ֻӳֱӵҶʹľһȻҶľһ޴ޱȣǲô˵˵ΪѾﵽ˽֣֮ҶҲþһɱˡ
ٵվλѽͬʱֻһ˲䣬֮ѾγһƬˮӰ
ˮ콣ǽɽԳĽʹˮ콣󣬾ǿǰҲռκεıˡ
ˮ콣󣬿Ľ󡣡
䣬ҶһѵһʧҲѸܷʲô飬֡
ҶҪµıˮ콣󣬵ʱܹȫոģΪҶҪţɽǻΪУôҪ׳Լʵ
Ƕʱ䣬ҶѾս¼һĺ벿ֳ׵׵Ŀһ飬ǹڱˮ콣
һգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾ˱ˮ콣֮УܶǽɵˮĻҶ첢ûмų֣ϸϸĹ۲ˮ콣
Ȼս¼֮пȫ˱ˮ콣󣬿Ƕ̸ֽ˺õĻᣬҶɲôõĻᡣ
ˮ콣ʹϰʹˮ콣ôٿ߰ٱ࣬ʱʥҲӱˮ콣ӳȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾȫ˽˱ˮ콣󣬶Ҳƶһ׹ڰʹˮ콣ķ


410 ̫޳
ˮ콣Ѿûʹùˣܹڽ֮УӦøеҡ
ʱ򣬱ˮ֮кȻ˽յҶû˿⣬˵Ľ󡣡
Ҷ컯һӰеս񽣲ϵĻţ콣ϵĻˮ콣֮ϡ
ʱµıˮ콣ҵĲ±ˮ콣棬ɫ˲תס
䡭
һ죬ʱˮ콣Ҳˣ¶һ˿Цݣֲµıˮ콣
ͬʱ³һѪ˶һ𾪵Ŀǰĺ꣬ʵڲһССȻܹƵµıˮ콣
ʲôģ
ɫЩ԰ףǿסڵǴûһԼµıˮ콣󣬾ȻᱻƵһǱһҪ׷ɱ˸ˣ˸޷ܡ
˵ˮ콣𣿡
ƨ
ûеҶ˵꣬գ£ͬʱǳˮ콣ֱ˵ǽء
Ҷ죬ܹƵµıˮ콣ǵȷ𺳣Ҳ㣬Ҫ˵ˮ콣ǲе޳ˡ
ߣ̫޳ˡ
治űˮ콣ҶҲпԭϾҶΪֻǸոմﵽܴ֮֮Ľ
ұˮ콣ǰ˰ǰ֮õֻ꣬жʮңˮ콣˵Ѿ˰˰ϡ
ŲǣҲǣʵתֻҵ껹ûоѣ˸ոµıˮ콣Ҳ
˭ת
ĻƺеˣΪΪܹﵽ֮ϵǿߣģ֮󣬿ʹֻ֮أȻɹĻֻǧ֮һǻǿתɹұǰǷݼ䡣
ܹһǿܹתɹƾǰļ䣬Ҳ°빦ǿתô˵ˮ콣
ǧǰսʡ
սʣ
˾һΪҲѾһǧ꣬һǧǰֻʱսѾɾ֮
սʵһаˣɱ˴ʵѴ£˴ʥһսȻսˣȴΪսʲС
Ͼʥ֮ĲǾ޴ģһһʶս˴ʥˣսʵʵҲõȫ˵Ͽɡ
սʵת
ŲǣҵΪͻƵ֮Ҿͻȥɽѣʱһжף߰ɡ
ߣ
ЩСȣֱڻܹɱˣʱսתΪֻǶ֮
һҪɱ棿ֱЩЦ
Ϊ֮ԿƵǵıˮ콣ȫΪǵսתұˮ콣Ҳսơ
ǲߣѲҪң
ҲǲУӦһ
ԡ
µǸֵҶ쾪ˣȻֲµıˮ콣󣬵ҶҪɱǲܵ顣
޻ʳ֣Ҷ첻ΪҶѾ޻ʣڵ˵ѾǺҪ顣
սǰǽ񺣵ˣʹľһ˸кܴİѾѾ̸ǡ
û⡣
Ҷ죬Ҫ뽣ɽһֱ·Ҿһǽ񺣵Ͻ⴫㡭
ûеȽհѻ˵꣬ҶѾֹ˽ռ˵ȥҶ˵һ㲻ǹܣǳңҰѾһڸǣҪסһ㣬ӽԺ˲ڽɽֻһˡ
泹׳Ĭˣʵ˶ڽɽҲûжֻ˱׷ɱҺǱɽɽȡ
ɽɽɱҶ죬ڲûɱҶ죬Ҫ˸оƺֶ𱨵ĸо
ԣʱԸɽǲɽ֣ȴǿԡ
ҴӦǵҪ󡣡
ҶҲûκεԥֱӽԼ򽣹һҲǾһȫĹڸˣҶҲûԼԼҲǰЩм


411 ׵
ǣ۹֮кһ򣬾˵֮ȡ֣ΪԶۿǳƺһ
վǵÿһƺܽĹۿ֮ϵƣΪԵʣεޱȾ޶ࡣ
ǵһҾƹݣǻ˱ƽʱļǮڿĵطһʵλãݾƹС˵д·
ԴշԺҶѾ뿪ˣһ֮ҲûٳֱֹڣҲ֪Ҷ߻һֻʥ
˽£Ҳ۹ڣҶڻûʲôţϾʵûдﵽܹĵز
С췢ʲô飬Ϊʲô˶ˣ嶧ӣش⣬ôȫġ
˫һݺݵһԼĿˮСԼС¥һһӣֻҪ˵仰嶧ӣֱԵ޹ʵڱһ
͹ҶˣǴССҲ֪ġ
ϻ˵ֻҪ˵ǵ׷ʲôˡ
ͷİ˰֣˿ɣԼֹ˵ĵСôһһֱ˵ȥһ˵صϡ
ŶԲǰ֮ϺȻǵǽһȻѾ׵ķϢȻ˳ȥ
ǣʲôط
ǵһΪͨɽ壬˵ܹͨ嶥ܹž֮ϵơ
ˣȥɡ
ǣλ͹á
˵֮󣬵С֮ʱ߷ϵ嶧ӣתͷ꣬ʵүǲҲȥմ֣
ȥΪʲôȥϵµıɷͬСɣһҪȥ
үȥͨȵ㣬ڻͣ㿴Σ
ãȥɣСһ㡣
վǰһٵ뿪¥ͨȥһգ۵ʱѾʧھ¥ͷ
һ磬Ҷھ¥ȾƣһҲû뿪¥¥ʼҶ췢֣ͨﲻ
ҶȻ֣ͨЩ֮УȻǿۣڸǶţëֻǶ̶̵һʱ䣬ͨ߾Ѿһǧϡ
ǼӾ֮ϵıͬСɣȻǰеΡ
ϷһӣҶӰʱʧھ¥֮У¥ڵˣȻûһ˷Ҷ뿪
Ѿҹʶֻʣһ££ȴƬ½ÿһأҶȴվǵһ¥ϣԶһɽ塣
￴Զͨĺһ𣬺ֻҪͨ嶥ܹվھ֮ϸƬ½
֮Ǿ͸֮ذɡ
ʱҶߺȻһӣӵĶͷ֮һɫ֣Ǵսľİħ
˵ģ
ĻɫʱһϲΪֻҪӾ֮ȡݣôٴӵͻʮ֮ϣ
㻹ûи߹ң֮صǸʲôط
ŶҲˣ֮֮硣
ʲô֮磿
Ҷ쳹ױˣûнԶַ֮ǰ֪֮ʲôطԴй֮һкҶֱ֮׹
֮ŵʹߣİʥǿߣ֮ʵǿ뽣ɽȻȡ
Ҷû뵽ǣеľ֮أȻڵ֮磬һҶ֮ظӵȥˡ
֮Ϊ׵أֱǶľ֮أԨ֮ȣ֮ȣ֮ɽм߲硣
ȵȣе֮ɽ֮ȣ߲磬Ǵ½ϵΪʲôǵ֮׵ء
Ҿ֪ôʣʵ㣬½ϸûʲôأֻǵ֮Ϊ˴˵ģϣ֮׵أȷÿһֵĵطǸ֮ȣͲһֵܹס
ǵʹڵ֮׵صһ׵أ
ʹڵ֮м߲磬Ĵ׵֮еʲô֮࣬飬һֺܿµ
˵˵֮ء
֮أ֮Ķ棬һֺܿµǳ֮Ϊ飬ھ֮صǣݡ


412 ɱ
Ҷûٶʲô½֮ϵһУֻǱ棬˶µأҲֻǵ֮ǡ
ˣǺȥͨ壬ǽս䣿
Ȼȥ֮ϵµıҵҪʲô
мĿһߵӣҶʵ֮ȥͨ壬ȫΪİȫǣҪȻԽս
ˣҿǻָҵõأǸϿ߰ɡ
˵֮󣬻ȳԶͨȥҶͷų޻ʣ޻ʣһʥػҶţʥǿ鷳Ҳκεľ⡣
үʲôط
ǡ
ǣʲôط
ΧһУʲôʣԶַѾǧ꣬ûгγ֮ҪҶ첻ָŪʲôӡ
Ǿǣʲôʲôط
ҶɫЩãһ̵Ľȴ鲻ãȻʸͣҶɫȴԽԽѿ
񣬱졣
׶޿ɲǰ㣬ոһѾߵ鲻ãǺܲãǳĲá
ǽȴûпһ룬һս˵ģ׶ȥһġ
Сϣұ죬ںò׳ˣҪ
ұ죬چҾͰŽվ֮Уһ궼
û˵꣬һŭ⣬ֱӴĻոջ˸߲ҵĽ񣬶ʱסˡ
ԶַѾһǧˣְյӣѾȫˣںò׳ˣɲڱս֮УȻһꡣ
һ뵽һʱ䣬һָ͸оһֱŵףڿǺܺԼСˡ
үôˣ
Сһ䣬ڵĽֻм׳ȥǺ׶һֻʮ޻ʣȻŭ⣬ҪǻǰͰǸ˴ж˿ˡ
һڣԼ飬Ҷǿ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Բ𣬸ղЩʧ̬ˣǣԶ֮ͨǰӾ֮ϵһҪˣȥմ֡
ģ֮ϵµı
Ҳ֪ԼС鲻ãԸûж룬һͨȻо֮ϵµı˫һ
ǽ񣬾ս׶ҲһĲ˼飬ϾӾ֮ϵµı϶ʲôƷ
סʱһиǵˣһɸɱۣ顣
˵֮Ҷٵĳǰͨȥ޻ʣԿŶԷΪ֣ԼСƺЩطһˡ
ûУүƺǰ̫һˡ
սıҲǼ׳Ҷ˵޻ȫֳǧŵӴʱߵĶעĿġ
ĵ˵ͷ׶޵ɫЩǣ˵ҾСҲЩ̫Ծƺǰɱ¾ˣ֪Ǻǻ¡
ǵʲôҾүŸãǰү̫ˡ
޻ʶʱһۣٵĳҶ׷ȥֻһŭĽһʱһѾͨס
үͨȻӵмǧߣǼ۰
ĵ˵ͷոͨ׵ʱҶҲ¶һ˿ȣΪû뵽ǰᱦߣȻǧ֮࣬иǿߡ
ʱһӰ󻢰һǰ޻ʰսڣ˵ˡ
֮УʵǿԵøҪ֮ҲһֱǿΪĿںţ޻ʥȻֻһ֮֮ĲȴǾ޴ġ
Ե޻ʿΪѾﵽʥ֮ĻʱԵЩнƽʱϲֵĽ񣬶ԹԵı졣
ô
Ѿ۲ˣ֮ǰȷӾ֮ϵһҿﲢǴӾ֮ϵģ˴սһġ
ĵ˵ͷҶڻƶû˿ĻɣΪӾ֮ϵ±ϻ顣
ʵֹǰͨᱦߣÿһ˶ôΪҶ˵ʱǿãֱᣬûãֻܿϷС
ҶĻ޻ʣΪﵽʥ֮Ļûκε顭


413 ʥ
һҹ޻ڶ峿ͨϣǧ߶ɧΪÿһڽ죬ͨ弴һ
үȵȱֱӳǴɱ䣿
˵⻰ʱ򣬽ֻ۾͸¶һ˿˿׹⣬ײУϲɱ¾֮вϵɱϲɱ¾
Ҳϲɱ¾ֻҪ˲ǣǾͲҪȵȿ
ҶĻĴ޶Ե˵ͷһ޻ûκεĵǣãôƾ˵ʵԺܹ
һֻΪﵽʮ۷ʥֻΪﵽʮһ۷޻ʣϼһʥڴˣҲֲκκô
ͨ嶥ǧվڷ嶥ƺĽɽһƬվͨ嶥ÿһƺִܹ֮ϵһ㡣
磬˵ʲô
Ⱥ֮Уһͺ󺺶Աһͺʵﻹһ˿˿˷ܣǶ˵ΪѾﵽ֮ᱦźܴġ
ʲôֵܶ˶Ҫ֣ܣʱ絲סǣֻּܳɡ
İɴ磬ʱͿҵģ֤ʧ
Ļͨ嵽вڣۼǿߣǿȴڰҶһˡ
ģССȻҲѧһ򵱹Ī׳٣ʱȰˡ
ôʲô
һ׶޵Ļ״˵ӣ׵ˣ׷׶޽ǧʱ䣬ֱȴȻû׷֡
׶޵ǵ˼˰Ҷﶼֻûͱ㴰Ϊ˶ϣ޻ܹһ
ģϲϲϲʹ׷ҾͲҪĥĥ㲻׷׷ҵһμСϣͷԼѾϲСˡ
ûеȽѻ˵ֻ꣬սݺݵ˵Ŀһߵ׶ޣ˵СϣԴӵһۼҷԼѾϲ㣬Ҫ
սұ죬Сҵģ˭СϣҺƴ
ûеսѻ˵꣬һŭ쳹أ϶ʱһɾ˵Ϣֱͨ嶼һ¡
һŭ𣬲СսһֱϷҶ죬Ҳ𺳣ʵû뵽Ȼˡ
ѽڳӹȥ
ĸлء
ȥ
ûе˰ѻ꣬Ӱʱʧԭأֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ͨ嶥߰Ѿɱ
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â֮˲ʣµʮ˰ڶһʵû뵽˵־ͳ֣û˿
ȴûֹΪҲ뿴ǰʵô˵âֵ֮ס˾Ҳá
üһս񽣸ûгҶУԸֻ൱һڤҶ㹻ֻýˡ
ʱ˿ǰü֮Ȼһɾ콣һգ۵ʱ䣬ڤͷųâ֮㳹׵ʧһա
Ҷ첢ûг֣ǵӵýֱѹڤɫһ䣬Ѫ³¶һ˿𺳣ȶסԼĲС
ڤ棿ܣڤǲڤǵġ
߳ױˣΪƾܹǶ˱ˣʵֻڤܴﵽڤôܳڤǡ
ߣʮҲˣƾܹʵǿڤʲôʵ
ڤΣֻҪԸ⣬ڤҲɱ󡣡
֮ǰ˵⻰ʱһΪǷ˾ɵˣһ˵ĻûһΪӿ
ΪԼʵ֤һУʱԲϴһ˿Ц˵λȼǵĹͣҪΪ˴˵С˺
ӵʵߵɫҲʱκεطʵΨһһ˵λı׼ֻӵ㹻ǿʵ˲Ż㡣
Ҷֻ֣ҪܹóԵ󷨣Ұһɱ˽ɽߣʲôҪҶӦ㡣
Ҫݡ
ݣ
ҶҪȫһʵ֪ҶҪкã
ҶֻǶھİħһãݸû˿ôǿǰʮһԾı飬Ҷʱһ
и˺صƣҪݡ
ŶԭȻҲʲôϡƷֶֻ֣ڤʥǲŻУطȷʵټ
ĻشҶû˿ľȣϾ֮֮ǰѾ߹ֻо֮صڤʥǲŻС
Ҷ֪ôڤǿ϶˵õݣܹڤǵõݣͲȥʲôڤʥˡ
ҶҪݵĻҵи취
Ŷʲô취
жʱһϲҶѾԣܸʲôֻۣҪȡݾ뿪֮أΪﵽ֮Բٽ֮ء
һ֮ڤǵħǣѡٳܹɹΪħǵĳôõӦⲻ󡣡
ֻҪܹΪħǵĳͿԵõ𣿡
ԣΪڰǰħǵĳ£Сıɽһʸɱˣһ֮ͻѡ٣ȼħǣ֪ħǳ֮ڣźܶݡ
ˣѵڤ棬Ҳܾڤǵĳ𣿡
Ҷ֪ڤǵĳһڤڤǵĳȻڤơ
û뵽ǣȻԼȥѡħǵĳ֮λϾҲֻһڤ𣬶ʲôڤ档
ƺеɻ˵֮һʵΪ壬ֻҪʵ㹻ǿô㲻ڤ棬ͬԾڤǵĳ֮λ
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ãȻʵϷͲҲͬ
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˵֮뿪¶һ˿ЦݣֻþŴĻ֮еϹ棬Ҳ뿪˴
ȼʮ֮һɽ֮ڣվɽڣ¶һ˿Ժ֮أܹó˻ˣԲᳬʮ
Ҷ֣Ҷ˲µĻο
ԴӼʶӵʵǹֹǻֽ˶Ҷ̬ѾһٰʮȵĴת䣬ϾǿԶ𾴵ġ
˻󣬲Ҫ˵סһ棬ǽ𶼲ססһۣһܽɱԴ˵ȻҪҲա


426 һȺ
ҶĻߵɫ˲ת䣬ֹûг֣ΪԼ֣ҲǰӵĶ֡
Ҷֵ˼ܹóõĻˣ
˵һ᲼ùԵ󷨣ھǼʶһ£ֻǾ֮ܣ졣
˵֮ҶӰʱʧԭأ첱Ӵ֣޲ȥһһĳӵ⡣
˭ҲûжΪҪӵܲڤµĻ޷ƳǾ͸ӲҪ˵óʲôˡ
û˿ĳɣֱ˻󣬶ʱɽȺȻ䱻һȫ֣߿ڣһɷƵɾ
ߣҿҵĻ󡣡
ܹҵĻԸΪʦ
߻ûаѻ˵ֻ꣬ͷ֮ϵİ˲ʧӰ٣ʱҶӰ»صԭء
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ѾƵĻ־ŭӲǵĻ󣬶ٶȻ֮죬ŭǣо֮꣬òųɹȴһգ۵Ĺˡ
ҹԴ󷨵ķ򶼲֪оǧ꣬ó󷨣ҲһпõĶˡ
ȻҶĻ쳣һȴûκεķʵ۱磬ô˵ӵȴƵǵĻ
˵ǻЩţȻԲ󷨣Ǽʶʶν󷨣ǵɽ֮⡣
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ҶѾҪõ󷨣ֱĹɷ֮ѡ󷨣ȫΪǾ֮صԵʡ
Ĺɷ󷨶аޱȣǲö˵еһ󷨣Ѿ㹻ɱһ棬ھͲ˵󷨺һ
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֪ҶʵֻոնʮĻ֪˻᲻룬ȴһ󼤶
Ŀһ۵²󷨵ӣֽɫЩ˵ôҶܹƵ빫µĻ󣬾㵽ʱҶֲò󷨣Ҳܵǵͬ
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ʱɽȵԶˣǰһߣԶ߾һѷĽֱ
ӣÿһ󶼱һѽ˵дż㣬ͬѽһ㡣
һ棬𡣡
˵仰ʱɫѾѿ˼㣬ʵû뵽ɽ˻֮ҵԼһ
ʵ֪һνɽ㹻׼˷ֱȼǵ򣬲ߵɽ֪ܿ
һֻһȺͷڹˣԶҳǡ
֮УһȽϸ㣬ϴı鿴ǰˣҲѹֽɽ˻᲻ˡ
֮УΪߵĵֹͻֽҲֻڤֻ൱漶ǿߡ
ȻҲһڤ𣬵ʵȴҪ߲ʣµϹһڤֻۣ൱һۡ
ɽˣһ֮⣬˶ǽ𼶱ǿߣ߸ó֣Ϳȫɱˡ
ɫһЩ˵ͷڹܱ꣬һЩҪõĶֻ࣬ߣҲҽɽһȺ
λɱ㡣
˵֮󣬸ո˵˲γԼĽз٣һǽʮ֮ȫԴﵽľǿߡ
ƾ㣬ߡ
֣ȴֹֹոձҶһ޴ɷɺ޵ǣҶʵȻôֵ̬ĻᶼûУںòֹŹ˻ᡣ
ȡһԲ䵶ֹҲû˿ĳɣһֱʧԭء


427 ˽һ
빫ֹ˲佻֣˵ʵ޼һʱֳܷʤ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬⣬ǼȻ׶༪٣Ҫ˵ˣһȫԽǻɱ
ԭڤֲµĻסɽߣ󲻽ûסɽǿߣҶơ
һ뵽Ҷ죬ʱһ̲סͷɽȣΨһϣǣҶܹóԵ󷨡
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ʱԺ֮кȻһһֱɽڲҶ죬ҶĻ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲ
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428 Ծڴ
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ǽɽÿ˶Ϊ˻ᱻҶɱô˵Ѿȫﵽ˽漶𣬶Ҷһ
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ڣ˶յͬҲˣܹһõĽܵˣ˵ϻ˵ɽɽ׷ɱҶ죬ȴû뵽ǲûнնɱΪ߹ߣϷϹˡ
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á
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еս񽣣ҶɫЩصĿǰĽ棬˵Ȼ˿һǾͽһ
˷Ҳǰδеأ֮ǰὫһһȻܹƵֲµıˮ콣ָˡ
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겻û뵽˷Ȼﵽ˵ز
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ŽյĻ뽣ﶼ¶һ˿ЦȻѧ˽һҲϣ֮ڴﵽ֮Ҫﵽʥ֮ûʮʱܡ
ڽ֮붼룬һ޷ģҲҪɱǣֻҪһ͹ˡ
һ뵽ǰߣ֮ǰԼˣڲ˽Ͼ˽һпڰ֮ڴﵽ֮֮С
磬費Ҫ֡
һĵ֮ɫȻҶźܴģǲô˵Ҷ춼ֻһ𣬶Էȴһ棬֮Ĳֱ̫ˡ
ͬȼ˸ᵣҶ죬ڣȻҡҡͷҶԸ˵үǵͷ˭Ҳ֡
ҶۿųԼߣϸֳһ˿Цеս񽣶ˣһٴν˼䣬ֲĽֱƬء


429 
˽һ
ŲԶϱľ콣϶д˳Ծʵû뵽ԼүȻҲﵽ˽Ͼ磬˽һ֮
˽һôܣ
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Ȼ˽һĽ棬ǿ󡣡
΢΢̾ϢһҶܹԼΪ۷֮ôƾղŵһԳ׻ɱߡ
Ҷ˽һʵԶַʱѾ򣬲һֱûǰʹʹǰͬûС
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ҶĻʱɽĽ泤ɫһ࣬˷ȴȻûٳ֣ΪԼܹɱǰӣ߻档
֮еκһˣǿĽնɱ˲Ҫ˵ʹˮ콣󣬿¾ֶܹ׽ɱ
һ˷⣬»ɽ֮ڣƽҲͰˣȴǽ𣬶֮Уһӡ
Ҷ죬뽣ɽĶԹȷһţպɽ㣬ǲǸȽҵ·ų
ʵ˷ﻹЩ벻ͨҶ࣬Ϊʲô֮أҿӣҶ֮صĹϵƺ
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˵֮Ҷתɽ֮ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬㳹׵ʧԭأʱɽڵҲѾ׻ɱ
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˵֮˷ϺȻ䱬һɾ˵ϢȻĿʼʧͬʱɾ˵Ϣʼתɾ콣⡣
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һ˽һľֻҪȼյһ̣Լȫ֮ǿдԼĽУôܹʱǿʵһܹ
ʩչһ֮˷Ѿڴؼ䣬ֻܼĴڽ֮УΪ飬֮ҲΪߡ
˷ǰһǿĽ棬ȼ֮뽣ںĽҲǽ漶Ѿ൱ǿ
ΪԼȼ֮ͿΪΪǿЦ
˷նɽȵʱҶӰȻɽ֮⣬˼ۺ죬˷ԼŪزȫǱǰ͡
û˿ĳɣ˷ž콣⣬ŭնǰӣҶȴһЦƺںһ㡣
üһս񽣶ʱУҪ˵ߣҶеս񽣵֮޻۷ں϶ɡ
Ҳ˵޻ʱս񽣵飬ұѾȫںϵս֮У˷ںϺ񽣣֪ǿ˶ٱ
飬Ǻö
̾˵һһʹ֮ǰҶû˿İþһ˷ɱڡ
˷ѾʧȥڴڵֻǼڽڵ֮ʵѵǿ֮ĩһû˿
Ҷ죬ҲŹģɽҲŹġһҵŭ쳹أո˷ǹɾ콣Ҳʱʧ


430 ֻ۾
еҶеֻһ˿Į˷ڽе֮Ѿȫʧ仰˵ڰҶеĽȫһʶ齣
ߵĵȼ񼶣ӵн񽣣ȻƷ޷ﵽ񼶣֮ȴ˿Щ齣Ҫʤ񽣡
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ȻҶȡһֹ˵ѽ͸˾Уתһ仰ȼǣΪʦԲҪҵĻȥħҡ
ǰӸ޶ԣҲûټ֣󹧹ĳҶ£ٵʧԭء
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ħڤǣƹʮڤǣ֮һΪĴ磬ÿһϸĹ涨ڤǲڤһ㣬ڤǶǸ֡
ǰɽȻɳǿ߽뵽֮ڣϵһɱ֮صǿߣÿһڤǱһػɽǿ߸ҽ뵽С
Խɽǿ߾Ͳϵһᰵɱ֮صǿߣһ֮ǰɽһҵһᣬɱħǵĳ
ħǵĳͬһڤ棬ʵǿޱȣȴǽɽһʣԸû˿
νͷУħǵĳɱħ׼ѡһڤΪħǵĳҲֵ֮ķз
ħƵǣɽʲϵһɱ֮صǿߣԾħѡٳҲûһڤħǡ
ħڣ˱ɽɱĳ֮⣬ڤ棬Ҳħξѡľѡ֡
ħ֮Ա֮ΪħǣΪħڵڤȫǾһķΪħڵڤɱħһ㣬Ҳ̶á
֮صĵڶڤǣҶħǳ֣Ϊħ֮ص㣬һΪ޳ǵڤʳǡ
޳ǣһڤʳǣһڤʣеڤʳ֮УҲȫܹɵһʵǿޱȡ
ħǰ֮⣬Ҷһڶʮ֮ϵħǣһȴ޷ħǣΪǰվһߡ
ߵߴԼֻһңֻܵҶļ֮صǣߵϣֻ۾֮⣬ü֮Ȼһֻ۾
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Ҷ쿴Ȼֵ֮ҲΪߵֻ۾һܿ˵¶ޱصı飬Ϊÿһ˶֪ǰһߣһһʵǿĽʡ


431 ۽
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ȻֵߣͬʱɽĳһΪȼΪﵽ澳ϡ
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۽ڽɽ֮УԿŽǰû뵽ɽȻɳ۽ʽ֮ء
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ĵ˵ͷҶû˿ΪԴɱ˽ɽɽ֮뽣ɽѾ˲ݵľ档
Զڽɽ˵ҶҲûжٺӰ죬ɽˣлĻԥĽɱ
ܲȻɱɽɽ
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仰Ҷʶ֪Լڤ飬ϾҪѡħǵĳȡݡ
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432 ǻþ
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ʱ۽˵ӰһӵУʹӰĵҲĶ֣ҵʱϲûзϡ

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ѾãһαǻͬʱԷһ£Էܣڼ㣬ǵĹ򲻱䣬ȴҶֹңҹǻǻҶ֣λΣ
û
Ҳû
ãȻλûڿʼɣסֻܹԷһ£㲻ܶ㣬졣
˵֮ͬʱηλվո˵ҪҶ컹ЩţϾԴľתﵽ˵ת֮󣬱ķѾﵽһֲĵز
Ҫ˵һڤһħ֮⣬Ҷ۽ʵһӰжֵɴ˿ɼҶжôĿֲˣϧЩڤ涼֪ö֪Ļ֪˻᲻ٱ
λ׼𣿡
Ҷ뻨ȱԵ˵ͷһ̣ȱƺһĬһһ¶ĬȻ֮侭ЩĦǲô˵ҲԸ⽫ħǳ֮λһƹܡ
˵϶¶һ˿أȻҶԼǿţǲô˵ǰĶ˶ڤ棬൱漶ǿߣʵҲСơ
ʼ
źĻ£ƴȭʱݺݵĳŸԵĿȥҶû˿УֻǽԼľһΪһȭֱӳǰĺȥ
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û˿һ;޴ޱȣ㻯ΪһȭȻڣȻһڤ棬ôһȭĻ
ʱӾߵķһ㣬ݺݵˤ˳ȥʱҶȻоԼĲ洫һӴ
û˿ĻңתתתֲһţǻȱȭͷҶϣƺǻһһ㡣
ɫʱһ䣬ʵȱղźȭͷûԼֻѾ֪Է⣬Ƚ˽Ȼڼѡħǵĳ


437 ̫
Լ˫ȭϴʹȱɫ䣬һĿǰӣغܣֻһڤѡ
űȥĺ̨֮ʮڤʱٴηˣһȫһµĲţÿһ˶ţĿе飬Ȼһڤˡ
ʮ֮󣬱վصԭλãһκЩȻһڤ棬ȭͷһڤ𣬲ûнԷܣԷ˻ȥ
ǿֱڻٷѪһεĿǰ˵ڶˣ֮λ
˵֮󣬺ûټ̨֮ϣֱӳԶȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾʧԶľͷ
ҸղǲΣش˾Ȼˣ
Ҹղһǿˣôܻ䡣
ֱ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬽ǵһûͷûβĻȻ佫ʮڤȫ˵סˣʮڤߵˣգºڣҲ֪ǺȻ䷢ʲô衣
ٺ٣ûʲôֻǷйһ°ˡ
ҷԽԽ޳ˡ
޳ôˣѵղûз𣿡
ʲô
ʻǸûпһۣڽһ޳ܵµСˣ˴򽻵Լ
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磬ѵղŴүȭûзʲô𣿡
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±ǸһͿ֪ԼܺԼٴʲôգһֱûп˵ĽգȴȻ˵үȴţȻһΪ˾һȭڵˣûһүĶ֡
磬˵ʲôһȭ
¶ʱյĻˣ֮УҲֻ֪ȻϾһǽ񺣵ϾѧҶԽȭǴﵽһµ
磬ǲˣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵꣬ʱسɡ
ҿ磬ĺǲң˸ղүľһȭΪһʱ䣬֮سɡ
磬ܣҲ̫Ǹˣꣿһꣿ
¶һ˿Σڸղŵս֮У΢һ¿ɺãֱ˷һΪĻᡣ
ԴΪﵽ֮˵Ŀһֱǽʥ֮Ҫﵽʥ֮Ҫﵽʾ磬ǽô״ﵽġ
ýû뵽ǣԼĴ磬ܣڸոֻǿүһȭ˽Լܣһ֮ھͿԴﵽ֮
ܣүߣʱʱ̶̿ĪĻᣬ粻ϣκεһΣ𣿡
ˣ硣
λܲһ䣬ղҶֵһȭô𣿡
ʱһֱûвȻʵղʶûһ䡣
ֻһڤ𣬸ӲĽԶҶʹľһȭ
ܹȫղүǾһȭҸұ֤֮ڣ̿ԽԼΪֱӴڤʶ롣
˵ʲôֻҪܹȫҶָղʹһȭ֮ھͿԴﵽڤʣôܣ
֮ܡ
˵һ䣬˭Ҳûٿ˵Ķ̨֮ϵӣΪÿһﶼ֪ߣʱʱ̶̿нĿܣǶԽ
αԽ֮ҪҶһˣڤʣ˺ڴ˷ܵţ֪Ҷľһȭ봫ڸûǸ»һ
ҶֵǿղѾ˵ΪޣѾһУ˸ոֶһУֻʣһУҶ֣Ǳʲô
Ȼȱеһ˿Цݣȴһ㣬ʵ벻ͨһССڤôô̬
ûȱе𺳵ǣӲɵֵסĹһȭ˳ȥʵԼҲֻǰ֮䡣
˵ʲô
ȱѾܹµȻֻһڤ𣬿ʵʵȴѾһǿڤ棬ѹ̨ħǳ֮λ
ȻѾûģǻȱȴ֪ôҪֵ󣬾䣬ҲҪԵԼԵȥĳˡ
Ҷ֣ǽսȻ֪㲻ƽǲôҶԳ֮λڱصá
ʵȱĻѾԣѡսĻôȱȫͷųԼ£ԷֻһԼ֮Уû˿ĵֿ֮


438 콣
ڻȱеĳҶ᲻֪ϾѾӵԼ򣬶Լ֮Уס
һССУҶӴţʹһĻȫϽӲĽƿ
ǿʼɡ
ӵĻȱϷһ˿ȣΪԭ뷨ֻҪԼѡԷһսôԷԲͬ⡣
Ͼڤڤ֮ĲޱȾ޴ģڤһڤ֮ڣֵĻᶼûУⳡսҲκε
ǶԷȴӦˣ˵ʲôѵΪʵԺһڤ𣿼ֱǿЦЦЦ
һ̣ȱٿǰʱеֻһ˿ģΪţӵʵ֮лΪ
ȱûٳɣֱͷųõĲлΪȱǿţԽһɱ
ԣһɱΪһ̣ȱѾ¶ģôҪֽԷɱڳɳҡ֮С
֮ԻȱҪ׻ɱҶ죬ȫǱԷǿֲ𺳣뵽ԷҲﵽڤ棬ôôġ
Ҷûж˲ѹԼĲлֻ¶һ˿ɱ˲Цݣüһս񽣶ʱС
Ĳںϣڽһͽ³׵ںһ𣬲֪ΣܿͿ֪ˡ
ԼڲϵĳԣһһεʧܣҶй˵ĿɬҪһžȷһ׵顣
ҺþĲʧܣڴһϽҶǿţ۽ʵĽ£Ҳ㹻սʤԷ
Сӣ㲻ҪңҪֻܹԼ̫֪ˡ
Ŀһ۶ӣȱʯ˵ŻȱĻҶ֪һ̶ԷԼɱġ
ͬһ䣬ǰҶҲʲôһ̣˶ɱģԲ˿ԥ
Ȼɱңҳȫ㣬Ҿһ
ʱҶϺȻһɾ콣⣬ս֮ϣɾ콣һɾһ㣬˲սںһ
֪ΪʲôȱϺȻľ콣ʱкȻֱĸоһϢ˲
򣿲ܣֻһڤ𣬲ġ
緭ˣȱʵ벻ͨһڤΪʲôһȻʹ򣬶һҪӵǿ
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֣ҶֻҡҡͷΪʹĲ򣬶һּٽֻƾǿĽ⣬ǿͶɵһּٽ򣬱֮Ϊ콣
һҶһǰĵˣս˲䱩ǵǧɣͨ޽ɢһֱӽ̨˲顣

һʵĴ𣬿Ŵͨ񽣣ȱķ֣ԼȻܶˣֻĿͨնԼϡ
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̨֮£ʮڤһ˫˫ŵ۾Ȼվ̨֮ϵӣǲţԼе飬һǿޱȵڤ棬ɱˡ

֪˭һ漴㳡ʮڤʱ򣬽Ǳֳǿһ档
ӹȥ
һŭһǳֱ㳡ʱʮڤѴңôͣǰڤҪͣǺڤҲͬ⡣
ʱ򣬽գҲˣ棬Ҳ൱ڤͬʱ֣ӴĽ֮Ƭ㳡
һ̣ոѾȫҵڤȺҲڰÿһڤ֮Ȼ˾֣š
ӮˣԴһҾħǵ³Ҽסҵ֣ҽҶ졣
Ҷոһڣ»СҵڤȺʱ׵İڤһ˫۾̨֮ϵӡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵Ȼֻһڤ𣬵ȴŵĸǣһڤħǣҶԽ֮ϳȥɱ
ɱһڤʣʲôЦǲɵˡ
ǣǴԲѣڤҲܻɱģǿЦ
ܹɱһڤʣƨɶС
Ҷû˿⣬Ȼ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ҿھ֤ǿ


439 
ô֤Ǵҿ
ǣ֪ڤʲܽڤǵģڤʿԽħǣ㻹˵
Ҫ洵ţˣɡ
ȫ졣
ǵһֱڤȫ죬ڤ棬ڤлǺܾصģϾһҲһʵΪ塣
ҶȻɱһڤ棬Σʮڤ̨֮ϵʼնһڤ档
Ҳ֮صĹ涨ѾģڤУֻڤ棬ſԳΪħǵĳȴС
ҶȻһЦеӣޱȵĮ˵˶֪ħǵߣһɽɳĽʣһֱڳⲻϽɱǾһǿߡ
ҶĻո˵ֻ̨֮µʮڤٴɧΪԴӽɽɳǿ߽֮غѾɱ˲֪پһǿߡ
Ȼɽǿ߲ɱһͨˣôǿߣǵĳѾ˼Ҹɱˣ˵еƭ˵ġ
̨֮ϵı飬ҶﰵԵ˵ͷ˵ھͿԻɱغħ֮ɽǿߡ
ҶĻһԭӵһطʱȻ󲨣ΪÿһڤжغħǵɽǿߣһǿĽʡ
൱ھһڤʣһ嶼ĪĵλʵǿޱȣӾȻ˵Ҫɱһʡ
ܹߵֻӬɱǱΪħǳ
ԣҲ֧㡣
ãߡ
˵֮Ҷ˿ٵ뿪㳡ϵʮڤҲ֮˳ȥʮڤһһ۵ĳһ㣬ƺƵĳħȥ
һһѾħǵĳǽ֮ϣֻڤʦ֮ϵڤſϳǽ֮ϹۿʣµڤȴֻħڳǵȺŽ
֣㻹ǲҪȥˡ
ãҶСģ
ĵ˵ͷҶٵ뿪ħǣȴû̫Զֻ߳Զĵطͣ
ˣڻϲһתǳڼ϶תƴ󣬲ȴҪ䵱ۣûɣ
ûУһүš
á
˵֮Ҷӽָ֮ȡڤʯȻʼͣĲţֱվλ䵱󷨵ۡ
ʱҶŽתǳ붷תƴȫãԶ󷨵ԭƺûʲô֮ǰһģһ
תǳ֮УҶ쿴ǰ޻ʣ˵ȵҽ۽֮Уʱֽɱ𣿡
¶һ˿ΪȻı飬Щɻ˵үֻһǽʶѣô鷳ˣֱӳȥɱ˾Ϳԡ
Ȼս׶û˵ֻҪ޻ϵı飬ҶѾܹ³߰˰ˣϾÿһֻ޻ʶǽġ
ΪѾﵽʮһ۷޻ʣԼϣֶԸһǽʣȷЩûǡ
۽ӵӰʹӰĵһʥǿ߶֣˵ʱҪȫԸ𣿡
޻һܹɱʥǿߣôǽʵʵʵЩˣϾ޻κһһʥǿߵĻǶû˿ʤ㡣
ˣ׼һ¡
˵֮Ҷٵ뿪֮УħԶȥûߵǧ֮Զ۽Ѿǰ
û뵽һССȻֵܹסҵĽ£ǽ񺣵ˣһ㲻κεĺˣΪұҪɱ
һ֮Уͬǿ߽֣ȻʱҲаܼ۽ԼھȻһˣһ
Ҫɽɽ׼һЩʥҩҪ׻ָƣҲҪʱ䣬ֱڣȻһ˿ʹһȴǰΪ
ƾ㣿׷˵ɣ°ܽ
û£ҶֱתħȥƺѲµӻܣ۽ȴû˿⣬һУһһֻɱҰӣҰܣҲԲӳֵġ
ף˾ȻŵƮ첽ôܣ
Ȼһ˿ȣ۽ȻŲٶ֮죬ֱԽ˷ٶȣֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ׵׷ȫܵҶ졣


440 Ʋ
Ϊʲôˣܰ
ǰӣ۽һЦ˵ûȫ׷ӣǾèץһ㣬һֱ
ΪʲôҪܣҾҪʰ㡣
ǰӵĻ۽ʶʱЦЦ֮г˱֮飬ƺЦһ㡣
ǽ۽ʵЦʱȻֹΪȻ֣ԼĵطȻ任ֻһգ۵䣬һޱ޼ʵǳռܡ
󷨣
ͳһ۽ʵû뵽ԼȻ֮У⣬󷨾Ҷ¡
û뵽ɣΪתǳ߻һתƴϣܹ⡣
ҶصǳռϿգʱ޻ʺȻǳռڣû˿ĳɣ޻һͿʼҵĹǰߡ
޻ʣһǻ󡣡
޻ʲϵĹԼһʼ۽ʲûж⣬Ͼţһ¾Ȼ޻ʡ
ʱĲƣ۽Ҳ֮ǰǰ򶨣Ϊ𺳵ķ֣Լ޻ʣǻ󣬶ʵʵĴڡ
Ӱڶ֮۽ʾȵķ֣¶޻ʻ첻ʲô˺޻ʶĹƺӵ
û뵽Ҷ¾Ȼ޻ʣҲҪɱǣӰһƲ񷡣
Ʋ񷡣
۾ʱһҶڵȵ۽Ӱһû˿ĳɣҶӰʱھתǳڡ
ȶ㿪ҽһ
ȵ޻ȫ뿪֮üһս񽣶ʱҶУҶȻһɾ콣⡣
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۽еӰ齣ȻܵĿռ䶼ĸһֲѷſֲϢýӰΧж
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Сϣȥչүս㡣
ŭ󿴼սٵĳԶȥһ̣޻ѱ˱塣
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۽֮ʹ˽Ʋ񷣬Ӱһ׻ɱһޣܹƿ󷨣ȴû뵽ǣҶȻֵסĽƲ񷡣
޻ʵıݺݵĻϣû˿ڱƲ񷷴֮Ūĺ޵ֿ֮۽ʣ˲Ѫݺݵڰ֮ԶĵطûϢ
һɽϣһʵͨĶǽʣӵϹӰ˾֮ħ֮⡣
ǿʧϢҶɫ԰׵ˣȻߵ۽ʵʬǰĳǰϵһ
үǸʲô
ҶΪýʱеһɻ޻ҲͬˣϾԼүԷǲݵĳ棬үȴԵ˹
ղк򣿡
ҶʻԶĿռڻ߳ӣǽֵܣղ˵ľս˿ı˭Ҫϸ
үû뵽۽ʾȻӰƿա
˵ûƿգ¾ǽʥ޷쵽ǽ֡
ĵ˵ͷҶɫ԰׵̾Ϣһ˵Ʋ񷣬Ȼƿգ˵ʵǽʥڴҲ磬۽ֵһ񡣡
ǰӵĻ滹޻ʣŵϵ߹һ񣬶ʱҶ֣Ҳ֪ô£۽ʵϺȻɳһɫСдĸɫ֣Ӱ
ӰѾһ뽣ںϣȵҵΪﵽ֮󣬱ԳýƲһںˡ
ʵҶܹƲһϣôʱһһһô򵥡
һ뽣ѾںϣԺͽ£ԴϽҲ֮Уͽ񷽣ɡ
Դ˲񷽣ԵҲҶպݺ½ϽʱҶҲ󷨳޻ʶʱʧԭأصս֮УϾǲڤޣʱпܱħ֮еڤ֡


441 ƽԼ
ŵϵʬףħڵڤʱһ쳹صĻԴӽɽɳǿ߽֮غÿһڤһһ㣬лᾡͷˡ
ҶˣѾħǵγɽݼ
ʱ򣬴ʮڤ֮кȻ߳ˣߣϸŮӣͳһڤ
ĵ˵ͷҶʲôҲû˵ΪղʹĽ£Ѿ۽ʵĽƲˡ
һ˿ٵĳųȥʱҶڴ֮ϣʮһˣ˵Ҫݣ֪ûУ
ˣǳȻݣȴʣ²ˡ
жʱһϲҶ漴ʵж٣
ʮꡣ
ʮꣿ
֣ҶжʱϲΪֻھİħһãȴô
ڵľİħѾﵽʮʥܹ֮һݣôнΪʮ֮
֣֪Բ԰ȡ
ǣˡһλߣΪӢոյɽǰ֮ΪߵҶŻֱӢ
һӢʮ»ص˴ҶӢеõʮݵʱڳһ
ν֮أҪľΪеʮݣȴֻڤʥǲУȴħǵõˡ
Ҳ˵ȥڤʥǣʱ䣬Ҷ췢֣СˮѾʣ²һµʱˣҲ˵ڱ뿪֮ˡ
֣֣Ҫ£Ҫ뿪ħһʱ䣬ʱڣλʱħǡ
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ĵ˵ͷ֮ȥҶ컺뿪˴ħǵһͨľ¥Ҷ죬滹ҲΧһϡ
֣жʱҪ뿪ħǣԾͲһȼˡ
⡭
ʱеһΣԼȼǣʲôЦ˵ȼŽɽǿٵֻҪԼһȥԼһᱻɱ
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ʦĻ˾ɫ󾪣󼱲ɴʵʦҪȥʲôط
ΪʦҪҪ뿪֮أȥԼѡ񣿡
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˵Ҷ콫ս¼֮һϽڸ˾Уһ۽Ҳһ
ǰ꣬˵ĽʮڱԴﵽڤ֮Ǻεȵٶȣ֮ǰһţڣȴǰٷ֮ٵҶ¡
ˣΪʦҪˣҪú֣ϣպչһжлˡ
ңжͽˣҶģϣҶѻ
ĵ˵ͷҶ쿴ߵ棬˿ٵ뿪һգ۵ʱ㳹׵ʧħ֮ڡ
ʦһ·ء
Ѿʧʦ˾йĿͷҶȴһҲûֱͣӿٵĳž֮صĳڸȥ
֮ҶŴ½ϵʿй˵ĸоĲϸ·߳˾֮أص˴½
Ҷ죬Ͽ콫ó
ʱһеֻֻ۾Ķǰ꣬ˮˡ
ǧŵõݣ˵ɣҪôлҡ
˵ˣҵ䣬ҵԣ˭ҪܹҵõݣұǩƽԼھͿʼɡ
˻ĻҶ쵹ЩȣȴޱȵľϲӵһֻΪʮľİħΪʵԿڴ½Ϻˡ
ģСӣܲܿ㡣
һΪŭҶҲٳɣֱ뻢ǩƽԼҶҲݸ˻
еݣ¶һ˿ǰδеأ˵Ҷ죬Ҫչأһ꣬ұԽΪһ֮ڣҲܵκεĴš



ʮ һ


442 һ
ս֮Բ˴ġ
ҶѾʧܹһΣȻʧܵĻôݣʱ򻢰Ҫ±ȵ컹Ҫѡ
лҾͲ˵ˣҽΪʮ֮ʱҲҶ½֮ա
˵֮󣬻ֱӻһʧԭأ޻ʿѾս֮бչȥĻ֮¶һ˵Ľ
ҪĽˣֻҪŬҲôһġ
үҲҪ˵ﵽʲôʮ֮ˣֻҪͻڵƿﵽʮʥ֮Ҿллˡ
ݺݵ̾ϢһڵֻǸոմﵽʮһ۷֮ʮ֮źңԶľҪߡ
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ƽ֣ǽֳһţҵĽѡ
ž֮ɫĺ꣬ʥǿ߹麣ЩĶߣ񺣵ƽʥ˵
˶֪ϣѵһֲݵľ棬ҲҪԷֱЩ̫ܡ
麣ĳƽĲûз̾Ϣһս죬һֱǽ񺣵ʹ
Ϊս뽣֮˵ĶԹҲ˴ʥѹɽȴûгȡ
ô˵ս춼ǽ񺣵ˣн񺣳棬˴ֻҶս֣˴ʥ֮ûнսɱֻǽѹɽԭΪ񺣡
ʱҶѣ֪᲻޽񺣣ϾսĹϵ
ٴ̾Ϣһƽ̧ͷ֮ϵһһ˵įƺʲôһ㡣
Сڣһ֡
ǿסڵҶʱʶսȻһ޴ޱȣڵʵʹһźܴĺá
Ҷļ㣬ҪʹһʹԼΪﵽ֮ɹ׽٣γԼ
ʱҶžԵţƾŲһǰʥǿߣҲһƴ֮ʼĸ֣޷Ĳһ
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Ҷȴ֪սȻԿٻָڵĺǣպױȵغһսҲźܴ˺
ȴû˿İ취ȻɹɱҶ֪ԼҪ뿪ţʵһ̫ܵ顣
Ҷ죬㾹Ȼɱҵӣ첻ʬΣϷĲݡ
ʱŶʱһ쳹ʵıŭ˶֪ˣŵ쿴Ķŭˡ
һʮѾﵽ֮ĳĻɱ˭ҲܲסĴ
ǻûеȵ֣ƽȴʱ˵֣Ҷһսǹƽ֮µһսʤѷ֣Ѳɵ뷴ڲɣǵָûн˷У
ƽʥĻѾ׼ֵĵ죬ȻͣԲκӣȴܲӡ
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ƽ֣˵Сˮֻд裬ɱ֣Ҷ첻ŵϣȻɱҵӣպ֮ͬδ棿
ʵﻹǺʹĵģȻת֮Ӱ쵽ŵĵλǲô˵һתǿߵǱǾ޴ġ
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ڸղţһϣʮ֮ڴﵽ֮ˣȻ֮ϵɱˣ˵һ޴ʧ
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֣ѵˣѾ˵ã˱Ӯ˿Եõĵʵ֪˫սѲŻƾ֮۸һ겻ɡ
ƽʥĻ˲ûκεķԣ뽣һ򲻺ϵĻ麣ȻҲѡĬϡ
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ʱһֱûп˵ĽȴȻ˵֣֪Ƿ˵䣿
Ȼԡ֮ʹߣɲ׵Ͼ֮һҲ


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Ϊڳ˶ɵϣλ֮ǿ˵֮ƫ̻֮ϵĺ꣬ǹƫ̻
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Ȼ֮뽣֮䲢ûʲôԹҲûκιϸڽųƫ̻񺣵ˣһߵĹ麣ɫЩ̫ÿ
Ѿ໥ս֮꣬˭Ҳκβ˭һκһôƽͻᱻ̴ơ
ֱĽǻҲ޷ܣԻûеȵ˵麣˵ִԲӣϾǱԣǷҪأҿոյս֮УҶǹġ
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ΪһԶʵܹ꣬ɱһʵǿߣҸܹһգʲô
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ΪﵽʥԲܹ֮һ˿־Ѿǰֻ̤֮УֻҪڵתӤѾ̤֮С
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ҶոһûյĻô˽񺣵ıӻҲϾҲ뽣϶档
ҶȻܹԶʵգѾ˵ҶպȫͻƵ֮ôһλǿвڣŽҹѰ
Ϊ󻼣Ѿȫף뽣ΪУҲһҪ׻ɱҶ죬պΪŵв
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Ҷսʱ˴ʥѹǧȴûһγ֣Ѿ˵˺ܶ⡣
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ҶһΪ֪ƽʥڿ˵ٷ֮ǽ񺣵Ϊٴﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
ƺµеɻƽʥʶֻôһӣҲǱˣŻһʱ񺣣ʵôʱ޿»ص񺣡
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֮ûг֣Ҷ֪ٷ֮λ״˵ôԼĸѾԼ뽣ȫĶ
ҶԼʱѣʱԼҲһٻؽ񺣣ȻѾΪʲôҪƤȥ
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Ҷܾ񺣵ƽʥɫһ㶣ɫЩĵ죬һҲЩ㵡
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ƽʥĻ˶һΪǧ֮ǰսʱѾ뿪˽񺣣ս쵱걻˴ʥѹ񺣶ûг档
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Ҷƺ˵ʲôȴƽ˵˵Ѿ˵ˣԽұˣ뿪ҪţԼʵĸǿ
ҶȻǰ߹һȻ񺣶Բǰȴ޿ɺǣһԹֵˡ
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ǲô˵Զ꣬ƺûʶһ㣬һվԭأֻɫЩذˡ
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ҪΪСˮҲµһţӲɱһʣǵŶɱ⡣
Сˮһ뿪ôҶҲһ뿪ԲƽʥôʼնıԼľ
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ѱСˮ޷һ֣޷˵һ䣬ֻԼİˣΪ˵Χ֮С
н˶ӵƣСˮ᲻֪أһ̣ĺúڡ
ʱԼҪӦ޸죬ŵʱԼ̬ǿӲһЩô˵Ͳˡ
СˮڵԼͺһ޼ֻܸɿž֮ϵĴսʼȴ˿ûа취
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֪ʵǵ˵ʵǰһһĶ֣˵ΪѾﵽʮһ޻֮ս˵ҶͲܶԸ˵ġ
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ȴû˿ĵǣȻǰһһʵޱǿ󣬵ȴػ
Ȼʲô໥һĻôԲһһô򵥡
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ĿһܵҶȳˣеս񽣻ӳһ˲䱬һƳգֱӳŻնȥ

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С͵γɣҶʹľһ֮ϣȻûнһ˿Ҷ쵹Ǹеһ˿ȡ
µһ󷨣Щŵ
а뵽ҶʹħӡҶȷԼеħӡһ޴
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Ҳʱħӡҳ飬׵ʧؼ䣬ɫʱ󾪣鱻٣ԤʾҲû꿹ʵ
飬ջħӡҶ첢ûгʤ׷ֻվսıϣǰ˵ұСˮΪУϾҵĵֻһȴƣΪ֤Ȼˣҽձɱ䣬ⶼǾȡԹñˡ
ҶĻ䡣ֱƮ첽ʱչеս񽣸˲䱬һʱӳŻϻȥ
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Ҷ쿴˾ȻǶܵʱϺ¶һ˿ЦݣΪҪ˵ʲôһоС
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˵֮Сˮż⣬Ҷһ£ˮһһҶϡ
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ҶƺûСˮĻĶǰŮӣ˵Щ鲻Ů˸õĵģｻңֻһ䣬Ըһ뿪𣿡
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462 ͷ
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ڣҲ԰ٷ֮ȷһ֣ǵ֮ʹҲ⣬ϾҶɱ̫ŵǿߣų˲ݵľ档
ýŮӽȥǼȫһ̣źǿҵѡΪֻ֪ҪԼѡôҪܵĵ֮磬ͬᱻ۽


465 
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¶һ˿ϲҶպɾ֮λѾϵʵǰŮҶţôʣҶպҲҪһ常
ֻҪһ뵽պһĸɶӣͼѣǰˣ˵Ҷ֣ˮ֣λҲˣСˮҵŮҲԼŮܵʲô˺˼ˡ
źȻ飬ҶӴˮ޳ɫԵޱȵѿȴΪ֮ǰСˮŵĵӣǿýŷ֡
һ̣Сˮţһ½常Ҫˣôض֮硣
֮ǰҵ｣񺣣ΪŻУϾţڣٵ֮ĻôҪţֱһ׾ٵ顣
ã֣ϣ㲻ҪҶ֮飬㱳ŵ֮ʱҲضɱ㡣
Ȼ
Сˮƺ˵ʲôȴǿ뿪֮󣬽Ų˵׼ʱһپȳҶ졣
ĵ˵ͷСˮҲûټʲôʱ֮УҫȻһҵĺһնΡ
ڳˮˮ޳֮⣬˽ԱҶնɱҶӴֱҪ췢ˣɱԼѣպ֮ͬ㡣
޳
ڣʦԸ
ȥɽΣҲҪ붯λʦɽ
ȥ
ˮ޳뿪֮ҶӴʣµʿʼ˵̺ʽĴѲ飬Ȼһ񣬺Ҷƾʧһ㡣
ΨһҶӴеЩǣҶʼնûжŵͨӳ֣֮µκ˶ûȥһˡ
ֱһԼ壬ΪǴﵽ˶ǿߣ֮µ˳֣ôʣʱűضԪˡ


466 
ʱҶӰȻڽСˮǰЩе˵֣Сˮ뿪ţǧ֮ڻϡ
ĵ˵ͷȻѡ˰ǰ꣬žѾΪУڶҶ飬û˿ԥ
Ҳߡ
ҶĻû˵꣬СˮҡͷԼ뿪Ѿٷ֮뵽ҶҪʲôˣĻҶҪŪơ
ҶûпٴοһߵĽţȻһ˵нˡ
˵֮ҶӰٴʧԭأһǰû˿ĳɣеս֮ȥ
һΪﵽ֮ǿҲУ۷ųȴ֪
¶һ˿ЦݣһССĶֱѰ·ֻҪһСָͿȫɱ
ӶԷԼĹǿֱֳȭֲ֮˲䲼һȭһʱײһ
ʱʶһ󷭹ವһһֲʶֱǰ꣬ƺһҶֱӱ䡣
ȻҶûս񽣵ػʶˣҲ˲䱻նΣҪ£Ҷһɱһ۷ǿߡ
ЩУֱֲĽԼϵʱһѾΪʱӡ
׳ϣ֡
Ҷ֣ϾԼһ䣬ҶӴʱһϲ˲һնεʣһγɼл
˦˦ƵԴҶ찵һԼСģ֪ԷΪѾﵽ۷֮һԷʶԼȴǴˡ
û˿ĳɣҶֱӶԼĵ֮ڣøոոϹ󳬼ǿ߶ʱеһŭûнŸƷˡ
Ҷ죬һˣ͸ҹ
һ̣ҶӴ̲סˣ첻ϵĿϵϢţƺҶҳĲݡ
Ҷϣڸô죿
ң첻ôǶҪɱˡ
ʱҶӴ¶һ˿ЦٵʧԭأֱӳڽСˮǰЩʵ֪Ҫȥ
׼뿪ĽСˮȻͣ£סԼĲУῪģЩĻش뿪ˣѲ㻹Ҫҵɲɣ
ᣬҪ뿪ȻԣСˮȴȴ뿪
Ϊʲô
㲻Ҫ͡
СˮѾ常Ȩ뿪ÿ
֣Ҫҳ֡
Ҷҳ֣
ִҪСˮ뿪ĻҾͲˡ
˻ţֱɱһ㣬޲ýԷʬſģֹ˼Ÿֲҳ֡

ʱҶӴɫһ䣬һƳӳֱֲ֮ѹ󣬿ȴ˿գһ̣ҶӴɫӱˡ
ΪڸղţҶȻ󣬿һգ۵ʱٴβˣܵˣô˵ԷһССĶ𣬶һʵİʥǿߣȴȶˣת
֣ٴ˵һ飬뿪СˮȴԣִҪСˮ뿪Ļôһ֡
˶ỳɣһ̵ҶӴѾ˷ŭľͷʱпܱԵ֮ĽţһΪﵽʥǿͬܡ
ŵɫҲЩأƽʱԲẦǰߣȴһˣԼ߻һˣһʲô룬ʱ޷Ҷ콻
ǽͬСˮ뿪ĻôҶҲԲߣֻǳΪﵽʥ֮ǿߣѱȻ᲻ָǿߡ
ʥǿ֣߳ôŻԿ϶ʱҶʵͨ죬ҲԲܻ뿪š
㲻Ƕ뿪ҾͲֱӿʼŵ˳֣ӦţҵʵҪɱ֮µκˣֱһ׾ٵ顣
ʱҶӰٴγǰҶӴȴһصı飬Ϊ֪ǰĺԲ˵󻰣Ϊƾʵͨʱ˳֣ôûһ˿Եֵס
ҿԷ뿪ҲҪӦһ£̸
á
뿪ڿʼ㲻Լ壬Σ
ԡ
Ҷ죬Ҫ
ҶĻСˮ󼱣Ϊ֪Ҷ첻Լ壬ôʱôܻһʥǿߵĶ֡



ʮ ŭ


467 
СˮĻҶ·ûһ㣬ǶСˮߵĽ˵֣鷳ˡ
ĵ˵ͷŲٳɣֱӴСˮ׼뿪ɾʱɽȻ䱻ֲϢȫ֡
˭Ҳ뿪š
һĮӰȻԶֱǰҶӴʱɫʱϲ
첽ǰҶӴĳһ񣬹˵λʦء
ȫߣͷİ׷ķţÿɢϢѾ֤ȫʥĳǿߡ
Ȼŵ˾ͽϣ˵ڰǰѾﵽʥ֪֮ھﵽʲôľ磿
˾ͽϣǿʥĳǿ֪߰Ҷܲӵˡ
˾ͽϣ
µҶʱѾ֪Ȼֵʲôˣ߷ֱϴ˾ͽ϶˾ͽ˾ͽ
Ҷˣ˵ΪѾﵽ˶ʥ֮ϴ˾ͽΪżͻƵļ
˾ͽڴ½ϵ쳣죬ǰǰϵΪͬʱʥֻ֮ɱһʥԲǿߣ¡
ԭŵ˾ͽϣʧʧ
ˣҲǶʱһʵû뵽ҶȻϹǳҪ˵һССĶ𣬾ԼһʥԲ֮ǿߣҲֵʲôô
ǣ
ǰĽţ˾ͽϷʶˣȴκε֮ģϾŵΪѾﵽʥ֮ʥ֮Ҳֻһ֮ң
λʦ壬ǵ֮ʹߡ
֮磿
ҶӴǰ˵ݣ˾ͽϵ϶ʱ¶һ˿أһɢްʥطǿߣҲ£Ƕڵ֮磬ȴޱļɵ
ԭǵ֮ĽŸ£ʧ
һԷȻǵ֮ʹߣϵ̬ȶʱһһٰʮȴת䣬͸ոյ˼ֱˡ
޷Ҫ뿪ţ֪˾ͽΣ
ȻԣŸ¼ȻҪ뿪ŵȻ
ǾͶлλˡ
˵űҪСˮ뿪ȴҶӴɫЩѿ˵֪Ҷֵʲô˼
Ӵ
˾ͽҲЩˣϾڵ֮磬ȻűΪµһţ֮Щ
ҶӴ΢ʶҶСˮ֮ĹϵΪʲôŻŪ˾ͽԽɫԽѿ۱Ŀǰˡ
ҶӴڽ֮˾ͽҲ³Ĵţ˵Ÿ£ڿ뿪Сˮȴԡ
λҲǲ֪ڸղСˮѾţҲѾΪ常ڱҪСˮ
ŵĻ˾ͽתͷһߵҶӴ˼ԲˣҶӴ˵ͷ˾ͽɫѾѿ˼㡣
СˮȻŵĵӣôȫǿСˮȴһˣСˮţһ˽Ϊʦ
Ҳ˵ڵСˮѾǵ֮ˣôԼǿҪСˮĻô֮֮һᷴĿɳ
뵽˾ͽﶼЩǣһ뵽ղˮ޳˵ϸԵƺѾ˾
Ÿ£Ǿ仰뿪Сˮȴ뿪
ѵλҪΪС
¿סСˮ϶ܻˡ
˵֮˾ͽ˾ͽ˵ʱʧԭأڰ֮УʱҶ첢ûжصռڡ
ǵսʵת֮
ǡ
Ҳɱŵڶǿߣ

֪ɡ
֪
֪ԼϢҿȷĸ㣬룬ǾͻɱСˮ
Ҳڶ㡣
ǰĻʥжʱһϲΪǺһʥǿ߶޷ҵټǶҲС
ϾΪﵽʥ֮Լʶȫ뵽֮УʥҲͬˣ˲ð֮ΪеΣգҲҪСˮǣסҶ졣
Ҷ죬㱻˴ʥѹͷβʼնûг֣ȴɱǿߣѲ㿴ź۸ɣ
˾ͽĻҶʱЦЦ֮г˱֮ɫȻҶ첻֪굽׷ʲô飬ȴ֪鲢ǰ˵


468 նɱʥ
Цʲô
޳ܣҿ޳ܵ˶ģŵˣϻ˵Ҫսս
ҶĻλʥеһ˿ȣϷҲһĲ죬һССĶȻʥΪС
ﶼʥ֮Ĳֱ̫ˣһʥҪɱһ𣬼ֱһֻࡣ
ҵò˿Ļᣬ϶֡
֪ˡ
䣬˾ͽӰѾʧԭأֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿߣû˿ĳɣֱӳǰȥ
˾ͽǰֻΪոմﵽ֮ӲһƣǻûеӦ˾ͽɫʱ䡣
սס
սףȻƷ飬Ǿһս˶֪սʣƾսֲķս£ӲĿס˰˴ʵһ
˴ʵһεȿֲôһս¸ȫĵֵȥ˵սײ˭š
ս׵ʱ򣬲˾ͽûгֵ˾ͽҲǾ䣬һԿΪ֮
϶Ƚս
״磬ҵġ
λʥһ˲һļϣ֮˾ͽ緢˷ƵĿʼǰ꣬ÿһȴǡôɱС
Цһ˾ͽ˼Ҷ᲻֪ȴһֱûʹþһΪҶһʥǿ˵ʹһҲû˿ʤĿܡ
ڵȣһõʱ֣һУϼһ֪ʱҪ͵Ϯɹֱϼѡ
ڡ
˾ͽ¶һ˿ҶŹǧѷĻᣬеս񽣶ʱǣһգ۵ʱ䣬սѾǳΪһͨ޽
϶ġ
磬ҡ
űǵľ޽ֱ˾ͽûӹǰ꣬ΪվţôǿҲһʥĶ֡
һ
һʱҶٴʹ˲񷽣ĵڶһΪ֪ʹһܻɱǰʥ
Ҷһ֮ʹβһҲ˵㵽ʱܹɱ˾ͽҲϾɣӶ˿ſ֮
ҶڸܲЩΨһһĺôǣһʹĲһҶԼײ񷽣Ÿ̵⡣
ֻҪΪʱܹ˳֮ôʱٴʹһҲκεĲʣʱ𣬴Ƿ񶨵ġ
ǰͨ޽ϺȻľ콣׼ٴγֵ˾ͽȻɫ䣬Ӷ̲ס΢Ĳһ¡
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գ
˿ž֮һνյ꣬ÿһﶼ̲סһ˵һɺϵĻôһأ
յֻͨΪﵽ֮ĳǿ߲ܹӵеģһΪֻǸոմﵽ꣬ȴڲʱ֮ڣεʹգζʲô
ܡ
һ˾ͽȴûиҳ֣ΪֱߵջûɢȻһʥͬա
սƺܽգСӣѵתĹ֮зʲô⣿
˾ͽţЩֵĿž֮ϵĺ꣬Ȼں֣֪һǷ䡣
ʱԼ֣껹ܼ⾪һĻô׼£㲻Ҳضˡ
֮ϣҶǿڵڲҪ˵һʥǿߣһһ̶û׽ɱ
ҶȴȻֱվھ֮ϣΪֻ֪ҪԼ¶һ˿ƣǲôĺֻһµ˾ͽʬ
ɾʱһ˿˿ı˳ĵﴫ壬ȻȻеȽ֮ǰѾָ˺ܶࡣ
ҶϲΪٶȥһʱʹһķ֮᳹׵Ļָ
һµͷܹӿٶȣôĻָҲԽ죬ֻҪָôͿٴʹһܶ˵ڵΪֻǴﵽ˶֮ҲƵʹһ
һ뵽Ҷй̲סľϲ֮飬ΪֻҪܹʹһû˿ĲʣôʱʥǿߣҲҪʲô


469 
˾ͽҶҲʱ価ָ֮ǵڵصȴСһ˼ɴ
ҵҪҪأ
ž֮ϵĺ꣬˾ͽžҵһյֱ̫ˣҪһʥ۷ǿ߶Ҫ𺳵Ķࡣ
Ҷ죬һΣ
˵
˾ͽȻֵ̬ȣҶֱ֮ãܹһһõķ֮ȫָʱƾŲһҲʥһս
ǾͰӴа취ϽսĻ֮ĶԹһʹҲ԰ȫ뿪Σ
ҿԿһ¡
Ļ˾ͽдϲҲһɻӣϾ˿ɲὫԼ꽻
ãҸʱǵʱ䡣
ʱ
жʱϲΪӵаʱҶ֪Լȫָ֮ҲԿԻָ˰ߣʱȫǿʹһ
ʶֳɣһʱעŵµʥһʥһʶȴ뵽ĵ֮ڣԴԴڵ
ǵҶԼĵڿԴͷʱüͷһţΪȻ֣ľȻһʯ
ɫͨʯǵħ֮ڵõǿʯһֱҶûʯȴû뵽ʯȻܹصϻָơ
ʯǰҶĦǰʯʯϲϴҶжʱϲҲͬһ˿ء
ЩصȻɱصɱ
ԭҶ췢֣ǰʯϣɢȻؼΪɱ֮һһ˿˿ɻС
Σصɱһָ֮պиãҲܲôˡ
˵֮Ҷ첻˼ɣԼʶ֮˲뵽ʯ֮ڣȴ˲䱻һɿֲɱ赲
ܽ
ҶɫԵޱأΪʶ޷뵽ʯڣҲǲܵõɱҲܸĻָ
׸ôأ
ĶǰĴɫʯҶһʱ˳˼֮Уʶ޷ʯ֮Уô׸ʲô취أ
Ժ֮һҶʱ뷨֮壬֮иڤȻɱ˵Խ롣
һ˿˿ڤʶ֮Уٴν뵽ʯ֮ڣαȽ˳һ·֮ϸûκε
ǻûнٲ֮ԶҶʶٴαһǿҵɱ赲סҶȴ˲ô࣬Ϊ֣ɱҪȸղŵǹŨĶࡣ
ʱԿָҶԺ֮в֪ΪʲôȻһΪع
Ϲʱһ취֮Уһ󾳽磬ÿһ綼ͨ쳹֮ܡ
һֻΪﵽ֮ſҶԭһһǧɣ֮Ҫȵ¡
΢΢һ̾ҶǿѹԼеĳ嶯Ϊջֱ̫ˣϹžѧѾʧֻΪﵽ֮ſһ硣
ǺεȵĹȻҪʵʵſһ磬ǵڶأڵѲҪﵽ֮ſڶ
ʱҶʶȫ뵽֮ڵɱ֮УʼٽԼϵƻָ֮ٶҪȸղſ屶
ʱһֱĬ˾ͽȻ˫ۣž֮ϵĺ꣬˵ʱѹӦд˰ɡ
Ȼ˫ۣЦһҶĮ˵ҵȴ˾ǹսĿƷھͽ㣬ҪӦһ¡
ԡ
û˿ԥ˾ͽһֱΪһССĶʲôˣҪܹһգȥɱˡ
ҽսİ취ڸ㣬ʱҰȫ뿪һҪСˮһ뿪
û⡣
ɡ
ĵ˵㣬˾ͽһž֮϶ȥܿѾٲλվʱҶеս񽣺Ȼ䶯ˡ
һ
Ҷȵľʱ̣ΪԼֻʹһлɱǰߣû˿Ļᡣ
֪һУҶ죬ɡ
䣬ʮֵ֮ѹǰ꣬ʹ÷Բǧ֮ھȻһյشҶĲһȻʧȥԭ


470 һ
ܱĿռ䣬Ҷд󾪣ʵ벻ף˾ͽνԼܿռģϾ򶼿ӡ
Ϊﵽ֮γԼԼ֮УƬףκ˶ᱻ׻ɱ
Ϊﵽ֮ôڵͻתΪ֮һӾ޴֮ƿҲΪʲôһʿնɱһԭ
Ϊﵽʥ֮ڵ֮תΪ֮֮ҲγһС͵Ķռ䣬ÿռʱ
ÿռʱֻΪﵽʥĳǿ߲ſʹ֮ռ䣬ռ֮ڣκ˶޷ʹ
ǰҶȻʥǿ߽֣ǵʱĶǻûüǱ͵Ϯˡ
ԶһʥͨҶֱڲ˽⣬֮ĽҶԼĲһȻʹȴƲա
ô˵ΪֻǸոմﵽ˶֮Ϊֻܹ֮һ棬ôȫת
Ҷ죬㻹ǹԹɣ㶼ܻ뿪ţھʶһŵĵһ񽣡
񽣣
˾ͽĻҶ֮⣬˵ɫʱ䣬СˮɫѲ԰ޱȣƺһ̱еһ㡣
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˵ŵ񽣱Ϊһ񽣣Ϊﵽ֮ĳǿߣҲ㲻񽣵ɱ
Ȼûаʶ˴˵ȿһսһʶµһ񽣵ܣҡ
һĪ⣬٣ҶҲ޷ȫ뿪ˡ
ŲԶСˮٴȻûۼʶ񽣣񽣵û˵
񽣣ŵһ񽣣ҲǴ½һ񽣣˵һ֮еõǾ꣬Ȼûܹ񽣽
ĲоȻûܹ񽣳׽ȴһ˿ܣǧ֮ǰֲóһд󣬳ΪŵĻڴ
˵ŵڴ֮ͨ죬Ϊµһȫƾŵһ񽣣Ϊۡ
Ȼͨ죬ȴһƣǾǲ뿪壬Ҳֻ֮вܷӳʮ֮һ
ʵ˸֪ΪʲôſԳΪµһţôŶŸ໥ȴûС
Ҳûһ˸£ԭʲôʵһ̣ѾµһЩԭ¾ѵһ񽣡
Сˮŵ񽣵ʲôã
ŵɫҲѿˣΪСˮıϣԼ֪񽣵һЩѾ֪Ҫˡ
常˵ŵ֮ϣһͨ񽣣Ϊ񽣣ǵãͨ죬Ҫ˵̤һôֻҪд󣬵ʱһҲҪ䡣
ʲô
СˮĻŶʱһȻдԣŵĵһ񽣣ͨ죬ն񣬿ʼղ̫ţСˮ˵֪Ѿȷ
ƺÿһʹ֮ÿʮٴһΣôŻûʹùһΣΡ
СˮĻȻû˵꣬е˼ԲҲû뵽ΪһССĶžȻԸô˵񽣽ɱ
ҲȻˣȻҶΪֻǸոմﵽ˶һǰҶһֻϰˡ
ֻֻϱȽǿһˣҶǱȴޱȾ޴ʵȻԽգʲô
һֻΪﵽ֮ǿ߲еͨھȻһССôպĳɾͰٷ֮ٻﵽ֮
Ҷ뿪ôҶȫھΪֻǴﵽʵѾô̬żֱţʱΪﵽҶ죬ʵֻﵽôĵز
Сˮ֪ƽ󣿡
ĵ˵ͷСˮȴ¶һ˿Щʹ˵˵ҪƵֻопܣǸղѾҶȫ٣ѾҲû顣
󣿡СˮĻҲʱеһ֣һʱ֮䲻֪ôźá


471 СˮҪ
Сˮ֪ôʱ򣬾֮ϵ˾ͽȴʱ˫־죬ﲻ֪ʲôֻһ˲ֱͷ֮ϡ
ʮŵ˾ͽʦС
˾ͽƮڳÿһ˶Уʱϵı鶼һ˿𺳡
˾ͽΪѾﵽ˶ʥ֮ȴԶһ޵˺ʦ壬һʥʦ壿ʲôʵ
ʥԲǿߡ
֮ߵĻСˮϣȻһ˿ȷһ̵СˮţΪѾˡ
ʥԲСˮô£һƺµʲôȻȷ󼱲ɴʵ
常ʵŸǿߣֻЩһ㶼ôΨһĿͻޣﵽľ硣
СˮʼĿһ۾֮ϵĺ꣬˵ЩǿȻ飬ȴƹһֲĶؼһ
˼˵ЩΪﵽǿߣƹŵĵһ񽣣µһ󣿡
ĵ˵ͷСˮ˵λʦŲ֣֮ԲԶȴû뵽
ʵСˮͷβû뵽Ϊ˶ԸԼİˣȻϧΥλʦֱӿ
ʱŵȻʼ΢Ĳ˲ָƽ֮һ翵ÿһ˶С
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˾ͽ¶һ˿ϲ󹧹˵ǧѣΪֲҴżλʦ뼸λʦɱˡ
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˾ͽʹһΣһ֮󣬲ܽΣٴʹ񽣣Ƿף
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ʱһ˲仮Ƴնֱӽ뵽˾ͽԺ֮У壬ÿһһмϻһ
Ҷ죬һҿԸ㣬Ҷôһ㽫İܡ
ɡ
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Ҳ뿪ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ÿĿϣȵҲ򶨡
˵֮˾ͽֿץ֮һνӰϣӰɢǿֱ˷Բĵط
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СˮŽŵ仰Ȼ䣬Сˮ֮бɼᶨƵ־ƺѾʲôһ㡣
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ҾͲŵסһ
쿴һ۾֮ϵ񽣣ҲʱնŽɢǿ⣬ҶɫԵޱȲ԰ף񽣿ҪնʱһӰԶĵط
СˮҪ


472 
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ž֮ϵ񽣺ݺݵնСˮϣû¹Ҷ죬һ̺ȻеԼˣ׵׵ˡ
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Сˮµһ̣սѴϣԼҲѾУǱһ̣˲仯ΪС
СˮϵıսҲ˲䱻ն飬ʱһˮɫӺȻƯСˮͷ֮ϡ
飡
顣
˿СˮͷϺȻֵʱȫˣ麣˾ͽҲˡ
췢һҶûȥʲô飬ΪնһʥҲܳܵסӲҪ˵һСС
һҶѾСˮǰ˫ֽסѾСˮҶ˫Ѿͨ˫ҲڲϵĲš
ʱҲҶУ飬Ҷٴ챯һΪѾ֣ԼеİѾˡ
ŻСˮϢϢҶȻѪӾ֮ϵǿסеıҶĶŵµ˵ȻɱСˮ
ҲǸеһ˿ΣΪƾ񽣿һٻɱҶ죬ȴû뵽ؼʱСˮȻھ֮ϣҶֵסһ
ȴֻܶһ񽣣Ҳ˵ҪɱҶ죬ԼҶǸͨΪ
Ҷ죬ϻ˵㶼Ҫ
ƾ㣿
ʱ򣬸ոʥսĶսҲˣһһ϶źصƣϵϢҲڲϼ
ǵһһոͣʱȴȻǰƺЩ̫Ծһ껳еŮӣһжѾס
һһи̾Ϣһһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôǸոʥսսˣʥֻ΢ơ
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ҶĻ˾ͽЦЦ֮г˳һССĶ𣬾Ȼ˴Բѡ
ʥҲʱһӵеǿսһʥʥʵ˵նɱһôǿȥˡ
֣ߣ졣
ƺ˵ʲôû˵̾Ϣһתٵļȥһգ۵ʱѾʧ˵С
ȴûгأΪǵҪĿҶ죬ڶܣȴǵ飬ŰͲö뿪ء
Сڣȥ
ĵ˵ͷսҲûж˵ϻֱӻصսڣһ̣Ҷйص˻Ѿȫʧ
СˮϢһᣬɱЩ˾ʹȥ𣿡ĿŻеŮҶ˵һ䣬СˮҲʧĻУصսڡ
СˮʧҶȡŸ룬Ҷħ֮ڵõľħ룬Ҳħǿ߾ħʥ
յõս¼֮еһС֣Ӷ֪һϹΪ񣬿ǲôʹã޷ʹ
Ͼս״ǸԼıΪԴҲ˵ս챾ˣ˸޷ʹ
Ҳ찲ţҶħ򣬲õʯһõ˾ħ룬ͺǸһ㡣
žħ룬ھĹ˲ԺУû˿ĳɣԼϲͬλϡ
ھȫҶŸѨλʱҶϺȻ䱬һɾ˵ϢҶΪҲٵš
ҶΪǶ֮žϣΪʼǣ۷壬һ棬棬棬۷壬һʣʣʡ
˾Ÿ磬ֱӴӶ֮뵱սʵΪҲѾ޼
׷ʲô룬Ϊʲô˵ΪͻȻôߣ
֮˾Ÿ磬ҵϵۡ
Ϊﵽ֮ΣſʥʥʥڴˣҲ֮Կ
֮ΪȻӶֱ֮˾ͽҲһĳԾʵ벻ͨ׷ʲô룬ΪΪʲôͻȻôࡣ
Ϊ֪֮䣬˾Ÿȼ֮ǰΪֻǶ꣬ʵѾ˱̬˲ţΪʵʵֻﵽôĵز


473 
ھĽΣҶ֪ͬǵΪŸ磬ﵽ֮Ҳʵһ
֮Ѿ뵱սΪһȼҪ֪սʿƾ۷ʵɱʥĳǿߡ
һ̣ҶžԵţʵʵϲһնɱʥ۷һκεߣʥ۷ǿڡ
˾ͽϹ
ŭһΪѾ֮Ѿ㹻ʵ뿪ҪŹ
üһվ񽣶ʱУҶû˿ĳɣһ˲ʹŵµ˾ͽնȥû˿֡
񷽣ڶһֻΪﵽ֮ʹ֮ǰҶȻʹȴᱻɣȴһˡ
ͨ񣬶ħħΪҶΪ˲ﵽʣȫʹһ
ߣ֮Ҳ⡣
һ˾ͽûнҶҶΪʱ֮Σһʥͬһֻϰˡ
˾ͽˣĴǿҲ֮ˣĴǿ߷ֱ˾ͽҶӴ죬֡
ʥʥ󳬼ǿʩչͬСɣҪ˵һʣʥڴˣҲᱻ
ɾǿΣҶУҪ˵ǿߣڴˣҲɱ󣬾顣

һָո˵ҶĲһѾն£ݺݵն˲ϣû˿Ϊﵽʥ֮Ĳ֣˲䱻նΡ
һβһûƿգȴˣΪѾﵽʥ֮Ĳֶ޷סһ
űһնεĲ֣жʱһһɱһʥǿߣʵѾвǡ
һ̣ѾٶԶκε֮ģ˺ȻһۣӸԵ֮Ѿʲô
˷ֱĸ԰Χ֮ƳΧȥϱǿϢֱӽмС
첻ΣǶҪ
Сӣ޵òŲҰĵط
ԴӾΪﵽ֮ҶҲ˲ս¼ĵڶ㣬ս¼ڶҲΪ²
Ϊﵽ֮Դս¼ڶϰ벿֣Ϊܹﵽ֮Դս¼ڶĺ벿֡
ڴս¼ڶʱһѹ˲ӿ뵽ҶԺ֮Уȴûʱϸϸ۲죬ֻǿм
ڶ๦֮УҶҵһΪصĽؽ˵Ǿһһһ
һһڵĵһؽһУһһڶΪա
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬ҶȻ֣ԼĲ񷽣þؽֻûؽķˡ
ԭԼĲһΪգѹֿƿգؽҲǲ񷽣ķҶԼĲһġ
˫˲䶢ס֮еİʥǿʥѾˣһٴʹûٸκεĻᡣ
Ҷ죬ɡ
˭֪أ
Ҷˣֱչ޲˲ʧԭأٶ֮죬Ҫ翲֮ϣһ
޲ҲҶս¼ڶ֮ѧãһս¼ڶڵϹҪҶΪﵽ֮޷ѧá
ֻ˲ĹҶѾߣû˿ĳɣֱһն֮ϡ
ٶ֮죬˰ʥڣ˭ҲûпֻһӰ˲Ρ
ҽгһΪﵽʥ֮ĳǿٴαɱʥǿſĻᶼûü
֮ǰҶɱһʥǿǽҵĻôٴλɱһʥǿߣ¾Ͳǽôˡ
Ҷ죬ס֣ҪȻҽؽʬΡ
ʥǿߣ˾ͽҲʱĻˣϾʥǿ߶˵Ҫġ
Ӹտʼڣٶ̶̵ļʱڣѾɥʧ˺üʥǿˣȥŵĸҪˡ
ʬΣҪûǸˣѾ˵첻
ЦҶٴʹ޲֮УΪ͵ҶӴȥתۼѾҶӴǰ
ҶӴ˲Լǰ̲ס¶һ˿֣Ѿղţһ̵һɱħֹܹŲ


474 ۷
Ҷ죬Ҷҳ֣
һ̣ҶӴ׵ĺˣֵĶûˣϾǰѾʥǿУʥǿߵʵҪ֮ϡ

ûǰߣԴСˮһ֮ҶѾ׷ˣǿ߶֡
һٴʹֱӺݺݵĳǰնȥ˸е𺳵һˣҶӴΪﵽʥǿߣȻվԭһɶԷĽնԼϡ
û˿ʵǿŰʥǿ߶Ҷһ֮£Ӳ˵ڻֵ¡
һҶӴնΣҶû˿ֱͣӳʣµʥȥеսٴξ
֮ǰҶ⧲֮£ƾʵѾնɱΪﵽʥ֮˾ͽ֮һ˾ͽ
ҶΪŸ磬ֱӴӶ֮Ϊʾ磬ҶڵʵƾŲ񷽣ʥǿ߶ս
ҪԵȴʥҶ컹ûŵԼʥ֮º֮ǰԥ뿪
һСˮδҶѾŹԾǰʥҲ˿ûκεá


Լ֣ԷȻҳ֣¿ɳ׵ļŭʥû˿飬ֱ֮ӽ֮пռȫᡣ
˫ص֮ռ䣬¾һʥڴˣҲƿϾΪﵽʥֻ֮Ƕʶͨ
Цһʥõ˫֮ᣬҶû˿ĵǣ֮ǰͿƿӲҪ˵ڡ
սһӣֻתʱ䣬ʥõ֮˲һ˿ûн𣬺Ƶġ
ʥʱ󾪣ʵû뵽һССʾȻܹƿµ֮ռ䡣
Ҫ֪ʥֶĿռ䣬Ҫ˵һССʣһΪﵽʥĳǿߣҪҲҪһЩʱ뾫

Ȼ֣ҶƺȫǿɱɾʱҶںȻƮһģһŴɫġ
ɱ¾֮ģȻƯĴɫģǵڵ֮磬͸ɱ¾֮ģںȻҶͷ֮ϡ
ɱ¾֮ģոճҶͷ֮ϣ˲仯һɹɴɫֱӽ뵽ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬һɱ¾֮ıѾȫΪ뵽Ҷڡ
ɱ¾֮ĺҶϺȻ䱬һɾɱֱӽʥɢϢӲѹȥ
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ԭƾΪѾ˾ŸȼֱӴӶ֮֮֮ĸо
ڣȫںɱ¾֮ĵΪٴαǣ֮ٴ۷壬ҲǵսΪ
սƾ۷ʵһɱ˰ʣһܹɱΪﵽʥǿߡ
ڵҶҲʱﵽ۷徳磬Ҳ˵ҶѣΪҲֻ۷徳磬ҶȴѾʱﵽˡ
ŲԶΪٴαǣʥ񿴹һ㿴ţƺΪʲôȻ֮Ϊ֮ࡣ
Ҫ֪ȻʹطʱΪһ⣬ֻҪͨطʱΪĻôأеĿȥ
֪߾ܹʹطΪҲһȼҲѾǶˡ
ڣ겻֪ʹʲôطȻԼŸȼһȼҲ˵ȺʮȼһССĶֱ֮һΪﵽ۷ĳǿߡ
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ŲԶĺ꣬˾ͽʱҲŪˣ֪Ϊʲô˾ͽȴ֪ܹȥˣ֪᲻ᵽʱΪֱʥ֮µʱֶˡ
ܣΣ˶֣ؽ˻ɱ˵֮˾ͽһȴĳˣΪڵȥ˾ͽҲû˿ĳɣĴһˡ


475 ߴʥ
á
ʥԼ֣Ҷ첢ûκεĵǣһ˷ܵĸоһʵʰɱΧߡ
еս񽣣Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ˲ӳһΣһֱӽʥܵȫƿ
һգԭʥĶͨȴս죬нҶʹ˳һսΣҶĴϽ¡
ܣ֡
д󾪣˾ͽҲû뵽Ŀʹյı죬ʥרͨ˾ͽ˱ĺһ
ڸݲκεĿǣյֱױȣ˵ΪѾﵽ˶ʥ֮ҲԿա
Ҷɲ飬һոʹڶʹܷԲ׵˲ݣһ˿˿ֲϢ¶
ʥֱּˣѾȫԿ϶ǰĺ꣬˲ʹյͨôҪôһսܲʤˡ
ܣСġ
ûе˾ͽ˵ֻ꣬˾ͽǰһѪըûе˾ͽüȥѾɡ
һΪﵽʥĳǿߣ׵Ļɱһ˿ûнռٴλָƽ
Ҷ죬
һ̣˾ͽ׵ķˣĶܣܽԱɱǿʥǿ߰кüʥǿߡ
ҵҪ
䣬ҶֱӳһʥǿȥֻҪɱ˾ͽôҲûܹ赲ʱҪɱˡ

Ҷ׼ٴγֵʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһ޵ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ߵӰʱǰ
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λߣ˾ͽɫʱһϲڳˣֱӶ˹ĹȥϵֱҪȼֶġ
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ʥ۷壬ʥʵ֮ѾܹԿ˾ͽ˼ֱѡ
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ߵĻҶϾȻ¶һ˿֮ɫЩ˵ӿʼž˵ҪɱңǵڣȻš
𣿡
ƵĻ䣬Ĵʥ˲֣ʦȻֻһ֮֮ĲȴޱȾ޴ġ
Ĵʥֲ֣¾һʥԲҲǰǿҪɱ˶̫ܣӲ˵һ۷ǿˡ
ҶɫҲԵޱأʥ֣Ҳ˿ʤĿܣ򲻹Ǿͼ£ҶΨһ뵽ġ
뵽ҶӰʱʧԭأֱӶĵռڣҶ㹻ţҪ˵񣬾ֻҪԼռ䣬˭Ҳҵ
׼ֻɱĴʥȻȫ˵أΪȫû뵽Ȼ˿ǵƤӵʧˡ
Ҫ֪˵ΪѾﵽʥ֮ڴˣ򲻿˿˵֮ʧġ
أ
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Ƿֱңô춼뽫ҳ
ɫѾޱȣҲʵû뵽Ȼ˿ߴʥǰʧҶԷʲô񼶱ǿߣֻһССʡ
˸Ե˵ͷ˭Ҳû˵ٵķֿԲͬķٵȥԭֻ
ʱ֮ߴʥ¾ףÿһ˵ϽԶд˲˼飬ΪʱѾȥǾȻ޷ҵӰ


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ĴʥеһߣɫЩѿĿǰʵֱڣЩ벻ͨ굽ôߴʥƤ֮ġ
󡣡
û˵ģƵĻո˵꣬˵ɫ˲䣬ͬʱеʵʦ֣λʦ֮֮ʣ׼
ʦ˵Ķԣʮʱ޸ǲܶġ
ʦ֣һССʣòɣ
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˵ʥ۷֮һߴʥ֮У˵Ϊﵽʥ۷ֱ֮Ǵʦƣʦʦ
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ڣһΪԭֻǸոմﵽ꣬ȻԽգʩչſյͨѾˡ
ʦ֣ӵŽյͨΪȴֻ֮˵ʵѵԻɱ𣿡
ʦ֣ʦ˵ĺܶԣȻԻɱˣʮ֮ȴʹһ£ʱô죿
֮УΪﵽʥȫͬʣµˣΪԶǴﵽʥԲ֮ȴȫͬ
˵֮ǰı£ôӦһӶ󲻿һ̣ƺ¶˾һ㣬˵˽첻ôպű𡣡
˽첻ôպű𡣡
ʦֵۣ˵ɫʵһΪ˽ʦ֣¾ϵһˣȴ˵Ŀ϶
ȻˣӴʦֵĵǲ󡣡
ã˷ֱռһ壬Һʦء
ǡ˵֮ĴʥٵĳŸԵȥֱǽз壬ľз壬ˮз壬з壬Ƿ塣
˸ոȥ׼ʼʱ򣬾֮ϵԶȻǿϢֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ƽ˵С
һʼʥѾֱ֣ڣ˲ڷֳʤû˿ʥսʤһΪѾﵽʥ۷ĵ졣
Ϊ񺣵ˣƽʥûбĶƽҲһֱȥôɡ
ƽʥл뿪ŵģϾҪһʥȴеѶȣҵ컹ǹ֮ϵҶ졣
ƽʥȴû뿪ѡ·壬ΪҪҶһ뿪Ҳϧ


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ȴ㹻ţҪ˵һʥΪһʥ۷ǿߣĽԷɱ
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ҶʱһԴӱ˴ʥһֱ֮ƻ˸߰㣬һغˣҶתûпס˴ʥһҪ׻ֱָϼѡ
һ취ָ״̬˵һͻƵ㣬ﵽתĵת
Ŷʲô취ҶûӦΪԼ̫Ҫֱָ̫ˡ


483 Ѫת
ҪСڵİæ
Сڣ
ԣСھһ壬Ӧһڴ½ϵĵλСǾһ壬ʵΪǿĺһ壬ӵмСڵıѪô
У⻰պ˵ҲӦġ
ûеȶܰѻ˵꣬Ҷ񶨵Ѫʲô˼˭ҪĶ࣬һôĺͬ
ѪǾΪҪĶһϵıѪ޼ʧȥ˱ѪôСڲʵ½˵ʱΣա
Ȼ껹ûоѣҶȴףСԼƽԼĹϵֵܣֵܸ׵ֵܡ
ҶСʲô˺һ㶼ԣΪǰСھΪѾˡ
ȻƲҶֱڻҪСڵıѪ˵ʲôҲӦġ
Ҷ죬Ұѻ˵ֻ꣬ҪСڵʮαѪɣʮαѪС˵κεӰ졣
УҪ˵ʮαѪһαѪҲӦҵԼ취պᡣ
΢΢һֻ̾Ҫǰϵı飬ܾѾ֪ʵʩϾҶԸ˽ⲻˡ
ϣֻҪʮαѪ𣿡
ʱ򣬷ںȻһֻһ׶೤ĺɫһֱսڵսҶҪʮεıѪСڸû˿ĳɣҶͷ
ҶϵʹɫȻĵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪʮεıѪҶָ״̬˵ʱ򻹿ͻƾתĵת
תĵת
ΪѾﵽʮһ޻֮תתսҲʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ϊս֪ϹתʺҲתĵת
Ҫתת֮ϵĵתתĪĻת֮ϡ
Ҷ죬ƾԼĻת˵ת˵ȵȸӿתǿʷϣûйġ
ϣҸô
УҲͬ⡣
ɫЩѿԼֵܳȫԼҲҶеֻǼᶨƵɫ
Ҷ죬뱨𣿡
Ȼ֪С⻰ʲô˼ҶȻ˵ͷСڼʵСˮ𣿡
ٴε˵ͷ£Ҷζ룬Ҫ̸ףȻշ񽣣ȴ޷ʹ񽣡
ȴӵߴʥи˵Ϊﵽʥ۷֮ʵҪ˵Ҫ串ҲЩ췽ҹ̷
ҪȻСˮҪҵ壬һҪҵݣֱȵ컹ѣСˮѣҲ֪Ҫʲôʱ
Ҷ죬ʧȥʮαѪʲôģǶ̫ˣھ͵γʮαѪòãǾͿˡ
˵֮ҲҶ˵ʲôСֱüһʮζĴɫѪ建Ѫɢһɹɾ˵ҪǶȲ֣˵ҿջͱ׻ˡ
γʮαѪ֮Сƺ΢Ĳһ£ʵСʧȥʮαѪ˺Ǿ޴ġ
ΪҶ쾡ظҪ˵ʮαѪҪϵıѪϧֱӻصսڡ
Ҷ죬ҵѷ磬ҪСڵʮαѪȡͻƾתĵתû˵꣬ܵӰѾʧڷڣֻ¿ʮαѪҶ졣
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ոշ£Ҷоһ˲䴫ȫӴֱ뵽澭ȫѪҺƺʼ
Ϊ½Ϊǿ֮һѪѾǼƷеļƷѰ˷һѪΪгĳ
ӲҪ˵ҶµǱѪҶµıѪ֮УΪǿĺһ壬ͨ˷£ֱӱᱬ
ҶȴᣬΪ˾תһ˾תĵתҶѴﵽһֲĵزҪȻҲСڵıѪˡ


484 
һαѪ˲ϣҶֱȡڶαѪȻû˿ĳɣڶαѪֱӷ¡
ʱǺȻΪڽ죬ǵľ֮ϣȻȫͨľ
ܵһʱ䷢˾֮ϵеЩǣ֮ϵΪֻǸոմﵽ߼״̬
߼ľһǾһ֮Уʵλµĺһ壬аգ֮ڽȫ
ھ֮ϲϵĻž޴ֱֲѹǣƺҪǳ׻һ㡣
ǸܵСڵıѪҪҪ֡
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Ȼһھһ֮Уǵλʵεģ˸һɱôһ嶼֡
ȻܺԸҲûԸԼһ֮Կ壬ô˵СҲǳ壬νɮ濴档
ûгֶԸǵͨˣֻҶڵĿջĸӦǺġ
ˡɾ׼Ҫֵʱ򣬴ԶһԺ֮УȻһӰ˲ǰ
ۣ֮УӶŵųˡ
²һûȻǣӶŵųأһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ΪһӶŵųҲǼʶ㣬Ѿܱ½ǻûнһ塣
һ壬Ϊ˵֮е壬ĿǴ½Ϊǿ֮һȻǰֻֻ߼ڣǷȴû˿֮ġ
֪λкιɣ
زûʧһȻǿޱȣһΪܹﵽʮһ֮ܿ˵ʵǿҲ޷˵
Ȼ˵ֻҪΪܹﵽ֮ʯ壬ڹͨ
𾴵ãλԾһĺһ壬ԳΪˣȺ
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𾴷﷢Լͬ飬Ҫһ֪𣿡
˴صɫЩϾǰĿǿֲϢѾͿ̿ˡ
ƺǰеĵǣ˵𾴵£㲻õʲôֻҪȥǼҿջûҪҵͬ飬ûеĻǼ뿪
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Ҷڹؼʱ̣ܸȥҪ˵صΪֻǴﵽ֮ʥڴˣҲܽ롣
ʸǺˣ
һۿܵʱ򣬷һͻΪ۵ʵȻ޷͸ǰӵʵΪ
͸ԷΪ޷ֿܣһ֣ԷϢĹڶ֣ԷʵԱߡ
ֿ֮У뵽ıǵڶ֣ǰΪҪǿǿܶ࣬һ뵽֮ϻȺ򣬷һʱ֮Ҳܲôˡ
ҵݲҪֻ֪Ҫסһ㣬طڿʼѾΪǵĽأκ̤벽
ԸµʵӦ֪ھ֮ȺҪǲŪʱһŭǶᴦˮ֮С
ҲЩڿ뿪ˡ
ƺ˵ʲôǶȴֱӱ˫ۣڿһ£ƺûнһ㡣
ǿѹԼŭ𣬷ɫѾЩѿ˵ϣԴΪأȻִⲻԸÿôĪӲˡ
˵ŷرҪӲҶķ䣬ǶӦֱͷųԼϢֲϢֱӽغɨ˿ջ
·Ҳ޷ƽΪѾȷԷʵԱǿ󣬶ҪǿĶָ࣬оԷҪɱ²Ѵ֮
ֱƽʱǸһ߶ûУأ֮񣬶ڣһΪĪĳǿߡ
ܹǵģ۵һĽܹ˵ã΢΢һ̾ҲֻӲͷƤء


485 Σ
˵ʲô˲飬ʲôˣ
صĻڳ׵ıŭˣγִڷص·УȻоϢ
һ֮£ȫ𺳣Ϊ鵽ϢȻǺһ壬һǺһıѪ
Ҫ֪峤Ǻһ壬Ϊһ֣ʵ֮ǿԹᴩ壬ҺһΪϡ٣һ£峤Ὣ񽻸һ塣
ڣСС֮УȻ˺ϢһǺѪϢʲô
ͬʱ뵽һܣǾɱһ뵽ٿǰ࣬Ѿһɱ
أҪȥ顣
ڵĻؼֱʲôʲôȥһʱղǸӷʲôֱԿ϶˲ͻ군
ΣȥõǣڵʵֻǴﵽ߼ΪȴѾﵽ֣֮Ľڸϳǡ
λ԰ֻ꣬һ˾סĵطλ룬ôʱиʲôʧ֪Ҫ˭

ûеȷذѻ˵꣬ھȻȻ֣ǿ֮˲֮Уֻ·භʣµѾųڷȥ
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һߣʵû뵽Ϊ½Ϊ߰壬Ȼѡ͵ϮҪǴȥ˲ͻһǧɡ
زô˵ΪҲѾﵽ֮㱾ڣΪȴҪڸ߳һλ
һ־ϬɱУΪѾԼ׻ɱڣȻӴʱҪҲˣܲܽŭһЩͨϰɡ
Ҫңȥ˵
˽ŭͬҲû뵽ǰߣȻҶ֣Ϊ½߰壬ưոݡ
Ҳû˿ĳɣֱӳŵµڶȥϾ˵һ
ڴͷβΪڣһɱһ壬Լ˲ȵĻʱ峤ֻ֪һ³
ССڣҲҹȥ
ʱ򣬴֮£ȻһɿֲϢֱӽȥӲ
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һڣʲôʵſ԰쵽Լûʵܹﵽ֮
һ뵽֮صͺݺݵıʹһ£ΪѾ³ոӣпһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
ʱ򣬶ܵھ֮ϣǰһĮ˵ȥֻӵʱ䣬
ǰɢĿֲϢڲûоʹ뿪ʵ֪Ƿɱһ
˵ʶûκεҲڷصԺ֮˻һ𾪵Ŀǰӡ
ʵû뵽ǰӾȻɱҪþһ֪ĻؼֱΣ
µʱһֻҪɳһ𣬾Ϳ˲佫ȫ⣬Ǹʱ򣬿۹ܵۡ
ߣΣ
˵ʲôɱ˺һ壿
ܲû˵ڳ׵ԼжϣڲɵϣǴɢǿϢѾ˵Ҫɱǣֱһ׾ٵ顣
뵽ֻ˷ˣȻٵĳԶȥٶ֮죬ֱҶƮ첽Ҫϼ֡
Ȼˣô°ɡ
Į쳹ʣȡеĶ½ֻ΢Ļûܳ׵˲䱻һնΡ
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ǻûеȷ˰ѻ˵꣬ȴֻһֱ˿̣ȫ䣬屻նΡ
㣬㣬Ȼɱ
ŵһĻ˶ˣûһȻһ֣һ־ɱС
ϾղŷѾ˵ĺף֮ǰѾȫ֪ͨ峤ò˶ãͻǰʱǶҪ˲串𣬶Ҳһ


486 
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ûҵֽأ֪½ʲô
ҵ㲻Ҫֻ֪һ£ϣʵش𡣡
ǰӵĻû˿еʣΪӶڣӷǿΪԭֻҪʵ㹻ǿôĿһС
˵ֻҪܹ쵽飬һᾡ°á
ĵ˵ͷƺڷصı֣ܸе⣬˵ڼҩݣ֪ûУ
˵ҩݵ֡
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Ҫҩݣֻеһ
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ؾȻҩеһʱϲΪҩݵһ֣Ҷ˵ޱҪ
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£ǰ֮һ֮еõ˻ݣڻݣȻûУȴ֪ʲôطӵŻݡ
ʲôط
¶ܸӸˣ˻ݣҶΪϻָԷȻ֪ݵ䣬ôֻҪҵ䣬СˮҲԸˡ
ֱܼõҶ֪Ϣһ˷ܵȥϾСˮѾΪҶһħ
СˮѵĻôʱҶΪﵽ֮ԼĽʱСˮҶħпܻԼħ֮¡
ǧ֮³ǣһ߼Ӷţ߼Ӷ£Ӷ֮Уֻݡ
³ǣ߼Ӷţ
Ҳ˵ν߼Ӷڣһ򣬿Ƕܻں嶼ںӲҪ˵һСС߼Ӷš
֪ˣǷȽݽأ
Ȼԡ
˵ŷشԼĿռȡһͨ촿׵ҩݣǻݣԾҶ췴֮Ļݡ
еĻݣһҶϾͿԾκˣɾʱ򣬶ܵɫʱ䡣
ܽһؼУе˵֮еõһлĻݡ
˵֮󣬶ûκεĳɣӰֱʧԭأΪѾоʮǿϢ
иһϢ쳣ֲ˰ٷ֮ŵˣиǿߡ
ǵľ֮ϣʮӰעŵµĳҶڳĻһϳʮ֮Уվмߣǵߴʥ֮һ
λʥȴʥ۷֮һĴʥ֮һԣΪѾﵽʥ֮
׷ɱҶ죬һΪߴ飬еһԱڸղţǲԶĵطټȻоǿϢ
ʮѶȴûзʲôʱһҿջĿ⣺ˣȥ
Ŀŵ˲ͷ׼ʱȴһͻĽնɱӦûü
η󱲣ɱŵĵӡ
ƨҪ˵ɱŵĵӣ㣬ҽ춼Ҫһɱˡ


ܵӰոճǰʣµʮһ֮УȻֳǻûеȵ˽Ѿһɱ

֮¶һ˿֮ɫûпԼһնɱˣǿǰ˵ϹԾأϴɾ˲ӵȥɱ
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û
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487 Դ¿
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û뵽ǣܵĳֵĶʣ°ˣֻǲ˲ĹʣµİˣѾɱˡ
һʮӣʮӣΪ͵Ҳﵽһ֮ߵﵽ֮
ǰ󻹲ʱʮΪﵽ֮ĵӣȻ˰˸ʮ֮Уֻʣ¿ˡ

ٺõƢҲɱĲʺʮֵ֮˲ֱӽռȫС
ܿûҶĵռ䣬ֻ֮ոֿռ䣬λѾΪﵽʥ֮ǿ
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ΧκԣȻԼʵҲûŵԼһʵʵԶԿһʥǿߡ
Ȼ򲻹ôɱʣµŵӣ˼ɣӶҹһеȷá
ԷĿȻԼԼһʣˣйɷŭУǲôŭҲĿʣµ˱ܻɱ
Ϊﵽ֮ĵӣ˵Ҫ컹ѡ˷Էȥʣµĵˡ
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ȻΪѾﵽʥ֮ǰ˵ʵֱ̫ˣȻԷֻһһʡ
ϺȻһ֣ʱ򣬶ܵĽѾݺݵնϣһѪ³ɫ˲תס
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Ϊﵽʥĳǿߣ¾Ȼ޷ɱ
ﰵ̾һԼոյһûܹԷɹɱôҪ֣»Ѿࡣ
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ǿڵƣ˵֣ʵû뵽һԼȻһһʵһ˵֮ء
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ĻܶʱЦЦ֮г˳ϸ¶һǿҵı֮顣
ЦʲôɫЩѿĶǰʵ
Ц̫֪Ц̫޳ܣЦ޴֪

ѵ𣿡֪ʲôԭһβû֣ҲҲӻ˵Լ
ǴеһˣǲǱ¿ˣûмǴĻڲǰҶ컹ǰ˴ʥ֮°Ȼ뿪ļԲôɣ
ܵĻʱȻŭǰŵһսѾΪǧΪһսһΪֻǴﵽ꣬նɱڶǿߣŵһ񽣣һڰ˴ʥ֮¾Ȼ뿪ˡ
һս֮Ȼнɳǿ׷ɱҶ죬ǾŵҲѾ˵͹ȡ
ǰֻҪĴžٲԸ⣬ҲţԴһս֮ĴžȻѣѾ˵Ѿµһš
ڳ׵ļˣڱҪ£һɱҶ죬ŵڶҶж񽣣񽣣ʱµһŵλñɶ
ұΪǺҵ˷һȴû뵽˵Ĳ֪ôȻô͸ɡ
˵֮Ȼ䱬һɿֲϢֱֲ֮Ӷ˶ܷԲ׵пռ䡣
Ҳ˲ʧԭأֱܵߣֳȭֲȭֱӳǰӻȥ
Ѿ¶ģΣζҪܶɱԼĿռ֮ڣɾʱһ˼Ƥӵ·ˣ죬ĴͶܣҲд𾪡


488 ۷
˾£һʥµĶռ䣬Ȼ׵Ļ飬һ˿ûн
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ҧгݵĺΪ¼ܹƿĶռ䣬Ϊﵽʥ۷壬һ˿־ĳǿ⣬ȫ¿ҲֻҶһܹˡ
ıǡǡ෴ܿԼǰȻֵʱ¶һ˿ϲΪĳ֣Ѿ˵Ѿָˡ
ڶ֪׷ʱȽ͵ҶŵˣԷֹŵ˴ŵҶָơ
СڵʮαѪͻݣҶֻ˲ʱԭķ֮ȫָ
Ҷеһ˿ϲǣȫСڵʮαѪľתҲѾﵽ˵ת֮
Ҷ֪תĵת͵תȻֻһֻ֮ʵȴǾ޴ġ
ΪתĵתķҲﵽһֲĵز֮¸ܹƿķ
Ҷ㹻ţһʣҲƿķʱټս׻ôķһӿµĵزʱ¾Ҳƿ
ȫָˣ
ĵ˵ͷȻҶû˵ʲôǹ¶ܹǰϸܵһ˿꣬һ˿м֮顣
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۷ֻ֮ҪʱҶܹɹԼľ׽٣ӵԼôΪԴﵽһ֮
ʮһ棿ٶȣ¾ʥҲûһɣԽܾԽǰйظС
ûȥǣǾȻǿɱ̾
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ȻǰѾﵽ۷徳磬˸Ϊܹǵλʦʲô˺
Ͼʥ֮ĲһԽĺ蹵һʥҪɱһ𣬸Ѵ֮
Ҷ죬㽻񽣣һĻҿ㱣֤žԲΪ㣬Σ
ʦĻŵĵ϶ʱ¶һ˿𺳣ʵ벻ͨʦΪֱӽɱˣα鷳
˿ڵʦ棬û֮ǰĲһƺǰĺһ㣬飬˵ȥ¶û˻š
ĻҶЦЦ֮гһµƣҶЩ˵ѾѪģš
ѾѪģš
ҶĻȲҪ˵ŵ˻Σ϶һ𺳣һ֮ɱţǺεȵĿ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôǰĺ꣬Ȼѡֱ꣬Կ϶ΪֻҪ㹻ķչռ䣬ʱﵽʲôĵز˭Ҳ˵׼
öܸеӲ˼ǣǰ굱ɱڶǿߣһڰ˴ʥһ֮°Ȼ뿪Ӳ˼ǣȻ˼ҵ֮µһ񽣣񽣶㶨֡
ŵһʥ׿˵ܸţҲţϾ̫ˣʵ޷ܡ
Ҷ죬㵱ִԲҪΪУ
ݡ
ݣ򵥵İ˸֣ѾҶļ̬ȣʱȻȻˡ
ɡ
ܺݺݵһ䣬ҪֹȴҶֻһ˿ЦһҶӰʧԭء
޲֮չٶ֮죬һʥٶ٣һյʱ̲ס¶һ˿Ȼ
ʵû뵽ԷֻһСС۷壬ԽգٶȸޱȣЩ׷ϣ֮ǰһš


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490 
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493 һ
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494 ʮʬ
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ﶼλʹѻصʥأȴƫƫƳǣ˵ʲôʵ˵Ҳ
֪λʹкιɣ
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½֣æΣ
λʹ˵ֻҪܹģһ߾ȫλʹߡ
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ʹߵĻ½ʱЩˣô˵ҶɱʮӣԼֽܹԷɱζԵȥʮˡ
½ȴû˿İ취˭ǰʥأһԸ⣬ֻܵ˵ͷ
ȻǾλʹˡ
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495 ķ
ʹ½֮ĶԻҶеһҪ˵ΪѾﵽ֮֮ǰҲʹߡ
ҶûȥˣǶƳ֮Ŀռ˵Ȼˣһɡ
ҶĻöܴһʹߺ½ҲһĴ£ϾǵʵȻûзƳ֮⡣
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Ѫǰ֪Ƴкιɣ
ǰȻֵİ˴ҶҲЩѿΪħǰƳǣٷ֮Ϊ
ҶţħڵİλǰҪΪſϾħ򣬶ħǧûһ˿԰ȫ
ħڵİλΪҶˣȴû뵽žȻҶ죬ʹðλǼ˹һ㡣
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ħڵİλ֮һƳǣҰλѾãҶ쵽ʱڤ粻飬ǰ˱ǿԽסȻбʡ
ʵѪ޲Ҳô˵ŮǰѾľѳۣʱȻŮħ飬Ҳ
Ѫ޲ԼĻôڵһΪԼ깴ᣬôʱƺϴˡ
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ҶĻߴħɫ˲ѿޱȣʲôʱ˸Ҷǰ˴˵ҶԷֻһС䡣
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Ҫǻǰô˹ĿţħڼʵȷҪǿϺܶࡣ
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ֱʱһֱûп˵½壬̲ס˵ˣһڱħڵİλȫ뿪
ڳﶼ½ʵ˵ϾһʥѾվ˴½۷壬ħ֣ҲԸһʥΪС
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½뵽Ҷ䵽ħҲħ飬Բ䷢
ħӵħһħ¼ҲֻԽѹƣû񽣣ѹħ
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һ뵽һʴȵ½壬ҲѾħڼҪҶĻôֻóֽ˳նɱٴħĴսҲϧϾ̫Ҫˡ


496 ң
½һ䲻Уֱħ˽ŵĽ״̬ħڵİλȴʧûг֣ô˵ԷһΪﵽʥĳǿߡ
Ѫ޲ұͲ֣ý˻ữ⣬˵½ǰϣܹӦǣ˽ǣպħһл
Ѫ޲ҵĻ½廹ûп˵ʥصżӺȻ˵λ֪ǿʶ£
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ʶͺãȻλμ˵ŵһսҲ֪Ҷ֮ĶԹϣλʥصϣ»ǲҪˡ
żӿڣλħȫ˵ˣô˵ǰ˴ħڸΪУȴʥΪС
ʥҪħڣȻЩ鷳ǱسɵģΪţ˾ʱԼԭĿꡣ
ʵﶼһսλʹ߱ѾҶĶ֣ѵھˣǷ񶨵ġ
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żȳ֣֮ǰʹߵȥԸһСС𣬾Ը⣬Ͼ̫ˡ
Դһս֮λʹﶼΪȻֻǸոմﵽ֮ǱʵȴޱȵǿԱһǿߡ
Ҫǣ굱һսɱڶǿߣһ˴ʥһ֮롣
Ǹеȵǣ֮ʣȻŵһ񽣣񽣣Ҳ֪ǺΪʥصʹߣ᲻֪ء
һ̣ʹѽˣͬλ֮ϣҪħ˴ŵİλ֮ϡ
һ֣żӱݵɱУΪûףǿɱ֮£óеͨʶ
ƽ𣬻֮ǰҶ죬˵һʻһ鷳ԴΪﵽһ棬Լɱ¾֮һʣҶѾ
սʶ֮УҪ˵һʵʶʥʶҶҲ˿ĵǡ
żʶ麣֮ڣԴΪﵽһ֮Ҷ췢ʶ֮бǿࡣ
ʶսػһʶżӵʶ뵽麣֮ںֱӽ
֮ȡս񽣣һ˲ʹֲĽֱӽżܵĿռȫ飬ֲ˲佫żɡ

һҽżȻҶĲһȴӲնһۣѪ˲̣һ˿ѪҺû
Ҷ죬첻ɱ㣬ĲΪˡ
ż챯һֻǶ̶̵һӣһ۾ѾնϣǱԷˣĻΪ˻ή͡
żӱնһۣƮøԬǾɹ϶¶һ˿𺳣һ𣬾Ȼ˲նһʵһۣǺεȵʵ
ҶΪﵽһ飬˶֮⣬ûеڶֻ֪ҪҶ첻ñ֪ô˾һ֪ʥҲͬˡ
ʥΣֻҪңұҪ㡣
նżӵһۣҶȻЦǿĶʥΣһȫ


497 ȫɱ
Ҷ졭
ŲԶĺŭţɫʱޱѿʥأ˻ʥʱҶԻкܴ鷳
ô˵ʥصҪ˵ҶǶһˣ¾żҲʥصĶ֡
ҶƺûĻһ㣬Цֱ֮ӳżȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶѾżӵߡ
Ҷ죬ҡ
Ҷ첻նżӵһۣҾȻҪϾɱԬһ㶼ɣһ̵ҶѾնɱǵʵ
ܹĿԼͬ鱻նɱȻƽʱʥҲִʱȴһ¶⣬ʥصҪˡ
ʥʵĻҶֻɫһЦ֮ǰ˵ʥΪУϾʥصʵֱ̫ǿˡ
Դһս֮ʥص˲һսһƳǣԴʥصʹ̤ƳǵĵһʱҶѾԺ˭̤ƳһԲ飬˭
ս񽣣Ҷٴʹ˲һֲĽֱӽżûڿֲĽ֮УΧֱӽżӵɡ
ʥ֮һʹߣһΪﵽ֮ǿߣȻɱˣ˿һĻȫ˵ء
Ҫ˵ˣҲһ˫۾һ˼Ŀž֮ϵĺ꣬緭һ㡣
ԭΪҶֻŻŻʹߣû뵽ǣҶһ־ͻɱһʥصʹߡ
Ȼżʥ֮еĵλǺܸߣǶȴ֪˵һɱʥصˣôʥһưոݡ
ǽöܸеһϢǣҶٻɱżӺ󣬾Ȼٴγʥصʹ߶ȥ
˵Ҳ֪Ҷʲô΢΢һֹ֪̾ҶҲڲˣɱһɱɱɱ
Ҷɱʥصʹߣͷβ½嶼ûг֣Ϊ֪ʹȫϵĻôʥؾԲưոݡ
ŭһٶսǵģڸǻɱżӣܹ׻ɱ꣬ôʥصֱ͹ȡ
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ɱ¾֮ʹʸոս뵽Ҷʮ׵ķΧڣʱеһɿֲɱֱӽǶѹһ͡
д󾪣Ϊ˵ֱϤˣ˴ûһ죬ǾȻᱻһѹƣȫѹơ
һԼȫѹʣ˵ʲôһ̣кȻһµ뷨Ǿ˽ǰС
¶һ˿ЦҶûй˼ֱӾеս񽣣һ˲ֲĽֱǰˡ
֣ˡ
ܱһɣԬû˿ĳɣֱһӡǰٵĽź󷽶ȥ
ҶһҪʵԬԼһ֮£ͬȡʱ䡣
һĵֵǰľһû뵽˻ͻȻ֮£˲䱻Ҷһɱ
Ҫ˵ˣҶҲһʵû뵽ԼһȻ˲ɱһʡ
ǵҶ֪һУҪ׷ȥʱȴѷˣʱ򣬸ոӳ֮ԶԬȻӾ֮ϵȥԬ󣬶ܵӰʱǰ
ҰһʣµȴΪ
ǰӣҶѵõ¶һ˿Цݣ֮˵һӡ
˵֮޲ʱչҶ˲ʧԭأʱһֱûгֵ½壬ڳˡ
λΪﵽʥǿߣһһʱϾȻأϾһܹʹͨ棬Ǳֱ̫ˡ
һ֣½ֱʹʮֵ֮Ϊ½ζܸԷһĻᣬҪȻԼԻٲ֮ء
һֲʮֵ֮뱣֤һУֱӽɱɲϣʱκεĻᡣ
޲ӵ£Ҷ½ʹ߿ɲһϾһʥһֱӵĲһԽĺ蹵


498 ʥ
һٴʹֲĽ˲佫½֣ƺ׼û˿ƽˡ
òϣʵȻʹӵеĽգȷ԰ıǮϧңעҲ
ֲĽ֮ڣ½ƮƳÿһ˵Ķʱƺ뵽ʲôܵɫ˲䣬͸¶һɼеĿŭ
Ҷ죬Сģ
Ƕܵľˣ½˵⻰ʱϺȻһʰ쵵⣬˲佫нɡ
ܵѣҶѾ׼ǵʶԷʱϻ̲סһ
ԼĲһޱȵģϾ֮ϣƾŲһնɱ˰ʥǿߣҸնɱʥĳǿߡ
ڣĲһȻʧˣһԷеĽһ˿ûнѾ˵ˣԷϵĵȷȷһ
ʱ½ӰѾֳϣȴһ磬ɢһɾ˵ȫȲһӿֲ
Ϊԯ£ԯҲͬһϷǰã֮ڣϷֻùΣǵĴΣԯ£Ҳ԰ˡ
һΣҶеֻһ֮ɫô˵ԷһΪﵽʥ֮ĳǿߣҶԷȻ
һʥӵҪ˵һССһ棬ʥ۷ĳǿߣδ֡
ҶҲû˿ԥֱӳȥͬΪħӡԴħӡΪһʱħӡ˲䱩
ƾħӡҶ컹ɹĻΪѾﵽʥ۷ĵ죬Ȼ͵Ϯ£Ҳһ˵ħӡǿ
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½ϸû˿ı飬ƺħӡںһ㣬һߵħڵˣȴɫ䡣
ȻħħӡôܳҶ
ǱץסҶ졣
ҿǰ˷źţڵŻɡ
á
ħڵİλҶû˿ᣬħӡʹ֮Ҷٴαϵɱ¾򣬲εɱ¾ȴҪ֮ǰκʱҪǿ
Դɱ¾֮Ҷ쳹ں֮Ҷ컹ûȫʹɱ¾֮ΪҶ췢֣ڵʵ޷סɿҰɱ
Ҷ֮ϣս˲Ҷɱ¾֮ٵӿ뵽ս֮ڣԭս񽣣Ȼ˲˴ɫһʱʱɢһ˿˿ֲϢ
ʱ½еԯѾݺݵѹħӡ֮ϣ֮˾ҵײһɾ֮쳹ء
Ҷ½Ҳɾ֮ŪĵҶһ˿ѪɫޱȵѿΪƾħӡ޷սʤ½塣
ջħӡҶеս񽣣һ̣ķ쳹أֻǧɴСĴʱھ֮ϡ
𽣿
֮ϵֻޣҶ¶һɾϲ֮ɫԴֻ޳˯Ժ󣬾Ҳûѹһ̣˼䡣
ҶеӾϲǣ˯Ļ𽣬ֻֻΪﵽʮһޣڣǻﻹ𽣬޵ΪѾﵽʮʥ֮
ֻҪͻƵʮʥ֮ôԻγˣʵǿֲĿ£һʥǿߣ֡
ʵҶ֪սǲڵģֻǻ޻ʺ赣γɵһ񽣡
Ҷһֱһ˽ˣһֱԽʽڣҪСһΪİޡ
ҶվһʥȴǳˣҼлֱӳǰȥٶ֮죬ֱҪҶ޲ʤһ
ʵڸոյһ֮У½Ҳһ˿ˣȻںҶ죬ǲô˵ħӡһʵ
ڣҶ񽣺Ȼʥ£½ʵ֪ӵͬ޷սʤǰʥҵʱҲЩա
뵽½岻ڳɣֱתٵȥȻһкûдһգ۵ʱ䣬λӵʥʧƳǵľͷ


499 ߣɱ
ӵʥˣ
ǰһУһԭӵͶĳĳһ㣬һ̣˶Լ۾ǲǻˣ˵ոһУʵǲʵġ
ԭסҶħλʱҲȫ˵أûһ˸ȥϾ˼ӵʥܸߣӲҪ˵ǰΪֻǴﵽ֮ˡ
һսò˶ãҶͷֻٴ£ɱʥصʹߣһӵʥĶǲѡ
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Ϊﵽʮʥ֮ȫԻγˣվҶƺػλСһ㡣
½֮Ҷɨħڵˣֻһħڵ˳ƳǵķΧ֮ڣҪȻҶѳ֡
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Ҷ˫ȴһͨʯʯԼаɣǺȾ˸еĺҶ콫еͨʯݺݵƳǳŵࡣ
Ҷȡ񽣣ڵľɱ¾ֱ֮ͨʯϻֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ŸֱͨѾͨʯϡ
ҶͨʯдǣƳߣɱ⡣
ҷƳߣɱŸ֣ȫҶòһдÿһ϶͸¶һɽյĽ⣬ÿһϻһɱ¾֮
д֮ҶŶܣʥصƳ֮ڣ棬޻ʣڿҶ찲Ȼºжһ
ڣƳǻǷƽ˾ƳĻ⣬Ƴǵĳ˻عĺϢ
˵ҶȻƳ¶棬Ⲣ֮еһ̣Ƴǵÿһˣ϶Ϊһ
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һ˵һ£ǵĳˣƺŸոչ˶ʮꡣ
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ڼ󺺵ŴߵɫЩѿ˭Ҳû˵ʲôʧԭأ¥Ȼûһ˷ô뿪ġ
ڣҶʲôҲûиɣҲûмļλ֪ĸĸһ֮֡
ʵҶֻǱǰƽգ󲻹ħڻţɳǿĵֶ
Ҷ쵹û˿ĵǣΪһǰڴĹ֮Уоħһħ
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˴ħ֮УڵħʹȻɭɭʵȷƳǵǸСʱħħӡ
ʻħĸκεֱӻشǰҶӵħӡǰҶƾħӡһʥˡ
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ĵ˵ͷ˵Ļһ˿أħ˵ô飿
ߣǰԺɽǸϲӡϽħӡǣȴû뵽ھȻһδɵСӡ
ӡѾΪħЧˣ֮ȥɽû
򲻿ɣȻӡѾ䣬֮ûȫʧѵ𣿵ӡ֮ʱ˵һ仰ѣսֻأ£ʱӡݺ½


500 ħ
ѣսֻأ£ʱӡݺ½
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ǲҪˣǿͨʯɡ
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ֱ˿̣˴ħʿƳ֮ͨʯʱʯ֮ϵľŸ𺳣ÿһ־һһ㣬ֱǵ顣
Ƴߣɱ⡣
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ʣµħʣȫѡ˽ħʷֱħڣֱ޷룬ħħɷȣڡ
ħѡ˳ֱʧԭأʣµħʣǴʣħڵȫƳ֮ȥ
ħʻΪſǣֻǽ룬ʣµİλȴصţϾһһŵҪԲԶ
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ϾҶ֮⣬ƳڶһЩͨˣЩӶţħǸᶯһƬɱ֮£Ƴ˵һǿС
תʱ䣬ħʴħһѾƳǣֻ˲׵ǣƳƺرİĽ˸е¡
˴ĳ˵ƽʱķٳ̶ȿ֪ڣ˶ĽֵϣȻûһ·ˣΧԵ̼ȫš
ڣƳǲ
ʵµѣħѲ֪Ƴ˷뿪Ƴǿ𣬴һǷ񶨵ġ
ΪӡħʥµΪ˵õħһУħﶼѾǰǵɽ𺣣ҲҪһ
ҪͨˣֱӽҶǡ
ħֱ´ӵĲħʣΪȽϵ͵ħߣô϶ɱƳǵͨˣٽҶǡ
ħʵΪѾﵽһزﶼɱ޹ĻôҪͻƸߵľ磬ֱϼѡ
һ˿ٵĽҶǣʱ򣬸ոջһ˵ĽֵϣȻðͷֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ƴǽһǧ˿ڣȫۼҶ֮⡣
ֻЩ˸뵽ҶڣȫһµĹҶ֮⣬˫Լǰϳһֿ֮ɫ
Ƴǰ֮⣬½һͬʱվھ֮ϣʮӣΪﵽ֮ϵǿߡ
½ϣ˵ƾԯҲûܹҶɱ
ĵ˵ͷǰҲὫ¸κˣϾһʥӵȻһֱһĳ衣
Ĵʥ֮һĺ´ͨ´ͨȻʵޱǿ󣬵ŵ˶֪ʵǿʥһȱ㣬ǾУ
ȲҪ˵ԷֻһСС𣬾Էһʵǿʥ۷ǿߣ´ͨͬὫϡ
´ͨһֱŵĵһǿƣһֱΪԼ֮ĳǿߣ˭ҲĶ֡
ں´ͨΪԼû˸ᣬλ̫ϳϣȥܣϾǵҪĿΪӶﵽߵΪ
һ̣´֪ͨ½Ȼʹ񽣣Ȼûܹһɱʱ϶Ц˻Ҫ½尭ڵﳤȥˡ
ǿסеķŭ½һֱԼԷˣǧҪСʧ˵ʵǿһʥҿ֣նɱ񽣡


501 ֮
˼ǣõʥȥԸһСС𣿡
ĵ˵ͷȻ½ҲһԸ⣬һ뵽ԷȻܹգһʥ֣½йС
ӵҲʥԿͬھ취Ϊﵽʥ֮Ը̸
½ѾôҪϺ´ͨһԸ꣬βܹɱĻôʵڲٳɳ꣬պﵽôĵز
Ǻ´ͨȴ룬һõʥһǰ֮ĺ´ͨ˵½ϣңȥ㶨
˵ź´ͨҪƳȥȴ½ЩĮ˵֣Ҫ֪µҪԣʱŪ˵Ҳûȥ
ˣ½ϣҵĺСģʮ˸
ǡ
˵֮󣬺´ͨڶ˵ʲôֱӴµʮˣٵĳԶƳǱȥһգ۵ʱ䣬㳹׵ʧԶľͷ
Ѿʧʮˣ½д󼱣ȴΪϾ´ͨŵĵλ١
ͬΪڵ̫ϴϣʵ൱Ȼӵԯ½´ͨҲͬ
½֪һսĻô˭˭Ӯ֪ȷκ´ͨƳǵĻ䵽ʲôô
΢΢һ̾½ҲƳȥƳ֮ڣǧ˿ڽ߳ϵĿǰҶǣÿһһ˿˿
ڸƳǵ½壬ȻͣɫЩ𾪵ĿŲԶƳϿգʧе֮
Ƴǵ½壬ڿƳǾ֮һ˿˿֮ʱͣ½Ųеֻһ˿֮ɫ
ҶڣħʴڶħԴӽ֮еǴһƬĿռ֮ڡ
ʲôطǲѾҶΪʲôǻ
һ̣ħʶĲˣǵҪ˳ȥʱȴѾˣΪǸոսҶǵڣѲڡ
ڣһ
˵
˵Ƴǵĳ᲼󷨡
˵˵һ顣
ûеӰѻ˵꣬ħʵɫʱ䣬һߴʲôб˭ҪϾ߿ԽɱеѾ˴½
ڣ˵Ҷƾ󷨵նɱʵǿܶĵˡ
ģԭǽ֮ˣǸϿѰ󷨳ڡ
ǡ
ҲˣϾÿһﶼ֪󷨵ǿ֮û˿ĳɣֱӷֿѰ󷨵ĳ֮
ȻˣǾȫ°ɡ
ʱ֮ںȻһ翵˵ɫһ䣬ҶӰȻǰ
ƳǵĳҶ죿
ǣ֪λǣ
ħڵˣҪΪ㼸£ϣܹʵشֻҪǵõ𰸣뿪Ƴǡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûϳ֣ǴӦ˶ԷҪΪҶѾźʥΪУħΪеĻʱ޷Կ֮
ǰ˺˵ħҲһȣʵô뿪ħ򣿡
ħڵ⣬ҶһҲеȣô˵ֻҪħˣûһܹɹ
ħȴȻĳħһѯҶҲû˿ֱ˵ħڶ֮УҵһڣԾͳˡ
Ļشħȫһϲ󼱲ɴʵǷܹǸڴʲôط
ԡ
Ҷû˿ԥϾħ˵ȻޱȵظУţħܹȫˣʮ֮пһ
ǿסеľϲħû뵽¾Ȼ˲İףθƳǣҪΪ£һµȻħһУڵڶ顣
Ҷ죬һ飬ֻҪش뿪Ƴǣ˱֤պ㽫Զħѡ
ԡ
Ѿȥ˺ɽ
ǡ
ôҲѾӡħʥ
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Ҳõħӡ
ǡ
Ҷ죬ҲĨǣӦħӡô˵ħֻʱӡħʥʹãԭħӡħ
С


502 ɱݺ
ħʵҪҶû˿ԥܾΪħӡǵںɽӡħʥԽġ
ΪģΪӡħʥǷΣҶѾ֪պԼôһҪӡħʥȳ
Ҷ죬Ȱ㻹ĺãһ˵ħ࿹⣬㽻ħӡǡ
ض˵ħӡǲύģҪսս
ûеħʽ˵꣬ҶѾܾҲ֪ƽܾ£ǰħǲưոˡ
ȻҶûκεĹǣһհǰ˺ˣ˸κεвôԻȶԷ֡
ȻҴԼĻħʶʱɫޱûͨκεͬ⣬ֱӳˡ
¶һ˿ЦҪ˵ħ֮УߣڵΪҲһʡ
ȻǾͲҪ²ˡ
Į˵һ䣬ҶӰȻʧԭأʱ򣬸ոջһƬƽĿռ䣬Ȼɱݺᡣ
ħ󡣡
ʱħ֮һħħʺȻɫ䣬ûпʼսƺѾ˺صƣɫһƬ԰ס
λħʵĻڳ˵ɫҲŴ䣬еˣֱӱŵĵڵϣǿҵĲ
Ǳ󷨣ħʵǣǣסǵģȻħĵһɱ񶼿Իɱħ
󷨣˸еһ󣬶һħħ󣬴һ˵ЩԸҲԲԸħ
˵ħֻҪУôһ󷨿֮ڣħһ㣬˸е
һ̣ףΪʲôղ޿֣ΪʲôħʣȻôɴľܾǡ
ӵħĵһɱħ󣬲Ҫ˵ħʣħʥڴˣҲԲ֮УϾħԻɱǿɱ
ȫ֣ôǶҪƿ˵
ħʱϾʵǿ󣬾ħһɱҲֻǶݵʧΪÿһﶼ첻ƿĻôͻȫħ֮ڡ
ħȻˣǽħȴվһΪÿһѱħɵˡ
ǶŸʲôȥ·ҲȲǡ
ħжʱһ̾ҲˣֱӶ󷨿ʼǿҵĹħֳǷǱѰ
λڳ֣ħҲûɣΪÿһﶼѾ֮ʣ
ħʣħħڣһ֣ʹռȻ䶼һ£ʱħ󶼿ʼɱݺᡣ
ħ֮ħ֣Ϊһ֮бħ񶼿׻ɱ
ʱħѾռ˲ǧ͵ħͷµǣÿһħͷȻħڵʵ
ǧħڳ֮ڣ˲ɱ˳ħ֮ˣħʣֻ˲Ҳˡ
Ȼħʵͨ죬ôֵܵסǧֻΪﵽħڵħͷû˿ǧħͷ˲佫ħȫ֮С
ˣ뵽ҶڵħߣиǰħڣȫҶڣȷе˵ħһɱħڡ
ʱҶ֮⣬ǧ˿ɢ֮ʼҶ֮ӿȥֱӽ뵽Ҷڡ
վħ֮ڵҶ죬Ȼоһ˿˿뵽ԼڣеǣصȻΪа
Ҷ췢֣صԽԽĽ뵽ڣһֶʱеϲѣҶڵϣʼϵص
Ҷ첻մǧɢ֮ʱ´ͨʮŵҲѾƳ֮ڡ
´ͨҶ֮⣬ǧ˹ųǰҶĤݵʱɫһ䣬ΪѾ֣ǧɢȻ֮
ʦ棬ѵ֮
ĵ˵ͷ´ͨЩĮ˵ûЩɢ֮û뵽ҶȻܹǧ˳ΪͽӲպسɴ
ʦ棬ҪҪɱЩˣ
˵Ļ´ͨɫӵѿҲЩ˵סһ㣬Ҫﵽߵľ磬Ҫ˳Ӧ


503 
ЩħǿȻʵѾܲˣ´ͨȽһľ룬ǶλʦĻ޷⡣
˵˼ֱӽƳǵȫɱô˵ȽƳǳ֮ˣ֮գֱ롣
ʵû뵽ǣǵʦȻӦĮޱȣҲֻգǿɲŭλʥڡ
Ȼ´ֻͨɱƳǵǧˣȴǧ˵֮װ͸Ҷ죬ʱҶʵǣôŵĴ
ŵ̫ϳϣƳǰ£ȫرܣɱ⡣
ոսƳǵʱ򣬺´ͨԼʮȫҶµͨʯͨʯϵľŸɱڵĴ֡
ҲûʲôоΪѾﵽʥ֮ĺ´ͨῴͨʯϵľŸ֣ϵĽ⡣
Һ´ͨ𺳵ķ֣ͨʯϵľŸ֣ȻһɽǬĽ⣬ǺԼܹʯ²ٰʮ꣬Աǧ궼á
˸еȵǣ´ͨĻƳǵƺûһ㣬ȻصĳǰҶĤš
º´ͨɫӾʵû뵽Ƴǵ˾ȻӵҶ죬ǸСӵȷӡ
Ҳһ̣´ͨȻһָоǾŵǲˣϾҲ֪˵֮ĶԹ
ҪΪ꣬뿪ţôһжᷢҲʧ˴ǿߣҾȻ֮񽣶Ūˡ
ʱ򣬺´ͨһ˿⣬꣬Ǿ˵ʵŴˣ겢ûд
ʦ棬ڸô죿
ȲҪЩˣȽҶ˵
˵ź´ͨʮӿٵĽ뵽Ҷ֮ڣ˲ʧƳ֮ڣʱǧͣ
ΪҶѾֻ̫֮һΪҲͻƵ֮ûֱ˵ǵһ֮յĻ˵ᱬ
տʼҶ첢֪ԼʲôʲôȻʵѾܲˣȴûм֮
ҶҶ֮ǧˣȻȷǲǴǧɢģҶ컹ǧͣ
ȻҶֹǧĤݣǹʲôʱʧˣʱ򣬺´ͨʮҲѾħ֮ڡ
̫ϳϺ´ͨҶһ
½Ļһᾪȵķ֣ɱų֮Ϊ̫ϳϣֱǱһƵġ
һ̵ĺ´ͨûκεĿеһ˿侲һɮ붨һ㣬侲ˡ
ִݹƳǣ֪кιɣ
ҶҲû֣ǳʮǰǰߣ֪ΪʲôҶ췢֣߾ȻһǿҵΣոС
Ҷ죬֪֮ĪĶԹ֮䲢޶ԹǾ̸̸Σ
ʵٽҶǵһ𣬺´ͨѾ֪ԼһѾ˶Է֮Уȴû˿ĵǡ
Ȼ֪ǰߵҪʲôҶȻǵ˵ͷһ仰˵ĺܶԣȻ֮𣬵ȴǰû˿ĶԹ
Ҷ֪ǰ߶û˿ɱʮ˽ħһѾˣԷκ˵Ļᡣ
Ҷ£ʵҲûκԹĴ㣬̸ֻʽװˡ
˵ɡ
ҶĻո˵ֻ꣬´ͨƺʧһ̻һҶڵʮӣһ˲Ѿȫһ֮¡
µҶҲʱеһ˿ȣô˵ԷʮˣɶǻʵʮǿߣΪ͵Ҳﵽһ֮
룬ҶҲһУȻ´ͨҪԼ̸ôһ֪һ̣ҶҲȥΣ쳣߳˾֮ġ
ٳ׻ɱʮ֮󣬺´ͨϸû¶һ˿ƺʮ˵޹һ㣬ǰĺ˵Դҵĳ˰ɣ
ԣ֪Ҫ̸ʲô
ҵ˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣ֻ£԰ңôҿԴӦ㣬ʱһһ
Ŷ˵
´ͨĻҶҲʱ˺ģҲ֪ǰλʥҪԼ̸ʲô


504 
ĵһ飬
ô
˿Ѿ³˵ʲôҶȴȷϣϾǰ㣬ôԸżֱ°빦
ҵõţҰڵһжϰˣΣ
ܹ㣿
Ϊٴαʾҵĳ⣬ҿЭնɱߵ½峤Σ
´ͨĻҶ쳹׵ĳĬϾô˵¹شʱǰˣУôʹ˱
Ҷȴ֪ȻڵΪѾﵽһ֮Ŷܣ棬޻ʣҪŶԿЩԲ
һŵ̫ϳΪܣôһоͱ࣬ʱӦϣ㲻ܳ׻ţҲһԪˡ
֣һ⣬ϣܹʵش𡣡
Ҷʡ
ڵλʦ֪Ƿ˼䣿
Ҷ⣬´ͨҲû侲ʱޱѿҪΪ꣬˵ҪѾֽնɱ
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ȻʵҶнĹʱ򣬾Ѿ֪λû䣬һֱнĹ֮С
Ȼ֪ŵλ񵽵ҪʲôҶȴܹȷһ飬ǾǣŵλѾʼעˡ
нĹҶѾо˵ĴڣȻ֪ΪʲôĨɱⲢһ顣
һннĹˣλΪ˱ڼ䣬һɱڣȴƫƫȫ뿪нĹҪ˵ûʲôıš
֪żȻƾʲôפ֮λ
´ͨ˼ҶѾ˸˾Ųʮʵ벻ͨǣżȻƾʲôԶţѵ˾Ͳ¾Ŵ׻ɱ
ƺµеɻ´ͨ˵λʦԶܲŵ£Էġ
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ԡ
ƺǰ꣬´ͨ˵꣬λʦΪ˵õһӶðս֮֮еȣû뵽ǣλʦʵȻȡ
֣Ҷɫһ䣬Ϊȥ֮ľ֮أǸطʵжôǿ
֮һΪ飬ֱǶľ֮أԨ֮ȣ֮ȣ֮ɽм߲硣
Ȳ˵֮磬˵֮һľ֮أҶף֮صȫڤȫҲ֡
Ҷ컹û뵽ǣ֮ȣȻ㱻ɱôֻ˵һ㣬֮ڣͬ񼶱ǿڡ
Ҳһ̣ҶףΪʲô˼䣬ֻǹţȴطԭԭ
λʦ֪ôŭȣɳţҪλʦֽѹ½յѲڣλʦҲ޷뿪нĹһ
֣ųλʦ֮⣬𣿡
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ҶĻ´ֱͨӼᶨĻشҶȴޱȵžԲֻǱϵ
ȻƾԼ񽣲µһڵλãǲô˵ŵĵ̰˵ûһλ򣬴š
ҶϿԿ϶ţħ˴ţÿһڣҲһ񼶱ĳǿҪȻħĸţҲᴫˡ
ҶȴûнԼǰߣϾǰ߲ɿʱһͱһӺ롣
ȻҿԴӦ㣬ڣ
ãҴӦ㡣
˵ڶɡ
ڶ¾ǣҪõ㽣յĹ
С
û˿ԥԼˣҶԥĽһڣǶǰߣҲܽһ֮
ƺ֪ܾԼ´ͨûκεķŭ˵ҪƳ֮⣬ͨʯǰʮʱ䣬У


505 
Ƴ֮ʯʮʱ䣿
ҪҶҲûκҪܾɣ´̸֮ͨҶλŵ̫ϳϣ뿪Ҷ֮⡣
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ӱûȥѰ֧ԮȻƳΪƽزС˵֮½תŻȥķ׼ȥ
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½׼ȥʱ򣬺´ͨȻӱתʱ䣬´ͨӰѾ½ǰ
ǰȻֵĺ´ͨʱ½жʱһȴû˿ʵɱҶ죿
ҡҡͷ´ͨٴλָ֮ǰĿ˵Ҷ֮и󷨣޷룬ҿԿ϶ǶֵĻǸ󷨸η塣
½֣ҿǲȻţȻһԸƳǣΣ
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ȻִˣϷȥһ˰ɡ
ǰߵĻ´ͨʱһϲʥٵĳԶƳǼȥһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ׵ʧԭء
Ҷ˼ҪƳ֮⣬˵֮ԷӵҲͬᱻɱ
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΢΢һ̾ԭҶǵ½壬ڿ´ͨѾУû˿취Ȼƽʱܲϲλˣǲô˵ԷͬһڣҲԲܿŶԷװȥ
ٴ΢һ̾½˲ҲҶ֮ڣеȵǣҶǲ֮еǰ㡣
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ʱҶӰȻ֮УǰߣҶ첢û֣ȻѾħ֮Уһӵʥĳǿߣʵжôǿ
ƾʵټħһɱħҲܻɱһʥĳţܹס
һʥİҶţƾԼһʥ֣ټħ󣬾½ͨ쳹֮ܣҲһܹ¡
˵ʲôħħһɱħ󣿡
Ļ½ɫ˲䣬ħĵһɱħҪκ˶Ҫɱǿߵĳʵ̫ˡ
ʵû뵽ǣǰ겻ܹʹյͨھȻܲóħһɱҲһ̣½кȻһָоǾѵѾ


506 
ǰһ𾪵ߣҶֻ¶һ˿Į˵½ϣ̸ʽΣ
ǰĻ½һȴû˿˵֪ҶҪҽף
ѳţȻҿԸ㣬ҪһУΣ
ҪһУ
ԡ
ҪԼΪﵽ֮ѵҲԴӦ
ǰĻ½ԼҪЦĸоϾ֮½˵ֱһĴڡ
꣬Ҳֻλʦﵽ߾磬Ӵ֮žҲûһ˿Դﵽ֮
ǰȻ˵ʲôԸĿôﵽ֮ô½Ѿڲŵ£κ鶼ԴӦꡣ
ԣ֮ڣҿԱ֤ﵽ֮
ǱˣҶ˾ϣǶԷô˵һΪﵽĳǿߣһ
ʥֻҪٽһһ˿־ôʱͿԴﵽʥ۷֮Ӷ֮½˵ʵһ¡
ֻ½Ĺжĸ䷨ԲŻþʥ֮޷ٽһҶȴŰ취
ս¼֮УֻǸոմ򿪵ڶ㣬ӵŽյͨҲνĲһҶ췢֣ս¼ĵڶ㣬滹湦
ţֻҪ½ʱ䣬ټԼĹͶĸô֮ڣһʥﵽ񣬲ǿЦ
Ļ½ȿʼһĲţ󿴼겻ǿЦ꽣յͨһ̣½ȻоԼĺȻ
Ҷ£˵Ŀģ
ʵҪ֤֮һп֪ڲ֪½Σ
ŵ½峹׵ĳĬ飬붼룬ǰ֮ڴﵽ֮վڴ½۷壬ջʵ̫ˣܾܾĵز
½Ȼ̧ͷĶǰĺ꣬ޱȼᶨʵƾʲô֤ƾʲô㣿
Ҷû˵ȡ񽣣ĳ󷽻һ£һʱƿգʹһУѾ˵˺ܶĶ
ȻֱڣҶȻ޷ʹ񽣣ǲô˵񽣶µһ񽣣ǧ֮һҲͬСɡ
Ӧ׽յĺ壬ǶҲƿգѡŲңǾҪˣսǽףѡһ
ʵҪʾʲôԴ֮ϣʩչյͨ˶Ѿ֪պĳɾ;Բֹ֮
ô˵յֻͨΪﵽ˲ſ԰쵽ֻΪѾܹգôպԿԴﵽ֮
һ뵽֮½ľͱݺݵĴʹһ£˵ϻʲôӿµ飬ǾΪﵽ֮ˡ
½Ѿǲˣ½֮ϣж೤ʱûгֹһǿˣӡ֮Уֻʥ֮УĴڰɡ
պĴﵽ֮ô½ţƾǿͨҪһССţֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ҫ֪
ҵܼ򵥣ģҲȥԸŵġ
½һȥԸţô޷֮ҲԲӦ
ȻҲȥԸţӦӽţһӦػƳǰʱ䡣
ţҲţһŵ˵һĳ裬ػƳǰʱ䣬㵹νϾʲôطһ
ڶھͿԴӦ㣬ڵһ㣬ɲԻһ
ԡ
ҶֻöԸţĸԸƳǣƳһʥػôպ뿪ƳǣҲҪڵǼˣ˵İΣ
һ£½ֳ׵ĳĬţôŵպ㲻ᵶҲһͬİ·
Ӷ½ǵԼһֱû뿪һھȻţʵЩ᲻ã½ѾûκĶΨһԸǣ֮Դﵽ֮
뵽½ûκεĳɣ˵ҴӦ㣬ҿ԰ػƳǰ꣬ҲһԼϣҲسŵ


507 齨Ӷ
ǰߴӦԼҶʱһϲƳһʥػʱͲᵣ䰲Σˡ
õߵĴӦҶҲû˿ĳɣֱӽս¼֮УһƬΪ¼Ĺ
õ¼½ҲһϲȻֻǴµĿһ£ȴ֪¼ȫ֮
иŸ־ķϵ¼½ȫģڰ֮ڿͻʥ֮ﵽÿһ߶Ͼ硣
Ҷ죬ȻҴӦػƳǣǳǵƳ֮ʣļΣյʱ򣬷ҾԲ֡
ԡ
ߵĻҶ붼ûʹӦΪҲףһʥȥһЩͨˣһܵ顣
ҶƳǵĺɽһƧĵط½徲ĵֱ֮ſȫ뿪Ƴǡ
ʱƳǵв֮Ҷûκεֱͣӳ³ȥȴûнܸš
Ҷ˵Ȼ½ѾӦػƳǰʱ䣬ȻҽƳǵȫһˣջö
տʼҲԸ⣬ȻûŤҶ죬Ƴǣ棬ܣ޻ʣһһʥҶѾٵƳǵİΣ
նܸϢ³۹ڣһģܴĳ˿ڴԼңӶž³֮ڡ
Ӷ߼ӶţҲ˵Ӷ֮ڣһΪﵽ֮ǿߣܱΪ߼Ӷš
ڴ½֮ϣ߼ӶŻѾĴˣڰ˼ӶţżӶǶǴ˵֮еĴڡ
ϾΪﵽ֮ǿߣ۰һİǸڵĳϣԸ齨Ӷš
߼ӶžͳΪ֮ȼߵӶţ߼Ӷţ۹ĻʵۼˣҲԲ˿ĵ
һ𼶱ǿߣԺɨ۹Ͼ۹Ȼ˿ڶ࣬Ҫ˵ǿߣ֮ĶС
֮ҶڴƳǸϵ³ǣȴûȥѰӶţҵһҾ¥Ҫһƣһţȳ
С㼸顣
ã͹ʡ
Ҷ컹ûгʣǴӻȡһЩǮСΪ֪Ǯʹĥʵ˵³һӶţ
͹٣֪˵һҵӶţ³ǴСС߰˼Ӷء
Ӷš
Ҷ˵ӶţС϶¶һ˿֮ɫǹ˵ԭ͹ʵӶŰ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûж˵ʲôΪ֪һ𼶱ǿߣͨʲôλ
Ӷ߼Ӷţų½һǿߣͻȹǵĳء
ûеС˵Ҷ켱æɲķϻϾҪӶţҪĻΪӶŻݡ
˵УҲǳǿߣͬǳȻǳǿߣûʲô
֪ӶŻ³𣿡
ʵոս³ڵʱҶѾ֣³ڣûһ˿ǿϢӲҪ˵Ϣ
ҶҲûйϵΪӶŲ³ǣϾһҪԼϢҲҳ
͹һҪӶŰɣ
ڵСĻҶûгϣҲûзϣɫȴԽԽĮϻɢһ˿˿ɱֱСɫ԰ף΢Ĳ
͹ϢŭӶѾ³ˣ͹˵ϡ
ȻҶʵ֪֪Ӷȥʲôط
֪͹ٿȥӶܹһʣһӶŽ񣬶ͨӶܹӵ񡣡
Ӷܹʲôط
ȥת䣬ת͵ˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶָ˵СһЩǮʧ˾¥֮Уֱһ䶯ǵСƺѾɵˣһվԭأһֱǰӣԺ֮вϵĻŸղŵһС
ܿ죬ҶѾӶܹᣬһ̣Ѿıע⣬Ҫ֪Ӷŵ䣬һҪԼ齨һӶš
³ǵӶܹһ˶ĸȻ˵ϸûʣ³ǣҲڲͬһ޶ˡ
߽ӶܹᣬҶ췢֣֮ﲻÿһϳĮ֮ǰϸʱʱɢһ˿˿ɱ


508 ũŪ
ҶףЩӶŵˣ괦Եĥһ˿˿ɱɱͷƽϣ˵ͨ˱ɰ׳ա
ҶȴûйЩˣֱߵ̨ǰŹ̨һ꣬Į˵С㣬齨Ӷţ֪ô
Ļ̨Ůͷûֻ̧ʵӶŵĵȼһżΪﵽ֮ô齨ԼһӶš
ʵΪʱҵģΪÿѯʵˣûϰҲаʮܹ齨Ӷŵȴûм
˽ĻֱŮһ߶ˣҲһ𺳣ƺЩƵġ
С㣬ҵΪոմﵽ֪ܹ֮齨Ӷţ

˾ȻһŮæ̧ͷ˵ĳʱɫٴζһݾȣ͡
ʮ겻
ŮϾӶܹˣҲǼʶ㣬Ҫ˵һڼǿ߶Ժܿ
𾴵ȷԼһ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶϳ˲ͷ֮ɫǲ鷳ԲűԼһ˵ԼһĻ֪᲻ֱӽЩɵ
ǻûеŮ˵Աһֿ󺺺Ȼ䳰ȷ˵ĻһأСӣԲǻḶ۵ġ
ˣŮɫĹ֮ɫԽŨΪ֪վߵĴֿ󺺣ǶӶţӶŵųͬһǿ͡
ʵŮҲôţҶһôŮ̬ȾԲģʵЩҶͬ
֪ôƺ
˵ǶӶţӶŵųũû̸£
Ҷ졣
˵֮Ҷ쿴ǰŮӣֱӿʵС㣬˵һΣҪ齨Ӷţ֪ô齨
һΣҶĶŭҪƽʱЩˣڣźҪҪὫʱ˷
ߣè齨ӶŵĻôӶ񲻳Ҳͬ⡣
ƾʲô
ƾҺũͷ
Ū
ôˣҲҵĴȻҽҺŪ
ӶȻֻǶӶţӶС֮ԶӶСΪӶʵǿ󣬶ǶӶų֡
ũŪ
ֻҪһ뵽Ӷų֣Ц˸ũֱӽгɺŪ
տʼũ֪ʲô˼˽⣬֪֮Ա˽ŪΪԼ֣һ˼ԼܺŪǽѼӡ
ŭ֮£ũֱӴɱ䣬ڻɱ˼۵ˣҪֲͣȥѾũɱܴ衣
ԵũȻٴν˰̣϶ʱһɾɱǲӶܹᣬֱӳǰˡ
Ҳǵģѵ֪ũų˽Ū𣬾Ȼð׶༪ˡ
ǣҲǲ֪ȻҴŪļɻ䣬ҲԹñˡ
ɴ˻ûн˵꣬ѾնϣӰϷһأڵļŮֱӱŵĿ
һӶŵĶԱֻǸӶֻһһӶţũڵĶӶŸûа취ȡ
˵ʱһСģũ˵˺ŪҶֵĺũֱӸıĿ꣬նɱˡ
ɱ˴֮󣬺ũתͷǰԶ꣬ޱȱ˵ڹ¸ҿͷٽүүĻҿһʱֻն˫֡
˭ﶯ֡
Ҷ컹ûü˵õĵڶʱһߣ˿ߵʱ򣬰ũڣȫĽһϹϡ

һ֣ҶѾߵʵΪһ֮УȻǿڣҶеһ˿ȡ
ڻĵ۹׶Ҷһֱ֣ѵ½ϵǿ߶ˣ˵֮ϵǿ߽֮˵ʲôҲš
ʵĲߣҶףʵ֮ǿ߻ǺܶģֻЩ˶ڰһ㲻뵽۹֮ˡ
ӶһҶӶҪ˵֮۹¾ǳţҲ֮Կ
ҶͬҪȫ½Ӷֱȵ컹ѣҪȻӴʵҲĬĬˡ


509 ĺ
ܿ죬ѾǰɫЩ䣬ϾӶܹᣬκ˶Ұĵط
ǣ㣿ѵ㲻֪ӶܹĹ𣿡
ǰߣոջһĶǣھһֻ˶ŵһţЩֵ̿˵ϹϣҪ֣һȻҺŪҲ֪
ûеȺũ˵꣬߱㲻ͷĻ˻֣˺ũĻĮ˵κεɣ֡
ߵĻũƺ˵ʲôǲϵٸʹɫȻٻǰߵƢũڿڡ
ǰĴ󺺲˵ĵ˵ͷ΢Ļһ˿˵ȥǧ˲պٷ
߾ȻԼǧ˲˶ƺݺݵһƣջû˵һ䣬̨ȥˡ
ڸոȥǸˣѱ̧ȥʵÿһ˰Ҷﶼһһȣһ۱Էֳ
֪ǺˣӶܹкιɣ
߾Ȼǰĺ˺˶ǴһΪǵӡ֮У߲Ƣôãһ߰ĺݡ
ͬȼǿߣǱ߳һȵǿߣ߸ῴһۣ߾ٶ˵ʲô
һ̣ͬʱ뵽һܣǾǸոҪ齨ԼӶţ˵Լһ꣬˵Ļġ
뵽ʱһǸոսӴҶŮڿ߶˺ʱɫĲ԰ޱȣͺһ㡣
Ҷ죬齨һӶţλСƺôԸ⡣
Ļ̨Ůֱӱ˹ȥҪ˼ȣ˵绨ŮҪˡ
ûйŮҽܵʵڲ˼ⶼ˵ҽϹɣƹߣðһ£Ҫ齨Ӷţ

Ӷţ
Ҷ˵ֵʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ˣΪѾﵽ֮ϹɣҲһ𾪣ƺһ㣬ϹٴѯʵҶ£ȷԼҪ齨Ӷţ
ÿһﶼӶŵĵȼһΪŸȼһż鿪ʼһֱʣơ
һΪﵽ֮߿齨ԼһӶţƣӶţҲҪΪﵽ֮ǿ齨
ǰȻ˵Ҫ齨һӶţ˵ʲôֻҪɵӣκ˶ԲµĳҪȻѣҪȻΪѾﵽ֮
ݺݵһԼĿˮϹǿס֮еļ֮飬ޱȹ˵Ҷ£֮ǰе֮Ҷ¶¡
ķϻ˵ֻ齨һӶţϣܹҰá
ã̰죬ҶԵȡ
˵֮Ϲ˲뿪˴ãڣȻѻȸûһ˸ҷκεһϾǰһʵǿߡ
Ҷ£ǿߣ
ʱһܲгȻֻũϲԼĺˮЩʵǺȣǶ˵ȴҪһ϶ȵĿˮ֮һʹࡣ
ȻҲ齨һӶţǺũǰһۣô˼ҪԼֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ū㲻ҪɱΪʲôֲˣ
ҶȤĿǰĴ󺺣Ū˵ĸһ̣λŪĻаƢһֻѱ˵ҰèĲˡ
ʵҶ첢ΪѴ󺺵ģô˵ڵʵʵڶԴ᲻ʲôȤǸղţ󺺶˵նɱһ޹ˣһ㣬Ҷʵڿߡ
Ϊ˳ͽһǰĴ󺺣ҶӰ˲ʧԭأ֮һҽֻũԭ͵ʵ˲֮
ֻССͽһպٸɱ޹ܵĺǣҲһ׷㣬ɱڽ¡
Ҽסˣлǰɱ֮
˵֮󣬺ũƺǰĺ귵أæż£æ뿪ӶܹᣬʱϹҲˡ
Ϲɲˣлһž޴ˮ˵Ҷ£ĸˮ򣬿Լ֮˵ʵ㽫Լһ˿ϢС
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ĳɣʵѹƵ֮Ȼһ˿Ԫ֮˲뵽ĸˮڣһ˿Ԫ֮ոսĸˮ֮ڣʱһǿҵɫĹâ


510 ϳȫʵ
˿ĸˮɫâʱÿһȫǰĺ꣬ĵȷȷһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ĸˮ򣬿Լеߵʵ鿪ʼһֱ𣬷ֱԳȻֲʺɫá
ĸˮɫâǾ˵ǰΪѾﵽ֮һ£ȫݺݵĴʹһ¡
ҶǰΪѾﵽ֮ȫ齨ԼӶţ֪ǰӶҪʲô֣
ȷǰȻһ۵ʱƺ϶Ҷ±ΪҶǰ̬֮˵֪
ս졣
սӶţ
Ϲ齨ӶţȻôһʱʱһ𣬲ȴûж˵ʲôϾ֮Ĳֱ̫ˡ
ǰ齨սӶѾʽսӶŵĻ£ڿԿʼļԱˡ
֪ҸļԱ
ǰ赣ģ齨ӶţҪӶŵһкܶ࣬һ֮ǰһӶܹᣬʱԱˡ
ĵ˵ͷʵҶҲһӶζʲôӶһ۴ڣôպðգĻҲܶࡣ
ԼѾɹ齨ӶţҶҲûмٵ뿪Ӷܹᣬ³ǵйš
Ҫһʱ䣬ҶȻѾ齨սӶţûԱĻôӶôӶء
ڽֵϣԲϵĽҶһĵطŵϸ͸ɫķ֮һɫķϵĿš
Ưķϲ
ʱһȻҶеĻɫʧˣüͷ΢һޣҶ쿴
ֻһ༫ƯŮץķϵĿţһͷںڵ㷢ƮţµĹСɵ˺޲ȥҧһڡ
Ůߣһ꣬Լʮ꣬󻹸߰󺺣Щ󺺵Ϊȫﵽ֮
ʦãϲĻ͸𣿡
Ůץеķһĵ˵̵Ůȴһ˵˭ͣѵԼ𡣡
˵֮̿ǰĺ꣬ʵҺϲֻϣܹøң𣿡
ҶЩеȵǣ껹Ů˵ΪȻﵽ֮һ֮Уһʲô
ոտ˵ΪҶѾȷ˲׼ˣҲӦڵĵӣһĵ֡
겻˵̻ΪԷԸ⽫ֻøԼǼ˵ҽ̣ǻڵĵӣϣܹ˷øҡ
ߣʦÿĶĪ컯
̻û˵꣬Ȼ˵ϳ˰Χ˿ˣɫеֻһ˿ݡ
ͨЩνŵӣֱĴڣŮȻϲԼĶϰϲ˵Ȼǻڵˣֻ͸Сˡ
ҶʲôҲû˵Ҫ뿪ȴԸô뿪Ȼ䵲סҶȥ·ЩƵ˵Ҫ뿪𣿡
Ҫô
Ҷû˿һƽʵȴʱõ˵ʦ֣ѵʦ˵Ļ𣿡
ʦãʦ£ɲֽܳѵ֪ôˡ
ʦ֣㡭
ûеѻ˵꣬Ѿ֣Ӵ˲Ҷ죬ȻɱҶ죬һҪԸһͨ˵Ļֱһֻϰˡ
ǽȴ˸еԾΪμӴѹʼն޷ǰĺŲһ֡
жʱ𣬸ԼΪȻֻǸոմﵽ֮һ˸ֵܵסʶѹ
Ըֵסˣ˿ȥƺ޶һ㣬ٲ²һߵĻҲͿȥﶹˡ
ߣСС飬ȻҲ˺޼ɣ첻ѵ˵պ㻹š
˵֮Ҷָһ£ôĵһ£˺ȻҵĲֵ֮ĴȻҵΪ֪үү˭
һзһȫΪ
˿ʱȫһҲ˵ʵҪȸʵ߳ܶ࣬ҪȻҲһзϳȫΪ


511 
ĻҶɫһ䣬һ˿ɱʵүү˭أ
һԼĺ꣬ƺҪŵˣɫѲ԰һƬ嶼ϵĲ
үүǻڵ̫ϳϣɱңʱ򲻽ҪȫҶҪһ
̫ϳĸ֣ҶĽŲͣһ˿ˣʱһϲϾүүǻڵ̫ϳϣʵǿ֮
Ҷһڵ̫ϳ𣬴һǷ񶨵ģҪ˵һССڵ̫ϳϣǵµһţŵ̫ϳƣûнС
ʲôط
ʻΪԷԼүүͷ֮Щ˵ʶĻ͸ϽңȻ
Ҳʵڶ顣
ǰϢŭھ³֮Ļɽϡ
̿ɱȸףǰĺԲ򵥣Ϊƽʱ̫ϳϵͷһᾪʧ롣
ǵǰĺ꣬ڵ̫ϳʱϸû˿ı飬̾Ȼ֣ƺ¶һ˿˿Ĳм֮顣
̫ԶҾȥʶһν̫ϳϣβŹҡ
˵֮Ҷֱץ𸡻֮ĻɽȥԴΪﵽһ֮޲ٶֿ˲١
֮ԶֻҪһʱʱ䣬Ѿվһɽ֮£Ŵɽ֮ϵһòҶҲ֪ٷ֮پǻˡ
ʲôشʲôͿԣشһжϵһ
ǰʣֻҪ֪ģһ֪޲޲ġ
֮ǰ̵ĻǾλүүڵ̫ϳϣǵȻǰڵʱ򣬸Ѿ֪»ڡ
ڵʵΣ
Ƕš
һм̫ϳϣʵΣ
һҵүүλ̫ϳϣҵүүһۣʣµһλ̫ϳϣȴ֪ˡ
ۼ뵽Ҷ첻֪ΪʲôǾڣƺԼʲôϵƵģϾΪﵽ֮ĸƺһ
ǱˣΪﵽ֮δܹ֮ҶȴһܹʹյҪ˵֮־ƺеˡ
ڱ󣬿ʲô֧֣
ҶףһЩţţһЩŵĽ£ϾһСҪǿΪĴ½ϴһ׵顣
Ҳܸġ
ûеȸѻ˵ֻ꣬һμ󸡻˵˵˵˵𡣡
˵ɡ
ڱ塣
壿
֣Ҷ侲Ҳ㾪ΪھѰ壬Ͼֻǿ߲ſԽСˮ֮ͷų
Ҷ켱ɴʵ֪䣿
֪źֻܶ࣬еһÿ궼ǰȡ˰գʱ䣬ٹ죬˾ҪˣҺʦòŻɽð춫
죿
ʱ䣬ҶѾ˴㣬ڻڵ죬ʱֻҪ֪䣬ôֻҪõػݣСˮѹˡ
ҶҲûж˵ʲôŸֱӳŻɽȥ˸ոʧ̱Զ˹ÿ˵ıӰ
»ˣ˿Ǹһڣѵŵˣ
һ뵽пŵˣϾЩУȻǻڱŵĻôʱΪһǡ
κεĳɣֱӳһͷɽΪһ꣬ʱڻڵĿܡ
һʱ䣬ҶѾ˻֮ǰɾʱһӣһվ˴֮⡣
Īл̫ϳϸ໶ӭ¹ٻڡ
Ҷ죬Ī
˵˵Ҷ½뻪һ𡣡
˵ĪҶ˻ʱ򣬸ҲɣһΪȴѾ׵ķˣպҲֻһͨˡ
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ڶҪȻ޻Ҫϡ٣Ȼؼһ޶ޣֻҪ֮ᵮڶֻپֵΣա
ȴһֻҪֻ֮󣬹֪ʲôʱܵڶֻ㣬Ҫ
ûû뵽ǣƬɭ֮ڣȻһֻΪѾﵽʮ֮
벻ͨǣȻɭôҪһֱһ׾ٵ飬Ϊʲôôꡣ
ɭȻ޷壬һలµദô꣬ȻʱĦһȻûнһĨɱ
ôֻ˵һ⣬ɭڵ޷峹ĨɱȫΪһλԿǿڡ
Ҫ֪ΪѾﵽʮܹ֮֮ߣҲһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ʥѾ϶ɭһֻΪﵽʮ֮򣬶ڣҲͬһλ
뵽ʥҲסˣǻＱе˵ǼǶ˵飬κ𣿡
λʹߴģǾԲ𡱣ĵ˵ͷʥ֮ʧԭأҶ˵ķȥ
ǻո뿪ֻͷܵȻһˣϳ˾֮ɫƺʲôµһ㣬֮ͷܺݺݵĳŵȥ


518 ˾Ųʮ
ͷ˲䱻ɱϧ𽲻֪һ뵽ܹϢ̽⵽ʥһһʥȴ˿ûзΪʵѾھˡ
ܿ죬ʥ֪£»صҶս֮ڣ˸û˿ĸо
ô˵֮УΪߵĸ࣬ҲֻǴﵽ֮ʥ֮ԶԸ޷̽ʥж
Ҳĵһʮ겻꣬߾Ȼһ޶ޣ޵ΪԴﵽʥ֮
Ҷ죬ղ˵ɱ
ʹ֮һʹʱʵֱڣﶼЩ̫ԸţϾΪҪ߳ܶࡣ
ҪǣԴӳڣһֱס壬˵ɭֵһָƣղȴûзʲôνɱ
ʹߵʻҲʱͣ˽Ųһһ˫ѯʵĴ۾ǰĺֱ꣬ͺûʲô
ѯʵ۹⣬ҶƽĻشɱźĸӦԲ֮ڵɱȥжҶܹоĵ
Ŷ
Ļʹһ˿ţȴûʲôǽʵ˼ǣǹɱǵģ
ǡ
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Ļʹߵһ˿ͣҪΪѾΪӣ˵ѳֽɱˣҲ˶ķϻ
ȻǹɱңܹоĵͷųɱˣΪҪ֮κ˵ΪҪߺܶࡣ
˼ǣпһΪﵽ֮ǿߣ
һ뵽˵ɫʱ䣬ϾΪﵽ֮ѾǴ½϶ǿˣǿһ㶼Լ
һ̣ʹЩĻʵǽ׸ô죿
ҶĬɫЩصĿǰˣ˵ңȲҪ·һطһ£ȵǿ뿪֮ڼ·Σ
ðɣʱ
ʹߵͬ⣬ʹ߸κε飬ڻڵˣӲʲôԵҵһ֮
ЦһҶҲûж˵ʲôҵһطҶȴԼʶ뵽Լս֮ڡ
ү
ʶʥĽһİ˰֣Ҷʵǰôˣ
үŵʮȫɱǻõһɭľס
ĻҶʱһɻʵʲôܣ
ûеȻ˵˵үԭɭһֻ򣬶һһ޶޽е󡣡
˵ʲôɭһֻΪﵽʮ򣬶һ󣿡
ĻҶɫʱ䣬ʥ϶ĵ˵ͷҶֱ緭ˣþ޷ƽϢ
ǰǸһ֪ʲôΪĲϵ۽粻ϵߣҲ֪һЩ飬ս¼֮Уרһƪڽ¼ޣоһΪޡ
ս¼֮أΪ½ϵľޣûдﵽʮ֮ʱʵ͵ˣκһ޶Խɱ
ֻҪΪﵽʮ֮ô֮УԿΪǿļ֮һǿ߱⡣
Ҷʵû뵽ǣɭھȻһֻΪﵽʮ֮򣬼ֱЩ˼顣
ҶϾʶĲԾɭôҪһ壬ֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ϊʲôǧɭ֮ȴల£˭Ҳûн˭˵ʲô
ʥƺѾ֪ǰ뵽Ҳû˿ֱ˵үµһûڣͬһ򣬶һΪﵽ֮ĳǿ򡣡

ʵ֪ɭҶ뵽ڣҲͬһ򣬿¼񣬲ûȫ䣬ȫ
֮ڵΪѹȵַһнĹôλ񣬻᲻ͬռڣ뵽ҶԼĲ²°˾Ųʮ


519 ҶİԻ
뵽ҶɫٴǰһֱΪϣνʥأ񺣣ȳ⣬ڡ
ԴӽнĹԺҶһ飬ţħ˴ţÿһڣһ񼶱ǿ
Ȼ²ֻԳɹҶ֪Լ²һдڵܣ͸ӵĿ϶Լ롣
ΪƾԼһ֮ʵټʥСڵʵʱţҲҪڵǿȫɱ
ֱһ̣Ҷ֪ԼжףΪܹﵽʥ֮š
뵽ҶѾ˳Ĵ㣬ҪСˮ׾ѣȻ罫ԼΪ֮
ȵΪﵽ֮ôԸɽѣ׵ԼѣʱΪԴﵽ۷֮
ȵ֮֮׵֮һ֮ȣܴ֮ܲڣҳƿŵ
ڸǶһ񣬼סɡ
үԸ
ҶŻ𽲻ϵ˵ʲôʥҲֻǲϵĵͷ𽣬޵¶һ˿ԾǺЦ
Ҷ죬ǹɱ뿪ûУ
֪֮УʱѾȻʹѾȵĲͷֲô˵ԷһĻôȫҲǶԷһ˵һ֮С
ĵ˵ͷһ̣Ҷڻ˫ۣ˵ǹɱѾʧǿҲѾ뿪ڿԼ·ˡ
˻Ҳ֪ǸϲǸñϾ֮УֻԸӦǹ翵ɱֲòѡš
˼·ʼûϰٲǰȻƾճ꣬һһŮеӢŮޣһһŮһ𣬼ֱһԡ
˿ǰ˵ʱ򣬳Ҷ֮⣬˵ɫ˲䣬Ǹܹ࣬ĸܵǰĿֲϢ

ָոճڸУ㱻ˣô˵ΪѾﵽܹ֮еľǿߣ𼶱ǿ
֮ϱ֮һ뵽ǰпǿߣʱݺݵĴһ¡
Ҳûһ漶ǿߣǻڵһǿߣҲǻڵһ̫ϳϣҲֻǸոմﵽ۷֮
һҪڣ²ʱھͻᱻϴһգ˿ֵûС
Сģ˶ǿߡ
ľ棬Ҷ֮⣬˵嶼ݺݵĲһ£ǿߣĸ־һӣݺݵĻǵ֮ϡ
۱ϾۣȻͬܳԾɻ˫ֱȭѾǰʵ֪λкιɣ
Ƕ˶ԳѰҡ
ĻʱһɣԭǳҶģͺðĶˣʵλ֪ʲôǷЧͣ
ԡ
ͷβһֱĮޱȣû˿Цݣͺһǧ꽩ʬŮһ˿˿֮飬ֻһЦѾʹ˸
λ˵ֻҪܹ쵽ģһ߾ȫλ쵽
긡Ļ¶һ˿Цݣָʹߣʱλƽʱ߰ޱȵʹߣŵɫ˲תס
ϣҸܵǼϢҪ

Ƕһˣڣ˭ǵʹ߶һ䲻Ը⣬ϾԷʵ
λ£ϵиµʲôУһύλΣ
УǲţǱҪ߸ȫҪ
ָոճڣϺȻһɿֲϢֱӽ˰ҶڣȫڣҲ˲оԼ뵽һĿռڡ
ǿеͨ򡣡
ܵɱĿռʱ˶ֵĲղǻЩɣôڣȫٷ֮ٵĿ϶ǰˣʵǿߡ
ϾֻΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣſγԼ֮Уףκ˶ΥԵʹԼ֮Ҳûһѡɡ


520 徳
ʹ˴ʧɫʹЩֻŵ˵ǰ飬ǰˡ
ĽʹѡЭȻɭֵ壬ʹǰҪɱǣֻһ˲顣
ʱȴ˵ͲҪˣֻһ£ʵش𣬷ɱǡ
ǰģֻҪ֪ģһ֪޲޲ġ
ĵ˵ͷʵˣ
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ǰ˵һûȷһ飬һֱΪ
ʵ⣬ʹû˿Ͼ飬Ѿ½֪
ʹﻹ֪Ȼʣô˵֪һЩһǻٵĻֱ롣
㣬ǲǿߵ֮
ûȷߵ֮˵һ֮ʱ֮ͻ뵽ڣܹõػݣȻ֮ͷųô߾Ϳˡ
ȻҶѾȷСˮʵûֻҪܹСˮ֮ͷųȻϻػݵĻôʱСˮͿˡ
οԽһ˵֮ͷų
ʻ𽣬ǻҶһսʱʥѾȫ֪֪СˮȻΪ˾үϧԼʥԵСˮ
Ҫ飬ͷųߵ֮ѧϹȭұﵽ龳ſԡ
쾳
ǰҲ˵һʯɣ
ĵ˵ͷȻ֪ﵽ֪֪ڣûһʯ껹˵֪˵
Ȼǰ֪Ǿͺðˣڵеÿ궼ǰʯһΣӶʯϵһϹȭ
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ʹ߾ȻڵǰĶˣʹߵɫʱ䣬Щеĺȴʹֹˡ
ʯصȭһӵ󾳽磬ֱ˾ؾ쾳ʥ񾳣Ҫ飬Ҫһ쾳ǿ֣߳λ쾳ǿ߱Ҫﵽλ쾳ʵ
ŮˣҶҲȭʵ֣ȭһΪ󾳽磬ʵߵʵִͬС졣
ֻȭĵһ磬ȴǰ֮е飬ͣʦڶڣۣơ
ĸ൱ʥ֮񾳣񾳽磬Ҳ˵쾳λʵ൱ʵʵ
Ҷףһ쾳λʵǿߣаսɱһʥĻôҲֻͶܵķˡ
ڿΪﵽλ쾳ߣ
ոʳ˻Ҷһ׳գΪﵽλ쾳߶ûУôͲ֪˼ٴˡ
ʹȴȻ˵ǰЦˣڵȻλ쾳ǿߡ
ŶǾͺðˣҸʱ䣬ȥڵһλ쾳ǿ߽г
ǰղ˵ʲô
ĻʹߴһҶﶼǺݺݵһ׳յ꣬ⲻ巢
ȴƺûоԼһ㣬ɫ˲ת䣬ЩĮ˵ֻʱ䣬֮һλ쾳ǿߣôʣµ˾ȫҪ𣿡
ס
ʹߵɫ˲ޱȲ԰Ȼɳʹߣȴ֪Լĵλ¸޷λ쾳ǿߡ
ʹΪˣһɳΪﵽλ쾳֮ǿߣɳһؾǿ߳Ѿܲˡ
Ȼ˵ΪҲѾﵽ֮ȴûͨʯϵȭҲӶʧȥٴθʯĻᡣ
ûеʹ߽Լ˵ֻӳһâʹ֮⣬˶ʱʧԭء
д磬ʹߵɫѾĲ԰ޱȣȴû˿ѡ񣬲ô˵һֱһ֮Ĺϵǳĺá
ʹߵԲ˵ȴܲͬ΢΢һ̾ʵ벻ףɭΪʲôͻȻǿߣǳġ
û˿ĳɣʹ߿ֱӳķȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾʧԶľͷ


521 ʥ
һƽϣһЦĿǰˣЩ٩˵λʱ䣬Ϸ
˻֮гҶ֮ڣÿһȫ¶һ˿εı飬Ҫ֪ǰһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
Ϊﵽ֮ǿߣȻСһ㣬Ǹղʹ֮һǿߡ
˭Ҳû˵κεĻϾԷһǿߣֻҪָͷͻ˲䣬˿ķſûС
ϵı飬ĵ˵ͷ˵˿뿪ҸʱȻǶ˾ͻȥǣֻҪҵٺ٣Ӧܹ뵽
ڵʱʼԿʼˡ
ŮĻ䣬Ѿٵ뿪ԭأһ飬һ飬ҪҶģҶûдӦ
ȫ뿪֮ϵĻЦʱʧеֻһ˿⣬˵үҰô
ȥϷ֮ǻͣߡ
Ҷ˵ٵ뿪ԭأһһŮҶµʥ𽣬Ҷ콻ֻûｫ֧С
ҶеƲѵǣȻ֧ˣȴʹ߻ص壬һʹٻĳǿߡ
ֻΪﵽʥǿߣҶû˿ĵǣϾʥȴǵǣڲʥǿߣһǿߡ
ҶȫĵɳһǿߵĻôʥҲ˲䱻ɱ
Ҷ뿪ԭ֮󣬿ٵĳһطȥȴϴ¶һ˿Ц漴ƾյʧԭء
ԴΪﵽʮʥ֮󣬱ܵĶһЩͨؼЩһ޶ĳޣΪﵽһʵ֮󣬱Զֵͨͨ
Ϊﵽʮʥ֮ʱһͨǾһĿռڣԸܵͬǿߣҲǣԴӽɭڣѾɭͬǿߡ
ĸӦɭһʥǿߣиһֻΪͬﵽʮ۷ĳʥ
һ̴Ҷȥʥ֮һΪԲһֻʥȥܿ죬˱Ѿһɽͷ֮¡
үѾˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶɫû˿˵ֻ֪ʥıʲô𣿡
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ĸ֣Ҷ˹Ȼǲʥ֮ǱĻǾͲһˡ
½֮ϣһЩһ޶֮⣬һ޸ӱ̬ǾǱޣ˵ǿޣһֳޣһȴǱˡ
ҲΪ֣һֱ޾ﵽһʵͨ޻в磬һֱޣһʵǿôʵ͸ӿֲˡ
ҶֻǵʵһܸߣҪȻ𽲻Լģ뵽Ҷ˵һߣȻ˵Ӱ˲ʧɽͷ֮¡
ɭһʥ򣬷ֱλػɭֱ֣ǶλȴڱĻɽ֮ϡ
ɽ֮ϣ֮ӵľһ㣬һȺȺʵµ޲ϵѲӣɭڣ˼ۻһ㡣
һ˶Ĺ֮ڣһӣͿŮõ֬ˮۣһɹ˷ָ֬ζϵĻص֮ڵÿһ䡣
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ɭڵʥȻһֻʥʵȴΪ£ҲʥͳεķΧڣͳεĵ͡
ӻ»޻ʣĴ棬˴ҲǱǿһ̣ȫһãͬ̽һص⡣
״ˣٲĻµʱ̶Ҫռˣ»뼪״˷׾Ǳʥǣ˵Ǽ޻֮һѼ


522 ̫
ѼĻɫеֻһ˿أʱһ޻˵״ˣҲͬ
ȲҪ˵ˣǵȥλʥһ¸ôʱж
ǣʥˡ
ɾʱ򣬼׵ɫʱ䣬ĶŴϿգȻޱȵ˵λȻˣǾɡ
׵Ļո£֮ںȻ꣬ǸҶ𽣬ʱ޻˲ˡ
ǻûе޻κεķӦѾݺݵ˦˻޻ʵɫѲ˾֮ɫһŵĿǰûжһµĶˡ
ʥ
ʥѾȫ϶ǰŮһֻΪﵽʮ֮ʥʵҪǵʥĶࡣ
ǶҪ֡
ʱ򣬼׺Ȼ˵ΪҲѾ֣ǰˣеŮȻҲһֻʥʵԱҪߡ
һɽкιɣ
ҽһ£ҽ𽣬λҵҶ졣
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һ뵽վԼǰŮǴ˵֮еĳ𽣬׵ľͱݺݵĴһ£ʵ֪λкιɣ
֪ǰŮʱ̬һٰʮȴת䣬ȻǱޣȴӵ֪ԼǰֱȽϡ
㼸£ʵشС
ʡ
˵ɭһλΪﵽʮ󣬿д£
Ůʴ£ʱһΪɭһλ¸ɭܣ벻ףǰŮô֪ġ
ֱڣлһ˿֣̿ŮһֻޣΪǴﵽʥ֮ڴ½ܹʤĸûм
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뵽Ҳκεشǧǰɭһֱʥ򣬿ǺȻһ죬ɭһֻֻǵһУ㽫ʥȫܣӴ֮ɭ
ȻʵӦҲһλΪﵽ֮ǿ߰ɣ
Ȼ֪ǰ˵ҪʲôǼȻ˵ͷ˵һλ̫ϳϣΪѾﵽ֮Ϊԭͱɭˡ
֪ʲôط
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⣬붼ûͻشϾһֻΪﵽʮ񣬶ֻһֻʥûȨһС
ĵ˵ͷ˵ҪһæΣ
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֪֮ͨɭֵλʥȻһ𷢱һ塣

˻ɫ󾪣Ͼһλ񣬳Գ֣϶СС֡
ǰã岻֪ʲô裬ȻϮɭһΣºʥһ̫Ρ
Ͼô˫Բ򲻵ѵʱ̣˫Բᴥһĵߡ
Ҳ̫ͻȻ˵㣬û˿ףȻɭֳ֣һɱޣʵ˵ʥﶼѾ˵ף϶Ҫ̵ְ
Զ²Լ飬׸ûᣬҪ飬ҵǸĻ֣˭ڵ
ڵǰŮȻԼʱһͷǣⳡıı֣ǲǾǰĶˡ
룬ʱѹеĲɣϾǰŮǱʵǿһԼһСıˣǾͿ޴ˡ
ڸµһ㣬޷֤Ҫλͬ⡣
УɲѡֻҪشͬ⻹ǲͬС
Ļ䣬һҵĽֻ֮ڣĴ֮һһͷΪﵽ֮Ұ˲䱻һɱ֮ɢڴ֮ڡ
ֵ𽣬Ϊ𽶮һǾԶǽð취˵컨׹Ҳ޼£չֳԼǿʵһ档
ĺȻã׸жֻĿԼ±ɱ


523 ׼
ҵͶ޵ģԻ
Ļ䣬һٴαһɱ¼ڻ̿ˣεģԼ±ǰŮɱ⣬ôպǳ˹˾ˡ
ҴӦ㡣
ǰŮҪ֣׼æ˵ֱڣĵ˵ͷ˵Ҷ㲻ģҪԼ֮׼
ǲЩ̫ˣ
Ļ׵ɫ˲䣬׼൱һ˽ԼȫһˣԼ
Լ֮׳ĻôҲ͵ڽԼȫǰŮɵȴûж˵˲ʧԭء
ߣ浱㲻ɡ
ô˵ҲΪﵽʮʥĳǿߣǿԷؼĳޣ˵ѳˣĻ˶ķϻ
ʱҶڳˣ˲ϣһ˲ʹֲĽʱ
źȻֵĿֲɫʱ䣬ΪԴ֮Ѿ֣ΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮ˡ
Ȼ׺һֻؼһ޶ĳޣΪǴﵽʥ֮ʥΪʲôһССΪˡ
ڸ룬ȻԷֻһСС棬ȴܹ˿ֲĽѾȫϡ
޴ﵽʮʥ֮֮ͬԼû˿ĳɣֱͷųԼǿһΪҪʱڽɱ
ΪһʥֵĻ´ڵ޳֮һ˲䱻ɱȽɱȥʥ
üû뵽ǣǵ͹ǰʵֲĽֱ֮ӻƿռ䣬ݺݵն
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ֱһ̣֮ڵĴ棬Ѿȫɱʣµֻ޻ʺͰ˴⻹𽲻뽫Ūʰĵز
ŭһԼµĴȻֻһ˲䱻ɱ׾˷Ĺţһ㣬Ҷ켤ȥ
Ҷȴû˿Ķһ£ôż׳Լ¶һ˿ЦʱȻҶǰ
Ҫɱˣͬⲻͬ⡣
ȻֵʥӲͣϾûףʱ˵ٸӵʱ䣬֮㻹ûиҪĴ𰸣ҽɱޡ
˻׵ɫѾޱѿʱĲƣʱͺһ㣬֮ɫһҪ֡
ţҴӦ㡣
ãǾͿʼɡ
˵֮󣬼ڼ䲻Ը£Լһ˿֮׼ǰŮӶҲԼȫһˡ
Ҳ˵ҪüĻôû˿һ˿ſĻᶼûУǼ˵֮ɭֽٽ壬ǻʲô𣿡
ֱһ̣Ҷһô˵֮лʯӶѧȭôʱҪǿߣѾԽСˮ֮ͷų
Ҫסһ㣬֮һս̫󣬸Ӳλ𣿡
ˡ׵Ļ䣬ҶѾʧڴ֮ڣʱļףҲʱʧȥɭֵĴʥһ֣֮ͬ顣
ү֮ɭսλǿĻǸô죿
һŹϵ£ɫЩصĿǰĺֱ꣬ڣȻ޷ףүﵽôġ
ҪõȭֽȣûһʱܲʯҵȲôʱԱᡣ
ҶɫҲ΢Щأ˵λǸõģΪ֮ʣ˭Ҳ׳ֵġ
үڽô죿
ȡ
ȣ
ԣȣȵ֮ʹ߽ǴڣȻȵʽսʱǾлˣ֮ɳǿֻ߳ѡһ·ˡ


524 
һ뵽ʱΪҶҪץĸоԭֻû֧ˣȴû뵽ȴʹ߻ȥٻǿ
ʵҶδؾͻΪ˶鲻һһʱǿҶҲ֪òóֽǰ˳׻ɱ
Ҳûڻɽ⣬ΪҶ֪ѾԼ֮׸𽣬ҲԤʾԼȨ𽡣
ɴһǸһҲˣκεĻУҶٵĳԭĵطȥ
תۼʹ뿪ĵطҶ˻лȫڳ֮ڣ˱ѾҪĥĲˡ
ԣȻûнĻɱھȻèץϷ··ϣ˲ϵܵĴݲС
Ҷ֮󿴵ǰʱҲ¶һ˿ȣӿţֱӴЦΪǰʵ̫Цˡ
ȲҪ˵ˣˣŮھȻһͷŮؤһ㡣
ȴûһϸκεĲϾԷһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣҪǣֱͺֻһ
ɽǰǿ߻ûеĻǡ
ȻĻû˵꣬е˼ѾԲˣʱ򣬻ԼҶ˵ɫ¶һ˿
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬˶ʱǰ֮Уʹ⣬˶ߣʹԼʮꡣ
λ쾳ǿߣ
ڵλ쾳ǿߣ൱֮еǿߣֻҶû뵽ǣ廹ɳλǿߡ
Ҷȴû˿ϲãΪʹѾ˵ҪСˮ֮״ͷųΪﵽλ쾳ʵ
ҶҲȻˣ岻ɳλ쾳ǿߣ΢΢̾ϢһҶŻ𽴫Ƚս֮ڡ
ү뿪

Ϊʲôү
үĻûκεķӦɻȴɻʵϾǿѾ뿪ĻôǺΡ
ȥҶȴʥκʵĻᣬֱӽʥջصս֮ڣȻǰȻֵˡ
ʥأ
ʹ߿ǰλ겻ڵʱϳɻ֮ɫϾ֮ǰȥҳǿġ
ǰصڣѾ취źò׽λϻǵڣλȻˣⲻˣ
ʹ߽һУһһʮĸǰˣ˻֮󣬲ʹߣǸոλϣҲһء
ʹ߻ص壬ɭںȻʥһѺĻ飬տʼûһš
ƽʱʹߴϲЦĵЦǴֵţɳλ쾳ǰ
ȻûļʶλʥλѾȫȷɭڣһλʥǿߡ
һ뵽λʥѾ֮⣬ϵؾԽĶϾ½֮ϣ֮⣬ʥ޵еĴڡ
λϲȷǣʥ֮⣬֪ǺǻһʥҪֵĻôڣλ⣬˭ܹ赲ʥ
С֣ȻʥѾ뿪뿪һǾص塣
ˣλʦ档
ĵ˵ͷ˲ʧԭأΪҪϻ壬ϲ㣬֮ڵȷʥĳǿߡ
ʰʰҲڡ
һٴ̤˸·̣һ·֮ϣ˳Ҷ֮⣬ȫȵķ֣ɭڵޣƺȫ
ʦ㣬ɭֵ׷ʲô飬Ϊʲô޶ƺҪʲôжһ㣿
ӵĻʹߵɫҲޱȵأȻɭ֮ʱһ˿Ħ֣ǴûгֹκδģĻƴ¼
ǲô˵˫ǵжԹϵɭڵ޶˵ʲôɵҲܹµĳ
һʱ֮֮⣬Ҷվߣ۲ʵŵĳ
һ޴֮ڣ滷ɽγһõĵֱǽɹ˿ء


525 սڼ
ǰľ޴ȣҶ֮ѡطȫΪ˵ֿɭڵ޽
ѾˣǼסǧҪܣ𣿡
ڵ˴Ҷȫ˵ͷ˳ǰɽȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿ׵ʧ֮⡣
˸ոʧһ̣ȻȺɭڣȻһɹǿϢһ쳹ʡ
ֻһ˲䣬ɭںȻһȺޣָޣ˴½ܹģ뵽ڶˡ
֮У֮вΪµޣҲΪޣиΪﵽĳǿߡ
ʱ⣬ҲʱǧˣǰȻҵޣվǧǰˣɫʱ䡣
˶ߣΪǴﵽλ쾳Ѿ൱֮Ҫ˵ڣڴ½֮ϣҲǿĴˡ
⵽ôˣΪʲôɭڵ޻ᱩң
ʥҪʲôѵҪͬھ𣿡
ôǱҪ֪ͨλʦ壬롣
֮УһųüëߣȻһλ쾳˵Ͽȥأλʦء
ǡ
λ쾳ٵ뿪ԭأȥλߺȻһ߹ɿֲϢֱ˲γһεϡ
ɭڵޣ֮׵ĵطȫͣĸ󺺣һٸʱǰ
һŮ֮УбŽԼ֮׼ļףҲΪﵽʮʥ֮ıǡ
λʥλʦһԼ˫׳֣ǽɭȴȻ˹ģ֮ĶҪʲô
ߵĻеֻһ˿ЦĮ˵ߣǻǵ֮Լ㣬֮ǰ˭ɭȳֵģ
ҿԸ㣬岢ûжɭֳ֡
ڼǰ飬˶֪ÿһȴûеһ飬Ͼġ
ߴʵû뵽ɭֵʥȻ֮ǰ飬һ֪Ǽ¸
֪ǰߴ֪߼޻֮
ôСƵİϷһֱΪɭһףȴǡǡ෴ɭֲûףҾȻˡ
ڣʹߴҶһƧķǰָǰһŷ˵ס£ŵ˻ûе
ʹתͷҶ죬˵ȻѾΪӣǻҪȼʱ䣬⼸ʱڣסʲô飬㾡ҡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûж˵ʲôѡߵһݣֱ˽ȥûڵˡ
ʹȻܾľٶȴûжʲôһֱиʣΪʲôᣬͷȻȫˡ
°׷뵽ʣʹת뿪ˣȴ˵ΪԼΪж˲˵ͱ޸ˡ
ݺݵһ䣬תͷ̣ʵ㣬һֱиҪ㣬ͷΪʲôȫˡ
Ҳ֪±ҪģûбҪˣҲȥɡ
˵֮˽ȥγҶķݣ͸¶һ˿ɱŰɣһһὫҵĽ¡
ڣҶɫЩصĿܣΪԴӽоһɿֲϢ֣ҶֱԿ϶ͷųɿֲϢˣλ

ԴӸܵϢҶǴһɻѣԾǣʵȷֲ쳣ɻǣΪʲôֱ
ҶȻΪѾﵽ֮Լһǰһֻ࣬ʵ벻ͨҪʲô
ǽ񺣵ˣ
ʱһ翵ȻԺ֮Уոճֵһ̣ҶѾȫȷ
ǡ
ȻҶԼûѣǵսתʵѾȷսȴǽ񺣵ˣʵҲǽ񺣵ˡ
ȻɣӦܹҵҡ
ԡ


526 ػ
ȻҶ첻֪ǿҪʲôȴ֪ڵԼѾԷ¸塣
Ȼ֪ô绯ΪҶ֪ԼûаĶԹû˿ɱ⡣
µһ˿˿ϢҶֱһɽͷǰ˵Ҳ֣һ·֮ϾȻûһ
ʵҶףҪôһʥҪһ쳣ѵ顣
ˣ
ˡ
ȻˣǾͽɡ
һҶջ˵һǰһŰ׹ȥ׹һҶӰ˲ʧԭء
Ҷոʧ׹ǰӰȫǰ׷ԲԵߣ˵ΪȻȫﵽʥҲ˵Ϊﵽʥ֮
ڣ֪Ϊʲôɭֵ޺Ȼ䱩֪Ǹô
ڣǰλߣѾǿߣҲǱߵˣֻҪʲôϾϵ顣
Ĵʱ˲ţһ㶼ĽأڣһΪﵽ񾳵ĳǿߡ
ѾɭڵǸϼһͨˣ˹ǲؾţЩҲЩ̫ˣýλᣬǶһ¡
ڵĻʥǿͬʱһϾɭڵ޶ţëҪսʱܹʤҲǵһǧ˰ٵĽ
ȫȥɣסΣ֡
ǣڡ
õڵĿѶǿ˲ʧԭأڸո°׷أƺûпһ㡣
֮ڣҶվһĿڣǰһλ߾ڵϣߵһ˿ܣȫ
ߵ˿Ҷ¶һ˿أΪ֪˿Ϊﵽܹ֮־
ҴǰɢϢҶֱҪ϶ߵΪԴﵽ֮Ѿܹա
Ϊﵽһ֮Ӥֵ־Ϊﵽ֮ʮֵ־
Ϊﵽ֮ĻӵյͨΪﵽԲ֮ôԳӴ
Ҷֻ֪Ϊﵽ֮޵дڲӵеģԲ̫֮ѴﵽϾ̫Ѵ
ҽҶ죬֪ǰ
ҶĻ䣬ߵ˫ʱҲ˲ֱû뵽ǰü֮
ɫһ嶼ƺ΢Ĳһ£Ҷ컹ǵֵڽغҶѽսڻ˳ֱü֮С
ǰ°׷ȻֵܹסԼʶ͵ĵ˵ͷſ˵ҽ飬ܲ
ܲ
ĸ֣Ҷ߲ڿԼ˵ʵϾԶʮ겻;Ȼﵽ֮ٶȾǿ˸ġ
֪ǰҶʲô飿
ʵƽ޹ģ˵ɣ㵽ʲô飿
Ҫѧȭ
Ҷû˿Ϊǰ߲ԸѧȭĻôΪﵽ֮ҲܳԸġ
ƺǰĻ߲ûие˿ľȣȻĮ˵ҿԴӦ㣬ҲҪӦһ£Σ
ǰ˵ܹ쵽ĻһΪ
Ҫջ꣬Σ
ǰǲڿЦҵʵ»޷Ҫɣ
˵ҪҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫʵ벻ͨΪոմﵽ֮ʵڣŲϺŰɡ
֪ģھʥǿߣǿ൱ʥĳǿߣҶţµһţҲԲðġ
ƺ֪ı飬û˿Ĳ죬ƽļ˵ģֻҪʱְ̳һ±ˣΣ
֮ʣҶﲻףǿʵ½֮ϣһôǰҲ硣
ֻ֮ʳְһ£Ҷĸûκε⣬ϾҪСˮ֮ͷųѧȭΪСˮҲû˿ѡ


527 ʮʥĶս
ΪСˮҶû˿ĳɣֱӴӦǰߣϾţôۣġ
ȻھͿȥʯȭˣܹ٣Ҫ컯ˡ
Ļ䣬ֱһƻӳһ˲佫Ҷ֣ҶʱʧԭأҶҲû˿ĵֿ
ȵ°׷ʧ֮֮¶һ˿ɣ΢ϣպܹİɹƽ١
׹һҶʱһС͵ɽڣСɽȿһֻһǧɸߵͨʯ
ʯҶ쿴ǰʯʱѾ֪ʯʯҲǸȭĹؼڡ
ͨȭֱӴ񾳣Ҳ֮Ҷ֪ҪͨȭǶôѡ
û˿ĳɣҶֱʯ£ĸΪֻнȭλ쾳ſԽСˮͷų
֮⣬ʥǿѾʥ˫ļɵԷϾʥʵ̫죬һҪ롣
λʥ֣δսʮ˲ҪڣǿΣ
ãҲܾôĿţȥһطӣ֤һ±˴֮ĵãλΣ
ĵ˵ͷڼ׵Ļʥǿû˿ķԣλʥҲͬ
Գ´һϵеʮǿ߿ٳһȥʮ˸ո뿪ֻ˫Ĵ˲˾ʵҰһ㣬ɱһ
ʵʮﶼֻڲϵɱ֮УܸõĥԼµʵԣεĴսǿ׿ϵģʮ˾û
ʮ˴սĵطѡһ쳣ƧȣȵĲڵĵλֻ࣬ûôѹˡ
ոս֮ڣ˫ʱʼ˴սʮ˵Ϊﵽʥ֮˵ΪǴﵽʥ֮
ʮʥĶս׳ۣǧ½ҲûгֹһΣֻǸոտʼһ˲䣬ȾѾƽһ㡣
½һֱһɣǾͬȼµߣһ㶼ޱȽǿһЩΪܵˣǱ̬һһЩ벻ͨ
Ǵ½ϵĴ󲿷ȴ֪ȴһ⣬Ȼ߷ҲޣһֱһϹȭ
˵пܽȭ񾳵Ļһȭƿһͷķֱӽȭ¡
֪һķ½˵ǿģ˾ת峤ǴﵽһĴڡ
һλ񣬵õһ񽣣Ȼսһε峤е񽣺ݺݵն峤ʱȻֵķ֣һˡ
Ҳ˵峤ƾĿֲʹݻһ񽣣ҵʱ峤ûлɱ
ʵﶼ֪峤֮Բɱʵǿ峤û˿в
ʱ꣬һȫͨȭǿߣٴλ峤˴սһĽǣǿߣһȭֱ֮ƿ峤ķ峤ֱӺɱ
һսʹ룬ȭǱΪµһȭǿߣȴҲˡ
ⲢӰȭĿеĵλӴ֮˶壬ҪõȭҲΪȥ֮֡
Ϊ˲峹ױĸֻ߲ýʿӴڲκ˳ɽֱ꣬½ҲûܹʱŽĸˮ档
ɭڵʥǰǿߣ˿ĵģϾȭʵ̫ɲˡ
һʮ˸ʹļֱǲֺʵʮﶼȻǿȥƴȴûһ˸º֡
ʮĽԷһ˻ɱĻôһλͻ֣ʱһλҲͬ֡
λսôʾȫˣʱ˫ͻŪһʰһһŻ֣ǲݡ
Զ֮е򵽰ʱʱһλʥǿߣһСһȭ˼׵ϣʱǣҳһ


528 ﵽ޸
ɭʥʵΪµľֻǣֻǸոմﵽʮʥ֮һﵽġ
ǿߣû뵽ԼһȭȻܹԷһֻΪﵽʮʥĳֱӺ
űԼѾıǣʥǿȫһ𣬱ϾԷһʥһ
ǸոձҶü֮𽣬ɫʱһЩȷֻǾȻ˻ɱˣ
ʲôǣ
ھĻ֮˵Ļ󣬸ܰһǷӿǰŮ޲ȥֱӿмڵˡ
ĵˣʲô붼ʣôʣΪʲô񶼻ûдﵽ֮
˻ոջһ˷ܵı飬˲ĺ˭ǷһƵģ˾˴һ㡣
ǰӢһεӣĶʱһ˵ֻҪܹﵽ֮Ҿͼ޸㡣
ʲô𽣬ղ˵ʲô
ĻոձģٴαǱ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܵĲϾ׷ǰŮǧˡ
Ȼ֪ʵԼǰʵûдﵽһ̶ȣһֱϽ
ԵĻ˿ƮĸоҲƺ¶˾һ㣬ݺݵĵ˵ͷϸС˵ֻҪܹﵽ֮Ҿү޸㡣
ǽûп֮е飬ȫȷ£ֱӱ˫ۣʼҲûκεı顣
ϲĿһǰ꣬ۺʱжҪǿڳŵı˫ۣҲʼ
޴֮ڣֻǲʱѲֻµķ棬Ŵǿߣʮֻ۾ȫĶŵѾɱĻǡ
ԥղǿ̫Сģ׵׺ɱż׵ʥҲ׵ıɢ
Ҳ˵ֻյĽתĻᶼûһ˿׵ʧؼ䣬ӼΪﵽʮʥ֮ǰʱҲᳬꡣ
ϲģȻɱ֣Ҫȫᡣ
ʱʣµĴʥ֮һһֻ۶ʵڼ֮ϣΪһŭ˵
ʥ֮У뼪׵ĹϵãΪʥ֮У˵ʵͣλʥˡ
ƽʱϲҼ׺ȺСƣ̸̸£ȴû뵽켪׾ȻᱻɱʥĶû¡
ǰϵʬ壬ԽԽߣԽϵɱԽǿں֢״³ˡ
ʥʥûһ֣Ǹոջɱ˼ףϵ߼֡
ЦһڵٵķתΪһҪΪױѩޣһ϶ƴȫһԡ
ȭʱʹһ̽ȫ֮ϣһɿֲȭ˲佫ڡ
Сġ
ʥǰϵȭ˵ɫʱ䣬ΪܹĴ֮ϸܵһ˿ζ
ô˵һֻΪﵽʮʥ֮ĳޣʥ֮ɲ뼪ǰ㣬ﵽʥֻ겻ʱ䡣
ıʱһֻ׶೤ߣ۶ȻʲôޣƷԺܸߣҪȻҲʮʥ֮ˡ
һȭ۶ϣֻ΢Ĳһ£ûǰ㣬˼ֱһȭ
һȭҲԲܣ˲Σĸӿֲɱֱֱǰȥŭƥ
ʱʣµʥȻʥ߳ˣȻƽʱˣǲô˵ǶһӪġ
Ŵǿڴ˼սһһοɲһΣһ˫жмɵֶ棬û֡
һȴȫһɭʥȻɱһȲҪ˵ģȥһʥζʲôʵ
һÿһȫî˾ϣ˲佻֣ʥǿԺ׳ۣһ̣˫κε飬һ˼Ҫ׵ĻɱԷ
ǰʱȻŴǿûһ䣬ǾŸȫ˲ʣһǺصĲʣЩ˻ɣǲڼսȥʣµľŴʥҲҪȫˡ


529 µȥ
Ŵʥ߶Ѿǿ֮ĩȫţվԭأĶǰĵз϶ˡ
ɾʱԶʺȻǿϢŴʥ߸ܵһǵĿֲϢʱÿһ˵ɫȫˡ
Ϊ˾Ȼֵķ֣֮УȻȫΪﵽʥǿߣǰǵȻκεĵǡ
ȴȫһˣڸղ˫ĴսɭʥһɱʣµľҲȫˡ
ҪǲĻû˿ĵֿ
һ뵽Ŵʥߵɫٴδ䣬ޱȣȻÿһﶼ֪ڴڣǲô˵ǵ֮ʣһ㲻֡
ֻһ˲䣬ոջԶߵǿϢѾ˾ǰһоˣȫһɫĴ󺺡
صǣľ֮Уÿһ飬·һģһɫͼһģһҲ˿
Ǹеȵǣľ֮УȻÿһ˵ΪѾﵽʥ֮ھҪɱǣֻࡣ
ʲôˣкιɣ
ʱ򣬸ոջս˫ȻĬĿ£һΪڻŽһĻôö롣
ߣ壿ɭ֣һȭѡ
һ󺺾ӵ˵ֱӽŴʥ˸Ǻʲôʱ˸˶˵ˡ
ôǻѵǲһȺ𣿡
ƺǹҪǰľˣ󺺾ǻǹһ㣬ͣĳǰľˣʲô˵ʲô˰ʱͣ
þ󺺸еһ˿ƵǣôǰľʼղڣҲƺԼһ֮ˣͲԼһ㡣
֮󣬾󺺲תϣʵֻΪһ飬ȭ󽻳Ǳǲ
ȭ
󺺵Ļȫ󺺱һ飬󺺿ŵƨתͷܡ
ֱڣףһʵһ壬֮ǰ飬ȫǰ󺺸ģΪľȭɭֵػ
þе벻ͨǣΪʲôԷΪʥ𣬿ǾȻǰ鷳ôֻ˵һ㣬󺺻֪Ѿͻ֮顣
Ҫ֪ʮʥʮ֮䣬ȫͬĸһֻҪɱһֻʥֱͺһֻô򵥡
֪Ѿﵽʮ֮ô˼ֱԿ϶󺺾Բ׽ɭ֡
뵽ﶼ¶һ˿ЦǲҪ𣿺ãңʱ򿴿ô޵ġ
뵽ɭֵĴʥҲû˿ֱ˵ҪˣôҪɭֵ˾סĵط
ߣҸǣҪˣκεĻҪƭɭΡ
󺺼ʵʯʲôط
֪
û˿ԥʥȫش֪Ϊ֮Կ½겻ȫΪȭԵʡ
ҪõȭĹؼֻһ취Ψһһ취Ǿʯ²˭ܹԽ࣬ôպĳɾԽ
Ծ˻ȷʯǰľȡߵĻʧȥʯ£廹ãϾȭֻܿԼȥԸ
ûеʥ߽˵ֻ꣬һ˲֣һƺݺݵϵϣָӡ˲ӡϡ
ֻһƣһξҪһΣʯʲôط˵ӦÿԲµĳ
ϻָӡ϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫϵƣȻ䱬һɿֲϢ
ҪԱǰԱĻᶼûУʡʡɡ
˵֮󣬲֪ȡʲôֱӳϻȥʱһ͵˲佫֣Ĵ׼Աϡ
ɹʥصˣ
ϵɫʱ䣬ʣµİҲһӣϾû뵽ǣվǰľ󺺣Ȼʥصˡ
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ҿǾŸӦµ


530 תʵ
ҿǾŸӦµ
ʱȵľ֮һ翵ֵͬʱ󺺵ɫˣɭֵľŴʥɫҲˡ
Ϊϣÿһܹĸܵ˵ʵжôǿ󣬾ÿһ˵Ϊȫﵽʥ֮뷢Ƚϣֱͬն
ܹʥеǿߣÿһﶼ˵ΪѾﵽ֮һǺǿ֡
䣬ʮ˵ǰȻһ꣬һȥʮ꣬һͷ׷ƮɢڱһڵĺĿš
°׷ôվȵľ֮ϣĮ˿Ŀŵµʮˣ˵ǾŸҪµ
ȻܲԸţһʮ궼꣬ȻһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣʵѾǰɵǲš
ʥ֮Ĳ࣬ÿһﶼ˵һҪǣֱһ׾ٵ顣
󺺹ĳž֮ϵ֪ǰԺδǰҪǵ飬պл
Ժδƨ£ڹܲǵ飬ҿԸǣǵ飬ҹܶˡ
Ļ󺺵ɫ˲ת䣬ȻԷһΪﵽ֮޵ǿߣǲô˵Ǿ˶ʥء
ʥʲôطǿȫ½ǿĴڣǿƣ񼶱ǿҲȱԶԾ֮ϵ꣬󺺿ɲҶǳ֡
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ǰǾʥأʥ֮ǰ£ԻǰҪµĺãʡĵʱǻѱ
ввߴ½ϵκһˣʥȻвһ񣬿´˭Ҳš
ľ󺺾͸ңͨľʥôٸһҲȥвһ񼶱޵ǿߡ
ڵľȴͨľʥΪǾ˱ǿ㹻ģ֪Ҳκεĵǡ
ϧҲͨˣǸһ֮Դµһţɱڶǿߣһ˼֮Ҷ졣
Ҷ챾һֱʯ²ȭ֪ΪʲôҶ콫Լһ˿֮뵽ʯ󣬾ͺԼļһ㡣
ָоֱ̫ˣһ׺棬ǿȭ˲뵽Ժ֮ڣֻǲϰСʱʱ䣬Ѿȫȭ˾
Ҷ켴ؾʱȻʶҶ죬м㣬ӦңҿԴӦ㣬պʲôѣ嶼ΪһΡ
ڲȭҶ죬Ȼ֮䱻˴ϣֱйҪץĳ嶯ϾǴʱҶޱţܹ֮ͻƵؾ
ȭһΪ󾳽磬ֱ˾ؾ쾳ʥ񾳽磬ַΪСȼֱӦߵʵ֡
ҶڵΪѾﵽһ֮Ҳ൱λ쾳ǿߣҶģ֮ڵؾسɣʮ֮ڣԴﵽλ쾳
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ƺûзϣ˵˾ŸϣҪȥǣӦòᷴ԰ɣ
ĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻʵǰʵѵҪҵ𣿡
Ҷʵ벻ͨԼֻǸոմﵽ֮ʻԣʥ֮ϵǿߣôֻתܵķݡ
˵Ϊﵽʥ֮
ҶıݺݵĴһ£ʥǿߣԼȥ»ûü˵Ѿʥɱˡ
ƺѾ룬˵һЩԭ֣ܳԱ𡣡
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һ㾡ܷģΪﵽ֮󣬱Խʵʱת޵ϣȻʱ̣ܶǶԸʥѾ㹻ˡ
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531 ʥ
ĻҶҲûκεĳɣֺĻôɵĴɵˡ
Լȫʵֱӹ䵽ҶڣҶŻἰʱȵľ֮ϣҪȻŴʥѱ󺺻ɱˡ
˵ԼʱҶɫ¶һ˿ȣ˴󺺻Ϊ걻ʥصͷ׻סˡ
ΪȻѾﵽ֮ȫʸʥأҿ¹һΣ
ϵı飬ҲӸտʼǰֱӱ㣬ȻֻǸĶһ³ƺҲ˵һ⣬Ǿʥص˵жôİ
˵Ϊֻʥ𣬶Ҿ֮ϵҶ죬ʱΪﵽ֮֮ݼֱʮǧ
Ǿ󺺾ΪʥأҪȱ˸һȣһǿΣʥǰС
ǱˣҶ죬˵ĿƾǱ»⣬ɹһ
ǾƫƫҶ죬һսҶѾʥصʹߣƳ֮⣬ֻɱʥصλʹߡ
˲֪ǼĪΪҶ֪Լɱʹߵ飬ᱻʥ֪
ʱԿ϶Ϊ˹ȫʥصӣʥһɳǿ̤߳ƽƳǣҽɱ
ȲҪ˵ҶѾӦ󣬾ûҲ׼֣Ϊնݲ紵ĵ
ҶˣҪøոȭɱˣҶȻ֣ΪѾʱﵽ֮ȴ޷˾ȭɱʥ
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ΪҶ֪ȻڵΪﵽ֮ȴʱģϾıΪֻǸոմﵽ֮
ԳʱҶ׼ȫͶһ֮Уʵȥȫһ޷ͻΪôպٴνһ޷ĺô
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ҸϿ뿪
ʵ벻ףѾ˵ԼݣǾ֮ϵƺںһ㣬Ȼǳ֡
ʥΪ½ǿĴڣǣǧ½ϵһɣ˭Ҳ޷֮ı䡣
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ʥȻ½۷Ĵڣȴ۷ڵĶˣҪɱǣǾֵĻᶼûС
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ΪҶ쿴ԼΪѾﵽ֮ۿܶ˵û˿ôƳʵʵ㡣
ڻɱʥصľʥѪɷܣҶţֻҪƳɹžΪﵽʥĿܣôպ֮£˭Ķ֡
뵽Ҷ˵ļƺѾžʥƳһ㣬û˿ĳɣҶֱӽžʥʬջصսڣȻʧȵľ֮ϡ
صʯǰҶ췢ԼΪٴνص֮ѾԼʵȫջˡ
Ҷȴû˿ƣ˷ܲѣϾõ˾žʥʬ壬ƣôͿƽ׵õʥǿߡ
ҶţֻҪƳɾžܣôʥҲԿ׽ɱǿܵĿ֮
ΪܻһֲͨǾÿһ߿ܣǴһ֮ǽ䳹״ãɱƿܵˣһȥ
һ뵽ҶйҪƿܵĳ嶯Ȼǽɳ嶯ѹΪҪǣȽȭͨȡѴﵽλ쾳


532 ֮
Ҷٴνȭ⾳֮Уתۼȭĵڶ󾳽ؾҲҶȫ׵ͨ
Ҳ˵׿Ҷ챾֮ʵôֻʱ䣬ҶѾﵽλؾҲ൱֮
Ҷ챾ŻһͻƵ쾳ʱȴٴνӲȭ⾳֮˳
ҶȴûκεĸеŭΪȻ˴ʯصȭ󾳽磬ҲѾи
Ҷ㲻ʯ²ȭֻҪʱ䣬ͬὫȭƻﵽȭ߾񾳡
ҶֻͬҪ뿪ʯ²ȭĻᣬôܹٴͻƣʱϾͻϺܾá
һ׹ҶӰʱʧʯ£ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ӱٴγǰ
ллǰĳ֣Ϊرպ󲻹㷢ʲô飬ʥΪУ嶼һΡ
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ǰĻ͵ĵ˵ͷ˵Щ˽Ҫ죬ԾͲˣֻϣǵĵ֮Լ
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ҶһжͼˣȻʯ²ȭôΪر֮Լػꡣ
ȻѾȭ󾳽ĹҪ׽ɣûǧʱ޷Ҳȭӵһ󾳽˾ʼ񾳵ȫĵãϣá
ǰߵĻҶʱһϲô˵ǰ߶һʵǿߣߵĵһޱȡ
˲ȭ󾳽ĹټȭĵãҶĽԼͨȭʱһϡ
ҶҪȭԼԽСˮ֮ͷųǰʱ䣬ҲҪϵʱﵽλ쾳
Ҳ˵ҪСˮ֮ͷųҪȰʱ䣬ʱʵ̫ˣԸȣҲܵȡ
ϾСˮΪűУܾ콫Сˮ֮ͷųÿһԼ֮С
ǰһ󣬻ǰޱҡ
ƺѲ³ֻҡҡͷĮ˵Լµ򣬱Լȥ

֪ΪʲôҶֵʱ˵嶼΢Ĳһ£ƺԺ֮жһ˿ʲôȴץס
ݵһ˿ʹһֱ޷ͻƵľ磬Ȼˮһ㣬һ֮˿û谭˶֮
ҪסΪﵽ֮Ժÿһ綼ޱȵѣҲôűһһϡ
ûε˲ȻҶԼҲܹﵽ֮ȴû֮죬Ͼ֮һ֮Ҳû˶೤ʱ䡣
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Ҳһ̣ڳ׵ķһʮ꣬ΪѾﵽһ֮ǿ˲ʼֱԳ֮Ϊ
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˫ۣҶһ˿Цݣǰ߹һ˵лǰ֮
лңҲû뵽Ȼܹ򣬲Ҹղ˵֮סպҪﵽߵľ硭
ĻȻû˵꣬Ҷܹ˼˶ߵһ˿мҶͬ˺øС
ǰУȴ֮ܽ壬ǰ£ҿԱ֤֮һͻء
Ҷ飬û˿ĸеȣƺһȻ飬˵Ե˵֮Ȼõ飬ôˣ˵պ㣬ˣڿ뿪ˣһҪһ¡
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ǰֵһ֪̿ʥرضźĶԹҪ㣬ҪԼжԿʥصʵͱص񺣣𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ֱӽսתǰߣ˵߲֮ż˵֪㻹Ǿһ˽񺣣ѣֻҪڰ֮ѱˡ
Ȼ߻е˼Ҷ߲ẦȻôӦþһ˽񺣣ϾʥصĹϵѾһˮݵĵزһ»ɱʥؾʥ


533 ػ
ٴθлһǰߣҶٵ뿪壬֮ʱϳ˾֮ɫ
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΢΢һ̾ǰʬף֪ΪʲôҶȻһ˿֮飬ϾǰļʬȫΪ
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ʱҶƺˣغҲ죬˭ұʥΣɽôǵţһ죬һΪԼĸۡ
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ˣһ񣬲ô֪ͨеӣպˣζҪҴڿʼҶΪػϡ
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һƬ֮У۶ɫЩѿһʯϣһõѾɱӴ֮Ҫһˡ
۶ϲԲĴʥһ£ɭڣֻһѡ
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ûе˵꣬ҶߺȻŮʥΪҶƾʵǰʥĶ֡
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ǰȻʥʥʵҪߣʥֶԷû˿Ŀܡ
պ󲻻鷳ʲôҾ˵
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ȻԼæɫ䣬ϾһֻΪﵽʮ޵ޣȻԷʥڣҪɱʥˣֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ҷ첢û˵ɫȴ𽥵ȴʱһֱûп˵ĻȴͻȻ˵үĻظڶ飬Ҫǳ֡
Ȼ֪ʲôطһȴΡ
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˳ɭ֣Ȼ֣ÿ궼ټһΣʮ꣬Ѿûһټˡ
˼ǣѾ뿪ɭ֣
Ҳȷǰ˾ŲʮҲԭ֪Ѿȫ㣬ǲǿ뿪ˡ
ߡҶʥ뿪֮ǰȻһ꣬һ༫Ϊ޵ꡣ


534 Ҳ뿪
ˣ˵𣿡
ĵ˵ͷޱȶ˵ĺܲ׵֮Ѿһˣ꣬ˡ
ĻɫʱһϲȴǱʹ쳣Ϊ֪׵֮䵽ǰУעˡ
²Ҫκˣ뿪ˡ
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Ӱ˲ʧԭأѾʧ꣬ɫޱȵѿҪ뿪ɭˡ
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үǴӴ֮ڸܲκεϢѾ뿪ɭ֡
ĵ˵ͷĸ֪Ҷû˿ĻɣϾԴΪﵽʥ֮󣬱ӵһܹв⵽κ޵ͨ
ԷһҶͬţҲܹܵϢھȻһ˿Ϣܲô˵϶ˡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôҶָоû뿪ɭ֣һֱɭֵĳһ
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뵽ҶɫʱޱΪ뵽һܣ룬ô˱ʲôΣա
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𽣬йԹ𣿡
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ȻҪıѪö룬Ҷ춼ܹ뵽ʲôĻ䣬ɫ˲ת䡣
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ȻˣֲϢֱӽǰ֣Ҷµһûոսɭ֣սһս
ȻʵǿޱȣȭҲͬСɣȫһƴֱǰһܾ˵Ľ
һս֮˶Ԫˣ˴һЭ飬ûȫԭ£˫ڿս
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Ҷȴ֪ڵʵûȫָڵʵҪɱԼʥҲֱ´ࡣ
Ҷû˿ĳɣʥٵ뿪ǻȴ˵ʲôҲߣֱ˵ү뿪󡣡
У뿪
ڵ˽ͷҶ޲ȥһţһĻһɫȻᶨĿǰ꣬Ҷ˵Ҳߣү뿪
Ҷƺ˵ʲôȴ֣߶ʮһֱӳԶȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿ׵ʧԭء


535 һ֮
𽣬ѵ㲻֪ԻʵĶ𣿡
Ѿ뿪֮⣬ҶЩ˵ʵ벻ͨƽʱȽᣬΪʲôһᶪ»ﲻܡ
ү㲻ǲ׻ôġ
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𽣬ǻȥ
ү
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û˵Ļû˿Ļᣬɾʱɫʱ䣬ЩֵغүϿ뿪Ҫʹˡ

֣ҶɫҲʱһ䣬Ϊ֪֮ԱΪ֮еİΪӵһ޵ͨ
˵ƾͨɹǿߣ񼶱ǿҲԵʹʱҶˡ
ʱȻ佫סе˵үڵûȫָƣҲǰôϿ뿪˵ֵס
С
û˿ĳɣҶֱӾܾɫᶨٴ˵үٳɣ˭Ҳ뿪ġ
ǡ
ûеҶѻ˵꣬˵үİɣֵĻʹһбռͨʱ׵пռ䣬ֻһʱ䣬үֻҪһ֮ǳȥˡ
ҶҲû˿ĳɣʵҲ֪˵֮һ㶼ûдȫĻʱ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
һʱ䣬ҶȫŵʱԴﵽ֮ʱֻҪѣ˵ٽһֱӴﵽʥ֮
Ϊﵽʥ֮ƾŲһҶĿһսʱԽȳȥ뵽Ҷ첻κεĶֱչ޲Զȥ
ȵҶ쳹뿪֮𽳯ž֮ϵĻʹү뿪˵
Ļû˿ĳɣֱʧԭأߣʥֱͣʹͨ
ʥ϶ʱɿֲϢֱ˰֮еĿռ䣬ͨ񶼱ӲĴϡ
û˵Ļʥʹܴͨͨ񣬲ôǡ͡
׼뿪ʱ򣬷Բ׵пռ˲䱻̣֮ڵпռȫһ֡
ڣȫ˱֮ڣֽ߳ǿдƣֻܵȵһ֮
ǰڵпռ䱻⣬ҶеֻɱݺᣬҲһ̣Ѿ׼Ҫһˡ
һ֮һٴλģǵҡ˵֮Ҷ쳯Զȥһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ׵뿪ɭ֡
ڸ֮ǰҶ컹һҪǾǸǻɭ֣ҵӶţõСˮĻػݡ
ǻɭɭһ޵ĵ̣ǻɭڲɭһ㣬ǿ
ǻɭȻ޵£еʵձƫͣǻɭڣ䣬ǻɭÿһӶţһӶŻ߼ӶԸ̽ĵط
ǻɭڣŴССӶÿһӶŶڲϵѰҪõĶһʱڣǻɭڳһΪսӶš
սӶŸոսǻɭ֣㿪ʼӶţ۵ȼʼҵĹһЩ߼Ӷš
ַŭ飬Ӷֽˣû뵽ǣôϮսӶţĽȴǣսӶûһ䣬۽
˵սӶ֮һʮˣԳΪʮФÿһ˵ΪȻֻǸոմﵽ֮ʮȴӶͼ֮ڵǿ߷ս
ʮֻרһϮӶŵһЩߣֻҪǿ֣߳ʮ˾Իڵһʱ֮󼪣Ҳ˸еץ


536 
ֻ첻ʱ䣬ҶѾǻɭڣûзѶҵӶŵڵأϾ⼸սӶŵʵ̫ˡ
ݼү
ǰȻֵĺ°׷꣬ʮ˹ô˵ʮܹӵнʵλȫǿǰꡣ
ҽ
һյϯضҶֱӿͷʵǰʮ˵ΪȻȫﵽ֮ĵ˵ͷ
ֻҪΪܹﵽ֮Ҳν֮ôҶ˴ڸʮʮФ⣬ԽԼĲ񷽣ڸʮˡ
ʮ˽ȫǰ꣬аɱ˺üӶŵˣһ߼ӶڵĳԱ
ЩҶû˿⶯Ͼ߼ӶţʵΪǿߣҲֻΪﵽ֮ˡ
𣬾ǼʮҶҲ˲佫ȫɱʵ֮Ĳ࣬һԽĺ蹵
ùˣǿ֪ǻɭ֮УһΪµ߼Ӷ𣿡
ү֪ǸӶŵʵ㲻ų½һΪﵽ֮ߣΪ˻䡣
ӶѾˣ
ǵүһǰ֮еõһʯȴĸӶΧҪӶųֽȣѾүˡ
ʯ
ʯҶһ֪ӶΧʯӦòʲôƷ
ƺǰеɻʮ֮еһЩףֻһҵӣӻȡһɫʯͷ˹ȥ
ʯʲôã
ү˵ʯؾ졣
죿
죬Ҷ͸ɻˣʱ۽ĲߣҶڻģ½ϱȽĵطѾ֪ˣ֪죬˵û˵
Ǹʲôط
үǰ֮˵½һһĵطǿߴڡ
ν죿
ǵģү
ʮ˵ĻرҶʱеһֵ;˵СϢţҪطܴӱĵط
û϶˵ʲôҶʵʯʲôã
֪үͨ˵ʯ̲ŴʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ɽϵϹ뿪̤ƽǡ
Ҷٴ׼ʵʱڵɽ£Ȼһŭĺ֮г˱֮飬ƺɽϵѾΪϵ⣬Ǵá
ʲôˣ
ҶɻĿǰʮˣ֪ʮǵ˭ղӼ˵ү˵ˣǼǰҪʯˡ
Ӷţ
ӵ˵ͷɫЩε˵ǰӶţڣĻӶһ˰֣Һпһ߼Ӷš
տʼʮ˽뵽ǻɭ֣Ӷų߼Ӷ⣬еӶ˵ʮ齨ӶžȻﵽ߼ÿһ˶ǹмӡ
ʱĲƣǵ֪νӶֻͽʱ˺޲ý䳹Ĩɱ
ⲻССӶţҪǷǰҪ˵ӶţȥԸһļӶţҲǵĵ
ڣССӶţȻһӶţҪӶų棬˵Ӷѳ֣ȵ졣
ΪǿʯΪĨɱνӶţӶһӶģͬһ߼Ӷ
ǰ쳣ˣӶų½һΪﵽ֮ǿߣҪֿջ
Ϊ֪ӶţȴһͬȼӶţô˵ΪһͽӶţȥһʵǿ߼ӶţԸ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
ǲ֪Ϊʲô½һֺĸоǾսӶţϿô򵥡
ϾܹõӶŵĻ£ʮ־ȻܹԽɱˣһж˵սӶűһ֧֡
ǳ½ȴӶȥģô˵ӶŲһ˵ģʲô飬Ҫ뵽ľӶŵ棬΢΢һ̾½ֻĿΪԼȴܳ


537 ôĿ
ԴϴαӶƻ˺֮ӶŵųԽԽ󻨸߼һͬ߼Ӷų֡
Ӷſǵʱջѡ˳Ĭûһ߼ӶŵıӻӶŶѰ಻סˡ
ɽͷ֮û˿ĶӶųɫһ䣬Ķߵһλ˵ǰ֡
ֻǲͷĵ˵ͷҪΪǰ͸Ķʵ̫ҪϾӶͺֻࡣ
߼Ӷų׼ֵʱ򣬴ɽͷȻʮˣǸոɽҶʮФ
ʮ˴ɽ󲿷˵ɫеֻһ˿ߺޣΪʮҲ֪ǲǳԴҩˣƾʵȻϵ͵ϮӶŵԱ
ǾŵսӶţ
ױӶţһ߼ӶţųףһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣ»ۣ߼Ӷ֮ڣҲǿŽǰˡ
ӶױӶȻ½ʵױʵ࣬ӶΪﵽۼǿߣȴֻ
ȻֻһۼԱеĲ໹ǺԵģԳ½ѡ˷սӶţױӶΪС
ǰʮˣ׸ܵʮ˵ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮ϲмɫԽŨ
֮ȽϣͺһֻһСӵôһʮ󺺵ȡ
Ե׿ʮ˶ʵ˶ֱӵɫΪǼǸ֡
ܿ죬ʮФѾǰֱӿʵ֪λǽкιɣ
ڸոգҶ콫ʮǰȫպʮ˷ֱʮФΪ֣ʮҲû˿ԥӦ
ǰӵĻش˲ܶսӶûзߺ޵ˣȫʱ˴ĴָϾһȻҶһ˵˵ȥҲŵġ
ߣǰ㻹˷Сĵʱ֮ء
˵Ӷŵų֮һΪֻǸոմﵽʦ֮ͬûнʮϡ
ߣڹ˵ôҪǣҪϵʯ𣿺ãھ͸ǡ
ҶķԸֱԼһõʯʧ˵˳ֻǸո£֮ܶӶŶʼɧ
ûɧҵӶţԱӶŵĻҲʱһǿ̰֮ɫ޲ھȥԷʯһ㡣
Ҳ˿⣬Է˵ԼϾȻʯʱʱȴߵ˵ǲ˵֮𣿡
ǰ󺺵Ļųʱһ䣬亹ֱ΢˵ǰϳ֣Ǽ֮⣬ʯҲ˫ַϡ
˲ٴʯ⣬ĵ˵ͷ¿ɺųν˷۱
ϽʯҿԱ֤ʮ˭Ҳ
ǰ
׵Ļд󾪣ʮˣǿɾˣΣ˶Ѿã㵽ʱױֵĻҲֽʮ˳׻ɱ
ȴûˣЩ̰ǰʮˣΪһʯļֵҪԶԶӶŵļֵ
ǰϵı飬ʱЦһ˵뵽õʯӦһ飬ͬھҲὫʯ㡣
˵
ɱߵˣʯġ
ǰʮ˵Ļ׵ʱޱȻںʦӶţԼһĻɱˣôպױӶҲûȥˡ
С
뵽׸û˿ԥּ˵Ϊּۻ۵ʸ𣿡
ΪʲôûУ
Уʲôʸּۻۣ
ʯ
ʯҾͽȫɱȻʯʱ򿴿˻ôּۻۡ
ºôĿ
׵Ļû˵꣬ʱɽϴһ޵һӰʱ˵֮ڡ
һȫźµ꣬ͷİ׷ڱеֻһ˿˿⣬һĴɽ
°׷;ԲᳬʮͷȴȰˣһ̣˵ӡôĹ죬һ˵ظУƺһε֣ȫһ㡣


538 
Ǻˣ
Ѿǰĺ°׷꣬д󾪣Ϊֵķ֣ʵȻ޷͸ǰʵΪ
һ֣ʵλðε߼Ӷų亹䱼Լ룬ϾҲ̫˼ˡ
ǰ꣬׻ȷ;Բᳬʮ꣬һʮҲš
뵽սӶŵĵȼѾܹ³ǰ꣬ΪѾﵽ֮һ뵽ʮۣױľͱݺݵĴʹһ¡
Ѿ첻ôȡʯ֮⣬һҪ뽫ǰɱʡĵʱնݲ紵
ԭսӶŵų
ûеҶ˵ٴ˵Ļڳ϶ͬ¶һ˿ȣϾʵ̫
׵Ļڳ֮Уûһ˱ʾκεĻɣϾҪһӶţųҪﵽ֮
ǰʮ˶˹ɵҲܹ³ʵݣ˶СС;ܹﵽ֮һ˿̾
Ҷشǰ󺺵Ļƺûн󺺷һ㣬ֻǶԼµʮ˵ʯҡ
֪ǲǹģҶ֮ǰѾõʯȴںҪӻȡһɫʯͷĽǰС
õʯҶſǰˣƺҲһ㣬˵Ҫʯ
ô
¶һ˿֮ɫʵ벻ףһΪֻǸոմﵽ֮꣬Ϊʲô˶˵
ҶȴʱЦЦ֮г˳֮ɫƺЦױƽڳȫЦ˽ȥ
¿ɲһ˸еЩŭսӶŵӶţһҲЩŭˡ
Цʲô
Щ˵ҪЩ˼ǰ꣬˵ѳ֣ڼɵʲô׾ԼҲ˵
֪ΪʲôǸоǰ꣬һֿ͸ظУ׾Ȼָоǰ꽻ֵĻĻ
ݺһԼһֱڸԼԷֻһΪﵽ֮Сӣôȡ
ɾڣҶȻֹͣ˴ЦЩ˵ȻҪеʯôʲôбǿһϡ
ҶԾ֮أֱӽڳȫŭ½ɫҲǱޱ
Ҷƺû˵ɫֱӽʯջأ˲䱬һɾ˵ɱϢȴǸոմﵽ֮Ϣ
տʼܵϸܵһɿֲɱ˵ɫʱ䣬ǵ˸ܵȷһ۵ʱ˵ȴ¶һ˿ġ
һ۾Ȼһ£һеˣ֪ǲӽˮԼʵġ
ǲô˵ŭˣʵͨ죬ҲֻۼҪ뿪½׶༪ˡ
ȥԸʮˣ֪ߵغСӾͽҡ
ǰģһὫʮ˻ɱ
˵֮ʦ˲䳯ǰԶʮȥʱҶʮ˵𣿡
С
û˿ԥʮͬʱشʱ򣬸ոջֻΪﵽ֮ʮˣȻʵȫǡ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ʮ˵Ϊոջ֮Ȼȫǵ۷ֻ֮һߣͿͻƵʦ֮
ʮ˵ʵȻǣֱͳʦ¶һ˿֣ʮֻ֮ȫаսɱ
ʮ˵ΪȻһȫǣʮΪﵽ۷ߣʮ˻һ󷨣ǿֲ
һ̣ﶼһ˿⣬ǻûеˣȻһɸӿֲϢ˲ûͷҲ֪Ϣ˭ġ
΢΢һݣѾǼϲò״̬֪޷ȡʤ£Ȼʮȥ
Ҷ컹ףֶûжΪҪԼΣȵʦʮФֳʤʱҲǶ˳ֵһ̡
ʮФʱʮλվãϱԲͬϢϸ۲죬ͻ֣ᷢʮϱϢȫʮͬ޵Ϣ
ʮͬ޷ֱţáߡ򡢺ʮФ֮еʮޡ


539 ɱ
ɽϵʱҶ콫ԼʣµһСڵıѪȫ̯ʮ˵ϣʹʮ˵Ϊ˲
ʮ˵Ϊԭ֮ʮ֮һıѪΪǣҪҶǿѹÿһ˵Ǳ˵ʮѱ
СڽԼıѪʮΣҶֻȥ˾ŵΣʣµһһֱţΪ˸ʮФá
Ҷ֪¹˶ãʮ˵ΪٴȵԼ񷽣ڸʮˣôٴγʮߡ
ʮФ˲ɣʱʦҲʮФ֮УʱʦһǸеޱȵ顣
˸ոս֮УռȻ任ֻһգ۵˲䣬ʮֻ಻һ޳ǰ
ʦ˲俴һۣѾϳȻǰʮֻޣФ֮еʮޣÿһֻɢϢҪǿࡣ
ǰҡ
û˿ĳɣʦΨһϣȫߵױϣΪֻҪױԸ֣Ǿͻû¡
һζ벻׸ûκδֵ˼ֻۿǰ󷨣˵ĴСС
ϲĹ˳ȥ֮һʬΣ
ûе֮е꣬һҵĽʱ쳹ʣ˶ÿһϵı鶼ЩȻ
Ȼ˵ΪֻǸոմﵽʦ֮ﶼ֪ʦҪɱʮ飬ʮͣҲһɲˡ
ʵˣԴʦ뵽֮˵Ӱʱʧ˵֮Уûӣ㴫ҵĺ
ûж೤ʱ䣬˵ʧؼ䣬￩һ£Ϊ֪ʦѾʮ鳹׻ɱˡ
ʮ˵ΪǣҶ֮⣬˸֪һ̣˿ٴγֵʮˣÿһ˵϶һ˿ɵ
ǻЩͣǲҪΪǣ֪ʲôˣ졣
˵֮ϺȻ䱬һǿϢֱӳǰʮȥһɴɫâ֮˲
˳ɫâ֮˵׵ΪѾﵽ֮Ҫ˵Ӷ֮УһЩڣҲǿˡ
׽Ҷ죬һĴڣԲʮʱ⣬Ѿ˶ܹ֮նʥĳɱħ
Ҷû˿ı飬ֻǻ̧Լ֣Լ󺺵һָ˾ֵ֮У׵Ȼԭء
ʹ򡣡

֪˭һ䣬һ£˳׵Ļ̿Ϊÿһﶼףһͷų˴ʲô
ֻΪﵽ֮ſγԼԼ֮˾ף۵ĴڣҲԼ֮У˾Ǵ׵ĸ
ֻû뵽ǣǰʮ궼꣬ȻһΪѾﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
Ҵͷų˶ܹĸ֮ܵɢĿֲɱö£һɱ
ԼһĿռΪѾﵽ֮ףɫ˲䣬ֻһ˲䣬Ѿ֪Լʲôط
ûڵĵطһͷų򣬿˵ͨƿһ
Ҳһ̣ھֵķ֣ǰĺ꣬Ȼһ棬һһӵɱ¾ǿ档
ǰһᣬѾˣұǵġ
ûеװѻ˵꣬Ҷָֻĳǰնȥû˿Ҷһʥնɱ˵һ
ڻɱ֮Ҷɨڳˣޱƽʵڻ˭Ҫеʯܳ
ңңֻ·ѣǸ϶๼ǾͲǰˣһ
ǰҲ뿪ˡ
һĶڳ˻û֪ӽˮĵز׵߼ӶŵˣһȻı顣
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ոջм˵ĳ棬ߵ߰˰ˣ½ǰĺ°׷꣬΢΢һ̾
֪սӶſ϶һ㣬ԵʱŻǽΪ˹˼ױӶţȴûг֣ѩ̿


540 ˴
΢΢һ̾½к֪ղûгսӶţѾʧȥõʱڳȥҲڲ
Ӷŵų½
ڳ½׼뿪ʱҶպôŤͷǰĺ°׷꣬½ĸ˿Ĳʵǳ½֪ǰк飿
һ󣬲֪ӦӦ
ȻԼ½ʱһϲϾԷһʵǿߣ൱һ˼Ӷŵų
һ뵽˼Ӷţ½ľͱݺݵĴһ£Ϊ½ûгֹ˼֮ϵӶš
ȴû뵽ܹҿһ˼ӶţȻӶڵĵȼֻ߼ȴ޷ڸ֮ʵ
ǰκ龡ܷԸֻҪӶܹһǡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ֱӿʵ˵Ӷڣһػݣд£
ϲѵĳ½ǰ֮º϶ʱ¶һ˿֮飬ǽԼݺݵһ١
ӵɫҶ˲һһɲõԤжʱ֮ɴʵôѵûֻػݣ
ǰȷлػݣǰʮĻһύڡ
ʲô
Ѿػ˳ȥ
˭
ǰӾȻػ˳ȥҶҲݺݵץһ£Ϊ˵ֻػһֿҩݡ
˵ػݿҽ꣬һ˵ֱΪҪĶԿֻ֪ػݵļֵж
ǰһҡ
ʲôط
ǻĴ½ֻǧ·̣ǰӴ󣬸Ǵ½ϰ˴֮һܼҡ
˴ң
˴ңҶʱһָоǾǵǶ½˽̫٣һֱΪ¶ڱϵţħİ˴ΪףСŶɡ
ʱƼ˽⵽ʵ½ϣ˱ϵ⣬Žɽ֮磬񺣣ԼʥЩڱ
ǰ˵½ֳ˰˴ңԼոʮФ죬Ҷ첻֪½ϵ׻ж
˵˵˴ҵ顣
Ȼ½֪Ȼ֪½ϵİ˴ңȴ֪ʲôʣʲô벻ʡ
ǰ½һŰ˴ңֱԣܣƣ½ţţľ˴֮УܼҵΪǿ󣬶ҵΪС
ȵȣղ˵İ˴֮Уպƣ
ĵ˵ͷȻ½֪ǰΪʲôʣȻش˴֮Уұպơ
ȷԺҶ뵽ģǶܵıҲպ᲻ܵļ壬ǰ˴֮һҵԶַڣиԳƼҵˣ᲻Ҳǰ˴֮һ
˵
˴ңÿһʵǿǰ˴֮һܼң˵ܼҵļסһΪﵽʵĳǿߡ
ǿߣ
һʣҶϣеЩȵǣܼҵļȻһʼǿߡ
Ҫ֪µһڵţֻһΪﵽ֮ǿߣһļȴһʡ
Ȼ޷Ƚʵ˭ǿ˭ҶܼҵʵԼ˴ҵʵ򵥡
֪ܼʲôλã
֪
ûеҶ˵ʲô½˵ȴ֪ܼҵһأǰܹҵ⴦أ˵Ϳҵܼˡ
˵ǴܼҵĲʲôطĻػ˭
ҽػһܿˣͨ˵ܼܿҵĵϵӣӵʵܼҵһҵǧ֮޷һΪٱС
ĵ˵ͷ֪ЩҶûȥӻȡһСӣǰӣ˵һֻҪ㰴꣬ӦÿԴﵽ֮
Ҷ콫ս¼֮еһ׹͸½֮󣬱ʮФٵ뿪ǻɭ֣½еؼ˶˵ء
ֻҶ½û뵽ǣΪⱾؼ½ȴӴ˷˱仯պԼӶűɢһϵ׷ɱֻǱõⱾؼǳ½ôܽⱾؼˣһߵΪﵽʵϹҲһҪס


541 ֹ
ҶʮФûи޷򣬶ǳźɽȥΪںɽڣһҪȡ
Ҷ֮ȥɽһħҲ˵ֻҪõħڵĹ裬һߵΪ˲ǡ
ʱΪǺܸߣ޷ƿħõеĹ裬Ϊﵽ֮ڵҲѾȫںϡ
ҶţڵԼԴħõеĹ裬ħڵĹ裬ôʮФΪ˲䱩ǣСڵıѪ˭Ҳ֪ʮ˵Ϊᱩǵʲôز
ںɽֻҶһȴѾںˣΪʵڸҪ
үܲһ顣
һĵأսͰ͵Ŀǰĺ°׷꣬СڵĻҶҲһΪԴӵõСںûԼʲô
˵ɡ
ү˵ɽ֮סֻиֻΪﵽʮһ޻֮д£
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿˵ɽڵȷֻֻҲﵽʮһ޻֮ôֱ˵
Сɫʱһϲ漴˵үʱֻܲܰҡ
ã
ǵүܹõֻ֮ô˵ұͻһƿﵽʮʥ֮
˻ҶдϲϾʮһʮűϵСܹﵽʮʥ֮Ļôʱֶһλɽ
뵽Ҷû˿ԥֱӴӦİɣʱֻȫ㴦ãڸҿɽ
ڵ֪СܹͨʵҶûκεĳɣֱӴ˿ٵĳźɽȥ
ֻ˰ʱ䣬Ҷ˱˺ɽϿգɽҶС˵ȵһƿɽаպ𣿡
ֻһֵĻû˿İգȥһֻܹסеֻ
ãȻǰʱ֮֡
˵֮Ҷʱʧԭأħ⣬û˿Ϊﵽ֮ûκεõħ֮еĹ衣
ʮ˷ֱħ裬ȻҵһطЩҪ죬ȵǡ
ǣү
ʮҲû˿ĳɣү͸ǵħ뿪ˣʱҶٴγ˺ɽϿա
ȡ񽣣ΪΪ˾Ӷʹ˱ͨԼַӡɭڡ
һ̣ҶҪʹս񽣣Ҳܣֻʹ񽣣޾ɱ˲뵽е񽣡
е񽣣Ҷ첻˿ĳɣֱʹһĺɽݺݵնȥ޾Ŀֲɱ˲ɽÿһط
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һʱ쳹أֻһɲǵʱ䣬ոջĺɽ㱻Ҷһնϳ롣
˭ȻںɽҰ
ʱ򣬺ɽºȻɿֲϢǧɵĴ߳ھ֮ϡ
ոճֵߣǺɽޣֻΪﵽʮһ֮޻ԼһֻΪﵽʮ档
СڣҰԸеһֻʣµֻͽˡ
ĵ˵ͷСڳŵ˵үģֻ߾ͽˡ
˵֮һһ޷ֹҶѡԺСȴѡĸһʱ֮䣬ɽƶ
û˿ĳɣҶֱȡħӡǰӺݺݵȥӿȻԼĶʱ˵ɫˡ
ΪѾľȻħӡҲͬӵħӡ״ʲôǿǵ걻Ϊħ֮µһˣӡħʥĵһ
ֻһ˲䣬ӱֳ˱壬һǧɳĴߣʱھ֮ϣʱ򣬾޴ħӡҲݺݵӡ
ŭһħӡô˵һȻҶڵʵ޷ʹħӡҲܹ˺ˡ
ħӡݺݵһ»ģҶٴʹһѾ˵ĺնȥһɿֲɱֱ
㲻Ҫ̫ԩ޳ΪʲôԵ޹鷳ѵǸϼһĴˣ
Ŀֲʵһ̣׾ˣΪֵķ֣Լ޻ʵʵȻֲǰꡣ


542 ӡ
ںĻҶƺû˿ᣬٴʹ˲һֲɱٴνԷ֡
ҶĲһڲ£ܹһʥǿɱӲҪ˵һΪֻǴﵽʮ֮޻ˡ
ҺȲؼĳޣֲؼıޣֻǿӡħʥ˽Ϊ
ħӡݺһ£Ǳһն£ȻûбɱҲˡ
ʱСҲֻʰˣû˿ĳɣСֱӴֻصս֮ȥˡ
Сڵ˵ֻܹ֮ȫôͻƿﵽʮʥ֮ʱûˣʵǡ
Ҷȴһ֮ǰΪʵһҪҪǾǾȳӡӡħʥ
ȻӡħʥѾ䣬Ҷ֪ӡħʥ֮ӡط֮УֻҪ֮ȳȻҵһ壬õӡħʥؼա
ڻˡ
ʱط֮кȻһɣǱӡط֮еӡħʥƺλħʥ֪˻Լһ
Ҷ컯һ⣬˲뵽ǰط֮ڣʱ֮ãٴһȴ˷츲صı仯
ҶһɽʱΪ£Ҫ˵Ϊﵽʮһ޻ʵĺʮĺҲֻܵķݡ
񣬵ٴ̤ɽʱ򣬲ɹĻһֻΪѾﵽʮһ֮ĺȫСͻʥ֮
뵽ط֮ںҶҲû˿ԥֱԲ˵ҿӦ顣
˵
ǵ翵ĻӰҶ췢֣һ̵ӡħʥ֮ƺһ㣬¾һʦԽ
ƺǰеɻӡħʥƽ˵ʵѾǧˣֻһֱطڵǿ겻ɢô뾡취겻𣬿Ȼ޷ҵ첻Ҳౣһ겻ɢ
һ£
ʱ䣬Ҷ컹ΪԼľеңϾҪ񺣵ĻôƱһ֮ڸϲʱӡħʥɢ
ҸˣӦҵ£һ飬ػƳǰʱ䣬Σ
û⡣
ĵһ飬ӡħʥû˿ԥӦΪʱתۼţֻҪ˰꣬ôȻ֮
ڶ飬ħӡҪУΣ
Ҷĵڶ飬ӡħʥȻû˿ԥ˵ͷ˵Ȼû⣬ħӡұѾ㣬ûдҪﻹһӡֻӡħӡſԷӳ
ӡ
Ҷʱһϲһʹħӡʱ򣬾ѾħӡʼЩط̫һ
ʲôطһһֱ֪ԭ򣬺ħӡսʱ򣬲żȻ뵽һܣǾħӡǲǱһ׹С
ǰӡħʥĻҶԼ²ĹȻһûӡټħӡҶţҪ˵ʼĸ֣ʱʥǿߣԼҲһӡԷ
ʱҶȻоԼԺ֮жһ׹ӡħʥ˵ӡӡԽľˮΪħӡʹǿ
ֱһ̣ҶףΪʲôӡħʥħΪħ֮µһˣԭΪӡħʥӵ
˱˵Ҷû˿ΣΪ֪ǽѭģйȻԼӡħʥôԼõӡħʥʵΪ
ƺٴο룬ӡħʥ漴˵й͸ħӡҶ죬Ȱһ£ϣܹΪ֮
˵
֪ΪʲôԴӼӡħʥĵһҶиУиԼͶ֮ĸоһģһ
ʵҶӡħʥ뵱Լת֮սʸѣһ빲ѡ
Ҷ죬֪ûѣѵһ̣Ϊﵽ۷֮ҪһѣǱһԲѡսǿߣԴﵽͻƵ
Ҷ첢û˵ΪûѣԶڵսʵһ֪


543 Ĵ
Ҷ죬֪Ϊʲôһֱ֮ٳٲͻ𣿡
ҡҡͷǧ֮ǰսʣҶһ㶼֪ӡħʥ˵Ϊûнѡ
ѣҶһҶ֪ӡħʥ˵Ľѣһ뽣йء
һΪĴֱҶ֣ţĽݣҶȴĴ֮ףƹ֮ĵȨ
Ҷ֣ţĽݣĴҶ֪ԼԭڽĴ֮׵Ҷңе벻ͨսսҶ
ƺѲ³еɻӡħʥ֮˵ս죬ͽҶ죬ֻĳսˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶʵ˵ѣѵǽĴͬӵе𣿡
ǡ
ûеҶѻ꣬ӡħʥѾش˵ڽ񺣵һͨ˵֮УҲûһܹѡ
ˣȻһˣ
ʲôҲ˵ܹѵˣҲֻٲˣҶҲȻˣ񺣵˶ܹѵĻô֮󣬽񲻶ˡ
ĴÿһԼĽѣĴ֮еĽ֮УҶĽΪǿ󡣡
ӡ֪ĴֱĴ
ĴֱҶҵּҵ¾żҵĽݼӵľҶҵΪǿ󡣡
Ҷʱӻȡ񽣣˵񽣣ǽҶҵ񽣣
ӡħʥеʱ֮¶һ˿ȣû˿ĳɻشǣǽҶҵ񽣡
ȻˣҶ֪ҶʱѾ뵽Լе񽣰ٷ֮ǽ񺣵Ķ
Ҷʵ޷ͨǣȻǽ񺣵񽣣Ϊʲôڣҽ񺣾Ȼջء
ӡħʥ˵Ĵ֮Уܹѽĵӣȴ֮٣ȴ޷ѽһ֣ԴСͱ񺣵𡣡
ȵȣ㲻ܽѣҲڱɣϾ޷ѽ˺ܶࡣ
ԣ˵Ľ޷Ѳᱻ˿𣬶ȴɡ
Ϊʲô
ΪǽĴ֮ףҶμӣӦ˰ɡ
Ҷﲢû˿ľȣΪŵʱƽʥѾԼǽŵӡ
ӡȻҵ޷ѣѵͿԽ𣿡
Ҷʵ벻ͨǧ֮ǰս޷ѽ飬ôڵԼܹ𣬲ô˵Լ뵱ս춼һˡ
ӡħʥȴʱ˵Ҷ죬ҲΪ޷ԼĽ飬ͨôоڷ֣㲻ǲܾѽ飬Ľ˵Ĳһ
кβһ
Ϊҷ֣֮޷ѽԭΪڲߴһĴ顣
Ĵ飿
ԣһӵĴ飬ܹͬʱĴ飬Զ޷ѽ飬ҵĿܹ꣬ڵĴȻھ֮ôʱͻʥ֮ڻ¡
ˣ֮ұؽһˣϣ˵ܹԼĴ
ˣԿʼˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ콫ӡ֮ץ֣Ȼ뿪طҶ첢û뿪ɽΪ֣ӡħʥ֮Ѿˣ뿪ط֮ɢٶȻٴμӿ졣
Ҷ첻ðգҶսȡһʥ壬һսɱ˾Ŵʥһɹȡ˾Ŵʥ塣
ҶҪŴʥƳѪɷܣΪӡħʥòȡһʥ壬ӡħʥ
һʥ壬ҶܹӡħʥӡħʥΪָħʥҶû˿ĳɣʼΪӡħʥ׼
һһҹʱ䣬Ҷڽӡħʥ֮һʥ忪ʼںϣʱӡħʥڽʬںһ
ǰĴ󺺣Ҷĵ˵ͷƺԼĳɹ˵ϲѾ
Ҷ죬лո˵£һ˵ĵˡ
ҶҲû˿Ľ飬ֱ˵ҪİһԸš
û⣬֮ҲЩԹλᣬ˽ζԹ


544 
ӡħʥûҶһ޷򣬶ǿٵĳƳȥ֮ԼҪΪػƳǰꡣ
һһҹĲʮФΪҲױǣӸտʼ۷ֱ֮֮
Ҳ˵ڵʮФÿһ˵ΪѾﵽ֮ȻʮФ󷨣ڼǿߣҲԽɱ
ҶҲûںɽයϾҪ飬Ѿȫֻ꣬ʣµõػݣ̸ˡ
ȻҶ첻֪ӡħʥ˵ĵǲģȴ֪ôԼҪȥԡ
ʮ˿ٵĸ޷СڣǴս֮֮ȥˡ
޷򣬲۹κһ۹ǧ۹ȴûһҸҴ޷⣬۹룬ǲҡ
Ϊﶼ޷ɰ˴еҹͬƹܣÿ۹һǮ֮⣬޷˵ڴ
ͬ޷ңֱǰ˴֮еܼңң½ң޷򣬻Ͼʵۣ۹Ҳҡ
֮УܼҵΪǿܼ޷һΪٱУ¡¢޷ҵ
ɾҲκε飬ϾʵһУֻҪʵô죬Ҳ˳˵һ䡣
죬޷򴫳һϢ˵ٱеõһػݣڽڰٱڹ޷ˣƺˡ
Ϊٱ䴫ػĹЧصƣֻҪ»ػݣôͱ˲ָ
ٱ仹棬ͬٱһ㶼Ǯ򣬿ȴﻻ
ٱ˼ԣҪõػݿԣǮԣóӦı¿ɾѵ޷ˡ
޷һ⣬Ⱥǻڸ֮ǰݽеȴ޼֮ڣһʸ롣
Ϊܹˣ޲ǴԹݣΪǱĵطݵܼҵĲҵ֮һ޷İٱС
үǸô룿
֮⣬ʮ಻һˣǰĺ°׷꣬ʮ˼꣬ǸҶʮФ
Ҷֵҵǣڵ½ػܿܿûнػݴܼңֻǽػݷٱڣȴ
Ҷһ̸еЩƵǣҪٱڽһһǿȴһǡ
ʮФֱӴȥȻֱӽػȴҶֱӻؾˣȻԼһˣɾԲ顣
ͷ˼һᣬҶ˵ʮߵңһ˽ȥͿԡ
û˵꣬ҶӰ㳹׵ʧȺ֮Уʹ˵ռ䣬ԴΪﵽ֮ڵоȫںϣӶҶĵҲһС͵Ŀռ䡣
Ҳ˵ҶڵĵʵһС͵磬һͬƬ½һ磬ҶţֻҪԼ뵤ռڣô񼶱ǿߣҲҵ
ԼүȻʧǵǰʮФɫ¶һ˿ȣүͨҲȻˡ
ٴι˰ʱĴѾϣ뵽еˣܹҲ಻ᳬˣɾˣÿһ˵۶ǷͬСɡ
֮УǿߣҶҲ֮еʱ򣬾Ȼ֣֮ڣȻΪﵽ𼶱ǿߡ
𼶱ǿߣʲôҪ˵һСС޷ڣһЩţһҲԿһǿˡ
Ҷ췢֣Ϊﵽ𼶱ǿ߾Ȼֹһ֮ϣ֮⣬֮ڣۣڣĴڡ
Ҷʵ벻ͨǣֻһػݶѣȻ֮ǿߣˣʵǲǱˡ
ڻĵ۹ĵ۶ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ʲô𼶱ǿˣҪһߣ쳣ѣڣƺ𼶱ǿ߸ǺңһСС޷ڣ֮ࡣ
Ҷһλ£Ϊ뱩¶Լݣô˵֮һսŪ½֪Ҳѷȫн׷ɱԼֱԿ϶Լٱ¶޷ڵĻôʱ޷򽫻ᱻΧ


545 ֪
ȫԺǰ޴̨ϣһߣĺţ忴ȥƺһܹ䴵Ƶġ
̨֮ϣɤӣȻЩ˵лڰæ֮ٱ䣬ٶҡ
ߵĻ䣬Ӻ̨ٴһȫµ꣬꿴ȥֻжʮңü֮¶İɫ
ǰ˴֮ףܼҼܿԲʮͣﵽ֮˴Ϊһһˡ
ػǳ½ܿܿȴûнػݴܼңΪ䣬һ벻Ľ
ػݵĵӣҲýǮֱﻻֻҪ۵ģͿػݽ
ҶûпһۣһֱĶ̨֮ϵߣΪߴӳֵһҶѾ֣߾Ȼһ档
ȻߵΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮Ҷ֪СС޷ڣһǿߴʲô
Ҫ˵һСС޷򣬾һţҲӵһǿߣοһСС޷
ΣǳҶеĵһ뷨֪Ϊʲôһ̣ҶкȻһֲõԤУƺʲô鷢һ㡣
ôҪȵõػ˵
ﰵ뵽Ҷ̨֮ϵ˵лٱ䣬ǰٱٶңĻػݣҴӼ֮ȡ
޳ܡ
İ仰һ˵Ҷ죬Ȼһ޳ܣɴ˿ɼѾҶĺлᣬҶԲĴ
Ҳңػҵļ֮Ҳص㱣ǲǮʵﻻԭ򡣡
ٶң֪ﻻı׼ʲôأ
ܿĻû˵꣬µʵ¶һ˿º͵Цݣܿ˵˭óĶҵ⣬ôػݾ˭
ãȻٶңھͿʼɡ
ǻػݣʼҿȺ󱨳ԼıֻҪĻô
Ļո£ػҲڳָػֻһƬҶӣɫͺĢࡣ
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ҶҲʱ¶һ˿ȣΪ֣Ȼ̨֮϶ȥӰ֮УΪﵽ֮һˡ
Ҷ컹֣Ӱֵһ̣һֱץػݣܿϸû¶һ˿ľ֮ɫ

ʱһŭֻոջһҪߣȻһ̾һͷ˼ıӣ˲ӳһơ
ɾǵһƣոպ𣬾Ȼһ˲䱻ԭأֻܿв׵ľ룬ȴĺһ㣬ңɼ
˲䶨̨֮µʱһǵΪֻǸոմﵽ֮޷һΪ
ǵ˸̨֮ܵϺȻֵʱÿһѾסˣȻûκεĶΪﶼ֮Ĳൽж
棡
źȻԼϵ𳹵׵Ļ̿ˣǲôĹȻӲԼϵ
ڰٱҰֻ
ߵĻո£ֱӸո˲䱻ɱ֮ʧ֮ھĿ¡
ȻЩͨ˲֪ոȥʵΣﶼһ飬Ȼϻʵ϶򵥡
ɾôһ˲䣬һĿһ˲ɱˣ嶼û£Ҳ֪ȥʲôط
ҲؾţҪΪһ֪ļһƻõߣ½Լı
ܿǴ֮еĵӣֻһӵʱ䣬ٴֳȨƺڸոȥһ𣬸һ΢һ㡣
ûиоµҲûиоô˵βμӰٱˣ󲿷ֶһЩͨˣһƽŹˣʲôʱơ
ƺҲ֪ڵܿûżϼƷ裬ոջɱһߣٴλָɢ˭Ҳ󣬾һͷӣȻһ־ͻɱһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
ܿûнػջȥǰ̨ϣΪ˶֪ܿһžԵġ


546 ҹ
ܿȴˣƽʱ֪ٱһٳ֣Ǿ·ˡ
һΰٱȴһ첻µزµɱħҶµһڶҶӲҪ˵һССС
ҶӰʱʧԭأֻһգ۵ʱ䣬̨֮ϸոջڵĻػݣȴһӾͲӰ¿ܿ׵סˡ
˭ҹ
ǰտҲ̨һֱųǰλܼҴүһ̾Ȼ׵ıŭˡ
ܼΪ˴֮ףʵ֮ǿ߼ȫҲδظܼԣǰٱΪܼҵĲҵһ£˸Ұ
ոյõӣΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣȻһɱᣬӲҪ˵ˡ
ɾʱ򣬰ٱһ򣬾Ȼ˽ػݴˣǵƤӵ£˳ȥܼҵ顣
үؾţӦöΪĹܹǰ߻ػݣ˵ΪӦôﵽ֮
֮
һ뵽ո߸ԼΰٱȻΪﵽǿߣΪ򣬾ҲùԹԵĿš
ոҪػݣڲ֪¸ɵģ֪ĻǸһӣҲ̫ͷ϶
һΣ֪Լһ򣬾Ȼҳᣬ˵ʲôʵܿѾһֲõԤС
ǻͷ룬ʵͨ죬ò͵͵˾ʵǿҲ˵һΪﵽ߰ˡ
뵽ܿɫ˲ת䣬˵ڰٱһ⣬Ҷϣûһػػݵ£˭Ҳ뿪ٱһ
ƾʲôٱ䶪˶ҪǣΪԼ˭
ûе˰ѻ˵ֻ꣬һ˵˲䱻նΣ˵ȫ˳
Щƽʱû˵ĴٹˣʲôʱʶƣһŵĻʧɫ趼ʶˡ
ǰ֮ڳ˰֮ڣûһڸжҶѻصԭλá
ȻڵռԴΧƶڰ֮ƶֱһ׾ٵ顣
ռ䣬Ҫ˵һСС棬ڴˣҲᷢټҶ֮ûгᣬΪɱ¾
ȻҶ֪ɱ¾ѭµĹձлرҶҲϲɱ¾ֻЩʱ򱻱ƶѡ
߻̨ǰû˿˵Ҫǵ壬ϣҡ
ѲΪﵽǿߣ
ߵĻͨ˻ãΪЩǿʵһģΪ͵飬һͨϵĴڡ
ЩΪﵽڣ۵ǿǣоͲһˣҪ˵ڰٱڣһڣһҲõźĴ
ɾôһСС޷ڣȻҪѲ壬֮ȥ¶һš
ǰߵĻĴɫ˲ת䣬һʮӣ˵ǲЩ̫ˣ
֣ٱ䶪˶ǵʵһѵʲô𣿡
Цٱ䶪˶Թ˭ûа£ǣѵܼȫˣѵȫ᲻ɡ
ӵĻߵĶʱһΪܹﵽ֮һƽ֮˵һһ棬ϾܹöԷһ˿
ոջֻɱһ𣬿ɾ£ǰӾȻ˶ײܼڣѵʲôп
뵽߲ûг֣ʵ֪Ǻˣ
˵ҽɣŵĳϡ
ŵĳϣ
ӵݣҪ˵ˣ̨֮ϵܿɫҲ˲䣬ΪﶼŴʲô
ܼҵʵȻ󣬵µһȽ»ҪѷһȻܿĴսܼδؾţ֪δؾͿΪµһΪС
뵽ܿٴ¶һ˿Цݣٵ̨ǰǰ˵ԭɸ£¼ȻŵĳϣôһҰٱĶ
ǵȻ
Ȼɸ¾ͲѲˣô
ȻܿĻû˵꣬е˼Բˣŵĳϣ̨ǿӲԲѲ飬ȴûǿӲĺ̨Ѳ顣


547 °׷ɱħ
ɫ˲ޱôɵǰߣҲ裬޶ԡ
ƺûı飬ֱͷųԼ򣬽ǰȫ֣ʶ˲
һգ۵ʱ䣬ͷųѾջأߵҡҡͷ˼ԲˣǾûҵػݡ
ҡͷܿ϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݵ˵λǱǸղֻһᣬûˣλ£뿪ˡ
ǿ֮еŭûж˵ʲô뿪˰ٱ䣬Ҫ뿪ʱȴٱ˻
ո뿪ʱָŲԶҶ죬ЩֵغǸŵҶ죿
һɤӺģֱӽŵ̱ڵϣҪ֪ɲô˵һΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ˣٷ֮ʮ϶ͨˣɷֲԶ꣬ǵŴҶʱѹֱϡ
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ȻҲѾɱ¾ҶȴΪԼûɱһˣЩˣÿһ˶Ǹġ
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˵Լǰվ꣬Ȼǵһ֮ţɱǿߣ󻹻ɱŵʥǿߡ
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ߵĻҶƺûᣬӰٴʧԭأʱɵɫʱ䣬ѾѾ֪Ҫʲôˡ
Դӵһս֮ȫ˶Ѿ֪֮䣬Ӵ֮ǲݵľ档
Ѿ֪ԼŵĳϣΪǴﵽ֮ôʣҪɱľ
κεĳɣΨһҪǣܸʲô۶Ҫ뿪ϾԷŵʥԻɱӲҪ˵һССˡ
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ų벻ͨǣһսûж೤ʱ䣬Ȼֱ֮֮
Ϊֻ֮ʱ򣬾ܹɱһʥǿߣΪѾﵽ֮ʵ϶ǡ


548 Ӥ
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һҵĺʱ쳹֮ڣֱļᣬɵҲŻ˸ոջһǷߡ
һ̣Ѿȷǰĺ°׷꣬ȻһΪ൱ǿߣͷųҪǿ
κεֱͣӳȥҪ뿪ҲÿǷͬˣֻһ˲䣬ҶӰѾߵǰ
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ȻҶ쵱ʱ͵Ϯܹɱһʥǿߣһжôǿֻһ˲䣬߱㱻ҶĲһնΡ
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վڸĶˣҶ쿴ž֮ϵȺѾŭ죬Ϊ֮Уһˣո֮ġ
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֮Ը⽫һöӤóΪöӤ֮ڣȻûһ˿ȻãΪĸʵʵ㡣


549 ˻
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550 ˴ʥ
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551 
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ʵ벻ͨ굽˰취Ȼǰ˴ʥҲڵռڣҶɫЩصš
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΢΢һ̾ҶҲ֪ΪʲôԴھӡҿ鷳һֱϣЩ鷳ȴڳǿ֮ġ
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ǰѪɷܣҶԽԽϲ޲ھʹѪɷɱ޷Ȼ󽫰˴ȫĨɱ
ҶôΪʱ䲻Ҫǣȸ񺣽нѣȻٸɽѡ


553 ٽŵװ
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Ҷеһ˿ϲǣѪʦɷԼʦǣߵΪȫﵽħ֮
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ڴ֮ǰҶһֱԼļ֪н٣֪ΪʲôǸоԼ뼸֪֮䣬ʲôһ顣
˵ֻ֮ǽ棬֮仹һ˿Թǲ֪Ϊʲôȴһ˿ΣΪΣΪԼϲ
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Ȼʮˣӻǳ϶Щ̫ÿոʮˣѼӳᡣ
ѼӳᣬٻҰǰƽʱ˭Ҳ˭ǽȴѡһ¶⡣
Ѽӳ֮УһİٻȫŮԣٻһΪﵽ۷֮ǿߣҰǰİ֣˵ѱٻ
ȫ룬ǵҪô
ٻܴ󵨣ɫЩصĿǰˣֻҵĻǸöϻ
޷뵽ǣһ̵Ѽӳǳ׳ԴʲôҩȻϧΪУҲҪסҡ
ˣҲΪңֻҪްˣһ㣬˲ᷴ԰ɡ
Ҫ޶Ƿʹأ
ʱһֱûп˵Ĳ̸ʱڿ˵ˣ䣬ϺȻһɿֲϢֱӽȫڡ
ֲܵϢԼȫ֣ȫɫ䣬ǰٻֵغԪ֮ۡ
۶֣ȫˣ۴ʲô˼ÿһﶼû뵽ǣҵλ¹үȻһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
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559 棿
ֻһ˲䣬ʮȫɱҲδ⣬Ҳһ̣ڳȫɵˡ
ڳ˶û뵽ҵλ¹үʵȻ֮ǿϾѼӳǵΣÿһﶼ
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ʱҵľ֮ٴһϵ̸ʱɫ䣬̲סʵ֪λǰ٣
СѺòϷϲ㡣
Ż䣬֮ߣȫͷͷߣ˵мһߡ
̸ݼλǰ֪λǰմ
СѹȻ˼ϷԽҲԽϲˣϷа޳λǰ޼档
޳޼棿棿
Աڳʱһе̲סЦ˳һЦıҴСңѼӳǵһˣǵޡ
ףСЦǣ
Цߵɫ˲һ䣬ã̸ûüֹֻѾ޳ץס
ð޳еһ˿ȵǣץסŮȻû˿ľ֣侲ˣƺץ˸Լһ㡣
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޳Ҳû˿ֱӿ˵СӣϷ˳ۣҲ㣬תܹ֮ĻΪĻҪߡ
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˵̸жʱһΪҲ֪ת֮ʲôΪܹתɹˣǰΪǿ
ʵû뵽ԼӾȻһת֮ѹֽôԼӣ̸֪ܷʲô飬޶ʼնԼӡ
뵽̸ᶨ˵λǰ޶ǲת֮ȴֻ֪һ£Ǿǲôʱ޶ҵӡ
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ѪĻҪⳡν־磬Ҷȴ˵ʲôҲϣϾʱޣһհ飬Ϳһ񺣡
ֵܿȻֵʱ˵ɫʱ䣬Ϊ˷֣ǵʵȻ޷˵ʵΪ
˵ΪѾﵽ֮Ƕ޷͸˵Ϊôֻ˵һ⣬Ǿ˵ΪҪǸߡ
кݺݵһԼĿˮֵܸûκεĶֱӴ޳Զȥٶ֮죬ֱǳ뻯
˽ȴҶ죬һٶȸı̬޲ֱչû˿ĳɣҶֱȡ񽣣һ
ҶΪѾﵽ˶֮Ҫ˵𣬾ͬǿҶҲԿһУֱɱĵز
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˱ɵһ̣ѾҶߣûκεͣҶޣ˿ٵ뿪ҡ
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¶һ˿Уǲ̸ȴ֪ʵ˵Ķֻ֣Ŀ˽Ӵߡ
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560 
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ɵ࣬Ȼˣ͸ɡʱϽ̺Ц׷ȥ



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564 
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һ˻ҶʱеͷˣûٸκεķſֱϴʮӺҶѾ˴֮ϡ
˴ͬеĻкҵүҲֵܲ˫̥ĺϴξҶ꣬Ǻ
ĶŮˣϾöţǺ껹ʮ꣬ΪѾλ磬ﵽһǽʦ֮
ϴԸ嶯ͻɽ϶Ըȴ侲ͺñȾ֮صһħǶϣɵ顣
ǰĶˣҶҲû˿ڵллֳ֮ձػ
Ҷĵлû˵ֻĵ˵ͷȴǺʵҶ֣˵㲻⵺ˣ
ǣԻĵ۹Ƴǡ
ĵ۹һõطлһȥԼʶʶʱ鷳Ҷָˡ
һ
ںãҶʵһ˿øУǺпܣҶѾպ鷳һΡ
ˣǲȥϷġ
Ȼǣòܹǵż񣬴Ҫȥ
ǻôϻߡݺݵĵԼλһۣ޹˼ɵ֣Զȥ
һ֣ŵ۾ƺһ㣬ߵĶ˵˵ܣǺҵλСڣǲӽˮˣ
ҿǡ
ôһ仰ֱӳŸո뿪Ķ׷ȥֻһ͵ĺʵ벻ף쵽ôˣԼĵܻܵãƺԴҩƵġ
·ϣҶ˵֪쵽׷ʲô룬ԭһΪɣ֮⣬йۺɡ
ϣһֱи˵֮еǾǱΪһ֮еĵһˣʮ꣬Ѿﵽ֮ԯ硣
ԯѾʮ꣬ΪȴѾﵽ۷壬죬Ҫ˵һһ֮УҲǾǿˡ
ǰԯϲһ⵺ŮӣλŮӵıֱ̫ɲˣԹۺɵʵ˼иһֻϡ
Ϊ˼壬ԯʹλŮӳ׵ĶϾ˹ϵ˶û뵽ǣλŮһλ԰ˣÿһĽ죬λŮӶ죬վھ޴ĳǽ֮ϣԼ֮顣
Ҷ֮ҲʱλŮӵִлҲʵû뵽価Ȼ˸ҵŮӣ˾塣
ҶҲǺܾ壬ʮѾﵽ֮Ǵﵽ۷壬ҶԯţλΪŵһȣҲԶ


565 ԯ
ܿ죬˱Ѿһ޴ĳǽ֮⣬ǵʱ򣬷ֳǽ֮ɽ˺ͷӿ
ڳǽ֮ȴվһλ绪˵Ůʵò£ҶҲѾ֪ǽ֮ϵŮǸ⵺ϲԯŮˡ
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ٶȣҶףŵ죬ۺɵԯ磬ʶܳǽ֮ϵŮӡ
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ǵĴˣŮϣܹɹ
ǰõŮˣҵĻʹŮԶ߸߷ˡ
˵ĲۣҶֻ΢΢̾Ϣһⶫ˭ܹ˵أϾиԵ뷨
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ԯ翴ʱɫҲѾˣΪʶԼ֮ˣ֮еǿߡ
ԭǶľϼݵʧԶӭ
Сӣйһθ飬ղɱ䣬ýǼ򡭡
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ΪûнǼ֮ǰǻ뿪𣿡
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ȻǹۺɵԯԼԯҵĵһǿԯ档
ĻҶѾףȻֵˣǹۺɵߣɾڵǿߣһΪﵽ۷ĸ֡
ľϵΪֻǸոմﵽһ棬ԯҵڣȴǴﵽ۷֮֮ĲһԽĺ蹵
ҶԯҪɱȫû⣬ǰ˱λԯҵһ֡
ҶлͬȻԯҵڲ֣ǶľҲͱˣȻԯ涼ˣľϵɫ˲ѿ
ûж˵ľϴŶľֱ뿪˳ǽԶȥһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿʧ˵֮С


566 񺣣ħ
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ҶܹµʵһҲµˣǾǺҵĶүҲµˣȴû˵
Ȼʵ㲻Ǻȴ֮ڣشֲ˵Ϊܹһ̨ףﵽ֮Ļôŵĵλȫһˡ
û£ص˺ңҶҲûйκε飬ʼָƣڰ죬ҶѾԼָŲơ
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һ㣬ҶʵҲ뵽ˣǽ񺣳ʲô룬ôҲˡ
֪ʲôط
Ȼ֪Ҳġ
˵ɣʲô
ҪӦң㱣꣬Ҿͽ񺣵λø㣬̸
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ںĻҶû˿ĳɱӦΪҪպʲô飬ԼһԹ۵ġ
ǰӦԼ¶һ˿ϲãӻȡһŵͼ˵ĵطǽ񺣣ĵطǶħ


567 ǽ
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ĵ˵ͷҶû˿ĳɣΪҲʶһǽɣȻǽһɣҽ֮ҲһŽҲǶڵҶ˵Ѿָ˾ŲƵʵηһʡ
˿ٵ뿪ĺߣΪҪ죬ֻôһ·ǽǿҲ⡣
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վߵֻɵˣǰվɵǿߣԯ棬˵ΪѾﵽ˽۷֮
վɵžɵǿߣҶˣվ˶ߡ
ʱԶĺϣȻʻҴ󴬣ֻǼӵʱ䣬ҴѾʻ˰ߣҲʱ򣬴Ӵ߰ʮˣһ֪߰ʮ˶Ǹ֡
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ǽɾȻ˽ʼǿҶ죬Ҳ΢ЩȣϾһʣԿԺɨ졣
Ļɫ˲һ䣬ϾʴʲôˣǰʵȷЩ֮Žʴڣ
ĵ˵ͷҶָ߰ʮˣǰһλϣ˵߾ǽʣˣ档
֮УҶ췢˾ͽҲУ˾ͽ˿˿ɱҶɱ¾޷
Ҷ죬ںһ⣬ʵشҡ
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˵أҶ첻֪ΪʲôȻЦĸоԴŮһ;ĺһ㡣
Բ֪УҶںһ簮ʵһͨˣ𣿡

㵽״ﵽʲôΪ
ԭҶҲһͨˣ˲¶࣬˵ɣ㵽״ﵽʲôΪ
ʱҲ̽ͷһ˿ʵֵܣ˺Ļ֮⣬öִֵԸ
ദҶĹϵҲǢںõ⣬Ҷ첢ûлشֻЦЦ
ǵΪѾﵽ˶֮ƾʵҶȫſԻɱһǿߣǰʥǿߣҲһս
Ҷ죬㵽״ﵽʲôΪѵѾﵽ֮
ʳʱ򣬺ֻоԼ٣ҶȻûлش𣬻ЦЦֵܺʣҶʼնϻش
֪ǽʼݵʧԶӭʶ
ʱԯ涼ǰߣȻλΪѾﵽ˽۷壬ÿһﶼף뽣֮Ĳൽж
ǽλǽʣ˵˵ΪѾﵽ˶ǽ֮һǽʹó뻯
ʵÿһﶼǽɾȻɳһʼǿߣֻô򵥵Ҫһ
ǽֻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷֱӿ˵ԯ棬ҲʶˣˣΪǼ⣬ǽҲ׼գҶϣһǷȰһ䣬뿪ɡ
ǽʵĻһȫһȻһ˼Ұң˵ĺʩһ㣬Ҫ˵˻һʣ˵һ̲סˡ
˵ǿѹͷߣҲҪֻжǿǽһ㣬ֻҪһˣԺɨˡ
ǽʵĻɵ涼һ࣬ȴ޷κεı֣Ͼǰʵ̫ǿˡ
һ̣ԯ滹Ǻ棬ﶼ⣬ϾɽڲûգֻҪסŸպûзĻᡣ
ɾʱɵȻվɫᶨɵͬ˵ôǶŹ
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Ļ䣬ڳڵӣȫҶߵĺֵܣҲһļᶨơ
ʵֱһ̣Ҷ춼޷һĺ壬Ϊһ˿ΪԼȥڣҶỳɣŵȥҲûһ˻һüͷ


568 Ц
˵ĺɣǽеһ˿ϾǰȫҲֻһȺϰˡ
Ļ沢ûκεıʾΪ֪乶͵һ˵ת
ǽʣӦҲˣﲻô˵ǵļңǲ뿪ǽִˣôֵֻ¼ˡ
ǽʣ㵽ʱǽܹ죬Ҳ˰ٰɣԻ㿼ҪʲôԼڵ顣

Ļǽʵɫʱһ䣬ϺȻһɿֲɱкȻһǽնȥ
ǽʵΪѾﵽ˶ǽ֮ڵ֮ҲѾõ¯࣬ǽ˲ʹһʱǰնȥ
Ҳû˿ĳɣͷųԼĽֲһ㽣ӶҿֱӶ
ǽϾǽ棬ΪѾﵽ˽۷֮ȴһʵĶǽʡ
һǿĽ涼ǲһǽʾڶ֮УҲǿǰĽǿˡ
Ľ򣬸ֵסǽʵһֻǸոǱһ㣬ɫ˲תס
˵һ飬죬ҾǲǲҪٱңҾҪɱˡǰˣǽƺԸһ㡣
ƺԸһ㣬ûе˵ѾʮӰ
ŵ֮УûһӵΪ֮еﵽʦ֮ɾһգ۵ʱ䣬ոջʮˣѾ׵նɱ
ֵĲǽʣǽ棬Ҷʵ֪ǽɿϵ׶óˡ
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Ű֮µѪӰҪ˵ˣڵӣҲһ޲ȥǰ߰ʮ˰Ƥ
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ɾʱǰȻһӰһȫȴͷ׷꣬пտҲָֻŶԷỮȥ
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Լʳʱǽʱ˶ò̫ܣϾǰʵ̫СˣСеһ˿졣
ǽʵĻҶû˿Ķݣֻ¶һ˿Цֵģǹؼʱ̣Ȼȡ
Ҷ죬Ҳ֪ΪʲôǸо㲻ͨˣλ棬ҸЩ
Ҷֻüͷûж˵ʲôѾڰ֮УǰˣҶĮ˵ڿȥˡ
ʸʲôˣ
ǰĺ°׷꣬ǽʱһΪȻֵķ֣ԼΪȻ޷׿͸ʵΪһôµ顣
Ϊܹ죬ǽɿνǻ㾡ǿ߾޷õ֣Ȼȥ֮ǽһΪ⵺Ц
ֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬ǽѾ˾Ǿǰ꣬һΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣεжҲԲȡ
ֻҪϵı飬ҶѾܹԷ˼¸˾ŲʮҶȴû֣ΪڵƻûȫãֻǺ˾Ų㡣
ҶҪɱǰʵһܵ飬ҪĴȴޱȾ޴ģ£񽣶ʹ
Ͼ⵺֪ϾȻŽ񺣣Ĵ֮Ҷҵ񽣣Ҷܹĵʱʲôκˡ
ûս񽣣񽣶޷ʹҶʵûаܹڲ˵»ɱǰĶǽʡ


569 ɱ
㲻Ҫ֪˭ֻҪ֪һ飬ǾµĻʱҪˣҲҪ
ҶĻĻص֮䣬֮еĿ֮飬ֱǽʵɫһ䣬ôɵǰ꣬ǵ˶ˣҲսȥ
ɾʱǽ棬߳ߣǵձԯܵ˾ͽϡ
ǽǰǹһȻſ˵ʦ壬ɱţ˾ͽ˶Ը
˵ǽû˿ķԣϾ޷͸ΪȥʵҲá
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ųԼ棬Ҷû˿ĵǣɵһʵĻô˵ʲô顣
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ݣҽͻɱǣҲݡ
˵֮ҶҲ֣ɱ¾ٴͷųϾǿɱ˲ָԹɿֲĽٴν١
Լ汻ɱǽʸûκεĸдƾֻһ棬ǽ棬ôҲôõĽᲢۡ
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ʹħӡҶֱӳǰߵߺݺݵȥħӡոճ֣Ҷʱչ޲Ӱʧԭء
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ֱһ̣ڳ˻޷ǰһУô˵ǽɵʵҪһɣֱһ̫ܵ顣
ǰʵѾǽѾˣһ̵ǽɣһʣȫ졣
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ӵһĽɣһɣֵĻԿԳǽɴ⵺֮ʧ
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վǰıϼɵڣų⵺һŮϼӣϼӺŮӣһϼɵ࣬һ⣬˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮
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¶һ˿Цֻһ˲Ĺʥǿ߾ͱϼӵѹˣϼӹ˼˵ѳֽɱ
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ϼӵĻ䣬ϼϢȻ½һεɱ˲һƾճϼ֮С
һȫ£ȴͷ׷꣬;Բᳬʮ꣬˸еһ˿ȵǣΪֻﵽ˽֮ǰƺһ𲻶ħһš


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ϼɵǿ߶˵ˣ벻뽣񺣽ˣҪúõĿһ£ϾҪ뽣񺣽˵ĻôϼһħΪС
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ʱħֻҪɳһ񣬿ϼɶ֣֮ϼҲû˿˵벻뽣񺣽ˣڸ𰸣ǷԸһʱ䣬һ֮һһΣ
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576 һ
Ļϼ϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣȴûʲôǽеϼ˳ȥ
ǷܹγԼϼϼû˿⣬Ͼϣһ⣬ֱڣûеڶܹγϼ
ϼᵣܹγϼһĻȴ׵ʹλŮʥԭء
ѽҲû˵ôѰΰ
Ҷ˵仰ʱ֣ǰѱĴϼӣѲ֮ǰָ߲ʣֻж԰˲Ż
кȻһҶڲžѣԭϼӻһԣǾ˭ܹγϼϼӾͻ¼޸Ǹˡ
ҶҷģԼ֮ԻνȫΪһʱˣûȢϼӣһϼӵҶֻŵһ¡
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ǰŮӵҶĻҼֱӽеϼϼӣû˵Ӱ˲ʧԭء
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Ѿʧ꣬ϼӺȻųһ˿ЦݣҶ컹ڵĻһᱻЦ𺳡
ڡ
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˵֮ϼӵӰҲʱʧڴ֮ڣȵϼȥ֮ʵϣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷϼΨһĳ⣬ͬһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣʱȴһ֮ɫ
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һ죬ڵõһѾ񽣣ǰϼ˸еǣϼ⣬ûܹγǽʥҲܡ
һ죬ںȻѸ£Ѫģ˵˭ܹϼγ¼޸ǸˣӴ֮ϼǿߣһ⣬ûһܹϼγ
ϣڵϼô𣿡
Ļиеһ˿˼飬ȻҲͨ˵Ƕڵ飬Щ̫š
ƺûĻһ㣬ڻ֮˵Ȼһ죬ϼһˣһΪֻǸոմﵽꡣ
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ʱ̲סһ˿ʣΪڵϼʥ޷γһ𲻿ܽγġ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ԣһΪֻǸոմﵽ꣬ҲղǸͬһط
񺣣
ʵ޷ڵһԣȻܹ񺣵ˣҪ֪ǧ֮ǰ񺣻ûбħܣȻ󳬼֮һ
ʱ˭Ҳû꣬Ͼڵϼʥǿ߶޷γһССĽ͸Ӳˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷûþȴ׵Ľڵϼ˳ʱγһ̣׵⵺
𵱳վϼ¶µƣѾγϼֱڶĿĸо
ϣôˣǲǼ޸ꣿ
ûУڵѪģֻҪ˭ܹγϼô¼޸ǸˣȴܾڣҶ˵ұΪϼǺε񽣣һҲˣγҲȢ㣬赹ԣǡ
ÿꡣ
ûеѻ˵꣬һķߺޣȴʱ˵֪Ȼ֮ȷſıǮ
Ϊʲô
¸ֵ೹׵ɻˣʵ벻ףȻΪﵽ˽֮⵺֮ϣȴʲô
࣬㣬㵱ﵽ֮ʱ˶ã
Ȼ֪⻰ʲô˼໹û˿˵ƽΪﵽʱ䣬ȥʮʱ䡣
Ȼ˵Լƽƽܹоĳ֮еĵ֮飬Ͼܹʮʹﵽ֮ȷ԰ıǮ


577 Ļ
ȴû˿ͣʵ֪࣬꣬Ϊﵽ֮ʱ˶೤ʱ䣿
ҡҡͷ֪ΪʲôǰĳԼʱкȻоһ˿˼ĿܣʵѲֻʮ꣬Ѿﵽ˽֮
Լʳ⻰ʱֻоԼĶݺݵļ¶һ£ΪԴ²Ĳôôȷ԰ıǮ
ԴԼֻʮ꣬ΪѾﵽ˽һֱΪԼ⵺ϣҲϵȵġ
Ͼô˵ܹʮﵽ֮ˣ⵺϶޼󳬼ˣҲûмܹ
أγϼ꣬Ȼʮ꣬ѾԼΪﵽ˽֮Ƕôµʡ
ȴҡҡͷЩ˵ʮﵽ֮ôܰȻ뿪ϼɡ
ϵĻд󾪣Ǳ෴ܹʮʹﵽˣ˵ӵľ
ԶĻѾе˼겻ʮﵽĽ֮ѵԶʮꣿǸ̡
Ҳ£ֱӸ˴𰸣ʮ꣬Ժ󣬵ſʼֻʮʱ䣬Ѿﵽ˽֮ǽ۷֮
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ʮѾﵽ˽֮Ǻεȵ˸е˼飬ǳ׿˵Ҳš
ϣǸ˭
ս죬Ķӣȴ񺣸ϳ˽񺣡
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ʵ޷˱̬ΪʲôҪϳѵԻǰ̣սҲǽĶӡ
˵Ҳ΢΢һ̾˵ÿʮ꣬нҪĽѣҲֻ֪Ҫܹɹѽˣᱻص
ϣ˼˵ս첢ûгɹľѽ飿
ĵ˵ͷ˵Ҫ˵㣬ʱеȫţʵˣս첻ûгɹѽ飬ԺսƺһƵģĺսҶڽ񺣵ˣҲʼЩж
ĻಢûжٵľȣΪΪĶӣжϣսܹɹѽ顣
첻Ես첢ûܹѽ飬ŴԺ󣬽񺣿սҲͬˣսŻԸ䡣
ϣսΪʲô񺣵ģ
Ҳ֪ԭ³˽񺣵ˣûһ
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ĵ˵ͷս챻ѹһ£⵺Ҳֵķзû뵽ǣս챻ѹһ£ȴû˿ıʾ
ϣڵûг֣
ûУΪȫԣΪ˹ȫ֣
̾ϢһҲ֪ΪʲôǸоǸսĳֱ̫ˣеξһ㡣
ƺ뵽ʲô̧ͷʵϣղҶѾγڵϼѲҪ޸
һ뵽ڵ䣬ٿոͣͲȻһļƤ񣬱Ͼ֮ǧꡣ
ȻҲܹ鲻䣬ǱϾֻǴ˵˭ܹ֮͸
Ͳܹܵˣ߰ɣѾ˾
ĵ˵ͷҲףھûκεķԣְγڵϼô¾ϵ⣬һʧˡ
վϼ֮⣬Ҷͷһ亹ֱֻҪһ뵽ԼȻγϼӵϼҪԼĳ嶯
Ϊ˭֪ϼɵĵһǿϼӣѾ˽ǧʱ⣬ֻոնʮ꣬ȥȢһǧ֣ҶҲԸ⡣
ȻҶ첻òϣϼӵòĺ֪еκһˣ޷֮⣬ҶҲԲȥմè塣
˭˵ϼβģ
ݺݵһ䣬ҶӰʧԭأո뿪ϼ⣬ϼӵӰȻ֣Ѿʧ꣬ϼеһЩꡣ
Ļ𣿡


578 ɱ
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նħӵĻֱɱϼˣȻ뿪ϼ죬ʱϼôʵǿҲǰħ׷ɱˡ
ħӵֱӱ񶨣ΪԼɱϼˣôʱϼӻ᲻һɱ˶ħ
ǰǵȻһϼӣȴȴһˣԴӽħһսԺ󣬶ħѾһʥǿˡ
ʦΪʲôɱϼ죬ѵǶħʵϼ𣿡
ү԰꣬Ȼǲɱϼ죬ȴ԰ɱ
ɱ
ĵ˵ͷ߼˵ڿʼǿʼϰɱϼɵˣʱϼ֪ˣûƾʵݣҲôġ
ߵĻħ϶ʱһϲΪϲɱ¾ǰɱЩɴ˵ھͿʼɡ
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ѾˣǱɱĵ֮УĵȷȷǶħɱġ
ϺȻ䱬һɾ˵ɱӱޱȵ˵ߣħ浱ϼɺ۸ɡ
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ħ߻һΪﵽʥ֮ĳǿߣףܹԳֻɱˣϼϣܹɱ
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Ͼħӱ̫ǿˣǸ޷ֿĵزϾħŽ񼶱ǿ
һ뵽ڳİ˾йУΪﵽ˽֮ѾվһΣǸֿܹġ
ȥɣһ⡣
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˵ˣϼŮҲû˵ʲôϾҲܹĹ˼ɣҪ˵һϼɣǵһʱĽ񺣣󶼲ǶħĶ֡
ȵϼŮ뿪ϼ֮ϼʵǸô죿
䡱ϼĻصĸֻ֣һ̾Ҳûٶ˵ʲô
ϼ֣ϼһƬ˵ɭ֣ϼִԶȥһƬԴҴ˵ϼϼɵһʦһΪﵽ֮ľǿԲ¡
ϼһֱи˵Ǿϼ֮Уһ׵ϼµĽϼһǿߣϼӶᡣ
ΪϽһ׽µĽÿϼֶųǧǰ򽣾ǧȴûһܹɹϽ
ϼɵһǿϼӣϼǧһţΪϼӴϼ֣׽֮һ
Ȼȥֻ֮һĽȴ֪һµĽֻѧе֮һҲͬСɡ
ϼӵҲ׿ڳϹܹȫĽôһԽ֮֮һĽôﵽʥ۷嶼ûκε⡣
ϼޱȵľ޴ռϼ֮һԾϼϼˣҲκε⡣
ϼһҶ⣬ϼŮ϶һ˿أֻǲʱ䣬ϼѾȥһʮˡ
ĿԼɵһȥȴΪҪǣ֪˭ȴû˿İ취Ǽɵֱʵֽɱ


579 ﶹ
ϼŮֻҪпգһϼֲ򽣾ϼ֣пܸϽϼŮȴϲá
λŮһضħҿԱֻ֤Ҫźıүһʮ֮ڴﵽ֮Σ
ʱϼŮǰȻˣһһ٣ǲϰɱϼɵӵĶħˡ
ԴӱϼԺ˰֮ڲϵİɱϼɵĵӣΪ͵ˣǴﵽ˽֮
лŽ𼶱ǿߣҪΪϼŮòħӸ˵ôϻֱӳֻɱˡ
Ҫ֪ȻϼŮòϼŮ⵺֮ϣҲܹŵϺţϼŮΪﵽ˽֮͸ʹ˿ˡ
νΪ˵òΪ˵ʵħӶ뽫˾ΪУһ뵽Լ߸˲ϵħڵԺɶɾɽһ㣬һʰ
ν˼ۺ죬ǰ˻ɱϼôǿߣҪţ˵ϼŮѳ֡
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ǶħվԭأһȴΪͺֻࡣ
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ʥ֮Ĳ౾һԽĺ蹵һʥҪɱ棬ֱһ׾ٵ顣
ȴû֣ΪȻԼǶħӵʦħħӵʦҲʮˣǶһ࣬һ١
ϼŮסЩֺõĿߵ˵үץȥҲá
ĵ˵ͷħӸûԼʦЩĶǰˣ޲ֱȥǹ⼸˵·͵
ħӣҪˣһ£Сɱ㡣
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˵֮󣬶ħӱ㳯ǰȥ֮¶Ŀ⣬ֱϼŮʧɫɫ԰ޱȡ
ôҲöħĴүȻɳ飬ħе㻹ﶹֱˡ
ʱؼȻһ翵ֱŵĶħɫ䣬ΪħӾֵķ֣ԼΪȻ޷ܵ˵Ϣ
Ҫ֪ΪѾﵽ˽۷֮񼶱ǿߣǽʥԲҲǰǿ߶ܶѲ顣

һ뵽ܣħֹΪһΪﵽ֮ǿߴʲôҪ˵ССϼɣڶħҲ۷Ĵڡ
ħӸܵģҲͬܵˣߵҪԶԶڶħӣϾΪѾﵽ˰ʥ֮
Ǿֱûз˵κϢ˵ʲô߸룬˵ħȫ֪һλǰ٣ǰһ
ħǸʲôΪʲôû˵
˵ĻöħɫһڵϼŮҲһ𺳣ħʲôʵڲţ˾Ȼħû˵
ʮ֮⣬ռڣҶһ˿ЦĸߵһУȻ޷ۿһУƾ赤ռ棬һȴǸ޷ӳ֮С
ǼɵߵʵҶͳȥ˻ɱˣǵҶеκһˣΪﵽʥ֮Ҳͬˡ
ǰħ⵺һѵǰû˵𣿡
Ŷ⵺һôֻ֪˵⵺ĵһǽ񺣣ʲôʱܳһСġ
˵ʲô
ү³ç
ûеȶħڣߵɫʱ䣬Ǻ˵ʲôΪҪɱǣ˵ʱֵĻᶼûС
һߣħһֱﲻϵĸԼԼ³çɱ֮ԽԽԽԽ̲סϾħԴӻܽԺ⵺һλѵ춨˾ȻӶħ
ȥĹӣбһսҪͷڹһ


580 ĺ͹Ƶ
ȥĹӣбһսҪͷڹһ
ħӸո꣬ߵɫ˲䣬û˿ĳɣϺȻһɿֲϢֱӽֽȥ
ô˵žʵҲû˿ܹˣôԶħӵΪӵĲܣ߼ɴ˵үߣ󡣡
Ŷ鷳ʦˡ
ոڣħӾͺˣһԼͣǲô˵Ѿ֣һжѾӣûٸκεĳɣֱ˦ֻѾٵ뿪ԭأԶȥ
ת֮ʣħӵӰѾ׵ʧ˵֮Уħ뿪֮ɫصĿܡ
˸еȵǣӵʱ䣬Ȼûг֣ոͷųϢ׵ʧˡ
ϼֵһͷֻ˲ħѾϼŮڵĵطмǧףܵٶȼֱ̾Ϊֹ
Ϊʲôˣ
ħӸոͣ£֮ϺȻһ翵ħӵɫ˲䣬ΪѾǸոλˡ
㵽Ҫô
ԼܲˣħӸɴͣ½ŲˣΪ֪Լܵٿ죬Ҳӳ˵׷١
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ҶӰȻûг֣ȻԼĵռڣħû˵ҲĬˣʵ㣬ǲרӵģ
ֱӰѶħӸʵסˣħʵ벻ͨ⵽Ϊʲô
ȶħӻشҶֱ˵費ӵģôôһӵĶӡ

ҶĻ䣬ոջһֻŵĶħӣȻ񱻴˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܵȡԼĽܷ趯
ռڣ߾˷ƵĶħӣҶеֻһ˿Цĺ͹ƵģҲ˼ˣ޳Ĳš
֮󣬶ħƺˣһֻˮţһ㣬ܣ֮лðһ
ˣ
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ȡе񽣣Ҷû˵ֱʹԼǿһУһȻԼޱȵţǲô˵ӣһʵĽ۷ǿߡ
ոջһ˿ɵĶħӣкȻֵʱ˾Ȼһ£̲סֵغȻ񽣣ܵģ㲻ӵ񽣡
ħһ̳׵Ļ̿ˣΪǧǰһսȻĽǶħʤȴ֪֮Խ񺣻ܣȫΪħ͵ϮЧ
һս֮󣬽ĴˣĴ֮ڵİ񽣣ȫ˽񺣣Ҳ˽񺣡
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һ뵽ܣħӵɫٴδ䣬ڸû˿սȥΪŸҪҪ
ұ뾡콫ϢضħħΣӡ
뵽ħӸûȥֱ꣬ӳԶȥȥҶôܷŹôõĻᡣ
һֻһ˲Ѿħӵİ֮ϣҶͷųħӡ׼뿪Ӻݺȥ
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һħӡΪﵽ۷ĶħӣҲʱҳϡãһ̣ҶѾӡħӡֹ
ħӵ˲䱻ҳϡãһ˿֮Ȼھ֮ϣ꣬ħӵ֮һߺ޵ĺ
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ħ׼뿪Ҷôͬ⣬ɳһϢֱӽħӵ֣֮ܶħӱҵĺҶֱӽ֮ץڡ
ǰžһӵӣ֮Ҳôǲ֪˵ã˵ﲻãֻһ仰һߣȻҡ


581 ƶħ
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ҶĻħӵ֮ȻһǿҵĲµҶеһ˿ɻ
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һߵΪôߣ֮ȴΪģԻûмӵʱ䣬ħӾѾܲˡ
¶һ˿ЦҶ쿪ʼʵǶħĶӣ
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ʲô취񺣵˽֮ϣ
ʵҶһֱţһսǽˣǲô˵񺣶⵺󳬼֮һħҪһڽ񵺣ֱЩ̫ܡ
νձ󣬽񺣾ܣǲʵҲͬСɣҶϿȷħܹ֮ס񺣣һĳְ취
ΣǶħܣһ󣬲Ҫ˵һССĽ棬ǽڴˣҲƿ󡣡
ȻʵҶ뵽ܹһħĳסǧ꣬ħ֮⣬
Ҹν뽣񵺣
˵Ҫ뽣񵺣
Ļħƺ˵ٴɻһ飬ȴȴźһҵĺ˲
ʲôֻҪԹԻشͿԣĲʡ
Ҫ뽣񵺣ʲôطԣµǸ󷨣򵥳ѡ
ǰ֮ħѲʲôϾѾ٣ƾһ֮Ҫôԡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ¶һ˿Цֱӽħӵ֮ɢȻؾһ
ΪҶһ̣Ȼ֮ϣһؾ֮ķҲ˵ȼɢһߵ֮Ȼߵ֮ؾۡ
ؾۺ֮ʧȥһʶԭļȴǴڵģҲ˵һ̶ħӵ֮ѲǶħӣŶħʶһ֮
Ҷ컹һ飬ǾǽʦڸѪɷ֮ƳѪɷӿֲ
󹦷ϣҶ컹һܣǾǵʱѪɷ䣬ҲܵκεӰ죬ΨһȱǣѪɷܺпܻѱ䡣
սȡһʥʬ壬ȻҶ콫ħӵ֮ǿдʥڣȻʹطƳһ߽ʿܡ
Ȼӵʥ壬ǶħӵΪʼղŴﵽ˽۷֮ѪɷҪȴ֮Ҳʶ
Ҳ˵һʥ֮ʥڣôƳĿܣΪ൱һʥ
һʼ֮뵽ʥڣôƳѪɷܣΪֻ൱һʡ
Ҷȴ൱⣬ӵ˶ħӣôȥ񵺼ֱһ׾ٵ飬ҶħӵΪֻǸոմﵽ˽۷֮ķȴԿԸһʥ
ҶȻôģǽԼһαѪһ˿ʶȫ뵽ǰѪɷܵڡ
ҶΪʥܣеҩģʵû뵽ǣ⵺ϵĿ¡
ʺѪɷܵҩȴٵĿҶǧټ֮£һЩҶžԵģܹ⵺ȫеҩġ
ʱܹʥʬȫƳѪɷܣô߾൱ӵʥǿߣһʼĸ֡
סһ㣬ԺǶħĶӶħӣպһжҪҵ𣿡
ֻһ˲䣬ոջ¶ĶħӣȻ˹Ҷ⣬Ҳûκ֪ħʵһ߿ܰˡ
ү֪ˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶŶħӣķȥΪԭĵطһûдǿһʵİʥǿߣҶװ˷ѡ
Ҷ컹һ£ǾѪɷܣȻͻƵļ󣬿Ҫ֪ħӵΪѾﵽ˽۷֮ͻƣôпܴﵽʥ֮
ֻҶ޷׵ģչʦڸѪɷ֮ƳĿܸ޷ΪƳĶħӣȻΪпٴ
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ϼŮ֮УߵĳӺȻŭ˻һߵסϼҲˡ
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˷绯治֪үôǵģ
ʦǷſɡ
ʱ򣬶ħӵȻ䴫˹ħҶ컺ĴԶû֪һ̵ĶħӣѲǵĶħˡ
ԼҵүȻĻһϲ֪үʲô룬ôҲٻȥ
߷ſǰϼŮҲʱ򣬶ħҶҲ˰ǰ
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ħӵĻ֪ΪʲôǸоһԼӣƺŲԣȴ˵
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ǰĺ°׷꣬жʱеһв߸еӾֵǣΪȻ޷͸ʵ
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ȻЩɻ󣬿ǲô˵ûлɹԼĵӣǽһĻôһӶǡ
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ֱ۵һ̣߶ûг֣Ϊʲôʱ߶ǵһ飬Ǿǰ꣬ʼնĵӡ
ŻȥߣҶֻ΢΢һ̾ǰһˣӸղŵľٶ߶ֵ𾴡
ΪҶ֪ߵΪһ̵ķ֮ҲԲһܹܵ˵á
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˭ܸң⵽ôһ飿
ŸոһУϼŮȫɵˣΪ֪ħӱһģΪʲôȴɱء
ҶûߵϼŮǴŶħӿٵȥΪϼӵԼѵʱ䣬ҶϼӵĴ𰸣Ҳ֪
ʱϼڡ
ϼŮʱ֮ǰһУԭԭĸǰˣϼǿߣϼӣ⡣

ֻҪһϼŮ꣬ϼѾŲ³˭ˣ˸ոհγϼұܵҶ֮⻹˭
ϼǿ޷ͨǣҶǽ񺣵ˣΪʲôֺͶħ˹ϵһɱʥǿߡ
Ҷǽ񺣵ݣһ̣ûһ˻ȥɣΪҶеǲ񽣣û˻ȥݡ
벻ͨǣҶΪʲôħϹϵϾڲǰҶ컹Ҫϼ֣һԸħڣƺһжĲһˡ
ڣҶȻɱ
һϼŮĻرΪϼɵһʱ˾ΪԶڵһλ˭İΣôһὫвɱҡ֮С
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ƺ˵ʲôȴʱϼںȻ꣬ǸոոҶħӶˡ
ղ˵Ҫɱң
ովҶɫЩĿǰ࣬ΪҪϼˣ˵Ϊ˸ղһ仰Ҷѳֽɱˡ
ΪҶŲϵһǾҪһвԼˣȫɱҡ֮С


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Ұֻûгϼɫһ䣬ϺȻһɾ˵ֱ֮ӽϼȫڡ
Ҷ죬ס֡
һ̣ϼھȻֵķ֣ʥʵȻ޷λã˵ʲôֻҪһ룬;Щ˼顣
ʱɫѲþݣһּı飬ʵڲţʵʵھȻһýָԼĺ
ǿϼӵķϣѾһˡ
˵ţҶеĽȻǰĴһ£ʱĺһ˿ѪҶĽ΢ǰһ㣬ôλϼɵҪȥϵүүˡ
Ҷ죬顣
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סûǸ£ͲҪǸڣˣҲͬ㣬ֻһСˡ
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ڻеĽҶɢɱȻֻ࣬ҪκεĲ죬Իڵһʱ佫ɱ
ոҶܹ֮ϼӵȫΪҶһʱԼĵռ֮ڣȻ˲һ㣬ֱǰ
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ĶҶʵ޷սʤϼӵĻҪɱʣµľˣֱһ׾ٵ顣
ҶһֱиɱﵣǾսڣʥûжãҶ¶ģ򲻵ѣԲٻʥܡ
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ҶȴȻûôΪһֱ֪ҪߵøԶõʵĸǿ󣬾Ͳ̫İ
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ģܹԽصǧ֮ǰһݺݵĳս죬ûôծʲôݺݵһ䣬ҶûϾȥΪ֪ŮǲģŮ˽ǻȥĸ̸ʵһ㡣
Ȳ˵˵˵Ǹôϣħһ򾡡
ϼҲû𣬲һ̣˶ܹоĳϼӿҶѾԲһˡ
ϼӿǰĶħӣɫЩ΢΢תʵô£
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˼˵ڵĶħѲǵǸħӣĶħӣʵһ߿ܰˡ
֪ǰ겻ƭԼǲôϼﻹһ˿ţҪ֪ħӿһʵĽ۷ǿߡ
ϼڣԼ⣬ҲҲڶܹսʤħӣҶħӻǶħˣöħ֪ħӾȻƳ˿ܣôϼɾػҲ»ᱻ˲ڡ
⵺֮ϣﶼ֪⵺󳬼֮УһŽ񼶱ǿڣһҪϼɣֱһ׾ٵ顣
ȸҽڶħɡڶħӵ飬Ҷûټ˵ȥϾ˶֪Լܡ
ĵ˵ͷϼҲ֪Ҷ첻˵Ҳûȥ˵⵺֮ϣһ󳬼
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ڣǰȴһٶƣһСͽ䣬պ֮ȥϼɵδ档
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Ϊÿһﶼ֪Ϊֻдﵽǽ֮ӵнյͨǰ꣬ĵȷȷһѡ
ҶʹĽգϼȻҲˣȴûг֣Ϊ֪Ҷǲ˺ϼŮġ
ϼӲµĺܶԣҶòһߴĵӣٴλӳһ߹ɲͬɱ˲佫ϼŮ֡
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Ҷ죬֪ܹʹյ֮ͨȥĻ⵺Ҳûİ֮ˡ
вң
ϼӵĻҶɫʱһ䣬ޱĮ˵ҶȴǸ£ɵǿߵĻҲ֮ϣȫµʹա
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ǰϼǰԹҶĺȻһ¶д󾪣ƺЩֱϼӵĿ⣬ҶЩҵĻصҲҪѡ
˵֮ʣϼɵ󽣻ʣ࣬뿪ϼϼȫøˡ
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˵ħĵһΪﵽĳǿߣҶħʮħϣʮħϵΪҲѾﵽ˽֮
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ϢҶƽԸҲ̲סһ󾪣Ͼʲôˣڶħȴʮ
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˻ҶҲסˣ嶼ƺһ£½֮ɫΪﵽ֮Ѿվˡ
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֮ϣԴʣ˵ʥصλʥΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
Ҷû뵽ǣħ֮ڲʮ񣬶һѹֵԻܽˡ
Ҳһ̣Ҷٴ˾ǾʱԸħ뷨ϾڵʵټϼɣҲǶħĶ֡
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ϼȴһˣô˵ϼɶһһɣҪѼЩҩģֱһ׾ٵ顣
İɣЩҩҶһ٣ҾŪ㡱ȥҶҪЩҩĸʲôϼֱӻش
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֮ΪȫΪ⵺󳬼֮һ⵺ϵֱǽħ
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죬Ƶ˽񵺵ܣֱռŶĸﶼʵҲֻжħܹ쵽ˡ


586 ԸеС
񵺵ı棬һֻǰСĵ֮ϣƽʥɫЩȻĿǰ񺣡
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ƽ֣վѾʮˣѲ뽣񺣣
ʱ򣬵һͷȻһ󺺣ԼʮңĺиԣǴ󺺱£촽ϵһСӣԵøԸС
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֣Ҳ̧̫ˣҪ˵ңʮλ϶׽뽣񵺡
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ҵʱҲҲ֪ħȫʵȫѹ˶ϣܾ񺣵ˣôʱԻ

ӽʥ޷ͨҶ֮ʲôٴʵƽ֣ѲΪһССĽ棬ǶħԸ˰ɣ
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ϾҶ֪һ̵Ľܣȫ˶ħǿߣһ㣬һ㣬ᱻħǿ֡
Ҷһ˶˴ȻԼĵռڣ׵ĳǰƶʱŷ֣Ҫ뽣񵺲ôס
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ЦһҶٴʧԭأƾŵռϢ˫ϣǵϵĽʥҲ޷ټ
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587 뽣
һΪﵽǽʥǿߣҶ컹ûκεţ仹˼ҵĵϣʱݾߵĻ²õ뽣񺣣Ѿħɱˡ
ҶûԳֻ֣ٻʥܶѣû˿ʥ֮£ӽʥֱӱɱ
ʱ򣬵ܺȻ䱬ĹǿϢֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ӵʬǰѾߡ
֮УƽʥҲȻڣ֮ϣȻʥأҶ޷󵽵ģϾּ㣬ܵĽʥжʮʥ
ʮʥҶֻҪһ뵽֣ɫҲ̲סһ˿أϾµһţ֮ڲŰʥ
Ҳ˵ħֲĴĽʥѾŵ࣬ǶħҪţҲһ̫ѵ顣
ŵϵʬףĴʥɫԵޱȵ뾪ȣҪǣӽʥΪѾﵽ˶ǽʥ֮ǽʥ۷ǿҪɱӽʥҲһ׵顣
ô£˭ɱ˺ֵģ
֮Уһ㣬޵˵Դǧǰ񺣱ħڽϣ˾͸رĵ졣
ȻڼҲ滻ˣǧʱ⣬˵ĸ黹Ǻܲģ쿴ӽɱѱŭѡ
һҪ֪Ƕħĵ̣ҵ򣬾ǽʥ۷ǿߣҲ
ѾˣôȻɱҶħˣ˵ʲôҲҪ¡
ƽʥĻκεķԣĴʥ˷ȥ֮ʱߺӽʥʬ塣
ںӽʥ֮ڸղŵһ˲䣬ѾҶ׻ɢϾһʥ֮ǿ󣬶ҸղĴʥҶҲҶයֻܻӳһӽʥ֮ɢ
ռڣĴʥѾȫ뿪Ҷеֻһ˿Цȴûм֣ΪһĴѾ˷һĽʥô뿪Ͳ̫ˡ
뿪ռ䣬ҶֱٻħӣĮʵǸô뽣֮ڣ
үҪ뽣񵺣ܹӵжħƣκ˶ܽ롣
Ҫǿн뽣񵺣ô
Ҫǿн뽣񵺣ô˲ʮҲڵһʱ֪ʱʮһ֣ǽҲɡ
ǰħӵĻҶһԭǴǿнģһħĻĺԼû³ç
ҶܹĵʮΪﵽ֮ĳǿ֣εȾ޴󣬲Ҫ˵ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮ǽԣҲδܹӵùʮһ
жħ𣿡
ʵҶҲ֪Ϊħ׶ӣħһŽ뽣񵺵ĶħƣҶħӵΪҲѾﵽ˽۷֮ڶħҲǶĴˡ
ȻħӴӻȡһɫӣдŶħ֣Ҷ컹֣ħһ˿˵ħͷųһǶˡ
ħƳӵ֮⣬˭ӵŶħƣ
үħޱȣ˸֮⣬ħϣҲֻʮŶħƣǶҲûʸӵжħơ
ܣ
ҶЩɻʵ˵˭
үܾҵ׵ܵܣһӣ֮⣬жܣұ⵺֮ΪħӣǱ֮Ϊħӡ
ħӵĻشҶֱеЩħӣħӣѲɶħҲǶħӵĸףǶħ
˶кĵģҶҲ⣬Ҷʵĸױ֮Ϊʲô
үױ⵺ϳ֮Ϊħ
ħӵĻҶ컹ЩеЦҲû˷ʱ䣬Ͼǰ񺣣Ҫǽ뽣ڡ
ȵԼڵ֮󣬾뿪񺣸ɽʱֻҪѣôһнס
Ҷûʹöħƣǽħ½ħϾֻſܱ⾡ܵ鷳
ҶָħҲû˿ĳɣϾѪɷֻħڵһ˿ֱ֮ӽ뵽еĶħ֮ڡ
ħ֮˲һɫâħҶһ˺ɫâ֮ڣҲʧԭء


588 
˸ո뿪ûһӵʱ䣬ĴʥٴγʧĵطŶħϢĴʥ϶һ˿˼顣
ħƣΨһ뽣񺣵İ취ħӵжħƵˣҲֻʮ˰ˣֱǶħħԼʮϡ
ħʮӵŶħ֮⣬ʹǣΪﵽʥĻҲûʸӵһöħơ
ɴ˿ɼһöħжôأһ̣ȻŶħƲϢҲ˵ոѾ˽񺣡
һ뵽˽뽣񺣣ĴʥɫȫˣϾؽ񵺵ı棬˽뽣񵺣νȫе
ʲô룿
ʱ˷һ翵ĴʥԲһ£¶һ˿̿֡
ʮϣǷָոƾŶħƽ˽񺣡
˵ʲô
ƽʥĻû˵ֻ꣬һɿֲѹֱӽ٣Ĵʥû˿ĵֱֿһڵϡ
ʱĴʥǰȻһӣһȥӣеֻһ˿֮ɫ
ӣĴʥûİ֮飬һ̣˾µСӣ׼ǰӵŭ
ô£һֲĸ˵
ӵĻĴʥĶݺݵĲһ£Ϊ˸ỳܲ˵ֻǵĵǣ˻᲻ľʹȥ
سϣڸղţӻɱ˷ֱȥ׷飬ǻûеκεĽͳ˶ħƵĲϢԡ
ûеƽʥѻ˵꣬ӾѾ˰֣ʵСӱɱˣ
ǵģϣӻȷɱˡ
ûκεֻǵĮĵ˵ͷƺһʥһֻ϶㡣
ոպȻֵǶħʮ֮һһλĳϣȻһλħϣȴûһ˸Ҷ˿Ĳ
ΪȻʮ֮ĩӵΪȴѾﵽ˽֮͵ȵһǽҲĴڡ
Ǵ½ϻ⵺ϣԹŶһ仰Ǿ֮½ΪϣΪﵽʥ۷ǿߣһҲֻһֻԴϰˡ
ĴʥỳɣǰҪɱǣֻһ͹ˣϾ־Ŀֲڡ
ħϣ˵ӶѾʮ⣬ûһӵжħƣҸո뵺棬Ҳ룬ôֻʣһˡ
ʮϵĻĴʥҲʱˣ˵Լʮ֮⣬ħӵжħƵˣֻһˣǾǶħӶħӡ
޷ͨǣħΪʲôҪ뽣񺣣ϾħУֻҪħһڽ֮ϣû˿һᱻ񺣵ɱ
ﶼףħô֪Ҳ֪Լһ˽뽣񺣣Ͼ˵ֻһ
ħӲԽ룬ôֻʣһܣǾǶħӿѾ£ħҲѾá
뵽ӵɫ˲ת䣬˵ĸֱ֪ͨˣõ׷үǿػֻҪ˴ӽ񵺳ɱۡ
ǣϡ
ĴʥҲʶԣûиκεĵֱӳŲͬĸȥֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ĴʥӰѾʧڵľͷ
ҪȽ񺣵ˣԲ
һֱиɻ˭ðŶħѹ뵽񺣣ϾǴ½ϵҲԲǶħ
Ҫ˵ǱԼҲδظڶħΪУӿɲţĴְ񺣡
Ϊ֪񺣲ʥشĹϵҲԺòȥ
ҡҡͷûм˼ȥôվڵ֮ϣǰĽ񺣣ֻҪ˸ҴԲ飬ֱӽ˻ɱ
ɫâһҶһϣǱɫâɵһ̣ҶѾħٻսڡ
ʲôˣ
Ҷոճ֣˱㳯˹ϳ֮ɫϾѾǧ֮ãûܹȥͬҲûܹ
Ե˿Ȼ˴ԴŹԵĿǰ꣬ʱпܳһ㡣


589 Ĵ
񵺣
ոһ֣ҶѾ֪ԼѾ˽֮ڣ⵺󳬼֮һĽڡ
ǰˣ֪ΪʲôҶȻоԼľصԼļһ㣬иĺá
ҽҶ죬Դ½Ļĵ۹
˵ʲôҶ죿
ĵ˵ͷҶʵ벻ͨΪʲôǰĶʱϾȻ¶ֱ顣
ԣҽҶ죬ѵʲô𣿡
û⣬㣬ô߽ģ
֪ΪʲôҶܹǰϸܵһ˿ˣǰ˶ħˣһЦҶҲû˷ʱ䣬ֱӳȥ
ʲôϿͣͲҪǳˡ
ǻûе˰ѻ˵꣬˵ѾĵȥǰĶˣҶʵûºֻ֣˻ΰˡ
ΪҶ췢֣˵ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮뽣֮ŲСľ룬εҡҡͷҶֱʧԭء
Ȼ鷳Ҷ֪߽ģö˵ʱһи׷ɱϾǧûһܹ߽뵽֮ڡ
ڽ񵺵ĴϣҶ췢񵺴Щ֣⿴񵺣Ҳֻһ΢ĵˡ
Уȴ֣񵺵ϼǧٸô󣬶ҽҲΪһ
Ҷ췢֣񵺵ˣΪȻձ£֮ͨ⣬ΪߵҲֻﵽ˽֮ڽϵ˼ûС
ҶܹΪ⵺󳬼֮һʵɣǵһսԪˡ
񺣱ħö˽֮ϣһͨǾǿԲս񵺵
ԵҶ뽣񵺵ʱ򣬾Ȼ֣ǽ񵺵һطϡļûУֻܹΪŹ֡
΢΢һ̾ҶڻϿԿ϶ýħһսĻôİܵһǽ񺣡
ȻҶ첻֪һ̻жǿߴڣȴħһʮ
һһţʮͬʱ֣ô¼仹˭ֵܹסӿµǣħ
Ҷ֪ڴ֮ǰ½ϣ֪ӵ֮УҲֻʥˣڽɽ͵֮磬Ҳû
ҶҲԼϢѹƵ֮Ͼİĵط̫ע⣬Ǵġ
ʵҶﻹиǣǾսݣڵѾԵսе˽⣬ս챾ҲҶ죬ǽ׶ӡ
ڶʮ꣬սûܹɹԼĽ飬ԴӴ֮Ը䣬һŭ֮뿪˽񺣡
Ҷ첻֪Լʱ򣬸ʲôȥϾڻûѣĳսת֮
΢΢һ̾ҶѡһҾ¥ҪһЩƲ˿ʼʱ򣬾¥һˣ̸֮ע⡣
˵ûУϽˣҪĽСٿˡ
ĽСѾǧ꣬˭ԸȢһǧŮˡ
ߣªˣȻĽСѾ꣬ǵĽĽСһѩ£˵ֻҪĽСԶʮꡣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҿ˵ĽСΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮ĽĽСļױȻϽ񽣡
˵ʲô񽣣
Сӣû뵽ɣ㲻ΪģֻΪ񽣣ҲӦȥ
ȻĶԻҶҲһΪ˿˵ĽݼҾ񽣣ǽĴ֮һĽݼңҲĴ֮һ
ĴֱҶңּңżԼĽݼңĴֱ񽣣¾񽣣񽣺;񽣡
ǸʲôĽСıףҶȴûзϣӡħʥĻʵĴ飬ʱܹĴ飬ܹõİ񽣣ôʵٴһ߶ȡ
ôһȥлõ񽣾͸ˡ
ҶӰҲ˲ʧھ¥Ÿո˵ļ˶ȥϾǳ񵺣ڽϵһлǺ˽⡣
Ҷȴղż˿˵ĽݼڵĵطϽôһŶͱ
ĴһŽĴ壬Ĵ֮УսڵҶңʵΪǿ󣬶ҶҼҲǽ


590 ̫ӵ
ż˵ĲҶܿżһƬ֮УȻΪֻǸոմﵽ֮һ·֪һֱǡ
ֵܣɲԸҽһ
סһ·ˣҶӻͳһЩҸˣſʼʵϾϣûԸװ׸顣
ȻµɫЩ̫ÿǵݹĽʱɫ˲ת磬ʵֵܣ֪ʲô
֪顣
ʶˣϽڣûСŲ֪顭
ʼɡ
һЩҶ͸еһͷϲľʲô붼˵Ǹ㴵һţˣԻûеС˵Ҷֱӽ׼˵ķϻͨͨ˻ȥ
漴¶һ˿֮ɫСſʼ˵ǽĴ֮һϽƹĽݼ壬һˣȴһӣĽݼҵĽС׼ףֵܣȥԡ
˵˭ܹӮĹھͿԵõĽݼҵ񽣣д£
ҶĻС¶һ˿죬ֻεļðˣôܶùҶĹ۲죬Ҷ첢û˵ʲô
ĵ˵ͷС˵ԭֵб˵ĺܶԣα׵ĽƷǾ񽣣Ҫõ񽣣ȴеѰ
Ŷ˵
˵ҶٴδӻͳһЩҸǰ꣬Ϊû㹻ջԲ˵ġ
ȻոõңСŵٴαһЦݣ˵ΪĽСſкܶ࣬ҸʵǷҪռͷĻͱעĸˡ
Ŷ
ĸ˷ֱĴҴ˵˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮Ҫʤˣͱʵ൱

ĴˣȻŽʵҶҲ΢ЩȣϾҪ֮һѵ顣
Ҷں
𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ģҪ˵𣬾ʣҶҲδػὫϾҶڵʵʥǿߣҲԿһս֮
ӵʥܣڵҶױȵţʱʥǿߣҲԿԽɱ
ûȥΪҶѾ֪Լôˣٵ뿪Ѿʧĺ°׷꣬СŰһԩͷ
Ľݼ壬Ĵ֮һػϽĽݼļĽݸͬһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
ĽѩĽݸŮΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮˵ϼܹ֮Ϊ⵺һŮȫΪĽѩûгԭ
Ըţ⵺ĵһŮʲôϼӣǽĴ֮һĽݼĴС㣬ʥĽѩ
ҶõЩϢʱ򣬶ںĽѩȴһ㶼ģǶĽݸȴעҶ֮ǰ뷨Ĵܹ֮Ϊﵽ֮ˣҲֻҶҼһ˶ѣҲǽΪܹﵽ֮
Ҷû뵽ǣҶҼ֮⣬ΪҲͬﵽ˽֮ͬһ˼Ҷˡ
Ҷھ岻ǣԼҪҪμǸףϾҪõ񽣣ͱڱϼѹȺۡ
ҶȴףǱףСӵĹҼңϾʱӮ˱ףͶһλš
ȻҶ֪ԼŮûʲôִǲô˵ĺ֪Ѿܶ࣬Ҷʵڲٶλˡ
ҵҪҪȥ
ҶﲻϵԼһСʱļᣬҶ컹ǾȥϾҪõ񽣣ֻ·ߡ
ĽݸĽѩ±׵ĳأϽ֮ǰĹ㳡ϣӽ쿪ʼʱܱ֮꣬Զľʤߡ
֮ڣÿһԣʤ߽ԶڶƣҶϽʱֻ㳡ɽ˺ͷӿ
Ҷ췢֣֮УȻŲΪǿĴڣнӶ࣬ڣۺ٣𼶱ǿ߼ûһ
ҶĴλ߻ûϾԽϢܷˣȺ֮УҶҲڵȴĽݼĵ
ʱһţ̫Ҳ䣬ĹҲȥһ죬ĽݼҾȻûгһˣ˶еϷˣһ㡣
׵׻вˣⲻǿӵ𡣡
ǣ̫ӵˣ֪ҾͲˣһ죬ȥ¥ҹء


591 
Ҫ˵ˣҶҲЩͷˣĽݼǽĴ֮һҲô㣬øղ˵ĻЩ̫ӵˡ
ʱ򣬹㳡ϽϿգȻһŵ񻨣һ񻨱ըھ֮ϣγ˼ʶĿĴ֡
ףĽݴСഺפʮһʰ쵵ĴֱҫϽǵľ֮ϣϽǵˣһȫͣϵĻ́ͷžʵһ˲䡣
ףĽݴСഺפʮһھ֮ϳ˽ʮӵʱ䣬ſʼɢȥһ˵Ͻȥ
֨
ص죬ϽȴڻĿ漴ӴʮߣÿһߵΪѾﵽ˽֮
ʮӴ߳󣬷ֳŷֱվ̨ܣӲƿһ֮Զڶʮ˵ľٶڳˣȴûһ˸˵ʲô
Ͼʮ˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮ڽ֮УҲͬǿΪĵĽ񺣣һĺÿһﶼ
Ͻһ³ʮҶҲЩȣʮ֮󣬽ִӴڻ߳ʮڡ
ʮֱۣ֮֮һ̣һλ󺺴һסŮӴ˳
쿴ĽĽСˡ
ĽС㣬ǿľǧˡ
Ȼô˵ĽС㶼⵺ĵһŮܹȢĽСΪޣһҲֵˡ
󺺴Ų֮̊ϣǧˣ󺺿˵лλܹμСŮıףǲҪʱˣϿʼ
̨ϵˣǽĴ֮һĽݼļĽݸһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣһŮǽǣĽݸŮĽѩΪͬҲﵽ˽ʥ֮
ŵµˣĽݸĵ˵ͷ˵Ϊܹʡʱ䣬Ҫμӱ׵ˣΪҪﵽ֮ϡ
֮ϣ
Ϣ¶ʱһƬȻ˶һŭĿ̨֮ϵһһŮȴûһ˸˵ʲô
ȲҪ˵Ľݸݣ˵󺺵ΪѾ㹻һУһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣѾվˡ
ҶȴܹĽݸҪ󣬱Ͼǰμӱ׵ʵ̫ˣ̨μӱףôһ궼δܹʤ
ֻΪﵽ֮ϵĽ߲μӱףǾʹһˣϾܹﵽˣֱ֮٣ǧ֮ܳһδ֪
ڿʼӺһߴұ׵ĵһ
ڳΪﵽ֮˶ʼֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬ѾȫҶɨһ£ʮˡ
Ҳ˵ʮˣΪȫﵽ˽֮Ҷ컹֣ʮ֮УȻŽ۵Ĵڡ
Ҷ죬μα׵˸ոʮˣΪﵽۼǿߣһžˣʣµʮȴΪﵽ˽֮ĸ֡
ʮ˸ոձʱԶȻĵӰת֮䣬˾Ѿ̨֮£˶꣬Ͳᳬʮꡣ
˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮ĴˣֱǶҶϽĽݲ񽣵ԼĹŷ硣
̨֮£̨֮ϵĽݸһ˵ӰݼĽ
֮УϽĽݲϽˣȴҪĽѩСϺܶ౶տʼĽݲͬμӱףǼڵȴ˵ʲôҲͬ⡣
˵˵ڽڣʵһУֻҪӵ㹻ǿʵô㱲ٵҲν
ˣĽݸĵ˵ͷ˵ĸҸеܸˣȻǿʼһֱոʮ˱μӱףλոպʮˣÿһս̭ʮˣȻټһ飬̭ʮˣԴƣֱʣΪֹ
ĽݸıʽҶ뵽ϾҪʮ֮оʤְ취ˡ
ĽݸĽѩֱ뿪̨»صϽڣΪĽݸһֵıûʲôֵÿĵطΪֻܹĹھ
ĽݸĽѩ뿪֮ʣµĶʮʮҲȫŶȥʣµȴû뿪
ʮΪУǽʱмǲ˼˵֮ȥڿʼһԣϺɽܴС


592 ƺӷ
ÿһ飬ֵܿҶ죬սһۣһΪﵽǽ۵ǿߡ
ûʹʵҶͽɵĻܣһʱʮߣžİ
ʤİˣֱĴˣԼҶ죬ڵڶ֣ĽݸѾ˵ĺףҪȵܱԡ
صջڴǰž֮ϵһ£ҶʵһֱиʣǾǽֵĽѩ
˵ĽѩΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮Ҷȴ֣ϳֵĽѩΪֻǸոմﵽ֮
ֻ˱ǿϢ֣ǻˣ޷٣ȴҶ죬һΪѾﵽǽĳǿߡ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾܹжϳֵĽѩһٵģҵȥ˵֮ҶӰ˲ʧڷ֮ڡ
ϽһƧС¥ڣĽݸɫЩ̫ÿĿǰİ꣬ЩĮ˵ѩѾǧˣѵ㻹𣿡
С¥ڣһͨɫĴϣһŮ裬֬ӣϬ׶üЦٻ⣬Ŀ⣬üɻȻɣ˫ȹͨѩףŮӵòֻʮݣ㣬߻ǣѩ֮
Ůǽ񺣵һŮҲͬǴ˵⵺ĵһŮòϼ֮ϣΪҲﵽ˽ʥ֮Ľѩ
һǰĸףĽѩϲûκεı飬һλõɮ붨һ㣬κεﶼ޷ֺ
ףѾ˵ˣ֮⣬Ҳټ޵ڶٱңôֻһˡ
ŮĻĽݸɫ˲˱䣬Ӷƺ΢Ĳһ£Ҫ˵ʲôĽݸû˵
ҪףΪôΪá˵֮Ľݸкݺݵ̾Ϣһ뿪С¥
΢ϵΪĽѩһ˶ܵİٻƺĽѩ۷Բλĵͷ
磬㵽֪ҵȵĺࡣ
չ¶һ£ĽѩỺ£ɾʱĽѩɫ΢΢һ䣬ɱ˵ʲôˣ
Ľѩ
ĽѩĻ䣬С¥ںȻ߳һ꣬ȫͷ׷˵ĸоǴһ˿ء
ǵĽѩʱ˲˵أҲ΢΢ˮҲƲסƺӷһʰ
Ҷ쿴ĽѩĿʱҲʱ˵أƺͷϺݺݵһƵġ
ڻˣ磬֪ҵȵж𣿡
Ľѩһ仰Ǵ磬˲ϯҶ죬˭Ҳû˵ôĿŶԷƺҪԷһȫӡԼԺ֮һ㡣
ƺֻǹһӣҲǹһͣջҶȿʵĽѩ
ĵ˵ͷĽѩɫЩߵĻشȻǧ꣬ӰһֱļŵһλѵѾˣ
ҶȻ֪Լһ̵ôˣȴ֪һ£ԼٵһۼǰŮʱ˶оŮһʶĸо
ָоƺŮʶһ㣬ʶʱƺѾǧ꣬òҶҲ֪ô£һսĹ
Ҷʵ޷ͨս죬˶ٵծֱȴ֪һ£ǾǰŮٷ֮ս
ΪܹĸоԼǰŮǷݸоҲܹǰŮϣܵŮԼǷֿİ顣
ҶͬԼ˵ʲôҲǸծҶֱԲ˵Ҳս죬ҽҶ죬Դ½Ļĵ۹
ҶĻĽѩƺһ㣬Ķǰĺ°׷ܾ꣬ò˵˵ĺܶԣȻϢʼղ
΢΢̾Ϣһһ˲䣬ҶȻоԼһ˿ϧΪܹǰŮϣܵһ˿ˣһ˿ıˡ
һ˲䣬ҶٴνԼݺݵһ飬ҶﲻϵĸԼ񺣣ҪΪ˾ԼĽ飬Ȼõİ񽣣ʲôҪܣǸծ
ҿɲһ⣿
ĵ˵ͷȻһٸԼǸծˣǵҶܵǰŮɢǹɾϢʱﻹ̲ס
Ǽս죿
ûС
Ҷû˿Ŷսֶ󣬶սת֮˵ʶࡣ


593 С
Ϊʲôܹϸܵһ˿Ϣ
ǰգҶ켫Լĸ鱬֪ΪʲôӵһۼŮľҪȥŮú۰һĳ嶯
ս쵱걻˴ʥѹ֮еõսĴУϸܵϢ
ԭܲܽս׸ҿ
ĵ˵ͷҶԼսףݸǰŮ
˫սףĽѩ˫־ȻڲϵĲţҪ֪Ľѩôһʥǿߣһ̾Ȼȫʧˡ
ǵģսףٴθܵϢ
ˮ̲סٴ£Ľѩеսףѿ޵ϡﻩǰһˣ˵ȥսˡ
ܾãĽѩĽս׻Ҷ죬ʵȻս׸㣬ôսսҲ̳ˣ
ٴε˵ͷҶҲû˿˵ս콫еĶȫңսս
𣿡
Ľѩƺܴʳڣ֮һ˿΢Ĳ֮¶һ˿ڴҶٴһ
ͷĪһҲ֪ΪʲôҶʹ˵ûֻ경ֻأܹתɹôͿ
경ֻأ
һ䣬Ľѩ϶ʱһžϲǲ˵ӵת飬һܹתɹ
ת飿
ת֣Ҷƺʲôѹֵս챻˴ʥѹȻԻֻأҪתɹ
ϾһҪתɹֱһսȴ޷˵ȥˣԭսϸӵת飬Ҳ֪Լһɹת
лл㽫һиңһû㣬Ͻʲô
ƽĵļһ̣Ľѩٴλָı䣬ͺɽϵһȻĲɷȴֻܿܶ
ҽϲμıס
Ҷֻ˵ôһҲû˵ΪǰŮһԼ˴ǰĿڡ
ȻĻĽѩû˿ľȣȻһĮʵҪõ񽣣
ĵ˵ͷҶҲ֪޲Ե˵ûұҶ֮ˣΪܹȽ񺣳ȥұõ񽣡
Ŷ
ҶĻĽѩϲľȣϾԴǧһսܵش취Ҫȥնûʵ֡
񺣵ļλڶΪȻ˵ܹ񺣳ȥɲ֪ΪʲôĽѩȴѡš
ĽѩҲֱ˵˵ҿԾ񽣣ҲҪӦһ£Σ
ԡ
ȵһȥ͸˵ıȡİߣϵϽһ˭ӮˣȢңܹõ񽣡
ĽС㡭
Ҷ컹û˵꣬Ľѩֱٴ˵ģ㵽ʱӮ˱ͬҲ޸㣬ӽֻ֮ϵķޣ㶮𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶܲĽѩе˼Ľѩ˼ܼ򵥣ԼӮⳡףһҪһԼٷޡ
Ҷȴ֪ԼһԸ⣬ҲܾܾĽѩҪ󣬱Ͼ񽣶˵ֱ̫Ҫˡ
뵽ҶҲû˿ĳɣֱӴӦǰŮҪ󲻸κεͣҶֱ뿪С¥ڡ
ѾʧĺɫӰĽѩһӱľȻˣ˵磬İɣһѡ
ҶһԾķ֣Ľѩʵ֪սתֻ֮ĽѩûеҴѰˡ
صԼĿջֱҶ춼޷ʹԼƽ֪ΪʲôĽѩƺĸܿһ㡣
ѵѾ
ոʳڣҶݺݵıһԼﲻϵԼҶ죬㲢һˣѾ˺ܶţ㲻ȥˡ
ɾҶԺ֮лǻ᲻ϵӿֳĽѩòԼĽѩһһЦ쳯ž֮ϵŭһҶݺݵķйһ
٣ҹʲôˣò˯ˣٳСȥ㡣
ӸոһΣˣģĸ˸ӹǺء
Ҷһй¥ƺڸղţҶ鼱֮£ȻûʰסԼƣֱӽջĶƺƷһ㣬


594 
ֻһ˲䣬¥֮ϾѾ˺ܶˣһ⣬ҶݺݵĴ˻ȥ֮Ҳû˸Ѱ鷳
һҹڶ֮ʣϽںȻһϢǾǽıȡʤİڽϽ֮ھıƴ
ϽϢϽǵ˶еһ˿ϾϽھıô˭ҲⳡޱȵĴˡ
ǲô˵ϽڣϽȨĴٲҲûһ˸ҳ˵ʲô
ʱ֣ҶϽ֮ڣϽڣĽݸλ·Ľѩ·ߡ
ʮλΪﵽ۵ǿߣжʮ𣬵Ҷ˸ոսڵʱһɹɿֲѹֱѹǰϡ
жʱЦһĽݸ˼᲻֪ʮۣʮѹ¾һ۷ǿ߶޷ֵס
ֻһ˲䣬֮Ϊﵽ֮ˣȻ䱻һɹɿֲϢѹɫ԰ףֱڵϡ
ĴȻûһ㲻ɫҲ΢Щˣ֮УҲֻҶһ˰Ȼѡ
ŵµĺ°׷꣬Ľݸ߶Ե˵ͷĽݸվ˵λܹӱѾ˵˸λҲ˷ʱ䣬ǰ˻սһˣյĻʤߡ
˻ս
Ľݸ˵ıԣҶݺݵĽһ˻սôĴһ˲ȻĹھ֮ѡ
ʱҶȻĽݸߵߣΪȻ֣ߵΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮
Ĵʥ
һϽȻӵʥôĴӵʮʥǿߣҪӵеĽʥǿߣֱԺͶħĽʥᲢۡ
Ҷеһ˿صǣħʮǽȴֻĴΪﵽ˽֮û񻹲
Ҷеһֵ£ǾĽݸϣܲһ˿ǿϢĽݸվͨ޶
Ϊﵽ֮ԼӤ־֮½Ϊϣ˵ľΪﵽ֮ȫƾ־ֱӽɱ
ĴʥֲһĴʥµĽ֮Уܹнʥĳ֣ƾ˵ʵƿ
ڽѳɣλʼɡ
˵֮ĽݸĽݲʵһֱϣԼܹջʤڽϣĽݸϽʱ͸Ľݲ
ȻĽݲΪֻǴﵽ˽֮ڵʵ޷þϾ񽣾񽣣ܹΪﵽ֮ǽʥԲҲǰ֮ǿߣҲȫʹ񽣵
ǲô˵񽣶ϽǽĴĪ
ԵĽݲõ񽣵ʱ˶ױȵţ˷ֱվڰ˸ͬķλ׼Ĵս
ȻķչûӳҶϣ˻սĴһ϶Ըˡ
սûпʼĴѾվһЩĮĿǰˣʵĴǰֻǸǵİˡ
Ͼ˵ΪֻǴﵽ˽֮Ҫ˵ǰ֮еκһˣɽ˸㶨
һһڽս
ĽݲĻ𶼸Ե˵ͷȴ¶һ˿ŭ˵Ļʲôǿǣˡ
ҶȴûκεֻЦһССĽǰԻӣǶڵ˵ֻࡣ
Ĵڶˣһ˶һĽݲóҶٴЦһҶҲûʹԼɱ¾ֻǽΪȻѹڽ۷֮
۷뽣Ȼֻһȼ࣬˶֪֮ĲȴޱȾ޴ġ
ԲϷĽݸˣսĴȫΪսܿͻ˶û뵽ǣĴûܹۿٽսĿʼȻ۴Ľڽڰˡ
ЩŹ֡
ĽݸߵĴʥ֮еһߣɫЩصĿŵµİ˴ս˵


595 ʲô
ʱĲƣɫѾޱΪһ̣ոջΪֻﵽ֮ˣȻϢֱӴӽ֮˽֮
˵Ϊ˽ֱ֮˽۷֮۵ΪȻĴ˶Ҫߡ
Ĵ֪ʲô飬ʵ޷󣬸ոջֻۣΪʲô˻ͻȻ֮Ϊǡ
һ̣ж޷ƽˣҶսĽݲԽԽľΪĽݲʵ޷ǰսֱ꣬һ޵׶ʩԷӦı߳һ
ʵ߳ܶ࣬ĽݲҲ˵ʲôˣʵһ֣ʵҲűһ֣˵ʲô
ֻҪɵӶܹڲϵϷˣжʱһŭΪϽһٮٮߣĽݲôܵ޶ء
ûٳɣĽݲֱȡĽݸľ񽣣ž񽣣ĽݲɢϢȫˡ
ҾȻС㣬ȻӵŽ۷ʵҿԸ㣬ھ֮£û˿Ļᡣ
ĽݲɫЩѿϾһƵʹ񽣣ѾǶ˺ܴˡ
Ľݲ׼þ񽣶Ըģȴû뵽ǰȻƵǰʹ˾񽣡
ĽݲԼܹƾžսʤ꣬ʱԼѾ¶Ҳ˷Ҫսʤˣɾϼˡ
ĽݲѾܹĵʱɵ˺һԸϾĴ֮һľ񽣡
һԼʱпֹܱĽݲǰͺ޵Ҳ飬ֱչ
Ҷں
𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ģΪѾﵽǽҶ죬Ľݲž񽣣ҲҶĶ֣Ͼʵ̫ˡ
ЦһҶ첢ûʹ񽣣ϾϽǽ񺣵ĵ̣ý񺣵֪оȻ񽣣֪ܲ뿪Ͻ
ҶֱָӳǰĽݲȥûнգϾյͨһֱӻὫ񺣶Ʒ
ҶҲû֣ȻûʹĽ֮һʹһһССֵܹסġ
䡭
һ죬ȻĽݲߵķһ㣬ֱ䵽ĴʥµĽ֮⣬ȴҶ
¾񽣡
ʱλһʥȻʥ˱˲ֱڿն𣬳Ҷץ
ʥľٶʥĽݸÿһ˶û˵ʲôϾ񽣲һϡ
һʥǿ֣߳Ҫ˵һۣһʣ˿ĻᣬϾʥϳ˽֮ΪǿĴˡ
Ҷýʥеľ
ųԼĽʥҶ¶һ˿ЦݣӰʧԭأһ˿˿û¡
˸գʥɫ֮䣬Ϊĸ֪УȻҲҲκεӰˣҪ֪ΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮Էȴֻһۡ
ҪΪΪﵽʥͿԺ޼ɣʲôǡ
ʲôǡ
ϽȴӰڳˣ˵Ļȫˡ
ʥʲôôУ˰Ľѩ֮ڣЩ̫ˣĽѩȻ֪Ҷʵսתһûѡ
Ǿǧս죬ҲҿºڣһܹսʤһʥҶʲôΪһۼˣȻһʥ֮ȥ֪öЦ
ѩô
Ľݸû˸ղŵĽţϾڱ֮ǰѾ˵˭ԳΪŮͿԵõϽľ񽣡
Ļˣôڶؾ񽣣µʱ򻹻ϣʱܡ
Ľݸûλʥס֣ΪҲҪʵΪڳѾȫղʵ򲻿ֻĻһУͽӵо񽣵ĽĽݲˡ
ĽݸһֱиʣǾԼŮΪʲôͻȻıǧδִţһʲô⣬һ꣬ĽݸƺʲôԲŻдһʡ
ף˵ΪҿӦôﵽ˽֮򲻿һͽĽݲܡ


596 Ǻ
ŮĻĽݸҲ˵ͷΪҲѾΪֻǴﵽ˽漶֮ûдﵽ
ʱҶӰٴγڴ֮ϣոûѡʥӲϾʵ޷һʥǿ߶Կ
Ҷһʱѡ뵽ռڣΪޱȾ޴ţֻҪԼ뵤ռڣôĽݸ֣Ҳδܹҵ
Ȼ֣ʥɫѱޱȱ䣬ϸɢһ˿ɱﶼʥѾɱ⡣
񽣣ҿ㲻
ЦһҶûǰĽ񣬶תλĽݸ˵ĽǰǱף
Ȼǡ
ٸʣĽǰ˵˭ҪǵõĹھȢĽС㣬һԵõ񽣣֪ģ
Ȼǡ
ȻҴĽݲ϶ʲôԣֻҪܹⳡʤѾ񽣻ҵģ綼ҵģõкβԣ
ʳڳ˰ĽѩڣȫҶĻסˣһĿǰĺ°׷ꡣ
ĽݸΪĴ֮һĽݼҵļΪǴﵽ˽֮Ͻ֮УȨ
ϳڣϵΪǿĴڣ֮УĽݸΪǿĴڣĽݸ˵ÿһ仰ϳڶ˸κε
һ̣ȻҶĽݸ˵ѾȷˣϾһ񣬺֪
˶û뵽ǣĽݸȻû˿Ҫ˼λոսʥ׼ٴγֵʱȴĽݸֹ
˵ĺܶԣΪ˽αھ裬ϾûеõʤȽ񽣡
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûмʲôǽ񽣻Ľݸʣµ˼սĽݲΪ˺صƣʱܼμӱˡ
СӣбµȵһսܹҵУҪ˵񽣣ϷԸ㡣
ãʱҲҪֻҪӦһ¾С
ÿСӣǾ͵ȵȼ
˵֮󣬽ʥ»صԼλϣʣµˣǼʼսҶû˿أֱʹԼɱ¾һ˲ͻʣµˡ
ǽ棬ɱ¾ܲ
ҶͷųԼɱ¾ĽݸԵͷϾܹ;Բᳬʮ꣬ʮĶǽ㵽ĶĴڡ
ӦÿԵõˡ
С
ûеĽݸ˵ʲôոʥȻ˵˻Ҷɫ˲䣬ٺõƢҲᱻ
԰꣬ȻҶܹˣôα׵ʤ߾ҲӦø˵֮ĽݸҲܶϵķԣֱӽ񽣸Ҷ졣
ãҶ죬ɸһսǾ仰ֻҪܹУұӦκ顣
δʣ
Ҷ죬λĽݶϣλֱĽݴϣĽĳĽﳤϡ
ǿʼɣΪޣܽ£ϣʱ򶬳ϲҪ
ߣ㻹ܲܽҵһаɡ
˵֮ĽݶֱӳҶȥλʥȴûʹԼĽϾʥΪȻֶԷһ棬ѾǿڶýĻôⳡԼѾټȥˡ
жʱЦһȡոյõľ񽣣Ҷû˿ĳɣֱʹ֮УһƷͨ졣
κεĹҶ춼ϲýԾҶһǴ֮ڻû
һӳ˲併ͣ˶оĹǺĽݶҲɫһ䣬ʵû뵽Ȼܹʹ˵Ƚ
һ˲䣬ֱײϽƺһ£Ľݸѳֲóһ㻤֣˵һ̵Ͻѱ׻
һУĽݶϣҲһ
˵Ҷеľٴλӳʶ꽣Ľݶд󣬴ʮ־񣬳ٴȥҲӳһ
ڶУĽݶȻûʹýΪֻƾŽ棬ܽһҪ˵ʵﻹ治
ٴһ죬Ҷ漴˺ʮɫѱĲ԰ޱȣĽݶȴҲȻϿȥûκε˭ҲܹóʵĽݶҲһ¡


597 ǰ
һʥһˣ
ǰһصˣ˶ŵΪǲԼ˻þϾ뽣ʥ֮䣬һԽĺ蹵
ҲòϣĺǿΪܹﵽ֮ҿҪ㶼̫ܡ
ĽݶĻһڳ˰ĽݸڣȫЩȣǱ˵˻һΪǸ˲ɵ˾ӽˮˡ
˵˻ȴһʵĽʥǿߣһ̣˿ǰ°׷ѾȫĲһˡ
ϾܹһʥǿһսˣܣôҲ٣ʱĽݶȴ֪ʲôطȡһһͨѩ׵Ľ
ѾǧˣûһܹϷ޷סϷһʱϷҲԲΪ㣬ѩеӰ
Ҳһ˿أȻҶԸԼΪǲô˵ǰ߶һΪﵽһǽʥĳǿߡ
Ϊﵽһǽʥ֮ھͿȫԼʥģʱԭӵе֮תΪ֮
ĽݶĳѩеӰ񼶹ףҪǰĺ꽫Ƶϣ˵ʲôҲʹѩеӰ
ԵĽݶȻҪʹԼĳѩеӰʱ˶ΪеϧϾѩеӰһǽʶҪˡ
ĵܣô㶼Ҫ
ʱĽݸߵĽݴ˵Ĵʥ֮УΪߵҲҪĽݴΪѾﵽ˽ʥԲҲǰ֮
ϽһٴʥԲǿߺпͻƽʥ֮ﵽǿ֮λ֮Ľݴ״ﵽǸ߶ûУûһ֪
ĻĽݶĵ˵ͷûҪɱ꣬ϾʵѾõĳϡ
Ҷȴʱ˵Сսȴûһҵ֮УֻûôҶȫԸϣ㵽ʱҲܾ
ҶĻڳһĽݶһ̣λʥǿ֮¶ȴһ˿ͣ˵ͷ˵СģѩеӰ
һ
ǿ߿ٵĳĽݶѩеӰոʹںȻĽһһͺ뽣Ӱغһ㡣
ҶʹһϾǽʵȻܹʹյ֪ͨ鷳
Ҷȴ֪ʹһôֵܵסĽݶѩеӰϾ뽣ʥ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
һһָ˲飬һֲռ䣬䡭һ죬Ҷٴεһ˶ƺվסˡ
ĽݶеĽٿԶ꣬еױȣȻ꣬ȴ֪һվʵˡ
ˡ
ĽݶĻո˵ڣʱȻһһʥʲôЦҲԲϾȻд˵顣
λˣĽݸĽѩԼʥȫսϾ˵Ϊȫﵽ˽ʥ֮ĽݸΪǴﵽ˽֮˶ڸոʹĽŸ̵ᡣ
Ȼǽգܹӵеľͨ
ţĽݸһ˿˷ܣʼɣȴǸΪΪûдﵽ֮Ҳӵнľͨ
˵ʲôͷȻܹʹգ
Ĵʥ֮׵ĽݴȻʵΪմ˵ͨһʲô
ΪΪֻдﵽ֮Ӵ򣬲ſԽʵںϣȻγһͨǽա
Բڴ½⵺ʵĻֶˣΪﵽ֮ÿһֱ죬ϾһΪﵽǽǿߣҪɱһһǽǿߣ̫ѵ顣
֪ȻҶΪֻǴﵽ˶ǽ֮ƾŽյͨԿһǿ߿⣬ҶҪɱһʶ̫ѵ顣
ҡҡͷĽݸ֪굽ʲô·أϾܹӵһţʵźô
ܹʤһҪлǰ顣
ҶɫȻЩ԰ףȴûʲôˣҶǰߣһ˿øУˡ
СӲԷƱܹӵнͨҪɱ㣬¸ĴҲԤϣǳǰˣΪ


598 һ
õһʥͣҶû¶˿Ľݶȴ˻ȥղŵԼҲһֲᡣ
иеһЦҶҲû˵ʲôϾһ˿øУҪϽھѽ飬鲻̫ˡ
ĽǰǲѾõα׵Ĺھ
ȻҶα׵ھ֮Ͻھл񣬵ʱҽǰһμӻ񡣡
ҶʱζȫΪĴ֮һĶҲǽ񺣵ǧǰսס
Ҷ֪ʱԼ񺣵Ļô׸òԼνĸףϾսת֮
Ҷ챻ŵһƧСԺ֮ڣΪҪ֮ŻУ˵ҪϽ֮ٴ졣
СԺڣҶһԺڣеľ񽣣һ̣ҶɫЩ̫ÿϸһ˿ɱ
տʼҶ첢ûкúϸ۲񽣣ȵһ˵ʱҶϸϸļһеľ񽣡
Ҷеһ˿ŭǣոǧõľ񽣣ȻһðαӲƷϸ޷ʵǼٵġ
Ҷ죬𣿡
ʱСԺȻһûеҶ˵ʲôԺ֮⻺߽һŮĽѩ
ôҶѾӮα׵ھҶĽѩѾǷޣֻһʽˡ
ڷŭ֮еҶ죬ȻĽѩҶӱĮʵʲô
Ľѩɫʱһ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ĮĽѩȻʵ㣬Ҫһôٷ޵顣
ٷޣһ㣬Ͻ˲
˵ʲô
ĽѩҶûͷûԵһ䳹׸ŪͿˣʵ벻ףΪʲôոջúõ꣬һת۶ԼϽ̬Ϸ˸ı䡣
Լɡ
˵Ҷ콫еľ񽣵ݸеľ񽣣Ľѩǲ֪׷ʲô룬ʵôˣʲô˵
ߣǼٵġ
ʲôǼٵģܡ
ҶĻĽѩܵĻشܣϾԾֹģ˵Լĸ׻ƭôĽѩš
Ҳϣҿˣϧ񽣵ȷǼٵġ
ɫѱޱΪĽѩǰǲЦģϾûиϽϣǵս춼ԡ
һһʱ䣬һ֮һ㡣
ĵ˵ͷղҪΪԼϷˣˣҶһʱ֮еЩߣϽ޳ܣô˵ĽݸһʵĽ
½֮ϣн𣬼ȻĽݸΪα׵ĽôӦòֽš
뵽ҶڲĮҲ㲻ᣬ˵ϣϽܹһ˵ҵһʱ䡣
ĵ˵ͷĽѩһɫҲЩأеľǼٵĻô¿ɾִˡ
ģһ
˵֮Ľѩٵ뿪СԺΪ¹ش󣬱Ͼ񽣶ϽԼ񺣶Ҫĵλ
Ľѩ뿪֮ҶСԺһСҶȡ񽣣Ŵɢһ˿˿һ̣ҶӵȷǱǼٵġ
Ϊ֮ϣҶܲܵϢô˵񽣶Ĵ֮һ񽣵ϢͬҲƵĵط
ûȥ񽣵飬Ͼһ֮ͻ֪Ҷڵϣʼ
ϽߵһԺڣĽѩɫޱѿĿǰĽݸʵǼٵģ븸װҽһ¡
ڼµĽݸŮĻ˶Щŭ˵˵ʲôǼٵģ
ĵ˵ͷֻҪһ׵̬ĽѩѾ֪ԲǸΪʵ벻ͨϽ˸֮⣬˭񽣡
ף·ͬСɣһĶˣôҪص޶ĺ·
ĽݸɫҲΪ֮һ䣬Ͼ궫񽣵飬ֱڻһЦҶԶʵҲŲСĴ
һ


599 һ㲻飬鲻һ
ף㻳Ľݼϣ
ĵ˵ͷȻĽݸҲԸţȴ֪°ٷ֮Ľݼϸɵġ
ףһǼϸɵģǸô
ɫЩأǱ˸ɵģôĽݸϽȨȫԽɱϾϽûһ˸վ˵һ䷴ԵĻ
ȴĽݼϣһΪͬǴﵽ˽֮ĳߣһƹϽִĳϡ
һķҪ˵Ͻ½ҲĴڣĽݼİô¾൱鷳ˡ
ô񽣱ҪûϽȫˡ
Ǹף
Իᴦ߰ɡ
ĽݸŮϽһȥܿ죬˱Ѿһǰ֮дִ֡
ִ֪кιɣ
ʱִںȻһ̲Ľѩɫ˲ת䣬Ҫǹ˼ɶԷݣ˵ͳȥԷһˤˡ
ϣһ²𡣡
㲻˵ˣ֪ΪʲôھͿԸ㣬ҵİ
仰ĽѩԸоϺȻ䱬һʵԵɱֻһ˲䣬ɱȫɢ
ʱǰȻһߣߵĶͷϣһ鶾ըȥƺͷһ㡣
Ȼֵ߲ǱˣΪﵽ֮ƹִĳĽݼɫЩ̬ƺһӣ˾߿ֻҪһͻᵹȥһ㡣
ߣĽݸĽѩ˶ǳǰ߹һ񣬲ô˵ڱ֮ϣȷҪ˺ܶࡣ
ϣ֪ΪҪ߾񽣣
ΪʲôҪԼɡ
Լ
ߣǺ
Ȼ֪к⣬Ľݸǻش˽Ĵ֮һϽ
Ŷԭ㻹֪ϽһΪ㶼ˡ
˵Цˣôܻǡ
ҿǸˣҪȻΪʲôҪѾ񽣰װ͸ˡ
һֱûп˵ĽѩȻ俪ʵʼϣˣ
Ľѩһ仰ֱʵ˵ˣΪȻ񺣷ΪĴ壬ҲνĴǽȴһֱһġ
ҽһֱĴ֮׵Ҷƹܣ干֮ͬԽ񺣸һ壬Ľݼ˵ʱ˵Ļ¾ΪѾﵽ˽֮ʱҲһۡ
ĴŸԵһֱϽȴҪ˫ַ͸һתСӣ˵ʲôҲӦ
ɾ񽣱ϾѾҵˣץŲţ֪ʲô˼
ʱ򣬴Զһ꣬ȫȴͷ׷ǸոոҶ죬ԴĽѩߺҶԽԽĲԾβĽѩ
ԼĵռڣΪѾﵽ֮ĽݸĽݼ򣬶ûܹĵҶ첻ôԶֲ
°׷꣬˶סˣĽѩһ˿ϾλִϵƢ
ĽѩһĸʹɫҶƺûпһ㣬Ȼٵǰ˵λĽǰ
Ľݸĵ˵ͷĽݼɫЩȵʵǸӮ˱ھСӣ
ûҡ
ܲ
Ľݼһ仰ҶûʲôоĽݸĽѩȴһˣΪ֪ϴûпʲôˣǽȴĵͷһ⣬ͺһʮŮƴһ
ʵҶ֪ǰΪʲôϾԼִΪѾﵽ֮ûвĽݼ򲢲ɵӡ
лǰ佱
ֽҶ죿
ԡ
ûǴĻǧǰҶƺҲһҶˣֻǸӽԼָĳս죬ϲʶˣ
ϣע˵ս첢ӡ
ûеҶ˵Ľѩɫޱȱǰٸ˵սһ仵ͻȥҿƵġ
΢΢һ̾Ľݸûж˵ʲôΪ˽ԼŮˣһ㲻飬鲻һ㣬ǧǰԼŮս죬˵İֱǾ񣬸񺣾˽֪
ʵǸս죬ĽݸﻹǺ͵ģϾܹΪһˣսٶȿǹ˵ġ


600 һζԿ
Ǹս죬Ľݼһ˿񣬲Ľѩӣûٳˡ
Ҳʶʲôս졣
Ҷ첻ɵӣֻҪǰߵ飬Ѿ֪ս쵱ڽǶôۣѹսҪ½ˡ
ղ˵ģ
ĵ˵ͷҶܶԷǲһΪУ˭ҪǸԼĶԷһҲɱ
شȴһɿֲѹĽݼɫ˲ת䣬ϺȻһǿϢֱӽҶ֣Ϣ֮Уһ˿־С
ĽݼҲĺܣϾԷΪֻǸոմﵽ˽֮ȴһʵĽȫͷųԼϣҪ˵һ棬ǽʥδضֵܹ
ǽ飬ĽݼȲѣˣҲˣΪҶվԭأƺһ㡣
Ȼֵܹסϵϣպĳɾ;֮ϡ
ǰһƽĺ°׷꣬ĽݸԵ͵֪ǰĺ꣬ʵǵս죬ֻ֪θ롣
ԾĻҪĽݼ򣬱ϾոͷųϢʲôֻ֣ոͷų߷ֵѹ
һͷų߷ѹҪ˵һССĽ棬¾һʥҲֵסǰȴӲĵֵ
û˿ĳɣʧֵĻôҪһͿˣ߷ֵѹӵʮ֣һߵĽѩɫʱ䡣
ϣ顣
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ĵһҶʱеһɿֲϢֱѹƺؼȫ˲ѹԼʵҲƺֵס
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ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾܵϢʲôˣΪΪﵽ֮ӵ־
־ȫɱκˣǽʥǿߣһǰҲԿɱ
κεĳɣҶϺȻһɱ¾֮սҲϣɾҶ컹ǱϢѹ͸
ɾʱɿֲѹȴʧӰ٣ҲȥҲ죬սףǴʲôطõģ
Ľݼ򣬾ĽݸҲĶҶϵսףΪﶼӵս״ʲô
սһӵһս񽣣һսף˵ս׵ķǽ޷ƿ
ս쵱걻˴ʥѹɽ󲻹ս׻ս񽣣Ҳ˱ѹɽ
һ̣񿴼Ҷϵսʱɫбˣս׳ǲҲԤʾսҲˡ
ҶɫҲ΢΢һҲû뵽ԼڽͷȻʹսףһȥˡ
ҶҲû˿˵λǰսѾ䣬֮ʣս״ڸҡ
˵ʲôսˣ
ǰĻĽݸĽݼ˵鶼Ǵ䣬ĽݼȻǲϲս죬ȴս񺣴ʲô
ս죬Ҷ죬ҶҼҲǽһΪѾﵽ۷ĳǿߵ׶ӣţԲʮﵽ˽֮
ʮ꣬ս޷ԼĽ飬һ̵սѳΪ񺣵ǿߡ
ǧǰ񺣵֪սȻѹÿһ˶鱯ߣȻսѾ˽񺣣˭Ҳ֪սǲܳ׵뿪񺣡
ȴ˭ս죬Ҳʹǧ񺣾Ȼûһ˸ɽȳս졣
һ̣սȻѾ䣬ͬʱ뵽˽Ľݸʵ㽫ľһһʮȫ˵Ҫ˵©һ䡣
ĵ˵ͷҶ콫Լһ飬ȫǰ֮УҲֻĽѩҶĹƪ
ʵĽѩ֪Ҷǵսתֻ֮ڵҶ컹ûѰˣҶĺ죬ĽѩҲûгڽҴˡ
Ҷ˵֮Ľݸɫص˵û뵽ս˸ңΪ֤񺣿Ȼս½гɣ㱻˴ʥѹɽҲһعҽ񺣡


601 һ
Ľݸս죬ĽѩЦ֪Ҷսת֮ҲᱻҶϷŪ
ǰǲǸȰѾ񽣻ˣ
ϽΪʲôҪ㣿
˻Ҷɫʱһޱȱ˵ȻξΪ׵ĽҲα׵ʤôӦң֪ǰƾʲô
ҿԸһᣬܹһôҾ͸㣬Σ
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ûеҶ˵ʲôĽѩֱ˵ϾȻҶսת֮ǲô˵һҶΪֻǸոմﵽ˽֮
һΪﵽǽˣһǾͺһֻ࣬ҶĽݼһ޷ܵס
ĽݸɫҲЩѿ˵ϣô˵㶼һǿߣֶԷһ֮꣬ȥᱻЦġ
Ҫõ񽣣Ҫӵеõ񽣵ʵһ֮޷ܵסôҲõ񽣡
ҴӦβĽݸĽѩ˵ʲôҶֱӴӦ
Ҷ졭
ˣзִ硣
Ľѩ˰֣Ҷᶨ˵Ľǰ˵ĺܶԣĽǰһ޷סôҲӵоˡ
Ҷ˵Ľѩ˵ʲôҲֻñտڲ˵Ϊ˽⵱սƢȻҶսת֮ôҶƢòҲܹ֪
͵ĵ˵ͷĽݼ˵ܹһҲ񽣽㣬һ޳Ӧһ¡
ǰ˵Ƿ棿
ĽݼĻҶдϲΪǰ񺣣ҪΪ˽ѣĽȻĸҲ˵ҪԼĽ飬ͱҪͨĴ
ǵսʮʱȴûгɹѽ飬Ҳ뿪˽񺣣Ҫѣ²ûôףϾѹʮꡣ
ĽݸĽѩ˵ʮңҲʱĽݼȡԼ񽣣ǰĺ°׷꣬ѵҲ۸㣬һҲᶯ־ҲҪСġ
ĵ˵ͷȻĽݼʹ־Ҷ֪һʹһεȾ޴
ɫЩأҶս״ϣһεֲս⣬ڸתת
ԴΪﵽ֮ҶľתҲ˵תҲѾﵽһֲĵز
ҶޱȵţսӾתҪԵһҲֵܹһ
ں֢״£Ľݼˣһֱնʼ΢Ĳףֻһ˲䣬Ѿ䵽Ҷϡ
û˿һһε󣬿¾һΪﵽʥǿߣҲֵܵ
ոҶϣҶߵķһ㣬ֱӳžȥֺݺݵˤڲԶĵ¡
Ҷ졣
һһգ۵ʱ䣬ĽѩѾʧԭأҶߣһҵ꣬Ľѩ˵Ķ
Ϊ֪Ҷиʲộʱûѵӵת飬Ҳתɹˡ
ϣ̫ˡ
ĽݸɫҲ˲ˣȻĽݼ˵ʹ־Ľݼȴû˿飬һ£һȫһǲʹ־һҲ޷ӵ
ûоԼʲô֣ղ˵õģܹҵһôҾ͸ҪǽӲ¶ȥĻôԲ𣬾˵ʲôҲύ
㡭
ףҶû
ûеĽݸŭĽѩɫĺֻոջϢȫ޵ĺ꣬ȻôĻӵ
ȻЩǲô˵Ҷ컹ǽһһûбԼһɱ꣬Ľݼд˲š
ǰѾһǷԽ񽣻ˡ
Ӣ۳꣬ȻûнѱӵʵҲ
˻Ľݸɫ䣬ڽ񺣣һѵһûоѵ֮Ĳൽж
񺣵Ľѣһ㶼ʮ꿪ʼѣҲǾԵģе˿ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮŻѽ顣
ʲôʱֻҪѣôڵĵͻһԼĽ飬ӵеĽˣս֮ȫƾ轣ǿɱͬǿߡ


602 
Ȼûнѣ
Ľݸڣһǧ֮УҲֻһܹɹѽ飬Խڣܹѵ֮١
ڽڣûоѽĻôһ£˵ΪҲﵽ̫ߵľ磬һʶ⡣
һֱĽݸΪѾԼĽ飬ϾΪѾﵽ˽֮û뵽ǣȻûнѡ
һûоѽĽ棿
һ뵽ĽݸǰҲһˣΪڽ񺣣ǧûнȴܹﵽ߾ˣ˵ս⣬Ҳֻǰˡ
ľ񽣣ĺڴ㽣ѵһ̡
˵֮Ľݼֱӽľ񽣸ŴɢϢҶڷ
ǰȻѾһǲǿҪһ£
Ȼ
ϣʱܹϽھԼĽ顣
ҪĽݼƺûκεľȣĽݼҲû˿ԥֱӴӦϾһνʽϽ˵һ̫ѵ顣
ĽݼҲûֱ뿪صִڣĽݼĻʲʱҪѣֻҪ֪һɡ
õ˾񽣣ҶҲصԼСԺڣȻոսĽݼһҲ˺صƣʱεĻ˵ɲСˡ
СԺڣһ໨ʯϡ
Ҷһ໪ʯϣڲϵתžתתȫѨʱ䣬ҶڵƲȫָ
ѾȫõھͲˡ
һ˿ϲãҶҲû뵽Լ뽣񺣣Ȼ׵ľ͵õĴ֮һľ񽣡
ҶǰǰϽ
ʱ򣬶ԺȻһѹҶĽѩĻҲʼΪ˾񽣣˵ʲôҶҲĽѩס
ʱҶԼͦ޳ܵģ΢΢һ̾ҶҲֻĽѩ˵һǸˣŶԺ˵֪ˣϵ
Ͻ
Ľݸ¶һ˿Цݣǰվ󺺣
Ϊ˸ҶĽѩлĽݸνǷѾ˼ȻĴҲȫ˹
ϲĽ֣ѩϲǿǧ֮ãǵˡ
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ϾĽѩӦĶϱȴиĶӣȻûܹɹѽ飬һ񺣡
ÿ뵽ԼǸĶӣҶֲУΪˣ㽣񺣵֪Ҷ챻˴ʥѹҲûκ˳֡
лһ䣬ĽݸҶߵһû˵ĵطĽݸɫЩǵ˵Ҷ֣һϢҪ㣬ϣܹͦס
ǰӵĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿棬ϾĴΪѾﵽ˽֮һ㶼ǵķۡ
Ľ֣ʲôֱ˵һû˵ô
Ҷ֣սֶѾˡ
䣬ĽݸܹĸܵǰӵһҶȴ˵ǻҺθɣ
˵֮Ҷֱ뿪ˣĽݸȴ֪ȻҶû˿һĲѣô˵Ҷһ֮Уֻôһӡ
΢΢һ̾ĽݸҲû˵ʲôϾ˵ʲôҲ˼ҵļ£һ˲˵ʲô
ʱҶĽѩҲˣҶոսϽҶɫʱ䣬ֱŭӣ˭뽣񺣵ġ
ӣ
ҶĻֱȫͣеһУһĿʵ벻ͨһƢܺõˣΪʲôʧ̬
Ҷ쿴ԼĴʱ˾Ȼסˣ֪Ϊʲô֮ͥȻκεķſ֮ġ
òҶҲ֪ԼǰĴʲôˣһսף񺣵һΪѾﵽ˽֮ĳǿҶ
ҶŪˣҶȻսͬɵĵȷȷǵǸս졣
Ҷ֣ĽݸмɫЦݵ˵ȻϽĽݸȴԼĵλǰ󺺱һľ룬ϾҶǶһ񺣵
Ľ֣ǸղҵģνǸѾϢ


603 ҪɱҶ
Ҷ֣ҿһǸˣȷĶӡ
ߣΪԼĶӶʶ𣿡
ҶĻĽݸʱƿԣ룬ĽݸҲЩԾˣϾҶԼʵԲ޹ʷʸġ
Ľݸһߵ꣬ЩĮʵ㵽˭
ҡ
ң
ĻҶɫ˲ޱӰһֲϢֱӽϽϢ֮Դһ˿־
Ҷ岻ɡ
ҶȻˣĽѩ϶ʱ󾪣Ϊ˽ҶΪˣȻܹսϳ񺣣ôһӶսص񺣡
ҶΪѴﵽ˽Բֻ֮֮һҶҪɱҶ죬ôĽѩҶͨ쳹֮ܣµʱҲɡ
Ľѩлֹ
Ƿ񶨵ģȻĽѩΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮һԲǿǰͺһСվһǰʹһ㡣
ȴҶȴһƬոոܵԼֲܿϢ֮ҶѾ㵽Լĵռڡ
һգҶҲһ˿ȣȻղŵһûʹȫҲѾʹ˰˷Ҫ˵һ棬һʥҲᱻ˲ˡ
ʵոյһ֮УҶû֣ô˵һֻ֮ôһӣ˵ʲôҲֽܳɱ
ҶеԾҲʱеһ˿˼飬ʵ޷뵽Ȼ˿һʧ
ҲǵĶս죬ҵֽҶ죬ûŪ˵
ʱҶȻٴγڴ֮ڣɫЩ˵ȻҶףǰ˵ҲףϾսת֮սĸףʵҲĸס
Ҷͬô㵽ʱҶҪɱҲܻ֣ϾԴӣȴɱ
ߣҪΪҲ֪Ȼѹɽ֮תҲһת˰ٻأֻһãһףƿڵķӡ
ҶĻҶжʱһԼѹɽȻ½Ͼ˽֪⵺ô֪
ҶԸ˲־ս죬һ̣Ҷ֪ս챻ѹںεأֻ֪˰
Ҷȴûһ˿ô˵ս챻ѹɽ֮£ܹ棬ǰ˴ŵİλʥҲκε顣
ǧѾȥ񺣾Ȼûг֣ҶѾ㵽ʱԼܹѣҲԲصҶ¡
˵ûսת֮ȴѾս죬ԼԼѾҵĸףҲĶӡ
һӡ
ҶĻҶЦӰٴʧԭأһʵʵҶϣҶʱߵķһ㣬ݺݵײ˴ǽ֮ϡ
Ҷ졣
϶ʱ󾪣Ľѩʵû뵽ҶȻûж㣬ʵʵڵĳһ֮Ҫ֪ǿһһƣ֮󣬿ƿֲ
ҶΪֻǸոս֮ôܳܵסһһƣҶܹ֮סĽݼһȫΪսת˫ر
һ̣ҶϼûʹսףûתתһȥҶôֵܵס
˸ϵһ˿˼ǣҶȻӵȻϵĻҳǻһ˿Ѫ
ɫЩҶ쿴ǰĴ󺺣ޱĮ˵һսܣǰսҶ֮ʲôԹһǶǷҶҲһ̿ʼս֮ĸӹϵ׾ѡ
ҶĻصڴÿһ䣬ڳȫһ㶣Ҷɫˣ漴ٴγ֡
ĽѩƺѲµֱӵҶǰҲЩĮ˵Ҷ壬ﲻô˵Ͻһٶĳ֣ǲЩ̫ˡ
ѩ񡣡
ĽѩĻĽݸ˲һҶʲôˣǿ񺣵ĵһˣ˭ҶײҶ
Ľѩƺûһ㣬Ȼ˵Ҷ壬㽫սϳҶңôʵսѾҶûκιϵҶϾҪɻ飬ʱҶȻȻΪĽݼҵˣҶǽ񺣵Ҳɱ˰ɡ
ĽѩĻҶһʱ֮Ҳ޻˵ˣΪĽѩ˵һ㶼ûдϾսѾҶҡ


604 Ĺ
ҶûлشĽѩĻתͷĽݸʵϽˣ
ɫЩѿĽݸû˵ϾҪҶϽˣôպ󶫽Ͻ֮ĹϵƱػѡ
ԼϵĻôĽݸԼʱ򲻽ʧȥһŮͬʧȥһŮ
Ҳֱһ̣ĽݸףΪʲôԼŮͻȻͬףһҶģԭһԭڣҶʵսתֻ֮ҪҶܹѣô൱սˡ
˼ǰ֮£ĽݸջǾԼŮĻϾ׵ĻԼĶŮ˵Ҷ켴ѩ飬ôҶϽˣԻҶ顣
ܺãȻҶϽˣ̤붫һұɱ֮
ɾҶ׼뿪ʱʱҶȻ˵ȵȡ
ҶոһڣĽѩɫͱˣｹѣʵ벻ͨòʹҶٳ֣ΪʲôҶ컹Ҫȥǡ
Ҷ˱Ƶֱӿ˵ȻѾҶҵˣȻʸнѡ
ҶĻҶʱЦޱȳ˵Ҫѽ飿ܹԼĽ𣿡
Ҷڵ˰ĽѩڣһĲţϾҶѽʧܵ飬Ѵ񺣡
Ȼһսת֮ѾȻֻҪһνʧܵˣôһһٽѡ
Ҷ˵ǰҲһΪԼĽ޷ѣȴһˣͨӡħʥ˵֮޷ѣΪĴ飬ܹͬʱĴ飬ܽѡ
㲻ҪǷܹѣҪѣһ㣬㲻ᷴ԰ɣ
ڣÿһ߶һԼѵĻᣬȻҶ쵱ѾйһΣǰҶѾתôӵһνѵĻᡣ
ԶҶҪʵҶǽ񺣵ҲܾܾʱҶȴ˵ҿԴӦ㣬ҪӦһ£Ҳ㽣ѡ
á
֮һһĹֻҪܹȡһ߽ܣôұнѡ
Ĺ
Ĺ֣϶¶һ˿𾪣ĽѩֱӺ˵Ҷ壬ѵҪҶŸ𣿡
ߣѾѹһΣԼܹԹ˭ٸһλᣬôһûнѵˣǶ½ѡ
Ľѩƺ뷴ʲôҶȴ˵ҿԴӦ㣬ȴҪӦһ¡
ԡ
ܹӽĹ֮еõһ佣ܣôҪӦңʱĴҪΪҳҿĴھԼĽ飬Σ
ҶĻ˰Ľѩڣȫ¶һ˿ɻ󣬲ҶҲû˿ԥֱӴӦ
Ͼ˶Ϊһ˾ȻӵĴ飬Ļ̫ˣҶڿĴΪҶѽ飬ΪҶȫȨ
ҶĽѩĻݲ£Ͻ⣬˰Ҷڣ뿪Ͻ
СԺڡ
ĽѩɫЩصĿǰ꣬Щǵ˵֪Σգ
Ϊ˽ѣҿһУڻǸҽĹԼܵɡ
¶һ˿ᶨĽѩֻ΢΢һ̾ʼ񺣵룬һΪĹĵط˵нǰǵĵطֻҪΪܹﵽ֮ϵǰ󶼿Խ뽣Ĺ֮ڡ
ǵĵطֻΪﵽ֮ϵǿߣſԽ뽣ĹҶõĹ֮һŽ񼶱ǿߵʬǡ
ƺԼµеɻĽѩ˵µĺܶԣĹ֮ڣŽʬǣһŽʬ壬Щʬ嶼ԼʶȴʶֻҪǵĵ̣ôǾͻṥ㡣
񺣵˽뽣ĹҲᱻ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷĽѩɫЩص˵ûЩǰʬԼ걻뽣Ĺ֮ڣʶͻäʶǿɲǲǽ񺣵˶ֹ㣬Щ֮ʵ㲻ǰʵҲ١
ҶҲЩأȻں֮µ֮һʥԼô죬ûŵԻɱһ


605 Ĵ
Ҷٴʵʲô
ڽڣֻҪΪܹﵽ֮ҳɹѽˣڵĽΪһ߿ܣʵȱΪ
˵ʲô൱ڱΪ
ҶɫҲЩˣΪһǿܹһ߽ܣô൱񼶱ǿߡ
Ҳ˵񺣵һǿ½ϵһǿսô񺣵ĽǿֻҪʹܣô൱һжô½ϻ˭ǽ񺣵ĵ֡
ƺܹ뵽ǰе뷨Ľѩ˵Ϊܹﵽ֮δؾܹԼĽܣҸףȻΪҲѾﵽ˽֮ȴûܹɹԼĽܡ
ĽѩĻҶﲻ֪ΪʲôȻһ룬ô޵УһսҲ䡣
ҶǷѾԼĽܣ
ĵ˵ͷĽѩû˿ֱ˵Ҷǽ񺣣Ϊ֮µһˣΪѾﵽ˽Բ֮ɹѽ飬ҸԼĽܡ
Բ
Ҷﲻ֪ʲôζȻս뿪˽񺣣Ҷȴףô˵ʼնǽ񺣵ˣҶʼնס
ΪܹﵽԲҲܹӴһ˿ҶţҶԲ֮ǿߣҲһս֮
Ҷģ֮뽣ĹĲֹһˡ
Ŷ
ÿ꣬Ĵ˽֮ȻĹ֮вأҲǻԵϣܹŴôΪͻͽ
ĵ˵ͷҶ֪ĹȻΣգȴҲһĺûᣬʵĴһɶ˽뽣Ĺ
ÿһɳ߽뽣ĹΪһ¡
ĽѩĻ֪ΪʲôҶָоǾҶ뽣Ĺʵһ¡
ҶҪأô뽣Ĺ֮ڣϾܹӽĹȡܣôΪһ
ôҶ춼лҶô˵ҶԼϳ˽񺣣ҾڸղţҶ־û˿֣Լʱܣ˵ѱɱˡ
ĽѩĻҶԼѽ飬Ϊﵽ֮ӵڴΪܾԲͬѪɷܡ
ܿ˵ǱܣҲ˵ǵڶԼĸ飬Ϊܹﵽ֮ô˵ľ߽ܡ
һ뵽ԼΪܹﵽ֮ľ߽ܣǸʱ൱ĴټԼǾӵ
ҶޱȵţԼܹľ߽ܣô֮»˭Ķ֡
Ľѩ뿪СԺҶһ˶ΣҪ뽣Ĺ֮ڣڶһһᡣ
ϣɡ
ʱҶžȻ˵һЦֻĽݼѾСԺڡ
ǰôˣ
˼Ҳˣ
ǵûУǰ
ĵ˵ͷĽݼҲֱԲʵ˵֮Ҫ뽣Ĺˣ
û
ܹ뽣ĹҲδһ£ϾĴÿ궼˽뽣Ĺ֮
һ㣬Ҷ֪Ҷû뵽ǣڲǰԼֵĽݼ򣬾Ȼһ̶ϵԼˡ
ǰһ顣
ʰɡ
ʣһܹӵĴ𣿡
ܡ
ҶĻĽݼ붼ûֱӻشΪڽ񺣣һձĳʶһܹѳɹôҲֻһ飬ܳĸ
ƺ뵽ʲôĽݼɫ䣬һŵʵҶ죬˼˵Ĵ飿
ĵ˵ͷǰߣҶû˿ô˵ﶼǽ񺣣ļңҶɲţ񺣳Ҷ֮⣬˭֡
ǰͷĽݼֱӴʯվд𾪣ƺҲЩʵҶ죬ɲǿЦ㵱Ĵ顣
ٴε˵ͷȻҶҲȷԼǷӵĴ飬ҶȴѡӡħʥԼ˵ԼӵĴ飬ôĴһͬһĴ顣
ȻҶ֪ҶѾӦѽ飬ǵʱԼҪĴͬʱѣһۣǰ㣬˵


606 
ٴȷϣĽݼ򷴶侲Ҷܹǰϸܵһ˿ƽ
Ҷ죬ҿʵ㣬Դӽ񺣴ûһ˿ӵĴģ˴񺣵ڣڣҲֻ顣
񺣵ڣ
ҶҲЩݣϾܹ񺣵ˣǸʲôӢۺܣƺеɻĽݼ˵괴񺣵ڣҶҵˡ
Ȼ
һ㣬Ҷû˿ĸеȣϾһֱҵľҶңûģ˵ʲô
ǰ֪񺣵λڣΪﵽʲôľ磿
ںճʥضʼڵʣȻ󲻶ϵ׷ɱڣǵھȻһ˹һ˽񺣡
ʥأǽʥ֮ĹϵҲǺܺá
ֹãֱˮݣǽ񺣣ʥУ֮ʥصͨͻῪչǽų˹ʥأѾ֮ǧ꣬һǽ񺣾ûвμӡ
֮󣿡
˵֮ҶӻȡһƣǵõʥʥĽݼɫٴһ䣬ʵεõʥ
ҶҲû˿ֱӽ飬һһʮȫǰߣϾҲʲôֵĴ顣
ҶĻĽݼ˵ÿһʥذʥһȷѪֻ꣬Ҫʥ룬ʥصͨŻῪʱ˾ͻṥʥء
ԭˡ
ЩҶǰǰ飬ԭʥ֮԰ʥҪõõʥ˽ʥԭΪʥҪͨʥͨ
ǰʥΪʲôҪͨʥͨ
Ҷʵ벻ͨȻҪʥأΪʲôʥػҪͨʥؾͲ»ʥ֮ڡ
ƺеɻĽݼ˵ʥ֮ԻῪʥͨҲΪҪǽ
ǰȻôʥΪʲôֱӳ֣
ǲΪʥصʵǿѾǿ󵽿޵еĵز
ĵ˵ͷһ㣬Ҷȴû˿ĻɣϾ½е˶֪µһʥء
Ҷ죬ҿԸ㣬½ϣֻʥأʵ½һԲֱʥأ񺣣ħ֮硣
ʥأ񺣣ħ֮磬
ÿʥؿͨʥضʥؿռڵŻˣʥؿԾռˣÿһΣʧܵĻǻǽ񺣡
ĵ˵ͷҶʵǰ֪ط
죬Ľݼһ˵ɫûлشҶĻǼ˵ղŲʲôΪҿԸ㣬ڵΪѾﵽ۷塣
۷壿
Ҷɫһ֮ǰҶһֱΪϾ۷ĴڣΪʶϵļףԭ֮ϣȻŸǿĴڡ
֮ϣȻ󾳽磬ϣֻΪܹﵽ֮վ۷塣
ǰ˼˵ڵΪѾﵽ֮
ĵ˵ͷ˵ڣΪѾﵽ֮ĽݼҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ڵȷһΪﵽ֮޵ǿߣϣܹڲˣҲֻ˰ˡ
ˣ
ҶһĽݼĻǻ˵Ϊﵽ֮Ҳ˵½һǿߡ
ĵ˵ͷĽݼ˵½һǿߣֱ
ǰôɽأ
ɽһСˣΪ񺣱ħסͳֽˡ
ֱڣҶ֪½ӵЩΪǿҲֱֻʥأ񺣣ħ֮硣
ڽ񺣣ħɣ˴ңУʲôҪеκһֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ҷ죬ӵĴ飬ȥ˵һϾǳ֮⣬һųϵˣ˵պĳɾͻﵽڵĵزҲ˵
˵֮ĽݼҲûм漴뿪СԺ


607 
֮ҶĽݸĽѩһ˽λá
ǰҶ˾ѾĹϾĹϽڣĴ룬һеĵط
Ĺ滷ˮĴӾ¿ͻֽᷢĹĴģҾĸﵽһСһ㡣
ϽҶҪ뽣Ĺ֮⣬ĽݲĽݷһ뽣ĹĽݲĽݷ壬˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮
ʣµҲɳӽ뽣Ĺһ⣬뽣ĹĵӣΪȫﵽ˽𼶱
ÿһӽ뽣ĹĴ뽣ĹˣһŰˣټҶ죬ľˡ
ĽѩҲҪ뽣ĹȴĽݸľܾûôĽѩΪѾﵽ˽ʥϽɲϣʲô顣
ڷڻü
ǰĴ󺺣ҶһЦ˵ֻҪס֮ԼͳɣĲġ
ҶĻҶɫʱޱҪҶ֮Լ˵ѳ֣Ҷ쵱ô˵涥ײҲ²
ҶϢŭǽһȵĽĹ֮УǻȰҪҶֶ֮飬ȵĹ֮º˵Σ
Ľݸ˵ҶҲ˵ʲôγҪ뽣Ĺİ⣬ĴҲȫ룬ϾҪĹֻĴܹĹ
ĴͬʱվڽĹ֮ǰڵ־ȫһ𣬳ŽĹȥ˴һֻĹľ֮ϺȻƹ
Ҷ죬ĹҪˣ㿪ʼ׼Ҳһˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶĽѩϽʲôΪѾ˵ĽѩݺᣬѾﵽ˽ʥ֮ò˶þͿ֮
Ľѩٵ뿪ʱֻĹȻһɫֱӴӽĹҶֱڡ
һ˲䣬Ҷ˱ʧԭأĴҲջڵ־Ľѩʱ뿪˽ĹϾÿһνĹҪܳʱ䡣
ɫʧҶҲһĿռ֮ڣĿռڣеֻ޾Ľ⡣
޾ĽĹ
ոĹ֮ڣҶ޾Ľ⣬иеһ˿ȣϾǿҵĽ⣬ܹʮ꣬ôҪͻƵ֮ûпܡ
ǼסڽĹ֮ǧҪʹ飬޾Ľ
һɫص˵˶Ե˵ͷϾ֪˵ǰѾĹ֮УȻΪû̫࣬ϵĽȴǱ֮ǰǿ
ǰĴҲŰ˴һ뵽Ĺ֮Уܹųˣȴֻһ˶ѣҾĴ˵ڰ֮ڣԿԳʥ֮λ
Ľʥ֮λֻҪٶȣ񺣵˶ϾÿһҪԼΪ˿֮̿⣬ҪһĻ
ǰӣΪȻֻǴﵽ˽۷֮ȴܹ֮ڳʥ֮ƾһ㣬񺣵ĵλҪǸ߳һء
һΣһνĹȲ˵ģǾ鶼Ҫǿϲֹһ˶ӵĻûκεķԡ
Ҷûоѽ飬Ըʹʲô飬ʱ򣬸ո˵ӺȻתͷҶ칧һ˵Ҷºݼǰ
ӵΪֱʹ˴һǰĴǣγǰҪ뽣Ĺ֮⣬һҲҪ뽣Ĺ
ʱ˾͸еľѣϾÿһνĹֻܽˣҪǿмһˣôĴҪʹһ
һ࣬ǽе˶֪ĴΪѾﵽ˽֮Ҫǿжһ˽뽣ĹʱҲܵˡ
ǲκ˵ʲôĴȻν뽣Ĺʵ˶Ȼ뽣ĹĶˣﶼһ˿
޷׵ǣӾȻ˹֮УһͬǴ󺺵Ľ˵º֣ʲô˼
˱Ҷºľٶ׵ŪˣϾǰ꿴ȥֻжʮӣҪСϲСΪʲôҶºҪΪǰء
ûˣҶºȻһ˿ȣһҶͬһΪﵽǿߣҲʱҶ칧һ˵ǰҶǰ


608 
Ҷûж˵ʲôֻĵ˵ͷôԼҵˣﻹһ˿øС
ȴôΪϾǶһ깧˵һ衣
ǰνĹ֮Уǰ˾Ϊ
С
ûеҶºѻ˵ֱ꣬˵Ͼľˣǰ˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮ȴֻǸոմﵽ֮
ԴĹ֮ҶһֱѹԼΪֻ൱ڽ۵Ϊ԰֮УҶҵĶ˶ɻ
Ϊǰ˵֪ҶһҪ뽣Ĺһ˵ʱҲЩ̫ʹ죬ϾһˣҲӰ졣
ΪÿһνĹĴֻܽˣûжӹһˣһȴ֪ΪʲôĴȻһ޳ٶһˡ
ʱ֪ҶºֱҵҶǵҶº֪ν뽣ĹˣȻǵսʱ˷ܵҹû˯
սʲôˣǿǶһżûнѾȻʮʱﵽ˽֮ƾ轣ʵܹܽǿߣǿߡ
ټԼżʱҶºѾΣѾεĽĹ֮УԼһҪǰΪ
ѾεĽĹ֮УǶǰΪͬǵ⣬ôԱɡ
˻ͬʱһͬʱ˵ⲻУǱͬС
Լ˵һν뽣ĹҽĹڵΣأһããν뽣ĹΪľܹԼΪҪͲˡ
ڰ˵̸Ҷû˵һ仰ΪҲ˵ʲôҶ쳯ǰٵȥҶºҶҲŸȥ
ʣµˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ûа취ֻҲȥϾǵһν뽣ĹڽĹڵһлǺϤ
ߵһ룬Ҷ쿴ߵҶºʵҽĹڵ顣
żԼҶºĸֱ˵ǰĹһΪ㣬ֱǽĹأĹأĹأʥĹأĹأĹء
Ĺأ
ҶºĻҶʱѾȻѾ֪֮ҲһΪﵽ֮ǿ򣬿û뵽ǣĹ֮ھȻĹء
ǿѾ򣬳˿ռ֮ĳǿߣҶţϻ˭ܹһ䡣
ƺѾеɻҶº˵ǰȲ˵ǧǰħһս˫͸
ħҲ˵ħǧǰһսһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
Ҷﲻܹĵ꽣ħһսжôңϾ䣬֪µˡ
ĹһΪĹǰҽĹĵһ㽣ĹأһͬȫڽĹ֮ڡ
˼˵ûܹ뽣Ĺһ㣿
ҶºĻҶڽ񺣵ЩҹͬϾôõһΪʲôֻɽ𼶱˽뽣Ĺ
ҶţĴܹɳʥǿ߽뽣ĹôʥԿֱӿ𣬽棬ĹأֱӴﵽĲ㽣ʥĹء
пܣʥԿԵִ｣Ĺĵ㽣ĹأĻ˵ʥп˳Ϊ
ڽȴһֱɽ𼶱˽뽣ĹҶºһȻڰ֮ϣ򵽽ʥ֮ôء
ҶûʣΪΪѾﵽ˶֮ޱȵţƾԼʵ뽣Ĺĵ㽣ĹأĲ㽣ʥĹء
ΨһҶеƵǣ뽣ĹҪΪ˵õܣֻΪﵽ֮ǿ߲ſ
Ҳ˵ҪõܣҪﵽĹĵ㣬ĹأֻнĹزŽ񼶱ǿߡ
ҪﵽĹ㽣Ĺؿ
ȻҶԼʵţûŵԶԿĵزҶºȴʱ˵ǰ֪ν뽣ĹĿģʵҪõܣһҪ뽣Ĺ㡣
ŶΪʲô
ǰ֮ÿɽ𼶱Ľ߽뽣ĹΪܲһֻеУĲ㶼УǽĹأ֮ϵǿ߽뽣Ĺһ㣬ʱһʱ鷳ܴ󡣡


609 תɱ
ҶһУԭ֮ÿֻɽ뽣ĹԭҪҵܰˡ
Ҷͣ½ŲˣĮ˵Ǿ˷ֱѰҽܣﱣ֤˭ܹҵܣôҾ͸һܹʥ֮Ľ
ʥ֮Ľ
ҶĻ֮аҶ˶䣬Ͼһܹʥ֮Ľʲôˡ
ƾʲô㣿
Ȼʵֱһ̣ǰȻһۣһۿóһϽ
һǰҶ˵ʲôֱһʧԭأҶºҶȥǾȻֵķ֣һ˲䣬ѾȫʧȥҶϢ
ʱҶ߱˽Ĺһ㣬Ĺذٷ֮һĵطȴ֣ǽĹĵһ㶼ǳ޾Ľ⡣
ҶҲûżѰʲôܣֱҵһƧĵطϾôһӽ̫ԲԼˡ
ҶȿʼǾתԴתתʱҶ췢ԼѾﵽһΪֲĵز
Ҫ˵棬ΪﵽʼǿߣҲδܹƿķҶΪڴľǣԼܹƾǿĽ⣬ʹľתﵽת
תڿٵתţʱҶܵٵĳӿֱӳڵӿȥ
תǰתܺôﵽǴﵽתʱ򣬳ܹӵдԵֱϼѡ
ԶַڣҶҲƾԼɽٵʱ򣬲ǿ˾תĵתҪһе˵λĸо
ԵҶܵĹڵӴʱжʱһϲΪƾŽĹӴ⣬ĵתȫԴﵽ
ҶڽĹ֮һҹӴĽֱӽһϼ֮ڣ⿴Ҷͺһ˶Ľ壬ɢһֲĽ⡣
ĹһˣĴİɫصĿǰڶ֮Ҷºʱ˵ôǶҪȥ
˿˿ԼߵĻ飬ٿǰ֮ƺÿһ˶еһϾǰŽϰٵ֮
Щ֮Ϊ͵Ķﵽ˽֮ȻʵûдﵽʵÿһﶼЩ֮ʵҪȽǿ
ֻǼ֮Ǽʮ֮ǰ˵ʵԿԽ䳹׻
ڰǰ֮ȴӵϰ٣Щ֮ǲ֮Ҫ˵ǣǽڴˣҲ޷䳹׻
ºֻ֣һ취Ǿһ뿪Ĺ˰󡣡
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ûе˰ѻ˵꣬ҶºֱӾܾӣȻ󲻹ͬԼȻҶºΪԼһӢۣҲԲһܡ
º֣˵Ѿ뽣ĹΣҰ֮ȫԴﵽʥ֮һڽĹôԵĴ𣿡
Ҫ˵ˣôҶ뿪ҪһߣҪһƴһϣܹȵǰ
ҶºĻȫ¶һ˿Źֵ飬ʵ벻ͨΪʲôһ̣ҶºǸֻΪﵽ۵ļһ
Ҫ֪ǰ˵ΪѾﵽ˽֮ɱǰЩ֮ѲƾһۣͿԻɱ֮ɣ֪Ųţǲš
ȫԸȻ޷ɱǰĽ֮Ҳʱȫ˲ʣҶˡ
Ҷոձʮ֮˲佫Χ˶֮Χ£û˿
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һжѾӣϾһҲѱһˣֻĿԼͬ鱻ɱ
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кȻһ񽣣һʹֻת֮䣬ոջ֮ѾֲĽɱ
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лǰҶм
˵ҶѵĴӵ𣬳ǰ꣬ĸлΪȻ֣˵ѱɱһȫɵɵ˵ء


610 ֻ
ǰĺ°׷꣬ʵ󣬾ڲǰֻһΪֻǸոմﵽ۵ˣΪʲô첻ΪȻֱӱǵ˽֮
һлĸоǸʵġ
ĵ˵ͷҶֱӿ˵ĽѾĻֻ·һڱ뿪Ĺ
ǰ
ûеҶº꣬Ҷɫʱһ䣬˵߲ǵ飬һξǣΪ֮
˵֮ҶӰ˲ʧԭأȴһ֮飬ΪÿһҲܹܵĵĽڲϵڡ
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˴֮УʵһֱҶºΪô˵ҶºĹһΣڰ֮УҲΪߡ
һ̣ҶºҲ֪ôˣϾÿһν뽣Ĺһ˵һǧѷĻᡣ
ҶºȫԿ϶ԼܹڽĹһȵγȥ֮ҲðԴﵽʥ֮ˡ
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Ҳû˿ԥֱӸȥһǧ֮⣬ҶɫصĿǰ֮ڵϵתš
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ҶѾﵽתʥ֮Ҫƿˣֱ֮٣ʥǿߣҪƿķҲôס
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ҰҶ뷨ԼܹĹĵ㣬Ĺض޷ͻƾתĵڰתܹﵽĹĲ㣬ʥĹء
ڵʵĵִ｣ĹĲ㣬Щʥֻ֮·һ
Ҷ뵽ʥܣʥܳʲô飬ôȴĽֻһ·һ
Ҷ֮ĵط֮ĿţЩ֮ƺںʲôһҵĺ쳹Ĺ
׷ʲô飿ƺĹ
ҶĻû˵ֻ֮꣬Ȼٵĳӿٶ֮죬ֱеķɵһ㣬һգ۾Ѿǰ
дһȻҶſԻɱЩνĽ֮֮֮Ҳֻ˱ᡣ
κεĳɣҶֱӶԼĵռڣֱɿֲ֮ԶʱҶȻ
ǻûеȵվȽŸһҵĽ֮ӶҶɫһ䣬һӰٵ뿪ԭء
ǰ˸뿪Ĺ˭ٻġ
һӳҶ֮ܰ˲ȫյش󲻸κεĳɣҶֱӴŰ˿ٵ뿪ԭء
ŵϵʬ壬ҶɫҲЩأȻ˵ȣµͷôĿŰ䣬ȥ˷ֱˣҶºҶȴûһ䡣
ǰǡ
ض˵ֻܾȫǵܹܲųȥҪԼ컯ˡ
лǰǰǵƺá

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611 湻ţ
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ҶºĻҶһϾĹΪ㣬ڵ֮УĴڣҶºȴֱӷ񶨵
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һǷȰһ䣬ɱǣȻΣգǻ뿪ɡ
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ҶҲˣֱڵϲĹӰ䳹׵ʧԭأǿٵĽĹڡ
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˵ʲôôܣħӵŶ󣬾
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˵Ǹ鶼޷ѵСһ
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Ĵͬʱѣֻأǲǽˡ
һտƧأŮڲϵţŮܣȻû˿Ľ⣬ûһ֮
еֻ֮ҪˣǼħһ㣬ĽкȥƺֻҪ΢ߵһ㣬ͻ֮Ƶġ
ȲҪ˵ˣˣǱ˵
á
ոһ䣬ҶӰѾˣǰʱвûжپȣǹĳǰһ˵Ҷ죬ݼλǰ
֪
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ֱӻشܹڽĹ⴩ˣΪһǴﵽ֮ſ
ҶĻֻʱЦϻ޹˼ɵĳŶ֮飬תȴʱ˵ȻˣҲܹ³Ǻ˰ɣ
ٴε˵ͷʵӸոһһ̣ҶѾףվǰˣһǵ꽣ħһսֻת
²ûλǰӦþǴֻתɡ
ǰĻתһЩõĻشƨν뽣Ĺᵥô򵥰ɣ


612 Ĺ
תʻҶҲû˿ֱ˵ν뽣ĹҪΪ˽ܶ
ĻɫҲ˲һ䣬к֪һ߽ܴʲôϾҪԼĽܣΪҪﵽ֮
ҲÿһΪﵽ֮ǿߣܹԼĽܣһ߽ܶ˵ޱҪġ
֪һ߽ܴʲô
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ԲôҶѾǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳõܣ˵λǰβܹõܣ
Ҷͬǰ˿ǻʵҪ˵ڽڣĹ֮ڣǿĴڡ
Ҷ֪ǰһ֪ĹʲôطӵŽܣתȴ˵ҵܣܹ𣿡
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ʵתȫǼõģΪƾʵôܿҶʵʵ⽫ܵʵѹƵֻҶ߳һȼ
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ܣոһ󺺣ҶѾ֪ȻֵĴ󺺾һ߽ܣʵԳ˽ʥ۷֮Ҳ˵߽ܵıʵԿһĽ⡣
תֱӽһ֮ڣ̶̵ļӣոսϻɢǿϢȻ䲻Ͻ͡
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˵֮󣬻ûеҶ׼߽ܺȻ䶯ˣܸûнܱһ޼᲻ݵ񽣡
ҶںȻǰ߽ܱʵѾﵽ˽֮һǲ֮
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ھ񽣾ȻһУǵսתϽĽݸҲܽ񽣽˰ɡ
һ㣬ʵе벻ͨʹĲһʱϵı鼫ḻƺŵһ㡣


613 ˱Ů˸ںһ
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ѩ֪ΪʲôҪҶ뽣Ĺ֮ڣ
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ѩһ飬Ϊܹ֮˿Ϊʲô
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Ľݸ˵Ȼ濴ɽȥҪҶأҪˣҲҶ뽣ĹˣȻĹ֮ޱȣﶼֻҪܹڽĹһΪҲ
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תʲôˣǿһʵֻ֮ľ˵Ľ
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תûа취һģֱһ꽻ӵҹǹƥҵֻأ˵ʹţ֮ڽͷţ
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˫ڽ񺣵ǰأΪһԷޣôȥѾ䣬ֻضڵǼ£ȻǹڻⱲӶ޷ˡ
ô˵ʱʵŮںһΣһЩ¿ıȽصˣˣôһǼһֱֻһĲþ޷


614 ѽ
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ΪˣһֱֻЩΣ˶ƢƢͻƲסԼһ̣תˡ
ҶĲһħӡֱӽҵ߻أû˿ӵʱ䣬Ѿȫ㶨߽ܡ
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Ҳ̫˵㣬ôҲǷ꣬ȻͷǼŲҡ
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תĻҪ˵Ҷ죬ֻҲһ𾪣ôԴ֮ѾڽĹ֮ǧţ֮á
ʵܲܳȥĹֻѲںϾǼʵ̫ˣ飬Ҷȴû˿ԥ
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Ҳض
ҶĻҶɫ˲ת䣬ԼҪ½ѣھȻֲԼһضôôѡ
Ҷ컹û˵ĽݸȻ˵Ҷ֣֪ҶֶҪѶĽ飬ĽҲҪͬʱѡ
˵ʲôĴͬʱѣ
ĽݸĻڳȫ󾪣Ҷϳ֮ɫΪ񺣳˵꽣񺣿ʦܹͬʱ֮⣬ҲûһܹϵĽ顣
Ľ֣֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ĵ˵ͷĽݼ򽫴¸ʱҲԲҶ֮£Ͼ񺣻ûһܹͬʱĴ飬ǽ񺣵ҲС


615 Ĵ
ȻҶǲ̫ҶܹͬʱĴ飬ȻҶᣬĴͬʱҶ콣ѡ
ĴͬˣҶжʱһϲӡħʥ˵ĻôʱĴͬʱѣʵһһء
Ĵͬʱ뿪˽ĹҶȴΪҪͬʱĴ飬ͱĴͬʱС
Ҷȥһֻܾһ飬ôյĽȻ޷ѽ顣
ǧ֮ǰսͬҲѣȴûгɹӡħʥ˵ܹĴͬʱѣתǧأҲܽѡ
Ĵ˼˻ȥ֮ʽȻĴ㼯ĹϿգֱӾĴ顣
ҶҲͬԼʱ޷ڵĴ飬ôҪ˵ҶŹ¾񺣵˶Ź
ηηβĻôҶҪԼĽ飬ⱲӶ̫ˣҶ컹Ǿѡ
Ҷ죬𣿡
ǰĺ°׷꣬Ľѩϻ˼ɵдǣϾ겻ͬʱĴ飬ôʲô
ĵ˵ͷԼľҶڣᶨ˵ΣҶɹġ
˻ĽѩҲû˵ʲôϾѾֹͣ˵һɹġ
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˵֣ҶֱߵĹһ໨֪ΪʲôÿһοĽѩľͻĪļ¶ƺܿһ㡣
Ҷ֪֮һǵսµĻܹս𣿲ô˵ս춼ͬһˣսµԵǵ
һתۼڵڶ峿Ҷյ˫ۺȻ˲֮ϣЩĮ˵ˡ
ո£ֻҶչ޲ֱӳžȥһڣĽѩѽѽķڸ
񺣵ĽѣֻҪʹﵽʮͿԾѣÿһֻһξѽĻᣬԾǽĶӣҲ⡣
߾ڵĽ飬ֻҪԼȻȵôȻȻڵĽӦ
ԵҶ֮Ϻ󣬸ûʲôֻǾĸڵı仯ʱĵֲĽֱڡ
ɫһҶ嶼΢ĲǺܿҶ˫ٴνգƺʲô˶Ҳʧȥֱ
ʶѾ뵤֮ڣҶֻоԼĵ֮ڣĹǿĽҪƺģĹɽ⣬Ҷжʱһϲ
ΪԼ֮ڵĹɽ⣬ӦþڼѵĴ飬ӡħʥ˵һ㶼ûд
ಣಣಣಡ
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û뵽ȻܹͬʱĴ飬ҶպĳɾͣԲڡ
ĽݼĻ˰Ľѩڣһ𾪣Ľݼ˭ﶼĽݼ򲻽ϽִĳϣҸһΪﵽĳǿߡ
ÿһﶼ֪ϽִĽݼƽʱһˣƺÿһ˶ûкɫĴˡ
˸еȵǣôһˣȻμһ󱲵Ľʽһ֮ߵ
ϣҶû°ɡ
ҡҡͷĽѩĻĽݼҲһΣϾûһܹͬʱĴģǵ괴񺣵ڣҲֻǾ顣
񺣵ڣֻǾڵ飬Ϊȴﵽ֮Ϊ£½֮һ
Ҳʱ򣬽񺣲ſλ󳬼֮һഫǿʣĻƺ񺣵һЩ
ҥ½ÿһ˶֤ϾΪﵽǸ磬ѾЩܹͨ˵ġ
Ҷ飬Ҳ֪Ĳ࣬Ͼڣûһ˿ͬʱĴ飬Ϸȴ֪һ£ҶϾȻĹɽ⣬ô˵ҶӵĴ顣
ϣ˼˵ҶĿԾĴ飿
ĵ˵ͷĽݼᶨ˵һܹɹģǽ񺣿Ҫˡ



ʮž ɱħѪɺ


616 Ӥ
˶е𾪵ʱ򣬾֮ϣҶȻ䱬ĵ⣬ĸ˲˵֮С
ʱҶȻ챬һ˫۵Ҷ죬Ȼſ˫ۣĵҲʧӰ١
ˣ
Ѿص꣬˶еһ˿ȣϾ񺣵ĽѣҲҪʱϣǰ꣬ȻӾѾϡ
ǰѵĸһ飬ĸ飬ĴͬʱѣǴûзġ
УԭΪĴһ춯صĳ棬ʵû뵽ǣӣԭΪ춯صĴȻôˡ
ǰĺ°׷꣬ĽѩЩǵʵҶ죬ɹ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷһ̣ҶҲǾϲޱȣϾֻӡħʥһ֮ʣܹܲͬʱĴ˭Ҳ֪
ɾڸղţĵȷȷԼڵĴ飬һ̣ҶֻоԼĵڣĹǿĽ⡣
Ҷ֪ҪԼĽܣôȽԼĴɽӤֻҪĴӤһɣôĴҲسɡ
ǰͷĽѩ˲¶һ˿ϲΪĽѩܹͬʱĴζʲô
ûһܹͬʱĴ飬ǵ״񺣵ڣҲֻǾڵѡ
ǽ˭Ҳ֪񺣵λڣΪѾﵽ֮뵱Ĵʲҽڵʵп֮Ϊǿġ
ֻǾ飬ΪѾﵽ֮ôҶȻĴ飬պĳɾͻҪ֮ϡ
һ뵽ĽѩһˣҲǸеһ󼤶Ͼܹٳһʣô񺣾ԿԳΪµһڡ
ҶȴһֱиʣȻ񺣵λڣΪѾﵽ֮˵½֮ϣ⣬ڱǿĴڡ
ǵ꽣ħһս񺣱ڽǧ꣬ǧڣҶʵ޷ڵʵôý񺣼ڽء
֮ǰҶԲὫԼʳô˵ûоԼĽ飬ЩҲʡ
ȴĲһˣԼĽ飬һͬʱĴ飬պܹĴܣôҲ˵ʱΪﵽ֮ټĴܣʵԵֵ
Ҷʵ޷ʱĿԳɹĴܣô֮£˭Ķ֣Ͼһ˭Ҳսʤ
ѩȻڵΪѾﵽ֮֮ɱ£Ϊʲô񺣲붯˼Ƶ󷨣ý񺣳
ҶʻĽѩ漴¶һ˿Σ˵ǰǽ񺣸þ¶ħԴ뼸λʧ֮󣬽񺣵ʵһǧɡ
뼸λʧ
ȻĽѩĻҶϲû˿ľȣΪ뵽񺣳⣬һ
֮ǰһںȻټ˵Ҫżλһ뿪񺣣Ѱ߾ķλڱӴʧ
Ƕħλأ
Ҷﻹһ˿ʣϾħλʻĻûǶħƾһʾý񺣸
ƺѾɻĽѩ˵İɣȻ뿪˽񺣣Ҳ뵽н죬ҲͬʱĴʣʮһ뿪˴½
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֪һ㣬Ҫ˵ңǴ½Ҳ֪
֪ΪʲôҶĽѩĻȻ뵽һط죬֪Ϊʲôָоƺܲһ㣬˵Լʮʧйء
ĽѩʱȻ˵ҲǶħˣǧ֮ǰһλȻͻϣﵽ֮ԶħźȻԽ񺣷Ƕħһλ򣬽ᱻڽǧȻ޷ȥ
˵ʲôħ򣿡
Ҷ򶨣ħȻҲ¶һ˿֣Ϊһʲô
½֮ϣ֮⣬ΪǿıҪˣһԿԻɱʮһǵɱѹԽ񺣵ʵȻǧǰһս֮ˡ


617 ļԲȶ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣħȻһͻƵ֮Ȼֻһ֮֮ĲȴޱȾ޴ġ
ħӵһôҲԤʾţûһǶħλĶ֣Ҳ˵Ҳ޷ħ࿹⡣
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ĽѩĻҶĵ˵ͷϲû˿ľȣϾûһЩ̵Ļ˵ǧǰѾħ
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֪ΪʲôԴӽ֮ҶƺҲһ˿仯Ȼֱ޷ĽѩϣѾ֮ǰĽСĳѩ
ʵҶ㵽ʱԼѣĽѩҲѲˣϾԴĽѩĵһƺ¶һ¡
Ҷ뷨ĽѩӵҲû˵ʲôνļԲȶҪһһ߽Ҷߡ
Ľѩ˵һֱиػĴͬʱʹһ󣬵Ϊ˵ֿħλĹǽһĴʹľղǿֵסħˣȻ䡣
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Ȼ֪Ҷô֪ģĽѩĵ˵ͷЩɻʵô֪ģ
ΪǰڽĹ֮ڼλλİҲôõܡ
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ʱҶº˿ٵҶǰ˵ֱӹһм˵лǰĴ£û
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ҶȻڽĹڼ˰Ĵڣȫд𾪣Ͼʲôÿһжκ˸
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ĴȫֹԼҶҲǶʱһϾǽ񺣣Ҫ˵Ĵκһ֡
ʵҶĴѵһ̣ĴѴĴ˹ϾûһܹͬʱĴġ
ҶǳɹˣɹľĴ飬Ĵʵû뵽ǣҶȻҪ򿪽Ĺͨͷ
Ҷ죬֪ôὫ񺣴ٲ֮أ
ҶûٲҶϾô˵ҶҲǧǰףһʱ֮ףҶԼ
Ϊʲô
Ҷʵ޷󣬾ӽĹڳ˵Ҳֻкôûһ˿ĲĴȴͬʱֹ
Ҷ죬Ϊô޷Ĺͨ𣿡
ĽݸĻҶжʱһղЩļˣûоúһ룬ԼͨĹͨͷǳȥģΪʲô޷
ȲҪ˵񺣻ûĴڣĴʵҶţĴʵԿƿĹͨ
ΪʲôЩûƺѾеɻջҶ˵ĹɵԲ£Ϊ˿иϢ֮أȴû뵽ħλʾȻ޳͵͵Ľ뽣Ĺη뽣ĹʹнĹڵ֮ȫʶ״̬ڽĹ򿪣ôֻһǽ˲ѪɺӣʬҰ
ҶҲЩСС𾪣ʵȻħλʳ֣Ϊʲôڲơ
ʱĽѩȻ˵ʵ£Ҳǵ뿪֮ǲһ֮еõϢʱѾΪʱӡ
ĽѩĻҶ΢΢һ̾ͨĹͨʵЩģϾܹѣȫλĳȫ
׿ڴӦλֻҪԼܹѣһ򿪽Ĺͨͷλȥȴ޷ʵ֡
ʱҶƺ뵽ʲôȻ˵а취ԽĹ򿪣ų֮


618 ۷壬Ľ
ҶĻҶжʱһϲЩɴʵʲô취
Ҫ򿪽ĹֲýĹڵֻ֮ܳ취һҵڣ˼Գ֣˵ԡ
ҶĻ˽ԶеһڵĻҪͨʲôĹͨʱĹ֮ͷųҲû˿Ĺϵ
ڲڣһ˵˵ڰ˵ĽݸЩʵ˵Ҷ֣Ͽ˵ڶ취ɡ
ܹͷųÿһﶼܼϾ˵ޱҪġ
ҶҲɣֱ˵ֻҪҶΪܹﵽ֮ȻĴܣôʱҶʵĴܵĸȫԽλͷų
Ϊﵽ֮ҪĴܣ
Ҷ϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ뽫ԼΪ֮ҲҪﵽǸС
Ҷ壬ѵ֮⣬Ҳû취𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶҲ¶һ˿֮飬˵ѩе취
ĽѩƺʲôȴҶֹ˵һʱ䣬һ֮һ»ôһὫλӽĹͷų
ҶҪ뿪һ˲ʶƺǰ°׷꣬Ͳڽ񺣣Ǵ߽뽣񺣵ġ
Ҷ죬ô뽣񵺵ģ
ҶĻҲһڴ飬ô˵Ѿڽǧˣǧ񺣵ÿһ˶Ҫ뿪񵺣ȥ洳һ¡
ǧܽʹʲôȻ޷ƿħµ󷨣֣Ҳͬˡ
Ե뵽ǰ꣬ȻǴ߽뵽֮ڣÿһ϶¶һ˿ϲҶɫȴޱȵı䡣
ڽ񺣵ˣҶҲû˿󽫶ħӴսٻ˳ȻֵĶħӣ񺣵϶¶һ˿ɻ
ǧ֮ǰħӸûгʱħһսյĽǶħʤ񺣱˽񵺣Զڶħӣ񺣸ûʶ
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˻˰Ĵڣȫ¶һ˿𾪣Ϊÿһ˶޷ţǰˣȻǶħӡ
Ҷ죬⵽ô£
ĽѩҲһɻ󣬲ȴǰĻҶҲûκεֱӽϼ죬Ȼ󽫶ħƳɿܵ飬һһʮ˵˳
ĻҶȲʵħǷϡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ콫ħȥ˳ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷջ˶ħơ
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ҶľٶҶɫ˲ת䣬Ͼӵ˶ħƣ񺣾ͿһȥȻӦϣһƵħµĴ
涼ѾħǿΧסûв´ĻħλҲһʱʱ̿̿ռţ˳ȥһ˲䱻ɱ
ҶĻҶ˵ˣΪҲ㽣񺣳ȥһĻû˿ϣ
Ȼ޷ȥôܶùħ׷ɱ
ʻĽݸһ̣˲źȻףǰΪҲֻǸոմﵽ˽۷֮Ҫ˵֣ǽ񶼿׽ɱ
ӴϢҶҲСС¶һҲʵû뵽ԼڵĴ飬ΪҲɴ˽۷塣
۷壬ѾɣֻҪɹԼĽ٣ôԳɾͽ֮һ̣ҶѾ˽飬Բô½ϵʵ֣Ҫýߵʵ֡
ʵ֮ʵִͬС죬Ӧ棬ʶӦŽʣӵеҲǽӵеĽ
ҶԴΪﵽ˽۷壬ڵɱ¾ҲѾﵽһԲĵزһޱȵţ֮¿ȫɱڽʣҪɱҲһ̫ѵ顣
ڰʥǿߣҶҲģϽĻҶ֪û˿ϣϾѾ־һ񣬾ʬͷ
ҶΨһҪǣԼĽﵽ۷壬ȻɹԼĽ٣ôʱʥǿߣҲһս֮
ҶȴԼǼ°ãôȵĽٵʱһΪǿħʱпӰ쵽Ķɽ٣յ߻ħ


619 񺣣ɱƽ
ǰˣҶֻһ̾Ȼν񺣵ÿһˣȴҲܽԼӵеռˡ
ԴڵоһɵռҶ컹ûнܸ߹κˣļԼ֪
Ҷ첻˵¹ڷ˼Գɿռ䣬ΪﵽǿߣֻҪҶУҲҵ
а취뿪öħ˷ңһ֮һٻ
˵֮ҶĽѩ˵ЩʲôȻ뿪˽񺣣ΪɽֻҪѣôΪԴﵽ֮
һ֮ڣԼΪﵽ֮ҶǿţϾѾѽ飬һʷǰĴѡ
Ҷ֪Լһ֮һԴﵽ֮ʱƾʵټĴܣһԽλӽĹͷų
ڶħӣҶȴûд񵺣Ͼ˶ħӣ㵽ʱħܹ뽣񺣣Ҳжħʡ
ƾŶħƣҶû˿ĵֱֵӴ͸󷨵Ļ뿪˽񵺣Ǹոһ֣Ҷɫ˲䡣
κεĳɣҶֱӶ뵽Լĵռڣһ̣ĹɿֲĽֱʧĵط
Ĵ񡣡
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ΪڸղţĴĴ񣬺Ȼо󷨵ĻЩ͵оһӽ񵺳û˿ĳɣĴֱӳ֡
Ĵʵû뵽ǣĴʵȻ޷ɱˣһЩ˵أ
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֮ǰҶûĴٶȣȴһˣԴͬʱĴ飬Ϊﵽ۷֮Ҷ޲ٴһΡ
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ɾʱҶӰ˲ʧ˸еޱȵʱҶӰٴγƽߡ
лл㣬㣬һ񺣡
ƽʥһ㶵һ˲䣬ҶѾкʥܣû˿ʥҶּл£ƽʥֱӱն߰ʮΡ
ƽʥվһͬĴʥֻĿƽʥɱȵӦʱѷֻɱƽʥʧ
ĸһ֣ΣҪô˻뿪
ǡ
ȻħĴ񶼳ˣʥĸκεĳɣֱӳʧķ׷ȥҶѶռڣܹҵġ
ʥħһ˴ǿҪ˵һССĽ棬ǽڴˣҲûʲô³
ռڣҶֻһ˿ЦҪҵʳ֣Ρ
ĸ֪˭
ǰʥЩʵϾ˭Ҳɵӣո˴ӽ񺣳ֱɱƽʥ˵֮ûʲôϸ𣬾Ҳš
ڣ֮ǰƽ˵ǰȥһ˴½˽սת֮ħĵַս죬¸ոջɱƽˣսת֮
ĵ˵ͷĴոջɱƽˣȻǵ꽣Ҷӣսת֮ĴҲЩ΢ľȡ
һ˵Ĵ񻹲Ǻܷ˵ĸ½ζҪɱսת֮


620 ƻ㽶
ڶħĴʥ½Ҷû˿⣬֮ǰҲ⽣ʥʵǽʥǿߣҲȫɱ
ȵĴȫ뿪֮ҶŻ뿪񺣣ϼȥô˵֮ǰҪϼӸһ
ǵҶոյִϼʱɫ˲䣬Ϊûϵ㿴ϼľ֮ϣһǿҵԹ
á
жʱһΪҶѾ֣ϼ֮ϳֵǿԹȻǸոγɣҲ˵һ̵֮ϻڷʲô
ϼ⡣
ǰλߣϼЩ˵ħ̫ƴʯ٣ҲҪˡ
ǰŮӵĻͬʱЦƺһЦһ㡣
ǶħʥǿߣҲֵܣϹƻϹ㽶Ϲ棬˵ϹֵһӤһλ˽˷ֿ˵ȥ
˸λһһ֮УͬʱһֻΪѾﵽѪҺǧ˵ΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮
ڶħ⵺ֻҪƻ㽶棬⵺ûһеŵģ˴ɱ˲գ۵ġ
¶һ˿̵ЦϹƻ˵ϼѾȫ⣬ֻʣʮ˶ѣֻҪǽҶ죬ҿǲ
Ҷոմӽ񵺳Ĵ񲻽ɳĴʥ½׷ɱһɳʥϼ죬ΪڲǰħѾħֵĵصϼ졣
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˻ʥͬʱһϲǽϼӵĻ˲ʥϱɱɱֱϼпռ䡣
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˵ʲô˵һ顣
ǰλɢǿɱϼжʱһȻΪҲѾﵽ˽ʥ֮ͬʱʥôҲֻ㡣
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Ƿ񶨵ģȻֵҶ죬Ҳ˵Ҷʥܣһˣ˵Ϲ㽶ڱ͵Ϯ£ҲɥȪ
͵ϮϹ㽶ȴʥΪ˿ʥһǰһ󣬸û˿Ϲ㽶˲䱻ϡã֮׵ɢؼ䡣
ɱҶܣȫᡣ
ƾ㣿
ʱһĮгɱȻֻһȫȴͷ׷Ȼǰ
꣬ϹսϼӣϺȻ¶һ˿ϲΪղѾʶʵӵʥǽʥΡ
˭ΪʲôҪֶħϼ֮飿Ϲƻʵ벻ͨŶħ⻷ţĸ۵˸鷳


621 Ĵ񽣣ֻؽ
ֻĮĿһǰߣҶľ˵뿪ǽҴ
ϼŮƺ˵ʲôϼڽȴֹ˵лȣھͰˡ
ȵǰͷ֮󣬾˲ſٵ뿪ʱҶŶϹƻ˵ǲҪˣʲô˵ɡ
ĻϹƻɫ˲䣬ڲǰӵħǰϼ׷ħӵ䡣
֪ӴħӵǸոսϼһ꣬òǰһģһ
ϹΪϾһͺһֻ࣬ߵʥȴòӡ
ɱ˶ħү
ĵ˵ͷһ֮ˣҶû˿ո£ʥֱӳϹƻȥ
Ҷȴûм뵽ʥս֮УǳһߵսȥϹϼʵֻڲ֮䣬Ҷļ룬ʱʤƽϼб
Ҷ죬ϼ˲䲼ϲ֮ɫڴ֮ǰΪһ޷ټԼеİˣǾȻҶôһɱһʥǿߡ
ǺˣΪʲô
ΪʲôûüʣȵϹȴһ˶ħӡҶʵѽȣĴһٴʹħӡһ
ҶƾħӡѾܹˣȻ͵Ϯ£Ҳħӡж
ԼħӡƻȻĶ㿪ϼԸϼħӡ֮£ݺħĽʥҲڱɱ
ʣµϹƻʥֹ֮ܵ£Ҳû˿ˣħʥȫɱ
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ոһϼӼæʵϾһҶѾΪ˶ħ׷ɱöħ֪ԼҶֻɱʥôħŹ֡
⵽ô£
ǰħʥȻϼ죬˵ý㣬ɱϼˣտʼֻΪֻΣˣȴû뵽ʥȻĿʼɱʱʱ䣬ϼ˶ɱһա
Ҷɫѱޱϼ˿ڼ˵Ҳм˵Թھ֮ϲϵİš
ȻҶȻ⼸˲ǱɱҲȷʵΪôôԹֻ
ԴڵĴ֮ҶѾһеޱȾϲ飬Ǿս¼Ѿȫ򿪡
ս¼֮УһΪֻصϽأֻҪʹֻؽôԽһֻ֮أꡣ
΢΢һ̾ҶҲûжʲôֱкȻ˾񽣣񽣣񽣣¾񽣡
Ҷ뿪񺣣ĽݸѾ񽣽⣬Ҳͬʱ¾񽣣񽣽
ڽҶѾĴ飬Ĵ񽣵ĻʵԿԱǣý˸ϵźǣĴ֮׵ȴһֱ䲻
ҶֱûнԼӵ񽣵߽κˣĽѩڣΪ֪ԼѾӵ񽣣ӵ񽣵ĻĴ˵ʲô˲ۺ졣
Ҷ죬Ҫʲô
꣬ϼ¶һ˿ɻ֮飬Ͼһ̵ϼ죬ѱԹ⣬ΪѾﵽ˽۷֮ҲҪЩԹȾ
ҶûлشϼӣǽеĴȫУԺ֮лֻؽԹ飬˵䲻ǱɱȴΪҶҶٴηģպһ츲ħھǰֻذɡ
ƺĻԹ鶼һ̶ֻؽչʱҶǿ˿ȫ뵽ֻء
»ص棬ҶɫȻЩ䣬˭ҲԸ⿴˶˲һΪԼ֮ǰԹ飬Ҷжʱһ
Ҷ죬㲻ҪѹˣЩȥԹ飬ħһ⵽Ӧġ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵ʲôǾһ˲䣬ɫֱչ޲ϼӳԶȥ
˸ո뿪ԭرѾһߣ󣬺ȻǸոȥϼˣһ̣ϼѱ˾žʬ壬ڵϣе۾ûбϣƺĿһ㡣


622 һ
ߣɱҶħˣϼӣܵĺǣϷҲһҪʬΡ
ϱһɱһӣϼ˵˲ʧ߳˸ոȥķ׷ȥ
ҶĵռȻʱǿߵ׷飬ȴܴűһ룬ϼӽսڣ˵֮ҹ
ϼһǧ֮ԶһĵϣҶɫЩؿǰŮӣ˵û뵽ħξȻɳ˽ǿߡ
ǿߣ
ĻϼӵɫҲ˲䣬ȻΪҲѾﵽ˽ʥ֮ϼȴ֪һĻû˿
֮£Ϊϡ
ڴ½ԣֱڶûһ˿Դƣһǰǿ߶Ҳֻһֻ΢ǿϰˡ
ϼ޷ͨǣΪһҶ죬ħɳʥȻһ񣬱Ͼ⵺˽֮⣬ûһֵܹסһʥĹ
ĵ˵ͷҪ˵ϼӣҶ챾ҲǸеһ˿˼飬Ҳʵû뵽ħȻ˿
Σպ󶼲ٻϼˡ
ϼӵ϶ʱ¶һ˿ˣô˵ϼ춼ļңڲϼûˣϼҲɱһա
ƺܹܵǰŮеıˣҶʱϧڲĹĵȸȥ½ɡ
ոʳ仰ҶйɺڣѾԼˣܹծˣڡ
ҶĻϼ˲䱬һ˿ϲЩϲõ˵Ըһߣ
΢΢һ̾µҶ컹˵ʲôֻεĵ˵ͷҶҲˣĽѩϼӣ޷˵ݰˡ
ֱڣϼӵɫתֱӹסҶĸ첲۵˵ڸȥ
ɽ
ϼӲûжʲôΪ֪ȻҶǵսתֱ֮Ȼûѡ
Ҳû⵺ֱͣӳŴ½ȥ⵺֮ϣħ񷢷һ㣬ʲôɶҪһ
ʮ֮
Ҷϼڳ⵺»ص˴½ȴûȥɽǳһΪʥͨĵطȥ
ΪҶԴӸ񺣣Ѿĸ£ʥÿһʱ䣬ῪʥصͨҲһ̣ħ񺣶ѡ񹥻ʥء
Ѿڽǧ֮ãʥͨԲμӣʣµıֻлħˡ
Ϊ˼ס񺣵ˣħʥؿҲʲôôʣµֻлˣҶ첢ȥ룬ĻȥȽϺá
ߵһ·̣Ҷһ˿ص˵ϼȥʥͨҾ㻹ǲҪȥˡ
С
ûеҶѻ˵꣬ϼӱ˵Ҷϼһʥͨ𣬴Ƿ񶨵ġ
ȻϼӵΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮Ҷȴ֪ʱʥսǽʥҲ²
Σʱ̣ȫƾ赤ռ뿪ϼȴܣΪİȫҶѾþԣΣθʥܴͨϼһȥ
ϼ˵ʥͨͬСɣʱΣգҸûл㡣
Ҫ𣿲ҪˣҿһʵĽʥΪҲֻոմﵽ˽۷֮뽣ʥ֮ŲСľŶ
ҶɫЩҲסˣڽ뽣ʥ֮Ķ壬ɲôΪģȻڵΪֻǸոմﵽ˽֮ҶޱǿţʥǿߣҲһս֮
ʥܣʥǿߣҲȫԻɱƽʥһõӡ
ʥܱΪѾﵽʥ۷֮һǲ֮񼶱ĳǿߣֻҪʥ֮µû˿
ҶޱǿţսϼӵĻٻʥôϼû˿ĵֿ㲻ʹʥܣƾʵϼҪȡʤҲһޱѵ顣
ƺǰ룬ϼЩô˵һʵĽʥǿߣԷȴһ档
˶֪뽣ʥ֮ĲൽжôĴ󣬾ǧ棬һʥҲû˿ʤĿܡ
Ҷ죬ģΣ
漴¶ɻҶҲһ˿Ȥʵʲôģ
֮һսܹһܵĻôҾͲһȥʥͨΣ
á
ϼӵĻҶʱһϲû˿ԥֱӻشȵϼ仰ɱһʥЩܣҪһʥ⻹Ǻпܵġ
ϼҲһɵӣ֪Էʥܵ£Լ˵֮ս㲻ʹʥܣ䡣
ΪʲôʥҲҵΪʲôҲʹã̫ƽˡ
Ҷƽ̾еܣʹܵĻôûսʤΪѾﵽʥ֮ϼӡ
𲻴ӦӦôⳡԼӮˣȻĻôʥͨһҪȥ
ãҴӦ㣬ǵս֮вʹʥܣ˰ɡ
ҶӦԼҪϼӲĵ˵ͷ˸ԿŶԷΧ²ſʼת䡣
ϼ֮ǰһûн뽣񺣵Ļôһսû˿ҸĶ֣ȴһˣûʥܰͬԻ㡣
ҶĻ֪ΪʲôϼкȻһֲõԤУƺʥʵĻһһ㡣
ܣôܻңһΣ
ﲻϵĸԼϼ¶һ˿޵Цݣǰĺ°׷˵Żң
˵֮ϼкȻһϼһϼ˲ǰȥҶϸû˿ĻţȻϼһڣ嶼ʧԭء
Ѿʧˣϼӵɫ˲ޱѿֻǵҶʥܣȴһʱˣҶ컹ͨ
ϼȻΪѾﵽ˽ʥ֮ҶʹͨôʵҲ޷ҵӰ
ô˵Ҷֻһ棬ȴһʥܹĻҶ죬ʵϸ˵Ѿˡ


623 ˵ĲֵǮ
Ҷ죬б¾һսҪ
ϼЩˣϾҶһֱĻʥʵҲҲҶټ
ʱռƺҶЦҶӰʱǰǰŮӣ˵ǲˣ
ߣϼӻ䣬ȵȴġ
ϼٴγ֣һɿֲϼ˲ǰȥֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ֲĽѾʧ
ʧ
ԼնĽȻʧӰ٣ϼɫ˲䣬ʵ޷ԼʥʵΪʲô޷ͷųȥ
ٺ٣ǲǺܾȣ
ҶʻϼҲûٴγֻ֣ǵһ˫޹Ĵ۾۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰ꣬ﲨһͣǧƺڻһ֮С
˺ˣ㻹𣬲ҪӦһ£ҾԲ㡣
ĵ˵ͷȻϼһԸ⣬ȴ֪ҶѾһȥʥͨȻ֪һܺá
ڵĴѾѣһõĴ񽣣ԸոҲһСľ󣬳Ϊܹﵽ֮Ҫľɱңûпܡ
ҶȻͬʱĴ飬еõĴ񽣣ϼӵɫ˲䣬ĴѻĴ񽣶ζʲô
Ҷ죬Ѿѧ˽񺣵ľ󣿡
ĵ˵ͷԼողµľҶҲеǳ⣬Ͼǰǰ󲻵ʮʱ䣬Ѿȫ˽ľ衣
ʱҶɣԼǲһţƺʲôжײˡ
֮ǰҶһΪΪ󷨷ֱǣµһţŵħħ
ԴҶõľףµһ󣬸ǽ񺣵ľľĴ񽣣ֱĿֲ
øղϼӵһΪҶֻԽʵƾľȫԵֵסһʥǿߵһ
ȻҶ֪ԼҪƾľɱһʥǿ߻Щѣǰʥ֮µˣӦûж⡣
ҶҲûжʲôȡһŽϼ˵ȥƳǣʱȻ˽Ӵ㣬һ鷳һ¡
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ӹҶеţϼðԹݺݵĵһۣ֮и͸¶һ˿ԹֱŪҶܲˡ
κεиҶֱ˵ƳǵķϣܹģʵڲУʹ˽սڼɣסҲϣ¡
Ҳϣ仰ϼӵҲ˲¶һ˿أ˵İɣƳǽһ¡
߹ȥҶݺݵ§סŮӣϼӶͷһ£Щ˵ˡ
䣬ҶӰ˲ʧѾ뿪꣬ϼӵˮƺڱ֤ʲô
ʥһ㷢ʥʥذָ˭ܹõʥеһ飬ôԽʥ
ʥҲǿʥͨԿףҶõеһʥʣµʥȻ䲻
⼸ʥͨ½ѴķзҶܿѾҵʥͨĵط
ʥͨĵطһԭ֮ϣڻԭ֪࣬ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼƽ޹ʶһ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԵ޹ʶһ򣬿ȴûһԭΪֻ˻һʰˡ
˵Ǯƶ֮ֻҪܹõʥеһ飬ô㸶ٴĴۣЩ߶Ըġ
Ͼʥڴ½ϵΪֻҪܹʥ꣬Ϊﲻ֮ﵽʥҲ׾ٵ顣
ΪʥǵĳڣܹʥۣʥذʥѾһ֮ˣǴ½ȴȻûмһ飬˶׷׵Ĳ²š
Ҳܹµ˵õʥҲһʥ֮ͨǰóҪóĻǻĿ졣
ҶڰʥǵģȴûнʥǣΪҶ췢֣ʥڣֱǿ֣оȻʥǿߡ
Ƿڴ½ϣÿһʥһŶһµΪܹʥȻϧͷ¶档
£ڵʥѵ˵ĲֵǮ𣿡


624 ԩ·խ
ҶڸпͬʱҲʥѰŵӰ
ΪҶʥͨǧѷĻᣬžԲԸ⣬ҲԸλᡣ
ŲϵѰҶɫЩΪһʱѲ飬Ȼûʥҵŵκһˡ
žȻ˲μʥͨǷ˼
ڵҶЩͷԣϾѾüνһôˡ
Ҷ컹һ¸еɻǣʥһʥǳеһʥ֮⣬ʥ䲻
˭õʥ
һ䣬Ҷֱʥ⣬һСɽͷϣô˵ʥؿҪʱ䣬ʱڣץʱ
ɾҶոյֵɽʱɽܺȻǿϢֱӽС
ɫ˲ޱԴΪﵽ۷壬ҾĴҶޱȵţǽҪѲҲ̫ܡ
ֱɽûз־Ȼˣ˵ʲô
ѵ
һ뵽Ҷ㳹׷ԼеĲ¼ɣϾ½ϣΪܹﵽ֮˼ֱ֮١
Ϊܹﵽ֮ˣһⶼǴ½ϵĴҶɲţмȻԷҲ̫ܹˡ
Ҷ޷ͨǣ˵ΪȻûдﵽ֮ΪʲôܹùʶѲ顣
𰸺ܿͽˣϢϵɽֱܷ𻺻߳ߣΨһ⣬ΪѾﵽʥԲ֮
Ǻˣ
ŰɢǿϢҶЩɻΪĿ϶ԼԲʶǰİˡ
ҴӰɢϢ˾ԲŵˣҶƺ뵽ʲôЩ̫Ȼ
û뵽Ȼܹתɹս죬ҿԸһ£תǧأҲһὫʬΡ
Ȼ˴ߵĻҶѾȫȷԼеĲ²⣬ǰİߣǵѹսİ˴ʥǿߡ
ѹսɣֱħĴţڣħѪĹȣڣĴţңţڣظ
ս뿪񺣣һ·ս½ǿߣս˴ŵİ˴ʣһ֮ն˴ʡ
˴žȻ˰ʥȻսʵͨ죬˫ѵĽţ˴ʥ֣ջǽսѹɽ
ڰ˴ʥڽ񺣵ʵֻǽսѹɽûнɱǧĹ۲죬˴ʥһ飬Ǿǽ񺣸ս
˴ʥѾԳ׻ɱս죬ǵȰ˴ʥɽ󣬾ȻսѾת
һְ˴ʥʱ󾪣ͨϵ飬֪Ҷǵսת֮
ãã˺Ҫҵһ˼ֱ룬ʥͨ˴ʥһԵ̬ʥ֮⡣
Ǿǵѹսİ˸ϲ
ߣô
ս챻ǰ˸ϲѹȴᣬҪһ¡
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ǰ˸עҪ
ҶĻ˴ʥȫЦƺһЦһ㣬Ϊ˴һʼѾ֣ǰΪֻոմﵽ۷壬ûдﵽ֮
ʥ֮ĲһԽĺ蹵һ̣ӲҪ˵ӵŰˣ˵ΪѾﵽʥ۷֮
Ϊﵽʥ۷ǿߣҪɱһ棬ֱǺճһֻô򵥣ٷϻʥǰ꣬һѾȥʬһ㡣
ʵ˲ҶҲѾԼɽ֮ҲһҰ˴ʥ𣬱ϾҪǰ˴ʥҲòֻذһգ˵ҪֻضŹ
Ҷθûѡ˴ʥӲӲȻΪѾﵽ˽۷֮ͬʱ԰ʥҲû˿Ļᡣ
ֱӶԼĵռڣĴʹľ˲䲼£ҶľʱҲľ𺳡
񺣵ľ󣬳ޱ֮⣬ֻҪܹᣬôպľ󣬸ò˶೤ʱ䡣
Ĵ񽣷ֱڻɽĸ򣬶ԼĵռڣҶеֻһ˿Ц㲻ܹɱʥҲҪŲͷôԵսԼ


625 ߸
ľող£ҶĵҲʱ˲٣Ͼӵµһ󣬾ͺ̵ĺӣȻҵˮһ㡣
ߣս죬㵽죬ҲһҪɱ㡣
ʥѾ¶ģβôҪɱս죬Ѿʧȥһκûᣬ˵ʲôҲܷŹˡ
ش˵ȴ޾ĽľڣҪĴΪֱ¾
ҶΪֻǽ֮һΪﵽ˽֮ٴβľôľͲܱȵˡ
ɾˣܵЩֲĽ֮󣬰˴ʥɫѱޱ˷ֱذ˸λĿǰһС
ҶһΪ˴ʥվķλȻľţȻ˴ʥ޷Ƶľ󣬿ҶڵʵľҲ޷˺ˡ
Ҷûжжǳľ󣬾ĶԼĵռڣȻľ޷ɱˣôҶѾðٶһЩʱա
ҶԸ֣˴ʥҲԸ֣ͬɢޱȿֲɱһ˫˫۾ĶŻɽÿһƺҳ˾Բ뿪ɽһ
ҶѽȣǰҶӵеռ䣬ҲԲڰ˴ʥ֮ɽ
ȴȫһˣԴڵĴѣΪﵽ۷֮󣬵ռҲԭļƽףֱӱ˼ƽס
ҶֻҪΪһȼﵽһǽ֮ôʱĵռԳɳǧƽס
ǸʱĵռҲԽװκεϵ
վڻɽ֮⣬ȻٲѰԼİ˴ʥҶݺݵһڣЩĵ˵ǰ˸ϲģҴʥس֮һúźǵġ
һ̣ҶھʥأϾ֪֪˰սʤÿһʥͨսÿһζ޹
ȻԼѾ񺣣ǲô˵ʼնǽ񺣵ˣڵĽ񺣻Ƕ֮ֻƾýӳӡ
뿪˴ʥ֪ȻɵɵڻɽѰţҶҲûٳɣֱӳʥȥ
ոսʥǣҶ㾪ȵķ֣ʥǵˣٷ֮ʮϣΪﵽ֮ΪߵıʥԲ֮ǿߡ
Ҷʱʵ벻ףȻΪѾﵽ˰֮ôֻҪ΢ŬŬһﵽ֮
Щȴ˼ȡΪֻҪʥôΪڼ̵ʱôõ飬ʥһˡ
εҡҡͷҶҲҵһҿջԼϢȫȴʥͨʱ䡣
ʵҶʥضս»һռڣʥͨܵκεĲ
û˿ĵģȻҪʥͨҪʥ赣ҶţõʥҲһ֡
͹٣Ҳμ֮ʥͨģ
ʱ򣬵Сϼ̿ɿڵľƲˣһ䣬ڵС⣬ҶҲû˿ֱӵͷ
Ͼƽԭϣһǲ˳ֵģеʱֻ̣Ҫʥǣ㲻ΪʥأҲ㡣
͹٣кϢ֪ԸԸ
ҶʱеһⲻҪǮ𣬲Ҷһֱںʲô֮⣬ͳһЩǮ˵С
ǰ˺ϵСɫʱϲЦտԼ߸һ㣬޲̹ǰΪźá
ǿϵС˵͹٣ϢǷ˾ţ֮Ŵģ˵ʥǵˣиӥˣʥ
˻Ҷɫ˲˱䣬Ȳ˵ӥﵽûʥӥݣѾֵˡ
ԶַڣҶһӴĸ˶ܵĺ֮⣬ʣµֱƼң̿ӥ̡
ǸѪʮӥҶ£ҶڵСԼϢŶӦСˡ
ȻҶ֪ӥ̵ĽΪѾﵽ֮ʥڣӥʵʲô
ϾʥڣΪﵽʥǿһʻ治ʲôҶҲԶ˵ʵʥڣûƼ̿ҵˣ
ȻУƼ̿ң½еɼȫˡ


626 뿪
СĻҶɫЩ䣬ϾѾѲʥǵÿһطŵĹӰҲ
ǰȴϢСɫ˲䣬Щʧʵ͹٣֪С˵ˡ
ղ˵½Ѿȫʥ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷĻС¶һ˿ɻ֪Լʲôط˵ˡ
𣿡
֣СɫЩ仯εȴܺãȴӲҶĹ۲졣
͹٣£

Żûе֮ʥͨһִʥǵġ
Сƺ˵ʲôȴҶֹˣЩͷ˵ȥɡ
Щ䣬СҲٶ˵ʲôǵС뿪ת֮ʣɫ˲ޱ
ȵС뿪֮Ҷ¶һ˿ЦǱˣ޷ֵСĲͬԷȴ
ҶҲûмȾƣҪһϵȿͷȵոսͷԺӰѾʧ˷ڡ
һڣո뿪ĵСЩĿǰĴ󺺣Ȳ˵ƹģոǸ˵ȷҪҵˡ
ĸˣ
˫üһɻĿŵС֪Ҫĸˣ壬һΪﵽǿߣСȴĵȷȷһͨˡ
ƹģ뼸λһսǸˣڳ˿ջڡ
˵ʲô˵ĿǸţ㱻ڻɱҶ죿
ĵ˵ͷСᶨٴ˵ƹûȷҶ졣
ΪʲôΪ
˵Ҷһս֮һҹ֮ͷ׷ոǿ͹ٵ꣬һ£һͷ׷һҴʹŵ顣
˴¶һ˿ԴҶһս֮ƺ˷һѰҶټ
ãã˺Ҫҵһʵ̫ˣǷͨӣϾ˶ҶϢܹ뵽ԼϢţŵĵλһ˲١
ĲȻصԺڱɡ
󺺵ĻС˲䱬һſϲףԼҪΪŵڵӣһ̫ܵ顣
λǳϡ
ʱںȻһҶӰʱǰĿŶˡ
СǰȻֵĺʱ˲ߵҶſ˾Զ֮
ԴҶ쵱һս֮Ѿɱħ°׷
Ҫʲô
Ҫ˵СΪѾﵽ֮壬ƺЩϾϣǰΪﵽʥڶԲܡ
֪ԼʵĶ֣û˿ĳɣѾ뿪
뿪
Ҫ뿪ңȴӦҪ˵ҶڵΪʵǵŵʵҲԻɱһˡ
κεĳɣףʱԽԼ²漴һâ֮˲ǰȥ
ڴ󺺵ĳ֣Ҷû˿⣬ֻЦĻ˻֣ͷųâ֮ʱʧӰ١
ɫ䣬Ҳʵû뵽ǰʵǿ󵽴˵ȵزȻѾǲ˵ⲻʲô
Цһɱ¾˲˴󺺣ѹԼɱ¾ֵغΪѾﵽ۷֮
峹׾ˣҶŵʱΪֻǸոմﵽѣɾƾʵȻ췭ظ
ʱ仹ûйȥãҶΪȻôֱ࣬Ӵ֮۷֮
ףȻֻһ֮֮ĲȴޱȾ޴ģΪﵽ֮Լ֮ڣףҪɱһֱ׾١
Ȼ岻֪ҶΪʲôֻƾʵͿԶԿţֻ֪ǰҪɱԼһ׾ٵ顣
㵽Ҫô
Լ޷뿪ңҲɾϣΪҪɱһȥͶˣȵڡ
ƺѾĵ뷨ҶĮ˵شҼ⣬ҿԱ㲻Σ
ԣʱ뿪


627 ڹ˸
ĵ˵ͷҶ쿪ʵʥͨΪʲôû
һ⣬¶һ˿Σ˵֮ûвμεʥͨǰݸ͡
ң
Ҷʱеһɻʵ벻ͨŲμʥͨʲô顣
ƺܹܵеɻ˵һսŴЩΪܹץ㣬ν˳
ƺѾ֪ԼˣҲ࣬뵽ʲô˵ʲôɻǰˣƺܹɽɱһ㡣
󺺵ĻҶʱеһҲȫȻˣϾżȮΪץסѾûжʥˡ
ڵ֪ҵϢҪ೤ʱ䣬ŵ˾Ϳʥǣ
һһҹԡ
붼ûͻشҶЩ˵ȥ֪ͨŵˣϣһһҹܹ֮ŵˣӦ
ǲֻҪ֪ͨŵˣʱͻŹҡ
㲢ûּۻ۵ʸŲ㣬Ҫħ˿
ħ˿
˵ħ˿ɫ˲䣬Ϊ˵ħ˿Բİ
ħ˿ħΪΪ񶾵ħ֣ΪֻҪħץסôͻᱻħ˿ֻҪħԸ⣬ʱҪ˱ħ˿ˡ
ûѡ񡣡
һ̾ҲԼȫϵ⣬׸
ҴӦ㡣
Ҷ콫ħ˿ֵԺ֮Уֱ˿̣Ҷ˵ҾջĺϢסֻһһҹʱ䡣
ĵ˵ͷ֪ԼѾ·ˣҲʲôǸϿ뿪ңʥ֮ȥ
뿪֮ҶĿһ۹ڵϵĵСûж˵ʲôƽʱԷŹˣȴԡ
ô˵ڶҪŵʥǣֻſԽŵ˳׻ɱŹС˵žͲϵˡ
㲻ҪɱңҸʲôҶԸ⣬ֻҪ㲻ɱҡ
ǰɢɱƺѾܹԤϵԼĽСɫ˲ޱȲ԰ֱ̱ڵϡ
ҶѾԻɱû˿ֱһɽȥ䴩˵С塣
ɱ˵С֮Ҷ첢ûмŵˣǳ˿ջһСȥ
ȻֱҶ춼ŵСĻǲô˵뿴ӥϾӥ̵ѪʮӥµĴͬСɡ
ͨϢҶѾܹ׽ӥ̵䣬һӥȻ˵Ǵ½϶Ҳϵˡ
ӥ̵˲ûסڿջڣԼһĶԺԺڣһߣɫЩصĿǰʮˡ
ĸڹ˸ӵõʥģ
ǰߣʮ˭Ҳûи˵Ϊÿһﶼǰߵֶжôĺ
ӥ̽һΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣǰʮˣȴӥ̵Ѫʮӥ
Ψһһ㲻ͬǣѪʮӥԲǵҶԶַѪʮӥѪʮӥӥ꣬ÿһ˵ΪѾﵽ֮
Цʮӥ´󣬾ΪﵽʵˣҲδܹĹȥɾڲǰ֪˭ʥӥ
ӥںϾӥ̵ʥȴȫһΪʥӻӥ̵⡣
ν˫ȭѵ֣ӥôǿҲΪУӥ˸еһ˿ƵǣʥҲˣʥУǰװ˿
ʮȥ飬ʲôˡ
¸ոյõһϢ֪òý
˵ˡ
µ֪ɢҥԵˣƼ̿Ϊ
˵ʲô̿Ƽң
ԼˣȻƼ̿ңӥ˵ɫ˲˱䣬ΪƼһǴ̿ңʵӥ޼
֮еκһң£֣ôӥ̾ûһˡ
ӥ޷ͨǣ̿ƼΪʲôҪϾôһֱǺദ֮Ҳûжޡ
Ϣʵ𣿡
ϢϢ°˾ŲʮҾ˵Ƽ̿Ѿ֣׼Էӥ̡


628 ɱħ
Ƽ̿ҾȻҪֶԷԼӥ̣ӥɫ˲ޱ
ߣҪԸӥ̣ҲҪûǸ͡
Ƽ̿ҪԷ㣬ӥ̵ֵסɡ
ʱԺϿպȻ䴫һ翵ʮ˾֮УԺںȻһ°׷ꡣ
˭
ǰ֪꣬Ϊʲôӥ˸оԼƺܼɵǰꡣ
ҶͷųԼϢӥ˵ɫٴα˱䣬ΪѾоǰΪֻﵽ۷ѡ
Ҳ·һӥ˸ܵҶʵΪʱҲһ
˭ҪҪҿ԰㡣
ܹңʲôЦһСС棬ҵһ¶ܹ㣬ң˼
ӥ˵Ļ䣬ЦʮӥͬʱЦһƺڳЦ֪Ҫ˵ӥˣѪʮӥÿһ˵ΪѾﵽ֮
ǰʮ˵ĳҶûκε⣬ֻҪԸ⣬һ̿˲佫ʮȫɱҪ˵ʥˣԼľҲԻɱʮˡ
ҸӵĿʱ䣬ӹ󣬲ҪҴɱ䡣
ƾ㣿ÿǣκεĽ飬ҶӦһϡ
ҵģԹñˡ
ҶĻո£Ӱ˲ʧԭأֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶӰѾӥߡ
ûʹĴ񽣣ҶָֻߵߺݺݵĻȥӥ׾ٵĶ˹ȥ
ɫЩ䣬û˸Ҷ֣ԷֻһСС棬ȻҶӥ̵Ľ˳֡
󡣡
ӥȻΪѾﵽ֮һǿԼ֣Цʮӥ֡
ѪʮӥΪȫﵽ֮ӿֲΪﵽ֮ǿߣ֮ж·һ
ӥ˵ĻѪʮӥ˲䲼󷨣ҶΧУǸеһ˿ɻǣվԭһƺںµһ㡣
Ѿµ󷨣ҶжʱһϲΪ˵ĿģһֻһΪ֤ʥڲӥһΪ˹Ħһ󷨡
ܺȻĿֲϢҶֱʹĴ񽣣ֱ֮ڲľҶѾԼҪ
û˿Ҷƾ۷ʵľ󣬸Ѫʮӥֿܹסģֻǰʱʱ䣬ҶѾȫѪʮӥ󷨵ľ衣
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¶һ˿ЦݣҶֱľʼûж೤ʱ䣬Ѫʮӥ󷨱㱻ľơ
Ȼʮʵеˣ
ƺڸпʮ˵ʧܣҶݺݵ̾Ϣһʵ֪ѪʮӥĲԼǱˣôǿҲ
㵽ʲôˣ
ӥ˻޷жϳǰʵôҲٳˣܹƵѪʮӥµ󷨣֤һС
ʶһ£ҽҶ죬Իĵ۹Ƴǡ
˵ʲôǸţնʥǿߵɱħҶĻӥ˵ɫ˲䣬漴
ɱħ
ԼţҶҲЩȣԴһս֮ͱɱħ°׷û뵽ھȻֳһɱħ
ҵȷţҲɱʥǿߣǶ⣬ʵҿ»ʥﵽ֡
Ҷ첢ǫ˵ʵȻڵΪѾﵽ۷֮ҪƾʵΪɱһʥĻǲġ
ˣӥ˻ޱȣҶһսѴ½ҶҲΪһɱħ
ԭҶ֣ӥ֪̽ҶΪ˺£
ӥ˵֪ǰȻҶʱ˵̬ȶƺ˷츲صı仯ϾҶµһŵ꣬϶ͨˡ
ҶҲû˿ֱӿʵ˵ӥ˵õһʥ֪Ǽ٣
һ˻ӥ˵ɫ˲Ǳ߲ѵ˵ҵõʥĻһǣ֮ʥͨҳ䲻⹥䲻Ľʥͨá
˼ǣûеõʥˣ
ʵҶ뵽ֻֻҪ֤һ°ˣӥ˼˵ȻûУ£ҵиɣ˭õʥ


629 ̿ʥ
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ӥ˵ĻҶһ˵֪ʥһ䣬ôҲһᡣ
ɢҥ˵ҵõʥƼ̿ңһֱЩɣʥǲҵõˣԲż޻ҡ
ӥ˵ĻҶҲ漴ĬˣΪҲЩΣϾһֱûʲôޣΪʲôͻȻ֮䣬Ƽ̿޻ӥ̡
˵ûȷЩΣҿ԰㽫ʧȥŪȴҪӦһ£Σ
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ʮ˵̬ҶںֻҪѪʮӥ󷨣ʱѪʮӥʵҪǰʮӥǿ
ЩͷҶ쿴ǰ˵ô
ʵӥѽҶʮ˱ȫʺһ飬Ѫʮӥӥ̣󷨴ڳȥôӥ̵ĸô죿
ƺܹӥĵǣҶ쵭Į˵ֻǺˣҿһ㽻ұ֤ҲὫ󷨸κˡ
ŶĿҵᲢۣ
ĻӥɫһϾƽ޹ʽԼԳ󷨣ɱҪܣȻѾӦ󷨸߱ˣһ̫⡣
ҶҲûж˵ʲôϾۼΪʵҶ콫Ĺ£ʱԺ󣬿裬ƺҪˡ
š
󷨵ӥ˷ܲѣΪѾоĳողµ󷨣ԲѪʮӥ
ЦһҶջĹ󣬿ǰ˵ȻˣôǲǿԽˣ
Ȼԡ
ڸܹ󷨵֮ӥĸκεĳɣ겻ʵһ취ûУֻҪһ뵽ţնʥǿߣӥ˵ľͺ񱻺ݺݵĻһһ㡣
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ӥһѪʮӥһ𣬿ҶɱħӥţƼ̿Ҹ˸
˳˶ԺֱӳŴ̿ҵķȥɱˣһ֪̿ҲʲôطϾ̿
ңӥϺ꣬ô̿ҵټͲܣӵʱ䣬˾Ѿվһ԰⡣
ǰ˶ԺҶ¶һ˿ɻ̿ʱ䲻ԴɱΪɱҪȴ
Ҷʵ޷ͨǣ̿ҾȻѡôһĶԺһôĿŵ˺õĵضΡ
ƺеɻӥ͵̿ץס˵ԹѡעĵطţӰȫ
ĵ˵ͷֻ˲䣬ҶѾȫףаһ̿ҵĴʵδ̿ҵļ𣿡
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˼ûУӥֱӻش˵ڴ̿ڣģǴϣ˵̿ҵĴϣΪѾﵽʥֻ֮Ҫ϶ϵˣΪܹﵽ֮ûܹĹϵİɱ
ٴε˵ͷҶ̿ҵĴϻǸеܾȵģϾһΪﵽʥĴ̿ͣжô£
ʱ򣬶ԺںȻ˵һȻԶǾͽɡ
жʱһԺ˵ҶѾ֪˵˵ΪԴﵽʥ֮һʥ
ӥ˵ɫ˲䣬Сߵ˵β֪ǲ˺ˣȻǸϹ
ҶҲһЦҲû뵽һʥؿȻ˴̿ҵһǿߣһΪﵽʥ֮Ĵϡ
ӥ̽ݼǰ
ԭС֪ߵλʲôˣ
ǰǵŵɱħҶ졣


630 ˷
ɱħҶĸֵʱҶֻоǰӰһΣһ׷ԲԵ߱Ѿǰ
ǸţնʥɱħҶ죿
ߵĻҶʱеһƺԼɱħѾ϶Ҷ컹ǵ˵ͷʵ֪λ
Ҷ֣λǴ̿ҵĵһǿߣ̿档
̿棬Ϊﵽʥ֮ĳǿߣҶһۿλ̿ʱҲʵһ
ΪôʯѲߵϢȴʧûнǰվߣƺͲһʥǿߣһͨͨͷһ㡣
㲻ٹ۲ͷˣҪ˵Ϊûдﵽ֮ڴˣҲ뿴ϷΪ
ߵĻҶһƺ뵽ʲô̿ЦЩ߳˵¶ˣϷһ񹦣ȫԼϢһ̿˵񹦾ͺıһ㡣
Ȼˡ
˵ҶҲܹĵ񹦵ж޷ѲôԼѧᣬϵռ䣬ҶֻҪ;ޱȡ
ƺܹ룬̿¶һ˿Ҳû˵Ƕ˵ȻˣǾɡ
еֻһ˿Ц̿ˣôӥ˸£Ƕ̿棬㡣
˽Ժ֮ҶҲû˿ֱӿżɽ˵棬μ޻ӥ̵ˣǷ̿Ƽң
Ҷʳ⻰ʱӥ˵ɫҲ̱ˣΪžݺʱ̿Ҫ£¾Ҷʵ޷ıʲôɡ
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Ҷ֣ȻʣôҲʵ棬ôҶһֻ㶦Ǿǰãӥ̾ȻͶҴ̿ҵĶػͽƼѾ֮ӥ̡
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㻹֤
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ʵҶһֱиʣմ̿ҵʵҪӴ̿͵ػͽֱһ̫ܵ顣
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̿ȴ˵ӥλҼ֮УһӥҴ̿ҵ߶ػͽѵҳ𣿡
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Ҷ춼еһ˿˷룬Ǵ̿Բţеֻһ˿Ц˵ߣֻӥ̵һ֮ʣǸϹûУ˭ҲûмҶֵķϣӥ̽ػͽô¾һʹԸ
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һԵӥȴһ˵ӣӥ̵һǿߣΪͬﵽʥ֮ӥ棬Ե޹߻ħ֮У˶֪
һ̣̿Ȼ˵Լû¼ֱ˼ǰߵɫӥ̿ûҪԼ
ӥˣ⵽ô£ϣܹ˵ʵҲ޷㡣
Ҷ֣Ҳ֪ʲô£䣬ȷǧȷ飬ڡ


631 
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ʵҶĹؼӥ浽׻ڲϣڵĻôֻҪҳӥһˡ
ֻҶеһ²ǾӥĴôȥ̿ҵΪʲôᱻ֡
棬һ²ҽ𡣡
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Ҷ̬ȣֱ̿õٺã˿̿ҵһǿߣһʥȻһ˿֪᲻ᱻŵ
ӥȡػͽˣΪΣ
ӵΪѾﵽ֮һֱ߶ػͽ
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û˿ԥֱ̿ӻشƺѾǰ껰е˼̿ɫ˲ޱ
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ĵ˵ͷܣҶʵ벻ɣӥҲûбҪȡػͽͬʱ»ڣⲻ鷳
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Ҷ֣ԵƬ̣ȥȥ
ûеҶ˵ʲô̿Ӱ˲ʧԭأƺеɻӥ漴˵̿һƼȥˡ
ƼΪﵽʲô磿
ʥ
ʥ
ҶЩȣô˵Ƽ涼ӥ棬̿ͬһʱˣλΪѾﵽʥ֮ΪʲôƼΪǸոճʥ֮
ǰƼ֮һǿ߱ԣձˣΪʥֱ֮ӽ֮Ƽǻָʥ硣
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ӥˣȷӥ̵λӥѾ䣿
ҶʻӥҲһֱ꣬ڣҲ֪Լλڵ׻ڲˡ
ʵӥǺϣ̿ǱػͽȡҲ˵Ļϡ
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˵֮ҶҲûжʲôֱӴӥ˿ٵ뿪Ժһȥ
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ڴ̿治Զվһͬǰ׷ԲԵߣƼҵһ֣Ϊոմﵽʥֱӵ
ڸղţ̿ոսԺܺȻ˵ֱӽڣΪﵽ֮ǿһӿֱչλʥס
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ʱ򣬴ӶԺ⻺߽һߺһ꣬ͥ갵÷ңƼ濴ʱ˲Цݡ
ӴʦΣ쳣Żɽ»
ɫ˲䣬ϸ˵ܣˣɡ
Ҷڴˣһܹʶվߵ꣬ΪҶոճʱλÿռס
ǹҹӶˣձҶ죬ҲҪĺһʦ棬ҹһʦ塣
ӱΪһǿߣΪҲѾﵽʥ֮ҹӾôĲΪҲһ¥ﵽ֮ҶΪ޼˲󷨵ǰ£ҶҪɱҹӣһѵ顣
ӵĻƼһԸ⣬ҲҶ˵ʲôϾһǿߣֱǺԡ
ΪչӵˮƽʥҲΪϱֻҪԸ⣬Ҽ֣Ϳ׾ٵĽƼ
󡣡
ǡ
ƼĻذİ棬˲䶯˵˲ֱ
ˣҲҪʮ˱ڡ
һ̣̿ҵĵһǿߣһΪﵽʥĳǿߣȻڰڸϵ˿


632 ̥
ʦ棬֡
ʱ򣬸ոİ󣬺Ȼܵ˾ҵĲֻһ˲䣬ܽʥסĳ󣬱㱻ݺݵһ¡
˿ڰϵħӡӵɫ˲䣬ô˵ħӡεȿֲ
˭
ƼɫʱޱۿŴ̿ҪԼܣʱȴƫƫ˳ҡ
ȴ׼ֵֹ˵ƺʶȵ˵
ŹӵĻ䣬ҶӥҲ˶ԺڣмߣҶҲû˿ĳɣֱӹڵأ˵Ҷݼʦ档
ӵ½ʱ֮Ҷ޵УȻӲûнҶ޵жٶνһΪʦΪԼ׵ʦҶҲû˿Ľ飬ֱӹڵغ
һʦֱӽеĹɻѣʵ벻ͨʲôʱôһͽҹѾǰ꣬ΪѾﵽ۷֮
ҶУֻһ׵ĻôҶ޵Уǽ񺣵Ҷһ㵽ҲԲı䡣
ʦҶ޵еĶӣҶ졣
Ҷ޵ֺ󣬺ȻȻ˳ſǰ꣬Ҳ͵ĵ˵ͷ˵ĸ޵Сӣ
Ҷ޵ǼҸ
ŶȻȷҵͽˣȻɡ
ߵĻҶʱеһҲûж˵վһߵҹӣ˵ʦ
û뵽겻Ȼɳ˵ز㡣
ллʦ壬м²֪ýý
˵
ʦλÿռ䣬ڵĻܹ˲Ƶ
˵⻰ҶҲɫѾޱҹӣֱӳŹ˵ʦҵѣϣʦܹһ
С
ûеȹ˵ʲôһߵȷȻ˵Ц˴̿棬ô̿ɱԼ
Ǳ֪βɱ˴̿棬ôȵ̿ȥ֮˭ֵܹסһʥ̿͵İɱ
ҪסԼݡ
ǡ
ûпǡ
κ˵ĻᣬӵɫѾº͵Ŀǰʵܸܲһɡ
ĵ˵ͷҶʯֱӹֻͨܿһһڲϵ˵ʲôȻƺʲôһӵӰ˲ʧԭأֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ոջޱȵİ󣬾Ѿ״ݻ١
ӣӽҪʬΡ
ոձݻ٣һŭĴ̿Ѿֱӳվڹߵȥ
ֺһ˿ߵĹӣ֪ԼѾƾӵʵҲֱͣӳԶȥ
Ҷ֣лҼˣҴɱϼһͻ
Ż£̿ƼӰʧҶȴû˿Ҫ׷ȥ˼ǶŹӸллʦ
û뵽޵в󷨵ĲϣȻܹôһ̥ڵʵҹҲȷĶˡ
ʦûбȹô֪Ҳ
ñˣܹţնʥǿߵĻΪʦ˵ҲĶˡ
ӵĻҹɫ˲䣬˼Ŀǰĺ°׷꣬ʵΪɱħ°׷ɱħ
ЩҶ֪ԼɱħǴȥˣֱҶҲ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ӧҡ
õȷҹƺҲԼȻΪѾﵽ֮һѧ󷨣ȻǰĶ֡
ΪڵʵҲԲóȻţҪ˵ԼʦӣҲûǸʵ
ܲҶ죬˵ǵǸһ֮ն˴ʣΪﵽ֮սת֮
ĵ˵ͷڹӣҶû˿Լһһʮ˵˳
Ļӵɫڱ䣬ȵʵ˵ѾɹڵĴ飿
ٴε˵ͷҶ˵ʦѧϰ󷨡
Ҷ쿴ӵĵһ𣬾ѾҪµһǿѧϰ󷨣ȻԼڶѾ˽⣬һľ롣
Ҳû˿ԥֱӴӦϾҶ޵оĵӣҶҶ޵еĵӣҶҲˡ


633 
һһҹ֮Ҷʦͽ»ص˿ջΪڽ죬ҪȺżλ͡
ҶĲ²⣬ˣҲߴ̫ϳ֮һ˭Ͳö֪ˡ
ͷڣһ͵Ŀǰĺ°׷꣬˵û뵽ֻһ첻ʱ䣬Ѿѧȫҵ󷨾衣
ǰ츳Ҫ˵ӣһߵҹӶǸе˼飬һѧ˹ӵȫ󷨣ڵûѧʦ֮һı졣
ʦ̵зʦ棬һ¡
ʰɡ
ҷʦΪѾﵽʥԲ֮Ϊʲôȴٳûͻƣ
ҶΪﵽʥԲҲνİ֮Ѿһ˿־ҪͻƵ֮Ӥ
ݹ˵Լﵽ֮ѾмʮˣȻ޷ԼӤȥٹǧ꣬Ҳ޷ͻ֮
һᵽԼľ磬ӵɫЩ̫ÿ˭ҲϣԼľһֱͣͲǰ
ЩǱר󷨣ӶΪȵ׵ʱ򣬷ӣ֮ͻƣ½ϵҲֻôˣ
ĵ˵ͷһҶҲиܣΪһ֮ڣҲԼΪﵽ֮ƿĹȳλ
ƺܹ͸ķ꣬漴ʵôˣȻΪѾﵽ۷壬Ǿ֮вСľ룬Ѳһͣ
û˿Ҷֱӻشʦһ֮ڱﵽ֮ΪźܴӰ죬Եʦ棬ʲô취һ͡
ǰĻӵɫڱˣոֻǿЦϾ֮ĺ蹵ôԽġ
µһǿ߸еЩ˼ǣһʱЦǰȻôģֱ֮֮һһʱ䣬п
ǲЩ쿪ˣҪ˵Ϊ֮ûдﵽǰ֮ǿߣ˵һ֮ڴﵽ֮
ڹ˵Ҷ᲻֪ʵûа취ҪͬʱԼĽܣͱԼĽӤ
ڵĽӤڵӤͬһ£뵽ĴܣҶҪľԼĽӤ
Ҷ֪ܹͬӤôΪҲȻȻĴﵽ˽̸֮ס
ʱ򣬹ƺ뵽ʲô˵ܹõ㵽ʱΪ޷ﵽ֮Ҳ١
Ŷʦ˵
ӵĻҶʱһϲΪҲ֪ҪֱӴﵽ̫ܣܹһľ磬ôĿֽһ
ܹΪֱĺһ壬峤ͷǵķĩɽ֮µ꺮ľˮ
峤Ƿĩ꺮ˮ
Ҷݺݵĳ鶯һ£ʵʦ棬ǰҶ֪ˮʲô
ǰĿйء
ʥأ
ԣˮʥΪʥˮÿһʥ֮ڶһʥֻҪܹʥ˭ںϣôͿһξˮ
ҶɫѾѿĲѿΪ˵һһѵõ
һ峤ΪѾﵽ֮Ҫ˼ͷϵǷĩ¾ʥض̫ܡ
ڶ꺮Ҫڱɽ֮µĶȻҲˮƣҪǱɽ֮£ҲЩ̫ʵ
ڵˮǾ͸ӳˣʥصʥʥˮһҪںʥˮſһξˮɱѡ
ܹȾ꣬ôΪԴﵽ۷֮ȻٷʦԱ֤ʱ޷ͻƵ֮ʥ֮Ҳضɾ͡
ʥ֮
ȷһ޴ջ󣬿һ뵽Ҷͺ񱻽һˮʲô鶼ûˡ
ʦ棬̫ܿˣ˵ÿһǲܵõ⡭
ûеҶѻ˵꣬ӺȻ˵Ǳ˵ȻܣȴпܣΪϿ̫˵棬ϣܹﵽ֮˵ԸһεĻ
һεĻԵ
ҶѾܹ³λʦлʵʦһλʲô
졣
죿֣ҶҲ̲ס


634 Ц֪
طҶֱǶ꣬ǰҲ֪ȴȫͬˡ
꽣񺣵ڣ½ǿ֮һǴʮ뿪񺣣ȥ죬ǽ񺣣ĴλʣҲͬˡ
Ǹʱ̣ҶѾ뵽Բ򵥣ϾܹʣĵطҲӦֵȥɡ
˹ӵĻҶȷԼ룬ܹ֮˶ǿߣӿ˵Ļйء
㻹֪ҪסҵĻɣҲ룬ôպĳɾ;Բ
΢΢һ̾Ҷףǰʦһ֪ʲôȴԼû˿İ취ܲܶǿɡ
Ȳ˵֮Ĺϵ˵ӵʵƾ󷨵棬Ҫ˵ǽ٣ҪɱӶЩѡ
뵽ҶҲûִȥصĵ˵ͷ˵ʦ˵һõ죬Ҳһ̽
ҶѾãܹһݣôһҪΪԼλʦȡһݣϾӵΪﵽô
ҪҵˣȻһʥ
ʱ򣬹һȵĿǰ꣬ʵû뵽žȻ˿Լͽֱһʥǿߡ
ʥ½˵Ѿվ۷ĴڣǱΪµһŵţӵʥҲϡ١
ߴ̫ϳ⣬Ҳֻеһ˴ﵽѣһ֮ڣž͵һʥ֣ʵùЩССľȡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Σ֮ĶԹ˵Ѳݣлᣬһ᳹ɱš
Ҫҵİ𣿡
ҡҡͷڵҶ˵ʥǿߣҲ£ʥܣôҪɱһʥֱһ׾ٵ顣
ȥɣ㲻ҪɱǸˣһЩá
ס
ҶȻ֪ӵʲôãҲûжʣչ޲ֱʧԭء
ʥ֮⣬ɫЩĿǰĳ򣬾ôʱգҵҶټ
Ҷһս֮ŵߴһ׷ɱĽȴǣ½Ƴǣ´ͨţŵԵס
ʣµ̫ϳϣȻÿ׷ɱҶ죬ξʥıλ쳤ϣҶҲ
С壬ȷҶʥڣ
һԸ⣬ѾҶħ˿ֻǿջЦ˵ǵ̫ϳϣҶסǵĿջڡ
ãʵˣôȥ֮һš
л̫ϳϡ
ɾʱǰȻһλ°׷꣬ˣĮ˵ϱ
㣬֪ģȻҲò
ЩΪǵˣΪԼ޵УǵͷƨǣȻˣôͲҪȥˣ壬ѾãԻصʥˡ
ҶĻɫ˲䣬岻ϲţָһ仰Ҳ˵ΪĶͷ֮ϣһѪ
лɱʵһҲЩˡ
ߣ⽫ʥˣ
ĵ˵ͷزҶû˿ֱ˵һսѪģĲݣΪ𣿡
ƾ㣿

Цʲô
Ц֪ͷ֪

ûڶ˵ʲô֪ΪʲôһкȻһ˿õԤУƺоԼҪɥһ㡣
ݺݵԼһ䣬ֱʹ֮ǰѹȥ
Ҷȴһеһ˿ЦʥܺȻֱ֣ͷųϢǰȥ
ǿߣ
쿴Ȼֵʱƺһ£Ǿֵŭʵ벻ͨʲôʱҶ߾Ȼǿߡ
ǿߣҲΪﵽʥԲĳǿߣһ˿־ȫԻɱʥ֮µκˡ
ڣҲֻǰ̫ϳϵΪﵽʥԲ֮һ̣Ҷ߾Ȼͳ
û˿ǿߣҪ˵һʥ̫ϳ٣Ҳǽӡ
Ҷȴûлɱ죬ΪѾ˵סһҶʥܴ쳯ʥȥ


635 ʥؿ
ҲûиҶ죬Ҫһʥ׸ʲôҶҲûжʣΪ֪Щ¸ʣЩȴʡ
תۼҲڵ賿̫ոʱʥȻϼǣٲһ
ٲ໥һֱӸ˼׵Ŀռ䣬ԶĻٲͺӾֱ˵档
ֻһ˲䣬ʥǶվʥ֮⣬ԶĹâٲһ϶ż֮顣
쿴Ǵ˵еʥͨ
̫ƯˣܹʥҲˡ
ƾ㣿Ҫʥõʥ𣿡
ʵ˶ʱƿԣʥһ飬ֱһǰʥذʥΪֹû䣬Ҳ֪˭õʥ
վȺ֮УҶûйۿǰĹâٲһֱԶһϣΪ˲Ǳˣ졣
Ҷʵû뵽Ҳ֪ΪʲôǸоʥеһ飬ڵ
ʥͨӵʥǰ
ʱâٲϺȻһ翵ٲȻзֿ¶һɫͨ
ʥͨˣҿԽʥˡ
ʥͨ¶һͨʱʮֱӳʮ󺺵ΪǸոմﵽ֮ߵҲֻǴﵽ֮
ʮֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿɫͨǰû˿ĳɣʮ˲ûɫͨڡ
ֻһӣɫͨڱҵ϶¶һ˿֣Ҫ֪ոûɫͨʮ󺺣ΪߵĿǴﵽ֮
ʮ󺺵ǰ֮ʣµ˰ʥڣûһٸǰһĿǰĹâٲһǺȻһ㡣
ʦҳȥˡ
ĵ˵ͷǰҶѾԼõʥ˹ӣڴ»λǿССһ
Сĵ㣬Ҫȥʥ֮ĶԹֻҪס±ɣһ¾õˮڶԼΪ
ףʦ汣ء
Ժʱȥȿҡ
ס
˵֮Ҷ첻ٳɣֱӳɫͨȥҶһȥĻе졣
ŵ죿
ɣ˵ΪѾﵽ˰֮ʥظʲô
ɵΪֻǴﵽ˰֮ûдﵽֻ֮ҪЩγ֮˵ͿԳɾ֮λˡ
Ǹ°׷˭
֪ˡ
ҽ˵˭
˾ǵţնʥɱħҶ죬û뵽Ȼõʥ治֪˻ʥڷʲôĺڴ
˻ʻ˰ܵˣ϶ʱ֮ɫȻûмɱħҶĿǶɱħҶȴ׹
Ҷܹõʥƺһ㶼ȣȻҶЦЦ˵ǵԵû˵ȻҲܹ
ʦأ
ɫЩ䣬ֱҶ춼֪ʦΨһ֪ˣվǰ޳С
ǵֻЦЦȡʥ˵ܹ뿪ʥأҾͽ϶㣬Σ
á
û˿ԥΪҶΨһ֪ʦĻᣬʧȥ㵽ʱȳʦҲ֪ǲһʬ塣
Ҷ쿴Ȼӵʥʱ˲¶һ˿ģֱ޳ܵ˼㡣
Ҫ֪ΪСˮлʱ򣬵쵱ȫµʥصʹߣʥ䡣
أʥѾҶ죬˿еʥʱҲһ¶֮ɫ
Ĺģȴûһ˸վ˵һ仰Ϊÿһﶼ֪һǿߴʲô
ȻӵʥǲǸóһ鰡
һĻȫҪ֪ÿһʥؿƾʥʥأһӵʥҲ˵еһˣҲ൱ڰװ˷ѵˡ
û⣬ϧֻжһʥ˺ֹ˵ʥҸø˭أ
ŵĻڳеȫ۾һ̰ŵеʥǼɵʵ˵˳ᡣ


636 ʰ쵼
ӵʥĶˣһµһŵΪǴﵽ˰֮һȴǶµһţնʥɱħ
Ծﶼһ̰ģȴʼûгᣬϾʥȽܶ˻ǺںԼġ
һƻˣеһ˿Ц˵Բʥŵ˱ˣܹܣôʥġ
˭ȥ
ǣǸ˹
Ļ˶ʱ鱯ϾǺܼɵԶˣˣжȡһ¡
죬ϲĶȻӦҵĶˣǲ鷳
ʱһ༫޵꣬ȻǰֻǸոճ֣һϢֱˡ
֮ʥǿߡ
ոոܵϢ˾ֵŭϾ֮ʥǿߵרУκ˲ð档
˵֪ĵڶʥȻһʥǿߣҲûһ˸ҳһ䣬ϾһʥǿߣܹԸġ
꣬ɫ˱䣬ҶܹԸоԴɱֻɱεĺܺðˡ
֣ʥôύء
˵ŵ㽫еʥӣʱ˿һⶼǳ˱Ӷġ
ΪµһŵӦܵĪ𾴣ǵ˿ľٶѷŭ
ǶΪѾﵽ֮ĵ˵ںЩ𣬴Ƿ񶨵ġ
õʥӵɫ΢ת˵㣬Ȼ˵ҴӦ㣬ֻҪɱˣôұԵõһʥֻǺϵһŲ㡣
ָԼҶжʱһʵ޷ףԼõʥ飬ô֪ģʵˣ֪ԼѾõʥϢ
Ҷ˵ĶԻû˿⣬ھǿ߶ԸŰȫ뿪һ̣ϻһʥʥ赣ʥͨͲῪ
һϵϢҶɫ˲˱䣬仯û꣬꾪ȵʵ㿴ˣ
֪λʥ
СֵܣǷ˵ʰ쵣
ʰ쵼
ʰ쵼Ҷ쵱ȻİΪʰ쵼ȻʱУܹﵽʥ֮ȴǷëǡ
ǰֻʰ쵼ΪѾﵽʥԲ֮ʵҪȵӿֲϾͬȼ£һ߶޵Ķ֡
ҶһףΪʲôҪһʥôſʥڽԼɱԭҵһð֡
ֻһ˿Цһ̣ҶٵȣΪȻڳ˯һֻ޾ѣôʰ쵼Ҳ˲ɱ
Ҷðս֮أõݰİħΪİħҲѾ˵ֻҪһʱԴﵽ֮
ҶȷֻҪİħΪﵽ֮ʱʰ쵼֣ҲֵסİħһС
ӣİħҲҪˣСڣõֻҪȫôΪҲﵽʥ֮
ԲǻСڣֻҪܹһֻôҶ赣ʰ쵼ıơ
ûٳɣֱȡеʥʥ˲Ļʱںһ
ںϺĹâֱ뵽âٲڣֻһ˲䣬Ļ޴ֱӽڡ
ʧһ̣ͨĻûʧתΪһɫռ䣬ʱʥںȻӰֱӳɫռڱȥ
ÿһʥֳͨʥ˽ʥ֮ʥͨͻٴתΪһĿռ䣬Ҳдսٻغϡ
Ѿڽǧ֮ãԶεʥضսûв룬ڶħΪ˼ڽ񺣣Ҳһ
ôε˻ͷϣΪ½Ϊǿ֮һʵ˵ֻһ˲䣬Ļǿ߱뵽ɫռڡ
ħʧ֮ĻٲҲʧʣµˣȫһ͵ĿŸոһС
û뵽ÿһʥͨѪɺΪ治֪浽ʲô
ĿһʧĹĻٲӴҹҲ뿪ʥǡ


637 ̫˼
ĻһҶ˾ѾһƬ½֮ϣ½һ֣˵ۼ

˸ոأһĿǣȻҶѾվǰ˵ΪֻǸո֮קĸƵġ
קʲôקСС飬Ҳڱǰҫ
Ҷ̵ܹˣҲ̵ܹΪʰ쵼꣬һŭ
ȫͣЩĵĿ˿꣬ʵʰ쵼
˻Ҫ˵ʰ쵼ˣҶҲһʥعȻʥأСС
ССȻܹһϳԼ⽭ҲǸеһȣ⽭ʰ쵼ı
ɾʱҶ˵ϺȻȫˣΪǰոջֻ꣬Ȼֻһ˲䣬ϵϢͷ˷츲صı仯
òҲʼı䣬һգ۵ʱ䣬ոջ꣬ȴȻߡ
ʥʥ
һֱûп˵ĵ죬ڸܵɢǿϢʱҲ̲סЩ
ֻǰӴǵĶʥʵ޷ʥصʵ״ﵽ˺ֵز
ƺܹǰ룬һ˿˵϶£ԱǣνʥصĶȻһ档
ҽһ£Ҵʥ֮һƮøʣµλֱʥеʥأɹ
ԣ˱ѡһʥأСӣᣬ㿪ʼɡ
ȫԼҶҲû˿ֱָһλ˵Ҿѡ翻øˡ
ѡԼ翻ø߶ʱЦ͸¶һѡ׼ûĺ壬˵ȻСֵѡ翻øҾһˡ
롣
ĵ˵ͷߴҶٵ뿪ʥͨʣµĵʰ쵼ѡʲôʥأҶͲö֪ˡ
һӵСϣҶ쿴ߵʵǰܸܲҽʥصһЩ飬Ҹոսʥأκ鶼һ֪
ʼգһֱǹһɲЦݣƺ״򲻶֣˵ǰǰĽУԺֱӽϱɡ
ߵĻҶҲû˿ԥֱӿںһϣƳ⣬ɱʥʹߵ飬Ҷҿ϶һʱᴫʥ
ʥطֱ翻ø;ɹÿһʱ䣬ʥؾͻʥֻҪܹõʥͿʥֻ꣬ҪʱԸ⣬֮ȻԼʥӶΪʥصˡ
ϣǰνʥصˣǷȫʥڣ
ԣһˣȫʥڡ
ϵĻشҶûие˿ľȣϾû˵нʥأˡ
ϾʥرȫΪʥأǴ˵ʥһ꣬൱ڴ½ΪʮҥֻҪʥصˣô׳ء
ϣ֪˭ʥؾȻȥ
ҶҲһ˿ȣҲţ»ܹջ󣬱ϾʥصȷʵҪĺá
ո̤ʥصʱҶѾܹܵʥصҪȴ½κһطҪŨܹԶַᲢۡ
˵ˣҲòһţȻûоԼĽ飬ȻܹΪ֮ҾȻܹնɱʥǿߣǲ˼顣
Ҷ緭ˣûоԼĽ飬Ϊﵽܹ֮ɱʥǿߣЩ˵ת֮ս
ϣ˵Ĵˣǵһ֮ɱ˴ǿߵսʣ
һ֮ɱ˴ʣ
¶һ˿죬Ͼʥ֮ڣûгȥԶսӢ¼Ҳ֪١
ȴûжʣһʥԻɱˣһɱʸΪ棬˵Ҳ˵ս죿
Ȼ˵սǰǽ񺣵ˣսǰûа취ԼĽ飬Ӷ뿪˽񺣣һ·սǿߴûаֻܼȴձ˴ʥѹɽ
˵ʲôս챻˴ʥѹɽʲôʱ飿
ĻϵĽŲ˲ͣסһȵҶ죬ʵڲţһʥԻɱˣΪʲôᱻѹɽ


638 ˽
Ҷ콫˴ʥѹս飬һһʮĸߵߣΪҶ쿴λ϶ս첢ûκεĶ⡣
ҶܹԴϸܵһ˿ûڣ˵սⴳʥأ֮Ĺϵܲ
ϣ˼˵ս첢ǳʥʥأ
ĵ˵ͷƺһ㣬ϼ˵ʥͨûпսôܽʥأֻǴһħĵط֮д롣
ħ
ħ֣Ҷٴη˷츲صı仯ħʵ̫ϤˣŰ˴ħڵһħշħڵڶǿߡ
ֻʱֻ뵽ħĵڶ뿪ˣڻһ£Ҷʱףħĵ˵ͨʥصͨ
ϣսΪʲôҪ뿪ʥأ
Ҷ컹ûѣԶսһжǺҶҲû뵽ս첻ԶַȻħʥضˡ
սʥֻ֮ڴ˲ʱ䣬Ϊʹһǽ֮ﵽ˽۷壬ȴǸʱս˵ʲôҲûа취ֻô뿪ʥء
ϣ˲Ը£Ӷѡ뿪ʥأôʥػô죿
ʲô˼
ĻϵɫȻ˱䣬Ͼϲɵϣ껰е˼ˡ
ûʲô˼ֻһʱˡ
ɫѾĺѿˣЩ˵ܹӵʥ˵ʥ֮Ե֣ҪסϾʥأʲôңҲ޷ס㡣
ĵ˵ͷҶЩĮ˵ϷİɣνʥҪΪΪԼΪ飬Ҳʶܵġ
˵ϲĵ˵ͷٴ˵ʥصʵƾУ˭˭͵ķݣҿ˽㣬ʥڣʵߵһֱ翻øѡԵطˡ
ϵĻҶʱеһ翻øʥ֮ʵǿģҲš
ҶȻ翴ʥƺһ壬ֻҪ΢׵˶µĳʵʥصìܻǺܴġ
ǰҶֻǲ²⣬ôϵĻ󣬰ٷ֮ٿԿ϶ʥزǰг
ôպҪ϶ա
ȻֻҪúҿԱ֤꣬ΪȫԴﵽ֮ٸߡ
ڽʥ֮ǰҶѽԼڵĴȫҶޱȵţʥڴˣҲܷǽ񺣵ˣһͬʱĴˡ
Ҷ첢ûԼΪϾ񺣣ҲһһͲˣÿΪΪգ󷽷ͷųԼϢ
һ棬ϲûκεľȣҪ˵ǿʰ쵼λʥҲû˿ľȡ
ϣҪȥʥ𣿡
ʥصλʥΪǴﵽ޵дڣνʥأҶ컹ǺʶһλʥҪʶһһʲôĴڡ
¶һ˿Źֵ飬˵ʲôʥһոսʥصˣҲʥ´ģϷҲֻʥˣΪԼֻ𣿡
ҶƣһΪﵽʥ֮ǿߣһֻʥ棬ӲҪ˵һСС棬Ǹոսʥء
ҶҲûٶʹʥ飬ʵϣҪȥ
ȸҸסĵطסʥ֮òҪܣǲҪˣһǹСû
İɣһעġ
˭Ҳûٿ˵ٵСϣʱҶʱоԼǰһΪ뵽һɽȡ
ɽ滷֣ɽһɫ֣߿ɽȶɢһ˿˿ֱüˡ
翻øλ֣ԺɣҲȸ㣬λڣЩطǲԽģ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶ쿴ǰλ֣ޱȵ𾪣ΪλֱֵŨˡ
˿ٽ뵽ɽڣո̤УҶͺݺݵĲһ£ﰵʥػطֱҪǿʮʮ
ҶֱԿ϶Լ꣬ôΪȫԴӽѹʥ֮ڣڣǰĴˡ


639 СħŮ
Ҷ챻һСéȻСéݼªޱȣλֵɾСéݣҲʤ˼ۻʵĻʹ
Ҷ컹֣λڣסˣֻЩһ㲻¶ˣСéܣȴûһ˾ס
ҶҲ⣬徲ϵĻ˵ʥغ󣬻ʲô飬һ˵
տʼ죬ҶĵȷȷϾôõĻӽԼԲԼ
Ǿڵ죬Ҷ죬ȻеһǿϢԼɫʱһ䣬ΪѾоľȻһֻޡ
û˿ĳɣҶӰֱʧСéڣֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶոʧոջڵСéݾͱһɿֲݻ١
ʮǡ
ɫЩأҶʵû뵽Ȼʥؼ˴˵еʮǣ˵ǿԽĳޡ
ɽֻǸո¶ͷԶٴμһӰֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ӱ˱ٵСéǰ
СڣƤļһαץס̲úõĽѵŹ֡
£ҶֱסˣΪڲԶȻһɫ£ڱŮ
ŮòҶеһļ£ҶƺֻĽѩòܹǰŮȸ£ϸϸȥƺŮòҪĽѩʤһ
ҶʵȻ޵ŮӣŮӵòƺҲһݣ㣿ҶЩƺҲ޷Ůӵޡ
ףȻˣ
ŮĻҶжʱһΪԼعҲ׷û뵽һȴŮ֡
Ȼ֣ҶҲûмȥ󻺻˳ǰŮĮ˵á
Ҳá
Ůĵһ仰ֱӽҶ˵סˣҶҲ֪Լ׸ô˵ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿǰŮ
ʲôˣΪʲôҴûм㣿
ҽҶ죬ǰոսʥء
ûеҶѻ˵꣬Ů϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲɴʵαѡнʥصˣ
ĵ˵ͷҶһֵ̾ķ֣ʵȻ޷ŮʵΪ˵ʲô˵ŮʵߣҲһֱҪϢ
ΪȻﵽ۷壬¿ˡ
ŮĻ֪ΪʲôҶȻһֲõԤУ֮ŮϺȻ䱬һɿֲϢֱӽҪܵĺڡ
Сڣ̸ҹȥڿʼҷһ겻
ŮĻǶʱһͷС򣬿Ͱ͵ԼˣƺڿʲôŮκλᣬֱһ֣Ѿһֻʮ˦˳ȥ
ԼĶŭˣֻε̾Ϣһٵ뿪ʱһǿϢڶ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ϱѾǰϿŮʱ϶ʱ¶һ˿Σ˵橣ôλˣ
ϣģҵһˣҾͲˡ
һˣ˵ĲҶСֵܰɣ
ȻǣѲ棿
Ҷ췢֣ΪѾﵽʥ֮ϣȻŮһ仰ŵĻʧɫ˲˺̿һ㡣
ҶжŮֶ˼ּɵΪڸղţȻŮΪѾﵽ֮
ҶŮʵԲᳬʮ꣬ҪԼСΪȴѾﵽ֮ʵе㲻˼顣
ϣʲôˣ
ǲģҶ׼ŪŮ˵ֱʶ
˭ͷɴˣǧҪסӣҲҪȥСħŮΪƮøʥĶŮ
ƮøʥĶŮ
ϵʶҶжʱһѹϻ˼ɵŮΪʲôŮͣΪѾﵽ֮ԭһøס
СħŮ
֪ΪʲôҲҶһС˵©죬СħŮֱ˵˳ȥ˵֣ϵɫ˲䣬Щɴ˵橣Ҷ죬һ飬ɣ˼ҾͲˡ
䣬ϵӰѾʧԭأֱӻҪܵĿ죬ֻһҶһߵСħŮ
ҶСħŮ橾ô㿴ңҿ㣬ֻ۾ĶŶԷû˿ףСħŮȻ̧֣Ҷͻ˳󻹺ȻҽСħŮ


640 
ȻСħŮʵеܾȣǶһʣҶȴǺܷϣʵҪɱһʼֱһ׾ٵ顣
ҶԼ˺СħŮĻôҪ˵Ʈø޷ϡ
΢΢һ̾ҶԼãոսʥ첻ʱ䣬ȻѲ
Ҷչ޲ֱӶСħŮһȴСħŮӷĹ
ʱҲСħŮˣվԭϸϸĿǰ꣬Ȼʵǲת֮
СħŮʻҶжʱһȴǺĻشǡ
ߣҿǣҪȻΪʲôͷ׷ΪȻﵽ֮
Ҷ첢ûлش⣬Ϊ֪һЩ˽ǼֱԲûʲôֱ
ҲЩĮ˵ԩ޳ңһҪˡˡ
ҶӵٺõƢټɵŮݣһֱôĹʥҲᷢŭĸҲˡ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬲ԶСħŮȻݺݵ˵뿪벽뿪ȥ߸ף˵۸ңʱ򡭡
һЦСħŮҶԲôôһСħͷȲӲģֲܡ
ûа취Ҷֻͣ׼뿪ĽŲתʵˣ㵽Ҫôֱ˵ɡ
Լ֮£СħŮϲ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ֻҪӦһ飬ҾͷŹ㣬Σ
˵ɡ
Ҷ챻ǰŮĶҪˣϣϿ˦СħŮŮ˵ʲô飬ֻҪܹӦģҶԲᷴڡ
ֻҪܹȡһҲٴ㣬һʵΣ
СħŮĻҶôԼͲǰŮ˵ĻأȴԼѡشãҰõǼϣ㵽ʱҲӦһ¡
û⡣
û˿ԥСħŮֱӻشȻ˵һӰ㳯ǰķȥ
εҡҡͷôһСħŮһĮˮҶ죬Ҳֻܸʰ·磬Ҳȥ
橣㵽ҪȥϿ˵ˣҵĵ֮⣬طȥ
λҶҲ֪СħŮ֣橣Ʈøʥصˣ˽¶ΪСħŮ
ʥص˶֪СħŮʥصĵλжôĸߣƲСħŮһʥף˵СħŮʦһλֲĴڡ
СħŮĸײһʦҲͬһһ£ʥػ˭̨˿ֲˡ
ȥ֪ˣʱɲҪŵƨͺá
һᱻŵƨҿɡ
ߣҪ˵ĺȵҪÿ
˵СħŮٴμӿٶȣһǰһ󣬾Һĸߵٵ
ʱλֵ˵ǰһ޼ʵӣҶλֵĿռ޴
ǰĿĵأȴһõɽͷɽͷܣȴϸˮһɫʺ磬ֱ˼ɾ
ҶɫȴԵޱأΪɽͷǰСϪһңд翽أ
橣ƮøĽأ
ĻСħŮϳϵûκε֣Ҳһ֮飬˵ôˣ
еֻһ˿ƣҶνʥأҪΪ飬ԵһΪܹԼΪʵ
ڵڶ£취ȡʥʥڵ˭ȻȫںϣˮôҲˡ
ڵãֻǸոսʥ첻ʱ䣬Ȼ˼ҵĽأʥص֪˵ֱӽϳʥҲ˵
ݺݵıһվǰŮҶ㲻翻øʥŮ翻øĽأһӶңֻϧҪ
һ£㲻شңҲ㡣
֪ΪʲôҶֲõԤУϾƮøĽأɲΪ򣬵ʱôĶ֪
СħŮҲûֱ˵㲻ˣæΪ˵õɽڵѪҺ
˵ʲôҪõѪҺ
СħŮĻҶҲʧΪףСħŮеʲôĴڣֻоΪﵽʮ֮ſԱ֮Ϊ


641 
ĵ˵ͷֱڣСħŮҲûκε˵ɽأסһ˵ϣܹҵõѪҺ
橣ֻ㣬㸸ԼƮøʵƺҪԶְɣ
Ҷʵ벻ͨΪʲôСħŮҪԳ֣Ҫ֪һƮøҲʲô
ʥֻҪɳһ񼶱ǿߣѾܹȫɱһ˵ƺܹ³룬СħŮ˵ʥ֮Լʲôʱʥضܶ֡
Ϊʲô
ΪʥǷġ
΢΢һ̾ôʥػǰȫҶʵȻʥ֮ԼΪʲôҪ
ΪҪѪҺһҪ˵ˣϿȥȡ
Ҷüͷ壬ЩĮʵС㣬ΪһĶ𣿡
ҶԼʵǻûäĿţˣ˵񶼻Ϊﵽʮ֮ĳޣΪܹͻƣҲһĶ֡
֮Ĳ࣬һԽĺ蹵һҪɱһ棬ƺֶóһԻɱһˡ
ƺǳԶһ㣬СħŮС۾˰ڣ˵ܹҵõѪҺôҲһһ飬Σ
Ҷ죬Ӧ
ʱҶԺ֮кȻһҶʱһϲΪ˵ĲǱˣѾչһľİħ
ҶõݣİħͿʼչأһʱ䣬һڳˣҶİħȻѾأôҲԤʾţİħΪѾͻƵʮ֮
֮ǰҶû˿ģôһ̣ȴǳޱȵţΪﵽʮ֮ľİħһ˵ôֱҪϵ
ҿԴӦ㣬õѪҺҲҪӦңʱҪȡһЩʥˮΣ
ʥˮҪʥˮʲô
ҶҪ֮СħŮ̳ԾʵϾʥˮʥ˵˼
Ҷ˵ҲûҪѪҺʲôҪʥˮкôһƺҲûбҪʰɡ
ĵ˵ͷȻʥˮʥ˵ش󣬿ΪƮøʥŮҪõʥˮһ̫ѵ顣
֮󣬷ȡѪҺһ᲼һǸҲܷǡ
ҶһΪʱҪõѪҺôƱػһ춯صĴսƮø֪Ȼܵ˼ҵĽغ֣ǻˡ
СħŮ˵Ҫסһ㣬뵽ɽ֮һͨѡߵǸͨ뼴ɣͨǧܽ룬ƮøĽأ𣿡
Ľأ
ҶЦһԼɽ֮ڣȥͨǶԲԼȴ˵İɣһͨġ
ƺǲģСħŮкԥʥ֮Լ֣ܳҲԳ֡
òʥһˣʧȥλᣬôҪõѪҺҲ֪Ǻµˡ
ԾôģСħŮջѡǰ꣬ȡһŵɫӣֱա
һеֱӽɽȫ֣Ҷ췢֣ɽƺѾȫϢҲ޷ɽȥ
ȥɣǾ仰ͨ㲻ܽ룬Ը
İɣҲġ
ٴЦһҶӰѾûɽ֮ڣֻһ˲䣬ҶѾɽڲСħŮ˵ͨ
СħŮ˵˵ߵͨڣͨƮøʥء
Ҷ죬İɣһ˵Ľɱ
ʱҶߺȻһ󺺣һ֮õľİħѾﵽʮ֮Ļ
ܹõҾһ˵ҾͿͻλ֮ʱ򡭡
λ񣿡
Ļ֣ҶȻôףϾֻ֪޵ΪﵽʮѾĴﵽľ硣
Ҷ죬޵Ϊﵽ֮һΪ磬ֻǸոմﵽһ磬λ֮滹λ֮ͳ֮
λ֮ǲ൱һʵ


642 צСھ
ĵ˵ͷλ֮֮͸¶һĽϾλλ֮Ĳ࣬ˡ
İħһʲôط
Ҷ죬֪ΪҺãҪõİħһܣҴܹΪλѾ֪㣬λ񡭡
뿪ʥ֮һ˰ɣսʤ𣿡
ҶûΪ֪ЩʱҪ˵ʵʣѾ뿪ʥ֮󣬾㻢صİħһ壬ؾһ
İɣȻڻûдﵽλ۷壬һ˵ľһĵģҶ죬ܹͨڸܵһ˿ֲϢȰ㣬ܹͨǲҪĺá
ĻҶ˲¶һ˿֮飬ô˵ΪѾﵽʮ֪֮ҪǿĶࡣ
еļµҶףʵȾָѾ˽أģҶʵڷŲ¡
ƺܹܵеǷݷŲ£ЦЦ˵Ը⣬ʱͨһ̽
ĻҶмĿһߵӣȻǩƽԼҶԼռ˺ܴıˡ
ϾܹӵһֻΪˣֱ֮٣οΪİħһ壬ʵ֮ǿ󣬾Ҫͬǿܶࡣ
ʲôҲû˵󻢰صҶսڣҶŲߵͨȥ
һֳֺСҶɫЩ䣬ΪͨڣȻ˴˵֮
ʥ֮ھȻ˾˵֮˵ʲô
֪ΪʲôһҶȻʥزһ˿ɣ뵽ħȻܹͨʥأ͸˵һС
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽һ޴ĶѨ֮ڣȻ˯һͷаɵľ޴ɫ
ǰĽɫҶ緭ˣΪ壬ΪǿֱǺһצһ塣
צһľǽɫ⣬ŵֻצҲΪʲô֮Ϊצԭ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣ翻øĽڣȻһͷצȻ峤Ǻһ壬צʵҲɡ
һϲ飬ռƱ֮⣬ʣµľ˯˯оȫϲһ飬еľһ˯Գ˯ǧꡣ
һ񣬿˵еľ˯ʱ򣬻ֻ𣬿һȴֱΪ档
һҶԿ϶Ǿǰֻצĵȷȷˣƻûȫָ
һҶӻȡ񽣣һĳצȥΪֻҪ򲻵ѣԲԸ̬ļһ￪ս
ȻצˣҶȴ֪צķô󻢰ܹܣҲḶصĴۡ
ܹս£ûǱսѪһͷ˵Ͳһʲô飬ϾѪҺǱѪ
СΪ˾Ҷ죬ǿбƳʮαѪҪõ˵СڵΪֱ½
Ҷ죬ҪСģܹоֻצǿΪƺѾﵽλ֮
צλ
ȻҶĽŲ˲ͣ£󼱲ɴʵСڣˣ
Ҹոľ衣
ΪѾﵽʥ֮
ϧûһֻΪﵽ֮һԽ˻һͻƵʮ֮
СڵĻҶʱеһΪȫﵽ֮ʱҪ˵ץסĽ¾Ǳˡ
ôܹȫľͺãո˵ʲôǰֻצһֻλ񣿡
ҶһֻΪﵽλ֮צʲôһֻλ񣬾ԿڣһʵΪǿצ
ҶţڴˣצĻʤļʼãϾͬȼ£޵ʵҪǿĶࡣ
ûΪǿ壬Ǻһ֮⣬ʣµľצһ壬ҵļƺǿߣһֱצ֪ΪʲôצһûˣһĸֶûУǺһſʱư塣


643 ټĹ
飬Ҷ컹ǵһ˵ԭһ岢ǿĴڣǿĴԭצһ塣
Сڵ˵צһѾȫûˣצһȨҲô׵ġ
ǰΪѾﵽλ֮צҶıݺݵļ¶һ£ֻһλô˵лᡣ
ǰľȻһλ񣬾ǻ֣Ҳ˿ĻᣬϾλλ֮ʵֱ̫ˡ
Сڣǲû˿İ취ȡϵѪҺ
Ȼ֪ܣҶʵڲԸôϾܹõѪҺĻʥˮҲ䡣
ô˵ǰľһλʵȫԿһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣһй֮޲
Ҷ죬Ȱ㻹Ƿɣһλʵܹ󵽵ģԷˣһҲܹȫɱ
ҵи취
ĻҶжʱһϲ󼱲ɴʵʲô취Ͽ˵
˵
СһڴߴٵʵϾܹа취õѪҺҲðһˣòѪҺҶȫܹĵȥ֮ߵǸСħŮô
ȻצΪѾﵽλ֮СڱϾҲǺһ壬һɹ˾תҲ˵⣬Сھһε峤Сڡ
ĻҶһʵû뵽ԼתڸСڣȻ춨С鳤ĵλ
Ȼ峤Ҽ̳峤֮λģʱҪ˵̳峤֮λ廹׷ɱҲ˵
ôأ
㵱Ȼ֪תֻܵ峤һĽӰˣ˽ߣһ׷ɱֱ䳹׻ɱΪֹ
Сڣ˼˵ܳΪ峤
ûпܣת飬Ҳһܹκ֪
ݺݵ̾Ϣһ˵ôڻ˾תǰֻȴ֪
˼˵צһ峤ķϣ˵ȥ߼ѪҺ

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С˵ʲôҶֱӾܾСҲ˵ˣΪǿ壬һ˺һ֮⣬ʣµıצһ塣
峤֮λצһǿߵΣڱһᣬǰֻ񲻽壬ֱӳ֣µʱ˭Ҳֹˡ
Ҷ죬Ҳ֣ѪҺܵõ
òѪҺҲװȥðգʲôҲҪ˵ˣѾȥ̽̽ͨ
Ļһ˿ǣϾʱѾҶ죬ͨеɵϢ
λûֹҶ죬ֱѡĬΪҶΪ˰õݣԸðս֮أһݶ黢һֱš
ʣµСڣǾ͸Ӳ˵ʲôˣҪ˵ͨҶɱСڶκεԹԡ
ҶٵƳѨϾԼع򣬿ǶѨڵľʼնһλʵܹ͸ġ
Ҷո뿪Ѩոջ˯ֻС۾Ȼ仺¶һ˿Цݣû뵽һȻҲƭҪûˡ
˵֮צŲһ¾޴ֻ۾ٴ£ʱһֱѨƺڲһ㡣
ͨҶһʱ֮˵ΪСħŮĻͨƮøĽأһҲͨڸܵһ˿˿ɵϢ
ҶɣͨǲҲԾסһֻλ񣬷ΪѾﵽλ֮Ļеļ¡
Ҷ죬һͨ𣿡
ʱ򣬻Ӱٴγڲǰһص꣬Ҳһ˿֮飬пܣԲԸҶðսС
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мͨ
ƺѾ¶ģҶûκεĳɣֱŲ֮ͨУмͨȥֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ӰѾȫ׵û뵽ͨڡ
ϣҲ²Ĳģ롣
һ䣬󻢰ҲŲҶȥȻһֳֺͨͨĳƺҪȸո
һʱҶͨǳǰľȻһƬãĿռ䣬ռڵĹأÿһĹ涼ɢ޲ֲϢ
Ĺأ
ƺԸԼһУҶ緭ˣΪǰĹؿռ䣬뵱ԶַʥĹأֱһģһ
ԶַһΪ㣬ڶ㱻ΪʥĹأ˵Զַĵ㣬ĹأһҶȴûκεĻʶһ´˵֮еĹء
ҶȴԿ϶ǰÿһĹɢϢϢҶ¿һ飬ռڣԼŽ߰ٸĹء
Ҳ˵ռڣ߰ĹأҲ൱߰ٶǶôһֲ֡
Ҫ֪ȫ½Ϊܹﵽָ֮µһţҲֻӵˡ
ǰĿռ䣬Ȼ߰ٶĹأ߰ٶŵ½֮ϣֱҪ˲½
ѪҺ
ƺ뵽ʲôҶɫٴһ䣬ΪԶַʱ˵Զַڳӵʥ֮⣬ѪҺ
ѪҺȫΪﲻ֮ǶԺ·벻ĺô
ڸղţһͨһֻΪﵽλ֮뵽ĹأҶҪ϶Ŀռ䣬ǵԶַ
ЩҶҲȫͨˣԶַͲʲôȻɣʥУֻʥһֱɱ˰ˡ
Ҷ죬ǲҲڻɣ
ĵ˵ͷԶַСҲҶУԶԶַ飬СҲǺϤ
ʣµĻɫѴ䣬Ϊڽ֮ͨǰѾ뵽ܣֻȷˣֻû뵽Ĳ²ġ
ѹִ½ϵԽԽ٣ԭǱֻأЩѾǳ䡣
ٴε˵ͷҶЩ˵ʥزôˣڸոǸͨڣҸܵһɾ˵֮ɴ˿ֻλǱ˶Ѩ֮ڣСħŮ˵ʥ֮ʲôԼ
Ҷ죬˵ڸô죿
ҶҲһΣϾʥأΪֻﵽ֮ʥҪɱ½ָͷö


644 ռ
ǽˣҶһʱ֮Ҳ޷ϾǰĿռԶַԶַȴǿػ
ǻ˳ȥɣպһٻһ̽ġ
ҶľǻСڣ޶û˿ķԣ󻢰Ҷٵ뿪
վһͨ⣬֪ΪʲôҶֲõԤУƺͨ棬аĶһ㡣
Ҷ죬ǲҲѾоˣ
ͬҲһأΪѾﵽλ֮Ǿİħһ壬аĶĸӦ
ĵ˵ͷҶڻҲû˿ֱӿʵͨ浽ʲô
֪ҿԿ϶ͨаʲôڻȷҶ죬Ҫһ£ܹУûǲҪȥˡ
ĻҶжʱһҲû뵽ͨߵĶ˼룬Ҷ컹Ǿͨ
Ҷû˵ʲôֱŲǰͨȥֻ̾ϢһҲ˽ȥ
ͨȻֳֺͨڣȴ޾ֲ֮һͨڵֱ֮С׼ס
ﵽʲôطʥ֮Ϊʲô˵ط
޾Ŀֲ֮Ҷɫѿ˼㣬Ϊֱ֮ħڶƽᲢۡ
Ҷ죬²ǰ㣬ôʥ֮һŷǱѰĹϵһɣ֮ʥص
ڻĲ²⣬Ҷûκεı̬Ͼ绢²ǰ㣬ôʥؼֱ̫ˡ
ԶַʥרŲ£ھȻ֮綼ʥأһһͷλ˵ʥطǱѰ
뵽ҶĽŲ˲ӿ죬ܿ죬Ҷǰʱһռ䣬һ֮Ӵռ䡣
Ҷû˿ĳɣֱӽ뵽ռڣո̤ռ䣬Ҷоһɹɿֲ֮
ǲǶĪĺô
ĵ˵ͷҲû˿˵Ǿİħһ壬аĶźøУܹ֮ȷĪĺô
Ȼǲңҽп
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ҶĻû˵ֱ꣬ӾܾΪռ䣬пܾǵ֮׵֮һռ䡣
֮׵ʲôطһųޱǿĴڣǱΪµһڵţ¾Ͳ׵κһȡ
ȻҶΪѾﵽ۷壬ҲţҶʥǿߣҲû˿ĵǣʥ񼶱ǿء
Ҷ죬һ˰ɡ
ĵ˵ͷ󻢰ٴλصսڣû˿ĳɣҶֱӳռȥ
ͨ˵Ҷ֪ռڣһΪʮȼֱһ飬飬飬ơ
ʮ飬Ǿ൱֮ǿڣҶѾ֮أʵڵ֮粢Ǻİ
˽ʱҶռĵһǳأһΪĳǳأǳظߴޱȣƺ춼һ
εЦЦҶû뵽ʱûжãȻٴλص˵֮磬Ĳʲô֮أҵ֮׵ص֮һռ䡣
Ҷ׼ǵʱȴػڳ
ֻ֮࣬״̬ڣܹ֮ͬǿڡ
ʲôˣΪʲôǣ
¶һ˿֮ɫΪһ̣Ҷ콫ԼϢȫأҽϢȫʮҲ޷顣
ǴǶұġ
壿
ǰһֱͣʣҶû˼˵ʲôҲȥġ
ոռ䣬ûռͨõĻңֻʵϺȻһǿϢȫ֡
ʮ飿
ʲôˣ֪ˣˡǰɡ
ϵǮȫ
ǰĻӵǧԸ⣬ҲֻùԹԽϵǮƽҶ쿴еīɫʯͷʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ΪռõľȻʯÿһʯڣ̺ޱǿ֮


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һĿŶԷ챾թˣȴû뵽ûеõκεĺôݺݵһ١
ˣʮ飬ǳҲҪĶԴܹסСҲǲ֮еˡ
˵Ҳԣһһɣʮ飬ҲޱǿĴڡ
ȥɣš
˵֮еһٵĳųڶȥǳһʮ飬¿ɴСˡ
ʮ飬൱Ϊﵽ֮ǿڣռ䣬ż֮ϵ飬κεĳǳأǵλĴڡ
뵽ڣҶҵһСƹݣҪ˼¾Ʋ˶νռ䣬Ҷ첢ûдʲô
ϾεҪĿȻʥأռ䣬ֻ̽һʥռ֮䵽ʲôϵ
С㼸¡
ӳʯҶֱӿʵȸҽһǡ
ϡ
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һ͹پˣǣ֮һ֮µʮ֮һǵĳһż飬ʮУʵҲǰ
ռһĳǣÿһʮǳأǾǣ֮һǵʵȴʮǳ֮һλ
յС˵֮ǻĩβΪǵĳܣһֱûʲôĸ֡
ôҵǣ
СռҶѾνռ䣬һҪȥռһ̽
͹Ҫȥǣ
ҶĻСɫ˲䣬ΪռǣռΪʥĵط֮Уֱǿ֡
֮УûʵĻͻΪײ㣬Ϊūûʵ飬һ㶼ѡռǡ
ʵռڣʮǳ֮⣬С͵ĳǳأռڵ飬һѡЩС͵ĳס
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûκεĶŭô˵νռ䣬κε鷳
͹٣ˡֱԣ֮һֱս죬ûѡӪʵ֮УǺܲǵĳˣһʮǿڡ
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СĻҶжʱһΪʮѾ൱Ϊﵽʥ֮ǿߣû뵽ǣǵĳȻʥǿߡ
Ҷеһ˿ȵǣ֮ȻҲŶԹʲôطⲻս
һῼǵġ
ҶĻС˲¶һ˿ϲã˵ȻһǵĳˣΪһȥǣܼˡ
ڵСµʱ򣬾ƵȻһŲ˾ٵĽƼңֱӳҶ
ˣС¶һ˿ͷֱ˵ԭǿˣ֪¥кιɣ
ǻӳ֮һһʮӣÿһһӳжӳСӳ
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ʣµĴӳʣΪǴﵽ˰˼飬ȫ൱Ϊﵽ֮ߣʮǳصĳȴʮ飬൱Ϊﵽ֮ߡ
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ߵҶǰֱӿ˵飬ȥɡ
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ݺݵĿһǰĺ°׷꣬еֻ޾ĽܹһСӳӼôôպǰ;Դпͼ
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646 Ĵʥ
֪մǰкιɣ
ûҶĳض׷ϾռڴССĳǳһҲˡ
ҲҶ죬ǰǣҪǵĳˣ֪Ƿأ
ǰĻɫ˲˱䣬֮һСССӳлǵĳ
ڣܹΪӳκ˶ûκλˣڣҲֻʮӳѰˡ
ǰĺ°׷ֻ꣬ǸոսǣȴҪֱˣһ뵽ոı棬ŵľȡ
ı棬ǰпһʮ飬ǣ˳һʮ֮⣬ûеڶʮ顣
Զһʮĺ壬ˣǰһʮĻôҪ˵ˣǽ֮ڣҲһϯ֮ء
ǿ֪ͬռ䣬ʮϵ鶼֮٣ʮǳأǳЩǿĴһ㶼ѡǡ
Ҷ£Ƿܹһ⣬Ƿһʮ飿
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û˿ԥҶֱӻشΪһصص࣬ʲô飬Ȼʵ֣ΪȴѾﵽʮʵȴȻ顣
ĵ˵ͷĻ֪ΪʲôȴһϾһʮ˼
Ҫˣʵ޷ڿԻȥһټĻһ֪ͨ㡣
鷳ˡ
ĵ˵ͷǰ꣬û˿ĸ߸ϣΪͷβʼ޷͸ʵΪ
Ҳ˵ĳǿϢĹҪȻʵΪҪǿĶ࣬Զ꣬ͷβǺܹ
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СӳѾӵ߼ʵռǿҪȴ½ϵǿ߶࣬뵽ҶбйθС
Ǿ֮ػռ䣬طǿ߶ˣ֮һӵ׵أô׵صǿ߼Կ˲κһ
ֻҶڻ޷еȷǣʥ֮֮䣬ʲôϵ֮ʥôʥصʵֱ̫ˡ
ռţλʦ֣һӡͨ˵Ѳڡ
ҶѾ㣬ôԼҪһ̽㵽ʱòʲôҲҪһǳ
ʱ֣Ҷֱ뿪˾¥ǰĽֵȥߵһƧĽֵʱҶЩĮ˵λҵк£
ʱ򣬽ֵԺȻܳĵӰȫߣҶеЩȵǣ߶飬һ޶ࡣ
ռȻ࣬һҶЩΪǵ֮һ׵أỶӭߵĵ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ뵽һܣǾǰȻֵߣпʥصˣҪȻܳռ䡣
ƺѾµ룬еһߺȻ˵ʥأȴǣ˵ɣռ䵽Ҫʲô
˵ͬʱϵϢȻ併٣ֱһ̣Ҷ֪ȻֵߣΪԴﵽʥ֮
ʥǿߣʥصȷһԻʥأֱһ̣ҶҲѾȷʥռ֮䣬һĳϵ
֮нռ䣬ҳڻص½֮ϣ֪λռкιɣ
Լʥص飬ҶһδᣬΪԼǴʥؽռ䣬ôҲһᱩ¶ԼѾ֪ʥصĽأӶ³ʲô
ȻһֱںʥأҶ֪Լʵûǿ󵽿ԶԿʥصͬʱѡʥΪУһǵѡ
ƺ˵Ҳûκεľٶ߼˵뿪ռͨͼ㰴յͼָʱͻ뿪ռ䣬Ϊʲôռ䣬ûбҪ֪
СӣҷȰһ䣬ռ飬ȥ֮ʲôҲҪ˵Ҳ뿪ռ䣬ǽֱӶ֣ʱҪ뿪Ҳûôˡ


647 صĺ
ߵĸ룬Ҷû˿⣬ԷĻ˵һ˿ɵֻʥôƾʥܣɵˡ
ҶҲû˵ʲôϾʵ޷սʤʥҪ뿪Ҳһ׾ٵ顣
߿ٵȥҶҲûκҪ뿪ռ˼еĵͼҶû˿Ҫ˼
Ȼڻ뿪ռ䣬һ죬վҪٴνռģŵͼʱռ䡣
γҶҪ뿴ǣκò׽ռ䣬õʲôǸӶԲԼ
ô˵Ҳռʮǳ֮һ֮£ʮǳ֮һҶţǣ˵ܹ벻ػ
ţҶɫ¶һ˿죬Ϊһ̣ǵһ򣬶϶Ĵһ˿˿ĺ
жʱһҶ컹ΪԼǲǳ˻þϾǣֻǵһȴź
˽ʮӣҶڿԿ϶ǵĳһһ˿˿ں
û˿ĳɣҶٵĳźȥֱʱҶһΰĴǰǰд֡
ö²⣬Ҷ쿴ǰĴѾ֪ǳĳֻոǹɺ㳹׵ʧˡ
е⣬ҪҪȥһ̽أ
ǰҶ첻֪ԼòýȥϾһʮ飬ǿ൱漶ǿߴڡ
ȥĻҶЩ̫ģϾǵƺޱǿһֱָоǾɺܹĳֻԵһ㡣
һ˼ǣҶջǾϾЩץסˣʧȥλᣬָԼʧȥʲô
ҶޱǿţڣֻҪԼԸ⣬Ҫ˵ǳǸոʥҲ뷢ټ
ֱչ貽ҶӰ˲ʧԭأԴӾڵĴ飬Ϊﵽ۷֮޲ٴһΡ
ȻҶ޲޷˲ĵزҪһ㣬Ҳһ̫ѵ飬Խ󣬸ûһܹҶټ
ǵҶ뵽ǺǹɺʧӰ٣¿ɾҶ죬ԼðΣսڣΪľܹҵոպǵˣȴǹˡ
ɫЩأϾҲǹɺ뿪Ͼڵǿ߶ۼ޴Ĺ֮ڡ
ɾʱ򣬸ոպǵٴȴȸոС˼֣ҶϸҲᷢ֡
ЩƣҶҲûжɣֱӳķȥڰʱҶ˹һҡ
ǰʯţҶеһ˿ȵǣڵʵһССʯţȻ޷֡
üӲʯš
ǰ˼δʯţҶ¶һ˿֮飬ڵĽٵתܲһ
ô˵ﶼǣںǵκˣǵǿߣôʱҪռ䣬¾ûôˡ
Ե½ȷԼµĽȻ£ҶŶڵϽݺݵĻǰʯ֮ϡ
ûκε⣬Ҷ첻Ϊﵽ۷֮ڵĴҲѾѣʱҶӵеĽѽȡ
һʯϣʯű㻺Ŀ¶һңֻмƽף֮ҲûʲôһŴһӺһӡ
֮ڿһˣҵĸ䲼֩пԿѾܶûˡ
֮ڣҶȻϸǵֻһʱ䣬ҶѾҵ˸ԴǽĿһǽ
Ҷеһ˿ƵǣҸûʲôأôҪǰʯǽϲ̫ܣܼýôһʯǽ䣬ʱԼ뱩¶ҲɲԼˡ
Ҷ϶׷Ź֮вңֻһŴһӺһӡ
Ҷֻ¹ǲôңʼ޷ҵʯǽĻʲôطڸոպǵȴԽķӦǿ
վڵжҶ첻ϵԼһҪ侲


648 ˭
ңҶȻ俴Ͻǵ֩ΪڣطѾϸ⼸֩
Ͻǵ֩ǰҶĲïܵ֩Ȼ֩±ߣһͻʯ顣
ϸĻ뵽ʯǽĻػ֮֩ڣɶ칤ҲԭΪǺܾûԭ򣬲֮֩
Ľ֩µСʯ鰴ȥʱ򣬸ոջһʯǽȻ俪ʼĳһŲš
ʯǽ֮¶һޱȵͨɫЩأ룬Ҷ컹Ǿȥһ̽
ô˵ѾʱùģôҲźҶ컹ѡͨ
ڵͨҶȫƾŸ֪ߣȻΪﵽ۷֮ɻûܹںҹ֮пı졣
˺ܳʱ䣬ƺһͣƺһӣҶͨľͷͨͷһ˶ҶҶм䣬ڷһ̨
̨֮ϣڷһЩϡŹֵķڸ̨ˣȴһεʯԲֱ̨֮ϡ
ȾңȾҡ
ʱ򣬸ոպǵٴα֮飬ȴǳǰĸ̨֮ϡ
жʱһֱһ̣ҶѾԿ϶ɴˣһǱڸ̨֮ϵ⣬֮ǿƺҪ־֮ϡ
ΪҶѾʶʵԶյ־ˣԱͷųǿ

ողµԼ룬Ҷбоһ˿֮飬ϾϣѾǿĴڣһ£Ǹǰġ
֮ǰҶ֪յ˽һУҶҲһ˽⡣
ΪﵽԲ֮һЩ־ͬǰ־һոѧ·ĺһ㣬վһߴľǰ˿ûлʤĿܡ
Ϊﵽ֮ͻȫչ֮ʱҲﵽһ֮һҲ᳹տռ֮ӵнռͨ
Ϊﵽ֮ҲӵѹռͨΪﵽ֮ôԴ֮Ӷӵѿռͨ
Ҳ˵Ϊﵽ֮ǿߣȫ֮Ҳȫ˿ռ֮ͨ
ǰ֮µˣվǰһ㣬֮½Ϊϣ֮£ϰĴڡ
ԸŸ̨֮ϣɢҶϿԿ϶̺֮ſռ֮Ҳ֮
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ѪʱҶͺܼɵת֮ӽ뿪ҶȥѪˣΪʥؿֻݻ
ֱڣҶҲʱʱ̿ٵѪİΣϾһʲôˡ
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˺ܾãҶʳԼеĵһ⣬ǻشȴȻǾȾңȾң֮г֮飬ֱᡣ
ߣٲشҵ⣬뿪ȾҰɡ
мֱƼˣҶҲ֪ӡڸ̨֮ڵˣǲʱ̫ˣӡΪɵӣֻ֪˵Ⱦ֡
뿪ֻҪܹҾȳȥһᱨ㣬ҿԸһҪõĶΣ
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649 үү
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ΪսʣǳԽ񺣣ҾǰãѾȥһ˽񺣣ҾԼĴ顣
ܵս뽣źֶԹһ̣Ҷﶼ֪Լǽ񺣵ʵѾȫ϶ˡ
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ҶλĴ񽣸ҽľڸе˼ѾԲҶԭҶ
νʳӣҶףսҶ֮һʲôֻԼûѣЩ黹֪ˡ
ҶĻ̨֮ڵˣٴμ鱯̨ٴǿҵĲƺһαһθӼ
ӡڸ̨֮ڵ˼Ҷ֮¶һ˿ɻ󣬾ԼͬһطҲڼɡ
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ɾôһǿĴڣȻ˵˶ý񺣻Ҷ֪᲻ᱻĳԲ·
Сӣ㲻þȣҶǸСڴˣҲκεԹԣ𣿡
ҶеӵĲ˼飬̨֮˵˼뽣ҶĹϵͬһ㣬ڽ񺣣ûһλУӦû˵
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үү
Ÿ̨֮˵ĻҶ˲˵أѱĳմ緭һ㣬þ޷ƽ
Ҳ̫ܳ˰ɣԼʲôʱֶһүүԼүүȻ˴˴ռ֮ڡ
үү֣Ҷеİ쳣Ͼǽ񺣵λףǽλףλ׶ûиףҲûүү
һ̣ôһط֮˴˵֮еүү˵ʵҶʱеӦˡ
㵱үү
ôС㲻ţոճֻǸոձһ£ͳ⣬Ҳʹǧûмˡ
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ʱ䣬Ҷ̨֪֮ڵˣүүĻôҲ˵үүҲͱҲǧˡ
ǧ걻ͬһطʵôǿҲ̲סį¶үүҲøոǱ
㣬үү
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾԿ϶̨֮ڱӡˣĵȷȷүүΪոո̨֮ںȻһǽĴ֮ףҶҵĶн
Ŀð䣬ȴ򲻿ð䣬ҰɽǿҶѾȫȷԼүүΪȷﵽ֮ǼͲö֪ˣϾڵΪֻǸոմﵽ֮֮ŲСľ롣
үүôģ
̨֪֮֮ԼүүʱҶѾΣҪԼүүȳȥܸκεĴۡ
үүԼȳôʱǲܹһԲҶţԼҶ֮ĹϵҲԻ⣬һڽĺ壬ˡ


650 ꣬Ǻô
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үү˭ģ
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ڰүүĻһλʥӡ⣬һλʥҲӦû˵ʥӵ

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СӣҸ߹㣬㾡뿪û뵽Ȼôͱ²ˡ
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ô˵ľ󲻽ǽ񺣵һ󣬶һµһľҪסһʥӦòѡ


651 ֣˲ɱ
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һжҶķչʥܶսʥԼսһʥʣµһʥ˲䱻ľ֡
ҶԼʵһʥĶ֣ǰʥ֮µˣȫһսԻɱʥ
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652 µһǿ
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СڵӡҶԼֱ˷ܵ˼㣬Ϊ鹲ĺ嵽ʲô
ҶүүҲҶĸףһҶԣǧǰǱʥѹ˵λţͻƿﵽߵľˡ
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ǰҶȻܹĴ飬ǲպҲܹΪ֮
СʵҲôϵҶʵȴޱȵĵģԲŻȲʵ
һ㣬Ҳ޷ԤϣֻǾ飬ɾ;Ѿͬһ㣬ȻĴ飬պܲߵڵһҪĻԵ컯ˡ
ˣôռģ
һתҶԲûж֮ϾƺܹҶԲԸ̸⣬Ҳûжʡ
ƮøĽڣⷢͨԾ˳ϣռ䡣
ǵõʥ
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ȷѭұʥƭ˴ҵӾȳʱһʥظӦеĴۡ


653 ү
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Ҷںû˿ĳɣҶֱ뿪ľȻĴ˲С
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ھԼĴʱҶѾϾպҪĴܣĴϡ
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ȻҶһ˿Σǻǵǵʵô˵ԷһΪﵽʥǿߣԱпǿߡ
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ԶھǵǿߣҶû˿⣬ֻҪȫɱ⣬Ȼ·ӡµȵʥط״Ҳ֪˭ɵġ
޵İҶֱ̨֮£˵үүҪôܹȳ
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ĵ˵ͷүү˵Ҷܹ³֣ľ󣬾ʥҲַܷӡơ
үүӦϣǰӦӦܹʥķӡƵô˵үүһĳǿߡ
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Ҷֵͬʱӡڸ̨֮ڵҶԣҲڵү̨֣ʼǿҵĲ


654 Ҳܼ
ү֣Ͻ
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ʵҶ뵽Լүү걻ʥ͵Ϯѱ٣ֻǽүү֮ӡڸ̨֮ڡ

ĵ˵ͷԼүүҶҲǵһμ˼ҵүү࣬ͬǰ׷Բԣͷ׷һĴ֮⡣
үүܿˡ
ôڳˣһ죬һʥظӦеĴۡ
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ҶԵ֮ٵĽ뵽սڣȻҶԱΪѾﵽ֮ǲôڶ֮ʵֻбʵ֮һѾܲˡ
ҶѾܹүүôһñ֪үүѾӡκˡ
Ҷͨʱʬ壬а˾żʮЩʬȴûһʮ顣
ֻǿһۣҶѾףβûоǵλǳûг֣⵹Ҷеһ˿ɡ
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һҹ֮˽ʮжӳʹӳһʱ֮䣬ǶƶǵĳҲգ׼κ׽
Ҷ˵ʲôΪҪ뿪ǵĻֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ҷȴû뿪ΪڵһˣǵĳΪֻпǵĳſԽǣǳ
ڶ죬һ¥ҶܹԿһҹû˯ɫЩ԰ףϾǳô飬һСӳȻûʲôΣ꼰ǲ
ԲҶ£ǳһ飬˻ûʱӼ㣬Ѿ˵ˣȹһټģʱ䣬Ҷ»һֱĺá
꿨ĻҶɫ˲䣬ʵµ˼Ҫˣ
Ҷˣ⼸ǲ̫ƽǵҶµİΣԲŻˣҶ¼¡
Ҳܼ¡
ûеȿѻ˵꣬ҶֱĻشҶȻʶһǣǵĳҪסԲЭ
ܼ£Ҫô
ʱ򣬾¥ٴ߽ˣ󺺣ߵĴ󺺴һ£ұߵĴǴһ£󺺶һƺǷԪǮƵġ
ڴˣ״ˣλôˣ
ƺҶ첻֪˵ĵλֱӽܵҶ£һ£λʮλӳλֱǺڴ״ˡ
ʵûн˵˵ڣڰ˫ɷֱǼʮλӳڰ˫ɷΪױġ
Һڰ˫ɷǾż飬൱Ĵڣڣǳ֮⣬˻治˭
ߣҾ֪㲻˲Ҫˡ
ǣˣС˴ˡ
ڴ˵Ļû˿ĵֿΪСӳӳ֮䣬һԽĺ蹵ںڰ˫ɷ͵Ҳվ˵һ仰
̬Ȼʶ࣬ڰ˫ɷĵ˵ͷתǰĺ°׷꣬ʵǣ
ǡ
ԼոǣҶû˿Ͼ˶Ϲӣϣǰĺڰ˫ɷҲţֱӻش
֪˽ʮӳжӳ
֪
Ҷ֪ܲ
ЩǵĴӳжӳСںͻֻɱģֻҶȴɵԼɱЩӳжӳҪ˵ܹǣҲܲںǣŸҪҪ
һֱల£Դǣͳô飬ǲǸýһ£
ڴ˵ĻҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɻʵҺθɣλ˲Ϊҵʵܹɱʮӳжӳɡ
ҶĻڰ˫ɷɫҲ˲ת䣬ʵҲܻɣҪɱô˼ż飬ʮ֣ˣҲ


655 ̿ץ
ôǿߣûҵ֣ںڰ˫ɷֻϣܹҵһʱһǵΣ
һʮӳȥֻʣӳжӳȴ˽ʮһ
ƽʱ˶ǿߣҲų㣬ȴͬΪǳѾĶסǡ
ռǣֱƹܣȴǲô֮ʱĦչս
һ˶ǿߣʮǳصˣһ˻͵ϮǣܣôһŹÿһˡ
ôʼնɣ⼸컹²Ҫ뿪ǽ֮󣬵ʱһỹһɡ
Ҳأ
ִˣôֻöǿн
ЦһССľżˣҲ൱Ҫɱˣֱɱ
¶һ˿м֮⣬ǰ󺺣ֱӳž¥ſȥ
ľٶֱ˾¥ĺ䶯ڰ˫ɷʲôˣǿӳżˣʵҲԿǰ
ڣ˳⣬ڰ˫ɷϿǵʵۣʲôʱ˸ˡ
Ҷ׼뿪¥һ𣬾¥ˣѾ뵽Ľҵڰ˫ɷˣһкýġ
ȻѾߵ¥ſڵĺ꣬ڰ˫ɷɫ˲һ䣬ֱӳȥӴϢֱӽ¥֡
ż飬ֻ൱𣬶Ϊֻдﵽ֮Ҳʮ飬ܹγԼ
ںڰ˫ɷֱͷųɿֲâ֮żڵҶ˵ϰˡ
ɫ˲ת䣬ҶϺȻһɿֲϢɱ¾ֱͷŶǰ˿Ļ֮
Լϵɱ¾򣬺ڰ˫ɷɫ˲һ䣬Щֵغʮ飬ⲻܡ
ڰ˫ɷʵڲţոջһ꣬Ϊʲôֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ȻΪʮ顣
ʮ飬ڰ˫ɷﶼڣҲֻгһʮ飬ʮż֮Ĳ࣬Ͳһ֮ϡ
Ҫˣ֪ɷ񣿡
Ȼԣȥˡ
ڵ֪ǰȻһʮ飬ڰ˫ɷ̬˷츲صı仯ƺ굱˳һԴ
ڰ˫ɷ̬ȣҶĵ˵ͷջԼɱ¾뿪˾¥
ڰ˫ɷһ֣˲Ϊڰ˫ɷոһʮ飬ȫˡ
ֳһʮ飬ڣֱ䶯ޱȣϾڣ˳һʮ֮⣬ûеڶʮ顣
ڰ˫ɷҶٵ֮⣬ûκεֱӴҶ뵽֮ڡ
ҶǰԵȣϾ͵
ĵ˵ͷҶ첢ûж˵ʲôǾվԭأȴǳĵô˵ڣߵȨߡ
ܿ죬һϹߴӺҶһ̣ʱһΪҶ첢ûκεϢֻһ˲䣬߾Ѿȷǰһʵȵʮ顣
Ҷºãǳ
á
һʮ飬ҶﲢǺ⣬ڵʵҪ˵ʮ飬ʮһ飬δط
֪Ҷ¼кιɣ
ڵ֪ǰȻҲһʮ£λƽո߸ϵǳȻҲ̬ƽȵݴ֮
Ҫһǵĳˣ֪ǷԸһأ
ҶҲû˿ĹĨǣΪûжʱţϾ翻øڣһСħͷǵ
Ļɫ˲䣬Ϊǵĳ˴ʲôռ䣬ǳ˰ȨĴκ˶ܷԸ
ǵĳʮ飬൱ʥǿߣȻʮʵѾܲǶ˵Щ
Ҷ£ǿˣҲҪи׼һ㲻ʮһ飬ǲ׽Ӽġ
ĵ˵ͷҶ쵱Ȼʮһ൱ʣҲֻʵ飬ҲʸӼʮ顣
ģʱɰ취ó˽Ӽҡ
ʱ򣬴֮ںȻܽһ飬ŵˣĴ̿ץˡ


656 ̥
Ĵ̿ץˣ
µǱһľȣҶɫҲЩɻ
ǿߵˣСںͻޣһ̣Сڻǻս֮ڡ
ôץĴ̿˭¾ҶҲͿˣѲɻ߽뵽ռǡ
̿ʲôط
ҶܹӱϿһ˿ţϾܹɱ˾żˣǳ⣬˭ܹ̿ץס
ߡ

ǡ
˵λٵĶȥӵʱ䣬֮⻺߽ļ飬ѹһˡ
̿ͣһͷһŮ꣬Ҷеľǣ˵ĵȷȷ飬һĴڡ
ˣɫҲǶʱһ䣬ռһֱûһȴˣΪЩ̫š
Ҷ뱴еһ˿ǣ֮УͷΪҲȷﵽ֮Ҳ൱һʮ顣
ŮΪǶﵽ֮ͷȥˣͷʵǱԳ֣Ҳһܹס
ʲôˣΪʲôҪǣĴ̿ǲǣ
һʳҲ˵һλǳеķŭϾʮǿһҹ֮䱻ɱδ档
ʵͲǣǵĳҲˣҲ֪ǲĺˡ
ǲǴ֮̿ͣطȻһȺԭʮˣȴֻʣˡ
֮нռ䣬ĻҶеһð뷨ĲţϾ֮׵أÿһǼصĴڣʥطͨҲ޷ҵռλá
Ҷ첻ţҲһţǱȴûһƣǿǰͷʵǺˣ
ɢ޹ס
ĵ˵ͷʵһ²Ըµʵܹ´˵ˣӦûûаɡ
¶һ˿֮飬˵ССǣҲ뽫ϷˣǿЦ֮ħɳʮһ飬Ϸ˳㡣
ħǣ
֣Ҷ뱴ɫˣΪħǲһСǣռ֮һһʮ顣
֮ڣʮĳ֮⣬ʮһǿڣȻ׵ΪѾﵽ֮֮ǿߣҲֻйԹͶķݡ
֪ħɳʮһԸ£
ˡ
ˣǲĴ̿ͣ˶࣬ռˣԶԲֻ·һˣ˴ȥʱ־͵
ǣˡ
˵˴ȥȻռ֮䣬ʱĦȴһͬͬһˣǾࡣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһռڣǵκһǳأֽɱġ
Ҷ£ȴ࣬һǾͳΣ
ã뿪ˣһһ
˵ҶҲûмҶȥӰ֮ںȻ飬ҶڵĻһ֣ᷢȻʮ顣
ҿЩ⣬ֱɱˡ
ɣȻֻһʮ飬֪Ϊʲôϸܵһ˿ظУҲµĲһйأȥǣٳֲ١
Ӣ
һʮ飬³ڳ⣬ûһ֪βҶ죬¶ڰĴʮ飬Ҳˡ
Ȼǳ˱⣬Ĵʮ飬ǳ֣ߡ
ռ֮ڣҶʮĶԻеֻһ˿Цո뿪Ѿ뵽ռڣʮʵܷټ
ʱ֣һƧ֮ڣɫЩ԰׵ڵϣΪٵȰʱǱʱ䡣
үүεǰˡ
Ůò㣬ֻȴһƬɫ̥ǣòŮֱӳô뵽˵
ĵ˵ͷԼŮĻҲһ֮飬νռ䣬Ҫһ飬ȴû뵽ǾȻħǷ֣һʮһ׷ɱʹѣ˵ȥϵˡ


657 
ܹصҼ⣬ҿ԰뿪
ʱȻһ°׷꣬еֻһ˿Įǻһ˿Ц
㣿
꣬Ů۾ƺһŭ𣬶飬ҲһУ˵ʲôɡ
ʲôˣ
׵ɫҲ΢¶һ˿ɻΪ֪ΪʲôǸоǰλ꣬ƺһ顣
ƺѾеɻҶֱ˵µĺܶԣҲһ飬һһߡ
Ļ˹ƺ֪⣬˵ɫǴ㣬ʵ벻ףǰΪʲôһģһ
ڣû˿ͺһ㣬ֻҪ֮ǿ̫࣬ʵ֮޷ġ
ЦһҶ콫ԼϵȫתҲûκεĻɣϾϸ
ҽҶ죬Իĵ۹ƳǣҲ֮дռ䣬ţ˲֮дİɡ
Ҷ죬ƺû˿˵ܹܵǿȻҶ澳磬˵ûǲ֮дռ䡣
үү
ŮԼүү˵ʱǹȴ˰֣˵û˶
׿ǰĺֱ꣬޻ʵ㽫ǾȳȥҿԽǽռĿĸ㣬Σ
û⡣
ˣνռ䣬ҪΪռ䵽һʲôĴڣǵõ׼ȷϢռڣһ
ˣ
ڹ׿˵ˣҶû˵ӡ֮УҲûκһʲôˡ
Ҷ첢֮ˣĸν˾;Բ򵥡
Ҷ쿪ʣֱӻشҪ˵㣬½֮ϣܹ֪˵ˣҲ֮١
˵һʲôĴڣ
ǰɢ޴Ϊ˵ֿʥأӶ齨ˣΪľܹʥأӶͷųЩԶַڵ񡣡
˼ԶַʥΪס½ϵ裿
ǧǰ½ϵȻܶţëҲԲ㣬ֱٵЩˣΪʲôΪʥΪ½ϵһ࣬ͻӰ쵽ʥصĵλʥͨգʹڶʥأҲԶַڡ
Ҷ֮ǰƮøȻͬԶַҲţԶַʵʥ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾףǰͷ˵Ļʵֻһ벻ף˼ȻʥضԿѵͲʥؽһš
ƺеɻ󣬹׼˵ҿȷĸ㣬˵ǿ󣬸ĵԸ⣬ҿˣΣ
ûȤֻ뵽˽ռ䣬ֻĸɣ
Ȼᡣ
ˣʵʵ˵ɣνռ䣬Ҫõʲô
̡
̣
˽ռĿģȻΪ˴˵еĳ̣ҶҲʵһ¡
Ϊս¼֮Уżؼĳ棬Щνĳȫ֮ϵĿֲڡ
ҶԼӵеĴ񽣣һ׿ֲĳֻڵʵ޷ȫʹ׳ˡ
ս¼أҲڳǵһλΪ˵£ֻνĳȴԵ޹ʵʧؼ䡣
Ҷе𺳵ǣĳȻռڣѹ˾գҲҪռ䡣
һ˼ˣҪ˵һ뵽˿Ҳἷͷ
Ѿҵ̵䡣
Ҷ֪ͬû㹻ģǸ׽ռģҲ˵Ѿ̵֪䡣
һҶɲʹ˷ŹпܣҲԲŹᣬ˺ˮ˶ˡ
ȻѾ̵䣬Ҫọ̫̃ܡ
˼ʵռ֮һħˡ
ҶĻش𣬹Լ˲¶һ˿ڲȻֻҪϵı飬ҶѾȷԼһ㶼ûд̵ȷħڡ


658 ʮļ飿
ҶѾµҲûشµһû̵ȷħǣҪħڵọ̃ϲ̫ܡ
˹׵ĻҶȴûô룬ΪռǣΪߵĳҲֻһʮˡ
ʮֻ൱ʥǿߣҶޱȵţֻҪǳͬʱϣܹħȡ̡
Ҫǣɱʥصʥʥﻹļ׷֮ҶɲΪǳʵһܹǿĴʥ
֪룬ҲΪ֮ڣΪߵҲֻʮˣǡ
׵ĻȻû˵꣬е˼ѾԲˣҶʱһʮ鲻ǿߣ˵֮ڣŸǿĴڡ
ҶռڣʵָûаʥĴڣֻʮ֮֡
˼˵֮ڣʮĴڣ
ʮ鲻ͬʮ飬һʮ飬Ѿ൱һ񼶱ǿڣڵʵһ񣬿ֵĻᶼûС
ĵ˵ͷħǵʮ飬Ҳһ֮ɫϾһ񼶱ǿߣֵܹסġ
ǰǰ̫ˣ֮⣬ռڻһʥأ˵滹ʮļ顣
ʮļ飿
жʱһΪʮļѾ൱֮Ҫ˵ռ䣬ʥڣҲ۷Ĵڡ
һҶȫ֮ʵжôǿһռڣڣôʣĴ׵أҲͬڡ
Ҫ˵ʮļأʮ飬Ҷ춼û˿취ħڵ̡
΢΢һ̾ҶѾΣҪǰħһˣûϣܹõ̡
νռǿߣòǰɣ
Ȼǡ
ˣҸʵѾ꣬ڽǾȳȥҲҵŵԣ׼ãҴ뿪
봦˵İʱֻʣ²ӵʱ䣬ȻҶ쵽ﻹʣҲûټȥ
Ĵֱӽ֣ȻҶΪѾﵽ۷֮ǵռȻܴ˽롣
ֻҪװ뵤ռ䣬µʱڴˣҲҵǵκټ
ˣҶҲû˿ĵǣʵҪ֮ڴ߼ˣֱһ׾ٵ顣
ĵˣֻһ˲䣬˱Ѿ뿪ھ¥ҶҲûн˼ô˵ﶼǣҪñǡ
ʱҶ쿴ǰˣ˵ǻǸϿ뿪ռ䣬̲ܹȾָġ
ˣҶȻû˿ĺøУҲ̸˵ͷʥأҶҪչһˡ
ĵ˵ͷ׵ֱûȫָҲҪọܹ̃˼Ӵɳǿߣܵõ̡
ӻȡһӣ˵˵ӣֻҪ㵽ʱȡӣȻۣպдʥص飬һҪס֪ͨˡ
ӣҶĮĻشȻҾͲˣǡ
˵֮Ҷ뿪˳ǽ֮⣬»صǣΪ뿪ǵһ뵽ľͻô˵˱⣬Ҳֻôһ֪ȥ
үүΪʲô˵ߴˣ
Ůһ˿˿ĵǣȻѾ꣬ȴûм֪ϾʥزǺǵģû㹻ǿʵ֤£˸ḡˮ档
ȴһĵĮѾʧ꣬˵ʥܹͣôǶԸʥؾֶһơ
үү˵ʲôոǸǽ񺣵ˣ
ǱˣһᷢȻǽ񺣵ˣǵԼ񺣵ˣҿԿ϶ǽ񺣵ˣѾɹԼĽ飬Ҫ˵ˣǸϿ뿪ռ䣬ȥ
뿪ˣٴ˷֮УòҵĴ̿ͣȻƽ޹ʵʧñѾΪЦǣڸǱ̧ͷ
һһҹ޹ȥڶǿߣҲ޹ʧ˵ֱһ衣


659 ɵB
Ҷոս¥󣬺ڰ˫ɷ˹ɴʵǰȥˣ
ȥﻹҪ֪ͨ𣿡
ǰЩãڰ˫ɷҶ˵ʲôϾһʮҪɱǣֱֻࡣ
֪ǰ꽫Ƕ˻ɱʱǰڣ˭Ҳ˵һ䡣
żҲǺܳ㣬һʮȽǲֱ࣬һһء
ǰˣǰȥǵȻҶʣֻǳҶǰһץ̿ȫʧˡ
Һ£
Ⱥڰ˫ɷ˵꣬ҶѲͷʵҶһɵԼֻǻɣûȷ֤ݰˡ
ҶĻشֱż޻˵ǳķԸֲܲ¿żе¡
ȥ߱̿ͲҲ֪һҾͻ뿪ǣǰǣ޿գǾͲͬˡ
˵һ䣬Ҷֱ¥Ҳûпһֱۣ¥˶еһ˿˼顣
Ҷľٶûнڰ˫ɷǳûз֮У黹ûз
һ̣ûһ˸Ҷ˵һ䣬Ͼһʮ飬ڣ޵еĴڣǳҲδظҽô
¿ɳ˺ڰ˫ɷΪ֪ǵʵ޷ǿҪЩʲô
Ǹô죿
ҡҡͷһʮ飬˼ֱû˿İ취ڰ˫ɷٵ뿪¥
ڣɫЩѿǰĶˣʵ˵ģ
ǵģҶͻ뿪ǣǰǣ˼ûг涼ν
ߣһʮ飬Ҳδ̫߿Լˡ
Ϣŭ֪ΪʲôǸоظУĸ᲻ţ
ڰ˫ɷĻϸѿڣûһ˸ĿŵĽͽֱǶһơ
֪ˣȥɡ
ˣҶҪ뿪ǣǸô죿
С
ǣ¸ˡ
ڰ˫ɷȻ׳ΪʲôҪΪµǣȻʲô˿ٵ뿪֮ڡ
˸ո뿪ƾճߣʮ顣
ô
ɫĵ˼㣬ĺһ㣬¾һͷҲܹ䶳
ˣá
һߵĻ˶Ե˵ͷĴʮһͬƺʲô˵뿪һߡ
¥ڡ
ҶȻǶһ˺žƣһ뿪ǵ飬һ㶼ûзϣôҪ뿪ǣ»ûܹס
ҹɫߣһҹתۼڱûǰҶû˿ľȣĿһǣֱӳԶȥ
죬Ҷ칺һŵͼļռǵϸַʥصλãͼȴûκεıע
뿪ǴԼҶеֻһ˿ЦΪʮ͵Ϯ
ҶҲûҴ˵ıܣҶͣ½ŲĴϢȡ˲䲼ľ
ľڣҶֱڵϿʼûȥˣǵ֮
ǲǷǵټ
ڵеֿ˿ٵĻغҡҡͷ϶˵ܣǵعʮһ鶼δܹǡ
ֻǵϹ
Զ꣬Ҳʱֹ֪ǸֻǵϹʱȻһ꣬һҶ컹Ҫĺꡣ
ɵBǿûУ
ʮ鶼˹һ㣬ɫ˲䣬ǾʲôˣΪʲô󣿡
ϢԼ꣬ԼĴʮȫ𺳻ˣҪ֪˶ʮ飬ʮ֣δܹĹǵ׷顣
˭Ƕ֪˭ȻҽɱңǿЦ֮һȺɵB
ǲŪˣʲôʱҪɱˣ
ǰĻ϶¶һ˿ɻ֮飬֪˵ĵʲô˼ƺ뵽ʲôٴξҶһģ


660 
ĻĴʮ飬Ҳһޱȣÿһ˶ʵû뵽ǰȻҶһġ
ö²⣬ǰʵʮˣȻСޣǲô˵СڵΪѾﵽʮʥ֮
ʮʥ֮Ѿ൱һʮ飬ռǣҲ޵еĴˣҪ֪ǵĳҲֻʮˡ
ɵBˣССʮ飬Ҳ۵ֱԲɡ
˵Сûٿһۣ˳ȥһʱ䣬ʮѾȫվľǰ
û뵽ôּˡ
˫ۣҶжʱЦһ߳ľСһ壬ʮκεĶ
Ҷ£˵õһǰǣû뵽ȴһⲻҽϣڸˡ
Сڵ壬ʮһʱѾףǲҪ˵ɱǰ꣬ʱԼס
ֻһ˲䣬˾Ѿ˹ʶβٶ֣˼Ҷ쵱ȻһʱҶȻˡ
޲˲չħӡֱСȴʮȥһ־оɱһϣ
Ҷ죬㵽ʲô˼
¶һ˿ЦҶĻشҪôȻҰ·ɱңôҪñɱĽȥɡ
ҶΪѾﵽ֮Ҫ˵ʮ飬ʮһǰû˿ӡ
Ҷ컹Сڣû֣һ·գʮȫƽѲúõľ֮ڡ
ҶʵҪ˵漶ߣʥУҲδܹȫˣʮոսľȫ¶һ˿֮顣
Ҷ죬㵱ΪУ
ߣкβңȥɡ
ȻѾѡ˻ɱˣҶҲû˿ĳɣľ˲ڽݺᣬֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ոջˣΪʬס
Ψһڵʮ飬һѾȫľڣ˵֮ȫľա
ոյʬףҲѾɢռ飬ʵ֮һ״̬ϣʮ֮ľǴ֮
Ҷ죬ڻɱˣǷиǣ
ȥħǡ
ʵҶ챾ûдǰǣϾħǣǣô˵ҲҪħһˡ
ջĴ񽣣ҶֱӸ·ռǣֲռ򣬷ֱǶУħȴڱ档
ǾħǴԼ·̣·Ҷֱ˽ʮŸеǰһ޼ʵĳǳأҶҲҴһ˿𺳡
ħǵ֮Ȼĵ۹ĵ۶˽ٱֹӾ֮¿ħǾͺһſѪڵĴ죬ǳضɢһ˿˿ɭ֮
ɵħǣǳ˼ʶ
˵ҶֱӳǰħȥҶֱӽһʯ㱻УǳزһҪǣϽһʯſԽ롣
ħŲͬȲ˵СǷ̶ȣһǧǣҲħǵʮ֮һ
ħڣֱǿ֣ʮ鵽ɼʮһ飬ҶҲܹܵŲ١
ʮ飬ԴҶħǺ󣬻ûиоһˣϾʮѾ൱ʥĴڣûʲôش飬Щǿ߻ϲ֮С
ȻҵһҾ¥ҶͳʯȻҪ˼СһСƣ
ħǵ·ϣҶֱӳ˼˼ϵʯ¿һ£˼ϵʯԼ˼顣
ʯħǣҲһ൱ƵĲƸƣҶֱȡǧʯħǹһԺ
ҶѾ׼νħǣƱҪọ֪̃Ϊʲôһָоƺ֮һ˿˵ϵ
ٴȡٿʯҶٴιһˣҲļڣûЩˣħ˵ע⡣
νħǣҶҪΪ̵飬Բ򲻵ѵʱԼȱ¶
һʱ䣬ҶֻǶԼĶԺһûпԴΪﵽ۷֮󣬲ôʼն޷ͻƿﵽһ֮


661 
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ҶܹĸоԼڵĽѾﵽٽ㣬ȴȻоһ˿Ľٵǰס
Ҷ죬ôˣǲǻûиܵĽٵ٣
ĵ˵ͷҶҲһε˵ѾоڵĽѾﵽٽ㣬Ľȴʼ޷٣Ҳ֪Ľٵʲôʱ١
ǰĺ꣬Ҳһ֮ɫһ;УҲ飬Ҫ̫ܡ
ƺʲô˵Ȼ޷Ľٽ٣ȴа취ٴθ塣
ĻҶ¶һ˿ɻ˾תһʹСڵľŵαѪһѾﵽ˿ֲĵز
ҶţľתܹﵽתĻôʱʥǿߣҪƿҲһ׾ٵ顣
Ц˼˵Ѿ˾תСڵıѪҵıѪĻţʱһԴﵽߵһز
ȻʵڻոտڵʱҶѾ³һЩϾİħһǿѾ˿塣
һΪѾﵽʮλܹ֮õѪǱѪô㲻ʵҲ벻ĺô
ʵҶ첢֪֮Ϊܹ֮죬С뻢ĹҲ٣Ͼһֻ޽ԼʵҲ벻ġ
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ڻĺ⣬Ҷ첢ûоܾϾ£ʵֻٴǿſӦһв֪ĺ
ĵ˵ͷҲû˿ֱӽʮαѪ˳Ȼٵ뵽Ҷڡ
СڸҶʮαѪҶֻеľŵΣʣµһΣȴʮФ
ٴθлһҶ˫ۣڵĽٵתһֻʮαѪҶ챾ķѾﵽһΪֲĵزԲסʮαѪĳ
֮ҶĶͷ֮ϻһ˿˿ɫѪҺʱһѪҺҲ˳
ȻѪҺǺɫϸȥһѪ˿ǴɫһѪ˿ȴɫֺɫһγһֶһ޶ĺɫѪ˿
СڲǺһ壬ҵΪѾﵽʮλ֮±ѪСڵĺá
ıѪȫС֮ǰıѪһһһʮŵαѪѾȫ뵽Ҷڡ
ʱСڵӰȻڶԺڣǰһʹҶ죬е˵Ầġ
Ҫõǿͱ븶ۣħǣҪọ̃ҶʵԶԶ
Сƺ˵ʲôǻȴû˵ʱȻ˵ϿٵγαѪ
ĵ˵ͷҶ죬Сڸû˿ԥʧȥѪΪʵҲŲСĺ
αѪ˲ֱ뵽ҶڣСڵαѪոջһʹҶ죬΢˵㡣
ʱҶȻһҶı󻺻ĳӴĺɫÿһȳм֮
ȳոճҶȫ¿ʼɫۣһͷɫİ׷һ̵Ҷ쿴ֱһ
쳹֮ϣǻȲ½˵Ѿħˡ
ǰʱҶʹͣҶҲ˫ۣȻΪȻûͻ֮Ҷϻ̲ס¶ϲ֮顣
оô
ҶתѣСڸæеʵҲһڴĿǰ꣬ʮĵαѪѾҶȫգЧ˭Ҳ֪
䣬ҵľתҲڴﵽ˵תǿţʥҲƿҵ
ȱϵۣҶľϲѣΪѾﵽ˾תĵתٶȸǱǰ˲֪ٱ
ӵ޲ҶٶȾѾֲˣһ˫ֻҪһȣֲҲ޲ٶȿһֹ
ҶĻ϶һϲСڣתĵתʲôˡ
СΪѾﵽʮʥ֮תҲѾﵽ˵ڰתϾһ壬Ҷȴһصصࡣ
ҪתתϣֱЩ̫ܡ


662 ʮ弶
ȶһ³ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶӰѾħ֮⡣
ÿ죬ԼٶȣҶҲʵԾһٶȣʥǿߣҲ׷
˫ٴһȣҶӰٴλص˶Ժڣһ˿ϲ˵лˡ
ãô죿
ҡҡͷ̣ҶҲûиõİ취Ȼħǣȴ޷׷ٵ̵䡣
Ҿİħһ壬һǿһоҲܹҵ̡
ĻҶʱһϲ󼱲ɴʵмɰܹҵ̣
֪ԽǿǾİħһԽŸӦǳĻ֮ڣһ̵ܹܵϢ
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˻ͨҶ첻κεĳɣȻνռû˿ջ񣬵ܹõһƺҲһܲ顣
Ҷһεħǵÿһ䣬ʱһգ۹ȥǻȻû˿ҵ̵䡣
ħǴЩţתʱ䣬Ҷ˲ǿħȫתһ飬⻹ûκͣ£߰춼δܹħת顣
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ħ֣Ҷɫ΢Щô˵ħǳĴʮ֮⣬Ÿǿʮ顣
ȻҶޱǿţʮĻƾ転ʵҲû˿вȴݾߡ
ܹȷħڵ˿Ϣ𣿡
Ҳұ֤
ǺãǾȥһˡ
˵ûڳɣֱӸħħħ֮ڣǶһĵĴڣħǸ߼ףԶԶȥһͷ˯ʨһ㣬ɢһ˿˿ֲϢ
ԼĵռڣҶ첢ûС뻢ţ޻صսڣ򲻵ѵ£ǾħǶֵġ
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˵һûħڳʮ֮⣬ȷʮĴڣΪһ֮Уһλɫ԰׵꣬ڽ˫š
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ʮѾ൱ǿߣҶѾȷǰϣһһǿ
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ĵ˵ͷȻ˵ˣҶҲû˿˵νħǣȷΪ̶֪ԸԸ⽫̵ҡ
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ҶĻʱЦ˼˵ô׵ọ̃Ǿͱ˵õˣ̵֪֮䣬ûһܹõΪħ£һֻΪﵽʮ弶


663 һ
ʮ弶
˵Ҷɫ˲䣬緭һ㡣
ʮ弶Ѿ൱һϣ⣬ΪǿĴڡ
Դǰϵʰ񺣵λڣڶʧڴ½֮󣬴½Ѿûڡ
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Ȼ޵Ϊﵽʮ弶ǾǶ״̬Ҷȴ֪ʮ弶ĳһôĽû˿
ħµֻʮ弶Ҷ첻ÿҲ֪ռڵޣ½ϵ޲һҲ״̬ڣֻȽǿһЩˡ
ƺܹı飬ﲢû˿⣬ô˵˭ʮ弶񣬶ᱻ𺳡
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ȻԼʵţҶ컹ûŵƾʵͼֿʮ弶
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ȻĻû˵꣬е˼ҶѾˣʮļҲħ壬Ҷ쵹û˿ľȡ
֮ϵĳڣʮļ飬ҲһȤԷʮ弶泬ػΪ˵õһЩνʮļ飬ҲһᲩһ
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ĵ˵ͷںȻֵˣû˿Ҷ֮Լһһʮȫ˳
ոսҵˣһͬһʮ飬Ϊ磬籾һֵܣڴ󺺣˵ֶΪϣħǵĳ
ĻЩɻʵ磬ȷ˵ΪֻǸոմﵽ֮
Ҳῴǲ֪ΪʲôǸо˲ô򵥣ôʱܹħ壬ӶõǼĻħǾͿԳΪڶʥء
Ǵ磬˵֮ħһУиʮļǰһһֻΪﵽʮ弶ػҪħ壬²ôס
Լ˵Ļ᲻֪ǲôħһУڱصãǰеɽ𺣣ҲҪһ
֮󣬶ܣһħ壬ϣħǡ
壬Ҳȥ
УԴӱչֱڶûгأܹǰħ壬ܹõǼĻҲһ㡣
ᵽڵʱ򣬲绹ϣ϶¶һ˿ݣΪħǵڣҪ˵ħ֮ڣʥأҲޱǿĴˡ
ƺ˵ʲôȴֹ˵¾ô֮һħ塣
ģǼħڱصãǼ϶٣ҲƻҵĴ¡֮ںȻɫһϲ


664 ħһٲ
֮ħ֮⣬ʮѵȺڳǽ֮⡣
ȻҶֳΪֻʮ飬ʮڴȴԶԶһʮ顣
һʱҶյĴħڳʮ飬˵˼ˣһʱ֮ʱ䡣
ʱ磬֮ϵħ弴ɡ
Ҷĳٵʮ鶼ûбֳκεĲͣǵ˿ҶߵСʱɫˡ
СڵΪѾﵽʮʥ֮ȫ൱һʮ飬ҴСϣʮȻܵһ˿в
Ҷ£֪λǣ
ҵĵܵСڡ
ƺʲôСȴԵòͷȻ˵ΪҪǿ̫࣬СȴὫ˷ϡ
ΪﵽʮʥԲ֮תǴﵽ˵ڰתȫʮҪɱҲô׵顣
߲ߣٲǿҪˡ
СڵĻɫ˲ת䣬ƺǼɵҶ죬ʶԼĶܣǿסеķŭҲûжʲô
˿ٵ뿪ħǣŰ֮ħȥһ·֮ϣҶ췢ǿ߸ħ壬ʮڡ
ƽʱҪ˵ʮ飬ʮһҲϡٿɼΪ˵ọ̃ʮҲˡ
Ҷֻ֪ǳʮ飬ǵȵ֮ħһʮڡ
Ȳ˵ˣ˵ǰˣʮ飬Ѿ൱񼶱ǿߡ
ʵҶҲܵǣ߻Ż˵ʲôҲʮһͬ·
Ҷ֪ڵΪѾﵽ˽۷֮һС뻢ıѪ֮
ʥɲκεĵǣôʵôͨ죬ҲԿ
˲ûȫ·Ϊħۻʱ䣬ȥҲûҪɾͬһ֮˻ǵִħ塣
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ħܶƽԭһ޼ʣħڲãϣԵô¼ţͺһλ˯˰ɮһ㡣
Ҷ죬оħΣ
һ·֮ϣҶ˺棬ȻҶֻһʮ飬Ƕֱƽ۴
һλȴƺҶһ㣬ô֮½Ϊϣ仰ռͬʺϣʮ֮£ҲΪϡ
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ϴ˷壬ԿһɽС
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ƺܹеĻɣЦЦ˵ħһӵһٲ㣬ҵħ壬Ҳֻܵھʮѡ
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Ҷ쳹ױˣʵΣˣʮʵԿ˲ɱڴ½ռ䣬ʮ鶼۷Ĵڡ
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㣬ֱһҪħ㣬Ҫ֮ͨռ֮ſԵħ㡣
ǰʥصһλǰħĵھʮŲ㣬ֻһԵִħĵһٲ㣬Ȼһ񣬲ǴԺλǰ»ħھʮ㣬ÿһ㣬ĺôҲޱȾ޴ġ
ĵ˵ͷħһٲ㣬Ҷ˺棬Ѿȵ֮Ҫһ⴫˵֮еħһٲ㣬Լʵִܹħĵڼ㡣


665 ʱ侲ֹ
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ħȻħܵ飬вʮʮ飬ʮļȴûһ
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ˣЩνʮ飬Ѿ鷳ˣһЩʮʮһ顣
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Ҷ֪Ϊﵽʮ弶֮ĳѾȫʱɣǵռ䣬ҶҲûаٷ֮ٵܹʮ弶׷顣
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ĵ˵ͷİ취Ҷû˿ķԣʱ򣬸ոջƽˮħ壬Ȼ
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ʧؼ飬Ҷɫ󾪣Ҳһ𾪡
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ؼ䣬ȻһҶڣɫȫ䣬Ϊһ̣ǾȻԼȻ޷ˡ
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һʱֹҪ˵ǣڴˣҲδܹѳ¾һҲѡ
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ʮĻ䣬ǰȻһ괿ɫСݣÿһСݶ꣬ÿƬҶ϶硣
ãûһһħݣһ֮Ҳϣ￴κ˵Ӱӣɡ
лˣ뿪
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ħ֮⣬Щص˵Ҫħ壬Ѿ̫ܡ
Щ˶뿪ħıﻹǲġ
Ҷֱƻˣħλǿ󣬼ֱ֮⣬ɾո뿪飬Ȼûһ뿪ȫͣħܡ
Ҷ컹֪һܣǾȻʵǿ󣬿ǲ֪ΪʲôȻ޷뿪ħһҸղȻֹʱ䣬ȴûа취ֻɱǡ
ֻ˾ħһ֮ڵʱ򣬿ʵֽɱҶ컹һֱƣΪʲôôģȻŹͼõ顣
ϲ˯ˣǵùȻ죬ٴγ˯ʱһħ壬ǸʱǵͲԼˡ
磬ҲҪħ𣿡
ȻȻΣ˵㣬ûвгɹҶ죬ô
ҵȻһħ壬˵ĺܶԣûвĳɹ


666 ɾѪ
ħ塣
ʱ䣬һû˵ĹҶ콫Сͻսڡ
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СڵΪȻѾﵽʥԲ֮һֻʮ弶Ǿһһһûȡ
СڵͻȻʧ٣ʮҲûжʲôϾֻҪߵ꼴ɡ
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ܿ죬ʮ֮µѾȫ뵽ħϣʱҲ˵Ҳȥˡ
ɾﻰһ̣Ҷɫʱһ䣬Ȼʧԭأոʧһ̣ҶҲһλߡ
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ɫЩ䣬ɢһɹɿֲɱߣʮ鶼ǹڡ
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ںȻֵ֣ƺû˿ľȣҶܹڵһ˵Ǹеܾޱȡ
ȷֻһʮ飿
ǵڣ֪ΪʲôǴϸܵһ˿ء
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ڣҲҪԽħ壿
ζħ˵һǧѷĻᣬΣǶҪõħǼ
ҲҪħ壬ʮﶼǻɵģȻһʮļ飬Ƕһֻʮ弶˵һʮļ
֮Ĳ࣬ͺ֮Ĳһ㣬һ޷Խĺ蹵
һûȫսռͨΪ̵һ̣Ǵɵʱ򡣡
˵֮ٵĳħȥ˸ո뿪ҶӰԭء
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Ŀռȷ£ҵĵռܽ˵Եֵסռ
ҶֻΪٴͻƣﵽ֮Ӷõռٴνôſƾ赤ռͨռ
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ʱҶ뻢վħ֮£Щص˵ҿ㻹Ƕսڡ
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ѾҶҲûټʲôĵ˵ͷһһ޿ٵĳǰħȥ
ոյħ壬Ҷоһ˿ɭĺһɹɿֱֲ֮ڵľѪƺһСģͻᱻȫһ㡣
жʱ󾪣Ҷ켱æڵĴֱӽһɹ֮Ƴ⡣
ɾҶ컹̲סɫ䣬ѱ亹ʪǾڵĴ飬˵ѱ֮ڵľѪ
Ҫ֪һΪҪıڵıѪһѪĴôǴ޽·ʧȥѪҲٻϡ
ոսڵ֮Ҷɫٴת䣬ΪԶŶʮʬ壬ЩʬҲǱ֮ڵľѪ
ЩʬϵϢҶ췢֣ʵߵľȻﵽʮһ֮Ҳ൱һʼǿߡ
Щʬϣȴûʮʮ飬ħڵ֮ȴ޷˺ʥ֮ϵǿߡ
ףԩ·խ
¶һ˿ЦΪҶһ̾Ȼˣһ֮ȲҪħ˿ˣҶһʱ˾


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ô˵һʮļ飬൱һĴڣ㻹ûȫտռͨȴһʮ鶼ûлɱű˵һ衣
һССʮ飬ҲͼȾָħ屦Ѱ·
һ·֮ϣҶһֱԲۣţ˵ѳֽҶɱˡ
Ѿ֣ôҲ˵ħҶ֮ѾΪ˲ݵľ棬ڳ֣Ҳ
ûпһۣҶֱӶ˵֮ǰһƣһǵãϣʱԻ㡣

ҶĻɫ˲ת䣬漴Ҫ֣ȴЩ˵һǵ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫҵȵʱ̫
Ӧòᡣ
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СڣҶֱҵ֮һǵνħ壬Ҳͬһʮļ飬ʮ顣
ɴҶҲ֪ռʵ֮Уһ㶼һʮļϵʮ顣
Ҳ˵ռڣʥ֮⣬Ųʮڣʵڴ½֮ϣһֲĴڡ
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ǶһȺ󱲣ȥɡ
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νħ壬ħǲһǲһʮļ飬ʮ飬һʮһ飬ʮ顣
һʮˣֻǸոսħ壬ͱҶɱʮ飬ǵܹܡ
ڣħǵΪ
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ڣڸô죿
ߣȻ֮Ħһ㶼˼ʮϵǿߣħǾȻعأôҲݹ顣
˵֮Ҳ壬ǳһȥŽʧڶǿߣҶ¶һ˿Ц
ô֪ǸƥĽ
ǰҸܸоһĽԴҾĴԺƺоڽһĸӦҲܹܵĽڡ
ҶĻСһ˿ȣҪ֪һصصΪֻǴﵽ֮Ҷȣֱһһء
һһ飬Ĵ飬ƺеĽҶһ㣬޵ĽֻҪתΪɣҲᷢ֡
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ҶҪľĵһУΪܹﵽ֮
߰ɣҲʵһħһٲ㣬ҵʵܹڼ㡣
˵ħһٲ㣬СҲЩȲϾħһٲ㣬һһ죬Խߣ˵ʵԽǿ󣬶ڿռҲԽ


668 Ҫװ
ȻҶ콫ڵתΪϮǣֱħǣ˵֡
ǲˣ
мסһɫѱޱȻռ֮ʱս󣬿һǶ֡
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һʱ뵽Ҷ죬ֻһ˲䣬²㱻ԼݺݵѹȥһССʮ飬˲ɱʮ顣
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˵ţһǿ߿뿪ȴЩɻʵڣ˵˭ݵǣ
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ոܹ֮һϵھʮ㣬ȫΪռ䣬ɾھʮĿֲ־ҲŪʧء
ûټ֣ҶֱӴС뿪ħһٲ㣬νħ壬ٷ֮ʮŵ鶼Ϊħıħһٲ㣬СҶ֮⣬޵ˡ
ħһٲħ壬ֻռ֮һħһٲߣȴһ޴ȣϷ¿ȾһѪڵʨӣȴĽ롣
Ҷ죬ܹ֮ܵһֲĴڣƺǸ
ĵ˵ͷСڵĻҶ첢ûие˿ľȣҶ֮̾ڡ
ȥ𣿡
һ߰СڣһҲԥˣϾ֮һֻʮ弶Ҫɱֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ҷʹ˷νħ壬ҶҪľΪ̣һ˲䣬ҶѾ˾Сֱӳڶȥ


669 һ
ƧɭֲϢ
һ޼ʵڣҶСڲƣô˵һֻʮ弶һͻٲ
ɷŨأڴˣҲᱻɷ塣
ĵ˵ͷҪ˵𣬾۷ʵвҲᱻɷ壬ʱ·Ҳ졣
쿴ö顣
СָҶ쿴ԶĿյϣȻŶʮ飬ЩߵľȻﵽ˾ż顣
ǵѾȫȣֻЩżȴ
Ǹô죿
ǰκε⣬ֻҪսڼɡ
˵̸֪֮Уһ̵̾ˮ̶ǰ
Ҷ죬ܹܵˮ̶һɿֲϢ⣬ˮ̶֮¡
СڵĻҶд󾪣ʵû뵽ױҵ˿Ϣ֮أˮ̶ܣŽػš
Щ֮Уǵ֮⣬ʣµıһЩɢ飬ɢˮ̶ܵ飬ߵıʮļ顣
ȲҪ֪ΪʲôǸоʲôطԾﲻԾ˵
ҶСڶһƧľʯ󣬶Χˮ̶ܵ飬ȴûһҳ֣һ˫˫Ķǰˮ̶
ÿһﶼǰˮ̶ڣһֻʮ弶񣬶һħеıиǰ˳̡
֪ˮ̶ȴûһóȻжϾԼȽﻹǺġ
ջޱȾ޴ģһʱ֮ǵڶǿ߿ʼǰˮ̶ȥ
ǳֻЩʮʮһ飬ʮʮ飬ȴվԭأһ
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ĵ˵ͷҶû˿˵ȪˮȫҾİħһȪˮ綾ޱȣΪƷ򲻵ѵ£Բڴ½֮ϣû뵽ȪˮȻǷ˼
껢ĻҶҲеһ˿ȣİħһȪˮȻռ䣬˵ʲôʵҶ컹ǻﶼޱ
ǰһǰ֮ʣµҲûһϾ˭ҲԼЦ
Ҫˮ̶֮𣿡
˵ʲôȻĻҶһʱ֮仹ûзӦ
а취ˮ̶Ȫˮȴ˺ǡ
ĻҶжʱϲһҲԣھİħһǿߣȪˮǾİħһɴ˿֪ȻſԵƾȪˮİ취
û˿ԥҶֱӴӦνȣΪ˵õ̶˺õĻᣬ˷ˣԼԼ
Ҷ룬˵ǻȵһȣ֪ΪʲôǸоһ˿Ծȿ˵
ĵ˵ͷҶľûзԣǿԶˮ̶


670 ս
ֱһ̣ҶҲ֪ոʹռͨ˵˭
ʵҶ뵽һܣǾǵʮļ飬ô˵ʮļѾ˿ռͨ
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Ҷһ޷ͨǣȻǵʮļ֣ôոȥ鶼ǵˡ
ʱǵٴζγֵ鲻ϴһ㣬ÿһֻʮһ飬ǰˮ̶ȥ
ʮһռ˵Ҳ޵еĴڣħڣôʮһǣҲԲǺǵĴڡ
ϴһģһʮʮһոսˮ̶֮ڣʱռʮʱʧɫһƴӡ
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ʱȻ̧ͷԶһռ䣬ޱȵ˵λȻˣǾͳһɡ
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ռȴӵŰʮļ飬֮£ռʵҪǿһЩ
ռİʮļ飬ȴûһ˶ô˵ﶼħ壬ѣôʮȫ֣ҲֵסһС
˵ˣֻҪһģǲᶯֺ

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ʮ֮սֻǸոտʼڳ鶼˲˰ʮļıЩ黹ɱ
˵Ҳ֣ʮսǿǰȶϵĲռ䵽ǱеĿռǿдơ
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ŻػҶ첢ûбˮ̶ڵľȪˮɣĿһĴսҶ¶һ˿Ц漴ֱͶˮ̶֮ڡ
ȪˮˮҶӽˮ̶һ֮ڣͶˮ̶֮ڣûһ˷֣ʮҲû˿Ĳ
սȻڼβռ䣬ˣ䶼Ϊﵽһ֮һ䶼ûУһʱ֮䣬޷ֳʤ
ʱƣռһ䣬Ͼ֮սڿֲռİʮļһֱ鰲Ȼ¡


671 һֻİħ
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վɽ֮£ҶޱȵĮ˵ڲħľ󣬵ʱҶ˵֮һԽ𡣡
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ʵҶ֮ԲԼɱѣԲΪʲôݣô˵ѶǾİħһ峤ѵ걳˾İħһ壬վҪץؾһ崦á
ʱĲãҶڲħľΪħһµһҶǿţƾסѲ
úҶ뻢ٳɽȥǿϢֱɽ壬ֻһ˲䣬һϢȻ
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һŭķ嶼ƺһ£һֻĺɫϻǰ˸ֻ޵۾ĶǰĶˡ


672 Ҷ
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ٴγڴ֮ڣ֮¶ǿҵıģǳ˵ʮļ飬֪˻ΪһˣǸħǶۡ

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վԼǰ󺺣Сϳ˱֮飬˻ͬĵ˵ͷ˵ɵBϿɱˣľ

С뻢䳰ȷֱҪˣûһ˸˶˵Ͼһʮļǲðġ
ͷְ֪ɡ
ĵ˵ͷֻһ˲䣬ϱһǿϢϢɫ˲䣬λ񡣡
λ񣬾ޱȿֲĴڣȻʮļ飬Ǳʵȴֻ൱һ֮ǰĴһλޣôҲԲܹԿġ
һ̣˼֣Ϊܹﵽʮļ֮籾Ͳʲô֮ˣֻһ˲䣬ѾףҶпǹӡħǣɽڵġ


678 
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϶ʱһɿֲϢٵĳǰȥСֻЦЦ뿪ԭء
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ֻǶݵһ˲䣬Ѿߣ¶һ˿Ц󻢰ֱӻûɱ壬ǿϢֱɽȡ
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Ҷ˸ո뿪ɽڱˣħǵ󳬼ǿߣʮļʮ
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˵СħŮ뿪˽أصԭҶסĵطСħŮЩõ˵ȹ㡣

һ𾪵꣬СħŮ˲һߣʵô
ûУܹɺɺСңҡ
ߣҶĽͣСħŮɫ΢תЩ뿪ˡ
СħŮո뿪ϳҶߣѾʧСħŮϳʵȥʲôطˣ
СħŮ˵
㲻˵Ҳֻ֪Ҫϵƣһȥħù˰ɡ
ħùȣ
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СֵܣҲ֪ĺ˻ùˣ಻죬СħŮ㣬รɡ
˵֮ϱ뿪ˣϵĻҶҲ֪ʲôζνʥأΪһЩҪ飬Ǹո˻û죬㱻СħŮǿдȥأϵ˼СħŮ죬
ʥأʱֻһʱ䣬һ֮ܽʥأôֻ뿪ʥһ·
һ֮ڣԼҪΪܵСħŮҪҲ̫ܡ
΢΢һ̾ҶԼ½һªĲݣСħŮΪ׷ޣСĽķݻȥ
ô˵ԼҪʥôһ֮ãûһסĵطʵڲУΪﵽľ磬ҶѾ̫ں
éڣҶڵĴٵתţֱһ̣Ľٳٳδ٣Ϊ޷ͻƣﵽ֮
֮뽣֮Ȼֻһ֮֮ĲȴһһأһһǽҪɱһ۷壬ֱһ׾ٵ顣


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һһҹʱ䣬ҶȻ޷ͻƽ֮ﵽһĽ֮
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ʱҶɣǲǱ꣬ſԸӦĽ٣ҪȻٶȣ֮Ӧѵ
ڶ峿
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λһ޼ʣǳ֮ؼҪǿϺܶ౶λһ죬൱ʮ졣
ѾƮøʮ죬ҶСħŮ֮⣬ҲûмˣҲ뿪λ֡
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ո뿪éݲãСħŮéǰǰľŮҶҲΣȴûκεİ취
ô˵СħŮĸ׶Ʈøʥʥ֮ڣû˸ŭǰŮ
ȻһԸǰŮҶȴû˿İ취ĵ˵ͷ˵ôˣ
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СħŮҶٴڴڣֱʧʵΪʲô˽ȥʱʥ֪ǿɾ鷳ˡ
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ħùȣ翻øһʥأΪλֵʥأħùڣǿޣ翻øˣħùڵϣӡǿļܡ
˵ħùһֻʮһ»ܣܹϵ»ӡԼϣôô߱Ҳܡ
翻øڣܹɹӡǳ޼ܵˣֱ֮٣Ҳʵߣܹӡ޼ܳɹ
СħŮƺ֮ĬôȻɹӡ޵ļܣ翻øӡ޼ˡ
СħŮ˵Ҷ緭ˣ޷ϣȻ˼顣
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ֱڣҶСħŮԼǰħùȼֱмϾܹǿӡǿļܣôʵҲһһ¥
СħŮħùڵ޶ţëʮһҲиžһ壬ȴʲôצǾһΪ͵ȵľ֮࣬Ҫ֪Ǻһ壬Ϊһ壬Ҳޱȵǿ


680 
ƴС㣬ӡǵ޼ʲô
ҶɻСħŮӡǵ޼ʲôϾ翻øܹӡ޼֮ܵ١
ҰСħŮ˵ӡǵ޼ܣһһ޼ܣ֮󣬾ʥҲ޲ڡ
ߣ뿴С޼ôףӦСһ飬С͸㣬Σ
ˣҲֻǸеһЩˣƴС㲻Ը˵ôҲʾǡ
ҶɲɵϣСħŮѲһͻµݽʱָԼʲô
Ҷǳ׵ǰŮСħŮĸоǣ֪ʲôʱʲôУЩ㻹޷Ӧԡ
ҶĻشҲСħŮϣɫЩѿЩõ˵ʱǿޣôҡ
˵⻰ѾħùȰ֮ڣħùȳޱǿҵҪλֻҪǿϼ֡
ѹħùڵ޶ǿޱȣǿҵĻ㲻ǿѣҶһֱħù
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ĺᣬȻľһ壬ʵȴӿֲ˵Խľһ塣
ҶҲ΢΢һ̾Լֱ̫ˣոսħùȾ˰Ͼڴ½ϼֱͿҪˡ
ֱ̫ˣħùȶޱǿĴڣһ¶Ѽ˰ö꣬һֱûҵȴˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲоԼֱ̫ˣֻһ˲䣬һͷޱȾ޴ľǰ
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ʮһ޻֮ʵСħŮȣҶ߳һΪ֮еǿڣʵҪޡ
СħŮһҲû⣬ֻһ˲䣬СħŮֱҶ쳯Ż·ȥ
ЦһôõĻҶ뿪ô˵ޱǿĴڣܹӰӡ޼ܣô޼ܾǿޱȡ
һߵ꣬ۿȻûжСħŮ¶һ˿æߴٵ㻹𣬸Ͽ뿪ǿޱȣܶԿġ
Ȼʵǿ󣬿ܹӰӡ޼ܣǸá
ҶĻСħŮɵһ㿴ǰ꣬һֻʮһ޻ʰӡǼܣʲô
Ҷ첻뿪Ϊﵽ֮СħŮҲûκεİ취ֻ˵Ṧ򣬰Ѿǰ
ߣһ̿Ҳ߲ˣǿϢֱ˷Բʮ׵пռ䣬һ
СģֻһܣǱʮ˸̡
ʵСħŮѣһʼʱҶѾ֪˰ļܣϾʮ˸ֱ̼̫ͻˡ
ո˵꣬СħŮӰѾ˳ȥ֪ΪʲôҶľȻ΢ļ¶һ£տʼҶһֱΪСħŮһŮȻʵǿ󣬵վԼá
ҼСħŮĵԣҶǲϲŮֱһ̣СħŮһȳȥʱҶСħŮ̬ȷ˷츲صĸı䡣
ȻСħŮΪѾﵽ֮ɰվҲһֻΪﵽʮһ޻֮ޣǰİһֻΪﵽʮһ޻۷ޡ
СħŮΪֻǸոմﵽһʣʶʮһ޻۷İҲû˿Ļʤܣھ͸ӲҪ˵СħŮˡ
ûʹʮ˸̣ʱ䣬СħŮոȥ壬㱻˻ɫ԰ףѪֱۼСħŮˡ
жʱ󾪣Ҷֱչ޲һ˲䣬ҶӰѾСħŮߣСħŮٴչ޲뿪ԭء
Ͽ뿪ǲĶ֡
ҶΪֻǸոմﵽ֮ȻѾﵽ˽۷֮ʼûͻһ㣬ǽ棬Ȼ뽣ֻһ֮֮Ĳȴޱȵľ޴
СħŮԼʵʵǰĶ֣ôΪֻ֮Ҷ죬͸ӲǰĶˡ


681 ܽӴ
ҶƺûСħŮĸһ㣬Ŀǰİ
ٵĽСħŮŵ֮ĵطҶ»صԭأֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ
ȻҶʵʥǿҲһսǲô˵ҶռʥĶ֣ǿߣҶȴޱȵŽɱ
ǰΪȴѾﵽ޻۷֮һʥȣҲ²١
ҪɱҶٻʥܼɣΪ˰ϵļܣҶֻԳ֡
䣬ҶȫһۣһԳһһȣԶҶֱһι
Ҳû뵽ǰȻһιЩ𾪵ʵ㵽໹Ǿһ壿
޵Ϊﵽʮһ޻֮󣬱Կ˵һЩޣǿһ壬Ҳӹع
ֻ࣬ҪӡǼܣҿԿǷŹ㣬Σ
޳ܵ࣬ҲӡǼܵġ
޲ʵΣһֵӵ̬ȣΪܹǿ󣬷Ҫһֻ޳㣬ֱЩ̫ܡ
ҶҲһʹ䣬һûжʥܵΪľǰİķڷ
ŰĹϣ˫һӣҶӰʱʧԭأٳֵѾ˰ı
еֻһ˿ЦħӡֱӳŰıȥķ˵ҪȾһ嶼ҪǿҶҪڰǿϣֱӴݻķ
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һ쳹صصÿһռ䣬Ҷ컹С˰ħӡڰıϣҲֻһ˿Ѫۡ
һ˿Ѫ۶ڰ˵ʲô˺һ˱һֻӶһһ㣬ֻǸоЩ֮⣬ʡ
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վԭأķҶоϲѣԴӾתתʱͺʹսס
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ֱӴ˳һ̣ϳ˲ţԼžԵġ
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һԾ޴ĳһȣҶٶȼֱﵽһ˽ĵزûеȰӦӴٴγԶ
û˿ϴεĽһģһȻһ£һʮľ޿һȻ֮˲γɡ
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һ̣ƣֱﵽ˼㣬ǳѰҵԵģ˳ҼʵС޺úûһ½ǣֻ֮иܵϢϲ֮׼൱ģյĽȴ޲ó鼸⡣


682 ӽˮˣ
ʮ˴Σٴδʱ嶼ƺСһȦ
Ҷ׼ʮŴγֵʱ򣬰ˣȥʱҲᱻ
࣬ҷˣסְɡ
仰ʱ򣬰ƺ嶼Ӵ·һһյģһ߰ʮͷһ㡣
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ѵô𣿸Ͽ뿪
ǲҪ뿪ˡ

ҶĻСħŮһʱ֮仹ûзӦȴʱѾǰֿ˵Ҳ˺ǵġ
ߣ㡣
СħŮĻֱŪİĿɿڴ˸ղŵıᣬһ̵İһԱͰ͵ĿǰĶˡ
ֱڣСħŮڷĲԾոһֱŰİһȴʵҿҶ񣬾Ȼһ˿η
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ȻСħŮΪѾﵽ֮ڴ½֮ϣҲԿǿ֮УϾ½ϵİʥʥǿʵ̫ˡ
ʵٸߣСħŮҲû뿪ƮøһиǴδ֪ĵزҶΪֻ֮ҪƷһֻΪﵽʮһ۷޻ʰһܵ顣
ҪӡϵļܣΣ
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Ҷǿ󽫰ĲҪӡǰϵļܸ̫ܣһǿΪ壬һжʵΪ
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ǰһһ޵ĶԻСħŮɫ˲䣬ӡһֻΪﵽʮһ޻۷İǶôһֲ顣
Ҫ֪ҶܹӡǰļܳɹôҶҲ൱˻ʵôͬȼޣҲȫűɱĿܡ
࣬ʲôʱʼ
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ȻԱС㣬СıСɱ㡣
ɱң۹
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ҶˣҲվԭСħŮֹȻСħŮеҲ㷲ƷҪƿֱǲ̫ܡ
Ҫ˵СħŮеСħŮʵҲȫʹһʱ֮䣬СħŮҪ˺ǲ̫ܡ
ƺҲ֪ԼʵƲķֻǴ˼£СħŮصԭأЩõ˵޳ܡ
ƴС㣬ӡ޼ܡ
һҶ죬ܹӡǰϵļܣСħŮϾһԸţȴǻϲģϾҶħùȵġ
СħŮӡ޼ܵķһһʮȫҶ죬ֱ֮ҶŸоȲѡ
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翻øڣҶԵΪӡ޼ܵĹȫ翻ø
Ҷ컺ҲûκεĵֿԹԵĵͷȴǰԼӡǼܡ
Լַڰͷ֮ϣһɴ˲֮ڡ
ļܾǱʮ˸̣տʼûмʱôԼļܣ㱻ҶĲʵڰﻹһ˿ģϾļܻûʹ
еĲҶ᲻֪ȴҲûж˵ΪҶԼܹʱѹưȫΪϹת
ʹԼļܣҶף㵽ʱԼܹսʤҲôףϾһֻΪﵽʮһ޻֮ĳڡ


683 켼
ӡ˰ʱҶӡϵļܡ
ļΪױҪʮ˸̣ÿһ϶׵֮ʮ˸һ𱬷ֱֲ֮
֮԰һʼûʹױҪΪױһʹȻ޴ޱȣǶķҲޱȾ޴
԰ļֱļܣ򲻵ѵʱһʹҶ컹Ҫԣȴ
Ҷ죬ҲҪӡǰļܡ
ʱһֱҶӡ޼ܵСħŮȻҶʴ𣬱Ͼļ̫ǿˣ㲻ʹҲǱĺüܡ
СħŮ翻ø飬Ҳħùӡ޼ܣϾħùڵЩޣƮøܹƿصġ
СħŮܹһ֮ӡ޼ܣƮøҲûмˣһֱСħŮΪ
һ̣ΪĶȴǰ˲ƣ֮ǰ˽ħùȣܹӡǳɹȴ֮١
ǰ꣬ȻӡһֻΪѾﵽʮһ֮İⱾһ˼飬СħŮڰļҲ۲ˡ
ǲô˵ǰҪӡǼܣҲҪͨҶϿɡ
Ը⣬ûκε
ûеҶѻ˵꣬ޱȵİɫ˲ޱֿ˵ҲӡǼܡ
΢΢һ̾Ҷף֮ԻЭԼӡǼܣΪʤ˰
ǿޱȣҪȾһ廹Ҫǿϼ֣ʵû뵽һȻڷʤ
СħŮȴУȲ˵˵ҪɱСħŮֱһ׾ٵ顣
ޱǿΪ壬СħŮ򲻹СħŮӡ޼ܡ
ƴС㣬Ҫӡǰļܣ
ĵ˵ͷƺڰϵļܣСħŮƺܸȤһ㣬Ķǰİһ
ǰ㣬ļΪױһʹ᳤ʮ˸̣쳣ѿޱȣԼһʱͻȻʮ˸̣Ƕôֲһ¡
ոջһСħŮҶĻɫЩ࣬ϸһ£СħŮǲϵĳ鶯
һŮСħŮΪ翻ø飬ʥ֮ڣСħŮΪһŮ
һλǵľŮòںĲˣСħŮ󣬵ʱԼıȻʮ˸̵Σֻһ˲䣬СħŮ㳹׵ķԼ롣
иеһ˿ЦҶȻСħŮΪԣʵٵĿһλøףָΪʲôء
ħùڣʲô޵ļܱȽǿģ
ҶûСħŮ뿪ǿǰİʵϾôһԴҶ춼оԼԲԼ
ħùޱȾ޴󣬾ҲԲħùȵǿһУҪ˵ܵǿħùȲ˵˭ļܾǿޱȣҪ˵ܵ⣬м
˻ҶжʱһϲΪ˵һûҪǱȽһֻ޵ļǿ󣬻治˵
ϾһֻΪﵽʮ֮ޣ㼼ôǿҲսʤһֻΪﵽʮһ޻֮ޡ
Щ޵ʵȻǺǿ󣬿ǱļȴһЩ֮ЩļܣӿԱʵĲ㡣
˵˵
ôƾЩ޵Ľܹҿ۵ļӵֻһӥ¬棬һʼ꣬Ƕ˵ʵȻôǱȴޱȵ⡣
ӥ¬棬ʼ꣬Ҷ֪˵ޣΪﵽʮһ֮޻ʣΪ൱
޻ʵıܸʲô
ӥʵıһΪ˲ƵĿռ֮ͨڣӥҪ뿪ڴˣҲ޷ֹ
ĻҶɫʱ󾪣ռ˲ƣʲôͨҶĵռռ˲ƣ֮⣬Ϊﵽ֮ǿߣҲռ˲ơ
Ϊﵽ֮һԽռ䣬ѹռ䣬ǿԴƿռ䣬ǲΪﵽӵпռ˲Ƶͨ
Ҫ˵Ϊﵽ֮Ҳӵпռ˲ͨϾռ˲ͨ죬Ҷʵû뵽ħùڣȻһֻͨ


684 
ֻһ˲䣬Ҷ˾βôҪӥ¬ϵıӡǹ۸κεĴۡ
Ҷ죬վһߵСħŮħùڣȻ޼ܣʱҲ𺳲ѡ
ô˵СħŮƮøˣһЩ黹Ǻģпռ˲Ƹ֪һ
СħŮﻹ֪ͬĸףһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣ֮Ҳӵпռ˲ͨ
ʣµĺأ
ӥ¬Ŀռ˲Ƽܣһ̣ҶﵹڴôļˣҲӦӥʰɡ
ӥʵĿռ˲Ƽܺ󣬾Ҳ˺ں꣬Ǽһļܾ͸ӱ̬ˣҲǿռ似ܡ
ǿռ似ܣ
Ŀռ似ܵʲô
һ侲Ҷ죬һҲЩʧ̬Ͼռͨ죬ܹڵõһռ似ܣǾʥǿߣҲڵʲô
ӵеıǿռȻֻܶݵĽ룬ǿ߶ӣԻɱԷ
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ȻӵŽռļܣҶ컹СħŮ˵ɫ˲䣬緭һ㡣
߶ֻ֪Ϊﵽ֮֮ſտռ֮ռͨȴһеͨ
Ϊﵽ֮ղ֮ôʵͨ죬Ҳӵйڿռκεͨ
ħùڵĺ꣬ΪȻֻǴﵽʮһ޻֮ȴӵžռļܣôǿһЩޣҲԿýռļܽɱ
һħùڣȻ޻ӵռ似ܣռ似ܶޱȵ죬ӥĿռ˲ƣǿȳĴڡ
Ҷ˹޻ʵĵַð뿪ˣڵҶ˵Ȼ޻ҲޱǿĴڣȴҪˡ
ŻСڣʮ񣬿ҲһɱİգħùȣҶ컹ûʲôõǵġ
Ҫȥӡ޻ʵıܣ
ʵСħŮѲµǲ֪Ȼһ˿ǣϾôܹɹӡǼܵ˺ܺãҶ¡
СħŮҲ˼ͣҶӢòϲʵһ˵ʣ֪֮УƮø顣
ĵ˵ͷСħŮҶ첢ûκεϾСħŮ뿪ħùȣҲ뿪ʱ翻øһή
ҶҪɹӡ޵ıܣСħŮܲµʱ
ռ似ܣܹӡǳɹҲҽʥһء
ô꣬ҽħù˵Ҳмٴˣȴ֪ħùھȻޣ¾ǸҲͬڵ޻ʿѲħùˡ
СħŮ˵֮£Ҷֺγ֪Ȼ翻øʥһʵǿռ˲Ƽʵ̫ˣʥ֪ѳӡǡ
ħùȵȻӡǼܣͬһЩźǾħùڵޣÿһֻܹӡһΡ
Ҳ˵ҶѾɹӡ˰ϵıܣôڵİȻűܣҪӰӡǼܣһܵˡ
ҪƮøʥ֪ԼħùڣȻһֻޣ»һʱӡǣκεĻᡣ
Ҳ֪ǲҶ̫ˣոսħùȾ˰Ӱӡǵǿױܣһ֪˵ľܡ
ƴС㡣
ߣһֱƴС㣬ҵѣͽһ橰ɡ
ûа취Ҷֻܽһ橣˵橣νƥﻳܹӡǳɹ橲øκˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊռ˲Ƽܹ죬ʥص֪
ˣˣҲҪӦ£Σ
ĵ˵ͷ²òͷҶᵽ仰壬ʵҶﲢ֪СħŮѾı䣬ҪȻҶ첻˰¡
һҪӡһܣʲôܣѡ
ԡ
ڶ£Ҫꡣ

СħŮĵڶ£ҶֱеＫˣҪ֪СħŮΪѾﵽһ֮½ϣҲޱǿĴڣԼҲֻǸոմﵽ۷壬ͻƽ֪֮Ҫȵʲôʱ
һʾȻһ汣֮꣬ȥ֪᲻ᱻЦ


685 㲻׵
ƺҶ룬СħŮеֻһ˿ЦݣʵΣ
¶һ˿ЦҶ˵һ·ʱڣҪȥƮøСħŮ
һ֮󣬵뿪ʥأɽѣҪС飬ô˵֮ĴүͻӭȢСꡣ
ȻԷĴүΪԼİˣ½ΪҲϧӲҪ˵һʥصĴүˡ
Ҳһֱʥأһ֮ұ뿪ʥأҲܴӦ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ʥأѵﲻ𣿡
ȻСħŮû뵽Ҷش𣬱ϾƮøΪʥ֮һÿһߵʥأҪȻȫҲΪʥƴһˡ
ʥһ꣬ԿԵֵ꣬Ʈøħùȵǿ󻷾
СħŮʵ벻ͨ˺õʥأΪʲôǰ껹Ҫ뿪ϾҶ¶һᶨ֮顣
ãϧվҵļңЩ㲻׵ġ
ĵ˵ͷȻСħŮȷôףҲûжʲô˵ֻ㱣꣬ûʥأպ뿪ʥأô뱣ңΣ
ԡ
СħŮ˵ˣҶٲӦЩ̫ˣСħŮ˵£һ
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Ǳ飬ҶҲð죬˵ҶʵòϾǰŮƮøʥŮˣʥʲôȱ
ܲܽԼϵĴ͸СħŮɣĴ֮⣬Ҷϻħӡս֮ࡣ
ǲһҶ춼֮ܽͳȥһҶӻȡİѴӣÿһѴ϶ɢһ˿˿׵֮
İѴǵүүʱ򣬻ɱʥʥõİ׷֮İ׷֮
ʵҶ첢Ҫİ׷֮Ϊ뿪ʥأҲԲʹİ׷֮
Ͼʥүүõľ׷֮ʱֻҪʥ֪ʹõľȻ׷֮ôһж˳ϣ
һҲûʲô͸СħŮİ׷֮ʥ֮Ҷ͵赹ԣİ׷֮͸СħŮ
İ׷֮СħŮûκεһҶ͸ӷˣΪСħŮʶ׷֮
Ϊ׷ؼΪ׵֮İ׷֮ϣ⣬ǷҲܹӦһ£
֣СħŮɫ˲䣬ΪҪ˵ڴ½֮ϣʥ֮ڣҲޱǿĴڡ
ǰһ־İİʲôСħŮˡ
˵ɣʲôҶӦ㡣
İ׷֮㲻Ҫκ˵ĸҲԣҲ򲻵ѣòҪó׷֮
ȻҶ컰е˼СħŮǴӦ˵һúñ׷֮ллˡ
е׷֮ҶȻ֣СħŮԼЩͬﲻֲ֪ͬ
΢΢һ̾˿ٵĳħùڶȥ˵Ŀӥ¬棬ӥ¬ΪѾﵽʮһ޻֮ſռ˲Ƽܡ
ҶСħŮﶼӥ¬һʵȻǿ󣬵ٶȷʵЩˡ
ӥ¬ȴһӥٶ壬ӥ¬滹ſռ˲Ƶļܣӥ¬Ҫ뿪ôҶûа취ס
ʵûСħŮĻôҶٻСڻǻСڻǻ޵ʵҪӥ¬ǿٱ
¬ٶٿ죬ϾҶ죬ҶԼĵռ䣬Ǳ˫ᣬһȵٶȾǿֲġ
СħŮҪٻС뻢Ҳ̫ܣȥҶѾһ
һ·֮ϣҶСħŮ˺ܶޣЩ޶ʵȽϵµ֣ҼҲǺ󣬺⣬һ·֮Ҳûж޳֡
ʱҶСħŮǰһ廨ߣʮֲ֮ͬɫԶȥǿֲ
Ȼʰ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾǰߵ࣬ʰУʰ쵼ͬһȼ
ǰʰȴҶʥͨǰֻʰ쵼һ㣬һֻʥҲǰʰΪֻǸոմﵽż֮


686 ߻ʰ
СħŮûмʰһֻżСħŮûзϡ
һҪɱһֻż𣬼ֱһ׾ٵ飬СħŮ׼ֵʱҶȴֹ
¶һ˿ɻСħŮʵһֻССľżֶԽˡ
Сľ綾
޲ʰӵо綾Ȼǰʰֻһֻż𣬿ʱʼǿߣմȾ־綾Ҳ˲ɡ
ʰΪֻǴﵽ˾ż֮Իܿ˵̵ֻ۾ĶǰĶˣϸͷһһ£ԵĿֲ֮
СħŮ¶һ˿ɻȻǲҶĻô˵ǰʰһֻż𣬾ӵž綾Ҳ˺һʡ
СħŮĲţҶ첢ûжͣȡ񽣣ڵٵתһ˲ȫ뵽ڡ
ֻ񽣲ŻᷢӳǿһƳգֱʰϣٶ֮˼
ûü룬ʰͱҶնΣۼһϢˡ
żޣŵ⣬ҶҲὫɱǰȻʰҶɱġ
ʥͨʱ򣬵콫һʥʰ쵼Ӷʹʰ쵼Ҳʥ
ҶʱԸԼôʰ쵼Ҳԥļ뵽֮С
ʰ쵼ʰͬһ壬νһѣһʰҶɱġ
ӳһСħŮҲ𺳣Ϊһ̾Ȼ֣ԼʵҶԼͬӳһԼǷֵܹ
뵽ո꽵֪ΪʲôСħŮȻ֣ǰȻһ˿֮С
еĽ
ĵ˵ͷСħŮ⣬Ҷ첢ûκεϾܹʹõ࣬ҪСħŮ治һ׵顣
ǿԴʰʬ͸ӥ¬档
Ϊʲô
ӥΪУ²Ĳǰʰӥ֮һŶԹ
Ҷ²һûɱʰһֻż𣬶ʰһλףҲͬһʰΪȴﵽ޻֮
߻ʰӥ¬ǵˣȻӥʵٶޱȣſռ˲Ƽܣ߻ʵٶͬޱȣһҪӥʵٶȿϼ֡
߻ʰʵҪӥ¬ǿ󼸷֣޻ÿһսûκεĽȥ޻ʵĶԹҲԽԽ
ҲҶˣ߻ʰĶʰʳǡñһ޴ˣԲűҶһɱ
ʰˣҶܹɱҲԲô򵥣ʰٶޱȣһͻ롣
ϵʰջصսڣٴγǰȥ·Ҳûв۵ޣϾСħŮϢͷųȥʵֱâ
ӥʾסһΪӥʷľ޴߷壬ӥʵΪѾﵽ޻֮ħùڣҲڱȽǿĴڡ
֮ôӥûбƮøӡǼܣΪӥʷشƫƧǰַˣҶҪҵӥɽ̫ܡ
׳۵ɽ壬ҽħùҲмٴΣȴûзֹħùھȻɽ塣
ĵ˵ͷǰɽ壬ҶҲǾ̾ѣΪӥʷ忴ȥһδʵֱƷ塣
ܹܵǰɽһǿϢҲӥ¬Ķ֡
СħŮĻҶֱƲѣҪ˵ӥ¬棬κΪﵽ޻֮ޣСħŮҲܽսʤ
СħŮΪȻﵽһ֮ȴֻǸոս֮ѣֻҪһǿߣ׽СħŮܡ
ҶȴûгڳСħŮСħŮܹﵽ֮ⱾѾ˵СħŮ츳Բ
Ȼʥһʥأû츳СħŮ;ʹﵽһ޷ﵽľ硣
ȥɣס򲻵Ѳ׼֡
ĵ˵ͷϴΰĽѵСħŮҲʶԼʵ޷Կ޻ʼǿߡ
Ȼ˿ٳǰӥʷȥոսɽ壬ֻ޵ɽסˣȻֻ޵޷˵е˼ȴǺס
Ҫӥʡ
ЩĿǰĶˣֻ޵еһֻٳɽȥһֻ޵ֻǾͷųԼϢ
еЦֻ޵Уͺ࣬ҶҪɱֻ޵ֱۣһ׾ٵ顣
ܿ죬ոȥ޵»صǰɽϴһλɡ
ֻ޵ۿٵ뿪һգ۱ʧԭأСħŮҶҲɽȥ˰ʱ˲ɽˡ
ӥһֻֻһ״ӥԶȥǰӥʲôΪﵽ޻ʵĳǿߡ
¬棬֪λǰӥʷкιɣ
ãҶ죬λ橡
ûеҶ콫˵꣬ӥ¬ʥ˵Ů
ĵ˵ͷȻСħŮ֪ǰӥ֪ƮøʥŮȻ˵ûҵĸƮøʥ
ħùƮøԴһ˵ħʹڵޣҲҪƮøֻ߰һ£ķԸ
ʥ˿ɺã
һܺãлӥʹġ
СħŮƽʱεƤӥ¬ʺĸףҲװɹԹŮװģĻش⵹Ҷһ߸еȲѡ
֪λʲô飿
ϣܹӡǼܡ
Ҷû˿ĹĨǣǰӥʲӦԼӡǱܣôʱ㶯Ҳӡǳɹ
Ͼռ˲ʵǹ죬ҶҲĶѣӥ¬ıܻûбӡǹôôõĻᣬҶ׷
ĻӥƺûиеκεľȣϾôҪӡǱֱ̫ܵˡ
Ҷ콫ոջɱʰսȡ˳ʰʬ壬ӥʵʱһɾ˵ɡ
Ȼɱ˰Ķӣ
ĵ˵ͷǰӥʵı飬ҶϾͿȷڵϵʰӥ֮ŶԹ
ֻҶû뵽ǣʰȻŸףӥʵ˼ֻϵ޲ʰΪӥһ㣬ҲΪﵽ޻֮
ƺǰеɻӥ˵߻ʰͬȼ޻ǿߣٶޱ֮⣬ʵҪǿ󼸷֣ôҵʵӼܶ޷սʤ߻ʰ


687 ҪĴ
ӥ¬ĻҶеޱȣҲʵû뵽ԼȻɱһ߻ʵĶӡ
ҶҲûйڷϣϾһֻ޻ﻹԹвڴˣδе𺳡
ϵʰӥ¬ϲûжٵĸм˵ҿԴӦӡϵļܣҲӦһ¡
ԡ
ӥʵĻҶʱһϲϾռ˲Ƽܶ˵ֱ̫ҪˣҪõռ˲Ƽܡ
ֻҪܹһɱ߻ʰҾӡǿռ˲ƼܣΣ
һ֮һֻ׳ӥʷ£һǰҶɱʰֱһģһ
ӥʷµߣǵҶɱʰĸףһΪӥ¬ȣͬﵽ޻֮ĳǿߡ
һǰӥҶɹʶֻҪҶܹӥʻɱ߻ʰôӥʾҶԼӡǿռ˲Ƽܡ
ҶҲû˿ԥϾɱһֻ޻ʣõһռ˲Ƽܣ߱Ƚǻɱ޻ʱȽϻһ㡣
ӥʵ˼βȥ߻ʰĵ̣Ͼ˼ҵĵϣҪɱ߻е㲻̫ʵԵص㻹Ƕӥʷ塣
һǰӥʱԼ£ʰӥʷϢ˳ȥһ˵ʰʬӥʷ塣
ȻյԼĶѾ䣬ʬ嶼Ҷ£ʰһӥʷ塣
ֻС۾Ŀǰӥʷ壬Ǽɵϵӥʣ˵ѳ֣ǵ׼ֵʱȴӥʷȻûһֻޡ
֪Ϊʲô߻һ̾Ȼеһ˿Ԥףʧ֮ʹɱǡ
¬棬㻹Ҷӵ
߻һӣֱ֮ǰӣԶʰ߻ʼֱ۰˼㣬һֱµˣ»ˡ
߻ʵ޷뵽ԼĶӾȻɱˣʬ嶼ҲϾǰӥɽҲóȻȥ
ԭ߻ּݵϷһ𡣡
ӥʵĻ߻ֱ޵һ뵽ԼĶӣ߻ʰǾϷ塣
׳һŤһٶֱ֮˼ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬߻ʰѾ˷嶥ҶСħŮӥ¬ѵȺԭء
߻ִݹ٣СδԶӭ߻ˡ
ˡƨҶӵʬأ
ޱȣҶСħŮͷβ߻ʰûۿһۣСħŮһǿߣ߻СħŮֵһᡣ
ʣµҶ죬Ǿ͸߻ʷˣһСС棬߻Ҫɱֱͺһֻࡣ
Ȼ߻ʰ֪ΪʲôӥʷͻȻ࣬Ϊ˾õӵʬ壬ͷβ߻ʰҲûжһ䡣
¶һ˿Цӥ¬潫ʰʬͷ˳֪ǲǹģʰ϶ǶƺǱרһ͸ġ
ԼĶӲʬҲ˵̣Ϊ߻ʵİֱͿҪˣα˵ˮ¡
Լӵʬ壬û˿ĳɣ߻ʳˣ飬һʼʹɱС
߻һֱΪԼĶӥɱûлɵҶϣӥҲû˿ã޻ǿֱӿʼ˾춯صĴս
߻ʱʵҪӥʵʵǿϼ֣ڷŭ߻ʣƺǱȫ˳һӥƺѾֲ֧סˡ
ռ˲Ƽֱչ֮ڿ˲䵽Ҫӥۼֿʹռ˲Ƽܣ˵ո߻ʵһѾˡ
߻ֲҪĴ򷨣Ҳӥ¬еһ˿˼飬ʱһֱδֵҶȴȻ䶯ˡ
޲ֱչȻٶϻȲ޻ʣҶ޲ҲԲֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ߻ߡ
¶һ˿ЦҶһʼ߻ʰûнСħŮá
ٴȡ񽣣Ӵֱӿ뵽ڣǰ߻նȥȻҶΪֻǴﵽ֮ǱʵȴѾ൱һǿߣʥǿ࿹⡣
ȫʥǿߣ񼶱ĳǿߣҲҶκεĵǣô˵ҶӵʥܣʥСλ񻢰
ҶĺȻ֣߻ҲûԤϵҶǿֱλ߻ɫ䣬ԭֱӱΪһףɾ߻ʰȻҶͷųˣһβͱնϡ


688 Ȼ͵Ϯң
ȻβͱնϣΪѾﵽ޻֮İ˵ʲôȴ߻޷ܵġ
Ǳһʵ൱ˣ߻Ҳ˵ʲôˡ˵ȴһСС棬һ߰ޱȵ޻˵Ȼ޷ܵġ
Ҫʱ̣˵һѾһΪڻ߻ʰһֺ¡
Ȼ͵Ϯң
߻ʰ֮ԼǰˣȫΪ͵ϮԿĻʮҲĶ֡
ûлشҶֱٴն񽣣һǿ˲¿߻ʰ
ħùڣȻǿĴڣҲܹռһϯ֮أû޸޻ʼĴҲᡣ
أһСС࣬ȻεϮֱ̡
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߻ʰٶ죬Ҷʹ޲Ҳǿһ֣ʹռ䣬ҶҪɱ߻ʻһܵ顣
߻ȴˣӥʷˣвڣӥ֮⣬һΪﵽһ֮СħŮ
ȻСħŮıʵҪ΢Ƕ߻ȴѾǴ´࣬ǿֶԸһֻ޻ʣ߻ʰʵôǿҲһ
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Ҷֻòľƾ˵ľҶޱǿţ߻ҲͬӲȥ
Ȼ߻ʰֻǸոµɽİĵֲĽֱӽ֣߻ʰʵҲ޷ľڿȥ
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Ȼ޷뿪ɽ壬Ԥʾʲô߻ٶ뿪ôȵһʱǱɡ
ʱ߻ĿռȻһɫĿֲռ䣬ռȴֻ֡
ҶʵľȻ޷ֲʥǿߣҪֲһֻ޻ǽ޻ʻɱһ̫ѵ顣
ռ߻ʰѾɫ䣬ЩϾǰĿռѾԤϡ
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ӥʵĻСħŮ¶һ˿ߵڴ˷һЩı䡣
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߻ʰٶޱ֮⣬ʵҲԣҪ˵ôȽֱһһء
佣ĴĴÿһֽޱȿֲĴڣ꽣񺣵ֻǾڵֽ飬ǿĴ֮
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689 һûУ
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СħŮȻûҶϾһֻӡһܣҶɹӡǿռ˲ƼܣôҲԤʾţӥϵĿռ˲ƼҲûеڶ˿ӡǳɹ
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СħŮ˵ΪӰΪ鷳ǣаߣһֻӰųǧ󣬾޻һҲǱӰ
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ڱӰҶҲЩɵϾһֻΪﵽ֮ıӰûʲôǧ͸еЩͷƤ顣
˵ߣܿ˾һǺܺõĵضΣضζںһƬСӡһ֪ЩСӡ˭
Ҷ죬а취ֵס𣿡ΪȻﵽ֮Ƕ󳱣СħŮļɵ


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СħŮȻĳĻҶɫҲЩ
ÿʱ䣬ᷢģ󳱣֮ݲ֮ܵ
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˾ˮʱٵõôʱƳǾǴ񶼲һ̫ѵ顣
ˣħùȳȥ֮㣬ʱֻҪ֪׵ʱȻʹ㣬ʥˮҲǲܡ
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ǰҶ쿴ǰԼȻô֮⣬񻹱󷨣֪ڵϵǺ󷨡
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ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾжϳħܹҲҪĴۣۿħԳܡ
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698 ûһ
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699 
СħŮν޺ܶĵطʱҶҲǰľһ
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СħŮĻҶ֪ΪʲôʥصĵֻͽˣԭǱһ˳軵ˡ
΢΢һ̾ʥ˺õô½ϵ˽ʥò˶ã·ϱӿֳһƬʵǿ߳
ڵޣҶûκεֻ֣ͷųǿϢħùڵ޶̿
ʱ䣬ҶĴڳɾʱ䣬ȴץ˼ֻޣһֻץ֮ϵޡ
һ룬СħŮɫЩ̫ÿô˵ڻ翻øˡ
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СħŮȴֲ˵ʲôϾոҪҶǰģԼҲ˵ˣҶץ
ʵСħŮû뵽ǣҶһץץ˼ֻޣǿ൱ڼ޼ʧˡ
Լǰ꣬СħŮЩ˵湻ݵģֻ޾ץˡ
¶һ˿Ĳ˼ô˵Լץ˼ҼֻޣѾСħŮȷ˹ϵҲʵЩⲻȥ
ҶֻҪһ뵽պ׳ԼʵоٶԲСħŮҲûа취պֻ취ֲСħŮˡ
ߣһΣԺҲħùˡ
˵СħŮȥСħŮıӰҶٴҲδػϾԼѾɹӡ޵ıܣֵõֻޣպҲħùȣƺҲûκεźˡ
˸ʵأںʵʵҶǸоЩԣҲûж룬ΪʵıʵѾﵽʥ֮Ҳʥܡ
ʥܵıΪԴﵽʥԲ֮Ҳνİ֮һǲ֮ʥԼĻžǺҲùԹԼڲ
ʵһƬïܵɭ֣ħùڣΪֻҪﵽ޻֮ޣӵԼһء
໹ޣֻҪʵͿӵԼҪһУ޾͸Ӧ޻֮УҲ۷Ĵˡ
ʥǿߣһ㶼ħùڵĳǿߣЩʥһ²֣ÿһλʥҲͬԼء
ҶСħŮɭ֮ʱƬɭֵǺӣд󲿷ֶͨĺӡ
ӥʵ˵ԽĺʵԽǿ󡣡
ĵ˵ͷҶٻʥܣϾںʣҶһֱһ˿ظУٻʥܣҲЩס
ʥɢĿֲϢСħŮɫЩԾȵʵʥ
ĵ˵ͷСħŮҶû˿˵ֻƳĿܰˣʵȷǴﵽʥ֮
ʥ
СħŮӾʵҶ죬ʵشң㵽׻жң
ȴպлᣬһὫҵȫ㣬ǻȽʸ㶨˵
ҶĻСħŮҲûмȥ˽֣ʥػ˻֡
ӥ˵ֻһЩΪµޣ˽ʱ޵ʵʼǿźڡ
ҶûʥͷųԼϢϾûмʱˣͷųϢĻ˵ݾߡ
ҶֻСħŮͷųԼϢƾʵϣЩνĺҿ
˰ʱ˺ںֵͬһֻª
ʵǰд֣ȥһõ԰һ㣬ʱ򣬺ʵںȻĹǿϢ
ĴʣʵȻһӳʡ
ҶСħŮױˣΪӥʵ˵ֻһλʣȴʣôһĺʡ
Ҷ죬һǺʼꣿ
ҡҡͷħùȣҶ컹СħŮ֪Ķ࣬˵Ҳ֪Ǿ䡣
ʲôˣΪʲôô֣


700 һɱ
Ʈøʼҡ
ڱչڼ䣬Բܳλ뿪֡
չأ
ǰʵĻҶû˿Ļɣǰ֣ҪΪ˺ʼĿռܡ
뿪Ļǰװ˷ôһᣬϾռֻΪﵽ֮ǿ߲ܹӵС
֪ʼʲôʱչϣ
֪Ҳһ꣬Ҳ꣬˵ǧꡣ
һꣿꣿǧꣿ
ĴʵĻҶɫѾЩΪĴʸͲʼꡣ
üǡ
ҶܹסСħŮҲܹסΪƮø飬ʱȹˣҶԷֻһλ޻ʡ
СħŮĻĴʵɫһ䣬ɢĹɿֲϢ˵˵һ飬뿪֣ɱ⡣
ߣһɱ⡣
Ҷ촫ʥܣʥ֣ܳȴû´ɱϾʱܲ־Ͳ֡
ʥܿɲܶԷʲôˣֻҶĻҶɱʥܿҲκεԥ
ʥֻǸոͷųԼʥϢĴʵɫ˲䣬Ͼʥ޻֮ĲޱȾ޴ġ
ǵʲôˣ
ʥ壬ĴʳױˣǸҳ֣ôʣʥҪɱǣֱֻϲࡣ
ֻʼ꣬ͨһ
ȥͨһ

Ĵ֮еһʿٵĳŴȥǰʥܡ
Ͼʥֱ̫ɲˣħùڣʥǿ߶һ
ܿ죬ȥͨĺʴӴ˵˵ˣûпռǣλϿ뿪֡
˺ʼĻҶ첻ֱ֧֣ʥסʣСħŮ
ǻûе˽һɳֲϢֱ˵ʵȻĴһŲҲ˲ͣ
Ȼʥ֮
ϢĿֲһʱҶѾʼıʵѳԽ޻֮ﵽʥʵ
ֻҶеһ˿ȵǣʵΪѾﵽʥ֮һǴﵽʥԲ֮
һֻΪﵽʥԲ֮쳣µģҺʼ껹ſռܣ൱һһӵеͨ
һ£ʼʹռܣǽȻֻӣǿ֮ĶսѾԸıܶˡ
ӵĿռȫúʼͬȼ֮д޵״̬񼶱ǿߣҲҰٷ֮ǺʼĶ֣ӵпռܵĿ֮
λذɣռǲӡǳɹġ
Ǻʼꣿ
ʼ꣬ǵˣѳΪˡ
ȻԭʼǵˣѹΪһֱͣͲ壬òʼĿռܣҶеޱȵĲʡ
ڣȻ޶Ǻʼˣӵпռܵȴֻкʼһ˶Ѱˡ
ǰϵĿռܶôν֣ҪĿľΪ˿ռܶ㲻ӡǿռܣôֻжԲˡ
붯䣿
ҶȻû˵ɢϢѾһУʥҲվ󣬱ǵˡ
ʥԲ
֮ڣһ˫ЩɢĿǰһ澵ӣ͸¶һ˿ȣȻͬȼޣһ㲻޵Ķ֣ǵȴʥԲǿߡ
ڸǼª˿ûʲô裬һһΣһŴ֮⣬߾ڴϣ˿ȥ˫յĹͻ𣬿ȥ˶Ļһ㡣
ڴϵһʥ꣬ӵſռܣħùھİߣλȻʵһ޶
ȴ뿪һҲͬ뿪֣Ҳ̤һƺѾΪ˺ֵһء
ǰչͻ˶ʥ֮һٴﵽʥԲ֮Ҫһֱ졣
žʾʥǿߣûղǰҲ̸꣬˵ħùȵޱȣ޶ţëܸʤȥңҲԸܼλҿԱ֤ǼλļܾԲҵĲ
ʼĻҶȷԼܵļλޣΪﵽʥ֮ĳڡ


701 ħ
޵ıܣҶʵȤ
ϾȽռ似Ϊǿзչռ䣬Զںʵ飬Ҷڵһʱ;ܾˡ
лʵĺ⣬ֻԺʵĿռȤܹ
ԷһֻʥҶҲû˿ĵǣϾԼ֮⣬߻ʥܣʱʼӵ֮ͨҲԲӡ
žĺ꣬ʼһ˿ȻαչأΪɹͻʥԲ֮ǶҲٴμء
ڲҪ˵ʥСħŮҲδܹսʤԼװ׽ռܣʼЩʡ
룬ʼ˵ҿԴӦӡǱܣҲҪӦһ£Σ
ʼĻҶһϲһʥΪòϾҶҲ뵽ʱŪܾˡ
λһ𡣡
ߡ
ϻص飬СħŮûκҪȥ˼ƺӼսСħŮҲԼʵȷЩ̫⡣
Сĵ㡣
ĵ˵ͷҶһʥܣԼһʥ֮ܽڣʥػҶҲܹСħŮİΣ
֮ڣҶһ۾Ϳ˴ϵߣû˿ĸеȣϾΪﵽʥ֮󣬱Իûˡ
Ǻˣ
Ҷ졣
Ʈø
ǡ
Ŷ
ҶĻش𣬺ʼһ˿ȣϾʥûнκˣħùȡ
ƺܹµ룬Ҷ漴˵Դ½ĵ۹Ƴǣ֮еõʥʥ
Ŷԭҽм꣬ǧǰҵΪѾﵽʥ֮һȴҵĳ͵ϮǧˣȻٴͻƵʥ֮һﵽʥԲ֮ҵʼûлָȻҪӡҵıܣôͰһ¡
ԣ˵ɡ
ɱҵĳңôұӡǱܡ
ĳǷҲһλʥ
˵ͷʼҲû˿˵²һûҵĳҲһλʥһֻëʨӣʵӦôﵽʥԲ֮ʵټʥҪɱҲһ¡
ҴӦ㡣
Ҷû˿ԥӦϾɱһλʥõһռܣֻѡһĻôһѡռܡ
ʲôط
Ǻëʨڵĵͼ
֮ʼӻȡһŵͼ󽻸Ҷ죬Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬺ʼٴν
к£
㲻ҪӡҵĿռ𣿡
ʼĻҶҲڸеһ˿ˣϾڻûлɱëʨӣʼ껰˼ҪԼھӡıܡ
㲻øеȣȻѾɹͻʥԲ֮£ұ뿪磬ڲӡǣµʱûлˡ
ȻǾͶлˡ
ҶҲûпֱӿʼӡ֮ҶСħŮ뿪ħùȣͷΪﵽʥԲ֮ĺëʨӣҶʥ֮ܵҲɱ
Ҷ׼ߺëʨӵģȵӡǳɹ֮ڻɱëʨӣеһ˿źǣëʨӡǱӡǹܣҶֻýɱ
ո߳ħùȣسϴʥѵȺħù֮⣬һ˳λʥֽҶ¡
سϣʲô˼
ҶǰСħŮɫЩѿ˵ô˵СħŮʥŮسһʱ֮仹ǲ̫
ħùȣҶɱôӣ뿪ħù֮󣬺سϾһֱħù֮⣬ȴҶ
Ȼس뵽ҶСħŮһģϾʥظܽħùȣҪħùֻƮø˲ſԡ
С㣬ϣܹҪ£ɱʮӣһ翻øڼ飬Ҫץħ
˵ʲô
ħ֣СħŮɫѾ˼㣬Ϊħʲôˡ
ħֻҪ翻øش¼ĵӣᱻħֻҪħʱܹҲǷǲмˡ
ħ֮ħ֣Ѿ˵֮ħɳƹܣʥҲԹʡ
СħŮ뵽Ҷ챻ħôֻ·һӿµǣ֮ǰܵ޾̷ȥ
С㣬Ѳڼ鲻ɣ
СħŮ˻סҶ죬سֱļˣͲСħŮȥôʱͿԴµʥ


702 һǼǴ
ħʲô
ƺҲ֮еĲƣҶֱʶ
ħΪƮøһǷ˼ص飬׼˲ŻᱻħسҪء
¶һ˿Цʵ뿪ħùȵʱҶѾ뵽˺سһħùȵȺô˵Լɱ˺سϵôӡ
Ҷеһ˿ȵǣسϾȻֱӳֻɱԼҪԼȥʲôħ
һʱ仹ûеʥˮҲûõ֣Ҷ췢֣Ʈø̫ܣħùһ㣬պźܴ
ħùȣҶһɹӡޱܣСħŮеЩԱͬʱҲҶһ˿档
ô˵翻øܹɹͬʱӡܵ߼ֱ̫ˣֱ˵һ
ǧƮøܹɹͬʱӡܵ˸ûУСħŮܹӡѾǾˡ
֪ҶܹɹӡܶСħŮĴжΪСħŮҶ죬һҪʳҶΪʲôܹӡܡ
֮УҶΪصĻǿռܣϾռ˲Ƽĵռ࣬ǿڶ̷Χ˲ơ
δ߽ʥصģҶҲõʥѲɺسϻʥʥ
ʥ
ʥ֣سҲסˣϾʥʥְ䲼ǳҲΥΪʥ԰¡
سҲû뵽ħùȻɱӵ꣬ȻδʥʥصˣʥʥصˣôͲڼˡ
ҶҲûгɣֱӴӻȡʥ˵ʥһ㶼Ҫһ֮Żջأһıʱ䡣
ҶеʥسϺݺݵĺһƺܲһ㣬Ҳûл˵ϾʥҲӲ˵Ҷڼ顣
سû˰ɣˡ
һ䣬СħŮҶʹһɫ˱Ҫ뿪ǺسϻҶ뿪
ȵȣ˲ڼ飬ɱҵĵӣ±Ҹ
ɱĵӣسϣҿһǼǴˣҵΪֻǸոմﵽ֮һ£ЩʲôΪ
桭
ûн˵꣬سϱоԼĿ󣬱ϾӵʵǰȷǶ֣͸Ӳ˵ɱˡ
ʵԼĵӵĵȷȷǰɱһ䣬س˵ɱҵĵӣһȥ
źسϵĻ䣬վʥѾ֣ǿֱ֮ӽܿռȫ֣ÿһλ֮
СħŮԼҶĿʥȻ£ɾԲ£ʵڲУ뿪ʥرɡ
ʥĹҶ첢ûٻʥܺĴ񽣣سһ񣬶ڽ񺣵Ĵһĺܡ
ԵһʱҶѾôζҪԻʥǿߣֻһ˲䣬Ҷ俪ʼ
ոʩչҶıٳ˶ĳϿʼðһƬƬĺɫۣԴӡ˰ױ֮Ҷٴη仯
ǾҶıһԳм䣬ʮ˸ɫķ̣ÿһ̶һ׶೤ԶȥҶι֡
ҶֱӰ˰СħŮȫˣҶ컹¶һͷߣһ˻Ὣ޿
ոϣʥĹҲˣʥͬʱӡҶϣ˸еޱȾȵǣҶƺû˿ķӦ
Ҫ֪ҶΪֻŴ۷֮ȴǻʵʥǿߣҪ˵ʥ֣һʥҪɱһ涼һ׾ٵ顣
ڣʥȻ޷ƿһҪǴ֮ȥҲš
ԾĲʥسҲһ𺳣ħùڵʱҶȻɱļӣЩΪߵҲ漶
ֻҪʥӣ˵׸ҶɱǱҶƭ˴֮ڣŽǰʥҶǵһ˿Ц
ױܱʮ˸ֱӱʥȥȻױܱʥҶȴ̫һˡ
䱾ǿټױںϣҲ˵һ̵ױܣĳϽѾˣױǿֲģҪȻҶҲܵһγ־ʹױܡ


703 ն ˫
ױܾһԭӵԺɨС
ԾʥҲʵһʮ˸̾ʮ˿ԭӵƫеȫʥ
ʥʥķҲﵽһΪ˵õĵزԾǱױֲҲûܹʥ׻ɱ
ǻһ˿ѪʥЩŵĿǰιʵ޷һǾȻᱻһˡ
ʱ򣬺س̲סҪˣԼʥӱڴˣһ˺ݺݵһһ㡣
سϵΪѾﵽ֮ӵյͨһ֣سֱӽҶܵĿռȫ飬ҪÿռɱҶ졣
κسʧˣֱʹ־˵ԵһʱɱҶ죬ʹ
źسϳ֣СħŮɫ˲䣬׼ֵʱȴո˵ʥ
С㣬𶯡
С
С㣬ʦּڼ飬ǳõ飬ʥҲȨ档
ʲôʱҲֵ볤ˡ
ʱռƺһ㣬ҶڴˣһϳոѧĿռܡ
ס
ˣСħŮϲΪȻֵӲǱˣʥ֮һƮøʥᰣһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߡ
һλ༫ΪӢӣɢһɶеʣһһλߵİְ˼ۻǰ㣬ƺаȫ˹һ㡣
ɫЩ̫ÿЩĿʥʥʥ˵ʥֱֻࡣ
Ȼ˵ʦǺسϣƮøʥҪǵĻµʱسƨţһҲס
ԿӣʥĶݺݵûһ£æĵʥˡСһʱڿ첻ǹġ
ȥĥʮ꣬պٷӡ
лʥˡ
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Ȼʥȥ˵ʥɫȴǺܺÿΪһħҪֲĵطҪ˵ȥʮ꣬¾һ궼Բ
ȴֲҶ˵ʲôϾܹһѾǲ֮ең˭Ҳû뵽ʥȻ
ףϿȾҶ졣
˸׳֣ϵһڷϾһֻ֣ܹԹȴҡҡͷ
ס
ûеСħŮ˵ʲô᰺Ȼ俪ڵӲ򵥣ԺسʵҲδܹ˻ɱ橣˵˭
׾Ȼ˿Ҷ죬СħŮҲЩȣΪ֪Լףû˿һˡ
ףλʥ֮һ
Ŷ˵ʥڣõʥ츳ǲһеˣ̶̵һʱڣͻ֮
ף˵ʲôһͻ֮ôܣ
СħŮױˣΪʥ˾ѵҲԲһ֮ڴﵽ֮
ƺԼŮɻЦЦ˵ٽʥ֮ǰΪѾﵽʥԲ֮½֮ûʥǿңܹһͻ֮Ҳ
ɾһ֮ͻ֮ҲԿ츳£ϾʥԲǿ߱ؿþòͻơ
ŮۣҶҲѾָʹ˲һʵҪҲ̫ѵ顣
նգռƺҶسնӣس֮¶һ˿𺳡
ͨеͨΪﵽǿ߶δУȴһϣ˵ʲô
񽥽ȴسԱһɱΪǰϣȻܵһ˿в
òϣٸʱ䣬ĳɾδزܳңϧǣȲһˡ
Ȳһ죿
ҡҡͷ֪Ϊʲôһ̾ǶϵһҶҲ޾ģûеȺسϳ֣Ҷȴˡ
ȻûʹĴ񽣣Ҷȴʹħӡֱӳźسȥױٴʹ˫¡
ҲС
ӻȡһӣسϴ򿪾ôһȣնƺسҶ첻һΪѾﵽ֮վҪҶ졣
ҶȻҲܹʹħӡȴ޷ӳٷ֮ٵҪȻƾħӡѽسҳˡ


704 ȻҵŮ
ײħӡûܹɹҵسϵϣسϵҲûнҶ
ٴ׼ֵʱһֱûжʱˣռͨ˹ԹԵȫ
ֹԼľȻʥسҲû̷᰹һ˵ʥɱʮӣҪߡ
ƮøһΪӪʥһϴһԶᰣسҲǺܼɵ
سϣ˳ʥ翻øĿˣµĹأسϲ᲻ذɡ
ʥ
ûеȺسϰѻ˵꣬ᰲͷİ˰˵ʣܲһ֮ʾͽ˽㡣
Ҷ죿
ǵǰ
ԼѾСħŮȷ˹ϵҶ׼Щ𾴵ġ
س˵ʮӣд£
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Ҷû˿Ŀǣüͷûһ»شЦԼɱ˺سϵĵӣǰ׳ա
ҶĻش𣬺سϵѳһߣȴҲûж˵ʲôϾʥʻǳҲûȨ졣
سϣɷ
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ллʥ
سɫĿһߵҶ죬ʵǰħù㣬㲻ɱӣһɼʥӣд£
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سϱҶʱƿڴʲôϣϾҶڵ˵ֱ˵ϹϹ
Ҷȴ¶һ˿޹ı飬ָСħŮ˵ʴС㣬һֱһаļӡǣһû뿪ôسء
ҿ֤ͷβǶûмسϡ
ν޼漦޹湷СħŮֻҶ죬ȻǴҶˣҶ컹ûаѻ˵꣬СħŮ㼱æ֤
سƺ˵ʲôɫЩѿ˵ˣµΪֹسϣһ䣬Ҫû£֪֪Լġ
ʥ
ˣȥɣһᴦġ
ʥǡ
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ͲúسϹˡ
س뿪֮᰿ԼŮʵ鵽ôһ£
ףҵȴǴҶħùȽӡǣȴû뵽سϾȻҳ֣ҪҶܲΪ֮У˵ھͼŮˡ
˵ţСħŮȻ£ֱļᣬ֪ԼŮǺ˵˵ǰ£Ҳû˿İ취󻹵úȰλСħŮͣ
ȴοԼŮԺ᰿һߵҶʵӡ˰ıܣ
ĵ˵ͷԼӡ˰ױܣҶû˿ռ似ܣҶȴˡ
͵ĵ˵ͷ˵ʵħùڵ޼ܷΪ֣һѼױȴǿԽģܹױռ״̬ôҿԸ㣬ױһ⡣
ᰵĻҶдϲҲʵû뵽Լ֮ӡǵױȻԽᰵĿܹ޼ټġ
ƺеɻ᰼˵һֻ֮УܹıܿһûС
һ
Ҷ֪Լ񵽱ˣڴԼױܽռ״̬ʲôˡ
ףسϲôưոݵģҪ취ȾҶ죿
ЩĿһԼŮ˵ȻԳһɣҲҹɱˣֻµʱس붯ϳɽʱ鷳ˡ
˵СħŮ˲¶֮飬ʵףô죬ȾҶ죬ʱҶʲô飬ŮҲˡ
Ҳֱ̫ˣСħŮĻҶֱҪˣ˵Ǹ߱ˣϲ
ȻСħŮĻᰵɫЩĮʵǲϲСӡ
ᰵĻҶʲôŮ˾ʲôĸף⸸ױŮҪֱӣûеСħŮ˵Ҷȿ˵ϲ橣ϣʥȫ
Ǻô󵨣ʥظʥȻҵŮ


705 һ
ס
ᰵĻСħŮʱҶȴûκε
˰ˣŮסСӻ㲻Ͼʵܹգպضܹɾ֮λ
ضɾ֮λ
Լ׶ҶۣСħŮҲʱеһȣϾʲôˡ
ף˵Ŀģ
Ϊʲôʱƭ㡣
֮ʱҶĴﵽ֮ʥ֮λ
橲ú֡
ոջһЦᰣСħŮĻƺҲ֪Լ˵˻СħŮŵܵҶ챳ֻ¶һ˫鶯Ĵ۾
߰ɣȻ翵˵
ȵ뿪֮Ҷſʵ翻øһӵмλϣ
֪
֪
Ҷеһ˿ɻСħŮΪ翻øˣһʥŮȻ翻øӵмλ϶ֱ֪̫ܳˡ
ƺеɻСħŮ˵ֻҪΪܹﵽ֮ԳΪʥػԶ翻øżλϣҵȴûҿԸһ£ǾƮø֪Ļʮλ
ʮλ
֣ҶҲʵһ⻹СħŮ֪ټСħŮ֪ģô翻øӵж񼶱ǿߣʥӵж񼶱ǿߡ
ֱһ̣ҶףŵλʥʹߣʥλûУ㵽ʱʥ֪Լɱλʹߣ᲻ᶯ˵
Ʈøжٳϣ˵λȴ޷ıģǾλ̫ϳϣ˵λ̫ϳϵΪѾﵽ̫֮ϴϣΪǴﵽ۷֮ΪƮøһǿߡ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲ֪ƮøʵӶܹƶϳʥصʵɾҶҲʥصʵ𺳡
橣ȻԳһɣλ̫ϳϵһɣѹ㸸һɣ
ƺѲµҶʣСħŮ¶һ˿࣬شİɣ̫ϳ֮Уֻ̫վڳһɣ̫ϴϣ̫϶£ֻ
һһλ򣬿һʱ֮˭Ҳκβ˭ҶлЩɻǾǶԷϾʮλѲʥҲ֮ͬ
Ҷ컹ʵʱ򣬾֮ϴᰵĴߴֻ΢΢һ̾˿ٵ뿪ħùȣν翵ȥ
翵翻øһʥ֮أҲڶ೤֮أʼڵһ翻øĿ档
翵λ翻øм䣬ܲ˰ƣԶȥ翵֮УԵøλá
翵ѾôˣΪǰҲʥµĵطѾԵޱȿ㣬ҶڵʱƺһɽСĸо
Ϊ翻øʥ˴ϷվʮˣкسϱУҶس϶ʱͶ񶾵
ұҲͬվʮˣҶ쾪ȵķ֣ߵʮ˻ұߵʮˣÿһ˵ΪԴﵽ֮ߵʮ֮УǰһλߣΪǴﵽ֮
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ²˵ݣߵʮǳһɣұߵһʥһɣҶ첻Ҳ֪ʥҲͬԼʵ
ߵĶǳϣǰ̫ϣһΪﵽĳǿߣҿԿ϶̫ϵʵûиǿ󡣡
ĵ˵ͷҶѲµСħŮ˵ұߵˣǸһߵģǸʥŵųÿһ˵ΪҲͬﵽ֮
ΪСħŮߣһɵ˶ûͷųԼϢΪҶ죬Ҷȴһ£ߵʮλϣٿԼ֮У͸¶һǿҵɱ
Ҷݼʥ
ҶֻǵϥݣԷСħŮĸףǵƮøʥôҶԲᵥϥݣˡ
ɡ
лʥ
һƺʶҶһ㣬Ҳκʶı飬᰿λĺسϣ˵سϣǼѾ֪Ϊ˺£
λվʥʻ̫λ֮⣬೤϶ػ翻øĹأ翻øΪɣ˸Ҳء
ʥҵĶӱɱϷһӣԵЩΪһ㣬ǲһµʱ䣬ʮӲɱϷܹܵˣԻʥΪɱ׷һ


706 ҴӦ
Ѿʶ˺سϣҶһҲᱻسϵĻݡ
ڳÿһλ֪ҲûΪ˺سϵһ仰жڣҶѾϵõᰵϿɣǾ͸Ӳ¡
ᰵû˿Įʵسϣħù֮⣬ǷѾʹˡ
ʥʱɫϷһʱ֮䲻Ƕ֣̫Ϊ
̫֣ᰵɫ˲ת䣬Ϊسϵ˼ѾԲˣ˿ɽ
̫λߣΪѾﵽ֮ȻʵʥᰣҲᰵһˡ
ʥ˭Ʈøƺûмˡ
翻øй涨̫ϳʥ˵ԲԴͷβ̫϶˵۶û
ƮøΪɣභ˺ܶ궼δֳʤƮøʥΪųһɵʥƺҲǰôˡ
ϣʥߣҾڸղţѾҶΪӣԴһ̿ʼҶҲ翻øˡ
ʥĻסڳ񣬾СħŮҶҲŪɶͷԲ֪¡
翻øʥһΪﵽ֮ĳǿߣȻԼΪӣҲ̫ܹˣȻͬᰵ仰سҪ鷳ҲõԼʵˡ
һʥȻҪΪӣسϵĶƺըˣΪ˭Ҳĳʥƫ̻ˡ
Ǵ֮ڵ˭ҹȻʥȻϱѾԳһɣ˵ףǶ翻øˣԱʥ
ʥ򲻿ɡ
Ȼ֪ԼֹʥľǺسȻȻĳֹΪ֪ɱԼӵˣĳΪʥļӣôպҪԸûôˡ
Ȼ˳Լľᰵɫٴ˼֣ͺһ˰һ㣬Ⱥڹ̡
سϣҪһӣѲҲҪֹɣ
ң˸ոսƮøܵõʥ˺أܹȵõҪȻûʸΪʥļӡ
ƨ
ƨֻĻصڴÿһ䣬˾ȻҹԼƨسϺȻһɾ˵ɱ
ԴΪﵽ֮Ϊ֮ƮøҲûһ˸Ҷ񣬾ʥҲ
ԼȴһСѾͷˣȻСħŮʥŮǺسһȷʵŭˣڶųĻֱӳСħŮ
ȥ
һŭ𣬺سȥĿҲ죬ֵĳ˺س⣬ԼҶ죬ᰵһб㽫س˶أҶʹռ˲ֱͨӴСħŮ
Ȼ˫ۣ̫Щ˵ʥǲЩ̫ˣô˵СضԼˣȻһˡ
ϣǲѾˣҸղѾ˵ҶѾΪҵļӣûˡ
ô˵˶ûʸΪʥļӣǰСصķ
ҴӦ
ûе˵ʲôҶȻ俪˵СħŮԼҶ˵һ֮һȵõһ
˵
ӦԼسʱһϲ̨ҲȻ¶һ˿ЦݣƺѾ˸ղĲ졣
ҽȣҲسһ롣
С
سɫ¶һ˿ѪŭոһѾˣʥ飬˼ʥسϵĻѲˡ
Լȣس˵ʲôҲͬģҶҲ֪ʲôĴڣ翻ø꣬᲻֪ʲôĴڡ
εҡҡͷҶϧ˵ȻسϲȣΪʲôҪ룬ǿЦ֮
Сأһȣʱһһ롣
̫ԼȣسϵɫһɳЭԼسϵɫ΢ת
ȻɳϣôҲֻɳųС
ʥνҪǶһ飬ʥɳųЭĻôνȻк塣
ϵ˼ͬʱҶˣ
̫û˵Ѿ֪ʲô˼̫ϵݰ˸Ҷ˵һ䡣


707 
ʵÿһﶼ֪̫Ҫڻɱꡣ
ҶΪֻǸոմﵽ۷֮֮ûдﵽĻôֻ·һ
յĽǣҶӦ̫ϵҪԼһ˽ȣǣԼܹȫ뿪ȣԳΪʥļӣһԵõʥˮ
Ҷ֪ʥˮûһ˻ɣϾʥصʥˮ˽֪СħŮҶĹϵҲûлɡ
ڶ賿Ҷسͬʱվһ⡣
ȣ翻øΪ֮ȣ治ǿޣһŸʽвһɥڴˡ
翻øҲɵӽȽһ⣬ֻҪܹȫ뿪ȵˣһĸǿ
ȿɲ滹񣬾ΪѾﵽ֮ͬصǿڡ
سϣʵҲɱЩӡ
ߵϣҶû˿ĵǣط˵ɵ񣬿ȡ
СħŮȵһȫһһʮĸȻСħŮûнȣΪ翻øʥŮҪ˽ȵĻһ׾ٵ顣
ߣ㲻ɱǣǿЦںѾˣȾĩա
˭ĩջһϣʱҪΪسϵĩվͺá
˵֮Ҷٵû뵽ɽ֮ڣسϵɫѾѿ˼㣬ĴҲͬʱɽȡ
ҲϸĵȼƶȣΪﵽʲôľ磬ȥʲôĵضҪøǿʵЩ˱Խ
ΪܹɹԿҶֱѡ֮أҲ˵һжʱһء
Ҷеһ˿𺳵ǣֻһҲ˵һޱӴĻǵʥԲ£Ϊľĥ󱲵ӡ
ڵһжõģǲڵģȴܽɱȵĿ֮
һӳĿռ䣬ҪʥػҪǿϼҶɣʮ꣬µֵڴ½ꡣ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾףΪʲôʥأ翻øȻûԸΪһĿռ䡣
ֻǸոսȣҶоǿϢЩϢȻ˾ȻΪﵽλĴڡ
ãռĻʵ΢ޣλޱϾлѰ·
һʱҶͶ뵽ԼĵռڣνȣҪĿľΪ˻ɱسϣԵһҪԼ١
ȻҶոս뵤ռ䣬سϴĴϱ˿ռڣƺǹѡҶһռ䣬µĵص㶼һģһ
سϣ̫ϳҵһȣҪΪ˻ɱҶ˻Ϊ
˵ĻسϵɫʱһϲΪĴϵʵеѾﵽԲԼ֮Ҳֻһ
̫Լȣسкʥδܹ붯λϡ
лλڱ·˭ҶĻֱӳֽɱ
سģֻҪҶ죬һĳֽɱ
˵֮˿ٵĳĸȥΪǿԼһҲԻɱҶ죬ϾԷֻһΪﵽ֮ϰˡ
ҿ˿֪ΪʲôسǸоעԼԳЦЦسǲԼ˻þ
س뿪֮һЦҶԭأѾȥҶ
ޱ޼ʣһ߼ʣ֮еһλҶһһҹʼҲֵĻᡣ
ô˵ԷһʵƾԼʵܻɱһΨһİ취ǽȵ
Ҷеһ˿ƵǣһһҹȻûһֻλ񣬾ܹвĴڶûС
ûκεİ취ҶֻôţСһ̾ѾͺˣϾʱλʵҪɱֱ̫ˡ
Ҷĵļ֮ʣĴ֮һΪȻͣ½ŲЩĿǰ
ڸǰԶһ̯ɫˮ̶ˮ̶ϵðݣɫˮ̶Ҷʱˡ
Ϊǰˮ̶ǾİħһȪˮ


708 
ռڣھȪˮƿԵʣԲŻ־Ȫˮ
ȾȻҲ˾Ȫˮ˵ʲôѲʥصİħһŹϵ
ƺ֪ǰˮ̶ûçײĳȥˮ̶֮⣬ϸĹ۲ˮ̶
ˡ
Ҷһ뵽ģٴӻȡȪˮƿ뿪ռ䣬㽫Ȫˮƿʱ
ʱҶ컹Ͻܣ룬Լʱֱ̫ˣΪȪˮƿǿŻɱ
Ÿ۲ˮ̶֮ʣҶĵĽȪˮܣſռ˲Ƽ뵤ռ˫صӣǸҲû˿ķ֡
ʱڸоһ˿Ѱܣɫ˲ޱΪԼѾˡ
˭
ϣһᡣ
߳űԼھȪˮڵĸҶеֻɱݺᣬСħŮѾĴϵָ
СħŮṩϢĴ֮У˵ΪﵽԲ֮˵Ϊﵽ֮
ǰλΪȴǴﵽ֮سϵΪ࣬Ҷһѡľ
̫ɳĴ֮УʵǰλĴڣΪ˻ɱγһɼֱѪ
̫ϸûнҶϣϾһͺһֻ࣬ԴҶȻʥΪ˼ӣҶĵλ˲䱩ǣѾΪǵж
ԭ㣬ȻӵоȪˮ̫ϻǵ͹㣬ܹʥϵ˹ȻͬѰ
ĻҶжʱһΪƺھȪˮ˽һ㡣
ұضһսڴ֮ǰǷܹһ£
ԣҲشһ¡
û⡣
жʱһϲҶʵϵþȪˮģ
ƺѲµһ㣬û˿ĸеȣشΪ翻øľĹڣ־Ȫˮ
Ŷ
ȻеܾȣҶȴûΪʲôΪǰĸδػ֪֪Ҳδػ
ֻһ£ǷǾİħһ壿
Ϊʲôʣ
Ϊܹ¾Ȫˮ󣬲ǾİħһʲôѲ㲻ϡ
ҶûгҲûзϣʵʥİħһǷŹϵ
ƺЩҶ죬ǻشİħһڣʥڵȪˮƿڴ͸İħһڡ
긵ĻҶֱ緭ˣܣȴû뵽ܣİħڣȻǿʥڵ
ôʥس־Ȫˮ˵ͨˣϾȪˮƿ˼ʥصģԼҵĶԼʲôء
İħһǷʥڣ
ڣ뿪ʥ֮󣬾İħһҲ֮ȥû꣬İħһٽʥطʥصϲַʥͨİħһȫϳʥء
ĵ˵ͷҶʻǽˣ˵ʵѾ꣬û飬ǷԿʼˣ
ܾˣֵܹ¼ʮвܣôҴӴ֮㲻Ϊ㡣
ʮУһʮУ
ˣôҪ˵ʮУһп¶ֵסǸȴҶ죬һԳ۴ιˡ
ҶȴðգȻĽʮУǲô˵ǰһʵڲԸðա
ƺеĹƣֻ΢ЦЦ˵ΪȪˮܹס𣬸ոֻǺΪʲôȻ־ȪˮˣҪסһ㣬ȻڽȪˮƿ͸˾İħһ壬ǾȪˮľȴȻʥء
ŸĻ䣬ֱӳҶٶֱ֮磬ϾһٶѾԽһǿߵĴڡ
д󾪣ΪƾȪˮסȻ취ɱˣȴû뵽ȪˮʥصĶ
ݺݵһԼҶ켱æ뵽ԼĵռڣϾޱǿţԼ뵤ռڣ񶼲ܷԼ
Ҫ֪ħʱ򣬾ΪѾﵽħ𣬶ûֶܹ뵤ռڵҶ죬ڸӲҪ˵һССˡ


709 ֱ̫
þȪˮûнסҲҶûԤϵġ
ϾȪˮƿΪİħһһǿֻʵû뵽ȪˮƿȻʥ֮
ûӵռڳȥΪʵһĶֻ֣׼ᡣ
ҶĺȻʧٲҲеޱȣô˵Ҷ쿴ȥΪֻﵽ֮ѡ
ԴΪﵽ֮ΪƮø֮󣬻ûһ֮µܹ롣
Ҷ죬㲻Ǻһս𣿼ȻˣΪʲôҪ
Ǻһսȴ֪֮Ҳɵһս
Ҫס˽ȣҪĿľΪ˻ɱͨ챾죬Ҳ뿪ȣΪ֮ɡ
˵֮󣬸ȻٵԽˮ̶ʧҹĻ֮Уֻ´ӵռڴеɻѵҶ졣
ΪﶼسδĴϽȣҪΪ˻ɱҶ֮ˮݣľ档
һ̣ȴ뿪ҶеЩȣΪҲԼôҲȴĴϵĵ
룬ҶֻһܣǾƮøĳϣΪﵽ֮ĸɱԼ
ٽϸոոԼôҶ첻֪ΪʲôоƺЩԾ
Ҷûмٸ𣬱Ͼ˼Ҷɱˣȥ鷳ЩĵҲһŪȥ
Ĵ֮У˺س֮⣬ֻиΪﵽ֮϶ԴﵽԲ֮
ڲܻɱôҶһĿ֮һļһΪﵽ֮ǿߡ
ով뿪֮ʣҶ콫һ˿ѪϣԶϵ٣Ҷ˵ָơ
ԺܿҶҵ˼еһ˿ϲǣǣһֻλս
ս񣬱һֻѻͨĺɫһңֻǿһۣҶϳѻʲô
սΪѻһ£ѻǲܴﵽ֮¾ʥܴ֮ﵽ
ҶԶĺѻһֻѻΪǴﵽλ֮ʵҲԿֲ쳣
ǺѻǼûдﵽʥԲ֮ҿӣΪҪȺѻһȣһһ޲ſʱƽ֡
ûȥźѻԼɵҶ쾪ϲˣһʯ֮ϣսȡһյĺ
ѻĴսʱ˺ܶǿ޹սڣνʵõģɾЩõޣʵĴڡ
ǰļλƺ۾ˣһɢ̰ĿĶڴս࣬һ˲䣬ʮֻλս
ʵǿʮֻλ֮ҲֻܹԹԱɱ֮ڶϷ֣ʬ嶼Ȼ޴档
¾ҶҲû뵽ֱ̫ˣһֻѾܱȴû뵽Ȼʮֻͬʱ١
ɱسҶһôֻʣΪﵽԲ֮ĳϡ
ҶΪﵽԲѾԳ֮Ӷռ֮˵ԲȻֻһȼ֮֮ȴһԽĺ蹵
ҶţԼӵſռܣҲһԲǿߵĶ֣΢΢̾Ϣ
ûѰλϣΪѪָֻҪңʱҵҶһ̾ȡ
ޱ޼ʣϾһ͵ĻԴ߿пֻһСȣ濴ȴޱ޼ʡ
߲֪һһҶֻ΢˰½Ȼܵ˺ܶǿϢȻ֪ЩϢõģл̲סǸʥصڸеһ˿塣
ܹӴĻѾ˵ʥصλһ˲ˣܹλ֮һҲǽҡ
֮Уʥھռһϯ֮λʥҲŽ񺣵һ뿪½ǰ졣
û˷ѻᣬҶҵһƫƧɽʼϾԴΪﵽ֮󣬳ٳٲͻƽ֮ڽһŨҵʥأҶɲ˷һûᡣ


710 Ľ٣ս
Ҷĵ죬ɽȻ俪ʼ仯
˫ۣҶ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫΪڸղţѾȷĸоԼĽټ١
Ľ٣νħֻҪܹԼеħôܹʹԼľ츲صı仯
Ƕǿ߱һ֮ϣΪÿһ˶Լħȴ޷ԼħӶĽ֮ٲ
ԼĽ٣Ҷ첢û˿ĵģǳڴԴΪﵽ֮һֱڴԼĽή١
ֻҪܹɹĽ٣ôڵĽγɽ֮ʵԲһһô򵥡
Ϊܹﵽ֮ʱҶޱǿţʥǿߣҲһս֮
ĸɽڵ춯Ľ׽ٲͬ׽һ󣬶Ľ֮еĽѡ
ҶȴĽٽٵһ̣ɽȻһƬҶԺ֮ƺʲôݺݵײһ¡
ȵҶٴʱɽ֮ǰͬΪǰȻµһţš
ҶԼĽ٣ԼĽ٣ʱܳɾͽ֮λ᲻
ֻеһˣվܷ֮ϣĿ˵Ҷ죬ҽһսˣͽ½ңΣ
أ
µˣӴԺϵΪ𡣡
ҲҪ¡
ĻʱЦЦ֮г˳֮飬Į˵ǿЦ֮°ǰȻҪ޳ܡ
죬ֻһ䣬ʦʲôط
Ҫ֪Ǹ϶Ǵҡ
˵֮󣬵ֳǰһ˵һʱֹֻܵĿռʱȫֹǷҲȫֹ
ʱֹΪﵽǿ߲ܸʩչͨҶҲû˿ͬĺһʱֹ
ʱֹӣƺռ䶼ܲסһ㣬ʱֹʱֹ˶ʱԺһ
ƺвһ㣬ٴʩչʱֹͨηԲǧ֮ڵʱȫֹҶ첻κεĳɣֱȡ񽣡
ڵתľе񽣣һոʩչռ䶼ƺһ¡
һն£ʩչʱֹ˲һ罣ֱӳŵȥռ䶼һѺۡ
ô˵춼һǿߣֻһʱ䵹ˣոջƳյĽ֪Ϊʲôȴٵ»ص˹ȥ
ռ䵹ˣΪֻдﵽĳǿ߲Żﵽһʹռ䵹ˣ˵ΪѾﵽ֮
ʱ䵹ͨǿԽʱٵ˵ȥһͨڣ˵ʱԽʵԽΪǿ
˵еǿߣһʹʱ䵹ͨὫʱһʱ䣬һʱʲôҲζλıʱɱԷ
ʱǰ
Ҷﻺ˵ĸ֣ʱǰͨΪﵽһӵе֮ͨ£ʱǰһá
һӵʱǰӵʱֹӵʱ䵹ˣֻҪΪĵȼϿ֪һͨǿһЩ
һһҶʩչʱǰʩչʱ˶ʱʧҶҲ˵ʱˣٴηı䡣
Ϊﵽ֮ľʱ֮Ϊﵽ֮Ŀռ֮Ƚʱڿռ֮ϵһָǿ
˵ΪܹﵽԲ֮Էʱ䣬һΪﵽԲ֮ǿǰǰֹʱ䶼˶û˿ôΪֻҪʱ飬ЩͨһЩѰˡ
Ҷ컹ǵ죬ҶĽΪֻǴﵽ֮ѣԲ֮ŲСľ롣
Բ˭ܷʱ䣬һʱ֮䣬ƾŶʱĸ̶ȺѷֳʤԺĬ˾Ȼͬʱ֣ͣնš
ȥҪֳʤЩܡ
ҪΣ
ҶҲΪԼ޼ƾʱ֮޷սʤ죬սϵʦҸǹϵ¡
Ҹһ㴳ҵҴ󣬿˭õʱΪʤΣ
󷨣ҶмֱΪǲǽˮˣΪʵ󷨵ĻԲǿ߶δܹ
Ҷû˿ĳɱӦΪ»Լʦһս


711 һǽʣ
Ҷµľ󣬶첼µ󷨡
֮ڣҶɫЩأΪֱ˿òŷ֣ȻҲ衣
֮ڵ˹ߣҶ췢֣µ󷨣ռżơ
ĴѾľҶȡħӡֱӳܵĿռݺݵȥ
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һֲص󷨵ÿһ䣬Ϊﵽ֮ҶҲܹȫħӡ
ħӡһ󷨿ʼǿҵĻζõ֪Ҷ󷨵裬֪᲻ΪԼľеں޲ѡ
ʱ֮Ҷվз֮ϣȻһԸ⣬컹ε˵ˣģ֮һ˼䡣
ʦʲôط
ʲôҶȤʦһУΪûʦյĻֻ֪ܲسɹ
пռ䡣
Ȼֻĸ֣ɶҶȴһľϲʱ򣬲Żǵ죬ȫʧ
˳Ľ٣ҶɫȴޱȵأȻոֻԼڶĽ٣˵Ļġ
Լ˵ʦվԼĸ˴ʥѹֻض޷תɹоҲӡס
ʦգԼֱڶ޷⿪ڵоĻ֪Ҫֻض
Ҷ֪ͬпռλأԼѾɹĽ٣ɹﵽ֮ҲĶ֡
Ҷû뵽ǸͽȻʦпռڣ͵
ûж룬ҶѾȵ뿪ʥ֮ԼпռھȳʦȻ󽫵Ǹͽɱ
վһĸɱ¾תΪɱ¾ġ
Ϊﵽ֮ڵĽתΪģȻֻһǽ֮ҶȴޱǿţʥǿߣҲһս
뿪ɽҶ췢ԼѾˣӰĽ٣Ӧһ£Ҷķ֣µʱ䣬ʣµĴϾȻû뿪ȡ
ЩŭκسϲɱԼˣ뵽ҶֱӳźسϵķȥΪζҪɱسϡ
µʱ䣬سϵˣЩʱɣҶǲѾȣΪµʱڣôѰҶټ޽
֮ڣûҵԼĳˣһλΧŪԼϵ˺ۡ
һʯ֮Ͼĵţ죬һֻϮƾǿʵ˵ѳΪĶв͡
Ű֮ĺسϣҶֱʩչռ˲Ƽܣռ˲Ƽܿڰ֮˲ƣֻһ׵ľ룬Ҷһ±˺سϵǰ
û˿ĳɣҶٴʹռܣسϻûüӦͱ˲סˣȻֻǶݵӣѾܶˡ
ҶʹԴӵõȻҶڵȴûʹ
룬ûа취ΪһΪ󾳽磬Ҫĵһ磬ȴﵽ֮
ǰҶΪﵽһǽ֮Ҳͬʱﵽĵһ磬һӣһɫϢֱǰĺسϡ
һҽسϵСֱһ̯ˮΪֹسϵ֮ԼӤȫҶ뵽֮ڡ
ŵ֮ڵǿҶֱóԾˣΪʵû뵽һȻߵԼӤ
ְ취ֻҪسϵӤԼȫôʱΪһ¥ﵽ֮
Ƕôµһ£ӵպǲӿߵҲԼΪ
ȻӤҶ֪ڴ½Ͼа񹦷һΪаĹ
оϲѣٶȣ񼶱ǿߣôò˶೤ʱ䣬Ϊͻƽ֮ﵽʥ硣
û鷳ҶҲԸκ뷨λԲǿߣܹȫµʱΪﵽ۷֮һѵ顣
뵽Ҷ˵˷ܣٵĳһȥΪеһ֪ӵ֮ͨҶЩȲ


712 
ǵҶҵλϵʱ˶е
ΪϾȻһҶԼʵҲԲǿΪС
΢΢һ̾ҶԼҪɱλƺѾĲ̫ܣҶ쳯ȥ
ȣһǵʥֲ£˵һ壬ֻܼѡ
ܿҶҵȻĴػƾռ˲Ƽ뵤ռ䣬Ҷܿһ
ûټȣô˵ڵʵԻɱʣµϣɺţ뿪
ʵҶ翻øгֻǺسһ˶ѣ̫ϣҶﻹЩɱ⡣
еʱ̫ϵɫڱ˱䣬Ȼû˵ʲôҶܹ̫ϸܵһ˿ɱ
ҶɹȡӽҶΪҼӡ
ȣҵõֹ̫ҲֻϾҶ춨µԼ
Сأ
̫ϵʻҶû˿ķӦֻǳ᰹Ĺ¿ͷô˵ڶᰵļӣһСħŮĸףͷζҪġ
Ҷ죬㻰ء
ŶԭҰô֪سʲôطѾ𣿡
Ҷװɵ˵سѾȱԼɱһӶٳˣʱ߽ˣ֮
ʦȥϢˡ
ĵ˵ͷƺҶе뷨˵ȥϢɣѾ˸㰲һԺ
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ϵĲ˵̫ϵɫԽԽѿصĺһ̫ϴλϿ뿪翵
Ѿ뿪̫ϣᰶ翵ȵ׷ʲô飿
ᰵĻ䣬翵ڣȻ߳һӣ˵ϱΧںسȴǱɱ
ӵĻ֮¶һ˿ȣϾҶΪֻǴﵽ֮Ȼܹնɱһǿߡ
ѾɹĽ٣Ϊﵽһ֮һֺصĹܹߵ֮Լʵ
˵ʲô֮
ǳױˣΪû˵һλ߿֮ӶԼʵġ
Ƿ֪Ҷĵʲô

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᰸ո˵꣬ٴʧԭأᰵɫЩ֮ˣû뵽ʵȻ˼ˡ
ɸ᰸Ҷר׼ģԱ߾ƸСħŮĹ뷿ھƸڣ֪ǲרŵģ᰽˵ľһ
ɸǰһɽ£ҶСħŮһУؼСħŮ̲ס¼Ĺơ
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ĵ˵ͷܹߵֱ֮ڶ㲻Ͼħڵõһ⡣
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СħŮȻ˴ķӦҶҲʵһ£ΪСħŮΪˣΪ翻øСһǲʧ̬ġ
Ҷ죬֪Լ˭ġ
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СħŮĻҶʵԼҶɻ󣬱Ͼ죬յ飬Ҳûô򵥡
ĵ˵ͷƺһ˿ϲһ˿ţ˵ҵڸ׵ĵ伮￴ʵһЩ飬֮У֮ƺܹߵ֮Ϊá
ʣ
ڴ½ϵʣҶҲ֪һ㣬ʷֱʥأħ񺣣֮
ֻҶû뵽ǣԼħ֮еõȻ֮һ֮
ھ֮࣬Ҷȴϲޱȣô˵ʵͨ죬Ϊ½Ϊ֮һĹһǿޱȣҶҲû뵽ԼһȻܹѧһʵĹ


713 쵰С
ҶȻܾϲԼܹõʵСħŮȴûһ˿ϲãһ˿֮顣
Ҷ죬֮УʵǺܺá
Ŷʲô˼
½ȷѪ꣬ƺǱģʵĴֽѹʵպ󡭡
ȻСħŮûн˵꣬е˼ȴѾˣа񣬵ʱ¶Ҷ졣
СħŮе˼ҶҲ̫ܣϾȣܵĺô
橣ʥصʲô
ʡ
ҽʥصɡ
ҶĻСħŮֻһ̾ΪҶ⣬ʵҲҶеĲᣬô˵һµĹջֱ̫ˡ
ʴʥأֱִƣȴʴ뿪ʥ֮ʥر㿪ʼ
Ҷܹܵĵʥر濴ȥޱȣǱȴǷϣ˭Ҳõʥصһͷ
ˣƺ֮󣬾ʮһȵʥشȡ
ʮһȵʥشȣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ʥشȣСħŮƺ˸ղŵ飬һ˷ܵ˵ÿʮ꣬ʥؾͻһʥشȣʮµ߶ԲμӣǰʮԵõҿԵõʥؿռĻᡣ
ʥؿռʲôط
˵ʥصм䣬һʥؿռ䣬ǵôͨٳĿռ䣬ҪߵǿҰٱڣŴ˵֮УǬ
ǬǷһ
ҶĻСħŮ¶һ˿ȣʵô֪ģ˵Ǭȷһ뿪ʥ֮ʱûдǬȴʥؿռڡ
ȻʵҶ뵽ʵһǳΪˣҶ֪ĳһǬ̡֮
ȻˣΪʲôʥزһʥѰҳǬ
ΪʥزԸֻ԰ˣʥؿռÿʮ꿪һΣֻܽʮˣʮ˵Ϊܴﵽ֮Ϊֵǣʥؿռ俪ֻвʮ߲ܹ롣
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СħŮĻҶиеһ˿ȣʥؿռȻԶѡռѡֱ̫ͨˡ
һʱ䣬ҶѾԼҪμʥشȣȻζҪʥؿռ䣬Ͼһ˼
ƺܹµҶ룬СħŮһ˵Цݣ˵İɣʵټǸ׵ļӣεʥһ㡣
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ȻҵĶ磬磬мλʦֶڶģȻʮ֮µ߶ԲμӣΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ÿһʥֻɳʮ˲μʥشȣİɣʱʮ֮һġ
ĵ˵ͷʥشȵǰʮҶޱǿţȻΪֻǸոմﵽһǽ֮ǾʥǿߣҲ˿ĵǡ
ʮ֮µߣⱾѾ˺ܶǿ߲ȻʥһʥأҪʮ֮ǰﵽ֮ƺЩ̫ܡ
橣һ⡣
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ĴүʲôΪΣҽһ´ˡ
ҶȻĴүСħŮȵʵʶַ壿
ʶֻ˵
ŶĴүַ壬˵ַ˻ͦ˲ģ껹ʮ꣬ΪѾﵽʥԲ֮ƺǰЩַ廹εʥشȣһõһ
һȥɣҶݺݵ뵽ΪԶַ⣬ڵĿ׷ɸԼʥ֮һүҪ֮Բ֮ҹȢСꡣ
Ҷ֮ٽ£Ѿʥأһʮһȵʥشȣ˺õĻ׷Ź
СãǸ쵰СҼʶһ¡
ʱɸȻһ׳Ŷ룬ԶֻͷһĴ󺺿ٵĳҶƶ
ҶĶٿ׳ʱҲΪ˸еһ˿𺳣Ϊ˵̫ˣͷһ㡣
òҶҲ֪СħŮĶ磬ֻеһ˿ȵǣ׳ΪԴﵽʥ֮
ǸƭõĻ쵰Сӣ󺺵ͺ׹һ㣬ɸƺ


714 
ʲôƭõĸ顣
ܴ󺺵ŭҶֱƼˣ޻˵Ȼֻǳμ棬ѾܹµСħŮԸΡ
磬ʲôʱƭˣܲܲҪ˵
ҶûнСħŮȴĵ˵һһŮ϶ԢΪ
ƼӣϴأӢޱȣԸ侲츳껹ʮ꣬ΪѾﵽ֮λ翻ø֮λ
ɲ϶˵Ըȴϴǡǡ෴ܣԸɽһ㡣
糿֪˭ҶСħŮ͸¶ûü˱ǵʦˡ
ǰСãҲʲôɵӣֻһ˲ѾףǰСԼõԸƭ
ǲô˵ǴʦģŹ꣬ǳд뵽⡣
ôǵò͸㣬ԼŰɡ
ǰһЦͷܣҶֿЦõĸо˷ߣֶһţͻµ
ڴ½֮ϣҪ˵񼶱ǿߣʥҲٵĿΪµһŵţڲʥĳϣ֪жʥǿˡ
ɾʥǿߣȴԼˣƤߵ˿֪᲻ᱻɵ
λ磬֪Ҫô
˶СħŮ׸磬Բô˵Ҷ춼Ӧýһ磬Ϊͬ˿ȥɷʵûʲô⡣
ٺ٣ֻҪӦ飬ӴԺСþˡ
硭
СħŮɫ˲ת䣬ԼĶƺƷһ㣬һҪҶӦ£ν飬СħŮƺ뵽һ㡣
Сñ죬ô꣬ѲҲҪֹ
СħŮʱԼλ˵ڿԣһСħŮҶĮ˵λ˵ɣֻҪСܹɵģһհ졣
ҶӦʱЦɽƺЦĲ
ãһ¾ȡһʥشȵȻһʥؿռ䡣
Ҷеһ˿ȵǣʵû뵽˵ĵһ£ȻԼȡʥؿռʵ˵ҶղҲѾҪμʥشȣȻȡǸ֮һʥؿռ䡣
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û˿ĳɣҶӦԼλȻ˵ĵһ⣬СħŮҲûж˵ʲôɫҲ΢˻
ڶ£ǽʥؿռڣһҪҶ˸ԵõһȻʥصȫɱ
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ҶƺǲԼˣȻʥϣҲŪɱĵزɣôʥҪɱ
ƺеɻ˵ߣʥصȻɱǽʥؿռ䣬˭ҪܹõôʥصʵҲͻǿ󼸷֣ʥؿռڣɱǣʥصҲ֪
Ҷ쿴˿СħŮСħŮԼĵ˵ͷҲ˵ͷ˵ҾǣǻǲҪңϾҵΪֻǴﵽ֮
֮ͻˣ
ҶĻСħŮ϶ʱ¶һ˿ȣô˵ûнȵʱҶΪ̶̵ֻ֮ļ죬˭Ҳ벻ҶΪȻͻˡ
ͻƵġ
СħŮķӦǡǡ෴ҶΪֻǴﵽ֮˵¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫܿ˹ȥ
ÿʥشȣȻֻʮ֮µ߲μӣΪܹõһЩʥؿռʥضɳԵŲμӡ
ÿʥشȣμӵѡΪߵĿԴﵽʥԲ֮͵Ҳﵽ֮һ£Ҫʥؿռ䣬ʻûʲôܡ
ǲǲҶʵ
Ȼû˵ǴӶ˵ԿԿһЩߣϾڶҶֻʵʥؿռ䣬Ҳܰʲô
ߣҶһߣǸЩϲ󷨿ҲûҶߡ
ѾʧȥĵˣҶȻһǿߵʱ˵۾ɵôģƺһ㡣
ǶԼСãȻƽʱ֣Ͼ˵ͬһǿĺ塣
Ҷ죬ǿߣ˵̬֮ǰֱˣͲҶǰֺͷˡ


715 Ϲأ
ǰ󺺣ҶЩЦã˵ǻ󷨣ȴʲôǿߡ
ȻСƳ㣬Ҳ鵽ʲôط죬ھͲһ󷨣衣

ȻҪԣҪȻ޷С˵
һԸ⣬ҶҲûбֳֻһ̾ʼ󷨣ѡħ
ô˵Ϊﵽʥǿߣǹڼ򵥵󷨣»޷סʥǿߡ
ҶȴޱǿţԴΪﵽһ֮󣬶󷨵ƺ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷţڲµ󷨣ԿסƼֵܣʱһ͵ħѾǰ
λ
µ󷨣ܹס೤ʱ䣿
ǰֻһţ϶Щ̫ţϾҶµħ󣬴߿޿ռ䣬ֻǶһŶѰˡ
Ը⣬סλһ
ҶĻ˶ʱЦЦ֮г˳֮ɫЦôһС󣬾ȻҴԲҪסһСӣܹסʱǵĵ¾Ͳˡ
á
ĻҶжʱһϲΪҪסһʦڵ˵ֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ȼֵܸո˵»̫Ѱ죬ѱǶ˵ĵ²̣˵ҶѲˡ
ƼֵܿٵĽǰĹţʧ˽ɸ󣬸ֲھȻһ
Ҷ죬ܹס𣿡
СħŮҲЩţϾԼλʵΣˣȻҶ󷨣˵ҶµܹסʥҲԸš
Ϊħ类ΪħһڵʵҪסλ粻£ɱǶס
ʵҶµ󷨣ҪɱʥȷףѵǣҪʥ֮ڣȴһ׵顣
ûٶ˵ʲôҶӰҲʧԭأħڣƼֵܶɫصĿܣֱ˿̣ҶĻ
ħڣɷħͷ飬ȻЩħͷʵôȴųǧոһգʥǿߣҲԽľԪ
Ź˼󷨣ļµķ֣ιʼ޷뿪󷨣ʱƣҲ֪Լ֮ڵ״˶೤ʱ䡣
磬Сӵ󷨵˵ãǿ󷨣ʱʥؿռ䣬Ҳһֻʤİա
ĵ˵ͷ󷨵ҲǾϲ˵û뵽СӶ󷨵Ȼ˵ãСõûпˡ
磬ǻҪ𣿡
ԸƨҵʵԴƴ󣬳Ǵڴ˻࣬Сӣ뿪ɭģܡ
Ҷ죬ˣҪȥϿǳȥ
ƮռڣȴûеõӦֻħͷ鹥˻ΪҶûĺ
֮Ѿ۵ĴϢƼֵܣڵһƺ߶ʲô˿ȥCһȭ
磬ôˣ
ŵϵλ磬СħŮʱһ֮ǰλħǶôĻý׳ǽʱ䣬ٿˣĻһʥӣֱµׯںһ޶
ҶСӣȻǣڻ죬ߣСӵš
ƺ˵㻰ۣݺݵһɽǰĻҶİӰҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪ˡ
Ҷ⽫˴ħͷųʥǿߣҲᱻ֮ڡ
˿ܣ־ȻûҶӰ¼еʵСãϹأ
ʲôϹ
ǸСӰ
տʼСħŮûзӦ˵ϹȻҶʱ˵ɫ˺ϼɷǺÿ
磬˼һûк飬ôͳҵϹˣʵġ
ڲǣԺҲǣ߶磬Сȥˡ
֪˵֮Ȼλ硣
磬Сˣǰûȥúо
ûеѻ˵꣬ݺݵĵһۣ˵Ϊ󷨿õͷԣǴôôһԵܵܣ


716 ֤
Ƽֵ뿪ҶŴߵķڳ
Ҷ죬ҵʵܺãֻЩçײˡ
֪橣һŮʺԸѧ𣿡
ս¼֮ڣҶĹ֮⣬źܶ๦һΪŮĽޱȡ
׽ҪŮΪﵽ֮ſҶڶĺ֪֮Уϼ֮⣬ֻСħŮΪﵽ֮
ʱҶ컹ûüŮڸϼӣʱ䣬ŮڸСħŮ
Ҷ֪ȻСħŮΪѾﵽ֮ʵʵȴ̫ǿ󣬿֮УҲڱȽϵ͵ġ
Ҷ˵ŮСħŮҲǸеһڴΪټʶҶ֮СħŮҲڴҶϵһС
ʶҶ콫ŮķȫڸСħŮСħŮȫסԺ󣬱ٵ뿪ɸ
ʥشȻаʱ䣬ڼ䣬Ҷÿ춼ڷϵسϵ֮Ӥ
سϱʵѾﵽ֮ҶţֻҪܹسϵ֮ӤȫôΪԿԸһ¥ܹﵽʲôͲ֪ˡ
ʥأʮʱҶڽسϵ֮ӤȫΪҲʮǰһǽ֮ﵽĶǽ֮
ȻЩźһ֮Ӥ֮Ϊֻһ磬ﵽ˶ǽ֮
Ϊﵽ˶ǽ֮Ҷŷ֣ԭһǽǽ֮ĲҲûж٣ֻǶڽ֮ĿȽϸװˡ
Ҷ֪Ϊܹﵽǽ֮ʶ֮󣬲ſԷӳʵʵ
ñ֪ϾȻܹʮ֮ڣһĻ֪θ룬һ̣Ҷȴе㡣
ȫ˺سϵ֮ӤΪﵽǽ֮Ҷ첢ûмɸ󲻶ϵš
ɸڳҶ֮һˣɳӶȫҶ˻ȥҶʱҲûһ˳
ʮ֮ڣСħŮûɸһΪŮȻ޴󣬿ȷʵ
ţҶȻоɸ߳ǿϢбƼֵܣ
ֻһ˲䣬ɸ֮ٽʮˣһЩӣһһЩ׷ԲԵߣվǰıƼֵܡ
λ磬֪ɸкιɣ
ϴμʶ󷨾Ļԣȥ֮ЩǰһЩǰҪ֤һ󷨵İ
ĻҶֱＫˣٹһʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ʥأ翻øҶ鷳
鷳㲻ңͲģʵƼֵﻹЩģСǶţ񲻵ʮͱѾﵽʥ֮ʥҲǰʮġ
ɾʮǰʥǿߣʥһٮٮߣȻһΪֻǴﵽ֮סȻȴҲ֮һ˿
Ҷ첢ûж˵ʲôΪһ̣ǰ˿ͨͨ˻ҩζҶȻ֣վǰˣΪﵽʥΪǿߣվһߣȻû˿Ϣǲ֪ΪʲôҶܹоһ˿
ǸǿҶ죿
νɸˣһʮһʮʥһ͸ǿߣҶʥصʵʶһ¡
˵ͷҶ첢ûлشߣǷʵǺˣ
ŶλǹԺĹ볤ϣʣµĶǹ԰ĳϡ
ĻҶ֪νĹԺǸʲôƺܹеɻ˵ԺڵĹȫǿߡ
ȫǿߣ
ǰһλǿߣҶеֻһ˿ϲΪӳûмʲô󷨸֡
˵󷨵ѺܸߣǼϼһҪʶһ£֪¿ɲأ
λԸͽ̵Ļ̡
Ҷܹǰ￴Ũҵı֮飬ô˵ûм֮ǰûһ˻ῴ
Ҷ죬Ҫ˵Ǽ϶۸㣬ǱһֻҪܹҵ󷨣ôⳡԱӮΣ
ԡ
˵֮󣬳ƼֵҶ޷͸֮⣬ʣµʮʥٵĲ


717 Ķ
ʮǿһʱǿһ͵󷨣Ϊɱ
Ҫ˵Ǽͷ۸㣬ΪɱܹӵţֻҪܹҵţôӮˣΣ
ԡ
˵Ҷɱڣɱ޴ޱȣ˹ɷҪ˵ʲôˣɱ
ĵ˵ͷʥصǿߣҶ컹ǸеЩȵģΪʮʥǿµɱԿԸϵħ
Ҿɱʮʥֲ£㲻ԣҶҲܹܵɱΡ
һһĳǰȥɱ󵽴ߵǧ֮⣬Ҷɫڴ䣬Ϊھɱռڣһصľʯݺݵĳ
ͨʯҶǽʵʵʲôǲҪǣǾɱڣʯҲͨʯ
ΪÿһʯڣȻһɹɿֲɭ֮ҶܹӾʯڸܵһ˿ɭ֮ء
ֱӿٱҶ챳չ˶ĳϿʼðһ޴ĺɫۣʮ˸һð˳
ģҶٴʹսףԴΪӵ֮ҶҲûʹսˡ
ʹΪھɱڣҶȻһ˿Ҳû뵽ʮʥµȻǿ
ɻҶһȴɱΪɵҲܹܵĳʮʥҪأҪȻҲʹľʯ
Ȼأߺߡ
ҶѾʮʥպлᣬһὫյĳһֲʣıȥֻ벻ͨģʮʥֻǵһμ棬ΪʲôʮʥΪʲôء
ոʹսףʮʯݺݵҶ죬Ȼս׵˫ػҶ컹̲סеһ
ʯϣҶ쾪ȵķ֣ʯڵɭ֮Ȼһ˿֮Ҫս˫ػ˵֮ѽڵȫϡ
˦űβһʯҶβ飬ʱҶڽеľʯȫ顣
սףֱڣҶ컹оеļ£ΪڸղţвĻ˵ѾһѸƤˡ
ȡİ񽣣ٵĲľԴ֮֮Ҷµľȫٶƶ
ľػһ·֮ȻҲ裬Ҳûκεв֮⣬ʮʥɫصĿ֮ڣÿһʥŶһ˿ȡ
˶󷨵Ȼ˵ãκһˣ޷սʤˡ
ɱʮ˻ʮʱҹģʥԲǿߣҲ޷ϰʱʱ˱ܹҵڣʱʮ϶Ҫˡ
˻Ҳһ⣬˭Ҳû뵽󷨵֮ߣʮʮʱµľɱ󣬶޷סꡣ
ʮʥȫתߣǸոҶ޷͸ߣһ⣬ʮ˶ĳ˵塣
ˣѾˣҳ֣Ҳûаս¡
ߵĻʮʥɫǱˣȻҶֲµľɱ󣬿ʮʥûиеʲô
ô˵죬ǰ߶󷨵ѣʮˣǾ嶼ûа취ʮ˶Ҷ죬ı𺳵ˡ
ʮ֮⣬ƼֵܶҲǸеһȣǱ˵ǵڣǶţ˵˻ȴǺ壬翻øһǿߣǾ㲻ԸҲɲǡ
壬Ҷô𣿡
ʮ˲ʵģƼֵܲʣϾƼֵ翻øλү翻øĵʥ
Ƽֵ̬ܵȣ͵˵Ȼ˵軹ңʮ֮󣬴һᳬԽҡ
˻ﶼһϲõȷϢڶʮʥؿռ֮У˳ġ
Ϊǿ߲ʲôطޱȷĴ˵һʼߣһʥǿߣ߾ҪĶࡣ
ҶΪȻֻǸոմﵽ֮ǼֵȴҪһʥǿϺüεʥؿռһУ˶һġ
˵˵ɱڣҶҲҵڣ񽣣ǰźݺնȥһ죬ɱ֮顣


718 
ЩĮĿǰʮˣҶȻûɢɱ֮ȴһɱ⡣
ʮʥµľɱ󣬸ͲΪأһ㣬ҶҲѾɱ
ҹȻûпСӣܺãܺá
ҶȻܹƵʮʥǿֲµľɱ󣬲Ե˷ܡ
λˣֻðˡ
ֻãôɱƵˡ
ʱһֱûп˵ĺ壬ǰĺ֮꣬Щ͵˵
ԼҶҲеЩȣΪʮһ֮ڣֻ߸һֿ͸ĸоƺǰһΡĸɽһ㡣

ߵΪﵽ֮ƾĸӦԿԸоĵ΢΢һ̾Ҷǰ߾һֲĴڡ
Ҷû˵Ķǰʮʥһ̣ڱһɹǿɱ
ҶɢɱƼֵܶȫɫ䣬ʵ벻ͨΪʲôҶӾɱڳʮʥɱ⡣
Ҷ죬ʲô
֮ǰҶҶʮʥɱĻôƼֵܶ˾ԻҶסʮʥġ
ǵҶһ֮ȻƵʮʥֲ¾ɱɴ˿ɼҶ󷨵֪ȾԳԽʮʥ
ûʲôҸոһʮλֲµľɱֻʮλͬһҵ󷨣֪ʮλΣ
ԭ
ҶĻƼֵܶ˶ʱһǻô˵ڶ˫Ƕɱһ
ΪһߴʲôΪʮΪﵽʥߣƮø˵һء
ҶĻʮ󹩷ȴһɫأɸ֮ǰҶҪԼʮ˽󷨣ǿüͷһ¡
Ҷһ֮ƵʮֲµľɱѾʮ˺ܴ𺳣ǺǾ䣬ʮ֮󣬴˾ԱǿԶҶҪʮʵûӭս
Ծˣʮ϶Ҫȸˡ
ʮ˸ҶκεĻᣬк֮󣬿뿪ɸٶ֮죬ҶҲеЩȡ
ԷӦսҶҪ֮ڻɱʮҲû˿İ취Ѳ׷ȥֱӲ󷨣Ҫ֪ﲻô˵翻ø
Ҷ죬԰ɣ
ǣ֪ǰôƺ
룬˶ϲҺ壬㲻ĻҲԽһ塣
塣
ȻҶ쿴͸ǰߵΪܹԸܵ߶û˿ĵ⣬ԶҶ컹Ǻº͵ġ
Ϊһ壬Ϸһ
ƫİô嶼ûһҶֻǵһ棬Ȼ
ûӻȡһСӣдźĸ󣬿СӣҶʱ类һ룬ֱ˵ء
ĸ֣ͺĸĽֱСϣɢһبŵζҶ鲻Խ
İǰϷ֮еõ󷨣ǲô޷⿪󷨵İﲻգ罻һܹʵϡ
ðѺ󷨽ң
ĻҶдгԾΪ󷨶һ˵ζʲô˭ٱ
ǺֱӽӸҶ죬ٵ뿪ɸ󣬿еĺ󷨣Ҷû˿ĳɣֱӴ˺󷨵ĵһҳ
Ŵľ꣬Ƽֵܶ˲֪ʲô룬󲻹Ƕ˵ʲôҶͺһ㡣
ԸȤƼҶҲ뿪ɸתʱ䣬ѹҶվԭһͺ˶ɮһ㡣
һ֮ǰСħŮѾɸΪʮĲСħŮŮҲɣȻûдﵽСħŮʵѽȡ
ǰһҶ죬СħŮֲҶҶ壬Ϊ翻ø飬ΪǴﵽ֮СħŮɲһʲô֪СѾͷ
ҹҶȻûжһ£СħŮȹϵϼĲˣΪ˿ﲻæ
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ھ죬ҶȻûжһ¡
ʮ죬ҶȻûжһ¡
ʮ죬Ҷˣʮ죬СħŮػҶʮ죬ûжһ£˭ʮڶ̤ɸһƮøʥᰶԡ


719 ԭ
ԭˣԭˡ
ڵڶʮ̫ոմӶ¶˪ûȫҶһɤֱӻصɸÿһ
ҶһɤӣֱӽڵصСħŮŵıƺʮ죬ҶĲѾΪϰߣҶȻһɤӣλʥŮܲˡ
Ҷ죬ˣ
ƺţϾҶѾʮ첻ˣһҶ˹СħŮƺҲһ㣬Բŷʡ
˷ˣֱ˿Ҷע⵽ǰСħŮȴе˵Ȼֻһ󷨣ȴޱȿֲ
ǺǸ󷨣
Ҷ˵󷨣СħŮƺûиеһ˿ȣĵ˵ͷҶʵ橣һ¡
ʰɡ
Ǹ嵽ʲôˣΪʲôҴϸܲһ˿Ϣ
ӺϸܵϢֱΣҪ˵㣬ǸףδǺĶ֡
СħŮĻҶиеԾޱȣ翻øʥΪѾﵽ֮ᰶǺĶ֣ôΪ״ﵽʲôľ硣

ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ뵽Ϊﵽ֮ҲһϢĹԼĹ޼
˵ȻѺ󷨸ˣЩ˼顣
Ŷ
ഫİǰ֮еõһΪŵؼİʱ䣬嶼޷ƿ󷨵İأұʥǿߣȴûһ˿ƿƽʱ彫󷨵汦ȴû뵽͸㡣
СħŮĻں͸Լĺ󷨣Ҷ쿪ʼмϾ˼ΪĶҪֻһ棬ͽĶԼ
ʮʱ䣬źòƿ˺󷨵İأȻֻһ󷨣ȴޱȵĿֲ
ҶֻҪ󷨣ʱ¾ʥ۷ǿ߶δܹȥΪܹһﵽʥ֮ĻôʱֻҪ󷨣񼶼ǿߣס
橣ʥشȵǲѾˣ
ҶףѾ˶ʮ죬ʥشǰ֮ǰس֮ʮ죬ټθ󷨵Ķʮ죬ѳ˰¡
ʥشޱҪֱӰҶķչҪǣʥؿռһڴ½֮һʥʵĳ
СħŮȴû˿ĵǣ˵İɣ֪Ϊʲôʥؿռֱӿÿһʥؿֱɳʮ߽롣
СħŮĻҶеޱȣΪÿһʥؿռ俪ֻܽʮߣÿһνʥؿռ֮ǰʥضʥشȣΪȡһʥؿռʥʱ򶼻᲻ϧ֡
ΪģֻΪʥڳӵ֮⣬֮һʵĳÿһεʥشʱʥΪһʱҲ᲻ϧŪ
ԶʥܹʮߣҶŸеޱȣСħŮ˵˵ʥؿռ俪ǧһȵʱΣƾʥʵȫʮ߽ʥؿռ䡣
ʲôʱʥؿռ䣿
֮󡣡
ĵ˵ͷҶֹƺ˵ʲôǻȴ˵ƺܹµ룬СħŮ¶һ˿ƻЦݣʵǲʣνʥؿռ䣬翻øû㡣
ȻЩ˼Ҷ컹ǵ˵ͷȻ翻øʥļӣҶȴ֪νļʵʵ
翻øǿƣʮ֮µߣΪﵽʥҲȻûһ٣ҲԿԳʮˡ
ΪȴֻǴﵽһǽ֮ʥֱ࣬һ̣ҶҲȷνʥؿռ䣬翻ø᲻롣
͡
һĮȴЩڴҶ죬СħŮһЦ˵İɣǸ׵ļ֮⣬λҲƳʥؿռ䣬ո飬㻮뵽νʥʮ֮С
СħŮĻҶжʱһϲνʥؿռ䣬˵һܹõʵĳôʵһٴһء
橣Ůôˣ
ȷ֪ԼܹʥؿռҶҲǳһǰСħŮʵ
ԱĴ츳һССŮȻֵˡ


720 ʥۻ
СħŮһŮ֮Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ŮжѣҶ˭ǽʱСħŮ˵زѾܲˡ
ʱڣСħŮҲû뿪ɸһΪ˵Լ뿪ĻҶʲôô졣
ûа취ҶֻСħŮɸڣ֮ڣҶ첻Ͻ̵СħŮСħŮŮҲһ
ڴڼ䣬ɸһΣҪǸҶ죬νʥؿռ䣬翻øһɳʮߣоͰҶ졣
ȻҶѾ֪νʥؿռԼǵ᰸ʱҶ컹һĸлΪҶ֪Լܹ֮ʥؿռ䣬ٷ֮ʮĹᰡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôμᰣҶָоǾᰶƺһˣʲôطһһʱ֮Ҳ˵
죬Ʈøɳʮ߱ʥᰳˣΪҪʥؿռͨʥ֡
ʮ߰Ҷ죬СħŮƼֵܣʣµʥǿߣһʮһ˿ٵ뿪翻øʥмȥ
ʮһ˵ٶȣһʱʥؿռ⣬ûжϻʥֱʹͨʥؿռͨ
ǽСġ
ʮ˸Ե˵ͷȫʧһƬâ֮УâһҶСħŮʮ˱һĿռ䡣
ǿҵʥصҪǿϺü
СħŮһпҶҲǸ̾ѣΪʥؿռڣŨҶȣȷҪ߳ࡣ
ǾȴûСħŮֹۣΪνʥؿռ䲢Ϊ˵õʥؿռڵǼ
ÿһʥؿռ俪ֻдһµʱ䣬ѾʥޣʥؿռͨʥؿռͻῪʼϴȻ֪ʲôģǵʥʴ»ʱ䲻뿪ʥؿռ䣬ֻ·һ
ȻѾ뿪ʥغܶ꣬ʥصһ˿δʥ֮ڣʾһ񻰣µÿһ䶼Ϊʥԡ
ʮ˲Ҫ뿪飬ʥصֱӳ֣ԥʲô𣿡
ס
Ļ˰Ҷûһ˱ʾԣΪνʥؿռ䣬ͷ˱ʮ֮УΪߵȻǲô˵ΪʥصĶү֮˶
ҶҲ֪ڽʥؿռ֮ǰһԼӹʥؿռڵһЩ飬ԸƼֵӦò¡
ʮ˿ʼǰȥʥؿռ쳣ŨңЩطȻγ̬ڿռС
˽һʱʮ˸ûҵһȴ˾ɹʮߣһûκֱӳ֡
ҶеЩȵǣɹνʥؿռʮߣȫʥиߵΪѾﵽʥ֮
Ҷһһʥ߶Ҷ˵ѾκεΣգҶȴ̫籩¶Լʵ
Ҷȡ񽣣ʹս¼ڵһ׽ӽ
ӽŮ˫赣֮ǰڣҶСħŮѾϵԶʥҶСħŮֱʹ˫赡
СħŮӵеĽͬһСħŮ˵˽ǵ͸ģΪƽҲ˫赣һʱ֮侹ȻƵʥЩֲ
һʥ˻ǿԷټһʥϵѹʱ࣬ҪҶϻ˵һСħŮʧ֡
ɹʥҲԽľΪǰˣֻʣʥĴڣ֮ǰʾͺֻһ㡣
ǲ֪Ϊʲôʥֵķ֣Լͷų֮Ȼǰû˿á
һʱ䣬ʥΪԼۻˣϾûһʿԵֵסһʥ֮飬Υ½֮ϵʵ֡
ʥʵСħŮɸտʼĻŽȶɹʥҲˣȻԼʶ޷ʤ
һеֻҶһ֪ѣսΪֻǴﵽ֮ƾǿʵȻԻɱʥʥԲǿߣҶȻûѣǱʵѾ޽ӽڵս졣
ҶֻҪԼʹħӡĴ񽣣ôǰʥû˿Ĵܡ


721 
ɹ翻øʵ࣬ʥؿռʵҲ޼һʱ֮䣬˫ѷֳʤ
ͣ֡
ʱ򣬾ɹһλʥԲǿߺȻ˵Ż£˫Ҳ֮ͣÿһ϶ɢǿɱ
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ͨΪɹһһˣʮ꣬ΪѾﵽʥԲֻ֮һܹɾ֮
νʥؿռ䣬ʥض˴Ǯǿһǿ߻϶ȫʥؿռ䣬Ͼջֱ̫ˣ񽣻ʥʵĳ
ֻǸոսʥؿռ䣬һ»ܳ˫һǱ
Ӻܣȴһ㲻ɵͨ뵽ĵ뵽ֻոռ˫һʱ֮ûɲסְˡ
ͨ˵ĺܶԣʥؿռһӵʥأ翻øɹһóȫ
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ɵӣܹͨĻһ˿˼ͨ˵νʥؿռ䣬˫ҪõǬȴ׸
ҪôƺѾ³ͨ˼ĶǰĴ󺺡
˫ֲһȻ˭ܹõڵ͸ƾˣ㿴Σ
ͨĻҶһʱѾ֪ɹһĵһͨԲһ򵥵ˡ
ɫЩأ˿ļˣҶԼͷ˵ɽ
˵֮˿뿪ոҶսʥɫЩѿ˵ʦ֣ǸЩŹ֡
ŶкιŹ֣
ʥĻرֻͨЩССľȣϾҶΪֻǸոմﵽһǽ֮Щʥǿ˵ʲô
ʦ֣Ƕ˵֮޷սʤˡ
˵ʲôظһ顣
ͨɫڱˣΪվԼߵʵΣԼ֣Ҳ׽˻ܡ
ո뿪ĺֻһʣҪ˵ʥ֣¾һʥҪɱһʶһ׾ٵ顣
ԼʦܣȻ˵ʥ֮޷սʤһʣ̫ܣͨȴ֪ԼλʦܾԲƭԼ
Ҳ֪ô£ΪͲص֮Ȼ޷һ֣ƺ֮һ㡣
˴ͨɫѿ˼㣬Ϊʥ֮Աǿ󣬾ǿ֮֮ǰӵе֮ƨǡ
һʲʥ֮ʲô
Σȫɱˡ
ĵ˵ͷͨĻûһ˷ԣϾ¹أһǽʥؿռڣھɹ翻øһʲôС
·ϣҶߣ˵磬಻ң
Ϊʲôôʣ
ɹһֱǡ
ʲôôܣ
磬ҾҵģţҲ޻˵
ǰһ֮ɫҶ죬ջѡţƼֵţҲţʣµȫԡ
˵˵ȻɹѾ翻øЭ飬ôӦðЭȽȻȥԸɹ
Ҷ죬Ǹô죿
ʮˣžĿԶԸɹˡ
Ҷ󷨣Ҳ֪ħƼֵ᲻֪Ƕ˶סôҪסɹ׾١
ոսʥؿռ˾ɹˣһʱ֮ƼֵҶ컹һߣôҲɹʲôЭ顣
ȴͬ⣬ΪǸҶ죬յĽǣ翻øνʥؿռʮ˷ֳҶһԣʣµʥһԣ֮ȴһʥԲǿߡ
ȵ뿪֮Ҷ˵ʱ䲻ˣڲµľ󣬵ʱĸ˸һλûҵķԸκ뿪Լķλ
СħŮƼֵûһ˶˵ʲôΪ˶ǰ󷨣ʱܹƾ󷨽ɹʮʥǿɱĻôʥؿռ֮Уֶһʤ㡣
ҶȡĴ񽣣ٵĲľµľ󣬾ޱȾ޴󣬶ʥһʵİҶţһ̵ľֵڴŲý꣬ȫѡгĬĿš


722 ľɱ
һᣬҶѾľ󣬶СħŮƼֵ˷ֱվ񽣵ķλҶվ֮ϡ
Ĵ񽣣ΪһҲΪʲôڽ֮ڣһҶң˵꽣񺣵ھҶҵˡ
ո׼ãɹʮѾԶľͷǰͨɫޱȣϾһʾȻ֮Լλʦ֤Ըš
ʦ֣ʵԶԸƮø硭
ûеȸոҶභʥ˵ֱ꣬ͨӰ˰֣˵βΣ˶뾡
ʦ֣νʥؿռ䣬ҪĿΪǬΪһǲЩֵ̫ˣ
ǲһʾȻֵ֮ʲô֪⣬˵ΪﵽʥĻôǿһ־𡣡
ͨĻŴʥȫɫһ䣬֮½Ϊϣ仰ڴ½Ϲ㷺ʥҲͬΪԡ
֮£֮ԽΪϣΪֻҪΪﵽ֮ڱγӤӵ־ȻֻԻɱЩţһҪɱһʥֱһ׾ٵ顣
Ծͨôһ˵˶ֵķ֣һʥһ־ôʥ˵һв
ʦ֣Ǹô죿
Ŵʥͬνʥؿռ䣬翻øҲʮߣҪ翻ø˵ɱ꣬һܵ顣
ͨҲһ֮ɫŴʥ뵽ͬҲ뵽ˣĸ翻ø֮⣬⻹в
ʱǾס翻øˣڴ˾ͽˡ
ȫͷʮʥٳҶľȥֻһʱ䣬ɹʮʥľ֮⡣
⿴ľܵĿռΪһ壬ʮʥûз֣ǰһ
žԼֻʮ֮ԶʮʥһСħŮԼƼֵܶһ
ʦ֣翻øƺʧˡ
˵ͷͨȻ֪Ʈø˲ˣǲ֪ΪʲôͨǸоԼǰЩԾﲻԾ˵
ʱ򣬾֮УһЩСͷȻͨߣ˵ʦ֣ǰ֮⣬Ʈø˾С
Ŷ֮пʣ
ûС
СͷĻʣµľʥԼͨû˿ĻɣΪСͷΪǧͨǧ֮һ㡣
ͨɫ˵Σ˱Ǳ·˭ҵ˶ؽɱ
ʮ˿ٷֳӣǧͨͨһԿٳ˶ȥʣµˣҶ춯ֵʥѰҶһ˵ټ
ȵͨ뿪֮ʣµʥǰĿռ䣬ʼǰһ
ڣʥ뵽ľڣжʱһϲҶľĴ񽣿ٵת
ողľʱҶѾ󷨵ˣһ˲䣬ֵľռڡ
ԶոջĿռȻĵ⣬ĵֱתתٶԽԽ죬ֻܿһĽˮĻ
ڵҶ˵ʵ˵֣ľԽʥȫɱʱ֮ЩȷʵǸոջɱʥ
ĵ˵ͷҪ˵Ҳһ֮ɫΪڴ֮ǰҲţһȻܹɱʥǿߡ
ȻʥʥزΪĴڣǲô˵ǵĵȷȷʵʥǿߣ˳ֶԸˣҪ˵ɱˣµʱ˵һܹס
Ҷ죬ʲô
ľ󡣡
˵ʲôǽ񺣵ľ󣿡
ҶûлشҲûзϣʹľʱûҪƼֵܶˣϾҪԷʥʹľ
ҶԼˣʱ뿪ʥؿռֻҪƼֵܽԼµ󷨸ˣôʥ֮һ˻֪ľ
ǽ񺣵ˣ
ʻСħŮƼֵҲĶҶҲû˵ҵȴǽ񺣵ˡ
ҶʥؾͷϾʥصһλʥ͵Ϯүүɲʥػǽ񺣣֪¡
ɾû£ʥ뽣ҲͷΪÿһʥͨ񺣣ħʥؿս
ƺеĵǣСħŮ˵İɣȻʥ뽣֮йսȴѣǽ񺣵ˣϣ㻹ǲҪ˵ȥ
˵öԣȻǲںǽ񺣵ˣɲʥҲںҵ˼𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶ쵱Ȼףʥ뽣񺣴սҪʥص֪ǽ񺣵ˣôһɱû˿Ŀǡ
Ҷ죬İɣǽ񺣵ˣҲ˿Ĳ⣬λҪľûľǸ޷ɱʥ
˵öԣľʣµ˸ǹκεвʥؿռһУҪʤˡ
εĿһǰҶʵƼˣνʥؿռ䣬ҪΪǼֲΪʥ֮ĶԹ㵽ʱȫɱΣֵòǬ
Ҷȴû˵ϾƼöԼܺãûͣһ˿ٵĳǰȥΪ֮һս
ɹʥս翻øʥȻһʼ翻ø˱һֲǲô˵翻øʥսɹʥܿվ˽Ÿ
ͨ㵱治֮Լ𣿡
ԼƨԼӽµȥ
翻øһأͨȻңƺ翻øŲ֮һ㡣
ʮһʥĴսֱǾ춯أռƺһ𶯣ʱԶɽɽȻһŭ𣬺쳹ء
ģĸ۵ĶȻӵΡ
ź䣬ֻɽɽȻ伤һ޴Ӱڴսʮһʥʱһ϶֮ɫ
ħţȻǰħţҵϵۡ
ħţ֮еĶڣһ޴ޱȣħţҲҪ˱ᣬҰħţһͨǾǿ԰֮⡣
˵֮ǰħţʧڴ½ϣħţҲûгֹʮһʥ˭Ҳû뵽ʥؿռڣȻŰħţ֡


723 ̸
ǰֻħţϢΪѾﵽʥԲ֮
Ҫ֪ͬȼ֮䣬һ£޵ʵǿ֮࣬еĶھ͸ǿˡ
ֻһ˲䣬翻øλʥǾɹλʥڼħţʱÿһתܣûһʥϡ
ʵʮһʥЩƵˣΪʮһ˵֮Կһֻħţ뿹⣬ô˵㰵ħţҲͬʱԸʮһʥǿߡ
û֮ǰһԼ֪ԸԼͬˡ
żԼܵ࣬ħţһϵϢҰķ裬һֵĴ󺺣˦ֻ׳ĴȽ׷ᡣ
޵Ϊﵽʮһ޻֮ʱ򣬱Կԣ޵Ϊﵽʮʥ֮ôʱޱԻûˡ
Ҫ࣬ȻҴűүϢ
󰵵ħţĺʮһʥ˵˿ͣ޲Լ
׷һ·̣ħţƺ׷ˣ¶һ˿ŭ漴󳤳ɫĳ򣬰ħţֱӷ
ʥٶȻ죬ԶԶ簵ħţķٶȣֻһʱ䣬ħţʮһʥľ㱻˺ܶࡣ
һ¿ʮһʥٴδһոֻˣȫˣħħţŷеͨ
֪ǲǹģ翻øʥɹʥٵķֱֿϱȥΪ԰ħһ˵ʵ׷˫
ħţ׷ѡ翻øλʥǷ˿࣬ɹʥȴֿ˻
ͣ½ŲͨѾʧھͷ˫˵û뵽ʥؿռھȻޣ翻øǱˡ
ʦ֣ǽô죿
Ѱˣ˵ˣξòκζҲɱˡ
ǡ
ɹʱվ翻øʥɾûֺˣƺϷˣһ㣬ħţǵľֻǶݵʮף಻١
ʥ죬ħţٶȾж죬еֻһ˿٩ƺµѾ֮һ㡣
Ҷ죬һ
ĵ˵ͷ˻ʱҶȻӼʯļз֮ڣҵһѩײ£˵ﶼףѩײһһ
ʥصڣ½֮һԿʥؿռ䣬Ϊ˼ʥصĺ󱲵ӡ
͸㡣
͸ңһ
Ҷݹѩײ£СħŮɫЩȣô˵һޱҪģǶһ˵
Ҷȴֱ˵һΣҪ˵һһΣ
˻СħŮҲ̲סֱ˹ȥסҶƼֵһ͵Ŀǰ꣬һܹΪԼȥֵȥġ
ΪСħŮԴѩײ£СħŮպķҲԸһ¥Ҫ֪½ȻҲڣǷΪ١
Ҷϵսף֮мΪѵõķʱ򣬷ñȹҪ
ȥط˵Եõ
ɡ
Ϊʲô
ƴ磬ǷҵĻ
Ȼš
֮ǰһУһ̵ƼֵܶҶֱŵĲˣϾһܹɱʥˣʥػûй
Ȼʥر½ΪʥأǶߣʥͬʣΪ½ϣ߼ֱ̫ϡˡ
һ翻øϾܹΪ翻øӵеҲԲᳬʮʥصȫҲ಻ᳬʮѡ
ʥؿռƺڶ󷨣ֻҪһ֮ڣʱҶѳȥ
ҶĻƼֵܴһһҲҶ˵ʵԣɻʵҲƲ𣿡
Ҳұ֤
ط󷨣Ҷ˵ģȴʥؿռ䣬֮һģԶڴ˵֮еµ󷨣Ҷʵûʲôġ
ڸô죿
ƶ磬ʵĳǬʥؿռʲôط
Ҷ죬ҪõڵĳǬ
⣬Ҷû˿ʵĳǬȷ˼õʥؿռҪҵǬ̸ס


724 ȣֻ
ҵȷҪõǬ
ҶĻشƼֵܸûκεŭһ͵˵жˣҪõʲôҪȥȡ
˵öԣҾ֧㣬ǬΪʥصһһֱͷʥؿռڣô뿪ʥؿռ䡣
ôѵûһҵǬ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ˵˵ɫһ֮ɫÿʮ꣬ʥضʮӽʥؿռѰǬȴһֱûҵ
һᵽǬԶʥеʹΪǬΪʵֱҪͨ졣
ɾһȴʷӡʥؿռڣʥֻĿţȴòͺһ˵ҰڼһͷֻܿȴԶԲһ㡣
˵Ǭͷʥؿռڣʲôطȴ֪
СħŮĻҶҲǸеһΣ֪ͷǬĵطҪʥؿռҵǬֱһ㡣
ʱСħŮɫȴЩƤ˵֪ʥؿռмطпܡ
ʲôط
ƼֵҶʵϾһջֱ̫ˣҶҲֿסջ
ҲԣǱӦһ£̸
Ƽֵܶ˻Ҷ죬˺Ĭĵ˵ͷ˵ʲôǶӦ㣬Ͽ˵
ΣǶ뱣Լ
ǴӦ㡣
˵ĻشСħŮĵ˵ͷ˵˵ʥؿռһ׵أֻ֡
ֻ֣Сãû˵
ԼĸһۣСħŮ˵Ҳ֮ģ׻һ٣˵ֲֻʥؿռ׵أҲɣ˵ǵ¡
橣˼ǣǬпֻܾһط
ûʥɳӽʥؿռ䣬ǲôѰңƺʥؿռ䶼ұ˿Ȼû˿Ϣ˵ʲô
СħŮĻȫĬˣԭܼ򵥣Ǿ˶СħŮĻеôǿ߽ʥؿռ䶼޷ҵǬֻ׵ûҹ˵ʲô
ֻһ˲䣬˵ﶼѾһ𰸣ǾǳǬٷ֮ʮпܾͲֵֻ֮һĵط
Ҳʴ»ʥؿռ׵쳣Ҳɡ
Ѿ˵Ȼֻ֣һвҪȻôӦ˽УǬ׵أôֻʥҲӦ˽ˡ
ûһֵֻ֪һУ˵ˣȻֻ֣ʥ˵һա
Ҷ죬ô
һȥ
ãȻǵδ÷򣬿ȻʥصˣҪõǬͱԼʵ˵𣿡
ĵ˵ͷĻҶ᲻֪ô˵Ƽֵܶʥصˣһ翻øʥλүܳʲôԭ˶ܽʥ͸
СħŮѾȷ˹ϵҲκεķˮҶ˵λ磬пܣϣǻǲҪ׵ء
ҶܹͬʵĵطһвȻƼֵܵΪѾﵽһʥ֮ʵһһء
Ȼֻ֣ҲɣһҶţƼֵܵʵֻҪ֮һǱɡ
ô˵˶СħŮĸ磬ҲҶĸ磬Ҷ첻κε˺ܹĵʱƼֵһи⣬ôСħŮһ
ƺܹĹϵƼֵȴһɼᶨ֮ɫ˵νʥؿռ䣬ҪΪǬȻţǵʵܵõǬҲҪȡһ£ŶԵʥأԵǵġ
һ̾ҶǰѾ¶˾ģԼĥƤӣҲ˸ı⡣
û˿İ취Ψһܹľǣʱһ׵вôֻоԼŬסˣʲô⡣
橣ֵֻ֪ĵַ𣿡
ǻˣҶұκεϣСħŮҶȴžԵģСħŮĺģڵ֪һ뷽跨ֵֻ֪ĵַ


725 ʬ
ȻϣСħŮ¶һ˿ƻЦݣ۾һգһգĿǰˡ
һСħŮı飬ﶼ˴𰸣ɴʵСã㲻ҪˣϿ˵ֵֻʲôط
˵öԣιغ翻ø£һҲá
ĻҶ㱻ԼĿˮʵҲ̫ܳˣʲôйϵ翻ø£Ѳ翻øȢء
ҶǿЦ⣬ǲСħŮܹסĻո˵꣬СħŮ޼ɵĿЦһҲܼѾһߵ
ҪЦˣϿ˵ֵֻĵַ
ƺЦСħŮҲ֪Լλƽʱ֣ҲѪӣһʱ֮ҲסЦ
磬û˵ǣȺֻ־ڡ
СħŮָֻǰˣ֮󣬾Ҷ죬ҲЩΪСħŮ˵ֵֻĵַȻʥؿռұߡ
˻ѡȣϾһһңֲֳܷӣطֻѡһ
ʥؿռ޾һȥͷҶʵ󣬵ֲµʥؿռ䡣
ʥؿռߣߺޱȣʥؿռ䣬Ҷ컹ΪԼ˱ɽһ
ɾһĿຮ֮أȴûмһ˿ռ紺һ㣬ոսбо켫ˡ
橣ѩϴ
Ҷ͸СħŮǼ£СħŮ֮ΪѩϣҪ˵СħŮҶʵҲЩֵסĺ塣
û˿ĳɣСħŮҲ֪ԼּＸԿȥѩ´ԼϣʱɫЩֵָǰ쿴
˳ָķҶ˿ȥǰʱ˵ɫ쳣ΪǰľȻһʬ
ܹǰʬϸܵһɿֲϢɿֲϢѾȫ˵ǰʬһ
ʲô
֮ڣΪܹﵽ֮ľҲָģǵǰʬȻһߺΪǿ֮һ
½˶֪֮ڣΪǿ壬צ֮⣬ʣµıǺһ壬ϸĵһǿȴʲôһ壬צһ塣
ɲ֪Ϊʲô廹צһ壬ĳ֮£צһǿ߾ʧ٣ֻһЩ档
Ӵ֮󣬺һΪǿ壬峤ҲʱƣһҲΪʵĵһǿ塣
ǰĺʬ壬ҶĸдΪӴΪʥȻʱ䲻Ⱥǿ壬һצһ塣
˵ʲôʵҶټצһ䣬һɻǾ˥ǲʥйء
Դצһǿʧ֮ʵҲĳѾ֮ǰǰǿûа취忪ʼĮ֮С
΢΢һ̾СҿԼ˲ָʲô
һѲҲΪǬ
֮еһ仰ҶһΪһ̣ѾȷʵĳǬȿ¾֡
տʼǶΪһɽȣǵ˴˴ſвûʲôֻȽϺһЩˡ
橣мϣӦҡ
ҶһأСħŮҲûǰǰ֣صĵ˵ͷ˵˵ɣֻҪܹģһӦ㡣
Ҳϣ£ȴΣİȫϣܹҵһռ֮ڣô
ԴӶɹԼĽ٣Ϊﵽһǽ֮Ҷ쾪ϲķһ⣬ǾԼĵռȻԽˡ
ҵռҲ˽Ȼ滹ûκεװΣֻҪ뵤ռ䣬Ҳ޷롣
ռҶһ²κ˵𣬱ϾôһĴڣ֪ˣܹõպӻô¶ɹ
Ҷ컹֪һ£ԼĵռԼΪϽһգĵռԳɳΪһ磬ô֮£ֻںˣΡ
ҪԼĵռɳǸ߶̸ףϾڵΪֻǸոմﵽһǽʣʵ۷廹ԶһΪҲܹﵽ֮ϣô˵ռҲɳǸ߶ȡ


726 ֮
ղСħŮӦҶֽСħŮΣȻǿнͽ˵ռڡ
Ҷľٶûж˵ʲôΪǶҶһẦԼá
ǽô죿
֪
ʻҶܸɴĻشô˵Ҳǵһνʥؿռ䣬ָֻһ֪
ҶȴǿٵʬǰԼ֣İͷ֮ϣһĺɫĹâӴʼ뵽Ҷڡ
Դ֪˵֮˺õĻҶ׷ǰʬһֻ
ô˵ʬѾ֪˶ˣ֮Ҳֻǰʮ֮ˣҶ˵ҲһƷ
ûй˼ߵˣԴ׼ľƼֵ֮ҶѾ֮ҲƼֵܡ
Ҷʬ֮Ƽֵܵ϶һǿҵ֮ɫΪ½֮ϻûгֹ֮ˡ
磬Ҷ֮
ƺԼ۾һ㣬ȷʵϾǰһмֱ̫ˣΪʥص꣬ΪﵽʥǿҲš
Ҳ֪֮ƺֻеʿԣǵѾĴѹѵ
Ȼûн˵꣬е˼Բ½֮ϣֻܹ֮ʣ֮һ˿ߵ֮
ΪҶпʵĴˣΪʲôҶߵ֮
磬ҶʵĴˣ֮֮ء
ֵ֮Уʵֱ̫ˣĴֽ֮ѹĵزҶʵĴˣôֵţʱ˶Ⱥ֮
ҡҡͷص˵Σ֪ɣٲ֪𣿡
İɶ磬Ҳ˵ȥġ
ֵܶ˵˫ٴͶǰ꣬ʱ֮Ҷֹͣʬ֮ƺһֶ״̬
Ȼֻʬ֮ʮ֮ʵεȿֲͬȼǿߣԿնɱһ
ٴλ˰ʱҶŽ֮ӦɾҶҪ֮ôҲʮҵʱ䡣
ˣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ֪ƼֵܾԿʲôϾܹ֮Ĺʵڹ죬ڱߵٶȿϺüֱڵȡ˵Ͷɹ
Ҷ죬֣صһ⣬ϣʵشҡ
ʰɡ
ʵĹ
ǡ
ҶĻиһϾֻҪʵĹô޴ֻö벻ǣҶĹǴӺζѧ˵ҶĹԴģǶš
ȷʵĹ֮еõġ
˻ոշɵٴɫһ䣬ȻڣҶĹϾʵģڵĸû
Ϊʱû˻Ҷ죬ص˵Ҷ죬Ҫһ£֮еõ˾ûһ˻㣬ʱĹֻҪ֪ôҿԿ϶һ£˾Բ㡣
˵Ҷ᲻֪ô죬Ѳô˶ս
ֻҪһҶɫƼֵܾѾŲ³Ҷе뷨΢΢һ̾һ룬ǵõĹҲһ׷
Ҷ죬֪룬һҪȰ㣬ӵ鲻Ҫκ˵ҲҪ𣿡
лλ磬Ҳ׸ˣǻǾҵȵڡ
ƼֵܶҲûжʲôϾһж˼ҵ飬ô˵ҶСħŮûгףǵĹϵҲֻѹϵ
νʥؿռ䣬ҪΪʵĳǬƼֵҲûжȰҶڿռѰȵڡ
ûж೤ʱ䣬ҶƼֵܶ˱еһ˿˿壬д󾪣Ͼ˵ΪѾﵽ֮Ƽֵܶ˵ΪǴﵽʥ֮ȴ޷ֵ塣
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Ѱռ䣬Ҳûܹҵȵڴʲôط
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ȻѾЩͷϾʱĲƣ˵ٶҲԽԽ죬ٶȥò˶ã˱Ҫ׽ˡ
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Դ½ϵĺܶߣ㵽ҲԸǩԼǲ룬ʵҲһֻǿޣһֻԼʵµǩԼǻ粻ǩء
Ҷ֮ƼֵûаޣҲǲµģĻɻʵҪʲô
˻ҶһΪе˼Լİޣʵ뿴
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˵ҶҲˣҶ쿴ǰͷʱƺЩΪϣȻһ˿Цݡ
ЦҶ쵱ȻΪչֳЦݣǼԺЩŮʱ¶Цݡ
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Ҷܹλʥүе޾ԲǷƷϾһֻ޻ʻ޷һʥүС
СԳΪʣκǿߡ
˵ԼСߺ䲻˵ʲôʱˣֻ˼ҵԺɶɱȽˣǵġ
ԺɶɱȽˣʲô˻Ҷ쿴Ҳ仯һֱġ
ѾģˣȻԺɶɱȽǿҶеҶ죬ƽʱΪġ
ƽʱҲ˵ᡭ
ҶĻȻû˵꣬е˼ȴԲˣո˵ڣʶԼ˵˻˵ĻóȥˮҪջؾͺˡ
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ȻҿԺ޿ŵĸ㣬ʵҺһǧ֮ڲκޣֻҪŵضڰʱҲ⡣
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ҶֻԶһͷһܲŵĹӣһɹɵĻɫҺݺݵײŵ棬һӲһӣаס
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ƺûĻһ㣬СȻţ֪׵ȫװҺʱͷʲĶ¼£¶ޱˬͣ
Ҷ컹ûüСĻɫҶ죬ŵһɾζֱӳ𣬳˷ӿ֮˶ܣʵжôǿ󣬾ҶĶҲһӶѱӴܶȥ


728 ֻǸ˵
뿪Ӱ֮⣬Ҷ컹ܹŵһɹɶҪǿ˵ˡ
ģǶ˵ζѬ죬ʵֱȺ򶼻ҪǿҶɣǷǰ
Ҷ죬ôСҺ
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ɫƺ̫ÿΪʲôطãϲŪޣֻ޵ļƫƫʥ֮ڣһһ޵ֱʥҪ
ԼҫһϾĻƺܼɵһ㣬ڼ䲻ԸٻС
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뵽ոСϵ֮飬֪ôģҶ챳Ȼ쬵Ĵ̱Уʲô޾ʲôˡ
뵽ҶһޱȳݵǰΪҶ쿴ȻСÿԼڣôΪ˵˵ѽԼڡ
û˽Ҷ֮е˼Ҷ쿴Լ˾壬ΪڳԼһֻǿޱȵޡ
Ҷ죬㲻Ҫݸ磬ʵֻǸ˵뿪ʥؿռ䣬ʱҲŪһֻС֤£½
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磬ҶǲǶʼˣҪȻΪʲôҪ뿪
ԼܵܵĻҪȥ鼸ӵĳ嶯ص̾ϢһεһǼŲҰ

Ҳ֪ԼĶΪʲôԼûзϣﻹŵȵ뿪ʥؿռ֮βܹԼ÷ҲһСޡ
˻̫ССҺûаʱֻʮҵʱ䣬˷ʼһֻֻޡ
ոտʼֻһЩ֮ģԺ޵ֱۣһʱ󣬿ʼ½һЩ棬мֻ޻ʡ
һʱѣȴżֻֻһЩͨҲͰˣҪ֪޶ôĴڡ
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ûлش⣬Ҷȴʵ㲻˵СҺ񶼿ΪʲôһֻʥӰӶûм
ҵĴֵܣ֪ʲôǿɲ˵ģҪپж٣СҺҪʱ䷢ͣʱԽãСҺԽҪʥޣͱȱסСҺ
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׵ĵ˵ͷҶףСҺͺһ㣬ƵʱԽƵζԽζСҺͬˣʱԽζԽãԽЩǿ޶Ҷ֪ûе񣬿µʱСҺҪЩʴˡ


729 Ϊһ
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ɲ뻹ûʥޣСҺͱЩʴϣʥػܵ޴һʱ֮Ҳ
ٴι˰ʱһЩ޻ֻʥʼ˵֮УһɹɿֲϢֱռ䡣
ɫЩأȻ˵Ϊﵽʥ֮ȴֻǸոմﵽһʥ֮ʥֻܱܶԶ֮
Ҷ죬ǲǸóˣ
һ̣ƼֵܶﶼһЩ⣬ǶֻνʵǲֵãϾνʥؿռ䣬ǵĿĻûдﵽ
ĵ˵ͷҶԶϴĿֲϢֹ֪֮ǰޣȴ޷ֹڵޡ
΢΢һ̾ȻѾһЩüĿСҺܹһֻĻô͸ˡ
ҶҲһˮˣ֪е£ԲװȻҪȽ΢ˡ
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˻Ƽֵܿȥ˵Ӱոʧϰֻʵȵ޷СµҺӡ
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֮Уȼ쳣ɭϣ˵һһ޵֮䣬˼ۻ볼һ㣬֮ĵλͲ˵˭Ҳ֪
Ŀǰʳްʮ޻֮ڣȴûһ޸Ҷһ֣׵ʥռݡ
ܿ죬׵ʥָϣȴʥ뿪֮ʮ޻ʲЩԹ߽֮ڣʼʥµ
ȵʮ޻֮ʣµֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀʳ꣬ȴΪΪĹ
Ҷ˸ûй޷ʳС򣬶ǸѾ뿪ʥһ·֮ϲƼֵܶʣҶֻͷʥһ仰Ҳûж˵
ƼֱֵܼƼˣǰձֻʵǶ˶ҪҶ࣬ȴֱʾ֮оȻҶռλ
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ֱһֻëʨӣһֻë𼦣һֻë¿ʥһʾĶǱ壬ϾٶҪࡣ
Լʱʱ䣬Ҷʥһյ֮ϣҿ˿ֱȷûиǵͬʱʥȻ󺺣˫ָ԰ڶԷļ֮ϣɿֲһֱ档
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ΪҶ췢֣ŵ⣬ʥӰʧӵſռ˲ƼܣҪʥֱܡ
һֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ѾһĿռ֮ڣʲôҶѾ֪ռֻ
ȣֻһ˲䣬ҶѾȷĵطʥؿռ׵֮һȣֻû뵽ȾȻʥؿռĵص֮£ʥ·һ޷ҵȵ֮
Ҿ֪ȵڣʥشͨȵڣҲܽȣһҶԤ֮С
ֱһ̣Ƽֵܶ˲֪ҶһУռֻ𣬾ɵҲһС
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ʥؿռһ׵أȻֻ֣֮һһ׵ػǬôһ׵أضǿء
ҶȻû˵꣬ǽ˼ѾףҶСҺޣȻΪǿıϣȵػߡ
ﶼҶķδЧϾػߣҲһΪһȡ
ʵҶҲڶģֻҶȽϺðˣʥȻΪȵػ棬һ¾Բ뿪ȣ˻ССҺСҺܱߵޣһȵʥҲ˳ʥɹҵȵλòС


730 ޳
ʥ㳹׵ʧȥټ
ҶҲûȥѰʥټϾһѾȣҲҪʥ·ˡ
ֻ֮һһռ䣬ڴôٶȾԿԴﵽһ߶ȡ
˻֮Уÿ϶˾裬ô˵ﶼʥؿռ׵֮һǬȵĻô˼ֱԿ϶һǵΣ
֮ѾһرŨصĿռ֮ڣռֻһԶȥȸߡ
վڴ֮£һСĸоƺһؼֻǰĴһ㣬˴֮
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ǰĴһпΪ翻øүʲôû翵˵ҲԿһ漣
翵ǰĴȽֱһһʯȣԾƼֵܶˣڿǰĴҲʱ겻ѡ
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Ҷʥص߽ʥؿռ֮ڣҲҵĳǬ
ΪǬ֮ڣܹڵޣûпռ˲ƼܵĻ߲ǿߵĻôܽڡ
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һ̣ҶһʣǾʥصλڣȻԼĳʥؿռڣΪʲôҪϾʥصߵõǬ
Ͼʥؿռ䲻֮ϵ߽룬Ҳٷ֮ٵĶϾʥصõǬϣ浽ʲôı
֪ΪʲôҶ쿴ǰǬȻһֽȦ׵ĸо
ƼֵܶҲɵӣտʼǰĴ𺳣ɹûã˿ǰĴʹ֮ǰ𺳽תΪ̰ϲ
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֪ôǬǶҪߡ
ǰƼֵܣҶƲѣƺܹǬĹͣô˵ҲӦܲܵõǬ
ƺܹµеƣͷϺٺЦ˵Ҷ죬֪㲻ںһĶ԰ɣȻǬֵܶ˾ͲˣлʱСûǡ
ĻҶ㱻Σ޳ܵģȴûм޳ܵģ˵µһ޳ҲΪ
ʲôԼںһϴǿǳΪʲô½֮Ҳм
ԴӳҶһż֮⣬ڶǰǬһһµĳ
⻹޳ܵģ޳ܵǣȻԼõͷ׼ռԼòҵǬ
ҶûȥΪǰ޳ܵ˽Ǻţ̸һ㣬òţ̸ء
Լ׼÷˵ƺЭǵĽ飬Ƽֵܶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲΪѾܹõǶ˵õǬϾǬ翻øôӴ֮翻øһԳΪʥ֮ס
Խ˾ԼѾõǬһ㣬ңƪɾʱ򣬴֮ںȻǿϢֱӳֶ
д󾪣ҶһʱѾ֪Ӵ֮ڱǿϢٷ֮پǸոǽȵʥ
û˿ĳɣҲƼֵӦҶֱһһչռ˲Ƽʧԭء
˸ոʧ󺺱Ӵ֮ڳ˳ÿһ϶д뾯裬Ϊȴûнһˡ
磬Ľ˰ɰ
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費Ҫ֪ͨǡ
ҪڻȷǷĽȣûеĻóȻǣʱǾ鷳ˡ
һ뵽λϣ󺺵ϱ¶һ˿֮飬ֳȥһգ۵ʱ䣬󺺱㳹׵ʧڴ֮⡣
󺺸ոʧҶٴγڴ֮⣬ƼֵЩ𺳵Ŀǰ꣬ȲʵҶ죬ոʩչǿռ˲ͨ


731 Ƹ
ĵ˵ͷƼֵܣҶû˿
տʼƼֵֻܶǲ²ˣôռ˲ͨʲô˼Ƕˡ
֪Ϊﵽ֮֮˿ռ֮Ҳӵпռ˲ͨǴ½ϵһʶ
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һ߾Ȼſռ˲ͨΪﵽһľ磬ôʱҶҪɱǣǲƵ
Ҷ첻СħŮĹϵѾȷһƼֵܾԻԥĳֽ
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ƼֵܶǰĴʥڵĳǬ߻˵һȥʲôвǺá
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ƼֵܼɵǰĴҶֺγɵǲô˵νʥؿռ䣬ҪĿľΪǰĴҪȻҲʥؿռ䡣
ƺ˵ʲôȴֹûа׳ԵͣҪõǬֲ£ⱾǾһ̫ܵ顣
˻ǰĴȥո̤ż˼Ĵһƺ߻Ҫ伸
ÿֲɭ֮ǿ޷а벽
˵ɫѾѿ˼㣬ΪǰʥصһǬƾǵʵ޷а벽
ΪֻҪǽ벽֮ڵɭ֮˲ԽǶ˻ɱһ˿ضûС
ʥɱɭ֮Ҷȴû˿谭о֮壬оһӲɭ֮б˽
ҶȴûнԼɭ֮ߵˣΪҶҲһ˿֮ģϾ˭Ҳõһ
֮һʵĳСħŮ磬ɲô˵ʼնʥˣǬʥһ˿ܣƼֵܶҲƲὫǬø
ȻˣôֻжԲƼֵˣ˵һλԲˣҶ˵λ磬Ƚȥȴϸ֮ٻλر
Ҷ˼Ƽֵܶ᲻֪ҶҪǬֱһ£ֹܹһ£ھԼֻϣҪԽһͷһܵ顣
ֻһ̾䲻Ը˵Ҷ죬֮һҪСģΪԼҲһҪΪ롣
ûеҶ˵Ȼ˵ܹõǬסһһݣ𣿡
ĻҶһߣʲôʲôҵõǬͷһݣǬֻһôǣѲɽǬһΪ
ƺûʶԼ˵˵Ҷ죬õǬĻô͵ӭȢ橵Ƹˣ㿴Σ
䣬ҶûٸԼĻλָ˵ʲôô̶һᣬԼһѾȥˡ
ԼټĻ˵ʱԼҲ˵Ҷֱչռ˲Ƽʧԭء
磬һĵõǬĻô죿
Ҷոʧɫһ䣬ӸղŵһһŨ֮ɫҶڴˣһᾪ֮ǰֱˡ
ô죬ҽԶܽǬ֮ڣû뵽ʱǧȻֳˣ֪ڵ硭
ĻȻû˵꣬ǻеɭ֮ȴ¶ţȴ˵λڶԼʲôʱʥضԽҶҵ˳ֻ֣Ҫǳ֣սѲˣ˴Ҳǳ²ࡣ
ܣǧ򲻿©һ˿䲻С֪սȻǧǰѾ䣬ȴû뵽ȻתɹȻʥأôǾͲ֡
һҶõǬø֪Ǵǲɡ
׼Ȼ֪ҶǵսתȻʥؿռ䣬˵Ѿ뵽ҶпܵõǬȻͲǵˡ
Ļɫʱһϲ¾ҶһĵõǬֲǿгᣬôʱҪꡣ


732 Ǭ
Ǭ֮Ҷڷ֣ڵϢжôĿֲ;оһѺʬͷˡ
ǬȻֻȴҪӿֲƼֵܶ˵ʵֻҪһ¾ͻ촦
߿Ѿܺΰˣǵ˴ߣҶ֪жôΪվڴڣȻ޷ˡ
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ʱ򣬴ܺȻһϵҶɫ˲䣬Ϊܹ֮иܵ˵Ĵʵжôǿ
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ƺһͣƺֻһӣҶһռʱСһգ۵ʱ䣬ˣȻ޴ޱȡ
ռڿһҶǰȴȻӰһߣüëǣһ󺺣д˲ɣʣһٸ޵Ͼ֮ɫ
Ǭĳϡ
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ҶţʥʥֻҪǰ˲Ը⣬ôʥֶδܹóѡ
Ȼ֪ĽΣҶ컹ǿ˵ǻĵ۹ƳǵҶ죬óȻǬλǰ¡
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ҶҲû˿ĵǣȻʵλĶֱ֣Ӷ뵽ռڣôǰλ񣬿Ҳû˿İ취
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ǬʲôǿǴ½֮һʵĳʥصĵһʥû˲õǬġ
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ʲôֻҪ΢ɵˣΪһŲԾĵطҶһʱûӦ
ƺܹеɻҲ˵֪ɵʲôҲֱӸ㣬֮¹˭ֻҪܹȲҽǬôһǬˡ
Ȼ߽ˣҶȻûȫţٴλشλȽ˵ԣһӦ
ҲنֱӻشǿԽǬ㣬ӦǣΪﵽ֮ʱһҪ뿪Σ
Ҷ챻ǰλŪЩ£ʲôطǳǬڲǰ˭Ǭλ
ȻҪԼԼʵﵽ֮ʱͷ뿪Ǭ˵ʲô
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ뵽ǰλɳǬˣǿйѺǬ
ʵҶȫ¶ˣǰλȷǬǿߣǵѹֻˡ
λҲ֪ˣôһᣬ׷
ȻޱȣҶȴûҴɲλֻҪԼİΣУڵȵΪﵽ֮ǬͷųͲһ⡣
ҶֻõǬΪĴﵽ֮һ̣ǰˣǻʵΡ
ֱ˿̣ҶҲûκιǣֱӿ˵ҴӦǣȴиССҪ󣬻λӦ
˵ɡ
ǰʹӦԼˣҲʱƵ˵Ҷ쿴˿˷Ż˵Ҳñ֪ҵõǬԻλæ
ôһ°İɣϡ˵֮ߴһӣֻǬƾʧҶС


733 
ǬʧˣһٵǬȴҲ֣֮Ҷв֪ԭ򣬿ҲΪԼڵĴǸոǬ
еСҶû˿ĳɣγһαѪǬڣǳֻнԼıѪİ
űѪȫ뵽ǬڣǬҲʧҶ֮Уص˵֮ڣڵİ֮С
õǬҶҲûм£ٵǬ֮⣬ɫЩɬ˵ա
գ
˻϶һ䣬ȻǶ˵ΪԴﵽʥ֮ڣȴû˿ġ
ûжʲôæ˵ǸϿ뿪Ǭɡ
ĵ˵ͷҶһϲȲƼֵַô˵Ƽֵܶ˶СħŮĸ磬νɮ濴棬ֱõǬ
ܹ֪뿪ȣʥûһ˵֪õǬõĽҶ֮Ƽֵܿ뿪
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֪뿪ȣʥҲûٳֹվԭȵλϣ˵νʥؿռûа
Ҷܹе˼ʥܹʮ߽ʥؿռ䣬ҪΪʥǬ
ʥʼնûѰҵǬ뵽ǬпȻֻ֮Уȴûһܹҵ׵ء
ȴһˣȻνûеõǬƼֵȴǾϲޱȣΪһʥؿռ俪ǾͿֱӽǬˡ
뿪ʥؿռ𣿡
˿ܣеֻһ˿ɣϾҵȣҲ֪Ǭ䣬ֻҪʮ֮翻øʮ˵õǬôӴ֮翻øԿԳΪʥ֮ס
ûлشĻתͷǰĺ֪꣬ΪʲôǸоǰЩԾԾ˵
Ҷ죬㿴أ
ʥؿռرջһʱ䣬Ȼǲȥֻֿ߽һʥص뿪Ҳ١
ҶȻµĳǬô׵֮һֻҲһű
Ҿ㲻Ϊֻ֣ҲҪʶһʥصߣȻѾնɱ˾ɹλʥһʥأʥûм
ҶλĴүַ˵Ҳʥؿռ䣬ĻλĴү
һһ£ҶһֱϣǾǵ죬Ϊʥؿռ֮ԵʵԼ츳Բʥؿռ˺õĻᡣ
Ҷȴ֪ʥؿռƾʥؿռǿһͻʥԲ֮ﵽһ֮
ҶΪһʥؿռ䣬ȻھɹĶ֮ڣôһ
˵ͷƺҲ뿪ʥؿռ䣬˵ȻǾͼԸʥص˰ɣֻ֣ҿǲҪȥˡ
ʲôЦѾ֪ǬȣǵȻֻˣֻ֪ʲôһʲô飬˭˵ȥ
ƼֵܲԸֻ֣ɲҶҲ룬ȻѾʥؿռ䣬һҵǬôʣµֻ֣˵ʲôҲҪһ
Ҷ˼Ƽֵܶ᲻֪˭ҲûڣôǶѾ˵ʲôҲֻ֡
ʵﻹϣҶֻأһҶֻи̣ôǵ⣬ҲӺ翻ø⣬Ӷʥص⡣
ʼգҶҲ֪ƼֵܶʲôϾڵûѣЩ֪
λ磬ȻǾʹ˷ֿɣȥֻһ̽
˸־Ҳ㣬СȴͬУҲ£ֻôһã˵ʲôҲСó¡
ʵ˵ҶҲû׼СħŮһֻ֣ʲôʱ˶ӦվŮǰ
ȻСħŮѾΪŮˣҶ쵱ȻСħŮκε飬һвֻ֣ҶҲһ֪СħŮĻû˿ĸСħŮȫ
ȻԼ˰ȫôͲҪԼȥðգҶӵռͷųСħŮֱչռ˲ƼʧԭأΪСħŮ֪£ǸɵѾͷһԼȥֻ֣СħŮûзԼ֮ǰ뿪Աһ


734 
ֻ˵ĴڣһһϣҶʹȫٳֻȥ
һ·ϣҶʶɨܣʮߵĻʮַǵĻô˵ֱһٺòˡ
ܹʥؿռڽַ壬ô㵽ʱ뿪ʥأ˭ҲỳʲôϾǧʥؿռ̫ˡ
Ҳ컯ŪˣûҶˣͨˣħţͨã󰵵ħţû׷ǣֱ׷翻øˡ
Ϊˣ翻øʥҲ֪ھɹˣҶʵ᲻һȤ
֮ǰʥҶ˵һ谭ԴΪͻƽ֮ʥҶ˵Ҳʲô顣
㲻ȥҲ㣬ò˵һЩǼƦӣǵҵġ
ǸҶɣԩ·խ
ʥؽʥؿռҪΪ˳ǬҶ֮󣬾ɹʮʥѾԣϧһд۶ҪնɱҶ졣
ԭܼ򵥣һʾȻֵܹסʥ֮˵ʲôǲ翻øһλɳ
Ϊˣͨ˻֪ԼһʥѾ䣬һ·֮ϳѰҶ֮⣬ѰԼһˡ
ЩЦҶ컹ЩŨصģȻڲʥɲܹһ֮սʥеͨΪǴﵽʥԲ
֪ɹ˵ȥ·кιɣ
ԼɹûʲôޣԲ򲻵ѵʱԸɹ˽ս
ʶСɣ
С壿
ǰͨĻҶеһɻΪļ֮УûһС˻߶
¶һ˿Цͨ˵㲻ʶС壬᲻ʶʰ쵼ɣ
ʰ쵼Ҷ᲻ʶʥ֮ͨ⣬ʰ쵼׼ԸҪҪʥؿռ䣬˵ʱԼѱֻɱ
Ȼɱ֮ˣΪͬʰ쵼Ҳضֻ֮Ҷû뵽ʰ쵼ȥ˾ɹ
ôòҲ֪һʥأѡһʥؽѡ翻øڵʰ쵼ȴ֪ȥһʥء
ڴ֪ͨʰ쵼Ȼȥʥ֮һľɹôʣʥ֮һˡ
ôҲ˵жҶеЩɻǣʰ쵼һģʰ쵼Ҳò˶Լİɡ
뵽ҶѾɱ⣬ΣȻ˶ģôʱҲĺ
ͨĻҶҲ֪һ£Ǿɹԣʰ쵼ȻѾȥ˾ɹôɹҲû˿
뵽Ҷֱչռ˲ƼʧԭأھɹʥǰϢʧˡ
أ
۾ɵıţ۶λɹĻһ֮иûм˹飬һССֱһֻ޼
ʱǴûںһʣΪʥ֮ڣһĲʲôɾһʾȻϢʧˣ˾Ȼûһ˷뿪ġ
һ֮ʣͨһдʲôҲһ̣ͨҪɱɱԽǿ
ʦ֣ʹͨƺǡ
֮УһЩСȥͷȻ˵ǻ˵һӲ˻ȥ˵ƺֹ
ƺʲôͨʦܣⶼʲôʱˣͱˡ
еһͨûһļԼʦܾȻӣҪԼʦƨɵĳ嶯
ʦ֣˵һͨΪռ˲ơ
ڵĿռ˲ͨ
ûеͷѻ˵꣬ͨɫ˲䣬Ϊļǵãʥһͨǿռ˲ͨƾſռ˲֮ͨУʾԿŽǰ
ΪΪﵽֵزǴﵽ֮Ҳӵſռ˲ͨ½Ͽ˵ӵſռ˲֮ͨ⣬޵ڶ˻ӵдͨ
֪ͨҶ첻ӵڵĿռ˲ͨϾʲôʱˣʲôʱˡ
ƺܹеɻСͷ˵ʦ֣֪룬¿ɴСʦֻ֪ʦһ䣬ڲɱ
ΪΣ
ͨû֮еıŭΪǼʦֵһʦģȻƽʱ֮ҲĦɲô˵ʥڣǼ˻Ǳһŵġ
ʦ֣Ҳ֪Դ뿪ʥ֮ʥȻϻµʥأﶼʥ֮⣬طʥطȥò˶ãʥƺ
ͨʦܣעԴǡ
Сͷ˵ͨ᲻֪ʥΣϾѾʥô꣬ʥǱ˴Ҳʥһңֻʥڲ֪Դ뿪ʥ֮ʥؾͿʼڧôʥضΪ˸ʥ֮ײභȥ²طʥҲͻȡˡ
ʦ֣ղʧˣɴ˾Ȼӵſռ˲ͨʦŲţʵˣռ˲ֻͨһӵУ¿޵ڶ˻ᣬţ˼Ȼӵſռ˲ͨôŴڶйϸ𣬼ȻˣͲ
ĵ˵ͷͨһԸţǸԼʦ˵һ㶼û˼Ȼӵſռ˲ͨôҲʹŴڶйϵ
ͨǿռ˲ͨڣʥضζʲôڵϢôʥصڧֹܹͣӴ֮󣬿Ҳûһ˻ߵطʥصĶ֡
ͨʦ˵ĺܶԣ˹ϵش󣬾ԲκεʧΣǶץסˣؾɹʥ˼
˵Ȼκε⣬νʥؿռ䣬ͨӣʮʥ֮УͨʵǿϾҲµҪԡ
ǵҪʱȴķ֣ǵʵҲ޷ҵ꣬Ǻͷǧһ̫ܵ顣
ʵҶû뿪ǶԼĵռڣ˵ĶԻԱߵߣүү½ʵʵеģ
Ҷǰ֪½һֱΪǿߵʵ֣Ȼ֮ܵиʵߵְ֮ɣҲ֪񺣵ڣҲڵܹ֮ŵڼ


735 ɽ
ԴӱԼӾȳ֮ҶԾһֱҶĵռڡ
ԴΪͻƵ֮ҶĵռѾܹɹפ֮Եһʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ԼүүŽ˵ռڡ
½ӹһʣֱʵ֣ǽ񺣵ڵһ
ԼүүĻҶû˿ľȣΪ뵽ӵ飬ľڣʵǵһ̫ûˡ
үүڵʲô
ʵҶһֱƣΪȥ˽񺣣֪ԼھȻ֮һΪֹȻԼ䶼֪
ҶҲЩߣҲʵû뵽ԼӾȻԼ䶼֪ʲô顣
ʣֱǽ񺣵Ľɱʣʥصʣ֮ʣʺħĶħʣ˲ʡ
ĵ˵ͷʣҶһ׼ȷ˽⣬˵ʶЩϵ
Լڲ˵ʵĳǬԼֻʣħʡ
үүΪʲôҪ뿪½
ΪˣҶҲ޷һ飬ȻѾĴڣΪʲôҪ뿪ȥѰʲôߵʵ
ʵҶûдﵽǸΣԸһߵĹ¶ʱ޿õʵվ۷ʱͻ֣ᷢԼǶôĶ£ΪҲûĶ֡
һվ۷壬ҲҲһȥѰҸߵĲΣǿ߼į޵ǿ߾͸Ӽį
үүǷ˵죿
Ҷո˵֣ҶԵɫ˲һ䣬Щеʵô֪ģ
ԼүүҶû˿ڿһУһһʮȫ˳оͰɽ졣
ҶԽɫԽ𾪣ɽ죬ҶԵɫѾ𺳵˼㣬λȻǿҵĲ
Ϊʲô˼ˣԼھΪѰ뿪˴½뿪˽񺣡
ֻλ޷׵ģΪʲôڻʾ죬һиصɽһеһʵ̫ˡ
ȷԼ֪䣿ȷĵ˵ͷڵʾһУҶ񻹼¡
ԼĴ֮뿪½Ϊ죬˵죬ſطʴڶ뿪˴½ȥѰ졣
үү˼ʸ֪䣿
˵ͷҶûлع˵Ҳ֪ôһϢʶû˵ȫ뿪˴½ҵûУүүҲ֪
үү˵Ĵѹ𣿡
ҶЩɻΪϵߵ꣬Ļ̻̣Ĵֽѹ
ѾѹΪʲôĴһ뿪½ǰ졣
ʱѹɵĴ׼뿪½ʱ򣬷뿪½֮һʽ⿪ӡô֮󣬾Ҳûһܹסˡ
ʾ⿪ʵķӡȻһ뿪˴½ǰ졣
˵ЩҶԼ˵ȻѾõ䣬ô
Ҵ뿪ʥ֮ȥɽѣȻһ˽񺣣ȵΪﵽ֮󣬾̳졣
ҶѾΣҪԼүүؽ񺣣Ȼǰ죬֪ΪʲôָоҪ
ôүүܣүүֻһ£ҪСģʥأүүҪһ¡
жʱһҶ켱æشүү˵
ڱӣԴ뿪֮һӱ˽񺣣ԴɽΪ˹ʦֵףҶڵλӾͰֻҪɽԸ񺣣ô񺣾ͲܶԸɽ
үү˼ǣ
ʵҶѾܹ³һЩɽȻ˽񺣣ɲô˵ɽĹﻹڽ񺣣һܣүүһһδܹܡ
пܣүү˵пܣϣܹɽ𣬱ҽͳ
û˿ԥҶӦүү˵ʵﵽǸزʱҲֽɽ


736 ´
ҶһԼүүۣһ߻ʱʱ̿עŵ֮ʥ
ɹΪѣɾɹȴ뾡취أֱ̡
а𣿡
ԼӣҶҲˣһ˿ӵĴ飬һȫˣҶʵԳۡ
үүһʥĽɱʥ֣ʵԶԿ
ԼӵĻҶԻ̲סһȣΪҶΪֻոմﵽһǽ֮ʥ֮źܴĲ࣬˵֮
Ϊﵽ֮ӵеֻ֮Ϊﵽʥ֮ȴѾܹ֮֮ǰ졣
ԼӣΪֻǸոմﵽһǽ֮ȴܹһʥɱôʥ˵ʲô˵ԼԽ֮ʥ֮
ѵĴĹϵ
ҶԵһʱܹ뵽ģΪ񺣳ھѹ֮⣬ûһܹͬʱϵĽ顣
ԼӾȻһͬʱĴ飬˵ʵڵģֱҶҲ֪ǺǻϾûгֹ
ҪȻүү㣬Ȼʵûдﵽ۷֮ɶԷʥСӻǴ´ġ
ҶԵ걻ʥ͵Ϯֻ״̬ȻѾҶ˳Ȼ״̬
ҶԵʵֻǵ۷֮ңҪ˵ҲδܹԸϼʥҶԻǺĵġ
ҶҲȻԼүүѾʵҪɱʥǴ´ġ
ҶԼүүæ
үүҲʵԾʥҲԳ֡
˻ҶԵɫ¶һ˿ͣԼܹ룬ҲϣģҶ뿪ռ䣬ʥǰ
ûж˵һ䣬ΪҶ֪ǰʥѾ֮أľ档
ֱͷųսʥܣʥܵʵȫﵽʥ۷壬һǲ֮ʥҲԲԿ
ɱ˰ʥһ߸˶ħ֮⣬ʥûãҶѾȵʱ䣬һὫʥʬƳ
ɹʥؿռʮʥͨΪﵽʥԲ֮⣬˵ΪԶûдﵽʥԲ֮
Ҷͷųʥܣȫ赲ʥʣµֻͨһ˶ѣҶʵһʥԲЩյġ
ս컹ֻһʣȴܹһ֮ս˴ʥȻ˴ʥ֮Уûһ˵ΪﵽʥԲ֮һ֮սˣʵǺֲܿġ
ȻҶ컹ûѣΪȴʵʵĴﵽһǽ֮뵱սҲֻһ߶ѣԶһʥԲеһս
ʥֱʥʥԲʵӲ֮ɱʥֻʱѰˡ
㵽Ǻˣ
ʵΪʥ֮һӵſռ˲ͨھȻͷųʥԲǿߣ²ǰ겻ͨˣôʥҲ̫׳ˡ
Ǻ˲Ҫֻ㣬ʰ쵼ʲôط
Դʰ쵼ҪԸʱ򣬶ҾȻרͨʥؿռԸҶѾȵ뿪ʥؿռ䣬һҪ뾡취ʰ쵼
˭Ҳһʱʱ̵̿˴ҵˣһʵޱǿĴڡ
ȻҲ֪С֮ʲôԹҿԸһ£ʵСǰͺһֻϰˡ
ͨĻҶһΪ֮ͨѾһЩͨ˵Сºܼܿ
˵֮ͨһವһ˳ȥֲ֮˲˷Բ׵ĵط¾ֻ϶Ӳȥ
ҶʲôˣȻΪֻǸոմﵽһǽֱ֮ӿӵ֮ɾҶҲû˿Ĵ⣬ô˵ͨһʵӴԲǿߡ
ȡħӡֱӳͨݺݵȥΪĲҶԽԽ֣ħӡԽɲ⣬һǽʵʵҲܹħӡ
ȻʹħӡͨҲʱһóѾֻӲͷƤӲҶħӡ
ЦһħӡĴ񽣣εֵոʹħӡҶٴʹĴ˲ܲľ


737 ֻز
Ҷ񽣻ʵʵʹħӡŶ֮ơ
һ죬ͨħӡһܵĽӴȻֵסħӡͨҲһ˿ˡ
ȻͨҶ죬˵ףҶﶼֻһʣϵĿռ˲֮ͨ⣬ʵͨЩҶġ
ҪȻͨһҲֶɾλʥȴѾעһıˡ
ħӡҶľԴҶõĴ񽣣ѧľ֮ڽڵ֮ᱻľա
ϵ֮һ̵ľѾ֮Ŀֲһ㣬ҶʵҲǺġ
ûеͨӱħӡзӦҶľҲˣĴ󽣵˲ֱӽͨС
û˿ͨŴ⣬Ǳħӡһֲľӵĳȥ
һʥʥϡͿҶľ֮ڣΪ˼콣֮ʥҲͬû˿
ʥܵΪﵽʥԲһǲ֮ɹʥʵʥܵĶ֡
ɹʥؿռʮʥǰ󾭹δսѾȫ˼ľ
ɹʮʥѾȫɱôʥس翻ø֮⣬νʥؿռʥأֻʣˡ
ҶеҪʮߣΪпܣνʥؿռʮ֮УУҲĴүַ塣
ʲô⣬ʱ䣬Բ֮ҹĴүַͻԳӭȢС꣬ʱܹȳСֻ꣬һξ춯ء
ҶϴŲͬȻű֮Ϊµһţʼʵ޷ﵽһͳµĵز
ʥȴͬʥ֮һҪʮҲ׾ٵ顣
ҶȷʱԼܹɱַ壬ȳСĻôĺҲǻصġ
Ҷ첻ģܹʥؿռɱַòģûֻ֣ҶʥؿռڿʼѰʮλʥ
ңҶʼն޷ҵʮλʥûа취ֻȥֻ֣Ȼټʮλߡ
ֻһ㣬Ҷһϵ߳ڼֻʥ£Ҷڽֻ֡
ֻͬһ޼ʣһƬɭ֣ûнֻ֮ڣɭֵľ֮ϱԸܵһɹɿֲϢ
ֻ֮
ֱһ̣Ҷֻ֪ˣһȣããѾܹˡ
ֻ֣ǳֻ֮вֻ壬ٲϾֻ֮ھ£ֻ֮Ϊصһ
ʵҶҲһ˿ֻ֮ʹһоͿԶݴֻ֮ӲĴֻ֮ڡ
ֻҶû뵽ǣֻڵֻ֮Ȼǿң񼶱ߣֻҪֻҲпֻܱ֮
Ҫ֪ҪΪжߣʵжǿֻҪֻأôΪͻữΪУõĿҪֻسɹõֱӱɢת
һ̣ҶȴޱȵϲãΪĲһֻΪǰյֻ֮֮٣ǿ߸á
Ҫ֪Ҷ֮Ҷնһ˿ֻ֮
ҶֻܹԼĲһôȵгɵһգǲһŹâһ̡
û˿ĳɣҶŲǰֻֻȥһҲǹһͣƺǹһӣҶ˫ֵֻ̤ĵؽ硣
ȻҶѾȷֻ֮еֻ֮Ī洦ֻΪʥؿռ׵أ˭Ҳұֻ֤֮ڻʲôв
ҲҶˣֱֻ֣ҶҲûκεвֻ̤ĵؽԽԶռڵֻ֮Խذˡ
ûмǰҶѰһߵľ֦ϣܲϳӿֻ֮Ҷڱ˫ۡ
ԴӾڵĴ飬ѧĴ֮⣬һҶѾˣһ̣ҶѾȽڵĴںϣȻںϵһڣֵֻֻ֮ںڲһ֮С
ҶҲȷȵµĲһ֮׿ԴﵽֵزҶȴԿ϶һ£ȵһ֮󣬾ʥҲδֵܹסһ


738 񷽣
ڵĴתΪףΪĴҶĵ֮ڷתš
ʵҶѧΪңһ취ûУΪһҶ춼֮Ͼһ˵ޱȵҪ
һһҹʱ䣬ҶŽڵĴȫںϣҲԤʾţҶڴӴҲûʲôĴˣŶĽ
ֽĴںΪһĽҶ˲͸һ֣񷽣ϽĴΨһϽ
ҶȴûֹͣոںڵĴҶſʼڵ֮о֮ȫʼںϡ
ҶѾȫԼڵңýڵȫںϣγԼ
Ĵǽ񺣵ں˿ûһ˿ѣҶ컹ͬʱĴ飬ֻһһҹʱ㽫Ĵȫںϡ
ڵҪĴȫں̸ף񷽣֮໥ײҪҶŵռ˵һѱ
ͷʼð΢ҲʼͣĲеֻʹ֮ɫɾҶﲻϵĸԼһҪȥ򲻽ܽںϣʱ˵ԼҪ
޾ʹ֮Уʱת۶ҹҶڵû˿ںϵļ¿ɼҶ졣
ȥôֻһǱҹû˿ںϵļҶֻĿȴΪ
رģʶȨүү
ʱҶԵȻҶԺ֮û˿ԥԼүүҶû˿Ĳġ
ԼʶȫҲ൱ڽԼ˳һҶôҶͨ쳹ֻܣҲֻ촦³
ֻһ˲䣬һɿֲ˲뵽Ҷĵռ֮ڣֱӽ񷽣Լȫڡ
ɲ񷽣֮ڣϵĿռ֮ȻҶʵֻ൱һ񣬿ɶڿռ֮ȴƹܡ
֣񷽣Լ΢һЩռ֮ǿнЩѹƵһСͿռڣʹ䲻ϵںϡ
үүлɡ
ŵռڵ춯Ҷϳأȫʤʱڵүүô˿ĵǣϾһǿˡ
Ҷֻ״̬Ҫʱ˳ںˣԼȴʧȥһүүôҶԸҪҲҪסүү
ƺܹԼеĵǣҶ԰һЦ˵İɣүү˵ֱСһ첻Щ߰ȫںϣϷӴˡ
ӴˡûģΪһ̣Ҷ쾪ϲķ֣þ޷ںϵһ˿ɶļ
ֻҪһ˿ɶôͺðˣȻһλĿռѹҶ쵤ռ֮ڵʼں
ʱ侲ĵţҹڵڰ峿Ƭַֻһ˿˿ڵֻ֮ʱҶڵĵռ䣬Ȼһ졣
лүү
үүˣͰôһСæүүеᱳʹģúɣүүҪȥϢһᡣ
ĵ˵ͷĿҶԶȥҶů˹ν飬ȻԼүүû˵ʲôҶΪ˰ԼںڵүүһԪ
Ŀһ۵ռڵСݣԼΪүүר׼ģŵ֮ȵĲ֮Ҷ˵ľϲ
һ̣ڳһ˿ֻ֮⣬ֻһǾǲ񷽣һרԼ
ֻ֮һ뵽Լڻһ˿ֻ֮Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣ֮ûнڵֻ֮һںڲ񷽣ڣΪֻ֡
ûֻ֣ҶھںڵѾںڵôֻ֣ôҶ׼һٽֻ֮ҲںϵԼĲ֮ڡ
ռ֮ڣҶ콫񷽣ٵȶȻڵһ˿ֻ֮Ҳʼں
ҲһεĿռѹεֻ֮ںϣû˿谭һʱ񷽣ȫںҶڵһ˿ֻ֮
Ҷû˿ķɣΪڵֻ֮ͺñȴһˮĴֻ֣Ҷ˼εںϾΪֻ֣ôõԴǶԲԼ
ͨ뵤ռͨһ˲䣬ֻֿʼӿֲֻ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬ҶͿٵĹرյռ䡣


739 
ոչرյռ䣬Ҷ첻κεĳɣֱӿʼں
ոںֻ֮Ҷ㿪ʼ򿪵ռ䣬ֵֻֻ֮Ȼٴιرտʼںϡ
֮Ҷûٴδ򿪵ռ䣬Ϊڵֻ֮Ѿﵽ˱״̬һ˿ֻ֮һ˿Ҳ
һ̣ҶҲûеڶֻҶΨһںڶΨһ񷽣
˫ۣ˲ȡ񽣣ǰֻ˲ӳһһڲ񷽣ӳľһ
һ̵Ĳһ֮ǰĲһȫͬһҶʹĲһҪ֮ǰʹĲһֹ
һ˲仮ƿռ䣬һɳĺ蹵˲γɣһ֮ڣֻ֮֮Ĵ
ģĸ˸ֻҰǲǡ
֪˭ӵ˯ǻ
ʱֵֻȻ䱬ʮɿֲϢЩϢ֮Уһ⣬ȫֻϢ
ʮֻʥ
ŴֻɢʮɿֲֻϢҶһʱ͸ܳʮϢɢߣʮֻʥ
ȻڵѾȫںϣһںϳ˲񷽣ҶܹƾŲһնɱһֻʥһʮֻϵʥҶΪԼûǸʵڲ³
ħǲľҶޱţ㲻ܾʮֻʥҪסЩνʥǲġ
ǰǣνֻ֣ҶΪ鷳һ˲䣬ҶӰѾʧԭأ˵ռڡ
ҶոʧԶֻѾʳӰһգ۵ʱ䣬ʮӰѾߣ󺺣ٸŮ
ҿ˭նµһֱ̫ţˡ
ɵܣֻֽˡ
ߵĻʣµɫȫһ飬Ϊÿһﶼֻǧûнһˡ
ֻȲʥؿռ׵أȻÿʮ궼ʥصߣûһܹɹȺֵֻġ
ϴڸô죿
ȫΨһߣԭߵıһֻ룬һֻΪѾﵽʥԲ֮ʥ֮ʵǿһ
Ѳ飬ζҪѳ
ǡ
˵֮ȫ˷ȥֻʣŮɫЩأ˵˵ʥصһʥأ
Ůıһߣ޼ڶʥ֮УʵԿŽڶᲢۡ
ŮҡҡͷֻûнˣκȻ˽룬һʱ֮Ҳ֪ʥصһ
ʥÿʮ궼ʮ߽ʥؿռ䣬ЩȻֻ֣ʵ׵ضֻ֪ǵֻػԵ׵أʲôʥؽʥؿռ䡣
һ㣬һʥؽ룬ֻ֣Ϊʥص߸Ҳ׵صڡ
ȻҲ֪һʥص˽ֻֻ֣֪һ飬ֻҪҽֵֻˣ
ŮĻû˿⣬ƺһж֮һ㣬ͬĵ˵ͷ˵˵ΪԲңҪߣҲ²Ĳһʲôͨ򲻿뿪˿졣
ŮɫһСڣЩʵѲ뾪ǣ
ǵǣ˸ոջӳһ֮£ԳҵΪ˵Ϊﵽ֮
ܣ
ûе߰ѻ˵꣬ŮֱӺ֮˵㿪ʲôЦʥؿռ룬ʥصĹأѵ㲻֪𣿡
֪κ蹵ܹӳһˣҲΪ״ﵽôĵزҵʵʹ˾һ
ߵĻŮһʱ֮ҲĬˣΪߵʵˣʵУֻŵڶȴʵʵĵһ
߶޷ӳ˽ôԷΪ֪ΪߵΪѾﵽʥԲ֮һʥʵӿֲɾȻûܹսʤԷ뵽ŮԽ
ɵ뿪ʥ֮ǰʹͨΪﵽ֮ϵǿߣ޷ʥؿռ䣬ǧһĶɣʥصλʥ޷ı䡣
һǰİɺ蹵ŮЩɶֱ˿̣Ҳ֪ൽôˡ


740 ɻ
ʥæȻ죬ռڣҶеڿյϣԺ֮Ҳ֪ʲô
ȷʥȫ뿪֮ҶŻӵռ˳һԼӳһҶҲʵһ
Ҫ˵ʥЩţҶԼ˶Щ̫ţԼĲ񷽣Ȼܹ֮ƻ֮
ڿϳˡ
ҶʵһתǰŮɫ˳ת䣬ʵôģ
ҶոԼڵռڵʱŮѾ뿪ոմӵռڳ˾ͳԼǰ
˵ŮҲռ˲ƼܣôҶ춼ţռ˲ͨô֪Լߵġ
ֻ֡
ֻ˵ֻ֣ʣµҲûж˵ʲôɾֻ֣ҶһС
԰ֻ֣ǰʥļңֵֻһУʥ˵ѾָƣҲȻˣ˵֪λкιɣ
еȫںγ˲񷽣㲻ʥ۷һսҪ뿪ʥ۷ҲֹǶԼžԵš
֪ʥصһ
ʥһֱΪҶʥصˣΪܹʥؿռˣֻʥصÿʮһᡣ
йϵ𣿡
֪ǲʥصˣκ˶ֻ֡
֪
֪ˣ
˵ͷߵʻҶֱƼˣʵҶ첢֪֮ʣҪǼɵոӳĲһҪˣ˵ڿĵһʱѳֽɱˡ
㲻ôֻ֣Ҳ׷ˣ뿪ֻ֡
С
Ҷû˿ԥӦȻкֻڻ಻Ϊ֪ĺöȴõֻ֮
ֻ֮Ĳ񷽣ҲҪ֪㣬ҶҲûٶʥĻ뿪ֻ֡
ӣʥؿռѾһµʱ䣬ʥؿռͨͻرգʱܼʱ뿪ʥؿռ䣬ôʥؿռ֮ھͻѣʵҲֻкʬͷķݡ
ٵĳͨȥҶҲûСħŮȻͣΪ֪СħŮһԼ뿪ʥؿռ䡣
ʵνʥؿռ䣬ҶջģʥؿռҪʲô϶µĳǬ
õǬֻ֮ڵĴֻ֮ɾ˲񷽣ҲԲˡ
ʵҶѾһǾǵȵպʵһʱһʥؿռֻ֮ڣ֪ΪʲôҶǸоֻصĶһ㡣
ոʥؿռڴҶ췢֣ʥνߣɹʮѾԼɱ翻øҲֻʣСħŮãˣӦǳ⡣
ʮȫվԭأֻҶ޷ϳʮ֮ڣλĴүַ塣
ֻҶԼϳһλĴүҲκεĳֻᣬϾʮ߶ڴ˴ҾʥؿռڿҲûжʱˡ
Ҷ죬㵽ȥˣΪʲôһȥ
Ҷƽ£СħŮϱһɾϲƼֵܶ˵ɫȴ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫֻÿʧĸ졣
ƼֵһŵʧҶûп¶һ˿ɻƽʧƵġ
Ҷ첻ɵӣȻֻһ˲ʧҶҲѾܹ³ƼֵһʲôҲǴһ䣬Ҷ쿪ʼƼֵܶˡ
ûʲôֻȥط˿ôû°ɣ
ȻƼֵѾɶСħŮҶȴû˿Ϊ֪СħŮĸġ
СħŮԼǰҶʶ橣Ĵүλ
Ȼ֪ҶĴүʲô飬СħŮָָʮ֮УһӢҲǿĴ󺺴λĴүַ壬һΪﵽʥԲǿߡ
Ҷ֪ԲʮͣΪѾﵽʥԲ֮츳㲻˵˫ҲԿŽǰ
һһƾŸոĲ񷽣Ҷ˿һʥԲǿߣ㲻ܽɱҲԲᱻԷɱ
Ҷ죬ַʲôСħŮû˿ʣϾĴүʥغǳҶ֪ҲΪ档


741 
ûʲôҸոսʥصʱ򣬱Ѿ˵λš
ĵ˵ͷҶĻشСħŮҲû˿ĻɣʥسڴʱһâһҶ켸ȫʧԭء
û˿⣬ɹʥֻԼһʮûдʥؿռɫ
ֶ֪ҾɹʮΪʲôûдʥؿռ
ַҲЩƣɹʮΪʲôûгңô֪ƹƣô˵˵ݰ
Ϊʥصʥˣʥس˳֮⣬λʥ˱ʥĴڡ
һַϿޱȣ˵ܲҲ֪صʮȥʲôطҲ֪Ϊʲôûг
ɫԽѿʥû˵ʲôϾʥؿռ䣬ҪʱĴ㡣
ȻǶˣɢ˰ɡ
Ȼλʥû˿ȴˬ˼㣬ʥһңʥڵ˭Ҳ֪ʥôһֱ
ÿΪ˽ʥؿռʥض֣ȵʥؿռʥضʥصء
ʥƿĵִͨʥؿռڣÿһʥصʮ߽УھɹʮȫûгǸ˶뵽
ʵӮӦΪһ֮ǰʥظɳʮ߽ʥؿռ䣬ʥܹߣʮλ翻øλɹȴһûг
ʥطֱ뿪ʥؿռ䣬ոջص翵̫ѾȺҶ켸˻ֱʵΣ
Ȼ̫ϵĻû˵ףҶȴ̫ϵ˼νʥؿռ䣬ҪΪǬ̫ϾûеõǬ
ɫʱһϲ˼ɵ˵Ҫףνʥؿռ㲻УҵڵǬˡ
Ļ̫ϻᰣ˵ɫʱһ䣬ϲ֣Щͣʵ˵Ŀģ
ˣԴʥ뿪ʥ֮󣬳һֱʥؿռڣʥûһҵǬ
ʥÿһﶼһʥܹõڵĳǬôʥΪʥ֮ס
һ뵽ԼܹõǬʱ翻øΪʥ֮ף᰻̫ϣ˾Ȼ΢Ĳ
λһ̾Ȼʧ̬ˣȫʧ̬ˣǧΨһһʧ̬ʧ̬ʧֵãΪ
ףǽʥؿռ䣬֮ҵʥؿռ׵֮һȣ֮ڣǬ
ʥؿռһһһʮĽ˳Ҷնɱʥȴһδᡣ
ԼӵĻ᰺ݺ˿˵ȫȥϢɡ
ǡ
ȵȫ뿪̫֮Ȼһ˿˵ʥڵǬȻȣѹôûǬ˿Ϣ
ĵ˵ͷҲЩţϾʥؽʥؿռ궼û˿Ϣʥڣÿһʧȥġ
ΪڵĳǬһֱԵ̫ʥȻһ̺гޱȣΪһͬĿꡣ
ϣǰʲôԹһ̶£ڵǬȻѾϢôʮ֮󲻹ǶҪõ
ס
ɸڣҶڼɽ£֪ΪʲôһָоƼֵƺһ˿ޣȻɳεĺܺãùҶ졣
ιôˣ
һĺʱҶӾ˻ɫЩŹֵĿǰ꣬СħŮʵ㵽ôˣԴ뿪ʥؿռ֮һֱ겻ᡣ
ԼеĸоҶСħŮô˵Ƽֵܶ˶СħŮ׸磬ƼֵҪԸôСħŮָ֮ô죬ΪСħŮԼҲ˺Ƽֵܡ
ûʲô£ֻЩ۰ˣ橣һٽһΣ𣿡
ظʲô
ЩҪ죬ҺҪǳҪϣܹҡ
Ҷ˵ЩأСħŮͷ룬ҪغѣΪ翻øʥŮȨеģСħŮȻƽʱЩ񲣬Ҳ֪ʲôʲôʡ
СħŮǵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ˵أҴӦˡ


742 
û⣬СħŮĴ죬һ·֮û˿谭˳Сߡ
ٴʹӸصܣ޷֪ǶѾ˽أҶٵĳ֮ͨһȥ
ʱҶûоצջĹ۲죬ͨڵצӦһֻλ
ûǰռ䣬ûнʥؿռ䣬ôҶţ뿪ʥԼҲȴȫһˡ
ڵͨҶһɽڣǰȻ˯ľ˲ͷųԼĲ񷽣
ȻҶڵѾȫںϳΪ񷽣ɲ񷽣֮ڣȻĴϢĴ֮׵
Բ񷽣ոͷţں˯צȻֻۣһ˼Ŀǰꡣ
ǽҶҵˣ
Ȼצû˿춯ҶԵĸܵǰצʶ쳣ҲЩ
ĵ˵ͷצҶûие˿ľȣΪһ뵽ҪȻҲٴ
צǰ֪ǷʶҶԣ
ҶԣҶԵʲôˣ
Ҷ֣צڿʼ΢΢˫֮бŽ⣬ҶҲû˿˵Ҷҵүү
˺ܾãצƽԼ飬˵ҵֽ˹٣үүİޡ
ȻԴռԼүүʱҶѾһ²⣬ǾצԼүүĹϵ
צ׿˵Ҷ֪Լûв´ԼүүӵռٻȻ㿪һߡ
Ҷԣ㣿Ȼš
˹٣û뵽ǽȻл
һһ޾ŶԷһλһλλվڴ½϶һŶõزµɾһ̣˶겻ѡ
ԭʥصλʥ͵ϮһһޣսҶԷӡռڣ˹ѹ
ҶҲû˵ֻĬĬĿǰԼүүצ˵ЩһУֱʱ֮ҶԲתʵа취𣿡
С
Ҷ֪ԼүүʵʲôȻצ˹ûԼүүʧȥȻѹʵҲѾ˥䡣
Ҷ췢֣ɽһ󷨣Ҳѹ˹٣һν룬Ҷ͹۲󷨡
ôյĲ˼뿪ʥؿռ֮ҶҵƳ󷨵ĹؼڣŻСħŮٴδ
û˿ĳɣֱʹ񷽣һ˲ӳѹצȻƳ
ǸϿ뿪󷨱ȣʥ֪
˹ٿԼѾػɣϲ֮ɫҲ˲䣬ΪҶԵʵ֮ǰʥصǿߣôһ
ҶҲһأֱӽҶ˹սռ䣬˵뿪ͨСħŮֱȥ˸ո뿪֮ϺȻӣһʥصλʥ
֣ƺˡ
ĵ˵ͷһɫɫЩ˵ҶҲ֪˭ȣ˹ҲλΪһɵģ
񺣣͵ϮҶԣ֮⣬ʥصҲ֪ӲҪ˵ˡ
˵ǣҿ˴βһǽΪһأ
ɸ֮ڣСħŮЩɻĿǰ꣬ʵ㵽ôˣ
СħŮôɵϣҲһ˿ߣкȻһֲõԤУô˵һԼ֮ˣһԼļңϣ¡
һοҶ˵İɣҴӦ㣬ʲôʱҶ˺ļˣȻȥɣƺҪͻˡ
Ŷ
䲻ԸĴӦһСħŮһͻ֮ǲ˿ŵģ߻ħȥ
ȵСħŮ뿪ɸ֮Ҷʶٽ뵤ռ֮ڣɲԼүү˹ٳʥ֪ô롣
ʲôʱ뿪ʥأ
Ҷ죬ҶһУҶԶȫ˹٣ѹ꣬˹ٵʵֻ൱һλޣҪ»ָλ֮²һ׵顣
˶Ҷȳýֺͷ룬Ҳ뵽ʥһᱩףҲ˵ʥضһӣΣҲһ֡
ȵ뿪ʥأô֮ʥҪҵ̸ףȵʵָ۷֮ڱ𲻳١


743 ݺݵ
뿪ʥأ뿪翻ø
˵ʵڵģʥصʱ仹£Ҳ˵ʥؼŸµʱ䡣
ȻֻǶݵʱ䣬Ҷʥ֮ڵõȴޱȵľ޴󣬲õʵǬһȳԼүүҪǣڵȫΪ񷽣
ܹʥôȻֻǾŸµʱ䣬ҶţԼͻǽ֮ͻƵʥָ֮տɴ
ȫسϵ֮ҶΪѾһǽ֮˶ǽ֮ٶȿν֮ޱȡ
ƺܹеɻҶ˵֪룬ȻʥҪĶҪ֪ʵݣʥز᲻ɣԱ뿪ȵպʵǿʥز١
үүô˵ˣԼôֻεĵ˵ͷҶȴŲһˣһʥոսʶµĺ֪
Ҫˣ䣬ھ뿪ʥء
үүҲ֪ô뿪ʥأ
ʵҲҶΨһƵ飬ʥأӵʥŴͨʥͨģҪ뿪֮ʣȴҲڴˡ
ģȻʥرûڣҪΪʲôʥػ˲ڴ½ϳ֡
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˵ҶҲ֪Լүү֪ô뿪ʥأʵڲУһ취Ǿռ䡣
ֻҪһͨռ֮Ҫ뿪ʥؼֱ練ƣҪĻôܶ鷳
үү˹үүȽҵĵռ䣬һЩҪ
Ҷ飬ҶʥصַͨԼĶӣһһ˿ٵʧԭأص˵ռڡ
ԭʥضԼֻͨͨ˲֪ˣʥصͨ½ϵһЩǿ߻ģоͰҶԡ
СħŮҶҲû˿˵橣׼뿪翻ø
ҶĻСħŮոջЦ˲䣬һ֪ʵҶ죬ǲ㲻ˣ㲻ģ˵ʲôԸģģʲôԡ
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ΪʲôҪ뿪翻øǲҪԸ㣿
ҲЩһ˿ܸܲСħŮ׸Ƕ˼ɣеʱүү֪ҾԼүүʥضŹԼ
һУҶ첻ܸСħŮΪﰮû˿ĻŮӣûжൢʱ䣬ΪԼ˹٣ʥصϢһܹСħŮԼĽء
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Լ뿪ֻСħŮһ֪ѣСħŮԼҶ춼ţɼȻСħŮԼôǰλô֪ġ
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ʵҶҲȻλѾȺԼô˵λѾ֪Լȳүү顣
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ڸոգǶһ֪Ƿ֪
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ڹ˵Ҫǵ갵Ϯǣľˡ
ˣڲ˵Щʱ򣬵뿪ʥ֮ǻֻġ
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Ҷݺݱһǰλʥص˶һЩòȻαӣ
Ҳϻ˹ǸƥǿԸʹ죬򡭡

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Ȼ֪ӵߴ״ʲôҶܹţĵռ䣬ôߴҲޱţ档
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ҶԵ˼ҶȻܹĿռ׷飬һֱλϹȣôҲһ뿪ʥһ



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ĲλλҶҲޱȵţܹ뿪ʥض֪
ʲôͷΪﵽľǿߣܹʩչѿռĿֲͨ۷УҲᱻ˲ռɱ
ҶĽͣҶ˹Ҳɫ뿪ʥأôһ֣ʱɾ鷳ˡ
ƺܹµеĵǣҶ˵үү֪ǵʲôҿޱȿ϶κΰ֡
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ɾҰ֣ÿռ֮ڣҶҪ뿪ʥؼֱ졣
ʵҶڱ˭ƣҪ˵Լĵռ뿪ʥأһ̵ռƶһ£ֻҪһ£ҶỳɣԼͬռһٱռ顣
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һ̣λ˶ŵ˵һΣҶûж˵һ䣬ֻǾĿš
ռ֮⣬λȻûз˲Ҷ˹ҶԣϾǼʵǲʣҪǴ֮ȥʥػǲݣʥص׳ˡ
͵ϮҶԣ¾λʥ֪ӲҪ˵ʥˡ
ȻÿһʥͨҲսɻûе˲ݵľ棬ý֪ʥز͵Ϯ˼ҵڣڵӡ񺣷Ƿ˲ɡ
ʱҴҶš
תۼѹ֮Уûһ˿ķɣȻûҵ꣬ﶼһֱδ뿪һֱĳһ䡣
Ȼʵǿޱȣվ˵ҲˣҹĲ߲ݣһڸ״̬ת֮УܳԵ
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Ĳֵ£ʱֿٵĹȥ죬ʮĲ׷飬ɻȴǺ޽
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˵䣬Ҷ̧ͷ˿翻øСħŮסʥΨһĲµֻ橣ǸÿȥаʵĺܴСŮתûλϹȡ


746 úˬˬ
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ɽڴ½ߣѩأʵ飬һֻڱɽ֮Уһ죬ͻһͷȥĶɼɽı
ڱɽһ̣Ҷ뵽ľ죬ԼǰһﴫԼ֮
콫ｻԼʱ˵һ£ǾǶʮ֮ǰɽڱ֮ھȳһŮӡ
ȵԼ֮ҶʹǰɽһˣȲ˵ԼжԼǰæҲ
ֻҶе޳ǣԼ翻ø뿪Ȼ˱ɽ֮ڣҲ֪ǲⰲš
Ȼ찲ˣҶҲû˿ԥȻѾ˱ɽôԲԼǰΣȳİ֮ˡ
콫ŮӵλøҶֱӳһȥΪﵽǽ֮Ҳֱӿˡ

Ҷڱ·ϵʱһϢؽ磬дƣҶ˱ѩؾȻ˴ܡ
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һƬհ׵ıѩϣ֮ϻŶëѩʮΧŮ곤ޱӢŮȴǡ
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ܣҪһ飬ħ̣ѵĲ֮Լ𣿡
⣬һȥӣȫһ£Ҳһڲ˵ĸоǴûһ㣬ͺñȺҹĹ»Ұһ㡣
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ӵĻбŮƺҲһ־ҲϵϬʮΧȻһ˿ҪĿܡ
ųеı仯ɫڱˣΪΧˣħ̿˴󹤷ʧֵĻôصħԺ󣬺ֱԤϵ
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ڱΧŮ꣬ΪǲŴﵽʦ֮һļ룬ͨ쳹֮ܣҲˡ
Ȼļ룬еŮһʱͱֹסû˿Ŀܣֻܸɵۡ
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һˣ֮һȵϵĺڲģжԲжԲÿֲҲΪ
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ŮΪȻѩ̽ŮҲɽĵһˣҪõ˼ֱĿųһӡ
ҪʲôҸ㣬㲻ҪңҸײŹġ
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׼뿪Ҷ죬Ȼת˫ɱ£һˣʧԭأǵصֱӳųѹȥ


747 ȫ
׼ˬˬĺˣȻоԼ岻ܶˣڵ֮޷תûüڣһűըϡá
һϡͿıɱˣʣµĺȫɵˣҲ˲Ϻ£һ˫ƯĴ۾Ķǰһ⡣
ۡ
տʼŻˣԺըϡãһʱ֮仹ûзӦȵƽǹɿ־֮ٿǰΣһŮֳܵ档
֪λǰ٣ħڴ˹򣬻ǰ
˹ɸû֣ܹϢĽԼһɱⱾͲҪ˼ԷҪԼΪ߳ܶࡣ
ħȻڱɽһͷ˭ҲǵĿʨ½֮ϣħܹһŶѡ
ϣħ̲ǲǵ˴ڣùɸеޱƵǣλû¶ǰΪʲôħ̳֡
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¶ǰȻոճֻɱħ̵һôħ̾Բһġ
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Ҿһ棬Էϵһˣ´ζġ
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ħ֮ڣ۾Դ۵Ĵڣһпѩֵ̰ۣħѾʶԡ
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Ȼϲɽ֮ķ˼ŮӶ˵ˣԼҪӲˣ꽨Ҫһ
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ѩôһͷߣüֱ˷ѣǰĺ겻ȥ˵ǰûб˼ֻлһǰѣǰӡ
˵ĺܶԣȻǰ˱ɽһҪѩ֮̾ꡣ
ȻǶ˵ˣҲˣ߰ɡװBһҶ컹ǴӦԼʲôˣǰȻǰǾӦиǰķٺ١


748 
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ѩشѩ嶥ѩͨѩɫһʢѩһ㣬ҶһۿǰѩʱҲΰĽ𺳡
ǰѩЩ԰˵ѩǵѩɽһ漣
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΢΢һ̾Ҳû˵ʲôûоʱһУ˭Ҳ˽⵽ĿֲʵȴûһǶ˵Ļһŵı
ȵȫ뿪֮ɫЩص˵ħ̶ԸѾԲ̵ԼҪѩ̳ˡ
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ھȥ
һ仰ѩ̶ͷ֮ʣƺûѩűӦеĽţѩͨԼѩ̸޵Уħ̾ȫ֮ΣǹԹԱԼһȥ
ѩһȫҶֻԹۣߴϵ֪ѩ̱ضԼΰǣôһأ˭ܾȵǡ
Ҷȴû뿪ΪûеõڱߵһУѩָˣôֻеˣʱ䲻̫춼ȥҶޱȵš


749 
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ɽ̣ÿһɶڵĳǳأ֮Լ֮ζԹǳس֡
ѩڣҶڳڲϵĹţ֮ǰ׵Ǹ̬ȣλʵͨǰʹ뿪ѩ̡
Ҷ磬
ΪҶ׽ŻҶ磬ҶԴҲû˿ķԣΪǴĵϲ
Ҷ첢ûκεŮ֮飬ͺ֮һ㣬һ㣬֪
Իĵ۹Ƴǡ
Ƴǣû
ĻҶеޱȣһѩɽСôܹ˵ĵ۹һССƳǡ
Ҷ磬ո˵ʲôƳǣ
ĵ˵ͷҶ쵹ЩԼƳǲһٵ飬ֵ
ʵֱڣҶҲ֪ԼƳǳжƳж󣬿ǰĺ꣬˺þ̽Ե˵Ҷ磬ƳǵĳƺҲҶ죬ɣ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôʣҶ컹ǵ˵ͷǳױˣһĿǰĺꡣ
˵Ƴǣ
صĵ˵ͷЩ״ε˵˵Ƴǵĳʵͨ죬һ֮µһţŴɱķնǿߴݶȥԭƳǵĳᡣ
ԭˣҶʵû뵽Լŵ飬Ȼ˱ɽ컯Ūˣ뵱ľٶҶҲЩԼ˲
̾ϢһɫЩʧ̾Ϣôһλ磬׵ôˣΪʲô
ҶҲ΢΢һ̾ѩ̱ʵͲôǿڲѩ̽Ҳĸ컹ѩ̵ߴϣȫһЩĿˣѩЩضһ֮·
Ҷ磬һ𣿡
˵ɡ
ѩ̺ҵһиʲô飬ʱ뿴ҵķϳһΣ𣿡
ɵϣҶԼźøУ˭Ұħ̵˵֮ţʮ죬ħһж
ܹһ֮սµһţҶʵжôǿһ̣ȴҪʱҶһΡ
ԼҶܹһΣôħ̴ٶѩҲ赣ʲô
˵ͷ£ҶǰŮã˵ҴӦ㣬֮ϵǿ߳һ֣Ҳܡ
˻϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲħֻһЩͨӣôѩôãҲԿԵֵ
ħ֮ϵǿߣôѩֻеűڣԭܼ򵥣ɽһֱల£Ȼƽʱ֮һЩĦȴٽɡ
ħ̺ȻҪѩ̳֣ôֻ˵һ㣬Ҳ˵ħѾӵ˶Կѩ̵㹻ʵӵžԵĲŻ֡
ѩ̽һǱɽ֪ģȻħ̽Ҳһ𣬿ҪĻô˭˭Ӯһ
ħ̼ȻѾ֣ô˵ħʵѾ˾ԵģӦѹѩ̽ʵ
Լѩ̵ѾһʯͷҲʱԶ֮УȻһ춯صĿ
Ҷ߽һԭǼӵܣ۸һϸ˺һŮ竵ӿλŮϷŮԸ⣬ⲻӵܾͶֽϷһ١
ס֣ү۸޸֮СŮǶ
һŭֱӽ׼Ϸļ竵ӲˣѩǣǼֱʵۣҪ÷Ҫ꣬ʲôʱ˸ҹǵ飬ⲻһ
ĸ۵ĸҹܱү顭
ûеӵܰѻ˵꣬ӵ˫۵ɵţһ㣬ĶǰŮɫ˲ɷס
ԭС㣬֪С㽵٣ʧԶӭĪ֡
ߣǼåÿû¸ɾһЩȱµ飬Ρ
С㣬ҲˣҸ׻еҪ죬˼ˡ
˿˵Ļᣬӵ˦žܣתʱʧӰ٣Ѿŭ
Ϊʲôɱǣ
ҶЩɻ󣬼ΪֻߣҪ֣ô˸û˿ߵĿܡ
ʮǰҾˣʮȥˣȴȻûжҲ룬ǸС


750 ־Ȼǻ
ԭӵܵͷ쳣ѩ̳ϵӣѩǳĶӣһû˿İ취
Ȼѩ̽Щ鲢ֻнһˣʮȻЩӵ޷죬ѩҲûеõʲôͽ䡣
ҶҲûж˵ʲôҲûκεıʾô˵ⶼ˼ѩ̵ļ£һҲö¡
ѩ壬ѩǰ
ɫЩصĿԶľͷһλ˵ҹ֣ħ̴ֲõԤС
λӲǱˣǱɽ֮һɽ̽ҹΪͬﵽ֮Ϊ˵ֵħ̣ҹɽ̰ٷ֮ʮǿߡ
ҹҲһأɽɶǱŽˮˮԼǧ궼ల¡
ħ̺ȻѣȻѩ̽Ů֣˵ʲô˭ԤʾţħѾŵһ֮սɡ
ħ̵ʵΣɷϣЩħȻΪ˱ɽһ̣˵ħƾһ֮Կ̣ǲЩ̫ˡ
ҲôΪħ̺ȻѣӦ̡
ˮڣħһʵҲδܹԿ̵֮
֮ʣѩ֮⣬ȻٹǿϢЩϢɫڱˡ
ۣôܣôܣ
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ȥߴ֮⣬ȫ뿪ѩ塣
ȥ˰λϣɽ̵Ҳ뿪ѩ壬ʱѩڡ
һʱȷľô˵ħ̾ɱѩϵˣҲԲѩڡ
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ħĻҹɫ˲ת䣬֮ǰħ˵ĻôһΪ˷ˣȴһħǿԮԺɨɽǿԮ
ˣҸǽһ£λǻĻӥա

֣ɫٴδ䣬ȻԶ½ɶڴ½ϵǺ˽ģǶԻ
Ȼµһţ΢˽½˶֪ʵ½ϻźܶҪŸǿлһ
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ٺ٣Ϸӥգϻ˵ֻҪպȫħôɽ̻ѩ̣ҶҪǱΣ
ƨͬھҲǵóѡ
ĻӥЦЦ֮г˱֮ɫ˻֣Ȼ˵ɱЩˣȻѩɽǵˣһ
ѩɽǵˣ˻ҹ˲㱳ȥ۾ͨĿǰħ޲ȥһڿҧħ⡣
ǿ˲ҹ֣ӥħߺȻߣˡ
ħһʱӴ֮ɽˣǸ
ӥģֻҪħܹõɽôһõ
ãããܹãһȥ֮һԼ䣬ʱҪ˵һССıɽպ½ռһϯ֮λҲûпܡ


751 ţ۲
ӥĻħ˲䱬ϲ֮ɫ
۶Ըɵʮϣһû˿飬Ҳһʱ֮òˡ
˵ΪǴﵽ˶֮컹ҹȴʵʵ
ɫһӥ˲һǿֱ֮ӽȫڣڴͷųȫһ˲顣
ǰΪһӥոոճ֣ҹֻ׸С
ߣʶôĶ
ӥͽҰɡ
˵ͷɽǰλĻûжȤϾҪΪ˱߶
ħѵҪɽһŸ𣿡
ҽɽһЦȷ㣬ҲὫɽһһɽһȫµĸ߶ȣ߶޷ġ
ħȻǧĦʼնԼҵ飬Ȼ˻һͽк𡣡
ĻħΪȻЦЦЦӼΪɽİպԼٴɽ½
ħܹ뵽պűɽ½Ϊ½Ƕôá
¶һ˿̣ħ˷ܵ˵ô꣬һҪˣҵĺûǣھ·
˵֮ħԼ֣ݺݵĳǰնȥΪֻҪնȥôǧıɽζһͳ
ɾʱħֵķ֣Լֲζ޷նȥҸֵǣոձס˾Ȼܹˡ
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ԼŮɫ˲䣬Ще˵ʲôϿ뿪졣
мֱе˼㣬ħ˻Ӵܣǿ߼Ҳ˼ҵĶ֣ԼŮɽΪһŮħЩֱ롣
ҹҲһеӣȻɽƽʱѩ֮ҲŲСĶԹڴҶһͬĵħ̡
Դʱ˿̣ҹҲǰŮӳ£˵ֶŮϿ뿪
Ȼ˾ͲҪˣټ
ӥոûйħ쳣Ͼ˿һ̵ħˣںȻֵľŮλǴһ
ĸ˲ŮǿˣӥԼΪĻ½ҲǶһţزµˡ
ǰľŮӥԽԽԼ̵õŮһҲȲˡ
һӥգд󾪣ҲڵƣٱӥգӴ˲
ĵĿһۣӥһССһֻϣʹ֮һŭ춨סȻһﻹ˵ţŮһؼҰɡ
һûмţ۲ݣǴ۽ˣǻĻ
˭
֮ϴһӥպȻ侪ֵĺΪ𺳵ķ֣ʵȻͷβûзѩȻˣһһʵΪǿˡ
˸еһ˿ɻ뾪ֵͬʱҶӰڻߣĮ˵Ұȫɡ
мĿһǰĺ꣬Ҷ˵ȫʲô˼
ħ˽ۣ𣬻һ棬ǿʵǺɨɽ´ࡣ
Ҷ첻ֽ¾ǽǿߣôʣµİҲѩɽܹԿġ
ҶĻȷʵŲɣԼǰͨҶ˵ԼܹأλɽһŮҲš
ҹ˴۵СۣǾȣΪ˻ǾԼŮˣԼʱȴûӡ
ҹȴ룬ѩʲôʱǿĺԮȻҲ֪ͨһܹҲ˵ˡ
˭
ӥܹΪĻʵǿ⣬Ҳһģһ۵ʱﲻϵĸԼ˵ʵҪԼǿܶࡣ
˭ҲԼǸУȻţ۲ݣ㲻ţҶеѽؼﶹֱˡ
ǰĻӥֱＫˣˣһͲϵӣʵǿôˡ


752 
Ȼܼɵǰĺ꣬ŮһٶĲԼֱ̡
ϺȻһɱɱûټɵʲôӥò±ɽôȥҲ·һ
֮͸¶һɱٳǰȥŭƿСһңղɱزݡ
ĮĿһ˾ֵУ껺Լ֣ôĳǰһ¡
ôһ£˾ֵķ֣ӥܵĿռȻȫݣֲĺڶ޾δֱ֪
һգ۵ʱ䣬һ׵ʧ˵֮Уɽ˵һ顣
ɽʵΪǿ˱ɵλֱΪﵽ֮һڱɽǾ޵еĴڡ
һ̣ɽΪ޵дڵǿߣȻ޷ֵסһУһ̿ȫˡ
죬ȻҶŮһʲôŻꡣ
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ǰΪٴﵽ֮֮ϵʥɲʻʥһ֮Ūɽǿڡ
תħ뽫ǿߣҶӰٶкȻĴ񽣣ڵĲ񷽣ҲѸת
ѩϽݺᣬǵ⽣Ӱһʱ䣬ѩ嶼ȾʺɫһɹѪ˳¡
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ۣۣۡ
صѪſеѪζҲ޷ܣһ˶ı۵µǸ
Ҫ˵ʶҲһɫۣħһ棬ôһգ۵ʱ㳹ʧؼ䡣
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ĬһᣬҶҲû˵ҹ˵ǰҲ˵ɽĽأɽΪء
أ
˻Ҷ쵹Ǿһ£֮ǰУԼʮǰɽıһλŮӣҶû뵽ǣ߾ȻɽĽأиֽʲôء
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ڴҹõ߾ȻɽĽأôҶӲǰߣǰɵĽڱһ֪Ķࡣ
ǰҪ߸ûκε⣬ħˣҪߡ
˻Ҷɫ˲һ䣬Į˵ô£Ѳλҽߡ
ĸңǰ˵ЦˣǶ˲ǰߣҪߣ뼯ɵűſԽ룬ħѾˣħ̵ı顭
ĻȻû˵꣬е˼ҶѾȫˣҪ뼯飬һһţħˣôħ̵ıҲ϶ʧˣôʧȥһű飬޷ϣҪ߾͸ˡ


753 
ҶɫҲǶʱһδλϹȳòɽû˽⼸ǰһ׮¡
ô˵춼ԼǰǰҲ൱ڰԼˣѾɽȴ޷ߣֱƼˡ
ǰҲ黹ת
Ŷ
ǰ֮ħȻѾ䣬ɱһϡ
˼˵ħı鲻ϣпħ֮ڣ
жʱһϲħû˿ĹϵҪħϵ֮һ˵ҪħҪһ򱶡
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ǰԼǣħ̵ıпħ֮ڣڵħŻҪõ¡
ȻҹĻû˵꣬е˼Բˣǰħ̣ôǰʵԿԺɨħ̡
ȫһˣħ˻ôһɽǰʵͨ죬ôҲΪаɡ
ҹе˼ҶħŻɽΣ
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ΪѣһǲݵУԲһħûлǿߣȥһΪ˱飬Ϊɱǿߡ
׼øԵı飬һߡ
˵֮ҶȻһ԰׵Ѹ뿪ѩ壬ƺ˵ʲô̾ϢһʲôҲû˵ڡ
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ҹֿˣԶеʹ漴콫ǰǰ֮飬һһʮȫ˵˳ȵ˵֮ҹҲص̾Ϣһ
ħ̣ѩһǧ֮ԶҶΪҲ˴һʱҲħ塣
ħ𣿡
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СֵרˣϷǻĻ꣬𣬲֪Сֵкιɣ
ꣿħħҪΪ˱顣
飬֣˵ɫͬʱ䣬Ϊλ֮԰ħ̣Ϊľħеı飬Ȼħһͳɽʱ۾ͿԿߡ
ǰһھҪ飬û󻤷ܹɫʱһ䣬˵Сֵ鷳ˣ
ûõ飬ҽħɱħ֮ϣһ£ħǷ񽻳飬λ뿪硣
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ȴû֣˲ɵϣǰʵԱǸߣûо԰֮ǰ˸


754 
λе뷨ڳļλ
΢΢һ̾ݺݵıһߵˣħǰĺ˵Ѿ˻Сֵ
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˵ΪҲﵽ˶֮Ӵ֮˲ֱӽħڡ
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¶һֳССĶҲԣֻӳ񽣶ûó
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䲻ԸĴӻȡһѩױ飬һԸĽ˳ȥ˼ңȻҶ˵һħư
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ͳոպһնɱ滤ħޱȵĿ϶Ҫ˵ԼһˣǰˣǧҲδĶ֡
ҶɲħԸԸ⣬ȵһ֮Լͻ뿪ɽʱɽħһ˶
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һʱ֮˱Ѿվѩ֮ϣ̶̵һʱѩϾôһλǿĺ̨ѩҲħˡ
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λǶΣ
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ȴ֪ԼóûˣµʱҲ˲䱻
ͬʱ΢΢һ̾һԸĽűóϻ˿ĲԸ⣬ôһɱ˭ǡ
ùеű飬Ҷһָħĵ֮ϣֻħɫ˲԰ףĺο¡
Σɫ˲һ䣬ΪﶼɽһǿߣħڣһǿԴ˳Ϊ˷ͨ˶磬ΪҶôһָħĵѾȣΪʧȥ


755 ʮ
ɫЩ̫ÿô˵ǿɶһʵǿߡ
Ҷ磬ܲһ£
ĵ˵ͷǰŮӣҶĵһ㿴ԲκεҪᾡ쵽
ΪҶõԼһ֮Ҫ뿪ɽһ֮ʾǰԼɡ
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͵Ŀƺʲôһ㣬Ͼ߱ɽΪأǧûһ˽С
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ΪԼ֮Ϊﵽһǽʥͺܲˣɵȵ֮ΪȻֱԽһǽʥֱӴﵽ˶ǽʥ֮
Ϊﵽ˶ǽʥ֮Ҷޱǿţͬȼ֮УԼѾ޵УʥԲǿߣԼĻҲֵסԼһ֮
Ҳ˵ʥ֮УҶȫ˫ҶŸǿţԼô򲻹ҲԲ֮ǰһֻĶӵķݡ
ǧֻأֻڽ񳯣ս챻˴ʥѹѾǧ֮ˣһʦգҶ컹治֪ԼҪֻؼˡ
һ뵽ԼʦգҶɫ˲һ䣬ԼˣΪ˶ǽʥ֮ôҲʱȳԼʦʱˡ


761 һȺ
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ʵĲֹҶһˣʷ֮ϵսҲɿֲĲ񷽣֮¿ѱ䣬Ҷͬһʱﵽ˶ʥ֮
ȴû˿ϲãΪҲһ֪Լĵطʷ壬Լһ˱ѹ֮
÷еЩСС𺳵ǣΪʥ֮һ̣Ժ֮Ȼһ仰Ҷҵǧֻ֮
Ҷҵǧ֮
ȻֻǶ̶̵һ仰ֲɵӣֻǴӶ̶̵һ仰ڣѾԼһ֮Ĺϵ
ԭĿĵ
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ʵҲǻҳƵΣһʮλʮʥߵǰʱʮ˾ֻʣˡ
Ҳ˵ʮʥһգ۵ʱʣʧʮʥǿʮʥһ뵽֣˵ɫЩ̫ÿ
ˣҲɫ˲ת䣬ѾģӶ뿪ˣǾȻ׷ʲô
Ը˵ҪʲôֱӾеնµֱӳǰʥݺնȥ
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ʵʥ֪ν൱ַ˼ңô˵ػѾǧ֮ˣԵ޹ʴ׷ʷ壬ܲǼ
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ҵĺֵܣܹһ飬ԩֵˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ챯ߵŭ첻ңոռԼ˾Ҫ뿪磬Լ֮ʣһҪһ£ǾԱʥͬھ
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ѣѡԱֵá
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Լ˾Ȼ˵Ϻݺݵһǳ衣
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ΪﵽʥҲֻһȺ߼ˣ治֪ΪʲôǳЩе
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һνǳ׵סʣµʥһɱһʥ񣬷ʥԲҲ
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ʥܴûгͬһȥǷֿ뿪ʷ塣


762 ô
ʥȥ˸ԵĴ㡣
СʵǿɻûдﵽһĽ׶Σ˷ֿ룬ǾͲһ˿Էֳ׷ǡ
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ҵ˲κ۸Ҷ仰΢Ĳһ£¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ʥ֮һΪѹʥ߿ٵ룬˵ʵڵģλʥˣһлɱһʥʵҪɱֱƵġ
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ģǸСɱǧҪ׷ҡ
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ߵʵձҶɱҲԲܱһɱ֮ԱҶһɱȫΪ߱˺֮ģȫ˵һ˿Ҳûκεĵֿһʥǿ߱Ҷһɱ
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ϥڵϵķɫ࿴ǰĺ꣬˵лˣսжġ
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ʥ֮Ҷʶʥܵǿʥ۷֮Ӳ֮Ͽ˵ʥ֮Ѿ޵еı֡
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ܿ죬ľʥѾǰ֮ǰʥܣҲ˵ҶʥܣҲ൱ӵʥ۷弶ǿߡ
ʥ۷Ҷ죬Ҳ൱Ҷ߳½ԿԺɨ½˴½û֡
ЩҶ첢ΪԼߴܳģΪ˾ʥʬ֮УȺѾȥ߾ʥʬ壬ʣµһʥʬ壬ҪԼүүô˵Ҷһ֮ǽʥʬϣбףҪԼүүľˡ


763 
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κε©ҶԼе뷨һһʮȫ˵˳ϾԸԸ⻹ҪԼүү˼
ʵҶʥʬôܹΪҲ޷ָ֮֮Ҳ޷ﵽ
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Ҷǧû뵽ǣԼӾȻԼڻԼôΪѲҪ
ʵҶ֪Լүү˵Ҳû˿ľȣûٳɣֱӽʥջصսڡ
үүʲôҲһнҡ
ĵ˵ͷԼӣҶʲôĵģӱԼһҪҶҲһԹԡ
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ںˣү뿪ˣȵ֮ؽ֮أǶôĺ׳
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үүȵЩʹ࣬Ҫס
Сӣүүһ£Ͽġ
ܵӴҶѷˣǽʥ֮Ŷ೤ʱ䣬Դ뿪ʥأһ¶ԼӵΪȻӶǽֱ֮˶ǽʥ֮
ǶôµٶȣһĸȼҶֻҪһ£;жôѵԼˣ
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걥Ҷ漴ԼһαѪ˲뵽ʥʬϣҪ֪ӵҶ죬ѪǺεȵѵãں˾İħʱҶԵİҲޱȾ޴ġ
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ĵ׺ݺݵһĽе꿿һߵʥʬǰв׵ʱҶϵٶȺȻӿ죬һգۣҶԵѾ״뵽ʥʬڡ
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ľ̻ѾϣֻʣүүʥʬںϵḶ́Ҫõʱ䣬ҶԼ˶֪
ľʧҶ߳˹ټæʵҶ죬үүôˣ


764 
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Ϊ֮еٮٮߣͨԼóȻȥôʱ򲻽ܾȳԼύ
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Ļ˹ɫ˲ϲԼֵܹ˹ԼҪһ򱶡
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ʥ֮ҶߵΪܹԼүүģŲƭ֮ҶصĹƣԼүү֮Ϊָܹ֮Ѿˡ
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Ҷ˵ʲô˵ҼһαˮֻҪ£Ϊͻ֮
˻˹Ҳɫ䣬ȻĶȻܹһ˲֮˹һ̻ΪǰΪȻǶǽ֮
Ȼ˺õĶôҶ㻹Ͽ±ˮ
˹ҲЩɻ󣬼ȻˮܹΪͻƽ֮ô㻹ʲôϾ뽣ʸ
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ҶĻ˹Ҳ΢΢һ̾ΪʲôҶ˺õĶȴãԭһжΪԼǸֵܡ
˹û˵ʵ棬ȻϣҶ콫ˮԼֵܣҶԵʱ򲻽ܹΪҲٱʥ֮


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˰֣Ҷ˾֪ˮĵһѾˮԼүүá
ΪҶˮҲŲĥãΪֻҪͻƽ֮ôǰ鶼ӭж⡣
ҶȴȻȡˮֱҶǰû˿ԥеıˮ뵽ҶԵĿС
ΪҶ֪Լүү˵ʲôҲαˮϾүүģöԼãԼӡ
ˮ֮ҶԵ忪ʼǿҵĲ¶һʹ֮飬һεκɫҺȫ
Ҷûйܣȴûٶ˵ʲôϾҶѾˮҶԷ£ԼһԸҲǰ״
˶ǾվԭأĶǰҶԣΪȻ֪ˮĹЧɱϾҲûκһʹùˮ

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ããĴѩȻǺڣҲǽĵһѩȻȥ΢һЩϴ˿̴˾Ҳʵˡ
ʥ۷ֻ֮һ˲䣬˾оҶԵʵΪĽѴ˵ϡ
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үүлл㡣
ϲүү
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үү֪жҪʱһҪؽһˣ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵үүİɣæе飬һؽ񺣵ģүүҪȥ𣿡
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ѾûлȥˣλصԺүүͻῪʼչأǾ仰֮ء
ǾԤףүү񹦴ɡ
һЦ֮УҶ˹뿪˹·壬Ž񺣵ķȥѾʧˣҶһ˼˼ЩƳǵļˣֵܣȴкܶĻصƳҲֻƳ鷳
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ݺݵıסСˮҶ۽ҲЩʪԴһս֮Сˮ׵˯ϵԹԼ
ҶһֱΪԼСˮϾûԼţôСˮҲΪԼһ£Сˮ᳹˯
ҹҹҶһֱԼ֮У˵Сˮָ֮˵Ҷֲڡ
Լĺ֪Ȼ࣬Ҷȴÿһˣϣκһ֪£ǳһ飬ԲԼİȫصƳ֮С
Ϊﵽʥ֮ϼӣҶȥƳǣʵǿҶʼղԼŮ˳棬Լİ˳һ顣
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ҶСˮ᲻֪ȴûж˵ʲôǹɵĵ˵ͷΪҲ֪Լڳ£ߵİ˿»ᡭ˵ģκ֮ǰϣԶƳǵҡ
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ҲûκεĳɣҶֱСˮ뿪˹·壬ΪźܶҪÿһǱ顣
ȵ뿪֮Ҷһ䣬϶ʱһɾ춯صɱΪԼҵʦȻյпռڣ񿴹ܡ
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ŵпռ䣬ǱΪµһأпռҶ֪пռλŵڡ
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ʷżľ룬ҶٶҲϺü죬ҶҲûȫ·Ƶ·ϣԼʵ·һ顣
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һƬĽҰ⣬ˣûУֻаããһƬޱȣǰľ˵Сѩʲô
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ʵҶ˵ģڵٶȣ仹ǿռ˲Ƽܣٶ֮˫ҪҶƨ͸ӲҪ˵˸ʥˡ
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ڵܹӵһ飬ҶֱﶼЩɣϾʲôˡ
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˵˴֮ûǣߣԼţ˴֮ǣߣôǣ˭أ
ȡսڵ񽣣һ̰ûгҶﶼ֪Լ֣ҪȻԲԼ
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һģ˽һֱƿΪҶ˽⣬ҪƵ󣬱ڲʼⲿʼĻôһ˿ܶûС
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ϣҶȻѡֱӽڣŪǣǰֲܳ󣬷ǸҶᡣ
ʵ˴ʥﻹǺܼɵҶģֶûսʤս죬ջųǿսѹʷ塣
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768 ⻹
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Ű˴ʥķŭתڣٿ˿ĹԶƽƺһƵġ
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žתҶĹ㲻ܹѾģúùȱүо͸㣬ʱĩա
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һؽԾ޾Ĳ񷽣Ųһƫеȫڵĳһϡ
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ܵҶҲûдŰ˴ʥ뿪Ϊ֪ܵ߸ҿ֮ǰϲֻҪǲ۵ģһǰ
Ҷ뷨ȫȷģһܰˣͬһʱ佫˻еԼµǰ֮ȷûһ˸һ䣬ȽֻҪӽˮɵBôͲƴԼҪҲҪԼĵġ
ۿԼµİʥҶȷһ£ǾΰиûʲôҪȻҲһֱӲ
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769 ˸һ
ۿŽµİˣҶ޲ھɱ˰˸ڹꡣ
Ҷֺ֪Լɱ˽µİˣϾźܶҪǡ
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ޱȵĵĮýмһţǷղԼһ̫ˣѵѰ˱Լľһˣ
裬ҪӰУӮ
ڻѵüëȻҶһ֮ҪȻӲޱȣ³ĻҲ쳣
Ҷȴǵ°˵ĻһƨȻһƨôٷҲˣһƨƽϣҶ첻ȥΡ
ǲгΪʲôʹ
Ҷ֪ǣ˵ԼһսʹõĳǴӺζֻҪ֪˳䣬ôĻָʹҲ˲両ˮ档
ǰ˻˵ʵҶҲµİ˲˵ǰ˵ΪѾﵽʥ۷壬Ҷʹѻˡ
ս¼֮һѻ깦˲֪һԺ֮еκμ䣬ѻһǰᣬǾΪ̫ࡣ
ΪҶͣͬǶʥҶҲž԰սѻ꣬ǽµİˣȴǰʥ۷ǿߣû˿İա
һһԼѻѲԺ֮еļ䣬ôпܱɣѻ깦ķ֮൱µġ
˵Ҷһ̶԰˴ʥ۷ʹѻĻһ˴ʥ۷ַһҶ³ֻһ˲ɢ
Դս¼֮ѧѻͨҶҲûһʹѻķ̫֮ǿ޷ܡ
˴ʥȻ˭ҲûлشֻɱĿǰĺ꣬пܣ˻ԥɱ
ʵ˴ʥһޱȵĻںޣܹ˼ɣôûд˿̵һУ˵ǰĺҲͲվǰˡ
˵˸һ
˸һȻҶûȷ˵İ˸ţǰ˴ʥȴ˵İ˸ţǰħ˴š
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ҲŹңϧĿһ۽µİ˴ʥҶеֻЦ֪պαص겻ǰֽѹҲֻذ
һ뵽˸ССʥȻܹʹһҶй˵ŭ⣬ɱĲݡ
Ҫɱ˰ˣҶ컹ҪĻٿҲ뿴ĸҪԸԼΪܹȡһ˻Բ򵥡
˭ǵĳҲʵڶ顣
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˴ʥȻҲŴ˵֮е򣬿ǰȴ˭ҲûмԼҲһ졣
ǰĺܹһƵǰֲµ󣬶һ֮ǰشôҲͿ֪Ҫ԰˴ųֵĻ󣬿ֵܹסȴûС
ǽĳ㣬ǷԷߣ
ĵǣǰĺǰ˲ϾҶһ֮شǰˣǰ˴ʥھ˸׵ĸɴ
ԡ
ȻһԸ⣬ǰ˴ʥǼ䲻Ը˵һսеĳʥظǵġ
ȻʵҶ뵽Լ˴ʥһսҲԼ֮ĶԹʥȴһ˰ˣʲô
Ҷеһ˿ɻǣʥصĳԽԼ׻ɱʷ壬ǰȴûС
Ҷµİɱ֮ģôԲ׷ŹȻûгֽɱǽԼѹʷ֮£ô˵ʥزɱ
ȻʥѾ˶ԸԼôΪʲôֲɱԼأҶֻ뵽һܣ񺣣Ҳֻн񺣣ʥزŻ˼ɡ
ʥΪʲôҪǣʥ֮ǲʲôԼ
ûУУҲʥԸС
˵ĺܶԣǲ֪ΪʲôʥؽǣΪʲôҪԸ㣬ǰ֮Ը㣬ʥص˼


770 ٴ
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Ѿ֤ʵԼеĲ²⣬ڽµİ˴ʥҶҲû˿Ĺ˼ɡ
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˿ܵΧߣҶ췢һȥֱѩƺͣһ£źҶӰҲʧԭء
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ԶĿһۣЩɱǷҵһУһӱûġ
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ҶһޱȵţǰʥһսȻ޷ɱ̶ȣҪնɱʥûһ⡣
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Ҷ쵱¹ѪģԼֻܴһĲݣ֮еЩͨӣҶ϶֣ǶǰˣҶض᳹׻ɱ
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Ҷ죬Ȼøţ㵱Ϊһٶ봳ʹĵط𣿡
ϴˣξԲᡣ
˼ȻͷʥɫȫˣΪǲɵӣܹҶϸܵһӴϢ
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ŴǰϺȻıɱʥ´ͨڣ˵ɫ˲䣬һ˼Ŀǰĺꡣ
ʥһףΪʲôҶ컹ڶζˣΪҶѾӵ˶ŵʱɱϣʥﶼȻһǾ֮УĻûһҶĶ֡
һҶŶ೤ʱ䣿һ˶û׻ɱ꣬ڣ֣ôκһսĻôֻһɱ´ͨҲʵû뵽ᷢչӣƺһж֮ˡ


771 Ϊ
£ҿԷŹš
ҶĻո£ĺ´ͨȻ֣һһ˲ɱ̫ϳϣҶҲûţȡ˲ӳ
̫ϳϵעȫҶϣû뵽ԼڲȻڼ顣
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ǶˣˣԺҵˣŵˣµһŵˡ
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ΪҶ֪Լʦڻ֮Уһֱ֮УֻطȽˡ
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ȫĲһضƺһռѷ֣ͳһռѷ죬Ҷֱʹռ˲ͨʧԭء
пռ֮ڣҶҲû˿ĳɣֱӳнĹȥһпռҶ죬пռ˵ᳵ·
нĹ֮ǰҶͣ½ŲǰĿռ䣬ҶȻԼʵѾǿɻûдﵽ࿹ĵز
ҶͬһƣǾнĹʵԻٵнĹ
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ΪֻҪ뿪нĹһôнĹͻᱻȴ򿪣ʱžͻͿ̿Ѫɺӡ
Ҷ֪е£ȻȻпռ䣬нĹԭΪڣԼнĹڿս
ǼǰһνнĹʱʵҪɱôܵĻᶼûС
ȫһˣӵ㹻ʵ㹻ţԻҪɱȴǲܵġ
һҶֱӽнĹһΣҶƾԼĸӦһʱҵ䡣
ǰǿߣҶû˿ĸеأҪ˵񣬾ҶҲһüͷ
Ȼˡ
˷ȥѵͲһٻ𣿡
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֮УΨһŮԣˮڻش֮ûж֣ΪţԲǳһһɳ죬ͬţʵǿ֮һ𳹵׷ӡӡ
Ƿӡӡ
Ҷ컹ΪԼˣпռ䣬ҪΪԼʦʲôƨӡƨ£ȫˣθɣ
ҶΪǰǲӽˮˣԼĵ˰æӡԼİæôͲӽˮˣԼӽˮˡ
ޱһǰҶЩĮ˵ƾʲôô϶һǡ
ĻЦˣЦ֮гţ˵Ц֪ΪʲôҶжʱֲõԤС
֮УһλкȻһ꣬е꣬ҶȻһʱɱ
ʦкȻֵʦŵգԼǸͽӷ
ȷſҵʦ
Ҷޱȱ䣬֮´Ķħһ㣬һֺǵĸоǼɵеʦ˵Ҷˡ
ҶһȴΪһһĨɱôԼʦǳȥĻᶼûС
е꣬㲻ᷴ԰ɣ
е꣬ڴЦһҳԶӣҶʵû뵽¶޳ܣǰҲˡ


772 ȼ
Ұӹ̷ӡ뽫ʦҡ
ΪԼʦҶԼֻίȫϾԼܹӵĵزʦİġ
ЩʱҶյԼһ㿴Ե콫մ֮ʱҶŻǱɱ졣
Ϊʦץ˻ȴû뵽ȻʦŵнĹӶҪЮԼӹ̷ӡ
ҶϿȷ콫ʦ꽻ԤıģﻹԼڵĽǼӹ̷ӡĹؼ
ƺܹҶһ룬漴˵˵ʵҲֻʱӡӡҪ׷ӡȴǸܡ
ǧ꣬Ҫ׼ӹӡҵǿ
ҵңΪǽ񺣵ˣΪŽ񺣵Ĵ𣿡
ǿȻҶ첻֪绹ʲôǿΨһ֪ǣԼӵеĲ񷽣Ϊǿļ֮һ
Ҫ֪ҶӵеĲ񷽣ںܶǿں϶ɣǽ񺣵Ĵ֮ȣΪǿġ
ֻҶ޷׵ǣԼںϺĲ񷽣Լ֪⣬֪˾Բᳬǰ˾Բ֪
Ҳ²ˣǵսֻ֮һ֪ȻҪе꣬Ǿ͸Ͽӹ̷ӡɡ
ȻҶҲֻ뵽ˣʱеȻҪңϿ뿪
뿪нĹԼʦԼʦԵҶܹ
֮ǰҶѾ˾ΰԼȥԼҲҪȳʦ
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ҶһнĹʱÿһжϣԲŻ᲼Ҷ
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ղȳԼʦҶֻһսΪԼ뿪һпռ˴ȺԼ
Ҷ׼սʱеȻ俪ʼǿҵĲȼգΪԼĵӣһȻѡȼա
ΪԼôԼɵҲԲȥֲµĴ󣬲Ҫ˵Ҷ죬ҶΪٽһҲ޷ֵ
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Ҷ֪ͬŵ̫ϳѾȫԼɱֻҪٻɱôԼ֣ʱҲ군ˣڵ죬һȥ𣬽Ż


778 ŭ㲻ŭ
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Щνǲ֮Уɽһʵ벻ͨԼ׷Ҷ׷ĺúõģôɽĵˣ֪ǽɽĵ̣ǣҲ˲תͷȥ׷׷꣬ʲôԼЩĹƨ


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пռ䣬ҶҲЩ겻ѣڲǰʦԶ뿪Ҳ˱ڡ
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ոտˮ̶Ҷɫ˲䣬ΪʵȻ޷ֵˮ̶֮ɢϢ
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֪Ҷǽ񺣵ˣԽӵнԼӣϣԼܹԸ
ˮ̶м䣬һɫӰˮ̶룬ȻɫӰֻߣˮ̶֮Уͺһ㡣
еİȫһηˮ̶ǰҶ˺ʮ۾ĶǰһУΪɹôӵеڶ
ʥؿռ֮ڣҶõ˵һ֮һʥصڣʵĳǬ
ֻҪԼĴں˽飬ôͻֵڶǬͬǣҶֱڶ޷ʹǬ
ǶĴȴȫͬĴ񽣱ǽ֮ͬʱĴ飬Ĵޱܵϵ
ˡˡ
ʱĴ񽣺Ȼݺݲɢһ˿˿֮ݲ涼Ӳʧ
̶֮ڵĽ飬춯Ҳɢһ˿ĴɢĽһƺ̸ʲô
ʱĴ뽣̸ϣҲһ£뿪˽̶̶Ĵ񽣡
Ҷ漴𺳵鷢ˣĴ񽣾ȻںϣûеҶ췴ӦĴѾȫںһγһɫ񽣡
Ĵںϣ
ǹŽ漣ΪԴӽڽɱ뿪֮󣬳Ĵһֱڽ񺣣Ĵܡ
ԼͬʱĴ飬ҶţĴὫĴͬʱԴӵõĴ֮ҶϰĴ񽣷ֿ
һ̣Ĵ񽣾ȻȫںˣպҲûĴ񽣣ֻһ񽣣ר񽣡
Ĵ񽣸ոںϣһߵĽƺѵȴֱɫڣû˿Ĳƺ֮ǰһУûзһ㡣
Ҷȴ֮ǰĴѲڣһ̵ĺɫѾһ
񽣣Ҷһ뵽ģԴںڵ֮ӵ˲񷽣ϲ񽣣ҶЩȲ


784 Χ
ǰ֣һס˲񽣵Ľ
һ˿ֲĽֱӶ˲佫Ҷȫ֣Ҷȴû˿ľȣΪɽȻӿޱȣǶȴû˿ĵ⡣
ɢĽƺͺͻص˼һ㣬ҶڵĲ񷽣ںϣҶȫ
ֻǶݵһ˲䣬ҶΪѾӶǽʥ֮ǽʥ֮Ҷ½ᷴԼ˵һֱӳϽ֮пܡ
˲̫̰ģҪʿɶֹܹһҶ˵Ѿܲˣ뽣֮Сһ
ںϣĽһ
񽣣һԼĳ˲֣ҶžԵţҲһս
ȻΪûͻ֮ɳϾǳֲһУֱΪҶһ㡣
񽣣Ҷ쿴˿ܣӡ⣬ȳ忪ӡΣʱҲŵ鷳
뿪пռ䣬Ҷʵû뵽ʦȻԼôһݴ񣬽飬Ĵںϱɳ
뿪пռ֮Ҷٳȥӵ˳񽣣Ҷһ뵽ľǾȳ
ƻ裬Ҷһλѣħ˹ףչ׵˵˵ʵǿֲ
ڿֲʲô̶ȣ˾ȻԺʥضŸɾѾԿ˵ʵΡ
Ҷȴ֪жԿʥصʵôôҲһֱڰˣͺʥһ
Щʱ˵ԼʵԼһʵ˸ʥضŸɣҶ컹Ǻ͵ġ
û뵽ȻܼѣԵְ
Ե֣ݺݵıһĻӣҶ᲻֪ռ䣬׾ǿҪԼˡ
ȻԼʥ֮ҲһЩԹټүүĹϵôպԼʥرضˮݣҶҲܼˡ
Ҷ컹ûȫŪף˵ǸʲôĴڣڶҶûԼҪһӪ
֪к£
ԼˣҲֵܣ׼Χ塣
ڹ˵ԼˣҶû˿⣬Χʱɫ΢Щ仯
壬Сڵļ壬½Ϊǿ֮һԴצû֮Ҳǰķˡ
ɾΪ½Ϊǿ֮һʵȻڣʥҲδظ˵Լһܹ塣
ѵѾǿ󵽣ſԳ׻ˣһ㣬Ҷţûų壬ô
ƺҶеɻ󣬹ЩԺ˵Ϊ˶Ը壬˳ʮ񣬻һ޷壬½Ҳûܹˡ
֣ҶҲʵһʮʵֱÿֲݡ
֣֪֮䵽ʲôԹȻҪ˼ȫڡ
ƺ±һ㣬ҶߣС˵Ҷ죬ҵԼ˲˵ģɲҪҴȥ
Ҷû˵ɫѾ˱飬ƺҲ֪Լ˵ˡ
׿ҶĵһۣѾ֪ӾǳԲŻҶλʵû뵽ǣټ꣬Ѿһʵʥˡ
Ŷʱ䣬֪ηˣΪˣ׶Ҷֱ֪޲Ŀĺܼ򵥣˵ʲôҲҪˡ
˽壬Ϊ߻ܣκ˶й¶һǰ㣬Ϊ£Ҷ죬ײϧһдۡ
Ҷ죬֮Χ壬ΪǵõһȷϢ֮ͨͨ
ͨ
ָҶѾ֪ͨڣܹȷһ㣬ǾͨԲ֮ڡ
ѵͨ
һ㣬ҶҲȻѾ֪ͨڣǶһУҶһֻ֪֪ɽɽǸʲôģһ֪
ðôΣΧ壬϶˰ٷ֮Ϣ˭Զû¸ɣһȺΪУҪ֪һһֻλȽϣһ£Ҫǿ󣬶Ҿķ½֮϶ǳġ


785 ڼ
ǴõϢͨ
Ȼ˲еĵû¸鷳Ҷ컹ǿʵϾ¿ɴС
Ҳ֪ⶼǸ߲֮Ѿ飬Щʸμӣܹõͨٺ١
ЦݣȻûн˵꣬е˼ԲֻҪҵֱͨ׾١
һֱ½ʥأɫʣʶ̲סջ󣬴ڶǰ졣
ҶֵܣҿҲûʲôɸɣһΧ壬ʱֻҪҵͨ˵Ҳǰ
ڹԼȻѾ׳ôһջ󣬲ǰĺ޶ԣֻҪߣҾа취ԹԾͷ
룬Ҷ᲻֪ȴԸϵֻһҲʶʶ֮ײ
Ҷли뷨Ǿͨڲ壬֪Ǹͨʲôϵ
˵ͷҶҲû˿ѣ˵˿Ҿ͹Сʵ΢ʱŲó
ʹӦԼжʱһϲܹõôһǧǷӢ˵һܺõĺ󱸾
һʮ˿ȥԴצʧ֮Ҳʼû䣬˳˴½̨ǧṳ̂½һ
Ȼ˳˴½ⲢͿ۸Ϊ½ǿ֮һνǼ
ǿ壬һȳΪ½һ壬ڵצǿҲһ㲻塣
һצʧȫı䣬צΪʲôʧڴ½Ȼһյףܹ⿪
ɾ廹һҲ쳣ǿ󣬺һȻȲצһ壬ȫʤʱڣһֹǿߣ㽫һͷ˹
Դצһʧ֮󣬺һ˳ĳΪһ壬峤Ҳɺһ嵣Σ˵һ峤һֻλ൱һǿߡ
Ϊ˶Ը壬ɳλʮλʵνǿֲҪ½κһţκε⡣
½Ͽ޵еĴڣһ׻ٵʮţˣҲûʮİա
Ź׵Ĵ·Ҷҵ䣬һ޴ɽڣûеҶ˿ѾܵһɹɿֲϢ
ɽȻŰ׾룬ҶѾܹԶľ֮ϣʮϷţźͻƽ
֮ڣצͺ߹ģҲʵΪǿģǰ֮࣬Ǻ֮ľ
ʮҶ֪һ˲ûжչΧϾûо԰֮ǰҲġ
֮⣬ʱҶŷ֣˽ˣаʮʮʥʣԼʡ
ߣЩɵĿǰȣȻȴҲ֪֮Ҳͬλ
Ҷո֮ʱ֮ͬʱ߳󺺣󺺶֮
ҶҲЩһ֪ǺһǿߣҲλλҲ˵ɳλƺռơ
Ҫ֪ͬȼޣһ£޵ʵҪǿϺܶ࣬ǰλ񣬾ȻǺһ壬ǿߡ
ҽв˹٣峤֪λкιɣ
ԭγȵ󺺣峤˹λ˹ǣ˹ɳλֱǶŷɣ½ơ
½ǰһĮ˵峤ãҽк½˳ϣǰмϣ峤æ
û˿ı仯˹ٱϾ峤λǿߣǰվλ˹û˿ľš
½ˣʲô˵ܹ쵽һƴǡ
Ȼ峤˵ˣҲٽ飬˵֮һͨһ֪ͨ峤Σ
½Ļ峤˹ɫͨ飬뼸λ֪⣬˸֪һֱܡ
ǰλǳͨҲ˵ڼ飬ǲ˹ٸ޷ܵ顣


786 ȱԲ
֪ڼ飬ǲ˹Ҳֻš
ڴеǰȻȰڣһ̸֪ڼ鵽˭˶Σȴ˵ҳڼ˭
˳½̨Ѿܶ꣬˲Ҳ˵ԭһֱల£ڷ£κ뿪һ
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Ҫ֪ͨ飬峤֮⣬ʣµֻи峤ڵĸλϡ
½пŪˣ֮ʲôͨ
ο˵Ĳ峤˹٣վڲ˹ߵһλϲ˹ǣҲͬһֻλ
˹ǳϵĻ½ЦһѾģӶˣͨѾھȻ˵Ϲ
˫̥ȴκεĵ⽣Ӱһ޲ýԷ̻ɱǰȴļɵŶԷ
峤˵Цˣֻǽһͨѣʮ죬ʮ֮ǲὫͨԭⲻĻ壬һһ
һһ
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ϲռʽıиǰҲǳľֻڶ౦֮еһˡ
ҶСˮֻһֻʵǿĺȫǵ֪ΧڸӲҪ˵ˡ
ҶСвҴӦ֮Űͼȥ⿪ӡȻûйȥ꣬ҶѾȾȳ֮ȥ֮еĺӴӡ
ڰͼҶѵõԴӵõͼһֱս֮ڣûл򿪿һͼʲôá
ҶΨһ֪ǣԼеİͼһȵ⿪ӡ֮ͺúõоһͼ
½Ȼ˵Ҫһȡͨͺһؤһͷȥ׸ҫһ㣬㿴ҶǮ
ʵؤ֪׸һɵӣһӽˮ¿߹ɵӡ
һ̵ĺ½ƺûʶԼ˵˻ǰλλЦţһʱ֮ɢһ˿˿ɱ
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԰ôȱº½ʶԼ˵˻ȱֱͺûʲô
һ̣½ֱԼӣʲôãƫƫȱ˭֪ı࣬ԿԳ֮Ϊ˫
һ˵廹ῴҪλΧ壬Ψһĳ˳
λﶼ֪еĳ壬ôʱҪ˵ˣܲܰȫ뿪ȶһ⡣
Ҫ֪޵ʵҪͬȼµǿһô֪
֮ǰ۳Ľǣܹ;ҪϾҲŪܾˡ
ʼնڤ粻Ļô˲κεԥֱӴų壬ռȣͨ
峤ֻҪ㽫֮ڵͨʮ죬ֻҪ忪ڣǱض쵽
Ȼͷβ˹ٶû˵ǲ˹ٸոһѾ³ʲôϾ½ܹͬʱɳλҲô
ħ뽣񺣴ȥ˼壬֮ʥҲᣬôֻʣһͷ¶βˡ
λ峤޷ͨǣ˵֪ͨΪʲôð˷ᣬҪ֪ʵǺܿµġ
Ҳδظôǿʵ͸½ˣôҲһֱڰͺ͵֮һ㡣
ЦһڵıǶ˹ʵ󲻵Լ廹ʲôȱģ˼ǰҲһ
½ʵڲ˼Ѿ˳½ôһֱڴˣ֮ڵȷûʲôͨҲͲ鷳ˣûʲô룬λϿ뿪壬Щʱ̫ϲˣһиʲôͻǾͶ˭ҲˣΪأ½


787 ǧ
˹ٵĻѾԲˣ
λ峤һĶŭǵ֪ھȻڼ飬ڼ黹ڵĸ߲㣬ǰ˲ϵƣֱ̡
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ȻûĹ涨ڴ½ȴûκ˸̤һƺѾΪ½Ľһ㡣
ʵĿãûצʵޱȵǿһ£˲۸ȵҡ
ɽ죬˲ȣһǴģҪǰȣԿ峤Կ
ˣ˵ѳ֣ð壬ǾѾж̣ȴˣһλ·
߲һΪﵽ˵Ⱦ磬һǻصǿߣʱܹ˴УҲҪ൱Ĵۡ
Բ˹˼ǰջǾ֣ϾԷλǿߣ˭˭Ӯһ

峤µ½λɫ˲ת䣬ϱһɹɿֲɱʲôˣǿߣʲôʱ¹
ΪߵǿߣߵﶼˣȴֱӾǸߣΪܵˡ
½Ҫ֣
λɢǿɱ˹ɫҲһ䣬ô˵ԷֵĻȿ»ꡣ
Ϊ峤˹ٲòȿǣ֮ڵҪػ꣬ôԵⱲʧ
˵ĺֻǽͨʮ죬Ҳɵӣʮ죿ȥĶҪǸһ顣
ǽʮ֮󣬾ͨ壬ôĺô˭Ҳұ֤Բ˹һ˲ѾôڵͨԸˡ
Σѵ峤Ϊ廹ǰ𣿡
ҲѾ̬ȼֱһһٰʮȴת䣬ȻѾ˺ôҲҪڿʲôʵڲоʹϣһֱǽ÷
ǰ壬һҲˣצػ壬ԿԳ֮Ϊ½һ塣
Դצʧ֮Ҳʼû䣬ʵǲʤǰȻźһػҲǴ½һǿˡ
һȻһɾһոջ֮ϲϷʮȫʧ֮ڡ
֮Ķսжôֲ˫λﶼ¾һನҲԻɱһ߻һ
˹ʮȫص֮ڣ½Ҳû˿ԥ󼸰˵ȫ뿪ǧ֮⡣
һ£߾һȺƷһ㣬ٵĺˣһգۣǧ֮⣬һд˷ܵĿԶļĴս
ӣλΪǿ֣峤˹½ΪԴﵽ
ˣΪﵽ˶֮һչӵпռͨùӵѹռͨƹӵѿռͨ
˵һһĻôƾſռͨôԻɱһ
˫һ˲Ѿĺ½Ĳ˹ٶսսǶԶǣǶǡ
Ҫಫ𣿡
ͷ˹Ȼ뿪սô˵ﶼȣ֮ڶĵӣ֮Ĵսһ꼰㣬ôǳǧˡ
ʵԼʵ˹ޱȵţΪ峤һǺ峤һתǹǷѾﵽһֲĵز
ԷȻҲǲ˹ǿţսʤһԼսƻʵ̫ˣһȾͻᱻ
¶һ˿Цڲ˹룬½᲻֪ץסһ㣬Ż޼ɵıǰĴ󺺡
սΣ򲻹˳ͲһˣֻҪ˹ʲôʧôȴĽֻһ˳׻
峤Ѿ˵ֻҪڵͨʮ죬ֻʮ죬ôεĴսȫ⣬˸ԴӦһ£ᣬź峤Ѿ˾ϡ
һǧʹһͷΪ峤˹ΪѣΣⶼһ裬һ衣


788 ջ
Ϊѡ
峤ǧʹɻ٣屻Σһǧʹһʧأȥڡ
峤Ұģ彻ͨµʱҲϾɱһս
˹˽սϾһǧʹһͷ峤ô
ʱ򣬲˹ߵλȴսȻ֮峤ߣǳʱҲ峤ľ
ֹغĴƣ峤һ˵㣬λ峤˵֮˹Ҳ
λϵĻ½ɫٴ˼֣ʵں½Ҳ忪սȻɶûдﵽӵĵز
ɫһ˹ƺѾ¶˾һ㣬Ŀǰˣ˵ΪϣΪǧʹһսս
׳ա
峤û˵꣬½λ˵ͬʱѾģʲôʹʲôԼȽЩǹƨ
λıģ˹ٴһֱӳź½۶ٶ֮죬գ۹򣬲˹Ѿ˺½ǰ
˶֮˲˭Ҳûжÿռ֮Ϊ֪ȶԷĿռ֮΢ǿһЩҲûʲôô
˫ֶƣһɹɿռ֮˳˵岥ɢȥ֮һ磬λҲ˺󼸲
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ɫѾ䵽˼㣬½Լû뵽峤ʵȻֲˣȥԼҪ峤ֱǳ롣
˹٣ѵĲ
ߣɲָֻţ˼ȻôҪõͨôҾһ̡
ȻѾ˴սô˹پѾû˺֮ǣ˸һЩۣ˵ʲôҲҪεðȵȫɱ
Ѿ˳½ô꣬Ҳûַκˣƣղȫɱô˼סϲַ
˵֮󣬲˹ٸ½˿˵Ļᣬֱٴη½ֱһ飬峤ʮ˴ˡ
ʣµҲûţϸԵĶ֣һ£˫֣ļֱذǺ
Ϊģܼ֮ڵĿռƺѾʼңӵеǿռ֮֮УΪ͵ﵽ˶֮
Ҳ˵λԽռ䣬һѹռѿռ䣬ģôȴĽҲ˲䱻ҿռɱ
ǧ֮⣬Զ֮ĴսҶǸ˷ܣ֮Ĵսһѧϰĺûᡣ
ҶֵܣպˣֵҿԱ֤ʱһҸʦٺ٣Լһ룬иʦȻò˶ҲͿԳΪ֮λˡ
Ҷ쿴²ʱ򣬹׺ȻһЦݣߵҶߣջ˵Ϊţջж
ϣԴʴڶ뿪½֮ΪǿĴڣܹӵһʦÿһ߶顣
Լ׳ôһ˵棬ֻҪˣֻҪΪ½ǿߣţ˭ԥĴӦԼĴӦԼ
ɽù׸еҳƵǣֻǵĮĿһԼǵĮޱȵ˵ɹˣϲԼ
ɹˣϲԼ
껰е˼ʲô˭ΪˣײŻеһ˿ȣһΪʦǴ½ÿһ飬ǺȴԾܾˡ
Ҷֵܣոǲû˵Ļ˵ǣֻҪܹˣôʱͻӵһΪǿҶֵܣһǧѷĻᣬɲҪ
ô˲𣬹ΪʲôһΪʦأ
ҶĻ׵ɫһɫΪҲԸⰡҵʲУûҡ
Ҫ˵ˣܹһҲУһ뵽ЩԼƾŬĵزǸడ
ص̾ϢһЩû˵ҶǻῪЦܹһΪʦΪôװôףϵʦж١


789 ⼮
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ҶȴԹ˵ʲô˫ıףôҶԥѡһߣΪģֻΪСڶѡ
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֪ΪʲôҶȻԵ޹˵ôһ䣬ո˵ڣҶ챾ҲССһ£Լ⵽ôˡ
ȻһֱΪ£ԼЩҶ֪иԵѴһûʦ£ܹﵽ˵ȵزҲס
ײ֪ΪʲôȻôԼֻЦЦû˵ʲô뿪ˣ뿪ĹףҶҲͬЦЦ
ռ˲ͨҶӰֱʧԭأûȥĶսֱӳ֮ڶȥ
Լĵռ֮ڣҶܹ֮ܵǿϢ˵Ҳ֪һһ׼һ
ڵ飬ҶֱͨȥͨʲôطҲֻ֪ҪأôҲ֪϶ˡ
ҶרϢֲĵطȥΪ֪һǿػϾǧʹʧ
Ȼת˽Ȧ֮ҶһСɽڷǿϢϢǿҶеЩ𺳡
ΪƾϢҶѾܹ϶ػɽȵֻλ൱ôҲ֪ɽȾͨɡ
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ҶĻո£ɽƾ߳ߣһһҶǳˣΪ߲˵϶Ǻһǿߣǽأ
צ߾ȻצһģǰצѾʧ½֮ϣôһֻ
ǰֻצҶΪѾֻצˣΪһǿߣһֻλ֮צǺǿġ
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ĵ˵ͷǰλǿߣҶû˿˵ǣǰȣҪΪ
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˹һһһߵԺݺݵĲһ£ɫ䣬ô֪Ҹ׵ģ
ףԭ˹پǰߵĸףѹҶһۿȥ;ô˹ٵĳôƣֱͺһģӿ̳һ㣬ԭǸ
ҶҲû˿ֱӽʥ飬һһʮȫ˵˳ĻǰǴ󶯡
ҽ˹λǲ˹
λǰãֻҪͨλ˹үүϣҽȥ
˻˵ɫٴһ䣬˹Щε˵ͨһֱܣҲػ֮õʹԸ׼κ˽뵽С
֮ãԭػͨѾ꣬ǧ꣬Ҷ޷뵽ǣΪʲôûз֡
ô˵֮һֱûгֹһʣֻҪλԸ⣬ôΣػ֮ͨõ˭أ
ڳڿͨҲɽҪͨ
¶һ˿ΪѣһԼֵܵӣһػǧ֮õʹһ̣߸Ϊѡ
߻ǾҶ룬ԭܼ򵥣Ҷ˹٣ϵצѾҪ֣˹Ļô½צֻʣһˡ
õߵϿɣҶжʱһϲΪڵõۣ֮ͨľͷ
ܹﵽۣ֮ľͷʱܲ˳춼һ⣬ôһͨô˻ˡ
Ҷ죬ȻѾӦͨӦһ£򲻿ܵġ
ǰ˵
ػͨû˵ڵ˽ͨҪͨ壬Ҳ⼮ߡ
⼮ߣҶ⼮߲Լ壬ǹҸѣһŵ⼮һ㡣
ڽһ㣬Ҷû˿ԥӦΪһֱźøУСڻ˹٣һԱүүйϵ


790 ս
Ϊ⼮֮ҶҲû˿ĳɣֱӳǰɽȶȥ
ͨһڵĺɫȦһɫĹſɫȦϣԵЩ
ս׻Ҷֱ߽ɫȦڣɫâһҶӰҲʱʧԭء
ɫâٴ˸ҶһƬ֮ϣܿտҲĿռ䣬Ҷеһ뵽ľǣ죿
ڳ֮Ҷļǵã֮ʾһɽ죬ȻʾôҶţɽԼһŹ
Ҵ½ϵڶҲ죬˵ܼԼڽɱʣ½ĵһǿߡ
ںϣҶʱʱ̿СţϾ죬½صһطʶջ
ҳʾҲ죬һ˵ʲô
Ĺţ֮ڣҶһţĿģϾԼ˵һжİġ
ʱԶȻһռ䲨һҶɫҲ΢һ£Ϊɲս˫ʵǿ
û˿ĳɣֱչռ˲Ƽܣһ˲ֱӰף˲ֻУҶڿս˫
һһſ󺺣֮ԶǱĿŶԷȻû¶һ˿ɱҶȴܹϸֲܵܿɱ⡣

ҶǳױˣҪ֪Ĵ½֮ϣ˶ħλ֮⣬½Ҳûκһ
뿪½ǰʱ򣬴еڶħλҲոͻѣ򵱳Ҳѱߡ
ԼŸո죬ʱѾģѾ͵λһ֪˵ΪԴﵽ˶֮һʱ֮˭Ҳκβ˭
ۣ㲻Ҫ̫
ߺߣǣҪΪʳͲ֪뿪ĵشҿγܡ
Ҿ֪Ĺûаʲôģ¶ҰģѵͲ³Ϊ𣿡
УǻǲǽˮˣǱ¿һ£Ҿɱ˭֪ʱǻΪǱɱأ
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֣ҶһҲԶʥˣҲʵˡ
ޣۣ㻹֪ˣһֱúõֵ˵룬Żش½²ҪΪ˲֪
֪ΣѲĴҶһֲɣû˻ܹס˵ĹЦЦ
һܹʹʱǰܹʹʱֱֹܹӽʱˣ˶Ƕ𣬶ࡣ
۴󺺻ûн˵ֱ꣬ӱŭһٷʱ֮ǵٶȿνǴﵽһֲĵزҶĿռ˲ȽǸͲһϡ
Ҫ֪ҶһӵеĿռ˲ƼܣǿʶĳͨһʩչʿҲ޷κҶ֡
¶һ˿Цƺǵľٶһ㣬ʱֹ۴ĸָոڣҶоԼܵʱռȫֹˡ
Ȼ۴󺺲ǶԼʩչʱֹҶ컹Ǹеһѹÿµʱֹʱֹڣ¾һҲ޷֣Ǹʱ¾ɱ⴦ˡ
ȻҲһҲͬʱֹͨǶ۴ʹǻһ˲䱻ֹסˡ
д󾪣ʱǰûκεİ취ֻʹʱǰͨʱٴμӿ죬۴󺺵ʱֹȻûбƵʱֹҲ΢ɶһ˿
ǳһ˿ĻᣬֱƿʱֹٺʱֹͬͨκȴǣʱֹȴǶ۴󺺡
ɶ۴ȴû˿ĻţͬʹʱǰҲ˲ʩչʱֹ˵Ϊ࣬ʱ֮Ҳͬ࣬һʱ֮䣬˻ֲʤ
ĲۣԶۿҶȴˣǻ޵ǿߣôһҲʹ죬˭˭Ҳ㣬ֻҪС
ԶĶսҶȥһܣһ뵽ԼʵֻǸոմﵽǽʥ֮֮ûͻƣҶջ
ǸƣɾͱˣﰵλϿ꣬Ҳȥúòιһ죬νùôҲ𼶱ǿߣôȹҪһ򱶡


791 ոţ
˶Ƕ𣬶ʱ֮Ҳ޼һʱ֮仹ֳܷʤ
Ҷ컹ô˵Էλ𣬿ֻҪ΢ָͷԽԼ˲ɱ
ǽ񺣵ˣҶҲõʲôɺϣȻǻʥصˡ
ĿζԿˣûзȫģҶ͸Ӳ׳ȥˡ
ۣ㲻Ҫ̫
꣬ôˣôΰɣб㷴ѾģһװBӽ㲻ɣԺװB
۴ƺԽԽﻹһ²ͣţ¿ҶۣΪǶǸ߸ϵǿߣɷǣ˵һ秵ġ
ǰλ໰ƪһоʲô𣬶۴֮оҪ
ô˵Լһ۴ԼΪܹܵˣһɷҲٴչ˿Ĺ
ıˣҲѡͬھĴ򷨣жǲҪĴ򷨣һʱ֮䣬۴󺺾Ȼˡ
꣬ողǺܿΪʲôˣ񰡣ӽ㲻ġ
һߴһ¿ҵ˷йڣǵĲҪ򷨣ö۴󺺺ܲˣˣȻһһʱ֮Ҳûкõİ취
ոôţӣǱ
ʱռȻһ٩ǹĻǷصģȫͣ£һ𾪵Ŀܡ
ʲôˣǿߣ֮⣬޵Уʽ٣򲻿ܹӹǵϢ顣
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ַܿ²⣬ô˵ͨѾȣôʹٽˣ˵ֻһ
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꣬㲻Ǻбб¾ҳүֻᣬɵƼԲУȻ𣬻ȥ
ҶҲû˿ĿôˣֻҪǵжԹϵ˭Ƿסү·ڣҶ￴Ķս
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˶Դ˵ĶȴҪ֪˵ΪԴﵽ֮֮£ҪܿҲܡ
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𻺻ԼҶﰵһҲҵԼ


792 𣬽֮
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Ҷ컹ûн뵤ռ֮ǰڵλʱ٣ѸоΪˣ𾪲ѡ
ҶԭȵλãλɫصĿŶԷû˿ĳɣλʼͷϢҪƾֲϢöԷ
ϧʧˣΪҶ죬ӵеռҶ죬Ϣѹȣʱ֮Ҷûá
ռ֮ڣҶ¶һ˿ЦѾģҲҵүҲͬˡ
Լĵռ䣬Ҷޱȵţʱһҵĺ쳹أһ֮£Ҷ췢֮һĺ
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޷ߺޣΪˣʥؿνǲģԼͷβҲǾϹѣȴһ³
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ĴʲŹġ
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ӵгߣ֮ӵУϾ̫ϡˣԶ۴һ˲жϳпʵˡ
˿ĳɣ۴Ѿһգ۱㳹׵ʧھͷʱ򣬽ȴȫʧƾճһꡣ
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׳Լ֮λʥҲԤʾųһ죬ô½ǲ֪ˡ
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֮Ҫ֮ǿĶ࣬ҶĳҪڵȫһ۳Ϊ˲񷽣ҶҪ֮ϲ̫ܡ
ڵٵţһ˲䣬ҶϿϲΪڴ˿̣ٳδͻƵȻһͻƵ˵ڶ硣
һΪ󾳽磬Ҷţһ磬ÿһ磬ô֮ٶȻȶ
ڶ磬Ҷ֮Ҳʱ࣬ΪҲ֮ĲĶš
Ҷ챾ΪѾﵽǽʥ֮ȵʼ֮ҶΪ˲ͻǽʥ֮ﵽ˽ʥԲ֮
뽣ʥһˮ룬ֻҪܹôԳɾͽ֮λжʥԲǿ߶Ǳˮ֮ϣһֻź
һ̣ҶҲڽ뽣ʥķˮ룬Ҷ֮Ҫʥ֮Ӧò⣬Ŀֲ֮ǣһ΢ҶϾϲѡ


793 Ĵ
ûһ㣬ҶΪѾͻ˽ʥԲ֮ﵽһǽ֮
񺣵½߲һ½ϵΪﵽ֮ڱԼӤ
ǽ񺣵ĽߣΪﵽ֮ʱڱԼĽ飬ܹԼĽ飬ôԳߵľ硣
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ոһ֮ҶΪѾͻ˽֮Ҷȴû˿Ҫͣ˼֮
ﵽڶ磬Ҷ֮ٶҲӿ죬һʱ֮Ѿȫϡ
ҶΪҲɸոյһǽ֮ͻƵ˽۷ֻ֮һͻ֮֮ƿؿռ֮
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¶һ˿ϲǰԼһģһĽ飬ԼĴ飬ԵڣĴȻʵҲ˵൱ĸ
ĴԼôͬȼǿ߶սʣԼֱɱԷϾһ£˭˭Ӯһ֪
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ģԸһɡ
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죬һɽ壬ֱΪħ壬壬ʥط壬壬ɢ޷壬ռһɽ壬ÿɽǿ߷ֱǽɱʣʣʣʺͶħʡ
ʴڶǰ죬Ϊ½и˵ܹ߼İ취𾭲ջǰ졣
ʱûеõκΪİ취һͨǳһȺˣЩ˵ʵޱȵǿߡ
˿ĳɣæϢͳȥҲɥʧԼˣһЩҲ뿪˴½
ʵõϢû˿ĳɣȻƽʱЩϣ֣Ǳͬ飬ܽȥ
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˶Ϊڶ֣˺ܿͻᱻɱǵ˫սʱ˲ŷ˵ǿ
ˣҲ޷̤죬ڶҲ޷׻ɱˣҴҶţڶҲûٻش½
ʱĲƣʱжԹˣҲ쳪˶̨ϷڵһЩɢ֯ġ
ҲҹڷѣϾ˻ûȫˣһ˽½ô½ҪѪɺӡ
ΪԼɱ״ٴηûд֮ǰ˭ɱôõ˵Ѫȹ
Բ˭ȻƽʱҲʱĦɴûзѪҶһΣҲĵһΡ
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ۣʲôطѾǲǿˡ
ۣɲҪ˵ǵʵǴˣ˵ͳҲɱ𡣡
Ⱥ֮УЩһһģ۴κοڵĻᣬ˻ɱһ𣬶һһ¿ɴСȻԴսʼһҲȴûĲ׵ġ


794 è޺Ӽٴȱ
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һͳ켶뿪ͨ죬¿ɴС
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֮ԽȨϣΪϵʵǿΪϵ¸أԷڣһʱ֮䣬˵Ŀȫߡ
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ٵĳԭȵλöȥﶼһͳ죬λҲԽ˻ɱ
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Ȼ֮ΪѾͻƵ˽۷֮Ĵ飬ҶȴԼʵĶ֡
һλƾʵĴټϳ񽣣Ҷһһսܡ
λûзҶټȻǰȥȵλ뿪֮ҶӰٴγ֡
۴󺺣û뵽Ȼҧһڣ޳ܼˡ
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ҶѾӦֻҪԼܹ֮ôضѩޣζɱ۴󺺡
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ЦһǼȻˣҵҪ㵽׻ôҶҲûм·ǳԭ·ء
ܿ죬ѾԭȵλãѾʬ壬϶¶һ˿ʹʵÿﶼ֮Уʥصλ֮⣬˶Ǽʰˡ
Ȼж˭ҲûƣϾ˻ûгȥɢһɢ
ɢˣô˾ͻ½ʱ½Ϳ̿Ѫɺӣµʱ½
Ȼˮݣɲô˵Ǵ½һӣȴˣԲ̣ʱ²Ź
ʦǷǱɱ
ʱʥȻָʬ˵˻۴һѾĿôϸ˼˼ˡ
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˵˵ţ۴󺺾Ȼ˫۲ñҶ쿴ûаҶӼ޳ܵģȴûмô޳ܵġ
˿۴ˣǸӰôҪãҲܻȥˣھȻè޺Ӽٴȱ
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˵ļǣִȥͳ죬ܵ


795 Ƥ
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Լҵͳ죬۴ʵǲ֪ʲôطȥңҪҵλصǿ߸̫ܡ
Ƕ۴ȴֲܶ˵ʲô˵ԼҲôһỳԼʱɾ鷳
Żֵ֧֣ĻǻҲסϾ޷һĵز
ոͳ͵ϮֵʱҲûпĿҲ֪ȥʲôط
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Ҫ֪۴󺺲ô˵һôԷòûп˵ֱ̫ˡ
۴ȴû˿ᶨ˵ҿԿ϶ͳ컹û뿪ǷֿѰΣ
Ȼлһɣûȷ֤ǰ˭Ҳ˵ʲôֻεĵ˵ͷϾ˵졣
ֳʱ֮գֻҪһ£ȥ֧Ԯ
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ӦԼضΪΪѾͻƽ۷壬ĴֻҪ͵ϮҶž԰ս۴󺺻ɱ
ô˵ԼлһΪ𣬶۴󺺲û˿о˸ԼֻɫЩˬš
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ﲻҪˣԼҲͻɱ𣬵˭ƻԼĺ£ȻҲ䣬ȴ˿Լ͵Ϯȫ̡
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۴˼ôʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһֲϴεĽһģһǳ
ִ٣۴һʱ֮û׼ãʱϵķֵǶСҶһ
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ǿڷڵѪ۴ɫЩֵĿܣԼԵ޹ˣ˼ҵӰӶϡ
ıŵˣΪҪɱԼҲܲ¶ܹɹɱһ뵽ʱһӰӸԼʱܻɱԼĶͷϿʼð
ǰ֪ŭǰ˵
ˣǰֶ˵˳ϾȽǱȽҪΣǵȴȴϢ
ռ֮ڣҶЦ죬ѾľһƤӣӸո㣬Ȼֻ̬ãǼƤʲô
ɤӣҶֱ˵Ƕ𣿡
¶һ˿ϲֻҪԷ˵ôһоͺðˣ¶ԷһԼԹǿɾ鷳ˡ
Ҫ¡
ǰ˵
ȸҽ顣
˵ĻЩƣ˾Ȼ֪飬ҲûжʣϾԼС˼׬ء
ǰһΪ½һɢޣֵˡ
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¶ˣ죬Ȼ֪ˣģҲ̫ܳ˰ɣ˵һռ䣬Բбɱ¾Ϊϲãֵֵ˵ƿͨ½ˡ
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796 
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ǿߵĻ۴ƺΪԼһ㣬ϾǿߵʵҪɱһǻ練Ƶ顣
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ǶܿͷԼ룬ǿΪʲôҪݺԼϾԼʵǿߵĶ֡
ǰ֪ħˣ
ɵϣȻȥɱһɱ˶ħôԼҪΪĹС
һ仰˵ԼǲǶħĶֶһĻո˵꣬һɿֲĽֱʵֵס
ʵû뵽λǿ߾Ȼ˿ֲƣƺֻϲŸܵơ
ռ֮ڣҶҲЩԼɢƣԴΪͻƽ֮ĵռٴα˰ٱҲ˵ĵռ䣬ȫԳ֮ΪһС硣
Ҷ컹ݽ赤ռڵƣлЩǣڸŵռƣҶ⡣
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Ҷû˵ּƤӣΨһİ취ǴֻнˣôŻԹҪȻּƤӸ
ȻҶ첻ϵļӴѹȣöЭûа취ǿߵĻٵĳŶħķȥ
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ŶȻ£֪ʲôҾ˵
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кݺݵţѾľһװBȻӣȵʬͷȻٰʬӸˣʱѾʬ޴档
ոҶɱϷЩԸϷϵı飬޲ýǰǧС
˫ѽƾʲôңһ˿Цٴ߽һף˵Σˡ
ָո£ɫ˲һ䣬ϺȻһɾ˵ɱֱӳǰ¡
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֪СӲʲôöѾɱȻ͵ϮңƲ㡣
Լ͵ϮѾʶƣҲȫſˣһУǸʲôʵңһ쵽ߣΪԼʲô㣬Żȥ
ƾ㣿һСûе𣬾ȻӣǿЦ
˻쳣侲Ķ۴󺺣ͺ˼Ѫһ㣬˵Ϣƺˣֻ۶ݺݵĵǰϷƺ޲ȥݺҧϼһ
ԭûдﵽ֮λǰǷ˵һ컻һҲԿһ£һΣһŮǿˣûе˼ңǸŮǿֱ˶С񣬴Ӵ֮㱻֮Ϊ


797 
ǶûĶǼɻ˺ʲô
ͬȼǿߣҲԲҽʲôΪֻҪ˸ҽôͻһ˷Ұһҧˡ
Ϸɸո˵൱ڶ˿һΣöܹܵˡ
ǣŭһ˫Ŀͨ죬ϵɱֱʵһ㣬ͷϵҰڣͺҡͷʨƵġ
ģӽҲ𡣡
޾ŭֱӳϷȥܹһ磬ˣϷҲʵһ
˶֪һ£û˸ϺһֱϷΪ㺰ôΣҶǶѲܱԼǿ
Լոճ˵ĸ֣ͺԼ֮Уƣ޲ýԼʮ˿ſġ
˲佻֣һͷŭʨӣһͺˮһ㣬һһϢ
һʱ֮䣬Ϸ𱻴һֲȻ䱻һƣ¶˿˿Ѫ֪Ϊʲô˷ĶϷ⡣
νúǰǱԼŭսȥĻôԼܹʤҲһ˵һǧ˰ٵĽ
ƺϷ뷨һŭܣС񡣡
Сƺ׼һ㣬һһҪϷС²㣬ȥҲض˵
Ǹƣ˭ãҪӣҲˣΪʲôҪ˵ʹⲻ鷳
ڶͺñһͷĿţһ㣬ȫ³Ϸ˿ܵĻᣬ˷е·
ۣ㵽Ҫô
˵ʵڵģһϷЩˣԼ˵ʲôҲӣ֪˺Լƫƫǹײ
꣬ȻΪʲôѾӽˮ˻Ǳ¿ˣҽţ棬Ҳ𡣡

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дϷʵ벻ͨʱ˭Լ֣ѵλΪǲ̫ܰλ֮䲢ûжٶԹ
κε֮ģɽֱǿǽϻһǿƣҲ޷ֵ
ϷѾȥ֮бɿŭԴԼʧȥС֮󣬲˭ǰ˵ĸ֣ôĺǣҲὫ˻ɱ
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ڿǰϷ˻¶һ˿ЦЦ첻С£ұʤ
ѵĲ°ΣӦúʧһʲôʱ˽½Ǵ½ǧˡ
ߣ½Σǧˣ½Σƨ£ǧã첻ôҶὫС
˵֮󣬶Ϸ˿ĻᣬٴιȥεĹƻҪǰǿϷ֪ʲôطһ
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Ŷ˵ʲô˵ʲôСҵģʱһȥըι
֣֪ղ˵ǲô˵ʼնԼˣΪ˴½ΣΪ˲ô½ѪɺӣܲܲΪУȵ˳ױȥʱǵʱս٣Σ
Ϸ˻ʲô˼ǷˣһϷѾĳ̶ȣЭ
Ƿ񶨵ģ飬˵ΪһЩԭ򣬶£ȴ̫ܣһ֮˽ֻҪҽôɱһ㡣
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ûиϷһ˿ӣ˫ȻǿɱǰӣͺԼһ㡣
ۣ㲻Ҫ̫ǿ㣬ƨ𣬲ҪΪں㿪ЦǴЦģڿƣôҲֻ²ˡ



ڶʮһ սΨҶ


798 赶ɱ
²飿ұƨ𣿺ãܺãҾ͸ᡣ
ŭĶ¼ֱŭЦЦ֮г˳һζĹǿ
𣬼Ȼôϣӽ졣
ҲοһλǿߣϷ𱻶۴һٶıȣȥʱ˽⣬Ҳһǧɡ
սûκεأΪﶼֻ֪Ҫˮ˿иôһһԼ
ռڣߵĹҧҶеֻһ˿ЦǻǶħҶطûʲôõӰ졣
ԶսҶϣܾˣȻԼ潫ʱټ޻
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㵱ҪŪƲɣ
꣬ӲӾơ
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Ҳˣ͵ϮһƫϷıϣһҵĺʱء
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λϷãȻƽʱôѺãУκɱ˹ͬɱ
ȻԼʵǿ˶ǿߣǺûĵΣϾһһĭԽ
ǰλĿŶ𣬿ȴ֣ϷѾ䣬죬ݼȥˡ
ۣȻɱϷɣ
ѾϷ𣬶ǸƣȻһԸϷʵ֮ϣϷɵȷԼɱԼƸոϷϣǵѾ׻ɱ
һ뵽뵽λǿߣ˵Ϸɲɱģͳɱ
ϷǱͳɱ㵱ɵϻϹӣɱϷɣȻϣ˲ô޳ܡ
һ˭ҪǸɱô˶ֶɱ
δȻɱ𣬺ɱϷ𣬽˾Ҫһɱڴˡ
ˣλ𿴼ɱϷɣ뵽֮ǰλһΪҲһǶɱ
ڵĶֱп˵ƨ޴ţл˵Ϊһ̲Լ˵ʲôҲ޲
ǿڵƣҲʲôˣֻϿ뿪죬ֻҪ˴½ôҪҵҲô׵Ρ
ΪֻҪԼ죬ôǲԼɱϷɣ˶ΪԼɵģԼ³ֻһ
ۣΥԼ˳֣˽ԲŹ㡱ò״ôһǧѷĻᣬλ׷Ź
׷ȥλ֣ʵͨ죬Ҳ޷ֵס֣Ҫ˵𣬿¾еκһˣҪսʤЩѡ
˸ո뿪ҶӰԭأ¶һ˿Цʬհ˰ݣȻûɱ˶𣬿ҶҲǽ赶ɱˡ
ûиȥҶžԵţӵͨ쳹֮ܣҲӳλ׷ɱԼǾҵĴӪ
Ϊ죬ֻн񺣲Լļңɢһ֮⣬Ĵ˵׻Լĵˡ
ܿ죬Ҷҵɽ壬Ҳ֪ɽɢǿľǽ壬첽֮£Ҷ׼ϷʱһϵӰʱ
Ǻˣҽʲô
һ𣬿ǰı󺺣ҶһʱѾ󺺵ʵΪôػͨԴұ˴֮Ҳи˽⣬Դ󺺿Ҷ죬ܵ˷֮ġ
Ҫ֪֮ڣ˱ˣҶȻûб϶ΪѾܿˡ


799 ͻ
Ҷ죬񺣵ˡ
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󺺵Ļո£漴¶һ˿ϲΪҶѾĴеһͷų񺣵Ľһ޶ܼð
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á
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ЩéݣҶһֱػͨǸеԵЩΪ˴½Σһֱػ죬һû뿪Щǣ˵½ѪɺӲˡ
ʮߴéݣôҲ˵һʮһֵ֣֪Ҷ˼ˡ
ϣ
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ĵ˵ͷҶͷųԼڷָһ£ȫ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
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ҶҵڶֿǰҶһ񺣵ڵȻǽɱʣڶҶ˵ǽɱʵһҶʵû뵽ԼȻڡ
ҸϾС
ƺеΣһЦһһܵ˵ô죿
һ˲ҵڣҵе֪ҶȻͬʱĴ飬˶ˡ
ڽ񺣵ĸλҶҲû˿ʱ֮ҶӸϿе֪һС
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ڽ񺣵ڽɱʣ٣ÿ˴ٽ޷ֵʱʱƽʱѼһ档
Ϊʲôֻоڴˣԭ񺣵İȫػֻͨҪһ˿ľٶҲԥĸ
Ҷ컹ûüڶļҳʱԶߵպȻһŶʵĹâ˹âȫɫ䡣
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һԭֿʼͨˣҶҲû˿ȻѾ죬ôһҪۼʶʶˡ
֮ʣҶȻʵϣмҪ㡣
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ﲻʾͨһʾһɽҶ֪ɽԼŹϵ
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ϣɽʲôطϵĻҶһϲڵΪѾﵽ˽۷ܹ֮ɽϸܿռ֮ô˵ͻƴﵽ֮
ҡҡͷһε˵ɽɽɽһײβҪɽǾҪ컯ˡ
˵֮󣬸漴̣Ͼ˴ٽ¹ش󣬲ǽ񺣵ȫҲȫ֮źεȶԹһ̣ǰƺǸԵĶԹϾ½Ƚ˵ĶԹʵ̫Сˡ
ڸҶ¿żʶˣʲôʱ˶һڴ½֮ϣԳưԴ½죬ͺĸµĵһ㣬洦ɼ
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Ϊ˵ֵס˵ĽΪ˴½İΣ֪ǰΣգЩǻ޷˵ĳǰȥԼѪֵ֮˵ĹʱƺѾôҪˡ


800 ȥǲȥ
Լһٶλ󲿷ֶһ𣬶١
ͨһ޴Ŀռ֮ţռ֮˸ĹĻͺһĻٲһ㡣
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ˣ˫ͷƺ࣬Ҷɣ֮ǲʲôϵϾ̫֮ˡ
ʵȻǺǿ󣬿ȴ޾ʵǺǿ˫ȭѵ֣ɱһˣͻһˣһһ಻
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û˿ϿǰĿռ֮ţɫص˵м뿪죬Ȼɳ׷ɱջһܵˣҲ˺Ҳûа취ˡ
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ǷҪһͻͨڡ
ϵĻͬĵ˵ͷΪ𶼷֣˹ͨҪ͵Ķ࣬˵ʵҲǿܶࡣ
ϣǷɡ
Уʽǣ˵޷ֵľ棬򲻿ⷢ
ϵĻ϶¶һ˿ΣǿĴڣʲôж
Ҷûмڿռ֮ţǾ뿪ˣΪԼҲ°ﲻʲôæ
ν죬Ҷ׼ҵɽɽΪܹٴôΪԴﵽ֮
յָҶȻҵɽҶεţΪΪûдﵽ֮ռ֮ûգôֱɽȥʱ֮
ҶȴûзҵɽҶվɽ¾ĸӦţҹת۶ţҶôվԭһ
Ȼ˫ۣ¶һ˿ϲΪͨҹľӦҶҵɽλãҶеһ˿ƵǣɽλþȻڡ
ռ֮ţҶվڴս֮£ſռ֮಻ʮ׵ĵطһ׸ɽɽ֮һɽ
Ҳ֪ǲ컯ŪˣԼǧҪɽɽȴƫƫڿռ֮ŵ࣬Ҫ֪һĲɿ
ȥǲȥ
Ҷһֱ⣬ϾɽԼͻ֮Ļᣬʧȥ뵽ٴͻҲ֪Ǻµ顣
ǲҪȥɽռ֮
ϵĻҶһԭΪֻԼҵɽԭҲ֪ɽ䡣
ƺҶ룬ЦЦ˵ɽȻһ߸򵽿ռ֮ߣΪ͵Ҳﵽһ֮ɽ˵ʲô
ڸ˵Ҷû˿ʡ
յʱ֮ԶɽɽЩνǺܸȤġ
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ϣҵΪѾﵽһƿܹɽռ֮˵Ծʹͻơ
ĵ˵ͷҶϺͣССΪѾﵽ˽۷֮ǾĴ飬ԿԳ֮Ϊǰ޹˺ߡ
ҲȥɽԼҪģ˴ٽͨʱƱػṥ֮ͨ޷֤İȫ
Ϸģġ
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˵֮Ҷֱӳſռ֮Ŷȥ˸ϵ׿ϣûйҶ죬ֱһ·С
˵ɽǿƶģƶռ֮ʮף˵ΣգҪ֪ʱԴǶὫΧڰ֮ڣȻ˱ƻȥ
ҶΪѾﵽ˽۷壬ͬʱĴ飬˵ʲôҲðսɽ
ռ֮ʮףҶܵսĲпᣬĸݣ̫ˣǲ֫ϱۣһͷͷͷ­һһ㡣
΢΢һ̾½һɱڿռ֮ţֱѰ·Ҳǰ


801 ռ
ɽ˿ռ֮Ҷոս룬оһɹɿռ֮С
ϴϲҶţֻҪԼܹɽϼ죬ΪԿͻ磬ϾɽĿռ̫֮Ũˡ
ɽ۷壬Ҷ쾲ڷ嶥ſռ֮ҲѾ˵ˣֻҪʱռ֮գôȵպ뿪ɽ١
Ҷһų˷Ŀռ֮֮Ȼֻһ֮ʵȴ֮
ҪԼΪ֮䣬ܹ֮Ϊֻܹ֮ӵпռ֮
ǽһһҹҶ컹޷֮ӶҲ޷ʲôռ֮ǸƱˡ
ԼٶȣҶһֱǺģϾԴӳʱ䣬һͨ˽ǿߡ
۷壬Ĵ飬Ҷ뿪죬ô˶ħλ֮⣬ԿԺߣ½Ķ֡
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ɽܿռ֮ҶԽԽƣΪʲôɽǿռ֮Լʼ޷
˲ٲҶȻͣ½Ųһ˿ӵռ֮ȡǬܲϵտռ֮
֪ΪʲôҶкȻһǾνǬƺԼĵռ֮ͬ
ʱǬƺϣҶ½ǬŻصռ䣬ҶԼҲص˵ռ䣬Ű֮еǬҶһ󵨵뷨
Ȼ֪ǬкãҶȴһָоԼĵռ֮һֱûɳΪ磬ƺǶʲôһ㡣
ǬԼĵռȫںϣ֪ôһ״̬˵ʱԼĵռԳɳΪ磬һֻԼĵռ䡣
Ҷ²⣬֮Լһֱ޷֮ӵпռ֮ǲΪԼռĹϾԼĵռһ硣
ȻѾҶûκεĳɣڵռڣڵĴ˲ֱվڶĸ
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ӵʱ䣬ҶĵռѾ˿ռ֮Ҷ첢ûͣǽԼ֮ڵǬڣʼǬںϡ
ֻ֮ǰҶԲȫͬˣΪﵽ˽۷֮Ĵ˿̶ںǬҶ治֪ʲôʱŸˡ
ȻҶʵ֮Ǭһû谭ֻҪ֮Ǭȡϵô൱ڵռǬȡϵ
䡭һ죬Ǭʼһ˿˿Ϣһգ۵ʱ䣬ոջƯڰ֮еǬѾʧˣҶдϲΪ֪ԼѾɹǬȻԼĵռںϡ
ûٹܵռǬںϵ飬Ͼ߳ںΪһҪʱҲһҶûжʱȡ
뿪ռ䣬ҶҲûмɽΪԼɽ֮һԸ
ոɽҶǰ˾þ޷뿪ĴʣҶԼܴģΪǰϸܵһ˿ϢֻϢҲֻϲС
˹ͨ쳣ңҲò֣Ҷеһ˿ǣһֵֻ̳λƺһλʡ
СҶ죿
ʱһӣ༫ΪӢü΢΢ţһ־񽣰һѣɱʣʣҶһʱѾ˴𰸣ԼڣĴ½ǿ֮һһǿߡ
ҽҶ죬ǽɱʣ
ĵ˵ͷһ˿ЦݣƺԼ󱲵һ㣬ɱʲûж˵ʲôʿػڿռ֮ܣϾ״Ѿɼ״̬
Ҷǰһ˿ݵ˵ո˵ǽ񺣵ڽɱʣλֱʥصʣʺͶħĶħʡ
ʣֱǽ񺣵ĽɱʣħĶħʣʥصʣ֮ʡ
֮УҶֻλʣȴΨûм֮ʣҶ컹оԼλƺԼ뷨
֪ǲԼˣҶָоƺںܲϲԼһ㣬Ҷ컹һָоǾڿԼ֮Уһ˿ɱ
ԼڶԼɱ˵ȥ˻ţҶԼоҶ޷ͨǣΪʲôԼɱ
ϣ˵ȫΪʲôûмʡ
ʣҶ컹ǺģϾԼʵĶŹҲ˳֮Ϊħͷ
ĸ֣ϵɫһ˿Σƺɵʲô˵ɽϸ֮𣿡
Ҷ⣬Ȼ˼ҲԸ˵ôԼҲʣһ뵽ռǬںϣȫںϣôҶʲôʱɾ֮λʲôʱ򣬾һ۷嶼δزûпܡ
ûУ֪Ϊʲôɽʼ޷֮ܵԵɽˣȵպ뿪죬취ɡ
ҶȻûи֮Ҳ¶һ˿ʧô˵Ҷ춼ǽҶ֮ˣҲҶڣҶܹɾ֮Ҳӡ
кҶͱѾﵽ˾磬²꣬Ҷ֮سɣʱҶԿǴ½һˣҾʵ۷Ĵ飬¾޷նɱҶ죬֮£ҶԿԳǵһˡ
ҲãܹӵʵԺܲˡ
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ܲ֪Ϊʲô˹ͣĴҲ޷״ˡ
ϣѵûа취˳𣿡
̾ϢһЩε˵У൱ûС
ϵĻҶֱƼˣʲô൱ûУоУûоûУʵϣʲô취
Ҫˣͨӡӵһǰͼǻ壬ĸǲ̫ܵ顣
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˵ҶҪˣԭܹ׷ӡͨȻǰͼӺõͼҶһֱΪͼ޴ãڵãͼȻǷӡͨĹؼ


802 ɽ
ҶҲʵû뵽Լ֮еõİͼȻǷӡͨ
ҶȴûнͼϾﶼһЩǿߣʱһôȴĽֻһ
ҶԼԸоһ˿ɱȻ֪ΪʲôˣҶȴܶġ
ʱĴʺȻɫصľۼɱֱӿ˵ͨѾҪƣҵͼ˵ʵ޷ӡͨ
ɱʵĻһԭӵЧӦǾ޴ģţһҲһޱȡ
Ϊÿһﶼһͨƴʲôʱ˴ٹ½ôʱ½Ϳ̿Ѫɺӡ
ѾÿɳһѰҴӣ½ѰҰͼͻ塣
ƺϵѡһһʱѰҴӣθһ뿪ĻҶ졣
˵˵ҶϾոս죬Ǹ˽⣬һ˿ٵ뿪졣
뿪ָͨľͷۣ֮˵ٶȣҪ½ĸ⣬Ϊ͵Ҷ죬Ҳﵽ˽۷֮
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Ҷ죬ͷβһ˿мģϾ۷ͺ࣬ҪŪһ񣬼ֱ̫ײˡ
Ҷֱֿ֮ҵνɳĶҲҶҵˣҶ죬𣬾˽飬˽顣
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ô˵ҶҶ춼һˣԼ󱲵ӣҶ컹Ǻ͵ģҶ첻˵һ뵽ħ֮ĶԹħλ𣬵ʱһѣҶ׶༪١
ǰԴ뿪½֮ϣħȻԽ񺣷ѣħӵһλټһλ𣬶ħλ𡣡
ҶĻҶɫ䣬ȻҲ֪ħ뽣һֱϣҲŪ˵ȵزҶ˵ȫڽ񵺣ϣǰСġ
ĵ˵ͷҶʵҪȥģ
ɽ˵֮Ҷֱչռ˲ͨȥΪ˽񺣻ΪԼҶﶼ֪Լ뽣֮ضһս
Ȼɽɽ˵ΪѾﵽ֮ҶʵһսıǮ˵Իɱ
뿪죬ҶõһҪľǽɽڶʥأΣ˴λս
ʥظ˴ʥԼѹʷ֮£Ҷ˶ϣ֤ȷ䣬ʥظҶζԵԼ
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Ҷ챾ʵѾﵽ˽۷֮Ĵ൱ʵǰʥܣҶʹá
ռ˲ֱͨչҶû˿֣۷֮֮ǿߣ֮£ҶǵһˣɽһһǽûзӦѾҶĲһΡ
һ𾪵Ŀź꣬ռ˲ƣɱһǽʲôѾΥ˴½Ϊﶼ𶼲ӵпռ˲ͨ
СģСйŹ֡˲ʧȥһ񣬽˵֪˳׻ɱôɽպؽް֮ա
Ĵʥһ㣬ǲ֮ʵҶ챾ʵһ˲ӵг񽣡
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һʮ񣬲յʱ䣬Ⱥλֻʣ¾ΪʧԽɽνǲ
ȥԷ飬Ըˡ˵ֻҪɱ˴ˣôĴҲʧֻλɽɽһֱ벻ͨǣΪʲôܹͬʱӵĴ顣
սһҶǰû뵽ģϾԴ뿪½֮ʹǿĴڡ
ռֹ˵ΪֻǸոմﵽһֻýռͨҶ˵һƺѾˣ仰˵һյĽռ䣬Ҷû˿ķϡ
ֱӶռ䣬ÿռ˲ͨԽռ䣬ճ񽣣ֱӳǰĽ˵նȥֲĲ񷽣ֱӷӡܵĿռ䣬Ȼǽռ䣬ȴƽռ䡣
ϴ󾪣о˵ʵû뵽ȻĽռ䣬һýܵĿռ䣬ǺεȵʵҪ֪Ϊûдﵽ֮
㾿Ǻˣ񺣲ǿߡ
Ǻˣô֪ɣ첻Σɽ𡱣˵֮󣬸ܽ˵¶𺳣Ҷеĳնȥ˵ΪֻǸոմﵽһ֮ûọ̈̄Ҷ죬һʵտʼ˵սѾ
ɱ˽˵ҶҲû˿ĳɣΪԼĽҶޱȵģŴΣҪ֪ԼĴ˶ǲ֮֮⣬ÿһΪҲѾﵽ˽۷֮
ɽ֮ϣŵɽҶ컺еĲһֻҪһȥӴ֮󣬴½ϱ޽ɽ
С޵ò񡱣Ҷ׼ն²һʱȻһϵŭ


803 ɽ
䣬Ҷǰʮ֮Ȼߣǿߣһǿߡ
㾿ǺˣΪҪҽɽɱ䣿
ڽɽȻҶҲЩȣȻԻɱһɲͬʱս
ֻһʥأǾǽ񺣣ѳ񺣣Ҿе㽣ɽ
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˻βŭ۸¸һŭֱֳʲôԴС
΢΢һֹ̾Ҷ컹ûŵԽסֱӶصռ֮ڣռ仹ûгںϣ޷Կ֡
ոձԼ˼лȻʧͺƼ˹һ㣬ǿλҲ֮˵ʧʧ
ɽڴҲ޷ı
ѰӰʱҶȻ𣬸κεĻᣬҶеĲ񽣣·ݺնȥ
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ɽǧӣӳĿ²㣬ĴսľҲɱҲ˵һ̽ɽ֮⣬Ѿûʲôǿˡ
Сӣӹ첻ʬΣϷĲΪˡ
ǳŭˣ񺣱ԼҲˣҲ˵ԼԺûмˣλܵˡ
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ԼĵռڣҶеĿ߷˷һʵǿôԼûа취
ľ˷һǹ˷ֱͬķ򲻶ӰɽܽɱܹԽɽڡ
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ѶȴѾˣҲʲôˣϾ뱨ȽǱȽҪһ㡣
ʣµֱΪӨλһԷޣһǧһֱΪ롣
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˵֣ɽȫΪ棬ֻһСɽȻ𣬾ͺһȺӬ֮кȻܳһֻĸӬڲͬ
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ҶȻʴ뿪½Ⲣ½Ҳûгֹ𣬿Ҫ֪ħһλͻ֮
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ͻƿһи֪ɽеźţҲʹ˳ɽ
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׷ϾԼѱ˭Ҳкɫ뵽ԼƤѱ٣ЩߣǹĻشڣҲ֪ô£һȻɽ˵֣ɽʮɽڣȫɱѪҲ⵽֡


804 ѣ˫
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׷Ϣɫ˲ͣɽûз˲Ҿ磬ǿ߼ȫɱ
Ҳ˵ɽ֮ڣ⣬ֻǰˣһ뵽׷ϺȻһɾ춯صɱ֮شһ㡣
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λİҶޱǿţ㲻Կ֮£ˣ
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805 һսʮ
һĿռ䣬˵ǵʹôͨٳһռ䡣
һС͵ĳУͺһСĴ½˭Ҳţ侹ܹٳһռ䡣
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Ҳ˵ڸողʱսУǾȻʧ˶ʮǿʮ񣬾ǻҲܲ
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806 ¾һ
ۿǰĺ꣬˲û֡
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ߴŭʱҶĲһ˲£ֱһһϣû˿ʵһһֵܹסġ
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ĿתĿߣпܳһߣҶ첻ſռ˲Ƽܣһų񽣡
֮⣬˭ֵܹס¾ҶץסᣬҲͬһûȥɱһֻ̣뱣סԼ
ʮ񼶱ǿߣڱҶɱֻʣһ۷ߣһҽٴλƻϿգһҲ֮䡣
ʮ񣬲һʱʱ䣬¾һգռڵȫɵˣɱˣʱ¾
ŲҽɫѾ԰׵˼㣬Ƕôһ裬һ޼ɵ޼ɵɱǿߣһʮ˲䱻¾һգֻҪһ룬о˵ķߺޡ
˵С£
ʱҶӰٴγǰг˱ģΣΣڻǹԹԱԼ¾
㵽ǺˣкζԹҪˣѵͲʻɱ𣿡
һʵǲΪУֻϣܹϿ뿪򲻵ѵ£ֻаڵϣԴܹ˺ꡣ
ʣĸ֣ҶЦʾΣŵռΪܣҲû˿ĵǡ
Ǳ𡣡
ٷϻҶӰٴʧŵռ䣬ҲҶ죬Ҳ޷Ҷ˿Ϣ˵ҶֻɱǣԷһӰӶץ
һ£˷񣬵һʱоԣͬʱֿȴһգɾǱųһ亹
ޱȵƣԼ˭˭ˣڻúõѾһԴɱķһգ۵Ĺǿ߶¾һգһҲˣѾľȻ뿪ѲҪǼϲɡ
һûҶյȷ׼նݳûڴ½֮ʧϾĶֻ˷ָ˵ö֮Ҷ͵Լλһ¡
ǰ֮ʮһɱµûһҶģһĿź겻ϻɱǿߣЦǿ߶ɱˣܸʲôȥˡ
Իֹߣϧȴûһ˸ҳ֣ǶôһЦ


807 
ǰҶҲЩƲѡ
Ҳʵû뵽Ȼ̣񣬵ȵ鷳ʹˡ
ոʶҶѾ֪ܵĸѾױ𣬶Ҳɱ¶ȥǲá
ҶһʱŶ뿪˻㵽ʱĽ٣Ҳȫ뿪
Ҫһݣ
ʵܲˣ˳ʱıָ߶Ⱦ裬ҲеԲǰĺû˿׼뿪ļƲѡ
ݣ˵ĻҶйıģԼζɱ˻ʮ񣬶һɱһԼ˳ͻưոݣ
ŻᱨҶԸйȻû˿ĳɣҶչռ˲ͨ͵Ϯ
ֳĴֱǳױˣһѾܵˣھȻֶ
Ĵİæܿ죬Ҷҵһͻƿڣ׼ᣬֱӲһһ˲նΡ
˵һɱôͻеڶֱ˲һһΨһ
ǰҶĮ˵˵Ǳ𡣡
ƾҲЦѾϢڣ͵ڵŭɡ
ԼϢʣ
Ҷ쵹ЩȻʵԺɨ֮£ƾռ˲Ƽ볬񽣿һս
Ҷȴû˿Ŀܣʿٳ˵Ķռ䣬Ѿ˵λʵжôǿ
Ҷʵû뵽Ȼһ֣ȥ˵ֻ֮ǵȵȥʱҪҵʵ׷ɱ
ɱʶԼûʲôҶҲ赣ǣϾ񺣵ڲµһֻҪڻԼҲ
죬Ҷӽɱʵ֮иܵһ˿ɱ⣬ȻɱⱻɱεĺܺãȴӲҶ۾
û˿ĳɣҶٴչռ˲ͨɳĮǰĺ꣬Щŵʵո˵ʲôʮȫɱˣ
ƺ𺳵Ѿ˱ˣʮʲôһɿֲʵԻ½κεһš
Ҫ֪Ϊ½ص֮һʾǻڣҶȻһ֮ռǿߣһ˼¾һա
ֻҪǸ棬ܾ̲סݺԼĿˮǿʮ˵ɱͱɱˡ
ĵ˵ͷû£ҶҲ˲٣ֵܣֵʲôĵġ
ȻƳǣһе£Ȱ֮Ҿͻȥ
ҲûʣΪ֪Լʵ޷ٰҶʲôΨвΪҶ׸ɣ˵СģٴγƳǶȥ
ȥģ
塣
ҶãʵҪɱֱһ׾ٵ飬Ҷɱ󣬾ȳȻʥںϣɾλ֮
ȥ壬С뻢Եĸ˷ܣ˵ֶĶ֣Ǻʶһ´˵֮е
λλĻ֪᲻Ѫ˲޳ܣλȻҪһССλԣⲻǰ۸
Ϊߵ񣬵ҲæҶҲ޷뿪壬Ҷ첢ûн壬Ͼĵ̫ˣһһǿ˸ȥʲôѣҶܹⲻȥġ
һ·ϣСںͻһֱੲݣŵ˭ȥҶＫˡ
֮ǰһȷҪ֣ܲܲһ⣬ȴȫһԼΪѾﵽ˽۷壬Ĵ볬񽣣СڻǻѾλ˭Ĩɱõ첱Ӵֵ
λҶȻੲݣҲûܿ죬⣬ҵ˱
Ϊ˾Ҷ죬ʹ˱Լȫӡ棬Ϊһ㣬ҶѾܸжˡ


808 Ĩɱ󣬽նϾ̺

ҶеĲ񽣣ǰıݺݵĻȥһ쳹صĻء
󣬵һ˲䱻ƣҲ˲ѣȳԼľȻˣνǾޱȡ
Ҫ֪˵ΪѾﵽʥֲ֮µı񼶱ǿƣʥԲǿҲƵ֮
лү
ȥϢɣｻҡ
ĵ˵ͷк֪ȻүǣôѾ˵ү˾ԵʵΪҲӦôﵽ֮
ջصռڣҶ쿴ͬʱѹĮ˵û뵽ôͼˡ
һֱ̣緭ˣɵϣսȻô˵ս˶ԿԼʵ
ǧǰԼս춼ʥʵȴȻս죬ΪԼΪﵽ֮Ϳսʤս죬սΪҲѾͻʥﵽ֮ôԼȻ䡣
û뵽ôѾͻ˽֮ǵһ
ĶԹǽվͳ˶ϣ˭Ҳ֡
СںͻκηĻᣬҶ˳ȥûҲûʹռ˲ͨҶޱȵţԱʵҲԵֵ
ȡ񽣣Ҷû˿ԥֱӳǰ˳ȥһֲĲ񷽣ƿռ䣬ռƺǿҵĲ
ŽİԵɫ˲䣬Ҳû˿ɣǻûе֣ҶĴ˲
ûеӦ۷ֱӽ˺˰˿飬һ˲ɱս֮ȥ֪᲻ᷭκˡ
ûȥ壬ҶС뻢뿪壬Ĵ޾룬ҶҪľ»شʥأںϣΪﵽλ֮
֮ǰҶһٻȥΪʥѾ˱ɱ֮ģǵ͵ϮүүǶ޲ɱ
ǻûеҶʥأ½ϵţħʼս΢΢һ̾˼Ҷ컹׼Ȼؽһˡ
ô˵ǽ񺣵ˣһɳнħ򣬲ħȴӵ
ҶҶصһῪ󷨣ý˼䣬ô˵ħһֱУһλ𣬶ħȴһж֪
ںʱԣɽ񺣵ȴһҲܵȣҶĴ޿ٳŽ񺣶ȥ
⺣Ҷ첢û񵺣ǽԼϢͷųȥܿ죬һֲŭ󺣲ϵķš
࣬Ȼ
һСɽͷֻ˫Ķž֮ϵĺ꣬ǵ׷ɱҶʥ۷Ͼ̺
ЦһҶϵϢ˲䣬ֲĽֱ⺣ոոܵɿֲĽϾ̺˲䡣
Ͼ̺ɵӣѾܹϸܵһϢҶϾ̺뿪𣿵Լܵÿ죬˵֮ء
ȡ񽣣ֱӳ׼ȥϾ̺ȥû˿Ҷ콣۷ʵҪɱһֻʥ۷һ׾ٵ顣
Ͼ̺ĻᶼûУҽжδһϰʥ۷Ͼ̺׵⺣֮ϡ
áʱСںȻ䳯Ͼ̺ȥ⵹ҶССľһ
СϣֱӻΪ壬һǧɺɫʱ⺣СֱӽϾ̺ʬȥ
»صҶߣСںĵ˵ͷûеҶ쿪ʣֱӻشϾ̺ΪϰȻֻʥ۷壬ɶ˵ȴǴ֮Ͼ̺Ϊﵽλ֮ôϾ̺һɳ죬ɾľ
ŶʵǺһΣ
ǿ˵һӵǿ壬צһ壬һ壬оϾ̺һ壬½أϾ̺һȴĶ֣ںϣצһ廹Ǻһ壬Ͼ̺һĶ֡
¾ҶҲˣΪ½һֱ˵ǿֱǺһצһ壬û˵ʲôϾ̺һ塣
Ҷʵû뵽ǣνϾ̺ȻҪȺһǿԳ֮Ϊĺϰ


809 Ц
ûеСڰѻ˵꣬ԶĴ󺣾ͷȻһꡣ
Сɫʱһ䣬Ще˵ǵǺܺã֮һֻϾ̺
Ͼ̺Ͼ̺СڵĻҶѾף֮еϾ̺ľΪǴﵽ֮
Ȼ֮һϾ̺ҶҲû˿ĵǣϾʵλ񣬸ɵʲôϾ̺
ƺܹµҶ룬Сɫص˵֮е񲢲λϾ̺λϾ̺
λϾ̺˵ʲô˵Ͼ̺ȫСڵʵᲢۣ⻹ںϣϾ̺¡
Ϊ󺣵İСڻǻԲϾ̺Ķ֣Ҷ죬ҲûʮİܹںϻɱһλϾ̺
˵Ĺ򣬴󺣾֮ϺȻһŮһ༫ΪֿĸŮʬ޴ĶӣŮ¶һ˿
תͷҶˣޱȵʵɱҵĶӣ
ҵģʲô飬Ц
Ͼ̺һһǵжԹϵΪ峤׶ӣСڿϾ̺ͺɱһ㣬޲ȥϾ̺Ƥ
ҵģɱҵĶӾȻ˵
ŮЦЦ֮г˾ϾΨһĶӱɱĸ׵ı뱨𣬷ôԵȪ֮µĶӡ
ۿһԶˣŮŭֱȥСκεĻᣬֱӽСͻصռڡ
ȻСѾﵽλ֮ɲô˵ҶĵռƲ˵ģҪ˵СڣʱҶռ֮ڣ˵Ҳ޷ȥʱֻܹҶ촦á
Сͻصռ֮ڣҶֱȡ񽣣ս׻壬ҶȻûκεġ
Ȼƾ賬ԻɱһϾ̺ȴǿߣ仹ںϣϾ̺ʵȫԷ
ռ˲ƼܶʱչҶӰ˲ʧԭأȻҶûսʤϾ̺Ͼ̺ҪսʤҲû˿Ŀܡ
ϵʹռ˲ƼܣֻҪסһ˿ᣬҶͻòʤĳ֣һԸֽǶȳ֣ɲôŮԴΪҶ˿Ļᡣ
¿סҶ죬ں϶½أôϾ̺ҲȫĽɱŴΪϾ̺Ҫɱ̫ܡ
챾үͲˡ˵Ҷֱ˫һٶ֮죬ڿռ˲ͨһգ۵ʱ䣬ҶӰѾ׵ʧ
ſտҲĴ󺣣Ů첻ϵŭţ治Ϸţϰһŭƺ
ӵĺǣҲһʬΡ
⺣ɣҶЩƣԼ⺣ôˣһԼΪûдﵽĵزȴʥ۷Ͼ̺ڶ⺣ԼΪҲѾﵽ˽۷֮ȴλϾ̺
ɣϾ̺ȴƫƫǿ֮һںϣҲϾ̺һĶ֡
ſռ˲Ƽ䣬ҶţԼ²뿪Ͼ̺Ϊʵȫࡣ
ɣҶϡǵõںϾԼĺкһ꣬Ҳ֪õôˡ
Ǻ˵ڵҶѲԶǸɰĺҶﻹǺġ
ֱңͨʶ۲죬Ҷ˲ҵ˺Ϣ˳ϣһƧ¥ڣҶڼ˺
Ŵƣ񷢴֪ʲôǸѾ֮ãԼȻŲ¡
Ǹλţ˵뿪⺣ȥ½ǸˣҲһ˼֮ࡣ
˼Ҷкγ֪ģһҶʱı⣬׼λɰŮ
ȡеֱСͷǵķĩ꺮ʥˮںϺľˮΪԼʵҶ첻ѲŻѰ
ԼΪѾﵽ˽۷壬ƾȻ޷󣬺ȹԼҶҲĽÿԺԥĽȡ׼Լλá
ΪڵϣҶӰʧû⺣ɶҶɲ뽫鷳޹⺣ɡ


810 һʰ
뿪ɣҶֱӳŶħȥ
û񺣣ΪҶԼȥ˽ҲڲϾ֮սܹġ
죬ܹ֮ɱȫΪ͵Ϯ£ڣԼסĶ𣬸ǱԼ㣬ǼɵԼʵ
ʱ棬ԼһжֵסԼΪܹﵽ۷֮Կ
ħ뽣񵺲һħֻнʮ֮һ󣬶ħһӵ󵺣֮Ʒֲ⵺֮ϡ
Ҷ콫ԼϢȫأһ̵Ҷͨ죬ô˵Ķħɲͬʱ
ڶħĽֵϣҶҵһҾƹݣҪһһţҶ첢ûͷųԼϢ̽𣬱Ͼݾߡ
ʱ֮ܵʱźǿ裬ҶţֻҪԼͷųϢ̽⣬ô̲Լ
С򼸼顣
λ͹ʡ
׳һҶֱʵҸոմ߻ڶħһл˽⣬֪ħ뽣֮սôˣ
Ŷ鰡Ҳ֪ô£񵺱ǶħӡǰȻӡ⿪ҽƺſɽһ㣬ȻǶħ
ĵ˵ͷҶ֮ԻħȫΪҶԵʣϾħ񺣷ӡǧ֮ã˭Ҳܲˡ
ȥҶʱȻɫЩ仯˿ܣӰȻʧԭأСΪԼ˹뺰ֲҺ
ҶһЦʣҶҲ֪ȥδһǲμӶħ뽣֮Ĵս
ħ뽣֮ˮݣҪƴһεʹ
뿪죬Ϊ˳ѰҰͼ壬ڵãΪĻܴ½Σػʧȥ˱ġ
ôԼʼնǽ񺣵ˣħ֮أħɳսҶŹᡣ
Ĵȥȵո뿪ħϿգҶȻӿٶȣӵʱ䣬ҶѾˣվǰ
Ǻˣ
źȻԼǰĺ꣬ĴЩȣϾܹϢԽǣʵҲȥͬһΡ
񺣡
̶֣Ĵɫ˲䣬ǰ콣񺣺Ȼǿг˶ħһֲҪǶħڼʱ֣˵һսħʧ
˽ӵ֪ͨսװսĶս϶ʥ֮Ĵսʥ֮ȥ˾ͺɱࡣ
Ҫ˵ʥ֮µߣʥⳡս֮УҲڻ𣬾Ҳʱ䣬Ͼһͺࡣ
ⳡս˫ⷢ飬ʥʥȴԲսսôȫһˡ
ƻֱ̫ˣսµʱ򲻹Ƕħǽ񺣣ᱻ׻𣬴Ӵ֮󣬴½Ҳûʲôħͽˡ
֮սԽԽǿ߶Ͷ˽ȥһһҪͣҲ̫ˡ
˵ԼȻǽ񺣵ˣ뵽ľǣǲ뵽רɱԼ˵ġ
˸еޱƵǣΪֻǸոմﵽ֮һģ𣿿Ҫ֪˵ΪԴﵽ֮Էǽ۷Σ
ĴŸе֣ǲӽˮˣǱ¿ˣ
Ҷ²ЦԼΪȻֻǽ۷壬ȴԳƶϣϾ죬Լסһ
ҳ֮󣬸ǻɱԽʵɱǿߣ¾˵ȥҲţϾ뽣֮ǲԽĺ蹵
ܹһսʤǣ
ҡҡͷҶЩĮ˵ҲҪսʤǣҪɱǡ
ɱǣ
˻Ĵɫȫһ䣬Ļǳƣ겻ҪһģһҪɱǣǶôĿֱ˷
Լ˿ǻʵ񣬾ԲҲžĽɱƾʲô


811 һһ
ҶĻĴߣһģһҪǻɱǶô
Ĵ֣Ͼ˵ֶԸһ꣬ȥҲ̫
Ѿ㵽ʱԼ˵ʧҲһҪǰĺ
ĴûٳɣٳǰĺȥĹɿֲӣȫҶӶȥһһ㡣
ЦһҶȡ񽣣ÿռ˲ƼܶĴĵһֱһתҶĴ񱳺
˵ʵҲԣǲ
˵֮Ҷٴչռ˲ƼܣֱӻӳеĲ񽣣һֲĲ񷽣˲Ĵ֮еһλ˲䱻նΡ
ʣµνǳױסˣһɱһλʲôʵϾҪɱһλ񣬳Ϊﵽ֮ĳǿߡ

ոʳڣ;Լʵĺð׳գ걾ʵ֮ʲôԽʵΪʲôɱһλ
κεĻᣬҶٴλӳ񽣣һһֵֶסһ
һһħĴȫɱۿŵϵľʬ壬ħ뽣֮ս񺣺ܣֱħöħβܼˡ
뵽ΪҶħ뽣ˮ磬ս죬һ˵Ͷһǿߡ
ڲǶħǽ񺣣սԱΪ͵Ķʥߵﵽʥ˵սʱ
ٴλصħҶȻϢҶȴûȥƹݺȾƣҵ˶ħܲ
ڣһʱ䣬ҶѾ˽ħܲһУħֻܲһʣµĶʥ桢ʼߡ
һ䣬ֻҪκһλҶ˿ĵǣϾɱġ
ڵֻһƾռ˲Ƽӳ񽣣Ҫɱ˿
Ҷֱˣȡ񽣣Ҷֱչռ˲ƼܣӰʱʧԭأħ֮ڣһ߾ʯϣǰվ󺺣ħһ
ߵɫأոսǱߴϢħ뽣񺣴սħʧƺʱܵļ
Ȼħλǿ򣬿ȴ֪ʵֱ̫ˣܲսһʱһʰĻħ뽣񺣶޷ܡ
սħʵǽ񺣵Ķ֣ǧǰħ֮Խ񺣱ƵԷڽ񵺣ȫΪħλΪǿߡ
һλǿ򣬽񺣸ǶħĶ֣Խ񺣲Żô󽫽Էڽ֮ڡ
Ҳڹ˼ŶԷսôʣµıǸ֮Ĵս
񺣵ĽߣΪﵽ֮䣬ԼĽԳɹôһλ
Ҳ˵񺣵Ľܹɹôӽ൱һ£˫ս񺣽Ȼһʵȵǿߣս˲ͻһжʱ֪
û壬ħʵǽ񺣵Ķ֣Ҫ˵ħǷǽ񺣵Ķ֣񺣿˵µһ
ʣɱʵʵһ񺣵ʵҲԿڵһλʵǵʵ񺣶ǿ֮
ǧ֮ã񺣾һͷ˯ǰ֮õĿʨѣһѳ죬񺣱ǧ֮õŭʨɽһ㡣
տʼԴ൱ʱĲƣħн񺣣ڸʱŰܼ
ħϵżܲǿߣȥ㵽ʱܹսʤ񺣣ħҲƴҲԵȶ½ǿ֮С
ʦ壬Ҳȥħ
С
ߵɫѾѿ˼㣬ոɳħֻʣٽɳȥôħֻʣһ˶ˡ
ȻֻǶħֵϵ߶ħ˵ζʲô㵽ʱħʧҲڱնݳ


812 е㻳
ȵϢʱҪҲȥǡ
սܾʲô𲻲սôʤֻ
֪ʱԼսҪǰս󣬲ʱߵɫ䣬һԾתۿǰĺʵǺˣ
ʻͬʱзˣһʵĶҲ֪Ľ֡
ɱǵˡ
ܹʱԼĲһҶҲССľһȻ߶ԼĲһ˵ѷ
Ҫ֪ƾſռ˲ƼܣҶ˲Ƶߵ󣬾ҲӵĸӦ
Եһʱ䣬ҶѾжϳܹ֮ԼĲһֻԭҪܹӦϢľҪ߸ˡ
Ҷ²һûְ죬һˣһλèͷӥèͷӥϢӦǺǿģҶÿռ˲Ƽ˲Ƶְƾèͷӥһʱ䷢ֵˡ
Ļְɫ˲䣬ʲôطħֵȫԳ֮Ϊ⵺Ľء
ûжħ⵺˽񺣵ˣû˸˽ԶħϾħ⵺ʵۡ
ʵû뵽ǣǰĺ겻ħһɱţӽˮˣộǵĴڡ
ǰ겻ӽˮˣôˣ뵽˵ɫ̫ãΪѾ³ʵݡ
ħ뽣ս⵺ǿ˶ħ֮ǽ񺣣겻粻ħٷ֮ǽ񺣵ˡ
˺ݺݵıһ񺣣սǹѡս϶ԴǾȻɳ͵Ϯǡ
ǽˣ
ȻѾµǰĺǽ񺣵ˣﻹȻʵЦһҶ˵ΣΣǷҲҪˣǲ֪ĺá
ꡣ
䣬񣬺ȻһӰͷβҶ춼һ߸ϵ̬ȣûн˷ֱ̣ض̾ջ̡
ӰһӣΪոͻƶ֮ԴӺԺܲסˣΪǿߣһǶħǿߣ⵺ν˸ǣʲôʱСɹ

Լһ֣ɫ˲䣬ûеȵüʹռҶĲѾӳոȥ˲䱻նΣѪ䡣
ҲԡݺݵıһôԼɱ֪Լ̣Ȼҳ֣治֪ǲӽˮˣԴ¿ˡ
ҳ֣
ߵϺȻ䱬һɾ˵ɱȻ֪鷳ģһֱΪ겻׳֣Ҫ֪һӵһ񣬶ȴǶһˣ̣Ҳֻһˡ
ȴǡǡ෴겻ˣһɱΪɴ˿ɼ߻ϿȷȻǽ񼶱𣬿ʵӦѳԽ˽֮ѹ̸Ҷħˡ
Ϊβҳ֣ѵɱҲ㣿ǺЦе㻳ɣôﵽ֮ģ̣»صͶ̥һΣЩԲ硣
ҶĻνǶ֮ͷβҶڶħһֱûʲôӰ죬ħǽ񺣵УԶڶħˣҶȫǲѣһֱɱ
߼ֱˣΪһħǿߣʲôʱܹ裬ȻһͷޣΪﵽλ֮ϵߵﶼһƬ
ǿΪ𣬹˻ޣֻҪӵ㹻ǿʵôǶԵģ֮ûʵôǴġ
ԴΪλ֮ԼħΪԼûбοǰԼֻһꡣ
ɾˣְҲû֣Ϊ֪ոܹһնɱһʵ㲻ԼҲ࣬ûо԰ջɱͬʱǲҪĺá
ȻһΪһ̲ŷ֣еĺɫǲ֮ְӿ϶еĽԲʲôܹһնɱһеĽԳԽ񽣵ķΧȥʲô


813 ֢

ְгֵʱƺסˣʲôǱ˭һ򱶡
ԽĴڣ䳬ָҳĸоеģҪӵһ̫ܡ
ְ˵һ˵һλ֮õһ̣˵̿Կδƾ̣ų֮µһˡ
Ҫǵŭʣ˵Ҳ䣬ɾˣȻɱ𣬿Ҳˡ
һսΪ֮ԲһȻһʴʣȻ䣬ɴ½ϵ߶Ǻġ
һƾųͿһʶս֪һжôֲԵְ쿴оȻһǸ𺳡
񿴼ԼʦˣɻѣǰɣȻһɱһ񣬿ȴΪܹʤùԼʦ塣
Ҫ֪Լλʦ壬ʵʵĶѾ˿ռѹ˵һһ񶼴򲻹ôҲδ̫ˡ
ְ뷨֪ʲôϾһʵֲ̫ˣҲ
Ȼǰֻǽ񾳽磬ӵһĽʵԲһһô򵥣˫սְҲ˵һܹɱꡣ
ȳȥ
ְЩص˵Ժ꽣ʵӳȻ֮仹δֳߵͣҪɱʦֶȴ練ƣϾոѾǰ֮
ʦ壬ǲȥ˽
֪ʦ嵽ʲô˼ֲõԤУ˴˶֪ʦ嶼ܹɱôʱҲ϶⡣
ߵȴԼʦ干ֻҪԼλʦֶϵı飬ְѾܹ뵽롣
ݺݵһ۵Ķ˼ųҪɱǾͺƵģ֪ôĶȻôʶɫ
޹أȥ
ְЩɲ֪ʲôʱͻ֣ϾոϢĽ뷿䣬ȴûһܹ֣Ѿ˵һС
ȻһԸ⣬Ų׼뿪ɾʱһֱûд˵Ҷ죬Ȼʧԭء
źȻʧĺְ꣬ɫ˲䣬һСģȴѾˣֱҶչռ˲Ƽܣֱ˲Ƶ񱳺󣬺ԥĻӳеĳ񽣡
һһ˲ɱû˿ķΪԼ˭򣬺ҪԼ˳֣Ҳ˼ɡ
ʵû뵽ǣһ򣬺ȻĶǳˣں޷£һһûзӦͱɱˡ

ְ쳹ױŭˣ겻ħһƤӵ£һٶĻɱԼˣǶԼһֳ衣
ֱʹռְǶǰδеŭղɱôҲϻȥˡ
Ŀռ֮ҶˣռںǬȻûȫںϣǶĿռֻ֮ҪҶͷųռƣȫߡ
ЦҶ𶼸ҳ֣οѾһССĶӲֻ֣ҪСںͻκεһ˶Ը㣬ϲĿҲֵס
ʵҶ컹ǱȽƵģ֮ǰҲﵽ˵ڶ磬һ֮ΪҲͻ˽֮
ǲ֪ΪʲôҶҪ֮ʱȴֲԼôתټ֮ˡ
¿ɾƻҶ죬ֱһƽ㲻ռ֮Ϊﵽ֮Ҳܹӹ̽ʵ
˰ڣҶ뵽ǲԼ֮ԶţϾ֮ǿ󣬾ѾҲ֪᲻º֢
ˣȻ֮ΪҲﵽ˽֮ȴܼ֮ˣ֢ƺЩˡ
ûк֢ƾʱԼϻɱɱ֮˵ͻƽ֮㲻ͻƣȵԼĵռǬȫںϣ֮ôʱһӴﵽ۷ҲǺܲġ


814 䣬Ѫɱ
ûʹռ˲ƼܣҶеĲ񽣣һһְսš
֮ǰҶȻɱ˲ǲһˣ϶Կռ˲ΪȻԲ˲ɱ
ְֻһˣҶҪԼ۷ʵһսܹΡ
սһ룬ҶֱʹױʥأҶһӡܣױռ˲ռ
뿪ʥصڣҶûʹռΪ֪ΪʲôӡǵĿռһʹҪԪ
Բ򲻵ѣҶʹռܣϾȻʵʹռԺĽɱ
ױһʹҶ챳ʮ˸̿ʮ˸̾ʮ˵һ㣬һһȺ󲻼ϵĹְϡ
ȻΪѾﵽְ֮ķȴ޵еģҶΪѾﵽ˽۷֮ױεȿֲ
ױȻûнְ쳹״ɱϵʮ˸̺ݺݵְϸҲʹλ˲Ѫϡ
ױܣҶҲûţеĲ񽣣һ˲ʹһһֲһְϡ
¶һͷֻа״èͷӥ˫Ķǰĺ꣬Щ˵ҲҪ񶾵ԣһһܾĥ
ĿЦְֻıͣû֮еԱǻһѪˮٵڵγһͼ
Ѫɫͼ˲䷢ѪɫĹâӿѪɫͼ֮ڣͼҶɫЩΪʶְ֮ǰµѪɫͼʲô
ΪԴӴﵽ۷֮ս¼ҶѾȫս¼֮УҶ֪ǰѪɫͼѪɱǴ½ΪаһѪġ
˵Ѫɱʧ½һ壬˳֮Ϊ壬Ȼʵôǿ󣬿ȴһԣһγɣô֮˾ͻһһܾĥʵжôǿ䶼һһ
ԹԼĵҲˣҰļ󣬶κжԣԿֲ֮
һʱ֮䣬½Ѫɺӣضһ㵭Ѫ֮
Ϊ˴½Σô½ķƽ˾½ɳһ壬ɳһ䡣
½Ѿ޵дڣ֮⣬±磬ȫ䣬ȫ䡣
º䶯˵ʱ½һʱ֮䣬ȵ𣬾ȻΪ˴½ϵһǹ˵һλ
ҲʼĲʼȥѪģν޵С
ȻÿһѪĶҪһˣѪľ˱̬һʹѪĶԻɱһĿֲ֮
½ٶǿҲĥƾѪĵڽڰˣ㽫
ȫɽɱżʹͬ½ǿ߻㼯һʴɱ塣
ΪǿĴڣۣҲʹǿʵʴڶǿһܲ
һս½ǿȻʧ˲٣ɲô˵弸ȫʱ׼նݳǿȻʵʣ񷢳ԣһ䡣
ûа취ЭˣϾʵжôǿʼˣֻҪ˶ϧԼԼһʣµ˲̤½һʻٴηټǿһַͬ塣
ҲԼδ̤½һҶʵû뵽ڶħһλϿʧѪġ
ѪֻŻᣬȻְѪģôֻ˵һ㣬ְˣһ뵽пܸ½ҶɫҲˡ
Ҷûж㣬ΪְѾѪģһ뿪Ҳ޲а취ڵѪĻ⡣
ں˶Ĳ񷽣ѪĵĿǣ½ʶδܹѪģҲԼ
ҶеЩصǣδɾھȻһ壬⻼ʱûڶǿԳֱ룬ܵ


815 ջ
ûмħҶֱڷڿʼڵѪɱԡ
ΪѪɱʵǹڰԵҶӵŲ񷽣ҪڵѪɱԣҲһ׵顣
ڲ񷽣оȫ֣ĵֵѪɱ֣ɫ΢ЩأҺڵѪɱԿʼɢҶ컹治֪ô졣
һʱĲϵֵҶò񷽣ڵѪɱȫɾ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ첻ְ֪壬壬Ҳ˵᲻˵Լ
ҶȴԼһ̸ҵҲ޲ϾʻҪͨ޷뿪졣
⻼ҶţһѡˣȻٿ壬ô˵Ƚ˵в
Լ׸ô죿
ȻҶ֪¸飬Ϊ½һӣܲܿŴ½ˮȶŲʰɡ
Ҳмѣк֪һʱ幥½߶ʮһֱӴɱ䣬ôָô졣
ҶյѡǾ죬½ϳ龡֪ͨʣҲڶи׼ʡĵʱ򱻴˸ֲͲˡ
ҶڵĵǶħֵħһ죬һֵܵҶѾһħֵ
ûȥһħֵ֮ǰҶԲŹ죬ڲͬգʡʱ졣
ҶԼȥħܵпܾڶħϣԼܻɱҲҪöħۡ
뵽Ҷûٳɣֱӿٳ֮ĵȥħ죬һĵ죬Ƕħܵ
Ҷ²һ㲻ȷڶħ֮ܵϣȻħ뽣񺣴սɲ˻ǽ񺣵λƺĬĶ˸ԵĵϣûвμĴս
˵һһΪ˶Կ壬ʷżǿһͬɱ壬ʹ岻ǩԼ̤½һ
ڶһͬΪά½гһս𼶱ǿ߶սؽ⵽Ѫȱ
һʷΪ죬˹½ٴηگһֵ˹롣
Ϊ°ΣУʾͺ;һ㣬ΪҪʷ˵½Ѳ
ضħֱǰսջ𣬰սǧǰΪˣ񺣲ŲòԷڽϡ
ھջɳ֮һ˵ҲɣսǾջĵӣջ֮ȡ֣Щʵġ
˵ջСͺϲջϲʲô̶˿֪ɾջԼ׵ֶҪԼΪջ
һΣջ£·ϿһȺһƬջһŭ֮£ջ𲻽Щ˶žջͷϴջȫɱ
ɴ˿ɼλջھջǶôжӣΪֺԼλʦ𣬰սרſճһƬյȦջЧҲջ𿴼ТǸģÿ;ջǿջ
һƬľջԣսɫЩصĿǰԼλʦ˵ʦ𣬴սѾˣǶħڽڰˣȥǸֵס񺣵Ĺ
ƺûսĻջȻǰĶջʱջ˸Щͷ˵ֻҪûдħյĽ˭Ҳ֪
ʦ𰸣սǸƣȻǶħλ𣬿ֻܸɵۣϾʷս
ħȻʵǿҲûǿʹͬĵزһʱ֮䣬սνǳͷ
ƺԼλеķ꣬ջժһջŽӺݺݵһ£ƺһ㣬ֱҪŮһ޶Ҫˬϼ򱶡
ʦˣսǸȴҶ˵ʲô˾ջʦ֮⣬ջѾﵽֻ֮һʵԱԶ׼
սͻѾǧ֮˰ɣ
Ȼ֪ʦΪʲôʣսǹĻشʦ˵ԴΪﵽѾǧˣʦ̵зӲɾ͡


816 ǾջǵĻ
ͷڰսĻش𣬾ջƺ⡣
ȻսҽԲܲսҶҲͬܲսԸ赣ǣܹħǧ֮ǰˣαصȵڡ
ʦĵ㲦սʱˣҲǹңһֱƽ⣬˭Ҳͺβ˭
ȻħһֱڽڰˣɽҲûħ˵ʲô
˵Խ񺣵ʵ޷սʤħǶڽһλ򣬰սЩɵѡ
ʦ𣬲ô񺣶ҶǶħʼնȾָ񺣡
ĵ˵ͷڽ񺣵λҶ죬ջǺܼɵģϾ˵ΪԴﵽ˶֮ദ꣬ڸԵʵж
δջսҲãϾԶһ򣬸˭Ҳκβ˭
˭֪ԼһȻٴγһ𣬶һĵӣþջû뵽ġ
ħλǿҪȽ񺣸߳һԾջûκεĵǣ㵽˽ͷҶҲ˼Լһǿ߶˼ɡ
սһͬ涨κս𼶱ǿ߶սȴû˵𲻿͵Ϯ
ջĻȻû˵꣬е˼ֻ˵ܲսû˵͵Ϯ
ջΪ˹˼Ҷ죬Բ֣ܳǶħλֻҪ͵Ϯô⵺֮˭ֵܹ
жԼʦͶأͬΪ𣬿Լʦô޳ܵİ취ܹĳԼȴУ˱˰
кݺݵ̾Ϣһþջ֪Լӵ룬֪᲻ᵱȥ
ͨһУսҲû˿ͣô˵ħڽڰˣѾչͷٲһħиʲô飬ôԵħڡ
սߺ󣬶ڵռ֮ڵҶݺݵıһλģʵ겻սǾȻȥ͵Ϯ
Ҫ֪ǿĴڣ˭뵽͵Ϯһ͵ϮΪ͵ˣѲʹ涨͵Ϯˣû취ˡ
벻һջ𣬾Ȼһ޳ˣʧʧ
뿪ռ䣬Ҷ쿴ǰǻǸһһǿߣȴƫƫвŮȻϲջ
˭
źȻֵĺ꣬ջɫһ𺳼ˣҪ֪һ𣬾ҲϢ߶֡
ֻһ񣬾ջȫˣʲôһȻܹԼϢϢĽԼҲˡ
һˡ
ûеȾջ˵Ҷ˵ջм㣬ʵ档
һĺ꣬ջ˵ͷνħҶݶΪľǲþջϳԼҶйһ֮Եľջʼնûϳǵһ뿪ꡣ
˶ջ𣬶ҲһֱԾջԾӣһֱиʣջ֣֮ǲΪСʱ˱ջ
ҶĻû˵꣬ջ㱻εɫ˲䣬ϸǱһɾ˵ɱ̫֪ˡ
ʲôˣһǿߣ˾ʲôʱ˸˶Դ
֮ȡջΪʲôСʱ˱ջϲջѾ˷ʳĵز˽֪
ʣûнүү̲̣޿С̡
ʱֹ
ȾջʹʱֹҶӰѾʧȻҶʵĿռ֮ɻûдﵽʱ֮ĵز
ŵռ̣Ҷ¾ջ𣬴򲻹˶ռ䣬ջʵͨΡ
꣬㻹ųƾջҿһջ޳֮ͽЩɣֱÿ챬ջˣȻҲܻ֮ãǴ½ıħı硣
Ѿģү򲻹ҲҪ㣬ģ˭޳ܣʲôֲþȻջôڿԼоջ
Ҷʵڿ˳ۣһүǣϲʲôãƫƫϲջһˣʲôֲãҪջүΪջ񳹵ʧħŻˡ


817 벶ȸں
ջֱѾ˱Եƺʱܻ᳹ױ
ǹ߻ϲľջ˵ѽƬռ𣬿ɾˣջʵ̫ˣԽмջ꼰㡣

űȥľջջһϲĲŮˣҲǽǮʵһֻϲһǾǾջ
˵ջеΨһջѡһôջԻԥѡջԼ
ԴջջԴԼŮһں겻һٵ˼ջջѾ˱ߵıԵ
оƺѾˣҶ˼ݵģȻȥϾҪȥ׷ϰսΪҶһİɱжôֲ
սҶ첻ֵĻô񺣾ûһܹսİɱ۷ǿҲͬС
ô˵Լǽ񺣵ˣôԼҪֹսɱ񺣵ˣ㸶һдۡ
սҲ뵽Ȼ˸Ҷһ̸սһµʱ㲻ܻɱսҲܵˡ
ҶȴûҪ֪һŭǺֲܿΣһɱ˰ս𣬵ʱսһղסȥ˽񺣴֣ôԼŪɳ׾
Ҷڰսһֱ׷ȥҪɱħϵļλ뽣񺣵İΣҶ컹ѡ˽񺣡
ħ뽣񺣴սĵطһ죬챻ʱΪԢֻһ뿪
ո׷ս̤Ҷɫ˲ˣΪѾܵٹǿϢʥв١
βǶħǽ񺣶˴ǮŽԷĿģϵ׶˳
սոϰû¶棬ȻΪѾﵽ֮Ҳӵʹͬ
ʵ֪Ȼμ֮ĴսôͻֹħʱħҪΪ
԰սǺܵ͵Ǳ룬Ͼɱһ˵򵥲ˣʵǽ񺣵Ҷ٣ܵ
ŹİսҶǸӣǱүûʮսɱΪԼܹôΰɡ
ȡ񽣣Ҷһ·֮һֱһᣬֻҪս˿Ҷͻԥǰһ
ܿ죬սѾħһ˽񺣵ĵ̣Ϊ룬һǶħһǽ񺣣սһ붼ѡмĵս
֮ûпսȫΪϢʱ䣬ƺĬÿʱ򶼻ѡͬʱ֣ȻԻصԵĵϢżս
񺣵ĵ̣սרٵĵطһԶһڶϢƺǸողμ˴ս񺣵Ľȥƣѡ
Цһɱһ񣬲Ҫ˵ɱɱҲǰսСǧñ˿
ͬһҶ벶ȸںѾģô밵ɱҽ񺣵ˣУүȫ㣬ҲԱɱζ
ûҶֱɢռƣҲûеֵסռƣŵһǰһǰĺڰսͬˡ
׼ɱʱ̣ܿռȻһֲƣƵ֮ǿȫ֪Χ
սΪǲԼ̫ùеһλһ룬̫ܰʳ֮⣬Ĵȫ졣
սһ첻Ĵһձ㲻뿪죬ʣսڿǷΧ֮ڡ
ðսʵ벻ͨǣ䣬֮⣬˭ܹɢǿƣ¾ʦҲʮ֮һ
Ұսʻ϶һ£ǾǴ˾Բǽ񺣵λΪҶԼʦջһǶ
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һ̣ս𱻳ŪͿˣʵ벻˭ŵ⣬⵺ϳ֮⣬ʲôʱֳһλǿߡ
ֲѹţսǻ˵ϰɱһֻ뾡뿪ڰɱǿߵպ˵Ͼʵ̫ˣεеһ˿£һ£ǶôЦһ顣
λǰ٣սʲôطĲŭǰǰ¡


818 һĻɳܵľ
û뿪Ͼһ̰ս֪Է˭ʵΣ
ʵսﻹЩɵģΪֻƲˣ˵ʵôֻǿˡ
ò˵սȽֱ̫ˣҶͷųռƣֱŵĶûʲôӡ
ǰս𻹲Լ룬ԷֻƾҪסôٺòһԷʵǿʱ鷳ˡ
ҰսҲ֪ԼԲõʶҶȴûͶռ˵˴ս𣬱ֹȴû뵽һĻɳܵľ󣬿㻹һλǿߡ
˻սжʱãߵĽһѣʱһϳԼǶħİս鷳ˡ
ȻҶ䣬ϢĽȻתѣǰİսɫʱ˵սñɣ˫սսû뵽Ȼ޳ܡ
аһսԼôôùɱȻ˵ˣǸƲѡ
ˣֻ·ڴˣû˿ͼ뿪
Ȼ˷֣ս𲻵òãɲ뽫ħϲ֮·ϾʹͬǺġ
ɾʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһƫгŰսȥòҵôһᣬҶŹ
ʱǰžȻµĽսʱд󾪣òҲ֪˭Լ֣һǶڰλǿߡ
Ϊﵽһ𣬰սѾܹʹʱǰͨԵһʱܵսʹʱǰͨ
ĴڣҶĲһ޷͸ʱ֮˵ս𣬶Ҷʵ뵽
΢΢һ̾ԼʵǲУȵռǬȫںϣôʱ޷ɱ𣬿Ҳ㡣
Լսû˿ĳɣֱӳԭ·أٶ֮죬ҶҲССԾһ¡
Ҷûȥ׷ս𣬱Ͼ׷ΣʵĶ֣һͬˡ
뿪ռ䣬Ҷǰֱ˵ǽҶҵҶ졣
Ҷҵˣ
ĵ˵ͷڵͷųҲûκλɣϾǽҶҵ֤һ㣬˸޷α졣
ȴսһԼ˾Ƕһӷ֣һǽʵȻ޷͸ǰʵ˵ʲô˵ΪҪǿ
źϵأӹĺһǰΪǽĴ֮һּҵˣʵԼǿôֻܺǰ
ӺԼǰҶҲûйڣϾϣʵʹһУӴҶ뽣ȵĴӪ
ڴӪ֮УҶԼүүҶԣҶĽѩ֮ҶĽѩĸѾǾĽѩԼŮˡ
Ϊʲô
ԼӺȻ٣˭ЩȣԴҶͬʱĴ֮ҶѾΪ񺣵ˡ
ͬʱĴʲôȻ֪ǽ񺣵ȴ֪һ£Ǿǽ񺣵ֻǾ飬ʵѾΪ½һǿߡ
ҶҶҲû˿Ͼ˶ףҶ콫Լô죬Ȼڶħˣһһʮȫ˵˳
֣ɫ˲䣬Ҷص˵屻ʱƵöԼ̤½һû뵽ȻԼٴ̤½
ĿֲԣﶼҶ˵ı˵µԼôȫ죬̤½˭ֵܹ
ƺ뵽ʲôҶʵôڶħ
ʵҶ뵽Ҷ첻Ŷħİ壬Ҫ֪½ĵˣ壬½ԣԣħ»ûôɵɡ
Ҷܹ뵽ģҶԵҲܹ뵽һʱ֮䣬˶ڶħȫʶħİ壬ôħͲֻǽ񺣵ĵˣǾ½ĵˡ
֪£ôħδѾܹԤϵϾֻҪôǿĪҲӣʱħҪ½ǿ߶Կһ̫ܵ顣


819 Ҷ
ҶɫأϾϵش󣬾񺣶޷ܡ
ʱض˵ȥڸոհս͵Ϯ񺣵飬Իڣ˶ȥɡ
˿ܣҶЩȻʥؿսĹؼʱ̣ȴͷȴ£廹˶ħ
ҶѾʱħսȥ񺣵ȫؽ񵺣ȵŪħǲǰ˵
Ҷһ£ȫˣʱĽѾȫʧ¿öħɻѡ
ħױŪˣû뿪İսҲŪˣûһ⣬ΪʲôͻȻȫ
Ҫ֪ԴӶħ뽣񺣿սħһֱǽڽڰˣۿҪʤˣɵ˽ͷΪʲôͻȻ
ԽսԽΣκεĳɣŶħ˿ٷأΪҪʾԼʦʽ񺣵ʲôϷ
ڶλص񺣣ҶֱĹò񷽣ֻתȫ˳Ȼȫ
һУҶ׼죬ΪҶԵ˼ΪҪһжƳ٣Ҷ׼ȲȥʥأǸĵǰ죬֮ʡ
Ҷ첢ûдĽѩϾ̫࣬ƳҲǺܰȫڶǿߣ֮󣬸ڽ鷳˻ûг
ɸո뿪񺣻ص½ҶõһϢõϢ֮Ҷ㱩ߣΪ֮Ĵүʥ۷ַ弴ӭȢڵꡣ
ҶǸƣ˵һ֮ôȻָĳ֮ñүԿ
УҲȽҪҪǧ򱶣֮Ტۡ
Ҷ죬㵽ʱĹ½ΣʧȥԼŮˣǲܵġ
ԽǣҶûм죬ǳڶȥΪھ⵺źܳһ·Ҷ첻ʹͿռ˲ƣҲں̵ܶʱڸϵ
죬֮ڴ⵺ϵڣҶ˵һ޴ս
ڣ֮һֻʣĴˣΪǰã½ȻһϢűˡ
űڣ¸ոմ½Ϊֹ֮ûã½ȺٴδϢ
½֮һĻ󽣵ʥ֮һĽɽҲͬʱ˭ݿɿϢһ°׷ꡣ
°׷ħ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷͷǹˣ°׷ҲΪ˼Ͼһ֮׳پǿǰ
һ·֮ϣҶĶǹԼĴ˵ʲôԼһɱħΪһŮ˶ɱ
ҶԿţɽΪôүͱɱħˣⲻ
ڣĴ֮һӭǧһȵĺӣΪʥ֮һүַҪȥڴСΪޡ
һ£ޱĺ飬ȴһܹΪģΪ˼ҡ
ʵ˼ΣϾӭȢʥ֮һҾ˵λĴүַ壬ΪѴﵽʥ۷ֻ֮һͿȶ֮λ
֮λֻҪһ룬ھ͸оǰһƬϾҪʥأôպھΪһŶпܵġ
ȫһˣȻð°׷ħˣҲϲ꣬һʥүһɱĿֲɱħ˿ǰΪ֮С
ÿһﶼ֪޸˭ҲУǶﲻһҲŵĺ󳾡
׵
ɫصľϣɬѣܹ޸Ĵү˵һޱȺ¡
ʱȴƫƫһλɱħһʥүһɱħǵ˭ڶ˲䱻
ص̾ϢһԸԼŮ˭ҲûǣҲԸٲ֮أȢӣǸɱħ첻ңպҲʦ
ֱ˿̣ļǵãǸŵΣҪ֪Ҷʵڣֻǲʱ䣬Ѿɳһ֮ţһȫ


820 Ͷ̥
ֻҪһ뵽ɳٶȣоС
Ȼ֮Ϊ֮һҲǿһܣ֮⣬ǳҲ֪
һλǳ֮⣬ܣʲô˸ҵҰ
һѱΣһĴүֻҪָͷھͻ˲䱻
һɱħһ֮ʵ˵ʲôΪҲӦôﵽ֮
ֻҪһ뵽ʵ̲סβѣԴʴڶ뿪½֮޵еĴ
Ҫ֪һһ򣬿ȴ˵
ѵϣŮ޸ַ𣿡
ʱ򣬴Ż껺ɫЩ԰ףЩ˫ͨѾ޹
ԼŮ΢΢һ̾Ϊţô㣿ϾʵΪУȽֵܹ塣
Сֵ꣬𣿡ô˵ǰŮԼŮΪŲòԼŮŮʼնŮ
¶һ˿ЦԼĸףԼܹΪڵĵӣ׼Ҷ죬˵֮֮ļ޸ַ塣
ϣԼһ֮ˣôѾΣԼ޸ַģԼҲᡣ
ҲֵֻԼ˵طͶ̥ҲͶŮϣҲ䵽ز
ǸˣֻԼ±밮һͷϣԼŮˣ˵ʲôȴʼû˵һ䡣
ڻвһʱֻҪһַͻǰȢףʱѳɶ֡
һֻϣԼܹްԣʱҶڣްԣϣֵܹסҶĽ
ȴ֮еʱǹĺܿΣһգۣѾȻҲԤʾţѾȥµһѾ
̫ո¶ͷ֮±һȺˣҶڣһܹʶǰĴүַ塣
뿪ʥؿռ䣬ַڶǿߵİһͻʥ֮ﵽ񾳽磬ΪʥʷΪǿߡ
ΪףԼΪͻַ֮ʱҪǰȢԼİ˹ţ֮м꣬һ飬ûûҹͣ룬һڿԵóԸ
Ϊ˸ԼİӣҲΪ˸Լӣַӭףİٷ֮ʮǿȫ˳
ַĸΪʥΪ˸ԼĶӣʥɳǿߣλʮλʮλ
ʲôҲ˵ַδǿߣȫԺɨ½˼֮⣬Ե֪֮ƺࡣ
Ȼ½һֱҶһ֮ûЩţһֱиʣǾҶΪ񺣵ˣ˵ǽ񺣵ˣôַҶ֮䣬ỹԥѡַ壬ѡ
ǿ߳ӭӣһֱڵûмȥȻ񣬿ȴʮ
ַ˶ǿ߸һΪԼӣ߾ΪڣһĻڴ½ϵλˮǴߣųΪ½һڶ˿⡣
ڵϳһҲػûʲô⣬ϳһǲֵġ
ǰϳɫ˵ѿǱ˵ǲӽˮˣ˵ʲôã֪СѾҶ죬Ϊʲôнַ壬ںˣ˼ַˣҿ㵽ʱôҶ콻
ϳǰĿǳΪڵռػߣǿߣϳϿĺܶ࣬ҲĸԶ
ҶȻܹһ֮ʵǲǽ˽񺣵ҶʵѾСƣʵҶĶ֡
ȻҶʵл֮һĻѾ˵Ҷһʲôˣ˼ҵ͸˱ˣʱҶ첻˲ŶԣԼȴס


821 նһ
ҲǺܾȣΪʲôڻ˿Ҷ죬ѵ
Ѿ⣬Լڶѡôһ޷ˣʱǽͷߵͲˡ
ƺѾ룬ϳֻ΢΢һ̾ô˵ڵȻֺܸߣȴҲ̫ŵ顣
ҲˣֻȰͷǰʱڻ֣ǰ
˵֮ϳҲӭʲôǿߣϳ뿪֮ǿ߳ȥӭַ壬һʱ֮䣬롣
ʥؿνʵǿܹһô֪ĽˣӴ֮ȫţΪµһš
֪Сʲôط
ַԼ΢΢һȻֻһƺַ֮Բǿ
ȻѾǸ߲ʣүƨǣֻҪ˼Ը⣬ʱԽ׻
ȻֲˬȴҶ˵һ䣬ϾʵݶǣЩ΢˵үԵȣ˽С
ãûǽλλøַ壬ĴԴˣʮֵ
˸ոҲѾޱϲû˿ı飬ɲ֪ΪʲôԼŮˣЩõԤС
ǿѹеķ꣬Ц˵С꣬үĴϲ֮գӦÿĵ㣬硭
ûеѻ˵ַ꣬ƺѾЩͷֱ˵ȻСѾǾ·ɡ
ַ̬ȣǸŭԣַҲֱС뿪˴׼
ſС꣬
ո߳׼뿪ʱ򣬾֮ϺȻһ΢ŭɫ˲䣬˲ַ壬Ĵȫʹռ֮Ƭռȫᡣ
ɾҶҲ˲նַһ첲ûеĴӦһֱСٴʧԭء
ռ֮ڣҶɫЩĵĿǰŮ˵ҿҲ٣㻹ðɣСꡣ
ƺЩǰһУȻ˵Ҷ컳οһС꣬Ҷ뿪˵ռ䣬ϾЩ黹Ҫ
ռ֮⣬ĴɫصĿŶһ۵ַ壬ʵ벻ʲô˵ΪУҿԷʵԲˣĴνǿɬޱȡ
ַΪ׳ԼӣڵãַȻ˵Ƥӵ±նһۣλȥʥҪ֪ʥֻôһӡ
үǸϿȥ˲򵥣˵ʵҲֲ֡
λĻַȻвʣҲûж˵ʲôϾոһնһۣѾ˵˺ܶ⣬Ҫ֪ΪѾﵽ֮ǿ߲ſϢնԼһۡ
Ĵ񶼺ܼɵˣ˵˵ʵѾܹԿģҪľǸϽϻϲߡ
ȻˣΪʲôżȥġ
䣬ҶӰȻǰַ꣬循㡣
Ҷ죬ܲʶʥؿյؼֱʥַͨʵû뵽Ȼꡣ
ΪСã
ַôɵҲ³һЩè壬ֻҪһ뵽Լİ֮˾Ȼǰ鸾ַоͺ޵ȴûиȻҶһˣ˵޿֡
ôҾʹȥʥأû뵽Ȼ㣬㵹ùɣһ뿪
˻ַ壬һֱûи˵Ҳһ£ʲôʲôҲû뵽ʵȻǿֱ˵ɱɱһ㶼˼Էݡ
ոճ֣Ѿ³ǺҲǸΪɱħҶ֮⻹˭ֻʵû뵽껹ȻĸҪ֪ʮʵԿҪ˲ʮڡ
ҶȻһڷЩ˵һλøףȻԼŮףǿСϣضһǷȰһ䣬Ҫ֪֮ǲǰ;ġ


822 淨
ҶĻǳ裬һҲӴ˻ȥ
ĴܹܣȻ֪ʵǿ󣬿ΪԼϣ˶ǰǲܶӡ
Ĵ˲ǻûߵһ룬һǿֱѹϣ˵ɫ˲䣬ûһٸ
ȻӺҪȽȴвģȻƣûС
ʲôĴﶼڴˣҲδܹǸеֻд˵֮еʲſԴﵽ˵ز
ʵĴǱҶסˣҶȻǿޱȣȴûʲôɱĴԿ˷ȫԵֵס
ϧĴѱҶոһסʵΪҪ˶ߣԴһʼ˶һּɵ
ЦһҶҪľЧռ˲ƼֱչҶӰ˲ʧһҶȻֱӻӳ񽣣һҵĺ쳹ڵľ
һɱһڳȫʵ𺳣ҶûиκεĻᣬֱٴչռ˲ͨʧԭء
Ҳʵ𺳣Ҳʵû뵽ʵȻֲ˹һɱһ¾Ҳ޷ɡ
һ̸ܲô࣬Ȼˣ֮ʣ˸ȥںʲô
һ̣һǾǸϿ뿪ڣӴ֮ҲʲôƨϾַѾնһۣĶʱԲŹַ塣
ַ屻ɱ˻صΣ㵽ʱʱʥɱǣʥҲ뾡ְ취ɱΪԼĶӱ
ȻҪ뿪ڣȴ˲뿪ʹɱʥصҶ죬˺õĻ׷Ź
ַ廹ΪС첻ȫ£ôôԵԼԵСꡣ
ſռ˲ƼܣҶĶ֣һ˲ֱӳһϢû˿ķ
ûзǲûзȰȻߣ˷ʱ䣬Ҷֱӻӳ񽣡

һҵĺٴһɱʣµֱҪƵˣȻǵΪѾﵽ֮ǻûдﵽĮĵز

Цţһһͷ׷ҶȻʹ䣬һ̣Ҷͺһɱһ㣬ιĿֲϢɢɢȥ
ವһҶӰٴʧԭأһһȻǰκεĻᣬһٴλӳ
Ĵ䣬ʣµȫɵˣʵҲе̬ˣ軹ǲˡ
һ̣ţȷʵǸںޣܹܾ˵һѾΪʥ֮ϵ
ЩһǲܷڵģҲûܹԭԼŮԭ£ڵȫˣֻʣˡ
ۿܵˣҶٴչռ˲ͨеĲ˿Ļ˳ȥ񣬶ʮʥȫɱ
ˣɳ˳ַ֮ȫɱһصʬ壬ֱַҪˡ
Щˣٷ֮ʮʵʧȥЩǿߣʥֻĩҽ޷֮ա
ַôҲ벻챾Ĵ֮գԼΪͻ֮һԵõԼ֮ˣν˫ϲţ˭ܹ뵽Լİ֮˲ᣬ֮ȫɱһٶĴ
żַ壬Ҷû˿ϧΪϣ˭ȭͷ˭˭˵Ȩͻᱻ۸ɱȴ˿Թԡ
淨ǰҶûʵôʥɵɱʵǿô硣
ҪֻܹʥңֻջصϢˣģãұɱʥأʱڻȪ·ҲĹµˡ
ո˵꣬Ҷֱӻӳһַͷ­𣬸ַκο˵ĻᣬΪҶ첻ϻ
ɱַڶǿߣҶףˣĲݣԼȥҲŹԼ


823 ǻԲð
ɱַˣʵҲ֮ǰʮ֮һҲ˵Ҳ޷ʥؿ⡣
ʥҲ޷뵽ԼӽȢףɳǿߣϧȴ˸¾һգ֪֪Ϣ֮ô졣
Ҷڣַһеȫڣʱһˣڶпܡ
֮ǰҶԻȺıô˵ڶļңԼ˵ļң᲻ܡ
Ҷ˵ʲôҲٹܣΪģΪΪھȻͲС
ȻҶҲͬһҲȫ֣ǲô˵С궼ŮΪŶԼŮ˵ʲôҲУ껹İˡ
ҶûڣϾǰ֮˭֪Ǹ׻᲻ʲôΪԷһҶ콫ʥܽ꣬Ƴǡ
ʥܱҶţ½˼֮⣬ܹƲ֮ʥܣҶܷġ
꣬Ҷʱһ䣬׼ȥ챨ţȻٸʥصģı⣬ȥʥغ졣
֪ʥͨ£Ҷ׽ʥأҶֱӸϾѾɱˣӦġ
Ҷ룬ΪԼӵǰʥ޷罫ǿȫ˳ȥһл޷ڡ
λʥҶϿԿ϶λڣʥصڡ
жʱһϲʥҶɵľλֻҪλôҶȫֱӡ
Ҷûвͷ¶βâǰλҶֱԲ˵ڵȫˡ
ڵȫˡ
һ仰޷һȫסΪǰ˵ʲôҪ֪ڼǰĶӴڶǿ߸ڣȻûһ˻
˻ƣƾôǿߣ·ϳʲô飬ҲʲôҪ֪ʮʲô
Ҷ죿
ҶʥزûݣΪԼڻɱ²֮ͻᴫ½ʱԼҲûʲôá
Ҷʥر֪ǧ֮ǰսת֮ҶԶַˣҲʥص
֮ʥһֱûжҶ֣ȫΪ˹˼񺣣ʥҲ˴αûлɱҶˡ
ʵҶ첢֪ʥ֮һһǾʵĳǬҲҶʥؿռ֮ڵõˡ
Եʥؽ˴ʥĳͲʲôĳһαҲǱ΢ˡ
ΪǻԲðɡ
ҶĻɫһʵ벻ͨƾʲô˵ҶΪֻǴﵽ˽۷֮ǵ֮һ޷Խĺ蹵ȻԲã¼ЦЦ
ƺ룬ҶҲûж˵ʲôϾЩж˵ʵʵ㣬ֱչռ˲ƼܣҶӰ˲ʧԭء
Ȼʧԭأɫ䣬𣬸ո˵ڵȫˣҲ˵ɳˣȫɱˡ
Ҫ֪ɳǿ߿ʮ񣬶ʮʥʲôʵ´½ûһſҪֵס
ɾɿֲʵȻȫɱ˵ʵʵǱֵһ㣬Ҳﵽ۷֮
һ뵽Է۷ǿߣĿʼϾҶʥ֮ʱΪֻʥ˶̵ʱ䣬ȻֱӴʥĵ۷壬ٶȡ
΢΢һ֪ΪʲôȻʧһ̣кȻһ˿ΣոУ˵ʲô˵Ǵĸо
κεĳɣֱͷųĿռ֮֮ȫռ֮ӣģ۷ҲܶǵĿռ֮ӡ
еޱ𺳵ǣʹĿռ֮ռ֮Ӷ޷ҵӰ
صĶ£ǶԿǲ˿ĵǣڣǾȻӰӶҲ


824 ۷
ҿʱ򣬿ռ֮кȻһֲĽ
ɫ䣬ʵû뵽ʵѾɳ˵ز۷ǿҲδܹ˾춯صһ
һո׼ֿ˷Ȼǳ׾ˣԴӽֵһ̣ѾףԼ˲Ķ֡
û˿ԥյĹͷȫѡԱΪǿɲ뱻ɱҪҲҪһ
ջʧˣΪҶ죬һӵеռľǿߣԱҶ˵û˿Ĺϵ
ȵԱϣҶƵĴӵռڳѾΪеҶϧҡҡͷ
λһҲԤʾԴ˲ʥأΪһҲ֪ܹʡ¶١
ʥһֱǴ½ϵʥأӣȴֻ˽˭ԩ˭
ȭͷͿһУһ㣬ֻҪʹͬ֮˭Ҳӡ
ϣʾʹʵ۷壬ʿָ˵Ĺ˵ΥµĹôֻһ
ľҶﰵԷģһ죬ԼҲվǸ߶ȣԼĹ˶ԼĹ¡
߳Ҷ첢ûм׷ɱˣʵһǾǵ͵Ϯүүλ
ȻҶȴҲλֻ뿪ɾʱҶɫȻϲֱʧԭء
Ҷ죬ǲǳʲôˣ
һҶ죬С뻢λǾȲѣǵӰҶһ㶼ǳ侲ֹ̬ʱ
˲ʻҶֱռ룬̧ͷϿգΪոոоǬ뵤ռƺҪںˡ
С׼ҪʣȴƺҶҪʲôһ֮ҶΪͻơ
Ļ䣬ֻռͲһ£ֻռ俪ʼһգ۵ʱ䣬ոջܿͷĵռ䣬һȴѾһ޼ʵĿռ䡣
ռ䶼˿ռܹ֮ò˶೤ʱ䣬ʱ֮տռ֮Ϊﵽ֮
ҶҲ˿ĳɣֱڵϾĸžʱֻ̣ҪռǬȫںϣôΪͿͻ֮
ֻǶ̶̵İʱҶѾ˹֮˿ռ֮þ޷ͻƵҲһˮɡ
һҶΪҶ첢ûоʹ˰ݣԼĵռ䣬ں˳ĵռ䣬ռ֮Ըпռ֮
Ҳ˵ҶԼĵռڳռֱ֮ﵽ۷֮ʱҶҲһս֮ûС
ͻƵĲҶ죬һߵСںͻ˸оȻֵĿռ֮϶¶һ˿ϲΪȻѾںϣҲﵽλ֮ʼûͻλ۷塣
ռ֮ڣޱǿţ죬˱Դﵽλ֮ų޽
һڵռھܿռ֮ʱתۼţС뻢תѣ˵϶¶һ˿ϲ
Ϊʱ䣬Ѿﵽλ۷֮ٿҶ죬˫۾Ⱥǣﵽλ۷֮ҶҲﵽ۷֮
ŵռ䣬Ҷ첻֮ҲУҶޱǿţȵȥ죬õɽȻɽʱ֮ȫƽռ䣬ʱڵռڸʱ֮֮ҲǺܿͻơ
Ҷ˵ٶȣֱҪ֮Ϊǰ޹˺ˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷٶȣ֪᲻ᱻֱѪ˼ҶȥΪţһ㡣
ٿҶ죬ֻڵռھ죬Ϊ֮ҲˣҶֱӴһ۷֮
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κηʵĻᣬҶֱ뿪˵ռ䣬ΪѾﵽ۷֮ҶԼʵĻǸʲôΡ
ϾΪֻǽʱ򣬾ܸĻɱ۷壬Ϊﵽ۷壬֪ԲԻɱ


825 Ż
Ҷ첢ûʥأȥħùȣΪҪںϡ
ҶȽˣûʲô󳱣ᳵ·ں꣬ʼ˯׶Ρ
뿪ħùȣҶҵСħŮֱ˵˵⣬ΪԼİ
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ǰĺ꣬СħŮϳ˵ǣʥ˵СħŮûжУʥسԼλ븸֮⣬ʥȫСħŮƺҲûʲô
ĵ˵ͷ§סСħŮҶº͵˵İɣֻǶԸʥأ㸸׻λֳǾԲֵġ
˴СħŮû˵ʲôҶ콫СħŮŻصռڣԼȴǳžɹȥΪˡ
ոѾȥûҵ죬ƮøҲͬûеӰҶȴĵȷȷʥ֮ڡ
ʥسƮø֮⣬ֻʣ¾ɹûȥҶȫԿ϶ʰ쵼ھɹ֮ڡ
֮ǰҶ첻ȥҵ죬ΪΪѾͻ񾳽磬ѾȫĲһʵҪɱ񾳽ĵ죬ֱһɲˡ
ɹҶֱͷųϢѲ飬֮ڣһʮлʰ쵼ˡ
ЦһҪǵ죬ʦ뿪Ķү첻ʬĲΪˡ
λپɹ﹧ݡ
֮ںȻһӰҶ첢ûԼϵϢһʱ֮䣬ߴʮڵȫ֮ϡ
쿴˾ȻҶʱɫ˲䣬ʵ벻ͨҶΪΪʲôڶ̶̵ʱھȻ֮
ȻǵãԼֻҪָͷͿϣھȻѾɳΪվ۷ĳǿߡ
Ҷ죿
ǰǿ߾ȻҶ죬ǵ죬Ҳһ˹ı飬ǰֻʥҶ죬ȻѾΪˡ
ϻ˵ҪΪɹ⣬ôҽ㲻ɹΪУ򡭡
һҶ˵죬Ҷ뵽Ѿȥʦǵ죬ʦҲ

ĻɫҲ˲ת䣬ȻҲٶȣɶ꣬ûôϡ
Ҫ֪ɹһͨ쳹֮ܣҲ޷Կ
ûҶۿھĵ죬˵ʦǱ㺦ģ˼ڻȪ·Ϻܼįȥɡ
ҶĻһ˵ϵı飬ȻܺԼʦɲô˵СǱʦΪ֮λɱԼʦ
Ǹ϶ˣȥǲӽˮˣǾɹǽ񺣣ҪھɹҰ㹻𣿡
һ̣ǼɵҶʵϾ֮Ĳ࣬һ޷Խĺ蹵¾ɹԼֱӰɹ
վڵԱߵʰ쵼Դӽʥ֮ΪҲٴͻƣﵽλ֮һ̵ʰ쵼ȴһҶҪɱ꣬ʵһ
컰е˼ɾ᲻֪ɾ֪ô죬ѲĽ죬ôɹڣδ棿պǰ̧ͷ
Ҷ죬ȻѾɾ֮λǲô˵ﶼǾɹҵѾΪ˾ɹӣ㻹Ǿ뿪ɹҿԼ̡
̣ĻҶԼʵ֮ôɹԼ뿪𣿸һЦ
ȴھ˵֮ҶֻڷƨղҪ˵һɹȫ¶ԼҶҲضҪɱΪʦŻ
ƺ˼һȻǾɹĴڣʵǿΣǲ֪ΪʲôֲõԤУƺɹסһ㡣
ܹ׵ģΪɹʥܲףҲޱȵ˵Ҷ죬Ȱ㻹ǲҪܲסɹŭ𣬿ھɹ뽣֮ϣҾͲΪ㣬㻹뿪ɡ


826 Ҫһս
񡣡
ھҶҪˣү鷳ģѾһɵñԲУһñү뿪뿪˭ɹ
Դ̤ɹһҶûд뿪ԼѾôҲںһɹ
ʥλδûлһ£ΣҶʵ޷ɵʲô𣬾㵽ʱ򲻹Ҳӡ
Ȼ˲ŭһֱɳ֣һжɹܹӵõ
ҲһıӣȻͬΪ֣Ҫɱһո֮ǻǺƵġ
ǻûе֣˵ѾһŵĿźȻǰĺֱ꣬ض֪Ϊʲôܹ˲ƻɱǡ
һɱ˰ȫʵסˣҪ֪ոճս˿ǻʵĶȻ˼һɱ
˵ʲô˵ʵѾﵽ۷֮۷֮ʣµûһ˵Ϊܹﵽ۷֮һʱ֮䣬к
ıҪոԼҪ˼ҵļ¶٣˼ʦֵŻܾɹ£ԼΪӶôһλɱħʵǳ˵֪ɹȻһĶ֡
ǾȻԼѾڣ˵ʲôҲܺһӲܽ콻ȥ
Ǿɹһǽ죬Ӵ֮󣬾ɹҲϣôһս
ƺ˾룬ҶЦһ˵һսǻʸ񣬱ɹһսǷҪңҲգȻˣҾɹΣ
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ʱԶһӰ˻ɹ˰ȫɫϲȵӰվ֮˹˵ӭ𡣡
𣬶ɳ֮һҲʥ֮һɹڣʵ֮ǿġ
˵ԽΪã㳬ôҲҪСӦ
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𿴵Ҫɹ˾ȻҶʱҲЩȣô˵Ҷһ뿪죬Ҷ컹ֻһ񣬶̶²ҶѾΪһˡ
ҪŻɹȴãһɱڣѲҵűɱ֣仹û˰ɡ
Ҷû˿ĺɫΪ߲ûʲôЩʱӲ
ΪѾͻƽ֮ҸǴﵽ۷壬ֻһȶ½ǿ֮У֮λɾˣһҶû˿ĵӣȲҪһս
ҶսȴսһľЩõ˵˼ҵļ£ɹز롣
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Ļ䣬ҶӰ˲ʧһ£ƫе˵ϣҪߣҶռ֮ͨҲû˿İ취
ΪѾﵽ۷֮Ҷ쳹֮ڿռͨҶҲգҪɱһɲˡ
ɱ˵죬Ҷ˳ҲһѾɵʰ쵼ͬ۵ޣҲʲôˣϻͶ̥ת
ȵɱ˵֮Ҷ첢û뿪ɹǿǰֱ˵һս
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ҶĻո˵˰ڣȫɵˣΪǲӽˮˣٸ̨£ɱ˵ȻݣȻҪһһսҵϵۣ̫ˡ
ȻΪѾﵽ۷֮֮ȴȻһβСľ룬˵һʱ֮£޻֮
ƺЩԼĶ䣬ԴΪﵽ𻹴ûһսԼһ𶼲ҡ
Ҷ죬֪˵ʲô𣿡
طϻ֪Լ˵ʲôҪһսɹѵ㲻ӦսˣҿԷŹ㲻һս


827 Լˣ
ҶĻƣһ𣬻һ
ƢٺãҲ裬ɫһ䣬˵ȻҪҾʹŻ
ʱֹոһʹʱֹͨΪѾﵽ۷֮Ҷ죬ʱֹͨȻ޷ֱӣҲ֮ǰǰ޵ֿ֮
ֱչռ˲ƼܣͨҲ޷ҵҶκӰŭһֱ¾׵֮Զȥ
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͵Ϯƾų񽣣ҶȫſԻɱһڵȻᣬֻҪ˿ᣬҶͻԥĳ֡
ȻһٶҲӰЩͷҲʱΪһֱ꣬Ͼ֮Ĳֱ̫ˡ
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ϱնһͺ˷Ұһ㣬ʱ֮ȫռֹĹпռ䣬һգ۵ʱ䣬ոպľɹΪһѷ档
һƻ൱ǿģѾڣ˸Ͽ쳷˾ɹȥ˵ᱻ꼰㡣
ץסᣬҶֱˣΪﵽ۷֮𼶱ǿߣκ˸ֵܵסҶĲһ
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صʬ壬ֱҪŪˣһҵ棬ɹǿ߱¾һա
ʷ裬׵֮ռڣȻɹѾ٣ôٻһҲνˡ
һҶЦһкԼһ̲ܻɱôҲǳ׷ˣΪѾԼħ֮С
ٴβ˼Ҷԥδ뿪˾ɹһ£ûСڽСħŮ͵ƳǣԼǳȥ
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𣬴ǿʵҲվʵ۷壬ֻΪﵽ֮ôҶƶԼĹ
죬Ҷڽ죬ûмȥոռͨҶ㽫ϵİͼΪ°Σóͼ
ͼжһϲΪβ֪ô£˹رңĴʣռͨƺҲʱűƵĿܡ
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ͼһͨ󣬶һҶֻ֪ҶһֱûŪͼڵĴ󵽵ʲôڿĴʹİͼҶ֪Ϊʲôֻаͼſסռͨˡ
˰ͼĴʵѹһֱȶĿռͨڳѾˣĴʴӣܿȫɱ
ȫһûаͼĹͨ½ôǸ󣬴½ʲôӡ
ĴҶǰɱЩ͵˵ɳ˿ûϢû뵽ȴҵ˰ͼܺá
ܺá
ԼڿԼҶϲû˿ϲãΪӽɱʵ֮һ˿ɱԼˣΣҶ춼ӽɱʵ֮иܵɱ
һֱҶԼֱǶɱ⣬Ĳ񷽣ںɱ¾֮ԶɱС


828 ɱ
ҲΪɱڿҶʱ򣬽ɱʺȻԼĺ󱲳֡
ֲĽ˲仮ƳգҶ׼ɶһʵĳ֣ϻصռĻᶼûС
ಿλҶ켰ʱʹսף˵һҶ䣬û˿Ŀܡ
ƺǲģɱٴʹһٴλҶϣ׼Ҷ죬ֱӶԼĵռڡ
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ڽɱʵĺȻ֣ȫסˣǸϣȻû˵ʲôȴҪ֪ҶͬʱĴ飬ɹ˵Ҷպĳɾ;޿
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Ȼﶼܲˬȴûһ˸Ҷ˵ʲôϾ˼ҵļ£ʱ׼ŸԵ뿪졣
ʱԶĵӰҶڴˣһʶ֮еˣѪɷǣʣµһ˱ޡ
һ·еһ㱩Ϊµʱ䣬޵Ϊָ֮ҾȻͻƵ֮޻Եٲʱ䣬ΪԳͻ֮ﵽʾ硣
ǿߣһ뵽޼ͻ֮Ѫɷǣ˶ֲ̫ŵĸоϾǿĴھǿߡ
ˣĴʰɫ䣬Щ˵û뵽תɹˡ
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ܹ֮Ҳ˳֮ΪаʣĴʻֶԸʡ
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ĴʻʵʵͷֻתĴɳǿ߻ɱʵֻ֮ϧһֱûн
ĴʣɫЩѿ˵ĸ͵Ϯңһֱţȵһ죬һȫȡġ
˵֮ʴɷǺѪٵĳԶȥĴβûٳ֣ʸո뿪ڵ֮ʮٵĸȥ
ʱɱ֮ʮֻ֮ίȫԼѾɹתôҲٸʻˡ
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ʵɫȴȻȻͨѾͼʱӡȴûûˣҪ׷ӡܹͨҵ壬ͨ޷ӡ
뽣ɱ᲻֪ܹô죿Դִ½뾡ְ취ѰҰͼ壬ʮʼûҵ
Ҷ콫ͼͨ˵ʲôʱܳ׷ӡڻ䲻ΨһֵҵǣͨѾȶǿԸ½Ѱһˡ
꣬󣬲Ƿҵ壬ڳÿһ˱ȫһ׷ɱǣǺΪ֮ɡ
˵֮󣬽ɱ˲ʧԭأҲ˲ȥһգ۵ʱ䣬ֻͨأѾȫ뿪Ѱһ塣
һɽ壬޿ǰˣĮ˵²һû֮һʣĸ޳ܻ͵ϮңҲ֮תֻأȻңһǣ𲻿ܣҿǴﵽ֮
˻жʱһϲ֮½ϵǿߣÿһ۷֮ԼܹһʣﻹǺܻϲģ֮ս޹صģȵԼ˵Ϊﵽ֮ô˾ͻ뿪


829 תʱ֮
ռ֮ڣɫ԰ףǿϵƣҶϱһɹɾ˵ɱ
Ȼˣӽɱϸܵһ˿ɱ⣬ֻҶû뵽ɱʶԼ˿֣һ档
ս˫ػҪ˵ɱʵǵһԼܹܲӵ¶һ⡣
ɱʵһѾ籾Դ֮Ҫ׻ָƣܹΪٽһǰҲܡ
ǿߣÿһǿ߶籾Դ֮籾Դ֮ΪǿĴڣ֮Ա֮ΪǿĴڣΪӵ籾Դ֮
˰죬Ҷʼ벻ΪʲôɱʻԼ֣Ҫ֪ɱǽ񺣵ڣԼҲǽ񺣵ˣɱԼһգҲ˵Լǽɱʵĺˡ
ȶԼ˳֣ȥ¶ţĵȷȷˣԼȵȷԼˣһҪ
֮ȴûһ˸˵ʲô㽣ɱˣôΪǽɱʣƶˡ
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ֻҪܹɽʱ֮ȫתƵռڣôҶĿڼ̵ʱڽΪ۷塣
Ϊ۷壬ôͿ籾Դֻ֮Ҫܹ籾Դ֮ôʾ硣
籾Դ֮ҶԼĵռ䣬žԵģԼĵռһӵбԴ֮
ȻûŪԼռ䵽ô£Ҷȴܹȷһ飬ǾԼĵռһбԴ֮
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ɽϣҶֱӿתڵĲ񷽣ɽʱ֮ӿ뵽ռڡ
ʱҶŸеڵʱ֮жʱһϲ˵ռڵʱ֮Ҷɽ㵽½κһطԼʱ֮ﵽ֮
뿪ɽûټ죬ҶҲ뿪죬ûмؽ񺣣ҲûлƳǣҶȥ˺ǡ
ǣں˺Լ˺ĺһһԼһմŰͼȥ⿪ӡȳ
ȻͼѾԼϣҶȴû˿ĵǣΪʵҪƿķӡֱ練ơ
⣬ȡֱӳŵµĺնȥһ죬һΪķӡҲ漴ơ
۹۹ڳˣؼˣ˭ӣһظл㡣
ӡƣһЦ˲ֻһӺҶ¶һ˿ЦݣңΣ˼
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꣬ɫһ䣬ɫ˲䣬ΪѾǰϸܵһ޿ƥеƣֻдϸܵ
Ѿﵽ֮𣿡
ĵ˵ͷǰĺҶû˿ĵ⣬ܴķ˵Ժһ嶼žԺøУҪ֪СھǺһĺһǺһ峤׶ӡ
ԼѾ֮以Ƿһ䣬Ҫ壬Ҹطúȥɡ
˵֮ҶӰ˲ʧҶֱӸ壬壬ڵͨ죬ʱø˳ֶԸ塣
ҶҲ֪ˣһսʤ˻ˣҪ֪˵ʵǳ֪һɳ壬ֱʿɲһܹóġ
ô˵СڶһԱΪСڣҲһ̽


830 Ц
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£ܹӮҲ̫˵㣬Ҫ֪屻Ϊ½ϵһǿ壬ʵ֮ǿ󣬾ʵδظǡ
ΪʲôȥѵҪ壿
ϺٺһЦ׿ҶĶߣС˵Ҷ֣ҵԼˣԲŸ㣬˵ȫƱҪ塣
˵ȫϳϢҶҲЩССȣҪ֪֮ǰѾɳٴɳôһȫκһ
Ҷ֣ٸһ£һŰλڵλȫҲԲ¡
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Ƕôֲһ֣Ҳ²ӵ֮ѹ˸壬ԭ˼еġ
ƺҶϵı飬ǵ⣬Ҫ֪˵ˣӵ˶Ҳйʲǡ
˵İλ𣿡
ҡҡͷƺ˷ܣ˵ûУӦܵʱλһ˱ٽ壬ʱ屻˾Ϳռ塣
ƺԽ˵Խ˷ܣѾ뵽ԼѾռ壬ҶȴһЦ壬Ҷ϶塣
ʶףҶ֪½ϻôһǿѾȫ˴һֹ壬֮λ񣬿Ҳѵֵס
ҶѾȵȫһҪ鷳ΪģֻΪСڣϾСǺһһԱ
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ڶ峿ߺȻ˵İ˴ϣҲǰλǿߣҲһ
ռ֮ڣҶۿߵİ˴뿪ռ䣬ȻѾɹɽϽʱ֮תƵԼĵռ֮ڣҶ컹ûʱüʱ֮
Ȼûиʱ֮ҶȴޱţҪ˵˸ҶʵҲԸһսɹڣһܺõӡ
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Ҷûףһ䣬ϵǿϢ˲Ϣλɫ˲䣬ͬʱǿߡ
֣׵ɫҲ˲Ĳ԰ޱȣѹ˼һֱܾԼԭҶһλһλһλΪʦǶôЦһ飬ԼһɵƵģһֱҪȥˡ
ҲʲôֻҪڴ˷ԣպһ£ҽͷŹǣ򡭡


831 Żɽ
Ҷѻ˵꣬˴ɫ˲һ䣬һֻǱŭ
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֮ȻҲɰʵû뵽ԷȻҲһ֪ǾԲһ֡
һһرͨôϿԤϣûеߴѣѾˡ
ҶеĲ񽣶Ϊﵽ۷֮лһһССĶֵܹס
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ߴûټ֣Ϊﶼ֮˿ԭſǮġ
㵽˭жԹ
˵ˣ֮Щ飬ԲϣǶ塣
ĻߴɫЩأΪΪ˹壬һɳʮһ񣬼ϸոѾȥ
ʲôÿһﶼνĴڣ˵ΪɹĴڡ
һʮһѾλֻʣȥȣܲȶһδ֪
Ҫ֪õȵȷϢһиźһצһ壬ֻȵǿߣʤδ֪
뿪ߴжЩᣬֻҪһϵı飬Ҷͺʲô
ٳɣʵҶһʼûдҪŹߴϾŻɽ󻼣һ̷ߴôպߴĻͺ鷳ˡ
ֱչռ˲Ƽܣ˲ҶߴߣеĲ񽣺ݺݵĻȥϿռֻͨһգ۵ʱ䣬ٴαɱ
ոջֻǲʱʱ䣬ɱֻʣ֮Уһ۷壬˶ǿߡ
ʣµսΪʵֵܹ˵ġ
һ˲䣬׼뿪ҶŹɲŻɽռ˲ƼٴչеĲٴλӳ
һĻеֵļ飬ֻϽ뿪ֻͨҪܹ뿪ѾӴ֮˵ʲôҲΪˡ
ʱ֮󣬿ŵϵİ˾ʬ壬ɫЩ԰ף˵ԭҶһǿߣһɵƵĸʦǿЦ֮
ڹףҶ첢ûжٻӰ죬Թ׵ʵҪôôأŵϵİ˾ʬ壬Ҷ΢΢һ̾
˲һٶҪȣԼҲóֻɱǿߣԴ֮ǳ׷ˡ
Լ˵ʵԿȶ½֮һ˵ãƫƫԼһٱɱһڶûС
㻹˳˰ɣûʲôô
ĵ˵ͷҶĻ˾ڵѾǰһ̵ûκǿ򣬺ܿͻḲ𣬾Լ뿪ô
һڸףҶӰ˲ʧԺ֮еɫʱһϲΪֻ֪Ҫõô֮ûпܡ
һҶʧĵطֱ˿̣׶֪ҶʲôˣϾҶʵˣʹﵽ֮ڴ½ϻû˵


832 
ˣҶûлƳǣҲûлؽ񺣡
ҶҵһƧĵطȻֱռ䣬һʲô飬ȽԼΪ
ɽʱ֮ѾԼȫתƵ˵ռ֮ڣֻҪ˵ռڵʱ֮ôΪԼͻƣﵽһ֮
ֻҪΪܹﵽһ𣬵ʱҶŰٷְٵģҲһս֮ҿԽԷɱ
ʣҶԼΪܹͻҲһʵĶ֣Լܹ籾Դ֮
Ҫ籾Դ֮ͱʱֻ֮ԼΪﵽ֮ſԳŸߵľ̡
ڵռڣϵĸռڵʱ֮ʱ֮ȴϴǰռ֮򵥣һҶ춼û˿ܵһ˿ʱ֮
Ҷ쳹ˣҪ֪ռ֮ʱֻʱ䣬㳹˿ռ֮һͻ۷֮
ӽ۷֮۷֮ĸȼȴֻʱ䣬ٶȣǴ½ʷΪֲġ
Ҫ֪Ϊﵽ֮ÿһȼޱȵļѣӲҪ˵ȼһЩ߶Ҫϼʮʱ䡣
ô½ϵߵ֪ҶΪٶȣ֪᲻ᱻֱɵҲˣҶΪˣߵĴҲͬˡ
ںϣֻҪںϣô𽻹ǻ޵Ϊֱܹλ֮
С뻢ѳΪλ֮ʱֻҪҶܹ򵽵ռڵʱ֮ôĴҲ򣬽ʱĴΪȫﵽ֮
½ûгֹһֻҪһֻô½ϳ֮⣬˭ǳĶ֡
Ҫ֪ͬȼߣһ¶޵ʵǿһЩ˺ܶǿߣ֮ȴ޷һֻ
ʱСڣĴܹȫ֮ô֮󣬳֮⣬˭ҶĶ֡
ҶƲѵǣΪֻҪɽʱ֮ȫתƵԼĵռڣôԼԺܿʱ֮Ϊ֮
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Ҷʵ벻ͨԼĲֳ⣬Ҫ֪ռһֱ̣ҪҲȫƾռ䣬ǵؽʱ̣ռȻˡ
ûټȥΪҶȻһʱû˿ջôʮͬˡ
ҵĹؼڣҪΪܣؼǾҵԭ򣬿⡣
ԼĵռɢռɢĿռ֮ʱ֮Ҷ޲ȥֱʱ֮Ҷȴǿס
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ҪΪܹ֮Զʱ֮ǿʱ֮ôԱ䡣
ܹǿʱ֮֮ôЩǣֻҪɽǿʱ֮Ǹ֮
ɽȴûһǿʱ֮ΪﶼʵȻҪȽȽֵǮ
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֮ôаյĴӦѪˣ˵Ϊ֮Ҫܹҵɽռ֮Ҫʱ֮򵥵Ķ࣬Ҳа취򵽿ռ֮ȴûа취ʱ֮
ʱתţҹҶȻû˿ʱ֮¿ƻҶ죬Ϊ֮ôʲôʶԿ
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833 Ҷǽɱɱ
ʱҴţתۼѾȥ˰£ڰ֮ڣҶȻû˿ջһ˿ʱ֮û򵽡
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ʾɽҶָ֪Ϊʲôԭõɽڵʱ֮õһ
һֱҶûкú˼ָԭɽ֮⣬ԭһǾơ
ָҶ뿪ռ䣬ȥܿ죬Ҷٴλص죬ٴҵɽ
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ֻҶ޷ͨǣȻɱڵҲǺܴΪʲôȴûһܹ֡
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ȻҹһսΪʲôڿռͨȻҳ֣
ΪʱʵҲ̫ȷǷǽɱתԲŻһԣҿԿ϶ǽɱս죬ΪĴ顣
ƭȥɣҶûĻڿռ֮ͨ飬̽Ҫء
Ҷȴûж˵ʲôΪҶʱԼɱô֮˭Ķ֡

һӣԼһӣƣɲ֪ΪʲôҶʱϵϢҲȫˣƺһƵġ
ǵӡͨʱ˵ֻҪƸת֮ôͻתҽս赹ԣϣѣ֮ڿռͨһսζҪֳʤ
˵֮ӰʧɽҶȴûȥܣΪھȻָоǾӵƣԼٳδͻƵľƺЩɶˡ
ҾǽɱʣԭĽɱȴ񣬽ɱ񵱱ǿߣһսȴûֳܹʤ
һսȻͨɱȡ壬ӡͨӴٰ֮罣ɱʣĴһִ½
һֱػͨߣػ֮ͨ⣬һֱΪɱʲû䣬һתɹһս
ȻûѣҶȴȫĻҪ꣬ҶҲ֪ôˣֻеȵԼʱ֮Ϊﵽ֮ſԾ֮
ֻҶЩǣԼĽɱʣ񺣵ڣΪµһǿߣƶˡ


834 һ
ռ֮ڣҶ쾲ڵϡ
ƣһ̣Ҷڸܵһ˿ʱ֮дϲֻҪܹܵʱ֮ô˵Լʱ֮ˡ
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˫ۣҶһ˿ϲȻûֱӽΪ۷壬Ҳﵽһ֮ʱǰͨ
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Ѿҵĳŵպ󲻱ٸңǡ
˵֮޿ٵʧԭأΪ˱Ĵɱ֮£һֱڻתɹƱҪĴȫɱܽͷ֮ޡ
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ѪǰǰȫҶ죬֮Ҷ֪ԭ֮ˣȻ֮һʡ
Ҫ֪ʵĳԴڵռʱ֮Ϊﵽһ֮ҶҲռز硣
ȻѪ˵Ϊȫﵽ֮ҶȻģ֮ǰƾʵԿЦ£ȴˡ
ͨѾͼӡص֮⣬ǿȫ뿪죬Ҳ˵Ĵ½ѾǸûһĴ½
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ҶĻѪҲû˿ļ֣׼ƳǣҸСںͻҶĵַܹҵҶ졣
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ͷͷҶ죬ǳΪ½ˣܹͬʱʥֻɱˣǸʲôˡ
һУҶ첢֪Ҷֻ֪£һѣɾ֮λڶ׷ӡͨҵ壬һսʤ
廹ˣʵԴ½һֻҪܹѣҶѾΣԼҪ
֮С뻢ڻع飬ʱһֱ˯Ҳתѣû˿⣬ȫɹλ֮
ڵռ֮˸ߵĿռ֮Ϊٴλ۷֮ԴˣĴ޵Ϊȫﵽλ۷֮Ϊ˴½޵۷ڡ


835 
Ĵȫɾλ۷ֻ֮ҪٽһĴޱΪ½ʷһ޶ĳ
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ʣ֮һڣվʵ۷ʻص֮󣬲ûбΡ
뿪½һֱػ죬ʸûеĹ£ΪڵʵӦ顣
ɵص֮ʱȫˣڵǿ߱¾һգʥ֮ϵǿûУҲ˵Ļ֮С
ȻΪѾﵽ֮Ҳͬʱվ˼۷壬ɲô˵ʼˣϳ
ھȻϳ˸һˣͺñи˺ݺݵĸ⣬һλܵˡ
ǰĺ꣬ҲЩȣȻɱһûнɱҲ֮ͺˣҪ֪ɱʱΪµһǿߣһж
ΪʲôҪһƺ㲢ûκζԹ
ҵֵܡ
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ҶĻɫһ㶣û뵽ǰĺ껹һˣʼǱԼɱ꣬ζԵζԵԼ
ƺѾµ룬Ҷϲû˿һƽƺվǰĲһʣҲʲôǿߡ
ΪԼɱ𣿡
ǰһԶ꣬һ̲ʱµһǿ߽ɱʳֶûܹ˻ɱԼȽɱʵʵǿ𣿴Ƿ񶨵ġ
ǸƣԴΪﵽλ֮⣬ûκһ˸˶治֪ǰƾʲôš
һתʵӰ˲ʧʿ죬ҶҪ죬ΪԴӴﵽ𾳽֮󣬵ռҲٴοһ̣Ҷĵռƺ½ûʲô
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¼ֱǷ˼޵ԣҪ˵ʵɱ͵Ϯ¾㲻ҲҪˡ
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ڳ񽣣ʸİ꽣ɱʵרñʵǿĽɱʣƾŲ񽣸޵С
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ֻҪһϵı飬ҶѾµԼеĳǵ꽣ɱӵеǱ񽣡
ѵڤڤ֮ɰţԼֻս죬ֻؽɱʵԼͲ֪ԼôˣѵһֱڲٿһУ
˭ٿһУҶһ̳ãˣΪһֱиɻǾƺһֻε֣ԼһֱٿУͺñԼһӣһֱڱ˵֮С
ԼȻӣô˭ִأ
Ҫ֪ԼѾվ۷壬µһǿߣҶ㵱񶼲ǽɱʵĶ֡
ȻԼѾµһǿߣôϻ˭ҪٿԼһţҶֻеԼѣΪɱʵʱһвſԽ
תһ룬Ҷ뵽ǰӣʼȻҲǿߣôһ֪һУϾ뽣ɱͬʱˣʵһ¡
˵Ҷֱʵϣ֮⣬ǷŸǿĴڣ
ǰĻɫ˲䣬Щô֪ģ


836 
ֻҪһϵı飬ҶѾ֪һ֪Լʡ
ȻҲ֪ô֪£Ҫһ£ʵ֪Щ
ûеѻ˵꣬ҶϺȻһʱ֮Ϊﵽ飬Ĵ֮⣬½ϻûһ֪
ǰɢʱ֮ɫڱˣΪҶһȥ죬Ϊֻǽ۷壬Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
۷ֱ֮Ƕôµٶȣֱһ̣֪Ϊʲôˡ
ȻѾɾ֮λôҲ˵֪һеȨ֮ϣȷŸߵĴڣǽΪ
ȻҶһֱо˫εڲٿԼԭ֮ϻиǿĴڣ
ȻҶ첢֪ǺεȴڣֻҪ룬ǵµһǿ߶ӲĲٿأ֪εǿ
Ϊѵ
ҶĻƺЩģ˵ҪҪ˵㣬ǣҲŭ֮½Ϊϣף
ҶĺߣһٶĲٿԼҶҪ֪һУôֻоѡ
˿ǰʣҶ֪ԼҲսʤһʣҪɱԼҲܣȥֻ˷ʱ䡣
ʣм¸㣬λɱʵģ񡣡
˻ɫ˲䣬ʲôʲô˭Ϊμһս
ڴ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽¼仹ŵλʣʵ֮ǿƺֻµһǿ߽ɱʲܹǿס
֣ǿƣ巢ԣ̤½һѹƺѾ顣
һ飬ҲΣôҶ춼ǽ񺣵ˣһȥ˰ͼɱʾȻֱӳ֡
ΪʲôҪ½ֵˣܺýͣ½Ҳ⣬ϾҲ½ϵһӡ
ɫЩѿɱʾȻٰ磬¿ɴСʵô֪ģȻɱôĽɱʲôط
֪
û˿ĿǣҶ쵱ȻʣʵԼǽɱתԼ껹ûоѣΪֻǸոһĴʻ޷ֿ
Ҷ컹֪֮ϾȻһһʸӿµĴڣ͸׽Լй¶ȥ
ʵҶһֱиʣȻ֮ϻһк֮ϵĸǿڣΪʲô֣ܡ
΢΢һ̾ҶӰֱʧԭأٺκεķϻϾڵʱ˵Ҫˡ
Ҳûмȥٵ֪ɱʾ£Ѿ֪ͨĴʣܸκδۣҪ񳹵׼
ʵҶҲƣԼһ᲻֪ǸʲôĴڣҪ֪ƺܼɵѾ˵ǸôµĴڡ
ҶѾҪľǸϿ꣬ҪԼ꣬񺣣Ϊֻڽ񺣵ĽĹ֮ڣҵ꽣ɱµıԴӡǡ
ҲûٳɣҶֱӳŽ񺣸ȥôֻҪ뽣ĹҵɱʵıԴӡǣôԼɾѣʱһжˮʯ
ԴӶħʻع֮󣬶ħ뽣֮սҲƽϢϾ˭Ҳܰ˭ô
ոյִ⺣Ҷ¶һɾϲֱʧԭأռ֮ڣΪڸղţоĴ޵Ϊȫͻˡ
Ҫ֪Ĵ֮ǰΪȫﵽλ۷֮һô˵Ĵǳ֮
Ĵ󳬼½ϻûгֹ½һֻ񶼲ֹڵãҶһ¸Ĵλñ֪֪᲻ֱӱɵ
Ĵ󳬼൱ǿߣһʵҪǿĴڣҶĴ󳬼񣬻ϿԺɨ֮ߣڡ
ǰĺ꣬Ĵ󳬼Ҳ̲סһɾϲ񾳽磬½ϴûйκ޿Դﵽ֮Ҳ˵Ӵ֮˱֮޶ĪҲӡ


837 ʧұ
Ĵ޵ΪٴͻƣҶҲǾϲѡ
ôĴ޵ʵԽǿ󣬶İҲԽ󣬴Ĵ޸񺣡
ɱԴ뿪ɽ֮󣬲ûлؽ񺣣ȥʲôط֪ô˵֪ɱǼðģֻҶһ֪ѡ
ҽɱʲôˣ֮һµһǿߣ㽣ɱȥʲôط˭ʣ˭ʡ
ĽޱȣѾռϷĽ񺣣ۿҪܶħʤɹؼʱ̶ħʾȻˡ
㽣ʵôǿҲûſһΪУÿһﶼħһӽ񺣸
񺣵ڽɱҲع飬ô񺣸ʲôħΪ½˶֪֮У񺣵Ľɱʲµһ
񺣵˶벻ͨȻħѾΪʲôԼȴûлع飬ڻҲˡ
Ҷе񺣵ʱ򣬷ÿһ϶˳ƣҲ֪ΪʲôϾħʻعħ񺣾״˵ӡ
Ҫ뽣Ĺ
ǰԼӣҶﲻ֪˵ʲôã̶̵ʱڣӴӽʥ֮һ·裬ֱ֮վ˴½ʵ۷塣
ٶȲ֪Ľ˶ˣ񺣵֪ҶΪѾﵽ֮һͺ񿴹һ㿴Ҷ졣
룬ҲȫȻˣϾ񺣵˶֪ҶͬʱĴ飬ȫɹڽɱֻǾ飬Ϊһǿߡ
ҶһӾĴ飬δĳɾǻҪȽɱҪߣֻҪ˼ҵٶȾ֪ˡ
ĵ˵ͷȻǰ˶ԼףҶףԼǽɱת»ǱΪҶ첻뽫ԼҲⳡս֮С
ûж˵ϻҶֱ뽣Ĺһ뽣ĹǿλҶò飬Ҳ޷ѽ顣
ȻѾǵڶν뽣ĹҶ컹ЩΪ񺣵Ľأ꽣ɱ֮أĴҲ״롣
Ĺ˽ûа취Ҷֻʹսףǿֵס˽ĹĽ
Ҷ췢֣뽣Ĺƺ֮ǰȫһҲʲôΣĹֻһռ䣬ȻһͷҶȴĹȷֻһ㡣
ô£ĹȻԼڱ䣬֪ΪʲôҶȻһֲԤУƺѲô򵥡
ʱһ˲䣬Ҷ췴ӦֱϣѪ緭ˣս˫ػ˵һҶҪ
д󾪣ҶԼʵţʣδܹ˵һĵȷȷ˿Ŀʱ䡣
ǿڵƣûеҶվĹȻ任һž޴ģģڽĹİ֮Уƺռʮ֮Ŀռ䣬ҶȽƺһֻϺһͷһ㡣
û뵽Ȼֻܹأתɹ̫Сˡ
Ű֮еľҶԺȻݺݵײһ£һζϢ糱ˮӿ뵽Ժ֮УҶҲ֪˺Ȼڰֳ֮ľ˭
֮ϵĴڣҲǴ½ߣҲִˣ¶ӣڡ

Ű֮еľҶȻЦȻɫһ䣬ߵǧգʹɢʶڣսֻأʹ޳Ȼʧ죬޵ұ졣
ҶĻĹ˻ɫһ䣬ڵɱҷһͷǰֻҪԸ⣬ҿΪĴˣΣ
ˣ
˻ҶݺݵıһУȫµ˶ӣԼڣȻ½ҶȴһԼûüֵˣôҲԼɱһա
ԼԸ֮£ŹͨͨʹԼӡΪ˴½ΣԼӡͨ
ԼתɹȻȻûѣɲôѾȫָŵռ䣬ҶţҪɱԼЩ̫ܡ
ԼΪӣΣҶѾãȻʧô½һ


838 һλ
Цһ޳ܣǰԼѾʶٴμʶ޳ܣҶѾľ
½ѾĲѾȻˣұضɱ㡣
ҶĻЦЦ֮г˱ģΪף֮ϵĴڡ
û˵˸ԼȻǰµһǿߣ֮ףɱֻһֻȽϴϰˡ
ɱҿǸ˲ţҸһλᣬҪҪҡ
Ļû˵꣬ҶӰֱʧԭأص˵ռ֮ڣҶЩ㹻ģֻҪԼصռڣôҲҵ
ȻҶ뵤ռڣʹͨ쳹֮ܣҲ޷ҵҶ죬ϾҶĵռѾɣԳһǴ½޷ҵ
ȷѾȥҶλ뿪Ĺûм£ΪҶһû뿪Ĺʱܳ
ȻΪѾﵽһ֮ҶףҪ˵ԼʵѣﵽʵҲĶ֡
Ϊףʵͨ죬δһĶ֣Ҷ컹ѡʱá
Ҷ뿪ĹҲûмڽ񺣶Ϊ񺣴ȥκ鷳Ͼ񺣶˵ʲô
Ҷǽ񺣻ƳǣֻҪԼطϵôʹԸҲὫŭǨŭͨϡ
ϣһǲ׶ͨ˳֣һ㣬Ҷ컹Ǻĵġ
뿪񺣣Ҷû⵺ͣһ·֮ϸԼϢֻҪϢأôҲܰΡ
ȻûоѣɽɱļѾȫָӶҶҲ֪סǾ죬Ҷʵû뵽Ȼ죬ִ½졣
뵽ЩҶﻹһ˿ңν죬ʼûмʱ֪Լǽɱת
ֱԼ뽣Ĺ֮Լ˽ɱϢ׷ɱȻ֪䣬Ҷȴûȥ졣
ҵһƧĵطҶ׼뽫Ϊ۷֮Ҫﵽ۷ֻ֮гʱ֮
ҶĴ󳬼ʼֻҪܹռڵʱ֮ôʱ򲻽ҶΪԴﵽ۷֮ĴҲԴﵽ۷֮
ҶΨһͬǣ޵۷徳ǳ۷壬ҪٽһѾܣǴ½ϵĹ򣬾ҶҲ޷ı䡣
ɾĴҲѾ֪㣬Ҫ֪½ʷûгֹһֻ񣬶ǲﵽ˳֮Ϊпܴﵽ۷֮
ֻҪΪܹﵽ۷֮ô֮󣬳ʣ֮⣬Ĵ޵С
ȫڵռ֮ڣҪʱ̸֮ףһҪ˵ûʲôϣ
Ҷŵռ䣬һʱ֮ҲܿΪʵҶ̫ˣΪԼܹΪﵽһ֮ôҪΪһ̫ѵ顣
ɵʱ֮ʱҶŷҪʱ֮жôѣҲһ͡
Ϊ񺣣ڽĹֻ֮ҪѣΪֱ֮Ҷʵû뵽ȻȺ
һ뵽Ҷ̲סݺݵıһΪ˶ԸԼȻϧͨռ䣬ðִ½ΣգҲҪԼ
Ҷܹ֮вֻһˣǾԼ׼ȷ˵ԼĲһ
񷽣ϳ񽣣ֻҪԼܹΪﵽһ߶ȣôпɱһΣմڣ׷Ź
Ѿ֪˶꣬Ϊ½ף֮ϵ޵дڣʵвԼԱὫһжɱҡɳ
ԼΨһܹвĴڣŻ᲻ϧһдƿռ䣬ΪܹɱԼ
û뵽ǣѾҪԼأͷûܹɹҲҶƷãֻذûбҵڵڰֻ֮գҶ⿪о
ԼʦҶĸмʦգ˵ԼҪֻؼ˵ֻصĹ֮УֻɱҲ˵


839 ٽħ
ݵҶ컹뿪˵ռ䣬Ϊ֪ҪΪһ𣬲һһϦ顣
뿪ռ䣬Ҷһʱ֮Ҳ֪ԼȥҶԼϢͷųȥϾֻҪӦԼϵϢһһʱ
ϢҶƳǶȥ뿪ôʱ䣬ҶҲ֪ƳǵǵôȻ²ֶԸƳǣʼղ֪᲻ô޳ܡ
ͷųϢҲʹ䣬ҶҪеƳǣûаʱܡ
֮ҶڽƳǣɸոսƳǣҶɫ䣬ΪѾоƳǶһ˿͸Ϣ
Ϣֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ֪ƳǵϢȻҶû뵽ȻδƳǳ֣ѾƳǡ
˿Ĵ⣬ҶһԼٱ֣ôԼʱƳǶҪꡣ
ƾ赤ռ䣬ҶϢĽҶǣȷҶһаȻ֮ҶٴõռϢʧƳǡ
һ·ϣҶԶƳǣΪƳڣǣ˰֮⣬õֵܡ
ȻҶƳǵˣҶȴԼܻƳǼˣΪ½ϻһ˫۾ڶ
ʵҶһҲܾʵתڽĹҶϿԿ϶ԼľʲôĿ
һֱ죬ڽĹһʶˣҶʵһ
ҶԿ϶ķ㲻һʵʵҲ࣬Ҫɱһʣôɲˡ
յռʱ֮˵ԼҪΪ֮Բᳬʱ䣬Ҳ˵ֻҪԼܹƽƽԼĵռô֮ھܹ֮
ҶȴûΪԼΪﵽΣǰȻ޻֮˼һδܹʤ
ҶѾȽΪһţϾʱʵڵȲʱ仹ࡣ
վڹ·һҶôվţһ죬죬졭
ڵ峿ҶԺ֮кȻһ뿪·峯ԶȥתʱѾʧԶľͷ
ҶȻûͷųԼ˿Ϣôƾȫٸ·Ȼٶһ㣬Ͼܱգڱ֡
ħͨǰǰĸɽϣҶʹһŹֵַ˲ʧԭأԭҶһ˲뵽ħ򣬵һνħֻ˵ڶ㣬ʼûн㡣
Ȼ˴ħ˵ħǰ˴ħʥִҶʼնţΪħǰ㣬Ҷõµ
Ҫ֪Ҷ֮Ϊܹ֮죬ӹ֮ףߵҶ֮Ϊһ
һʥ֮ڶһλ֮֮Ҷʵ
ħǰ͵õһλʵǵõʵ칦Ҷţħһʲôܡ
ΪѾﵽ֮Ҷħǰӣᳵ·ͨħͨڰƽٸ۶һ¡
ɸոħͨҶɫ˲һ䣬ڵ˲һգ۵ʱ򣬸ոջֻа׸ߵһ˲ͱһǧ׸ߵͨʯ
Ҷʵû뵽ԼֻǸոսħڶ㣬ڵȻͷ⣬ѵӵС
һ̣Ҷһ²⣬Ǿ֮һʣǲҲǴѧġ
ʵ²ոճҶԺ֮УҶѾܹȷԼ²Ѿ˾ŲʮֻҶ첻֪ǣǴõʯϾʯһֱħ֮С
ʯո뿪ҶڣʯϷһɫâһ֮£Ҷ췢֣ʯɢɫâһꡣ
ʯյĽٶ飬ҶһֱûжܣʵҲܲˣΪֱڣҶ˴ڵõ֮⣬Ҳû˿취
յ飬ҶһֱûзϣҶû뵽ǣյȻ￪ʼɢҶվԭزû˿ֻһ۲գĿǰʯ


840 绯УǬ
˲ͷţû˿ĸı䣬Ȼ֮ǰ
ɾҶΪûʲôʱ򣬸ոձɢȻٴȻٵĳҶ
д󾪣ȻԼҪҶҲû뵽һԼս顣
ҶţԼֻҪһ飬ôʱֻһ˲Աû˿
ҶҪôܹʯ飬ܹڵ飬ҲһգȲԱҲʹԼΪ
ͺñһʮʮҹĴ󺺣ȻǰһͷԣټһЩˮôûʲô飬һӳͷ֪
Ҷ˿ķӦͺһȺǰ㳯ӿһ˲䣬Ѿȫӿ뵽Ҷڡ
ɫ¶һ˿ʹ࣬ҶҶ˿ڸǲκεĶܹȫ뵤ռ䣬ôҶܹȫ顣
Щ鲢ôô뵽Ҷڣûн뵤ռ䣬ȫǵ澭ܡ
ԼҪˣҶд󾪣ȥôԱɣ֮޷ֻء
ҶǸƾͱˣڵʲôʱͷŲãȴƫƫʱԼôһѵԼľҪ
ҶеƵǣԼ˿ĶҲ֪񷽣ܲƷڵ飬Ҷ첻ҳԡ
Ҫ֪񷽣תôԼͻ˲սԼΪսԼð
ʱƣҶڵ澭Ѿ̣ĲҶͷϵĺҲԽԽ࣬ȥԼˡ
һѣ˲ҶѾ¶ģԱԼһѣڵĲ񷽣һս
ȻýΪսȷЩգɵҶ֪Լܲƴûϣˡ
뵽ҶԼһ̾ԲˮںڵĲ񷽣ת
һգ۵ʱ䣬ҶڵĲ񷽣Ѿռ澭ͺһʿһ㣬Ų񷽣ҹ
һ̣񷽣ֻҪһиôһͻ˲䱻ֱɱ
Ҷžսʱ򣬸ո뿪ҶڵʯȻ»һɫʯٴλصҶڡ
дϲʯҶҲʲô飬ʯ뵽ռ֮ڣȻʯ뵤ռ֮ڣոշ񹥻Ҷ澭һȫӿ뵤ռڡ
鱻뵽ռڣûнȫǹ⳹뵽˵ռ֮ڡ
棬뵽ռ֮ڣûдռ˿ĸãռ룬ռ俪ʼٴα仯
һ̣ҶеϲޱȵǣȻҲʼɢռ̫У
УǬҶһʱõһ̣ҶҲ֪ʲôĴˡ
Ҷʵû뵽ǣȻҲһǬͬĴڣȫԼĵռںϣҶҲ֪ϲǱ
ںϣռתۼΪһ½һģһĿռ䣬ĵռ֮ǰĵռѾ֮
绯УУֻأ򷨹һĵռѾ˿ռ֮ʱ֮ļ룬ռѾȫһ½ڡ
һƬ½ҶֱڶЩ̫ţԼĵռȻݻĴ½ڼˣôȫǵڶƬ½
½ȶҶڸոձƻ澭Ҳ˲˲ҶߣĴ޶Щ𾪵ʵҶ죬⵽ô£
ҡҡͷԼռı仯Ҷ춼Щ֪Ҷȷһ£Ǿǵռı仯һ˱Դ֮
Ҷ첢ûѰұԴ֮ںϣΪڻħ֮ڣħڵԼϾħ̫δ֪
ĸȥұԴ֮סҵԴ֮ǧҪںϣҰںϣֻҪʱܹںϱԴ֮˵Ϊ
ҶĻĴɫȫһϲҪ֪˵ΪѾﵽ˳ܹ֮һôܹﵽֵزҲ֪


841 
ҵԴ֮Ĵں˱Դ֮ΪܹﵽֵزһҶҲǺϾ½ûгֹһֻ񣬸ӲҪ˵ʲôڳĴˡ
Լĵռ䣬ҶҲǺ˽⣬֪ռűԴ֮Լȴ֪ʲôطʵ
뿪ռ䣬ҶԼһ̻źܶҪѰұԴ֮ĴѾԡ
ħڶ㣬ͨͨҶվԭЩԥȻûнħ㣬ҶȴħһŴ½ܡ
һ£ħڶ㶼ųĴڣôħֻʲôܱܲȳʯɡ
ԥҶ컹˵һڹһҶӰ˲ʧԭأҶٳֵʱ˵ɫѾѿ˼ɵ
Ҷǧ㣬Ҳû뵽ħȻ壬ʵ벻ͨħ֮ʲôϸ𣬱Ͼ֮ǿ߲һ
ǿߣҶ壬˵ҶѾɱܴﵽ˵ز
Ҷϡǵãʹȣлڵ̣ѾͷΣ²ˣգʱѾôȥˡ
壬Ҷ첢ûȥҼʶֱƾʶҵ˵û뵽ôͼˣ
ǰĺ꣬ɫһ䣬ҲЩССľȣҲʵû뵽ͻȻ塣
ʵӾȵʵû뵽̶̼겻Ҫӵ꣬Ѿﵽӵĵز
û뵽̶̼ʱ䲻Ѿﵽ˵ز֪㵽кιɣ
ԼкιɣҶԼ˵Ͼǽħ򣬶ֱӽ壬ûнħ£˭Ҳ֪ħ塣
˼ǰҶ컹׼ʵ棬Լôħ򣬶ħ˵˳
˻ɫ˲䣬ոտʼûлɵ񣬿ɿϵıʱҶ֪Ӧ֪ʲô
ȻҶĻޱȣص̾Ϣһ˵ħܣû˷ֹû뵽
ȻˣҶʵ嵽ʲôĴڣΪʲôħ壿
Ļ֪ΪʲôҶкȻһָоƺħ㣬ҲԼһ˿ϵ
޷˵ΪҲ֪Եɣ֪һУôͱȥڡ
ڣڣҶҲû뵽ĵһǿԭʲôԭиڡ
ʵҲ飬֮ڣԼȥɡ
˵֮Ȼ˫۲˵ҶԺ֮Ҳһ·ߣһͨص·ߡ
ûٴΪҶǲ˵ʲôˣҶ쳯˹֣뿪ˡ
ĺɽҶ·ߣϸûܹҵĽء
ĺɽȫ֮Ϊأһ£κ˽ȥУ屾֮˶׽롣
ոսɽҶ˲ʶӦĹǿϢ˵ΪȻߵôҲڡ
ЦЦԼʵҪأҲ֣Ͼ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ռ˲ֱչҶӰ˲ʧͨڵɽ֣Ҷһܴɽڡ
ɽһɸɾֻһŴһλߣͷ׷Ҷ޼ư뻺£һɷǵĸо
òҶҲǰİ׷߾ڣֻҶû뵽ǣھȻҲһλʡ
Ҫ֪һӵʣּһ񣬿ڣĽ֮ڣȻֳһλʣ½ϵλʡ
ֱ˿̣ҶҲ֪ϵ׻жʴڣϾ½һʣʴ½֪Ҳ֮١
Ȼʵԣɾûдﵽ½ʵ֮УҪ֪λʹô˲Ҫ֮У񺣣ʥأ֮磬ħƽƽ


842 ƿ
һλҶĺ𾪣½ϱӵλʼĳǿߡ
Ҷ쿪ڷʣȻ˫ۣɢһɹӵϢһ˵ĸоһλǿߡ
˭
򵥵֣ߵƽƺһжѾĮҶҲûֱ˵Ҷ죬Ƴǳ
ȻҶѾ֪ԼǵĽɱתĵ׻ԸԼƳǵĳϾǰѹֻаպýȷġ
ƺû˵Ƴһ㣬¶һ˿ɻ˲ٴλָƽĮ˵ҽʣڡ
ȻʵҶ뵽ǰ߾ڣĵһǿߣҲͬһλǿߡ
ΪѾﵽһ֮ռҲѾռ״̬ǿҶҲû˿ĵǣϣ֮⣬ʵҶѾʲôˡ
ֻҶ컹֪ǰ뽣ɱʣȽĸǿЩϾɱ˵Ǵ½޵еĴڣ֮⡣
ħģϣܹһС
û˿ΪҶȻħ壬֮һλôԲ濴ȥǰ㡣
ħ֣һֱɫ䣬Ϊܾħ㣬һֱû֪Ҳûܹħ㣬ǰȻǴħô˵Ǵħڶ塣
ȻǴħڶ壬ôһõʯˣ
ȻΪʲôʣҶ컹ĵ˵ͷϾħڶڵõʯһʯںϵԼĵռ֮ڡ
˵ûгʯںϵԼĵռ䣬ôռҲĴ½ƾռҶ˲뿪ٴ͵ϮҶҲŰٷ֮ٵܹһ˲뵤ռ䡣
Ȼˣ֪ʯ˭ĳ
֪
ҶһֱΪʯʵĳֱʯںԼռҶ֪ʯʵĳ
ʯĳͨ죬֮һ
ҶţԼû˵֣ƺ룬ʼ˵һƿߣ֮⣬ħ
ħƿߣ⻹Ҷһ˵ƿ߸һƿֱʯǬ񽣡
ħʲôط
֪ƿ߾սռ䣬յĽû֪ɴӴ֮ƿҲûгֹ½ϡ
ʵĻҶ֪ǿԭʣҲΨһˣǻƿߣħ
ȻҶ첻֪ƿյĽΣҶԿ϶ƿռһսȻû䣬ҲһˣӽĹ֮УҶܹܵĵ
ʣǷܹҽƿߵ飿ĵ˵ͷƺҶ첢ûκεķޱĿʼƿߵһС
ԭ֮ʣѣԳԼΪħ˲ƿߣΪƿ쵼Ȩ
ƿ߶Ǿڻ֮У˱ǻ壬յǻ֮һʱ֮䣬ƿߺѷֳʤ
ħ䶼µµħµħȴµ
ʱĲƣȥħϣȴѾ伣ԭ˭Ҳ֪½Ψһµĺᡣ
һ죬ƿڰͲסȫ뿪½ռսӴ֮ƿҲû¶ͷ
ʵĻҶŪһУֻЩЦǣƿߵƿȻȫ
ǬʯѾռںϣҲգһ֮ƿҶ컹ǵһˡ
Ѿ֣βܹҵħ
ҶֻܹˣħֻҵƿߣſֹҪȻԼԼ˶Ҫʱ̱Ūڹ֮С
ҶԿ϶ƿ߾սռ䣬Ĵƿ߶û䣬ֻħ֪Ϊ˶ԸԼҶţҲ


843 ֻ
ȻҶѾ֪䲻ֹֻһ˶ԶѣƿߵĴڣҪҵƿ̸ס
һҶ漴뵽һܣǰ߳ʵʣһ֪ƿߵĴڰɣ
Ҷʻƺûһ˿ȣΪ뵽ΪΨһµĺᣬ϶ܹ뵽һ㡣
ҵȷ֪ƿߵ䣬ȴܸ㡣
ǲƹˣ޷Ըƿߣ
ʵҶѲµƿ߾սռȫˣô겻һζûгֹȻҪԼҶ϶Ҳһûлָ
ɫ΢˱䣬˵㲻Ҫ֪㼱ѰƿߣǲƿҪĨɱ㣿
ĵ˵ͷѾϣҶҲûʲôȥģϾ񵽴ԼΪ֮ƣǸϿҵλƿߣܶԿ
ʲԸ˵ҶҲûκΰ취Ͼ˼һλʵʣԼΪֻǸոͻһ֮Ĳˡ
ʱ֮յȴ籾Դ֮Դ֮˵ǳƿյĻ֮֮ǿ
Ҫ׷ӡͨҪӵаͼ֮⣬ҪŻ壬ҶȫԿ϶ѹͨҪʲô壬ҪĶǻ֮
ΪɱԼϧͨ˴½Σһ֣˵һ̴½ѾȷѪˡ
ҶԿ϶һ£Ҫ׷ӡͨôھͿԣϾͼѾҵֻʣ˻֮
ʵҶ˵ִܲ½˵νҶȴܲܣϾ½ϻˡ
֮г𣿡
ٴε˵ͷҶ콫Լǽɱתһһʮȫ˵˳Ȼ޳ҪɱԼҲ˵˳
Ȼµһǿ߽ɱתʧҶĻɫ˱䣬ϾµһǿǺϤġ
һʣ֮ڣɱڵһλڴ½ϵ˽֪ȻѾ˳½ɶڴ½ϵһЩ黹Ǻ˽ġ
뿴ڴ½Σķϣʽƿδ֮
һ̾Щε˵ʵҲ㣬ΪҲ֪ƿߵʲôطΪƿѾתתɹûУҲ
ʵĻҶҲССԾһȻѾµƿпȫˣȴû뵽ƿ˵֮ء
ƿΪʲôתֻһܣ˵ƿѾ䣬òתƿȻûг֣ô˵ƿ߻ûܹתɹ
ʣƿһսѵֻƿת𣿡
ҡҡͷЩεļ˵ƿ߾սռ䣬޳ʹֶƿ߶սȵħƿƿܾ֮ʺȻ֣ƴһƿȻƿ͵ϮƿߵһҲʹƿˣôƿȻûȫָ
ȻʵոҶѾ뵽ܣħƿ߻ƿߣʵƿѾ䡣
Ȼ͵ϮƿߣҲƿˣȻûлָڽĹʱҲֻ÷ˡ
ֻҶеЩƵǣħƿƿ߶Ѿת֪ƿתɹûУתɹҶ֪ͬ˭ƿߡ
ƺҶ룬ʴӻȡһ˵ƿ߸ռƿ߾սʱ˵زպͿֻʼնûҵڵ䡣
ӹҶжʱһϲȻӵҲ൱ڴ룬ܱһͷûеĺá
ҶѾ֪ԼôˣôԼҪҵƿߵת֮
ҵһ˿ӡǣΣտȼһ˲ߡ
ҶûѣԱΪֻǸոͻһ֮Ҫ˵Ҳ޷Կ
кȻƿҪɱǰ꣬ô˵Ҷƿֻأ˵ĵ˾ѣҶ컹µһǿ߽ɱʣôԼǺܿ׼Ҷ졣


844 ˱ץ
õҶҲûм壬ҪǾҵƿߵת֮
뿪壬ҶԼϵϢ˿йϾвƿ߾ͻҵԼ
ո뿪壬ҶٳƳǶȥΪҶ컹ǲƳǣȻûжƳǳ֣ɲԺ󲻳ֶԸƳǡ
֮ǰҶûа취ǽʱͬգԼĵռںƿ֮⣬Ѿ׵ĳΪĴ½
˵ҶĵռȫһƬ½һҶĴ½ҶĴ½ڣҶס
ҶޱȵģԼĵռڣԼռףǻƿҲͬС
ҶѾβôðвҲҪƳתƵռڣֻԼĵռڣҶűȽϰġ
ոսƳǣҶѾ˲֮ȻƳǴ߿ȥҶﲻ֪ΪʲôһֲõԤС
Ҷ⣬ȻûнʶͷųȥҶܹԸоҶǿһˣϡϢûС
ô£д󾪣ֱչռ˲ͨҶӰ˲ʧԭأոսҶǣûеҶĽŸվȣһɿֲϢֱ
ɱ˵ӲҵġҶǵϿպȻֳһžǵĹֻҶû뵽ǣľȻ֮졣
ɫѾ˼㣬Ҷʵҵļأ
ˣļˣļڶܺãɱ֪Լķɱ㣬㻹ҪԼļ˺úõĻϣô͸Ͽɡ
ŴЦ֮еľ˲ʧĿֲϢҲʧȻʵҶӦ뵽ģ޳ܣֻҪץסԼһļ˳֡
죬Ҷ룬ϳ죬ҶʵֻҪֻ·һ
ԼȥôԼļָô죿սſһ˵ĴҶһȭݺݵĻǽϣƺζ˼¡
˼Ҷֱӽս˵ռ䣬ٵ뿪ƳǣˣƳҲûˣҶ֪ô޳ܣҲƳǵͨ˳֡
뿪ƳǣҶһʱ֮Ҳ֪ȥδȻѾ֪½ϻƿߣɱϾƿѾֻת
ãã˺֮ҵƿߵת֮һ㣬Ѱҵϣã
Ҷ첢ûԼϢΪ֪ٶԼ֣Ϊ˳룬ѾԤϵԼһȥԼˣѾõ׼
ҶҲûмصռΪ㽫Ϊ֮ΣǰֻҲһֻϰˣֻֻϱȽǿЩѡ
ʼնϣ޷ƿᲢۣ½ƿ⣬Ҷʵ벻˭Ķ֡
ƿߣȫǾڻ֮Уǻ֮壬ǿ֮˸ܻû֮
֪֮УҶȻ˻ĵ۹׶ȻɵĶǣҶип֣뵱Լ˳֮Ϊ˻飬ЩЦ
˭ܹ뵽һǴķһΪﵽһľǿߣҶʵ֮»ûж֡
ҶھҪĵ۹ҲֻǶֵĹԼȫץ죬ҲħƿƿߣôֻԸˡ
ʱҶɫ΢˱䣬˵Ȼˣɡ
ҶĻ䣬֮һ󲨶˺ȻҶǰʣʣʥصħĶħʡ
˶ħ⣬ǻʥأ϶ѾҶǿСħŮϣ˵翻øҲˡ
ԸոʵɫЩ̫ÿڶħʣǶԽ񺣵κ˸ûкøˡ
һȴû֣ΪΪ˸Ҫ飬ɱҶ˵¸Ҫ
ÿǰĺ꣬ʾͺ޲ȥһˣǿסеŭ˵˵ĻѾȫˣһ飬ɱٰ磿
£ҶѾǺںˣϾڼ֮ϻƿߵĴڣִ½ȣҶвӴ


845 
Ųǡ
Ҷĺǰ˶˵ϾĶԵоѾҪô˵ֻҪԸ⣬ɱʮ׾ٵ顣
֪Ľɱʲôط
ĽɱʵʻҶֺЦĽɱʲѾվǰ𣬿Ҷȴ˵
֪ͼλһ£ҲλܸȤ
Ŷ˵˵ʲôǻȤ
ǰĻ϶¶һ˿ɻ󣬿Ҫ֪ǶǻʵǿߣѾվ˾Ե۷壬ʵ벻֮⣬½ϻʲôҪʸȤ
Ҷ᲻֪ЦһҶҪȷһ飬ǰһ֪ƿߵ顣
ҶҲû˿ֱӿ˵λһ֪ƿ߰ɣ
ƿߣʵɫȫ䣬ɫЩʵô֪ƿߵģ
ﶼϣЩʼǿ֮⣬½֪ƿߵ˼ûС
ƿ߿˵۷Ĵڣȫ֮ϣֻҪκһƿԸ⣬ǡ
½֮ϣΪﲻ֮һ㲻֪Щ飬ǰȻΪٶȺܿ죬Ȼûдﵽ֪֮ƿߵ飬Ҫ֪ƿߵ鶼֮ܡ
ô֪ƿߵģ֪ڿԸһ£պô죬Լĥ
ҶѾʣΪһãã˺֮Уҵƿߵתֲ֮ܡ
ʵİæȫòһϾڴ½ϵӰǺܴģڵעȫԼϣһǲע⵽˵ġ
˿ǰʣҶ˵ͨƿ򿪣ΪľǻɱɱʣΪܹסͨɱӡͨ
˻ʵ۾ɵôģƺܲһ㣬ͬľܣô֪ġ
Ҷ˵ǿҲѹЩţô˵ִ½ƿ˵ʲôô
Ҷ˵ƿΪ˻ɱɱʶƿӡﶼЩʣƿߵʵҪɱɱʻһ׾ٵ𣬺α鷳
ﶼȻɱʱΪµһǿߣʵǿƿɱȻֻһϡ
ƺܹµ룬ҶݺݵıһΣһȺɵñѣֻʵȽǿһЩˡ
ŲǣǲƿȥΪ˵ӣôǾҪҵġ
ģƾʲô
ҶĻʷ˷ۣиеһ벻ô˵Լ˶ʼǿߣȻҪһССĻǻ֮
ûѡҿԿ϶ֻҪȵƿƻָᱻΪǲμͨػս
Ϊʲô
ȫɻˣȻƿ֮ϵĴڣƿΪʲôҪɱǣ˵ģʴûΥƿߵ˼ѵΪһ֣ô˵ҲΪ˴½Σ롣
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôϻʵҶĻˮָ֣᲻ɱʣʵҶҲ֪Ͼʶ˵ֻࡣ
Ҷô˵ΪҪʵİʵİȥѰƿߵתֻ֮ҵƿߵת֮ſԿ
Ҷ׼뿪֮ʣʺȻסҶ죬Ϊˣ˵ָǳ֣ʱֻܸɵ۵Ͼƿ߸ܹԿġ
ͨˣ
㵽ô֪ģ겻֪ô࣬ʸţ겻֪ƿߣһ֪һЩֻ֪֮ܡ
˵ҶҲûмȥԼǽɱת׷ɱԼΪľвĴڣһһʮȫ˵˳
֮ʵɫѾ޷ݣ𺳴һУʵû뵽ǰĺȻǽɱתѹ֪֮ࡣ
ֻû뵽ǣƿΪʲôвǵλãҪ֪籾Դ֮ƿյȴǻ֮صĲ
Ҫ֪½֮һƿߣƿȫǾڻ֮УҪ˵ƿԴϣѾ˻֮Ҫٽһջ֮ǲܵ顣
ʵ벻ͨȻԼѾ޷֮ƿڵʲôȻϧͨͨӶɱɱʡ
Ȼһɻ󣬿ջѡҶ죬ԭܼ򵥣ƿ߿ɱɱʣҲпɱǣȻǲĴڣ˸ȥðգϾһˣʱϡ
ڵ׸ô죿
ܼ򵥣Ѱƿߣƿ߶Էƿߣһʱƿߵʱܾˣ֮
ҶĻʶһ˹Ӷɱƿߣһô飬Ҫ֪Ҷ˵ʱƿܾˣԼһֻ֮Ҫƿ߳ʧô䣬˭ͷ֮ϡ
Ҫֻ֪֮ƿߴڣƿȫ䣬ô½ʱ۷ĴڣҶ˵Ǹƭ˵ġ
ﻹǺԥģȻջܴ󣬿ɷܴͬһͻٲĵزƺѾµ룬ҶЦһ˵ֻһԼŰ졣
㿴ңҿ㣬ƺ¶˾һ㣬˵ξͶһѣ죬ǸôѰƿߵת֮
ȻѾôҲû˿Ϊɱ˵ĺܶԣƿԼƿҲûпܲɹ
ʴӦԼҶʱһϲʵ֧֣Ҳζʵ֧֣ȻѾ˻ʥأЩֻǿ߱ɱĸûб١
ʵİҶţѰƿеת֮ҲǴ룬ҵһƧĵطҶ콫Լ巢һȫ˳


846 Һθɣ
ܿ죬ҶʱѾƶһϵѰƿת֮ķ
ȣȽԵȫֲȥȻ񻹲ܲʲôҶﶼԼҲ̫ס
֪ԼһѰƿߵת֮ôһĳ֣ʱһܹ⡣
ѾԼ˾ԳֶԸƿߣҲԲ֪ȻƿҪɱǻ練ơ
ܿ죬ҶʷͷжʵİҶҲ̤ʵ࣬ϾɲǳԸɷġ
Ҷûи죬Ϊ֪ʵϵΣԼɱ֮⣬ǻǲ⡣
ҪѰҵƿߵת֮ƿ߶ԸƿߣʱܾˣôԼͿ֮
ûлصռ䣬Ҷ֪ĴȻûҵԴ֮ʵҶ컹뵽ռҵ̵ģȻһֻأʵ赣ʲô
Ҷûжûеọ̃˵̲ԼϾЩʱҲͨģ㣬ܵĺģ㣬õˣպҲ뿪㡣
Ϊ̣һԤ֪δҶţҪõ̵˾ԲҲ⡣
ô˭Ҳûܹọ̃ҲͬˣѾ˵˺ܶ⣬ͨ飬ͨ顣
ٸ񺣣ѾûвҶѾ׼񺣵ĽĹѣȻΪﵽ֮ҲĶ֣ܹһ־һ֡
ոյִ⺣Ҷ췢⺣ȻӿһһǿߣикʥҶʰЧʻǹԼոպ˷ֿ˾Ѿʵˡ
Ҷħʱ뽣񺣿սˣϾ˭˭ضħʻǷֵĺ
̤Ϻ棬û߳ǧףҶоһɿֲϢֱӳԼжʱһЦ
Ҷ첢İǺİҲǿ֮һϾ̺ԼСڻɱ˼ҵĶӣһֻϾ̺
֮ǰԼΪﵽ֮ҶټλϾ̺£Ҳֻѡ룬֮Կ
ô˵Ͼ̺Ϊϰǿ֮һһ߳ǿߣҶ컹ûǸ½ɱ
ȫһˣǷתΪѾﵽһҶ죬ҪֻɱϾ̺һ׾ٵ顣
޳ܵ࣬û뵽ȻеһΪԼĶӱġ
һٸȻڴϣ䣬ϳɱĿҶ죬Ȼûг֣ҶԸоܵпռѾȫֻҪԼ΢һһʱܵ
Цһû˿ı飬ۿŲԶٸ˵ĶѰ·ҺθɣҷȰһ䣬ǸϿ뿪˵㻹һ˿ϣ
ҶĻٸЦЦ֮г˱볰Լʲôˣϰǿ֮һϾ̺һ塣
ٸޱȵţ壬צǿߵҪںʤԼǲܵġ
Ҫ֪ںϣԼȫҪ󺣰Լ𼶱ǿܹıʱ٣ԼǺ϶һ޶İ޵еĴڡ
⵺ӵǿߵħ뽣񺣣Լһ¸ȥǣ൱ҲˣҲض᷸ҵĵһģһٸʵ벻ط⣬ĸӵǿߡ
ٸһҶͣѾжϣһʮԵһʱ䣬ٸѾԼܸʲôĴۣҪ
ʵٸи²⣬Ǿпǽ񺣻Ƕħˣôٸ֪ԼҪɱ꣬ôҪ·ˡ
Ͼǽ񺣻ǶħܹǵģȻĺϰֻҪɳǿߣôĩҲ͸ŵˡ
һߺпܻ⵽׷ɱһǻɱԼӵԪףѡȷѣһ뵽ԼΪĶӱɱʬ嶼δҵٸŬ
ǽ񺣻ǶħɱҵĶӣôҪҵŭ𣬾·ʹһ˲䣬ٸѾ˺ܶࡣ


847 ƭ
ֻҪһٸı飬ҶѾ˸˾Ųʮ
ʵٸһֱû֣ҶҲ޷ٸ뵽Լпˣ˼ɰˡ
ȻϾ̺Ǻϰǿ֮һɶ죬ٸΪﵽλ۷֮볬񻹲һ
һһֻҪûдﵽôʼ޷۷Ĵڣһһֻ·һ
Ƕħǽ񺣣Ҫɱٸֱһ׾ٵ飬ٸԥһֱ¶˾ġ
ǲǺܼɵұѰ·޹أ㻹뿪ɡ
֪ΪʲôҶһֺĸ飬ǵϾ̺Ҫ׷ɱҶҲڽɱ
ѾɱһϾ̺ҶĲٴɱ䣬ϾϾ̺һֻʣǰλٸˣҶɲϾ̺һ֡
Ҷɴٸһ£ٸΪΪԼһŭֱӳҶ켤
ٸѾ¶ģξǵҲҪɱڴˣ޷ԼѾȥĺӡ
аҡҡͷẰ˸ʱǰҶӰ˲ʧԭأɾôһ䣬ٸɫѾױˡ
ʱǰһеͨʲôʲôٸԭΪԼɱ꣬ʱɳǿ׷ɱ
û뵽ǣûɳǿߣǰԼɱȻһʵǿߡ
һٸûٳ֣ܵʱڼӿ죬ٸԼǺϰΣλôһλԼܵĻᶼûС
ԿȻʧԭأٸûôȥ׷ΪٸԸ겻Ҫ׷Լͺá
ٸ룬ҶȷûΪҶ쿴ԼѾնɱһϾ̺ڶϾ̺ʵ²ȥ֡
Ҷٶȸ񺣣ոյִ｣񺣣Ҷ˳ԼӣҶ˵ôˣ
үүĻҶһһֲõԤУæʵүүô£
뿪ĵ죬иǿ߸񺣣˵ȥ죬ΪͨѾȫý񺣡
꣬Ҷɫڱ˱䣬ɴʵүүǽ񺣵Ѿȫˣ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲɵӣ෴ҶԱ˭ҪֻҪһӵ̬ȣѾ֪пܽ˵
⵽ô£
ص̾ϢһҶ콫ʼĩһһʮȫԼүүԭȵҶ뿪Ĺ֮ɾǿǰԮ
Ҷţֹغ½ΣԽ񺣳Ҷ֮⣬нϵǿȫ˽񺣣ڶħûи죬Ǹԡ
һҶһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǾԼں߿ħǿߣѵǶħɳٻȥ
Ҷ벻ͨʵΪʲôҪǿȫټأѲΪ˽ǿһ򾡰ɡ
мƣҶҲûĹѣҶ˿ٸħΪҪҶĲ²⵽Ƿʵ
ոϵ˵ɫѾأΪħ֮󣬾Ȼûһ֮ϵǿߣҲһΪߵһʥ۷塣
û˿ˣ˼ħħһΪҶҶȫһ֮˲ˣħ뽣һǿȫˡ
ʱԶһֲϢһգ۵ʱ䣬ħʳڶħ֮ϣǰˣЩɻʵҶ죬ôڶħ֮ϣ
ǰĺ꣬ħЩɻ󣬵Ѿ˵ãҶؽ񺣽Ĺѣѡƿߵת֮Ҷ첻ȥĹѣȻħ
Ҷû˿ϻֱӽħ뽣񺣵Ĵȫ˶ħʣΪҶֲõԤУƺνǿȫټ̫죬һ顣
ҶĻħʵɫҲˣ֮ǰЩɣôڶħʾȫҶĻϾͨѾӡƿΪʲôҪƭǿ߸졣
ɫˣɶħ֪Լ֪ͼԼ˿취ûУϾڸȥ죬һ֣޵ĻᶼûС


848 Ȼ
ħȻû˵ʲôҶȴ𣬶ħļˣϾ˭Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
һҶǰ㣬֮Խǿȫе죬ȫΪ˳׻ɱǿߣô¾͸ˡ
Ҫ֪ƿȻˣɲҶ컹ǶħʣﶼףƿߵʵȻܹԿġ
үүҺͶħʸڽ񺣡
˵ͷҶѾ֪ʼĩҲ֪أϾʵҶﲻʲôæ
ҶͶħû˿ͣɴСﶼһ·֮ϣ˸û˿ЪϢٶȸʥء
ΪҶ˼Ȼۼ˽񺣺ͶħǿߣôҲһۼǿߣ½֮У˽ħ֮⣬Ҳֻʣ»ʥغ͵֮ˡ
ʥغͻгǿ߻ѾҶʣµĶһЩ𣬲ô㲻㳹
ոߵһ·̣Ҷɫ˲䣬е˵ħʣˣȱһܡ
˵֮ҶӰ˲ʧԭأֱӻص˵ռڣҶոʧպȻһžƿ֮һƿߡ
Ҷ֮ûдħһ뵤ռ䣬ΪƿӦòԶħʳ֣ϾħҪԸ
źȻֵƿߣħʹƿߣ֪Ȼкιɣ
ħмҪǼȥ졣
ƿߵĻħƺܹµһ˿ҲûиʳƿΪ½ĴڣʵʵģһɱҲǰ
ƿкηԸ˵ܹ쵽һհ졣
Ҫȫ׷ɱҶ죬ܸκδۣ𣿡
Ȼʵħ뵽ֻǵõ֤ˣ񣬶ħѾȫҶĻΪԼ˻ɱҶ죬ôһĿƿ߾ͻᷴɱǡ
ƿģһɱҶ졣
ĵ˵ͷƿߵľ˲ʧڰ֮УʱҶڶħߣֱ˵Ȼ֪Ѿ֪ۼħǿߵ顣
ĵ˵ͷħҲɫص˵ƿ߹Ȼ⣬ΪҸոմϸܵɱ⡣
Ҳ´ǿȫƿ߾ۼ죬ƿȴ֪
ǽô죿
ҵʣһ취ΰ졣
μƿߣڶħʵĴܴ󣬲öħΨһеҵǣƿֻɱҶ죬ûгֻɱ
ûٳɣٴμӿ첽ʥأڸϵʥأҶ²ǰ㣬ʥʥ֮ϵǿȫʧСħŮĸ׶һ
ȴʥأҶħûмΪ˻ѾԿ϶ǿҲһۼ졣
ֻҶʵ벻ͨΪʲôҪ˵Լв⣬ô˵ʲô˵϶Ϊ
˵Ҫ˵𣬾ΣһȺ϶ѣΪʲôôɵԼҶ춼ûͨ
˵ǿߣҪȫۼ죬֮Ҷ뵽һܣǾƺأ޷Щˣ񶼲ԡ
죬²㣬ôڽĹûʵɱֻŻѡ
Ȼ²⣬ҶȴҲû˿İգϾƿƿߣħƿߵսռ˭Ҳ֪ƿߵ˶ôص˭Ҳ
Ҷ첢ûнԼ²߶ħʣΪҶ֪öħ֪ԼĲ²⣬ԶħʵԸҲ
ƿв˶ħʵҶȫԿ϶ħʲԼѰƿߵת֮ͷƿ߶ԸԼ
ҶһֱŽģʴĳЭ飬ûв֮⣬ȫʣͺʲ᳹һ㡣
ҶԼ뵽ʲôµʲôҲħ˵˵ϾԼ֮䶼Ǻܺ


849 ֵ
ǵüӿٶȣ뾡ҵƿߵת֮
ħʵĻҶһϲҪľЧϾܹöħȥѰңҪǸЧ
˵ͷҶ˵ڷͷж˭ʣͽ¸ǶˣôǶҪҵƿߵת֮
ҶħʸԷֿҶûжѰƿߵת֮ϾȥңҲֻǴһ㡣
뵤ռ䣬ҵĴޣҶֱӿʵĸҵԴ֮ˣ
Ĵȫҡҡͷôʱ䣬ĴȻûҵԴ֮ĴЩɣҶĵռڵûбԴ֮
飬ҶҲԼռ֪ԼĵռɳȵزӦûֱԴ֮
ɲԼĴޣһֱûڵռҵԴ֮ôҲ˵ռһûбԴ֮
ʵҶѾ뵽һܣǾԼǲûоԭ򣬱ϾԼǽɱתûתǲҲԤʾŵռһֱӵбԴ֮
뵽Ҷ̸񺣣ϾֻڽĹ֮вſԾ꣬ɾʹﵽ֮ӵбԴ֮
ĸټѰұԴ֮ˣҪǰһ顣
ҶĻĴȫɫһ䣬Ϊ˵Ժ֮УûмʶҶҪǰʲô顣
Ҷ죬ʲô㾡˵ֻҪܹģϵɽ»𺣣Ҳһüͷʲô˵ɡ
ĴҶûκοΪҶĴ޿Ϊϵɽ»𺣣ôҲΪĴҲǡ
죬סһ㣬ܷʲô飬Ƕһеȥ˵֮˲¶ݣغøԵϢ𣿡
Ĵ϶Щһ˿ɻ˲֪ҶԼȥʲôƺѾ³룬Ҷ˵ҽһ󷨣죬ƽǲ֣Ǿʱס
ҶĴѾ֪ʵݣԶĴһļɵ
Ĵʵ޷ͨԼһΪʲôҪΪУΪʲôҪЩˣҪ֪ЩǸ˿ϵûС
ΪһЩɵ˶һ½ףֵ
ҶˣôĴ޻ԥĳ֣ΪһЩɵˣĴ˵ﻰʵڲԸ⡣
Ĵ޾һԸΣ˶˽Ҷ죬Ҷһǲıġ
ʲôҪ˵ˣҶ֪ڲܾǣʱ޷Ը
˻Ĵ޶û˵ʲôҶ쿪ʼĴ󷨣ΪֻĴ󳬼ʹҶţƿһʱ֮Ҳȥ
ҶžԵģΪֻս¼һ㣬Ҳ֮ʵǿһҲҶΪﵽ֮ŵõġ
ҶһֱûʹҪֻԸƿߣҪ֪ܷҵƿߵת֮Ǹδ֪
ʱ޷ҵƿߵת֮ôҶֻƾֻ󣬱Ͼϣܹʵƿ߶ԿѾûˡ
Ҷ촫ڸĴ޵ֻֻڵһ󷨣ΪľֻĴ󳬼Ϊֻ֮Ϊһ
һһҹĴ޲ǿѧľֻ󣬵ĴҶǰʱҶɫҲˡ
ΪҶĴµľֻڸܵһ˿ϢҶţȻľֻ޷ɱƿߣҪɱһʻǺпܵġ
ûƿߵĺȻ˵ҶѾľֻȥԸǿˣϣ仯޳
ĴµľֻƺЩ̫ģҶֽĲ񷽣ޱȫ䵽Ĵڡ
ȻĴ޻ûи򵽸ʱ֮ҶĲ񷽣Ĵ޵ʵһࡣ
Ҫ֪ҶڵĲ񷽣ں˶ΪǿγɣҶ֪֮˼ɵԼΪԼʵٷ֮ǼɵԼӵеĲ񷽣
ţԼĲ񷽣ɵʱ򣬲֪Σ᲻һܹɱƿߣϾԼĲ񷽣ҶﻹǺŵģĴޣҶû˿ıܹپǶ١


850 Ļ
õҶĲ񷽣Ĵ޾ͺ˷ܼһ㣬һġ
׼뿪֮ʣȻͣ½ŲҶһֹӣ˿ĺǵۣҲҶеȲѡ
ôˣǲ飿
ҶӰ֮УһֱָҵӣûйСǵ״̬ôˣ̫߳ˣ
Ҷ죬һ˵ϣܹӦ
ĻҶϸɻﵽʲôҪԼӦҪ֪һ̵Ļɫ˵ģ˺ǱŤվ˫ֲ֪÷ﻹһүǣȫһС
Ҷ챻ﲻ֪׻ʲô˼ﻹû˵һߵСȴױŪˡ
ҶߣСںܱĵĿǰĻЩ˵˵£µģҶ죬˵ϲ𽡣
ϲ𽣿Ҷ֪Ͼ˵ĸȽĸʲա
Ҷʵ벻ͨȻϲƽģΪʲôҪµģҪһ㣬Ҷû
ϲϲɣʲô˵ģϲôˣֲһġ
ġҶ׼뿪һӾͼˣһסҶĸ첲ƺҶ뿪һ㣬ӱͨЩˡ
Ҷǳɻˣ֪ﵽôˣϾѾ֪ˣڻϲ𽣬ԼҲܣΪʲôų
쵽ôˣʲô龡˵һкܶҪ
˵ɣҪ飬Ҫ֤ﲻСȼˣֱһƹҶ˵
ԭ𽵱ѾӦֻҪΪܹͻһʹӦ޸˭֪ƾҶİһͻƵ˳ٰ֮֮£ڴӦ˻顣
ҶŵĴģܹһżȻҶѾ꣬ҶȴûȻ֮Ҫˡ
飬ҶǴ￪ģ˵Ǻ°˵ΪʲôĲһˣԭҪˡ
ҶĻɫӱͨЦҶ쿪ĵ˵û飬ȵ֮ҾΪֻ񡣡
ЦҶӰѾȥСԻһЦĿŻ𽣬ûû
·ϣֻҪһ뵽ϾҪˣҶϾ¶һ˿ЦݣϾѾôҶԴ޵ĸǺġ
ﰵЦ˼ҶٳŽ񺣸ȥһ·֮Ϸ۵糸û˿ͣռ˲䣬ʱ䣬ҶѾϵ⵺
ոս뽣񺣣ҶԾѾ˳ʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷҶɫЩأ˵Щ鷳ƿߵת֮䲻ǿڴ˾ۼ죬֪Ҫʲô
˵Ѿ񵺣Ĺ֮⣬ҶЩǵ˵Ҫٴν뽣Ĺ᲻ٴζ֣
ᣬһôҶҪ뽣Ĺ
ҶٶԼˣϾûаջɱԼŻץǣ˿ᣬԲ顣
Լǽɱʵת֮Ҷ첢ûжҶ˵ΪҪǵҶԵ֪ԼӾȻԼڣ֪ô롣
Ӷ˵ˣҶҲûټȥֻǹĵ˵Լģʲô飬ʼնļң𣿡
һů˹ĵ˵ͷҶٽ뽣Ĺ֮УĹȻݺᣬһ˿˿⡣
ͷųĴ飬ҶȥȻĴΪûͻ֮ҶֻҪԼѣôĴҲԻﵽ֮֮ҪǸʱ֮󣬳ƿ֮⣬˭Ķ֡
һ£ҶһʶսȻʱҶߺȻʣһʣ˭ҶĶ֡
Ĵոճֱ֣ĸٶȥһգ۵ʱͳʧĴæҶʱ
ȻѾָҶԼڽĹõļ䣬ֻǽɱʮ֮һļ䣬Ȼʮ֮һļ䶼ܵõ
ҶֻǴʮ֮һļõԼڽĹھ꣬ڽɱʵ֮ڽĹʲôطҶȴһ֪


851 ֻƿ
Ȼ֪ɱʵ굽ʲôطҶû˿İ취ܹѣôĵռҲܴɡ
ûбԴ֮ĵռ䣬ҶǸоЩ죬һ̣ҶѾܸʲôۣԼҪѣΪ֮
ĴѾȫҶҲûţҲһȥûвҶҲشСġ
Ĺһ۸ͷƺޱ޼һ㣬ĹڵĽݺᣬһ޼ʵĽĹ֪ΪʲôҶǸоĹԼĵռЩϵһ㡣
ѵĹǵռ䣿
ոͷҶͰҡҡͷҲ̫ˣĵռ仯ΪĹδЩʵ̫ǿˡ
ûٶ̫죬ΪҶҪʱͷųϢӦɱµ꣬һٶȿˣǾ͵òˡ
һҶ˲ϲ󲻹һгһȥΪһϢѾҵۼء
ܿ죬Ҷ˽ߣҲˣջĴ飬Ҷ쿴ǰһ̶̶֮ϵһɫС
ոտ̶֮ϵĺɫСҶƺסˣһգգĶźɫСڵĲ񷽣Ҳʼ
ֽССУҶܹĴӺɫСڸܵͬĲ񷽣ҶɱʵںɫСڡ
ҶҲû뵽ԼֻǸոս뽣ĹȻ֮ҵ˽ɱʵ꣬ҶԭΪҪʱѰҽɱʵꡣ
źɫСɢ񷽣ҶԼĲ²ûдʱϣԼһӵв񷽣ֻҶûͨǣΪʲôֳ׻ɫС
Ҫ֪֮ҪɱȫΪڵĲ񷽣ԼΪֻǸոմﵽ֮ѵĻôԶ޷ﵽ֮
ֻҪֻȥɫСôҲζҶӴԺ޿ܾ꣬ôҲԤʾΪԶ޷ʱ
ҶĲܸ᷸˵ͼĴ浽ʲô
ѵʵ޷ȥɫС
Ҷֻ뵽ܣΪ֮Ҳ벻ʲôԭʹֻȥɫСԼƽѡ
ʱҶɫ˲һ䣬Щޱȵ˵ʼٽĹһ
ҶĻ䣬޻ӺɫռЩ˵ԭǽɱת˵ʲôӵв񷽣
ޣҶʵûж񣬲ô˵ɷѪܹ֮֮Ҳǰ͡
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôҶǸоǰЩԾڵҶҲ֪һŻɻѡ
ȻʱΪ½֮һƹŵ֮磬ɵĴ͵Ϯʣ֮Ҳ״ɢ
ɾˣʾȻܹɹתڴ˻ָ֮λ˵ʲô
ȻûѣΪûдﵽ֮Ҳûг˽ⱾԴ֮İҶȴ֪һ飬ǾһλʱĴ͵ϮԲٴת
㵽˭
Ȼ֪ʾʣɲ֪ΪʲôҶǸоʻһݣһ֮ϵݡ
ʵҶѾ˲²⣬ǰǴ˵еλ֮һ±ԼУôҶҲ֪µǺǻ
֪Ѿ³ҵݣһȴ²ˣҲƿߣҲħƿߣֻƿߡ
ֻƿߣ
ʵĻҶ쳹ˣ壬ʸԼֻƿߣֱħҲ˸ߵԼ
ָԼֻƿߣλƿߣ⵽ô£һ̣Ҷף˽١
֪̫ɻ󣬲ҿΪһһ𣬶㵽ʱӦһ£Σ
Ҫ˵ʲô顣
İɣҲẦ㡣
˵ɡ
У֮һ壬ֱƿߣħƿߣƿߣֻƿߣ׷ƿߣұ֮еֻƿߡ
壬ƿߣħƿߣƿߣֻƿߣ׷ƿߣԭƿߣƿߣѹԼоʲͬԭ˼Ҹʲôʣ֮ϵֻƿߣ½ףƿһĴڣ޵дڡ


852 Ϊ֮
ƿ֮У׷һһ꣬ڷ⡣
˵˵ţƺ˱£ɫ˵䣬ϸǳһǰδеɱҶҲеССľȡ
ദ׷మ˽һ׷ңһ֮¶뿪·û뵽ƿ͵Ϯ籾Դ㱻ɢɾҲʼֻ֮
ֻƿеĻҶûΪֻǵϣȴû뵽ƿ߾ȻҲ顣
ҶûжʣΪȻֻƿѾѡôʣһҲ
ֻأڻָ˱ʵʱҲ֪Դӱƿ͵Ϯ֮Ȼٴ͵Ϯ׷ʹ׷Ҳֻ֮
ȻʵҶոֻرƿߴֻصʱѾµûֻƿߣƿһʹ˰ݣŹôõĻᡣ
Ҫ˵ƿߣԼ飬ҶԼҲԲŹ˺õĻᣬϾʹʲôֶΣֻҪܹ˾ȷġ
νʤΪΪܣֻҪӮսۣô˲ȥƽ㵽˺ְ취ȡʤֻʧߡ
Ĵ½Ȼƿǵƿ͵Ϯֻƿߣô״½Ȩ֪˭
ϣҶƿߵΪֻƿû˿ͬ飬ˣǿΪʤΪ
ʱ֪׷ƿɱҳ׼ˣҵƿˣյĽһǱƿߴֻأֻ֮൱ڲ֮׷ȴһƹ׷֮Ȼʵǿȴǲ֮
ǵ׷ƿѾ׸𣿡
Ҷ׷ƿߺпѾױ𣬱Ͼƿߵ֮׷ƿҲ޷ܡ
ҡҡͷֻƿɫЩ˵˵Ȼ׷ƿ͵Ϯ֪׷ûӦûֻ֮УΪ֮еõһŻ֣˻֣׷䡣
˽⵽һУҶ֪һ壬Ҳνƿߡ
ƿ߷Ϊɣһ׷ֻأһħɶ꣬ʧֻܵ׷ƿߡ
˵ɣкιɣ
Ҷֻƿ߲װ׺Լ˵ЩҲƽ޹ҵԼҪֻ֪ƿ߽һиԼôҲͶһ֪һеˡ
ԼֻƿߵҶţƴٴ˵ĺҲһ᲻ƽĳֻƿߡ
²ûȷ¡
мһֱףѵͲҽƿ𣿿Ҫֻ֪Ҫƿ֪飬һ᲻һеĳΪأ
ҶĻֻƿߵɫû˿ı䣬Į˵ȫᣬһᡣ
ҶЩǰŮӣƺѲµԼһУһо֮С
ƺܹҶ룬ֻƿ˵ûв²ĻƿѾʼˣ𣿡
Ҷû˵ȴһ˿ȣƿ߶Լֵ飬ֻҶ֪˸֪
ֻƿ߾ȻҲ֪ˣβҶеһ˿ȣĮʵһ£ƿߵڼɵʲô
ɵʲôҪ˵׷ҪɵΪƿ߶Ϊ֮˵ܹŹ𡣡
ȻȻֻƿûн˵꣬ҶȴѾףֻƿָƿ߼ɵڵĲ񷽣
һֱ벻ףҵʵвǣǲ񷽣ΣѵܱȵλյĻ֮
ʵҶһֱ벻ͨԼĲ񷽣ǿƿʲôˣѵ壬½ףƿյĻ֮ΪǿĲ񷽣ܹ˵ġ
֪ǲһֱΪ֮Ϊǿ
ѵ𣿡
ֻƿߵĻҶһԼ֪ĻǺ٣Ҷһ̿ȫȷһ飬ǾƿյĻ֮ǿпܣԼڵĲ񷽣ڻ֮ϵ


853 ƿ
ԳһЦֻƿ˵Уƿߣ½ףûܹƿߣ𣿡
ֻƿߵĻҶЩ֪˵ʲôϾʵˣϵȷƿߵ£Ҷʵ벻绹˭ʵܹƿߡ
ƿ߶Ǿڻӵл壬ǿ֮ʵıԴ֮޷֮Կ
Ҷı飬ֻƿ߾Ѿ³˸߰˰ˣЦЦ֮гһ˵ĲɣС
ҿԸ㣬ƿ߲ǿĴڣƿյĻ֮ҲǿĲ񷽣ǻ֮Ŀǡ
ʲô˼
Ҷ첻ɵӣֻܹƿ߿һУƿ߲ĴڣôҲ˵ƿ֮ϣڸߵĴڡ
µûƿ֮ϵȷŸߵĴڣǱƿߣǲ½ƿߡ
ƿߣ
Ҷ쳹ˣԭΪǿĴڣ߳ƿߣֳƿߣ⻹㣬Ȼƿ߸Ϊǿġ
ƿ֮ϵŸǿĴڣƿߣʲôҪ֪ƿ߶Ǿڻ֮УƿǺ
㲻ز²ˣƿߵپҲ֪һ¶ƿΪʦ𡣡
ʦƿߵʦ
ֻƿ߿еƿߣҶ֪ƿߵʵ״ﵽ˺ֵزǳԽƿߡ
λʦҲභ꣬Դһս֮ʦʹӴʧƬ½֮ϣ֮Ҳûгֹ
˼ڵĲ񷽣пܾƿյ֮һ
ҶҲ²⣬Ѿ̯ƿ߼ɵԼĲ񷽣½ܹƿ֮ϵֻƿߣôҲ˵ԼյĲ񷽣пܾƿյ֮һ
²ĺܶԣڵĲ񷽣ʦյϣʦյ֮⣬˻ʲô
ȻȻҶѲµɱ֤ʵ֮ﻹЩ𺳲ѣԼڵĲ񷽣Ȼͷ֮
ƿյѹҪԼأԭǼɵԼڵĲ񷽣
ڵΪֻǸոմﵽ֮Ҳֻһʣû˿вΪܹٽһﵽƿ֮ôͶ˺ܴвˡ
ƿߣ
ȫڻ֮Уӵл壬Ż֮ЩôҲﵽƿ߾磬ջ֮
Ҷ½ΪǿҲ֮籾Դ֮Ҫջ֮ǲ顣
ȻѾ˵Ҿͺ˵һ´½ĵȼ֣ʵɵ͵ԴΪʣƿߣмƿߣ߼ƿߡ
ֻƿ߸û˵֮µľ磬Ҷƿ֮µ߸ߡ
ƿǸ߼ƿߣмƿߣڳƿߣҲǳ֮Ϊαƿߡ
αƿߣ磬Ҷ쳹ˣƿ߻ǹģ˾Ϳƿߣ˼ҳƿ߾ͽαƿߣԵӡ
Ϊﵽ۷֮ԸռѰһֻ֮Ҫܹջ֮ԳɾͳƿߣԶֻ߼ƿߣмƿߣƿ˻֮Ҳ޷ɾ͸ߵľ磬Ϊǲǻ塣
гƿ𣿡
ҶΨһĵĲƿߣҲƿߣӲƿߣϾЩңԶҶֻ֪ϵû˴ﵽƿ֮
˵ͷֻƿٴ˵ȻУݵҵĸ֪½һа˴ƿߣֻǰһֱģϵѰܹͻƳƿߵİ취ǰȴ֪Ѱҵʱʵ֡
ȻҶ뵽½ֹ֮꣬ûгƿߣҲû뵽½ϾȻŰλƿߡ
ô½ϵʾֹˣֻʣʣ½ϵҲֻȫѰܹͻƸ߾ķ
Ȼ½Ű˴ƿߣΪʲôûгֶԸˣѵǾͲ°˴ƿвǵĵλ𣿡


854 ƭȥ
¶һı֮ɫƺڰ˴ƿ߸мһˡ
˴ƿк࣬ȻҲ˻֮ʼղĻ壬Ҫ˴ƿߣʱضԡ
ˣѾȫ˽ˣ˵⡣
ҶѾ˽½Ҳ֪ʵյĻ֣ʸǶڣԭ֮ϻ󾳽硣
ƿڸ߼ƿߣƿмƿߣõ֮ǳƿߣһһ㡣
ҡҡͷҶЦǿΣһϣһ³
ͺƿһֻƿαֻأ׷ƿ߸䲻δǲֻת֪
ƿѾǳʤˣϾѾŪĲ䣬½ҲΪס
鲢ûоʹսᣬڲƿ֮⣬ƿֿʼµսƿħƿ߸ƿҲˣ޷߳һ
㣬ҶԸֻҪܹһɱôҿŵպɾͳƿ֮λΣ
ɱƿߣԼɾͳƿߣ
֮£ջȷܴ󣬿ҶԼʵܶκвƿҲͬˡ
һ⡣
ԡ
ҵΪƿ֮ѵͲҶ㹹в𣿡
Ҷֻ֪ƿߵ˵ֻҪԼΪﵽƿ֮ƾڵĲ񷽣ȫԶԻƿ߹вҶͲֻƿ߲˼
ȻҶĻֻƿߵɫһ䣬Ǻָֻܿƽ˵㣬ǵĹͬҿŵȲƿ֮ʱ½ġ
ֻƿߵĻҶһЦֻҪɵӣֻƿߵĹϾ˭½һ޶ףƭȥɡ
ƺܹµҶ룬ֻƿ߼˵ʱΪﵽƿ֮Ҫɱ㶼Щ̫ܣΪأ
㣬ҪѣԼΪ
ȻһţҶ֪Լû˿취ӦֻƿߣôԼʵƿߵĶ֡
ڶвľܹԸҲֻƿߣֻƿԸԼû취
ʱָܹ۷ʵ
ҶȻֻƿҵԼģôҲԤʾţֻƿ߿Իָ۷ʵ򲻿ġ
ҵļѾȫָֻҪռҵҵĻ籾Դ֮ںϣʱҾͿԻָмƿߵʵ
ĵ˵ͷһλмƿܣҶʵ̤ʵ˺ܶ࣬ȻĲ񷽣вҶû˿İա
ȽѣֻҪΪ֮籾Դ֮ʱٽΪ۷֮ôҾа취Ϊٽһƿ֮
Ǿȸлˡ
ҶĻ䣬ֻƿߵӰѾʧԭأѾʧֻƿߣҶεҡҡͷȻڰֻƿߣҲڰԼҶȴ֪ʱԼܹɱôֻƿҲŹԼ
Ϊмƿߣһλƿ߶вǵĴڣ˴ƿ߲һƿ˴ƿ߸ʲôϾλƿ߸ǻ塣
ԼȴȫһˣԼڵĲ񷽣ȫ߼ƿյ֮һҲΪƿߵĿǣԼȫƾ񷽣ɱκƿߣΪвֻƿҲŹԼ
ЦһȻԼӦֻƿߵҪ󣬿ɵʱ˭Ӯһ֪ҶźɫС뿪ˡ
ҵ˽ɱʵ֮ҶѾûκεǣֻҪܹںϽɱʵ꣬ôΪ˲֮籾Դܹ֮õԼĵռ䡣
ҶѾֻҪѣΪ֮籾Դ֮ռ䣬ѰͻƳƿߵķ
˲󼺣ȻֻƿѾӦպƿ֮Ҷ첻ϲԼ˽κˣǻƿߣҪԼԼУҲ죬˭Լ


855 ɵ
Ҷ첢û뿪ĹΪ׼ڽĹ֮ڽѣϾĹڵĽֱ̫ʺˡ
һƧĵطҶ쾲ԭأźɫСɢĽ׼ʼѣΪ֮
ڵĲ񷽣ٵתҶͼԼڵĲ񷽣ͨɫСɺܿҶеһ˿ȵǣôڵĲ񷽣ʼ޷ͨɫСڵꡣ
΢΢һ̾ҶҪ겢һ׵飬ڵĲ񷽣޷ꡣ
ովʱҶ㳹׷ˣΪ֪Լʱ޷ѣƺȱʲôһ㡣
ɫСҶ߳Ĺո̤뽣ĹҶԿٶеʵڽĹ֮ƿ𣿡
ҡҡͷȻԼڽĹûƿߣȴһλƿߣֻƿߣƿߵĴڡ
Ҷν뽣Ĺֵãҵɱʵ֮⣬ҵһĿɽֻƿĿԻָʵôԲƿˡ
ԼүүҶû˿ԼڽĹ飬һһʮȫҶԣû˿ı
ҶĻҶҲеһ˿𾪣ȻҶԵΪﵽ֮ɱϾûдﵽ֮ڴ½ϵ֪
Ϊֻдﵽ֪֮½ϵһУҶ챾ǽɱʵתŲ񷽣ҶҲ֪֮࣬ƿҲɱֻƿ߸Ӳҵ
үүҲ´ΪѾָ˽۷ֻ֮һԻָ硣
ĵ˵ͷԼܹҶǸмԼӣҲʵû뵽Լ֮껹ܹؼա
˵ûʱ䣬һԻָ۷ʵﵽ۷֮
үүа취Ϊﵽ֮һֱӴﵽ֮Σ
ӵĻҶԵɫ˲ϲһ֮УϣǽΪֻ֮һ룬Ͼܹﵽġ
Ƭ½֮ϣʵ۷ڣǿ߶ؼһ޷ȥ½ֻôһ
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ҶԵĻҶȫҶʵھ̫飬Ǳ͵ϮӶӡռ䡣
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ҶҲ䶨ѾȫץߣֻʣҶһ˶ѣܹүүתƵռ䣬ôҲΪ
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ҶԳױˣʵ벻ԼΪʲôͻȻôһطҿһ¿ռ䣬ռڵĿռ֮ʱ֮˳㡣
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𵱳ҶЩɣУжʱ䣬ҶѾ°֮ʹżһҸƧĵط
ҶڽȥһûУһ˿꣬벻ôҪ
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Ҷʵû뵽Ͼ̺˲ʶô鷳βɱҶ̫ԲԼˡ
ٸû˿ĵǣһӸµӣ񵱳ǰ㲻֪ߵغ˵ɱҵĶӣһὫʬΡ
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Ҫ˵һλϾ̺һϾ̺ҶҲ˿ϣϾΪѾﵽ֮
ûеҶ֣ɫȻһ䣬ΪҶоһɿֲϢֱɿֲϢ֮УȻһ˿籾Դ֮
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ӵ籾Դ֮ʲôǿֻǿ߲ſӵбԴ֮Ҳ˵ڶʶѹһǿߡ
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˵ͷһ뵽ԼǸĶӣٸͺ޲ȥҶʬΣԼûǸʵϾ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
һҪΪ̷ôϣһҪһɱˣΪҲĶӱѩޡ
ʣҶ֪Լû˵Ȼôһλʣ½ԲֹϵЩʡ
ҶҲȻˣϾ½֮ϣƿ߶аλ֮࣬͸ӲҪ˵ʲôˣ㣬ҶһʣԼһǰλ
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첢ûٸĻǿǰʵȻһʣ⵺֮ϻʣʣܹǵġ
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ҶȴԺ˵ģʵʣ⣬Σ
겢ûлشԼ⣬ʲ㱩ߣʲɵϣȻ޿֣һ̡
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½ϳ˱Щ֮⣬׻жڰУ
Ҷǰ֪飬Ҷ˼ܹȫۼγһʲӣôѰƿߵת֮Ҳôˡ
Ļʵɫ˱䣬ܿͻָƽ˵ΪʲôҪ㣿ƾʲô㣿
֪һУôҿԱ֤ΪٴǳƿҲǲܣԼ࿼ǿǣҲʱţΣ


857 ʸ
ҶĻǳױˣһŵĿǰꡣ
Ҫ֪ƿߵֻΪﵽ֮Ȩ֪ΪֻΪ֮ϣ׷ߵľ磬Ҳǳƿ֮
úʵǰĺ֪ģΪ֮ԼʾԲܽ½ϵܸ߱ˡ
ѵʸߵꣿ
룬Ĳ̫ܣϾʶҪԼţ֮Լţʲ˵ġ
ϳŵĺʣҶЦһٴ˵ҿ԰õ֮Ϊƿ֮
һ⣬ô֪Щģ
ʣҶӵĳ𡭡
ûеٸѻ˵꣬ɫ˲һ䣬Įޱȵ˵עԼݣôòô
˵ٸԹԵı죬һ仰Ҳ˵ϾһҪɱͺһֻ࣬϶磬ı硣
ȻǺϰϾ̺ȴֻ֪ϵĺϰĺϰȴߵλʣһλʼǿߣΪǿĴڡ
˵൱һܣκǰҪͨʵָʾΪ˺ʣϹһϾ̺Ҳ䡣
ߵϾ̺ںһССʲôҲᱻ
ҿԸ㡱Ҷͨʶ˺ʣƿߣֻƿߵȴû˵˿
ҶĻеɻ˲ʧҶǽɱתôһжѾˣϾΪµһǿߣɱ֪Щô½û֪ˡ
ܰΪ
˵ͷҶѾһ˿ͷȻһʶҪҲǷҪȡʣҪ֪Ѿһƿߣʵİ
಻㣬ôϣ㾡һ𰸣ΪһкܶҪ
Զһͷĺ꣬Ͼ̺㱻ŻȥȻʵǿɱϾֻһ𣬺ʲôˣϵǿߡ
ڵƺЩܼɵһ㣬ְڳһܲͷӣʲû˿ŭЩͽƵġ
⵽ô£ǲ̫˵㣬һʾȻɵһ⻹Լµ
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ʣҶӵĳ𡭡
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꺣ʵĻϾ̺ɫ˲ת䣬ûлͷ뿪ˣΪʲΪԼԷ꣬ʲôԭ򣬺ǲ˵ġ
ȵϾ̺ʧ֮󣬺ʾͺͻһƵģϵı֮ɫҲ˲ʧһЦݡ
ʱ仯֮죬ҶҲûжʣ˵ǷѾã
ĵ˵ͷ˵ȻǽɱתôҵȻ᲻㣬ʣϾҪ֮ƿʵ̫ˣôһû˵һλ˳ƿ֮
ں˵֮ҶҲ˽⣬ֻƿ߸˴ƿߵ飬Ҳ֪ȻŰ˴ƿߡ
ҶԿ϶һ㣬ǾֻҪռҵ֮ôԼǺʣǶԴﵽƿ֮
˴ƿߵ飬Ҷ첢ûиߺʣ˵Ϊ½ϴһʣӦ֪ռɡ
Ȼ֪һ£ȥһ£ֻҪΪܹﵽ֮Ƕ֪ﵽռͿԳɾͳƿ֮ûһλʿԽռ䡣
а취ռ䣬ֻҪܹѡ
İɣȻѡ㣬ôպͻ㣬µһǿǲƭҵġ
˵֮˿ȥҶȻӦ˺ʣպһʵԼĳŵҶҲɵϣô˵ʶһʣò
ν⵺ҶҲʵû뵽ȻҵһʣԴ֮⣬һӵλʰԼаʡ
źʣҶ˿ٸ˳ǣΪѾԼһ֮󶼱˳ǻͣͬѰƿߵת֮
е˳ǣʾȻûиϵûа취Ҷͺֻʱڷ˳ǣϾûҪҵƿߵת̸֮ס


858 ˲
һ죬ҶȻûеȵʣҶЩסˡ
˵õڷ˳ǻͣӳ죬ȻûеҶɲ顣
Լţ˵óôǻᱻЦҶЩɣǲʳʲô顣
Ҫ֪ƿ߽ǿȫۼ죬ֻʣ´½ϵǿ߻ûټȻʶ˵û˿вͬգˡ
Ĳ¼ɣҲὫȫɱ󻼣Ҷ쵣ǣǲѾƿɱ
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Ҷһֱи²⣬Ǿƿߵƣƿ߿Գ׻ָʵԲͷβ
Ҫ֪ƿΪƿ֮һʵ֮ǿǰδУ˵ΪǿĴڣҸյĻʤߡ
ƿһʵֻһ㣬ҶţƿߵԸԲŹԼضɱԼ
Ҷ죬ȷƿ𣿡
ȻЩʣɲôҶƭˣӦòƭˣϾӽɱʲῪЦ
ҿԱ֤Ҫľҵƿߵת֮ƿ߶ƿߣǲлᣬѾһи㣬δԼŰɡ
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Ҷͻ뵽ʻˣҲûжԹϾ˸־ҲͬˣԼڶģһ·һҪǣƿʵԸʣҶ컹ò⣬׻᲻֡
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ʵҲԸƿߵм˭Ҳ֪µһǿ߽ɱͬˡ
֪ûнĴ𰸣Ҫ֪ΪֻŪž̤ʵ𰸺пǴġ
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Ըƿ߾Ȼа˲գȻ̧ͷ˫⣬˵ţҪ㣬Ҳܳɾ֮Ϊ˲գҸԸðһա
¶ҶССľһʵû뵽ʾȻԼϾԷƿߣȫ֮ϵĴڣֻҪһָͷûʡ
ƺҶ룬һЦʼһʱ֮ҶףΪʲôԼ
ԭ컹һʣֻһʱ򣬱׷ɱЩ䣬ɾǸʱ򣬽ɱʳˣɱļңһָơ
ĺ˵ĸоϾֻһǿﶼǸ߸ϵģǽɱʣǽ񺣵ڣҸµһǿߡ
ɱʱڴ½ţ棬η֮Ȼûһ˸棬ӶҲΪµһ


859 ֮
쵱ʱжһͿΪɱʲȻصֱͻ֮
˵ûнɱǴεľ֮Ҫ˵Ϊﵽܻ֮ܲ϶Ǹδ֪
Դһ̺ʾѾԷģպ󲻹ܷʲô飬ԼҪɱʣϵɽ»𺣡
Ȼǰĺ꣬ӱĽɱʣϾҶûܹѣɺȴôࡣ
һĲҶ죬ǻʣǴ½ȫ룬ҲӦϾԸƿߡ
ǽɱʣľˣԸƿߣ֪пܶɺȻȻĴӦΪģΪ˽ɱһ˶ѡ
꺣ʵҶ췭ԺļҲûܹϾûѣԼ֮ǰ֪
Ҷ˵ÿһ仰ţΪӺ￴˶Լֹж
ֻҶû뵽ԼȻɣƫƫ˺ʣԼ֮оȵһλȻڱһʡ
ʵҶﻹǺܸмϾ̺ģѰ֣ҲԸҲӵһʰ֡
һֱ⵺ǲǾΪ˰տ񺣣
ʵҶҲԴӵԼǿ߹ͬ죬ʵѾΡΡɼ
Ͼ񺣾ȫƾһ˶ѣû˽ɱ򣬾൱ʧȥĹǣϾ½ϻкܶصľǿߡ
ǴûŽɱʸ죬Ϊ˰｣ɱʿңֻúû뵽ǣνɱʸȻûٻ
Ҫ֪ɱʸȫΪ˴½Σ½ô½ȷѪ꣬Ϳ̿
ŽɱĽ񺣣ʵûеǣɽɱΪ˴½ΣȻȻ죬ӡͨ
ʵҶҲû뵽ƿΪ˻ɱԼϧ½Ϊۣ룬һֶεαӡ
ңÿ춼Ÿα㣬ҵȵһ죬ҪԸҲκ⣬ֻô⺣һܡ
ܣҶ֪ܹʳ֮ΪܣôͬСɣʵʲôܣ
Ҵ⵺꣬ػ֮⣬һֱס֮ڣһ֮У֮ڷһ
һ֮ڷһ꺣ʵܣҶ첢ûоʲô֮ϾĹܶࡣ
ƺܹµҶ룬ɫЩ˵֮սһͨĹΪڹ߸ܵһ˿֮
֮֮ڵĹȻŻ֮ҶҲһΪ֪ϣֻƿ߲ſջ֮
Ҷֻ֪֮ռУ½ϸֻ֮⵺Ȼ˻֮⵽˵ʲô
Ҷڷ֣Լ˽Ļ̫٣кܶǲף⵺ֻ֮˵ˡ
𣿡
ոʳڣҶаҡҡͷʽ˴ôһ̵ĺʾͲˣǺƿˡ
¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ˵ܹͺˣϾܹõ֮ҵΪƿ֮ǲʹְ취ʼ޷õ֮
ȻҲҶеһ˿𺳣ʿһλʵǿߣ籾Դ֮˵Ǵ½۷ǿߣƿ֮⣬ʻԳ֮Ϊ½۷ڡ
ɾһ۷ڵľǿߣȻ޷򿪴˵ʲôһʶ޷򿪣ô˵ֻƿ߲ܿ
ɲǺεȾƿߣѾ˻֮Ĵڣǳƿߣûл֮⣬Ҳȫ֮
˵ڵĻֻ֮֮µãƿû˿ãƿ߸עִ򲻿ô仰˵ͺһ޷򿪵ıأֻܿá
δ
ôȻ֪½ϾȻеطڻ֮ôҶѾôԼҪȥԼʶһ£һʱܹ򿪴еõ֮Ҳʡһռ䡣
ڽɱʣû˿ʶλøҶ죬꺣ĻҶһ˿ССĸжϾ߶Ļ֮ʻԥĸԼ˵Լû˿ķ


860 ̽·ʯ
պ˵λ⵺ײ㣬Ϊﵽ֮޷С
Ҳ˵½ܹĻûмˣΪ͵ҲҪﵽ𼶱𣬿ɾʶ޷ôܹ˿֪
˵ͷҶû˵ڴκ飬Ϊȸ㶨ǰһУȻԼǷܹ
Ҷ죬Ƿȥ
Ժ˵Ѿо˼λʵϢ
ȻʶԼɹڴ飬ҶʣƺܹҶ룬Ҳûж˵ʲô
˸ոסڣԶӰһգ۵ʱ䣬ʾѾȫվҶǰ϶һء
ôˣǲǳʲô飿
Ҷʵʵƿ⣬˭ܹأѲƿѾ
ƺѾ³Ҷ룬ޱص˵Ҷ죬鷳ˡ
ŶѵƿѾǣ
Ҷ֪½ܹвҲƿߣҲֻƿ߿ҶΪƿǲѾҵʡ
ҡҡͷЩε˵ƿߣȻƿҲǣֻ˶ԸѣǵĲƿߣһƿߡ
һƿߣʵĻҶʱ󾪣Ҫ֪½һֻʮƿߣ߼ƿߣмƿߺͰƿߡ
ֻƿߵĻƿѾʧȥӰƿߣƿ⣬Ĵƿ߻Ѿ䣬ôֻʣ˰˴ƿߡ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾܹȷҵʵƿߣһǰ˴ƿеһʵƿߣ
ĵ˵ͷΪﵽ֮Ѿ֪˴½ϵһЩܣڳƿ߸֪Ͼٽһ֮
ҵǵˮƿߣ֮һħŶǸƿߡ
ˮƿߣȻʱֻƿ߸һŰ˴ƿߣҶȴ֪˴ƿߵ䡣
ǷܹҴ½ϵİλƿߣ
ԭ㻹֪ˣ㲻˵Ƕˣ㻹ûѣ֪˴ƿҲ֮Уڸ㽲˴ƿߵ顣
ħȿڣħ뽣һֱھӣɱǽ񺣵ڣħǶħڣȻڶԿ֮ȴûжٷ
֮һƿߣֱƿߣħƿߣƿߣƿһֱޣӮƿߡ
ħʵĻҶϿԿ϶һӵƿߵ飬ʸֻ֪ƿҵԼ֪ϻƿߴڡ
ƿ֮£ǰ˴ƿߣֱиģͬʱ˳ƿ֮½Ҳûһ߿ƿ֮
иģ
зֱǽľˮҲ˵½ϵİ˴ƿ߷ֱǽƿߣľƿߣˮƿߣƿߣƿߣƿߣƿ߻ľƿߡ
˴ƿ߷ֱƹҪ֪УһƿյҶ첻Ǻ
ˮƿ֮ħŶʲô飿
֪Ϊʲôˮƿ߾Ȼۼǿ߸ħŶҶһִ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǲǰ˴ƿ׼Ըƿߡ
Ҫ֪Դƿ߾սռ֮ħƿƿ˫˫䣬ֻؽת䲻ֻƿ׷ƿͬˡ
ƿֻʣһƿߣɻˣֻҪ˴ƿ֣δزܳ׻ɱƿߡ
˴ƿֻɱƿߣôӴ֮½ǰ˴ƿߵ£Ҳ˵˴ƿ߱Ϊ˴½ס
ҶȻƿˣɵ˵˺̶ֳȣ֮˭Ҳ֪Ծ˴ƿҲû˿İա
ƿһû֮˵ôأô룬ֻҪƿԸ⣬˴ƿ˲ҷû˿ء
Ϊ˱˴ƿһҪҵ̽·ʯΪǰ̽·һƿߵ˵Ρ


861 ʺ
Ҷܹµģܹͬµֻȴû˿İ취Ͼƿ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ƿյǻ֮ȴյ籾Դ֮Ŀ⣬籾Դ֮Ͳ
ħħŶǺεأ
ҶȻûѣԶһЩ黹Ǻ˽⣬ħŶˣҶţȻˮƿʸħŶôһа˴ƿߵ˼
ħŶǵħƿߵϳԴħƿʧ֮һֱû˸׽ħŶഫħŶħƿĻ塣
Ҷ죬Ȼ㻹ûѣҲ㣬Դħƿʧ֮󣬴½һֱԣֻҪܹħƿĻ壬ɾͻƿ֮λ
ȻʵҶոѾµˣƿ֮Գư£ӵл壬ڻ֮С
˴ƿ֮޷ƿ߶ԿΪ˴ƿûл壬ֻҪܹõħƿĻ壬ôɾµĻƿҲǲܡ
ҶȻħƿѾ䣬ʱпֻתɹôǸʱ˾û˿ϣˡ
˴ƿҲƺԤϵЩȲ֮УܹõħƿµĻ壬ô˴ƿҲƿˡ
Ҷ죬ѾãȲҪѣ˴ƿҲһ㣬ʱڰһܹõħƿߵĻ壬ҲһƴıǮΪΣ
ʵĻҶ˳˼֮Уʵ˼Ҷףڻûѣǽɱʡ
Ϊ֮ᱻ˴ƿ߷һѣôͻȫһˡ
ΪյµһǿߣҶ֪˴ƿһԼ˶̽·ʯͰ˵ڰᣬ˵Եõ⾪ϲ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵ȻˣʱڰֻҪܹõ壬ʱͲڵʲô
ҶľҲ˼֣ȻΪѾﵽ֮ʱϾˣҲԸ׶
̶֮Ҷʽܵλ⵺ʡ
ʡʣɫЩɻ⵺˽ɱħ֮⣬Ȼŵλʡ
ǶħʣȻûʲôȴǾޱȣҪ֪⵺֮һֱ򣬳ǽɱʡ
⵺꣬Ҷħ⵺ް֮һǶħȻûз֣⵺һλ
źҶ̶ܳȣֱڶħﶼһ˿£Ҫ֪ħ뽣һֱˮݣһ
ȻԼǽɱʣǱһ̬֮֮ȹۿﶼϣԼһ
ɱʷǿ߹һִֵ½ħҲû˿취ħʴħȫ졣
Լһ뿪⵺ҲԤʾӴ֮ûϵĲ룬һʱ֮䣬Ƕħǽ񺣣ľ͸
˭Ҳû뵽ħһλȻͻƿﵽ֮ԴӴ½ϵȫ󣬶ħλ˵˶һλ
Ȼһһ𶼲սɶħһλ򣬽ﳹûˡ
Ҫ֪½ûһȫ죬ʲôʱع鶼˵һħĸ񾭲ϣֶԸ񺣵Ļô֮󣬿ҲҪԹԵűڡ
û˿취ֻڽ񵺣ħҲûΥʵǧһֱûгֶԸ񺣣ҪȻһ̵Ľ˵Ѹˡ
ǰĺʣħʱʳԼڵֶԸħôڶħѾˡ
Ȼħһλ𣬿Ǿͺ࣬һȫ¾⵺һʵĿ¡
֪Ǻʱ⵺ôûм֡
ﲻģħʻǳʵħ룬ڳļﶼܲµиЦһ˵ԼǧǰʱҲǵòǺʱǿ߻û뿪⵺


862 
ǰĶħʣЦ
ħʲʶʶħʣǱ꣬һֱĬĬػŽ񺣣ܽɱڲڽ񵺶һ
ʵħʵĵȫǶԵģΪսӮǽôҲð죬ǽ񺣣ôʾԻħ
һ˵һֱײˣ㵽ʱħ֪ΣѲɻҪ֮ս
ҶҲܲµĮ˵ôǻµʱ䣬ϣܹʱڣҵƿߵת֮
ֻƿߺ׷ƿߵ飬Ҷ첢ûиʣȻѾվͬһսҲС
Ե˵ͷÿﶼ֪ƿ߻ǰ˴ƿߣԼʼնϣƷֻҪˣʱпܱɱ
õİ취Ǿҵƿߵת֮ƿ߶ƿߣ˵ǻ֮
ΣѾڷֿ㵽ʱһЩ鷳ҲиأҪȻֿ֮һˣʱиʧҲ֪
˲û뿪˳ǣѡסΪ˾ɳһѰʣֻнȫۼиİնԸƿߡ
֮˾Ҷټʣ˽֪ʵַȫ˵˳һʡ
ںʵİΣҶ첻ǺܵǣһʲѡʱֶԸʣڶΪһʵʣʵ
뿪˳ǣҶ쳯֮һʵλöȥҶʵû뵽֪ʾλ֮ࡣ
⻹㣬֮УȻλʣҪ֪½񶼺ټҶֻռһΣоߵĴ󳬼
ڴ½ϾȻһӳλʣ˵¾Ҷ춼ѡš
֮Уʷֱʣʣ˵֮Уʵʵӿֲ
ҶҲû˿ȣͬȼ£޵ʵһ㶼ǿߣοʣ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ʾסĵطһƬ֮أ֮ػ̣϶ûУҲѹ֣˶ӵĻ޶ϲס
ո̤֮أҶɫҲЩ̫ÿʵ벻ͨΪǿߣΪʲôס
ħʵָʾʾסĵƢֲˣħ֮дţûбĥ
룬Ҷûие˿İΪ֮Уֻ룬ֻŵ֮صȣȽϡ
֮ҪҶ֮еĻҪһ޼ʣҶٶȣϵʱҲѾǵڶƻˡ
ոյִҶѾоһبŵϢؼϢƺҪبϢתҶ컹Ϣ֮иܵһ˿籾Դ֮
Ϣ֮ɢ籾Դ֮ҶһϲΪԼûҴطʹȻ
ЩЦҶô;һϲ˯Ҫ֪ϲ˯ǾΪһֻ֮£˯ռ
ҶҲʵû뵽ǣʾȻҲϲ˯ΪϢϾܹоĳѾ˯˲ʱ䡣
¶һ˿εЦݣҶӰ˲ʧԭأһתѾһɫ޶ڣ޶ͺһһ㣬ޱȡ
ڹ룬һֻа׳ں˯ŴʣҶֱѾȴûмС룬ȫ߸֪
ʸԼ֮һֻ룬ΪѾﵽ֮ôԼվǰҲԲţǰһʡ
ͨǰɢϢҶǰʵʵԺֲܿѾԽ˼еʣȿҲеһƴ
Ҫ֪֮УҪǽɱʵһˣҽɱҪҲǺףʵʵп֮ϣôҲ˵ʵʵȫп뽣ɱ
¼Ȼ˶ǿߣϧȴȫڹΪֻʶѣⲻ֪֮⣬¼֮ࡣ


863 Ůƨ
ȻһҶ쾲ʴ˯֮
Ҷ쳹ǣӶ߰ԶʾͺûƵģһһ㡣
ݺݵıһʣҶֱʱЩЦĿŽߵǿߣ׼ƨɺݺݵȥ
ҶΪǿߣǽɱתʵ֮ǿ֪Ȼֻͨͨһţ֮ѳͨ˵֪Χ
Ҳ˭ƨɡ
һ˲ҶһźݺݵĴƨϣʵôǿҲʱеƨɻʹ
ոջֻǰ׳룬һգ۵ʱ䣬һŮӳҶǰɫЩŭǸܵҶɢϢ˵ѳֽɱˡ
ǺˣΪʲô
Լƨɣۿǰ꣬Ůӵ˵һ˵ķŭƺʱܱһ㡣
ǰľŮӣҶһʱ֮ҲɵˣҲʵû뵽ʿеʣȻһλŮӣƹɫ㣬ļλ֪ȣҲԲ˿ʤ֡
ҽҶ죬ƳǣǰҪʰæ
ǰĺ꣬ŮӺȻЦˣЦ֮г˱ģŭûдкֱӳҶȥ
ҶӰҲ˲ʧҶϵһ֣ϾԼ˼ҴƨɣһܹȥŹ֡
ͨռ˲ƼܣҶֱʱ˵ס֣ʵ£¡
ҶȻܹʩչռ˲ͨҲ¶һ˿ȣΪΪﵽ־磬ӵпռ˲ͨ
תŮЩ˵¾£ƨɣô꣬û˸ƨɵģ첻ʲô붼̸
ŮҲǾ֮ˣֻҪһܹʩչռ˲ͨѾ֪Լʵ޷˺꣬Ҳͬˡ
ʵĻҶһ֪ǸŮӣ˵ʲôҲ˼ҵƨɣڻҶݺݵıһʡ
㽫Ů˵ҲŪزԽԽԽԽԼ֮ʵƨɣ
ʣҵϢԵոƨɵһţĲֵôʱһҲһţΣ
ӹתȦŮƺ⣬˵ԣʱϢΪֵôҾҪƨɡ
ԡ
Ȼ˵ɣʲô
ҶҲû˿ԥֱӽƿ߸ҪԸǿߵ飬һһʮȫ˵˳ЩͼӴףûеҶҲ˵˳
ҶĻŮӵɫ˲䣬ЩȲʵô֪ЩģһССʲôʸ֪Щ
ʲɵϣȻϢ㹻𺳣ϢûŪϾƿ߿ɴûгֶԸǡ
಻㣬ֻ֪ͨ㣬ҲһԸѾʣΣ
ȻҪֶԸƿߣŮӾͺɵһһĳܻ˵ƾǣ
ŵƿ߾սռҲ֪ƿ߾սռ䣬ƿħƿ䲻ƿȴˣûȫָûв´ܵƸܳ׻ָȻҪֶԸǣΪʲôһȳֻ֣Ҫܹôպ½Ҳڵǡ
˵ֻһ䣬ƾʲôΪƿ˲ɻָƣһƶϴҪٲ֮أ
кݺݵһǰŮӣѾĻͦһҶ챾˶֪ôش𣬲ҶɲɵϣȻֱ˵뷨
һɷģڲǰǼȻѾȫҳˣʵûлɱҵʵˣ
˵ʲôѾƿˣƿ߻֣ûܹɹɱ㣿ⲻܡ
ҶĻʳ׾Ϊһʣƿߵʵνˣջ֮ƿߣҪɱǸһ׾ٵ飬˵ʵôǿƿʼնһֻϰˡ


864 һһ
ʵƿ߶ǰĺ֣ȻûгɹǶôһŵ顣
ЩЩҶԼƿ飬½ûмܹš
ʵҶͬԼӵеռ䣬ôԼԲܶƿߵĻɱ
ʣŲţҪΪ㿼ǣȵƿĶ֮ʱǸʱѾΪʱ
һʱǣȻ㡣
ʵĻҶжʱһϲΪ֪ʱ濴ȥͬ⣬ѾʵӦԼϾ˭Ҳ붪Լ
ҶҲûдߣվԭشܣͺһبŵĴɢ˿˿بŵϢ
һʱת۶ţȻ̧ͷޱصʵԸƿߣмգ
˲㡱ͬ⣬ͬĻشȻҶҲ˿ûףòѣΪҪʵȥԸ
˲㣬֣˫˲һʵʺһƿһֱԹܹɹɱƿߵĻôӴ֮֮Ҳκˡ
Ϊﵽ֮½ҪǵֻƿߣֻҪƿԸ⣬ʱᱻɱǿߵı硣
׼뿪֮ʣſһ˲䱻ȫ˿ҲʹҶССľһ
ҶҲûжʣ˿뿪ģ֮У֮⣬һʣǲʡ
һ·֮ϣʵ̬ȳĺãҶʱܲˣͨҶ˽⵽һֻ񣬶һйԲʵʵҪǿϺܶࡣ
ҶһȣҪ֪ʵʵѾԽʺܶ࣬ڲʵʵȻҪ߹ʣôҲ˵ʵʵѾﵽһֲĵز
ҶɣʵʵԱ뽣ɱʵʵҶִܸۣȡ
׸㶨ʣҶʵ벻ͨΪʲô˵ʵƢǲãѽ˵
ĺǣߵľͷ˵ĺľͷÿﶼ쵽ûоͷ˭Ҳֻ֪һˡ
Ҷ֪ʾȻסĺʱ˾˺óʱ䣬ΪͨԺ֮еļ䣬Ҷ֪ĺط
һ뵽ĵĺҪʮҵʱ䣬Ҷ͸еͷ󣬱Ͼ֮ǾҪˮƿ߸ħŶˣҶɲʧȥλᣬõħŶĻ壬ô˵Գɾͻƿ֮λ
ҶֻҪԼΪܹмƿ֮ôƿ߾Ͳв˵Իɱƿߡ
һ·֮ϣҲû˿ͣ·ʾͺ񳹵ױһƵģҶֱ˳ͺӶɷһ㡣
Ļƻ裬ûм·һʱסҶ˵ӦֱͣĺǣϾ˵ʵеۡ
ȴͬ⣬û˿취Ͼ˼ԼģѲԼҪӲʸ·ɡ
ջҶ棬ϰСˣһͷʮûеҶ춯֣ʾһҹĲһ㣬һһͷʮ£һͷѾʧ
һһʣҶǸ⵽뻹ǾһһĸģĳԷʵûм
ſţҶҲĽСٴͷҶʵڵģͷ²ʳԵġ
ոһͷûзŵҶɫЩҲûмȥ˾һߵ
Ҷ첻һ׵һӣڱ߳ԱģһɫްĴ˵֪𣬲ǰǴһشϢ˵ǳһħˣһħǿߣиǿߣɲôʼնħĶ֡
˵ˣһ˵ħһ֪ʲô𣿡
󺺿еĻҶ컹ʣɫǴ䣬ΪжʲôǶ
ͬ½Ҳûмǰ˴ƿҲδӵг
ʲô
ǳԽĴڣޱȣܹõôԿԽս


865 ƿ
󺺵ĻҶ쵹ᣬΪһһƿƾŲ񽣣ҶȫԽɱˡ
˵ҶΪﵽһ֮ƾŲȫԻɱһ۷ǿߣǳֲ֮
ûмȥǣͨʣ˵֪ǾջԶʱԡ
ܿ죬Ѿ˳֮⣬Ȼ˻ûǣѾܹӳڸܵһɹǿϢоȻǿߡ
˻࿴˿ԶӸԵ￴һ˿𾪣Ҫ֪Դƿƿ֮ħԶûˡ
˵ħѾûǿֹ߳ħҪ½ϰ˴ħɰ˴ħΪߵҲֻħѡ
ڳ˶ǿߣлʵԸһħ֪ǵħʵжôǿħоȻһ
˲ٳɣֱӳǶȥոս룬˾Ϳ֮ϴսһȫںڵĴڱΧл
Ҷһ£Χ˵ߴԼˣйʮʵΧһħȻ޷䳹׻ɱ
Ǹô죿

Ҷ׼ֵʱȱ˳ȥҲûʷѶ󹦷򣬸ոջڶǿȫſˣм˻ʲСŪˡ
㵽˭Ϊʲôǳ֣
ǰľŮ֮¶һ˿־壬ʮ񣬸𺳵ĿǰŮ̸ܹܵǰľŮжôǿʵ
ˣֱӴź˿ٵ뿪ܿ죬Ѿ뿪˳ǣһƧɽ塣
㵽˭
ովֱӿʵʵҶ컹ʣﶼЩʣǰĺʡ
֪Ϊʲô˶ǰĺЩͬѰΪǷ֣ǰĺֻһħ񣬵һССħȴֵܹסʮΧ
Ȼųɲô˵Էʮ񣬾ӵгΣ
ǺΪʲôҪ㣿ʲô
ˣȴӲǰ˵ʵеһѪĿҶʡ
˵ĻҶȫɵˣʵû뵽صϣҪʳ֣˵䣬ɶǺɱƵġ
׼ߵʱҶҡҡ֣˵Ҳµûƿߵת֮
ҶĻո˵꣬һߵʳױסˣһȵĿǰĺˣʵû뵽ǰĺ˾Ȼƿ֮һƿߵת֮
ʣҶĻһЩŵĿǰĺ꣬ʵô֪ģ
Ȼ˵ĻҶѾ֤ʵԼĲ²⣬ҶҲûոմӺϸܵһ˿֮
Ȼɻ֮εĺܺãɻǱҶ췢ˣŲԶĺˣҶһ˿ϲҲʵû뵽ܹƿ֮һƿߵת֮
Ҫ֪Ҷ챾Ҫƿߵת֮ȻҶû˵ʲôһֱûףԼΣҪҵƿߵת֮ͺһ㡣
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬿ԼƷ󱬷Ȼҵƿߵת֮
Ҫ㡣
ң£
ҲûȥϾǰѾ֪ԼʵݣȥҲûʲôôѾɱΪʵûȫָ˵һѳֽ˻ɱˡ
ֶԸΣ
Ҷû˿ĹĨǣΪƿߵת֮ΪľһֶԸƿ߶Ըƿߣ֮ҶĲûԥֱ˵ԼĿġ
ҶĻٴһЩȷʵո˵ĿģҪԸ֪˭𣿡
мƿߣħƿߣƿһֶԸƿߣĽȴǳıѣƿ߰㣬ħƿֻ߲֮Ҹҿ϶һҪ𡣡
ҶĻո˵꣬Ǻ˱סˣһһֱûп˵ҲסˣΪʶЩû˵


866 ͼ
Ҷ죬Ϊʲôƿߣ
½֮ϣ֪ƿߵˣֻа˴ƿԼҶ˶ѣǿҲ֪
ҶûлشʵĻ˳Ķǰˣ˵ҿԿ϶ûҵİתɹ
ƾʲô
Զˣں˿ȻҶ֪˴½ϵһЩܣⲢжԿƿߵʵһССȻҪԸһмƿߣֱǸЦ
Ҷ᲻֪ЦһʵҶȻһͷǾһֻɱƿߡ
Ҫ֪ƿƿһмƿߣƿߵһֶԸƿߣﷴʵҶƿߺƿʵһ֮ѡ
ҶֻͬҪԼɱƿߣȻõƿԺ֮еȫ䣬ôԵõƿߵĻ壬Ҳ˵ȫпȡƿ߳ΪһĻƿߡ
ԼûǸʵɱƿߣҶû˿ĵǣҪ֪ƿ߻ûгɹתɹΪǲŴﵽ֮
ʵʵʵҶŰٷ֮ٵܹ׻ɱƿߣƿ˿Ļᡣ
ҶҲЩǣɱƿߣȴûеõԺ֮еһУôҲ˵ƿ߽Զʧϡ
ûƿߣôϻ˭ܹԿϾҲȫ׵ֻƿߡ
һɱƿߣһǲɱƿߣʵԾ
ԭ㲻ΪеĳΪڵĻ壬𣿡
ƺѾµҶ룬˷һЦʵҶ˵һеʱ򣬺˾Ѿµˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊƿ֮һ䣬壬ô˸Ϊƿ֮;ƿߣǧŲĵ
ĵ˵ͷҶҲû˿ϾԼеȷôģҾѣƿҲš
ͷϵ¶һ˿֮飬˵㵹һ˵ˣҿԸ㣬ˣҲܵõҵĻ壬ΪµĻƿߡ
ΪΣ
µҶССľһҪ֪֮󣬰˴ƿ߱ҪֽħŶѰħƿߵĻ塣
ڰ˴ƿԼԼУһֱΪֻҪõ壬ôԳΪµĻƿߣҶһţƿ߾ԲƭԼ
һܻ˵Ļҿȷĸ㣬ֻƿߣ֮⣬Ҳӵеλƿߡ
λܲȵȵȣ˭Ըң⵽ô£
һֱûһ˵ʺȻ˵ΪͷβҶ˶һ㣬ʾһ
ȵһὫһ㣬һ仰Ҫ˵
ҶĻƢԻᱩߣȴԹԵվһߣͺСһȻǿߣǰĺʲôͷʵƿߣһǻƿߣ½޵еĴڡ
ƿ֮Ĳ࣬ͺñһСһ󺺣ֻҪԸ⣬ʱС֮Ĳࡣ
ҿԴӦһԸ˵ûκѴֻ벻ͨǣƾʲôţҪֻ֪һССֻһֻϰˡ
㿴˵˵֮ҶȡеĲ񽣣񽣣ɫ˲䣬˵ôл
ʣҶ㱻ˣڶ֪˭ģϾ˸ԼеĲƿ
ܸܲҽĻ֡
ԣΪм߼ͻһӵֱǬ񽣣ʯѪ񵶺ͻͼ
Ǭ񽣣ʯѪ񵶺ͻͼҶѾõֻѪͼ
еĵòҲ֪һ֮һѪ񵶣֮УҶֻʣ»ͼûмˡ
Ҷ쵹ǺڴΪǬʯĵռ䣬еĲ񽣸
ѪҶûлõˣϾƿߵǶ֮еĻͼҶ쵹Ǳһ˿룬Ͼһ˾͵õеĴҶ춼Ѫȡ


867 ڲ֮
˵ĻҶֱӿʵֶԸΣ
ҶʵѲͷϾƿ߶û˿øУҪҪƿ߶Կ˵Ҷѳˡ
ҶҲһˣֻҪ˸˵ԸԼֶԸôһԥĳֻɱƿߡ
㵽ʱԼ޷õΪµĻƿߣôɱƿߣպҲһвֶΪ
ͷϵϢ˲ʧĮ˵ԣи
ģаһҶԼֶԸƿ˵һ޺һ飬ƿ߾ȻԼҲ̫޳ˡ
ҶҲûж˵ʲôϾƿ߿պһҪԼ󣬵˵ͷ˵ʲô˵ɡ
ҵ֮⣬κ˵𡣡
û⣬иطʱȥ
һ㣬˵ûκεķԣһգ۵ʱ䣬˱Ѿʧԭأһһ㶵ģȵʵأ
ôȣҲɡ˵֮Ҷ˵Ӱȫʧԭأֱӽ뵽˵ռڡ
Ϊȷ˲үүͼҶڵռļ֮صһҶкúԼүү֮Ҷ첢ûдҶԣúö
һռ䣬ʻǺˣɫǴ䣬ΪڵռڣǷԼϢЩӿ
Ҷ죬⵽ô£Ǵˣʳױˣʵ벻ͨΪʲôҶһգ۾ͽǴһİ硣
ҵĿռ䣬ұףƿҵͬҪԼԵʱǶԸи취Ǿǽƿ߿ҵĵռ䣬Ǹʱ򣬾ƿͨҲ뿪
ҶĻƿ߳ɵˣΪû˿Ļո̤ռĵһƿ߾Ѿ֪˵һû
һ̣ƿףǰΪʲôܹԸˣҲѹʵȻݶԸһСС
Ҫ˵ԼƿҲΪ˱סԼĵλԼҲҶ֣Ǻԥĳ֣һᡣ
ˣ뿪ˣʺһָʵ⣬֮ұԻָԭʵʱͿԳֶԸˡ
ָʵʱ䣬ҶʵһҪ֪ƿʵֻǸոմﵽ֮мƿֹʮǧ
ҶԭΪƿҪ׻ָʵҪϵʱ䣬ʵû뵽ƿ߽Լĵռ䣬Ȼʱˡ
Ҷ죬ܲܺһ¡
ЩɻĿߵʣҶ첻֪ʲôԼʣ֪ΪʲôҶһֱЩøС
ҲһˣҲ𣿡
ʵĻҶһʱѾʻе˼Ҫڵռǲܣ׼ڵռڼ˯
ǸҶҲû˿İ취γѾܸˣҲֹڵռ˯
ĵ˵ͷҶҲûж˵ʲôֱӽ뵽֮أҶ뿪˵ռ䡣
֮ƿߵ飬Ҷεҡҡͷչ˳ô֮ƿ߻ָʵǾͿֶԸˣʱŰٷ֮ʮŵİտԳɹɱƿߡ
ƿߵİҶһţȻ֪ƿ߶˵ҲȫţѾû˿İ취ϾҪ׻ɱƿߵ
ҶʵѾ˸ע⣬ǵʱƿ߶սܹս뵽Լĵռڣôʲô鶼ðˡ
ֻҪܹƿȫ뵽Լĵռ䣬ôҶžģԼռԻɱƿߣƿǻΣϾռǵһ½磬ڵռڣס
¶һ˿΢ЦôԼӵŵռ䣬ôͻڲ֮أҶžģƿҲƵĵռ䡣
ûмɽ壬Ҷ쳯ĺǶȥѾĺǵĵַҶһ£ٶȣûʵۣ֮ڣԿԸеĺҵʡ


868 ϵɽ»
һ·֮ϣҶû˿ЪϢȫ·죬߲ݣڵ峿Ҷڸϵĺǡ
Ҷ쿴νĺǣ˳ױˣΪ˵ĺǣȻһͨʯֱӸס˵ߡ
ѹ˶˵ĺľͷԭˣǺЦ
εҡҡͷҶκζһɿֲϢֱһգ۵ʱ䣬ѹѾӵһֲֿĵز
ǺˣΪʲôĺǣ
ؼȻһϵһ˲䣬ҶѾµ˵˵ݣѰĿ꣬һλʣʵʤʵĲʡ
Ҷû˵ֱӽʴӵռڵ˳ʸոճ֣ؼȻһһֿ˲ǰ
룬ôˣ
Ŵϵı飬ʶʣҶܹԸܵ󺺿ʵжôУƺһѻҪʳڻһ㡣
ֻǿһ۲ʵҶѾϲʣôһͺðĶˡ
ĺ£ҽȥ𣿡
ŶȻǸϿɡ󺺶̬ȺܺãɶҶȴϻʨӣ˲ת䣬Ŀǰʵʲôˣ
ҵһѣ㣬㵽òȥþˡոջɫʣһգ۵ʱͺ˸Ƶģ˸ﶼˡ
ʵĻҶ쳹Ｋˣǿʵӣ˵Ҷˣʱӵģֻһ·֮ϣʶʵ̫ˣҶѾʵıĿ
ǴʵĻȴģЦôˣ㻹ӣƢһ㶼ûģûޣɡ
˵֮ҲʹУǰͨʯȻһʯţ˿ٽʯţʯٴʧ
ʯ֮ڣռж죬ҶĽѣΪĺǾͺһԴһ㣬һλðĸо
ĺǣﻨ㣬ƣҶ࿴һߵĲʣʵû뵽һ޾Ȼס˼ɾһ̣Ҷ뵽պԼܹżҲǸ⡣
һͤʯϣЩֺõ˵ãǰȥһ֮أʱ㻹ڳ˯Ҿû˼㣬û뵽ˡ
ǣҲϻҪ飬ֻ𲻴Ӧˡ
˵ɣֻҪ˵飬һæϵɽ»𺣣Ҫԡ
ʵĻҶжʱһϲȻϲʣҿӣϲʲһ㣬ƺѾϲѵľ硣
ֱҶﻹңԼҵʶǲʣҲʣôҶԿ϶Լܹȡʵİæ㡣
ȫĲһˣҶҲû뵽ʾȻϲʣһ·֮ϣһڷ綼û͸¶
ʵĻȻûʲôˣĸŮϲϲԼϲԼĻһʡ
Ҫ֪Ҫﵽ֮ǧѣһΪ½ϣǲֻʡ
ǣ˵
Ȼӡ
ãҪΪһԸƿߣΣ
ʵĻո£ֱһƨڵϣϳŵʵãղ˵ʲô˵һ飿
ƿѾƿҪϾɱֻҪвˣŹһҶǿߣһŹǣŵȷˣһԸƿߣ˵һ
ãǲˣƿߺö˶˵ΪʲôҪԸǣȻǶǿߣɶ˵ǶһЩϰˣϣƿ߻ֶԸ𣿡
ոջĵҪΪϵɽ»𺣵ĲʣʲôȻԼһԸƿߣûн
Ҫ֪ƿʲôˣƿ֮һ½ףƿ½ϵһ鶼ϣЩΪνǿߣƿͬһȺϰˣҪ˵ǾЩǿֻͨǿһЩһȺȽǿ϶ѡ


869 и
ոʵĻʵɫ˲ת䣬Ƿ̵˵ĳЩ˸ոջ˵ҪΪϵɽ»𺣣ڵãĳЩŵĲӣߡ
ʵɫҲʱˣһʲôӣԼİǰΪҪ
ǲܹ˵ʲôϾԷһλƿߣԼҪʣǾϾ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ãҪ㣬ӦñҸǵʵƿߵĶ֣µʱǻûг֣Ѿˡ
ߣͲôϻҶ죬ھ뿪ĳ˲Ըⲻǣȥ취
Ҷ챾˵ȰȰɻû˵ڣͿһʹɫʱ⣬иеһЦûͦЦġ
Ϊĳ˴ӦҵæҾͿǼ޸أĳ˲Ը⣬ֻȥұˡ
ʵĻʾͺ񱻵һ㣬ס뿪ʣ϶Ц˵ãղ˵ĿģҰ㣬ͼ޸ң
ֻҪܹ޸ԼҪ˵ԸƿߣͬʱԸƿ߶ԣ͸ˡ
Դӵһʶʿʼʾİλãʹ취ʼûܹԼеԸ
ǲʻǲģҷ¶ģⱲӲ׷þĲݣںò״ôһǧѷĻᣬ׷
¶һ˿࣬ȴһʹ飬˵ôģĳ˲ԸⰡĳ˸ղĵķģһתȴˣĸи
˵ոֻһȣҸո˵ʲôˣôһ䶼ǲˣѾˣܶԷǲƿߣҶæΣ
ʵĻҶ컹ʣжʱһϲĿľΪܹȡʵİȻտʼʲԸ⣬ڲʲô˵ѾӦˡ
ľˣ
صĵ˵ͷһֺ֮ɫ˵ҼȻӦãôҾһʳԣһ£ƾʲôƿ߶ʲô˼Ҷ
ȻѾӦˣɲﻹЩǣϾԷһʵƿߣʵǿ
㲻ҪֿҴȥط
ҶĻʲû˵ʲôϾҶģʼȻѡʣôͲỳҶ졣
һգ۵ʱ䣬ȫ˲ʧԭأ˵ռڣһռ䣬ʳɵˡ
Ҷ콫Լ뷨ȫ˲ʣǵõƿߵİ˲ʡ
ûϵҶԲὫƿߵȴһˣϲʣֻҪʲģôҶţʾͲԼ
ҶĻʵ˫۵ɵıţ۶ҪϺüһŵӣϾ¹ˡ
Ҫ֪ƿʲôˣƿ֮һʵ֮ǿԿԱƿߣֻƿѾʧþãҲû뵽ǰȻƿ߶ȡˡ
ĵĲʣһ֮󣬲֪ΪʲôкȻıǣ޲ھȥ
ȻһʣƿʼնһϣԼܹɱһƿߣֻҪﶼúˬ
Ҷ죬һ䣬֮Ըƿߣмգ
ʵ⣬Ҷ춼ҪˣΪʲôֻҪһʰæͻмգѵԼа˲ľа˲ǿҪˡ
ҶȻ˵˲㣬֮ƿߵʵܹ׻ָôֻɱƿӵа˲ա
֮ǰҶһնûУȫһˣΪƿߣһλʵȵĳǿߡ
ҶϿȷƿߵȷˣһǺصƣֻҪƿ߻ָʵôҪɱһܵ顣
˲㣬ʳЦˣЦ֮гһɵ֮ɫ֮ǰĵǣôھǳģһҪɱĳ嶯
ֻҪһϵı飬ҶѾ˸߰˰ˣٴһոջŵĲţӵĲʣһգ۵ʱȻ˸Ƶġ
ȻѾӦǣʵס


870 
ʲûκηԣڶҶֳġ
Ͼһƿ֧֣ٶൣǣһҲȫͨͨѹȥΪֻҪܹɱһƿߣӴ֮ʷǧ
ʸ֮УҶѾȡеһʣ֮ʵΪǿʡ
µʣֱʣʣʣʣٱʣǧʣѾ㶨ʺͲʣֻʣʡ
ͨʣҶѾȷ˽Լȥ˭ΪʺͲʣʣµ֮УȴֻʶʣֱǹʺͰٱʡ
ʵ˵Ĵ֮еĹʹϵܺãٱʵĹϵҲʾͲʶˡ
ˣҶҲǾϲѣʺͲʶʺͰٱʣôҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ֻҪʾͿȫûʵİҶԼ뵽ʵļ롣
Ҷһ˳Źʵסȥһ㣬ȻȻ˵ռ䣬˵ʲôҲ뿪
ʵﶼΪʲôҪڵռڣҶ첢ûκεķԣҲûС
βܹӦһԸƿߣҶе⣬ʶЩеȣҺܱж
ʶ꣬᲻֪һ׷ԼֻԼһֱûиоˡ
ɸǿģΣʴӦǵҪʹҲʼܲʣȻûдﵽܹȵĽ׶ΣҲòʸе־ϲ
·ϣҶеģ͵͵뵤ռ俴һʣڸ󱳣ȴһܵӣûһ˿Ը⣬෴ȫһ֪ӣƺ궼Թԡ
еһУҶĽԴ£⿪оȫıˡ
ʱţ´ҴңգۼѾʮȥˣҲӵһǿߣҪ׼Ըƿߡ
ʱҶԼպҲܹҵһƬԼļӣҲʴ½ϵκ顣
ҶҵԼպ׼ӵĵطĵռ䣬ΪĵռѾȫɳΪһƬ½
ҪǣƬ½ȫ£Ƭ´½ףԼĵռڣƿΣ
ĽʵͬʱҶһУȵʣµĴʣǾŰ˴ƿһħŶ
ȻõҲ޷ΪµĻƿߣҶҲȥħƿĻᣬʱħƿֻҪôһ
һ·֮ϣҶȫ·֮⣬ʣµıڵռʱ֮˺ɫСİҶƺʱҲӿࡣ
ʱ䣬Ҷɵһ˶֮ҲʿĿɿڴһĽҶٶȡ
Ȼռڣǿռ֮ʱ֮쳣ĳ㣬Ļôƾ赤ռڵĿռ֮Լʱ֮ʱͻ֮ȫпܵġ
ȴˣΪ˿ռ֮Լʱ֮ռ籾Դ֮ôȫƾ赤ռ佫Ϊ۷֮
Ҫֻ֪ҪΪͻ۷壬ԸռѰһ֮ɾµİ˴ƿߡ
ͨʵĽߣҶҲ˰˴ƿߵ飬ԭ˴ƿ֮УУߴƿȫյĻ֮ͺƿѾԼھѵĸ
˴ƿ֮Уֻоƿ߲ˣղʵ˵ƿȫƾŬƿ֮
ʲô
ƿ߾ͺһյָ·ƣڶǿߴһ˿⣬ƿ߸ǿߣԼʵҲͬԳɾƿ֮
ƿƺųƿߣȻû˵ʲôţߴƿҪɱƿߡ
Ҳʹð˴ƿ֮һ˿ңʵĻҶжʱһ뷨ǾܲܽƿҲȡҪ֪ƿΪ˴ƿ֮һʵ֮ǿԿ֪Ǿƿλƿ߸ϡ


871 Ц
֪˾ƿƿ֮ĹϵҶЩϲô˵ⶼһǧѷĻᡣ
ΪһͻƵ֮Ҷ׼һͻ뿪ռ䣬ȥѰʣµʡ
ڵռڣҶ첢ûлرʣ˵ϯضʼҲʹʶҶ˲١
Ҫܹӵ˺õ˵ѳɾ֮λˣҲòôĿ࣬Ҷ񣬵˱ˡ
ĵ˵ͷʲûзԲ˵Ϊ˵ûҶȷͨ
һ磬һƬ´½ʲô֪ƿҲ
ҶʵݣһֱɣϾҶǵľϲʵ̫ˣľϲʵ̫ˡ
ܹܵҶ촴½жôǿƿ߽뵤ռ䣬ҪҶͳΡ
ҪƿĸԸĽ뵤ռ̸ףϾƿ߲ɵϣԼ߽ռ䡣
ʵĻҲһأΪʵĻȫûдϾƿ߲ɵӣֱӽ뵤ռ䱻Ű
Ǹô죿Ͼһƿߵð취Ҫ֪ƾƿҸģϾһ֮ѡ
֪ƿߣѡйһʱƿߣʱƿ߳Ըô죿
˻ʵɫˣҪ֪ƿߵʵȫƿߣƿߵʱȫָʵҪƿ߸ӿֲ
ҵиð취֪вУ
˵µġа취ɫʱһϲǵƿߣһƿ߶ǳ֣ʱ˭ƿߵĶ֡
¶һɺɫ˵Ҷ˵ƿ߾ĵռڣƿߵΪֻǸոմﵽ֮պ鷳ƿ߶ǲھͻɱƿߡ
ҶܴӦ𣿿Ҫ֪ƿΨһԼƿߵˣڻɱƿߣʱôԸƿߣ
˵Ҳûƿֻ񾳽磬ҶĵռڣһԼһҪɱƿߣȫһ׾ٵ顣
ȴ֪Լһڻɱƿߣôʱ˭Ըƿߡ
òûɱƿߣҲò⣬Ϊﶼƿ߳׻ָʵ뿪ռ֮ôҪɱƿ߾ûôˡ
ǵ׸ô죿
ʻǲʣﶼҶܻɱƿߣΪҶҪɱôʱҲͲƿ߽뵤ռ䡣
˭Ҳû˵ֻǾĿŲԶҶ죬ʲô飬ǶҪȵҶѹ˵
Ȼǿߣɲ֪ΪʲôڶҶհƺһжҶģϾζԸƿߣȫҶ췢ġ
Ҷϵǣ˶ԸƿߣЦˣٽһӶδظҡ
֮УʲԾѾҶ쵱ͷˣҶʵҲû˿ĻɣΪۼ֤Ҷһ𵽶ٶȡ
꣬ʴûмٶ֮ˣ÷ݣʺɣֻҪǰ㹻ʱ䣬ԿԳΪ֮ϵľǿߡ
ͬҶƾŵռȫЦˣֻҪҶԸ⣬һڵռ䶼һѵ顣
Ҫ֪ĵռ½ֻҪ½ϵĽתƵռڣȻתһЩ˿ڣôҶĵռȫһ½
ΪҶ֮ҪԸƿߣȫΪԼ飬ȫѡ˳Ĭûжһ䡣
⻹㣬ʸе˼ǣҶĵռ䣬˿Գһ½֮⣬ǿѳǵ
ʺɣҶƾ赤ռɱƿߣֻҪƿ߲ģôؽ⵽ٲĽ
Žߵĺ°׷꣬һ̣ܸоЩİҸһبŲĸоƺѾ꣬һģĸо΢΢һ̾ʸҡҡͷ


872 ƿ
ģ֪֮УҶڵռѾҹΪҲӶ֮ٴͻƣﵽ֮
ǰ󲻵ʱ䣬Ҷһһ֮𣬿һһ㶵ģƺЩš
Ͼûһ߿֮죬ʱ䣬ȼٶȼֱԳ֮Ϊ
Ҷ죬㵽׻ǲˣ
ʵʻҶʲôԼǲˣԼȻˣʲôѲɺһ޲ɣ
ʣǲǲˣ
ûвʱ䣬Ӷֱٶȣ¾޶ܴﵽҶ죬֪Ҵӳֱ۷ֱ˶೤ʱһ꣬ȥֻʱ䣬˵ɣ㻹𣿡
ʱ䣿ʱ䣬ҶҲʵһҲȻˣϾŵռ䣬ٶȾٿҲܹ͡
Ȳ˵ҵΪҲҪľǳ籾Դ֮ɾ֮λ
ҶĻʶʱֽһһһĿҶ죬ʵҶ죬㵽ǲˣոͻ֮ھȻҪͻ֮λЩԿ
ˣα˵ԼˣƢٺõҲܲס˴Ҷɫ΢Щת䣬˵ܲ˵¡
ɫˣʱʺݺݵĵһۣ˵Ҷ죬̸£֮ʣҲѾˡ
Ŷʲô
⵹Ҷеһ˿ȣʽոǶ˵һȫҶ죬ǵĵҲûκȫ˵˳
ʵĻҶɫҲʼʵҶҲϾƿƿһһ֮ѡ
ʱĻɱôҶȫţƿһͷԸǣϾ˭Ҳ磬Լպ鷳
Ժ˵һҵĴ˵
ҶҲò⣬ϾûƿߵİҪ׻ɱʵЩѣȻռԻɱҲɵϣܹԹ߽ռԼɱġ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôϾҶհҶ˵ʲôʲôȻʱɱƿߣҲû˿취
뿪ռ䣬ҶûټȥֱӳԶȥΪﵽֻҪҵʣµĴʣôѡ
ôǱȵ˭ȭͷֻҪӵ㹻ʵôҪ˵ƿߣǺƿΣ
ȵʵסҶ̤ȵһоһ˿˿ĸоֱĵףʵƺҲЩֿס
Ҷ컹ɱϢ֮иܵһ˿֮֮Ҷɫ䣬Ϊֻƿ߲ſӵл֮
Ϊǿ֮һҶǲӵл֮ģѵʵΪٴͻƣƿ֮ˣ
д󾪣Լ룬ôҲ֪ǺǻϾƿ߸ͬĸ
˵һʣҶʵȫһսһƿߣȻҶƾ赤ռǿռ˲뿪ɾԲһƿһս
κεĳɣҶֱ̤ȵȻȵһ죬治ˮ滷ɽͨ޷Χסһһ۶ܿȫòССüˡ
СҶݺݵıһЩνǿǣʼֱˣ֮󣬲ǲʻǹʣѡﻨԴס˴š
̤ȵûеҶ룬һ㱡ķֶסҶȥ·֣һ˲䣬ҶѾ֪ʵĵȷȷѾﵽ˳ƿ֮Ҳ˵ӽ֮䲻ǰ˴ƿߣǱ˾Ŵƿߡ
ʣҶǴΪ½ԼŬΪƿֻ֮оƿһ˶ѣϾλƿ߶Ǵߴ
ԼǰĻ֣Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣΪ֪ȵڵĹƿѾ֪ȴԼ뵺ڡ
չƿߵ뷨ֻҪʹ֣½ܹƿ˿ûмˣ֮»ϲ̫ܣǿҲ̫ܣϾյ籾Դ֮ƿյȴǻ֮


873 ƿ
¶һ˿ЦôԼˣܲͺ͹ƿһսɡ
ȡ񽣣ȻҶ첢ҪõƿߵİҲȽȵ˵ƿߵӰôѰ
ڿת񷽣ǰεĻֺݺݵնȥ¡¡һոεĻ˲䱻ơ
ָոձնƣһͷ˲ҶǰЩ˵ʲôˣΪʲôȵ
ͷ󺺣Ҷȫȷ󺺾ҪҵĹʣ׼ȷ˵Ӧǹȳƿߡ
Ҷû˵Ͼʶƿߣӵռҳʣ˵
ɹͷ󺺿ʣûǰ㣬˲֣ɫҲ˼㣬ŭ˵ȻҷҪʬβɡ
Ҷ죬Ͽ뿪
ǰѾֵĹͷ󺺣ʵɫ˲䣬ҶҲ˿ĳɣֱӽ뵤ռ䡣
ռڣҶɫЩɻĿǰʣʵǲ˵Ϊʲôͺ񿴼ɱһ㣿
Ҷ쳹ˣȵʱ˾Ѿ˵ãȵҶʣֱӻͳɣƾʵĹϵʱ֤һȡʵİ
ȵȴǡǡ෴ֻǸ¶ͷʾͺɱһ㣬ԼеռΪܣ˵Ѿɱˡ
Ҫ֪һƿҪɱʣֱһ׾ٵ飬ҶӵŻͬһƿΪС
ҶĻʵɫҲһΣЩ˵ǸոĲĹʣǰ˴ƿ֮һƿߡ
˴ƿ֮Уƿһֱг𣬵Ҫܵÿ죬˵ھûлˡ
ƿߣʵĻҶɫҲˣҲʵû뵽ոĹͷ󺺾Ȼʲôʣǰ˴ƿ֮һƿߡ
Ҷܿʶһص⣬ǹȵʵסΪʲôƿ߻
Ҷ뵽ģҲ뵽ˣɫЩأΪͬʱ뵽һ£Ǿǹʺп׶༪ˡ
Ͼƿھڹȵ˿ɲƿ߻Ե޹ҵʣֲܳȥһ̽
Ҷ죬ڸô죿
Ǽڵռ䣬ҳȥ̽һ¡
ҶĻʶɫһ䣬ȻǺܳҶʵҲͬҶʵͨ죬Ҳһƿ߶Կ
ƺ룬ҶЦЦ˵İɣŵռΪܣƿҲκҲá
˵֮Ҷ뿪ռ䣬ոճ֣һɿֲĻ֮˲佫֣ͷЩȵ˵û뵽Ȼ
ƿߵĻҶƿ߸֪Լӵеռ䣬ΪԼ
ƿߣ
ҶĻͷϲû¶κεľȣһƽ˵ƿߣȻ㻹ûѣҲҪ㣬ɱʣô겻
ɱʣͷ󺺾ȻʶԼһ֪ԼûнѣҲ˵ƿѾ֪Լǽɱʵת֮
жʱһ䣬Լǽɱת飬½֪ҲָΪʲôƿ߻֪Ȼƿ֪ôҲ˵λƿҲ֪Լʵݡ
ƺܹµǰ룬ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц˵ǿߣܹǰ˴ƿһսʣΨнɱһ˶ѣҺ㡣
Լܹƿһս˻ҶССľһûѣʵûдﵽǿߣԶ֮ǰ飬Ҷ֪
ƿߵĻҶû˿ĻɣϾʵ˵ǿҲ壬ΪڵĲ񷽣ƿ߶Ҫɵ֣ϧκδ۶ҪɱҶԼΪܹͻ֮ôƿҲδɲһս
˵ĺܶԣҵȷûѣԶһл޷Ūһ⣬ǲѾˣ
ҶĻͷЦû˿˵µĺܶԣѾɱ˭֪ôһħŶǸ¿Ȼ˲ӣһŭ֮£ͽնɱˡ


874 ʵ
Ȼʵոյ֪ǰĹͷ󺺾ƿߣҶѾ֪ʰٷ֮Ǳˡ
ҶҲûжٱˣȻʶЩô˵ףΪƿߣҲߵһ
ʵҶףԼҪΪʱҲֻû˿İ취ϾԷһʵƿߡ
ɱʣȻûѣɲô˵ʼնһǿߣʽ֪ͨ㣬֮ǰ˴ƿһħŶΣ
ЦһҶ㲻ҪңҲһȥħŶϾħƿߵĻ廹Ǻõġ
ҶѾ뵽һ취ȻõħƿߵĻ廹޷ɾͻƿ֮ŵռ䣬ռں˻ʯ
ҶȫԿ϶ƾ赤ռ䣬һܹħƿߵĻ壬ʱ㲻ܳɾͻƿ֮ҲҪȰ˴ƿߵʵҪǿĶࡣ
ҶѾΣԼҪħŶȻ˴ƿһǰħŶɼȻƿѾôʵ˵ȥ
ҶԼһ̲Ӧƿߣô˴ƿߴӴ֮һŹԼ½֮󣬿պҲû֮ˡ
ûκ֮Ǽ
ӦԼͷ϶ʱһϲƿ˵֮ħǵַ
ͨʶƿ߽ħĵַҶ죬һתƿ˲뿪˹ȵؼ䴫ƿߵתʺͲʣֻҪһħŶҿԿǷŹһ
˵֮ƿߵӰ׵ʧؼ䣬ٴЦһҶص˵ռڣ˵ոƿ˵֮ҲˣΣ
ʻǲʣʵɫЩأϾԷһλʵƿߣֶ˼ҵĶ֣ѲһһҪҶĵռڡ
ƺܹµ룬ҶҲص˵׺ǸͷʲôԹҿƺܳޡ
£ȫ̾һջ˵˵㽲
ԭһǧǰΪ׷ʣʹӦһ£õףԭһҲ汲֮ȴ֪ˡ
ͨʱĲѡѰңһ¹ҵףҲǳһ鷳
ǾѾ˴ƿ֮һƿõһ֮Уƿϲףװòõ
ƿҲûжԲֻ֣ǽˣʶʵİѾزƸոתʼ¹
βʲûбƿץ͵˳㣬֮нƿߵŪˡ
ƿߴλƿһ׷ɱʣٴڼ䣬ʾΣ϶ߴƿߵ׷ɱ
˴ƿ֮Уûжչ׷ɱҲֻоƿһˣƿ߶ǲİƿһ׷ɱʡ
ʵ˵Ҷ˵͵ףͺú͵ףŪ˼ҵĶӣҪ˵ƿߣ»κһ˶ܲˣϾԼӱŪ˻ܹǲŽ֡
һ²ףʵ͵ףΪʲôҪŪ˼ҵĶӣ
һ˵£Ͼ¶һ˿֮ɫε˵Ϊ밡ǰ͵׾뿪ģȴʱƫƫҿһˮײġ
ԭʽй͵֮֮俴һˮײģ֮£ʴˮײģԭˮײһʬ塣
ƿߵĶѾ䣬ƿû֮ˮײģȻƿ߱סԼӵһ
ƿѾ¾㱸ֻƿԼһ֣ߴȻԼĶӣڴ֮ǰˮײһԴ򿪡
ʵ׶ƿ˵һﲻʲôԼĶȽƨǣ˭Ҳû뵽ʵһʱ棬ʧˮײģʹƿߵĶӴӴ䣬κΰ취ȻԺߴƿֶû˿İ취


875 
ΪԼĶӱƿ߳ױŭˣǧʹְ취׷ɱʡ
Ҳǲʺ˸ǧ궼ûбƿɱѹָոƿһʣͺɱƵġ
˵Ҷ챻ʵĺŪú͵׾ˣ˺棬ö˶鷳һƿߵ׷ɱ
Ҷ죬ҿʵ㣬ǲǸͷģŹǣߡ
ʵòʣҶƵģȻƿ˵ֻҪҲһǰħŶͿԼ̣˭š
ԼӱɱҪ˵ԷһʵĳƿߣԷһͨˣҲܾʹ˰ݡ
Ҫ˵ʲѡƿߵĻҶԼţǲѲһӴӴһֱ
ȻʸԼôôԼҪ֤ʵİȫȻˣôֻһ취ʴӴ˺ǡ
и飬ֻҪǲԣǾʵʩ
ʲô취
ҶĻ¶һ˿ɻǴû뵽ԼһԷԸƿߣϾһƿߵʵʵ̫ǿˣǵʵ޷֮⡣
Ȼ׼Ըƿߣ˭Ҳƿ߾սռ䣬˺صƣֱƿߵƶûȫָ
Ҷ˼ƿߵѾص˼㣬ƺ嶼޷뿪죬ǻһ˿ġ
ƿȴȫһȻƿߵʵƿߣɶ˵ƿߵʵ޷֮⡣
ɱֻҪƿ߳׻ɱӴ֮Ҳ˸ǵ鷳Σ
ȻѲµҶ˵ǵҶ˵ʱʻǱһһƿѾѶԸˣּ˸ƿߣֻҪ붼ͷ
ﻹǶԸƿߣôǾҪʣеĳƿߣ㲻ӾƿߣʣµƿҲܹԸ˵ġ
Ҷ죬ܹɹ𣿲ô˵Ѿһˣټƿߣʤ𣿡
Ϊʲôûʤ㣬а취ǵΪƿ֮
տʼʻûзӦȵӦʱĶǰ꣬ƺЩţЩȷʵҶ죬ղ˵ʲô
а취ǵΪƿֻ֮Ҫܹʱ򲻹ƿ߻ƿߣҲ޷ǹκв
ҶĻƿ߶һﶼҪƿ֮жѣȵ컹Ҫ
ܹ˳Լʵƿֻ֮һˣǰ˴ƿ֮һľƿߡ
ʴûԼҲܹһƿ֮ҶĻû˿ĻɣϾܹһ´½ߣѾš
Ҷ죬㣬ֻҪܹ˵Ϊƿ֮ôִܸۣǶᱨ㡣
ĵ˵ͷҶ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ǲȥѰˣ⣬ʣµλʣҪǴӦƿߵҪҪѾɱˡ
ǰ֮Ҷ˴ƿֻ߲ҹһˣʣµʿҲ׶༪٣ȻˣôҲ˷ʱ뾫
׼ѰҰٱʵģҶʱѾѰң̷ط˳ĴʻͣȻԼ˸ѰҺʿ˵ĹŻ֮Ĺ
Ҷ뵽ģ벻ԶҶ첻׼Ѱʵ飬ʲûκεķԡ
Ҷ쿪ʼŷ˳Ƕȥһ·֮ϣҶ첢û֮ʱǰ·ϾڲȥѰʣдѵʱ䡣
ͣͣҶʱʱ½ϵĻ棬ֽȫתƵռڣʵ˼½ϵҲתƽȴҶֹˡ
ҶȻĵռγһ´½ɱϾûһ˿ڣתƽһһôҲǸ취
ҶϾ֮࣬ʵİռ̴ɽˮȫǰеԴǰһУҶ춼Щ겻ѡ
ڵռڣҶһУ׵磬֮Ҷ޷յͨռڣȫ쳣򵥡


876 ༸ְ
ҶΪѾﵽһƿѣΪϲһﵽ֮
Ҷһȴ֮ʣԴڽĹõɫС֮ʼ޷ѣʱҶɣԼǲǽɱת
ռڣһźɫСҶ죬̲סʵҶ죬ΪʲôÿС
ĲʺʣҶû˿Լܽѵ飬һһʮȫʡ
ҶĻҲһεı飬ϾѵҪˣҪæΪ
Ȼʵ㲻ɶҲû˿飬Ͼ˴ûнѹ
Ҷ޷ѣҲɻѣϾɱʵѾҵ¾㱸Ҳ߱ΪʲôʼջС
Ҷ죬ٺú룬ǲʲôˣΪʲôѡ
Ѿȫ뵽ˣʼ벻ΪʲôԽԽƣҶ뿪ռ䣬ŷ˳Ǹȥ
֮Ҷڻص˷˳ǣĴʿʺͲ֮ʱϳ˾ȣʵҶ죬λûбȡ𣿡
ҡҡͷҶ˵Ѿ׶༪٣ֻҵλƿߣѾʽ֪ͨң֮һħŶ
ҶȻƿߣĴɫԶһ䣬ʵӦˣ
֮ǰѾãʱŰ˴ƿһħҶ뺣ǰؽħҶȻӦƿߣǴ˱
ӦˣҲӦӴ֮󣬰˴ƿһ׷ɱңӦǣʱټ¡
˻Ҳûٶ˵ʲôϾҶ춼˵ˣǻ˵ʲôҶ˵Ƿͷжʣµʱ俴ܲҵƿߵת֮
˵ͷƺҶ˼뿪ȵʣʣħ뿪֮󣬲ʵҶ죬Ϊʲôǲһ𡣡
¶һ˿ЦҶһֱѡ߶Ƚ䱸ڲˣȫһ
ǺʻʣҶٷ֮ٵţǶʣħʣˣҶȴǰٷ֮ٵĲš
ҲţҪ뿪һʱ䣬⣬ҳ֮Ƕƿǿˡ
ҶĻƺѾµʲôȴһϲӣƺЩһ㡣
ҲûжʲôΪ֪ʲôʲôȫ뵤ռ䣬Ҷǰպ˵ѾôʵΪȫƿ֮˵
ҶȻӵл֮ôֻҪ򿪹֮ţõ֮ôʱпƿ֮
·û˿ͣҶֱӽ⵺úʸı̺飬ֱӽ֮У⵺Ҷ첢ûпϾ̺Ͼ̺ѾʶԼһ걨ˡ
˺ʵı̺飬ҶӺˮĳһ·ֱ壬Ҳ֪˶ãһưĹŽԼ֮С
ŽĹҶ֮еҲǾ̾ѣǺΪػһֱǺ֮з֮л˭ֻ֪⵺֮Уӻһ
ոǰһɻ֮˲纣˵ĵȷȷӵŻֻ֮Ҷ컹֪
һʮλƿߣƿߣƿߣ˴ƿߣֻƿߺƿ߲֪䡣
ƿ߷ֱħƿ׷ƿߣֻƿߺƿҶ춼Ѿƿھĵռڡ
Ҷ˸󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ǿǰ᲻ƿ߻ƿ֮
Ĵתתѹֺ˵ҲڴԭûڴҶתһȦҲ֪ڴʲôط
ɫν⵺ʣΪľܹƿţڵʲô˵л֮ôڵҶ˵ֱ̫ҪˣԼܹƿ֮⣬ʣµλҲԾﵽʱ򲻹ǶԸƿ߻ǶԸ˴ƿߣҲ˼ְա


877 ׷ƿ
ҿϿ¿ңʼҲ빬İ취
Ҷӵռڽ˳Ͼ˶󣬶һ˾Ƕһ˵˵Ѱҵڡ
ҶûкƿߣҶɲƿ֪飬ҶڻûгԼ׸òƿߡ
ϾƿĵռڣʱƿߵֻҪƿ뿪ռ䣬ô˺õĻϼˡ
ʵҶﻹǺܼɵƿߵģϾƿ߶һ֮ѣһʱƿ߶ǳָΡ
ո뿪ռ䣬ʺȫɫ䣬ֻкɫɣϾĹҶġ
ϢȻлϢ
ŽߵĹŴӹɢĻϢЩţϾ½֮ϣֻƿ߲ſӵл֮֮⣬ǿҲӵл֮Ǵ½֪һ⡣
⣬ҶҲ֪Ȼ˸²⣬ûн빬֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪֮еô¡
͸¶һ˿أǴҶҪСģ֪ΪʲôǸоλ
ʵҶѾ뵽˭ֻһʱ֮仹ȷѣλôǺǻ˭Ҳ֪
Ҷʰڣȫ¶һ˿ɻ󣬱Ͼɢһ˿ֻ֮ҪɵӶܹµһЩ
ʶûʣ˿ʼһѰҽ빬İ취˷ֿѰңÿһҵϸϸʣƺŶҪһ򱶡
ʱ֮¾ۼһһɫأȫҡͷѰ˰ʱĴǿ߾ȻڶҲҪ˵ȥ»ᱻЦ
Ҷ죬ԣǷܹƿš
ĵ˵ͷڲʵĽ飬Ҷ컹ѡ˽ܣϾĴǿһѰҶû˿ĽֻǷܹƿ
ҶͬԼĽ飬ɫһϲ˿ƿȡǰǰĹһ
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Ҷ콫Լֻƿߣй׷ƿߵһȫʣҶֻƿԼ֮ԼҶҲû˿ı
ҶĻ﷭ˣǵ֪ֻƿߣ˴ƿߣû˵ֻƿߺ׷ƿߡ
֪ǰĹ˭ϾɢϢһ˿ϢϢ֮л׵֮
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Ȼ϶һ˿ɻ󣬿˭ҲûлҶ죬ϾûҶ죬˸ܴ򿪹ʶС
Ӻȡһ鱴ǣֱӳŹ˽ȥɾǱǸոս빬ĵһ˲䣬ֱӱһεϢֱɱɷ顣
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879 ߺһ
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صռ䣬Ҷ֧ʺͲʣϿκεֻǵĮĿǰĺʣһ仰˵
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תͷҶ죬˵˵ûȷ׷ƿҲ׷ƿߵת֮Ҫ׻ָʵҵҵĻ塣
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880 ǲܴ̼
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881 ˲翿
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ҶȴûмŸħͣͣЪЪЪЪͣͣˣҶͺʻڵʮʱϵħ
˴ƿħʮʱ䣬ҶȻϵħȴûֱӽħ˭֪ħûΣա
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ĵ˵ͷںʵĻҶͬУħħΪħĿɽʦħƿ߹Ȼħ
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ҡҡͷһ뵽Լõ֮Уû˿ҪϢʾ͸е֮ʣΪܹõһЩϢħ֮С
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ܣҶҲ֪ħƿߵôˣһҶȷţֿܵһ֣ħƿߵĻȻħ֮ϡ
ֻҪʱԼõħƿߵĻ壬ôħƿתΣûл壬ħƿյʵֻܻظƿ߾硣
ʯںϵĵռ䣬ҶʮİգֻҪõħƿߵĻ壬㲻ںϻ壬Ҳܹջ塣
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Լ룬Ҷ첢ûʵߺʣȻҶ㺣վߣ˭Ҳұ֤պ󲻻ģϾĶǻġ
Ҷ죬˴ƿħʮʱ䣬ѵǾһֱȥ
ҡҡͷԲҶһֱã˵ǵȻʮ죬Ҫʮʱꡢѣֻлظ֮Ҳиİա
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źֱʧԭأҶѾôʮԼһҪɫСѣԼΪ֮
νħȫǿߣ˴ƿߣȻʵʵѾԱƿǿߣɲô˵ʶһаˣο˲翿
뵤ռڣҶ콫ԼĴʺͲʣľʶ¹ҪϾҲͬϣֻʵ


882 Ȼ
ҶѾβζҪͨɫСѣʹԼΪ֮
ڵռڣܾĵģҶһ˿ʼΪѾﵽֻ֮ҪܹѣôΪͻ
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Ҷ֪λʣʣʺͶħʶλʣλʡ
ڵɱʺ۷壬֮ԼΪܹ־磬ҶԼ֪
ɫСҶǰİ֮УɫСϲɢһ˿Ľ⣬ɫСɢĽǲ񷽣⡣
һһҹɣҶʹְ취ʼ޷⿪ССúɫСڵĲ񷽣⣬Ҳ޷ѡ
˫ۣǰССҶ֮ʣһֱ벻ͨȻԼǽɱתΪʲôһֱתɹ
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һ·֮ϣҶ룬յĽΪԼǽɱʵת֮ԭֻһǾƿߺֻƿߡ
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ǽ񺣣ͬˣ˵ûһϵǿߣ½֪һôЧ


883 ֻصı
û˿ĳɣҶո̤Ͻ񵺣ֱӳŽĹȥ
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񺣶ԼִεҡҡͷЩʱǿЦԼִµĽ񺣣ھȻҲ굽׷ںδ
ȻȻ̤뽣Ĺոս뽣Ĺһ̣ҶɫȫˣΪȸܵĲǽֻ֮
ӵǿֻֻ֮˵˵ʵѾǿ˺ֵز½֮ϣһ֮⣬ҶҲ벻׻˭ܹӵ˿ֲֻ֮
ֻƿߣҶ뵽ľѾ뿪½ռֻƿߣϾֻ֮ƿյֻ֮
Ҷʵ벻ͨڽĹڣֻƿѾ̸ãպֻ֣ƿ뿪½ȥռѣΪʲôֻƿ»ˡ
֪ΪʲôһֲõԤȻһǿѹеķ꣬Ҷ쳯ֻܼ֮ĵطȥ
ʵҶԸֻƿȥô˵ֶһˣһǿĵˣһԱƿߵĵˡ
һƿѾҶЩܲˣۼ˺ܶǿߣǿЩ˵ƿ߶Կ
ټһпָܻʵֻƿߣôҶѾȷǾǾԶ㵽Լĵռ䣬˵ʲôҲˡ
Ĺû˿Ľȫһ˿˿ֲֻֻ֮ƿҪյľֻֻ֮֮Դֻ֮ͨ
ҶȻԼĲ񷽣֮Ҳֻֻ֮ƿյֻ֮ȽС׼ףΪǡ
ͺñһոճӤȻһǰˣ󵶣˼ŰģԴҶ첻ֻƿΪС
Ĺֻܼ֮ĵطȻǵССأһ㣬ҶҲʵЩȣɵҶе˴ʱȴֿһˣӰӶûС
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ſտҲĿռ䣬ҶȴʼֲõԤУƺֻƿ߾Լߣֻ֮ܵһС
ȻûҵֻƿߵټҶϿ԰ٷ֮ٵȷֻƿһԼߣ˫۶Լ
ȻҶ첻ֻ֪ƿΪʲôҶڿԿ϶Լ֮һֱ޷򿪺ɫСѣֻƿŹ
ɫһ䣬ҶӰ˲ʧ֮ĿյϣŻֶԼӣҶȻˡ
͵ϮҶĲǱˣȥֻƿߣֻƿ߸еһ˿ȵǣҶζһ
Ҫ֪ĽĹѾû˿ȫֻ֮Ϊֻƿߣƹֻأֻ֮лɱһ˸öԸ֡
ʵֻƿ߸֪Ҷڱӵֻ֮Ȼյֻ֮ȣҶƾڵֻ֮ȫԲֻƿߵļ
û뵽һССȻܹҵľɱѹҪɱңҲòһ㡣
Ϊʲô
Ҷ첢û˵ģֻһΪʲôҶֻ֪࣬ΪҶ췢֣Լƺڱ˵ߣʼûܹ߳һһ뵽Ҷð亹оƺ̫ˡ
˭ڱٿһУһ㣬Ҷǳ֪Ҳ뾡ŪҪ֣߳ôҪŪˣϹ̸
ΪʲôҺһΪǵвȻ֮䲻ϣɱϾǵʵ൱ǲ֮ƿյûܹ˺ǣȴһȻҲ֪Ϊʲôӵкƿߵ֪Ȼӵ˿вǵҾһɱ㡣
ֻƿߵĻҶ쳹ˣ˵ףֻƿ߻ԼڵĲ񷽣ʵֻƿ˵Ҳԣƿ֮սԶöԸ䣬ֻء
ԼȴһԼӵƿյ񷽣ȫƿ߳䣬ֻصĻᶼûС
Ƚ֮£ֻҪɵ϶ѡŹԼһ䣬ҶֻЩֻƿߵС֮ģԼ̸һԸڵãȻԸԼ
ȻˣôԼҲκε֣ȻԼڵʵ޷һƿ߶ԿҶģպһԻɱƿߡ


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һȻĽĹѾٳǽĹҶŰٷ֮ٵģֻƿ߳׻ָʵҲܶô
ŵռΪܣҶѾ൱˲֮Ҫ˵ֻƿ߻ûȫָʵƿܽΣ
ƺֻƿҲԤϵһ㣬Щ˵Ҷ죬ѵĿļˣֵܣȫǰ𣿡
ֻƿߵĻҶɫ˲һ䣬Щ˵﷢ģǸ˺ҵļһëһὫʬΡ
ҶĻֻƿЦЦ֮г˳ģƺڳЦĲ
Ҫֻ֪һСС𣬾ҲһʣӵܹвǵĲ񷽣ΣΪܹͻƿ֮
𣿴Ƿ񶨵ģҪЮֻƿ߲겻ԹԾͷ
ʱĹȻʼֻ֮ʼֿ֮гһžƿ֮һƿߡ
ǰĺ°׷꣬¶һ˿º͵Цݣ˵ɱû뵽ٴμˡ
ԣٴμˣϧ㣬ƤңʶˣΪڸΪе
Ȼңɫһ䣬Ĵƿ֮⣬ûһ˸ҳǰ˴ƿ߶ңȴƫƫһСС裬̣ض̾ջ̡
𣿼Ȼ˵Ǿ͵ˣֻҸеһ˿ɻϻҰǰһֱţȷʵˡ

κγֵĻᣬҶӰ˲ʧٴγ֣Щ˵ҿԸ㣬ʵͨ죬Ҫɱ㻹
׼֮ʣȴһߵֻƿ˵˵ûȻҶ֪㵽кͨʧҶ죬ҲԸһ£ӵв񷽣Ĵ㻹Բðɣҿ㱣֤ļǲᶯֺ
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λһ£֪ҵĻλ᲻򶨡
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ǲ򶨵ľǰ꣬ӵв񷽣Ҷǵжд̣УΪܹ꣬ƿ߲ϧǰӣһԸꡣ
˵ҶƿĿ֮еλжߣҪ֪ƿˮݣΪУ˵Ǳɱ˸ӳޡ
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ƿߺ׷ƿߣֻƿߣɫһ䣬ʵǲѾˡ
ֻƿߣǽʵҶ죬㣬ǷѾ׷ƿߣ˵Сȥɱļˡ
λα˽ţҲ޷ƿߺ׷ƿ߶ల£˶ѾҺһԸ𣿡
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˻Щˣƿߣħƿһɱƿߣ³֮ʹùƽɱƿߣʹƿȫֻأ䲻
˵ȻֻɱλƿߣҲ˸ˣΪǵľĴƿתÿһʱͻѰҡ
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֮ԲɱֻƿȶԸҶ죬ҪΪֻƿûгѣΪǣԲŻЭ
ֻƿʼնһˣ㵽ʱܹɹѣҲֻƿߣλƿҲתɹôͲ֮ǰˡ
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ʵҶ첢Ϊƿߵļɵƿ߿˭½ΪǿĴڣ޵еǧܹ
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ֻƿ׷ƿһֱǸף˵ĸͺһȽᣬֻƿ߱ƿһɱӶֻ֮
׷ƿΪѩޣȻֶƿߣյ³Ҳ˸ֻ֮Ⱥתɹ׷ƿ䲻
ʱΪǲֻƿѾ䣬ҪȻôΪʲôѶǰ˵׷ƿߣ𾪡
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ҵȷ׷ƿߣǻǺѣ㱳ǵԼҲǼ棬ıӦ
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Ա֣ô˵Իɱֻƿߣȴұ죬ΪҶģһ˳ʤ룬ô롣
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Ϊ׷ƿߣһУκ飬ƿΪΣֻҪܹ׷ƿתɹôһжֵõġ


886 ²Ϊ
ֻƿϵ뿪죬ƾһܻɱֻƿ߲Ÿ˵
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ȻƻɱĴƿߣħƿƿ֮ʵһҲʹԶ޷ָơ
ˣȻֻܶ죬ǧǰƻüأò׵ȵɱ죬ϧȴûʵٻɱɱʡ
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Ҫ֪˴ƿѾȴ˺ܾãҪȡ֮˴ƿҲðսħŶҪȡħƿߵĻ塣
ŷĿƿߣҶһЦȻҪֶԸֻҪԼӵ׷ƿߣôֻƿ߻ǹԹԾͷ
ʵҶƿﶼףһ£һ£ֻƿߣѵĿԲ׷ƿ߶һԸҶ𣬴ǲܵġ
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ԶΪΪУŻţԼֻƿԼһֶԸԼؽĹ˵Ѿֻƿ߳ˡ
һ̣Ҷ첻ѡֻƿߣлᣬԥĽƿȫɱһ鷳ΪҶᵽƿߵĻѡй
ֻأҶԼһֶԸϧ׷ϣѡһΣ²Ϊ
ҶĻֻƿжʱһϲϾһֱû׷ƿߵѶںò׷ƿߵϢŹ˴λᣬҪõ׷ƿߵϢֲ֪Ҫȵ¡
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ҶһֱиʣǾԼΪʲô޷꣬ڽĹõĺɫСҶɫСӦò٣ٵľӦֻƿֽš
˵ܹһǡ
ڽĹõĺɫСǷ㶯ֽţ
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Сֻƿ˵Ȼ˵µľҶֻ꣬ҪʸĴڡ
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ȫʢʱڣȻþҶ죬ҶΣֻҪﵽƿ֮ôҶӵв񷽣Ҳʲô
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ƾʲô˵УΪ˭
ݺݵıһֻƿߴӻȡһźɫС˵֮񻹲ܹѣΪɫСǼٵģΪûеõɱʵ꣬еСеĺɫСգѣɾ֮λ
ֻƿѾҲû˿İ취ʧڰ֮УĹֻʣҶֻƿߡ
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ȸң׷ںδƺЩĲҶ죬ֻƿ߲ûɫС򽻸Ҷ죬Ķš
ЦҶ첻úֻƿ߼棬ϾĺʻվԼߵģһ棬һ񾭱ԣôԼⲻֺá
ںò׽ֻƿķĿҶɲٽ֦һеԼΪ֮˵
ֻأҿȷĸ㣬Ҹ㣬ѾһΣóһ⣬Ҳ׷ƿߵġ


887 ѣ۷
ҶĻֻƿϵϢһ䣬ΪֻҪɫС򽻸ǰ֮ˣôպԼɱ
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еĺɫС׸Ҷ죬ֻƿЩе˵Ҽ׷˰ɡ
ҡҡͷˣֻƿ߼׷ƿߣԼܣϾȷֻƿ߸ĺɫСǼ١
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ֻƿߵɫ΢תȻЩ˵Ѿ˺ɫСͺɫСŲʱ䣬ѣ֮һ㣬ϣ㲻ҪƭңĺҶҵ㡣
˵ֻ֮ƿߵӰ˲ʧֻƿߵ뿪Ĺڵֻ֮ȫʧ½Ĺ
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˴ƿڣƿ߱ԼŬƿ֮Ӵ֮⣬Ҳûһ˿ƿߡ
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ԣΪܹﵽ۷֮ҲζҶһǿߣƿ֮µһǿߣֶδҶĶ֡
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¶һ˿ЦݣҶû˿˵Ѿҵͻƿ֮İ취Ҫ۷壬Ҳ˰취
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Ҷ죬Ǹƿ֮
ĿһǰǿߣҶ˵ѭ򽥽˵Ϊûдﵽ۷֮ھͻƿߣ˼𣿡
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˵ͷҶ˵һҪǾΪΪ۷֮Ҽɡ
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889 ѡ
һϵı飬ҶѾһУȻˣϾʻûںϻ壬ûлָ׷ƿߵȫ䡣
ûٶ˵ʲôҶ˲ʧԭأһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҷ˽ĹΪֻƿߵԼ֮󣬵ȵ֮󣬾ʹֻƿһȥ׷ƿߡ
ҶǰһϣҲʼδģҶոյִ｣ĹֻƿߵӰҲѾڽĹ֮ڡ
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Ҫ˵ƿߣǰ˴ƿߣҶȻܹһսҪ׻ɱ˴ƿ߸һܵ顣
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ֻƿѾ׷ƿߣҶţֻҪֻƿ߻еԣ׷ƿе飬һٱԼ
Ȼˣȵǰ̶֮Ѱ׷Ļ塣
Ϊʲô뿪ȥѰңֻƿ߸֪˴ƿһħŶ飬Ȼ׷ת֮ѾҵôӦѰ׷Ļ壬׷׻ָ䡣
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ֻ֮ƿߵɫЩأϾħƿ߿ƿ֮һͬһǿߡ
ҶȻѾ˵ˣֻƿҲ˵ʲôϾĺʻûںϻ壬İһ㡣
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Ϊָ۷壬ҲѾȫָҶѾ֪˺ܶ飬ͨһ򿪣ô˰ͼ֮⣬һƿȫӡſԡ
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ҡȻŵռܣҶȴʵ̫ˣڵռڣһ𾳽硣
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үү㰲ֻҪΪܹ֮λ㱣֤һΪٴͻƣҲﵽ֮
֣ҶƺסˣЩŵĿǰԼӣʴʲôΪֻλʴڣ⵺Ҳֻλ½λ
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һƺҶԻЩ޷ܣоԼô𺳣ҶԲſ˵а취ҵΪܹﵽ֮


891 Ŵ
ͷԼүүҶû˿ԼΪѾ۷֮ҵռڵȫ˵˳
˵֮Ҷ췢ǰүүȻһͺʬһ㣬ǸүүϻϢ˵һҶ춼ҪΪүүˡ
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Ҷ֪ͬԼΪѾ۷壬ռҲż˵ĵռѾ籾Դ֮
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Ҷ죬ƿû˿ͷ˵ûǰѾͻ۷壬ⶼҪлл㣬ռʵڹ죬ƿ߶δ˵ͨ
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һ㣬ҶԴƿ벻ͨҪֻ֪Ҫƿܹѣָ֮ô֮˭ܹ˺
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Ҷֻ֪ҪƿҵԼĻ壬Ժܿ콫ںϣ׻ָʵǻƿ߶顣
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ뵽ƿΪʲôܹӿںϻٶȣһǼӿ֮࣬ԭֻһǾƿָ߲֮йء
Ҫֻ֪ƿ߻׷ƿߣƿѾָ˻ֻ֮ƿ߸ҵԼĻ壬ҲʼںϹ̡
ҶֻƿҪںԼĻ壬Ҫʱ䣬Ȼû˸ǲ֪ΪʲôҶ֪
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ѾŴʲôҶֻֻǾΣɲһ˶ɹˣҪһֻƿ߳嶯ȥƿر˵Ͳٴβֻ֮


892 Ե׵֮
Ҷ챻ƿ߾ŴѶδɹ𺳣ʵΪʲôƿ߾ŴѶûгɹ
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893 
ƿԼƿߣҶǱӣȻֶԸһʣҪԼʵԣ˵ѱߴƿɱ
ڰ˴ƿ֮һľƿߣҶ컹ǺͣȻϰȫƿߣɾƿһֱߴƿΪ顣
ԼѾѣָȫ䣬ڰ˴ƿԼ֮ĶԹҲһ˵ϻ˵ǾħѰħƿߵĻ塣
ҶĻ˴ƿ߲ûκŭϾ˫֮һֱɳޣƿ˵ȻˣǾħɡ
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˴ƿƺħᳵ·תվѾħףʮǰʱһưĹ
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ΪǿĴڣħ֮ǰȴ޷ֵסħħ


894 嵽
һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿħħ˲ɱ˿ķſûУҽжûü
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ð˴ƿ߸еޱƵǣʾȻħĴŶûд򿪣ǰ֮˴ƿ߿ɲǰ
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ʻҶǰЩ˵Ҷ죬֪֮ǰЩᣬɲô˵վͬһϵˣǡ
ʵĻҶеЩȻ֮ǰǴһֱЭ飬һԸƿߣɲô˵ֻڶԸƿߣǰ˴ƿߡ
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Ҫ֪ӵв񷽣ԼȻΪֻǸոմﵽ۷֮ʵȴȫԱƿߣɱһ֮ս˴ƿ߶ܣ˵һС
νħ˴ƿҪΪħƿߵĻ򲻵ѵ£˴ƿǲԼΪеġ
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ƺܹ룬ɫ󼱣Ϊ˴ƿߵɫѾת䣬ʱֶܳԸˡ
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Ѿʧʣ˴ƿߵɫ˲һ䣬ƿɱ˵ɱʣ㵽Ǻ˼
Ҷ˴ƿߣոһ˲䣬ҶѾԼǳ־ʣϾǵͬһǰ˴ƿߡ
бԼȥħΪʲôҪ
ûеȰ˴ƿ˵ʲôҶ˳ȥħǰҶǹ۲һ飬Ȼȡ񽣣ֱӳǰĴŻȥ
ʵҶոѾԹһΣôԼٴοħŸû˿вҶʣԼֿš
¡¡һ죬Ҷ룬ʵĵһ飬βһ׻ħȴš
˴ƿɫȫһϲνħǰҪΪħƿߵĻ壬ɸոħħʵһ
˴ƿ߸û˿ɣոջɱʵħҲֵܵס
ûеҶ˵ʲô˴ƿһͺèವһ˴ƿߵӰȫʧħ⡣
ЦһҶ첢ûκεżֲҶƵĳǰħȥҶո̤ħֻ˴ƿ߲ûнУվſڿħ
ħһֻһʯ񣬸ףʯһӣȻͨʯһһ˿˿ĸо
ħƿߣǰ˴ƿ߻ҶﶼԶʯƿ֮һħƿߡ
ɱʣ㲻Ǻȴ·ɡ
һЦƿߵͷ˵ƿߣҶǴɱлᣬԥĽƿ߻ɱ
ħҶû˿ĵǣս׻Ȼ令壬һһƵĳʯȥ
ʯǰҶ˫ʯ񣬺Ȼֿ磬ֱһץסʯµһСͺɫԲԲɢһ˿˿ħ
ħƿߵĻ塣
ҶеĺɫԲ򣬰˴ƿߵɫȫһ䣬ΪѾ֪ҶеĺɫԲħƿߵĻ塣
ʵҶ춼û뵽ħƿߵĻȻ׾ܹҵû˿ĳɣħƿߵĻֱʧԭأص˵ռ䡣


895 
ҶȻʧڴ֮У˴ƿȫˡ
Ҫ֪ǰǰħΪľܹõħƿߵĻ壬ɾһ̣ۿѾҪֵħƿ߻װʧȥˣܹð˴ƿܵˡ
ôǶҵɱҪħƿߵĻ塣
˴ƿһǳ׼ˣΪﶼħƿߵĻʲô
˴ƿ߲û뿪ħΪǰɱȻʱʧӰһû뿪ħ
˴ƿ߷ֳɰ˸סħһ˫˫۾ĶŸ˴ƿʱʱ̿׼ţ½ɱˡ
ռڣҶ쿴ǰʣ˵պʲô㣿
ʻҶﶼǳ׵˰˴ƿߣʲô⣬ô˴ƿһŹˡ
ɫѿޱȣջ˵Ҷ죬ֻܹˣ㲻ҪƽϵǵĹ
ܹ˴ƿ߶Կģƿ֮⣬ֻҶһ˶ѡ
ƿ֮߳⣬ȫ䲻ʣһǲҶҲְǣôʼֱǽ첻顣
ҰǶԸ˴ƿߣΪô𣿡
Уһ֮սߴƿߣսƽ֣ϳ֮⣬˿԰ǡ
һ̵ʣʲôڣǿߣҡβĹ͹ϾҲˣ˾ͬ⣬ʵʱʱ˸
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôΪڸ˲ʵ飬ħһУҲʵû뵽˳ոսħ͵õħƿߵĻ塣
뿪ռ䣬ҶҲ֪İ˴ƿ߸û뿪ħûеõ֮ǰҶŰ˴ƿһ뿪ħϾħƿߵĻʵ̫ˡ
ǰҶָԼеĻʵ죬Ȼ㻹ûлظʵӦÿ֪еŻ嵽Ǽٰɣ
Ҷ֪ȻĺֻǸոջظ֮ɲô˵ʶ׷ƿߵת֮ôȻˣһ֪ԼħõĻǼ١
׾͵õħƿߵĻ壬ҶʼնЩ̫ģϾ̫˵㡣
ǰеĺɫ壬ɫ˲䣬õħƿߵĻ壿
ͷںʣҶû˿Լ˴ƿһħεõĻȫ˵˳
˵꣬һĽ˵ȷħƿߵĻ壬ûдħƿܹѣӴ֮Ҳָƿ֮ˣԻָƿߡ
ƿ֮ҪȳƿʵǿҪΪƿ߱ӵŻ壬ûл壬ƿ˴ƿʵ޲ࡣ
ҶѾõħƿߵĻ壬ҲζţħƿѾѣֻҪһյò壬ôһվ޷ɾͻƿ֮
õʵȷϣҶҲе˷ܣȻ֪ԼħƿߵĻ壬Ҳܳɾͻƿߣʵȴٴ˵Ϳֱƿߡ
ҶѾԼħõĻ岻κˣ뾡콫Ϊȥʱǰ˴ƿֶδĶ֡
뿪ռ䣬ҶӰʱħŰ˴ƿ˵ǰ˲ˣȵõĻ壬ԻӦùС
ҶžԵţʵ޷˴ƿֶԵУɾ˫ĶսҶҲԲܡ
Ҫ֪ڵĲ񷽣Ҫ˵Ը˴ƿߣƿ߶Ǽɵ֡
֣˴ƿһ㶣ÿȫ¶һ˿ϲƿЩв˵ɱʣȰûǽħƿߵĻ壬ʵͨ죬Ҳӳǰ˵֡
ƿߡ
Ҳûã㲻壬˭Ҳﲻ㡣
ʱе㻳ɣѾǲһԲлǸӽˮˣôô˳ۣν˼һӣһӣ˷ѿ˷أ϶СȱƣȱѲۣ˾˲Ƿ飬Ƿߡ¿¿ߣȡƹϵģǷģҵģǷĦеģǷߣҸϱ˿ģǷšСݵãûڰ㶪ˡ


896 ˼
ҶһٿֱӰƿߺλƿȫסˡ
ƿ֮⣬˴ƿ߿˵ΪǿĴڣͬǿ֮⣬˭ҳ˴ƿһ䡣
Ȼɱʵǿ˵ףɱʼնһʣƿߣݺʵš
û˾Ȼƿߵ濪˾ƿ־ᶨ˵ѱˡ
ɱʣ㣬ңָǰĺ°׷꣬ƿһţ˵ʼһСͣҲѹ֣˭˵
ݺݱһǰ֮ˣҶ춼ټЩ˱㲻У㲻ܣ
ôˣѵ㲻ԲУûнˮΪƿߣƹ֮û˿򣬷ﶪۣҪ㣬ֱӻؼﶹˡ
ɷҲҪʬΡ
ҶȥƿѾܲˣл֮˲Ҷݺƿ˺ģɱҶĲݡ
ɫһ䣬ҶҲһսأԴʵָһֱҪҸԸȭţʵһ˸Ƕ֡
Ҷһ£ƺҲֻƿܹһսˣƿ߻ƿߣҶ춼֪֮ʵ֡
ɰ˴ƿȴȫһӵŲ񷽣ӵŻ񽣣Ҷ޾ƿߡ
ƾնһ񽣣ǻ񽣣ڵĲ񷽣û˿ӿв񽣣һȫӳݺƿߵл֮ϡ
һ죬ƿÿȥҲ죬оһɿֲĽֱڣд֮£ƿĻҼ֣æڵϿʼڵĽ
һˣƿ֮⣬λƿȫɫһ䣬ЩŵĿǰ°׷꣬ʵ벻ͨΪʵȻһһƿߡ
Ҫ֪ɱȻʵǿҲû˵һһƿߵĵزܹһƿߴƽ֡
أֻһѾ˿ֲһһƿߣֻƿ߿԰쵽
ѵɱʵΪѾƿ֮
ߴƿ־ò̫ܣȻոǵõħƿߵĻ壬ɰ˴ƿ߲ɵӣȻ֪ոյõ壬Ҳ֮ںϻ塣
ɱʣ˵õģһħõħƿߵĻƽ֣˻壬Ǻ˼
ǰ֮ߴƿ߾ôҪõ壬ʱҲǿͷһʱиʲô⣬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
Цһߴƿ룬Ҷ᲻֪˵λҪ֪ҴӦһħǿҪûᵽκλ飬ҸոյõĶΪʲôҪƽָǣѵҲһʵԲл
ȻԼˣߴƿܹܵˣʱƿҲڵĲ񷽣ȫƳ⣬һ⿴ǰĺꡣ
ʱ򣬰˴ƿߺȻȫ֣ΪѾȻɱʵʵôһҲ˼棬ֽɱ˵
˴ƿߣ˾ƿ֮⣬ߴƿҶйһսմ˸ƽ֣ʤ
԰˴ƿ߶Ϊ˾ƿߵļ룬ǰֵ֣ܹס˵ȥ
ȻЦһҶ첢ûлصռ䣬ٴξеĲ񽣣ռ˲ͨʱչҶӰҲ˲ʧԭء
ռ˲չҶӰƮ˵ںεأеĲ񽣸ӳһһϡ
Ľɱʲûпռ˲ͨҶȴУӵ˲ͨҶ죬ʵϾ˴ƿ߳ƽٶȴռơ
ʱƣ˴ƿƺоЩĿʼ°˴ƿȫһЩŵ뵽ð˴ƿ֣Ȼһʶ޷ɱҪǴ˳ȥ˴ƿߵδ棿
ʵ벻ͨѾѣָ˱ʵ˵׻һʣƿ֮ĲһԽĺ蹵ûдƹ
ȴһ򣬲ˣɱʱʵѾʤƿߣҿ˴ƿֶսܣǷ˼


897 ޿
Ҷƺ׼ƿߣƿܵͨռ˲ͨ˲ƿʣȻݺݻӳһ
¿ɳƻƿߣ˭˭ˣǳһˣһ˸ˣһһ¶á
Ҫ˵ƿߣλƿҲƲѣɱǲǺƿгΪʲôһ׷
ʵûа취ߴƿȫͣΪͲǴֻһ׷ƿʹƺƿߴĲһ㡣
ٴλӳһӳʮҶˣƿ߸ˣʱ겻˳ֻ֣Ƕһʹʹʵǿ˵ͱɱˡ
ȵȣɱʣǲӽˮˣΪʲô׷һˣΪʲôȥǿսҺг𰡣
׼ƿʵܲˣȥԼɱҲᱻ
ЩƿߣҶ˵ҾǴôˣӾǿ㲻˳ôˣһԲлӽ첻зˣӸա
˵֮Ҷٴ׷ƿ߶ȥһߵߴƿ߻࿴˿ԼϾһģһƿıɱҲû˿ô
ߴƿԥ֮£Ǿ֣ɾʱ򣬴ںȻһӣǱҶͷųĺʣҲ׷ƿߵת֮
ʵΪѾָ˻֮ʵҲȫԱƿ֮պ˼Լʵ޷ɱƿߣҪϳƿ߸һ׾ٵ飬һסλƿҲһʲô̫ѵ顣
ʵҶ뺣ãúʱסλƿߣȥרĶԸƿߣͷβҶһֱƿߣýᣬúʰһƿߡ
纣˵ȷһ֮סߴƿߣߴƿֹʼ޷Ѻʡ
סߴƿߣҶжʱһϲһ䣬ֱղ񽣶ȥ¿ƻƿߡ
ƿѾȷԼǽɱʵĶ֣ǰһֶԸ꣬˵ѱɱˡ
ʵƿѾƵ˼㣬һƿߣƿ֮⣬ɵ˭
ͬȼ֮µλƿߣҲû˿ںΪ֪Լߴƿߵʵ޼
ƿʵ벻ͨǣֻԼƽĽɱʣΪʲôѺʵȻǣſռ˲칦
Ҫ֪ռ˲ͨͲ磬Ҫ˵˴ƿߣƿҲδػռ˲ͨ
ʵǿޱȵҶ죬˿ռ˲ֱͨ绢лһȫˣֻһˡ
տʼƿ߻ҶսУļɵ뱾ʵͲ˼ңûй˹ãƿ߾Ѿеģƺʱпܱɱһ㡣
д󼱣Զ޷ߴƿߣƿʵ벻ͨһɱҲˣƫƫֳһȻûнɱһ֮סߴƿߣ˵ʲô
ƿ߿νļˣΪûߴƿߵԮǽɱʵĶ֣ö֮һڽɱǸʱԼڱ
ԽԽʧһƿֻоһʹһεѪ˳£˵Ҳ֪ԼѾһ
ʵҶͷβûжƿ֣Ϊƿʵ̫Բˣ׼úʰһԲл
ſռ˲ͨҶٶҪƿ߿ϺüԲƿһںδҶ춼ȥȻ֪ĳƿݺһ
ӵŲ񷽣񽣵Ҷ죬ΪѾ׻ָ۷֮ƿ߸֡
Ҫ֪ҶڵĲ񷽣Ҫ˵ƿߣƿҲǼɵ֣ƿ߸Ը⸶κδ۶֪ҶڵĲ񷽣жô¡
һӳƿߴȸһƽһƿߵĻָָֻתʱ⡣
ֻǲ񷽣ƿߵĻָٶȣҪһӻָ˿Ҳһ׾ٵ顣
ŭһƿʵ޿̵˵ʣҸĸԩ޳һ׷Ӵ㵽ʲô˼ѵҪͬھ𣿡


898 ƿߵı
ƿǳױˣһ˴ƿߣ˭ҲƫƫһҲˣ뿴۸һ׷ڡ
ƿߣͬھСƿߣҶƿ߸ҺԼͬھ
ұ㣬ͬھ𣿺ðҵҪôͬھ
ݺݱһǰƿߣ漴Ҷٴչռ˲ͨתʱƿߣֱһȥ
Ҳƿ߱ˣҶһ߹Ȼûܹùȥ֪ƿֱ߷죬ݺڵϡ
Цһ漴Ҷչռ˲ͨƿǰƿκλᣬֱӴƿ뿪ԭأص˵ռ䡣
㶨ƿߣҶٴλصħץֱٴʧԭأߴƿ㿴ңҿ㣬˭Ҳ֪׷ʲô顣
أƿɫЩѿǰ˴ƿһħҪΪħƿߵĻ壬أûеõ壬ƿ߷Ҷץˡ
֪˵ǲ̫ˣϾ뽣ɱ֮䲢κζԹ˾棬ǲӦͣ
˴ƿ֮Уֻоƿ뽣ɱûκζԹߴƿһֱѾƿߵԼˣһֱҲҪƿߡ
˴ƿߣֻоƿ߲ƾԼʵƿ֮ߴƿ˵ƿ߾һࡣ
ƿߵĻƿߵɫȫһ䣬ͬ˵УɱʸûнǷ˳׻ɱպؽ
ûУټ뽣ɱΪȥһǼ˽ɱʣʱƿ߲ô죿
ΣǶҪӽɱػ塣
˵ĶԣģǲǺͽɱһ·ģȻ̻
ƿߵĻƿߺݺݱһˣûٶ˵ʲôΪԼĥƤӣҲġ
˵ǽô죿
ħɱһ뿪ħãȵɱһУֻҪܹػ壬Ǳ뽫ɱ
ˮƿߵĽõһͬߴƿ߰ƿڣû뿪ħǷֲħ䣬ȴɱʳ
ռڣЩۿŵϵƿߣҶ콫ʺͲȫ˹ںȴûвεĻ
ͽˣг𱨳ԹԹһкҸ𡱣˵֮ҶóһӾ£żݵһϷ
ŵϵƿߣʻǲʣʶһŵı飬ʵû뵽ҶȻܹһƿץ
޳ܶӽɱɡ
ǻûеƿ֣߳ƿߵɫһ䣬Ϊ֣ԼʵȻȫˣͺһͨƵġ
Щ𺳵Ŀһ׼˯Ҷ죬ƿ߶ݺݵ˵ɱʣ㵽׶ʲôҵʵΪʲôһȫˡ
һЦޱȵĮ˵˸ˣƿߣӭҵ硣
磿ƺЩ̫Ҷ˵ƿ׼˲䱻ɹһߵڵأֻʸ߶ʮһʹ
̵ģѾľȻ׷ɱһǧ֪֪꣬һǰʲôɱһɱôˣܰôŰɣӾվǰҧҰҧ
ƿռ䣬ʵʧڲҪ˵ʣһͨ˶ܹݺһƿߡ
ƺˣʺݺݴһ˵һߣһƣ˵ãֵˡ
ʵĻڿϷҶûбǺҲ̫ܸ˰ɣʳѾˣڲʸոŹϣ׼ϣƿܵˡ
ҶˣֺأȻȥֹݹأȴûаƿߴƺҲûв˼ߵƿǰʼ˱ߡ
ҪȲʺݶˣһŽһźݺƿϣһɱĲҽ쳹ռ䣬ݺһ¿ˮҶŮ˷ƺҲ̫ˡ
ʿɲǰ֣Ҫߣһʱ䣬ƿƺӣûƿߵʵĿ¡
Ҫţ˵ʾİƿ߸ˣɾƿҲǽٳ١


899 
ƿֻʣһͱʸˡ
ҶЩ࣬ƿǰѪƿߣҶ΢΢һ̾ô˵ǰӶһƿߡ
ֳŵϰӵ˼£գʱ䣬ոջûƿ˲𣬾ͺûܹһ㡣
Ҷ죬ʲô˼
ҶȻƿ˲κãʲˣʣһӣһķߺޣƺոһٱ߲ûλŮϢŭ
ˣһպü桱ҶӸտʼûдҪƿߵϾ佲ƽ⣬ߴƿȱһС
ʵҶ֪ߴƿ߿Իɱƿͳնɱߴƿˣ˻ڡ
ƺ˵ʲôҶκοڵĻᣬ˵ǲùˣǻǾԼΪƿ߽ҡ
˵֮ҶƿֱҶԵסԼṷһһˣҶЩʵ˵˭
ƿߡ
ƿߣƺûԼӵĻո׼ʵҶԺȻסˣһŵĿŵϵӣ˴ƿ֮һƿء
Щ˵ЩͰͣϾһƿߴʲô˭Ҳ֮ǰ֪ҶѽȣѾ֪һЩ½
ҶԼӵʵҲûŵԼӾȻһƿ߾Լǰƿ߾ͺʹײһ㶼Ҷ
үүҿԽڵĻ֮תƵϣպͿԳΪµƿߡʵҶոץƿߵʱѾãԼ´λƿߡ
Լĵռ䣬Ҷаٷ֮ٵܹ룬һ£ʱߴƿȫԼˣƿߣֻƿߣ׷ƿȫվԼһߣħƿߵĻҲԼϡ
˵иʮλƿߣƿʧƿλԼһߣƿ֮⣬Ҫư¶һ̫ѵ顣
ԼӵĻҶǳױסˣ̫ˣȻԼƿߣһᣬҶԲʵ㲻ںҿЦɣ
һҶҲܹ⣬ϾԼ˵𺳣ûһ˻ţ˵үүѾãҪߴƿȫԼˡ
˵ͷҶԻЩŵ˵ܹ쵽ȻãСĵ㣬Ҫ³ç֪𣿡
֪үүھͿʼɡ˵֮ҶƿǰֱһӡȥڵĲ񷽣˲һᣬƿߵǻðһɫš
ţҶжʱһϲΪ֪֮ߴƿƿߵʵȫΪ;УûУǹƨǡ
ɫſٴҶڣҶһ˵үүѾд뵽ڣֻҪУôµƿߡ
ҶѱԸֻԼΪͻ𣬿û뵽һ̣ϾҪΪƿˣǿߣ֮ϵ޵дڡ
ҶҲû˿ĳɣֱڵϿʼڵУʱƿתѣԼڵѾʧɫ˲䡣
Ҷ죬㵽׶ʲô
еʧƿ߳׺ˣΪ֮ԿԳΪƿߣȫΪڵС
˵ʧȥڵУǲҪ˵ʲôƿߣʶܴﵽ𶼲ǡ
¶һ˿ЦҶĮ˵ҲûжʲôֻǺһ㶫ˣ㲻Ὠɡ
ҵʲô
ʵƿѾµǰпǽԼڵˣֻԸţҲš
ƿߴû˵ϾȻ˿ǿȡƿߵУҪ֪˵ƿ߶
ƺܹµƿʲôҶ˵߸ѾλܾˣҲλͣѾҺѡԷģҲɱ㣬һϵȫʵԼպô죬ǾҪԼˡ
ɱѵͲƿߵĳͷ𣿡
ƿߣǻ𣿡ЦһҶƿ˲ʧ


900 ƿ
ƿħҶݺݵĽгڵϣƿ߾ͺһ⣬ſڵҲ֪ǻ
˳ߴƿ˲ɵ˿ϰƿʱߴƿȫסˡ
ɱеʲô
ߴƿһȫɵˣȻɱƾǿʵԺǴƽ֣ƽվƽ֣Ҫսʤ̸ס
񣬵ϵƿѾˣ˵ʲô
ûжʲôֻЩȱ£⵽ӦǼҲСĵ㣬˵챨Ӧ͵ˡ
Цһڰ˴ƿߣҶͷβû˿øУûаһ֮ץסߴƿߣ˵ҶѳˣĻߴƿϻƪ
ɱòҪ̫ôǶƿߣֻһССʣҲԡ
ûеˮƿ߰ѻ˵꣬һߵľƿߺȻ˵ɱ֮Ͼûޣαظķˣ㽫ħƿߵĻ彻ҿԱ֤ǾԲΪѡ
ھƿߵĻƿ߶û˵ʾԣϾѾǰ֮ƿҲ¶ˡ
һ䣬ҶƿߵûжٳɼϾ˴ƿ֮Уֻк;ƿûзκεĦ
ƿߣҷȰһ䣬ЩԲΪ飬㲻к³ңҿԱ֤պĳɾ;Բڴˡ
ҶĻνǿ֮ƿ˭˴ƿ֮һ½޵дڣھȻҶȻô½һƿ߸ࣿ
ǰĻߴƿȫһ£Ϊ½ϴûһ˸˶˵һƿ߸һࣿЦأ
ɱǲӽˮˣһƿ߸࣬𣿡
Ҷ첢ûж˵ʲôֻ˫ߴƿ֮УһȥֵӣǾƿߣ½ΨһԼŬƿ֮
Ҷ첻նɱƿߣߴƿߴԣҪأԼٲôǽΪ˿⡣
ʱƣȫû˵Ϊ˶ڿžƿߣƿΪþƿɱĸ࣬һܵ顣
Ϊƿߣ԰ң
û⡱ƿߵĻҶû˿ԥȻû˿գȴӦ˾ƿߡ
Ҷ뷨ôȰѾƿԼһ˵ϾںҪǿߵļ룬ֻܶԿһС
ƺ¶ĳ־ģƿصͷҴӦ㣬Ҳĸ࣬ǰ㣬Σ
ƿߵĻҶеһƣƿΪʲôô˵Ҫסһ㣬Ҵû˵ҵĸ࣬ѡ
ѣѣãΪ仰Ҿͺѡ˵֮󣬾ƿһתֱ뿪ƿߣҶվ
ƿߵɫνѿ˼ɵˮƿǱޱȵ˵Ҿ˵˿סֽΪ
ˮƿߵĻ˵ɫԽѿƿ˵ģȻôûа㵱ԼˣվҲûк㣬ΪҪ˱ѣѵǱΪ飬ʱôĶ֪
ĻƿЦЦ֮г˱ģ˵ǼϲĻ˼˵Ӿò׳ɾƿ֮λû뵽ǼԲдңҪҴ˵类ǺˣȻڻ˵ǡ
ƿ߱ڣҶˬˣƿƿߣָоһ㶫ܹģ˵ȴ뿪ȵٺúʰ⼸Բл
˵֮Ҷžƿֱʧԭأص˵ռУȻʣʣȫٻһҶҲû˿˵λҲﵽƿ֮
Ҷģʻǲʣȫɫһ䣬ͬľҶ죬˼˵ǿƿ֮
ڵռٴͻƣλ֮۷֮ˣҲǾϲѣΪ۷֮ѾĴڡ
ǴûԼ˻һɾƿ֮Ϊǲ̫ܵ飬Ͼ½ֻоƿһǿԼŬƿ֮


901 ׼
֮ǰҶû˿취ȴȫһˣƾ赤ռ䣬ǿȡƿߵУȻת޵Լϡ
ʵﶼǰƭǣֻǺŰˣϾɾƿ֮˵ʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ콫Լе뷨ȫ˵˳ȫɵ۵Ŀǰ꣬˵Ҷ죬ôҶ֧ġ
ԣҲ֧㡣
ʵĻҶ쳹˵ԣڳȥƿȫץ뿪ƿߣΣ
˻ʳɵˣ¶һ˿˼ٺһЦ˵Ҿ֧㡣
ݺݵıһʣҶûٶ˵ʲôһתʧԭأǰ˵ǡ
ԴҶ֮ʣʣħҶֱƴӣͽĲˣ޲ýԼľջ׳
Ҫ׼ҡҶû˿ΪѾҲҪʴƿߣȴʣֻһ취Ǿ׼
׼˼壬ǽһ˵׸һˣˣպͳʧȥɣȫһա
Ҳ൱ڽԼ׽ˣһ˻ʵɫȫʱһ䣬һһ㡣
ɱȻ㣬Ҳ˶ԴǣֱǣΪʲôҪ׼⵽ʲô˼
ƺѲ³ʻ˵ҶЦһ˵м±ҪǰҲǣԱȫ׼
ɱʲô龡˵ܹ쵽һ벻׼ɡƺЩ̫ˣҲ˵̫أϾȫУһ˵ͻǲ
׼˴ƿߣǰǱҪ׼ңвиʹ໰ҶŲͷʵǷҪʣֻõƿߵУôںϵٶȻϺöࡣ
ʶ׼Ļô㵽ʱȫɾƿ֮λҲܶʲôϾѾʵ
˻ݺһЩŵʵɱǲںǿЦأа취ǳɾƿ֮λ
˵ͷҶЩͷ˵Ҫǹܣֻһ䣬ǵǷ׼
ҶѾֻҪһ㲻Ը⣬ôͻԥĳֻɱʣҪ˵ڵռڣڴ½ϣҶҪֻɱҲһ׾ٵ顣
ʵﶼƵģÿһ˶ֻ֪Ҫ˵һ֣ô֪һ뵽Լ˵׼ȥʾЩʹࡣ
ΪǿߣڣʵѾﵽλܹ֮ҪЮ
²òͷǧԣʿʼĬҶҲûдߣֻۿǰʣϾһ׼꣬ʵЩѡ
ʱһһεĹȥʻû˿ʾҶ첻ˣԼĸһλᣬֻ׼ˣô
Ҫ֪ҶҪɱʸѴ֮Ҫ׼ҲҪɱʡ
ǲǲӦЩޱȣҶ֮Գɱɱ죬ڵĲ񷽣Ѿʼת
ɱֻһ⡣
ʡ
ĿҪǵΪһɾƿ֮
ٷ֮١ҶʮɵİգֻҪܹƿץռ䣬ôƾ赤ռǿжȡƿߵУȻת޵ϣʳɾƿ֮λ
ҶѾѣ׻ָ۷֮ƿû˿İգǲܶκһƿߣʮİܹƿߴصռ䡣
ԣֻҪܹǳɾƿ֮׼Ρ
ʵƿﶼףԼ˲Ӧ꣬ôյĽ¾뿪磬Ӧ꣬׼ꡣ
ȿԳɾƿ֮ҲԱסԼ˵ΪĿƿ֮ôӴ֮Ҳ°˴ƿߡ
׼ҪǵֻҶһ˶ѣԾݵĳ˼֮ѾǽԼ׼ǰĺ°׷ꡣ


902 ǣ
׼ʽܿ죬ֻʽԵ׼Ҷѣʱ׼Ѿɡ
׼ϣҶҲûж˵ֱҵʺ;ƿߣ˵λҵֵƿߣ׼ҽƿߡ
ͷǺʻǾƿߣ˶û˿ԣ뿪ռ䣬û˵ֱӿս
ҶֱϽƿߣƿ˶ԸҶһԸƿҲܣκһƿߣҶ춼ʮİա
һʱҶѾ׻ܽƿߣƿߴصռ䣬Ҷħ֮УһĿȥ
һʱ䣬ƿȫҶһƣȫص˵ռ䣬ħֻʣһƿߣһǰеƿߡ
ռڣҶ쵭ĮĿǰߴƿߣ˵ӭҵ磬Ǿ͵ԼļҾУؾ
磿ɱҲ´ţƿЩӵĿǰ꣬ȻʵԣĻǵȷûһܹʤ꣬˵ܹһռ䣬Ƕš
ǻûеƿ߷ӦһߵĲʺȻһٰƣֱȵƿҲ
һȶӣƿ߳ɵˣԴǳɾƿ֮λҪ˵ǶӣǶûһˡ
ǣƿߺֱܹ֮ӳŲȥɻûеƿκζֱӷɱֽŲãݺݿʼƿ
ڹ꣬ǲǺţBǲǺקӴһƺŻ˼Ȼ
ʵҲ󣬲ʵôǿվҲֻһʣƿߵĲಢһǰ㣬λᣬƿߡ
һʱ䣬ƿ߾ͳ׳ͷҶ캰ͣ˵ʺ޲ƿߡ
ƿ뻹ֵģɵȻֵʱƿ߲žֵķ֣ƿʵȻһӲˡ
ƿߴһطʣ»λƿߣҶ컽ʣʣħʣټʣʣһλʡ
ʣƿߣҶֱʧԭأռһƧĵطܿһˣеֻһɽ塣
ҽ˵ȫֲڣǶ׼һ£׼ƿߵʱ˭ҲҴʧܡ
ʵҶȻƾ赤ռǿжȡƿߵУܲܳɹУ⻹һδ֪
⻰ɫһϲȫһƱϾܹɾƿ֮λ˵ɾµһڱݺݵͷϡ
ȻѾѡƿߣҶҲû˿ĳɣٴǿдƿȡУȻǿֲڡ
ʵõƿߵУȫڵϿʼΪÿһﶼֻҪܹɹУôǾһƿߡ
ŵеʣ˴ƿ֮УƿѾշƿߵҲҶУʣµһƿߣҶҲҺ˹ޡ
Ҷ콫ƿȫټһҲû˿˵ҽ׼ħƿߵĻ塣
˻ƿû˿ľȣΪ˵֪ҶѾõħƿߵĻ壬⣬һ塣
Ҷ죬Ȼûгںϻ壬ȴԿ϶㳹ħƿߵĻ壬Ϊƿ֮ӵǵĻ塣
ʵĻҶɫҲЩأ뵽û˿취ȻѾѣҲָ۷ʵɶ½˵ʵ
ʵҶ֪ͬƿ߸ѣ˵õҲ޷ɾͻƿߡ
Ҷȴû˿취ֻȽԼΪƿ֮˵ΣҶħƿߵĻ壬Ҳ֪Ҫʱ䣬ҿ޷һȥѰһˡ
ãҲҪΪѾָ˻ܹ֮вҵҲûмˡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ˵Ȼˣ˸ΪҾ뿪ռ䣬ֻҪں˻壬ָ˻ƿߵʵôƳҡ


903 
Ҷ콫ͳռ䣬Ȼƿ˵Ǵ뿪ռ䣿׼£
ҶѾֻҪƿ߸˵뿪Լĵռ䣬ô˿ԥֱӻնɱƿߡ
ҶȻƿѾӦվԼһߣֻƿߵǰ֮Ѿƿߡ
Ϊڵռڣаٷ֮ٵİջɱƿߣһʱƿ뿪˵ռ䣬һָ˻ʵôʱԼҪɱƿ߸һ̫ܵ顣
Ҷ첻ɵ£һлԼ֮УôҪе㶨Ͼ壬ҪʱҲ֪Ҫá
׼ٶȣ಻ʱ䣬ҾͿԳ׻ָ۷ȫںϻ塣
Ȼˣͼɡ
˵֮Ҷ뿪ռ䣬ħѾ뿪ħֻʣƿһˡ
ЦûƿߣҶ뿪ħƳǶȥҶѾ׼Ƴںϻ壬ȻƳ˷ǣɲô죬ƳǶļҡ
һ·ƳǸȥܿ죬ҶѾվƳǰҶǣҶûһˣսҶŽ˵ռ䡣
ҵƿߣҶ˵ߴƿߣѾλǿжȡУֻʣһ˶ѣ׼ȡУ㲻ᷴ԰ɣ
ҶĻһҪǿжȡ˼ҵУȻҪ˼ͬͬ⡣
ڵռ䣬ƿ߾ôԸô죬ƿɫһ䣬Щ˵Ҷ죬ѵĳƿߣÿһһ㲻ܶǵС
ЦһǱ˵ȻܣӵеռԼҪ˵ߴƿߣƿ߽뵤ռ䣬ҲԼŰ
ûٷϻҶֱƿߣκεĻᣬֱӿʼǿжȡƿߵС
ҶѾȽƿߵжȡںƿߵУΪƿ֮˵
һɰԵ˲ڣҶҲֱڵϣʼںƿߵУûйһߵƿߡ
һʱ䣬Ҷٴ˫ۣһ۵ϱԼȡеƿߣƿ뿪ԭء
ƿǰеƿߣҶֱȫ˳ȥӳȥ֮ǰƿߵΪȫϳͨˡ
Ӵ֮󣬴½ߴƿȫʧȥΪͨ˵ϲ꣬ߴƿ߾ͻֻأûУߴƿܲܳɹתǸ⡣
ռڣһƧɽϣҶ˫ۣʼںƿߵУֻҪܹںϣôµƿߡ
ʱһһεţתۼѹ֮䣬Ҷ컹Ҷԣʣ˶ȫںߴƿߵУ֮ڣûκεתѡ
⣬Ĵ󳬼һֱػ꣬ҶķԸǰ죬ǿ߽죬ʹַҪֹ
Ĵ󳬼Ҳû׽죬ϾһλƿʵҲһƿߵĶ֡
ͨڣһεСЩ˵ʵܲˣҪȥÿͺͿŵһ˸еơ
Сڣ侲㣬ϵػ˵λͽˡ
ʱҾƣǽôˣʲô飬Σգܾ֮ǵм
СڵĻ˷ŭ󳬼Ҳûٶ˵ʲôΪСʵһǵ飬α粽ػ죬ʱ䣬ֹ죬һʹǿ˵ѱɱ
и飬Σ
˵ɡ
飬˲ػ죬һҲû𼶱ǿ߽죬ҿǲ뿪ɡ
Ҳôģȴ֪Ҷʲôط
֪
˻󳬼ȫ򻢰ʵҶʲôط
ûв´ĻҶӦǻصƳǣֻҪǻƳǣһܹҵҶ졣
Ȼˣǻʲô߰ɡƺһҲȲո˵꣬СڵӰѾʧ졣


904 ɿռ
תۼţҶʻҶһֱûѣȫȫںУ׼ɾƿ֮λ
˫ۣҶϿϲǱһӣ漴һл֮˲˴Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ҶڳƿߵУվҶӰ˲ʧԭأҶסǸϵ֮ɲʻҶԣʼնûгɹС
ƿͬˣڽԼΪ۷֮֮ǰƿ߸ոսںϻĽ׶Ρ
֮ǰƿ˵ֻҪһʱԳںԼĻ壬ʱָʵɾͻƿ֮λ
Ҷ첢ûгԴƿߣ֮Уƺֻоƿ߶һûڼڣƿߵ赤ռ䣬Ҷ쿴һʱҲ̲סƿߵ
֮ĳҶѾ֮ʹģתƾõռܿΪһոµĴ½
ҵƿߣҶ˿εĿ޵лˡ
ҡҡͷƿĮ˵˵ѣ֮˿ˣҲ²ûΪѾﵽƿ֮˰ɣ
ͷھƿߣҶû˿˵ʱ䣬ƿߵУ׼ʼħƿߵĻ塣
ǾƿѾµһǰȻΪ˳ƿ֮λ̲סһЩ
Ҫ֪һа˴ƿߣ½Ҫһƿߣ̸ףƱҪ
ģһֱиɻԻҽһ£
ԡ
½Ҳܶྪž޵Ϊʲô֮⣬ȴûһܹͻ֮ﵽƿ߾磬⵽ΪΣ
ҶѾ˼ܾˣΪ½ϵźܶ࣬˾ƿƾԼŬƿ⣬Ҳûһܹͻ֪֮ΪʲôҶǸоЩԾ
Ҷܿ϶֪Լеʣʮλƿһ֪ڲŻǰľƿߡ
ҶԼƿ̾Ϣһ˵ӦѾܹµһЩʵǴ½ߵ飬˲Ըƿ֮
ȻˣʵҶѾ뵽ֻ޷϶ǣֹ½ƿߵ˵˭ƿߣߴƿߣ
Ҷ죬һֱǴ½֮ƿ֮ҲûȨ֪Щ
һ㣬ҶףϾĸΣʸ֪ĸε飬ͺһũ񹤣֪ϯ顣
Ҷ죬·ͬСɣΪô½ΪƿߣӦ֪ƿߴʲô
ƿߣ
Ҷȷû뵽ܣҪ֪ƿʱ䶥ڣҪ˵½ǿ˭һƿߡ
һΪʮλƿߣ߼ƿλмƿλƿ߱λƿƾŬƿߣԳƿԭλ˰λ
ƿΪ߼ƿߣҶʵ绹˭ƿߵĶ֣仰˵ϻ˭ܹвƿߡ
Ҫ֪ٶĳƿߣĸ߼ƿߺмƿ߲䣬Ҷӵŵռ䣬ôߴƿҲ
ҶԴҲ벻ƿߵΪҪǵкκôѵֻΪһ˿Ȥ
ģ֪ΪΣ
ҡҡͷƿҲЩε˵֪Ҫ˵ңƿߣߴƿҲ϶֪ƿΪҪ˵һɸ˵ܣ£ƿ֮⣬һ֪
ģƿ𣿡
ûУ˵ƿһֱסںɿռڡ
ɿռ䣿Ҷ컹ǵһ˵Ƭ½֮⣬ֻ˵ռ䣬û˵ɿռ䡣
ƺܹµǰʲôƿ߽͵Ϊ㣬һǺɿռ䣬ֻƿ߿Խ룬мһռ䣬ֻƿ߿Խ룬һ½˵ƿ߶׽ɿռ䣬Ϊĺ֮˲ɱһƿߡ


905 ƿ
Ϊ㣬ɿռ䣬мռ䣬Ǵ½Ҷһζһȫµ˽⡣
Ҷ컹֪ƿԭסںɿռڣƿ߶̤ɿռڣͻᱻɱ
ģƿ߶˵ҵĲ񷽣ƿУ֪
˵֮Ҷ콫ԼڵĲ񷽣ǲ֮˲ʹԴƿߵУΪҲ˳ƿ֮ڵĲ񷽣Ҳ˲֮
ҶĲ֮ƿɫ˲䣬ʲô֮Ǻ֮
֮ʵþƿ߽ͣҶһҲ˺֮ʲôµĲ֮һǺɿռ䣬ƿ֮
Ҷ죬ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôγɺ֮Ҫǣƿߵ֪ӵк֮ôһɱ㡣
ƿ߻𣿡
ҶЩƣ˵ƿʧܶ𣬾Լӵź֮Σѵƿ߿ԳԼɣ
Ҷ죬ȻҲ֪ǴİϢҿȷĸ㣬ƿһֱںɿռڡ
ǴӺε֪ҶЩԾΪõϢƿߵĵȷȷѾʧ᲻žƿߣΪҶ֪ƿ߲ƭԼ
ƿ˵ƿһֱںɿռ䣬ôƿߵ֪ԼȻӵź֮ôƿһǰɱԼ
Ҫ֪ƿ֮⣬һ˿ӵк֮ӵк֮ʲôʵҶƿﶼ
ӵк֮ô˵Ҷպܳɾͻƿ֮λҲƾڵĺ֮ɱƿߡ
ʵҶиӵ뷨ǾԼӵź֮ǲԺƾ֮ƿ֮ǰ㣬ô¿ɴСҶ
Ҷ죬ʵǿӵԼĶ磬ҪͼսƿߣΪƿߵʵֱ̫ˡ
ƿߵĻҶһʵģʵңǲǼƿߵĶս
ƺ¶ĳ־һ㣬ƿһ̾˵Ҷ죬ܣҿԲ߱ˣһ㣬ΪҰ㵱ѡ
лл
ҵΪѾﵽ۷֮һǧ꣬ʼ޷ͻƣֱһ죬һĮ֮пӡ
ƿߣ
ԣƿߣʱҲ֪Ϊʲôƿ߾ȻûзңǶ˵ܹ֮ͻƿ֮ΪǽĻ֮
ƿûз־ƿߣҶҲʵеһ˿ȣϾĲ۷֮ƿĺһֻ޼
ƿչȻֻһСͿռսҵʱܹᵽƿߵжǿֻҪָͷһҶ˲䱻ɱ
Ҷû˵ֻǾţ³˾֮⣬޵ڶ֪£ƿߣߴƿҲͬˡ
ƿƺʤǶ뿪֮ǱǸոմսĿռ䣬ʱȻ䣬ұǿԲѣɵ֮ʱҷԼΪȻˣΪ˳ƿߡ
Ȼˣܹ֮ͻ۷֮ɾƿ֮λȫΪƿߴսµϢȾɡ
ƿ߱ƿߵϢô⣬ƿҲӦź֮Ŷԡ
ƺµҶеɻ󣬾ƿҲû˿˵µһûұƿߵನȴӵ˺֮ôȴҶκ˵
Ȼӵ˺֮ôΪԲֹƿ֮𣿡
ͷƿ˵˵ĺܶԣҵٶȣô㲻ƿ֮ҲܹӵбƿߵʵȴҽԼΪΪƿ߶Ժ֮ŸӦֻҪΪƿһ֪ʱ¾ͱƿ߻ɱˡ
ԭˣպʹ֮ƿ֪ǻ룬ȷѰ죬׸ô죿


906 
Լӵк֮ҶҲʵССһɲƿһ㣬ΪԼȴΪɵƿ߶ôǿв
ҶûмħƿߵĻ壬뿪ռ䣬ո뿪˸Ĵ󳬼һ֮Ҷ콫Ĵ󳬼ص˵ռ֮ڡ
Ĵ󳬼ȻصƳǣҶ첢ûκε֣ϾĴ󳬼ʵ޷Կƿߡ
ʵҶҲѾΪѾﵽƿ֮ڵĲ񷽣תΪ˺֮ҶһţƿҲȫһս
ƿ߻ˣʵҲ֪ܹʣ¼㣬Ҷһ̸ȳԼļˡ
뵽Ҷ漴뿪Ƴǣȥһ·֮ϣҶҹ̣ԳƿߵٶȲʱ򣬱ѾƳǸϵ졣
վͨҶϵĮһЦֻҪ̤죬Ȼƿ߻ܣôʱԾȳԼļˡ
ûٳɣҶһͨâһҶѾڣʱȻһžʱڰ֮С
ǰߵĺ°׷꣬¶һ˿ȣ˵ɱһС㣬֮Ѿ˳ƿ֮ɾˣ㵱ΪԼʤĹƿ𣿡
ƿмƿ֮ŲԽĺ蹵һ£ƿһٸҲԲһмƿΪС
ЦһʵҶѾȷƿߵȷΪԼ˶ѿࡣ
ҪΪ˼˶֮ĶԹǲǲǣˡ
ҶĻЦЦ֮г˵⣬˵ɱΪﵽƿ֮ΣҪԹҵĻֻҪܹ˵ȥôļһỹ㡣
ɫЩѿҶ첢û֣ΪҶԼһ̻ɱôļҲ
ȽҶ컹Ǻעؼ˵ģʱԻɱɼһʧȥһںģԵһʱ䣬Ҷ컹ѡЭ
ƺܹ³룬Ҳن˵ֻҪܹڵĺ֮ҵ㣬ͷļˡ
ȻˣʵһҶѾ³˵ϾмƿҪһ̫ܣϾҪܹӵк֮
ӵк֮ĵطֻһǺɿռ䣬ɿռƿ֮⣬κһܹ׽롣
ҪָʵҪٴΪܹõ֮ɿռǲ̫ˣôֻһ취ǵõڵĺ֮
Ҷ죬ҪӦ㽫֮ҲһὫļͷšʱͨĹâٴһ漴˿ٶ
ˣҶ¶һ˿ЦݣΪոսĶˣһһŮ׷ƿֻƿߡ
ˣҶѾȷ׷ƿ߻ֻƿߣƿһǳں˸ԵĻ壬Ҳǳ׻ָ˻ƿߵʵеһϲȵǣƿںϻʱȻ̡֮
ָˣȻѾµҶ컹ǲʳڡ
ʣҲ׷ƿ߿첽Ҷǰ˵ܹ֮ںϻ壬һ׹Ժ˵
˻Ҷ˵ͷûмȥô˵׷ƿߺֻƿ֮ǰǷޣںʻָ꣬мҲȫָ
Ҷ죬㲻ҪĻ㵽ʱ֮ͬͷļˣ޳Ѽʶϣء
ͷ޳ܣҶ᲻֪ϾǧǰƿΪ˳ֶԸϧǿдͨǵʱԼʱסͨ˵ڵĴ½Ϳ̿Ѫɺӡ
Ը׷ƿ˵ҶҲ֪õԼĺ֮ͬͷԼļˣ˵죬ô죿
Ҷ죬պٽҺ죬Ҳٽ׷Ժȫɡ׷ƿߵıȫֻƿߵıޣ˱һԷޣʧɢٴʤ
׷ƿתͷ֮ϵ˵ݺǷޣٴֻתվ֮ʡ
׷ֻأӭֻתɹ뽣ɱ֮ĶԹƺǲأ֮ĶԹԺ˵
Ļ᲻ֻ֪ҪҶ콫ڵĺ֮ôƿܹ߱ںϺ֮ôƿߵΪһΪƿߣǿĴڣʱ׷ƿֻƿҪƺҲЩ
֪ǲǽˮˣΪĹ𣿳ȽҶļͷţǲŻῼǡ
룬ƺ˾ƿҲ֪ʹͨһȺĳǰҶû˿ĳɣֱӴ˻صռ䡣
Ҷɫȴû˿תΪ֮УΨһˣĸҶ޵Уô˵һĸ׶Ҷ޵Уô۸κδ۶ҪȳԼĸס
Ҹأ
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ʵһƿ֣ƾ׷ƿߺֻƿ߾Իɱοƿˣȫʢʱڶδƿߵ֮
׷ƿҪ˵ʲôҶȴ˰֣΢΢һ̾ζҪȳԼĸףҪ˵֮ҪҶҲ˿һüͷ
ת֮ҶڿںϳһαѪٻƳľڣһʱ䣬ƿ߱ѾںҶıѪ
ƽʱõҶıѪҲӵк֮ȴȫĲһҶ콫һֺ֮ȫ㼯һαѪڣõҶһαѪ൱ڵõҶһֺ֮
ں˱ѪЦ˵ɱô˵ҶҪлл㣬ĸҽһ£ںϺ֮ʱ򣬾һ㸸֮ʱʱڣòҪң򡭡
漴ƿߵľ˲ʧڰ֮У׷ƿ߻ֻƿ߶׼ȥ׷ɶҶ
׷ˣиУҲܶʲôġ΢΢һ̾ҶҲ΢һΪ˸Ҷ޵֮⣬Ҳƽ¡
Ҷ죬㲻صǣѾ뿪죬ô˵Ƚͨ׷ӡ˵˳½᳹ȷѪ꣬˵أ


907 Ӧ
ͨѾͼӡٴӵл֮ܳͨ
֮ԴͨΪƿ֮һǻ壬Ż֮
񲻹׷ƿ߻ֻƿߣƿ߶ѾںԼĻ壬ԿʹԼĻϰͼ׷ӡͨ
Ϊ˰ȫƿһֳַӡͨһǧ֮õͨڱ׷ӡӴ֮ͨҲᱻ򿪡
ȵҶƿ뿪֮ʱַӡ죬Ҷڵĺ֮ӡͨǻƿҲδܹٴοͨ
ٷӡ֮ǰҶ컹ǽԭȱƿټǿȫǲɢ˳ȥһ
ҶеССȵǣƿ߽ǿ߾ۼ죬Ȼûжκ˳֣һ˶δڡ
ûයҶƿ漴뿪죬ΪﶼƿѾ뿪죬ǼҲ޼¡
Ҷ׼ƿ߽Լĵռ䣬׷ƿ߲ûκ飬ֻƿ֧֧ʼղԸ롣
ʵƿﶼֻҪһĵռ䣬ôԼ˵ͺޱϣ괦á
ǰǱƲѣΪ˼׷ƿߣֻƿ߲֮²һĵռ䣬ȴȫĲһˡ
׷ƿҲѾ׻ָʵɾͻƿߣ䣬ƿ֮⣬ܹɱǡ
ֻƿ룬Ҷ컹׷ƿߣ˭׷ƿҪ˵ʲôҶȴֹˡ
Ҷ콫ƿҲƿߣħƿѾתϾħƿߵĻҶ
ȻҶǿдƿںϻ壬ǾˣƿںϻҲֻһ˼һ±Գںϻ塣
ǰƿߣҶһЩԺУʱûԼƿվһ𣬶˴ƿȫա
Ҳ˵ϳƿ֮⣬ߣȫڴ½Ϻ߶˸Ҷ˵һ䡣
Ҷ죬Ҳ뿪ĵռ䣬㶮ҵ˼
ƿ߱ǿдںϻ壬ϳƣֻҪٶһ£ͿԳںϻ壬ɾͻƿ֮λڣһжϣβơ
ǵƿ߿ߵƿ߶Ѿںϻ壬иޱȣ޲ھͻָԭ
ƿ߻϶ѾָʵҵĵռкãҲµûӦܹܵĴڣ
ʵҶ뵽һֻƿߣ仰˵ֻƿӵŻ֮ôƿ䲻ƿѾ֪
Ҷ죬²һûΪƿߣڵĻõԸӦƿߵһ˿λãħƿߵĻ壬ֻҪں֮Ȼ޷ɾͻƿ֮λȴԸӦƿߵϢ
ȻˣԼǰ㣬ƿ߶ƾԼϢӦƿߵλãѹʱ˵Լ׷
΢΢һ̾ҶֺγںħƿߵĻ壬ɵȵǸʱƿ˵ԼǵαѪԳɾͺƿ֮λ
ƿ߲ĳΪһλƿߣλҶ֪ܹһս˿²ᳬ
ҶѾܸκδۣԼںĻ壬ҵȻ¾ȳԼĸףȻƾ˵˵Ծ
Ҫ֪ûںԼǵαѪһˣһƿ߶޷ֵס
Ҷ첢ûκƿ߲ãǳɵϣ˵ʵڵȲôãеĻ壬˵ʱҲ׳Ϊ˺ƿߣʱĶ֣Ϊ
ƿ߸Ե˵ͷȫͬǰĻΪÿһﶼĸףҵƿΣѵҶ޵еҲҪ
ƿɵģҶֺγ֪ܹô죬֮Ҷ޵һʣѾܳˡ
Σǻҵƿ˵ϣܹҡҶҲû˿Ҳû˿ĿϾһ֮Ҫɱƿߣһ̫ܵ顣


908 
ҶĻƿû˿ԥ㳹״ӦҶ֪ƿ֮У׷ƿ֮⣬ƿȻϴӦˣȴܲԸ
΢΢һ̾ҶʵһֱûѡŹƿߣֻƿߣ׷ƿߵԵʣ˵ֻƿ֮֮ս
Ҷ죬һ£л˵
ͷҶҲûйȥֱӴ׷ƿһʧԭأص˵ռ䡣
뵤ռ䣬׷ƿɫЩǸ˵Ҷ죬ֻ֪ضЩطĲԣɲô˵ʼնҵţҲ֣ܶҿԺ㱣֤պ󲻹ܷʲô飬ҺֻضԲ顣
¶һ˿ЦݣҶ˵ȫԴʶĵһ죬ҾѾ㵱ֵܣİɣʲôʱҶѡ㡣
¶һ˿м׷ƿ˵Ҷ죬ҲòȰһ䣬֪ΪʲôǸоƿЩطԣһСġ
׷ƿߵĻҶһʵ㷢ʲô
ûУǸоһ̵ƺ֮ǰѾȫһԴӾڻȻսҲ֪֪ˣһ̵ЩԾ
˼˵ƿ߸֮ǰƿߣ
һ㣬Ҷ쵹һ˿ССľȣΪƿߣÿһǾڻ֮У˵õ壬Ҳ޷ɾͻƿߡ
׷ƿߵĻ˼Ѿԣһֱռƿ߸ģʵ벻ͨϳƿ֮⣬˭ܹںϻɾµƿߡ
ƺܹǰɻ׷ƿ߼˵Ҷ죬ȻҲ֪ôһ£ȫܹȷƿߵĵȷȷǼٵġ
ͷ׷ƿߵĻҶû˿Ĳţֻ¹ڷ˼
˵֮뿪ռٴλص磬ûмʣ˿뿪׼ȥƿߵ䡣
ڴڼ䣬ҶǶߵƿ߶һۣ˭Ҳ֪µǸʲôӵġ
֪ǲ⣬׷ƿߺֻƿ˶ƿ߱߾룬Ҷû
λϴҲ̫ˣ޲øˣ˼ƿ⣬ƿô롣
Ҷ죬Ҳ׼صĵռϣܹںϻ壬ɾͻƿ֮
Ȼƿ߶˵ˣҶҲûж˵ʲôƿͻصռ䣬Ͼֻлصռ䣬ôƿʵôǿҲΪ
ȵƿʧ׷ƿ߼ɴ˵Ҷ죬ȻƿѾصĵռ䣬뾡Ϊ
Ҷ죬׷ĸӦƿ߸֮ǰǸͰ׷˵ƿߡ
ʵҶһҲ֪׸ô죬ܹȷ飬ƿѾĵռ䣬һա
ʲôͷȻѾҵĵռ䣬ôʵͨ죬ҲԲӳҵĵռ䡣
ҶĿڣƿû˿ĲţΪǶĵռ䣬һ磬ȫͬڴ½һƬ½
ƿߵʱͺ𾪣ƿߵʵȻڵռ޷ʩչԼʵƿ߶Ҷ˵û˿Ļɡ
ƿѾҵĵռ䣬ΨһҪľǾҵƿߣʱƾҵĿռ˲ͨ˵ԾȳףȻ̲
ƿ߸Ե˵ͷƿȫվŲ˫۾ڵĻ壬ƾԵĻ壬ƿ߾ĻϢ
ҶûгԴվһ߾ĵţʱƿͬʱ˫ۣͬ˵Ȼȡ
ȣ
Ҷһ½ϾȻôһطƺܹ룬׷ƿ˵Ǵ½һأ˵ƿ½սһ꣬ûзֳʤֻƽ뿪
׷ƿ˵ֻ꣬ƿ߼˵ƿ뿪֮ʣһźӣ˵ֻҪܹõӣҽôܹ׳ɾͺƿ֮
˻Ҷ쵹ЩȣӣȻƿ߲˳ɾͺƿ֮ΪʲôҪºӣǸ˳Ϊƿ߻ᡣ


909 
Ȼ֪ƿ߾ȣҶû˿ɣ漴ƿҶһȸȥ
һ·֮ϣ˭Ҳûٽ뵤ռ䣬ƿҲûٳ֪ΪʲôƿߵʵҶֲõԤС
ƿߵĸӦȵλľͷռֻһ֮㰴ƿߵٶȣҲҪһµʱ䡣
һµʱƿڳںԼĻ壬Ҳָ˻ƿߵʵҲʱҶ콫ƿߴӵռͷų
֪ƿ߽׼ȥδ
Ҷ׼ƿֵ߳ģɵʱҶȴεķ֣ĵռȻ޷ɱƿߡ
һ֣ҶʵһΪԼĵռžԵţҶţƿ߽Լĵռ䣬ҪԼա
һ̣ƿ߶ĵռƺһ㣬ΨһҶеɵǣȻƿĵռ䣬Ҫڵռڶƺܡ
ʲôطҲȥҸһȡƿû˿Ҫ뿪˼ûпߵƿһۡ
ƿ֪䣬˶ûие˿ȣϾƿҲԼĻӦĴڡ
ûа취˼ƿ߶˵ˣôԸ⣬ҲܾܾҶ˵һ£ϣܹʵشҡ
ʰɡ
Ǵﶼƿߣֻ֪㵽˭
룬Ҷ컹˵Լ룬ΪǰӵǺˣɲһλ֪ĳǿһֱԼߣһΣա
׷ƿ߻ֻƿߣƿ߶տڲԣȻΪ֮ʵǿɴʱȴ˵ʲô
Ѿ֪ˣҵȷƿߣʵѾ³ҵݣһֺαǰء
Ҷ죬֪˭ƿߵĻֻƿ׷ƿҲ𾪣ʵ벻ͨϳƿ֮⣬˭ܹںƿߵĻ塣
ȻˣǳˣûƿߣҶĶǰӣտʼȷµ˺ӵݣһֱûиȷ˵ô仰˵˵ݵȷλ
ɱȻǽɱܱµֻҺ֣ô³ģǰ³Լݣ˲ûие˿ȣһƽ֮ɫ
ֻ֪ƿߣǰѾվλƿߣƿȣƿֻ֮ʣƿߺħƿûתɾƿûҪںƿߵĻܣϣ֮ȴ
ƿߡ˵ĶԻֻƿ߶ʱƿôɵҲܻʲô
ͷҶתͷƿߣ˵ǲµĲλǺƿߡ
Ҷ˵֮ٴתͷź˵ȻҲ³ǺƿߣҲ֪λƿеһλ
һƿߣ˾ƿߵƿ߾սһ֮⣬Ҳûеڶ˼ƿߣӲҪ˵֪ƿߵˡ
ҽһ£ǻɣƿѾ䣬ϲƿߣһԸһ£ħƿҲˡ
ȻˣӵĻҶûие˿ľȣϾƿߣ׷ƿߺֻƿѾֻתɹʣµƿߺħƿȴһֱûܹתһ֮⣬ҶҲ벻ΪʲôƿΪûתɹ
ɣһλƿγƺ
ƿߡ
㣬ƿߣҲǴ½ףֻҶеЩ벻ͨǣΪʲôҪںƿߺħƿߵĻ壬ѵƿҲѾ䣬ֻڽƿߵĻ
ȻѾ֪ǰ˾ƿ֮һĻƿߣҶ֪һ̵Ļƿ߸ûлָʵʵ൱һƿߡ
һ̣ҶΪʲôԼĵռزסˣԭƿ֮һԼĵռҲпԭġ
Ҷ쵹ûʲôֻƹߺ׷ƿȴɫ䣬˹Ķź˵μƿߡ


910 ȫ
ƿߵȼϽ߼ƿмƿ֮Ժ蹵ڸ߼ƿǰλмƿֻܹݵ
ͷλмƿߵʺ򣬻ƿֻǵĮĵ˵ͷϾһλƿмƿҲʲô
ǰĺ꣬ƿ˵ɱȻѾ³ҵݣҲҵ㣬ҪҪһæΣ
˵ɡʵҶ뵽Ȼƿ˴Ļǵαװߣôһ£򲻻׽ӽ
ڻƿߵ̬ȣֻƿ߻׷ƿߣ˶û˿⣬Ϊ߼ƿмƿ֮Ĳ졣
һս˫˫תֻأҲһֻˣһûлָ֮죬Գ㻹ûлָƿ֮ұǰҵ
΢΢һ̾ʵҶѾµЩʲôƿߵĻﻹЩķôⶼƿߵ飬£
Ҫ֪ǻƿ߻ƿߣƿ߶ףǵ˭ù
ҶȴԼһ̲ܲӦȻƿûлָʵţ֮󣬻ƿ߱᳹׻ָʵʱ½˭Ķ֡
ҲԸ㣬ƿߵʵ޷ҵƿߣʲô취
뵣ǣҽʱɰ취ҳƿߣʱһҪһԸ
ԼԸƿߣ
˻Ҷλƿ߶һȻȻҶΪѾ˳ƿ֮ʵ֣Ҳһƿ߾սҪ߼ƿΪУײѰ·
ƿߵĻҶ쳹ԼжʵҪ˵ȫǿδƿߵĶ֡
ƺܹµǰ룬ƿĮ˵Ұȳ㸸֮󣬽ʱҵֻؾֻؾΡ
ҶһԸ⣬ջεĵ˵ͷֵҵǣƿѾӦԼȻظס
˿ٳȶȥһ·֮ϣֻƿߺ׷ƿ߶ܿƿߣϾѾ֪˺˵ʵݡ
˴ʱ䣬Ҷɫʱһϲ˵һм£Ҳλƿߣֱ뿪ԭػص˵ռ䡣
ռڣҶǰվ߸ˣֱǾƿߣʣʣħʣҶԣʺͲʡ
ƿǱ֮⣬λƿߵȫǰҲ˵ǰվȫǳƿߡ
Ҷƿߣʣʶҳ϶˿ûлɣʣħʣʶѾ׼Զᱳ
ӽ֮ߴƿߣƿȫҶˣҶƾǿʵڴ½Ϻߡ
ȫˣ
˾ƿ֮⣬λȫԵ˵ͷʱ䲻Ѿȫ֮˳ƿ֮
û뵽һȻҲԳΪƿߣš
ҶԣҲһľϲȻƿֻ֮һ֮ʵȴ֮
˳ΪƿߣҲζҲվʵ۷壬ǰߴƿߣҶĵ˵ͷ
һ֮Ҷ첢ûߴƿ뿪ռ䣬Ƕһ뿪ΪĴ½ѰӿƿߣƿѾȫڳƿ˵
صԭȵλãҶҲûƿ߶ʲô˼ȶȥȾǵλʵڹңԶҪϵҲҪʱ䡣
ƻ迪ʼ٣ҹĻȻûмٸ·ҵһƧĻĽҰ⣬һ𣬲ֻƿߺ׷ƿȴûкһ
ŽߵҶƺһºɻ󣬼Ȼƿ߶ƿߣ˵½ûһǶ˵Ķ֣ΪʲôҪս
Ҷһֱ޷⣬ƿ߻ƿߣƿ߱ǿߣΪʲôҪ໥
ƿߣףܹƿߵĵλɾˣƿ߾ȻһŪתĵز


911 ʦ
һɽݲöȻͬΪƿߣԴǶ˾ϵǶûзֳʤ
һɽݲöҶ΢΢һ̾ԼҲһƿߣôҲԲԼͷϡ
㻹Ҫ೤ʱſԻָʵҶĵһ£Ͼƿ߼ƿȫͬĸ
ֻҪܹõڵĺӤұԳ׻ָƿߵʵû˿ƿֱ˵˳
ĵ˵ͷҶǳ֪һеĹؼȣǻɱѰƿߵ䣬ǵõӤеһȫȡ
һһ⣬˵һսµģ
ʵҶһֱиɻȵǷƿ߾ս£ǰ㣬ôΪʲôֺӤƺһжһ㡣
Ȼǵһսȴ£ȵ֪˲ᳬˣ֮⡣
ȻˣƿߵĻҶѾ֪һжԼ룬һеĹؼȣҲǵ߾սʱ
ɱΪ˸㱨꣬Ҹܣȸʦ˼
ʦƿߵʦ
ƿߵĻҶɫ䣬緭ˣҪ֪ƿߣͬҲס
Ҷû뵽ƿ֮ϻʦƿ߶ѾĴڣôƿߵʦǺ
ƺܹе𺳣˵Ҫȣ˶Ϊǿߣ˭֪ǿĴڣǵʦ𡣡
˼˵ʦôǵʦδ
֪ʦ˼ѾʧˣǵĲ²⣬˼Ӧת򣬲Ǹͽʦת򣬾Ȼ˼ҵ⡣
⣿
Ѿ˵ϣҲ㣬֮ԻתֻأǾսɣҪҵʦתҵʦתôʦͻΣա
΢΢һ̾ȻĻո˵ҶѾ³һЩڻλƿߣ˭ҪԼʦ֣˭Ҳ֪Ͼֻǻһ֮ʡ
ɱôҪľҵʦת
ܾȳҵĸףҿԴӦ㡣
ɫƺЩãҲûж˵ʲôֻܴӦһ˵һֻ϶ѣϾмƿ߼ƿ߸
˶û˵ʲôҶվߵƿ˵ΪʲôϢ
ͷһԶĺˣֻƿЩн˵Ҷ죬Ǹո˵ʲô
ںƿߣ׷ƿ߻ֻƿߣжЩ棬Ȼﶼ֪֮λƿߣʼûмλƿߡ
ҶҲû˿ոջ˵Ļһһʮȫλƿߣ֮ƿɫͬ䣬ΪҲʵû뵽ƿ֮ϾȻʦڡ
Ҷ죬Ļƿ˵֮мֿţ
֪ҿԿ϶һеĹؼӦȣ˼סʱȣһв⣬صҵĵռ䣬ֻҪҵĵռ䣬žƿ߶ܰô
׷ƿ߻ֻƿߣƿ߶ǸԵ˵ͷΪﶼȻǻƿߣȴ֪֮ƿȽʲô
ƿû˿ĳȫ˵ͷΪ֪ƿߣΨһĳ·ֻܶǰĵռڣǵĽ治˵
Ҷ죬֪ΪʲôǾûпȥǰ򵥣Ҳһõĺ֮ʲôطûȥƫƫȥȣ¿ܹ졣
ͷ׷ƿߵĻҶ᲻֪Ϊʵ̫ˣƺһжȰźõһ
֪Ƚ뵤ռ䣬ʣµ졣
СûеҶѻ˵꣬׷ƿɫ˲ת䣬Щõ˵Ҷ죬ǲǲҰ㵱ѣ
Ҳ˼
Ǻ⣿ֻƿ߻˵ʲô׷ƿһݺݵĵ˻ȥ


912 
ԼߵӣҶһж֮ǰһֱΪ֮˰ȫΪ˵ԼһҶ֪ѡ
һҹעһҹҶ컹ƿ߶ûߣﶼʲôܿ죬峿ĸ¶ʼ١
û˿ͣȶȥڴڼ䣬Ҷһʱͻصռ뼸λ֪졣
֪֮УѾı߼ʣһ׵ĺɫȵףǰһңд֡
ǰĺɫȣҶ緭ˣ֪ΪʲôƺһʶĸоĿǰȣҶһƺ˷˴һ㡣
Ҷľٶλƿ߶һĲ죬ǲ֪ߵһ̷ʲô飬ƿȴûд꣬Ǿĵȴš
֪֮УҶڵĺ֮ת˲֪£ڵϢҶ϶ȻʼҶڡ
Ҷ컺˫ۣʼڵϢȵЩϢ֮󣬿ʼںϵռڡ
ںȵϢȻռڿȥκθı䣬Ҷȴ֪ĵռѾɳ״̬
Ҳһ̣Ҷ˰ٷ֮ٵţǻƿ߽ĵռ䣬֮ǰǰԼĵռ䡣
ںȵϢںҹҹ֮ڣҶû˫ۣռɳռ״̬Ϊٴ˻ƿ֮λ
ڵ峿Ҷڻ˫ۣû¶˿Ϊߵ֪ԼһС
Ҷ죬û°ɣ
ƿ߲ɵϣҹƺʲôһ㣬ûʲô鷢ƿ߶š
ҡҡͷҶ첢ûнͣ˵λǷܵƿߵϢںδ
ȻԼΪѾ˻ƿ֮ɱϾûںħƿߵĻ壬ԸܸӦƿߵϢ
ȵϢڹ죬ǸܸӦϢҿԿ϶ڣھλò֪
׷ƿߵĻҶ΢΢һ̾һߵĺˣҲǻƿߣʵƿԡ
Թʦֶδܹ̽ȣֻܽѰ
ƿߵλʦҶͶأΪƿߵʦһǿߡ
ûе˽ȣԶһӣüӥǣ촽һɫƮһɷǵĸо
ӻ֪ΪʲôҶϸܵһ˿͸ĸоһҶǳױˡ
Ҫ֪ΪѾﵽ˻ƿ֮λ⣬˲ӹ˫ۣ˷ֱƿߺƿߵʦ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾ³Լ˻ӵݣƿһƿ֮⣬Ҳ벻ڶˡ
û뵽ת֮죬ȻΪ˻ƿ֮ĻΪӰӣʵڹ̡
ȻӵĻҶ죬ֻ׷ҲѾ³ӵݣû˿ɣƿ߹ĳ˵ݼƿߡ
ĵ˵ͷƿƺЩȵ˵ǾȻҲȣƿ߶Ҫʧˣǿɱ̾
ӵĻҶƿﶼһɵҲӻе˼Ҳһ̣˻εжаš
Ҷ죬Ҫ̸ܲܽ뵤ռ˵
һƿߣҶ˵˼е˽Ҫģȵȳ˵֮Ҷƿ˲뿪ԭأص˵ռ䡣
ȫк£
Ҷ죬ѵûп¸ƿ֮Ķǵʵ뵽ƿ֮ĶȥӦñ
ȫ˼ǣ
ƿ֮ĶҶ᲻µô죬ѵʹȥôҶţպ󲻹ǻƿ߻ƿߣֻҪǾͻ֣Ҫһĸ׻ȴڡ
ԲôҵֻҪȳԼĸףôһжĲһʱҲ޺֮ǡ


913 ת
Ҷ죬ԵĻòҪȡ
ȻʵҶһʱѾ³ȫ˼ϾƿȫۼȣҪǲĻֱһ׾ٵ顣
ΪԼĸףҶ޲õһʱ뿪ȣȻΪѾﵽмƿߣ߼ƿȽЩ
Ҫһ£ƿߵʦȣǸһ֪ȣǺԤϡ
Ҷ죬׷˵ĺܶԣȻȣҪҵ̸ף硭
ûеֻƿ˵꣬ҶɫѾת䣬̫˵˵ֻأ˼ǲҲӦþȳԼĸף
ǰֻƿߣҶһֱ˳ۣԼһֶԸʱ֣˵ͱֻƿߴӱˡ
˵ʵڵģǿ׷ƿߵϣ˵ԼΪмƿߵʱ򣬾ѾֻɱֻƿˣҶޱȵţڵʵԻɱֻƿߡ
ֻƿߵĻ׷ƿߵɫ˲ת䣬ЩĮ˵ֻأܷʲô飬ҶҶȳĸף㲻ԸȣǾ͸Ͽ뿪ɡ
˻ֻƿߵɫ䣬һŵĿӣ޶ޱȣûڣΪһҶ죬׷Ȼ˵
ֻƿκ˵Ļᣬ׷ƿתҶ˵Ҷ죬ھͽֻطųռ䣬Ȼȥ
׷㵽Ǻ⣿ֻƿߵɫѾ˼㣬κ˵ĻᣬҶֱӽֻƿͳ˵ռ䣬ǰ׷ƿ˵ϣܹĺ⡣
Ҷ׷ƿ֮ȫΪֻƿǣϾ֮˭Ҳ֪
Ҷ죬֪ӦҵĿģ߰ɣλƿߵ̫ˣǻġ
ͷҶûٶʲôǴ׷ƿһ뿪˵ռ䣬˳ƿҲûжʲôһҶ죬˵Ҹո˸ܣλƿߣΪ׶ݶսթǧҪСĴˡ
ڻƿߵڮ٣ƿ߲û˿ķŭȻһƽƺӻƿһ㣬Į˵ǽɱ½ΨһһԼʵ˻ƿ֮ĺ˲𡣡
ƿ߹ˣҵɾʵǲҳݡƿ߿ԼΪҶûие˿⡣
Ҫ˵ƿߣ׷ƿߺͻƿ߶ޱȣϾֻƿߣں˻壬ƿ֮⣬Ҳûһ˿Գɾͻƿ֮
㣬ȣǲΪҵʦ𣿡
ѵͲΪʦ𣿡
ƿߵĻҶжʱһɵҲƿ߻е˼ˣƺµеɻƿ˵ѵûнһиǣ
Ҷ컹׷ƿߣ˶˵ͷƿֻǸҶ죬ǵʦʣµһжûи߹
ûϵȻʱ仹磬һиǣǶ˵ʦÿʮ꣬ʦ𶼻תʮǰʦʼһǧεת򣬲ʦת֮ǰ˵ʮ֮칷ʳ֮ʱֻҪıԴȻú֮ͨԴ֮ʱʦ
Ҷ컹׷ƿߣ˭Ҳû˵һǧεʮǶ೤ʱ䣬ƿߵʦг˺棬Ϊƿ֮⣬һ֪
㣬㽫¸ǣѵͲʦ
Ļ֪ΪʲôҶֲõԤУƺ𲢲濴ȥǰ㣬ƿԸǣ
¶һ˿Ц˵ʦѵҲ֪ΪʲôҪתΪʲôҪȣʦˣʦת֮һнңأվȻȣΪ˵õʦıԴҪȡʦλ𡣡
ҾǸеƽҶʦµӣΪʲôʦȫ㣬ԴʦҶΪͽʮתʦȻÿζΪʲôңѵҲĵӡ
ƺЩĻƿߣƿ΢΢̾Ϣһ˵ʦܣӦ֪ʦ𲢲ôģ֮ʦתҲܴ治ȻںʦıԴԵʦ𣿡
ںôʦת֮У칷ʳջһµʱ䣬ֻҪҽʦıԴںϣʱ֮˭ܹҺΣ
ƿߵĻҶѾ֪ʼĩҪʦȴ룬ҪԼںʦıԴȡ֮
¶˵˭Ӯ˶飬ֻҪԼоȳףôҶѾϴļֵ뿪ȻҸƧĵطӡ
ȣͲóѣȰ㻹İɡεĿһ۲ԶĻƿߣƿҲûж˵ʲôǳǰ֮ڶȥܿѾʧ⡣
Ҷ죬һѾֻһ䣬֮䣬ѡ˭ûȥƿߣƿתͷߵĺ꣬Įʵ
ƿԼҶҲһ֮ɫΪǰƿ߻ǰƿߣյĽ˵ǿ֪ġ
֮ĶҲȥȵĿֻȳҵĸףȳ֮һ뿪ȣӴҲ¡
ƺѲµ˵ƿϲû˿Į˵ȻˣҲǿѣô˵㶼һΪ˱ľ֮һȳĸף߰ɣǽȡ
ͷȻƿ˵ҶԲѡŻƿߣϾǰ֮ҶЩνƿʧȥġ
ŲǰȶȥܿûȣڵϢҶûмҶܹĸܵڵϢҪڵĺ֮ǿĶࡣ
Ҫ֪ӵеĺ֮ΪǿĴڣƿյ֮мƿյǻ֮ڸ߼ƿյǺ֮֮ѾΪǿҶʵ벻仹ʲôܹԽ֮
ƺеɻ󣬻͵ôС֣䲢Ǻ֮ǿģǿӦʦӵеȱǴʦ


914 ֮
Ȼˣոսȵĵһʱ䣬ҶѾ뵽ϾܹȺ֮ǿҲֻǵʦˡ
Ⱥ󣬵ɿֲϢҶеЩȵǣڵϢȴա
Ҷ죬ǽڵϢգ˵Ƿԡ
׷ƿߵĻûеҶ˵һߵĻƿ˵ڵֱҪˣҪ˵㣬ҲܹĻôȫԳɾʦʵ
ƿߵĻҶջƿߵ˼ûһ˿ڵϢΪƿҲͬС
ƫƫԼȴܹڵϢôһ£Ҷ첻ɵӣܹ飬ûжκ˵Ϊ¹ڷ˼ƿ֪Լܹڵٷ֮ٻ
Ҫ֪ڵƿߵʦ˶޷գԼܹգƿһԸ⡣
Ҷ죬ڻǸϿҵҪûмȥ׷ƿתʵ˻Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ȺҪҵ̸ףа취
ƿߵɫҲЩѿ˵򲻿ܸı䣬õ֮Ҳܳɾͺƿ֮һܡ
ʲôܡƿߵĻҶ׷ƿͬʱʵҪֻ֪ƿߣûһܹɾͺƿ֮
Ҫɾͺƿ֮ӵк֮⣬ȣҵӤȻ󳹵ںϣԳɾͺƿ֮
ȵжӤҶʵ޷󣬼Ȼƿ֪źӤΪʲô̻ٵҪ֪һƿߣǺܲ
˻ƿ¶һ˿Σ˵ܹӤȵʱ򣬵ʦתʱڷźӤҲܻٵӤ
ȻˣҲ˵ҲܵõڵĺӤ
һʦ»ڵźӤԵˣǲԵˣҲ֪
ͷҶûڶʲôϾҲһƿʦ˵ǸԵˣ˼ڲȥԽɿֲԽǿ
ʱҶɫʱһϲЩٵ˵Ѿ䣬ȫ
Ҳȥ
ˡ˵֮Ҷܻƿߵɫ׷ƿ߿ٳǰȥĻƿɫѾѿ˼㡣
ǲΪ˾ʦת֮ʱںȻ߳ƿߣһЦĿŲԶĻƿߡ
㣬ѵ㲻ôΪģƿߵɫ˼㣬ƿ߿˵һ֮һֱ꣬ȫΪΪʦתܹʦת֮ǰõԴôȡ֮
𣬲ҪΪܹӵк֮ʦתһ£ʦתһβתû˹㻹ǲҪˡ
ƿߵĻƿЦЦ֮г˳˵㣬㲻Ҫˣʦת֮ƭңôһҪʦıԴ
ڣ𣿡
㣬ѵһվ
Ϊʦս˵֮ƿ߶û˵ٴչսȵһߣ׷ƿ߿ǰ꣬ʵôһ£
ɫЩأǰ׷ƿߣҶҲû˿˵ٲ뿪ƿһ֣ΪѾоԴӽȺ󣬲ǻƿ߻ƿߣ˵ΪѾȫָҪɱǼֱһ׾ٵ顣
˻׷ƿߵɫҲ䣬ʵҶ죬ƿΪʲôҪ㲻ô˵ȹ
һЦڻƿߣҶ컹Ǻ˽ģ˵ƿѾɣҾǵʦתԾȹһҲŹҡ
ʵҶ˵һ֮Ѿ֪ƿ֮ԸȫΪƿ϶Լǵʦתһ˻
Ҷ²Ҫ˵ǻƿߣǻκһ˶룬Ҫ֪ƿ֮⣬ƿߣҪΪƿߣõڵĺӤɱԵ˵ܹ֮ɾͺƿ֮
ڣûеõںӤ£ΪȻ˺ƿ֮һ֮ģ˵ʲô
ǣҶоԴӽ֮ϵڵΪڲϵҶ컹֪֮ģȻոһ˲˺ƿ֮ƺƿȽе㲻ģŻѡ뿪ƿߡ
ȫҲ㣬ҵΪѾ˺ƿ֮Ų֮ҵʵȫ׷ƿߣڴڼ䣬ǻǾ㿪ƿߡ
ǰĻ׷ƿ߳סˣһϳ𺳣ƺԸһ㣬ʵҶ죬˼˵ѾΪ˺ƿߣ
ͷ׷ƿ񲻸ţΪո֮ʱ껹ֻǻƿߣգʱ䣬Ȼӻƿ˺ƿߣԿ϶겢ûеõӤ
Ѿɾͺƿߣ㻹ǻصռ䣬Ҳ޹ǵķһ
׷ƿ߲û˿дʡΪʵȷﲻʲôæˣĻôֻΪ׸
Ҷ죬ҪСģҪס㻹мˣ˺ֵܡ
İɡ׷ƿߵļҶ׷ƿͻصռ䣬һŪ֮Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣΪոյȷǸӦ˸׵Ϣ
Ҷ첢ûзȥƿ֮սΪ֮ĶԹ飬ֻҪ쵽ȳԼĸףҶѾԼ뿪ż뿪ȣӴ֮ٹʴ½ϵκ飬ӴҸƧĵطӡ
ƿѡĵطΣҶƾԼ׵һ˿ѪӦҵ䣬ҶҲûдĵȥѰϾĸ׻һһ˼׵Ͳˡ
ԼϢҶ֪ԼһУݾߣʱ˷֮ģʱҪȳ׿¾ûôˡ


915 ˵İΣ
ܹܵ׵˼ϢҶٳһȥ˲һʱ䣬ҶһϲΪڲԶһʯϣھʯš
ûҶ쵤ռͨҲΪ˻ǰȲҵҶ޵һֱߡ
ǿеɱҶûͷųһ˿ϢΪ͸ֻ֮аԼ˿᲻롣
һͻȻһ䣬Ҷʹռ˲ֱͨʧԭأգʱ䣬ߵҶ޵ʧӰ١
ںڱѪȻ˫ۣźȻʧԼߵҶ޵Уɫ䣬㲻Ҳ֪˭־Ҷ޵УЩĮ˵ɱȻˣͳɡ
ûڼȥѾȳȥԼĸףҶѾ޺֮ǣһ̵ΪҲѾͻƺƿ֮˵ԼҪɱһ׾ٵ顣
ҶӰʱǰǰҶĮ˵㵱ֻ࣬һ䣬ɹ𣿡
ɫЩȻõ֮ȴûеõӤԲںϣյĽ֪˵ߣҿԻɱ㣬ͬԡ
Ȼûгɾͺƿ֮ѻָʵΪʵû֮ҪɱǰҲǴ´ࡣ
û˿ĳɣûһƿߣôûɱĻᣬˣֲϢֱǰ꣬׼һС
ǻûе֣ɫȻ䣬ΪǰϺȻһɱӿֲϢ֮һ̣ȫɵˣȻҲͬӵź֮ΪֻǴﵽ˳ƿ֮ڣǰ꣬Ѿﵽ˺ƿ֮
Ѿﵽ˺ƿߣȻ֪ǰĵȷȷǴﵽ˺ƿߣȻԸš
мƿ߼ƿ֮Ĳൽжһӵƿߺƿߣ֮һԽĺ蹵
˵ƿҪɱһƿߣͲһ̫ѵ飬ûǰ֮콫Ϊƿ֮
ڣҶҲûдȥ˵˵ûҵȷѾﵽ˺ƿߣԽҲ֮ա
ĻƿߺȻЦЦ֮г˳֮飬ոյıȫͬ
Цʲô
ǰЦľȻ޳ҶкȻһֲõԤУΪﵽƿ֮Ҷ֪ԼԤһ㶼Ӧ顣
Ц̫֪һ£ңñ׵ó𣿡
㵽׺⣿
¸㣬ոȻĸףǲ£ĸױضȫöΪѾԼıѪΪѪǿй뵽ڡ
ƿߵĻҶжʱһȻΪѾﵽ˺ƿ֮ǶһƿߵıѪΪѪǿйһͨȴû˿취
ƿ˵ǰ㣬Լո̫żˣȻҪԸвôһ׵óѡ
ƺ뵽ʲôҶɫѾ˼ɵиѾ˹ȵףһһʵ죬㽫ҵļ˻ңǲҲѪǿй뵽ǵڣ
ܴɱҪΪԼΪѾ˺ƿͿҵͷϣҸ룬ʱ㣬£ļ˾ͻȫ뿪㣬ʱʵôǿΣǹ¼ҹһ
Ҳү
ʵ޿̣Ҷڱ˴ֿڣȻǽɱתΪ˺ƿ֮ɶԼļˣҶһֱӡ
˵ΪļˣҶԺԥȥڻһ£ҶƿΪʲô׽˻
£໹аµʱ䣬ҪӴʧȥԼеļֵܣǶôһʹ顣
Ҷ֪ԼʧȥˣӲʧȥѣ˵Լʵǿкá
ûж˵ʲôҶӰֱʧԭأȻ˵Ҳֻһ֮ʣһŪ飬ֻԼһô죬Ҷ컹Ǿȷһ¡
صռ䣬Ҷ콫ȫټǰǰ꣬Ҷ޵Щο˵Ϊĺöӡ
Ҷ޵еĻҶЦˣԵЦˣСԼһֱŷñӣĵ۹Լʦ˵Ȼһĵ۹ķ


916 ӡ
Щ˸Уһ뵽ԼλʦҶоʹô˵ûʦÿȻʦŻʦȴԶ뿪Լ
ҶﰵԷģպʲô룬ԼļκʧһҲԡ
ףҰǼһ塣
Ҳ˶һ䣬Ҷ쿪ʼԼǰļˣÿһûзŹΪѾﵽƿ֮һ˲䣬ҶѾԼļ˵ĵȷȷѪ
ҶɫҪѿжѿϾΪѾﵽƿߣɶѪȴû˿İ취
׷ʲô飿Ҷ޵˲ɵϣܹǰϵĵǣҶ޵ʵﲻ˿æ
ûʲô飬ȥϢȥȥ˵֮ҶҲûٶ˵ʲôϾˣҲûܹ
뿪ռ䣬û뿪ԭأЩ˵ôûУˣú̸̸
к㲻˵Ҷ֮ҪץסİѱȻˣʹʹ졣
Ц˵ҵܼ򵥣ֻҪҽΪƿ֮ұӦڵѪΣ
ȻʵҶ뵽֮ΪľʹԼΪﵽƿ֮ӦҲû˿취
Ҫֻ֪λƿߣȻƿߵʦ˺Ӥ˭ܹõ
ԼΪôĺƿߣҶԼ֪ոڣһ˲ΪѾ˺ƿߡ
һ㣬ˡΪҶҲû˿˻û˿ľȣ˵֪Ų񽣣ʵԿƿӡõӤ
˻Ҷɫһ䣬ʵô֪źӤ
ҶкӤ飬½ƿ֮⣬Ҳ޵ڶ֪ԼҲǸոƿ˵
һ㲻ʣֻ˵ӦǲӦ
ԡҶû˿ԥӦΪһܲӦϾԼ˵š
ǰӦĵ˵ͷ˵һ㳯ȥЩ䣬漴ҶҲȥ
û߳ͬʱͣ½Ųȫ̧ͷΪƿ
ɵ޺޵һ䣬Щתͷһ꣬ͬһ£żǰ
ЩĿһǰΪԼļˣѳֽɱĻȵڡ
ܿ죬Ҷһǰм֮ߣӵϿһ򲻵ͷͺһֱͨ˾֮һ㡣
ǷӡӤĵطֻҪòƿϣʱҵõӤȻļ˽Ѫ
Ҷ첢û֣ϸϸǰϣ֪Դӵʶĸо
ҶȫȷԼûȣûмǰϣԽǰϣԽ졣
ôˣΪʲô֣ǰϣЩɴϾܹƿӡͿԵõӤôΪƿ֮
ȵȣڹ۲죬ΪƿϵõӤǲǣЩĿһҶΪǲӽˮˡ
Ҫ֪ǰܹƿƿ߶ԣƿߵʦƿߵʦҪȵһ֮칷ʳա
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