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ˣүܵشΣգһתϢգͿԻָˡ
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ҶϽҡҡԴⲻʵʵͷģôϴԿ϶ǰԼĵܵܣҶ㣡
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ڰ ѵ
Ҳлģ֮飬Ҷձػᱨ𣡡½ıӰҶһ仰ҡ壬תȥ
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һֹ֣סĻҶʧıӰϾȻ¶һ˿Цݣ˼ˣǷҵ飬Ҫʲôʽأ
ֿ½ֵԶȥıӰ¶һ˿ЦҿеŮҲȾָǻòͷˣó̫࣡
ҶصֱӽӴƿеһԪС
ڵɲǣҩȻȵĸһסҶ壬ϥҵĵϣźɫĹâĵΪȶһ˿˿ѷ졣
ʱҶеԼ·¯֮Уڵˮֲڶĺˮͣĵ䣬գۼͽʪֱ
һ㵭ˮҶٴα
Ҷɫƺҩʮʹ࣬һĻҶλϺͶϵĽ㴦˳ʹ󣬺Ȼѿ
Ҷճɻҽ屩¶ڿУϾͱ³ȵĻ֡
Ҷҵҳܲסµĺ濾ֵѷ죬ɫĹâҩһ¶һΡ
½ҵĻԪҩҩͨĵҩһʳ֮þԪ߷ͿԱԪȴҪ߷
¶ԽߣҩЧ̶ȱʳգﵽһǧ϶ȣҩ̶ȵıǸʱǷʱ
ҪõͬҪԸ̶ȵʹ࣬һǧٶȵĸ£һһҶ˵ȷǷǳ⡣
ʱҶӵ˵ͨҶѾؼңֱӽ첽˹ȴɫĹâӽ¶Ȼߡ
ٶȿȥʱһ
ףܾܵȻ½ҵĻԪûͬʱˮӯҶΪҶҵʥ̥Ȼ֪˳ȵĸ´߷˵Ǳܵĵҩ½ҵĻԪ
ֻ½ҵ˿ɲ˴ʹ࣬ˮӯ˾ҵʹ࣬ȻǷˮӯͿһݣʧɵҩ
ҶĿ¶һ˿ۻһ˿ο⼸飬оõܵĳˡ
ԲܷԲܰ;ϣΪĸףΪ˽㣬ΪԼδҪסԲܷ
Ҷ岻ϲҧ˿˿Ѫ촽ϵ䣬ϾͱȵĸͫĹâ
ܿ죬̫ɽҶ͸źɫĹâļϲл֣촽Ұ׸ѣûһ˿ѪɫɳĮϾþߵߡ
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Ҷ忪ʼͣĲҵʹͣĳ񾭣ȵĸƺҪڻ塣
ߣһƺߣһѪ͵ȵĻ汬ޣһɫĹâһΪʻϺͶС
䣡һ죬ľˮɵҶڳܲסµʴһ죬ͻȻ
Ȼм׷ɵɲǣҶͻȻ֣һֻ޴ڿչ֣ҵʯмȫץסԷҶϣҶ߻ħ
һ죬ѾҶֵΧۣǿҶڳһǧٶȵĸ¶һʱȫ¶Ĺâ
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Ҷ㼸ʱһ֮룬ҶƤڣҶҪס
Դ飡
ؼʱ̣ҶԴ龹ȻЧڲӰҩʱ򣬰Ҷȹѹأ
ʱҶѾɫҺ壬Ǻɫųζ۹
ϴ裡
Ҷҵǿ߾ĿҶ㣬ԪΪ⣬һشãǷϴ裡
ǣ½Ҷŵĵҩ֮ˣǧȴûһܹﵽϴĳ̶ȣһ㣬㹻Ҷ԰ˡ
Ȼи־ǣҶûԪȻһʹжûУѵѾʹʧˣ
Ȼǣ
һֻ̾˵Դеİ
Ҷ罽ͨ죬¶Ⱦ֮
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ȵҶϱȵĸ½ͣǳȵѾʧǱҶգĻ֮У
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һ쾹Ȼܱǿ½ҵĻԪȻûдʹͻƣǹ̥Ҷֳһ̥Ҷõ߲ΡΡĿڵĿ¶һ˿ο
Ҷ㸸ҶҶҸ߲ԶʹǸͻ쾳ʥ̥Ȼͽ
ȮӣҶͼȫϣӭȴʧ
ҶֵӣλǸݣΪ쳣ǿҶ졣
ۣȿȡҶһ˿֮͵һѪҵĿ
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Ҫǿ֣֣һǿģҶͺţڵľԪʮҪıܡ
һȦٶֻƽʱڶȦʼʱٶȻ½һԪ֮ŵļ죬ֵòõĲ䡣
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ܣܣܰҪֲźҪ̤۷壬еѶΪҵĵʯҶţǱٴαٶƾյľȻ0.5
ȦҶĿͨ죬ԪɺԵĺϣ첲ϣ޵еѾϣѪ˳



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Ȧסڼ֮УǱܲҶ㲻ϸԼӴѹھ֮УԼǱܡ
һѹԼǱܵķ
ʱҶ첲ϵľ·Ҫѳųһ㡣
ҶվڲԶ죬¶֮⣬һǰҶ˼ⶨģҶԡ
ʹ죬Ȧ˭ҲסңҶЦھ֮УǱܲͣıǣûͻƵ޶֮
Ҷ۾Ѫڳܲס޴ѹ鿪ѪɽҶĿǰ׷Ǳܵͻƣ˺˿ע
ͣǼѪܱ飬ͬʱҶĵһѵѪܾȻʼϣ
ǵģԳٶţ
ҶڰȦʱѾѪʮ岻ظĸѾһٽ㣬Ҷٿȥôͻ౬ѵΣա
𣡡ҶһͷҰޣòдľԪס࣬ǵĲıüᶨÿһʯǳǳĽӡ
أҶס죬ҪǰֹסҶ㣬ҶļᶨâֹܵܵԸ񣬼ͲΡ
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Ƴסŵذ壬ֱ۵֧£һΪ
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⾭ͳ̶ԽǿҶٶҲԽ죬Σյ˲Ķܡ
Ҷ¶һ˿΢ЦһľԽСĺôԽǲ֤һ㡣
˲ãͻ˯˹ȥ
ԪķϴĲͬ죡ĻܱǰҪǿʮֹҷٶȻԶ˵ĹЧ׬ˣţһһҪýҲһţ˯һСʱҶƾȻȬˣ
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УҶͺһʱѾСʱսԼļޣҪĥ־
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飡飡
ѪΪ⽩ӲѪ飬ҶɿȻļš
ټʮӣһеĿѶɣҶȫˣҶŭһһģۺͷϵˮ뾹ȻûеһˮΣ
ͨ
СʱҶڼֲסһԵڵϣҺõˮ뱻Ҷƾץס
ֳһЦݣڵѾʧȥʶţһΣܼСʱʮӣ
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ҶʶĻشеĶɣưȫǴף˵絽棬ͭǮû
Ҷü͹һ۾ߣȴûһ˿ͽͭǮ֮ϣ
һӣӣСʱͰҪȫӷ׵͹ûиĸСʱɣ仹͹ڶ̡
ҶҲ˵ԼɣݼᶨԺһǿᲢˡ
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ĽŲԽԽԽԽҶÿһÿζʱ򣬵ĵȴҲ㲻
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Ҷ¶һ˿ϲҶ㾹ȻΣʱͻˣڴѾõ޶죡еٶȴ˿ѸټɣѾӭͷ¡



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ƣҶͻȻһľԪĵԴԴΪҶṩھԪȡʤأʱҶͻ֮ľԪȻǰ˲ʮ
Ҳ˵ľԪԺضǿᲢۣ
䣡һ죬ĵӰһȭƣѾɵĵǱһ漴б顣
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ڱը˲䣬貵ĹâһľŰռ䡣
Ҷɫһ䣬ֲͣĲɫòҰףھԪľ޴ʮԣȴȻҶȭȥûоɥ쳣˷ܡ
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ڼ򵥴ð޳ʬ֮ڰ޳Ĵ䣬첽߻Ҷûлؼңǲɽ˼¡



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˼֮ԳΪҶҹѺطļΪ˼ֹ
Ϊ߾Ȼ¹˵ȥĲһšʵˡ
ҹʱڤͷ񣬲ʱͻܳһĹ𣬶һŰɫħȺħ裬ҶӵһҪʳˡ
ҶҼտʼҲаץιÿһζֻƳӰӣԹıʱླΪҲǡĶ֣
ΣҶҲͷǰ˼޽һѺط˼ߣҶͨӵܶڡ
ٶҶϤһչѺ˼µʱЩɻ󣬾յļԷٶһ̵ʶ
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˵ҽ˼£һҶı֮΢һһͷ߳Ҷǰ
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Ҷ֪ҶɣڻҶ飬ǷҶ˶ȥˣҶ粻ҶգҶ㱻壬˭վΪҶ˵һ乫
˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҷ㻹֪ġ
ŶǰĶӰûз˼¸ʲôҶɣ˸Ĺâɿ͸ڵҶ㡣
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ЩʲôϷڣЩԶҲܳ˼£ҶɣоâȻߴ࣬Ȼһ򵱹Ī֮ơ
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٣Сӣ㲻֪黹أҶɣٴαţϵȻɢȥһжûзһ
ҶĿתڵ棬ûƲ˼з׽˼»ָǰǬ
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˵ֶͿԣҶɣһ㶣˼°ĹﾹȻҪ۵Һܽػ˼µִ
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ҶһҺ͵ıһɫҺڿγһĻҶ㾫Ԫ£ҺһǽһƺҶһ

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ҶɣһĻһʧɫںڶеЩħͷ۲ѣΪЩڣζÿһΣǿ
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Ҷһ뵽Դ龹Ȼǿã
ʱޱǿĹѾֿµĹǧļ룬Ȼ·ûһ޵ȫλĽҶס޿ɱܡ
ƣǵصĹƣҶȻ壬Һٴγһǽ壬ҿҺγɵǽԼٶƽһ·ȥֱӺ͹Ժһ
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Ȼһƥĵâ£ֱҶͷ­ƺҪһ롣
ĹâȻҶĴȳľԪһ㣬ȵĸ˲ﵽ۵㣡

ںͻʱ̶ᷢǵ滯ɵĵâѤñʱȴúҶĻԺ䵽һ
䣡䣡
ɽʼҵĻζЩСĹﾡǾ壬
Ҷ󿪴ϣȭʤκɫĹâųȵĻ棬ƿƺҪռ˺ѡ
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ħڿħҶԺ䣬ǳ嵽Ҷǰһѡս

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һ˶ıƿͷγɣǷӡ˸ͣһ˸âڱƿϺ
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ҶѾһ˿˿ѪĽŲͣĳǰƶδ߷ԪɢȴԶԶԿⱦƿӡ
ⱦƿӡѵڽռ䣿ΪʲôƾҵľԪ޷ѿѵеӰĳʵ壿
ͷҶŤԹĽǶתѿƿӡ˼ΣƿӡƺѾܵĿռ䳹סˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬С³ʣһķȻ𣬷Ľâͷ䣬г޾ʶѾҶ޿ɱܣ
âգǿд߶ԪҪնƿӡ޶ȵķˣ
ܣ̫ˣС¶һ˿óѵЦݣͻȻſƿӡƿӡҪйս֮ˡ
ս֮˸еһɾϮҪ֮ʱȻּȻˣ
ɲâ䣬޾ȫӳֵҶϣ
飡ڷſƿӡɲǣҶ㵶ն䣬ٶȺˣƿСϮǰ0.1Ĺ
Ҷٶٿ죬ܿǱȽâҪһ޿ɱܣ
壬еԼΪƺܵԪʴٻھ֮УɫĹâȻͬʱһ߳Ҷϡ
ۣһѪ˳Ҷ𾪵ĿС£Ȼľ֮ӵ쾡£Ԫ̺žԪлһ˿ƿӡӣ
һĻйȫˣСȷ˵޳ܣһĸ׵ĽǶȣ˶ȣһʲôأ
Ҷ㣬ѾҵĶŰٻʱضѪฯöǶĶĶĳѾ˰ɣ
ӣΪ㱨ˣİɣһҶıһǧһ򱶣С޼ɵĴЦš
ʱҶ㶸Ȼѣԭľ֮ûж֮ǰġ䡱ںϵһ𣬾Ȼܻһ־綾֮ҩ
ҲòСµ˼ܣﵽĿĲֶΡ
ߣΪ⹷ƨٻȡҶС£㲻ΪҲ㶺˰ɣҶЦԼ״Ĳֹۡ
ѼӣӲ㲻ʱ䣬ֻĸ죡СµͻȻųЦݡ
¶ЦݣҶ㣬İɣҲĻȪ·ϹĹµģϣ㣬ĸ׾ͻȥ㣡
ˣ˸㣬ҲȥģҶǰϲΪĸףһҶ飬ǵģڤ飡֮ǰһҶͷ­Ҷӷǰ룡һ㰹ϴҶӵķĹ
һĥ˫ĿȥĶ䣬ͷն֫װһ̳̷ܾҶ㣬˵뷨ǲǺ
Сһʤߵ̬ڿвͣıȻ󽣷һָҶϺҶķ
Ϊܵó𣿡ʱҶ㾹ȻվϾЦɱȻСѾŭ
ҶµĲԼǼˣһĸ׺ͽиʲô⣬ʲô壡
˭ֻҪ˺˵һëԲöԷϣ



ʮ ޳ܵС££
Ȼ䣬һĸоǰ뵤ɢ澭Ѩϣдеİٻǣ
Һήһ£ǼӴܣ
Ȼǹĸоһֻ͵ҰޣһӽҺɣҶڵľٴͨɫĹâ𣬾Ԫڵĳ޷ԶĿС£
ôܣûжС´ʧɫȻҶڵܣһ涼۷״̬жӣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ȻЦݣڵ˵ٻǹƨҩǣѾɹŭˣ㲻Ǻھ
СµɫüΪʣĲ߻һĻûгŰɱҶĻ棬ԷһûеվΪ
ʼģɽİٻαˣ
ûжҲѲһˣľ֮㣡С´һ͵ӣӱһɫĹâ֮ĳۡ
ھԪĴ߶£âһ壬ɫâȻϢӿҶǰʱȴͻȻ
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Ҷ㽫־ѧַ뵶֮УһʱյϢ貵ĵâһѤöĿĺ⣬ƺҪĽһ¡
޾ʯмҵʱ򣬷׷׻Ϊʯм飬̨Ǳ˿˿ѷ죬۶¥ǧĹ¥òͣζ
ǿ߶սܱʵǲУ
ǸҶǿ󣬽޶죬Ȼܹǿ߾ս˿¶ܼ
ǰ˵ҶǰǸӵܣһ߶򲻹֪ΪΣһ֮ǰȻɱ½ƣٴγ־Ȼ½ҵ½ɭһ洫Բ鰡
ۣú˧ʵҲǿ֪ľǵŮӣҪûеĻٺ١
䣡䣡
ͨϢȻײһ𣬵â貣ݺᣬཻǿ֮ƣѤõĹâߵչ⳹׸ǹ
ҵһһľˣƺƴ֮УҶСǼΪСģǴеСھǰûз֮ȻнҶСƷɳȥ
٣һսʵҲ޻أС´߶Ԫڰֹ֮סԼΣûһֻ޴ʨͷͷ­ɢŰϢ
ƾ㣬ԶԶʸ񣡡
Ҷֹסεɲǣ嶸Ȼںڵĳ޼᲻ݣԴݹУٳһȥ·գ֮䣬ͳСµǰ
ạ̃СµϴЦݣԪ͵ע볤֮ϣɭȻʨͷõĲ䣬ͻȻҶֱ
֣ɱҡһɽٽʨͷɲǺȻ
޴ʨͷ֮ϷɫâԴԴĲĲ㣬ֱɲǣʨͷ͵ſ޿ڡ
ȰõĲƷ
Ҷеĳ󿪴ϣƥĹâһĻ汻ЩСķסˡ
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ôܣȻ𣡡ʱļԾĿǰһĻ¼Ҽ͵վʧɫѿڶ
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һǿ֮ȻʨͷбʨͷѾ˵Ȼ̵֮ڣȻ෴Ȼѣ
䣡
ըһͻȻը죬Сʶõɲǣ˲𳤽ݵǱУٶǿµıը֮
С£㽫ΪĸףӦеĴۣ
СʧֵɲǣҶĳһѤõĹâ׹ĳɣڵһӰѾ׷С¶ȥ
ħ֣
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־ѧɲ֮չ֣кһںڵĳâ죬һĿĵâγһһľˣСǵضȥ
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㱳ˮһսھ֮ҪôնɱС£Ҫôն䣬ȻҶԼսʮţ
ϢգۼѵСµɫһ䣬ȵӰڰһڱ䣬ΪȫԪڴɲת˼¡
ȻǵصĵâȣСɸе㣡
ҶΪֻ޶죬Ѩ̺ŵľԪȴһ۷ߣѧͬʱʩչϢǿ֮СҲûȫܵĿܡ
˶ΪС½ᱻһ˲䣬ȴԹĽǶ˫ָð۵ָסںڵĳ

ţôܣҶǿҲδظӲӣôң
ܣһģ
쿴
Ⱥٴα̾С¼еɲǣЩͬЩա
Ȼһ˲䣬ҶĿ֮˿ɣԪٴαǣâȻѤõĵ͵ıҵƿСָ
ϣ
һµĽײںڵĳбСµļϣ
͵˽ȥȴûпı۰򣬷Ƕ֮ϣļȻҶһ˿ڣȴû˿Ѫų
ôܣôǿ˹Ҷ͸ޱȵ𾪣Сµסĵ¬κ˺⾿ʲô̶ȣ
Ҷڵ¬ǿţһ˿Ϲɵı࣬Ѿɹ˼У
ϹаʬܣϹɫһ䣬ʧ
ʲô˵ʲôϹаʬܣôܣǶѾʧǧôܳڽ̨ϣҶ𾪵˵ȻĿ뿴½Ҽ
½Ҽɫͬһ䣬εʼ磬Ҳ֪СȻ½ҵϱҲȨʡ
ãҶΣգ¼Ҽһ
ڵǶСµļϵʱС¾Ȼ¶һ˿Цݣָ͵ץס棬һ
޴ӵϴһɵ㣬ϢȻϮ
ҶȻһСµĿ𾪣
Ϲаʬܣ
˼壬аʬǾҩգӦĹɡ
ҩ߳ʱ彫ʮֽӲ罩ʬһ㣬Ҳ쳣ͣ޼᲻ݣ
ڳߣת֮壬ôǽѪɺӣ
޳ܣҶ㲻ŭڣΪƾȡҵС£Ǹ޳ܵİ׳գǰ׳նӸȥ



ʮ аʬ
Ϊ˸ҶӱʲôҶóز㻹ѼӣӲǸϵһСƺѾˣԭò绨ȫǶ񶾣Թޡ
ҿС̫޳ˣȻаĹ
ǰϹаʬܣǶôµۣⳡս֮Ǽǲ̫ƽˡ
УСǾӣ޶ɷΪ˸ӱʲô˵Сǵΰĸף
ոȥʲôԦԼ壬˶꣬갡
Сץס棬͵һɲǣҶĻͻȻǿܣһȻĻ汼ڶԭɫĹâֵҶ㣬ȻɫŨ塣
ħȻ֣
ħޱߵĹӿҶĿ֮£ע볤֮УͶԷ㣬ϢȻײ
ƺȻը죬ҶС˫ֲ£ԪͣתԽԽǣƾУ
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ɽȻ෴ڵ¬֮бһϣǿ֮ٴζԺ䵽һ
ҶŲƶĵ澹Ȼ˿˿ѷ죬ҵȣҶҲԽԽʢռ֮ͣĲ
ɱ˳Ҷ㣬ȥɣС±һ֮ƣ˿ûнӲĸоѸ٣߬ŶϵĲ֣ҶĲĨ˹
С´˾ѾӽƾմԽĿռ䣬ʱбشΣգѾκκֻɱҶ㣡
ħ
飡
飡
ѧٴ¬У貵Ĺâ˲䱬ǿܣҶӱ䣬˿û֮⣬ӭС¶Ժ䵽һ
䣡
СһҽУϵںܵͬʱűţŵľȫӳֵСµϡ
ȿȡҶʳһ˿ѪɫòҰףһڵľԪȻһգħĻ԰˼֣ŵļν֣Ҷľ޴
ҶϵѹֲסҶҰ׵ӣ;ĵʹ֪ӳˣһĻϣӻصԭǸҸ꣬ǵӡ
ȻʱСЦٴվɫе԰֮⣬κ
ħ飡
Ҷһ㣬һɻϢӶϵдɲǼ䵶â죬һһߵ˱֮ƣȻС£Ѥ貵ĵâ·ǣ
ս֮ȫ̧ͷҶӰߵʵ̫ѤˣǰգâѾǹ̫Ĺâɿ
ôܣħҶǿĹֶΣôչֳҶҲʧɫˣҶֹһεҪҵףһֱδʱ꣬ȴķ֣
ϹĿ˸ͣŵеӰ¶ŨŨǳ
СƣҶʹڵңкξ壡С·ٱ忪ӭħһЦ
޾ĵӰȻ䣬һɹҪĿ̺ڵӰ֮Уһ޴ĺ˲ͣĳСµ壡

˶Ծķ֣С˵Ĺ治ԣͶϵײײļ֮
޴ĵӰһһûȻСµȴû˿˿ڣĵٵʱȻֹƾԼмܲס
ۣ
С͵һѪʣµȫļ֮ϣһֲ֮˿ڣɭȻǣҶƿаʬķ
ɱŻᣬնݳ
Ҷϵ裬ѧٴʩչȵſռ䲻ͣ
ɥʬȭСµɫޱ䣬ѾоϵľʹаʬķѾһȱڣǿԳȥնɱҶ㣬෴пܱҶն䣡
һƬڵСµȭͷðĺڵĹâŻɵϢ̶𣬳Ҷ㼤
飡
ȭཻľ죬̨ڳܲס޴һ֮󣬺Ȼѣ
ǧһ㵶ˣһŭ֮Уȫȥ
飡飡飡
Ӱ˽ƶ˫֮ϣͣҡΣλãڿĻǡ
ս֮һۻңѤõĹâȵĿϾӡ
СµɥʬȭԵľѧӲһȭᵼеĲλ罩ʬһ㽩Ӳȭٶȼơ
ת˲֮䣬˶Ժ˼ʮȭɷֲʤ
ɱɥʬȭһȭҪɲǣС͵شһȻĹâһӿ壬һīӿ֮
ȭÿһȭظͬһʽϸ΢֮ĲһԽԽǿһȭһռ䣡
Ҷͬ߾ȫħ飬飬飡ʮʮѤõĹâһֽƲ񷣬о󣬺嫵ƹ
䣡䣡䣡
죬âһգգѤõĹâҫ˵۾޴ɽ鱩һ㣬ӿȵսƳʮ׵ľ룬̨֮ϳһ޴Ĺ֡
ӿսӷҶѪһ㣬ڵĳ޷Զ˿˿Ѫͣĵ䣬ɼ쳣
ǿҶԿضߣ
ǣС©ҶǼһһӣ
ţʲô©СѾаʬܣô©
ߣ֪ʲôСɹаʬܣҶүǱȥˣƾǵΪ磿ߣ
У㲻½ҵİɣ˼ҶãŹڮٺ٣ҿ˾Ǵĵҵģ
һֱҶǿ֮˳һ˫С۾ӶĶʼھһֱƴҶǿ󣬱С¡
Ǳˣ˫Ķ֪ﲻʲôæŶ㵽ȺװһĵĹڣƴ˵Ҷĺû
ҿҿҶҵģԻˣ
ȥɣ
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ҶмˣҶɣħףСµ˸޼ɵĹâ¶Ц⣬ͻȻһɫԲҶǰ
Բ׵еʱһ˿ƻľԪͻȻԲȻըѣһɲȴγ˾ŵ֮ľ޴׵磡
ҶĿϱ貵ĺ⣬һųɫĹâס壬Ļγһķ
·Ҫȵĸ˸оڻɽһ㣬˼ļλҲ¶Ĺâ
Ҷ㲻򵥣
е뷨һսҶˣ٣
̹һһҶĿ˸ʱѾ͸Լֶˡ



ʮ ͫħƣϣ
İɣܵܲµģġҶסĸ׵֣ο˿˿ˮҶվ޲ԼȥҶ㡣
Ѿ׼ʱȥҶ㣬ƻ򣬳ٴѹҲϧ
ܵ£㲻ȥΪĸףô᲻֪Ů뷨
ҡҶüͷƺ
ҶȻΪ谮Ҷ㣬ǾԲԼһӴȥҪȥֻȥ
ֻǷˣĸȴΰģС£Ϊ˶ӿɱɽʬΪԼĶӣСģҶͬ
С£ΪĵֶΣҪ˱ү𣿡ҶĿâ˸䣬ûһ㶯ڼ۶ľŵ׺ں
ģԸ㹻ˣŰɣܿ죬ͷ­ҶӷǰڵģСɫ䣬һŵٶȼ졣
Ц֮
ಣ
ʱҶ㶯ˣֻɻγɵľȻչ磬ڿһĲӰȻ˿˵ĳǾŵӭȥ
С£ȻִԲھڣħڶ𣡸ȥҶ˻ߵŭţµľԪȫ
ǿȻǵһ屶˲ɽѣʯս߲ԼͬһѪȫ𾪵ĿҶ㣡
ȻһŻγһɹɳȵţħʱǰħųüٶȺ϶Ϊһ
ڷٶĴ߶֮£ħڿʼ˻棬ʼ΢Ļ磬γһɰ˸ߵĻľޱ䡣
˸ߵħϵ֮УںڵĵʼѤõĻ档
ҶĿ֮£ļƶɱ޾ǿһ
ǿɱ⣡ҶһȻûث֣ȺһͷҵӰҶǿһ૵
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ĴĿͬʱ֣һԲεķ֣۶¥УҶĸŮǳͣ˼ĿҶ㡣
ܵܣƺĳˡҶ¶һ˿οЦݡ
½½ɭֵܾڲԶ⺧˵һĻвӿΪһпĲģǲòš
ôǿΪʲôһջҪ͵Ϯ½ͫɻĹâ
˸ϵķӿħ׻ڴϸ׵£ײһ
䣡䣡䣡
ƾ޴ħںҶ΢һӴ޴죬ħ׾˾ͱû
Ȼĵâûһ˿һֹͣƺƴĳСº˹
ҶȻʹڶɲҵĶ֣ھ㳢ζ
ĵâСµĲϸһĿӣɫѪͣļͷӭϣѪˮ˳ͷڵ棬ʱС£ȫһŮˣ˻ߵĺš
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еСͻȻʧΨһѪɫֲڲͣͬڰеѪ˷ӿ
ǣħĵڶգ۱㵽ɫĻŷÿһ̺Ī
ݣݣ
۶ȥڽӴɲǣ˲䱻Ѫ˸ɣ˿Ƕʣ
飡
һʣΧ֮˼˺ȵĸѾ壬Ĵļ𾪵ĿҶ㡣
һЩΪ΢ӵܾȻվסŵĵڵϣֵ̿ĿսһӰ
һ֮Ĵļͬʱһ㣬㹻԰ˣ
ǵҶ죬ҲȫûƣҶҪʥ̥ĻˣͬʱңҶҲڴˣǼпܵ߸
еѪ˲ͣķħڶִһɲǣȻкɫҺڰγһɫˮ
µɭȻѪϢӿ޾ɱϢԺ䵽һ𣬶޾Ҷħĵڶһɲǡ
貵Ĺâ˲䱬ֲռŤеҶض˱ǵصУƾǵ޷
˶ѣС£үΰȥ
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ȻʱǰԴ龹ȻʼṩԴԴ
Ϣ޲ԪͬʱȻɢһŰ˲䣬ЩƻľȻüٶ޸
֮ԴǰһɫʧҶ΢΢һȻ֡ǰһɱĸоԴȫҶ֮У
һ֣ҶдϲԴ룬˵ԴѾͬҶ㣡ӿľԪﵽδеĸ߶ȣ
ħ飡飡飡ƣӰɽԪתҪ򳹵
ʱѪֲ˳ĻǶͷų޾Ķ֮ǰγһͷ
飡
¬â䣬ɫĹâͶξᵽһ𣬵޼ɵһӾʹ˶εķŵâֱ롣
ݣݣݡ
һѪڿлһķ䣬Ȼγһҫ۵ͼâţķʴ֮ƣУǲߣ
˾ǣɲƺѽռסˣʱҲֹˣ
ܣҶһѧڽӽͼɲǣռ䶼סˣ֮ҵѾƽϢߵԴԴգ
ΪǣȻܽסʱ䣡һʱֹͣôҶͻΰӣСɱ
СĿһ¶ӵ˼ݣҶ㣬ڹڵңһܷһ·
ƨħ飬𣡡貵Ĺâ˲飬ʮĵ⣬ʮĵâٴһڿлһĿĹ
¬ϣδˣǿɹͼ֮ϣ
ߣƾèĹҪƿ򣿹ˣʶģԹԹڵģһܴ󷢴ȱĸ׽һ
ɲǼ䣬ѪŽ貵ǾȻʼήңҫ۵ĹâҲһ
˿̣еֲﱯһͬʱһɹѪɫϢֲĿήǵľһŶһ㡣
ѪⱩҶ߷ƥĵȻסˣ
ǿ򣡡¼Ҽһ⣬ʧ
򲢲˭ܴ߷γɵģʮ֮Լ򣡶С¾Ȼһ򣬽۶ǿ
˵С¾е࣬Ȼһжⲻؼҵã
ߣҶɫһ䣬Īһ룬ͻȻԼζϴȥ
ħ𣡸ɣҶٴμϵıȻγһħ͹Ӱ



ʮ ͫħƣ£
ӰڳֵɲǣһĪɫħ֮ţȻħʮĵƺõǿһ
â죬֮˺˿ռ䣬ѷХڳ¶֮⣬Щʯ֮Уǡ
Ѫ飬ǵͼһӱ룬һʺѪҺעһƺնĲͼһ࣡
򣬻𣡡аʬھǰҲ߹һʱ˿ҶᣬȻΪ˶ӱѾȥˣǿתԪ̶ȵı
Ϊȡһ˿ᣬСð˵ΣգӲʮĵɽĵâȴû뵽ħҶѾ̤
ħ񣬹ƣҶᶨڻ˸ʱѾԵ΢ȻҪɲǣѸ̷һŲԪ
Ԫǰ͸ģؾҩ˲ָٷ֮ʮԪؼʱ̣Ҷ㲻òðշҩĻָԪ
ħ͹ӰҲǰղٿħģ׻ħ񣬹ı
ڻӰֻҪʱһ죬ʵ壬սǿ
䣡䣡ȭѪеʳտҶĳ׺飬޾ĺڰһ˿˿ǡ
Ȼڵһƻ򱬷ʱѪɫֲȫήһȦ
һںڵɢϢɭȻУҼɢת۵Ĺ͸
Ҷ㣬ھڣ𣬸ȥɣС·Ĵţϵ˿¶ɭȻİ׹ǣѪ죬ȫ֮ϡ
ѾήֲͻȻ˸Ĺԣ͵ſ޿ڣҪҶȥ
֮Уʩߵ޵ķŴ󣬶Էǻᱻܶࡣ
ߣƾס𣿰׳գ
޴ӰͻȻҶǰһ۾ݺ᣻һ߬ſȭϴħ
ͫҶһȣĹͻȻһֻ۾ȻһƳ޾ĹϣɭȻ־Ϣֻأ
ֻͫأ֮һжֻأ
䣡
ֻ֮ʱһɹɿֱֲӱֻأӵϢʼҡΣǱɣϢӰ쵽ֲȫʧԭأһһֻأ
ֺϵĻȪ·䣬ϰȫΪξ
ֻأĴͬʱһҶӰйâҪֻ֪֮ͨ·ֻ쾳ϵǿ߲ſ
ɲ󣬽գһ޶Ĳ񣬾Ȼ˹ϲɣֻ֮·ⲻ򿪵ģջ֮ˣĸʾޣݺµ
ҶҲ㣬ǲӦҶһҵҪˣǷӦôһЩôˡ
ֻһҶһƣֺƺҪֻأ
֮⣡ƣС´ʧɫʧѪѾ忪ʼѾ֧չΪ˸ӱòעһʱСѾͬھͷ
ħƣͫ
ħŵͻȻûһƣ͵ſ޿ڣųƴһһϢֱ볤֮У
ųƶǻ֮һգһڴĺɫâ͵һɴ֮
ħŴңɨ֮ۿռ仹ʱ䶼ᷢң
ͬʱٴۣӵϢȻϮһϢǵضﶼֻأ
СȴԼбͻȻС˺ܶ࣬ҶȻ˼
ңħƵĪܣ
ôܣıôһϣСʧ
Ȼɲħ͹ڼǿ֮ħʳڵѪҺѾӰһʺѪ
Ӱħ֮УҲûϢ
ԪĴ߷ľ貵⣬ϣɫĹâͣƺҪȵĸ¸0.05ս
֣飡ڵˣ
ֳֵٶȳ죬͵˸⣬ħĴңıСƵλ
ȣƣھС²֮أҶŭһԪٴαһ߶ȡ
ѪŽСµаʬȻʧȥƣϵ˸ŷĹâȻСµļ֮ϣ
ħ飬飬飡ħͫҴֻأҶҪжСµһ۰ͨԪŻȫ߷˼¡
ٴѪ䣬һ϶ֲֿϢȻϮоȻһϵ·Ŀɨ֮еĶȫУۿɼٶȿʼ飡
Ļչֳħ޾Ĺ͸Ҷ壬ϵ֮УݺݵСµı۰
Сҵŭţһʻı۰ͻȻ׷ѪˮȾ񷡣
ܣϹаʬ֮壬ôܡڲҽеͬʱС¼ٺˣŶϱ۵˿ڣѪʹСµӱüΪŤ
ҶȫĴ򷨣СҪļˣҶۣ֮ȻС׼쳣㣬˭ﶼδ֪
С¼ٺ˵ͬʱҶ㵱ȻŹ˴õĻᣬҵʱֻһӣһûн֣Ǿ͸òˡһʱһ¹˭־Ͳö֪ˡ
ħ𣡡
Ҷϵ˹Ѥõĵâڿлһ貵ĹâײСµĲ
Ҷ㣬ҪһҪᣡСʹ¶ĺ⣬ܾʹڵһĲӰͣĶܣشսʣ߳ɣҶ棡
ǵصĵγһΣͷ䣬Ѿ޿ɱܣϣѪŽ
Ϲаʬܵķѱһ֣ѾڣΪ˸ӱҧͻȻȴһâ˸ӣ
ܣҶǸҶͷ­ǰڣģһҶȥ㣡㲻ҪµҲˡ
â֮ģұҶ㣬ȥɣСԼľԪâӸͬʱҶĶϵպó˹
СµɫоԪעһ
ɣҶ㣬һȥɣ
ҶĸоһɼΪΣյϢȻϮϵİѶϵһᣬйâһɿ֮Ϣ˿ûжܣƴĳȥ
ϵĹ켣˿ûиı䣬һɻϢСµĲ˹ȥ
֮䣬â֮ѾǶϵǷɱСµĲϣҪܵʱȴΪʱ



ʮ սܣ
ϣ
ײСµĲϴ˳ͬʱһƬѪܵŲӵȻһɼǵĿֲ˿ڣ
Ϲаʬܵ壬Ҳδܶһ
Ȼʱ򣬾â֮ͻȻըѣؼ糱ˮһӿȥռ˲䱻գһɻ𡢿־塢ɭȻϢȻϮ
ܣСµôֿµĶ½ҼΪ𾪣ϱоȻֿ֮ı
â֮Ŀľǿıըıը֮ڣΪҽ
ߣһս֮½һĽٺ٣ݲ½ˣҶ˸ҪŻթһʡ
ŶҶѵҪû٣Ҷ˺Ҷӵ飬һûˣҶ죬㾹Ȼ쿪թң½ҼҶʱɱȻ½ɭƼΪأҶǡ
㡭
ˣˣλС±Ͼؼҵˣ½ҲȨʵģֺαͱˡ¼ҼȻվ½һߣϹҼλϹۣ
ߣҶһ֪ҶʵǰĴʼĵһѾ䵽ٲһҶţôҶҿǰ
ڳ¼ҼĻֻ㬶գϾĴ壬Գ¼Ϊף
ɵеɲǣâ֮ͻȻը޾ɭ£ĿֲϢ˲伤Բ֮ȫУռƺҪˣ
˷ٵˣĴѾֹͣٴδ߶Ԫ̶֧ȵķ֣֮ȫУ
ھâ֮ĵĺը֮У飬ֻʣһĻһӰâ֮ľһѪǿ֮ȴ
ܣȺбһŭ𣬹ս֮˷ٶȣԶ۶ȥ
̵ģС£Ź㣡˷嫵ĳˣһЩΪϵͣ־ϽĹھԱУΪƬ
˾ǣڱըĵҶ㾹ȻһںڵĶϵһ˿Ц
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ڴĿĹâУ˾ˣҶȻܾâ֮ĵ
ҶϺҶɫѿ˼㣬ڳȥȴΪʱ
ҶҶȥɣһжҵģС·ЦҲڱըģΪӱ𣬼ֺη
𣿡
ħңըĵҶ㣬ѪŽǿıըɨһɲǣͻȻһŭҶǿתԪ߶ħĵң
תԪܶݻȫʢʱȴһּΪΣյĴ߶ԪķܱתľԪɾɾ߶϶
Ȼڴ߶֮ʱĻڳزסǿѪĻȻϨ
ʱҶѾѪȾڵĳ޷Զ֮оɱ¾֮⣬ս죬£
Ҫʲôǿս⣡
ҶǸӣǸ̬ȻҪԱ֮ʩ
ܣֻ޶죬Ҫʩչ˸ͨʮһǿҲδʵ֣ôܡ
ţ̫ǿˣǵҶҲûս⣬޾ɱ¾֮꣬׾ʲôôϹ¶Ĺâ
һΪĪڵҶ죬գȻĶȵս⣬丸Ҫǿ
ھһɱ¾½ҼɫΪѿȭͷ߬ţɱڼʶ⾪֮ս֮òɱ¾һĴڡ
ʹ졭С£ȥɣڱըģҶΪģٴ麣糱һӿ֮С
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գ֮䣬¬ѾѤõĹâȵƥһ㼤䣬ĵӰ޾Сǵضȥ
ҪС´ʱ֪ʲôܣâ֮ĵɲǣǴͬھȻԷȴϵħĵʧ䵽˼㡣
ħ𣡹ͫħƣܻѾ飬Ѫ죬ӿڣħٴڳһƻ硣
ڹؼʱ̣Ҷ㲻òעһҲûв˽ħһһƣͬʱ貵Ĺâ
ֻأ
ң
Ҷתۼ貵ĵâ׹ǣĵ֮ͻȻһ֮û˿ͣ٣Сµü˹
ռѾ˺飬ռѷ˸źâ֡С·ŭţͣŤ壬ѪŽѪͣĵ䣬գ֮ͳһѪˡ
ɲļɼǵ˿ͻȻ֮ˣ
ãʬ䣡¼ҼһСµѾüΪ֣鶯ÿն
С£ҪҪ½֮վڽ䣬ѾˮĿ¶еĺ⣬ĶסҶ㣬޲ھͳȥ˺Ҷ㡣
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һױСµһСµĲӶһµĽײ
趯ϵ£һ˿նϣһǳǳ˿ͣѩ׵ľϣ֮£ȻСµĲһǳǳ˺ۣ
飡
Сµһ㣬ݺݵ׳ȥ
ɱҶŭһںڵĵâٴӿնâƥһ㣬ٴκ䵽Сµϡ
⻪ҫۣС½Ӳ¶һ˿ЦݣѪʬɱǵصȭӰ£ֵסҶǿĺɱ
ȻȭӰµɲǣȻȫѪɫĽʬצĳҶץ˹
ãʬҶһĿѪ죬쳤Хħ飬ûңɱ
ϵݹ࣬һǰ˵·ļʬƿһͨСµĵ·Żٴڳ˫ᣬҶ˫أٳȥ
С£ѵٻҲ߳ȥ
飡
𣡡
ң
ҶȣںڵĶϵ˺գݺݵСֻĸ첲˿ڴ
ħ֣֣֣ħ飬ңħħƣǿͨһɲǾʹ˳
һŹĻ͸ϵСµڣеԼͨʱȻҲӲ
Ҷ㣬ɱңͬھɣѪʬұС֪Ѿ޷תǬûҶͬھ
ֻأ
ң
ħ͹Ӱٴγ֣һǵӰѾòˣ۾ƣ
ȥɣħҶŭһתĪһĻƶ£涯ˣСµ
ħ飡飡飡ңҶѾնɱС£ͨı仯ͣУ
Ҷ㣬һڵģѪʬʬұС·ЦȻֹѪŽİӴͷ­߸ߵ



ڶʮ ս½֮
ʲôȻɱС£
̫ǿˣСֶ£նɱ֣ȻҶĶӣȮӣ
ҿ̫ǿˣȻ޶նɱΪǿߣ̫ˣֱż񣡡
̫˧ˣܼ޸ŶҶ㣬Ҷ㣬Ұ㡭
ȺڷɧңŮҶ֣ͣĸҶ㰵ʾۣе󵨵Ҷʾ
ˣСŷһģʱЩɵ𣡡½Ҽоâ˸
ߣĶĹǬɴ޸ҲӣŷǿƣҲṫȻΥԼɡҶȻ֪½ҼҪŷ֣֮Ҷ㡣
ҶǱΪҶҼȻ֪أһüǱвȣֱ⣬ѾҶ㡣
Ȼͷ­׷ɵɲǣСͻȻſ죬һĶ͵ؼ
СİҶһȥٶȼ졣
ҶСģҶ켱š
һĻ˭ûӦ
ҶնɱСµɲǣսɢ;ƿݣսɢȥ˲䣬վûˡ
ȻһڵĶȻСµһɼΪΣյͷҶϣƾʱ״̬ҪܣѾˡ
ʬСǰֲҶɲǣЦû죬Ȼʬ綾һƺõһ壡
ʱҶѾˣΪأԪѾ;ƿݣԴʱҲؿڲܼôʱ䣬ȫеս֧ţϣѪԴԴϵʳ
ǣҶڣڸܵΣϢɲǣܵһϵжƾ͵ľ͵ǰȥ
ͬʱϵҲһᣬ㵲סȥ·
ɲһӾֳ͵ľٶȣǿ壬˵ɲǣܱǱò˾ȡ
ͣ
Ѿ϶Ҷ˵ص˲䣬һ쳹˵ĶĤ󡰶һ촫
ҶȻ£ͬʱҶӰͻȻ֣һӽסҶ壬˸Ứ
ôˣ
㣬㣬û£ʬû˵ңġǣ¬ҶڽĻζϢҲ֤û¡

СƵɱ֣ȻҶ㰲ȻȹֻеĶϵʬȾһ̲ˮȴ
ããû¾ͺã¬ٸһǹԪ£ҶѾ֪ʲôҶһŵҩơ
ƾȻۿɼٶȻָת˲Ĺʵ˿Ѿ裬Ԫڵҩİ£ɿĻָڴɵľԪǰҪöࡣ
Ӯ𣿡Ҷ㿴ļڽĻϴЦݡ
Ĵɫ죬½Ҽһ࣬Ŀɱ޲ɱҶ죬¼ҼƺǰһĻϹҼһ²ؼ߸߹ӣһж޹ء
Ҷ¶οЦݣлһ˿ʵĹâһͬȻգۼţɱҶ㲶׽ˡ
ӮˣɱС£ŷһɳе¼Ҽڡ
㣬˰СµʬߣǻؼҡҶڽĻе
ʬ£Ҷҵ˾Сʬʱһ
һԭºŵӣʱ磬䣬ħɫ۴ʱѪ·Ѫһ㡣
˲Ǳˣ½ƵĸףСµɷ½֮
ѵҪΥԼ𣿡Ҷ䣬Ҷüͷؾ޵ķų
Ҷ㣬½֮ԶŹ㣡ɱɱ֮ȡһɱļˣᵽȥʹ࣬½֮Ц
˵𣿡ҶͻȻҶĻվɫ쳣ƽ
ôҪɱңųҪɱ㣬ɱĸףҪ㱥ɢʹ࣬
˵ˣҪɱ㣡ڻδɲǣҶѾ֣ոջָİ־ԪͻȻһȭ

һȭ֮䣬һεƿ֮ռ˺ѣ½֮ҶٶѾɫȭͷһƥĻĪƣ½֮˹
ƣ𡭡ˡ
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½֮һ۶¥ʼͣĻζں׵ºȻλ֮⣬½֮һȫ飡
Ҷ㣬ס֣ѵΪ½Һ۸𣿡½ҼҪһҶ㣬ʱˣܷŹ
ߣ½Ҽ½֮ȣҶ㷴ں֣Ҳһ½֣Ҷ˸в
ҪάҶˣ
ô
ƣ½Ҽɫ࣬صһӣ̴ľƳɵһ¾ͱĵһ֣һԵҶһЦ
½֮ʩչʱӴ˲伱ͣһ̶ȵʱ򣬺Ȼըѡ
ȻʱҶȭͷѾ䵽ˣ
Ϯʱ򣬾ȻϢĸоȻڷҩĻָ£ľԪǿԵ֣ɲǣɫȭͷȻʹĥһ㣬Ȼ£
Ȼ֣Ҳ㹻
һžҵźȻըѣ׻ըϢһ㣬ǿ֮һӾͰȥȥƲͣ
½ۣ֮֮һȻ㲻ʶôµ֣ҶѾԪϵƶȻһ䣬ȭͷڿлһɫĹâ
޶ķɣ½֮һƶȻһΪ볤֮УȭͷִɲǣεɫĹԺȻţͳɫȭͷԺ䵽һ
飡飡
ӰһȭӰͬʱ׷ɳȥھҵ֮Уƺ˺ˣ
Ҷ˵һˣĻͣ˿ڴ䶯£˴ȻۿɼٶȻָţոľԪٴα飬òٴһεһλҪ
Сӣȥɣ½֮񶾵Ĺâ˿˼ƣ͵μƶҶĸҶϵķ򼲳۶ȥ
½֮ҪҶĿɱʶܵܺĸҪĴڣκ˸˺Ƿֺ
½֮ƾĸӰĻ̫ԶҶŭһٴٶȾȻǰҪһ
ҿ½֮治Ҫ
ݣҪɵƣҲġ
½֮үǾ˵ķʽ⣬˶䣡˵ˣ
ħ𣡡һŭڵҶϼħ͹Ӱٴչ֡
ֻأ
ң
ɱͬʱչ֣ڵħ޾ƺڱĻδ֮ʱѾն˳ȥ



ڶʮһ ˱
飡
һӵϢȻϮһɴҵϣ½֮ͻȻԼǰķͻȻ仯ҪɱѾҶϣ½Ҽ
½֮ھڣҶȵȭȫħ֣֣ѧһһ貵ĹâȭӰȻΪһ㣬ͻȻ
ͻȻı䷽½֮½ҼӣȻųһ亹ɲҶѾ˹ǿȭһ˿η塣
½֮ð͵һۣƾһ͵سһֻ󡣬ٳһ
ˣˣˣ
ߣֻ㱾£ҾΪˣҶһٶȲ죬ԷһֽĴʱ
飡飡
Ҷȭͷû˿ͣͣγɵĻȫƣɫĹâһ֮ϻһĹâ
ܣ½֮оȻһָ״ССܣע뾫Ԫ֮󣬷ı󣬺Ҷ½֮֮䣡
ˣˣ
ȭͷ͹ܶԺ䵽һһǿȻϮҶоԼһƺҲȦĳأںһȭ֮޾ǵسҶ㣡
ãħƣҶȷйŹ֣ܰѶĳδ֪߷бʮ֮ȫʩϣ
½֮Ҷڱŭ½֮ǰҪĸף֮Ȼĵֶסܵܣ޿̵ġ
СһҾĸŮ֪ʲôܣ½֮Ц۾˶񶾡
죡
ϣҶ糤ʣ㣬գһƬռ䲻ͣĶȻޱȣתۼѾ½֮üĴ
죬貵Ĺâ̵۾ɱݺᣬսƺҪ½֮һ룡
½֮ɫޱ䣬һҶеģҶսţһ˿Ҳ֮ΣյϢе޾Ŀ־壬ϵë
ܣҵ½֮һԳĽâѾ˲ҶˣֻǽҶڹ򡣼æ߶ܣҶĳԺ䵽һ
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˺˿ռ䣬貵Ĺâ˲̨罵ٴ󺣣κˣվǰŵĹս˴ʱȻǾȻҲ˷˼⡣
ȫԪֿʱ򣬹ٴ֮УеȻ߷ʮٴεٶ־ңȫҶϣ
ߣҶһؾɢеĳƺһ㣬ھԪĲٿ£ǰγһɫĻ
ҿ½֮Сˣ
裬½֮ûСҿǵǹʹ
ùû˯Ŷӣò˸ǰŵλãǣֲöˣŽŲ˼ǶõĽ
Ⱥߣſֵ̬ȴûս֮УԼǹʹ˭
ȻʱܱĻѾ˹еһ𣬴޾Ļ𣬿־壬ɭȻϢƺҪƿռ䣡
٣ΪֻеܵܲŻḸ׵ľѧħڶ𣡵ңҶһ˿Цеĳʼƶ
ѼӣӲվһ˵ڣ½֮Цݺֲܿ˫ͨ죬ѪĳһѪɱħ
Ǹ𣿡½֮ĺͻȻһһѪӰ֮С
㡭ôܳ½֮о𾪡
ûʲôǲܣڡҶָ򱻹סһҫѤõĹâѾ۶
ܣܿؾ߸Ʋķ½֮ɱŽ
콣һ齣
ħ֮ҶͻȻһɲǼ⻪֣ɫĹâȻͣĳռЩԹߵľԪ
ҶͻȻΪ貵⣬ѤöĿǿ֮Ͼ󣬾ĴļһĻҲɴ۾
ÿ£ѵؾӦе𣿡ϹҼɫҲٵȻǾ塣
ƺⲢҶһ˵ľԪ֧Ųǿ֮ĲڳߵĽ壡
Ҷ統£ս糱ûս⣬ôǿţܱٿأ¼ҼҶӽɲǣйâ
ѵҪͬʱҶ죿
𾪵ɲǣҶĽâ䣬һ죬ֱԽ˹ܣ
˲û۶¥ҲУҶʱһѪޣɫĹâеıţǿ֮Ʋͣļķ
䣡
齣ĽԼˣܱǱƣһеĴݻٵˣ
ҶڹܵУŭ֣ȻʩչɲǣȻһǿ籩
籩ȻΪģͣܡ
֮УΪ죡
ˣǵص
һЩСĴڣھҵͿֲУ飬ʣһѰ׹ǣһ;ԪȫɿֲϢգ
Լ飬ѾԪ׸ңɱ㣬ȡľԪҶ½֮Ķ
½֮ǿ֧ţ޾ѾûܺĸӦѾҶһȭϣûǣȻһأȻҶٳûɱҪȡľԪ
ҪҵľԪΰɣ½֮Ц޽Ҷ糤ıԵ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ⣬ɱ㣬ҲһΪǱŰɣʹŸոտʼ½֮ЦѾҶ齣ըģ
ʱҶ罣磬ɱľڹһͬʱ޼ɵĳ֣
ܣƣڶĽҶ缲һٶͬʱѾ˹ȥɢĹײһ
ߣƾ㻹ӲҵģӡҶһЦͻȻ̽ƣ͵ץ˳ȥһ޴ӡȻ֣һס½֮ȥ·
ҵ˵ҲŹģҶ㡭½֮ҪǿӡؾΪƺ谭ھ޴ӡУһӤûκηʵ
ɣ㽫ΪҽһϣҶĻ˲ɣһͬʱ޴ӡͻȻѪ飬һɾϢͻȻ˹
Ҷ㲢ûֱգγһӴУҶһָһɫĹâõӡ֮ϣ
Ҫʲô˿ֲ֮УҪʲôǸӣ̬
ȻҪԼͻƣҿǲҪͻ˰
½֮峹ױ飬һžľԪҶ֮У֮ڣ
ǿ֮ײһռ˺ѣԹ֮߱Уգ۵Ĺͱĩ



ڶʮ ʬ䣬ԡ
ɣҶͻȻſ˫ۣǿ֮ʼӿУ
վĵҶоһᣬ޾Ѿʧͷϣ齣ĺҲҶ㼲۶ȥϲĹâ
壡ܵܣ㣬ʧģҶû뵽Ҷ㾹ȻҪַʽھǱܡ
вͣȻеᴿ֮󣬲ܽڣǣʵ̫ǿˡ
壡ҶŲŭеھᴿ֮ȻԼڣ
㳡֮ϣһ֮УϱƣţѤõĹâֱڡ
û뵽Ȼַʽ
ǰһǸ̬Ҫ֪ʵ̫Σգֻ޶찡
ٺ٣ΪΣ֮ɹջҲķᰡȺ۷׷ףÿж¶Ľʺޡ
ҶоԼľƺѣ֮γһɫ˿ߣΪңھᴿ֮󣬾Ȼ޸Ҷ˵塣
ɫľԪһӹҶ壬ǿҵľʹŤȻǾȴľߣͣľ
ҶһڵϵĹһӽϣʶ룬½֮ϢĨȥ뾫Ԫܳſ
¡¡һ죬Ҷ罫ڹ㳡֮ϣʼΪҶǹ
ףİɣܵܲµģҶ翴Ҷ潹ǣο
Ҷϵݱʮ㲣Ҳһ˿ǳҵǲͻƣǽܽչֳʵ⵽һЩС˵죡ţ
ףҺ͵ܵܲТϵˡֻҪһ죬Ͳõܵܵһ˿˺ҶĿᶨ
ǣǡǿˣܵܰɣ﷦ˣȻȥˡҶ̾һǵתͷؼңƺʲô֮
Ҷɫͣı仯ʶھϴͬʱһɲɣϵϢɨԺг档
֮һγֽһĻҶվڲԶԼǰ
˻ߣһɾ޴͵ھб
䣡ǿֱƿҶĴѨҼ
𡭡ҶŭһٿľԪǹһѨ
Ҷɫһ䣬ָָܣãϢٴҶͻȻоǹϢζһ£ȴĪ˳ȥ
ٴγݺһĻҶ˻ߵĴţǷذײ࣡
أҪȡڵĳɢ裬ɫĺ⣬һɹϺȻȻһͻȻըѣ
ɫٴγɣȦ֮УҶɫҵʹѾľ
ҶľԪʶγһɫķ֣ٴɢϵĹâ͸֮С
йڲ棬е˫۷Ź⣬ǵҶܵǿᣬֻܰĽʺޡ
ҶҼǹ½֮ǷӦù黹½Ҽз̹⣬ǬɴҲ˵Ǳˣƺ
ٺ٣˼ҶȥҪɣҶЦ
ߣ½֮ɲ½Ҽŭ˸λȫؿϷͲҽ
ҶʶȻһ̻Ȼĺ⽥ɢҶϱùž޲ϥڵϡ
ʱʶһĽ壬ڳƻʱͻȻֻȻʵĸо
ʱѾ룬ѨͬƻѪʣҶûκα飬һжǷһ㡣
籩֮вͣļײƻҶľ
ʹ죬ɣЩɣҶЦ
ɫĹâȻҲûһ˿һķȫչһ̣ҵƺҵ˷й͵س֮Уƻ
ʱķɿ죬Ϧ£ҶѾɽɫҺѾȾ壬ɲѵľȻĿʼ
ѨҲʼϣǰҪ󼸱Ӽޱȡ
񱩵ʼȶҶ֮ڣͣߣһɹɶϴ˳ʮѨȻһӱ忪룡
ԪǾޱȣľӼͣܵѨ̺Īܡ
Ȼڽһ֮ϾȻ忪ٶȻתųȵϢҲеԼΪһ¥
죡
˻ϣϣϺһʮ֣һ޵ϢĴӵһ
𣡡ҶŭһɫĿ˸ѪĹâȻվΡϢò֮ȴ
ĴĿȫ¶𾪵ɣһͻȥҶҽٳһ񻰰Ҷ죡
룬ҶҲˣĴضǿߣһһնɱӶһս
ѵҪ𣿡
˰ʱǹɿ񱩵ϢʧҶǰѾɢɫĹâҫ˵۾
СµʬߣǻظɡҶ㿴ûĴк̧Сµʬ壬ͽҶ粢ߡ
½Ҽû֨ȻҶ뿪
ܵܣʵ̫çײˡڷϣҶһֵ˵
ûŶǵġҶҪȴ񣬸Ͻͷ
ߣô˶֪֪ԣҶÿһҶԴһõ˵
㣬ҵˣС·Ҫ֣ұ뱣ǡҶĿᶨԲκ˺Լļˡ
Ҷ·룬֣µ˵֪һˣʲô鲻ҪԼһ㻹н㣬ס
ʲô£׶ΪֵԺҪçײˣսҲ԰㣬㲢ս죬ҺҪл㣡
Ҷ㿴һ۽㣬ůʹн仰ٶҲֵõġ
ҶϿҶĿҶ̬ȣĵЦˣһԶŮкź
ļգҶһһСµʬҲǰĶԣϺ󣬱ʬڳſգ
ҶСµʬ徹ȻһӲ֮УħĻСµ֮ϣʬ徹Ȼһ£֮ԲĺȻһŻ⣡
ףҶһħ𸲸ʬϡ
ȻһĻˣһ֮΢⿪ʼСµʬɽӲԭʧȥѪɫݽů
ѵ븴ҶüͷеĹâͣнγһţѹȥƺҪӡСµʬϣ
ѽʱһӤѽѽ˳漴һĻСµʬڲð˳



ڶʮ ͻ
ҶȻһɿˣǻȴûбȥǽСµʬ׷ˣ
ȵĻҶڵ·ڻ𺣣ȵϢҶеһ˿Ȼƺȴûκɱ
ѽһ֮Уľ񲨶ٴδ˳
澹ȻеϨ˼Ϊ𾪵һĻˣ
Сµʬʧˣȡ֮ȴΪһŮͯͷŴ棬ųЦݣ
֡ѽһŮͯȻſ˫ۣСڿץץģ鿴Ҷ㣬޾Ŀ
⣬ʬܱɺӣҿ̫ˣҶסˣСµʬз֮Ȼһĺֱͯ¼Ҷһģ
һӰҶͣаʬܵռ죬

Ůͯ˵Сµ壬аʬܵתҶ絭ȻһЦϵŮͯ
С£㻹ҶһҪֹҶĶ
ô죿ҶʧЦѵӵɣ
Ҷ󼱵ǡǣС°£
˵СֻһӤСµʶͱˣСаʬѾ꣬ҺǵھҶ籧Ʋ죬Ҫ޵Сһ
˵ֻĵаʬܣҶŪˣǲȻСһ壬ӤļҲаʬܳϹϵɣ
ðɣҵɵܵܣܸˣҶһôɰӤôܺ͵аʬܳϹϵҲòԼܵܵ
ðɣɰĽ㣬һ˵ף𣿡
ðɣôԵķϣҾ͵һ׶ʦɣҶѺӽˣڵϣ˶ȣ¶Цݡ
ллʦҶһѧһס
ţʦ㰡ǺŶȿȣǸʵһֻ裡Ҷ֣µɤӡ
ˣ
ţˣ
ŶҶưˣˡ
ҶҶԴ˵ԣްôаʬܲһξɣҪŴԡռɱ䣡
СӦǵҾ˵ϵӵʲô嶼ֵǮԭСǵаʬתЦ˻ΪСҩݶɵأ
װĵܵܣ׬ˣСһǵаʬܵĵֻҪʱ䣬쾳ȫû⣡˵Ѿаʬķ룬ֻҪǼǿϴȥǰʶǸӻΪս裡
ս裿û뵽ͷҺС¾ȻΪս裡޳ҶˣȻе޳겻ѡ
װĵܵܣ벻ҪҷпˣѾռ˴ˣţû֣˵ѩôҶѩѩҶͻȻ´ŨСһ˸ɰ֡
ҿ𣿡
Чͽѩˣɰ
ѩôððɡҶ㿴Ҷ粻õ飬ʱڴӦ
ˣ㣬һŶѩҪɱ䣬ܳΪս裿ͻս裬ûɲãСʶһֺη
Ͳ˵ˣҪ꣬Ҳܾͼ£ҪħʲôʱˣתĵаʬɳǷǳģͰʱҶҰɣչˣ˵£ҶҲָ̬ٺҶ㿪Ц
ܵܣ¬취޸Ļ¾Ͳ࣬ó⹦ľ繮̣
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Ȼ̶̼յĹ򣬼Ƿ˷츲صı仯ǵĶȺɽƣɽ֮һҶƮɽȣлƷȡ
Ʒоסһļ壬ƼңȻǰƼҾȻŲҰ֮ƷȾȻǿߡ
ЩǿأΧŻƷȣ㵴ɽϲͣȴ֪Ѱʲôɳȥ̽һûлŻ
գŷʹع¶½ң޵͸¶ƷнҪһĹѾð˷׶
գҶҼͻȻĵȫټҶãҶҲһͬٻ
սӵϢƷפһţĸǵĿҲ˷룬⼸ռǵգƽļǣǱǰļžҶɨһ۵ĵӣһҶ㡣
Ҷƾ޶Ϊնһλһλһǿߣһսȼ𣬷ͷһʱ
ĵվһλãֻ˵ֻ߲͡
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ʱѡܳĵӣһж̽פƷȵŵ˭ҪǵʵҪǵĿģ
ȻܹǹٵģףΪǶеͬʱҲ˵ģÿ˶ɽؾѡһǱǹǵҩǿѡһ
ǰһһԽؾѡһüĵҲβס˷ܡ
ҶҶ˵ҶҵĲؾ湦ҩӦоУÿһƷͣؾѡÿһҶӵ顣
ȻҶȴһ˿ЦݣҶνıڼȷͣȻ½Щȫ
жļĵڻҵĴڣõǷиܻ¡
Ƕж𣿡ҶȻ
Ϊ岻ݴǣкĵӰҶڣ־ǵͷγһս۵Ӱ
Ҷĵͷã־²˳٣ھȥؾԺΪ׳оƣ
ҶҵĲؾ󹲷Ϊ㣬ƽʱһ¥ʱţÿԲ֮ҹһؾ󶼻ѿţҶͨӵĶ¼ʹߡ
ڶȴֻЩԼ⹱׵ӵܿţ¥صıڼǰ´ߣʹá
ؾ󵽵ײʲô˵֪μҶҲûһοѾʮ꣬һν˾ҶĸףҶ죡
̤ؾʯףϵϢʷĲɣɢ˵ͷϵ¥ݻλƣƺʱһ㣬Źӵ̨ףҶ˻ؾĵڶ㡣
̫ϳϣʮҶ죬ĵѡ䱦Ϊ⣬뿪رţٽ¥ŵʱͻȻפ㣬ŴŹ˵



ڶʮ 
֨£һɳ֮𣬴ŻĴ򿪣һɷ⳾ѾõϢӿ϶ֲɣ
տķһţûκΰ裬˵ҩˡ
֣Ҷһ֮кȻһӣÿһӷΪ㣬ÿһ㶼ţÿһ֮ڣһ
ˣ¥еıǵҩǸ߼Щһ飬Ҳ޸
ֻһѡĻᣬҪֻ֮ҪְϣȻͻʧͻᵽ֣
Ҷֻһλᣬ˱Žҵڶ򣬺ߣʱը˵ԼͱֱûǣˣֻһСʱʱ䣬ѡñٶ˳ؾ󣬲κε󣡡
ܵܣҪĸ߽㡣ҶסҶ֣ʵ
Ҷ㲻һůȻҶ˼ҪĻøԼ
㣬ֻ㲻ͣıǿܺúõıҰ
ҶĿҶ㿴һᣬҶգصĵͷ
صҲѲҵĻϣҩ˵;󣬶أ֮Ȩȣ츫ƷʽϸߣǶʺңҼϬĹֻѧЩڻƷȸ̶ȵıס
ףâɽҶĿתڹܵԱ߿С֣ʱǰһ
ˢһϢͻȻ֣Ҷ㿴صâɽһӱߡ
һഺ˧ݳҶǰɫͷĸԣһ˿Ҷ㲻м˵ⷨѾҵˣǷǱģ
٣Ǹ㣬𣿿ֻؾ߲Ϊ۶¥ͷܰȺˣ㣬㻹ԶأĻֶ񶾡
Ҷ֪ҶȱҶĺĵӣʮ壬Ѿضľ磬Ҷҵ֮һ
ܲܰȺҲ֪ɱɱͻеģҶĿ͵ǰ̤һʮԺͶʮ࿹⣬޷Զڳʾ԰Ϊ
˵ĿһĪ֣ɫɫĹâҪһ
ҶȱѵѾϴεĽѵѾˣҲٴμϵĹҵܵܣٸǸŵƾʹ˽ҹ
ҶĿһֱҶӰҶȱǰƣüͷһ壬ȵ
һȣҶĵӷ׷ͣеĶ£ȴûһ֨ǱأΧۡ
ĵҲŴµͬıơ
ƾʲôⲿõֵģȻҶȱҶȱŴ˵ǲؾҶҲ棬ŸҴ
ƾʲôƾҵʵҶһڶ˵м䣬ǿҵƺȻҶȱϢĸоž⣬˼
Ҷȱɫ䣬ǳ鶯˼£ᶨĹâҶ㣬ѵҪԶŮ˺ϴαҶҶˬɣ
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𣿺ðɣɹˣҪӮˣϴâɽ˫ַҵǿĹҶ䣬ȴ͸©ǿš
ҶҶʹһǰһĻҶȻʱȣҲûйǼСֻҪǲ֮ǰʹ˽ҹգҶȱᣬкɲս
ߣôĿãҪһСˣүϡǸԴ飬ֻڵѧУԺҹڵѧУҰǽڲؾѡȨңô
Ҷȱ֪ԼҶĶ֣ڽҶ㣬ȴֵʮ㣡
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վסҶȻɫƽޱȣǱǰļž
Ҫʱ䣬һ㹻ҶͷҲص߳ؾҶȱһ۱ŭ״̬Ҷ죬һҧҲ˳ȥ
ǰҶƵùڵϸҶǸһĻĿǿʼҶȱǺĵӣҲûеλĺĵӣܼĺĵӡ
Լ׵ܵܣԸ˵һ仰ԺĺҶ㡣
ǰҶͷ¶ŭһаҸ⣬ҸҪҶڵѧУҶڵϸ
ڣˣҶѾӦԼ㱻סҲûɷõĻᣡһΣһҶܵڵѧУ
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ãҪһɿֲ֮ϢѾתۼƺѪһɾʹ
ȻҶȱôӦȱʲô쳹Ķʡ
Ѫͣļһֱ۱׵˰գصǶҶȱɫŤ
𾪣
ҶĵȫĿɿڴʶԼĸ첲ȻôϲҶȱѾһ꣬һЩ顣
˭Ҳ뵽һ棬նҶȱһֱۣ˵սǶôˣ
ȡֱ۵˾ȻΪҶһʲôΪ
ҶҲЩˣҶС̫ˣ̧֮ȡ˵һۣҲ亹ֱðſһĻε
ҶСܵĹȥûڵϲҽдҶȱǹĵĶҶ㣬ϸĵļûˣ
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Ҷ쾾ĵ۰֮ǣԼǰͱһҿڣɥӣѾûκϣ
Ҫ̫ϳϸöǸҶСӣͱףĳͷǼһˡ
岻ϣһ͵㸮ϣҶȱɫҰףĺˮͣĵ䣬ѵ˵
¸ҳҶ˸аĹâ



ڶʮ Ʒ
㡭ҶȱǺ⣬еһ˿ڣԼƣô䵽³ʵû
Ըķ䣬㲻ԸԼҵǿԿǰʱͲˣҶв
ͨҶȱȻڵϣѸոѡâɽֳʸҶ㡣
ҶһץסâɽŽ㣬תؾȴĿһҶ죬ɻĹâ
ݵĲҶĵڿҶʱ¶Īľ⣬Ҷѡʱ򣬾Ȼûһ˸Ҵ߹ȫƹǸӡ
ףǳҶĿתļһŵд֣ͷȻĪӿƺѪ
Ҷְ֮ϣžȻһֻܾӣ͵һǣһˣһɫ鼮С
ȻڸմֵɲǣڵľԪʼתǳͻȻҶ㻹ûзͱڳĻճɻҽˡ
һûذҶ㱯ߵץصֽңһơ
ҶһŵҩҶУЦʧɡ
㣬ҩ˵ûãŰɡҶٴҶʱһĪľ񲨶
ǡǳҿôˡҶԹţͱϵݸסˡ
ҹĻ٣㵴ɽгĶˣÿһ˵һʾŲ׵Ϊһ֧ĺ棬һһŮ
˵ͨˣûӴƣҲûŵ棬ŮݾޣеӢ˧֮⣬ͨͨ
¼ң½ңϹңҶңÿһӶˣҶһŵϵӵܶҶȱλãݺƣ¶ЦݣҶҶǰ棬θҶʾãƺӽҶ㡣
ԭҶ㲢ǰΪΣûнͽңзĸףĸ׾ͻΣա
Ҷҵ̫ϳҶѡñ֮ԽӼҶ㣬׿ڳŵ֤Ҷϵİȫ
һ·Ҷ˺Ҷ˵Ц֮⣬û˵һ仰ͬҶ㿳ȥҶȱֱһĻҶӵܣ˭ҲҺӴ
ǰǻƷˣλѾӼ֪ǴеĿģڱ·ÿһӸһ񡣡¼ҵӣҲĴӳ˵
ǳ¼Ҷһӣ̽ǴеĿģԵĵ֪ǸĴϹҸ˽ŵĵϸҪõϸµϢҶҺ½һӣŵʵұעƷȴʱΣյĵطǰļһңôκ˽ģǿɷ֪
Ŀ˸֣صľ
ãھжһɫΪźţһѣͷźɫĻ棬˭ֻҪ棬ٶӪȣˣСʱ֮ΣҪش˵أȫҪڽĲ֮󣬴ų¼ҵǱҹɫ֮С
ǽܸ̽ʣµзɣ
ҶĿ˸ףĴĿĲפƷȵĶţǸںĹ
ǲ徫ӢƷȵΧҪΪĹ׼
Ǹһ˿Ц˵뷨ҶһʧҹĻ֮С
ܵܣһ԰ȫΪأģҶ֪Ҷ뷨ѵ
Ҷͷ㣬һȿȥҽȥ
УұһߡҶɫһ䣬̽ĹϢǵ񣬵ǣҶȴִˡ
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ܣţƿžŹһ㶼šĻһҪŻ
šҶҲӹҶݹĶصĵͷӰʧҹɫ֮С
Сʱ֮һ죬һӰǽͷ£Ŀɨӣſһˣڰ֮С
ǰһһ߱ǵķ㴫˹èڲľߣߵƻĲ®֮¡
һŮפϣʮͣҰ׵ɫųݡԶһŰ崲һ긾ˣòŮ߷ƣˡ
һҵĿŮæҵܵͷͣİ˵ĺ󱳣˳Ϣһ̸
ǽǲǽǸˣ
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࣬Ҳ⺢Ӹȿȡȿȿȿȡҡͷ̾ϢһҵĿԣ
ûµģҵǧǵΪʲôŮɻܾ֮󣬻˳
ҲˣҲ֪ŵһЩˣҲգھ͸ɡйţ˽Ϊֻһţ̫ϳϵΪΪ
ߣ𣿰ھϹŴս֮󣬹Ѿʼ˥䣬ѾϹŵĻԻͣдϧΡ
ѵǹϹŵţȵʵÿһϹŴţѾΪţôһ겻
ߣţڻԻ͵Ϲţƨ㲻ϣϹŹŵĻԻͣͲǾȣǾ壡ǹϹſµһţ˵ϹŵĹţдһ˿԰
ǾϹһսѾưܲǹӲдڵıͱһɢߣҪǼαôнĵ̣ЩǹŴġȿȿȡٴξҵĿԡ
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ŮɻʵôܣȴڶûʵְǹŻֻǶţ
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Ҷʱǰһ˷ܣеĿˡ
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Ҷʱ׻ɫ˲òҰףߵķǱķȿڣȻĹڣ
վԲ֮ҹǽʱǸʱֻҪҵѪƹⵤҾܴһֱͨʮ磬Ҳ᲻Ȭ쳣˷ܣһԵĽһ鶼Ůȴ뵽滹һ֮͡



ڶʮ Ѫƹⵤ
ǵѪƹⵤʲôŮɻʵ
ѪƹⵤʱϹŰٻŵҩһûκΪķˣѾķˣڷֱ֮磬ʮܷ֮ϴ裬ıʣ
Ҷ𾪵죬÷ʮ֮ҩǾʲôĴڣƶϢȥĺ䶯ʤʮ籩
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ٺ٣ⵤҩֻԷЧΪĴڣһöûУҪⵤҩֲңǣѪƹⵤһãų֮⣬ûеڶ֪˵Цš
ּĵҩҲ޼ֻۣҪ˭ֵҩᾪླǿԳᣡ
Ҫ֪кܶߺͷమ֮˲ôֻܹĵҩһ֪ķˣ
ŮγĿһ˿ɻ󣬡ʲôأ
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Ҷһ𣬵ҩھȻ̺֮֮Լ̳ӡǣΪ߳ƵĽޣ
˵ⵤҩ죬ԲΪ
ĵҩĸŪһţĸ׾ԶˡҶѹסе˷ܣźڣӲݴʧڲ®Զ
ܼȥڽİȫΪҪҪҵ㡣
ҶѾıĹ켣һƷȵĻƼҲûѣҲûĹĳ֣Ĺ٣ǳΪ˷ӿĳУǿѾȴҶ羹Ȼٴѡ
ҶߵļΪСģϢȫأʶ̽⣬ӽķȿڣȻߵͻȻһûɵĵģϵȻϣ
Ҫ֪ߵĸӦǼΪ׼ģǶ׵ĸоѳʧ
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Ѫƹⵤ
ҶȻһȻ뵽˲®Ǹ˵ĽܣȷˣȭͷСĵҩǱΪĵѪƹⵤ



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Ҷգ֮ͳ嵽˵Ѫƹⵤǰ
ǣͬʱȻһӿ֮Ľ



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𣡹û뵽羹ȻĴڣףǿôһλ΢ϣϧϧħ𰡣ϾܻһӢ䣬Ϊǿˣ
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ڼ۵յʱĽҪʯأƻؼһУǵֺĽɢɫâɡϣɫȻײ
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Ȼȴ𾪵ķ֣Ǹ˵ĶӣƾͽɱѪǺεȵ죡
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ѪƹⵤѾҶУǸߵĻҲҶ㳹״ݻ٣Ӹһ仰֮弲ۣѪʬȫ˹
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رͼҳ¼ıͼڵϹλܵĹҾͲö֪ˣֻ쳣ƽⲻ͵֣ܳҶ֣Ӧȫƽ⣬ɹ롣
˵󲿷Ϊ棬˭Ĺȴò֪ȥüǵһ˵ǽһǾһ



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ҶԴӵõâɽûʱ˼򵥵ĳһЩʳֱѰһž֮أʼչء
յʱתۼҶչصɽϼƣĿĹâסҶ壬âɽҳȻ飬Ҷ֮վ
ϲҶ͵ܣΪһҶɲǣԶ˹ʱĳɢŵʣǿϢûһй¶ƺֻһͨķһ㡣
´٣ϲʮҶĿ⵭Ȼȭϲ
üϲɫȥЦ͵ǻۣ͵ܵĸ˰죬һİ£ͻˣ͵ȣĺհ
һҰ޵ĲرͼڳУһѪҧָһλɫѪ䡣
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رͼռ˲䣬ѪɫƺһҶ㾹Ȼȵķ֮ƺѣ
ÿˣƬռ䱻رͼӡˡһ䣬гһһḥ̂ɫĹâš
ҶջĿ⣬ļΪ󷨵ʵ󷨾ǳ¼ƾմ֮ǲرͼ
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ʱ֮ɫĹâͣ˲佫մȾһ˸ɫâˮ
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ķҶһâͣ
Ҷ͵գʣһƲл꣬ұӡƾҵΪ赣ģҸֻҪƽ룬ĹеıȻһ룬һ룡յȥֻ·һֻƽƣпܻ߳ȥ
浤ңʮ֮ƵƣҶ˺þãڵͷӦҲóһ
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һԭǣʽâеĹķǱѰɵʽâɲǣһִĹд˳ֱҶ꣡ҶĹڴ
֮ʮ죬ҶȫչؿУڷ浤֮󣬲ͣĵȷ⣬浤ҩ缲ʱ
ʽâͻȻһŹâͻȻҶĻɫĹâӻ뾭ڵڣ
ԭѾС̴Сһʽâ͸ﾹȻڻָ֮󣬿ʼͣ䣬â˸ͣҶ㵤ǲͣ
˿һĻһޱȡ
ΪҶ㵤ﾹȻĵЩڼΪŵļһ￴һΪǼˡ



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Ҫ۾ͻȻһϴӡγһķͬʱһӡǸǰ۾׷ӡ
ҶһҪ۾ɲǣٴθʽâɵãҲſ죬һذ衭
âھȻһ棬ħ͹壬ӰӸֳ޾ĹǰէһȥƺӰӣʵ壡
һԾȭһȭ֮£飬޵Ľı徹ȻȫչֳӴ巢һŭ
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صƾȻܹӲдڣҶ㼫Ϊ𾪡
໡
һɰ羪κˣ˷Ҷ˳˹Ҷһ֣ԦŹǰյԱС
ħ𾭹ʽâļƺŸһ¥ƣ׻̨ףѾʵ塣
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һƺصһͨĵ·ȻƲռ䣬ڰɽ֮УŲɣϣֲϢȻϮ
Ҷͳʶõʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ԼѾվ֮ϣ
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ħҶŭһħȻʣһƥĳɫҫϣȻɫâŽӴɲǡ
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תֿ۵ĹҶжʱ¶𾪺ϲû뵽۾Ȼšֻأ
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ʶ̧һâָкһ֮£ûһâڵʽâĵһȫһ
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ٺˣһ亹һͻɥ֮ϣ
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ıҶеһɻֺǿĸоǸվǰĻҶоԼϣԼǿ
ˣɲһıǳ¼ഫı˵ǴұΪǳ¼֮ķ䣬ʵһ쾳ǿߣ
Īĳ¼Ҳһö˵ǶҲڶö
Ҷ㣡ɫҰףŭһһֱҶȥɢɲǣѪɫڲظһҳֽȻ顣
¼ҷΪ֮ѪɫΪ˵ֵһΪһŷֽ



ʮ ı
Ҷɫ糣кâһǰƽ˵´٣εʵھ޴ҶĳƲסҪҶĳѣԵ㣡
ĿһҶһۣɱﰵҲãһѪʼɻû
һΣ쳣䣬ѾûǰĿһҶ˾롣
Ҷɫâ֣ԶŹһ֮֮ڣɲǼ䣬⻪š
ڵƺܲסɹ⻪ľ޴󣬿ʼͣҡɫĹâ͸š
𣿸ƣҶЦһ϶죬ȻһȭſʼҵҡΣڵҪҶ壬ÿһζȭ顣
ۣһȣٴſ֮Ϣӣɫ˲ţͬʱҶȭӶĺÿһȭ̺⣬
һ죬ڳزסȻ飬ҵڶʼͣҡΣ޾ʯ׹䡣
ǷһƲл꣬ϹŴս֮нӵһֻܹӲдʶǼ𣬽ʣսʶ
ɲġţľԪٴ֮ɫ쳣ƣɺɫѪٶȱǰһ
Ҷ͵ܣҪŭˣֻҪǰѽĲл飬˳ĹˣѵǽɢűŭϢɫĳͻȻһ貵ĹâĿҶͳˡ
Ҷѹͷųͬʱħ͹ͬʱ֣Ҷм䡣Ŀ˸ͣ룬Ȼڵ´ԲʵҶĳҪǣ
Ҷ˵βʵ
лȻƴʵȴʮǿߣҪĨɱл֮꣬ԲУ֮ǰ˵뼴ɣȴ˵л꣬ѵʵ𣿡
ʧٵĥ֮ϣâ֣Ȼܹ񱬷ĽâЦ˵ԭҶ͵ܾʵҲû˵Ĳлླʵֻ֧룡Ҳûƭ㣡һ仰֮ǰ˸㣡
֮·ȻˣͻƽƾͲҪȥͻƲ˽ķӡֻ·һԾڴˣϤ㡣
Ҷɫ粻Ƭ̣¶εɫųЦ´ٵǺưвرͼḥ̂ݴ˵أ
֣л겻߹û֮ǣջıֲΪأ
ҶĬƬ̣ʵˣɷĹ˵˭
׼ȷ˵ﲢĹᣬһλϹŴܱչذڡ˭ҳ¼ҵûϸļأҲ֪εʼ硣
ϺʣƣڰлһͼΣγһ޴ķģâͿеĽâԺ£
һҫ۵Ĺâһ𣬲ȴûеĵرɽݣȴǽâȫɣɫĹâͣıǣɵнâ֮Ѿǳһ޴ͳŽ񼲳۶ȥ
ɫĹâһ磬Ȼýܵ޴ΣգͬʱͻȻſ죬۹򣬾ȻУ
Ǵҩһδͷ
Ҷ͵ܣְɣɫһ䣬Ҷ㽹ĺ
ҶĿ˸ԦŹܣɫĹâȾɽǿýҲһݡ
ʱǾȻһ˿ЦݣرͼĥͻȻɳһȻĹâڵħĥӿ
ĿȴɽĴϣдһصķӡ
̿ɱ
ÿ³һ֣ѪɫŨŨڴɱ־ɲǣԪĵѪɫŨһӴܳɢɽ
ΰĺڰ֮񰡣ػֺڰأҳϵϵϹɸ׷󸴻Ѫϥأޱϡ
Ҷɫһ䣬ΪеһεѾ֣ѪɫϢƺҪǣѪ룬а񣬿꣬ŰиȻ֮ѪɫϢȻ£ǰĹһż۹Ľһȫס
ھԭα¶𣿺ٺ٣ѵĻҶǰǸ𣿡Ҷһ˿Цǰһ˿ĸоϮиѹȥ
໣һ˻צ͵ץ˹ŭϢҶͷ޲̽˺顣
Ҷɫһ䣬ĿĹâͫбâڰγһĪͼ֮ƺҪأѹ£
ϣһӵһצӾȻ飡Ѫ죬еĽɫâȥƲֱֹѹȥ
ˣȣءսܵĽμٺˣӵۿͻȻǿĺڵĹâ
Ҷʽâңӳһʱ⻪ţ쳣վѪɫĳһ˿ӵЦݣзӡϡ
´٣ھͲסҪҶĳ𣿡Ҷ㷨ׯϣâ֣һ˸Уʱнɫֳ
ɱĿ˸Ԫɢڵӡϣһ֮ʱȻѤõѪâһ磬ֱҶϮ
صĹΪؼգҶ͵ܣӦø˰ڿʼҾǳ¼ҵһ󹦳ҲǬɴ޵쾳ǿߣ޼ɵĴЦ
ҶѰĿľڴˣνĵƣѲסʮ֮ĳֻҪ룬ƿȫɹɽ
ҶͽѪĹṱ׸ڰħõ쾳ƵôŹ˺õĻᣡ
ѵ½֮й¶ȥǬɴһϯ֮𣿡Ҷɫйâ˸ͣ
ӵĿһҶ㣬֮ڴ½Ѿ۷Ĵڣ˵ҵ鷳ң֮£ֻ֪֪ʧôħ飬ֻ˭֪أǲǣҶ͵ܣ
ѪɫһǰգۼѪɫȻŴĿĹâŻֺȻѹ˹
˲ɽȻ飬ƵһӱߣҲ̱֮ҵʯͷڽӴɲǣ˲ÿή
һʱ䣬޾ȫУѪɫŸӻֺǿ
𣿿ʧˣҶȻһЦͫ΢ĿĹâħٴγУ弲۶ȥɫâ岻ƶ˰벽



ʮ ɱ
ħ𣡹ͫħƣӰٴɣͬʱһɴҵӿϮȻԶԶֹѪɫҲһ͡
һӵĹת
Ҷħ䣬һס壬漴һǿ֮Ȼ£񷢳һŭٴα߷
ԶҶ˵Ӧû棬ƣ
ħȱһ꣬ɣһսʿ۶ɵħɱȻǿɱʴҶʶףζȱһǿԦ
Ĳлʺħ꣡
𡭡໡ҪѿħԽǷңԽǲħУ
Ҷһ˻𣬻ڵ緢ʱҴѪѾ˹ƺʱбķա
âڿγһ֮ͼ漴˺һɾһӽĲл꾡
ħһ飬Ĳлȫӿ룬âըɢʱֺѪ˼۶Ż֮ܣҶɶ¡
ħɴһĻһ߶ԪӡٴαһεķӡҪʼһµö࣬ǻֺ֮
Ѫʼ¶һ˿ЦϱۣһѪ䣬ƮӡϣͻȻһâγһ«״Ҷбؿ
ˣҶ촽һѿڶħ֮ȻһȻռ䶶һõĻ𻨡
Ѫ˻һ貵ĵâһ϶Ȼһͨĵ·Ŀ֡
һ׾ٵĽƥ貵ĻƳһ·Ҷ㲢ûƿϲã쳣ء
ѪֺѪ˾Ǽ򵥵ķƿжȻè塣
ȵľʱ򣡡ǾȻ¶һ˿Цݣɫĺ«Źâڵ·ɲǣ˲䱬һâ۹
â۶ɲǣѪٴΪһ壬ѪɫĹâһͷ­ƺϾҪҶɵ
Ҷɫһ䣬ȻʶѪ˱һ·ҪԭȻâһ˿ЦǣתĹâԶŵֲʱ
´٣Ѫ㣬ͱóˣԪĶ޷ҡڣڵĻ汼ڶɢħϡ
ӰҶ࣬۲ͣâѤãֱͬʱ֮ӿڵĹâ͸ռ䣬ֱâ
ǲ㣬Ͼ֪ˣЦҵļһڵŰס壬ԭ嵭ŵĳʱһɱħһ˫Ѫͫǡ
ħңǿĵâ˲ɣһϮâ
âûκɱڵʱ򣬾ȻһţһɫĹ㣬һֻܾϡ
ȻһĻˣ۱֮סˣɫͣ˸âȻͣɫһ֮ǰ
δ𣡵δ𡭡
һλѪҺ䣬úõĵɫ棬Ȼ䣬ɫâȻŴȻѪ˺飬صҶеһ˿־壬漴徹Ȼĳɫƶ
ҿô£Ҷһбħ󿪴ϣնɫĹâڽɫǰ쳣԰
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飡
һɱѪȻϮҶеԼľԪţϸǱѹƣһѪ
޲ƵֶδʱʧȥãħÿÿӰ飬ܶ٣սⰺȻ
Ҷ͵ܣ㿴ֻҪϵĹֱѪʱ򣬾Ǵſ֮ʱڣ͵ܾƷѪĿаɣ޼ɵĴЦţеķӡ첻ÿһѪĹâϤɫϡ
Ҷһͷȥϲ֪ʱһϹŵġ֣
ʱѪѾȾľɣϢɽ𶯣·Ҫһ㡣
岻ͣĳɫ㻬еĺ«ѾѪһգʮֹħ䣬ƺѾ˵ֿ
ˮûˮ𲻷ٻ𣬷粻ɷȻԭˣԭˣһͷҶƺЩ򣬷˵ֿǳںϡ

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ۺ«μӴҶɫ֮ͣ䣬޷κζԷ
ôҶѵҲʮ֮ˣܣɱ룬һֱһ貵ɱ⣬ĺڵϢһţɫɲǣâȻţ֮ڵҶ㣬岻ɵһ
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գɫ«û˿ֱͣҶڣ뵤
һ˲䣬ҶȻһ䣬ͬɱ٣һ񣬳ոմķȻȻըѣһЩһѪ
ʮѵطģ
飡
Ҷ㶯ˣ裬ת䣬Ȼһ˿ףë˲ըϺʻһ֣ʶĳһơ
һеһɴǰȵɽһ㣬Ҳû뵽Ҷ㻹˹
˴գڵ棬Ѫӿһ˿Ѫʳ
ֻǣûӦǰȻֳһâɱȶɭȻֲҶӰ羪һ㣬ɫĹâ䡣

Ͼʮ֮ߣͷ£ֹסεɲǣϺʺգâ磬˲γһ֣ħཻһ
Ҷ㣡ŭһ࣬Ҳ벻Ҷ㲻ȥϵ«ֹѪҷɱƵ·
һĲڵأŷķζըˣһޣȻ
´٣ѪζȷҶϹŲõЦݣµ̯̯֣΢Ц˵



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£ҲҶһ˿Цݣܲãħգһ貵ĵâӭȥ
绨ҹɱ飬죬¹𣡡кһƻֺǿ
âգɱӿʵʣȻڰ;ȻãȻһɭȻĽɱƵڿдһ㵭Ѫɫ
ͬʱɣʽʢĻţڵ洦ûÿһ仨ϻ˸ŵ¹⣬ȻĻ棡
Ҷμ죬磬˸еϢ
ֱһ̣ȻоԾˣһʵ̫ǿˣںγɵһʮʵɿ͸Щη塣
һˣޱ֣һһʣࡢɫâӳһԭ
³֣·һ㣬һɫĻ棬ӿڰպȻ󣬴ԭ֮ơ
ϺʸǱһ֮ĹâһġԴչǰ漴һɱԴ֮һͷϹޣ˺ҧ
飡
һɲǣ챻ԭ֮ȥĻһӽ֮һ紵Ϯĵ¹˲˺ԭ֮
¹ͬ׻еߣ
˺ҧסɱһ飬ɱƥһâǿУ˲䱩ǵ޺缤ײһ
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ɽưܣɱֳڣÿһನһǿóɫ䣬ɱֳԺֲɱʴʶĨɱļ䣡
ȻʱħȻ䣬ɱʵʣȻײڳϺ֮ϣ
һ£ϺʵĹâȻһ޵Ӱ飬ȥǰֱ˺ķһԷ׷ɳȥ
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һʽС⡱֮壡
ʱҶ㲢ûкʮһսʵϵ«㲻һ򣬶ð壬Ȼ񲻿ɵ
һ֮£ѪȻˣҶľԪһӱһ㣬Сȿʼת·ҪԵһ㡣
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Ҷ߬ħɫƽˮһԲ
٣Ѫֻʣһžͻ᳨Ҷ͵ܣҺΣĬƬ̣̬ŵͣһַʽҶŹ
ҶһɨȻϵġѾѪâţ·ϾҪһ㣬վһ衣
ɱңĹ¼ҽҶĬɫһ䣬漴ȻɣϻָȻЦݣҶ㣬һһٵĵҲųȥ
Ҳɱ㣬һٲǷ飡ҶڴƳĬڵɱɱˣܽѾļޣ˳ˮۣǸ顣
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һѪɫӡڳü˸ȻѹֵϢҶĺһϣΪһ⣬Ӱʧԭء
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۾ԽԽһ˿ͷҪ׽ʱȴֲ׽٣ĶԽԽ
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һţţšſţâǼϾȻǶžſӣ͵ʬ겻顣
Ҷͷſķͽǳˣ𣬷ӯ쳣˵ǰΪ֮ߣ߳ơ
رǰҶϲɫҲûóȻǰժ£ϥڵϣĬٶϴĿھ
ҶظرûнƵػóȻ֣õܰȥֻƽͣ±һƽģĻԵ



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С·֮ϣҶ㲽Сģϸ۲ΧһһľǰȻʣһƬ¥ǰһ޵Ƭ¥֮ϡ
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ѶȲսԣŸм飡ҶһĨЦݣѣֻǰ
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һȻ䣬תۼ䣬ԭõĳޱưܣ̺żƻڵһУ
׼磬ӿƺҪһ㣬˵Ҷ㣬ʮǿҲΨһ;
Ȼ쫷֮ڣҶβͣƶÿһ£ǺңңӦ
룬Ҷȶȹ궼Ҫ쫷ɢɲǣҶ㻯һ⣬ͻȻչһһץסӣһקƾʧ
˿ӻһ⣬ͻƲ谭񷣬ʧ
ֵɲǣҶͨһӵڵ棬亹͸˫ͨͨͣǾţ˷ܡ
ܳɹͨƣشҶˣƾһӣϲ
Ӷߵԣô޷ݵģܹãҶܴ죬ʮ֮
ʱһϸıɣ亹ȫᣬҶ㲻һ̧ͷһĺ
ܷ쳣⹬ȴůɫΪ˵ǹһŮӵ޹
ãۺɫĴڲûˣǴһף
ҶףԭԴǴ˵أȻף
һۣҶͱǰһĻ𾪣ûмòŮˣʲô㣬߻һȣȫȻʧɫֻŮڱ֮ڡ
ŮһȹڸǳӨļں˳ĳڼ֬ѩ˸һ⣬˫Ŀ΢գγһǳǳĺΣͦΣ˫˵Ĺâ˯úܰݡ
ΪˣҶľŮԲǽҶһȣҲ磬ȫȻʧɫ



ʮ 佻
Ҷ㳢ŷֳһ˿ʶʶڽӽ׵ɲǣ˲飬һеķȻγɣסһҪ֮
Ϣǿ󣡡ҶȻһ弱ٺˣĿо˸ڱڵľŮӣ֪ΪΣϤĸо
Ŀһ٣֮ƺǴ̣һڱ̶̶һĻ䣬⻨ýޣɫĻ亮ӿɫʯһ㡣
ĵĻſг˾Ůıף
ȻԴͷڱ̶Ļ䣡
佻ҶһӲɴˣϹŵһ滨佻ЧɢĺҲĺô
佻ƺֻڴ˵УǬ½ǧУ佻ֵĴָڣһʢ佻ǰ
Ҷϥڵϣ֣һ貵ĽâȻʱǿӴĴд˳͵ĹâȻ
飡
һ죬ƿƣڱ֮ϣ
Ҷ֮һ𣬴ĿĹâȻһʱ䣬âʢҲ֪ô£ֻоԪһԵĹ֮У
صѪƹⵤĿ¥ʱӿס
ɲ佻Ҳ׿ţĺɢ΢΢һžһ׵ķױ飬׸Ǵ򿪣֮ӰȻվ
ѵҪˣ
Ҷɫһ䣬֣ԼľԪȻܿƵķ˳ȥǻϵȵĻһԵӿȥ
ûоԪ֧ŵҶɾ޴б˺ɫüΪ԰ףӵתѸ٣佻ҲȫʾıǸվŮƺָоǻϢʱ
ҿ㣬ˣ˵ģҶҪˣѪѾȾʶʼɢ
һűҶǰ֣סҶദһ佻һâţͣƮŮͬʱҲҶС
ʱ䲻֪˶ã͵ĹâðСָ״С佻𽥵㣬һƬƬ껯Ϊ˪ڱ
Ŀǣ߳̾һŮȫɵʯϣϸۻļӨ񣬷˵ջȻʯҲƽ
һжȻʧɫһõȶԵӹףֳףմȾ׵Ϣ̲סΪŮ
ǰצһſҶĻ޳ϸȲ΢˫ĿĽëһһƺϾҪһ㡣˫˵Ĺâ˺޲ñסһڡ
ҶܲѪƲһŮԸеĺ󱳣һɻ֮ĸо˳
ĻˣΧѾû˱ĺǿԷͽҲʧȥɢڿռ䣬Ůһ˿ҵҶĻ˯ú
˼£ȴɢһɰʢ˵Ϣ
Ƿ޸𣿡ΪˣҶڵĴУһһı𣬾вŮ˰ʾѪ̸Ů˽顣
֮һŮôܲѪˮ
ƽƬ̣Ҷӵϲɫ
ͻˣһ֮󣬾ȻĪͻˣ죡
һɹɰľԪ˳ȵĸӿӯ֮
زȫǰҶ㴺ĵʧģ͵طҴ·Ĭϴľ
˺ð죬ŰеѹȥٿŮʱĿһһǣȻдĸ֡ӡ
ʱӿӣξһ߳Ƶǰ
˵ڵ˲֪ӻпԭɶʮ֮Ǭ½ȴ˲֪ӵһΪͨ쳹أʮɱһˣǧﲻУǶõдգסһɴݣֶκ̣˳Ϊɴޡ
ˣסݵģ½˴Ϊ½˵YY˵˵ǴżҲΪͬˣʮСǲϹŶYYѶ
ͷ⺧ˣϹŵһ֮ŮϹŵһŮ츳޾ף䱾޽ӽ֮Ĳǿߡ
װġɴޡּˣû뵽μ棬㾹Ȼѱǧ˲˵ѱٵ¥Ҳˣܶȹһҹ˵Ե𣿹ϰתҶ㣬̰Ŀ˼۰塭
λҶӡ̣İգһҶһϷԣϷλӣû뵽ѾͷаԵĳ֣ҪɱҺҶٶȾˣ롣
ѾͷѹûŹϧҶһǣǿ֣Ҷһ˵ȥѾͷ߳ŭǲ֣׷ɱҶ㣬Ҷ˴
ҿȷһż裬һ˿ס࣬ҪҶû׼ʹԽˡ
תһҪɱһңԭⲽҶⲻ˵ģһĲʹѵĿ
˵Ӧ÷Ź𣿡ڴͷб˯úıӣĸ˳ĳ
˺óʱ䣬һѪҶָͷϵ䣬ĿµĿھɫ쳣԰ס
ѪӵǣһɴҶ֮һɰľ񲨶ҶһΣЩԵڵء
䣡
ӵʶһƬҪǩһԼ˵ľԶԶ˵ľ񣬷򱻷ɵΣ൱
Ҷ֪űӳ˯ɱƷо鷳ֻľͲľĿɲһ㡣
ǿֻҪ΢һͷ֮ܽ飬죡
ӵƺûоѣΪòƻͣĽ׶ΣʶƺĳλܷӡͷŲǿ
ҶǩԼʱҲ쳣ħӰ֣ԴԴϵ֮ɳܲסԷʶ
ǿǱӵʶҶ㷢ԼվһС֮ϣɫâյɽɫ޾Ĵ󺣺Хӿʱһ˷ŭ졣
С˳𣬽һĺ˽򷭣ڿգҶ㲻ҡΣˮʪǱ֮
ҺΪȥСûб˴򷭣
ˣ
һǵӺߴڽɫâķԴأһֻӲ֪ΪˣҶڵľľ壬Ҷ㱾һѪʶһʹη֧Ų
ҿҪıɱ˰Ҷ͵߶Ԫʼ޲ɵľ
ˣˣ
һڴγɾκˣâɣƾСĿĹâƺҪҶɴ
ߣһϵȻͫʽâڰлһ䣬˲Ŵ󣬽âţֱƲ񷣬˺˾ˣֱ̽â֮Դľӣ
ˣ
һһҪ֮ǰХŭ𣬴ڷˣ籩ݲŴϵһС



ʮ ݼ
һҶƺЩϥڴģһǽϿľģһ֮ľĻһɫ򽣬Сϡ
ĪִҶηХУâЬʤ˭£һƽʹ紵ѣ΢䣬ɽͷбȴӭɪȥҲ޷Ҳ硣
ԭĹһ˲ûɴ½֣â˸СУһ͵ϢֱӵʶҶ۾ƺ򣬾һһٵĴ˳ÿһƺħ
â֮ԴʱѾɢԭ˺ХĴҲƽɫеš
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ˫Ŀ͵һâ˽â֮ԴǾӷһȻըѣ
ţһѪҶü˳ôϣһѪɫϢ֣ӾȻԹٶţ
Ѿǰâҫۣ״Ѫɫ˿߽
ˣ
һѵɢѾپ죬κˣƽ쳣һƬ͡
Ҷ㳤ĺһͷһٴγڱǰ˳ıӣĽë΢΢ǹʢ˵ϢѾҶǰԵúУһη塣
ʱ̱ڵϣ쳣ήңɫҰףƺ
ðɣװɴޣһɱ·ţٺ٣һҵŮͣţŮɼƻҶĵͷ

ĹռؼΪӴ󣬾ʮߣշһ£Ҳδߵóȥ
һգһӢСԭʼɭߣȴͻȻһ𶯵Ҷͣ½Ųüͷһ塣
ӾңʱһǾŮӼ۹ĺһԶžˣץһͷ­Ѫı顣
Ҷ㶨һŮ裬ǹЩѪЩǱβס֮ɫ֬ˮͦΣ촽ˣǴŮ
ʶ˱ӵޣҶĿֻɨһۣʹӹԶžˡ
ԶžӦʧȺôڴ˵֣˵üĴһȭͷСԲ˵ԶžȺŲ͵ĵλ
Զž˵ȺüĴԲĴСǵʵͬеĵλߵ͡
𡭡Զž͵ͣסŲעҶ㼸룬ƺʶԷĲǣڸٶ뿪
ӣСŮΣڵϦ뿴ڴҶߵķϣ빫ӳȣպݼк񱨣ùͷ֡ԭݼΪ˾ȻҶĳ֣ʱþһ˿
ʱҶ뿪ȻˣȻһ˿ݼûɲץסһݡ
¹̴õͦãѱӵǹʹ
պк񱨣һĿջҪװǣܶԷеɫΪ˵Ҷ㵱Ȼͷ
ݼˣ빫ӾңԸһŲرͼݼͷӹæĿڣ̬ŵüͣһӣ˺ľܾ
رͼҶĳȤǹԼðɣҶͷأֱȥͬģߵһݶֵȫûΪһ翵ĲرͼǿµԶžˡ
ݼɫһ䣬ߵԶžɭȻĿ˸ͣҧҧ˵һǾޱ֮ģ
𡭡Ȼ˵Щʲôȴܵĸеһ˿вٴηʾҶȥ
¹ûг⣬Ҷĳʹ˸ǣҶ˵꣬ͷҲصȥҽŲԽԽ졣
䣡
Զž˼Ҷߣ͵ػ裬һɳ£ÿһɳһֱɶ
飡飡
ݼʧ룬һӣһ㵭ɫķʹγɣĶ죬Ҳûȫ谭סһֻɳ
Ѫ֮䣬ݼͫһȫ˻ɳϵʹȥҶȥķ
ߣݼԸǾޱ֮ĺһŷƲݻӳ֣鼱֮£ݼضΪֿԶžˣ
죬ٶҶԲһ٣ƲݣŵѪƹⵤãӷ˱ߵɰգ
ҶȻ٣û˦ݼʱ򣬳ĬҪȷ
һŻ浤֮죬ľ裬һɹϢѾƿݼķѪ졣
浤˵ֻؾɷõĵҩȴ˿鵤ҩһö浤޻ϵ߷ãһϣ
Ҷϻ⾣صĹһϣȻһֱ֮Һ׷ϵԶž˲Ϊܾ
ݣ
滨͵ҩ֣һ˿ʶ룬ȷ֮Ȼתħ֡
лӣݼһ˿ϲɫӹҶɲǣҲֹסΣվҶҲƫ
𣡺𡭡Զž˿վһŭؿڣһصŭһʱԭʼɭֿʼͣĲ
ٳ֣ٻ飡ݼɫһףߴҶ֡
Ŀһݼâһǰһһ룬һƬѩ¶˳俪ڵֿǶҽ
㡭ӣݼˣݼйâһϵͷϴؾȻ͸ҶΪҲãȻȵҪԭ
һҲӦýйˣǿʼɣ֪Ϊ̫ߣԶž˲мһˣڰڼӡ
󣬴۾Ҷ΢΢һ٣ŲƶâĿɫĹâӹܻľȻ֮ȼ
һȴֱŰϢϮĿĵâԶž˲ͣĺˡ
飡
һɽԶž˵ϴ˳ҵ޴ƷڵأĿз죬׹
ݼ¶𾪵ı飬һǿߣʵʦˣҲδУ
߸һƿգɲǣƿһ̣ĽԶž˵֮ϡ

ཻһ̶Ľݼɫһ䣬һɴӿг֣ǿľһѪ˳
һҲŹˣôɱүȥֻȥɣĻ⣬̸Ц֮ж˶Է̡
ǽǰĶĹڵĽƵƽ⣬ӡ佻ԴϴӣʶеʹҶԶհɣ
ħĵ޾
ХһĿĹâ˺˿ռ䣬âˣԴ޾ⷽռȫҶĿ֮£ݹһ
ǿһҵϡʾ޵ʦ㣬Ҳ˰ɣݼˣһϣ֪䣬Լʦȡ
໡Զžƺʶһǿ󣬱һȭͷ۾͸©޾Ĳģη壡
ס֣
𡭡



ʮ ټ½ֵ
һϤ𣬵谭Ҷħ䣬һ죬Զž˺ǰ貵ĵâ飬âȥƲǰݹࡣ
ǿҪʵᱻԶž˲סЩɱݼ壬ٶȲ£һѤõƥ
ٴ佣ĵص㣬ȻԶž˵
໡һŭԶž˷ԼѾ·ˣǰԮͬȻһξ룬Ҫ˲Ѿܡ
ͣ
˵ͬʱ£ݼ̴Զž˵۾ʱͷ­ȻһǻѪӿһѩ׵ȹǰ߰Ѫ
ݼûĵҶһۣȻҶģΪҪǱࡣܿҶʧˣѾͷµһˮգ۹һȾ鴦ָǰ
ס֣û𣿡һ𣬳˷ŭһصĽŲƺͨ棬йŭ⡣
ҪʰսƷҶŲһ٣ĿһԶϮļʮ׿ԶžˣĵһüĴԲǷɱһұλԶž˳ʰΰסȻŷǱѰĵλ
ļϣȴһϤӰҶЩԾ½
ţԭ㣡̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡½ԶҶ㣬Ц
ҲЩȣĹѾ£ûʲôȴԶžϽ飬Ҷʱ򣬺ȻԼȻ͸
ôܣ̶²ΪȻɲ⣬ѵѾ첻ɣң׾ٵɱһԶžˣĪѾʮ֮𣿡
ԽԽ𾪣Խһ˿⣬δս٣½õдա
Ҷâһڵǿɲһ£
ߣˣƤӣҵܵܣգҾʮٱķ½ɫһ䣬зһ죬ƺڱš
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˶Ҷ仰ҭסˣµݼĿһҶ㣬ԽԽһˣԼǿԶžˣ˼ڿԷ
½ǳ飬Ҫ˼ұʲô߼
䣡䣡
ԭʼɭҡεԶ漴һŭ֮ǰҪԽԽŮ˵Ҷ㣬㣡ɣ
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һжûУȻҪԷû绹мԶžֻôֲõҶ˳ɸ̫ࡣҳ̫࣬ʵʣ¾ųɣȻţֱһɵƼǡ
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½ҶݼĿ˸ͣݼɫһ䣬ͻȻڵºСŮӺ޹ϵ»Ҫ£ʹ˸ǣ
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ݼŲһͣ޼ͻʮľѵҩ֮һɰգĿ½ֵӹһҶ㡣
Ҷž޲ƽĿ£еһ˿ܵη塣
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仰Ҷ㲻ĿһݼȻôݼشԣΪжϡ
߸Զž˺ؾǿΧҶ㣬аǶԷѵ˼ˣԣûаգݼ˼ʶҶ֣ʶһʾ޵ʦ˲ſ֮ȼ硣
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𣡡һŭһӣǿħȻͻȻſ죬һɻ͵˳
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âһһѪŻһȭͷ飡
飡
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½ɭŮ˰ǵ÷ϣûԶž˵ֵ̣ܿûеҶӲӲ
ϻ˵ǲҪҶĳ˵ͷǾֵ¼°ɣħһһ嶯ˣ裡



ʮ ˼
󣡡
Զž˺½ֵܼᵽһɫĹâǿƺᵽһ𣬸ǳΪһţ
ʲô󷨣ݼһȱںϵһ𣬶½ֵۣٿı仯
ǵصһɲǣȻʮֹʱⷽ󣬾ʮ֮ǿߣҲնɱ
ߣСЦҶħ䣬ĿĹâȻħĵ޾쾡£貵ĵâңֱɳȥ
½ɭĴЦţϾܿҶ㱻УնɱһĻ
װɣ˼ųȥͻڵĵģ
˼ݼɫһ䣬ֱ׹ϹŵĴУҪλס硢⡢𡢷硢ˮԵߣذ˷ߵۣմ
Իᱬǿ֮˽ɱأ֮ĸҲȫˡ
飡飡
ҶĿһâ䣬ȫһԶž˵ϣȴһµײԷȻûһ˿ڡ
λʱת½ĳԷһ·ƽϷִ֣Բ򣬺ߣһߣֱݼ
˲òҰףʤʮһԪңŵŵĺ˼ЩһѪ¶˼֮⡣
˼𣿽һۣҶܲס𣿡ݼȻһЦԭ԰Ϊʱδء
л½ӵĺ⣬СŮѾݼᶨҡҡͷ
ҶƬ̣ڵҳ飡
ߣⰡҾµһԧ죡Ȼ½⣬ҶҲýͣݼֻɫһ죬͵ƳҶһۡ
ˣ
½гһСӣӴһãһǵɢͬʱһ˼ȻŴһӽԶҶݼס
ݼʶãҪܵʱ򣬺ȻԼѾԷ޷ƶˣ
ʱвЩڣҶƽžݣͻȻһ˿ϣ
תǰҶֻ¶һ˿ԭİ˼Ѿʧȥ𡢽ԵԶžˡԣ㣡
ˣҶûгֱ㣬ڵȣһһĺʱ
ذɫĹâͣ˸׹ʱһڴֵ䣬ĿĹâ˲ըѣڵĵ͵䣡
ǸĴ󣬿ڴˣǸ󣬶һգߣƣ
ҶһͻȻ͵ڳħâһ٣ʱܣâ졣
ɵ˰ɣʦ󷨹Ȼдã½ɭЦ½Ƥһһ˿ĪĲͷ
ͣ
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ҲҪɱңһʶԶž˵УԶž˾ܲ׶ԷĻܵĸеһ˿á
ȻҶٶȳ죬ͻȻԴȫȥٶ֮죬Զž޷ܣֻܾ˫۵ֵһͷըӰٵˡ
ɣ
һȭֱȡ
ݣһ޴ֱƳգֱҶ
иı䷽ҶҲҿȥӣһ࣬巴ȥȻˣĿ֮ڿһۣϡ
ضҲţҶһڼǰеʱ򣬽Źԣ̽һץİһץС
ȴû뵽һҶ֣ɨ¡
ħ𣡡֣ҶѾԷľԣɫĻȶһơ
ž͵һ䣡
𣡡
ҶζȻľԵԶž˵ǰӡħ̹ǣȻȥ
Ҷʵһ䣬Ǿ飬οԶž˵ͷ­
ȻԶž˵۶
飡
һ죬Զž˾޴徹Ȼһӱ䣬һžĴ죬һ棬䵹صɲǣ֮˼
һĻݼˣһ̣ŷҶֶβÿһʵ
ħȣϮɲǣѾƿԷķľˣʴǵħľʱзŹ֮
ҶӡɲǣһǣҵͻȻϮȻתӡķһץ۶ǿҲѶȥԪһ֮۳룡
һĻڵʯ֮䣬½ֵѾɵˣһ˿⣬֪ҶǶǴԶžŷŭҲȫʧˣȡ֮η壬ǿҵη壡
½СǰͽЦϣ˼ֻߣͱˣҶ䣬θǼٷɳۡ
½ɭǾȻ¶һ˿óѵЦݣϵЦʧӰ٣ΪҶӰȻʧˣ
ǵģԭǼ۶ӰʧӰ٣
ϣ
ȻʱҶ㾹Ȼħâ΢ȥ裬Ю֮һΪ׵Զž˵ͷϡ
ԵԶžüĵԲ߸Զž˵һ˵Զž˵졣
κӰ죬ɾ޴ȴͨݵϣ𿴶ԷʮףԶԶҶ㡣
ʯһ׹䣬ɢԵ֣ڴѾ˿˿Ѫ
ˬ½½ɭԶž˶ţɣҶЦúˬһ㡣
ȻҶ⣬Ǿͳȫɣϣ½ЦеСӲţȻÿһ˵Ϊ֮һ
ҶĿһ֮⣬񹥻𣿡
󣡡½УöСӵٶԽԽ죬ȻޱȡԵԶžƺܵʲôٻڳҶһȭ֮һλ
ף
磡
⣡
磡
ˮ𣡡

½Ƶóһ㣬èϷһ㣬ڵҶ㣬㲻㲻ǿ𣿾ʶһ˼󣡡
ͬʱ޵ľԪɫ죬ͬһ˿˿ϸ΢֮Ĳ
ɣռ䳹׷գһǵ˷ӿ˳ߵľƺҪմ
ǣɾ񣡡ݼɫ䣬𾪵ķԼľš
Ҷɫһ䣬ԭӵĿ֣أȻ˼󣬾ʩչǲʼղС



ʮһ ɱ
Ҷ㣬·ţ㻹ģ½ɭĴЦ
½һԶžˣȻ죬һȭһֻ
Զž˷ܵĴشе裬һֱҶΡ
䣬ӰȻ֣ȻۣһƾմбҶϣĿĹâһҶԭһӰ
ɫĹâмһ˿âⷽĴû谭סҶٶȣ֮ϣҶ㻹Կؾĸ֣̹֮䡣
ȣ
ҶͻأĳڹԵԶž˵ǰһ޴ӣӴ弱ٺˡ
ܵ𣡡ħգĿĵâһն䣬ûһ˿ԥƣֱǣƺҪһ룬ƾˡ
ħһ˭棡
Զž˾ûĸ߼̣Ҳ֪֮ǿӲһ˶ٶȺˡ
飡
һ죬ĿĵâȥƲҸҫۣ֮Ϣڳ֮˲һϡ
ΪԵԶžٶȵȷˣؼʱ̣һصŭٶȾȻһǿܹҫ۵ĵâ
ˣ֮һĿӣѪŷЩûбƶǣǲͣѪ
𡭡󰢶ŭһ½ٿ˼Ҷȥ·
ֵȥɣҶιȣڰһĲӰ֮ξȻڰԵԶž˵ǰ
̶ֱԷţƺˡ
ȻţҲҪܣκҶٶʵ̫ˣħһâҪȹâҪ졣
ƴˣͷͷҲɣԪȻתӳֱ֮ϣ˫ֵֽ
ֻâҫۣɫϢðϢһϣâն䣬һͷѵ˫۱µĵâ׽飬ͷ飬ѪĽ
𣡡ϴֱ۱飬һŭѾ˲άִ͵س˹ȥ
ȻҶٶ̫ˣԮħ貣飬أ鰢˫ۣռ䣬ն䡣
ӹһ˿岻˷ͬʱԿӿ׵֮壬ĿĹâҶеһ˿в
Ҹ
һϵٶȱ֮ǰ죬ڵӿħʱһĻ泶ܿռһƿռֱ
飡
һ죬һ޴屻׷ɳȥ֮ζ֮ԴŭΪ׳ǵϴ
׻˫ͫͬʱֻһͬչ֣ʹðĺһϣһɲǣħն䣡
ɱ½ɫ䣬СӼôָ糤ҶһָһɱСӺȻ顣
ҶɫȻ䣬һ߶һ˵˵ǲ𲻵ã
ָ罣ʽͽҶ·
ݼͫȻһѪɽѪĳָȻɻɲһֿܵ˵ġ
ߣƾָҪ𣿡ҶĿһŲһ٣ܸǰȻſܴ󿪹
ָ罣ȫ£ˣҶɫòҰףѪ
½Цһָһָָʱ򣬹Ȼܲס˺һӣָͻȻֱҶš
սҶŭһڵľԪôӰٴɣħƹâһβ˷ָһ壡
½弲ָۣͬʱָѾסҶȥ·ٶȿ׵磬Ǿٵʱ䶼ûС
ͣ
ָ壬һѪŶҶǰ˸͸ȻĿƺ͸Ĳһ㡣
һ̣ҵϢȻָħâ
飡飡
޴ͬʱһɰѪһ±ȾѪ£һͬΪħĵĵ޾
ҶŵڴڵĴŴŵһ̫ľԪʱСȼⲻͣĴ
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ÿ죬ǿݼۣû뵽ҶΪɱԶžˣȻϧˣٶȾȻ쵽һ̶ȡ
˴͵ɲǣħ֣޾ɱԶžˣһ˼飡
ɲ˺ʹǸ֪ʲôӣһ½ֵѾҶԸˣ
ɱϣĸǶݡ
Ҷ㣡½ҧгݣôҲ벻ԷȻԼָ磬嵽Զž˵ǰնˡ
½٣֪ڻʲộҶֱ޷Զս磬ɫЩ԰ףûһ
ߣɱ㹻ֵһۣһǹһѤöĿһһңŭҶ㡣
Ҳʮֲ죬ĸӦԷ磬˵ӣָ쳣
ɱСһָһָڣܷסԪƻܣڶʱڣأ
һʧˣ
ʵϣҶҲܣɱԶž֮ͷָĹ죬ľԪѾˣҺҪԪ֮ǻϣҪξ˵׼ˡ
Ҷ㣬Ľļգģһúչĸ㣡½ɭЦš
һɲֻоǰһâ΢һϮ½ɭɫ䣬ضȻμ
ͣ
һɫѪ䣬½ɭϱһѪܵ˰̣һüֱţȻҶҪ飡
֮Ҷ䣬ȴö˼ʶĿ£òʮֵľ衣
ݼȫˣβڵҶӣҲ磬ʤ֮
ҶĿһ΢΢ͷԾɵפأͷ͵úܵͣƺʱߺȻһףһźϮ˲
ĹȻҲꣿҶȻˣҲһĿռ䣬ȻҲȻ
Ҷ㣬ѾŭЩͶ½ɭ˵һܰ׳յĻ߲첻ݵأֻʵ
ߣҶ³֣ħһҪ֡
ܣϣǸŮ˲ùܣ½½ɭԺͷ£Ųһ
ħһȻʧУݼɫһ䣬û뵽Ҷ㾹ȻѵҪಫ
ɱ㣬㹻½ҶҲûеף½ļһ֪ΪθһʮΣյĸо
½ĿǹɢǵۻĲռ÷
˵ϻľ٣ǹͻȻһɫһ޴ӹգһھԪĴ߶£ƿգ۵ʱ䣬ûֱҶ㣬ǵִݼǰ



ʮ ½ɭɣ

ɢ佳һĽǰγһķһصĶƣԷ׾ٵĵס
Ȼ谭ɲǣ˲۷͵سҶ㼲۶
ɫĹâһռ䣬ֱҶţ
ߣҶɫһ䣬кâ˸ɫʮ˲乵ͨһӿʱȵϢü
½ձзΪ谭ԶԶֿȭ
綾һ㣬ɲǣȻ߷һŵɫĹâɫУѸݣ
һת棬âһ͵شȥ
飡
һҵײ֮ȻݼĳȻͷ䣬Ȼһ̣½巺ڵĹâγ˵õͼӲݼһ
ӡҶһ࣬ױܹâ̯ǰһģһ޴ӡγɡ
콣齣֮ݼһȣɢµǵصĽӰûǰһ֮ǿƳӰǺһ㣬½壡
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣˲ݼȫֵԭȻھж֮ѱѹҶϣΪҶһ½ֵܿɲ󷢴ȱŹôһľ
ˣ羡ȫҶһ֮ɹҲҶɹǷһ飡
Ạ̊́ҶͷЦ
úã½һͷӰʱֲӵĶɫ綾һ̾ļͷƴ
ɽΡɽǿƺȻչرɽݣȻĻâ̹ƣǹ飬ȻУ貹â۶ɲǣȻ֣
ƴǹӰ˿һĻһֽкãƣѹҶˣұɽΪǿᣡ
飡飡飡
ɫĹâкȻһâӡڶҪƳ֮γɣ嫣ƺܽµ飬ǳҶȥ
ȻʱƣѹѾõˮϡϡƮ
ߣӡƣҶһԪӿеӡȻһžƣűɽĵһȻץȥ
ϣ
һײ֮ݼɫһ䣬ڽɽڶͬʱ弲۶ȥҪֳ׽ɱȻ֮ɲǡ
Ȼֻֽʣһٻûɵÿܣ½徹ȻʧǰҪȥʱ򣬺Ȼеһǿ֮ҶǱӿ
Ҫ۷ҵʱͻȻһһѪƮɢļϳһɼǵ˿ڣ
Ķңаë½ɭݼӦѾһһâǵصй
ǹӰ糱ҶܵĿռȫʵʵǹӰ˱ɽһ
ͫͻȻһһ˿δӿƮ£͵ڵϣȻըһ
Ҷɫһ䣬Уƺ򣬲һħУһĻȣһӰڿȻÿһᣬƺһ
Լ䣬һſΣÿһһӰ
֮ɣ
ͣͣ
ֲ͵֣˲ͻƲõǹӰһɲǣʱƺѾֹˣƺˮͣĵ䣬ÿһζӰϣƳһã
ܵԷâĹ죬½ɫһ䣬оûӰĽ࣬ƺѾĿƣǸεߣ
ߣСȻ֮ǿͷתھԪǹȻĿĻâȻҶŶȥ
ͬʱڳָһһֱָ
ܲס𣿡ǹâϮնһãɽһȻһҫ۵ĻâһͷĹޣһӾҪҶɣ
ͣͣ
ȻʱҶħɶǹ˳ԭ޲ħͻȻҫ۵ĹâٶȻӿ죬һӰȻҶ㱳
ħƣңҶһһɴҵϢȻӲ޵ǹԭȵķλ˰ģָٶȻԤҪһ
飡飡
Ҷ屻׷ɣµ˿ѾֹסѪһ֮ס½ɲҶһ㻺Ļᣬ͵̤ȥһţݺݵҶǰ
һ˿ָڰеҶѪ磬ǹħӰҲ飬֮һӱضϣҶϼˣ
Ҷ㣬㲻ǿ𣡹Ӿ½Цţǹһָһâֱ࣡
ãݼһʱ֮Ѿ½ɭɲֿҶ֮һ˿ڣȻһ̣ȴ˶ˣ
ħһᣬ֮ϾȻʿÿץһìһָĿĹâȻҪ˺񷣬ס½ĳǹ
֮žһħ˲ѣɲҶ㾹Ȼˣ
͵սһɴҵϢȻϮѵħâǿƾ½һ࣬͸еԾ
һɲɣϢȻϮҶ㾹Ȼֻ֮·У֮ڿӿ޸壬Ŀɿڴɲǡ
˵ˣµħһ½ɭĶߣħâ΢ն䣡
ס֣½֪ҶʵڶȴһװҪȥӣΪһӵи
һĹͬʱʩչħƣͫΪľնɱ½ɭ
ݼ𾪵ĿҶ㣬һϵеĲ֣ܵһһ룬ÿһȻ֣һµĲʵ̣ĵ
һԼڶĵˣкξ壡
һǻѪ˳һŴŲʵͷ­˳ȥֱ½ȥѪɫĹâǰԼ۵ĵܾܵȻԼǰ
ϴˢѪѾʵĴǣ
Ҷ㣬ɱѪ䣬ͣĲǹѾ䣬ŵܵܵͷ­һġ
ȿȡҶҵĿѪͣлżƬƬȻɱ½ɭҲѾѪˡ
½ǷһУͫһҶ㣬ӱ쳣˲һ͸ȥɣָ
ҶһǿתԪϼѪӰѾľʧ
㻹䣡â죬ħϣ˿һεÿһٸ쳣һ㣬Ҹգųжȣ
ͣ
ܼ֮ĵƿն˵ĺâ·ضʧȥɫʣ֮УƺҪε顣
䣡䣡䣡
رɽһ㣬ǧâ͵֣ϯ½ıը



ʮ Ҷ֮ʦ
֮ɣ
ˮʯ뱩ϣͣ
½״񣬵ѾˣڵâϮǣͷԱ侲쳣ηٺˣгһöɫСܣչ
Ϣ䣬ָܾ֮Ȼ֮ƽ⣬ҶҲ֮ӲҶѾˣֻҪŹȥȻ޷֣ʱɱʱ
ܿ½ʧˣҶĵâ񱩶ϸ壬޿ײ룬Ѿѷըǽ֣
ͻͻ½Ъ˹أǿһƬľΪ촷ۣҵҶƳףˡ
֮ɣȻǿȻǿ˹ҷӪȻãܡݼкâ˸Ҳ޴˻һƳԶڵϡ
Ѫͣʣħ֧Ҷ壬ʱҶ㣬ѾˣҪԴ֧Ųȥˡ
ǰ͸˿ζϲϣǰָ˺ĲλѪʣҽΣѪҺɶ
ݼԥһ£˹ݹһɫĵҩڵǳâϽ𵤣ָܻƣҾΪˡ
Ҷ㲢ûȥӣǲĿһݼ΢΢ЦЦ˵лҶĳа취¹ˡ
ߣʶģݼҶӣһ޺޵ջ֣ҪӻҪǱˣﻹ鵤أ
ݼԶȥıӰҶεЦЦǻɵҩ٣Ƿ飬ծѻ
ͻȻһЦҶ˼·һӰͻȻ˴һף
սףû뵽㾹ȻֱӰ½ս˸âһ˫֮ĿתĶҶ㡣
սף˼壬ߵѷǬ½ϣսʺԵսףһףζŶһʱ½һսףɹҶľ
Ҷ㣬벻ɣڳɽ֮ǰʦսңΪľǽ죡½⣬ʱҲֹۣ̼ǵ˿Ų˫֣ĴȥȻǷԹۡ
ҶĿתͻȻһƺ뵽ʲô
ս׺ָؼ£Թˣ䣬һĪƾѹ£½оһϣս׵ĹâȻһ
ࣿ½ݼͬʱ𾪵ĿҶ㣬ôǿƣ
εƣԲһܴ߶ģǸоҶƺվǵǰʱĿܣ
½ɫ䣬Ѿ𾪣Ǿȵľ
㣬ôһӡ㲻Ҷ㣡㣬㵽˭
óһȣεƸǿһҭס½Ļ亹ֱð˫Ȳɵÿʼ
ǿǰ߾ͬվڳ˵Ӥûһ㷴֮
û
ۣ
һѪ½ļ¶ĲλȻһ͸
һؼ׷ɳȻ䣬һȥ½һӵڵϣѪƮʲô˲ˣĿתĶҶ㣬ҪѰһ˿ʧˡ
ʱҶ˵ĸоһѳʵâ˸һħ϶ׯϣȻη֮ģֻأޣ
ߣеʶϷҶ֮ʦؼ֣һ˻֮½͵һ𣬴ʱһֻ޴ĸʱбʳΣա
Ҷ֮ʦླǿߣ
֪ܲҶʱǿƵʦǰƻǶҶ㶼ͬ䱻ѹȣ½ǼԼ
еǣӱʮ겻ҵףʦΣͷһ½⣬ླǿߣʩطûһ˿һİգ
ƴˣƸǿٵƬ̣Է֣Ҳᱻ飡ѪâһɲǼâţ
ȼܣȻͽߵ𣿡Ҷ㡯䣬ûбʩѹݼҲ
ֻһָȻһĹâ½Ѫâ֮ϣʱâһȼȻֹ
˵ǰ漸ɻ󣬴ʱһݼ½ȷ֮Ҷ֮ʦһླǿߣ
ߣϷǰͽдһ٣ֳһ˿ʶʱϵߣͽи̣ߣӹʲôţˣҲ췭ظ
һɰԵŭϢɢʮԶݼ͵һѪȻѾܲסƣ
һ˿ʶ֮ô𡭡
½ݼˣƣɲö˲š
ʱֻҶ㡱һתⱾС飬Ϸ򱾲ò֣ǣ˵ͽǾͱ۾飡
۾˭½ݼǬ½ǿߣλ֮һɣ
ÿһַ·ӡǵԺһ㣬Ҷ֮ʦ˵ɲǣɫҰޱȣһǿӡӡԺ֮ȥ
²ΪսףɣҶ֮ʦĿһۣһС˼΢΢۾
һ˵õˮ©һΪСûӵӣö˸ӼŴҶ֮ʦ
Ҷڿһ亹
˲֪ҶԼȻһʲôʦʱླԱӣһǸӣʲôսˡ
ڶģɹôܸ½ңݼһ壬ܸǵļһ壬Ҷ֣ҪҶ㱳ν۾
ʧܣҶ㽫һͿأԼݼʱͬˣչֳƣһɱ
ǣ½ݼҶʱ򣬶¶η֮⣬ȻѾŲɣܽĻӡԺûٻɣûϵľ磬˭ƿؾ
ž½ԽսڵϣŵĿҶ֮ʦһۣ䲢δκβоԶ۶ȥҶ֮ʦȻĿһۣûֹ
СѾͷлҵͽս׾͸ɣҶЦݼ½ҵŭҲҷֵһɡ
Ȼ⻰һδԶ½ͷһݼɱһ漴ʧɭ֮У
ݼȴ֮ͣУս͸ϲɫʱмѣû½еɱ
ңף½أ˰죬Ҷ㡰תһãȻĿݼղŵһ㶼֪һݼӰҪǿһٱ
ݼҶתǰһʱİѷŵһĻҶͻȻżǵķ¹£Ŀͷел۾ʦ֮һŬ˼ҵ
ϷҪȫףһݼһ˿ǶʱʧҶȻһ۾ʦ



ʮ 
գȥָĺ֢Ҷô˷˻浤ϡҴӦݼһ̣ͬǰˡ
·ϣҶݼѯһЩĹ飬ʦڲᣬݼȻѯʣڶԷǿ󣬶òסĵĸҶ㽲˺Ĺ顣
ݼҲʦţǬɴһʥء˴νĹʥغͷ绨ɷˣҪֽĹ
ĹϹһۣɭ³֮ĹλһۿνϹļλǿߣΪѾ֮
ּĴڣһĹᣬýֺͷ룬֪õĺôǼΪ޴ġ
Ҫ𣬵ػ֮ģǳ𣬹ƾܲ߷
ҶҲʼˣҪ֪ķٶҪӳͨ𣡶ҶҲؾֵõǳ
գյ峿͸֣Զϡɼߴ񣬴˿ݼ˷ָܵ˵ǵˣǷˣǻǳӭģ
ҶӣЦֻܵͷһĲǻỶӭ
ݼˣ⼸տɺãʱһ˷֮ͻȻ֮һߴ˧ӳ֮С
ݼһһ˿ͷӹݵлʦֹģݼܺá˵մҶҪת뿪
ˣݼʦֺͺӾʮ̣֮ҪŬʦֵӣǷ绨ŵŵӡ
λгݼòƸûע⵽ݼ߻һˡ
һĻݼеЩΣ漴ЩǸĿһҶ㣬ҶεӣҲЩƣòҳҲɣôױ
ݼüͷ壬Ҷ㣬ĿڵǺˣҷкĿģ
ΪȻһ۾ͿҶΪʵΪǬ½Ϊ;ŵλͣ
ݼһжʻʢһھʵҶٿĪ硣
ʦ֣λҶʦĿˣĪҪݼɫһ䣬һӵҶǰҲ
ɫ˲ѿɵˣҲܿóݼҶάԼ׷˼δˣȻһ̱һĪˣ
ݼ㱻ƭˣһ·Ȼϲ⡭
ˣʦ֣ĿˣҷѾǧģݼһȣȻѾŭˡ
Ϊ˵ҶεӣҲЩƣλݼȻɵˣȻиɵֲֺΪ
ݼʦã㡭ôܰһˣɫѿ쳣̲סҶʱŭ졣
Ů˺棬ηηʲôǸ˾͸վ
һŭȣѾٷ˵ߣм۵Ӿ£кâ˸ֻһ£ҪȥҶƴ
ʦ֣˵һ飬ĿˣЩҪܣͳɣݼһᣬڶ֮䣬ᶨ˵
ʱͻȻһֻסĸ첲ݼֻоһߴӰǰߴһ˵£øʲô͸ʲôȥ
ҶɨһݼݼȴգգۣԴ֮⣬Ҷüͷ΢壬ǷԷһ飬˳ˮۣһεƣ
ããá˵֣漴һһѪܾ˱˵ĲŽŲЦⰡԭЩ궼һԸ
ݼƤһλ֮ҲЩ𾪡
绨ţսЦһ̬֣֮
һǬ½սķʽζŶ˽Ҫ֮սݣ
Ҷһͬׯϵ˵ҶңҶ㣬ս
˿һҶ㣬¶֮⣬һͼս죬ѵΡ
ϵģݼȻ˼ûгֹ
һ۵йâһĿһݼ漴ƺʲôһȴԷ˦
Ȼ¶Ӱ켫󣬴˿̵ľѾ˲ݡ

ôѵˣں£͵ݼ棬ҹ¿ͷүүЦ
Ҷ㵭ĿһۣȴЦһͫ׽âȻЩ𾪡
ɱûеͷүȤȫޣ
ݼƲƲ죬ȻӴʱ䲻֪ҶˣһҲһ
ðˣͰݼøңԶʧǰΣһݼǷŲ¡
Ů˵ע޳ܣҴӦˣˣͰøҰɣɲ˲ףҶȻΪ
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ְɣٲ֣㽫ûκλᣡҶƽȴս֮һȻ
һļΪƥĿЦ˫֣кâһıɣ
ƾ㣬䣡Ҷᣬȴһذըڹս֮˵ķ߾ȻĶǿ˵㲻䣡
£ޱĳ֣ȫԸҪ֤ݼѷ
ڿ޴˲䣬Ҷ㾹Ȼһû΢΢˫ĿȻ⣡
Ҷ㣬ھ͹ü翹ףϾɢ趯Цʢ˵ĺȵ
δЩˣᣬȴ˵Ķ
ʦֵĿЦǷʦҲδظ˵ʤСӲ죬ƻ˿Īı죿
ƨҲ죬ҿɵˣ
ʦСģСӹƻˣǰһֱݼݼйâһʶĳѵ
ʱҶӰȻˣһӰڰգֻоǰһһգЦͬʱ֣ҵȴǲӰ
ʵˣһܿѵùսֺ֮ȲʣƺѾҶ㱻ɱľ档
룡㲻𣿡յҶȻһЦܵȻ
ʱλһߣһߣ۾ɵϴеĿЦ裬Ȼһ̣ĶȻֹͣ
ҶĳɫӰǰֻʳָһָ缲۶ʱѪ䣡
ʦ֣ʦ֣ȣӰ˲סҪصҶʱ͸©гݵĺ⡣
ӮˡڲԶվסҶһƽ



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ݼоκˣգû뵽ҶѾѪĳָܻЩɬԣ˭ܱȵϣ
ǿߣ˵ÿһ綼һԽĺ蹵ԽսûмԽļʤ֣ǻû˵
Ҷ㣬ɱҷ绨ŵӣҷ绨űضŹ㣡һϴһ̼ǵ˰̵վɱ˵
ʮ绨ŵվѸٳʰνҶΧɱһԲϣʹ֮ƣ
ѵ÷绨ѹңߣû£Ҷɫһ䣬Ŀ磬ɨ绨ŵĵӣʱһεѹ
˺һϣһĪǵ𿪣˵ʱ¶˳
ϣ
ɱҷ绨ŵӣĪ㻹ʬǰһݹеҷˣһᶨѾ֡
Ҷεʼ磬һ̯˵Ұɡ
Ҷֺαͱˣ
ѵ뷴ڡˣ
Ҷüͷζ˽ֲ¡
ʱԶһɽϲɫâһһ˾µŮӽ̤Ҷٷʱǿ߷бУо޺η彻֯
ŮھҶĴųҶɫ죬ѤöĿصһɢʹâƾˣȻһƷʼߵıУ
ݣˮܽһ㣬ǡҶҪһ覴öҲһȾϢƻõĸо
ݼȶȻʧɫӡУܺǰŮģΨǱӣ
̫ˣܿһۣʮ٣ҶԸ⣡
ϸ˵һ仰˶У
ʥصʥŮϹΪܳʥشˡһ˲õı
ߣϻµľҶǱΪʥصһ

˿Ϲɵ˵ʱҶͻȻˣӦվһֵʱһѾ䵽ҶС
ֵƲ󣬽ӤȭͷСȴһɲĥϢ꣬߸еһѣΣһȻԿһڷɵľ
Ҷ㣬ңɱˣһʹӵ൱ӵ˽ĹȨ
绨ȻһţҲӵö˵ҪԶһؾĵöࡣ
ɲϹ̤ڰգð˴˵Щİ͡
ŷ绨ڵӵͷ΢ЦĶҶҶ֣ϵĹĴ£Ҷֲ黹ͷ绨ŻɸΪ񲯣Σ
͵ǰҶƹ黹ҵȻΪҶ֣
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ϹҶʻ޷Ӧü΢壬ɴŵȻЦݵҶֹ黹𣿡
ΪʲôҪģƾӮģҶüͷһļ䣬λʥϹ˴ǻۣĻǴ½ǿеż񣬺ͱӲΪ˫歡
ϹɲǣҶӿִһа뷨ǾˮͱһʵʩһŮɼƻô
ҶҲоԼЩа񣬾Ȼħ뷨ԴӾ½㣬һ仯ǸǰҶƺˣ
ϹûҶĶײŭɴŵЦݣҶƺгɼ
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ףϹƤһͻȻָһ£Ťͷг𾪡
ҶָȻȶ׼ĴĲϣȴмףûд̵ҪҶܿҪһ㣡
˳ϹĿҲ˿ڵĹ졣
ΰ쵽ģ
жĲʣ˾׼İս㣬˵ΪûǶôֲ
ȿȡȿȡͻȻľҿϵ˿ڿʼϣҶʱ򣬸Ǿ壡

һ̣˶ˣɲҶ۹ýһ˿塣
˵ⳡӮ𣿡ҶǴһ˿ϷʣǰλΣʹɫ쳣ѿ
Ҷ֣жԼشֻܽ黹Ҳ޲ɣ
Ϲü΢壬ʥغͷ绨Ŵɵͨ鼫ΪƵ˵ʥصŮһ㶼Ҫ绨ţ绨ŵȢҲֻʥѡ
ƿһöԴ˽룬Ҳ˵һö൱ڽĹһʥسʮλӣмλҪ绨ŵܽ룬ԶһöϹüء
˵ˣҶ㲨Ļش
ϹâһϵЦգۼȥֱԵǾ͵ˣ
Ϲı仯Ҷ㽥¶Ц⣬ָ߰ŮˣǾŮˣΪ顣
ȻǣһƬӿͫȻһǰȻγһ޴Ĺӡ䣬ѤöĿȻҶʩչ֣
Ҷһ˫磬Ԫ֣˲һֻƵγɣâãϹʩչһʽ֣
䣡䣡
һģһڰжԺ䵽һ𣬺嫵죬ʹҶŵźϹȴȻӲȴһ˿Ѫ
꣬ݼǶ棬ʥصľѧôһ˵չ֣ƺ¯࣬Ӷø൱
Ϲ۷ʣҶ㣬ʥصһʼÿһʥڶ̳˲Ҷ֣ѧǴӺѧ
ϾͻˣҶû˵ѣһҶ㱻ӱƵͶ·ðնʥأǡʥطӡһͷңʥʩչֶԵУֵıǡչһƳȴҶѧᣡ
һȻ˶Ժһǣϰ
ײٺãҲ̲סŭˣҳĸ˶ǱϹϾͲģɽձһĪӼײϹɫúѿ
Ҷȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ϲ򼫺ã㳲ϲŭɫ˷ʶѡ
ȻʱһƵͻȻ𣬼һСɽ˲ֳ̹֮һӰͷüӥĿһɭȻϢչֳ
绨ŵ¶һ˿ЦݣҶʱһ˿彥ʧȡ֮һ˿ӣĹǹһ㡣
Ҷ㣬ҪսݣһɰϢ͵ѹҶֻоһϣɵ¶Ȼɫ



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ҶЩ죬˭֮кγԹ
Ҷ㣬ŵӣûʦ֮𣬲죡˵նһǿϢ͵ѹܷ绨ŵӲ˼
ҶһԪȻתȻȶԷһأȫֲǿֹסΣֻоһһѪЩ˳
ǿʮǿߣҶȻһͷת˫ڵһ㣬ǹɱŰƣһѰҶϡ
ڣܲסһѪ֮ķֱ飬ǿһѹҶϣ
ͣ
ɫһӱ飬ƽҶһǳǳĺۼһ˿˿Ѫ˳
죬绨ŴӣҲΪ绨ܳĵӣΪʮ죡
кβңʱص㲻ˣӴʱȻ֪²ˣ£ЩԾԾ֮⡣
йâһһԴȵ˵ƾҲ㣡ûʦ֮𣬲죬ǲ˷Źģ
ϹԦڶ֮ҷ£Ĺǹؼ
Ϲˣ첻һһ죬Ͻͷȥǫĵ˵üǡ
תҶ㣬ȻˣºԼһսעʱٶɸңһӳУָһӡ
Ӧսûжķϻһץסӣͬӡʱţâһûڶ˵Ժ
ΪֻҪǩ֮սĶˣεأָڴ͵ָĵص㣬ǲڿռѷҲᱻͻ⡣Ҷ˱չԾᱻΪ׳գһ˭޷ѵĶĶʽ
Ҳ˵ֻҪǩѾ˲ݵĳ档Ψһ;һȥ
ԴǰҶһˣøʥΣϹͷ콻һ£ĹȨʥء
ҶһѹȻΪ㣬ˣ÷Ҳ𾪣ϴСС˰ʱѾָ糣
ãҶȻܾһˣһӡ
˲ñޱȣĹâҶѾɹŭˣʱһ֮ҶԺ
Ҷ˿Ȼ̣лСŮҶдһ£
ҶЦţӰʧ˵ߡ
ϹһĿԶȥҶ㣬ֿ죬ѵ̣ծ಻ѹ
Ҷ֣ʮպ󣬴˵ټ
ۣû߳ԶҶ̲סһѪ˼Եڵϡ
ʮƿɲһ˵ֵ˵ģҷƳȥɲǣȻֳһɾԪҶϣˡ
ףѵҪˣһɾ񲨶ȻҶ㾪ȵķֱӵָ˶ƺҪһ㡣
³һѪҶоˬ࣬Դ鼱ת޸Ĵˡ˿̱ƺҪתһݾӵɽ
ǡ˺һᣬıת˲䣬ȻԼڱһƽɽԶһĿӢꡣ
˭ôһ𣿡һĪидоԼǸһ
ɲǼâһ׷һ죬ɢһɾ˵һӿӵ֮ڡ
˺һᣬɻĿҶ㣬ʵ磬˭ôоаҵĸ𣿡
Ҷûˤڵϣ°ͶˣĿűӣ磿׸磿ҵţ⻹Ǹ׷صɴ
ȿȣǸСã֪˭𣿡
Ӿһ˿ɻ쳣԰ףң˭Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
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СãˣʲôҶоԼǺ«ƭСŮĹ
ӴĴ۾žϲĹâϽץסҶĸ첲֪Ǹң
бӣҶйâһһһٵ˵ĸ֣һգգĶűӣÿһû¡
棬ɣӡ磬ҵôһ㶼ɰһϲŮӣߣһСŮ߶飬Щĵ
Ҷסˣ飬һһʧˣװװġ
ʧˣǺǣֺγأҶ㳤һĴʯͷ֪ζԴһġˡʧˣγǸõĿʼأ
ţһŮ˵СҶҲоһŴĺڶͷϣе뷨Ҳоʮа
ҲǸ磬Ӧýˣ
ʱҶĻһѪʧŮȻϹŵһ۵Ůɴ֮ƵıӣʵʩŮɼƻǻˣ
ţˣˡ߶飬ʹҡҡͷ˵ǽиУϲи磡
ǽ˺ԣһҶϴаЦݣűӵ°͡
Ϊ²ӣǩԼһôǵ顣
ѽǻֺҲŲأĹĵҶֲ֣ͷʱг࣬ࡱд˳Щ˼ĶҶ磬Ҷˡ
Ҷ㵱ѪأΪñӽˣаͷòȥҰζô˻
ڳԹʢ֮ҶеЩˣñӺ󣬾ǽϢһᣬܿͱһըѡ
ӳһƬڰӰЩڷҶʱһĻɫԲ԰ףõ磬Һ£
ھȱӴͬʱȻ֣ɽͨɽô򵥣ԭĶ׾Ȼһƣʴǿ£߽⡣
ҶЩƣѵǸǣ
££ԣиڡ˵һҶҲоƤһأŻܾСһӣûɵһ˿ֱۣ۲˽
ʵϣӼʧˣΪҲʮ֮ԺڰԺɱ¾ĳ֣еѪȶֲпᣬԲŻ㡣
ȻҶ㲢ֻ֪ǿģ籣õıڰñ֮
ɨһۺڶƬ̣űӵ첽ȥ



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һѤõĽâбɽǼ䣬һ͵أԭ񱩵Ŀʼƽ»ŮһжԶȥʣµϵķɡ
Ҷ˹ȥӳȴһʮ׸ߵľ޴ᱮ
ɫķᱮᱮͬ沢ûԿĳλ֣ܵҲǱʴȥᱮȴɢŹӶֲɣһ˵̺С
ԽԽǾòԽãҶԽǰ棬ӴʱҲ۾ĿŹϵķᱮƺ
Ҷһӣһڿն˫ָḧһĸоȻҶĿƺصϹţһѪȵĴսǰ
֮䣬ĶѾûҲûеĹϷᱮģֽӡԺ
족
ԽԽ䣬ޱ޾ƺˡ족޾ĺڰ֮вʱһ˿ߣϣʵ飬飬ֿˡ
󳡾˲仯ɱ죬ǽӵıһսʿѪ֮УˣѣҲĵˡ
ѪȾ۾ȴ⵽Ľƣֻܿܶһ䣬ϹŵλܱǱܣ͵ͬھ
һӰڰգıչһ޴İԣͨ쳹أ㾡£ˣ
ǬΪ죬ΪأΪˮΪΪףΪɽΪ磬Ϊ󡣾޴İԼת͵һ̯֣һϡ
һӱУһ̲Ѫ޴УȻһ˲䣬ͻȻ̧ͷӾȻҶķһۣ
Ҷһе˲飬ʶһӴϹŷ˻͵һѪȻĿ£
磡һתһΣҶ󣬷ס塣
˴һҶʶϹţԶҲزˣҺһĳ˳һΡ
Щˣᱮκһˣ׸ϹвμӵеӢǵģ֮ˣпǴˣ
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֮ļ죬Ҷ㶼Ҫٴ޴֣ᱮǷᱮΣԵ޴Ѱ١
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ʮֹɵҶߣеİԣĵĴ۾˸űĹâ̶̼գΪȻʮһ죡
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ϵİƺһ㣬γһõ磬Ǭ롢ޡ㡢Ұ˸磬ҶеΪȡ
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ѧƤë¡ҶĵģûпܣɵĿܼѣ
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˿̣ԭпܵİԱ÷ȴһ˿İԵԵüΪֻʵĸо
ҶһеĶ͵ͣ۾Ҳűϣڤ˼룬вַͣǹӵİԣǹǵ
ף֮ġҶͻȻһһ˿â룬Ҫɲǣ˲еİ֮У
Ǽ䣬ҫ۵ĹâƲ񷣬嫵գҶ羹Ȼһ̳ܲסԵǿ
йâһһУ͵չһž޴İڻϽɣڵڶɲǣᾹȻܲסǿȻ顣
һţšҶ㳢ţ޷ܰ硣
Ҷһץᱮ¡¡֮γʽâǿѹסɷᱮһ
ɲȫչԭ˵ڣ
˲֪ãһҶİĻγɣֵɲǣһһʶ
ϷᱮһɲƺԼʹȻ飬ȥУҵõĺôΪһξ
磬죬ͽͼΣҶоԼʶˣǴ˷˰Եӡǣ˵⼸ջ񼫴
ձ飬ͼɹɲǣҶʶ壬͵𿪣ʱâţϢɢ˲˼
ʱȣȫûһ˿ƣ쳣˷ܡ
棬˫ֻһɹɻݻһ֮ͼ졢ءˮסɽ硢׳ʣ˸ɫɡ
Ȼ䣬˫һռ侹Ȼ׾ٵı˺ѣһ縡Ӱһ㣬ȻֱӴ˴֮ϣһıը
һռȫǿƺأ
ǿ󰡣֣۾˸Сǣǳݵ˼ҶԳͷյദѾĳԹֻʣ۰Сˡ
ǵڼˣ
ĵʮˣӹɵõ
Ҷ͵ؿԶâһǸһ˿Цʮ֮ڵˣǻǲҪٵúáˣ
âһӱҶӰѾʧԭء
Ҷ֣ղΪоǿϲɺذףλǡϹƺҶ⡰չˡɲһâһһӰ˵ǰ
ʱ˶װֻȷ绨ŵķͷսֵܣҶ㣬ͿԳ
ã档Ҷ㵭ĵ
ϹɻĹâһݼϢûŮӵĴڡԦҶĸǰһɵĴ㴫λÿò绨ֲҶֲϽøСŮӣԭȿˣ
λˣɵˣҿöЩأȻܵĲϲϹֲЦˣȥ
˵ãǼĸϹŤͷҶ㣬Ҷֻʣһ֪ɷø



ʮ һż
Ϲ˵ţйâһһӳУݸӵûõóֵ͸ðɣ
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ŶƻϹЩȣҲûóȻ;Ƭ̣ҡҡͷֵͷȴտڲԡ
ܿʧˣҶĺõó㲻˵Ҳ֨ϹȼΣƻϵȷûУ֪绨ŵҩ԰ƺֲһ꣬ҶҪԺͷʦ̸̸
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ĿһҶ㣬ֻǴӱӵ¶һ˿ȣת˲Ϲޱչֳ
ӣõˣǷ˫ܷܵս죬Ϊ˿ѷɫֳʤһҲϹʵ֧ߡ
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ˬ죡Сɣһȣ̻Ի͵ķ侹Ȼ֮ҡ˼£ؼҶ㲻һ˿̣ſ͸ݵʵΪȻླ֮ϣ



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ˣװˣЦЦͻȻͷԺӲ佻ɣ
ᣬȴգۼռţӲ𾪵ĿҶ㣬֫ͣڰղҶ



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𣬱𣬴磬ү̣˵˵𡭡ɫӴɲǣ궸Ȼһоƺ˿ˣòǰò绨ŮĻνѻ
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Уҵľҵģֻܸһ˿ҶָͬҪ͵ôɣ޳ܣñӡ
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ҶҲһٶҲЩӲʹһײײˣѪȫǿҵη֮⣡
θһѵ´ΣҲʵҵŵԣ
ԺӲһ飬ֻоǰһʹۿʹѪƮ˿к¡ҪŮ˳ҪӣѾϹˡ
磬Ǹ°ôõʱо׼ҳ˵ǲ̫أٴλصҶߣЦ·ǰһвһ㡣
ٱħŮƺʺϲˣҶεҡͷ̾ϢɱסԼĸ첲˵һá
ҶȻûлʲôʵʺôãҲʮָˣ֪ʱѾȫͬãȫȫİԼˡ
ĿһۺӲԭ䣬ǶУҲ֪Ǹǻ
Ӳͷӣ֮ɫٿҶ㣬¶Ľʺޣ૵ϴϴôѸŮ˶ö
ӱӵĿе֪еʷ֣ҲǬ½شʷ¼ܰϹŴս򣬾
ֻʷȴ⵽˷ӡֻбӵΪﵽһ̶ȣҶ֮£ܴ򿪹ۿ
һգҶ̣ӲҲƤĸҶˣΪŲȾֶ޿κΣֻܲȡս
ҶʵòʱʱˣһαˣһֱڼΪ˵һ˧ڿһıҪˡ
죬ڵִĹĵش;ȻһЩ鷳ӲСˡ
ϴǸؼҵĴ󻤷վͷܶɽУӲָһ۵ߣɫ΢䡣
ؼңҶ۾ЩǣȻؼˣ᲻Σգεݣ϶½ươСºҶԼĻʹһңϴ󷧣
֪ܲǾĿڣԿ϶һе߾ؼң
˵ĹǺ䶯µĴ£ؼҴ󻤷ɽδЩС˰ɣŷĴ󻤷ɲȷ±Ĵ󻤷һһŷĴ󻤷Ϊߵĳ󣬶ǰλ󻤷пǻ˼Ϲ



ʮ 
ĹĹǵһɭ³֮ĹȴλϹʣҲɭӵĹأ׶٣³˺Ӱ³ˣ˵Ĺء
ɭ֮ĹռعģиϹǿΪ֮ᣬӦоУĹȴԹһ㣬ֻҪ΢һСģͼпܱĨɱ
ǧǰĹһοʱ򣬾ǿ߼죬ĹӰ³Ĺ̽գʱͽλʮǿߣĲʮˣʮ˳Ϊ½Ĵڣҳɹ֮
ǧ֮Ĺ𶯴½˷Ҫ֪һĹλ쾳ǿߣ֪ĹĿ£
һĹ쾳ǿߣôĹأû˸
ͿܵõȣǵΣյԵ΢ǴҲϧ
Ҷһȥǿ˼ϤӰ½Ҽ½ХĶ½гƺ½ϸ̸
Ҷ³Թ˵ĵ˾ѵĵȻߵһҲҶ֮Уֻ½Ҽ½ХЩȡ
ϴǼ˺г𣿡ӲԹɫıǿҶ۹ӹһ֪ǿгԹ
ҶҲĵͷ漴תͷԱӵӣ̫עĿˣݵúá
ӲҶ㲻Ը˵ҲʶȤı죬һĨʱһɫڵӣҪǾҶǰ仯Ҷ㻹ϲǰĺСӾǺӲ
ɩ𣬴ɩˣȫˣһ·ϣӲûٱŰԴ˿̿ӵŵøϽͶҽһƤ˹ȥ
磬㻹ϵҡһ䣬ԭǵòʧȡ֮ȴһƣͱȽϴˣ
ιôǸ˵Ӳ㲻𣿡ӴѺӲŵСĸͨͨͣ
Һô˵ؾɽȻԶҴ˵ӣһ˵Χۡ
ǵģɩƤʦǰ͵ģһˣʦ˼ҲܸһŮɣӲЩί˵˵ŽļƤȫó
ҿŷԼĿ˵ƯˣļߣҪѿжѿ
ߣʶ࣡СŮҲû׼ᱻĳǿ߿ϣȥ檣ˣûЦ˵ͬʱӲĳǿߵŮץȥ檵ӡ
ûСӲԴҡǲ˹ƵģаôܳСأϴɱһأݣǲ𻹶㲻𣿡
ɲҺͱۣ⼸յʹ֪ʲôú͵֪ûбӵǶô֣Ǻͽӵǰ漸仰Զˡ
ˣˣ仰ʱ֮ĺӲһֱӵֻҶСҲܲǵģʰĻǣ
ոȥģϴǿұ㣡
ڴ½ϣһǳرְҵΪеʦרذҪ̽żȡеʦŷǳá
һΣҲˣؼҶĹǷѾģרϯеʦ³˹еʦȻһΣؼڱصá
ѾؼҴɹʶؼҴ󻤷ص´ӣ³˹վ󣬹ȫڷźãȻҪĹˡ
ɭĹռؼĹľʯ򿪣ڽ֮󣬶ʱǰûʵľ󾪴ˣǹâ鱦ȻⶫﲻֵǮҪǱ˼һԴＷ
ϲĶǼϲԼĶڷ۵λãȿԼҲԼǿΪ壬Խ֤࣬ĲƸԽ࣬λԽߡ
Ȼ˵ĴŴ򿪵ɲǣҶȻһӱסӣų˹ȥźӲ˾䣬ܣ
ӻûзӦֻоԼ屻εرס˫أŵķȥ֪סǸ磬öԷˡ
Ҷûʱͣڴܳɲǣâϵӿͼʱֳ˸ĴͬʱҶУ
ݡ
ĹҵĶ˾Ȼ꣡ɲͨΣǺɫģմȾž綾ȥһεһ㣬Щߣ
ٶȼֱ׵磬ʵǿ֮Ҳ
ҶŭܳʱһЩʶҲв¶֮ɫмĿűŸеҶ㣬ĵôСĵĹĸϹżûеֶΣиµģǵС󣡡
ţЩЦҶϾʶˣҪֻʱȴѾ֮ӡ
ۡ
ʸһ㴩͸ǵ壬ǵ屻ɫմȾٸţǻһ˿漴ĵȥĹͻΪһ̲ʬˮ
βǽľҪǶҺڴ͸һ˵󣬽丯ʴҷǺʹнӴˣȫһⱻҺմȾ
ʹ˷һЩɱϵһȥմȾĲλһЩԥлΪһ̲ʬˮ
⻹㣬һ֮󣬽ſʼ˵ڶ֣
ֱȫ䣬Žֹͣ˿̣ҽϣʱˣڽʣʮ˲иһȱ첲ȵġ
ɫЩףҶ㽫ߣҲҲڵϵĳ䡣Ҳ֪Ҷζ϶֮ûжꡣ
ϴ̫ȼ֮ˣ㣬ԵˣٺĺӲɫҰףʮָмĶҶ
ҶѵɲǣӲԥĸҶ룬ҲȫϴİţŽӵһ
Ҷû˵˭иԵٵȡģ
ҾŰԵˣӿɲҪūŶӲĵһۣҶûſڵ¸ҹⱲӳԵķȫ³
Ѫζɽټϴ˷İ䷿Ҽֱ˼
Ҷۣؼһˣ˴ؼҳ󻤷ˣΪҲʮ֮ڷŵĶ֮У԰ȫܹ
һ˿ɫؼ˵ϣ½ϸӽҲûܵ˺
֪ʱ˵Ҳִ˵أȻûоŵһĻҲ£˿̣ϹĿͻȻͣҶϣɻ֮ɫһ
Ҷͷ˱أ֮¶Įĵӡ
Ȼ˿̣Ĺ֮ͻȻһ˵ĹٵҰصƥû뵽ԴӣҲδػ󣡡
ңҶɫ˲üΪѿ˫ֲ߬ȭͷָƣѪ˳ǲͣ鶯ƺѹֲסϾҪһ㡣



ʮ ħ澳
磬ôˣӺĸоҶĸ鲨Ͻס֣ʵ
֮еҶ㶸ȻѣһңԲĸԭ򣬼пΪ
ҪȻƾɽǿԮǵʲôĿģڻö֪
˿̣˼·һˬʵЦϣֻصµԭִݹ٣û뵽ҶĹȤ
صһ˵̬ӭˣмƲƲ죬һûжԡ
ҶĿȴһһϣһۣͷһᣬһɽȣһ竹ӵĴ硣
հҶ³֣հ֣ӵܣѾʮ֮Ϊǿ
ҶȴеһĲΪƺʮ죬ʱֽʮ죬ȶ
һҶΪѵʱһհʱհưޱȣ˵仰˵ҶɲǣģƺհӰ֮룬ȷǸģӰǲհ
磬쿴һϷһЩʮ۵ĺۣݱ䣬ɱ֣һԲϾͳļơ
۹ĺ۾ӲҶҲһ۹а˰ٺ۴ÿ˶ŲؾΪҡ
ǬɴϣҪΪãɽ˺۹㶦֧ͬǬɴһƬ졣
˰ٺ۾۹ľӣս
ػֵܵƺôܻӭվȵһһӣʮȫվãѸ١
Ž˵Цˣû뵽Ĺ˱£֪½ɺðصɫ΢䣬ɺܿ
弫ѣػˡΰȻش˫άһ֮һڻеʦ³˹Ĵ£Ŷ롣
ʱҴʮˣһ˳һ˺ؼңһк۾һĹ
³˹ǽ죬ڲƿʯţȻڴ򿪵ɲǣ˶ǰһоˡ
Ǽʶص£ΰҲɴ۾̾ȣϲиԱźʵˣ
ӵ۾Сǣ̾ţ̫ˣֱΰĽ
ʯűȴһ׵ͨʯ̵أûʣһڷɵľһ㣬ûоͷླǿߣĿҲͷ
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˿һŵ۵ӳһ£˹ȥ˰죬תͷһϿҵĶԴ˵ļʶ
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ص˵һεʣйâɨһˣ֪롣
ʱǰһ䣬һһʼߣ˻Ƶͳͷ𶯣ȾҶüͷҲ壬תԪֿ
סģҪ󣬲ҪѣһɲԵڵأ鼫Ϊ־壬Ѫ
˶·𿴵˼ҵһĻ֮վҶԱߵıȴü΢壬ûӰ졣
ù죬תԪֿʱȻһ䡣
ڻХ߲ɱҺɱ¾Ϣ˵ͷ˺侳
Ծɱ¾֮Ⱦ˵飬ΪϲѾѪȾ۾ߵͻȻ֣
ãҶһоԼҪܲסˣɱ¾֮ռ飬ƲĲƺҪԱӳһ㡣
磬飡ʱ̹עҶ״̬ɫԣʱһǵ塣
Ҷ㶸Ȼѣʯʱ򣬺󱳶ʱһ亹תͷԱӵлл
˶֪֮֮ÿһ˶вͬεɱ¾֮ģʶܿɱ¾֮ģҽȻ
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䲻⣬صµ۱һĿӣ˸ıϻһʺӡǣ
سǣسǣôˣԱߵһŮһסسǵӣһ̣дһ˿ѪϢ࣡
ߣصһߣһֹס棬ŮӵŮӴʱ˫Ŀͨ죬Ȼʣɱص£
ȥɣسǵذһӲŮӵĺϣŮѪ·岻һ㣬һһǻѪ䣬ҪɱصµʱصһƣŮĳһ̲࣡
ɱŮӺصµ촽ϣѾ״ĿԵôͣ˹ȥ
˵Ҳܲסɱ¾֮ĵ׷۾죬Լʹɱ֣ΨϹĿγһ㣬ʥصļ˵ѡ
رϹһر
ǰһֺ۾ʮȫû˿񲨶ɱ¾ȻûӰ쵽ǣ

Ȼһ䣬µɱ¾֮ȻѪϢһ̣˸оһƬطһѪأ
۾ҲɫǼᶨɱŨأѪȵǵҰԣ۾ԽԽ죬ָⲻͣĲ񿴵սѣĵˡ
ϣ
ʣĴţߵսն䡭
˷۾׷ˣ֯ȫþ֮У֮Ȼȫᶨȥ·к赲նȥ
Ŀ˸ͣҼ˴˿̱ģǳɫԪĵǿ֧ţ
Щ˶ʮ־ᣬ֮꣬ᶨܼЩΪʲôҪءЩɻ
Ҷ͵͵ĴϢš
½ҪնȥҶͷ­ڲԶıܣ˻ߵĴţȻ½Цն䡭
ɣҲЦţĽѾնȥҶɣ

ĸ˵ĿѪᣬʹȥڴϣ
ĺͻȻ֣ذײԼ࣬ѪпȥıӰ
ɱɱɱҶ˻ߵĴţ۾Ѿ˺ɫɫĹâɱȥ



ʮ һƬ
ܵܡ

֯һ
ͣ
һȥһǻѪ䣬Ҷͷ­׷ɳȥĸڲǰԻûδ˵꣬ȥˣǽذ״̽࡭
Ҷ˻ߵĴţ
磬磡һͺȣһץסҶֱۣһתϣԴʱתǹѪȻ䣬ҶҲѹ
Ҷþ֮ǰҲȾˣɱһӵܣֱ֮ͦͦ˹ȥ
־쳣ᶨ治֪Ͼʲôһ˿Ѻۣӷ·ۣȻ֪ԭ򣬵ѾеѺۣ
ʱԭվŵģֻϹݼǸŵ۵ӣͷϿһ룬һ˿˿֤֮ѣ
һڣ֮˵ڣΪף彡˶Сɽһ֮ηѾ޽˵ǽʵ޴ûзâʯͷֻиѣжҰ
հȻ֮ǻйâ˸ͣһıɢ͵Ĺâʱ˺һʱǰһǰվ롣
ֵвѺۣ߬һİ׹ǣսͷһڣǽʮûߵǵʬ壬ȻΪ
˿ҶһΣһԴϮһˮͷ£ֻоʶһɫУʹʶڸ
գ𷽲ŵһĻҶ㱳һ亹аԽңӵС֣ʾл
ղſˣǵħһ㣡µǰıսΡ
𷽲ŵһĻҶȻҺñӳ֣ҪҲǰЩһֱȥɡ
֮УҶ㾭һɱ䣬ĵֿǿˣҲ˵־Ӽᶨ
Ǳӣƺջ󣬵֮ŮҲȻˡ
ɱɱɱص¶ΰͻȻָ֣צΰţΰʹն䣬һѪ䣬صµƱ俳£
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ʲôôܣѵļͬʱ˿ԽԽǿЩǿѵҲ룬Һޱĳ֡
ϵѪҪγһǶǽߣϵĲ֫ϱۣЩȥʬ壡
Ȼ˿һֻ֣һߣһ̽ǶǽУصΰ˳ʱǶ˵徹Ȼֻʣһ룡
һѾתʶŷ¶Ȼ֮⣬ٺˣתԪ֫
߲ûвмһ˵۶ϱ۶ȣʩչӳɹ
ڶʳŵĽֲһпؼһߺ۾ˣǲüڴˡ
ȻƺѾŭȻɭȻֲռŤԭѾûһ˿̵ĻᣬȾþ֮У
ǽҲһɲǱ飬ף٣طȻˡ
Ҷ㾪Ŀһǽڣ̾ʵ̫ǿ󣡹֮۾һͷȡ쾳ǿߵοˣ
˱ǽ֮ϣһɲۿɼٶȣǵʧˣѪҺˣǹͷˣ
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ҶͱӶһۣ˫ֽ֯һżû䣡һ䣡ڹ⻪ת˲䣬ٶǽ壡
ͬʱͼֳ䴩Խʱգ
ɭƬۣħ澳һƬγɣһƬۣսף£
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ǽ΢΢ִɲǣǽѾʧ¶һֵ·
˵ȫһڰͼչɲǣʱյϢֺ꣬伸գ۰ٶȵִɹסȡߣ
ÿ죡ݼһûҶ㵽ߵģվԱߵϹ۹˸ͣ
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ȻһɲͻȻ۶ӳ֣뵱£ҪץҶеۣҶּۿ죬һ봢Уһ˸ա
СֵܣҲδܱסϸ磬ϸ㱣棬ΣһϿҵ˵һڱͷϵ䣬ӿ°ˡ
ΪҾеߣҲΪʵԻסҶشȱӾĳ嶯ѾĲǱˣ£רҵɹƭһҶûٱѾİԶӡ̡
Сſɲһ°ܲ֫ҲˣҶˣҲ˵ʤ뵱ͷûг֡
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ҶһлˣһƬ죬ټϰͼһ·ϣкܶ˻֣սһн赶ɱʵ̫ˣ
ͷϵһرɣ˵켶۴ñҶ֡ʱˣЩû֮Ѿ˵Ļ̰Ŀ⡣
ҶּЦˣսɫһݣɱ
˿̣ʣµ˲ʮˣʧΪ۾ΰ˲˵սʿ˽ʮˣʣʮˣ
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ص£ΰһͬʱ֣ɲҶҲʶʯرſ֣Ϲ֣ͬ
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ʯϹץУâһͽĴУϴŵЦݣ֮΢΢ͷ
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ҿС󣡡
ʱʵĿռֳһ·ڣʣ֮Ŀ˸ͣ⣬ǣ岻
³˹ƵĹâ֣гһľƵıӣֱô··ڣıͬʱָâͣ˸һŵɫУ



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ղ³˹ָһ·Ǳ۷ӡһ·
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Ҷһ³˹µƣȻһ˿԰ףȴӡ
˸ںǧײǰȻʣһư˵ǰһ˿Ϣص÷
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ֻҪһ˿֮ҵһܸܶһְգص¼ţ˿̣ץһ˿СһĹâе֮
˵֮صһ
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ླԽ콵Խֲ
֮ʲôҶüͷƮһϢҪ̽ȡʱȴصȣϢǱΪ֮Ķ
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´չֱתһϿҵĶҶСǸ֮ˣƶ˼ʮ꣬δ֪֮Сѿɽ֮һۣ
Ҷɫģ΢֣ʱ³˹ȥҪץסе֮
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㿴͵Ӵ򹷣Ҷû˵һľ飬Ȼ֪ʲôɫһӺˮ뷽跨Ҫᱦ
˵СôأƶֻҪûʲô⣡һ޹
仰ͬʱָȻ˶ӵĿѾ̫Ҫˣ
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ԭҪᱦȴû뵽ϹԱԪԾֽһ
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֮
ҶͻȻᱮϹŷ˴Ѿ飬˵մȾ֮ҲΪ
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һһŷֽһ鶯ʱѪĸо
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ݣţﾹȻһϹҩ̫˲ˣ³˹һԣ˶һ



ʮ ŵҺ
֮ص¸еԼڲһ˿֮ﶼ֮ȣֱǹƨһĲֵ
˵֮ľݣ˵õöǵõһƬҶӣҲԽܷ֮þշпܣ
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ɱȶ䣬ǰļ˾ɸӣˣҲס̰ĲһϣƴҲֵõģ
ˡ
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һ޴죬Ы޵˫۱һ˿ڣ۹Ǳ飬ѪһýҶ

ҶֻоһˬʶЫ޵ѪҺʥҩ˿̵һԡѪеս¾ɽͣĳԪ֮ͫϢͣĹڴ˿޵У
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쿴ƣƺһ棿³˹ƺǱ˵ķӦһЩܿûע⵽Ķ



ʮ ֮
Ҷһ𣬿ϹԷľ񱮣뵽Ǹɽڵķ˷ᱮŷ˵ӰӣʶԽϹţͬҲȴ˴ԽŽһ۱飬֮ҲѰٲӰӡ
ԣ⣬ϹţҿʲôЫƺ뵽ʲôֲĶʹıԴҲҿһ񱮡
˵ʲô㿴ʲôҶһе׷ʵƺҵһ˿һܹ
Ѱ棬ҲС߸ģֻһ𣬲ܹ
Ҷ쳣ˣͼԴҲĵһ¾ɽ֮ǿͬӡ
Դһ˷ᱮеԼƺüΪǿںʮǿӲƴ񵱳սһüƱߡ
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ңҲ֪Ҳ֪Ы޵þ޴ƱסԴֹͣ
Ϲ͵۾תתɨһҶ㣬֪˼ʲôϹʴţЫ޵ֻƬУƺ׽һ˿
磬㲻ҪˣǶμ䱻Ĩȥˣģ˿־ӣߵҶǰȰ
ҶӣҡҡͷЩɥ˵ҵļҲӡˣǶҲû˺ֻ벻ѡ
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ڰ飬ҶڣڰӰҲʧˣռʣҶһˣ飬ڰĵ
ҪõھŵҺʱ򣬵ھȴٳûг֣üͷ΢壬ԭض˼ȻҪ֮ǰİ˵ʱ򣬳ϵģϹȻǰ
Ȼ˿̣ҶһʧԭأȻ˾񱮵Ŀռ䣡



ʮ ䷲
ϹôҶоϣʱȵķԼȻ֮
ǡҶ㣿ϹԶԦҶҶӰȻһ˿ϲ߽ʵǾ񱮵Ŀռ䣿Ǳˣ
ǵġҶЦţ֪Ϲ˹صģھŹصģǶˡ
ҶֹȻز¶֮汦ջɹھŹأǿϲɺذϹ΢ЦŹϲģŴԣضֶᱦ
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Ҷ㣿ֵܺǳԾû뵽һֱز©ĸ־ȻҶ㡣
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Ҷǿ֧ţ˫ѾѪڵﲻûϨļƣԽԽȣϣԽԽҶͣ
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Ҷ㻳ˣг˷ŭȻʱϹ۽ë˲ۺ콥ˣʶҲѣ



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ҶϹһӷֿҶֻоԪһգȥצһϹҲſҶϣ
֪˶ãϹȻԼ޴ƣ˽һ𣬶Լź۾Ȼ˵ϣ
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ӣҽͣǸᣡʲôûҶһæ͵ͻã仰û˵꣬ϹȻ
ҶһĶڷɱھѾľʹһαΣ庮ëһһ
㣬ǸᣡҶᣬΪڣһСʱǰֱȦȦٺ٣ʱĴҲɡ
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ʦ֣ʲô˼ǰִѹǼޣѵҶֲɣݼܹҶ֮ûֹѾڻħ޷ֿʱ콵



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ϴս֮ͬڿ޵УǷսʮ죬ҶսڼʯͷǲӮģɣˣҶһ֣Ͷ˿֮ôӲһ㶣ʱ˵ĳ嶯ѾľȻأ


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Ҷ㣬Ȼһˣܺսƽһ԰һν֮󣬶ͬʱˣ˿ѪҶ㲻ܣͬܣ
ԼȨȸ߾٣վڶҶ㣬Щζô죬СӾ˳ɾͣĵȵºһսûˡ



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ҿ治صһǽͷݣˣóӮˣӲ̯֡
Ѿûģ˾ѵĻᣬ쳣ĵĴЦš
ҰһʯнһɾϮʵ죬ʯн
УƽƨϹŲɱܰ˱ɷӣɱ¾ƽܣ˵ˣ쵰СѾˣı壬ţ㿴еɽǾ켶ıʮ֮һ㣡´
ҿûˣʲôʱôˣ桭Ұһ˿ɻ󣬻ѪڣƺҪ֮һս
ëͷСӻϴһսȥһ˵ɣӲûĴһ⣬Ȼôһϴ󣬺зչ
ҶˣԪԴԴһٷŵƣ촦ѹƣ¾ɽâǷȨƺҲ˸ž⣬֮ǰκײѾּĺۼ
飡
һֻ޴ƣɳȥһࡣ
ž
һɽӡĲӬһȥ岻ͣĺ͵ܽӴ
ӵ¶һ˿ظЦݣʱ紺ˮڻ︴գݼͬ¶ɵЦݣҶްħᵮ
¾ɽâʢȻطգһֺ£ռ䣬֯һŽ죬ư磬ȻҪС
磡սʶãҪ֣ȴһɨУɳȥ
ñһϹٴγ֣˽֣ΪʲôϹҪҶ㣬˸ֻɱҶ㣬ϹȻ֡
쳤ХʮҪƿյĿռ䣬ΪһּĸоƺҪɥڴˣ
УҲɫĻȻ¾ɽĽâͬʱչ֣ɱչҪɱ
ϹŲɱǴӺζ˴ʧɫΪϹŲɱ֮ʵ̫£Ҷһٷ̡
˿̣ҶʩչϹŲɱҲԾֻ󣬱һζ
˵Ŀ⿴ϹֻҶһ񱮣ŹأĶ࣬ϹŲɱпܴж
ϹŲɱȷǴӾֻҲûˣδͱˡϹǲŹκһҶصĻᣬ˴θǲᡣ

з̹⣬ϹŲɱǿǾطȫʩչǶô£ڳ֮ûһѳȥ
Ҷ㣬㲻ݣһӽûˣΪ绨ŵϯӣ᲻豣ֶΡ



ʮ 
֪ʱϾȻһսףâ˸ֵס¾ɽľɱȻƾҶʱΪ޷¾ɽʱֻһʬ塣ֲ֮ǰΣҶ㶼κβ
ʱķ켫ΪǱͷѾɻҽŭ˸ȻɱҶ㣬ѽͷ֮ޡ
ɱ񶼾Ȳ㣡ɱǰȨȻ裬ȻĹâ飡
ҶȻ壬¾ɽᵵâнӰɽ͵֣ƺҪ쳹׽ɱ
䣡
Ӱڰмײ棬â֯һأƺҪƬռ䳹ױ顣
Ҷǲ򵥣ս΢΢ɫȨȵĹâԽԽ
绨ŵϯҲˣӲЦиӼᶨϴϵֵΪӲʮǿߣǹŽ콾Ҳ
ʦ㣬˭ʤݼʴţʵ
Ϲһ㶣ڣҶ㣡
ĪӶֳûģȻʱѹƣϵĲҶ޷ֲҴضնҶڴ˵أսɫһ䡣
ҶСӸǷֶĶ֣ӻǲҪۣصѾٿ
벻ǣϾͻзϹۿصһۣصһ
Ҷ㻳ɽȻ£ڵأҪѾҶʱȴҶ㾹ȻﵽıϣɫȭͷϺͷ͡
ҿϴǺݣŷ첱Ӵ򣡡ӲѪڣкã֪Ŀֲ֮ǰҲԹٷ绨ŵĿ˿̿ǳԱȻ֡
ҶȴЩΣҲﵽһ˵ıϣֻղ֣Ҷһжһ񣬵ʱп׸
Ǿȥɣ¾ɽâţŷĲҪն䣡

¾ɽȻĲͬʱҶҲ˦쾹ȻһУɱ
ҿȻСµĵаʬܻҪֲףԣϻرѾģһϵжٱҶЩСƣ¾ɽͣ䣬ÿһζɡ
ʵ̫ǿ󣬶һرӳ֣ҶҲ޿κΣֻܽˣܻɱ
飡
Ҷһȭ䣬ڷϣһѪˮ䣬ҪʱһαһȭɣϺˡ
Ѿ޼Ҷ㣬ʱһ˿µҶ㣬͸оԼۡ
飡
ҪʱһֻɫĴ䣬ƺҪͷ­ʱѷͷת
תۼʮйȥ챻ҶֶζչֲԽԽԽԽļȨȱâÿһζ¾ɽϣЩƶǣ˿̵ķ죬ҪǱжǱ
ٲʩչУûлˣ¾ɽһᣬȨЩʧ֣Ҷָһһâ䣬ǰһѪѪע䲻ͣ
ʹͷ­죬۾Сǣͷɢһӣˣصƣ˰ɣ
ҳǿܽұؾҲû취ˣ˴ھҪˣ£
ķˣҪɵҶ㣬һҪɵҶ㣡
Ȩϵĺ챦ʯĿĺ⣬⣬Ȩ޷ŴһѹȥնʱֲֿʽƺܽҶ顣
飡
¾ɽ಻һһʶĿԷͣĺɱȨһӺգѹʱҶ㲻׿Ȼɫ
Ҷ㣬ھڣЦţɱ¶ֻҪҶˣŵĳ趼ϴȥһǿߡ
ֻϧһ÷ʧˣҶйâɣͰγɣͼȻֳ
գƣһΣҶɱоͼ޷Ŵ󣬰˸͵ɣ֮̾˸о־ԶԶˣ
һϢӿֳ˸ӵһƺһƬռˣţûһ쳣ǿһӽȨϣ
ܣȴܽϣôܣʧɫΪȨȻûӰϵˣ
飡飡飡顭
ɫȭͷԱƱƺҪƲ񷣬νɳȥ
Լǿ԰˿̣˴ݹĻܣܴ죬ܹĽҶܣ޷ٽһ
˵ƲԼħԶֹʮ죡
޿ľͣļײͬ׹棬ҶȭͷԵһȭһȭ򱬣
䣡
죬ȫںϵɲǣױȵݹ࣬ȨӰһӱ飬âɵĺ챦ʯȻһ䱾徹Ȼû
Ҷ㣬ңȻһȻԼȨȾȻҶ֮ڣϵͬʱնϣȨڵʶҲĨȥ
˶ˣűǸеսϹ꣬ҲһĨɫ
ϴǸԸĳȳӵȣӲΨ²ң÷սǵ÷ϣӻϣ
Ȩȣǧ޵ĹޣٸҺ˵ͱұսĿתҶ㣬Ҵ磬ȨȻңһ
ЦҶһͼȻγһ˶ḥ̂ѹ£쳹׽УҪ顣
ҳ֣ʱ׷ĪսĿƣڼʶҶǿ֮ûаյ£ǿС
ǺãҲ׸Ұɣҳ֣ʱ㽫֣ҶӦ
飡飡顭
챻ڰͼڣսߣԽԽʢƺҪռ֪ƣ룬ʮĹ򣬾Ȼȭ
ɫȭͷƺҪһռ䣬ÿһȭеֱ۷飬ȻѪͣˡ
ս챩ŭ˿̱ͻȻվҪ谭У
սԿһϹ꣬ҵһĬ룬ڵҴ磬Ǿʹȥ
ҸǩҸΪգĴãϧһ仰ж˷̡
Ǿ޻˵ˣҴи̣ҷ绨űضݣս˲ϹĴڣᶨĵ
䣡
ͻȻһ죬֪ΪһĶȻըѣ쫷罫ƺǿվ֮󣬺Ȼ뾹Ȼһȭͷĺɫʯͷ
ʲô˾ĽƵĶʲô
ǡǡܣôֱӶڱ䣬ƺ֪Īʯͷʲô
ʲô˵ص¼
ᣡ



ʮ 
У˵һǴ˵ı᣿
ã쳷һμٺˣһǿĲϮĽϤһ٣оʯ˲۳һţеһǶ֣
ˢ
һƬƬƬ
Ƕ侹ȻţӨ͸һ㣬֮̾һɢƢ
Ϲйâţԭ׾ĲÿޱȣϵľҲ˻Ƕ䲻һŵٶ˿ڰյᾹȻһƺסһ㣡
ͻȻһϵֻоǰһƬռ֮
ѵǸǶ䣿˴ʧɫͻǿߵпԿпһʥҩ
˿̣˲ſߵòձ̬ӣۻǲԵǣԪ;ƿݣû˸С
ϣֻܵɲ⣬һּΪΣյĸо֮ȴ
صһѿڶ
˶¶ɫΪλɲʲôƲ磬һ֮ɱĻ̻̣һȥƬɽĳˡ
Ϸ겻ߣû뵽˼ǵң߻ڣƺϾҪһ

˭Ҳû뵽ϣǧ֮ǰѾħ֮ǧ֪һûн֮
λСѣѪҺƺ֮ɷһ룬ԸӦıｻҶĶﴫߵʹҶһ
ѵ᣿ҶεҡҡͷܣΪʲô½ҪѪҺأ
ҶҪھֻܾóһöҩݸҶһöڵѧ̫ӣںϵһȴ˺壬һöڵȻȥ
СѲҪţԼĹȻʺԼĶ࣬㣬ÿһδ߶ķ̫ྫԪܷڵСѵսһɣⵤҩϷһ㱡񣬲ɾ⡣ڵҶ㣬˶ڵð̹⣬ȴû˸ҳᡣ
ߵ̫أСӳܲ𣡡Ҷüͷ壬ҽܡ
޷ⵤҩ͸͸㣬ѪҺãϷҲֻѪҺãϣС͸һһգóҶ˼±֤
˴ʧɫѪҺҩ˿һҶ㣬ʱˣҶѪҺƺߵʴֺҪ佻
飡
һ죬Ҷе¾ɽһǱ˳ʱﻹзŵڽģòֻȴϵؤǿһ㡣
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡쿴ҶӰӣʱŭ֣һεĹն䣬һӾͽҶû
ߣҶ㻹δֻ֣һ֣նӦ飬ǸѪ硣
绨ţ粻粻ϲûУЩ廳ƺ뵽Ķ֣սѣ緢˿г˸С
ǰڸ̩ȴǰأδ֪ĿǰΣ˵Щ뵱ˣѾĹˣǰܻ꣡սɫ˼䣬Ѫ콥ˣ¶֮ɫͬʱ̾Ҷһá
粻ѾɻĹˣҲ֪м˻ϣڣȻ֪һսüġ
СûУһᣬҪӳˣʱպϣ֪ʱܿˣߴٵ
һѪĺۼ֣һֻ뽫ѪʢסҶѪ۾ֱð̹⣬·ķһ㡣
ããСĽӹ룬һڣʱˬƺãüЦ
磬ͷǸ˵һüͷ˵ߺ졣
ҲͱӸ˵ĻΪǿ󣬶ɢһϢҲЩ塣
ʵϣҶҲʮΣѾ½ңؼΪУңûһǿΪȷ㣬ԼѪҺ
˿вٱ˵صߣ˹Ϊȵ
ʿҲˣһһŮֱؼҵڣоʥصʦ
û뵽㻹ǵңʿƤɱ֣ԪĶǰ̤˼Ϣ˼ֹסŲ
Ȼ˶ȵķ֣ʿȻֻһֻ۾ֻһڶ
ǿ˾Ǻͬһߣٺ٣¿кϷˣյЦš
ҿЩ˲İɣҶЩɣӿɲʡ͵ĵƣյӣһйء
ȥģ쵰СӣүǱ¡Щ˵ҶѾȷһɵģһһӺˮ˲
겻ԪȻݽˣһ֣ص±ץߣЦ˵
ɱҲ֦βһף﷢࣬緢ѹȺΣԪһҫȥ¡
ιСӣ£ӽ˽ţЦҶļ
һû£
УǺΣӺ⣬Ҷ㣬ӣӲͶҰϻһδġ
ҿҰ̫˰ɣ͸ݷˣҪҿӲ׵ļһһŰ߷ɣʵĻ
УСӶƨҪɾ͸һƱģҶ㣬ôһŰѺӲ߷ɣҶ
ҿԲμ𣿡ͻȻ˵ĶʾȻһŮȥ˵ľȻϹ
˲һô˵ĻģֻϹԵѧ
Ѿ֧ţͲҪСˣҶܵ
ʦһлᣬҽó֣ǣϹ͵ҶĿһ۽ʿȴ˸ãʡұ𣡡
ðɣӿɲҪЩŵˣĻѵ֮ǳŵĲ´Ьģëǣʲô¶ó
ţ֪
ǿԣԼ֣ҶۿһۣӼȿ׵ףɶ¶ó
ʱѾǰһ㣬ǿƼԻĶһһľΪӵԵʣǿѾĿȫ
үǸĺˣ°İɣЩ˵
ʹˣ˺׼ıȡ
䣡䣡
˿̣ʿѾսһڵһ̬ӵӣһ׸ߣϵѾȥ֮ǰò췭ظȫһѪˣ
ӣǸʿʲô𣿡Ұüͷʵ
ɱ֮𣡡Ҷ㿪ڵһߴ½ʱԣ󤻢սʥص󤻢ܣնɱ֮нʿһֱעɱһֱδȴȥһĿ
ǳˣЦţΪϵ߸֪Ŀ£׷׳֣Ѿ񱮺Ϲɱࡣ
һۣҪ֣ȴһʱ˵
ϷĻƥû뵽㻹ţͬʱ߳ߡ



ʮ ħʬ
ڣ˴ʧɫʱ򣬷ֵͬʱǰһ
ߵ໹ߣȫĿƣ˷֮⡣
粻ǧδ㻹ӣЩ⣬յĹ˾ȻüһãŵҲ⼸˰ɡ
½֣гŵˣȻͨˡ
˵ŵʱ򣬲ʧɫ½Ϊ죬Ǻ۾ڣֻɣȻǷ±ǿߡ
ҿǲˣôôһϹﶼˣҶЩƵ˵
үү𰡣ֻǽӰ˳ȥ˭֪ôϹŶƽ֮ҪǼƻһ䣬ңƽ֣ҲᣬҲû뵽ԼŪɳ׾
ȥүģ˭˭ġǵģ㣡
ߣЩϹŶ֣Ķһʣ£Ϲ䣬Ѿ˳ȥȻߵ鷢ˣ˾Ȼ޷գ
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ô죿Ϲü΢壬ԼֶζУϹȻյӣȻѾϵ˶޷գ
ߣȥҶűӳ˽ȥ˿з׷ľʯĩ̹⣬Ҫ֪ڲʲô
ԣԡ
ͻȻһҽУŴйͷʱ˶еͷƤ飬ĿܣЩų
Ҷһۣ֪һЫ޸Ĺû̫ĺ£һǰǰߡ
ԣԡ
ڼڣûһתԪȴͻһа紵𣬹ȻʧǸѪԵڵء
ҿʲô϶϶һԼԵѲˣеʱȴȻֹ
ãа쳷
ǲǻޣҰʯнЩʵΪǼЫޣʱֵļһԱа޻Ҫ£
Сģ㣬ǿ𣿡ӲͻȻе
ˡ
Ұٶȼ죬ʯн䣬Ȼ弫󣬵ٶ˿ֻһȥ
ܣôֶɫףϹҲ׿ȻɫӲͶҰǿʼɪɪ
ʲôǿʲôҶĿ˸ͣһǸֲļһ
һֻ֣ǺɫĳëӲ˵ҶͷһʱͷƤ飬ʯнµĵص㣬ϸϸĺë
ӵ˿˿ϸ˿˿ץסҶĸ첲ͬʱ쳣Ķܣʱ쳣ž
Ҷŷ֣֮ǰЫսĵطһС䣬˵ֻǺ̲ϵһɳС֮СΪʵ̫ˣԿȼǴС
Ǻëֵʲô˵ңҶĿƣ˵ɫ֪ëһſµĴ˵
ʬ֮˵£ҰϹ㿴ңҿ㣬ûԸ˵µĴ˵Ϲ֮£ʱ˶˶
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һʬ͵ڶʬһնȥ֮ҲữΪԪֻгΪۣնʬ½ѾûгһۣԵʬѾΪһ˵
˵еĵʬǲģϹĻᣬÿֶһ˵Ŀϣ˵̫ˣ
նʬʱ˳ɷǣ콵ôʬ޷ûʬɳ󣬽ΪħԱ˳Ϊħʬ
𾪣
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꣡
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˵һĴаûޱȡ
ߣǸϽ뿪˵أûһܻ߳ȥɫҰף뵽ֲĴԣһҲ
ھͷĲӬ߲ȥҰʯн裬εֵסħʬצӡ
գ֮䣬ȻһӶѪζмˣڻŵĲʮˣЩ˷ɱȴû߳ȥ
ףЩϤӵ͵վסü΢壬˼С
ħʬǺëֱ͵ץ˹¾ɽâһֻһҶоֱ飬Ȼħʬֱ۱κжҪӲ
ҲòҰڽνħʬˣ֪ǿ
СӣʲôˣҲӵĲԾ
ˣҶû˵˿̱ת޵ųһĨЦݣŵĶҶ磬߳ȥ
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ȷӿ϶ĵͷ
Ǻãȥ
쵰СӣҪɶº޳ܵѵ֮Ȼ֧Ҷġ
ߣܸоҪı
ͻȻڴӶĲҽУѪŨأҶ㼸ڱӵĴ£ƶȥ
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ʱħʬȻһŭ𣬴ڵѪҺʱˣѪҺŵҲ⣡
ô£
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ѵŻǿ״̬ΪˣħʬĴ˵һʴҶ㲢֪顣
ǵģһս״̬ħԻֱʱҲκβ
ϹȴһֱüͷһҪħʬֵĸо
Ҳκβôǿ󵽺ֵزЩϹŶҲĶ֣
죬ҸоѾӽˣҶ˼һת뿪ȻлᣬһҪһ
䣡
ǰͻȻ纣һӿһƬռ侹Ȼ˻һȻ飡
һƬռ侹Ȼ˸ˣ羪κһ㣬ֲƺҪҶ׷죬֮У
ôҶЩռѷ죬ھҵĲ
ѵħʬѾˣ־ĶĿ˸аֵֵ
ûʱˣ֣Ҷɫһ䣬ͼֳռ䱻Σһа취ɡ
֣ϹԦžҶҶ֮УҲӦǰżΪǿĴڣΪ˵õðǱȻġ
ݼҲûκԥ
ã˷׷׸ֶΣһʱȫһƬ֮У˿̴֮ϵҲʶħʬĲԾŰ˵ʧʱ˴Ǹϵ׷һƬϵУ
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ԭĵ۱˿˿ƣͷǵǱһ㣡
ƣһƢҩ㴫˳һ̣ĿɿڴʱƮƮɣϼĸо
ʥҩﻹʥҩϵʹһȳ֣
ˢ
֪ʱ粻ȶҲ֮УǾȻͬʱ֣
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ߣֻǶΧһɭر֮أ·ˣҰͻȻ˽ȥȻһʥҩϹŶߣǰһб
ҿ˿̣ƬȻǧˣص£ֵܶѾˣȻµħʬҲŽɱ䣡
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ϽâȻ粻𿪣
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ħʬȻǿǽӽ쾳ϹŶҲĶ֣
߰ȫ·ߣҶ˵һͼתǵĽŲƮ죬ɴ붴
ϹݼһۣҶĲ¼֪ܱ·ߣԺɵ˳ȥ

ãнƣɫһ䣬Ųһ۾Ȼڴ˴½ƣȻĶҪʥҩҪö࣡
쵰Сӣ㣬Ǹħʬˣȷܵùħʬ󣬲ͣĻצӣ׷ӿҪ°ĭˡ
ƽ𣿡
ܣҪʱ䣡ӿ϶ĵͷݱׯϣǾһ㣬ִͬķӡڣʹýƿʼ
೤ʱ䣿
㹻
סҶ㵱ϣ¾ɽգɫĹâֱħʬԺ䵽һ𣬴ĿĹâȻħʬצ𿪣
ӣ취һᣡ
һӴóһҩۣһ
ҿʲôôŻӲҪˣһҩʵ̫ˣڵµĸõϹײĺʬҪöࡣ
ӲҰ֣ʹһΪħʬһצץƨϣ𾪵鷢ˣצӲûмģ
ǵģû˺£ģƺӻѺá
˿̣֮ӲͶҰ̧һͰѬī֭ͷ£һӽħʬԴϣ
̫ˣӣɶҶסӣʵ
ʬۣīӳֺöү᲻óأںϣһ켶Ҷһȭﲻ֪ļһǵĳ嶯
㣡һĪоϮҶʶĸоãпЩϹŶ쳣ʱн˵صĿܡ
˿ħʬҲӦŭһצһץڶҰϣʱ˺һѪ⣡
һҰʵĿãצϮʱ򣬾ȻûУɼħʬĿ¡
ӽһâʢǵĪĽƾ飬Ҷһϲֱ롣
С磡һС磬ףﻹеĺۼȻ˼ҵдϲҪ֪һ磬Ҫľ
¡¡ƹرգħʬȻڽ֮⡣
ǰһȻѾήɻ֮£ȻһˮۼΪӾһɭĵط֮أǷˣڴ˵һؿɵʮ֮ĵɱҪǿö࣡
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ֻ£ӲͶҰͬʱ˵ĵطʱ䣬֮Ȼһ֮ԴֻҪܹõΪʲô⡣
ϹһкһݼŲ۶ȥƺıӦʱͼץһöʯ
ģɫıʯϹⲻϲɫȻöʯž޴á
ҶһȦûһƬһ߳һֻͭӵһ֣һ֣һ˳˲ɽӵضֲ֮
ޣޡӴˮˣɫͺˮݣ³֮һ̯֣Ȼһıʯһɫģ⼣ͭҿʲô⣡
ɵˣһ龧Ө͸Ķôó֮
ǺӲͶҰҲ˳Ұ¶ʱƿڴӣүģǶȷֵģҿ̵ģҡ
Ӳһϲɫ·ɺһͷžֳһ
ʱºͶҰˣһﵽӲϣǲ֮Դˣүģó
ȻӲһ̯֣һ羧ʯһıУ֮Դ
˭û뵽֮ԴȻСӲˣӺͶҰԳΪǿ޵Уȴû뵽СӰһ
Ҳ棬ҶСǸһ£һ۾ͿҶеһƬƬˣһıǹ񼶵춫
Уֲɵ˭ǿͭҶ㲻мƲƲ죬һίԺӲҧгݣ׿һ̵࣬ô⡣
кöһͭһӣ͵ؼ۶ȥ
ҶüͷǿͭУܸоͭһ㣬Ȼͨͨһű;
ӷһӡȻѾ𣬵ϵһ𣬱ָо¾ɽҲƲķܽ¾ɽ顣
ˣˣˣ
һֻӴôں֮ϣһ˵ľ˵ĶĤϣӾɲǣȻûκηӦȻһѪ
쳷֮Ӽʶ㣬ĵһͷֱͬʱӦˣ׼Զݴ˵أ
Ҷһѱסҡҡ׹ıӣμٺˣͬʱһŵҪŶˣǴȥ
֧סϾҪȥˣҶ⿴ӵץżƬƵľӡƬЩԾñӿϵıԲǷƷ
ҩ϶ɵľӨ͸ľӡƺ˿̣Ҳûоˡ
ȻҪƽƶɲǣֻһ죬Ӧ飬һ޴ħ֣Ǻëֱ۵һɨ˾ɣ



ʮ ս
үүģˣһǶԸˣټһħʬѵעҪ˵أƵĴе
Ҫ䣬еŮûдӦҽأӲһ߷µĳ嶯˿ǰ˾ϵһ㣬׸
ħʬһ֮󣬰˱СԪս˲½Ϊ㡣Ȼħʬ֮ҲʼɢûмҶˡ
ӣħʬô꣬ûʶҶЩʵ
Ŀ˸ħʬǺëϣ쳣ǰһʶĳɱˡ
ûʶʶˣǽʱøҪףʶңǳ롣Ϲʱӿڵƺ˺Ҷھ񱮵һĻʱݱ䣬һ߸ϵľӡ
ʶң˼һѵģԼʶҶԾ׷ʵ
Ϲͷ󵨵ĲһʱӦ
֮ǰô£ΪʲôôӲʵ
Ǹӽӿڵ
ʲô˭Ǹһأ
ţˣҲ˵ǵһֻһҲڽֻһ֪ϧǴˣҪʱ䣬ǸСһһɳһܳɾ͵λ̾ϢƺҲΪеϧ
ιһ˵𣿡ҶͻȻڣɰһܻĶסҶ죬ҰͺӲסҶ㣬Ҫֹ˵
֣а취ŹǣҶħʬ֪ҵĻа취ħԳȥһˣ
СüΪžס˿廨棬
а취ܾãħʬȻڣ˻Ƴأÿһֶһħݺݵĳ˵ţֻоһأѪ
УҶһϲᶨ˵
ǺãһὫǳǣܾϿĥһɹұкħʬһ䣬ѹƣ˸еĩս٣ϾҪظһ㡣
ιҶСӣаգѪӿ֮ħʬȥѹ˸оԼһ⣬Ӵ˹ĵʵ
ûУҶɴĻش
ҿû㻹˵ѾģүģүɱӲˡأƬƬҵʧѣҪʱ򣬻ҪƬƬ

ǰҪٽﾫҶΪվħʬǰ
˵һҪҪ֪˵ǴӾʯеľʯ֮ģһٶ־ʯܳһﲻ
ħʬҲϻһ֣һ⸡Ҷǰһһٶľɢһأӹֱ
СıʹãЩҲõģڴˣǽħʬȻһ仰Ҷ㹻Ȩޡ
ҶҲ˼Ĳϣߵ֮££չֳɭȻֶ
ҶҪԴԾ񱮵Ҳ˵Դһ۵ĸӰɣչֳʱܺ۵ӳ
۵۸ֳ۵֮һ֮УµйâһЩԾĵСӾȻҪ˼ҵĸҿ̫˰ɣ˼ҵˣ
һۣ¶ʱʣµĺݻʽˡ
ħʬйâûгֹӳһƬۣۣ֮
ҶɫһϲƬۣ㹻İƳһʺԼսף
СڵһбֹҶƶ磬Ż˷ӴܵӴץУӵĲƬһû
С翪ʼͣĲһ⻮һƬһƬͭᵽһ𣬾ȻҶеƬӵһ
ħʬһ鶯ӿ۴ӷӮģɽɽϣһ˲õķʱȵħԣɲ۷ģ
ǰдõĴӣҶںһҪӡ
һӱħʬ˳ȥҶ˼£˳ȥƷ̫ˣܳħԣ
ҲУ
ǲУ

ӶӶҶ˳ȥħʬ޺޵ֱҧս֮˹
ţУðɣħʬĳ嶯Ĺ񼶱ﻹã֪᲻ӹײĳҶƴ
ҰҶ˴ĴָǸүǣ
飡飡飡顭
ϺȻħ֣Ҷ֮£һ𣬶ڷŸղ϶ɵͭӡ
Ҷ֮ͣĴ򣬴ʱһĿƻÿһ緢ֻӲ֪ʲôʣħ֮£Ȼ޶ԣûκαƻĺۼ
һŻ𾫱룬ʱӿĿĹâҶͶУ˾Ȼ޷͸Ҷ㵽ڸʲô
ҪսףһڿˮսıһʺԼսףսֹһȼ
˲֪ãҶӰ¶ֻһȣǰְɣ
ħʬɫһ䣬ճ֣֮Уһħ˴ʧɫҶڲԶ㱻ħʴʧ˱ġ
ȵķ֣ħħʬħһС֣˵ǾţһëԦǿħ֪ħʬĿ£
ϺȻҶգħʬħΪԼһսףں۵ħʬħϣս׽Ǿ޽Уǿ쳣
𡭡ħݺᣬƺҪħʬʴ
µצϮƺҪҶ˺飬Ҷ֮ͣôϣڵͭӣѾӽһͭսף
ˣ
۵ں۵ʱ֣ΣħѹסͬʱһӵħʬצӴ˻ȥ
ǰͷħɣҶɫһӿôٶȣħȴһЩήңǹħӰҲģ
䣡
ħʬһҧħȻͷŶռȻһС翪ʼŤƺϾҪһ㣬Ҷе֮Щץסͭƺ޾ѾҶҪָӣ
ۣ
ΣҶ㲻ߣħȣӤͳһ㣬ħһָͷҶ㣡
磬סᣬɫĹâͣĲƺҪһ㣬ħ򻯳һֻͷ¿ڣҪҶɶ¡
ӾǲаһҪҶ㱩ȣâ趯ͼûһֻ޴İԣҶУ˫ͬʱħֹâ



ʮ 
ֻأңǿ֮һӿȻʧЧˣֻħһͷ­һ̣ƺĴҩ
ͭҶĿƣûԭͣڿмٷŴҪҶУ
Ҷŭһâţǿӿ羪κˣ
ȿȡͣѪħܼԦסģӵ֮ħʬҲֻѹƣҶ쿪
Ҷһ˿ħͺ˵գȴӲ䲻ˣҶ㣬Ȼ꣬Ѿ顣
׾
ڵͭȻһ£ɳҶħ֮䣬ħȻնϣҶһɣûӦƽ⣬Եڵء
ӵӲûֳͭԼĳ嶯ͭԼöģȴû뵽ȻһرֵܵסħͭӵĶƷܲ
Ҷǰһ̽һץͭٴץУʶУ񱮣ѹ֮裬´
ͭסռ䣬ħӿֳңڽͭʱ򣬾˻֮顣
ܿ죬ս׵ĳδɣƬۺ۵ϣֻսȴûһ˿飬ʵ̫ˣ
ҿǸȱСҪʲôѵҪ񼶵սףüͷ˵һսף˿˵ǳɹˡ
һħս׵ƷȻ켶û⣬ǣҶ㻹ǲ⣬ڰյͭĿ˸ͣ
䣡䣡
ħȻӿ·һֻ񱩵ʨӣŰͭͭһΡɽʨμײһ
Ҷһ֣ͭһˣħ˲񱩣ŰеһУս׵ǰһɾ޴˹ȥħƺѲս׵գ
ҪлħʬǰҶħ˲֪ãħʬʶתǰ𾪵һУҶһʶ
ħ˿̱ߣʱˬĸоǰٵķŭҲ֮ˣҲһ
ǰսûм飬޷ǿħҶЩûһӦļ飬սʱбΣգʱħ壬˶ųȥ
ħʬĿһ̽һץһһȵϮ
ſңѾԼϵȨңһɰŮֻħʬץһֻ߸ߵС顣
Ϊ飬ս㹻ħʬԶСĻֱӶҶ
ҿʲʲôСӣһѣûΡϣôʹɶӵɴ۾һڿˮѵ˵ҵүү̫ˣҪǸ쵰С飬ģڰ
ϹʴţҪɰС֮ԴƭСԪȫ⣡
ҪӹҶһڴ½ϷųһϢ쾳ϹŶᣡ
СƲ죬ҪˣѾģǲʶľ飬ȻҵƼ׵ļ飬һҪҧǣ
СãϸɣҸǳԣӼԶΣգھˣħʬ湴С顣
ô֣ôҲŲȥأСһ仰׵ˣӱܴεڵء
ۣħҲҪҲҪءСѾͷħʱ򣬾ȻҴܣƺ±ħʴһ㣬ȻصĿ
СӣСӣҳȥҳȥҲħһءǴӣء
ҶɲЩ˷ޱȣħѾȫսֻͭԼΣ޷У
˿̣ħʬϺëȥ¶һ˵ӣüĿһӣŰۣһȾӣﻹзźëֵӣ
ǰ֪ͭΪ
񼶲ϣһħ̫֮֮ħʬˣ񼶵Ĳϣܽħ֮ıⶫȻ˴ͷ
ӼҪѪĻԵˣͽħ֮ı֪ʱơ
ҶСӣܲܰңһС۾һգһգģǼᡣ
ң
ɱ⣬ɲһŵס䡣
սҪˣħʬһ£üĴһâսϣȻУսڷ⣬ħʬİ£Ȼһɷ
лǰҶɫһϲ
ţսײһҪ񼶣պٴδпܽ񼶣Ұ˵սģϡȱӵս׵ߣһЦ½
Ϲӣһֶͬսףʱҳһ飡Ҷԥһ£Ես׽켶ģȻħʬѾֻ֣ҪܽԼͨУһս׽
ãϹܾݼȴеϣӦҶһ飬˵ɴСҲ˵ԳҶУ
ϹҶ㲢˵Ծ񱮣ͨڣһ֣ͬͨʱսױһ¥
֣ҶһԲΣǰת˸ŹâϹҲˣâںϵһ
ˡ
һ˻սⱩڶ˵ӴɲǣȻһҶʧˣ˵ںϣҲûдﵽ֮ͨ
ңս飬Ͷ˵⣬Ҷɫ䣬ȻҪ飬һò
ֻеɫĹâһǷӨľӡâγһӰһµγɣһ´ս֮ϣսһ٣ûжҶ˵ǵûס
˻ʵӼľѾǧ겻˼䣬û뵽վȻӵõ
ȡӵԪѾǼޣս飬Ȼñˣâ
ǰһ֮Ҷ㼱
Ҫһʧܣ㽫飬Ĩȥħʬƺ֪ҶҪʲôѵ
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ħʬĿһһâ˹ȥҶգȻŶ˵ȥ⻪һξȻʧ˵ߣ
ô£ƺûǣƣص˱ӵϣϹҲеһᣬŵѹʧˡ
Լսף
ʲôˣ찡ôʲôҿôͭҰӶĳˣǵĻǿͭ
粻µģһЦȥЦúܲá



ʮ ħ׶
ҶںΪһʱ򣬹âһƺʧڿռ֮Уڵ˻ᣬöڵսһɡ
ڵڼ˲ţҶһ㱻ȵҩűʱףڵߣпǸͨǿ߷õģ
һݣҪ
Ѿ֮ܿҶʵΪԵĽҩôΨһĿܾҪɱ
ߣҪɱ𣿿ƫƫ̤֮ȡҶЦ֮񣬺һսף
ҩӿҶı徹ȻԵѺۣħŻ壬ս׾Ȼħʬɫһ䣬ԪĶȻע룬ѿս׸ϣ
ѽСأ㲻ҪһˣҾҪһӼˣĴ۾һˮСϤҶϡ
սףСΪҶʶ͵һͭһţ˲飬ΪΣҶâʢͬʱҲս֮У
ôûг°ͣ۰Ͱ͵ĵҶ
ҶСĻԵضȻһ£ЩĽʺЩ˵ˣ˵
䣡
ͻȻһ죬С˲ǿߣ粻֮ȫУ
ǹȻ粻о֮ʱɫһϲǱħʬµڹǺ۷Σҵ
ףǺˣʿħʬЩɻδӣȴһ𺳣ɲĸо
ħħʬԼһ֣Ӵ֮Ϊħ
Сıﱻռâ˸ħµˡ
ףϹݼôڴˣʿ˻Ϲٶˣһת˵ӰӾȻˣ쳣
ʦ棬Ǳ°ģϹѵ
󵨣˸°ʥʥŮ
Ҷ㣡ϹһΰҶˡ
ߣҶ㣿ǻĲͷˣĸУҲʥطŭǿܼ֮Ϊϵ͵߾ƷɣڰͻȻըѪӿѪ֮
С籾ҵģռ֮˵ħЦֶףڵҶҲҵѣ˵˵ħһָһɾ缤һܣָ磬ȴߵķȻ޿ɱܣ
飡
嵹ɳȥһѪǲ˼飡
һжסǰ˵ʲôˣΪʲôǿ
ڽǿ𾪣ŵһĻȫħ֣ȻܶܣͽΪ޼Ƕħһ֮У
ħֻϢŭʿҪΪѣ˵ЩѣĿһЩֺ֮⡣
Ҳ߳ȰҺҶҲ꽻Ȼί
С硭粻ħ֨ٴС⡣
ħһ֣СҵģͼȾָ÷ҪΪУ
ߣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣΪȻȽʿǿҲδǵĶ֣С罻ƾʵıħײܾЩݺµǿɫࡣ
֮ǰɱҷҪұأڻҪɱұѵҪǫǲɣħŭˣף¡¡죬ɢȥǿ߱ƷɣǼϹŶǿߣҲ˼
˿̣ˣǰˣ࣬ǷŵǸħʬ
ԭ㣡һתǿߵһʥҩǺ֣ɱħʱʥҩƽ֣
д⣡ʿЦŸ飬Ҳħһߣϲɶֹڴˣ
֣ħ֮ǿȫ֣ħȻɫЩмһ֣СҪˮ߼ץ
սеҶ㲢֪֮£ʱѾÿ飬ҶϹħ۵ʱѾ֯һ
Ҷͨڵ˿̾Ȼоʵǣ֮ǰȻһ˿ؾı߼ʣ˷ܲѡ
ս׾ಹѾɹ񼶣ʱսףĿˣ
һжҪ鹦С飬ս׽֮·Ͼӹΰ׳Լӣ׺սһ
ֻϧûпս׳ͣѾ˳˯
óȥˣһᵣĵġҶţʧԭأ˲䣬ֻɱ죬ɫһݡ
ĿȥħȻ粻ǿ߻սһһ˿·磬ħǿҶ̾
ʱ쳣ŭ
ص¾Ȼһֻӡͣĺӣ˿̵ıǱȹּѪصµԻͨ죬˫Ŀ
Ǿӡǿ󣬱ӱѹ·硣
СƤֻҪϼ޸ңһ㳢˵ζһǸʲôǿö࣡ɣʹҰɣص޳ܵ̽һץӶһ˿صץУ֮ȻڱǼ䣬ݺݵһڣ
޳ܣҸȡ㹷Ӳ˵Ʊȥ·ӡס޿κΡ
磬٣һĳɽأˣһֻ־ҪĹСӣ㻹ǸҰɣұ֤ˬ໴Уүһ
мɽͣն䣬޼¡
СƤϵˣɣүްɣӵɽһ̧صоȻһֻ£Ҫץס
ص£һ쳣һɳȵϢֻһӱն飬صµͬʱ˼
磬֪ģءǺǿƵˣȻ¶һ棬ȻصѾĵߡ
Ҷסޣ㱨𣡡
Ҷ㣿û뵽Ļҳص¶̰ЦݣӡȻתҶѹ
ߣҶһͳԶһᣬȻǰ壬¾ɽһʱǱŷص¼Ϊ𾪵ǣӡ˱Ҷȳ֣
صȻһ𣬹âӡâһȻѹȥ
ӡѹص±һâţҪҶ飡
Ҷ巭תͼ֣ͷӡȻײ

һ죬ͼͷӡͬʱˣص´ʧɫⷭӡǷ˿̾ȻҶİͼ൱
ص£ɣħħ׶ϺȻɫĹâӳյգӰֻ֣ħ֮ϾȻһ׶
ɫĹâһоȻγһɫ׶ӹӰȻ䣬صαˣҪӡ赲



ʮ ս
͡
ͼһΣӡסȥƣصɫ䣬һҧһƬƹ׵ĲƬ˳õסħ׶
ž
飬ħ׶ΪޣصĨһ亹Ҷʱ¶Щ𾪡
СΪǴڵĺܿ죬ֲøҳԲѷ
ҶͻȻѾ˵ע⣬ħ¶ĵ˼ͬһ˿𾪣Լսף˵Ĵԣ˶ǼΪǿԶҶҲӿһ֡
粻ɫͬʱһ䣬ǿԿó˿̵Ҷ㣬Զ֮ǰʢΪƺҪĻħѾȫգ
ҶСѣѪҺ˵żôϣСѿԸһʱҿһգӦһҶʱЩ
ص²֪ΪαͨסˣҶƺںĳλϼһ˵ûгûֵ˼΢˷ġ
ǰųһѪĻ֪ʲô飬ǰ˼ҶܣЦͨڵԼһûģҺ񣬷롣
ұĹаȫ£ĬƬ̡
ҶһϾͷͷ֮ǰľ飬֪ϼһȺ궼ɲ
ǰҿǸʵˣֲǻģʲôأҶĻشûˤԼЩ޳ܣҶȣԼ޳ܿˡ
ðɣ㿪ɣֻҪΧڣѪҺ־ڱصã費ֻ࣬Ҫһ㹻飡ҶĲԣʱǿӲ

ҶѵҪСıǿ㽻һս̤˼˳˿̼ؼҵǿҲƵصµߡ
ʲôȥ

СӣѾˣЩǿκβħѵκβ𣿡ڡȰ⡱СѸһѪұ֤ǣ
ɭıԴ֮ɣĩսͷԼ̻һϿյһ䣬Ϊľ
ֻû뵽ȻһйɣֲЩǿûѰٵõ֤һգջ磬ӦҶЩģյ
ҶȷǶˣ˵ǧѷĻǰЩ˵ڣһָȻħһưոݣΪԼȥ֪ʲô顣
аߣҶ㿪ʵ
ûУ
ôȥ֤
۵߿Խ֤ԥһ£˵˳һֱҪջ˵Ϲ񱮣Ĺâ㹻ǺһˣԽ˴ͷǷʱǳ
ҿû㣬ҲԽ֤ˣҶüͷϻĶأ
ûң޷ȥ˵˹ؼ
ãҴӦ㣬ΣյʱҪԮֻ֣Ҫҿϵı㲻ȾָһΪҳ֣֤֮һѪҺƬ̣ҶͷӦʡ
ȷǸûᣬŰɱؼң绨ţڶǿߵĻᣬҶ㲻Ź
ȻЩ̣ȣʲôôȻͷӦ

ΪԶˣҶ㶢Щˣʮ죬ʮ죬ʮһ죬жʮʮ֮µߡ
绨һˣƽûκβҷ绨ŵӣҾ֪Ķıնˣʶģ¿ͷΪҲܴ󷢴ȱһƽˣ
ʮֲƣ붯֣ѤõĹâҫء
Ҫҳ𣿡ħҶȴҡҡͷЩϺзԽЩϼһ֣ͷǰŵ㣡
ħͷһĨʣ͵ãӣ
âҶûκηϻͼڽ£һʧ˵ǰ

һ漴㴫һҽУâᴩ壬һѪ˾ʹ˵ȥ
ۣۣۣ
ͬʱһҽУѪţǸ赲¾ɽʹ͸ǵ壬ݹ࣡
ôܣսôǿ˹ˣ쳣ǰҶսȻսܣҲ֪սܵԭһԼĴ⣬̶̼յĹȻ֣ԼǶôЦҶսȻǿˣ
ҲҪ£һ֣ͬɵСӣսɫҲüΪѿ˿Ҷ㱬սʵ̫ǿˣ
СȻɱ粻ɫޱ䣬ҪѹҶ㣬ǵǰͻȻħͬʱǳ֡
ˣսΪΣ粻һû뵽ԼԼ֣һƣƷɳȥ˿Ѫʵ
û˭ҲܶҶһ˿ë
ããȻ㲻飬Ҳ飡粻ŭţǿͨʩչҪնڴ˵ء
ߣ㻹аԪβʥҩøңǼ鳾ɣвУ
һΪΪǸ쵰СӣԭΪʥҩֲãֲã룡粻ŭŭʢ

ǲɱ𣿡Ҷβͣı任λãͼʱʱ֣ÿͼ֣ѪŽͬʱһλǿ䡣
ۣۣ
գ֮䣬ʮ˱ɵһ룬ǿ߱þʧ룬ȫʧ
ΪƺѾ֮һǣһˡһؼҵѾû֮ǰʢˣսսĺһƺâ֣͸оһѪʣҲ赲ס
ʵ̫ɱˣսˣâ
ӣϹһۣʱҶǿսԴսףҶƵף
ѵ׵
սףȻɹƳף˿̵սǰʮϣ𾪵
Ҷ֮ԼСʱ֮սǿʮֹҪԭսףսױ۵ħҶϹҲʸıҶ֮󣬸ǳΪϡеףǿӹɵģ
ҪǣԾ񱮵ǿ֮սطһ𣬾ȻܽսʮҲҶս

ҶĮͣȺﴩһһÿһ̺ǿɱ죬ɺǿ֮
㲻Ҫҿͷ㲻Ҫȡ𣿡Ҷβ֪ʱƶ˵Ǹ绨ŵӵǰ¾ɽһᣬâ
㡭λɫһ䣬ʮĺȻĿĹâԡһҪҶ˺ѣ
ߣʲô㣡㣡ҪҲ㣡ҶĽʮֿ죬Ψ첻ƣ
飡
ҶһȻƣۼ˷ҶһɫʯͷƺͭɵĳҶȻ貵Ĺâսڣ
Ȼһն䣬Ȼʮս
˿˲ŲҶ쳣սƺǿ󣬶ƺĳطսܺȻʮ
ҿǿȺбһ̾ʮս֮£һжݹ࣬¾ɽ޿ɵ䣡
꣡
绨ŵĵ־壬Ҫڵʱ¾ɽѾ룬Ѫһء
ۣۡ
Ҷϵģֶ֣β̹ϣ
˶סˣɲǵĹʮˣ˿̽ʣص£ֵˣ֮˾ʮǿҲ⣡
У˻ɱΪΣ˵һͬʱԼû鷳
սƾʮҶ¶һ˿ЦݣʶԼıףϲѡ
ص£εãѲĺ۸𣡡ҶֹͣϮɱָص£ս״˿սܣŴطһ
صĿ⿴Լҵڣ۵һĻŸڻѪأҽǱ֮ﻹаؼС
ҵͬѹƣϹŶƺûгֵ˼
ӣͷһصμˣҶ㣬ȻΪȥֵǿ涼˿ɱˣڴˣܻ뿪
ȻˣɱҶᱦǾͲҪˣҶЦţαͬʱ緢ħ貣ħ׶ȥ
ߣҶ㣬Ϊ𣿡صµٶ˿ת֮ͼ۰֮⣬ҲȲҶ㣬ֻҶâһξȻصµߣ¾ɽն䣡

ӡһɹâҶһһ𣬾ȻһѪͬʱɿˣ
Һװֵһˡ
ҶβûֹͣϷ¶һ˿˷֮ɫѤöĿĹâץͭƾȻץ˷ӡ
صҲ˿ܣȻܿ¾ɽıɱħ׶ȴϣ屻ݺݵƷɳȥâ壬ƻ



ʮһ ֲĽɫ
ħ׶ϬǿصϲģǰһƬ׵ֵħ׶Ĺһζħ׶Ϯһ˿ӡ
ȴû뵽ʮս֮£ħ׶һɱصµɿš
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ˣصӣҲصӣȥû뵽Լǰɱ
ߣ̰ҪۣħһǷӡһգѪ磬ҽвͣ
ҶһӡץУصµʶĨȥвһϲתĿŵֵܵϣȶռ䱻ѹŤ˳ȡ
ڣֵµ¾ɽһֵָһʮս֮£ǺԣҶֶǿϬǸǶ֣
飡
ͼһΣҶʧԭأֵͬʱ֣һߣɡ
ǼţĿĹâһսɽȱһμ˵ͬʱһ˷Ѫ磬ɳȥ
˿̷粻ۣȴסȲܳȻҪʱȻȫ֣ѹ
ֵɫͬʱһ䣬ŵ汻ѹǶѾ;ĩ·һۣ¶֮⡣
һߣħȫɱ֮£ǣֻħ͵һ죬һ׹ľ룡
䣡
һص죬ֻϹһŭ񱮵ѹֱײȻ񱮵
ãҪˣһֱעϹĶ̬ἲ۵ʱת˳ȥ͵һӿסᣬ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ҳ˲ΪѷֵܣͼâһҶһ֣Ҫ򿪣ץᣡ
쵰Сӣǵүȿϵģҿ㲻ܲ尡һȻֲסᣬҶĳ֣Ҳ⧲
ȥүģ㻹ƨ壡һתɫĴӡ䣬ҶɫһϲҪץסᣡ
飡
ͻȻгһֻɫ֣һҶ֣һȻĿռ䣬һ̣Ҫץߣ
ǡɫȻ仯ʿ죬ȫɫ䣬ħҲеֵֻĲͬѰ
ãȫ֣ħͷصᣡϹ˻Ƶһ˿кͳ֮⣬ȻֻɫľּΪֲ
Ҷ˻Σ˼һѪһֻƵӰͽҶˣӰıжôǿ
磬Ҫ֣ӷסҶ壬ɫЩѿҲЩţ鼸£û˵ڡ
֪Щʲô

˿ϹѾȫ֣ĿĹâȻ۵ӡǣƿնɫֺݺݵѹ£񱮵ı渡ֳںϵһγһµȫѹ£ڽӴɫֵʱ򣬺Ȼը
ɲǼ䣬鿪Ϊϵ͵߷ӴܣԳܲסɾΰмһѪ
ÿ£쾳ǿǰҲǲһɣҶɫµĶۣȷǿħھϮʱҲͣĺˣâ
ħʬ֣Ϲ˻Ƶ쳹ƽ̨ĳأѾڣһС磬ҲϹΪһŹǽɫ֮ϣ
ħԥƬ̣йâһϹСΪһḥ̂ΪһȣŽɫֿ㣡
ĿĹâγһͼâţȻɫУ񱮣Ϲ꣬ȫ֣Ҫɫ飡
һص죬ɫֵ˾ȻԽռ䣬񱩵ħâɢ񱮳һѺۣɫץסâһѪ䣬ǿ֮Ȼ˾ͱ飡
ÿ񱩣ϯڣ߳Ϊһ촷ۣɢڿռ䣬Ҷ˷ɿĺˣҺݣƾҶΪ޷ǿ
磬ҵļƺһЩӵܵͣȴҶһսѵӵıˣѵǸаԵһԲϾҪȡ߶Էıӻˣ
ֻڵӣǰһǸɶŮħͷ
˰ΪˣǺǣܸ˵˵𣿡ҶЦ˼ЦúǿܲȻ
šڼеıӲûע⵽״ڵֻƺ֪˭ˣ
ʲôС˵ֻ֪ɫֵˣվһԣȻ˵ĶԻ𾪵ʵ
ţҵļңֻɫֵϹŵһħħһֻƣӵĻᣬȴв仰
ħʱ˴ʧɫ½ðĿħͷѵҪ
ܣѾ˼ܻ꣬ϣ
ûʲôܵģ˲񹦣ҳɾ˲˵ʲôأ
군ˣħͷ֣ûһܻ߳ȥ뵽ڹħĴ˵п־塣
ȻҲ֪ʲôȷֻɫ־ǹħƣӿ϶ĵͷ
УҶҲһħѾΪ½ĽɣûԸ½Ѫȷܹ˼꣬¼սѡ
ϹŵһħħΪѾ֮ǿ֮Ϊ׺ƫɱˣΪһϷԣһ޳ǣһѣ
׶ֳ׷ɱħħȫӣҪɱ֮˾նɱ飬ֶβ֮
£â߼価ã꺢ħ֮ҲếޣڷӿĴ½ϣ۳ǧ֮á
Ȼһɱϰ֮ŭǲ۰Ķӳãħ֮ǿѾܵУȻ۶Ϊս裡
Գ֣սܣħͲ񹦣𣬲֮£ʬӡޣԶó
ȴû뵽չħȻƿնһֻƾճ֣Ҫᣡ
ĸϹŶɫͬʱ䣬ӵĻȫͬħľƿնԲô򵥣
Ȼ¶֮⣬Ҫֻ֣ʳ񹦵Ĺ
䣡䣡䣡
ը죬Ϲ꣬񱮣ħ߾ɣĿĹâһһӴƲ񷣬ʹеĻᶼûУâ顣
ۣѪ磬ħâһؿڳһµ˿ڣҪѪҺδδͣĵ䡣
񱮱أâҵϹ͵۾¶һ˿֮ɫ徹Ȼۿɼٶϻ
ÿ£񶦾ʵ𣿡ҰЩ˷ܣʯн߬ĸ
֮𣿲ֻɫֵʵȻڲңʴţڵһᣬһ˫ܾ˵Ļᣡ
ȻǰҲ㣬µһﶼ߹ħ޼ɵ߾ȻЦҶı£Ҳоͷʹѣ
ãֻɫҪҪȡĹʿоǲŵɫ
âѾǧٿף飬ɫֲ֪ӺζǿȻҪĹУ



ʮ ڶʳ
ͼ⻪һҶʧԭأȻչľ봢䣬˿̣񱮵ľ𣬵񱮱Ҳһɶõ켶
Ҷ㶯ʱ򣬳ͷͬʱ֣ӽ쾳Ϲһ֣һӾͽҶĹִ飡
ҿ϶ǸҶŭһͼĹâһţͬʱ֣
䣡䡭
Сɵһû뵽һ޾СӾȻ֣Һ֮ƺҪһɱ
ɵպһȭһֻɫĴȭͷγɣȭͷĥһ£Ҷ޿ɱܣ
ߣһ·ȭͷ飬˼𾪵ĿȻҶȴ϶ͬʱʩչ
㡭ɴŭһϣȻȥܲŭ
ɫĴֶȻչȻһһıϹ⻪ţ𿪣ȻоһҶξȻǰ־ڶʳ
󵨣ƾСһҲҪڶʳɣΪ㣬Ϊû취ˣһȣȭͷƣҶȻ£ƺҪͷ­飡
Ҷɫţħͬʱֻ֣غʹҵϢҲһû뵽Ҷսǿ
޽ӽ쾳ǿߣ̧֮䣬ħǿ߶ڻ£ҲŶҶսͨҲ޷â
ֻصȻҲһָһһ⻪Žֻ֮Ȼ飬ȻٴһָʱħƵʱգԭҶȻ˻ȥ
ߣһ¹âһʱɢȥ㽫ҶĨȥʱһͷϣ漴оһᣡ
ۣ
һ죬ӣɫһֻһӰ׷ɳȥѪһأܻСӣҪɱ㣡
˴ʧɫСӾʲôŭԹ£ǵóλǿߴ
ץŰؾ񱮣μ֮ȫȭӰҪҶûһ㣬ܳȻħƣҲ㹻ҪҶ
Ҷǡô֮ģҶġСϷмһ˵ʱҶ㷢һͬʱȻһͬеɿµ
ȴǰؾ񱮣
ףҶСӾȻ֪ߵغĺħϹ񱮣ϷԵǣջҶ˰أ
ס֣ҲЩƣΪҶ㣬ǵѣԼԪǵΣܽҶѪ֮ɱΣ
һˣչ٣лû壬һɳ񷼲ۣһβȭӰ壬ͷһһ֮
飡
ɫһ䣬ϵı¹âţҶħǿߵϣ޷ŹҪסҶ㣡
½ҽ꣬ҲԸ֣¾ʹգΣΪʤһڳα仯ʱһᣬֻһ죬屻׷ɳȥ
˺
±飬һ˿֮壬ƻĻܣ
ΪôһɵˣҪƻ֮ꣿҪ֪һͬȼж;
ڽ콵ʱԮ֣֮һཻܻ飬Щ˸費˵ģ
ҶͬҲҵѣϣǾʹ˰֣Ժͣ񱮾͸Ҳգйâ˸Ȩ֮󣬿ڵ
ǰҶѪҺʱҲûб̫ϣһʱ֮ȻԼó㣬ҪǣľؿȻһ΢ɶһЩʼδģ
ֻҪӵҶѪҺ֮룡
ѵԸǰ𣿡ʱɻз粻ͬʱվ˳˵
ߣҶѣҶͱҲ飡ָ˵壬Ȼһ䣬Ӵƽú˼
˸ŹâļסҶ֣ܴħǿð񱮣ֺݽɫ㹻ġ
ҶȻ˼أ̬޸һȬ
ȻĿһۣԼѪҺӣǵ飬漴ת̧ͷ񷣬ͽɫֵĶԿѾȻĽ׶Ρ
ĹױȵķϹҲ׳󳹵ױɫ֣
˿̣ĹĿĹâĹ֣ɽȻ෴֮УȻɫˡ
Ҷ㣬Ұᣬʱϣһ֤ͬϹͻȻҶĶУҶ㶢һ֪һ⡣
ȷʵıҶ̰ģҶҪһľ齣͸ԼĽ㣬Ҷ硣һ־ҪԼļܵһ˿˺ԣֻҪһܱ˵ĻᣬŹ
񱮣׼һϣ
ãҴӦ㣡Ƭ̣ҶͷӦʡȻϹЩȣҲʡ
ħǿ˷ָЩǿߣħʱҲ¶⡣
ºͣѤöĿĹâɫְÿ񱩣ƺҪɫֳ飬ɫеʱѾ飬˿˿Ƶ֮У
ʱ֣Ҷüͷ壬ɫȻǿ󣬵һֵֻӰ۵ӡǣڣȻռɫֳһգֻҪĹڣֻҪĹϢ
ɫһȻӿŭˣ忪ĿĽâأƺҪسű
𼱣óȻֱ֣飬ϹĿ˸ͣ
ڽɫֽܿڵһյʱȻɾ˺Ȼըѣһǳߣ飡
֣ϹһȣκҶһͬʱ֣͵ϮʱȻſһǣϤ˹ȥ
Ҷһû뵽ϹĹǾȻãȻ񼶵ҲƳ켶ķ
ھ˷ʱҲǽɫʱϹ˿̳֣
Ϊ̫ͣ˴ǰţ޷շУҶͺͨãϹڵɲǣôƳȥ
Ҷ㣬ͬʱֹɫ֣ĵطϹҶ̾ϸ΢֮ȻץסŮ͵ϮԼôĶ֪ʱһ亹
ͬʱҲʮҺʹŮδֽɫֻ
䣡䣡
һ֣ͬսǷҶԼϹ϶ΪһȻը죬ĿĹâȻǹɫ֣
𡭡ħûʮĲȻ֣һɫִһȱڣùħ쳣ŭ
Ϲϲ󴦾ǽɫֵı֮Ҷһ˿ϲ⣬Ͼּ
ҿѵҪ˵أ
Ӵ˹ĿĹâȻûҶɫ䣬˳ܺͰͼһͬӳֵͭһ
ˣС̫Բˣ
찡սѾʮǿߣֻҪʱգȻܳɴϧӢŰ
֪СΪԼ쾳ǿֵ߰ܿЦеһɨգϣǾǳһֻӬһġ
飡
һ죬ɫ־Ȼһۿɼȱڣ˶һĻĿɿڴҶһﲻû£ҳ֣ҾȻɫֵһǱ飡
Ҷг𾪣ħȫһʱһ˿֮⣬ϹŵһħľɱһǿħҲˣڻδ֪οһĲ
ǣ鷢ˣڹܺͽɫײɲǣںڵĹâ䣬һȻγɣĽâɢܷһƺǴˬ֮⣡
ţʲôֵģ
ôܣסĹħĹȻҿ̫˼ˡ
ƽ̨֮۷׷ףȫĽʺޣо֮⣡
ǿйâļͼһɫĶܸǰŽâʧˣ˵ʧ˵ɣ
Ҷûô࣬״ϲͭȱڶ룬Ҫǿᣡ
ҿһһǸӣ
Ǵӳ죬λǿжð񱮣ҪӹħᣬСӲǷӻʲô
Ӣۣѡ˵ĻһһԸĻŮ˵۾˸СǣûĸŮ˲ϲӢֲۣįֱǿߵӢۣ
еľ񱮣ֱС׼װ˿̣ᰡû뵽СһﵨӴز
Ҷͭڹܵı£ȻȻɫ֮УһһĿĹâ貣һԲεģʹһıץС
ʱּΪ˷ܵĸо˶ᣡܹľᣡ



ʮ ָհ
˷ܣܼӳϣ̤ͼƿճ
ߣԭǸĲ񣬾ȻҪڶʳħŭţɫֽɣҶȥ
ǿƾȻ߾һ̲Ѫ⣬죬ҶѪһӿѪâ
Ϲ֣Ҷ㱩һʧڰͼ֮С
٣ıɫ̾һһâ˳ȥҶ¶ͼһ飡
룡ϹҶԺҶһҧǿߣһ͵Ҫɣͼ񷣬ںϡ
ұգͬʱҶ㴥ףսȻɫİԸߴǧɣ͸Ԩ纣ޱĿĺâȻҪǹâ£
ͬʱһӡգȻϽɫֵĽâ
䣡䣡䣡
һ̾飬ױȵյʵǰͬʱ޴أ
ħʼδû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ˹ϣЪ˹أȻҪֳױ飡
СҼסĺǣصնɱ㣬ǣʹ࣡ը֮дħŭ
ˢ
ӡһˢбƵոб׳һ޵ѪһѪӰ֣ѽɫֵĿƣԱһ˿ħϢУ˴
˿Ҷо亹ȴһҲڣһΣȻԥѡ񻢿ڶʳ
Ȼ֮Ŀ˸ͣᣬȱǰǻǸĲУ˴
Ҷ㣬쵰дϹŭҶİȻǿ󣬵񶦾ǿȣĲһ㡣
ն϶ԷĽû˵ɫַֺҶӴܣʹýɫֽŭйϹһϣ
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¾ɽʣâָհ



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Сģհ΢΢ͷ
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ʮսױԭҪɱ˶ᱦͷ罽һͷˮ
ңâ֯գơ
һжˣӡĿ֮һ˵ˣһɱǶԷطƷӡ³ֻһâ飡
ԣԣ
һµѪͷƤ飬Ҷʱη֮⡣
һҽУͷ­֫飬Ѫ״ֲ֮ң
˶ûϵҶ˸ɴ࣬Ъ˹أĴɵ
հһŭһӪһԱ󽫣Ϊպ֮λĵ֣ϧȴû뵽
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ӡȻתһ⻪ţÿһţһѪ֣ת֮䣬ֵڵϣһĻٴĿ¶η֮⡣
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ǵصĺڰ֮ԽԽͣۿҶҪɿµɴ



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飡飡ͻҶ赲ħ׶Ȼըѣɨ䡣հɫȭ䣬ȭ׹âţݺݵҶϣֻһ죬Ҷǻݡ
Ҷķض룬ѪĽҶı͸˳
飡
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հұɱ㣡ҶĻֹϣ֮вһ
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ǲ֪ϧԼ׳Ŭϴͽ˱Ϊֵ֮𣿡
˶̾Ϣ·𿴵ҶһĻЩҶû˼羫ԪһԴԴ뵣
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հʧɫԪתֿɰʱ򣬰ͻȻһȻ飬һСĹӰ֣
òȫָֿɱ֮ʱԷսȻһأհҲֵס¾ɽɭȻֲ



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ʮս֮£赲ҶĽŲ
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ҪհûסҶ˫ţֲϢɢҶ˫Ĳ䣬꣬꣬µɭȻ죬հС۾Ȼȵ÷飡
ҪǷҵЩԶԶҶһħһߣƽ̨֮ϵհֻ¾ɽâһ
ۣ
ҪҶħհңҪҵţһǻʺѪҺ˳׷һֱۣ
հұϣ߸ߵ׵С
飡
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ʹϮհ۵һѪмżƬ٣Ƿߺ֮⣬ɱˣҶضᱻٴ
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ǣҲ꺢ͯпױȵĺ⣬ҺⲢңңѵǶʲô𣿡հ۾ܶһ۾ܿ͸˵־ãʼɿһЩ֪߾ܿ
Ҷ㲻Ϊת¾ɽصʱļо̫Բڸ˵ԵĻᣬ˻Ȫ·ûˣ
հǿϵĿֲ˿ڣ˸оɭȻսŶϱ֮º͵ֹסѪҺʣʹʧ
˲ȣʹͬҲ˲֫ĻᣬѵҪһˣ

ӣֳҶ㣡֪֣ʱҴӦһ񶦷ƷհҶʵЩֹҪҼǿˮ
ƺ˵˰ɣҺҶҲǻ֮ô֣ܶϹЦƾ˵ʵˮԲҴۻֻƷƷߣǲ֪ߵغνҵһǸԲвɣ
հвޣԴĿһϹѾͷɱҶ㣬ʥףʱؼŰ㣡
Ҷ㣬ȷǿҾͲԴԴߣհץϵĵ
٣ԭңǾԸҶȻ
ããҵģҪҲҪҵ汳հЪ˹صĴţâȻ
䣡
հҡƥĽм֮ڻĿʱȻը죬Ҷ۾һȷǺñҲ˿ҵ׹âţʮս֮£Ҳʾ
ƥĽڿлζⷽزһ޴γɣ޾ĺڰ֮ϮҪҶɴ
ҶЩȣհսû½˿̵ȻʮսһܿĹĽ淨
ţǸհҲˣһʵսҵط˾
طžѵĿãȺб˷ܵĿ⣬߾һսİ壬Ϊؽһ̨ס
հ趯ÿһ׺䣬հһʮ彣ʱ򣬹âȻγһֺͣǿ󣬼վڰ֮Ĺս֮Ҳеɱ⣡
ÿֲҶһҪѾܣѾɱ֣ȵɱƺҪ飡
÷ӡֵ£ӡâȻȥƬ̣Ҷ͵һҧԽڿһȣɱôȻ棬Ҿ㣡ħߵɱ¾
ħռ壬ɱ¾
ȻرãѹѹһƬҶգĿ޵޽ʱƺֹˣհĶüΪ
ؼһнΪҵ
ҶкȻը죬˫Ȼſ絶ʽâԲεȻĽ㣡
μ٣ؼһнΪҵҶˣԼ壬ëľˡһеһУԼĵ



ʮ ֤
䣡
һصľ죬ֺ羪κˣ޾ĺз߱УûУͱΪм
޴˷ƽ̨֧飬ڷҶհӰӱĵ֣˭Ҳûп
е֣αͬʱҶʧĵطһ˫ǽź͵ġ
˾þòɢãһǵӰ˳һмļһұϣ۱òȱȫǻ֧飬ֻܹӲд

𾪣ǿһҶ㣡
𣿡ûԸֻǸǿߣ֮ʶʮѵʮû䣿Ȼǣλʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҷ㣡ŵհ
Ҷڹؼʱʩչħĵߵɱ¾ؼһнΪҵľ磡طԺ䵽һ𣬲ƥ
ؼʱ̣ܻȻҶֲܹ磡
հûôˣͱű̬ʩչطűľģѾ޼Ҷ㣬ҶԲġ
ڿ񱩵ѰҶټѰɲǣҲ벻Ҷ㾹ȻȻƺǿ֮ʱըλҵһˣ
հˣȭ׵ĳǿһγˣȻڹܱµҶɫ΢΢һӰֻħйâһӿɣ
ӷ籩˳հг˾ɥ˿̵ʧȥ˫ۣǻ֧飬ʱбΣա
˵ɣطİ˵Ȼҽǣܣհһɪȷףòֲġ
̫ˣ϶Ȼв֮𣬲ңضģô죿һҪŵ̫ϳհһƬ˫ɭȻӡ
ȴһ׹ڣհ֪顣
ҶֻһˣκҵֿңҲġ
ۣ¾ɽâһհҽűն
հʹ鴤Ȼ鵽һ̶ȣʹδʮԣ¾ɽڲҽŵɲǣһʹϮҽŵľױ飬ϣ
̫ˡԶĹѪȵһĻս
ħһǶħ

˵Ҹʹ죡¾ɽâհţ
һ룬롭˶סǿҵѹȸпشһţϵʹ
ֻ¾ɽâһհƤһæе˵Ҫ
Ҷ㣬ҾҲŹģհһԪȻתǣȻҪԼ̶ȺҶͬھ
ߣʸûУҶЦһܹâһȻѹ£հйƤ򣬾Ԫ飬ϼˣ
ҪǣľԪţҲ޷أ
Ҿͽǣ֮࣡Ҷй⻪һɣȻ䣡
ס֣ƿ֮дһȣֺȻҪҶƷɳȥհ˫ĿȻһ˿ϣڣҵ̫ϳϣ
ߣҶ˲ĥհڵ¾ɽâһۣһհͷ­ն䣬һ˿޵ʶҶ飡
հдǿҵĲʣҲû뵽ԼȻ˼ڵǰ
СӣеﱩȣâţһֺֻȻ䣬ҶֻоëȻдʧɫһ˿ûУ
飡Ҷ屻ɣѪͷ飡ܳ˴Ȼһ˿Ѻۣ
µǣҶڷţѾԼ̫ЩɢҶҲڼ˥ϣ
հ̫үүΪ㱨𣡡
һͺƿնʵʣŭ˸ĵһž֣֮ŭХ죡
ȻҶûбЩȣٴſһֻ֣ռŤֻ䣬Ҷضȫʬ
ѵҪ˵أҶӿֳһ˿ʮǿһħǿߣûУ
лһ˿ϣҲһ˿ϣ
㣡˶ΪҶ㽫Ҫɱʱһͳֲֿͺ߲һ㶣оѹ޴ֻҲѹȥ
Ҷһɣ֪Լӳˣ
磬ôˣӼҶ㲻ͣĿѪ־ŭæܹס塣Ҷϵӵʱɫ䡣
磬ôˣ磬㲻Ҫ뿪ҰѾ̲ס
ҶЦõסӵֱۣû£ֻ͸֧أҾͻָˣ
ģȻֹĸоӻסϻҶ㡣
ǺˣΪҪ쵰ͺ߱˽ˬʵ
һ죬ԭ֮ͺ߱һķɣԭŵþ壬Ѫ˳˳ѾҲûѪζˡ
㣬㵽˭
ûҪ֪ҵ֣ӳ磬ǿӲ֮η쾳ǿߣ
ͺ¶ɫ쾳ǿڴˣȷڽӣֻвʣﾹȻνܲʵ
ħǰɱմΪؽԼնɱҶ𣬲ǿǱħ
ͺһϲͬʱħ
ħĹâһͷ͵һ䣬һâϮͺֻоһʹŭա
ʱĴϣģľûаָ꣬ħܵͺȴң֪Լ쾳ΪϣûˣһжҪҶ㣬쵰Сӣ
ҶСѣϷӦ֤ڿɣ֮һдջȻռһĹľõֵҶ㷽Ų㱻̫ϳϻɱΣһҶ㡣
ȻҶӼΪ𾪣ְҶָҶȴִҪ֤֮˵
лǰֻܷϹӺһ֤ͬҶ֮ǰӦϹվһԵıʩչó֣Ҷһαˡ
ŶֻҪСͬ⣬ҵǿ԰ͷӦ
֮ҶͱӸ𣬲ҶħһϹһ𣬷֮У
Ҷֻоһº͵ϮеԼڻָš
ȿȣ㣬ʲôʱָܻԭӣϹͷһҶ㣬й죬ҲЩȻԴĵʵ
ڲ˧𣿡ҶƤϹεİһۣһѾҩɾˡ
Ҫ֤Ϲھ⣬̸֤֮£Ҫ֪ʱ伫Ϊֻһյʱ䣬پҪԼˡ



ʮ ɰС
еӡų˵Ľ룬ɢº͵ӭҶˣֻպϣƬâͬʱһһܣȻûҶڣ
ô£Ϲɴ۾ֻҶ㴢İͼ֣һĿĹâͼڣƲİͼȻٶڻָţ
һֻҶ㽥ӱׯϣϥڵϣâţ˫գ߶ʲôڶ
Ϲ죬Ҷȫעûкâһ£Ҷնɱ˵أȥ֮ĶԹԥƬ̣޷֣һ̾뷨תƬĶҪʲô
Ҷ۾һУ΢һ죬Ϲû֣аһʱȫͶ뻨֮У޲ͼм
Ȼڶȫע֤ʱһ˫ˮĴ۾գգӿɰ֮¶˼֮⡣
Ҷ˿һʧɫཱུӲףǽɫƬâӳ棬ʣǻ֮ϾȻһͷźСӿɰ֮ȫһֻСɰС
һͷС·СҼпһֻڵ
ҶȻ۾оһ˿Σգ۵ɲǣ˲侪ˣһͷСС򣬳˹ѽѽģһ
Ŷ⣬һֻϹС첻ɵſоǲ֮⣬ȻСѾ˵ҶĻСԴͣĹҶţӼΪǡ
ҶһҲСΪûɵΣգȴû뵽һֻ˿ɰСһôǵ䰡ġ
ιǲϴ˰ҿɲͬడҶĽСƳȥСƳɲǣ۾ﾹȻֳһˮƺҶĻ
СóԵģϹûİҶһۣɵǼɵһ㣬ƣɵ
˿ɰСϹɢĸԵĹԣСŮһͬķ
СཱུҡҡλεϹͣĻͷҶ㣬оǲᣬˮԽԽ
ϹóСʳƷСֻţȤȫޣϹǿɫֵȴСעˮ
ɫСצָǿѽѽıȻ˼Ҫ
ǿɫƴģΪľԼ֤ãȻСϹԥˡ
ţϹһҧɫ͸С漴۹һʵСŽ㣬ԺЩóԵģòã
ҶףλӾȻǿСδҪΪս裬ŸĴ۵ġ
ž֨֨С֨֨ĳţһӣϹĻֱӺˡ
СôŽ㣬춼ԣϹǸδ˷Ĺ
Ժ춼ܳԺóԵģСǰһϣϹϹʱһϲţ
䱻׳죬ö˳СǰСҡҡͷȴ¶ʧ
ϹüתҶ㣬¶ɫ֪Ҷ㻹һ飡
Ҷ㣬ǿɫңһƻϹһҧ
Ŷڵղ˵ûôô˵оƻˣҶ
Ϲɫһ죬Сϣֻ֪һ㣬һסһɹʱջǼΪ޴ģ
Ҷȴ¶һ˿ζĹâǿɫƻ֣ʱûЩ˷ܣƻĸ׾ɷ˱Ϊˣ
֨֨С۾ȫǸˣǵϹĴȣʴţСǸ֮⡣
֪Сû꣬ҡཱུҶ˹ۺɫͷһ£ӱ׾ɰһ극ؼҵı
Ϲȴû÷໻һ㣬֮һʾûУܵǸɶļһﻳ
ιһϵûаԸģҶСԴһȴ޹ʹ֮ɫ
ССţҶĻʹĲ˲䣬Ϲһ˿ԸΪʥصʥŮϷŪ֨֨ҧӿҪˣ֪ԼϷŪˡ
㻹ŮζҶ仰˵ãһڣϹѺȫйҶϣ
飡
Ҷ㣬ȥңһҶӰ׷ɳȥĻﻹֻɰµССգգۣһһղЦ⣡
ԸģҪҪ
ϹҪˣҶ㲻ǸħǸֻɰСҲǸ
Ҷ㱻Ϲ׷Ŵ򣬶ҶȴСָ£׷ɱĻᣬµӡǣӰھƬܵĴ
ͣϹӣôҶվĵһϣֹסϹĹơ
Ϲɱһֹסʵʲô˵
ͣͣԸСģ޹أҲҪҶϵ
ѾսˣҪ˭ҪϹЩ˵
Уʲô߼ҵս裬ɫҲԸģûǿ˵ˣСҲҵս谡֮ǰҸʶҺһСģҸûǩԼ
ϹЩ죬һصԼʱΪʲôңŵһĻƺΪԼԣΪʲôԼǰСŮ̬أɵ񱮵һĻɲǼ飬֪λش
ϹСŮӣҶЩ룬ϹǾŮһǶׯʥӣСŮ̬¶
ȿȣϹӣҴ˴֮ǰͲ׷ˣʧҿһֲ֤ʧˣ
а취ϹӻָʥׯӣҲģȴݺݵĵһССԵú޹Ҳ޼£Ů˿ǳġ
ҶҲЦӣ֣صĵͷ
ӳһ£ޱ˵һ֤֮ͬǰĶԹһʹţǣһյ飬㸶۵ģ˵Ϲɫ죬ÿһ뵽񱮵һĻҪΨգȴûС
ҶҪ󣬶˷ֱһ֮ϣһĿĹâ֣Ƭһɹ͵Ĺâͬ硣
ɵǳǳһ쳹˫Ҷһһ˿ѪȻСǳɵĺ塣
һǿߵĹҪϬÿһֶǾףݺݵĺߵһµƺҪ߶



ʮ ˫󣬾Ϸ
ôϹɫߺ죬ûоҶǿƹǾϵĥһĻĻзУλʥӣȻҶ㽻ӻĴ滶ϲ⹴ɡ
̫˼ˣ˿һΪΣ
ħѵҵħֻ콵ʱŻħþ⡭ѵ콵󣿡Ϲһ˷ܵĹâ콵ζҪʮ֮
Ҷβͣܣͬʱλʲô˼ǿߵĹݹ࣬ǵأǹػҶͱΪ⽴ˡ
ɱ˼µ˿ڣȻָˣǾʹ̡
ڹܵʲô챦ʲôʣ˼⣬뵽ĹһĻҶ²ܼпܾĹ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ͻȻһȣһ̨Ҷȥ·һֻϹ۽Ǻŭһеĳ֣
ˡ
ҿϹˣҶŭһ屻֮⣬Ѫ磬ҺйܷҪһˡ
ҶǰһѪ䲻ֲͣ˿ԵɭȻֲҶٶȿ죬ඨȻһ
Ҫɱ㣡ҶɢʵĹâסϹһӣ֮ϣֳһɽ򿳣Ҷ㽥·
ҶüͷоϹĲĿԵôͣ£ɽķ϶˳ʵСôˣ
ֻС¶˼֮⣬漴ָָöϹӣָָ죬ɫСצӽȻҶ㽥ס
콵ϹҪʮ֮֮ǰҪնȥħɱҶ㣡
ûˣҲ죬ҪؾҶҪˣԼǿڶƺҪ֣Ŷ仨ſҶϹ徹Ȼͳȥ
콵ҶؾҪӭ콵
˵콵ֻʮ֮ʱ֣֮ÿһҪ߱ʵʵ죬пٴ콵
˭콵ѵҪʮ֮𣿡
ǿʮеѵҪ֮
쿴ǲҶϹӣ
ҿһ콵ɣ̫˰ɣѵ֪һͬ콵󣬻ʹ֮ӣᷭ屶𣿱콵ҪҸû˵ĵطȣµľҲ콵󣬵ʱ޶Ҳŵˣ
У㶮ƨ˼Сأ᲻÷ֿءһλӣţðײ˶ˣ
ȥɣҶòҲֲ㰡

ҶҲʮƣӣϹѣ룬ȴƵҶˣȻһɲȻˡɵǳǳĺ壡ľڶƺ
һ˲ˣ
˫󣬾ླǿҲҪ˱ܣҶӡг־ɳȻһſڣһ˸ĹӿȻ
ͣ䣡䣡
죬ܵĹâҶɫһ䣬ŵɫ䣬ҶҪͼǰͼɫץһѣ鲻˵޸Ծûж
СƤ㲻Ҫɱһֿɣ
Ҷһҧμ˳ȥϹ˹ȥϹڸܵҶϮɲǣɽȻһ
һҪǱ˹һ㡣
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Ϲ޾׵¶һ˿ſ־壬һɣɽɳȥžŵӴ磬Ⱥ֮У
ǱմȾ˻ᱻ飡
ϹҲûѵ޴䣬飬ϹȻѣҶȻסף
Ϲӵǻħ쾵̫ˣ
ħ쾵󣿣ǲǞ񾳵ôǰʮϣ˾ħ쾵ǿ񹥻ܽһ쾳ǿߴݲ
ӵʲôʣĪǱʥ̥Ҫǿ󣿡
пʥ̥еٮٮߣÿʥ̥бȻλٮٮߣǵҲһߵ
Ҷ㣬ȻոȥȻǾϷ󣡡
Ϸ飿˵˵е󣡴ܳɾʹ֮λʥ̥ؾһ٣֮λѾû֤λˣ˵һ֮λʵֲ̫ˣ
ʥ̥ǵǧ֮ǰǬɵһʺڱΪǬɴǧʥ̥Ҳ˾Ϸ󣬵ȴڵڶ꣬жҪɾʹ֮λһŴ֮ģɾӭĲǸǴ
ǧ֮ǰ̩޵һǿ˾Ϸһλ֤˴֮ģȴڶȹɲǣͻȻ
ִ˲Ƿܳܵ˵ģǷŵ磬ͬûܰȻȹ֤ô֮λΨд˵еʣпܣ
Ҷ죬֮һʥ̥ʵ̫ˣֻŽҪˣҡͷ̾ϢƺϾҪҶһĻ

ͺͷ㲻Ҫҵ𣿡ҶһȣγǸǰ˵ͺͷ˹ȥ
СӸҹͺͷŵһ飬Ϸɲ˵ģǿʶ֮λǿǿ
Ȼħ쾳Ĺһ;غϵһغϣּ̬˽ʮ
ڣСɽһͷͣɫ׵磬µĵɽʯ˲䣬Ȼ飬޿ɵǿ߱׵У޶գ
䣡
һ죬ͺ߱ڵأ̫ϳϹ˲࣬Ȼ֣飬˵ŵź˼һ˿Ѫ
ħǿߵϺʹҶϽȻͬҶһ񾳵ǿ߹̫ϳϣ൱ĳǿ׷ɱˣ
쵰СӣһҪǣͺŭһһαҲҶʮʧϰû
Ҫ᲻ˣҶ˫趯ԼԺ䣡
еʽâںϣһµľԪγһԲεͼҶһȭһСͰԲͣתͰһ𣬳Űеľŵâͺȥ
飡
Ҷ廯һֱߣ׷ɳȥ
ͺͷ¶Ŀ⣬λ̫ϳϴһɫΪڻͺͷкȻγһ⽣ɣҶ
磬СģһҪɱͺͷߣħϷɲģһؽᱻϣ
ͺͷߺݹһϷ鱬ײͣɣ⽣ǵԽԽ֣һȣȻ䣡
Ϲ¶ĵɫħ쾵ȥѻָʶۼҶ㽫Ҫ䣬ﲻ˽



ڰʮ ػħ
䣡
һ˱͸Ҷж̣Ȼϵǣ׷ɵӰȻͺߣ
ô£ҶѵҸȼˣ
쿴ǣһ˾ĿҶڵĵطʱ¶Ϊȵɫ
ҶͷϣһֻཱུСɫСצӰҶͷϣʥĹâţҶָ
죡Ҷ㾹ȻվˣֻСƿʲô¶ɫ׻Уˣû뵽ɲǵĹ򣬾Ȼ
ǿʴţСΪս裬ôǰ;֮ϣһƬ
ͺưҪһˣҶĿɱͷһϷηû˸ԼЦ
̫ϳɫһ䣬ҶҪҲҪ汳ˣ
ҶСѣ֪ΪҪңһλ̫ϳϣΪƽӹĿ˸˵
ԣ٣ҵǻߵڰףհڿҪɱңĪǶӣѡʧϣ˭˭ӦҶЦ
һСӣ̳ջͲа̳̫ϳȻǸƢâţҪҶƴһ
ҶĿ˸̫ϳѾɱĺ֮ǰɱհѾվڶϣûлͷ·ߡ
꣡
˴ʧɫֻ񷱬ɫ磡µĶŭţħ쾵ɢǵҶгѾõŭ
ÿһ֧ŹԲô֣գŤ£ǾŵɫѪ⣬˲ûҶ㣬һɽϢ˳
ãϷʼˣ˾˷ִ˵еʵ̫ˣ
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ŵϵ罻֯һһ㣬ֲ֮Ҷȫ֣
ˢˢ
ͷӡˢâҶһ繬ڰ׵֮бڣ׺еҶƺ⣬׵ıϣҫ۵Ĺâ
ȻҪ׽ٴ壡һǿ߾˽⴫˵ˣ֪ϷĿ£ȴû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼַʽֿ
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Ϸܹ壬ôͲǴ˵еˣ˵ĺëһĻʵ̫ˣླǿߣҲδ˳ͨ
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رһ׵ѺۣƵζ˳µҶڣǿʼѪݱ
ҶһŭʹоԼ嶼Ҫˣֱۣױ׵ƣǾ޴һ㣬Ŀͣ׵磬׵罻֯һҲ㱩
ҶǰһһĻĻ㣬ĸףԼǰɲǣĿʼÿ񱩣˫۱Ѫ죬ƺǰˣ
һҪɱǣҼˣҶŭţǰĻþᶨ־飬Ϊ֮Ŀ
䣡
һ·ŭĹͣĲâ貣ƺĹ
汻֣ɽ飬޲𶯣˲ȻʧɫϷʵ̫ˣ
ˬˬɣҶЦţܷǰӡĹâӡԼĺģ
γһƬ׵ĺ飬˸Źâıɫ֮ϺɫѪЩҪѪ⣬Ŷ
˿̵ȴѾ֪ʹ۵ýľ
䣡
һ׵罻֯һף·ҪأһУҶϣ׹أȻӳҶ
ñĸЩɣ׵ŰըϣڳܲסѹˣȻըѣĿѪ罦
һɲǣҶͻȻˣһӣǿ֮Ȼֱϲŵ׵Ϳе׵Ȼײ
飡
ƺȻ飬׵ըѣҶػɣӡգܷҶһŭ𣬺ͻϮ׽ײ
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׽ɲǣе׵类˳ȥ
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أڰء
Ҷ屻ƷȥĿѪȾ壬ѪԶˣҵ̫ϳжȻ֣
磬Ҫס㡭飬ʹСȭͷи̣һгȥ㣡ĹΪһ˵ķĹ
䡭
ҲڵģӲ㣡ΪĸףΪ˽㣬һʲôҶȻվӡһȱڣȻ;ػħٶԿ
ھŵµ׽ٽ٣һ񷶼Ⱦɫڿ˺þãھŵ׵磬Ŀɫ׵񷣡
һ͹ڣɫ׵˸ͣҶ㣬޾׵磬ȵâһνҶУһ̣ȻûɾžŰʮһףһ޾׵纣
ĿһƵİͼ˳â׵Եͣʮһ׵ɲǣͼȻſ
̣ɢҫ۵ĹâĿɿڴĿУײˣҶеİͼȻ˸ɫĹâɢһɿµ׵֮
ˢ
Ҷı徹ȻۿɼٶȻָţ徹Ȼɢһɿµ׵ϢһɫĹâʱʱ֡
һҶЩɣջľϲ࣬мΪ˷ܡ
˵һ׵磡
̫ǿˣ֮ѵѾΪһؾǿˣ
أ治֪ؾսǶô£
Ҷ㣬ɱʿȹϷ󣡡˿̣ϹʣϹҪɱʿ֮£Ҷ֪ϵ֮ìܣϹٴνҶ֮ɱʿصʥأȻϻ𱸣ϹʥŮıһΪʥĵһ˳λ̳ˣ
аհҶȹҶҲһڵһֲľػħᣬԽԽǿȷûаհȻȹ
ţϹûж˵˶κҶ㻹ЩΣ˵ѾͷЩףڴ϶ĳŵ
ãծ಻ѹѾħǿߣټһҲνˣ罫еף
Ҷ㶯ˣͻȻ޽䱸Ľʿ֣
һһĿֲףȻ£ʿɫһӲӣݼķ˹ȥ
޳ܣݼһϹһӪʿǳйϵȻɫμƶܽʿĿ
ʿӽӵģԵħƾˣǸɶֻܶݼ
Ǵ˵еħǿߣȻ㵽С󣬻ǲ֪ܣҶЦţܱ˳ȥĿһӱ飡



ڰʮһ ᣨϣ
罦޴һҶαһֲ׵
ʿһʹݼҶָ£һܣҶͽʿһͬʱһӴ䣡
ҶСҪɱ㣡ʿңϷ飬д˵ˣ˱߳ȥ߳ȥˣҲûеõյģ
ҶЦһ˿̲Ŀ룬ᣬΪħ쾵ɵģ˵־ִţ飡
ھҪʼᣡ¾ɽâһһĿ׵統䣬ֱʿ
䣡
֮ɣҶĽ쵽۷ֱ治壬գ۵Ĺ򣬾Ȼǧڰγһµʿ֣
ҶСʿɫ䣬ƵǺ⣬йһᣬ׵˲ƣμ٣ɳ
ңָһâţҶ徹ȻƷɳȥ
Ϲӣ֣Ҷ㴫ڽʿҶɲǣһĿĹâ𣬱׽ٹϹȻڷɶ
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һ죬Ӧϣ񻪻𣬽ʿɫ䣬ŭһâǣְֳѱȻһָһ⽫âնһµĹâţȻϹǰ
飡
Ϲâ𣬽ʿгһƣһѪŽƹâţһɿµĻ
СˣȻʦ棡ڱŻʿЦݣƹâŽʿļ٣Ϲ̨ײ
Ǳᣡҵ䣬ʿ㻹ӳ𣡡ҶЦһشԪȻпݽߵļơ
ʿɫһ䣬ȻΪǿ󣬵Ǹɲ˵ģϷǿǿȻȻȫԼرڶϷϮʱҶƴҪͬھЩη塣
ȥɣգ׽ٸûâ
Ҷһħԡ׽ٵ¾ɽն䣬ӿȵ׵񱩶ֱֲֿҪ֣
㣡
ƺȻը飬ʿЪ˹أâţΪͣȻһֱΪ̵رչлɱҶ㣡
ǿ֮һһɴĿĹâ貵еоһ˻֮УʱзĿܣ
ʿһĺֻҶγӰħ־Ȼ飬ǹҶƳԶԶǿµġ
ʿȴɾûµ˽ڵأرһӰľ͹֣
âþòɢµôزͣսҶѪӿǱһѪѪ֣Ȼˡ
ǣ󣿡˾ͬʱҲ̾Ҷʵֻ̫Ҫ΢ע⣬пɥУ
֮޳αΪǸѾͷɱңʿѪ磬ǾͿ־壬ʮ·ϾҪһ㣡
˵ħǿּ̧ҶϹˣԵĻҪϷͻħ쾵˫󣬾һµĴڣҲδη֮ģڣǱɾû֮ˣǳ£
ܻȫһرãڿµر飬һΣев
ɱȻҪɣϹĮ䣬˴ĵðʿȻȥ
ԲǸͷ߱һӦȻѽ٣
ɱҶһȣϹһ֣ͬ׽ٹ죬貵Ĺâ˲ϯ˴أƺҪĥʿ˲ս
ããʿйâţ֪ҶҲŹкȻĸ˴죬趯
ȣҶ㣬Ϲ˵أҲؽʬΣɱ󣬸ɱʿŭһ˫ȷûʲôʤ㣡
ֻħǿ߿ɲ䣬ǰҲҪţ˭ּ֪ϹŶжٱķ
ģձϹûж˵Ҷ֪УΪԼʲô¶ó
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ʱ񷷭ڣɫ񷣬շֻͬʱ³һͷ­һӣâ˸
飡飡
ҶȻͷǾͿϹ貵ӣſӾȻлϵһļƣͻȻһѪâ𣬾ſâţϾΨһһصľ֮УȻ䣡
ڶ죡
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붯գС紫Ƶζ糱ڰлһأӿȵƺܹħҲʵ̫ˣֱǵһʮ
Ҷɫ䣬ӲڶףμŽʿľɱɱȥ

Ӯ𣿡վڼԶЩģҶУҲζʧȥİ취ҲԶӡ
ᡣħܼᶨǳġɵ񣬱˪ħȻ¶һ˿º֮⣬Ǹܴ漣ˡ

ϹҲƻ費ͣһµɱչ֣Ҷһ𣬳Žʿɱ˹ȥһҪնɱʿλһϵǿߡ
ˣ
ƺҪ׹һ㣬µëȻп־壬ʿҶУоͱôˡ
еĿ龹Ȼûֱֱ䣬Ǹһһµγһͼѹ
аնȹȥ𣿡ҶЩģ֮ǰϹӦаա
ǣϹȴҡҡͷȴָŽʿλ̫ϳϣмϷĿͷ
ҶйâһЩףϹ˼ǰЩΪǿϹŶˮƾǿµʵȻֿܵһ
ǣּĿ´ڣһǼĻպͱùˣǹ¼ҹ˻УмҪòࡣ
û£λ̫ϳϿˣˣɱʿϹĿһ۽ʿǸһ˿Цݡ
꣡
ղͣĶĹƺҲҪܲסɿµ߶ϢĸоԿ־񷣬ͷսƺĽ٣
Ƿͼı棬Ȼ䣬Ȼ£ҶϹɫͬʱһ䣬ͣȫ֣
쵰ˣһ᲻úʿŭһ貵Ĺâ趯ʶĿƺֿܹ죡
䣡䣡䣡
׹⾹ȻһѪȻһƬ񷾹ȻĿѪ֣Ѫζɢɫһ䣬龹Ȼûһֻµޣ
ɱҶͬʱһһǰһ󣬽ʿȥ·ϣɱȻ飬ʿһѪɿµȻҪء



ڰʮ ᣨ£
ͣͣ͡
һ׵綴˽ʿ壬
ѪʿǧٿףĿзʹ
ҶϹҲܣ󱬷ĹͼӳһµƺҪ⽴
ֻ鱬ɲǣҶϹͬʱ׽ٵʿϣǴ˿ҶıҲ׽ٶѪҺһſѪ飬֮У
꣬ꡭ
µĺ֮һ׽ٽ٣Ųٵǰ࣡ٻʮ׽٣ʱȻɽҡض൱ǿߵľһ
䣡䣡䣡
ͨ죬µĹâյɫףµϢм¶ѹֵϢǴǿѹ
Ҷ㣬֣ѩ׵˿ѾѪ߰ߣϹɫҰףٴγֻ롣
ҶɫףϱâʴϹ˸ͣѪŽӰ־ͱ׵飬ӡȱڣâޱȣܲסĿֲ
Ψܣûйâ˸ȴҶౣʵʵ׵룡
¾ɽâ˸һգʿп־壬رûκԱҲ˵˽ֹ
ôѵҶӵд˵𣿡ʿâˣһµ˿ڳϣƶǣ
ͬʱ׽ټµ׵籩ѽȫչҶ㣬ϹнʿڣĿĹâҫۣµ羪κˣ
ҲдΣҪɱ㣬ҪˣʿŭһһʻĶʻȻϵͼһ
ҿĴʱ㲻ҪɱƫƫԸһ㵽˾ˣǸСһʿЪ˹أѾʼ飬µѪ⻯һӣ֮С
ҲӣˣҲҪᣡ˵һ仰ʱ򣬽ʿȻ飬ʣͷ­ھ֮УȻըѣ
Ҷɫһ䣬һɰľ˳ʿĽϣһǵȻ˳
ʿҪ飡ҿҶ㱩ȵǿ쳣ûнʿмֵǶ˼пܱ
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ϵͼʼתԭӳ׵ɲǼ侹Ȼǿ屶ֺǿƺҪĹ飡
ڶ׽ٽ٣׽ٱȾػħٵĵھػҪֲ
еʼ𶯣һһµ׵䣬֯һµҶ֣
һ˿ӿҶеʿѾ˿Ȼͽʿһŭ𱬷ļΪƣ
ϼһǷˣ治֪Ҷж¾ͰԼȥˣҡͷ̾ϢʿԼΪľҶĴˣ˵أ
꣡
ˣɱϹ׵УһѪݼΪʹ࣬ĿȴԵüᶨ쳣ͬʱɽָ򼸸ΪǿߣЩϹŶ
Ѿ˲ˣڶ׽£ҶϹȻ˵أûκη̵Ļᣡ
ʿҵĺûᣡñеװɣ
Ҷͬһλ̫ϳ˹ȥ
˿̫ϳϱСתǱѾҪץסֻɶСһ̣ͻȻһµľػħٵĵ׽ٳ˹
ԶСз۾һ˵Ц⣬ǱΪС군ˣ׵֮С˸˷ܵЦ⣬ȻȻ
Сƺҵµ淨ɫСצһָҵһλ̫ϳϱס֮׽ٽɲǣλ׽ٵĿ
䣡
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ʱǲŷ֣СǸô޴ľ
̳ϴһɽζһʧȥԵ˳
۷ʣı֮һ֮£˵һɾڸղţǵһ䣬Ȼɷ
СӰʧҶϮλ̫ϳըëļƴӴܣϷڶ˭Ӳ
٣ôܣҶЦһͼ֣籬ɫĹâҶӰʧˣٴγֵɲǣͺһ
̫ϳӳȥֻҪɱһλһ٣Ҳ㹻ˣ
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׾Ȼһľǿߣ΢һ˼¶ϢϮƺܵĩյĵ
ǱŸǺͺϵļëվҶ֮ĶԹѾҶˡͻȻһ˿š
ɱҶ㣬һҪɱ㣬ӱ𣡡һʢȻȥҶһȻ䣬ҶУ
ɱս죬ѪӿȻĿĹâ׵֮ĨȥһµĽ˵Ĺ׹Ԩ
Ŀ¶м͵غһ˫ȭͽһ
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һǹ׽ٽ죬ȭͬʱˣһµУĿĹâ貶ĿȻǹ
ƾУؾҶ㾹ȻħľǿƾУҪǴȥû˻ţʵǰ
ֻҶ˫رµ׵壡
ۣҶһѪһ亹忪ʼѣɿµòԴâһɢ͵ԴضϾ
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һμҵײռݣһΣҶðűΣڽλµǿ֮У
Ҳ裬쵰Сӣãð۹żڿ֧ŵҶ㣬¶һĨֻЦ⣡
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׽ٽ䣡µֺǿ󣬴ݹ࣬͵תһĿĹâµء
ǵĵ׽һͬ£
һε׽ٲҶһһµħľǿߣ
ۣһ繬ڴ׽ٽ䣬סǿµһڴ׵綴Ҷ壬ܱɣʼţ
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һ̣һµ׽ٽ䣬ɶɵԴϣ
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Ҳ⣬ϣΨлµ׽ٴǷͼİٱ
ɱڵϵҶ㱩һ͵صգȻӳǿһͬʱܺͰͼݹµ׽٣
ۣ壬ű¾ɽҶɫȻʹʹϮʹͬʱһξ壬¶һĨʹ



ڰʮ ͼ
꣡
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硭ţϣըеһĻ챻Ҷ㶴ڽϽͬʱȭ飬׽ըΪܣܹǿ׽٣
һҲҶըѪģϳױ飬ûһõĵطܺͰͼƬ
ɱħǿߣ˵һɢȥ֮󣬿ҶڵϴϢţϻһص⡣
ܣּǿնɱǽʿҲδ
ҶСӣԣձؽǣһͺͷνգ

Ȼ˷֮
Ȼţħǿ߾ǿߣܱնɱ
ǰҶҪ군ˣɲĹˣЩǿ߿ɲţôһֲļһﶢϣ˭ܵˣ£ļأ

ڵϲͣѪҶҲһ̧ͷһۣ鼸£ȴû˿̣ҶѾû˵ˣѪͣƣܷȥ˵׼
Щмңضȫ壡
λ̫ϳȫ˲СĴۣŰѾϷĴݲУɫҰף˫ȷǴﺦ
ǿһħĴڣҶ޺޵ĿһҶ㣬νʧգҶ㣬ձؽǣó
ǲʹ˰ݵģſ־ɣ°ڿ־֮У
ߣħһӰâһ٣¶һͷ֮޺޵ĿһҶ㣬ȥ
꣬꣡
â죬׽Ҫ٣Ҷ¶ʣ˭ܰȻȹ
䣡䣡䣡䡭
ʱһɫӰ֣СצӵһУֻоǰһǹӴÿصȻɢһգɲǼâһҲһ
µȻɢϹͼģ
ǣСʲô壿ô˿µսâȥ¶ཱུСӰ˴ʧɫ
ͫһʴţƺ쳣˷֮£૵ʥСʡ
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ħ֣Ǹóˣ¶ʣħСҲֶصиУҺҶϵȻȻ
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˵ħС֣ȵʮ׽Ϯʱ֣ǵǻֻԼȹпܻȥ򣬼ǶȹˣҲһ
Ҷûк⣬ǹƽģȻĻᣬȻвµ谭Ϊ˼ˣΪԼҪ죡ҪȥҪڴ½۷壡
âսⷭӿħ¶һĨܸӦõҶʶ
жж
оȻֳһһĻĻȻУҶȴ֪ϵĳʹء
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ھ׽٣ƺ˸黯ɫʣȻǷŭˣһ˿֣ǷµͼȻһµͷͼ
ͼţôܣѵҶ㣡
ħҲ¶Ȳŵɫ̫ˣͼҪҶ㣬˭Ҳ赲ˣ
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һƺһЩȻʿʧĵطüͷʿǰŭڶ
Ҷɫұ䣬ͼҲţˣˣ
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ܣ죡˿ͼɲǣ֮û˸ۿҶḶֿ́µͼչ֣˰ͲԽԶԽã
硭ӲһеĳϵһۣҶ㣬ЩӣҶ΢Ĺػһһ۰Ҷ㼫пɥʱܡ
Ҷ㿴ӻæܹһñӲ͵УȻһǳˣһãܵһ˿˺
λǰҪ
㡭ֹҡͷε̾Ϣһ֣һȦסӵ壬վڰȫش
磬Ҫñ㣡磬ҳȥҪŸ硭ѾļӹƳͼ֮٣ûУ
ҶչһЦοúûȥҪΪҵģһȥ㣡
ǰһѪл㼸γֻΪСӵ£ˡҶϵĸлԽͼûаգǰλߣм
ε̾ϢһӹѪȻǿ󣬵ҵģҲκβңҶ㣬ܻ߳ȥ
һۣͬʱ֣һº͵ҶڣľԪӯ˵Ǳ˾˿̵Ҷ㣬ֻоԼ޾
ҪǣľؾȻһ۷֮ҶʮϲмĿ˶һۣ޶ԣָ
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СҡͷͣıȻţ﷢صˮĴ۾ʹɫ
ҶԴչǸŮ
СΪϻۣóҶļйâ˸ͣҶҡҡɫצӣһ̯֣ӡǵ͸Ҷ㣡
֮μѱû裬Զݣ
ѹԽԽͣĹ񷶼ǺѹѹһƬµͨ쳹أս
ϴһҪսʤͼȥӲȻһʼΪߵһ𣬵ʱദλϴķڷ
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أҰ࣬ȴ˹ġ
Ѽ飬Щʱ¶ļҶĳ鷳ѡ
Ҷ㿴һϹͬʱ䣬ȻУͼȴǽʿ˽ͼҲûĳˣ
лŲ£ûҵ㣬ûԼĳŵм˵չˣģͬҲ
أҵģ˲ȡն飬Ѿһµľ磬һҪлʮħľǿ߰æȻԸġ
һ̣ϷȻᵽǵһˣڽͼǰ˭Ҳ棬Ͼ˲Ϊܴͷ
꣡ꡭ



ڰʮ ۵ӡ
վǱһֻڵסһ۾âԲǧ֮ڣûһڣΪ˰ľϧԼʵرøֶ
ͼҶ¾սץͭڵϣ۾һ޹һ㡣
ųĻ꣬ͷΪڷ絲ꡣ
Ҷ㳢źڵԴ鹵֪ͨԴķǱѰΣ֮ʱξȹ׵˿Դȴһһ㡣
䣡
գͷųӴһ߲ʵĹâˢͽͼ׵缤ײͬʱһ絶Ѫâ֣Ȼƹ谭ȻնҶϣ
ͼҶɫұ䣬ѪâǽͼǿͷĳȻͼɱ˳ͭգֵסµĹ
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ײҺҶж׼ͭһͨʯͷûκιâȴӲޱȣѪâûҶһµƺҪر顣
飡飡飡
Ѫâ飬ǿײÿײһΣѪâһ֣ҲһѺۣҶıǱȥһͷѣѪ顣
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˺Ҫ޴ʶ٣ǶȹϷҲΪ׳գ
֪˱ضϵζˣһԴʧȥȡ֮͸ùˣ
꣡䡭
Ѿõĵʮ׽ٽ䣬Ĺʼ𶯣˷׷׿ⷽأ龡ս
һѪҶɫʮѿѪâ޷ѣӦʮ׽̺żΪֲľ񹥻ľսڶĵʮ׽ͬʱ£㲻Ҳ֧ŵʮһ׽ٵĽˡ
ͻȻ䣬һһҶ󵨵ĳȥͭȻѪâţҶɱ
飡
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Դ飡
Ҷһϲ֪ԼĶˣһԼΣգԴͻ֣
âµѪâ룬ûظɲǣһȻ֮䣬貵ĹâһƬأʮ׽پȻ֣
ѪҶظ֮ϳһ֮˿ڣԴʥ˸Ҷ˿̶ȻѾɥȪ
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СſҶͱУһµĹâǵγһ룬ɲʮһ׽ٽ䣡
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װļ̳ߣӭɭ³˵ӡǴУһº͵𣬰гһӰ룬ϴº͵Цݣ֣ڼүүһĿ⼫Ϊ
Ҷеһ˿Ȼ·ԼѹվڶԷǰһûκܿԡ
̳ҵȻΪ˵㣬սף˱˽ضˣһСһѣѵΪ׽ضϣͼ˼ˣֻսһ覴ãƾΪɵսףҲ㲻ˡıţҲǴ֮ˣףôܣ⡭ˣȻĹ׻˭أ
ߵĻᣬƲסԼĸ飬ҶҲ𾪣Լ˱ĹѵΪ
ǺǣСһɭһƷ˵أҲ֤ҵʱ޶࣬ʱ䣬ҪˣջؾĿ⣬򵥵ĽԼ̧֮䣬ճһɫУ
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Ҷˣɫĳӣ˸âһɫϸϸ



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Ҷһ㶣ʿ˼ûгɹٵҪԭȻСϣ
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Ҷһ漴ͷЦӰΣٺ١
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ӴÿɰСһﰡý㱧һϲ˹ȥɫСƺСһνܲ⣬ʹҡҡβͣСһӿӵĻ
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Сɫĳӣӵֱת
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ӼȰ裬ֲҶ㣬ֻκҶ
߰ɣҰѽͼȥǣҶ㿴ԶȥıӰ¶һ˿ᣬȥתͣڰеͼüͷ

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пܣСϵıĲ٣ҿۼ񽣣һͼţʵ죬ҪܵõͲˣ
УЩʲô˵񷨣ܱʮս죬ɱʮǿߣ˵ֹǿǿ󣡡
ոȥôǿҪܵչٰʮģҿһߣ

Ҷ˫鶯Щ˵ĻȻ˿ͷϵĽͼͻȻһѽͼİ취
ιСһϰҸСæҰԣһóɫСӵǰ˰ڣյ
СһĿ˿Ҷ㣬СĲССӳ鶯£۾ʱ
ಣһҶ˹ȴһ˸գٿҶЦݣʱֱϷŪĸо¶߷֮⡣
Ҫ³֮󣬲ŸģҪҪ꣬ŶûУҶЦ˵ֻҪǼӾ͹㣡ţô򵥣СһЩţ֣صĵͷͬʱӰһƤСһ
ɫĳһѱסƤ֨֨ĳҶһۣС
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âһǼѰǰһʱ˷ܵĺһâ׷˹
׷ɣǸСһﱧӵƤҿǸӰɣҶ˳ˣҰҶĹ»˭ҵĶ֣˶ʱ˷
죬ϣˣ
ЩɵţԼ޵еӣ˰ӣȻǰһŵĺӰ
ϴǸǸ᲻Ҷ㣡ļһΡΡ˵Ҷսǿ̧֮䣬նɱؾĸ֣
¸ƨСһˣҪȻƾԸߵͱʬˣףѵûˣ
Ǿãʳٰ͵ңؼĴŷȥ

Щ˵ĻҶЦãһۣ߸ˣΪߵ죬Ҷε̾Ϣʮǿ߸öá
ĿŵɫϣǰʱһʱͻȻӶɫӣһ̣ͼƺҵҶλãâһһµͫâ˹ȻҶʧýͼŭ쳣
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߸ֿɶʱ˽ͼĳͲһռ䴫ǵʹ״ֲ֮ңɫСηĿһ۽ͼСֺ޺޵ĿһҶʧķСһתಡһ£ʧⷽռ䡣
Ҷ˼ȥһҧͭóͭıҲԿֻ̻Сˣ˿̱Ҫô֮ͭϿһ
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ҶڷתƣĿ˸ȴûһ˿ƣⷿһͨĺ½ƵĻⷽزûκֻҪȥǷ½Ȼˣ
۾ԼȥӦʱţȴһǸĽƣһ춼һ˿
ɵתһ˿˿âţʱҶĿͻȻһ



ڰʮ ǳ
һ˿쳣΢ĲҶһԪתһɲͼȻ֣һĺâͻȻɱ˹
Ҷɫ˿ǰɣμٿâһɭȻɱʵʣƺҪҶ㶴
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µĺâεĽƶԺһһȻĹâҶξȻʧˣɭȻɱâڿС
ͼâڰһתƺڱŭ״̬ҶӰʧͼ޴
ʱһСԴų˳ϸС۾һ۽ͼɫâһҲʧȻĽ֮У
ԣǳһ˿˿ǳ֮ƺһĨȵϢѵǳҶЩǳΪǳĹ
ǳ棬ΪϬ𣬹޿ƥУ˲ĳʹӵ˲磡
̧ͷȥȻһռ룬ǽͼȻûнŰ
˿̣Ҷǰһɵ磬ʣƺ綼ʧȥɣѹֶƣӿһƬɣԶϢһƬϹżµĲɣƺһʷӣɸĹ¡
Ʊãǰ䣬ͨ춯أµӿȣȴһһţ˵ء
Ծǣƺۣۣ˵ϴܣǶ񶦾۷ߣȻѪˡ
еıְֳԡԡѪɱµ̺һҶ屻ԶѪͣ
ÿ£Ƭص׷ʲô䣬۷ҡͷ̾ϢճϹŵ׷ʲôҶͷʹѣƺ뵽ʮĴ½Ʊãսҡ
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͡
ֲһͽģ˸֣ļϣվŽ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ͽķһܣȻʮϤǸУϤĸо
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ףǿƺЩϤҶй⻪ţŷӳֵľſʱĿ࣬ǣǲػӵʬǿ
Ҷ˫һûڵϣҲ뵽ǸʬȻôͷʮֺڣȿȣǺϴ˶ԷԼΪʲôûѷӵʬһͬûϴٵĸһЩһƬأߣ
ЩϴܵĶֵ˭ֻɱһɵһƬһ̣âȻһҶǰȻðããһƬһǳ֮˳
飡
Ȼ飬пֲ𾪣һ㣬Ҷ屻׷ɳȥһǳ֮͸Ҷǻϣ
ʹҶվʹɫȻһ䣬͵Ϯߣѵﻹˣ
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Сһٶȳ죬ֻһâϮǳĻһͬʱҶ֣ӡˢâʱ



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ͬʱˣҶһѪг𾪣̶̰꣬½ѩΪʩչһŵɱȻƽɫ



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ۣҶһѪ˿޳е·飬Һ׻壬ȻƤ½ѩҲûֵãƿһѪ
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Ҷ˫趯ɫ˫Ƽγһͼ֮ӿҶǰӡâ˸ǰ

һӵ죬½ߴӱɳȥгǹҵĲ⡣
ôܣСӾȻүɣ̫˼ˡ
ǿҶϾȻһսףܿùǹ
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ŶȻϮҶѹڹŶ֮£ڹⱩһµĹâţҶһɿµĻӿƺҪ
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ȣҶһȣâһֿŹŶһֲٿطӡ⻪ͣˢƺҪ½ɱ
Ҷ㣬ͷۣҲˣڵħ𶦣ѵ㻹ԴΪܿù½ţΪѾʮ۷徳磬øǽʮڸضҶ㣬Ȼں

һ죬½ѩޱӡסǹƿħ𶦵ĽҪҶţ½ݣҶðһɺ
һɲӿħӰʵϸΪ
ħƺȻչһεİ׹⾹ȻʵʣҵȻҶһϲţ鷢ˣ
½ȻûдңȻָǹϹâţǵâȻǹˣ
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ǹâ磬ٶȿת۵Ĺ򣬾͵Ҷǰ
ŵţҶ㼱ٺˣŶķȴŲһ֣ǹ⣬һ˿ѪŷҶɫһ䣬ԪȻת
ȥɣ½ıȣԪȻתµǹâ˲䱬һ˿µҶ壡

һӵ죬Ҷ屻ԶԶ׷ɳȥѪӿһ˿µıϢ壬ƻ
ƽ羵ǣ½ɫ䣬Ҷ㵲סǹıȻҶոյǣ
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ΪѰǸ϶ҵٵķҶЩ档
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ɱʽâţ֯ҶעâɣԲ޷Ŵ󣬽ҶУ
һɲҶƺ򣬺೤ŲȽƺΪһ壬һһڶսⰺȻս

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Ŷųһڹ⣬£һȻ׹䣬ƺҪҶ֣
ͣ
ɽӡʱʩչɽգڹѹƣͻȻâһӡˢâ汸ùŶˡ
飡飡
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̶̰ܲʱ䣬ӷΪǿߣսǿ˹ȫֵ԰ˣվ½еĺ˿ĵ㾭˵е󣬻ɹȹǲӦùϲ㣡
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ǳɳǳѲϣҶһϲкַܶʹǳɳΪֲõķ

һ죬ǳɳһ⣬Ҷ֮ϣסΰıŷ½âһ弲۶ϣ
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ȻڼԶһɽϣְֳԣġƺƿս֣

սᱮˣڵǽȥ¶һȼյһ𣬷ᱮâɣ½һᱮ̵ķγУǸұãȴû뵽ᱮȻ䣡
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ͼɣսᱮ½ʶͼĨȥɫĹâҶ֮ڣ˰СʱâŽ
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½֣ҷˣǺ˰̫лˣûսᱮҵİͼ֪Ҫʲô޸ɹأҶЦŽͼ𣬰ͼ´ɹлϲޣ˰ͼͼѾô¡
ȥ½ҲͲסˣȻ֣Ŷ̺һڹţסҶȥ·ͬʱǹգٵʩչ

ͼ֣ڹ⾹ȻûסҶΣӰûޱȣǹ͹Ŷֵͣɲ׽ҶΣ
һɲһâ֣½ɫ䣬æ֮µһǰμٺˣͬʱ󱳾һ亹
½֣ҿרΪͱҶпϲܹǳľںϼ



ھʮһ ̾Ϣ
Ҫɱ㣡½һâţٵȻһ˿֮·صس֮ʱ֮½֣
һ̣ƿռƺعԭʼһ֮֯½
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ٵӳڹŶ֮ϣŶתһ⣬Ҷ㣡
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飡飡飡
ļײͬɱϣ飡ھҵײ֮ѳѺۣɭȻɱţٵĿһչֳ
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ΪССڸĸĹػ³ºаԵܹί俴ص磬һ˿־

ҶĶһ˲޵㴽С౻˱䵽޵գϵˮȥᣬ˫ȴͦѹŪ״
Ҫ㣬Ҷ㣬ңҲˣ㣬ҡ½ѩоԼ·׹ָоܻӭ岻İڶ͵͵
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ߡҶ˫ȣסѩ׵㱳һȵѾᴩ½ѩС壬һ使޵Ļ䣬ʢھ޼֮ϡ
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ҶнĶ½ѩҲʼɬĻӦţ˫첲谭ס·Ҫһ㡣



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̡½ѩһȻתо˺һʹۣҶ㽻ۼһ죬뵽ϣԼҲףˮ̲סʡ
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һص쳹ʣѪâȻըһɲӿһɢǵıٵͽ߱飡
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Ƕߣ䣬˸߰ڸһ㣬µĿһ磬Ҷһ鴤
ߣǵʮ˸ȴ˵ˣȴʮ˸ΪһȰ㻹˽ᣬʡ˷ҵʱ䣡ͳڳ˶һʮ˸ˣвЩ𾪣ָӵĿ⣬оһ̣Ϊˬ
ΪҲʮ죬û֧ţҵ־㣡һŻµĿ棬һʧȥ˻£ƨ㲻ϣҶĿһ˲˲Ķ¶һĨЦ
㣬Ӱ߳ŭ̧һ磬Ҷȥֻͣһϸ죬Ӧ飬һ˿ǵҶš
㲻ʮ֮ڣұȡڵĳ޷ԶվģҶϴŸ߰ЦһмĶӰȷʮǰѾ㲻ʲôǿߣսԴﵽʮ죬ӵзٶ֮ͬ޵У



ھʮ 
ܺãѾɹŭңԴңҵҲԴܲɷֵģǲܰѪɫӰŭգĿڵΪѪʮھϷӰνҪ٣Ϊʮ´˵еӦúңȻӣ
ŻµĿ棬㲻ԼѣֺαأҶ۴Ŀһ˲˲ĶѪʮʱһ˿⣡
ߣѪʮһٽӿڣйâ˸ǵͨѪâȻһѪʮ趯׵罻Խͼ飡
㲻˵ǰʮûаȻȹôǽձپ֤漣һ¾ɽֽ֣ͭľȻûйâȴݶ㿪ͼ׷
ͣͣ
ͼתȻĹâţƬ֣Ѫʮһͼʵ̫£Ժ͵ӰᲢˣй֮
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ಣһһâ˸ǸڴҶɲǣȻըһɻֺ׵֮ҶУ
Ҷɫһ䣬˲ѹ׵磬˲Ȼʵ̫ǿ󣬹ܼ۶ͷͼգҶҪʧڵ档
ͣͣ͡
һϸ΢죬Ҷɫһ䣬α仯ήϣӰΣ
ϸ΢ĹâȻҶ֮䣬֯һž֮䣬Ȼ׹䣡
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ݣݣݡ
һ̣ͼȻĹâţһϸ룬Ůɢһ㣬֮䣬ѾҶȫ֡
Ȼ𾪵һĻˣҶʧˣǴһ˿ЦٴγѪʮߣȻ֣ɱѪʮֲ
ѪʮƿؾϷ׽ٲµֺ̧֮꣬䣬Ҷһ
飡
ٿգҶѪʮ˫˫ˣҶֻоѪڣ¾ɽâһٴγ֣ιȣмЩѪʮˡ
ϸ˸գͼƺ߳ŭµĹâ׽ƬطգһɲؼѹѹһƬָ죬׷գ͵֣ҶУ
ˡҶиʽâģ£һԽŵѪâϮҲһ׷ױã
ǽͼҲŻתٶȣ΢΢âһ·ʮ־һ㣡
ţԷӴ쳹УնɱǿߣҶеľǿµ˾
ĿȣϹųܵĿɱУõ֮˼пܴӡǣӵĴ֮ģ㱦ǰ벻춼ѣ
˵ľҶҲһû뵽մȻ˴ͷ˿룬ûڰͼ֮У֮䣬Ӱ
һ̾ϢѪʮһеԼЩѣ֮һµ׵֮ƺҪѿѪʮ
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ȭ֣һ֮ѪʮϣµѪâţսⱻҶƣµ׵֮ѿѪʮȻըѣ
Ѫʮɫ䣬ʱ¶ʹɫ׵һɲġݣݡ֮һױȵϢѪʮ壡
飡飡飡
Ӷľ죬Ѫʮըѿͼ뾡ӳֵϣһϵжȫҶƵʲ˷ŷһС
˾ǷҶʵֲ̫ˣϷͽͼȫƵˡ
һɲĿ⿴˽ͼųʽâһ飬Ȼģ𣺡ˣأȣ衭
ֻֻģ³ˡֻɤӱ߸֣ǣ˿Ҷ۾ȴ⡣
֣һ˿˿âϼͼϵâƺ룬һչҶǰ
ͣıͼٶȣһ㣬屻룬Ҷ
ѵǽͼİ壿ҶǰһĻĻǿǰǿĹֶΣԶĥ𲻵ļ䣬ӽͼиֳתһСϪҶȡ
ЩӽͼֶξչҶУڲͣļв֮Уһ
֮䣬ҶģµڶڶոҪ׼ʱ򣬾ȻоԪпݽߵļƣҡͷЦ
ûоԪ֧ţڶǲģ³ģģ²ڶܳ׳İ壬˿̣ͼЩȥǿߵľѧȻкܶಢʺЩʽڻͨԼ
Եһ£һ˿Ѫһ̣ѪʮٿѪâٴɱ˹Ҷ㶸ȻѣȻ˴˿̻ڶȹһ
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âţһֻŭʨӣ¾ɽĺâ飬ڼСƺҪĽҶ˵ء
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һ̣һµƺҪʯһ޴ġֵγɣܡdƣһ٣·ӽ
˭Ҳ벻Ҷ㾹ȻðžΣգ׵֮壬ʹǳ鴤亹ˮһ£ǿд߶зת׵֮ĿתɾľԪġڱ˳
еһܶԼ˺ݵˣʲôأ
һɲʱֹͣˣҲֹͣѹͼֹͣתڿͣԽͼ֮С
Ҷ꾹Ȼһǰֳİ壬һ˿ͼڵİ壬



ھʮ ǳ
ͼѵͼǸӢ𣿡ڽͼпܣǵڽͼϣӢ۵ı裬Ӣĩ·
ͣ
һ˿âͼֹͣ˹ڰ΢΢һӿҶһ˿¶˵壡
ˣҶɫвͣķµĹâ˲佫ͼ֣İ屻룬һâ
ǰǿǰһĻͻȻ䣬ɱһԽŽʵʵɱȻҶ֮ϣҶһ˿Ѫǡ
ȣҶȻ¾ɽָ񷣬ֲȻ٣ܵ¾ɽָһӹҶ֮УɲǼ䣬ӿƻҶ
ߣֻһһɲʱվֹˣͼֹͣתѪʮס˽ŲҶ㣬ȴչУƼһԣһ˿ԶŵϢϮƺˣԼתֵ
һµġֱ˳ǧdȻڽͼ֮ϣҶ̤գϡ
Ѫʮ㲻ҪȡҵƶҶȲ𣿡ҶɫվԶĹսҲһҽҪ䣬ҲߣҲղң
ߣƾ㣿ҪΪƵÿǰ࣬Ϊ޵ˣѪʮЦѪâᴩأһ̣һֻµγɡ
ǣеޣѪ룡˾ĿѪ룬ޣ˵ֶԶ𣬿νǿ֮
ѪʮͻȻһָһţѪľȻ۾ȻһĨɣ
ˣˣˣ
Ѫƿն̤ڵ֮ϣսȭͷĴ۾׹˸ѪĹâ˱ܵһĨ¡
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ѪʮĿĵģҵս裬Ѫ룡ϲУͲڴ˷ѿ࣬˶ϸֱӣ
𡭡Ѫһŭأʯٵͽ߾Ȼڵأ¶־壬ʮҲãʵ̫ˡ
ߣȻӾͳȫ㣡Ҷ¾ɽֿȭѪ룬¶һĨЦݡ
ҪʲôѵҪֿȭսӰε󣿡ɵ
Ȼһ̣ͼâһҶĶ죬һɲǸоƺڲ·Ҫظһ㣬ֻеĽͼȻΪҶãУ
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쿴˸âǻ棡úǿƺǰյսҪǿ
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𡭡ѪһѪɫ׵磡
ĿĹâ˵ǰչ֣Ҷսǿͬʱ²ϵıɫĻ棬ΪҶÿһȭʱ򣬶һ˿ϸ΢ĻâսȻɣ澹ȻѪ·ҵİûκλ֮
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飡
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ܹȥǹȥȲҶ㣬ֻԼħһָӺСν
ҪңҪҲҪҪ
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׽£ѪâϵҶ¶Ȼ֮ɫ׽ӳԼϣŽͼ壬Ҳڷ



ھʮ ǳ
ţʵֲ̫ˣѪʮѵôǿ
˵еЩܴģ˵콵ޣǸµĶп֣ܳ
ҶȷǿضΪɱޣɲһܹӵеս
Уǻ˵ѾɹȹףˣǸɫĻ浽ʲôǿ
ǣǡǳ棡ԣ˵һµ֮һǿ֮

Ҷɫ䣬׽ٶȿͷɲǣѾѪʮھȻϥڵϣһ֮⣬ѪȴΪһӰ޷վѪʮԱߣעҶ㣬˸ƺʱһ㡣
ƴˣҶһݣѶȥȻᱻ׽ٺȻףսͬʱҲǳ档
ɫĻƣͼһأѾû˿ƵѪâضϣڰգĿӰܲܽ⣡
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ţ˰ɣô㣿ѵҪӲ˵еĵ󣿡˾˲м˿Ҷ㣬ƿһˡ
ӰΣ˭Ҳ㲻
ʶǳĿ£ǳҶȻһЦ֮ؿڵ˿ڼţͬʱף׷죬Ȼס죡
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䣡䣡䣡䡭
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ͼ˽ͼͼȻŴһҶ󣬽ıС
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µը֮սֺƬɽ𳹵ױΪƬ߱Ϊ࣬ħȾǿҲ˱ܡ
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ݣݣݡ
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𶯣ڰתһµĹâһһ㣬ǳ
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ܵͣںľ֮Уǣħ֮쳣ȻõĻʧɫ
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ߣΣ㣡ΪǳǸ裬ŲǰѣҶȻһЦɫĻȻըѣܳ߳Ļ磬ҶһâϿյ
ɱһȣǳȻһͣΪģȥȻڼ۹ڵɲǣâһͣǳһͣȻ׹䣡



ھʮ 
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ǳãµȻըѣ繬ڰ׵ȻһԭѾĹٶȱһȱڡ
һɲ׵磬⻪һȻʧϿգֲǳ֮ʯĹһǳ׺һԨһĹ֣
ˡâһȻȺǺ빬֮Уһصľ죬µֺ꣬Ȼǹƺʶڹؼʱ򣬻һ⣬Ҫ׵֮һ𣬺Ȼ䣡
ˣ
ױһ޴Ŀµ׵֮ڳûڣ屻׳ԶѪ硣
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硭ӾҪȥҪҶ㣬ҪˣҪŸԼǰ
Ҷ㡭㣬ҪȥҵġԶһӰֱɴҲڸǲס绪Ҷ㴹ģв鴤˼¡
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ͨѾ֧ŲվٶſڵϣҲվûˡ
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ѵʥҩɣǿĹԽԽľԽпܣĿһҩתͷŶڴȥ
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벻ǣ֬ѩȻΪڞңսȻܺĹʤһ
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־ɫޱ䣬û뵽ض߾Ȼսȥķ˵Ȼܹ߶ƿķƺҪնɱ
㲻ɱңǷ±үɱҾǸ±ԣ־Ъ˹أѾ־嵽˼㣬ڳԼļöԷ֣
룡磬ûһ˿ֻۣͣͣһ־ûзӦѾɥȪˡ
ӰвãֵɲǣһѪ
־ȻԷĽһ룡ǿ߾Ȼ˼һж߲
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Ƴ棡ĹƳ浹ǲ٣ҶЦһһűɫĻϮǹƳֱӷٻ٣һ¾ɽȻ֣Ӻݺݵ׷ɳȥ
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һӾȻ¾ɽ˼ͷɽ֮ϣ
ӣ㣡ҶһЦһĨе޳Ƕ˻ߣȻɫתʵ̫죬ʮӣһ˲һѾΪˡ
ηĿҶһۣڱֻҶкâһűɫĻ棬Ҷ˫֮䲻ͣѤöĿ
ֱǵϴСȻƳ֮ͣ죬˲Ȫ֮ϣ
࣡࣡
ɫĻ淭ڣ˲ɢƽȪˮϣˮȻߣԭůȪˮ˲ù



һһʮ 
Ǻʱо忪ʼȻſڣˮӿɫĻˮȼգһâͣ˸ɫСƺҲηˮ𣬲ͣƺѰ¿ڵĻᡣ
к˸ȻǱƺҪǱˮ
꣡
ͬʱ⺣ȻһѪɫ壬Ҷɫһ䣬Ѫɫ帯ʴԼǿɽʯȻݹ࣬Խ仯ȥƲ
ӡգһʵĹâˢ
ͣͣ
Ѫɫ屻âȥǺȻȻˮף

Ҷиһһ׵Ļ棬ָһס壬Ȫˮһݣˮ´ﵽ˼¡

ǱɣȻһԾ
ɾһɲǵĹһɫĹâ˸ȻһһëȻϢ漴оһʹ
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˵Ǻ޵츳ֻͨ޶ã̼ԣӰһ뺣ڣҷڣ಻ԡ
ҶҲЩԾû뵽ССĽ澹Ȼ˱£ٿǸǽļһһ置λҲͣ
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ȻʱҶȻƯϣָᵯ˸һźڵУһϲ׼õĽöӣװС
置ˣʲôȡӣҶ鼫ãһ䣬¾ɽʧڰգӺȻ׹䣬һΪȻͬ裬ݺݵڵϣ沿Ѫ
ҽǰӺ˳ηĿҶ㣬ջȥ
ҶĿ˸ȻָһһţһңΪҶҪȪ
һǽ澹ȻҶУĻ渡ġ
ҪǰһһƳҪǱգȡ͹Ƴ渣һ
ﲻշҶץŽ棬Ѿ˴㡣
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Ҷ㷢ʣһҪ֪置ʲôλһ棬Ҫ
㡭Уɫһ䣬æܾ֪⴫жߵĵλôѪͳ置ĳͷ뵽ЩµĥֶΣͲ
ҶһϲȻһᵽ⴫սӣҶüͷ壬ֻҪᣬϣ
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置Ľɣ⴫ʼӦȻ˿ȴæӦ˾ھ죬ܲҶģ
ϵľʹ̲סĽ˫۳Ѫͷʹѣɽз
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岻ͣǽײɲǼѪӿƺûеľʹԴĺУǰ㡭˵˵
⣬ģҶ޵ľƭһƭп߻ħ˵أһŭ͵ش޲ûĥ
ѾƭһΣ˭֪᲻ƭһΣ
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ҶͻȻоһ˿޵ĹϵĵͷڿʼҶˣ㣬ģֻҪòһӦеĽ⣬ȫû⣡Υߣʱ͹ֲĺˣ
һ˼ԲΥȻᱻǣãܡƺҲܵ˼вҶֵɲǣûڣ·Ҷ㼫Ϊη塣
㰵ָΪ001ϻıɣһƣָһ棬ܼõģҶɫ΢͡
ǣˣҵʱһ˿ϣָܻջؽ棬ɵһ뵽ΪĿܣﲻɥ
ӣҶĵͷڿƵˣ⵽ķǿڷʱȡ߿ܵ
˶ٵڱӾͽһ񣬸ʱ䣬ؼڲȫ㣡ţؼͷ֬ѩǸթŮˣδ룬Ϳıˣ
ؼңȻһ˲ƣͻȻҲüЩʵѵؼг𣿡
۹ó˫ֿʼһײɱһֻЩûҶ۾
ȷг𣡲֪ؼҺ置ǼҵƲṩ𣿡Ҷ¶ɵɫӣпܺؼг



һһʮһ ͻƱ
Һؼв֮ɣɱҵʦ̾һʹ֮⣬˫΢΢置Ϊ壬ҹ壬壬ˣؼҺҹˣ
˵ЩΣҶؼ޵ӣȻ置Ƴ˲ʵĽɫ
ɱʦɣҶüͷǬ½Ϊעǣʦ縸ҵʦĸǴ治Ҫ˭ʦЦ
ȻЩСǴ֮ͽı飬ַߺޣĵĺ⣬ζװģ
ԥһᣬʹ˵ʦ룬ҹļͬʦֵܣ˫಻Էʴ˽һգؼҵ̫ϳɣֻ置ʦҹ̸Ȼɣ̫̣Ҳ֪置˳˹Ƴ֮⣬Ϊߣ̸̸ˣɣ޳֮ͽȻʥȨȣʦԳΪǿ󣬻ɱʦʥ
˵ŭеı߿֪
Сʦһշȥɽɲ裬ȴû뵽һȴʦһϢĵڵϣЩĹεĶǸͲʦ˵ڸ·ΪˣֻˣĹͷ±˽ãͼ𣡡
Ҷ˼֮Уڲ²Եм棬ζĿһۣСӣƣ㽫ȥ
ˣѾĿˣôƭأҵʦȷǱɣɱһҪɱ𣡡һĨš
һţѵ㽲ô£ѵûбͼ𣿡ҶЦѾǸͷĴүˣһĥģ֪ȫһƬĵĵ׽֮⣬Ҫ·ߣΣ
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ЦҪұˣ置ˣҪҳɾ峤֮λǿЦʮ֮置״Ǹδ֪أ
һʷȴǣڴսĵ꣬置置ܣ챻ܣ߲置Ĩȥ
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Ȼ˿̣һ˿ĳȵϢ͸壬ҶоƺԴʱõҩдҩ
⼸죬Ĺ۵ĵҩֲһ̺Ȼ˳žתΪһɾͣľ磡
Ҷһϲ̫ʱˣԸо쾳ɶƺϾҪ㴰ֽ
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䣡
ҩȻҶڴض򣬾˴䵽ʱĻۣҹҹĻۣĿ飬һɹͻƣ
Ҷпϲ˼һͻƵɲǣﾹȻʮԭŨľԪϡȻһ̣һɴӿӿֲ˻

ȴһ̣Ǹ



һһʮ 
ҶƤһ˲ͻƵϲãæܳɽĿľȻͷܶ߳űķӿȥ
Ҷɫ䣬Īĸоڱ֮ڣǸѵԤʾҪ
ϾҪˣ߰ɣи߿Ҷڶǰѵ
λ̨ǴģΪʲôȻ죿
˶һ£Ҷ̬ȳϿңЩȵʵѵ֪һӷɳھ͹ڱŽϣǿƲ⣬ҿɸ㣬ħľǿҪˣ
Ҷл֮˼Ŀһ˲˲Ķű
Ĭãתͷ붴ʰö֮󣬳űķ򼲳۶ȥ˽ӽ·̣Ѿء
ǧڱĵǰǻʱѾĦ࣬ڵŵϷһֻӣͭӣ
Ҷ㶸Ȼһоһͭͭϰٽ˭˴ֱۣðٽͭһںӣ
ӵΣ¾ҲҪֻ̱֮ɣ
ǣֵǣ˶źӵĿȣȴû˸ҳᣬҶѯʣԭպӸһ֣ǿᣬȻȴṳ̂ӵİ벽֮ڣӵ򣬾ԱΪ࣡
лһλħһľǿ֣߳һӻң˵ء
ǲ򵥣

أȻǣ·ҪϣӲ𵴣âէ֣ȻӲңӳâ죬һ̣â֡
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ܣѾڣϹž飬ܻģɣȷϹһսɥΪ˵˼꣬δٳֹ
ѵڵµ󣿣
¶֮ɫӹĳ֣ƺӭ˳أ
һˣǼϹŶסˣչΪһ۷壬ħǿߣҲɺ쾳ľǿ߿⣡ѾõΪٽһ
յΣ뻢ɵûӣ
ȻһɲٴӲأ޼᲻ݣӿܣǿ߶䣡
ħһǿҲҷ߶ûһͱӲɨ𣬿֮Щǿ¶ɫǷһ㣬Ӳ಻

صӲ޾ЩħǿɲģʩչǿΪź̽ץȥ
ۣۣ
ħǿ߱ӲɨУԶԶĻɣв⣬ȻһɲһӿӲٴν٣Ȼһ㼲ۣ
գ֮䣬Ͷħǿߣâɢ⼸λǿܵĻᶼûУâըѣǵΪһ̲࣡

⣬ħǿ߾ˣ˶Լ۾ЩԳΪǿߣĶ̰ȴʹ˵ء
ҶѾ˳ԶȻеǹľ˻ڲͣĺˣӲʵ̫ˣٺˣ˳ӿ
ѵˣ˼̳˱ǸҪ˺ӣ
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ǺӽףصģǱϹŵλͣΪҲǼΪǿӼпܾǰı
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˴УЩ˶Ȼᷢѣƽ㽻УѶϤĲпᣬ߼ɱһжƾʵ˵
ߣ˭Ҫ˺ҽһëְɣҶ¶һĨЦ˺ļˣ
ۣ֮֮
ʱͫȻһһӰӳ֮ϣ˰ƮݣЦʮ־׺һǫǫӵ̬
޴갡ӰƺҲҶ㣬߹Цû뵽ٴҶ͵ܣǶĺԵ
´٣þòҶеһ¼򣬲ҪҶ㵱ɼƷ㱻Ҷɱĳ¼ҳ´٣
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ҶȻЦ´Ѿʮ죬ҲвɣȻЦ򵥣ʮ죬սԲʮ죡
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ڻവάһ̸֮⣬ȻҶ
´٣ҿɲѺ󱳽һʱͱԼӵˣʱԼôĶ֪ŽԩҶܻ䣬ȻЦ
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㲻֪һȷλã濪ռز˵һҲΪһӡ
ѵ˵ҽȴ;ҶĿ˸ųǽô˱һûУ
εĵͷЦǵģ㱻һڽһɲǣأûж㣬û˵棡ģ
ҶɫĿƵĶųڵ֤
Ѱ㣬Ȼ֤ʮ˵Ҷȴ͸޷ȷ˵٣вɵõ
֪ҽȷλã
Ҷ˷ʣ΢ģ֪Ҷ㶯ҡˡ
ͨһɲһ䣬ü֮䣬Ȼѿһ϶һڤϮ͸ۣҶ㾹Ȼ˱һĻĻ
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Ƭ̣Ҷ㻺ͷϰϺ͸ңҾ
Ҷ͵ܣϺҳ¼Ҵ֮⡭ԥҶҪȥҧҧֻҪõɱȼĴ
Ҷ͵ߣϺչУԼʶĨȥݸҶ㣬ֻҪ͵ܰȡһж˵
Цʮ䣬Ҷ㲻һ䣬Ҳ¶һĨ΢ɲЦǳ´ٴ󷽣߰ɣȥٻأ



һһʮ ħ
ӣɽѰĹ֮طӡһΪħǱǰϲڱĹ
ҶѰֲָᡷϼصһĻ֪ĿǱΪħ
˴·̣ɫڣŵִӣɽļ֮أȻΪµԵʣﾹȻѾھ
ãҶ͵²˳٣һٽɽħпܱߣɫһ䣬ħϢǴε;֪֪Щ˶ɱ˵֪ħϢˣӦֻһˣ
ǣȴ֪һֱɱϢѱ÷з˾֪һȻ鹦ӡ
ֻ̤ɽɲǣȴֵź˵ʬ壬Щ״ңûһȫʬز֫ϱۣƺǱĳֶһ㣡
Щ˾˭ɱģֶ˲бЩⳡʵ̫ѪȣŻ
ףиڣҶȻ̤иߵѪ֮Уֱ۶һ£˺ðȻҪվ
ҶǰһȻ㣡ôˣ
ϴˣҪһҾɥȪˣǾѽǸӣթһ켶֮ҿҿһһһѵģתͣ
˾ǺӲպҶֿ£ҰֽһϹԵĹأõٱ֮һĹ˭֪ӴŪѰֲָᡷһĶ̰ʱһ켶ƤĻ̵ܵ³
СӱʶõɲǣʱĨһѪѪװŶһ١
ԭλҶ͵ܵСܣɫһϲǰ˵أȻ֪ʲôɱЩߣѰһʤ㡣
ԭǳ´簡СˡҶĽܣӲòĻ񣬵ӵֱתҶʾ£Ҿ緢ľ˵һ顣
Ծ˵ǷУ便ʲôһˣ뵽˳¼ҳ¼׵ļأǬ½Ϊޣ޽ƶһϰħͨ
ѵ޺ǧ޵ı
пܣ
¶˷ܵı飬Ϊ޺ǧ޾Ǭɴ̫ңԶȻȥȴʴ˶ħıＫΪ档
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ʱɽͻȻ΢΢һɿ񱩵Ȼӿ
ãӲɫޱ䣬йâһһââתһȦȻγһһںӲϣӲͬʱڵϡ
Ҷ㿴һĻȺֺЦһΪ˻ʲô취С
ͻȻһҶͳɫ䣬ɽâ΢һžâɽĿռ俪ʼ
Уһɿӿ絶ϮɲγһУеʬ壬Աʳ⽴
Ҷɫ䣬ʵ̫ˣٽһᱻУȻ֣ԼΪڷǰͬ裬ֻҪǷŲһͻὫǶ˾ȥ
ϴ󣬴ľԪϣӲϰżյһĻôǿߣО񾳵Ĵڣȫнɱ
Ҷ͵ܣˣգ¶Щ⣬лñȣϣһ
Ƿеƺʶһ㣬ʶҶ˴ڵɲǣȻۣµķٵʮϣŭһѾ֡
ҶĿһԼɽڴһӰӰкȻһħ
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һ׺ݵķвȥһ۰򣬾Ԫ裬ϵո緢ͱһиϣΣҶҧѪ죬ȴû̽ɽѡ
ԤУħǰ򵥣صʬ壬а߲ĺۼͿ֪ħѾ֪ж֪ѰҵĳײħЩûʷĳ
ǿܷеʱҶħйŹ֣
ʱһʹΪУҧ׳һμžڶħȥ
ħ񽣷泤֣ͨɫâ˸Ե÷쳣ħ˸ȻһͷħϹƣħΪһ壬ĵһۣоâţȲĳץȥ
ȴûע⵽ʬǽ壬ճѪһѪ̶
ȻһɲһĻħӿɫ䣬ȵϢϢĸоǰҲ᲻þʹ˷ͷŶǧһҧһĻâڿд˸ͽǹɻ֡
ĹâȻȥĿħ̰Ĺâ˸
ĻâҶƤһֲ֮꣡ǰоԾйĸо
һɲֻһ̽ħ֣пϲҪתȥɲǣһâȻ֣һħ䱻˳
ۣ
ôܡ
ħȻĶâ΢޷ħûκ׵ֶһ̾ȻԼţʹϮɲǣȻѣâħĽ飡
꣬յĽͨ飬ħǿ˵أѪ̷ЩǿߵѪۣ

ɫѾħѪʣ˳ŰѪ̷֮Уʱâ˸ͣȵϢʧŻ澹ȻûϢһڳԣ·¶һ˿Ц
âƣ𾪵ĿУħݺݵţѪţħ͸ţѪͣ䣬âƺһȻľϣҪħγ
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ϴǹϢÿ£ƺǣɵħͷûзевӲҲվ˫һĻ¶һĨɫ
ҶɫҲһ䣬ŻɫӰƺħͷħͷ˼ǧһž۶ɵʶ壡
Ҷ͵ܣ֣ħҵ࣡죡ŻӰ΢΢ƺе֧Ųס˼âͺħϣħҲҪ
ҶҲ֮٣˿̻ӰâսݱʧʧûշħӰܵʱΪһʬ塣
ãҶ¶һ˿Цγǰƶ¾ɽУȻ֣



һһʮ 
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âһ¾ɽǻӰëȻĸо·ԼϾҪһ
Ҷ㣡Ŀѣû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼʱѣָɾ䣬ƺҪӰնɱ
ҶǴһ˿Ц˼ѾϤ֣Ҷ֮ʱȻҶҲɵϣȻ֪ħûԷʱ򣬳Ȼᷭɱȳֽɱ
Ҷ㶸Ȼһû뵽ӰȻԼʶ
ǻӰںâҶɲǣֹ¾ɽâһʱоâϬɲ
ȻħͷҶһ¾ɽĺâ˺˻ɫӰӣ֮ڶ걻ն飡
ɣӰɳƿֲĹâð걻¾ɽ˺ѣ䣬˿ѾƲסеŭ⡣
һŻȻȻĹâɵ⣬ǻӰâһȻڣһɲƶȻһ䣬Ϣʮأ˲˼
ۣ
ҶֹһɾסȻĹâħ񽣹ض룬ȫû࣡
ãҶͺӲͬʱһһ֮γһ⣬ǳȥʱֻѪ죬ŴһѪʣЦץԼ࣡
ħķǽ࣬ѪҺͣĳˢϴӣ˵ӡܾʹ˳ΪҵıҶ㣬վһЦ·岢ûκ飡
ħͷ壬ѾҩɾˣҶ˸һѾֹħѾգǻɱ
ħͷֻһֻССħͷ㣬ħ𣡡ǸɳƿֲӳĿдЦҶ䣬亹ֱ
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ҶɫһȻͻ죬ǰڼ񾳵ǿߣ֬ѩڴˣҲһֲ
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Ϊūƨħ㵹룡ҶߵܹͻƵʮ֮ҲܴⲣƾΪҪɱħ𣬵ȷʮѡ
Ҷ͵ܣֻҪΪūȻٲĺôģͻʮָ֮տɴʱִȻѾħū
ޣūţҶ㲻мȻħͳɫͬʱһ䣬仰˿ȫˣħɳƵгɱ⣬Ҷ㣬һλᣡ
ͨһҶݺݵˤڵأĹͷ·ҪˤˣʺѪҺϥǴ۶ϣʹϮҡͷЦɱ⣬άϵЩơ
أħתͷӲɫ·һԲϾҪɱˣ
Ӳԥһ£ᶨҡͷЩĿ´٣ζһܰɣ
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Ҷ㣬û뵽ҲгһճΪҵĽɣһȷ磬ͷϮɱɱңҹһ񣬵һû뵽нɣħոյ֣Ǽ
֮ϢƣϵڼٸԭţħâҶһҲԴУͺӲһͷףͬʱɫĻ
ūŲаɣԲŭޱ˽ΪūţҶдˣ

ââһѤöĿĹâײɲǣ˲ըѿҶͳˣȻҶųһĻ棬ٽ̣
ֽţ´īٴκȥֻۣһ죬īâһȻ飡
ʱҶӰȻһ̾Ϣɫһףֻоͷʹѣϵľʹ˲ֽš
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ħ֧֣ѾѪΪһ߱ʬˡ
ҪҶкݹ˸ħҲǶ֣ѵʮ㣬һŰɱ㣡ʱ֮ǰܵ㷢
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ҪҶ˸
ħŭϹһսˣĵѾָʮ֮һΪΪϹǿߣһһ䣬ҲҲסˣŭ
Ѿ˵˶飬վ
֮ħ壬һֻžڶת֮䣬Ѿȡ֮ľȻһֻǣ
˭û뵽ħı徹Ȼһͷǣ
ݣ
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ͣͣͣ
ʹâɲǣȻâðȻ飬Ҷڽںˣһ˿˿壬ڷΪܣ
飡
ǹɳȻڹ֮ϣҶֻоڷڵľԪȻҿ̲סһѪæƷӡȥ
ϴǼֲ˶ˣӲͣѪȻҲ˵Ĳᣡ
ۣӲٴһѪһɲ΢һɣһȻײӿ壡



һһʮ ɷ
ݣ
һâƿնֻһ죬ӡâһȻӡƿһС

âٿգӡâˣҶɫޱ䣬âȻħħļԦ£ħĹâ貣սǿޱȡ
ӡħȣĲֻһ
ҶɫҰף罫˵أӡˣâԽԽ·ϾҪһ㣬ڞͨǿǰҶС
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ϴҪѾԪңŲ̫ʱˣ
ӲкᣬҶ㲻İΣȻôܵʴӳĿܣǣҶΪػ΢ľԪסˣһҪǵĽ̫ˡ
ģҲµģҶ΢΢һЦɼᶨƣһžԪӲڣڵľԪڷţƺɣ
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ʵϣӺӲںսʱͰѶԷԼѣԼѲԼǰ
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һ˿ӿͷ壬ƻӿĵϣǵͫâƺҪ˫ʶ
ϴ󣬲Ҫң죬ȥӲǿҶ˫֣âһȻڵǿѹסһţֱ
ߣ˭߳ȥЦһͫâҶȻģͫâ壬ǩԼ
ȥɣӲȻΪߣҲʮߣǰҶ㲻ǰķУΣ֮ʱȫ֣һԱΪءȻҶȴıΣóһɫС
˹ͨɫѪâ˸ɣһֵɲǣɽ¶ȿڴ˹ķ䷶Χڵǣֻоڸ¯֮ڣ
ǣģɫһ䣬ڹĸһ֣ŶһȦȻ˾˵ܵĵʱ΢΢һ˲飡ǵɫͫâҲʧڰУ
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ңҶԣǳıɫ濪ʼһģȻע֮УǹĻȻӿ·Ҫɽһ㡣
٣ҲǸð취ϲǿö࣡
âǰ֯һǣͬʱһŰɫĹâǹ֮УǹǾȻһ㣬ĳŶ
ɷǾȻɷҶһɷħľһԪˣɹ˽ΪĿܣħ϶ɷ˵Ҷž޴İգ
ͫ΢ʱķڵĻѾɷɵĹǼһ𣬶ʱ¡֮첻ڶ
Ǻͻ⽩һűɫĹâţҪУճǣֻɫĺˣһⱻ顣

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Ҷ㡢Ӳɫޱ䣬ĵķƷֻλᣬѾһΣʱӿѾ˹
ƴˣһҶӹģϹâħͱǳȻţһ˲ĳȵϢһǹǲһеҶ㣬Ҳеڸ졣
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ӲҲƴԪĵȭͷӰݺݵĺڳ֮ϣ˲䣬ȵϢ粨һķȥ
⣬ͣ³ɫϢֲǣǹһĲ·ϾҪһ㣬˿ҵɷѾǣһǱ飬ʧȥһ롣Բ飡
֣˶һۣȻѳ˳ȥһŻȵϢɽ֮վɽ֮ڵĺҲ̲סͷȻһһɹ类ϢȻȥɷҲʼ·ϾҪһգ
ȥɫ䣬ȻһָħȻۣڹ֮ϣһ̣Ƿ·ĹǣһâţͳĶһ
䣡
ҶͺӲͬʱˣһѪǳĽڽڰˣԽԽ·ϾҪһ㣡
С쵰ûãүҵģʱһҶͺӲһϲоȻƾճһӡ
ħӡһ̹˸һӡѾȻ£һĨ֮ɫһصľ𣬾ҪٿعǺħǷӡն飡
ʱһֵӰֳһѪҺؿڷħӡ֮ϣӡֳ֮һѪ֣⡱
ӡڿһ㲻Ӱһ̺ǲʵ˻һͱӡݺݵͷϣס壬εķڷħӡ֮£
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ʵϣǲ̰ͼҶ壬ɷǷħӡҲ޷סֻζ飬ûɱҶ㣬ɷҪҶ㣬ռ壬ħҲȥ
ȴû뵽·ɱһҧ÷ħӡʼδģһĻҶӲɫһɣʱһǱ㣬ŵ۵˹
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ڲƭѰֲָᡷӣȥߵ﷢һ˿һת˹ȴû뵽˹ˡ
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Ӧ飬ӿǹâһɷڴɲǣȻ죬ȭͷɷʱСһȦ
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ħӡ΢΢һǸһ˿걻Ӳ˸ʹ֮ɫ
֣Ҷɫһϲ¾ɽͰͼ֣һ˿еĸоϮͺӲͬһ𣬺Ȼ֣еɷͣƺھ¡
ԣ
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ħâ΢ȻգۼûӵڣһѪ䣬ʶõɲǣȻ룬ֻžһ죬ħײһħƳڣ
ȡӼٺˣͣĿȳѪȻˣҶ˵ĿϣЩԾ
ҿ쵰ǿʲôವһ°ؽƺһ㣬С۾ģЩΣȷȳ֣ȴûеõѿ
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ǵüĴһħֻнħ飬ȻֻҪնǣҾΪʱһΪҶĶʡ
һĿ⿴ħ񽣣ǽ
Žղ֮նҲܹ飬ôħСȻѾħӡӡҲ˿Ԫˣɷϣ壬Ȼ뷽跨ᡣֻҪ׼ᣬҳֽסûħ񣡡
⻰ҶһħĽ鵽˵˼ʵ׸òóִħ񣬻ǸϽȥҽ㡣
ʱӺͺӲйâ˸ñɽȻֶ飬ٴȳֻ֣һ֣һӲӵĳС
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ڷħӡ֮µĺ¶һĨη壬޷ƶֻĿų£绡â˸֮Ȼɢն䣬һѪ䣡
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Ҷɫһ䣬âţиֽͼȻͼڶ֮ˣʱĽͼҶսͼ¿̻ʵʽͼ
ǣھڣ
ǳĻ濪ʼȻһźѹ˹ȥĿüģ



һһʮ ħ˫
ͼһ֮âţģһڽͼǿ̼䣬Ѫâ⣬Сһһǰ
Ҷ㾫ԪĵǳȫעУνǲעһħĽҲ¶һĨ˷ܵĹâ
ͼ˵ħҲеһ˿η壬ʵϣͼҶģģΪΣûʵ壡
ǽͼСӾ˽ͼΪˣ¶һḬ̃ĹâͷԼĴ䣬ҪҸҶ㽻ͼ
٣ħ군ˣӲ˸˷ܵĹâ
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һĨɫҶȴںһ֮ɫһףѪͼȻЩ򣬵ȴ磡
ÿһɫòҰףҺڵľƽҩˣĲ侫ԪѿƲ˽ͼȻһɲҶʲôâһüͷ
ãֻоһɫӰһԼϣһź˸ƺնԼϣһɲһı쳹ʣһ۵һ·Ѫⱻˣ
ҶһһϵеĶӦûӦֻϡǺ¶һĨ⣬üľȻһڹڵ嵽ʲô
һ̣屻ݺݵĻɳȥһѪţ
ǡӲϲдһ̲ѪҶ屻ɳȥȻǵüķ·һħһڹƿɱ
Сӿ㣬ħҶĶߴħ齹ĺͬʱͼȻŴһźڰĹâţҶӣ

Ҷ屻ݺݵĻʮԶѪͣӼϵ䣬ߵ׶Һ׻壬ħҵҶ壬Ȼ࣬˵أ
һϾʹϮѪ죬ѴȻǶһöСһϬ쳣ĵУҶϸ֮£⵶оȻǺǵһָף
ʼǵɫӰӣȻһצϵָף
Ҷıâ˸쳣ָǶûжļ粿һ֮Ϣ˳Ѫᣬ˿ڼ޸
ħҶо˸ħĿֲǱһͨһǿ߻Ҫֲ
Ҷһָ׺ħǿ֮츳ͨҲЩˣڹⲻͣ˸·ħҪһ㣡
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ӲͬʱһѪˣӲеľȻ飬ȫֽмڴ˵أеžһѣ
ˣˣˣһϧ¶߷֮⣬һǸԣȱ˴ʧ֮
ҿǿѹӵ׵Ķ
ȥɣѾŭˣһڹü˳һɲҶڿ壬ǵüĴһϥ̨ϵĺħ˫ͫڹţȻ֮
Ҷһݣһ֮£Գǣѳֲסȥǣֲħɷħͷħ
ǡħ񣡡ӵɫͻȻʮѿħħ˭ǣֻҪħ飬ûκεǣ
ǣħ״飬ʱ侲ֹռᣡ
ͻȻħȻſڣһڹӿڳɲǣ˲Ŵ󣬿µĹâҶ˲о¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǵڵˣâһſһźڹӵһ𣬺֮ը죬
ˣˣˣ
쫷磬ڹ⣬Ȼʹ󣬺Ȼɱ
үģ¶һĨɫһҧóһ̨Ϸӿ·ĳλʹù
ջ̨Ӳһջ̨ǷԷӵ̨ǺܷƵһӽ񼶵ȻâһǷǻһ㣬
ڿнײ̶֮һɲâţӿɽȻ飬ǵһܣüеħͫâһһɿµڹٶš
ڹһ£֮ɲǼʧˣջ̨Ҳ֮ƽɫһ䣬Ȼ־ջ̨Ȼһ㣬ͣ
𰡣ѵҵҲҪ˵أҿģյģڹһƿڴջ̨ջأڹоȻһߡ
ջ̨һ֮£һֺ˵ϵȻնϣӴʧɫеĽɫȻһµĽɫ绡Ȼɣһеĳ֡
ͬʱٿգһ£ȻҪͬڹһȫ֮У
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âȻҲ𲻿һɲħЩˣһѪŽ޷ͫâ˲䣬Աߣ
֣Ҷһֻһɲںͷħͨâһƺһյ֮룡
Ҷɫͬʱһ䣬ǷԼܶˣڼȾȣŭʱ򣬺ȻּҲ̴˵ˣеڹ;ջ̨һͣڰգɽͣ׹ʯͷ˿̾Ȼֹˣ
ʱվֹռᣡ
Ҷһ޾һ˭ûϵħȻȱ죬ҶȻͬʱֻһ죬죬֣
ҶкâһԽԥħĵߵɱ¾
޾ĺڰ֮ȻɣѪţͨ·γһƬɱѪɫĹâɪϢ޾ĿֻţƬռһƬµɱ¾֮أ
ɣҶħ䣬־壬ֲ޾ĸ¾ɽħȻ˹ȥ
Ȼħ񣬲ܻɱħһҪʱվֹռᣬһɲȻʣջ̨ħ֣˷ܵ˼¡
㲻ܴħħˣƬռ̺붯ǰ򿪣ĴлûɴУһóȻ򿪣мΣգħȻſڣֲŮԵȴǳꡣ
ļ䣬ǶԶϤȻ֪ҶҶռżʴ˵һ
Ҷһ㶣ɫȻһ䣬Ȼ˵ĴлûɣħͱʲôϵΪʲôǸͨۡܿڲ
Ѿ֪ʲôۣͨǱӳħħΪʲô֪ǱһĻĻ
֣ˣħҶǶҡĴ˿ħâѾüΪϵѺԽԽԣ·ϾҪһ㡣
ô죿Ҷԥ֪Ǻãһħ֪Щʲôһħöôڣһħƭôħĵգڣô졭



һһʮ 
Сӿ֣ħͳļͨģǴӱ߳ģ֪ҿԴ룡ٶȳ֣ħĽ鼱ĹâѾԽԽڿеڹѾ΢΢
Ҷڸԥýȥģһٶһıߣʲô壡
㲻ܴңһңȻǰΣ㽫ᱧħҲʮֽϾȨҶУһ֣ٲ
ֻһʧᣬӲ˱ؽ˵أ粩һֻҪħʶʱͿԶϤ˵ǰ߻ûɴУֻܾѰٵ㣡
ɱҶмᶨħ񣬱ħʶ
ħĽһϲֻҶμۣе¾ɽ糤£ɱ¾֮Уħռ屻Ĵ˳
ҪħҪǣɱ¾֮ɭȻ£գ֮͵ǰβƶʱվֹռᣬĵ׸һ˿Ҷһ룬зĿܣȻҶѾȻĳ֡
ĲİΣ㲻һҪһؽﲻһޣ˼ޡħü֮Ҷ飬ͣһ룬ֻҪһӣ㹻ˣ
ҶһǰħҲסˣ˵ҶҶİΣôİΣʱ򣬻ȥƲе¾ɽħɱ¾֮ѾϮĿҶı£ȴ֮ûУ
飡
һ죬ǴһʹĺУ忪ʼѿѪ˲Ⱦ壬ħһըѿһĨڵһȻҪ¶Ρ

ħ׹ڵأ¶ʣһȴûȶ֣
ȻҶȴûһ̵ͣ٣ǰһɷУȻһȻץסħͷ­ӲӺǵüг˳
ưħƣΪʲô屻飬ΨʣϵͳѾоԼʧȴУҶ㽫еʱ˲ףҶ㲻ע飬д㡣
Ҷȼ׼¾ɽɱ¾֮ݺݵħϣ御Դ飬Ȼͷ֮ȴûκˣ
ɷͬͬԴΪȻȡħļ䣬ǣħ¶һĨЦҶԸԳ
Ѫһˣģ
㾹һҪҪȡ룡
Σ룿ٺ٣ϾͻΪҵķ²ҶЦɫ쳣԰ף֧ӡ
ߣΪħôͽҵħ񣬾Ϊ޵ˣҪңΪ̫ħŭѾЩ˷ܡ
ʧħ񱻻٣˵ӣȻһһʮֺʵ壬Ҷͱ塭
벻ǣϾҪ֪ˣҶȻЦһֲеֲѾʣ꣬㣬ӦץһЩָԪ޸Ƶĵҩ
ħһٶԣͷȻһ̣ħƣ̹ǣħצ·ҪҶɵһ㣡
ħ̣ϱмңǷԲ̣Ȼһɲħͷųâ֮һа׵мɣҼٷŴ˲γֱΪ׵һ޴Уڹһħʣһֻͷ­¡
еɣһɾ˵ӿڹţһƬƬӿУѪâµƺҪӣɽУ
ҶһĻһӽеĵطռŤʮһƬƬâӿУз֮
⣬ȿռѷ컹Ҫֲŵû亹ֱð
ҵҪ˭ܴл߳ȥҶ㣬͹ԹɣһὫļ룬չ˺ļ˵ģħ޼ɵЦдҶȾŭˬ˼㡣
ҶԵش˹ȥɨһڵϵħѾҪѣϵĹâѾͭһѲĹʡ
ʱĿںϣǵüĴѾѿѪ֮УѾòˣȻҶĿȴһ
Ҷ͵ܣҰħһָΣʱĶʾȻͷһħ
ôû
Ҷ͵ܣڲ˵ʱħ̷ͬСɣһչӣɽΪһ޴ĺڶ˭޷ڶʴ
аգҶ΢ȴЩų
ЦУħ󲿷ֲдڣֻҪ壬ȻܹħУǣҺǩԼҷҲٲ
ͣ
ģһѾȻֺ֣ľԪעǺڣӺͺӲޱ֣Ԫĵǵ屻âᡣ
ƾҵĲ壬ҲҪǾͲҪ쿪ˣħƵзΧԽԽӣɽ߾֮С
ԣһͻҷ𣬾ľԪڣâԽԽҶȻϣ絶һ㡣
죬֣ͨɫһűɫĻ濪ʼȭͷСĹſӿ·ǧǳкһ㡣
ɲ֮䣬ԺΪģ˲γһǳУзտеĻԪأǳĻţͺϵâӵһ𣬺һȻ׳
ħһ¶⣬ȴҵĲʬôв죬̧ͷһкȻ뵽ʲô
ȻϮоȻһȻŴҺҶνϿ죬ҪҲнУһѪⱻȥѪ죡
羹Ȼ絶һĵʹ
㣬ȻѾֵסˣҶ㽹Ĵߴ٣âٴηŴâ۵һһӰγɣ
֣𣡺ڶӰһħ𲻽һһɻֺȻγɣĹǳȻ飬˲סħ𱬷У
㿴ʲô֪ΪΣĻﾹȻҶĿڷħһۣвЩ
䣡
ֺ꣬Ȼ
⵽ʲôӾһɲ֮䣬һƬ񷾹ȻγһµĺڶҶҡͷЦУмԽڶ֮У޴ѡ
ҶɫףڶҪǿ繰šˣˡӣɽȻڶȴͻȻһһȻը
ҶУӣɽȻҪըѣֵɣϸм׵ѺӣɽޱȣӣɽԱϹŵľǿ߼һλħǿҲԽ飡
Ȼ˿̣Ȼڶ񱩣೵Ĵ̶˷ȥһ澵ӣȻһ㣡
ⴥĿĵһĻҶɫӲҰף岻ͣ
죬Ѫ̷ʱҶħһĿһȻɽѪ̷Ȼãʯû׹У
һĨ죬˿̺ڶӰ˺飬룬ͨһ׹Ѫ̷֮У



һһʮ Ѫ̶
ڶ֮УʼٸħҲʼƮҡевǿµƺҪ˺壬ħ̲ͣڹð
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һ죬ħ̾ȻأħʱĿɿڴǳ֮ӿѵħ֣ħ𰵽вãʣǵӱܣһԲһĵ绡Ȼ£
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һâħǵһǣҶ㾹ȻѪ̶֮У΢ԥ
ҶڸһѪ̶ɲǣʱо̹ǵĺ⣬ͣĶ£ǵϺȻ͸ı壬·ҪѪ⡣
弱½ЩԾѪ̶ƺף
ҵǣǺڶֺµû̽Уƺıסһ㣡
Ѫ̶ǺˮΪΣҶħѪ̶ûŵһ˿ȳ֮ζһ˿㡣
һɲħâƣϵѺ۾ȻҲѪ̶Ϊ̶ǧǿߵľϹ̶ֱҲԼ٣˿ЦΪ⻯̶ͨѪ̶ǰҵǿֱɽ֪Ц
ƺԳڳЦˣҶоòԼҲЦ֮С
񣬻һ湻ģдЩм
٣֪ǺˣƺʶҶĲмʵ
ҶãȻҡͷĵ伮в漰ĹҲǵһ˵ŽٴΣȻǰġ
Ϲžܷ˴۵ãϹɱľǿߣս죬ԱҲ˵ʤҶ㲻һϹɱ׹ϹɱһֱսУսǿߵļӪɱߣսǿߣսĽ
˵ս죬ҶһսᱮϣȻһ䣬ȴ׻ս춼Ƕ֣Ƕô£
뵽սϹɱ򣬲ЩȻ뵽ڶǿ۱аģǱֽһѪȷ磡
ʱٶȴѪ̷ɴ˵Ϊ̶սǿ߷ϴ֮أҪֻ֪սǿߣʸ⻯̶
˵Ѫ̶Ŷǻ̶սǿ֮أҶ¶ɫϵĺȻѪ
Ȼ¼仯̶а˴֮һ齾ĵҶ㾪ȵӣΪн֮
ȵȣ˵ֻǿ߲ʸ⻯̶ôأɷ룿ʲô
֣ǸҶ˵еʣǵĺⶳɫ࣬ҪϢˣڵԪʱ򣬾ȵķ֣˿̵ľԪȻĳ㣬ϵѾȬ
̶Ǻõط
ħĽͻȻЩΣڵսܽ뻯̶ǿ߲ٷ֮һʮϵǿߣȿȣܹ˳ͨѪ̶Ĵģʮ֮һ
ҿѾǾһǺңҶһƿڴʱǺȥѪˮ࣬㽫ˣ
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ȿȣһʱҲû뵽ħĽ鼫ΪΣظֻ֤Ҫ˵ģһͨѪ̶ķϴ裡
ҶɫһˮߣԽԽǺѪҵĿţһĪ룬ȻĵԪ裬лţůӣôʱ䡣
Ҫû𣡲ҪֿħĽһɲҶһҶȥ뻯̶̶ף֪ʲôʱܳ
ץסĽߣ˳ˮۣһУħ鼱Ϲսӵڽ뻯̶֮ǰ˵Ļһ顣
ҶѪ̶ƯУУйѪˮճѪҺƺҪסʶʶʼɢĻĶǻ
ģʶг˷ٶľģһζΰޱȵľʣе壬Ҫѿɱ뿪Ѫ̶Ҫؼҡ
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ѵǶȹ˵𡭡
Ѫ̶ҲʶڿʼɢһͷħĻʮֿЦҲܲסˮѹֹͣ
ħ¶һĨˣѵһҪڻ̶
ԣ
һ˿΢ϢȻóȣҶؿ࣬˳ž뵤ǹȥҶྐྵȻ»
Դ飡
֮ʱԴٴɢ
Ѫ̶֮УҶĺͨʶҲع飬Ȼ˫Ŀһŵĸоá
һɲҶħĻһϻָЦݣƶȻһ䣬˿̵Ҷ㣬Ǹºŵľӡ
ϲ㣡ħʱһϲĿһҶ㣬˾ǳ֮ǲΪ
ͻȻĿһһǾȻѪ̶мһӿ֣ĶһɷƲȥ
һĻҶ㲻һϲʱԵδ갡ħּˣ
仰ȻһƵµ⣬ڿҶѪ̶ңڵӣʧɫ
㣬ôܻѪ̶֮УħѪ̶ɲǣϲɫ֮ؾս崫̶֮
һԼеʼĳѾֿϵѱ徹Ȼ㽫أȻһˣʱһĨϣͷ
ҶСӶȻѪ̶лȥֻҪҵ弴ɣһɲȻҶ㾹Ȼվ
㻹ţôأҶһ̣Ȼ֣һɫĹâţͬʱɷȻ䲻⣬Ȼ֣
٣ƾ㻹ȡҵħЦţȻѪˮȻ򷭣ԭƽ˾Ѫ̶ȻһˣеĶûоԪǰ棡
ˣˣˣ
Ѫ죬ҶѪ̶֮
̶֮ѪעһµħдʧɫȴѪ̶Ȼ
ҪԱ𣿲о̫𣿡ҶѾϤħ˼ԱҶˮһգ
ɷĹâͣ˸ҶĿ֮£ͷ֮УħͬͬԴû˿谭֮УҼţ˲˲дħеȡ֮˵ڵħһжҶĿ֮£
ħһֻ˵ĸѪ̶Ʈг˰ûڣΪʲôҪ̰ͼ壬Ҷһ֣ͽɱôһöá
ֲŲ˱ңһɲȴеһ˿Ծǻ˽ʮϹܴϹŴս֮вдֶθǶô¡
ȻһǾȻ׾ٱҶ˱壬ڴ֮󣬱ɿƣħ̱У֮ڶɣһжԵöôͬѰ
ϲģ㻹ûдңʱĶͻȻһ죬ħʱػҶɫҲǾޱ䣡
Ҷ͵ܣþòˣ



һٶʮ Ѫɱħ
ҶȻһЩŵĿӰʵ̫ϤˣζأȴϮɱ
û뵽ҲӺڶҽѪ̷֮ڣ
ȴ֪˺ǵΪںǺΪһ壬˵ħͬͬԴħѾ֮ϵԶնϣ
ԣĳħˢ֮УȻѧѪ̶ķߵħʱ򣬲¶һĨмЦݡ
ħһİʹȴû뵽һʧƣȻ䷴ΪΪ
Ҷ͵ѵӭ𣿡Ѫ̶֮ڣͬ½һ㣬Ҷ˹
´ٹ渣ڶɹ˺ǵħкΪ˰ɣҶЦħǱӡ봢
Ѫ̶ǻ̶Ҫ߳ȥȻҪѪ̶Ҷ˵֮ǺѻųȥͬȹΣƤЦЦûҶļ˵
ͬʱ΢΢һħУһģȻնȥ֮ĹҶħҶ͵ʮԵ軨׷͸Ҷ͵ܣԴлҶ͵ϣһһҶ͵ܸǽеȣ˵žȻĽħ͸Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㲻üͷڳΪΪﵽĿľݣκֶζʹĳҽ쳣죡
һˣҶףѾ֪ħЩϵ˻ں֮УУһ飬͵һʱըʱпܱը˼
󷽷͸Ҷ㣬Լ飬ǳĸ֮
´٣֮ʳҸϲ˵ķҶЦǵзѣֻҪ׼ᣬǶԥ֣һΣҲЦӭǢ̸
ɫһ䣬αˣͬʱȻħ˳ȥǶһ
´ٻһĽֻǿһЦҶһһ֣̽ͽħУתζĿ
ʱĳ´ɫΪѿ֪Լһˣˣ
ħ׳֮ҪҶȴó飬ռãħųۣͣĴӣǸɵϡ
ˣǻ̸°ɣ˰죬ӻ֣ε˵ưͿԶˣѾնϣħ֣ҲҪˡ
٣ȻѾңҲûʲô̸ˣ´ٱذɣҲ´ǾͻˡҶЦŰ֣ɲթ˺
㣡ɫ࣬ȥ˵ԷȻһڻؾȴκζԷ˵ħŞѾͨΪȻѾȴû
˿̵ʮߣҶʱɸеһɲĸоҶ㵽׻ʲôƣһ˺һľ档
٣Ҷ㣬ӵţȫϲһҪǣҶʧıӰ޺޵ţ
Ϊʲôû٣ҪγԶħ鲻Щ棬ܸܵҶܺǸȴûг֡
û٣㲻˽ϲĶñ֪һֱƲϣûʮİգǧҪ˺ǼΪµġҪȻƾʲôɵǵ뷨ܿΪʱˡҶ̾ϢܸоΪ֮ǰҪǿˣ˵óȻ֡
˼˵к֣ħеͷʹ˵ȷѶԸ
ٺ٣УǺܶ࣡Ҷ϶˵ȻͳֵĴ࣬ȴ˽Ϊˣϧĸо
׷ģսƽ֣һҲһ֪ûо԰ջɱңᷭҶЦţȷǰΣΪԼżİգ֮󣬺Ȼֱˣ㱻ɱһΣԲٷͬĴ
ҪĸߣҶ㲻ʵѪˮճԪת۾ϣֻܿһڵ磬Ѫ̶֮Ҷŷ⻯̶ռԲһڵ£ռΪ
ðɣӮˣħͣĿȴûпӰȻһҶ˵ǰ㣬
һֱߣҪͣˣôһ㶼ѡȷԴӽ뻯̶ҶڲӲӣɽάӲӣǶ˲ˣҶ㶨ȻʮżŶԣȻҶȴ붼û롣
ҶħⲻЩЦ˵ǰһƹһĻ˵ֻҪһ˿𣿡
˼ǣѪ̶ɲѾķھԻúúõģħһ㶣ʵ
ԣһҪõö࣡ºͺӲĸԣֻҪһˣֻҪˣһǳ
Ҷһ㶼ģȥȻټ档
С׼ðɣ̶ĿϾҪʼˣһоͿԼˣٺ١԰գҲҶػʧħ֮Уƺһ˿ζ˼֮ҶνУϻػ
ʱҶѾ̶̤ףһɲһĽȻϮҶʶ·𱻼⵶ݺݵĴȥХ̺˷ɱ¾֮Ҫǣ
ô£Ҷһ漴ͷʹѣȻħĻѵǻ̶Ŀ飿
Ҷ㱾־ᶨ֮񾭽ҧסХܱͷѣ
Ѫ̶ײѪˮճĿӾԽԽ̣֮󣬺ȻԼĿܿǰʮף
ǰɫʬ֣Сɽһ㣬һ޹Ǻǲ֪˶ǿߣȻҶվ˵أȴһ˿С
Ϲɱ򣬻̶սĴܵأЩ׹ǣпܶΪսңȥ֮ڴˣ
ǿߵ䣬̶ⷽɣڴ½ո¶ͷǣΪսеٮٮߣս۷磡
һˣҶ㼸Ȼ£ƺϹսȥɲǣ˵أԼѪҩιԼĺˣ׳ɳ

ҶһƺʲôAһ£סͷʹӣȻһħ˸ĵУ
һϲȻץУ˸΢΢ƺ쳣˷һ㣬ֵɲǣҶֻойѪĸо
ⱦԵҶ˷ܵĻ輸£նˣѪ̶һˣܺ񣬻ˮ죬ԵüΪ
õǺõȻͷȻַõĵ滹һּݺɳǧ꣬δһܣΣ֮ʣԸѪɱħɳʴҶˣҶħ
ҶȻһҶħָоȻΪУһ˿ѪĸоѪɱħȥеҶ㣬Ѫɱħñɳģ



һٶʮһ 
飬ѡѪɱħҶ쳣ϲ
һɲѪ̶䶸
ʴ̶֮ҶֻоʶҪͬʱѪˮ·ҶӵĹȫͱѪˮǵʵʵ
ҶЩȣϵѪˮѪ̶ѪˮȫһѪˮѪѪˮľϣʹȫ·𱻵ӺݺݵĹΣ
գ֮䣬ҶͱѪˮһ޼롣ճѪˮסʶҶֻоǧϸСĳӣ˳ëϸѪܣڣڵ䶯ڿѪ⣬ʹ֮
˿̵Ҷ屻̣޷ܣҪħͨʶȴС룬˺ҧкݺݵһ
Ҷ־ǱѰڱӿʮѨоľƺҪ˺ˣ˿˿֣˺ѵɲǣȻĸо˲
һ̣ҶھȻһѪУѪ̶ľͣӿһӿ֮УǿҵѹҶ塣
һŨɱȻγɣȻϹɱӳҲ΢΢һɱһ㶴У
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ɱ壬Ҷ㶸Ȼѣɫ䣬ɱ壬ԭеľնϣѣҶϢĸо
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ѪɱħѪâ΢΢һһĨâţһġӡҶУ漴âһȻһɱӿġɱ֣
ҶоâһϢĸоȻʧһɲֹͣ˷ӿ֮֮ɢ·翪ʼ
ȻеѪɱħ΢Ѫ̶ɱ⣬Ѫ룬ƺйһ֣Ǿǡɱ֣չɱ֮壡
Ϲɱս崫Уһʾ⻯̶ɱ¾֮أսɱΪ壬񣬻һɱɷ
һ̣ҶȻʣѪɱħƽѪ̶ķڣӿѪɵУһеһУʾɱ⣬ɱ¾İ壡
ɱȻ飬ȴûţǱһžԪƣҶɱ֮壬ɱڼ̶ϴ񣬻
ֱŭ˾գݺݵĻھ޼֮ϣʹϮȻѪ̶ǧ˿ߣҶڣǧĳӷȥѪ⣬Ҷû˿ʳ
ɱɣͣײϣʶҶȴɽ˼û˿ֹͣ·岻һ㣡
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Ҳ˲㣬ȡ֮ԲҲ㣬ȡ֮ԲҲ
ҶͻȻٶľģĬһУȫȫеѪɱħͣһ˿˿â΢ƺָҶ㣬ͻȻɰٴ˴󣻻ɳ֮ϸʼɽ룻ˮ֮΢Ԩ
ȻҶ˫ĿǰƱá
͡΢΢ҧס촽һѪ̶ĺȻһȻ飬ǵεɱһ
һȻǰһϵľ޼΢΢ѿ˳Ծǣ޼뾹ȻǳɫǴɫ
һ˿ʣƺȫҶˣ
ҶƶȻһ䣬̤һƺ˻̶İ壬һɲѪ̶ʼˣǧѪ̶ɵѪ˿ӿȻӿҶУ
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ͬѪ̶ײĳ侪âŨѪˮȻ峺࣬ĿȻĿѥӣ
ô£ѵŨѪˮΪˣüͷʶ뵽һӰһĨʡ
ҶɱУŲԽԽأÿ̤һиŨѪ̶ѪˮԽԽ峺ɱ¾İ̡
ɱɱɱҶͻȻȣӴ֮һ㺧ˣһɿµɱɣϹɱңӳ
һɲϹâ˸̶ʼҶɱƣѪɫͺâƣսҵľڣɱʵʣɭȻ
ҶȻͣסŲ΢ƺ⻯̶ΪһˣԪȵɱ⣬绯̶һ㣡
֮ǰĺĵʹµѹʧһգ˿̵ǻ̶̶
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âţɱʵʣзȡ̶еӿ壬ʮѨϾȻһɲ忪룬Ҷһ
Ҷϲǣ֮ĵѿѾڶƬҶӣѸܵŨŨڲĴ·ȡ֮֮ߣ
볹׶վǲһδһ죬ȻΪˣԽԽӿûκֹͣļ
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ʶϹâţâ֮£ԵģģʶâţһںӴһղŶϤȻһԲ
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΢΢ϺâţһƣһɲһŰƿնȻԲ֮ϣâ֮ڶ
Ҷһ֪ʶȻģԲǲ֪ʱɣŰɲǣʱ׺䶥ðǣʹȥ
ٶѵǴ˵еķٶɣٶƺֻӰҶʶȻʼģȴŷٶŰĹâͷһͷ񡭡
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˲Ѫ̶֮Ѿʵ֮Ϊ峺ȪˮҲΪ
ȷѪˮľҶգһϹɱĻ̶ڣ
Ҷ¶һĨ΢ЦݹվһƬǽӣɽʱӣɽѾڣֻʣɳʯһ㣬ķ૵㣬ˡ



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ҶŲ죬ԭյ·̣СʱȻٶ֮ǰʱ˲еһɲͬѰϢ
ŽǵĺȻζѾ򿪣ѾӿУſȸֻʣ˻ԥʱоȫȫͬ磬ռأ˱ǣ֮ȻһԴ
Ҷ֪ʱѾָһ㣬þǴħ֮ʱвʧɫ
æħǺħץ˵еʣħڿҶıвһ£֪Ѿסˡ
ħʲôħϹŲǸҩͯӣħųĿһҶ㣬Լʮֺˣʲôģı飬ĽеķȻʮġ
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ʲô㵱˵ħƭ𣿡Ҷ˫ͫһһâȻڽ֮ϣֻһ鷢һʹӨɫâ΢΢һȻһأ
ǣǣ֡ħη壬ҶԴİ壬񹥻ΪϬ㿴һۣƺܽ䶴ɱƣħܵԼСвæĵ
ħֻǱӰ촫ߣ˺ô󾢣ħ˵仰ٿҶʱгη壬ӺʱѾȫһˣϬĿ⣬ʱܽĨȥ
Ҷɫ΢ͣƺѾ˵ԼľʶǿʱĨɱħ飬ԼĴ󣬵罫ʹסѵ
ħǵļ䣬ǰ˲γһĻһԼӰü䣬ǣɫԵüΪ߹󣬾֮ϣׯʥһ㡣
Ҷ۾һˮ㣬ŮӱҶ磡
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ħǵɴ۾Ҷ㳯˼ĺĽ㵽׳ʲôģһ֮£ʱһ岻ͣڵأ
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ʱҶĿڵǰһŲ֮ͩϣͫȻһ֮ͩϾȻһĨǻǲѰĺɫɫ
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ҶȻ֮侹ȻʣһʶâɨȻ֮ͩϾȻмƬϹ˸ľҶ
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ֽһսǰҶ㲻ЩѾܵɳȵĹâȻҲľĴڣ
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䣡
һ̣Ѿ˰಻סˣһߺһɮͬʱ֣һһľ㣬Ȼ֣Ŀ֮ͩϵľ
ҶĿһ٣ɮ˵һ֣ڵĺУߵͬ򵥣ǰлͼпĳ塣
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Ҷûκγֵ˼ĿƣƬľ׻˭֡
ףҶ㲻һǻɮһľڿգŻŵ߱ˣһ̽ץסƬԡڻеľ
Ϻзǿչ¶һ֣ʮΪпʮǿߣľ㷨ΪǿܹһʮǿߵĹȷʮֲ򵥡
ͬʱ棬ڲǴţʮߣǿҪĲҪƴȥƣͿԵõʦŵĴ裬вЩĽʺޡ
һƬߵõһƬһĹӵõĿҶ㲻üͷ⹫ü֮侹Ȼհʮƣ
ˣӱҵڶ֣Ҷͫһ˼ۺ죬ǾĿ꣬˵ľˣ
ȻʱŻͼ߾Ȼ˹漴˵ͷߣҶüͷǶ˵Ϊʮңһû˿ա
ʱͻȻתͷĿҶһһĨҶһ۲תͷȥ
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Ų˻ĶɮһЦȻ֪ڴ⣬ΪʮǿߣϯӣͨɮˣηһȺСˣ
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δ߶Զ߶һۣǸһ£ȥ
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Ҷһû뵽ԷѾټãһת¾ɽâ˲佫ʮâƬ
٣û뵽һ֣ͨЦָᵯʮͬʱ˳һŽɫĹââըѿ
ֻᡰסһ֮ЦȴֻһߣҲҷү鷳ǲͷˣ
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飡
Ҷһ㶣ŵĹâȻʧξҪڿն𣬾һɲһɿµʧٵķ



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Ҷڿն֮ʱͻȻâһɹţ֮Ҷֻоǧ嶸Ȼ½
Ҷһƣ龹Ȼܹ߷ƣ
ȻͨһһȻ̹⼤ϸ֮£ǿľ㡣
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һ޴ġdɣȻ䣬סҶ·ͬʱĽϼţǿʮ
ҶһкúݵĻ㣬ͬʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ᱻΪ࣡
һͫâɣɨĽƣһ֮£ͷ亹ֱðʲô飬Ǻ˸Уһ䣬ؽɴ⬣
ͨ¶һ˿̵Цݣָһģ촽³һԣľĹâţֻ۵һâ½Ҷıһ
еɣҶɫһ䣬͵ؾ¾ɽȻ֣һɫĽӿúľĹâһ
ͣͣ
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һɲҶѾ޽ӽ棬һѾƿķ˺Ѫ⣬вż
Ҷ㴥ʮսȻת¾ɽפأ֧Լ壬ǳĹâսˣֻˡһһ鱻ȵĽâնȥ
ͬʱָֻһѪУѪƣ֮ˣˣˣ֣ͣһſը죬գۼ䣬Ȼʮţ
ͨñŭ⴮켶ΪľϣŰɱҶɣȴ뵽Ҷս쳣ǿת¶һĨЦսǿҲ죬ĲԶҲ޷ֲ
ߣľâһȻʹĥһ㣬ѹ£ҲͨھһһѪУ˫л
Ҷɫһ䣬ľٴηһֻоʶһڵķٶâһһеâһȻ黯ɵĵײһ
ӰɣȻһֻ̾ۡһȻ飬ͨһͣһɲ¾ɽѪɱħ󿪴ϣâ죬ȻըѣȴûеסҶΡ
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ӲƴԪҶȷʮĶ֣սȽϣԺʮǿȻһȴˣ˵λϺУսͬǱѰ
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ϺͲҪ쿪ˣԹ԰ľҲһܷһ·Ҷһɱ˶ᱦĹһ˿˷ܡ
ͨЦ룬ȸȴû뵽վȻиͷ࣬ҪɱᱦǶôЦ顣
Сӣϵˣƶɮͳȫ㣬һʤ߼գգͨƶȻһ䣬ȻһõɮģҶʮֶģܰɱ˵оݣҲЩͺ¿ȱˡ
ʱҶȴ΢΢һЦ֣ѾϤͨսľĹ⻷һľ㱻٣ͨʮһ㣬һʮߣ
һˣȻ˱ܣ¾ɽѪɱħһһޱȣһ̣ٴӰ
һٿӰѾ࣬˫ͫħֱѾʵ壬ƺħٴνʵ壡
˵ү죬ͷ̸۵ȥɣҶ¶һĨЦɫâţеĻ漲ӿ
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һɲϾһźɫĻ΢âͨЦݽϣһĵľʹеԼľƺҪˣ
˿̣Ҷʶӿŭ˳죬ķٶתһ貵ĺâţħĹâԽԽ̧һȭµӿ
ħħļܣֻ׻ҪʶĹ˵ʩҪҲǼߣǰҶʶ쳣óȻʹãȻһһٶɣ׻ȻԴ߷ɣ
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ҪۣСӡҪɱ㡭
Ҷ¶һĨЦǿ֣׻ǰ࣡
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ľ֮죬Ϊ֮һͨʹɫ΢ͻĿһҶ㣬ڿնâţһ̽ľ֣ʣľʹ
ɱȵɱɣҶһճ֣һǰȻ£ͨŲ˲ƣľգһᣬǧd֣;׶һ
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һ˿µȻɣȻɱһֲҶɫޱ䣬ĸܵĿ£пһλǿߵ
׻ҪʶĹ˭Խ־ãЦ
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ħͷ­âţڷٶ֧£֮ٴ־ףâȻ£Ļ׵磬µľ񹥻˿ͣ
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Ҷһ˿ЦȻ֣޾ɱ⣬ɱ֮ǵأ;ףĻһ£Ȼѹǵľ



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ȵɱ羪κˣӿ£žףȻײٿգͨ¶һĨâ忪ʼɱʵ̫ˣǿһ۾Զ꣡
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ѵҪ𣿽õı㱻ȥʦôܣҲţͨʹĽеһеתԪľ֮Уľ㶸Ȼٶ
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ͨɴ۾ĿŽԴ͸ԼľըѣȻ׻һ㣬ವһͷ­
ϵľʹͨϾ˼䵶һӣݺݵıԴʶھһ죬𳡣ʹ
ҶЦĿջش䣬¶һĨЦĿشͨУ˿̵ͨѾû̵Цݣûʣһһش
ⳡսֵΪҶû˸ѡ֣ûΧۣǿһĻȻо̾ͨ߰Ļͷһ˶ˣתۼ䣬ʹĲҺ֮ġ
ԣ
ʱҽȻֹͨͷ­ȻѣҰɫԽӽضǣ״ֲ֮ҡ
Ҷǰ˼Ĵ䣬˳ֽ䵶ץУƬľץУ¶һĨ΢ЦƬľԡڻ֮У˵ľеļƷǱժ֮Ҳͻ㣬ƼƷеļƷ
һűɫĻ֣Ȼȼգʬ屻յʣ
ʱһСӾȻӻвдҶһ㶣Уڹƣ֪ʲôʣԪ룬ֻžһһ˱ǵҩ㴫
ǡҶһϲɫī࣡гصľȻܹ¶ܵī࣡
ȻĹ˵Ѫ¶һĨЦݣֻҪī࣬ͿԶһ߾˫Ŀܣ
ֻܶһīʮֺܹѰָ״һѾˣҶеīྐྵȻӤָͷС˵ĺãֶͨǲеģڴʬ壬ĨȥϢ֮ҶһȦٶȳڵ֮ǰûһͨߵ٣ٶȳҲûκ˵Ļɡ
ʱĽ΢΢ɶѾǿߴǿд룬ϢҶ㲻üͷ㼫пܾһ֮Уһǿд룬ȻӰ촫Уһա
ҼȥˣŴ㴳뵤ߣɫһ䣬ǰ̤˼׼ʱֹЩ˳֣
Ȼһ̣ȻʼͻȻ䣬һɰӿĻӿˣʧɫⵤ飬ڲ֮󣬾Ȼ
ôܣֻǵѵȻ˾ǵͣȻεضڿѡ
ⵤ涨Ȼӡô
ҶͫһȵĻ˷׷˱ܣȴеһ˿ͬͬԴĸоô£ѵҪ
žͷ뷨ǱĴҲܸộڵɲǣеһ˿ײУһâ࣡
໡
ͻȻһɫͬʱһ䣬ǵһֻڻڣëϼƣʳ졣
ҶҲˣֻʵ̫ˣʶģȻҪȥֻúһ
ˣǴ˵׵޷ˣ˵һˣǴ˵еޣͳ죡
һɲ˶ܵһɴûйѹȸУû˸ǰһ߻սڵأˡ
µѹӿȵϢ˸еϢǷ˰ھ֮ϣԡڻ֮У׵ϵģ޿ɱ⣡
ţѵⵤ֮һֻˣˡǰĿת򵤷ⵤǱ֮أ
ΪǿĲǞһһߣĶ㿪Ĺѹȣܷӳ񾳵ΪֻڷǰҲսѣԷҪһצӣɥȪ
Ψ쾳ǿڴˣл޷һ
ȻҶȴеһ˿ͬѰԷΪޣԱ壬죬֮ھԷٳһƬ
Ҳ˵ԷΪĵİ֮ڣ죬ûκζֵܵ˷Ȼ˿̷紫˵ԣ֮ھԻΪһƬȴһ˿ҩ㴫
ѵǴ˵е񵤻Ҷ㶸ȻһĿһ֮ϵķˣĿЩͣܣȻķˣ
СӣȻħǷ˲ﻹлڣ࣬·価ԷգǣҲǧҪС񵤻ģ˵һУֻΪһ㡣
Ǿ˵ҽûһҶüͷö񵤹ȻãҲҪòУѹԺ͞ǿҶѡ񼦵ײʯͷҶη壬кãҵ㣬һؼҡ
ħЩ֣̿ҶĥϽӦãڣ
Ҷתߣħļ䣬ڶ˵ؼԶҪȹһΪˮӵĺܵڴ˵ʱ䣬ʹȥ
ιСӣ֪ǻɷ˵ΪεħЩż񵤻ܻɷ˵񵤿ʥҩһųڷȥп쾳ǿߵ죬СڴõĻԵǰȻתȥ
֪Σ񵤻ɵķОΪֲ˵ڵ֮Ѱҽ㣡Ҷ㿴еӣʧЦ
죿С治֪Ǽٲ֪񵤻ȻǷҲһ㣬һȣʾͿһǿߣ̸ОΪħЦõ
Ҷӣħ˼񵤻Ȼǿ󣬵ҲǞһ죬һĨ˷ܣս⿪ʼɢ
Ǹ첻µزµ֪ηͺϸ˶ˣ۹ãɽͳν׼Ĵη壬Ҷȴһ㶼£ȻҲһǿߵš
˵ϵĲ޷ֲһǿ֮ģǱܣγһս̼ս
񵤻磬αװģѵںٻ˿ߣ
ͻȻ֮䣬شҶˬʵĴЦж԰ĻһѹиһƵ
˴һ񵤻磿
Сӷˣʲô񵤻磬޷ˣߣǸΪǵСӣ﷢ŭȻ֮أ
Ǹȹ˵Ҷ㡭һ̣Ȼϳ



һٶʮ ɶ
ԣʥҩһɻΪһ䣬ͬҲߣۣ֮֮һ۷壬ƻʳƵۣǧš
񵤻һħļ䣬֮ʱȡһǣУƳһʥҩ
໡ȻĿͣϾдŷһǣȻõҶ㼥ĻŭȻһƳȵĻ棬ҪƬأ
ã˷ŭˣӣޱȣոսӴɲǣߵ˲ȼգգ֮䣬ͱճһ̿ҽڶ
ҶȻ壬һĨЦһǳĹâȻϮǳһ
飡
ǱŷâȻ𣬹â˸֮䣬ƺγһϣâһϾеҶ㲻һ˿ѪεȻǳȴ˿ûòѹӡ
ף˵ôܱһ߸סˣһ̣˷ʣڲ֮ǰû˸óȻ֣ϾӲͨˣܹȻȹħתǿ˭ָǣ֪һʲôƣ
໡СӣڰȻû˵Ҷ㣬ŭвŮЩɣ걻ķŭȻй
֮Уһֻ޴ķצȻ̽Ҫӽ֮ʱһȵĻסҶΣֻоѹѹһƬһצռƺ˺ˣ
ͣҶֻоرնˣƺһڰգ¯һ̣̤һ޾Ļ𺣣
еˮϾҪɣҶ㾹ȻϢĸо
·ص֮Ҷ΢΢һߣǾҿ㵽кα£ܽշ㣬ɱʳ
ڴʱצѾϮҶȴһÿֶɱ⣬̴ܴ˵࣬񷣬ܵĻ治ͣ쫷Ϯһ㣬㱻
Ѫɱħ֣һһǱضϵĵ·ܵƿһ㣡
ǳħ𣬹ֲҺҿ⣬ߣȻɻ飬ҺΣվģԶչצצ֮һȭͷĻ飬âҫۣԺ̫ԣ
鸦һ֣ħǳ澹ȻԾתӿӿǻ֮УҶüͷһ壬ֻҪƿ𣬾ͿԴ飬񵤻ɵķ˾ȻԵΪԲл֮顣
ҶҲ˿սת˲צѾץԼչǿĹƣԵֵ񵤻ֶΣ
¾ɽѪɱħУ̤ͼױʮսȻϹâţħǳȵɱΧ֮˲һս
âɱ棬ּǿĹֶͬʱչѹķצȥ
ͣ¡¡飡
ɱƣ˾צ֮µĻ飬ҵ˺ɨգۿҪȴ鵽һ𣬹̾Ϣ׻Ȼɣǳ澫һɱ貵ĵâȻͬʱ¾ɽݺݵײڷצϣ
צײڵ֮ϣ¾ɽâצֱӱըѪ⣬ɫĽֺͷѿ飬צʵϡá
һצ֮¾ɽĽâƲ˥ҶΣֱӺ˲񷣬ԶԶȥȻһ貵ĹϬǿ
䣡
ʮս֮£ǳâ죬ֱĵ֮Уٴηһһ죬󣬻֮Ȼķİ֮ڣ
ͬʱ𣬷Ѫϡﻩ׹һѪһ㣬ֻѪ׹֮ʱɢ·һ㡣
ոն·ص֮Ҳ֮ʧˣؼȵϢһȥָҶһץȻץסһ𣬾Ө͸ϻƣɫëʮֻոֲƬ̣ɢȻëѪģ»û֮Ƿ䣡

˵һҶʵ̫̬ˣ̧֮侹Ȼܹ˻Ȼ񵤻ɣȴû˲Ҳɻƶɣ
ȻվϵĲ࣬ҶԲǞһǿߵĶ֣˵񾳵ĸһ֣Ҷ㽫ûκλء
񵤻磬ö񵤸ǳ˵м֮ã񵤴¯У¯¾þòɢһ˿˵ĲлѱʶʧʣµĲһĨִʵΪʮ죬ҶһսȡϷ磡
㾹ңﱩŭͻȻ֮䣬ӿŰأ֮ؾԻΪһƬＱתһȵĻȻ
ҶĿԼԼ룬ڷڣĻŰŴأմȾ˲Ϊһʬǣ
һ̣һµĻĲŵĶҶ㡣
Ҫ㣬Ҫ㣡Ҷû˿η壬һӣѪɱħУΪһ޴ƥĵâŽĻնɱȥ
ޱȣɱڣһ˿ҵӿɱʵʣ޼᲻ݡ
ķȻһ䣬ȻڳһĨ̫ââҶɫ˲üΪѿ̫âɱʱ򣬾ͻը
쵰Ҷɫ䣬Ҫջس谭סɱѾˣɱУԽԽŨվȻһɫԲͻһ
¡¡¡¡飡飡
һɲرɫɱ̫â֮ɲǣ˲䱬һ죬նϾȻһĨ˭˵Ĳл걻룬ʣһĨ˵ִҲΪȻ˿̾Ȼ߶̫âֿɱ
Сӿ㣡Ҷ㣬ħҲһû뵽ռ״̬̫â˵ֻܴ߷һ˿һ˿ҶѾ㹻
ҶУⱬըڞǿߵľһըҶЩѿʶٶѺ۸֣ٶĹâһҲҺзٶ򣬷Ҷ궨ȻѾըѿɱڴ˵ˣ
һɲѾܵĿ£־ͣʶɣзٶ򣬷ֻҪһ£ͻᱻн飬֮ٶȻת
Ȼڵϣ˸ź⣬һһ㣬Ȼƺʶڵķٶ϶ΪһĳΪһ𶦣
һ̣۶ôµϣ߽⣬ڸҶɦնҲ¶һĨ⣬ʱҶһֻڹڹ꣬޴졣
һ𶦣޿ƣҶоʮ⣬ܵһ˵⾳һܹһ죬һɳ⾳
ԼԼһеһУֹͨĸоٶâʢ뵽ϧٶһҵõķٶȱȫǱ򣬶Ȼܹһɳ죬շпܣ



һٶʮ ܷ
һҶѾ֣еķٶǲȱȫģβ²⣬ٶಿ֣пܻڼǵͨڣ
ٶΪŽһ湦ҲΪջ𣬱սǿޱȣԽɱУΣͷٶ𵽾Եã֣ܹõٶȫпܰշһ죡
вᶨ֮ͨʱȻҪһ⣬Ѱٶȫ
̾Ϣħֻоһշǰ˱ϹսǿߣҲ˵㻰˵ϲȱһĹֻȴûܹȹ
ڼʶҶǿ֮ΪҶںָоˣпܳԽǰˣһŽ񻰣
Ҷɶǻĳâϣ֮ȥ˿̻ɫΪѿŰ񹥻
ܹرɽǿ߸޼᲻ݣֻһȴ˼鷳
Ҷ㽻һ֮󣬹ŽɢȥҶ㲻ɽû˺ֺⲻûΪŭ
䣡
ڿһȦȻһӣȻ£ҶƤһȴһ˿Ϣ˺һϣ
һɲеǿҵΣУǺ¯ȼ棬ġƺԴԷˣԴ̫֮֮
Ƿӣţ񵤹Ȼͷ󣬾Ȼܹûӣ걻ɱķ˼пŷӣ˾˵һʥ񼶵ıӣȻɣ
ϢܲˣټһĻ۾Ѫ۾Ȼʧˣ֮죬ԡһ£һ˿Ѫʶϣ
⣬ôܡ̰֮Ķʱö񵤲ܹ˵ģûдˣõǻǸõûã
֪ɱķ˵ΪΣƤһӾȻȻ£޹˼Ҷ㣬ͷ£
һɲϵġȻתһ˿ʱ֮˳ǰȻҶսǱѰҲûκλֵء
ˣûо֮⣬˫ͫ˸žâӲûг֣һж񵤻ûӰǵļ̵һ֣޼᲻ݣ
ˣ
Ҷ㶯ˣȻվâţٶ·ͶһѪɱħѪâ˸նȥһʺĹâɱɣһ㣬ڷ֮ϣ
΢΢Ȼѹ£Ťһ⣬飬ȻҶĵâһһ·ȡ֮һɱ죬ͣĺڷ֮УӹâԽԽƺбԤס
໣һתһŻɣһ˿̫âᣬӻɣһҶĵ⡣
˾ȵǣҶ㾹Ȼ·ӣâɽɱʵʣεĺڷϣը죬㽫ը÷顣
һ̣ﻯɵķץסᣬӵȻʹʮ̫â죬ɱҶֲӳûͷ£
﷢һ죬ӷתƺҪҶ
ˣҶ군ˣ˾ϧܹ񵤻Ļｻս֮ãռϷ磬ȴӢĩգʧַܣ
ľ֣ش֮ķͷʵ̫ʢˣ춼ȥˣ˵˻¶ĽʺޣҶʵǿ󣬲һܹġ
ۿ̫âͷ˺Ҷ㣬Ȼײ壬ٿգڣһɫĹâɣ̫âһһ𣬺ݺҶϣըһɡ
ҶɶȻ
ͷȻУȫסκκĻ棬ԱȥתɾľԪҶĵܵȤһĻҶǲһĨЦݣڷ֮С
໡پ˻ģһ߿ķɫĻâһӳ֮ڡ
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֮ڶһɹɻǵضһǿҵΣϮһҶȻ۾һһȭͷķٶӰС
ٶת˼£ƺ̧֮䣬ƣ÷ӵĵĶû˿ֹͣٶӰȻ죡
£
ڶȵľԪ֮£ǿʵϣ͡ǽڵһ͵ڶ֮䣬Ҳǵڶгһ͡ȻԷ
ӵĿռȻ飬೤Ȼֹưһһֹͣ˶¶֮ɫŷӴڲƣشһУҪֱɾ죬ȥɲǣ
ܵ𣿡ҶȴӺ洫Ȼը֮УһֻͻȻ֣һץסĲӣסͬʱֺֻݺݵĴ䣡
㲻Ҫپ˻ȴסһ˿ִҲɢȥһâãȻ£һ˿һĻᣬòһħһҶ㣬ɫȻ
໣
ﱻҶһģһУ˲һ𽥱СվȻһȭͷСҩ衣
ϻƣԡڻһУҩﾹȻ

ǿҲǵնȹ˵Ҷ𣿡
ȻҿĿãķ˽֮ǰҪΰҪ£Ҫһɳˣ
٣˵ȹ˵ﶼ⵽䣬һǿҲӲԶ޷죡
Ҳյ񵤣һ˭˵׼أ쾳ǿԣҶдˣƲ׺ǰֱԲ䣬˵Ҷ㲻䣬ٺ٣Ǭ½ҪˣǬʮʣѾнʮûж˰ɣҲҶĳ֣ȷ֡
У˵Щʲôã㿴˼Ҷ񵤣ǳ֡
ͣͣͣ˵ʶ㣬ҿûҪԼȥɱң
ᵽ񵤣˲˱ܣλһǿҲǵսľҶУӳԼϣȻȫˣΪ֮ƴǲֵ

ҶɨһȦˣԦŰͼԶȥ֮˦Щ֪֮ˣѰһɽ̷ҩ
һˣԽԽ죬м˲ĵ׷ں棬Ҳ׾ٵ˦ˣ˳֣ɽһ죬ȷû˸ʱ򣬽һΪεɽ
ϥеĻƵ񵤣һ˱ǵҩ㴫Ҷľ֮һУһ̣һֻԡ˶ȻɣҶͷ



һٶʮ 
񵤻ҶãһɵⵤҩΪչϣãҶ̷£һɾĻԪӿ
ںâһ汼ӿ׳󣬴˿̾Ȼ͵ӤȭͷСҶһ֮²ϲ֮ĵѿٴһƬϸҶ
һɹɾԪͽͼΪһܻϴ񣬵⸡֣øԲϾˣҶԸ֮ܵǰӾǾϵľ޴ͻƣ
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ϻӿҶĿһ֮ѾߴϵɣһԲһĳνγɣҶ㲻һ
ߴһһ
ȻϳԲУŵߴɵɲǣȻһĳΣ·ǸרԤһ㣡
ۣ
һ̣ҩӿһ죬ߴȻγɣһɲߴϹҫĿɽϼ֮С
𶯣ûҶ壬һ£ߴ֮У΢΢⻪ȻţҶĿɿڴ֮Уʹ֮ĵѿԲ֮ϡ
аСʱ黯һɫԲ룬ߴϹ⻪ͬʱҫһ㣬У֮ĵѿǲԲϣ
Բ̣ǻŴ֮ġ
û뵽㣬ϣʹ֮Ϊһ壬ҲܴʰɣҶ㳤̾ҩ;ƽ𵤽ӳѪ⣬뾭
һȦһȦתʮ죬ҩ⣬ʱҶ֮£Ȼ徧Ө͸ɫѪܺˣųɫѪҺһ˱ǵҩ
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һһէģʥѪ˵ʵѪҺʥѪҶ㵹һʥѪȻţʥѪʥҩһʥѪӳһŻ׹ǵĿЧã
ֻܹӵʥѪ˲࣬౻ǿȦרΪ崹ǿṩѪҺȻҲһЩӵʥѪǿߣǵΪͨسǧһۣΪ޵һǿߣһλеĵһλͳһµĵۣӵʥѪ
һˣҶҲüʥѪҲ͵ڲ֮أԿСǿصҲ޸
֮ʶһǳص⣬һ¶ؽ׷ûһܷǿǣ
ûоʵ֮ǰҶȻ¶мᶨͬʱҲӼᶨͨ۷ġ
Ƭ̣ƽ˼飬ֽ߾߿˳Ĺ˵ѪϮһߣʣ߾ߣʱī࣬һ߾Ϊã
ĿĿѪϣ߿ܵıһŮˣһ׵ŮˣȻȴĹ˵ϣƳһ߲вŮĿܡ
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ҶĶͷǺˮܵľɲһ׵飬ҪԪʱյļΪ׼Σεĳɹġ
Ϊܵ徭ϡҩĴӲһСľͻƻܵڲ֯ʹǿȾʧڱҶ뾫֮󣬻ָΣһɸ֮ζ
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īӵѪâƣ⻪壬ȻҵĲҶ㲻üͷ⾫ȻǱѪȴܲס
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Сʱͷ󺹵Ҷͣ¶ѪϿգƶȻһ䣬һ˿׽ĸоѪϡ
ҶĵͷͭϿѪΪҲȥټҶ´ѪĵطԸ죬ʹڵѪȻһ¡
գҲһ㣬޾׵ıʸʤһٷĴ
ߣͣߣͣߡҶ߶˿ʹϲѣȻָɽڵľʯµɱ
䣡
һ죬Ѫǰ̤˼һģݺݵĽǿʯ飬֮վҶһԲһ㡣
Ҳ츳Ҷ˷ܵĿܣĻϲ˼૵ԺͽСţԣ
ǰˮӣΪҪȥǸ򣿡һεһϮ£棬ʱ׷һӣλŮӶ쵰ü䣬̣ͦϢӺݻʣֱӣ֮̾
ȥʲô޹أҾ㣬ңᣡŮȻȤȫޣתԵһֻСߣС
ι㲻ǰˣˮӱǿ߸ռˣ˵ؼңң۹ǿ߾ҿﻹǻͷĺãӸ٣Ƥ˵
ŮÿҲѾʮˣô˦Ҳ˦ʱһҪҵ磬û˼ֹӸ
ֻ⹫ӸƢõĲˣĻŭЦӭֻһ֣Ǿǡ
Զ㣡ӺԪĵϾҪһ㣬վһֻɰСӷŭˮĴ۾һ˿ŭ͵һֻצ
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һһûһתͷߣѹû⹫ӸһĨ壬˫ֲͣĲһİŮǰ裬Ǻεûӵ飡
ôҪѵСòһĨϷʣص
ʱˢˢˢͻȻʮɫӰǵĿезתƺһ£Ҫðһһޡ
˿̣ȴûһ˿£Ц֮Ũ񣬶ǹӸѵĵķʽ𣿡
ߣսҼүǴ󲻾ҼүڣһȿڣðӲһ
΢΢һЩΪҲʮһߣߵĸʮǿߣóαװôã԰ɱ֮ȻΪͨ
󲻾ߣʲôЦүС㿴ķѵܽѵɣүǸѣ
㣡ǰ¹Ӹɫޱ䣬˵Ƿʱ˿̣һԸϲŮӾȻ˵Ƿ
ѾͷҼүĸ֣㾹Ȼĸƣ輰ҼүӴŭŤתУͷȻҴүѵˣ¾



һٶʮ Χ
ȻʮЩη壬Է۸ͷˣֲҵ
ūţѵҪƵ𣿡ͻȻŭˣһɽУâ˸ǺƤһ
аզ࣬ŮӵͷСΣүǱ谮Сӣǧ谮һȻΪˣܵЩ䣬ֻҪҵڤݣȻһɳ죬ʶǬʮʣ
ԶԷֻֽϻԽλҲңתͷүүָʾֻͷſԳ֣
ӸĿ޹СͲһ뵽Ļͨ죬ҧŰĵˣңȻңӻ۹ĵϵǵʥϣȻҿңҪɱˣҪҪڵңˣˣˡ
ҪˣԴΪ֮󣬱㷢˿ĿⶼˣûأóЦϷŪЩūŶұﳰЦ
۰Լĸףıά̬ȣϳУˣҲûеĵλ
һУҪȫҪɱ磬̫ӵĵλᶨǰĹʱ򣬸ͻȻټ¸Ȩٴθϣ
Ȼϣٵʱ򣬺³˫ǡɿһһۣƤһŮӵĺ棬ͬУǣ˸ʹĲλ
ӻ۹δĻʵۣʲôȨңʲôȨܿѾĸ֣Ȼҿңˣ
ţ䣬һ˿ϣʱ򣬾ȻһŮӣһԸϲŮӺݺݵĲڽ£
Ҫɱˣ
һ̣ЦſŰӣµֻƨɱǸŮ׽ģңҳԸɵģҲȣ
Щз˹ӳñ񼡣ׯʥ࣬˵Ƕ࿴һۣʮǶ⣡
ӵ֮⾹Ȼǣ֮Ҳһ׷
ߣڰĳ¶ˣôװǫǫˣЦѾνĹӲǸ̬ļһϲԼĹǿӵ˵ϣϲʩģԼ׬ģ
ˣ죡ǹɫ࣬ݺݵ߬ȭͷ޲һȭڰӵϣ˺ͣ
ɫһףŭɽȻתСһ𣬺Ȼ֣һɫĹâ
ŭӣĹĵظͣһ˲һˮϳȻһ̣ӱŭ֣
ʱܹǰ˻ңû˸񣬶ʱŭѣֻۡһ죬ɽĽâȻǺ˻ûзӦͱ飡
Ѫ׷£Ѫһ㣬ѩɫĳȹϣһ˿ԸУǹĿЩ̰ͣĿ˼ۡ
ﹷūţ˪ŭ⣬һһ¾˵ļƣ
һСɶݣֺ飬գ֮䣬£ǿߣ
λҲͨˣЦȻתĳ֣һ˵һͰӵɽһ
ޡСɫһ䣬æʾҪȥ֮ʱȻֽʮѾΧС˲ŭâţĥһ㣬ͣ£
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ཻһɾԪӿͬʱˣ¶â챬սʮսȻǱһǿΪ

ǱŽȻһһ˿ѪǣֻǺЦСӣҼүֵܶϧģ
Ӽŭһķӡ˳ĹâţӺںͷϣһ˿ѪŽ㽫Դư
ߣСӵǸСֵܾϲСŭϵĵâȣӻˡ
ԸСֵܸϲƤޣСӣôװ۵ƤӳϣȻһ㣬۷⣬Խ˵Խɫͨ죬
ˣ
ӼŭģȻһѪȻ֪Է˵Ǻ˫ĵ۾ͣɨ壬·Ҫ͸·ܿһ㣡
Ƥһװ۵ģϺͣûôƤ
ȻһɲЦеĵлɵ⣬ͣն䣬ڰӵϣѪȾ£±ƵĿӣֵ¶ļ
ץסû뵽˲úãҲϣһеץסǹЦ
죬ǹҲ۷⣬ţӱһɽһһеĺ죡
Ǻ챾ǴǣӴŭ䷲ʱ򣬲ͷԣ뷨ԽԽа
ɣ
ֻȴŮӸңֻһ˿߸һȻһеһ⣬ɫ׵£
ɫһ䣬âףûԼһ˿·񣬲һܵأ֮£йâۣϣ
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壬ɫ䣬ֻۡһһɾʹϾʮ۷ǿߣʶõɲǣȻĳһƣμٺˣ
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еĵоȻâ飬ٶȿ죬˿ľǵԼˣʶĿ˿ڣֻǰѪģһһӣͱǽˣаݣ
ȻһɲڰŵɲǣһкȻӵص˳ٶȿҽǶȵ꣬ɱ֮Ϊ죡
ãû뵽ﱻʶҪܣȻǵпѾɱɽӭĹâֹǵеɱ
ѽСŭиģҪúչǣȴΣգҪԮʱӰһ֣Ķס
һɲӵ¶һĨԺиһͦεӰ¶һĨ޵Ц⣬૵ҶȻá
ɣɣȥɣǹɫŰϾҪ¶Ъ˹ص˷ܣ
һ̣бͻȻһӰӰŭҧгݣƺҪ˷ʬһ㣬Ӱӿ׵磡



һٶʮ 
һɲӾȻ¶һ˿ѵõЦ⣬Ǹҹ˼ӰڳˣȻȴҪˣҲɣһ̣ļӿƺ˺ܶ顭
ۣ
û˿ֹͣƹӵķķݺݵ࣬ûһ˿ͣͣϮ߾Ȼ¶һĨ̵ЦݣѪŽԼϣϾҪʹȥַأּȵ˷ܣ
ҪӰŭο׵磬գ֮ӵǰһħݺݵϮߵĺ󱳣
ȥħɱʵʣݺݵƿķ룬һһѪݺݵӰǷһ㣬ȵɱӿԷ壬âݹ࣬Ӱ룡
ץŵеֱ£ͷ­ٴαնϣӰͣħֺɱ⾹ȻϮΪ⽴ѪƮ
μۣסҪµĿˣоʹӵѪʣӰ¶һĨЦ⣬ָҪգ
Բ𣬶Բ𣬱ˣһžľԪӿӵ壬޸ơ
Ҷ㣬ƺû֮󣬱㳯·ϣץһ˿ϢԼæ·ȴ뿴һĻŭģ
ǰӾǱӣĹֿ֮СշתҲ뿪ĹʱĹϢ֪ҶǰǽȺҶ㣬ȴû뵽ǸӸ磬ѫٰŸˮӵķ
һŸȴû뵽ټʱ򣬱
㲻ߣԲ㣬ûչ˺㣬ƣҵĴҶʮּʶ£˭˵ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
硭磬ҪԼǱ󣬲Ҫڱ𴦣һʶĵطӵЩҶ㾫Ԫ֧ţѾɥȪ
ûµģڣҲµģ죬Ҳܴ㣡Ҷ˵ᶨۿѫǸףѫɭȻӣ뵽ɱ˵ӣһ䣡
ûоİ취ҲҪҶ˷ħһıסӣ
ʥѪһ̣ħȻҶȻԼѪҺܹ׹ǣϲæ󣬰ѪӵĿС
ҶʹУʥѪʱ򣬱ӲȻһЦʥѪҲ޷ȻȻţһĨȻİɫžȻڳ
Ҷһӻ񣬱ˣȻˣŹžĻǣ
Ĺգһǻ񷣬ǱӵЦڿжţȼһˡ
һ̣ĺٴ죬룬һӢ۵޸裬ӵƺûʶЩɻĿűӣ֮Ҫɢ
ҶıűӣԱıˣһѩ˫ޣʮֻ꣬ʮҶ㾹Ȼް߰ף
һҹͷˣ
ԲˣҲ㵥һ˳ܻصǰһ뿪ңܵһ˿һί
Ȼ£ѾΪһʬıӣ֣һǸŵıӣҪȡһΪĸ磬֮ӵһĶϵϡ
磬硭ĽеʮУ·׸磬ǣҶ֪ûиӴٿֻ֣б׷ɱϮ޾ѡ
ȻȴûҲԹֵúһ۶ôѣ˭ں׷ɱһĸҶ࣬Ҷһůĸ塣
ԲҵĴԲ𡭡
һŻʲô壡ҵʲô壡ԼöˣҶ㣬ǸҶ㶸Ȼ쳤Х֮ڣԶЩֻо˫ȹǦܵûУ
ûãԼļ˶ˣŭ죬һ̣ǿתͷһɿµĲƬֻ֣һ죬Ȼ飬Ȼըѿ
һеһУɸΪֻأǰ۸ˣҶҪ壡ǸᣡҪǸᣡҶɭȻԼԼΪʲô̰ͼһŷȴٵ˱ӵ
Щ۸Ҷˣؼңңк۾۹ˣҪΪᣡ
Ѫ䣬ҶҲᵽʹĸоȻʹϢˣĳŵϣͨͨȥˣһǿḡУ΢΢һѱӵĻУصı
תĿ⿴ѫʮˣ
ʵϣǲߣСŭ˸סǵȥ·ȻҶ˺ѷεӣԣֻоҶ㣬ĹѾĿֲܹȹ˵ĳţˣǵãѵк³
ʱͻȻԱ˵Щʱֽŷ岻ͣĲͷսȻһ̣ҶĿͶ
ɱӿ֣һӿȻȫ֣
ɱңңү޹أһ˿Ҷħ˹ʱڵϣڲԡ
ûӵùľ壡ȫҶģһʹߣۡһǶѣȻһɱӿһֱ۱߸ߵ
㣬ħ
ҶЦħٴն䣬һֱۺն䣬Ӷħ裬Ǻ˵ĲҺڶһƬƬѪⱻзִ磬ֻʹȴ
ĲҽĺֽŷѾ׿ףڵأǺ˵ÿһʹУ̴ǵ񾭣
̫ˣȻݣݺһʣͷ
пַ˱û˸ҿﴹĺˣ˰СʱǺʹȴûκļѪѾûУֻʣһ߹Ǽͷ­
ͣ
ˣҲᱣǳϿ̷˿̵ҶһӣʲôҲˣֻѪȵַնɱЩȡõף
ѽСȻסҶ㣬Сצָ˺ѽѽȻһѣҶɫޱ䣬С۾Ѿ׽ŷĻ棬ҲϤðĻӣΪЩŵ±Ӳ˺ĳ֣˿ӣ
ҵĴˣȻǻʹĺˣҶת壬˹Ĳڳ
Ĳң㲻ҪҪ



һʮ Ҷı
㣬㲻ҪֱոձƵñͶ·ڣϾҪ·ߡгްûڣΪʲôҪΪǸŮӣΪʲôҪ˵ô಻Ļ
Ҷ߹ϵĲħƺϾҪ·ٿħһѪͫȻὫԼʬΣһǺ˻ҪңҲô죡
㾹ȻԱԻѵҼұȻĪ£ҶħںĲϣص
ұģҪɱɱҰɣãڵϣҶӣȻܷŹǣֿɫҰ׾ʧѫε̾һΨļһ
ȻҶܹ壬һ۹ǿߵǶȹ˵Σֵܹ쾳ǿߵĹ
̰ļڱһŭ֮£ᾡ¾Ҳûаӵó۹׷ɱ
Ҷüëһû뵽һͷȻһ˿ӲѾȥΨǵѪ죡
һɲĶ߾ȻһĪţҽԪע㣬ɱǸСӣ
Ϊ仰λһֱڰǿǰڣ֣֮˽Ҷ㡣
һžľԪע룬һ㶣ϲ۹һλŞһǿΪܰңټʮΪɱ쵰Сӣ
٣ȫҪȻʱҶ㾹Ȼ¶һĨЦݣȻ֣ħâƿķһʣ
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һɲƶȻһ䣬ҶЩȣȻתȥڵתһȦܹҶѪɱħ
Ҷһ㶣ڼη£⺫Ȼܿĵ棬ǹƣȻОһôܣ
Ŀɨ⣬ȴûзκα仯ѫһ־壬˫ȲͣʺѾʧζѫȻֻһĲ
𣿡
һɻĿҶһۣŵӰûаѣǶ㿪һҲڲͣĲ
ѵ֪ˣ£йڴˣСıҲҪٴΣҪ£ĬǣǸͬ״֮ȥֿµη֮УûеԿȻҶȴһȻиǿڴ˵أ
Ǹǿ֮һˣԥħâȻɱһɱӿʧɫҶĻ־壬һۼǿɱʵʣ΢ԥٺˣײ
λ񾳵ǿ¶һĨʧһǾһ𣬱ֽĴʱϧ̫ף˲硣
Сӣ֪˭Ҽү۹ӣǱ谮ĶӣǬɴ֮һѵҪԣη壬Щ
ҶɭȻһҶٶȳԽĸ֪ûмһ˵ٶܿ쵽ֵزλҲУ
ֻһ죬һʵʵɱʱһתͬʱɲǣȻը
䣡
ƺһڵľԪתͱݺݵ׷ɳȥһѪţسİȥһѪⱻ˺ѡ
ʹģֻоԪסһ㣬ݺݵ棬Ǿ壬ʱſ壬ǵӰҶ㣬ȻһѪ
ϣҪȴ֮ʱߴһһžԪڣƶȻת徹ȻҲķ˹ȥ
֪ΪΣҶ㾹ȻѪɱħƺǴŰɱȻһֻ̣¹âһٶȿ·ն
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ֿ쵽˼£ӶĺںϣԽԽݣ֣ͱʮƸˣ
ҵã˺ͣݶ飬ԴͷҺҶ΢ջһЩԽŽˡ
飡飡顭
Ҷٶ̫ˣոմƣƻȭͷ䡱Ĵ䣬ȵɱ壬ؿڣȲԱ򵽰ȥһŻ壬ض˾Ԫ˾ĵ
ãҪľ壬óҹҹˮ֮Уӹʲôƨ۹һ죬Ҫ̤ƽ۹ǻʵ۹յԴʢƺȣ
Ҷȭͷû˿֮ڶЩ˵ɫȫˣһ˰γҪأ
ĲҺޱȣǰ߶һЩС߾Էյҽʵ̫
˵Ӿʹ˵ΪֹҶȭͷźͺȥžž֮ȫ䣬ͱѪģԴͷһ㡣
飡һ죬ݺݵڵϣ澹Ȼȥ˰죬һǻһŸĵ˳ųѪģ͹һߣճĻ
ƺҪ˵ǵһ죬ѪĸˣҲ֪֪Ȥæͣô죬ͣ쳣ʺѪҺ֮Ѫ
һĻˣԵһҶʵ̫ĥˣֶʵ̫ˡЩɱĺˣǿ־壬дУǶħǵʹߣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻǸڰѾԼɱҲԼɵ⺫Ƿˣӹɡ
ҶóָֻţھˣҶٴζˣο쵽£ٴγںǰؾ壬ҪڣʱһʺѪлһƬƬƬ
飡飡顭
ҶĽ߳ʮ˽ţûһ˿ͣ٣ÿһŶΪ׼ȷںĿϣ۾ʱһ㣬һĲҽУ
ϮɱǶᣬһܾпĿѣ
ſɣһŤڵϷţÿһ£ڵʺѪлһЩ˵ֻɫ
춯صҺţѾЩԶһĻҲӽ˫ȣʶԼĵ
пᣬʵ̫ˣ
ǸڰĹһ£Ҷʵ̫ˣȻʮ˽˵ɲĿһȻֺع߸߹ȫ飬ϵ˿ڲűɲˡ
˾ȵǣѵľȻ˿˿ԪӿȻѾ޷ˣǣȴܹ첻⣡
Уһк֮Ҷ㣬ʵ̫ˣ˼Ȼʱס䱣ѣҪ۸ĳͷʹʹʵһݳޡ
쳣ĲҺѾͬʱѫķչȥƴ˻ƵĽе١үɱɱҡһ˿ϵĲʹ֮



һʮһ һ
ۡѫʵ̲סˣ޳ͬʱŻ²ֹʺŻµۻ֮У֮ͬʱͣˣҪǺԶ㡣
£ҲңһѵԣҲٲ𡭡
ҶǸħɱΰǰҪɱ籨𣬶ظ׵ĳ谮۹ĻʵۣС
¡ɱɱҡ㡭鴤˺ܾãѿڣɫŤѿϣĿӣһΣʧˣӷȴһ֡
ȻһЦŷ֣ԼƴӾȻһ޷תԹĿҶ㣬ĺҲŹ㡭
Ȱ⼸˵ҶЦţȻһָһָɱȥٴλĿϣ
ԭѾѪģػʹ²ͣĳ鴤ûˡ
ӵҶǣŵһҪŰɱЩʼٸߣûпֶΣڵǺӲ˼ҲԶԶ֮Ҷʵ̫࣡
Сε̾һҶ㽫еıйпܱʵ̫ˣΪӵȫԭ
㲻ҪҪûɱλģûɱţҡҶ㳯˹ڿ־еѫͣ䣬Ҷͬһ㣬ʱ־Ӱ
Ҷ㳯ǵ˹ȥЩ˵ᵽɤϣ˵飬ǵļҾ쾡۹һ£˵Ҷȥ壬۹Ļʵ۵һǵľ壡
ߣҶһɱ˺еıŰѾйһգ˿ֻڰǿߣٽǾɱ¾ҪűӣԸ
ǻڸʲô졭ѫȻֹͣһָƿն۵һǻ
죬ңʹϮѫһҪܣȻһɲҶоâͻȻһ
ǸҵڤΣַҲûãСѵǶȹ˵Ҷ㣬٣ǼǵˣǼҲʧˣżʱǿ⣬ڴҶļɱҶ㲻֮͢
𣿲о̫ԼӶסûŻ𣿡һɲһɭţǰһ貵Ļ棡
ֵĻ֮оȻһɱɱ֮оȻһâɫĹâҫۣһƬ֮Уͻأճ
һѤ֮ĵâɱݺᣬ׹һ㣬бﶸȻɴλ۹ʺ
һٶ֮죬Ƕ֮꣬ʱ֮׼һǾ֮󣬱ľһ
Ѿ㶨ѫ˵ⷬ˲䣬λͻתȥΪһʼ身֣ʹƲϵѫɱУ
λ񾳵һǿҲסˣûмôΣôĵĳ嶯۷һûκηӦʱ䡣
⾪һ˲һƞ֮ĵ
һǾԪתǻĴ߶սıŷʱյĶʮ־׼ֹ϶һɱ
ǣҶΪԶԿʮǿߣԞ񾳵ǿߣȴû˿أѵһܴ漣
֮ɱλһǿߣ
Ȼϣ߻ǲܹΪʵģϾĲҲ޷ֲģ
λ߹湩ͷһѾоֻҪˣֻҪֻȥܱܿ⾪һ㿪ɱһ
һԲһתոһֻţδصɲǣȻһ⣬һһɱĵ⣬ɱֲ
߹淢һŭڵâĶɲǣѾ˲һУԺʱµǱȻͻأĳŲһͬʱݺһȭС֮ϣľԪӵ֮ںȻ
һɲǣ߹ѾȫȻˣֻҪܻȥʧԪʲôΪ۹Ĺһֻ迪ڼɣ˻ϵŮ˿ãݻûйôܷԼ
ڵľԪһעȻһ⣬һ㳯Ҷ㼤ȥȶԷӳһ룡
ֻҪһӵĹ㹻ӳ죬ʱߣŪֱȡ
֮䣬Ѫͻֳֳ֣Ҷ㾹ȻȫȻܣ¶һĨ̵Цݣӭȥ
߹ͻأţעһѪâȻ㶼û㣬Ӳ£âѾɱЪ˹أ޷ܹ
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һƤһɻɫѪȻ䣬߹ȻڰգϱһѪڵϣͣͻأ۾йâʼɢѵĿڵ㡭ݡҡޡ¡ġ
ͨ
ݺݵĵ䣬΢΢һ߹ʱ촦ɴ۾˺⣬˺ԶչѫĽ£ͻأ˫Ķ
ѫһг
һɲһ֮Ӱվڵϣڷһ֮䣬Ҷ㴥˻˿Ӱչ֣һֻ֣ѪץУŵҶ㰲Ȼվ
ֻɱһǿʵ̫ѣҶ㶸ȻŻһѪ˿Ҳ˵Ĳᣬʱյʮ־׼һ촦ĽǸ߹棬Ҷ㣡

ҶǸݽɫܻɱһǿߣΪ֮µһҲΪ
ȻĻɱ˞һǿߣ۹ĳԹǽˣɱ۹ĹǴ
٣ɱΣҶһս֪жǲãɽǬɴ޵ĵһпܳ
ʲôܰɣãɽѾ겻ͽѵῴҶ㣿
ɱһǿߣ˵⻹˵Ƕ˵ĴڣֻҪһ겻ǰ;޿м᲻ģǻǵſˣǬɴ޿Ҫˣ
ǰû׼ĻᾪãɽһҶ㱻ãɽΪӣ۹ҲóưͿһûĸҺͲãɽа壡˴޵ҲУ

Щ˽ҶδѪɱħЩһ飬ҺڶҶħѫ˹ȥ
𣬱ɱҡ۹ӣֻҪ㲻ɱңҪʲôҶԸ㣬㡭ˣħηǵ۹һǿ߶˵أʲôɲģ
Ҷŵһ˹ȥδš
֣֣ıоȣħͻȻڣһҶɫһ䣬ʱȻͣסŲıסħʵξȣ˵Ҫôܾ



һʮ ̨
ҶҪնɱѫɲǣħȻҶһϲɫȻи֮
ֻ̨Ҫһ̨лḴıãħæڣҶһ㶣ԭϲ֮ʱȴþɥޱȡ
쾳ǿҲԡҶ֪ħ˼̨ĽҪٶԴΪ쾳ǿߴԪ·ߵʶ꣡Ȼ쾳ǿ߽پΣԲвɥȪȻҪһʥѪ·ߵ壬»
һеǰҪһöﵤסߵ壬ͬ˯һ㣡ֻ̨ߣ
ѾᵽСӵϾһöﵤֻҪҵԴһλ쾳ǿ֣߳ԸħҶǰȻһﵤʥѪ쾳ǿߣЩУֻһԴ̨ӣ
ҶȻ̧ͷѫȻһ飬ոմӹŹתһȦڿҶ۾ʱɫҰס
㣬ҪʲôѫҵˣǾɫȻȴɵӣһ˿뻳һУָ˵㣬ﵤҪɱң
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Ҷһ̽У򿪽УһöɫĲҩ棬ȴûһ˿ֿɬζ¶һĨϲЦݣﵤ
ȻʱԥǲǸþʹ˽Ϊһ˿ϣɱ¾֮ѾˣٿѫӣϵĶ˼֡
Сӣ㲻ɱʱħٶҶһ㶣ֻ˵Ҳ㲻۹ǿ˵Ҫ֪ϹžѾ۹ˣ
˵۹ϹžʹˣҶ㲻һé®ĻϹŹϹŻԻ͵ţԼʢ֮ʱҲҪ׳Ƴ
һǷǳǿĴڣȨߵһֻ֧ϹŲûг۹ֻһ壬죡ħĻҶ쳣𾪣ϹŴţĻۣжôµĵ̣
ں伮ôûмع
׷ԴҲǬɴ޵Ժεأ޴ӵ֪ˣǣҿȷѫϹҵĺᣬҵϵѪСӣҲ֪۵ļ壬жôĿ£˵ǿߣħǿ߾͵мʮλͨǿ߸ʤ
Ҷ㵹һħȫһľ磬Ȼемʮλּûǿ󵽺־أ
ѵĳԷ£Ҷɫ䣬˾ԲţĶߵĳŵǴԼΣ
٣˭˵ģλϵǳħ˵һ£˵ǿļһΪãڲ߽۹
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˽ΪϹ˽䣬ȴ֪ЩصĴô䣬ر飬ҲЩµĴ䣬ΪǰһѾ
ҼȣҲܼȣϾŮӺҶϵǳһĿűû临۹֪ԼΨһŮ䣬֪֮ŭ۹Σؽ췭ظ
ҶȻһϲȷڵʵ۹ǼʯͷǣܹٿѫأƳɿأ
һɲȻĿھЦųѫ˹ȥѫɫһ䣬ﵤѾˣҪɱң
Ŷѵﵤ͹۹ӵôҶɱ𣬳ĻųһĨЦݣȻЦѫȴɭȻޱȡ
ң֪Ҫλӣң֪ԴڣֻҪ㣬ŹңҾ͸㣡
Ҷһ٣Ȼü򵭵ʵ֪
ǣǡһɲҶ㶸ȻڲҺĺɱǣ֮У˱ĥ
СӣҡסΪҡģҾǡɡҲᡭš㣡ɲǣĺ˫ͻأĿȻҶȴ¶һĨЦݣץסĻǣ㸸ײңҲҪ壡
ѫֻоȻһָȻϮ֣
ҽ˷̶ѫڵϲͣѪעһʶҶӶĳ֣
ָΪָ֮ڱؽʹɢҶʵϣھԪ߶µָֻܷɱ˶ǣȻָ֣һƣͻѫ㣬ʹȻɢ
ҿԸԴڣΪβһ·ѫȻһЦңû뵽Ҷ㻹ǶˣյĿѣȺҪң
Χ֮вһҶǺ۹˺ˣһѫλ۹ڴ˵أ۹Ļʵ۾λӣڻʼӣҲɱҶ㣬ȫ壡
ȻѫĽͷ亹ֱðͬʱҶΪµĴڣǧҪۣۣ֮֮
٣ҶԱĳŵ۹ؽ𣡡ҶͻȻЦһѪɱħ΢΢Ȼƿնֻ۵һͶѫ࣡
һճѪҺ˳ʹ飬˿ΨһĸоָĹâһƣȻ飡
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ѫѪ⿪ʼ飬Һɱһ㣬﷢ٿ۹ѫͣĳ鴤Ѫעһ㣬գۼγһѪ
ˣһ죬һѪҲҪˣ
ҲʹĲǿٱҲһҲĽѣ
ڵϷ鴤ѫ̣ҶȴۿһУһ̣ҶǰҪɱţֶβ̣
ѫûĺ⣬Ŀ־壬ﵽ⣬޾Ŀ־壡
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Ҷ뿪֮˶ΪѫѾ֮󣬽ʬɽ֣һգת
һɲŷ֣һȻ׼Ĵļϣȴʹ˹ȥݵʧȥ˺
ѰҵҶ㣬ҲĴϻۣ֪Ҷ㱾ǳˮӵķȥȻᷴۻ԰·׷ѰһĹҵҶ㡣
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һˮӣͨڶıؾ֮·ôܳķѫӣƭңĪħļ
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ģĲƭ㣡үүүүүҰɣҽƣΪūҲĸԸѫʵܲҶڵϿͷ絷⡣
ҪǲţһӣǸϢģҼǵãӳʮֻϸС۾һͲǺˣ
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ˣһȥѰԴ˵ѣ³³ѫʶļнɲһ֣亹ֱʵ̫ˣ˾͵ۣ
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ڷԸСػӵʬ󣬻ħڱӵߣҶѫ뿪ɽˮӵķ˹ȥ
һգҶû˿ͣЪҪ̨ҵħоԴ
λ̨ȥˮѰȥʱһŵۣɷǣһǰˣӼԶ˹ӲСȴգ֮͵˵ǰ
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Сӣƻҵ⣬ʧҪҰһɣﻹаɷǵӣֱһƦ
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ѾĶԲҶ㷭һۣ鵹ǺȻڱѪ̶µĳ
СӿӲӣδһصӣҵˣ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ԴļһﾹȻˣһ˿Ҳûˣ˼ʲôԷһˣɱɾԲϱӣ
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һʮ ɱ˶ᱦ
壬ȪˮǼ׶СֶҲʮΣϣ岻Ҫ֣һǰ˵ľУһһߣҶڴˣȻϵóҧгݵԤͨϳ˸ǰŻߣϼˡ
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ƱһˣǡѰֲָᡷ֪ǰϲرڵڣ
˺ƶ˺ǰһȻûеҩȴõһƬľԺκĵر࿹ˡ
ʱˮڳǺһŷ֮ȥû뵽ʮ֮ãˮػһĹ򣬾ȻõȪˮı
Ȫˮ֮ΪʥҩҲΪ˵˽֮ˣһΣͣΪⶫ˵춼Ϊ
үȪˮҶ˹ͬã̧ڣĪ𣿡ƲõĵȻϼڴ½ϵؼΪ壬嶼Žúܣ˵һҲϵãһپ٣һ
Ҫ԰ռȪˮ˼Ҳ֪ؼȻ򲻵ѣʵڲԸؼҡ
Ǻǣ˵ģСֶ˼˸ϽЦȴһĨ΢ɲɱϽҼ岻ʣСֶСֶТģСֶȻĶ飡ʮϵֲʮؾĵҩСֶΣ
Ƶɫ΢ͻĬɲǣ㵹ǿԣүоĳʵ̫ȪˮŵϣȡһԣһҲ൱ڰɣ
ɫһ䣬ҧҧ忴ʲôܿڱǡ
ֻҪ㲻̫֣Ҳһôߣߣа롣
ŻƵӣƶɵĻƵԥһ£뵽ԼǼĶӣֻҪӵƵܲʮ֮ΪĴ
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üͷչŵһֲͨҩȻ¶һĨЦȻЩֲͨҩȴǼȱôֲҩٴٸʮǿҲ⣡
Ƕڰ˾Ͳˣʮ䣬ȴû뵽ȫһãҺȪˮβ
˽Ӷĳ嶯ǲӵԴ㶺ˣĵرҪЩûһǸԲУԲУ
Цˣʱ죬Ƕ˳ֵʱʲôҪ
ƵҶ˷ܣѾıԵҲŻƵܰƱϣһ磡
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ûаҶ۹·ϾҶΪ죬սͨ죬Ԟ񾳵ǿҲû˿취ֻͣʱٳɳ
ֻԼһˣнĸףΪǸѫţûг˺˫ƤŻء
ԣѫıΪ002Ϊĵڶ߿ܣһ۹ڲϸ
Сӣ˵ˣԴ㣬ɶҵģɲӿȪˮϸС۾ʴš
УƵҪˣȪˮ
УҵģӼҶҲһʱˣȪˮǺ⣬޼۵ĶôҶһЩԲУ
ȥȥȥҪһΣΣ㣬㿴ʮֲʮŵҩȫ㣬һ㲻ҪȪˮǱĺñҶȻ
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ʱͬʱһεʯͷһɾҶһ㶣üԴ̨ܹԴ
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壬ԴҲøСֶСֶȻļ룡ոջȪˮ鲻ռˡ
ԴдãٽˣƵĿôߵв죬Ȫˮļֵ鵤ҩǼҪҩֲ͸һ˳ˮ飬ֲΪ
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ѺۣǱϮҲƴȶԷ㹻ˡ
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Ŀһͷߺãڴ´εĺҲеһϢΪϼˣϾ˫£ˮӻ֮󣬶˵ҪȥûϢһɲǶ˻¼ɣȻЩȥĺá
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˱Ͼҵڶ֣ʮǿߣֻ֮У˫ǰģһɻֺľԪȥͬʱâţ۶˲γһµķ
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ͷϵľȻ飬΢һȻȵɱȴ總֮ңɫӰٶʵ̫ˣ˸ոķգһɱϮһεɱȻһԲ
˭˵ɴ۾ΪԷٶȳֻ֪µĹâһξ׷˹·Ĵһ㣡
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һ죬΢΢âȥ˴ʧɫԪ룬ע룬ûһ˿
ˣҷƵĵȻһ۶ˣ
ֽҲŷôܣ˷ƵĵȻգ֮ͱôܣ
٣ҶЦɭȻ˲һսŲƶ˹ϵĲǵħһ㣬ݺݵײ˵ͷ
һģϹŴܵһһλǿߵһۣ˭ܵôһۣ
ȻҶ֮ĺͽͼʩչ֮󣬻·𶼱һ㣡ҺԴĸоϮҶ㶨Ȼڴ˵أ
иڸ·ϣȰٶǰɥ֮գû˿仯ŵĽӵ
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ôҵǿ߾Ҫˣ˺ʲôҶϷʣԷּʵ̫ͼ
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Ҷһţݺݵ˵ϣһ̣һָоǾˬˬ˼㣬ˬеƾɢȥ
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ɫΪѿһѪĽӡӡϣѪŵݱŤ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡һֽУ˫ȭϣ貵ĹŤռ䣬ƺҪҶ顣
Ҷ̤ͼܹ⴩ռ䣬ٶޱȣһ̵ĹʧӰˡ
ģҶѾ˵˲ɱĲΪˣôĿ˵ӰӶˣб˼㣬̲סƿڴ
𣿡Ҷٶ𣬶̧ͷɲǣӭľȻҶĴţ
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ٶȳһӡʹ˳¶Ŀһ˿Ҳʧ֣ҶƿڴҲģҶ㣬ҪĽƤ
ҶӰٴθ֣һݺݵĲԴϣƿڴȻеͷϵľʹ岻Ȼĵȥ
ȻٶվʱȴҶӰжף
ҶүҪץˣһﵽôģгƣɱ˴磬ȹ˵ļһмȾ־㣬ϻʹܣŭ쳣ȴ޿κΣ
ôܣ㼫٣ٶôô죬ֻ֪һҶ㣬Ҷ㾹Ȼ˼٣
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ңûаʴȣҪпֶȥԱһĳޣڲջصϢ
Ϣ䣬Ҷٶʧԭأٶȿ׵磬Ϯȥ
һΣԲû裬¶һĨЦݣлż֮⣬ȻЦҾ֪㲻ʹ˰ֵģ
˵䣬ǵӰȻĻȥ嫵ַӳʮǿߵΪռ俪ʼŤ죬֪Ƕôŭ
ȻɱȥɲǣʱˣǵӰӸʵ壬ֻҶһӰͬʱоԲʹһ˫źݺݵĲԴϣ
ҪѪˣоʵ̫ˣԷֻһļһôʩΪ
ͷǧʧ֮ΪҶߣͷҪʱȴһֻŵ׳ǰٽӽ
顱һݺݵӡϣ
ûбջˣҶүεıϣȴɶ񣬱˵˻߿
ȻԽܵǣһβǵһţǽӶһţţšǵԼױ˶ٽˣֻоԴ£ѪҶĴӡڲͣ
飡
˵嵹ɳȥﲻͣŻѪͷһ
Ҷ㣬һҪɱ㣡
Ϊ٣Ҷٴθ֣˻ûзӦ֮ڶʮ˱Ҷڽ£֮ɭȻԸֱ졣
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ۣҶĽż˵ĵ֮ϣһ죬Ԫ糱ˮһйȥľԱȶϣ޵ؾԪڵ֮ɲǼ侫Ԫ⣡
ԭʮΪȥ˱ãȻĿһУ
Ҫɱ㣬һҶ㣬㲻Ҫţһɱ㣡˺ѷεŭţ廯һߣѪȾһƬݵء
ʱѾһˣһû˾Ԫڽضֻڴϣһ˶ܣ
⻰Ҳ֪˵˶ٱˣ㲻Ǹ߸ϵҶүڿˣҲδϵó㣡Ҷһ˵۾ʵհһżµĿ棬һȥ£һͷƵģҪĿһţ
˵һӱòҰףеŭ𱻿̹ǵĺȡ˵Ҷ٣Ǽ岻鵤ҩṩһ磡Ľз·Ǹ˵ɹһļģûһͨԼŬģûУ㻹մմϲһ߸ϵӣͺɱûЩƨӵ־ҪĹ
ġģ츳츳ͻȻʹӵһƴƴİڳ߸ϵӣһ˿ӣ
츳츳ǸʺûЩΪĵҩ츳иƨãҶ㲻м˵˱ʧǣ̱ڵϵӣĵͷ
ô٣Ϊ㻹ʲôʱҶֻ㣬ʱ𣿡
ҶĻ˶ô̶֣Ϊٵļ֣ȴǰĴ̶еһɲԱƣ˫ۿն
ۣȻһѪǵվЦҲǷЩҵģҵģŬģ츳츳Ҳǿ飬Ҳǡ
˵̲סʧʹȻҶ㳯˹ȥ˻δͣЦҶ˵츳ǿ棡
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ʵ̫ˣЩҵĻ䣬Կʱ˹̾һ
˳˳ˮѾҶЦʮֳ죬Ϊ֪˵ľѾˣҶ㳹׷ˣ˵緲һţܳŹһʱ漣
Ҷ㡭ҡҲᡭš㡭һɲȻѣ𷽲ŷ飬Ȼɴ۾˺Ͳʣĵ;飬ڻδ֮ʣԵȥ
ɹŵʱҶ㣬ɹҺΣҶЦˣʱҲƣ漴սƷ
ԴҶƿʼԴӸˣ
һ̣ǰƺ˱ӵӣǳǳЦݣƺڸҪȻ
ģһȻ㣡һҶмᶨ߬Դ
ιιӣ̫˰ɣһȪˮŻƵңӾȻսƷԼĴ䣬Ҷ㻢
㣬̫̫˰ɣǿʼ˵õģϸС۾˸ˣĿ⣬ͬʱ˴䣬Ҷһ
ǺãȥˣǸֲļһ㣡Ҷתߣɫˣ֪ǸֲˣǻøϷˣҪֲ֪ϵıزصضȷµģ
Ҷֵܣֵܣֵܣ˵ɲܰѸưɣҲˣ㲻ܲɣðɣðɣˣţ㣬ҵˣ
ʵ޿κ֮£ŰһȪˮŻƵóҪʹжʹҶ㲻Цӣ𣿡
Ҫǲں͸ң㻹ңӲû
Ҷ˳ˮӵķȥӻ䣬ĹħֿˣڱſħȻħҲڱ֮С
ʱˮӷӿ־ǿûɲȥǶͣĳˮӵķȥ
Сӣ̨ҪʥѪ𣿡ѵ
Ҷ΢΢ͷһ֣һƿУʧȴɴ۾ﾡ̰֮⡣
˵ӣɲҪʥѪ⣬ҶۣСҸƴҶɫһ䣬ҲɭǸӵΣͷĳ֣һд۽ɱ
үôûԣѾ̫ү˰ɣֵܵŮˣ⣬ѵҲ֪ҿ̫ˣ㾹Ȼң̫ʧˣŭѵ˲࣬Ҷһ
ǺǣҶɫͻЦȻֿڵΪ˲ҵľʧţʥѪòˣȫҵˣ
Ҷһ㶣ЦŵͷʥѪȡ壬Ҫж٣ֻ뱻˷ԼʥѪȡƿԱʱֻ衣
ǺãɲܷڰСĵʱҸıӿҶӦ˷ܵĵιСӣ̨׵ģħ쾳ǿߣҲδؿϳ֣Ҫ֪ǿʮΣյģ
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У顭㲻ʥѪΪ۰ɣ̳ͣȵ
ȻҶȴһЦش
ֱڶ磬ڸϵˮӵĸʱҶͻȻоһ˿Ϥĸо漴ϲɫ
ħǰҶһŲԶһɽ˹ȥʱɽһˣȻеһ˿΢Ȼ۾ȻҶ㳯¶һĨ΢Ц
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ں֮Ҷ˵⣬ͬʱ˵Լħ˺þãڵͷӦϾһƿʥѪĴʵ̫ˣһƿʥѪпܳɹ̨ͬʱܹΪ
ʥѪ̨ĶʮִķգҶȴŵһ飬һпܳΪܣǱ޵ߵ飬һΪܣ齻֤֮壿
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ˣȫһˣ۹ؽ飡
ҶһЦͬʱû˿ͣæűӲɽȥ
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ħʯ֮ǰԪƣһԪָͨģȻ̳һâƵ·;
Űٶᴿľһ̨С񾫣񲢲ѵãֻȽϴħС磬ֱóٶ
ҶĴᣬһͷųĿƣŰ׹⣬׹ƺһ˵ĺӣųųɨʯеˣ뾫Ԫ̳ɵ·ϡ
ۣ
Ѫ·ϾȻһѺۣѪ˳˽ȥҶһ㶣ֻӵĻ΢΢죬ȻʥѪɣδ˼תͷһĿҶ㡣
ȻҶҪʥѪ·ϵʱȴħֹٸˣҵľԪҪŲסˣ
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Ҫֶ̨룬·ɵһɲǣҶѾ׼ã
֣ħһȣҶһԴץ֮УһųɫĹâ֮ϣɲǼ䣬Ϲâš
ȻҲͬһʱ䣬ŭţɽڵ΢ʧˣĹĹâҲ֮ȥƬؼһҲҵ磡



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ӲȺɽһƬţһ޾ʯ֮ǰ
ħ﷢ɬѶԣʱֵĹĹâȻȥɽһԵѹָ˵ͷ
֣·˯Ѿõĵӿֳ
ҶĿצĶָᵯһ죬ӨɫĹâСǶ򷢳˺ѷεĺУֻ£һҷ
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̨ΪУñӵգϣ
ʼħҶɫһľԪӿȥʥѪ·̨Դ쾳ǿߵľԪʥѪһʮƽҵ̨Ҫɡ
һ̣žӵҲֹͣĶҶ㣬ƺԹһĨӵİ⣬֮䣬Ȼһ飡
һҪӵҶ㣬һ˼̨м˲ûע⵽ϸ΢
̤·;ϣԼ߹ȥӵ겻ͣĲƺϾҪһ
ˣͣźػӷҶ㿴һĻһʹҧҧһɵʣһԴǰ
أϰΧ֮ĿʼǿҵľԪӿҶѵķһ̣ӵֹͣ˲ħ¾ȵĹâͬʱʱҶйƤͨһ̱ڵϣѾоԪ˿˿Ѫ·;ķ֪֮Ȼ˼صˣһУΪ˼ʹ
ӵ¶һĨ֮⣬õ·ϣûɵһɡ
ˣ
ֻħһѾʧȡ֮ľȻһ̨ƣȻĹâۣ֮һգһգʱʱ֡
һɲһĹ֮Ȼħһ𣬷̨֮ʱһ˳ȴû뵽Ҫɹɲǣ䶸
Ĺ֮գ̶ֱХɽһ̣ң˵أĸоͷƤ飬һ˵ϢƺҪǣ
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ǹޣʹô˵ĴţƬǱߵɽп˲õʩ
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ǣ쾳ǿߵ
ʲô˵һε˼ûٸʶ̽⣬֪Щ쾳ϹҪʲô

žޱȵɽоȻּ㵭ĲҺɫΣգ֮䣬һιֳ̨︡˫ĿӿŲɫĻɭȻֲ
赲סСĽӵɵħѵһѪ̨Ѿ׶Σһ˿춯ᵼ̨ʧܣ
ڵУɲлɵ壬ǳǧԩǻ۶ɣΨʵĳǿļʱŻ֣
ֵɲǣɫһףεĿһ۱ӣ̨ͣ·Ҫһ㣡
鷳ˣħǰסˣҶ㼱һۣתıУ
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ʥѪرһ˿ѪʹһնĹ˸âƺһĨη塣
ϵѪΪýΪΪǷסⷽأ
ʵǿ󣬲նɱסɣؼĻǱӵĸħҶ΢΢ͷйâ趯
֫ϵĳͣϵɫĹעӿţҪضȥ
٣ˣҶɫҰףѪ߰ߣ֫ϱıᴩѪˮ棬һ̨֮У
һ̨̣ĹâȻҶϵﲻ̨ͣĹâ£ӳճҶһֲ԰׵Ĳ̬
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ֻһ죬ȻѶҶɫӲ԰ףҡҡ׹ħ״һҧ趯һԪӿ̨
Ҳû˿뱻˳עӵڣʹñӵɫԽԽ
ѪҺ¶һĨɻ󣬴˿ǽҪͷҲʡ
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ȻŨصϢڻصĿҶ㣬·Ҫһ̵Ҷ㣬ħºСżͷϣһнһ
𡭡Ŀת̤·;ϵıӵ꣬˵ɫһ䣬ڴʱһХ𣬵ڰ֮ϣȴֶȻ˻ҶȻһ
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䣡䣡䣡
һһ׽䣬߿֮ϵХƵϼʼ걻׵ನɨУԻ촷ۣ
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ͬʱ̨һâ֮ʱħ£ûӵڣͬʱ̨Ĺâţ



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һһ쳣£©ನ㽫ϼ뼸ɽƬɢкȻ飬
Ȼڽʮ˵֮󣬿µӿĺһ̨âȻűӵ壬
ҶҪ֣ȴħסЩӿӿ̨ڣƶ̨Ḷ̌Ӻܿ͸ˣ
Ҷ㲻ϲɫʱоȻһˮһգգ±תɲǣûп
䣡
׵֮ӿӿӵڣѾ̨ϣӿ˲䣬â΢΢
Ҷȭͷ˿˿亹һ˲˲ĶŲ񷣬˿ħ𣬡õģѾƷǰңӿҪתˣ
Ȼ˲ӣĽë΢΢һ£ֻ̨Ҳһ貵ĹâûӵڣҲҲټȻͱѾΪһ塣
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ңʶ𣿡һãȻ֮ɫҶиʹͼͣߣȴֲ֪οڡ
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콵ǰֹ֮ټ˲иŬȴܹɹѶ֮󣬿֪Ҫͨڶȹˮӣ
Ȼ콵ŲܼҲûܹȹˮӣ˵ʱʮְȫģֻа취ţܽڶ
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֬ѩһϤӰ001ؼҵĵһ׮
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ˣҪ콵ţֻˮӵһȦ֪ôȥˡҾΪˣټˣѣҿɲȥϢӵӰԽԽģʧС
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һʮ Ե
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ԣڴǿ֮ʱԾԪѪɣںǧʮֲҹֱλ;ƿݣľȫ
зһӵΪھܹ־磬Ҫʶ֮ʥҩȻԼĶΪ
ǿƿնʱ۷̰âؼҴС֬ѩҲ⣬һҪͻƞ񾳣ֻͨҪⷨ𵤣Ȼ⣡
ˮл÷𵤵űɫ̤ѥŷ𵤣ҡڵ˳ưʲ˿òʱ򣬲ɫһ䣬֬ѩƤҲȻݲһ㡣
٣ôѵȺҲҪɱ˶ᱦǸưЦҲվӿǸУҲٱүǻòͷˣ
˵ɭȻվںҶҲһս
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ӵΪȻʮ죬ʮӣȻսѾ޽ӽ񾳣ٿЦı飬һ֪ǸѲĽɫ
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һĻҶ㶸Ȼһ
ħָǬң
ɫҰףӷ¶һֲޱȣ䱬սԺ͞һǿ֬ѩֶΣҲ˵ʤܰɡ
Ǳɱߵͬսɸһѣ¶һĨЦݣħָٴγָ֣ۣۣۣ׹ǣ˵御ըĩƮƮվе¶һĨЦݣԵɭȻֲ
ߣǶߵ˽徻һĩһ򣬺޹˼ɵĺȺ֮С
˷׷˱ܣۼըѣҲûһ˸ҳ֣
ǬһңǬɴҲǺؼңĴŷᲢۣǬһӢ۱ǬҵһǬΪǬɴʮʵڰ˻ʣ
𿴵ڰ˻ʺ͵ʮ֬ѩβಢ󣬵ǣߵĲȴ֮𣬵ڰ˻ǬʮǰѾͨ죡
ǰ˽ʮ죬Ȼǵڰ˻ǬҶͷһתȻһǬĴ˵òǬһܵܣǬǬʥ̥ȴϽǣȴõڰ˻Ǭĳ谮ԺаԵ˸ǡ
ǬǬ𵤡Ҷ۾˸ŵ⡣
ߣиʮʵĸƨһСֹ֮˲ɫһ䣬Ǭɫ˲üΪѿ
ô㲻Ǭ̤ѥһ㣬գ۱㵽ߵǰһݺݵĴı
ɫһ䣬Ҫȴսʿס첲ֹסǬһŽһţͣߵؿڣ
ҲӾǾиʮʵĸ磬ôӾҪ㣡ֻġ
ǬȻԼĸаԵȴó˵£߾͵ùײǹϡ
Ҿǲб²ҪǼܡסңѪ˳ʳ쳣ʺ죬ȻѾ飡
ſʶôļһʶʶʲôߣ߸ձſʱǬһţһűɫĹâ

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ߺݺݵ߷ɳȥڰ֮ʱһ죬ҽȻֹԴȻըѣʣǻһ棬ճѪҵһĻͷûٸҿʬ塣
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Ҷüͷ΢壬Ǭʵ̫ԵһԲϱȡսʿסߣɱԷҲ׾٣
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֬ѩϸС檣ҵǿһߣӴⲻعôôˣѵΪӵȥԵʣǬЦذĶǰ̶
ǬĪΪԵΪˣһΪ£ʱʲôǣһ磡֬ѩɫʮѿ뵽ʮʣһһݺݵĿڣ
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ǬĿ¶һĨЦڵǾͰĴҿ浽û˽ر
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δ̫Ű˰ɣҶкâһţʵѵȫߣǬҰռˮӣ
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ҶһݣǬʮ߾񾳽һ֮ңƺʱ񾳵ĿܣԿʮǿߣ֮ȫһȼҪ֪Ϊȼ֮䣬ʧ֮֮ǧ
ϺƺͱôϹαЦݣĴָǬƨǬһȻҶľɫڸıˣȥ
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ҪΪ̽·ҶһŭǸаǵˣ˭űǬȣʮֲ죬ȻǬȻˮ̽·
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Ҷ㲢ûзŭһƽʵ֪յʲô𣿡
Сӣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣȥҵвһֱֻɵϣᣬ̾Ǽ۵ļһžȥǬԴƺҶˮӣҶ㼸ĸ
е뷨ĪȥʺǲҲңѵҸһƣ㻹Ҽ㣡ҶЦ˵
Сӣ̫ұһȴʶô٣ҾҪɱ㣡ǬŭգΪǬҵĶүСдǬţܹ裡
۸ˣ˭˵һֶ֣Σȫͽ˵ǰļһȻҺа壬ǲˡ
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Ҷȴ׾ٵץס֣û£ʼգ㶼裬аԵΪͨ˲ﲻǹƨ
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һˮӺ϶ޱȣ˶סԲ۾Ҷ㣬˭û뵽Ǭʮʵڰ˻ʵĵܾܵȻıȷɣ
ԣǱݺݵĴһƣ
֬ѩĿԲɣ֮ɫû뵽Ҷ㾹ȻôĵӣȻҳڰ˻ǬĵܵܣĻôſ񣬵ڰ˻ƨ
ǴסˣǬʮﶼһڣ˾Ȼݺݵĳ˷ǸаԵ޷ļһذ¶һĨ֮ɫαǬ裬û뵽гһվȻ׷ɱĶΪ
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Ǭʮףصڵ̰ʯϣҽг鰼ʯŪ߹ǣҺʷͬˣڽҪͷתԪҪһˣϳһѪɫӡͨޱȣһ˿ѪǣĨһǣĶҶ㣬Ŀ䣬ԵСӣҴңϾͻϣ
ΪǬҶүʮǿߣܹ裬ڴͥڣĿ֮£һգϢᴫĹգǬɴ޽ΪǬҶδ棡
ǬʮǬĵܵܺ˲𣿻Ǳһķ紫ǬҶپǶڸµ氡ҶŵЦ⣬˵ŻƣЦҲ棬ٺ٣ƤǽƵģֶˣ
ֳ裬ʮǿ߷οҪըˣޱ˵ıӣƫƫ˵ʵж֤һУҪǰٴĳ嶯б˼㡣
ŷһĻֱһĳ裬ҪһҪֳɭȻɱһҪɱ㣡
ͬʱһɣһʵ̫ˣһԼǬɰ˻ʵĵܵܣſɱߣռˮӵȵȾٶڳɨء
Ҷһʵ̫ˣȻʱȺȴһҶҶ㣡Ǹȹ˵Ҷ㣡
ʲô˵Ǹȹ˵Ҷ㣿ţ
û뵽ţΪƺ

ģӹ˭͸ڴ˵ذɣɣǬţתĸսʿŭ費ϣɱӾȡǵĹ
ĸսʿǬѡľӢߣÿ˵ΪңΪ嶩һף޼᲻ݣƣ˵ףͿ˵첻֮أ
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Ҫɱ㣡Ǭ̼ĿҪˣɱȻһԲ̨Ҷͺ˹ȥ
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ǬֱӡһѪɫӡߵѪӡӳ
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ڵཻ̨ɲǣҶսȻǬŭ֮£ˣͬʱԦŰͼٶȣһǬϣ

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Сӣһܣٽǣδ䣬Ǭ۷ɱ⣬ĸսʿһɫ
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ҺսʿѪ֮УǵԴȫս׹أǬ˵أ



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ߣǸЦϷ־һָʮ˿ߣٶȿ׵磬Ҷȥ

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ҶĿ磬Сʧȥķȥûһһ鵽ʧٵģڻǲǵϢ
ɫӿڲ·ʧȥɣƶѹ֡
ڰУʮԲ·۾Թ޵ĶҶ㣬ƺҪɣ
ǡŲͨѵ⹬˴ڣҶһСʧٵĵطȻһ˿ͨϢϢȻŲͨ
ͷעԲܵĸоԲйŹ֣Բʮɿ⣬ɺɫʯҶɣŨУֿеĸо
һɲɣĸоһʷӣȻԲͷħ˵Բ˽ʮʷ
ŲͨСҲʮǿߣôܱŲͨתߣһ̣Ȼץסһ˿֮ƺǰ
Ҷǰһһӡ˳ȥŨŨԲǰһ̣𵤵ҩȻɢ澭躡֮С
һһ磬һľһһһãһҶһһɰһ֣һһһЦһԵһһ徻
ҶͻȻֻоһԲ֮Упһ磬·簵İ壬ƺǴ˵еǬͨ
һ̣ҶԪĵĵһпһʮƽ׵磬ȫڿʣɵľԪһ
𵤲ҩתɾԪҶľڣóӯ
վԲ֮£һ˿ǬͨӰӣųɹ죬սԼαսȻԺʮǿףǳ汦ʮµǿߣܹ͞񾳵ǿ棡
һϸ΢Ҷ˷ܣľһĿȥȻԲȻˮ
ĪʮԲ޳żͻƣҪң˿ˮҶţĿͣŨĿֻܿĸԲʮԲŨڵʲôҲ
ߣģʱһϤʣҶһ飬æԪת˫Ŀϣ͸
ĿľȻһζԲ
Բôڶ
Ҷ㶼Լ۾ĿԲڶһֹĸоͷ
Բһӣһţ¶һĨʹ֮ɫѩ׵Ѫ߰ߣ·滮ƣ¶Ĩϸļ
ôʲôҶһԥ֮ʱֻŮ߸ڴˣ
ϹӣþòˡҶЦ˹ϹЩøеģϾˮӣ
Ҷ㣿ôϹɴ۾˲֮ɫЩεЦЦϲ㣬ɹȹ˴˵󣬻ȹ˽ͼΪƺǿϲɺأ
˺䣬ʱϹɫӲ԰ףŸƺܵ˼˺
ӣҿ㸹ħѪˣƽĵҩ߾Ԫ޷ʹϣаƿʥѪԻ׹ǣܰϸƣȷ°ɡҶһ£һɫСƿݸϹпЦֻһݣǾ
ĸؾûһЩҩ֮ģƷһߣҲ֧Լͻƣһ磬е߳£㽻ѣЩҪԼҵ׵ı
ҶһףһЩʥѪǳԼϣҡҡͷһЩԼĲƸϾҪﱸʮҪĵҩɲǸСĿûУԼŬ֪Ҫʲôʱܽ룡
ϵİΣܾʮ֮ҵ㲢Ұȫ뿪ʤһЩЩɲ㡣
Ϲڶ֮Ҳÿ˶ԼܣûжʣӹʥѪ̷֮ɫԵĺתǸ˿ڹȻ
лϹԥһ£˵Ҳܰ׳飬һöֻصͻʮ֮ǰɽڲеõһϨĵػ֮ģһ㣬ǳ׳顣
Ϲ˵ʮּѣѾ࣬Ͼ֮ɫ˵ѾݳֻصϨĵػ֮ġ
Ҷɫһϲֻصжţÿڳʮ֮ʱһɰգϨĵػ֮ģȻϨˣзٶֻҪûһḴ
˵ϹԲǷ飬µıгǣңʧ˵ģǰЩѾҡ˵ģ㱻䷲һƾĶݣʥصʥҪȥˣ
ҶʥѪȷһ˼ǷԼ飬ƻʥ˵ľϹǿƽˮģһ㵭
һṦϹݹƾȥΪ֮ٞ
Ҷ֣ܸоԲйŹ֣УЩԲƺڶϹɫѿڵؿزأû뵽˰㣬֮´ƣŲͨתƵ˵أ
ҲԲڶҶһҲԲڶʮԲƺǬͨƶ֮УʩչŲͨĸܵĿƶͣıã
𶯣ԲйŹ֣ϹָһҲ˳ȥֵĸоƺԲԸܵǬͨ
Ǭͨһ֪ͨһ˿ӡǣ쾳ǿ߶ܳᣬǬ޴ڣ
ҪԻԲϲܱǬͨģαǬͨǴŲͨҶ˼·ȻѣҲǬͨЩǴŲͨαļ
Ϲɫһ䣬ŲͨʥزؾڽСŲͨĹֻڹĩҳϼ˹ڡŲֻͨƬ
û뵽ڴ˵أʮԲ֮ϣȻŴŲͨӡ
û뵽α꣬Ū˽ǿߣû뵽վȻһСӿˣǲֻϧȴûԣ
ʱǸ㱻ϹԲȻſ˿ڣö˴ʧɫ
飡û뵽ʮԲ˹ϵĴŲͨӡǷӡµӡҶйâ˸һ̣ѾϤʮͼ
ǱǴ˵е飡˶ԣʮѾ׷ӡܳ



һʮ Ųͨ
ϹҲɫ飬µԹ龭ɱγɵģ˵ΪԺǿᲢˣ
Ǽһиһڶս֮ʱֵܹĸ䲻սˣ
ֿЩúɫʯɵӣֱִʵǺǿܹɣʮǿߣѹҪ
ҶϹһۣ¶һĨЦ⣬ֻ죬޽ӽͨλߵǿ
û뵽ǵ򾲣ڴ½ҲͨĽɫٴοڣдһ˿֮⣺ǵȷͨѹȥˣѾ׺ɣϹŵĻԻѾڣϹսˣǻţ
Ц̶дſ̹ǵĺ⣬һ꣬붼ܱ裬޲Ź֣
ô㲻֪ѵȥҶҪŵȥԵ
ҶŲһͣûлͷ㣬𣿲֪ǲдǣֺαصأ
٣㵹ǻᰲοԼһرգûܹǡ˵ͻȻտڲ̸漴ˣһǱ彣ĪͨҶ⹬Ϊ˽⣬㲢ģ
飬ǲǼû̸ıûţڴҵ⣬ҪҰԲҶ۾
鲢ŭâһûһҰɫӰӣվԲǰ棬Ҷ㽻д⣬ܸܵȣһĻ棬ܹԲı
ΪһӦ𣿷Ϊһʱ䣬ҪԸңҶɻЦ
ƺ֪Ҷ룬һһ鼮УҶһףǴŲͨǰ벿ֻҪ벿һ㣡
һ룬һоӯ࣬·һֵԻƿռ䣬аУԹԣŲͨȻ˲ãܹ⴩գֻҪԪǿԴ˺ɣ
ֻͨͨǿ߲Ϊ֮ͨµ߾Ԫ㣬ʩչһͨпܰѾԪɣûıûԸûͨͿʼͨ
ûвܣ
ǬǸӣĴͨǾ죬ѾͨǰǿǬٵ壬ҪľԪҲ֧ͨʩչ
ǣҶȴǸĵ˵ĵҪܶ࣬Ǳ˴ʮߴϣʮ֮ɵڰ˻ϣʱԴԴߵľԪ֮£ǿʩչͨ
СΪΣ¶һĨЦ⣬ͨ˭ֵܵˣͨǿߣҲС
ϣҶȴҡҡͷð뱾ŲƵͨҪҽδ̫С˰ɣ
ʱҶĶãһ߿̿뱾Ųͨһ߻ҪӦ飬ĶͷһεκˮУʵ̫˷Ѿˡ
ɫһ䣬Ϣ˲ñɭȻڵ̫ӲˣҵȰһ䣬ٺãҲԼ󣡡
ֻٴʧˣҶȴЦҳԲԵ£Ͳˣ
Сӣ㲻Ҫʶ̧٣ϴôŲͨ㽻ѾˣһԲڵ鸡ֳɢײбϢýӴ֮˸еɭȻ־֮ġ
Ҳ֪ںϴ̸飿һСϺҲҺϴڴˣҵֱ㣡Ҷʾâţȵս޼ɣǿϢȻѹһͷ
ս˷ܣԾԾԵĸоս˺һڽ֮ҶҪһսԼս׾٣
£ɫһ䣬ͷһתҶλҶСѣ˲˵ҪʲôֵΣ
һĻϹЩǵؿ߼пܾ֮£ڴˣǾʮͷƿأǱҶų֪ǳĻ£
ģзִ磡Ҷ㾫΢΢ϹͬʱЦʮͷΪ޵ˣƿҵ
ʹ˵ˬ죬Щͷ࣬ڶţ٣Ҷ㻹һ䣬漴ĿƵĿڣҪĴŲͨؾ֮ģ
ʲôҪĿھҪ֮ģΣܸ㣡ЩߣʮԲŭһɣѳɾһ֮ģıԴ
ϹĿУѾ֪˵ԭݼǸάƵѣΪϹȻ뿪˲裬ײһʹϹӳ졣
ἰ˴ϹȻ£ݼһֱҪõĽãһθΪ˾аģһҪݼžȳ
ݼͬҲѣѣȥҪ֮ģǵؿ֮УΪԮݼ
Сѣʵ̫̰˰ɣΪϴ鲻õĵɢϢʹĺ磬̹֮
ȻųǲףһҪðʱǱΣգ޷ܾͷǲܳǽѵģҶɫʮͷҪװǣβ֪
һתСѲǣǿԣӦ֪߲ΥԼԵģ
ԣҶţ飬𣿡ҶЦһԶǵӡ
ǾƲԳԷˣǾͱֵܲھһֱȣһԲ鿪ˣɳƵͳɤɳһ˼
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Ǿ̣ôδ䣬ĸԲͻȻʧȥӰâ΢΢ȻҶΧ
ͣ
ĵҰɫĹâšһһ㣬ȻҶ㣡
㣬ͲˣʮսȻ˿ҶսȻԼαâӿԪһ̺ȭȥ
飡飡飡
֮£ԲˣҶɣֱ䣬磬ͫâ֮£Ȼ˺Բ
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Ųͨسɴ磬ĵԲͬʱͨͷ֣һƱҪɲ֪ߵغСһɫ
Ҷ侲ȴǵϣڴŲͨʩչ֮Ȼ㲻ܣڴϣڵĳ޷ԶЦݡ
ΪǻŲͨ٣ǾǿٵĴŲͨǵһɲҶʧԭأͨİ屻ʩչسɴ磬ʩչľȻһģһ



һʮ ƽӡ
ֻʩչĴŲͨٶȸ죬ĵľԪ޴˳ȥȻɵıܿĴһ
ôܣٶôô죡ѵǰ˴Ųͨ
飬ϹҲɴ۾Ҷسɴ磬ͣŲƣֻ죬ĸԲͬʱˡ
𣬆䣬͡ĸԲӰĹڷǿ޹֮꣬ƣɱ⣬ŭеĸӿͣҶԺ
ƾ΢ĩ¾ܿҵǳ룡ҶЦʶڷٶƶʶͭǽһиѹס
µĹǾ񹥻һɲҶħѾתħӰ֣ͷٶһʩչ׻
֮ڶдҶԺĸ׻ĺ£붹һ㣬׻֮֯ɫĻ浴𣬸ûһ㷴ۼʧټ
ͷԲ֮ϣͣʩչͨҶߣͼŲͨҶǵ
ǲϲǺãھԸҶЦһħ͹ӰӸ֣̾Ϣ׻һͬʩչ
СΪ˾񹥻ܻǣʵ̫ˣھʶʶʲôľ񹥻δ£ĸԲĽǣʷΣԲϹâƣĵӰȻ֣³塣
Ĺâڿչ֣ռ俪ʼŤ·һ޵Ҷơ
Ҷɫ䣬ѾܵħţǵӰӱøãҪǣҶʶһ޴ĲˣٶҲʼζ
ĸԲâԽԽŨɢǿһأ
Ǵͨר˲Ҷ㲻һԪţٲֹٴδ߶ŲͨҪЩգ
ߣƾΪҲ˵㻹ԶҪɣǺã̸㵽ʱ³Ҷһŭһɱӿɱϯʶ


ĴԲâһɱ¾֮ǵϯǧͷ鲻ʧ룬־ķٺˡ
ɱ֮ҲҪ˱ᣡҶɱľ򣬼ƿ˴ͨҲУ
ûᣡҶǰһѪɱħ֣ɱעһ㣬˺񷣬ҶĽŲƶԪʩչŲͨٶȿ쵽˼£溮â۵һһԲӰһ־ŭ𣬱ɱ
ҶƻڵľԪٴʩչŲͨһԲһ壬ȥһ죬崥ɱͱȥҶ磬ɽзһŹâԲ֣
ãû뵽ҶСսˣ飬ʹӦĽΣϴԲһĿ±ǱеԲʱ޲˿ڣԲâӡͱ˺ѣ
Сһ䣬ŲͨǰѧʣҶ㷽ʩչľǴŲͨΪٶȱ϶ٶȻҪ죬ҿֻΪܵ㹻ľԪʩչͨ
ͬʱ϶ҪȱҶס϶һŻҰɫĹâƣҶϣ
ϹͬɻĿ⣬ҶҡҡͷЦڴ֮ǰû
ʲôܵ龪õ뱾ŲͨؼСʱȻգʩչ¯࣡
пʼҲóЩ㹻壬ǻûȽӡЩͻɵͷ廹ҪһѻУ
ҶȨ֮󿪿ڵҵȷһϰҲֻǰᣬֻϰһֲͨ壬ʩչƴŲͨʵǣ
͡һ죬һ˿˿ĻâնϣҶֳԲϴŷ絭ЦݣϵĶԽԽ죬ɱѾƿԲӡӡڣʹ鷢ɱĲҽС
ҶС˵Ц˰ɡϴʧɫ˼꣬δ˵˴۸ͨʹͨҪ֪ЩͨЩ˵е󾭹Ĳ򣬲Ŵģ
һҶ㣬˵ʵ̫ߣֻΪȻʮս£
ðɣСѷҴĬϴ֮̾âһ°ĴŲͨȥ
ͨȫҶ㣬ʾˣͬʱԲǸĻǵȻɱǵ˺
͵ʴףãҶЦһףһͷӳȥ漴Ц֮ҲһɣǵĺҲÿʼ
СѣΪǽӡϷȻ˫ַϣɫһ䣬֮ĲıԴŦƿزر⣬һȥڰ˶Է
ͷ飬ʮּɵ˵ʮŞΪϴȻͨǿߣҪ֪ͨǿߵϰĴڣһͷ
飬ȫӡ֮Щ鳣걻ӡ˵أΪˣټϱӡܵƣֻܷӳʮʮҶ㣬ҲǞǿߵĶ֣һĸ
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ŶСѶͨȤҲãֻҲǲоȫ˵ţͽһСӵЦҪɣҪɣڶ㣬ҲûȥƷӡɱ֮ʱ
õͨҶɫϲͨԵõԴԴߵľԪֻҪľǿ󣬾͵ڲ֮أ
СѿɷʼҶӦ¶˿˿˷֮ɫٵ
ҶͷǳĹâ֣ӳҰ׵ϣվһԵϹŵþŻȻûʵ壬ûͷ­£ճűɫĶʮֶġ
ʵϣӡȻӣ꣬Ѿɶֻʣµļƴǿ󣬶רſƾ񹥻
ף˼԰ס񹥻ֻҪûԿס񹥻Щڴ˵أͨ˹ȻĺƸû⣬ֻ鳹ţŻؼ䣡
СѵǳǿƽƵѷţβһԣϴյǳգֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ӡϾӡѾ꣬Ѿ鲻
ֻҶԼĴ㣬ǳգֱӷųͷ飬Լԣ
ˣҶһ˵ҵһѵİ취ֻǵЩദ



һʮ ˭˭
ɫޱ䣬Ҷ˵ķڻȡһСģͻ³Ϊ飬κˣֻԼ
ſԽƵĵֿȫɣý룬Ҷûǳƣ
ҶСѣⷽҲǲУĬãϴ˳Ҷһ㶣ֻһױ£ֻҪȡϣЩദȻܣ
ѭָķ˹ȥڹһΣ˸ӷһ貵ı¡
ñĿĵһۣҶ㾪̾ⱦɾǧŰپʮŸƶɣ쾳ǿߵΪǧƳɹһ
СѹȻʶⱦһƵı£Ϊŷﳯ£ϲܹǹҲߣ˵ŷﳯ£˷ܣȴ¶һĨЦݡ
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ҶʱȻ򣬹ֲħɢ翴һض졣
ϹСǣǼ²ɿʱٴοڵλӼȻϲǱ£Ƴӡ͸㣡ҶСѣŲͨǽڣ£Ȼʵ˵֮
ãҶЦǽУ޷ҪƳӡɲǣҪң٣ҶֲɵӣԸ
вԸϹСĽԲһʩչŲͨͨµĽ
৵һ·ɫĹâѩҫۣŨŨ뵾ӨԲڵһһаע뱦ڣŷﳯ²£ԹԵĹԲϡ
СѿԿʼˣϴĹ˸ԲǰӰѾջأԲڳֺ죬ͨµĽѾ
Ҷ۾â˸Ƶ˶ӳüͷԲڹƴתͬʱӳ㣬ϴѹƣûһ˿©
Сٳ֣ҿҪֵסˣ鷢ŭƴͷǳоŷﳯ˲ˡ
һ˿֮עԲУԲķӡתҶ𾪵鷢ˣȻѹ꣬ɿֲ쳣
ͣ
ƴϹâӿԲһսϷųһâȻϸ΢Ľ֮Ȼƴκβ
ˣƣȻͻƷӡͬʱҪңƻȻ޷죡Цſƿռ䣬Լһʼͷˡ
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Ҫңɵٺ٣飬һ˷۱ҶһĨ֮ɫһǰγУռڵ
Ŀһۣûֹ¶һĨЦɣɣԽ࣬ըʱԽֲСӣųȥ
зӿβͣɫĹâԽԽʱҶָһһɫĻ渡ǰ
ݣ
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ϾҪؼˣҶ㣬쵰СӣвңҾͻ㱬ը֪ҵĶôóԵģҵĿЦš
ڼԶյҶЦ飬ûӡҪָ𣿡
ˣ飬ۻ֮ɣзޡԹŭ֡ĻѵΪĻгŵɭȻǵһвҵˣ
ԲƴʼҡΣǳ棬ϬĹ˭ܵ
ըɣըɣռϾҪը㽫Ҷ㣬ŭɣĽ֣ԹޣŭɣҶƽӣЪ˹صĺţǣҶ
鲻ҪҶŭڱըɲǣԽŭԽ־壬ԽԹԽãԽĸ˳ɣ
ҵҪлЩ£ҵĸԳ顣ҶЦЦ㲻о̴Ϊʲôƴֻըһ𣡡
ĹʲôҶСӣ֪ΣֻҪһ˿ǳ棬ұһСߣҺΣұâţаϢƺ˺ռ䣬ԲʼһζȻزס׺
ǳףҲұҶٴʩչŲͨƳԶͬʱԲǻζһ֮죬ɫڱˡ
Ҷ㣬ұɱ㣡һըȻϮµĲӿκȻըѣռ䷢৵ͣ·Ҫһ㣡
վھԲ֮ҶɸеһɴϮײɳȥҶǿı壬ײѪۡ
ڱը֮е鷢ĲҺ𣬾ŷﳯţǿסҪ
ǳǳɣǳԲڣԲµĽƱһԱĽƣǳ״֮£ʱը
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ʮӣըڽϨʱȴЦҶ㣬ǧ㣬Ҳ㲻žŷﳯ£ըңڵˣ
ռڵ̾Ȼ˲һţһҶըȥ
ߣΣΪҲǴ󽵣ģͰ֮˫ַϣʱһܷһ·Ҷ㲨âӿ
ΪǵСӣѵΪô΢ĩУնɱ㣡ȥɣһѽ鲻ľŷﳯ¶һߣһᣬԲȻΪȻɱ˹

Ѫɱħɱأһ죬ƿķ۵һȻ壡
ôܣս֪ˣСӣһֱڴҵ⣡ܵһɿµɱֱ룬ȡһ˿ԴٿҶ⣬ʱ
׻㲻ң֮Ҳɱ㣡Ѱ·͹ֲˣͨҶ¶һĨЦʼͨİ壡



һʮ 
Ϊ֮Ԫ֮ͨľԪʼǣڸܵŵͬʱҲͨİ塣
ҶĻ΢΢һһ˿֮ӿϣǻ΢΢һţʼ֮תһȦУϵĹâøǿ
Ԫ˳鱬ĴͨҪҶǿöֻ࣬鱾ԴڷţȻҶϰȥԪͱԴȣһжԵ΢
ô£ԣҶС㾹Ȼ˴ͨȻѣȻҶʩչĲǴͨдͨ
ڷıԴ֮Ҷеɢǰδҫ۵ĹԣȻģǰѾУһΣӵһ𣬷գ
ͨҲһǧͨΨͨûԸΪͨ˲ɣڴﵽһ̶ȵʱ򣬱ᱬǿƵõҲܽ߾磡
ҶٿУʱһ亹ȴûһ˿׵ĸоƮƮɣ·Ҫһ죡
ܣľԪܹʩչͨܣһؾ죬ҲֻʩչŲִͨͨһΣܻʩչͨЪ˹طţһ˿ԴһǧĳɹҲľôĿգͨըͨұ컯ͨСȥɣ
ͨͬʱһ˿˿ڰյ֮һ죬Ҷ㱾ܵĸоһҪһƤңֻأͶ̥һ㣡
ãǴ컯ͨҪ컯ӣвþҪȥתͶ̥еͶͨǿǿ£̧֮ʩչִͨԴĸоϮɢͷһ٣
䣡䣡䣡
֮ڵ鱾Դ֮ȻըϢУҶĻըƬͬʱ鷢ŭ𣺡ɱͨǿߵġơɽӣ񷣬Բս곤ì˫۾죬ԲȻ£ҪҶΪ
ƣƣƣƣƣƣƣҶЪ˹صĿףһ߸ơ֣Ȼתɢһâ紹һ㣬ˢһ£㽫һ˿˿ûбը֮飬ȻҶֳѪɱħ¾ɽ򽻻ԲȻһ
ˣ
һص죬ռ䲻ͣ߾֮䣬飬ͨɱ嫵ĺ˿֪Ϊȴ
ս¶֮ɫȷҺͨǿ߶ؾûУǞǿҲңΪͨǿ߱Ϊλߣһˮ룬ֻнܸ֮ͨı仯
һھǰʲôǣҾ֪ͨǿߵĿ£ͨŲͨըͨѹͨ컯ͨɱ쳤ХƺӿԼ壬ʩչͨͨԺأͨǿҲδظӲӣ
ԲϵĹâ·ܻ񷣬ֱĹһ㣬¡¡ѹһ޴ĹУгףᴩռ䣬ҶһܵĿռ䣡
ħľǿҶҶԿοһССͨкβңŲ̣̣ͨͨͨҶѾѪڣ鼴ͨľ磬ȴûͨʵըܷ֮ӳʵ
꣡
Ҷĺڷ趯飬¶ڶսףڹһֺ̫һ㣬ֵֽâ裬Ϣһףϵɱǹеһ
ֶһնѹĹУͨһ𣬸ѿ
¡¡
ɽ屬ըһ㣬𺳣иֱ죬Ҫˣռҡ·ıˡ
֪Ҷɱ⵽˺־أ
٣ɱеһһգȵս⣬ǿǿη壬ҲҪվ
նĹУǧתŰռ䣬Ȼٴλ۵һ𣬿ӿڰյ·һֳֿٵصԲ趯âĿϴļµ
ΪͽҶ㣬֪սȻͨǿǰʲôǣͨŲͨըͨѹͨ컯ͨ
˲䣬̺ƵֳԲ󿪴ϣеױը˼ٹϷ֣ͨӵ£ȻһɲŭһԲ֮͸ųĹâа֮ȼգڤ֮ռ¶Ƚ͵˼£
䣡
ԲһΡɽײ˹һ̣ҶڿԲı壬ֱһľ޽ؽ޷棬ɲȻ޷âɱ֪ԲԲһڣ
ǵأͨȫйɣͨɽ壬Ȼѹ˹ҶҲоҪ˺ˣ
һжҵıģҪɱնһãսսսҶŭɢս⣬ֳֵϣŲͨչ¶ţâͻҰɫĹг׺һ
ϣ
˶ķ飬ԴҲеʹޱȣҰɫԲâͳɫĵһ𣬷̶Ľ·
Ƭ񷱻â֣µս⣬ֺռڵһо飬Ҷսףڻ˽ӽʮײռıԵǿֹסΣ
ͣͣ͡
ͨĹ⻪ţһͬҶϣΪľԪţͷһ˿еͶͷͬʱһɾ޴ѹϮ
ƾͨǣⲻܣҵĵıȾּͣ˭ҲˣͨľҲУƣƣƣƣʶķٶâţһɫ̫ԣǼӳϵͨȻ飡
ɫһףڵıԴ֮ʼɶӰ˲üΪƺҪȥһĿɢ
ܣֻ죬ôôᶨǣͨǿҲδܻ컯ͨҲģҲģ
±ȥڰɣѾûκλˣ̣̣̣̣ͨףһ壬ڴը֮зЩıԴ֮
ҪҪ꣬ԼĥټҶŪɳ׾Ϊ罵ʩչͨҲռЩըһֵ̣ľʧ룡
Щҵģɵڰ˻ϣҶ㳤ЦϲɫȻֱɵЩΪΪЩıԴ֮Ի˵ǴҩˣҶ;Ԫʧһգɵˣ
ŹңҸ֮ģһͨԸ㣬ŹңŻʧ룬ѾԼıԴ֮٣ȻҶĴͨʹͨһ𣬱ǿ



һʮ ڰ˻
㲻˵Ҳ֪ͨΪļ䣡ҶЦϵĶ˿·ʲôճסһ㣬һ
ΣɱҾʲôòΣһữΪ飬ΪͨԱʹһĻŰɣҶ㣬㲻к³ģЪ˹أӰʼ
ը룿ƾңһ㣬͸ûҷ𣡡Ҷָһ˲䱩ǽʮ֣
ڵߴӿ˽꣬ıԴ֮ʮ˿ƿֲһͨǿߵľ
ڰ˻ϵĳɣʹ˼֣ϳɫĹâƣӨ͸Ȼһأеӿ룬תɾԪڡ
ھԪĴ߶£ڰ˻ѾɣҶ㾪ȵǣڰ˻ϾȻ֮ϣģ

һ죬ߴڵĻϵӿڰ˻ϣ𾪵ǣߴϾȻһڰ˻ϣ
һҷҲԲõ֮ģ¶һĨɫ֮ĸұ
һɫεӴ֮¼۶У
ǳ룡֣ҶЦһһֻ콻ӵɣȻ£Ҫȷɣͬʱ֮ģ
Ҷ㣬ȥͬھɣоҶһɣûʩչըͨҰɫĹâݹ࣬˲ռ䣬Ҷ
ҿȫȥˣҲգȻ㲻˳ӹԹԵɣǾͽǣóͨĿڵڰ˻ϽҪ֮ʱȻоȫ´仯ԴԴߵľԪ㹻߶ͨ
֣羨һ㣬Ҫը飬Ъ˹أӿڣͣڰ˻ϵĲ㣡
ô£㵽ʲôͨԵֵ˫ĿնΪԼ٣ıԴ֮ٱȥ۵յ֮ıҶУһƶʧȥˣ
ռϯһգӿҶڣƤǵͨ죬ѣǵڰ˻ϾȻûɣ
죬ڰ˻Ҫʵ̫࣡ľԪͨȻûɣҶͷ׹һεζĺ飬ѾܵӿĴƺҪűˣڰ˻ϲ֮
ץס֮ģеһ˿һˣɵڰ˻˵
ڴ֮£Ȼ֮ڲһأһö鵤ҩҲ޷ʱȣ
һ˿ӡǴ룬Ҷȡ֮ڲʣһ飬һĻʹ֮ĻܣΪ˴ƷջָΪı
ﴫһ㣬Ҷ㲻һϲܵȵʹòڱӿ
ϴ裡
ڰ˻֮ʱȻ־һηϴ裬һĹ˴ͨҪֲ籼ףõдա
û뵽͸ôԭ֮Ŧӵ˹ҶЦţѾ֮ģΪ鱻ӡԲڣ޷˰װ͸Ҷ㡣
ͨ˾ԲͨĹôĹɣ⹬֮£ǸΪزرĵطɣŶزرѾӦýе˵˵Ķ𣿡
ңزرܣ֮ǿǰΪزر⣬ҲǱĵϹݼ
Ҷ㣬ԸΪūͣһĬƬ̣ڵأһϵĵԸеıض׸㣬֪زرķЩ˽ĵطǵزر⣬ֻҲ֪ڣ
ҶĬյͨ˱Ǵӵزرе˺ôϹţֻҪҸ·ҲԽزرڣõ鵤ҩϹŴͨУЩʧĹزرﶼУ
֪
ܵҶЩ⶯Ͻ˿رļһֻ֪ҪϷŹңұĳ㣬滹ʮͷ飬Ǟ񾳵ǿߣֻҪͷеһж㣬װˣ
ͣ
һ֮ڵĵڰ˻ǣҶֻоȫ³޾ǳҲ֮ǰһأħҲҪ
ڰ˻ϣڰ˻̺Ȼһǿߵǿ£ҶпϲĸܵʵԪıǣ˸ŲӲӵĹԣ֮ĳɹֲڣȡƬҶ
Ŀ
һʮ꣡
꣡
ʮ꣡
꣡
ʱֹͣҶɴ۾ͨ˵ʮ꣬ߵһʮֻ꣡нʮܹ֮û뵽죬Ȼǵ꣬ʮǿߵ
֮£ľ翪ʼɶܹܵԼٴͻƣһ֮ңϾҪ룡
գȻĴգֻҪڵõͨһεջʵ̫󣡡ҶϲʱĿ⿴飬˼ĵͷ֪ܶࡣ
ȻҶ֪ҲܵҶһ˿Ѱ˿ΪҶͷҲæĸ͵
ǺãҾͷҶͷָһָһӿ׾ٵס飬һ̣׿ȻɫŭҶ㣬㾹Ȼƭңѵ֪֮ĵܣͨ
Ϊһͷ飿˵Ща취Ҳ㰢ķеʱɵڰ˻ϣͬʱʩչͨû뵽ĻţҶָ趯ִͨһâԴ
Ҷ㣬㲻úɥĲĻ쵰鷢ŭ漴һ̻һžһϨ
Ҷһɵᣬļ䣡
Ŀ⿴ǸԲؽ޷棬ɲսʵдգҶץУսϵɱȻɣѵǴ˵Ϲսؼսʮű֮

Ӧ飬֮Ҷ˳˷ܵЦݣԲʮҲ˵ʮս
ˣ
һײʣӳľȻϹɵĻ棡Ҷɫһ䣬еսɱƣȻ֣



һʮ 
ʣϹһڴڣʮͷѾӵѶϢϴƷ֮ʱҶ֮ʣŮӱɣָΪ
ȻҶ벻ãռ俪ʼ𶯣Ϲɫһ䣬Ҷæ״ʮͷĻŭţôܷȥƻϴĺ¡
˫зŵһĻ
飬ͬضܣϹŭˣʮԲʮսһ㣬ǿʹϹ·磬ʮͷҪɱҲһѶȣ
ʵɣǸСѾϴƾһ߻ܻųⱲЦ϶ЦţȻʱһ
Īϴͷۣܰɣ
ʲôˣôܻų϶һʧɫĶҶ㣬ŵսʱˡ
٣ǵĵӵǹ󣬾Ȼҵѣɣ̧֮䣬ͨ屻ʩչͨսĽƶ޴׽
ৣৣৣ
Ϲ𾪵ĿУ˲ͷ飬ǾȻһ˿ҽеĻᶼûУ
ôܣ㵽޳ʲôµֻͨؾôྫԪģ϶ͣ󿿣ڷҶĿ¡
룡ף֮һͷ鱻ɣӶ֮ھʣһսվʮսѾҶС
ŹңһԸΪūͣ϶ڵϣûһ˿֮սǰһˣһ
Ϲɴ۾ǰһ϶Ȼڵأһ˿Ҷ㵽ǿ󵽺־أѵ֮Ĳ೹
ǧһʱͻȻ־ɥ֮⡣
Ӳؽ黳Ҷĳ˴ͨЩĿǣԲңҶԽ͵ϹǰȻһŵľɥʱʧתллҶּʱѣԸԶҲ޷ٽһл
ǺǣڻǾ¹ҪѾ֮ģھߣ϶Ŀʱһ˿ϣϴȻ֡
Ҳûʲô壬ȥЧϴȥɣ
ͣ
һ죬֮һʮսҶУ϶ɣ˿̵Ҷ㣬¾Ԫӿ·ϾҪ죡
ؿУһŮʯϣǧ˿̯𣬰Ѫ߰ߣȻˣҪǣԪ޶࣬;ƿݣ
άòȴʧȥ˼ɣ˼˿Ȼǿ֧Լ漴ҵĿɫ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ʦ㣬һѾȫˣݼܺһˣʦҪúõȥǵ롭۽Ѿ¾Ө顣
ݼͷ·豬ԪΪۣΪϹֵסһͬʱǿʩչСŲͨϹͳƬأ
ȻΪʱس󣬵زرƺǿпǿڴҴҸһ֮󣬱㼱ڽزر⣬û뵽ݼ˲Ȼû
ʱһԳӵ·ΪһپʮŸС檣ҰΪˣΪʥص֮ŮôԱǿд˵أӲûǿȴת⣡
Ҷٿ֮ģ˵ؿ磬ӳǰȴ޾ɽǴ˵еĵزر⣬ҲǵȺɽ֮У
Ҷ㣬ʥصͨǽöһһһռ֮ڣӦ㿴滹ʦõϢ̫ˣһţǿȥϹһεϷ뾫ԪϹâƣ΢΢ȻݼϢû
ãߣ
ҪݼͻȻеһ˿ףϷ𣬶ʱϲɫֵ૵ʦ㣬㲻Ӧٻģ
ݼӸɽӣһɫۣʷǷһɾµϢȻɣһ͸Ϣ·棬һаһĨЦݣԵɭȻ
ӣ꺮ѾһǰҵزرѾĪ룬ȥһãҲ֪زرǱϹűɵ涨ȻıǸаʮֽ
֣һ峤Ѿ㶨زر⻹δ֮ʱ֮¶ͽ֣ͣһռҲţزرǰ׵õʱȻħ֣꺮Σƾŵزرڵı壬ΰɣ˫Ŀ磬ư̧֮޵ľԪȻѵ˼ߵľ硣
ռ۹εزرʮӣȻķʩչռǰӣ۹ӣҲѫ磡
ռһŴܹ̽Ϥδ󣬲ӯпÿһʩչռҪķѴļƷҩͨǿߵǧνļǧҪ֪ԽΪߵǿߣԽϧԼԪˣû;ƿݣϴ
ǵȻһ峤ɳ߽ʱΪãΪľزر⣡һΣϸһžӨ͸ɳɢϢΡɽ˾⡰֡ǿߣҲһһԵľ⡣
ôƷ֮˵ΪֵЩ죬ƺû˵˵
һ֣ɳʧУȻֻеΣоĵȼ֣ΪͣУΣ֮ϱǹˣ
Ȼ˵Ǳˡ˼ĵͷаȵҲ¶һĨЦݡ
ǲôλˣԣӾҪʦ㣬ӣǬɴˣڴ½ҲĴŮϹЦݣһа֮ɫ
ȷ¹ھ޾ɽ֮УҶϹĴ󣬱ܵģѾܵǿϢǿߣ
Ҷ촽սǿԺ͞һǿҪ֪·ϣԽǺľ磬ԽͬսҲԼαԷ֮Ҳ˵ҶսǿϾؾѺ͞Ͼ
˵ܲٲܲٱ㵽ӹȻӵһĨıóѵЦݣ¶а֮ɫܹշӣȡԭΪضٽһֱƴӣ
Ѿˣܵõֻôһӣ˵ӶӴӲɫôһĪߵôܣϵĲƺƽİ֣Ϊֵüͷ
ߣһˣ֣İ֣Ǹ໹࣡Ǹӣӻõأ



һʮ ɳ
ãһ۹һǷ±һһ˷ΪǬɵһǷǵڶ˵Ϊ£Ǿ֣Ϲһû뵽ֻ۵һ
£ȷ¹ڴ˵أҶû˿η֮ɫϹͷɽȻ˹ȥ
ӴӴݹ٣ʧԶӭӺͷҲӭӶǵϹһ˿а֮⡣
¹ǷϣҶ˸Ӷ˵Ŀоֽ˳ǵĳ嶯
ӣϸܵһɲͬѰϢǹϢƺ׻Ҫǿ
ѵƷҵ׼Ҫߣ΢âһ
ߣ£ȵӰӺܳƮƮŮգֳֳ⣬ںҶĿɲǣȻ֣
ʲôҶƺûüͷ
ŮͬʱȣƻȻɣͨأɱ˸
ţŮҲ֮ҶЦ漴ɫһ䣬ŭǾҿǵжٽ
Ůɽ£ٴοڣŮӺɣռ˱ϢȻ֣üĴ
⽣УȻɱУԲɽô򵥣һĻӰɱסҶ·һɱ
ʮ죿Ž󣬺٣û뵽ȻһҶ˼һѪɱħ¾ɽѾ֣ȵɱһ׳
ۣۣۣ
ҶĽŲã׾ȥŽͬʱâΪŮ˻ýУ㱻һڳݺݵƿ

ŮͬʱǴûȹĲһֻоһɻصֱӺǵ壬ǹȵɱ⣬޿ɵռʱɱŰ
顱һŮݺ׹أѪǰʣĿҲɢ
һ
ӣȞǿߣҲһִݻ̧֮䣬նɱʮǿߣǰʵֲ̫ˣǹɱֱرɵɱ֣ǴڱģŰǵǸо
ȷǣվǻ˵أָƽưģתϹϹʶȤǿϴУ
ţȻҶֳһǰǿսǿ߻ǲѾݼΪһپʮŸС檣Ϲǵڶٸ
Ϊ̷ʥҩ޵𣿵˭ĵӣʦõЦңҲܷŹ㣡ϹЦв£
ããã˵֣ƶȻһ䣬µľԪһţߣֽ
Ҷ˶ĤʹɽɼΪĿֲʱֻиһɳؿʼޱ䣬Ϲɫ䣬߽ɳ۹ȡΪذȻʹã
ҶԻ֮ɫʱĻ֣ҶʱȻʡ
ڲ֪۹Եزر־ڱصãɳ֮߽ǰһжûѵɱ󣬼ˣȥɣ
һɳһ̳һ̺ŷϢȵСʩչҪµö࣡͵һ죬ռ俪ʼȻһ̣ʱ侹Ȼ΢΢ͣͣҶ㱻ɳ£
ϢҶ壬֮Уûһ˿©ʶҲû
ɳϬĹ˿ӣҪԦһУͳһУҪ۹ӣͳһ½ӿЦţתͷԷ֣ץסǸˣҵҪڴǲôߣ
Ϲһٳûͻʮ죬ɲ˵ʵδڳ񾳵ͬʱһٽ죬۷壡
Էλ±ӣû˿η壬ʵڲ֮䣬Ҷ㣬ɳĴ쳹Ǭ½޵ǿߣɳĴʱҲҪһ
ɳϹһµĹȴϹŴս֮ģƷʴ󽵣䵽˵õһֱ޸ȻûȫɹҲָ߽
ã㾹ȻҪըҵйҵԪǺݶɹұض;ƿݣ˵ֿɳܷȹһ̶֪Һ޳ܹͨȻΣ֮ǰӦҶŭţ˿Ҳֹۡ
ڲŸոտʼսͨ죬ɳ棬ûһ˿أˣ㻹׾ܰɣĥСӣһֵ㣡գ̫žûϲˣӵĴЦ
ҶоԼоԪھʶԼĸҪĥˡ
Σͷɼо񣬿֧ţǣȴû˿ô
ɳʵֲ̫ˣԽļʶµܹӡռ䣬ʱ䣬ʩչͨʵ̫ˣ
ǣΣʱ̣ؿָһ˿ĸоһϸ΢ĹâȻϢ⣬ҷ޲ҶľԪ
Դ飡
ͬʱһŹ⻪ţȡɳϡԴʹڲȻ΢ˮ浴
ԹԣԴҪɳȼҪߣÿԴܹȴûϵȻܹգףԴôһЩˮΣˮεʲôҶһ˷ӣǸһ˿ЦҶض˷۱
ҶһԴڲɵˮ龹ȻڵɲǣˣҶһĸоϵɲǼָǾڵľԪһ̣˲óӯΪƺʼ
죬ˮοˮգۼָԪֻҪˮ֣ʲôͨԿʩչףԴֽˮˣֻҪ֧ţԴԴߵṩˮˮͽԴˮɣҶпϲѾܵϾҪȥ
ʲôô£ɳôڷ٣Ȼˣʲôܹո߽ѵҶĹܣֻһĲôȱ£ܣɳһľʹ߽ôƽ޹ߣ



һʮ 
ɫޱ䣬ɳ۹֮һ˿ģӵĵλסˣͬʱ𾪵ǣҶһɻԵţ·һΪµ
ôˣӣٽСӣ䣡Ϲѽѷ֣ϵǣϹȻռϷ磬©һ˿ܼ
ܣϹŴս֮ѾûйˣһйؽǾԲģʲôܹɵɳ
ⱦǹƾɱҲɻ䣬ⱦɱңѾûκλˣɳҲЦˣҶ㳤Цڣ紺µľԪΧס
Դˮϴ£ڼɱ䣬ڰ˻Ѿ״ʮŨľԪƶ£˴Ϊһ壬ΪھŻϵ»
ɳɸտʼѾȥԴԴ֮£ҶɳӡԼӡǣʹ䳹׳ΪԼ֮
ͣ
һ죬Ҷһ˿ѪҶʧɫɳ˾Ȼһħľǿߣһ˿ͲҶʶ
ҶֵıңҶЪ˹أͼܣѪɱħ¾ɽԴ飬һͬѹѹڷٶ֮£ʶھ࣬ϴĨµľӡ
ôȥˣһɳȡӵĵλס˵¸ʶ̽նҺûнͻƣһɵɳ֪ΪصֲֿľأУƤ¶ɳ
ӵɫüΪѿҶ۾ѾԷ뷨û뵽βûӣ֮㱻Է
ҪǣھزرһٱԷõ룬һˣиӼᶨδᣬڱնɱ
ھ·£˫һãȻһѪɫǹǹˮһ㾧Ө͸ǹ⴦ֳɽѪɫĹâǹϣأɨƲ񷣡
ҶֻоһͷɵѪɫѹϢֺ֮ǿ󣬷·ҪҶ㳹ӵĽ̤һ̨ԴԴӿҪµѪâһ䣬ȻһѪɫռ䣬ҶУ
ñǹǸñµ̨ɢϢ죬۹ȻҴҵ󣬾ȻôҶпţ˿ѪâǹѾ¡
ɱң֮ҺΣȡˣѵΪһɱңǸЦھʶʶãҶЦһʶĺһԴˮľԪǣ
ѹͨըͨͨͨͨҶĴͨȻڴ֮ͨ󣬾Ȼûͣ£ͻȻһ֣ȻųԼ
ףͨ죬㾹ȻܹʩչͨӴʧɫڸʣǿܹʩչһͨû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼһʩչͨ
ʩչΣҲѲһȪìɱ̨ѹЪ˹أɫףм֣һܹ߱ʩչͨǶô飡
ҶϣڼΪŵӣĴܸУоնҶĹâڵҶ㣬ʵ̫ˣ
¡¡
ȪìѪ⣬̨ķ⣬ҶѪɱħ¾ɽ֯һ𣬾Ԫͨ۵һ𣬾˷
ҶȻûнʮֳԴˮֹʩչͨ߶ϞǿߣҲ׿Ȼ壡
ϣ
գۼ䣬Ҷ㱻ûˣɽͣȪìɵѪɫ̨ɢĽӲӵķ⣬ȫҶɵ
ֳһսҪɱɵˣѵҶһ֮£㱻ɱˣ
̣̣̣̣̣̣̣ͨ
룬ֻһŭһ߸̡֣쳹һںڵ̫ȽȽһһӳںڵ׻ס壬ȵһ㣬ӿҶ壡
ôܣӴʧɫгеսڵϣ׹ͨ㾹ȻһͬʩչͨŸոյõɳʮӣôܹĵʩչͨ
ڶ߽ɲǣҶʩչͨͨͨٿһ˿ռ䣬ʱ֮𿴽һ˿һһܹһ˿ʱ䣬߿ռͨλ֮
ߣΣҲܲݣڲŸոĻҾͲţһؾǿ߱ǿսھͨһɣͨ
䣡䣡䣡
ȪìɵѪɫȻը̨ϵķ֣ԴԴߵӿҶסֳսѾɱһӿ˵ط·Ϊһ
Ȼ𾪵ǣȻĴһҶڣ
ʲôǴͨСӣ㵱Ȼ˲ͨʩչӿЦţϾͿҶըһĻ
ͨҰᣡԴͷϣһϵγɣڣûһ˿㱣쳣еĵȪį̀˽Ĳ
ӿڵû뾭֮УԴԴϵıʶɳ˿ԴԴѹԴһչɱԭѾ˵ɳҲʼóӯ֮˿ԽԽ
ӷһ˲䣬Ȼըѣ
ɳӽˣҶϲٶһ˿ӡӿɳ֮ڣ͵һɳ
ӵɫ䣬ĸоԼľԪڷţڷ֮ͨޱȣҪػͱɿµɣ
Ȼ˿̣ͨϣӵɫޱ䣬ʵ̫ˣ͵سһŵҩµľԪٴαۻŭͨұ
ܿʧˣͨ޷Ĩȥͣĳڵ˳ҶڵԽԽ࣬ΪҶɵǿ֮󣬶Ȼᱬȴʧˡ
Ҷ㲻ûб˫ĿµľԪø
ããӣҲòлл㣬㲻ɿµҲܳɳȪį̀ҲǺöҾЦˣ
δ䣬һ˿ɳʶڸֶҪٴȪìʼ̨һ£˳ڵأ
ôܣϵҺͱϵôܣȻնˣӴʧɫ
ɳȪį̀Ǽ壬ҲˣҶ㳤Цһʧԭء
ࣣ
屻ҶУ߸߷𣬾Ȼӵ䣬Ҷ˹ȥ



һʮһ 
ôܣҸָңôܱƾߣһŭգսķҲɵˣͨͨ֯Ȼܹȡֵı
Ҷһ֣ţͨͨͬʱţֱӰѰץߣ
ۣӵϢ𿪣˼ԵڵأѪ
ߣȻҿ˿̵Ҷ㣬¾ԪһصϢ͸ȻΪȴ˸еһ˿ɲ⡣
ͣ
ͨʩչɫޱ䣬ֻоԼľԪţϵʽһϹԦһԶ
٣Сʱȡ˱Ϊ޵𣿲ܣƣŭһǿգȻһ񣬾ӿ
ըͨұ
Ϩ𣡡ҶһָһһţըͨϨͬʱһѷݺݵĻɳȥ
飡
ˤڵϣޱȣʱ˵¶һĨη壬ֻͨͨǿ߲ʩչµ߱ԪϡʩչͨȻҶ㾹ȻʩչͨʹƺľԪͨǿ߻Ҫǿ
СӣɱңɱңǸµŮҲѾ½ƣƱ飬ҲΪᣡӵ¶һĨЦ
ߣɱкβңԣضɱţ㾹Ȼ¹вңЦҶɭȻħת棬˹ȥĽŲħ߻꣡
Ҷ㣿㾹ȻҶ㣡ããû뵽㣡ɱңôĿӷʧΪϾǞ֮ټϷҶҪնɱѶȺܴ
ҵҪҶЦԴˮ˵Ѿڲ֮أսҶѪڣ
ҵķõģȪìұ̨ұ壬ұȻ¾Ԫһ˿̨ͨڣ
Ҷţļڶڵһ˿ܹҲܹ׿ƣ´μ棬ȡ֮ʱӼͷãֻһͷǾӣתԪٿļΪۣΪȡʱ䣡ͷȥ
ˣˣ
Ҷɫ䣬ȻЩ֮ж̺һµոϴȥɳȻȪį̀ڶһ˿
Ӵ߶£˿ؼʼҶɫ䣬˿Ȼħǿߵһ˵Ҷ㣬ɽ壬ҷ
顭
Ȫį̀壬ͽײһɹϢӿҶʶӿŭ죬ٶĹâԽԽͣζƺҪѹƲס
Ҷɫһ䣬͵عһԴˮ¾Ԫʼӿ˲ͻ˼ΪŨصһʶķٶҶŷٶͷԴ飬ѹ
ء
Դ֪ı￪ʼתһ˿µһ̣Ȼʼ·𷢳
죬ʲôֲԪ״ôྫľԪ𾪵ǣҶľԪȻܹһͨǿߣ

ɣҶԴˮ̷ٿԴ鲻ͣϣӲӵĹԶʱȥԴâԽԽʢȻѹɳһ𣬽ѹġ
ֻڲһ˿ħǿߵϢЩڵܹĨɱģԴɳѹ㲻ܶã
ȻԴˮȻˣԴ޾ģһԴû֧ţԴˮҲһ켶ι޷Դˮ
ѵԴˮҶ㾪쳣ͬʱʹѣ뵽ԼܼҵӣʱԼƣ
ƴʱ򣬸ܵȵ裬裬һᵽζΪ۹ӣʱйָо
ֻǣڵѪǿļɳȪį̀壬۹Ļۣȴû뵽ȫӴ򹷣
ĸ֪飬ɫǶôʣǵɱߣһˣӾʹһսһҪϵǿߣҶ㻹ûг֮ʱ
СŲͨӣΪܵ𣿡ҶǿʩչŲͨûԴˮ£ԼľԪʩչͨȷʮֳ
Ҷ㣬ң˶ˣѰ壬Ȼ㱨𣡡һҧһھѪʩչСŲͨŲͨҲ׷ϣ

ͼȴһ˸գӺͷʧˣռصŵĺݻ
Ҷӣлл㣡ʱݼѾ˹ǧ˿Ժ㲵ϳ˿˿ƣһ֮£̶̼գŮȻһ
¹⡭Ҷоȣʵ
ǺǣҵԪ޶֧࣬Ų˶ˡݼȻһЦҲʣգһ᳤¡
Ҷ֣ǷзԪĵҩȽңȥлϹһż˵
ҶȴЦҡҡͷһ뵽ԴˮҶִԼĳ嶯
һƿʥѪĿаģҶһ£һΣȻһɫСƿ
ģ̫ˣл㣬ȥĹСŮӱлϹ֣صĵݼСһ𳤴󣬽ø鼫ãһݼΪˣ֣лȻ߾ȫ˿
ʥѪݼնһĨϲ𾪵ĿҶһۣûжԣϹߴ£ƿʥѪ
ڷõ˲䣬ǧ˿һ뿪ʼɺɫ֮һ仯ɻҰɫݼɫҲ࣬òҲ仯ڵࡣ
ȻʥѪ¹ﻹмƿ˵ţóƿʥѪ¶ۼĵݸݼ
⡭ݼԥˣʥѪ˵ǼΪĵرƿʥѪõȥԻȡһͽ
Ǻǣ¹ﲻؽ黳ﻹкܶ࣬ȨʶһҸİɡҶЦЦͳ
Ϲҧҧһ֣һƬɫУݸҶʥصҪƽһ飬ֻҪɣ͸㣬лʥѪ֮
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ϹȻҪ˴ĻرݼҲǵɴ۾ǱϹɱ֮ȴ뵽Ҫ͸ˡʥصƽǿħ۷Ĵڣһ죬Ƕ顣
Ӳؿʵ̫ӻԼźáҶҪƴǣȴϹᶨĿ⣬ЦŽӹλӣϾҪزرʶʶһͬǰ



һʮ 쾭
Ⱥɽһ⣬ʱӦʱǿ߷ӿ룬вОһĸǿߣ
һ̣س־ŷﳯƮһƬƬâ·֮⣬֮ɷ裬һƬͣ
ȻǴֱʣزرɵ´У涨ȻŴ鵤ҩĴڣ
ŵһֻһŻ񵤣ǱȻӡڵڶֻҪǽ룬ĴԵˣ
ڵزر֮ڵĹˣ̬죬ǾͶ֮䣬һʵľԪȻΪΪǿᣬ֮
ȿ֮ˣȻ˵ϴֻŵۣͷһ٣һ˿ɷǵζϹڴ˵أȻܹϳ˱꺮ѣ
磬Ѿиһûزر֮Уٲ룬Ǳ˽ȵˡڵɵˣһߡ
ǰ磬Ӧսپʶ԰ص˸͵÷ɺʹҲͬʱڣԴ㾡ҵʶ;
޷ǾʶǵزرŦôҵزرռؼһЩ鵤ҩΪȥʶҪ֪ʶ˵꣬ôױȡزرˣֵǣٺ٣˵Ѿ㵽ȷѾӴʶǴ˿ѾΪһ࣡Ѿǿ߽룬۹Ⱦ֣
ЦͨһԤ֪·һжץһ
ʣû˸ΥϴԸϾѾȹڶ󣬽֮ζȹ٣ؾСΪִһƵླߣ
λӣǽڣһռ䣬زرУһжŮȺɽ룬һڣغʯ·ô˹һ㣬صıԵһǽԿµĺۼڽӽɲǣһ𻯵ɵĸоƺһ֮أ
ϢƺǱ쾭Ϣʼпڴݼţͼزر⣬ҪĿ꣬һǱ쾭һ֮ʶ
쾭ôĿϹųƻʳƵ֮һǾܣֱ̧ܻصĴڣǺˣ伮֮ڸûмأף쾭ôϤĸо
ҶеһĸоһͨѪĸоͻȻǰһ
㣡Ȼļ̳˱ĵͳҲãڱѱ쾭¼ʱ͸㵱Ҷʱü˿ѪĸоȻȻǽ֮ǰ
ݼҪڣȴϹ£쾭ڼĻԵ˷ʱ䣬򣡡ڵϣȫעǽڵ
ӳǽٷ棬ʧǣٷȫǴ½ͨʽעĿһСʱûһ˿仯
ô£ѵͽܣΪҲ۷ǿߣսǵľǿߣս컹Ҫµߣĵͳüݣ
ҶڵĹâʼΪһ壬ΪһȻУһĶһ̣ɫʼ仯һķܹں˽ʮʱҶһĸоҪһ죬һԾΪϹŴܣ
ԭˣΪ쾭Ϊ棬Ȼ֮Ҷ̾Щͨʽϵһ֮󣬺ȻһµͼĸоȻҶΪȻȻĽ۷֮ϾҪ죡
˿̣ոںʮ棡
ӶҶû˿ɣľڷٵţʶķٶתѹµâȥڲԽԽ黯·ϾҪĥˣ
˼һĻһᾪ쳣Ϊ˿̵Ҷ㣬ľڷٵ֪ʱȻѾĶ˿ڣ֮
ؼӿͷȻһУͣ䲹ԪҶҪͻƺ˲һҪͻƵһ磬ΪӴڵĵռʵ̫
Ҳսǿ󣬾Ԫı׶ˣ£Ҫͻƾʵ֮ѣȻڱ쾭ϴ֮£ǽڹڵӡҶڣϹԪҲҶա
ʱҶ㣬һµУ˸𾪵ǣ֮󣬸ûͣ£ɷǣƺҪֱʮ֮һ㣡
ҶڵİٷѾȫΪһ壬һɽȻΰըǽӲӣһֽɫ̫һҶ㳹У
ϹһͻȻȻҶǽ֮Уâ壬ϣӲӵĹâأâ졣
ԾȻǿ˹ҸܵƺѾͻƵ죬ʮһ֮ңѵֻҪ㹻Ĵһɳ죬ʮ֮ȻǸţ˵ˣϹβס𾪣ȻһգҲвСջѾܵԼϾҪ֮ҽ죡
ʦ㣬ҲҪͻˣݼ͵̧ͷϹʵƺҪշ
ҺһֻҪǾԽһ硣ݼΪҲʼʵˣסʦĻҪһζܿƾ磬;סҪԺɾżĺôǽ쾳Ҳпܣ
ݼɻĵͷʦ㣬Ǵʦ˵ģǣǲẦģһ
ʱӲӵĹâʼȴ¶Ҷı˿̵Ҷ㣬Ѿõı쾭Ȼûȫ򣬵ҲඥĸоѹڷٶµâѾȥڲӡǱȫĥ
ΪϹ쳣𾪣Ҷ˿̼Ѿʮ֮Ͳʵĸ죬;Ԫ
ֻϧ㣬ҿֱʮҶ㺬ЦͷͬʱָһâŮڣǱ쾭İ壬һ֣Ӧһݣ
Ů¶һĨϲҪ֪쾭Ҫʥص̱仹Ҫһ˿壬ͨΪλߣȥ谭
лҶ֣
ӲضԣͽֵİҼɡҶ̾˱쾭ľѾȫ仯һĶԹԹѾ׽ҹ˿̵֮Ҷ㣬һҶ㣬ն
ǵĻԵȻõ˱쾭ǵĺҲõΪֹˣڰ쾭ңģҲһһ·
ʱһаȵɫޱ䣡



һʮ ǿ
壬һɳȪį̀ʱӴа֮˳ָҶ㡣
аŻۣһϢȴаȵĸоӽ壬ҶΪǸŮˣ
ļĴ¶һḬ֮̃ɫǲ֪Ķͱ쾭£Ҳһܴ󷢴ȱһ
ʶľͰļұضǣóôû뵽ɣǰ㻹ǰҫҪģҲŹ㣡ҹǰһнΪۻЪ˹أĩάһ䡣
ӣǰռβܵʱˣĪһϡбҪ׸٣Ϊһ̫࣬תǬҺɱڷ٣ӭǿƻֺ꣬˿壡
̫ࣿ
ϹŮ¶֮ɫһӣƺ˼գ˼ᣬϻһˮζڸסɧ
ɫһ䣬ŭӿڣаСӣһ·Ϊū㲻֪˱
ƶȻһ䣬ضа֣֮Ҷ㻤ѹ£
ǿߣ
ƣվȣɼλΪ֮ǿ
ླÿһ綼һ޴ĺ蹵е˶ʮһ죬ȴһҲ죬ÿһؾ磬һ޴Ŀ
ǿߣֱߣ˵죬ӣĴڣգ֮䣬ʮβֹ
˵Ҷ㻹ʱ򣬿ԺӣǿһʮԺǿ棡
ֳǿߣҶ㻹̫İգǣûаգûһսʵ
Ҫƾѹ㻹ԶԶ䣡۷ǿߣҲҳǣΪѹҵģҳ㣿̫Цˣ֮ˣֶͨ죬ѹкξ壡
Ҷ㳤Цһ֣һƻֺ굯صа˲併ϢҶǽ֮ǰ𡢺Źâ֣
СȻһ죬ŶʮˣҲԣʮ֮䣬ڱﲻϣȻҺԣЦ֮ȻʶʶʲôŽֶͨΣһϵƱɽһ㣬Ҷѹ˹
ħħָָֻĴָȦһԲʳָ⻯ɹߣһ㣬Ȼ׹䣡
̫ĿСԲȫ֮徹ȻԱ£ǿЦ֮
Ҷɫ΢䣬âž޷ܣ
ͣ
ս߾٣ʮսΪһ壬һգһһ𣡷һ죬ʱҡ
޾ĵɫâӴڶ͸䣬пϢһɷ籩ѹķ
֪ߵغھѵѵ㣬㣬ȡٱʱ쾭屩ŭ廯һ⣬ֱ˺˿ռ䣬źɱ
ἰ岻ȫʹ۹ʹڵһ̫࣬ĲиŬڳɾǿߣұǱ󣬾˵֮ڣܹͨΪλߣԱΪ壬Ȼڵ۹ȴһαӳһ壬оӣҲͨλᣬǰãϻߣ
֪ߵغ񣿺ߣѵһصжһ岻ȫ̫ѵңҶЦ⻯һʮսߺգħħָĹâ飡
ͬʱѪɱħ¾ɽһһأɱķӿɢȥɵı糹ױ˺飡
䣡
бıըǧâ˺飬ɱᴩ֮䣬ɱڿ衣
ԸǱŭɽѵĹɫ䣬ܵ羪κˣɱдϬ嫵ĺǵأƺҪ峹
ôܣ죬ʮ֮ôԴԴߣܣð̧һһϸ֡
ûʲôܣԾѹңˣشиǿûѹסңͨҶ㱩һͨѾ˳ȫ˼ɣ
սôô£ǰҪ½ʮңһͷֻ·ȴλ壬ڹᣬڹˣظ֤һܶźͷֿڹһǰɱҶ㣬
ܣɱҵȣɱھ֮زز̣ʱϹݼһһߣӶס
𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡸ƣڹɫ㣬ڴ֮ͨ£ľԪŭһ㼤֮ƺҪƿռ䣬ɽѣλµĵױ飡
һ̫Ҳóۣ㣡Ҷȳڡ

ʮսһſսһ𣬷죬ս֮޹âȴڹԺ䵽һ˿©ܼ
ȥƣҶ㾫Ԫתеĵ󿪴ϣһͬʱսǣȻȥ
壬ңϸ񽣣򷨽ƣڹܵǿҵвѾܵԼľԪڷţϸ⻪ɣ
ҶСǿҲ죡ھնɱ㣡
ˢˢˢ
ڹųâȻڿ籩һս֮Уסսȥ·ͨһɲ谭ľԪ޷
ͬʱϸһ㣬ΧµɱȻȥغصϢУһĨӰɱʱҶ壡
ҶһǵӰɱһ㣬ͻȻ֣ɲǼʧ޷׽Һ׻壬ɱ޷Ҫ
սУһ㣬УͿµķ籩޷˼ֺ
ȻڹĿһͣȻڹȻΪǿ󣬵ϾֻǸ̫࣬岻ȫʩչʽһ˿©
ɳѹ̫࣬ڵˣҶ۾һԪڣڣľԪȫӵǿд߶߽ͼڹᵱͷػʶɳ۶մ˸
ͣ
ڹɫ䣬ռ֮һһɲǣռ䣬ʱȫֹˣ
ʮս貵磬ڹסˣϵϸҲͣסˣĿʮսȻɱƿϸ˵һսĽϸı˳
ڹ˻ߣȻ֮ɫп־֣ô岻ȵģ
ϸĸһʧȥڵ۹ڵһǧɣȻҶսûһ˿ɣȻն䣡



һʮ ĵˮ
ƻãӨ͸˸ϸ΢Ĺâʮսһ죬ϸĽ壡
ڹ᲻Լ۾ĸͽȻˣžһ죬飬ϡϡ䣬ɢһأ
ͣ
âգս³һɱڹļͷһҶʱٶȰյĶʮ־׼Էһ˿һܵĻᣡ
ڹǸ̫࣬岻ȫǿߣҲⲻȱһ壬м©׽⣬һץסᣬױնɱ
ۣ
ѪŽڹļͷս飬粿ĹͷԱ飬Ѫʣֻŭһ˫۳Ѫǣ͵ĳһƣ屩˶ȥ
٣ˣҶͷϣͻȻһìӨ͸ǹ˸źâ˵һƿնڹĳƷ飬ͬʱȥƲȻ£
ȪìôܱܣлܱģڹʧɫʼҶ㲻мһ˵ΪļУҶֻܲٿɳɳֻͨλߣܷӳʵȻ壬Ȼ쳣𾪵ǣҶ㲻ܹ򵥵ĿʱͿռ䣬ܲȪì
ǧ磬ûҶ飡ȪìƷ磬ȥƲڹֻһ̫౻Ϊ壬Ȩûпɽһ⻹ǿЧҵģһЩ켶ǰֵһᣬԴ˿ͷȴ׽⡣
㲻Ҫҷļ쾭Ǻãھ͸ҹ£̨ҴȣҶһȣ̨ʶм۶ӲӵĹâ˰񷣬һȽȽ̫ӿӿڹɫޱ䡣
Ҹƴˣڹɫұ䣬ʱսȪį̀˭棡
һϢʼɢڹܿʼһɫУƺűը֮
ߣƾ㻹˵ƴԲȪìɱѹͨҶԪڰ˻ڵľԪһգʩչѹͨ

ȪìĹâӲӣɱעأƺƴٶȿ쵽˼£ƿУǿĻϢЩɵĻϢһȫǹڣ
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ڹ屻սȪìסѪע¶ҵʹ֮ɫͬʱѹͨѾӳֵڹϣһ˿û֮ɫϣ
˿̵ڹľսڲѣ޲øԼٸӣܹôãܹʳʲôȨƣͷ㾳أ
꣡꣡
ɭȻĹ֮ڹһѪ˫ϥݺݵ飬ڵϣң
ӿͨһ¹ڵأɫҰף㶵ĶҶ㣬񲻸ǰһĻһ㡣ͬʱп־ӰûڣΪʲôҪɱ񣬲ɱĸһ棬ŹǸ̫Ѿסˣڱ뿿Լӵ۾¶Թ֮ɫ
ǿսٴһȼϹһĨɫȻҲҶǿסˡ
̫࣬±Ͷ̥ˣҪƣ㣬ƾǵ㱾£ǰھ֪ʲôп־壬ܣҶ㻰ɭȻڵϵڹɫһ飬¶η֮ɫ
ۡ
Ҷ֣սħӶֿ쵽˼£ڹϵսìѾȻûеص˲䣬ҶѾӳһǧʮߵ
㡭áڹɴ۾ĿԼһƬƬѪⱻѣû뵽Լ³Ȼǰǧ
ձ֮գԣնջ壬̫ҲŹǶϣҲ³ʴȵģҶ㲢ûиѪ⣬ʹʹж۾ԪԪĵ
죬ʵ̫ˣңΪ߾ĵʯھͳȫ㣬㣡ͨҶһռڵתڣǿͨ
ȻҶĴͨʹĴͨһֻͨ壬ߣһֱӹڣУ
ҶڿתԴ飬ֻҪ㹻ͿԴˮ
Ҷмᶨǿ߶ȻܹԴˮ
ͣ
һڹ¶˼ɫֻоԼľԪϽˮڷӿֹ
ˣֻҪླǿߵľԪԴˮֻʵ̫СˣԶ߽ҶоϲڹѾɣԴڽˮ
ʱɫ䣬뵽Ҷ㾹ȻֶΣͨʩչˮѾܵǹˮ̺ǿߵľ
ߣҪӦ֪ҵյԣԲҶЦһָһâҪߵӽ
һǸС̫ʱ乬ȴ·˺ݷ˴ܶݣ;ƿ֮ʱǿУطѶ˵Ϊɣųɾʮ֮Ƕλ֮ǰҰǧɾԪҵЦ֮ǧѾɾʮôܻȴû뵽ҵĽȻӦԣǲֻʱ򡭡δ
ڹԵڵϣѵ˵ţ˵¶һĨ־壬ƺ˵ĳ·ˣݷˣ
Ҫ㲻ҪҪ۹ӣ㲻ɱңɱһɱ֮ģҪ
̱ڵϣÿնȴη壬岻ͣĺơ
ӵɵˣӶɱˣ㣿ЦЦ֮ҶҲϻͨʩչϾҲǿߣľԪ㹻һԴˮˣ
ͣ
ӵ弱ٱȥĿҲɢžһţҶ㽫ʬ߳ƬϲǣӵľԪҲһԴˮ֮ǰΣܹĵΣ
ǰԴˮ󣬵˿һԴˮ㹻ʩչδͨĵΣǿߣҲһ˿
²˳٣λӣǿزرڣѾӦѾ˲ǿߣҪٵˣͱһˣ
Ůͷ漴һûǽ֮ڣ˽ɲǣǽȻ飬һƬ̣ı쾭Ҳʹʧ
ǽ֮ڣҲǵزرⲢûʲôر֮ȫһɫķ䣬·ݺύ˭Ҳֲ巽
ףռйŹ֣ҵͷôεģۺҪ˯һݼüһɴδеϮôҲϲȥ
ҶϹһҲָо˵߿ԲɼԪԵֿ˯⣬ôǿҵ⣡
Ǿ򣡡˶һۣͬʱѿڶ



һʮ ʶ
Ȼˣ֮ΨоѴ죬֪˭˵Ĵֱʣ˵زرôľ򣡡Ϲ̾ӵϣһöʯȻΪ˶Կ׼ġ
زر⣿ⱦ⵽˭ȼģӦֻһ̳ߣǴߣҿȷ֮ˣȻѾͻƷ˵壬ѿռĹƣȻѾ⣬УҶĽ֮顣
ݼ۾һ漴ȥ̾Ϣ乲мָ壬Ϲŷ˴ۣŮۣʵ㾪ɾ޵ֹ۷֮便˭ܹɾ󣡡
һܳɣ۴϶پٶѶΪҵĵʯҪռˣΪһ󣡡Ҷ죬иӼᶨԼĵ·һ̣ռ俪ʼ˻ƺͣ
һɲҶʶķٶʼתռڵľעһ㣬ʶڣʶȻ÷ƽ˾ɫĺϣһ㵭Ĺâ
ʦ
Ȼдԣô̶̵һɲǣȻ򣬶һĻԵǴֻۣһµĲΰɣϹһ̾ҲȻȲǬʮʣҲԺʮȼ磬Ͼֻʮ꣬Ǳ޴ޱȣ֮ʶʮȫڻ£ǣڿҶٶִܸ֮У
ʦ㣬ҲļʦԣĻԵδƽ˵ǴԵߣԺĳɾͻᳬʥصˣЩ쾳̫ϳϣݼϹǳȰ
ݼʵϣ쾳һʼ۷廹Զ֮Զڴ½ϱΪǿߵĴڣϹֻǸСӣǲһСӣҪ취֮УǿߵĿˣ
ݼĶϹû뵽Լʦ㾹Ȼ׳־񶦾ûֻһܹΪ˾쾳ǿѾӡ
жߣжݼǰʶǽ¿ʼɣϹһָһâѨɲ֮䣬ݼе嶼ɱ䣬Ӿ壬ȫ
лʦ㻯ԭǰֻǾ֮ܣڼΪʦ֮ģڶ֮ŮǶôЦݼϹ֮ǹѣ޻̸˵ûаΣʮȻ
Ϲ΢΢һЦûжԣʱҶ·Ƕ˶޷ֻ֣һһɽ޷׽
ľԽԽֲˣǴۣƾԿླǿߣݼпƾǲκԼΪ
һ̣ҶȻ۾ۣƱã
ƺռľ򣬵ûУģģ״̬ռľķٶڣٶԽԽʵϿµľ񲨶Լоľ
˿ӡҲٶ֮ڣΪһ˿ķ򣬴˿̵ķٶ⻪ɣʶڶռͷȫǹɳѪɱħ¾ɽȪìʮս̨аĹâħڲ֪侹Ȼٴν׶Σ֮
һ׬ˣҶϲִһŮڣϹ¶һĨ𾪡
ǾѵѾˣ
һ˿һ˿Ҳ㹻ǶᱦˣҶ¶һĨЦݣٿ֮ģһȣű˹ȥ
ڵڴȻվһǿߣڲԶ߸ǿƿնһҡΡ
磬ˣиǿϢˣǴ̸֪һϢ
ߣҲǸһļһΪǣʱסɣȥȡǾʶǱ쾭ҲһһҵѾ֪һŴԵܹ񾳾ҪˣסĿıʶûֹܹǵõ𱦶ûˣ־ĵ˵Ҳһս
˵ĲѾõ鵤ҩһǵõʶ붦ԭʼĸҲʲô£԰׵Ҳ¶ЦգǴ䣬ڽһ䵤֮ڣһ鵤ҩһգ
ǵȻдڣһʲô͵
ʱ÷ͻȻһ磬㿴ﾹȻ˽ˣŮôôϤǵˣʶ棬ɲҪ⼸СϺ׽֣ʱһ񣡡
ߣˣȻû󣡡һ¶Ц꺮Ѹ֮УԼٶȳҶ˵ǰ
Ϲݼɫһ䣬ŭ˱˺ǵˣ˼ۺ죡
һյ統ͷȣһͰˮݺݵҶԴϣ͵̧ͷǵӰӣ
ʲô
ߣ󣬻Ҷ죿ٹһȣֱҶѪҶ˫סȭͷѪһǰδеŭǻ
ҪɱɱҪɱˣ
ȭͷͣȴٳûг֣ڲǻᣬһ֣ٲȻֶΣܹʩչͨΣ蹵ľǰһжãֻ죬ԶԶǞһǿߵĶ֣
紺һըҶĶʣ岻ͣͷ͵úܵͣԽԽͣпҪʳѪŲƶϹݼ𣬵ǿס
ѵûϴĻ𣿽մүãһȫҹ˷Цվǰ˲ɫĿһ˲˲ĶŴš
ߣû뵽󣬲һдҪûɱǣȡ´ǣǻҷ֮ʱòʵǰ㹷ƨǣɵһУݺݵҶ࣡
Ѿɱ⣬ŭӿһɱ˿£ҲһҪôִɱһˣһȺˣ
һҪɱǣһҪǳǣóһɱɱҶ۾ѾѪɫ廹ڳźƶţóһ·
ɱ⣿ɱұ𰡣ôҸ㣬ǰһҵָͷ㣡ӽãһ·԰صָҶ㣬Ц
ߣҶͺһѵƶԶ˹ȥ֪Щ˲ɱڲɱΪǸˣǸΪɲ⣬Щ˸ûаնԸȴնɱ
ߣҽߣ԰صЦ͵һơ
Ҷɫһ䣬еɱ͵˼㣬һΣܿǰƣɽҡ˼£ʯ׹أ
㻹ҷǻĲͷˣ԰صһŭҪ֡



һʮ ᶦ
һֹ֣ס԰ص˵ĶˣҪתҶ˵Ƕɣǣ´ξûôˣ
ҶȭͷѾɱ⣬ɱһҪɱǣ
ߣȥᶦǲҪʶǺãȥǼƻգҪΪʮ֮ʱȫɱ⣡ҶϵɱȻɽվϹݼҲеľս
ãɱǣһҪɱǣϹݼ˫ųɭȻɱ
ҪνǼ䷿ң
ߣ⾫ķ򣬿ڰȫٶĿռȥʱЩ˶޷ǣܾ֮ʱһٶᶦҶĿɭȻͬʱתԪǷٶȻӰȥѾ޷֡
ٶ뾫֮ѾٳһգʹĹܲֻ࣬ٳգȴװˣ
գҶһϹŮһͬûٶ֮ڣ˿̣ٶһƯռ䡣
⴦ȷ֣ǲǿƲ԰صȿڣ˵ʵͼλǿߣ
ߣ룡ĵرе߾֮Ѿ˲鵤ҩ㹻ˣĪҪΪ̰ģɥǾͲֵˣʱȻعͷһ⼤԰صɫһף͵һѪŵź¶֮ɫ
˺ǿΪڷٶеϹɫһ䣬һۣܰһǿ߻ˣ˵ΪѾ˞һ۷ֻ֮һ֮ң
˹ǿֻ֮ԽǿԽð߸ϹˣǵʱҲԼˣҶЦ˵
쿴꺮ѵϴɳˣ
ֻһһ͵קס԰ص˺壬ͬʱָһһ⼤һϬĽɱ˹ȥ
ߣһһСҲҪһ̫쿪ˣҹͻȻһȣ̧־һȭۡһָȻϨȻȭ糱ûһ˿ͣͣɱ˹ֲ֮£꺮е˸оԼһ㣬ܱ
Ҷɫٴα࣬ȥ֣еɱٴٽ㣬òʱסĿסţȴһû룬ȡʶ
ƣƣƣɫһŭȻ֣סȵȭ⣬ͬʱѺҳ֣ѾԪңնɱ
ѻ⣬âţԴԴϵľԪӿɵڣͬʱͳҩһ̣ǶڷٶڵҶ㣬ҲܵǹɿµϢƺܰزر屬ˣ
죡
ǲҲɫ֮ϣÿһ綼һ蹵һͻƣնɱһ̽ȡɱһף
ãǿұٞǿɱħȭǿڱʵӿ춼ȭӰÿһȭɽ֮һɴͨ
ħ壡û뵽ħ徹ȻҲҹˣ㾹Ȼħ壬һҽɱʱ˻ȡԤĺôںһȭʱɶȻѣħ壬置һ˵ĳУ
٣֪ҲҪɱȥͣû£ʶұȡã֪ħݵˣҪħħ˿ЦţµĶûһ˿ԽԽ죬ԽԽ͵ĴѪӿ岻ͣĺˣѾѪ
ħߵΪܺᲢۣǴﵽ˞һ죬սԺ͞ǿѾǞһ۷壬սǿޱȣ
ȻڷٶڵҶ㣬ȴ¶һĨ̵ЦݣһСʱһЦݣɱɣɱɣǸħԽǿԽãˣұضնɱ㣡Ƕ
飡
磬ʩչУսپħʵ̫Ѳˣ÷ɫҰףޱȡ
¶һ˿ԥƺмΪɻ䣬ħµȭ⣬һĨϣ꺮Ѻ󣬽ɱħͷȥȡʶ
Ҫ֪Ź涨ɱħߣӦȼȡԵĽǰһ۷ħ壬ÿԵõһö쵤쵤콫ûκ飡
٣ħͷ㷽ŰĿҪƴѵеǿЦ¾ϲҸûʵĽڣעȫҪ˵أûһܻ뿪ʶֻһǱң
ħǿһЦиһںڵĵɢѪϢȻһͷĻɱȥ
һ̣г˲ͣıУǣѣ֦ǣһɲȻ֯һ߱켶ڽ֯һ̣ȻɢϢ
˻ģͬ壬ɱеĳӲӣԡ£Ŀ¶һĨĪΪǞһħ壬Ǿ㣬ھƷĿ־壡
䣡
û˿ԥȻ֣Ȼħ𾪵ǣŻɺѴ˿Ҳû˿˼ɣɱ
Ϊ𾪵ǣΪȻȫһǞһ죡һˣħûŵðҲֻǞһ۷֮ͻȻð߸һߣħҲܲˣ
ǸɱңӾȥᶦʶ֣ٽһɱɾħһһת԰ص˵һϣ
ãѴҿˣｻңǿȥᶦɫһ䣬Ҳ˲ʧΪˣץһѵҩȫ磬סħȥ·
ûᣡڷٶڵҶ㣬ǰһݵһ£оʶķڣڴսͷûע⵽һ΢Цĳ
ƾҲסɱɱɱֳѪĹâ۵һȻɵ壬һ˲ɵľԪ˳˴룬ʱɱȥħ壬룡
ħٶ˿֮ڶȻڳ꺮ѣҲˣʱʧȥж
ãħٶʵ̫ˣٶҼ٣٣ʶõҶһҧһԴˮ죬ɲǼ䣬Ԫǡ
ڿµľԪ߶֮£ٶٶҲſ쵽˼£
ʶҵˣĪɺΪ´󹦣սˣұضܹͳ˧һνְ֮࣬ǶҪĪɺţھʶһɲǣ꺮ѵ÷ѾĪɺһɣ˿̣Īķ֮ڣֻһˣʶǰֱ̧



һʮ ԭʼĸ
һ̣꺮ңһβᱦûɣ˷۱ȫˣѾɥȪ˵ʧأ
Īɺڿϲ֮£˾ʶһһĸо
ñȻǺñʶĪɺˣԺħĵλ˭ܺսˣұΪͳ˧ʮˣĪɺЦҺ˼Ѫһ
ħ壬ⱦܱаħߣɷŭţħƻѾվĪɺƴˣ
Ȼһ𾪵鷢ˣĪɺЦҲϣȻʶƺųҪ󶦣ȡ߻ħ壬Ǹ鷢ˣʶȻĪɺʹö᲻
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ϲ󱯲ˣΪ꺮ѣ԰Ȼõȴû뵽εʶ޷ƶǶƲ
ҲԵˣĵرе߾ֻ֮ҲĴˣֻͬң˸᲻ʱһվЦ·Ѿһ㣡
˵ʲôƨܣȻ󣬵û飬ܴѡ˵㾹Һʶʣµ˶úȥɱħȭұĪɺױˣĹɱ꺮ѣ
ھʶ֮УһһܵķٶгӰҶˣħ꺮ѹҧЦ
ؼʱ̣Ҷ̷һԴˮٶȼԦٶʻʶ֮УҶڳһɲǣʩչ֮ͨһѾʶıԴѹסʹĪɺ᲻ʶ
ȻĪɺЦ־һɲǣҲʶҪ־ܹ̫ˣԲŶ˱ҶȵǣҲҶϲĵطϢĪɺпܻӵԹ
죬Ǿʶ࣬ԭʼĸɵΪһһ˼Ҷ㻶ϲĿűѹڷٶԭʼĸ
ԭʼĸɫ˿һһһĻҪ֪ÿһ˿ԭʼĸһƽ׿ռ
Ҷӣ˼ЩԭʼĸǽһݣϹɴµʵڽʶʱѾߵľ裬½붦ڣԭʼĸҶԴ󷢣ѶŮɱȻȴû뵽ǣҶ㲻ûɱǰԭʼĸ󷽵͸ǣ
ĪıҶȡʱ֣԰ӣûһ˿⣬֮ǰг޶ˣĺô͸ңϹôҲ벻ͨݼҲüҶ˾ٵȷ벻ͨ
㵱Ҷִˣ˶ҺãȻʮٱĻҪңҶȻҪնɱնݳϹҶʱ򣬳Եѣ¹άҶΣҶֲ֪֮ˣȻһͬõԭʼĸȻһݣֻʶдãͲ͸λˣڲֻҪǧԭʼĸʣǧ͸λӣҳȥնɱ꺮ѣԴˮҲһ͸λӣ
Ҷ㳤ЦӶ˵ӣѾϤǵ˼ʱƣܹһɱ꺮ѻĪɺ֮ʱ
СŮС֮ĶȾ֮빫ˡԵҶ㣬Ϲۼղ¶һĨߺ죬Ȼ˿̾Ȼӯӯһ򸣣ԱǸ⡣
ҶҪǵĲ֣ҲȻ֮˫⿪ĽᣬദҲǢݼһ˫ĿǸм֮ɫ
λӣضӦþЩĸΪѾܵռΪԭʼĸĴڣʱ䷨ѾŤһ꣬һСʱǿ
˵ͷʼʶԭʼĸһ˿˿֮ڣҶоԼıøµǣڵı忰һ켶
ԭʼĸɲЩԱģЩԭʼĸسϢһ˿ԭʼĸ㹻Ҷӯһϣʮ㹻Ѱ˴Ͼ
һǧƽ׵൱СǴСˣֲ֮
Ҷ㶢Щĸ۷⣬Щĸ϶ھŻϣʮϣǵʮһϣ
ھʶڣŤʱ䷨ڣǵʱ伫Ϊ㣬һ˿˿ԭʼĸʼҶΪҲ˳׵ɱ䣡
ʮ֮һ۵Ḷ́ԭʼĸһбüΪ򵥣ĸҶ壬ʹһ뵤ԴһδγˢڵҩҲʼ
ڵʮµʱɹʮ֮һٽʮһ죬Ҫǣڻ˴ԭʼĸԺ֮·Ҳÿ
ԭˣһ;ѣҪ죬˭ҲסңɱɱҵĵûܹҲУ
ҶԽԽᶨһ̣ڵʵʣӰΪһĳΣĴ֮ڣҲʼγɽγһԭʼȻ磬ֻ֮ڣû飡
ʦ㣬ȻǸ̶̵̥ʮ£ʮһ첻˵ƣʥЩڵҲûзֹ⵽ʲôϢôǿ󣡡ݼһ𾪣ȻҶڵ״̬Ѿ֪
⾹ȻҶȻ츳ݼҶԲͨˣпдˣʱ䣡Ϲ˵óˣ˾壬ݼһμʦʧӡ
٣⻹һҪϣֻлŷǱѰľԪ֧ʩչͨնɱǿߣһʧܣ񶦣Ҳûа취ߣߣƴˣҶ㵥ٵԭʼĸһȫڡ
ˣˣ
ԾĻϿʼӴ֧£ھŴϵĳοʼɣһΪԭʼĸĴڣɲѡ
ȻҶĲֹˣҪʮ͵ʮһϣֻʮһȫɣаնɱһľǿߡ
ȻôǶܾˣ
Īɺħ壬ҲҺΣֻҪЭȻܰħͷնɱʱ˻ȡȡʶѵб»Ҫ𣡡
һڼĪɺ᲻ʶѾΪԼǴ˵Ӧ컯֮ˣŵ֮ɫ֪񶦣ѾΪҶ֮֪ɫ侫ʣ



һʮ ײ
ǧԭʼĸԲҶڵľܹģĴ󵨵ĻӻȻ۵ҶڵĸһžѪܶ£ÿһƤÿһ١
ʮٵĽ壬ֻаȫٴ籦壬ͨҪǿĵزʱʮϲлɣ
һ£ĵĸչ
˿̵Ҷ㣬Сָףͷ࣬ҶȫӨ͸ʯһ㣬ϵĲӲӹԣ·޾
ʦ㣬Ҷ治ǳ֮ŵǹϢѾǿ־壬Ϣٴһ̨ף治֪ʲôǿᣡݼ̾һҶȣǵʵ̫ˡ
ԭʼĸϹԸԳ۷֮ϾҪ죬ݼ⣬ʮ죬һ죬ֱӽĳ磡
ˣѾܵõҶϴĿ£ǶǿߣҶǰûսʤİգ˵Էһֱѹƶˣ
ǰվ̫࣬ǧԭʼĸֻҪʱ䣬Ȼܹ̤񾳣Ǟ죬Ҳڻ£Ϲʴţ죬̤ϵһ
֪ΪΣڤڤ֮Уܸоһ˿޵ǣٳɳҪȥһأȻΪߣ۽缫ΪһħǿߣҲδ֮Ҳʮֺΰ
ͣ
ʱѾʮҲ˳ΣʮϺϲͬϣλŦ֮أ
ã̫ˣʮһǧԭʼĸڣʮϣһ壡Ҷ㱩һʣһǧĸȫûҶڣʮϻ๵ͨޣͬʱֺ׳ڳâӲӣһֺĴ磡
죬ԽԽֲܵʮһӡѾɶˣҪ̤ʮˣݼ㶵ĶҶ㣬˿Ҷ㶸ȻͷȻһЦ
ѪծѪҲǱʱˣھͼԦʶײǣϹĨɱһεԴˮҶɭȻĺ羪κˣɱƻʶĶǣ
ãҪǳǣϹݼͬ¶֮ɫŮǰܹǵݺһǰܹǵ裬˳𲻱γɾ۷壡
ʶײǣҶû˿ԥľԪӿۻʶڣʶ˵εض𣬺ԥɭȻĴ
쾵ӳ֣Ϲһһ⾵ɣƾյӰֳսΣ
˿ǽ岻Χħǿߣ˫ִ£˴⣬Ѳû÷ɣ԰صˣд̶ѾˣڵϹӲдҺ쵤ҩӳ֣ͻˣ
Ȼһ̣֮ѺĪɺɫȻһ䣬ȻƴľʶȻεض
һ̣˶о죬ǺȻʶȻŲ԰صײ˹ȥ
ôܣʶѵ޳飬ԼܹԦԼܣҵģҾǴ֮ˣǸ׼ģôܣʲôģҪǣѹ֮УһʧţĪɺûаᶯʶɲǣΪʶѡеļ̳㵸ϧֵܵΪҲҪնɱħͷʶ
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˶˵˭ΪʲôǹĺսȷսܸܵԼ飬ʾ
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԰صѾˣһ̣ͼǣʶٶʵ̫ˣԽ٣
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ըѣѪŽ԰ص˷ʹţļٸͷʶײ飬Ѫעһ䣬ɲǣҲ֪˭Լ˴ޣ
µǣ޶ûһ˿ֹͣ˼ǴŲ԰ص˵ݺݵĺǽ֮ϣҶȻڻʶڣҲеһѪ˺ѵĸо
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ߣܣһɲʶ֮һֱۣѱҳĲ԰صʶڣ
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ô㣿㣬Ȼȡ˾ʶҵ֪Ľ֣ض㣬ǣ԰ص˱ץʶڣҶˣɫʱ䣬ݶ֮š
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һ̣һâ԰ص˵ڣͨԴתһԴˮɡ
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԰ص˵ʬ屻˳ʣ꺮ѵɫһףʵ̫ˣ
Сӣ㾹ȻɱʦܣȡҵľʶҪɱ㣬ǣѹڵóԼҲ԰ص֮飡



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ʲô֮㲻ǸؾС߶ѣȻҷ˴󻰣ɱʦ֮ʣھһ㣡һڼ֮£ѾȣɱȻѾ³ˡ
λӣһ֣ȸɵǸ÷ɺʹ̣һ˵ڶУҶԵ
ͬʱ֣ȵľʶڣһʶ͵ػж÷ɳײȥ
٣Ҿ֪СͲʶˣϻʶҪֻвϵʶˣһѾһɱʱٶȶյļΪ׼Ҷֶƺʮ˽⣡
ߣһΪһᱻó𣿰׳գŰɣ꺮ѻʣ¼ˣҶͻȻ̷һԴˮԪǱʶϢơ
ͻȻת˷򣬳þֱײȥʣµ֮УֻΪΪҶ֣ԶԶǶ֣
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ңɫҰף岻ͣ󿿣ͼȣȻʶٶʵ̫ˣ̷һԴˮ֮£Ȼ٣
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꣡
û˵꣬Ȼֹȡ֮һɭȻĹ֮
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ɼűһѾΪʱһһгѪѾŭ֣ҶȻɱ
ûкҩҪ־͹׾۲ʶ̩ɽнղ״ߣȻ㵱һҾͰֱ飬ɢ䣡Ҷᣬֺ飬һɲõʬҲ룬ͬʱһԴˮ
ߣϵˣҶһԦž޶ѾٴμĿ÷ɺʹ̣ԭ˱һɻţҶ㻹ҲᣬһɲľԪȻɢͬʱѷٶڵĸַȫ˳ȵһţϹݼһ𣬰ʶĿռ䳹ˣ
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ĪɺȻֳƿ죬㲻ڼΪôôˣҪħ壬߹Ҫϲľʶ飬
飡飡
ӶûܿסʶǞ񾳵ǿҲУ
÷ɣ㵱ʱЦúܻôЦˣЦǵϣڣҵбϣ϶磬̧֮ǣҶ꺮ѵĺѾһ߶ȣɱǾԲݣ
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һɱγɣѾΪ⽴Ĵ̵ϣ˲䣬ĲҺڶգ֮䣬Ŀ˶õĴ̱ʧȥϢѹһڵϣһĻɼͨһ¹ڵϡ
㣬Ҫɱңûжʲô㡭ľѾױˣҶĲֶʶˣɲӳֵԼϣ
ߣҲҶȵ޶ٴٿգݺݵ׹أѱɼѹͬʱһԪԴڣһεԴˮ
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ϵһЩҩѾΪݣǸһݣҶһ֣㽫ҩŮС
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ҶƤһ͵ƳϹһۣɫȻûзʲô糣ɫ˹
ͳԵΪ˸ϹĵģӰĵΪʥصʥŮȹһ٣Ϲٵ䴦Ҷ㵹ϣ
СɱλãһҪңһɿҽУ˿̵ֱðȻѾΪһħ
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꣡꣡
ֱ۱飬ɱѹڶףȻһɲٴδҶıȣҹ
Ϊеķߺ֮飬ɹ
СңұضҪǣóҧгݣѾʶѹ
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ߣԲȻϲǣھͳȫ㣡˿ҶеĲ쾡ʧȥϻָɫʡ
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ãܺãʶ࣡һĹâĪɺڣ



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ʮ˿ԭʼĸڿʼھʶֱȥϵħΪֹҶһָʮ˿ԭʼĸڡ
ĪɺǼüʮ˿ԭʼĸұ֤ܹڶʱͻƞ죬һµ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷڰ֣ĪɺӰûʶڣкϹŮһȥ
ιСһ󱦲أܹõġԲ⣬񾳣˵ģħСԹһĵزرת˺ܶ죬ȴһá
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˵Щħ쳣˷ܣȻʱĶȴһȡ
ħһЩаӰǵǰСҶӰʱ˷ܵǲͣ
С˽𣿡ϹЦСԴ
СһĨɻ漴¶ЦݣƺϹć¡
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ҶĬһᣬʥǵʲôط
٣ﲻԶ²˳٣ȥ
һɿֲȻɱһħԶȻħȴ˷ܵĴʥǵͷӡ
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ħۿǣһ֮ǵĹҶЬ⣬һ˿η壬һĨǣƺڹӭˡ
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ûһŮģһ˵һѣȻŭ죬ΪݺĹȡ
漴ӯӯݵĵݺμˣݺһݣ
ħһ㶣ͻȻлûҶģеˣ˺ͱżĹϵսᣬпǻһĴˣƵҩֺҲĻԵһ죡
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ҲãôΪ㲹ȱźҲҵ˵һЩôҶһ֣ǧԭʼĸ˿ʣ²ʮ˿ķݺ壡
ʲôԭʼĸȻõ˾ʶݺʧɫǵǰҲΪԭʼĸֲźֻϧʱƣ֪٣ӡڴ˵أûԭʼĸĹӦ©ԽԽ࣡
Ҷ趯쾭İ崫ݺڣһƬľתļ䣬ݺʱüֻҪ˱쾭İ壬а֮ڣײ񵤻ź
Сʱݺ˫͵ſһ˲䣬ηƱãһģģӰһĴ
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콵ţû뵽滹ǽˣˣ˵Ĵ߻ڵڶܴУһϣٲݺʼ
ʲô˵ʲôߣǲǳģҶһֻ̧ûһŮӣ
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ҽ㣬ôˣң
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²˳٣죬ھţڶֹ˽룡ҶԲصһĸޣ
㣬ģҲκµģҶסȭͷ
ݺԥһ£Ų˭ܹȹģûлԵ˭Ҳܶȹ쾳ǿҲУҺҲһ򵥵飬ֻó׼ſ̤ţ˱쾭ҲһܹȻȹţΪ֮ϱ仯Ī⣬һ˲䣬Ϳǧֱ仯һղãٲԣС澶ȰϣСΪ



һʮһ ׹
ŶҪʲôĬƬ̣Ҷǿѹס飬ʵ
ҪبŲƵļףֶֻϣŲᱻⶴҷ𣡡
ȻѾ𣬵⣬âȻ֮⣬˭ֻҪؽܵصĳͷΪۣ
ʵϣŵΪ˴йͨãֻܹͨⷽأµĴУ
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بŲƵļףѵ˵ǸʱħС˳˿̵һһݹԪΪʵȻѾ˼ߵľ硣
ǶͻˣСȻ죬ħҲڻعнˣСеʧ֮ɫҶԵҿԸһ˿쾭İ壬ֻҪ򣬶Ȼܹ֮
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ҪЩ׵İڷƺϹĳǿ󷨣˳Ѿ벻ľ磬Ҫﲻ죬֮ضħ˼ĵˣ뼫ΪƻʲôԼº·һҲ⣬˶Ϊ£Ҳ꣬ǧ֮ٶȳ֣٣ЩҲֻ˵İ裬һֿ֪µĽƣ
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Ƿˣ뾹Ȼرڴˣħ˷ܵĴţͬʱħڣ͵ڷ֮У
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죬нټͽнҲʮ߽ûУЩҩҵ죬ʥҩ񵤣ôô࣡ϰҩʤЩҿԽʮ죬죡Ҷ㳤Ц
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ߵǵһˣˣҲ㹻԰ˣ
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ƺ߳ŭˣâ͵һһſ֮һߵļŵƣȻɱ
ƣЩˮӰߵߵһһЩͼ߳ױ飬ճѪˮˮ֮У



һʮ 
׹ǣ޼᲻ݣبŲƣƣƣƣϹâҶǿľԪӵںһ˳ȥ
磬ҶɲóȻڣᶨһ󲽣һ̣ؿʼҡΣˮӵĺˮӿ˳죡
죬ǿ˻ʮ𣿡
ԣǣǼ׹ǣǲƲ׺˵بŲƵļ׹Ǵõļ׹ǣǿƳı˾
ߣռأһ֣ͬǿ߶һۣڼڵλҪõأûبŲƵļףΨмһ;
һ̣һѪâˮӵĺӰѪɫĹâ֣
ãҪô׼һ˾ѣǸܵ˵Ŀԣܿ⣬׼ȥ
ߣ˭ҲӲˣȫҼ룡˵ʵΪȻһ۷ǿߣվߣǞһǿߣ

һʱҽ˷ʼļ붼һЩླǿ֣߳ȻڣȻ˞񾳣Ƕ۷ǿߣ˭ܵУ
ϣҶһȭɫĹâȥڼӹ̵ļӳ£بŲƣ
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Ҷٴһһ˿Цȭɽ֮ը죬ⱻ飬Ĺʼ𵴣Ų
ߣƣƣƣµ羪Σ𱩷꣬Ļ֮ϣŭ˳죬ţ
ѵҪţǶȹСӣƾһʮһϣҲҺԣǸһǿ¶һĨЦһָ
һָȻ͸ţܹ⣬Ҷɱ
ѣҲԲ𣡡һŲ⾹ȻһߣҶָ⣬Ȼ䣡
ΨҶ˵һؾǿ߱Һ͞ǿ߶ʮ֮кβң
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ָһ죬Ȼ£ӲӵĹâһ̫ɱ£


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аԾϺеΪҪȵɱͨһͷֹУְᣬһĲᶨͻᱻջ֮ڣ
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նԪѾڣʩչСŲͨ˲Ƴȥĺλһɢޣ

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Ҫ֪һ񾳣ÿһ㶼ޱȼѣҪͻһ磬ҪϰĿޣĻԵÿһսΪ⣡
һǿߣԵʮһǿߣ¶ܼնɱһǿ߸̽ȡ
նԪܹΪ죬նɱҶ㲻ڻ£ϾҶʮһ۷ߣҲҺϹûг֣һ˿̳֣ʱûκλأ
Щ񾳵ǿ߲һңȫ˼ʱˣʵĶǣͲļҸֱɱҲöռأϹһ㶼ɵҶ֣ЩǿϤնɱΪϹҵǿߣܷ飬նɱ֮ͬˣΪһ֣ʱЩĴ֮̽£ضǨŭϹңԣҶã
ڶбڣû˿Ը嶼ųм񾳵ǿᡣ
նԪһеʱǿɫһ䣬֪ϼͨԽնɱǿߣֻնԪȼʩչҲƤë˵αͨ
ԲѣƬرɻһƬ٣󿪴ϣĿĺȻ˺ǹâ䣬ѾһԴˮһնԪĽжһ
նԪҾʶʶʲôͨͨҶƿʼ仯ֿݽ߻ϢӿŵĹâȻʧɫŭ͵صͳȥѹĹҲͣ
ʲôͨҵ죬һֻʮ֮ôʩչλߵͨҲɫ



һʮ ͨ
ܣѾʧǧ꣬ͨûôܣϹһ֮ɫϾҶչֳͨʵ̫ˣ
Ӳճɳسĸ󻼣һǬǬɫ
䣡䣡䣡
صž޲Ѿֹѣǻɵǹâ˺飬նԪ¶һĨ־֮ɫһҧ͵һھŵ׺ѿ屩˶ȥ
ߣܣǸոտʼҶȣȻ䣬ͨĿ¿⣬һͷǣ
һݼŵĹâչֲ֣Ĳ˶ݣһ㣬֮µնԪоͬһСڴƮ
ۣ
ǹµʽԱնȻͨĿ²Ÿոչ¶նԪһ־壬ͣ趯ǹֽ֯磬Դݹ޼£
ֻͨȻǿޱȣԺ͞һǿնɱʩչ£һԴˮѾˣ
ߣھնɱ㣡ͨͨͨҪҶһˮԪȻǣһʹͨ
ҵ죬ͨͬʱʩչʲôֽ̥еɫҲף⹬ڵȻǵѹ˼֣ȫҶϣ֪𾪵ĸǴͨͨͬʱʩչĿ£
жپԪԻӻѵĳλתϹҲˣǞǿߣҲֻǿʩչСͨҶʩչ־Ǵͨ˿вһĨɱ
Ҷ㣡ѵɱңҿϼҸ֣ٴ䣬ϼұضиǰʱ޷֮նԪеԼΪţٴμͨеͨ⻹Ҫ£ƾݹܹ࣬նһ
䣡
µļӳϣնԪܵţն𣬼ľԪȶɲǣȫ˺飡
նԪѪɫȫѪմȾŭ𣬺ȻеһУڴͨǰԱݹնϣ
߹ߣȫˣ˭֪ҵɱˣҪֻ֪һʮߣǣҲ벻ңϼҸΣһа취նɱ޻أɣ
ΪնݳﾡԻ
ããҲùͨɱΨһָоǾǿ־壬޾Ŀ־壡
ȼҵԪɣһУնɱԷҵ֣նԪ˫ĿѪ죬ģҶҲһ˿Ǽȣ裡
һ̣նԪΪڽԪת巢ž죬̬ģҲʼ仯һˣĿͦΣȰĴճȭɱ˹
ɵϢһµɭȻĸоҶ壬·ǹâϮƥ֮ɨķҪҶ㳹׽ɱ
ߣҲʩչͨΣͨҴ򱬣նԪھ·ҶЦһŲ͵һ̤źһˮӵĺˮȻĻϣˮȻǿڼ׹ǰԵüΪδ壬㱻ˣ
飡飡飡
潣â֮ϣתͨİ壬ͱһ𣬿µĹâֺ꣬ƿֱ֣ɲ񷣬Ĵ񾳵ǿҲһ
Ѫɱħ¾ɽ޼᲻ݣ飬֮飬â죬һǰµʿͣǰУҲŲͣζ
նԪɫΪѿѾȼԼµǱ޷ԿҶ㣡
СӺǿҿָĶ֣һΣüͷնɱҶ㡣
նԪѶϣǾҲǰ׾ȣȴʱСһ׻ɱ֮ϣϹЦţնԪ˻ãܳȣ
Ǽλǿйâһûгֵ˼
䣡
һ죬ҶʩչͨƳնԪеķأը촫ĴǿɫͬʱһףɵĹҲͣζб֮⣡
ۣ
ѪŽɱݺݵĴնԪؿڣ֮նԪ徹ȻѪעѪţ
ˣýˣնԪ㻹ɱУʩչɣѹͨҶ㳤Цһʮս׹ǣĥ̴ȭͷóƬնԪһ쳣ʺѪ
նԪһʮս࣬Ѫ֮Ѫ
꣡
Ǹ˻ɵǹڰգһɾӿ룬Ƭ
Ǟ񾳵ǿߣϣΪλߵģСӣããûϵ㾹ȻʩչͨҲҪһ汳ģնԪ˿̾Ȼʮ򶨣ϳһɫҩ
˲쭵û·ˣնȥҲΪΪۣԭҲһͨˣöҩûһ˿һϣˣҲһ¡
٣նԪ봹ЦǱ֣֮ΪһϻˣشˣѾһӣ̰ɣ̣̣̣ͨҶͬʱһԴˮУͨڴ˿̺Ȼը
նԪܵõԼȫնϣΪţȫҶڣĶȻˣ
죬ͨȻͨǳ֣նԪͻҲ벻һ񾳵ǿ߾Ԫûôֲ
նԪ޷˲쭵ֻĿԼɣȻһ̣¶Ъ˹صЦݣ̰ɣ̰ɣСӣȫң֮ʱ
֪ҶЦţоľԪҶڣǵȴһСӣһεԴˮ
Ҷ˿̶ַˣȻԿһǿ˽ӽεԴˮһλǿʮΣ
ĸǿ߻һţǶ֣˵һϹϣ
ߣ˭ҪɱңҾҪɱҲסң˭ҺΣĸ񾳵ǿΣҴҽ⣬ȫҪɱɱɱɱ˿̵Ҷ㣬ƺһĨԽԽǿᣬɱţ
һ̣ͻȻеһ˿ԾնԪƺһ˿Ȼһ˿ӣҪըһݡ
ƣֲҪͬھҵľûٴȻԸʱܳɹɱ
ңϧ̫ˣ׸ɣͨ𣡡ҶһһԴˮٴͨʩչȻըѣ

ûһ˿谭羨һ㣬ӶᣬλǿߣҲľǸڴǣҶ㱬
ܣ֧ܱͨʶƵģնԪһʬʧһɲȻ飬׷ĵ֮ϣȴûһ˿һѪ䣬ΪеԱҶգ



һʮ ˷֮
ʶһŻԼóնԪӣ˿ԹĵҶ㣬еһҲŹ㣬СӣȥҵϼǿѾ֪޾ıɣ㲻к³ģ
֮꼴壬Ҳܹһҵʵ壬ܹ
һҲҿڳԣΪΪʮ㲻ɱˣնɱһСС꣬ôĹۿĥ㣡ָᵯɫĻ˿һ㣬ֶ£
ܣֻһʮߣĥҵ꣡նԪҽгҰɫŤһͨڣ֮
ǳ棬ǿ󹥻𣡱˵նԪǿߵ꣬쾳ǿߵľԪĥ
ߣɲǣȥҲκ㲻ãȴվڳԣңھǞǿˣҲȲ㣡ҶһɫĻдͨĹ
Ϲϣ˶һۣջᣬһٻɱҶ㣡
꣡
նԪԽԽã·ϾҪˣ
Сӣ㡭ܾϿ̷նԪ۵һϨ𣬻һ̡
ŵʱҲ£ѵˣ仹飿ֱ֪ҶЦȻһ̣ĴǿߺȻ֣Ȼ֮ϣ⹬Ѿѹ£ǵס˵ɱġ
ΪҶʵ̫ˣʮһǿߣܻɱ񾳵նԪҪǿսһڶɶһǿĶ֣
ɣҪĥҵǣѾܵƿҸһǿߵ湥ɣҶ㳤ЦڻɱնԪɲǣѾܵԼΪƿƺҪӴĵڡ
ԼΪһɳʮ죬ôͻһɳ죬ֱʮ죬ʱӵĻᣡ
ӣһԽɱˣ
֮Ψ֮Ϊã˷֮ţɱϹЦĪһţͻȻαʧ֮ϣ
Ҷһ㶣˷֮ţ˵е߰˷֮ţܹ⴩ռ䣬Ընɱռ֮ˣ
һ̣ҶܵһĨɭȻɱǹɿµͷƺʱܰĨɱ
ڣϣҷȱƣҲٲ׾ʩչطһֻɫĴӡϿֲĥһ㣬
ɱ֮ףɱһһıɱѺˮָǰеҲŲ
٣Ƕʩչ˾УϷһѻ𣡾廯ȭ𣡡ǬǿǬŲ͵һ壬ݾȭͷɽɱ˹
һʱ䣬ĴǿչɱУƱһȡҶҶɫޱ䣬ڰ˷֮֮ڣһжҪϹϵָӣ˷֮ҪİͼҪµĶܹ࣬߶ɱһͷɱ
ãжܱǱٽվͲаͨƣƣҶһ׹ǵסѪɱħ¾ɽĹâգɱ쵽˼£
䣡
ɫĺˮ죬Ȼûţ֮˶İ˷֮ţɫĴӡɫĳףĥһȭͷͬʱ䣡
Ҷֳһһһʮսͬʱɣһȥ
꣡
ս£һһһը죬ӡ׻ȭͷһ
ۣҶһѪǰİݹȥǷһ¡ʱѾ֪ʳ˼ԴˮĴǿߵĹʵ̫£ϿյڳܲסǿĹƣױ飬⻯ǧ
һ̣Ҷͫһٴ̷һԴˮ˲䣬弲۶ȥҪţ
ʱ״֮ǰȫһҶ㱾ΪЩ˻ֱȴû뵽Žˣѳ²ߣ
ףҪţʩδ̫˰ɣҲգĽվɱⲣΪ²ƾ٣ѲϵķժɲǼҫۣƿնȥֱסҶȥ·
ͬʱĴǿ߶ⶼűܵη壬ıֵ⣬ҲҶʱ
ϺУȥɣͨͨͨɱɱɱɱҶ㱩ŭԴˮͨ֡
յķ·ʲô谭â˲䰵ȥͬʱգǷȻһѪԭ̨֮ϵȥɫʱòҰף
ӷСǲ֮٣ɱ֮أ׹ħٲ֣СѵǰǰǿѹƣİᣬɥȪȻ˿ʼͼƻҶĵģ
ŷӾֵǹɿµ깥
ߣҪȻ㻹񣡾ˣҲֻбնɱķݣҵĵᶨޱȣʯ˭Ҳƿھķžȥɣͨھ㣡ҶЦһʩչͨѾһ˿衣
Ӵʶ糱ˮһɢȥ̨ϵķһ飬һɻϢ֣ĵȥҽг
ԭׯģȻڣ˿̵Ľޱȣ·걻˺ˣϵĽȥϸ˿˿·ϾҪ飡
Ųͨ£˭赲ңҪ££ҶһҪȥȻһ̣һΡɽĴź£һӰǰ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ЦΪ˷֮žܵס𣿰ͼգ
ͼֵɲǣһ񱮣գֱ֮ƣһ죬ſʼζ
ƾһͼԲѣھʶʶ˷֮ŵʵϹϴһâ˷֮֮УԼһӰͰͼΪһ壬˲˷֮ŹâţͰպݺݵĶһһ죬âɣ˹ˮӵĺˮ˲䱻
ȻҶ͵һ٣ɫֽ·ػһ㣡
ǿһ˷֮ŵķƷȻ֮ǿУȥɣ취ͻƲУҶ˾ϣʩչŲͨŲݺݵĶ֮ϣ
˿̵ѾվͷͲһҪţ
ǿЦ֪һʮСڰ˷֮ѣҵδ棬͸ɣϹһЦ˸žȻصһһɻֺѾ
أţ
ʵ̫ˣϸ˿˿ѺۣƺҪ鿪˿Ϲϵʱ¶һĨȣƺαİ˷֮ƺһ㣡
˷֮žһᱮƣҵİͼһεıֻʮľʮǧĶ֣ҾңҲ赲ңҶһ˷֮ϱϢѾȷ
ϢλܵķᱮҶ˼תȻһ̣˷֮Ѿ٣һΡɽҪҶѹ棡
ߣΪӣ𣿿ƷҶЦһ̷һԴˮԪ˲䱩ǣͼĹâԽԽȻܺͰ˷֮⣡
̷ʲôôÿ̷ľԪᱩһأ𣡵ʲôĶ𾪵ĿҶ㣬һܵ·Ϊһλ۷ǿߣ
죬ǵʲô̷ܹǱɱϵıʵ̫ˣ˵ˮ㹻ǳ۳µˣ
ţ



һʮ ͻ
˷գһ壬ϹѰ˷֮Լ壬͵سһȭص챬ҶˣѪӿ
Һ׹ǣȻҳҶ˲࣬ͼ;ʶһ𣬺ɱ˹ȥ
䣡
ʶû뵽ıرõˣҲûʲôҾҪûңȭϹưĿҶ㣬ȭ
ڰ˷֮ŵļӳ£ȭͷҪǿ˽һܴǿս֮
ܹͷΪһ壬編սֱҲϹѹ׵ֶΡ
Ϲħʱȭȭһȭʤһȭȭ£һѪ⣬һȭʱѾʶѣҶ֮ϣ˸ŹâŰȥѪ죬Ҷ㱻׳Զ
ۣ
ҶһѪżѪӿȻѾˣʶȻһ˿Ѻۣͼâ˺ѣ
Сӣ˵ֻһ֮ȫǷסҪǮģ±ţˣˣ㲻±ˣϾͻǣѹˮӺ֮ڣˮˢ
ϹϿЦţȭӰɽ֮ףŲѺԽԽ࣬·Ҫһ㣡ҶҲʼѿѪȾ˺ɫ
ƴˣ
ҶͫһԦžʶͰͼ֮ļӳϣǿվһΪ޵𣿿Ц֮
Ե˵ԵԵ˵˿վ¸ֲӲӵĽ⣬ڳԵ䣬Ե伯Ե䣬Ե𣡡
˵з̵Ĵͨͨأܹڲ֪Ȼ֣֮ţǿ֮иͨû뵽ʦȻѾգɫһ䡣
ҹһۣõͨȻҲܷӳȫԸһʮСߣǴ´ģ΢Цŵͷ⣬˿ׯϣͣƺҪҶ㳹׶Ȼ
ɱ
ҶһƺһԵӱ£˿ɣնӣ룬κȻˣͬʱ˫ĳɱ糱һը죬Ϲϵȭһ
ͷ֪ڸģȥɣ
һƷ羡ȭḥ̂Ȼɱ˹ҶɫһݣѾ̹ܵǵȭ⣡
飡
Ҷٴΰȥ׹ǱһӣıҲԱµȭƻΣ֮УӰɣһ̾Ϣһ׻ͬʱɱ
ߣ񹥻Ҳ㿴ʲôо񹥻ϹһЦһ̣ͻȻΪˣ
ռ˷ħǰţͬʱۣʮĿĹɣһԲɱ˹
ۣ
ӰҶɫ˲䣬ͷʹѣ
񹥻˷֮ŵĿ¾񹥻ͼ赲סŲͨŲƣʶͣ𵴣ٶ֮
սɱҶŭһʮսͬʱӣâԣأһٲһ㣬׹ڰ˷֮֮ϣ
䣡
ߣƾЩսҺΣСıȷ٣˳̿רΪҾȫˣĸҲܲˣϹ¶͵תһ󲼴չսϹ϶Կ֮£ǲĶ֣
ãսˣҶʧɫ˿Ѿˣټӣ˷֮Ѿѹ£ûһ˿ֿ֮вȻҪɱϹϣһٴζϣض˵ء
Ҷ㣡Ҷ㣬־˭ܵң˭ҲסңھͻƵʮֱ֮׷죬ҿЩ˻ô־˥ҵ⾳ֺηǹ۲䣡дˣĿҵĵʯͨ۷·ϵһöСʯӣ
Ȼһ̣֮Уƺһ˿
ߣɳҶҿ˭ɱңҶͻȻһиһžӨ͸ɳһ˲䣬ʱռ䣬һ٣
ʲôһ֮ɳôϣɫ䣬֮۶ɴ۾Ҷ㣬ŭԭǸҶ㣬ֲøǿᣬɱһλӣ䱦ǵ죬ھͰǣѹڴ˵أó
㣿ǬҵǬ裬Ȼ˵˵ǬҸֵ˫ϥǰڽӣǬ嶸ȻѣŭĿӣƺҪҶǣ
Ҷ㣿Ǹȹ˵ĴڣŶˣͨʦֶǾΪɣߣСǵ󣬾ҺԣձضȻ켫֣һŭ
û뵽㾹Ȼôǲѷˣ⼸λǲܷŹˣϹϴЦ
Σһߣȫ˵أɵΪҵһҶȫ壬ڣȻٴʩչŲ̤ͨŶ£
ΣҲϻ˼ɣţ߹һȻһĹЩ˵ʵ̫࣬㹻һתƣٶǬ
̤ϵڶڵһˬҶܹĸ֮ܵŨȵʶеԭʼĸ
һҶпУҲüǬ½ϣЩ壬ҲδӵһҶң½ң¼ȴûУ
ӵΨˣ۹ãɽĳֻǲܹõϽңҲǳĵ׵ֶγǿͲΪʮǿҪԭ
ȻǴֱʣڴ˵һӣһ죬Ҫ죡أھҪͻƵʮ죬˭ܵң
һɲǵĹҶѴ룬õеͽ׵ҩȫټ˷ҶڵľԪڷţ
ãСҪͻˣҲɫȻ⼤£ȫ֮ϣ
죬һ֣⣬赲סҶͻƣǶȹ˵Ĵڣһͻƣ룡ŭͬʱۣ鼲۶ϣֵס⣬͵سȥƱ
ߣһʮѣླΣֻǸϹһЦ
ʱҶ㱻µ࣬ϴž죬ܵϵ·ýģƺǳˣڵľԪţ



һʮ սѪ
Ҷ㵤˲ʹİƽףǰĶʮԪǰ䲹쳣ӯûκη϶ҪǣҶѾܵʮϴˬĸо·һɳĮˣһڿޣȸʹ죡
ʮ죡Ȼ°빦һ꣬ضͻƵֻ֮ƾڵΪԸ񾳵ǿ߻ֵܶ࣬ѣ˷֮һء
ʮһϳɣͬʱľţֻʮͶ֮Ĳ̫࣬ԲһʱܹͻƵġ
Ʒ޸ţ˿̵Ԫĵ׳ˣ
УôˣЩླĵҩҲȫԵʤڴһ٣Ҷ㿴һѾɱĴǿߣû˿ԥ븹С
ЩҩҶ̷ܹģΪ赲סĴǿߣҶ˲ࡣ
ɲǣҶ͸оһɿµڵ֮УǹƻԵҪ֪Щҩʥҩǳصĵҩ
ΪأⵤҩԾҩܱȣҪ֪ʮླ֮ĺ蹵ƿ£еҲͻƵ֮࣬һ¾磬һҶͿؿһ
ߣ˲ĳصҩ࣬ȱҪˬöˣҸһᣬǻıͻڵǣҲǻʹ죬ܹתͶ̥ôһȣ̤ţ˲еĳӯһ֮ɫҶ̷ླĵҩЦ
СϣҿҲŵͷˣһ·ߣѡѡҪԼˣ
Ҷɫ֮תٶ߶Դ飬Ƿڵҩշ˿޺תΪ
ãСӻֶΣȻѹЩصҩǱ֣նһǬΪ˽Ҷһ˿һķᣡ
ãѾܵһҵ֮ڱؽϹŵıսǿߣղһ٣ϹɱһƺҶ֮󣬾Ҫǰ֡
ңϹϣѵΪҵսô𣿸ҿҶ˫̤أԴԴ壬ڿµ߶֮£벼ڵսͣ
˿̵Ҷ˫ĿѪ죬ŤֳֵվһݣڵĳƯԺ˸ž⡣
ˣֻҪڵ͵ӣұضɵʮһϣʮ죡ҶﷺֹӿڣŹؿڡ
ߣƾҲȥҷ⣡ϹһЦָһָһâγɣѲӿķסͬʱһɫĹâӡڲ֮ϣ
ãϹүӿͻȻɫһ䣬һɭȻϢ˳·һƬռҪΪ
֣ҲʶãֻһɲǲѾըһ죬Ҳ֮޲
ʮս֮Ĺ˸ؽ޷棬ɲǹɭȻɱƺնɱĳλĴǿ֮
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ߣҲһ֣ͬʱȥ
ɣɣٸķӣͻƵʮ죬ʱҲܹˣҶЦܵԼľԪʮһѾɵ״ʮһߣɫĹâͣӿʮһ֮У
ЩҩǲҪͻƵʮ죬ҪĵҩֻϻһЩླĵҩһҷˣпܱܸܵڵڶ֮УһڽܴУҲܵ˺Ϊ˽㣬Ҫͻƣ
Ҷмᶨٴ̷ླĵҩһεķ£ʹѾᣬٶȻת̨帡ǰ
ȫˣҶһԴתһεԴˮʼ֮ԴˮѾĴ
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Сս֮սͻƣϧ̱ʶˣŭϸһֻʣҶд֣
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Բѣ˷֮ţɱ
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սѪڣֻĸ



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޷ƣѵҪϣüͷһʡ
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뵤˸ͬţεĳ˵ֵ˽뵤ڶᱦԱչ뵤֮У
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ɱ
⽣Ӱ˴Ӱһ壬ڰľǿ߼ŭˣһһգâ죡
ǿ߾ȻҪ뵤֮УҶɫ˲䣬˲ɱĳУ嶸Ȼһתת׹ǣֵϹһ
ۣҶһѪ߹Ǳ߶ϣ׹Ҳȥƣʮսһ£
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ҵ죬⼸˵ʵ˿ڞ񾳵ǿߣôܣȻĴǿߣɫһ䣬ջͱħУնֱۣ
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Сӣİٶ࣬ҲעҪ˵أϵıǲ٣ֻҪɱ㣬ǵõı˿Ƚڶ٣ϹϺͰ˷֮Ϊһ壬ȭɽɱ˹
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һ˲ϹϵƺȻ׳󣬰˷ȻϯȫĿҶ㵨սľ
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㣬㡭𡭡Ҷ



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ŮӶׯʥ࣬Ůһ㣬鶯ֳ֮飬㳤ˡ
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ҲˣֻǷĽ㣬ҶĴŮҶЦҡͷһҶǰȻһĴʯͷȥ
ħļħ̬ϣ²ͱĪĹϵпǱĺ½һش֮󣬿ҶݣӶȥ׷ߵľ磬˿֪㻹Ľ㣬ԶҲ䣡
㣬лл㣡
СɵϣȻԶĽ㣬ôһиƤĵܵأЩ˸۸㣬ҶָһҶ㣬˿ٶȱֳķɣСһֱôάŵܵܡ
˲ñĿϹˣҪɱҵܵܣȡڶ
һɻֺµƺȻ٣ϹһѪɴ۾𾪵ĶҶ磬˺ðŵͨͨ
㾹Ȼ̳˱ӡǣõĴУ
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ǲţҲѾͻ֮ͨҶ͵һ䣬쫷ϮĴǿ߾Ȼûһֵܵס磬׷Ѫڵء
Ҷǰɱҵӣʵû취ųֵģӷ𡣡һׯصվģǷɱ¶֮һɱҶ㣬Ҷ绹Ŀܱơ
ǸǶҵĵܵܣҶĿһۣɭȻ֮
ҶĵλʤԼһ˸۸ԲϧԼ
ʲôл̣
ạֻ̊́Ҵ㣬ҪǸҴңǾ͸ạ̊́˭ҲУҲУ
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ߣΪõĴ𣿰ŪھʶʶĦڭڣƣƾ
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Ҷ㣬㲻ɱңһˣڱ֪ҵ˭ɱģʱ֮ͨΣڼҴҵͨǿ߸ֵǮʶģھͷң
ͻȻüƺҵһͨԴޱȣûһ˿õɮӡ



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𣿡ҶͻȻһһɿµɱӽŵ׶ҺһһԪţֻҶһɫУľԪţ
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֮Ǟ죬˭ܵңϹΣҪϹϵˣҵģҲĴ˵ˣĴֻѡң



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ȭȻը죬ҶͬʱѪһ֮ɫ
㣬㾹Ȼڹؼʱͻˣܣôڶ̶̵ļʱ֮䣬ͻܣܡһ̾Ȼ״Σ𾪳̶ȿ֪
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ҪԼ㣡䣬޷ߵľ磡ҵһУ硭䡭㡭Ϲ˻ߵŭ𣬵ȻֹһŰâ飡
ߣƾҲңԲѣ˷֮ҾЦˣ
ͬʱһҽУҶҶ㾹Ȼͬʱ֣˽Է
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Ĺ֮УһһŮŹ档
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ˣ֮ѾǵӡǣӰӵһһһ׵Ϣ֯ϵľҳ۶飡
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ȻҶܶڸȥʱ򣬺Ȼ˳һճ棬ϴŵЦݣ˺øд
ҶܶȴһĨɱתͷĿⴥһһĨȣһ˿Ѳľɫ
ҶĿһڼԶӰ۶糾ͣȴһЦ⣬ȻĹлࡣ
˲ǱˣҶҺĵҶԺҶһãںĵеλߣǵĸĸҶҳϣүүһλ̫ϳϣȴҶ缫ͷûøĸְȨѹեҶ硣
ӴⲻҶû뵽ʧٶգȻĹֻǵӣûõʲôñװ׵һˣҶԵк֮䣬Ѿչ¶ԼΪ



һʮ ʳ
ʮ죡
ҶԣҶ˶ʮΪǵõϹĳǿߵĴУΪڽ˿һ⣬ȻΪѾѹҶʮǧһĪӣ
ѵһ궼ĳɽȹʮ죬Ϳҡ𣿡Ҷ㿴ǰֻСЩЦ
Ҷƣնһ۵ʱȫĿ⣬η壬˿̣Ϊ˼ҶһŲڽŵף
ôҶ̫ϳҲླǿߣѾɹʮ죬ླһ֮ңѵһ𣿡ҶЦ˵ʱҶѾ˼ɡ
ҶѹһͷҶһٴģڲһˣҶҲླɡ
ֻܲңҶ粻ླһԾ𣬽ֻ֮ͨļһﻹ֪ѡ
ҶһԹۣޱ飬·һлδţվڲԶĳüͷ壬ܵĸоһ˿ͷҶɢһΣյϢηϢ
ô£ѵĽ˱ĴУ˸ߵĲΣλ֮ͨаֹһ˲˲ĶҶܵķӦ
磬һһǺˣʮ֮ǻؼֱӽΪǽţӦ÷ϳΪϳҶңǻϳҶңžķҶƲ죬Ҷǲҳ֣ҶһɱСΣɻǸ
Сѣݸ߹ˣھҪֽѵˣ΢ӣصҶң˵ҶԿЦתҶ˶ҹűãҴ򼸰ƣҿȥʱһˣ·ѵһҽƣҪǵүˬˣֱӰˣ¥ȥ
Ҷֺ̬ҶˣһȻӡ
ҶȻޱ飬ؼɱѳҶȻС󣬵ǵĻɫҪγˮ
Ƕ񰡣񰡣ʵ㣬Ӵ㶼ǸӣҶԿ˹̧־һƳȥڽѵūţ
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ۣҶԱȳԶѪ˳һ𾪵ĿҶ㡣
û˸ô˵˵ˣѾˣҶԣ㲻ֻ߹ѣħһ㣬ȣ̧һţݺݵ̤£
ҶסˣȻԼǶô޴ҶɱԼȻɱһף̧֮䣬ԼȻûһ˿һķأ
ô£ôôǿˣʮ۷壬ҵ죬ҵôģôħΪٶȻҪ죡Ƥһ˵
꣡꣡
Ƕ֮ڶҶԽױ飬Ҷûһ˿
׶ǿôܣһĲ˱ϢΪҲһൽ֮죬ҵǵʲôڣٿҶʱη壬η壡
Ųľʹλʮǿ߻ʹȥٿҶɭȻӣĳ
ҶҲסˣһ͸һ֪ǿʮ죬̧֮䣬ܻٵһɽ壬Ϊ»صҶңΪûκʣѹͷϵҶ磬Ҳ÷ˮת˰ɡ
ǣû뵽һУʽûУͨͨһƣʮĸ羹ȻΪһֻǸɺϣȻ˿̣֮쳹ʣĸܶڽ£
˵ŶôֲΪ
ҪɱңҶҵĺĵӣ㲻ɱҡҶԿη֮ɫ
ţĵ㷽Ų˵ҪҼƣٴĿȥôҴһƶӲ㻹ôңҶЦЦʮֱ䡣
飬۲ʶ̩ɽң˲С˹ңҶŹڵϣͷ絷⣬˫̱ȻѾײˡ
Ҷ㳤Ц˵ĸоʵ̫ˬˣƬ̺󿪿ڵ㣬ҲǲУֻҪҴ򼸰ƣٴҵĿȥҾͷ㣡
Ҷסˣֱֻû뵽ô죬һ־ĻصҶңһٶü֮λû뵽ķһӣ
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ӶƴҶԵϣҶңҶҲûһӵܣȥ۸Ҷ㣬Ͼ˶ϲҶ£ԵүǰԽС

ҶԵѪģһϤɣɱ֮䣬Ѿ壬֮һȲʯͷϣ¶һռɣ
ءеȫݺݵĲڽſȫûˣڵҶǸһڵϣҶĿ£
̰Ҳ뵱ҶҼߣʮΪǱĵرɣʵսһʮߡҶ俪ڡ
ңҰɡҶ͵͵ԹƳһҶ磬ҶĿ֮󣬻æ
նȥΪͿԹˣҶȵ
ʲôնȥΪѾ˼ƣҲĿȥˣ㣬㻹ҪնȥΪߣһٵߣϣ֮ΪػҶҵǿߣҲҪˡҼҶһƣ㲻նȥҵΪʱүүһɱ㣬ҿླǿߡҶԸûٺҶԿģ˫ѷϣ˫ŵأæߡ
ߣû˸ô˵ǵһѵһŹ㣿үүƨһֻ־ɱħǿĶ۹ĻӶɱǬǿ߶Ҵˣϴ󷧵ӵܶ¾ѵһүүЦûɱ㣬ѾҶһӵˣͼȫΪ
ҶףݺݵĻҶԣҶɫҰףʶΪⲻģҶõҲ˲񣡵ֲòЩȷʵ
йս֮ˣȫסˣĶҶ㣬֪˶ã˾ȻǸҶ㡭
죬ȻǸɱǣ˭ǵǵ˱Ѫùˣ
ƫƫԸѵΪΪΪӣڳˣ
꣡
ɱ͸Ҷ͵һͣﾭն飡
һ춯صĿ
ҶĽŲħҶȥ˿̵Ҷ˫ĿնĶǰԼԶҲﲻĴڡ
𣡱ɱңԸΪūΪ澣̷Ҷ˲ڵϣϵԼΪūΪ澡
ǣ͸ˣҶָһһ⼤ɱӿҶûһ˿һķӦأɱ壬۵һﱬ飬նϣɱ壬޷
㡭Ҫɱ㣡Ҷˣôһ·Ҷ޾ĺ⣬ĵ˷һɽѹ
Ҫ־͹㲻輰ҵļˣۣ֮֮Ѿ㷨⿪ȻƲˣôڶǷˣʼһ㣬Ҳζһ˼Ūζ
ʱĹͨѾҶҶ粢ߣûһҶԣҶˣΪֻеһݵĹͣһҲ㲻ϣ˿ֻĸףԼͻƵϢ߸۰Լˡ
ȻڱҶҵʱ򣬺ȻҶϲŵƽʣææ⣬ֺΰڷźãƺҪޣҶҶеޱȲ죡



һʮ ĸ׳ޣ
ҶҶһ·糾ͣĸϻؼңһҶң㿴Ҷŵƽʣϲľ
ǽŵɲǣѾϳǣǴ󾪣ɿǰ棬ҶҶƼ˼ĸףֱӱԼҵׯ԰
ϱѾȥ꣬δһˣǻûκϢҪ֪ĹǿߵãҶҶĵͽߣֱǵһĴڣĻС֮С㿴شܵصҶܣҶɣҶǿߣûֵȥĶŮͻزˣ⣬½ҵӭ׽Ѿһ磬ʰˣ㣡Ҳپܾˣ½ʧٶڳ֣ûмǵĶ֣ϱ׺Լȥɣ
һۣĿӵҶȻϳǸղŲŹǣɷҶԣҶĸףҶ졣
ǰϱ½Ҽ㣬ңֻҪ޹ȥҶڼǵĵλȻһأ
ɩһνɩˣ㿴½Х½Ӣ䣬޸ҲˣڵĽҶ죬Ҷһλõܡ
½Ϊǿ󣬶½ǿߣֻҪ޸δǰ;
ʱҶׯ԰վҶҸ߲㣬ϸĴ˶վ࣬׷ȰҶϣҶĸף¼޸½Ҽ½Х
Ҷ϶λ㲣ȴһȻ֮ɫϣΪҶҽҵҶҲнĵλһ׸Ҷңȴû뵽ˣҶ¶СǱȹ¶ĸǵĹӦݺҵŮڣҵһ˫ŮȫҲ֪ܣļ޸½ХǣѵͲ֪ΣѵǶӢӦе̬ȣ
֮飬һжҲʲôߣֻһͨˣһͨӣĸףɷΪҶҵĻҵսˣҵĶŮҶұˣҶһʣһͨˣ۸Ҹļ޸½Х޸ͼݺŮˣãЩ߲֪ܿԣ֪ŮӴһգżȻƲңܻеģҵһ˫Ůȥˣһ˻Żʲô˼ߣҲЩС˱ȣھͬȥ
ҶԽ˵Խ͵վײ˹ȥ
ߣһͨˣǰҲҶһ֣ײӵͷ­͵һͣƷڵϣһ¼ѾӦˣɲ㣡
ǰҪ޸½ѾܿҶķˣҪͰϳҶң
˸ѣӭ׵Ķˣ½ҼӣǿɲܲʣҶȻһȺ˵ͷˣһ£һӵϣҶץȥ
Ҷ죬㲻ǱΪǵŮȫˣҲҪļˣ㵱겻ر߳𣬿㻹ˣȴţģֻҪڣͲһ˺úûţҶͻȻ쳤Цӵ֮
ЩĶҶŮţһŹ㣡Ҷ۽ǳѪŭ
ţͷҲˣţЦĹ½ֲãҶ϶ǻܻţЦ
ɩҿǵʧķˣֶֶŮҲҵģ˭̯ôΪǣԴǽܣҶЦ
ˣǶǻˣſ裬ſʱһСŮ˳һѾͽҶ˹ŭˣ㻹ʲôҳȥ
СŮ䲻ӣȴޱȣҶʮǿߣҲû
ѩߣȥȥҶϼ
ŮҶѩһ꣬ǵаʬܵĵҲСµһü죬һĹ򣬾ѰССһܹƵš
Ұ֣ðɩֲ㲻޸½ҼԭѾãҶ͵̤ǰһֳ̧Ҷѩ˹
ס֣ڵʱĸ׻زҪһǮݣǰ첻ϧɽˮǧģ㵱ڵ˵˶أ壬٣½Х˵ͣĺڣҶŭʱҶѾʧ͸
㣬Ҷ죬˶̥죬ۣȥ¼Ϊһ̥裬ҪĴҶôܳ˵ˣǲҵҩ
Ҷ֥˵ʱ򣬷ǱѾףҪǰȥ˵飬ΪԼܼ̼ңҶ죬㻹˼ң㵱սмǰ˶ﱳ㵱ʱ˫ȲзϣҪѰ鵤ҩҽȣڻվ㣬㣬㡭˭Ƿ飿
һ̣˶ͷҶ˶ǷҶ飬Ȼȴ壬Ҷףﲻζ
ˣǷΣҪҷȥϼô̥ܶѰҩȻҶһ͵ӣϸϸľм׷
ҲþʲôҶҲ˵ˣ½ҽףõĳ·ҶȻйǶǹȥңĶӵ½ң½Ҽһûᣬʲôģ뻹飬˵Ҷɨһ۴֮ˣ
סڣҪǰػҶңҶͱˣЩ˼壬𱨣ҵĶŮջҪҸļ޳ˣǵǺξģ
ҶվȻΪֲأȻϢ˶Ϊ֮˲
ߣ˵컨׹Ҳü޸½ҼǱƸ񣬼ѾЦɣҲžɼױ͸½ңʽףҶЦ
Ⱥ쿴һĻһʹ飬ƴһļ壬ȻȫѬĵСˣҶ۽ǺᣬһˣĶŮûϢż֪ΪĸףҲŶŮ
һ춼ΣӱҶ±ȣҲûһĵţŶŮġ
СҰ־ͽˣǰδ½ҼźˣǧҪѰ˶̼Ҷ֮һ֣ҶѩͱԭأȻٴҲûҶĶ֣
ҿ˭ܶĸףһ̣ſͻȻһһһŮǰǿƻӷ˵ĺһϣ



һʮ ŭ
һ̣ɫſͻȻһһŮӰǹϢ˵ɫһϣ
ڿò˲䣬˶סˣҶڣȫĶӰ
ΧʱҶһǱӲҪײǽɱʱ飬һᣬȻһ̣һ˫Ůվǰʱ̲ס˳
ţҵĶŮš̫ˣ̫ˡҶϼ
סҶ˹ȥסĸסȻһǰļ䣬ԼϹ۷֮⣬ĸףǰʱټĸף¡
ڱĸ׸ļ޸½Х𣿡ҶɭȻȵɱϯˣ֮ǰ̫ϳҶڣĸףӦˣع飬ȴĸױ˱ȣɱ
ҶΪˣ֪Ŀɹ鿴üأĸ׺ͽ㣡֪ʱǱԼڣˣõ˵ʱˡ
װŪڳǰѵҲǳģҶһϵò֮ʮΪҶһȨ󣬵Ҷǿߵ֮ʣֿ½ôҶһЩӵǰҲš
гȶ˵Ӹļ޸˵ģҶƱҶһ
٣ֲøҵǳңԭΪʮ죿ѵΪʮҵĶ֣½ҵĶ֣
ҶЦһĨ𾪵ĹâɱĶŮҲĹҵõΪҶҼǵĵ·һ谭ǸķھȻΪһٴܵʮ죡
СԿضǿߣǹƾȻУû׼Դ½ҵڻܴ󷢴ȱΪϴ裬һٳ֮
Ҷ죬ĶҶԺҶɡҶһ֣һöˮУǼˮɡ
˵ţһžԪУһӳ˵ǰȻҶԺҶֺһĻ
ҶҪЦڣתסˣҶֱ̧֣ȡ˵
ܣܣⲻġҶ㣬ȻҶŮΪҪɱ㣡Ƭ̺Ҷ˫ĿѪ죬ĿԼĶŮնȥΪΪˣҲܲˣ
ɱңƾҲ䣡ҶЦ˵Ѿ֣
ž
һǵİֻҶֱ𣬺ݺݵҶϣ
ҶеһɿµϢ֣˲־ҪˣȴˣĿҶĴ£
飡
Ҷһ㱻ԶݺݵײϣײϣӦأ֮ǿֲ֮ɫһƣоĹͷ񶼱ҶһһʺӡϣѪ˳ǲͣһڵϣҲ
Ҷ췢ĲҺʹ֪ΪΣÿһλʹޱȣʹţҺ
У˵һҶʮ찡֮УΪΪǿȻת֮䣬ͱ˷ϵ
ŶҶ죬㷽壬ĸ׼޸½Хѵ⣿Ҷٴ̧һƣҶһƻûϣɼʹһɶ
㾹ȻҰҼҵéҶһһ䣬һ˳ֻҶҽУ屻ݺݵ׳Ҷׯ԰
ۣ
Ҷ㣬ǵĳһҲжݣ㾹Ȼ˶ң֪ˣһ̣Ӧ㣬Ҷңһ̣Ҷֻо־壬ûڣɲǣܵһ˿ɱ룬һ΢죬ĵﾹȻˣ
ƨ½ХͬҲ˾ҪˣۣҴҼ˵ˣҶҪ壡
һεɱˣ˶һ飬Ŀ־ĿһҶ㡣
ôô£̧֮䣬һʮǿ߾ͱú޻֮ʮǿ߱ȥΪҶԺҶǿɶʮǿ߰
ҵ죬군ˣҶرԸ񣬾Ϳ¡УǿȥҼҲֻмܾˣ
ԣҼѾ֮ˣһܾǣ˵󣬾Ȼмϣſˣ
һ̣˶ûͱ˵ļƣЩ˸һڵϣֽĿն֮У־֣ΪҶ㣬ѾΪħһ
ҶΪܾȵǣǿЦҶЦһתˣٴοڵѾˣҾ͵棬һΪˣ
Ҷͬħһǵͷһ˿ŵ֮У˲ңԵڵأ
㡭棬㾹Ҵ治ٸߣҲĳ賤Ǵ治ʦ棡֮أûһϯ֮أСӣʶľͷߣ¡
һҶ̫ϳָӵһʣ¼˵©磬ΡΡĽѵҶ㣬˵꣬ͱҶϡ
治ʦ棬ãֻǬ½ߵãЩ׵ĵ۹ѧ㲻ҪҰǺãҸշټ㣬Ҳ͹ˣ
˵ţѾ֣Ҷٶȿ쵽˼£ûܹӦ
ס֣һɲһȴһֻɫƿնҪҶƷɣ
Ҷ죿ãҾ㿴ʲôŽʵ棬Ұ˶ΪˣҶȣ˹ȥ֮ǰһ
ҿǰηϵǣҶһıƿնҶĶĤƺҪ׳ű
飡飡
ɫƺҶֱײһ𣬷ռƣҶҵķݲͣƺϾҪһ㣡
Ҳһ
ʲôҶ㲻ʧķ˰ɣҶҼǣҲ
ҶСͷˣӴҶԽԽƯˣ͸½ҼҲʹһɵ
ԾҶΪʲôһɣһ֮ɫûУǸܵôˣĪɵˣ
䣡
һ̣ɫӦ飬ҶȥƲ񣬺һ䣬Ҷ̫ϳϸûһ˿֮ҶܽӴ
˵ǷĪ˵һֻû֣ڴˣҲסһУߣƾΪҲҶһҶЦȻѾٴγ֣
ž
Ҷҳϵ廹ûȷɳȥҶĳְ̫һƣŵɳȥ
ôᡭһ̣˶ɴ۾°ͲϣղųԼļˣ̱ڵأĿҶ㡣
־壡
ǵﶼǿ־壬ôһ˿ûڣ˿̣ǸҺҶ㣬תҶ죬ߥҶϸļ½Х



һʮ ȫΪˣ
ڲԶҶҲֳҶһƣƵ¶Σ˼𾪣Ѿ۷֮Ҫ죬ڼ֮У½Ҽ̬֮⣬Ҳһĸ֡
ǣǸȴƵ¶ΣǰһλĹȥΪȻûеֵס
ҪΪҶȱһΪͿأˣȻһ۸ȥΪҪΪһӸϳҶңҲȥΪΪҶȱҶ̫ϳϿҶ쵽Źڵϣ
űһΣҿڳԣȫޣҶ˿̵ɫ࣬ټҶȱĻ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬
Ҷ۾һϷʵĿҶ죺Ҫʲô
󵨣泤ϷŪѣһϵΪѵ⻹Ǵҹ£Ҷŭһ¸һžӨľԪơ
ҰͽһҪ֮ԷףͷȥʮΪһҪɱΪǱ𰡣
ʱſڴһһһŮڷ棬һ˹ӵֻȾѪܵѪ
Զ㡭ڵϵҶ͵̧ͷȻһһŮĶŮٿǵӣȻͼˮһĻΪƣ
ɱͽȥҺõʮΪء
ҵ졭һ̣˶һҶҼҶ졣
ǻЩţʮһҶһʮΪ׷ȥΪҪ֪ɱʮǿߣͷȥΪȫͬȥΪҪɱԷѵö࣡
̫ˣǵʲôڣȥʮǿߣ
¸ƨǿҲֻһʮߣܹȵϼΪ˵֣ڣ
ڼΪѾѹ¼ҼһͷڼУֻ½Ҽ٣ΪԼǞ񾳵ǿ߶ܹնɱ˼
ЦȻһ̣ҶңҲһУɱ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ѪծѪҶħһ㣬һеУȻɱɱ֮
ߣ˵ˣҶ棬ȫΪˣȻôǾʹ㿪ʼҶһһ֣̽Ȼ׾ٵץסУһקеֶ
ȥŮһ˰ɣ
׿㣡ҪɱȾϣҶйϧһжˡ
飡
ɱע˹ȥҶһϣɱ壬Ҷɴ۾һ׹䵹أ
ʲôʲôΪҶȫˣһУΪҶ赲ĻᶼûУ˿ɱľĸо
ɱͨɱͬǳϹɱĽ壬һͽߵڣնֵޱȣ
Ҷ㣬󣬾ȻһΪҪ㣬ҵ㣬ΪūŮΪ潣
ҶЪ˹أŭȥΪһ˿ϣûˡ
ȻҶԺҶɫ䣬ҶȥΪ֪ҶĺֻҪ˵Ļʵϣ
ߣ̫ˣĲӦҶŭһսףҶը죬һѪ˳ͷƬ֮أָȴ˵
ʲô𹦣ⲻֵͽ׵ĹпСͨҶ뵽һСͨҲʩչ
ݣһ𣬾Ͱ˵飡̫ˣѵҪȫΪˣһ̣˶ɪɪҶһһҪ飬ûס
ҾΪūŮΪ潣
ҶҶԺҶ̱أһ֣ʶڵĪɺ˳ҶһָȥҵĻȥ
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Ҷ㣬㡭ҶоѣΣһǿߵūʲôѵ˵Ҷͻ˞֮
㲻ģҾ͵棬ЩȫΪˣʱ㣡ȻвĸףǵޱȣҶ˵ţѾ֣͵شȺ绢Ⱥһ㣡
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ֻŬ´μ֮ʱһҪһϲҶĨһᣬͷ
ҶĽץ˹һȻһƽͼͼ֮ûлɫʣֻкɫī֭ճһ֮ͨ
һƵĹɣϵĸоϮƺҪƻҶеʮ־档
ĿһۣҶֻоһһȼգǵڶۣоǴĿǵģǴĿǻ
⵽ʲô˭ֱʣɱ⣬ܵĻ⣬Ȼ͸ֽɱΣǿ£Ҷоͨͼµĵ
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ҶЦʮּٶֻͨϰ벿°벿ȻͨڣԶǰͨЩȲ
ǰ֮ͨ󣬶һͨͼһ۶ˣ֪ô£ܹް֮꣬û⣡Ҷ˸˷ܵĹâ
½һļ½Ҳһ飬½ӦԪݽ߶ˣôڻţô£ᵽ½죬ҶüͷǸϼһħ֮ǿߣƾǿߡ
˵Ÿǰ½ֻʣյΪֱ½Ѱǳ棬Ѿֹȥ꣬½һļͷɫΡȻ֮״ѵõ˵еʥҩˣҶ²
ܣʥҩ֮أӵ̫ǿߣħľǿҲǲ٣õܲ죬׾ٵġҿԽΪҶĿ˸½ȻݺɫѣǼпԽΪħİΪնȥڽһλλߣ
ţҲпܣҲҲˣ˳ӯ˶鵤ҩ㹻ٴνһϴΪԪ㣬ʮ֮ΣͻƵʮ죡Ҷϲһ֮УҵǿԪҩ
һУ㶨Ҷ̾ϢһǸΡߴĸףģٴαƺԶɽһ㣬Խ
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Ҷϥգͷϣ鵤ҩɳ͵عҶڣΪѾ޽ӽ죬ֻ㹻תɾԪ֮
ҶҲգĵҩ쾭ϣת쾭֮ǧΪҶͨ죬㹻Ŀռ䣡
ڶŬʱҶſͻȻλ֮ͣҶĳң۹
ҶСӸҹȻɱҵ۹ӣǳıӵˣһĽǿսʿ̤ҶңҶס
Ҷ֮һ۹ʱһƽʱ۹ĽĴڣǿǺƽƽһ˶ǲ
ȻտҪˣҪǸɱҶ㣬Ҷӵܶʱһѵ˵ɱģ
Ҷ㣬ҹ۹Ԫ˧ڴˣٲ֣ҾͰլһѻյһ˰ˣԳΪԪ˧쳹Ҷ£þòϢ
վǧʿȫΪǿ֮ɢɱߣ
ʲô۹ĴԪ˧ҵ谡ǿǸ߸ϵǸɱǵʲôڰ
죬ҶгҶʧɫ˿ҵϽҶȥҶׯ԰Ҷ
ʱԶһӰƻã۶Ҷʧɫǣ⼸˾Ȼ̤׶
ҶСںδȻ壬ѵĵ˲ɣ˵֮ɫۣվ⣬֮Ŀ⾡Աˣӡ
ˣ֮ˣΪҶεǿǰоԼֻǴеһСƺʱΣա
ҵ죬壡ȻȲˣ۹ҲһССҶܿ˵İҿҶڡ
ǰôǿߣвО񾳵ǿߣҶ㿹˵ģ
ҿδأҶϾնɱǿߣ飬Ĺеõ˲ٺôȵ˵պ½һһսҲûǿµսҲЩﲻ߹ѡ
ţпܣڵҶѾүˣȻҵЩȻĵơ

ʱǿ߾ۼ˵أ۷׷ף˵硣Ȼʱֻоһںһ
ؼңôҲˣ
ҵ죬Ǹң
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绨ţ
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ҵ죬سҲˣЩ˸òᶼҶİɣҪǵĻһĵʵ̫˰ɣ־ްҲҵ
һʱ䣬ҶǿƣһĶҶׯ԰еһŭɫ޲ðҶʬΣ
ȻҶ˿Ѿȵ˵ϻңЩҲһţоͷִڸǵġ
ڿ޵Ҷڤ˼룬ͼͻƾ磬ҶڳĹؿҲһЩ鵤ҩʮ֮
ͨɣҶһռҩһ䣬û֮У壬Ҷֻоڵʼӯ
ףԣ⾳ⲻǽԪֲܹ˵ġҶüͷھʮ죬һ֮ңƿ
Լ߳ģǱ˽̳ġҶԺУͻȻָ׵Ļʱϣϸӵһսһսȫ̡
ʱһţҶ֮У㣬ͶȡɵĻȫǰտʼںϣ
һ̣ͻȻһԪ˳£谭׳ƣһ̣ĿԼԪ
һ꣡
꣡
꣡
İ꣡
꣡
㵽꣬âſʼȥҶɫǰʮֵĵԪ⣬Ѿٴʩչ
ҵ죬ⵤҶ㾪ȵǣڿռ䱩ǣʮʱİٱ



һٰʮ ̸Ц²
ܵͣмΪȣΪԪת뵤һ̣ҶһʱƮƮɵĸоƺҪշ
ʱҶĽ˶ͷϵİ׹⿪ʼȥջһ̣ûڣţҶ˫˲â䣡
Ҷ㿴Ž㣬оڵĽƺһλھ֮ϵŮһָɽֹĸо֪ͻƵ֮ͨ׵׳Ϊһλߡ
ܵܣҲͻ˰̫ˣҸղſһռ䣬ȱЩʲôҶһۣҶ˷ܵ
ΪλߣܹԼ磬ĹǱ˵ģʵǿ󣬿԰һЩˣƾӵ磬ŻΪһĴ
Ҷ磬ʱһµϢޣľһƬгȻľҶ㼫ĿԶȥ粢󣬽нǧƽף֮ǹδ״ֻ̬ҶΪķΧ
ܵܣ㿴Ҷָ񷣬ŷ֣ҶĹҪɱ쾭תϹűʴ
㣬Ĺ̫һˣĿǰֻһЩͽ׵СңҲͣʱࡣҶüͷΪһҶʱùͿܳű򣬱硣
ǰɱͨǿߣǵķֲռķ򣬺ٺ١ҶЦֻ۾һ˸ŽĹâʱǿɱüͷȫ
Ҷ㣬ɣؼǿЦϵʮǿҶѪȻҲǞ֮
ߣЩһɱˣҿҶ㻹ʲôʱ򣡡ؼǿңңسǵǿ߾䡣
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ҽ˷һҶߵѪ֮Уġ
Ȼϲͷڹ꣬ҾͰҶɱ⣬˵㻹иĸףȥץĸ䵽ҵϣҿܹʲôʱ򣡡
ƾһССĞ߾ĸвңδ̫Ц˰ɣʱһҶׯ԰֮
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Ҷ㣿۹Ԫ˧ȿڣĿ𾪵ĹâΪҶϸеһ˿ɲϢɽһ㲻Խ
ѵλߣԪ˧һս
ߣôϻʲôǸѾͷǸλΣͷҲһʬ壡Ǭǿߵ磬ϤһУҶΪտȴΪ⡣
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Ҷϣһֱֻں棬ֺ򵥵һȭ粣һ㣬һը飬һֻӡһץסߵԴԪٳ

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ҶоһΣյϢϢ˷пλͨǿߣĵġ
ΪɱһӢЦھ͸ۣɱ㣡֣ʱٴһ񾳵ǿߣҶӣŭ֪տտֱ̧һơâ貣һգ
˵ǷǸһ֮ڣɱ㣬ҸԸ־ܣҶһʧԭأ
ֻоһĸоɱȻɱһȻ䣬Ȼһɲеһϣ
ۣ
ҶûгȴȵҪ֮Уһ顮֡Ȼأ۵һ죬Ҷٴθֳ
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ߣ֪Ϊ÷ľѹһѹڳǿߣȻԴΪڳ֮ûһĶ֣Ҿһսף



һٰʮ Ѫ
Ȼѣ¶֮ɫҲ֪˭Ҷľѹлδ֮ʣѾ֡
Ĺֳһľȣһһ㣬Ҷɱ˹
Ҷ⣬ֳһ޶ɨʮڹ֮˲仯ɷݴСȻȥֵסľȣâţ䶯һľҲ赲סҵȥ·ҿձؽ˵أͨ
֮䣬һ˿ԴˮҶĹɱ֮Ƹңأͨĺ΢΢ͣͣȻԼ걻ᣡڻ
˞ǿߣѾλߵϢʩչСͨ㣬ֻʮСһôҲʩչͨ
Һ˺ĸоľԪƺбƣ
飡
ʶ΢˸ľȺȻѣľмϡϡƮ͵һѪŷŭҶСӣղɱ㣬ĲΪˣСͨСֻͨСնͨɱɱɱ
ǧǧִͨǧСͨȫն֮
쳤ХɱһΪ˺գҶɱȥ
ͨѵֻ𣿴ͨͨͨɣ
ҶֳѪɱħƺǣɱֱլӿʼӶħϻӳķâɱһɱ˹
ʵϣҶʮս͞һһЩԴˮֻҪˮڣսͲߣ
飡飡飡
֮ͨļײҶӷͨǴͨλߵϢһɣˣâԽԽѪ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ɱ
ѪɱħɨķƬΪ·һ㣡
ۣ
գ֮䣬ĵһҶ㵱ͷ䣬ɱԴȻ룬Ѫ֣ŭԴ֮һ
ãǿ߲Ķ֣СôôǿԪ˧𾪵Ŀ˸͸լӣȻַڵվһˣһҶ㳤ż
լڵĸĸףȥץסҶɱ±ǿ¶а⣬ͼҶĸв
ʱҶ㹥ɱĵ޲亹ֱ˭Ҳ뵽һʮСһնɱΪλ֮·ǿߵķ
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˻һ߷ӿҶׯ԰ûκΪҶɱ˹ȥ
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ץסĸףβ񣡡Ԫ˧۷⣬ȻѾ֣Ŀ⻹ŷҶĸ
Ҫ棬ĸ׳ǣĳͷղǰݺݵĵնһΪ󽵣
Ǹʲôҷɷɣؼǿ߹Цͷ绨ǿ߶һۣš
ףŮ˱ֻǞļһһͷޣͽˣǲסСӣԪ˧׵壬Ҷĸ֮۶ȥ
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ȻգȻ£
Ҷŭŭգɭɱ֮ȴ̤ͼ͵ʧ
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ҶɭȻսף˵ȵɱںȻɱͽǿߣ۹ľ߱ɱ룬Ȼը
һʱ䣬ѪȾ񷣬Ѫζ
ҶԴȴû˸ЦԴ˵֮ԣǸܵɭȻµɱǿ߲˿̵Ҷ㣬Ǵӵɱޣ
УƣǺλߣҲ̻̲ɶã
ǰҶǿƣ֪Щ˻٣Ҷ㣡

˵ˣһҪ㿪ҶиҶ紫һĶԸͨλߣｻ
Сӣսͨ죬Ҳ赲סҵȥ·Ԫ˧ҶĻϾһԪ˧ɱ飬һܱȡ
Ҷ㽻֣μۣ⼱ĿǷڵҶĸ
񷣡̧֮䣬һƬţɨգƺҪҶ֮У
ۣ
һ̣飬һƬѪ֣貵ĵâݹ࣬һѪѵһֱ۱ݺݵ񷣡

Ԫ˧ҺڣһƬѪŽֻʺˣûϵҶսȻǿᣡȻ־ǣҶĵûͣ͵˼գ֮䣬ͨչ֣ٵâŷԪ˧϶Ȼը
飡
ѪʣȻˡ
˵ˣƾһСϺףҲĸף͵߸ڰ׵ߵھʶʶʵȻвҵĸףҲƽԹһңǣѹɱ֮Уóͨ
ҶԪ˧Һƺ֯һ
ۣۣ
Ԫ˧ҶԵֿ嵹ɶĶԪƺҪֹҶĵ⣬ֻһҶʵ̫ˣͨ壬֮˿ɵ
Ѫ񷣬౻ɱ٣ƸԪ˧೦ƮƮڳ֮˾Եһһ羲˿־壬Ψʣһ죡
ʶȻ䣬Ԫ˧ݺݵ䣬Ϊ࣡˿˿ľԪԴ飬һεԴˮ
У
Ԫ˧ΪһĻ˵Ҷ㣬вԾ¶־֮ɫ
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һ̫ǿˣһǿߣˣ
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ˣĸ׳֣ûһѣͨҽչֵĽ壬ҿ˭ֵܵȫҶʣǿ߾һս
ѪɱħɨʮҶׯ԰ӿլڵȫ䣬ҽ˷գ֮䣬Ҷׯ԰ΪһƬ޳Ѫ۳һ
ҵ죬ҵ׿ʲô⻹ǽͨˣҶȹ˽ͼ׷ɱİ壬ȴû뵽ڽգȻչֳ˿µͨ
쿴ǾԪҶ㵽ʲô̥˵ľԪҲգ
һ̣ϣֻʣһƬƬѪ⣬Ҳûһ壡
˵ˣȫҪǾǵ³ҶȣѪɱħѪȾ񷣬ɱУȻɱǿ߷Ĳ˲



һٰʮ Ѫޣ
ɭޣ纮ǣͼռ䣬ٶȿ쵽˼£
𣡱𡭡
ۣ
绨ǿһ־壬ͨϣܵԼľԪţֹ˲䣬ͷ­߸ߵ
˿̵ҶԡѪޣÿնɱһλǿߣԴˮÿʩչͨնɱһǿߣ
Ѫɱħգʣǿ߸εѣʶһǿ־ǣһֻ־Ҷ㣬ҶȴܹʩչµͨȻʩչ֮ʱԪԴԴߣǼΪֻ֮
Ҷûһ˿ͣͣȥһͬʱˣٶȣҶȷ̫ˣ
嵴µ籩һˣ䣡
𣿷ĺ׳ﵽȥˣھվߣôɱˣߣҾɣ
ɫ䣬ͬʱĳһƣĵƷγһϣҪ壬Ψһ
̫ˣұɣ־ʶѪɱħӿɱ߷ͬʱ飬տϤ
Ҷ㣡һҷĲҺһֻ˵ҰޣҰɫĳըħһ㣬˷Ҷɱ
Ҫľ㣡ͨͨͨɣͨɽ£Ȼɨ˿ա
飡
ͨ壬ɫȻټϷŵˣ赲͵ҧһԲУ͵صԼǰ弱˶ȥ
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ϼһ˵ЦĪôˣ¾ˣҶЦΪͨļһɱң֪Ĺ飬Ͳô˵ˣȫʬģһһȫʬ
ͬͬ죡ϲüң𣬻ֱĴѧһУľУȻɱ
Ҷ֣Ѫɱħĵ滮Ʋ񷣬ݹ࣬Ĵѧ֮УǳɱܵУ
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Ѫ֣ѪɱħжѪȾƬգ
ҺҶתɱ᳹壬֮ͨ
ɣһȫʬ
飡
ɱ屻ݺݵ˦½һעʯʨϣ۾ƺһУÞǿ߾ȻʮСһϣѾûϢ
Ѫħϲͣ䣬˿̵ҶԡѪͬһ㣬⣬ɨˣ
ҶǿˣߴǿߣʱѾˣҪ֪˿ǵصصĞ۷ǿߣڻɱʱǿˣҶһˮڸɿݵľԪ˲䱻
ǵˮʲôô˿µЧ
ˣҶĿɵ֮ܵԼʮľ翪ʼɶƺͻ֮ƣһϲ
ӷδ̫ǿ˰ɣǿߣһССʮܳܵ˵ģǷҷ𣬽ʱĻ֤ڵĴ״οڣɫģϣȴûܿĿ֮һֻۣоޱߵ棡
ķ𷨣ȻȷҪǿ࣡Ҷ㰵һ˿һĨЦԪתʱ׼һ
УҺԩ޳ΪǲΪңĪǿҶ۸ҪɱţΪڵſ·ɹǬʮʵ֮У
Ǻһ΢Цƴ飬Ҷȴһв򵥣ֻڵС˳֮ˣܺһ㣬ΪԵ˵Сɱʦֶͨɱʦܷѵ˵Ǻҷԩ޳𣿡
ʦ֣Ҷɫ΢䣬ӷļȷôһλʦ֣ΪΪɲ⣬ȻֻŞΪȴ𷨾տѾλ֮·һλţҲϣʮ֮ڣͨľţ
ʦαϻھǰȥڣ±ǿ˵һ˿⣬֮УΪҶĵ泯ת϶ҶһĿؽ
ΧһʮļһǿȥΪسǵӵܣҲϣʮʵѡȻΪ˴»һǰĵġʱسǵǿȿڣͬʱһϣҶܵɲϢָоԴˮҲδĶ֣
Ŷʮʺ򲹰λسģǬǿһĨȣֶĵΪһǰ˿̺ˣͺĵ
ʮʺ򲹰λǬ飬ֵӵļֶβἤŭԷԼɱ֮ĿһۣĹâǬһ
㣡͵ϮңǬԪӿȻڶ˴֮ʱҶ㶯ˣٶȿ쵽˼£ĿǸ±ǿߣ
±ǿɫ䣬Ҷ⼲գ֮䣬ͳ嵽࣬Ѫɱħɱֱ죬ݺݵ˺ķȥ
䣡
±ǿֻоȫըˣ֮нѪˮ˳ŽҶһĿͼһɱ
Ǟ֮ӣܱնɱҰ룡±ǿ߿ҽУϾǞ죬СͨʩչǶǰĳȻһɾȥͬʱ͸ĵƺһɱס
ãҪҵħҶһû뵽һﵨ֮󡣽뼤սǿߣľĸооҪ˵أ±ǿ߸̰ͼҶı
͸һݴ񣬾ͿܲܳԵ£ħ˲䣬һ˿ʱҲǷ±Ҷһ
ʮ߱սɱҶ㳤Хһ˿ʱ䣬ҶͬҲΪ±ǿߵ̰Ҷһ
ۣ
ս壬ʮ߱սɱֺ꣬±ǿߵڵѪͬʱްûڣǱӦ飬ʮ߱սڣȻ顣
֫ͷ­ȫ˷۶ȥƺһּ̣ʬһ㣬ѪȲбһƬѪ죬˱ǣŻ
ʲôɱһһ̣˵˼άͣͣȻһ̣Ҷĺ֮ң



һٰʮ ֮Σ
ϹŴУû뵽㾹ȻϹŴתȱһѵĶ¯ܽͨ죬ˣһųջЦݡ
ǬͷȾѵĶ¯ø㣡ϷϷһܽͨ죬ŮϻֲֿĲֲ˵ֱ֮Ϊһͷһۣһ˵ͷ֮˶ܳϵģ죬ĪΪһϹŴת֮ոͨļһܳΪһͷһǿ߿ڵ
ȻɲǸתô򵥣ǼΪ⣬ֻҪΪһͷû⣡
ߣҲЩСƤĺܲϸƤ⣬һǸӣþûּƷŮˣձǿ߷ŵЦӼΪ
ҶգĿλͨǿߣ֮Уͨ죬˶ͨ
˵𣿡ҶͻȻڵƤһֻҶ˵ˣ
˵ţһħУƻֺ꣬ٵĳ趯һӷȵǿͬʱ˺һ
λͨ¾ɲһսѸ߹磬ͬڵҶ磬Կһͨǿ߿ʤսǿֵͨλ߷µĹûκλ֮أ
䣡
â䣬Ҷǿ߶һǿ֮
ھʮ֮Ҷ·磬ǿѹŴ
СƤҵĵʮ巿С檣Ҳܹһ棬ܵһ·ǬͷЦеĶҶ磬аâһš
ޣҪ
۵һҶĺ󱳱һâ飬Ѫ죬ѩ׵ļ֣Ҷҧ飬Ҫ
С˾ҲƯ̶ֳȣǸƷŮЩʥŮҲ̻̲ɶãҿʤһ磡ͬЦţһ˲˲Ķ¶ļţ
޳ܣҶҧѣεĸоü٣Ҳʼһ̣Ȼʶá
ǡǴҩҶһĿ⾹Ȼ
Сӣѵ㻹ҵĵͿμŮҲѲⴺҩҿ㻹ǹԹԵҵĶ¯Ժ׼Ϊ죬ĸףҲչ˺õģ
ǿһЦ˵ŻŪһµ棬ӵ֮Ǭͷ۹ǿ߶Ц·𿴵Ҷһ㣬ԼΪһͷ
һ̣Ҷһɫѿ֮ҲţִҩרŰŮƳɶ¯ҩ޽Σ
˶߳ȥҶ˵ǰһ죬Ϊܵӣһ
ܵܣɱɱңúñĸסҶܵԼʵı仯ʶʼɢʣµĶ
㣡Ҷ£аޣѵһı߻Ҫ
һɲ˺ͽһӣһķֱ𣬸ոȻС˵İ㣬ѵ࣬ҪٴҶȥ
ҲҪҽҲҪҪҾ죡ҪҾأ˭˭ҾҪ
Ҷ쳤Хףǹĺؾ޲ҶʼҲ
ҲҲ죬ȻҪҽ˰㣡Ҳûҵ˭ҲܴҵߴҵļˣٺȻըգ۽µˮɫɺɫԽԽȵĽ㡣
ʮּеŭԽԽʢŲԶˣɱױȣһҪǳǣ̷ܾó
˵ɱ˽㣬Ҫý֣֮󣬽㡭Ž㣬ĸߣЩˣҪסǵòգգΪ˽㱨𡭡ҶѪҶһЦ
һеܵܣĸףף޻ڡħҶŽҶ㻳Ҫؿڴ˹ȥ
ͣ
һŹâ͵شħҶ£ٶȵҶĻȻ۾룬˫ҶϺ
ʹһѵĶ¯˵ֱ̫ˣǬͷݺݵ˵
ˣɵʱҲˣҵĺö¯ڸûصҵˣҵλ߿Ца
Ҷ쳤Хڷ裬һֻ˵ҰޣŭޣԼΪʲô֮ͣҲһλλߣЩһﲻ߹
ٸʮ꣬ؼ仹мĶ֣жҪΪ¯
ҲҪ죡˭ҵңҪأɱ˭Ҳ߳ȥҪɱǣɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ߸ɱֳ޾ŭɱֱľҲͨǿ߶Ȼ䣡
ҶųױȵĹԣ֮Уںڵĳڼٿݰܣɻױѩף̶ɲǵĹѾѩȻòδ¡
׷ѩȥ㲲ɣɼĶǰһлûнת
һҹͷΣĲֲܹ˵ģʶĻնȥΪĽĸҲܴ󷢴ȱߣǿ߷˴Ц׹͸˲ռ䣬˵Ķ
죬ҶͷˣҶƺ˴ҵ죬⵽ô£
ˣ㿴ҶӣҪˣ֪ᷢʲô£
쭣˿ɶλߣһ˳֣ƾʲô쭣

ߣҾҵҲҪҽû赲ңҷ֮ȼհɣҶѡȼԼ
Ψˣһƴ֮
һ꣡
꣡
꣡
İ꣡
İٰʮ꣡
ʱҶ㣬ȻȼİٰʮеԴˮµƺҪűˡ
һֱҶ磬ƿնһżֱ죬Ȼһ̣һ˵ϢǿߣǸܵԼ·֮ƺһжڵˣΪڵˣڵˣ
ضϧ仰ص˵Ķߣһ̣в޾Ŀ־壬ǿ־壬ĸܵԼĵˣ
ƹôϢһĳ˵ϡ룡Ǭͷһϳɫޱ䣬ջ֮ɫҲʶĵˣ
ᣡֵģǾ죡򣬳ҶĮƺ˵һִй٣һ仰϶



һٰʮ 
ֻһʮСһȼΣܲģóⶫƭˣңҵӡҲ֮УôߣȻ㲻ʶȤҾ·ǿסеĿ־壬ǰһϳľһֱƺҪ־Ķ飡
ˣৣ
͵ſҳͣתȻڵâɱ֮ʱҳ͵غϱնϣһ㶣Ȼֵ澹ȻǶ棡
ӡǣУԼ죬ķ磡Ҷ׹һ͵زڹȻ£
ҶĻͷƤ飬Ҷĺɱǿ߱ܿ˿̣ȻԼֵܹ֮˵ģ
ŭ𣬵ξȻױȵٴεͷȻ֮ѾûȲ
С㾹Ȼܴ߶ǣλߣңһԪľһɥ֮ʱҧһֿ֮ӵ
ৣ
һ˿˿֮ҶץУȫҶ磬һ磬˿̵Ҷ类ʶеĸϢʱס
ķ֮£翪ʼḻҶҲ֮һǳ֮ɫʼȥ
Ȼĳλߵķʲôֲķܹ磿
ͷµĶû뵽ҶоȻִڣҲ֪ˣǲң
һ̣˶ˣû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼĳλߵķ
λ֮طҲǿʩչͨȻһ򱻳ļͻȥ
ʲôѵɣҽܰȵķ֣Ҷ½ƽҲٲƺҩѹȥ
λΣֻҪ˵ҺθɣɱɱɱҶƺѾħ
Ҷ㣬㾹ҳҵķһŹģҵǿԲܹģҶ㣡СұضҪǣ㣬ĸȫƳ¯ҵĿ³лԽԽޡ
ǿΣұضɱңҵĽ£㾹ȻҶҽ֣ҲҪķ򣬻Ҫѹɱ֮Уҹɱʴһ컯Ϊһ˿ɱҾͻɱɱ¾ļˣܾµĥ
ҶĻħһ㣬жҸǺ޵һ߶ȣһһεΪھȻĽ㣬Ҳˡģ
һᣬҺԽԽС֮ȫû룬еķ֮ûҶԼ磡
ȻǸöܹõһܹħ֮ΪһͷǬͷͷһۣ̰Ĺâ
ؼҺͷ绨ŵǿҲ¶̰Ҫᣬʣλ񾳵ǿ߶ҲҲſС
ҶаģЩһɱûа㻹֮Ҵ˿ľٴһͨλߣ
Ҷʩ㻹Ƿҷ𣬼ȻʩĽΪβԸҲҪȥʩǷһ飬˵һѪĻ
ҿҶһ͵˸Ѫɱħֺգ£ɭɭĵ˺˲񷣬˲Ѫˣնֱֻۣ߬ĵļʺѪҺȾ˲񷣡
ʹĻ֣ҲնµĲֱۣͷ­ȥһۣʹ飬ٽŤ˿˿Ѫ֮
ҵ죬ٶ̫˰ɣűսòƿԿͨλ˰ɣ˾ǵɨ񷣬һѹѹĺµĿѲٵͽ߾ɨɣ
ֶΣԪҲһգϾҪˣǬǿЦţЩǿûг֣ҲǵҶսľ֮ʱ
λ߶ϼ޻ļһôЩֺõ£ȻᱦǻʮԵġ
ҽ³ߣʰᣬڣҶȻһ𾪵Ŀ֮Уһ˿Ҷ֮С
ħ裬ݺת޾֮ɢҶ翪ʼϸϸķ򱻴쾭֮У쾭Ȼתķʼ
Ҷı仯ֻѹסҩ޷ֹͣת֮ҩٴӿҶɫó
ˣҶЦİٰʮѾҪȼˣٴһλλߣһٴμ۶ȥ
ͨͨɱɱɱҶһâţӿգ֮䣬Ͱѱ
򲻹ʱѹסҩлͨǿ֣
飡
ʶâ˲ţȻ£ëըԹĿҶһۣҧҧĹâ趯־ͳһᣬϽΪḻ
ϽĹʵΪһ˿ӵķ
ᣡҶһ㶣ϲҲûκι˼ɣȻɱ˹ȥͨʩչͼٶȷӵ˼¡
ڱҪʳ˲䣬һֻȻ䣬ɫĹâȻ£ɫһ࣬еֵĿֲһ䣬ûκλ·ֱӳΪһ̲࣡

ʵǞ죬ҶλߡɱһԶװֵϳһʺĴӡ
ˣҶ㳤Хһ˲Уֵ˲䣬ɫÿϲΪܵһ˿ķ
ͣͣͣ
쾭תĹâԺ̫ԣһ˿磬Ҷڵҩѹ
ɣɣħգߴûһ֮УľԪӿڣһεԴˮȫιҶ
Ҷ彥תҩѹ£ҲʼҶ𽥸ı䡣
ϺУһ㣡·ӣҶȣʶȻ䣬âɣ֮ڶϺиͲҶĶ֣
ҪɱħתħҪħϵ˲䱻飬ĿԭĽںӿħ
ͬʱҲȼԼȡǿƱɱҶ㣡
㲻䣡Ҷ˿ΪħգһѪ⣬Ǟ񾳵ǿߣҲᱻ룡
ۣ
ȻĶԭأӶͷʼȻѿȻأȻѳĲʬħӿ
Ҷ㶯磬ʶ£һ˿˿ɣɲǼ䣬ѪģʱȻ׹£һ˿һ
飡
ӨɫĻǴѣԹĿһҶ㣬۶ȥҶɫһ䣬ٶȸ֣һ죬ӨɫĹâ˲飬һ߳ƵĴ˾ͱҶɱ
ʮʺ򲹰ϵĵλģλǬһ˷ŵû겻壬æԼķ弲۶ȥһϱĺ󳾣
Ҫһ磬ҵĽҶѾ뵽ƽ֮磬½磬Ҷ
ߣԪѾĵĲˣͷҲó˰ɣǾգעҪΪ¯˵ģЦǿЦŴҶ磬ǬǿһЦ
Ҷɫһ䣬ɫҲѿȷԪľˣһλͨǿߣѾʮǿˣٴɱ˶ǿߣһεԴˮѾļޡ
ֻҪҲ˭ҲܶҽֺᶨĿֳħȻԪľһս֮û뿪˵أ
죬ߣҪΪӲȥߡҶ۽ǵһξӨ飬뵽Լ䡣
ΪͻƵܱ֮ͨܵܣκ۸û뵽ʱȻݺ˵ܵܣ
㣬㲻Ҫ˵ֻҪڣû˵㣡ûܴ㣡
Բѣ֮ǰǬǿ֮ʱ˵ģҪҼҶ÷ߣһԭĻ㣡Ҿ֪ߵغСӣʶʶʲôͨλߣǬǿһŭһâ޿ɵɱ
ˣ
ҶһХôҳ֣ѵңڿ;ƿݣû٣ˣƾ㣬ԶԶ񣡽֮裬Ҷˣգصٱ
ɱɱǸ
ʱ֮˳˿̵ħһ㣬֮ɢֻľѾڣ½һλ񾳵ߣ
еĺأ֮һӿȻѾħƱҪɱҶ㣡
Ҷ۲䣬գλߵһ治ɫȻ
䣡
һը죬Ҷ㱧Ҷ磬Ѫӿ˺ʮףѪȻѾֱվûһ˿֮⣡
Сӣ˵ǸǬǿ߼һûնɱҶ㣬߳ŭ͵ţɱҶ˫ȣ
ţΪ˻ҶոǬ֮裡
һ̣Ҷ²Ȼɫұ䣬ֱǰѣҲɥʧ־
ʮ߱սħɽȻȥû˿ӭѶϣ
֪ԼǶ֣ҲֿҲҪվ
𣿡
ڶҪɲǣһ˵ﶼһ飡



һٰʮ ѡʦ
ڹؼʱ̣һȴ˵Ķ֮һ٣˶оͷһӰͨǿҲɴ۾Ų񷣬ΪǹƣҲľս
ۣ
ǴҶĽŹ⣬ʱһ飬һ̣¶ĸӰĸӰͬɫ·֮Уʱ򣬹ʣΪ֮۷
˭ô֮ǿҶһ£д󾪣Ϊ˵ʵ͸
ƾǼֻСϺҲܲ𣿡Ϊ׵İӣǵ֮ˣһЦ̤գ˹
Ųͬħһ̤£޲
ǿ
˵
͵Ҷ㣬ƺҪҶ㿴͸һ㣬Ҷüͷ壬ȻԷһǣҲ
η壬ֱӶȥǰӵĿһ
Ҷһһ˿ѪŲ˼ɼᶨŰӣûκη֮ɫ
ߣ
һߣҶ͵غˣ·ܰһɸӣʶڳĬõķٶʼתȻ֮󣬷ٶһһ˿˿Ƹֳ
˰Σʱ䣬綼ˣû˸˵סһĻ
ǰתͷ¶һ˿Цݣ΢΢ͷ͵־Ҳֻǣʵ̫Ͼʱ仹̣ȡ˳ɼҲ˵ǲˡ
ðӵͣҶסˣЩɶͷԣһƸһ棿
㣡ָһһ⼤Ҷһ֣̽ȻһҩطҶⷨҪᾫĶ࣬پʮŵܹȵ˵ġ
ҩΪ򵤣ãȻµķµ磬ҩԿӭж⣡
ӵ˵ţҶ˫ֿʼöҩܾȽûֱιԣǳĬߣģòãɽƭһСӣǰȻЩãڵݵ˲䣬˵һ
ãɽ
ǿǴ˵еĴڣ˵ϹűŴɣһֱڣò˥Ǭɴ޵ľްԣͷˣλ˼ȻڸǰƹǬɴ޵״̬Ҳ߶ѧʥأ
Ȼȣʲôңؼңպϣûпɱԣ
лҶǷһ飡
ҶѵҩιҶ磬һ̣ĸо
ǺǡЦЦûʲôҶܲԹ־ᶨ첻µز£ѣܿԼŬ˷ȥ˲л۷֮
ʹңǡǿҲҰʲôӣȫڵأ亹ֱû뵽ãɽȻְҶ㡣
Ȼͨλߣӵƨ㣬˼һָʮ˸ġ
ɺˣ뵽Լ˵ĻִԼʮĳ嶯ҷģȥһҪǰ֮˳ǣ
У˵һ
һ̣ʯʨӵɫҲΪҶˣ޶Ȼܱȴû뵽˽֣ҽֵľȻǲãɽ
ҵ죬ҶֲýԴ󣬳ֺҲƺԭŲãɽ˵̨
ǰֲ˿£ǿھȻһڵϣŻֺҪҶأڡ޳

Щ˵˽ҶһЦ֮һǿתԪΪҶĸܵϢʼҶҲģһңǧƽס
Ҳǵһ򣬾Ҷסʮ£Ҳʲô⡣
ĸãɽǿĿһҶ㣬ǲûи˵ҩΪ˿ҶǱΣҶ򣬻ΪҶƣԪȻԵÿݽߣǱڣвųһĨ⡣
˿ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣
ʱҶĸլڣǵ˳Ҳ˲پţŮ⺦Ӽսн٣Լȴ޸֮дޡ
ʦãǺþòǰ¶ЦݣҶĸ
һ̣˴ľҶҲһȫסˣû뵽Լĸ׾ȻͲãɽйϵǰӵĿƺʮ𾴡
ǰһ𣬾ʮ꣡лǰҶŮѣһСΪڴһ񣡡˵ţҪȥ
򲻿ɣʦãʹõģҪǱʦ֪ˣһᱻùѪͷġӻæסҶĸ˵ŻҶɫס
Ҷˣ⵽ô£
ȿȡҶһںѪɫȴһĻȻ
ȿȣʦãﻹе£Ұ꣬ɣ
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ȿȡʦָɿȼǿȵ֮¾ʹ˽ᣬҶ㡢ҶҲãɽˣ£
ǣǡҲˡǿߴ˿繷һڵϣͷ絷⡣
ǲ֪ݣҲﲻǿһһҪ֪ãɽߣɱ˭Ҳ˵ʲôǣ˰ɱʹֶɱôǽҪֹı
ǣ⣬ģһȥɣǿ֪ΪΣǽǺͶ겻ʦɣͽҶ㣬Ҷѡʦ
ʲô
⻰˵Ӷˣѡʦ°ԹŶѡͽܣһ˵ѡʦһ˵
ѡʦЩЦᶨ˵ľ˼



һپʮ ܾ
ԭãɽˣƽ֮ǰҶΪͽʴǲĴ󶥼ǰҶѡͶĳ˵¡
ʼЩмȻĹĴУҲҶֻ֣ȶ֮УҶһŵûһǧҲа˰٣˵ʤƽ֮˭ҲΥ֮²ǰ˵ء
ÿҶսߴǿߣʱʧɫ֪ҶͶȡɣˮȡʤս˸е£ȻȞ񾳵ǿߣ
Ҫ֪ҶʮΪֲսǬ½ҳĻ治࣬˱ĸ֮ҸΪǿ󣬶ҶûдˣһҶ㣬ʱͽ֮ġ
Ȼ̸Ҷĸʱ򣬺ȻҶĸףȻСʦãż
һ¶Ǹ⣬ٿЩԼʦãŭӿʱǸӾȵ鷢ˣҶ㾹Ȼƾһͨλߣ
ĴǿߣҲסˣͨʮ־ĴڣһָߣҪɱλߣϼѣǾڶԷʵ̫ѡ
һжҶˣƾԼͨսһλλߣɹΪҶ硣
һϵ𾪵鷢˼ᶨһҪͽܣ
СʦãΪҲ֪ʦڴˣʦ˼Ҳû˵ԡʦΪ캣죬Ҷׯ԰ĿУŲ裬Ц
ᵽʦ֣Ҷϵɫһ䣬漴ָͷЦôʦ֣һλҪлʦֳȣ
ᵽҶ㡢Ҷ䣬ҶϾ̲סᣬʦֶʱԵ޴룬֪ƣһ֮ɫҺó飬æȰ
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Ҷ缱æǰο˫һͨ캣תͷҶ֪ΪʲôŹǼһûо͵նɱ𣿡
ǺǣҪлʦ⡣Ϊº׳ƱնɱЩһʦ֣ҵԲƣձضӰľ̤۷֮ʦִʱݱϾŲãɽãɽǿҲˣ̬ȹнνֲЦˣѾϴʦٳ֣ãɽ
ҶЦж캣˼׼֡ûг֣ҲǼΪ˵ģʡǷ¸飬Գ
Сӣսͨ죬˼άҲ˿ֻҪһֱŬȥһ;ضն̤۷壡캣¶ͣҲЩֶԿǰҵ£캣Ϊͨ۷֮ħҲ̧֮䣬ڲãɽҲЩʦӡ
ιιʦ֣ǿ˵˵ģ¶Ϊֶƾֱȥѡʦɲˣֶҿ޽ӽħǿߣڲãɽһҲϵǿߣ۵ƺҲϽҶԼʵǳ磬ĽҲʾһҪͽӡ

Ҷ㣬Ҷ绹ҶȫסˣΪãɽӵҶϣλʦֱ¼ҵ֪͸ҪڲãɽҪͽܣҲһаӦǿ߾ԴҲ뼷ȴ뵽λʦ֣ΪҪԼĶӵͽܣ첱Ӵ֣Ҫǹ˼ɶ֣Ѿ֡
ȿȣܲͣ£ҵҶɿȼ
ƹ޷壬ܸṩʥҩ߾磡մ̤֮֮λ㣡
Ҿͨؾǵǿ쾭ڸ㣬۷ⲻ󣡡
ΪǶǿ
ҵ£
ͬʱڣŪҶҲΣ֮£ܲҺĸף£
ã캣Ͻƹܲãɽ֮һֻҪΪʦҿҵ㣡
Ҳǣ
Ҳǣ
Ҳǣ
ƺԼƷʾ˵
ãҶĸϣҶףҶһ֮ɫҲԼʱˡ
ǣҶĸƳţȿʵ
ף̫׷ɱңҵǿԶǺԸ׺ͽҲͺһŵµȻãɽҪΪͽҵǴӦǣ˳ˮۣҲܻĸף㰲ڴӦĸΪʦҾΪˡ
Ǻǣѵ÷ТģȻ֪׺ͽˡҶοЦʱʶԼĶӳˣҲǶСһˡ
ҶܵĿ⣬ҶЦ֪֪׵ĹȥҲգҲ͸ǣ˳˵˵ãɽ
ϲλʦֶǳ޷壬޳һǵʦҵĸףҲǵ⹫ǺǣȻǵҿɴûк˵˰졣˵ײԸ¶ŲѵĿԡҶ֮Уɫ࣬˵
ãɽҲɵģΪ⣬С޷Ȼû˸˵ʲôڲãɽΪ޳ΨһŮԺƱҪ̳²Ҹ޷ȻάңڳϴƵұ̳˵ݡ
⣬ҶƤһˮͨˮԴԸףǻԴĸףȻ˵ĸ׾ȻĪ壿
û뵽ĸ׵ľȻ࣬г·ķϲֻĸҪǿ̫࣬Ŭر
һеѪƹⵤڣĸ׵һı䣬ʮ¿ʼû⣡
ͷʯһֻĸ׼˽ΪãɽѧʥأܹУܰŬȴ֪ãɽľΪңһΪ˳λ̻½ѣ̵ȥ˵𣬻ķգ˵п֮
ҶüͷȻҶ˵ļ򵥣֮Уĸܵĸеʹȡ죬˭ֹˣ
ףѡɣҶ㿪ڵһףΪ캣˿Ҷεӣԭԭڴˡ
ҶϵһμȻƽһٶ̤壬ٷͽݻȥŵĸףһƽŵĸף
ҶϽվԽ˵ԽɫҲ˷֮
ã׷ģһŬ׵ĶҶ۷żᶨĹâ߬ȭͷ
ףҲŬġҶ籧סҶϵֱۣᶨ
ããһҪ԰ȫΪأһӣĵıǣǿӣܳ˲ֻҪƽˡҶŶŮ̾Ϣ
ʦ˶ǾǿߣΪʦҲ棬ĸȰ㣬Լ߳ģǱ˽̳ģҶ϶Ҷ㣬˵
ʲôҶһ⻰Ǹ׶Ļ𣬶׵˼ǲˣԼĵҪԼȥ
ˣס
ôǲǿǺˣҪΪʦҵ£񵤣ֻҪ㹻ĲϣҲܹƣҶĽ׵һվϽ
֪ҶĻһڣʺϼ̳²
УСֻĴҿ޽ӽħǿߣҿϰҵʮ֮ڣ̤ͨ죬ûκ⣡ƺ棬һɽһ㣬˸еɲ⡣
ǺǣʦֵҲˣҿֶһѾˣǻǿ˵ɡ캣쵭Цƺгƺ֪Ҷһѡһ㡣
Ҷɫ糣񣬹λʦѾˣҿԼãɽһ
Ŷֶ˵캣۷һĨâɫ
ãɽֻһĸףн㣬һȥһڼһǣңҲᵣһ˼Ҵĸ׺ͽһͬǰҶ㵭
Ǻǣֶãɽй涨ֻһȴԴĸˣ㿴
Уĸ׺ͽҪĴڣΪūͣҶĿ磬͵վƻֺ꣬Ȼʣʮǹնɱͨǿߵƣ֮
ùðֻãɽҲǲ飬ֻҪΪԴﵽͨλ֮ԴҾ졣캣쿴ҶһۣеԱ
캣쿪ڵֶķṦΰƽ°˳û⡣ѾӦˣֶǲǸѡʦˣ
ȻֻҵľǸλʦˣԼܿǱʦ֮磬λʦʱ䣬֮ҵľ粻λ⣬ʱλʦͽ˼Ե£²
Ҷһ
ŶԼ꿪Ǳ¶ȣ캣쿪ڵֶ֪ʮͣľʱһδǰ;δع
ҶĻ˲ûжŭҲҶľҲҶĸԭĻΣΪҶ㡣
лʦ񰮣֪Ҹţ֮ҽһµĸ߶ȣҶ˸ž⣬֮ϵ츳ȫչ¶ͣսǿУھǱΪҲͻͽ
ΪʲôܸΪʲô𣿡Ŀ˸ͣҶ㵽״Ӻζţ˲ɵţһ
ҵĸףҶ죡
Ҷдһ˿׻ڣǱȲ
ȷҶֵʱ˵ɫһ䣡
Ȼֶ˾ҵҲΪ㣬ֻãɽҪ壬һǲ˿òҶŵĿ⣬˽һ£͵Ҷ꣬굽ܷΪƸ꣡
ǵȻҶͷ
캣챾ŹҶΪͽĺûᣬҶҶϵĶӣҲ޳ϵȻˣҲ޷ģȴӦɽ棬νۡ
Ҷûаĳ˵£ǽ壬õıߣҲ
ʦֵסգ´ãһǰãɽһ˵֮Уǻߣ캣ҲҪ
Ǿ̫ˣλʦ֣Ƕ겻һҪѾԻѾ׼ˣϢһᣬȥ׼Ʋˣǲ飡
ҶϺλʦ֣˵÷Сһ𳤴һ㣬ʮδ˷Ȼкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ãЩֵ꣬ҲСʦýҪʦΪͰʦú÷ȥãɽˣΪˬ죬һעᵽҶϣ˲
Բʦãҡ
û£꣬ЩҲϰˣһһ˫ŮģҲоʲôҶЦЦλʦ֣Ϊ˽Ƣԣ
ʦЩҲܿɣҲҪʦ˼ңЩ꣬Ҳʮֲã꣬Ϊһֻħľڣķڣ̾Ϣ캣Ȱ
лʦֹġ

ҶҶĸ׺ʦųȥҶµĿռ֮Уͨͼ
ܵܣĺգлл㡣ҶЦţһ˿ۡ
㣬һˡ
ҶЦ˵
ˣλʦûΪ㣬ǿĸ׺δ⹫ϣҲܵģҿǴɽ֮ʱٶȷѣʱܻʦҶЩĵ
ҿ˾Ǵ⣬ǵóѣҶЦһЩڽãɽȡѾͻƵ֮ȥʱҾк͞ǿһƴĻᡣ㣬ҲҪӿٶˣʱһҵɽأ
ͨͼڷڶ˵ǰһѣεĸоֺǿƣҶܸҴһۣ



һپʮһ ͼ
֮ͨƣ֮
ͨͼչֵ쾡£ڶΣҶڿ֮µġơһֱͨƾ죡
ͣ
һŵĻҶһ׳ԶصײϣһȻ֮ɫ֮£Ȼ֣ۣ
ǳҶ̲סԹһ䣬ȴٿͨͼʣʮֱˢ꣬˵ᡣ
ҶͨͼϣɫòҰף磬ܵԼΪųĽӴͨľ磬ǳܲסµͨͼ
ǣҲ࿴һۣԪɺԣھ˼˵ʧ޴
ܵܣһŻش裬ȥ
һɫĵҩ֣ŨŨҩ䷿ҵóӯҶһش裿Сʥҩ֮Ƶı㣬ϴ˲ٵطòƶûеõСʥҩĶ
٣ҶҲؾҶЦøһֻСһҶңȫԺߣ˲ؾҪķ򿪣һ㣬ȫ롣
ҩ죬ŨŨҩƢȻ޷ָ̻ҲʹҶ糣һ㣬ѩ׵ͷð߰
ãܵܣİٶԪһһҶ翴Ű߰׵ͷͷĵĵ
ҶЦЦЩΪ⡣
ʱһ˫鶯۾һգһգűϵͨͼСڿץŪ£ƺҪ
ѩСŮСת֮壬Ҷѩڴĸ׺λʦɣĵʮֿģȥһʱ£ԺﱼܣȻȴеһ֮ͨһĪĸоæ˹
ѩⶫ˵ġ
ҶѩץŪͨͼҪ򿪣ҶʧɫæֹȻҶѩȴ죬С۵һ𣬾Ҫ޳
㣬˵ʲôתҶۣҶѩһĶСӲ࣬Լ츳ͨѧһЩΣյϢһӦ˿ִҪͨͼĪʲô
ˢ
ͨͼӲӹԸ֣ΡĸоϮҶҶͬʱһ𣬲һȻ𾪵ǣҶѩŴ۾һ˲˲ĿͨͼϵĹ
ʲô˾һһۣǺȻ֮ɫ
Сѩܿһûʲô˺רעӣƺˣҶɴ۾ƺţҲҶѩܿҲ˵леܡ
ȻȴһĨģһϾ硱һĲˣһָ˼䣬֪ʱᷢʲô顣
Ҷ˼·Ҳͣʮ룬Ҷѩãתͷһ۶ˣϸһֵĽ壬֣ƺͨͼ
ѩ㡭
ǽɫĸҲͨͼ֮Ҳܽ⿪ˣҶЦܵĸоͨͼһʶѪĸо·˿ͨͼһ㣡
Ҷڹ֮ǰȻл̤۷壡
Ҳ۷֮·ϡ
ܵܣ֮;̰֮࣬һ·δֻͻͽҲǰ꣬Ҳ̤۷·
ҶĻҶٴüͷ˼ǰꡭ
Ƭ̣ĿٴǳѤãҶοЦЦҲ㣬̤ܵµ·
ʱҶѩĿͨͼǽɫ˸ٶȿ쵽˼£ӣö˲עӣ
ÿ£һѩ򣬾£Ҷ缱æתߣµؿڣһпܳȥʱ롣
һСʱҶѩϵĽֲŽʧãȻĸоȥɻĿͨͼط˼£ƺеȤӵˡ
СѩղŶЩʲôҶ֣ͨͼպãʵ
Ŷ˺öö಻ʶ֣ǾһҵԺɰɰģҪץסǣǷɵ̫ˣҸץסҶѩһź
仰ҶҶĺƺѾĳһ
ѩúû£ЩдǶԸҪŶҶҶѩ˷Щּпܾǽ⿪ͨͼܡ
Ŷֽ֮ϣҶѩűһһӵЩ򽻭ÿһֽ֣ϽţҺֽֽͨţһʣԱ÷顣
ȻŰֽϵһ֣ҶĿ⽥ڵľԪȻȻת֪ʶٴθУ֣侹ȻͨͼϵݱһĹ
ʶӿŭ죬ֵĺĺ죬ٶתһȦһȦһâ
ǡѵٶʵ壿ҶһٶϣȻֱһ˵
Žֵ࣬ٶ֮Ͻâ˸ɫĻԽԽȣһͨͼϵһڷٶٶתûУ
ܵܣ㡭ˣҶЩԼ۾֮һ˿˷ܣܵҶľǿ
ˢ
ʶſҶ˵һһȫӳԺһ˿˿ʶǵĸ䣬˾ȵǣҶʶȻ˴ǣ
ܾ
ͨͼϣֳ֣â£ʶأȻֻʮ֮һ࣬Լ磡
ͨͼϵĽֺݽϵһչֳİ壬ܾʶı󹦷ֻһͨͼֻܾõһС֣ܹͨͼаգ۷֮·
ҶһĨߣҶѩͷʾл˵ţһƬá
̫ˣ˵½һһͨͼܹõܵΪһͻͽҶ˷ܵ
ҶҲЦˣҶ뵽һȥˣ½ﻹһͨͼҲ½ХȢҶϵԵʡ
ʱ½ٱʯʨŸһ½ȴûһ㶯ƺλһ㡣
ҲΪλԲãɽǿߵԵʣû˸ʱ򣬴Ҷҵùͷ
ʱĸ˳ԷҶҶһۣղĵͷĸǰǲ̸κΣյ顣
λʦסļգ½Ǳ߷ƽ˾Ҳһ㷱֡ҶʵڼˣϾĹ򣬽λʦָ⼸ҶԸͨطʩչļ˺ܴͨʩչҲԽ
һɫڣҶҶǱۡûҹɫ֮С
½ҵĲؾͬΪ㣬½½أͨͼڵؾ֮УҶţ;˲½ǿߣŲؾ˹
Ȼһؾ˲䣬Ҷɫһ䣬ؾھȻɿµϢһҶ֪½Ϣһ֣һϬ֯ĸоһűµҪ۶ȥ
ϢǡɽԺֱһһĻѪҶ䣡
һ˿ŭ˸ͷ˼ۺ죬ȻȷǷɱ֮ˣȷǿߣȻǺɽĵӣΪǿ󣬾֮ͨ
˭ʱԺдһͺȣҶһеЩϤ
ȱӣҶ㴫ͷԷһ㶣ӰֳȻºͺӲ
ϴû뵽ҲеǱʰףͷλɩӣӲҶ㣬ʱ˷
ȥҽ㡣ҵͷǺǣ˵ȥ˵Ҷûĵ˫һӵҶȷ½ҺͺɽߣҺɽһҫӵǿߣͼıһ¡
Ҷһʱ󾪣˼һתȷ±Ȼͨͼйأ
ӵĿҫϵһľ괺Уűʵ;ǰһɲݷ棬һ꣬ɲ³һ㣡
УһΪһƺðôķգҶ㲻мЦȻǺıĿꡣ
ӲЩЦٺ٣֪סϴ󣬲ǺװһɲݣΪػ۷ĹЧʥҩе˼Ʒ½ҿǼ£ǴԼȥûɲúɽҲŷһ
ɲݣ
Ҷ͵һ飬ܹɲݣص꣬û⣡ǣ½־ǿߣΪͷĴڣȻͨͼܽôһɲݣֵ˼ˡ
ǿ½ΪΣ
ǿǽһۣȫ֣꣡صͷȻ뵽˵½ֵһĻ񱮶Ķ֣ΪѾǷ켫
ôǿҪɲкãӣβҲǴ㲫һ̬ҲӦ֪½Ѿ;ƿݣ˵պ󣬱֮գ˾Ÿ£ȻúúõģͻȻɲȼƷʥҩ
Ҷ쿪ڣʶ˵Ժ
пܴΪǿΪǽһͨλߣٺ٣Ҿ֪뵽ЩЩεЦ
ҵĿĲҫӣ˵Ǽ£ҫӺйڣţӦ˵ɽйڣ˽շɣҶһ£˵
£ѵ֪Ӳͷһ£ûɲݽһλᣬ֪¸Ƕôֲ
ҶĶͷѾϰΪˣΪҶǴƻ񣬴ǻɶ¶ҪɱɽļһҲֲ֡
ͨͼ
УͬʱһǴ˵еĴڣȻĳˣҽǰ
ҶСӣǺΣΪҲѣΣҲĬһ֣ʤ¶̵ıʣҲһ
ҽͨλߣǿߣ½콵ǣΪҪǺҶЦ
ϴܲҰӿɴӦҸƬɲݵҶˣҪϴңҶҲҪˣȫ㣬ֻҪͨͼٺ٣ҲμӾУȻ۵ΪУҵסһЩ֮ͨµǿߣҲû⣡Ӳ󵹸ֺ꣬õЦ
³Ĭܳʱ䣬ʵа취⿪ͨͼеܣ
ѾһͨͼѾ⿪Բض룡ֻҪҵͨͼһж⣡ҶʮаյЦ
ҧҧͷãǣҪƬҶӣ
УһƬ
Ƭۣ
ٶ˵һ䣬һƬ
ðɣ´ͷɥĵͨͼȣǻɲԵ̫΢ʥҩֻʥҩֲǿΪҪҲա
͵ĳһţݺݵڲؾ֮ϣһݣҪʧҹɫ֮У
ˣ̸½ҫͬʱһ͵ؼ۶ȥΪǸܵһɼΪΣյϢ
ű𻵵Ĳؾһ㣬˶һ
һǵϣ㲻Ҳˣ
˵ΪȻͨ죿˶һۣ¶֮ɫΪǸоǹϢҪؾ
ֶһ֣ͬնɱⲣǵĴ¼пع⣡½аŭʱΪͨ죬ΪڣСôܵǰɪ
½ϣΪ黯ԼСһش˵أһԷͬ飬񲻵òʧҫЦһڵ
½иŭʱƲˣõ½Ȼǿߣһͨë



һپʮ һѶ
½ҲؾΪܣ⿴Ϣλͨǿߣǿˣɼ½ҵĵ̺ǿ
㣬λ߽㣬ʣµɲݱضҫӵϣǵĶҪ죬ȵõͨͼ˵
ͨͼһڵؾڲͨͼʢװأûܵ˹ʴؾڲĴ󣬳Ǿͷ׽Ƶÿ
ο½캦ᣬ²ƣͻƣ
ҶʶɨΧλǿߣǿǞ죬ؾһ㱻٣½ǿ߾𶯣ͬʱӵ洫ػؾԷ˻ˮ㡣
ģǼһȻǿ󣬵սδ㣬аնʱڿǣҲڶͨͼʱ򣬶һʤ㣡ҶŵĵͷҶһһңؾƶ
ߺˣҴ½Ҳؾ󣡡һ̣ؾͻȻһȣҶҶͬʱһ
½Ϊ˱˵ɽʴ˿Ϊľ֮һǿ֮ڣȻ
ôˣƴˣ
һ죬Ӱ߿ؾĴţʱǰһĻˣ
׳۰ҵ˸öãڽյؾɲǣҶգ˸Сǣ۵һƬΰĽȺΡʾ޴׳۵ĸ¥˷۴αȡ
ƣâ貣ӯҩ˱ǣȻͯһĴڣ滨ҩ涷ޣ޷輲ڲԭ֮ϣӯĿ
ҿ½ҵݳްǸϲȻԼӹ̲ؾû뵽ϼһôҲ֪Щռ˶ĵرҶ棬ؾһµ磬½λǿߵ磡
̫׳ˣȻȼôôĻݲݣһָԭ֮һˣħһһľ
ʵϣĵرҶҶǱȻ½ﶼǲݣЩħµĺô˵ô򲻴ԲҪͱˡ
ǰں½ҵȫۣ½ϹҲһĬĬŵļ尡ǻĳֹϵĴУ
ҶǰһʼŸ⣬Цš
ϧ½ҵĵ˷Ҳ֪Ǹϲ˷˶ʥҩ̫˷ˣҶ̾ϢһƺĶΪˡ
󵨣ǾȻҴҵؾ󣬵ʱ߸־Ӱǿһλͨǿߡ
һ˷ôĵر˼УҶЦʶһΣСĪɺ࣬ʱĪɺѾ죬ұħ壬Կһλǿߣûκѹ
ոȥӣѹľݣٺ޻ħݣϽı̫ʢ˰ɣҿȻȲϱģҲһϲ̫ˣҶЦˣ
ôĵرȻҶ㣬ҲˣֺȻļ
СŲݵ滨ݣſˮŲע⣬ץһЩҩԵòֺ
ߣҶ㣬Ҷ磬֪ǣΪץ½һɱ˼񾳵ļһΪ޵Ҹ㣬ǽͨͼ֮УǻմմϲΪɱŰɣϾץǸؾļһǶк³ģҿҷ£Щ½ҵı½ͷΪ½УҲǴ½ǿߡ
ȿȣСǲԵΡСˮĴ۾¶ί֮ɫҶһ仰˷ܵȻ½ȴѪ
ôܳݣֲݸֲǵۣôĵرǲҲ˷ѣ
㣬ѾܵͨͼڣԿһʵˣĵر֮ȫڣٴ磬ΣҶЦˣƺٶͻƵϣ
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ҿǲʶģھ͹ڵģǵūһܣҶȣһץħֻžʶȻɱȥ
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ͣͣ
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ߣǿλߵļһҲǰҲãھ֪ҶһĴۣҶһš
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ǱǞߣΪҩ˾磬ǲûԼ磬ҶǰţĶ֣
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Ҷ㣬Ҷ㡭СҡצӣѼöĹӶҶ˷ܵͷҲƴǣԵ
Īɺħ壬ץסһߣһ˽ȥȻҪ죡
ݵĪҶˣ趯ȻڳķҶſ类񾳵ǿ߱ѹġ
Ҷ㣬ʶĿǣҪˣٲǣ㽫ڽӣ
Ҷ㣬½ҺҶһ򽻺ãֻ֪һᣬϷǣ¾͵˽ɸΪ񲯣ⲻϣ𣡡
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½ͨǿ߸ǲѪڸķҶˣҶûһϥڵϣҶһ磡
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ֻȴûһ˿ʯӲݹ޹⣬ûκһƬưܵľ󣬺ʼһǧƽγĶԱȡ
ЩһʱܹģҪʱһʹǳ׳ΪһֲС
ʱԭ뵵磬ûռؽ缱ţһжҶΪ
㣬ӰѾһ֮Ҫʮ죡ҶзųһĨ⣬˳ӯһڴˣܵ弶
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½ҾŴǿ߾һΪǵľԪҲڼȥ
ҵ죬һ̫ˣڴˣҲδѹס½пˣһΣԵһ̸·Բ̬Կ
ˣˣ½ҵĸˣǻڻҲһˡ½һλͨǿ½ԵǴ˿̵ľȫ䣬˵ֿˣܷ֪
ҳ壡壡ʮ죬Ѿһ˿ټҪؼȫҳ㻯Ҳ룡Ҫʮ죡Ҷ͵վ쳤Х˲һٶȸһ࣡
һѵľ֮ϷҶ͵һ̧֣һ䣬һĺջǱҶ
½ҾŴǿߣаԵ˿ȫΪ˼вͣʱķա
㣬˾ɣҶһ̧һָŴǿ͵طɫһңͬʱһѪ
飡飡飡
ǵ忪ʼѣΪļ峹ױ飬һڣ
˵СӣȻҪҵ磡ҵ½ɫһ䣬ŭӿһѪؾλħľǿߵ磬淢һУӦ
ס֣ҵһ̣½챩ŭ׺ȻҶץԪٳ֮Уɱȥ
Ҷ¶һĨЦ飬ѣӿڣʱһֺĴ˵ǰһصϢҶе
ңңǵ죬ҴԶŴУʶľͿǣǱضԶŴд֮У½пƺץһݡ
Ȼˣ½һϵĴСҶ羹Ȼûһ˿η壬쳣˷ܣΪϹţ֮Ҫڿֲö࣬һܹõԶŷܹ֮ͨ
һţԭǰֹܵԣȻһŭݲŴУһɫļӡ֮ϣ֮ըѣ
ͨͼҲ棡ףֲôȴûɱҵȣԭдѹͨͼøʱҶ˷ܵ
ϹŴаϹŴаֻҪ̵ܹһָܻ۷״̬Ϊ֮ħ˷ܵҺ



һپʮ Ѫ
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Ǽ̨ԶŴеļ̨Ȼȱģ죬½ҵҪͼıʲôҶ羪ڡ
һ̣ԶŴеȫò˵ǰ֮ˣ޲ֻ֮̾⴫ȴһ̵ϱڣܹͨ
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ࡢâƼ̨֮ϣص֯ϣâ⽻ӳ˸Ӿȵǣ̨֮ϾȻһӰ
໡ҿ⴫вм̨ддҵ죬ֻϹżˣҴûмĴУҪȫˣ¸¸£仹˭ҵĶ֣ħ
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ֻһһӰ֣½쳤Цƺһ˿ıóѵ˼
ϵĴУ½죬ˣҪǵ׼Ҷɫ䣬ԶŴؽ½Ѫȷ磬ȻһжҪ׼ʻȥ׼
ҫɫ˲䣬岻ɵĵһһ׼ûӵˡ
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½һЦϹŴаգʵԴϹŴУ
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ֻǼ̨֮һĨϤӰ½ѩ
Ƕڼ̨֮ϵķ绪Ů½ѩȻҶ㲻ΪܰȻڼ̨֮ϣҲܲ³֡
½죬ҿͻˣȻԼ⣡
½Ǵ½ѩ֮Ůݣʱ̳й֮ʱ˫޴ʮ
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ڽԻȻ½δļǿһȣû뵽½ѩҶ㾹Ȼһϵ
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Ҷһָһâµѹɽһѹ޿ɵҫѪʧѹͨ
ҶʩչĴѹͨҪҶ̫࣬һָͬΪ֮ͨҫӾͳܲס
ͨ
𣬱Ҹڵϵҫңһ̣ŷֵ֮Ҷһָܲס
ãҶץסУһȵҩ㴫ɫҶӾӨ͸˸һɫĹ㣬Ǵ˵еĻɲݣ
Сӣǻɲҵģû½ɫһ䣬ɲݿҪѹԪģû뵽ҶСӶߣ
ˣҶ̧һƣ½쿿ҶĻᣬɲڣҶܵԼľš
һ꣡
꣡
꣡

˰꣡
Ԫԭݽߵٴαһ̣Ҷݹһ˷֮ɫԪݽߵŸһļ⣡
̫ˣ㣬ҵԪѾָ˻ᣬƴУΪУҶоâţԪ֮ӷһս֮һһͨͼУ
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Σڶƣƣƣ֮䣬ܾͨͼ֮ϹâһµĹɰӣɱȥ
飡
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յĴоȻҳһ½ɫ䣬Ҫֹ
ߣҶסҶ֣ͬʱĳһƣ½Ʒɳȥ
໣ûᰡĺûᰡҪ봫ˣħҪػ۷ˣ໡
óԵģóԵģöóԵŶ
ϴ׼û½ͷ湻˼Ȼôľ͸ǣģǳһúñģ
⼸Ұͱĵ죬η壬ҶһȣһһԵĳ봫֮У
ĿɿڴǣҶ㾹Ȼһͨͼ봫֮С
ҶСҵĳɹһҪɱ㣡
½ֹ͵һѪŭ֮Եڵأʡ£֪λǿʲô



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Ҷüͷĸܵص壬һ˸ʥĹâϵصķġ
þԪҪǿ̫࣬ħɵ໡ħҺֻ֧ŴתԪںδǻûҵ
̤ڹϵĴ֮ϣɣĪӿҶĿһ˲˲ĶŴϵķģеһ˿죡
СӣǸСƨ¾Ȼͨͼһ㶣Щ𾪵ĵ
ҶĿתƵ½ѩƨ£ȻһģĹӲӣΡƾȻڼ̨֮£
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Ҳ½ѩ״ֹۡ
ǺãҾͨͼҶ͵һ̧֣ͨͼϵĹ֣ܾ֮䣬ȻһŹâ
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һ̣½ѩĽȻţɨҶ㣬ʵ֮
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½ѩ˵Ψһо
ߣ㾭½ʶҹ½ѩԹ޷Ҳ޷ޣ֮ǣҲĿ½ѩһɱ˻
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ҪҵĴ𣿺½һĻɫϧǶ̫СˣȻܹͻݹ࣬޿ɵ½죬ڳˣĵʯ
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Ҿ½ѩ½ѩңת֮壬ôûйϵ㣬Ȼҵ֮Ҫɱ㣡
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Ҷһ㶣ϲ˫ͬ壡½ѩû
ҲҪںϣҪԼҪɱһȡҪɱҶ㻹Ϥ½ѩ
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Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣡ɱɱңɱңҲҪҪԼһǻΪһƬ޺Ҷ㣬Ѿ;ƿˣ㲻ҲѾˣϧҵ̫ˣܺԿѽʱˣ㣬ɱңɱҡ졭
½ѩԽԽһŹâ֣ƺƿȨ
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ԽԽֱ
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ˢ
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Ȼһ̨̣Ϲâţɬķͬ򽣬һԵĹ̨֮ϡ
ҪҲҸոոµȥɣҲҪ½ѩһ־壬еĿ£֪Ϊ̣һûκ·
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飡
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½ѩ㲻Ҫұ
ʶɢˣ¶һĨЦݣƺǽѣһŻɵĹűܿ˷ģͨͼ֮ڣ



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ŷţҶ㶨վԭأ˺ܾãͻȻЦˣһЦ±ѾõĽͷſ
һ֣ľ괺չǰٷŴ½ѩʬʢУҶ૵˾ϢɣһΪ̨Ϊ㻹
ƺһڷſˣ½ѩҶ㡭
²˳٣俪̨Ҷǰ̤۽һ֮ǰҪٱûͨͼѹƣࡢɫĹâţռ俪ʼҡΡ
ЩķڿռҶĽŲͻȻͣ£ͷţ㲻ͣһɲһͻȻ飬һӲӵĹҶ
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һģģġֱߵı飬ɲǣҶе翪ʼҲϢðޱ߿ֲ쫷Ȼɱ˹洫нҽ˻֮
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УбԼȥ
꣡꣡
и˿˿ѺۣµȫٶգۺĶŷٶֻСûûεſڷٶ˯úӲ㱩һ١
ƨȥȥǴоһǴȥҶһѽٶУԴױҶҲ벻ˡ
ãдˣߣҶһɫһ䣬û˸¿Ц˱ضĳλͷֵܹ˵ģ
Сһˣ˯ҶСһơ
кóԵģʲôóԵģҪԣС͵ص˯ۣʵŪҶһƸɵĳ嶯Ȼ˾ȵǣСȻڶ̶̼Сʱ֮ڣٴͻƣһһ죡
ҵ죬С˭תôôֲӲȤ
׼ССһŭ̧һȭѺӲɳȥ
ͨͼһҶܵǿµϢҲּ죬죬ҫ۵Ĺâʹ˲ϵơ
ҿҶС׬ˣǿأҵķӱλᣬ룬ȴû뵽ȫҶˡ
죬Ͼͻд֣ٲ湻ˣôĴпǵòˣҶЩ̾ϢŪ˶ۣѾ̫̰ˡ
бȫڳޱߵ
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ˣƿն֣ĿǴС
ܣҶ׹ǣԱѪҶԼͨͼڣ˾ʶ֮Уͨͼס۶ȥ
һصϢһŹâȻ£ƺѾҶ˵Ӱ
㣬ߣȥλʦͨͼģҶһѪͨͼϹâţһȱĹ״ǽâȻը顣
ҶĿһۣ͵ط˳ȥҶ򣬰ѷٶͷųеϢеıԴ֮Ȼ
ףλһȻһͣҶڣҪ۳ȥΡͨͼǰ飬µıըҵһƺҪҶ飡
˿̵ҶѪһ̣ڿֻ֣һӰҶ㣬Ȼսǿھͷݣһͻ飡
Ҷ㲻ϣһֻ϶㲻ϣ
ǿ̫ǿˣҲҪǿվ۷ϣΪϣҵĽ£Ҷ߬ȭͷ㱻ͷɱеΨвʣһҪǿģ
飡飡飡飡
ڰ캣˳֣Ȼͨ;ͷ̫࣬ǱϾǰϾֻǾͷһֻõĴ֣οҲûֻ֣ǽҶ㡣
ǰ飬Ҳãɽӵܣɱ֣캣Ȩ֮󿪿ڣоҶƴ
Ȼ˭벻ǣҶ㾹ȻǾͷ϶һ˿ͷ֮һĨϢ֪ǾͷԥɱҶʵ̫ˡ
ãɽ
쳹һ죬ƿնˣ׷ѪеҶʹȥǿǰ̫С
˰գҶתܵԼĵھԪݽߣ֪Ѷٸͷһ𣬾ͲҪС
˴ʵ̫࣬˵ǴУǾͷһŭ˿ͷ֮úܾãླĳ嶯
½һǿ߾䣬½ǱߵѪΪ󽵣Ϊһ񾳵ߣԪ޶࣬ʱĿܣ½Ҽ½Хһս֮󣬱ʧӰ٣½ڼǳӴ֮󣬼ֻʣҶң¼ңż壬ҶȾӵһ
գҶüͷҶׯ԰ƺǾͷ֮
ˣҶɫһϲüŨŨĳȴĨȥ±𶯣ǱãɽͷûˣȻδ˼ľԪҲݽˣձָܻˡ
ĸأôûﰡҶеһ˿Ѱÿĸ׶ߣǽȴûС
ûûʲô㻹ϢɣҶһɫ۽־Ө顣
Ҷһץסļʵ㣬ôˣĸ׷ʲô£
ĸȥˡʦ˵ĸ׻ˣӶû֪ˣܵܣءĸҲҪˣϾʣˡҶҶĻ̲סʲôĸҪˣҶסˣỬӣɥ˵СĸףΪȴجģĸ׾Ȼֲס
Ҷ϶ĻУҶ֪ҶϵǧĿˮ壬ҲǾ޷һʮ꣡
ΪҶΪ赼뾡һа취ΪʹĸЩǿֻ֧Ҫ󱯴ϲܹǿȥ
һ̣ҶȻѣһĸԭ򣬾ȻΪʣ֮󣬱ʹ䣡
û뵽ҶΪߵ˸ıˣĸһԾѲĽ֣ǵѪƹⵤҲı䲻־壡
ҶǷϵڴϣʧǣ૵ҾΣɸı䲻ĸ׵ˡһŻʲôã
ܵܣҪҪô˵㻹нˣýôҶ籧סҶ㣬ɵ¡
λʦأô˵ѵûҽεķ𣿵길׵ʲôֶΪĸٵģ˺һᣬҶھ
Ҳ֪ʦѾɽˣȥ⹫ȥˣպܻҶйâ˸ϣδ⹫ϡ
ˮ壬ǲܰȫϣ⹫ϣȥĸףȥؾߣûĬһᣬҶ㷭´Ѿʶڵļ˷ų
£֪ٵİ취𣿡Ҷһ£֪򵥣רռⷽһо
ֺ֮ʣ޽⣡ע˭Ҳ޷ģ˵ʥҩҵ֮٣նʮࡣ
Ψ·ܣ
Ҳȫ·޾֮·ֻ·㣬Ȼ֪ǵĸúֶΪĸ٣Ҹұ֤ǵĸһնΪΪܾˣҪնΪҲˡӳĬãڿڵ
ﵹһ취ǿȥԣѰ⼸ҩҵѪƹⵤҲʱס
ҶǰһζҩҺˣѪƹⵤϣֻ¼˵ǧҪĸ׳ԣԵþԪڣľ
ãлٱҶҲϻҶֱӾߣ˵ķȻĸоֻûת
գϻɫÿü䣬˵ѻȥֻȴһ취Ǭɶ֮أһΪϸ֮ģֻҪõϸ֮ģҩлȥ
ĸѾϳãɽҲ޷ΪѰңֻҶǰһѰϸ֮ģԳɽΪŮ
ֻ֮أ֪־ͷڣҲ޷֪ȻЩѣֻҪĸҶȻͷӦ
ףһΪûϸ֮ģ㲻˵صãɽü𣬶һΪڶ峿Ҷڴǰ³ŵ뿪ǣȥѰϸ֮ġ



һپʮ Ŀ֮꣬·
ģֻһ˵еĴڣȷλãǬ½Ŵޣⶫ˵ںηһнԿԵ
аĴаټϹ֤кѣշпܣƫƫһϹϰӣϻ쵰ˣ·ϣºͺӲԹţҲ֪Ƕߴеļһ˶ٱˡ
ҶһһޣӲԻҶ㣬ȥѰϸ֮ģҶ֪һ˳ڴ򶫻ĵ⡣
ŶԳأһƬһλ֮Ǵµĺۼ˵Ѱģֱƿշ
Īɺ·һԣΪһͨͼĶ࣬ʱڽͼٽһСĵļһˣһ쵽˳Ծ˯Ψһ˾ȵǣÿ˯ѣᷭ츲صı仯
Ҷ粢ûǰΪĸ׻Ҫչˣ캣ΪҪ޷ǰɽλҶңչҶĸûٸҴҶҵ⣬ҲΪҶȥ֮ǡ
ιҶСӣǶ֮·ںηҲǰ취üͷԤУ֮·ͽǰȴ޷֡
Ѿ˽£ȴû˿֣ʱѾ߳ڣ۹
Ҳ֪ǧ֮ǰ֮·置ֹҲǴȥ置̽̽ʲôջ񡣡ҶЦ˵ʮֽĸ׻аûʱȥ
置置Ǻõط֮·˵Ծ置ӲǰһϽ
У֮·Ʈ޶ͣĳأֵĸо֮·ƺҵߣôҲץҲָ֪оǲġмңڹĹıأᵽֵıǳĵ漰ֻһ˵ʵûףҶ㵹ôš
ȥ置002ںˣϾǱˡҶ̾Ϣһ˵ٶȼӿ죬ǰ置
ˣ置ǽɣ˫սֹ꣬˫ԷأԵҶնɱ½Ʋ˼ɡ
ȻһҶ㣬֪置ǸֵĴڣǵĹȸָһƳ֣ǾڶԷܶ࣬ɱȻ置ĴڣλߣҪ置ݴҲ置ȵ֮أҺ˶Կԭ
պҶһ˽置߾װɺͣͣҲǾ޶Ϊң֮£ε
ںεأ置Ҳ᳨ţӭЩΪҵĺǽ롣
ûκֱͣǧ֮ǰ֮·ĵطһͨСǣȺ˵ĳһ٣ҲΪǧǰ֮·ٵԭʹͨСǽǵҰ
ףϢôϤҶüͷСǵ˲䣬͸еһ˿ͬѰʼΪ֮·ٵԭ򣬿ڸܵ˿Ϣ֮Ҷ㷢СǾԲ򵥣װߣпµĹʦ
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Ϣһ쳹Ҷͷ֮УɫԽԽѿʮ꣬置һͳ㶦ƽٰʮһ꣬йʦһٽˣսʼ
ţڲѣұ⻼֮£˽壬置ǿռ˸أʾˣʵռأسǣڣɽΪţѾ硣
ҲǴ½սĸԴʱ֣Ǭ½ҲսⳡսǿߣҴսܾãҶҲ֪׺ʱֻܽһ֮ʱսݱûһֹͣϢ
ӣһꣿ
ʮһ갡ôˣ
ҶסˣȻıʷ㼣ʷȻǰ꣬飬Ҳǰ꣬û뵽½սϾҪ٣
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㰲οԼƾŴʱʵһս˵ˣԼҲһҴ
ӿΪλߣֻλߣлڴս̵㹻ĺôβҪõϸ֮ģҪȡ붫ģ׷ܵż֤Ҷᶨ
Ҷ㣬ҶˡСҶ½۰Ͱ͵ž¥ŴҶ˼·ž¥Ҷʳ󶯡
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置嵽ʲôϷѵĴڶ֮·˵置һʥ˵ʥӵһ𣬾һӲӵֱת˴κҶѰҶ֮·Ǵͻƴʱ硣
ȿȣͲҪˣʥΪһ壬ڽɲǣͻط˭Ҳ޷Ҵ棬֮·мֿܣ˵ӿҷ̽飬˼˿̵ƽǱٵǰסҶЦѰҶ֮·֮أܹûһʣҶ㵱Ȼֵȥ
УйǲҪҪҪıˣȻΣգҲʧΪһκûᡣµͷʥ˫ð⣬Ҫ֪һ߽һĴڣ
飡
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һŮվ¶һĨη壬ȻͦظѵϷļ˴򷭣ȻҶ㿴ŮɲǣĿסˣ
Ůýĺ˿ɢڱ󣬾µ޿޵գ߿ἵŮӵ˫鶯۾Ƥգţһɰľ顣
ҶȣһĨȴһ˿鶯Ϲȣһ˿߹󣬶ȻǸ߸ϵ֬ѩȣ˲ʳ˼̻𣬶۰˭ֻҪһۣ᲻ɵ֮
ȻڼŮ˲䣬ȴҶңһҶҳߵĵ꣬һżȻ̽УһŮ裬ʣڼĵһۣҶҲһ飬ûС
ʱҶԼǸ֮ˣаһҲᲽĸ׽ĺ󳾣Ƿݰŵĵס
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衭Ҷһ䣬ŮһĶ裬Ǹ˶ⶵ衣
Ů˲ǼƷС椣ʶľ־ܣ˵ܴ󷢴ȱ֮Ϊ㣡
ˣһͨˣ֮񣬽üĿǴһĨаȵЦݣһḡĸо
ϵƣλߵױȣվλǿߣƣˡ
λӣδ̫˰ɣȻһûǹӣΪλҪΪңƢ֮ġ
裿谡ǲ֡ôأֻǸоȽͶԵСһԶٷѵҲҪܾ𣿡ӲŪָ͵ǰһǿ֮£ɫһף
ͶԵƨҪռ˼ұ˲棡
Ҷͫһɱϵ˫Ĺӣ۹̫ӣʣҲһ֮ˡ
ʷȫ𣿻ʵһμҲ֪ܣһʻǰûм棬޸۹̫ӣΪʦһļϣԣôôǵһμǿ߰ôֻʮ
Ҷͷɻ󣬲Ѿ׼ʱ֣ŮˣӣҲ
ߡһתߣǿתۼסΣһЦС㣬ȻҼ룬ҲңɲҪƲԳԷơ
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ððҶȥѵǰ֧ŶСһץżᣬֻżȣΨ²ҵ
ȻʱǿѾ֣ƺǿ裬֮¥ҡҡ׹ʱѾ۾
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Ϊѵȴɫһϲ֪Լܱˣ
󵨣Ǻ˾ֱ̫ӵµ䣡һϵһɫµӿڣаҶɱ֮ƣ
Ǵð֣СУǿҶһȫǺʹ磬ǴȥммģЩܴĴͷˢȥνĳʵ϶һȺûõķǿߣƨǣ
ԭǼרϲ򱧲ƽĺͰ̫ӵǰһֻ϶磬̧־ѹ㣬ʶģǿŰܵģ
˶̫ӵµ壬ںͲмһˣ˿̿ӿȻҪ顣
зŹâһ˲˲ĶҶ㣬¶һĨ޵ļѾһ޵Ϊͨͨʮ
⻰ɫҲȥһҶ㼸ˣЩлȣʵ̫ǿ뼸λ߰ɣĪҪΪ
ģȴΪ룬ĻҶЦˣЦúܲãʵϣʮҶһֱĸײһֱͷȻգ֮ʱĵЦˡ
ûͣɣѵ㻹ۿС椺̫ӵȵĳɫµлǣȿڵ
С椻ȼ֪̫֮ӵӢ˫Ѿ֮ˣηЦ޲׷ʡ
޳ܣǺ߷ߵҾҲǵóѵģ
⻰ҶҲüͷ£ӲĪɺ²ؼ߸߹еĺȲ裬Ǿһ
蹷ҷ͡
Ҷģȴ¥˵ĺһϣʰ˲࣬аĴɱꡱһ÷飬֮״֪
ž
͵վŭ֣㾹£Ҫͷι



һپʮ 
߹ûʣȻϲ˵ͷҾͳȫȥͷûͷζҶЦˣӼλ۹̫ӵĵһۣͿóʲ֣׼ȷ˵ǲֵõ֡
֣ǿȥȵ
ǿ߳Цһ£͵ػתҶȥһģеλӣ㲻ǵĶ֣߰ɣ
Ȼ𾪵һĻˣҶȣ͵ۿٶȳɳȥٶȿ쵽˼£ǻǸûзӦȻҶѾվǰ
㡭δ˵꣬һгҶУ͵ǰһУ˶ʼδ̫Ǿ˵ˣڿһĻڵϣȫŻ۹̫ӣȻŵŻ²ֹ
Ҷе˻ǵһʣѪѪŽһɲ˵ɫòҰף׷ȥ
ءҪ˵ȴֻܷص˭û뵽Ǹ㡱֣Ȼǻǣλ۹ĻƼүһ벻ǣӢߴֶ꣬˺ֱ̧ͷȴˣ⻰ǻ͸Ҷġ
ôҰסĳ죬ʲôлҰҶЦŵһɶλƼүĿɲ̧һţλȥͷĻƼү߳Զξ顣
һϵжڵʯ֮䣬Ҫȥ£Ҳܣʱ¥üžޱȡ
㣬㣬㾹ҸȥƼүͷ֪ʲô𣿻Ƽҿһ壬ܹģηĵȻΪһ𣬲һ˿ݡ
Ƽңƨٸ˵һ֣ͷҲһҶɨηʱһսűиͷϽ첻֨
㡭һΪ۷壬ֻһǞ񾳣ڳ֮ˣΪߣ
飡

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裬û°ɣҶǰ
㡭ɫҰףҶ߹һ£ҪˣƺҶ㵱ɱħˡ
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˵ţӯӯһ򸣡
㣬֮ͽŪôĵ飡ģǣһΪͷģŻһᵽͷλ̫ӵ±Ż¸ͣ
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ǵȻ缸ھͰ£ĥǽСƤ̫ӵһ͵棬СƤ·
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ӡ֮ƣһ˿ģϾǿͬʱ֣ɲʮֵܹסġ
費õģ˺󣬿νѵ쵰Ҷһ磬ƳԶżأڿն
ˣҪһңھǣǵĹۣʶʶʲôŽʵǵ±ֻأۿ˵ͣ
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䣡
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ҽ֮ʣƣƽƣȻǵȴһѣһ쫷磡
һȻ֮ɫʩչѧͼƷ磬ȥȻƷ磬ƾʵ̫£ϻͨ壬ֵܹ˵ģ
ǰһﵽʲô̥оȻȴڣҲǸԺ֮
԰еǿ߿һƾģôûôĴڣ᲻ĳǿߣݵĺͣ
ˣ置Զ˲෹ϣǳǿߣǶϲ̽һҲԺ˴֤ݡ
УļҵǿԸݺֳֺõĲ£ҿ˰˳ĳλĵӣˣ

飡飡飡
Ӧ׹أѪǼ򵥵һʵ̫һƾȻݺݵĺС֮ϣ˲飡
ưŵڵϴŹʹѪγһƬѪ津Ŀġ
ȻһȥҵΪˣ飬ԪնϣֿԷļһڶδ
ҿͨͦãʡŶҪðˣҶЦȻ˾̾Щһû֣ĵ˰ΪҲ˿ʣ
Ҹƴˣ֮һ͵ҧֳһڱҪɱȴҶһ߷ڲϣͻأڴˡ
ʱ˷ܵ޹ҶˣϿǿߵĵ飬ʵϣһƾǴͨеľԪӿԴڣһεԴˮʹҶһķƣϲѡ
ȻȥǵΪǿǿ߰ѡǿʿңȴû뵽һۣȫ䣡̫ӵ¶ʱңڵϣֲһ㡣
ֻʮôܡ
ǿأǿ־֮ɫնȥΪȣͷԵʵ̫ˣͷûˣˣһӾ군ˣɱܣ
ҲɴƺǰһжģԼ֮󣬷ԼûΣȻЩ⵽Ӧ˷ܣһĨ̡
Ҳ֪ҶΪ˾£ûйҶ㡣
̫ӵ£Ƿʢ˰ɣҶǰ˼ʵΪ죬ҲĴڣҶȴһ㣬ɱһֻϻס
ǣջɻиµĴڣҶ㲻ʵӣƺ֪



һپʮ ֮ϲ
㲻ҪҪʲôҶ㣡㲻Ҫһ̣λ۹̫ӵ£ȻۣģòԶһ䷿¶һĨɫ
ߣǵ㶫ٻϡҹɣҶһͳߣ˽Уգۼ䣬ʧȥӰ
ۡ߳ԶҶͻȻڵأһѪöֶΣҵʶ
ôˣһţæסҶ㡣
Ҷ㡭СҶżܹºӲ˽Ҷ߳¥֮Ҳų
λҵĴһλͷһͲҵʶСǽһҿջס£Ҷſڵ
Һܾض
һҶʶǺεȿֲĴڣ
ͷһգһھͷ֮ϣңңΪɣضʮٱĻҶȭͷ˾
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⼸ǵСЩҲݵġ
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裬ҽҶ㣬Ҳǵ˲ҵıԴҶЦ֮ڿջڰҶΪ˷ܲѣĵҹȥϢ
ӵܾҶ㣬ƻ͸ԭˣûȥϢ߳ջӰڰ֮УԤУСǲΪȨϲӿпܻᷢ벻顣
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ڳŶȥʱҶ˫鶯ͻȻ֮ĿһȻλǿΧһŮŮɴ棬գӼ˵ĶԻ֮УҶ¶һĨЦ
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ʲôĥ˴ܣҶ㵹һ仨Ϣʵֲ̫֮·Ȼĺɽ֮Уҵ֮·ȴ˶ģϢ˾ˣĥܵĺɽǶôµĴڡ



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ȻҶУݺݵĳԶǿеķŭȥùž޲Ǳǰƽž޴籩
㱾һĴڣնɱ㣬Ҳûκγɾ͸УߣȰһ䣬±Ͷ̥ǧΪһŮҳͷûʵ
ЦţҶ˹ȥҪ˽
ƾʵʵҶսûһ˿Ψ·һҴ˿̣ҶһȼԪڳȻѾϳԪľûκηĻᡣ
ȻҲԴУڵȣһһɱĻᣡ
һ̣üӿܾȻתٶУ䵽ʶڣӿʶޱȿµ
貣һĿĹֱһɫУƺҪնѵأ
ܾҶﵽ˲˼ĵزޱȣܹγһУֵ꣡
һɲ͵رסԴʹޱȣ췴ڵأ
ǿʶһʩչش֣
ûᣡɱҶûκγɣ῰ǧѷ꣬ԪӿͨУһȭɱ
飡
һֻȭݺݵ񴺵Դϣһ񴺵ıϣۿƣѪʶ򼸺飡
߹ȻҴˣΪϣôôŵĸ߰ȥˣأھվǰôɱҰ
꣡
Ҷһ߳񴺵عǱݺݵ飬Ҫɳ۶ɲǣٴβ̤ȥһ񴺵屻Ҷڽ£
һжڵʯ֮䣬Ҷ㱩Ϊ񴺣񴺱͵Ϯ֣һ裬ĲҺ𣬲ʹЩת
վڲԶ޽棬۽һ鴤һʹԳ֣նɱҶ㣡
ҹܲ˲ұضȥһȦЩ޴֮ˣ
顭
Ҷȭͷһ£ÿһȭǧһȭȭ񴺻Ĺͷȫˣʹ¡
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ɣҶһĲҺΨЦҳת׼֮֮䣬ȭͷ֮ʱȻУ֪طʱִ׼ط
㵽ôģҵľԪҵʵ񴺸ܵԼڵ˿̵Ѿ½ʮ
ҹĿ£ңڳ֣ض㻹Ѿ䣬ʶľͿң
䣡
񴺲ҺԪȻӿΪ½һ죡
ס֣ſ󱲣һɲһǵ˵ĺëըͨȻһλλ߼ݵ
ƣƣҶȻȻŭһԴˮ̷ȥһУЪ˹أ˿õдա
ʱѾõĺô񴺱һܾͻᱻ֪ʱΣޱȣٲ֣֮
ۣ
ʮ߱ս壬ͷ­ն䣬屻ж˿飬һ˿Ļᣡһ˿꣬ҲĨɱ
ŲͨգҪݣݣݣǧһ֮ʣҶҽУο쵽˼¡
ȻҶһ֮󣬺ȻըѣһɫͷڵϣҶ䲻ݷ֮ʣ˲伲ĺɽ

ͨǿߵĴִĺɽɲǣֱϵѪ˲λʹһȻ˳ȥһ־֮ɫ
̫ˣ̫ˣλߵʵȼǿλߵġƬڿʵ̫ˣڲ֪λߵĿֲĻȻ³ǽĸҲᶪ
ĺɽ֮У긦亹ʪһ㣬ͻ˵أλߣʵֲ̫ˣ
Ҷ㣡ҿǸ쵰СӾǡҶ㣡һ̣ȺбһϳҶ
ҵ죬Ǹնɱ۹ӣ幫ӣؼңдҶ㣿ĵ̫˰ɣôǿ׷ɱˣö֮ĳ֣ջڰ۹̫ӸˣվȻҹǿҲնɱˣ̫̬˰ɣ
ǰ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ̫̬ˣҲкϷˣЩԲưոݵģ˵һڼǣǻĳͨǿߵ磬ҿ治֪绹ʲôҸɵġ
ǰ˵ãɽ˶ˣҪΪͽǲһǱ޴󣬹ʮ죬ܺ͞ǿһ£սˣҿֻҪ䣬Ǭʮʾһϯ֮ء

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ϣȥնɱǸСӣ˽޽ɫüΪѿҪĺɽնɱҶ㣡
ǰȥǸѾͷϣһ֮ȱãǾ鷳ˣڻʱպ󣬲ǽĺɽʱߣƾһʮǿߣֲסλͨǿնһۣµֱֳ˳ŻڣﵭȴɱȻɱҶݡ
պҹ徫һ裬նɱҶ㣡β֪񣡡Ŀ˸޽תȥ
ĺɽ֮УҶеһƺͨͼΡżȵķ֣ĺɽ֮УƲûκκת
Ҫ֪ͨͼʧͨͼ£ȻĺɽɽͨͼһĴڣҪ˵ˣ˵ʱ򣬶ȥ
ףʱ䡭ҵ죬ʱ򻹱ıˣһ꣬һ죡һûκܻȥ
ҶҡͷЦΪѵҹİΧĺɽͰȫˣȴû뵽ĺɽȻֲ˹ȴ˵Ҫ¡
ԣӦǿݽߵĲŶԣôХ֮ҶʧɫΪտʶΪȺ߹쳤Х
ѵ˵Σպͻ磬ܹȥڣֻҪҵȥȫ⣬Ϊڼ֮Уһ
Ҷ㾲ĺɽ˼Ȼƿ̲ݻһһһǿߵľԪƬֻҪȡ޸ⲻ
Ҷ磬ֵĸӦƺʲôٻҹȥʱ˳



ڶ 
Ӧѵǰ֮ȣҶһ㶣¶Щϲɫ
ӾʶƬصɲǣ˷֮ɫƺûҶ̤ĺɽʱüģֻҡҡͷ˵ǵģǰ֮Ҹûһ㷴ӦֻǸоһ˿֮
ֵ֮Ҷˣ֮󣬴֮һ˿֮൱һǧܺͣ
໡𡭡һصХҶĺɽȻӣڣ
ߣ˵ز˾ұȻָΪȺɱҲһǶ֡ҶƬ̣裬ĺɽ˹ȥѰһɽס
ڲдǿߵƬֻҪգ޸ƣΪҲпٽһ
ɽУһǰ꣬ʱ䣬ΪȫָоһɹƬֻ˿̻ûླİա
ҲླҪȹ󣬶Ҷ֪ླ֮ʱȻή٣һʱ䣬̫࣬ÿһδսľԺͣʱϸ
Ҷ磬Ѿȷ֮Դˣʱһ˹ʱ䣬һֱ˵ĹϵԽԽܣҶ磬Ҳû˵ĲȻ
ҵˣ̫ˣֻҪ֮ǲܱ֤ĺɽлȥҶЦ꣬Ѿάϵ鵤ҩɲֲԹˣҽҶ㶼ǵԽԽˡ
˿֮ϢȻ˷쳣
ĺɽʱХҶ粻ǰɣЩǾȻǿ֮棬٣Ҷ磬ûͷӣɴˣŵıȻţҶ쳣𾪡
ƣͷȻɳһͷССȺʮ׳󣬹ǾʮͷҶ𾪲ѡ
˵֮һ̶ˮ̶ˮȺˮ֮أ
ǿ̶ˮҸܵʮǿ֮ƺ̶ײʯͷ飡϶ĵͷ
˵ţ߳ɽĺɽлΪӣ˵ݲȫǹͺͺɽ壬ʯɽڲԶХԽɽǵĶʡ
СʱΪû֧֣ҶֻܿУԼһ˿˿Ԫ
ص˲䣬ʮͷವĴܳ۵ɵԲƺֵܵĿ£ûг֡
ڿȺĵһۣҶ𾪣ʮͷҰǾȻĺ˵ɣһͷС
ֻǵʵҶʵڲһбͷܣֱӰȺߣԶ˵أ漴˰Ŀ⿴һˮ̶
ˮ̶ֻʯɣ̶ˮ峺ȴ̶ףڽӽˮ̶˲䣬Ҷϲˮ̶Ũ֮
ף̶ôôŨϢҶ΢΢ȣֱ̽ˮףȻˮ̶ڲʮϺñ̹ݡ
Ҷ磬˳ɲ飬пǴ˵вŴڵľ飡˵֮ʥƷôָͷСģ㹻һˣ˷
飿û뵽ĺɽоȻĴڣҶҲͷΪֱѾǴ˵е飬ڴɲǣľԪתʮ죬ڽأ
ҵ죬̶׶Ǿ飡С̶ʮƽףΡо̫ҸˣСǡ
Ƿˣĺɽٰʮ꣬û⣡Ҷ˷ܵһƣ̶ˮƳС̶ȫò¶˳
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ﰡЩǣȻֱˮȣҿҶ̲סһֿڣȻ趼ûţѾϷ֣պʳ
ǿ˷֮УҶ㿪ʼıչأΪɽһ꣬һ죬Ҳ˵ƽӻ룬ʱ֮ʼԼ磬ɱĺƽ٣Ѷܡ
Ҷ֮·Ѱüޣĸ׵ԽԽݣϸ֮Ҫõ
С㣬ĺɽҲռƣǼĵԽԽ첹ʵѪҺʼ渴ƻҪǳˡһӿڵߣվһλˣ˾˵գʹȻʧɫ
Ů˲ǱˣؼҴС㣬֬ѩ
淨֬ѩ漴ڵǺ«ȷŵɣջص壬һһġ
ɫ˲üΪѿҪ֬ѩ⣬˼£Ӵóһֻ«ݸ֬ѩ֮һתȥ
ѹң㻹䡭ȥķ֬ѩЦ漴ǿߣ̤ĺɽ֮У



ڶ ǧƣ
ʱҴңɽҶ㣬һ꣬ľԪĵʮһƺҪԭľ磬ʮľϾҪƣླȥ
󣬲֪һλᾭʲô󡣲Ȼо飬ȹҲʲô¡Ҷ㰲οԼ֮뿪ɽһĺɽߣأΪȹ׼
ĺɽһͨĸɽȻ֮󣬲Ż֣ᷢĺɽиһ磬һ硣
ףҶ磬ôоɽʲôٻҰڶµʱһߵɽ֮ʱɽϸ֮£ʮ֣͡
ͻȻͣס˽Ų㶵Ķɽ֮µԨһʱ侹ȻˣĶߴʮֵƺҪٻ
δ䣬˫ԹԵĳԨ˹ȥҶһ쳣Ҳ˽ȥ
̤Ԩ˲䣬еĺҹϢ֣ǿ׵ԨȻһ߽˲䣬ȻԨвûˮٶתʱ򣬺Ȼ·ȻһζʧУ
·ͨĵ·ԲεģֻܳһֻţһȨȡ
ȻߵһȻʧ֮У
裡衭ҶżеȻԨлصĻȴ˻شʧٵķȥȻһεϱס
һҶ߸ߵ𣬻ɳȥٴλͷȻ·Ѷϣ·Ҳϱ֮ڣ
ô£ѵдԵˣ޽ҹҪ裬Ϊ˰֮ʥԨɲǣҿɽΣ·һȨȣĪϱ֮󣬱ӡŰ֮ȣ
Ҷ̲ס˷ܣȻȷǷǰ֮ȣܸܵԨûɱɱɱΪУУܵǣһ˿еϢ
֮Ԩ˵޺㲻ǰ֮ȣҲĴڡ
˼ȥһд㣬Ҷ㡣
תȥȻĺɽʱб仯Ҳ˷ѣҪǣѰҶ֮·ĸ׵Ԫ޶࣬ץһʱ䡣
С㣬ֵ˽ˣռƣ֪һһؿšءĽʿĹ֬ѩǰ
ʧ˽٣֬ѩһδ˿ɶǴ˶ǿߣսҲһʮĺ֣û뵽Ϊ˰ƣȻʧôǿߡ
ǵģС㣬ĺɽϢʵ̫ˣû䣬Щƻкܶ඼սʿͶѪƴͬھأ⽫ʿ˵׹
⻷֬ѩε̾һһȱǧҲ˵ں«ֻаǧ⼸ռ꣬ʲôۣϧ
ǽʿͷһ¶һ˿ʹ⣬仰˵֪ˣûһܻŻȥˣʱỬ۽ǣã̧ͷСչ˺ǵļˣ
˵꣬λʿ߳ɽ֬ѩԶȥıӰε̾һ૵ʼ棬ʧôţֵ𡭡
ãڴϣ֪Ѿòһƣĳͷ
ȻһĻȴҶ㿴һ뿪ԨĺɽиȻѰĵرȴ䣬дؼ߽룬һв䣬ơ
ͷһĨʹ⣬һǱƶһĿһ̵Ŀֲֲõ۾ǾɫһĻʵֲ̫𣬻ëȻͷƤ顣
ûֱӳֻؼӵܣ˳ϣ֬ѩפأſһĻ
֬ѩϾȻаǧƣƿɲͨĶо񣬡ڵһܹȴܣΨ죬ĸŴã
ƣɹġ˵ƾǸĸŴľҲҪ츳
һƣ֧һţǧ֪ǶôֲĸǧƱҶգֲ첻㣬˵֮ȹ󣬾ֱӽ죬Ҳаգ
˿̵Ҷ㣬ƾͭڰ֬ѩɽԶǵĶԻ
ǧ֮ʱ۾ð⣬˰ǧƣ㹻İնȹ콵֮
ؼʼҪΣһĳޣһȫӳָǣ˵һøףǧƣһõ֣ҶЦпʼ㣬ζơ
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ʮֶ񶾣ڰҶҲһսȻڳŭؼ˾ȻģҪҶ磬ȡƣ
סڣ֪㸸ɽҶɱҪɼʹܼһ˿˽ģҶȻмϣֵܹģңҶڼǣ˵ʮǧԴ𣬴ѾҪպҲĺɽڵ꣬Ͻһƣضط
֬ѩȵ̲ɭȻɱ
ǣǣС㣡ɫһ䣬ŵæͷǣҶԣȻȴ֬ѩ׳죬ؼҴСĳƺ˭˸棬ǿǬʮеΪǿֶθܼ
شСٴν죬֮˵սܹͨʩչͨҲĹ˼ɡ򲻵ѣԲʹСѣ֪ôġ
ҲûбĻᣡǸҶ㣬Ȼĺɽˣǻû˵úúõģΪо治֪׵ʲôô˶ӵĻǲס֬ѩɫ΢ͣ˵
ǣҹѾǲ֣ĺɽȫѰֻҪǵҶûʲô£Ľ㣬ΪͨλߣҲǾǿߵĶֻ֣Ҫڹ涨ȡ㹻ƣҪȻûס㣡
ɫһϲ֬ѩⷬȫĻԣ֪֬ѩҲⱻãȡƣΪ御Ϊľǣǲǿְ߳
лС̻壬Ѿ֪֪žۼأͶȻСȥһ˷֮ɫҶɫȴ¶˿Ź֡
ҹؼҸǿǳıӵˣǣЩȴΪҹץסԼļˡ
ڰѣɣ
ʱ֬ѩͻȻſڣȻҶͷһͫ



ڶ ƷشС
ڰѣɣ㲻֪͵˵ǸõϰôΪƾǵӵԶҵ۾ߣ֬ѩȵŲȻҶķ˹
ٲݹ飡
һɾĳҶüëһ֪ԼٱˣһЦ˳֬ѩЦشС㣬
㣿֬ѩһ㶣û뵽ڰ֮ˣȻҹȫ׷Ҷ㣬ϵĵˣû뵽Ȼҡڵܵңһ͵˾Ҫ£
һ뵽˵ձˣһĻһĨŭ֮ɫ
֬ѩʢǣǧ˿Ʈۼ˫ɫʯһ㣬˸ŲӲӹԣҶ㣬ҲЩĳ
شС㣬ҡҶЦӣεʼ磬Ŀⴥ֬ѩĿһޱ޾ãС
֬ѩڶݳ֮ҶһȦЦҶӹȻĺɽ꣬Ϊ˷Ǿླһ֮ң˰ɣսٴһأңҲδĶ˰ɣҶӽĺɽ⣬ʵ⣬ҲŲ˵ܡ
Ҷһ𣬿֬ѩЦЦĿ⣬оԼǰƺûκܿԣ
ҶӲطսʱδǵĶ֣ǣǲֶΣҲǶְɣƾĸԣǲյġ
ŶشСҵĸԺѵСҸȤҶڶ֮ʶһŹâĿаѳָɣ
֬ѩɫһף͵̤һ𾪵ĶҶ㣬㾹ȻȥҵطҶ֮Ȼͬһ㣬ֲתСŮм飬֪ҶӿȤСŮӺ
뵽ҶĵϷзﲻһĨΣ޺޵Ҷһۣڡ
شСһԻ֮̽ңóĲ͸ǣҶЦһЦתߣ
ҶүǷҴ½ޣ֪жǿĽʺأôܺһСŮһʶأ˵ˣδ˼ͽ˼ҵĹ뷿ûأֻΪˣδҲ̫С˰ɣ֬ѩԴᣬ촽ʮԸģɽ΢ƻӳ£ԵĶཿֱһջ
֬ѩЦţ˱ȻҶۻңĸ֬ѩһʹһʥ࣬ħһĶཿ˷ֲ֬ѩʹħ
СŹ֣ٱħŮ˵ɶʱˣΪǮأҶﰵųȥĵ·׼·ȥΪŮʵ̫¡
ҶӻǶҲģҲգ˭˼ҳó벻˼ҵķأ֬ѩԹ԰ԹĿҶһۣԹһ㣬˵ţĵ¡¡ڷۼϵķ˿Ը֮
ȻЦӣ֪һܣҲҶһȤҺȥھǴ󱦲أ
ҶüëһħŮһһֱ־Զ̬֮ȣΪһ֪ŮԺ輫ߣֶθǺޱȣ˵ΪﵽĿĲֶ֮ˣŮ޶ԹŻкٶʵ̫졣
ֻǸʮߣǰﲻϴСʲôæؼǿƣѡһг֮ˣǲװɡҶЦ
Ҷ̫ǫˣǸʮǿߣû˸ԳΪˡܣҲؼ֪̹˵ؼ˲֣кôҪȥ㽱ңҲǣҸں
֬ѩһЦȻﾡã˾ܣҺǱصֵļʺܴ󣬶֪ǱأһʮָȤ
Ҷ㿴ǾգͷڵشСʵ̫߹ˣοҵ飬ǱʲôģûȤ
ô᣿֪˵ʲô𣿡֬ѩ欵££ͷʮֶˣ֮·ıأѵҶҲȤ𣿡
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Ҷ֮·ɲǣһ鴤еĿģǶ֮·˿֬ѩж֮·ϢȻ˷
ôҶСܣǺô룬Һĺɽ֮УȻе֣֬ѩëһۣ
ʮ߱սȻ֣Ȼɱȥڶ֮·ϢУȴŮ˵ңҪﵽĿģΨһ취Ǿ
֬ѩһŤ֫ȥЦɽȼ˰㣬ʱ֮ڣԪɢСŮϵҶСǸѲĽɫֶΣǲҶСܷ죬ôҶСܣһ£ǺΣ
ȻȻʱĹҶ㣬ʵһֱʮֽ˵Ҷ㣬һֱûŹģ
ããشС治Ǭʮ֮һһжƵ˾£ү磡Ҷҡͷ̾ϢһҰ˵ӡ
ҶСܵıǿ󣬿ɲҪŶ֬ѩƳһ飬ȻҶ˰㣬޷þԪ֬ѩҲһ޷þԪҺҶӲϾҶıչֳǿսرɲǡ
һ̣֬ѩҲϲҶûʶܾתʶɵȻ
֬ѩȻ󾪣ԴʹҪҡҡ׹ʧȥʶǿľ񹥻֬ѩǿΪҲܿƣһʹ֮ɫ
ͬʱҶ͵ѹһѽɫ˵ڴϣ
ѹ֬ѩϣһɷ֮ҶĵĺݺһڣܾĹȫûмϣӿ֬ѩʶԣ
ˣ
һɲһֲҶʶһͣɫȻòҰ֬ѩֲ֮ľ񲨶
Ҷһ㶣ȻִŮʶƺһʮֿµʶ룬пܴǹɿµڴСϣ
ſң֬ѩ˲䣬Ҷ㱧ѹϣ˫ɶɵѹǰ˵˫֮ϣŭ쳣
Ҷһ㶣ʶڣһĨ˶ץϣǸоüˣĸо˿һͷһӶá
ĺܲ
Ҫɱ㣡



ڶ 
֬ѩһУ߷쳣ɫήҶܾ̫ԵֻҧѾҶ͸ˣ۹ɱˣҶһǧˡ
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Ҷ۹һ֬ѩĴ侹Ȼ󿪣ֻ«һŲͼ˳ҶҪƺǶ֮·Ĳͼ
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쵰ſңҪǱؼ˿Ժμˣ֬ѩ߷߼ŭҶ
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죬ɱ¾һǰ죬ĺۼ֯Խ貣һ𣬺췣Ӷһ
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ĺɽɽԨ
һգɽȻҡԨڵٴ֣Ҷڵһվ֪ˣʱѾչˣ



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٣ǸûᣬǶвԱУ춼Ұ
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㣡ʲôˣɫһ䣬Ȼ˳ң޽ߺѸ봢ڣͰȴͻȻв֮ͳ룬ʼδʧɫʵ



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ãҪˣƺҪǰ򿪶֮·̤㶫ģ֬ѩһֻ߹һһŮеӢŮͯŮ赺ϣ



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޽ܵ˼ĳŵŽŲͣˣʶ飬۵һѪԵڵأԼﾡ飬
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Ц֮ΪҹǿߣֶΣھΪһУ۰ɣأҷ⣡
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˷ĿգһɣһݻУգסҶ·һС磬磬޽ˣ
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Ӱ۶ȥҪЩץǣһɲǣһ棬˾ɣӺڵ˻Ҫˡ
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ı飬֣˹Ц
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ģУһĨɫĿһҶ㣬˿̣Ҷ边Ȼʮİ֮ǰʶ裬ȫһˣ
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ϸ֮ĵںεأұõҶâ˭赲ȡϸ֮ĵĵ·ҲУ
ϸ֮ģǶĵŦκȡߣκȡߣ輲ڵվʮⱬһҶľ룬ĶҶ㣬ƺһ£ҪɱЩˣ



ڶһʮ 
Ҷ磬ԲĶԲûϸ֮ģĽٴڣ֪ΪΣҸоУƺҵļһԲҲܰ㣬ԲҶ硭
ɫΪʹ࣬ƺʲôֳɻ
ҶĿһ٣ȻǰȻֻ֪֪Ľ֣״Ӻζ۵ŮӾ˭֪
ʥ֮ȵתѵͳȴ˵Ķʡ
֪
˵ĿۼµϣֻεЦЦһλ置ܵĹλܵƷȻһαʥ֮ȣֻǰ֮ȴûһűʯҪ֪֮ȲǶ֮·ԿףʥȨƣ峤ĵλҲ֪ԭ㡣
˶٣ǧǰ巢䣬ԭĶңһϦ𣬾˵¼ȴûһȴʧһŮͯǵ峤ҵСŮʥ֮һͬʧˣ
˵ǸʧٵŮӤ
±ӵĿ˺Ӳһۣ˵ѾôԽԽԲаǾǿߣܻǧ꣬Ϊʮôܡ
˵ǶʧŮӤ¼ҵһλʿߣ汻峤һϵ׷ɱ켸ҹ֮ʿǿ߸飬ŮӤȴɲǣɽҲûҵ֮ȣΪִƴȨǲòư֮ȣʵ֮һűʯϹŵһ£޷Ѱôһֻȱһűʯʹ˴ȥ
ҶһʶĿͷϵİ֮ȣȻһӫıʯû뵽ǣⱦʯȻһ¡
Ϲţʮ֣ܾȻǿһȨȡ
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ѵǶĺҶһҶ֪ĺ
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Ҷ׸һӵĿ⣬һһշ׻һĻ磬Կĺͯû㹻Ķס˵߾ߣ˭Ҳץţ
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ӯɿڵζ쳣Ϣˣָоʮˬһ겻ϴˣͻȻ콵꣬ϴһʹ衣
̣̣̣Сһһ˹Ҷ·ϣһĽУƺԣҶʱϲɫ
ٶ֮ٶɵľԪţϲʳҲܰǾͻƣһȼ
ҶСܹȻ˫ʮλǿıȴС˼򵥾͵֣ǿϲɺء



ڶһʮ ƶʮ
ͬϲͬϲҪʱȥԼĻԵɣǴҪƿ֮ʱҪȫͬУǴӦġҶ㿪ڵϲɫҪ֪սҪٶΪٴ
ãɣֵҲûȥʳˣҰɥͺӲ뿪һԾϣٶȷɿ죬ʹȥ
شС㣬裬ǡ
ҲߣұʮҴˣ֮·ʹ˹رգûܹǣ֮֮ͨҲһˣұ˵أҵļ԰ᶨҶ磬ڴˣҲΪ㻤
˿̵裬ѾָԭȵģƤЦЦҶоСóһЩ棬ҶԼ̺ãΪչ׼
һ൱һ꣬Ҵ˵ʱģĺɽһ꣬һգһ죬൱ʮ꣬ٺ٣ΪʲôҪŹ־ѵĻᡣ֬ѩЦЦ
Ҷһۣûжԣÿ˶Լܣһ˫ûгΪѵʱ򣬻ǲܸ߶Է̫ࡣ
Ǻã˾ڴ˵رչأǰһʲôʱǰҶ㵭Īĵģ뵽λͷ䣬Ĳɵһ鴤
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ǰӣ置ӵܣ޵У֮תǿޱȡ
˿̵Ķ֮·ʮֻ谵ûй룬ʥ˸Źâȫʧڶ֮·У
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Ҷüͷ\ľ͹ܲĸӾңҪҶƣѾɳȥˣ޵˵˲䣬궯Ӿҡ
ҶĿһϣʲôұܵĸоǷƷΪ쳣޵еԵʣҲˣѵ
ǺȻʲôĿȻһȻ޵ͷϵ֮



ڶһʮ ֮ˣ
޵ͷϵ֮˸ҫ۵ĹâɱƣȴֻӰûʵʵ壬֮ϹŷǣΨһĨݣתŻָһЩ֮壬޵С
ҶĿһȻǹܺ\ľ״Ȼһ
뵽֬ѩ֮ǰ˵Ļ޵ȻΪУ֮ƶɣӵԴԴߵ֧Ԯ˵ڲ֮ء
鼤ܺ\ľ֮Ƭһõ֮꣬ƿ֮
սͨ죬նɱǿУҿȴǹͽ޵¶һĨмЦݡ
Ϸ̾ˣв˴μ棬֪ҶǲԸǿѿ޵зκ̸ӭȴǷܣа͵شܳ
ԲеֶңʾԽУ׷Ůǰ𣿿ϧʧˣҶ㲻ᣡҶûоԪӿƣ˫ǵӣ˲һ
޵дŭйâӿգ֮䣬γһ񹭣ӿ֮ϣ֮ɣƿأ
ˣ
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˵Ĺâ֮һڣؼɳʯһ貵ĹżŴһ𻨣ˣΧĶˣ
ÿµ֮Ȼܹ繫̤λߣǬʮʣҲûмĶ֣˾ȵϷҲɫʮʱ䣬Ϊһ̤򣬺֮ϳ̶һ̨ס
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֮ϹűĲƬϵһɲǣâӿڣȻһźĶ۶һȻҶУٶһ֣
֮Ҷ㱩һͷ৷֮ӿҶС
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ڳ֮ˣ¶ȣϲĽʺޣһͬı飬ȴ¶һĨο置ʥһߣѾһ룡
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ھɱ֮ʱ֮ΨһˣǾңڣ֮͹ˣ
޵гЦţ貣ڻҪ֮ʣȻſһ׹䣬¡֮쳹˵Ķʡ
ɫһ䣬а֮Ҫȣ֬ѩҲЩ⶯¼ѾͼסҶ㣡
Ȼһ̣˾Դʧɫ
ǣٶȿȹ٣ֹܹģҶ㣬Ȼ㶼û㣬գħķûκء
ǣŵɲǣȻͣʵ֮貵ĹâħȻըѣǾɱһȻ֮֮ڣ
𣡸գ
ؼɲǣҶ㱬һŭɹȻĿɫյҶ죬Ĵ޵Ȼ飬ǹȻͷͣҶеʵ֮ȡ
µսԴȪ֮Ҷ㣬Ǳ壬սǾ޽Уǿޱȣ
ڣҵģҾȫ㣡޵Уھڣҵ飬㶼䣡ɣ֮֮䣡
˴һе˸쳣ҫ۵Ĺâգ۵Ĺ򣬶һ룡
޵Уȥɣ֮ˣ



ڶһʮ 乭

ǳȺ󣬻ֺ޴󣬺İ޵һ˿ᣬգ֮䣬Ѿ
ҲתҲ֮ˣ֮ôܱһ˵ߣҪɱңҲҲ
ûлͷɱǿĲݣ
ۣ
޵ڴɲǣ͵סˣ׼׼֮ͣɴ۾ƺţһģ
һɲ屻ᴩһĵĹâֱɱ壬
һ죬޿ɵ˭Ҳ޷赲µһ֮תҲУĿ꣬ΨһǾ
䣡
һը죬Ѫ׷ɣ޵еһɲ֮䣬Ȼ飬ѪסĹâѪģ
ը֮һȻĹâһһԹĿҶһۣתȥ
ߣߣʹ˵ʸûУѵΪûˣܾ𣿲ܣ°ɣ
ҶһֵİƺȻ£ǹһĨţȻͬһ͵ԽԽƺҪը
֮ɣһҲˣһȣһĹ߱ǿа룬ǳһѿ޵оһ̣䣡
޾ľԪƬˮһ㣬ӿҶڣ񾳵ľԪȻ̫ǿ󣬵޵תĴ꣬ǾѵļƷ
ȫֲʧԪЩ飬㹻ڴһ
໡
һ֮һ죬ҲʼƺΪףʱ֮һ˿תѾڣֻһĨʵûм顣
Ҷ磬̫ˣʥһιȻŴ壡ȸԾһϲ֮ɫ֬ѩµҲչüͷϲ
ҶֹȻͬˣȻ˾յľأΪʤһնɱ޵У֮Ϊ置ʥһʵʥȻʢʵСʮϲҶϲ汦ϷЦŹϲһϲ֮ɫΪҶһ㣬ͷԡ
ͬϲͬϲҶ㳤ЦϷĸǿɫΪѿҶ֮ʱ¶־֮ɫ
λǿߣŲҪɱô֣Ҷ㵭Цţһ絭ӣովһսһ㡣
һ֣ɱŭһǿΪһţɿڳλǿһ֡
ߣ֣繷һһŮߵ˵ָһֻƿɣȻǱƿӡ
һʮһλǿͬʱȣЩһ϶ҶŽⲻĳ̣ң۹ǿ߾ڴС
һȺھǼʶʶ֮Ŀ£ȥڰɣ
ˣ
Ҷ֮Ĺң޾ӿĵľڹ֮ϣӵĻ˸Ŵ۵Ĺâһӯ
Ļ濪ʼսǰǣʮʮʮ
˴ʧɫĿҶսһԾ̤죬ټĪֶΣ֮Ŀ¹˿־֮
Ҫһ֣ɱ׶Ȼȣʮһ˱ܣʩչѹ׵ֶΣеǿߣʩչͨ壡
ݣ
һ㣬µХأٶȿ쵽˼£ֱȡҶ繷۹Ůߵͷ­
ۣ
ŮʹһǰĹű綹һ㱻âϣգ۱ִ壬ը
Ůߵɴ۾־ĿԼ壬գ֮ȻըѣҲ޷ӱܣǾԪƬһԵĳҶ塣
ֵǣ
ʣʮλǿһŴ߻Ļ׺ķڶԷʱᱻ˽ᣬһ̿־֮
֮Ҷоͬʹٴڹϣֺͬһ㼤˲ϢûԷǿ֮У

һλǿ߲ҽһѪ֣һžԪƬҶڣ屻ɣһըڵһѪ
ҶûԶһλǿߴһֻʣһžԪƬҶ׼
ݡ
Ԫӿɲ֮䣬Ϳ幭ѪâƲ񷣬ҽ˷λǿ䣬ûһߣȫڴˡ
ôᡭôǿ󡭡ңǵĲˣǶħԣһǸħʣǿŵòʧҲڵϣֻŵĿҶ㣬֮ʵֲ̫
ϹϹЩֻ֣֮ͨƵסˣЩְɡ׽Ϸվһԣûһûǣ·Щ˸һ˿ϵûС
Ϸ̣ǰ˵ʮؽ㣬㣬Ѿ˶ʮˣоʱ̫𣿡֬ѩˡ
û뵽ؽ㻹ţȻ˵ˣСսԵýˣοڴ˴ҲǴţ֣ʽҲáϷЦ˵ֲֻǴ֣Ѷ֮Ĺϵʱࡣ
Ҷ㿴Եڵصˣ¶һ˿֮ɫϷǲˣھЩһžȥ
Ҷ㣬㡭
飡
ֱ̧һƣ׵ԴŤĻʵһ죬ԴȻˣ
һѣȻңĨɱõĹޡ
۵һһӨ׵Ļ飬һλǿ˵أʣҲҶ赭дɱĿ⿴ڴսϷ̺֬ѩ
ҿǿô࣬ûˣӲһҶļ򣬿ɥұΪླѾǺܴջˣȴû뵽˱̬һ̤죬ôµս˱˵Ȼ԰
ҶӵĿһۣ˵ȥɣȻֻһ죬ԪѾɹ죬ֻûѣοսҲǿҲû⣬ңЩ꣬ҲдԵɡ
ǰҶСӣٶȣѾҼˣôıҵ죬ڱҸжˣӴչһĽʺ޵
Уҿϴϵ£һƷǧѰһı˫Ьѥͽ㲱ϵǿǾѵķҪǻҶЦסԼıҶһӵ˼ԶĵطаҶƻ
бΪģɶҲûаɣһƶϴҶ㣬ֵܣѰһһҪҰڶˣ˵ʮ˱ս͸һġҰҡ
ǺðңǼ߽ҿѾˣҰѲȱս㣬Ǹ洫ңô
ҰһҶҪʱһ̵ˣǶϴģһӻⷢ¸أôܸҶ㡣
Щѳһ٣Ҷֲֻ࣬ǻ֮ȥƺֻǸľżȥģֻ֣Ĵ֣Ǹ֣ǸС֮Сӡ



ڶһʮ زˣϸ֮
Ϸ̣ѵַʽһ𣿡ŶŮԲ԰֮ɫЩȻܾ֮֡
һҶ⻰˵δ̫ˣ˵ʱĶ֣ǣҪ˵ңܣһɰӿͷϷͦŹĹĵظ԰ֻڲһս֪ҪʲôϺҿ԰쵽
֪ҶЩ棬ѵĸ׵òΣڵϦ鱻֪ĸΣգ
Ҫ붫֮ˣõ࣬ϸ֮ģҿҶ֣ҲɡϷ̵Ц漴һתֻҪõϸ֮ģҪʥ۲УǺ޳ǵõϸ֮ġ
Уϸ֮ĲܱȡߣҪãֻһ㣬ϸ֮ȫȡߣƬػġȻſҶ㣬ϣгŵֻȡһ㡣
ţֻҪһ͹ˣشС
ҲֻҪָС㹻ˡ֬ѩеĿϸ֮ģѾ񾳵ƿûѶȹͨǿߵ󣬳Ϊһλߡ
Ҫ֪һϸ֮ĸһͨսԼαǣ̤ھֱʶǬɵڰ˻ʣ
ҾҪӦ𣿡ʵı飬ϷЦЦ˵ŷĵĵͷǰ·Ҷһ̤붫ĵŦ
ĵŦͬһ㣬ģʥ̤붫֮·ıǴϸ֮ĵıƷ
ʥУ֮ȿλһУ԰֮ΪۣῪ࣬ϸ֮ġ
Ҷ磬Ҫһֻ֣ͬʱ֣еγһ΢ɲʱ򣬾һ֣ŦʱǣҶ磬һҪŵԣҪϸ֮ģΪؽȡһС飬𣡡
ʱ֣һ絴Ĳһ࣬һ̣֮ȣ֮֮ͨʥױȵĹâ
ϸ޼Ǭһڿն𣬰֮ϵɢĹâǹâһƣɹţȻ׹䣡
𣡺𡭡
ʮ۶ڰһâҫ֮ͶеΪһ壬֮ڡ
ɲʥ֮Ȼһɫ㣬޷Ŵֻһȣ޷Ŵ˲һŵ״
Щ룡
ಣ
ӰһʧڶĴ֮ϣӵĿ࣬ͬʱ̾ҶãȻĽ࣬õϸֻ֮ʣһ
ǡǼ䣬Ȼ仯ĿľããһƬϢ쳣ȴʧϷ̺Ӱ
ϸ֮ĵ磬ˣһ̤˵صˣһϵҶãȻĹˣûзκӰв֮Ȼ
ˣҾϸ֮ģҲһֱҪõϸ֮ģڣʹҵĶٴδһѶϢ
ϸ֮ģһûҶЦ˵ȻƲϲûбֳ쳣Ȼ˷ܡ
ʵϣϸ֮ĵıһϸԡɫеĸۡҶ㴦ڸۡУȻϸ֮ĵĸУ
ŶϵЩɣ˵Ƿǳˣףôᣬ㾹ȻˣȻ˿͸ô£ôῴ͸
ϸ֮ĵϣҶֻоɲ⣬ָоģΨдܣ񶦾Ĵǿߣ
ҾͲ仹ҿ͸Ķ
˵ţһµӰֳƵջһ㣬׽סҶĸ첲ԪעУҴܣҶֻо岻Լġ
žԪ˵ɫѿѵ⣿ֱɱѵʲôùĶ㲻ˣ㵽˭ΪʲôǿĻԵ˿µĺˣ˭ΪƼ˶ֱִʣ˭ģ
ҶĻ֪Լصʮһ꣬˵ȴ֪ô£ڴˣҲĳΪƼ޶ġ
µˣСӣҾˣҪ˼ץסҶֱۣƺ˻һԲϷŹ
ͷ㲻˵Цɣϸ֮ĿǶĵ࣬ıΪ½صıأȴҪҺοҲµòĻǸһеĲˣɣ
Ҷ˵ĿƵĶϸ֮ģӦ
ں˾ңߴͷѪ׼Ҿң߶֮·ͷŹҲңΪľǵע⣬ѾڶӡˣЩ꣬ҹʵ̫ˣҪֻһ·ߣǾ̰ٿض֮·ν˼䣬ֻЩֱˣ꣬ߴͷ׼ҲҽѶĵ˵ĳȫңȴҲڶ֮ϣʹҲ̤һΪҲԭأ޷ٽһ
ϸ̹֮ϵ˵һʮʹӣҶ𾪵ǣǸһֱĴڣȻǰһֱѰٵϸ֮ģ
˰ɣҶ㲢ûж⣬ֻˣΪҽ˻ǵ˫ת˼£¶ĵҳȥϸ֮ĵľҿԸһ
һѵֵô㣿ҶЩӣһ֪Լ磬Ȼõõֶƭȡ
ǺãһҸһʹһָȻҶȴɫֻܼҲܸ㣬ҾҳȥҾǷһ飬ҿǴǿߣӦ֪ǿߵĿɹ󡣡
٣һʵˣǱˣҪһʲôãһİ취ϸ֮İɡҶװ̾һʹ뿪һʥ롣
һӵĿҶ㣬ڶһƵʵǱˣǲʵˣܷˡ
㣬ǺãǷ飬ұ֤ҵžѵã˵ļҹƯҸû⡣
ܿ죬˴ɽףһɫĹץҶʮּ֪ĸ׵ĲˣоˣҲصһı磬ȥˡ
ϸ֮ĵŵɫĹ㣬ҶʶڣһΣգֻҪƵ㣬ϸ֮ıضʱڸϵ
ΪҴ򿪶ĵɡ˽꣬Ȼ˳ȥϣܲ
ҵͬأûǣһ޷ȥ
ǹˬһ±㴫͵ľڣʱڽܶĵϴ񣬽һǶ˽ʽƹܶģҰͳδȨǸѾͷһһһǶĵˣ



ڶһʮ 
ƼʻСǣʱϻɵϢڶеǿ䣬ǿʧȻҵ˶֮·Ȼȴ˼սǰʱĺɽȻ𶯣֮·âţ׷ȥ˲䣬֮·ʧˣ
ǵģʧ˵ҰǾͷ֣Ҳûҵ֮·ټƺ֮·ʹ˾ˣĺɽҲ˿ˣɢʱĻ
СյأĺɽҲڡ
置峤ʥʧˣתˣҹʥȻҲʧˣƺͶ֮·һʧٵġ
ҹǿߣѰϷ̵䣬Ȼȴʯһ㣬Ϸ̺Ͷ֮·һʧڴ½ϣѶ
Ȩϲ᲻ò־屻ҹϲ᲻òƳ٣ҲҶڲ֪Уӳ˴½սʱ䡣
Ȼڰ֮󣬼гһ½ң¼ҵȴֻҶȴŵƽʣҶׯ԰ַǷǼһϲҳ
ܵܣ̫ˣϸ֮ģĸоˣ̫ˣҶ缤Ҷ㣬ҭͣЩӣ̫ƲֵĹ£˿̼Ҷϸ֮ģ˷֣֮ǰһɨա
λʦЩӣлǡҶϵľϹƣĽ׻г𾪣ϸ֮ģ֪ʦѰҶ꣬ûټȴһҶ㾹ȻѰ
Ҷ˵֮󣬸оգĺɽһǽʮ꣬ûκһпԼȡϸ֮ĵḶ́ǵһ󣬾ˡ
ֶѾ⵽һ̶ȣһͷǵΪ䵱ʦ
һգҶϸ֮ĴɽףҶϷľ˼ĸУڰϸ֮󣬺˸ȥֱǡ
ĸ׻µԪ²˳٣Ͷǰãɽʦ˼ҶȻа취ȻʦõġƿڵҲ뿪ãɽˣﲻЩ
ã²˳٣ͶҶͷ㣬Щʰ£뿪
Ҷͷתȥ֮Ҷ뿪˼ǣø嶼һƺڰɷˡ
ãɽ޷塣
ò캣ӭӣֻǰĸ׻ϸ֮ĴߣҶͷԣҶҪǰ캣ĸ״ߡ
Ͼϸ֮Ŀǿĵرܽһȴ㹻캣ħ֮ԺΪһͷҶ㲻ò
ҶƵǣǸص⹫ѾǰȻϼһ棬ʹҶӡ󼫲ȴãɽԸ
Ҷֶܷģʦ˼ڳ񶦾Ĺؿڣʮգӭӣʵ˼ѾܾþȥŮˣֻĿǰľزҶֶҪ֡һö쾧ʱϣ𵽾ãʦ͸Ƕ˵
캣˵ŷȡüɫʯݸҶܣ˵쾧һĽʺޣҪʦûǡ
쾧֮ǴϷɣģͻƾ汦˵쾧̶ȿһϸ֮ģ
öʮλɮɣҶ⹫ô۽
ʦ˼Ѿ㰲ȥϸ֮ģĸײ£д󸣣ǲصġ캣ԸЦЦĿҶ㣬˵
֮ҶҶһͯĴ£һؿߣؿߵɲǣһƢϢƺֻܵ
С֣һ˳էŲãɽϤɷǽܽһ¡ǰصط·ϣҶʵãɽΨİ֮С
Ҳңǲãɽ׷壬Ϊͨ壬޷壬Ʒ壬·壬壬׷壬ͨǲãɽסڣҵӰ룬ķһأÿһ꣬ͻῪɽͽķ塣
Ȼ֪ҶĵλǿϷĵױӣһС֣˷ޱȣǱϿһ㣬Ȼ֪޲ԡ
ķ֮Ψ·Ϊ⣬ȫŮԵӣҽֹе̤һʵǿķ֮λӵһα޷Ʒ壬壬ϡ٣ʵǿ޷Ʒûôء
һת˵ҶӣһҪ㣬޷Ʒĵʮֲͷ棬ٲһԺƷĵӣһҪСģǶЩСˣȫ˵塣
ҶӣﱻΪˣʦҴĵطҲãɽصأֻи׷ϵӣʸ̤룬⻯أǱΪ½ϵһ漣
Ҷһ㶣һȻ𣬲ãɽĻأϹ֤֮أͼ֮أ˼ͻȻһˡ죬һˮ͸ʯͷڵأʱһ֤
̤뻯أߴһ̵죬ΪУϸǵڽӽ
ȻǺȥҲڴ˵أܵõһ˿۵򣡡ҶĵͷϹţΪǧһۣǵһͳһ½λĿֲǿߡ
㣬ı쾭Ҳͻ˵ҶתͷЦŴ뻯ɽ˲䣬õı쾭ȻȻȻת
ţĸѹҾ㲻ͻΡҶ̾ϢһŵİΪƿͨ죬ͻơ
ߵһǰͯͣԭأŤͷҶҶӣҶС㣬ǻˣֻ͵ˡ
ĿһۣԳЦЦͯͯӣòãɽϵ״õһŵӵĵλǣŵӵʵ״̫ͯࡣ
͸㣬Ҳãɽ顣ҶĿһԷڵӴڷһǿصĹƷȻ͡
ҡҪܾƤϵּ˲ʻҪ˵ĻҶеĹҵϵӵı󹦷ȴ͸ɼ˵Ĵ󷽣ԥһ£֣һ䣺л
ҶЦЦοˣ֪ˣҲԺҪıˣĸڵĻöá
ڴѵ֪ãɽĹ𣿡һźͯɲǣһͣͷһ亹
飡
صĴźȻ򿪣һ޳ӶȻվĿһĿⴥҶɲǣһ΢ɲĹâ
ʦ֣⹫С㣬޷Ϸıӣɽţ̤뻯֪ãɽĹأ㲻Ҫ֡ͯԥһ£ץͦΪҶ
ѵ㲻֪ʲôϷıӣѵǷݱ̤㱦أȡԴ𣿸οΪһͯȻ˹أܱ˵Ī޷ĽӦûطͨ壬һ



ڶһʮ ѹ
Ļͯ͵һ־ĹâĽ棬޷岻Ҷүôһһͯ˾ˣ˭ء
οһûаãɽߣ̤ʥأѵ޷ڹ𣿺ߣ˵ʲôӣҲãɽƽĶӣֻҪûаɽţͲ̤ʥأ
ȵȻһΪţͯɪɪǰֻһƣһ·ϳͨ裬ȴû뵽˿̱ѣĻᶼûС
Ľ֣ĲأƷһڴˣȻһʾûУɵ˰ɣźӰһɫӼ
ǵȻжѣΪһŵӶ磬ֻʮֻйϵģŶԭ޷ϷıӰ
в磬Ǵɫ·ӽǣΪΪִϷĽߣǰ;ȻһƬ
ͯɫѿҪ֪ãɽΨ·һϷԳ棬Ҳ졣
ϷηҪۣܵٿҶˣһΪǶû棬Ѿɵˡ
ֻҲδػʵǱϾͬڣǳΪѣҲһжˡҶ˵ı飬ĽЦЦΪüƣһתĿⶢҶϡ
ɫ壬ȣʮԸУۼգŮһ㣬߲ʣǴҹʣλƷŵĿ⡣
ǳէǲ֪ɽ棬ƷӣǬʮ֮һ߻ʷĽƣΪ黯㣬ҾǷƵ׵ܵܣãɽУûм˸Ҵ磡ǣײҵϣٺ١Ϊ˶һ壬һж˵
ĽڵĻȻ֮ȴʮףǾǣҶҪѴ˴ϲĶֺ򣬺ء
椣ϴһȴ֮¾ʹ˽ҹΪǣϴĽڣһΪǿˣǰѻǰŮǸƷҪǣǸľѶ¯ȻŹֺ÷ĽڵĻᡣ
СӣҪʶ࣬ϴڲãɽǿֻҪ˵øôֱͻƵ֮ǰ˼Ҷ㡰Ȱ
˵𣿡
ҶͻȻڣǴһ˿ϷʵЦݣ˴νãɽΪ˵͵ͽ㶼ΪϿʮߡ
˿̿͵Ҳ޷͵Ϊ鷳ԼˣǰСӣûһ˿ȤĽڱΪƷţΪڞ죬ȤģǸ磬Ǭɵ߻ʷĽơ
Ľһ㶣ɫüΪѿΪǬɵ߻ʵĵܵܣãɽм˸ҲӣȻļһѾ˿֮ȴӣ
Сӣһ㶣ɫһУҵϢҶƤһ
սһս
Ҷվһԣ֣¶һ˿Źֵı飬һΣĵĲҶ㣬ǷĽڼˡ
仰ģЦҶ͵̤ǰһӿƳ죬Ƿ׷ɡ
ĸߴںվһʱ򣬾ȻǸϰͷǳƣ˫һȶתһȻĹâ
죡
һ̣˾Դ󾪣͵һ
ߣʲôµģѣӿǞ죬ѵһɣǰǶ꣡һϷıӶѣʲôµģһкҳеĽɫŭǾԴһս֮ɫ
Ľ֣ģСӽңǺͲ¶һĨŤͷҶ㣬СӣǸҪ־͹û£ļƷߵô±Ҫסô
ͨ
ͯŵõڵأһ𾪵ĿŷĽˣû뵽֮ѾϷӵݣҪɱ
ɱһҲһУҵϢǵĽһޣһս
죬˷ңΪƾȷѹסЦ±ӣסˣ仰㣡
ҶЦţȻˣǺͲֻоǰһеսȻֶȥͬʱһֻȭͷ
飡
ͬʱӳȭͷޱȣڴǺͲɲǣȻĥһӡϣһѪ֣Ӱ߸ߵݺݵ׹ڵء
ôܣ
ôܣ
һ̣ͬʱԷĽںͯ˾ԾˣһǼ򵥵òټ򵥵ȭͷȻǿߺɣβȡ
ӣͳаԵԲսǱɳǹˣҶ͵ǰ̤˼ϸ΢ĽŲڶ˵Ķħһ㣡
һսץУսѾǵʮڣ
𣬱ƷĵӣǶڲãɽӣ涨ڧɱ㲻Ҫһ亹ǰʵֲ̫ˣһȭɣܵȫѣƼΪأ㲻Ҳ꣬Ȭ
ӣ磬ȾǣȾǣ羪ŵĿŷĽڣͼȡ
꣡꣡
ѱǣҶһˣûһ˿͵̤һֻţӿؿڣȱˣͻأ۾ŷĽڣƺڰڰԹ
һ編ƣһĻķĽڣɫҰףҶ㣬ɷһ㡣
㣬㵽˭Ϊս˿£ǿĽھʵ
Ҷ㣬˵𣿡
ЦЦ·Ϸ
Ľ֣Ӳûͻأһ֮ɫһ꣬µǸˣǽҶ
ԳЦЦǸµ꣬սͨ죬ǬʮûһĶ֣ʮʣҲûһ˿η壬ؼңң۹ȴʮʲô
иãϲţڽ£ݺݵ䣡οҽ㣬Ҳ˼򵥵㣬һԺӣΣģҲɱ㣡Ҷ䡣
Ľڴһ飬ſڿȥҶŵļ϶ûȥȥҴ磬ΪԼ
ˣܾƣҶһսȞǿߣⷽĽͬҵĻһ㣬Ϊǿսܲ
䣡
ܾȻһ뷽Ľڵʶڣ񣬼һ˲䣬ĽҲûӦͷʹϮ
㣡͵ϮңҶ㣬սͨ죬ҲҪ㸶ۣĽڵĲһʹɲǼ䣬תŭҶ㡣
ҶҲһû뵽رܵ񹥻
ۣҹ£ȳڣһɾӿĽһţиһչһǵĹâӿ



ڶٶʮ üĸףϣ
ۣ飡
һֻȭɱһ£ƿȭⶴȥƲݺݵڷĽڵؿڡ
Ľɫұ䣬ξҪ˵ɲǣȻֿռ䱻˿ҶȭͷâƣѪӿ֮£òĳһƣͼסҶȭͷȻֻһ죬Ҷݹֱ࣬
ƺȭͷһɲǣɭȻѹ֮Ľֻоһ˺ĵľʹ׹ǲƣѪģ
ҹ£Ҷ͵ǰ̤һɽȻѹ£
һ̣ڷĽڵҶͬһ㣬߲ԽǳϢĵ֮ըһ㣬ʶںȻը죡

ĽڱһѾĹȥ˿̣г޾Ŀ־壬·ǰҶ㣬һʱ̷ܵ
ͨ
ƷŹڵϣͯɴ۾ĿŹڵصţǸһ޼ɵķĽڣ˿ĹڵϣǸЦݿҶӣȻǴɱ֮ˣʱٿӣ絭ᣬ赭дƺɱɱûһ¡
Ļڵгŭ𣬱мȵĲʣҪҪ˺Ҷ㡣
Сӣ̫ˡڶһĻ캣켸ˣԵɴ۾ǱҶǣҶȽ뻯أƷǿߵ֣Ҷ㣬ȴû뵽㡣
޷ӣھȻһİӵǰϢȥҪ౬ըж౬ը
Ҷ㣬㾹ңգҴؽնɱ㣡Ľ˫ĿѪ޵ĵҶ㡣
磿Ǭɵ߻ʣߣҵҲһѣȺңǾҹɣ
Ҷߣĳһƣݺݵؿڣ
ĽţͬĥһȻ䣬һɲ֮壬ֻоĶڵϣҲվ
ҹãɽ¶֪ƷžȻڵҹ޾裬еŭŭڣɫϡ
һҪնɱ㣡һҪҷңƷ壬Ҫɱ㣬֮裬ձؽʮٱĻ㣡Ҷ㣬һҪɱ㣡
ĽڷţȴĶڵϣûзֺƶâӿ޾ǳԽԽ󣬲ϵĹ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
裬˵ģҲͻΪãɽ˳ЦЦ˲෹Цϣ˵Ĵ
ߣ֮ҶһȣһɾȻ½ƲƷĽϵâȻɫĻͱɫĻ潻֯ڰ׹âӿɷӡѷĽڵ峹׶ڵ棡

Ľŭ𣬵ȴ޷ѶϵĹȴҶץߣһŹâӿҶڣ飬ǰ
ʱȥǣˣȻо˷̣һ򣬾ȻҪ죬ŴǾ޴ģ˿̵ǷϵĹڵϣͷɢǷһ˵ܷ裬һķҲˣͲ֪Цˡ
С̫˰ɣ¿ɰƷˣʦ֣Ǹô죿Ľ׵һ̧ͷʵ
ô죿㿴ʲôˣҿʲôǻǿȥȥҲʦ˼֪˷أ캣һЦ
˴ǵʦҲҶ⹫ˣҶ˾٣Ѿõ˵ϿɣƽҲΪ
ǣǲӦøǸǵԥ
ãʦԸˣһпԼ˽̣ǽ̲ǿߵģǸĻڱõӣ캣ҡҡͷתȥԶ˵ء
飡
ŹرգĻǷϵġĹڵϣҶҶ뻯أʱãɽԽ࣬ȵĿλţָָ㡣
⻯ر˴˲䣬Ҷɻķ֣أأȻûлҺֻǹͼڣʯϵµĲɣʮֵƴ˵һ㣬¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
ҪС⻯أ㿴ҶһһžӨĹâ˸ŹâȻͬһըˣըѵĿռ䣬Ȼһϸ΢
ӡǣ
⾹ȻеӡǣرΪʥأȻͬ죬ӡǣδϵĻҶ¶һĨ˷ܵЦݣҶǰҪż棬һȻͺá
ˣ㣬иö㡣
ϸ֮ĵĹâ˸ϸ֮ıȫóõһϸ֮ģ֬ѩϧһкΪϸ֮ģҴûҲ˳Ҷһ룬ʣһ㹻ĸףȴ룬ĸֻҪǮóһֻĸû¡
ϸ֮ģҶһͻȻ뵽ĸףɫòҰס
㣬ϸ֮ҵõһ£ϸ֮ĽһĻ˵˳Ҷ¶һĨοЦݣҶҵķб£Ҫĸ֪һʮָ˵ģߣ»˭ҿһˣ
ҶͦأӣҶ˵Цˡ
£⻯ӡǣ쾧ϸ֮һĵر֮£ҶܵΪͻͽΪǿ
㣬Ǽӣһɴ۾ƺŵӣǰһµľˣ쵰ҶüټһӺݻ󣬺ƮƮɵϢȫһʸ߹ĸˣ
˸𾪵ǣ˸ӿľԪƺǰ٣Ŀࡣ
˲ǱˣҶ磬ҶĸףҶϣ
ǰϸ֮ĵİ£ҶתѪƹⵤҩֱû뵽ҶøӷһԾ̤֮
𾪵ǣǾʾȻ仯𽥳Ϊʥ壡
ֻһ֮ʵ֮ǧ
ʥ壬һ·ûκ谭˵һ;һ˳壬ԶҲ޷ͨݣʥߣҲ
ʦ㣬ʮ겻ΪȻ˹ǿϲɺذҶЦ˵⣬ԭһ˿ǳ֮⡣
ǰʦãһζʮˣЩĿɺáصĵ
Ӵⲻʦ𣿽ôðһΪѾȥأһ°ͣͷխŮ߹ȵ̱ıʮֿš
סڣʦãŤͷŭǳסڣתԴǸĶҶϵʦòҪ⣬ʦҲûжģʦ㻹Լߣͨټڶӣ˵д£ʦôûһҪĸͨ
ҶЦЦʦȻͷƺãȻʦȴʹ˷Ź
ʦȥ߰ɣҲһһˡʦŮӴЦųǣҺһҶϡ



ڶٶʮһ üĸף£
ʦѩҶϣʦ㣬ѩĽ˱ΪãɽҶһֱ͡
꣬Ҷݷòãɽһۣѩ㿴ӣҵʱҶΪߣսܲãɽῡ壬²Ůķġ
ѩ֮һǣҶĻ̫أĲˣΪԷΪǿ󣬾ͷУҲԸޡ
պҶһ飬ʴѩҶϵжд̣ڱҶϣľٴηΪ˲෹Цϡ
ҶϢãɽѩɽϾһʢףʽҶϳΪѸ
ʦãʦĿԲɣŭҶױʮǾ壬˹ѣһ˫ŮһǷһ˵ƣʸһŵӣŶ㲻ϣ˵ҫˣ˿̱ʦöˣ֮£ŭⷭӿ
ʦ㻹һʦã˵ֱƷȥҪջƻ֮һպδнĵλˣѩһĨ̹ǵĺ⣬Ҷϴһս
ʦãʲô˼ѵĪΪΪС£Բ˳ΪͷңĶӲ裬һ˵㣡âĶ񾳵Ϊһţѹѩһͷ
ѩ¶ŭ⣬˵ʵδػڳֻ֣һͨˣʡű˵л
ӣѿˡԴǸĵҶϣӿ飬ƺصǸŮʱ
ҶϸмĿһۣû뵽֮ĸֿûΪµʴţתѩҷԲ㿴еֻΪǰ飡
ߣżЩѵң㣬޸Ϲӣûһɵ˴
ѩ񶾣ʱҶ˫һɫףԶ޷ֲʹ
ɴѩҵĶӲɴ±ûӢۺܣҶ԰ӵĳɾͣĸĽ
ǿЦżѵǲĶڼǸӵܣҶҵһûӢۺܣͲ֪ʲôӢۺܣ
ѩЦҵĴֶӷĽǬɵ߻ʣһΪĪ⣬СֶӾٷʮ꣬ʹﵽľأʦ㶼ҪǿѵǶǿЩЦ
ҶЩ˳ɻЦã뵽ǰͷĽڷìܣСֺĸ׷ִһѷһķĽ˵Ӣۺܡ
Ӣۺ𣿡Ҷ¶һĨЦݣ˵˵ǸСֶӷĽڣǰձһҶˣùڵҹǿ߳ûƿƣʹеӢۺܵڹڵҹ˵ǲǼأ
ᵽҶ㣬ҶϵȻȻ¶飬ѩûע⡣
ҶЦЦĿ⣬Ŀһ˼΢΢ͷ漴¶һĨοЦݡ
ǸҶڴ½ԣʮʺ򲹰ϵĵһˣ˵һӢۺܣСֶϲ⣬֪ԺյҶ㣬֣ߣȻһҶǶӺȲʵ̫ˣѩЦ
ˣ
˵ͨٴ죬㣬ѩһ࣬תҪǰͨ壬ҶϾȻû˵Ĵתתһǰͨ塣
ʲôѩüͷȵŮˣѾԹ޵˼£Ѿ㣬ǲɱ֣ɱһ˫Ůʲôŵġ
Ҷϵϲȥܵ𣡡
ߣȡ衣
ѩһ仰ת۶ȥ̤¥ׯ̤ͨ塣
ͨ壬ãɽ׷֮ףķ廷ƣ֮ƣסƽһȨƣ̤˲䣬ӯ룬˸еһ
뵵ķݣֲݣиޣ˵ãɽԴһ㣬ַḻֲҶ۾˸Сǡ
ҶϾ̾һϸĵĹͨ壬ʱһΣһαʣԴо˾Ͼ
ӡѩмĿҶһۣʱͨǿߣһһףƮѩһ棬ųȵĹâϽһεεӣǶ׸ۡ
Ǻڰʥʹƽյƽ𣬿˵ڲãɽڵλȻ˵ΪΪǿᣬѾִħ֮ͷһ֮ң
ȴڣѩȻϣԷܿԼһҹ䣬ҲЩ͸ɣΪΪҲǺͻġ
λҶˣߵŮǰ棬ڰʥʹͻȻͣסŲ΢ĵѩһϲΪһֱɫĺڰʥʹתӣ˵Ŀʱ򣬻һȻǿøҶϣ
ұǣʥʹˡҶصĺһܳĸо״ͨ壬ҲûкڰʥʹӭӵĶˣĸŷһѡ
һ̣ҶüĸоЩеŭƣһɨգҪͷ·ʱҲܰͦأΪиöӣüĺöӣ
ʥʥʹǸ˰ɣǸ壬޷ҪʲôǧҪļɱˣѩˣۿźڰʥʹӭӣʻʢٿҶһģƺڼƸһ㣡
ˣѩĪΪʥʹĿˣµİʥʹЦѩĿ⣬ڿ׳һ
ܵģǾ壬ķˣĶŮǷܱãɽΪĿ˵ģ
ѩҪˣҲţ˶ʮŮˣ񳯻Ȼͦţ̤ʥʹӭǺεȵ
Ƿ˭˵ģѩ˼˼Դ㶺ˣ˵ĶǷϾûгƵŵˣʥʹĵ
վһԵһĨâƺ뵽ʲô
ҶƼݡڰʥʹ΢ʾǸҪ˷ŵ̬ӭҶϣƽ׿ڽһҪʡԾԹ޵¡
Ķӵ˭ѵȵùҵֶӣĽƺͷĽڣѩ˲࣬һסǵĵ·ŭ
ĽڣѩĲʺٳֳˣҶ˵ĶӣҶ㣬ǸŷĽڹڵҹˣڷĽôǾʱö֪ˡʥʹ¶Цݡ
ʲôҶĶӡ



ڶٶʮ 
뿪ˣͨֻʣѩһˣԭأͬһ㣬ǸôˣôĶӡ
Ƿһ㣬ļŮ˱ӵĿһۣҲ첽̤ͨƺżƲϵһ
Ҷˣ˴ڴ䣬ҶҶ綼УƽѾԸǿѡ׷壬Ҫͨ壬Ҳԡʥʹһһ˵
ͨҲԣһǧͨһζͽʵϣͨżҲͽֻյͽܣʼ֮
Ҷ㱻ͨͽķΧ֪жߡҶҲֱҸ˵ĸо
ȻֻҪҶҶӦĸ׷嶼ԡʥʹͷ
֤֮أء
Ҷʯǰѳ˼ĿⶢʯڣѾʮһˣӡȻڣȴ޷
Ϊ֤
ʯ˸һֵĻ棬ȴ޷ճһ棬ƺ쾭һƬʱԺһѵĻ棬ȴ廭ĺ塣
ѵʯһ񱮣۵񱮣ΪϹŵ֧ƬϹŵ׷ʲôͻȻһоȻһǵļ䣬ǽĻ档
ֻ⻭ǲȱģΨһӰ֮ηıӰ
飡
һŴĿѪŽǸӰ£һǵͷҶ죬ػֻ֣ȴǧ
ҶһʶڱֳһѺۣŰϹŵʶٿʯڵʱȴеһжʧˣ
ôˣҶеĿʵ
û£㣬֪ϹŴս𣿵׶˭Ϊ˶ǿ߶ˡ
һʵҶʮãȻϹŵ飬ļƬʧˣҲ˵Ƿӡĳضλãʱ򣬲֡
Ҳ֪ЩܹġҶãȻҡͷ
һ̣ͼâӿս񱮵ıٴɣصǽϹâӿһƬĹâ糱ϫһ㣬ҶһĻ档
ˣ
ʯ˸һʯһƵĻٴչ֣һΣҶǰȻʵ޴ıӰΡĸɽǵӡǣϢ
ǿҪأǽҪָһ㹻ˣ¿磬˵ҲͶѡҶ㾪̾һɲӡͷӿ򷱶ࡣ
ѵĴ𣿹Ȼ⻯вһб񱮣Ҳ֤֮ءΪ񱮱ˣʲô񣬾񱮶ˣ˭Ҷͷ޾ʣȴ˻ش
ͻȻһƬƬĺۼʯаҶͷһûڣըһӿĵһ磬Ϊ硣
Ű꣡
һǧ꣡
һǧ꣡
һǧ˰꣡
ǧ꣡
ҶԪǣǰʧȥԪȫֲڵӿռٴŵǹأӯҶ磡
Ҫ磬ڣҶ㱩һȫչڽ񱮵֮һ˿˿Ϊϸ壬ǵϢƺ޾
񱮣׹ǣͭͼѪɱħ¾ɽʮսʶٶâӿ챦磡
ܾܵȻҪ磬ЩΪ֮Ҷ羪ȵȻҪ磬÷뷨
磬嵱磬ֻͬΪ壬һּΪΣյ飬ȴž޴棬һɹǰ;Ϊ磡
߲ʵĹâţֶһ磬һ˿˿ϸʮۣÿһ˿̺żΪӴ
磬ڣҶһȻ֮ɫ񱮵Ҫͻԭľ磬Ҫ׳١
ˣˣ
翪ʼƺڱҶںϣر涷ޣâأʹǰܵ磬
ʵⱬҶڣʯһȻ䣬ѹ磬ڱס
ʼںϣʹݣ糹壬Ϊһ֣
飡飡
֮ҶÿһٶӰһһ
̫ˣΪٴͻ˲˵Ȼ׳٣Ҷ˷ܵ§סҶ㣬һʱ䲻֪α

Ҷص³һһƬá
ҵΪһͻƞ죬ֻܸоȱʲôѵ̫𣿡һᣬҶԴʹ
Ҷһ㶣վߵҶ֮أܹʯڣҶǶһ棬Ҷһ档
˿ʯڣ滹еĺۼһ棬Ҷ񱮣ĺۼȫգ˵ڡ
ôܣ㣬ĸôҡˣ֮£ҶһĸҲǵһҡʹøȣ©콵ʱ򣬻ħһΪ
ϲõͬһͱˮҲ
ʲô˵ҵĸҡˣֲãֲãķңоͬΪ޷ٽһҶ̾Ϣ̫ˣ˲ӣ߻ħ
㣬õģֻǳħ˵½һ񵤣ΪħֻҪõħȶΪһҶ㰲ο
ҶЦż˵ãɽϾУֻɽŵҪȡʦŵĵҩ֮ģҪһΪֵĶҲ˵һ񣬻ȡӦĹֵ⹱ֵҪĵҩ
ԲãɽЩȤˣո̤죬ҪʵսֻʵսõĹʵãɽһԶʩչһ滹ܻȡֵԼҪĶ
ǣΣյģҶüǵ
зִģοѾ̤죬Ժ͞ǿˡ㣬ͲҪˣڲãɽɢɢģȻ˷ңǿҲǣ㣬Ҳ׼䣬һңȡħ˵
Ҷ֣صҶεĵͷʮοĳˣ֪ˣ֪۰ˣ
СӰŶ󰡣Ϳʼܽˣߺߣˣô죿Ҷ糤һЩӵѹһɳ࣬һƬá
ҶοĵͷЩĸˣվ˵㣬Ǹûȥˣ˵ĸѾȫˣ˾ϲǣĸĳߣΪһǿأ
޷ĸ׽ԲգһգǰãɽãǲãɽӷһЩԼɲˣûʱɵг񱨳꣬񣬱ܻñ꣬ܵõãɽֵ
̤ãһľƵڴڣǱꡢֵɨһָۣǣҩһҩ˵ı㡣
ͻȻĿһһĨȡ



ڶٶʮ ɱ
񣺴ɱԬܡ
꣺
ֵǧ㡣
ͣ
һŹâţҶУһϵеϢӿԺ
Ԭܣǵһǿߣ죬齨Ϊǿ׻Ա󽫣ǞΪ
ֻҪժ£ͽ˽Ϣ֮ΪԼԭŻȥҪ۳һֵꡣʱһϵƹõ׿硣
Ŷ涨Ҷ㵭Ц涨ȻҲóȻĵһأʱλδֱ֣ѡ֮󣬲˵һҲֱ˵ĸо񣬶˵һָĥ
һö㹻ȹΪҪħҪʮֵãֻҪ񣬱Իá
׿˸һĨ⣬ҶƬ̣Ż֪˵Ҷ㲻˵ǻ
ʵϣֻаãɽ룬ֻҶǸһʾޣڴ½ǣδǱԤ⣬һ棬ĸױǲãɽ֮ˣ⹫һϷϵ֮£ȻԵõûе
ǣһûʵլڣһլӵĻȻͬķڣƵķһ˿ӵӣڷⲽ
ǵıǣ˫˸ӣ޲
˭Ҳ벻ǵˣûլӵˣȻסôһİķ䣬ȼӣԬܡ
߬һ壬ڷⲽ̵ۼȫòһ㣬ƺھ岻ıʲô顣
ԬͻȻһॣȻҿһӰವһ³ڷڣһϮ£ݱϣ峤ࡣ
ϡĹ
Ԭ߬ԥΣڵŽУȥ۹
ʲôˣҪⱦǺľֵܵŵֵģѵǾã䣬ƺˡ
סڣ飬Ҫָָ𣿡ԬɭȻ¶Ȼ֮ɫȥһ˿󣡡
ιתȥ
˵ô𡭡ȥıӰԬĵ޾̾Ϣ
˿̣լվһˣӢ¶⣬ĿⶢǼĺڵķң¶һĨ̵Цݡ
Ҷ㣬ڽӵ֮Ǵ¸˹λ˺۹Ľ磬һΪҪĵλãֻСǲһһԬƹܣ֪һΣΪҪ۹á
ǽУҶĿȻһĨ궯ƺʮõ
飡
Ȼ򿪣һɫӰ뷿ڣԬһȻһ۽һĨ⡣
ŵĻ㶼ˣ֮ʱȻʱҶſòü˫ޣǵ˷
Ҳƭ˵ġҶ㵭ҲµĲǽУصһͨͼɣ
֪Ҳͨˣţãɽĸ֣ǲһֻϧ֮ǰǸСһ֡Ԭһ漴ƽƺѾ϶Ҷضڴˡ
ϻ̫ˣɡҶЦ̤죬սǰǿ󣬴к͞ľǿһƴ֮⣬ʱǴõĻᡣ
죿ѣڿҶΪɲǣԬ¶һĨмЦݣ˫趯һʯӰɡ
챮ħ
ʯĹâɨǽڣɵķ˲仯ΪҽһҫŴĿâʯȻ䣬ĿҶ㣡
ҶĿһ챮ȻǵϹԷ񱮣񱮵Ӱû뵽ؼ
ֻһֻɫȭͷֱӴգӰ
ߣҵʯӰֿԣԬЦһӰڿвһ£һ£ƿյȭͷڴӰɲǣ۵һȻը飡
ȭͷʯ飬޾ײһ̣ƽǶǿ߿һŲĹâ
ȻҪɱ
ҵ죬˭ıӵΪǷ켫ʯӰǸһж֧Ųס
˵ʵһ˵ģ

ʱլѾǿߣ͸⣬۷׷ףǲмΪԶ޵еĻ
ϢѾ˲̫࣡ͨ磬һݱ磬ͨҶһζ䡣
˿̣ͨͨ壬磬壬һɲûܿڸʲô˵Ŀ⾡֮ɫ
ôܣ⵽ʲô̥
ǰڣҵ죬һﵽ˭սˣԲͨˣף£ǡ
Ҷ㣡һҶ㣡սǿߣ½Ҷ㣡û뵽Ȼɱ
Ҷâӿͨ壬ϣ֯µĵ壡ӵһӯͬɢҫ۵Ĺâ˿̣ҶҶ㣡
飡飡飡
ȭͷȻ£ʯӰ͵һͣȻ֮ϱ죬ĿĽâ
ʯӰɱʣ񱮣ʯ죡򣡷⣡ɱ
ĸ֣޾ɱӿ֣ʯӰâȻҫ֮ÿһ֣ȸһ֣ɱ֮һ֣ɱ˼£
طռҶеԼƺıס˿˿ƵĹâ䣬סҶ壬ľԪɱҰȻɱʴʶ
ֵǺֹƺ;ϣĸоҶͭǽڣ޼᲻ݣԪ˿԰룬οСɱʲô̤ɱѪ̶ᱻɱסǣ
ߣӰҪˣһսȭͷȻ
һ򷨣
䣡
һը죬ؿʼǵǿ߾ס˺𾪵ĿǷأ˿̣Ȼ綹һ㣬һȭƿһ
ʲôСսǿ˹ߣ㻹۵úܣ޵Ȼſڣ³һƬɫ⻪һŽɫĴ쵽أȫ᳹Ȼѹ
ʯӰڿдһҫ۵Ĺâɱ־£ķֵĻϹâӿҪҶɸʬ
ֶΣ㣡֮Ӱڿʼ͹ˣŲͨҶȻʧԭأڰͼʹŲͨͬʱ֮£ٶȿ쵽˼¡
ͬʱĳһֻ֣ڱ˲񷣬ɫĹâɫĻ棬ʯӰץ˹



ڶٶʮ ͼһ
飡
һ죬޵ĽâǱһпһ㣬ƿ룬ŲͨʩչҶγʯ֮ǰ͵ĳһ֣
ʯӰӰӱĵ÷飬Ȼըѣ޾ķŶ籬ըһ㣬еҶֱȻ塣
ȭһ򷨣

ȭٿգ޼᲻ݣﲻƣĴ־һ˲価Ҷȭ飬ʯĹâȥ㱻ˡ
ɣˡһֲڣ
ʯӰǾ񱮵֮꣬ʱȻžȴû飬˿̿񱮵龹ǱԬߡ
⣬ʲôطӰ꣬ѵǴ˵е쾭ϵط
˾Ŀ֮£ʯҶĴץУɫĹâɲǼȥʯӰ֮󣬱㲻ٷ
Ҷؾ֮Уӳӯ磬ʹһϼʥأ֮أȻ֮ķﾡãһ˿Ǹһ㡣
Ҷ֮˽һ쾭֮󣬺ȻȻ쾭أ
Ԭܱ鷴ɣһѪ־ĿҶ㣬ʯѾʮ꣬ƳԵбرȴû뵽һ֮Уž޴ƱƣɫĹâȫͨʵ̫£
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ԬڳԱ֮ɫʮѿ˫ּ両һھ޴ĺӣ֮أѤҹա

Ƶķٶ֣֮󣬾ʶеմ½еõıƬ֮󣬷ٶĴ
ٶ΢΢ĪܣӲ纣ںԬ֮ܶУâĺˣԬҲÿѪ
죬ҵ죬սʵ̫ˣΪĶ֣ôˣ
ǰµĲսǷ𶦣أʵ̫ˡ
ɫĺӣɣ죬͵سѹȥҶıһ𣬹âҫۣҹһ
ߣҲˣڱȡ֮ʱҶһץһ֮âɡ
Ҷң޾ӿ룬һĿĹɣϼҫۣ֮ɣڻ¡
ʲô⵽ʲôʥΪڸһֵɲǣҸܵǵϡˣ
⣬置ʥôϣҵ찡˴ʧɫһ־壬֮Ϲ𣬼ڽգҲǣһǿߣʮη塣
֮Ҷ㣬ѵɱ𣿡Ԭɫһ䣬ͨ徧Өץƺһ˿ǣ־塣
ݣ
һƿնһ磬͸գƲ񷣬¶־壬һѾɱ
գصֱȡԬܵԴһ𱦶ȥƾ޴
Ԭɫһ䣬ɫȻֳֻӣȻɨգâɣҫ۴Ŀռ䶼ŤˣգѹĻɱ
Ȼǹչ⣬Ȼţһײڻ֮ϡ
ۣ
ӹâһȻ飬ԬֳܵǻӾӨ屻ըмɷԬܵɫòҰס
ÿ£رȻըʲôֵܵס֮һҶ㵱ֲһֻʮܹѹˡ
۷׷ףԶԶ˱˳ȥ¾ⳡĪС
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ҶЦⶢԬܣ䣬ڿһڶٴͬʱһ˹
ԬһֲʩչµСŲ֮ͨ䣬ٴ󣬴ݵأ͸գϱڣΪڶ
ǸոտʼԬܣҲֹڴˣҶЦҪһս۷壬ǰԬܲһö֡
ٴο貣ɴﵽ֮⻪죬һգһ˳ǹζѪ̶ɣ͸գ˳ȥ
ÿµѪһҪ˳Ҳ㲻ˣ
˾ǵľ磬񷢲¶־֮ɫԬܸһһȻܹȥǹâȴķռ䡣
һжýˣɣҶŭһ񷣬ɱȥֲ쳣͸գվ
䣡
Ԭܵ۵׿Ψп־壬Ъ˹أȻâѾ£һ˿ܵĻᡣ
һֳ̣ͷֻϧͷ޼£ΪâѾըݹӿ壡
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ǰһβãɽӴɱһΣҶİ˲ãɽԲ٣ͨսµֶΣֻҪʱ䣬ǬʮʶĶ֡
۷׷ף¶־֮ɫΪҶֲֶ̫񷢲
ɢȥһҵʬ嵹Ѫ֮УȱȫҶ̤һͷ­֮ﳤȥЩ˵Ǳ澴ЦǸɴ֮ˣһЦ֮ΪЩ۷壬ΨһµµΪˣŻǿ߲Ľʺ޵
Ŀ껹ǵͨͼѾ֣ߵĽУǵͨͼ
䣬ʧ˵ҰУ׷۹ķϴһĨӡǣһ·׷ٶȥ
뿪֮ͷеƺʲô׷˽ʹٻسһ̽
߽ǧ֮ʱ֮УһӰʱѾǷεĳ˸ŵĹâӰʮͻأڵһηƣһۣҲ¶һĨġ
ôż߸ʲô
·еĺȿڣ䣬һ
ѣҲǹͣҲ޶Թи㡣֪еҪԣʴ˷ŵ̬
˽ת壬˫üޣǣ޺øУȻٿ۾˲䣬¶־壬˫ǣƺǰûκܣ
Ҷ㣬׷Ҷ㣡
㵹أΪУԬܣͷ­ҵϣҶ㵭һԬܵͷ­С
ʲô㡭һûڵأû뵽Լ׷ˣȻѾ촦Ǳǰɱ
ߣϻˣѺùɣҶĳһƣݹܹ࣬ܵ˵ģһڵأ
ͨͼƿУâҫֺۣϢҶһȴĻһΣĿһ
һۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ҫϵķ֮ʱһɾʹϮ·һ㣬Σ
ͨͼ֣һ΢΢죬ͼһʵ䣡



ڶٶʮ 
ͨأصķ޲ͨͼӣɰʵϵӡǣҶĻŭš
˷ܵǣܾԭأΪأʹøƣ´͵Ϯиİգа취͵Ϯͨλߡ
ֻǣǺַ䣬ΪģҸκΣҶҡͷЦر仯Ī⣬Ҷη
ͨͼغһ𣬿һ۵ѪеҶﳤȥ
ãɽá
û׿翴ҶӰɫһףЩӲҶȻսǶȴǞ۷ǿߣԬϵǿ󷨱֮
˿оۼ˺ܶӣѡ񣬵ǿҶ֮ʱ¶һĨ棬Ԭֶζǰһλǿڵõ֣ȴû뵽³
ϣ𣿡ҶЦɱ֮ûֱӻãɽ;һɽͨͼãɽӾѱԬɱ
Ϊ治ȻԬܵӳˣ
¿λǲãɽҫһߣȻҰɽţվǸ¬ɪûнܹʦ̵СӹҼңһ䡣
۷׷ףЦм񶾣ϣҶʹɡ
ҶʦֶҪᣬֻʣǷ񣿡׿絭Ц˿ʵ롣
飡
һͷϣһɲ˵ɫ˲䣡
Ԭܵͷ⾹ȻԬܵͷ
ţḀֹ̊́ɱԬܣɹͷ­⾹Ȼʵ
ҺûеҺãҺãִֻʺϽѣǵ˵جΣ
һ̣˻ϲ˳ĹâһڵЩ˵дա
⡭⾹ȻԬܵͷҵ죬ѵĲΣ׿һͷ­˰Σ
̧ͷҶ㣬˵ԬɱģдŲ֮⣬ĴڣȻһո̤ɱˣǺεȱըԵš
ȻҶ¶һ˿΢Ц˾ȣ־ı飬һɵĳɾ͸УЩһһҪ񣡡
Ҫ񣿡׿һеžһڵأˤ룬ոһ׼ڻҪӣʲô
һҵʱܱģ
ǹ׿ǧֵѾ뿨ϣҪڴ˵һᣬȥȥá׿еһŹ׿֮Ըȥȡһö
⹱׿ӨɫӨ͸עһžԪ֮󣬿ϸǧĿ
Ŀһͬ׼ֻЩ⡣
ȡÿһۡ
꣺һö豬
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֣Ҷ΢иݣһɱӣ޶ΪߣǞǿߣ˵֮һλǿ߻Ҫ
豬ҲǸöһջķᰡ
񣺲ǡ
꣺޵
ֵǧ
ˢˢ
Уâһţ׿ɴ۾׼񣬲˵֣ǲޣҲǿȞǿߣ˵ҶɱԬܣ̺żڡ
һԬںҶս֮ǰܹͨǿߵһָδȬҶһ£һҶ㿪ʼһ֣סԬܣη壬ԲŽҵʤ
ȷҪͬʱҪ֪һ˾Ͳܻͷˣǽһ񣬾ڣҲлأһΣûС
ѵѾ֣Ȼڻ¡Ҷ㵭͸¶޾š
ʱȺѾۿˣҶ˾ʵ̫䶯
ҿҶ㲻Ƿ˰ɣǽδй飬ѵҪʦ֤
Ȼսʦľ̫Զ˰ɣʦǿǷһ֮ڣضȫɣʹĵԽԽᶨԽԽǿʶ֮һٳΪʦ֮һ

ĿⲢûֹͣһһľϣƵľʺ죬Ⱥһ㡣
ͨͼ
꣺һö
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Ҷһ㶣ͨͼãɽȻͨͼֻϧ˭µģ޷Ϊ˵Ϣϸܡ
ͨͼӦûһˡҶаǱʶһͨͼһ֪ͨͼԴ
˭˵ֻˣҲˣľӣҶ΢Ц
ʲôҲӣҵ죬ѾʮˣÿһȥҿѾսٿ£ǲǸɵϣͨͼȣһ
Բа̵ģҪǵõͨͼһ͵֣в򣬾ĻԵҶ
Ⱥе˽ҶǷһ˿Цʧ˵ڡ
ԭɫĲݵؽ񷣬һ޼ʣһɫӰ̤ڲԭϣһβͲݣ̤࣬档
֣˵һαûҲûԶһֱ𡭡ɫӰüдżֻϲҶ㡣
һմ뿪֮֮رչգ̤֮ããԭ׷Ѱֵټ
ǣ˽죬ûҵֵټ̤ڲԭ֮ϣŴ˵ط飬ޱȳ죬Ϊ֮ǰӹ̣̤۷֮
ľѾƽȣһ̤죬ȴƿ
ƽľڲԭ̤࣬ջĶ࣬ȴҲܲĹؿڣһ˿ж׽
磬⼸ոһƱʵģһѪ޹飬ҺĵһӵĴһɫԲ԰ףǴ󲡳˫ӥһӣ
֮ǿѾˣ˵Ϊ󽵣ֱֵΪһ죡
磬һʵ̫³çˣֵΪ󽵣Թ˭ߣˣЩɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ӵû̻̲աһӿ˿˿ѪȻ˲ãûȬ
ڸԹʱ˵λǿߣһر·˵أǸӦȫ޸ƣ֣ɱ˶ᱦ
ҶˣȻʧɫΪѰҵ֣ǰƽɱ˷Żˣһλ۹ǿߣ˭֪ǿ߰ϻ﷭ɱǣĻɱһˡ
ǺãʱǼһ·˵֮ʱһ֣֮ƣ£ɱ˶ᱦϴĶĵͷ
ȻһĻȴû뵽ڰ˸һĨǵĺ⡣



ڶٶʮ ŵ֣
ֱǿߣ˶Ҫһҵλ磬һΣõһҪǿ߽һЩ͡
Ȼ֮أȳ֣ĿԣǸɮһˣһö˵Ȭһ
һ죬˫֣ҶվڼԶ֮أĿһĻܾˣֵʱ
䣡
â죬ڽ֣һ壬ΪΪǿ󣬾Ȼѽѷ֡
˵Ϊ²ڞ죬ǿƺѾһֻ̤ˡҶ㰵𾪣˵Σͼҵһ˿
ǣĿȴһͣȻһӰڰӰ˸ĹâƺڸסϢ
ȻҲںҶͬͷҪˡ
ʱ˵սѾȻҶڹ۲֮⣬עλǿߣ˵ϣܵһ˿ֵĸо
ǲôĪϤϢʮ֣˭أҶɻ󣬾ʱһ
ֺͬʱֿһѪ˼о¶ɫ
֣ѵǻˣұ¶֮ɫ˿ܵ˲ᣬΪڞ۷֣֮ҲĶ֡
ȻѴ˴֮ʮȫʹףλٴ͵ϮֱӰˡ
ңҰɱˣ˭֪ɱ˵ΪҺż㣬ҲҸġ¶̵Цݡ
ǵȻƾһܴСӣλߣЦЦ˵ָöס
㡭ã
䣡
ͬʱ֣׺ȻըһըҲ䲻⣬ܹ㿪ġ
ͣ
һĿĹâһĨҫ۵ĹâǱը֮Ȼ⣬ֵֻֿˣǽֹâ貣
۹ǿߣҶĿͻȻһ뵽ӵݣɫȻһ䣬ǰɱԬ֮ʱϵ۹˷ǲǿ߳·ʮΣòҶע⡣
۹ڳﱸʲô£˵ǺͨͼйأƺͨͼҪĵر鵤ҩĶ󣡵ǹϢΪΪа죬ȴϤҶ㰵ֹͷȷۡ
ȥ۹ǿߣ۹ǿΪԼ£˿͸ȴû֣ڼԶһ˫ӣһһ
ô濴֮ҶһǰĺȻǸĨɱȻڴ˵أеͷƤ顣
ôܻţҵʱʩչطľԪôܻϣѵ֮ٻĲлꣿ
Ҷʧɫǿ֮ʱûп־壬Ȼɱ֮ʱһ⣬ӦôڵӣȻˣǺֲֿ飡
Ǹɫһ˿ЦΪȻڞ۷֮˿
ʱսѾȻһֿУȻǿ󣬵ڲͣǰҲܴӦԣһ֡
֣˲壬Ǭ½û֮أŭͬʱĳһƣâţȲԭϵչ⣬ҫ۶Ŀȳ
壿ֳǧ꣬δıǵ壬οǬ½㣬һССң⻰˵δ̫˰ɣҪĳ֦ңϴЦΪǿڴ½϶ܶһ棬ļĳңᱻ˷Ϊ̫ϳϣֻϧǸϲܵǿߵѹơ
磬αظϻǾͳ֣˽ߵϵĵ̸Ҳ׿Ȼɫ
ɱħ󣡡
ҶĿɨӣҳڵӺǰӵкֲͬǣѰҶ֮ʧˡ
ȷǰڣȻ۹ӣӣ֮ǰӣΪϲ֮ͬ⣬Ŀ⣬һģһֻһĨųһ˿Ӳ



ڶٶʮ ٴնɱ
Ҷһкţʹ˷ֿɲǣ۶ȥʮսͬһ㣬Ȼ£ɱ֡
飡
ɫһңͬʱĳһƣʡһͺȻȥͬһˣͷ֣Ҳĺ
ߣǵһ첲Ҷһʮսûһ˿ͣͣƷȻըѣâĿһѪ֣
ֱһҺ첲𣬶Ҷĳһգ첲У
ޣҶ㣬ڵΪʲôԹ޳ΪҪҵΪնȥһ۰򣡡
ٶȷסֹѪ̴̹ǵĺ⡣
ΪʲôֻҪ˵һ۰ֻǮƣΪ֡Ҷ΢Ц
ʱǸѾȥȻ֣ûȡ
֮ƣλĞǿߣȻ䣬ҪӵУӵĿҶϣ۷ź⡣
û뵽㻹ţҶ㵭ڣ˿̣ȷȻϣΪǣͻλ֮⡣
ûɱ㣬ôȥӵ¶ЦݣЦɭ䣬һֻ綾ߣʱҧһڣԷء
ɱһΣɱڶΣһαɱɥ֮Ȯģһɻһվעҵ°֮ܽ꣬޴Ӹı䣡ҶޱĻֶһǰˣһлɱɼĿ£ȻҶĻ°ܽ
ʲôˣΪĪҲǞ죿
Уһնȥ˵ֱۣ˵ǿֲΪʮ񽣣ԺɨȺۣ˱ضͨˣ
ãɽһǲãɽӣǰЩӲãɽеӴɱҵȣȻɱҲˣ˶ȻǲãɽӣΨȴڣھ½־¶־֮ɫ
˶ȻǲãɽӣֻˣãɽȻǵģԷ׷λȥǿߵټסϴЦţ¶һ˿̹ǵĺ⣬૵ǵĳҲ˵ģգؽֻؽ֮衭
ֵμʧҶ㵭Ŀһۣһ˿Цûȥ׷
һǣһ˿ļʣ˲ҲһҶиһֹĹǾǲ񹦣ֻȹ֮ˣ֮ٴٶ죬Ϊ̤۷֮
񹦣㾹Ȼ֪ߣ֪Σձض˵أӼЦҲҪһ֣
ֲаϢԭ㻹񹦣񹦣񹦣㵱ǵΪ·ɶҶһ˲ĹΪԵƫţͨȫһ񹦸ûйãԷһУᱻա
񹦵ĺôڲΪΪٶȳʼα֮֮ˣվᱻűû߾磬豹棬һаͷŸɾ
ҶһΣΪλҪ£һ˲񹦣Ҳа취ЩҪĵģڣҪĵ⣬ҵ飡ҵãҲһ
ӷЦгϷʣƺѾԶҶ㣬ȴ֪ʩչʱһһΪѱԷϤ
Ц֮ҶŭЦɺ͵һֻϧȻΪԵҶ㣬նɱһε
񾭣Ҷһƺ뵽˲񹦵ĳ۹ֻֻϹţ˵˹̫а޳ȴ뱻ʱطιɾ񾭣һһطǲ񹦡
뵽һη⳾ʷҶ¶һ˿õЦݣջķᣬ˵һ񣬻пܵõһӣҳ˻⣬⴫񾭣
ѾżˣҶЦһٶǰ֮չһǧԪȼա
ߣΪȼԪЩѾ֪һУϤһзµõ֮Ҫ˵η̵ٶˣ
ӵ¶һ˿ЦݣиһսڿУӲӵĹâǹ̫Ĺԣҫ۵Ĺʤ貵⣡
̫񴬣ⱦ̤̫ȥ̫𣬲ƶɵ⡣
飡
ʱҶ㶯ˣ޷Ŵƻֺ֮ƺһλλͷһ
ȭգգһ£ս֮ϣ
̫Ƶսˡһҡâƺʱըһ㡣
ʱҶĵڶȭٴκսâȻһһɼ׵ѺۣɫһңҪԼĵⷨջأû뵽Ҷ˿¡
飡
ȭȻȭûһ˿ͣͣһεȭͷһḥ̂˸ųɫĽâͬѪһ㣬Ȼ¡
꣡
Ȼɢսһըѿ޾ϸмѪһ㣬׷£ɫһңȻһ޾ĺȻ֮⡣
ôˣսսΣ˿£ܣǻ游ִҵı£յľȻڴ˿̣һļһɷ飬⻹𡭡
ѪڵϣʮҡȻһ˲â壬ͨ壬ľȫǧ˿˿ƵĹâͬɽѣռһ㣬ʽʩչ
ߣ˵ɱ׼ҶЦһУһ̤Ʊ仯ͨ壬磬ȻȻʩչƿ˺ѡ
ȼλߵսԷһйˮ¾һ㣬֮ƣͷϣٶǰתַڷҫ۵ĹâԴˮˮǲͣ룬˲һȭ
ۣ
һ̣һеһУͬȻըѣһɾ˺ƣŭһƿգһץһץסӵĲӣ
꣡
һѹ֮Ѫ֣
һ̣ڼԶۿһĻһֲĺ⣬Ǟǿ߾ȻŤ˲ӣ
һӵĲŤϣ
һŰĹâӿ¶һĨ̹ǵĺ⣬˲ʧȻҶĴٴһץŹâȻУ
۹ĻӣưǬɴ޵ȻѾ䣬ķ壬飡
εȵĿֲ
εȵײУ
ûݴʱ𾪵飬ǲһǿߣѾһǿߣǿʵǰûһ˿һķʵ
˶ɵˣǸӦΪһͿǵֱۣпʱ˿̣һ˿֮Ķûˡ
־Ĺâǰʵ̫ˣֱһ֣ޣͲˡ
Ҷ㣬½սֻ̨ҪһעԻ̤ͣ߾磬մ㣬Ϲۡг޾̾Ϣ
𣿰񾭣ҳҶȣһζμʶҶУĹâһ̣ѾĹؿڣ㹻򣬱ܰշ
ףƺҲΪ񾭣׺ΪŽк֪Ҷ̾Ϣһӵ걻ѹûֱĨɱΪĨɱ󣬻ٴ顣
Ҷõ񾭲ԵĲֻ֣һֲ񹦣񹦵ķ֪ȴ岻֮أ֮˵궼½ƣãҲܱʳȻҲУֻһΣһûйۿ񾭣Բûб½ƣҲҶһˡ
Ҳù˰ɣҶĿԶˣ¶һĨЦѾŹǣȴû뵽ǲ֪ϧǾԹˣ

飡
ƣĳ֮飬Ѫ֮Уг˲˼ɫȻȴ޷˼ˡ
˵ͷ­Ҷתȥǰ޳ȼΪðСʱͨһ֮նɱӵȼˣ˵һ񣬻õ˲񹦵ؾһöֿϵĶƷʾԲˡ
޳
ɭ֮Уһͷ룬鲼ܵƬâ˸ɭȻǹ룬ҲƿۼףۼϼΪ֮ǰͷ­ȴֻ֮ǣ˲׽ֻԲ֮ƬȻҪصȻ˫ǣ˫ǡ
ô£ÿֲϢڶɭߵҶ㣬ߴ¡¡֮ƺҰ޷ȥ
֮ҲɭͳߵϢ
ÿµޣޣؽ˵ءҶҡͷЦܵԼڲ
ҺҴѰҵֻǲ˫ǣҪ˫ǣǧ޲УȻǧĴһĸûО죬ͨλߵʵҶͷͻ֣аҪͨλʵĲޣΪҪµöࡣ
һͷΪޣ൱һλ۷֮ǿߣӣҲδĶ֣ͨǿߣһ֣Ҷûл֮ǵƾпѡ
ΪСɱһжƾʵ˵ҪҩǿֻҪģս޽У׺쳣Աġ
໡𡭡
һ쳹ʵĺ֮ҶĿһޣǲ޵Ľ룬ʮ㣬޲
һͷˣҶμۣԶԶһͷļһʱ·Ծۣʱз裬ɫƬѪһη壬һ˫֮ͷ­էҶһ
Ų޺䵥һͷֻОΪԵ֣һϲȻжȥҪֻɱһ
߾ҶսףȻһȣһͬͷһȭͷ۾Цݣƺ˵С࣬㾹ȻҴҵķɢ
һ˫ǽһãҶһʮսſԪ֮£ٴ¡
顭
ӶըڴһϣȻҶ𾪵ǣսɱϣȻûкǼӲƬ
⣬ôܣҶ۷ź⣬ɲǣȵһͲ㲻κζҵ𣬻ղһ
ս֮ɫĻ棬һŹâӿɭԷɣҵϢ֯Ż棬ͨ壬磬Ҷеһ˲չֵ쾡¡
֮ǣ־ڱصãǰͷΪО죬Ϊ̤һѵս飡
໡
սϵĲϢòŭһɱҰò޵ۼ׳ȻԾڿУҶŭ̾ʮɳ壬β˹



ڶٶʮ ħ
žžž
βɨҶĲܿռסһ㣬ƺһβ֣֮ƺһ·
Ҷ㲻ͣƽβЩ򣡡˵֮ʱҶҽţ͵ǰһ̤ʱһ֮죬ҶΪģܷӣɲǣȻ֮죬Ƿȫ飬ͬƽһ㣬Ȼը顣
飡
ҶȭͲ޵βͶһ죬һľβҶϣ죬һβɨ쫷籩Ǿβڱɳȥ
Ȼ⻹û£Ҷٴ̤һһԽĳβ̧ͣıȻһƣǲһ㲻ȥȫɫƬ˸ĿĹâ
𾪵ǣһƣȻƬϴһǳǳİۣ
һˣ֮⣬޵ۼ׿ǳƿں֮УâҫۣѾƽ
ŭһͷ­ϵ˫ǲ£¡¡֮صƺٻ
ɫĹâһƬŸĹâһȣ͵ļ۶ķӿּΪˡ
ҶĿһ޵ʵ̫ǿսԿö֮ͻ·磬ңŭ֮ٻ飬ҶΪв޳֣Ƕ֡
ಣ
ʱͻȻּӰɭɭмۣĿ¶׹⣬Ҷɱ˹
ޣһ޼壬˴ͷһͬɱ
һʲôʲôŻڵģû뵽Ƭ̣ͷ޳֣ĿȻǺͷһġ
ͷϣ֮չУǷͽһᣬҲΪľɹƶ
ͷޣҲǵľԪܹһµľءҶ¶һ˿΢Цʮս˸
𡭡ŭ𣬾ۼһзɭȻĹâնɱҶͷಣͷּ伲ۣʰΧ֮ƣ巽ɱ
ˣ
ĿҩҶڷڣҶܵ޾ͷѾɱֲϢ𶯣С޾𣬻æѡ
ΪѾܵ޷ŭˣһƬɭֵİ޾ȻŭˣȻǸġ͡Щ޲֮ĿеǸϢڽԪһĨηϢ
ҶкâţȻһָƿһָİȫչ֣һָڴ˿̷ӵ쾡£л̺һĨ˵Ϣ
ۣ
һͷһͣ˲䣬ҶȻܷɳȥһս͵ؿ˹ȥһƬǶ޵Ĳϣ
һ̣ͷһ٣¶޿־֮ɫµıƬһܹƵÿģȻҶһָָ絶ƿķսҵϢ壡
ˣ
¶̣һȣƽĿһͷޣĲһỊ̃Ľֻ̤ƺڿϵطĪӿӵ˫֮УâЩķĲͣ䶯˫иƬƬķĻԲһâ˵һ
â̱һɭϢɢڲ޵󣬸ֳһӰӰ˫趯ƺڲǵâҶɱ
֮û뵽Ĳ޻ʩչȿֶΣҶһ侫âҩѾ߷£ܵĹؿڣƺһͻƶϣ
ҶЦ֮ץϣЦϣҾ乭˭ܵסңҽ̤죬û赲ˣ
˿̣޻͵ڿնϣ˫ϵĵâȻ䣬â֮£ԵرɽݣأһƬɭ֣Ҳʼ
ƺ֮Ϣ֮⣬ǿĴڣһ̣޺ľһһΪ˸Ҷ㣬ΪѾ񾳵̤һµ
ݣ
Ҷ񹭣𶯣ˣⷽҲǵס޷Ĳ֮
һžâ͵âһ𣬻ǱŷȻأҫˣԲ֮˿·磬ԽսԽǿʮǿ
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ߣƣƣƣҶսףٴһȻؼӿ˲
Ĳѹһռ䣬ͷĿԥǰһеģҪݶ£֮置ʥһʮǿ
ۣ
âӦ飬˫һҶսȻ£һĨ𾪵ĹâֻҶ㵭˫һã
𡭡޷ŭѪһľȻ˿ȥȼд۶̲˫ڣȴնȥŭ֪
ҶȴûȡͻƵ죬ʱˣֻѰˣĿһ۴Ĳޣתȥ໡ͷ޾ҪܶסҶȥ·ȴͷ޺ֹĿһҶȥıӰغͻ˵ЩʲôҶȥ
ˣħõˣٺ٣һأ㶨Ȼ̤ͨ죬ԺڲãɽĿɽǽˣ
Ҷ˷ܵ뵽ڽ㡢ĸף˽ģһǷ¶̫࣬һҪֲܵ˺
ãɽá
һӰ֣һ̣÷ˣ˿ҶĿ⣬ǲм£ȻˣȻû
ƼƮҵϢҲЩʱգοӵһΪ̤죬б仯ĪֶΣڴ½ҲԺնɱǲ޸ǿ£ǱΪҶһģңǻͬޣһһõ˫Ǽǲܵ顣
ͨͼǿҪõıһҶɵģЩǼ׼ڸ̫á
٣Ҷֻˣ޹ǽģ糾͵ӣ֪һ޳ɡ
Ŀܣһֺӣĺ˲ˬһΣòƵ͵ˣûɣĽˣͼñﻻȡͷ˵޷Ϸ⹫ûҲֻǸС顣
ǵȻıӣ˸ǣ񲻹С飬Ȼ겻ɣպҲãɽҲעǸЦ˴ǿ԰һΪãͬһ飬ߵĵطˤָоſɣǻӣˬ죡



ڶٶʮ ٵԤ
۷׷ףдżЦƺ϶ҶĻͨϵͷһͬ£мܹɣǳ˵
ôѵǷˣ׿ЦЦĿҶ㣬Ѿûʼ𾪣ƺвٵΪ⼸˶ӣҶҲ⡣
ҶҡͷĿƽƺڤ˼УȻ˵ĸоȴʧܣ˵⳥ʧ
Ǻǣ˲ҪҪҪҪߣҪһʼˣõĹһֻһ⳥Ӧʧ֮󣬲˵ڶ񡣡
׿һĵӣȰеʱ򣬿ҪҪĻҪʵҶ㰡ͻСսѾͨ죬ֻҪǱĿ̿࣬ճɾͻǻ᲻ģ԰Ҫ٣ſĻԺĵЩªϰŬ
׿ƽӣҶ¶Цõı飬УԿλߵĹģûѰּȺޣ侮ʯȰ¿ʼ
ȿȣ׿ǰҲ˵ģǻȡġҶűӣ
£׿һ㶣ɴ۾𾪵㲻˵ģȡģ
ǵģһ㵵ı飬Ҷ΢Ц
СӣɲҪ˵һǶ񣬿ɲ˵ɾɵģ˾ˣǧܺ˵ɲǿЦ飬˵ٻз⹫ҲҪƽַϳΪɽ
׿ѵƺҶΪ֮˴ǰ;
ǰǰҶֵܣûҲ˵ȥģ˵ʵɣûɾûɣӺɷģɶģ
ȺбһٺЦЩ˵ĿпͲҶû
Ҿ˵ɣһξԲһΣǽң񣬹˵֣˿ɲǺöԸļһǰЩƷʦԳ֣ɱλǿߣȴ³Ҫ֪ʦֿОΪսͨ죬ҶԱģ
ǣǰЩʦҲҪɲ޵ͬλûгɹˣ٣¸ٵòˣ׷ĴС
ҶսǿҲȿֲɣ԰ӣ˵һ㣬Ҷ㲻֮ľˣĻˡ
һɣҶսͨ죬ҲѾ񣬿ڴ½ǣԼȥ˵ɡ
У֪ʲôѾˣ֪Щʲô顣

˵硵˵ҶҡͷЦŵ˲˫ϲǰǿһʣµĴһ˿ڵϢһĨǲ޵츳ͨ츳ͨΪǿ̺Ȼ֮Ҷȱ֮
һ·ϣһֱڲ򣬽ҩҪֻ̤֮ϧһ˵ھһֽľ룬˵ʲôʱһĨ򣬾ֽ̤졣
ȴû뵽ڱǻӣѾ϶ʧܣܷˣߣ˵ùϵ⳥֮
ҶӿЦãζùϵλδ⹫ƺûм˼˵Ϊˣ֪λ⹫Żչؽɡ
飡
ֱۣͷ­ϣ׿һվɴ۾ϵͷ­˰죬ȷͷ­֣
ҵ죬ôܣ½ϰ꣬ôնɱ
Ҷʵ̫ǿˣϵһОΪȻһնɱΪѾǷ켫Ǳ죬ͽ֮
ҶֶȻǱѰˣպǰ;ѹ׿ңھ͸㱨ꡣ׿羪Ƭ̣ڻָԭ״εЦЦ
ǲǲ޵˫ǣ
ҶĻͬʯ쾪˵֮˶ɫ޵˫ǣѵ¾Ȼ
ʲô̥
ҿҪǾͲÿ֮ˣͳɾλˣ
ǰ̥պһҪ߶߶ӣ˳ɺܺദ

˵Ļȫı䣬ߵڰףҶ㿴һĻǷ䣬˳ɻҲܲס˶ӣ
ǣǲ޵˫ǣҶֶȻǿߣȻڶ̶̰£һǺǣǸţŶ֣ǵ֮׿һֱۺͲ˫ǣͬʱѹֵҶ㣬
ͨͼֻüĿûȥѰңֻһ죬ͨͼ׺ãҶ㲻ɫʵ
ͨͼ㲻֪׿һ㶣׹Ȼֲǻʮ꼸ˣû죬Ҫǣͨͼʵ̫Ҫˡ
Ҳ˵ͨͨͼǽ֤ͨͨҲ˵ͨͼ̤ͨ
ͨҶһԭͨͼǽͨΨһ;ٶͨ᲻֪
ԭˣʮֵԻȡһöħɡҶ׽һᣬ΢΢ͷʵľ粻ȣħ
ȻԣֻҪʮֵħԻá
Ǿͻˣ㣬ҸŻؼҡҶЦ
㣬һˣ̤޷壬ҶС˴ջ࣬˵Ϊֽһ˷ܡ
׿ĿУ֪ͨͼˣǰѾ̤ãɽǰһյأӰѾʧ˺ܾãö֪Ҷ㲢żֻҪץסߣ˵ټȻѰֻЩӣ㷲ƺʲôҪϡ
Ȼ뵽˶ȹ˵֮ʱͼֵĻһڽдٽ£׻˿̣ȻȻ뵽ƺǴ˵еĴҪ¡
Ư˺ܾãҲʼˣһ뵽ؼңĸ׺ͽ㣬еĵȫ֮⣬һż˹գٹ죬Щʱգһȹ١
ڴ䣬ҪЩӣɹȹ˵д֮󣬲ǼãɽӣʱԼһ˼룬ֻҪ̤ͨ죬Σʸãɽ
ܵܣˡҶ翴ҶӰһӴܳϲĸ׸˷ܵĴӷܳסӣգ߶ţӣˡ
ҶıӷᣬвȻ뵽ף׻ţһ˺úõһսһ룬ҶԼİŮˣȫһɽ֣Ǻá
㣬ħûˡҶЦһ֣һɫĵҩС˸һҩ֮Ҷ𣬷ȶסһ㣡



ڶʮ Υ⹫
ˣҶüüһĨǳһֱԼ³ɳĵܵܣĹ򣬾Ȼ츲صı仯˵ĽɫԵܵܿʼάҡ
һƺ̫ʵЩȴڵģܾܵˣĸף㱣öܺãôñ仯ЩӦоԼΪ˵ܵܵ׸һΪȴҪõܵʱʱš
Ȼܵܵӣִ˲ƣҶĴֹۣ˵ЩĸǲãɽڣҲΣķ
ĸ׺ҹϵΪӣѾ˽ŵĵزǵԭ򣬻ҶѹĽڵԭʹöߵĹϵѾ½㡣
Щӳĸ׳̾ھ£ĸģδ˵оԼΪ𲻵ʲôã˵ȫǸ׸֣ҶѸüͷǳ֡
㣬ԺҪΪҵĴɽŶҪҰҶȤҶϺҶ粻ݸЩѹֵ˲ҶĸҶݣ꺮ůץҶ֣ǲɿг˴ȰŨŨ˼
㳤ˣж־ķײ㣬ҲСˣʮˣжҲõ׵ˣ˵ибӣиϹĹƺҲѰɣĿﶼǺúӣ硭
ĸ׿ģʼżϱѡ⣬ںȲҶ㣬͵ȿȵĿԸͣɴ۾û뵽ĸ׿ʼĻˡ
ȿȣҲʮ꣬鲻
ߣʮͳˣʮͼ޸ˣ˵˵㶼ʮˣٹһ꣬Ҳóˣ˵ˣ²ײ˭ģǼǣͣкˣż
ߣƳߣһжΪأſɡҶεʼҶ죬Цš
ҽ㶼ʮˣҲûҸҸӲˡ
Ҷĸɫһ壬ߵôܱȣŮҪҾ͵Ҹһ벻Ķ˼ңɲܺȣһҸõżңʱھͲˡ
Ҷɫߺ죬ҶһڣͷŵǳȫȥĻϲҲһһҸĹһõĽ
οܵΪЩ飬쾭壬ͬܵѣҶҲգһ۾
һˣЩӵǳ˲ɢȥȵĹâǰǸҶˣԼˣǴһĨĵ΢Ц
ǣǣҽɫҲҰ˵ˣӣϹǡȿȣЩĸİôܰҸǳһҵ졣ҶҡͷЦȻˮͷûǹԼĻ⣬Ͼߺͷ˲һƳֻӵʵӵһС
ߣСӣЩҶܣңżˣ껹ҴظϱߣͱҶĸݺݵҶѾһҪĶϱ
ȿȣ㣬ȥħɡҶεĲƺĸ׸޶ʱ̫ˣһʱ䣬вָһӼ䡣
ĸ׵ĿģĸΪﻹǷ˵˼룬ӣãϣ顣
⣬ô˵ҲΪãˣſӳɼҵӺӣһ쳤󡣡Ҷ̾Ϣ
Щڲãɽڶ̫࣬һ֮⣬˿̣ʶĲпᣬģÿһҪǧټƵƣһ˼Ϊȥ
ڼ˼գЩӣĽѧϰ֮ҪһЩҩĸΪ
С㣬ܹѧϰʮ꣬ؽȫҵ洫ΪãɽһĽ°µļ룬΢Ц
ͽܣһ⣬ˮ˫ƣϰľʣٶͨʵʮĽţĽѡ
ʦ壬¯񵤣㿴ܳţƷΣҶǰһ¯ܣһɵҩ¯д˳
񵤣ֻƣܳʮžͲˣƷҲƷ˵һţʤ̫࣡ĽЦ˵Щӣ̵Ҷ㣬ʦѣʮǢܶʱۣҶһͨһЩͬļ⣬Ľǰһһ̽֡
飡
ڸַӡ֮󣬻¯ʢǰһ죬ҩ˱Ƕʮźγεĵҩ˳ҩҶ
ҵ죬ʮţƷⶼǼƷҩĽһżһӣ۵죬¯ĵҩȫʧɫڣβŻع
γεĵҩʮöǼƷ񵤣ЩΪĸƵģʶıҩʺླʶ
ʦ壬ǰղ˵ոһϢڿԸ˰ɡҶóöݸĽףãɽɣɹó֮һ뵤ֲѣʧܣҪȫкķѵֲ
Ľ׽ҩʾСͯЩҩͽһ£ʦպ̤봫ܵأʦ̻塣
Եľ⣬ҶǸδ⹫޾ľ⣬ֻǹ¶ȴ²Ϊڲãɽ绽ǿߣ˵ǵĽ죬ȫʦġ
պλ˵е⹫ҪңҶһƺ뵽ʲô
ǰ˵պ󣬱ǽգԽʱұҪ̤޷Ĵܵأʦıչ֮Ľ׵ͷ
ֻĽ˫趯лһ족֣޷Ŵ󣬹âӿƺƿգ̤һ硣
ݣĽһҶֻоһʧԭأٶȸоϮ֮ʱ޾棬ŷִ˿֮أ̶ȳŨһƽӵеһǧƽ׵Ϊӯ
õط޷ĴܵأƺӵвһмҶ㾪ãɽ׷壬ӵһ˵Ϊ㣬Ǻʹ˵һȣֱõ֮
Ȼ޷ڣһӵоʾϷ֮ƣΪǿ޷崫ܵأʦ˼ңڴ˵رչءĽ׽
ˣ
ڶ̸˵֮ʱһϣϵĽɲǣʱɫׯأ֮Ϲʦ𣬷Ѿ˵ء
ãĽף°ɡĽײһ˿Υپһתȥ˵ֻʣҶһˡ
Ȼһ͵߸ǰ˫ĿӥŭɲϢ֮η
ҪǣƺһˣһӰ



ڶʮһ ǰأ֮
⹫˵ӺĸмλΥ⹫һһӣԼһ⹫ȴû뵽֮ڽղżλΥ⹫
ȻˣΪɾͲ˼֮ǰ;ԳԽĸףҵյ۹Ȼ˿Ƭ̣ڵͷгȰ֮ɫָоֻĸףϲᵽ
ף⹫֪ҵĸףҶ㾪Ƚеһֱиоûͻĳطƺڶȴ٣ƺھĿɳ
Դռͨͼָ֮о͸ǿңƺһУǸΪ·͸ĪĹϵ
֮ˣһƺڸ׵˳֮£ˡ
⹫Ŀһۣδش𣬡ⲻҵһҲ㣬ֻĴٽұ֪ͨ㣡
Ҷһɫ˲üΪѿЩĵĲԽԽأҲһ˼żˣĸ׿ģ磬򣬲Ϊĸ׺ͽ·Ҫԭ
ѾܵǿµĴٽҪ䣬£Щڴǣĸ׺ͽ㣬ԭʹöڲãɽ粽УΪ̤һµľء
ܱԼȴɹ
⹫֪ҵĴ٣ѵһ㣬Ѿ٣ȴ٣ԹܹͼˣȫˣҶĿ˸ͣ
Ѿ֪Ҳϧķʮޣһ棬ͼ˶ˣԹһλںãȹ˵еͼҳɹȹ˱ϹŵһۣۣҲãɽµһͳ
˵˵˲ɣ֮⣬һĨĵġ
ۣɹȹ٣ұΪǧһۣǿɼһߣҪǣˣգǷˣἰۣ⣬˶䲻
⹫Ҷȹûģ
ȻǣûݳǾݣҲУҪȹ٣Ҳǲɵ飬ҵ֪һأʺ϶ȹ٣ֻǵطΪأߣ
һ۱ܵضȹ٣Ҳǿߣٽͼ̤֮ǴأȴҲûлǾصĿֲǿһ۹ĻʵۣΪ֮УΪòҩ̤ǴأѾУֲ֪
ʲôȾأ֮ܶأȵطΪ֮ضΪ۵굽ҳɹɽٵģطΪεأΪҴδ˵Ҷһɫʮѿ
ܣһɱȴǾ֮УǵطĿֲƴ֮أȾȴҶʶǰ֪ϣȴ֮ء
ζɽҲö֪ǿȥ̽ȴȫ䣬ûһ˻ŻݹϹŵڣΨһ˳ɹ̤ȫ䡣ҡͷЦһ£ڵǾΪ֮ءΨǸطɽٵΨһ֮أ취
֮أôĿ֮صѶϢȴһ֪о֣Ц⹫ûģƾڵңûһ˿մ֮ػŻ
ƾڵ㣬ȷѻûбӶʤͷԣһ㣬ĸף佾꣬һֱƽģһμ棬ңҲ͸Ϊ̾һ˻С
ҶҪʵȴ˴ϣֻһ֣޾ϣҶ㲻ò졣
ҳԶˣ㸸׵飬ԺȻ֪̤֮أȻ޷񣬵ˣӵ㹻ģӵЩٴѣΪ̤ɹ·ϵĵʯھ͸֮ͨص·ҲܻŻ
˵ЦҶģһѶϢҶԺҶһüͷЦͲ㵣ˣĸ׺ͽһúչ˵ģչұ֤ΪżԾҲɹʱ򣬱̸֮ʱȥɣӣǰ;ԼϣмǣҪκ羰ȴֻ˲䣬Ҫջ۷ֻпԼĲ߳
䣬Ҷ㻹׽˵ӰʧˣҲƳܵأϣһС
죬һϣˮļĺʻȺɽХԳ䣬һɫӰվͷǴһ˿Цݣ;
ӰҶ㣬ǰ⹫֮󣬰ݱĸף㣬̤;ǰǴޣǴ֮أǴޡ
Ǭ½ΪŴޣбǴޡ
ҪǰǴޣҪ޾ĺѾҶڴƯˣȻһ죬Խ˺󣬽һСϪ֮Уиղŵľ
ʵϣǴ޺Ǭɴһ󣬿ʱֻ֮ͨؼΪŹ֣Ǵ½غͺ󽻽֮أǴ޵Ĵ½ϣ޷ͨΨˮ·˷һĻ
СںʻͨСϪһľЩӣҶ򷱶࣬ܵһ˿ȻĴͣơ
һҹ䣬ϵҹոļˮУԵʮâ˸ڴϣµһӳڴС
⹫͸һУ·;֮ʱд򿪡
ҹ˼ӿͬйբĴӣ޷赲Ҷ¶һĨЦݣԼѾ̤ľ磬죬Ϊһ
Ԫ֮УһöԪ
ԪǳƿľѵҩһʥҩڲãɽִУҲһһöԪԻȡһ̶ȿ֪
ɫı缦һӿݣעһžԪԪ˸űɫĹâҶıǣâʢ˱ǵҩ㴫ҶֻоΪ˲
ۺֻҪԪΪؽ̤죡Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣЩӵԵǿ˲٣ټһöԪԳƹؿڡ
ۣ
ԪУҶ㸹֮죬һڳײһı˸ҫ۵ĹâҩȫɣþӨ͸޷Ŵ󣬰Ѳҩɴ
ҩϴˢ֮£Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣܸܵԼΪڽҲԾħ𱬷ҫ۵Ĺâ̤ռ֮ڳɳһ棡
飡
дǿ׳ʹҶüһϲһΪ棬Լα



ڶʮ ĴԵ
Ǭ½Ŵ֮һǴޣһС岼ĴޣںϣԵʽڣʵΧΪ˸Ҳ˵˵İ˼ȼʮɭϡ
һļʿླǿߣżһͨλߣᱻƳ֡
ڴʻ˰£̤ǴޣʱڵıһļΪ쵺֮ںڣ֮ͨصΨһ;ȻһļȴΪиǿۣȴΰá
ϢͻȻüͷһ壬ڲԶмλǿʶ⼸ڣŵ弶ȴ֡
λޣǰǵм侹ȻΧһߣݿ£ۼױȣֻƺûһΪȫȫǸƽˡ
ȻҶȴ¶ʧɫĿ⣬ۼʶ쾳ǿߣϻ˿쾳ǿߣҪһľ֣벻𾳵Ĵܽһ֮ң
ôǿôǸ۵ߵǺˣΪ˿µΪҶ㾪ȵĿ˸ͣ
˺ܾãͻȻиϤӰƮƮǷ׷ɣˣһžۼǸ߹ӡԺ֮ȥ
֬ѩ⼸λؼҵ˰ҶüͷؼЩΪ뿪ǬɴޣĪŲɸ˵ܡ
ǣĿٴλ֮󣬲һϣûиеһ˿ϢȻǴΣˡ
֮أĿҲҪ̤֮أʥҩĿǾЩһ𣬾߳ƵĴⲻֻء
Ҷ̾ϢЩ־սȭͷһ̤۷壬ֻأҪֻأƿֻأ
켶Ųˣ
絤ˣһԪһö

ֵ߽ϣȻһСУд󣬹ҩƷǴޣм佻Ԫһķ飬̺ŨʮʺҲ൱Ǭɴ޵ĽǮ
ʱһӯ߹˫Ŀƻã貵ǳ٣羫һ㣬Ů޳̶ȣ˿֬ѩҶĿһϹ
ŮϹϴηֱ֮û뵽ٶȼ棬ҲżλǿߣƺĿҲǾ֮С
ôܣѵ֮ؿˣܣ֮ش꣬δǾصԴʥصˣ˳񣬿ؼͼıСҶ㰵Ŀɨֿٹˡ
ιСӣûȤһݵͼһϹ˻λƵ˹Ĵ磬˸оηʿĿһܣƺһ㡣
ǸϹӣĿɨļƣҶЩЦνĵͼûһ˿ȤϹӵģ˳ǰɳŵĹӸ磬ƭǮˡ
ͼ֮صĵͼ֪֮ڷӡһرлأɱ֮ǿޱȣһŵͼ̤֮أӵǼϹջ߬һŻֽƾɵֽϻĪķţ
ε֪
Ϸ񣬶Դ˵ƼΪ˽⣬游ȹһĪǿߣλǿˣһŵͼǿ̤˵أϢȷϹ֣µĵ
ľ񲨶ϣҶҲһ˿˵ҪôΪߣ񲨶Ҷ㶼ղ׼ôԶʵ쳣𾪣
֮طӡǺε𺳵Ϣ
ⶫңҶЩŵʵȱ˻ãصʵʵ±֪ϼһɺãȴóָҡ
ͣ
ҶĿһ¶Цݣ仰֪Ϲӵʵ⣬űͼȻģֻ뼯֮õǼ취õ֣ϼһȻú̡
ͼģʱһŮߵҶǰ˵¶һĨЦЦЦݣ˵ţҲóһŵͼҶǰڰڡ
㣡Ҷһ㶣ɫ뵽ձƭĳŭ쵺ϣͳˡ
ŮӺɴ棬òǱ£ԸģеϼһŷƵĵͼƺѾƭҶһĻŴҡڵĳҶǰ
Ůǵ置仨С͵ϵõһͨͼйĺɽϢֻ˵һЩٻƭҶ˴
ңҶӣþòˡ仨ЦƺѾǰĲ졣
㻹ҳҵǰ
ʲôһ֮ĶԹѾ˽ᣬһγֻһϢ͸ĻԵȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҿˡ仨Ŀһŵͼٶԣתߡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ӹϹӵһŵͼϹĿУ׷仨ȥ仨ӰƮսһ¥һӲˣƣƺѾ㶨Ҷ
ҶһƣС֮ƣ˵ԣûƭ˼ƿɫɴķ¶Ҿһ
ӲαҶžƣ˶٣һںȵ˾䡰þơ
仨һҶ㣬ɴҲ֪ʲô飬żɽҶһǵ֮һ£ҶһĻԵ֮ص飬ҶӶȻȤ
ϲҶӴٽҪ̤֮أһܴ٣Ҷ㲻֨ȻҶĶУȴ׹Դ졣
ô֪ѵйܣܣֻҺ⹫֪⹫Ὣ¸߱ˣҵɱΣûܹݳΪλ֪仨ʲôˣԲֻһ򵥵С͵
Ҷв˷ӿ֣ȻܣԷ֪ʮΣգɭȻɱ
ҶѵһŮӣҸ˵ȥȻҲطϣʱı飬Ѿ㣡仨Ҷ㿪ڵĻᣬϽСòûж⣬ֻҶĽһѣΣҪҽ飬ɡ
üͷչоâ治ɫȺġ
һر֮ǿ֧գգ˵գҲգܳɹȹ٣̤һµ򣬵ȻұֻϣҶպǵý飬Σ
Ҷ¶˼Ĺâǰ仨ȷԲһ򵥵С͵˵վһȻһһеȻ
ŶҲһеˣʲôһˣôôĶעҵϣѵͲҾʹ䣬߾ջųǽյ飬ʱ㷭𣿡



ڶʮ 
ȻᣬĻĻֻ˵ҿˡ仨ЦɲƺоרŸҶͻԵ
֮ܽأյرҶЩ棬ΪβڻԵ͸ؼϼһλĴڣ۶㣬ǶˣֵӸ߰
仨ĿɨΧؼϼ߹¥Ǳˣһ£˵ݺ᣿ֻϧԪѾʥҩ֣Ҳע䣬ΪҪδиһעˣ
ҶһĿеıˣ֬ѩ˸ŵΣȻλϼӣ̤֮زһҲ
ֻø棬ΪؼһιףԵ
֪һܻţ
֪޴ݣֻǸڴ漣ˣͬսһˣֽЩǿߣǿߣЩ仨Ŀ˸ƺ֪ܶҶ㲻֪飬ֻԸ˵
Ҷӣ˼ƺǸǱɣЩ½֮˸Ǳ˵ճɳЩϸԲĻԵ
֮سɹգʲôҲ죬аնȹ٣ܴ࣬ɹ֮
ԾڴˣֻҪҶӵͷҾͰĻԵ͸㣡
仨Īľ⣬ƺǰҶԵ
ΣҶڻͷ֣صʵҶǷһ飬̤֮أȻ顣
仨־ϲɫһ֣һиУݸҶ㣬һö˵֮ʥҩ񵤲Ƶ֮Ʒʥҩֻ֮ôȴǼߣֻۺյأѾ䣬ֻҪιḴպٶȥ
ģȴҶ𾪣ʶƺ񵤣ǧǰһλĴܣһöŻص壬֪ս٣Ȼţһʱ½ֻ꣬Ѿʧ˵
һҩ˷һһѲ֪٣û뵽ȴ仨ϣӵҩı棬ǲʣȷ
Ǻãҩ֮飬ձҶѱһʹתȥ仨ҶȥıӰ˼¶һĨЦ⡣
ɫսѪһӳ죬âɣһֻԡѪзϢ˲
һ͵ӰѪ£ֳվ񷣬ɢǵĲߴʱſֲĹâһţû˸â
죬ƣ
ϣ
Ѫ°ڶ񷣬ҡأѪɫâɢ죬һϽָᵽһѹֵ˶ҪϢһ㡣
һХ죬ڲ񷣬쳹ء
ֻһ͵Ӱ񷣬ȴû˸Свǿ߲Ĺڵأ¶ޱȾ֮顣
ǿƺ̧ܻ죬±أֲ̫ˣҶҲסˣȻվüԶҲܵǿֲϡ
ʱ뵱պ仨֮գѾȥգЩӣҶˣѾ֮صڣ֮رԵֲܸܵϢ
գؼسǵǿߣӴɳλͨǿߣͨĳǿߣ̤֮ء
֮أΪأȴʥҩܹԪʥҩȱΨоزſܴڣҶ㵱Ĺб
ο֮ڷӡһĳλϹŵϢһĹǲ̽صҪԭ
һ죬˴ǿߣԶս£ǿƵıؼһλǿߣʯ£գܲ͸磬ǿһҲȫԳн
ֻϧ֮󣬾֮Ʈɻʯ·˳ۿǿ֣߳ƺһֱֻ֣ɱλǿߣǵı¾飬ɷɻңƮء
Ҷ㣬Ҳ侪âΪЩʵ̫ţǷɻؼϼߵѾھС
ֻ֣Ǻ˵Ĵ֣֪ϹӣҲҡͷ֪һԣ֮شڣôһֻ֣̤㣬ͻᱻ飬ͬһ㣬һ֮⣬û˻Ż
Ҷأм׹ǵȱǿ»޷̤֮أҲԵֻֿ֣ʯ¶ˣʲôֵܵסֵĹ
ˣ
ؼϼݺֳ𶯲񷣬ǵ˫Ŀعͷһؼˣ¶֮ɫ
ݺɣ֮صܣХ죬Ѫɣݺƺһ𶯾죬ĻĴ˵ĶС
·ֲϢܿռһؼؾת£ݺ¡
ڣؼڵϣݺᣬ֬ѩˮߵ飬ǰ˱ĵүүСүүǰˣݺһ̵ֽ
˿̣ݺᴹһʹֻܿүүıӰͣ
߳ƵݺᾹȻҲӢĻһ죬޳ֻ̧أֶοֲ֮ϵǿ߲һ֮ؼңʹλ˵һ壬˶ķṦΰֲ֮ͨصΪȴҲⲻ
˳̾ϢһһλǸǷ绪Ǭʮʶ°ܽ
˿ݿµߣ˿ѩ񷣬˹°ҲҪң͵ҲҪؼȡһᡣ
Ҷ㱾ؼңȴǰ°ˣûһ˿⣬еֻϳ羴
˼ҵԸΪȡʥҩ
֮ؾԵΪһ̤Ƿˣ˼
ݺᵭĿһۣϣΣȻݺᣬƾݺᣬһСС֮أкξգ
λǿߵǣ֮⣬ѾԤϣΪֻǽسǣΪһ֮أѾٺãһ̤֮ء
ҲҪȰ𣿡֬ѩݺɫһ䣬һŮѵҲҪЩ˷ͿЩŭ
Ϊһ񣡡֬ѩ˵Ѿʣȴݺ°ڵׯصķŵǰâѪɫսС
ݺοЦããҵĺŮŮ
£ת֮˹ȥûûǣңߵѣѱӰˡ



ڶʮ Ů
һ̣ؼϼݺƺָഺµݱó˸ѪɫĹâֳأѱӰˡ
ˣ
̤صɲǣһִֻٿգһ̣ʱ侲ֹˣ˵ĿⶼסˣҲ֪˶ãرԵһŭ
Ҫ죬Ҫݺأ
ؼλݣǵĿеһѪݺѪƮС
ˢ
⻪һѾ䣬ѪƮ棬ǵͦεӰͨһڵأѪ֮ϣƺݺһ߳ơ
ǵ뿪ıӰһ̣Ȼݺһһ羰ߣݺһĴҲⲻ䡣
Ҷҡͷ̾ϢȻȴҲ޷̤֮أݺǿĸ߽סֵֻһġ
ݺȿǿ߶˵أϢһӣ֮أҪ̤ıҪһֵܹı¡
̫ˣȾؾ̤ģ
λͷ̤رԵɲǣͱɷˣΪһ˿ûʣ£֮صĿ̶ֲȣҪлҪֲ
ǰݺȿֲǿ߶ڴˣӡе˭Ҳ޷ȡˡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣзֻοһۿֲ֮أתȥҶ㿴Ŵѹ֮أԼ̤ϵƺһ·
£Ҷ˼ڸУУһѰһ£ûб£Բ̤֮·
Ҷ֣ͻȻһöһӰվϴһ˿ȻĿҶ㡣
ϹӣҶһ㶣¶һ˿ЦЦЦݣǰ˵ӣþòˡ
ͷҶֹģҶ֣ͷ̫ʢնɱǳնɱ֣ãɽҲҪλͽҪΪ׼һʢʽףǰǾ¥ȥһϹ΢΢ͷ˪ֻһεĶݣɫ΢û

ھ¥λþƲ֮ϹƱҶҶ͸Сöһ׮ԵСǾãǷҶ࣬ʳѰ
ϹˣҶ㰵һŹ֣ڴŮԸʮ˽⣬ʳѰȻΪϵ⣬˵ΪһεĻԵ˲ӣһУҶӰӡ
ҲǵҶ͸ԵҪԭкޣиждԵΪƻĵģλ߸ϵˮ
ЩСºιʹҳݣЩĸҲӺһѰģֺһ˵ҶĻﵭģȴѣȻѣһĥѣŵõЩĸġ
ϹĿһͣŵĻƺһӣ˼ӿƽľڽٶȲ浭Ҷ˵Цˡ
ҶĵͷĿѾﵽÿһμ棬òңƻľλˮ
Ҷ֣˷ǰҪһ׮ĻԵҲǻ㵱յ顣Ϲ촽䶯ʮء
ȴҶɫŹʮ֮ǰ仨¥ϣ˵Ҫ͸һ׮ԵʱգϹٶǰҲ˵ͬĻҶͷԵǣԼʲôʱˡ
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ΣѲϹ֪Ҫȥһʴһ£а̤ǿֲأҶЦдŵļ֮⡣
ϹЦſҶһۣȻ΢΢ͷǴ⣡
ұ£ϹӲڿЦɡҶǳ鶯ӣ֪ʱԼƷǿˣߵҪı͹һǼƷŮѵ⹫˵ģԵ㣡
㿴ǿЦ𣿡ϹЦЦ
ʥأһʼ浱̤۷֮Ϊ˳ɾһ̤֮·ʴ˴һ챦£ţǱǳΪý飬ںϴأգʱ䣬ռ䣬̫ǵȵһе۴⵽һ𣬺ľǧΪŵԳɹ
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ǣ̤֮صʱ򣬴£˵벻ЧΪΪ֮²ȹǷ֣ɹ̤֮ء
οڵҶֳֻҪ̤֮أȹֻ֣аգգаնȹǿֲĴ٣˵Ϲ˴£ͬѩ̿һʱ
Ҫʥص֮ңҶʧɫ֮ʲôʮ൱ڴУ汲ӡǣҪ֮ˣ⽫һô˼顣
ʥؾò˥ܳĵӣϹҲûȨһھȻҪҶ㣬ܲȡ
ȻһȴˣʥĴ֮Ҷ㡣
Ϲӣ㲻оЦ̫Ц֮ʥصǷ绨Գ棬Ҳδܽһۣ˼ȻҪңϣ̤֮У
һУҶ𾪣ʥظûʲô飬˵ЩԹ˷ʥصǿߣȴһĻԵ֮ʱҶ㣬Ǻε𾪵顣
ˣбǰ֮ʱҶ֣Գյ顣ϹȻһһ
Ҷ㶣۾֪ĻԵ͸Բһβ˵Ϊ飬Ĺ֣һУжԷüֵڵϴ
ֻҪҶܳɹ̤֮أʥؽնİңǲҪʲôֻҪǣǷӡǷڣ˶ѡ
ڣôθڣʥҲƽˡҶߵϹУܿʥͼıС
ʥصȷƽ̫ãҪҶֶԣһ仰ֻҪϵͷС˫ַϣϹ˸Ĺâ
ݺԳ棬ҵʥصͼ£ȴԾܾ͸Ҷ㣬ĿǺ仨ƣƺ̺һ˿ͬѰ
ٵĴ٣Ҷ˵вЩһУȻȹ֮з̫࣬һˣҶͷӦ



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ڶ峿Ҷ㴩߹ԭʼɭ֣֮صıԵݺѾ˰£ǿ߲ĺ󳾣ʱѾûж߹Ѿϣʹ˵κν
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˿̣һףĹâ̫ӳ£װعһ㣬ƬĲǳƳɣʯƬһ㣬ŵĹ󣬸
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ܿ죬̤֮صıԵһ̣žɽ֣Ŀ£ûһûһ޽Уһ֮
Ҷһֻ̤رԵоޱȿֲϢ·ˣľԪˣѪѿͷҪըʶӿƺըһ㣡
飡
ֲϢס壬ĸоһξĹ߹ĺɽûоһΣϵĸо޲ֲ֮⡣
£ʵʵ˫ĿҲڱ֮£ҪǰͨʶһС
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ڽɲǣΪ˲ɲǵĹһΪնȥǿֲϢɲǷӵ쾡£ҶһһΪβʣ
˿̵Ȼ߳ƣڣһˣһǰǸǣԵ竴үҪңڵûһ˿Ϊ׵׵ķˡ
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ȴʱױӿһֻܹصĴֳ£ѹƺλߣҪ׻ɱ
Ҷץһ亹˿̵Դ֣ûһ˿֮ɲݺᵱʱ飬ûΪݺᣬ˵ûһ˿
ƣֻ֣Ҳ񶦾ܵĴ̧֣񷣬أֲ֮˵ˣΪȫڣҲûл֮οҶ㡣
˸ĪĹâİľУâͣͬһȻ£ҶȻ֮ƣȴ͸£ڣ岻ͣĲ
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ڽ˲䣬ʮ˸ųɫĹâֻɫĻ磬Ҷһϲ
ٶ𣬻ϣû뵽ȾأȻ
ɫĹâ󶯣˸ŴĿĹâ¶Ȼ߶ȻһӳԽֻ֡
飡
һ죬ʹϮڱµļӳ£Ҷ㲢ûܵʲô˺ȴķɣĳ֮صıԵ
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˸ĪĹâʱһֻٶȿ֮أʱٶɱ
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ϢȻţʥصʼ֤Ȼ֮ϲϢ˿̣ʱ֮ٶɢȻֻֿʼҡƺĶ֣
ĵ𣿺ÿֲ£һͷƽ磬һͷҲԻ磡Ҷ򣬶Ȼ̧ͷĿֻɭȻĴ֡
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Ҫͨ˭Ҳ޷
ҶӷͦεýĲһһ̤֮룬ֻɭȻֲĴ֣ûһ˿η֮ɫ
ϣϹâκβ˴֣ͨû⣬ɲҶһϣһգҲʮһգ



ڶʮ ӡ
飡
䣬Ϲâ赲ֵĺȻ죬ҶѪӿѪ
˷ܵǣһ±ĹâԵס֣Ȼûбķɡ
ˣ
ÿ̤һǻϣԶһȦȦĲ⾲һɭ֣Ҷ£絶һҶϡ
ǣÿһƬҶ̺һĪĵǰĴԱ⣬ƺ̲ŹصĴǺĿݼŴɲֵ쾡¡
ֲؼϼǵӢⲻ³ʵֲ̫ˣҶҡͷЦգĿ룬ȹ٣ûκΰգ֮أϣ
ϾȹٵˣֻһˣǾۣ꣬ڴ˾жȹ١
־ĥһɨһУҪ̤صκһ˿΢СĻҳ飬ھرԵοҶö֮Ҫ̤УȻҪֲܵĳͷ
һֱ̣˸ʵ׹⣬죬
ôѵһŬͬҶһ㣬֮࣡أأ˭Ҳ޷̤𣿵̤
Ҷ¶һĨɬϣĸܵĵľʹ֪⴫ı£άֶá
ãͻȻһҶһҪڵء
꣡꣡
һ̣Ұ׵Ĵ֣´ƣɲ·һƬ񷶼Ҫ飬Ҷ޲Ѫ룬ƺҪըһ㡣
ۣ
ȻըѪվվˣǴһɿѣ˿̵ԡѪӿֲ֮
ȻˣȿֲľأϾͷοһļһˣҲͷ䣬Ҫᶨȥ
ҶĿ棬һӲԴСµĹâԽԽһƬƬʯҶѾ䡣
ˣ
ƿȻǿе·ϣҲƣƣƣȻҪңҲԴУҪ䣬Ҳڶȹ֮˼˿ɵ
Ѫɱħ¾ɽʱ⣬ҶŴּȥҶĿҪһ֣أ

һ죬־ȻһѵץУҪ͵ͣҰ׵ĴֺĺֹͣڿкþãͻȻâһиһɽĽеһ
ҶͷֻоȻһȻĽеһϹֳıɽս죬ܱǿߣĽϹԶ֮ʱɽ¾ɽŮҲûټ
ڽգֻҰ׵Ĵ֣ػ֮صĴ֣ϾȻһĽеľɽ
ۣѵ۵Ĵ֣ôܣ۲ʱֵģȷûȴڶʮ󣬺ͱӣһͬôڽ꣬ͳˣˣֲ̫ˣ
Ҷ״Σһȷ֪۲ṳ̂۷ֻ֮һ֤񣬵ǣ֮ǰӣûгֹ
ǣ˿ֻ̣֣۵Ĵ֣ۣ˭Уоɽ
ڿһȻʧˣ¾ɽʧûҶ㣬ƺѾĬҶ̤֮أ
ŴֳߣҶοЦһ۶ʧ¾ɽǱ͸ıȴû뵽ձֻߣȻˣȴ̤صĻᡣ
У죬̸ᣬ۸ӣһΡɽУм䣬Ȼһŵʥɽƺ֮֮ڣΧʥɽڵġ
˭ܰͨӡٴΣ֮أʲôطΪλһֻ򣡡ͷһ۲Ұ׵ƣҶ£һˣȴ֣˿û˼˼Щ
ھвУԽǰߣԽľ˿̵һ˿ΪʣµǣıǱһ޴ʯͷÿһʯͷһ֡
µıǾеϢÿһÿһ룬ʴ壬µĹâȥʯҶӱʴҲ֪٣ԿµĴĥ
ֲ̫ˣκζסϢʴֲ仨Ϲݺ;ƿݣɹ̤˵أ»壬ҲȥҶȻأҵĻϱ˭Ҳ޷
Ҷ㽡ɣŨܵɭûһܹͨеĵ·뿿Լһ·һ·ʥֲûʱժ˼ȹٵķΪǹɲԽԽأƺپҪˡ
ࣣ
ͻȻ飬ڱĥ˿˿ƣȥһ룬Ҷ屩¶ڿС
һֻ̣оһѪͣţҪήȥҶһÿֲʴٶȣûһ׼ȾأȻɻ³ˣҺϻһ˿򣬻ֵܵס֣
ңĵʥɽоҪȹ٣ĻԵǰʥɽΨȥʥɽܺ
ҶֳԣϲͣȴߵԽԶּԽֱ󣬹â
ҶһɫΪѿھʥɽٻһԣֻ֧ʮһӦֶμѾȫӳԺ·̣
ѵھҪУڻʱ򣡡Ҷ۾ߵʥɽ¶һĨЦȡһС
⹫ǰıһöӣֻҪԴ߶Ĵ磬ֵſµϢ
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ҶɢϢɵ֯磬չֵ쾡£һ̣Ҷ࣬ٶȿ쵽£ô֮Ľ֯ĵȡһһʱ䡣
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⵽˭ѵֵֻˣۣҶʧɫһ־֮ɫ
ȻûпӰʶڣӳճֲӰ׷ѩƮΰͬبŵܿòɢɲϢ
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Ӱ䣬·һۣɱ磬ĸ·ƺעʲô˭
Ҷ˰أͻȻһԺиһ˼ͷѵǡ



ڶʮ Ԫʥ
֮Ӱ飬ӰȻǱӡ飡ҶȻ˼Ĺâ
׷ѩƮȻɣȻ˸űĹâĸ·ƺʲô壬ƺʥɽ֮Уӡʥɽ֮ڡ
Ӷ磬ƺܹ񷴩͸ҶǰǸ޸֮ĺͯһУǰûһ˿һܡ
ˣҶȻ̾һǿҵУþֶΣӣںϳԼĴ磬Ѿǧߵȴû뵽ӡ֣ȥֿ
˿̣ӵһâ龡žһըҶУĴȻȥڵ֮һ˲ȫȥ£Ҳ˲ըѣȫΪҽɢʥɽɽ¡
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һ̣һâһĿҶĺëըµϢ
ΰӰͷڶĿ˸΢ĹâͷŶ˭ص԰Ҷĳ
һҶ·ֻȴûбɱ֮⣬һ˲˲ĶҶĻϡȻ˸Īɣ޷׽
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Ҷɫһ䣬ʮϱҫ۵Ĺâӿ˼£Ȼû˵ڵǱڡ
ؼʱ̣ڽ£֮ӿأת˭Ҳ޷赲һҶ㲻òȼԼǱܣ㿪һ
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򵥵һȴҶȥ·ö֣ĨɱҶ㣬ҺãƺûĴ㣬һĶŻϿ
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ʲôֲĴһʥɽڷӡʲôֲ
״̬Ϊ⣬һ֮ˣټϾϢʴһˣûеֿ˿̣ѪɿݣԪݽߣӿĻϣҲȥѪϣҰ֮
ΰ͵̤һҶһ˿Ҳ֮飬׷飬Ҷ壬Ҳͬһѿ
ҶһľȼԼԪһ̣ɱѪٴγâӿϣɣԺͻȻܾľġ
ԭޱȵľģ˿̾Ȼ˳ͨͼľģޱȹأɲҶ㾹Ȼȫ˳
˲䣬Ե֮ףͬӵ죬ʥɽɢ֯һ
ʥɽһصƺͬһ糱ʹ谵عâӺһ㣬
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һĿⶸȻѣз飬Ҷɫһ䣬ŲȻãŰɽķתƶȥ
ĿڣһֻӲӵĹӣǹ̫ͬһҩ˱ǣ㷼ƣҶʧɫǣȻģ
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Ľ£Ҷٶȿ쵽˼£Ӱɽɽ˹ȥĿԪʥ֣ˣҪвýԪʥܡ
˿̣ҶʶģľʱԵڵأ˲ˡ
Ԫʥ˸˵Ĺ󣬱ɫҶӴڸϵϣĹбڴеĽ䣬Ҷһ˹ȥϲ֮ɫҲŲסˡ
ҲԲܣкܶҪȥɣҶѪѣͷǣȡһ˿Լ򲻵֮ʱ£յԪεصԪ
ҧԼԹȥڵ״̬̫ˣȻиһ־Ҳ޷ˣˣټȼ˴Ԫʹ˷ɱ˺ۣ𣬻ϱ飬ֱ䡣
֮£ǵӰƺųȻ¶־ϢӰһţҲҶһۣʹʧ
֪ԼĶˣܾľĺԪʥңӳǿľ֮Ԫʥһ١
Ҷ㣬ڼǿѹ֮£Ӱʧɲǣ¶οЦݣͷ˯ȥ



ڶʮ Ϊʦϣ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶתƬïܵɭֲ֣ʥɽĬ˺þã¶µĹâ̧ͷԪʥʥҩٽ٣ҶֻҪҧһڣͿܰշȻȹ٣Ϊһǿߡ
Ȼͷݺֻ߳ʮʥɽԶ֮Զû£ӣһһҲûϣ̤ʥɽ
˿̣׷ӰѾʧֻվʥɽɽɽм·̣ɽɽ벻ջ񣬵ǣҶƾڵΪ޷ʵǣ˵յ㡣
аɻʥɽڵ׷ӡʲôѵһ۵νͣΪҪػĪһ
Ƿ񶨵ģ֮𣬱˵һصʮʮƣΪλҪһֻƣػڴˣʲôػ
ȷֲֻûȥʥɽ֮УǹرĲҶҲ˿̣ȴĸܵǲ
˴Σֲֻûж⣬һâʧ
ͷƬɽҡͷ˦˼һһĿ˸ܣĵͷ
ҺԪʥʥҩڣھȴ٣˴εĿ꣬Ԫʥ۾е֪۱֮أһöĹӣԪʥŵԶȹ١
ңԪʥأвȻϲʥҩȴҲǸľֲ
ףôˣҶʱʧɫܵԼʣԪƺܵϢʴڲͣ
ԪʥڣֲϢʴϲ˿̵Ҷ㣬ѾʮͣҲǸӢ湫ˣһɣˣ˫ް߰ףϳ壬µĺۼԼڵ٣ҶֻҡͷЦ
ΪأԪ˶ã;ƿݣԪԽԽðҶоˡ
Ҷ㳤̾һ֮ھԪ޸˵壬ӰһȻĵг룡
ʥڲľïʢֲҶƾãҩ֮ҶĿͨĵΣݣν֮
Ļ࣬벻ЧŴδ֮ʱŬҶ΢Цϥʥ֮ǰĸϵĴ
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ϣǻϣܣܣôܹɻϣջ𣡡
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ǿʶʥɽӿǿ󵽲˼飬Ҷһ㶣ʧɫȻʶʶˣ
飡ӡ飡
Ҳ벻˫Ȼ֮£Ȼ˵֮⣡ҶܵѹȣβͣȥԪʥһȻԷûɱ⣬һ˿ʶҶڴˡ
ÿµĴڣҶʶ̽ʥɽܵǸڣʶո뿪Ԫʥ˲ͱƬ޷̽⡣
λǰҲʥɽ֮𣿡Ҷһ֣ĵ
ȻǸĬһᣬڿڵҾʥɽ֮Уʥɽ֮֮أһʼұ֪ˣó¾ɽұ룬Ϊ̫ˣлϣǲġ
Ҷһ¶˼ı飬ǰ˭֪
ҵְ˵Ҳδ֪ҲǶȹ˵СһҪ͵ǸСһһžضȹ٣ֻϧٵʱΪѾ̤ͨλ֮Ԫʥİ£ŵԳɹɽ٣Щ꣬Ҳٶȹ˵ţ̤˵أһ
˳ǣȴ鲻һɭȻӲ
Сһȹ٣Ҷɫһ䣬еСһȻۣԹΨ̤֮أҳɹɽ٣ΪʷΨһһܹͼȹٵ
˰۶ΪСһԪ˲뵽ֻ֣Ҷһƺ֪ʥɽڵ׷ӡ˺ֱ
ף㾹Ȼ˷ٶôܣϻµĹǴ󾪣ãһ̾Ϣ
ֻϧٶǲȱģ··ҪԼһ㣬ȴ쳣ŬҪ֪һ;ֻŬŹģңȱȫĹϧϧ̾Ϣһ
ȱķٶǰȻֻһķٶ벿ѾݳҶȹ٣ҪȥѰ٣Ϊ˵ٶǲȱģ
Ȼ֪һ룬ֻõһ룬ٶǲȫĹ괴칦֮ˣе⧣Ϊ⹦ʵ̫޷ֲʹ⹦գǲȱġ
渵Ҷһȣֲ˹о⹦ͬһޱ޾ԭ˹ʦе⧣ûаѹɡ
ܿ죬Ҷ¶һĨ΢ЦȻȫԿֲֻԼ·̤۷壡
һһ˫ǵĿҶۣ̾ϢϧϧԪ̫ˣǴٻδ٣Ѿ;ƿˡ
а£ȻľʮԪ⻹ڸֲ£Ԫʥ£Ծɺķʮ꣬ʱʣ¶ʮԪ
ЩԪʥĴΪͻͽҲֻһ֮ңĴ˷֮ΪԪʥͿȵĶȹ٣ȴǿߣõԪʥڴ֮£⣬ɢȥʣһӲдʹ࣬־壬ӿ飬ʱ֪ʲôĿֲ
˵ĻҶ¶֮ɫԪʥЩı޷ȹ٣ʲô԰Ҷ㣬ȥ
ûбİ취𣿴Ƕȹ˵ߵĩգҶƽʵ
ҪУҲ֮ܳΪˡ֪ٵĺ塣
Ҷһ㶣ãȻҡͷ
˵еһ˶ȹֽͼ˭ᱻͼ뷽跨𣬵һЩĴڣʶ´٣٣ΪɱЩĴڡ
ΣǴٱ˵˿Զȹ𣿡ҶʵȭͷĪ߬
Ǻǣ˵꣬ٽ䣬ʵѰ˳Ӧˣ



ڶʮ Ϊʦ£
ʥɽ֮УֲϢԽԽʢܵµʴԪţҶվԪʥ˵Ľ⣬ȵĹâ
ٵĽѰ˳Ӧˣ˿ģȴһ˿̾ϢֻдߣӦ֮˵ˣܰȻȹ٣ԣԹŵ񣬶ȹ֮޼˵ΨǸСһһˣţΪۡ
ۣ˳Ӧ֮ˣ
Ҷһ𾪵ĹâļǵãһҶңҶɣ˵Ӧ֮ˣ˳Ӧ֮ˣ
ʱգٴǸ˵仰вȲѣȴûпڣ
֪Ϊжȹͼ֮ߣѡ̤֮أȹǴ٣
ҶãȻҡͷ˼˵֮أʵһƵ磬磡磬˲죬Ȼ飬ȴһģ
ᣬҶĶȴ׹
Ƶ磡ôܣѵ绹飿ƽ̬ͻȻ׹һʯӣдһ˿ʵ
ģ֮䱬սľԲֹһ磬һƵ磬Ҳ֪Ĺ粻һ㣡
㣡ֲ˵Ŀ궼ѡ⹫ָ·Ҳԭ㡣Ҷ˼ĵͷ
ǰʥɽڷӡĪǾǡɽͼ
һͣһۣȻЦ֪ҵݣʥɽӡҵɽͼ
ҶһȻʶ˺̸ã˳ǶϤļ䣬֪ͱӵĹϵרĽ⣬ָԽ
ôСһȻ֪ҵݣΪηûĪҲһ㣬ηҵɣЦЦ˵
֮֮޲Ĵ治ңºǳηĸףģԾǳݣ
һƨ˹ȥȻˬʵĴЦҶȴһִڣ˵ûѹƭ˵ġ
ֻۣҰ״ֵˣҲǱӡˣ˿һʶ飬Ҳⷨɽͼ
һ̣еȫ⿪ֻּ¾ɽͻȻֹͣҶ㰲ȫ룬һȻֲȴɱ⣬ĻҶˣԪʥǰһУ۵Ĺ͡
ããӢ۳꣬ƾʣ̤߾磬ֻҪܹȹ٣ǰ;ҪȵСǿ̫࣡Ҷ̩Ȼ͡
ҲҪ⣬ʣҲδܹȹ٣佾꣬Ļǿ֮ģߵߵľ硣
Ҷйâһ򣬹˰Σ˼ƽȥɫõȻһж˳Ȼһ̣Ҳࡣ
ܽˣȻˣһɡҶϥƽ͵ת˿˿ԪڻȻǰʮۣ꣬ȻƽеĹͣһСѡ
ʥɽеĿһ¶Ŀ⡣
ҵĴڣɨأƾգһжڻ£ĻΨΣȴϣûϵĻ𣬸޷ߵľ磬Ϊ̫죬ǷȱһִҪȹ٣Ҳм谭ģҾͰһѣУ
ƾҪʮĹ򣬴ٽû̫ʱ䣬ҲΪչ̫ı׶ˣҲϣܹ⿪ʥɽļұͼ
һɿµͷʥɽдӿҶԺڣڡ
꣡
̵ڶԷȻ綹һỮҶ㣬ֻоֲͷסľһƿʶڡ

һűͼĳǰͼԿżΪϵͼģƺһյ֮סʶӿȣɽǰȫȻûз֮
ɽͼ
һ鹹ıһ±ƿҶʶҶֻоԼ嶼ʿһ㡣
񣬱ǾԪ;ĺһͼ֣αظѣһȣҶƤһһ׵磬еţ֮ǰ
ʶڵĽͼӰһľԪ;֯һˮ齻ڣںϻҵһһһ۵һ
Ԫ;ĺһһļң
ƾͻȻĶҶһ̣ȻĹƣԪ絤תھջڡ
۵ɽͼɢĺۼҶֶĻͬڰеָƣͷȣҶγѣ򷱶ࡣ
ˮ˫ƣһ̣ӳãⲻͣΪᾫԪ;ŦƱƺߵľѱ׼
ʱ侲ʣһգգա
һ£Ԫĥһ꣬ҶɾֹɽͼĹâԽԽʢľԪҲڷӡ
أԪСϪɱڵĴ󺣣խľԽԽ㣬ҶΪȻǣͬͯһҹ֮䣬һ±ɸһΪڽﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ͣˣ
дĦҶɢϢͿܱ׵죬񷣬Ǻӡ
̤񾳣ҶΪһ
ۡ
汼ڣһ̵Ļȼգ籼ڵͬ˿̵ڤǳ棬ȫ˲
Ļ棬ûʶڣȴһĴڣԼʶ
ǿʮ꣬ʦһָ㣡̶̵һ£ұ죬̤̤֮ˮ룬ɹΪһǿߣ׼λߣûǰָ㣬Ҫ̤񾳣Ͳ֪Ҫ߶·ˣлǰ
Ҷվһ֣㱬֮ƾǰԱ⣬ǲԪǵɲǣԭɣݣٴ
һʮԪһ̣һǧԪڵҶ㣬˵Ԫó㣬ھڲõԪ⣬ֻΪ׼ɡ
һΪսȻǱѰˣǲҲҪ⣬̤ضȴʱΪͨ죬Ϊ綼ǿȴûս
ǰ佱Ҷ㵭ȻЦ˿̵絭ᣬһַ緶
ףδȻɱˣҲɱˣ˭ȱ£Ҳ̽鲻΢΢һ漴üͷչЦ˼ˣСǾսͨô򵥣ٺ١ԽԽȤˡ
Ҷȴɶͷԣλϵǿߣ˿ΪЦʮЦ
ˣԪһǧ꣬һһ꣬һǰһѣȶסΪȥ㼸Ŀޣؼʱ̵򣬻ҪԼԺҪмǣҪɣԺǧҪסһ㣬ľ磬ҪȴС
˿̣ҶĿԪʥϣ΢΢𣬳ĬƬ̣ǰҸܵٽһ䣬ɷȷʳԪʥ



ڶʮ ɽ٣
۵Ľ̵£Ҷ̤֮Ȼھ˲䣬ǹɲǿңƺҪ飬˵ء
ǴٵĸӦ˴Σ֮ƺҪ١
ʳԪʥСӣΪԶԶܷãһҧһڣͻᱬըʱôĶ֪۵ȻЦѾˣҪˣס򲻵ѣǰҪʳöԪʥ
ΪΣҶһ̧ͷʥɽķ
΢Ĭƺڹ۲ĲƬ̺󿪿ڵԪʥͨҩڲո̤񾳣ΪԶԶûȹ̣¤
Сһ̤˵أͨλߵΪʳԪʥҲǾһ翵ˣ˿̵ҲͲ˰ɡ۵
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ȴ۰ѻ˵ꡣ
ٽ£Ϊʵ̫ңҲΪˣȻŲ֪ˣǶʵ̫翣˲ܰϣϣΨץԼ֮ܳΪѣ
Ҷһϲ֪ԼΪǶ̰壬۵˼ƺа취ֲæµ볤ʾ¡
ҵûкð취ȴһǰ취İ취Ц
ɲҶĸ꣬岻ĲһǵԭƽҲ˲亹ܵļ尾
٣ҪˣҶСӣڸһİ취ȵ򲻵ѵľأҪԪʥʿԼ࣬ʥԼ࣬Ǿ·е·ҪˣҲȹٵΨһ;
ۼСӣϣܹȹ٣ҾҪûˣҳ֣شٵʹһ˿Ϣزˣԣұʱ뿪ϣܹȻȹ٣ǻټһ죡
ǰպǻټģҶᶨĸף㣬ӣϹ½ѩ˵ӣ¶֮ɫ
񷣬ѾɫãƵ磬ɳɫѪȾһ㡣
ˢ
ձһ˺ѣһѸڿлһҫ۵ߣ죬ƿķյҶղҰף
ɱ֮ڻĿŤ˿ռ䣡
ÿֲĴ٣һͨϢܱ˿µĵȫ٣ƾҵΪûκηأҶĸܵٵĿ£һĵԽնɱ
۷壡Ψжȹ٣ſᵽ۷ĸоԺͻȻ۵Ļ٣̤۷֮·ԣгһգ壬Ҫһ٣۷壬ΨˣܳΪһǿߣ̤֮·
ɣҶЦһһɨգ͸һĨϲһ̤۷·ɹ·˶ⶣΨһ·ǰնſ̤۷壡
ѹ£ѹѹĸоѹѪɫĲͬѪϴһ㣬޾֮ǵ֣·Ǿĵһ㣬ǺڤӿŨѪζͬʱڷѪУͻȻ˸һĿĹһ㣬Ʋ񷡣
Ϣȴɱ⣬ɱƳ죡
ҶȻһɫȻһƬ飬Ȼ٣˭Ҳ޷赲ҪģǶɽ٣
̶ʮӣµϢһɢڱٵĽռ죬Ѫϴһգڤһ㣬˿ֲ֮
ѪȾ񷣬ƹͬѪһ㣻£쫷գƺҪ˺أ죬֮ҪԭҪƵȼڻ
ߴ¡¡֮һɽӰգͬ콵һ񷣬ϣ˻ݺݵߣһĵգŭ˳죡
ǣɽ٣ڰۣһǵĿֻţ࣬࣬ɽ࣬࣬еһ붸Ȼ֣ĺϴ
ж̺ĪȻ֮ƺƴ󣬿ޱȣ·Ҫһ硣
Ĵֻر仯·һȽ٣ǵȣаԹճ磬ռ磬һĩ֮ǹһ㻮
ͣ
â֯¹ȵĴһ֮ǹµĴ
Ҷüëһٶͼͨͼ֮ͷ߲ʹâͻϽ֯;ᵽһһ̣Ҷƾ
ϣѪɫ񷣬һĵâòעһԪľΣҲ䣡
ҩɲǣҶеһǿһ̣ƺԴԴߵݣҲ䡣
ⲻ߳ļ󣬿˵ȼǱȼδΪľǱ˲䱬
罻֯ŴϢâĻʯӴڰУѪɫϣɫһģ
ɽ٣һɣҪ䣡
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һâȻͬһɭȻĵɽӶȻɫһ֮⣬˭Ҳ޷ֵ

һĲҶˣһӨ͸ĹâݺݵĶֱۣ֮ϣȻһѪѪɢ䣬ƴƣؿڱƿһзٶ壬ֱۣཫƬȻպҲɡ
ޱĵ֮
˿ֲĹҶ޲ֵƽһȻˣͬʱԪתſֲĵ

ͼͨͼͬʱչҶվϣμٶΪ֮ϣͬʱֲɭȻĹߣâ׹أȻ
ܵס𣿡ңԶ֮أ̾Ϣ¶һĨҶ״̬Ŀǰʵʹʵ̫Զͬʱкһ͸ңԶһκӣʵһʵޱȵ磬ҶͱС
Һвܣ򣬷һҪҶ
ۣۣ
Ѿɱ⣬ɵҶһ·ȻаͼͨͼҲ޷˱ܡ
ָ֣ͨ𣡡Ҷ쳤Хӷǵ֮УͻȻ뵽ָֺ·ߣͻȻȻʣԭ߾ȻԴͬһͨǴͨ
սףȴǶԿǿµĹߣǷϢһ̣µϢȻ飬Ҷе·򿪣˴ƾճǰҶ㼱ƿգ
飡
ڼ֮ʱһѪţҶɫһףڼΪܣѪЩ⣬˺ķƿֵգ磬ԭâҫ۵磬һ̶ȻðҶһѾˡ
磬ɽ붯ϢȻһ䣬չֳֻصĳƺҪҶ顣
쫷أˮǬͨͬʱתֻأֲڽֻ֣أ
Ҷͫ͵һɽٵĿֲڿȻֻصĳ֣ȴ޲ֻǿ֮ӣȴ޷չֻأգֻس֣

ͼȻչأ𣬷磬ˮ죬ףɽ󣬰ȫչĹâչԶŴսһĻսֳָݣ趯ǬһĻ
̤񾳣Ҷ򵽰ͼУսᱮֶΣ趯ԾǬӳ֣ƺҲγһ硣
һ̣Ҷ㱻ͼ֮γһܣҶʵʵһδΰѵ𿪣ʹʱ޷κ
Ҷ˫Ŀб貵⣬ʵ̫ˣòʮֵľóԼеƣһȡȹ٣
ȻӣͼʼһѺۣĻӶĳĺۼɽϢѹҶϣ֨֨ƺҪ飡
ˣ
ͻȻһһ̣һɭȻĽƿնһǬ棬˿赲ɱƳ죡
һĪ⣬𣬻ſѿռŤڻѣܱȵϢǸ¯Ǵ֮ΪҽƺҪ糹ڻ
Ҷһ¶һĨһƻ֮۶أȻپ֮ܣ˵ɫˣ˰תҶ㶨Ŀռ֮ڣ
ҵ죬ֲ̫ˣѵǴͨĵâ޷ֿĿеԪʥϣ۵ĻĶ߻صԥ
ˣ翣Ψаϣ߬ԼܸԼ
ͻȻʱͣˣռˣһɫӰӣһವһ¼֮ĹҪֲ򱶣⣬ɱûκι˼ɣһɫС۵һƿ
һĪĴ̲Сڣݹ࣬޼᲻ݵĴ޴׽ƺһͨһִһֱ仯Ī⣬޾Ĵ
µĻ࣬죬ֿգ˿ӣپ£ûĶ֣Ƿɽлµһ㣡
ˣ
ɱȻռ飬Сգ۾͵ʺһֱȡҶʺһ˿
꣡
ȵϢȻȼռ䣬ȼյһ𣬰ѲϵİͼգգֲĻ棬ҶͰͼһȼ
飡
ҶĺһѪɫ䣬ɭȻĹâ˫̫ѪɫĹâһѪգ˵ϢʱյϢʱӣ
ٶӳ֮壬ͨͨͨ񣬴ŲͨͨΪľ赲סһ
Өıڹؼʱ̱ѪɫĹâʮսϣնյ赲סǵС
һָ
ҶĺһָѾ͸ָ壬Ѫ⣬ûǰԵЩֶα˿̵Ҷ㣬Ϊһ߱ʬ壡
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ʮս޼᲻ݵսҵϢȻ𣬸۶ϣأһĻš
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ͣͣͣͣ
ŭĵ˷ķȻɱ֮⣬һɱĸоȻˮ
ˮ˫ٽ
һεĽһ貵ĹâѪɫ񷣬˷ӿҶһ˿أһأ
ˣ
ռʱ䶸ȻͣͣƵüΪȻҶȴըˣǽ˺ķͷؿڣ˫ȣ
飡
̤Ҷ壬ӿϹâȻȥҶЩˣʹϮֻоĹһ㣬â˲һ˿˿򱻽գˮͣϢʼ𣬻ҲѪ
٣ΣһҪȹһҪ㣡
ҶһһѪʹȥȻˣ³һھѪⱬɭȻϢ˵ҰޣЪ˹أ
գҶʱܹصƣĺʱ˲ڽֺʱ赽֮ûУ
ûУǰУղУոУ



ڶʮһ ȭ
ԣԣ
žʹҶڵĽ˳ȥɫĹâӿĵ콣ڣѪע䲻ͣ
˫ⱩһٶܾͬʱתĹ֯һ𣬻ʶһֺĹâӿҫۡ
۵һűиѪ䣬ӲӵԪʥУ౻ͳʹϮɫ԰׵еУƿһԪʥڣ
飡
ʥɲǣͬ޹һ㣬ҶѪ壬޸ơ
ֻǿµҩɭȻĴҶܹܵ˵ģĴɢ֮ҶĴֻͨ֯ɵģһ̣߼ײŷĻ𻨣԰ҶĴ飡
ˣÿֲҩҵܹܵ˵ģҶĵһƬ䣬ѪˢʥϣҩѾԽҶĳǹžı壬Ө͸ĹǼҲ㱻ΪƬ
ԣԣԣ
λѪѪģӿֲ֮
ٶܾϣ硭
ҶͻȻ۵ĻЩİĴʻ㽻֯һüëһ˵ĵֻǱ˵ĴԼĴҪ̤۷壬ΨԼĵ·
һԼĵΣҶУƽ޲ųһĨ΢Цٶľģܾľģٶͨͼͷϲͣת
ת硢ɽ붯âǿʢ̫࣬ȻһΣ붯Ȼŷһ˿΢Ļ֮âӿ֮߷
֮ǿٵ֮ʱֵϢǰ֣г֣Ҳδػݻ磬˿̣ǿѹȣһĨ֮
ҶĿһͣȻɽͼϵһĨϢȻ֮
س֮
Ԫʥҩ䣬һҶȻ֮򣬷ٶܾչֳһǰƣѹסҩƻ
ˣ
ٶͨͼһһ̣Ҷ㱻֣촽䶯һ˿֮
գԪδ룬أиôһιŹֵľģ֮һһ״̬
汦ڸԹļӳ£Ҷ磬һ̣ĹâûɵģһƬ磬磬Ǭҡ롢㡢ޡתݻ磡
֮֮Уâ뵣緢ԭɵͷâˣҫ
һͨһַţһϴһͨ۷·ȻҶһ·ɱ¾ĵ֮ˣȡǶǴȻĲǴĲͬһ˿֮
磬缴
˿̣Ҷӻʵ磬һĻӡԺɵϢѾڣأһƬ޵Ĺ⾰ȴӡԺ
ͻȻһ˿ԺǻϢǰ֮ϢƯķ磬죬ǷࣻȼյĻ棬֮ǻ࣬Ƴɽɽأɽࣻޱ޾ˮ࣡
ĻϢ٣ڽ̵Ҷ
ڣȻ֮˸뵵Ĺâÿһ˿ǻɵɫһһ㣬֯һĴͼ˿ʵдգ
ѪˢµҩҶľֱײʹѪţ˿̣ҩ˳űĴҶĵڣ
ٶܾתµľԺ˸ֻͣ˲䣬߾Ľϵһ˸ɵĻϢ
򷨹һڣ
ĽҶȻ˫ĿƱã
Ҷһɱ⣬е֮ⱻ˳أգ޼᲻ݣ޿ɵĻ֮⣡
ڷһ˲䣬ڷٶܾɲǣʱ򣬾ͬĻ֮һ㣬֮
ǴٽΣΣƣɱȭҶͷŭ죬ܵٵشɲǼ˷ˣܲ㾡ȫ֮
ǱڷȼգԪһǧͻȻһ룬ֻʣ꣬¡һ죬͵غһȭȭȭ֣ÿһȭĺƺһǿ׷࣬Ȼը죡
飡飡飡飡
磬磬磬ÿһȭһοٵأԭе棬½Ĺ򣬻䣬ǧתֻأҶǬߵ׺ɣ
ҶԼ·һû߹ĵ·һܶʼͨδĵ·ʺĴʼУһԼĵ·
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ѪɫĿĹâѪȭͷɲǣͣҡΣأâ顣
һȭȶʮսͬʱһ
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׭ȻһӰȴľ֮ϣһᱮһӰӣ죬죡
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׭ϹسһĻ֮緢һĨϢĴŴҪһ֣
Ȼ䣬׭һӳ˺ܶ࣬ԭõĹâʵ
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ֱգȻҶϣһĨϢĻܸܵȭľûһ˿ʡ
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Ԫȼհɣ
ϣȻ֮ٴ֣ŵҶǿȼ꣬һΣٴȼԪ
ԭӢһϻһԿµϢ˫ް߰ף˿̵ͬһˣ
ߣΣͨͼ֣ҶһͨͼչУâӿһ˸ĹҶҰڣ



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Ҷɫһ䣬ͬµĴһ㣬ը鿪ܿͱѪǣԭ뵵磬ҲûҰ
˿ֲǣѪɫĹâƺһͨ·ֲϢѪ˷𣬲ҶûѪء
̺ſֲᴩأ˽ƣȻٶȴԽ˹٣ֱҶĨɱ
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Ҷֱ̧һͨ磬ƿһƣȻ䣬ƺƴֻ׹Ƿꡱ֮ըѣ
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һʱ֮貵˼㣬㣬͸֮һ𣬷죬ʱ˹㳹ױһѪɫ·
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գۼ䣬һ׭Ҷڣ׭ҶǰʶɢȻʶпһʺ֮أɹ磬ΪҪһ֡
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ᱮûһ˿ͬһʯ񣬾Ҷ㣬ȴ֪ᱮԲһ㣡
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۷ᱮֻȴȱ۵ӰӣΪγΪ۷ᱮѵⱮ۵ģǺǿе̣ı۷ᱮģᱮԭˣ˭Ϊûһ˿Ϣ
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ҵ죬Ǵ˵ǸˣǴٶѰҵˣ۾˫һĨ˼顣
Щ꣬ۿ۶ȹ٣ȻҲΪ޵һۣΨ֪۲ǴѰҵ̳ˣ۶ɽ֮ʱˣһСۡ
ܹͬᱮֳһһȴԿԼ֣ӿӡɹȹ٣ֻϧջˣ´µıӦӦˬ
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ˣô٣͸ĻˣҶЦһңеĴ٣ᱮ֣аնԿ٣ɽ𺣡
۷ᱮսᱮץУݺݵĴ˹ȥ
ᱮԿɽ𺣣
˵٣ΨзᱮܶԿǣڷᱮٲ߹



ڶʮ 
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ֻᱮڿлһĻߣᱮûκսᱮֽ֮ϢûУһжƽƽһʯͷһ޶͵ɽײһ
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飡飡飡Ҷ쳤ХԵ٣ûǰη֮ģΨһǿ֮ģֱǰģûж赲ĽŲ
䣡
Ȼڶײɲǣؼ貵ĹͬһƲ񷣬ķ
˾ǣǵأɭصĵ⣬Ȼһûκķᱮ飬ѳǧ⽣âȫ飬⽣ǣױҶ֮У
ǻеһ£Ȼתƣɽ𺣵Ӱչ֣һͨĻڰ۶档
ᱮƴ٣Ȼˣȹ٣ڶļ̳ˣҪ̳ʲôǺչֵĴֱʣȲпֶΣѡ̳ˣҶгʣģͻȻ֪һеĻ˭
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ĵⶸȻը˲䣬ᱮûһ˿ͣ͵˼ǳֱȥһ̣ɫķᱮյͨ졣
΢΢һڻ⣬齣֮һ֮УĻȫɣ

ҶߴȵϢХȥĻƾȻһͬϽˮһڴ󺣣Ұ֮УֻǿֲĻ𺣾Ȼ۷ᱮɡ
ҶĿ࣬ڰۣҲ¶Ц֮⣬ѹԼʮķᱮСߣ֪ǿߵĴ٣Ҳ׶ȹˣλܼˡ
ȥɢԭѪɫսˣһǬʱҶҰڣֻ˿̵ҲûзǹƣǾڿУٵӰ˸ͣ
ˣ
ͻȻһ춸ȻҶҡͷ񷣬ֻһյڱǰĺӶȻڴ˵أ֪ʱȻö
غӣ
Ҷ֪֮ص־ش£˵޴ڣܣȴʲôܣ
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Ҳ֪жǿҪռΪУǲֲ֮ңΪһѰ׹ǣ˵ҲûҵǵӰӣ
غӣΪγѵд鷢ҶһǵĹâ
ôغӣѵԶǸûɫһףڵϣ¶ֻ֮⣬Ҷ㿴Ȼʧɫܰŵڵصʲô´ڣ
֮࣬λѵѾˣΪֻʣһغӣͨ챦ǲˡغӶôˣѾʮˣҲûϢˣҲԶˣ
ҶȻʧɫ۾ȻǶʮǰƺغӵй飬˵йڣ
ࣣ
ͻȻҶֻоһ岻ķȫһ䣬ԭ磬µϢΪŨλ꣬˼գͱ˲ɣˡ
Ȼ磬ȴ뵵Ϣ쾳һ㣬ѤõȻϢҶеȻ泩ǵصеˬ
ɽľïʢΨһ˾ȵǣûŶκҶ˵أΨһһ
ǰǰɣ
΢͵ĹʱչµϢɢȥҶҲˣָӣûһ˿壬ݹ
ŨϢĪ磡Ҷ΢ڴҪ֪ٵУҪΪʲôѵ˵ѡ̳ˣ
ףԴ֮ҶһȻɽһߣһ峺ĺȻǺʵȴˮǱԴ֮
ÿ綼űԴԴ֧֮תľ裬һзתɱԴʼգԴ֮Ҳֺ֣ܶʱձԴпռ䱾ԴﱾԴ
ǣռ䱾ԴҶһϲüǳȫʧִ󾪵ﲻпռ䱾ԴıԴ籾Դ֮ҵ죬ѵǲŦҪô籾Դףʱ䱾ԴȻ飬ֲãǲϢŨԭʱ䱾Դй¶ɢ磬ʹ֮Ϣκǿߣ
ʱ䱾ԴڵĻҵ絹ǿԱøʵʱתγƬԴҲӦôڵģֻӦڴսбˣϧˡҶ̾Ϣ
ȻֱԴҲӦˣϾЩԴ֮ŵ棬ôۺ죬ݵĳᣬ֣ܳΪЩԴ֮ǳӶ֤֮
û뵽˵صıԴȻɺ֪統Ƕôǿᣡ
ЩԴҶȻĶԱԴ磬ܰϵıﻯ֮ϣǹ
ܿ죬ҶüͷЩ˴ѵıԴ֮ǰֻȴûԳأԴ֮ıԴǸ߽ڴԴ֮顣
˵һ˿Դ֮ѹһɽ壬һѺȻһ㣬ʶ΢ȻӰȻɻཽעɣ
˵еĻΨϽУһŻܰһסһܣĺȻǻཽɵģ
ҵ죬ȫǱǲˣΡɽ壬˵Ҳĳֲֿпǰ׹Ƕѻɵɽ壬вŹǣѵϣĴǴ˵е죬磡Ĺȣ
Ҷɻ󣬿ЩΨеԲЩ·ڼһУֱ̫ˣϢųȥ֮ؽƽ
˵һٶȻԶɳ磬ײҶУĿһٶѹʶıں˾ʶΪһҶݻ֮֮֯ϢʢرԴɹ
գҶȥˣȻٶ飬ҲҪһԣɲֱɽգʹˡ
ʱҶâ뵣ĿԴ֮ĺ貵Ĺâ˻һ䣬ɻཽעĺɽ
꣡꣡
ٶողҪռԴ֮ȴû룬Դ֮ǿ֣֮촫޷ܣԴ֮ѹ飬ĶƬͻࡢԴ֮ϵһ
ҿҶһɫüΪѿٶʶ࣬ɲǣԭƽһʶȻ˸ҵĹâκˣŭ˳죬ƽ
ôֲıԴ֮׺ռҵķٶѵҪⱾԴ֮ʴһͭ䡣ҶȻһ̾
Դ֮˻ںģȻһɫһʯ飬Ϲâ磬֮ʯ
ףǱԴ֮ػ汦ֺкθϵֱֻܿɽֿȵıȴ޷ȡҶһòЦҡͷ
Դ֮ıԴ֮˵ǿռ䱾ԴľҲ籾ԴľܹⱾԴ֮磬罫ױȵɣ⻪ɣܳΪһʵ磡
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һ·ĿİҵĵʯٶȻѵһֻ̣ܿűﾲʣûһ˿취𣡡Ҷоһϲ
ٶΣҪⱾԴ֮ͻȻɽĪܣܹܱԴ֮Ҿݻ磬ҶΣ
Ҷ㳤ЦһŵȫʧȻ֪Լ뷨Щ棬ǲ֪뷨ܳɹ
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еֲҪǧһЩһŲ飬ٸ㣬Ҷӣڴ˵СȥȥֳĽͽܣŻææİֲߣһյĵطŲ飬©һ˿ҩ
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â֣߻ųգ۵ĹǧٿףƬԪƬȻˮһӿҶ壡

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һƬڵϣҶһϲ̫ػԭ֣߻ǻƣ޷ӵ׷ѾѪһƬƬ̫ػӡУû뵽վȻҶ㡣
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Сӵĵ治һĴ󣬾ȻʮԪͶֵľԪƬǿг죬һʧˣ롣оҶĵΪž޲Ҳ¶һĨ鲨
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֪Ƥһ¶ɫԾȻ֪Ϊλ̵ܵĵطѵǴǿɱڴˣǸԼҸˮأȡ˺һã



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ǰһɫüΪѿʲôˣܰɣһλֺһϵֶ쳣ǿ׿޲ڣô˵䰡
УⶼˣһϢûУûҶǸҶ磬һɥʦֶģҶ㻹ţǽܵĹϵѵҶʲô»ңҶҪˣܵܵģôܰѽƣ
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ǰĿ˸ҶڴˣȻϳ캣ϯӣҲռ̳޷ͳԪѡ
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ҶһҪҲҹȥ
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ףҶһæܹȥסףֹסѪֲֻ֢ҪһܴȥѪעʲֹ
磬ҸϳȥϳȥҶ˿ң˿̵ӼΪǱҡ
׷ͺڷˣֻ֢˭ܾ˴ﻹдһ˿ϣ˳ɻãɽǬɴޣҶϢҲɲš
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ֲҾͳȫ㣬ȥɱ
ʱһӵȻгԶƵŭ⣬ݵˣ޷һһɿµƴ߽٣һɫӰڼԶ
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ڶʮ ֱ
Ȼ䣬һ̹ǣǷĽҲһֻһָоǾǿ־壬Ŀ־塣
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ͷһƣĽûκζأһ죬ǰʱȻɳȥȻײɽʯ֮ϡ

꣡꣡
Ҷƿһţֱ˹ȥݺݵ̤֮ϣʹ߹Ǻ˵է˳ҶֶκʮѪȡ
㲻˵Ѿ𣿺ߣȻҵĸ׺ͽ㣡һλûд㣡ڵҹԶԶҶ죬⼸Ȼдޡ
һ˵ĸ׺ͽҪܵ裬Բģ
ĽڷŭȻҶӴʱ䲻ȴ֪ҶֶΣ֮ɱǿߣŭ֮ʱȻûһȫʬʴ֮ǰΪȷҶ䣬ŸҶҶϡ
֪Ҷ㻹ţһٸӣ緽ĽƳҲҶ۰
ߣڲǿθˣ㲻˵ĸ׵ĲϣȥɱҾͳȫ㣡ҶͻȻһ̤ݡ
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Ҷ˫ϥأȪӿĸ㲡̬дʹʵТܿˣа취͸ƣ
Ļţ̫ˣ̫ˣûµģֻҪžͺáҶϱŶӣһʱ״Ρ
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ȴһĨŭɶ˻һ޷˴ʧɫʱ۷׷
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ҲҪʱɣһλҸΪ˵ѾʶǬʮʵʵǻǿŰɣɱ˷ĽڣҶȻô˵ģҵҪҶճ
⻹˵ҽû̳ģοиͨĴ磬Ǭɵ߻ʣ˭˲ǵ֣ҿҶǲУ

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һƷԪУӨ͸ĹâҶסĸ׵֣΢壬һ̣˿⡣
ԪҪ澭һв֢ȻȻ˽⣬ʴҶ㹻ģԪ뾭ҶϵþӨ͸
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ȼĸ׵ĲǶأʴǹƣ
ֶֻҪһѣͻ̣ЩСʴǹҪɳ徭ڵĸʣʹҶϱ֢һ΢һͷѣƣ
öֶΣߣȻֶݺҵĸףҲҶĿɭйâ΢һһ΢СۿʴǹץУҶ㲢ûͣӶİʴǹ˳漴ۿ˷Ľһۡ
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ҵ죬ʵ̫ˣһ÷Ľڲ˵ʴǹƴ壬ֺݾҲãɽܵУ
ǷĽڹȻֱո˼ңתƵϣӦˬ

Ӵǣԭûʱһ޸˹ĽڵɲǣһĨߵʲôãͨı£ܾȵûЦʴǹ֮ˣȫÿһͷѣʹ
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ƷԪȻȥǴޣرҲܳʴǹƵģѩô㲻죬ѵΪһˣЦѩЦҶһƷԪ׺ľԽ֮⣬Ц
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һ̣ͨΪӷ£ʵϣѩΪûͨǰЩӣķֵܵĸףع飬ҩΪΪֶΡ
һûˣھΪĸƶ޿ˡҶһֱ̧һȭ֮ӿ֣ͨ壬һš



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콣أ޷бһҼҴƼһȴ̺ͨ壬ѨϣȻ֮£ͻɱ֣ɱ˸ֲܷ
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ȫըѣһѩҲ˲ŵҶȴУɻֻΪĸ׹ιƶӾ
ؾɢȥҶ˫Ŀԭ۽Ƕʱչ˿̵ʱһ˿̬ݹԭĹͷüӲޱȣľ磬ڷ
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Ϊ͹ͨ죬ǿΪҲĸףҶߵƾҲĽҽ㣬ҲҰļǿӵϣ˺ĸף͸
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ֲ˴һǼλ֮ˣҲûĶ˰ɣ·ĽƳ֣ҲδУ
УǿҲǞ죬οĽرڵҶĶ֣Ҫ֪ĽƷѩ

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Ǭתת񷣡ʱѩȻ֮䣬Ԫǳ΢ʩչ˲䣬ͣǬתĪ⣬ڳҶߵɲǣ˲仯޾档
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˸ɭȻȻֱ캣ˣԣǸûʸֹұصնɱҶڲãɽк棡
Ҷ㣬ѩ̫ϳϵŮһնɱض֮ŭʱ㽫ٲά裬ɱǾʹ˰֣һ캣ɫһ죬ҧȰ
̫ϳϣ˾һɱˣ
ҶȻѩãǾͽľԪƬΪ𵤣
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ҵľԪƬ̫ˣҸ㣬ûܹңҶ㣬ͲҪ˵ˣ캣˵Ĳ̫үү̫ϳ֮һֻҪܵҵһ˿Σգͻ֣ʱǿҲĶ֣һŵӰ֣ѩꡣ
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׼ʼɣ𵤣Ҷ¶һĨЦڿ״̬ĺһķڡ
𵤣ŵرǴӺζ㾹ȻҪΪǸӣѩŭһȻľԪƬѾӿܽڣⱩ𣬺ͽϵһ
ͣ
𵤳չͨȫչֳɶͨ󹥻ͨͨͨͨԪͨͨͨͨǬͨȻͨͨħͨ˼ͨͨ
ʮͨǰĿˢˢˢҶڣѩΪ𵽵á
ɣɣͨΪãҶ쳤Хһ壬ֻо͵ͨ硣
ٶеͨ壬滮֮ٴҶ壬ܶʼΣͨ壬֡
ٶ̫ˣеҿҶ磬ʱ뵵ѩһƬʰ쵵磬߱ǵҩ㡣
˿̣Ҷһ֣ٿήȫɾľԪԼ壬Ӷӿ𵤣ٶȸǿ쵽˼¡
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ͨԪͨһߣûҶ壬һ˿ĴͨҶ񣬴ɲĴͨһ
Ҷڣâɵʧȡ֮ľȻһӰͨӰӣÿһӰӣһͨ塣
ͻƣ죬ҳȥҶ㱩һѩĴץһ˿ԪƬҲڣɲǼâɣ



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ٶһҡΣʵĹâҫأҶУ𵤵ľʮͨΪʮŵӰ֮УΪҶһ֡
ѩ˫ĿĿգҶ㲻ɱ˾ǣѩĳӡɱоԪƬƬԾɲд
ҶҲı뷨ʱҲʱ벻ջ
ڻٶ֮ڣΪѾ˼£ϾҪ̤죬ȴٳ޷ͻƣͬ˵ȱٴ
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һۣۣ
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µľԺȻըѣһľʹ㱻ĨɱȻҪõҪ˷ĥֱ־Ӳ͸ŽдɹҲҪ̤߾ؼҪֶΣ
ʱһţʱҶǿԿۣ˿˫ĿѪᣬ־Ĵľأһ̶߳ȡ
ˬ죡Ҷ㳤ЦһͨͼܾŸ̵ļ⣬˵˿ܾΪһ֣ܾܾ
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ͨͼĹâ΢΢죬ҶȴĶŲһ˿Ϣ֮Ҳ׷۷ڣ
ͨͼİ壬ȻǰҶдϲæתܾһ̣ȻʣֻоԭС·һͨ۷Ŀׯ
ⲻ֪䣬ҶΪǣȻ̤ƿȻ̤
䣡
ˣԭ΢ݽߵľԪȻ䣬羫ԪȻγһʵĺԪǣǧֱ꣬ǧ꣡
Ҷǿƹɱķĸ׵ĲʹתƵĽڵϣѩ䲻գĽѾҶ´սպ󣬾սԹ̨
˵Ľóһλɲעλɲݣǿһⶾֲ۸޷ҶԼƵĻٶעǻٶܹײͨǿߣֲ֮
Ҷ㣿Ǹ½㣬Ȼͷʦ־ս²ֵһᣡ
֪ʲô¼Բô˵ͷѾͷʦ֣ͨ·λʦʦһǿˣ

ܵܣһսаգҶĵʵҪΪ˽ȥðգҿûλɲݣΪҲνġ
ҶӦĽƾսҪԭ򣬱ĶעλɲݣҶеĶظҩɽ⣬Ψλɲݵҩˢ֮£ָܻ
㣬ҶҲӦֱС˾սԹ̨ǲãɽеӽԹ֮أ˭Ҳƫ̻Դ˴ξսѡڶԹ̨
ģ㣬ĽҵǲġҶ㵭ЦԺȴһֲӰӣһ뷢׵ߣ̧־ܻأֲ֮ѩɲǣһ˿ͲҶĨɱ
ұʵսҾԪһ⣬ȥǸͷأȻȫɱңϣΨԼϣҶﰵԴ
ãɽԹ̨
Թ̨ʮ׸ߵУɸ˿դΧϣɣܹλλ߶Ծơ
˿̣ҶͷĽվϣţⷽĽһϮ£üһȻӣһŵľԪĪ⣬Ϊֲ
ıֳһֻӰڵסȻֻϵ˫˫ƺǷ˵˫ļϣϷ׭âƣеĻӿȥƸӱڲϢһ֮ƣ
ͻ˷ĽƾȻͻƵͨˣȻǿ󣬾Ȼ̶̰ͻƣȷرҶҪذˣ
ãɽ¶Ĺâг˳ȵϢƺռ䶼Ťˣ˿ǷĽĸߴ࣬ƽʱҪһء
ǿɲһһҶҲО죬նɱͨǿߣΪٴִ죬ѵܸĽƣ
δذɣѩôܺͷĽȣΪǿģս֮ͨͲˣⷽĽƿʮĲãɽˣ
ǰĽƵսĿãױǣһոսҶ㣬Ტ۵ģ

Ҷ㿴˳ųķĽƣһһۣ¶𾪵ĹâȻǷͬڷ˵壬Դ½ʮõ֮֮٣ΨзѪ֮ˣſܴе
ȻĽƱһˣӵзѪĴߣ˷˵׳Ϊһ֮ˣŵշġ
Ҷ㣿ΪҵҲûˣĽƸ߰ڣ˵֮䣬Ƿ˫͵ĶĻͬһǵأҪԹ̨֡

ڵ淢Х֮ƬؾХ֮ΪһƬǸ˿դյͨ죡
ߣ
һߣҶָᵯԹ̨϶Ȼһһ̹ǵĺ紵⽣˪٣ѩȻĻ澹Ȼһ˿˿ǣɢ飡Ƽ漴飬ƽϢ
һս֪֮ʲôǿˣȻһЦƽ̨ϱƽ˶ס˺
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һ̣˶ʼ˽ĽƶҶĿ⣬˸ʲôȻ˳ͷԳ
ҶƤһ¶Цݣȴһֻεͷ
ӣ֪ͷȵ¶֣صӣĿĶҶ㡣
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Ҷͷ
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ʲôʦ̤ͨǿߣȻնɱˣôܣ
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ΪΣѵ㲻֪Ź棬ΪҪɱŵӣĪɱ˶ᱦͷϻƶ䣬ͷ֮ǿΪҶˣѪȴȻ壬Ȼվ



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ʱȺгһӰһĨĪĹâģһ˫쳣貵ӣһ۾޷ĿҶһۣĿȥڶ֮УȴԵúۡ
һɺԣ˵Ҫ֤ݣˣߵڰףͷŭ˸ҪҶ㡣
վҶķĽһĨֻЦݣ̨µҶϺҶ򽹼ĿҶ㣬һ֮⡣
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˰ΣͷڵͷĿ磬Ҷ㣬еˣҲ˵ɱɱȰ㻹ɱ¾ʹ˽ҹͨͼȻõˣǾ˽ƷҲӸ棬ֻϣպΪ֮
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һһԹ̨
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𾪵һĻˣֻķ˾ȻһȭɳȥѪ쾹Ȼһ룬ͷ΢СıӱһȭѪģ
ʲôһȭô˿ֲȻѻķʦִɳȥ죬ҵ죬⵽ҪôֲŰǱ
ʮͨôɹģľԪȻ˿£շĽƱذɣ
Ҷ㵱ֲûеͨʮ֪ͨﵽͨλ֮սֲֵزλδǶ˰ɣ

ĽƣҲˣҿ㻹֮ĹҶ㳩ЦŴͨ壬𵤣Դ𵤣оԼ޳ӯȴеһ˿ѹƣ˶ͨҪ̤ߵľ磬ԽԽѣ
Ҫɱ㣡ɵķĽƺȻһ죬ܻŭ죬±˫𶯣Ȼ۶ȻϣǹɳȵϢռŤ
ǷĽƳһܵ˴һ̣
գҪ㣡ҧгݣ˫Ķݹࡣ
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ʲôҵ죡
ǰʮ̫ػҶô˿ֲĶ




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һϨȻǿһԺ䵽һ𾪵һĻˣӰȫɳȥ˭Ҳκ˭
ȼǧԪսͨ죬ԾУĲ༫ΪĽҲԴ
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һ̣ڵ˵Ҷ㣬ȻֹסΣٴα˭Ҳû뵽ٶȺһȭһȭû˻İ壬Ҳûͨ壬еΨȭ⣡
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ĽƷһֻŵŭѾܵȭˣһУ޵һȭɴ۾Ŀһȭؿڣ
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Ҷǿ£պһҪֺˣĲǵģ

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£Ҷȣ㾹ҽ㣬޸Ϊ檣
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߶ԣҲϣǽѣŲһʹ࣡
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һ֮Ҷ㶸Ȼ𣬺ɣȭӷʤУΪ绯ޣ
һ⣬ΧƷĽƻ£ȫ
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ȻĽƵͭƤǣҶ£֮ϴһһα飬飬飬飡
ѾѪģȫûһ⣡
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ݣǵľѾݣѵһ㣡Ȼ㲻Ҿʹ£ҹ£Ҷݺݵ裬ŭԪڣԶãɽ׷壬С壬ڱչصģڷֵģһ
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꣡꣡
ѹǵʮ̶ִһ̣ʱվֹˣ˶ͣеĶѹ֮˲ãɽ䣬ɭȻֲҽУ
ͨ
Ľ˫һȻڵϣҶŴЦ쳤ХԺ˭ٸҼˣӣ
ڲãɽϿգþò



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ЩҶںӣһͨͼÿһοͷۻ˫ĿѪΪֹȻգĽʮ֮졣
һڶ죬λɲ͵ҶҶĶҲڼ֮ڣŷųȥΪҲͻƣʽ̤ͨ졣
Щӣÿ峿𴲣һŮǰãһΣ˷
ŮӴżΪ֣һϮۣԵʮȴ¶ݣΨһ˫貵ӣһҶע⣬Ȼ֣ᷢҶֳͨͼע⵽ġ
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Ҳʦܳţ֪ң·ӣţҲ˵ǵӣֻǸŮѡʦܲҪãȻܾͨͼǬҹһţҹһţ⣬ʦҲһţļǰѾҶԸ磬ûкôԲȥҺôҪҪ죡
ŮţҶһͨͼһаţţţĿһЦЦĿģ΢΢𶯣һ졣
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ǬҹΪǬҶʦ֪Ǭɵڰ˻ʣΪ̤֮ͨºͷĽʦֲ£ʮֲֿ֪ʦܺЩڣǰʦܾܲģ
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ҶԴ֮󣬾֮ʳҪ߳ԼĴ˭Ҳ޷赲赲Ȼ͸ңҲܣ飡飡飡
Ҷȴһصǻڵķ׭Ȼȫ飬ɵεεƬѾ
Ƭڣ𾪵һĻˣȻȫ飬ɷľԪԭĺһֲĴ󺣣
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һˣҶα𣬶Ȼܷٶȿ쵽˼£ͼУԱƱǿǿ׹ͣͼףףұף



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Ǭһʳָָ£һ⼤ֱӰ޵ʹ÷飬һװ޵ԴƬ
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ǰҶΪǿҵС֮ϣҶܹԮ֣֮ΪҵѰӻ֮κ͵༸ͬ顣
Ҷ۾һУЦЦĵŶбǵ𣿡
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ҲǲУֻҶĳһ󣡡Ҷо˸Ȼ⼸Ѿ֣ҲԴУûһܣҲһʤ㡣
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Ǭ΢ЦһıóѵζɭɱҶɵӣҲܿ
Ҫ뿪ǰ˵ҵӦÿ뿪˵أȥǹԪˡ



ڶʮ ƿ
Ҷ㣬㲻˰ɣĪһ漴ֵ̯Ͽû㲻Ըȥһɢ
ǰ൱һͨһĹˣʨӴ󿪿ڣҲκ͵
Ҷ۾һۣתߡ
ҶǬһ㶣û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ˹ϣѵԪ˵Ŀпޣ뵽ľѪ׼򿪹Ԫţҧҧ͸㣡
а룺ʱȸ㣬ҾͲڶ̶̰ʱȫնɱ㣬ֻصҵ𣡸οҵǺõģȻҪ͸㣬Ҳһɰա
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ǴȻȶƺңҾ˷۱ʱ㣡ҶȻһЦװµӣ˷ܵİװ봢䣬漴һȣڱ֮ϣͨ򱱺۶ȥ
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һ棬ֲֳʵ̫࣬ԽԽǿԽնɱԽֱ޵Ϊͨǿߣս˵ͨأκҪնɱǣö˺ɭȻľ
һ棬Ҷ㾹ȻչͨһմȾͻһ̲࣬оԪƬӿ壬һĻ˾ﲻѡ
ôаľԪѵͲµõǵĴҲЩ޵ĺ󳾣Բ壿Īɫ䣬Щ޴Ĵʵ̫ײУҲϹĶԼ޵һ˿ѪմȾҶ㾹ȻǵľԪƬǴΪ
ҲãھԪƬתɴ֮ʱͻᶯҸʱмˣǬЦ
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κЪ˹صŭţ˭Ҳû˿з̹⣬죡
ʱ̥ߵڣԽԽǿ󣬼ҶǣҲҪЩ
κһһ֣ˣԸĪҶͽˣȵ۵ıԵشһ֣ضҪնɱǣ
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ʱһͷͨһӴ˳ǴŶĵҺͷ޺֮ǰЩͬһһ׳ĸ׶βͣɨеʯΪ촷ۡ
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ңҰɣǰ˵д͵һƨˣͲΪˣ㣡ҶүҶүү
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ڶʮ һаܱ
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ʦ㣬ҪȥڴٴȥȥҶһδ˵꣬ӰѾüͷҶӿԿȻȥѰȥˣ
˱Ӱһۣ΢˼Ҳ˹ȥ
ɽڹâȴһĪĵֵǣͷ­ȴûݣڵϣ߶ֵ
趯һžԪڣɽһĵҩȼգһ̣һֲĺչ֣ʷ֮ӣҲ½ʷĺ
ͷϣһƿӣһƿӣĪܣɽѣʯ׹
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ʱһֲӰԶźи֣֮УϸӰĺǵȻȫһͬҲû
Ȼ˱ǸˣѾȫٻԶźҵ
Ŀ˸ﲻϣҩȼգգ۵Ĺ򣬱ʧһ룬ʮ֮죬ֻϵĹţͷϵƿ΢΢ƺͨڽ̸
ʱȻ˶ûݵͷ­ҡɭϢɽ¶ֱ½ɲǼ䣬ŭţֲϢ͸棬ʹôҴҸҶ㣬һ
ÿֲϢʲôзκˣμٻȥܵϢƺںϹĳ﹵ͨ
Ǳеɽɲǣ˲䱻һɿֲϢɣǹϢԲǴܵϢǾܣϢ
Ҷ𾪣־ĹâȷУںλֲĳЩΪ֪Ľס
˰СʱɢҶоһȻƿڴ˽ȥ
Ŀ˲䣬Ȼ񣬴˿̵ϹâδȥԾɹڵϣ˿̣ͷϵƿȴһӣ
ƿ
Ҷ㶸ȻһƿϹţһλĵⷨȻȫʢ֮ʱâɼĿֲȻλѾ伸꣬Ĵбسǵڤ̳УӶ½ΪǬɵʣħʣ
ȴôҲ벻һλĴоȻУõƿӣνǴѾȫֻձضΪɣ
Ǻˣһ嶸ȻϢΪ£ƺ̧־ܷ鷽Բ

ңĿһЦҲᴫ𣿿ϧˣѾ֣Ϊʵ̫һָĨɱ㣡
һⱩţƾҶһ𣬲ʧɫû뵽һ˿£˵һָĨɱҶ㣬Բԡ
ЩӣҶʵ̫˳ˣһǿв߹ԽԽͣûô㣬ʹæɱ
ȴû뵽ʱѾʶǬɵʣĴֱǰȻٴĿҲҪһβУ͵ڶΣԲʧģ
ȻˣֻϧΪʵ̫սĶʧȥˣɱû˼֪ھ͹ģڷ㣬Ҳһūͣȥһģǿҵš
ƾ㣿⻰˴̶˻˵ģû뵽ȴԼĳ˵ԼŭӿȻȵ
ߣ֪ôһȣֻ˫ָ£һɭȻ⣬ռžһը飬ֲռ䶸Ȼ顣

Ҷɫ䣬һָƽ棬ȴ˸żΪɭȻϢͨƿһνֲ֮֮
ħХ񷣬𶯾죡
ãħǿߣ
ȻʧɫϢλߣħ벽ͷҪ˵벽ͷһָһ˿ϢܰҶ㳹Ĩɱ
ʶľҪܶȥȻȴȵķ֣屻˵أã
Σ֮ʱҶӳսǰǣͼٶ֮ͨͼĴ׵ı˳Ϊ赲ױȵһ
ۣˣۣۣ
ͼâȻһһӱ㰵ȥ漴ըٶҲ΢һĪ֮ͨͼȫըѿ
ҶѪ룬ѿɲ֮䣬ѪģһըѸԭôرȫ̶ͬȵ١
ٶܾҼӳ֣Ԫ磬Ҷ۾һ±ȼǧԪӳֵ˼£һݣеҩԪӿ壬һڣһ̣ҶΪǵ˼¡
Ҷһ·ɱ¾֣һһܵļҵף˿ȫըֹ֪ܷһָ
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ָ⼤䣬գۼµһ±رȫػ٣ͼеսᱮһ˿âը磬ȫ飬ٶڵıԴ֮Դ֮࣬ɽһеһȫը鿪
֮ͨͼȫһָѣҶֻоҪĥ־ʹ뵽ɲǣ˿̵ľʹǻҪֲ
֮ͨͼǳ棬𣬸𣬵ֵסҶȻһȣǣҲһ
ۣ
ָ緱ǣȻһָȴڰջǧʱըһ㣬ܰҶĥ
Դ飡ҳֵ֣סһŭǳ˯ѾõıоϮ֮һĨϣ
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ָⶸȻը飬ԴĿֲܣֻһֱӰһָըҶȻѣҲһοԴɱС
˿ûκʱ˼ѸҺžƣûЪ˹صĺľоԪǱһЩĬŴŲͨ˲ͨƶͨͨ
ಣˢ
ǧԪȼգٶȿ쵽˼£ǹٵļٱವһ¼ȥ
ߣҲӣ룡һû뵽ԼһָȻֻОļһֵȥҪߣŭ
һԹȻģΪκǰ˵ļһָоΪǿңǱʶػɱ۸δۣ
ӣӣӣͨ壬ȫһӷǧԪױȵǱһ̶Ȼһ±˦˳ȥ
Ѿħ벽ͷ֮³̶޿Ųƣһ±㸩ȥٶͬ쵽˼£ֱ̧һָգ۱ɱҶǰ
һָǬأһָɱնɱҶ֮ģȻǿҡ
ҶͫһָֻƿնҪɱɫ䣬һ˿ӿͷ



ڶʮ 
ˣ˴αɣҶͷͲһĿֲأҶţܶȹȥҲųĽл֮ڣʶ֮ͨ
ħ֮İţֻҪһ죬ܹ˴Դ˿̣;ֻлȥзıǮ
ӵһɥ֮ȮΨн֮ɫûһ˿ڣֻһķȥ
ߣɣ
ָ䵽Լħ֮һָΪ˽⣬һָǬͽ߸ѡ
𣿽һָɱЦʱͻȻһֻͻȻһŮŮӺɴ棬һϮۣݣ貵޷
ģ
ȻҶʦ㣬ġ
ʲô˸˴ԲѣնɱСӣնɱ㣡ħʵ裡һȣгǿҵš
ֻ̧һƣܷܷһ̧ǵâȻըѣһ̳ʹ˻ҷ
һ̣Ҷ㶼ʧɫദһ£δĳ֣Ȼֶ֪˸ǿǾɱһָ򵥵һ飬һ֣Ͳ֪Ҫǿ٣
ʲôһ𣬽Ų͵ֹͣйâͣǵȻӣǼװģǾɱһָ˵ͨ죬ͬǿħ벽ͷնɱŮ赭дȥǿ̶ȿ֪ˡ
ôߣѵնɱ㣿ħһ죬Ϊ޵ˣȻɣҾ͸ƣ»سԣĻǵȴһŭȻһƣռ䶸Ȼը飬һӱ˹
ûһɱʶõ˲䣬ƾ˺ķݺݵӡϣ
ۣɫһףһѪһײɶȥݺݵˤڵϣϵ飬һѪɫӡӡؿڣɭȻ֮
򵥵һƣȻѣƿӣ˿̶ȻѾ䣬һɫӡô򵥣
ôŲǺײе𣿾ȻҴʦܣʣߣѡŨŨĲмˣõʣһƴɣǷʲô
ɫ䣬ŨŨĺ⼤˿̵ûһ˿ŵʣǸЪ˹صʧߣ־ʼͳȥҶһȣʵ̫ࡣ
ڵҶڵϣڴڵĴŴ¶ЦݣɲϢѾɢҲһγ֣˲ʡ
һʧܣûдԽԽǿԽԽ̣
ɣٿ㣬һξǴһˣǰһץ쳣ɭȻȵ
Թ޵ĿҶһۣɥ֮Ȯһ۶ȥ
лʦȣҶصرҶ㿴ǱıӰ¶ЦݣܣܶرȥЦʮֲá
ʱ˿̣ǵܾõĽᣬ⿪ţƾԼŬնɱԲڻ£
̬ȼ֮ʱϺܶˣֿϢˣźãպһ;ߵĸԶЦ˵ֶһŵҩӸҶ㣬ȷ°ɣպǰ;ǸӣֹڴˣҪдǡ׼ƿλ
֪
ȻλǲãɽҲźԨԴڵ伮أλնɱλܣݶȥ󱻵ʱƽڶ֣ûԨԴǲֵģȾ̾Ϣƺ鷳
ȾϾȾϰɣ춨ӱܣҲ޷ӱܡ̾Ϣƺʲô֮
ҶȴЦ춨Ц˶ʤ죬ط죬취ˣѵ㻹ִֺηһпľͺã
һģ˶ʤ죬ϣֻϧ˵ˣ˵ˡǿЦЦһˣȴ޿κεӣ漴תƻƺأҪȥҸطúһЩٲ޸ͳΪһͭˡ
֮ҶҲʣֻܵЦЦлᣬ˴ĽᣬԱ֮顣
һʱգҶ˿ޣ޸Ľ׶Σȴһֱ·ʲô¶ûУɢˡ
ʱĶת۱˶ʮգĵİ£ȫ޸з¼ɹͨͼһһϵĻһΡ
̶ǰԪ⣬ͨͼõеر
Դһǰ뿪Ҷ㣬ޣָΪ֮УΪѾɹ̤ͨ죬ֱһǰƹض˵ͨļ䣬ԽУЩı
ȴû뵽̤벻ʱ䣬ͱǿ߾ס֪⼸˶۹ǿߣÿͨΪΪǿ
޷Ը˭ȻֻжԷȴû뵽ԷһͨںǸ˴Ű˸ȫͨǿߡ
ЩȥһƬɽ֮ϣѾսʱԲڵĸɽĳƽأɼս֮ң
ߣˣڻ־ܣȵ۹ʵ۵ܵܣȺۣڵ۹Īơ
Уõ洫Ѷ֪һڹԪܣʴ˴˰ǿǰԪ⣬һʡ
·һŮǽɫǴŮòͻַͨΪƣ˺ӣǸҶŮ飬ӣ
žϳ֣ñӣ˭Ǹǿӣδ䣬ѾҺŰȻ³ˡ
˶࣬Ϊһ־ܣЦұЦǧ꣬ݺأδ˵һ֣Цţļ۲䣬ԸҶ㼫񣬶ǳӲһңضϾɱ
ǿȺŭһгһµĹֱ͵һֱ˺ӵķݺݵĺؿڣ
ɣ
ɫ䣬嶸ȻתȴǽǶȵ꣬ûŮӼҵ˽ܵطȴ޷㣬ɽâڿжһͼһס
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壬ͼȻը飬ݹ࣬ݺݵڱӵؿڣǰը鿪һĨڸǵĴ¶˳
ȻŭɢɫĹâԽԽŨһµĲÿռ䶯
ɽƿɱգݹ࣬ٶȿ쵽˼£ȻɱȺһֲɫ֮£һһһӴ˳
꣡꣡
ɨ˵壬ȻըµĹâԱƱӰը÷飬Ѫ⻯ƬƬмѪ֮
úݵĽȺµĵĵһƬҺµסһ³ޱȣȻ˾һĻˡ
ۣӶȻһѪҡ˼£ŨһɢԪ֮ɢȥеĽ׹䵽أ



ڶʮ 
СȻǿ󣬵Ѿ;ƿˣģȥͷ­ȺĿµ
ǰɵͷɵԵ˹ȥδߵٽ˹ȥжڱһͬ£ֻûа취ֻӡ
ȻɲǣǸԭѾ壬ȻһɭȻ֮ϢȻըѣĻûзӦԴը˿ѪɫԽĽȥʮҡ
һĻ˭û뵽ںľ֮󣬱ӻսնɱǿߣȺﰵңԼûãȻ֡
ɱңǶ񣡡ӲȻЦ˿裬ʿζ紵ǷɣȻٲʣҲעҪ䣬˭Ҳ޷Ťת漣֣ϧ֮ˣ漣ֻ֪лҪץԼ
ӵ岻ͣҡΣɽҲڵϣѪעؿΪɱˣȼԪƴһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ûʥҩûκοܻ˿̣һžӨ黬ӣͻȻҶ㣬ǸиļһʵĲ˸֮⣬ǵһ˹ˣΪ˸𣬲ϧ۹Ϊ˾Ȼϧôȡǿħ֣кܶ࣬ܶ࡭
˿̣ӰһԺɲǣͻȻоԼĹˣĶԲǣҲûл˵һԲˣ
ڣԭҶ㣬ΣҲѣǶӣֵӣи˺ǻоĺܺá
ǲҪɱ㣬ҪȼɱˣȻɱó㻹Ǹӣûʱ򣬸һˬȺ¶аЦݣЦԶ
ڵϵıɫȻòҰף˫ĿͻأȵҶһָͷնȻ˻ţ̷ܾ
˸ɱңҽЦȺһ㶣ŶӿЦϷʡ
㲻ţ
ʱͻȻһаƺǾǵߣ죬ףΪ졣
˭Ⱥһɫ䣬ĿȴûпκӰһͻɫҲƺͻȻ͵Ϯ
ӴµȻĹâ¶һĨȣɾϲձΣ֮
磬硭㣬ˡ
Ҷһ·ĿǹԪ⣬·ϣһϳ˱֮żĴѰ٣ֱߵ˵أȻֱӵѪУ˷ŵЦдŭ
ңң
۹𣬱ǱкӹˣȻһŮӣҶһĨ̹ǵɱ⡣

һֱȻץ˹ռ飬ƿץҶһֱ֣ӱͨĿս𣬸汦ȫ
෨ԻٶΪģһ֮⣬ҶأһƬ磬ԣһ֣Ǿ춯ء
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ȺڵĿռ䶸Ȼ飬ֺ䣬һݺ䣬߷ը鿪
еȺɫұ䣬һֵȻһӣʱһ֣ǿ
ȻʣɾˣֱըѪģʬ壬ҲѪ硣
׵ĵһڴֻδ֮ʱͱѪӿֽɲǣڵķƬȻ飬һѪ֮ɫҰףݺݵ׹䵽أϢȻûȻ˾磬ͨ죬䵽죡
𾪵ǣЩ˾ȻȫǱģ

Ⱥ۶ȻһȣɵķһҪ飬òԼͨ壬赲סΡɽƣ˫ζһһͨ壬һӨĹȣǴײ
ΪãɱҰҪ죡Ⱥȣ޾ľԪƬͨ壬㼯һ𣬻ΪĵľһģĹȣԹն죬񷡣
ƾҲ죿ߣǲײĲᣬȻұƵñ˵ȾأǶգûһܹ߳ɽ壡ȭâ֮Ψһ£𣡡
ҶȻվУЩӿУͨͨͼһǻ£½Ϊ磬ս£Ϊ£
ıˣ飬ͼĴӰ£һķȫΪƣһ̣ܸɽ壬ƣգ
飡
ӶıȭâȺ۱Ĵһһ飬ըһը÷ǣǻסȺ۵һ̣ȻΪƬױ֮У
Ҷһ̣Ŵս٣Ǹսٵɲǣֱ̧һȭȭӷһȭƽƽȴյ˴ʧɫͷ£ȺĹâ飬ı£м
Դһһָܱ֮һˣܽʧܵԭ򣬻еľϵ㣬룬ΪͻͽȻ̤۷֮Ϊȫͨͼ̣սǸһԺͨǿ棬һĻ
£Ҷ㶸Ȼһȣֱ̧֮һȭȻ֮ը죬Ⱥһ򱬣ӰһӴ˹ȥ
ѹȺ۵ϣ֫ѹȥ˫ȲͣҪȥ
㾹Ҵ˱֪ҵʲô𣿣ըף죬һը죬Ͱеһ˵ŵѿض
ҡ¡ң㲻ݣȺŭⷭӿᶨĹâ˸˫۲䣬Բȥ
ҶȻһЦٶѹ£ѾѹñȥҲ£ҪصǸĻҾͰɱԶſ̷ֲĥ
򣡡ȺᶨԪĬĬתΪ壬С󣬶Ǹ߸ϣ軹ǵһΣΪͨǿߣģԶɱҪܡ
ſƾҲãһģҷҶ㾫ԪٴתķصرȻһһɿٶѹ˹
꣡꣡
Ⱥ۵˫ըȻȴɲڵأǿҪֱͦţҶ㣬˵Ϊ죬Ҫҹ򣬾ҪȺ۹عĸԲ¹򣬸ο۹壬ڴˣȻΪұСӣҪ۹µͨӰлţҪʹ࣡



ڶʮ 
ͨӰ֪˭ȻЩѹңѾϺͿˣֱţҶЦһֱ̧һƣһӱһֻȺ۵˫ȶȻһСȲϥϣ

һʹȺ۵˫ȶۣȻȴȻͦţֱڵϣѪϥ·ʶ£ʮֲֿ
ƴһսΪҫսȼ޾ԪҪնɱɱ˿ħȺ۶Ȼһȣ˸żΪֲĹâԪȫһ̣ڱӿˣһ߹һ㣬ֱߡ
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Ⱥ۶ȻվȻûСȣҪ֮ǰǿ̫࣬ƴˣҪѹͷϵҶݺըÿܣҶ㣡
ƴ£͵ù£㽫ûκλᣡҶнâţԻһġd֣Ȼѹ
䣡
һġdһḥ̂һ£ͰȺ۱ĹâȻѹ£ըѣd־ȻҲ֮ըȺ˫۹᳹ܣһ̷ꡱ죬ѿ
˫ͬըҩһһ죬ը÷飬ѪҶϣ˸һ֣һžԪƬճĹâҲӿڡ
꣡
Է˫ϥפأ֮Ҷϣ׹ڵϣȻѪȣҶҪ飬ûģ
ңһ᳹Ĩɱ㡭Ⱥۼѵ̧ͷҶ㣬ȴҶƿһָоԪƬ硣
ĿΪȥһʱỹˣ˫˫ȶûˣֻʣһӣʮֲҡ
ˣѾԪ׸ɣһȣٶȽ䣬ʣ˵ͷ­Ȼѿը÷飬ӼΪֲ
ߴͨǿߵľԪƬƬҶڣָоΪ΢ƺҪɹ֮ͨҶ֪ͨʮּѣöȹ˵еС
ףļ䣡ʲôץûʣһŵȺۣʧɫɫѿ֮
һԣΪҽΣ˲СʱӵƻָҶΪʱ΢΢һ졣
ǸŨʱƶҶ磬Բһ³çˣҲӦ˵Щ˺ĻģԴչңʵϣʮָлģ
ףɫһ㲼һǸǧ꣬һ飬ҲһΣԼ֮£⡣
޷ֻҪͨͿˣûʲô˰ɣҶЦ˵ְȥȺʬӵһԡ
ɫɲÿΪһʮֿµܣǹϵԪܡ
Ԫ⣬һ˿Խ֮أ˵Ͻһֻ棬ֻҪȵôһСС棬бΣգοԪֻͨĶ޾ޣÿһʮˡ
ҶΪЩӦѾˣô꣬ôܻţȻȺ۵ļǣЩһﲻûüãԸңСޣС棬ֻҪһܻ
Ҷ̤УȻܵЩһȺ֮˵Ҷͨǿ֮䣬绽꣬˹Ԫ⣬Ķ򲻹
ĻϲռͨͼͼԪҶ㣬ͷһͰˮϣһգִϲ󱯣ҶƹǺ
Ѵºĺͱ˵˳Ůüǵöʱ̤ǹԪ⣬ȻˣǸ׺ĳλǿߴʲôЭ飬ˣõλүүףΪͻͽ
ʱûı֪ЩݴүүƤİ˶Էĺӣȴû뵽Ƕ縸һǿߣе亹乡
ѵûа취ҵȥǿʮλϣҸһǿߣ˼꣬ǲĻ֪Ϊᱩǵ̶ֳȡ£ӰѶʱľ˵˳Ҷüͷȴøˡ
ҵ˵ͨͼ֣ԿƹԪ⣬˵Ԫһǹ˵һΪµıǱŦΨͨͼ֮֮ͨͨͬʱ֣£ʱȻԲٿر⣬Ǹʱ򣬾סڵЩǿߣͻĲǲ
İ֪˵˳߾Ǵ󾪣ܹǲʮλǿߣʲô˵ܹݺƬǬ½
ֻ֮֮ͨͨѾʧ˲֪ãҪõѳ̶ȿ֪οõ˭ȷĳǿУʱͶ΢ĵϡǵãױҪԷǿ֣߳ʮλǿ߾ܾʧ顣
ΪǸʱԤսǣû뵽ʧܸա
ʦ˵ĲǵӦѰ֮֮ͨͨ飬ΨеõֱҲҵܾҶȻվ𣬼ᶨĵֶһĿꡣ
ܾѾ۷壬ҪͻƣȴҪ֮֮ͨͨ飬ûֱܾȻͣͲǰ
ֻϧûһϢȻ֪ϢһҪҪȥԪһȦˣҲ벻ջҲ˵ĵĿ걾⣬ڿûй뷨ֱҶ֮ת䡣
ȻȻѾˣΪβȥһ⣬Ҳܹõ֮֮ͨͨϢҲ˵ҶĿԪķ
˿̹ԪѾͷܶΪ˿ţÿһͨǿǶǰһ⣬
ҶˣǰеٶȲ죬պҲﵽ֮УֻɸǽΧɣûݶ¶ģ˿̣ӵһЩǿߡ
ڿľλã֪Ψͨͼˣл̤룬ڣͨͼҶУкˣܹ֪
ɨǽڸʱͻȻһϤӰҶ¶һĨ΢Ц
һ£ϴŵЦݣ˭̫׽ֲԶΧż½ļλӣȻǺġ
˲Ǳˣǳ¼Ҵ٣
ԴѪ̶һû뵽ڴ˵ٶط꣬ĵ֣ȴѣĹ˽飬ҶʴΪУȻѪ̶֮УһͬԿˣһĻҲĿҲƵˡ
Զֺ꣬Ŀ΢һЦƲ¼λ½үҶ˹
ֺ²´Ҳ£ѵת徭ˣҶЦ˵



ڶʮһ ֮ͨĲƬ
һճħ֮һֱٵֱ˿̣гɣ̤ͨ죬ƹضص֮УֱӽΪ̫ϳϣΪ¼̫ϳϡ
ȻǰЩӣһɽеõϹĳλһбǴսбıָǰͨҪ̽ƬǺԴк;
Ҷ͵˵Цˣ͵½ûмֻܼһ棬ȴܵ͵ӿȵȻ档޵
Ŷ´ٺʱ˻˵˷ѽⰡҶĿһӳϣһ˿ͨͼĶɻ֣ͨȫϣôӵͨͼϢ
Ϊ裬Цղ͵Ȼ˷Ȥ
ȻҶ˼֮ʱͻȻЦźͳļ½ǿ˹ǵϴʢĹâŨŨм֮⡣
ǸҶ㣿һµ˹Ǽ½̼ҳ̷½Ĺ֪֮õʲôΪҲ̤֮ͨνǷͷʢԼҶ㣬ֻО֮ǹɲм֮Ũ
Ҷ۾һУȻԷΪ˼ΪѾ᲻Ȥ̧־ɱ
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̷ͻȻЦǹӵҪɱңҪɱңƾΪȻҪɱң
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̷ȻֹĶͷ϶ȻһѪѪעһϸߣ˫ĿͻأԼ֪Լġ
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һָ߷һָһָǬǽãɱ̷
Ҳ벽ǵĺ󳾣Ҷ㶸Ȼȣһ̤ǶɫҰףͨһڵأ񵨲Źȡ

Ҷһתȥɱ˼ûУһ˼˼ôǽиζǷͨԪĪĹ
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һһɵϢгһ¶ĹȻը죬ֱ˺ķͿ硣
Ҷ㣬㣡һҪȥȻһʵֲֵ̫ܹסģֻ£綴뵵Ĺâ֡
һƬνĴƬץ˳ƬֵɲǣͨͼȻâԽԽʢƺһ㡣
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ƬˣǵҽĲûǾҪԼıˣҶһͱӣתߣһۡ
³ɵˣû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ˰ԵҶ׽飬ȴû뵽һɽڵõƬ
ҿˣҶ㣬үġ
Ƭָ˵أĻ֪ͨƬˣԼֱˣ̼ǰˣŪⲻˣڵĳԼޡ
ҲסˣҶߵƬʲô˶ŭѵʲô֪ıȻǸͨƬҲµõĳɡ
ʦܣȻõ֮ͨƬ֮ͨûʧըˣǧƬޡתߵεĵطĿƬ󣬿ڵֻǲ֪ƬǴӺζġ
Ѿ̽ļ䣬һϵɽļ䣬Ӧûˣ˵ܹ֮ͨᴩأôһ޽ҵõĲһСƬҶЩܸܵƬϵܣһ˿ϢܾҪġ
Ǿ̫ˣ磬Ľ㣬ǷЩܹ죬ƺһͼָʲôҪȴôҲ벻ͨҵľԪͣתΪͻƣɻһʼ㶢ЩطԽԽۣԽԽģΣҲ򲻳⸡ʲôζ
ɽΪ㣬󣬶Եľ壬׽ֵȻӣһ𣬸оʮңˣǴŮΪⶾĻѾɥȪ
˵ĲǸȷűζ˰ΣʱԽԽģȻûпʲôҵľ֮䣬ȻЩɶ̲֮Ŵܣĵͷ
˵Ǹ񣬵ʲô˭Ҳһͷڵľ¹ǣͷȣβӼΪ֣βͣ糤һһһڵģɣһ貵ǳͼǳ֮ϣһΡ֮ϣȻһţ
ǹǲͨͼҶ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ
ǣԲǣţͨͼϱûУοͨͼ֮еĹȻΡ룬ȣʵС׼ףֵһᡣҡͷ
ҲãǴĿľǴ˵أһᣬʲôܵĻҵӦ̤ͨˣ治֪˴ν᲻ήĻڵ׼Ҷҡͷ̾ϢһͶŮ֮˹ȥ
ĿɲǣһΡ룬ϢԼѾڹǿ֮Уޱ޼ʵǳȫչԼǰǽǣ֮ģ壬Ŀ֮󣬾Ȼչֵ쾡¡
ˣˣˣ
Ҷ巢죬֮ͨľ翪ʼײƺʱҪͻƣĴӡԭģָһӡǣʼǳ壬İ壬ޱȹʺÿһˡ
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ʱͨͼ֮ͨƬ磬һ˿˿֣һ̣ҶĿһԭʵĸɲǼ



ڶʮ ·
ͨͼĹâȻſҶǸںϵһһ̣Ҷֻоһᣬƺǻ⡣
ǸϵֶﾹȻڷǿͼתȺ貣ǳһ׹䣬ǹͼʼת
ɲҶֻо䣬Ǹ֮У
ǡһȻϣоʵһ֮£ԼҲһ
̫ˣ
ʱͻȻһϵȻư磬ҶһĿȻǸڵĿֲ￪˵ˣ
λǰڣҶ㹰ʣ֮Уɣ֮УȻǷǱѰĸ֣˵˴Ļ
ңŰͨͼ˵أұעˣֻϧΪʵ̫ˣܲԪĴСǲڵһ˿ϧΡ
Ҷ㶨˶ʵǰǺˣʲôط
ңˣҶԼʲôˣǽͽҽ񳽰ɣԶŵļҲ뻽ˣʹɣڵĵطǸ֮У˶ҪԪ⣬ȴһֱҲڣǸЦķΪڿ⣬⣬ʵγڿ⣬ڿôֲ֮أʵصһ𣡡
н֮ˣţ֮ܳΪˣǽ֮ޣȻ֮̾󣬻̾ǿУƬϹâɢſ֮Ϣ
صһѵ˵ڿڸУҶһδ뵽һ㡣
ֻ˵һ룬⸡ȻڿУֻڿССһ֣֮ͬɳ޾һޱߡ
ʲôԪô󣡡
Ҷ㾪뵽֮ͨͨصľ޽֪Ԫ֮ʱûô£ϳ̶ֲȸǿ֪ˡ
ȻʮϢҲӿֳ˼ǿߣͬڵĴ½һҲȨԣеǿߣ˿еǿߣοԪⱾһ磬¿ٵĿռ䣬һȫµġ磡
񳽵˵˵˹Ԫı漴̾Ϣ
Ҳ˵̫˵ԭȻͨͼ֮֮ͨͨ飬Ҳܵõµģ̫ǿߣһָĨɱ㣬һ˿ӡǶܴڡ
ҶĿһʵĹԪ⣬Ҫȱ˵ĸӿֲĴڣǸ綼δĴڡ
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˿Ҷ˷ܵӣ˶۾һĨĹâͷδټѣᱻŵ˷ܵǱУǿӵеǱʣҲգȻϽ֮ģҵǿΪָһ·
·
ǣƾеͨͼ޷Ԫ⣬ܿƹԪ⣬ͨͼֻãҵ֪ԪһرһܵأͨͼȥҲ벻ջ񡣡
أ˵Ԫ±֮ͨУҶһ˸˷ܵĹâڼʶǿ֮󣬶ʵĿﵽ˿ǰǿȣǹԪƾŰͨͼ޷ͬһͰˮһ
˿ţصϢٶ˷
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ǹҶĿһ¶һĨȻЦ⣬˴ǰԪ⣬Ȼûеõ⣬ȴҲջķᡣ
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񳽼˵֮ͨ鵹ûб飬ֻҲʧˣǰܹϢֻһţƺǸշˣҲصģȻƬУǴ˵ˣĻԵף͹ԪŹϵţһܹ֮ͨҵ֮ͨġ
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һƬɵĻ磬ǻϢͨľ翪ʼɶҪͻƵǰף
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âɽ֣Ҳѹѹѹ˾ԪɽУȻǿҪȹͨ
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ˣˣˣ
ڤڤ֮Уɱ֮׶죬׵Ϣһâ⣬һһĹţڿйʱ䣬׵˲񷣬ʱҪ׹
׶󣡡Ҷ㾪һһųȵĹâƺ£֤Ļᣡ



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СĹâ뵣һȦȦ𵴿Ҷգһ飬СÿɢһŹΣͻһ˿֮ڣ
׵֮һ˿˿ĹԴ͸С֮ϣճһ磬Ҷ㾪Сһ硣
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꣡꣡
ƾɭȻһȭ죬һȭǿһըΪҷȻʱͻȻһ׶׺ϣͬ͵Ϯһ㣬׹̧ȭ˲䣬ըڼϡ
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ۣҶһѪ貵ĹâΪһ˿˿ڳ˳Ҷһ
ÿֲ׶ף治֪ǿζȹѵرҶüͷͷŴڵľԪ޸ơ
Ȭ˲䣬Ҷоâһ壬꣬绹оԪþ꣬Ϊõ׹ǵϴ񣬱ʮְԵ֮ǰǿʢ̫࣬һ̣ȻȹΪĸо
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׹ǴĹֲɷ飬֫ըٶںϣȴֱըѪģϮ
Ҷˣô岫󣬿Ѿ˼㣬ΪԼ죬ǵأǴ
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ȴ˲˼ı仯ʷı䣬ҲʼʵһӰɣҶĳΣ꣡
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УҶ㾹ȻһĻ÷Ĵ治м֮ˣˣ춼ٿһ
ˬĸоΪǣΪ⣬ΪѪҺ·Ϊ磡Ҫ磡
Ȼ䣬ҶͻȻХһӵֱ˸Ĺâ׶Ľ֯ȻһµĴΪҶ壡
һΣѾ壬
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ҵ죬仹мܹӵЩõϹĳλϹﴫеĴڣЩһţǰЩӣһλΪˣǵõϹĳλĴУճȫ޵֣Ǭɵڰ˻ʣھŻʣȫܸˣһʱͷ
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ȴʱҶɵ˲䣬ڵĴȻһ䣬Ϊһ磬ƯҶϣһϲȻ⴩׶֮Уȭͷ趯
˿ԽԽܼ֮ǰʢ׶ڶͣãԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿ
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âȻը飬ǧâڿһɢȻʮǿǵѹҶӦӲϾ˿ֲǣҶϣһǣȻը飬ΪӰ
顭
ȭӰɽûл壬ȴʤȻ壬ȭ⣬âΪһ壬Ϊһһḥ̂ӿȥе׶ȻըѣӶ鿪ûһ˿ɡ
һߣǴ߷ǿӣһԼľѿ׳ɳԪͣǣҪͼƬ˼
Ҷ죬Ŀޱ飬еٶԽԽ죬ǣÿδһף㻯һ˿ͨأ
ֱ֮ɲǣڵСҫ۵ĹâҶɫһ䣬еҶ㣬Ȼʧˣһ⣡
ԣԣԣ
ڴ죬Ǿ籩ǵ
Ƭ̣Ҷϲķ֣ԪǣӲһǧԪȻ꣡ԪԿֲ֮ٶȣᴩĵ·ÿһ˿䣬ֻо³ǿ
ͨͨλ֮



ڶʮ Ƭ£
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磬ܸܵǿߵϢıп˵ͻƵ۵С磡
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߻˼ʲôЩͨ㹻ˣףʲôô˼ӲѵĲƬ
̫һ˸ǿĹâһƬླܹģƬȻǣ
˾ǣƬΣûκιâںʯͷһûκãΨһǸеЩֵģӲ֡
ðɣǾͰ׸ʦ˵ʦӲĶȥû׼ܴһ˵һƬЦ˵ְǸճϳɹƿŽ䡣
ʱͻȻߴһȣƬ£
ʲôһȻһ¹ֱ˵壬۵һ£ᴩֱۣ

ֳƬƿʹһֻһֱֻ۵ڵϣ漫ΪѪȣԶٶȿ쵽˼£ͻȻһץƬץС
ʣʸǺˣһҧڣһӣüޣ˵˧ȴϵʣվǰᱻֿ壬ɵøоԼһͷ
ţҪңӶȻЦһһָƿһָǷ˵֮ˣɪɪ嶸Ȼһ٣ԵڵأһѪڶͷϣ
һָʤȹ٣ϸĹۿͻᷢһָ֮ʱһ˿Ļ棬Ȼâ΢ɲ죬΢ŤռĳȣȻ֤һָ߶ģһָ
ʣһֵֻӿʦܲ¶Ϊ־֮ɫȻȴӵ죬Ҳɱ㣬һɣ
̱֮˾ֵĿһۣæȥȻ̤岽֮ʱһ٣ըѪ裬屻ըһƬƬ⣬裬ѪȵϢơ
ߣǸ׳աЦһƬץУϸ۹һң˿ң࣬Ԫ˧ʺ󣬾һţ˵۹绽ꡣ
Ǽŵӣǰλ죬ǱţǼˣܰ˻ʣŻʣ
·ȴһƬƬȻƬ׺ȴ֪ڹƬƬλ֮ϣ֪λΣҼִ˵Ƭص֣͹壬ʱ͡
Ϊˣųֶ£Ѷ˾ɱȻתߵɲǡ
Ƭ£
һƿմ춼һ£˻֮ǰ˵֮ѵ˰׳յٵͷϣЩЦã治֪ʲôɽ˲ۡ
˼ϮɲǣĿⶸȻһ˵˭ּ٣ǹž޲¶һĨܹ޳ٶ֮ˣͨˣԷĶ壬˵֮ʱɫһ䡣
Ҷ㣿
ʧɫλ½֮ˣȻͳԼǰĶ߳Ҷ飬ʱ˶Ҷȣ˵Ҷ㣬Ҳ˵ܹɱҶ㡣
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۾ĿӰǰɲǣȻƳһȭһȭɲǣȭӰܳߣӥĵӰķ壬
һУȭ
ȻһȣȭӰȻɱһȭزͣҡΣЩڵסεҰݾ÷飬ضðȥ
ҶͻȻĿһֻһȭȻһȭϰ壬Ҳһʤеȭ⣬Ϊ£Ȼˣûһ˿η֮ɫӭѶϡ
ΪԼͻƴ֮֮ͨħ֮£Ҳûκε֣Ȼû뵽ֳƬ֮ˣȻźһսʵƺΪ£
ȭ⣡ȴǲһ㣬㣡
ҶȻȣг˺ƣͬһȭͬûκͨ壬ȴʤͨ壬ûл磬ȴʤȻ磬ȭһȭ
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˵ȭݹ࣬ڼ֮ϣҶ㷢ȭʱΪ׼һʱƵˣǶԷԱġ
ըٿգȭһ漴ȻըȫĶըĽŲŵźȭⱻԷȫƽ⡣
ȻԷȭ⣬ȴݹֱ࣬ķ˺壬Ǽʱȴըô򵥣ؿըѣѪӿ



ڶʮ նף
Դӽ֮ͨҶȭ֮⣬ȭ޵ľ磬һȭֱƿķâԷը÷顣
㣡Ŀһŭ֮࣬ڳһ޸ӰɽصϢųУȴһűͼֱ죬һѪ䣬ס壬쳣ǿ
Ҷ㣬ֱɥĲ񣬾ȻǿҵƬѵĵҲ𣿺ߣҵһţ죡
ƽڽɽҪ˺ҶķҶ룬ɢԷȭ⣬Ҵݹ࣬ҪɱҶ㡣
ҶһĴ˵׹ͨһ裬ͨ춯أδԣǴ߶ȭͬʱĵȫ顣
ţȭдƾأȭޣصľ磡ߣȻˣﲻ߹ھʶҵܣ춸Ȼһȣ޸֮ϵħݻһʵأɾžŰʮһ޸⽻֯ϳһ޸Ȼ£ݹ࣡
ĳо޸ƺЩЭȻץУʮֿ£춼ѹͣΪֲ
죿ȻԣǴĳĶ㲻ñΪͰѴаȥȥԺη裡ҶһȣٶȻУſеһҡ
飡
Ѥõ̻𣬶Ȼըһѻǣķȥɫ䣬޸趯󿪴ϣݻһƵصĸ⣬ƿ
㣡ƾҲЦҶһһٶͨչ֣ӰҫĪĹâ飬ͼĴӰɢԪӳֵҶϡ
ǿƵĴһץһץ·ûκ壬գֱץǿռ䣬ԽԶţ䣡
ࣣ
ⶸȻըɢһϣ͵زǰ¶Ұ֮ɫһֻţ𾪵ͨһ죬ҿ죬۷죬Ҵ˾޸ʵ֮ôܱһѹסܣܣ
Ъ˹أŭܵµһ·һֻǲ֣ƿز
Ȼ䣬ľ޸ͣգȻѹδ߶Ԫδ߶ģ޷ֺ
ܣûʲôܵģƬ¹ҲһǣִԲ򣬺ҶԿֻ·һҶ㶸ȻһȣֺȻ䣬ѹ
漴ӱҶץԽԽӾҪеľ޸Ť
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ҶĿâһߵȼı£߹ҲãϻһƬƬھʶʶʲôʵҶ㱩һڿһŤ漴ըƾ񷣬ѹ죡
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ȻϨ𣬾ӰҲ֮һ֮ͻĹâӡѹ÷飬һը֮ըûֹͣǴݹ࣬Դ˹
ңڸֲܵоһּΪɭȻɱ⣬ֻҪ£ԴԱסˣ
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һӰ۶޸ѿУڿһȦǱڵĻ棬ҶХ
Ҫɱˣ˭ҲȲߣ飬ͺһɣ̣ͨһְɣҶ㶸ȻһȣȻ䣬۵һеĻȫϨмҲĶ֣䣬޸УâӿӿҶڡ
һĻɫұ䣬˿̣ʶԶԷĿֲһʼƺŨŨмûֱĨɱһ̣ף˷Լɡ
ž鸫ĹâԽԽ漴ը÷飬Ϊ̷ۣסˣԼ̵ıȻҶҲδܹͰ˻ʣŻĻۡ
ֺȻ䣬ĲӱݺݵĿסӶҪĳ˫ڲͣȻҪȥȻʱȻһȴ¡һһɿֲľһӰѴ𿪣
εСȻǿߣĻòͷˣǵصֺӿһֻ´ֵ䣬һ죬죬ơ
ţҶһԷֿƣͨͨǿߣп۷ǿ֣߳˷ܵǣԷϾȻҲƬϢ֮ͨϢ
ҶЦţλǰǿ߸ûо֮⣬ãѾ̤ͨһ죬ŰپʮŸǿߣͻƵͨ죬Ƕˣ
飡
ֶԺ䵽һ𣬹â趯Ҷڿ²пȻӿԷĴͻȻһͬмһƫƫ俪һŹâȻɢֱԷĴУݹֱֻ࣬÷鲻˵һưѶԷõɳȥʹûнٴ˵أɿȥ
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ӣҶȻȣӰӼҶǿƣȻתȥ
Ųڶ飬ͼķڣأƹһƬ˵أΪߣ
һȣȻ䣬سɴ磬Ƕ·ӵӰһӳҶҰ֮Уһϵߣӱը÷飬첲ˣ˿̵ﻹһ˿ǿߵƣһɥ֮Ȯֻ
ãҶСɱңҶȻ㲻ݵģɫұ䣬ĿǿµĴֱ
֪ңұضȥݷһҶЦһļУʱ֪ڹźܶĲƬʮö߲˵Ҳȥȡ
飡
䣬ûԷһ·һҧأ˸ڵħâ趯ͣǣڴǰûһ˿ء
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߻һԪƬƬӿȫҶڣܸܵھԪӿϢʵˬ˼㣬ƺҪշһһ㣡
սҲ㹻ҵĵʯˣͻȻһȴҶɫһ䣬δ뵽ɽҰ֮أȻ˸֣ûע⵽ԷĴڣ



ڶʮ ʯ
ţҶ㶸ȻһĿɨȻһɺĮȻĿһۣתȥдԷڻȡ֮ʱ´μ֮գ
ԶȥӰٶȿ쵽һ̶ȣȻĻȴҶüͷŲһȵͷ¶β֮Ҳ˿ղЩѵǲ֪Ҷˣ
ͨͰͼͬʱչΪһĿ⣬һӴܷɳȥֱǸϸ΢ĺڵȥٶԽԽ죬ӵĹ򣬱׷ڵӰӡ
ֻħ죬ںڵĹâòȻԶ϶䲻Ϊͨ۷֮ǣҶ𾪵ȴǣħ壡
ȵӰһħ壬Ǭ½ǧħ壡
ССħҲ˲񣬵ҶЦӶԷĲϸоȻǣֻҪѶԷȥû˻Źħ壬ǿߺ
ΪεħǱǺϣǩԼ˵ֻҪնɱһ߽ħ壬Եõͷ޻꣬޻꿴ûʲôǶ˵ȴǴ󲹣
߽ħͨΪ֣ǸҶСĪɺôܣսͨʧΪһǿ֣ħ壬ҶĿʩչȻպջĽ
ٶȲֻϧڵ̫ˣȻͨսﲻǸҵһֶֻѹȥҡͷȻͷɲǣħӿΪһµ壬ûκӳ֣Ψһƿâ֮£ռ侹Ȼѹˡ
һŷ籩һƾܻΪУҪҶ㳹״Ƭ
Ҷɫ΢һ䣬ڣоԪֲᣬռɢϢָ񷣬ͬɽһ߬ȭ⣬âΪһ壬Ϊһױȵһȭ
һȭȫһȭͶԷһȫһ
꣡꣡
ԷƾȻ仯ǧȻһ𣬻һֺĽƿµħȻը˹
ҶȭͷһըѪģʳ֮ѾûѪҺȻһȴƿէйһ±֮
ǸħҲûֵȥһȭѪӿȫը飬ƾȭⶴҲը˿Ѫ֣Ѫ˵ҲԲᣬֻҶǿһ㣬Ҳûǿȥ
˴һȻ൱
ôܣħӾһȻû뵽ҶǿᣬԷҪԼҪأ
Ҷ㣬ΪֻûʱĸУħһۣڹ˸弱ʧҶУҶüͷû׷ϡ
ƿ˵أӿǿıԴкһ˿ش˺˴ξȻһڣҲ۲ѡ
˿̣ҲʶԼͶԷĲ࣬ħһȻǿ󣬵ȴǵƾһȭȴǺķеƣһȭ൱ɼ˵Ĳ࣬ʱһԾܵöȻҶ㡣
лᣬضѪ֮𣡡ҶЦһŶԷʧķͻȻаԼᶨҪͨ죬죬׿λħǿߣΪԼˡ
תصǴĳʶ̽УѰΣȻûһ˿ƺҲû֮ͨƬˡ
ôˣǸƬܳٻ˵أпǴʲôطˢġҶţĿͣʶڳεȴҲһ˿Ϣƺ⴦֮ˮΪˮ⺣ûκ֮ء
ܣƬȻǴӱ𴦳ˢֻҪҵԴͷҾлõƬҶĿʶϷ
ͻȻһĪĹâһ˿͸𴦵ĹΨǿ֮£ֳҶĿһ˳ǵ˹ȥȴһƬޱ޼ʵĺ󣬵ʶ˲䣬ȵķ֣Ǻ˰һƬ½ϣȴһٲٲ֮УƺһŽգûܹ롣
Ȼǿǻͣȴûκܹ룬ֻŴȻ̾Ϊܶ˴иܵϢȴûܹ롣
ʯҶ㶸ȻһȻû뵽ƬԴȻԼҪǰ֮أʯ˿̣Ҷ˼
ǹЩƬõĻջķᰡҶ˸űӺĵķ˻ȥ
ʯ
Ҷ˲ʯأٲ֮Ƕڣ˵ǿȫڰƺڵǸܹɽ֡
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ҶĿҲڹ⣬Ȼڴˣ˫ȭѵ֣˵صͨǿλҲ۷ǿߣҶ㣬δЩ˵Ķ֣ңҶ㲻ͷλʦ֣ϣԼȫ
λߵľľ粻һһڴ˾ͣʱԽδزһ£кܶнħĻᣬȴƫƫͣͨ죬Щ˱Ϊλ֮ڣ
λ֮ڵΪλħǿһǿҶͨһľͶԷ൱Ҫԭ߾ȫԷȻҶӿٶȣͨ죬죬л棡
ҹôɱ˵ϢǾͿͨͼʯֻֻĶ˶٣˵ȴ޴˵ҧҧʦܣҲ֪Ѿɹħ죬ĿѾﵽң˴Ѷٶȹɽԣңұ뾡ȥͨزãɽȥʦҡ
Ҷɫһ棬ֵʦ㣬ΪҵģȻ̤ͨѾԱҽҺͱ伯ϵһȫǶ֣ܣδжסңʦģұĥ³÷ԿຮĥɳʦԿɷ뿪
һĨâãڵͷҹʩչɱ˵۹⣬͵컻գΪҶȡһ
ͨͼڶϣһΡֳڴײһ΢һֿԽŵϢ
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ʦܣĽЩˣʦܹ֮ջɽʦػھʦܵļҲҪģʦڣû˸۸ǵͷϣһʦܷģĵֺͱ˵˼强ʹȥ
Ҷ㿴ȥıӰȻ̾ϢһĿ⿴ڵɽͻȻһϸ΢촫ƺǹƳ
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ﶸȻһȻڹԪļأĳӣһȡοһˣһˣҶɫüΪѿ



ڶʮ 
ڤ棡
³ıͬ˿һ㣬˿˿ƣֻҪմȾᱻ뾭ձɸʬ
ãҶ֮£սڷɳΪһ⣬۵һֻڤ汻ʿֱֱΪ룡
ȻҶ㾪ǣʯоֻһֻڤ棬ǳǧ༫࣡
ÿһֻ涼ԼĿ¹ƣʳ˸⣬өһһ˿ɫ˿³쳣˿ߵʯƽĸ룬οˣ֮ͬΪȺȫڶǱȻ۾Ҷ㣬ƺʱһӵϣһ
ս趯â²ͣһȺڤ汻սһʶգڤʬҶȴȫ䱸ĶķȺû͵ϮԷ
ȻڤʬĵǣͷһĨϸ΢Ĺâ΢âһȻˣԴ߷ĴͨҶüëһĿ˸ܹͣܵڤڿ񱩵ľԪĴ
þȻʮ֮һͨǿߣҶͷһڼȡ֮ȵķ֣ԼľԪȻǣȻĳӺȴҲĴҩƶΪ鵤ҩ
ô˶࣬泱һҶĳӣֻҪһȾϣضữΪһѻ˿ֲԹ̶ɲǵĹֻǷӦ죬رӳֵĻȻҧУɥȪ
վҵȥЩӽҶ۷ϲ⣬Щ෱ĳ泱ʮֻܹȫɣΪضܹ̤ͨ죡
߱棬ͷƳ棬Ǭ桭ȵ棬ȫǿ֮棬во綾Ƴ棬֮ǵؾ
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Ҷ㶸ȻһȣͷһµľУͬעһӿڣΪһžΪڵһ֡
һǧֻǧֻһֻһֻһֻڤһеɣӿҶڣΪһ֡
󲹣Ȼ󲹣Щ̺Ȼں˵ĵ·ͨһľɶֱȥͷͷӿ棬˲㱻˴롣
ӵҲ¶һĨȣĸܵҶӿľԪˮƺϾҪһƣ϶죡
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һֻĺڵĳӣӿħȻ˹𶯳򣬾ͽܵľгɢ
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һ˱ǵľ㴫Ҷ㶸ȻһȻ˱ܣͨɢҶ㲻ֻͨɣһﵱ˲䣬һŵڹ⣬һ±㽫𿪡
ٶ޷Ŵݻ磡Ҷ㱩ȣٶ¡һһޱߵĲƣٶʱ޷ŴǽһƿպֻҶ֮䣡
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һȣжȻͣ΢΢һâҶڣΪһ֣漴Ӷ滯ڣ
磬㿴ǰ澹Ȼǳ泲涼иȺĻߣ˶ѣһ𣬰ܵǳ泲˹ȥ
ЩֲҲܹӵЩˣҶ¶һĨϲɫĿЩȺĻߣЩĶԼǿûдǣһ˿ϢȾɺɫȻž綾
Ҷ𾪵ǣЩţ༰澹ȻӾڴˣǽ񳽲û˵˵˷溣󣬽˵ͨͼܽ룬˵֮ͨͼҲûâһ˿ϢʧˣҶٻУ
صģЩʳ潻Ըͨ̽ڲǷ񶴸Ƿ̶ѨûܹͨЩѾҶüͷǵܱ纣һĳ溣ΧˣǰʳȻάȡ
ӵͷʩչ̽ǰ·;棬Ĺâɢ̽붴
Ҳһȭ죬һ򷨣ұҶ㶸ȻһȣĹƣȭ񷣬âأǳ泲Ҳ֮һ
ֻڤ˿ƣ³һƬĺҪ߳ɣʻʳʮˣ˿̫߱ͨ࣬Ҷս޷ѣ
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ţҶĿһ٣ζȻ˶ȥͨչǧϸСȫɴΪԼһ֣ڹľԪͣȻɼʮ棬Ȼûгͨ죡
ʳ޷ǿдǾ͡ҶĿһĻʼ˼Ƿѻ򿪣Щǿߴ룬Ҳһȫ»ᣡ
̣̣̣ҪռڵȫɣΪһ֡Ҫͨ죡Ҷ㶸ȻȣӿŷĹâ滯Ϊһ磬Ҷڣ
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쫷ڳҶ֮巢žͬտĿˮǵǾƺҪ̤ͨ죡
ȻĻʳ棬ȫĿ˸Ķ֣ڵĳˣƺʱһ
壡ҳͨ죡Ҷŭһ񿪹һڴ˲䣬ȫըΪһľԪһ֡
ˣˣˣˣˡ
ʳڰ಻סҲ˲ЩѵİΣӿĶ˸Ŵ̹ǵĺâҶХ
ãҶһȣ徹Ȼ˷ͨͼ죬һչΡĹȻ֣ܾĴ߶£ֳ
ͣͣ
еĻʳΪ֮һϣȻͣʱҶĶߴӵ
磬ЩѶڻʳ֮󣬲ƺͨͼűη壬ǿԿͨͼҲܹջ񣡡Ŀ˸Ϲ֮ʱһЩ棬֪ǵĿ£ϣҶܹջǽδһ֧Ӵս
Ǻãͨͼҳ֣ҶһھѪȾͨͼϣܾȻתֳʱأâյĹڳΣ
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·ҶֱײȻЩʳȫסȴ۶ȥЩץ˹ȥ
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Ҷ֮ʱбסĻʳ汩ˣЩɳνЩѿδ˭ֻҪΨ·һ



ڶʮ ճѣ
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ʳ֮ǺѹѹһƬ棬ҺӿΪ赲Ҷ㣬ǵĺɲǼ䣬ɫɫĹâӿ˲ͰҶ㳹
ͨͼҵסҶһζȻתΡĹֳһµĲЩҺ𿪣ȻҺ·֮ʱʱѼӲʯȫʴ
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磬ˣ̫ˣ֮ǰʮ˷ΪֲɫףͣˣԷ泱Ǹ޷ǰһ
þƣ
Ҷһ񱩵ȣµķȫը飬һ̣ȫĿ⣬ΪǿʯĴŶȻƺŴս
ô᣿ʯˣ˴ʯ
̫ˣЩȻûа׵ȣٶȽȥЩıǧѷıⶴ֮жȻҪı尡
֪˭һǿ߷ӵ룬Ȼ̤ɲǣ˶ס֮ڶǿߵˣϳһѪһֻ棡
ã桭ȻȻֹӿһӳ˳ͽȫɶһ߸ʬ
ѣöѣͨ۷ǿܹ߱溣һӾͿЩʳ֮µĳѣȻҶп֧ţȴ⣬Ŀ˸ŵĶЩѣ
һСͷɫһ䣬гһֻСģҡĲ𶯣Ȼѳ溣Ϊٳһ·ֻһ壬Ȼ̽ȥ
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ܣͻȻλǿɫ࣬ʹһ֮ԵڵضһĻҶ㣬£뵽ԼŵĺֱײɫòҰס
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һȺ׳գѵУƾҲᱻЩ淴ɣ֮һϵĲƿֲһץͬѹһ㣬Ȼһֻʳ棡
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һĻҶ㰵ľ⵽Ǻܣƺ֮Ļʳͬ߹һΪм
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ÿֲĹҶɫһףξȻûκζѾ䣬û˿ͣͣһѵĻᣡ
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գȫ磡Ҷ㳤Хһץ£ʳĳһ֮С

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΢˼һ£˶ٵʧ԰磬˵ǹ֮أʧ԰ڣǱͨ谭п̤
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½ϳһֻħԽѪȷ磬֪жټҪʹˣڣʧ԰оȻô࣡
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Ҷɫһ䣬̽һħһʵӭһֻȻĳһƣƻأޣһȻֻħը÷飬һжȻ֣ޱߵľԪҶ壡



ڶٰʮ ѣ
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һͷħըƬͷħŭĽǷԾȫֱ۽֯һӳһƬһſֲЦ
ÿһͷħ֮ͨϵʵһֶͨ۷壬˿һԣ˿̵ĸϳһ԰ٱӣ
ЦڿУһ˿ڻٶ֮ͨ·һϵзĹͬܣһ±ѸҶǿѪ
Ҷ㶸Ȼһȭӷȭһ±һͷħץУֱ֮죬ԪƬȫڣ
ʱһĴһӾͱ鿪ɽһͷħѪ֣ʹ䣬ЦгһȱڣҶҪĳһƣȱг״ħķȺħ
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ħ׷ȴħǵҶ㣬ȴһֻ˺ѣħ𽥷ɢɶȥ
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£һĿǿߣϴǹصϢ·նȥӿ壬γһС
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ƣǧɱ㲻ҶĶ֣˵Ҷһֻ֣
㣡ǧɫһ죬δ뵽Լɱ¾֮ȻֵסԷľҪ֪ɱ¾֮һ·ֱǰ˿ܼɱɢһߵľͷ
𣿡Ҷ㶸Ȼȣһ˾ԪڷǧɵĶȴͬһը죬ɱ¾֮Ȼˢȥ˹âȻȥǧֻоһɫһףҪԵȥģ
ÿһжδλǿ߻Ҳɱ¾֮ȻȥҶΪѾǷ켫̤ͨ۷壬治֪ģ˿ֲ
ͷʢǬɵһҪֹڴˣҶǰûһ˿Ļˣ
ʱ֮ٶ߹һӰıӰϳ΢鶯ݽŭȵҿɹҶ㣬㵱ɱҸ߼ţ߹棬ձҸֻع֮գ
߼һǿߣˣŵ½ǿǹ£ʱͷʢĲãɽǿ߶Ķ֣ɼĿ£
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üëһҶΪɱ¾ǵ۹ͷɵһůץסҶֱۡ
ǿߣߣﲻҶ統ͷȣȻ˳ɽʯм䣬زͣҡΡ
һԼµս·ͼâһ˸ȫӳֵϣźһµһ
ǿʨ𹦣𣡡һХڣһȦȦɫӿγһµĹȦһµȥһ̣΢΢һ㣬ȻӭҶ
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ڶٰʮһ ˫ǹʣ
ʲô˿ֲۣɫһ䣬ȻһѪŲŵź˼ǿֵסΣ
ҶȻڲ񷣬ϴŵЦݣһУ֮ͨ·ɫʯ׼ӳֵԼϣԸĴɿֲɳȥֱƿķѪ
ֲߣڲŸոտʼҶ㳤ХһȻ̤һؾ޲ܵĿռȻ䣬һű˹ȥ
飡
ٿգϾһұսȻǷ켫˿̣ͷһһűͼֳȺ貣׹أһͨǳͼ
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۵һǽӰȻɢһ˿âɷĩ
ҶȴɫԲ԰ףȴҧһǿӣ߳Ӱɨ죬ɽҰһֲĽӰ
ͨǳͼ˺죬ڣΪߣ˺ѣɣɱ¾ɫһϲΪҶѾ;ƿݣǭ¿ˣȻת䱦ͼֱ˺ĽӰƿնȥһ·ϳûκ谭۵һҪ˺Ҷķ
ȻҪϲɫһ̣ͻȻ䣬һµ·Ȼ˹ףȴźɨһУаԵ֮ƣ
ˣҶϻΪյ룬ϵˣͨǳͼˣ
һ̣ͻȻʶã΢ԥȴûеϣʹ˷±ͼ˱ܿȥѡҪջرͼ̤ҶȦ
ǿЦƾҲ˺ҵķԼδܱסͼԲУɰɣҶЦƶȻһ䣬ʹ÷ĸоȻ仯·˲ͱһˣ
ԴγһֲУһ±ͨǳͼ˺÷飬پԪƬӿ壬Ϊҩ
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ÿµֶΣҶ㲻Ҷ㣬ֻԽԽǿʢִ˵еĲͨǿ֣߳ѹƵסҶ㣬˵³ܲң
ǰڵҶʵ̫ˣͨ죬Ҫͨˣսֲ֮Ѵﵽܼĵزٵõʯıأʱ͸ûκεˣ
ҡͷ̾Ϣη壬вǿȨ֮Զ˳ȥҺҶ档
Ҷ㣬޳СˣȻֱֶΣ
ɫҰףһǷǧɿһ𣬶ҶڿУͨǳͼˡ
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û˵˵³ֻһǾҶȵĿ⾼ĶŶˣɵø죬ǧɶ˸ŭԣһƣͰѷǧɴڵҰγο
̫ˣֶͨ죬ֶֺΣ԰һˣɳ½ܺ۵ˣ֮٣
˵ֶʵڹںöԷ˵ƺǸ죬ǧɸ˵һ仰ͻȡǵӸղһƾܿûһ㻺͵أ
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ÿµ治֪ٶȸж죡ҲͬһһݣҶ
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ǷſˣĿ˸ĶˣԲѣǿĸ˲òҴɱ˼ֻèúǿ䲻𰡣
Ҷģֱӿ۸ñӸˣе˭˹ЦҶ㣬ʧˣĻ͸ˣҲЩЧǷĸп޳ǿʵĳûдڣԣ̣ʦ֮ԶҲ޷ѣ³ֻһǾģҵһ·߲ͨˣ
ֹأ֣ɱ֮˶ǰûгһ˵ǰгǧǿ֣߳նɱ㣡ң˫ǹ֮սҶ㣬ɸӦս
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Ҷ㶸Ȼĳһƣйâ裬ɵϢһгһ𶦣һ·һ飬һͼһŹ巽ظһرһС磬ȫ֮ڣȻ˹ȥ
ըٿգ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾϰٴΣÿһιâ趯ˣȴٴĳƾ飬ӶֱವһֱηֿԾɴһž֮죡
֮ŵź˼ǿֹסŲ¶Щ˷ܹܵסһУ㻹Щ£δܹܵסˣ



ڶٰʮ ս
Ц֮Ϊˣһﲻȴڴ˺治֪ǿǷһ㣬۸ֵֶ֮֮ͣƽƽȴԼһܵ󣬽˵أ³Ҳһ
ҶȻһЦ֮ͨ·ٶ֮һױȵĹâ֮ѹȥ

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Ȼ˿̣ھԪ磬ޱߵľԪֱӳ뾫ԪʹҶһɲɾƣ
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ҶͷŭȻֱıķһߣɱ˼أռ䶼죬ֱӺȭȭɽȻȻҪѶԷǿƣ
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ҿ㻹ʲôֶΣڸõˣ֮Ҷ㶸ȻһȣĿƺҪܿ½㡣
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ҶĽŲɣȻ̶ȭƾƿǿ׹⣬ûоʹԽԽʢһȭأһʮᣬֱɱ֮ǰ
֮ɫ䣬ĿţߵȻʵǿᣬȴŬãȡ˹ʵųɾΰҵֻϧվͽҵϣ
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ÿµȭ⣡ɽͼ۵ĳ
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λ߷Ҷ㻹ǵһμȻһСϸһ࣬ȴ羫һǧǾϴҶ㿴һۣţλߵķǼòҩɵķ򣬾ֱͨ죡
֮ӳ̶Ͽп˫ǹǹ꣡
ߣڻԶԶûнɣƣƣƣƣƣƣƣҶ㶸ȻХ±ױȵܣâҫ񷣬µƲҪ񣬾ľ׶
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СӣѾɹŭˣȻҵĴǿЦ֮οȭ⻹ֻܱܶ࣬ҵķȴ޷ɣ֮ɫһ䣬˫ǹ֮ٴ˸һĹâһ±ᣬƯǷƬ棬Ҫ
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ʲôʮսʮ֮ˣҶˣƾҶʱ״̬֮ȡοʮ֮ͬʱ֣Ҷ޷ֵ
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˿־ǣһȭص㣬¾ȭɲǣȥǰƥ֮ҶԴݺݵӿƥϢײ¡
·һ˿ϢҶԴ



ڶٰʮ ջ޴
ʱձʮսһƥϢֱƿնգȻһµУ֮ʮսΪľĥҶ㣡
ɽͼɣ¾ɣɣɣһ壬һɱ磬ֹԣҶգĿɽͼϢĽѹķһϣ޿ɵ
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Ĺâ֣·棬ٵأֻľ棬ʱĻȻٽǻһƬʵХķ磬ڵĺгɱȫչֳ
ڣһǽڣӨ͸âƣıϵͬ˵壬ǽھ˵Ƥ⣬ؾѪҺ
һϹŵȻɣ趯ɱķȻ䣬ȻҶս۷壡ʮʮʮ
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ʱҶ㣬ȻͶ𣬱ޱȸߴ󣬷·ؼΨһˣأᴩһ˿սʮ׺̶ȿֱ֪޵ˣ
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ҶƿһȭµϢֱӽԷһɭȻϢƬâ˭û뵽һȭͰӿ纣ˮһĿֲϢֱѹȥ
棬Ϣ棬ޱ޾ſ޼޵İأȣ󺣲Ǻһڣʵڲֵһᣡ
ΪʮսͿǰҫҸ㣬ʹشˣҵĻƿص棬Ψƿ棬ߣ㣬յĲǴ󺣵ȻӿȴԶĶ֣㲻ǱΪ˫ǹ˫ǹ֮꣬Ҿ͵棬˫ǹ꣬Ϊͨ۷һöĵʯ
Ҷ쳤Х˱֮⣬漴һֻ֣ץ˹

֮Ȼһȣʮսӿȶ˫ǹ趯ϼ죬ֱֻ֣Ҫ䳹նϡ
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˵ʯӡҶ¾⣬ֲսټ˭Ķ֣

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ȴû뵽˿̱Ҷ㷢֣ɭĹâͬһ㣬֮ȻֱĿռ䣡
ˣˣħʷһĺУζȻ˱ܶȥоȻһѹĳҵϢȻ˹ҶĿһȻħеĳһս
սƣµĹâķأҵϢǽ˴ϹţȻ˹ҶĿײ÷飬Ϊһ˿ƵϢ
ѡʱ伫ãҶ֮Ĺؼʱ̣ȥսİոǼΪ׼Ƕȵ꣬һʩչɱУΪҶ㣡
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ǧϴӣһ㣬ƣͿԱȹ֮
ħһʹҪֹҶǴִݹֱ࣬ץ磬ޱߵľԪƬĴȫץߣҶ֮УĹؿڣ̤ͨ죡
ףһССħʾȻ˱أ˴ջ޴󰡣ҶħΪ֮ʱ̽ļ䣬ȻֻħʾȻ˻Ҷ㣬Ҳ𾪲ѣ



ڶٰʮ 
֮ħʵľԪƬӿҶڣǷƬʼɣڶһģһգˮܶʼڶ˵ľԪ£ҶĴעһղĽ
ͨ죡ӿ֮£âҫ˼㣬Ȼݼŵɽյͨ
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ҶڴĲ֮Ȼҡȴ޷ͱƣǷ֮ͣϣ㹻ܴµķֱӰҶΪߵľ磡
ֻϧҶеҩѾûУοһȺ涼ҪԶѾҶ͸֧ûжֻһ棬ı·ʱĿɨ䶴ء
ɽħʼеĲر֮أֻϧҶڴ˵ͣ˽ӽգȴûзһ㱦صټħʵļ䣬ɵԪƬɲǣͳױ鿪ˣ
ɽ֮УҶܹܵķӿп˿ŵһµ֮ϣӿҪͨ죡
磬ĵʵ֣ѵڣ԰Ļô˿µĿɽ˫˸Ĺâƺӳһ㣬͸Ƭء
ⲻϢһͷأص¶ȻһҶɫһϲڡ
Ȼڣ㲻Գͨ죬ңҲл죬죬ʱͿһƬһƬˣ˷ܵĵȻһȻڵȻһҵ
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ÿֲʱٶȣֶǿֲҶͷһ֮ͨ·̤·֮Уɫʯ׵ֿµʴ
ϢҲնˣѾ̻һľӡͣҶɫüΪѿͣٶ֮аͼ޷аѳ
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ҩˢЩԪƬƬоƬȫ볤֮УΪҶزٵһ֡
ͨƿǰߵ̽⣬Իʶ̣˫֮䣬ܹݻ磬ֿٵ֮ʱĴ
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ڶپʮ սֹս£
ÿֲϢѵҶҪͻƣģô֮Ҫ벽ͷľ磡
ܣľԪȻ糱ˮľ粻ͨ죬ҪıݶѣҪħؿ֮ʱ֪εȿֲ
Ҷ㣬ڵΪܺħǿһһٶȳأ治֪˭ܽˣ

۷֮ʱҶҫ۵ĹâµϢӿͼа׷ϢȻϨֻľԪƬҶڣǹץУǷҲ֮Уת𽥳Ϊеһ֣ߵĽ£ҶŸ̵ʶ
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̣תҶȻһȣֺգߵоУ֮ڡ
һ̣˿Ŀ⣬ȫηͿֻţܰѾΪԼصĿ˽ܣ˵ڱŭ֮£ǨŭڳˣҲ
产⣬Ұ֮УҶƵıǣǱȻݽߵԪ𽥳ӯ
ǧ꣡
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ʮǧ꣡
ʮǧ꣡
ʮǧ꣡
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ֱʮʱԪֹͣǣӿµǣǹľԪӺ۳һޱ޾ĺ󣬼ֱԺͰ벽ͷľԪҪֲ
Ҷ㣬ܹͻƣҲܳնɱңһͨķˣնɱ󣡡־ȣűɱǿȥֻʣһ˿֮ӲдȥҶɱĻڵһ̲࣡
𣿡ҶЦһǹȻһµĹâ᳹أݺݵ֮ϣ
У
ҪֻŴУֻҶ̽һֻƣݺݵ䣬Ȼ˿֮ץԼС
ҪвҺͱ³ֻһǾ
ȻһȣҶûκ˼Ӷͷ֮ݺݵ䣬ǳһʱݺݵĴƬԼڡ
ʱĿɨڳˣһ̣ûκ˸Һӣһλħİ벽ͷĿ𴦣ͷ֮â˭棡
СʩǿᣬԻǿᣬҲб׷ɥ֮Ȯһգʹ˷ҷյĳ࣬յȫΪУһҷձؽǼ֣кβã
һԶƮһͷĺУɫɮһɫģһΪ֮⣬˹
Ʌdֱҫ۵Ľâƺʮ־ﵽ˶Ϥϵľ磡
ڵһһΪͨ쳹أȥȻħǿߵľ磬֪ɷ̤һ죡
ԭֲǿһˣĳ治֪һУʩչҶϣ׹ܲã

ҶĿһǾͷȻɢȥʣµʵΪͨ죡
ϺУȻһΪβеΪңҲΪһ󹦵£ʡ֮ʱ벻˼ˣ˵ҶЦ˵
㣡ɱһȴСʩԴǹȻңЩᣬ˵˵İ㻯⣬ҷȱԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬСʩǹȥڹϵɡ
ɹϵǿЦϺУҪڴ˷ϻˣֱ׼ңҳɹ̤ϸߵĲΣкβɣ
ҶЦڵһףһףʮ͸ɱ˲ڵӣҶԷв˽ҶҲв֮˵Ҳˡġ
СʩѾ׹ħԻҲ˭ʩһ̸۷𷨣Ǽ֣ɵЦݣ·˿ûжŭǣҶ㣬ȴɱڱҰ
ǸķǣĿڲһļٺУȻ£벻ķӣǾԳ֣ǷӵȥɣҶЦӵʬ嶼Ҷʲôη֮ģ
гһᣬǷӳɷϵһᣬӵޱĴޱȿµϣ͸һ˿ӵĿֲͷ
磬Ҫģа취ʱ򣬱һ·˹˸ŰƬ˸ƺҪᣬ
Ҷأɱ֮ʱҲǳĴ䣬ڵȫУϰǿߣ׷˵Ĵȫˣ˵Ӵջķᡣ
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飬ڣۺͷӱͬһȼĴڣΪŮƣ֤֮أȣʵ㲻ʲô
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ʲô۵ȴһĨ⣬ҶСʩսͨԭϲŮӵı󣬳֮
еĻʮֶ񶾣Ůϣ˵һ˶Ůӵıںݺݵڮ٣ñվҶǰ˫΢΢ҲеԼƺʲô
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦıӵļתԷ˵Ϻ˼ˣҪվŮ˵ıҶϲվվ˭˵л˵֮ˣҾ㿴ܲ˵ǵһ
һ̣Ҷ㶸ȻܷɳȥеǹױȵĹâ¡һ죬ݺݵ˺ķһ룬ޱȷѸݣ÷ûӦ
赲
Ȼһֻ飬Ƿ֮Ͻâҫæ֮£ʱѷҶǹâ֮ǰΪ˵סҶһ
Ȼ벻鷢ˣǹâֱͬ붹һǷ֮У۵һѷĹâȫȥ

¡һ죬ħķݺ˺ѣĲҽж޷ͽֱװ֮У
˵л֮ˣҾͰ㳢ʹζ֮˼䣡
Ҷѷװ֮УϺˮľԪ࣬ͬڰǵܾ޾޵ıףɱ¾
ҶɭȻٿǸħķҺ֮ȫӿһ㼦Ƥ񣬲ѡ
̫ˣ˵˵һ仰ͰĨɱ䣬Ҫ֪̤ħİ벽ͷȻôˣ

˭ҳ֣
Ȼ䣬ҶɭĿɨڳˣԲǧ֮ڵǿߣ



ڶپʮ 
ʧʯ֮УȻ˶գҶͱӲûȥڿѰ٣Ӱ׷ļҵһ˿ͬѰ
˵ҪΪ˱أڱںεأ׷ﲻҶ֪ȴȷȷʵʵĴڣ⼸գһֱö֮ͨƬҪҵһ˿塣
磬ǹ֮ǷйڱصϢöƬĿ󿪣Ҫ뽣ڣ굽׷ʲôر鿪Ǳصںδ
ˣ
һʶǱ֮ͨڣһƬ翵磬û貵ǿգûҫֻ̫ĺڰȻڰ֮Уȴ޾ĲϢ
Ҷ΢˼ǹöƬӵһ̽Ǳڣ
ͻȻһϸ΢Ĺâһһץס۾Ȼһ˫ױȵĹʣҵˣǱؾڷӡǹ֮صڵǧһ֮䣬ֲôκαصϢԭˣ
λͷôˣӦǷǹͱصϢᣬֻȴԪͷɱӲ²ҶĿһ뵽Ǹߣʵпܺͱ˵ļΪᵽԪ֮ʱߵɫԹŹ֡
ãлһݷԽȥҶЦ˵ͱһ𣬽ص׵
ڣԽϢԽѹ֣ҪҶΪǿҲᱻµѹѹȴҶ˷ĸоϢƺĺС
ڳһ㵭ĻΣǺϢҶԽҲԽԽŨֱҶ㾹ȻԲݷ֣Լڻж硣
Ȼ죡Ǻ֮֮ǿķãҵķٴһΣҶ˷ܵ
ԽԽԶаǧ׵ʱ򣬶ȻͣסΣȻöƬ˲ж֮Уһ֮У
ؾ
ƿ࣬ʱһ΢С糾һöƬȻЩǲر֮
ȻһΪ̤УͿԵõҶһöƬУȻö֮ͨƬԿס
̤빬ɲǣӶʱһΪ⳾һĹȻ˸ûʣһƫҶվ棬ʱо۹Ļʹ˵سҪöࡣ
ҪǣȫϰУһйоصĴӵһһƬ
һƬƬϹŴս֮У飬ΪǧƬȻû뵽ԪȻ˴ֱʣƬڴˣȴԵ˵
ȫ֮ǧ˵ŶоĿ࣬ⱲӼǧȫʢ֮ʱûй
̫ˣ˶㹻ڴˣҴļҵһ˿ĴǵԣһܹǳɳٶȡҶԱӣ˽ȻãʵһֱԼŮ˿
ַʽȻпᣬȴһսʲôһսǶ㹻նɱħһİ벽ͷ
ӵһͨնɱħǿȻѣħ֮ϣÿһž޴ĺ蹵Ҳ˵һǿܹһնɱϰٸħǿߣǿҲܹһնɱɰǧħһǿߣԴơ
˵ħ֮ϣÿһ֮Ȼܹ֮ͨնɱħһǿߣʲôֱԽɱ˻Ҫֲ
ÿ춼ҪԼĴеϣȻЩ̣֮󣬱ȻҶ㵭漴֮˳ݸӣ㣬ԷܲסԱǿɾˣ֮࣡
΢˼ЦŽӹ漴ҶԵＸ䣬ת̤ƫ
ҶԦƬԹɵƬӡһϢκй¶Űĵƫ
һӣڵĴ˺Ƭʹֶθܵģûʹȥȴҧ֣ɫҰֽûκѪɫҶ־ͣǧգߵ׷
ʮڵľ֮УϣȴΪըֻ˶̶һ룬ȴһһҹ
ʹҶ㷢Ľ˿ڵջ飬Ĳҽ־塣
¡һҡΣųһһĹâҶڣԼĴһ̣ûĴѿһ׳ɳĴ
ǰǿƹܹκ˵Ȼ飬ĿҲױȣ˿̣ҶܹĲ壬Ǻεȵҡ
һɲǣͰΪͨڣ۷ֻ֮һ֮ңϾҪƱϡ
ΪȻ䣬Ҷٶ˺ĴһΣϵٶȿʼӿ죬һһҹ˶ʮСʱ
Ȼֻ֮࣬о³޾ĸܵԼսǷпµٶȣԽɱ˶õս
ԽԽ𽥻һöƬöƬûκι򣬵̺һйŴҶĴӣɳһŲ𽥵ģ֮ӵһ
߽ϣȻΪһǰδУֲ֮񹭣ƺֻҪһܹɱϵˣ
һҶϲܹܵԭȱ֮覣ɹΪ֮ͨ·ǹһ
һ֧Ҷļÿһαɢһ֮ǿΨлյ֮Ȼϣ
һһ죬Ҷ㶼ڽħһѵѣٶغϣ˷˰£ҶĴֻʹСڣȻɳһִ޴Ľ缹һ֧壬Ҳͬһ޴󣬺񷣬ֱϼʣ׹ȫ֣νͨڣµĴˣ
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һȭѿͬ޵ĳһ㣬Ѱǧ׵Ĵȫѿһȭʮս
ÿµһȭһȭϣаʮ֮ڣȡҶ΢΢𣬶һȭʮ⡣
ˣһһǧ̲صƬ֮⣬һжΪ֮ȫΪڡ
˿̵Ԫӿ¶޾
ףʱҶĿⶸȻһڵһ˿Ϣ䷲֮ʱϹµһ˿Ϣ˿̣ϢƺˣΣգ



ڶپʮ С
ӾȻȫ֣еĲϿҶĸܵԷѾͨ죬벽ͷľ磬ֻİ£ûκֹͣ˼ҪڽٶͻƵ˼
͡
𹬵Ƭһ⣬УȻ˼ˣ
ÿһγһˣȻʼСȴԼٶȳɳӵвΪ
֮£Ȼɺһԭ֮Դ֮ڣҶĿһ޴ķֻ֣Ҫҵ֮ԴԼӵԴ޾Ԫµǣˣ
ʱ˿Ҷ㣬ͻȻ˵˵Ǳӵ
磬ҪţңҵõĴУҪڴһʱ䣬ЩԱҵİȫԷȥгɣƹضʱһȥ㣬ĺǣ
ӵҶüͷ΢𣬱Ҫڴ˵ЩģȻ֮䣬ͻȻ֣ǹݺݵĴһոճɳˣ
ˣ
ǹâӳղ񷣬ɱǸոγɵˣȻȴһҶʧɫ˾ȻһΪ壬ͭǽһβơ
磬һʮˣͨΪÿ˶һ˿ϢҲ˵ǵ嶼ħԳ֣ĻûκεǣҪǣЩ˿ԺһʵҲԽԽߣߵһ̶ȵʱҲῪǻۣ¿Է˰ɣ
ԴƤ֪ҶһǹûκɱҪɱ˵ĻǸ˸ס
ãҶͷЦŵƹضȥãɽңҼ
ͨ޺֮УһƬԭ֮УȻŮһŮ棬ӣҶڴˣȻܹϳ˱ǸдѵϹ
ڱһŮѹģԪʧʮ֮߰ˣ˵ԪˣΪħ֮½ͨ죡
Сʣ֪Ϊ£֮ˣ̤ħ֮ûлħʵѹסңϹɫҰףЬŵźˣɫȻ䣬ûκ˺˼
Ȼ֪ҿ£ҪԣҪħǿЦ̤ħ֮»ǸĲ񣬶ңħ֮ʮ֮ãǴ򣬻ǾԪĴȣҪǿö࣡ʲôܺ³ֻһǾʶģǾͰеһ˿׸ңҲһһ·
СʣǬʮ֮һԿ̩޵ĻߣҪ֪Ǭ½Ŵ֮УǬɴ֮⣬̩ΪģҲ磬λҪڣͬʢǿ֮أСʣǿ̩޵ǿ֮һ
룡ȼգҵòҲҲԶòϹ˸ǿӲ֮ˣԸԲȴܲвοŵûƿ˭ʤ˭֪ô䣡
ˣ
ħһɫĹâȼɫһϹԴУһɲԭ԰׵ձú
һϹһǹǹһλȻΪһµ⣬֮ǹһɱ죬ҫޣֱȥ¡һֱ񷣡
СȴһЦȻ³ĸ֣
ȻһȻһλһϮ˫Ŀ貺ǣ磬˫֣ͻȻ䣬ȻһָһֱָƲ񷣬һָǬ£޿ɵֱӽϹ
ߣȼҾֱնɱ֮󣬰һС֮࣬ٶȵһֱָϹ࣡
һ̣Ϲ˫һĹâ·𿴵ĩս٣ǵɢŴ̹ǵĺ⣬ΪɭȻֲһӣȡ
Ϊһѳ޵ΪΪԷɹ·ϵĵʯλʥŮεȵĲʣڴ˽̣֮кεƿƿ
Ȼ䣬ҧҧԾҪһĨӡʶľӡǲ˵ӡӡһ⿪Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飡
ס֣
һ̣߶ȻһȣһأȻը죬ͬʱͬǴһָ⣬ϸָ͵ȫһ
ۣ
ָ⼤ײһ죬ȫ
СʣСʣҪնɱϹӣһȣֳһϮ£Ӱúܳȴ쳣öͷͬʱһ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ֣Ϲһ㶣ʧɫδ뵽ԼΣͷȻֽģȻĵˣһֱҪԽĿ꣬Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㣬ո˱ӣȻϤϹΣѣԳ˹һĻ
ôСһȵԴӳ֮һһ޵УվȻһͻȻðëͷСһвҪʵ֤ԼնɱëͷСڽ£
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ҶȻ㱩ңǹͬͨ۷ΪȫһͽСȫ飡
СĿ¶⣬Ȼһ䣬ħķ䣬ʹͬʯһ㣬ͷתǷתĺȴΡֲϢ
ͣ
ħķȻųߣͬ᳹صһֱ׹棬ǹֱҶͷ­ȥ
ħ죿ֻϧķֻǵͽ׷䣬ԺңҴ飡ҶһΪǷ֮ϣܹܵħϢҲҲһõѰͻ֮ء
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ҶĴһӳ˳Ǿ޴Ұ֮УϢɢ˵һͰתħͣȻʱǹâأҫ񷣬һը죬һ±㽫ħķը÷飡
Ҳɣ
䣬Ĺһ±ȥСһ㷴Ļᣬֱץ˹ȥ
Сʣħ֮Ŀǿߣܹ֮ͨµģҿСЪ˹صĴӿֳһŵһâͣȻȼħǴһײ
СʵȻ˳Ҷ֮ʱ¶⣬ߵɽڣˮǺڣСӣѾסϢˣգҽش˳㳢ܼ֮նɱ㣡
μΪ鶯ٶҲ쵽˼£ƺ˷֮壬δ֮䣬Ȼܳϰûκټ
ߣǿЦΪ㻹л𣿡ҶȻһЦͻȻ𣬶УԴ֮Ĵ֮



ڶپʮ ħ
һ貵ߣٶȿ쵽˼£ֱȥ乭֮ƣȻһը죬ȻСʵط˺÷飬һǰֱɱСʵͷ­
֮֮ģƻֱֺ꣬Сٶȿ쫷磬֮棬ֵһᡣ
һֱͷ­
Сɫ䣬ȻǹɱĿ꣬ݣһֳһƬȻǹֱײϣ
һը죬񱮱ըƬȻǹ֣µ֮ǰӻֺ꣬Ψ˿µĿѹܹﵽĿĲݣ
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СʵȻһֻͣһֺֻȻ£â֮£ȻνУ޷ѿ
ܣɣȻ£ߴСĲҺޱߵľԪƬʹȫҶ֮ڣħķҲҶҪͨıر
֮ǹľԪһ̣ȻһħǿߵĺôǵľԪѾӺ۳һ㣬Ҳ˵ɷع˼
ǧҪСһľԪǱҶľԪҪ
лҶֳȣϹҶԮһâһָԭ״ܹЦ˵
ˣϹӴȬΪҲ̤һ۷壬ϲˡҶЦ˵׹£ֵ͸Ϲ⼸ԼٻָӵƣЦɡ
Ϲ΢һԥһ£ǽ˹ʥصķĹܽκҶ֮ʵ̫࣬Ҳںһˡ
лҶ֡
ˣӿ֪ħĵطСʵļõһϢСʵһΪħ죬õĳĴС
Ҷʶδ仹ȵطǴ½ս֮ʱҲδֹĵط
ħ죿Ҷô뵽ǸطϹüɫЩŹ֡
ŶһλżȻᵽЩʣλȻƮȻȥɻ󣬺Ȼ뷨ѵ֪ǸطҶɻʵ
ϹͷʥصʥУȷһطħݣű䵽һңԶǿС
Ŷ죬ԭҶͷ֪һ½ս֮ʱ춼һԶɽɣӶɹ̤߾أΪһλǿߣ˳Ϊ죡
ȻһЦ֪һأӿȤһͬǰ
أϹüëһϲɫ˸ҵһŶ֮⣬ջ֮ʱͻȻһЩСǰ˷Ҷ˵ıأĶͻȻЦҶҪˮ𣿡
ҵˮֻ֪ӻ᲻һͬˮأҶֱԲ䣬ħħаĻϹǵĿǣҶҪǰС
Ϲ˸ڵǺãֻҪлͻƣ̶ѨҲҪһҪˡ
֮УһΪ֮أűǬ½һ壬ħ壡
ǱϹŰеһԱֱϹŴս֮ʱħһû䣬ΪɱɫڴսƽϢ֮࣬˵ǿܺвŮߣȫħһд֮¾½ǿߵķ߿ΪףŴǿ߾ۼһ𣬰ħһ½ϵ֮С
ʱ̤ӰǴͨ߳Ҷ㣬ϹˣСʲдļ䣬̤졣
̤ɲǣйΡϢħһŷʥħһϵĵ棬ϢҶ𿪣ʹ޷̤һ
죬ʥħһŷʥħҲĤݵĵҪõأΨпʥħĵСϹ
Ŀħߴܶ࣬׸ߣʮֲֿǵϣӵв׵ΪϹ˵ħ츳ڳʱ򣬾ؾΪ˵һ
ֻǹƽģʣʹħһǸܴ⣬ҲħһƽһӤ
ʥħҶĿһȻСʵĴбʥħļʥħȻ伸ʮ꣬ǣȴһ˿лգ˵ʥħһֱţֻԶҲָ˵ΪؼѰߣҪǵгһջָԼΪ
ףԴôһӦʲôôܹҶȻһȻڵԴ飬һβҶΣͷ֣



ڶپʮ ʥħ֮
ˣ
ʥħĵҲ˸һĹȦƺħ֮Ӧһ㡣
ȻҶȴ֪ʥħĵȦ֮ʱԴҲʼͣҡΣȻ͵ӳ
Ϲţʥħֻһֻ۾ǲһ۾ü֮䣬ͺһ˫۾ʵ۾ü֮䣬ѳ򣡡ϹҶȴһ˼
ħǹĹڵϣ¶֮⣬ͣߵͷ˵ĻҶϹȴȫ˵ĻϹŵԣֽȫͬ
ӣǷͷж񽻸ңֻҵ֮żɣպҶһ£˵
ܹΪ֣죬죬죬һΪ죬ڶе죬Ҳħ䣬֮ȴ죡
ҲãСʵļ䣬Ѿ֪֮ŵĴλãֻ̤֮ŵԿϣҶܹõ񣡡Ϲƺ뵽ʲôͷ漴Ҷȥ
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ڣҶеԼԪǿ󣬾ȻСȻԪĴȴԽԽ
̫ˣҵõ籾ԴҵĻٶһܹɹΪܹӵгΪǱʣҶ˷һŴɫӴڷ˳Դ飡
ԴֱӶ֮ϣҶĿһ֮׷ȥֻԴһޱ޾İɫԴĺ֮У
Ҷһ㶣ףıԴ
һһ磬һҶһᣬ籾ԴȻ񷣬ȴһ΢УΨܹ뱾Դڣʱȡ֮Դ
Դâ΢һƬ࣬ԭָֻͷСӾȻ̵帡ֳǧϸ֮£ϵƶ䣡
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ʹƶȻһƲʣ˾Ŷ䣬Ҵûκιâ˸űɫĹʮҫۣµǣԴ龹Ȼһ̤۷֮ıԴɾ͹Ǳʡ
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飬һ飬Բʥߣοʥħవ㣬ħ½ȻǣٶȽ٣ҪǸϾɱ
ڹݵħ壬ʥħһʼ۷׷ΪԸܵϡţ籾ԴʧϢ
ǣʥħһһŹǣڣǾҪټħǿߣ֮Ǹ˳Ĩɱ籾Դ
һλ۵ȵǰҲ˵Ŭ࣡
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ãǴܵϢλȻĴܣҶȻ󾪣ܣһɱϰٸҶ㣬οԳ֣ûκλᡣ
Ĵ󽫳֣Ҷ㶼ħƣο־죬Ҫ˺Դ磬ɱҶ㣡
ٶˣǾȳأͨ죬Ҳһһƴ֮ҶͻȻһŭıԴҶ磬ӿȵıԴ֮У֮ԴҲ˵ƺ̳־ΪһƬص
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Ҷ巢Ϊͨ۷ıԵǻһ̣ڱԴ֮Ĵ֮£Ȼֱͨͷ
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ŬȻһߣΪ֪ԴĳҲ֪Ҷ⣬ҪΪ֮ϵûôף
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ڱԴռѵɲǣԭ뵵죬ʱޱߵĺڰѹһ̣ħʼֻ
ãŬһζȻ˶ȥǹΨܱҶ϶ȻλҲ¶⣬ޱߵĿ־壡
Ȼ˿̵Ҷ㣬Ҳܣֻͨ죬ǿбԴʹԼΪһмӵвԽĺ蹵ȻĴ֣Ҳܵ˼ˣ
鿪һ飬ǧ飬ĴҲ֮ķĩ˵ڵҶ㣬ֻһʶû壡
ҾͰҵ壬ֲұ壡ȻһȣԴ֮ȼգҡȻҪҶ硣
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ҶеԴ鷢һĪĹâҪҶƣ˳ȥ
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𣡡ҶȻһȣʥħĵĸԴֻҪƵ񣬱Գɹ죬ΪԼһ֡
΢΢һ£ȻҪڿն𣬳ϱԴ磬ҶеԴ飬Ϊһ壡
룡ŬĿһһţ˿ߣҪƯĵƣֶ£¹ڵ档
ʱ̧һֻ֣¡һƣٶȴҶ㣬֮أû˿ԵֵҶ̳ޱߵıԴΪҲŬȫһĶ֣
ŬļϳһʥħӰݻǧϹ֮ʯ֮֮֮֮һΡصĴ֣Ȼ£
һƣ·Խ޾ļԪɾΰҵ˻翪ٵ֮ʱɳΪˣ߾磬һƾõḶ́Ȼ䣬Ϊ˳ĨɱҶ㣡
ˣҵңҶһŬЩ˼ɣеץʥħĵ񣬱ԿҶΪܲʵ̫ࡣ
Ϊе£Σʱ̣ҶȻصװǧ״Ƭʱޱϣ¡һ죬ŬԺһƣ
֮Уһӵ֮ԴƬƬƹ֮Ҳɱοܵһƣ
£֮ˣȫĨɱǧƬӵױȵܣŬһƶϣµľ죬ֲܽ÷죬ǿڲ֮У
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ȻҶƬȻûгɹĨɱܣҲ˲鷳ʹԼڴܾɱһ֮£û䣡
ߣԭǸͨСһȡıԴһ߶գԽ˲ռ䣬ֱҶľ
ֻоԴ죬һ˿ʶҲɢ飬˿̵Ҷ㣬Ǳ֮ը飬ʶҲըûҷڵʣһ˿Ǻǻۣ
һһ˿ֻҪʥħ֮УҾл̣ᷭȻɱλҲл磡ҶһʶһựƬӳסȫǰ
ʥħ⣬治֪ʲô𣡲ҵǲɱ㣡ŬȻһͣ¶һĨЦݣҾܱԴΪһ磬ıԴ磡
δ䣬趯ҶٶԴңŬྐྵȻΪҶ壬һ֮Ҷ㼫Ϊ⡣
ҪرԴҪΪ壬´ҪҶǰľµöܸ̺࣬ܵһĨܵϢΪ׵ȼ˴֮ģʹ֮Ϊһϵ
񣬺ߣԭ⣡ҪҵǣסʥħеǸߣǳ룬ҪעˮһˣҶ¶һĨЦȻ֮С
һ̣ǰֻһޱϵĹ֮ϣһۣ˫ĿʧΨüĴѿһ϶ǿߡ
ڴ룬˫ץΣһµӣ·һλϹžһ磬ܿܿ
ֻϣûǹΡصϢûƿص·һͨˣΨ겻һصִؼ䡣
ȴʱдһʫʣȻλϵʥħ˲ţλ˫ץΣòϵǿߣȻһת۱Ϊһλ˵ʫˡ
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Ŷֲãֲãʥħۣ֮򲻿ģҲգԵ˵˵еĿģҲܰ㣡λʥħûյһ˵Ĵ鳤ߡ
ٲ˵ɾˣŬѾһʱˣǰǰҲȥһΣҲǾȷݣѾϤ˼񡣡ЦЦƺ⡣
ڼΪһУʵŬУһöõӣһν֣ҲΪǵڶΣʵ̫æˣʵϣҲܹ㣬Ŭһ֮ͨʱݶֵܹ֪Էĺ̨ԣСӣŬȣʵ̫ˣôʵԲʥħЦ˵
ˣڽѵңҶһէ֣ڶƴ÷Ҷ㣬Ȼ֪ԼˣֻͨܣܺʹѾսͨɻˣĻһж㲻ˡ
οһУзĻᣬʹ˷֣ɿ壬ɹѣģҪһĻ½ս֮ʱûһԱء
ɲһһ˵ӣڻңʱĿܡ
죬ѾŬ࣬ȻϹĹңʵҵϣ֮֮Ҳ׳ΪҲȨս죬ɱǬ½ʥħĿһۣûжŭ˵
֮ԭҶһ֮ܿܿһ˵ĤݣϵŲһ֮ҲΪ̤ϴ֮˼ʵĻ
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֪ڴʲô⣬ŲģҲɿڣûܹϵõ֮ʥħۣ֮ҲУЦŵһž޲ӣƺֻʫ裬鲨
ʥħһִԴİأҶ㺮һȵһ͵˸ӦеĹâҾŶƲ֮У̲Դ
Դ飬ʥħۣ֮ڳһ˿ݣգۼţɵȻЦСŭұһף㲻Կõ˵Ľף



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ҿΪ죬壡ͻȻ
ҶһΪ壬ɾͳ죬еħħΪҲ֮˵ݴò
Ըħ֮ң
վЦЦЩΣ˵޼۵ģֻҪܹػɣһЩ֮ʲôأ
ɣҶȻЦ֣֮Ŭ壿̣
ʥħһ˿ؼ䣬ȴֻķչ壬̤ߵľ硣
ĿıԴҵĿŬ壬棬ȡԼҪģкβΪ˶˶٣ܹŬ壬Ըĺ̨ԸΣΪ鷳
һ仰Ҷ㶯ݣ˷Ҫ̤ߵľ磬ٻزãɽҪԭ򣬱ڣãɽҪٰʮһȵĴ䣬ʱǱչصģǿߣڡ
ҶķңĽڣĽƵĸ׽ҪзĽƵʦˣڲãɽżߵĵλΪǼߣһǹҶ޾鷳ңãɽչصĻǬɶʺǬʣǿǿߣҲҪ֡
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Ϊ˵õŬ壬ȻΪҵĺ̨ΪҳΣ
ȻֻҪҶŬ࣡ҾԸĺ̨ϣܿϵĵӣοſĸԣȻ鷳Ѷɾʹ֮λΪĺ̨ܹǬ½޵УҲΪ鷳һҪġ˺Ц˵ƺԶҶ㣬һӦһ㡣
ҶĬãڵͷӦãҴӦ㣬ҪʥħΪԡ
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ʱͻȻһը촫֮еҶ˸еһҡ֮ƽȻŬҶ壬ΪԴ壬죡
ʱãҶ㣬ֻҪʥħ֮۴ҳȥҾа취Ŭ࣬㣬ͿӶԴǬ˵Ҷһֻ֣ɫԴ˸űĹԣȻѶ˵۵һ
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СˣȻǷųŬྪȻ˶ȥСҲùѾӡֻҪںˣҾͻȫ㣬ΪҵĿܣ
ҶںϵɲǣŬŭȻҶȴȻһЦߵǸ׳գΪƾһӡܹƵңЦ
죬ҪΪˣ˶ҪңҾǵ֮
Ҷ쳤ХԴ飬ٶ֮ϵıԴʼ۵һ𣬺ϣһ̣ٶʧȥƽʼҡ
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֮γɵĹȦգ۵ĹҶͼ˰ǧ֮Ҳ˵ټ죬ȻаħϵʥħҲ
ƿҪ壡ҶһȣһöСӶȻը飬Ϊ˿˿ƵĹâȻҶȴֱӳɶϣ񷣬һֱֻץ񷣬¡¡֮羹Ȼץ
Ŭ˿ѾǬĥü;ƿݣôйҶ㣬Ҫ˵ˣ类оʹó鴤Ӫ˼磬ȻǸһļһеĲ˼£
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ǧħֻ֮£Ҷſڣ羹Ȼ˽ȥ֮ڣΪһ֣
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Ҷ巢װǱ壬Ŭܳɹ壬ȨٶȹԼ磬ȫҶڣΪһ֡
Ҫǣı飬ٶںϣ磬̳˰ǧ֮ΪȻͨ죬ɹ̤ͨ۷֮ҪȻлһͨĿׯ
ãҵ壬ǶԿкѣҶ㶸ȻЦȻһȭ¡һը죬ȫ÷飡
ףʲô˲䣬ȻһŹֱӳ壬ʱûô⣬Ϊɹ֮ʱȻٶȳ֣
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߶Ȼ仯Ȼ貵ǿգȺҫɣȻǿ֮УΨһҫۣҶ΢΢ȴǿȻת
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Ҷٶȱ仯Ȼ֮УȻ˱ӣϹ˱Ӱţݻȥںδ
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Ҷ˷ܵĲǬ˵ģŬƿص֮ǣ֮ǰûһڸǵסܣǣҶ㽫ʹһʧ
ʱͻȻһЦŬ࣬һɹ󣬼ûгɾϴܵʸ񣬵ҵϴʲôǰһҽһѾ̤ľأգ壬̤ľأ
ʱŬĿдһ˵ĴЦиһ鼮ȻһʱһƳշ¡һը죬ȻǴܵϣŬǿٱֹ
ȣ˵ѾŬ࣬ʥħִǬ飡
ǬһĺУ֮Ҳ˵Ĵ飬һ񷣬ͬһȭһֶֻθһЩ֤֪ʶĺӡ֤ĺۼ
ҶСӣл˴γ֣֪Ҫʥħĵ֮ţôҾһ飡ǬӿнȻһָһ뱻ҶĵڣɲǼ䣬ʱһȦâǻһ㡣
ֻǬ˵Ҫ֮ţеǲģżֻʮ֣ҵӡǣҲ˵ĺ̨֮ţͲΪˡ
ҶһϲŻڵ֮ڲżԦ˵ĶǬĻʱ˵ס
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˵ҳ˵񣬱ĺ̨죬֮·ǧҪ⣬ڴ½ϣ֮·ǿߣԲǣܹɹ̤ϵߣȴ֮٣˵ʮѾûܹľ磬ƺֻϹţĶǴ˵ûĿã֪Ƿԣǲܵõ˵ඥΨԼȥ򣬶ǿ־ǿʵǿгأ죬ȥѰ֮ϵľ磡
Ǭ˵Ҷ㣬ܿǱǿˣѰҵһ˿Ĵ·Ҳ˵˵δǰ;㣬ǧҪ·ǿߵԪȻƶһӣڳ·ȴԵ֮٣ԣһҪмǣպȻҪһʱһ̵ʱ䣡Ԫ̣һȥ
ͻȻ̾Ϣһϻָԭ״˵ˣʱˣ͸ˣǣɲҪٴˣڴ֮֮߳󣬾ҲҪ˰ǧҪˣҲģƬֻۣҪһöҾͻᴩԽռ䣬ֱӴ͵ߣΪǽѣȥҲ
˵ţӳöۣҶ֮ǬҲԶȥֱʧӰ١
ڸҶ㣬תǣϹĶ򣬺ȻϹں˴Σ
֮ãҲ˭ܹ򿪵ģһһµˣȵľԪͬâһſȥȻѾ̤˼ߵľ磬ɾħ֮
ϹʥصʥŮҲˣħΪѣѵҲסҵĵ·ǸˣȻһʯ飬ײɽڵɽ֮ϣ
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˵֮һλ棬һǬ½ڵƽеλ棬֮Ϲ֮֮أ֮һӡλӷ˳һй̣Ҽ¼Դ򣬻֮·
Ҫǣ֮Ҳ֮һص֮أʮǿ֮ڣǿǰ̵ܽȴûһ˴еõİ塣
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λسǵǿߣΪǬʮеĵʣһΪͨ쳹أֻһָǬ̤ħһ죬ӶΪһǬɵʣ
ϹӣȻִҪ̤֮ţһ𣡡жȻаĹâȻϹĿɲǣȻɢһȻ˳ȥ
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Ϲ֣һŵήԪ̶ͣգ۵Ĺ򣬾ȻȥһԪ
յֶΣȻҵԪҸ㣬ҵԪ纣󣬸޾ܹûģ
ȻһȻһ˫ӴĳȷǾҪŵȻһը
ϹҵҪ㻹ʲôֶΣʮ⣬ɱȻʹͬһס񷣬ȻγһѽĳȻһȣһնȻ䣬ޱĽ⣬գ֮䣬ͳּʮ⣬ֱ񷣬ɱϹ
ɲǼ䣬ǵһɱϹɫ䣬ЩɱȻϸСʵϣÿһŻֺµϢֻҪմȾһ˿Ȼᱻը÷飡
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಻٣ʮ⣬˿̵ĽѾǼ򵥵Ľ⣬ǽĺǵأͬʥһ·Ҫն¾Ƭյһ
ݻ䣬ըյһ
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ȻޱߵĽڳһ·ɲǣٶֺۣϢٶһֲĽУȻն䣬µĽâһĺһУɨӵޱߵ
ãϹȻһĽȻըɢޱܣȻһչֵ쾡£·ӵƿش½ֱ̧أɽĿܡ
ϹȻӵϷҵǰǶӲҵĶ֣ԣֻһ·Ǿ־ܣҵĶ¯ΪˣΪһӵūֳ̱˿ŵЦݡ
ΪʥصʥŮŨҵŭΣʥŮ߸ϣʥׯʱܹ˵裬ڣˣԷȻҪǿΪԷūλĸŮҲܳܵġ
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ʲôˣĿԼĵ⽣Ȼһƿմߴ飬˭ܲ˴
ǸΪͿԳΪǬɵʣͿѹʥʥŮԿڳԣҪϹūٶȴ˵֮ʱȻʹ󣬳ޱߵŭЪ˹أһΡһϢ
һֻ֣Ȼѹмпռȫը鿪Ŀֻ˹˿ֲѹ׵ľ
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ֻоһڵĿռȻըѿ򱻾մУһˣóסǹɾϮ
˭ȻңΪλҪͷ¶βӢۣǾͳߣҳһֻ֣ɱ㣡չ˫ᣬȻһģǹƿϮľȻ鿪
վϹɫһϲǺԼõˣһ̤֮̽˽ܣҶ㣡
ŷߣƿպŭֵˣҶ㣬ֻӵħһΪұΪǬɵʣһΪͨ쳹أܹɱĶԷŽ֣˵ҶռʱŰѶԷһԵʤһ
Ҿ㣬ѪȾ֮ţΪ̤֮ŵļƷҶȻ֣Ϲǰֱȵ
Ŷͨ죡̫Цˣ㾹Ȼֻͨ졭ҶΪɲǣȻЦײǽأϷ֮⣡
ֲ͵Ϯ֣ԭֻһͨСӣҸ㣬ʶĻ͹ڵģҲһܸʹ죬㲻ദĻߺߡ
ϹüëһĹâȻ˱ŭնˣɱضħľ缫Ϊ
ԣ֮УһԼֻҪͷţɱλǬɵʣ
Ҷ㺮һߵ£ãҲһ·ʶĻھ͹ģȻ׼ңΪһ֣Ҳ̤ħ벽ͷ֮ĵʯĻ³ޱңһ㣡
ȻһȣκȻֻĶʱһµֱ
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⣬Ȼ콣һ㣬޾գһħֱ죬ֳһӲӵ񽣣ƿâҫۣɱҰΪֲɭȻ



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Ҷ㣬Ҫնǣ
Х񷣬ֳֻƽ£Ѫ𶯺ɽ֮ʯ䣬ƽ𳤽ն䡣
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ݻһֻӴҡϣǿգٶȸݻƵĽӿ£ƽʥʥһ֣
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ɲǼ䣬ĹȦȻըΪǧС񣬻һ£ǵصѹֱѹҶڵĿռ䣬񱩵˺ҶķĿռ䡣
ƵĴƽɣޱȣƿչᣬХ֮ѹһ񷣬˿־塣
Ҫɱ·ӣĵ飡㲻ǱΪս𣿹ҵ㲻Ǹɥ֮Ȯ©֮㣬̻̲յļһھɱ
Ъ˹أаϢȻһХƵĴһҶ㣡
ߣ˭ſЦ
̤֮ͨ·ֳ֮ͨĽЦĽˢһ£һȥһԽХݻһµĽȻ䣬Ȼ߷һƬâɱ壡
ۡ
Ҷٶʵ̫ˣӶ֣ÿһλ䣬ᱬƣɱǧ
֣ͣĹâһֻֻпɫѪҺŽͷ­䣬Ӵʬһһ׹䵽ϣ¡¡֮죡
Щɽ߷Ĵʵڵһ㣬Ҷֱۣÿһͷ­һЩںϣȻݻһӰҶһ븹У׹뾫ԪУΪһѾԪƬ
ԭˣЩȻѪĴҩȻֻҪֻᣬ˵ܹˣһͷҶԺͷҲһ
ûˣǱĳ֮ת޶ˣ֮һУпһ˿ˣ
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֮Уһ˿أԼȲһԡ
ֻڽٴ˵֮ʱҶͨݣõһ˿ۣҲ˵̤֮ڣһһᣡ
˸һĨᣬ취ƽ⣬̤֮Žǳ˱ɱ¾пҲ˵أʮΣգ
ҶҲֻܽڲ˼ڴ˿̣гôһͷҪתˣֲԼĿȱͼΪ漣ʹ̤֮ڣ漣;ϲ
໡ȻХΰȻ̤һɫʥ裬˳죬ͬһ㣡
ʥĹƣʹĴ˫Ŀµɱ⣬ɲǼ䣬Щȼһ㣬ݻ޾Ŀֲɱɱ
ԭǽĺᣡڽ񶼸նɱοһĬĬĺɣ
ҶЦгһĹ˸ͨīǺڶһأǿ޹֮ҰױɲǼ䣬䣬ѪϢǵأһ̣ռ䶼ȥ
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ֱ˿ֶ̣֮ܲɱֱͬ˻ʶ˲񷣬˿̵֮пӡȫȫ¶ʵ̬ڶĹâҫɲĺڶڹһ㣬һҡضӿ׹趯³̶ȿ֪
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Ҷ˫籧£ȻɲǼ䣬ҡضֲ׵أƬ񷣬ƺ޾ײеĹӿ˳
ʥ֮һû뵽֮Ȼ䵽ȫ޸ɾǶҲҵ֮ţնɱҶ㣬ɾܵõ
ЦȻչ˫һ˫ᾹȻӵһ𣬶ʱһ󵶣ɵɲǣȻ˹һɻϢǵѹ˹ȥͬӡڵħ
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֮ҲˣһЦ͵һѪеĳʱҫɫĹâƳ𣬾Ȼ֯һƬչֳ޾
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ãɫڱˣ֮ǵһ֣ԶûлͷɱǿĲݣ
ϡ
ֶ󵶣ǵû䣬֮гΪһƬ֮أ
ѹѹ
Ҷ㳤һǹȻѹ·ҪһݺݵѹȥĴѹȥ
ֻҲø飡飡飡Ҷһը죬һɴܲϢ¡һ죬Ȼѹ£ݺݵĴ֮ϡ
꣡꣡
һ̾Ȼͬһը鿪
ܣôܣ㾹ȻܵϢȻ˿ȥ󵶿˫ΪĴУƣ֤Ĵбˣ
Ҷںһ顱ֵɲǣǬ鱬һĨϢȻɢֱĴ󵶳鿪ȥ
ɣҿֻû˳ĴڷɣҶȻһȣգȻʱɫ֮£һѾץѵĳȻҶȻĳһֻ֣µƺݺݵĳ𣬽ĴֺݺݵĴ飡
飡
ѵĳƬȫץҶУʱһɻֺӿڣһͬһϢ˭벻һ崫е˫ȻԴ
ˣ˫Ȼӵˣ֮̽£ʱʧɫ֮оȻ̲ˣ
Ҷĳλת޶ģȻģҶ·̫
ҶԼûԼ޽ˣֻԴӵõǣͻȻ뵽һĨͷǾǣԼ޽ˣ翵ˣʵԼƿأ
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Ĳ漴һŹâҶڣҪһĨ˵ϢȻҶ磬Ťתص˳֮У޷
Ҷ㣬㾹ȻҪӶҵˣǿЦҵ˵Ǳɾΰҵ̤ϴܾˣ֮ƳܹԿ˵ģһȰҵ˫Ҳһܸһ·
Ц޼ɵЦݣƺ֮£ҲҶʧܵĳֻ˿Ȼ⣬ͼչؿޣ´Ҷ㣬ȻҪնɱ
ǣܿ죬ЦݽӲϣԸоһ˿ʧˣ˫֮ʧӰˣ
ҶǰֳһǣҲһ˿ˣ
ôܣҵģûܹ޽ӣ֮ˣˣȫᱻ췣ûܹѵ췣ǡ󣡷Ļûܹ޽ҵˣ
ȻһһϢգƬ񷣬һ˿ϢȻڶ
Ƭ
ǿЦﲻһζֻͣҪܹˣ֮еὫ򿪣ʹܹɹԾŹأɾΰҵ
Ҷ˷ܵĺ֮ǰѾ֮һ˿ҲֻҪ̤룬ͻУʹ
õˣһ˿Ҳ֮⣬ӨӨһƬҲûһĨҲ˵̤֮֮Уһ˳ҳ漣
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ʊɫ޾ĿֲϢƬغѹѹһƬƵĸо·ΪһƬ֮ѣպҪ·ǻѹ
ѹҵҪʲô£ܹԿ֣ǵеڤеǰ߹οˣҶ㣬ھڣҵģҲһУͼҵˣʳ
͸ıҲ˳ΪľǶ˫عˣ
ãһԹսϹɫ䣬Ҫ֣֪γ֣˿̼ƬʱʧɫʥصʥãҲһöƬԴϹű䣬ǿ߳Уû뵽Ȼӵ˿µĶ˵Ĩɱ󣬸˵ˣ
ôΪƾһƬƬҪնɱң˫ǿЦʼ߷ƵĽ֮ʱѾ˾ѪҪ߶ԶϺ·ȼǱܣĻ
ҶȻȣǻǹԹԵıһ׼ңҳΪˣ֮ϣ
һ˿һ˿˹֮УһƬƬƬֳҶڣᵽһ壬ȻȴΪ
ʮӽһ˿ˣ㣬Ҫʮʮҹ˵˵ǿ
ֻһεעһ٣ȴûǰԤ֪ټ޼ʣΪ޵УϹҪռ֮ţʹôٽ٣Ҷ㡣
Ҳлȹ٣ʹ˰֣תߣտʼûҶʵΪ¾ͿԽҶ㣬ֱӻȡ֮ţһУʹλӵп˵ǿߣҪ˻ɣ
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ͬһգǷյ֮Ҳ˿ѹ£Ƭӿֲƾѹ
ʲôһӦʱٿصöƬȻܵޱ谭ײǽһĲֻһֻƿץ
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ܣֻоԼҪĶȫˣǰ;ð޹⣬ûһ˿ˣ
̣̣̣ҶͻȻХһǷתһ˿˿Ϣȫӿ֮УһɲҶֻоӯͬһδһׯһƬ



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ϹӣöƬ͸ˣҶ㵯ָһӣһϹУֻһöͬӤȭͷСƬƽУϹһ˷ܼ
öƬƹأױĲƬʥصʥڣ㹩һƬƽ֮⣬ûܹƬƬ
ڣҶ㾹ȻְһöƬӸ˵͸ϹܳһöƬӵ޾ܣ˵л̤֮Ϊ
Ҷ֣ƬϹЩţƬ󣬾δܹҶ㣬ھȻֶԼоҸ١
͸ˣھͻĴΪҵһ֣˵ţҶĴ֮У

ĲҽȻҶʹ뿪հĴȫ룬ڣһȦȦâΪҶһ֣δԽԽ
Ҷ֮УȻһĽڣ͸ĴУȻԵӰӣ
ԣذ裬Ȼ˴Ҷʱ˷Ǵ֮ڣޱ޼ʵĺڰһϸ΢Ľâ˸ȴһԵıԴ
ĴУƾޱȣȻ׷ݵϹŷӵ񣬴ϿһĨԴϢõԣ
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һ׳űԴϢҶϣֱĴбҶȫ֮ʱǱԴϢʧ
Ҷ㣡㲻úҳҵҵıԴڶȻȻ֪ȡҵıԴع½ضԳ֣նɱ㣡бԴȫһգȴûһ˼ֻʧȥΪΪһӵвķˣ
ˣأȣ裡Ҷһ¶һĨЦ죬߶֮ϸ΢ıԴȻģ³
꣡
𾪵һĻˣ徹ȻŽѪÿһʹ屬ըֱ󣬡衱ɲǣȻը鿪
ҲģʱӡǾͿ򣬾ұɱҵبŲҵԻΪ壬֮һٶȳ֣ɱ㵽
ŭ𣬵˵һֵɲǣȻϨλǬɵʣ˽ܾʹ䣬ĿϹĿ΢Ҳһ˿ŵ˼
ԴӴͳΪԴҶ㳤Ц˵֮£ںʱ䣬½սضʱҲɳˣһСС°ܽΪǡ
ϲҶ֣ܸܵõʢҼǿǬɵһʣҲ㣡ϹƬ֣ܸܵеϢҪһƬаʮ֮ڣħ֮ɹΪһžͷ
ǬɵһʣҶһһҲһʵţ֬ѩͺףȴûмǸ˵еˣţǱشת֮ˣ̳ĵͳΪɲ⣬أû֪Ժη֪ʲôط֡
ĿùһλֻҵʱΪߣݵĶҲֻ࣬ӰӰ´µĿһ˿˵ģϹЦ˵ˣҶ֣ɵˣҲ̤֮ˡ
Ҷ㵭ͷǬɵһʣһĽĴڣһҪƴˣͼҪɶԷˣδһ˿
ʥħʱҶ֮˹ȥһ̣ϸ֮ŵӡ
ȫǴɫ֮ϻö̵飬֮£˸ܵһĨֲս⣬ƺ̺֮һط
ս⣬ƺԶʧսطս֮طҶʶͻȻһͷԶսս֮طԸ״еһԶս壬ط
Դȡʥħغϵһһĵʹɣڴ֮ǰȻһ貵ĹȦһȥ
ţҿҶȻһָʹӣһ֮ŵͨ
ҶȻ̤룬ֻоһذӵͨ۷֮ǣΪȫˢȥֻһͨķˣ޷ԪҪ˵߶ˣ
ҵΪҶ֣Ϊ𣿡ϹҺ壬ȥΪʧ޾Ԫ
ϹƬһԼԪסÿֲʴƬڣҲҵԪ˲䱻ɣ
ʴԪǹ֮طҶͻȻһͷԪҲȻȻţȴվԪŵٶȣͬһϸĲ
ÿʧʮԪͻ΢һ£漴ʧһԪ֮ʱֻϸ΢˳УһһսڶʮսкȻʩչ˰ٱս
ףⲻǱԴĳ˵磡Ҷһʶ棬Ȼ֮ź棬ȻıԴУĳǿߵ磬Լ֮УʴԪȻչֵĳսһսط
˭磡ʥصʥǵһʦ磬ܹ϶˵ؾһ磬ĳԴڣ߲رڣѵСʱƭˣѾõ񣬸֤Сʵļ䣬֮ţ֮ھ֮ڲΪθоǲر֮أĳ˵磡
Ϲɵ֣Ҳ򣬵Ϊħһ죬Ҫͻһ磬Ҫ̫ĻԵˣΪѰǻԵͻơ
ﴦ͸ŹϢҪСĵ㣬ǰߣأҶȻѣ֮ĻĶԲĹ壬һˣݵøߣǰ濴
˼ӿԼĽŲ˹ȥҶһߣһϵǣδ·ϣǷǾȥ˷
ףǰˣϹȻһȻʱǵǰȻһӰӰΪϣͷ̷һϢ
ֻϣȴûмĶ־ΨгޱߵĿݼţ·ʶʣµֻвɣǳ;ƿݣȴΪ
СӣΪǲһĲǰЩ䴳ŮӵǿЩֻ̫ˣҲͽ͡ͻȻڣ˲ɣ֮⣬ȴͻȻСӣϾȻϢȻûԣʥħˣһ˿ִû뵽ֵڣˣǷ飬ĻָǰҲգҲա
˵ĻҶϹͷԣͽ֮ͣڲ׷ӡʲôΪλϢ˾ʮֿµ߸еֲ
ȻǸʥħһ˿ִӦҶĺ̨˿ӡǣλ߳
ǰǳէð֮ǰ£Ҷ㹧ĹֵǬ˵֮ʱ뵽ӡǣλ߳顣
߰ڰ֣ȻҵҲǵˣ֪֮ŵ͸óȻǰߣΪǸСѾͷܹ֮ЦʵǣʥħҲ̤˵أ
ĻʮּµҶˣҶĿʱ뵽ΪֲĴڣɫ΢΢ɫ
֮ţֻΪ֮ر֮أʵϣ˵֮磡һӡԼ壬ԼӡһλħƵзȫӡڴ˵أȴܱκ˴ߣһߣӡɶλħʱпܳҾԲģѾڴ˵ʮ꣬ΪľǷӡλħǷʥħһ飬ȻӡˣԻ򿪷֮ţǳǸ飡
߻죬ȴҶеϲ֮ĳ˵磬Ȼˣᵽ֮Ҷ̲סʵѵڣ
ʮṳ̂Ǹ磬Ϊ˴˵еĴڣڵѾʼ׷ʣǷǷд˵е磿
Ȼھ֮ʵ̫ңԶ˺󣬵Ǽпһδصִ֮ˣʥħʢ֮ʱˣˣָȻΪָһ·Ҳܳ㣬һжҪԼ
ϹеƬһߵĿһ⼤䣬ȵƬôӵƬ
һµֱϹ壬ϹӱϷŪһʮֲ죬߾ȻԵ޹ʵ֣ʱдŭ
üһΡ빬ȻܾԪǹһĴڣһɿµſ㲻λߵĶ֣Ҫƿ֮ţνķӡȫû⣡
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Ȼ䣬ߵĴֺݺݵĶһըϮµƾȻߵĴ𿪣ȻˣһھѪ˼أ
Ȼٶץֱ֣ϹеƬ
ס֣Ҷ㱩ŭһ߲һԣֱץƬΪŭ֮ͨ·֮ʥħ񣬻ǹǣȫ˳ݻǧ磬Ȼסֻ֣
ƣ
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ۣ
ҶȻһھѪڵľԪȻضˣԭ貵磬ð޹⣬һɼ׵Ѻ۸֣Źԣ޷ֲ
̫ˣһƣͰҵпҺըƣĻڵңҲͲٴˣҶ£¶⣬ɻ֮ѵƬڴˣ۸ˣ
ֻϧǻ̫ˣȻӵĶߵҪΪ̰ͼöƬӦ֪ҵʵΪ̤֮ȻϴܣҪôһСƬֻҪҵĵ·Ϳֱ̤ߵľ磡
˶٣һĨ⣬˵ǣ֪ƬĿ𣿴Ƭ̤֮ţڻɶӡħǰ
ʲôħǰƬǰҶ㾪ϿѾ̤֮ĲҪôһСƬΪƬϣûԴ
ǵ̤룬ıħˣǰʮֳһöƬħʹ֮ڣҷ֮ڣħҲ³߳ȫΣҲɣ˭Ҳ޷ģʵǿҾһݴԵɣҲܹħ֮ѣȴ֮ǣҲǳһˡ
Ȼ̧֣һƴҶһ֮ͨУȻʯͨûκλ棬ȴǿҵս⣬ƺϵһʥ



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ΪսѪǽֳһĻҲ˵ģ͸ҶĴԵǽڡ
ǽڣһλսܣͷըԼ壬һ鲦ɢųϢֱ£Ͷͬھ
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еϽ봢֮ѹס˷ܵ飬ϥڵϣǽϵһ澹ȻƯҶͷϲͣƣϢʶҶԽԽ̡
ʱһţҶڵϣһȴԾβֱ˰£΢΢ȴ޾˼֮С
СѾͷѵûĴȻĹƣҪߵľ磬ڵĹͷʼһдͷҲһ˿̤֮ϣҡͷε
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߶˶٣˵Ǿ޴ѺֲۣѺۣһҲִֻܵͷ֮˰ɣ
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ǿߣܱ컷ɱ߶ȻȼԪ˫֮䣬һԲһ֮࣬Ȼ˳ֱҶͷ­ҪɱҶ㣡

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ÿֲǧҪ̫ˣĽĵ޲

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޼Ҫת񷣬ת귢һХ˫֮䣬Ȼһ⣬âɲǣȻת֮⣬һֱҶͷ­

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ŹңΣҲȻҶУһͨңֻҪǵңҸ⽫𣡺ߣο˴ңڵ³Ǿȡ



 
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Ҷ˷ĽƣλӱãΪҶ㵲˲ѹʹ÷ĽƱϲ֮ȺûᣬҶԷĻҶ㣬Ȼֵ˳ˮ顣
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ҶʦܣҸЩҪΪҲãɽһϣǲãɽӵšһһ֮ףΪһʻԻͣĵȻЦУҪ˵ͣΪҶ㲻Ҫ٣Ϊҫ
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ľҵ죬һľ˵ҲлٶȽһ̤ħһ죡Ҷ˷ܵľһħ֮ҪҪУľеľԣҪõлߵľ硣
һľҪõľôһڤҵǸ˵һλǿһͬڤֻϧλǿĲ󣬲ڤ֮УȴǼһһˣһľҶ֪ϢҲĴҪԼ͵ܵܵδѰһ·
ܵܣһʵͨڤһԿףΪ֮ͨ飬ֻӵ֮ͨˣ̤ڤ룡
Ҷʱһ֮ͨ飡ȻͨڤԿף
֮ͨ飬ǹԪҲǴ򿪹Ԫ󱦱֮һܹõһö֮ͨ飬򿪹Ԫһ;
ôˣʲô𣿡Ҷ̧ͷĵ
ûֻ뵽Щ飬ûʲô
ܵܣ֪̤ħ֮Ҫϸߵľ磬⿿̤߾磬ΨеϣȥһˣҲڴ϶һֱı¡Ҷ˵гŨŨĹ֮顣
Ҷһůľ˵ش󣬽ڴʱ˵ϣף䣬߳һܹڴ½ȵ
ţ㣬ڼףұһ⣬ȡڴ֮ǰϻҶͷӦ漴
ˣܵܣ˼ˣؼһˣѸ׵ķڣƵ˵أһ˾ܹžˡҶɫ΢࣬¶˼֮⡣
Ҷ΢΢ͷӦûлصǼˣ治Ѹ׵ķڣڣҲڴ˼죬ҶԼ̤ͷ֮֮󣬱Ϊһ
мҪ㣬˵ǸĶҶһһէģҶüͷ΢΢׸ʲôΪβͨͼ֮ʱһǸС˾ĸף治֪«ʲôҩ
ʱҶȡһңݸҶ㣬Ǹ׸ģҲ֪ʲôԼȥ𿪿ɡ
԰գҶ羹ȻתȥΪڴ½ϵȼ𱰷ֵʮŮӵĵλȴв磬ײˣһ֮Ҷ㣬ҶϻҶ磬ȻҶ󣬵ܼˣҶ㡣
Ҷ򿪽ңȻһ򿪵˲䣬һ´ܳһӰǾΥĸף
ҵʱѾˣΪ϶̤ħ֮ĸ׻ҽ㡣ӰȻһεӰҪ࣬۽Ѿּܵơ
ˣ˵ħ֮УȻ֪мǣһҪ̫У֮·һ㣬ͨߵľ磬ԷҪ򣬵ҪǣҪʣ
Ҷ͵һͣ⣬Ҳ뵽˺ܶ࣬ͨʣαʣˮ˫ƣʱϿƺûʲôǶߵȴҪ˼¡
ʣ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣ治֪ж֮ӣһ̣ͣˣ˵˵޷ģʵȻܹҵӦ鵤ҩȻлģֻҪѰ٣лᡣ
ʣͱһ˳ɳĹһüʵĻή֮ʱ޷գִ֮£Ψдһ;͵ǧŬһˡ
Է·ϣǧҪ⣬ܹΪ򣬾ͺԼʣħ֮ʱ磬൱ʮһ꣬ʱ򣬼ΪҪ
ȻҲǱƲźãûƣֻһͨˣҲҲһҲ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷ׵Ļ뵽Լˮ˫ƣûƣҲ벽ͷ֮ܵ谭ڣƾˮ˫ƣͷ֮ǾϼˣҪԼ취
Ӱ˶٣˵֪Ҳкܶɻ󣬵һҶȻֻ֪ҪĵȥᶨƵĶҪ·ţҲẦҵĶӡ
Ҳһ·˳˳ˮߵ죬Դ̬˶ΪϲԣƿزĸоǷԿҪǵõߣҪ˽ٳ֣ǧҪԴԣΪ޵УʵȴԼ̫ΪδΣգ߲ȡģ
ҶȻѣʱʶԼȻӮ˺ܶǿߣȵ𣬵ȴԼδ˺ܶǿУΣǣ޼ɣľôѸ٣ԶΪԵ˵رĺô
ˣܸҲֻЩˣҾˣɽ˿֯ɵģҲԣħС׵ӰԽԽģֱ󣬱ͷһʧӰˡ
Ҷ׽˺ܾã˼ĵͷսңתĸ׺ͽҳ
ҹĸ׺ͽ˯֮ҶȻ߳˷䣬Ҷ˵ǸõľĲãɽӣҪõϢɢʶ͸ƷڲʼѰǸӵټ
ףԭҶĿһȻֵõľˣȻƷ巽ҷĽƵһ£Сǣ
ͷһ͵ش˳ȥͬʱȻſ߽ϣһǸӷСǣǷСǸӦͱӽסϣ

ǸСǸոշһ漴ļ䱻򿪣ҶʧǣľȻˣ̤ħ֮Ҷһľ磬ֻľҲӵкҶԿ
ڤȻֻɭһɿµϢףﲻľʮ꣬ݵĹľǸõطܹ̤Упҳħһľ磡
ڹۿСǼ֮ʱҶ㷢˺ܶڤһĻ
Ǭ޵ϷһΪڤ֮أȻһطȴΪʲôڤĸо˼ã˳ٶȸ졣
һйףΪڤӡһڤȻΪ˷ӡķȣԲŻ˸оڴ˵ٶر졣
ڤ
Ҷ̧ͷȻڤһ޴ǧĲŴʮʷ˵ľĸϵֻڤͷӡڴ֮ڣҪȡһ֦þڤͬ⡣
ˣ
ͨͼʮƬ֮ͨƬҶ㱾ܵĴʶ֮̽ͨλãȻһĻˣһ֣ը鿪
˵ؾȻֶᱻնϣ治֪ڤзӡźǿߣֻľڱصáҶᶨǰ˼
һɿµƺɨȻҪ˾֮⣬˽ӽҶǰ˼ȻͣȻһĹ֮£Ȼһڵ㣡
Ͻ𵤣Ͻ𵤵Ϣ
Ҷһ͵ǰ̤һᴥǸڵ㣬һ;ȵķ֣ڵƺƶȥˣ
ڵ㡭ǸСǵļ˵ˣǸڵǸõĻֱڤܰһ֮أεǸûᣬҲ뱦֮أ
һžԪ͵һģСڵץס漴һƬڹⱩҶӰʧڲݵ֮ϡ
ˣ
â֮£Ҷ㷢ԼĳȻ仯ҩʱҶ㾪Ϊǰһ¯
һܣҲ֪ȼ˶꣬¯ڵĵҩȻҶ̤ʱȴŵһ˱ǵǷҩ΢΢һ֮࣬Ȼоˬħһľ磬Ȼɶ
ҵ죬⵽ʲôҩȻܸĸоаշ˼Ҷ۾۾һУʱ伮йء
ԶϾһöҩķ˾Űپʮҩֲʮ꣬ûƳɹǵҩ¯ȼ֮࣬վȻһöӡ
Ͼ¼ѵ¯ľ֮أõصڻľҩöûгɹȻ֪
һ̣Ҷ㿴һĻɲǣʱ뵽ʣ˵ڤľ֮أȼյһһ֮ȼգʹһʮɲϨҶ㿪ʼȷⶦ¯֮Ƶ񵤣Ǵ˵еϾ쵤
˵һö쵤ܹ̥ǣʣҪ֪ߵʶģûκθĵĿܣͬʥ̥ͨһģܸı䡣
ǣöϾ쵤ͲһˣȻҶˮ˫ƣͨ۷֮·ϣҲ̫Ĳ㣬ܸܵڵȻǱƺͷ벽ܣľͷҪϳϼѡ
Ҷ㱾ҲЩżԼǱܣܹǸˣȴ֪ǿԼǱܡ
˵¯ڵ񵤣Ҷ˼ܹʳһöϾ쵤ܸʣǱҪ˵ͷ֮Ǵ֮룬Ŀٳһ·
ҩ˱ǣͬܽط棬Ͼ쵤ҪƳɹˣҶ۾һգգĶ¯֮쵤¯һڱ
ܹ˿һȻǴ˵еȴҲͨĻǿϰٱ
ҶͷͻȻһ֮еĻԣǾߣǰܹһ֮л֮壬ʱҵľħһİվʹˡ
ҶһϲнһžԪǰȥҪ¯еҪʱƳɹǷȣڴ˵һӡʱ죬ǰժӡ
ף¶ȱ֮ͣѵҪ¯ǰףҶ㾪һƾȻ̽¯ܻ֮УȻ֣УȻȫûκ飡

ʱͻȻһŭҶһ岻һ漴Ťͷ֮࣬Ȼ¯µһȻˣ



һʮһ 
¯֮Ȼ۵һȻһʨͷһӴ˹һţһڳȵһ֮
ãһ֮ļƷ棬һϢϨ𣬶һմȾߵϣ߻ճɻңûһأ
Ի𹥻һ֮Ļޱȿ£ҲδĶ֡ħǳ棬еػӿֱһ֮
ͣ
𽻻ţȵϢֱƬأȻҶ˳ȥȻʱʨͷͻȻ۵һϨϾ쵤Ķ¯ȼգ·һжһ
Ҷ˺ɲǣȻԼ½ͼʱȻǻȼգ˲
ˣһֲ̫֮ˣըҶ㶸Ȼһȣϵ·Ȼըһ֮һ׵Զ

գ۵Ĺ·ճ˻ҽһĻҶҵͷҺԼķӦ죬ĻȻһճɻҽڴˡ
Ͼ쵤ⵤҩǸ˵ܹıʵ鵤ҩҲ쵤ȻɣͲһ裬¯ֻһ֮ʲô취ƳóϾ쵤ȻɣȴҪ취һ֮
Ҷһ˵֮һ֮ǻ֮ʥڴħ֮ҪУܹгħ֮һ֮ÿΪã
¯еһ֮ȼգҶλεģйâ˸ͻȻһָʮƬ֮ͨƬȻ˳ȥһɳĹâ𣬿µϢƺҪڤ
֮ͨ·Ҳ˳еİͨͼת֮֮ͨͨͨͼǹԪرԶ֮ͨҶ㵱ȻɵΪͨͼ֮ͨͿȡ֮ͨá
رһ֮£ǻʨһӴ˳ǽ˲䣬Ȼըֻʣӡ
ˣ
һ֮ȼգֻӿʨӣϻӻǣǧҰһӳ˳ĽҪҶɶ¡
һâ͵˳Ӷ޵ըʱҶһһ⣬ҪһİС
𣡸գգգǵ⣬ֱӳȥǻԼУҪͨһ֮С
ɨһȦ֮¯еĻ澹Ȼһ飬ҳ֮лȼգҶĿᵽһ㣬¶һĨЦݣҲƣһ˿˿ӿ磬ܸܵǶԻ
͵ؼ䣬ĳһֻ֣Ҫѿ¯ȡ
¯
Ҷıȣһ¯ĸӶȻըһɿµƷ񱬷һĻҶѾƵǰ֮չϢʹƬɢܵϢƺʷӴ򿪣Ҫĳٻ
ʵϣ֮չֳƣЩûйȴʮҶ߶˲䣬ƾȻͬһ㣬һӴ˳ȥѶǴ򿪣Ϣ׽סȻҶһ̴˹ȥ
Ͼ쵤ˣЦڣֻҶгһöӨӨĵҩҩе˲䣬Ҷڸ˷ܵĹâ
Ͼ쵤ȻѾƳɹֻҪҶʳܹıʣǱܣչõĻˡ
̫ˣǵõһ֮˸ܹıʵϾ쵤첻ˣٵõľҵΪؽܹһ¥ʱҲܹڴһսң
Ҷ˷ܣҪϥö쵤֮ʱȴȻһɾ޿ɿܣҶֵֵҲԵסΰ
ˣ
벻鷢ˣҶ徹Ȼ˲ƳȥϾ쵤ɽתƶȻ߳һƬأص̤ڤԭ㣬ſڵĵص㣡
ôˡ⣬Ǵұͳˣһûеõľô߳ҶüͷŤͷȥɫЩźʧ֮Ρ
֮ԺֶܶΣȻԼʱûа취ٶ̤룬ѰľҪ֪֪㣬Ȼõ˱̰֮飬Ȼ޿ɱ谭ʱпڴˣǾ͵òʧˡ
Ҷ㿴һۣûڴ˶תȥ
ãɽɽš
ԴӵҶ뱦¥Ѫ֮뱦¥ȻŴ󼪣ƹļ˶ʧӰ٣֪ǺҶãɽѰ𱨸ǿߴԲãɽɽŵĺ뱦¥͹űղӪҵ
Ȼ뱦¥֮һзˮڵ߶ҪȥǼˣҶеڽͥŲãɽȥ
ǣߵ;֮ʱͻȻһϤٻӰ漴˹ȥҲż̤˴С
ϵϽֻʮһöǽУδʲôĶҲûʲôܹı̤УҪΪǵٻӰ
Ҫȥʲôû̽Ϣ
С㣬ܹǰ֣һ۵Ц˵Цݴżаһ֣ȻһԱ
λС㣬Ҷ㿴ϤٻӰղδŰ£ǴһϮɫȹһʥ࣬ȴһ˿ɰƤڼһؼĴҲǬɵʮʣǬɵھŻʵ֬ѩشС㡣
ҶС˵ЩԨԴ˺Σ˵ҶؼŴڣ˵ǲĳҲΪǶС֬ѩҶȴһ˿͵˼ֻ֪δҶ㣬оЩˬǵĿƺǴ˵еǬɵһʣĲˡ
ںΪλǾͲö֪ˣ˵ΪҶʹʱձ仯ʹһЩ˵δ˴۸ģҲ˵
ֻڿ֬ѩһǿһҶЩɻȻʱˣ֬ѩŮӣΪλ̤У֬ѩǰĸԣλΪħ֮ӣͱ߳ȥˡ
ڵ֬ѩȻ̤ħ죬ɹУʹͥδϣ˵Ѿõ̤ͷ֮볡ȯԣƾĸӣλһ𣬲ɻ
Ҷ߽ʱλƺô򵥣˵ֵϢˮˮҲ˵˵ĸоǴ󺣣
ѵϹĳλתͶ̥֮Ȼˮ͸ҶЩȣ󺣵ĸоԲγɣȻе֬ѩҲ˸ָܵо˵ܹд󺣵ĸоˣ˶ˮѾ˵Ƿ켫ĵز˵ˮˮ
ʱȻУҶһЩʲôֻ뿴ҹӶˮкԵĻǲնɱɵˮԣ
үˮǷ켫֮ǰͨһΪһУõ˺֮ľˣΪҡϣ̶һĹ򣬾ͳħ֮ˮ򣬿һһˣСŮӣҲġ֬ѩЦ˵ЦǣȻЦúǳȴүôˡ
ȻǺתݿΪħһ죬ǲһĹҾܹɹͷ֮ӹЦ˿ȴûЦóΪתʵ񣬶һõ˺֮ľˣһһ󾳽磬Ҳ޲ɡ
˵ĶԻҶһ֪ԼϲĿоâ˸λүӸȤˣһ飬Ծһ뼫ߵľ磬һüıڣлλүͰˮ֮壬ħ·ϣߵĸԶ
ףһˮԹ;Ϊ֬ѩ˸ˮЩȤǳЦ
ˮô˵ʵ̫ͼˣһöˮ飬һǿһˮǿϰٱֹСϲҵǿʹ͸С㣡˵ţүĸһöӣˮƣģĴһ
֬ѩ˲䣬ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ޹»Ҫõöˮ飬ȻҪ൱Ĵۣ֬ѩϲģֻЦҡҡͷԾܾ
۵һĨ΢ɲɫȻ֬ѩ˾Щ⡣
ʱ̨ĻһررӲӣɴɣΰһһƽ񴬣Դռ䣡
սҶһĨ֮ɫʦг׼֮ʱˣʮϽ𵤣׼۾൱ҶڵȫңɥĿһۣ̾Ϣһ˿̣֪ǮҪҾ˼ˣһ¾Ҫ£ƲӶȥ
ʮڣӵһмۣ˽֮ȻֻħһΪϿԺɨ֮һߣħǿߣҲа취Կбǰμڴ䣬ҪһԲŻ˲
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
ʮڣ

λӷ񾺼ۣҶһĨɫС˷񣬶һתȤˣ˵ֻҪҶһᶸȻǵġ
˼֮ʱԺ֮жȻһŮһ˿ŭȴҶЩͷԣ˵֮Ҷ¶˼ӡ
Ҷ֣㿴취ôֻ棬Ǯҳͷ«ƣ㵱꣬Σ֬ѩҶ㴫˵󣬾Ȼһ˿˼
Ҷȴ֪֬ѩˮ«ƣΪͨ죬Ĳǿ̿Ҳս飬⣬ǱǾͷ֮Ե˳벽ͷ֮ʱЩȻһζŬҲܳǸ磬ǣ½Ϸû㹻ʵôܱԼͼˣҶΪ˴㡣
һڣ
ҶͻȻڣۣ˶һԲĿ䣬ֻһ꣬ǴһĨЦݣ˵ɱħû˻ţ˿֮ʱĿȫһ
Ѿϳڽ䣬ǴЦݵļһǸ½ͷɱħҶ㣬Եм֮󣬲˶˼£˾ۣܶ˶ǡ
һһʮڣ
вģȻ֬ѩߵүˣԸΪҶһȻûκκ£ߵĿ⿴ǸҶ㣬ڳһɶʻҪҶһ̸¡
һٶʮڣ
һʮڣ
һʮڣ

˵Ľм۾ʹչƺ˭رڱصãòһʹΪ˶̨۸ͣʦҲ亹乣Ȼ֪λǣ̨϶һرһٳֶԿǽͲһܹܵ˵ˡ
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ҶٶȼӼۣȫһ̣ѻȸ׹أһ
һʮڣ
үɫԽԽѿ޺޵ĶҶ㣬Ƿ絭ӣү޵òеıӶȥ
ʮڣ
ҶٶȾۣӷ絭ᣬƺʮڵľ޿һ㶼ںӣ·ֻëëŶƵĿһү¶޵ļɫȻһĻ֬ѩȴһߡ
ҿ㵱ȻںˣǮҵġ



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ү˫ĿҪΪҵǿߣһֱܸ߾û˸Һ˵۸Һ̧ܣҪڶʳ
֬ѩĿУҶȻ֪λүǧɽ½һλǿߣ˵ǵõ˺ľˣϴУһԾΪǿߣ˵ܹ棬ɼĿ¡
ʮڵһΣʦ΢΢Ȼλˡ
ʮڵڶΣ
ǧɽ¶׹⣬Ҷ㣬
ǧɽΪǵأ޼ɵӢۣ޼ɣߣǾʹشˣҶȻߣ¶һĨмЦݣɱ㣬ֻҪһָͷ㹻ˣ
˵Ŀ⿴ǧɽǷ񻹳ۣǧɽҪӣҪӣҪӣҪô۱ҶߣĻ͵ôҶ㣬Ψְ취ǧɽ֡
ǣӣǧɽŨŨŭȴûٳ۵˼
ʱʦһ˷ܵĴ𣺡ʮڣɽʮڵľ޿Ǵ˵Ҳһʿµľ޿һһƽս˵ʮڵľ޿㹻
ʲôȻʮرˣүûмۣҲûз˵Ļ˽Ǹߵò֮ʱȻֹ֨һ
Ǹ˿Ҷ㣬ٸҺ˵˵һССүҵһ֣δҶĶ֣οүǧɽȻ绽꣬Ҳ飬½Ҷȣʵڲһġ
ǧɽ˽ģͻȻĿҶ㣬ߣҵҪûôĵҩûеĻ
Ҷⷢ䣬ⱦģΪ֬ѩģҩȻҲǧɽı飬ҶֻһЦλ˵ǧɽȻһӶĶˡ
С㣬˼ˣ«Ҳø˰ɡҶ֬ѩƣȥŻӶǧɽˮԣħһıϣʱڴҲ˼ʤ㡣
㣡㻹Ҫơңҡ֬ѩͷߣ챻ˣϽ𵤾»ƽսģһǲǮǮֶƺõǮ
Ҳ̫޳˰ɣڻ˸߼ҪҪɵ
ȻΪ˻ƽս㹻ˣΪһô㷽˵ı꣬ȻҪˣٵʱɺܱ󣬿Щɣ
㣬㣬ҶҵǮǮҪҵı꣡ҹȥҵƾӵ㣡֬ѩˣȴҶͷԡ
ҶȴɭȻСҪˣ
ϵ֬ѩ޲̸Ҷһţ߳ȥȻԼΪ̤ħ죬УҲҪһƽսᣬǧɽȻΪ֬ѩɲ˷ʲôϵܾпܻʧͣһ˼£һݲ
ðɣҶ㣬໨һٶڵϽ𵤣ȻЩ⣬ҵǮǧɽõҵǮӻߣǿѶķϣҲˣıûˣ֬ѩĻҶûǲޡ
С㣬«־ڱصãȻ˵ҵҲԲһ£ҪҡҶĿһҪӶǧɽǿ԰֬ѩҲˮһһ˼ΪԸУ
ʵϣһħһǧɽҶֻǧɽϸܵϢ·һ˫꣡
˵ϹĳλܵĴУת֮壬ҶܵǴУתڻһ꣬Ǵ󺣰ĸоҪǸ꣬Ҳ˵Ǹ꼫пһܵĲл꣬ǵõ˵Ĵܣ
ԲŴ֬ѩһǧɽӶᣬɣҶϸߵľ硣
Ҫıʲô飿֬ѩ΢΢һʵ

Ҷ㣬ΪԶˣҡ̤֮ʱǧɽͻȻվҶǰ
ҶĿһ͵̤һռ͵ѹȥһֻӰƿնǧɽĻѹȥɤۣҲ˵
ôǧɽȻ󾪣岻ȴһƺû뵽һոͻħ֮ļһȻܣ
ǧɽ΢΢һ͵سſһսͼʱɢս⣬ۻΡֲϢͼ¡һҶ߳ĽӰ鿪
ҵģȥԼҵģսͼǿٵصսͼռޱߵĻ֮һһħ֮ļһΣΨ·һ
ŭͼȴѹˣֱ˹ǧɽȻսͼ֮ϡ
Ҷ¶һĨмЦݣ˫һһŲĴ֣ɱȻ˹ȥɱֱĥ̻Ҫִ̲һɱ̺Уʮֲֿ߷ɲǣɱ־ֱڸס˰죬˲䣬սͼ˲Ȼͣסգ
̣̣̣
ҶͻȻһЦսͼ̲صĻ֮ĻٶؽҪı˵ٶɾ֮·ǻٶĿǰĻȶôĻ֮Ȼܹɾȶľ硣
ãǧɽ΢΢һ٣ɱ죬ƺɱ֮һִ˹ܰԴɷ飬漴ʧɫ˺ȥץսͼͱ˿ȥ
ҪڵķӡҲͬһ̣ڵǸŭҲ޷򿪣ƺǺˣֻĿеսͼĻ֮
һһĹâٶ֮УҶ˷ܵòˣЩ֮ٶУڣҶԻʮ͸
ߣˣҶ͵طһȣֱ̧һƣƾɽһӺȥʱѹ飬ʹǧɽ޷ȴȥ
ߣߣûסңǧɽ͵سһö漴˳ȥɲ֮䣬ƬرһƬƣôеҶû취׷ȥ
ȻҶվ֮Уȴ¶һĨЦݣ૵˼ˣ˼ǮأǸš
ܵܣ˵а취ҳϰ벽ͷľ磿Ҷ缱ʵмּڴҪУҲϣܹΪܾܵһ
ҶЦȡ««ҶȻ㹻ʸı֮󣬾лֱӳħ֮ɾΰҵ
£Ҷڤ˵˳ּ˵ƵԴҶ¶˷֮ɫȡƵľһйһҶ˵вЩޣ˿ƣܹƵĴȣǺ˷ܵġ
²˳٣ǸҪʳϾ쵤ҪƣͰҵȫ㣡ҶһȻҶУħ֮ĶͬĻһչֳҶһţ
֮ڣʼϾ쵤ıʣͼͻƵߵľ硣
յʱҴҹȥãɽڴҲҪٿĴ̨ϣ̨ǲãɽΨгϣܵϵĹ̨
ڣ̨ͷܶհźõĴãֱֻ˿̣ҲûãɽƽҲĲãɽڴ䣬μˣ
ֻȴ£ΪһţǴҪΪεڻãɽֻȴû͸©˵ټ
ҶҶһͨ壬ڴľٰ֮أȻǲãɽ׷壬һ·ϣǿߣң۹棬ֻЩֻҶһۣûһ¡
ܵܣҿǼ㲻⣬֣һҪСģǧҪǿɳֻ֮ôоһ˿ͬѰҶ΢΢üдһĨεǳ
㣬ôˣ
ôвƺҪд·ˣͷȣΪܣܵܣһҪӦңǧҪܣҪ׳֣ôодҶԽ˵Խľֱ󣬸ϴȣǧҪ֣򲻵ѣͲ֣ܳ
Ҷһδ˱飬ʱݻǣʼݣ治֪ڴᷢʲô飬ýˡ
߶δֱܵƲ⣬ڽӣȻδҶδ˶ⶵˣԲġ
һ壬ڱԼļˣΨĸ׺ͽˣҪˣǳһ˿©Լǵػ񣬸ҪСĽ֡
֮УҲֱͣ󣬾ȻʮģݵһУȫ鿪Ҷľ
ô׻ᷢʲôѵңҵȫңܣеĻҵǱȻݳڣһƬģѵǱϾͷɱΣ΢΢Ͼͷ֣Ϊβֱӻɱң
Ҷȣȴ˼⣬ʱѾ̤ͨ壬ӦλãʱĿⶸȻһ
һۣü˹ӷΣϴżаȻ̧֮䣬ȴֺֻĸо·ǲ񷣬ܹ
Ȼˣȥ㣬㵹ˣǺãҾһսУ˽ǵԹҶ޵Ĺâ˿̵ԹѾεĵزǱô̹ǣʹ
ҪɱǰǣǾԼаգԲԼಫΪиҪǾػԼļˣΨˣԣ
ףǸССҶĿһֲȻɽ£һλ˹ֻа˾СȻȴвͬһɮۣһ£ҲûбȣȻȴ飬ÿ꿪ڣһ仰ǰӷ
˵ǵõɮֲȻڳȴ͸Ȼһλеķʮָ߳Ϊɲ⣬ƺһסƺ
Ҷ㿴ҲɲĸоٿӣǴʧɫΪϣȻѪ
н壬Ѫȴ֮ȥԣ壬˶ģƺսһߵͨ
ܵܣСһҪСϣҸܵǿ־壬ޱߵĿ־壬·һܰһ𣡡ҶɫҲѿƺĻУΪֲĶֹҪ˵ȴ֪Ӻ˵Ψһʧı飡
Ҷ㶸ȻһӽУܸܵǸľսҲߣһŲţһСУ
ôܣڿǳħ֮ôẦһͬСУȻйŹ֣Ҳý˰ɡ㣬㵽׿ʲôҶ㾪ʵȻĿɨȥȻܵһɿ̹ǵĺ⴫˹



һʮ Ҷ
ǧɽɱ˸ǰΪڵչ֮У޷սǵȥĻҶͱɱнϵĿ
Ҷ㣬Ľļգھһᣬ̨䣬ҵһնɱ㣡ǧɽƲƲ죬ҵ˹ȥ
һУҶУֻֻ΢΢һЦתˣ˵⼸նɱǿ۹سǣڣؼңҵǿߣҶ֪ÿһ嶼ŵƣҲһǿˣδ֡
־߱۹ĵһ֣Ҳĵ̣ĸ֣ؼʱ̣ǲҵݳɱ˵ģΨе˹ؼʱ̣ͻȻһԳֻãҲǸΪҪֶΡ
嶼سǵһֻܷܷһ˴ԼŮӣڴ½ϴûκȻգسʮʮսϣǰȻʤİա
ڱǸСУΪɱؼңȻԼС㣬֬ѩ⼸ˣǸĵһ֡
㣬ʦôûҲãɽǬʮռ֮ǰķĽһ˭ôһֱ˵𣡡
ÿһãɽڴһǬʮʮڹ̨ϣȴ˵սҲԻսϵΣᵽͻƿճ֣Ѹ£ʮʮĸԴ
ãɽʣܵ²£ǲãɽ˭ڼҶͻȻ£Ц˵
ʣ֪Ҷһ㶣תƲʵĿתֱֻǿģӰ
δ֪ǿ֮ˣǾݳҲҪķҶ㼫ľݳҲȫģֻܵõģĸ
һһŮŮľȻ·е翷壬أʩչ;ʮֶΣһ˿ȻɼΪĿ£ػˣΪߣеͨ壬λߣƽĶӰɣ
Ҷݺһ²⣬ȴҶ޷
ãǲȻܹȻһ˿ˣǹȻһѵõرݳŮǻĹˣ˵ĲƽĶӣãɽǬɵĻʣǧأҶ
ǧص֣ҶȴһȣǰһǧԳƱ־شδӦ˶ִǬ½ǧɣָ㽭ɽȻܺ磬ħλ濹⣬̶ֲȡ
ֻҶȴֱ֪ղ֪ԭǧǲãɽƽĶӣֲܹƿִƴ½ݺᣬǲ֪˭ĴУΪඥ֣ϵĵλ
ǬɵĻ𡭡ĳɾδС˵ˡҶʱղһĹ켣ǻǧعȻǬɵһʣҲûԶˡ
㣬ŮأѵǬɵʣǵڶʣ˭أ
ҶһЦ¶һĨЦݣָָ˹̨ϵһɫӰӣҶ̧ͷʱȻסˣ
һλģҶʧɫδ뵽ǲãɽһߣȻǺһ̽գ·أɺܾãΪ岻ϵʦ㣡
ǬɵڶʣģΪͻħ֮Ϊһλ˰ٵϾͷ֮ҶЦеĵЩĴûȣΪ޻̸ҪùۣʦǰӣҲ㣬ҶͬһǵĴʦ㣬ҶǰΪʦ˵վͬһսϣȻ޼䡣
ټϣҶһϵʹҶĿٳΪһ޼ĺýãҶ磬ȴһС˼ǾΪܵһ¡
ҶһֱҪŮһ£ȻŮʱȴˣأһææ⣬һ˼żټҶԽԽͨŮȻ벻Ҷϵķֱۣĵò
ʱҶµͷȻΪָߣڴ½ϵλǱѰģĶϱӵȣһ֮ο¼Ϊ壬˵󷽣òֻþݣǹʣҶ綼޷ȼ磬ȻҶ϶Ϊϱ˼
ҶĽãƽﾭļҳ˵˵Ҷ㣬ҶӰӣԲ˷ŵһĻ
ǬɵڶʣѵδûиģǻǧԾǬɵڶʣһսģժǬɵڶʵĳƺţҶ˼߶ǣĿͣ˸δ
ǬʮеǰʣŽԺõȨҲ˵ǵλȻȻҲΪʮʣǵΪȻ̤ħķˮ룬쾳ľͷǿߣµ߶ûϷ
ǰֻҪڹ̨ϣսɣҪ֣ҲһҲʮǰִ֮ûУûгսĻᡣ
ܵܣҸ˵¡ҶһЦҶӣҲϴСˣһ˼ǰԴɵˣţ˵ˣѸ׵Ĺľתƹ֮󣬾͸һŻ£
ţʲôҶһ㶣漴㣬˵ʲôأʲô²µģߵΪ˵ڴ½ǰ;вʣҵΪ̫࣬Ҫ˼ϣйæ顣
Ҷư׺ͽ֪ģ˵ȢޣԲӦģûоʵ֮ǰȾծ֪δҲͰˣʲô֪½ûм찲ȵˣϾҪսʱǳȣʱȥЩƮ֮¡
οļλŮǼƷΪƷУǼߵģ֮ϵź˿޻µУпˡ
ܵܲҪߣҺ׸޵Ůӿ֮ϢȣҲ磬ǳΪ֮ѡײŶжϱ˼أֻҪһͺãľͽװɣҶЦţ漴Ҷ׷ʣЦŪҶЦá
ˣǧҪСǸɱ𣬻лǧˣ˲֪ôģֲԤУǼпܻ֣
ңЩԹǸɱ˵ЩȻΪҲδûӦԵİ취ǻǧأϾͬһҴ˴ΪҪᵱҳ֣潻ңҶżֺ˵
Ȼǧزҵ֣֪ƽӣǬɵĻʣΪĿʦŶʵĵλʵϣܾþնɱʦ㣬ֻʦӣŻ漣ŻԻ͵ڣˣڶʵλˣһ·ǧ˿ƵϵҺ翷弸һûκɲֵģ
ţȻ֪ȻҪƣҾ˷۱ӶΪתˣδߵĸ˳Ҷͷ
ⶫ̫ޣܹӵеˣ֮٣Ȼǧأɱ𣬻ͬǧɽӵű˲ӵеˣֻǣܹתˣһٳΪһλǿߡ
ںҶ֮ʣԱѾ룬ڴҲѾǲãɽĸƽƣƬ񷣬ڴ俪
ȣǸΪãɽڴ൱ڲãɽ٣ȻҪܣϺ񣬵ȻãɽҲģ֮ˣҲԸļνʾлҲǴ޸ϲǰҪԭ
ףöӡۻİ׽֮ҶһһöӤȭͷСӣȻĽңһ˿׽֮Ǿ׽ȣʵ̫Զ
֬ѩһҪĵûƽսҪԭ򣬱ҪĻƽڽһ飬̤ϸߵľ磬ǧɽǰѴ󺣺ˮ֮˼£Ż˸е󺣵Ϣ
Ҷ̤ߵľ磬ͱ֮ȫߵľ磬ΨȫԲл֮
ãһö׽飬ûκʵľ磬ȻǼƷеļƷл˴񣡡ƹЦһ˷ܵӣͬʱָһһڣǴƾȻ˴󷽣Ĵ
һĻ˾۲ѣҶǶǰ׽ʮִѡ
Ӷ񣬸ֱĿҶ㿴ҲۻңһԵҶܵܣҪģֻҪڴ˷սչ¶âΪãɽºͣƽѡʾν
ҶĻҶǰһ֪ǰ׽лõ
Ȼʱ֬ѩȻҶ㣬˵Ĵ£ǲӦִˣҿǧɽ֮ǣո˯һҹΪȻֱħһ۷ֲ֮ϲϣңȳɱ
Ҷޱ飬Դ߶ݣǧɽΪǵԭ򣬹˲֮ͻȻһĨЦݣãҪĶһ̨նɱ
Ҷ㣬Ϊħһ۷֮ƺҪħ죬ǧҪСģеĻǽҰɡ֬ѩаǷǳҶ㣬һԭǾǧɽеĶҲҪ
֣ؼҲӦģҪĶһ㣬ңûƽսҵǲ㹲ǼҶ¶һĨЦݣƽս֮еĻƽҲϣģ׽֮ͻƽ֮ᵽһʱҲľ硣
֬ѩĬƬ̣ͻȻͷãҾͺ㹲ƽսǼҹ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǼΨǧɽУǾڵһ꣬һ˫꣬Ǭ½ҲǷǳĶܹ򣬾⻯ʱ򣬾ͿһҶ㣬߲壡
Ϊ˫
ʱȻʼãɽƣ۹̫ϳ춥죬˹λ̫ϳϣֱسԨϣڴɽ֮ؼҵĴ̫ϳ˫ƣҴ̫ϳƽĴ̨֮ϣ·
ǵĺ棬Ǭɵڶģڵһʺ͵ûй棬ǲ˵
ʱ˴̨ϣѾչҵǧɽƵĿҶ͵شܳȥ¶һĨĪЦݡ
Ǭ̨Ҷǧɽվһ
Ҷ㣬ȻִҾǧɽɨ֮أȫ˺ˮΪһ壬Ǵ֮ҲܿưˮɱǧɽٿأɼˮԣȻߵľء
ˮԽߣԽ㣬еһжˣҶһ¶ı飬Ц
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һʮ ܣܣܣ
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ЩСûأһµıͣ£³ĺˮ֮壬ͣӳĹȣ
飡飡飡
Ҷ͵̧Ƴһƣһû⣬ȴ̺ս֮壬ս֮طƿֱӰǱը鿪
ƾһֻһֻĴƺݺֱץֻǱ˵ǧɽһֱԴõĻܵõһˮ֮壡
ҵıԴҶ㣬ʵ̫ԴˣҵıԴܹߵģǧɽһ˿Ц͵ذڱͷ֮ϡ
ɲ֮䣬ǱȻʹʮֹĺʹ˼֣ȻʱһӳҶһţµĺ˳
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ÿµıԴȻˮ̣֮Ϲŵˮ˶
ˮͱת־治ħİ벽ͷܹ˵ģǳһţҶǿᣬҲδĶ֣ϾûУ㲻һλİ벽ͷ

ǧɽΪҸûУһλİ벽ͷˮ֮ɱңˣشˣ
ҶͻȻЦȻϤǧɽ̣ǿˮ֮ԿҶ㣬дҶ˵شˣ
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ҶĴֶȻƿջƬ͵ضͻһץǱһϣ˭û뵽ҶĴ֮£޷µĺͣסˣ
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һţǺ֮һӹҶĿУϣһУ֮зΪɫľˮŲΨн֮һݺᣬһĳ˲䣬˶еһϣ
ʲôħһ죡ΪȻħһ죬˽֮һħ֮İҲ˽⣬ǴдǱǱ˿£һ棬ÿֲ
̶գȻħһľ磬Ϊ£
۷׷֮ʱеǧɽɫ͵һ䣬ƿµıȻֽ漴ԴԴϵİ屻룬үҪץˣһץһץҶҶһȺݺѹ漴һţľϵϱھȻݻǧ֮Уʹ񱻰뱾ԴҶ֮У
Ҷ㣬㾹ȻΪǱɣǧɽĿԼıԴץߣڡ
ɣǧɽǿ׼Ϊֻħ֮ҳ֣ΪҲ֪οһ֮ʱڳԣºȻ֮ززһҪ㣡Ҷһӿ͵ըıȫ顣
ʵϣҶ㱾Ҳֻħ֮ΪϾ쵤ؼ֮չ֮УʼŬԼʣͬʱ˽֮壬˵ûȫ裬Ҳ˳ʶټϱչգͣŬķ˴鵤ҩųħһ֮
ȻˣҶ㣬ҽձس㣡ˮ֮ĸɱ֮ˮˮˮ˫֦꣬ͬɱһҪ㣡
ǧɽڵһζŭһ̣Ļ£ƶȻ仯ֺµϢƺǴܽ٣ƣͰҶȵˣ
ÿµƣǴܣϴܰǧɽȻõĳλˮԴܵĴУˮ֮¯࣬дܵĪλܵʬõд
ˮˮ˫ꡭҵ죬ˮ˵ĳǧɽˮ˵ʬõ򣡴ʬѣ߷ƣ
ˣҶΣգˮ˵Ĺħ۷ǿߣĶ֣һ½ħҶ㣡

Ҷ˫鶯ˮ˵֣âһ䣬ʱβȻǱǧɽڵ꣬һλϴܣʱĪ
£ͻȻһȣǧɽޱ飬֮ƿֱӰѴܵѹӳֵҶϣ
Ȼµѹȥ˫ϥ΢΢𣬾ȻҪڵأ־ŭٿǧɽǵӣŭ
ߣΣϾ˵ģҲҵֶΣĽ֣ͷҲδزΪãƴˣҶһ¶֮⡣
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Ҷгһ貵Ĵ֣ɱ
һ֣ǹ֣һ֣ɱһ㣬ɱٿգռ䱻ѹõȥƺҪը鿪һ㣬Ϊֲ
ܵѹһըɢɱ֮£ûκܱɱֻҪֲһٿգΪµ߶˱ܿȥ
ǧɽΪŪ˸ѹҹڵأǿЦ֮ƣƣƣ
Ҷ˫ָڿдһġơ֣һдѹ죬һ̣ڶ˽µ̨һӺ鿪µֱɨأս֮ܵ˲Һй̨ϵƼʱ֣ʹòѡ
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һıȣѪ飬ֻҶ죬ɱִ񷣬һֱǧɽڵ꣬ǲϹϴˮˣ
ǧɽһĻɫ䣬Ҫ˵ȴɱֵ޷ƶֻĿɱҪ顣
Ҫ֪ڵڵ꣬һ˫꣬һپ٣һһʧʵȻӰ죬ǣڵϴܣǱϾֻһֻ꣬˵Ĳл꣬ܶԿħͷһҶ㡣
ô죿ô죿ЩңˣҲ
ǧɽĶڵڵͬˮһ֮࣬һȦȦˣȥ֮ʱȴһӰӡ
ߣǸڴؼ׶Σ㾹Ȼһ٣ĴңҴУĻˣӰҲҵĵǧɽҲ΢΢ֻ˵
Ǹһõ¯ܸ̺ܵܣֻҪָܻ۷ʱһʵ½ңϢɣӰ˷ܵĵ漴һ֣һΰǧɽڣɲ֮䣬ܵѹٶɣ
꣡꣡
ɱ֮һִ߷Ȼը飬ǧɽȻ֣һ̣Ҷɫһ䣬оڵȨѾǧɽǸڵһ˫
ϼһֻˣҺݺݵӶᣡը飬ҶûӰ죬ٶȴ߷ɱ֣һӡȥĴָǳǧɽץ˹ȥ
ĴȫдѾʣֱǰ׽İɫͺˮĺɫڰ׽֮֯䣬һɿµ쫷磬Ȼ
֪ң֪治٣ֻսΪҵϼƷһָԭˣ
ǧɽ΢΢һһģƺûһ㣬ͰҶ߷İ׽ˮƬ
ɱ֮һ䵽Դ֮ʱǧɽ¶һĨЦݣһץҪѹԼУЦû뵽ΪȻҲɹֻ֣Ĺʵ̫ˣҵһָͷǣΪûлָô־͹ˣ
˵֮ʱֻһֻƿץ䣬ٶʤȹ٣ǧɽûзӦĶߴһߣӶᣬеһжΪͽ£
ץ磬бԴԪƬ챦ȫһץݺݵӶǧɽӰռ걦ˮ飬һϵˮرȫҶץߣ
޳ܵСӣȻӶıԴ챦Ҫɱ㣡ǧɽŭڣķٶȻǧڷͬħһ쳤Хŭ죬ӼΪ¡
ڸ·ʶģӶıԴбȫ黹ңٰΪ׼ңĻҲܷ㣬ҵūţһ·Ǿǣ󣬡ǧɽȫԴĸڱҶһץգ챦ҲҶߡ
ڵǧɽ˵ŵȫʢ֮ʱǱԴߣʵѾۿۣбҲʵ׹䵽ħ֮ҶԿѶȿ֪
Ϊϴܣڴսдһֶ꣬ο֪ôûеƣϣҶܹѡһ·
ϼһǵʧķǰճ֣ҶҺ㿹⣬ڱӶ˱Դҹеһж㣬ҿǻ̫ˣϺͿˣɽ塣
˶ЩȻǧɽֻжʮ꣬ô˵ϼһѵǡĴܼˣڵǧɽڴǹ֮󣬱˴ܵļ䣬ɾһϴܣ
ڱ˵Ĳ֮Уǧɽɫѿ֮һϴܣʱܵвһ㱩ףðɣ̳ܲնɱҶ㡣
ƽȮۣһССħϣҲңˣˣҶ㣬ΣĽȻļգЩԼҵģǧɽһŭѪȻҶòᡣ
˫趯һԶż̳г֣һŰپʮָ̳£ŰپʮŸԶż̳Ϊһ壬һɭȻޱۻļ̳
ƺҪٻԼܣϧķԼĵ̣ʷУٻ۷նɱҶ㣡
̧̫ˣҹʲôܣֻһֻ棡һ蹷ɣҶޱ飬˸ŲпĹâ
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֮Ȼ߶ԪȼգھĿԽԽս֮ʱȻݳλǧɽڵ꣬Ϲˮ֮ǿߣˮˣ
Ȼ۷֮ʱˮˣνһһãɽһħСأڳ֮ˣûһȫʢ֮ʱˮ˵Ķ֣ΪϹŵˮˣ۷ǿߣ
ǣڻһҲ˵ڹؼʱ̣סˮ˵Ĳл꣬ǸʱˮˣΪܹδĴлһ
һˣϾͷȻ٣Ҷ㣬ƽڽͬʱһȭ򵥵һȭû̺κΰ壬һȭǵ䵽ˮٻļ̳֮ʱ
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ը촫ֻԶż̳Ȼը飬˭û뵽Ϲʢļ̳ȻһδС飬ˮ˵ٻǱ;ϣ뷴ɣ͵ײڵϣһȻ֮ɫҺ֮
ߣЦ֮ƾҲǰٻԶż̳Ҹ㣬ۺʱ㶼ȻעҪʧֻʧΪ˳ȫң
Ĵһץ£ǧɽ屻ץڿն



һʮ ľˣǬɽ
ߣ꽫Ϊһ֣Ϊһ֣ļ佫ΪҼ䱦еһ鼮һжΪҵģ
Ҷ֮ͷܱˮ˵ȻץҶУһ˫ܣϹŲдļ䣬ҶУӵе֮һȫΪҶһ֡
ǧɽ˵ˣɲ֮䣬еһж룬òʱϻȥֻʣһҺս֮˿һĻӿһ㼦Ƥ
ת翵ȴʼ仯ֱǧɽ˱̽鵽ҶһԼ󿪣˺һԼڡ
Ǵ󲹰ˣͼıˣǰЩӣҾɱˣȵգȴȫ޽ˣˬ찡
һĻΪΣҶɲҰѼ޽˵һĻ֮ڣʱΪʸ֮ģʱؼϹŶնɱΪ޽˵ķ
̫ˣҶֶ̫ˣıһͷܹʱٻΪս˵ѾɨˣǬɵһʳ֣δĶˡ
ҲδأٻͷȻҪķ̫ԪĻƾҶĸԣ²ٻھͳֽնɱˣ˵ţЩ˶ؼңң۹֮ˣ
ǵȻɫȻҰף˵ǧɽǿߣҲܵ˼ˣ֣˵Ӯϣ
ʱҶֻʣһƤɭȻֲǿ߶һʹԭҶˣȫųȥʵϣȻԼ£ۣˣңԹñˡ
Ҷ¶һĨ΢ЦһսȻʧջ񿰳ķᣬ˵һ˫֮ˮ˵꣬ǿǴˮ֮߰壬ֻҪܹһˮ֮壬ʱ֮еˮ˵ͬʹҲķ
ҶʧǣˮϹˮֻ֣ʣһ룬һϹžͱˣһˮҲǣҲǡ
Ϊһ֣һóĲ֣ҪķѴȥֲĻӲʲôһˮ֣;΢΢ˮֵĸպҶˮֵʱҲٷ˲¡
Ŀɨˣ漴̨Žķ˹ȥʱĶߴ֬ѩĴȻҲõһ˫֮
Ҫ֮ʱһɱĿֱӶֻһȣҶ㣬ɸսǬǬɽս㣬ɸӦս
ը죬¡¡֮ƬѣһµӰһ´˳һ֮ɫץһһɨٵϢãɽϣľԿή
ѽÿֲĿ֮Ȼףƿħһ۷ǿߣĸ嶼˿µǿߣѵͨǿ߱˰ײˣֵǮˣ
ǰǬǿҲħ֮ƣ̤ħ֮ľ֮ƿȻҿеĳȻ֦ɣʮϵʷţľǷƣһ˾Űپʮ꣬ķϧʧԴӡһУֲ֮
ʲôǿľȣǷӡıԴ֣ϴĹ֣ôôֲ
ҲδأѾ˲֪ˣǹǷĥҲΪ֪쿴վ̨ˣǹ֣ʱһ֪ˣ

̨ҶǬɽһ
ñֻϧǹҲˣĻٻᱩʮرǱﰡҶ̾Ϣгһ޶񷣬ⶦԿ֡
ǰҶ㲻ֱ֪ͻħ֪֮Щʵħ֮ϵߣֻǳһѣΪԽĹԽ£ҲԽ
ͬҶɱһ˵ЩһħǿߣͷͭûκǴɱ֣ǽܺɨ벽ͷ
ߣòͷˣҶ㣬㵱ɱǬҵһǬ˵ֻҵǣΣǬǿߣɱںԣԵ³ǾǬɽĻᣬƶȻųϢȻϮﾡԿή
ҵ죬ÿֲϢܰľ֮ˣԲһܹõģѵһλǬѩصţʵֲ̫ˣһ綶Ȧ
ħ죡ȻȻͻħһľ磬ɾħ죬ҶľԦʮ죬ˣҶˣսܺһǿ߶ԿͶѣ̫ˣ

ţصΪҲ߹ҾʶʶҵҶһ͵ĳһֻƣƾƣؽԱ䡣
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ɾһɲǣޱ߾ȻǬɽɨڶȵ˲䣬ƾ绨䣬Ȼĵл
ľ֮ľ֮䣬ٵлȻľ֮˹ҶζȻ˿ȥľȵܾԲӲӶµģȴ֮ʱԴ߶ǣǬɽǰ
ͣͣͣ͡
趯ͬһ֮ͣϢ֯Ҷȵˣ׹̨ȻǬɽûκα飬ĹԽԽɱҰͣɱ£Ŀ꣬Ĳݡ
ãû뵽ǬСӰľһ͸䣬ֻأľ壬ȴû뵽ǬСӱЩϼһø̣ƺֻһֻ֮ˣ
ڹ̨ϣ۹Ĵ춥Ц˵д֮⡣
ҼСױõֻص˵ĵͳ˳ɾ֮ͣǰĹ»ֻһһֱ֣ǬȥǬЩʧ˶ɽų֣ǬҴǬдһĨϧĺ⣬Ҷһۣ޹Զ׼
ֻصˣС˶һֻص˭ǿϹľĴߣһΪͨأмܱȣܺͷӣƽƽˣλ͵
ʱҶζ䣬ٶ͵һϢһɣӵһĸӲӵĴ֣ٶ
ˣ
âԿһ𣬽ɫɫ֯һպ¶ԿǿľȿǷ֮һԱ⣬ħǬɽϣҶѹƵģҶֶβͱˡ
ԭˣֻصˣȻĵͳħ֮ƾҵʤֻܺȥ񲻵˴õʱ䣡ҶһǹȻ֣֮ڶ
߶ˮ˵꣬ħ֮ˮ֮壬ϰˮ֮



һʮ ħ죡
ˮˮ˳֮ԲֱԶΪ˳֮УӿȣϢ澳֮У˳ƶΪ˳ƱڲϢ
ˮ˵ˮ֮İҶԺ֮УʹˮԽԽ̣еȰâʼˮԶΪҶ㣬Ҳͬʼһ㣬ֱײȡʤʼ˳⣬ƿľȣǬɽץ˹ȥ
ţ
Ǭɽ΢΢һ㶣ЦҵĿľȥˮ֮⣿Ը£ֱײݽߣΪף
ɲ֮䣬ľɨ֮أȫ֣ĿĹâһƬĻɨ£Ҷк·ԷֱҪȡ
úã
Ҷ㹥󿪣ˮ֮ʶһ̣ǳΪһˮҷԲƯһ
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һˮľһնһĿĻǣ漴˷װը죬Ǭɽһ𣬼Ѫ
ǬɽҪħ֮Ҷ㳤Хһ˾һĻˣľȾգֻҶ㵥һץһܳҶڡ
Ǭɽһϣ¶һĨɫϧһдۣһбԭľ֮еĹ֣ҪɱҶ㡣
ͣ
һƵġɣ񷣬ΡޱȵƣǹֻҪɭȻ£ֱѹҶһɲǣҶ·Ǵڷԡİ磬һƬޣبɭȻ֮УԻҲ˭ڣָһ֣˵ȫò
ҵ죬ԭֱ֣ʣȻǴֱʰ
Ҷ㵽ҪʲôѵҪŷͻƣܰɣԶŵ֣Ҳӳһɵҿľͬһ㵴Ȼڲϼӳɣһǿһ̶ȣܰҶ㳹ĥ𣡡
ǬɽֶϬϧмҵԭ֣ɼҶ֮ǣҶ㵽׻кεֶΣܹתǾһٶǬ

ƴݹ࣬ƻҶ磬µϢѽʳƬҺֲĹ֣ھͷδɢʹ֮һ֣ûнĨɱ
ȴʱҶһĨЦݣ壬ˮ֮һҲڿвͣתͻȻһϣȻǷֶһ
ˣ
һĻˣֵȻȫˮ֮УΪ޲壡
ʲôôܣҵķϹϴܷƣôܱգܣܣǬɽһ漴ʧɫڵϡ
ΣҲţԼѾ£ϧһдۣķ֣ȻΪҶͽ£ڼΪţΪǬɽױȵĴ
ˮҵ죬Ҷ㾹Ȼڶ̶̵ʱ䣬ˮ֮⣬ʵǿ֮˵ǧһˣΪ
ˮܹȻҲ֮һˮ𣬷ֳӯ֣ǿҲΪҶ£ǻ֮㵽ЩϼһԶԶ簡
ʱ̨ϵǿ̾ϢҶ㣬֮ģҶãɽޣΪԼãҲ˵ҶԽ£ǵв
ǬɽеĻΪͽ£ھ͵棬ķ֣ħ֮ǳޱȰ
Ҷ㳤Ц֮࣬𽥳ӯˮֳˮ֮ˮ֮⣬һصķתҶļ⣬˫һץ΢΢ͣͣ漴һ죬ֳһըѵۣ
Ӷˮ˺ǧɽоԪƬһȫȼڲдϾ쵤ҩʼײΪħ죬ṩҪ֧֡
ˣ
ˮ˵ıԴҡǿһλܵıԴ˵ֻһ˿һ˿Ҳϰ㹻Ҷħ֮ˡ
ıԴˮ˼ľӺģ⣬Ҷ˵ҲʥƷһ̣еıԴԪƬƬȫ鿪ΪԴԴĺͬٴɺһ㣬֮С
ħӡҳƣҶ㻢ĿԲɣ£ֺݺһץһֵıԴȫ漴ը鿪ˮ֮ڣΪϸΪˮ֮Ļʯ
Ҷ㣬ҷ֣ǬɽĲݣضʹ䣬ٰǣ壬꣬Ԫϴķ֣Ǭɽɫ䣬ڶݵ˲䣬ʧҲҶҪħ죬ҧгݣ֮á
һŴ̵ľ飬ͷףУ͵һͣһƬ֣һ±סҶ壡
ޱߵĴȻҵٻ֮ϢΪ֮֮ϢΪ֮ҪΪأľУΪߣƲ񷣬Ҫҵĳնȥ֫˫Ŀ˫
ͣͣͣ
ҶĶȴͬĵźֻ֮֮γɣޱߴ̵ԭҰҶʧ
Ŀܣﲻ̨ϣһõ磡ҵƤҵ壬ҵԪ֣ء
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶʧɫԼϻƤңѪҺټ༸ֹͣԪǷȼգ
ǰǳһϹֻأ˵ֻһӰֻһ׵ܶûУǽһӰ磬˿ڴˣѹᣬɱҶã
ľϢȻǬɽĹкξ壬ֻڴˣҲܵҵ·֮һٳħıϣ
һˣҶ˫סĸˮ֮Ϣˮ֮ˮ֮⡭дзתɫϢȻĹâĿƺҪռһƬ
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ȭݺ䣬΢΢һӶȭˮޣݹ࣬޼ɣڲϢһȭһȭֱȭͬɽݺݵ䣬һܼѺۣ
ҿ
â趯֮£ֺ֮һȭ£һָɽƻֺ֮һ̣ˮ֮һȽ֮ͬգҹ֮£Ҳ񷣬䡣
һ̣ŨŨˮ֮ƬҰԭⱻڸǣһȦȦˮʼȥҶ˫ĿȻǰϱȫը顣
ħıҪƿˮ֮򣬸һΣ˵˫Ŀ˲䣬۲̺ŨŨˮԪ
һɲǣƺȻǣ̶գ۵Ĺȭһħıϣ΢΢ײƺϾҪƷ



һʮ ˭
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ȭͷ̲֮һˮһȭȻըֻӰȻ飬Ƭ̲ԭһʧ磬Ȼһ̣Ҳը˿ȥ
˷죬ҶУ˫ֱ󣬱ľıԴȫҶڣΪһֱ֣ǵһֲĵز
ۣ
ĪһɢȥҶħıҲ鿪һ̣ΪԪǱʶڷǡ
ħ죬ˮ֮ħ죡
ħ죿ͻˣȻͻˣűľܣľ֮Լľ磬ɹħ죬ֲ̫˰ɣ
ţǰħ֮Ȼħһ죬̶̼ʱĹٶͻƣ߶ħ죡
̫ˣ̫ˣܵƾϾ쵤ҩħ֮ǱгΪܵǱˣ̫ˣҶ̨£һսеĽѾȫɢȥڿŵܵ緢˷֮
ãɽŰյսܹùˣ֮ˣǧɽǬɽĶְɽ֮ޱ˵ȴһĨ֮ɫ
ħ죬һǬʮʣܹ۵Ҳ֮ˣǰˣҲûĶ֣ףˣҵڵĽɱҲһս֮
ͽɱӵħΪǰȺ۵һλħǿߣ˵λֶһλ
СƾҲɱңЦҶ͵̤ǰһˣƣǬɽú˳ȥ
ոͻħ죬˿ֲǬɽһŲȴеĿľȴһɨһܴ˳ȥ
飡
һصĴ𣬿ֲͬˮһȥֺľ֮ʱȻѿľɨȫ飬漴һֻƿץǬɽȻûӦľȾͱƿץߣ
ˣľȣһǬɽɫ͵̽һ֣ҪѿľץȻʱһֻƶȻ䣡
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ը촫ݹƺֱײʱǬɽ֮У֮꣬һֱ۾ȻΪм
ҵ죬ÿֲܣһƵսȻһλħ۷ǿĳһƣս˿£
ǬѩصĵһˣȻһƣĳ˲зϣҪ˵Ҷ㣬Ѫ飬̧־ȡһƣ飬ʩչˮ֮⣬Ѫעһӿ̹ǵʹζ޷ֹɼҶֶΣ

ľ֣ҶһƳһץľİ嶪֮ڣҶڿҲûͣһԾǬɽǰ
ߣİȫӹܰɣҶֱ̧֮࣬һƣǬɽԴݺ䣬ľİӿ
Ҷ㣬ҾҲġһţĲҺԽԽֱ˶ɶߣֻʣһƤͣҶС
ɽǬҴǬƺһʣǬɽǬҵϣĵӣӲ׷ͺڷ˵үүζܲˣɲ֮䣬͵ڿնƿնҪʹնɱҶ㡣
ߣҪΥ򣿡վһԵ͵̤һһֺֻݺݵնǬֶΣâһǬʱڵ棬Һһʹ˻ʹȥ
ƿץһƤҶ㣬һĨ֮ɫ
̨µҶ㣬Ҳе̨ϵһĻ¶ɱ⣬еǬɽƤһ¶һĨЦ⣬һ絭ӣƺ˸ɱһ㡣
ǬɽҶΪ˳ĽħΪȹֽ̣ӹľ˵ˮˮ̣֮ҲҶÿöࡣ
Ҫ̨֮ʱбͻȻһȣֻһµһΣ̨һޱ飬ĶҶ㡣
Ҷݵò񣡡
ҶĿһһϮۣ˫Ŀͬһ˵̨Ķ㿴ĽŲӯȻѡ
ţǺˣҶüͷ΢壬δȻһ񣬾ԲǸˣ
ħҲģˣҲôոնɱܹ֣ڼΪ޵УǾ㣬ǵֶﲻ߹⻽ħߵ
ݣǬ½֮أԳһ壬ҰΪ壬ħ壬壬ȺӾӵһɽˮܹ࣬ɾ͸߾߷ëǣħǱΪһ֡
ҶЦƾ㣬һҰˣ֮ˣǬ½֮˰ǳΪ֮ˣ˸Ǻɫſ̬ȡ
ѽңħһԾ̨߾һ⵶ƿžһ֮Ͽ̻һԶŴ֡
ˣ
΢΢Զ־Ȼͬһ㣬ڶֱȡҶͷ
ƣƣƣҶ͵غһȭľ壬䣬ֻأȭֻأˮľĹֱڶֱ֮һ֣
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ֶȻը飬ͬƬһķѵĳɢķҶȭͷݹֱ࣬΢΢һ漴ըѿ
ҵ죬ÿµսոճħ죬ӵħ۷սֲתʮ죬ͬԼһ㣬ݵһţһж߲ɼҶⲵĿֲ
ҪɱҶ㣬ҪԼˣĻ֮һŭķգ

ս˿ֲҲҲģҪ죡ҪնʬնǰԶϾ
ħ͵һתȻʷӣ֮иһӰҶ㣬ĵ㲦תҪҶǰ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣նʬնǰֶκЩƣֶָξȻҪö࣬Ҷѧϰ
ʱ͵غһȭˮľ׽н֯һγһµĺڶȻɶеħһ֣֮ͣո۵ľٶը鿪ʷҲɢ
ߣƾһСߣҲҵ鷳Ҿֱ죡ҶЦһȻ䣬ݺݵħԴϡ
꣡
ǱҶ飬ħеһжҶƹܣħ˾ʹʧ֮Уʱк˸ɨˣĵ˭



һʮ ͷһȭ
ԲѣһӰܳҶĿһȻϳ˵ǬɵʣܣΣ˷ضΪѩ֮ս
ɽңǬɽͬһֻΪǬɽȣǲ˲٣ǰЩӣһ֮УõϹ˻ʵıأʷʣ
ֻǱѰϹ˻дȺ£ƿܿܿȨľʣ˻䣬û䣬Ȩ䣬űݣֻʷȴӰû뵽ɽЩõֻı
һǬʣųɽҪѩޣĺȾƣӭУҶȴǿɱ䣬ԳնɱҶ㣡
ţõ˴ʷʾҽа壿ҶȻһߣƶ䣬һɳѹʱɽе̹ǵѹȻԾȥ
ƵĶԿȵǾԪۻ̶ȣԽտƷԽ׼ԽҲֱֵķʧܵӡ
ħ죬ͬħ죬ѵΪѹסңҿ
ɽ΢ŭһֻ羧ϵϱľʳУޱ֮ʱƿдһ֣ɲ֮䣬񷶼֮
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һ漴ƾȻƿһѿѺԽԽը鿪Ҷȫʷʻ
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ӿɽǰķȫ飬壬֮Ľݹ࣬ϢֱӽɱδʹںһƬ
ûκβܣڣһжɣ׽֮ĶҶһĨЦһģֱץסɽԴ
֮һѹ£ɽҪҲѶһ˿һΪټ֮һ̴ֱӰɽס
ÿֲƣȻҪɵɽ㣬ҶΪȻҪٳ߸ͷһ˵һ¾ͻ̤ħ죡
ܣҶٿ£ҲһζȥĻһͿˣʢһʱΣһ췴ɣͻƣǻοɽҲδûκη֮
֮ЦҶڵΪħ۷֮սͨħ죬ɽֻħ죬սҲ㣬ο֣ʷʣΪҶ֮ʲộᷭ


һߣ޾ľԪƬƬİ׽ͬһĴȫΪҶһ֡
Ҷ㣬㾹ңһȻ£ң㣡մתضʳ⣬ҧǣʮ˲Ҫ
ɽ֮޾Ŀֻ֮һϣǾһһ˿꣬Ҳл︴
ǿЦ֮ھͼ꣬ΪҵļΪ⣬ĴΪҵĴ
Ҷһε񶼱ҶУɽҲǴ˵ȫת޵ҶϣΪһ֡
ʱ֮䣬һƤҶС
ǣҽ㣬Ҫ𣿡ҶһߣץһƤĿǰǿɽڻΪһƤ˶ʧɫ־֮ɫŲˣǰһ




ٶʮ ͭ¯ɾ
һȣµƳֱ˵ķһЩΪµͻȻһ漴ԵڵأҶһ𣬵ӾȻˣ
ϡ˶ͣȴһ֮ɫǱҶһɨֲϢɨ£Щǿ߸Ǿ֮
ϾһǿǬɽոϣǬλϳ֣ȻûɱΪλɽҵһǿߣҲкܸߵҲһƤҶϣвµĵ
ߣų򣡡ҶЦһת̨ĿĿǬһۣһĨЦ͸ҵģձؽԭ
Ǭ΢΢һ漴кâ˿Ȼٶȳֻ֣ܰ⣬һᣬضһɱɵҶ㡣
ĿҶ̨Ƕ˵ᵽҶ֣µҪۺҶΪУ
Щ˶ҶѾκвˮ˵ˮ֮Ǭɽľ֮ɽİ׽֮֮ռζȻҶΪߣûˮľ⡣
Ҳִ֮ʱΪҲٽһ
ʦ㣬лл㣡ҶĴһϢΪͷһĻһȻҪл
΢΢ͷҶӶĸлʱһյѾӽβǿ½˳
ãɽڴһ죬һ½ǸԽԹҲǸǿһᣬԽɱˣɱǿߵĵӣҲóеҲ˵һս˽˽˶ԹĴ򶷡
ڶһʼʽֻǿʼʮʮʵս죬սʮʮʣʽʸԶΡ
һգҶҲ˽һ󲿷ֶԹڵĿСУԼǿ߻ûн棬Ҷ㲢ż죬ӡ
Ƴһ޵ĹâȽȽ𣬵ȴһĹâ΢΢ײһһâ
㣿ȻҶ㣬һձһָɱȴǸأ³£ǸҵնɱᱦҶ㣬͸ǣһ̣ڿֹâ֮ʱʱ
꣡
һ죬͵ըվһͬõҶĶʣһ죬գȡͷ­֮գ
ҶƳһĨ̵Цݣ˫ȭֱ߬֨֨죬Ӧд⣡
˷ȥҶҶĺ棬һ·޷ȥ


شС㣬㵽Ҫȥ
ڵɽ·ϣҶ֬ѩڲݴĿԣɻ֮ɫҶ֬ѩԼ䣬սƷ˫֮ǻƽս
ǣҶոҪҪʱͻȻ֬ѩߣҿŵӣƺǷʲôشܡ
꣡֬ѩŵɨһܣü΢΢ƺȨףĬ֮ôķʽ˵Ҷ㣬֪һܣϺҺҿǣǰǴʷʸң
ʲôʷʣС㣬㲻˵ЦɣʷҷѾǧ࣬ı㵹Ǻã˵һܣ뻻ȡʷʣЦҶЦһˣϻˣѻƽսó㽻˫֮ҪǲĻҾͲˡ
˵ţҶתߡ
֬ѩһżһץסҶӣߣһĶѣдżΪ̵ĺô屦ȫеĴʷʣ
Ҷһ㶣ȱشڣææӣƺصϢ©ˣѾһˣƾԸ˵ܣҶ
һЦ֬ѩƣתȥ
Ҷ㣬˵꣡ǴؾڲãɽϹһλĶǰûл̤뱦ɽڻˣͬĻҿԺһ֮ͭ¯ɾԼ屦
ʲôͭ¯ɾҶʧɫûһӵڵأ޽ӽıϹţڱϵһ𣬵ǿУΪѪ
Զţ֮ʱǧը鿪࣬ħ壬Ȱ壬ˣûκȥĿܣȻͭ¯ĳ֣˻֡
ɾճռͽ֮УΪе
ǣرȻʧ꣬û֪ǵ䣬˵飬ΪǧƬбǵһ˿һĻûĴڡ
ȻֻǴ˵ʮ꣬ǽͬ˵ڣ֬ѩͻȻ˵ر֣ܲҶʧɫڵء
ǲԶرֻƷߣǧҪСƷ֪Ʒ˭𣿡
Ҷش֮ҲɽĴʼˣķʱ⣬ŴӽԶĳΣ
ߣСֻǳΣһΣԳԽˣõĴʷʣͭ¯ɾȣһһ£
֬ѩмƲƲ죬֣ѵܲԺʹʷʽ
ߣС㣬ҵɵϣͭ¯ɾٺãҲҵУ˵ѾΪõˣԣŴʷʸˬһЩ벻ƴƴģʱ˼ˣһΪǮأ
㡭㣡֬ѩɫһһףȻҶĻֱĿڣȫ¶
ʵϣڰմս֮УѾ˴ʷʵĴãÿһ֣ܲܣҪοǰЩӣеõһֻȻϣ
ֻ˶ʮգһڰգʷʴչ֮ʱͻȻˣ֬ѩʶֻϵǱѰʹʷʵһģһϢ
ʷдֵʱȻ΢΢ҲдǴʷһģһּ
֬ѩӺˣһ֮̽£ȻִʷȻӢ޵Уһ·ϹնӢ۷ȱһǾ飡
Ȼ΢΢ɢźһģһϢҾûжʵˣȻϱǴʷʵ飡
ʷһͺȻϺ϶Ϊһôܹͨսһ̨ף֬ѩҪõʷʵҪԭ򣬵ֲҰϢ˵ȥҶʲôӵˣʮ硣
֪ȻϣӲɱʲô壬һСˣںЦ˵תͻͱһ˶ԴļˣҶӣ֬ѩ֪һ
ңֻܽȻҲһ̣ϢͿ©ʱŪ˽֪顣
ˣС㣬˫֮Ҳںˣǻƽ֮Ժż취ǾˣһҪ׼ĴˡˣҶйâһЦŰݱ
֬ѩ¶߷֮⣬ȻҶѾԶˣѵ֪˺Ȼϵ飿ܣֻһ֪ͭ¯ɾϢӦñȴʷջɣ
ţ֬ѩҧ촽εһȭ䣵ˣӮˣˣҶ˵Ҫʲôܺ㽻ʷʣ
ôҪʷʣѵõ飿ˣҪȻƾƻļһô˴òǸ߷³ҵǲƥﻳĵһǶģһĵõҵüϾڲãɽΨ̤벽֮ŸóεǾ͵òʧˡ
Ҷа׵ʧǱ֮أû׼õرҲˮƶأߣǾһ̽̽գõ˸ãòҲŪȱĶʵ̫ˣһսҵİĲ󰡣ɱУ֪ʱʲôǿڴܳƴˣ
ȻСУҲܶǣһƣټϱصһϢҶĿһЦ
ʲôҡҿһŵ֬ѩȻһֿڣȻҶò᣺ʮƣˣ
ôʷʮǿ󣬺ٺ٣С㣬Ϊҿڴʲô⣿ȻϵõʷʣȻһãҪȻ
ҶЦٿ֬ѩӣȻˡ
֬ѩ͵ס䣬ҶǸСˣɶ¶ܿó̳ɱţΪǸСˣǸӣǸӣ
ģС㣬ҲɱģϾˡҶЦˣЦúܿģƺʮƵһ㣬ɱңʮƣǰؼҲֿҲܼ˿ֲο߶ߡţûУ㻻Ҫɣ˵кȻϣҲܹעһİмҵѹڴʷϰɡ
С㣬Ҷһ죬Ƹ߼ʲôʣ
壬⻪ԣûһ㿲Ŵһͨϴܵľ磬ֻҪ꣡ԳΪĴڡ֬ѩΪ˼һ£˵
ǺãҾҪ壡Ҷһᶨҿһͬ׽֮ʻʷͬʹɽĶ򣬻ļ䡣
֬ѩ΢΢һ壬ǿǧѵһȻؼұпһǣҲóҶ㽻ɽһϣʲôһ˵ļıĵã˵õʷʣڶʱδؼԦ˴죬ɽļ䣬ǾͲһˣۺϻƽ֮ڽ֮ϣɵľ硣
ǹЩòƲɣֻĶȴж
Ȼټˮ˵ļأҶһҧиһ飬֣ˮ֮
ֵ֬ѩΪˣ֮ǰҶйףȴûΣ壬ڣˣôһ֣ٲ
ǣ˰׽֮ˮ֮ټϴʷʣյĴսһƴʵĻһʮضᱻ֡
ô죿ô죿Ҳĳ֣Ҳģ壬ϽԿ׾ڸ׵СиһֺµӰӣĬ˺ܾãһҧݺݵĵͷ
ãˣҶ㣬Щֻǻȡĳ룬ڱصĳ룬ҪΪֹ
ҶһĨĵЦݣؼңڲ߷һˣʵϵյԣû̵ļҪؼң⿿ȥɱ¾Ϊؼ߾֣˺սܰһѹοһҶ㡣
Ժ𣬲Ǳѷʽ
ǵȻôʧأҿǬɽķֺ㽻ңԸǬľһ֮ΣҶ㿪ĳ㹻ḻ֬ѩȻ춼Ȳˡ
Ըѷ͸ңҷ֮Ŀ¾ѧ֬ѩŵʵ
Ҷ㳤ЦһȻ²˳٣ôȥؼңȡ壬֮ھ͸㣡
б˭˷ܣȣʷʲôˮ֮֮ԷҲ
ֻһʱһʱմսôʱ䣬ֺγǣ˵ҲͬҪ֮սžԵá



ٶʮ 
Ǭɴޣˣؼҡ
Բ֮ҹǲر󿪷ŵΨһһ졣Բ֮ҹħ󷨣ÿʮԲ֮ҹؼһ죬һȻԨбչأԣֻһ죬Ƕֵʱ
ƽսǴԽʱѵıӲãɽֱԾؼңҪʱĹ·ϣ֬ѩһиҶ㡣
ʵϣ֬ѩ֬ѩȴδйһףʮ꣬棬˵ǶǳС
չ֮գҲֻһ죬Ϊ˻ȥһйԭ㣬Ψнǳ֣лõرԿףʱлõ塣֬ѩ˵˽س֮С
سǣؼңͨˣؼմ״ʣԳһϵͨˣؼŷΪҲ˵ؼҹسǵͨˣȡ֮
Կ׾Ϳˣ־ڱصãҶĿһڴ˵أܵһʮֿµϢȻǾؼҵĵһʼ棬ҲռƣҪһؼʼ
֬ѩոҪ֮ʱͻȻͣסΣѵҶ㣬ǧҪͼ̤ؼһؼҸƣңҲŲЩǿߣƺûǹؼĳ䣡
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ͻȻһϸ΢촫绢һХƺסһ㣬޷ݳ߶Ŀ壬һϸ΢졣
Ƕؼĳ䣬ԨؼҴ˶ʮֻ꣬ĳʱΣܸܵһɹֵϢҲŲµһЩؼʼ֮⣬棬棬ȵȣÿһһǿ߻ˣղǸϸ΢ǸؼҶѾˣ꣬ÿԲ֮ҹںУ
֬ѩ渵ȴҶһɫ棬棬棬һֱڵÿһˣһǿ߻βȡ
Ҫ֪ǲãɽҲܳ˶ĿֲҪ˵ų࣬ûʷĳ֮УҪ˵ʲô棬֮ˡ
С㣬㲻ЩڲҰɣҶһ£ʶ˵
ڲ㣿ߣҶ㣬ΪһЩϹ˵˵ЩҪǸ㣬ؼң㲻ܽ룡һ˵ϢȻᱻ˲ʱǾͲѷˡ֬ѩ֣ѵ֮䣬Ծظڡ
Ҷվ棬Ŀ˸֬ѩǸظʵϣ͸©ؼҵҪԭ򣬱ǹҶĺģظһ̽
ظһһȥһ̽ԲڣͨǣѾٶʮɿµϢƺؼҹжʮܣҶһԾһ亹ʮܣǬɴ޶ҲУҲͬһʱȻһظŶʮλ³̶ȿ֪
ֻЩܵΪƺʲôסˣ˵ֻʣһֻǿޱȵ꣬塭
⣬ôܣѵЩģʷٻģͬҵϾͷһΪܣԲܣǻĴţѵǱʩչʲô׼ﱸ⾪ı
Ҷ˼ǰ󣬼Ҫ̤ظǿ˸Ϣŵһ亹ֻҪ̤ظһһȻʬ޴棡
ʱͻȻŭХ֮漴ǿ߶ˣҶĿһ±ض֬ѩģԿףҪõ壬ҲҪ൱Ĵۡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һţҶһԾżԶ֮˹ȥ
ȻδԶҶ͵һͣʱоԾӰٶۣҸûĿ⣬Ϊ˿һλħ֮ǿߣ
׿ܣǳɽĿܣҶ΢΢һɫ䣬֪ԼˣҲ˵ؼǿѾ϶ͼؼҵڹˣ
ҿ֬ѩգҶŭһһ׿ץУηڰ֮УǺؼǿ˿׷ᡣ
ĿȻؼ׷֮Ϊߣ˿֮£죬߷ƺͿĦһȦȦˣķľ÷顣
ħ۷ǿߣΪȻһҪǿһҶ㲻òһ㣬Է쵽˼£ӵĹͿ챻׷ϡ
ӣҶѾɱسǣ̤һƬԭʼɭ֮Уɭֱؼ˳Ϊ֣ɭټɲҶȡЩӿԱģ置ˣϲв׽棡
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ǵ죬Ұؼңͼԣߣڱץסѵ־ܣһȣ˫ƻȭȭ趯ԣֲĹâͬһ㣬ֱҶͷ­
˲Ǳˣؼһλϣ֬ѩһΪȴ࣬һٶˣֻħΪΪȪϣȪ
ˣǸ߿Լһŵĳ϶ѣԼ𣡲ȱΪҼǾ̫ˣ
ľ֮ɢ죬һֻصӰɣһεӰͬһʥǣɫıͬһؽذǶϣһġľֳУ򣬶Ȼѹȥ
꣡꣡
Ȫ΢΢һͣ漴ըѶֻ֮£йȫʳƬֲǣֻص֮֮࣬˱ܣ
ҪתǬǬ֣ҳ֣ҪȪһ䣬ſ֮£֣Ǭ
Ǭ֣нҪǣǬأǬ֮ͻңңԣҲ֮⣬Ǵ˷Ȫ㱩һ
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Ҷʱ˷ڡľըֱһ㶼֮ħԣɱԽȻ෴֣ɱ֣ΪȻ鿪Ϊּĳ̶ķչ
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趯֮£һӨɫ˺ȻĴɣ˭뵽·Ȼһ֮ͨ··̨ףȻǰС
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ͨһըǬĹһӱԴסҶ֮УȪϢʱĨȥ
ʲôܣܣǬ֣ıôܱߣûȪŭ𣬵κУǬҲûκζƺĲһ㡣
ߣҲûãǬֹˣΪҲˣֻڻܼĴһʱ䣡ҶһĨЦݣ漴һĳסȪϢһ˿һ
Ҷ㼸䣬㳯֬ѩķ˹ȥȪ򶷵ʱ䲻ʱ㹻֬ѩ֣μۣ·̫ؼҳǿߣһ̣ľĸоؼǿ֮꣬ͨǿʤͬȪǿߣȴδλ
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ߣһŵɨؼ֮ʱһϸ΢Ķʣ̧ͷȥֻһؼͨߣһڣͷݻƣȻľ񹦹ȵӣΪȴֻО񾳣һߵĶʣҶһ
ң֬ѩ죬߽֣
һϢУ߱һ·򱱣ؼҴլķ˹ȥҶ΢΢һͣо˸ʱس֮˳ȥ
سǣ֡
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ǬУֻҪҸᣬֳһ꣬ʩչ˫֮壬ʱȪΪ룬һԾ̤ħ۷֮һá
ʧ壬ؼҶȻưոݣһ˿ʱĴΣˡҶĿһĵ
֬ѩ΢΢һ㶣漴һߣѾĨȥҵļ䣬ǲ飬Ҳ鲻ҵϣǱǸͷʧְȥΪ
ȻҶ˼ҶҪˮͼıؼңҲͷ뵽ȥΪﲻޱȡ
ǾͺãСԼءڲżȥҸоУƺŷǱѰĶǳûһ̽Ҷ㰵ݣֵֽȫòݵĽһƬģ޷϶浽ײʲô
ǣֱ棬һŴè壬жȻڵȻҲƳɹٻزãɽμմս
ҲãյĴսҹϵҲҪһЩ֬ѩЦŵͷΣյĵطҲȫĵطɽҰؼ׷Ҳ뵽ڵ屻ˣ뵽֮˾ǵĽ
һ¶ԲߣУŽֵ˽ȥ
С㣬ôˣ㲻ڲãɽμսİӹָ̤ʲô
ʱͻȻһɭҶ˵ĶʣҶʱһ䣬Ŀ磬ɨȥȻڽ߳һˡ



ٶʮ ı
ͻȻһҶ˶Ȼһ֮߳һӣֳһǹһһԾ
Сˣ㾹Ȼˣؼңȡ壡ɫһ䣬ȵһ𣬾ȻһȦҶֱ졣
֬ѩ΢΢һ㶣漴ʧɫӣ㣡
ӲǱˣ֬ѩĶ壬ܵܣؼҲҪְҪǣľһľľһΪǬʮǰ½
ǣʮ֮ǰͻȻһزϮ˵߲Ӧȴƫƫˣһ֮£Ϊħ֮ˣ䵽صľ磬һ³Ϊˣ
λȴһˣʮʱ䣬û٣ԽԽ£Ϊͻͽٶħ֮һԾΪħ۷ߣΪҪȪ񣬾ҶȣҲ¡
ߣСˣ彻ĻұضڴˣСˣȪһ
Ҷԭأһ˲˲Ķӣ֬ѩļ䣬ԴӴ֮Ϊˣ˵֮͵㡣
ꡭѵһ˫֮Ҷһ̷񶨣ܣ˫֮Ϲʧˣˮˣ˲ܻᣬҡҷȻ岻ı壡
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ƾһҲҪҽа壿ǿЦ֮㣬ȥڲҵ壡
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СˣӣǱӣ֬ѩɻı飬ҶЦЦ
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ҶһĨЦݣߣӿͶ뷨һֱΪУڡٺ٣
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û֬ѩһƴģҶֱӱˣһʧȥһϾͰæˣմսȥӦԣ
ߣСˣ⣡ӵķȻ˫ĿͬӥĿһϢȻţȻ֣һ쫷֬ѩķѣֱ徹Ȼ

֬ѩҲʡ͵ĵƣʷʺں֮дµɲǣ쫷綸Ȼը鿪ӵķһȻɨУһӵɳȥ
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ӸǲϧۣԼľѪΪעȥʶԼΪΪ䣬Ϊ磬ޣء
ʱʣգ֮䣬ȽȽһҹѾҪȥӵİ£һԾѾ֮ͨħ֮Ϊ֮Զӡ
ߣע꣬Ҫʶһߣ˫һ֮УâԽԽ
ͣ仯Ҫһģһݣһ̣ͻȻ䣬òȻһ䣬ȻҶģ
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ҪֳߣѾ̫ˣ̣ɲ֮䣬ΪʤΪ˫֣ȻһץһӰӵԴϡ
ľԪƬ򣬻ޱߵıԴȫȡΪħ֮һԾ̤ħһ죬ħ졭



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Ӷʱңľֶ֮ΣѾɲκΰ취ֻĿɳ
ʵϣץסӷ֮ʱҶѾ㶨ӵıһưոݣοЯ壬ӶⱦѾã׷Ź
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Ϊͣħ۷֮Ҷ㲢⣬ûκο˵һ·ƽ̹
Сӣ㵱ǺưƤɱͷݸɣûһ˿Ԫƺһĺƽߡ
ӣȻϾҪһľ֣͸ңҶһ˵Ŀȴһץӵ磬֣ľץС
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һҪֵѾֻܺ޺޵ĿҶһۣݱԵȥĿȴһԵ˲䣬һСץС
ҲҲʣҪתʱգҪնɱɱĳСӣС涸Ȼץ飬ӵҫĹâݱ÷ɿݵͷٶ󷢳Ĺ
ԭʱ侹Ȼʵ廯ٺˣҶĽŲҲ֮ȴƺصԭ㣡
Ϊ½ħ۷壬ħ֮ͨ½
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Դǿơʱֵֹ֮
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ٶӵ֮Уһ̣ʱͻȻͣͣҶ͵һֻ֣һס
ʱյҲܹƵ˵ģǹԹԵĺںϵһɣҶһȣֲӵԴ
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ߣʱ֣вħĵҶЦһʱתС棬һ̣ʱתʱ仺š
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Ҷһ֮ֳа꣬ںϵ壬ɱԣħ˵벻Ч
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ãҵҪ󣬸ңҺȻһ壬ҵǣҵΪҪߣһ;ûκ赲ҶħһɣΪҶ㳤һһںҶӣҶžӴ󺰴С
ţɾҵ𣿡ҶȻһЦΪǬʱ֣Լλǿߵ͸㣬ܺҶԿҶħҸ㣬ܴ㣬ܿ㣬ҰܵλӣҲһ
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ܣܡ
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Ϊ˳л֬ѩڵڶʱҶҲ˽һʱС֮Уȹʱ⡣
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ʱͨɽǿѾʼʮʮʺѡʮսռķ̨ʮսڶͬռķ̨
ҶվҶڲԶȴڵӾסƺҪսʮʵţǽΪϵͣħ֮
ҪʮʵʵЩѶȣЩ⣬ݣһĻҶһ



ٶʮ ɱ
Ҷӣʮʺ򲹰Ѿսȥдд裬ѡΣһµһЦ֮ɫߵ
򲹰սɸڵӵսʮǿǩץԼ򣬽оȻΪ˱ֹƽԣս֮˺ͱս֮ˣΪͬһħֻ֮սħ֮֮ˡ
ңڶʮǿ֮У趨򣬵Ҳ޶֮ͬˣʤ֮ˣҲҪõвߵŷУĻ֮ˣֳսԾʮʮʺ򲹰
Ҷӣս㣬ϣܹԼսǧҪһսˣǵЦһŮЦĵò֮£ȴ¶նġ
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ͬӰһҶʱǰһΪõʱӭж⣬ΪȻûоȴĿžԪǡ
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ЩߣǧҪҶʡյĳЦ˵ʲô粨

һ̣ȫסˣҶΪħ֮û뵽Ҷ֮Ϊٶޱȡ
ΪҶ㾹ȻðԼΪҶ޼ĴͨȻʩչ̫ˣ
̨ϵ¶һĨɫҶĴͨǸȤǿߣҸûκκֶ֢Σκ˶Ҫõ
վһ̨ĽɱУкһеתɲ֮䣬һĴת壬ջ۳һd֣ӡؿϡ
ֶΣҶ磬ҶĽ㣡ɱ촽΢˫ֺϲһ¶һĨЦݣһ̣ʶ˶һÿɱе¶Ц֮ʱҪɱ֮ա
ɱгʮ꣬δһܣΪκһ֣գǵûɱ֣Ҳͨ¶ȼùֶΣɵ֡
Ҷʩƶɮδ񹦣ԣϣʩָһɱͬЦ滢һЦݿ䣬ǴУȴһĨ񶾵ĺ
վ̨µҶǸոһĨЦݣɱ߹֮ʱһµҶǰ棬ɫһ䣬ɱУҪҪ죬ķžۣ
Ҷ˵Ļһ㶼ɱеӣһȣһԾǬһ̨ϣһ̨ǫ̵ܹ̈̄Ծ֮ˣӵгʮʺ򲹰ǿߣҪǣһϴ̨ݣ
ҶʩȻǸˬˣɱ¶һĨЦݣЦƶɮǳˣӦɱǣҶʩɱ̫أΪ㳬ȣɷ𣡡
ҲǬ̨ϣ˶¶Ȼı飬ҶͽɱòûκζԹ𣬶ڣȻս
ٷϻɱУɽ֣ߥ޵ģΪҲ֪գѪծѪҶһգɽͻȻ֣ʷ֮£Ȼ
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ӷʩ˳ģƶɮΨԸȻ֮ɣɱɫһ䣬һУ˫΢΢һʱʥҫ
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˴ԣɮǷħʥ˵ĵڶɱУĵ˵λɱԡ֮У·ϸնֱգħ۷֮
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Ҷɫһ䣬˵Ļ֮УüĿճɱ֮ʱ㿴в򵥣Щ˵Ļ֮ʱҶʱ׹ԭɱлҪǣӡһΪ
Ѿȫ˽ľˮУմϾ쵤¯еõһ֮Ҳ壬ҲҶħɹ̤֮ħԭ򡣡Ҷһһһģһ˳
ҶħҶɱԣħԣҶ㱦һж˵Ҷ㲻ҲԸֶΣҶħȫϢ֮Ҳ衣
֮УҶħ䵽̨һ
Ҷʩľӵп֮ӵ֮ƶɮ֪ͣפһʬҲУҪɱͻȻľʹһϮռʱ
ʬ壿ꣿҶ㶸Ȼһʬ岻Ǳˣɱ½ѩΪҶ½ҽ𣬺½ѩȴнԹûǿ߸ǷºԸ̤ͷ֮㸴½ѩ
Ҳ벻֮£ɱε֪
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ɲ֮䣬Ҷһɿ֮ϯȻεģƾҶֶθ޷赲硣
ãҶɫһ䣬ŭ֮ɫԱе½ѩվȻȥ˭벻֮ɨ½ѩϣȻͬһĻһ㡣
ɱУ𣡡
ŭѹؿڣҪըһ㣬ɱоȻ޳ֵܵزÿ֮ϻ½ѩʬ壬Զ޷
Ҷ½ѩŮˣȻҶˣΪˣ۸۸֮ˣȫһ³Ǿǣ



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ɱеľ΢΢һͣ漴âըѿͬһɢȥɱеҲˡ
˵δսȰݣ
ɱǴҶһľеĿ߽֮Ҷеңңȴû뵽Ūɳ׾ŭҶӡ
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ʱ֣ľĿǣʼħʥ˵ķΣ֮Ҳܺʱ俹⣡
ףҶеʱ־Ȼ̺һ˿Դֲһ±Ƴ˽ɱеķʱ֣Ϊ²һ˼ɵġ
˵Ĳʱֲ̺ԴҪǣһλǿߣ̤ϴ֮λĴñľѪнյĻԻͣҶԽɱУʤɣ
˭˵߾ͲȶģΪҶͽɱһսĿ˶Ǭɴ貵ǣżߵڶ̤Ǭ̨̿ڴ󿪡
Ҷ̿ͣߣʾȻߴһʮѹɱбʤ˶˳ɡ
Ϊ̿ڣҶܲóʮһѹȥô౦Ͻ𵤣ʮöӮ˵ĻôҶʹ׬׬ʮһڣ
ʱ֣ӷ𣬿Ҷʩڲ׾˴ɱվȻ¶Ļ£ȻˣǾƶɮʩкִͨûʩչ
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Ҷ˫һУľˮϵ⻷ͷڻϵϸ΢ĹȦ޷ɺڶУԼΪһ壬һͨĴɣֱʡ
ߣӱħħһ֮䣬οеǾ⴩Ϊһ仰ͶҡҵķģҶʩ֮ʹõļƶɮ֮˲ãʹԣҶʩͲضѴ࣬ƶɮֱӶȻʩ̸֣۵˵һĵջ񣡡
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ҶˣģԢ֮죬û뵽ɱз˾տȻܹʩչر

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ɱΪ޾ϸŻ۵Ļᣬݻҵ磿һжҵ֮ڣ֮ҽ֮ʱûۣΪע⣬ϵʱһٹ㣡
ҶץŽɱħdֽⶸȻ£ûз֮ԵľԪƬҶħԵһ棬Ҷħա
Ҷ㣬㡭úݣҲҪ˵̫磬˷ħʥ˵һĨлתҵҲҪ䣬֪֮󣬱Ȼʩչͨг㣬նɱɱħһЦƺ˵ûκο־塣
Ƿħʥ˵ת֮壿ЦǷħʥ˲лתҪ޽ˣʮʱ䣬㻹ͣħ֮ѵΪɵϣ̶̵ļ仰ͱƭͷת򣬷Ź㣿Σ
˵Ҷһ֮࣬һȦķȫ֮УתϢȫչ¶Ҷ˵һ㣬ɱħȫǼ޽ӶģҶһⲢӰҶɣ
ܣ㲻֪ģɱħɫһ䣬ײײ˫ĿնеһϱڱҶÿ˿̣ǾԪƬǴȫҶҶħˣҲûһ谭
Ҿǽɱħʥ˵ת֮壬ңͲʥ˽٣ʮ˲𣡡ɱħɫ˫ĿȻþһµĽ⣬
һ̣ɱħޱΰһصľ޷˫ĿӲӽ⣬ķ⣬һԾ䣡
֮촫ɣҶӹܵąd־ȻҲŲƺҪֶȥסɱħądȻը鿪
һױȣ

ڽħԵҶħһȻһ˺ѷεĺУ͵һ屻ùһϺףڹ𽥱ΪԽԽ
漴ڳһ㵭Ļ棬ɺһĻ治ͬڱ˲䣬Ҷħηúˮ࣬ȫ
Ƿҵ죬ɱħԷ𷨵Ȼտֵز֮ˣѾ֮Զ˰ɡ
ܹпܳΪһ棬ǷӶпܣǣĻܲ򵥣λڵͬѾŵƲ׺ź룬Ц
ʱ̨ϵһʦɫüΪѿ૵֪˭ˣڵһʼ棬ħʥתǷħʥǰһתһ˿𣡡
ǣһ˿𣡡
Ʋ׺ȷ߶¶ȵĹâ޷̤ʥֻ֮ҪõΪ֪ٱ
Ҷ㣬Ծɻʧˣ˶ʧˣҾһ˿תҸʲôħʥתǷҲģܹ⶯ıһڣҵǹʹҪбƭľ򣡡ɱħЦһƵóѵӡ
Ȼվ𣬷űõһĻµļƲߣҶҶħ֣Ψ·һʾץסŶ˴֮ʱһٷΪʤ
ۣҲۣЩҽӹܣ
վڰյҶɫûһ仯ƺѾϵһ㣬͵һץһƣ̺Żâȭл֮˵ݹ࣬һƴƲ񷡣
ɱħζȻһֻɢ۾ȻһƸס漴һץȻȥɱħҲһˣʹ˵ڵϡ
˿̵ҲûκηأԼۣ֮ⶼ޷赲ڵĽɱħֻʹεı˫ۣ뷴Ҳˡ

ҽɱħ弱СջΪһ˿𡭡



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սգѾһ죬һսҶʤˣɱħΪһ˿𣬱Ҷɵˣɱħֻʷ֮С
ҲΪһսҶ׬һڵϽ𵤣˵Щӣһβˡ
ҶţȴûдΪҶ㣬ܷܷΪȫħ죬ˣȫͬսվʮʺ򲹰ϲеһ
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ӡɶˣݵɴ֮Ȼ飬Ǵǳ
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Ժ󣬲׾屻ƽԴӡ֮ԭʢһʱԴ˥ȥʱ㴫ԣ׾ķӡʹ˥䡣
İԼ֪һ渵ҶĿһڲãɽʮϤҲʦһͬǰ̽Ҫԭ
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֬ѩŻðգҶһ֮̽ĹһͬѰԼòͭ¯ɾҲܱõĻ֮գңңڡ
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²˳٣ҶʦܣǿЩ׾壬а취Ǹɽ
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˵ţȻڲ׾ڣΪһöƬһգϱڶʱһţҶ˴ݽС
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꣡꣡
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վھϵǴһĨааЦݣһ֣ǹȻɱǹˣҲûκĥϢԽԽţǹâͬһһȻɱƬռȫըˡ
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紵ɺԵѪϢҶɨһƬɪϢϵǹ׶ѵ֬ѩĶ˵ǿҼ֣رȫҶС


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һȺȺӿѹѹһƬڵסգͬһƬҰ籩һֱֱ˹



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߻ž޴ϸС۾Ũҵĳ֮飬ϵļݡ
Ϊľ֮һ飬Ϲżߵĳ羴ֻسֵɲǣȻȫϵĹݣ֮߻ʵĽŲ޷˵ֻ̤֮УԸΪҶľ֮һṩϢľ
һĻҶȴЩסˣԭ޶ͼڵľµĶ࣬Щ޿ΪԼܡ
̾һǰֻӰԽԽ׳ľ֮𽥴ɣ߻ʵȫ֮ľ֮ڴﵽ߾磬Բ
˸һȲĴн£Ҷ֮Уɲ֮䣬Ҷ㱻סʶڣҫ۵ڵס⣬Ϊ֮УȴﵽԲ֮һ
һƬڵĴϿ֮УУֲ·ڣõĻôΣսһЩ֪·ҵĲ̣ջôͻᵹṳ̀ƬϿȡ
˵λĹĹǰϲĶϲðգ꣬ԼĹѨԹһȻҪԹһжҪ
ϿΪȣȿ೤һ۱ܿ߼ʣƺɽȲԶɽȴĹѨҪλá
һɫ԰ףθݵӣĬĬվ̧ͷ죬ƺ·
ߣվһͬʮӣޱ飬һ²ؼӣұߣһʮӣһͷĺڷ࿡һа֮ɫ
壬ʲôӺʵ
ȣȣö񶾵뷨ĹûǽУһжƺˣȸһ·ôߣ߲ȥοһߣ·һʧȻǱˣ
Ӱͷһɥ֮ɫߵޱûκα飬ͬ׮һ
Уǰû··ҲնˣҲԴУ߳ȥһĹѨ˽ȵǣǻˮǺˣ
һĨᶨ֮ɫ߬ȭͷ֮սζҪһսһٳΪǬʮʣҪʣ
Ĺս֮ǰһΣҲΨһһλᣬΨץסӱһս
ǸĿޱľȻĿһۣһĨĹâ
֣Ҳţط֪ģοһ֦ܹͬժͷδʮ꣬Ҳڴ½㣬Ļ
ͻȻտڲԣ˼ԣǾλӳ֣Σ
ǰ壬ܹͦǬʣôһӭȢ֬ѩС㣬ʱ岻ҵֺ֮αطֵôЦ˵дһ˿һ˿ֺ֮⣬ȻܷñҪҪλ塣
ҶڴˣȻܹϳһ۱ϳһֺ֮ɫĶУУ
ǸӣμܵܣĿǰƹдȨ˵һμ
Ǹ壬֬ѩȻҧгݣ޵ĸף
Դˣ屻ߣʳѰȻؼҴҪְǶϵ۾Բֹһ˫Ҫı֮λǿ߸Ƕֶ֮࣬ομм̫ϳϣȫϹӣһж
һؼұȻûбҲŵսѣ뵽Ĺõͭ¯ɾ
ҽˣ֮٣ˣŮͣؼ¶һһܴؼټǿߣֻ˶ΣͬˣԷҪ󣬱رеһֻܴӦ
ǰһĻֻǵãɱĻٻ¶ıΣҺȫǴҷ񣬺ķ鵤ҩɱ
ȴôҲ벻һ޶ԴȻһͬн޳
ô˵ֻҲҵ֮ڿڣ֮£ȴ¶һĨЦݡ
ƺ֪ҪʲôԥƬ̣ҧҴӦˣֻҪܳȥطȫ͸㣬Σ
ıˣ·ԽԽ̣ٲ߳ȥǾĶˣ궼ûˣҪʲôá
ĵͷʱſ˫֣һֻϽɫ¯ӳУ͵һѹʧĵ·ȻٶӶɣǰ֮С
һׯɣǰ;޹


Ҷ֣ҪȥҶһ߳Ҷ㾹ȻǰߣͨĹѨŷ򼲳۶ȥģ֬ѩɻѡ
٣Ҫȥ˼ˣС㣬룬ܸȤģˣʦ㣬ǸòƻҪȡ֮ΪǬɵڶʣ
ҶһĨصЦݣͨǣ˵һ˽⣬һһҶĵˣΪɣһ±ȻǱ
ȻսʱȡҲ赲Ҷ㱨֮ġ
ڳˣĹ˻գǼȻѾҪͨĹѨʱĹ˵ʬǣҪˣ
ʼһ˷ܵĴ󺰴УܹվȻǳԽܵĴڣȻԽľ磬Ϊһµʥˣ
ܹõʬΪŶ棬ɵӶ
Ҫʬ𣿿ҸҪ
ʱͻȻһ˶ʱŵһ㶡



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ͻȻһ죬ȫԭء
ͨ˶ȣҪĹѨأ
㣬ŮĿһͣȻ֬ѩվڶԷĶһĨЦ
֬ѩһ漴º͵ЦԭֶŮЩҺ㸸׻δķһ̽ùĹĹѨʱеıǹԼˣ
Ǳ̨ʾǸ֬ѩһɲҪΪŰʱڿɾˡ
ףδ֬ѩЦЦдһ˿ݣͻȻ͵ЦޱȻϲСôͼ޹ȥɣ
֬ѩЩ˽⣬֪Ҷĵˣͷݵ֣˵ʱʮСĽҶɡ
ȻҶ㲻ƻ˵ĺϵ֪֬ѩĹϵͨݣ½ԸŮֻһܻ뿪
ҶͻȻ뵽һ֬ѩļ䣬¼޸ǬɵһʣҲ֬ѩԸпܣһŮҲڴ˵ؾս֬ѩΪã²űȼ޸Ǭɵһʡ
뵽ҶʱȻʣƺŮ˲ƫǺ˵ǸŮӣ෴ȴʧΪǸŮӣǸŮӣĻҲΪ˸ĸױ𣬲ϧ͸׷Ŀ
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ҶͬһָһָûκλΣȴ̺˻ɫĹâȻζ˳ȥ
һָڰм鿪һ漴ըѿϸ΢ĻǣڵϣһĻ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ħǿߣһָ˵ʹȫҲһ̤ħСһֵܹ˵ģ漣ˣָײ˳ΪŻǣɢڿС
Ҳ󲻵ģ˵ǲġ
Ҷ㣿ߣȻӢ۳ܹ꣬꣬棬ȻͨĽɫ̾һɫͬŭδڡ
ûٶȳ֣һʱ֬ѩ˺ƤҪ֮ĹѨһ˫һ棬վ־壬Ϊ͸ĵΪѾɾ;ͷ֮λˣļɵ
㵹Ҷ̵ûʲô޲޵ģǣԼ飬ǳԲѷͼɱ˶ᱦôԼҲҪնɱ
°ܽƾҲҳ֣ȷҶһɽնɱ֮ˣշ裬Զʹ
ҶɨͻȻЦͬһ˶˲źá
Զʱһ̴Ŀĺ޹⣬һ߬žž죬ȻѾŭ
Ҷ˵ԣ繷һǱϥʺֻҪ棬ȥСδ˵һֱڰͽᣬʡ
ͬڣΪ࣬ȴʱʱ̶ָ̿Ĺ޲ðԼͳ͸֪ԼģҲܹӱҪԭ
ΪİͽᣬҼҰ˴̫ϳϹ̵ͬҲΪİķУѰ˴̫ϳһѧȫѧ֡
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䣬ޱȣĹ֮УұҪΪȥĸһģҲɱ㣬ҪΪĸһᱮ㣬ҪȥΪݣ
һԭɢӶȻһһľ̲Ҳգ֬ѩ֪մǿѣҪһնɱңΪҰΪᱻһСëѹҸ㣬ܣ
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Һô˵һƬƽԭȻû¹âҹ˫չ֮󣬶ʱһƬյһ㣬ʮҫۡ
˫ھȻһ֮㣡ʧɫ˫һҪĴұ֮һյˣһףԼŴ׵ˣǳé®СһƿرԼڶӡ
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ߣҶ㣬նɱ㣡
һȣгһ˻ԪììҫһµĻߣһӼײµķȫ

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۵е͵һֻڶȻѹٿٶȣҲֲִռٿأʱͣͣһɲǣƺֹͣˡ

ͫ͵һ漴ʹһӰ͵شһѰͷ֮ϣݺݵѹ˽ȥͬʱǹ壬ȻҪѵ˫
ɣ˫ֻҲϣ
˫ǹݺݵĲڣǹǹһһңݺݵĿסùǣͬʱҶʩչ˫ݺݵĴ˫˳

һʹ飬ʹһУ˼Ƥӿ˫ѪܣΪֲ˫ǹ壬Ѫͬעһ䡣
ɲ֮䣬ԭӣȻһԡѪѩˣ



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ҵ˫Ҷ㣬úݣ
ѪΣҲ벻˶̶̼µĹ°ܽھȻĴɲмʵǶôЦ˫°ܽˡ
ݣƾҲ˵֣Ҷһ֮ɫһ֮ԭ޸۹̫ӣҲΪǰɶļһȻ˵Լݣ
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ǹ˳ѪͬעһӿȻһݺݵ߳ȥ
˫磬ѪģȭͷĿͣѪǷϵڵϣͣĴϢʹɫѿ˫ڣ˵ֱ۲࣬ڱնȥʹ֪һѪģɭȻİ׹Ǳ¶棬ֲ
ҺްҺޣһûɱ㣬Ҫ֪нգһɽԣҾƴʧԴҲҪնɱС
ѵһɹˮͬҩһ壬벻ǣˮѪģ֮֮ʱǿµ˿ھȻۿɼٶȬš
ˮ֮ҵСˣû뵽㾹ȻеĺˮеһȫӶᣡҶЦţ֪Ϊʲô̻ɱҪеһУĶһһᣬʹ࣬ǸʱȻɱ㣬ģһþһֶĥ㣡
ĺ⣬ҶѾﵽǰĳ̶ȣ˵һͱĻᣬǰԥڣܣҪ伲ٰ֮ѹɱУҶħһʬܣ
˵ʱҶҲûţ˫ȫĨȥʼԼʹر𽥱ơ
Ϊʲôԩ޳ҼǵòһҲȳ֣Ҫɱ㣬ҲΪŭų֣Ϊʲôһ⵽ΪʲôһãȻ֮ɫϵʹľǹ壬ݻļǣҪǣҲ˺ˣ
޸Լ꣬еǧҩȫȼ˱ԴֲϵĴˡ
Ի˸㣡Ҷһļ粿ȻһԳ͵ظһǹһ˹
ǹҫķģһһջ۳һ貴֡𡱣ָһ֣߾貵Ĺâ˺ڰĴأҰ׵ӳյøˡ
˫ҿ
ƿ֮˵۵ļǾ֣ȫյķΧ֮ڣǹ⸩֮ʱһĨЦݡ
Ҷ㣬ϵˣҪɱңΰɣΪֶΣЦ֮ڣֻܼ֮ʶʶʲôֶΣ
һĹâ΢΢һݻϽⴸ͵ת͵һȻһը죬ཻ
֮һ־ȻʹƿһըѿȻһȫɢ
ֻ΢΢һһ֮ͣĹųǶȻ񷣬ųǳ˳ȵϢ֮ϴһ֮ȣҲһ
һգû֮ȡ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷеǹһͣ漴ֱ죬ȵϢǹȻ΢΢ıԴȻգԭļҲʴˮѿҶ֣ʵ֮ϡ
ҶһĻ˫ȻչವһʧԭأǹõʧȷС֪һٱˮմȾֱҲͷˡ
ãȻڱ֮㣬һɵŵСӣһߵˣҪǬ֮һСӾĵ·ʯⱲӶûϣ
ǣֶʥԣһĨصЦݣ֮δ¶֮֮ͨʱΪģҰλ̫ϳϣҰʼ֮ȴ硣
֮ʵϣԽֶ࣬ԽǿԽ˷ܣΪһУڽ죬ңҶһ˷ܵЦ˵ϵ˫
Լ˫ڲҶļϣŭ⣬ҶĻŭɫ
ˣҶ㣬Щ֣ƲסҶҪֵɲǣ֬ѩĻﶸȻҶ˼һȻ֬ѩѹŴ򣬼·磬Ҫģƽսˣȫըˣ֬ѩǺѪ֧š
ҲãĽ֮ʱҵоִԲ˵лħ죬ʱֵҶһ͵˫ȥ
ȵľᣡ
ͻȻЦˣЦúܲãζȻ۶ȥһεĿ겻Ҷ㣬֬ѩվһԴδսҲˣؼʱ̣ȻֱӴ߶Ϊǣħ죬һԾ֮Ϊһֲͷɱ˹ȥ
ԭ֬ѩս˿͵ޱȸߴ󣬿Ⱦһ㣬Ϊͬħ챩ǵ֮
µǣȻʩչɱУĿ֬ѩ
Ҷϵ˵ĸо⼸˳֣ȻǾıѾõģУĿֻһֶ֮ɱ
ԸֻأǼʶʶܰɣΪײҶţޱ£һȦȦסһһ㡣
һֻڲ񷣬ƿֻأҶ֮ǰ棬͵һָָȻȵұ䣡
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һ̣ʱռȫֹˣռȫסˣǸɱ֬ѩȻһ̣һĪܣסˡ
ҶսףȻµɲǣһžȻڵһıһ
˱һ
ʲôΪǺֶΣһ̣ȫˣһӣھȻһֻ

ҪڴȻԼ³֮󣬱˹Ϊ˵Ҷ㣬
һĻĸը˷Σײǽײĳ嶯һҹӣҵһˣǱҰλ̫ϳΪӵģʮʺ򲹰еһھȻ˹
ھһҶЦųЦü֮⣬Ҫǣʹ죬ӣʹһ죡
ߣڴˣҲС㲻𣿡Ҷ㶸ȻһȣͻȻһָⱲӾһֻ󣡡
ҶһȣһָɲǣʱΣҪܣȻʱյľѾѹϣ漴һ飬Ȼһֻɫ



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ȫһĻɰèץ

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һƬڹɨǾϢֱҶһ̣ҶޱΰһԶžˣ񷡣
Ϣɨ֮󣬾Ȼһ֮漴ǾϢȫգһΡĹųһӳ֣ȵĻ⣬ѾˮУ

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Ҷ͵֣Щס˵Ҳץס˵Ĺâת֮ת׽Ҳʼʹ
Ҷ㣬ǵΪؽ׺䣬úģʧĴһƶûУֻĿԼΪҶڡ
׺䣬ұ˭ңҶһеȴ˼֣յٶҲˡ
ͣήҲѸϻҶֻסҲһƤ壬ɫǷҶ㣬ڵ᲻һ㵨



ʮ 
𣿸һҶ㶸ȻһȣҪܵһӽס
֬ѩĸϽ֣סǶһĻҲʮ𺳣Ҷ˫λħǿߣǵλΪҶ㶼Ҫǿٱ˵ͬħ죬ħ˼ʮ꣬ħ죬ûһʡ
ڣҶץסǵĴǵľԪȫΪҶļƷͷһͲˡ
Ҷ㣬ɱһôô֬ѩ˵Դ֮ɫ֪ڵҶ㣬ѾܹвˣľΪڱҶץɼҶĿ¡
ã㣡ҶҲ飬һѱ֬ѩߣ˿̵ͷɿݣףƤߡ˫Ŀնһ;ƿݵͷʮֿ
ǣȴֵÿ뵽ĸ飬Լ飬Ϊɷ򣬸ף
֬ѩ뵽ݺݵĴһơ
žžžž
֬ѩǷһͣͣ죬±ͷ˼ţӲĿ˶á
ߣҸһĻᣬԸ⣡ҶͻȻ֣ͣûֱЦӯӯĵ
Ҷ㣬⻰˵ҲһţǴĿ˵ǻ֮Ц֮Ц֮һ㣬Ц
ͻȻɫʮҾҲᱻã˵Ҳϡ
Ǻǣֲʲô캦飬ò㲻ǹһˣһ޶СɣˣǸùӣ治֪ܲǸȾ»ȥҶЦ˵˿Цʮֲã񷽲ŵһսûһ㡣
˵޶ɫһӣ˵Ӻ»ˣ۰֮ҶͻȻӣҲһ顣
㣬Ҫʲô޶仰ҲӦ֪Ǵ½ĹأУ֮𣬷Ļ޶
ߣЩϻŪңֻ㣬ԸǲԸҲʵ㣬㲻Ըһ޶Сȥ㣬ȻҲӦ֪ҵֶΣǲܵġ
˵£һΪܾ꣬ΪٶȻص۷壬ҪҵĻҲҵ
գһ֮󣬾øһЩôĻѾͷ
ֳһĨΥľ⣬˭߸⣬뵽Լ޶ҶĥĽޣӡ뵽һ䡣
ʲô£Ҷ򽻵òΪǰˣǳ˲¹ͷ˵ͷһͿҪ
ѽ£Ҵ½˵Ķ飡ҶЦ˵Ц˸Ŷ񶾵Ĺâ
Ŀ֮ʱһһεĿ־ȻȻҲǴˣȻ֪ҶҪʲôңߴ½Ķ
ȻҴرʧ飬һҸ߲֪һ죬ҲⲻˣʱȺ֮
⣬ٿҶЦݣʱףЩԶԶ½ĶǾ͵˵ʦ棬ˣˣȫͻȻϮĽ
ͼӴףǾ͵˵Ĺħ֣ħ年ᣬô͸ˣǸʱֻҪƿ˴½ۣ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
ѣ
һ£µǣǻϣͬһ˺Ľ˺ݺݵİϣݺݵļ̤ѣһϢ֮أûУ̵ģ
ģһΪǸļ䣬ʱǴܼ飬ֲ˶ߣ㣬ֻҪסݺݵˮеȫõϣҶݵĵʱǲ¶һĨĿС
ãҸˣһݣ˲ΪɲԼĽ޳ΪŪĶӻδٻ󣬱˼ҵūΪԼΪ˼ˣΡ
֪µһع⣬ѵĽ
£Ҷ˹ûɱǰеһȫӶ֮󣬰һöʧӣļ䣬ҲҶǿд۸ģĵףƺɱ壬֣Ҷ㣬ֻǵñɹһĻļҶ㱻ˡ
һ֣Ϊһľֻ³֮գΪ쾭ڡ䡱ˡ
ߵıӰҶһĨЦݡ
ҲһȥͻٿµĹڦǵصۣǿֻ߳ɱһУڶȻ֪
ǰǵĿˣֻмСĽĸױǰ棬˰㣬ղģܸܵöɪɪƺＫΪ־塣֬ѩһĨʹ
߹ȥһؿΪ˽ɱˣҶػصִȣǰߣ
ţһöԴӡֻеõԴӡ֮ˣл̤ĹѨ
﾿ʲô
֬ѩãȻҡͷɥҲļӴȻֹƺĸײ֪飬̽룬Ĩȥļ䡣
Ҷ΢΢һĸܴӹĹĹڣִȻͨˣΪҲħ֮ߣ֮еʲô嶼ɪɪ
ˣ˵棬Ҫôܽ롣Ҷڰ֣˵
ţﾹȻһţʱ⣬
˳Ŀ⣬һƬǹͼķ˸ģǧǹ𽥻ۣһâĿĴţ
ţ
ţΨ;ţ̤ľһǹϵļأҲʦ˵Ҳǲãɽλʦȷֵġ
߰ɣȥţҶһȣ˵çײǵŸֵɲǣƺ֮Уض֮Уǹ⡣
Ƿ棬ͽʱտĻ棬һģһ
а취룿֬ѩĶŮӭȴҶ΢΢һЦ
ͨͼ֮ͨ·飬ǰͨͼڣͼֶɲǣһŶΡۻϢɢɲ֮䣬񷶼ʼǧǹ⣬ȻȻȻĿһ·
ߣ
ҶһȣסŮ֫һԾͨͼ֮ϣɲ֮䣬µĹŶС𽥻һ㵭ǹ⣬ֱȥ
κԽӴŮ˵ĢƣҪҶ֣ȴûôΪַֻ̤



ʮ ս崫
Ҷ̤ɲǣʱ龯˲ǿߣǴ
˼壬﹩Ŵ˵е꣬һ־񣬲ηѣеη
˵繩Ĺȣս壬Ϲս壬ѪǿսǷΪһֱŹϴ꣬ҪĴţͨĹѨΨôսѪҺܴ࣬Ĵš
֬ѩҲ˵ĸױսĻѪֻҲΪⲵӵѪŽҴҲǴӹĹΨһһˡ
Ҷܹ̤Ҳ˵⣬ǴսᣬǼҶҶӦսѪֻϧһսѪ֮Уֻһˣǧֻ꣬꣬һˣĴѪ
ҶҵǸ˱Ҷ㣬ͨͼȻ̤
˵ϧûκ¥еֻһɽڴ˵й޻̸֮ûУ
쿴ǸʲôͻȻһָָɽһˣǺһɽƺɽǵ񣡡
ɵģҲǻɵģֻǹͼҫĵǹ⣬Ҵ˵سµĳѻԿС
ϣһֱܹľ޴Աɽʮ֣һĻҳ֮£Ȼûɵģһһܱ
ǹꣿҶסˣֲʵľ޴񣬹ֲѾʴÿУܶطѾѡ
Ӧǣս幩궼ôĻɵģ㿴ɢѪζ֮ǵɫԺɫΪսӵдѪͳˣԼؿϵѪϻƳɵġ
֬ѩڣеûоϲѾ֮С
ֲãֲãԭѪζ񣬶ˣС㣬
ȻǣӵսʼѪպÿһսӵѪͳǰ棬ҪΪ֤ԼѪһǽܴУ֬ѩ˵ǽܴУϹÿһϵԼ츳ͨ壬ħ壬ڤ壬ȫ⣬սǼʼ棬Ի츳ͨ
ҶǰʱһƲ׺˵һӵսѪҺлᣬԽܴС
ڴоǰԼؿڵѪϻ˵Ҳܻʼ洫츳ͨ
֬ѩƺ֪Ҷ룬㲻ˣֻѾʧˣӵ֮ҲС֣صһ䡣
Ҷһ磬ȵУӵĴУѪĸоҲ̫үүүүһϵȣЩ׽ˡ
ףʲôˣһĿȻĿ֮˸ϸ΢Ĺԣһ㵭ģĹââ֮УȻᡭ
⡭ҶҲסˣܸܵȿ׳ɳ˷ܵˮвκθֻǵ˼
ҵȰ
Ҷ˹ȥˮ˸ܸܵٻߵ˫˫Ŀ֮ʱʱһɾˣ
Ҷʦܣһ
ӦþһսӵѪͳ˽ܣȵĵӦȥܴˣﾲĵȴͺáΪĸڴ֬ѩԹĹ֪֮ϸȰĵ
ɫһ죬ԼңΪʲôҶʧˣҳһ飬ˣֻߺ¶еĿ⣬Ҷ
Ҷʼһ̤룬ʱлסȻЩл棬棬桭л꣬ҲѪһС
л꽫ҶѧȫͳһʽҶ㣬λĺ
Ǭ򣡡
׺ɣ򣡡
丸գ淨򣡡
ԣ·򣡡

һһл꣬չʾǿһʽ֮ȫը飬һӡҲɢȥ
Ҷڵϣ棬Щˣ׵ˣЩΪĳɳԼӡǶʧˣҲ˵ֻصĻᶼûУ֮УЩսȫʧˡ
Զһ˳΢΢ЦˣҶܸܵѪľҸо游
Ц֮µ˫֣ƺҪһҶźǣ֮壬Ҷա
ģʱ䷨򣡡
ԻͣдһȻͬһϨ𣬵ȴһʽԼĺˣսԱ档
ҶʹᣬҪֹλǰԸҪЩϡطҲԼȱǳţκÿһλǰȫ޷ˡ
һһˣĽһʽѧһǣ񷣬һ˿ۼ
ҫأ﷨򣡡
ϡ·򣡡
رɽݣɽӷ򣡡

һɿݵڽٸǱ֮߳˫۾ĶҶ㣬㶢˰Σ¶ϲĹâ
ӣսһӵѪͳһλǣ;ƿݣĴڣܰǿһʽȥϣԣǲη㲻ҪΪѹ
Ҷ㾪ȵǣ߾Ȼ˵˵֮ʱ¶һĨοЦݣӣҿóδʮֹҪǰΪ·Ÿոտʼ
Ҷ㶸ȻʧɫǰλȻ壬ܿóߵĿ£ƺԶҪµĶ࣬ԼǰǱ΢ϡ
֪Ϊλ˿µĴڣǴĻбλûж⡣
սĵڶλȣҲĶ棬ӣսϣǰеһж㣬Ҳϧ۾ԿҶ㣬һүүһϲ
ֻϧ̫ˣʵ̫ˣڻһ֮أҪǿҪøǿӣǧҪΪڵľ磬ܸˣħ֮ҵǸʱһֻ϶㲻ϣ󣬶ūѡӣҪ֪Ұжľͻжߣ
ƺ޾廳֮УĻҶĳʮ־޴ūѵ֮ϻУ
ǺǣҪʣгɣȥȥһߣ벻ջġʵϣ棬ֻһǬ½̫̫磬̫̫ǿĴڣҪŬľ磬ȥʼ棬֮Σ
ᵽʼ棬ߵֳ羴ĹԣʼĸףֻϧѾˣҲûлټ˰ɡ



ʮ 
үүʼүүʲô硣ڶ棬ҶԵľ壬Ȼ˵ѪûǰλҲҶĴڡ
ܸܵĵϲ۰ָүүһΪĶӣȫˣҶ㣬ӵӵӵӵӵӡ
ϵһټ֮ҲƣڳӣȻ۰òˡ
Ǻǣʼүү֮ҪĽ£˵ʲôأЩȤЦһ
Ҷ㣬ԽԽϲ뵽ΪһĻǲɵ¶һĨЦݣΪһһҲȷľ
ˣӣгһгɣʼүүȻή٣ʱǵø߾ˣסҪŬʼүүҲȲ̫ˣ˵һ̾ϢȴĸףҲܰҲдĻµһ죬
ҶнǣеӶֻƬбԼԭƺȵԭƺλ֮Ҫµʼˣǿʱ䡣
ӣʮŨ񣬲ҪΪΪ޽ӣһ;ƽ̹ޱȣʵϴشˣ񣬱ʮŨֻһ٣ֻжȹչ֣ԣСһﲻҪⶫǰʵ̫ˣ
˵Ҷ񣬲Щƺϣ
ĸλȶһˣҵһʽСһҪˣµ˫֣һһƬǹ䣡
һĻҶˣÿµĿռ֮ǰһǳ䣬ɼԿռ֮
һнǳռ䷨򣡺ӣҪסѧӣδȫãҪȡ侫ΪԼõͨǴͨˣϰհ˵ҵҲУһУֻȴʩչĻȫɨΪ֮򣬽ȫһ֣ʱĴ
ӣסֻԼĴĴһתʱգΪʮʱ䣬ŬӰˡ
үүȻദʮӲǶλ˽׵үү˾ͻҶһˡ
λȣǷģҶгһɣұػὫѧǵӡǣ
Ҷ֣ص˵ϣͬ´ԸЩȥĻһ˿ִȥ
ľ磬֮ϣЩȥӢ飬ΪˣҶ㷢µĺԸ
ˣǼѾ̤һɫˣһ۵ǰǸź˫֣ͬȴСȻ壬ϡƬʮˡ
ǽӣüޣӢˣһף˵֮ʱȴϲţȻЦ̽
˲һٶȻˣһûˣƺڵȴʲô
΢΢üЩɻûˣ񣿡
ȻȻ򣬾ȻսѪͳĺᣬֲãֲã̫ˣһˣѾϰ꣬ҲȻҺҳסǳ֮ʱûиɵǡ
ˣǼһΪħңһ쾳ǿߣƿֲһĿӣһȣԴ־
쾳ʲôħ֮սԺ쾳ǿԱȸߣħ̽Ǹеĳץߣڸʱˣ࣬û糿ɱǣѾˣ
һһм֮ɫ
˵ħ½Ȼɫ䣬Ϊܹħˣħ壡ڿǸźӣȻһδ͵ħ塣
ӱħħĴħλҲһˣһΪ
ħ磬Ǭ½ƽλ棬棬ħλӣ棬սҲϣħսһͨʮǿ
ΪǬ½ıҰһƽҪħõö࣬ɼħ廷Ķӣħִ½½ǿ߻ˡ
һΣսͻȻֹΪħй¶ħû½ǱǰħĴ֮һ
еĿͭ¯ɾĹҶ㣬ǽ֮ʱȺħˡ
ħˣűɱȥ
ǣ
ͻȻ˺ѵ죬ĺ֬ѩͬʱһ֮Уĵȫ鿪
׷ɣߣҲɳỤ̃ǺÿԲѡĳɢȥҶ¶Ů¶ϲ
ǺǣöλӵˣҶЦӭ˹ʮʱ䣬ϣһ˿ɣ֮С
ĺӡ֬ѩһҶϾȻһŨܵĺӣͷһһСҶ˹ȥ
ȵסʮ꣬ôܲӰҶЦŽӹСȤСң
ȥ֬ϣ֬ѩ˲һźֽҶЦı飬¶һĨĵЦݡ
ʦҲ˹ңСܳĴһˮˣҶϴҶĴȤҲߺ
࣡

ͻȻ䣬ʮͻȻ٣ûκηϻͻȻ𳤵һɱ
ҶһЩų֣ϡƬͫһһ±֪ʮ˸ˣħ壡
ãħ֣һʹɫƺħʹδҶ˵׵壬һɱ˹
⼸ħΪͣħӣΪ׵һˣȻħǿߣǵĴ磬ƺֻĳ˵¡
ǱˡݣҶ¶һĨЦݣʮħ壬ʱɫһֳŰϢͬһ˳ȥ
飡
һħ͵ָָڰжȻ쳤ͬצһ㣬ݺݵץҶؿڡ
ٺ٣ҶͻȻЦһʮָ罣һʱյ˳ȻһץʱǸħħؿѪָܵ
˲ҽ֮ʱҶηٺˣٴץһǿߡ
ۣ
һħħߣָץţһѪܵ࣬ѪļһҶ
ÿµֶΣʲôΪ֣ǿ䣬ʣļˣҶ֮ʱ޲ս
ߣһССħ죬ҲɱҰħˣλͷӣħĴĺħ壬ֻһߣζȻ۶



ʮһ ڤ֮
ƾ㣡
Ҷ㶸ȻȣָǹȻһָһǹȻ
ħİħһɫȻ仯ĸоĽ٣ָǹɱͬһӰȻ£ʹλħǿһ˺
ÿµֶΣôģǿߴ߷ģħ˼һ㾪ħ죡ȻͻƵħ죡

ħһŭаħԱˣĿǰʣ˵İħԱһ͵ͣͬʱħ
ɫȫըħȫչ¶Щ˳ΪˣߡƤ࣬һ֮£ʮֶġ

һȣͬʱŻɫâħԱͷڶâһȻһγһŴһ±Ѱħס
ֻһ㣬һ˶ĻɫȦɣͬ㾦һ㣬¡һ죬ĻǻһҶХ
ɫĻżΪǿĽֻһɲҶס
ɱ
ħһϲ͵طһȣֱ̧һȭƿնȭͷ֮ƺһͷħĻǣһķزͣ
ģ
ֻҶһȣؼʱתҶξȻһȭ·޻ϣһ㶼ûгĸоƺҶ½ûմϣ

Ҷ㶸ȻȣֻǻɫĻͻȻһϣ漴ȻըҹɢȥǰħոһȭûзӦͱҶһץס
ΪҵΪħ죿ߣЦ֮Ҷһһֻƺݺݵץ밵ħ֮ڣԪƬʹȫһɨգһŻȵ౻Ҷץ
ħ鴤£ŵĹâԵڵأ벻Ҷڵʮ꣬ͻħıϣħ졣
Ҫǣսϰλ޵ǿߵսѧɣΪҲһɳ죬ﵽħ۷徳硣
ôͰɱˣǻ֪˭ǣŮʣļħ֮󣬲ԹҶ
õģѾ֪˭ˣҶȻ޻صġҶ¶һĨŵЦݣͻƵħ죬ˡ
ͻͻͻͻ
Ҷ˶ȻͣµĶǰ
ԴҶǵ鿪ɽȫΪҳɢʱȫòȫֳ
ںǰľȻһ׵Ĺ֣ͻȻҲҵ͵˳
Щһ׶࣬µŨҵƺǴڤӳ˵꣬Լ壬˵ˣû˵Ϣֻһڤţ
ãڤ֮ȵĲֲõĸ׻綾գ֬ѩһ־֮ɫ
ڤ֮ȵҪֲٱ³һմȾǴܣûдĿܣ˵Ҷˡ
ڤ֮ȣⲻʮֻڤ飿ҶЩȡ
Ǳɽһǣڤ֮ĳ֣佫ΪһڤҲСЩڤ飬ЩһǵĻ˱ؽڴˣ
֬ѩĻ˵ĵȻֶΪη塣
ˣҶʦܣǧҪСЩһǶǽղ֮ɱһĨɥɫ˵ҲµĲǸ죬Ҳãɽһʦɣ
ʲôҶסˣǸڤ쾹Ȼʦãɽʦ
˵ϣ̤֮񣬲ʦ̤ĹУһȥڴˣɼĹĿ¡
Ҫڤ֮ȣҲһ׵飬Եڴ˵ȫӶᣬɣ˵½ߵľҪпٱΪܵ³ֻһǾǱɡһƿڤ֮ȣôгһգܽҴڤתˣΪʮ
Ǿûͨİ취𣿡Ҷк˸ӵ߳Ϊʵ̤ħ죬һ۷֮˵ħ죬ֻһ֮ң
Щš
ֻʱȴһöԲߣĻûκλᣡƶĵΪǿߣȻ֪ĿǰٵһС
𣿡ҶͻȻһЦǰʦΣа취ɵǣ
Ҷо˸Ѿߵͷˣȥȥͭ¯ɾǳԽĴڣĿǰҪı
ľˮʱգǧһ壬編򣡸ҿҶһ¾Ԫͷ׵Ĺâջ۵һ𣬻ΪһɫĹȦ˫֮Уǻâ

¡һը죬ҶȻ֣˫Ʋƾ˫֮ϣ͵һƣĿڤ졣
ֻƿ֮ʱڤ췢һǺһĺУȻ죬һ֮Ȼ˳
벻鷢ˣҶƾȻһӱסˣ
꣡꣡
ƾѵ漴Ȼը鿪һĻʮ־˿ֲ֮⾹ȻһںȥµǣǺȻᣬ˿־ˣ
⣬ôܣҶʧɫֻһֻҰɫȭͷ͵˹ϢֱӷĽŲ޿ˣ
֮
ҶɫʮѿĿֻȭ֪Ŀֲҵ壬Ҳͬƾһը
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˭ߣұնɱǣҶţ޾ĺ飬Ůһο
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һϴܣ֮ҶһĨЦݣȻһʧˣµΣҲˣЩ˷ܡ
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Ůɫһ䣬һ˼´棬Ȼһϣɵøӽ쳣ǿԷ˭֮ʱһĨŭ˷ܣ
ħĴߣܾˣ
ҶǳһĨЦһǹվһ򵱹Ī֮ƣǬеõһöԿףǴĹѨԿס
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Ĵ󵶣ǵǱΪıɣĿһͣһĨȵĹâ



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ҺҶѾʲôĴУŮѾֻʿˮ͵ȥ

һҪҶǵ̫ԵСҪƿҶ㣬䴥֮ʱʱ
һǶ飬һ˺ܾã֬ѩҲ׿Ůӵ֣ſҶϣͣ

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ŴУǴϹסӴ½Ĵ壬ֱΪңżңҺͳ̼ңҾڻȣ֦ҶïɾǿߣǬɵһʣһ塣
żǹԪһֻĹżǿߣֻʣ¹Ԫһˣֱ䣬żҴˣңһʮصң˴ԣڴ½Ͻ˵ͻҷˣǴ˵꣬ǿΪֹδֹ
ڳ̼ң¬һͭ¯ɾʧ֮󣬺һ壬λʼʵ˺ܶ࣬һֱҴֱա
ŴĴ壬Ҷ¬Ҳõ֤ʵŮ˶ﻳôʲôĴң
Сӣ˰ɣҼүҵϵӵܣҲǬɵһʵõܣʶľͿſүĻ
һҫӣңǴ½еĴ壬žԵĺҴ½ֹ½ǧĴ֮ˣȫҪڣʾ𾴣
꣡
ҫ֮ʱͻȻһ֮һ̣ȫסˣҪɱҶҲסˡ
Ǹ˫һţͻأŵĿҶ㣬ҲӴ½
һ飬ﲻǸƨڳҲùԹԵĸҹҶޱȸߴеʬһҵϣ
ʲôø£Ǻεȿ
УҲø£Ǻεƣһ˳ɵķˣɱˣˣˣǿߣߣСȾ£׳ţ
ĺ֬ѩ˸ݵСǣ˭ϣԼ˶أԼ۸ʱͦηǿȨɱķ
Ҳûǵ˲У

ɳ׿ˣѪ˫ʱµɱ⣬ڳҲø£ǺεȵĿ˾Ȼ˵˴治ĻµǣŴ½ǧ˵ģѵĲ´½Ʋã
¡
Ҳ˲࣬ͷϵȻ˳ȥµưѰȫѹˣҺô¥ܵľȫǾִģûб𻵡
֮飬ҲҷŹ⻪ҶƲһĨЦϰĶ
˵ţһֻ͵䣬һɲǣžƬȫֹˣĿȫֹ񱩵һ㡣
ҶĴ֣͸ֱץɣƼΪȴӦӲϾܵĻᶼûС
꣡
еȫը飬ɫţηȴģʱ䷨֮ǰûκηء
ֺݺݵסĲӣ漴Ҷ㶸Ȼһλ湫ӾȻͬ«һڵϴһ
ҹ£
һȣƬ¡¡ֱ죬ͨȻѹɵϣ޷ѿֲƣֱӽѹڵϣ
ߣҲ˵ҪȾָҵŮˣ޿ˡҶ˴ɱ㣬ȥһǸƨǬɵһʸҹץλͣҶһЦ⣬ģҰͨˣȥһͨˣߣȹڴ˵ҹɣ
ܴ裬ܴ裬Լ˱ŹڵϣµǣԷΪûߣֻħ֮



ʮ 

ܴ裬ܴ裬Լ˱ŹڵϣµǣԷΪûߣֻħ֮
εѣ޷ָһ¶ܣ
ңպߵ𾴣ɣҲһٮٮߣڱһлܣڣֱŹڵϣҪնδľԪǶôµ飡
۵һܲסһѪ
Ԫ֮ȡһ˿ҪɱħɼˣһȺҲˣ裬ǾŻȥҲûкӹ
֮飡ҶЦһиһףսһλԶ֮˿ʩչ֮¡¡ϡ
һҶһףһֱȻ˹ȥЩūͣΪֻҪ˭ϣǶħǿߣҶϣ
꣡
һ˪˶һ䣬Ϊҫ֮£ֱ룬µϢ˵ķ
鴤һ£ȻԼȫסˣ
ǡ
˾ȵһĻˣЩħǿߣǵ徹Ȼѿͬƿһڵϣˤˣ
ɲ֮䣬ǿߣȫѿˣֱֻһƬƬ;ԪƬҶһҲʧˣ
Щ޼ɵǿߣȻȫˣ
ʵ
ҪҶ͵һƣһ̺̫ƾڰлһֻצӣָ繳һץȥ
޾ԪҶУϸ֮£оȻ̺һöɫķ׭һСķᱮһС
̲סˣٶһѪɫҰ֮һֻץеСһʹڡ
Ҷһ泹չ¶ݺݵһƣɵоԪȫתͷ֬ѩʱ¶飬ЦĴۣΪħ۷֮
˵ţɸûһ㷴֮ĿԼľԪץһɾ֬ѩ֮С
˵Ĵ򣬾ԪƬȫ֬ѩڣһ֮С׭֮ʱλӣʱޱׯϡ
֮Ҷİ£һԵ֬ѩԴС
ۣеľԪȫɲǣһѪҪȥµǣɽѾ壬ûȥĿܡ
Թԣʮλħǿ֣գ۵ĹûˣǸɣ۷֮ĸ֣ͷֻ֮һ֮ң
Ҷ㣬Уħ۷֮սܺǿһսֲ¿군ˣŴ֮ףĻ֪кεʵǴ½ϵмǶ֡
Уٸʲôģ㿴˼Ҷ㣬ںʲôҲң˵ҪȡǬɵһ𣬺ٺ٣˼ˣ

ҶҶӣӹҹϰս뵽֮ǰҶһĻֽű
Ҷһָһһɵϣ۵һɵͻأһʹ֮ɫ
ɲ֮䣬ϣϣ̫ĹƳ棡ģʮֶģ˿һۣȫŻ
㡭ɱˡҡ󡭡㡭
ɵɫԽԽѿʶԽԽͬĵζʵ̫ˣоȫ¶ĳӣͣʳѪ⡣
٣ɱ㲻̫𣡸οһҪҴأֹƳȫɳɳ֮ʱܳ׽ˣ
˺һϣҶ֮ʱȫ¶η֮ɫ
ҶЦţתߣǿߣΪҲ֪ģҷһ仰ѣҵҪô
һ仰񵨲޵ǿߣٿҶ֮ʱƤֱԺؼ壬һɱΪ֮ˣǧǡ
ˣ̫ˣˣǷˣ֬ѩ˷ܵʣϰټ֮⣬ǧڵϽ𵤣ĿҶҲһ
ȵ¬϶ĻҲҡͷĻۣʵ̫ḻˣлᣬռΪС
Ҷ˵Ҳʵţ仰ɲԣΪͭ¯ɾǴ½֮أҲӦ֪½սҪʱĵҶ㣬һģ޶ģȫˣôȴ½ģΨһ;
ȻǵɥĲҶҲû취ˡ
ҲӦÿЩŬˣҸܵʱԽԽˣлᣬȥһȦЩԼȽϺãһսˣ뻹һ·ʤˣʱҵˣҶһɽĻᣡ֪裬Ϲӣôˣ
Ҷ⣬ŶŮΪ׼һů
Ϲлл㣡֬ѩͻȻɬĽһϹеҶĻŭţڸղţ֬ѩɹƲϣɾħ۷ǿߣҶһ
˵ģ˭ҵţȫ·һѩһССҷ֪ݣ̹£Ƕһ˿ԹԣԽҴɱɣӦллңҶһЦ
֬ѩȴǶһİۣɱ˼ҵֶҪлл㣬ǳԴˮˡˣˣ֪ڰοҵģ㣬ʲôˡ֬ѩҸҶĻ
ͻȻһѩʵ˵˳ȥؼһĲ˵֣Ļ͵Ŵ½ְɣĻѩòƾͲóôˣ
Ũʱ򣬿ɰæˣͣѡֱΪҶ㣬֬ѩ˳ֵ׼
ʱҲæǺ
ΪϰļҪҶүתƵ¥Ĵſڣ˹ۿϸܵĳȥһĻ֮
ͣүֻ֮ԽǽУԽˣµǣЩѾʼˡ
үģ㣡һλͷڳ֣ݺһȥµһĻˣλͷȻõŵź˼һѪ
ĳһ֮ʱһƬɫĹâҫ۵һһѪ屻ݺɿȥ
ɣֲƣѪӿѪ磬ҡҡ׹ʣһţֻоֲʹȴ޷ֹʹ
⣬⵽ʲôַβƣܣұĻҳˣλͷʩչֶͬΣһֻϢԽԽ
еһ˭ҲȥһĻȥұضţǳ壡һţ˲Ͻȥ
ſ챻ɶɣɫһƬȻļ£ˤڵϡ



ʮһ Ľ
еʮ˳Ҷ۵ʱ򣬾Ȼûһ˸̧ۣǿҶĿ֮ʱüΪ־塣
ԼչƷһ⣬Ҷ֣ڴ¥ıҶһʱ仹޷׽ʱսһʱ䡣
òŶŮиȥ
ܵܣڻˣҶ翴Ҷ֮ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫҶħҲ᲻Եܵܵ۰еʮֱŤ
ҶҲˣҶħŵ޷ססҶķ䡣
ף㣬²˳٣ھΪΪΪ֮ϸʱȣҶѼֱչĸ׺ͽ
ǧƷҩһԵĹ˵ڣҶھԪĸ׽ߵľ硣
֬ѩҲûţչֳ޾ޱδźʹӳߵľ硣
һһҹҶŻѾܵԼĲΪĸ׺ͽ֮ʱľҲƺҪͷֻ֮ϧȱٵǣֻǵõлȾͷ֮
ܵܣҵΪҵΪȻħ̫֮ˣ̫ˣҵĺõܵܣøǰҶ˷ܵסҶĲӣıСŮ
㣬ħ첻ǸʼԺһΪһ󣡡Ҷס㣬Ĺâ
һ۰Լ֮ˣԼˣҲѪ뵽Ҷ¶һĨЦݡ
̫ˣСʱҾ˵ҵܵǶصӺպǰ;Ҷһ˷֮ɫʱĿ⿴ĺ֬ѩ֮ʱ¶֮ɫ
ʱҶѾĸһ̸ĸ׵Ŀ⿴ĺ֬ѩŮҲ¶ϲ֮ɫЦ˵СӣҲҪΪʦף׵Ķģû뵽Сӵָ죬
ĸƺǰֻ࣬˵ᣬĶѩӣҲûɶ飬ڼҸӣ
ҶһԴ亹ƺת֮죬ôһṤͽĶѩˣҶҲʮָˡ
ףһ㶼ϣҽվһ𣬾һԽãҶЦ˵ʵҶϱֻʮ꣬ټܹһͬȾ׵һ㣬˸޷ӵĸס
ȥ˵ӵҾ죬ʲôģײģ֮أҶҵһ磬һһֱһһҲ縺俪֦ɢҶĴûУߣΪڸ㣬꣬һӣҾͲӣ
Ҷƺļˣһ֮ɫҶʱĸףʱʱϲ鱾ȥ棬ǸʱҶʮĴҶ㼸ΣŪҶЩԼĸס
ҶЦ˵ףĶѩˣ
ʲôˣ೤ʱˣ⺢ô˵ˣôΪΪأӣĴģ֪Լţ
Ҷ˵Ů˺ӣʱҶŵҶͷȴҶŮͶĿ⣬ЩȵĿҶ㡣
Сż죬ǻ֪أҶϽס˷֮Ҷϣ漴ĸװǰ˵˳
Ŷԭ˰˵Ӳٺ٣ҵĶӺ鸣죬ҲкöϱããˣǸô죿ҿ֮ǰƺе˼ҶϻĵЦ
ᵽӣҶһĨ飬ӣҲó˰ɣʱǻʲôϲأ
ףͱˣ
ããﲻģ㣬Ҳ£ʲôùҲһ°ɣҶ˵󣬵Ҳܹ𼸸ϱҶ˷ܵ˵
ҶϰҶ㶪һԣܵĺ֬ѩŮǰǸȫǺͻйص飬˵ĶŮɫߺ졣
ֱҲ֪Ҷô˵ģŮȻɬɬĽΪףһ׽еÿɲˣƺԼ˭ˡ
ҶһԺݺݵĴҶһ£ߣǳװˣȫȫĹˣ
ٺ١ҶЦЩ˼ƺ뵽Ǿ䣬ϱ˽Ļ
ˣ𲻺˼ˣȻ㶼ҵţԺͲýչˣʱÿ찡תʮˣҲˡҶ糤̾ϢһҲԽԽˣɲٺΪ˼ëƤС£ͺһЩ˽ҲǳɼˣҲкӵģӦʵڽ㣬㲻˾ͺá
Ҷ¶ʧ֮ɫɫҲüΪѿȴǿ˵
㣬˵ɶأô㣬һӣԶҰҵĺý㣬ԼʲôҲ㰡Ѿˣ꣬һӣԶֿҶһɫЩżϽ
ڽ㣬ΪӣԼȣľʹȥ㷭½ҲðѽһԲһ˿ء
٣û㣡ҪĸҰˣߣҶɫ𽥺ת׵СҶͷһģȻղ˵Щ̽
˵ĺοģҲҽҪȰģҪȥԺҲҪŻȥмˣ˸㣬ǾͲܹˣҶѵ
ҶЦͷץס֣㣬ģҶʲôɾͣ㶼ҵĽ㣬ҲһӵĽ㣡˭ҲܸģһǾ仰˭㣬ҾͳɱңԺ׼˼룬ҲڼңҲԼŮˣһҶ㣡ȻҲңĵܵܣ
ҶĿһᣬסҶ㣬ӵһģӦ㣬ԺҲʲôֻ֪ҵܵܣ㣬㹻ˣ
ܶӵһĽڡ
ҶĻҶһֻǵΪΪĵλȴδ뵽ҶеĽᣬһ֪һܴĽᡣ
ֱ˿̣ڰҶеĽ᳹׽⿪Ž֫˷֮֮ĸٶȱôа
ƺصǰҶ㻹ûʱǸʱ۰ŵܵܣûһ˿αĸ飬ȫУĸ顣
Դ֮һ˼棬Ϊλʷ㣬ȴδ뵽еĿദ룬Ҷ绹Ĳ֡
ˣˣǽܻû幻ɣѾ׼ˣ͵ǽأҶ˹ݹĵ
û幻أҺͽþûкúˣҶЦ˵ȴҶһİۡ



ʮ ֮սϣ
ʮ֮ѹͨٶ죬ȻսҪͨϣ޹֮ڴѾõķʴսҪʼ
ͨ˵ǬɵѾҪһ򲹰ϵλеһ
ھǰ߳Ĺһ죬ȥ֮չ䣬ڹĹʦһĻ˵ؼҵҲɱ
֮ɥ֮Ȯ˺ҺؼҷͨȫţҲǶ֮͡
㣬ĶѩմսҪСΪֲԤУƺΣս٣ҶüͷŮһ·ͨ塣
һ·ȻΣ߹ȴһɭֲĸоָоԲƽ׶ᷢʲô飬Ҷȴһ֪
ã֪ˣҲҪСİˣ֬ѩõݡҶ粻޵ĵĵ֬ѩĿǰݾΡ
ģֻҪһٰεͷؼҲ˵ʲôʱһѩԲõġҶ¶ЦؼҵķӦѾУʵǿᣬؼΣ
һˣһһ˵Ѿߵ˲ãɽϯϣ̤Ϲ̨Ĺ̨ǰЩЩ仯Ѿ˳ֻʣسǵܷܷһսֻ֮ʣһѡ֣Ŀǰ˾Żʣɽ˳˴ؼҿ˵Ӣֻʣ֬ѩһˣȴҶŮˣ۹ҲʮֵùʮʵʸûУҲûϳ
ֻʣ²ãɽǿߣ˵ôʶʮʵȫۼҶߣ
Ҷ㣬죬սĩգĽͻȻ˹һ仰ƮȻȥӰ¶ɭȻ֮⣬ҶƤһ³ȥ
Ľôڶ̶̵ʱڣµĳ̶ȣһħǿߣһĻ𾪡
ˣҪСĽƣ֪ΪΣϣҸеֲϢƺΪħ죬˿㣡ĵҶһɫüΪѿ
ȻĽΣܿЦ˳յ°ܷܽʲôˣοմܷĽ֮ʱ֪޷ɱȴһʧܵӣ÷Ľ޷ѵӰ
ãĶҪСģ񳯵һûг֣ҿǸʣλû񣬶Ϊ¾ڵңҲ˵ʤҪСΪϡҶ䣬֮֬ѩҶ˵ս
˰СʱĹ򣬸´Ѿǿ߼䳡ǿҪǩ˳򣬵һΣ²ҪˣΪʣѡֶˡ
սĻҶ㷢سǵһǿܷܷò¶ЦݣҶһݣͻȻ
һһλӣȹһΣºҶҲҵǷӣ飬ûȥǸŮͬһʧˡ
ͻȻ޾׵ӣɫ䣬Ц¶СѣҶһ㶣漴
һȹķӾλسǵһǿܷܷ
Ҷ㲻һλӣ֮飬һۣӣǷȻ˪ֻ˵һ䣬á
ȥƺ·Ҷһ;һֻèһ㣬ֻǿ߶ߵʩᡣ
ʱҶҲǲͷūͼһ㣬еԱΣʶԷֵҡ
λ޾׵ܷܷӿĿ⣬¶羴Ŀ⣬ĿʹǰһǱ΢ԱжȻը鿪ȥٿܷܷ֮ʱѾû˵ľԱū͵ĸоƽӣ΢΢ӵĸо
ʱҶѾԾ̨ԼͬģܷܷȻҲԾ̨һĻҶƤһܷܷ֡
ϾǰһĶ飬һ޷壬һ᳹׻
΢΢ſϢħĿϢһӵ
سǵһǿ̨ܷܷ֮ʱҲһ㶣漴ִٿҶʵɫʱЩף˼£ڵҶǵ˽ܣܷܷУ
˵ţתҪԾ̨ǶȴҶ
ţһؼӣǻ˵棡һؼҶ㶪˳ܷܷһ㶣͵ץס
ʶ֮࣬¶˷֮ɫ
лҶӴֺֻʱй棬СŮӲ֪빫ӵһɨܷܷ֮࣬Ȼ֪ⱾؼҪԣнҶϢȴôҲ벻ʲôϵ
Ǻǣֻǳ£Ӳؽ黳ֻҪպñǣҶЦЦ΢ɬһӵô˵˵Ҳû˸š
ܷܷ΢΢һЦɰС¶˳֮
һĻ̨겻ѣΪ򲹰һλҶ㣬Ȼս֮˵ʵĺ򲹰һλټһϵսĿǰ˵ܺһƴģΨλڹ̨ϵǬɵʣǣ
λǣû֪ճ̣ϲƫ棬иţΪʣǣ
Ҷһۿʱ򣬺ҫһ裬λʵȻ˾Ųʮ
Ҷڴսʮʰϵлߣеľ͸ҶУԴɱֲϢ֮˲
ҶҲ֪˶ٻߣ˭һϸߵͣ
˵ڱʳ֣٣û𣬶̶ʮգΪǣֲ֪ʲô̶ȣǰ˴Ϣ˵Ҷڴ¥սǿߣɣǬɵһڵõܣȴһбɽڵϣҹƵ£
Ҳ˵ˣҶʵ̫ˣ˵˹¾͹£ҹгǧĹƳ棬Ǿͷ֣޷ҡƣϵĹƳ涼޷ߣ˵Ѿ֪ͨˣ֪λǿߣǬɵһǿܷ֣
֣ΰɣλǿ߳Ǭɵһʣһ֮ûһˣ˵һλǿ߱QһºͻȻأһбնɱλµ쾳ǿߣǼѾ꣬治֪ڵڻкεΪҿһ֮ڣ֣һ֮˵׼ˡ
ˣˣʶˣƺҪˣ

Ҷ㣬˵ţΪħ۷֮ܺڵһǿ߽а壿ǿЦ֮Щ꣬ϵħ۷ǿҲ֪ж٣㣬վҲһ
ʳһЦȻԾ̨֮ϣӭ֮ǲٻŮ˧ӣи߳ΪС
٣ô˵Ҳ٣һ⣬ȫҵȭͷ£һ⣡㣬һСС쾳ǿߣ˲治֪˭



ʮ ֮սУ
ҶȻһЦޱȻԻͺƴ󣬶ȻһƬض¡¡죬̨Ҳһϸ΢ѷ죡
ԲѣʳһµĹâ͵һһȭɫĹâס壬Ҷ㱬ȫֵȥ
Ҷ㣬㲻ǴԲʾ̣λкεܣ˷´󻰣Ӣۣ
һǹڳǵУӲӵǹǶһöɫʯԪת֮ʱʯ⣬ͽӳΪʡ
ǹǹһ֣ǹǺĽǴɣһ֣ԣǹȻǬɵʣ򵥣̫ˣ
Ʋ׺ǹ⣬Ȼǹͷ󣬵ǿǹ֮ˣʱЩ㵣
̫ӣȻ̫ӣĻôת֣˾ȴһеģλǲǳ̼Һᣬ̫ӣ
ұ½̫ӣҶ㣬˰ɣڵĻ̹ҿͷΪҲһܷһ·㸺翹Ǿݹֱ̫ˣЦεϲɫ˷֮׹
̫ӣһСС̫ӾҪס֮飬ҲҷŹ⻪Ҷ㲻мƲƲ죬ǰݣȴǹȻ̫ӣҪǣ

ҶӶ裬ҲֻǶ̫ӵĳƺżΪأ˿ô᲻
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ǹͬһһ㣬һƿնΪֲϢȻѹ£Ҷζʯ֮֮ȫ𵴿
ʯͷ׷׳ѺۣɼĿ£ϹţԻ͵½ϵǿߣĴˣҲ˵ǵȱ
˵ĻԻͣǹһʯ֮֮ʱսΪ־塣
ǣǣǣ
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ֻҶһһԵľ޶ҶУ޶һ֮⣬ֱˢ£
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ҡΣγ״£âΪͷ£磬ҪѣѾΪͼ

ǣ˭û뵽һµĹһŸͷ­Ϊ˺ҧµƹֱ֮᳹䣡
飡
ֶȻײٶ϶ʱֿӿݣ滹ҪɵҺ漴һը촫һԻ͵ƶֱǵУֻƲһĨЦ
ߣ֮ˣؽǣıһӰ޴Ĵȼգͬһ㣬¡һը죬ǹ΢΢𵴣һΡۻĹȣ
ǡ̫ӣȻ̫ӣһ֣㲻ʲôһȻɨ޵У̻λ
ѵѾȥˣݻѰζҶ鷳ˣһɲôöԸ
ǵȻ쵱ˣ֣Ӧñ˸̫ڴ½ϵҪԣЩϼһҲҪüֱ棬οһëͷСӣҶ¾㲻ҲʷϣһʣǾĿԴɡ

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Ҷ㿴֮ʱֵ⣬ǿһ޴ıһ㣬˫۷Ź⣬˷֮
ˣ֮ǿߣһɣҶлߵľ磬аնȹ쾳ߣһ̫ӣһõսԼ
֣Ǽջ
ǣ̫߹ˣҶ¶һĨЦгһŴɫСӣӿƽ棬ʵ̺̫µ֮
֮ͨһǬ½ĻʯԴΪŨǣ֮ͨܣɣ
ǲײĲˣˣҾͳȫ㣡һȣ̺֮У֮졣
һɲǣг̨̫·ͷͷʮɵ׵̫̫࣬һ裬Хأ鳲漫Ϊ׳ۡ
еҶ㣬Ȼֻͳ׳ۣ˸һβɨ׷ɣ磬̨
ʵ̫׳ˣ̫׳ˣɨأɾֱգҲû˸Ҷ䲻ǧţΪϣ
̫׳ˣҶһ군ˣ֮ʱƾħΪɨʮλ쾳ǿߣڳǵõãҶ㻹ʲôϣʤ
ʱվ̨¹ۿķĽƺݺݵ߬סȭͷããɱҶ㣬ͷۣҲܻ
ģ֬ѩҶ¶ɫƣͽƳɣеҶ㣬Ǻε龰
ǣΪӮˣ̫ˣζҶ㳤Хһ嶸Ȼתڶ
һ֣һɫݺݵץסȭһңѪŽµѪͬͷˮһ㣬һȾҶĺɫ
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һΣֱѪͣȻѹȥƺҪҶ㳹һ㣡
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ҶͻȻɫһϲȻܣһɫݺݵҵһȥһŴɫСͻȻҶУ֮˳ȥ
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Ǵɫ޷Ŵ󣬶Ȼһ֣һ죬־Ȼһװȥ漴һţֵϵʱжϣֳǹֱĳһ漴ŭٻ֣ǾͬʯһҲûκţ
֣ҾЦˣҲ׸ҰɣҶ㳤Цһһץס֮ͨ飬һ죬˽ȥʱϣųƤ֣ʱήȥһ˲䣬㱻Ҷ



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ߣǾҾǣһٶܣҶһЦ֮ͨһ͵ʹ貵Ĺâӳղ񷣬µֱɨ
һΡأۻ봫񶦣â𵴿ǻ֮⣬һ֣ͽһס漴ѪɣɢΪһ߰׹ǡ
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Уʹǧ֮֮ͨ£Ȼûһ㷴ֻ֮ʩΪɳһǡ
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׽ҲΣҶ㣬̫ˣʱƹҵΣ쾳ǿߣȴնɱ㣬ҵҪʱʲôҿ񣡡
ЦʧѾ˽ǣʧ֣ĵһӱգǼţͷͰ벽ͷľ޴蹵лġ
᣿ٺ٣ôھ͸㣡գҶ㶸ȻһȣγμϣԱĻٶ̽һץΡۻϢ
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һȦµĻ֮ⶸȻס޴ɲ֮䣬չ޼Ƭ񷶼ֵúѹѹһƬһͻȻž
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ǵȻǱٴյıû˸˵ʲô˳ǻҶٺ٣²Ǵ󱦱һɽ󣡡
ҲҶĴ֮ͲõҪӹıǿ쿴Ȼʧˣ
ȥȻ֣֮ɨ֮ʧˣΨлٶ֮ͨ˸ȣӺˣ
ҵ죬˵ˣҶһƯûˣҵҪǸ񽻴Ҷһսʶʣǰ;
ǣȼǣԲ򵥣˵ĳλתֻϧǰûп˭ԸΪУŰΣǿжٲŰģʶʣĳɾ͡ɽʮ갡κһλǬʮʶҪ̫࣡
ʲôʮꣿǴʮŶԭʮ̫꣬˲ˣպɾ;һ㣬ǻץͽúã

ҵң˫ͻأѪתѪɫ˫˸е־壬ھһֻ˵Ұޣ˻ߣų޵ĹâҶ㣬ƺҪҶж˿飡
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װŪҵҪʲôϷҲܵģеһ˿µϢΪ쾳ǿߣ֪ܲƵ
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ҲǳǿֻŵԭҶͬվ̨֮ϣ٣ǵһܲˣԿֲ
ٺ٣ǣ㲻쾳ǿôôѵȹ֮ʱΪֵˣڸ·һ䣬̨ҹǬɵʵλԴ֮ңڶ·һͬȹҵõĻܱһպҪԲܣϲĻǾ³ˣ
ҶĻóɫ࣬л·ȴɥǾ֮䣬п䣬ȹ쾳֪Ŀֲ֮
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ΪʲôȻ٣е飬ˣȴ޷ȴͷ۵顣
һߣҶ磬֬ѩսѾǳɹռĻʺ֮λڷĽƣһˣͻȻħ죬ǻǱҶ仨ˮܶ飬ν䵽ʡ
̨ĿǰΪֹûսԻǬɵڶʣΨҶ㣬Ǹʱը˭Ҳ֪ܳ뼸ʣĿǰʶѾɡ
ҶҪŮɫţһĨ֮ɫϾҶ˵Դûпʼô׼
ǣһᣡҶкⱩֲĹֱ˵ķͷ־ĿҶһۡ
սսȻԽңܣܣǴʧɫޱȿ־壬ҪȴȴҶһץסԴݺݵĵ
̫ˣھҶȹļƷҶͻȻһѰסԴݹ࣬ݺݵĴ磬ӶһУ
ŴĴ̼Ҵˣɱң͵̼ҵϣ̼ҲŹģڻˣɫޱȿֻţһж̫ˡ



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ǵȻǬɴ޵Ļߣĸޱǿ֮λڶҶ㣬սĿãؽѪȷ磬Լ֤һȹһĿ꣬Ǹһʣڣ

۷׷֮ʱҶ͵شĿ⿴񷣬췣𽥱ΣݻһΡĸɽڹ·ϣǽѣ
վڴɽ֮ǰҶ㣬һλ޹ȥɽܺա
ɽ٣Ǵ˵еĴɽ٣ɽǿսǻۣԼЩ߱߱ģļߣˣ֮ˣȫ֮Խ˴ܵĴڣ
Ʋ׺һֵĵ٣Ϊη塣
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֮˿ԵֵΨ˳ӣ֮ˣ³ֻһǾǱǰֲɽɣһˣѻΪ˻ҽܼȥ
Ǵɽٵֲ̫ˣֲ̫ˣ˲Ȼʧɫ㱻еķĽ½ǬʮʣҲȴһ־֮ɫ



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Ҷվڴɽ֮ǰ˫Ŀտտһɽڣɽ׽ٶѻɣȴڿǰ֮ˣܷɾ͡
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ǰ˵ɽٿΪսǻ֮ǰҶһóǵԼǣΪСкһͷʨӶԿƾż͵˵ǣսʨɱԼ
ĿǰҪȹɽ٣Ϊĺ֬ѩΪҶҩУȴûǿΪҩҩ
ǣڴɽٸһֵɲǣͻȻڵصѰƬϢƣⲻҶãᵽˣ
Ϊ˵ֿʯ֮֮ȫչӲӵĹҲʮҶγһȦ֯Ϊ令
ҶͻȻ۾ӲӵĹԶȻһ˿ĺۼȻ׽һҶһ˷֮ɫ͵һָۼ
ڵĴŨԭͨķӣһ̣ȻһӲӵĹԣǷҲʹʮֹ
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˵һ㣬Ҷվɽ׺֮Уǧͬɽһ׽ٺݺݵ䣬˿̵Ǳȴ׽ϴøӼ̣Ժһȣ𾪣
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ѣɽʵֲ̫ˣǣĶûôöȹ

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һȣҶ͵ؼۿ˿̵֮һ㴰ֽΪױܳƣҪǣֻҪɽɽ֮һԾ̤һ죡
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Ȼһȭһȭûκλڣƻ磬ȴʵƿٵأʵѿ٣һȭ˵ʵ飬˵飬ʵ˼Ϊ⣡
ǣҶȴһȭȫأ̫֮⣬˵̫ǣһȭͬٵһ㣬ݺݵɽ
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ɽ֮ͻ˾磬ȹ췣õ˴ɽٵľ裬ɽ֮治˼飡
ǰҶӽ֮󣬽Ϊ£ĶҲǰһǸɱĶ󣬶񣬱ȻͽĶ󣡡
֪գӦͽںˣǬɵڶʣǺεȵҫ

̨ϣҲ¶ɫ˭û뵽Ҷ㾹ȻһٳǬɵڶʵĺβ˵ɹͻƵ֮ɹΪһͷ
Խ֮ҶжԹһʹǬһɥҲûа취ﵽ֮εĴڣҪٻɱȻķѴο˼ǬɵڶʣмС
ǻڽôͲʶȤˣ½ϣȱı㲻˲ţĲʶȤ˵ĻΣա
۹飡
ڸ飡
سǸ飡

ȫҡͷ̾ϢòһͷҶ㽻ãһĻȴҶҲ벻ģȻҲΪ
ããҶллǣҲвȫһʹãɽƽ̴ȵһ֣ҶҲֿ˻ΪÿһսֻҪãɽռе࣬պϣҲõô
ȫЦҡͷϾһβãɽռһڽʮ꣬ãɽڴ½ĵλɶҡ
ˣ
ʱ߸һɫĹâҫҪ򣬵֮ʱȻǬʮȫס
ڵԾɴڵһλ޷ģڶҶȡĳʧΪģҶ֬ѩĿǰǬ֮У˶Ҷһˡ
٣εĸģãɽһȫվ𣬶ƾȻӹ̨ˣסҶ֣һ֮ɫ
ããҶ㣬ΪҲãɽ⣬ãԺʲô飬ʦ㶥ţвãɽΪڷ絲꣬ԲҪģĴ󵨵ĸɣƼ˵ˣҲ㲻֪⹫ʦʦܣĸҵʦãǹϵϽһʦΪ
ҶмƲƲ죬Щλ߾гɼʱǻ߾ȫĺ׹ϵϧһд۰ͽ㣡
ȻְͽᣬҶܣҲϲԶƵĻǵ˵ͷ¶ĵЦݣƺһ
ģҶ֬ѩҲʮֲǳ֬ѩģʦϣؼǱһ˵ʲôٺ٣ʦֶһǳǰ;
ƽһҶĽͲδذ䷢ˣƽڽȥɽʱȻ˴ȥȡ
ţǧҪ̫Сǵƽ𲻸ˣʱĿǰһҫһ仰ķʽġ
ܻЩȴһҸ棬˵ˣƻĲðΣ˵һ
ҶмĿһۣͷĿתȥв¶һ˿⡣
һƽ֮ҲܼҰĻҲܶΰңһûʲôɼʱ򣬱ңΪľǽһĻ
Ҷһ¶Ц⣬Ƶ⣬Ҳ֪ģӴҲպĵƽ̣˵һ
ڲãɽҶ㻹ûʲô뷨Ϊһʵ̫Сˣܺ˯Ϫˮ
ҹʱ֣Ҷĵ߳䣬ͨĺɽ˹ȥͨĺɽ׷ĺɽͬﱻΪأûƽûܹɽ֮С
ߵͨİɽʱһͬʬͷӲϣ·ûһ˵Ϣĳ֣Ҷһ
Ҷ㣿߰ɣʬûһ飬Ҷͷת·
Ҷ㾪ȵǣԭͨĺɽ׷ɽһĿռ䲻һռ䣬һƽпռ䣡
гһʱ͵ڰһһƬӲӵĹâſտտΪҫĿҶֻоǰһ
ɽˮ֣Ҷ㾪ȵķ֣ԼȻУ
Դ˼ɾ
ҶֻʻݣΪǰһĻʵ̫ˣҪǣӿ·վһ֮Уͣӿ쳣
Ȼ֪Լνġ
ɣʬ߶һ仰֮ƮȻɣҲӰ
ʲôʲô꣡ιͷҶƵĴһ䣬ܹɾһֺ꣬γһ¡
ߣصıȻУ֮֮
ǣҶ֮ϣһ̣ѧǧ̫̫֪ʶȫһ飬˼
ʱһҶһʮ꣡
ȻַʽСΪĻҶͻȻһ㣬һ⡣
תԼľԪзʽʱֻȻʵĸо
Ǵеõսķһ̣ʮ꣬ĻҪտ
ҶһŬǱޣ˼һѧ̫ǿߵĸ־ѧȫó
䳤ʱţҶԽԽоʱ䲻ˣ
ԭˣԭˣҶ۾Ⱪ嶸Ȼվڣֻо£̫ˣ
һ̣һڳҲ̫˼Ӷרһרӣ̫⣡
̫ȴֳֽ֮Σ̫ĺ壡
ˣҶ㳹׶ȻҲڴ̤֮֮Ϊһľͷ
ǣת룬Ȼֶȹư꣬ŵ̫⣬ʮֺգЦҡҡͷ
а꣬治֪緢ʲô仯´սѱ˰ɣ
Ҷ㿪ʼΪʲôûһԥͿʼһȻһ꣡
ʣһ񣡾Ȼô̫⣬ֲݺᣬȻȻʵ˳ϲң



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Ҷ󳹴֮ʱͻȻһҶȻ̧ͷȥɫûںɽأôвϵЦ
ֻһӰ˳⣬˷ܵЦݣҶ֮ʱԽԽϲ
񣬵һϺõ񰡣˷ܴУȻҶϣֻеɲ⣬޷Ϊ
ҶɲͨˣϾǼʶܵͻȻ֣ǰھȻΪܲȡ
ǰǺˣҶ㣬СˣҶ㹧һ񣬾Է֪Լ˲֣Ƕǰûжߡ
ããֲŲǫ񣬻ǵ˽ܣããҲãɽȻˣź룬һЦ⣬ȻҶ㼫Ϊ⡣
ĻҶѾʶߵݲ򵥣ҶԲãɽֿ飬˴⣬õһ𰸣ǰͷţȴŻҪģ̫ϳϣ
ãɽƶȺһļƶȲһԼͬΪгɣﵽ֮ǿߣ̫ϳ֮УЩ̫ϳһԺڷǳ֮ʱܹзǳ֮£ؼʱ̣ŰŵȨ
Ȼǰûһ֣˵ΪƵߣһλ̫ϳϣ˵̫ϳеĵλܸߣ
СһǻᴧĦ˵˼Сһھ͸һΣԶçøã𾴣ǧ
ź룬һ֮ɫ˵˵ǧȴ¶廳֮ɫ
Ҹ˵һ°ɣ֮󣬾ͻ֪һ˵ǻ۸ǶôҪƺ޻֮У¶ɫ
ʦˣͬʱʦѧգˣݺᣬһɽţ㱻ʣһˣΪʽϲȴǿ£翷嵱һۣۣӦ֪ɿлһ
ʮȥˣݺ֮Уˮڴ½ҲǣѾˣһͬɽŵֵܣǸ۵ĵӣǣֹ˼꣬ʮʮսչ׼սе϶鱩꣬մţΪǿһ޼ɹˡ
һ죬ɵģսҪչͬǰյսһ㣬ǿ߷ӵƼڲãɽǸ϶һǿΪһŮˣչսҵǣΪ鱩꣬е˵Ȧףձ
ǸȴһȣΪߣħ֮˵ȴĿˣǸֵȥҪһݵͽ׹ȴݺݵһ٣ձߣ϶ܱʹҷĸ϶ھս֮ϣȴˣ
Ҷ㱻סڴߵġ
٣û뵽Ǹ۵ӣȻվǰһƣûκλεһƣݺݵĽܣ
ǸСãΪʱʹѾ飬Լİ˱ܣŭˣָ̨ۣڳԻƺİ֮˵ļһµһŴˣǸ۵ļһȴһֱɵվţûлڣҲûпֱֻͦͦվţһֱˡ
ӿȣ֮ʱǸСͻȻ֣ݺһƣ۵ؿ֮ϣݺݵĴɳȥʱ۵Ѫ֮סˣĿһչ˵СãۣܶܺЩŵһͬסûҹûԼֵܽãν͵͵ʡĵҩ͸ǣԼ᲻ãСãȻûκη֮£ݺݵһƣأ
Ҷһ˵÷߿ӣȻβʹľʮʹࡣ
ΪʲôСþȻЦ˵ǸһۣΪȥˣŵˣʱ۵ˣֵܲҲˣԼİСãҶٴΣڵʱ򣬶ȥԼı͸н죬Ҳˣǰ£Ҳˣܣ
ʱҡҡλεվĹâҧĳϡƽһƣһƣûκλڣͨԼɽƣһƷڷ䣬֮ģмһˣ۵ϣȴŹʣǸСúݺݵĴ̨ȥҲһսǸڰԼˣһԾΪһǬɵһʣ
߻˵䱯ʹֻСһ֪ǸЩô𣿺٣޳˸Ϊ붼ûɣҲ󣬵ȴ޳ˣ
ûеطõ˵·ˣûϡŹֲֵֻڵĲͿõͼĲͨɽ֣ʮʱ䣬һɽ֣κιȫᣡ
һɽ֣ҶѾȣһɽ֣ȻܴλǿߣõǬɵһʵıϡŹ֡
ȻСһҷ˵ǧʵϣɣ˶ʮɽ֣ɽ¯࣬ûôΪһϣܹ׼ȷʱ䣬Ųֵ仯һɽ֣ʤԭ˵һǧһ򣬱һ仰ɣֻɣǧеΪսʤǿߣ
˵ڳ׽ףɺǧ
ɲ֮䣬ҶʱȻʣʱ˷޾Ĺ֮Уϸһţ˵ڻأ
οһ˼սȻ˵ģǧսֶΣôӦðһżܣɣʱսȻԼαˡ
СһȻǿ󣬲˵ľսһ飬ͬҲʱ䣬̫ĶܿܶԺΪǣҪģĿǰ
лǰָ̣һϯʹҶéٿһ̫ࡣߣҶ㹧ľϹֿĸл
ߵĻУѾ³ߵˣʣǴ˵еĲʣʮۣһˮɾΰҵȻ¾ʷǰ͸ͷǲʡ
Ȼ꣬λǰΪĳ̤֮ʥ֮ˣȻȻԸ͸©Ҷ㻹ǵ֪ĺá
ˣȻѧϰĶҲô⡣ߵͷԴ⡣
ˣǰϰ꣬澿ʲô׺ɣҶĵȻ̫ĵˣˡ
СһռΪռ䣬Ҳãɽһ˼꣬治һ죬һ꣬治ȹһѣЦЦҶΪʮ⡣
ͽͷոҪ˵ֻߴһľ棬ֻܿЦҡͷͷ
Сӣþӣˣ׹ͷסˣѣʹҶͬͷȣǸҪþӰֵͷʱȥ
һˣĻᾡʧʱô̸Դ½ô
лǰٶȾһ̬ȼΪϡ
ȡõĳɼ˵ҲܵģǬɵһʣѾеĿ꣬ǣǧҪСʮǰȴ͸ҵΪ۷״̬ıʣ֪ǸڵĿ£
ȻҲκѹɵ飬ҲõģŴеĴ壬Ҳһ죡ߵЦݱʮƺŴĴ壬̵⡣
Ȼû˵Ҷ޷ʣֻ֪仰еУȻʼ˵ģһжΪ㶥ţʲôΪͷĴ󵨵ǲῴԼɵСӱ۸ģ
ʵĻҶ˼ŴĴң½ûһ£ǲƫƫ˵һ仰ܲ˼
ŴУĴҶ㶼֪Ψ⴫ϼ壬ȴһ㶼֪˵һΪصļ壬ʵĻʱ뵽һ˼ͷ
⴫ϼĪǾǲãɽĽߵļ壿ƽ𵽵ʲôҶ㲻֪˵ĸһ棬˵ֻһҲĸڲãɽλʵĻãɽ²򵥣˵ҪеĴö࣡
Ҷ˼ֻʼ˵һαӦøؾĻᣬֻϧؾЩ⣬ֻڴ˵꣬ؾ飬ֻӺˣȻҲһ˿иΪҲãɽɲǱϣŵӺŵ֣֮ӵӣ
ͻȻ˵Ҷȴһӵӣ嶼Уÿһһл̳峤峤ܣǾͳΪһ̫ϳϡ
ӵӣѵʦ㲻𣿡
ȻǣҶ㣬ΪΪ𣿺ٺ٣úܣǲãɽ㲻֪飬ֻ̤֮죬̫֮󣬲֪ǲãɽܣȻҲ͸©㣬ãɽӵӿɲֹһ˵һȺÿһʶ㣬Ϊǿ㣬в㻹ҪСĴڣԣСһĸŬˡ
Ҷ㾪ȵķ֣ԼѾԴˣȻһƬȺɽʯ֮УʵĻһ˿Ȥ
ӵӣǲٺ٣ãɽ治򵥣ȴֻŴĴңаɣǲãɽĴʼˣʲôأҴڤһ̽ĻᣡʱʲôӵӣƨһĴڣΪߣһǿ𣿡
Ҷ㵭ĿһۣĿתĲãɽ¶һĨǿߵĿ⣬һ죬վ۷֮ϣɽµķ⣡
ˣӭҶ磬ҶʧһһҹȻĵòˣҺͨ±ˣĻŮ˷ǰɽɽַ˲ɡ
ǿҶ֮ʱͻȻŤӣ䵭ߣðΪǿˣǹܲˣľģһкô򣬺ٺ٣Ǭɵڶʰ˭ǰ㣬ҪҲñ˰ɣ
ŽԴģҶٺЦǶãЩ̱Ľ㣬ΣϽ͵Բ㣬ǵˣǵʱҲ˵ƽҲҲӰ
ģ㣬Ժ˭ģƽ˵Ҳ㣬𣿡ҶҶֱۣЦ˵
ˣˣⲻͱˣСԶˣܵܽݣҶϺݺݵŤҶһ¶䣬ŭҲǣȥ߼һһĳȥˣһΪʲôأԺһҪȸ˵
ҶȻæĵͷĿɨģ֬ѩŮŮԴɬһȥŮӵĺˡ
ߣݣ㰲ҵĵãĻ˯Ҷ翴Ҷ֪Ī㣬Ȼ֪Ҷ˻˼һڣвҶ



ʮ ڤ
Ҷ̣ĺ֬ѩҶһսȫջ࣬Ҷ֮ѡչأһ֣ͬ̽һͬ
ֳ棬Ҷõ뿪˼Ҳ㣬ȻҪиĵġҶħ£չŮ
ΪҶ̤֮ԭҶħΪҲнһͻƵħ죬Ҳ֪ȻϰһħһֻޣޱıûУǶ챦һֻıӡ
Ǳӵǣ£Ҷħõֲ̫ҩҲϾҪ׼ǰһ졣
ҶħͻȻİҶ˳ȥ˵ҵǬ½ıԴʮַḻǿıʱ䱾ԴͿռ䱾Դ
ǱԴɲýһ׵ĺڶǺڶ֮УʢıԴϢ֮Ũ˱ǵҩ㡣
ֻϧǱԴĳλôͬͭǽһβҶħҲ̽˼Σֻθա
ҶħǴҶһ𣬶һ˫꣬һŬͭǽڴƣõеıԴ⻰ҶûҶħѾĹȻħԣʲô鶼룬Ǭ½ıԴȡλȻ飬οǾõˣŶûһڣͱǿǿ߳Ĩɱ
ıܵóѣȻҶԱԴҲʮ˱ԴΪûκ⣬ҪǣļѾˣҪƷʣΨһ;ǾǱԴ
£Ҷ㽻޵⣬λ棬ѰңֻҪҵԴҶһһѶˣ
һ˳֮ͨ飬ٶȽڤǵڣһαڵеһڣõϾ쵤Ӷʹӵ̤֮Ǳ
һΣһ̤ڤ֮ʱȻֵ϶̫ʬ壬˵غȻһ޳
ﵽ׷ʲôѪ·ѪȾأѵľ֮ſˣҶ㶸Ȼʧɫɫÿֻ֮
˵ʵڵģлȪκţֻ̨أʮʮλɲͨˣǳԽ֮Ĵڣֻ֪ʱ꣬Ƿ񻹻ţ
Ϲţڤ˼䣬̫˵ǱΪеһԱӶޱ׳Ҳ̫ǿڴ˵ء
½ҵʱ䲻ˣҶɫԽԽأϹƬϹŴս֮Уڤȫ˼䣬͹Ĵų׳
ħ绹ȫţ̫ǿ뽵Ǭ½ʹô½ңսձԣʧȴ˹
ڤﻹƺʲôʹǰ˼䣬Щʬ壬ܺߣ˭أҶĿ˸ֳ֮ͨ飬ڤ˽ȥ
뻢ѨɵûӣȻˣòһѾǧ࣬õ֮ͨ飬ûκ塣
Ҷ㼹ɭĸоо̤˵֮УأɽҰֲǿ޹֮Ҷ͵Ծ𣬺Ȼ̫Ĺһ˹һĻΪֲ
͡
ɽҰҰҶһָһֻأеĹȫʱ߷һָڱԴͷ򣬲
ȻղʵĻôһʱ䣬ϸбԴεʽȻѤöʣδսķʽ
Ҷ㱻֮ȻҲ߷Ԫչһ֮ʱлεʽȫʡԣֻչֳԴһ棡
۵һ֮ɲ֮䣬Ȼֹͣµȫȥ
ףЩľǿƺඥһ㡣ҶͻȻ֣һͷͷ鿪꣬ޱǿ˺ѿ˲䣬ױȵܡ
գ
ȻһָţԴȫץסһָֻһ㣬ıԴʱ֣ǿҪԭ򣬱һ˿֧ţ
٣򣬷򣬿Щ򵥣ЩҪˣҶ˷ܵĴһ͵תһţһͬ˿˿Ȼſ
·ϣɽҰ֮ϵй꣬ȫһŴ޶ס֮Ҷ㷢Լķڲͣǣɫޱ˷ܡ
ȻˣﾹȻǧ򣬾˭˴ֱʣ֮ͨסƬ񷣬еĹ»Ұ޴ӣֻĿűҶɵ
תΪǧ򣬳Ϊһ֣Щ֮ܵϴӣĻȻһ̣Ȼ
ֻϧٶǰ벿ѾɹǺ벿֣¾ڹԪ֮УҶѰң֮ͨУûһռȷϣпܾڹԪ֮С
ΪԪϹţųƶ౦ˣ̫챦ȫޣֱʧ٣һ汦һöԿףռıȫǹԪ֮С
ֻҪõ°벿ٶһֵĽҲҶδϣ
ʮƬ֮ͨƬΪʲôһѾܵˣǾƹض֮ʱͻȻ䲻أҶüͷ΢壬˼ΣȴûһͷԲٶȽڤеõһЩԼꡣ
ڤȻ˵ôбȻǿĶЩûʵ壬Ȼʵ壬ΪﵽֲĵزҶеĿꡣ
ǺˣҴڤѵǲ𣿡һ涸Ȼ֣ȵͬըһ㣬ݺݵҶͷ䡣
ߣ࣬ûɽҰʬ㻹ҽĪǰڤظΪһţͷɫӿֲ֮֮ʱֻţǲͣҡΡ
ţţͷ棿ٺ٣񻰴˵٣ֻϧ˼䣬ֲҶһȣ͵ĳһֻ֣ݺݵţͷ˵Դϣ
꣡
ֻţ΢΢һ漴ըѿţɲǼ˳ȥƽ󻬣·Ǳиȥһ㣡
Ҷ۾ɱɫŵţͷңڵϣͷ絷⣬
ȻһﲻڻˣΪֻħ֮Żһǿ߻ɣľͷԲơ
ߣǣ㵽ǴӺζǵҶȤϴ̤˵زӦûߵĴڣǰĴ˵Ӧĳ֡
ԵҶ㷢ŭɫСŵͨһڵϣϽ˵ͷүү㣬ϸϸ
£ţͷ潫֪һȫ˵˳
ԭڤƱڤҪ׷ݵԶˣʱ͵˼ȫģǴս֮𣬽壬ȫߣ԰ռ½
ڤʮǲԶŵһսǰ̫ܵˣȫûظȫˣֻعһֻص˶ߣȪһλȪߣκţҲκˣʱĵظֻʣһֻ̨̨ڲ֮Ҳ鿪
ϢڤٶȽ٣ĿǶǵĵ̣һΣٶȴܣǧǿ߾ڴ½֮ϣһΣʮĵսλˣڻȥãҲˣֻʣдǵƼأΪԽԽ˥ˣձ˲ţҲ御
Ǹʱ򣬵ظڳս֮У̫Ϊ֣ûͳһʹڷֱ״̬תơ
֮ǰһλԳʮմӵľĴٳ֣ƾǿʵɱϻλΪظ֮ת˹ĿƣɱĻ̻̣̫֮ˣȫ¾Ĵ١
ʱĶʧ٣˶٣ʧ٣ֳ٣ֱڣڤھٵƹܡ
һν˼ҪָߣǾٵӣڤŵǿУڴˣڤΪϳڴ½š
ڤʲôˣҴʵҶĿһĴ٣٣٣٣⼸˻е˼
ͻȻĳһ뷨˻᲻ͬһˣǵΪôӳֱǿֱòƶûκٳ֣ʹʧʱΪȫһҲǣٸǣѵɺ
ڤͻȻ֮䣬ţͷ˵ȻֹһŴͷ­͵׷ɶһĿѪȻޱȡ
ʱңѾ뵽˭֣δͷ֮ʱֻоһһɿµɱᴩ塣
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һ۵ǿ߳Ҷ֮Уɫ䣬ǴаȵЦݣٶ֮죬ȻҶ۾ɼΪ֮
ڤҶĿһȻ겻򵥣ƻţµȻΪ뵽ţͷ˵ʱһ
ңҶ㣬û뵽㻹ڤڣͳаȣƵĹâ֮£ԵüΪ¡
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һĻҶʧɫٿڤ֮ʱ¶һĨɫס֮ͨ飬ǽڤԿף
ڤҿ㻹̫߹ԼˣתڤҶǴŲмЦ



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һĺڵڤУڤԪɢȫ֮ʱһĹ˸âӳյĴ׳ڤϣ
ڤ֮ףҶһ㶣ڹĹбڤ֮ȳǣϵףĿ˸֮ʱȻһڹ˸Ρȳǰڤ֮ȣ
ţڤ֮ڤ֮һɲ֣ڤ磬δܹڤ֮Ϊڤ֮֮һＸʮ꣬꣬ǧΪ
ǰڤյһڤ֮ȣڤбһǬˣô֮ͻƵľ硣
ٶȿڤ֮ȣҶһĨľâ֪ܹ֣ܵõ׳Ϊﵽһµĵز
ߣû뵽㻹֪٣ֻϧҪˣڤ¶һĨЦ⣬ɫһһɫĹȻ¡
һڤԶȻɣͬһڤ֮ʱȻһ漴ǹУҶݺݵѹ
ãҶɫһ䣬ζȻ˶ȥǷڤѾѹһ˵Ļᡣ
ҿ
Ҷ¶һĨЦݣ̲֮ͨУͬʱһȭȭɽ¡һը죬ݺݵڤϡ
꣡
ڤ΢΢һ漴ըѿҶ˷֮ʱȻһڤѹɫ䣬ԭڤֲһƬӰ˭벻Ӱܷӳ˿µ
ҶСӣ׳ɣڤȻһȣŲŲƣŲվڤ֮ϣⱩǧʩչһϣ˵ֶεǿ
ˣˣˣ
һһһģö޼һһһһǧͨȫʩչһͬѹڤ֮ϡ
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׽٣ҫۣ˸оֲǣڤڤֳ֣ķز鿪

һȣҶ㱻ѹҪȥɫüΪѿԼ壬ԼĿƣ·Ĵڵ֮С
ǣǣǣ
Ҷ嶸Ȼѿڤ֮壬ûԴ黤壬Ѿը
ˣ
ԴɢĹâӳסƬ񷣬Ҷ廤סڤ֮ûй磬һȾıԴҶĿܱͬˣ
еֶΣЩ߹ƣ
ڤһǧ׹֮Уڴ֮漴Ϊһ̣һǿ֮С
ڵ֮У̫ԩ꣬Ҷɱ̫ǿߣڶԩ꣬˺ҧ꣬Ҫ׸ѣը
ͣ
һǿСӶȻҶ֮УҪĿȨ
֮дڤ˷ܵĴƺ⸱ˣ
ȻǺһѵ껹壬ʶ֮ѡȻһϺõĶ¯Ҷ㣬ӽԺ͹ңŮˣڿʼҲҪң
ڤЦ֮ΪҶ࣬һڤ֮ȣڤۣ֮սҪǿ̫࣬οڤѾǧ꣬һС꿪ʼתֻأֱ죬ʦָ㣬̿ࡣ
һҪҵһʵ¯תˣֱ죬ϣܹˣ
ã̫ˣҶ㣬ųȥɣڤһĳЦԴɢԴ龹Ȼڲ֮࣬ڤ֮У
ˣͣ
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Ҫ־ļⶨʲôƲķɢǧԩ֮УҶҲʹȴٶȣһԼıģֻҪס˱ģ¹ԼͳȨ
ȫǻŵʱ򶼲Ҷ֣˸УҶһһ̣ٶľĳԺ֮УγһɹΪĺܣ
Դ鱻ҶǷһǧԩȫն飬һ̣ͻȻ˫ŴĿĹԶȻ
ӳڤۣ֮۶ۣǿǿ
ڤ֮ۿɲһıϿ꣬¿ܹ꣬ҳÿ˵ԩծһþ񹥻ֶΣִﵽ⣬߽⿪
ͣͣͣ
һȻһڤתڤԼڤ֮ܵҶڣ棬ƾһڤ֣߷ڤ֮۶Կ
𣡡
һd֣ҶͷһӼϣ貵ڹ⣬һ
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ҶһȣһˢڤϵӡȫһɨգȫҶС
ڤҪռҵ̫ˣȻҵ壬ôҲãͳΪҾ׳鵤ҩɣ
ҶЦ˵Ѿܵǿڤ֮۾֮⣬Ѿ壬һѣȴڤһ
ܣôѣԩծôһ鿪̫˼ˣڤһֻ֮ɫ
ڤ֮۱ܴ߷ԩծҪǣЩ˶Ҷµĵ¹ծӦþס
ڣҶ㰲ȻûгҶ磬ռ壡
ü͵Σҵģ˭Ҳ޷赲赲֮ˣ³ֻһǾڤݻǧͨͨȫչ֣һŤڤ֮Ƚ֯ΪһƬ磡
ʱһŴɫӶȻǱҶڣµһУڤеڤ֮һӽס
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Ҷ㣬Ҫõҵڤۣ֮٣˽ڤڤ֮ڤ֮ױõʩչͨķѴԪעһĽڤ֮֮ϣڤĴЦȻһײеĹȫըѿ
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һ֮ϳһӣ죬þԪһƬԻ͵Ĺȣڤ赲档
ߣҵҪ㻹ܸ翹ʲôʱ򣡡Ҷһȣ͵ؽƳڣڤ֮ϣ

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ԲһĻڤ˳ǰǣڤ֮ۺڤ֮ȫΪҶսƷ
̫ˣҲΪһְɣ



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Ҷ㶸ȻһȣһţһŽɫĹסڤϣ͵һ漴㴫ڤĲҽ֮
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µڤ֮˹ȥҪ֪ڤ֮ȿ֮һʧȥʧȥ˱ϣҶץߣ

ҶȻһЦһһǻҫĿĹʶȻ£µĺڶɲ֮鿪

ڤһ־֮ɫҪץأʵ̫ˣһ߷бͬըѵƿֳ˿˿мըѶ
𾪵ǣЩڶȻҶһȫΪ̲ıȻеҶ㣬Ѿ׳ɳ
һץеĹȦȫըĹȦ΢΢еڹȫѿڤϵףҶһգȫߣڤɫ䣬ȴΪʱץסӣ
ѣƾҲռҵ壬ʵ̫ˣҶЦɫǲм֮⣬ݺһץȫҶڣеݻһĳˣ޳ݣ絶գӺҶһģһһĳ˻ΪҶֵͬܡ
Ҫǣֻɵľ޴ʧѾֲ̳̫࣬ҲΪҶԺܵľ磬˼ʵĻ
Ҷ㣬㲻úڤԽԽ˥Ұ׵ݱ͸һ̣ĳһ꣬ҶҪɱֻҪһָһ±ܽ顣
ֻҶлɻЩеķ򵽵ǴӺζ˭˴ֱʣҶҪ֪ġ
ڤǲܿڵģĿǰֻһ취Ǿѻ꣬Ǹѻ꣬Ҷ㻹ǵһΡ
Ҷ㣬֪ˣ㲻ɱңҪҵļõҪ֪Ķˣش֮ͼһ𣬲ˣڣѻ֮βôڤĹЦ
ҶһȻһԲҪڤȻֹһ˿ҵҲȻը鿪֮
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һƾ贫һΣֳ֮ͨ飬ҪΪڤˣ
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Ȼ٣ӦȫռڤﵱӪûУЩηڤڡ
Ŀǰ˵ֻ֮ռڤΧȻҶȴ֪ˣΪڤļȻֹ
ȻǱĨȥˣĨȥ֮ˣǵˣһӿµĴڡ


ץ֮ͨ飬Ҷڤ·ϣеǿߣȫҶնɱ̳ͬʱͻȻ֣ƺòЭ
˵Ϊ󣬿˵һƬ½ȣϵͳҲ꣬׳֮壬˵ͷ
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ҪдۼҲټ׳ȥ¾㲻ȥҲűҵ壡ҶóһۣѰһӵдۼĵط
֮ͨҶеǰƺһżҲһϹսзӡĳλǿߣڼݺȥĴۼһеһУǵĻУõļϢ
Ϊ֪浽ʲôµĴڣǧΣȫˣʱ䣬ڴΣγɹȴóͬĽۡ
Ҷоֲ̫ˡ
УüӿŲˣôֹͣ꣬ҵ껹̳ҶĿ˸е꣬Ȼ

˵꣬ûȴʼǶô˼飡
Ҷ̫ȣǼ£Ϊһ첻˵ΪûнĹıĴҲǳҲȻܣΨһڶ彫ը鿪
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ڸȴ⸮һռ䣬һԽܵĴڣٵķ磬ʹ½λ涼ƽеĿռ䡣
һʯţСһߴĳţȻʯȴĵط滹ʺѪҺѪҺܾ꣬ǰʺ죬롣
ѪĴţѵϹսԣϹսѪͷˣ裬ڳ֮УȻֻǱ·ʴģûսĺۼȻѪ
ŴĿĵѪҶɫûս֮ͨ飬߬ŵָҲ
ѪѪҶ㶸ȻȻתȻⴥĿĵѪսģһѪ
ѪҺΪ˵һ׷ܲǼ֮£ȴһ˿һԻǬ½ɼ¡
ȻѪˣʲôڣ
һˣҶɫüΪѿҪˣǧ࣬õ֮ͨûˣԼһ·նɱһжû壬챻ˣΣ¾ҪɥȪ



ʮһ ֲڤ
֮ͨųҫ۵ĹâɫĹߵ۾â˸Ϊֲһ˿Ĺӳڰ߲Ĺųϡ
䣡
ŷ򿪣ϵѪƺǻˣʵŻ֮ϣγһȦᵽϣһĻҶš
Ѫѵ޳ʶҲҪ֤øߵľ磿ҶסˣⴥĿĵѪҪʲôֻоͷƤ顣
Ŵ򿪣ڤڸڳҶ㲢ûоֱ̤Уǽץĵ꣬ȥһ̽

һͷڳȥһɲǣ㱻һɿֲѿ䣬ȻһѪûе䣬ֱɥ
ڶͷձҶӽȥҽжûзҲˣһһΣҶɫԽԽѿǻΪŻѪ·ڳЦҶһ㣬ֲЦ
Ҷһ亹죬󱳵Ѿ亹ݣɿ쳣顣
ճһֿ߲ܳڿʵΣΪڸֹܹܶͬʱõ䣬Էˮܹ
ǣ˿̵·һֲ¯֮УȻûп棬ȴҲܵɿ쳣ζ
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УֲҵģôӸҪ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬һסҶ죬һĨ඼ˣϽߵһ˵Ľ䡣
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ӲмЦЦ˴꣬ûһӡҲ֪жٴΣͲ˵Ҳ֪˶ٱܲ
ˣڤлԣﵽʲôطҶˣͻȻǴĿĵѪҺɫ˲üΪѿ
λɱģڤеˣ
ãƺһֲ֮Уڤ˭ģΪʲôҪУΪʲôҪ֮ͨ鵱ԿףǹԪĵⱦĳԿףѵ߾ǹԪ
̫ҶҪȥõ棬һжŪףһͷһ⵶ӣʱɥȪĿܣ
ӣȥԣҶ仹̳ͻȻãԣԼЭΪϣ
һˣҲ˺ܾ˰ɣһЦҶչֽǣһƬס֮
ķҴ£һǾĵɣȴһȺûκʶʬڤ˾סš
Ҷ㣬·ߵһ䲻۵СӣⷿûɣǴµıԺȣȷԵ̫ͻأˡ
ǣһָǸУͻȻ߳һˣĸߴһѱģҶ֮ʱ¶֮ɫ



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ҶĿۣȻִ߳ˣȻǶ겻ħĹ֮УְҶ㣬ҲΪ̨
Ȼһ𣬾Ȼû뵽ڻټ
Ҷ㣬û뵽㣡ħҲʮָˣƺҶ㣬ڿϣҲڴ˵ؼˣΪЩͻƣǿһ߳ڤˡ
ףΪħȻ󾪣ҶΪ֮ʱȻΪȻﵽǰľ磬һ죡
һ꣬ħֱҶЦħΪû̫Ľֻ̤죬ӲΪ
£ǺһҽеڤУҶ˵һ´ƣ˵겻ѡ
ȻҶĵģȻڤİԣԼоֻҪǰ֮²򣬿±ԼΪгͳ̶ȡ
ȻڤоԲһĵطһλϹڤ񿪱ٵһռ䣬ڤ͹ѹȴһѹҲˣʹⷽڴˡ
Ҷ㣬ֳ֮ͨ飬ӦøܸܵĲռûһĲԺκһᲢۣħĿ˸˵ҲΪⷨʺϣ࣬һ̰ͼڤǵķȻͬױһڤˣ
ԣҶȴһ㶣ɫЩѿΪͷ̫꣬ڶһȻЩ̫ࡣ
леڤѾϴȥһǵþ쵽֮򣡡Ҷ¶֮ɫ
ħʱãϹĳλת֮壬֪ǳ࣬˵Ҷڤ˸˽⡣
˵̫̫һţеۺ壬ŷ״ԣҽУŽ񣬴ء
ѵԾϹ˵ϱҶˣӼᱮ֮Уõ˹ڷ˵ļ䣬ְֳԵģҲΪӷ˷ᱮѧãŵõ˰ͼҲǺڵ
ȻͻȻ֪ڤеһ˰ԣܲȣǼΪԣпܸһõĻᣬһıϡ
٣ǰһȷǽ糿ȷˣܰѰݻΩΩФģΨзһ˶ѣħͷҲڰ֮ǳŵ֮䣬һϡ
ֻϧȫе˶жˣǿ²ȥ򣬷벻飡ħҡҡͷȻҶͷ
ˣ٣Ȼа취ܹǣڵѾˣЭҵ壡Ҷ㽫Լ˵˳ħͬʱ󾪡
˵󣡹ֲٶ˿ֲԭ㾹ȻԼƴӾȵĳͣĵҶ
Ҷûֻ֨εЦЦڤֻ˵һԼ꣬ûպöȣʹǡ
ãȻа취ǾȥɣȥͺˣħͷӱԹҶ㣬ڤе˹ȥ
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ӣȥɣѾܵԵϢˣҶͷʾ»ȥΪ˵ʵ̫Σˣӵлڤеڤ˻κβ
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һصİתڰ֮УŽɫĴĿâյأڽɫ֮УΨһ㣬ܵڤȫܹƬأƺâǵϣǳڴˡ
һԣҶ߽ʱ򣬾͸еŨҵ̫֮⣬֮ľ壬̫
֮ε״չ֮Уڰգɢ⣬̫ϢҶӽʱ򣬱㷢еѾٷ̳
ȻţҶ㾪һг͹Ȼ֮ϣֻ򣬱Э֮࣬ͻƵһ硣
̫̫Ծֻ̫̫һ֣Աתֻһ֣
Ҷ⣬֮䣬Ѿӽ˰Եɲ֮䣬һɽסԴ΢һҶʧԭأ
һ̣Ҷɫ䣬ȫչֳĽ±֮ӹᴩһ±ѽɨ
ٶȳڤ֮УԼûԡڽ֮ʱҶʱһΪʵ̫ˡ
һסҶ㻹ĺ±ʱ֮УԽϹţʱҪˣԼٴγڤУҶ¶ظЦݡ
ȻȴھĵطȴǽⷶΧ֮ڣ
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һμ䣬ӵ̫֪ʶûȴҲҶ̵̫塣
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ͻȻ֮䣬һֲ֮Ҷ㶸ȻһһɿֲϢǰԱױȵĹԣǿֲ֮ѹȥ
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λһӴܷɶϱױȵƣǵжһǹȻһĿĹâԵĽ÷飡
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ߣӺħͻȻ֣һסҶ㣬ȴ
ħ˵㲻ҪˣԣԶ޻ȫˣ㻹վѵڵ
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µ˵ϻһĿֲΣǸɵĹһеģӱӦúܴŶԣƫƫһΣηˡ
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ĿǰѾһƿҶڰ֮ǰһ꣬ΪҲκδʵսսԼΪ
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˷ֹЭҶħԸˣʬ壬µϱУɣ֮赲סĻϲڤˣ
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²˳٣ˣλҲҲһ֣Ҳ˽ˣеľʬ壬ҶҪǱȫõȥϣԽԽãҶ
˳˻ʬۣò̬ڤһ޶֮䣬ûʶһ㣬˶սķ£
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׼ᣬҶͻȻ˴۾˭죬ֻһڤһ˵壬ˮƺҪɵ

Ҷ㶸Ȼһȣһֻƿ˹Ʒ·𱻱һ㣬ɭȻͬʱʮִ壬Ὣڤ˵廯ʬˮ
꣡
ڤζȻһͣѿ漴ı˿סգ֮䣬ͻΪһ̲ʬˮһ˵ʬ壬üٶ봢֮С
Ϊһսʵ̫ңҲ֪˶١
Ҷٶȳ죬Ӷգ۵Ĺ򣬱ջ˵ʬ壬ĶȴһȺŹŹֵڤ˶סˡ



ʮ ڤ֮
Щڤ˺ͨڤ˲һ鲻رӲ˸ŵľâȻԼʶһ㡣
ΪҶӶ˵ʬ壬ѾǸסˡ
ãҶ쳷Щڤ˲öԸӼͷãĸҶ㴫ҴһʶǹЩڤ˵ļ䡣
Щڤ˲ͨڤˣڤˣΪ˵ʬӶ򣬺һ˼
𽥣Щڤϵһ𣬽һа̵ÿս֮ʱŻ֣˵ʬ塣
ȻƽʱʱȫƬµɭ֮УðΣժȡȻɱˣ
Եа̵ڤ˳ֵʱ򣬲໹ڤȫ˱ܣһθǲ⣡ǣˣЩڤҲŹҶ㣡
ӣħߣҶȨһףѪģʬϿԸܵóȵķ˵ƳɵҩΪܲ
һ˵Ѫ֮УҶۿּವһα㼲ۿȥһѱ˵ʬУ
໣Ưһ룬Ҫڤ˷һŭҶ㾹Ȼڶʳݵ
ڤץȡ˵ʬһַΪ˲ԵĹʹƯڰ֮У˵ǰԷǣ˵壬Ȼץ֮ʱȴһֻ̫С̣ͻһץ˵ʬץ
ֻϧҶ㣬ֿµʱշͬһȼ֮ڣûܿ

Ҷ㶸ȻһȣֺݺһץֱǸڤ˵ǻ֮Уָ֮ȵ棬ݺݵһʣǻƿѪܵĳķεɢһأ
Ҷ㾪ȵǣЩڤ˸ǱصڤгڤǨߣǺˣڤͬˣ
ǵȵķ֣ڤ˾Ȼһ֣ڤ
໣໣໣
ŭҶһ£ɳװڤ˼ŭˣҶڤץ֮󣬺ȻڤֺõڤิϣųӲõĹԣи˸һĹâ·ּ
ҲҶǳֵԭܹõڤ˵ڤ֣Щֱּܱһ׹
ڤ֮ݻĹ½ڤ֮Ĺ
úãɣҶҲ̫޼ɣΪڽսɲ뽫ЩµĴ˹
սپٶȸɵЩڤˣӶڤ֣
ۣۣۣ
ƣҶƷֿ׼ֺݣֻѪⱻ֮죬ڤ˱ʹ˵£öڤ֣һ֮ʱڤֳ֮Ĺ
Ҷ㲻Ҫܣµڤںأߣˣħһڤ־壬ΪЩǿڤ˾Ȼ˺ˣɼΪĿ¡
ģҶͷȻȴĶãһڤ֮أһڲͣɱ¾ڤ˽ӶĵѪ֮УڤռԽԽࡣѾ˵ʬ壡
ס֣ͻȻ֮䣬һͨѵصȴһ߸һڵĿǿ߽٣ǿΪ죬µսƶȻѲɿȥսѾִ죡
ͷľ磬ɲľ磬ܹԽɱˣҶϰ꣬еСĵãսҪһԾʵ̫ˡ
󵨿ͽɱҽˣ浱ǧУɱƬͬһ㣬Ȼ֮䣬ҶתƿΪڰ֮ǰҲʮֺ£ʯ̫֮֮䣬Ҷ㾹ȻƬأŲ˰Χ֮ڣ
Ĺֻʵ̫Ըˣ̫Ըˣûһк³ġҶڿĵȰ⣬ʵ򰵵زͣݣǰǺ֪֪ˣܰս
ңСӣʵ̫ˣҵĹȥΰĽ֮⣬ûκܹƵõ٣֮ͨôǹУԶҲڳҶǰ
߰˳࣬Ҷ߳ͷӣǸ󺺣첲ŹĹĵļ飬Ҷ֮ӲˣǶһ顣
ߣԲѣʲôƨﶼһĴڣ㣬٣϶ѣһܵնɱ㣡ҶЦ
Ļʵ̫ˣնɱ죬սִĿǿߣаϵĽȻͬ߹һĶܲŭ
ޱɭȻȻþӴ˵أǵĿҶ򵥼䣬޷ŭ⣬ɼǸ֮ǳ
ҶǳһĨЦ͵һֹͣ˶һӴĻҶǰǰ󺺵ǰȫչֳ
飬󺺵֣
ȻˣһԻҲز治ˣҶ¶Цݣ֮ͨѾС
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ˣҶһЦһڣһⵯһʱշһȻ֮䣬ʮңԶֱʮֽ֣
Ҷָ֮£һĻȫըѿǧƬɵ߿֮ʱȻ֮ը飡
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飬Ϊһһ޷κ㣬յµıؽҵҶ㣬Ϊȫڤ֧ŵҪĨɱңʵڲ̫ԶҶȻһЦźͨҪɱȴıҶ壬ȴ޷˺Ҷ㣡
ڣ̱ڵϣ˫Ŀ֮ϣһöҫڤ֣ҶҪõڤ֣
סһоͽСꡯҶЦһڰ֮ģۺȫз֮ӣ֮նȥǰӶɱ֡
͵һһöڤֵ˳Ҷһץڤ֮Уһ̣ڤֶȻʹޱȣһζҶҰ֮У⣬ڤ֮طһĻҶ㾹ȻЩ͡



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ڤ֮⣬ֳ̫ԣ֮УֳϸСּҶҪõڤ֮ط
ڤ֮طðĹҶɫһȻڤ֮طһɱ¾ɱ¾ɱյõڤɾڤ֮
ڤָһֵɲǣµɱȶվҶǰɿȥ
ÿֲɱߣ⹦ǸʺҶħҶͻȻ¶һĨЦݣ⹦¼֮󣬰ڤԼ֮С
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ԣռϰپʬ֮󣬰Ȼ뿪صס
ʶ֮УһĨ˵꣬ҶķҶħ
ⶫһ¥Ҷһ¼֮󣬶˵ͬʱѼҶħȻ֮Ͼ⹦̫ʺˡ
һм½죡ҶͻȻĿһڷһ飬̶ڤĴſڣѴĿĵ֮Ѫȡ
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ʲôҶʧɫ⼸죬ΪڤеĽգҲüַ߳ڤУһ⣬ȫʧˣ˼ȥֻѪǳȥΨһҶħĻʱ
һҴѰ籾ԴǡɿһöǺˣӦ֪Ǻ˿ȱԴǱԴ籾Դһ޶ռ֮ʱȴһ̲µѪҺѪҺƺЦݣȻ˹һѪֲ֮쳣УҺҵŶӳ죡
Ҷħ¶¶Ҳ̲ѪҼеѪȻˣֲɢͰֱԭһѪ
˵õǺˣҶһǺ˱൱ڱԴ˵ǶôջֻϧҶħʧˣĻҶħΪȻ̤˾ͷ֮ѾԽ
ͻȻǴĿĵѪȻõǺˣôѪôȻռöǺˡ
ѵа̣ҶͻȻо˸漴ҶħǰһֶΣѪţ֮ͨ㣬ܶã
Ҷħ֮ͨ۷ž⣬ֻҶ٣֮ͨһдãѪ֮󣬾͹㣬ΪҶħˣǱһˣҵ˵Ҳ㹻壡
֪ļˡҶħͷȻûѪΪ棬ǲȥƴģѪƴ
Ҫ֪ҲҪģĵĳҪñ֪ˣʱǻܵ˵ĹҶ㵭˵ˣĽʲô
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ҶħЦ˵ЩӣѰ籾ԴͬʱҶӷһˣֻһԴһδ֮󣬱ûκϢҲûͰҶ飬ڲᣬƺǰһ㡣
ֻԽԽҶ㾯֪֮ĶԹ²װݣпǱǰףҽдһҶ´γ֮ʱһζһٳҶ֮ʱ
ħɼļҩɵ𣿡Ҷ㶸Ȼ۾ҫâħȴħһ
ƺеʱҶˣĿǰøˣ
ףΪȻ۷֮ڤ֮طкεЧħʱʧɫ̶һ£Ҷ㾹ȻһһĲ񣬳һ۷壬
ħֹȻĿһ۱㿴ҵΪҶЦΪҶħڤ֮طִ͸ҲǶ˵ĹҶΪ
Ѿڷ˵¯ҩԼ˵ʬڷһأ׼̿¯
һҶҲСĵãǶδ¯ЩҺýڤҪħ¯ҶһԴ֡
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ڤҪĻ֣ܹõҩֻ棬ֻʹõҩɷƷڤ񵤣ȴڤ𲻿ɣħҶϵľɫ
ҩѾ붦Уʼ˵ʬ壬ûֱ룬ǵķԼԪƬȶУŽǵľ꣬Ϊϣһ¯ƣ¯϶Ϊһڤγ֮ʱ
ڤܹ򵽣ҶһڤҲеһ֣лᣬȻϣܹõ֣



ʮ ջΪ
ǵȻûΨڤ𣬵ǿ򵽣ħͷֽö¯֮ڣʹû¯ĺɫĹâס
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ҸȥһЩڤ벿ķٶ
ħڤҪƶ೤ʱ䣿Ҷ뵽ǰһЩȲĿǰûзٶĺ벿֣رҪĹ
֧ţƾ򣬱лķٶֻҲֻʱ֮£شڤ֮߳󣬱ȡѰʮö֮ͨƬʱܵõ벿ַٶ
һöҪһ죬Ŀǰаپʬ壬µµʱ䣬ҺѾˣĿǰδùڤ񵤣״ηã벻ЧǾ⼸Ƴĵҩȹ㡣ħ㣬˵
ҶͷڤڣԼҪʲôԭҪڤʹϽ𵤸УҪ˵ʬ壡
Ҷ㲻ʧɫԭ˵ʬ徹Ȼ˴;ܹڤ𣬵ͻȻһ
ѵǽ׵صа̣ĻҪ˵ʬʲôǿܣڤ֮УΨڤ˲ǽռ˵ʬ嵽Ҫʲôߣȥڤ£Ҷħ˵
ҶһЩףƺҪʲô鷢һ㡣
£Ҷħˣʬ壬ֱ֮׵Ҳʮ˳һʬ彻ʮڤ
ֻڤֻ֧𣬸ʲôҪ𣬳ڤ֮⣬ûвܵЩҶһ
ջܹΪЩ֧ڱδʲô;ǷҶǾܴĺۼӶ
֮ˣΪ𣬶ľĵãЩ֧Уۼ
ȻҶҪתȥ֮ʱͻȻһ˿ϢϢа̵ĺһ޶Ȼӡ֤Ҷ֮ǰĲ²⣬⽻֮а̵
а̣ǵЩʲôأҶâ뵽Ҷħ˵Ǻˣ¶صЦݡ
ȱչٶĺ벿֣ڤศпܳأﵽ죬Ҷħǰ
ҹҶħƴҹƵöڤ񵤣չ֮С


Ѫʵ̫Ѳˣֳ֮ͨ飬Ҳ޷вҹҶħԹ֮Ҷ㶸Ȼ˫Ŀ
Ѿڤ񵤣ڤ񵤹ȻЧһ£ʹܱ泩ޱȣë״󿪣һӿռҶıԴΪҲҪһ֮һ
⾫ָıǾڤ̲ǵʮֿµĵزֻϧȴûתɳľԪҶ֮
Ϊڤ񵤵ĵһЧ󣬵ǵڶţЧ̫ԣҪ죬µҪϰööڤ񵤣ִܵеľ硣
ߣҶħҴŵģѾܵˣڷҵĵ֮Ѿȹ󣬳֮һ֮ͨ飬ΪҲ֪֮ͨѪĿǣԱ£Ҷħһһ䣬ѪѾӦ㣬ͻ㣬ǵСۣСҰϻȥҽߣ㻹ôģ
ҶͻȻŭҶħΥŭֻ˴ҪȥڤУÿҶħ֡
٣˵ģұһ壬ѣôܲæأҶħٺٸЦɫԴΣ˵ҶõĺôֻȴҶѹģûһ㷴أֻҶĻ
ϻʱ䣬ڤ֮мңҶĶһ仰㿪ʼڤ
ЩȻ֧ȼ֮ʱֳ֮⣬һ̣ҶĿⶸȻһһĹâһƹץС
ߣȻˣ֮ԳΪ֧ΪĴۼ̫΢ˣҲѵңҶ¶һĨмЦݡ
£ӶİѴۼץУһڤȫȼ֮ʱȻһ֣ȻȼճһɫԵĻ档
濴ںڣȴޱȣƺ֮·޾Ĺһ㣬ڤ
ʱһȥյʱգۼҶͻȻֳΪ֣һµĹȣȼգĹȣҶյĽ壡
ֱҶеķٶͻȻ޾֣Щ֮ʱҶͻȻЦ
һСַٶĹ֮飬ֻ⹦꾡Ҳ̫ϣǰ벿ٶĽĪȣʵڲ̫ˡ
Ҷ㻹ǵͷʾʮ⣬ϾһҲ֪ҪһĨڣĺͻơ
ȹؼʱ̣ͻƵߵľ磬񲻰װ˷ʱ䣬ҲҶõٶ벿ֹҪԭ
ҶڳˣףôоֲһˣħҶأĨһѶͷϵ亹Ц˵
ħֹȻ棡ҶЦ˷ٶһ֣һƬãͻȻʵħ֪а̵ľݵ㣿
Ҷһ⣬ҶħѾˣŸѶϢҲҶصҪԭ򣬵ħ֪а̵Ϣȫ˵˳
ӣһĹԴʮöڤˡ
ˣҶ㣬а̿ɲǸȥϣʻˮһǧ˵ʬ壬߳ڤУΪλҪǿУҪ֪а̲ͬڴ½ϵһ꣬һֲ֮ħȰҶ΢΢һЦûջ񣬵Ҳȫ˵İա
оа֮ƺдڣҲۣܳҪǣǿдٳľѱ
Ҷеļ𣬻ûг׳󣬸ܷаصľѱпܰΪһ߶ȣ
ãлħֽ̻壬ֻа̣һҪ̽һ̽ˣЩģҲģֶȫˣҶһЦҶħѾֳѪһǿߣҲͷܱһаס
һ£ħ¶һĨĵĹâ˵תܽȥóһöɫĽݸҶΣ֮ʱ飬˵ӳ죡
Ҷ㣬ˣôܵطˣȫڤˣһΪ죬ЩˣƺǼЩڤֻǷˣҶħ˳ҶһֽǣֻҶħ˵
ҶħĻҶ㶸ȻһһˣʱڤйȻǿ֮С
ˣȱЩˣ֮ǰ˵Ǻ˼пܱа̵ˣܳûǱУĿܵõǸǺˣ㲻ܣа֮УԲط٣ǾʹһʣҶо˸
ٺ٣Ҿϲ֮£Ѿŷŵʱ䣬ȥаΧһȦа˵Ҳ֣ڤУһռ֮Уҵʶ̽УȻа̾ͽһɽ֮ϣ㴫Ҽа̴꣬ܽвˣ
˵ҶħĿԽԽأҪӣҪϸɱϣҶħһⷽ츳Ҷ㻹Ҫǿ
ţˣѵ˵Ķռ䣬֮лռ䣿Щǿ߱Ҷ㾪
϶ûУҵʶӦκζռңѾǳԽܵĴڣҶħĵĵͷȻҶʮģԴӱҶֻ֮󣬷ɴߵ꣬Ӷﵽһµĳ̶ȣҪҶĻҪ׳ʵ
ôа̫ˣ˵ŶѾߵа̵Χһռ䣬һ̤룬ᱻռڵ˷֡
Ҷħüͷ΢壬ͻȻĿһ쿴Ǹ˭
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ҶԿ˹ȥֻһˣмɫ۵ΪףֺĿտտȻڤˣڰɫۺʹһ㣬΢һģ
ȻҶ㿴Ǹ֮˵ʱһĨĹâ
֮˲ǱˣУǱݣǰͬһļһû뵽Ȼҿӣƺò
ֱ˴򿪽磬һ߽а̵ķΧ֮ڣԶ׼а̵ˣ
ߣȻռū̱һβ֪˸ɵǸŻ˴ҶһɱҪΪҫһһȥҪеһУȫѣΪһĽɫܣ
ҶĲֱҶ¶ˣһһ常常а̵νڤɢˡ
ڤɢаҲһĵλΪǵִľ磬żһռ˵ʬ֮ʱһ˵Ůӣ
ŮӲǱˣ˵˵һѾԴӳǹĹɥ֮ȮҪǣҷͨͬʱ˴½Ҫɱͽ
ֻϧٰ֣ܣεİ׷ɱ֮Ĩɱ䣬׷ɱԽԽ࣬ˡ
֮£뵽һƲߣǾаŮװüΪӢŮ֮òҲһ֮ˣԵòβ棬֣طܷˣ
֪ڴ½֮ϣû֮أֻһЩĴޣдӵǴޣ̩ޣҲ׷
ֵʱ߽ڤնɱ˲ڤĻ֮Ȼ߽֮ڤУǡɱڤɢˡ
ڤɢǸؿζı̬һרϲŮ˵ˣҲ˵ͬʱͻȻĿһۣһ۱ϳаŮװҪǣһڣӣˡϧ֮ġ
£ڤɢ˴а̣һӲʩ֮£ΪԼǴڤɢˣ׳Լľջңڴ֮ϣڤɢǧϼһźˬ֮
Դ֮а̣󻤷ڤɢ˸ǰĺˣΪάԼϣڤɢԼڤ֮УŮװ
ڤɢ˿˵Ǹɫǣϲıǰڴʱ򣬵ūͣаǿǰһ֮£֮ʱūһϡ
ڤɢ˸ϲŰˣ˷֮ʱϲһȺˣһŪг裬򱯴ߵľǸг裬ǱŪļһ
Ǳڤɢ˳Ϊ檣˼̤а֮У˲ܣֱɫļλаǿߣڤɢǵİ檽
緢ҴүǬʮʺ򲹰Ŀףһλͷг裬ջΪλͷˡޡĹ
˵ɱ֣ǱҶ֪²ᱯֻЦƶƤһۣ˷֣



ʮ Դ֮
а취ˣҶħͻȻһЦͬһ㣬һƻľķ˲ҶҶħ
ǵļ䣬ͬʱ˽ӹܣҶӹӼ֮ʱʱĿ࣬ǰǰȫһˣȻջΪ
һ̬ϲȺ͡ޡ
Ҷħͬסˣ벻緢ҴүȻǱȻ˵г裬ƺȥҪŮװˣ
İ취ȻЧа֮̽ʱҶζȻһΪһɳͲ˵ĿڴǣҲ糣ûвԼļ䱻ȡˡ
ˣˣԴɥμ۶ȥߵɽ֮ʱ߽һŸûʵĹֻһ󺺴˳ʵʱס֫˷ܵĽе˵Ż֣±ˣ
һĵģĺҪľжġ
ҿ̫ؿ˰ɣҶħǿ⣬ʮҪѶȥΣ춯Ȼᱻǰڤɢ˲ʱʹ²ˡ
ҶɫҲЩѿȤζһһ˸һĻȫ¼
ӶİߣҶ֪Ҷħһͬʱū͵سȥһɫģûڤɢЦ֮ū͡
ҶûʩչλӰҶħΪһԳڿеٶȣƶ
һ̣ڤɢͻȻüͷһ壬ƺ˷򲨶۹һȴûзκ쳣漴˼ҡҡͷϣˬ
գһΪ£ûлǶȻˣҶµؿڣĺ󱳱亹͸ˡ
죬ߣѾҵ˱ڣȥһˣҶħֳݵĹâĵһĻҪӦеĴۡ
һģһˣͬʱͷҶħһȣҶػɽɽ嵽ɽûе·һƽ
ƵĿ³̶ȣһ֮࣬鿪Ҷҹħֱɳ״̬Ҳ̤֮С
ޣ̣
ҶħЦһޣһ˺飬Ϲ֣Ӽ飬ԱĲһɽƣ۶ôǿĽƣǰǲһ
ȻҶħֻޣĿǰһֻ˵ֻڵ伮֮Уû˼ޡ
괫еڤУа̣Ҳͬˣû޵ĴڣǸ뵽һС͵޵С͵
ۣǡҶħǰһĻˣո߽֮УɽûУһƬƽ̨ƽ̨֮ϣһһߵıԴ֮
Դ֮û뵽а̾Ȼ˴ֱʣһԴ֮ҵ죬꣬¾ͻƾͷľ磬Ϊһ벽ܣ
Ҷ͵ĿһıԴۻϢȻһ˿ԪĶ򣬳һɲ֮䣬Ȼȫ˾ԪãսȻ죬һԾ̤۷ǿߣ
ˣıԴ֮ȲǬ½ǰֲҲܺһλˣǣԾа˿µıԴ֮ôܲϰٸǿߣأҶħӴ֮лмת
ⱾԴ֮󣬾㴴ǧ쾳ǿ߶ܣǵҪʲôҶħ𶯣ⱾԴ֮⣡Ҷ㿴ҶħҪȡʱһҶħȻһ㬵ķеĲۡ
㿴ⱾԴĺӦܽһ㣬һôܸһ㣬һ㶼ƶߣٿĽƸжô£ޣܱˣҶ㽲ҶħȻ󾪣Ȼ֣ȡһαԴ֮󣬿¾ͻǿߡ
ӱԴ֮Ŀ³̶ȾͿԿаһ̴ܵĴڣµǣдܣƾǣ򲻿ƣ
һˣҶħһǸǽ֮ɫܸܵǺˣȻⱾԴ֮֮ڡ
˵ܽ٣Ҳη壬ھͿûа취򿪽ƣΪѾܵƵĿ³̶ȣ
Ҷħ֮ͨʱãʱҶ㶸ȻһȣҶħҲȻѣ˿̵֮ͨǴɫѪɫڻһѪɫͣڣȴ֮ͨݺѹơ
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ɲ֮䣬ǱԴ֮Ľƴѣһ̣ҶĴҶħϷԼ䣬ȫ˽ȥڱԴ֮֮зڣգᣡ

ﴳ뱾Դ֮ɲǣһӶȻҶ㶸ȻһȻڱԴ֮󣬵ɽһǣɫɲǡ
Ҷ㶸ȻʧɫϹͥӣô
ñҶħ۷ž⣬һ³뱾Դ֮УſԼ磬һѱ㳯ץ˹ȥ
ҶҪֹȴѾʱаϰλȫ֣Щǿ֮Уʮλ쾳ǿߣĶħ֮ߣƵǿ֮
ǺˣҴа̵ĽأߣҪȡԴǻ֮һƳģǿߣȿڣ֮ͬһ㡣
а̽أǵ죬޻أ
ɱģҴа̣ЩҲ˵ϣǾͰ뱾Դ֮֮УñԴʴ壬ʴ꣡

һʱ䣬Ⱥ鼤ܣƺûҶ㣬ѾҶЦȺ˻ĲһĿԴ
ҶħѶϢǴ£̫ϷˣϹʧȫȦıһڤҶ˵ĴٳڣΪԴ֮ĴڣŵԴԴϵ
Ҷâ¶һ˿ЦݣҶħıټе֮ͨ飬ⱾԴ֮ϾҪˣ
˵𣿡ҶͻȻЦһ֮У˿ڴϵľ֮Уʤ֮
ʱڤɢ˴һӸ˹ŮװȻУ
㣡ʮ־µ̧۾Ҷ֮ʱʱ¶֮ɫ漴Ц˵Ҷ㣬·㲻ߣͶ
˿ֲٰɫǿߣ¶Цݡ
һ£û뵽ѾΪջΪˣǿϲɺذŶˣջһĻѾ¼ҷش½֮ʱһ˹֮
˵ţҶ¼һĻ˳ֱһ̬İ鶯Ƭ



ʮ ȡ
ɲ֮䣬ɫüΪѿһһһڣֱȻһѪԵڵϡ
˵Ŀȫۼϣάһ˿𣬱˶̤ڽ£ʹ޵Ҷ㿴
а˶¶ЦݣȻԼͬ¶ĨĹâڶƬڤɢЦ˻죬ƺͲȫġ۷硱
£ʮֶĵƨɣ
Ҷ㣬㣬Ҳеȵ裬Ҫѿڤɢ˵Ļڳ֮ˣԶʷ
ոȴڤɢ˺ݺݵһƣð˲ͷȥһĨɴ̹ǵɱ
ߣСӣΪʱ䣬ǲ֪ǸͻȻڣ¶ĳ֮⣬ʱгһöɫ飬֮гҶħڱԴ֮еһĻ
ֻҶħץȡǧرͬʱȻſޣڱԴ֮ʹüٶȳɳţֳ貵ĹâȻһǧԴ
ڶȫڱԴ֮õֵϴԻٶΪףԽִ߲Σ֮
СӣΪǵ㼿ǲ֪ϿЦŨŨĲмȻҶһ飬ȫָƣȫڴϵ֮С
һıԴ֮㾪˰ɣ¶̰˰ɣҪȫռΪУ֮飬ǣˣֻһһļһһٸΣа̵ʥأûһƾǸûа̵֣û֪֮֮Ƿɶ˻ȡ
¶֮ɫֻ˵ǰ̣Ѿгǧĸֵˣһ⣬ȫˣȫⱾԴ֮һ֣òţ𾪣һԣٻͬܲܳˣߣϵʱԽԽܳ
Ҷһͷ亹ֱðƺðǣŲͣƣÿ˵һ仰ͬ޴ؿһ㣬ʹ̡
ʱѾ˷ŵ裬Ц¶Ъ˹صЦݣЦҶ㣬һ죬Դ֮ϣȻķԶҲˣ㣬ҲϾҪǧĥճΪԴ֮һͷĻ꣬
ˣҶҲǿӣϲǿԡĵĿڤɢˣ˵Ŷ׸һۣڤɢۻңֿҶ㣬Ͻͷ
վԱߵҶ㣬һͷߣ޲ȥֻ棡Ϊʱ䣬衣
ȻֿڵãҶ㣬Ϲܸҵǿһ棬ΪҽеӣִԲ򣬺ߣǾͱǷ飬㶪뱾Դ֮֮У
𣿴ϣľôţҶҶħĴţ֪һаȫԵͷתƾһСС澣ҲԲѣ֮
Ҷͬ棬һȥɢֲĲڣܿռܲסѹȻը鿪
ͣĴŴߣճϼٽë˫ĿȻŭҶ㣬һɿµƶȻţȹʷ˿Ҷ㡣
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˵澣Ѿеܴ裬Ǳҳɥ֮ȮҲûֿµ֮⣬Դڤɢ˵檣Ϊһˣһˣµܴ裡
Ҷȴһ٣ٶĽҿһ˿ϣҲ׷飬˿̵ŭ
˼µ檣Ȼ֪ڤɢ˵Ƣ̷ŭɱҶ㣬ǱϥĹڵϣڤɢս
ڣڤɢ˵ͷͬ⣬аڣͬèϷһ㣬Ҷ㣬ûɶ֣뵽Ҷܴӳ죬һиܣ
٣յ°ܽյ˼檣ҪȡˣҶ¶һĨЦһĻҪġ
ȥ
ˣҶѾҶᣬ˲ʲôȣʲôòˣ˫ݺݵɱ˹
ʮ֣֮ȴкִ̣ܶȻֶ֮£Ǵ̾ȻХ֮ɱ֡
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Ҷ㶸ȻһԪ֮еĸִȫֵסҶ㣬һ̣ûκȻһȭ
һȭţа̶𶯣־Ĺâ
һһǿߴ߷ģ
̫ˣ̫ˣ˾ôģ˿ֲףѵΪô˿ֲս
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а̣˳Ϊӣٰɫа̽йߣа¶ŲСġ
ãɫȻ䣬Ҫȴȴ֮䣬·ѾµľԪûһ˿һ·ԣ
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ڤɢҪӪȣȴҶĶ̫ˣ쵽˼飬ΪҶĵʱշ򣬿˵ۣƾһڤɢˣôܿٶȣ
ȻҶȴڹؼʱһûֱǽľѨȫݻ١
ҪҲ֪ʹȻһȣ˫ֶһɿµľԪǱ
һ̣ݻٵľѨȻڴʱ޸տտľȶŵȹȫը飬¶ļ⡣
Ҷ㣬ձضڣЦſҶ㣬ȼ˶ʮԪԼ֮ǱӶʹ»սƺ
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Ҷգһ𲻶𣬱̬࣬ׯϣﵭķһ֣漴ڿһ
ɲضȻɫԼȫϻȥնǰҶĵֶΣ꣡
ⲻܣôܣҵΪҵҺ˿ֲ׵ŭ֮
ǣȴҶ㵭Ц֮һвȡѣ



ʮ ɱ
꣡꣡
ѣǰȫҶնϣ˵ֻ֮ӹĴڣνˣǰȻͣ
ϴҺ֮ڵϴŹ﷢ĺУ֮ɫ
ÿµֶΣȻ֮ӣնȥǰӣԺ󲻿κνˣֻʱǰΪ޵ˡ
һλа̵ĳϵһŲŵȴ¶֮ɫ಻ٳ϶ֳ־壬ҶһУʵںݶ֮
ߣа̶֮УҵҪ˭ܹӳ죡λϣϣһ£ʮλ֮ĳϣһӵϡ
ϾҶֻһ죬˵ﲻ߹ɱҲԾǳͷļһɵֻҶһ꣡
⹷ţܸͻȻһȣһӶȻ˳һץУħֶμΪǿᣬһֶʹռȫ飬ǱƬͬһ㣬ֱɱҶ㣡
С
ҶȻһЦӲһΪսǺûȣ
ֻҶһ̧һǰȻ鿪Ǻɫ䣬ʱֲԾҪȴȴ屻סˣ
٣ɣҶһЦ߻̧֮ȻһץץСһץסӣŵ˫ᵵͣҪڣȴʺĿסûһ˿˵Ļᡣ
꣡
һѹ֮ڳ֮ȫȴһúݵֶΣֱ̧ȡһǿߵǶôֲս
ҲһĻˣҶ㣬ȴںӵ֮һͣеĶȫһ֡
ʱĸһǿ߳һģһİ̥һһĽĺϰ˻
ȫΪһְɣҶ÷ϻֱ̧ɱУͬʱΪսپ߶ɱ䷨򣬴˷һɱȡ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ㱻ڵɱ֣ľ·վǰĲˣһɱ˿ħ

һĺҶٶȿ쵽˼£ͬĥ̽Ӷ䣬ת֮䣬ĸһǿɥȪ
Уʲôϣ̫ˣǲȥˣȺ֮ɱ߱뱾Դ֮Ϊһ֣
ҶͿ££λۣԴ֮ɫߣǰ˵ȻǶϣֻȴϵĵλԵͣ˵Ȩ
ϣҴ󻤷Գնɱأ赣ģڤɢһӴ˳ӱˣѾŭգ˿̽Ӷǿ䣬ʹýʵ𣬲ŭ쳣
սĿɱҶ㣬ʬΣ
Ҷ㣬쵰СӣݵòҪҵİ檱ɣڤɢһȣ֮Ưһڤ¡һֱҶͷ­
ɭȻ֮Ϣƺһڤ֮гЩ۷̹⣬Ҷ֮ʱһѷĳ¶ݣĿȥҶȫ
Ҷɫ䣬оŰپʮͷÿһͷħ֮µǣͷ꣬ÿһΪڤɢˣòһ޶Ȼķ
ҶɲЩֱ̧һƣݺݵ䣬֮гһąd֣һˣʶĿӲӵĹâӳ֮ϡ
ЩҺ漴ױ鿪ֻҶĻΪ׵ĺʱ
֮˳âɨУ漴ҶһţȫڣЩľƺһ˿ڤҶҪı
꣬ҲøҶ㷢һȣƿȻһģµֱӴڤɢˣڤλϵڤɢɫ䣬ŵһ˿֮ɫʧӰ٣
꣡꣡
ͷ˵ڤɢ˵ķȻ˿̱Ҷ£ƺռ䶶ͣͷ׵壬һƺݺ䣬ܿռȫ顣
ͷ꣬ǲֲ֮ңֲĹȦһֱ֣ҶһƻУɲ֮䣬ͷ껹ûü˵һ仰㳹ױ䣡
һĻڤ֮еڤɢɫұ䣬ҪʻڤҶݺݵ飬Ϊ˰檱𣬻ҪΪԼ걨
Բڤɢ˼Ԧڤ¶ЦոλһǿߣʹΪȻǣ죬ڻһ˿ֻҪˣԳ죬һ㾳磬ĿǰΣ㳹׽ˣ
򣬱Ǵڤɢ˶
Ҷ˸⣬ڤ۳ҶڤҶĿǰĵؽ磬˵ǽ֮˵һ
ڤɢƵĲǱɽһǣ˵д;Ҳһ֮Ʒ׺ʵȫ
ֻҶһ˫ȭɫȭӰֽӳڲ֮£ĺɫĹâһɲ֮䣬ΪѤ
ȻҶ㣬ȴɳȻɶϣ˫ⶶâҫۣһӱ㳯ڤɢ˴˹ȥ
ߣƾһ˫ȭͷҲҵڤЦ֮ڤɢȻһ䣬ɫȭӰһͣ漴ըѿ
ڤɢҪЦ֮ʱЦһ½ϣɫý֮
ΪҶȭӰǼٵģȭͷȴݺݵڤ֮ϣµĲȭͷĻ⣡
ڤǳа̵𣬶һǴδȥȥĶ֧𣬸Դ
ȻһɲҶȴʩչĹâΪֲȻڤ֮ϣʱ¡¡죡
ҿ
ҶһץڤıݺݵĴڤ֮УеıԴҶһץ
ڤһ㣬ҶצһץûκηأΨбԴҶݺݵץߣ漴֮⾻һգ֮䣬ΪҶһ֣
ڤɢ˴֮ȻʶԾԼıԴץ֮ʱЪ˹أֲɱһҶ㶸Ȼײ
ߣڤɢˣӻع飬ȡдҶĹЦ֮ζ䣬űԴֱ֮ȥ
ǿֲɱֱɱ֮ʱʱľսô˵һߣһ죬ļһȣʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰɱ꣬ѾķĴڻնɱڤɢˣ治֪ҪĴۣʱ˵ȫˣһ̣ѡȴ
Ѱ·ȻҪӵԴ֮ѣҶӴܵķ򣬴϶ȻЦڣĿ⡣
ڤɢ˴սʧأҪɱҶ㣬Ա֮ʱҶϱԴ֮ҲЦ



ʮ һˣ
Դ֮аڣа̽Ϊֹδֹаһɽڣȫ֪
ƺλֻһϵ䣬СһȫɴʵϣĴڵģΪֲ֮ڴϣˡ
λаϹ֮ʱҲһλ绽ֳڤɱ󣬴Ӷ˳Ϊа
Ǿǧ֮ǰ٣λаûжȹϣӶ䣬ȴûгؼɲǣֳһ˿ֻ꣬أӶת
ת֮壬ս壬֮ңλҵıԴ֮ó
аת֮ս壬ⱾԴ֮а̽ûһ˳Խ֮ԭ򣬱ÿʮ꣬ڴϵ֮£еӶԼľԪȫע뱾Դ֮С
вӣȫ뱾Դ֮ΪֹûһܴӱԴ֮ųԱԴֱ֮Ϊ֮Ԩ
ֻֻдϺս֪ҶԴ֮Уٶ˷ձԴ֮ҶķҶħʹ֮ԨУ
˵Ҷ뱾Դ֮֮УȻЩգҲƴΪﲻа̵Ĳر֮أ߳ڤеһ
Ҷħ㷢ʲô뱾Դ֮󣬸ܵĲȵɭȻɱƺ࣬Ҷ㲻òģСģǰҶħѶ
ã̫ˣˣǶͬģͰⱾԴ֮һˣҶħ¶˷ܵЦݣΪֳ֮ͨԵʣҶ㴫Ѷ֮ʱѾ׼ȷص㡣
ֻͻȻ˵ûԴ飬ҪСģƺһµǿߣ֮ͨ飬Ǽһƺʮ־£ҽӽңɾ˵׼ˣҪСģʡˣҲøͿ
ĻȻȴҶ㲻ò˼ҶħԲȷܵһصϢǹϢɱ⣬˿ɱ
һУһµɱڶԽҶȫɣ
ãˣҶ㶸ȻʧɫûҶħĴѶûѾһֲĴɱ˹
ͣ
һֲɱⶸȻɱ˹ҶЩֲҶѾ֪ĶûһζȻϣһֺֻݺݵһһĿĺâȻſϮ֮һӱҶץУ
ţҶ㶨ץĶ֮ʱЩһˣһˮ֣зصԣ
ԾⱾԴ֮֮ôˮ֣һ֮ˮ֣ǿ£Ҷɫ䣬һļ֮УɫЩѿ
ʱҶħҲڴˣҶץŵˮ֣Ҳ¶Ĺâ
ҶħһµĴڣҪСģҴļ֮е֪һˮ־ȻǸµĴģרа̽ڵͽԼõģһλĿֲ£ҶҶħļ䡣
ֲãܸоһ˫۾ҵһһƺڼɵе֮ͨ飬ųٳûг֣Ҷħ˼֮УԽԽ¡
ԣҶüͷ壬²˳٣ǴʱǿЩһˣ
Ҷ˴ǣһ㶼ʣ£һˣʲôСģⱾԴܴ֮𣬶˵ʵ̫ҪˣϧһУҪ
գҶ㽫УڱԴ֮֮£Ȼɱ֮
˵ǵļǳԽĴڣһ޽ӽֻǹռ䣬˵Ŀǰ˵֮߼Ĵڣ˿Իƣ
ã̫ˣ֮ףٶҶ㾪ķ֣ٶı仯൱֮Щʵķ׭һ̾ȻȫƯݻһΪǿ󣬶ɭȻֲ
ǻҵ죬رôƶɵģȻɱ䣬һ̬Ҷħɴ۾ӶˣٶĽּʡ
ˣϻ֣ѪųΪ̶֣Ҷڰ֣֮ڲ֮ϣҫâ֮¡
ʹñԴ֮󷢳¡¡֮ΪֲеĽȫըѿӿ纣ˮһıԴκˣŭ˳죬漫Ϊֲ
ǣǣǣ
ֻ֮ӡԴ֮ĽȫѿһɲǣȫסˣⱾԴ֮Ǵ˵еĽɵģ꣬δ˿µĺ
վڰߵĴϵı飬Ȼϣžκ˵ıԴȻݺݵĳɿȥ۵һһѪ֮
ãԴ֮ըˣһ仰û˵꣬ͱֲĺУӿıԴƺ֮ãۼǶϾȻһҺûзͳһ԰׹ǣ
죡һ̣ſڵϲͣѪҲ¶ֲľâҲװˣηټۿȥŴңһץסڤɢˣںݺݵҧȥ
վڱԴ֮еҶ㣬һƽ֮ɫȫչеıԴȻͬйբĺˮӿ뾫Ԫ֮С
ȫչĴʮȫչ¶Ҷеȫ˳ڱԴ֮֮Σ
ҶħڴҴҷӡһηӡһһ߿ԼӡһаĵȫĨȥ
ס֣ס֣ⱾԴ֮˵ģס֣Ъ˹صŭţŤͷѾҵаǿߣŭȻһ֮˵ͷ­վס˭ҵһǵ³
ŵϲҰ׵ԽʺѪҺٿ񣬿µɱ⣬˶վԭأһ˿춯
ϣɵǸµҶ㣬ֻҪһӣа̵Ľͻή٣ʱǾ·һһ˿ɣ˵¶߸ߵĳ羴֮顣
Щ֮ʱȫ¶֮ɫδ¶棬Ӵϵ֪ǵĽ
ΪԴ֮һܽģԥ˼֣һ֣öɫҩ˵ЩҩԳ뱾Դ֮У
ɱһ˵ҩԴ֮ôסȻҲһۣǾǱԴ֮в̫ıǧʱ䣬ռбȫ뱾Դ֮УⱾԴ֮൱ڲر⣬ܲģ
Ҷ㷢ǹֻһϸ΢Ļ漤һǹâϻδ̤뱾Դ֮󣬱㱻һ̲⣡
ҵ죬̫֮ˣа̽ڷһ֮Ͼ֮ǳԽĴڣܲȡ
Ҷ㣬ݵò񣡡ϼͷã֮ĳ֣״Ĳ𣬲òԳʱ䣡
ߣˣⱾԴ֮ڿʼ͹ˣֻҶһĴЦҶħѾϢѾѱԴ֮һˣ



ʮ ӣӣӣ
ڴϴ֮ʱԴ֮ѾһӨ͸ķӣҶУȴҶĴЦ֮
֮ĴʮȫҶħУֳ֮ͨ飬֮ͨĴ󲿷֣ת󷨣ƻľԴ֮ȫΪһӨСӡ
Ҷ㣬㶨λµĴҲ֮ǰ˵аת֮壬ս壬ڱչصĹؼʱֱ̣أһӵʱ䣬Ҷץס׼ȷʱΪҶħֳ֮ͨ黹ѪеΪȫҶħ֮С
۷徳磬ӨӵһĻ෨һ壬Ϊ򣬽Դ֮ƶټϻ֮ʹ׳ΪһӨĺӣˣֻҶһˣ
ΪǵԭѾ㶨ϲ̳֣ǻ£˺սʱ䣬˳أΪ˾ûϾⱾԴ֮ˣֻҪڣⱦܱ˴۸Ķȥ
뷨û̳֣Ҫֵʱ򣬺ȻΪʱ
ҶͬһڲϣԴ֮󱻶֮аĶռ䲻ͣҡΣֱûȫը鿪
ս壬ڳصĹؼʱ̣Ҷһϣ˫ĿȻǰľȻûޱ޼ʵ󣬶һƬƶɽأ
Ҫڤɢ𣿹ǿЦҶϷèһʱ¶мЦݡ
ָֻ΢΢һڤɢ˵һоȻ׾ٵӶһĻ˴ʧɫ˱Դ֮ļӳ֣ս㱩һﵽ֮˵ֲ֮
ڤɢˣ㷽ŲǴԲҪɱ𣿺ߣЦ֮ҾҶ㶸Ȼһָһָƽ棬ûκη򣬵ȴ˸еֲޱȣ׹Ԩ
ڤҿڤɢ˱͵Ϯݵ֣Ǵ˿һе϶ʩչɱУȶԿҶһָ
Ҷ¶мЦݣϿգûһ춯ֻǿԼָâһνڤڴɲǣ˲ըѶһ֧˶Ծֱڤɢ˶ȥ
ۣ
һûκϡ棬˿־ǣڤɢξȻȻը鿪һ䶼û˵Ѫ罦ƬضѪ֮˸еΪֲ
У⵽ʲôΪֲ̫ˣԴ֮󣬹Ȼ¼ѵõ챦Уսһʵֲ̫ˣ
ֲ̫ˣǸɺޣȻ˲ϮɱˣԺȻзǣɱЩҶƣ⣬ìͷָǿԵġ
˵ĿȫעӵϣϾҪڤɢ˵һĻ˶һֻ̣оëȻ
ջõһУֱǰ޼˵ˣһһȥΪɽеһȫʧȥˣҪΪаͨĵһҪһҪʮֹ
£ͻȻ֮䣬һûһ˵ϢֻԴ֮ײ߳һӣӻƼΪֲһ١
ȻǸˮֵˣǰӣ
ϿӰ¶һ˿ظЦݣнڴˣСһֻ·һˡ
λӣǱˣа̵Ľаת֮壬ս壡
ôĿҶ˫Ŀ磬ڵõԴ֮֮ΪԱ֮ǰԸ˵ڤɢˣȻһָɼĿ̶ֲȣаҲûһη塣
ΪսֻΪҶħԺ俹⣬Ҫͻ죬һսӶƱϣִ߲εľ硣
ߣǾʶʶʲôǿߣսûһϻֻȻָ񷣬գֱֲӽа̵ĶռȫƬ
һ̣˶ڤ֮УԼսĿֲ
һĻҶëȻĸоÿֲһָûзռ䣬Ծ

һŭָâͬɭȻĽһ㣬ֲϢڤУڤȫ¶־֮ɫȫ˱ܣǰһ
ãҶ㶸ȻɫȻһָϣбԴ֧֮ţɣ
Ҷħ죬ʩչ֮ͨ飡ҶħҲеľĸоƺһָͱȫʧĨɱ䣡
ˣ
֮֮ͨеѪⶸȻųѪҺ֮ѪǵõԴ֮ҪȥٴѪ
ߣ֮ͨ飬Ϊ֮ͨǰаԵʵ㣬֮ͨڤˣңսһϺɫۣ˪ûκ˵䵽˸еֻš
ıնɱֺξһ̲Ѫ𣡡ս忴Ѫ¶һĨľâһУȴ޿ɵ
꣡꣡
Ҷ㻹ȣֻѪͬƿһָâɨУѵȫѿ˿˿мĨɱ䣡
쳷ҶħһѪѪˣ˵ıڱ֮
֮ͨ鲻ͣҡΣƺҪɻصսУҶħȻЩƲסҶɫ䣬һץס֮ͨ飬£ֱӽѵϢĨɱ
ҶħһʱҶ϶ΪһΪڳ죬һƺսǰûһ;
ӣӣӣҶ˲ˣȻתԴ֮󣬷ֲϢǧһ㣬

սһָҶδӰձסͨһҶ㶸Ȼ׹£ˤڵϣŵ緢ȫʧ
ãķȻǲҺǰ벽ܣҽձضڴˣҶͻȻһĨ⣬뵽֮ǰħ˵Ļö
Ȼս岻ɱèϷ󣬶Ǽɵ֮ͨ飬Ҷһʶ˼˼֮ͨ;
Ǹûһ˿ͣЪݣһ˿ںδȻöɫ֮࣬һĨɥԱҽͷ˽
ˢ
ɲ֮䣬ҶζȻʧڿУս巢ķ򣬵޶ԣҶγʧԭأû˿ȥûܾг
ϿҶȥɫЩѿҪ˵ȴսһ֡
ߣӵһʱȴӲһֻҪڤУҾܰöǴõأΪս޾˼֮С
Ҷ㣬ڽİ£ɹ˲Ƴֲľ



ʮһ 
ħҶĹȻһҶ˲ŲƳȥ㿪սֲһʧڤ֮еɲǣҲһ亹
аңûöɥȪˣʱ𣬲ħм֮⡣
ߣƾҲܳȥ𣿡ͻȻһߣһµӰڤУֲϢ۳ҿ˿ǿµӰҲ˼ڤ֮еڤȫɪɪһ
սĿ̶ֲȾһ˿Ա⣬֪ΪΣΪȻƷڤУ˿̵Ҷ㣬޴
ҳСӣҵĵҲҷǻòͷˣ̳ܸҿһٸ翹³ֻһǾֲͬһ㣬ؼ죬ֱ졣
Ҷ㣬¶ֵĹâ֮İ벽ܣѾϤԷĿ̶ֲȣȻҲǬϴܣڤ³̶ȣϴܶ޷ƿֻ
Ҷ㽹֮ʱͻȻһֵֻץסͺһߣ
ҶһݣһɾԨ֮УȻԨ֮Уûеһ˿ɱ⣬ԲûжŶɱԷ
һ֮ʱȻֵַ˲ǱˣӣһϹĹѨԲϱУӪ
ûĹ֮Уûõκ챦õһʬ壬˾ǣһʬʬ壡
ʬѾʴֻʣһؾӨĹͷ֪ͷֵǣ˵ʬһָǣ涼׵Ͻ𵤣޼ۡ
߳ƬĹеɲǣʱ治ԾһӰƾӹ֮ʱʱӰǱˣǴҴѵҶ㣬ųȡ
ܹƭսģΨǲ
ӣлǡҶסӵ֣֣صĵڶһƬ֮ʱɻ
֮䣬̸л⣬ﲻǱĵطһ֮Ĺ£ӰԼ˵һ飬˵˵ص֮˵˴õĶܵص㡣
ã̫ˣҶһڶĹң۷ž⣬ʬĸȾ£ɢ㣬ϢĸȾ֮£ƺΪҲ
£Ҷ½һ֮󣬱볤ıչ֮С


һαչأһҶҪһıϣһ棬Ҫ˸һҶ㣡
ҶħҶһħµҶ㣬ñԴ֮죬ñԴһ𴿽ûκ覴õҶ㣬ȻҶ㣬ûһ鲨һ׷۷
Ҷħһ֮ҶһҶħֳеҶѾȫɳһĳˣڤУҲ˲˵꣬ʹ꣬ٶ͡
ԣٶȷֻ꣬һ꣬õѡ񣬵ȻҶΪ͵һĴڣ˵ǰ
ôӿıԴֻ֮һˣҶħЩޣ̳еħģȻޱ̰ԼƴıҪһûκιϵļһ⡣
ߣ֪ʲôĿǳ½Ʊã׼ΪƾΪܹǿĴ½ϻ÷ˮ𣿡
ߣЦ֮ŴĴǲǿߣң̩ȫ򿪱ݣЩм壬һӵϣƽδ⣬磬ЩµĴȫ֣ƾΪֻеķݣ
Ҷޱȣ䶡ĿҶħҶħ˼䣬ɭȻĿ⣬׵飬־壬ȻʶûдеҶļ䣬ƺǼ䣬ֻһУ
ֻ˵ΪҳΪһžͷܹ绽ꣿߣҸ㣬ڲĿʼҵһ֮ʱԵĴգ
ֳһ꣬ŬֲʱĲ㣬ܲ׾ο½ƱãЩǿУֻһ̣ҪȺ֮ҶħֻԼ򣬶в
Ҷ֮ɲǣеĸܵʵСвֱ죬ָоδȥ
˵øҶħоտտ
ǣһ˫꣬ǱһˣôҲ䣬;ƿݣΪǸõĻȥֻһ·Ǿٷֳһ꣬ΪṩеһУΪһϴܣʱǣֻ㣬²ź޼ɵ
ΪǬΪӦΣߣЦ֮ǿҵǱҪҶݣҽպΪȻߵĲΣ
ΪҶķҶħҲɵӣĻУȻе⣬صͷ
£˿ԥתΪȻǣһ죬ֱԾȥҶеıԴ֮󣬱ס漴һ
꣬Ǳ˵ģҶʩչֻ֮˺ѷεʹڰԼĻ˺ѿһֶλǳģҶ㣬룬һͬ뱾Դ֮ľӨУ
޾ķ޼ʵľԪȫΪǵ֮У꣬һȫµˡ
˷ˮһ㣬ƺʱѵĿܣҡҡλΣ˫գӼΪ¡
ҶֱֳԴ֮ԼĴĽ࣬Դ֮ˮɱΪһ̶ģ
ãҶħҳҶ㶸ȻһȣѻٶһȫµУգһʱ䣬ɽȲѡ
£Ҳ˽ĿȴһƬµĻ𺣣Ҷ㴦У·ĳֻ񹦣ҡҡͷҲûдš
ʱڻٶеѾ״òΣ絶ոһּĸо˫ȭһе״̬ʮ䡣
䣡䣡䣡
ɽд¡¡죬·ĹҪը鿪һ㣬ɫҪ̽飬ʶתɲǣʱһգһĻΨнȴԾ׳һ
˰£֮δͣЪɽеҶ㣬ȴ۵͸Һô˴֮ĹĻĹͱ鿪ˡ
ɣ
Ҷһȣڷٶе˲û˫òԴ֮󼸽ɺԣеǧϷ꾫ԪȫķѴȫҶ㻹ûһ㶯ҶħͨΪȫҶ㽽塣
ʱƶǰµӣգѾҶչصĵʮˣһ죬ͻȻ񷴫һֲĹȫը鿪
Ҷ㣬򱻻Уû˿ڸЩʲô



ʮ 
֮Ҷ²߳Ĺ߳ɲǣĹȫ鿪Һл˼ٳڤйսǴȥ
ħĿе֪Щӣڤг׽ˣа̽ȫȫҶ㣬ʱ£ȴջ
ֱյһ춯ص𶯣ڤȫڶűа̷ֵֻ֣ʱҶѾɹƹض
ʮöڤ񵤣ȫ㣬֮УܳȥȻ㣬ֻҪȥˣǶ˲лᣬ㲻Ҫѣȫ£ǵһ⣡ħ֣صͷڽڲᡣ
Ҷ˵ˣħֻǵЦЦû˵ʲôֻ˵Ҷɾ֮ʱһѼɣҶȻӦϾö
£Ҷ£ħ˸ǣԵѰ·֮ʱضǰǶˡ
Ҷֻ飬Ҷ㣬Ҷħ֮⣬ûκ֪Ȼչ£Ҷڳɹ˷ֳ꣬Ҷ㣬ż͵
ҶҶһ㲻һ׷ͫ˸ĹâҲûκ࣬ûһ˿ϻʱ䶼Ŭ
ڹĹɽеӣһ£ڻٶ˲ɣҲõֵĲ䣬γɶ˸񣬵ǲж˸񣬱ܺͳһ˼гˡ
Ҫ򣬿ǻۣһȫµˣΪҶҪֳķһӤһҪǿĿǿߣ
ȻʱԴ֮ڽ˸֮ѾĴеǧűҲȫ鿪ɾ޼
·ȴһƬտգûνǻۣοΪˣ
գҶҶħſԼ磬Ҷ㽫֮ȫ·֮С
ҶħҲԼĲȫ飬֮УΪĽ£ʹ·ʵ̫ˣһ޼ʵĹŵأޱߣһ󣬾ҶҶħҲ·İ
ʯգİʯᾣݲ˵һľ󣬵ȴûһ̲ģ˵γһ˼ӵǻ۵ˣ
ʯ֮֮ڤ֮ȣĴԼʮ֣ҶҲû˿ģȫ֮УΪǻۣʹبĲë֮ϣ
Ȼ͹ֵ֧£һ˿ڶγһ޼ǻۣ
һ̣Ҷ㶸ȻڼǵϽ𵤣߶޾ʹ·ǻ۷ǣȴûһֻ̣ϸµۣͷԣϸ·ԼŬĳǿ־˵һ
˰£ķҶҶħȫҶֲòԼѪΪ
ڣһ׷ͫҶˣӻٶ˳ûһ˿鲨ĶҶҶħö˲һ
ããӽͽҶ㣬ҶĵڷܣŬļ壬ʺԸ񣡡Ҷ㳤Цһŵͷͫ׺Ҷ㲻һطȫһģһҲҶһź¡
ҶħθոսӴҶ㣬ͱһɾ˳û뵽ڶ̶̵£Ҷ㾹Ȼһıϣ죬ҿŬ̶ȣ¾죬Ҳֻ֮ң
ҶǼ㣬ŬڷĻڣǰʱ˷ѣҲԵõֲܿɹǣĸ鲨㣡ҶοĵͷصҶļ
ҶħƵĵͷȻҶϣҲõٺôһζα飬䵽ԺЩҶҶħݣͷǷȱ̫࣬޷ֲҶ㣬ʱ䣬Ͱһݵɡ
ţƺʺҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬֪ܹ뿪ڤУﲻģ񣬾ǷһӶҪЪϢҪŬһ飬мǣ˵һУҪͷǧҪ֣Ҷ֣ؾҶ㡣
Ȼ˵ĲҪͷȻͷλһ壬һپ٣һֽĹͷҶǷתǬĴã
ҶصͷҶħһۣгϸ΢ĸ鲨漴ವһʧԭأ漴ǧҫҶ㶼޷֪Ҷ㵽ȥˣ
һĻҶĻο壬ԵͷתһǿֲХ֮أҲǺͰԴսĿ
ǰҶͱݳһ˿ӵһݴԵȻޱȣƺһ׮Ե֮һ죬Ѱҵһ˿ȥĹ
ΪԭҶã֮УҪʧܶգǰһʱֵڤǿǾĶҶ㻹֪Ҫãá
ֱڤĵ֮ʱȻ֣ٶǰհͰĵ·ȥ㣬ĳɾҲ͵ִﵽ칦֮˵ĵزҲ߲ȥ
Ȼؼķٶһͨ۷֮··;ҲҶһֱ׷ľ硣
ȻҲҪõٶϾ˷ٶĲգԼߵ·Ҳ᫲
ݳĴԵƺϢϢأҶĳ۲ѣ԰ݱħ¶ˣһǰڤ
֪о쳣˵ǿµԶֻѹɱ֪Ŀ³̶ȣȻа̡
˱Դ֮а̾ԲưոݣսĿֲΪҲʶٶȽ٣ƾҶĿǰΪԵ
Ҷħһ壬ñ֮ʱأʱҶˣһ˫꣬ͬɱս壡ҶģѾսټƺǰ
ɱҶħѾսΪǼʶģ뻹£Ҫɱܲȡ
ߣɱޣҶһҶħΪһ֮ζ䣬һʧԭأ
սѾ֪ҶҪһ̽ڤǰغҲҶͷʹѡ
תתγһͼȴɢûһҶ㷴ݣڣ¶һĨЦݡ
ֻһ㣬һ˳Ұ֮УҶ㵱ͷһ˵ʶʱҶٿأ漴һ˵֮С
䣡䣡䣡
˶ŽţŶѨ˹ȥͬڵϣΪ𶯣Ȼս֪۾΢΢һмĹâ
еҶ㣬ݣȨףڣݳһ˿ǿ֮ʱ
ﾹȻŲ𣡶ǿǲĳ壡



ʮ 
ҶĿȻһƥֵؼ䱼ڣӿҪʲôƣɫĻ֮ϣ˸ŵ⣬ͬշħȦһס
һƥȻǲůһĻ棬쳣ܹγޣгΪһԼĿ£ǽգֳ֮ͨ飬Ŀ𣡡Ҷо˸ޱ֮
˵պĳɾͺϢϢأֻҪõ𣬱леĵӶݷٶ۷壡

ڿҶ֮ʱһŭһȵĻ涸ȻȵϢռȫڻ
Ҷ㣬򱻿µƳףɫճɻң⻹ȴٶȳ죬Ļ¾Ҫգڴˡ
ÿֲĻ棡Ҷ۷žâ֮ʱжȻ⣬һƬϢƺһصĻ
͵һȻɱȥȻһȴûη壬񱩵ŭ
δɣ㱻µ𣬳ճ˻ң
ʲôǲ£ҶħʶվҶ֮Уħǳ棬𣬵ػ֮ģԴ֮ڤֻ棬ǱԴ֮Ĵ֮£ȫɳΪ塣
ҶħĲ֮£ݱ䣬ΪһֺĻ֮ȣ
ˣ
ͻȻһҶıһױȵĿ°ͼ̫ǾͷںһҶĽ߶£ɡ
Ȼâ֮ʱ֮Ҳ˲両ǰֻ˵һͷȫ֮֮ڣһֺǿĻ֮
飡
Ҷ㶸Ȼһȣֱû˿ȴΰȻһ𣬿µֱӱܲȫɢ
һɸӿµĻ߷Ҳ䣬޵һǧ˿ߣವһֱץȥ
ҲӹһĨâ͵ȴȻĻ棬ͻȻһ漴һɾס
ӶᣡҶޱȣƸǹĪ䣬ֻ۵һαεĽס漴һģȻ٣ֱס壬趯ţȵϢֱеĿռȫڻ
𡭡
Ҳܲס˿ֲһľ޺ҪѣȴֱԴס޷һ˿춯
ߣ𣬸Σ
֮ͨһգڤԿףһӡţˣڤ֮ĪҲӣҲҶҹעһҪԭ
ǣǣǣ
Ȼÿֻ֮ҪתӴܣȴȥ·նϣԴס˵ڵûһ˿ʱ˵ΪޣΪ⡣
忪ʼѿһƿھ£ըѿ֮ʱ֮ͨ鼤һµĹâȻ֮ϣɲ֮䣬ڵһͬ«һ㣬Ȼһػ棡
𣡺𣡺
ڿˣ֪ٲ³ֻһǾһӣȫΪͽˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ķͷ֮ϸֳŸ֣٣ߣԣУڣǰ
һȫɫµϢӴƣԶŵҫ񳯵󣬻ب޽ľ޴һ˲ȫ
پ˻ģ棬ֿµϢڲ϶Ȼ
ɱ
ɱƺҪɱأɱһУɱһرɫپ˻ģɱһУ㺭壡
ߣΣҪɱңΣҶ͵תϣͬҡһ㣬ҶħԦ֮ͨ飬֮
һ̣֮׻ΪһԽϹţ˸񳯵ķٻľ󣬿ƿֲ֮
𣡡
Ȼ䣬Ҷ㷢һȣ֮Ǿ֮ȫײһ𣬻ԻطƴһսҶҪշֻҪ³ֻһǾ
䡭
ͻȻطһֲ׵죬֮;֮ضɱһǿǿƻֺ֣أµ˳𣬲㽫ҶײȥǷҡҷɽݡ
һ̣Ҷ۷ž⣬ζȻ͵һֻ֣֮ˢâ֮ȫΪޣԶΪҶ㿪ٳһ·
𣬱µƼ巢죬һ㣬ȻĿȻһӰͬ׵һ˹ٶȿ쵽˼£գۼҪȴԼıԴֺݺݵס
̣
Ҷ͵ſڣһɰ˳Ȼס״Ļ֮£۵һǲıԴ㱻
ͣ
ȫûзӦɱ֮ʱû˿Ӧ֮УӦ֮ʱԴѾֵ
죡Ҷٶʵ̫ˣ˷ӳòʹʧԼıԴҶħԦ֮;ֶԿ˵ҶһͣͲսҶħǷĺôҶе̫
Ҷ㣬ᣬɨһ·ûӶıԴ
ûᣡҾͳշҳ죡ҶЦڣռ˲ıԴ˵˱Դ˳صʱ𣬸ǳֵһᣡ
𣡺
ͣڣҪƱϣٶȻ壬ҶԿҶ˫һ壬ߵѵ㻹ҶԿԲ
Ҷ㲻мɨһۣԴ֣֮ɨ£ıԴҶ磬Ϊһ֡
Դһ̣ľڶҡˣҶҲ¶һ˿ܿɹЦݡ
𣡡Ÿ翹ĲҶȻ֣һɻ֮ţ𱻹âɨУΪһƺ̣¼ȫ飬ֻʣһ龧ӨĲ飡
֮ԳΪ飬ΪԲ֮ԨԶһֲ֮УǾʧֻʣһĪ飬ȻһλԶŴܵ£Ϊһ޼𣬲
λ֮ʱԼյľ֮أȫ֮Уʹţ˴ԣвžأɱһеĿֲܣعغһϵԶŰأԱ֮͡
ӹŵ治֪жٴ£ǰ̡
һˣҶ㽫븹Уһ̣·Ų˼䣬ϢɢڰٹϴԣǱǿԡ
Ȼһ̣ľҲ˲˼ı仯



ʮ ܽ
վս壬ͻȻеҡΣʱִڿ״̬ڿΣ۷žâʲôֻ֪ǰԵĿĿľΪѹ
˿̣ڿ״̬һƺʲô֪һ㣬еľսǰһϧȴ֪Ҷ֮ǰĿֲ죬ǱҶ㼤ŭҶ𣬳Ϊĸ֮
սԭⲽûǰ򶨣û˼Ϊÿ˶Ǹʱ򣬾а̣Ҳ˱ܡ
ûǻۣ˼ĳǿ߿¡ĸƷû˼ȴ쳣ǿΪΪǿµΪʹڤбǵ¡
ֻϧֱ˶ûκ춯ƺûнӵһ㣬ֱսϢһʧӰ٣˶ûκƶҲûһ㶯
ȻԾʱͻȻ֮뵽ʲôȻתȥҪʧķ˹ȥ
֮ˣΪ㶨ҶͶѡ˵أȴû뵽죬Ҷȴûһ㶯Ψһֵ˾һ̣Ȼˣ벻ͨһڣʱʣ
Ҷ㣬һսȻ˵뵽Ҷټһӱ׹˸ˣҶ㣡
٣֪о̫𣿡
ͻȻһս嶸ȻһޱȿֻţתעĿ֮ʱȻһӰ
һɳȵϢ񷽵䣬һҰ֮ڣȻµ֮ʱȻһɫüΪѿ
㣿Ǹٰˣ㣿񱩣춯ػ˻㣿ս弸Լ۾Ȼ֣Ҷƺ֮ǰЩһˣ
ôôͲʶսǰĶϻһָɥȪգѵͲ˵Щʲô𣿡ҶЦս壬¶ĳ
Ǳа̣䱾Դ֮һѶˣսȴһָ㽫Ҷ͵ػɱҶɥ֮Ȯһ㣬׷û̻̲գ̤أҲҪ͵͵ģСıս巢֡
ǣ죬˲֮Ҷ۷֮·飬ս壬򼤷޷߿Եһ£ǰѰ
ޣһ˵Ľᣬö֮ħһĴڣǿ߲ʱ⿪۷֮·һϣµ·裬Ե۷塣
ߣȻּùļôôҴҡڵ߳ĪΪ˿µΪҪȡڶݵ֮սɫùž޲Ҷ㣬¶Ĳм֮ɫ
°ܽ
ĩβĸβĸּΪģ˵˴ٰܣּпܻȥҶĵģҲ˵һ仰ҶƵ˾ʧܣĵıȻ鿪·Ҳ֮ը飬Ļȫһ

Ҷŭһȴûһʾڣֱս壬ⶸһۣһɿµֱȥ
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սֻоԴֱ죬ɫޱȻţףΪʲô̶²Ҷǿ£ƺսѾޱƽ
ⲻܣа𣡡սϾҲͨˣаתǳ˿ɱȣڶݵʧ񣬱㶸ȻʶҶûô£Ҳǿ
ս壬һ۷ǿߣֻһҪϣﵽ벽ܵĵزҶ㣬޾⣬ǴŵЦ֮ɫٿҶ㡣
ȻжҶҲЩƭʧֶΣǳ˿Ա⣬ֻڵǲľֶΣĻĻ編ɱΣֻϧĲǺͬһĴڣս壬ϾͷߣͨˣܱСƭǶңЦ֮
ȻһȣҶˣ
ЦҿЦŶԣҶ˲ƶٶֱ£֮󷢣ֱɱս壡
𣡡
һָûκλڣöһ⣬һɭȻĽֱ˵ɱȥֲ֮
ָ񶦣֮Ȩ˵ĹһָҲ򵥣״⣬ȴɱҫָͷ˵ָ
սָ߷Ľ߶Ľͨϰٱǧ
˿̣жȻһ֮վԭصҶ㣬ζȻ˰벽ǻٶȻָ򣬻縹ȫը鿪ֱ룬һǳǳݵأҶú˶ȥŲŵ֮͵һͣ˫ذ
ؿѪǿ֮
ÿµһֲָõղڴ˵أǣߣսϹȻܶ࣬аʬǣΣһвΪͽ£Ҷо˸һѽٶץС
ս壬¶ĹâȻѹ׵ıһһ˿µرս壬Ϊܱס𣿡
ҶһαҲٿԴֱɱս壬Ŀ
ţ㻹֪㴳뱾Դ֮֮ǰǱԴ֮Ҫһֹ㿴ıԴ֮󣬲֮ʣµһֶѣսоտտ˫һڣֹֻǶʱӨ͸ͬһ㣬ɢĵ⣬ĳ
Ȼֻ֣֮
˼壬֣֮Ĺս֮󣬳Ϊһ֣֮Ϊܴ߷һָҪԭ򣬱֮˫֣
õ㾹ð˴Σգ֣֮ҲԲСߣҲûȥˣҶޱɭȻȴսЦ֮
ǰҲ˵ģ׷ͬɥ֮Ȯʱգ˵ֱһаܱѵ㻹˵Ͳ·ͷ𣿺٣οħսʤòҳ֣ı飬ľԻһ˰ɣ
ս˫һܿȫڤ֮еȫڴˣ䵽ͷ֮Уһ̣սµĲƿ£
죬ս壬ֲıԴ֮ߣа̷ֱһУΪ̫ˣ㿴ҵʲôΪ
ֻҶһȣսµһϣ漴ըѿ
죿ôľ磿սɫһ䣬˿̵Ҷ㣬Ϊһ۷壬죡
ɵ֮ʱķٶԶת֮ɣȫһ壬ȫ壬ΪҶһۣһ̣Ϊһ죬һ¥
ȻһĻսԾޱȣϾ۷ǿߣһ漴¶Ц⡣
ѵΪļһսʤңѵ㱻ʤ֮׷úͿˣǿЦ⣬ǡսɫһɫޱѿķʱͬһݺݵˤ飡
ܣܣΪôٶȷǣﵽ죡ⲻܣԲܣսҲֲ˹ž޲ޱӣǱ쳣ɫֻޱȡ
Ϊһ̣ҶΪǣ죬ֱԾ죬죬վȻ۷֮ͣ
ֱ˿̣ҶΪȻսһ޶ͬ۷ǿߣһĻ˭ֻޱȣޱȡ
죬ս廹̫ԾһԾΪĿǿߣսȫޱȣ˭һĻ־壬£Ϊ½ϣû˵ֶΣٵΣ
Ҷĵȷȷ죬ҲʼǰԵеҪԭս۷ǿߣȻ֪Ȼֻ죬˵ѰҲᱻɱ
ǽȴ˴һΪҶλһ壬һҶ㣬ҶħҶ㣬ҶħҶ֮࣬Ҳųϱڣﵽ졣
Ҷ㣬ڶ̶̵İ²ǧջһ㣬Ϊһ̫ԣ̫⣬Ʊϣִ죡
˺壬Ҷûг֣ȴͨռ䴫䣬ȫעҶϣһ̣ҶΪǣڵִ뾳磬սһ죡
ôܾ𣿺ߣȵ黹ں棡ǸɣҶ㶸ȻһȣͬսҶһ顣
θǱҶȫסһܣ
ҿ˲ƣս״ãΪǿ֣Ҷһ㿴µսһͻȻԾļһսǱҪǿһأԼ˵Ŀ̶ֲȡ
ս壬һ̣ŵøεѣ
˫ּһ⼤ֱɱҶ㣬ǹâ޽ӽҶ֮ʱֻ̧һһһ٣漴ͬ˪һ㣬֮ըѿ
սͫһһʧĹâŶη˱ܶȥҪܿϾҶһ̫ˡ
Ǵ߷񽣣ԷȥԼĿ³̶ȣսˣ֪ܲн˵ĵ

һȣ֮ͬը죬׶֮䷢ֲ̫죬֮ȴһֻǵصĴ֣
ԭž޲ԶĿޱ飬һаϵƽ𣬾Ȼһ̣¶޿־֮ɫҲû֮ǰƽһжӡ
ɲ֮䣬һ֮ĲҽжȻս屻ס漴ֱʺѪҺֻ˿ڣֻ׷ɶ

ޱȣ˻֮ս˫Ŀͨ죬ֲľʹϮķ־ֻԼϻֱ۰Ȼڶ̶̵ɲ֮䣬㱻ݺնȥ
ָֻ߸Ҷ̧һץϵѪȫ޳Ѫڹϣȴ˿մӨ͸Ĺâʮ֣֮Ҷ¶Цݡ
֣֮˵һͨĵ·ҪǣֵܽĻܣ״֮УĴ
һˣ¶Цݡ
ս壬Ҫ翹𣿡ʱսɫݺᣬ˸˸ĶҶ㣬ֲɭȻ֮
֮սģߣҶ㣬ƾŹң֮𣬽֮ޣߣȵսձؽ֮֮꣬⣬ӡɱ֮ڣʹ࣡սޱɭȻҶ㣬һҧгݵӣ޲жնɱҶ㡣
ֻϧֶۣʵۿۣҪӦսҶ㣬һܵ飬ս嵱ϣҶ㣬սģ
գҪһˣҶտտ⣬Ȼĳһֻ֣ݺݵ䣬µƿأֱץʧӰ
Ȼս״ο֮ʱѾ׼£ѲټҶץ£ҲΪ
ߣΪܵ𣿡ҶȻһЦޱȵţٶץ£ʧıӰȻͬʷĳʷ֮о˳



ʮ ħ
սƲãȥҶһʵ̫ˣǿΪ˵һнսܣлѾõĽҲ֮ȥ
ֻؼʱ̣սܣҶ״Цһֶκȣʵ̫ˣ
ƿһצһצһԾبɫƬһȻ٣ֱգսȻצץ˳
ƾҲ𣿺ߣΪһְɣҶһЦޱȣΪĿǿߣƬأҲ۷Ĵڣа̵ĶץУǿˣ
սҶ˳ɫӱѪմȾɭȻİ׹Ǵ˫ߴ˳ɭȻֲΪˡ
ҶĴצӣʤκδצսϣֲʹɽȶɭޱȡ
Ҷ㣡֪Ǻˣ㾹Ҿнңսһ֮ɫû˫ֵֻ첲Ҫֵȴ߷ķצǰûһã׾ٵıãžʧ룬󾪵
ʲôˣʲô˶ҶɭȻĽһ⣬սҲߣλһ壬죬ɼĿ³̶ȣ
һצȻȻսĹͷϣ
Ҷ㣬ס֣ɱңضڤ˵ķŭʱ򣬱˵㣬ڤУҲȫ𣡡սɫţ˿Ѿ˲ôˣΪ˻ò˵жܡ
ߣΪСƭùңҶЦһ˿˿ԪƬȡս鵤ҩҪǣоȻڤ֮ģ
Ƿƭ㣬Ӧ֪
սһĨӵĹâҶ㣬ڵΨп־壬Ͼǰһʵֲ̫ˣΪȻ죬սȻǲ
֮Ҫ֪˶꣬Ҳֹֻֻ֮ǣ֮ҶоȻһ˱Դ֮Ŀֲ
һҪͨ죬ɱ㣬һܹõҶ¶ЦȻһţս类Ҷݺݵץ˳
һӨ͸˸ŵ磬һְԵӰ֮УڣҲҶ֮ĵһֻԣƺЩ졣
ͻȻȻ뵽ڤ֮еĴԣ̲ŷ˰Եİ壬ֻҶ֮ʱְ̫ϡͲܱˡ
ڶȻףǷ˰Եİ徹Ȼս֮У˵սİ˿ڤеְԣ
㣡
Ҷ㶸Ȼһȣ˫ֺݺһ𣬰֮ȫû֮УһִİԷһ磬Ҷ֮ҫ̫쾡¡
֮ȻϮת֮䣬ȻһŲֻǴ֮ȻſһֻѪڣݺݵһ̣â֮£ǴȻǡ
һħݻɣ䳹׳֮ʱȻһɫһ̣Ҷ㾪ȵķ֣֮ƺҲͬһȻҲ֮Ϊ棡
ᴥ֮£Ȼ֮ɵ֮ʱȻһ飡
ս嵱ͱǱԴ֮ǺͰԣȻǴ£ҶˬսȫԵ
ȻҲ˼ı仯֮ס֮γһʹһ
Ҷ㣡ս巢һҺ˫ĿԲɣŭӿҶ㣬һһٵĵҲ˿Ҽ䣬ûκܿ
Ҷ۹һתսҪ˵ʲôΪ𾪣ڴεݣȻֲһ˿ߣ
һ·ұڤܣΣսҲǸԹɫˣҶԥ֪š
ãҴӦ㣬ܣҾͲɱ㣡Ȩ֮ҶεͷΪڲϣֻҵһַ̫ΣգΪţ
ҶĲðգսĻ΢֪ڤ˵гȥϣ
飡
սͬ«һҶݺһû˫֣ʧȥս壬ݺһˤɢˣʹ죬ǱѾ˲ܻ࣬Ǵˡ
˵ɣҲϻһ䲻ʵӦ֪³Ҷ˫һ˿սͷϣһԣ³ǻҷ
ҵƭ㣬ڤҽģҲǵһģս岻ڻãһڱȫȻȫƣսˣԭ˲ˡ
ҶֻǵͷȻѾϵ
ڤˣħ𣬴ʮǰҲϹŵһħһΪֲǿֶζޱȣ֮أûһڣԱ˳Ϊħ𣬸д˵ڤĴˣѰ𡣡
սСĵĿҶһۣޱ飬ƺĲɣҲӴ⣬ɤӼħ߳½ǧ֮ͻȻʧĻŵ֪ǧ֮˴ޣԲòҸƧְȫ֮Կڤ
˵ڤǸħҶһһʵ̫ˣҪ֪ڤڴ½Ҳһյأû˸
Ȼм䣬ûħڣͬʱҲȷսԣһʵħһ˿档
Ҳ֮ͬҲңҲ֪ǻȻֹսһϽ
ҶĿ΢΢һأ
ˣҿ֮ˣҲ֪ڤֲ֮аһһģˣֻˣȴûֻתЩûʶΪǵˣ궼ˣôܻȥ
սҡҡͷƺڸп˵
ᵽˣҶ㲻һϹͥҲкŵȴǧ˷֮ͥͬǰ˵ЩͬʹһĴڣǱĹתͶڰ
죬ս֪һأЩ˸ʲôȥģǱƳ˿ܣûʶ
ˣ˵ȥ
ǻһҳעԵֳ֮ͨǰ֣Ϊ仰аУҲŲ׷ɱ㣡Ϊֻ֪Ҫõ֮ͨ飬Ҳĳȥõħµı⣡
һжжûȻʣޱȣҶ۽ȴ΢ɲĳ鶯һ£Ǿ仰ħû²£
֮ͨãͷϲȻ֮ͨ鲻ǼһĴڣ˴ڸ֮⣬á
Ļ֮ͨһƷһĴڣӽڤ֮󣬸ûκã
ڤĳȥҶЩţսһ󣬲ûа취ȴսҡͷ
ûУǰңûгȥĿܣҲа֣ͼĹ켣һϸ죬ȥȴӭһɿµľǺڶһľ̫ˣ꣬£ĵɫҰޱȡ
ɼǺڶ𺳣ΪֹٴӲ
ҶһַͲ˵Ȼ࣬뵽ſѪͻȻ֮ǰҳеѪλҲնɱİɣ
Ȼս建ͷǣǴԽʱգϽ罵ٵǿߣȴⴳڤУҲ˵ùɣӲ֮£ֵ궼Ǻڶ÷飬ֻʣһ̲Ѫû뵽ʱ䣬ȻԼʶ
Ȼˣս壬㲻ҲҴԲѣˣ֪Ķ˵ҶһЦûͷļһЦ
ڤУڤһϱڣ֮ͨˣлĶ֮Уħ֮أսһ˵֮ǳһ㣬̱ڵϡ
ĵף꣬˵ȴĽһ㣬ĳһˬ
ҶɭȻͷһϽ˵㣬ҪʲôӦҵģܸ㣬ͷһ·
˵ֻ˵ɱ㣬һ·û˵ģҶĽŲͬڤ֮ǰֲޱȡ
ս壬ڼ辫Ԫ׼ңģĲΥŵԣҶĻսƿڴ
СˣǸҪ޳ܵСˣսʹڣޱȣǰâȻʧӰ٣Ȼһֵֻסˣ
ߣΪʲôҲ֪ͼıң³ֻһһҴ󷢴ȱһ·⣬ģұһͨˣһ˰ɣ
֮£צѾץ£צգֲףȻ֮£Ȼһֱֱѹȥս嶸Ȼһը
ľԪƬԼﵽѨеȫһգ̶ӣսڵбܼ尾һ㡣
Ĳҽڶսʹˣʹ΢ػ֮ʱȻΪȻβʣ

ŭһսһѪ˫ĿͻأһԵڵϣ
˵Ǿ𣿵һҲǸӰɡŵѪеս壬һĨϸ΢ĺûȴŭģɷ֮Ƕ˰
ҶĻһûʹʹȥ
ս֮Ҷʧ磬ҶħҲҶ£ع½ȥػԼļˣѾ㶨ãɽҪ£ӦļĻ飡
ҶħȻΥҶοһȻϲٱȴ죬õսбأ֮ǰֵа̴һ顣
ֻ˵Ҷ㣬ûлڤУǰŶһֱȥսĻУõһĽۣǾڤвڤľͷħԵһ·
Ҳ˲еһ棬ǻ澹Ȼ֮⣬ǰףһ̣ͻȻףԭǲħԵ˵ļ
˵ڤежϼΪУѾ㶨Ҫջ񣬾ǿ֮ϣǲ𣬹ȻҶݳĴԵ²ֻǼ
£ƿ˿棬Ŷһ·ȥ
ȻˣսԲȻһĵ·죬ҶڤһĴ
ûܹ֣ΪȻںڶ֮УҪָԼҶ㵨ϸĲܷ֣
һˣ֮ͨ飬Ҳð˴գ˺ڶΨҶ㣬㶨һ֮һ޷˵̤˺ڶ
û뵽ڶս˵˺ڶȫһΪħڵ֮ʱһ··ΪΣû֮ͨ黹ָҵ³Ҳֻһڶɵɢ
Ҷ̤ڶ֮УĸоƺϢΪĴ߻ܹΪ˲СʱΪȻȫ



ʮ ӡ
սпֲĺڶȻҶȴһأڶͬŨһ㣬òɢ
ҲñҶ㣬Ϊֳ֮ͨ飬ܹԴ
ڶһƬǰĳҶģһխͨΨһһȫ߳ڤеĵ·
˽СʱҶڿǰĹխͨ·˳ȥȻӳģȴһֵӡ
ո̤Ŀռ䣬Сȴˣ߱չصĴڡ
ӡ˸Ĺԣ룬ȴǰȥһ飬С֮ͨһ
ӡ˵ϣһƱܳҵĻпֲţнƣԣⲻǽƣ⡭ϢƵϢ
Ҷ𾪣漴ϲɫ֮ǰõ˲ֻΨо΢ͻƣԷٶĲ䣬ǲϸ
ʹûͣͣҶаżǰսսûʩչΪûгں
һԣҶһ֮ͨм۶ȥһӱĵİݴͻȻ䣬һ֮Ĺſ
ˣˣˣ
ռ䲻ͣҡֻӡâһ֮漴âȻըһ̣ȻһµͶӰ
ԵˣˡҡεĿռ䣬һ֮̾Уռ䶸ȻޱȣһĻҶȴ𾪡
һӰͶӰ֮УӰ棬ƳףĿ࣬ʮģ˿Ҷ㣬Եͷ¶һĨŹֵɫ
Ҷ㣬ǰմҶһܵӰӲûж⡣
Ҿħ𣡡ЦЦ˸ףһȻģ۽ȴ֮ɫӢ۳ĺ֮С
Ҷ㶸ȻһħǿڤˣԼ֤Ŀ̶ֲȣ˵ֻһ𺳣Ŀãȴһױȵľ
ħңֻϧӢĩ·֮ǰһǿⲻڻˣޣ㿴ģҵµһ˿רΪµģħ𵭵˵
רΪµǰε֪һֳ֮ͨҶһһǣݴǧ磬ǰδҲκ߶
ս壬յݲǾ£õĸһƤëҲ޷ҶȷλãȻߣͲ㣬˵ʲôһ˿ĳ˶ˣ
ʮǰұݳһ˿δֻ̫СҲûе棬Ȼʱ䣬ʱ޿̲ݣڵóһۣǾҽ䣬ȴ˰ѵ²ȥ֮ͨ飬ҲɻϹҺ͹ԪõѣرΪԿףڤ
˵䣬ħȻûһ˿־壬еֻһ˿ε̾ϢһĻҶд
ħǳԽĴڣΣջһǿµ˿棬У̤ϸߵ۷壡
ˣ˵ЩˡҲӦ֪ħʲôˣΨһûп϶ģûɣħڰ֣˵󣬲ԳЦЦ
ȴԵˣһܹ²ˣ㣬ǸԵˣħֵָָӡ
˵ӡвӡһľ̺Ų֮ԴֻҪӡܳɹ֮벻ջ񣡵ȻӡҲľڤ࣡
꣬Ҷ֮ɫ࣬ﾹȻڤڣҲ˵ֻҪӡһԾţΪڤˣ
ǺǣСһż˵꣡ħȻҶ֮⣬ЦЦĽţ֤ڤļֵ
ҵԼģϣ㲻ҪıԴȻ͸㣬ļ񣬲𣬾û̫ˡڤħ¶ζЦݡ
ǰл˵ǣ˵ģǿȡҲûһ죬ǵһĿϣǰȻ̸Ҳ㣬ҶǸˣһССĲԴֵͷҵĴݣ
ҶĻЩֱֱȥûһ˿ΣֵܻˣοħϹŵһħĻ
֮⣬ǼΪȷڤ͸ңҸת֮壡
ȻħѰʲôˣ̳²ʵ϶ǷϻҪıΪת֮壬Ҫԭ
֮ǰ˵ĹûʣһΣҶǴˣȻѾĻ
ãԿԣħûдŭǹЦϲ򽻵ˣ֣һľӣһڵСˣ˵θġ
αӣû꣬ͷͱһҶ˵ûħķУǴЦ
Եˣô֪һأҼȻ˵ڤİأȻǰڤ͸㣬Ϊһ£ֻҪˣڤҼʮϵأȫ֮
˵Ҷ˫ž⣬ֻħ˵һҪҵҵת֮壬ʱΪͽ
Ҷһ֮ɫ˭û뵽ħȻ˵һ仰ΪͽòҶĲ
ϼһɵӣø꣬ҲһˣһļһΪͽⲻӵ
ҪΪͽ㲻Ҫ𾪣˵ʵԣȻҪǲΪͽٺ٣ҲõڤϼһﾹȻˣ
ȴҶɶͷԣϵԾδɢȥϾĻʵ̫˼ˣһӣԲα
ǰת֮壬ΪҪǿö࣬οһõܹһ죬ֺαΪͽҶüͷ壬˼ܣожΣʡ
ٺ٣˾Ͷˣġ˵˵ħٺЦ˼Ǽ˴һ㡣
ҶĿһۣתߣûһ˿ͣһĻȴħһ
ԵˣǸʲôȥ˵Ҹ㻹𣿡ħоһҶŲͣ£ſڵҪһ˿ˣҴﵽߵľ磡
ԣҶȴЩ𾪣Ҫȥȴħסζ˵ˣ֮£ҶҲѡ˵ͷӦϾ¶ϵڱĺ£вӦĵ
£һҶУڤȫòͼǲӡãڤ֮£¶ϲ֮ɫ
ԭڤҶĻҪö࣬ø޾ʵϣⶴǰħһɡ
ֻϧõĹҲǲȱȫģټ紵ܣƻʹڤʵۿۣҶҲһرˣ



ʮ Ů
ҶӡڲӡϣħһţƬرױȵĹԣһ硣
ڽ࣬ϴӣ֮ؼʱ̣Ȼһ״Ҷ֮Уһ壬뾫Ԫ֮ڡ
һڤС䣬ڤ࣡
Եˣڤ㣬еİأѾֳʶҲ֪ǲıԴ͸㣬мǣӦҵ飬Ҫʧħ꾹Ȼֱ
ײĻȥһ̲ɫĹԣˮһ㣬ڵĹâ֮УһĨ⣬ȥ쳣
ҶҲЩȣϾôҲ벻ıԴȻħһ˿ֱ꣬˿̣ųԭİȻˡ
ı۾ԼԴ
ʱһţڼ䣬ڤ¡¡֮һлȫӳҶԺ֮Уһ̣ڳΪڤˡ
ҲĸˣڼջķᣬڤȫУĻȻҲȫ
ʱѾºħ߳ڤȻȴɫҴңڤǰҶݱ𣬼˵ģҶҲöֻǶȥ
ãɽȥ֮ǰѾõҶħĴѶԵƺд޷һ᧿ΣҶļ˸ܵҵš
ֲ֪ΪΣĽƵΪȻǵľ磬˵Ϊֲƾ֬ѩĺҶ˵ΪĶ֣οĽƵĸף֮ˣ
˵֮ⷽɲһʱ򣬱ƾһֵ֮нлɽ£ڲãɽ£λߣܵ¾
ȥزãɽҪԴͬһĴ󽫾һ㣬ֳرټϣĽǬɻߣ˵ҵλ졣
ȻҶҲ֪µĲǷĽƣͷ֮ĽƲСɫСɫȴžصá
Դʮս֮ʣĻʺʾһ𣬿˵ģ֬ѩҶΪ죬˺һ֮ϵ˸ǣȻĽƺͷĽֵ⡣
ֵζǷİĽڱҶħһŷȥΪڷĽƣҶħ֬ѩҶͬʱ֣ˣƲֹۡ
֮ͻȻ֣ȫˣûһ㻹ֵأϼһﲢûɱ֣Ƕһݻתȥ
ȻҶɲΪϼһĴɵĴڣͻȻҶ뵽ˣһ⹫ˣһĵʦӣվǵ󣬿¾㷽֣֮Ҳõ
Ҷһ·ûʱһ˼·ͬʱǰݣβֹۡ
Ҷħҳߵãɽɽ£Ҷ㲢ûмɽǽҶħгǸһҶħҶһ
ļͷѪɫҰףݲͣȻʹ֮
⵽ô£ҶѾҶħصƣҪ֪һϵҶħǵɵӣûһ¡
ôһʱ䲻ҶħȻˣͷƣûʮȬһ˿ֲɭȻ֮
֮Ҷħҧгݣ޲ʳ⣬ǿߣȻ֮һ֣ˡ
Ȼ֮͵ϮƾҶħʵˣ
ǰ󱲳֣һ͵Ϯڴ½ϣҲǵһ˵Ҷħ˵ģ֮ⷽѾ޿̣ϧԼƱػɱҶħ
ֻϧҶħҶķֻҪҶ㻹ţͺѽɱȻҲǲܣƾһķ̫֮Զ
СԲΪԲǣ۷սһսҲ룬Ϊ֪֪ףܰܵ˳ףҲ²⣬ȻѾ̤˲֮Ϊһ벽ܣ
Ҷħоâ˸Ҷ㣬Ұ׵¶һĨ֣Ȼ֮һϮɱҶħ˺ԲϵģϵĴϡ
ģһˣһΪ㱨𣡡Ҷо˸ҶħĻӡ֤ݵα飬Ȼ֮ΪҪߣ
ˣмϢ㣬֮ǰһֱû˵ǲɢעڲò㣡ҶħͻȻһЦ
Ůˣˣ
ʲôģҶһ㶣漴ϲɫһץסҶħ˷ܵĴебѾ֪ǱȻϢ̲סϲ˷ܡ
ҿۡҶħһҶץĵط˿ڣҶϲģҲűЦЦ
ҵˣҾҪˡΪˣǵһ˷ܣѪĴУǺͶŮĽᾧȵ֪ԼҪ˷ܰٱǴûйĸоˡ
ָоһ˿õ



ʮ ͻƾ
ȵȣȥаЩ飬ɽϻȥӦҶо˸˵һŵɫĻ棬Ҷħ˿ڴһ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷħµ˿ڶʱȬڣԪȣǰҪǿ
ҶתżȥҶħıӰһâͷ˲ʧӰ١
˿̣Ҷڼй䣬˸ͣͻȻһ٣Ȼһ̯ϰڷöҩһͬһ㣬ܲÿȴҶһۿС
һǰѯʣ̯һŮӣϴŽ֮ɫƺżҪ̯ϵĻƷ
Ͻ𵤣ھ£Դһۣʮ򣡡СﾡЩżҲͼ۴ⵤҩˡ
Ҷһ㶣ͻȻоƺżϴˣڸҩ伮Уƺûйļء
СҲҶƣϽ͵ǣںŵܹͻƾ磬Ϊһãûͨ
ںŵҶЩ죬ϳ裬ΪϢҲǰѯʣŵŵǳ쾳ѵĵҩߵҩϣЧǱǰٱҶ΢΢Ķ
ʱɬһٸϽ𵤶òοʮϽˣȴһ
λмɷҽҶ㶪ʮ̯λϡ
¾Сɫ䣬ɫţһɾǧϽ𵤣οʮˣڣ
Ǻǣأţ㻹жжҪ٣ѵһݣʮȫУҶº͵Цϡ浤ܹƣγ粻ƣ
ȻҶҲǸ簮ռ˵ˣļλֵʮκһж𶯣˵СʮȥõϽҪеĶöࡣ
ҡԲλ͹٣ҲûеҼ־вŮһһŮҸ׸Ǹ̰ˣδ¶䡣С˵ЩɥϾ绹̫⽨ˡ
ԣҶ㲻ҡҡͷļͥγǣ׸Լ̫౦أԽ㣬һ䲻ȣƺûʲô
ĸҲһԼǧ˳ϲǳѵĶС󣬶Խһģ˵Ů˼޳ȥóȥˮҲղԽڼͬѾһźҶ㣬Թ
Ҳ̾һٶʵںδ
ȥˣȥʱȥˡС˱ᵽʱҶЩĽͻƼô
Բ𣬶Բ͹٣Ҳú˵ЩµġСͻȻʶڲǿ޵ʱ򣬸оջᣬҶ
ҶЦŰڰ֣ʵлжȫҪˡ
СһϲӻóһŻĴӣָ˼飬ִٵöƺҶ֮󣬲һ㡣
ȫҪˣСҵ߻ҩ͵ãɽ޷ȥңסҽҶ㣡˵գӰƮȻȥ
Сһֿڴڵȫʧˣ̯λȴͣʮɻ۾оһжһ㣡
ˣͻȻŶһȴֻˣȴҲҶӰѽô࣬ҲҪ˼ҵǮһΡô죡һΪǸ̰ƵŮС˭Ҳ벻ǱǮ˳ġ
ͳ˲һ˼ҵǮܸоﲻȴûϵڱ˷֮УԹ԰ͻȻһ֣ˣҪ𣿻һؼȥңһҲҾȥǮţô죡
ͻȻҶǰ˵ĻСֵնʱϽʰ̯λæؼңƺȥҵȥˡ
Ҷ㣬ץöѰһƧ֮أͼͻ죬ڤϴҶΪųĽѾﵽ۷壬һ֮ң
Ҷ㣬ٵͻƣٻؼң
öȥĺ࣬ȴ¶ͬɫĵ壬˸ԵĹâһĻС￴Ȼľѡ
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һžɽڤͷ֮ϣųâȫҶ壬Ҷâš
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е⸮ڸڤԼ֮ȫһվתɣûһ㱻ҵϢս֮࣬Ծڤ˷ˣҶ㱨𣬵ȴôҲ벻Ҷڤеż
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УɢȥǬҶ㣬ɽһö븹Уȹ绹δɶֱҩ̷ڣľѿһȱڣһ˿ԪȻ˽ȥ



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˵ҶͶŮĹģ˵˼˴˼ͽ̵꣬ĿҶ뻢ڡ
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СѩҶħڣ˶ȻѾ֪ǵĴ٣ûŻŻŵģǳȥһ֮󣬾ͱڣ֪Ȼڸٸǳ֣ͻ֣ʱɱһֲ
˸ǻ۵ĹâһеģĻŮǰһͻȻ뵽Ҷħı仯ʱ뵽˲١
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ŮȻʼȺڴլ׷ҸϣʱһСߴæܹɫţ˵Ӳ
ˣˡʦ岻ˣСѾͷдʦֵֶģΪ޷尲̥·ⰲСѾͷźģʱæܹɫ˾ֺͻš
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ʲôҶͬʱһеʦȻҶĸףҶϣ˿ͻȻűƻ飬ʱɫһ䣬˫սָڲҰףָײģѪ졣
ģˣڣҸ㲻ʲôȥ˵Ѿ﷢أĸϽο漴ô·ҶϾסլ˹ȥ
ΪҶΪǬɵڶʣƽһլӣռ޷죬ȻΪˣҶŮĸ׾סĹԶ·Ҫһʱ䡣
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ÿϱɱΪˣȻЩǴ˶Ŀֲǿߣ˵ǵսҪΪҪǿһء
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𣿡ͻȻ֮䣬һȻ֣Ȼȫ̧ͷ֮ʱȻû˿Ӱӡ
һĻ˶һҪһ䣬㵽ǹ



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ӴҶŲ˵նнôĸ²ԭ̤Ľڿ˵
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ҶȻع飬˵ҺҼԣĽֵܱǵ³տʼұ޷µ̳ʮ죡Ҷоâһ絭ӣмֵʦģ



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ģһֱСĵġˣ˵ǵĺ˭һЩḧСһ㽵˵
ҶЩȻʧЦ֬ѩڴ½ҲǸɫؼҸ˵һ̳һŮǿ˵ģȴû뵽ˣϺ֮󣬾ȻðҲϲûӪĻ⡣
ŮĻһƯкĻأǾһӢ㣡ҶԺĵ֮أǵĺӣҶϲ
˺Ĳ࣬ĶҲ˵ģֻأϣǵĺǸصӺΪĿĴӢۣ֬ѩҸ˵
ˣ̨Ҫʲô𣿷ģҵжٸŮˣҶģҰģˣ֬ѩҶĻ
ҶڲḴ½ѩ飬Ȼ֬ѩʣ֬ѩҲǸ˼Ŀˣ⼸һռ̨ĲϣҲ¸˾ŲʮŹ˵
ѩлл㡣ҶЩжһ֪ʲôӣһ˼ģ޶ˣֵļأ
Ȼ֮һж̫ı仯˵Ĺ켣ı䣬˴½ŮһŮȻ˶еͷ
ȻȢţǾ͵ÿʵҶĴڣϰ檣֣мӣ˸о⡣
ˣѩȥɣҰһӦ꣬Ҫ½ѩˡҶ˼֮󣬱˹ȥץסΣ
ѽʹ֬ѩеԷħƣһĵİһۣ
Ҷ˷ܵĳĵ촽ȥ˵㴽סִͷСȡ
ҲʵץΣǰ˶֬ѩŪýҲĲѡ
һءС֬ѩǵԣ޲׹УʵܲпᣬϾõһӣɲΪһʱ𣬾Ūˡ
ԼʱֹסҶĶϽ˵ҶҲǵͷһˮϽɿ֬ѩСһľʵû°ɣҵĺû°ɣ³çˣ
ţˣȥɣҸûȥˡҰѺͶ㣡˵ವһ±˳ȥ
ıӰҶֻεҡҡͷ¶۰֮⡣
ӵӣҶüͷӵӣãɽʱֳֵˣռ壬Ż֣ŵӣŵӣϵӺ״Ӽ֣ʱֳһӵӣ
Ҷڵݣǵϵӣ״ģĽƵˣЩǷ̫ϳϵĵմӣſԳ֮Ϊ״ӡ
ȻӵӣҶ㻹ǵһ
ǣҲãɽÿһѡһǿˣΪӵӣӵӺ״ӵ˲һṩõѵ鵤ҩǿ˵ãɽǷЩ״֮ӵӣ
һ۵ߵ˵߲ǱˣͨǸϼһعĵڶʮ죬ͻȻڿУҶ̸
˵ӵôҶЩȣϾڴ˵ҪǿһʵѶԿǰΣ
Ȼ٣Ҫ֪ÿһӣλ˿ɶٮٮߣӵȱģô˵ɣһѡӵӣѾȥ꣡ߵƺ롣
֮ԵΪҶгΪӵӵʵ
ţĪǷ֮ԭ򣬲ѹƣ֪гΪӵӵѹ׼ֶԸңҶһ֣뵽֮ɶȴûһ˿춯ԭ
ڶʮǰͲһ˿ĲԾǹ˶ʮ죬жԽԽߵ֮ƺûһһ˿춯ɱҶ㣬ƽϵԳ֣ѹס
ʹ˴󽻵ף˵Ĳ֮ҽУûи£ǲֺܶˣߺһڲ裬͵
ãǾͶлˣϼһ˵ӵӣʲôҪ󣿡ع⣬Ҷɫ֣أȻͷû󹧾
̫ϳӦú𾴵ģϼһǧ֮ȴһ֣ʱûڤŵԶЩڵϼһûһøС
ǣΪҳϳ̶ȣ㶼ѾˣֻҪΪӵӣɲЩ㹻ˣþѪϴСһΪɳ˵Ѫϴ𣿡ߵĿһۣһ±㿴ǡ
˵ҪΪӵӣҪΪ֮ǣһܹھ
ʲô֮ǣҶˣ֮ǿɲһĴڣս̣һʵΪֻҪǿû˹㵽ĸȺ
޳ˣҲܵӣֻҪʵͻӮ̫˵𾴣
ԣ֮ǿ˵ǿߵãߵجΣ



ٰʮ ӵӣ£
һҶҲţҲȥһ⣬ȴ֣֮ǵƽλǹرյģֻͨĴܵأд򿪵һ˿ϣ
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һε˵˵ĵҶ㣬Ȼ֪˭ˣȻǳϽɣĽƵʦƷ巽ϵ
֪޷·ϵǳȻ֧ģͨһƽΪףɣķ϶꣬еҲûʲôȨʣµҲֻкҶгƷˡ
ɴŽҵ棬Һͷ໥ڣ˴˼ź˿ҷĽǽɵ״ӣһɽ飬ҪҶ֣ɵҶ㡣
˳ԹѽᣬҶǿ󣬱ѹĽֵܲҶУѾֵǷ꣬ȻưոݣԽҺͷңǺҶŸˡ
ɵʲôͷҶЩȣԭ˼άòƸûǹ⣬ɲһϣĿǰ˵϶㲻ϡ
˼֮󣬿Ժλ̫ϳ໥ܲȡ
ʲôͷͷǲզأʦȴͬͨһ֮ɫʦͷһλ벽ܣΪߣֶǿ󣬵ڴ½ϣҲǸݽɫֻΪĹ̫а޷
˵ϼһﾹȻٺЦ˳ͷһ߸ͽܣ˳Ϊ߾ͨ߾Ӧš
٣߸˵ҲģΪզأ˺󣡡ϼһﲻһ˿˵ͷ߸ͽܣȫһ١
Ǳǹ¶ΪǼѣԱͷͬսΪģǸɣ߾еߣһɣƲʲôˣʦǸ̵ʦ֣С˸̫࣬Žһ£һ˿ģҲǽһǧԭ򡣡
ţͨһֲҲ֪ҶҲǰԳԾȴûбֳǳûݣһʲô֮
ҺͷʲôϵΪʲôǺͷҹϵô񣿡һһͽܱˣʦƴӣɵ֡
ǿɲһ㣬˫ʵ̸ô˵ɣͷʦǷҵڣڰǰѾݺȥͷϵţǸڵŮҲǷ̣֮ͷͽǣҪôȢ˷ҵŮҪô˷˵ŮΪͽܡ
ϼһһ£˵ûзңûнһȻûнһҲ˲޼ɵ
ԭˣ֪ǰʲôߣСԸԳҶ۾ϼһЦʵ
УԼ飬ҿûϵοҿɸ㣬ƾʵɱϼһӲСʬ޴棬ǾͰϹҵһ̵ˣϼһ˵ˣ˵һ£󣬻ͨٿᣬʱμӣǷʸ֮ǣ
ϼһҶٺһЦҪаգȥҰѾͷܷ֮ǣҪѾͷˣ
԰գϼһӰವһ±ʧҶ˼ڤ롣
ĶʦҶĽ˹ӵټСʱ˼˼·Ҳ뵽պҪûᣬ±ӳ֣ʤĲ
ȻҪҰӣĿǰֻһְ취ǾǴ֡
ʦˣʦʲôĸǰͻȻѪ˵ҵһ˿ͻƵļȴҪЩ׼Ա㽻÷е飬ƮȻȥˡļҶЩżӣ֪һи
ҶҲϼһ˵Ĳμ֮Ǳ飬˵ˣüͷԭǽҲûʲô
ôа취
΢Цŵͷˣ֪Ϊʲôֻ֮Ҷħ֣ȴδҵһë𣿾ҪȢҲҶ֣֪Եɣ
ţѵͰʦйأҶЩȣʵ
ˣʦȻˣҵʦ滹·ڣ֪ܲ·̫ϳ֮ϣλϣ˲ǲãɽߵĹӣ渵
ãɽҪΪϣţţ̫ϳϺͳϼڷλ֮󣬱̫ϳϣǴ˵еĳϣֻţȴּĴڡ
ҵʦλеһλͨеλʦУΪãɽ쵼ˣֻǸڣѾϾƹ·ķտ·ѣҲӲ
Ц˵һ棬ʦǰ㣬˵ǵĹϵź·ĹϵʦŴӦչǵļˣңٴҲܳλʦһ仰һͣ
˵ҶʱˣԭԼļûбȺҪԭ򣬾Ҳ뵽ĵط
Ļ޳ܵķ֮ôܲԳ֣ҼʦѾ˷ҵϣСĵ㣬Է֮Ųһ춯Դ˵
ãλʦ֧֣񲻸ãػýңˣҶĿһҪڲãɽسԵһж֣˻ˡ
ҶǸϲκ˵ˣϲһжԼġ
ˣ򲻿³çҺͽڲãɽӪ˼ǧ꣬ǿ߸ǲնݲضŻǱӳ顣Ĺеѵ
ֻȴȰҶ֣Ȱնݳ޶ɷ
ʦ飬ͽңģһʦվǰȻ֧㣡ˣ㣬ǰѸѩõҷһţȫսĵĵ˵ѰҰӣкܴİա
ãĶҪ鷳ˣҶжĵͷӣ
ʱһĵܹŵһСҶ㡣
ҶǰһϽǵǰȥȻһòϴżɫʵŮվɫЩִ٣Ȼûִ档
͹٣ĵСݹһŲֽȻĵСְһ˹ʣϽ𵤣ȫ
ţеϽ𵤶㣬ΪһǮĵҶһ㶣Ц˵ȻСȴǿҡͷ



ٰʮ ǹལ
ĵҶصȻӭж⣬뵽Ҷá
£ҲִӹСеĴ䣬ЩϽںȻСִ⻹Щķˡ
ԭСֺϣҲһߣ׼ȷ˵Ӧʦ֮ʱη½ҲǸС
˳ΪҩֻҩԹ񱣬֮һκζȤ˵ˣԾδ½ҲûѣȻΪЩᡣ
λҩȴʲôܻ䣬½ʮ֮λҩͻȻʧӰ٣˶Ƣ̫ŭĳλǿߣɱˡ
ȴ˭û뵽λҩȻڲãɽĽ£һҩάƣȢһӣ˭λƢֳӲҩȻһŮమҲڴ˵ԭ򣬽һӣֺϡ
ֻϧǸŮҩ洫ĹأһвŮֺϣҩŭ
Ϊ޵ԭ򣬲û̫¶λһģ֪ɷԸֺʱҩ˵ڶλУֻϧǷ֮һһ𣬱ˣԪ޶ࡣ
ǿжλУӳԲ֮󣬱徣ֻϧԸΥոµĺӣȴΪ̥㣬ĸ֮Ҳĸ׶ȥˡ
ӺĶȫҩҲһ¿ˣڴȼ꣬ҩҲƲŮȥǰԼǰƵĴҩŮЩҩ㹻ȹмɲ̤֮
Ȼֺظ׵ԣƾŸµĶֵҩ⼸õҲ󣬶ȥֺϴСʩ˲ٹ¶
ĺܶ൤ҩ㹻úܺãֻϧΪ˴Ĺ¶ʹЩɽգ׳͢ƷҶ
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ҶҲЩСƾһ֮Ȼٶ޸ĸĹ¶Բ׷ģҶһĨ⡣
ֹԸеĹ¶ΪΣҶ˵⻰ʱ򣬰Ҳȡ
ʲô˵ԸЩ¶ֺһϲϾϽ𵤽ɽΪ͢սҵԭʹϽԽԽֵǮõеĽҲòֵǮǰܹʮʯ׵ĽǮֻһʯ
ֻǣɲһ㣬װһ԰׷ǲܵģҶоһֺ֮ɽգҪԭڴˣһȺԸɷģȴûһܳģ벻ѣ
˵ʲô˼ֺϵɫ΢һ䣬漴̾һ
ɣһȥסиǺõģʺһԽ̵ǣǲãֲŬĹ¶ߣǣǺóϰߣһһЩǲɢǣ
УԵģǶǿĺӣΪǲãֲŬǣǲϸٳģСҧ촽
ţҶŤͷֺһۣѾͷǸۣüͷļ״Ͻֺϣߵһԣ˵һᡣ
Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣʹֺϵͷͬ⣬ҲӦǲɢǣǸҸƣԺȥ
˺ֺһּҶȥֺϵͬ⣬ҩǰƵҩһӦԼʣĵҩϣȫռ
Ҷ֮£Ϊ⣬ĺ֬ѩУΪҶҶǷķѴʶֲ
ˣȥϢɣЩ㹻ˣڶҹԴϰöҶ㡣
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ҶһůǵĵС֣Ǹж֮⡣
ˣɣ֮ͨϣȻ벻ľϲͻȻһЦ֮Ӱʧ
ߣǸҰСӲ·ҲãɽģӿʼڣɽУڴ½ƮÿλڣȻ󲨡ħԿ֮һԲϣɱ䣬β㴳Ϊӵӣ񲻻ڴң
ֵŭ⣬ǰò죬ȴ¹ϢˣȻ˾ϼһе߾ˡ
ʦˣҶǸаħһգɱֶ˿ʹοһ򰲷ؼڴ½Ҳ֮ˣΪãɽǲ֪ٹףǶ̶һҹ֮䣬ϣϣΪ
˭뷽֮ȻҲվڴϣһϮۣ淽üŭƱˣƳױòʹ֮Զ׼
ȿڣвӭȣȻǲͬҶ֮ǣһЩ˲ڣֻЩ棬Ϊף̷Լ޷壬·ȻУͨļλϣҲұߣȻ֧Ҷġ
Щر򣬹;޴󣬵ǣҶʵĿãһ󣬵ڹǬɵڶʣ·УڣԸλΪʣڸǳΪӡ
ڵĳϲˣ̷ϣӿʼĽƾսҶЩøУΪǿ󣬸ûֹ°֮λϸϲһֱѡ֧Ҷ㡣
οҶӳãٶȼ죬̶£֮߳룬Լ˺ǰ;ҲãɽѡӵӣɲΪ˽ԹͿĨɱʵҶΪȫﵽ˱׼ʲôأ
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ߣѵͽиżǸǽͽҲ׹Ҳãɽ£ʮǰͻȻ˭֪кξģܱ֮÷ɳŵ˵
οҶкʵѵ죬ʵΪӵӣЦ
ʮ죬ţǬɵһʣʮ꣬ҲµµŵСһܺҶ㿹⣡޷캣ŭȵ
ǿЦЦ֮ͻȻһЦ֮



ٰʮ ὣ
̷ϵǻѰ׵˵ɺڵģߵڰ׵بžأ˵ҶԳħھڲãɽݷΪ֮գͬˮ뿪Ҳãɽԣ˸ܳΪҲãɽӵӣ
ʱһ۵˽ú棬һ㣬ϵĺӸͬռһ㣬һڣͨڵס
ѧû뵽Ҳˡ̷ϵ¶һĨ֮ɫڷѧĻع飬ƺΪԾ
ѧǱˣǷ֮磬ǷҵμֻԹƧϲȺھãɽǧ֮ɵٶ
ǳں쳾Ⱦе飬ļҲǸʵȫɷ֮ƹܣû룬ҾȻ˻
Ѿ̷ϣΪڲãɽͿһ죬뷨Լĸ֮𣿡ѧоâţһñӿ£ʹ̷ƿԡ
οҶ޷ͨӣҲŵӣҪ֪Ҫ֮ǣ״ӵݲſԣ
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ᣬҪãɽԳһɵףˣ㷽ӵܶƷ壬ǲǿ˵Ƿͼ죬ҪҲãɽ
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Ҷ㣿ôĵӣѧɫһ䣬һɿֱֲѹȥ
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̾ᣬݺݵĲס漴տտţѹѾΣƺҪšһ㣡
һ̵СӣԳҲҳѵҷˣ֮վһԣҶ֮ʱɫˣ˺󣬶ȥ߱ɱӵĳˣԶ߽ǰܲŭ
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Ȼһͬ纣ǱԨӲӺ⣬⣬貶ֲֿȻɱ磬Ϲӽʥһ㷴Ļᣡ
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ǳɫָ֮֮࣬ҶУѹϹӽʥͷ­ȥ
ҽ䣡ὣ͵ط䣬ǹݻһ˻ǹ΢΢漴ݺݵĵɣ
ãҶ㾪һȻ֣һֻƿնֱץҶţʼδǣδݳһĻ
οڳ֮ˣΨΪߣҲ֮Ըѧ࣬ὣȣʵ̫ˡ
˵վҶһߵˣûһֵģǼ֣Ҳûһ취ֻĿҶ㱻ὣץס
ȻͨϣὣĸҳնɱҶ㣬˺ΪʱĹҺͷң
ߣҵͽҲץ𣿡ͻȻһȴӰдһӰӰնֲƶȻ߷ǰյĿһӱײ
ҶֻоһɣǹϢĸоȻʧӰˣǼһ磬漴оǰһηȴȥ뿪ὣ˵ķȦ
ʱˣѾҶǰŮӹǱӰǰԵߵ
ӣˣȫһ֮ʱо¶֮ɫٿΪǾĿɿڴ
ȹδʩ֬ˮۣն֣׵ӣµ٣˷
ֻڣѧҵͽҪμ֮ǣҲ𣿡һһɿֱֲȥ֮ˣȫеֲϢ֮У



ٰʮ ֮
ʲôͽչͽͽںεأѧһŲŵź˼ӣв¶ֻ֮ɫ
죡δȰӿڣὣ˱㷢һԼĵֶΣڰǰ˲һ
漴˫ĿųɫĹâڣ̶ֶ̼²ӵΪͻͽǰһ̤˲죬Ϊڳһ֣
һԣ˶ʧɫֱ˪İӣжʱ¶֮ɫ죬Ȼ
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֮֨֨߬Žɲӵֿʼɵ۾ϷƺҪϢ
ְҾվұ𰡣ȥСҶ㶸Ȼһͬغ«һ㣬ڵϴ˼
ȿȡȿȡ
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ְҶٶǰ̤һͬʱһֻţݺݵĲڽɵϣһʱ䣬ݱҶݺһ֮£¶İ˿ݣȫȥ



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˵׻ҲҸˣҶ㻢ĿԲɣϵٴһ壬ֻоҪըˣµĻ֮ͣС
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ҡͷ֮ͻȻԴһᣬһ˿ѪȾҶЬϣԭʵܲסڣڼѵҡͷǴӦҶ㣬Ҳ֮󣬱ͷʹȥˡ
ҶʦֶҶʦֶȻʦѾӦ㻹ǷŹɡʱ߹Բ
һεĶҶģҲеøУˬĴӦѽɺݺݵ߷ɳȥһû̫ɱȴýɳɨء
һˣ˷֮󣬶ϣΪ֮󣬽ߵᱻָָ㣬
ҶʦֶȻǸˬˣЩؾɣ״ӣʮѧˬһЦҶ˾٣ӣ˵ҶĳΪӵӣڲãɽ£һΣĵλҲˮǴߣûж֮ǵĹھҲӰʲô
˵˾ٶպѡŴλİȻҶҲ֪ƵֻǵһЦ


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һ֣԰Ӵ½ˡ
ŵСٵӶҶ㶼ܶԶ֮ȻҶҲôˣеעȫһ֮ϡ
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Ϊսĺᣬ֪սһУȻЩ伮ȴֻ̫мֵ
ĿͻȻһһǧʷһ飬ҳһͨ쳤⽣Ŀ̶ֲȣǿ̻Ҷʧɫˡ
죬죬ôĿף֮ͨԣԲǣƺ֮ͨʲôһҶоһ֮ͨ࣬ϸ¹۲֮ȴ֣֮󣬼޷ֲ
ȷ콣һԺͭ¯ɾĹԪ֮ͨͨ콣һ֣ȻĿͻȻסˣƺ۵İѽԼɽͼҲ̥콣
ôܣֲʶλԭʶ콣콣²ԳɽͼĽʵܾ
ҶĿ΢΢ͣͣԽԽľͻȻָо콣ӲԶˡ
Ȿ봢䣬Ϊ״ӣȨʮ֮ڣѡؼҶЩνؼȤⱾԿ콣ᣬзκˡ
ҪѹԪȫһˣһݲ콣ĶߣҶ㵭ȻһЦʣʮö֮ͨƬѾҵüĿ
Ҳûع˰ɡ


һ̤ʮ㣬ҶеһɸĪϮ̫ȻʮУһµİͼ
ȵǣʮտյûһᣬûһֻһԣӲӣʤȽ
Сӣԣ۷֮ڣڴͣϼһļȻҲڹעŲؾڵһһ
ҶЩ𾪣ɨһȦʮѾʮʱû˵ˣ˿ϼһЩȡ
ԣôĿƾҲ죿ҶȻһЦڣҲţǶ˵˵Ļᣡ
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һȣֱֻ񣬾Ǭǿ߳ȣҲ̫ˣ漴һֲĿƸ֮
ֵҶץУֻһڰǰ˿˿ƵĹԣͬСצһְס
ȻˣǸߣǵҶ㲻ȣ˷ֵ֮УǿߵоԪǻڣ֮С

ŭλǿͬʱŭ𣬷ȻҶȴо˸Ʈƶֱǿ߶ȥ
ʱǬǿߵ¶һĨЦüٶȳǿߵǰͷϣһƬ죬տտ
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ҡҡ׹ƺҪһ㣬ͬһ㣬˹Ҷһչдۼ羫Ԫ֮С
ľԽԽȽҶܵǹӿϮͻȻ۽һ鴤ٶʧԭء
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Ҷ䣬ɳһҽǬֵɲǣĹؿ㷢֮
漴ͬƷǽһ㣬սԪԼ꣬ȫǣһ̣Ϊɹ죡


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뵽ߵĶԻͻȻȻһЦЦڴȴŵЦݣΪҶѾ



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𣿿Ǹҵˣȴûһ۸ϣֵܣҲһ𣿡



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һצץһĻͣԺз˸ͣÿһγֻ֣֡
˵˻£ҪۣҶЦŵŸ˳ߵ˳˺ʲôǺ𣿡
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ˣղڸʲôڲ֪£Ҷǰзų⣬ó˳˲һħ壬ĵλ߲ࡣ
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Ҹƴˣ˳˫Ŀͨ죬ʹ󣬶ƤǱ壬ͷϳһ򣬵һֻվĹ
ħ壿ôĵӣ¶ıĿҶ¶һĨЦ˳ǹעһˣȴͬ

һŭ𣬸˳ĶӴİƣͬһĥһݺݵ䣬Ҷĳ֮צײһ𣬷һ춯ص죬ȻҶȴ״򲻶ڲ񷣬Ÿ˳Ц
ƾһֻ֣Ҳҿ⣡ߣ˵ˣȫУһ⣡Ҷһצ͵һ𣬸˳Ĵַ·ըҩըһ㣬ѣѪģ

˳Ӵ˱ܣͷϳһɫƿӡ
ƿ΢΢תռȵϢȻһգ漴ѩƮ䣬֮ȫһ
תƿҶ㾪һһӱϳ֮ԴԴϹţǶ౦˵һر
ߣʶñǾͿתǬŤ㱾ĩãԲڴˣ˳һƿһӴ
תΪѩɳĮɻߣȵĻ棬Ҳ̣ҶΪǱƿ֮ǿת
ͣͣͣ
Բѣһرû뵽ͷֵУɳھ͸Ҷֻչ
˫ᷨľֶΣ
ವһҶɲ֮ʧԭأԪƣֶζֶǸ˳һ̣ڰתƿӣͻȻһͣ漴һֺֻݺݵץ£
ɣתƿһҶУֻƿһתɳĮٶת

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𷢳һĲҺֻʹ˫Ŀڵϲָ֮ͣ䣬ɫѪ
ѣþòˡһ䳹ҶһȻһ㶵ĿߣȻ䣬оƺһˡ
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һʣҶʼδ˵µĶʮλǿˣȫ㶵Ķߣǰһ̣߻Ǹ۲ۣ˵͹СˣôһɲǵĹתôࡣ
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Ȼҡҡλεվָָߣ״ε˵ţҶ㾪ȵķ֡
ǻɫۿ֮УȻû飡
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㣬㵽˭µһǿ߿ˣѾͷ亹ǿʡ
ţʲôʱֵСһҲҵĻˣߵȻһָ΢΢һɿµĽֱӳײȥ
λǿֻһͣ漴嶸Ȼը鿪ѪȻը飬ķأضǣӲĿ˶ã
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ôѣˣ٣ҵǸϲӣΪ֤ĵԽԽᶨˣ֮Ц˵
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о˸Ű֪֮ڴʲô̡
˵ǲȷҵһͶӰΪƾһת֮壬ܶùҵͶӰԹԾͷ׳˵һ´ˣ򡭡



پʮ סǿ
Ҿͻ壬һ壬ȫڴ˵أ֮һɭЦݣȴһҶֽűеһ˿־塣
ôĿ֮ʵҲնɱңοû֮ıͻȻҶһۣҶֻоһ֪ǻˮѾѰˡ
֮תҶ㣬¶ЦЦЦݣƾ𣿺ߣһκһսʿĶ֡
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Ҷɫ䣬ڤԼ֮һȫ˳ǰγһȦ
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ܼ촫ǽԽ˲ϣֱҶŶһ̣ҶëȻĸо
ֲ֪һһϣ֣ҲشΪܡ
Ϊһնǰ˶նɷ飬Լֲ֮
УƾԶԶĶ֣Ҷסеĳ嶯˫ˢһ»迪ȥٶȺͽȣһ
Ҳ˵ڶ̶ĹǽѾǰҪ̴࣡
ͻȻĿ΢΢һȻɳĮ֮䣬һöϸСƬƬǰĴͬ
ۻϢֱ޾ƬƬҾĳλ֣̳һ֧ƣҶ㶸ȻһͻȻһƺһ˿ϣ
һ̣Ҷ㾹Ȼںˣǰ˹ȥ̤һǽһף
ߣǱ𣿿ˣһһֵˣ֮¶һĨЦʱƺڿһˡ
Բѣɫһ䣬Էʩϵȫ鿪漴һʧԭأһɿµĳȹâȻ
֮¶һĨЦݣһ֣еĻһҲȥͰһ

ʱҶһӰƬ֮ϣɲ֮䣬ܱױȵĹâ漴ǹâסҲͬʱһ̣ǵ΢΢һ٣漴ը鿪
ˣҶɫһϲƬƣȻ
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ڼսİ֮ͰȫסˣҶ㣬ŵĹâ֮ǽ֮棬߷Ľôܱһļһƽ⣡
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ٵطѾµɣֲ˵ڿʼٶѾ׳ԭߵʶǳԽ˼άĴ죡
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ȫˣҶ㿴ʮˣϻʳһ˹ȥĴȥ裬ʮ⴮գ֮䣬ʮŸȫС



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ʮŸУ֮ҫϣݻǧ磬ǧ磬˲˹Ԫӡ
ȣֱǿ̫ˣҶ֮£Ȼûһ˷ѣȫΪһ֡
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þĹǣվһͶӰһķͷϵĵͥ½Լ磬һ貵ĹԣҶļ֮Уƺܳһΰţ
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Ȼڣֱ̧һһǧͰ֦֮ͬͬһ֣㱬貣ҫ۵Ĺԡ
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뽣Ķ֮ҲԿ˰֮
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Ȼһ𣬲һŴĿĻ𻨣漴ͬһ㣬ҲûϢ
ȻûϢɲǣһɶӽд˳еĶӰȫ鿪֮Уȴ¹ɹɶ
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ֮ŵһ˼ĿҶ㣬ĲţһȻҶ㷢ġ
Ϊһа֮ıѧûнκˣԼû˿ܻʹһУȻôģ
ɱˣ֮ɱҶ¶һĨЦ˫һͬһݺݵĴڰ֮ϡ
Ȼ֮ĽͬҶϣϣһ𻨣ȥûһǡ
ʲô壿ǻ𣿡֮һΪоĽø壬Ǵ½֮ϣ

ȻҶĽն䣬֮ȴһҽ֮еԼһ·𱻺ݺݵ飬ıԴͱͬһа֮ն÷飡
⡭ܣҲǰ֮ķô˽˽İ֮һҺߵѣʱҪը鿪
ԼľѧɱĺܲңΪǰ֮ķΪ𣿰֮㲻һնɱңôѧᣡҶ¶һĨЦݡ
ɳĮϣ֮һУնɱҶ㣬û뵽ûնɱҶ㣬ѧ˾ѧȴԼľѧ֮С
̣Ҷ㶸ȻһȣһѱѲİ֮֮У֮ת֮ĵ̣ԼĽأбڣȫܣ
һ˿ǧ޷õĽҶ֪һ˿Ҫ˵һ˿Ϳһ֮İ֮

ҶĴһţһǽɵ׹⣬û磬Ϊʯ֮һ
֮ļҲƳһᣬ̺̫ལأ˵֮ǽɵı־ǽ֮棡
㣬һԸܵ˿̵Ҷ㣬һ棡
֮棬ûзâȴȷâҪֲ֣
һֵˣû뵽䵽˿ֵزҶ¶һĨɭЦݡ
һȴ˸Ž⡣
ڣɱ㣡
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һſСĻһĹȣȻҪҶɱУ
𣿣Ҷоһ漴ЦôףΪƾΪܿ˰֮ߣ֮նɱ㣡֮УҲˣϵ£ΨҶ𣡡
˸˿˿棬漴µסǷٶܣĿǣ
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˵ľѧһ𣬿ռ䷢һıըʹƬ漴ˮһ뵴ܡ
Ҷ΢΢һ徹Ȼڻۿɼٶȣÿһ䣬ƺӿӿһ𣬾Ҫ䳹ɡ

ӿһֲһ𣬵޵Ĺâҫ֮£ֲ쳣û취ϨֻĴ壬Դ
ĲҺһ̣Ȼ᲻һ㷴ʵڵϷĴŹ˿̵Ļ棬ɫ
ҶҲЩ棬һѽ֮Уֺķٶ֮󣬾ȻɫĻ档
ߣôˣΪ˵죬ڿңһŹĺǻһ壬ڴ½ϳĨȥ
ٿŻ棬ֲ׽𳹵֣ƵϢĵϲͣŹʹ಻ѡ
룡磬֣Ҳ֪УȻһΰֲֿ磡
磬Ǵ˵е֮ѨҶЩȣЩУǡǡһ𣬵ûʵ壬ܷȫ
ǣҶ㣬罵٣ĩյˣ
ĹâȻ٣ϵһϨֱվڲ֮䣬֮ڣҶ㡣
˿̵İòƵϢ˲ڱǣǰ۵ϣҲһ˰̣ȴһĵĿҶ㡣
岻սƾҲɱңܣ𷢳һһһС
ߣ飡
ҶȻһߣζȻȭͷڰݻǧ磬ǧԼǿֲ֮ţϡ
˿ȫҶȭͷݺ䡣
սһ̣ǣƺս˲֮ߣΪϣڰ֮Ĵ߷£ʵı仯
꣡꣡꣡
˾ȵһĻˣ磬һµ磬Ȼͬһ澵һҶҵ֧飡

𷢳һ˺ѷεҶһȭ׽飬лϰλˣ˿̾Ȼһȭ֮£ʧ룡
䡭
ҶһжţһȭһȭҶ㲻ͣ߷սıǣ硣
еˣܲס˿ֲ׵ĳʮȭݺݵĺȥ֧飬Ҳûһӣ׵ҳ˱Դɢɱȥ
еˣȫҶӶᣬ֧һȭһȭ
ۣ
۵һһѪݺݵԵڵϣ޺޵ĶҶ㣬޲ʳ⣬ֱ޵˹
ߣҸĻᣬȴûаסھΪĴ󣬸۰ɣҶȻһЦֺݺݵ䣬ıԴһУͷϣ֮У
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顭
ܼͬĵһ㣬ݺݵڰϣÿһȭһ˿֮ڣ羫Ԫ֮УΪľ硣
Ҷ㣬ҺƴˣΪĲս裡໴Ȼȴֲ׵ȭͷҵ
Ӵڶ̶ɲǵĹ򣬱㱻ҵñˣǲͣȻȴ޼¡
ս񣿺ߣͷ蹷ûκеѾ䣬ʣȥˣڣ͸Ϊһְɣ
ҶɭȻһЦһֻצϢȻһУ漴ݺݵӡȥ
Ҫ˲ƿȥҪٻ񣬵һж̫ˡ
дҽУ󱻴ֺݺݵץ˳ȫҶ֮ڣһ̣ҶΪȻڽƽǺ֮



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ϻû𣿡ѡƷҶ㣬ͻȻһ䣬ȴϰʵһ
ʲʲôϰȼڸǾţûʲôϣĳϣֻһϰܹ¡
Ҷ㿴һЦһŪħͳˣ
СӣһͻɫλҲ磬ͲˣҴ¥п¸أʲô£ǲ£
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Ϊºǿ𣿡˵ţҶĴֺݺݵĴ磬һץһƬԪƬȫУ
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ô֪ˣҶȻһЦϵе֮ͨɣҲһһ·һͨħ壡
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Ϊ꺢ϣǵͱҵʹˣڿʼ˵һ仰ֻҪҲ⣬Ҿɱһ£ֱɱ⣬ôһ㣡
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Ҷ㣬̫ˣϸո˵仰µһǿҲҶץߣĨɱһʬ塣
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ƬĲ֪ƺƣֻһֻӥצȴûг֣ơ
ҶȻǿߵװ룬ٴνٵʱ򣬿ϵʱ򣬺ߵҪ˵ϻ𣿡
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裿ƾҲ䣿ҶĶͷϳһɻ棬ɫȣǻ֮棬쫷Ϯӥצץʱ
һ㣬һճӥצ֮ϣȵϢ˲佫ӥצȫڻӥצ΢΢һգۼʧڿռ֮УΪһŷپĻ棬ڵϣ
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ķϻ治٣ĸǿԵѪУҶϣʵҪ˵ϻ𣿡
ҺƴˣҶ㣬ħ峤ϣǿߣ裡Ͽ񱩵ҵ裬ʷһ죬һѪϴҵ裡
ÿޱȣ屩ƺһֻӥ֮䣬ͷϵǴһ̶ȣΪǴﵽ˲֮
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һ̣ϷɷһĲҽһѪ˫б˳ڷţĹȥδҶն飡
ߣϷɣȻ֪һħˣ㾹һԲѣԼȾְңǿЦˣھ죡
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ϷѪ֮УҪ˵ʲôȴǳź˵һ֡
Ҷǳû򣬰һȫΪУͻȻзһͼ
ͼƬȻˣҶǰһ򿪴¥İȻҵűͼһȻжʮöƬ
֮ͨƬΪֹ㻹ʮö
پʮö֮ͨƬǸʱܴ򿪹Ԫ⣬ԤУԪԲǼ򵥵ǹ콣һ֣
ңоԪоԲЩ챦ܴ콣ɲ֣ʱܹϹϹ콣


ʱ䲻ˣһ²Ҫ֮ǣ֮ǣԲô򵥣գԿݵġ
·е翷壬ǰ֮أʦĽ̻塣
ţͽ֪Ҷ㿴һۣò޶ׯİӣһɲµĸоͻȻоʦһλӣŮһĴڡ
ʣӣɣһָ㣡ƽ˵ͻȻ¶ɫٴͻˣﵽľˣ
ӾԾȣѾˣǴ죬죬죬ʱ䣬ȻҶ㾹ڼµʱ䣬Ȼһӳ磡
֮ǰҶЦЦעһͻΪ׷ġ
ҵͽеţҹȻ񵽱ˣ˷ܵվٿҶǵģࡣ
Ȼ֪ҶĲͬѰܹ˰˵ĳɼûκνƽ˻Ҫƽģ˾һĴڡ
лʦ佱Ҷ㲻˼ЦЦûоҲЩȻȴһˣˣеһУȻõˡ
ʦ֮ǣһ֪֮٣ϣʦһ뵽֮ǣҶüͷ
֮ǣΪðߵãԲеô򵥣ٿӽŵģȻȥ֪еա
Ȼֿ֪Ǻ򶨣Ҿ͸ӷˡӻһЦŤ֫ȹڣ˹ȥ
λ˵˳
֮ǣҲΪ֮ǣûضţֻʵֻҪʵһж⣡
Ӷ˶٣˵ô˵ɣ֮ӣǿﷸҲŴʦţкܶϹŶ
ʲôϹŶϹŶΪ˶ôܵӵĵطҶǾȡ
֪ϹŶΪ˶˵صףȵأʶֵܳĵط



پʮ ֪
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߹°ˣЩ˵ϣҶֻе׶Щ˲ὲȥ˭ʵǿ˭ϴ
ۣܲΪЩ˵Уֻ棬Ϊ棬ʲôѣȫǳĶ
Ҷڶˣżȥ˹ڽߣɴ˿̵顣
Ͼ¥һӺþƺòˣһķ羰һƷζľƲˡ
֮ǵȼ۽ﲻǾʯҲϽ𵤣Ǿ⾧ǬɴʹõĽԪԪȴǾӨ͸浴֮
ϡȱ֮
һζľƲˣҪһɱΪ˵۵Ǿʵֵ̫Ǯˣߵ磬⾧Ҳļѱ
ܹ֮ʱգȾζϴ֮ļʴӣ֮ĹЧԱ˸Ķ
ȻҶ㱾Ҳоģɶɵǣ˵أ٣ܿϧȻĽǣǼȴʬҰϵľȻҶսƷ
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Ϊ˹ѧԺıҵʵЩ̬ÿһλҵأնɱʮλ֮ǿߣȻ뿪һ£մһ˿ҳֻҵ
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ڲãɽ˵֮Ǵڴ˹ѧԺУΪһȴ˹ѧʤߣժùھͷεߣܴ˹ѧԺ¡صĻӭʽ
ǧС˹Ļӭʽ˹ѧԺʷ֮ƾã˿ŴĴңãɽ´ɡ
⻶ӭʽҲ˵λھǴ˹𾴵Ŀˣڴ½ʲô鷳Ҽɵ˹ѧԺѧԺ֮ӻ㣡
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ҲˣҲȥһˡһöתȥ˳ϤϢ׷ٶȥ
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ְ취Ҳ֮Աһֶΰɡ
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ݼҲСӣʦȻľ硣
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ϹӣӦôǬʮģֻϧʱʦ⣬;ƿݡ
Σ֮ʣԼеһȫϹ㾡ΪΪϹඥŵ˴
֮ʣѾԲٿԲŵʦɬ޵ڶβ
һΣȻǺҶйء
ⰡҶЦһڶŮĴ£һջС԰̤һɾŵϷ
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лҶѣҽö˹Ȼˣôη壬ǿЦҶּЦˣϹŮкܣдģӲڡ
ȻҶĻľһ
ݼ˼ĵͷĥ³÷ԿຮȻҶǣ
λӹȻʣҶĳ仰һԾţľȻȻǿ󣡡ҶҲ࣬Ů˾Ȼڶ̶ɲǹ£Ϊ̤һµ۷塣
ˣҶֿǲμӴ˹ѧģϹڵл֮ͻȻ֣ص
Ҷͷ̵ˣ˹ѧԺԺˣѧһĿǾѰҵԺ֣
ʲôԺˣҪĿҶ㺮⣬ΪһߣģǾٰ췽ضĿ
ҶֲҪϾ˹ѧԺڴ½ҲǶͻȻѣԺжǲܵģΪȶģҪٰòݣҲ޿ɺǣ˲ǣεԺѰԪ֮⣬һĿǾѰ콣ģ壡
ݼֵһˮ߬еĲ豭һ÷飬ҶһµĹߡ
콣ģ壡˹ѧԺôҰģҪ
ҪѰ콣ģ壿Ҷ㾪һ¶տտ⣬ƺƷ˷ŵĽۣ뵽ʲô



پʮ Խ
ԣҶоһͻȻһµͷѵǲҪģ壬ٻϹŹ
ߣ˹ѧԺƣҪϹŹƺѧԺڵϹŶѾܵʲôѰ콣ģ壬˵˹ѧԺ˾֮ģ·˽֪ϹȻһЦڴ˹ѧԺ̣²֡
ҶһͻϹĻӡ֤롣
ɴ˹ѧԺĿŵʵԼĿ𣿡
ȻᣬǬɴ޸Ѿһţ̩޺Ǵ޵ĴҲ˿ڣȴɲݸģ˹ѧԺĴ𰸣ϧսϹ̾һε
ʲôϧս˹ѧԺǲǷˣҶͷһһļ䣬һĻǾԲܷģ˹ѧԺԺҲûܳĿ
Ȼ˹ѧԺϹŶʲôռȻȻֳΨһΡ
ս
սֻսô˹ѧԺ˴ı䶯Ϊϧս
ǣھս룡ǻʣ°꣬һĹ켣ҲûκκϹŶݵóǾܣ˸ֲ½Ҳɽ֮С
Ҷ۾һһĻĻԽԽľǰһĻĻӳգóһۣǾսѾԶˣ
顭
͵֮жȻһҶһϸ֮£Ǵ֮ȻѾʧ
ջ̫ƽҶЦЦԶ϶סڸڷߣѾ˸˺
ѾϰˡϹЦЦĶҶ㣬ƺΪҶĽѵڿҶģ
ϰ߾ͺðҶЦһתõͳȻǮΪβѵڹ˲ӭ𣿡
ŮȻһǸûʲôͿҶѾŴ򿪣ȻΪѵӰ¶
ô𣿡ҶЦˡ
ͨƮݣܱ紵ͷڸǲס˫ɱӣѱӣ˿η塣
ȻҶվǰһжӶ
ôûȤ𣿻ǵҵڶη룿Ѿתȥһӭӿ˵ˣ顣
Ϲݼս˵òϢǾԲöԸҴǵѪζԿǸոɱ˲á
Ǳɱĵù¾סڸڵļһ
һľ磬˵Ƕǰ벽ܣҶ㣬ֻһߣȻҡڵģɱ˷䡣
һɰСѣȻֵвԭ򣡡ߴӵˬһЦǸӣǣ̤ͷڡ
СֵܹȻ޸ǳ߾ɫ飬;įɨһϹݼʱǰһ
Ҷ裬ԴЦλָգ
ڣλֵܣгۣϵܣأڵĴӺһˮ̾һò衣
ƺɱ֮󣬺һò裬⡣
Ҷ㡣ȻһЦƺȲġ
λСѶǺܸȤǶ߽ˣŴ촰˵ҶֻǺȲ費˵˶ʱЩסˣ֮û˹ɱӻֹҲʱ˷Ȳ衣
˿̵ϹݼѾˣǿܹԸɱ֣Բǵһ֣ǿܻͬ˵ΪͬΪȻҲܵͣ
ʵϣںͳҲڴģǶ෬̽Ҷ㣬ȴ͸Ϊ̽Է׻⣬Ƕͷ
Ȼλ˵Ҳ˵ˣ˵ĲҵȷǸȤ
ҶͻȻЦЦݣǿӥʱᷢһռ
ţСѣҪƲԳԷƣүûͷϣˣСүȫʮ˴ȫڳǳĨɱ
ɫһ䣬ɱˣѾһӷսͷ
С˵ʶģͰС椽ôүֺֺͣҾƿư㿴ԼԽƣȻһɿµơ
һ죬벽ܵƼΪˣȻ䷢ƿը顣
Ϲݼȫɫޱ䣬ŲŵȥϾʵ̫ˣȻϹҲǲ֮ǿߣΪඥԶԶûгȫӦãǰһǿߣƾǶ֡
ǰĿ⿴Ҷ㣬˿̵Ҷ㣬¶һĨЦݡ
ͺܲɾðǵľҾͻһ·Ҷо˸һ˿ŭš
ڣҸıˣȻҪҿҵԽҾԽһָָۡ
Ȼ˼óۿڵԽ
֮һɿ֮Ȼ˲ϯڵƣƣҶ߹һ
һӿȵĺˮֱ˶ˣ
Żʴʵڣһ̣ûһ㷴أֻĿԼ屻û
һĻһ̷ۿǰľ˾ǹԴһĻֲ쳣
ãȷӦζȻ˿ȥȻͬûôˣųȫʳƬԼûһ㷴أҶƲƿǱ˿գ۱ûںˮ֮У
㣬㵽ʲôˣǶӥ֮ҲգʶľͰͬųݹҲ
ڲѾ𣿡Ŀ˱ϯڵϣߵ˵Խ
ڻһɫ䣬Ȼһ̣ƺһ£ô֮ҫһ貵Ľâ
һ޺϶Ȼһɶ𣬺ݺݵĴҶͷ­
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ҶЦһεһʱ䱩ҫǧͷ֮ϣݻɹĵ
һ֮併٣¡һ죬ҶĴϢ֮ץס޺еĳתɭȻĿһۡ
˵ĻʳԣһԽ
δ£Ҷץ޺еĳݺݵȥĿڵͷ­壬˿̾޷һ˿һ춯
ֻĿţ£ݺݵԴ
꣡
һ̶ɭȻĹ֮쳹ڳ˵Ķʣһ̣ȫëȻٿҶ㣬ǿһɱ
ۡ
һ׺ཻҺ壬ճĴͷ­Ϲ£ʵڵ۾ϣϣϣϣܻȵģȴ޷ܵԼԽ¶ˡ



پʮ ǧ
һ̶Ĺ֮Ҷ˵óۿڵԽˣȵԽ˳Ƥڵϡ
ۿ״סˣҲ벻Ҷ˵˵ҪڵԽĿˡ
ô֣ڸ鲨ֵԽûаҶһе޺֮ӰȻѿ
ǲһľԪȫҶļƷɡ
ⲻͣ鶯ԴֻΪڵԽ۲ûҪҶЩ
ôֻǲ⣿ҪƫƫԼԽſϰݣҶһӣλڿЦ
֮䣬Ҷͬˮһ㣬ɢȥ۰ס
ɫһ䣬һҫӲӽâһɳ·ĹȣһҫŽ
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Ҫôܸıأ
Ҷ˫ֽɷӡ͵ȥȻ֮䣬ɳһ澵һըѶ漴Ȼһ۱㱻ݺݵĴڵϡ
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ӣʹĶӵȫ£ϲͣһ㣬֮
㣬ڵġ۱ǳĬԵˣ˿̱ƵҲûжĻ˫ĿӵĶҶ㡣
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ڳȫһ۴㶵ĿҶ㣬ٿﲻɵһʱҡ
ģٲ֣ôҲɱۣһһһǲǺڵģ磬ǲ紫˵һ㣬벽ܵȻ֮Ҷŵ΢ЦЦݣȴǶħһЦݡ
ҶǸʵˣ˵𼸺ɵ֮ͨݺݵĲ۵߹֮ڣ漴âҫڿڵӵϣһǳǳӡǡ
Уȴ۵Ĳҽ֣֮Ҷв׸壬ڹ꣬նɱǰ
һĻϹɫףݼǲĿãѶϣתͷȥ̼ȥ
ôĸоôֵĹͷϷ͵죬ĲҽǰĻ棬ѵǲǺ
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УҶǸ۲۵ĶħҶԼ׸ۣǳΪΪܵ
Ҫ׼һ£а䣬㣡
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㲻ˣǸǸһΪҲŹģһĺӣܲסֽĥݺݵҧԼͷ
꣡
Ҷٶȼ죬Ȼ°жʹʩչ޷ҧԾ꣬ǱһŴɫռ죬ҪɱѾ췽ҹ̷
ƬԼϵķﺬţҪµܡ
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磬գ֮䣬ۺȫȫȥֻʣѪİ׹ǣ¶ڿС
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𣿸ֵȺˣҶɻѵǸѾˣ漴ҡҡͷԿ϶Ǹһﻹڣһ˼׼һɱ
ľĿԼ壬¶󾪿ֵĹâţЩӹǷĳӣġ
ҪԼ֣ȴֱ֨֨۾˰׹ǣһĻֱֲһĻ
ҶٶȲ첻ó۸еµľʹȴ޷ȥ֣֮꣬ͨڵбܼ尾ʹİٱֹ
һ޹רңһƬƬڿз裬佳һƣƾޣȻڷ֮˵Уȴ޲̳֣նɱҶ㡣
ȴĮӣһжӶԸû¶һ˿һѾҶץˡ
ߣջ֮ͥ½иѹûһߵĻᡣ
ٿɭȻһĻĲҺľͻ᲻ͣҲ뿴ȴҶһ˿һľԪȻʱͻᱻҶ㷢֣ʱ¾Ͳˡ
ƴˣ죬ҺΣֻȥĬ룬漴˸ľ⣬ͫȴҶϣ±вء
Ȼһ̣һնһ˵Ǿâ
Ҷ۾ͻȻգۼҶһĻᣬϹһĻȳȻľ룬ͼٶȣʵڲ̫ࡣ
Ҷ㣡
ŮͬʱһͬʱǰǰҶ㣬ٶʵ̫ˣ۵ٶȿһأ



İ ͵컻
ۣ
ڷϵŮ¶һĨɫһ£ͻϮ֮ʱûмǿܹΪļƴ½һ졣
½һŮţڷϵŮӡ
üϸµС¶Цݣֳ乭һŮһúöƤȴһ˿쳣ŵ侲Ȼʣ˿ʱȣ˵һŮӡ
֮£ûܹ¶һĨЦݣ乭һգӢˬһζ
ۣ
һ֮һ͸Ҷ壬ͷݺظ֮ϣѪ̶֮֮ͣٿ鼸£ûзκ졣
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ҪҶ㣡Ϲһ˻𣬲֪ΪΣʹָоǰδУƺԼİĶϾҪԼȥ
ͻȻ䣬֣ҶôҪңĿΪټҶ㣬û뵽طһ첻ҪԼǰԲġ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣬Ҫ˵㲻ġݼԼ֪ΪΣеżǸæ꣬תۼ䣬Ѿ˶صӣȴһֱǸꡣ
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ϧڸոյһ̣ˣأһжˣԶҲ޷ˣ
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˹мĿһ޳˵ϹݼߵǬɴ޵ǿҲôһͬ飬ѰٻģǿЦ
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ţȴˣ֪ӰʱһһͻȻ֣һ㻹֮أ»ڴˣʬڴˡ
꣡
ڵϵҶ㣬ͬһ鿪ףʮˣٶȳ֣ĸˣȫˡ
ΪֵˣǱˣǷűϵ֮ɱҶ㣡
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㣬ûŴסˣţҵĴ֮ϵ֮ʱӣӹŵ񣬾µħ񣬶һ֮£һļһôܻţ
ⲻܣƭңƭңžһ·ӣο쵽˼¡
ᣬٶȸǱȳ˿һĲҲӹҶ۾һ̣¶֮ٶȣҶȣÿɲһġ
һнпܣҶζȻʧԭأһӳŵǰס
˵˲ܶϵ֮ǶҶԣϵֱ̫֮Ϥˣһ֮£飬ôûһ׼
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ǬɵһʣڣܸܵﲻԶţºҲһĹϵ
Ҷ㣬㣬ڲãɽȻڣԽ٣ø£һмĺһȻͬ죬Թܹϵ֮ˣǵһϣԹԣ
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Ҷ㶸Ȼһָһɿֲ併٣ʹȥĳۣٿҶ㣬۾ɵϴ󣬺з
͡
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Ҿ꿴Խĳ棡
Ȼһȣű֮飬ݺݵĺԴգ֮䣬Դ㱻ϡã
ߣڷ͵ĸоȫۣǰ۱޳ɰ׹ǣԴ򱬣һĻѪȵĻ棬͵תȥŻ²ֹ
֮Ů֮鷸ƣɱ˵ţ˿Ҳܲס˵ȿֲѪȵĳ档
ڿҶ㣬ͻȻ֣Ҷ̫ˣݵͷƤ顣
֪𣿡ͻȻһȣŶĤͬըһ㣬ʹ´һ飬ڿҶʱʶĵͷ
˿̣ɲӦϾںͳ۲һĻĿ˵£ǳ£ҲǱҶŰ
˵Ҫ֪ʲôأȫ˵ģˡΪ½һŮţҶ֮£صĿ
һĻϹݼĿ࣬˭벻ô½Ů񣬴˿̾ȻͬСһصĿţܺµĿҶ㡣
ϵ֮״ӺζɽҶ˸޵ĹâһһĻԺ֮Уӽʮˡ
ڼУܸоһıһıңкɽиţ򲻹Ǹִߣ֣



İһ Ů
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ȻżֱǸСԣɱ֮ʱ򲻹ֵʱ򣬾ˣƤСӹҼһ
ϹҲһĿѾͷҲʮӣҴ壬»ǸС˿̣ȴһλǿߡ
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˵꣬͵͵Ҷһۣһŭ֮£Լɱ
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ңҿ˰ɣſĿҶ㣬쳣ϣҶھ͵ͷӦǽʧġ
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Ҷо֮ʵ̫ˣɱ˲ʵһˣ˹˶
˵͵еһɱɣŵĿУӥŵϮɱжÿ겻ǧĲƸö㡣
˵ӥһǧ֣൱ʮ;ʮĲ˵ŵС⣬ҶĿˡ
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Ҷŵˣſ˵֮ǵͨӥ֮Ȼ󣬵ԴС˹ѧԺĹ㣬µССȫָơ
򵼣Ҷ㿪ʼ֮Ϥ⼸գʤżհңҪж֮
һŴӣ𽥷ѿɳѾɳһŲǲ֪ΪܣҪβվ۷֮
ͻƣΪһֻ·޷ɾ۷塣
Ѿϰλ֮ˣҪȥĹĵڲڣҶϴӡ˵ѾҶŮū
ȻͬǣȴûŮ͵ľһ·ߴߴһ㣬ǹ˼գ㷢ˣЩĺܲÿԷɧ
߰ΪʲôߣҲȥҲΪұˣﶼģҶЦıò裬ҪЩ㡣
Ϲ˿̱տڲԣһ˫ĿǰĲˮһʱҫŵĹԣȻǶǰס
ߵĸоã⼸Ҹеҵƿ磬Ҿܳ۷֮ˡݼ˷ܵ˵
ЩʱյҶѧ˺ܶ࣬ȻҶģԼеĵãŮ
ʹϹݼž˵ĽȻţҲоƿҡҷԸӣͻƵĻᣬҲȥˣĺۡ
ðͻƲŽݼӦҲˣ֮ǲƽҶЦЦһ㣬оζ
ţҶ֣ҿҺʦ㣬ܶ鷳治ܹġݼ˫Ŀ˾Ĺâ
ҶǸܵӺȻҲĺ֬ѩҶ㡣
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ܷܷǻԵǰһ𣬹ﻹǷɡ
˲ǱˣسǳŮܷܷ
ΪһܷܷҶ¶ˮ֮ϣҶ͸һؼȴ
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˹ѧԺʢᣬҲ˶ʸμӵģοתʱգǬ½ƽδ⣬֮ǣҪķѵǲġ
ԣãɽǲλӲμӣҶʮʰϵˣſԣĿ˵˷Դ
лҶֵǣܷܷҪл֮飬ܷܷĪ˼磬ԲƣҶ˵գûһ㺬ٱʮֺˬ
Ҷ㵱վʾ顣
ˡСͻδλմܷܷҲǸˣ֪Ϲ򣬲ûгԴţȺҶãлҶ㣬Ϲ֮ʱ˵֮˸е˵ʮֵ塣
ŮҲͨ˼ҵĺӣ˵ȳȻվһ̶Ƭ̣˱ҶεӰ£ԼŲ裬ƷŸ㣬˼һЩ顣
һأƺ˼ԼŮ˵ţҳȥһ£һ
Ҳʤܷܷû뵽˺ԼһļϣҲҶĴ£ʤżĶࡣ
ǰǸ˴£Ҿ벻ȥҲаһ̾˭Ůأ
ˣˣ˭Ұ㵱ŮͿ˵ˣʤżΪӷֲ٣Ҷ֣˵лĿơϹ䶯촽˵
㣬滵ҺҶԿҪеߣҿ㰡ǧ˳أǣҶǣ仰ҪһҶ֣ʲôһ
Ϲظû뵽ԼЦĻȴżһĹĵĺһڲˮ
ߣ˵ûõġϹһȴͬˮһһ˿˿춯ƺ㺣ĿҶһۣȴţǲǶԼġ
ΪʥصʥŮĹǼ֪ɺϣעҶǷС
γĶݣʩԶݣرʥŮģȻĶֻһˡ
ӴӴӴ˵ˣҿǱΪ飡ŵЦ
Ϲһ£˵ôʲôǱΪ飬˵
ǽ⣬ǲǣǲ֪ߣ֪ߣŸǵЦ
ǸݼҶǲǺϹ˶ţģݼƳ
ιǶ죬ɱ͵ҵϣݼҲɫһ졣
Ӳ
źһڲˮûκˣҲ֪˵˭˵ϹҲ˵ݼŮɫͬʱһ죬Ťͷȥ֨һ


ҶͻȻ뵽˹ѧԺĿѰɱԺ֣콣ģ壬ͻȻãǲĳֱȻĹϵ
Ůת˹ѧԺ˵ѧԺĺ棬һ㶼ûǲܵģȴѺݺݵѹȥֻǸоʱ뾡Ĳͽ֮
Ͼ½ĹУɲʢڵӵҲֱˣҲǷƴԭ
Ҷһˣ˲ãɽĴȻĦʱҪ˼ܣʱ»ǵµĵˡ
ȻڵˣҶΪǼԼһַֻóȻУû飬
ʮӣûתԪͬһڽϣһ̣ʮܵ죬Լӵһ
˺һ
ľ
֮䣬Ҷľ羹ˣۺ϶ʤżĵãľȻøе
˹ѧԺ֮ǵ룬ܱɽƣΪѧԱѧϰҪĻɽ⣬ǲ¥Ƶ꣬һ֡
ѧԺռΪΰ׳ۣǴţǿˣҶܸܵϵĳǳأεȷ紵
߲ĳϣ˸еµϢ
µϢʱ䷨򻺻һ󣬽ס䴳ѧԺ
Ī⣬˹ѧԺֻĸݣҶҫ󾫹⣬֮Уʱ䱾ԴȻһʱ
ǿй򣬿ʱ䣬˴룬ҿռڣԶҲزˣЩհ߿ǸеĪҶ㿴һ㡣
ûгг֤Ҷ㣬Ȼûʸ˹ѧԺƹţߵʾǰдŸдԼϸ
ҶϣѾȻڲãɽһУȵǣãɽһˣһǬˡ
ǬǬֹȻҲұˡҶ¶һĨЦ⣬УǬϯӣû뵽ȻӵӵҲܲ򵥰
ţѵһ㣬ֺģűȻϵҶͫм䣬ֵҪԣģ壬֮
һ˵ƽȻҪڹϵɴеʱȻѡ񴫳֮ŶȻܣƽĳʲôġ
˹ѧԺԺĳȻҪѧԺĴȣԵ΢ˡ
ǣģ塭ģͼʾҶĿⶸȻһ˼֮С



İ 
ˣģһǰֹһΣҶ˼֮УʮӣͻȻһ
ˣǱ飡Ǳ콣飬ôģѵУҶסˣʶɨⱾֵᡣ
ⱾڹؾڣĻҳ⳾ҶҲͨһ˿˿ֵģʱֻǸо֮ͨЩϵռȴû뵽һܡ
콣
ڿͭ¯ɾϹž³̶ȿ֪Ȼ콣Ȼ飬вɢڹ֮С
Ԫ콣һ֣ԴҶҲܸȤҪ֪ȥǣԼ֪֮ģ콣ȹɲܹӵеġ
ڹϴϣǸɽ󣬸޷˵޾׷ɱΪΪʳ˼
ԣҶ콣ЩȤΪ˹ѧԺѰңϾһӵֶ˭Ըģ嵽֣Ǹɽ֪鷳
û뵽Ǳ鵹ҲҪĲܽ乫֮ڣҺ֪ҵõⱾ伮ˣԼҲй¶ȥҶ΢΢һЦתߣڴ˾
˹ѧԺ˵Ƿ֮أ̶̰εĹ򣬱פѧԺĸԣҲǴ½Ŵɡ
ҶԴֻҡҡͷǰ¥Ůϡ
Ҷ֣ˣվſڣңֵϹǸʯһҶӰӰ֮ʱȺڵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦôȲˣվŸʲôңӣһʯ
ҶȤĻϹһ죬һڣת߽¥ֱλϣϵߺ컹δȥ
ʲô֣ܷܷЦЦĿϹһۣתҶ㣬ȻѾµҶȥĵط
ûУֻЩ֣˵˹ѧԺȿ˿ڴ½һţãɽʤˣ۹ôǵܹ֮ڣҪѰģ壬ⲻѰĲˣԴ˹ѧԺʲôô
Ҷе˵˳ΧһӱŮҶĻشҲ²⵽ҶȥתƵĵط
Ȼǲûۼ֤ԹɵľǷ
˵˹ѧԺһϵʵЩ죬Ҳûа취еİ취ɣҪ˽ģɲ񷢲ԭ򣬶ܷ񣬶ȡھ
ܷܷһĨɻ֯һԣе뷨˵˳
μӴ˹ѧԺѧһΪ˸⣬һҪԼɹڣӶȡ˹ѧԺ֧֡
ȷһҵõģ壬Բó벻ֹңλ¶ͷңһĵõģˣʱٵľǴ˹ѧԺһǳɰǧвʱ۰ģ彻˭ŪⲻˣԻ֮ءЩǲû뵽ɣ
Ҷ͵Ŀܷܷһۣû뵽λسǳŮ˵ǻۣﶴϤ˹ҶЩ硣
ҶԼǣһ뷨ǾĿѰֺģ壬űȻĹһּ裬ģһֱڴ˹ѧԺͻȻߣҵ֮ˣɱԺȥԲʹͬʱ
Ϲӹ磬һɫʵҶʱǰһһȷȴṩһµ˼·
ģԲǽնʧģһ㼸Կ϶롭ҶͻȻоһ뵽ʾϵģ壬뵽Ǳ顭
ѵ֮ⲻھƣĳˣ˵ǲ֮УѰǸģˣ
֪ΪΣԺһΪ׽Ѿ꣬ȴΪûǻĳҶĵ·
ι˵ʲôֱ¿죬ˣ֮ǻʮʤżû߰ɣץˣȥ˹ѧԺ
ҶûͷûβĻоҶû׼ʧķ裬˵˵
Ҷ֣㾿˵ЩʲôϹҲһͷˮʲô֮ⲻھƣʲôѰģˣòĻ֮ǰ⣬ȫһ¡
ûʲôûʲôҶ¶һĨظЦݣĻεǸǻ˵Ϊպս齨һ֧ɺӵ
صģ߾ûҪɱ۵ĺҲûþõĳ侲ʱһûԵĺͯģ
ܷܷļ룬СٴӵˣʵȻ޷
һսĿ
нܵϢһվϿһƬϿȣ˵ǰϿǧ֮ǰһλܹɽȴڴˣԱ˼
Ͽֽ³ϿΪλܹɽֻ³࣬ԴΪ
ڴ½伮УҶҲǵϿȣ³࣬λΪȴڴˣǽϧ
ţ콣һִ죬ӣûһ֮£ƻأ
³ڴˡָһεľʯܵǿ֪ܲλ֮Ϊ˵׹⣬ʧ䣬û֪ټǵڶһȻһʯԵ˳飬񣡡
Ҷ˼ִ񣬶ߴŵ˴³ѱѧʯϣԵ򣬵õ³ĴУ
ţ콣󣬻᲻֪ԼڣѡĽҰ룿٣³ϿйŹ֣д£
ʯѾ¸ʴ߲ĺۼѾǧ꣬ҶĸĵҪӵѰ˿
һСʱҶһŮҲǸһ񣬿Ҷר־ӣǲɺ
³˵ܹɽı棬δߵĿģһԳһɣ棬²һλǿߡ
ԣŮһ;ɾͣԲ⴦żоû˼
Ҷһ콣ĵ伮ʱȻʯŵǵ֣ȻЩʮģһǰǿдġ
Щֵʲô˼Ҷʯϵ壬ȻЩڹǵضţ͹ֶֺ̫Ĺϵ
˵һߵĺмֵ³࣬콣󣬶콣˵֪֮µּ¾ǸһЩ顣
ߡҶȻ򣬴ŮҴҵĸУŵ죬ҵһλҪʵļ֣һʵ
أȻҪ֣Ͼû˿콣ļֵ޿ɹĸƤ»ǲҪõڶ֪źá
ģΣһŷȻ򵥵ĸ֣ģΣȻ뷨ҶΪֲеġ
ʲôǡ񡯰Ĺâƺ׽ʲôǲʳȻʳҶҲش
Ҫǣ˵뷨ȻǲԵġ
Ҷҡҡͷԣϸ׽ģĸ֣³Ҫ͸©ʲôϢ뵽˹ѧԺ
֮ǰĲ룬ҶȷЩ뷨ȷϾδǸӶģûܹƲ׼ȷܿ϶½ۡ
߰ɣڸȥ˹ѧԺʱˣҶһЦͷĺܶĽᣬƺ⿪һ㣬ɡ
뵽ˣϹô䣬ģģܶڶ˵һ
ڣҶһԼͬҲһ
ʱ֪ˣǻǿ˹ѧԺɣǴһģҶЦ
ŮȫãȻҡͷƶǶٿҶһаյӣҲ˺ģҶؿƿȻһ䡣
˹ѧԺ
֤ͨŽ̤ѧԺֻ֮Ҫʾ֤ɳ룬ΪҶ㼸˶ǴŵӵܣⰲһıԺڡ
벻ǣŮǿһݳ֤Ȼҡ
Ҷ㿴һۣݲ򵥣ֲ⼸˰ظǣԭɣţ㲻Ǹˡ
ƤһҶвĻвɵһѾˣٵѾҪóǧҶ㷢֡
ýƱ磬Ӧ֪ƱûõģֻԼһڶĲ裬ҶλϣһӸµӿš
ݵȷܸߣұˣȻ˻Ӫңһֱûжһе֣һ˵ŷһûҡž岻ԥ֣ջеİ̹ףѾ˸ߣҰŽӹͷ£Ȼڲᡣ
ΪһŵĽ𣿡Ҷ㲻мĿһۣ׾ӵĽҲó
ҲѴ࣬ɣӦһұӦŹ㣡ҶоһŵüֵƺѾͷˡ
ģһɵĿҶ㣬ȻܲҶƷ
ҰⱾ͵ԺϣҶǱ콣˳ȻóֻǸԼдģҪҲûУ±˿
ʲôžİŪ£ҳ콣ͼʱһʵҵģˣ
㲻ῴ콣ͼ˵ҵģ˰ɣ㣬ⱾдģҶ콣һЩʶɣȥȥͺã˵ҶȥģǧˣУץһΣץڶΣʲôӥţһȺɵѣ
Ҷò棬˵Ȼƺĳһ㡣
ԣҲɫһ䣬Ҷ㣬һ˿춯Ϊ껹УֻҪһԼСˡ
ˣȥΪҼתһ仰˵ɽǵĩյˣˣˡ
ЩĿҶ㣬ţҶɱȻˣ̵ֶΣȻ£飬ŲȴӣҶ˵¾ҵıӻ£Ҳˡ
Ҳ˵ǶԵģһȥҲôӶӥ˳ˣֻӥҲûдڵıҪˡ
Ҷķ䣬ƺҶһûк⣬Ҳûκθ鲨֡
𣿡Ϲ򿪷ţϣȲҶ㣬ЩɻҲһƣҲ춯
ļֵҲΪֹˣЩǿ߽٣һͻ鷳ȻвҲ޼£֪ģҲϲǱˣңҾԲùЩ飬ֻܰЩӺ˵»Ӱδ
Ҷ㺬ǣϹҲһͷˮ֪Ҷ飬һԭ򣬴˴ζȻҲ
ʣʲô飬˵ôҪ𣿡ڣϹѹֲסģʵ



İ 
ʱȻ֪ˡҶЦһϹʮ־Լ뷿״̬
ں֮˵˵Ҫ֮֮ܵѬȾȾôǿġ
Ҷ֣ɷ񵥶̸̸Ҷ㱾㾲˶ĿǿߣҲеƾʵĺժùھ
ԱŬһ˿Ե
ţ
ҶЩȣû뵽ܷܷȻ˹ӣƺһЩ֡
߽ңڴ׿ϣҶ㶢ܷܷڡ
Ҷ֣ұ뿪ڣǣвѵĿԣϣҶԮ֣ܷܷ̬㲣˵ˣ˵ܾ
˵˵ɣܰ㣬Ҷоһܵľã°˳ɺʹ˹ѧԺйء
ܷܷߵĿһۣʵ֮ҲˣǰЩ˵ģЩһֱʤżҪѰͻƵ˭룬һԳƴ˹ѧԺļһͻȻ֣סң֪ܵҪŮѣȻӦȻȫǵ壬ֱӳҡ
˵ȴҶͷһܷܷû˵ѣο½ϵŮ˴֪峣Լ˵
ҵӣǵڶʤ֮أٴγ֣ᱡңֲĶ֣ΨдҴȥִ˲ƣϷŪңǣֱǣͻȻʧˣҲûһѶûɧңΪ̫ƽˣ뵽ǰһֳ̣ˣ
һ׹ڿڵһ˵ͺˣٿҶ˫˸žâӣе߲ѡ
˹ѧԺǲԻܷܷ˼ǣ
Ҷô棬յ˼УλĪˣͻȻЩȤˡ
Ҷֳ֣ҰƽҪٳҵǰܷܷյ˵Ȼһĥòᡣ
ȻҲҶְװ׳ֻ֣ҪҶӦҾҶһöżʯܷܷԥһ£֮䣬ϳһӡ
ʢһö˸׹Ĵʯڵı棬ȥƽ棬̺Ҷϲ벽֮
żʯҶ㰵ֲ࣬سǳǧС㣬£ٿԼţòƴڵڣûҪʹͣеһжԼ˫һƴġ
ôֱʣһöżʯƸνĸ֣նɱңܷܷǺݶĳͻȻһ
һۣɽȵ˻˳ΨһڲͬǣͷɫģǺɫġҶ𾪵ǣĳ֣Ȼûһ㷢֡
ܷܷҲû۹ⰡֻɫԸңˣСŮ̬ɣԹԵҵŮˣԺҪʲôʲôҴ˹ѧԺ֮ǵˣһң֮ߣ
һ֮ɫ٩٩̸Ҷмһˣһ۵ԶûС
˹ѧԺҿģҶ㲻䲻ȣ̲ΪѾﵽһ۷֮Ҷǰδսľ磬һԿֲĶ֡
л֪ɣǴ˹ѧԺĹأɲǹͽȱģ
ţԸ꣡Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ڴ˹ѧԺȷ籾ѧԺѧ˽ö࣬ҽҹУжʱӻ
ӲмƳҶһۣûҪ˵˼ܷܷģŵͷ渵
ԭ˹ѧԺÿʮֻѧԱЩѧԱǴ˶ģֻлˣܳΪһͨѧԱ
˹ѧԺѾǧ꣬ʮҲӦóǧˡ
ѧԱײĴڣǬɴ޵ŵһֵǮҴ˹ѧԺӲԹ涨ʮ֮ڣΪ֮ͨΪѧڴ˼ѧϰȥȻǽҪϳΪĨȥЩȫʶ
ԣǧĹѧԺĿǰΪֹУѧˣʦʮ˲˵Ǵ½ϸٵһˡ
ֲô˹ѧԺģŵĵ⣬ѧҶȻ򣬵뵽˹ѧԺǿµսսľ
ѧԺҵ̬Ǳ̬Ҫɱ¾ɱ¾ǸֵܣȫҪɱһˣҪ˿¡
ҪɱˣҪǵʬΪʳ⣬;ûս
ܷܷ˰һۣ뵽Ҳ̫⣬ɱֵܣѣʮֶġ
ңһٵѧҵʣ°ʱ䣡ͦţƺѧĳƺϵģǳҫġ
νҫͨѪѻġ
ˣܷܷڵͷ찲ߣôһֻնȥ֫ǻ̳Ҿͷһ·
ԭӽ찲ΪçĻٺʲˡ
ܷܷɫһ䣬ΪѵĿҶһۣ֪ҶΪǿ󣬵Ȼ֪ͬ찲Ŀ£ܹŵˣ֪жôµΪ
һѧҲҺôˣҵû֮ǴҶ۾һĵŭӿս⣬һֲսܵĸо
ѧһЦ֪ˣ˹ѧԺѧϵģ㣬Ǳ΢ϣ̧֮䣬ȡͷ­֪ɷţ
δ֮䣬һֻϣ²˻˻֮Ԧڰ
˹ѧԺҲǸͬѰĵطս˵Ŀģû˻ֹһƬкΪս˵ġ
飡
ȻΰһӽצĳҶץ˹̩ɽ¡һѹ£ݿ࣬޿赲
úã
ҶȻһЦ˫һ⣬ٶȫ֣ǧ֣ʫƪҫűĹԣȭͷ֮ҫ
¡
һը죬ֻҶƳ˫ȭȭӰݺݵȥײһգ֮䣬ɭȻ£ͬٵ͵һͣ
飡
Ҷҫ̫Ҫ貵Ĺâǻ棬Ȼϣɫ˸
꣡꣡
֮죬˵ע֮£һ㱬ըצͣڰգ߲֮ʱһҺ֮صһը顣
û˿ҶĶǶûҶδ߷߲ģ
찲ǻһϵ
ÿ£˵˭һȭ찲ǰδеİϴεʦ찲䣬ȭȭѧΪںȭɲǣȻķˣλҵ죬ʵ̫ˡ
£ǿѧˣ

ߣһССѧҵҪ㻹ʲô԰ʱԷΪ֮ϣҵҪжٽ
Ҷ㻢Ŀһɣֲ䵯ѹϣ찲ֻо屻һֻзݺݵǯס޷ҡһ¡
ǰ
ڤͷһȥĻǰڣ涸ȻֹͣǵӰһ˵С
һֻ󣬻ԲѣҪն֫װ̳찲һĿ⣬һֻھܣҲҡУҿͬȮһ㣡ҶһЦ
ԭ찲ǰһֻҶ̱ģ찲
쵰Сӣȡ·ҶûӮùң찲ȫȥޱȡ
һͷϷֱǱ׻һ㣬Цʹ飬ͬһһȥ
ãѧҪˣѧɱĸ׺ֳǵħħ˿µÿһηЦҪˣ
ҲйţһܹҿңǸļһҪùˣ쿴
ʱҶ͵̤ǰһûŭӣǾ۾񣬿ǰһ棬֮һȱĽ
ǰʵ̫ɱˣΪնϣ㲻ֻأն
һն֣׶ҡأ϶ֺֻѧԺҲʼ̫ǿһ˫ӣעĴս
ۣ
һͬһ飬֮е찲һֻоÿһ飬綼һ
һ滯ɳ֮ʱĽŲȻ˶ȥƸͬйƤ۵һһѪ𾪵ĶҶ㡣
ħħնȥҵĹȥ
ȥһ˵ֻصһֻأԲһ£ҲζţսսܣΪҶķ²ֻҶһָӡ
δ;ĴҲڴ˵أڴеΪܷܷңԣȡ
Ҷһƿܿܿ˫Ŀ΢գָ㣬ͥӰֶһƮ·
ס֣찲ˣҶնδô˽սᣬҲԶֹڴˣ
һͷϷȻ俪ȥһƬɫǹÿһ֮УиǼǧɱУ֮ΪףֱɱҶ㣡
ɣ΢ϣΪаնɱңܣܣʵģƾľ磬㲻ǧǹ³ֻһǾ
찲쳤Хѱ
˿֮ǹһ˵ǱɱУҶ˵ȴδء
ֻһָͷһһⶸȻ֮ۡͬŵĹĵ㣬ǹͣѡ
˭û뵽룬Ĺǹȷ˿ҪǹȻȫʧˣ
Ǭ
˵ҪôܸıأſϣտϣΪǸ߸ϵ󣬸ܿܿƿҵ治֪㵽Ǵ˵ţδ𣿡
ҶЦ֮д˳˶ڣҶʧˣֻȴӰ

ͻȻ֮䣬һҺ찲ϴ˳ʱ˲ջ˼Ҷת찲ϡ
˿̣ѣâȴ¶һƬĿĵѪģ찲ڵϲͣŹҺ֮
ҾҲҪϵ汳찲ˣһ߸ϵţһһεı˭ܲסġ
ϵĹȣһƬɫĹȣһЩ죬ĳϵĹȣԹ֮ġ
δ飡
ֳһȣֻһͨ쳹صĽâᴩ˲񷣬һ̣պʹƺ˺ˣһն
֮̾Ҷ֮ʱ¶ܵľη
꣡꣡
ɫĹȣɫ֮ȣɫ֮֮УÿһɫһƳĹ£̲̫ֻҪߴȣѰɫɢıء
ɫ֮ȣÿһɫһ־ѵʷ
찲ŵɫȣ̺һȴһ֣仯ǧѴǧ綼Ⱦɫ
Ȼ˵۹ȫɫ
ǣȴ֮û˲µóΪʲôһ˻Ի͵ĹȻѣûõдǾ仰ʲô˼



İ ׵
꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ쳹˶ʵ֮һ׳Ļ棬˵ǰһǿͨ۷֮·ĳ
һɭȻĽƿնն䣬泹ն飬žһ죬ѡ
һ̣ʱ侲ֹˣռͣˣ
ƿѹɫȶȻѣɴֽƬƮڿУը鿪

찲ֻоĳЩҪˣһ·һͨǿߵĵ·һ̣ͻȻףҶǾ仰ĺ塣
δδͨһնˣ
ߵδ˵Ӧ翵Ķն飬ҶͻȻ֮ţˣԲʩչնĳλǿߵĹȥδ
˵ϵˣ㣡ߣ㣬ҪôܸıأҶ𽥽٣ƣһǰȥ찲Ƕһʬ塣
˿Ҷ֮ʱɫһȴ
ǿʵ̫ˣһҶܲס˵Ҷı飬ǻޱȡ
Ҫ֪Ҷһλǿߣ޿ɱģ˭ģġ
عۣ۾ɱˡ
˿̵Ҷ㣬ĿһɣޱΰƶȻ֮ҫտտ⣬մأֱ찲
찲ֻоδغ˿նϣȻΪֱ߽䣬Ӳһ۷壬䵽֮
ʦ㣬Ҷʵ£˫ӱΰʵˣݼҶӣֻоĸֱͨͨȴʵڴ˹ѧԺΪʲôҪ˺ɱˣ
Ҷֹ˽ܣҪǣҪ˹ѧԺһȻҲ֪Ҫʲô֪ҶַߣһĿģĿģƺͺʹ˹ѧԺеĹҶҪ찲͸˹ѧԺһʱźÿڣ
Ϲ˸ŲӲӾ⣬Ȼ²⣬Һʵࡣ
ҶҲᰵԵͷļΪȷֻڻ˵ʱ
˿̵տտ⣬ֱ찲ıһϵ
νﲻһͭһǽħطҲ޷սʤңҶȻһЦһָ
Ȼ£µĹֱӽ䣬ط¡¡֮졣
ħˣʵˣħǲҵģħˡ찲쳤Х˫һڵ嶸ȻͿסͷ­֮ϡ
ħǴӾһ㣬һ֣Ҷҡҡ׹Ȼħһ˲ӵеħ
ħ񣿿ѾаˣΪħῴСආ֪ߵغĽɫʵ̫ǣ̫ԲˣڣҾ֪ħ˲һһŷֽ𣡡
Ҷ㶸Ȼ֮ϣһعȵˣһλԽŶΡ׳ۣȻֲ
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⵽ʲôǸҶ𣿡
Ũɢǲʲôÿµǹıپ죬۳£
꣡꣡
һ澵һ㣬ѣ찲ԼˣǸһֱչԼϧħطˣȻȫʧȥЧã
˾Ҫôܸıأֻ
Ҷ㶸Ȼһȣһӳ˵֮УȻֵɲǣذʶŨ֣漴ڣħȫ
𣬲ҪҲҪ찲һĲҺȥδնϣ֪ԼһһȻյ㣬ˣҲԸ
׷ߣηı
ǰǱţվֿ˳ܣҪͨĻһ̣ǾȻ˼ӳҶϵ裬˴ɱ֮ʱĻ졣
˵ҶֵˣҵҺҶֵˣûһϣҶȻһЦĴ͸塣
ֻνŲ찲֮ڣѪ䣬еľԪӿŴݺݵѹ£찲ݺݵѹڵϡ
ܵģ찲Ҳ뷴֣ڵľԪԽԽĸµĿʹ̣˵ĿԼ屻Ѫͬעһϣϣȵģȴеޱȡ
찲ľҲҴ鷳Ҷĳڴ˵ǸˣҶڵѪϣ»һϢˣǴ˹ѧԺѧ
ٿҶ¶˿ݣɭЦݣ˲һȻ˼Ҷ㣬ãȻĵͷ
ȻҶҪЧ
꣡
Ȼ֮䣬µʬȻը鿪һըһ㣬м裬˴᷿ŵѪζֶĵĸо


Ȯӣڴ˰ݼһߣȥЩ˫Ŀ֮ʱȴʹرɫȴһ˵ǰ򵹡
ߵĽ£ŷɥĴ˹ѧԺ
ֻ֪ϣԺʦ֮ȴȫû뵽Щ˲ǹߣľߣ
һ˾ܾδؾǶ³˹ѧԺϣԺδؾľߣ
벻ǣƷ꣬ȺǶö࿴һ۵ˣһӴߣ
һ仰Ե߸֮ǣһ仰Ҳô˹ѧԺ˶ǰޣѰֻǱ
һУΪһ仰
Ȼ˾ȵģӦˣᣬȴ½֮ǣ΢ȴΪһս̫ŷɥ
˹ѧԺľߣȻĽ£˭Ҳ޷뵽Ҫʲô
Ӧ͹ע˰ɡЦЦƺһͻԳΪūһ㶼еȣƺѾ֪ܾˡ
ǣ껹ߣ֪ǴӽҹҲ͸ոһ̣֪ġ
֮ǣҾͿʼעˣҲôϵǵ֮֮ʱҾͿԷһ飬ˡƺѾһӴѧԺԲһ򵥵顣
˵ȷһ£ϾҪȥͱͨѧԺܸ޾鵤ҩ
Ϊﵽһ̶ȣҩĽǸã𲻵ҪãˣҪϢƴˡ
ͷߵĻûһ˿ɣ̬УѾܵˡ
Ѿµˣ˹˹ѧԺѾܶˣºԶԶʱһг
ҵõܹھϵҰɡޱ˵ֻһԺĲ𡣡
Լǣұʹȡܹھֵõϵ㣬Ϊ˵ǵĳɳûкõã
˿˵вĶͣϾ뵽ЩѾ󳬳ˡ
ǣһԺڴҵĲ𣬱Ͼ˹ѧԺʵô򵥣ǧľӪģ˵˹ѧԺ˽Ժ
һҫķѱľһһǹһƴģԼĺˮѪˮòԺ
ţǻʲôܴôӴ緢ıĳԣЩȣԺı飬ܿ˹ѧԺ˿ڲãɽ
ˣ۹˵Ҫǿٱ
콣ģ嶪ˣߺò׳һ˿鲨
ĶˣˣҵͲ룬콣ģǵôᶪˣʲô;Ȼ
콣ʼϹģ嶪ˣ飬ܹغһŵ
¶һĨź֮ɫǵģѧԺͽû뵽һµĲݣӴδѡӱҾȣȻҲһЩʦǱҩͷһμʧֽţһ͸ȡ콣ģ塣
Щȣ̸ܶѾԽ֪ķ룬һͻȻȤ
ȻȴҡҡͷЩӦ֪ʱҪľŬŬΪŬѰ˵治ĻҳΪȻ˵ԭʵܽңվķڷ˹ѧԺѧӦ˽⣬Щ˶óϷΪǾҪķڷ
оâ˸꣬ɫ
ݵͷһ̵ܽӣѾ֪ҲκκΰΪǽģܱϥˣҵĴԲģأ뵣ģ֮Ȼոµ׳ҵʵշǣԶᱩ¶Լݣ
߻ĿȻһµĹâ˸̫һ㣬ҫۡ
ããã֣̾ѾԸˣδ˹ԣ˶δظ㣬ȻܸϳˣҲңԼ˹ѧԺεģ
ðһʣҵĸʲôˣǻףĿᣬǸĸ׵ӰӣģȴѪŨˮһУԼΪԼδ·
֪ΪΣһӴЩסοǸǳСĸף
ѵЩģʱ䣬Ȼܣ
˵飬ʱ䵽ˣȻ֪ĸףܺ㣡ߴƵЦЦ꣬ûִȰЦݣүүӣҲûи׶Զӵ۰
෴ģ۰ܵһĸоǴʦֿСʦһ
ǰҵĸףһΪ·ôẦأͯʱ⣬һȣΪˣļԽԽףǸĸףƺһֱڿ
ؼʱ̻·һ;۷塣
أĻ𡭡
˼Ҳ۾һֻǿλһϮµɫ۵ˣСһ
콣ģͽҰɣһƾԼŬõѧϣժͷһЦû˻ỳģϾǬɴȻǷǳȻڸǲסɵͷǣ
ģҲһ֪˹ѧԺ£ûһ֪ԣκƫ̻ͷİɡ߿˼˵
콣أҵõǲǾˣͷߵĻǷǳֵεģ콣Ŀġ
˭ʵǿȻ͹˭ûǸʵȻסۻǵĿһֱۣ˿̣˱һһ޶ˡ
ͷŵЦʵõ
½㻹ǿЩŬɣϧǰлᣬսҲѣ˵Ŭɣϣ´μ㣬ǣһȫµ㣬ô
ߵƮȻԶѾ֪Ʈʲôطŷ͵Ƶķÿտޱȣֻ˶վԭأεץץͷľôһμһıĹ۵ġ



İ ˫ͬ
Ҷ֣ȥˣϹҶķڣҶʱ¶һĨϲ֮ɫæʵ
ڵϹƺѾǸʳ˼̻ӣһСϱ䷲
ҶЦЦҲеϹƺһμ棬û仯һĸʣ˵ʦǰΪƴֽĽ¡
ˣѧı˳ˣѰַڵһ֣ڶֵҲǱܹھѰģ壬ֻҪģ嵽֣ʸѧϹҶ㿴ţһ죬Ťͷȥѱ˵һ¡
Ѱģڵڶ֣˼ģˣҶЩͣ콣ģ󣬿˵һƷĹôܱأ
Ϲǵ߿Ѿ֪˱ʧǧˣԺİѱ飬ͬһ㣬ɢ֮ǣ޷Ѱ٣
ΪҶеǳ˭ԺҶ㣬Ȼ˷һԾԾԵģ
ããǵõģ壬Ҳڱ̫ǿ׷ɱʱɾͱʲôܹھˣҶ˵еĺô굥Ͽɷ˵ʸǷֻһƬɣ
Ȼһ㹻ϹĿһҲееĺôУһֵĿɱ֣һֺ͵ڶһֵ㣬õһ⣬õڶֵʸ񡣡
һʸ˹ѧԺ뷨ҲãýȴʱĥԼҶЦ˼ĵͷ
漴ɫһϹϹӣӿ²ˣٶԼʱܱȫԼ
Īһ仰ȴϹľ֪ΪΣʮҶĻûһɵ˼
УȥΪ¹ΪΪ׼ɡҶѴżʯ˳ܷܷıꡣ
Ϲһ㶣ҶǿںڵĲ۵ʯͷĿЩͣżʯҪжôҪ᲻֪
Ҷ㾹Ȼһر͸꿰Ⱥʯã
ô࣬ʼһҪǵİҶͷϹѾﵽһľ磬ľ粻ȣѷǿսʹżʯʹһˡ
Դ߷սһ죬۷壬ݼҲԳɹ벻֮սȻʱ˽Ϊڵһ֣ڶֵҪ֡
лϹɫһ죬Դ󷽷Ľ˹ΪҶ͸Եʹϸ΢ĸı䡣
Ҷ͸ĶȻĽܣһ챦Ҷ룬İõĽܣҲ˵ĵףѾҶ㵱ˣ׼ȷ˵ǱʶѾԼѡ
ˬĽ£ҶһЦΪ˵ϹѾǱʶĽˡ
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һչأ죬ʱ䣬ԸıܶණҶûѶϹŮҲûһš
ȫ˱չ֮УҶѰͻƵļ󣬶ϹŮڷս
һսμӴ˹սںǿԼ˹ѧԺѧǿ壬ʹòηҶ㣬ȻҲЩΪҶķͷɵҶ㣬Ӷȡλá
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ֻһжҶ˵ȴһ֪ʶȫ֮ŵӰ׷ˣҪбֱܹӽ֮
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޴飬ȻרĴ߶֮ţˣݿ֮ţʹΪҶһֹߡ
һգҶչѾ˵죬ѧҪĻˣҶ㻹ûг֡
˶ΪҶήˣˣηˣҳˣ¸·ǿ֣ʹЩηˣҲ
ҶӰδ֣ƺʧһһ죬ڵһ䷿Ŵˣ߳ŮӣϹŮ
ǶţֻǵĿһҶľסķţЦ֮
ܷܷھڶգ뿪ˣֱٴγ֣ҪöҶķţȴϹֹˡ
ϹӣҶ
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Ϲٽ㻹Ǻ˽ǸҶͻȻһЦţӳתһӰӡ
Ůһǳɫĳȹͷ߸ͷϣԵø죬µӴŻݺĺֱʣˡ
󣬸ĸӣɱһϯ᷿һ̣̫˵Χۡ
֪ҲˣǱˣҶ㣡
ţҶַһ·Ĳ֪𱨣ĸǿߣ߳ӣϹ䣬ڵϣеİ
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ȻһǸʧˣȡ֮ģȻǸɳš
𱨣Ϲٽ㣬õÿ治ǡҶñֶҳ֣ҼңߣкȥģҵѾʹѵһҪмԹ£
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ʻеһӵõ󺣵󣬷뺣ƶˣܿܿ
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㲻ţϹһţɫ䣬ָָţ㵽˭㲻Ǹаţ
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ǿ£ҶڱչأܼǣϹüëһҲΪͬһ۷壬ȻЩ
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֮ҲһǬɵһʣδģʵֶΣ֮˺ۣ³
˹ѧԺıҵΪ֮ӣڵ£һͷ­걻һֶ֮֮ǿᣬ֪
ڣңˣҾȻһѧˣ¡
ǵȻһλΪľܣֶһ˿Ա⣬˵μӣǿ֣߳Ҳû˸˰ɣ

ҶСļӻǲͣͶү㣬ҲĸˣһٺЦţЦ紺յıѩⶸͺ
ǵȻһСɫҪͶү˵ˣʲôǬɵڶʣҹĶ磡磬СȥôС
һ۵Ĵ󺺣ºں룬ֱǴúģͬƴ
УģڽģֶǿᣬΪҲǲһ۷壬ͣò˸еˡ
ϹҪƲȴһɾݺݵǯס΢֮ʱȴӰѾ˷䡣
վסϹ´󺺼ŭü֮Ȼѿһͬ¹ĹһӺ˳Ȼѹ£ƴݿ࣬Ǹܹסģ
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һ̣˶оԼ۾˭û뵽òŮӣһֱֵŮӣһΪߵŮӣ
𹬵Ŀ̶ֲȣҳ˵۵һһѪ˫ŭĶġ
ǣĴӵһɿµƷ˳صˡ
ˣ
µĻĵ֮ʱǺöĺתذɽ׶һ㡣
ŲǰƣԽԽ£ѹɫӲ԰ףԽˡ
֮ȴ鲻Խ˼ݼܷܷе֮£ɫЩ԰ס
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ֳ¹һʱᣬĻκβ
ƾһССūͣҲ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ֮ǹɱ˵ƶȻը鿪зѹ˵ȫѣʧͱ˵ĽŲҲһͣ
ʲôˣһȫɫ䣬˸ĿⶢķأֲǴӺζ
Ŷʵ̫ϤˣɫӼǿǿΡɽƣޱСһ˿ѹȥ
ĸо֪ΪȻƺһ㡣
ϹŮŴɲǣȫһɣĳ֣ζĿʼͬҲζűѩ֮ʱˡ
ţֻʱ򣬲ܾѰɣٴδƺ¶档
ɫ䣬֪ΪʲôȻ֪ܣܣĸףûеڶ֪ˡ
þȣѾ֪Ӧðûˣڵ㣬ĸоᣬҵǰһ̲סɱ㣡Ȼɭޱȡ
˵񾡽һɫҲÿ־ΪƣҪεѹӿޱȣ
ңҡһʱ侹֪ηƺʶѾ϶ˣһӮһ㡣
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˫ͬ壬ǸаŮһ棬ҲͱǿĺųΪá
ȷֻ꣬ײͬѣһףһϢ˵Ӧ˫̥ȴһ֮ڣҲ˳Ϊ˫ӣ
ˣȻ˫ܸͬȤƺܽĿǰһش⡣



İ ɱ
ĸ˵ôĿӹεϷŪΪǬɵһڵĻ߳ܡ
ॣ
Ҷ㷿ŶȻ򿪣һӰл߳쳹˵Ķʣͺܲɾ
˿ҶӰ𷽲ŵȻȻҶ㣡
ԭװŪѾòͷˣһ뵽ű߽⹥ʱŭ
ڵǸСԼҳ֣ЩūۣҶĿӹ˸Ĺâ
ƨѵ㣡ŭһű߽⹥ƣѾܶˣĻǰܷŹ
Ҷоâһ˫۶ȻʱҡضһƬƺѹѹѹµ׵תۼ۳һƬ
һ̣̫ڸǣֻʣ׹⣬ͣҫ
󣬲֮⾿˭󣿣
ǲ֮󣬵˭Ǻεǿߣ˿µ󣬼㲻Ǵ˵еҲԶˣ
ԾԾ׽ٵĻ壬һǧɽԼħħ׽٣ֲ˿µ

۷׷֮У˹ѧԺɫ׹֣Ȼʧɫ˶ԵýĴѰٶɽٵΨҶȻԵá
ȻȻģڱչصļУһԵеϣƣýնǿС
ħ˭ҪͻƲ𾳽ڵʱ򣬶ħ׽٣Ҫ֪ħʶ󣬶ɽټΪΣգóȻɽ٣ܣĶɽٳɹ֮һڻͨڲ֮ϣ߳ʵһ
쿴ˣֲ˲ǣƺ˵ģǸˣĻǸ֮ôδ֣
ȫе죬ϾʾǶɽ֮޷Ʊϣÿһ׮ȻӦˣڣˣǰδֹ顣
ڴ˹ѧԺһεĽ䣬һףڵңһĻЦ˹Ȼһ㣬ǰ;ҿõģһл˳Ȼɡ
ĸūͶôɾò̽ǣҪô˰ҶȫĶһˣʱĦȭƣͻȻ֣նɱҶˡ
Ļһ֪ΪΣҶϣǸеһɼǵĿ־壬ȴ֪Ϊʲô
ѹֲסеŭһֳ˫Ȼƻֺ꣬ѹƬֱ졣
ϹҶסק󣬿󺺣Ҷ¶һĨļ֮ɫ
һ蹷
꣡
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һĻȫסˣ󺺣ôôùȻֱùԴϡ
µĻɭȻ׵磬ǽӶֲֿľףһĺľܾĺӣϴͣܵס
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ѵڶⲻܰɣΪѾ̤˲һ۷壬ôҪⲻ֮󣡡
ǰӦǿӦöȵɣԣԣ⾪ôĺǱ˿Ƶһ㣡
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ȻżĪˣײƣײǽɱĸо

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ңʱ׵Ȼ£Ǵ⽹ۣһƬ
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Ҷ㲢һָӰһʧ֮УҶͬСһץƾ޷ѿơ

ĿһɣµȻӳϣۿɼٶȸɱȥѪͬע֮ϡ
һ̣󷢳˻֮ǻһ㣡
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һչһƬȻ£ʣȫȥ˿̣󻯳һýڵİ衣
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ħħߣ飡ҶһצСһЦȻһصһȭ
飡꣡
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ǿȫһѪ𾪵ĿҶ㡣
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ҶأеƽɢһĻĻʵ̫ˣ´ӽտʼû˵ɧҶˡ
Ͼһϵб仯ĳ֣֤Ҷǿ󣬺Ǭɵڶʵʵµǣ̥Ȼ̤˲֮
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ңôˣʢ˵ʧˣǸаµţҶЩͷۣȻҲɱĿУ֪˫ͬİء
֪ĸ߰ɣߣǧһףڲʹˣνһףȻָˣɫһ죬ųĿҶһۡ
˵֪֪ʲôǻҸطú̸̸ɡ
Ҷ֣ϹüͷֹܴҶе֪˫ͬܣȻҲµһ
ԶҶ㵥˵Щִ
ģӦԵķ¹ܷܷҸطϢһ£¾ͽҰɣ
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Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ϹΣԺƽΪ£ҸƧĵطһжˣȻҲΪѧһɨϰ
˵˵˰ɣڲ¥ϣҶɵЦûܿΪ·ֻ֪ɲһ㡣
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磬棬ֱΪƮƽ磬ɽ磬棬ϵмΪµĴڡ
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ŹɵĵͷʹϵǬ½ŴĴ壬ֻϧĴȻ㣬ż䣬ʧ̼ǷϣֻʣһʵˣȻЩ޹أȴ֪һܣ
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һ˫꣬ĺôΪ˽⣬ܹӵҶħҶһģһλһ֮ʱ൱ս
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ңҲûƭ㰡ұҵĴС㣬ǵ֮ҵ֮⣬û֪ϵ֮ңȻɣһҴС㣡
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żһһѪҵĸףĿǰ˵żҽʣµ֧ӦֻһˣҲ˵˫֮ͬˣֻʣһˣŽͦţ漴ɥ˵Ϊżҵ䣬ĸ֮󣬱ƮȻˡ
Ҷһż䣬Ȼ뵽żҺص㣬пǴʲôöĶ䣬Ӷʹùż
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ѾϢϣ˴ţҶɭ˳һ֣ʹ˻һȻѾڷŭıԵ˸е־塣



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й壬ħ壬ǿߣ֮ǣֳΪ֮ǣֻʵǿ󣬶̨֮ϵ˽ܣ
Ҷ֣ѾüĿˣϹЦźҶվһźЦݡ
ϹΪ׹̣ΪһһǿߣǱһɲĺ޷˰
ҶҲеԾޱȣ뵽òֱ̾ľƷ
ģҲҪѰҵ飬ֻնɱɣҶһЦͷԣҶΣϹȵķ֣ƺԼ
ʱһ׵˹һž޲Ĭͬˮӣէ֮£ȴƿնһ㡣
һ˫ӣʵĻϲ⣬ɫ䡣
ڣ
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ڶ˵м飬ǱļײһŻǶȻŷͬʱȴһ
ϹоһȻǸɽϣͬһȻǬɵһʣڣ
ݼһĹâ鲻Խĺ˳
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ӣҶϹǰһѪڴڵĴŴһ֮ɫ
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ڣһϹĿ⿴ţϾ֮Ů֪飬ڿҲ֪
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ˣҲǸˣȻΪһ⣡ҶЦںţҲʼȤˡ
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Ǭɴ޻ߣʵ̫ˣһŮӣһ¶֮ɫ
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ʶȷ̫ԼˣĶǶʧ˱ģȴˣֻҪʵʲôıƣĶǣȫǹƨһȭ֮У



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ϹŮû˶뿪Ҷ㣬뿴˴̼ļһǿĵ·ġ
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ҶǶ־ĶǵĥȻ峿ĲҶĻ˵ǽӴȻܸȻ֮
ʥƣȻȻҶվٲ֮УͣУȻϺˮû
һһΣһʱҶ㲻ͣжԼ˵˶ٴΣ
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Ϲ˸ĹâҶϼ֤漣֮Уͬǿ򲻵ġ
ѾˡԴĵϹ¶Цݡ
ȻƺУϷͻȻһյʱ䣬ѾϹŮʶϾǶͬһ˴򽻵
ȻҶ˫ҫ߲ʵĹâǸûһ㾫ԪǴȻ֮
ȻԭʼĹâΪԣҵںηҶտտâ񷣬һŵİɫ
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Ȼֻԣ֮ʼ֮ҶбһųȵĹâһĨɫУ֮ʼıԴصԴȪ
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Դ֣ɽѣʯݣɽѣҵٲȫһȪˮ̶֮ڣ
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Ϸ̽׶ʯҶУһ㵭ʯϵʯ鿪壬Ϊһ֡
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ʹ죡һ죬ԭǲһ죡ȡ֮컯磬Ȼ֮ƹؿɾΰҵȻһнֻǿʼ̤۷ǰ࣡
ҶоţƬأգ֮䣬ɽ̶ˮٲԼըĻݲݣһ̣ٴλ
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µȻ֮Ҷܹ֮ȻҿԱ⣬׻ʣڣǵıӦˣϹ¶һĨ̵Цݡ
׻ʣҶͷˣϾҪΪҶĿꡣ
Ҷ㣬ҪʲôȥϷһҶ㲢δͣת𴦶ߡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷ㲻߲ݣȫ˼ȫ֮ϣɼŮΪҶһû뵽ȻһԵתߡ

κθ飬ŮҶѾħˣﵽĿľݣԸ
ϹŮЩЦã֪øˣǾɥȻ֮ɹ벻һ죬Ϊһ벽ܡ
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ʮʱ䣬Ҳ򣬵Ҷȣ࣬ʸ־ĸҶ㡣
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ҵĽ׻ûɣȻøˣЦɫʵҶ㣬ҲȤˡ
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Щһеȣޱ飬ĸ̬Ůں棬ֵפۿ
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ҪʲôſЩȫĵҩЩҩݻϴõģЩ㶣Щʲôá
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Ҷȴ֪ľ޴ôΪޱȣսʤ̫֣˽졣
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ⱾǴõİ취ڣòַԼ壬ǿ壬ӶﵽǿսĿġ
£Ҳסɽ֮ڣˮ֮ԡ
Ҷ㣬۽磬治֪λʲô취ԼΪϷ̸пĽ飬ʹԶ֮ͬ˳죬ļҲǽΪ͸Щ鵤ҩҲеͷΡ
ҶѲҩˮϺãóٶԼҩֲУһƳҩࡣ
ʱȥҩζ˳ҩζʮִ̱ǣŵ֮˸оǺǣ֮Բϡ
ŮϲɾŵζȻܲˣȻϹŮԼͬת뿪ߵӱߴԸͣžȻŻ
ʲôôţ¹֮ŲԹ
Ӧǿҩɣ治֪ҶҪʲôѵҪǸ߰ѽȡϷҲٺƢܹȥѶ߷ŵҪ뽭
һŹĻ£ҶӰסˣ漴ǹҩζԽԽŨŮȫԶԸͣ
ҶȴŵҩĨȫ£һ䶼δ£ǧƾζ϶ҩģⰾƵҩģֵʮ£
еƤķӦģһֻƤȫ
飡飡飡
ڴ֮ȻھҵĻζһ㡣
浽׸ʲôôӰӱ˾޴󣿡Ϲһ֮ɫĻ֮ҶӰӣȻһ
壬ѵǴֶ𣿡뵽ŵҩζҶݲȵӣײ֮ƺס
Ϸڵ伮м֮ķʽע磬ͬʱҲ塣
顭
ײԽԽײײԣԽʰ
ǣײ֮УҶ֣࣬绹ȫñ֮ǰӼ̡
ոһգҶÿ춼ظͬһ飬壬
Ȼݳ޵Ĵ巽ʽҲֻҶŻʹãΪÿķѵľҪʣ
ʷǰ£ҶļûˣծۣŵϷ̣Ƿǧľ޿ȻʵȣЩǮ㲻ʲô
Ҷ֣Ϲȵķ֣Ѿһ˵壬һ

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ǹ֮֮֮֮֮Դ֮ʼ֮֮֮֮֮ʯ֮֮֮֮ɱ֮֮֮һٸļ壬ҵ壬
ҶЦΪϹѾĿɿڴˣţǰȻ˶
ЩȻڻͻûһ⣬ͬһ壡Чڣ
ȻЩɲƾճֵģһһ֣ķҶ㣡
һٸ㣬Ϊ״ﵽʲôֲزϹСſӿɰ֮Ȼ֮
˵һʱĲܹԦһ˵ΪȻǷ켫֮Ϊе˽ҲΪ
ڵҶ㣬˰ԶԶ֪ķ룬Ȼ쳣ȻٳͬͲôˡ
һ۷֮ҶŵЦջǶʱˡ
Ϲտտ⣬ջĶ仰Ա˵ǴԲѣҶԣĻϹ˵ҲΡ
Ϊĸȥûǵһˣһ֮ǵУ͵˽ˣǾԲ鷢ңǵĳ˾֡



İһʮ ׻
ĦʶĻͰѺŵѪ⽻ң򣬽ƾסңƮƮǧڣ߬Ѫ֮ˣȫһ䡣
׻ʣ㲻Ҫ̫̩һˣҲһ壬ǸΪĦڳ֣Ȼƽ˷Ѫ⣬֮˳ϣҵǿͬʱ֣ŵʬ
Ȼٶȼ죬һˣ֮һѪ⣬ĦҲʾ˽ӽķ֮һѪ⡣
ǿ߷ָ׻ʣȻ⣬Ҳû뵽ںĦȻڹؼʱ̣עһѪ⣬ռȻ
һĻ׻ʳ֣ҪնɱĦѪ⣡
ĦĹ²Ǭɴڵһ֧ȻͱǿȣĲһ㣬Ҷ֮ǰնɱһλ𣬶ϤƾѧƵİ壬һ治֪˽ƣ㻹ʲôõó
׻ȻһЦ֮һŽ⣬˳ǹµĳѧƣ
꣡꣡
ռ䶸Ȼը鿪һɾƿնĦɫ䣬˫ֺʮһţ漴г֡ӷĸ׭֡
ԣ
һ죬׻ɫһţĳƣ֮оһʮɸߵˣ͵£ĸ׭
ǿ׻ʵʵ𣿲죬֮
ʵҪĦһȼһнƣð壬ݿֱ࣬ɱĦС׶༪ඣ
˶̾Ϣͬʱھ̩̾޵˲ţ׻ᣬﵽ죬Լǰ;Ĺ
ˡ
Ȼ֮䣬֮Ǿ飬ϴͷԵӲֻһŶ˾ݺ˺ѣһ̿նĺУ˫ֺʮͷһڽƴӡ
ǿ񱩵磬Ȼ÷ƽ˾׻ʣҲɫ䣬ɫѿ
ӣû뵽ھر׻ʹž޲¶һḬ̃˷֮ɫ
׻ʣϰ֣֮䲢޾𣬵ȻҲ˶Ǻ㣬ֻƽֲ֣սΣĦδţͷϵĽȥ׻ʵ
ȥ⣬˵޶ֵĴ㣬˵Ѿһ
Ҳã׻ʵͷĦɫһϲֱ𣬵׻ȴ˵ϵѪʵ̫ˣָһݡ
ĿⶸסĦػ
Ŀǰ˵Ħֳ֮һѪ⣬ǿ֮ģ˵ֵ峿һֹھͷĪˡ
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ķʮ͸ջǰܱѵͷԣ˹Ŀ࿴ˣ˼֮УҶҲۡ
ϣ˲Ҳֻ޴˲ŻȻ޴ľ֣ͷҲһûбȻΪĽʺˡ
Ҫ٣ڼȡ֮УĦѡ˷ȻҶ㲢Ϊ˼ļһûкС
෴ΪĦ׻Ҫµöִ࣬ϣĶֲڣҲ׻ʣпĦУ
ҪҲ࣬һ룡׻оտտĦȻתһɹɵʱ֮תʱϢ
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ˬ죡׻ʴһָ«֮£ЦŲŲգ֮ʧ˵֮У
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ܾȰһܱ΢紵ɢһ㣬ɫ£ޱ飬η塣
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׻ʣ
վǰģҲǱˣһҶ㡣
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ҶһԾ£׻ʶվûһ˿η֮ɫ
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֪ҵΪβɱΪһֻèԶһֻ󣬾󳤵ٴèǰֻܵķݣ
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˵ֻ޴˲Ż㣬֮ܳΪˣһͷ¿ҶȻ𣬳忪׻ʵµ糤֮ˮϲ˲׻û
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ɲ֮䣬ǹŵıԴ۸ģҶ㾪ȵķ֣ĶţȻֱת£ΪԵĿ־壡
ʱóұҶȻһȭеĿ־嶸Ȼ仯Ϊɻңͬһ㣬ȽȽ
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꣡꣡
Ȼ֮䣬һɾɭȻϮǹ֮γɴѺۣʱĹâȻȥҶȴٶɱ͵غһȭ
׻ʣҲˣɣ
һȭգ֮֮ȡ˵һȭǻ֮ôһȭ֮ʹﲪٴ
ëͷСӣҲң治֪ߵغҲãھ֪˿һֻ׸󣡡
׻ʵɫ䣬ǹȻϵ޷Ĩɱ֪ǰߣ֮ͥ׵ת֮壬ηҶ㣡
ˣ
һһŻǱŷҶеһȭ˾֮ϣһʱֱ۱ˣʹ̣
֮ʱ䶸Ȼ۸ģЪ˹أҲûκĿ꣬³Ͽߡ

Ҷ㷢һȣ߷һϾҪѳӵĿƣǾȻ𣬾ͱʱ۸ģٶȥ
Ȼʱûֹͣͬһٶȴ߶ʱ䷨򣬽ҶĽס漴ֻȭͬȴСݺݵ

һ޺ȶ죬һףҶĤֱ죬ŲȻȻһ



İһʮ תΣ
ƣƣƣ
Ҷ㳤һŲһᣬ˫ŰȥɽҰ֮ڣ֮תһŻ潻߲֮֯ɫâɣ͵ر
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֮бϢȻ֮䣬仯һޱȵĽУȻ߷
顭
ȭǰδе־Ȼ׻ʵȭͷˣʹ׻ʽŲȴ
ֲ㵨ţ̫ͷ϶ԭΪͻƣﵽ˲һ죬Ҹ㣬ƾǿսȣĲǰ㣬ڣʶʶʲôս죡
׻ʶҶ㵨Ҫԭ򣬵ǣΪһλǿߣҶоԾЦʮֲм
꣡
Ҷѿ·ȫлһ㣬ʹ̣֮һܣ
ߣĸʹɣ׻¶̵Цݣ֮һУҶ࣬ݺݵȥ
飡
ж֮ϣ޷͸һ㣬һɰȻбŷҶϳϰӰ
һ̣Ҷ¶һĨóѵЦݣݺݵȥ
ҿ׻ʣĩյˣ
Ҷ쳤Х֪ﱬĿ¡һ죬ʱ䳤ӷһ죬㱻ײ˶ȥ
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ȣǵйٵһ£ʱһ㣬ֻһֻӿ̽ľֺݺץ䣬ʱߣ׻ʶϵ
ⲻܣҵʱһ׻ʻˣʷһηȹ飬ʱͨ˿գ׻֮ͥתȻϤһĴڳɹעһʱ
Ӷս޲ʤ޲ˡ
ǣζ벻ڽ죬һֻӿ̽µĴץˣܸܵץ֮ˣǸǿߣ
ֻ˵ǸͶӰ
Ȼ䣬׻ʻ±亹͸֪Լ׵ʲôˣһֻͶӰ֣֮ץԼⷨĽ٣룡
׻ʣ㲻ԿԼΪèΪ𣿺ãȻϲèҶȻȫ㣬Զһֻè
ҶɭȻȭӰ´£ɿȥһʱ䣬׻ʳɹס
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׻Ц˫һ̧Ǿ޴֮ȵݺ˦ɳȥһ죬³Ͽײ÷飬Եڵϡ
Ҷ㿪ʼţ׻ʹȻһ㣬ŵ֮ͥתļȻѣ
˸ŨŨţĿ⿴죬âտտ
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һǹһ֮ǹնɱ֮ˣɽ֮ˣͼսеˣ
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˿һĻȻŵûټ׻֮ʱ鲻ԽĹڵϡ
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˾һĻˣҶ㲻㣬Ǿվ¶һĨЦݡ
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ܣдߵķҴʱ䷨µһУܱ߽⣡׻ʵֱסţҰһֻµȭͷ
ԣ
ɲ֮䣬Ѫ׷ɣƬƬѪ⣬ɭȻİ׹ǣӿз飬ֱ䣬ը䣡
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ҶһսȻϣٴκһȭȻһȭڰݻһֻƣ֮䣬׻ʶûκβʱ򣬺ݺݵĴ磡
ӶᣡҺݺݵӶᣡ
һŭȣ׻ʷԼȻԼĿơ



İһʮ ָħ
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ִ׻ʵ磬Ҷ㾪ȵķ֣֮һк澹Կʱӡ
̺޹˼ɣһչ𣬴Լ֮ڣ
ңҵĴлңСӣҸƴˣ׻ʱˣһʧ˴УҲ޷̳֮ͥ׵δˣ
֮ͥףγһȦ澹ȻһӰӰһֱָҶͷ­
߾ԭǸƷû˴УҲһ𣡡
Ҷɫ䣬һȣͬһָһָȻ߶ϰ֮࣬Ȼ֮иոյõʱ
꣡
ʱת֮£һָĹԾȻͣͣȻ֮٣һָ͵ش鿪
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û˴Уѵ㻹˵𣿹Ѿͥˣע㴫жʧ֤Ѿ֮ͥѵ㻹Σ
紺ףݺݵը׻ʵĶĤ֮ϣȻһϯҲǾݣԼԼĲ²⣬˵˳
ΪһǿҪɱֻһǾǻľ
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׻ʿˣıֻԭӢҲóªޱȣһҺӱղϵһ̣Ҷŷ֣׻ʾħ壡
ħ׻ħˣ
㲻֮ͥ׵ĴˣǸ۲۵֣ħ彻ų㣬һ֣
ҶЦͬһ㣬׻˫ĿѣѪ˳͵ֱɱҶ
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׻ʷһҺӴݺݵȥ
Ҷ׻ʵıϣץסĳ򣬺ݺݵһɲ֮䣬һĲҺ֮ˣȫӿһ㼦Ƥ

Ҷݺһֻ޴ĳ򱻺ݺݵ˺£Ѫ죬˲³Ͽ֮
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ҶȷиǿĸֳˣԼµǿ߽˱
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ĿһǴޣ˼ϵһǿߵϣ𶷣Ǵ幬ǿߣһǿߡ
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ҶǰһȻ׻ʣĦвԸֵԭΪ幬ʵ̫Ӵˡ
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ǵĵ£ȻһϹŵһϵΪֹѱ飬յڤ֮ͬ
һе꣬ôҸԸ϶ʮ֮һѪ⣬Զ˳һӲסôͽеѪ˫ַϣһ·ɸҶģ𶷹Ц



İһʮ ٶ
ãҵϣҲɱ㣬ֻļɣҶɭȻ𶷻еøУĻһŭӿ
⣡
ޱ飬˫ĿЩն֮Ϲŵ֮С
綸Ȼͬɳһ㣬ʹͷĴܣǧǧ˿־쳣
һ̣Ȼ٣֣ݣ
ȻرذɽҰ䱻»Ұ⣬µһƬռ֮ڣҹĻǰ٣ʹƬռ䣬һ
٣ѵվĵҲ𣿡ҶЦںҹ֮У˫ų㾫⡣
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һ֮ţƿˣף࣡
ͷ֮ϣһǧ磬ڤϹͥǬ½ħ磬磬磬ǧӰȫ֡
ȻһȻҫĶƿս٣ڤһĵϹŵңңӦ
䣡
Ľ٣Ž
Ҷ˫ĿһǾĵȻȥֱӺ𶷴߷ĵײһһʱ䣬ٿգ˸ŽؽԶ
һԽŽĶԾϹŵĵµ鿪ֺ˶ȻʣСӰ񷡣
֮УҶǿվȣ˫׶һһʽȻ֮Ȼ֮أХ쫷Ȼ
ȻֶΣΪǲ̫ˣҶЦȭһ׼Ĺâ¡һ죬ݺݵ˳ȥ
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ɫЩѿ˱֮࣬͵ϥڵϣָңͬѲ֮գ֮䣬Щµħٴվ
ǲײĲᣡսɱ
ҶǸȻͿϵİ׼ɲǼʹһ͵غһȭ
һȭֱҡΣˮɽ飬սսֱӴ߷ǿ˿̣սһһ
͵˹ȥǺХħξһͣ漴ȫը鿪֮䣬Ҳʣһ㣡
úݵСӣղ㸩׳Ƴħ񲻶ɾˣɫųݹ⡣
ħңɽ֮ƺȻѹǧ潣ǹâХ
һɿµ磬ݻն޷磬ֲ쳣ֱײ֮£󷽵ɽ״ݻ٣һϱ£
ÿµս֮ǰǿָֹħȻͬһ㣬幬Ҳ˼һ֪ʲôǳ裡
վڿеҶɫ䣬ûһ˵˼ΪԷǿԾӦԵİ취
𶷣ȻѾƴôԸԳԼĹײģıս
ɲ֮䣬Ҷܱ߷Բ֮ڣʱ÷ƽ˾ۿҪ𣬵һ̣ܣžˣ
ıսڵľԪǣԪκˣһͬħһ㣬𽥺Ϊһ壬Ҷȭͷ֮ϣ
˼֮ԻٶΪף֮ͨΪγɾŹԵģҶܣΪṩԴԴϵľԪ
顭
ڣȭͷһȭһȭһȭʤһȭһȭݹһȭһȭһȭҪ£ıսıս
ը죬Ӷÿһȭ£ÿһϮ𶷵ɫͱһΣԽԽѿޱȣ
ȭӰ飬𻨱֣ǿµϨ𣬾ӶȭӰ
ԣԣԣ
ÿһȭ£𶷵Խ٣Խ߷ĵҲʼʹ⽣ӰɱȥͼסҶ㡣
ǣıս֮£ȭͷ̺̫෨ֱÿһȭ£϶ᷢԵһ죬֤һұϣ
ӶŸڶ̶Ƭ̹˰˸ʣһ֧ţ
ɫ࣬ңҲ벻һгѧ꣬׾ٱˣ
˵𶷣ˣҲɱ㣡
Ҷɭһʤߣ𶷣űϻʣµһңǿ֧ŵϹŵ
ҲҲħ֮ħûܹ赲ңҵԸҪ
𶷵Ȼ߳˺ȥ¶ı飬
˫Ѫ죬뱦֮ڣȻ֮䣬ҫɫĹâ漴ɫΪɫֱɺɫ
ԣԣԣ
ϹŵȻǽͷƺһͷ˹ͷʵ̫ɭȻֲˣ
ҵĻݣʵھס˸֮Ϊ֣Ҷһ˿øУɢȥ
֪Ǹ䲻ˣ
ϹŵΣվҪΪãһߣߣҲɱˣΣ
ҶŭһȣҡΣĿų⡣
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һȭɨ£Ĺݻǧ磬𾪵ǣһȭ۴ıսвһ۷Ϊµģ֮ţ
Ҷһȭ֮ţ
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ҶŭһȻ䷢һߣһ߳ȭͷϹŵ֮У
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һƬɫĹ£ȫѵ˫³˳ѪõѪٴθûͷ­ħҲͷ­֫ϱۣʧȥһУȫʧã

𶷷һĲҺһ飬һ٣һ̱飬Ȼһ̣ȴҫһĨѪ⣡
ֻƸ߸ֻƸĸָȳһָ
ٿ𶷣˫ĿѪ죬ͷֱ֣ϣֻʣһֻƾȻˣ
ͷ죬ȻֻѪܵƸ߸ֺݺ£ȵķ֣⾹ȻԼֱۣʱȻеֱ۾ʹŲҽгڣ
ھ֮ҫϹŵʱҶ֮ͨѸײڶ֮ƣȻն䣬һң˱٣նƣ
ˣѾˣŵѪɣҶӸµĿûһ˿ʤΪΪܣûɱѾĶ͡
Ҷ˫ĿžΣյļһʮַģǣʳԶʣǸسŵˡ
ɱҰɣ㲻ɱңһڣžʹܸܵλ֣޷ˡ
ΪǷĿڣ֮ͨΪеľ磬Ѿնϣûһ˿ָܣ



İһʮ һ
˵ˣҲɱ㣬ҲʳԶʣˣŵѪɣѾ߳ˣ
Ҷ㵭ģϴŷ絭Цݣȴûһ˿һķɡ
ԸһļһóֶΣոɹıս֮ţȫעһŽļһɱ˵ʮּѡ
𽥷֣벽ܣҪԽɱʵ̫ˣһնɱ׻ʣҪûҶİѾˡ
һΣеƣ֮һڴܣòҿ
ȻһΣҲջķᣬõһϹŵڤӣҲ˵ĵλ棬Ѿɹõ֮ʣһڤˣ
ʹҲܸеսٴΪһ۷֮죬һ֮
ǣ𶷣幬һˣʮָȤе˵δǱѰ˸ǿµľˣ
Ҫ̫ԴԼҶռȻⳡս˭ʤ˭ĺ˵
֮ԷһΪעҪǣҶ㲻ɱΪӾսڣһֱһ˫ӿһҶɱǸ´ڶȻ֡
Ҷ²⣬ǸڶȻ幬һһܡ
òǰ;İָħǲɱҶ㻹һַͽǾնȥ˫֡
ճʼ뷨նɱ𶷣Ϊʱϲ죬ڵڶ֣Գɾʹ¡
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𶷻ˣ֮ʱһ˫ӣҶһǲò
սĶʵ̫ˣҶ㲻ﳤõõѪ⣬Ȼ֣Ѿõ֮һѪ⣡
ٿɫѾ賿ңɫ𽥴
ҰɨƬأȵķ֣ѪϢȫʧˣеʮͷۣƺҪҪѪ⣬Ѿˡ
뵽ʽĿɫøء
Ҳ˲ϢѰѪ䣬ֻϧʱɿ죬СʱҴҶҶ㻹һ


մ˹ѧԺĹأȡóһ£峿ֳѪߣڴ˹ѧԺǰϡ
˿ʱ䣬ҶҲʮε˹ѧԺ˹ȥ
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Ҷ֣ջΣϹҶ㣬ʱ˷ܵ˹ʵ
֮һѪûһټҶҡͷ̾ϢҲһĽǶյ壬ս
Ŷŵֳ֪Ҳ֮һѪ⣡ǸĦУҲ֮һģ֪ϹüͻȻݹһֻ«
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Ϲо˸Դӳʦ֮˼ȫҶϣһΣϣԼܹæԸ
Ҷһ㶣ЦҡͷݼҲҪμӵڶֱϾҵ֣Ƿʸһϣ񲻱ãˣЩѪ⣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
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߿磬һڣȴ˶סˣ紺ףò˶Ĥ
£ǿԶУҶɨжܹӱгг֮һѪ⡣
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Ҷüëһץһֻ«ǰ˹ȥ
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ˣѪȫʱǹεʱ䣬ȻȥϢɣ߰ĿҶתƿȥ˵
Ȼ˾ȵǣ֮Ӱʧˣⲻò˾̾ٶȣ
λֵܣ˼һֹ˹Цӯӯ˵ȻҶ㡣
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ĿڵһתʱҲͶɻĹâȻھҶɳٶȡ
ԴˣҶֻǵȻһЦһЦɭȻڴȵ£ǲһս
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Ҷ֣ϲ㣡٣պҪҶЯϹЦžҶһھ¥ϣˣֱҶ㣬ϹݼţϷ̺òܷܷ
˵˵ҶЦźһڻ֮Уӵһ֮Ҷо泩
ķ¶ޣʹ࣬ȫɢ
֮һѪ⣬ҶǵǶˣһֵһˣܷܷЦ˵ڵһУҲȡ˲׵ĳɼƬѪ⣬֮ˣҶ֮⣬û˱ˡ
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Ҷ˸տտ⣬ŮҲ¶Ц֮ɫ
ȷһֺͺȣʵ򵥲ˣȹؼʱ̣סĲǹؼ
ˣǸֹӵʲôҶڻ̲סʵ



İһʮ ڶöģƬ
ҶʣŽӹͷ˵ǸֹӲǱˣ֮ĸ
ҶЩȣ˵ӦǷˣǮͨ죬ܹƿؾ֮Уò㲻ʲôɡ
֪ͷ˵ĸֹͬǮᣬǮܹ֮ǣ
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˵֮ǣ˵һ
׵жǮ㣡
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ôľ磬ֲú˶ǿߣΪãϹһȻ
Ҷ㰵ԼǮ֣оڶֱУľ֮һ
ҹʱ񵥰䲼Ҷ֮ڵһ֮ϣ䲢еģڣĦкǮᣡ
ڶֱĿʱ䣬֮峿


ʱ糱ˮգۼԭϵ峿¶մڲݵϣԵø⳱ʪҶˣһٶʮˣҪѰģ䡣
ͬһµʱ䣬ģƬҵ֮ˣժͷõһ
⼸գҶ㲢У֮Ǹ߱ˣܵ𳡣ͬǿ߾սͼҵһ˿ͻƵĻ
Ȼȴʧˡ
ϰζ鵤ҩڽ𳡻ɱ˲ڰλǿߣȴʧܶգıϣ޷ơ
գѡȻжڼžĽߣųϫ٣Ȼ֮һһҹһ
죬ѵʲôҵľԪԳƣΪλǾٲѣҶ㳣ɻּǻ塣
ȻʱҴڶֱȻʼҶ㲻òʱѰͻơ
ϹݼţϷ̻ܷܷһ飬ϾģƬǺѰңŵļ䣬֪ģƬ˺εء
ȻҶ㵱մſУ֪һöƬ䣬ȥһö


ǮƣǮᣬʲôϵأҶо˸ǮͻҪ˫֣ԺͣȻܡ
ңΪģ壬ǶͻԣǮƺǮᵽʲôϵ֣ģƬ
ŸѶϢǮҴԺ֮ǵ룬ûʵĲã˼Ļʹڡ
ǮƲǮӣסڽһԺڡ
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οҶɲǣ۽΢΢鴤һĨȻҶ֮ǰȻ˵ѾǻС
С˲ӵ˼լӵ˲ڴˣ빫Ա㡣ũ򵭵˵ͷصϣص
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ũճͷǵϣտտ⣬Ψǿ߲ܱĹâũ֡
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ֲǮİһöƬܣԭũʵǿߵĿܼС
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˿²ǱˣҶ㣡
ǴԲѣñҩδ˵˸Ұҵͷϣ£֪̫ţǺʧķأ
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⺮â൱һֲҶһɫ˫һ㺮⣬һӱŷһ貵Ĺԡ
Ϊһ壬һĹȣܵ棬ȵ¶ȣʱռȼе㣡
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飡
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ѵĻǺ𣿸ɣҶһߣȭΪǧݺݵ˳ȥ



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Ǯоտտһŷ۶֮ţ˿ֲ
гһѰףڿһȻ֮䣬ɫǰ︴һ㡣
شţһֻҰ׵ֱ۴ӻ˳䶯һɫҰףѪǿվ
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ũװҲͨ·һף֮
Ҷ㵹һ̾ǮҲ֮£֮޼۵ıŰǰһĵ׵ļ۸񣬾Ҷġ
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֮ŻдڣҶ׿ȻɫΪԼյ֮Ȼ޵еĴڣǮƵ˼֮ƺһ
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Ҷһʧɫ磿Ĵڣ
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Ǿܵӣⶼܲ³ʯǴģΰ֮˭˾׵Ķģķʯ飬һ飡
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Ȼһȭһȭ򵥵û֮ţͬҲûаû޾սȴǼ򵥵һȭûа壬ȴ˰壡
һȭ
˭Ҳ޷ױȣݿ࣬˾֮УȻٶͻƣ˲죬һȭǿֲ֮



İһʮ ֲǮ
꣡
һ֮촫ױ׳ڵֱۣȻ˿
ѷ죬ֱۿʼۼȫأ£ÿһ缡ȫ֮
䣡
ͻȻױ͵ը鿪ȳ֮ζ˳
ʲʲôɱһױⲻܣһ߲նɱױģԣԾΪΪȻͻˣ죬ʲôתٶͻƣնɱҵһױ
Ǯֽű֮УѾҶ֣գۼ䣬նɱ˼ʮױˣʱ־
ǲˣô˿ֲսһˣˣôȡ컯õ֮أǮĻˣɱľУЩױѾʣǿʬ
ױ죬ʬƳɣʵ̫࣬ҶնɱһֻױǮҰ꾭ѣ֪ʧô޴
ס֣
ǮƷĳ˹ȼԪΪȻ˲죬ޱȿֲʵ嵽Ҷǰֱ̧һƣֱҶͷ­
նɱױҶ㣬Ŀһֻͣоһɿֲ˷ܵ͵Ϩɫ
ʱûҶڳѰԮ˵һΣǵһһǿߣ
㻹ãʮԪôȼմ㻹ãҾˮҶ㻢Ŀһɣտտ⡣
꣡
ֻȭȭֻצצٳƣֳȭ˷գ֮ڣ˰ٴΣ漴ݺݵ˳ȥ
Ǯƺϣݺݵһң
УһֻµһϹţһצܹץ񷣬ץλıϣ

ҶֻܳһֻצȴûڣΪΪͻƣʱٻ֮Ϲź
飡
һ죬ǮƶʱͬйƤ򣬱ݺݵҳԶڵͬ«һ㣬˼ǿͣסŲһѪɫֻ쳣
㣬㣬˿ֲǮƺˣ־ˣ֪ҶΪʲô˿ֲһƱ
Ҫ֪ȼʮԪ˲ΪܺͲǿȡ
ȻҶ㾹ȻһƣһģһһƣΨеʱ䣬һֲ֮⣬ûκ
һлҪ鹦㣬ЩױȻǱҶ㵭һЦǮƣ͵嵽һǧױ֮ء
ٴɱר֮ˣȻ֣Ҷÿһɱױ֮󣬶磬ӶɵǵΪ
ҲǣٻһƻǮƵҪԭ
ոͻƣ粻ȣҶͻ֮󣬵õ̫Ĳ䣬գۼ䣬ȶɽսͻͽ
ȵǣղһƣ屶սͲ쾳ǿߴһƽ֣ѹһͷ
գۼ䣬һǧױɥҶ֣֮ɱһױ֮δĶԣڹԪ֮£Ϊ쳣̡
˵ǲӦøл㣿ҶЦվǮƵǰӸµĿ
һеı仯̫ˣһ֮ǰ㻹ĵһĿңϾҪ䣬Ǵ˵أԣҵһ˿Ȼȴһҵϼ縺Ÿʹԣ
Ҷ㿴ǮƵ뷨䷳˵˵֮⣬ǰ;ԽԽҲδһ¡
ָһǮϵũװ͵ر£Ҷ㾪ȵǣȻı仯֮󣬾ȻһϮۣ
Ȼһ汦ǮƣûףѾһʬ壡ʶģ͹Թ԰ģƬɣƤ֮࣡
ҶĿһץǮƵĲӣͰ
Ǯ˸ſ־ĹâҶɭȻӣо亹ֱðɫԽԽҰףϢĸоϮڸе
𣬱ɱңɱңǮƿ־ĵʮСҪ˵ˡ
˵ƬģָǮưһҪʹȥֻ֪ҪķˣС군ˣ
ƣң桭
ǮƼѿڣ۰Ͱ͵ĶҶ㣬ϣһ·ũҲһ֣檳ȺūƵӣô׷
꣡
һ£ȻѣȻһɫҶһЦͬʱǮеķʯȡߣŽ䶪ڵϡ
ǹغ«һڵϴһǿֹסĸоɻ֮ȥסؿڣҵĿš
Ȼ䣬һɭȻĸоڲϣɫȻһ䣡
㣬ӦɱҵģӦң㲻ܳǮƵҪˣڵϣͷ絷⣬ʲôĵĻ˵ó
ҶһЦԸŵ˵Ļ𣿡
ǮɫһʱͣסֵĿҶ㣬ϵĽֻ֮ͨҪն䣬꣬ȫĨɱۼ
˵˵ɣʲôֵҲɱĵط˵ˣҲһͷһҶһĨâ˷ܣΪϾҪһؼܡ
˵˵֪Ķ㣬ֻҪ㲻ɱңǮƱҶɵˣзȫˣﻹһ㷴
֪һȫһԵ˵˳ĳǮҵĴ˵ԼǮҷչ
Ҫ˵ػ֮ʱͻȻɫһף͵س鴤۷׵ĵڵϣһĨ־֮ɫ
ˣ
ǮƾȻˣϢ֮䣬ûһ׵ˣ
պ˵ػ߹µʱȻֹҪĶҲҶ֪飬û˵ڣǮƾȻˡ
ˣǺˣҶ㻷ķأտտ⣬Ҫ֪һУȻһжϣ˴˼·
֪ʵ̫ˣҵĺõܣúðϢɣһӰӴӿг֣ΪǿȻɨ
ҶһȻǸɫֵӰӳڰգǣ֪ӰֻһͶӰ
Ǯᣡ
ǺеһֹӣػǮҵǿߣȻľݣҲ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ֪̫ˣƾǵΪ治ǣȻ֪Ǯػ֮Ҳ֤ѾԶˣһУԼҵģ
ǮȵҶ㣬һȻ䡣
꣡
һף䡣
һɲǣҶоԼƺסˣһ˿ƶֱ۶޷˵תԪˣ
Ǿ׽ٵɲǣֻоĺëըһ̣ȻܵĽ٣
̫ˣǮʵֲ̫ˣ
Ҷһֻ֮ɫһθо֮ٿǸ޺ֹӣ˿ֲʵû뵽飡
ҲһҪ׷ϴ



İٶʮ 
ͻȻ䣬˫бһޱΰĵͬͭǽڣҶǰһ죬Ǯƿֲһ
ҶʧɫҺԴ鼰ʱҫϢݻı壬˲ֱӵĵ񣬰ҶԿ⾪һ룡
ͣ
һͬʱǵͶӰ˲ը鿪ֻʣ亹ֱðҶ㣬гΪʬǮơ
ǮζԼȻԼõһȫ׸ΪūΪͣԹ޻ڣȴϷ֣֮һЦЦ
ʵֲ̫ˣûԴ飬ҽѾһʬ壬ڴˣҶĿԵôͣϲöʱȫޣ亹ֱð
Ȼ뵽һ쿴ֹǮʱһ˿Ĳʱףԭжµһ
ǮΪѾִﲻ֮ҲüһͶӰһɱңҶзһս⡣
ԽǿĽԽԣɥԽԽ˷ܣΪһֵĴڣϲ֮
ѲһܣԺѰ˿ȴʧǮƵʬнʬҺ֮⣬û
ǮƵȷܸУǾĿʵҶһѡ


һպ磬ġ
ҶŲ٣ɽҰ׷ٵ˳УСǸⷱ٣ûļ
öƬ͵գۼʧˣ
֪֮ЩΪеöģƬڲãɽؾڵõǱײһγһεߣֻҪƬ֣ᶼâ֪ͨҶ㡣
ɣ˵Ѿ֪׷㣬ӲҵħƣҶһЦĹâٴöƬģ
λӣӭľӣʲôҪ𣿡һŮӿʮֶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ׳һ
ؼҩĸֱͬʱҽˣ˵ҩģʣҪʲôŮӿҶһۣʡ
õҶܹĴһʱˣδµĹ͡
Ůӽ͵Ͼǰľ޿СѣĴ˭ǵ
ŰɣǱӸСѡҶһЦߣ㱾ӹ䣡
˵֮󣬶ҲֵǮĽ׻ңҪ֪һʵ̫࣬һϺþƲˣһ۵ҩ
һ˸СѣǼѾǳµĿˣҶȴִϰ;ˡ
һһȶˣԵʮַɧŮ˹òŮӣ㽫ҶһٿޣȻ˾ľӵϰ
ˣϲ鵤ҩֻҪõóҾ⣬ϲֵĵطҰɡҶָָŮӣ
ŮȫͶĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬ϾֻҪһˣʤǧֺ˭Ը⡣
ŶҪǰɣããһж⣡ϰЦڳΪҶֶһǶ֣
һҪźλүȥõĵȥ챦ҲǸֵĵطĶôλҶӵķۣϰһۣŤƨɣǰ·
ҶаϲϰߵķҶѾȷǸ˾ĵ֮ڡ
ү룬ıȫºıֵƣȴֵùֻҪϣֻкһϰͻȻѹСһǧǡ
ĿһưһۣһԵļһֻϰ˾Բǣ˵һˣ
Ҷ΢΢һҪȥϰȴ΢ҡҡͷȻЩǿڶϲ˵ģͬʱ䣬˸򸣺뿪ˡ
һˣҶ㰵Ծ׽仰˼¶ľâΪöƬϢͻȻʧˣ
ɨڵļˣ˿̲Ҷ㹲ˣһŮӵĴ£ѡŸֱÿ˿ģ壬ȻΪǼߵĴڡ
Ҷӣһö쵤ǵмƷ֮ˣ˲䱩һΪֵǧŮܵ
쵤Ѿʧô䴫ö쵤ƺϢҶ΢΢һĿöɫҩϣѾû˵㣬ҩֻʣһˣ
ЦҶӹȻѧţ쵤ǰʧˣһ¯һ˰öߵ죬±ٺãҲʧȥ˹ЧһöȴǾôǬתʱ䣬һöֻϧҩֻʣһɣҲһһöɶõҩ
ǧҪˡҶҲֱ׳ǧö쵤
ڼһȦѡǿҩ˵ҩŰݣʱߵһ֮ǰ
ڽڷһöҩöҩ˸µĹâÿһĨҫݻһ֣Ҷ𾪲ѡ
һöڲ棬ܹ忪ϣƳԴ򿪵ıݣҡֱϣõģֱܹӳϲ죡Ц˵ΪҶڴ˼Ѿʮҩĵ
ڷһˣ˶Ϊ۸̫ߣҹ̫ߣ˴
ڿҶʮָȤģȻ꾡ĽܣϣҶҶߡ
ˣ
ˣ
ͬһʽĻȻһֻ̱˫ǱĴ
֮˲ǱˣҶǸۣһöԵļһ
⡭˵ĽԱȫסˣ֪ðöҩĸˣϾ⣬ܵÿһλˡ
飬ԲһԱܹġ
ҳʮڣӿҶһۣ¶м֮⣬ߵ
ڱӰڵļ۸̧ߵʮڣҪ֪ʮԲǸСĿҶʮҩ
ǣܳƱݣϲҩܷ
ʮڣҶк˸ɭȻĶӣǵЦ˻
ɫ䣬ܵռϢȻ½㣬ЦݣеϾҪ׹һ㣡
ߣʮڣУӽŲһ𣬽Ҷӳϵȫ飬˵һ仰
ҶȴûЩ˷ܣΪѾ֤ʵöƬ˵УŰԵļһϣ
Ҵư̬пԿԲһˣпĴڣ
Ϊۿ˭¶мĹâһĨ˵Ŀ⣬ΨˣֳܱΪЩ˴ΪԼһȣ



İٶʮһ ɱ
ʮڣ
ҶĿһ䣬ϴӿս٣Ҳһİ˸Ĺԣ͵ؽҶƳ׻ɢȥ
ʮڣ
ⱳŰԵɫ֣أҶ룬ȷˣҺЩԨԴ
κһƮƽ幬ӣ
Ҷ֮ǰɱʦͬţ˼ǿߣκһȴһλǿߡ
Сӣʶľ͹ԹԷܵģһɣһ͵رøҪ˵ԴһʹҪ˵Ļʱҭס޷˵ȥ
λүǸʲôΪ˺ʵֵ̫ˣϰŤƨ˹һЦ
ͬʱҶһۣ֮ǰǧҪˣôͲǿǶʮڶķϣҲ˵Щʲô
ľó֮񣬶λͰִ˵޸ΣϰЦ
һ֮ҲڱӵϰҷȰʶ̧٣ʶĻͰ߳ȥ㽫֮ûܻס㣡
κһ˵֮вв֮⡣
ϰһϣһĨ֮ɫǿƴʲô취㱨浽ܲȥҲĴڣ
ҶӡϰĿҶ㣬ɫҲÿͬʱҶ㣬ҲεĸоϾ˼ҵĶȴҪϳȥҲܡ
ҶĿ΢΢һκһһ˿мŭתһ룬ȻЦЦ֪ôܺһʶ
֮ˬһЦת߳ĵֻʣܻκһҶıӰڣЩҶ㶼ˡ
ث֣ûôˣ˼˵ȷǷκһЦץŵõмɨĵ


ҪȥأһƬ̵ĵطҶƾճ֣¶㺮⡣
ɽ·УǿжκһΪƮƽˣڴˣȻһȣҪ֪һֻڷ䣬Ҳᱻ˹
Ȼκһڵ幬Ʈƽ粻ǧеһԱ㲻ʲôɣκһҲеĶӣϽҪβˣǽ˼䣬˾Ĵڣη塣
㣿Ǹث֣κһ¶㾪棬Ҷ㣬֪ԷҲǲΪǺͬ
һСϽʵ½Ա⣬ߣΪѾ˶۷壬ֻҪͻ죬ϣҶȻʮֲм
ث֣ҶЦˣЦʮֱ䣬ʹƬص¶ȥߵ⻹ǵһ˸ô˵
¾ˣԼʲô֪ԴǿЦҶ̧ͷֱκһ
κһͻȻоԼѹ֣Ҷӣֻо䣬ֽŶ֪÷
⣬ô£κһŲһˣ¶־֮顣
ͻȻˣİԣݻϢǻ֮֮ȻѰҲĻ֮һ
СҶһ֮ҫȵĹâߡ
䣡
Ȼ̧֣׶һɫĺľ֮ϣȻ֮䣬ֻµצ͵˹
ǿ֮ҵĻ֮Ϣ꣬׳ΪҵĿܰɣκһ¶ı飬Ȼɨ
꣡
Ӳ֮һ𣬰ҫһɫĹâԽŽ񳯣һĨֱ֮ײצ֮ϡ
һâҫצ͵漴һ㷢һ죬Ѫ죬ѪأǴɫĲľϣ֮Ѫ

һŭצڣҪݳԵķΧ
Ϊǻ֮ʵ̫ˣ۴ںεأعԭʼӲͱײɷˣ
˵ǸУνľУﶼ߹ɱ㣬ǵָĹҲ㣬ңȴ֪ôңҲãڴˣ䣡
κһЦְֳԣϹ٣֮ͷϣֻ֮͡һɵ
գۼ䣬ҶԺѾʧȥ˿ƣֻһɫڰ֮ڷڣ
磬ҲƿŻ磬һ˿֮˼Ҳ֪ҵĻ޴͸һڴָθлأҶ쳤ЦһţԾԾԵ˷֮ɫ
ԲѣκһоҶǷˣ·⣬֮£ˡ

һ̣ڿת֮࣬͵سײ£ĿҶ㣬ݺݵ˹
磬Ҳ磬ҵĻֲĻ֮ǿ󣡡ҶĿһڹԡ
ӿһĹâɫţ֮£ţֻȭͷֱӴǰԣ
顭
ֲ֮棬Խ磬ͻļ飬һԹŶͬмԩҵĶ
ȭͷݺݵǰ֮ϣԽԽǿֱ屶սſֲĻݺݵȥ
꣡
Էһ˻һѺ۳֮ϣԵĹâֱͣһ˿Ҫײعκһϣ
ľܣ֮ڰܾ֮УǹҰɣֻңܲûؼ䣬ĺպ
ҶȵƬ¡¡Ҫһ㣡
㣡
Ȼһ˿֮һץ漴ԼĻһգۼ䣬âڣҫ죡
꣡
Թâһ漴ը鿪ǧм׹ڵأǱĺһ˳ĽҶ֮ڣ
κһŲŵźˣ۵һһѪڵء
ô˵㲻ǺԴ󣬴ţ˼ҡײƭΪû˸ɱ㣿ҶĿȥ˫ܹɱ˵ӣľǶ԰ܾ֮
Ǹ߰壬ܱ裡κһ߰ǣͻȻһݺݵĳҶ˹
µռ÷飡
֪ҶһҲܣֹӭݺݵײȥ
κһһĨЦݣЦûɱңνʤУ𣡡
ϣ
һȻ𾪵鷢ˣҶȻվûһ˺ۣȻǱ֮ĳȴһ죬͵ضۿ
⣬ôܡκһǿ־壬֮ɫȻֲķ֮õɳȥݺݵײʯϣ;ĿԣȳѪʺ쳣



İٶʮ ֮ǵ֮ţ
ûʲôܵ飬ͻ˾磬ɾ˲죬ǣ㻹㣬ڻǰԶǸ͸ˣ
ҶһЦڴκһɲǣȻһľ磬˵ǰֻһľ磬죬ʹľ硣
ڣͻȻ֮ʼԴ֮
Ͻʹɱң޾Ļ˵ʧϽӣ幬֮ϵǧţΪУɱҪĹ
κһȻһĿҶ㣬ƺ׷ɱ³
ײĲᣡΪҲ˽Ʈƽ磿Ϊ幬ƽж󣿺ߺߣò㣬幬ƽ粻Ǹţ㣬κһǸӣΪ½˶ǰ׳գ
ҶߵΪǵİ׳գ֪һ˵˳
幬½ȷЩΪϽ֮ҡײƭõ˲֧֣һͽļ룬ʹ幬Ϊһǿ
۴½ǸССɣԾ㲻ʲô
Ʈƽ幬ͬУǸţ½ŻŻ˻ɣıʵ±Ȳãɽв磡
ԣҶ˵Ϊһжһ
㣬ô֪ģκһ˲壬¶ױȵ𾪣ϽѾǬ½ʧȥϵҲʦųôͶǿߣô֪ô
벻Ҷ
ˣķϻʵ̫࣬Ҷ㿪ڵ
ܣκһɫ䵭ƺȫ֮⣬ɫ
ϣ
֮ͨȻʣĲϣоĺëȫըɫ䣬ɫֻߴҶֻ֮ͨҪնͷ­꣬ữΪС
٣Ͻ㣬ƾǸǶ֣Ҷһκһһ˿ϣȫ
罵Ǭ½ǴǬ½磬Ҫȹգֻڷ֮һĴʣͿ֪ˡ
ߣҲμӴ˹ѧԺѧһöģƬʲô;罻ң
κһڴڵĴŴеһ˿ױٿҶ֮ʱǶħǶħ
־ᶨˣҲܲ˿ըһֱΪĶɲǼұȫеҲζţеһУȫΪС
漴Ҷһת
ͻת䣬κһЩʧ񣬾ûһ㷴ľȻĽģƬҶ㣬ͬʱִ͵Ŀġ
幬ĵͼңҾͷһŶˣ幬˵ĻᣡҶ¶˿ݣЦݽƻꡣ
κһȨ֮ҧһӽҶ㣬ȻȣǬ½幬ĺûϵϾ幬ҲûйС
ҶĿһʱ幬μģָһֽҳʱƬͬʱһ⣡
㡭κһʧɫ¶ޱȻںޣļȻֹ
⵨ҲҡײƭҶЦûɱκһĨȥһμ䡣
Сʻ괬һ˿ļ䣬ôļƻͱˣҶ㲻顣
ҲûɱκһǽߣΪκһϣеһĲֿµĲŴʹκһ½絽ҪЩʲô
½սıǲǺйء


ɽУҶ㣬˿̣ٷâ¶Ц죬ɫҲĺɱ飬ѶָϾɱ
ڵһͨͨˣûһΪ
˿̵˭վڵǰܿǸûһΪͨˣٿ͵۾һϷ𣬲õ
ڵϣ˴ûй顣
죬κһҲϣСϪԱߣһ̣ͻȻҲĪĸԼԼ߳ơ
ҪǣѾԼ˭
˵ͻƶؿֱӳϲ죬ǽȴҶ벻ģΪ֮Լ˭
Լ˭
ϹŮһᾪȣΪǰҶ㳤һģһļһûһҶӦеʣƺĲҶ㡣
ЦݣżŵĿ⣬һ޶
һ˵ƭˣƭˣĿƭˣ۾ԶҲƭˣ
ԭ򣬲ſ϶ǸҶ㣬ֻϧȴˣеһжˣ
Ȼⲻʧ䣬һ
Դһ֮뿪СϪߣ̵ɽȻʼɼҰ伢ΪͬʱһСϪϴ˸衣
ŷˣ򵥶ֵֿ
ףö㰡ڿԳˣʧĵ죬磬ˮϴƿգ
㲻ͣԾͬԾţһг˵Ļ档
ҶˬʵЦݣɭֱ죬Щƺܵ˾ţһӸȥգ۱ûӰ
Һʵ̫࣬һ֣д󲿷ȸԾ֮С
Ӷ̯϶˼ԾҶ׽ģҶҲŪʪ·Žɳ̲ϣԼ֯װ㣬Сȥˡ
ҲֻһͨˣƽֳȤЩҶ㣬ģ۽ǰûⷽļ䡣
ļһ쵽һеΪ˷֮Ҫ֮ܵ󣬸Ҫһˡ
ѵֵ𡭡ֹһεԼǶǼᶨĵͷΪ룬ǱԼļˣ̤۷塣
룬Ҳһźǽ롣
ԣΪƴܶǣеĿ
Ƿ񶨵ģȷ֣ܶʱɱˣΪ˴ﵽԼĿ꣬òɱˣնɱǿߡ
Ȼɱ˵Ŀ޷ģնɱǿߣҪŬѪҪðķա
ҶҡҡͷС棬ճɻҵʹһСȡ
еһжҵ״̬ڵȫĿ㣬ĸоУָоǰδУҲ֪ĸо
ˬ˱һҬ֭оζüˣҬ֭ɿڣˬֳ֮һ۾
ʵ̫úˣͬʵ۰ζĿ;ҪЩʲô
ԣԺ֮󣬸ɴڵϣҧһݹͷ죬Ϧ£չ֦ͷֿǶҹ
֮ǲĳʼأ񷣬ƺȺǻش
ͻȻ¶ǹ⣬ϱǵĹâ߿ǶҫϣһԵôȻִһ˿Դ˼
Ī翵ıԴͻȻ֮䣬ӲݵǱԴƶ¶տտ⡣
Ǹ侲ŵҶˣǸɱϣЦɽֵҶˣǸĺֶεҶˣ
ǱԴֵɲǣʱ¶лع飬ǳճɵɵйٴλع鱾ԴдĶࡣ
֮ʼǱԴ֮
Ȼһ仰Ȼ䣬ҫĹԣͷţһпʮȻ
켣ȴԵЩŤΪǹâ۾
꣡
ǾȻı˷򣬴ΣһֱߣγһԲȦȻһ̣һͨĴŴˣ
žڱ֮
šͨ򡭡ҶĿסˣΪһӰһţû֣ҲûκεΣһȴֳĴţ
֮ţ
Ҷʧɫδ뵽Ȼ¶֮У굽֮ڣ
Ǯ˵ģ޸һ֮ţһ𣬾֮ϵһ˭Ҳ޷ãȴڵһ֮ţ
䣡
֮ҡζ˵һͬشݺݵײһ㣬֮žȻͬͨһ㣬ײϣײ磬Ϊһ֣
գۼ䣬ͷϵ磬Ǭ½ϣһĴޣ䵽ʵ
֮֮£Ȼһյƣ
Ҷ֪֮¸Բһյƣҫޣǹϴ˵޷ţյĳ֣ˡ
յȼŵĵƣǬ½ϣ֤Ҷ֮ţ
̫ˣ޾յƣ治֪ô磬ħ磬绹յƣ޷󣡡Ҷзų󾫹⡣
ˣˣˣ
磬һľ糹ȥȻһµ£֮ʼԴ֮ǻı־
ҶδǴ˳¶˷֮ɫϾһ֮ţսٴһߵսɱκζʵʣ
˵ûеЧòΪûͻƣⵤҩĹܲɡ
ҲûȥˣٲȥϹǻᵣˣҶظЦ޷˷֮ɫ
ͻȻκһʱ¶һĨЦصһߣЦ幬һĸһ⡭


ǮңҳǮҼ֮⣬û֪
ߣүεôͣһŭߵ
ɫŭȻμǮƣʵϣ䲢ֻаңǲͶȣϵ̫졣
ôͣĶǮư²ӽͣӻأǸӣ²࣬Ȼܸ߸ˣԴǲǱżˣǱ¿ˣ
ֵǮһ׵һλãУûһ𾴵˼ȻǮңĵλҲǼߵġ
Уŵ˽ˣ˼ǮƺǮ֮⣬쳣ϵߣ˻µƾˣֻǵȲӣͿԶ϶ϹŶǴܣ
պյĴܣڴ½ϿģΪܣȻˣ󼰣ܹ֮ǿߣΪѾǵǷ켫Ҫٽһϣã
˭û뵽ǮҾȻλܣ֮ǵһ˹ѧԺ벻ɡ
ȻѾˣܽʲôأ׵ȿڣ۾΢΢ƺ鱨˵Ҷ㣬ʼȤ
ϾΪǸȤˣʵ̫ˣңҶһ
ᰡɱĺܺãҲǡô֪ػߣҲûʲôһ֪˸εĶǾʹ²ˣԣΪ֮ƣ죡ֻˣŲвǮң
׵ڶλߣͻȻڣɭ֮ͬǿ޹֮ˣ£ֲǮƣֱ
λϵǮɫһʱʮѿϾǸɱģӣҲǮưΨһһӣˣҲ֤ˣ
ϡϵĻдһɻ͵վ



İٶʮ ǲɱ
죡
ȻһȣλϵĴϣȻվбһĨµľ⣬ΡƺȻʱüһ졣
ǮһֻоһΡӿ˹֮һͨһڵϣǼӦ飬ڵϣΪǱ
Ǯ¶һĨЦݣǳһĨЦݣȻЦǮƿǳĳЦ
ǳЦ
һŭбŷȻվֱڳǿߣϣǮҼŵٴҲܲĵλǲԽλˣ
䣬ȻѶӳֵڳ˵ϡ
ϾֻһڻˣǱɱǮһɱҴй¶ڻܣĵĻ
ⲻò뵽ĵطǮǼĶӣպ̳мλϧǣᱲĵһˣǮᣬͲòɡ
ǮǮɱģҪɱΨһӣӶΪλĵһ˳λ̳ˣ꣬ռλ
ܴϣϵûЩǣǮ뵽ˣٿλϵı飬ȷ롣
ԲһĻҪΪȥĶӱǮĹϾͶھ֣ûš
ߣԼʲôƢԣ᲻֪ԲŷһĻ
ƨǮƣһΪ˼御ľûһ˽ģ㾹ȻûңˣƢĶһɫ࣬ڴڲŴŴ
ϵȷһȫ׸˼壬һδȢҲûãⱲֻԼ御ľδһ˽ģһȻָıӳ
ܲ˵Ǳף
мΪǮƣȻ˵ŭ
ǾܣҪᵹֻּ飬˵
٣λѾͷˣϵȷûȨ漰ľǣڼ崦ڷֱΣѹͷϾƱȨûļλͣ
ϵ˵һɿֲһӽ٣ܵȻӳֵǮƵϣѹǮƵ
ǮֻоëͷƤ飬ȻʶֻҪϵһͷȡʱһ
վһԵǮ󾫹⣬ֻ֪Ҫٽһ峤ıλˣǸʱͳһ׸ƿȨ
˭Ȩջǰ޷ܾ
УҪΪҶӱҾԲװȥǮеҾԲҵĶӰװȥ
ͨ
̫үүҴˣ֪ˣԭ׷ͺڷɱεĹһжǲТӵĹڵĻܣ̫үүͬ⣬Ǯ壬ʬҰԶڣ̫үүԭǱģ˵󲻾Ļ֮֮
Ǯͨһڵϣʹᣬһϵģ޵˺ѷΡ
˭벻һˣȻڵϣ޵˺ѷΣ飬ЦԷǡ
ǣ̫үүϤĽ̵ڣأǣ˼λǣҲܱ̫үү
ϵɫԻ͵һɣǱߵǮͬɸһ㣬Ҳҳһڡ
һתһˮڶϵǰϵ
̫үүԭǮ˭˲֪ĹǮһָžΣûĳ֣ǮΣ֮Уλ˲Ƹ֪ͷԣ˵˴󲻾Ļ
ǮСĵĿ˶ϵɫɫŭɢ̫үүѵˣһΪԽеãʱүү
ٴö˶ϵķһĨľأʱˣ뵽˵ķṦΰʱŭɢ
ҪƨҲҪ׼󣬿׼صĶΨܰѶĵģȻǮƳɹˣĵƨ飬ȴʮֺá
һӾͿԼԼĹףֻҪĹףκƨá
οǮƵ似Դڵģûк˵ܳʱ䶼ǮƵԼӿ
ãã֪ܸĪɣãϿϽӹ˲豭ʱЦٿǮƣô⡣
վһԵǮʱɫ䣬ĿǮɱ˭֪ԲǼ򵥵Ľɫ
³䣬һĺܲҡ
ǿλϵӣԼ˵Щʲôǿ¶ţΪϵӵܣλѪԵԶͼǮʵ̫࣬ʱֻҪڣ֮
ﷺ࣬ɫҲúѿ
ˣ˵ĲǮй¶ܣʹ壬ߣǸ֪ܵҶ㣬һҪȫ׷ɱмɱ֣ȫһҪɱ
һԵǮһվ˵ɱȫģƬҪô죿
μ˴˹ѧԺĽĿȡܹھֻǸʱܹŴ˹ѧԺΪԼչһ·
һֱѾĹ켣Уɹժõһǵڶ֣Ҫһ֣ҲǮɱַӴõһ֣˵ȫ׷ɱҶ㣬ôôܶڣ
ߣģƬõΣǮٴܹʹ˹ѧԺ⣿ͷΪͽ£ʲô;
ͻȻɭȻߣΪҲ֪ĿģҪժܹھӰڵĵλ
Ǯһͨһ¹ڵϣҪ˵ȴϰڰ֣ҪڣԼ취ɣǮҵɱ֣ȫ׷ɱҶ㣡
˻һǮ˽̣ȻϵĻ˸ΥɲΪԺǮᲢֻۣƺһԼȥ취


ɹˣϹһϲĿҶ㣬ΪҶĹȻ³
ȻҶЦһ˵óһУݸϹһöްٻ㵤ܹͻƵǰľ磡
Ϲ¶ϲ֮ɫްٻ㵤Ȼţû뵽Ҷһöĵҩ
⡭ͣڰգԾнϾްٻ㵤һֵƵĵҩ
͸ŰɣҶȻ뷨֪ŮľžƻķԾһ˵Ӱӡ
ˣԵӹ
ðɣȲ˵ⵤҩҪԣ⻹ҶһƬģҶЦſϹǳƺǱ鶼ģ
Ϲһ㶣¶˼飬󣬾ڣҶ˵һһжģ



İٶʮ ɱ
ϹסˣţҶ㾹ȻˣûжĻķȴޱȵ㡣
ܸܵģҲܸܵҶĿ⣬Ҳڵһμ棬ǶײĶԻУȻ˵ǽԩңͬҲһԶĥˡ
ĺøнҲ⿪ĽᣬȻǸڴˣȴڴ½Ϊ˾Ǭɵڶߡ
ͻȻãԼ䲻ˣȻ֣ҶǸϲЦˣȴᶨĿɽˡ
ҶҵӣǲãɽͨӣڵļģɳϣǶõĻشԣ򵥵Ķ԰Уôܲأ
ллһЦ˹ڴ㶵ɲǣ˲׺ܶ顣
ǾͲҪζˣǶȵЩżˣźܲʺϵĳ֣Ϲ˼
ߵĿҶһۣһЦܿˡ
Ҷ㿴ıӰ겻ѣĶ֣Ҫɱռıˣ֮һδεײһġ
һУһֻأˣЩֻǵֻǧ겻ŵĽ
ҡҡͷȻ֪ģֺαȥճɾҲĽ֡
鵽˹˵Ǻɽ˵ĻΪЩ˵ģģΪǶˣΪԷһС
ҶܣϹҲܣ
Ϲǰ֣ʮȻ泩˵ͬʱϹ˵Ļ
ŪƤϹɫߺ죬ʱĺĿҶһۣЦ⡣


ɱ
ҹڷߣɱ˵Ĵʱ
ǮҴϷҹͼϰٵɱ֣ϸҶڣΧ˿ջСǿɱִ͵֮ڣҶķţ˲ӿС
ۣ
ҫݺݵ£ľһӱɷ飬мɣȻȴûһѪųƺû˵壡
𣿡һͻȻǵıſڴ
ֵʮͻأûעõǷֵʱ򣬺ȻһԲ԰׵Ӱվſڣ
ˣ
㣬Ҷ㣡ͷ֮ʧɫҶĻȻǸվſڣɫԴˣǱˣҶ㣡
٣ܴϳңЩôĶ֪ŵɱ֡
ͨ
ֱͦͦĵȥ˸ȵǣЩɱԼͬôĶ֪
ȷ֪ôģ
⣬⡭ôܣɱֵϻ۵ģ֪ܲˣͬҲ˲һ׶ûС
ûʲôܵģֻǶ̫˶ѣҶЦſǣ˹
ʵϣȺɱֳڿ͵ΧʱѾֻ֪ûţǾ䡣
վɱ֣ȻһȣȻгһϸĽûзâȴޱȣо綾
ҶĿһͣûһ춯ŲҲûƶֻǿǸɱһۡ
ͨ
ɱһ׹ڵϣͨһ죬͵궼ͣҡΣ
ˣˣ
ʲôǹ죬ǿߣȫ𾪵ĿҶ㣬ţһˣˣûһס
̫ˣһۣͰ˿ˣһɱֻɪɪշ飬Ⱳӣ顣
µǣǸ˵궼նˣһΪҶ㲻ˣǸɻ֣
֪𣿡Ҷ㿴Ǹɫ׵죬ǰͥɢʵϣÿһֱⷽ죬ǿϢ
һ̣ȫأŲܣʲô̥
ܣֻвΪĻ˿ֲɱͷǿԼǿҶıƽԽԽûеףΪҶ˲ɱ
ɱŭһʮ˲ɸӣһӳ˹ȥ
ڵӣȫľмʮһӸʰΣ
ԣ
һѪ͵мһˣ͵ͣ漴ͬһ㣬֮һӵڵϡ
ӱѪһ仰û˵
⣡
⣡
ҶϴŵЦһųʮˣâֱӳɶȥ
꣡꣡
ӰûӴҶ㣬ͨ£´ۣѪԵڵϣնĿܣʹ˶

ǸӾǸӣ۶Ƕǰ͵˲ɱ
һһֹͣ˶ʣʮȫڵϡ
һɨǵϣȫ䣬ʣһˣ
ǣһֽѣҪģǽѣҶɭȻħ񷣬䣬֮

գۼʮˣȴֻһǿ߷һҽУûȫˣ
һۣҶ㿴˭۾ȥȼյһȻһȴڤ֮أ
һȥǶˣ
һۣǼ򵥵һۣΪ֮䣬߶֮ţնϣǰնƬ
ԣʮǿߣ˲䱻ɱ
Ҫ翹𣿡Ҷһһ£˫ĿնȻ꣬Ƭ
˵ɣǮΪʲôҪɱңҶͣס˽Ųɱֵ죬ߵ
ʮԱ֮ɱĵˣ˶ˣΪҶ㣬ʵ̫죬ֲ̫ˡ
۾ɱˣм
ţһɿֲ⣬ͬһעϯɱֵϡ
µĺëըΪУ˾ģǵеĿֲڣµĶԱܿ࣡
ۣ
һǻѪ͵رŷһֱ۸߸Ⱦ˿͵ĵذ壬Ȼʱû˸ҳֹ

ھʹ֮£ĺ﷢֮һͷᵹˣ
⣬Ǵϵվϯɱߵˣʣ½һʱҶĿϡ
˻һϽڵϣʵ顣
ϣǮҵмϣҶ߶ǣ´ڵĿԣȴһ
ǮĲŹˣҲûʲôҵǲֻػ߼壬
о˸£߹ǮеһУѾ˵Ȼ֪޲ԣ޲
ҶǶǮһµ˽⣬漴һݺݵļ
㣬ӦɱҵġߵѪ֮УǾ壬ŨŨĲ֮ɫ
ҴӦƺûаɡҶ㿴ļһֻΪĬòûдӦɱһжġ



İٶʮ 
ôˣ׷ʲô˵ûУϹҴҵ˽صʬ壬ʧʵ
ͬʱСҶһûˡ
ûˣҶɿһʱۼ˲ˣǿϹһĻ
Ǯɱ֣Ҷ㣬ôǮң˹ȵĿҶ㣬⺢û˵˼
ӦñҸҶ㵭Ŀһۡ
ߣֻǮУûиɱ˵ˣһöƬǲ˶ɱ֣ɣԣҿ黹ǳϣ
Ų޵ķҶɫһսΪҶɫ࣬ںҹ֮УԵúǿֲ
ˣ˵ˣȻһҿջɣܷܷʱԲ
Ҷ˵ͷѹϹ˵֪һöƬڣ鷳ݼͬУȥȡƬһһҪȥ
ģϹɫһϲվҶҪҶģѾоԼĴڣҶǰҲԵЩԱͬǸ緢ɳʥŮˣ
ǣҶθɾ͸һûᣬһţ˵һĺ¡
ôѣǶĿ϶ҶĿ϶Ҫġ
Ȼģֻ֪ţϷ̺ܷܷǧҪ͸©һ䣬һ磬ʹݼǶʱΪǱ֯ڵģҶо˸
˼ѾģƬ棬Ƿ幬
Ǹĵط⼸վ˼ôо̫Ծ½սʱԽԽˣʱŲٴƽ
οͭ¯ɾҪ´ս
һ׼ȻμӴֻһС֣֮أ¾幬һˡ
õģ㣬Һݼ̣㲻ҪΪҷģңöģƬһõϹȼŵĻ棬ɻ涼겻ֱգȼա
ҶоõǸϹˣ
㣡Ҷصͷͬʱóƿҩݸһƿ˵ҩһƿǱĵҩǧҪĵҩֵҩ֮֮ߣ֮أ
֣صͬʱóǧݸϹģƬδ֮أһԼͻڵľ磬㣬һԼսԲһ̶Ψڣ࣡
ϹоտտصͷһȻ㿴һȫµϹ
ֺҶ𣬲ˮƺǸɱϣƵϹĻˣ
Ҷ㿴ԶȥıӰ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҷ㣬ҵҹҶŮǣһƬԭҰ֮ϣ˹ڿ羰Ҷ㡣
ڣֻϣڴѶʱ򣬸Ҫͷڹ꣬ҵҶ㿴˿ӣ¶ݡ
ϰϰз㶣Ҷǵʱ
ѵ𣿱磬Ӧҵ飬ܰ쵽𡭡ܣһ᲻ء
͵͵ģһɢ
ڶһ磬ϹˣֻһƵ磬֤ס糿𴲣Ѿȥʿˡ
ףҶ㣬ϹݼˣϷ̴Ҷɫõ˵
ǶҲ֤û˵ѣ˵˴õǰ;Աǰ̶ȥˡ
ûȨǿҵ֣֪ǿŤĹϲ𣬼ȻˣҲ˵һ𵣾£Ҳ븶ö࣬õĻرȴ٣ˣҲţѡҲνҶ۾΢΢Ц
㣬㡭Ϸص³һݺݵĵҶһۣ޷޵Ϊã㾹Ȼô˵ңߣʶģǲߵģ
ųһĨâֻҶ㿪ڵ
㲻Ҳ㣬ֻҪҩģ鷳һˣҶ㶪һŵӣ
ôǮϷҲĿһһľȻٿŵӣЩ棬ҶҩļֵԲһҪƿֲ
ͲҰǮߣˣϷ۽ǺЦ
Ǻǣ㲻ģҸһڣߵĻôǮȫˣҶ۾
ѽôƶŮ˿ƱģôջǰôܷŹϷԴЦ˼˵
ΪĿĻûдﵽҶ۾Ϸ̣ҪﵽĿģɲǼ򵥵Ǯ
˵Ϊ½һŮ͵ܲô㾧
Ϸ̲ûнӿڣһЦǮ͵ӣȥҩȥˡ
ҶѾƶߵļŮˣļƣһΪǸ˵ܷܷŲɸ˵ܣҶɲΪôܹǣ˶ĴŮ
ʱ䣬ϹӦõĿĵأҲɱ幬ȴ壬ͻƣ
죬˵һҲûôЧ
˵òѣҶ̫⣬ĴڱĲãҪһ
ǳ
ʱϷ̱˻İٸ䣬ȫҶҪҩģҶĵͷ
£ȡٶʼҩ
ҩĵļֵߣǿǣЧͨҶ㷢̫
ףôֶҶüףڱݾйϸأǴļҩ
׵ټҶ㼸аգܹ̤벻졣
򣿺ٺ٣ϷЦĶ˭õóȥģܹ֮õΪֿտգһֻ֣ʲôòأ
ȥҩȥˣϷ̣Ϳ׵ϣĿģﵽһ룡
Ϸɫһ漴ϲɫ
幬ش֮ǵļ֮أһƬɫɳĮ֮С
⼫֮˵ΪɳĮڵĵһ̣幬ڣ
ֻϧĪģǿһҹ֮ȫ˰׹ǣ˵Ľ٣ǿ֣߳ڣ幬ϣΪ֮صһ
ǣȴͬһ̣ںвڴ˳ûȺΪߣÿһһǿߣѹ幬һǿߵͷ
Һãֻһ񣬿»ŵڴˣʮˡ
Ҳ幬ڼ֮ԭټĹϵ幬֮ǵڴ˹ѧԺǮңɳ
Ҷ㣬ǵʲôűɳҡΣһ죬һɳӣо֮
ѾɳĮ죬ΪɫɳĮϹѪǾ֣ܹܳдԽҪɳĮֻһ;ǾǲС
⼸죬Ҷ㵹һֹۣÿճߣϢʱ򣬱Һ壬̶죬ľϰʼҡΣҪ忪
ѰһģƬҶ㵭˵һԲ·֮ʱ˼ȻȡͻƵĻᡣ
ҹ壬֮ŮеЩ£ΪÿһϣҶ㶼ԼĥñˣѪĿġ
ȴһԣһոһգԼͬͭǽһ㣬ɹȫںϵһ壬Ϊһ϶ɻĻ
ˣʲôʱǸͷڶֱǷǳҪһ㵢飬ǲ룡һ˵
Ҷ֮⣬Ȥȥʧȥ˶־Բһ¡
ڼƻִУᷢʡ
Ȼ֪ǴиҪģƬҲǿ鶼ôҪ˹ؼһ飬˵תΣ֣Ϊʤ
Ҷо˸ǰãã޾ĻɳǳһĨصЦݡ
ǰˣôˣܷܷһܵɳĮƺ˵Ĵڣ
һһˣǴֵñӣǺУȴڳ⣬ûһ𾭣ȫɱ¾ķǹͷдŰӷĻʮֱŤ
ããɳĮô˾סοɳĮľͷ幬ĹɫɳĮȻϣô˾ס
һȵҲˣȷ˻ļΪǰһޣʮСҲ㹻ˡ
ڣѵЩ˾ڵˣҶʧɫǵķξֹϼصڴˣʮ
Ψһ벻ǣڴ˸һܴٿǵΪҲڲ֮²
ѵ񣿡ܷܷ𾪵ȷǵŴ磬ĺܵ˶١
ڣڵˣ۾ڣһصţǶ̶һҹ֮䣬ǿȫ˰׹ǡ
Ҳʧˣ֮ͻȻһǿߣԳΪڴˣѹ幬ǿߣһսԴ֮ÿ꣬ǿ֣߳ѹ幬ǿߡ
˭Ҷ˵ĳ֣Ѿ¸еֻˡ
ͻȻĸ֮ǿߣľǶ겻йĸо
ȺֻоŸˣ飬ͷϴֵñӣͷõԼεģмӲͷ磬Ǹɱϣûһ
˵֮ߣڶӵĻУȻܹȥɫɳĮͬﴦǹϢľ
·ˣʲôˣΪʲôǰ˹ͨ
ͨ
һ촽ѵһԵɳĮϣ˫ĿնĿŴĿ⣬κƶ
ͷ˵ͷָıǼ䣬̾ϢһĶˣ
أ䣬ٴνˡٴνˡ
䣬ˣڣҪ׾ˣ
߸㵸ƿЦﺰ䣬Ȼ֣Ҷȴһ
һҹ֮䣬ãѵʲô䣿
ԶĿˣǻǿ߰ɣǲˣ߰ɣߵԽԶԽãҲҪ򣬺Բܹõģ
ͷ˲ʮ꣬ϥڵϣʼ顣
ߣǵĿ幬޷ͷҶЦߵ˵ǰȡһЩˮֵɳĮУ˭Էˮ⿿Ϊǲеġ
幬˾ҶҡҡͷȥҪծģһǷҵĶٳٲ
ҽҬΪ˲մϵаͲǽˣΪʳ͵ˮҬ죬ɫݻ
ŵİʳùָ֮ˣһʱ䣬˻ȸԾҶ㵱𾴵Ĺ͡
ǾڵˣǴһѾˣʣµĲϱнɳĮռ尾ΪҲ챻ĥûˡҬҡҡͷһεӡ
£˵˵ڰɣʡڴ˿ڵ¼ʹ˶Ͼ񲻿ϧҶ㿴ҬһۣܸоҬеϤ
Ȼ䣬뵽ڣ뵽˿̩޵Ĺ£ĦУ
ǺǣȻҾ˵˵ҬΪ裬Ц˵ʵԿ̩ޣͬڴĦʦһ棬ȴԴһϵɡǣӿڵɲǣͷܵ˴ĦʦĽ



İٶʮ 
ҲǴ𾪵Ŀһ֮ɫ
ڴߣܵ䣬ҲһޣѨ׹̵أ
Ҭʹı۾˿־ļ䣬ȻΪѾ䣬ǣ޷ѡ
ǰѾ׵ȥһĿǰΪֹʣ¾ˣ֪һͻᱩж
ԶѣлǱֻһϣãҬȡһöɫ飬ݸҶ㡣
ҶĿһ٣зų󾫹⡣
ģƬ
⾹ȻһöģƬ
лҶһԴŵĽӹץ¶㾫⡣
һ£
Ҭ˸Ҫת뿪ҶͻȻתʵںڣйʲôǸĦкʲôϵ
ҶĻһĦУôϤĳƺ
ðɣʱ޶࣬ҲûʲôĦʹı۾ĦС׼ʱܵܣҰһʦҬĦֻ壬޲֮£
ɱǵʦڣͶ£ʹڴȥڵ˰Ҭйڵϣ૵
ԣҶ㲢ȣΪҬϵĲѾ²ߵĹϵֻû뵽Ħһι¡
º幬ʲôϵҶгһµͷɫ΢
ߣ²幬߹幬֧֣ڿ̩ҫֻȴڵţȻջˣ
Ҭһ޷֮ɫȻܵܣء
ԭˣлҶЦһ׳һŷ׭ö׭ܹһδ١
˵ţһŮӰԶٶ죬Ҭ겻ѡ
ʦ֣˵Ǽȥ幬鷳𣿡һϻ˫һĨ⡣
ŷ۾ʧģҬҶıӰϵĹڵأо֮࣬ϣǲܹȺ޶幬
ӵܣȫ򵹣м־أһ˿ҵȲ´δˣԶѣллĺ⣬ҬΪֻԼ־ƹؿ
˸ڵ¶ıˣһ˼־ֻ֮أ޷ѡ
Ҳ˵־ǽҪɥȪǵҶڵǱƲĹؿ
ӷ𣡡ڵأĿ⾼⣬ҶıӰ
һ̣ҶĽŲȻͣ٣д
ȻͷȻҬڣһǿϥأϱŷһƽɫɳĮ죬أҶ㡣
⣬ǡҶˣˣ䵽ڣûһ˿˿Ǳҩ
ˣˣˣ
ҶײױȵϢ󣬾ӰȻ仯Ϊɳѣɢڿռ䣬ĩҶ㿴Ҭǵһ˿Цݡ
䣡
ԪԪ壬ǰǣһ̣һһʮ
һ𣬳Ϊһ壬עһ
꣡
ıѳһ϶漴Ԫ룬֮ͬǽ壬Ƭգۼ䣬Ҷͬһˡ
죡
Ȼǲ죡
գ֮䣬ɹͻƣȻͻ֮ˣȻɳĮ֮Уһ˿ǻҶûʣ£
Ƕˡ紵ҶͷҬʧٵĵط۾ɬվܷܷԴ˵˵
ǽӴʱ䲻ȴҬЩøС
ǰΪģҶоտտȻҲ֪Ҭ⣬߬ȭͷᶨİɣһǵͷǵģ
Ҷ̤żᶨĽŲ뿪ˣҲûлͷһۣǿľģ߶ٸ幬ҪĦеͷ죡


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ؼֲĶöƬɰǧ֮ˣ̶ֲȿ֪˵֮˺Ѵ߶ʹ޴ޱȣʮ
ԹԣƬĵõսܷһ
ڸոͻƵҶ㣬оս̫ˣս˵̫ˣܹƬսܹٷһ
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ʮھһһ£ɫûһ˿ĹžȴֻʮһӣȻ䲢ƥ䡣
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ǰֻ۵Ŀһλ˭ҹȻԿ³ʮң
ҡͷ̾Ϣ׷׷˾Ȼʮֺ£
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ȻһӼۣʱһƬȻ
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ǰ裬˭˸ǣ幬Ķӣ˵ĸϽ磬һλֲڣǣǻʵһѵкùӳԣ
٣˭֣Ȼ⼸оȻðǵӲˣ
ʮڣ
ƺȻȫըɷ飬ˮȻվĶҶ㣬ƺҪһ㣡



İٶʮ Сţ
ʮڣɣҶ͵վΡͬһը͵ر𣬽߷Ϣȫը飡
ͬСɽľۻҡ
ϰҵ裬ŭӣʹҧƬ˳ȥϾǣ幬ӿɵøʵ⣬ϽĸףɵĴڡ
˭֪ҪִеʱҶҳ˶ľЩԥϾʮڵľɲһСĿ͸裬ܵõʮڣˣ
ʱͻȻһϢܲ׼ƫԴ˼ϰգŶ
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ľҲͬţ뺣Ҷƽ⣬һɫܲÿ
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űĵĿһۣҶΪ켲Ϊ˹ƧϲɱˣϲŰˣΪ幬Ϸ˵ĻٴİãŰŮˡ
𣿺ߣֻҪǳԽ˲֮Ĵڣɱͬɱһ㣡Ƭ־ڱصãҶ¶׹
ɭȻɱտտǰеһУȫһɶ
СЩҪڷ챦¥ڶ֣챦¥Ļ֮Ǵ˹ѧԺһ֣˹ѧԺķ׷ɱǵĿĲ
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̫СˣǲļһһȭҳƬǺǣڴ˹ѧԺǲֶԸ˵ģ
ҶһЦϷ̿ҶŵģҲû
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Ƭĩû˻£֮Ϣȫ׳ΪҶ֮
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ҶɫޱϲаԵͷ
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Ҷ㴫ĻҶ򵭵Ŀ¥һۣҡͷ˳ȥ
ͻȻй磬֨֨תڷԲ֮ڣγһʮֲֿ
Ȼ䣬ͬСɽһ㣬ҶסţһźɫУ̨һ㣬ݺݵĹƺҪҶ㼸ɵһ㡣
ȻϿգһӰӰʮһӣɫ𺣬Ҷ㣬һֻ۾һ㡣
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Ц÷ˣֻĸ׺ķʮʱ䣬ռϽƶɵģ԰ڴˣܣ
ԣϷ̼Ůɫ䣬׷ʩչУǶֻޣ;ĿЦ֮
裬ҿ͹죬ƾһϵһʥŮ裬ܹ޼ɣ裿ߣСӹҼһҲסң
Ҷ㿴Ĳã˿ΪȻĿٹǿһ㡣

ڵ֮ʱȴͷһˮɵòȻŭгһǶ̱ʯӣݺݵɿ
䣡
͵رǺڶһӳƺҪҶɵһ㣡
ڶ죡
޾ħҶ㣬ǿֲڶһž޿ڣһſֱײҶɱ˹
СҶȻһЦгտտ⣬ӿһԣ漴Ȼը죬һŴʱɿ
꣡꣡
ȥĺڶ͵ͣ漴ǧâһ㣬Ȼը鿪ǿֲ֮ĺڶ󣬻ЩХһȫ
ʲôǡ֮ţôУ
ˣ֮ţȻϵóΣҲ벻ҶϾȻȺö
߱ս飡
Ҷ㶸Ȼ̧ȭͷȭͷ綷ݺݵ䣬ֻһȣ޳Խ֮ĴڣȻʼҡ
սȻ죬߱ս̶ֲȾԲһ˿ģ
һȭȥʱҡΣԦˣ裬Ҳ¶֮ɫֻûɫת䣬һȭȻ䣡
䣡䣡䣡
ȭƿ磬ǿһȭһȭݺݵĺ䣬޾ݺݵ飡

һĲҽУһӰݺݵĴɳȥ
꣡
޻ΪɻңҶˣֱӽڽֵ֮ϣӰȻݺݵ׷ɳȥĲҺݺݵڳ֮ϣ
ǣǸǲ衭
ۣôܱڳϣһʱ䣬Ѿը˹



İٶʮ 澭
߱ս֮ţһ𣬽ޱ飬ɣݺݵײǵĳ֮ϣǧȺڵΧۡ
Ҫɱǣ
豬ױȵƣӳԾ£Ԫ澭࣬ҶͷϣҶеֲϢš
ʲôܵǵƺһҶҲԼ뷨һ
ǵˣһڵ㣬Ѹţĵ£ƷǣΪԵǿᣬعǧʩչ£ҪκηֻҪһָܰѵŷһ
ÿֲĹ⹦ʲôطҶ㾫⣬ָһأʵ̫ˡ
ҶСģʧѾõľ澭ںǧǧ֣ǧһڻֺӴĹÿһط֮ѹ£ǰ벽ܵСѾǵĽƣ澭߶£Աһָնɱ㣡
ϷƤһ֮ɫѵ
澭Ȼǿ󣬲ⲿϾҪˣаȻǾһ飬ҲеʮֳԾ
ȻʱҶȻˡ
֮ţͨ
Ҷ͵վֲľ⣬ȭӰɽһֲ׵ĴźȻ֣ӴϢȻ֣գˣ
飡
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꣡
߶Լ澭ĿֲսȫƿһȻɢЩȣͣҡ
֮ţ㾹Ȼ˹еױȣ֮ţǴ˵еĴڣ֮ŵˣ߸ϵ󣬶Ҫ֮֡
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澭ת£ͨأ˲γһУһǱ֣ͬǡ𡱶֣
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ǻ𣬴ǧȫҪ
һǿҵĹԵϹţһ֣ϰһ㣬ֲ֮
ڷԵ֮УҶȻо˸ǳһĨЦݣĿ쳹֮ţǣսսӵˣ۴⵽һŽ񣬹ҫţͼΥ֮ŵˣؽܵ
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ôĸ׸Ҳ벻˿̾ȻڽڰˣҪֱǲܵ飡
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޾У͸©һ˿˿ϢЩϢ޷Ҳ޷ܵΨҶ㣬壬˵֮ŵ
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ֲһţɢһ˿˿ϢҶһץ˹Լ磬֮ϣԼı
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һ𣬿Ѿ幬˵ע⣬οǱץ幬Ǳ߶ȻѾ֪
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꣡꣡
ֳǣȻóͱ֮ѹΪƬټһڱѪֻоǰڣԽ
ļ䣡
Ҷһ⣬ֱͷ­һ澭ļ͵س֣һҶУһ澭ģ¶ϲЦݡ
꣡꣡꣡
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УһɡΪҶ֮ū͡ͷͷһ𣬱ռȫ
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ã幬ǿߣҶʧɫ۵ףȴ¶һĨ»ͷ͵һУ֮͵УŲȴ

³侹ֲ˺ƬҺҶÿ죬³ͺһ޶
ߣҶŮͬʱһͷο쵽˼£ವһ±ʧռ֮ڣ֮󣬾ܹټ
ҹҹһֲ׵ȴԽɫɳĮ޺ɳĮ֮Уϡ
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ܣ幬ĹȻͻƵ˾ܵľ磡Ҷ¶֮ɫһռѷ֮УֻҪ֣ܹ
ŮûпǼĵŮˣҲ̫ģƾǵĴӱֶΣǲʲôġ

˸ͬʱ٣һͬȵ˸ǲǿߣͬʱȣֲ֮˿幬εΪ
Ƿһ赽ҶϣǷҲ飬Ǽ˵ʲôˣҲ飬һҪʬΣǼŮˣȫūΪҶūŭȵöڿռѷеҶ㣬Ĥֱ죬¶֮ɫ
ͻȻƺһ㣬͵һռѷ죬Ȼһʱֲ֮

ҳ
͵̧ͷֲĹâܵĻľս



İٶʮ ߱ɱӣ
Ҷһ͵أһ˿춯±η֡¶Ȼ֮ɫָֻܿ
뵽εľٶթķ
ԽǽţԽ˵޴룬ӦԽСģڵѪľ顣
ڣܵǱ߼صϢɢȻҲ֪Ҷڣٹһᣬֻҡͷ
ǼС椹Ȼھܵǲһ㣡ЩѰˣ˼أͻȻסһ˲˲ĶΡ
Ϊδ˿̸ϸļ壬Ҷͫ׽˿˿ˮ

ηſֱۣҶ㳤ĺһŷ
оȫɾҶڣߣ޹ȺڣǻȥѾĶͣȻںҵĶӣҶи̣ȫѳᣡ
˸źݹ⣬Ҫģڿˣ絶ʣԼϣҪʹ֡
뵽Щ֪ڣԼĶӣڹؼʱ̣ȻԹۣ޲ڴˣαױȵķŭҪоȫ
Ҷһ飬۵ȴ¶һĨϲϾ幬ź˿໥Ҷ幬ΪУôǣҲĵˡ
ҧϲķʽ
幬žɣڵӹˣ۷Ĵڣֻ֮Ĺκǰλĳϡ
˵ӣֻ𶷺ֲȻһȻһ°ܽΪǡ
Ҷҡͷľʱٽţ˼裬Ǿ澭УһϢҶ㼫Ϊá
ǰ幬һ䣬վζ˵ӣȫʧ٣Щ˰ǰ̫ϳϡ
⴫ǧľôܾһܣһ֮Ĵܣ
ϢҶͷȷ幬ֻλµǿߡ
Ȼڼǰ幬һλĿˣǴ罵ٵˣκһ棬û뵽ǰǱ飬¶֮ɫ
ǰһλˣλ˺͹ҹ̸մĳЭ飬˽̸
ʱҶĿһͣǿ˹źͷŲҴңûҶ¶һĨȡ
ĦУѵԺбͷ󣬱һʰβ룬ǸźͷˣĦУ
ȻˣҴв鰡ҶһĨЦݣ֮Ŀھ澭ϡ
տĹע⣡ȻγɣҶ泩ıֽǣ۾תԪִ֮гһɫĹ㡣
ɢһȻϢҶ㾪ȵķ֣Ĵ侹ȻѾԲˣ


ȿȡȡףұ𰡣ףءˣԼڽ֮ϣͷ­ԼûٿξڴͷһסΣ˸ӨӨˮ
һӴģһʹԴׯϵģһΪ㱨𣬽Ǹ쵰СնɱǼŮˣ״Ӧ㣬ȫ̳Ůū
лףʵܲǷСмҪĸף޷Ѿ˲ڽ£ˣҡҡȿȡ˵͵ؾҿһϽĺ󱳣ͣ԰ο
ģиһκ۸ģ¶ŨŨıˣоԼǷʵ̫ˡ
βݺᣬһѽӱס
֪ΪΣͻȻһɿֲ֮ľһµͷԺ
ΪҶ֮ūͣ
ΪҶ֮ūͣ

գۼ䣬仰˸䣬ݺݵĿԺʹԶҲ޷ģ
ɱ
ͻȻһͷԺһ¶һĨɼǵɱ⣡
ɱΣһԺҶ
Ҷ
Ӿ͸Ժ˵Ҫɱǰˣ
꣡
һޱȵĽݺݵĲεţ࣬һӱһ
뵽СʱϥֵɲǣһɭȻţѪӿһӽؽ
ߵʱˣֺֿ׼ֱӴ͸࣬źݺһȫʳƬ

һҽУΪǱƸܾܣھ֮ǰܵľҲûһᣡ
ĸһٻ˭ǴܣҲؽ䣡
ȻϷǣذ͸ӵģ
飡
λȻվ𣬺ݺһţѣ߳Ƭ֮߳ԶͣѪѪ졣
Ҫɱ㣡
ħһ㣬һٴɱΣ
ֲĽ⾹ܹ˺ѴܵȫƬɼ̶ȣ˿ٶɱθӷŭ
󣡸ŭһҲ벻ԼӾȻһɷ飡
꣡
һƬ豻һƣݺݵĴɳȥ۵һһѪٶףͣ³ѪۿͲˣ
ݵʧȻת쳤Х˭˭Ҷ¹֮˭ֳӵ
쳤Хŭ죬ףԼӱ˿񣬲ڹؼʱ̳ɱȻɱǣӲɱɱӣӣɱˣ
Цǣոմӵ˵нȻûһСʱֽɱˡ
˭ӳҪɱȫңȫҶúӳ־ͺӵܸ֮ܲͽܵظ
ણણ
ÿ˵һ仰Ƹһ飬ʺʺģͬһ˸еɭȻֲ
˻ߵŭţȻһŭ֮󣬱ҽһһԵȥڵʱȻһգ

˴ǿӿԵȥ¶𾪵Ĺâٿ߷ɵ裬ǸӲԡ
㣡㣡
Ƿһ㣬˸ܹʱͻأ˫ͬӥצ͵رһץסһ幬ϡ
꣡
һצ֮£ͷ­ɷ飬Լ֪Լôģ
ɱ˺ҵĶӣ㣡
ͬħһ㣬Ųɣֶκٶޱȣͬոһ㣬Ѫͣ£Ĳȷ˲ߡ
ҿߵĴǿֲ˸ǿߣȻأѵǻعⷵգڰ͵Ҷ㣬¶ֲĹâ



İʮ Ħ֮ϣ
գۼ䣬˸벽ܣں֪£ȫλ˺飬˿̵Σ˫Ѫ䣬˫Ŀն
ͻȻбŷֲԡ
죬Ҫ㣡
ŭХʵڿֲ˫Ⱥݺһ̤棬һӴܷɳȥױȵܣ˹
꣡
һͬڴϸ׵綸Ȼ䣬ֲöڰҶ㣬ը˺ë
ˣ
֮ζλͬ̿һ㣬ֱͦͦڵϣڵѾֲ壬ˡ
ʬ壬ңңԣʱ裬ʣһûȥʱҲѣ𷽲ŷһ顣
ȵķ֣Ȼ׾֮󣬸һŭ֮£Ȼ
ƽʱǰȻ֣ͬ̿Ķĸף
ޱ𾪵ĿĸףҪ˵Щʲôȴ죬ѵĿڣá㡭ߡҡ
û˵꣬һûһԴˣ
Ҷεҡҡͷ㻹˵Ļ
Ҫ˵Ļǣң˻ãû˵꣬һԴڤ
еһУҶڰвٿأͻȻ֣ɱĸףһϵе߱ĺϷԱԵġ
ֻα֣߳ɱӵһĻҶ㻹û뵽ɱ幬ǿߣоеһж̫ͻȻˡ
ֱһڱԴһ㣬һжԵôʵȴʵзˡ
幬߲ȫ㸲⾭Ӫǧ幬ȫ֮˵幬ı⣬Ѿˣ
Ҷ㲢żӿռѷ߳ǾĿһĻһϵв鲻еô򵥡
оһֻеĴִ֣£αɱ˸ǿߣǱĳ˲߻ģ
ΪͰ˴ȫ䣬幬һʱ䱩еӻ̻̲ΪϸߵǿߣιΡ
ʱڣֳɣһɺȻκһΪ죬һһɣһϵӵܡ
ϣ֣빥ռĿ꣬һչһ㣬ͱռ幬⣬ֻҪռ㣬Գɾʹ£
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Ħѵ
ҶһϸһȻȥһͨͨתȥģ
Ҷ۾Ԫ˫ۣȵǣȻʵĿ
뵽еǸҶĪ뵽ĦУٿӰʼƶԼĲ²ⲻ
ǸĻ־ˣҶһ¶һĨЦݣҡһ䣬±ɰ£ӢͨۿȥϲҶ㣬Ŵ󲽴ӿռѷ˳
գգգ
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˸ź챦ʯĴһӴ󿪣һŵȣȳ뱦֮ڣģκһһ죬֮󣬲Ҷ㡣
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꣡
һƷǳ򵥵ı㱻飬˴һץһռץУκһȻȡ
ͬʱһ𣬺ݺݵ˹ȥָֻһɽ徹ͬһ㣬ը飡
ӣ±ŭһȭգһʽǱֲˮһͷˮ¡֣ͬһĴˮһӳ䡣
ϲ񣡡
һЦûʲôһץסˮԸ֮Ȼˮˣ

ޱ飬ûһ鲨һ֣۵һһѪ鴤ۿͲˣƱһȻһ㣡
ҶһĨâ֮һ֣׳ʲô󣬾ѹˣ
κһ¶־֮ɫŲȥҶȵϣ
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һâһӴ͸һռ䣬κһԶҽ˷κһعǾȻȫѣ
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κһ¶ŵĹâӿҳ幬⣬¡һĵϣ鴤
һߣһǿ
Щ幬ӣһĻȫˣϽĳǿߣȻⶾ֣¶֮ɫҲ֪˭һȫһɢҲˡ
ǿͻȻڣҶ㣬ٴ֮ɫɱεĺϷĵݵİɣ
ս֮ʱҶ֮ռ˾е裬ӶɹƳɿܡ
ʱͻȻ֣ߣֻһߣȴҶвһ󵨵뷨
Ǿǽ֣ɱΣǸУҶ㣬̵
γնɱ°˴ս㵼ݵİɣҲܲҶ㲢δش𣬶ǿ˫޷ǵӡ
Уɱ¾ⲻһѧ֮ӦӣƺңԶɱֻд߳ˣֲֿ
Ҷ㣬֪㣡ͻȻЦָ붯幬ĵһ飬ǧȫΪԪӿ硣
һʱ䣬ƺȻǣҶâһ̣Ҳȷһ¡
ĦУҲ֪㣡ЦƺĦʮָһ㡣
뵽գͬʱֵĿֲģ˸еֻţ֮׻ѹû뵽̶ղΪȻǿ˹
ŶµˣĦȻʮ𾪣Ҳ벻ﻹ֪Ŀ
Ȼɢȥ¶ʵĿȻĦУ
ô䣬Զ䣬ǺҬѪϢҲϴҶҲ¶ĿɱһЦ
Цݱʮֱ䣬ӦҬģĦеͷȥݼ幬Ѿˡ
㾹Ȼˣ벻Ǹĸ磬ִԲ򰡣Ҭ΢΢ҡͷ¶һĨɭЦݣƺǸҬĸ磬ĳһ㡣
֪붯㣬ʲôۣ
Ĵۣ
𰸺ܼ࣬ȴĦлһãѵҵĳ𣿻Ǹɵϡ
ˣһ£ĦƴҲͻȻֹʵһ׻ʣã֣
ŶҲ֪ˣ׻ʧˣΪһֲеһĴڣҳԾĦƸѹռž졣



İʮһ Ħ֮£
վϼҶĦУо˸ŸеɻҶ㣬ĦеĿУõõϢ
ʵ㣬׻ҲҶû뵽ɱˣԭ򡭡ӮˣһģĦſֲ⡣
Ȼˣһֱʵô˵ɱţҲˣ٣ĻֲֻｫΪ㳤֮أģﲻµµ׻ʣӣ˵ǷǳҰ
ҶЦƺȻĦһ
꣡
ռ䶸Ȼը飬ڶռڵıһɢҶŲɣתֱ£һеıȫС
飬ȫΪֲԪһ̣ľԪǣ˿ֻŵٶȱǣ
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Ħ˫н˸糱õʫƪ޸ȫĿУֱ촫գۼ䣬ᴩռ䣬ƿռӳҶϣ
һأΪһֲľ֣ͬһḥ̂ݺݵ
ҶĺëΪʲôһˣּӳֲ̫򣬺ɲǣ㴩͸˶Ĥֱѹ꣬Ϊģܽ˺飡
죿㾹Ȼ˿ֲʵҶֲĹâĦнǲΪսֱ֮Ҷɵ
𣡡
ȣ֮гտտâݻһֺĹȣ֮ڣһӳɶȥĦеһ֣ݺݵײһ
꣡꣡
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⡭ֲսҶ㣬û뵽Ҳǿ˹֪ɳô죬վͲ㣬ǽҲУ
Ħ¶ľâɫĹתɺɫɱɱϢ
Ҷ𾪣ȷĦУɱǴɱ߳ģ
ͱȣɱϢеֲģֲɱͬˮһϮƻǣаȣնɱֲ֮꣬˲
ţԸµҲԸ̤ɱһȻĦоȻɱǿߣ̶ֲȣ֪
飡飡飡
Ҷнţһ֮£һţ֮ţһ̣ҶеĹâԽԽʢ
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꣡
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˾ȵǣҶ߷˱սΪȻ˲죬ĦеսҪԸһ㣡
𣡡
Ҷһȭͷݺݴ򱦲ؿռ䣬Ҫıأû취ԸĦУ
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ԼҲһٿĦУͻȻоޣɲ⣬ֹܸҺ伤սͷ
һ̣ϥһȻҪȥ

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Ҷһ幬бأžŰʮһĿռ䣬ȫ飬ǧ䱦ȫҶ֮ڣһ̣ŵԪȫ
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꣡
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벻ǣڹؼʱ̣ĦоȻµˣ
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ͷͶ£Ȼ幬ᣬͼͼıͳңֱ֮ͽ𣿡
Ҷٴŭһֲƣ幬÷飬ֲĦٴδ˳ȥ

ĦбһҪ忪Ҷʵ̫ѣ
ɱǶĦŭȣ棬ֱҶ㣬ƣ
ҶгҬеӣ뵽еŶ繷һЩɬ
ٿĺĦУԾɲ֪ڸģеŭ緢˼£
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Ҷÿһȣһŭ𣬽Ħ˫Ѫ
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꣡꣡
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Ҷһ㶣ֲĹâһĦɷ飡
ҪɱңҸ׻ʵһƬģƬңЩȫ㣡
Ħץסһžһ㣬˻ߵİҶ㡣
ҵЩҵսƷİɣûܾȵ㣬ΪҪͷĴ磡
ҶһɭȻĹâ漴ĦһĲҽС



İʮ 
Ҷһ̣öģƬץУƻնȥĦеͷڽɫɳĮķϵһ
ϢɣĴȻñлᣬһڴȥҶ˸һĨâͻȻһµͷ
ʱһâҶӴϢһӳʶ
ʲôǣҶʧɫӴϢԱˣȥҬУ
ԭĦɲǣһҶʹķӡȻ򿪣ȻնɱĦ֮ȻȻĹҶС
ǣӲӵеģһǣɾͷ֮ĵλʩͽ
ȻԶţ䣬һʧʱ䣬Ƿӽۺ˰ǣưΪһ䡣
ϹȻ䣬ٴα䣬벻ǣвǣ
ںϸзĵĴߣĳɳպкͷԵı죡
٣ڻǲľʹҬУҲǺƣ֮ǰҵķϣ֮һڴߣҲɫڵĴҲᴫǣڽĨɱҲڣҵĴˣ¿ɣŻڵĴУ㰲ĵȥɣʱ죬ҵĴ˻ȥ㡭
ҶŲ񷣬͵͵˵
ܸܵһӰĻ֮΢΢ȻҶǸм
ʧ񲢲ҪϾֻʣ¾ŸˣʵˣȻҪǣвϣ
½ϵĸصľǴУ
ҶѾع֮󣬱ҪʼͽѰԼĴˣҲڴս֮һʱ
еӰƾչȥҶ㹧ĿͷظʧУͶ̥ȥˡ
ӰӵʧҶһֱ̧㽫Ħеʬȥͬʱļ䡣
ףɱԭɱ
ĦеļУҶȻһشܣɱڣ
Թɱصĵط˽룬֮ˣȫǴߣ
ĦҲ⣬߳ɱڿ̩ޣ֮ǣһĴڣʵû˸С
ɱı󵽵˭Ĵ֣ĸˮ̶ԶǿߣҶЩ죬ĦеļУɱִʱҽһռСڲĸˮ̶
ĦУӵһˮ̶߳ǿ˹Ҷһһˮ̶Ͳ𾳵ǿߣĺŵˮ̶أ
ܿȻˣˮ̶Ȼֲ߳һˣҪϢʮ꣬˽ȥҲ̫Ч
Ҳ̫̬˰ɣҶĿ࣬εҡͷ漴ֽ߬סȭͷᶨлᣬһɱ򣡡
׻𣿿ϽϵаֲĦвǣʱ䣬ʮĽķӡϾҪˣʮĽϾҲûбˣʱƾΪԶԶ
뵽ΪҶЩգߵĿ⣬ٶȻޱȣľսˣΪߵҶ㣬֪̫δ
֪һսΪһϯ֮أԴ½룬Ϊ㣬ŬŬŬ
׻ѾҵϣĦеļ䣬Ͻ粻ưոݵģټκһ٣ծ಻ѹҹ¼ҹһһɱһһ˫Ҿɱһ˫ɱ޲ᵽҶţҪӣƵ
ҶɭȻһӣκһʬȫգһУҪתȥ
ͻȻǳ̫õͻȻ˸һ˿âʱ̫ãҶ㶼Լ¼ֲķ
Ҳŵʵ̫ˣ֮ǰҶٻ޷ٻöһ˿ͷڽ
Ҷв죬ö֮Ҳ˻Ĵڡ
û뵽գͻȻ֮䣬һ˿΢ͷУҶһһӴ幬֮С
žŰʮһռ˭Ҳ޷ֵĿռ֮ڡ
һɫĻ΢΢רѰң޷֣ﻹһĻ䣡
⻨һɫһɫ洫һ˿˿ϢܱκϢȥ
𣿣Ҷ׿Ȼɫʧ𼸺֪һֱػڶλ͵λĻĹͬ϶ɣ
Ϲţһ˿ըΪɻңֻʣһ˿ӣһλϤ꣬ȴβܷѿ
ʱŻĹͬ棬оڳɹϳɣ
ں֮󣬷䣬ˣܹٿصˣΪūᷴڣ
ֱ̬ԣ˽Ե˷ץˣΪ𣬻൱ƿһܻ
ֻҪ沥ϣʶ֣ӶɻΪū͡
ڶսʱӵֻҪһ˿棬ܶɻ裬ʱɱλֵҲڱĦ˿ӣ
뵽Ҷ˷ֲЩ
´󹦣ĦеоԪȫ㣡δ䣬Ҷ㽫ĦжоԪƬһԵĴĻС
֮Ȼ֮У
ҶӦӦֵˣңպ޾ķҩɳңҴһԻʹ̤۷壬ǧڽ£
Ҷ֪ԣĿ˸ĶɫֲĻػ
ߣھĿҪ̤۷壬Ǳˣˣһ󣬶㣬֮Ҫִ֪֮Ἰǧ꣡
м˵ɫĻ涸ȻһһɿֲĳϢҶһϡ
۾⻹ڵ𣬹Ȼǿ˷ָĵزˡ𡱵ͷ
ǧ꣬˵ЦˣҴһ죬죬ʱ䣡ٶȣ֮޷赲ҰɣҶҲŭǽԼȫչܡ
ಣ
һ˿Ļһͣסˣƺޱһ㣬ԼʶȻֱܹҶ˵α
޷ƭˡ
ֲĸԵӴˣңӳǰ䲻Ϊ꣬򵥣
˵Ҫ̤۷壬оΣҶ㱬ױȵϢžŰʮһ䱦飬Ҷ㱬ֲ׵Ϣ
˱ս
һα˰ս
쫷еСݣֲ֮£Ҫˣ
ߵĻòٴȥΪޱ֮£޷ڣܸܵϢ



İʮ ʮһöƬ
㲻ӦһĨȥʶһµ𣡡
ޱ֮£Ҷ俪ڣĿɭȻĶָȻֻһҡͷĨɱ
ÿֲ࣡Ҹҿ϶ֲ֮꣬ˣɭȻɱֻҪ΢΢һͷܽҳ״ݻ٣
оһ˿˿ɫĻ棬ɫĹԿʼ룬Ҫ鿪ȥ
һ̣ǿֹסΣһ˿춯±ҶΪҡͷ꣬
𣬲Ҫһ֪꣬Ķʵ̫ˣܹ֮ͨ·
ηˣϾǱ飬ƣһ㶼αȷҶһԸҪҲһὫ׻
ߣҵĵ·ԼߣҶ̹ǵͬشݺݵڻ֮ϡ
꣡
һӱ鿪һ˿˿â΢΢֮󣬱ըɢʹڵޱȵĴ
⼸仨꣬ʮ꣬ѻָ
һʱָҶʵ뷨ֺγ뷴Ͼ֤̫꣬ʱǨ׺ɣעһѹҶϡ
֮ǰˣǩĶƽԼһǣҶʵڰԵʲôƽԼҶﶼǷϻ
ҪҵģɲѣˣĲˣԸ䳹飬Ҳߡ
ðɣӮˣҲˣȻȷ룬ԣΪ˲Ĩɱֻ˶Ρ
Ҷ¶һĨЦݣٴοڣûҵ㲻׼ⴥҵı壡
ȻͷҪ޿ɺǣշһ£˼һȻʹĴӦ
һҶ֮УӣҶһϲ֮ϣľӡӴ˿ʼ𣬱һˡ
ڵʵ̫ˣ֮ϣҶһץס𣬽֮ϣһĹâתĻС
ʮֲĴˣڶ̶ʮ֮ڣ֮£Ļ΢΢ҡȸղţȻһ¥
𾪣㾹Ȼ֮УҸеöɲͬѰϢϢңҲҪ˱ᣬ̫Ҳ֪ˣ˵㣬Ҳһֲѡ񣡡
ĻȻҲԼİο
Ҷ㵭ĿһۣŲŲһӴܷɳȥǵڵϵץָһ㣬ӰڿС
˲ǱˣʧٵţϷ̺ܷܷŮ
߰ɣû̫ĻҲûǵײںδζһ٣һ䵭ĻһȣŽɫɳĮ
ŮҪʣȴӿһɿֲ쫷磬ɳĮļ֮Уգ֮䣬˵֮ڣ޷С̶̰Сʱ֮幬ڣ׳ΪһƬɳĮ
ɳĮ֮£Ű׹ǣ幬ӣ˵ҽжûͱֲɳ𣬳Ϊʷĳ
ʵֲ̫ˡ¶һĨ־Ĺâ֪־ԷɳҶ㡭


ûûҹߣ˴ԽɳĮľͷ֮ǵĳڣһɽˮɽϣվһŮӡ
ҡҡһ˲˲ĶŽɫɳĮֱһ죬ĸӰɳĮ߳ͬһϣųһĨǵЦݡ
ˣˡŮ˷ܵͬнãһɽŮӣҲһɫӰ֮󣬱¶֮ɫ
ݼˣҶڸһ߳㷢ӰͬģȻڻˡ
ŮϹݼ
ҶУѰһƬģƬȻУǳɹõһöģƬҶеľöһôչʮöƬ
ѽϹٽ㣬ǲǲôžϷ̺ܷܷҲһԻ֮ɫ
£ϹҲҶ㽻񣬸ŮգŻȻ
˿̵ϹҶҲĿǸǻ۵ϹعˣһһЦǣʵϲ̲Ϲ
㣬õöƬ֮˵ϣֳһöģƬȻдǸƶˣϹ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ˵
ҶһʮһöƬˣ
콣ģ嵽ױɶƬҶüͷ
ʮöЩϸһҲģ壬ô˹ѧԺȴû뵽ûͱնɱˣϹЩϧ
һۣԴԥ㣬ȻõʮöƬ˵õ˺ŵıأһ±õöƬǿ֮УеƬ࣡
ˣп̩޵ļǿߣǿǿ׻ûϢ֮⣬Ħõöˣֲ֪жö˵ϵģƬһöˣȫҵˣɢǿУ
Ϲһ˵ô࣬ǰһۣȻǹ˼ںŵĹϵΪҶȡʤϧһС
ãܺãлл㣬˵Щ鱨ʵ̫ҪˣҶѹסе˷ܡ
һ£Ҷ磬Һʦ֪̩̽޽ٵˣ򵥣ڳǴѶúͿ̩ǿΪУݼԥһ£Ҷ㴫
⻰ɻܣݼҶ㣬˵ҶҪԡ
ţǲҶһɲõԤУ׻ʺĦѾϣء
ǱʶƬĵˡ
ڳ˵˺ϽϵУǱ֮ܶԸʸҲҪǷĦݼصͷ
Ҷͷָļ䣬вͣתĦеļ䣬ȷʣǿߣͬ򵥡
ߣΣҵ·֮ˣصն֮ɱɱ˭ңҵĵˣ
Ҷ˾УҺ־ᶨһӰѳĺ⣬ǿţ֮
㣬һᶨվģϹסҶ֣ᶨĵ
Ѿ֪ݼ˵ɵĽҶ㣬ӣȻѾˮһս
ȻܰѣƲҶ㣬Ҳġ
Ҷͷȣ߬סϹС֣һӶԸɿȻ֪ϹЩԭ»ǡ
ηƴеǴͷȻֱɱ̩޵ǿߣΣ
лл㣡Ҷס֣
֮䣬Ҫл𣬲о̫İ𣡡ϹЦЦĵȻʧɫ
ãһĿ꣬򣡡Ҷչ¶ޱ޾ţĿԪҡҡԶƺһĴֻ



İʮ 
֮ǱλλıԵһԽ򣬱޾Ŀռѷ֮С
ҲǺħĵطÿһ궼дħӿ֮ǣвʾ޵ĳǿߡ
Ҷ·ĵڶ죬
ԭڱȺ⣬ǿĴѰһöƬټ
ʲôʱͷһ׳ĨһѺˮԹһ䣬ŹһأߣѰƬټ
ʲô취ˣʲô취οƬ˵ʲôˣ˭ύͬеһߣ̾Ϣһųεľʵ̫ˣ
ң̰ͼСˣ˾Ķ񵱣ӥŵԣҵƬԲưոݣ꺺תһ
ǣԲǣһһ˵һˣԸжųݣ
аңųĻȻӦ׷׳ɼӥŵ塣
һĻҶ˸죬е˼
㣬ǿ̩еһԱΪıǹˣԿ̩޵ľңһңȣָϳ壬ָ£ɱϳ㽫䳹ɱϹʱڣΨһ󶨾ӿ̩ޣʮֵ͵һֱ죬֪Ի͵ʷ
ϹҶȻϹԿ̩޵㹻˽⡣
Ҷͷ˵ԤУöƬѾھˡ
ⲻܰɣƬôӥĴѰңŴʱǸаףĴ۾һ޹ģ
󣡡ҶһЦ߰ɣȥһǸ죬룬ӦȲˣ
˵Ȼ֮УҶȻŲŲõĿ͵˹ȥ
ռ󣬽ֵֻңסٵÿֻжʮģǳӣϵĲ˶еΪҿһС
͵λģɫΣûдеݳޣȴ͸©µϢ
ҶкŮ˼СˣЦеĿ¥һŷȻסС
ƬƬҲһɵɣһһŷ˶УһϮ£ڽһߵģ
˾ǱΪߵľ죬Ǿҵʮ
Ŷû뵽Σ㿴ˣǺֶΣ컺۾һ㺮ⶸȻţʹ䷿Ҷʱ㡣
ҶȻǣȻûһΣǴ󷽷ĵͷǻ˲С
ֶκòòҪҪǣܸӴ˳ΪҵūҶбͬĹԡ
꣡
һ죬ڵΣľȫը飬ƬƬм£ը鿪
ŭЦһ㶣µľȻ飬Щȣľȴڿն𣬵û̫Ǳ
ô˵ģ㻹ǵһһĨ⣬ɭȻҲһ
ţͻȻȵһֻ㣬ǸǬɵڶʣ˹һֵĵһٺ٣ʵúܣѾȫ˵ˣΪͷ֪ϲñҴԲѣֳʮöƬҶ㣡
⴩͸˿͵ֱ꣬ɨҶ壬ʱϲԱ
ʮöƬеһӶȻڵڶһϯ֮أ
Ҷ㲢δشֻ˵ڸһĻᣬƬڵϣѧУ
һɿֱֲӳ͵ûһ춯ΨҶ㣬ֻоֲľѹֲĹâ
۷壿ֲ˿ô˵ģҲǵһͬҲעҶģ͸ıϡ
ǣ
߷ľϷ֮漴һɾݺ˺ѣֲ˻
ͨ
ڿе壬ֲľѹúݺ׹ڵأǱˤڵϣ
ʲôеʶ㵽ʲô̥񾹺Ϊһ޶־ĹâϾһȣҶȣֱ̫ˣ
ûʲôܵģֻ˵ʵ̫ˣΪв۷壬컹ûΪһȣ٣ѣҶ㼥
еľ˿ҶıҶһƣ
ռؼе֮ϣĴʱ޿̲Ҷ㱾壬ҪǿһЩȻ˲۷֮
ߣΣŭһǾⷽģԼⷽ棬ֺݺζԲܡ
ڸҸһ·ܸΪҵūҾͽֻأΪһֻ
ҶȻţ¡һ죬һŷķźȻը飡
һĻϹŮƹˣȫһ
Ҫ֪סһŷĿǾ죬Կ̩޵ǿߣ˵ʵ鲻죬첻һ֮ң
Ҳ̳ǿߣ˭ǣ
ǽȴһͷֱ࣬Ӻ˾ķţ˾ǣڲûдʲôϢ
Ѿһ·ҳֵ֣ܹסģ
һɿֲľѹֱӽ٣ѹþ޷ڣŭˣ
𣡡
Ķͷϳһź챦ʯѹһɢҶӻһҡ
ֻʳָָһƿһָһɫȻֲϢëȻûд򵽣ҶоƵζ
úã
Ҷտտ⣬˫Ĺâһ𣬼ȫ漴̧ȭͷһݿȭӰݺݵĳɫ绡˹ȥ
꣡
ȭӰ͵绡һס漴෴Ϣ͵ײһѿĴ죬ֻȭӰ͵绡ͬʱѣ
ͣͣͣ
Ʋ˫ֲ绡ɫĹâ͵ճһƬ𺣣˷ӵֻܳʣ¾Ҷˣ
ûã
Ҷһ٣ȭɼ򻯷¡һ죬ʱ绡һȭ̺Ż֮⣬ٶϢòһ½绡
ɫܱɫΧĻ棬ͻȻſֲȭ⣬һھϣֲ

Һһ͵ر˿ȥܸܵǻĿֲԣʵϣһҵûɢ
浽ʲôΪʲôմȾɲǣҸоԼҪū̫ˣʵˣ



İʮ ɻ
Ҹƴˣ
³һ̣һȣȻ䣬мಳҶ˹
˾ȵǣЩǿľ֮Сģ
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һߣӵĿֲħһ±㽫ؼֱ촫֮ڶеļڽӴҶ׵ĵطȫΪɻң
죬ʵ̫ˣʶĻ̹ȥΪҿܷһ·ǣһɭ翹תɹĻʳԣ
ȥ
쳤Х߶洫ط˸ſֲĹԣֱɲǣһһӳ˹
С
ҶЦһԪתսȻǣ˱ս
ֲİ˱սٴγ֣𣬿־֡
ͣ
һֻҶĴֻΪƣݺݵȥֲ˾ֻ֣ǹ΢΢˵һը鿪
׹
Ҷ˫ϣţһ̣ǧವһ´ֻܳͬһ㡣
ۡ
Խڶ촫Һ֮ɾİʱѪմȾһֱӽ
һֱӴ͸磬һĴԣס޷߶
ãʧɫҪܣȴȻٿأһ֮УоԼҪճɻҽˣ
Ҷ΢΢ζľԪһڣһ̣սȻǣʧȥԪȫز˵սȻ
ɫһϲ֮ٴδ߶ɲǼ䣬һ羹˿־ֵǣҶ㾹Ȼˣ
ǣ
սţһ㣬ھİ£ȻҪƱϣֱ˱սĵز
ڣȫɣսƿǵСڳ˱ϣﵽҶζﵽİ˱ս
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Ҷ㣬Ҹƴˣ
ȻϢֲĹâ˾֣
Ա
ȻҪԱһ۷ǿԱԽԲǧ֮ڣȫΪ촷ۣ
ҶȻһЦһ˿Ժڣͷľ޷Ա
죬ڣҪ
Ҷ۾΢УԪ챩ǣٴ۷徳磬촹òʩչ֣һ֮ǵ֮һӱ𣬺ݺݵѹھϡ
ͷ㻹ִԲѵΪһļʹʧȥУҪǧ𣡡
һƬƬѪ룬ӴľԪҶڣµӣþһʱʹ˫΢͵ĿҶ㡣
ˣǾҶһ޶ĴߣôūҶ㣬úݣԸҲ㣬ūģ
ŭ׺ݣ޲ʳҶ֮⣬Ҷ֮ǡ
ߣҲˣִԲ̽ɿܣ꣬ҽתɹڵϣ
ҶɭȻһЦһģ֮΢΢˵һһɾݺݰγȻҪꡣ
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һ٣һ죬һȦһӴ֮ڣһ𣬾Ȼ۵Ѫ⳹ɢ
ʹһѪ˫Ŀ־塣
ʲôôֶƺֲĶյµƣͣҡҷƺҪݽһ㣬ǿȼš
ݹµƣ
ѹ֮ŵıҲ벻ҶоȻȿֲĶ
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Ҷ㣬Ǵµƣ֮ţܹյģ˭һˣȻǴ˵ݳ޵ĶЦϧɺްҾ쿴ˣˣ
ߣ
ҶһߣתµƣĻ棬ವһ£ѹھϣһԵĿ־ȼգ鲻ԽĹڵء
ܣܣݹµƣûܹƿأΪʲôôôã
ȻڿݹµƱҶ֮󣬾ҡ
ûᣡ𣬸ȥ
һ̣ವһ±ɫĻһھϡ

һĲҺǱǧ˺ҧһ㣬Լȴһܶɾʹľ񣬱һʴ
ʶ֮УһӰӣˣνˣȻҶ㣡

ҡͷҧǵӰӳռһ̣ˣԵη壬Ϊǰˣˣ
ûʲôܵģҪֻܹʵ̫ˣ죬Ϊؼһǿߣǣ֮ϵˣϣ㣬ȴһֻ΢϶磡
Ҷ㵭˵ͣھĶУȴͬʥ
ɻ
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һ統ͷȣݺݵþһһȥ˭뵽صһ˿񣬾Ȼһ̣ȫ飡
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ʥϣһԣûλһӣĻڴ˳
ɹˣҶ˷ܵĵͷӽ쿪ʼҶūˣ
Ҷ͵վЦ
ھʶУҶˣΥ˵ʵĹ
ˣϵĹڵأݼҶ㡣
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һ֣ԱҶе˷֮飡
ھɻ˲䣬ҶֻоΪǣȻ嵽˲۷徳磬Ҷˬ˷ܲѡ
öƬҶҶЦƬΪֹѾӵʮöʮĵĿˣ
Ҷ߳棬żŮŴ˹ѧԺķȥ죬ں棬߳ΪҶȻǰһѰҴӿ̩ʣˡ
ҳָɵǣƬ
ҶĹϵ֪
ȻܶڿһĻҲ׷ײĿֻϧҶѾߵȻӰˡ
㣬Ƭ𣿡Ϲʵ
ȻҾѾΪҵūͣҶЦϹ𾪣㽫ڻзһ˵һ顣
Ϲɴ۾̫ˣ
ˣҪȥﰡ
ظõǮѪծѪʱˣҶĹ˸һ˿֮ŷĿ꣬ǱˣǮᣡ
߾Ƭ
ͻȻӰӴӺҹд˳˸ſֲĹԣ˸еֻţ



İʮ ϣϣ
Ҷ΢΢һȵķ֣Žˣƺʲôطһȡ
ֱ飬ƺҪȫѣɿֲƣɲһܹӵеģ
ãǿ̩ʣеǶ˫̥Կ̩޵һɼ칬Ϲһռ鱨˫λһֵܣµġ
һΪֵܵıԵһɼ칬Ҳʱ֪칬ĿֲǣΪΪ˵Ҷ㣬ȴ֪
칬Ͽȥǿ̩޵ĵһɣڴ½ϣãɽΪףǣ½սʱʵױ¶
̶ֲȣԲ˹ѧԺ
˹ѧԺ̵ţǿ壬£׿ԽĹףģļ䣬칬һͳڳΪµһš
һ棬ֵܵʵǶԳľ磬Ҷϣһж߲ǣ˵ӣʵֲ
ܹԿһ۷İ벽ܣҲǣ۷֮
Ϲˣɫһףڿ̩֮УǵѲ̶ȣλеһ
ԭǣѾܵöƬϢңһ˼ѰǣԼҶЦзųտտ⡣
΢Сӣ˫ɷǣԹԵĹܸеʮöƬȫվߵģϴһɫȿڡ
˫ɷǵ϶ҲǶΪֲģѾﵽ˲۷壬ĸ磬ǿһ
վλüΪһһң֮ľа벽֮ң˵ƻȻһٽƵʱ򣬶ܹͬʱ𣬱޾ܡ
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ҶϹԻһм֮ɫ
ģССϺѲңֻСںʹ˹ѧԺĵһϷ˼ɣ̶ܸ̼ܵ죬ΪڿѾ̤˲죬㻹ǲҪΪãǸϷ磬ΪֹҶûΪ
ϸĵѵ˵ںϷ磬µĶԴϾ˵츳˿Լ˸ǣΪ̶ȣÿֲݡ
һɣǮѾԹ˲ϾˣҲɲһȥˣûסˣϷ̣ʱţźܷܷŮŲ֪ĿģڿסǣҲڣǾ˵ˣҸұ֤ǲȥΪ֪ǵĹϵ
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һ춯صȣҶľűս֮࣬һֲ׵֮ų֣³ҡ

«Ĺâƺ˿ڣɨ֮Ȼûн֮Ƭ
ߣ֣µĸ㣬ϣ³һɿܣΪΪҶˣ
ҶеĹâԽԽ֮źȻ𣬳ڰյ˹ȥ
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ǹϢڽϣ˸епֻţ־壬Ĵڣ٣˵սľĴڣ
һ̣ȫˣ֪ϢԺεأǴӺζϢ



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˵һν飬Ҷ˵һֽѣĻҶЦˣЦʮֲá
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Ŀ˸ͽͷöƬ֮һʱʧ



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ȻҶĵƣѾһ㣬ֻȫȷЩѾ㹻ˣ룬ڲ֣򡢳ңҲóȻǲɱ֡
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ķ絶һƷ߷Ҷɫ䣬ףɽȼԪʮԪеԪŻֲһ
һŭһµ壡
յµ֮Уսëһ㣬䶯µƴ磬شΪҶڵһ֡
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Ϊһ۴Ǿܣ¶ҪԶ
ߣѵȼԪ𣿡ҶȻһЦǧһ֮ʣ֮֮ͨӣһ֮һӽ١
ҶսСɳΪһ㣬ڶ̶һ벻Ĺ򣬱㱩ǵһƿ

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޿ܣһɱɽ飬Ѿվڹھ֮λˣֻϧԥˣɽһ
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ԼŮˣĺ֬ѩδĺӡ
ʱ䣬Ҳó˰ɣ



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֮ǺǬɴмһϱڣ˵޲һƽпռ䣬ԣҶҪԴʱ֮š
ڱӦڵڶ죬ܿʱвͻȥǣҶȴڻؼңͷԽԽǿʢ
ܹھ˹ѧԺصس֮ţΪҶ㿪ع顣
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Ρ׳۵Ĳãɽ޸пǸߴɽţͻȻһЦãɽһˡ
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ҶһůŰӣ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫȻʦʵصΪǣҲΪá
ʦҵķˡܴ˿̣˾Ĥݣ˼Լӣǳĺӡ
֪ʣ裬ʦҲæԸϳӭӣӿ˿·ǽͽ˿̸оûʲô仯Ψһ仯ĲΪǿųϵûб仯

Ҷסˣ֪øʲôͻȻ뵽裬Ƕôİ
Ϊˣһʣ裬Ҳ˵ĺҪˣ
ɵŸʲôЩȥӰɣЦһҶɵɵ¶һĨЦա
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׵ʲôΪôҲ͸۾Ҷȴûз֣ҲΪ
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Ȼˣȴ͸ҶΪв죬Ǹӵĸоȴڿ󺣣
ΪҶأڱʱǲ죬ͻȻ֮䣬ֱ˲죬ԣû֪׻ûΪ
ӿȴͬһ㲨׳ΰ󣬸һܹ˵ģ
ԣǣҶ㵽ʲô硣
лᣬ˿ҶѾߵ޷壬ԼԼģѾ˲ææµµвҶϺҶӰ
ף㡭
վҶſڣ׵֣˸ˣһתۣѾҰ˸ˣ˿𣬲Щꡣ
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δҶشֻһˮڵϵ漴һĺ硭
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ҶĿ⾼ĶŲţЩһ漴ϲö֬ѩĶȻްοҶӦ飬ǵ˷
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вһ̣Ҷ㣬ҶϣҶȫסˣָоƺû
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Ҫùˡòһû׼Сһˡ



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һҹҶˣΪģСһﵮˣҶΪ˵ĺӡ
ŮҲҶѾ֣ҶС֬ѩҶ·
ȡǳǰҲ˲֪ӵҶȴ֪һ
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ڻϲصһҹ֮ҶҲûţͨ塣
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Ҷ΢ȵǣɽڣƽӭӣƽĿͣȻһ
Ҷоȣƽһ֮࣬δһ棬˵֮ǰĸӼҶ㣬ȴһζйȻ΢ʡ
һȴü򵥵Ĺ⹬ؼ򵥣Ȼ⹬¾ȻֲһƬ̲ݣ漴ɫ
ݣ񻨲˻⻹Ͻ١
ûһѪ⻹мӣҶ㣬⼸֣Ҳ֪նɱ˶ǿߣ˶Ǵûн鱦ֲһתΪԼݳ޵ز
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һ֮ص˼һӵʮϵĹңȡһݣֵͲԶˣ
ȻڿɲһݣгɰǧݣǼֵ͵ˣ
鲻һƽ׵ҩֵһٹ֮£ҲǬɴ޵ĴС
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ô˵ҶΪãɽȡĺôǲɹģãɽС̹ˣʹ͵öûһ;
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ǺǣʦܹˣŻܵƺ⣬ڵһֱԪռ䣡
׾͵Ҷһе𾪻ױȵġ
ǿǴ˵еĴڣȻû뵽ãɽȻһ𣬶պܾͻ룬;˷ܲѡ
ԣʦСģΣķһ˹ȥȻܵӵӵżѹγһ
׾ЦЦ˴γɼ죬ժô˹ѧԺܹھţŵͬ⣬ڿ⣬ѡڿӵеıƵҲ̫࣬ɣ
΢΢۾ȴҶǰһȴǿһ£һֺܲõԤϮ
ȻʦֿڣСܾ;лˣҶЦˣЦһֻ꣬ð׾Щ䡣
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ҶѾַˣܵϷһƽҲһȤ£
ֲҲ绻ɣ׾۵ĿԼıԼӦ÷СߣһŲߡ
ʵϣ׾ѾΪƽ̣׼Һķǧʱ䣬ΪЩ챦˵ЩֲǼϲãɽǧʱռġ



İʮ 
ͲƽʦֹˣСа취ҶٺһЦóһСŰ׾ҧͷ㿪ʼ
Ҳְ׾ۣݾȻһǧʮ֣ôĿıҶָһ㣬ܺܡ
ǣƽ˵ǽԵĻպôܷڣԣҶôűˡ
ѾҶˣ޲һ߳ȥҶ
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ҶһĿŰ׾ܵһӡһﲻôãǽӴһøУȻøǻ֮ϡ
ҲãƽʦϢɣҶˣ


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ŮɴӰȴѾҶ³ݣٿŵҩ㣬ռµʣ֣֮ˡ



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֮ܶ㷽ҺͽгŵҲ޷вҶˣ޷ٽһĻ׾ҲҶ㣬Ϊ
ԴˣҶ㲻Ȼ֮ԭ̤


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Ҷ㱾ǺϷ̣ż֮ڵȷǽͨȡʱҪĵȴ
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ʮԱΪ׵һ֮⣬֮֮ˣȫǲ죡
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Ҷ͵طŴ⣬ģŹ㣬ʵ̫ˣպҶδ棡
δ䣬ֻܺоıֵݺݵز֫֫Ȼն飡

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ĸɤӣ˵ϴҲ˵ˣǸСץסˣǸŮģǧܶϴ󣬶Ӳѿֲ𷣣



İʮ 
Ҷոͻƾ磬ֻ۵˹ɫȻһ䡣
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Բ
ԣɨβͣݺݵĽǸ˵
ȻˣϿգһų࣡
ۣ꣡

һƤһХ˿־壬
һֻݺݵ۾ϣȻ˳ƿغҹ
Ȼ絽ҩ۵ɲǣ·һ㣬ޱȣ޷ƶ
µǣ֪ʧˣ
ԣûüͱ
ҵˣȥɣ
һѪݺݵϣҶһɱѪ·׳ʿһ̽ݺݵĽ
ӴתĲҺ񷢲ͬưõѪҺҶϡ
һ̣סˣҶֵɲǣҲҧؽͬʱιŵҩסơ
ص󣬾Ȼһû
ҲΪʵԵʣڹؼʱȼԪԼһ𣬻ð亹
벻Ҷɹˣ
֮ͨ۾ǿƹܺҹ˳
һ̣Ҷ㽫𣬺ݺݵֶɽʼ
죬ʱҶΣգһĨοЦݣҶǸˣԼˣΪԼԸ
֪ˡ
ٿҶ㣬˿̿˵ﻢ£ʶǣʱԳûɻ
ǣʵ֮󣬷Լˣ
ʵ̫ǿˣ񶦶Ϊ͵Ϯ֮£ûκεҪɻ»ЧʱҶΪū
һ̣Ҷˡ
Ϊѣβͺݺݵɨ˹ֲľ쫷磬㽫䴵ߣǿŰĿ⣬˸ֲĹԡ
ʧʧ
ҶĿһᣬҧֺݺݵĴȥݿ࣬ɨĴβͣ̽ȡһ㣬ݺݵȥ
һԲԲĶץУԲ棬ƺһӣ
飡
βͺݺݵϣѪע磬عǱˣɭȻİ׹ǴѪв˳ʮֲֿ
Ҳ˲࣬ݺݵһץβ͵ľɳȥ

ˣڵץˣбڵҪҪĶȫҶһԵץˣҲܲסˣɵ¡һ𣬴һţҪҶ˽ȥ
ˣ
ɫĹâҶ㷢Լƺסˣ
ˣѵҲҶѾˣβɨУûһս֮Ȼգۼ
չռ¶һĨ⣬ֻӡԪȼգΪȻڶ̶̵ɲǣ˴֮
ۣ
ɫӦ飬Ҷͬ뺣һӴܷɳȥȴһ˸գŭѡ
ǣѰҶټȻ֣ȫˣ


Զ֮ңҶ˳ˣӱҶ㣬ɫҰֽ
ۣ
һɲǣʱһѪҲ֧Ųסˡ
֮ԪȻʮ꣡
Ҫ֪һ۷ߣԪʮ꣬˿̵İӣ;ƿˡ
ʦ𣬶л㣡Ҷ̧ͷ֪ʲôʧȥΪľһڵ
ûʲô˵ˣʵ̫ˣ壬ٲΣᱻͬӵĵĵ
Ҳ̱ڵϣҶͰӣǺˣҪƤˡ
Ҷ㣬ôѪɷ壬ʹ䡣
ҺðӼʱ֣Ȼˡ
ﰵңҺŶǲݣʧȥ֪Ҷ㼸ûһܻŻ
Ϲһֻ۾ڵʧҲӣ
ҶͻȻЦˣζĵĺֵ
ʶ̯֣һöɫӣȻųӣץ
񱩵ϢţҶһ
Ǻñɵֻܽ֯۾õҵ˫ͫһʷǰĳ̶ȡҶЦˣûڵ൱ඪ࣬ǿҲQ˶ˡ
̯֣һԲԲģмСԲ򣬱ôڵ̫
ңڵ棬һŴ飡
ʲô飿
ӼĿڵǿ飬ʧɫ
ǰʮֺе𾪣ͨһ𺳵顣
飿ʲôҶãȻ
飬֮Уû뵽Ѿ׻ΪӲ߳ʱΪ֮ߣû뵽ϣһ̾
ô˵ɣĴУҪССС飬ȴһ飬۸˭׾ٽϴ֮˵׬ˣ
ӽĿһۣҶЩ㶡
飬顭û뵽ҾȻõһ飬ҵǳĺãҶЦ顣
ݹȥӡ
ʦͽТģҶЦˣڵ;󣬷ǰӣȻ;ƿݡ
ûʮ겻ͻƣɣԣʺ
⡭õģ֮أ㻹ǾðɣҡҡͷѾ֣ҶǸд˵ˣպǰ;뵢Ҷ㡣
պ۷壬ǵûһʦУ
͵͵˵
˵
Ҷ۾һɣŭôĿʲô۷岻۷ģû㣬۷ʲô˼



İʮ ܣ
Ҷ㲢ûм뿪һȫĶԷָơ
͸˰ӣָԪڵҶͻƵķ
أ´󹦣ݽͶ״ҶҲûпǴӦ֮⣬ȫ
ڵľ̲صľԪ֮࣬㹻Ҷ֮
ȻڵڣֲҩײһͷС¹žԪĹڵܽ⣬ҶΪҲˮǴߡ
ʱһȥҶɽ֮ڣһһɫļ롣
һ£Ҷûʲô
һ죬ɽ֮ǰɽһĻңȻȴûһϢЩż
Ȼɽ֮УǶֹͣˣӲ²⣬Ѿˡ
ȴҡͷ㶪飬ʧڵϹһֻ۾Ҳȥ
ϾϹָļ̳ˣ֪ʲôֶΡ
˲أɲȥĴ裬û˸ҵ͹ضܽľ飬ҲЩڲƯҪá
ȻͷǸһеˣصĻҲоеʱա
ȻڵɽڣͻȻһХ֮ʱɽѡ
ǺˣҲǰ׾߹Ҷ㣬ǧҪǵˣͻȻˣǣȴôæȥ˵ӵʮǱ
ҺҶ㼸פĵطɽԶǱȻ
֮󣬻ؿڣļ²ѣϾһĳʵ̫ˣ
ȻһУҶȫ֪ȫ֮ϡ
ʱһȥת۶ȹ£治һǳȴûļ仯˵ڣһļ졣
ĸ¹ȥҶɽҲܵ¶ȱ仯һΪڻǼ֮ǰ
סɽµڣȻѸ˥һ㶼ûмǱʧȥ֮ǰҪֲ֡
ãɽʣʮӵӣȻһ̵һͷޣޡ
ͷޱס޾Ĳ֮УһڰϢû뵽ˣĿС
һϵеı仯ðӺɫ䣬ȫסһ춯
Ϊ¶ѾȫĴѰҰӼ˵ټ
飬ӲԪǣΪ̤֮ǣ飬Ȼþ󣬱һ죡
ǣȴûһϲ֮ɫﰵԵҶ㣬ĸˣûһϢƲ֡
еʱ䣬Ϊ̣׳Ϊһ֮ǿߣҾһ죬ֻһ֮ң
һУҶȫ֪ڱչ֮С
˵ڹú˷ܣΪÿһ죬ӦܵԼڽǽ
һ죬ڵڵһ룬ǣıҲȫ̳ˣζʵڲܡ
壬ֱȫìݺݵĴԼգѨʹ̣Ҫˡ
Ҷҧ
ȿֲĥ֮УҲҶ㲻ᣬڵǧ࣬ƴģԲԼΪһѣͷⲻҶԸ
תۼ䣬ֹ£ϵʹûһ٣۵һٽ㣬Ҫըˡ
ǳˣ¸̲ס£Ҫ֪£۶˭˵һʱĥѡ
ȻҶҲ޲ߣԷ֣ʹ˷ܡ
ԣҪɹΨһֶΣǾͣ
ͣ
֮⣬
ţ¹ȥѾ˼ޣ֮ǵһٽ㣬ѸͷţҶʹ˱
ô죿ô죿Ҳûа취гãȻ֮ɫ
۾Ȼͨ죬֧ȥһᱬըɥʧԣĴɱˣǸʱ򣬿ҲûҶˣʣһɱ¾Ʒ
Ҫɱˡ
ǵͺģ֮ɽ𶯣ʯͷ׹䡣
˿̵Ҷ㣬Ҫˡ
ȭͷҪɽ˹ȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϢԴϢ֮һӱɲ֮䣬
Уǰ취ұ뽫Ⱪ֮ųȥһᱻģٺҶ亹ɫòҰޱȡ
ȻԴûϢʱǱ֮һγ֣ȻҪٴռ࣬ҪѪȣߵϢ
ҺãҶɫһ䣬þԪסԼ֮࣬ǰһ亹ڵϡ
һվԭⲽ˿̵ѾͻˣûˣΪٸߣʲô;
ԣѰų֮ķ
ҪôʻҶͷ֮У죬ʱһֱ˼
ǣ죬ûһ취
ʱԴѹЧ˿ʼҶɫ䣬Ȼ֣֮޷Ž⣬ԽԽࡣ
һ֣Ѿۼ˻¸ط
ƽʱưٳҶ㣬ʱҲš
ͬȹϵϣ߸ͣ¶ľ֮ɫǴûеġ
ȻǵһΣҲ֮һΣѾᵽӰ٣ʼˡ
ҪңҪţвͣԼһˮԼ
ҶɫȴԽԽѿĸܵϢȻ֮ȾˣһǧݣȻһֲ̣
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶǰһͻȻ뵽һ󵨵뷨
ѱ֮֮ڣ䵽֮ϡ
ף
Ȼ֣ϳһ˿ǹ䣬֮һǧֲһ̣Ȼȫɳ壡
ҶǰһȻۿɼٶȣֲӣȻܷŹûᡣ
ռٴη֮ڣۿɼٶȣ
Ҷ㿪ʼ˷ȴû뵽ã֮ӣֱѴ߻
̫ˣڵܽ⣬ҲҪӿˣ֮ҿˣ
ֲУڵڵٶȻһ̣֮ľ翪ʼҡΡ
֮ڵȻܹ󣿣ҶͻȻͷǾڵ
Ҳ˵ҶͻƵ֮辭󣬱ܳΪһܣ
Ҷȴ֪ʱѾһ꣬ûһ㶯ΨһðԵþţ裬ûóȻȥ
弱ϻһʱ䣬·ȹһ꣬ǿ׳壬Ѿӡ
¿Ҫˣû뵽Qһ꣬Ҫô죿˸ž⣬Ҷ˵Ļûġ
ҲˣֻҪõ壬аճϲ۷壬֮ҲԶӡ
ŷɣֻа취֮ӦñҸӽ˴֮£
ظ˵Ҫӡ
֪ΪΣָ߸ϵϢҪ
ǽЩ쳣صΪͻƣ˲죬԰ӣηˡ
ɽÿһ仰һأô³䡣
һ㣬κ˶
֪ΪΣƺҶţ˵ĹϵǸӣȥ֪Ϊ´ҶۣҶĿֲид
ˣҲһʱ䡣
οаڴˣĲˣʲôֻΨǴӡ
ԤУҶ㣬лһľ磬ӣûа취Խ
£ƺȴģΨ
ԣӵĻûзǵͷ֪Ҷأ¾ͻͰһľ磬ǲصġ
ǣһ˿ģѾ̫ǿߵΧˣֻѾɽˣ˻ڴ⡣
оͰ֮ˣѾΪһһǿߣնɱڵֻȴ֪ڵѾҶ֮
Ȼ˵ǱƬԴһףŵУһۡ
Ѫ֮ıǿġ
ԣĵľǣЩǿߵ죬鷳ϾˣҪˣıЩ˿ӡ
٣İɣҪˣǸƻļһҲ֪һҧʮ¾
ӵ֮⣬ǣǸļһһ֪ԾҪˣҲЩᡣ
ܣⱻˣ¡
ɫһ䣬ͻȻͬĵͷ
ĽƻзӦٶȣݶĳģ˵ΪͷΪпܷ
ڶƵʱҶɽ֮УΪѾ˼£ڵҩ߷˸߳ΪǴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ѵǴ֮ҶЩȣŵȷͻˣȴеʵϵľԪƺҲ˵ͬˮ
ԣǼپ磡ҶȻǼپ磡
νپ磬ǽͻƺδͻ֮ǰҲ˵ڴڲ֮֮䣬ûĽ֮
뵽ʱȻɫҲ˷ܣܴﵽ磬Ȼ֮ϣ
Ȼһͻƣһʱ䡣
һ꣬ԲȣûһӵϢڴӼپ֮ͻơ
ֵһǣսٴαǣʮսʮյµƳΪһ塣
֮ȻǴŵǳսһ˵ս֮С
ָоֻҪ֮սٴαǣʮı
һˣɫʱսУԣҪԼǿ
ȻʱҴҶҶΪ춼һ죬ǵΪﵽһֲľ磬Ȼǵ
̫ˣ
ҶܵĴ磬ǵ㣬Щ񶦴֮ϢеƮƮȻˡ
ԪȻǷһ㣬ʾ꣡
һĻҶЩͷۻ꣬һΪֲ֣ͨͻƴܣǶ꣬ѾǼ£Ҷ㾹ȻһĴ֮ܶࡣ
ֲǣ

һ𲻶࣬һ٣ͬһƬƬۼףס
Ҫ˵ͨĴܣ𣬵Ҷ㾹ȻҪ֪໥ܱ֯ǵֻ߰Ҷȴû㣬ܵ𣬾ģʵһѾոˣ
ȴĿЩ⣬ҡҡͷ֮ȻսȻͬеһ㣬ʮıսһֲ֣
֮ѾһʵĴˣ
¡
ɽȻһӰֲ߳ƣ֮ηһֲĳЦðӺȫһ
صһĨĪĿ־壬ܣܱĴֲܿʮ
ͱȰӻҪֲƺһƣܽնɱ
֪ΪΣоȻ˸ͷٿҶ㣬˿̵ǴȻûй̶״뵽ʲôʲô
־硭ʵֲ
￪ʼɪɪãҶֻҪһͷĨɱԲԣ



İʮ ɨ
ˣҶٴγ֣Ȼһ֣ǰӻأȫˣɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼڶ̶꣬һԾһ֮
񶦣֮ľ磬ȻҶ㣬ȻβŬ£Ŀꡣ
һ̣һУ
Ȼɶڵң׾ֲãеıֲ֮֮ڣȻֲĴ߻
һǧֲȻ˲俪ΪҶ֮ԭ򣬶һǧϡֲȻ͸дڴ졣
˵ǰ⵰ڳΪһ׵׵ĸ̣
Ӽ˳Ҳ˲ҶϵԸΪʦ㣬֪ʵ̫ˣǸڸյŮˣԼе̫ණֱգĶڳɹˡ
һܣվѾ۷壬Ϊ˾Ĵڣ
ãɽҲûٸСνӵӣ̫ϳϣȫҪ߿һۣ
ЩҶ˵½ǿʼ
ʦˣҶܵеļͬʱѾ²⵽꣬Ӳù
ȷΪҶڱչأӳ˹ؿҪ̣ң̫ǿߣãɽӵȫڴˡ
ԣӱ̣ðͷ
ȻҶ仰ڣӶʱӯ߬סҶ֣Ҷܵ£ܿʶףȥһ֮ɫ

Ҷһ֣ЦңЩ۵ˣǸøһɫˣ
ЦˣЦ񾭷վڲԶأоԼð亹ƺϾҪըһ㣡
أˣǸĽҰͻƵ۷ɣҶЦһ𣬶ʱһԣһ뻪ݡ
뻪ǻʥĸʳʵܳһؿֻ뻪ݸܹժժãҲҪǧʱ򲻿ܳ졣
ɫһ䣬󾪵뻪ݣ
Ȼ˵ңԿģˣȳذɣֻҪۣʣУȫ㣡
ҶĻһҲ£ҶΪ֮󣬺ڵĳŵȻ꣬Ҳʵ̫ˣѾҶ㲻κϣڵõ뻪ݵʱиһƬңΪҶСȡֻû뵽ǣҶȴûзϣѡš
ижҶ㿪ʼء
ʱţҶɽϿУѾ죬һ죬ڳأҶ㾪ȵǣسصʱ򣬾ȻϢֱվ࣬Ӧ
Ĵɱ֮ѾˡҶʧɫûһϢĳ࣬صӰӵʱ׿Ȼɫ
ɱģôȻʧȥȻӭģ֣֮
ôһ㣬ҪѾ㹻ˣذȻл뻪ݣұ֮㣡
Ҷ㶣ʱЦˣҲҪֻϣҺȥ£һһҪ֪Ҳҵĳˣ
ЦˣЦ˵
¶һĨϲɫȷذǰ;
ѾʦǣȴϣҶպߵĸãҲãϾ֮йһʦͽ֮Ե֣
ˣһҶ˷ܵЦһֱڴģֻۣ·ҹһ㣬·ҹ֮еܿܿҪİš
۵ãҹ
ȻۣǴʲôأ
ãҲҪջҵսƷˣ¶޾ţϣԸܵŵĹ⻷
Ҷ㵣ĵǣǿãǣ²ڻ֮ǰǰԣ뵽һ취
ɽ
ﲻһֻҪ޾ǿߣЩǿ߶ǲãɽӵӣʮ֮࣬Ȼ˿־ĺ˺ȻУ
Ҷ㽵ڴˣҲǵڶˣײеȻλӵĵӵ
ңһ첢ûг׼ŭ³ǼΪֲģ
ǰӣأȫûĿܣ˵ڵˣǶǻ룡
ĸµӣȫǿֲĴܣڲ񷣬һư֮ɫ֮ɫ
¶ӣ
Ǻ¶ӣһǶֲλܣһã
ĻɣҶЦˣƺҵˡ
أǼ˽Ұɣˣ³˺ˣΪǣȻ֣ҲзԸҽ֮ǰͰҿǰɡ
ҶһݣɽȥǴȴ˿⣬Ͼսڣǧټһƴȫ
ţСޣվұߵһ¶ӳԱҶ㣬һĨ֮ɫ˲ǱˣǺ¶ӵ󻤷
ľ͸ҹһߵɫɽֲ֮ɭȻ£ܿռ
Ҷɫһ䣬¶һĨ־֮ɫȴҧƺ׳һ
һ̣Ͷȫŭ
Ҫ֪¶ڲãɽǲǿֲĴڣû˸ǣƽҲУҲҪֱ档
Щ˿ɲ֪һߣԺ޼ɣ֪
Ҷ֮вŭĵ
¶ӣɸһսҶĿ⾼Ŷ
ܱλҪߣλǰҲһǿߡ
ҲǲѶΪ֮ûһͷַͳָɵ⼸ˣԣҪѼߡ
ţޱȣ֮ͬصϺ˵ݻѩ£鿪ɲǼ䣬ѩƱǡ
һѩɫĹâһ£
ԣ
Ҷɫһ䣬ζȻ˿ȥ©һϢαʧӰ٣
¶ӣҲˣ˵Ժ֮УһλƮȻȥ
ϣ̫һҪնɱȣλϴХһʧԭأλһۣҧҲ˹ȥ
һϿ֮УҶվǷɣϴһ˿֮ɫ
٣û뵽¶Ҳ׷ҹҶһ̵̵˻ֻģ
ԲѣëͷСӣɣгһе͵һתֲͬ쫷һɱ˹
ҶϴŵЦݣûһɫ
ȻһɲǣҶ㶡ŭХһã쳷
֣Ҷûһ춯ƺ̫İһ㣬Ȼ͵ɲǣͻȻˣûжܣһֻƣ
֮гһöɫӣضȻɫɰɺҹ
ҹۣ֮
ǣѵĻ̫ˣ˵ΪҶٶȼֱǣ־ǽһ㣬ݺݵĹĲϣ
룡
ҶܵȻ˶ˣÿֲһУҹƿ˵Ϊںҹ֮Уߣ
емһˣΪһɳסˣĲӾȻ
Ҫ
ŭһĺҶ˵Ǵ߻߻
Ѿû̫˼ˣΪǸˣϣۿԼͬȥҶЦˣϴһգһɲǶѡ
飡
ʬ屻ݺݵͶȥҶһ㣬Ȼʬ嵽˵˲䣬Ҷ㾹ȻѾˣ
ڿץɲǣͻȻ𣬴ȭͷĥ̴Сֲͬɽݺݵ˹
ǣҶٶʵ̫ˣ
ȭӰֵɲǣʬ屻ݺݵ˹ɫ䣬ȻȭѾղˣ
꣡
ʬ嶸Ȼ鿪Ѫ׷ɣֲǣʬ壬ȻԼֵУ
˵ûбҶɱǱһȭأ
ôԼֵܵζôң
Ҷɤ͵ξһ̣Ȼ֣ڶס˲䣬һ飬Ȼһ̣Ҷȭͷˣ
ȭͷǺɫģһ貵飬ȻȴżΪϢڳȭ˲䣬غһѺۣ
꣡
عǱ飬ΪҶǴӲ湥ģȭͷ߹ǴԽعǣֱɭɭĹͷӺɫѪв˳ɭȻֲ鷢־֡
ߣʲôĴܣҶ¶һĨ̵Цݡ
ҹ֮һӴ붡Դ֮󶡺ѵͷԶʱ幥ռÿֲ

ħһ㣬Ĵˣɽ
ʱ¶ӳѾһ˾Ȼݺݵĺһȭ
عѣҺӦ죬ܱɷˣȻһҪȻ䳯ȥ
ԣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֹͣжȻը飬Ѫ׷ɣҶ㣬ͬʯͷһۣĿ¶ӵĳϡ
֪Ǳԭ𣿡Ҷ㿴ϣҲҵĵ
ԭվߣҲ֮еϴɫ䣬Ҷ㣬㾹Ȼ֮ǿߣֲãֲã˴Բѣ
սڣҵֵܾԲĶҶ㣬ȴҶЦ
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ŰԹˣҶ˫ų⣬û˸һȥʬ봢֮ڡ
Ҷȴ֪ڼԶ֮ҲǺ¶ӵΧ֮ڣŭĿգңңԶҶ㣬ͬʱͷʧӰ
ǸĿɷ죬źµˣڶбף˲ǱˣҶἰĳˣ£
ŭĿգѪȣ
Ѫ֮ϹţѪĶ޾ѪҺǧ꣬Ȼγһˣ˭ֻҪѪÿ춼ҪʳѪܻȥ
ȣǹ꣬Ѫû꣬һζɱ¾ɷһڳһ˿ʶǱȣѪꡣ
Ѫȶˣ࣬û뱻£ΪԱս
ת֮ѪҲ׹ֻأΪѪȶˣڣһΪ춯أ𿴲ǴܣʵԲԺԡ
ƶҶ˵Ļ˵ں¶֮У˿λһ֮£֮ϣʵȻ֮ΪǸŭĿյĶ֡
˺ԵУΨа
ƹضΪ֮űҶȡһ棬¶гԱնɱİףͲãɽ߲амھȻȫһôưոݣ
ɽΪľǽҶ㣬ڳΨ̣ʬҶֵ֮ʱ۽͵س鶯һ¡
Ҳãնɱ㣬ʬңº
ʮʹҶ㣬ǧİףȻҶȫˣλǿߣһϣȴ˹˾Ƕô̵飡
̳еĿǺ²Ϲŵĺ񣬾ԣǣȴƿһ
ҲûĸΪǵӽʵ̫Сˡ
ϹţľҲǷǳҵģܹռ̣ǾϵһҲ˵δʮ֮ڣʳˡ
һ൱Ǭ½磬磬һС磬ȻǬ½򣬾Բܹյġ
յǻǣһӵƾʷǺ˵ﵽʮףʮҲ൱ʮ硣
Ҫ󾳽磬ҪҲһ
ڽ֮ǰ㱻գҲô죬֮һԾһ졣
Ҫ֪֮ϵľ磬ÿһ綼һ޴ĺ蹵һһǿߣնɱʮ֮ǿߡ
ԣܹȵѹƺ¶ӵĳԱ
ÿһ磬ĺ蹵е̤֮֮ϵĴӵжʮһʮԪӻȴվûٽһ
ˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ㣬͸ԵϣҶﵽǸ֮ʱЯһѣҲһͶʡ
ĴڣѾǵܹˣҪĻԵǴյģ
ΨнʵĿܣ
Ժ͸ҶһݻԵԵҶǱǿֲҶ㱳Ŀ´ڡ
ΪһΪµĴڣ˲ŸԸ͸ҶһݻԵ
ߵĸԣԲܰһڻԵ͸ˣˣȻĵΪҶ㱳ĿֲڣǸţȴе־壬սĺ̨
ֻЩ²ֻ֪֪ҶĹµƣ֮ţٵ۶İףЩǲ֮
ʦ֣ڣҶź˰ֵӺ˵Ľ飬ƮȻȥſЦ
Ȼɵӣ֪̣Ŭ֮֮ȥ£ƾڵΪĺѡ
Ͱһ֮󣬰ӸһܺõĽ顣
ģ磬ֻǬ½ӰǬ½֮УһȵĵطӡʮֲֿĴڣй¶Ϣʹ÷Բ֮ңݲΪë֮ء
ţħսħľۼ֮ڣֱ˹սƣϹʱڣǱսѾħ󣬹󣬻ĳǿߣ޾˽ܡ
ѾΪ֮أһ˸ҽ롣
˵󣬾صĸʴΪһʬеĽʬʬ䣬תޣΪٶȳ֮и̫ǿߡ
ֻȱ˷ӡΪֹʬȾ½ÿʮ꣬˽֣ܳӳַӡЩ꣬ǲãɽ֮ǵĴ˹ѧԺ̩޵ı칬Ǵϵǵַӡ
һߣħ͹ǿߣҲӳⷽķӡ
ڿ̩ޣǣȴԿû֮Ľʬʬ壬ȫڣǻþ˵ҲǸѵȥ
ӴҶ֮ڣ֮꣬գ»ȣĿҲῴĸԶ
ǰг̣ҶܾΪ֪սϾҪˣǸʱԲܹʧȥȻ
ȻڷţҶħͻȻѶ֮УõһöǺˣΪѾǵ֮Ѿص˲ãɽܹΪסҵ
һ棬Ҷħ֮ǣǮǮҵ⣬ǮϷǮܣնɻΪū
ǮҵǮƳɹãɽҶ磬֬ѩģֺϵѾ׼ڴʽİ£ԸֵҩĹӦ
ǧ˶ӣ̿Ͷӣ鱨ӵ֯Ѹٷչڵǧ˶ѾֻСӣǧˣʵǷϳ֣סһλܡ
вãɽϣǫһ˶ǫһ˻ҶˣָҶ㣬ǧ֮ΪΪϲ𣬱ҶΪϼһ
ڵҩջ£Ϊǧ˶ӵķչ˲
ҶħһĺϢҶĵҶɹͻһıϣ̤һ۷壬죬һ֮ң
֮£½սֻʣʮ£
˶ľ磬Ѿﵽ˸Ӧľ磬δ΢ľ죬Ҳܻȷѽ٣Ҷȴ֪һ
Ҷս飬ǰļ䣬κζҶ㡣
ҶħĴ㣬Ҷ̿ȡﵽһ죬ؼգ飬Ὣһдãἱ䣬Ϊһ֧ҵսӣ
ҶˣӦ˰ӵ飬һʵĽݾȷҪǻᣬ֮ſС
ҲʮָˣҶ֮£㳯ȽأҶı֤£˳˲ʧȥĻᣬҶȴӦȥ֮գµԴ
شӦˣǱĺܺõķʽΪʮ֮ڣһǧ˴̿ͶӣұȫǾʵҲҪв֮
տʼظоЩΪѣΪǲܵ飬Ҷóǧֲʱˣһֻ꣬ȴδֲȫˣʮ֮ڣһ֧ǧ˴̿ͶӣĲ룡
ȣȥܱնɱһֲ·Ҷ¸ҵĽȥ
ԽսԽǿսΪΨһ;Ҳ;



İʮ 
ȡ
һƬë֮أݲﻨ㣬ˣֻͻأʯͷնһƬݹ᾵ʯͷһĸо
ҶͰվ֮ǰ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʦһߣ粢磬㿴ߣҶ棬˭ϮҪԮ֣Ψеصʱ򣬲Żȡ
ǵԼȻһ仰ܳΪҪǰѶȡ
أʣһҲҲ֮ʱҶЦˣӵͷҲɵϣȻ׵úܡ
𣡺𣡺
һֲХҶ㱻ëȻ֪ⲻȣﲻһõĵط˿ֲ
侳¾Ǿܣû߻Ŀܡ
ʦң߰ɣ
ĥҶ¶̵Цݣ֮ͨֳ콣罣Խ֮Ĵڣȴ͹ôһ㡣
һˣϹλ󣬺һ𣬳Ϊһ壬򱻰ӻá
ߣ
ҶһһʬӹһɫѪҺӿ˻ĽʬڵϣѪ
ܣ
ǰ浲·ĽʬȻһλܣ֮Ĵܣ
Ҫ֪ʬµ㿳ϣҲûκʹ֮У£ܹͬʯһ㣬ܾ㣡
ԣ
֮ͨųһ𻨣Ҷ㵹¶һĨľ⡣
ԣ
û뽩ʬԴȻλܵĽʬͬһͣǰƽҶŲһˣ󵶺ݺݵĿȥ

Ҷ㱩ˣݺݵĿɱ߷˼£һʬƬݺݵ׷ɳȥһʱ䣬ڵķԲһ֮ڣһƬ޳
ʬǰ̣ĽʬƺŵζԽԽࡣ
巢֮죬ҶЦɱĻ죡
֮ѹһ㣬Դ֮ϣ¡¡֮ͣһʬ飬µ˸յùµţݻ޾Ĺԣÿһ£һʬ
ɣҪǼʶʶҵ֮ŵ֮
֮ݺݵĿȥ֮ɽеĽʬȫ飡
һͱǧʬ
Ļ֮УҶȹһһ졣
һ죬նɱλܣȴһһĴܻˣ㱻һֱֻۣҺ÷ӦѸ٣Ȼڶ죬ȴΪ˱𣬽ǼһƬһһ죬ҶֲĻ֮Уͣɱ¾һͱɱǿһ㣬ܻȥĻ£һɳ
ֻɳȴʹĴۣԽԽˣֲı֮屬ţҺԴΪ赼֮֮УΪֲϡ
ǣⲻǳ֮ơ
Ҷɱ¾Ĳڳ鴤֮һ㶼մȾȾһ˿ɷʱͳɹˡ
ϴǦջ̤һ죡
һľܣ
Ŀǰ˵ȷܶ࣬ԣҶƴŬ
һȥգ۱һʱ䣬һ죬ҶͰӱԱվţеı֮ű˼¡
˿̵֮ţֱǿ󵽿ֲĳ̶ȣһȭһܣȫڻ¡
֮ţҶȫΪһҶ㱬˿ֲսսʮıսʮ屶Ȼⲻ㡣
ڵɱܣѾϡƽ飬֮Խմ٣ֱ죬մȾı֮һ֮˿
ǣǧСһ֮˿ҶÿɱĽʬǧ֮࣬Ҳ˵Ҷÿ춼Ҫռǧ˿Ժء
ҲĽΪ黤壬ۺʱ嶼ɢǵķ㣬һ㣬˿Ļŭš
սǲС̶һʱ䣬սѾﵽ̶ֲȣҶһȭһܣһһ
һ֮ڣҶɱʮĸܣҲ˿ɱʮ
һֲ֣
һʱ䣬Ĭ˼㣬ĪĺøУ˼¡
ҲûгӣҶ㣬ʱ򻹻͵͵죬ҹʱ͵Ҷ㡣
ЩҶ㵹ǳţһֻ֪ӰѾȥ
һȥҶɱ¾֮жȹնɱʬҪʱ
գۼ䣬ȥܲвûļ仯ȴֹһ꣡
ҶʵѾﵽƿ֮ѾʵɱһһĴˣֻںɱ֮Ҳ˼˺
ΪҲﵽƿҪͻƣĺѡ
ڱ֮ѾﵽˣӻԹƬҶմľ磬֮һ㶼Ӱ첻
µı仯֮ţΪ֮֮£ֻһ֮ӣȻ֮֮ȫ֮󣬾Ȼһµ
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һͨԿףٿ֮ףܹ۸˵Ҳ˵ڶս֮У߶֮ףܹڸϣ֣ܶ
Ȼεĳԣڵõһʮķһ֮ڣջ
ʦ𣬿һζɱ¾Ѿǰ취ˣҶо˸֪ڽɱ¾Ҳʲôˡ
ҪͻƿΨһ취Ǿ
ǰȱϾֻģ˵ܹһϣ̾һ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ҧҧʦһ취ֻ취ȴżķգһ˷ְǶ˼пܱʦţ
һɫȻ仯ȵĿҶ㣬֪ʲô취
˵˵
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Ҷ˸żᶨĹâɫһ䣬뵽˵¼ļ֣ɫ˲òҰޱȡ
ĿʼҶ㱻ʦţָúȥδӡ
Ҷ㵱ҲϣܹˣֻʣҶ˰ɣ
οƺˣ
𿴰ӰˣǣȴŮ֮£һŮʲôΪڹȥİʱ䣬һ˼֮ϡ
С䣬ʦģʦǷרľһֱĹԣҲ㣬δ̸Ů֮¡
Ȼ꣬ȴĸо֪ͽܣңСͽܻԼĴͽѾˣһ˺ӡ
㲻ţ۲ݣ
߾ܲǹɴͳ֪ͽ˸飬պԶҲ̧ͷԣֻǿݸ飬ĵס
ǣȴСάθ飬ƻϣҶһ𣬾һЩ˽ǶŮ˵ҪĶ
ЩܣǽҶͻȻ˵ȻͷľѣԣҪȰ˵Ҷ
ʦ𣬺٣ֻ˵˷֣˷֣ǻܸһﵽһ죬񲻸ã㲻˵Ҳ˵¿ûһ֪Ҷ㿴ӵɫҰףһʹϽ͵
˭Ҳ̶̵֪ʱ䣬ȴ߷Υ׵ʦ
ɫԺã˿Ҷ㣬˵󻰡
ˣʦ𣬲ҪңӦңҾͽ֪ĸ㣬Ӧ֪ҵӣٺ٣ᶨĿ⣬ðһ
ʦǵõǸֻҪʱ䣬ͻ磡Ҷ˵
ǰһĲһ죬νҶеض˵꣡
˵ֻҪõǸܼԼ
Ķˣһ̣һУʲôŹɣֻҪܺԼİˣٴ꣬ʲôֵˡ
˷ȥʦʦҲԸ⿴˼ɲģ֣ȫܹٴ꣬Ҳ޺ˣ
οԼ
ðɣ˵˵û׼Ұﲻ㣡˵
ҶЦҵ˲ıԴ
һ仰ðӳС죬ĶҶ㣬Դʲôڣĸ֮ڣ
Ǭ½űԴÿһҲһбԴбԴбԴеıԴǸ֧š
˵ҵ˱Դڣӵ
Ǳ֮УϵĴڣһıԴʮλܣͬʱһҶõһкѣ
ǵģڰǰȣնɱͷһ콩ʬʱҷ˿ռĲһ˿Դ֮֮׸ҵģ
Ҷ˶٣ıԴǽһģһ֮ڣҲ˲ֳ֣֮ᷢף޿ײ룬ûʲôס۾
ʦģֻȡһ㣬㹻ͻƾ磬һ㣬ָܻãɽ߲ҲܶԷҲǼߣȻǰ鱾Դ»֪
ҶЦˣЦʮֲãѾһĹԣ



İʮ һ죨ϣ
ıԴĳ˭õԽһ磬⡣
ĶˣСڲãɽԶԲãɽźĸ飬һЩΥ飬ȷ̫ˡ
ԴǺεıܹ֣һкѣ
ʦ𣬾֪ıԴѾй˵õǣҶ¶һڽ׵ݣЦ˵
ڣӵͷӦˣӦԭȴҶζ벻ģֻһЩʱ䣬ʲô棬һ̣ȫˡ
㱻ץסΣҲǷţ˱ˣ
ȵһ񶦶ĽʬѨֻʬǵãɽȣһͷʬϹţһպ
ˣΪһʬ
ȣλ˼⽩ʬǣԸפش˵أҶ㿴⽩ʬȻǿ˹ԴڣŴӦ
Ҷ㲢ģΪϼһͶ⣬ƺ˺
ʬһ˼άĶûȫʳʬʱ˼άɽǷ棬൱һʮĺͯ˵ѻ
Ҷ㣬ҪԭҶе֮ţ
ҶṲ̋ϽʬûĿɬĻҶ㣬ϣܹ֮ó
Ҷ鲻õʱϽʬȻ¶һ˿֮ɫŵùıԴ
ҶһıԴѰұԴû뵽ЩŵıԴȻһռˣҶЩ̡̾
˫֮ͫţſ֮׿磬̶״һ˿Դټ
ϽʬȻѾϢ֮䣬ԴΪˡ
ҶȻܾڰɫ
˫ҹ˫ͫ
ư죬ۿغҹ˫һԸıطҶ㶼̾Ϊֹ
˿̷ųֲԣϽʬɽƬϽʬһĨֻ֮ɫˣҪ֣ǿӶᣬǣҶһּͣóȻ֣޷õ֮Ų˵
𣬱Ǻú̸̸Ͻʬˣһ񶦶Ľʬһһ𳬼תֻǽʬˣ
˺ͽʬľ޴蹵ܹѸвУȡʬУ彩˼άٶˣ޷˼
οʬűɫʬë޷ߣӭ޾׷ɱûһߣǵ磬нʬĴڣ
ϣʬ޷ӵӵԴֻܿǰһ΢䣬ѵš
ԣ񶦶ϽʬҶҲЩ£𿴲ãɽӵնɱӵӣնɱӣ»ӭ֮֡
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һҪõԴɣ
һﾪˣһ仰ƺǴӽʬĿ˵ģΪʬǿ˼ά
ΣҲñ⣬õ֤ϽʬһĨǻ۵ĹâҶ㾪ȵǣ̿²ʮô򵥡
ܸһıԴҺ԰֮Ž𣿡˵һ֣Ҳ˵Ҫù֮󣬻ỹҶ㡣
һﱾԴҺʲô൱ƾʮһǿߣ
ʮ
һֲ֣һ£ʮͻȻ֣»½𶯣Ҷ㣬Ķˣ
˭¶޷һҺջʵ̫ˣ
ţһҺҶĿϽʬϽʬһЦóһƿӣƿƿǣһɴ̱ǵķ㴫һǺȴζĻۡ
Ҷ㣬ȴ̺ܵĿ
һıԴҺˣտտ⣬漴
ϽʬõԴͲŵˣڵȼ۽׷ԴǺãȥϽʬ޹أ
һѵĽڣ԰Ӷˡ
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ϽҪ֮ϴȥʬ壬ѾǧˣҪͻƣΨȥ壬ȥ壬ô򵥵飡вͻ֣֮ȫΪӰЦ˵
Ҷ㵭ͷȻ֪ȥķգϽʬĻȴŰɡ
Ѿ۲꣬꣬һֱڿ㣬ı㣬ڹؼʱͼı죬֪㲻ǸӢۣȴسŵˣȻʣ²꣬ҲûкôΪĶޱȵʥ࣬ҽʬһȫ㣣
ϽʬȻҶɻ̽͵
漴ȻˣٿϽʬǽӲ壬µݣѪдϣ޾ֶΣǶʧˣ֮ţָһ·
ǣҪ֮ţαùԴҺƾʵֻˣҶͰ֣˭Ķ֡
٣ô򵥣ҸҶǳ֣µĽƻ˲ҷ𣬷򣬺ٺ١˼ЦЦ
£Ҷȫ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿Ҷüͷʵ֮ţıҲպ£ıǮƾ֮ţΪһͨԻ۷ĵ·
һֱߵֱûһΣһ
Ҳᵢʱģһ꣬꣡κӡǣֻ򣬲Ͻʬ¶ϲЦݣƺ죬ܰ⽩Ӳʬ壬ʬëһɹɿɶĳ
Ҷ˷ܵĴӦˣһûᣬһﱾԴҺԼߵˣһ죬ڴս֮УܸõıԼ
мᶨ֮ŷ˳Ͻʬȴ֣صؽ˹ȥ
Ϲһ֣ص֮ɹͻƾ֮һ赹ԣͻʬ֮ʱҽ飡
򵥵һ仰£ӰʧҶĿһϱڣҲ޷֣ϽʬҪбչˡ
ˣҶ˷ܵЦӾȻЩ״Σ̫ˣ̫ˣǲñڣ͵õ˱ԴҺ
ǺǣҶЦˣһıԴ»㲻θڣΪҶħϢ֪ѾƹضˣԭͨѾ˿̩ޡ
ܵˣĸףҶ磬֬ѩģϹݼҶ·ŮҶֺϣЩҪԴҺ¹Щ˾Ͳˣ
ҶħҶ㣬ԹıԴѴѾãҶΪǴȥһЩԼ£ǧ˶ӣ̿ͶӵȣҪԴ
ԣ̶֮ڣռ



İʮ һ죨£
ʲô㻹ҪȥӾˣû뵽Ҷ㻹ҪռҶ֮ԥˡ
ȷʵ˽ˣҶ㲻һˣԼļˣҪͻƾ磬գҶһ𣬽̶
һ߲ɼԴһܹõĸ
ıԴǺīɫģͬī֭һѷ֮͸һīɽˮʦֻСĽīˮط
Ҷˣþطī֭ԼΪ
ʱգ۶Ҷˮ״һľƷݣ׺֮󣬺Ȼһˮˮˮױܿˮ½ûκ
Ҷ㣬ǰӣˣɼҺ俿ҺһһԱѵķ򸾡
ʱһţһʱգ۹ȥҶͷëëڲڵģȴȻˣ̶һʱ䣬ǵΪųĽ
һ֮ǰҶܵնɱʮ֮ǿߣ죬֮ǿߣ²һָ֮У
սǴʮ屶սʮ
ʮսһֲ֣һ£һȭϱĽӣʹýӵı䣡
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Ҳ˿żͰ࣬ɼҺƾŹѹи򣬶ϣҺӣУֿ֡
Ҳȥ˳ߵ£һŮʱҶ֣۾ʵ²˭
СȤСϷҶ㽥ϲڵģȴ½ս֮󣬵۷ķ羰֮Ը֮ͻӣԼİһ
ʱúܿ죬գ۱ǵ꣬ҶʹһıԴҺûκͻƼ󣬷ӣı仯ԽԽԣҲܵϱڣһ£ʱ޿̲ٳؿڡ
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չصĸµʱ򣬰ڸܵϱ֮£֮ͻǰףð˷ܲѣ
ãҲϻһԴҺУ˿һᰵݳޣһıԴҺ㹻ͻƾˣ˺ķʮʱ⡣
ʮԴ˵գ֮䣡
ǰӣɲô˷ʱ䣬Ϊ࣬ǲɼһﱾԴҺ
˵ԴҺֵǮҶһȱڣ©͵ͰһԴҺǰʮ
ԣĲɼ൱Ͻʬռ
һ죬е룬죬һİӣԸԳ磡
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ӻȻ仯ׯϢһʥ࣬Ͷ֮䣬ֲֿϢƺժǳܹأƾԼԸ۸ıԴ
Щκ˵顣
ҶҲЦˣΪӼͣ뵽ԼжЩơ
ˣһԴҺȴһ죬ƺʮңԶԽԽơ
ҲҪŬŶӰЦӰҶ˲
Цŵͷӣӿ̿࣬ɼҺĹ˰ӣŵıչأ֮С
ͻƣѾһ꣬һ죬ҶżУտտĹԣһϵļ顣
ǰЩӣӽԼĵȫڸҶ㣬ҶѪĸоָֻоʵ̫ǿңȴ־ǿ֮£ױˡ
죬ָоѪеļ¶һĶϣȽȽ
Ȼһ죬ˣ
ҶȻվ𣬹ЦһڵıԴҺȥľԪ˲˼£ҪҩΣֲҩײڣ޾ֲ
Ԫһ̣ʮ꣬һһ꣡
ԪҪͨܣǿʵ̫࣬ЩҪڣЩ
ٳɶ࣬ɳյĻڱ޾ֲ˽յĳɼ
֮ǰ𣬵˰׻֮󣬱ǵ˰˰𣬶ڣȻһǧ
Щÿһ𣬱ܻ֮ʮֲֿ
ͻˣ
ϲĿҶ㣬˺ݺݵӵһá
һ̣ӱ۳⣬ϣһ̣ܹ㣡


ˣˣǽѾˣ᲻ˣŭĿգѪۺʱֱ飬ƺʲô鶼޹һ
£ɴɺĺۣ֮ɫֲ֣ƽɽˣԾ޷ƽеŭ
ߣҪˣҪʬǻǶţȥǣȾһҲ档
Ȼ£˭ӵӣһֻһνȵĻᣬһֻһΣĻһ
ź£ѪȣȫȥˣǵĻѾȥԣڲٴνȥ
ΨţҶ
ȻȴҶʮֳʱ䣬òлȣ֮ǰͿܺһսѲ²⡣
Ҷʤ̫Сˡ
ǣ죬Բһ
ˣȥǶˣҶһһʱ˵ıѪһֲǴ˵еѪȣô˵ĸ顣
µͷΪе
˵ʱ޿̣Ϊֶ룬ԪƳϣ֮;գû㹻İ֮·̡ܶ
ԣ߶ʮڷܡ
ܲ׾
ȥרȥˣʣѪȣһԣӥӣĹԡ
ȥ֮һɾȵıϣͬɽʱ鿪ֻӰӿ̤һһŮͯŮ
Ҷ㣿
Ѫ¶һĨ֮ɫ˿̣Ѿ͸ҶΪˣȴڵһʱ䣬֪ͨ£Ǳչ֮е£۾Ȼ¶ɭȻ̵Ĺâ
ţû뵽ֻèҲãǸµĸǰҲûʲôϢңҵĹһһڷԣ
ҶЦ֮ǰڳƱϣĸ£иŬԸԳһ죬Ƕ߳ȥʱ򣬽ſڣȴǵĳ֡
Ҷ㾪ȵǣ徹ȻڽӲҲûʬëû˽ʬеͬӤһļŰ˴Լһ㣬ҶһϽʬƤ


˼ͬʱģһţдˣֻֿܷˣģǺǣղ£



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ͨŬȥʬ֮޳ȻΪǸһ¥죬˿̣Ҷ㿴Ҳеһѹеѹܴ
֮ڣһҶе³ſֲŰ߳ȣǡÿѪȶˡ
ǲǷˣԲѣкһҶ㣬ֲĹâ
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һߣ΢΢ҡȻһֲȽ֮ڶһĲҺ˳
Ѫɫ䣬־ĶҶ㡣

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Ҫ֪ѪȲ۷壬ҶУǺͯһ㣬һ֣һ㽫Ƚסĥ
ô˵һ⣬ȫھȪ֮£ҶɭȻЦţȴʱѪֲѹѹҪըˣѿƤֲѪҺ
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ѪһѪһӹҶǰɫĻϴһ˫ӱôĿҶ㣬Ĺȥһˣ
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ҶЦͬһ㣬÷Բ޾ƺǿ߿һĻ𾪣ҶһЦȫŵջߣҲ￴һۡ
Ҷ΢΢𣬶԰ӵʦ㵽һϢȥ½ңþòҲɽˣ
Цȵɣģ治Ǻķ񣡡
ȻгһŶѪɫ磬һͬ꺮һĴڣͻȻ٣µӳŭ⣬ǰһ̣¶ӳɢˣ£ȴһ˾
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˵ʹˣǰҲҪ԰ڣƣҶ㶸ȻһɳȻѹ˴ţ֮͵ը鿪
ź飬ư磬ֲ֣
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ȻҶһʤõսΪǣ
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ħ֮צһצҲ֪צ˶ˣڣһצ£ƺҪҶƬ
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꣡꣡
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Ȼӷ֮УһѪ˫̱ˣĻҳ·鲻ӼΪǱ¶һĨ־塣
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ԵҶ㣬ѵԵдҵʵǿ󣬾ҪӵɽѵҲдûʵҪǿʳ͵ûʵʲôƨߣƨ磡ҰԵҵʵȻʤΪΪܣףǰҲһֻϣһֻЩɱЩˣһĶ
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۹һͷҲƲ⣬УһŮΣϣһԵĻͰ֮·ҾͿ޺ˣ



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м٣ҶЦȻ֪Ϊƾκ˼ȣǲŹˡ
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Ҷͷ׾Ӷʱɫ˲üΪѿҪָҺٳҺѾɢ澭ˡ
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񵶣޲ڣΪ⵽죬һ



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سӸҶ޾ľϲвѵķƳʱռ䣬Ҳ˵һ꣬һ졣
ѧǵһ仰ʲôʱʺϡ
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Ҷ㣬Ҷĵ˼ȫ֮УѰͻƵ겻Ҷ㣬Ҷ˦˺档
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ٸݺߣЩΪ죬ձʮ£ǵ޾Ǳܣ˿̣ǵĿ͡
ҶħŶɻʵ̫鷳Խ֧ȫƳ˿ܣǲֻۣҪһͻ־壬һɵס
ȻҶħġ
ɲʲôɻ̫鷳е㲻ס
ְ취ֻǵľʣȴǺˣû˼ά֮󣬾ͱһᱻţԣǿޱȡ
£ҶùϢΪǷϴ裬ĲиŬڣȫ򿪾磬ħ֮
ҶýǷµ飬͵ɵ֮Уڽڻ£Ҷ֪֮ǳ½ȫȻһò
ֺϸǴҩ󲿷ָЩʹãһǾһö̺Ź⾳ĵҩȻüЦ
ԣһеʮ˳
Щȫ֮Ҷ㳣һĿ⿴ʥأһ֮ǰӦϹڣף
ڣ׵ӵˣ
ҶڸŮ֮󣬱̤ʥصọ́Ȼ֪ԼǷŮ࣬ڵʱԽԽһ㵢顣
ŮҲʾ֧֣ΪҶ㽫ԼԤиŮǰһľ仯ĳλǿߣ׿ڸģĸ֮½ᱬս
ȻҶĻȻȫţԣҲʼæµΪյæµΪպ쳤ؾá
Ů˶ƶʵģΪ֪ҶҪȥףϣŮرշţҶ롣
ֵһǣҶĵڶ죬æµ֮УͱӻϲϲԲˣ޵ζҶˬˡ
ڳʽҪоٰ죬Ծʱǳˡ
»֮УҶ㼸춼ӵķ䣬ȻÿҲҪй£Լţ֬ѩϽҶرϣҸᣬͬߣ
ֻϧһͬߵĻᣬˣΪҶ㾹ȻҪŮףñӽ˺þãһŽҶ´ȥ
ĺ֬ѩҲòȥĻᣬûжʩб֬ѩͬˣץҧŪҶЦԷǡ
ͬߵϣòƳ١
ҺֺǸùٱʱҶ㡣
ȻʱĽӴоҶǸˣԣҲĳҶӰӡ
Ҷ㴳ķʱĸȴͬС¹һײͣգҲûӦҶʲôֻίڵϽһҹ
Ҷֻ𣬶ȹҹ
˵ǣĺ֬ѩбӣڵսͣҵõҶ㴫ڸֹս飬ڱԴҺİ£սﵽʮ
ȻҲ˫޵ĹЧ
˫޵֮˵Ҳҹҹɫ
ʥأλǬɴ޵Ķ˳ΪĵĵطϹţﲻǶĵıԵǴս֮󣬶ı飬㱻ʥصռݡ
ҶǴ֮ƾһ㣬Ų̤ʥصɽš
һɻֺ룬ϣɣϢҶĿ¶һĨɫʥأĸɷĴ֣ư磬ͬݺݵԿ棬ù֮ˣеֲĽ⡣
ÿֲ⾳Ҷ΢Ŀⱻʯڱе磡



İʮ 
Ҷгһ˿Ĺâݺһһŵ״ɣ˾ȵǣȻ⾳
ףһĿʥصĸ֣Ȼҡı۵䶯
꣡
һԻҶڣǹâײһ֮֮ڣɲǼ䣬֮Źâɣǵõôˣ˸ӡ
Ҷ⾳˳վʥصɽ֮ǰĿдһ˿Ц⡣
ãɽ̫ϳϣҶǰݷã羪һ㣬ʥ֮죬ֲȻըɢǸ͵ˣ嶼һ
ÿֲʵҶ㣿̫ϳϣΪʲôҴ֪ãɽһֲ̫ϳϣ
һϮۣ˫ĿǣʲǸˣ
ʥ֮£һ̣ʥص˶סˡ
Ҷһɤӣ֮ĿֲϢ˺ɽչصʥصʦʥصĵǷˡ
ʥеĵȫŮӣһߴߴ߿
Ҷ㿡ʲݣ˸һĨĴ⡣
ǿﰡܼ޸޺ˣ
˭أǿһܰʦΪܼ࣬޸ˣ㵱СҲĸԸ

һסʥغɽɽ԰ڵϹͻȻһ᲻˳૵ˣˣһˣˣ
ҲҲһҽ޾ĳ֮У˵ҽҲ̵ļסҰɡ
⴦ҿ˵ʮֱ£մ½˵ϰף᷿֮⴦լԺȴǸ᷿Ժ
ϹĵλӦþסһԼĹǣֻǾסڻ԰ڣȻǴӷˮǶ˵ﷴǸۼ֮أǸõط
£ĳֽǶƺˡ
˿̣ϹĿ⳯ɽŴ˹ȥ
ǺˣΪɽſڴһ۵ġӡɫϣд߳Ȼƽ
ҶЩȣʥصƽӦŮˣôˣ
Ŀһʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ⡰ˡüΪòƤ۵Ĳң򢴦ҲûкᣬҲƫԣ

ҶԺбĳһʻ㣬ٿλƽȷˣʥصƽ𣬿»Ŀһö
Ҷ㣬ǲãɽ̫ϳϣǣ
ܣڵ촽죬³̴֮Ҷüͷһ壬ֻʥصƽ𣡡
Щʣܿ죬Ҷóһ֧򣬵ݸܣǰ׾ԣѸ¡
ԭҶϣ飡ͷһϾҶʵ̫ˣ¶һ֣ĲţҶһλ̫ϳϣܡ
˵ҶŶܽʥصʱѾʮĸ긾Ůÿһ˸ſֲĹâȻЩҪô̫ϳϣҪôʦ
ĿһĲǲ죬ǿģҲֻһ죬ࡣ
ĿλͣƬ̣漴ǳһĨЦݡ
£Ҳɣ˵˵һ룬в˵ɫʮѿ
Уһ긾ŮŻɫȻһȣĿͬǣ˺һϣҶȴüͷ
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ŮûбȥΪѾĶͣοѾˣΪһ仰ȡԼ
긾Ů˵ţǰĴ½ϣҲźպΪŴɢ֮һ
ʲô
ҶһɫȻɫĿޱȡ
֮ǵļ£ѾԵ˽ԼİŮ˶ߣ
ҲУ
˵ʲôƶԼͬ𣿡Ҷסеŭɨܣżˡ
ȻʥصλüߣһλʦЩ̫ϳϣƽ𣬻ÿɫ
ͬ⣿ʥصʦе½Ҳͬ⣬ұһĨ̹ǵɱʹҶɫӱˡ
ʥȻˣΥɣߣŮȨοʥʮ꣬ҪرˣѵУһ̫ϳվЦ˵
ȻҶϣǲãɽĳϣҲܲʥصļ£ҶҪڴͣȻӭҪֹλٺ٣Ǿͱǲ֪֮ˣ
һ̫ϳվϴŵЦ
ҶĿһ˲˲Ķⳡʮĸǿߣ˿ɫ
Ҷϣ㲻Ը⣬ΪţҲȰɡһ̫ϳ΢΢һ̾
ѾˣƽڣʮˣȫĮϹΪȥ
һ̱Ϲ
Ƕôģѵʱ򣬾ͻͦ棬ά棿Ҷ⿴ǰڵ긾ŮĿ
긾ŮɣҶ㲻Ҫּµ̫ϳϣǧɣ˽лԴ䡣
ȻͦѾȥظĵ
𣿡ҶͻȻЦЦݾڿһȺСϴһ㣬ǺãҪ㸶óɣ
ʲôһ漴ЦСӣĪʧķ裿
㲻֮٣̫ϳϣǲãɽѾˣëͷСӣҲ룬Ҳãҳֽѵѵ㣬֪ʲôˣ죡
ЦҶ㣬һ˿Ϸ֮ɫ
ߣ
Ҷɨʮ̫ϳϣͻȻһޱߵ屬Ʒǡ
ɫȻһ䣬˫ϳֲִͬСһ̳˲ǵϴһӴ˹ȥ
꣡꣡
ֻ֮Ȼһޱѹ¡һɱ˹Ȼһˣ߻ǿߣѹʱ׵壡

Һǵ徹Ȼ˺ƬȻ־Ļɡ
Ҳ벻ҶʵǿһûʽûУǿĴ˹ȥ̫ϳϱ˺Ƭ
Լȴ˰һֻڱȸ
٣˵ˣҪ㲻ǴԲѣ˵ԼΣڣҪȥ㲻Ҹұ֤ʥؾڽ죬ͻ᳹׻𣡡
Ҷһֺݺ£۵һһѪͬһݺݵ׹ȥ
¡
ŵأĹͷƺˣǣһţȻҶûɱ
ǻŵ˲ȣҶٶʵ̫ˣûκζͰ˴ˣ˺ĳϣһ֣ͽ˶סˡ
㣬дſŲͣѪۿͲ˵ɣָҶ㣬ֱ
ߣǳͷʱ򣬿³ҶЦһתɣɭȻҪǲӦһ֮
֮ɸոմӵҲٳһζˣΪζʵֲ̫ˡ
ס֣ſóɵķѣŭһ嶸ȻɲǼ䣬λܣ˲̤ȭӰƹ⣬Ȼɱ˹
ߣƾҲҴ𣡡ҶͻȻ˻һָۣһһ͵شһѪȻը
֮ǿߣ˲ѿ˭û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼǿ˹նɱ֮ǿߣͬ̽ȡһ򵥡
ͣ
һߴ˻ŵϣţ徹Ȼڿֹͣסˡ
ĻǲǸҶ㶸Ȼɴ۾ӿƽԶ¡һײڴͭ¯ϣͭ¯ײ÷ȥ
ɣȴѪڴڵ˳
˵ƺȻʮֻоԪ˲룬ԭ긾Ůģڶ̶ɲ֮䣬ͱ˰׷ԲԣеԪȻ˲롣
ɿˣһΣˣΪʲôһֲĴڣУ񶦾Ĵܣȴײ˻ֵǮͬвһ㣬նɱǿߡ
ҪҲҪҴˣҴˣ˴ңңɹڵأûһϵİ
һ̣ŵļˣ־ĹâǶܸǻʧɫҶ㣬þ˵һ仰
ѣסְɣһǸڽ䣬ȻһŮӣϴһ˿įһĨ𾪡
ȻҲˡ
ԭʥضĻɫղŽеǿӲôͻǹģǶɫΪҪ𺣣ѵΪ۸ûпɽ
ԽԽֱ󣬾Ȼһ̣ʥصķȫը飬ֲʥصشɽ壬°ס
һ̣Ļ̻̣ϵˣɫҲʮѿ
ĸŻʲô⣬ȥĽȥɣҶһͬĥһѹ£һҽ֮ɲǼ䣬ûϢ
ǱڰеĻţʱסˡ
ζû뵽ܣˣҽжûзǺεȿֲΪ
㣬Ϊһǿߣ㣬㾿ϹʲôˣŴʧɫɫѿ֮Ҷ㣬Ҳš
ˣҶĿݺݵģһͣı󣬻Ÿоذʶ

һĲҺ˳ǾϵĹı˽Ƭ̣žͻΪһӣһķӣ
Ȼ̵ǣΪӵʥĸݻɵ
ѣŹţҽϹ㣬еĻԼϣΣʥصĵһʦЩż˵
֧Ϲ¼ޣǴҶһ仰û˵ڣҶΪȫˣȻ֡
Ϊ֪ҶĶ֣ٳ֣ʥڽһ߽⣬ԣһֱͣʹĿԼ˵ӵ£ȴֻܺ͡
ڣˣıݺݵһ
ͨ
׹ڵϣɫòҰޱȣٴ۾ʱ򣬱ð޹⣬ûһâۿ˭ٺɵЦ
ˣΪʲôãҶһѽץ˹һڣֹסŷλҶ㷢Ůӣһ죡
˵ţҲԷشת֮ŵΪ׹ɵ֮ڡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ϊǣ̶Ƭ̣ľ磬û뵽һжΪϹԵʡ
㣡
һȴżְŮӣڴ֮ǰˮҶɲǣһ˹
һˡ
˲ǱˣϹһϹ



İʮ սǰ׼ϣ
ԴϹ㱻˸ܣ˵һ˲岻˹ܹھԸøҶ㣬֮Ϲн
Һͷ绪ŵʦ£绪ŵʦѾһǧٶˣϹڶˣֻʥǿж»Լ
ԼѾ°֮꣬󣬱ǶԷӭȢ֮ա
Ҫ˵ǰǶ϶ϲܷģϹʦŵĻȻʦǰѾˣУʦ棬ҲʥصһʦҲǰˡ
֮ΪʥŮϹ˲ʧƣ˿ʼƷвˣʺʥŮ֮λѣ£ϹжȥʥŮ֮λһͨĵӡ
ңסˡ
ǣҵĻϹݼϹһϻţ³ңĳϣҶͻƵĳϣɡ
ݼͲˣڻɽĽ֮ļ尾
Ҷݼܿ࣬ʱŭֲܾĿ⣬һ
ݼһͷҾȥһֲ꣡ƣö¶⡣
㣬ſƽ̣ûңһˣϹһһ澪ҶĿֲΪһ棬ǸоҶʵ̫Եˣгۡ
ϣеԾδȥĿ⿴һʦӡ
ȥɣô˵Ǿôɣε³һĵ
ʥس׵ˣܣȫˣҺҶ㲢ûΪɣպҲһλһĴܣҲܼʦ֮λ
г˰ûڣΪʲôҪŵĻʥŮ֮λֽĽֻܹ֣Ǹ벻ǸȾˣΪǿ
ɣڰˣоܺ𣿡Ҷüͷŵ
ȻǸ˽һ̣˶סˡ
㣡ӴʧɫĿˣû
ǰûһ̾ͻȻЦʦãʦˣ˵һʦǣ𣿡
𾪵ǣ˾ȻгΪʦá
ҶɻϹгෲǳӵ֣һʥأаŮװû˿ʱѾħ֮
Ҷ㰵զ࣬ڳෲŮ˶ͷʵִų̶ȣ˷ָ
¶һĨãෲۿ÷ȥּ֤ʦĴͷ֤֮סʥصӣ
Щ̫ȨˣߵֱѾҪˣѵ㻹ûܵãɽ˹ѧԺ칬ȴͬһʱ䣬ȫرɽţɽŵӳ룬ѵ㻹ûܵǵڵƽǱǰǰף
ӶȻһ𣬲ŵĿųෲ
ֻЦ㻹Ϸ绨ţɿЦķˣͼ½٣ȵǳռ̵ʱСһǰɣȹؼʱ̣Ǻ޲ýȫ׳ǲɽ󣡡
ʲʲô˵ЩʲôǴ޷赲ԭ򣬷Щ̰ļһô³̽ȥĶЪ˹صŭ
˵Ը񣬾ǶʲôΪ棬Լ˼ЩŵĻԣҪΪʥؿĹ
ֻȴෲ״ˡ
ʦ֮ǰѾһȫˣеصȺͰϣϹйˣд˹ȹкѣЦǾȻ޸Ǹϲļһ˵ЦϼһﱬȫǱֲסһָ
ෲҶ㣬ľһҶѣϹ飬ʥصĲǣΪ⳥һϹݼʥ֮Уȡɽֻ֮һ󣡡
Ҷǰһʥһţɽ֮Բˣ
УӶȻȵѾˣɽ֮ʥشڵĶ׸ˡ
޳ȥĹóȥˮ
Ϲ޳ȥҶˣҲʥصʥŮһͨĵӡ
죡˵㣡ෲȻֲƣ˼徹Ȼסˡ
ɽ֮Իһֻʹ֮󣬳Ѻۣԣؼʱ̣ǧҪãෲ͵ȴ֣ص˵ҶѣһҪӦңٶȹ֮󣬿ܻῪµļԪ¼ԪУһҪϹʥأ֮
ϹһϣҲҶ㲻Сʱʦ簮̶꣬
ȻȻҪС
֮УѾܵˣ½²̫ƽˡ
ãҴӦ㣡Ҷ㾪̾ڳෲ۹⣬Ļ½ϺܶѾˣҲûʲôϾսѾ޽ӽˡ
£ʣ£
лһƺҶĳŵʮƶ
绨ŵ飬һҪԴСʱ֮ϣෲѪȥ˵Ҫͷ绨ų׷
Ҷ㵱Ȼֵÿ֣̳ҲҪ죬ڼҲǴţ絽绨ҵӣȾָҵŮˣѾûдȥıҪˣ
ȫһȻҶ֮󣬲ෲȴûһ֮ɫ֣صĵͷãҶɱϷ绨ţෲԸһǰ
ãҶЦʱݼѾˣɫЩ㲣Ҷ˵һĻҶ㽫뷨˵һ飬ݼɬĿһۣͷгۡ
ͳȥɣϣ̳йǧҪżǻʱ䡣ҶϹͷתݼݼ㣬һľ֮أͻƣ
£ҶݼͻƣҹʱݼѾһ֮ǿˣҶû£ıԴ˰ݼһ졣
ɫѾҶҲûгɣͳෲһ绨Ž
ͷ绨ŵìܣҶͻȻЦˣˣһеı仯ʵ̫ˣɣھͬһ㣬Ľ¡
ʲôӵʦûеֹҶһָ㵹ضˣ绨ųڴ½ĨеıչҶС
Ҷ㾪ȵǣ绨žȻҲһڹֻѾƲˣٲƣҲǹ
֮
֣ͽ֮
Ҷ㲢ûԼУǽݼֻ̳δսԱ֮
ݼ˵ʱӯҪ֪жˣΪһɱӣҶ㾹ȻһޱĹ½϶Ҳı͸ܲҶ
Ҳûʲô;º󣬸ĴŴ򿪵ʱӰͻ΢΢Ǹʱ򣬹ŻŹ⡣
ڵҶ˵ĵĲԼԼļǣΨž޴ıϣûк֮ǣȫɱУҵ


֮ϹݼͬʱƹضŮУҶ¶һĨοЦݣ֮ŶŮǰãɽ
Щ죬ҶħѾæˣ˵ӣҪ󼫸ߣԲһһϦܹɵģҪҩ֧ţԼգҹϢ
ҶعʱӵѵѾ죬Ҷ㿴֮󣬰Եͷ
죬ֵܣ˷ֱ齨һ֧ǧ˶ӣ֧ľ飬ǿߴ죬ܿҲ״̬
ҶҲûпǵӰȻռ
ʱãɽҲı˲ԣ״ӣȫһʱ䣬ֵĲãɽࡣ
ŵȻûнĲУȴһα
Ҷ㱾ͨڣѰҹԪ⣬ͨرգҶֻܼȴ΢İȫ
ȴսռϻȫը飬Ǹʱ֮ܽͨڡ
ǰ죬ţϷ̣ܷܷٴãɽ˶ԴҺߣǸҶϢȴǾ޴ġ
ƺ½ս״̬
ŴĴ壬Һͳ̼Ѿϣ̼Ǩ㣬ʵΧܿͨͨͨ򿪣Ŀֲǿ߽٣ܻ̼
ҶҲչ֮УҶϸ庢ӣȻҶҶ·һˣúܶˣΪ̵Ҷϣźӣ粽롣
ȺӵĸףҪӡ
һ죬սһ£Ҷӷ绨ŵõĻѾģûнһ۷˼
ͻȻҶ㴫һ˿Ĳ
Ҷ㣬ҹΪѾﵽ˶죬¾۷ѾԶӡ
𣡡ΪСȴҶһ
޾֮УһˮɫϢΪǿ󣬾񶦶ǿߣǰ㲻ʲô룬ܹõһܽһ磡
ҶҶ㶸Ȼһ
̲ԴִδǺֲ̲֮˲ġ
Ҷ˵򣬾һž޴˵
Ǻˣ
Ѿ˷ˣ˵ʵ㻹ǿ֣ȷӶǺˣҶĻУһ˿˷ܡ
˿˷ܣҶϣǼѳֵġ
ãҶ¶һ˿ĵЦݣһ°£㹻ˣ
޾ǿ֮УȺ˸漫ΪһɫӰӣٶȼ죬ŲÿһԾ
ǴܵʵԽǿգ
ȻıһΧȴһŽΪµ򣬰ջ֣ĳǵǡ
ϿӿݣѾ˵ĺۼֻ֪ʲôԭʧˡ
һͼ
ҶжһµҶ㣬һǵĺ棬۷ž⡣
ܶˣûҶӰÿѵʱҶ㶼ֳʵȹѹأҶ㣬ȴδ
Ը֣Ҷ㵱֡
ˣһ򵥵ĻУȴһ˿ж
½սѾҪˣҶ㲻Ǭ½򣬷ð˵أ˵ΣܶΪһ塣
ʱ䲻࣬սپҶͷаһ֮Ǻˣ
ȻҶŵͷҶ¶һĨЦݡ
Ǻ˵ˣɲֹҶһһ۵ߣǵ۾УһĨĹâ
˾ȵǣ˾Ȼ񶦶ǿߣʵ˿Ҷ㣡
ŷȣϵ˼£ʱγһҶ΢΢üͷΪ֮£ý
ģ϶QһᣬЩɱʡºܶҶЦˣЦһֻꡣ
һǰҶ㴫ѶһԴ֮УһͼıԴˣΪûдԲŴöǺ˵⡣
ߴͬķӡҶ㿴ޱȣ񶦶ܣһֹͣת
񶦶ܣ
гһ˿֮⣬ͬʱ߬߬ȭͷһҪöǺ˵õлһ۷֮ˣ



İʮ սǰ׼У
ħɢˣħܣħ
һΣͻȻܵλӡϢиԳûħ磬Ǭ½ֻոս٣ͱһȺֲǿ׷ʹ
ҺΪŶһ٣ǿӵҵǣʱһܹɵǺˣˣҩ
ڴ򶷹Уħʧ룬ҩһգԿǺˣ˫۷Ź⣬ȲʩչӡҪǺ˾ΪС
Ǹͷ㣬Ǻ˽ңܸܵǺһֲĴڣֻҪǰպʱһж⣡ҶһЦ
ѾǸֻ֪ˣıԣѾˣħɢˣǱϾ񶦶ǿߣҶ»Ƕ֡
ϵĿֲڣܹҶӣҶ㣬͸ɣ
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񣿣ħɢ˵һܵϾҵʹֻ֮ɫʱˡ
ֻʮףԡһһֻһ㣬ֻȴһ𣬶ǵ绡׵֮⣡
ԭҶ˼ĵͷֲɫģƷˣ׵֮⣬ĵطȴ׻֮Уˮ
ᰮˮȴûһˮԣˮԽ˵͵˶
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ϼһݿܲһ㣬˵ˣôҲȥǺˣʣµĽˣҶٺһЦ˪գ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҷͷ˿ħܣ¶һ˿֮ɫʼǲӦöɻϼһܷռ
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ͻȻһתһۣ¶ŭ֮ɫȻѾԼϳռһǸֲǿߡ
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ʱţħɢ˵ʵ֧ʣµħܣҲˣһֻڳܽһʱٴα顣
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񣬿ǲɱңˣҲգȻִڴˣͺһսħɢ˵Ʒǣ֮Ҷ㣬¶־֮ɫ
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ҶڰУǺ˵ǰ˫Ŀ˸տտâһС̵Ǻһ֮󣬾¶֮ɫ
ವһ£Ҷ֮ڣɲǼ䣬ҶľԪԽԽֱ࣬󣬺¡һƺҪűˡ
񶦶۷ıԽԽӽˣҶȴżأǽֳһ룬ͨ괫ݸҶ㡣
ʱСٴγ֣ǺҧһڣΣڣǺһ룬Ĺâʱ
ӱŭˣΪѾ϶ͷͬϳˣԹԽԽͣ첻Ҫˣƺɱ
ħɢ򰵰п࣬ΪǺ˵ű˿ֲΪҲᱻƵҡ
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ҶٶԽԽ죬ǺȫУΪ޽ӽĹؿڣǲ㱡ıϣƺѾסĳײˡ
һ۷壬ˣ治֪ͻ֮սﵽʲô̶ֲȣҶ΢΢𣬿ɱﵽȻĽħɢˣ泩ˡ
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Ҷ²⣬Ǻ˱Դ㹻ȱһ˿ˣܻջ
ʱħɢֳһҶһ֮£ɫ䣡
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ܿҡҡͷԾеıһǰ֮ΪսδҲ˿ûмһ㲻й¶ͻΣա
ԣ϶ħɢеİ֮һα
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̫ˣұΪУȴݣ٣ħɢˣŵħңһУѾʱϧħܣҲɱһ
ħɢ˹Ц֮ǳһ̸ڣ󣬽ӴɲǼήȥ
ҶٴˣܹΪѾķ룬һ
о̫֮ˣܹһѡ񣬻ܳһ۷Ҳ˵
ҶͻȻЦˡ



İʮ սǰ׼£
ȿȿȡۣͻȻħɢ˵ѪУѪģǽģڴڵĴŴŻѪɫòҰޱȡ
ҺѾ񶦶죬򷢻һ͵ͬھˡ
֣Լ㣬ˣĻؽ϶
һУСЫħ洫طħɢ˲ħ壬ȴСЫħɱ䣬䱦̡̤
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һˣ͵վȻҪվʱ򣬾͸о˫һݺݵĵڵϣͬʱһ˿Ѫһ֮ɫ
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ͬʱɫ֣âһħɢ˵ͷ­һתâţ˵һ£ħɢ˵ԴǱһ㡣

Ъ˹صŭţϣҲһ˿ˣʹжܣ̶Ƭ̣Ҷ㳤һ¶һĨϲɫ
ħɢĿԴͣĹڵϣҶΪˡ
ͬʱħɢ˵ΪȻɲǼȬţ̶һСʱΪػ񶦶죬΢Ҷʮ⡣
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죬Ҷ㶼Ǳ
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սʮսֱֱﵽʮ߱ҶĽ
ԪǴʮ꣬ﵽʮ޾һ꣡
ϲģĪˣȻ֮ǰһǧһǧ𣬱ͨܣֹ
ҶˬʱʼҡΣҶӰ֣ǣҶͬͻˣ񶦶۷壬治һ㣡
ħɢˣ˹뿪棬Ǭ½ħɢ֮ǰҶˣҶ֮ڣĵؽãɽ֪
Ҷ㱾Ǭ½ϾսҲ֣ڱҪʱ򣬰Ҷ㡣
;УٴηһյأҶԼһº󽫻ͣҶȻӦϾҶ·һֻɡ
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սһµʱ䣬ҶѾˣħɢһҪĹǾħܣԴٶȣһͿһ
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Ҫ֪΢λķӡɶԽλ棬Ҳ࣬οҶӴҵ۹鱨
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Բħ屻ԴԴϵ͹ħɢ̫ĵͽ׿ܣЩҲǲ̫֮͵ĶҶ˵;
˵ħɢˣ͵һֻҶ˷ܲѡ
һ񣬾Ĵӳ񶦶ǿߣְλʤΣҶЩġ
ϹݼǺģ֬ѩϹŮദǢҶȴŮ˺ݺݵһ٣ҷ½ԲܺŮȾ
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Ϊ⼸ŮѾҶס˰ˣƺŲߵɡ
ҶħǿЩµݣսãɽǿߣɱǣ̫ϳУȻûһֹһеġ
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Ҫ֪ڲУһǿߣ˾ˣûʲô˵ģҲ˵ãɽĲƴ֡
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Ҫﵽʦϵľ磬񶦶ſԡ
ҶʦϵҶʼδǣʦʮˣĶ񶦶죬ǧδֹԱ˵Ϊˡ
ʵȻûֵ֮ʱǶ׳֣ʦ֮£ʣµսԸܰڳ
ֵһǣЩӣҶΪĸף㣬ƶһµķʱеĹʼǱŮһЩļܡ
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ԣŮҶİ£ܿʼĥ
ҶҲûţʣһЩԴֳɼݣֱ͸̷ϣƣ޷λʦ⹫Щˣǡ
յҶܾȣи⣬֮Щ˶ڱԴİ£˲ľ⹫֮Ϊһܡ



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Ҷ㿪ʼԨʮλ񶦶֮ϵǿ߱չĵطȻһѵȥ
ԣϣܹԨ֮Уһʱ䡣
ȥҵ˰׾Ϊƽֵ̣ҶĲٺôв͸ҶֲȫǳֲиֺƵ鵤ҩ
Щɹͻƾ硣
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ԣʦǺܺˡ
£ҲɣΪ˷֮ţΪ׾ʮλʦϵĴϣеһλ͵̫ϳϽ룬Ҳûʲô
οа׾˵ǣֲ񵥣ˬͬˡ
Ҷ򽻴ĲãԨ֮ˡ
νԨһħħ屻ķʦһܣڲдſֲ
׼ȷ˵һ
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Ҷ㰵Ծȣ̤Ԩɲǣȵӿվٲ֮µˣ㱻һͷ
һ۵ߣָһ侲֮УǱ
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һͽķ䣬Ҷ棬ܵһɹɳײһеԼƺҪˡ
ħȻ˴󹦷治֪ЩʦǷûУҶ¶һĨ⣬ڵĿռ䣬൱ڳڱԴ֮ڣ
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ҶˣȻվ
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սǿߵģһһλǿߡ
ڴսУܹõôǿߡ


ҶҴҶͰλǶ˵Ϊߣȫһ۷壬ĺͱӺ޼Ҳһ۷塣
Ҷ磬֬ѩϹֺϣݼŮԽϲһ졣
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ҶħûгϯҶӰӣڰĳ׽֮⣬û֪ҶħĴڡ
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ΪҹǳԵģȫؼƷ鵤ҩȫֺƣõĶҶֲ¼ϡٵֲ
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ΪսҪʱƽȴǱǰƽκʱҪֲ
һ£Ǳ˲˵İȫҲպ鱨ɵת
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ʮֻǧ˶ӵĵҩӦȫ鹦ʮӡ
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ħɣǣ˵Ŀҩò𣬵ɱڣȴͣ˿ڴ½ϵһš
ʮֻǧ˶ӷֱħ壬壬Ʈƽ磬ɽ磬г۳ңȻǵĿֻСɣһǰս
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ԣ뽨һԼϳ
Ҳм뷨ͼ˹֮ͨȫˣΪ뷨ʵ̫пգûаٰʮʱ䣬޷ġ
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Ҷ֣֮ϵеĲ𣬵˵ŮİȫǣЩĲġ
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ҶҧҧȻ֮ɫһŻδƿĵƣڣҪͷұƿƣ
ɲǼ䣬ңԶʱյҶ˫ĿգɫԲ԰ףԼΪȫҶڣ֮ǰֻһС֣Ӱڣȫ
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ʲôʲôΪԬˣ֪Ҷ㾿ĿֲΪȻһ֮࣬ȻŲսҶڵҶһȣĲһΡ

ڰ޻ڰ಻סˣΪҶԬʣôһҪӡˣҶץסӡǣôûκλˣ
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Ҷŭ⾪һѾ̫˵ע⣬Ѿ˳˹ԣҶսپ
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˾һΪвǿ߱ʯҧУ۾ʯս֮ǰֲһһֵܹģ
ʯɱһҶХָʯնɱǿߡ
ǧѷĻᣬȻҪʯӶû񶦶Ĺؿ



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һ۷壬Ҷ֮ųڵľ硣
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Ҫ֪ɲ˵ģҪԵ
ҲգȻ򲻵ʵˮɽսһӶѰһ˿ҶɢȥΪңԶǿеҶ㣬ȴеõĺôһ˿ӡǵĹâȻΪֱӳ۷壬֮ϲˡ
֮䣬ҶͻȻȥ˸Ĺ⣬ʦϣˮɽ
ŵĿУѾ֪ˮɽԲǸöԸļһʦϣڲãɽ˵ֻʮˣңʦϵҪ󣬸ϸ
һṦΰ۵ʲô磬Ϊʦϡ
Ṧΰúͼ
Ҳ˲֪һҶ˵һ˵ǹˮɽģǰƺˣҪһսŶȻ
һˮɽһֵ֮ħʮ
ʮһλнïĽͳ˧ģï񶦶۷µʿĶ֮ǿߣͽƣ֮ǧˣ
һ֧ӣһ˳£һδʣνսԺա
Ҳ˵ˮɽϵķṦΰȴһ
ǹ
Ҫ֪Ǭ½ζʲôһУһü巢ˮɽȻԼõһ
̶ֲȾͿ֪ˣ
뵽Ҷ㵹һˮɽǸݽɫ˿Ԭʺħ޻Уˣ˵Ҷĵˡ
ʱˮɽɱʯвˣûɱһͷʯ᳤ЦһʾѾע⵽ҶڶԲͣĳ£
Ҷ㣬õӡΣƾ֮ܣųȥʹ־ܣˮɽ֮ò˵һ
ĿǰΪֹˣܹһĳǿߣսˣ˿ΪҶĿ³̶ȣѾˡ
ˮɽĲһǸʿͷ
Բѣ㣡Ҷһͬƽؾһ㣬ս˲žҶӰ˵һ
ÿµƣô֮ǰǿˣ
ԣǱ֮ǰˣ
٣ΪˣƱǿޱȣˮɽǶ֣
ƿһƣƾһ˿â͵ȥϣճһ˿ĹΡ
µƣ
ǹµƵĹâյµƣΪһ壬޵ʱҶ߷ˮɽҲòһ˿̣սƺҶ㣬ޣ
ƴˣ
ˮɽҧҧһζƣڶУбؽܱܱ³ȴΨһ;ԣˮɽҧһ
ͬĳһƣһƴΪûһ㻨ڣɢŹӶִϢ
֪ͬ
һŭѣγͻƺҪһһƣݺݵĴ˳ȥ
飡
¡
죬һƽӣֲ𶯣ڶ緢˷֮£𶯣ڹԪ֮УȻʼҡ
ҺãϵĴ˸Ĺ⣬ѹ
Ҷͫ͵һû뵽ˮɽȻһ֮󣬻кС
ȭŷһͷʨӣವһ£˹ƾգ˶Ȼȥâһ֣ˮɽƺݺݵӡҶؿڣ
ɱУֻ͵أҶЦ˭û뵽ͷҪɱĹͷȻЦ˿Цá
ƾƽض𣬷ǧףĵһ㣬ǵҶһĳʱ˶ʱɢһǬ
¡
һ죬ˮɽӵɵϴû뵽Ҷƾ˿ֲĿˣҶ֮УƺһöԿף
һöԿף
֮ף
˸֮£ƽһȻˮɽȴǱݺݵ˳ȥ
ۣ
ˮɽеؿƣڱ˦ȥɲǣڰ಻סһѪɫ˲ҰޱȣҶ㣬ɫϴһ˿ϲá
ϲã˵ˮɽųֵϲãͻˣ
ͷͷƾȻһ̣ܵůۣγͬһ㣬Ҷо֮ͬŨơ
һĳʱŨɢ¶һǹ˸ıʯ׼ȷ˵ӦǺˣ
ĵﾹȻǺˣˮ
ҶͷȻβסϲǺˣΪУҶڣŶ죬νǴľϲ
ˣӣˮɽһң̱ڵϣҶƴûһս֮ˣһƣȫݻ١
û뵽Ҷ㾹ȻͻƣڹؼһƵǰ£ͻ
ˣ˰պޣٸһĻᣬһƵµ˾ԲҶ㣡
ãҾҶЦһָ䣬ˮɽֻоһûϢ׶һͷһΡ
֮˾ȵǣˮɽʬҲʧˣڿǹؼʱ̣û˹˵һ˵
Ҷ֮ڣһɫҰ׵ˣͷϣһɫĻƣһâ˸͸Ժ֮ڡ
ʱɱѾ𽥽ӽβֻʣ¼ѿеĹͷҶʯ
Ҷ㾪ȵģЩȥʯʳ࣬Ȼ𽥻ָֻصģʬȴҪʱͬʱһҪĵҩ
Ҷ㿴һ֧ϲսȻ׷Ź˵ҩǺˣҶ㶼ΪŪΪЩʯʵ̫ˡ
һ֮ʯɱ񶦶ߣ
񶦶۷Ĵڣûκεǡ


Ըңʹѵ˵
ɫʮֲҰףĨԹ֮ɫɺһĴڣĶͷϣ˿̵Ҷ㿴һһ
˵ˣǱˣ̵ףֻʯ
ʯҶ֮󣬸ûһֵ˼οҶէ֪ʯԵʱ©ˡ
֪ΪΣȻˡ
һһе𶼹̵ҶϣϧͷʯҲҪҶ硣
ֻҪϽڶ㣡ʯſµĻ֪ΪΣͷʯȻ˵˼ά˿ࡣ
һ۾Ϳʲô⣬ֻĿǰ໥
ãֻҪҶôԸ⣡ҧѪ˳ĺ⣬޲ÿǣ⣬ƤѾ˼¡
ʯһۣڵ˵ͷ֮˼ʯڣ͵һ
ֻоذԼʲôˣ֮ʶȻԺȵٴ۾ʱȴֳȫ仯ˣ
һĹܿһֻֻӣ֧Ź
ǹǴУ֧ⷲţкô
ǣЩû뵽ڵѾ޳ͷԣ˫ȣƹǱ˳ȥǷˣʯҲ̫ģʯ˫ӣֻоͷһ
ʯӼΪֻʯݡ
ִ֮࣬ǰȥ
ǰʲô̲סһ䡣
ǣӭȴһ˫ɱӣ֮ݺݵһϥǣѪӿƹǱ˳ȥʯһߣʱһС˹ȥ
ȣСȺϥγһʮȵֱǣ
ʹĿҪιȥˣܷҪҶ㱨ֻˡ
֮أٸ˵Ҿڴˣ
һӿֳŨŨıʱҲһܣǺ壬ΪūΪͣҲܵȴ
Ҷ㣬һҪʩӸҵģǧٱĻңУҶĺ⣬һ֡
Ȼȥһײģܹܵײǿյģûˣ
ͨ
ʯ͵عȥ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ˣҶʮˣʯڵϣϵĵ˫УȻ̵ˮ
𾪣вͣ²⡣
ܹ죬񶦶֮ԲǼ򵥽ɫԲԹɫҪͨǿö࣬ʯʮӲҲƲײװãܲǹԪ
ԪԪĩյ㿴ˣҶʮˣҪΪҵ˱ҪңʮĳձȻ
˸ͨһµڵϣɭ׹⣬ͷһ˽ȥֲ
ȻײĲǸԪģԪҲɲǣѾԼ׻ȥˡ
ھ͵гŵʱˣʮ˸ɭȻĹâ͵ؿ
⡭ԥˣײģܸ֮ܵ£ǴӶʮоֹⲻһûᣬһֲ塣
ܣѪ޹飬Լ
ţֲĹͬһ㣬ݺݵ˹һţط¡¡֮죬ݺݵɨ˳ȥһѪ˳ֻоʹޱȡ
ѵ㲻ɱҶֻҪײģɱҶʵʮͻȻЦޱȵջһ࣬ᶨĵͷ
Ҷ㣬һҪǧУʲôѣҶҪֻҪɱ㣡
صĵ˵ͷΣҪɱҶ㣬ΪĿ꣬еһУ
ʮ΢΢Ŀվţ׼ȷ˵ǣ
ײĸƿֻоһ֮ζ
ҧҧһԾ롣

ͻȻ֮䣬ɲǣһҾ׵ĲҺ֮
ڶ֮УȻһЦ֮оͰʮ
Ϊƺĸˣ
ǿ룬ȫһҽУȻ֮еġ
Ȼ΢ĺȴĸˣжʮ¶һĨ⣡
ˣʮһ˲˲Ķǹײġ
ͻȻ䣬һͷ˳һɳĳöʮȥңǳž綾ƺ̺ſֲ綾ͨ
ͷɫĻʮţӢ˹ֳ棬һѪܵ˰̣˿Ŀģ
ԭǴӸٷ磬˿Ҷ㣬ڣȫȫһ
ǳ׻ˣ
ΪмˣڹײڵĹײģεá
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ԭԵɤӣһ̱ɳ֮һĺһ㣬˫֣ޱȣΡΡģȴ̺żΪֲ
ĳɹˡ󣬴ͨĵõˡ
ʮʱĿɿڴ¶һĨ־֮ɫ



İٰʮ 񸫣
ͨλ֮ͨµĵڶͨΪ̫߳ǧͨҼ֮ʹʧû뵽ĹײȻдŴͨ
á
˿̵û˿ʵԴš
Ŀӿݣǳһ㣬ֲĻͷȻһ㳤̣ɭȻĿ˶ʮһۣʱͷ
۵һʮĲҺУͷ;Ǹһʱŵϴһ±ѶʮڴڵĽ
ԣԣ
̶˫ӣʯеĸˣ޲
û뵽Ǹո˶ħƣոץСνʮҡ
ǳ
һϢѬĳͬʱһ
¡¡֮죬ڵϣͬݼһ㡣
Ҷ㣬Űɣһ㳢̷ֲ˷ޱȣԼӣٵˡ
ǣںΪ˱ʲôں
ãʶ࣬ͷһ·Ҵйޱȵϣݣȴҵ
ĸ˴һѵ˳˹Ϣʮ΢Ȼá
Щȣˣֻ˵
ˣǱӡʯڣҹܵʴǵΪ׻ķˣΣΰץҪֲǵľѪܻȥ
վмļһҧ˵
ߣǷһ͵شһȦϣ׳
лˣ
ͬʱݶ£Ǹоõƺص۷壬ֻϧǵ۷òֻһ죡
ˣҪκ˴ңҪȫմͨҶ֮գЦ˵ĶУȴëȻʮֲֿ
﷢һУҶ㲢֪ͳ˧ʯڶ
ĵڶ㣬ڵĵڶ㲢һΪڶ㱻Ϊǧռ䣬ֻЩռڣֻ󷨣ûˡ
ҲǹżΪ˵ֿõĴ
Ҳ˲֪ҶȴܵˣԪУƺ㲻ʲôΪڵڶǧռ֮ڣ¾ϰ
ֻϧЩ۵Ĵڣƶڶ㹥Ҫʹá
ֻڵڶ΢ͣѣĿ꣬ǵĴ󸫣
Ǵɲǣ㿴һȻڿ֮ʱбʮּϣ󸫾ΪС
ڵ㣬ǷƷȻǹԪڡ
Ҷ˦һ֮ˣһȣӵڶ֮Уҡֱϣֱӽ㱦֮ڡ
㱦⣬ֻаʮƽ״Сûκֻһ׳Ĵӣ
ѵǾ𣿡޻ҧҶһлܣʮֲǰվԬʣۺ͸˰ԣʫغԶһɷļһ
ɷҶ㲢֪ΪһֱͬӰһĴڣǿ߱ʯʳ֮λɷȴĻΪȻλǿ߻Ҫ
ֻԣԲ˹ע
һۣɷΪʣ˲ʮˣʮˣȫǸ羫ӢھȻʮˣʮַ̣
٣ߵв£ȫ䣬ֻʣЩ˾ȥⲻһ𷣣ΣƴһҵõԪ⣬»ص壬Ҳһϯ֮أȽӿڡ
ħĹӣǧǿߣһ룬ʣµľӢȴȫصѮңպӿ¾Ͳùˡ
ˣҶٿ£Ҳǿ־ɳǣغԶߵؼ棬ʱ֮£͹һҶ㣬лһ˿ӡ
ʯ֮ˡ
λΪߺͣһһ۷壬һǶ죬죬ͻƣĿãΪ񶦶죬ѵǲо𣿡ڵۡ
ħĹһֱ͵ˣҶ棬ȴһλû˵ǣܸоɭĿ£
һ㾹Ȼ˭û뵽
ȻѾջͷˡ
֣ƾ֮ôܵеùԬʺ޻֣һ㣬ʱʧɫڵѵ˽
֮ɫ䣡
Ҷƺһˣòһµĺ̨ܹմ侫ԪǺεȵΪ
һ̣ðһµͷıվһ
ˣһһµ˵󣬵Ѿˣ۵Ļò˵һ
ǡ
ȥһҪȥ³ңԬŭһɭȻʲôˣֻҪûеõԪ⣬Ƕһ֮ߣһǿΣܴڸҶΪ֮ˣֿеĻһ죬кξ壡
Ļʿ
͵վտտ⣬ƴˣɱر⣡
һ̣־ɳΨи˰ԣһĨɫ
ѵҪҾ֮һǸ˰𣿡칬ǿ̩ţ˿ڲãɽ
˰ԣеλǾأΪĸףһƽ̣ƽ̣ĵ׸磬䱾ʦϣǵ˿С
һŵ㣬Ǿ壡
û壬˰ԻŻʲô壡
߬ȭͷмᶨȻһҾ;һȴ飡
ڸ˰ģ˲֪Ҳ֪Ϊ칬Ȼǿ󣬵Ǻħ磬磬ʵڲ̫Զˡ
Բû̫ע⵽Ψʫ˼ݣܵ˰Եһ˿
΢ɫȻ仯ֻΪɴ˸
ʱҶѾվڴ֮ǰϵŵĹ֣񸫣
ĸֹ޻˸оһʶֵˣӲĿȥģȣЩˡ
Ҷüͷ𽥿񸫣ͻȻϢһ䣬ȻоԾϢƺҪһС
ɲǼ䣬ζȻˣһϢɫţѳɣӲ㽫УѲã
ˣҶһ鴤û뵽ڹؼʱ̣Ȼһ
òƣܶ϶ȻԽ˹ƣ
ǿĴڣֻܷԽĴڣʲôڣһˣҶ㵹һ
ԣ񸫣һ˿УóȻȥ
Ȼ֮ӡ
ҶɲǸںеˣ澳֮УȣԼ߳
ƺһڰĿռ䣬ܵһ˿µϢ
ԾⲻǻȪһռ䣡ҶɲǼоߣӵʱ䣬ʱѾ˶ơ
Ȼ֮䣬׹һƬԨĵط
ӣûһĴڣһë֮أƺŲɵĿֲǿߡ
ǶôģҶв죬ҲûбֳٻȻһ壬ܱһĵ⡣
ҶƶĿǰ
Ȼһļһ˽
Сӣ㵹򶨣ɣ߽һǸӣɫЩĮȻ
Ҷһ㶣˹ȥ
ӱӰҶ຺㰫һͷҶ㲻ЩƣĿ˵ʮȳƣһװ壬⺺ӣһ׾ſ⡣
ţô쵽ˣ㲻֪йѵǵķӵģһֻС񣬴ӿ£վӵļͷߴߴ˵š
üͷһ壬õҾ㣬Ժվҵļϣ
ŶСͷ֮ų򣬷ڿ˵ģҪΥڵ𣿡
ߣϴ󽻴ģСȸҸ㣬ñܡӷ棬ֿ֮˿Ҷ㣬ҡҡͷ
СС࣬ǿֻţҪ۸ңסСɫ䣬Աߵһ˲䣬һСкһֻСѸ˹
ҶǣͷСȻģȣȴ㣬ԴҲͷһҲ׶񣬵ʮֿɰ
СȸҪ£ˣСкģҶоǸͯ
ͷֲԾˣСкһȭȻ׿⣬Скʱ֣һȭԽɢܡ
οһȭĸҶ㣬ӣţ
ÿֲһȭȻ֣ţСȸСС࣬ĸһһû͸Ҳ˵ÿһһΪҪǿö࣡
֮ϣ
һˣһ
ҶڴˣΪһ壬򣬾ûһʤ㡣
ң⻹Ҫ˵ֻһˣ
ʱɽССС̵С֦ڵķɣҲɲƲѡ
أҪүүүүΪǱ𣡡Сȸ޿ģҶʱŷֻ֣Сȸĸģֻⳤ࣬Ĳҹά
һֻͺѿ֮
СȸСȸȲҪޣҪޣǸ˸ţȥˣȥˣСЩżССкཱུӣȷϲ
ߵʱҶ㻹СһѣȴС
ã͸үүСȸĶͷһ˸һɫĹâ˸űһ׷ԲԵߡ
ݿ׷Բԣһӵӣǿµľ⣬Ҷ㲻һ˿С
ܸܵߣпǴ˵е
ǻѵ󰡡
ȻС϶ȻֻţŮµĿЩˣվʹգնȻҪһ
ߵǸƢŮСȸķӡָţһ
ţȴԿЦ
ףһﵹ֣ҵ֮£Ȼ˿ΪǹգգͻȻҶ㣬һ֮̾
ϣţҶţҸڣҶ㣬һ̵ʧˡ
ϣһ˫ӶҶ㣬Ҷĵ
࣬ȻҵСվһཱུӡ
ҶʧķȴȥҶۡ
ҽִˣֻСȸɣ
ˣ
ͻȻһƿնҶĶĤٿţƺһ֪ӣû
Ǻǣ֮⣬û˵ԵЩϣȴһ޷˵ϣҶ㲻ֱĿ⣬ķ
٣δ壬˺ͶϹ񣬶ĵطĳռ䣬֮Уڡ
ҲѾµٻĿģ
ٻҶеȷ뷨û뵽Էٻǿ飡
٣˵ٻҲΪûܶ񸫣ԵϣҶв²⣬ˣǷϿеļϰɣ



İٰʮ 
񸫣Ǻʥõֻ࣬ҪõʥãУϵͬһ
ʥã
Ҷ㱻ƺһ£ɫ΢΢仯ɣϹĴڡ
ţǬ½Դɡ
ԶˣԺΪţԼǺɺˣǿٵ֮ˣΪ档
ڵգ˿ʼɺĴڣɣŲɵģΪ磬ͱ֮⡣
һ˿֮ǰٱ֮򱶵
˵ʥãҶ㵹֪һãĹȣʥãǾˣסĵط
һˣҶɫȻ䣬ֵĿķأûһϢܣݽˣ
þȣʥãǺļ԰ֻˣѣսңֻʣ¹żһ֧Ҳûע⵽ڶ㣬ÿһռ䣬һޣ
Ͽ˿Ҷ㣬ЦЦ˵
Ҷڿ˼ϵӣλˣ׵ͷûκֻ˿̣ȴ¶һ˿λߵʣ˲˿С
˵żңͷһԭԪеͷ֮
ΪԪѾһݵ㣬źʥ֮󣬶ʱоԼĿ⡣
ʲôҶʮ־ȣΪû뵽ڶĿռ侹˹
٣þȣʥûǧ꣬ԪͻȻЦˡ
ˣϻ˵ҲѾ³ĿģͻȻһЦǳ˵һ飬ٻ
Ҷ㿪ڣֻʥÿΪľѰһ̳ˣ˵ô࣬Ϊ̳ˣռʥã
ǣʥþǺ˵㣬ģһ£ԣҪõ񸫵ĳϣҪԼ
һתȴҶɶͷԡ
һﵽʲôĿģ˵飬ǹ˵˭ʲôϵΪʲôҪ鳥ϣ
һ䣬ߣΪδҪҪһģһǰģһ֣ص˵ı͡
ƺой¶̫һ㣬ۣҶȴһ֮ɫ
ӼϣоһԵ⡣
Щû˼෴õʥһ㣬һĨм֮ɫ
ҪмңЩΪ˳˵һ飬꣬û֣ҲûнյļϰɣͻȻһЦ¶廳֮ɫ
Ҷľһʾм
֪֮յ㣬滹ʥ죬ʥ֮ϣ֮ϣ֮Ĵڣ֮ϣʲôҶĿǰ֪
л㣬Ҷ㶨ȻḺʥãĪҶö֮˵
ϵͷˣҲȥˣгһգõϿ֮󣬻ٴνڴˣʱٺ١ˣˣЩҲˣҪıˣ
ҶٴһţõҶ㱳һƣҶֻоԴһ飬֮һ䣬Ȼٴν֮У
Ҷ㾹Ȼƾճ֣ѵǵõʲô챦غԶһҶӰȻһ¡
ֲʧأڲų֣֪õʲô챦ɷֹȻҶ㣬ǶҶˣò
Ҷ㣬вϣ֪һλٴˣʲôС
Ļôǵ³ǿ֪ġ
٣а˸ˣѵһҶĶ֣޻ŭһ䣬˵ӦƽͣϲŭɫĴڡ
ǣ޻ȴǸƢ
һԲϣ㵶򣬾ˡ
ҶǿҲǵĶֵģҶ𽥵˹Ԭһ
λһ첻ӵǴˣҶ㽥˹߹·ϣͻȻӵ˰ԵĴ
˵ز˾ЩҪɱ㣬ߣ˰ͻȻ棬˻δ֪£Ѿʵ֮ºгҶһ׼
ҶоȣҶȴ΢΢ͷǻ֡
ֻоһϣҶΪУѾһӰ
ϾҶʵͬħһɱ˲գֶۣμ࣬óԽɱˡ
µǣԵģûһŵˣ
ڹǲ³ˣǹѾҶƣΪһŰӣֻȴ˭֪֮
º󣬹ﲻˣ
Ҷ΢΢ǣϷʵĿˣ˵ɫΨԬʣ޻УԼɷغԶȻҶΪУʫŮӼΪϻۡ
ҶͻȴʶȤվλá
ֻλȴ涼ϲΪ˫ĽǶʫҪһ̣ܾ˵ʱҶ㣬Ԭʵ˶Ҫ֮졣
ڸ˰ԣѾҶİ֣ܺΪС
ߣ㣬˭ңɷŹ֮ںڵĹƣغԶ
˵֮Ҷ΢΢üͷ
˭㣿Ҿ㣬ƾģվ񣡡Ҷƶ䣬һ㣬ݺݵѹ˹ȥ
ɷЦԲѣҶ㵫ĳɲ£ҳ۳ҹ磬мǵ֣һ࣬кûʯҵҪ㻹ʲô£ҡ
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬һֻƿĳû˿ִֻӺζˣ֮ɫ䣡
Ϊֻ֣ʵֲ̫ˣ
¡һը죬ɱһһߣݺݵ׹ڵϡ
Ȼ֮䣬һ죬Ĺһ
ɷĺܱ磬û˵꣬ͱһƴȥ㱻ϡ
ķϻ࣡ʸվˣָ㣬ûɱ©֮㣡ԲѣҶȻһЦΪɷҶĻҭסһѪʹ˶
ķҲѣҶĿʣˡ
һ̣ɫ䣬Ҷ㣬ȫȻһа޻кԬʡ
ϾҶһֿƾޣ
ÿµһңԶ㲻һܿһţڣҸڣȴĸܵˣ֮ţƿˡ
ǣҶ㲻У޻кԬʣܹøӭУҶĶ֣غԶҲǵһ
ǿҶ㣬ħһ㡣
ɷҶƷ
ҶͻȻЦЦΪ졣
漴ɭȻɷʶ̧٣ѾնɱλѵΪУҲλĿһȡ񸫣ȴֻһˣɱʤˣҲδܹõ񸫵ϿɣƾֶΣɻ棬˸ҴݹҶ㷭飡
Ҷ֮һ̣˶Уͬһ㡣
ɱڿˣ
ȻҪǺƽദˣ
˶һоˬ
Ҷ㶼˵ˣ˭ᷴء
˶ڴһ⣬Ǿǵõ֮̽ڳȫնɱȻҶ㣬ʱҶǿǿù
ղĵͷһ㣬Ҷ뿴һĻ
ɲЩô룬ܸʱ䣬а취񸫡
ٺ١ҶͻȻЦƫԶλϣλÿ˵ǾԶĵطҲǱ뿴Ľ
Ҷǰ棬ȻǲͬģҶں棬˵־
Ǻ⣿벻ֻ֪иںлշ𣿡˰ɻʵҶ㲻ԶλãΪ˱ӣ޻˵Ϊ˼Ҷ㡣
ȻҶ㣬ֲΪء
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ҶЦˣţһ֮Դǻһ飡
˰ͻȻһ㶣ҶγĿ⣬ûһʹĶͻȻЦҶнӹһֻ«
˶ڰжҶ㣬ͻȻ𣬸˾һ
Ҷ˰Եĺ«˶΢΢üͷǿ˰ԴЦ֮࣬˵«뵽˰֮ǰȷһ֧«ա
ΨʫѾһŵɲ뽫սյԼϣԺʶû֨
Ҷоȫ֮ϣ񸫣о񸫾һУ˭УֻΧɣ֮Уȴ쳣ƽ
һֻΧǿ籩꣬һƬȻɫ
һֱǰ٣⾳ƺרΪҿŵģҶһϲ֮˽㣬ıԼ˵ˡ
Ժ֪жǿ
ÿһǿ֮·
Զļ࣬ûԷһһ̤۷壬֪⶯֧ţļˡ
ʼգ˶ϣҲߡ
Ҷ㱾û̫ҰģҪģǸṩһõ԰Լĸף㣬ţǣЩ׵ˣϣЩҸֵĻš
˶ѣд˶ƴŬƴǰߣߵ˽졣
꣬еһ˿ʹ
ƴˣΪ˵õ񸫣ϧһдۣҶҧ֪ʥ֮ļˣ൱˱ܷۣ˭˺ˣ
ΪƴԪˣҲҪһԡ
ȡһ󶦣֮ȫ֮ԴĬһ󶦵֮Դȫգۼ䣬֮Դҩӷɢ澭
ֱ󣬱ױȵĹԡ
꣬ͬշһ㣬֮С
ãҪ񸫣Ԭʼʶ㣬ҶҪʩչķгһöԿף֮ף֮Ϊ֮С
ɱǾѵĻᣬɱ޻жȻȻһ̣һźȻ򿪣ʯбҶɱˮɽԼʧٵĹһ̣ȫ֣
סǣЩˣϧһˮɽʯ͵ɱԬʵˡ
ڸ˰ȴһ̴һһں«֮Դ͵طǱۺݺݵĲס
˰ԣ㾹סΪŰ۱˰ͻȻϮӡؿڣһѪҲ̶á
գգ
˰ԸƴЦһոһ㣬ݺݵɱۡ
ʫҲ󵹸꣬ɱΪԼҪģԬǸˣܸģֻҶ㣡
֪ΪΣҶ㾹ģʵҶЩԾ
Ԭʺ޻УˮɽסͬʱʯΧסս֮С
غԶʯץˣܿ㱻ͬɱս֮ڣգۼ䣬սϾȻ仯Ԭʺ޻Ҳǿ֧ţۺҲǱٱ
ԭƼѵĳ棬Ȼһ̣ȫ̡
Ҷ㣬Ȼڲ֪Уһ֧֮ˣѾѡ
Ȼ֪˲̫ι̣Ҳû뵽Ƿѵٶ֮졣
ҲԬʹһ쳤Х
ʱҶѾ֮Уվ̲Ĳԭϣ֣һжƽͣƺҪĥ־
ս־Ѿͬһ㣬ôܱĥõ
ԭģһ״ʣƯڰУӨ͸ģʮ
Ҷ㳢Žӽġ
һΣΡεʧܣԽԽ£ֱʮǧŰپʮŴΣ
ڣǿԼ֮У





İٰʮ ֹ
һžӨ͸ģҶڣܸܵһǿ˲䣬ԺУȻֺʥõ棡
Ȼô󣡡һһ۵ڶ㣬˵ǹޱ߶˿Ϊ˷
ף˭Ҷ㿴һŹײģˣڵڶд󣬸ĸһ
Ҷû֣˾һֱѰҶ
٣ڵĿռ䣬Ĳһ㣡ҶٺЦһ뵽ϣõ񸫣Ҳиˡ
㣬ս׷ɣȴ˷֣˸ŵĹâƺһҶ֣
Ȼ˾Ҷ㣡

һҽУһ˱ʯץ˲Ǳˣ޻С
˭û뵽һȻʯȺŹ
ֻʣԬʺ֧ţѾ˺ۣغԶˣѾαʯ
Ǳʯץƣͬˣ
˰֮ԴȻ񶦶ľ磬ʫҲõͷϾְҶˡ
쿴񸫶ˣһԬʣ˿̻ɱԳģΪͣѾɱʮͷʯҲܣƾȸ߹ѪѾʯĽ
ˣҶ³ɹˣ¶֮ɫͬʱһĨ־壬Ҷһⲻˡ
ߣԬҲӦۣȥ
ʱһֲĹͻȻ֣ڿлһĻߡ
ֻ۵һ۾һնΣ
ԬһҲסˣڰУ۱նɱ֮󣬿гһӰɫ˲仯
Ҷ㣡
ڣնɱ
۲ʶʱѵҲ֪𣿡Ҷ޾ѹ¡һ£ͬըһ㣬ͷԳԭ͡
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Ҷӿս䣬ʯ˲֣ͣĿվһԣƣԬɪɪ
Ҫ֪Ԭʿ񶦶۷Ҷڵľ磬ҲδԬʵĶ֣ǣ񸫡
˿ʥãҲΪУеһУȫҶ֮С
ԣҶԬվһԬĿ־壬ҺҶӣۺҶɱ
峤ΣϵһǰҶʮȡֵһһյԬʵ壬ûһ㷴֮
֣ӣлˣҶŸ˰ԺʫЦ
ʫɫЩףҶ㵯һԣֱһεΪһĻڶ˵Уͬһ㣬ʮֲֿ
Ҷ֣㣬ΪȻ˹ˣ˰ԿĿİͰ͵ĵ
ҶЦ
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˼Ϊۺ죬ĪˣϥлѾˣζĲܣԼʵȻҪһ
ԣĪսĥҹĪսήҡ
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Ҷ㣡ҧгݣ޲ʳ⣬ǣƤеĺһֲĳ̶ȡ
ҶЩ㶣ܿ죬ͻȻʶƺһ˿ϤϢϣ𣬴ʧɫ
һ̣ͻȻʶﾹȻϤ

ҶʱЦҪЦˣΪôҲ벻Ȼݡ
ӣ˫Ҳȳˣ
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վ֮գĿѣվҪǧٱĳֱ£ʶս˹ײıڣһĨֲŭ⡣
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ᣡҶ¶ɭȻݣٺЦ֮࣬һץ˳ײǴͨҲҶ뿪

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һ̣ᰡΪ˴ͨˣ㱻ˣһǲĿ϶õӣûһ㻺⣬ѿ
ҶҲȵķ֣ƹûˣȻǱʯˣٿҰ׵ӣ¶һĨЦ⡣
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ЩӣǰĪսˣûǧټƵĥܻ죬⡣
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Ҷ㵹⿴һ㣬Խʹ࣬Խá
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Ҷ㣬Ҳᣬѧ˼Ԧʥõķ죬㽫ȫӽ
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ͻȻҶһתСȸֻҪһæ̰Ǽһ߳ȥô
ţʲôæֻҪģҶ㣡
СȸǸļһеϲ԰ڣʲôҪȥֻҪ˵佱䣬һĴӦ֮󣬻СŪ˾֪
ҪʯɢҪһɣСȸδõˣҶ΢һ£ԥСȸʱĵ˵ͷ
ʯɢȴԶŵһζҩרŸԤģ˿Դˬͣȴ񫣬ԺԽԽ࣬ȻΪÿֱ󣬿ӡ
ЧѻƬһ㣡
ҩֻзвУ
İɣҾ͸㣡СȸӦҶ¶һЦݡ
ͣҶҪЦˣʲôӦأ
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ֱ֮ˣΪǽ֮£ҶȽ⣬˷ʱĪսο
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Ҷ⼸еʱ䣬Ѿȫ˺ʥãԼļˣȫУʹһʯͷڷˡ
Ȼµʱ䣬Ѿ˷츲صı仯



İپʮ ֲħ
Ǭ½ħ֮£Ŀ꣬Ĵ֮󣬲ãޱħ幥ռˣã޵Ĵϵţš
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֮ǣһĴڣûκ̤һΪйǿ߽룬ȻȫߣԺ֮ǳͣˡ
Ǭɴ޺Ϳ̩ΪǿƼܵɧŽС
ֻݺǿȻչռĲãޣһգܾǬɴ֡
ԣڵ֪ãޱռϢԲãɽΪף˲ˡ
аǬɴţп̩ʮţԼǴ޵Ķʮţ֮ǵĴ˹ѧԺǲǿ
һһ֧ƺƵʮ֮ࡣ
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֧ħħķ쵼ģаλħħʣλħħǿߣĶ֮ǿģٷ֮ϣ֮
˵ֻӣϵ£ƿֲ
ڵ֪ɣʮɱʱķûһ˿ңһ˿ϲɫ
ΪĴǰʵ̫ˣֻǲˣԵֿȺں֮ڣ·ֱ޺ǧޡ
˵ޣϹſ˵ǻԻ͹ǵǿȫǽ𷢱ۣ˵ĳвȻͨġ
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ֻǲҵģϹŴսУ޷˼ãڴսĩڣ˺ս˱ˡ
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ԣķᣬֱ·ޡ
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ħ滷ƶӣǾסʹ½ǰϹʱڲ࣬Ƿֲ䣬֮ϲţҲûлԻ͵ĹֻһҤʮּࡣ
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ʮˣҶ㲻ţʮǧҪСʮ˶ǵصصߣǴӼ壬гǿߣϵͳѵʮΧϣҲֻһ;
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񸫼Կף񸫣ʥþУһԽıԱҶӡ
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ⷽҶħļãȽЩϴԣٶɻֱӳȥʶﵽǧ֮аٿܡ
ħɢ˸ûйħķˮµĿܣѾﵽڸģ͵Ҷ£Ҷħͳһָӡ
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׼ȷ˵ģ겻Ϊȥѡ˽ǽڣԣЩ꣬ʱ޿̲ڴȥһ죬ôࡣ
ֻȴնɱˡ

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֪ңȻ֪ҹ˹Ĵģһŭ˹ͬӥһɨ
Ҷ¶ЩмĹâȻڤ˹ڤڤ֮ᣬʲôطûᣬΨһ;
ŭһֺգȻȥ
ǹ˹ͻȻһĨֵĹâ֮ţ
ԣ
ֿͱݺݵҷɳȥݺݵײǽϣһѪ
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Ҷ˿ߣһֱ󣬾ȻһҶ㱾ˣ
٣㣿ǰҰɣڤ˹Ц
ͻȻڤ˹ˣ֮峹ױ鿪е֮ȫҶģй˹꣡



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Сӣӽ쿪ʼһ»ֻ꣬ңˣڤ˹Цޱȵ֮ɫ
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Ŀǰ񶦶죬ֻҪڤ˹лᣬ񶦶۷壬һѵĻᣬôܷŹ
˹ְ֮ԼҪôлأҶЦЦһֻСꡣ
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Ҫ㣬ңң˹ˣ֣ԼԽԽ֮ţϢһ룡
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ڤ˹ĺˣԽǳҶ֮УĶԽ࣬ͬʱеԽԽ
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Ŀǰ˵֮ţ֮أ
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˹һصͷֻҪһԶΪУ



һ ̩޵֮ţ
Ҷ˲ʹһȦһǿֻоһ˿ϱͻƵĸо
һ̣Ҷֻоˬˬ֮
񶦶۷壬˹ΪȻǿʱҳأҶ˷ܴЦֻ˹ȴﷺࡣ
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ˣˣ
ڣƬ֮ʼʹһɿֲһӺ˳ɲǼ䣬أͣҡΡ
ԭʼɭзһ챬ըɲǼ䣬ԭʼɭַˡ
޳㣬棬ӵĽ壬ˣȫڵأ巢Ȼʮֲֿ


̩ޣһƬޱߵأڵҶ㣬ȴûͷ羰ڴϼۡ
ڤ˹·ߣӷдһֱߣ죬Ҫ˵죬߳ʮľ룬ǣûߵյ㡣
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˹Ŀ֣صĵǣߣȴûи򣬸ҪõΨһ취Ǿǡ



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˹֮ǰҶһѵķ磬ҪʥˣܵܿܶݣЩܡ
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ÿһʥˣ֧֣Ҳ˵ǰõ򣬴Ӷ֮Уõһ˿Ϣɾʥ֮
νɲһܹܵ˵ġ
һ٣ļʴٷ֮ʮ
ԣʥë
ҪһַǾǹ˹˵ķǾ磡
类Ϊĵط磬ɹʻһ㡣
ֻ½繵ͨʵ̫£ϽԣǻȥǾ̫ˣΪֹлȥˣ˰ٷ֮ʮ
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ʱغʥãǱȴϢһ˳
ҶħѾȫ˶һĴ󽫣ʮ֧ȫһˣħУȻ䣬һ
ûע⵽ǣÿһ޶ǿҵԣħ壬Ʊػħ壬ķˣֻҶħװħ壬¸Ǹͷ棬ȫħ壬ԣŵ档
Ϊħ嶼ΪңٵʱħͻšһΪһҵңеĴڣҲܼħսսʱﵽľԱЧ
ԣ˴õᣬħ岻ܷŹ
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ԣҶ㿼һеİ취ǾʱҪɣǿҵ
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ҶоһжͬѰ
ҲǴ˹ѧԺʱԭΪԴ˹ѧԺʵ̶ȣд죡



 
ڴ˹ѧԺĹ鸽Ҷǰĳƣһӵ࣬Ŀ⣬Ѿڴ½ս֮ϣΪҶħѾ㹻ˣ
ĿתƵԼϣһУΪͻơ
ˣ֪½ħ壬壬磬һǰ࣬ı꣬ں棬ˣ
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ҶħȫĵͶ֮Уһһʵ˶ԿĻᡣ
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ԣ뵽һѵķǾɣӶᣡ
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⾫꣬ʦǿߣڶ֮УȺǧСţȫҪ
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Ѻ𣿡ڿ˵ʮʣҵʮ㣬˿Ҷ㣬ƲһĨЦݣܿɬ
ҹ۲㼸գϿ֣һںӣĵȴûһ˿иҲĽѧӣҪѧһ֮ǵõָ㣬ΪͻͽֻĲѧûʲôأ
΢΢ЦԣҶһ
ƣƣΣȴ˾ƣܲ죬ңһֹЧǾ֮
ԣҶһɫ˲䣬ǹߣ



 
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۾ҶаԾһۣǰָ㣡
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˵ֱǸʱĴ档
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½սߵﴩ󣬻һе飬ӣȴֲǷˣݹߣפ֮
ҽҶ㣬ܸʶ㣡ҶЦˣǲϹǸⶼҪҪǣŮˣƺЩˡ
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ҶɱСʾǿҵķԣݺݵĿһŪ۾ƺһ㡣
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ĻУҶ֪һֱɽʦ֮ɽɢģһֱߵ
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УҶ磬ӦҵģɱģЩС㶼Ҳ˺ǣеĲҩһסҶȥ·
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У׼ͣҲгȥһΣҲô˵ģŵζҲϳˣһ˵ʲôҶţ
ҶݺݵһۣһᶨĻô¶
ϧģһһҰŪļ㣬һΣҪɢȥģҶ͵
ƵĿҶ㣬뿪磬Ҳܰҵư֪ҵһԽԽ˵ͻԽĥң

ȻݺݵĿһۡ
գҶˣʲôޣҶһֱܺ棬ֻն޼գ֪ʲô
񻢣ʨӣ˽׵ëԾͽˡ
ҪǸҸй¶ҾĲ㣡ҶݺݵĿίҡͷСצӲͣıȻ
˼ǣǶ˱ҵġ
У͹ԭͲҪ˵ˣ
ЩӣҶľ˲٣Ǻһƺ˴½ϵ˴½Ե룬һĽɽˮ
ΪͻͽսѾٴʮһսϲ
磬˵Ϲɿ𣿡ͻȻһСϣֻͣзǵ˵
٣ֻҪǵ˹˲ӣ˵˵ɲˣֻҪõڤͼڤűͻɱҲΪһ
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Ҷ㱾㴹ģѣʮ֮⣬ͽסɫ
ڤűڤͼ񡭡
һϵеĴʻ㣬ѻҶԺ𾪡
һֱΪ֮Խڤűǰʱһֻڤͼɫ
գھΧҲһЩϢǾڤͼϢ



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ֻϹһڲסĵطһֻˮȥºѣǣƾǣõڤͼܹõڤű𣿡ͷϴз
ڤͼڤ챦Ƭãã֮У磬ֻҪǵõڤͼƾǶ˶Ժ֪ҲѰοΪ΢׿ǵ磬۵õű֮Ƕ˶гΪʥ˵Ŀܣ
СзһĨľ⣬ű˵־ڱصã
ãϹ˹Ӳֵ֣зٺЦһᶨ
ֻзйâ˸ʹǱˮ֮С
ˮڣһƬӨˮ֣ʱð棬ĿĻͻῴһֻͬСɽһϹꡣ
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һĻȷҶۿ
ȴ˸һĨľâȻһ¡
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Ҷ㣬΢΢ڤͼⱦصȷԵ
ͻȻ֮䣬һҽҶɫȻһ䣬ֻһֻзʬƯںϣ˴򷭣ֱӰһֻƴܡ
ţһŵ绡ֻ֣һֻзûһ㻹֮㱻ճɽ̿
꣡
Ҷʧɫֻڹ꣬ȻǱѰڤͼôܳС
СһѵҲΪͼϹͻȻз۾Ҷ㡣
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Ҷطһ˵ΪܿһΨʥ֮ڵļϵˣȷϣϹꡭ
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Ҷ㿴һ㣬ƺҵһ˿Ҳû˵ںԺ
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ڤͼϹôϹҲУѵϹӾϹꣿ
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ڤűͽڶһ֮Уǽ֮ˣΪֹûһŻⲻò߾ѡ
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еˣһʱȻ򣬶ʱͷ鱾ʼУеˣһ죬ȫ׾ֵĺ壡еˣ죬ɿ뿪־ѧãڤű̽ûܡ
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ޣһޣڱռޣ½ˣ̴£ֲòͬ˲Ӭһ¡



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ʤѲ٣Ŀ갡Զ̾һϹһ˵һţÿһֻһӡ
Զˣκ֮ڴ½Σ֮ʱȴվ
ΪߣΪ⣬κ˶޷ң
ҶܹԶ˴ϥ̸ܻ˲ͻеľ硣
Ҳڣ˵һ֧ħ󷽽ɧţȻ࣬ʵǿħˮħʣͷʹѣ
ˮħʣ˵ߴħ֮Уǻµһλˣֻ֧Уǻȴͬһ㣬ΪӰȥ٣ؼʱ̶Ǵ˴ĵҩԼһЩ
Ȼ֧ӾΪɧţΪ涷
ͲòͷˣץץҲţֻܱһö֮Ҳɢˣֻ֧ˡ
治֪֧˭֧ʮˣħ壬ҪҴ½˵Ľ£Զ΢΢һЦЩ֮ˣȻ޷Ϊ½ҵǿ԰ѧҴڣ֧ˣ½ҰҲ޷
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ǶΪ֣ϲթĶǡ
ǾҪֻˣһ㣬ҾͶΣʱһʵʮֹ
ԶЦˣֳһ˿ϣϣŬԴȪ
Զؽô˾˺󣡡ҲЦ
֧Ǿźսӣħ󷽣ǧ޺չȫɧţλսеõ̫սƷͨҵ۹תۣıȡ
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Ҷ㽥ףԭڤűķΧãã֮ϡ
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ڶ죬ص𣬵ȻϲûߣǴҶ㿴ңСһﾹȻҧҶĿţʹJ
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һ֮ǰڱɽԭ￴ʱƺ˼صˣĿܴͣκƣģˣҺأ
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ҿһ˵ĿֲڣǾʲôҲ֪ǳˣͬһȴ˼صˣûϧҲܻҷģⱲҲȥˣֱȥĵط
Ҷǰһֲ˵Ĵڣ
ǵʲôûнű֮ǰҲһĴڣֻ䣬ŵⲽء
ѵ˵տҲ
ҶҡҡͷȻиһ󵨵Ĳ롭
Ŀϡ



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صҡͷҧסҶ·ǸֲĿռ䡣
ҶѾȷһڤű֮Уҿ˲ÿĶ򲻿ôķӦ
˵һ֣ණȴҲ˵
˵ȥ˾ͻزˣǧҪȥûбأֻһ壡Ļ
ԣҶɫԽԽѿ
˵ڤ֮УǿյģҶˡ
ĵͷͬʱСצӲͣıȻֻʬɽ޼ʵʬ壬һֲĴڣȻ޷ȷʲôǣֻǵãһʱԷҵ
㵱ʱʲôΪ
һ죡ͷɥĵȻľ˿ֲ
׺䶯ˣԶ˶ˣΪҵһַҵƬ
𶯣̫ǿߣΪڤ⡣
вǿߣƮƽߴʥصĴ˵ڣߴʥصĴȫ֣һʮλʥʥŮλľڤ⡣
Ҳ˿˺󣬳ֱ岿䣬ɽ磬Ҳλӣλ֮ɽ磬ҲǾص
ħ͹Ҳħλħۣǳʮλ
ǲɺӣãɽ칬˹ѧԺڤǴޣ𻯳ǣƴޣͬʱɵʦϣֱʮˣ
˵һΪ˵õ˶
˵ĺǿǣ˵ÿа֮
ֹʲôΪ֮Ѿܴܶ࣬ﵽ̶ȣǲܸȥģ֪ǰӣⱲӶܻˡ
ǣһĶͽҪԼȫаԼΪľڤű
֮ھϾٰʦ䡣
ǧǿƼҶĿƮƽʮλʥӣʥŮϡ
Ʈƽ磬ģߴʥأƮƽţ˵½磬һֱĿ⼯ۡ
ʮĸһЦ⣬Ϊȫɲ⡣
еĿΣŮ˵ÿһǵ˽ܡ
Щ˺˽ǿһȣЩ걻ҶնɱǿǣԼڲдǿǣֱֵһᡣ
ҶҲμ˴䡣
һ޹֮ҶüͷΪǰ̨֮ϣһˣ˫֮
ϹꣿҶʧɫȷǸˣǱˣֻϹ꣡
ڵʥӺʥŮǰ̨º͵޺øС
ڵʥӣʥŮʥӣʥŮ֮򲻿СʱǸǰ췢ϹͻȻ֡
ڣƮƽһʥأʵʮֲֿƮƽˣҪ֣ʥӣʥŮδƽˡ
磬һͳ
ÿһѡ˲ţСȫ֮ˣеģպƽ𣬶Ůӣƽķˣ
ھʥӺʥŮһԣ
ôСӣ첻ʶ˼ˣϹ¶֮ɫ
Ҷ㿪ʼɣϼһǲװϹôῴУҪǣϼһƺֺܲĸо
ôǰҶЦϹ졣
٣СһϹӴӴһֻɫĹӣݸ¶ɫĳϹʹ
ϹһţץסͬʱһҶһԽԼĶͬʱ¶֮ɫС۾зţȻ㡣
ڷʮҶĵͷ
СӣֻܹСһĸ㣬ĸϹ¶һ˿֮ɫҶ϶һһ
ֻȴˣˣû뵽ھȻҶ㱧ڻ
лǰ̧ҶЦҲ͡
ǰǰģҲҾдһˣСӽʲô֣٣һ磬ɲԿģҵͽͽÿһ󣡡ϹԴ޵
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦҽҶ㡣
ҸʲôҶеĲͼûȤҶ㿴ϹһۣתĿʥӵϡ
ϣҶܵŨ֮뵽֮ǰȻһ
ٺ٣ͼȻŲͼѾҵͼôҶ㣬һű֮Уʱֻȡһȫ㣡ϹӸЦ
ҵڤͼĪ˵ֻϹʲôϵڤűﶼ̸֪ʲôοȡһ˵ҪģҲҪõģҶȻһЦƳϹһۣоϼһЩ쿪ˡ
ѵΪҶ㿴ȥܺ˵
˵ͲֻһҪ󣬾ݿ̸ɣű֮бѡѡ֮ãõҪõĶҲ㣬⻹ɣ
ҶüͷŶ˵ĶԻԽԽãϼһĲôῪ˼롣
٣ǰĺˣҶд㣡Ҷ뿪ʶȴͣϹӵϣΪϹϹ˵˫ۣ¶һ΢ɲľ⣡
ȻˣϼһڰϹӣĿŵϣͻȻǰһȴ¶һ˿Ц
̨ϣʥɸ߰Ľ˵ĻѾ
ʥŮŵЦݣվһԣɢʥĹâҿϢʥҪϲ١
ֻһʱҶʱеһâϮɫȻɫ
¿Ҷ㣿һ쳹ҶԺ
Ҷһ㶣ǰ漴ĿʥŮϡ
ȻʱӢۣ֪ҶֿȤʥŮ΢΢ӹϹߣҶ㡣
ʥŮΪ죬Ҷ㻹Ҫǿ˵ĺҶ㲻ͷһ
ҵҶ㲻½һߣҺᲢۣ֮£ҲգҶɫ΢䣬ܾ
ЩɻϹӣʥŮôᶼ
ǺǣҶֹǫˣƾ֮ܣ˵½磬Ͻ֮ˣ˵ɫ䣬Ҷ־Ͳ̫ǫˣʥŮЦ˵ڤűڤƾ֮ʥˣõһ㣬֣ܻһЩ
ʥŮ˵ЦˣҶ㲻񶦶죬ȴ죬οϽƮƽ磬ʮĸʥʥŮΪβǺʥӣǸǿߣȴƫƫѡҶ㣿Ҷ۾
췢飬ȷǳ˼Ծɴھȵ״̬



 
˵𣿡
УԹҶ㶼üͷ
ʥŮ˵̫ףҶ㻹Ҫ£ǣҶתߣоѾĿȫи𾪡
һ£
ʥŮҧҧǸҶһ𣬵ʱϸ˵Σ
ҶƮȻȥʥӣʥŮĿҲҶϡ
ǺС㣬Ҹʲôһ۵꣬վһµŮԣŮҧɫʮѿ
ҶڴˣȻϳŮǾĵǺ
⼸գǺҹűǸˣץݺݵĳһ٣ġ
ֻߵȺӬڿּҹӱ֮󣬶׺ˣȫһ̵ûӰˣʣ¼ҲȥҶ鷳
ԣǺЩӶжȹģǡ죬ҲһϽǿߣڿǺ֮󣬶ʱ۲ѣʾ
ǺоԼĻˣ
⼸ֻо̣뵽Ǽ£Ҿ͸оҪϢˣ֮Ǻɫ࣬ȦҲ
ʱɫһ䣬Ǻ¶һĨµɱ
˭㲻ˣȥԴ㵱ߣ
Ǻһϲ£ģǰ˵һ飬ԽԽ޲̰ҶƤ
ģȥׯ԰ǸʲôӵŮ˸ɵٰǸСķ䣡
ԣǺϲɫҴӦӦ飬һĻᡣ
ʱüЦϲصˡ
Ǻȴ¶һĨмЦݣǸɵϣ޵̵ȷܵͣҲ룬һô¼޸㣬٣Сɱˣұ֮زز㵽ʲôطң
Ҫɱ飬ҶȫȻ֪
صׯ԰֮ҶɫأܴʥŮϣܵ⣬Ҳܴ༸ĿУһ˿⣬ǣЩΪʲôҪעѵ˲õܡ
ǣܣҶԼ
ԣǰǸ磡
ҶĹȻʱһȵŮӿɴ棬ϮˣʥŮ
ӭһĿͷ֮ڣһΡĹǶϣľ¥ˡ
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ˣҶ㵹֪ʥӺʥŮһˣħħۣΪħۡ
һˣҲһʥӣߴʥеʥеʥӣҶ㣬һĨĹâ
Ҷ֣͵أʥЦ˵УҶ޺øС
Ҷо⼸ˣʥ֮⣬ò˵ܺá
߶ˣҶЦԽһ浽ʲô
ôᣬҶ֣Ľʱһȷңʥʮò׺͸С
ħۣҲǺҶ㹰֣˵˼乧άĻ
ҶԽͷԣһ棬ħսħôܺǿ߽һһǣҶ㾿εºܣôôǿߡ
ά֮Ҷ²ףǺδλҶ㵹Ǿãºεºܣλһ𣬿λ
ҶĻҶֺεºܵĻǶ𣡡ʥŮʮֺ
ʥŮӹ⣬ǲҶ֣ԭڿڤűķΪڤűʹûܿ
Ҷɫ𾪣ȷǻҲսֻĻͣͲǰ⼸꣬Ҳ𽥷ˣ룬õŵһ죡
ڤ˿ϹһλպĴڣĻ˼£˴Բľ磬űͱܴͨ򿪣
ʥŮ
ҶȻ򣬹ֲЩ˷Ѿϴľ£
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ڴ½ϣѲܣ֪Ҳ֣֪ԭΪҶͨڣնɱ̫Ĵڣ룡
Ҷ֣ԭȻѾ̸̸֪ΣħЦ˵׿⣬ͬһ㣬˵ȴһֳȵĸо
ᵽűľګУһĨľâ
Ҷҹ
ͻȻһȴ˽ֻһ۵ֳֳ꣬ǹ¡һһ룬վڰУݣԲѷ



һʮ ʥ
ҶüëһһĨ⡣
꣬ǱǺϽǿߣ
ҶըƵƿһµĺ¡¡ֱ֮ɨ
λһԡǸƹæ˹ҪڣȴҶֹ
Բѣŭģǹһ㣬ݻһڳǳأ¡һ½٣Ǹֻоֱðڶ˶˳ȥ
ΨʥŮʥŮˣ¶ɫ
ߣ
Ҷһ̧һѾ壬Էһ񶦶۷֮
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ܵ˳ףһ˿ضûУбݡ
ס֣
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ֻϯеʥͻȻĿҶ㣬
ʲôңҶɫȻһ䣬Ц
ʥӾһֻһ˸ſֲĹâҶײһǸ¶һĨмЦݡ
ҲҶĿһӱñޱȣһֻһĵȥĿȴûһֻۣǶʥӡ
ǴԲѣΪ˶µĴȻ˿Ҿڴ䣡ţҲգһ·պҵūͰɣ
ʥΪʥŮĿ⣬Ըı˳ԡ
ֻȴû֣ҶĿøӿ¡
ҶгЪ˹صŭ⣬Ϊūͣ
ʥӲ񣡡ʥȵһ˿ɣȻҲ⿴ҶVSʥӵһĻ
ģҲɱģʥһЦ¶һ˿ظЦݡ
¡
һ̣ʥӶˣгһӡҶĶֻ¡¡֮ȴǰĵ·ƺһĿռ䣬˫Ŀʧˣ
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ͣͣͣ
ռ䶸ȻһƣֻһֻȭͷŶ˳
¡һ죬ȻݺݵĴڷӡ֮ϣҫըٿգǸʥӾȻҶһȭһѪ
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ôܣʥӿǿߣôܱҶһȭѪʥŮһŲ˼Ĺâ
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ڣԪӿշеˮһƺҪ忪ǣͻƵľ磡
Ҫɱ㣡ʥӶȻЪ˹صŭ⣬˫֮һ֧ɫļϣ˸ŵڹ⣬۵һ㳯Ҷ㼲۶
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Ҷ㳤Хһһָƿһ㣬ֻ۵һȻ΢΢ͣͣҶһץ
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Ȼը飬޾ľԪҶ֮Уɲ֮䣬ΪˮǴߣԽԽ
ʥӣĽ죬ļգҶǰһţӰʧԭء
ȫһΪҶǿΪҶԣ
ȻҪɱʥӣ
Ҫ֪ʥӿŵʥӣƮƽŵĵӣһСС½ǿߣȻҪ֣
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Ҷ㣬Ǳ֮գͻȻʥͻȻһϣǰһ屦󣬾ȻҶһȭƬ
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ǴԲѣɣҶĴʥӵĲϣڹؼʱ̣Ϊ
죬ڹؼʱ̣˼Ϣ֮һͻƵġ
˵ͻʮͻأҶ㶼ʼδȻҲѹֶյԭ򣬷죬ôܵסĽŲ
̤죬ĿʱòһһҫоȼһһҪй
ⷢйĶʥӡ
㲻ɱңʥӻˣɫòҰޱȣ߼رȫҶˣ̶ûˣǣǲ
Ҷס֣
ʥӣʥӣʥŮʹħͬʱȣֻҶٶԶǿԱ⣬һʥӵĲӱŤˡ
һ̣˵ɫʮѿ
ΪҲˣҶʵڳȫҪǿ
ôλ𣿡Ҷͬӥһ˵ӹ
ûûУʥӸЦ˵Ҷ֣ǵĺ
Ҷתߣһ仰Ĳϣκ
ƮȻȥϣ׷ȥ
Ǹ𻵣ɲκ˸Ҷ⳥⳥Ҫ
Ҷ֣㿴ʥŮҧӴóһһƽս
Ҷǰһһ޽ӽĴڣⶫ緭ӡ޷⣬Ϊƽսǹ
ֻ޸˼ʹȴܹڴ½ʹãԣҶĵط
ʥŮǺ⣿ҶĳȱҶ㵭ĿһۣתҪߡ
ʥҲòҧóһ˵ûгֻɱʥӵʱҲǻ취ַҶ㣬֮
ֻڣǲò÷ջ󣬲Ǻ
Ҳ˵ʥŮ
ħҲûģóһöħЩҶǰһر˵öķ



һʮһ ľ
ҶӦˣϾرջʵ̫ˣûɾܾԼ֮ھϣҶ⼸գصׯ԰֮չ֮С
ħãֻоΪ۷ȥһο
ʱ䣬գۼš
ݱҪȥȥֻҶæûдҶ֮ʱǧǧҪȥ
ׯ԰ڲ´ֻҪȥû˺õ
֪ҶĹģԹԹԵĵͷ
ãã󺣣һֻѵľ
̤ˮ˵ɫЩ࣬ΪѾˣȴûҵһСһûҵ
ҶԸΪָ·ֻʵ̫ˣ˾СɳѲűϳһ·
Ȼ߽֮ʱɫ󺧣ΪƺһаĲ
˸޷ǰһԶܳˡ
СצӣһıȻ
ҶȻаڣڤűĻޣһ͡
ʥŮҶĳһֱɻ󣬾ջΪԶϹ
⣬ѾҶ̫ˣϹõڤͼкܾã֪ԶҶö࣬ǻӣһ㶼żȻۡ
٣ϹأôܵǵοɲǺǸǿߺã
ʥŮ¶һĨЦݡ
ã
ǣ֮򿪿ľţ֮󽫱ռΪУʥŮվں̲ϣ΢ȹȹǸӼΪˡ
˵ľţҶãȻĹâʥŮ͵ľɷµһҲڤűʮһһֻˣܿˣܣ
Ҷнľż˼Ļмܹš
ҲҶֲ֪Ϲѽƽǿټȥ˵е뷨ǼˣΪеͨԱѰĴڣȺˣҲǷֱвдϹļһ֮䣬һλʥӣ
ʥӽӹȥĻȴҶʧɫ
ʥӣ
٣ʥʥӣҶֲżҲӦˣʥȻ֪Ĵ䣬ǧǿߣֻһܻȥ
ǵ꽵ʱ򣬳ִ˵ԭһŴ֮ģԭ

ͻȻצаϢҶɫ΢䣬Ȼ֣ǹаϢȻȥȻЩη塣
ֻ֮ʱһɳȻ˹
СģҶ㶸Ȼһƿһȭֻһѱס
꣡
ȭӰ˸ſֲĹԣúһźڹһڹһųͷһһӵȥ
Ҷ֣ͨ죬ȻͿ
СצӣȻڳ͵͵Ϯʮַŭ
Ҷ̽ɳӷϣˮϴԽԽء
ÿµļһʥŮ˸žֵĹâζţ֪һﲻöԸ
˻
¶ɭȻݣһЦݡ
ɱǼɱħ¶һĨ⣬ƺһõһ㡣
ãһ֣ͬʥӵͷ
Ҷվߣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һ̣ͬʱҶվں棬ͰʱҶͻȻ֡
һգͬʱһֻʯ

Ҷ²⣬ⶫҲ˵û;Ƕʯ˵ǴҩȻԴħͬǣҶһ
Ҷ㣬㣡ħôҲû뵽ѾõıȻҶˡ
֣˸Σһж㼱꣬»ħҶ㿴ʯͬʱΪȻʼ
ҶаϲĶˣ
ʯȻܹɳͷʯ̵֮ΪȻҲ죡
ʥŮԲŽѨ֮ڡ
ⶴѨʮֲһ㣬תػأʮиǰʮ޵ԭ죬ԽߵаϢԽԽŨء
һ·Ҳûţһʮ߸µĹ˶ʮʯʣ߸Ǳħˡ
ϣڤͼ˵ѨڤűˣһֻСӣʮˣʥӺȻУϣϹꡣ
ףƺѾ˽ȵˣЩѾײˣǿӿٶȣǵľ֮ǰֹǣһĨĹâ
ϣֺαأǾȽȥҲΪɨϰ˿ľΣҲܴ򿪣Ӧûֻô·ʲô
ڵһˣն
ߣ֪ûлˣȻûɨһۡ
նƿԣȴЩ



һʮ սǿ
һ·ϣʵ̫࣬ҶӶƽ⣬ʹʯʼչ
һͷʯնɱһλǿߣ㲻ʲô
ԭʥŮΪܹԦסҶ㣬ԽԽ֣Ҷ֮£ֱܹģԣߵ棬ǸҶ˵һ仰
ǿʼ£Ҷµʯȫɱ
Ҷ֣ǰǿľˣʥԥ֣˵˳
ʮͷʯֱһʯͷѹǵϣԣ˵Сġ
ţҶ۷ź⣬ǰȥȻһ˸ͭš
ľţͨڤűŶһϱڡ
ãλǰ԰ɣҶɨ˴ħۣʥӣʥŮʥŮһۣ¶һĨ⡣
һɫüΪѿ
ȻҶҪ·
ĿҪԿľŵܡ
Ҷܣǲò̤һ
һ߼˵ĽŲһֹͣһȦϵͬʱһҽУȻˣ
ãâֵܹ˵ģʥŮһɫ˲üΪѿ
ͬʱȥҶվԭأ¶˼Ĺâ
ϣҶŭһоľžԲ˵ô򵥣νĻƿߣֻһƷǴ򿪿ľŵļƷ
ľţʮ޵ͷޣɲ֮⡣
ɣɡҶǰȻһɫʱʮѿɻ䣡
ϲԵ䣡
ԹŴţ֮ˣܵϲԵ䣬ľţȻ䣡
νǿ߿ľţҪΪݻĴ߷
飡
һһ˿Ѫɫ˲òҰףǵȴ¶һĨ̹ǵĺ⣬ҶŭҸƴˣ
Ҷ΢΢Цֵһ˵һͬʱȥ
֮ڣ޵֣
ƾǣҲҶ֣Ҷ۾зͻȻǰ̤һ
ҪҺȴҪݺңҶһӶסʥŮĲӣҰޣƺҪһ㣬ֺݺȻʥŮ
һ̣ʥŮԴհףĿͣҶʱ¶Ŀ־塣
û뵽Ը֪ҶʯֶҲ֪ʯܹɶʮޣʮλǿʲôֱһһȭܹȫɱ
ħۣ֣ҶɱʥŮʣˣ¶޷ħƣʥӼ
Ҷһݣû뵽ͼȻʥӵˣΣ

ħ۶ʱɴ۾ıֻħۿܣʥӵĻ֮󣬶ʱȻΪҶ֣նɱλʥӡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮǿߣҶ㹥
Ҷɫһ䣬ŵʥŮҲһ˿ʶԲɣ֮ڴܳһ˿
ƣʥŮʼһ˿һµĳ۵һ㳯Ҷն
һ̣ҶǱǰлΣ
òһɣʥŮݺݵˤ˳ȥĶʮͷʯͬͻɽһ㣬˳˹ȥ

ʥŮҺһ֮±һ͸Ѫ죬Ϊֲ
Ҫ֪˿ڸ޷ϣʯֻһʯƻˡ
ҪɱңǣҶһָʮͷʯͬˮһ㣬ʱʥӵˡ
Ҫ⣬ħҳɣħЦһؿڵѪһ֮УʱһӰ
ħ۵ǷЦݣЦͬʳЦݡ
ʥӺʥŮҲʩչУ˺Ϊһ壬࣬ϲɣ
ʥŮѾʯΧȦӣɫʮΪ֣ԼʯչΪʥŮҪˣ

ʥŮҪֻͷʯΧסҪͻΧҲѾܣΪʥŮŷܹıԼʡ
ֻʱѾˣ
ȻִǾͼľŰɣҶ㿴ʥŮһۣ΢΢һɫʮֱ䡣
˿̵Ĵħ۾ȻԴãܴ߷޾ǱܣҶĿڣĲһͷ
ʥӣʥŮΪһ壬໥ӳͬڿҶ֮ʱȶˣ
ٺ٣Ҳһ˴ԲˣʥӿڣͬвŮʮֶģĳһƣһƸС
Ʒͬ˳һ㣬ݺݵ˹ֱ֮ͣȿ籩ꡣ
Ҷ㣬ȻͬеȸƮҡƺϾҪһ㡣
ÿֲһƣ۷壡Ҷа𾪣ȴֳһǰͷҧĳһƣʮһսһӱ
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ңҶѾ뿪ˣвЩģҶĻҪ߳ׯ԰ǣǲĿСǰġ
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ǲںһƿҩֻ࣬㲵ӣЩۣҪǣԷȫ顣
ҶһҲŲ»أɰСӣҶ㿴һۣϲЦˡ
죬Ҷ̩߳ޣ봫ƴ޶ȥ
ţҳɣո̤ϺƴޣҶͻȻüͷסΣȵ



һʮ 
ƴޣһߵĴޣڱսƣѾҲ̶á
һƬããԭ֮ϣϸԭ滹ѪѪζδɢȥȻﾭһսսĽͬھ
ͻȻһȣȻһŮӻ˳ɫһ˿ִ٣һ˿ǿ
ţ㣡Ҷһû뵽ˣȻǲǰ˵ģǺ
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ܲĶ
˵𣿡Ҷܵͳͬͺһ㣬˵һֵɲǣľԪƺͨһ㣬֮ţ磬ԼŻģȫ

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ʢǲɱģ˧޻ںޣ֪ģʢǲǰɱġ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
Ҷͷָ絶ɲһϻûУ߱ˣ



ٶʮ ɱķϣ
˧ˣҶļƷһıˣҶѾģʵҲ۷壬۷壬ҳ죬ɵǰš
˼˽ܣȫҶУ칬Ҷ˵һļ
Ҫ֪죬һֻص۷壬˵۷徳硣
ǣҪ壬ʷҪһӶһɳ죬һٶǬ
Ҷ㻹ͻƵ죬γǾЩңԶˣĿǰҪ˼ġ
ԣöģռʯ֮󣬳칬ĵش˽ȥ
ʯˣΪֹҶ㻹֪ʯ˵;ֻȴԼ²ʯ˾ԲǼ򵥵һ񣬸һͨʯͷжȻ̺İء
صĸԴȴ칬࣡
ħʣʲô˼ĪҪΥԼΪУħⶸȻһվԱߵķҲüͷ΢壬ҡһ֮ɫ
ֻħУȻץһֻͬ«һĹӣϼɣһͷħ״ƺǱߵħӷľﵽ˿ֲľء
ǹĹӣ
٣񷣬ҪԼŻңⱦһõȻңοԼҲû涨˵õıҪѾְɣħʽƻһЦ
㣡ħЪ˹صŭ⣬Ҫ֪ħǿߣȪΪħޣħ޾ȻħͻȻһ֣Ӷߣܲŭ
ˣˣħۣħ޲칬رеһֺαҪִأȴһڻȪʱ˲ãҲܱħ޸ײˣ˰ɣ
ҡֵùҧֻħʴ㽫ħްѸӷָȻҪΪħ˵ˡ
ħ۲һûҭ
ǿ˵˵ɫòͷŭѹȥ֪Щ˻ʲô飡
ķӣħֻŭһתߣɫ·Ҫγˮ
Ҷ㿴ħޣȻʧɫ
Ϊһļħ޾˵ʡ
˵˹޳֣ûֵܹھȻ֣֮һж֮˵Уеľ٣
ˣλ칬֮УΣķȻڲرҲòУǻǲҪ֮¾칬дıǣٲȻƮƽĵһڵ˵ȻЩȡ
ħǿ߶Ҳòֱ档
ħۺһŤͷȥҲûִ
ֻɫ֪ħۿ²һˣҿܱʹʲôֶΣⶼ˵׼ˡ
֮䣬ҶѾ֮أһϯɫ΢΢֮࣬ǿʼħʧͣһѻᡣ
ħޣʧɫҲû뵽ӾȻħʵϡ
켣չȥպħǱնɱӶʧȴпԭ
ǹӾҪˣҶɬ촽ɫʮأֻµĿ꣬ȴħʣķ
ķ
һ棬ħѣսʱ״̬Ҫһģûн٣Ǹǲܵģοڲħۺħʵľףַ˼ң֮䣬Ѿʼġ
ȻҶһһ棬ǲħ۶Ȼһķڼλǿ֮䣬ùҲҪԶߣοҶ֮ǰйڣҲˡ
ԣҶһĿ궨Ϊһ壬Ҳ˵һ
ȻİĹ켣չţҶ¶һĨ˷ܵЦݡ
ħԶߣųķֻķʮΣȻһرʱķˣֻȴ˵õһӣ
ƽӣ
ķܵٶȼ죬ҶҲЩˣҺ칬ȥףȥҪϼˣֻķʲôˣǿħͳ˧
ԹΣͨߵ·ࡣ
һ·ԶУȴûз칬е౦ǻһ򣬳˹ȥֻһ·ɱûеʱ䣬²ҩȴԻָơ
Ϊ˿ڣҡħһʹ飬˵ıԴһ飬ô䡣
ķʮСĵţҿʼһϢصƣΣΪ
ҺãħʲûŶ׷ԶֻоһΣеĴڣģҡеĳ׷˳ڰ
ֻζû뵽Ǹķ׻ɱСӣھȻܹв
ڣҶѾ֮һ˫֮䣬һƥĹâһȻ˳ȥ
ˣķһȻʶȻϮһϱü쳣ֺݺݵĴ˳ȥһ㾪κһ㣬ʮֲֿ
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˷ֲϢըˮ칬Ƭ
ֻķǴҴ֮ĳһƣҺΪҶ߳һЩΣڴˣǼˣҲͻһƣÿѪɫֽһ㡣
㣿ķײǽ֮ϣֻоҪǿס֮Ҷ㣬ֵĹâ
ζû뵽°ܽվȻˣܻ˶ڴˡ
ңҶ¶һ˿Цû뵽ɣķɱңǽǱˣգҲķһ㣬Ϊһ֣
ҶЦݣķʮֱ䣡
㵹ţų͵Ϯ֣ɱңǼֱΣķ¶һ˿֮ɫܹħʺҡһ֮УһԲǼ򵥵ˡ
ֻһʮֵľȣΪ֮죬һ֮ǰ˵ɱǿߣǣЩͶȡɣҪǿһսûһʤ㣡ķ¶һĨЦݣ¼ҩɫú
ۣȻ֮䣬һһ£˹
ҶɫȻһ䣬û뵽ķȻȹͷǿҵĹơ
ķУһɽ̻Ի͵Ϣ˸ҶɫЩѿ
ƽӣ
ڱﾹȻҲˣ
εȲֻ֮Уһ֮һҡΣƺҪѿһһĶȴҫ֮£ֵһ
𣡶ʮսҶˣʮսȻǲаƽѵĲС
ڸղţһȭ·޻֮ϣûзʲô
ֻһȭֲս
꣡꣡
Ҷɫһϲԭƽѿˣ
ڶʮս֮£ƽըˣ



ٶʮ ɱķ£
Ҷһϲ֮ɫΪǻƽӱˣ
ķɫ΢䣬ŲŵŲͣĺˣǣȴûжľȣΪֻʱ䣬ҪԴ˵С
ǣҶɫˡ
ѿĻƽӣûը飬ûоʹ˱ϣķһ֮£Ȼָ
ҾͲа飡飡飡
Ҷ˻ߵĴţһһΣƽӱƬÿһζƽӶٴϡ
һΣҶɫԽԽѿ֪ķƿˣûкð취ôķƴ֮֮ǰеŬȫΪˡ
ƴˣҧֲûٴδӣǳץ
ɣҶһţķֻоһûһ㷴Ӧ˵ҶԿˣǸǲܵ顣
ԣһ£ƽӾȻֶҶɫ䣬Ųݺǰһ̤ͬʱΪ˼£ֻ¡һҡΣƺҪ鿪һ㣡
鿪ɣҶĴֵһķɫڱˣҧҧüʱȡᡣ
Ҫ֪ɿƽӵԭ򣬾ΪҶϹõӣӶ΢ı仯ٽ͵Ϯֻû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼأûⱦ
Ȼһ̣ȻҪ˶ɱķ
ķҲǵϵˣһҲˮһҪǿǿϺܶࡣ
ԭҶֺݺһ磬¡һ£߷·ķ۵һһѪؿ֮ϣһѪӡӣ
⻹ķ˵ٶȼԭ򣬷Ѿڴˡ
ɣŭһû뵽Ҷ㾹ȻĺǸ˿ֲϸ΢֮ƾͼ֮£ˡ
ǣ˿־塣
ɶϷ֣ʹȻôŬͽͶѣҶЦˣЦʮֳ졣
ƽӵĨȥķٴһѪϾƽӺķ̫ľժʤʵ˵ɥʧʵڲֵá
ڣķֻһ֣Ǿӣ

ķתӣһֻͷӬһ㣬Ҷһ˿Ц
ķӵӲҵģ־ܣҴ󷢴ȱ˵һҶЦˣƣ֮£㽫ķɨУ׹
ҹķͻȻӹһףһɿֲϢȻըһս˵ϢһţҶɫ䡣
ж
Ҷ㾪һϽסڱǣֻķȴᣬȥҲټˡ
һ̣ԭӦƵҶ㣬ȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҫӹҵģʵ̫ˣҶЦˣЦͬһֻꡣ
Ҫɱķ֮ǰͰһ׷ٵϢķķ칬Ŧ֮ķ»ܵػ
£Ҷ㽫һļ
һȵõģҪǿļȴҪķȥɡ
Ȼķˣ߳ʱͻȻͣΪ֣Լƺһ󣬶Ҳ˵˰ʱԭȦ
һˣԭɫ˲òҰޱȡ
ܵвҶ㣬
ʱһ𾳵˵׷ĽŲҶˡ
ң˵ʮֹأһĴڣΪôܱ
ķþòͻȻ֮䣬һķɫ˲䣬ֻĴһȦ֮󣬾ûпһӰ
֣Լϵˣ
ķҪΪҴˣҶٴδ׷ķѾһһҹξѻֻķøַ˹ȥ
һĻҲʵҶơ
Һķ̤˱
ȻⱱҶҲ֪ⶼҪ鹦
ڣҶ¶һ˿ЦݣΪҪһǿߵľѪ죬ܴ򿪣ǿߵľѪԶߣǰ
Ҷ㣬ΪѾָ˳ɣѵƾ㣬ҲɱңķɫȻ仯л̡
Ҷȴ֨һӴ˹ͬĥһ㣬ݺӡ£
һѹأػһֲӡ
ڣҶһӡץŻƽӣݺݵ˹
ⲻò˵һַ̣ӿѾǧģȴҲ벻վҪɥڴˣ
ɣҶһ񣬺ݺݵӡķؿ֮ϣ¡һ죬ȫˡ
ҶĴֲûɿɣ
ľѪڱ֮ϣǵŶȻ֮ҶһȻҶһ˽ȥ
ȻҶ㰵һ¶һ˿˷֮ɫ



ٶʮ ɵ
˸ĹâһȻҶо˸뱱֮УǰľȻ֮仯
ףҶ㶨˿ȻһͬСĶڰգ鴤ǿһâ˸Ѥöʣʮ
Ҷһ֮£ʱ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
쵤ⶫȻĴڣҶм쵤Ǵ˵еĴڣΪͻƵѵҩûһ
ⱱ֮УȻɵ
ֻһסˣȻ쵤ƺռ֮ڣƺһռͶӰ
ǹâһֲûŵɵȻⵤҩһռ䣬ҶһУֻһͶӰѡ
Ҷɫ΢΢仯ȴռ֮Уеһ˿ͬѰϢ
ĪⵤҩҪض£ܷãҶһְ֣ǿռ֮£һȻʧˣ
Ʈ硣
һɵڰţȻĽ쵤
Ҷɫϲ쵤ץɲ֮䣬ֻо³ıϣҲʼɶ
ѵҪͻˣҶмϸ˸˷ܵĹâ
ֻ쵤ҩƬ֮󣬾Ҷɫ΢䣬ֻε̾һ
ҵΪ򣬷õĻұȻͻƵ죡Ҷ㵽ûԹʲô˳칬Ŧ˹ȥ
ħʵõħ֮󣬱㳯칬Ŧ˽ȥŦ֮أһţϹӵʯףɢſֲ
ҡħһ·һ·ڲħۣȻ֪ķȴķ֣һ֮С
һǧصˣʮ߽칬࣬Ϊֻ۷壬ȴϵߵħʣħ۵ˣ뵽
Ҷһ̤ŵˣʯ֮ϣɫʮأ˵ħʵˣǧأһöԸĽɫ
ǧأ֪һ㡣
Ժƴް׻׺Ͱ׻һһѧǰ׻츳˵ʣʮ̤꣬۷塣
֮ǰҶһֱעǣڣҶ㷢ˣǧصʵҪЩνǿߣҪö࣬Ҳߵ
ףСӾȻߵǲ򵥣ħʿҶһۣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҶȴƲƲ죬мĿһۣ𻰡
ħʾٴβĿҶһۣȻ֣ս˿Լһɲǣħʵɫ쳣ѿͬʱڿҶ֮ʱҲ˼־ȡ
ħСһﲻ򵥣˴Ҫ౦СӣȥȻ죡ҡݺݵĵħʵͷʾͬ⡣
Ҷȴ֪ʱȻѾ̡
֮أͱЩ񣬳ʱ֮У֮أȴһң
ƺ󷨣ǧԼСΪһ壬²ͨ󷨵ˣ߳ȥ۵õʲôڣǿ֮УĻǺзġ
˵˵ɫþִٲ
ԣһο飬ֻͨ飬ſܵõ칬ҶǰһΪ֮ϣƺ֮󷨣ȴڸǣֱָģϵˡ
˵ǾҪڴˣħֲĹԣħͳ˧ô
԰꣬Ȼȴ㽫ǿ˵ˣ٣칬ͷβڿ˵ˣܶ౦Ҫ˲ܵõȻһЩеȴûʹãⶼڣ
˵һ£֮䣬Ҷһۡ
Ҷ㱻һò㺹ë֪֪һЩʲôôܰĿϣǺ⣿
ˣ翵Ķܹգɲ˵ģǣ˭ҪߣǾͿ㣬һᣬžͻʧ߾ඣЦŵ㿴ңҿ㣬ûȥ˼
ҶһȻˣ˵ģĲࡣ
ҿΣħֳħޣҸоΪ࣬Ҳбʤİգ˵Ӳ
һۣȻ֮䣬һֱħʵͷ­۵һħֻоʲôˣ
羹Ȼһ֮£һ
ħʵɫ䣬Ųŵǿֹͣ˼֮ɫ
ΣһںĻɫ˵Щű߼ʵĻĻʮưûһ˼Ƿһȴĸ˶Էʵ
ߣħеױȵģζû뵽ΪȻ˹
һıһڵħѾ촦ˣڿη֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ģʧˣҲʼ
֮ڴһ
ӭ֮񹬣칬ˣɵۡ˷ΪȣûˣӵٸߵΪսҲһ;٣ԣ칬࣬Ҫųȥͨɣ
Ȼ𣬰˶һҶԣӡ֤롣
ɵۣҲڵδ֪ǰĿϹţǿӵкպĴڣ֮Ϊɵۣ֤Ϊ֮ߣѾ̤ķ룬ʥ˵ľ硣
ӵĸףۣҲ֮ΪۣǣɵȣǲһȼħۣҲɵ۶һȼǶ۷壬ɵۣǿʥ˵ľ磡
ɵۣǿǱۻҪʱɵۣеĵҲʥеĵ
Թţʥ˱㱻֮Ϊɣ
ɵ۵ĻҶ㣬ˣȫˣٿȻ֣δ֪֮ܣ
ˣǣҲδ֪˵Ҫǽ죬ҾҪһΣʱ˱ʵҪĿ飬֤ǵˣ
аţߵţֻһţǿ˵ĵһֻҪܹţʲôħޣȫʲôķǣ
ɵ۹Цһ˿Ϸʣһ˿Σƺ䣬Ǻйأԣ칬˹ҹ
Ȼû翵֧ţҶôܻɱ˶ǿߣһõԣеһУϢϢأ
ڣ˵ĿУȴѵˡ
ʧɲǣ֮ϣȻ˰ţ
ͨĴţƿһţҲǰԼĻԵһУˣ



ٶʮ 
ţͨ
Ҷվڰ֮ǰ۾վһģǻǧء
֮УֻǶΪ˶λˣѾһΨҶͻǧأǳˡ֮£ֻ֮¡
ڣѾŵƷ
ܱ磬Ҷ˵ʧΪһ˵һĻ
ˣΪܸܵ˾ߣʱ̰
㣬ţ㣬ħָһţҶ롣
ҶһһĨ޹⣬ȴҡҡͷָһţҪţ
ʲôΥҵħһ𣬱ѹƣеŭѾȣֿҶҪΥ
٣δҵĶ֣ҶЦһϻһתɱңļʾִһ֣
ħʺһϣ뵽Լδֻܺ޺޵˦˦֣Ҷô
ֻ߸ˣҪţһˣΣһɣԣҶġ
Ҷ򶨣ԼʴʵӣһĨ⡣
Сӣպǰ;лᣬһҪɱľϧȫڵʵа˾ġ
룬һͷɴݲȵˣҪộӵŶ㹻ģҪôһˣϲĵˣϲԼעķͽ
Ҷ㣬ɾǺߣ
ˣɲµģûܹҶܹԣŴעһȥ
ԭҶҪһţûͬ⣬գҶ֮£ֻ֮ܽС
˭ûȴ¶һĨЦݡ
ͻǧͬʱ˴֮ڣɲ֮䣬ҽͬʱڣҲû
һ̣˻һѾȷţȫš
գĿŵ֮ϣȻȴôҲû뵽ţ߽ȥҶ㣬ȴһֱݷû߽ȥ
ŵȷţҶȴû߽ȥһҽУѧǧصģ
ǧȻǿߣľҶȣֱ̫ˣԣɵ߽ȥ֮ŶҶһţģװ
ʵȴݷ֮ϣûн룬Ҳûг
͸ˣǸùļһ߽ҶҪĴţˣڶţҶ㾪ȵǣЩ˾Ȼɹˣ
ʣĸˣȫ߽ţ
ڶŲţ
Ҷݷں棬̤ţ
΢΢һ̾ȻǱѰȻͨռܹ֪֮ڣʵϣֻݳţڵһռ֮ʱ㽫߳ŵķΧ֮ڡ
ʣţȴܹݳģҶš
ű㱻˳
ܲǵ˶ܲҵҪϺֻܶ࣬ڵĿŸոտʼҪ⣬Ҫ֪еʱˣȴΪɥʧڣ
ɵ۵ٴ𣬰ŶȻʧˣҶȴ֮˵
ܹ߳ˣǶõˣǣܷõԿףǵõӵеĶҪŬΨŬ˲棬֮г۳ưԣɵһ̾ϹŵҲһλֻʱֻա
걾ɵ۾Ϊһʱ⣬֮ʱ⵽һöİ㣬ǧУԻһңһƲл꣬˵Ϊ䣬֮УµħףֻҪֻҪˣܹõµħףҪǵŬԼˣ
ɵ۵ʧˣˣȴ֮ɫ
ħףǶȻ
ҵõħףͻ֮գָտɴ
ħʣǲħۣҡȫҪ֪ǿħװ
֮УֻҶ㲻֪ƣ֪˵Щʲôʲôħףʲô;Ǵû˵
ǿЩ˼ӣȻ׼ΪҪڳʥǿ൱
ħ׾Ȼڱ֮У治֪оʲô飡ħ߬ȭͷһ֮ɫ
ħȣʲôħޣʵڲ̫ˣӵħףͻ죬Ϊʥ˵ʱ
棿ɵ۵ʲô˼桭ͻȻɫһݣƺ뵽ʲôֲĶ



ʮ 
˽ȥɲǣϣӶȻɫͷһöɫӵĳӣֻǣͣ䶯ʮֿ¡
Ȼһ̣һҽдҡɫҰףĽϳһͬһ˿ڣϸĿȴʱʹ֣ڵϡ
Ұ׵ĿˣȻȴĿϣһѪ˿
㣬ħ۾һҡһܼѪ˿Ƥ䶯ʮֿ¡
ˣ㱻ĶҧˣħʾֵĵĶ棬ɵۺ֮ǵĶ棬ҲĶ
ҡ˸ͣѾʼ˻ͬʱеľ⣬ڱɺݹ⡣
꣡
ָ϶ּᶨĽԼȿȥ
ֽ֮ϵıƤȫȥ
˵ô϶ֺݾȷһˡ
վںҶ㣬Ҳľ£϶޷˿òҡ߿һۡ
ţ㾹Ȼûһ̣Ҷȫ¶ħһĨ⣬Ҷ㣬¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϾҶţһҺ˭ΪˣȻȻ㣬ʵ˴һ
ħʣΪֻһˣЦҽţҾһҪ룿ʲôҶŭȵδӺ˳Ŀħʡ
ʵϣкʮ㣬ޱ˱ڣħʣͰκˣûзŭ
ҶһŭȣħʴڴڵĴŴиŭҶ㣬ƺҪ޲̳ȥһ
סڣħʽħ޵һ٣¡һ΢΢𶯣âһسһֲ״ը
ҶһݣŲһֻЦֹ֪ؼʱ̣ħǸɵӣĿ飬ħ׵ջ󣬲ɵҪҶս
Ȼħʲɵӣһ֮ŭһתȥ
ڵϵЩ棬ȴӵ飬˺ҡ֮⣬˵ûʲôˣǼʶĶ棬˶¶һֿ־֮ɫ
ħʣⶾ涼η
Ŷȥÿտޱȣֻվһ
ʼδֵʱ˿ʮڣȻģƺôߣܿټ
Ҷ΢΢ͷƺǿɽɽľ磬һر󾳽磬ɽɽɽɽɽɽ󾳽硣
Ŀǰ˵ʧʹ˽ڶ硣
Сһǣӭռ䣡ĴʣͬʱͬҪֻˣͨռ䣡ɵͻȻ֣ޣȴһƮĸо
ԣֻоѣذľȫ仯
ӣ⡭һ̣ȫסˣķڴӣȫǹ
ÿһڴȫǹЩӴСһö֮һͬ
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Ҷˣһ֮Ҳò϶䣬һĨ֮ɫӲʵֲ̫ˣ

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⹥Ҷ㣬Ҳ⣬ǿߵĹԣĵֿԽѣ
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ҶƾһһڵĴӣȻڴɲǣһ֮ڡ
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ǣӱʮֻҰǣһ;ˣǲģеʱԵָҪħףûԵ֣ǿҲǵòģ
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ѵħףһʮִ󵨵Ĳ²⸡Ժ֮С



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ҶоâһĪĻܣ
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Ϊĵʵ̫ˣҲ֪ôɵģȻ̵ܹΪ˵ûһ㸱ãҶ㾪档
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˶٣ڹҶ磬ңƺһɱ˲գ۵Ůħͷ
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ҶһҪϺʿ˵ֻһγһûһ˻
Ҷ磬ҪżҰѻ˵꣡΢Ц



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һֵˣҶЦһСץУͬһ㣬ݺݵɨ˹ƻֺ׳ۣõصϢһ
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ߣҶ㶨һ΢΢𣬴Ȼѹȥ¡¡֮ˮ־Ȼһǿ຺ҲƬˮӿ˺ɽ֮УҶ㾪ȵǣˮ޷뺣ɽ֮С

ָźˮͣıȻҲһöˮЩѼӣںߵġ
ҶǰһݺĳһƣɲǼ䣬ɽˮˣ
Ĥ֮ˣȫңǺ壬ºˮ⺣ˮֱǺ籩ˮͬһ㣬ϯ
ô
¡¡
ɽĵ·ͨˣҶ˳˺ɽ֮С
ͬʱħʵȫС
ϸҵðϸҵðⴢ֮ʮöİһͺͷУһУһһ٣Ц
ҶٴΣȻܹϳǰ˾ڵĿʦ·ӣģǰͽܣϹԵ
·ӿ۷ǿߣϹԵΪԲҲǿߣڽ뺣ɽ֮󣬾ȵĿһѰ׹ǣһ̣һ׹֮УȻҵһֻ䣬װһʮöġ
ʦ̫ˣ˭СǣҲˣԳΪһɣʮöģʦ˳ʥİգҺʦҲл۷壬٣ĻڱҪϼλ񶦾ǿˡϹԵѾ״ˡ
˷ܵĿҪԼǺУӦ
ܿϧΪʦ·ӣҲ˷ܵĵͷȻĬĻʲôʦ̳ʲôͽܡ
ǵȻ´ˣʲôŴУߣȫǹƨҳʥ֮󣬱Ҫ´ᵽҵҾǴ壬˭Ҳңұ֮
·ӹЦţŶ˵ˣԼ˷ܳʲôˡ
Ȼһ̣һȴһ֮
ƾ죬ϣҲŴ𣿡
һȴϵЦݶʱӲˣǸû֣ȻǱǵ࣬Ȼȫ֪
ʲôˣ·ӵķӦѸ٣һϢ֮䣬ʵ
ֻһӰӰǣûпڣĳһƣ
ԣֱ͵Ϯ
ٶֺֿݣȫ
ʲô۷ǿߣ·ˣҲû뵽ģȻһ۷ǿߡ
ķϻ̫ˣӰ¶ݣȻҶ㡣
ֵգɨһƬ磬·ӴĲ۱ƬˣܵģϹԵ
ڱڵȸݱŤҪҪȴõĻ룬һƣĳǶʮ屶սһֵܹ
˵ʮֵı磬ҶĳľȻ׵壬ûһͷ㱻ĥ̺ݺݵĵһ̣һ⽴
ô򵥣ɱһǿߡ
˻
·ıˣʮǱһΪҶ͵ϮһΪҶʵ̫ˣµĹĵεĴսȻ˲䣬㱻Ƭ
̫ˣ
ûһ㻹֮
·е뷨һдֱĵ飬ٿҶ㣬ֻһݣһ̣ʧɫĵ㣿



ʮ 
ôˣڵʦүҶЦˣɫЩ
·ӵ岻ɵֱֱ¶֮ɫӣڵĸɱǿߣҵУȻ֮أ
ҶЦ˵λУ෴ӦҵаɣͽϹԵôģѵôˣ
·һʱѵúһΡ
ԽԽǷãŭ˵ԽĳȣҶ㲻òһ
СһɱͽͽգΣҲˣ٣ǧҪΪҵͽˣֻҪˣұа취ҵͽ
ҶʧɫɫüΪ𾪣
侹Ȼط
㲻֪أˣү꿴һĻȥɣ·ӼֱѧҶɲǣȻ磬¡һѹȥ
ҶƲһĨм֮ɫ
ЦȥɣҶЦһ˿֮ɫһ𣬷¡¡֮·ӵƶԿһ
꣡
һ֮·ֻоһֱţӲƴԪȻǶ֡
ޱߣ򷨹𣡡·һһĨĹâһƴ˳ȥҶֻоһذƺתҲҪԵˡ
ÿֲķ𷨣ҿһжǷ֮һ֣Ҷޱ𾪣ͬʱӼᶨһ£Żꡣ
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ţһɨ˳ȥͨһ̵õڹͣһȻռ̬գȻ磬һ磬Ȼ·ӣӣҲ⺣֮Ķ֡
꣡꣡
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٣·ӣΪҼĵļƷɣҶжʮöģ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
ȥ
·ֲĹâ壬һ˲ҫһ

ҶһĨֵĹâһȭһ´գһ˿Ծĵط
ߣΣҶǰԾ·һȫȥɣҶֳֺ֮оⱬ֮϶һ⣬ͬһ㡣
һ
һ̣ҶΪױȵƣ۷壡
꣡
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ǣɳڣżȻıһһǿ򣬷ߵ˳µģһֱеš
ٶȸܹϵģɱԸڼֱһ⣬ôܷŹ
Ǵ⻰Ҳ˵ˣҶ¶һ˿ЦݣһʮöһӴƻֺ꣬ݺݵӡȥ
·һĨȻ֮⣬˲һһӻ۵֮ڡ
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ߣҶЦһ֪·ӺķԪҪʢֻƴҪ֪ڵ·ӣľѪȫˡ
ɰɣҶЦһʮöһӴ·ӵ֮ڣɲ֮䣬·Ъ˹صЦݣϡ

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ʮöĽ֮ڣƻʢʩչȻľԪԪţȷĸܵˣڽ١
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Ҷȴе˴ˣʮöİ;˷ܣȫֻ֮оΪˮǴߣ۷壬ֻһ֮ң
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ħۣǿ߶ϣõĶ
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ģħۣͬһȼĶ׷Ķ
ħۣҿħˣһȥǿ߾һϲ֮ɫ
һڵħӡͬèץĺۼһ㣬ֻۼ֮ϣ¶ϢôضƳ˵Ϊ档
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˿̣һһһ㣬Ķסħۡ
ħۣҪˣᶨΪħ۲Զ˴֡
һλǺǿ߿ϺһλԶʦµӣְֳֻԽĹѿϺݺݵѹס
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꣡
û뵽ԷٶȿۣһֻץĲϣֻһ죬Ӧϣ磬һħۣɲ֮䣬еһУȫħ۸ˡ
ʲôʲôˣƺһĻʧɫɫʮѿ
ʹӣû뵽ȻڶԷ£һж߲㱻նɱˣܲ𾪣



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ɱˣҶǾĵ֮һסħۣһڰһ̣ħ۾ȻĿС
һ̣Ҷĳһ磬ƣƺ𾪵Ĺâ
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꣡
ƺֻоֱϴһɾʹµʯͷȻ飬Ҷ㷢һХָǺݺݵѹȥ
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۷壬ұȻаճȥҶ㵱ȻҲûжʳǽһ֮ڣһ졣
û뵽һһСУԩԩԩŭԩ֣ɲ֮䣬ԵȥҶЦһ
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ߣȥǸˣǵΪĺôоһ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݡ
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ˣʦñôˣħ۶ʱ˼׸ʦǷųȥɣһת
ԥе֣˫ͷһӴܷɳȥҲΪǿһѱħ۸סˡ
ħۣǳԵ𣿡ͻȻ֮䣬һֻ֮һӰӴӿн٣֣˫ǰ
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֣ⶼܡ
ЩڵҶ㣬ܹ֪ģԣȻЩɻ󣬵ǣ֪һ죬ֻҪվ۷壬Щɻ󶼻ӭж⡣
һˣҶ񹬵ķ˽ȥ
񹬵ĳ֣˲ǿߵĳ֣вкǿߣһЩǿߣ塣
壬Ҷ壬壬ʵĿҶȴ֪ˣǨˣ˭û뵽ǾȻ˺硣
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Σħʱױȵƣʦһû߳Զ
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ȿȣˣǿлӣǻﳳܣʦͶϺΣڵڶһ㣬ѵ£üͷдҪ˵ʲôϵ
ʦɫһ棬ɫʮѿ
òӦˣʶ̧٣³ҡ
ʱҶ֮䵽ħڵص㣬ħΪһ壬Ҷ¶һ˿ЦһץħץУһ̣㱻ȫˡ
˷ܵ촽ħ۵ζʵ̫ˬˣ۷Ϊˣ˿һ۷ʮǿˡ
ףﾹȻȱ治֪λˣⶫʦȻʵŵԣֻٶȸʦܹϵġ
ˣȴûһɥ֮ɫɫ֮䣬˷ܣΪõס
Ҳ˲֪ⱦãһԲñ˵һȭܱһս
кöǲԵΣͻȻһɵʦֻоһһĨ־Ĺâ
˭ʧɫﵽ۷ʮΪһ޷еģڣȻһͻȻܲ¡
ⱦȻҪˣӰȻ֣ʦ
ʦѾʼľˣһĨĺâŭȵװŪԲѣ
ձһƣƾûŰپʮְУͬʱֳֻһֻףȻ¡һ˫˵ǰŶ
۷ʮꣿ𣿡ʣûһη֮ɫĳһƣȫ޾ɫһʦƲ㱻۶ˣ



ʮһ 
ˣʦһĨ־֮ɫɫѿ֮Σ㱻˰ףеĻףȻһʧˣ
ãҵıʧɫδٶȣ
˵Ӱ߳ţȻһϵеĶҲɵġ
ڿеף¶һ˿ο֮ɫ
㵽˭ʦڿ˵ݣһϮ£ɫһ˿֣أһĨ˷ܣŪŻףгɾ͸С
ʦиɻŴĹףôܵģ׿ǹ⺣֮ڣԲʹãʹˣȻһһ׾ٵĶ㿪ˡ
Ҷ㣡ɱͽͽˣ¶׵ݣЦĺܲá
Ҷ㣬˿ʼ񹬵ħۣԼ̤۷ʮ꣬ǣڿʦҪ̤۷ʮꡣ
̤϶ʮϣǡɾʦϡ
Ҫǣ֣ʦϣƺлĵϢ
㣡ʦֱţ޺꣬ȻɱͽͽħĻ̵̻ļһ
Ҳ֪ǿߣҶ̤۷İ׹ǵ·
ͱǰʦ
Ȼ֪ǣܸ磬һӴ͸ʦĶĤ
ߣͽʦƺ͸ҶİϷЦһŲһˣͬʱһȭȭͷʮ仯ÿһֱ仯֮УɱУϣ˾һ˵ͻᱻѪ
ڣҶϣҲ˵аٷ֮ٵʤ㡣
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ʮ屶սҸɣҶͬһ㣬¡¡֮죬ݺݵĺʦһȭϡ
ף
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϶ȥɣҶЦһȭռϷ磬ޱ˷ܣֺȭһȭһȭҪֲ¡¡֮죬һ̣زͣҡΡ
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ۣ
ʦһѪԵڵϣĿÿն֪֮£ҶôΪʤģսĻ˲䱬
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Ϊʲôľںδֲս»ǴʦҶְͷϣһ˿˿Ԫţĵ
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ĸ磬ҲмһΪ㲻УҲһǳʱĸ֣ʲôɵˣߥ޵
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ףݾ߾ͲˣҡҡͷһϾţɴ£һΪϰˣ
ǰһϽͷ
壬ߣ۷弸꣬ΪֵܵвˣֲΪ뵽һİ취취УҶõöģˡ
ǣʱҶ㻹ͬոһȡȴ֪Ѿ
֪ΣҪƱˣҲ㹻ʵСķƣǾͲֵˣ



ʮ ɱ
ҶûκμɵУ˲һȥԷţǰ̤һ
ֲ
ֻҶ⡣
ֱ̫ˣǾǵۣ֮Щ롣
գ֮䣬ʮ߰öĵˣҶһĨľâõ޷⣬ֻԵģǼλʦԼǿߣɾˡ
ҶɲЩϣЩ˳Ҳ磬͸һ˳Ļᣬɵǣˡ
ϧҶЩ˶ǸɵۣˣҲ֪ʹȦòʲôˣתȥ˽ȥ
Ҷˣ˶ʮĻģȻ޷ơ
ҺãʱѾˡ
ͼ򵥵Ľ䣬Ȼ죬Ҷ߳ʹȦڵĵطתһĹ
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ˣҶ֣ˣʦ־ǰ棬Եһ£һ㽻ףһҪ߿ȴҶסˡ
׵ѣºһȥҵʦ֣潻ף񲻸ãҶЦ޺ȴǿһ¡
ΪҶлģźҶ㽻ףҶʹʹĴӦˣԣмΪˣû뵽ߵͻȻˡ
Ҷ֣ǷŶ˵úõģɫЩѿ
ҶЦ㵱ǷҲǷ֪˭Ƿ򣬺٣Ǿֵ¼°ɡ
кٺЦȴȻ׵ûгģǾ˰ɣҶǲԪҲ̫׷󡣡ƲƲ죬תߡ
һӻˣߵһҶˣµĲٻƲͰæˡ
ҧҧȻҶִˣǾ͸һɡЦɣǰ߼ҪĹ㻹β
ţҶǰ˼м䣬һʯŸţںʢеʱ⹬Ǽ֮أķˣʯ֮УȻź
Ҷɫ糣Ѿ˲Ծĵطţʵ̫ˣ˾ÿ¡
׵ѣԼȥɡҶͻȻפ㣬Цſ
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ҵҶΪֵܱΪϱ
Ҷ㣬Ҳڵϣ֣ܳһ¡



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һ򷨹һ۷ʮˣҲĶ֣ǣǰԼĶˡ
ʮ棬˾Ÿֻʣһˡ
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Ϊں˵Ц٣ˣ죬ɣ
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Ƕħޣһ֮ɫѿ֮ɴ۾Ҷ㡣
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ߣҪҶЦһػ֮⣬ɵĴڣڣг޺к֣쳣
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Цһֵգױױȵܣսٴʮ߱սﵽ˶壬أʼҡ
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˵ҲģҪȾ˵Ѫһһӳ֣ʱһסˣһҪɱȴҶһסˡ
һ̣һеһУȫҶ㿴ˣ΢΢һ壬Ҳ㹻ˣ㣬٣ΪͻƵĹ߰ɣ
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ҲҺǣѴ¶ˣҶҲŵù˵ʹʲô
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Ҷһɫ˲ѿ
Ȼһõ׶ӡǡ

һıȻ˼ǰ׶ӡøҪȥͻƣֻҪⶫܾǰļ䣬Ҵﵽʥ˵ľ硣
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˵ʥ֮ʵ̫ˣ



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һ貣ӨˮҶ˽֮ϣ֮Уһ⡣
ͨǺ˵ʮףȼҪԾ޴֮״ĵǴԣͬһʮף֧תǧꡣ
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Ҷüͷ΢峤ˣôǵӣ´ڷս֮С
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һֻֻƾɵУ߳ǿ׳ˣЩһʮֲֿΪͣһԲ׶εĹ֮У緢һɿֲ
۷ʮǿߣҶһĨâû뵽֮УԴ֮ϣȻһܹǬ½໥
Ҫ֪ˣڣУҪΪһ񶦾ǿߣҲ֪ҪķѶҶ㻳ɣԴİˡ
˹˸ˣ㾹Ȼ֪ǹ֮дһȣ˹һֵĿķȴûпһӰ
Ȼˣô֣Ȼȣ˲
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Ҷǰһܿ죬СкͷҶûг֣ҪСкǷԼ⡣
СŮʿץСк
ϧСкļ㣬޿ɱ⣬ȵҶ㣬Ҫ㣡
һ㣬Ҷ㿴ˡ
СӣȻǸ֮ģͨս棬ҲһﵽǷ켫ĵزڣ𣿺ߣΣֻҪս츳ѵƣ
ҶЦʿɲãҺ֬ѩеԼ置ıʴﵽ۷塣
ڣһȵˣǿ̫
ʲôʮʮȫ°ܽʲô½ŵӣӵӣȫ꣬ʲôϽţţ
һżģϵģֲ׵ս㹻ˣ
ͣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷˡ
Скͬǲ統Ҷ㣬սԼǿˣԣڽҪͷСк۾ˡ
Ҷˡ
ࣵһйȫը飬ţСŮҲȳЩʿȻȫˣ
ֻʣºСкִļһһ
񡭡ˣһ̣صĿ󹤷ˣҶ֣ǻΪҶˣˡ
ʲô֣Ҷ㿴Ск
껣СкĽĿҶ㣬ҶһУ߲յһУһ»ɱʮʿһ֣ͱϵЩǿǿˡ
˶ǳǿߵġ
껣Ҳ֣Ȼ죡ҶЦ껣֮һ֣ռҲܹ죬ȡˣǸ֡
ΪֵˣԲͨˣȻҲ˴ֵĲ
ȻĲƽҶûпɱԵġ
Ը𣿸ȥѧգһصߣôҶ㿴Ск۹⣬ָ֮һǸʿʵͿɱˡ
Скһ˿Ҷ㣬ֿ˿СŮ
ʱСŮץӣһ֮ɫ
ǣô죿Скԥ˵˳
ҶЦãҶᵱɱϲ˵ˣϲظˡ
кѣһ·չҶЦСкصĵ˵ͷһε˹ȥ
ҶЩƣû뵽ԼһͽͽܾȻεȥˡ
һöҩ껵Ƭ̣ˣҶ㽻Ĺʼϴ衣
лʦ
껺ִܹ񷨸ִţÿοҶ㣬ṧд񣬾Ҷ;ֹҲҪ꣬ٽҶĳͷ
Ҷô˵Ҳִ
ΪֻһܵĴǾʦҶ㡣
ֻʮ꣬ȵҶ㻹ҪСһ꣬ǵĳ̶ȣ˻һҶˣʵ̫ˣҶ㶼оһĺˡ
ûһ㳯ҺҶ㻹ĵô㣬֪ʶڣȥɣʵ̫ˡ
ԭ껴ĿΪҶҪЩ󹤣ҹϹƳһöѧԺҪʯ
ΪرҶ͸һһŲһһЩǱңͬʱŲƵһռ䡣
Ҳ御ˡ
껣ΪʦҪõʯ㻹ֳ֪ɵʯҪƵģҶ㿴̰ĵӣҲû취
ϣܵǣĵ𾴣ָоǶӶԸһ
뵽ʼ˼ԼĶˣҶ·Ҷ֪Сһôˡ



ʮһ ʯ
У⹬Ŵ֮һļϲռʯңʯɽַȥֻҪܻ⹬ܵõʯ껿϶ĵ
Ҷһ漴¶һ˿Цݡ
⹬ǼɵĵطҲǾŴ֮һͬ۷һǧŰǿߡ
ڼ⹬ڣΪļ̫ϳϣ۷ǧ֮ϣ۷֮ϣŵӺŵӣŵӾͶ۷֮ˣŵû̫Ļ֡
Ҷ㣬ҪģǼ⹬Ŀ䳤ϡ
ֻгΪ䳤ϣܻʮöʯ
Ҷǿʲôǲƴˣ˼Ҹ䳤ϣʮöŵأǾʤˡ
õһöôѡ
£ҶҲԥ˼⹬Ϊ䳤ϣ䳤ϵĹɲɡ
µؿڣһǹͼǼ⹬䳤ϵı־
նɱħʯʮö
ɱһͷͷʯʮö
̫ժһᣬöҶʯʮö
õն̨ʯһö
õӡʯһʮö

ЩܹõʯҶȰѿ䳤ϵĹһԣһ˼
ˣ
٣˺¼Ŀ䳤ϰɣǳţ»ⲻ֪֪жʦֽҲûȻҪ񡣡
ͷ֪ˣǶ࣬أ˸ãʮöʯ˵ֵǵϣ

Щ˽Ҷȫڶȴûһֳ
ɫûһ仯ֱӽնɱͷƽ
񣬾ͱɣ򽫻ᱻʦţ˫ĳͷһޱҶ΢΢һ۷˰ǿߡ

ͻư˰ĵҩ򣬱׬ȡʯлṺ򵽡
ͷڱԵıˣ뼫ϽҶٶȼ죬Ǹ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻһֻӴʮֲֿľڰŴ򣬶ܣΧơ
Ҷɫʱһ䣡
ֲ
ֻݾͷֻ޴ͷһ˿˿磬۳һ㣬һֲֻһ̣һ㱻ըˡ
Ǻˣһֻͷ­ͷһһ
ವһ£Ǻ˱㱻ˡ
Ҷһ𾪣һըˣҲ̫̬˰ɡ
ֲЩ˶ûгɹȫھͷ¡
Ҷ㲢żݷ죬Ҷ㾭۲죬֣ͷֻڳԶǣʱ
Ȼıɲһɱ
лһͷ­
ԭ򣬾ͷԶܽһͷ­ԣֻͷ­š
Ҷɫ΢΢仯һֻͷ­ֻͷ­ͬʱ۷߰ΪҲܲסһ
գҶ֣ȸɵһͷ­˵
ҶˣͷǺ˵ʱһֻͷ­㱻Ҷȭݺȥһ̣ԴȻҸϡã
ճѪһӿȪһֲͷðˣԿǳװȥаɫԽӲҲ̶á
ͷˣֻͷ­ֲһеҶ㣬
ҺãѰյµƷԴϣűһ
ξ֮Ӷĳ֣ÿһζǳ䲻⣬ӳ֡
һһŵͷ­ˣ
һţҶնΪʣͷ­ľͷѾȫҶĶ֣ʮöʯĽˡ
ʬȥʱ⹬ˡ
ȻˣʮöʯĽ˶ţҶˣͷǿ۷ŰĴڣû뵽˱
ȫ͵Ϯ͵ϮߴΣݷ˰֮ãĺܲҡ
ʯ㹻ˣıҲҪˣĺڴϣܹսޣﵽ۷塣
Ϊǿ䳤ϣʱ뿪ֻеͷű֡
ԣҶʱ뿪˼⹬ٴν̵ѧԺһ㹻ǱңеҩϾչ֮С


Ѷڵļ۸һĵҩͻ۷˰꣬ʵ̫ˡ
Ѿǿͻˣնʧܶա
۷֮ϣҪΪʥˣҪ̫ණԣ۷弸꣬ҪĿޣҶУͶȡˣĻħˡ
һöһöĵҩУԪײһƿƺϾҪͻơ
ǣǲ̫ˣȱٵľǻ
ԣڶʲôûǳҩѴѵĳԵҩۻ죬еҩѾˣ⻹һЩĽ
ҹ䣬ڴ֮ͷžžƿɶˣҶɫһϲҲûκδ⣬ҧš
ֱ糿ԸԳĴﵽ۷˰Ϊ
̶̰ʱ䣬Ȼ۷߰꣬ͻƵ۷˰꣬˷ܡ
ҶƵǣսƺƿ˼ֵҩǷ֮£ȫû;


СŸ磬ס£ΪʦҪȥרΪҶ֣
յıӣ󣬱Ҫ
ҶҪ⼸յĹר
ޣڹ۷˰ΪͬʱΪ۷Űû


ܹս
ǰ˵ֻöȵȵãֻҲȷǲ
ܰɣһıϾҪˣڽ𣿡
ǣ±ǿԶʢ΢޼ǿ߶μӣҲǺʱȻҪ׼ʱˡ

Ҷ㣬ͻȻϢ֮ɫ
սľҩ
ǣƴ˵ҩɸֲֿػһҪõܵõ˵ֶΣϣܹƵģʮˡ
ʮַ񣬾аʱ⣬δһš
ԣۣȻ޴ĺ䶯
Ҷ㵱ȻĶǴʮһöʯ㻻ȡİһʮһڵǱңҩ˶ڵǱңлʣ¶ڵǱңȻеȥˡ
鳤Ƶһڼۣڣһݺˣǰ֧һӣд
˺ܲԴǣ˵ҲЩҲٽ͡
۸Ҷüͷڣ۸ʵ̫ˣһöһʮѾܶˣⶫͻ۷Űĵҩˣ㹻ˡ
ǣҶһ֮²֪ڣһϢ
УʲôϢֵڣˣϢҲֵôģ
ǵȻڰ۷ǧǿߣҲ˶ǱҰ
ǻ˵˭ڣ㹻ͼƬ۷ŰĵҩˣϹ



ʮ 
ʮںɭ֮У޵һѹй̨ϯ
ĻȻ糿ѾϰĹߣ̨͹ϯϣѾˣȻҶúעһ¡
ʿȹ㣬ȻУ
ʿһģȻǱ΢޼ȻʿݣǺ
ĳ֣ñѪȡ
Ҷ˼ȫϡ
ڹҵһһϢͻ۷ǧĻԵǸļһڱĳһ仰
˶еһ£һɢ
Ǹƭӣʲôͻ۷ǧֱ꣬ΣҪͻ۷ǧ꣬ûκ;ֻһζĿޣܴﵽ۷ǧꡣ
˵ģһͻ۷ǧĻᣬû˻š
Ҷţߵֱͻ۷ǧĻԵȻУ
ֻϧҶеǱҲ㣬ڣڣʱĿ´ϡ
ʱһ׶죬в˳볡Ҷ۷˰
ֲ˲ֻ࣬ʮˣÿϱƣ񷣬˾ÿ־塣
۷˰𣿡Ҷ¶һ˿Ц
Դͻ۷˰꣬ûɽǣʮǿߣвЩ
ʱһвȫ볡۷˰Ҷ㣬һʮˡ
ҶȴҪע˵ϡ
ˣһ磬Ǳϵǿߣһ˫ӷӥʱһ⣬Ƽǿâ
һ˻ƽ൹ͨͨϵǿߣԱԵһûеǿߣǿرǰҲɫ
ִڣֲģܹѹסԼҲȵˣȣսΪҪ̰ðֻȡֲɫòҶΪС
һе죬̺һŷ˹죬еְԱλ͡
ӵһ˫Ұӣ˫ӣĮ䣬ûһ顣
ҶҲûע⵽ĴڣǾӹƽʱͻȻ֣Ĳƽˣ¾Լ޶ĸǰҲһ
һ㣬˿־塣
ûи飬ûˣµսһսҶ㣬Ȼ֪־磬ȻѾﵽ硣
ԣҲ֮ܰصԴ
ǩ
ǵĹԱÿ˵һֻͲʮˣÿ˳һ֧Ҷ㿴˿ǩϵĺ룬ߺţ
Ϊʮˣ鵽ߺŵˣֱӽ
ܰɣ˭˹ʺˣ鵽ߺţ
ÿóԼǩһ£ȵķ֣ûߺš
ǣڳĹˣһԣһ֮ɫ
͵ڸԵϣҲǿߣԣЩûиȥǣȻҶƽһˡ
һ˲䣬Ŀһ
һ˿ţ
ǿߣǿߣ
Ҷ˷ܣͬˣǿ߶ǿߣϣġ
ϣܺǹƽһսȿڣĿԹ˱磬ƽͣҶϡ
ڳˣһ𣬵ĴǵȻ˵ڣ쾹ȻϣҶƽһս֪ͬǺݽɫ
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ߺţ
˾һû뵽Ҷ֮ãȻ鵽ߺš
ֱӽ
ʮˣҶֱӽ£վ˵һλҲǵڶֵĵһ͵ڶֵĵڰս
ߣˣû˵ߣǲߵһġ
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ѣѣѣ
ͨԣǵҩ־ڱصá
̨ϣۣնɱ֣Ӷȫҡ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɭЦݡ
ڶ糿죬̨ǰۼɽ˺
ڶ֣ڰǽɢŵɫĹâȻԪ㾳磬ѧʮӣרһ־Ԫ
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Ҷʮ𾪣ܹΪڰҲʵ¡
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սɳ۳ңĵط
ҲŵǱҵζö࣬ö࣡ʾĵ
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Ǳٶ࣬Ҳ㣡ҶЦ
ǿ˵׼ʮӺеһУȫңĹâȫǶôǿš
ǿҸͿ˴򽻵ΪұҲǸˣҸҴģʮӺ㽫̨ϣҲˣҶЦˣȺбһ
ͻȻȻתͷȥйڡ
ǲţΣҶͬһ㣬ȥʱۼԽԽࡣ
ã˵ôģ
һʮˣʮӮˣֻӮһʮһһûлɱҲ䣡ΣҶǿţͬһȥһɲǣȫˡ
¶һ˿ЦݣҪľЧΪǱңʲô취ˡ
£óԼĶǱңЩ˿ۻҡ
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Ҷ˷ܵǣЩһȫҶ䣬ȻһӮˣЩǮȫˡ
ʱˣһôôǮ
Сһ˼޼ͻȻЦΪ仰΢ͱ˵УһĨֲɱ⡣
޼ž޴ͭߣŮĻȴ˾޴Ĳ̫ǿߵȫɱ⡣
治֪ڿҶ㣬ǹ˵ìͷҶ㣡
вСӾǾ޴вһۣͬʱǿߴѶػɱҶСӡ
ϧЩҶ㶼֪
СӣǱңҵսƷĿҶ㣬ҶսƷٶģɫôܺÿ
սƷҶ¶һĨζЦݣ˵Ц𣿡
һ仰˵ĺᣬŵĶ䣬ڶ棬ôͻȻ֮䣬Լǰ
ƾ㣬ҵĶ֣ҶЦֵգһƱ㳯Դȥ
һ̣˵һôô
ûл֮
һ̣ʵǵĴ𰸡
ƣ
һױȵȣθǳҪֱҶķԼһƬա



ʮ ۹ϣ
ƣǻҲøţҲøţҶЦ֮⣬ԣŵûɢ
ֻһֺֻݺݵȥ˺зԪࣵһ˲ը鿪
꣡
ҶĴ䣬ûһ㷴أһ̣һѪҺʣǱĸ飬ֻʣһͷʬ壬ĵȥ
һ̣㾲
ûһ˸֨һ
ս
¾ˣ
־壬Ƕڿ־壡
һӣһУ
۷˰ǿߣûһ㷴֮ʵֲ̫ˡ
һ̣ţҶΪʲôǿţչľ֡
Ѻעˣȫˡ
ֻһҲ˵ѺĶȫȥˣеˣ׬һʣȫҶѹ˽ȥѪ޹鰡

дһЦݣҶ㿴Ŵ͵ĲУ𣿡
˳λһҶʤĵҶõĴ䣬оȻаöģһöʯڶľֵõǱңʮڣ
ֻϧҶ㲢⣬һʮĻҪӮڣǣһʮĻǿܶ
ܶ˾ģҲѹȫҰɡ
սֻʣǿҶǰϲ˾Ǳ磬ƽ͵졣
ڶ۷˰
˳λһս磡
ڶ죬սƽ
ͬһʱС
磬Աǿߣ۷˰꣬է֣
зŵ۾ۣ۾ɱˣ¾ɡ
ҶһĨâΣԽǿԽ뿴ġ
ûпչľ֣ΪǶǿߵ£ڶľѾ˷ĵزҶͱ綼֮Ҷ޾Ȼһڡ
ҶԥѹһڵԼӮˣõһʮڵǱң
ϣ㲻ҪʧҶ㶢ű磬ױȵƣһΰ¶ƿֲһ̶ȡ
һ֣ͱӳһһ໥ԿǰеĽ
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Ը綯ˣٶȲ죬ȴֲ̨֮ѹȥÿһܲȳһ
ˣ
˲䶯ˣͬ׶һ㣬ʮֲֿ
ֶһƷ׷ɣҶֱ飬֡
ޱ˷ܣֻնɱĴڣŸ˼гɾ͸У
飡
ŶȻ䱬ըҶؿƺʲôһ㣬ɫһףҪȥ
ǱѹãһûԼ֮䣬ֱǸѹһ˽ȥȻѹ÷ǡ
ǱߵıҲܣһаӰȭԼϢء
εؼѪ鰡ҵٻ޵أ켫ǣѪ籩ˣİӰȭҶһɢˣ켣תȥذɡ
һʼڣѹŴ򣬲ͱˡ
Ѫ飿ҶʧɫţԶţѪֹ½ǿߣƵУѪ鳹նɱû뵽ڱԵ򣬾ȻѪĴ˵
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ãҶ㰵һɫȱ仯˲䱩˿ȥ
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ݿ࣬ױȣ
¡
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ŹƲ羫֮ҶУǻһ㡣
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춼䴩Ĺ
ҶСʱ򣬱ҶļһһֱѩأЩ꣬һͻƣҶһͻƣȷʵһһƷ
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һ֮𣡡Ҷ¶һ˿ɭЦݣ֮֮
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ԹεȿգЦѪطǱ촫ڵģڵıͳΪҶ֮ˡ
еʮҶ㣬ǿ
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꣡
һգֱɱҶ㡣
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Ҷ㱻ѹƣԽԽʽʼˣλоĸ󻼾Ҫˡ
Ҷ㣬ȷǸµĶ֣ǣұ磬עֻһ;ž֮ۻ룬ƵҶֵ
ۣ
ӱˣһ˿Ѫ۳ֱϡ
ӶһһУҶ㱻ѹúܷ
˶Ѿ϶ҶˣǮˣ޲ȥҶץסݺʹһ١
ĺ֮㣬ô޼һĨʧ֮ɫ
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ĪҪСǸСһ۷ǧǿߣҪâ
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ǸʲôĴڣôܵõôߵۣ
쿴ˣͻȻһ˵Ŀת̨
ȻҶ㶸Ȼ䷴һ߽˱й
绢
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磬Ŀ֪ĻϣĴڣõѪΣΪսƷѣҶͻȻЦƣΪñԴ֮ģͬʱҪ͸ĵƣԣûбԼֲս
һ̣һӳ֣֮ͬһҶϡ
֮ţյµƣȫͷ֮ϣ
ɣûһˣҶĿЦ𾪣ɭеޣֲХͬħһӴܶȥ
޼΢ɫ˲üѿ
ֲСֻÿֲݣ۷˰꣬޶֣޼Ծȣһߵۣ



ʮ ۹£
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ս糱ˮ¡¡Ȼ֮У޷ӭС
ƣ˻ߵĴŵϢһ̣ͻ
£־塭иȫˡ
꣡
Ϊľ֮Ȼըˣȭ˾֮˺ķһ̣֮죬Ȼը鿪һֲֻĴӡݺݵӡ˱ؿڣ
飡
ͬһԶԶ׷ɳȥһѪȻ伤ֻо¾ʹޱȡ
һ̣֮£𾪵ķ֣Լ飡
Ѩĳһ˿˿Ѫ飬ܻȥⱲˡ
ܸܵԪţȻ˭ûз֣ŵľԪ֮УһţҶ֮ڣҶüԻˣûĿŵɵԭ
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Ҷһţͬһһ۷˰ǿߣĲˡ
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죬ȴǼΪ죬Ҷսз֣Ҫսӷ£иǣսҲеǰ㡣
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Ǳңһö𵤣Լĵҩ
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ڣǸڴé˯ҶҲϻֱӺͺ˵Լ
ǴһĨ⣬һ˲˲ĶҶ㣬á
ңУǣһöĲֵǸ۸
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Ϊʲô۷ǧ꣬κ˵һܹ̤ȥˮ졣
ǣ̫ǿߣһ޷̤
ԣųϢ֮Ѿ̫ǰҵҪ˵ǣһ⣬˶򷨻ȥ
һ̣һâͿҶҡ
Ҷ۷ŰΪĶ֣
޺ļһΪ֮ߣԲһܹģڵҶ㣬Ʋһ۷һǧһǿߣ۷ǧ꣬Ҫֲ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽һôϻЦߵֱ
һѱҶУҶһսǴ
֣صĵڼһöǣϸ۲죬Ϊڲģʵǣһڿݾǿݾ֮Уͻ۷ǧĻԵ
Ҷɫһ䣬ݾȷǿݾ֮УдԵ
ȷЩţдԵĵص㣬쳣ĵطҲԱЩļһ̽ˡ
ǣδ˵пݾȴڣܲȡ
٣ȻҽȥҲǣ˵򲻵ѣҪȥƺ³Ҷ룬Ц
Ҷ㶸Ȼһ󺺶ɥöôֲ
ҽȥ֮ʱ۷ǧ꣬۷һǧһ꣡󺺵
Ȼ򣬲Ҷ㻹Ҫ󺺻һͼ
󺺵ûоܾƺΪҶˬԭɣһͼ㻭ˡ
мǣһĵطһҪȥʮȲ㣡֣صĵ
Ҷһͷ
ڵǱң˷ܵ˳
֮󣬴Сͬһеطһŵͼͨݾĵͼͻ۷ǧļ
Ҷеһ޶ûһĺ棬ǵ
֪ϢҶ㣬¶һ˿óѵЦݡ
µʼٸߣǱˣҶ㡣
һǰݾ˵ֻ⣬ǣ˶ˣļʻСܶࡣ
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Ϊһ˿ת֮ڣʮűսʼʮսȥ
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۷˰ǿߣͻƿҩҶѾͻƵ۷Ű꣬ҲͲҪˣԣڵ˵;
ҲҪС𵤣֮ٷãһս֮󣬷ãΪͻͽ̤۷ŰԲҲûпܣ
۷Űפأ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣҶˣ
۷Űｫ᰿֮ء
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Ϊ۷˰ĹھһսһĻᣬۺʱǹھս֮ʱ۷ŰھֵʱһĹھһսĻᡣ
ҶҪսԣǰˣǿҲ˵λǿߣ˵ΪҪ
ʲôˣ𣿡
֪۷˰ļһ𵤣͸ս۷Űǿ߰ǲķˣ
пܣһǱʤͷԣ

Ҷ̤볡ص˲䣬ӭһ˽
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ֻһϮ£ߵƺûб¶ԼΪʱģһ׹ȥֵܹס
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ԱϵǿߣĿ⣬Ըκ˿˵
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ȥɣ˫ŭһ˫֮䣬ɲǼ䣬񷣬ƺҪء
ֵɲǣӭͷкȫǹ裬˷ܵĽк
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ˣǳھѡ
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һֳǩٴγ鵽˶ţҶ鵽һţӵؾţԣһս˳Ҷؾ
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СҲѵõҶ㣿ҶЦ֪Ψһһ·µɱС
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۷ǧǸԶϰɣӰɣ۷ŰŰɡ
̫´֮У߳һˣı˱ȭȥˡ
٣ͷӰϹһˣ̫ͻȻ֮䣬͵ػعͷٴκȵ

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ˣ÷鲢ãңѵǱҶɱģԣҶ˵ǣڵҶ㣬ǸʱҶ㣬۷ǧ갡һָͷɱ

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Щ꣬һѴŵġ
ڣռ֮Уռ䣬̤磬ǽ֮硣
һ˸ÿһΪɲ⣬ҿҲ۷ǧ꣡÷ѵǵĵ
Ҷ㣬ľ˺ͽƤͬʱһ̧ɫء
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޲һ룬ȴͷǰɱҶ㡣
°ܽôû뵽㵹ǸѱļһһΪӣڿ㲻ǸαӶѣ
ҶЦˣȻȻ֮䣬ˣ
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ڿеҶ㣬ĳЦ
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۷һǧ꣬ƿλ۷һǧ˰һʲôʵʲôֲս

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֮УҶ͵һѪȥ˫Ŀ¶һ˿ϲɫ
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ƺʲô飬뵽ˡ
ȥˣҲɱģʹģ˵һ仰
ҶסˣҡҡͷͻȻЦ
ˣҪȥչˣսұҾͻƹضϣߣħʴ־ͻᷢʱܣ



ʮ һҲӣ
պһɽ֮ڣһӰͬӥһ㣬âէ֡
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⣡ҶӼԶһĻƿնһѱסָĺϣתԪ˺ܾá
ԪͬˮһɣֱҶµľԪҲһգǿȻ
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ܡҸоҪˣƺޱߺڰĵֲ̫ˡ̰˱ſнٺ֮С
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飡
һȭ͵ش˹ҶɫȻ仯ٿ죬һȭǰ··ȫ飬ֻӲƴ
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ſɰĴ۾ĵ
ȻҪˣرȻңҵ٣ͲˣҶЦ
ߣҧʶģҶһۣһתĵطȥˡ


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۷һǧ갡һʱ䣬͵㾳磬ҲΪʥǱ˲֮һˡ
ҡҡͷ껹ֿļһڣѾɳ˹
ͬʱﰵңЩѰɡ
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Ϣ۷һǧ߰Ϣܹõٺ٣ҶЦ
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ڤһӱҶץһâ֣Ȼɹˡ



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ãҶ⾫ԪԴ磬Ҳĵڰ˸磡
һһҹʱ䣬Ҷ۾ڰ˸磬еĻƣɨϵжϣԴ֮磬һˣ
Ǭī˵˵ɣɽׯ飡ҶЦˣͬһ㱻ӵøһ죬߸ϣǡͷϣָо̫ˬˣ



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Կ״򿪹ȴһƬǽ壬Ǵ򶷵ĺۼ
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һ֮ڣ߳Ӱ˫ƶһ˿͸Цݣ߳Ҷ㡣
Сһܲһ̾һ˵Ŀз



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Ȼ֣һȻ֣ѰסһľԪɲǼ䱻һգ

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ѵװɵ˼𣿡ҶһĨЦݡ
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Ҷ˵־Զɫױˡ
ΡΡĵ㵽ǻ᣿ô֪Щ㾿ʲô
ЩӦİɣ־ԶԹԵ˵Ҫ֪Ķһָͷ㣡
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ҶǷһ˿ЦξɽҲǸƽɫϣԼŮİĵİɣ㽫ĺѿ
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磬ѣȻҶĸ첲ʱҶаѳ
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ɵĵͷȴ֪Ҷĺϣһߣ
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ڣתʱ֮Ȼͬʧһ㣬תһЩսҶΪ
УұҪͻƣѰʯתĿǣ



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棿ɫһϲȷǴϲһ
ʸˣһ죬ֱ̤۷һǧŰԲ֮ǼĶ衣
ȻҲҶһƣǾͻƵ۷һǧŰ꣡
һƹضɹͻƣôͼ⹬һսڱС
ˣϣúϢɣҶ㣬ÿԼһţôˣ԰գһš
һ٣һ̣󳹴
ĥ£ôܳɲţ


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⼸ڣҶ䣬Ҳûз
ðҶһ߽У⼸ıУûʯټ
ףλ͹٣ôҪǶһȻʵ
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ˣҶ㾪ȵ߶ԾΪӣǼĴǲܷġ
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磬ǲҪȥòãʯҸ˳߼ٻҵĸңﲻǸõطǸ֮أҲܺ߰޵ĵĵ
ҶͷԴ
ȴЩģǼаҲԱûãǸĻǶҶ˵ǿǽı
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磬ΪʲôôǮһʯͷʯͷֿҲûʲô
Ͳ֪ˣҲ밡ʯͷڣһɲݣɹͻƵ۷һǧ߰ɲݣҶЦ
Ҷͻ۷һǧ˰ʱ򣬾ѾΪ⿪ʴֵΣˡ
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ǰǰʯͷﻹɲݣǵʲôʯͷɱǴ˴Ǯһʯͷ˵һ

Ҷ㻨ѾһʯͷѾһ䶯ҶΧм䣬˽
ǲţҲûϵɣгɲôǾʹӦһȻǸʯϢóһʯͷңҳڵļ۸񣡡
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£ҶҲϻֱһֻɰ֣һĥʯͷ˵ɴ۾
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СʱȥʯͷС˺ܶ࣬ȴûɲݵټ
ҿϹ˵ʯͷôܳɲݣ
ǰǰʯͷɲݣǻ̸ˣ

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ڣĿ鷢ˣʯͷоȻһĨɫ
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ѵҪɲݣܰɣ̫˰ɣ˴ʧɫΪǴɫԽԽŨ
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ҩûʯʯҲûУԵУļѵûһʯ
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ӵĿҶ㣬ܵͣλӣҸһʯҲڵǱ𣿡
Ǿޱȵķڣһ롣
֮󣬸һʯͷƽֵĺϣ۵һ£ơ



پʮһ а
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ҶԣɫʱϲȺСŮֻҪóʯҾ͸Ǳң
СŮͻȻųĿһۣ鼸¡
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۷һǧ˰Ϊһֵܹ˵ģ
ߣȥȡʯڵǱңҶóڵǱңŵһڣ˵
СŮͷҶһƶ
̶òڴĸףסƶ
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ҩ̶Ǯ˭ӾĿҶˡ
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аһλϹаرа䣬аȾҲ֮ܳΪȴһа
Դͻת֮Ҹоڵ䵹ǿѹˣаʵ̫Σˣɣסҵõа֮ٻ㣡
ᶨҡҡͷ磬ҪһȥߣսܵӰ죬Ȼһʲô顭ңңô
ҭţֻ֪Ҷһˡ
İɣҲµģҶͷȳգռ䣬ڽа֮ء
Ũɫһ澵һ㣬һаϢͣžһ
Զһֻͣµĸ󡡣
аʲô֮а˲˼飡ҶһĨĹâ
Ȼ䣬ҡΣղ㱻ѹˣ
֪ΪΣҵľȻޱȣҸܲһ˿֮ˣҶиƶõаȻܹ䡣


̫ӷģֵܶȻУаȻһĴ󺺣վ̫ӵĸǰ
̫оһףҲڽ죬ҪΪһλʥˣҲ۷һǧ˰ĴԲ
֣δġ
Ҷ㣬·ϵһʯڣȴҪĵʯ
Ҷ㣬ͻ֮󣬻նɱ㣬Q죡̫Цš
ֱرȴҶļΨʣһҸ׸ûһʱ䣬һֱûгֵķ
ԣΣķؽ֣а
˶۷һǧ˰ǿߣаȻڻ£ο⹬ҲǶ֮ϾˣҪĶȸһ룬񷣵ȸһţ̫óһöҩЦ
Ҳһ˲֪񷣵ǿܹ񷣵Ķ̫óҲͿ˱Ĳر⡣
Ҳ㿴뿪̫¶һ˿֮ɫ
СûʼǸǣڵ֮ǵõаõ̫ӵ¾ܷҡֱϣˣ񷣵ҲϧҲģ
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ʱҶվڲԶаһĻ
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ɷаһۣ˿̵а¶ɡ
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аֳһ⣬ҶĿһ٣⾹Ȼһ
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磬ҪаЩְЩΪаҪɷС
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ҶһĨľ⣬ɫû˿仯һĿаеһĻ
а͹ˣɷһץס˸Կͼ
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Ȼǿ󣡡ɷٺЦһԪϣһץסһ̣Ȼѹסˡ
磬ǿЩȥɡЦ񷣵ҪĶ
ۣ
Ȼ֮䣬аҪֶ˵һɷڳѪѪҺ˲̣ͷԵһɶ
⡭ôܣ
ɷʱͷȻʹ󣬳𵴣Ȼֳɷ˹
ɷ֮˼ϣֻȻûһѪ

˲䣬ɫòҰޱȣѪҺ·˲ʧһ㣡
磡磡ȻһסɷֱۣҪа𿪣ֻа뿪ɷɲǣɷȻֱͦͦĵȥ
˫Ŀͻأͬһ㣬ɫҰף۽Ѫ
ˣ
һ˼ϣȻˣ
㻹Ҵ磡ˣа
ôܣȻôˣ۾ţǰһĻȻģõаɷȻˣ



پʮ а
סˣĿа
磡˺ѷβҺ֮ʱֻһâ£ƴݿֱ࣬Ҫͷ­
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䷴Ӧʮ֮죬̴һȭֱӴǳ졣
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˻
һˣаѾɱ۷һǧ˰Բǿˣһ۷һǧ˰ļһȥʲô֣
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٣ǿɲܣһ۷һǧŰǸǿ֣߳Ŵ򣬻ûʲôסǣ
Уδذɣ۷һǧŰ꣬ҲֻڱԵĴ󲿷ַΧɽׯٺ١

Щ۷׷ףҶǲмһ˵ġ
аɲǣڵ֮Ȼȫˣ
ѵ֮Ϊͻ۷һǧŰĶҶЩȣΪתתֻ֮ס֮ȻҪ¹ƾһаܳɹ
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䡭
ȭӰɽӶĺƴݿ࣬أ˲񷣬ϱڣǿգ
һȭһȭֱаȻ֮ڡ
Ҫа챮ӡŸֱѹа֮ϡ
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аһ˿ѺۣҶһĨ⣬һչץһϢâһа壬оޱ泩
٣֪ԼʶҶ㿴аЦŵ
аа²򵥰ɣаǣֱرǰûһ㷴ء
адڤȴڤðɣ㲻ڣҾҪȫ˵ˣҶЦŵеһУѾˡ
㱾һڤҵλͣа֣ƳаϢѹƣᷢʲô飬ǣӡ֮󣬾Ȼһڤǿߣ˷ӡ֮أӶǼһ꣬ˣ˵Ŀɶԣ
Ҷǣ˼ô
˵ĺܶԣһɳƵ˳ﱿ׾ȻѾܾöûпˡ
ұڤ֮ڤˣֳ˰˴磬аֻ֣ϧаãҲⱻӡ˵ǣҵͬ磬Ҫõңʱ˲ãҸˣҾҵļ䣬֪ԼĹȥ֮ûûҹĲ˼γصҵĹȣ
ˣҶ֮⣬ûõĻ
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Թ磬Ĺȥħİ֮ĵλһ㣬֮Ϊ޹
ֻϧʱ˲ãа֣մȾаڵѾǴڤ֮ˣ
ţĹǹ磿Ӧ֪һඣҶһҲһ֮ţڱصá
ԣʼΪ֮Уˡ
Ҫʲô٣СӣȻǿǣվʥ֮κεҵģ޹ƺԼǳġ
ֱ֮֮ʹã˵˵ҵúε֮˵ʥκεңҲ˵ܻңֻǿԦҵİ֮һ޹ƺһ㶼Цһ
֮һıöôǿ
֮Ҷļʶ֮һͶӰɱ˵ֻ˰֮ĲӰȻһ
Լ֤Ŀ£
Ҳ֪ҵٶȣҶʾչʾԼļ䣬֮޹סˡ
ǵһο˿µļһٶȼֱ
٣˰ɣò˶೤ʱ䣬ֻҪҿϵͷһа취ΪãҶŵĵ
޹΢΢һȷ뱻ã
ǣǰһС
Ҫʲô޹ĵ
ҵҪܼ򵥣ֻҶ˵һҶЦЦݿʮּթ
һҪȥ磬ҵ򵼣׼ΥҵȻҪȥ㲻ʣҲҪϻֱӴȥͿˡڵһǾҰа
ҶЦŵ޹ȴһ㶣漴ɫ΢΢仯
аܣҵ
ʹ˵ĳɳ͸ң㽫ͻƷ֮Ҷյ
ڣ޹ͬˣҶǷһ˿Цݡ
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ʲôȻˣôܣǿһƷô˵־͵֣̫ˣ
ǰˣƺ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣡
Ǹ漣ߣִһ漣

ŶУһɫӰӣһ˿˿аϣתһ˿˿֮ӶɴľԪת塣
εϴ񣬾ҡΣ
۷һǧ˰ĴԲ֮ڳ
޹аҶ˵;ʵ̫ˣǣ˭û뵽Ҫ䣬Ȼ
ǲеˣ
һ˿˿Ԫתתɾתֽİ˴֮У໥֮ͨ䣬ҶĲ֮Ȼͻˣӳڴﵽڵľ硣
սѾܾöûжˣʮ屶ս˵ʵ̫ңԶˣ
˼֮ʱаȫ޹ȥһ㵭ɫİ¶˺ڵı壬ɲǼ䣬Ŷˡ
Ҷ㣬ȴһ̣ɹͻƣ
۷һǧ˰꣡
ԸԳ
ɵа֮󣬻˴֮ͻˣ۷һǧ˰۷壬սΪ
ʮ屶սûгɹǾѾԶӣ
磬˰̫ˣϲĵ
Ҷҡҡͷ򵥵˵һЩĵʵͻˣ᲻ᷴҧһڰ
ûӣİɣҲԼĴ㣬ͻ۷һǧŰ꣬ͻٴνɽׯȻ֮ǰһһҪҪ
ͻȻҶǷһ˿Ц
ȷһҪһ˵ʮҪ飡
̫ӣȵһܾ˰ɡ



پʮ նɱ̫
ʲô˵һˣҵ񷣵̫ӲûһѪ񷣵ǿǺķ˱긳˰ģͿ˱Ĳر⣬λ֡
ǣھȻ˵ˣаûõһ񷣵֪˭õˣ
Ҳ֣صõа̫˸ž⣬аڱصá
û˿ֹҲȰҲС
Ҳ̾һðɣ⼸㲻߳⹬ɣϣһ֮գͻƵ۷һǧŰ꣡
̫ɫϲҲ֣авֵĵ
Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣Ƕˣܳʥô򵥶ȹģ
һģ֪ᷢʲô顣
Ҳȥ̫һУҲ̫棬Բò֡
ҲͷİɣһңǸΪҲ۷һǧŰ꣬ûκεң̫ĵ
ϾǱ˭ڴΣ
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һҹ£ɫޱϲĮƺʲô鶼޷Ӱǡ
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̫ӣҶˣϴɾӣűɱˣҶȻЦš
Ļ£Ӱ˺ҹ
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ʱ֤ԴϵƷҶ˳âȥͬغ«һ㣬ڵϹǿֹסΡ
ٿҶ㣬Ǿ֮ɫ
ͬ۷һǧŰ꣬ҶȣԶˣ
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УҶŵ޼ɵЦ
뷨еһսҶ緢űѹ·ĺ뷨Ц
ֻ뷨һĨݵĹâһ˿΢ɲĿ־壬ƺҺҶһ¡
һĨǣҶҡҡͷ
ʱ䶸



پʮ 
뷨Ȼһ̣߶طڴʧɲǣȻߣ
ҶʹɫȻһ䣬ٳȥҪס뷨
֣Ҷ׳ǼƷӿƣȻ˳ȥ뷨ıݺݵײѪʲֹȴûһͣ
ߣ֤ȥɱҶܣͬʱƷú뷨
֤ѾҶū˵ĻûһΥͷӰʱʧˡ
ϣİɣ뷨ұȻὫɱҶĵ
϶ҶŲɣܹ֤ˣȻܹܣɱ֤Ҫɻʵǲܣ
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ץסңҪЩҶ÷ڶĤϣԼǷһ˿Ц
۷һǧŰ꣬ǧҪ룡
⻰˵ľе۷һǧŰҶ㣬ڽɽׯ֮󣬾Ȼܹɹ
ڣԽӡֱرĹŽǴ˵е
һ뷢٣ӵżϣҡͷ̾Ϣƺ˼ʲô
ߵɲǣͬʱҲɫޱȼ

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Ҷ𾪵ķ֣ͷȻξɽôϳӣ
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˵ˣҶ֪ˣ޵֪յ뱦صѡУѡ˱أûѡŮ
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ξɽҶ㣬һ˲˲Ķ
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ߣСӣҪ֤һҪŮãξɽ˼׷ԲԵģ˿ʮᡣ
ɣһʲô⣬ŮһչˣպлһĻҶһõģ㻹ǿɣŮҪչˣҶε
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ҪеһжҶ㣬ȴҶ£ȲҪ˵˵ݣܶ黹ʱ򣡡
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Ҷ㻹ˣһϣ˵ʮҪȻ˵ᷢ漣һʱѣҲΪĺ£һݾ޽еĻԵ
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٣֪ԴȻΪǴ½ģǬ½ǧıԴԴأ򣬶ԴǬ½㣬Ǭ½Ҳ²ⲻĻĿģ½ãޣ
ξɽܴһеģȻҶıԴ˵˵Ŀġ
Ե򣬾Ϊãޣû뵽ţҶֱԲĵ
磬Ѿвˣοã޵ĳ֣Ȼ䶯
Ҷ㣬ãһԵսңͲ֪жˣҲϴơ
ʱ䣬ǡþʱ
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ȻҪʵ̫ҾʮյоڵõһۣǾѣ
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٣ʹˣǿߣû˲Ը⿪ӡΪЩǿ߻𣿴ֻԼĽģǼȮѣ˾ˡξɽЦ
˼˵ܹӡЩǣԻٸҶ𾪵
ȻǿջΣɿڱ𴦿ɣ٣Ҳ㲻֪Ե򾿾ж󣬷ʥ˶ξɽ
գֻ֮֮ã;ûãһλűǿߣ̤棬ѰһųһжճתȻ½ǰ֮ʥʲôƾܹ磬οһԵˣ
ҶһĨ˷ܵĹâãо̺ʲôܣӵǿ



پʮ ɣһ
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ǣҡΣȻǹⰵƺǺ˶ˣ
Ȼξɽ˵һ㣬ЩΪԼ棬ٵеҪѣӶòãգ
΢޼뷨ʣµߴڴˡ
ÿĺ棬űڵΨһһ۷һǧŰǿߡ
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Ҷ㣬ĵӹȻ԰죬Ȼ֣һĨЪ˹صŭ⣬۷һǧŰԲĴԲǶȹʥĴԲǳ¡
ʲôҳֵģ磬ĿŶҵУȴͷڹһҳҶŴЦ
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ҹɣգҶҪɣǵѪãޣΪãҶЦŵ񷡣
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ҶǸܴ漣ˣһ;ʲôݾѭûκ׼Ҫȹֱǳ˵Σ
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գФФͺФФȻ֮ˣ
֮ҶıȻФ֮ʵֲ̫ˣһ̣ܼ֮ûһ϶ǽڣƺһϸ΢Ŀ׶
⣡Ҷ㾪һ֮ܵƺѹס񷣣գòҧһڰФ񷣳ȥ
ڵľԪ֮ѹɡ
𣡺𣡺
Хɽ֣£棬߲
ĴФͬʱѹ֮£׽֮׳ۣǰδ
ҶȹоϷ飬ȻФҪǾϷǿĲ֪ٱ
飡飡飡飡
Ҷ㽫ʮֱرһһпһ˿Ԫϣһâ͵ţ֮ͷŵ˼¡
Ҳ벻ܾõ֮˿̾Ȼֿİ֣
һսһ죬ǱߵıնɱФߺ޵ĿҶ㣬Ҫľôܵ䣬Ҫôܱɶס
Ҫôڴˡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡֮ݺݵĹᴩϴһ󽹳֮ζ֫ƺסһ㣬޷ĿФȻҧ˹
ߣľԪܻеԲס㣡ҶһƿնȥһڱԴϣоԪ˲ӿҶ֮ڡ
һ콾Ȼôľˡ
û˱ǣƣФţФҲײߴФѹҶе㴭
ǭ¿һâһʬ˵ߡ
漴ȫˣʥˣ
Ҷóʥ壬Ϊľǵֵ
һжҪ˽ʱˣʥϼǿ̽Ѿܾ˰ɣˣҿһָоǲĺܣҶǷһ˿ЦŲ


ˣӽһʱ⣬û뵽Ȼˣлһ·ߵĶǣлҵı༭ɳӣҲлԼˬ



һ ʥ
һ۵ߣһµߣǶǾ⾼˫Ŀ
µߣӣȫˣȻޱϲ
˼ֻͻƣʥ
û뵽֪ˣʥһĨľȣΪԼļƻӦ޷ģڿòѾʶˡ
ǣʶΣ
ô˵ʥˡ
Ҷ֮׵ѹɹع鵽ʥ˵ľ硣
ˣҪȹʥ󣬺ٺ٣ûôˣµ߿ˣǱˣϼ
ʥҶĳˣֻҶһʼ֪ʥ⣬һֱ̲
һ̣ڳʱҲжԹ˽ʱ
¡
ߴФȻѹƻֺ꣬ݿࡣ
ƺҪѹһ㣬Ҷ㲻ɽûߴФĿʥ֮ϡ
ʥ֮ʱ֣ʱҶһʥ΢΢ζ
ʵ̫ˣҾʥûôʥЦǣһ̣Цϡ
飡
ʥȻˣ
Ҷ˵ǰ㣬ȻĹߴФȥ
顭
ײ˷ФѾʥɴ۾ǰһĻ
ܣҵôܱƣⲻܣʥʧɫŲŵĹâ
һԪ
ȣǣȴ޶ԣҶȴЦԪ㵱ȻվӦҶ㣡
ܣҵģʥʵڳܲһûʥˣʲôʥˣһʥɱ
ʥǧ㣬벻ңҲͱȫˣڵ׵ʱˣҶЦ
ʥţٻԼ򣬿ƺһȻ
ҵҵ尡ʥһѪɫѿ˼¡
֮ǰĵΪƾҶèĹ򣬸û취ԼԷĵĽӶԼɹͻơ
ǣȻ֮
ȥɣҶ㾹ȻӲаѳһĿգֱӴʥ
ʥֻоĺëըκȻȥɲմֲһմȾ֪ᷢʲô顣
ʥ޿ɱܣҶһȭؿڣʥɫ쳣ѿ֪Ҷٶȣô˿ֲ
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ȥɣҶ㵥ץסֻʥȻ
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ѾܵвһҶǿֲޱȡ
֪ʲôȻɳ˹
ϼҲԥǲӦմȾնɱҶ㣬ֵֵã
ҲòǣһմȾô
ãһ㣬Ȼ֣Ȼǰʱ򣬾Ȼ仯һӰ
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ȴԼĶӣǣӳֵʱеǸٴɫ䣡
⣬Ҫƻҵľϼʧɫɫѿ֮ҪȴǡӡӰӣʵ̫ˣ
ûʱȴ
飡
һӡؿڣϼҪʱȴ֣
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ϼݺݵɨУѪͬעһɫҰ
һ̣Ҳ
ϼʥƵζôҶĹЦӰӣûϼӵӰӣ
Ҫһʥ˶Կҵ㣬һУûκλᣡ
Ҷ㣡ϼҧгݣ֪лһ˿ǾĶӣ£ҲҲûˡ
ߴФͽˣҶĿŲ񷣬һᣬǾתصģ

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ٵʱҶɫ˿䣬ĿŲ񷣬ֱ룬£Ũ֡
ʥһĨâУҶӣ
񷣹壬˭ܹܵˣ
һʥսɵ񷣣֪ﵽʲô̶ȣϼ˵ĵĵ
ƺĽ٣Ͼǳˡ
쿴ʥ𾪵Ŀ񷣬ΪҶ־֮ţʮֱƣֱ񷣵ϢȻʧˣ
ҶΪȻĴﵽʥľ磡
̣̣̣ҶӲ񷣬Ӳ񷣬ֱӴ񷣾Ȼͬٴ麣һ㣬ӿҶ֮С
һ̣ߴФ񷣣ȫӿҶ壡
Ŵ磬ݻһĻ񷣷ҶıתֲĹ
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ˣһҪֹһ֣ʥˣʥǣٶʵ̫ˣΪҶ㽫ʥ壬Ѿȥ
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ʥϼûһ㷴ֻ֮ĿҶɡ
ǿʱ򣬲㱻ɨУһ㳾
ԣԣԣ
ֱҶſֲգһȭƲ񷣬񷣣ˣ
ڣе񷣻ɾԪȫת壬Ҷϲ֮ɫ
ʥ֮𣿡ȵĴһȭȫˣ
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ʥϼǵĶԹ˽ʱˣҶЦŴ˳
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ԹߣҶ㣬Ϊ㷽ˣֶΣɹͻʥնɱ𣿡ϼȵ
ƺһʱ䣬ǵĶԹǷˣһֱ⣬ԿҶ㡣
ҶЦͬʱһȭʥһȫʧɫΪҶսҲˡ
ʮս
ʲôʥʮ˵ʥǸոսʥ˾ǿߣǶĶ֣
ʥûʥȱʥôĶ֣
ȭӷʥҪܣһȭȥǰһܵĻᣬ˿ֻ̣мܣȻֻһ;
ҵֿҲʥ쳤Х



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ҲҶŭһֱһ£ʥûһ㷴أɾһ𣬴ݿ㽫ʥɷ飡
Ҫ壡ʥˣϹŵʥˣʥŭŶҶ㡣
ǣҶͻƳΪʥһܹģһ£ܹܵס
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ʥ걻ˣеԹޣ鳾ˡ
ϼɫȻһ䣬𾪵ĿҶ㡣
ܣΪô˿ֲʥҲʥ˰ϼȻʥԹ꣬ǣʥˣ֮С
٣㲻Թ̾ҾͻȥҶЦһȭƴݿࡣ
ϼ֮ɫҪȴȴӰƺʲôסˣ
⣡ϼ֣Ҷսʥֱ൱һλʥ֮ǿˡ
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磬ȴǲаݺݵĺҶӲƴһУ
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عǳһѺۣ󣬾ȻѿѪ˳ʶ£֪Լ覵壬ôһ˿©Ȼһʥˣ
ܣҲţϼŭХǣʵû취Ťת
Ҷ̶ȣʶˡ
ϼ֮䲢Ӧþսģ㱾ҲںĶΪʲôΰǵҩ٣͵ڶԸңҶĿϼ
ѵһҲдҶ㣬ʤΪΪܣ֪ҼʥˣҲĶ֣ǣҷȰһ䣬պʥˣһָͷ㣡ϼЦ
ܲңͲˣǣڣҿ־㣡ҶЦ
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һȭ˳ȥֲ֮˼£
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ͬһ㣬ݺݵϼ֮£ڣˡ
ҶϣõľԪ䣬ԼҲﵽʥ۷壬ʥˣҲֻһ֮ң
ֻ֪ҪٸɵһʥˣɵܳΪһλʥˡ
ϼļõʥ˵ľԼһԪ˼£ԱΪǿս
ϲϲΪʥʥ֮Ҳֻһ֮ңˣȣҵȲ֮Զӣ֣
ҶǺǿһתҵڳʥһ̣㳹ʧˣ׼ȷ˵Ǳ񷣸ˣĿǰҲû취Ϊ㸸ȥ䣬ֻ취һ죬ܹɹ
ͷ˿ƬиһΰĹ롣
ƬȻˣؽ֮Ϊкβأ
һˣϵҶħ֧սӣԵ
ʱ׼ûǺõģߵģҲԣһפǿռԼ򣬱˴֮ల£ߣڵˣպ󣬾͵ＯϣҶо˸
¹Ƽϸ˲ֻɿһ;
£ϸӵԼ־
ЩԵˣҶе𲻹ԣЩԸЩߡ
պ󣬸ˣȷ˺ܶ࣬Щ˾Բһ˼ҶģǵҸᣬ׬㱾Ǯ
ԣҶҲֻһЦع½֮ЩҲ١
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ãɽҲˣʦүһһսƲңҪǰӴսӳ֣ãɽ֮֡
Ϊʥ˵ĳ֣òãɽʦȫû;λʦһһϣʣһǰӵʦ⻹Ҷ֣Ҳ
ڵĴ½Ǹʥ۵ĵط
ССţȫʥʲô񶦾ǿߣڽ죬ƨǣ
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֪˴½ĲпᣬҶȴǱֹ۵̬ȴﵽʥ֮ٽ۷ǧʥˣڴ½ϣռһϯ֮ء
ȫϴƣãɽ۹سǣȫˣɽںؼ
ֱˣ̫һţڣԶɸӴ
ţڵĴ½һߴÿһŴʥ򣬷˵ߴС
ǰĵķֱǣڣţں޼
ߴǵǿߴš
ţҲߴźɨձ࣬磬ħŸ˵ˡ
ڣǵŵļ壬Ǵӱ³λʥǵĳ֣ʹ˥΢İںɨ磬ǣÿޱǿ̲ɣϳһ𣬾ǰڡ
٣ش½˼ˣҶǷһ˿Ц
½ԽңԽɳʱ
ڵĴ½Ĵ½սʵ̫ˣߴţ춼սģȫնɱ
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ֵһǣҶĵˣڹһ֪Ϣ֮Ҷ²⣬ھ˽ġ
һˣһ˿ģˣһǿµĴڡ
ʲôħ壬ǰȫ߹
һ¼ݱӣ˸о˷롣
ҶһĨľâԼսӸʮ⣬ʮ֧սӣȫɹһ֧սһˣٲս״̬
֮ǰ޼һսƯڶ½С
вĽҪͶʥãҶĽ㣬ҶһУ
ڵҶңǴ½صںԪɸҶҵĺʥóֹɶ޹λʥˡ
ԣҶҳΪ½һص
ʮ֧սսı¶½ȫʧɫ׾û뵽Ƥӵ£Ҷ㾹ȻӴ
뵽ҶѾ˺ʥã˿̵ʥģ˶æµ
ܹʥõˣҶҵĵϵҪôҶļˣҪô£˸ǣȴһˣĿȻѾˡ



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ҶĹʥ÷ˣϵҶۣλ겻ڼҵļį飬Ҫեˡ
ڶ죬ӭȢϹϹĶ֮ҹҲʥҶΪգںƮȹһҹ
죬Ҷһ飬ͽ´ƣڴ½ʤ̭ãɽѾڣǰڣܲƮƽ硣
˵ҲͻƵ۷ʥ˾磬ʥľ磬ҲԶˣԣĿǰڿ֮УԼ
ɽ糹׳ˣʥĸ𲻹۷ʥˣδãûдʥָ㣬ҲͻƣûҲûȨĿԣǸԸڴʥĽ¡
㣬ڣؼңҶԹܻ⣬ĿǰͶڣԪɸ֪ǻ᲻ٴߥޣǷҴΪʵҶá
ҶΣǴ޳һСһЩΪ壬ҪǣģҶ㼫ҪõĻģ
𾪵ǣһ֮أзӡһرƺ˵һֱֻۣĹš
˵ֱۣҶʯֻʣһֱֻۣܹˣʯˣҶ²ֱ۵ļɽشã
ܵܣΪŸոȶǹ๦˵δܳܵס㣬ҲʧΪɣο䵺ڼҿ㻹ǲҪǣȥ䵺ɣҶҡͷ
Ϊ㣬ʲôǰѵܷܵڵһλġ
Ҷҡҡͷģа취
ڶ죬Ҷ뿪ʥã죬ٻʱ򣬾Ȼʥˣʥá
㣬ĶѩݼȹΪΪҶڷ
ʥ㹻Ҷļסһɽˮģ˷ʥȫϡбοҶشʥ˼ʹõıǣʹǵսٴ
ĸףҶ㵹ǲˣҶĸΪĿľƳܰĻȥ
ĸҶҵ꣬Ҷ·ҶԼĸףĸһ˳еġ
Ҷ·ҶѾˣҪǣҶҵСҲСҶ·ͷԵģҶǾŹ֣Ҷ֮ûܵӵĹƻ
ǱˣͲˣǻԼĺӣҶֻܿЦźӡ
ҲҪΪҶ˽ײҶĻ߸ߵ𣬽۵ҶùЦ
Դӽʥ֮󰡣Ҷһ𣬶Լˡ
ԣŵܵȥһᣬһ㣡ҶһŮŮ£óһĵҩŮԡ
֮Ҷ̤̣ҶҲҪһߣǣʥûʥ˵壬»죬ԣϹͱͻƵʥ˵ľ硣
Ϊ뿪Ҷ㲻ѰҸϡԴṩͻƣ̶̰£ϹԽ˵ʣͻƵʥ֮βʥ֮Ļݼһ֮ˣǸʱҶѾƮȻȥˡ
ֵһǣҶħҲҶҶָ£ʥ֮ΪԭҶħۣܵʥĵӣһˣ磬ʼԼĻҵ
䵺ոճ˰˷׶ǿߵƼ֤˴˵ļֵ
˵λǴޣǴѾռ죬˵䵺ϵҪǿߣڡ
ڣߴеڶռǴ޵Ĵ벿֣иǻкǿߣԣǴ޾Ʊʮֽš
İ˼ϵţҪôҪôϡ
ģ⵺жٻأסЩǿ߷ھ𣿡Ҷо˸ûȥڿ󣬶Ŀļ˵õĻࡣ
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٣ôҡ벻Ѱ
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ҶԣĿָָķ˹ȥȻһʬ˵£һ֮ɫ
ѾˣУ߬һöġ
٣ɱӻҲһô밡Ҷ°ͣתĿ⿴Ǹߣ֮䣬Ѿ˲ƹȥˡ
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սȼ𣬲ֻվں澲ĿţǰϾʥսмܺ档
˶Ļģ˭Һ棡һĴЦߵѪ֮УҶüͷҪᣬǣһʵ̫ˣĿģʯֱۣ֮أԲΪĶ¡
ԣĿŹҧһĻ
Ȼܶ˲ŹĵĴûᣬԣӶģǧĻģ֡
һ͵ļһõ֮μضȥҶȴں档
Ǽһܴθı·ߣȻڵ˹ȥȻҶȴһԾĵط
Ҫ𣿡Ȼ䣬һȴ͵ļһʱһϡ
飡
һȭգٶȿ쵽˼£ȻλҶ۾
ÿٶȣʥ֮ϣȻǿ߶࣡˷֮ɫƺбأս
ڵӣ㵽˭ǵ͵ļһڻǸǿߵĶ֣Դ֮ǰʳһ仰
ڡ٣ﲻ߹һ㣬ǰڵǿߣһ˿ЦǧöĵĴӱ
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һճ֣Ӱӿ쵽˼£ڵĺǿ߶۾һ£
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ģܲ𣡡ܵҲ䡣
һŭ㾿˭Īǲ֪ҰڣߣҰ£Ҳǵ죡
ڣ߹ҶЦ֮ˣǱܾõҶ㣡
һ֣֮ƣ
㵽˭ĸڵߣҶĻ¶һ˿Ц
ķϻʵ̫ˣھɣһȶȻһɴݿֱӴ˵ţ
飡
ٶȣ쵽˼£˾죬ҲЩӦ
ҲҪСٶȣǧһ֮ʣٶȱ˼£˫ȭݿһȭ



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һȭӴӷ±ŷֲˣֱӷɵ˲񷣬ɨ£̵ɭ˲ĳƽء
һʥ˶ѣҶЦһĿǰȻʥʮսʥˣ
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ֻоһϣһֲӣؿһ㣬ֻоѪ˷ɣѪӿѪѾͲסʶ
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Ƭ֮󣬺һϢˡ
ɱһʥˣЩѶȣҶȴķְԴϡ
Ҫɱң˿־ˣҿԸһ׮ܣ
ᵽܣҶ΢΢һɣľԪҲʼи⣬˵һ·
ֱۣ˹ֱۣ֪ʲôط˼Хš
ҶǰһвѰҶ˵ֱ
٣ȥҾͷһ·ҲֱľԪ꣬Լȥ񲻸ãҶЦŵ
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ڰǲλ۷ǧʥ˳Ϊľǵõʯ˵ֱۣ
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Ҫ֪۷ǧʥˣǿǿԽʥ˺蹵ʥˣͨʥˣҶܹնɱĲͨʥˣ۷ǧʥˣûһ㻹֮
ǲλ۷ǧʥ˳֣޼ںԪɸͬǲһλ۷ǧʥ˳֡
ҶȻ֪ʯ˵İز򵥣ؾʲôҲ˵ô£²⣬ؾڽߵļ̳
ûƭĴ˷ӡֱ۵ļ̳ڡ
ν̳ʵϾһ˽Σשɵļ̨ʮֹӣ˵ƾɣǣжȫϵĹ
ѹֱ۵ĵط̫׹ǣǶ峤֮ء
ڶ˵ʷУܹǼ̳Īҫǣ죬ȴвǵļ̳öʮֿա
С壬Ҳ۷ǧʥ˵Ĵڡ
λ֣ʯ˶˵ʵ̫ҪˣغܷǸܵصԿףҪǸѰõʯˣڵһλŵӣаʯҡͷ
Ǹ򡭡붼ˣûи۷ǧΪȥ˵ˣΪΪȻ۷ǧĿǿ߽룬СϺ׽ȥڷɶ˻ΪһչŬһǧ꣡
ڵŵӣ̵Ĺǰ
֣⻰ͲˣŬʯ˵ֱۣѵΪʦ᣿ʾʵ̫ˣһڵӣˮõ
ƴƴһֱۣΪľǽǱأȡһ˿ᣬͻ۷ǧ꣡٣˵ãֱӽ۷ǧ꣬ߵ˻ӡ
Ԫɸŵӣĵδ˵̱꣬ס죡
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ӡʲô͵Ҷ㣬һżΪüĿˣǽһ룬⽹
Ѿ˵ҶͶʱ򣬾½ƣֻҪһ˿ͷ̾ͻ
ȻûģȻ׬Ҷ㣬ͼıֻļıȴҶʶˡ
ҶͲҲǱţ
˭ͻȻ֮䣬һȴ˳
Ҷˣˮ
ƺʲôವһ´ӷ˳ٶȿ쵽˼£۷ǧʥ˰Ҷɫһף
ٶҲ죬۷ǧʥǰǲһأ
СӾȻ͵ȥɣˮѾϳŭȣֱ̧ǿֲһȭ
۷ǧʥ˵һȭҶëȻϵĺëը
⣡Ҷ΢΢һؿڳһֲ˿ڣϢ٣ˮǷһ˿Ц˹
ҵģ㲻͵ǵ̸˵ǣڣɣˮЦ
ǵ񣬾ǵõʯֱۣŲ۷ǧʥ˲ʹܣıܵù͵ˣΪ˱ܣˣ
飡
ˮֵɲǣһڻײˮΪһرǡǰ
ǣץֵɲǣɫüΪѿ

һĲҺ˳һֻ֣ž֮ţʮֱرк֮޹һϵر
һצץ£Ȼ˺ֱۣ
Ѫ˳Ŷϱ۴ʣͬעһ䣬һӰӴӰֳ
Ҷ㣬˾Ҷ㣡
ȸǣ˾ã

ıһצ˺һֱۣ
ҽֿ־壬˱
ֻϣһҪңˮХֱ۸߸ߵϲ񷣬ʱ򣬾ȻҶ
ߣϣȴֱۣǸ߸ϵʥˣȴһֱֻۣҶĻͬһݺݵˮʹ
Ҫɱ㣡
ˮˣҶٶޱȣȼ˽ӽǧԪٶȿ쵽˼£ˮ˿ãͬ׷ȥ
洫ʯʣһʥһĺֹڵˮѾ˷ĵزôǵĻͣ
̫ˣȥɣɱǸϣֵǲģЦŵһʥˣûʲô
οһʥ
˭ûҶһ˿óѵЦݣ
׷˴죬ƺ߳˴ǴޣҶȷˮû۷ǧʥ׷΢΢
٣Ϊͻʥ֮ļƷɣҶǷһ˿ЦȻ䣬ͣס˽ŲȻ۷һȭ
ʮսӷ˼¡
ݿֱˮ
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СˣթˮȵǣһȭѾҵǰһȭ£òӦ
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һһĵʹˮϴ˳ˮһ˺ѷεʹʣµ־Ȼˣ
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顭
һȭһȭƴݿ࣡
ֱӴˮɫԽԽףҲûһõĵطȫ޻֮
ͨ
ĵڵϣһϢֱ㶵ĿҶ㡣
㣬ʥ𡭡



 ʯ˰
ǣһ̾ͲˣҶ¶һ˿ЦݣְˮԴϣԪͬϫһӿ壬ʥľţʥ˵ľ˹ȥ
ˮĴͷҲ벻հڳʱ֮죬Լ֮أǸոտͻƵļȴڴˣĲİ
۷ǧʥˣǾͻƵļƷҶ㿴Ŷ˾סĵطǷһ˿Ц
ĵطΪªҪһλ۷ǧʥڿͱأõֱˡ
峤ô죿Щһ﹥ˣλ۷ǧʥ˰һŻŵˣһŭǰ־ĵ
ʲôˮڣ¸ôŭһʥ˵ľ綸Ȼͬʱȫ׳üϡ
񰡣ҪѣۣΪ峤Ĵ£ȫȥ
˳˸󣬾ʮСĳ˸ߴ
ڣ׳һʮˣ֮ϵǿߣ϶Ҫˡ
峤İɣһʧģ׳Ĵվϵ
£˳ȥһֻӴı֮ıÿһһҼΪء
ʶģͰֱ۽壡ڵǰʯʣλ۷ǧǿߣͷˡ
ҪֿҲУǻһƽĻᣬֿĺǳʧʷĳ٣һ¼У֮󣬴½Ҳû֪ƣ
Цһ䣬עصĲǴУʷ
һ˥˵ϣľܹȥú֪绹һĴڡ
ţϣ
٣Ҫ׬õķӡ붼룬ֻҪͷӻһ죬Ǿ붯ãȻ䣬һХ˳
ֻһݵ߶Ȼ֣ٶ֮죬Ҷ㣬о۾е㻨ˡ
ͬһʯӣƽ粣ˮƽϣơ
٣ϲȥʯűƵͷȻһȣವһ´˳ȥ
һ޼ǿߣԪҲų֣λ۷ǧǿߣһĹôǵĶ֡
顭
ս˲ﵽ˰Ȼ·硣
ҶվصĵطһĨľâǸߵϣܵģһȥǰɱеƣ
ʯ˵״ʲôأʯ˵ͻ۷ǧ꣬ǿҶ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣǾȻôţѵһֱۣͻƣҶɻ
ܣжȻ̺Ļܣһʯ˵ϣһֱۣΪʯˡԾʯˣѵһ𣡡
ҶһĨâƺ뵽ʲôʯƺĲһ
ʯˣ᲻ǽĳصԿףͻȻǰһƺ뵽ʲôӡǡ
ѵǻıأҶԽԽÿܣ˵˰صĻǻӡǣؾǻӡǡ
οҶõʯ˵ĵطлĳûҲͻء
٣ȲЩˣ治Ҿû˻ˮĻˣҶо˸
ͻȻĿһ٣漴λ۷ǧʥеһλҲǰһʥˣĮˣ۾գƺһж޹һ

۾Ȼ˫ĿԲɣһ˿µĺâ˲է֣ܵ¶˲ȥҶɫ˲һ䡣
ǿҶ󾪣Ҫȴȴһֻؿڡ
ÿĽҶЦһǵһΣûκλ֮
Ҳܹҵ壡Į䡣
һѾ˲˵Ŀ⡣
ĿҶ㣬оеϤϤ˵ȷеĸо
Ҫܾ𣿡Ҷ㶨˶ΪԼٶ˫ûܹǣĮٶʵ̫ˣ
ǿδأһȥֻһ;ĮЦŵ
ҶͻȻЦˣһֻ֣жһŲţڴ̴ҵʱҲ㿪Ƹ
ĮһĻ巨ôܱҶˣ
Ҫ𣿡ҶһĨâ
ĳ֣˰ʯĲ֣ݱսȻΪһΪ˵Ĳ֣ö淴ΪʤƺԪȻǸͷѹŴ
ĮɵʯֱϾҪˣκ˳ֽ֣
飡
Ȼ䣬ĮˣҶͬҲˣ
ٶ֮ͬ죬ĮĽһĳҶ˹ܾˣ
ܾ˵Ĵ򷨣
ߣȥɣʮսȻҶҲ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ֣ȫȻؿڵһƬѪ졣
꣡
һ֮ҶǷһ˿ЦĮֻоһɾҵʹԭȱѪҲת˾ԪӦѪˡ
ǣҶһצȻץľ
ܣô˺Įģʥ˵ľ磬Įһ۷ǧʥˣһʵ̫ˣʯվһԵоһҪնɱҶ㡣
ȴʯסˣĮʱˣȳ֣쵶ն飬ö˳ʧʷĳ
ͷ˻ȺҺ˷
죬ҿ죬ϾͻֳҶһĨľâ˲ʧˣڵϣһ󴮵ĲӰ
죡죡죡
ĮҲʾٶͬޱȣʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ㣬ЩţĮȻٶȣο۷ǧʥˣ
٣ˣȻ䣬һЦĮĶĤֻоĺëը
⣡
Į⻹ǵһΣĵһΣܵв
оһ֮
ۣ
һ˺Ѫ˹Įɴ۾ŵĿҶ㣬ˣʥˣôôٶȣ
ˣҲñˣ˵õĽѣٶȻ죬̫ˣ֪ůô£οʥΪҲǳ£òͻƣӦˣ
ҶЦһһ£Įɴ۾ǰһĻ
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Ҳһ£һɣһ峤ţԼȻû
Ǹ˵˭ôϤʯȻĿҶ㣬ʱҶ¶һڰ

Ȼ䣬Ȼ˺ܶ飡
Ҷ㣬͵˵
ôܻûȻţⲻܣˮأ
أ
һ̣ȻоԾˮƺˣ
٣״֣һô˾ɥҶЦſ˹ʯ˲ȷˡ
ʲôҶ㣡

͵֮ɱˮ
ˮôܵڻûл



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ʯǵļԻûңҶЦĮˣ۷ǧʥˣĸ
ܾˣûֱǿߡ
緢ĸоʮֵĻѾЩǿۣ
㵨ӹȻɱˮ˵ɱǰһˣڻҹվҵǰѵͲĸɱ㣿ʯЦſҶ㡣
֣٣ĸˣҲǽһˣҶЦȫȻηĿŰʯ
һ㺮⣬˵է֣
ͣ
ʯŲȻһһĨŵĹâܣǸʥˣ
ʥˣǣ죬ҶȻܹﵽһľ磡
Ǻ£ǹţֻĸ죡ʯЦһ
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ףƷҲʮָаҶ¶һ˿Ц͵һ£һָ
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ֱر챮ͼֵ̳ɲǣҡΣشȻһӽסˣ
٣ǿҲòϣǺȣ㻹ǲ˵㣡Ҷ㶸Ȼһȣͬ߷ɵĴһವһ£һȭ¡
飡
ֻоƺ׻һ㣬شһ׹䣬һѪâĶͷϣͷ­Ȼ˿
ܣʯ𾪵ķ֣ˣ
Ȼڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣɱˣ
ûʲôܵģˣȻҪҶЦһһȭ򴩣¡һ£˲һ̣徹ȻΪһѰ׹ǣ
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㵽˭ʯˣһ˲˲ĶҶ㡣
Ҷ㣡ֱԲ䣬ϾҲûʲôܻˡ
սȫɱ۷ǧʥˣȻûκαܻ䡣
Ҷ㣿Ҷ㣿׽˼ΣʱʧɫǺʥõˣ
ҵҲСҶЦг֮ɫ
ϻǶڿˣüζ㱻ɱˣڵﻹһ˵ʣ£Ѫ
ȥɣƷһХһ£һ鴤ȻϾҪˡ
϶ǰ£ȥɣԪХš
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˭ĻҶ֮ɫѿ֮
䣬֪һöණ䣬ûǿʵͱƳ䣬ЩͱˣȻ档
ãǷ䣬ʯ˵ϾͿһʯ˺ܹ죬ƺһӡһЩаϲʯ棬װŪ
䣬ѵֱ֮䣿
һˣæ˶ȥˡ
Сӣܣ°ɣɱ棬һƬãҲܣȻҪס
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ݿ࣡
ҶɫȻ仯֮ţʮֱرȻ֡
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ҺãҲ۷ǧʥˣڶȻѾˡ
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Ȼ䣡ҶٴγһĻΪʯûʱעԲûзټ
һֻ֣վԭأͬԹһ㣬Űʯǳ˹
ҶɫЩѿ䣬ĪǻĲɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ƿһ˿ЦֱۣװŪĿȥĶϣʬȴҵһ˿
٣ڸʲôҶȻ

ͬʱһХμȴǣһֻ̣оؿһʹһ࣬ǰ
ֱ㶵Ŀǰ࣬ˡ
࣬ƺеϤ
࣬ڳˣôȷǣңɣҶһ࣬ˡ



 
ƲǰһĻǣѾڣֱͦͦĵȥг˾
ʯԪסˣСӵǲǳʥ˵ļһ
㣬㵽ǲʥˣʯսսʵҶǰͬͯһ㣬ûκη֮
ڻʥˣϣҾҪ̤۷ǧʥ˵ˣҶЦ̧ȭʯԪױŵˡ
ѪͬעһʣǰһУѪ֮УԪһա

ԹһֱֱۣӳҶŭƺҪɡ
ߣֻɱˣ˸ϷŻңҶЦһ̧־һȭֱ۱תһȦ΢΢
۷ǧʥˣˣҶЦһֻץסʯ˵ֱۣڵȱһֱֻ۵ʯ˳֡
һֱ̣۸޷ƶ
٣СҲƭƭʯҪң붼룡ҶЦţһȭ۳֣һ̣Թ龹Ȼ˳
˵ϣҶЦһԹеһ㣬Ƕ棬֮ǰ˶峤ǱҶ㿴Թ鱻ɷ顣
ձҶɣΪʷϣһˣ壬Ҳʷĳ֮Уʧˡ
ʯˣҶһĨâΪʯʯ˵ɲǣʶжһͷ
ϲ㣬˽񱦿ʸ񣡡
ͷҶһĨľâ񱦿⣡
Ȼˣʯ˾ͨ񱦿Կףʯ˵ã˵ͻ۷ǧʥ˵Ŀܡ
½ֿ첻ƽˣҲãҴչͼĻᣡҶ˸ŵľ⡣
ûֱӻʥãǴǴޣֱӽ뿵̩ޣ̩޵Ķ˵ء
һ˴ٽ½ʹô½սݱˮ֮У˴ٽ½ûпʼһĹ켣Щƫ
һļ䣬ħܣ˳ҽĴʱ
ڣûз
ҶսƿҪͻƣҪһսӵرսӣ˵ڣػš
ôʲôҶһĨ⡣
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ᵽˣֻʣһˣյħȴħսˡ
Ҷ㲻꣬յ£ΪҲʥľ磬ֵҲȥӶ˼ֲɣ
ҲȥأҶˣ˵µΪΣ˵ԸûͷǲֵܳģҲԭ򣬲гɳ
Ȼ˵һأʢսҵȻҪȥһˣ¼С۾Ц
ŶսҶ΢΢һ֮սǲҲ
ţǿսҵ֮أö֮˵رԣսսҵľԪһ㣬Ц
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ݣսӣҲǴս֮صġ
ˣҶ㣬֪˼սȫռ죬˵һλ۷ǧĳǿ壬˭ʲôοոճһٿţѾǿߴ֮һʣʮңºٺЦ
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Ц˵Ĳȵõսһа취ɵǣսȴ۷ǧʥ˵ϣֻнӴлᣡ
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ͻȻҶǰһ
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ǣΨлսǲлᣡЦİɣѾϢ˳ȥڣ˶֪õս֮һǿ߻ή٣
аû۷ǧʥ˳֣Ҷüͷ
һ۷ǧʥˣѾͷ۵ˣٳһģûһᡣ
ܣرûˣ
ҶƲƲ죺ʲôüƲһ۷ǧʥˣûɶˣ翪ɣˣһȥѰսӰɣɵ壬һаյģ
¸ϽסҪߵҶ㣬ЦҶ㣬ЦˣˣҾ۷ǧʥҲûһ취
飡ַֻẦԼҶɣתߣսٺãðΣᣬҲֵá
ô˵۷ǧʥˣȻսҲ޵ģογɽ۷ǧʥˣҲԲֻ࣬Ҫҧܾ˵ʱ򣬾ǵĴʱµС۾գ˼¡
ҶȴҡҡͷȿɣտǾͻˣҵĿսӣս֮ңҲǿ󣡡
սŵأ˵ҲʲôرţҶ˸һ㵭ľ⡣
ҹĻ٣Ҷҹɫ֮УĿսŵС
ףϢƺȵϢҶһĨ⣬ٶޱȵĽƬĵ֮Уȴһĺʯͷ
ȷǴʯͷϣܵȵϢ
ѵսʯͷڣܣһڱرҶ˼ʱһȻ
ʦܣսϢ
սڷĹϣǰĹڿֻһٿսϸѰ˼ȦҵһţȴҵһžԪ



 Ԫ
Ԫ
Ҷǰһ˲˹ھԪļأʥ֮徭ò˥Թﵽ£ǸûԹľö֮ŻһžԪ
Ԫ̶ȣ˿ս
ڵҶ㣬۷ǧʥˣõʮöԪ۷ǧ꣬Ȼֵס
ԣ˿̣ҪеõԪϢ
Ԫһֵˣһһţٺ٣ǸʦֺٺЦ
֪õһžԪ
ǣʦ֣Ѿ۷ǧԲֻҪžԪͻǧʥˣкѣֻһľԪޣҲ²⣬ǾԪܱժˣǸʦɵɵ˵ȴûע⵽ʦһĨâ
Ǻâ
öԪܹͻƣΪʲôҪƽ֣
Цʦֵ־ͽǶʦܣֽ޵ϣû̫࣬Ǹʦֺʦܣר־ѰҾԪټ
ʦ֣쿴һĹңĹƺһ¾ǾԪ޵ϵ˷ܡ
һ㶣漴ǰһ¾ǾԪȥȥ
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ȻٳʱұϾȻѪһƬ
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˶ʱʧɫǵĿ⣬Ѿ棬ǣһȥô赲֮
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Ҷ㶼ò侲ͷȻ侲˼ȻһȭȻƿţһ죬һͷӥ
Ȼ룡
սĳλĹأĹҵĽ죬Ƿ˴İϢǣǻôܸ·ⲻϺ߼ҶҲڴ
ĹµľϣЩսս
٣Ⱥ¾Ȼң̫˼ˣͻȻӺҶһ£Ĺңʱ۷ž⡣
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ʦְ֣޵ϷĺĹĶˣǱһֻӥƴץĹ֮Уʦֺȡ
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ǣȴҡͷ
ֻҪҺռ䣬ԪռȻ֣Ҷ¶һ˿м֮ɫȻһУ֪ˣ



һʮһ ˫
Ȼһսʮ֮࣬ԪĿռ֮С
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Ҷ㱻ɨУһѪμȴ
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ǣǸҶʵ̫ˣ̩أλʥ˵׳٣½𾪣ǰڣҲСʥ˰ɣ˵ģؼҵĶ档
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ǰˣؼҵĴͶ棬棬۷ǧʥˡ
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ҶʶУһ棬λ棬ƺԶŵĸףǸСĸףǣȴܴ֮УܵŨŨĸ

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ʦ֣ϱӦùаɣһץűµһǣʵ
㣿ߣзݣⱦҲۼôܾУԷҲǸ۷ǧԲʥˣа׾
㲻Ҫôⱦͬʱץ֣ҵʦܣҲܾɣ׾Ц
ϱ£Ҳڱĵط;󣬵񱦿⣬;ɾͿһ
ڣ˵ʦֵܣֵܣΪһ£ɱ
׾ʵ̫ԵˣΪƽʱ㣬Ϊ㣿ŭһ
¡
һƶϣը졣
Ȼ˿ϱ£Ǳ۷ǧʥ˴һƣδ˺ѣ˵۷ǧԲļһˡ
˭ˣⱦ£УȻ䣬񷷢һЦ
ͣ
ࣣ
ֻо˫ֳޱǿʵеı£Ȼֻ֣ƿոץˣ
һӰӰһϮ£ǴŵЦ
ΪȻ۷ǧ꣡
ܣô©֮㣡ܴǵϣ߱£Ҳеʶģ͹ԹԵİѱ˫ַϣҾ֮أ
׾ĿҶ㣬Цɭ䡣
𣿿ҾҲɱѽҶЦſŰ׾
ЦݣҪϷŪж೰Ū
Сӣȥ
Ȼ䣬׾Ȼһȣ˫£Ϯ
Ҷ㵹Цһȭƿѹ¡һ죬ƺҪˣҶ㣬һȭȫ߽˶Է˵Ĺƣ
ⲻܣ
һصľ죬˷һĿ
ǿ۷ǧԲǿ߰Է۷ǧС䣬ôǵĶ֣
ǣھȻȫˣ
ûʲôܵģڣֻ·һ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ㷢ȣ¡һȭֱӴ͸׾ĿңҪҶ⾪һȭ
ǣҶУʵ̫ˣ
ࣣ
һ͸ͷ죬ǶĿʱֹͣסˣ
Сס֣
֪һȣƿնҶϤǾԶʥˣ
Ҳ֪ôһĻһߣֱѹһȭݺݵһȭƺҪҶ㣡



ٶʮ 
ߣʥΣһȭ
ҶǷһ˿Цͻ֮ǿһ̶ȣܶԷгƺŵʥˣƿվһȭ
¡
ȭӰһ쫷ĽɱͬһȻ𶯣ƣԽ÷ˣ

˵һȭ۷ǧĿֲʬ
ۣ
ҶһѪɫòҰޱȣ˸˷ܵĹâ
۷ǧǿ߶һȭܵսֱ߱ǣԽսĺô
Զʥˣһ죬һժԴȾƣҶ㳤ХţԶȥԶʥҪ׷Ҷٶ̫ˣοʬĳ֣ҲЩӦӲϾ
٣ԶʥˣԶӣҶо˸Ű֮д
ɱˣɣ
ʬһһĵȥҶ׳۷ǧΪԽԽ̣ɵĳ۷ǧԲľȥ
ҶٶԽԽ죬һոеĽʬûκλ֮ͱնɱˡ
ǣʬܵԼ±նɱҪԮѾԶʥˣʥ˺Ͱʥʥ˵Χѽѷ֡
һŭʥľǣǲ֪ô£ΪŭĶԵǣǲò֡
ǿնɱͷµĽʬ
ǾһƷƷʥо˸
һḬ̃Ĺâдת
ԣԶɱƽǣʥȿڣҲǶǣѲѣ
һͷȻ䣬Ĺ
Ҷо˸һرڽʬ壡
һֱر
ҶѾõʮֱرһڣõǾǵʮڣ
٣ʬ𣿿ȷôãȻôǿ߸ˣҶǷһ˿Цݡ
ڶʳϲķʽ
壬ڱصã
ָоܹ壬սһܹﵽʮűսӶΪҲлͻƵ۷ǧĴԲ
սݱҶҳ֡
¡
űʬһȭںϣǣһεץס壬һ̣弱תֱ£
Ѫ
Ҷ㣡ӾһΪҶһλ۷ǧǿߵһӶ׹
٣СӣҪˣ٣ΰɣԶʥ˿ҶΣǷһ˿ЦȻ䣬һȭ
Ŀ꣬Ҷ㣡
⣡УҲ߬סе壬˸żᶨĹâ
ƴˣ
Ȼҧһӷ֮ӵתʹôľԪһ̣͵غһȭ
¡
м׷ɣգ
񷣬ƺҪһ㣬Ҷ㾹Ȼ漣߳սȦ
ʬҲܵһϣ벻Ǹ㱻һȭɱļһȻ˿ֲܣݺݵƳԶ
һ̣Ҷβˣ
ˣˣ鷳ˣһֱر֪ᷢʲô飡Զʥ̾Ϣһǣ׷ΪʬѾˡ
λʥƵǣҶĺ£Ǹƨɡ
λɱǣȥɱǸ쵰СӣԶʥ˵ϣһѵʱǧܴ
¡¡¡¡
ս죬ҶڰڴڴŴɫҰޱȡ
ιȻȫˣǣԪݽߣһУʮԪڵѾ˱ıԵ
Һõõ壬һǰæˣҶ̾һﻹ˷ܵġ
Զʥˣɱ֮գΪ֮ԶӣʩչƣμʧȥٴγڰӵǰԹӳ棬һԶʥ׽ס·磡
ˣҲˣڿʼ㸺𻤷ңҪͻսҶһĨâ֮ļСʱľŵȣ󣬾Ͱĵ
壬ѾõʮڵֱرڣʮֱرԼ֮ţͷת
ףĪҪˣͻȻҶ۾Ȼоǵ¡¡ȻȻһѵĻᡣ
ʬ䣬Զʥˣʥ˺Ͱʥ֮ĺȻѺۣʱҶ˿ɳ֮
ߣҪϤҵټǾʹ̣ҶǷһ˿Ц춷ͿԼȫ֣ܣҶڵĿռ䣬ȫ
ˣǸ쵰СӣȻʧˣԶʥüͷ
ǣѾʬûǱԶʥ˿ƣڵ൱ھԶʥ˷
ңһܳȥǣУϢԼ߳͵ˣʥЦ
Զʥɫһ䣬תԶ˵ǵ֮ҳ࣬οѾõ˽ʬıأǣͷְɣ
Ȼλʥɫһ䣡
ȻĲǷˣ
ǣ
Զʥˣǿ˺ģĪҪ̣٣Ҳõ˽ʬ˷ѵҲҪ£δ̫˰ɣʥ˵ɫƵĵ
ʲôеģʶȤˣɲôʣԶʥ˵ɫҲٿ
⻰ʲô˼ʥ˺ͰʥŭĿӡ
ʲô˼˼ǣңζܵõԶʥˣһһٵĵ
ǿƷһǿƶĿռرеر
ֵҪͨƷҪ߳ܶ࣬οѾ뻢ڣҪ³ȻѾʵˡ
ããԶʥˣ֪𣿡ʥ˱ԵƣǣʬȻ֣ƺȻը飡
ʥ˺Ͱʥɫһ䣡
Ѿһλ۷ǧʥ˵ⷨôܺǣ
̾һתߣ
٣ҪߣΣɣҪȫⷨԶʥ¶һ˿Ц
ԦǣȻ֣
ʥ˺Ͱʥɫһ䣬ǣ̫ˣ
飡
죬˽ֵһֻһΣʬھԶʥˣӶʥ˺ͰʥˣھԵ·硣
ʩչطȥ
ȻڷտռеҶ㣬Ƿһ˿Ц
һУϣ
٣ǵȷôҶǷЦݣƺҵͻƵķڶ̶̵ļСʱսʮűս
ȻΪûһ
ǣڣһϣ
ӣƾҲӵóҵƣʬ׷ǵʬ壬ҲҴԶʥ˲û׷ΪҪʱǡ
ʬķԼûʲôȻٻ֡
ʥ˺Ͱʥˣһʥ˵ģģڣΪǱѾ˳
ǣҶ˵ǵȷô



ٶʮ ǿ
ӵҲ˰ɣͻȻһȻ
۵øһĴʥ˺Ͱʥ˺ۣԪĿգȻɲǣ˶ʱסˣɫüѿ
Ҫ͵Ϯǣ
ǸôҲСӣ
ƺ֪͵Ϯ֮˵ݣǸٴҶ㣡
ֻ֮󣬷¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҷ㲻۷ǧΪܹھԶʥ˵ѣǣǸ۷ǧļһܹնɱӶõ壬ΪȻָ
뵽λʥǷһ˿Цݡ
ٺ٣СӾȻҳʥ˹ЦſҶ㡣
ҶϲޱʮĮ
ŴʥˣʲôҵģĪǣ
⻰Ҫ̾ж̡
壬Ҷ֣ڽʬûиϵ֮ǰɱ壬٣ʱ񲻾˺;Զʱ𣡡ʥ˶԰ʥ˵
ˣʥҲ¶һ˿ȵЦݣ󣬶˶Ȼ֡
ҶϮ
꣡
ƺҪѹһ㣬ֻҶȴôƽ
Ѿ˿ݽߵĳ̶ȣڴ˭ǿЦҶôƵģҶЦһչ¡һͬըĲѣ
ֻ¡һʥ˵͵һ٣
ƾһ֮ҲҺ棡ȥɣҶһӰڰʥ˵Դϡ
ʥ˸ûзӦ
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ʮֱر֮ţյµƣ˭ǵ֣
ԣʥ˱ˣҶһĿգֺݺݵԴϡ
ۣ
ԴȻҶһӴ飬ѪԽ˳ҶƵ䡣
һ̣ռ䶼ޱȾףʥҲסˣɫѿ֮
Ҳ벻ˣҲ۷ǧʥ˰ôܱһ۷ǧļһԽɱˣ
̫˰ɣ
һˣʥгֵĵһͷǾ
ӣӣӣ
ʥ˷ߣӲֹͣڰеĹٶȿ쵽˼¡
٣ҲӣҶǷһ˿ЦȻһƣ
һƣ֮
ʥ˴ʧɫ
ô
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׵ˣˣ
٣ҲͻƵϣҶǷһ˿Цٿգһ£˴ʥ˵ĺϡ
һ죬ʥ˵ļǣȻҶһƸˣ

һ֮ĲҺҶ㿴һ߻ᣬ̼ԦƣץסǴʥˣһĿգ¡һ£оԪȫӿҶ֮ڡ
һ̣ʥˣҶΪʲôɱһ֮֮ǿ
̡ɣֲãôǿʥŭһХܱӦģ
٣Ӧɱ˶ѣȫ飬մκ̸αӦҶЦݸܵԼͻˣ
һȫµľ磡
۷ǧĴԲ
ֻҪһ磬ܹڴ½̧ͷΪյʥˣ
ȻˣҸܵҵսǰǿ۷ǧԲʮűս٣Զʥˣ˵һ죬һῳͷ
ҶЦ䣬ʥ˺Ͱʥˣ׵У˵ĺԩ
ûᣬҶҪɱǣ죡
ǣˣټϴ֮£ҶһɱҲ˵ͨ
ȻųǣҶʮֺá
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һӲӰӰм۶£һȵĵطǱ֮һɫĿռ䡣
ûκûκȫˣ
ţôҪɹˣãɹǣҪɱˣȽʬʲô£Ҷ㿴ٵĽʬǷһ˿Ц
죡
ʬٴηһȻȴҶһȭ˹ȥʬһƺŨŨϯһ㣬ҪһܳҪʹȫ
꣡
ͬмһ˲ᣡ
ףʬǽʬǱ˿壬ҲսҶһĨ⡣
ȻڷҶ㲢Ȥ
ҪƷǷΪͬһͬʹʩչҪܵܶơ

Ҷһȭ֮Ȼýʬѿ
⣡Ǹ쵰СӣôܱôǿԶʥ˶Ȼ˫ۣ𾪵ĵ
ϾҶܣʵ̫ˡ
ΪʬѾĶ֣
ãʬƴס
Զʥ˵ϣ֪ʬҶĶ֣ʬΪȡʱ䡣
֪Ҷ֮ĳԹԲܻ⡣
ԣ˽ʬǣƣʱǣֻҪɹҶʲôһ֮жǣ
ңͶһ
սҲһõľ
ߣҪסңΰɣҶǷһ˿ȵЦݡ
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һȭһȭɫռ䣬ȻѹˣǽʬһִֻԴϣһ̣ʬеľԪȫӿҶ֮ڡ
Ϊţ
۷ǧԲΪõ˹̣
٣ԶʥˣҶˣҶ㿴ǵĿռ䣬ĵ
Զʥֻоһɫеѿ
ǵһһϦʱ䣬пҪܳʱ䣬ǣûʱˣ
Ҷˣ
飡
¡һ죬ǵĴţȻˣ
һƷǴʥܷĹ
ڣȻҶһȭ򿪴ţԶʥǽŲÿһɫѿһΡ
ҵģԶʥ˵ɫޱȣȻ֮䣬Ԫ֮ת£ȫ֮С
ֻԶԶĵ͹Ҷٶȣ
죡
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¡
ǵĿռ䣬Ȼһȭ֮£˺ˣ
ۣ
Զʥ˶ȻһѪɫѿˣ֮£òһȭҶԿȴǱߵġ
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վǰһֽͬҲü
Һҵûֱɱ㣬εķȥ٣ҲԶʥ˹Ц
ǵѾҴϣҲ֪㻹ʲôֶΣҶЦ
ֶζǣɱһ۷ǧԲļһһָʹ´࣡Զʥĵ
ⷴҶе㾪ȣԶʥ˾ƣ벻
ЦҶЦһֻȻץ£Ŀ꣬ǣ
֣
һȣҶֱץǣƷûһջǾ˵Ц
ЦƾҵĶֻ֣Զʥһָͷֵʳָƿյ˹



ٶʮ ˫
ͣ
žҲҶɫȻһ䣡
ָָҶһĨ⣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ץǵֱۣȻһֻ͸ѪȻ죡
Ҷ㣬ȴǷһ˿ЦݣԼƱ򴩣¶Цݣ
ΪѾץǣ
ƣƣƣ
ҶһȭȻ˾Զʥ˵зһץУ
һ̣Զʥ˵ɫòҰޱȣΪǾǴڣѳȥһ㣡
ҷ֣
Զʥ˷ˣָ
ÿһָ֮
ߣ
ҶһȻһϢǻȻʹ󣬾Ȼָ֮ȫУ
ܣôԶʥ˴ʧɫŵĿ־
ȻʵˣҶ˾Զʥ˵һָҲҪץУڣǻرʱ
ûʲôܵģģϾҪˣҶ㶸ȻһЦƿһƣֱӴԶʥ˵Դ
飡
Զʥ˴߶ָȻҶһУ
¡һը죬Ҷ΢һɫûһ仯ǣٴη
顭
սݱ۷ǧԲʥ˶۷ǧʥˣȻҶսޱߣǻɱ۷ǧʥˣе
ԽҶͻʮսԽ
ԣҶһҲĶսþԶʥͷ۲ѡ
٣˵ͷʱĴ϶ѣҶųŪĵ
ԲѣԶʥŭһҲԼеˣ
һֱۣȻҶϣ
٣ʳָܲ͸ҰɣҶЦһȻһֻץסѵֱֱۣץ
ɲǣѪͬעһʣ

Զʥ˷ĲҺ۷ǧʥˣ屾ͬһ㣬Ҫն϶ѣǣȴҶŤˡ
һҪɱ㣬ҵֱۣ
ԶʥĿɭ䣬ǣѾһֱֻۣʧҪɱҶ㣬ʵеѶȣ
ƾ㣿٣Ҿ죡ҶǷһ˿ȵЦݣƿһƣ¡һ£ƺҪѹһ㡣
ԶʥˣȻһ֮£ùڵأ

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Ҳ벻гһգȻһ۷ǧԲļһУ
벻ǣʱܱԷɱ
˵Ӳģ٣ȥɣҶһһ£һ̣ͽԶʥ˵Ϊȫɡ
ȫֲϵĲ㣬һսԽսģ
ǣҶٴνѨѪ̶֮Уðݣͬһ㣬Ѫӿŵ
Ƕûгҵͨ뿪ˣҶ˸ŵĹâ
Žһ̺žԪʯͷȥǣһ̣ʯͷͱΪһ̲Ѫˮûһԥ˼
֣ȥģҵһģҶ˼Уܿ죬ľҵһеİ취
ʥˣĿһֱرһƤڵˣȵʵ
ǵȻʥˣۿģֱֻرƺŶߵʵҼβץסˣʥ̾һҡҡͷ
ôܣʥ˷һ
ʥ˵ֱ֣رȻУʱԸһöԪͻ۷ǧԲľ磬Σ
ʥǰһԪҩһѰ٣޼ա
ڣʥ˾ȻҪúԪȡĳ֣
ʥˣҲ㣬ֵˣǰѺԪóһ۲źãʥʵ
ã
ʥҲϻֱӰѺԪ˳ʥɫһ䡣
һöƳȳȵĵҩȻǺԪ
ܺãҴӦʥ˷ܵĵͷ
Ѫ̶֮УҶһοˣ
˼Сʱָûһ˵ϢеЩʥˣǲѾ߳Ѫ̶˻񱦿Ĳر֮أҵ֮أ
Ҷе㵣ģֻˣи˷ܡ
٣ֱرҵʮֱرҪһˣҶе˷ܣǺԪ
˺Ԫͻ۷ǧԲϣ
ֻڻ۷ǧԲõöҩƺеΪ֮磬Ȼⵤҩܶһ˹ãǶҶ˵˳;󣬳ʮöĵҩſͻơ
ʥˣͳ֣ʥ˷֮ɫҪֱ֪رն쵶ƣˡ
ҶѾõ˺ն쵶ϵ콣Զն쵶ڴ
̶ʥ˵
̶ʥ˵ɫѿ֮
ڣʮʥˣֻʣˣΪǼˣͨʯ뿪ˣǣȴǱʯ֮ڣ߲ȥ
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Ǿ̶
̶һʮֲֿĵط
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ԣ̶쳣а⣬ܶ˾˵أܱɣ
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Ȼ̶֮УиСԴð˳
Դն쵶ĻΣն쵶ĵͷ
ҺץסʥתԱʥ˵
ҶһĨĹâȷն쵶ǲǻ󣬶һڻʵֱر
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ҶƲ⣬λʥʹùرֲа⣬Σ
ն쵶ڱصã
Ȼ䣬λ۷ǧʥ˳ˣֻǵٶȣҶеˡ
ʲô
ͻȻ䣬ˣ⾲׵Ŀռڣһʥһ
ȻΪһȣն쵶ˣ
˭ʥ˵ɫѿ֮ȻתȴҶȻվڲԶǷһ˿Ц
ҶӰɫһ䡣
˭һ۷ǧļһҺֹǣǻòͷˣ
Сӣ㲻֪Ϊҷǳŭ𣿡ʥ˵ɫ쳣Ҷ㣬ƺ޲óһ
㻹ǷϻĿģҪǵľԪҶֱԲĵ
Ȼһȭ
һѪ̶㱻һ㣡
׵Ǳʥˡ

ʥ˷ĲҺҲ벻Ҷôôǿ
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Цļһ٣ʶʶʲôŽʵ˫Ҿ˫ҶЦ¡һȭٴη
ʥ˻˼£徹Ȼ˿žһһ׹ڵϣ˲仯Ϊ׹ǣ
һĻİʥˣɫ쳣ѿ
һ۷ǧյʥˣôˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ҶĹѾٴɱĿķǳԣҪ



ٶʮ ʮ
飡
һ죬ʥ˵ɫѿ֮Ҫȴȴ֣ԼѾԼˣ
æ֮Уò̽ƣȻĳ
һֻоĵľʹֱĵȥ𾪵ķ֣ԼֱۣȻˣ
ţȻ
ܣôԽԽǿʥ𾪵ĿҶ㣬֪һǴðģʵ̫ǿˡ
ҲҪɱ㣬õն쵶Ҫڴʥ֮ϣʥ¶Ъ˹صĹâԪһ븹У
žһ£ƺʲôһ㣬ʥ˵¶һЦ
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һ΢΢󣬰ʥ˵ЦһӽӲϣһ̣ȻҶһȭգ
徹Ȼһ޴ĿŵĿֻǵ壡
ʥҪֲԼҪ壬ǣΪʱ
̫ˣ
ţֱҶһƣӡԴ֮ϣԽѪŽ
Ԫһգ壬ĵȥҲҶգ
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ĵģͻƾ磬Ԫ⡣
Ԫڽ治ʮ꣬ع鱾Ԫ彫ᱻǿľ磬ű
뵽ӵġ
Ԫĵҩʵ̫ˣÿһޱȣǴʥʥ֮ϵʥԪӵӡ
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ʮֱرȫ֣֮ţòֵĺ֮޹ȫ֡
һ죬΢΢ǴʥȻͣ

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ն쵶е飬ȻҶƸ飬ն쵶ʵ
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Ůˣٺ٣ǾҪܲܰźˣ



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ֲͬĥһȭͷݺݵ

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һһһʮˣףҲ²⣬һǸСӸɵģҸȷ



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ӡǣֻ֪ѾˣҲ²⣬ǾҪûӡǣӶһĵ·ź

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ߣҶ㣬ӵĺǣһҪʬΣߺ޵ĵһȭͭϣ

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Ҷһϣؿŭӿ



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үҲ֪˵˼Ƿ蹷̫Цˣб㲻ҪӰܵΣ޿ЦݣҪģжġ
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еֱرƣӦýɣҶЦĿ⿴Ī˫
ݣĪ˫ҶǸˡ
ҽΪү޿ֱǸԲУеηĿҶ㣬Ȼ⻹־壬Ҳ۷ǧԲĴڣҶ㣬۷ǧʥˣĺҶƴս
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٣ǵҶˣǿ
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һöƣҾ֮һĻᣬõ֮ˡҶĿ⣬һĨľâ



ʮһ 
˭ҶһֻëʨųױȵĿֲϢŭһһѱס޿Ъ˹صŭ⡣
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ʮǿߣֱʮϣһŭ̼֮ڴˣǿص޿ӳ֮ɫ
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ʮϣ۷ǧʥˣ֪Ҷ֮󣬶¶֮ɫ۷ǧʥˣͰ峤޿˺֣ȷ˾塣
ڰ֣ʾִ
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ǣ˭û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ̨֮ǰȻ취̨ΪУ
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ҳ˶ӣҪгУΪҶ𣡡峤Х
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Ϊ壬ĶǵܶһĺѾĶͣȻһպûܹ̳²벻ʹĶѡ
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ƣˣҶУһīӣĪǬһۣתߡ



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ƣҶȻֵģ۷ǧԲľ磬ұȻﵽҶ˸ܵţڵõƣʮİգ



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峿̫ĹâҶϣʮҫۡ
ȻŵĹâİķ֮ڣûܹҡ
Ҷ࣬ȻٿƵʱȴַ̺׭֣ܹȫɣͻĿǰľ磬ûκ⣡
꣡
Ȼ䣬ƲһĨ𻨣ֻһӰȻݺݵˤ
ҶĿһʱʮޱ߷ֶ˿ǣû취ƿƷֺ
̲ס𣿡Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣߣԼѾ²ˡ
ڵĴʼˣ
ΪһʦȻһӣһ˿¶ţǣˣȴ¶˴ӡҶҲܿݡ
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¡
ƺҪһ㣬֮Ȼǿ˹
ΪľٶԹ֮ˣҲ׷ɱҶĹţʮλ۷ǧʥ𽥽١
û뵽СӾȻһ۷ǧʥˣǴһ˿Цǿߣ޽֡
Ҷ㶨֮£ȴȵķ֣ı徹Ȼһֻ¹
Ҵû㣬Ҳмڶ㣬бɱңȻû˵ֻϧƾ㣬Ҫɱң죡Ҷһ˿ЦмĿ޽
СС۷ǧʥˣҲҿڳԣսܣ˽Դ޵Ķϰˣ޽ŵ
ҶȻаЦһ԰ǿЦҶ԰ҵı£ɲǣһ£һѹˣ٣ΣҶ㶥أ˭ңҾ֮أ
񣡿Ȼ񣬹ֲøҵɱ̫һŵĶӣɱǵ٣ɱǵĶӣ٣峤䣬ǹһˣһɲΪǵһˣ
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ٶȿƺҪ˲һ㣬ԭ֮ϣƬĲƤȻըҶڵĿռ䣬һԲεľԪ֣Ƥȫ鿪
꣡
۷ǧʥˣһУ²Ҷܹӵסġ
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ȭ⣬ɵսȭת¼ҶõҲᡣ
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ͬ޽һȭƷ׷ɡ
ˣҶ㻹ǽ壬һӺɿѪ˳ļʶ£
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ӣҲڹعǰˣ󵶣ǿЦ֮޽ЦĴЦΧ֮ˡ
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Ѫ˳ʶ£Ҷޱ飬ĶϿգƺȥһ㣬ֻ΢ĺǣʱţ
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ףһĨľâҲ۷ǧʥˣҶĲ뵽˴½ϹҶĴ˵ҡҡͷ
Ҷ޿ɽ⿪ĳԹһ̣û˷֮ɫǿߣϣǿһսǰܣ쳣ڴһսġ
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ΣͷҶתնծԼȭ
ҵ֣
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Ѹײڶ֮ƣȻһץס˷ƣ𾪵ǣƾȻûһԥȻĸԸıҶˣ
ڹķƣȻһӱˣ
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꣡꣡꣡
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޽Ǵһ˿ЦʱԸһڣҶ㱻ɱʱͿԸԴȥˣֲΪ
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ҶȻѿˣûѪʣǱһ˿סǷ⣡
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˿̵Ҷ㣬ѾȫԼȻ֪Σգǣֻܸżʶǣţ壬̨š
꣡
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ȫ𾪣Ȼһֻ̣һߴӰӷ̤߳ɲǣȻը鿪
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ҶϣֱһƣֱӴ޽ϡ
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ž
һϣֱӴԭΣһֻ¹ģڴڵҰ֮£
žžžžž
һƻ޽ԴҶˣ



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Ŀеųζ벻Ҷӷ֮߳սزֱǿֲ
ˣ
Ҷɿ޽ʬ壬Ųһ㣬ٳ˹ȥ
ͣ
ľȻһָ⾹Ȼһֱرָֻ۵һҶĶһ˿ͣͣ
ûᣡ
Ȼᣬƿһָ
۷ǧʥˣ͵Ϯܹɹģȥɣһ仰Ҷնɱ޽Ľ͵Ϯ
Ȼ˭ʤ˭Ľ;ʵ
Ц
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫֱرУֱ鰵ͶֻзҵУܴâڣָˣҵڶʮֱر
ƿһצĹȻǽָһץС
һŭתľԪѪȻӿţһ˿Ѫâӽֳָ
ը
Դı飬ƺҪҶ̻һ㣡
ۡһ˿˿Ϣ˲ϯҶ
飡
ҶЦһɾ룬ֱӽķˡ
⣡
һ֮ɫ䣬ָױҶˣ
㼿Ǿ͸ˣģţڣҶ¶һ˿Цһƺա
ãҿоԼĿռȫˣ֮£һȭȭŷ֮ʱƺ޻֮ϡ
٣ĩյˣȻ͵ϮңҶ㷢һЦֳָֽȻһָ
ڳܵζˣһָĹâͣס˲֮࣬۾Ȼϴ
Ϊһλεĵƿ޷⣡
֣͵ϮңնȥֱۣҶ㷢һߡ
δ֮ʱֻһѪɽֱֻ۸߸𣬶ϣһҺ
˫ȣƶӶϮңҶٴηһߣն쵶ٶ
꣡
ȣҶһ£̱ڵϣѪ֫ʶһ̣һˣȻնȥ֫
̰࣬ƣģģʲôɫģ
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ԴңϮңԣҶһգ֮ϣѪơ
һŴͷ­߸ߵǣ¶һ˿ѵЦݡ
һǿͽԻ͵䣬ţҲ
̫ˣֱɱ˿ħ
ǰҶ㣬ǧҪǣֱǹһɱǧҪ

Ҷɱ֮ڱഫһʱڣɱ֮ҹ硣
ʮλʥ֪Ϣ¶һ˿ľȣûһˣҶһ㣬ֱǿµߣڹת
ңɱֶΣǿս˿־塣
С˵ɱ̫һţԼ峤ɱڵĴʼеһźµĴʥֳֺ壬
ĵģһλʥȻɽжģƺ²ؼȴԹķ紵ݶָơ
Ѿǲ˶ʮλ۷ǧʥ˳ֻ죬һλʥˣУտܱλʥѻĲ֪λµĴʥְֳӣ建ϡ
٣˹˼ʦְѹ罻ǣȻӦðܺãʵ̫ˣǼϲѾˣڣСһ֣ҲǼ£
λߵ磬ǹһУҪʸ񣡡
ʦ֣ԽԽˣΥľɣǸСһʱţЩϼһﲻ׼֣ȥѵЩϼһ磬Ѿһ̶ʦֻع飬Ȼ᲻˵ģ
߻ҡͷ룬Щϼһӵģ
⻰ߣŻͷʾ⡣
̫һţ壬ʵ̫ˣĪΪǲɣĹ֮ƺˣ
˵˻һɫصĵͷ󶯷ٻԼķⷨЩϼһ׼Ҷֺ򣬹һŭǳܲס
ְɣˮǹһλãο


ǶζԻҶ㲢ֻ֪ڣ鷳
ţɱ۷ǧʥˣǣȴһʥˣ֮ͬңϵ͵ϮңǰλʥµȦףȥꡣ
ǵƵҶ㣡ȻҶҲʧˣҶǷһ˿Цֳն쵶콣
޹ռһʥ˵Ҷ
ˣǰǷȹȥ޹˸Ȼ򣬿ʮˡ
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λʮ㣡
꣡
Ѫ˺ʸУУһĨϲɫ
ĽùٶȣҶ㲻ò̾
ˣһȻƫ࣬ǣƼأ

¶һ˿Ц˼£³֣
꣡
֮Ȼס壡
Ǵ̿ͻæ֮˱ܣǴ֮£ʲôû֣ëȻĸоܵҶĿ¡
һ̣ˣҶȴЦɡ

һᣬʮĿռ䣬һҹµˣһ˺ѷεʹ˵ϡ
֮䱻ƣˣˣǰ;ʧˣ
еһУȫûˣ
˲ϣΪգ
һĻֱ˲ţǣһжģ
ˣԳΪһɱֵɱ֮Ȼ֮¡
Ҷ㶼޷ܿĽȻ˱ҡ
ˣ
֮Ҷ¶һ˿óѵЦݣȻǿ
ֻȴһǧԪ
죺ʧȣõֻ֮࣬򲻵ѣǲܶã
ʿǣǸɱ峤ı΢࣬һҪ֮Էһǰ׻ʥˣ͵һ
һģĴػ׻ȸ䡣
٣һ۷ǧ࣬һβɨԴһͷˣģΪм
ǵȻһѻ峤αʦأĴػͬʱټһ˹֮ϣȻһͷ
һȵˣһԣȴ̲Ρ
ʮȫο޽ѾˣѵҪ𣿡׻üͷȸ
޽ǸСһѻƨ֣Ǹ󣡡ȸȻһЦ
мȸŨŨĶǲм֮ɫ



ʮ ݺݴ
꣡
ҶƿһȭȭȦըһ㣬̸ЦȸͬըëļһӴ
ڴ˴ԲѣҶվڷȦ֮Улƣһȭ÷顣
һȣռ䶼죬ƺҪըһ㣡
Ҷ㣿Ǿ޴ͷͣҡΣĿһ⣬Ҷ㡣
һųѣȸһԣĳЦ
ųࣿҶĸޣǷһ˿Цƾͷסҵȥ·
۾΢΢
ȸƺ˼һ㣬ŭǿɶ
¡
΢þ޴󣬹âۣһӳҶһƺҪһ㣬գ㽫Ҷɳȥ
࣬ҲǰԲѣ͸һᣬԷ˫ۣȥͷҹһ
ȸмĿűɵҶ㣬Ц
ŶҶ㷢һĴ޵ǰʧˣ
ȥˣ׻ͶҶԴǣһ̣ȴ֣Ҷ㲻ˣ
ʧˣ
ܡȸҪЦǣȴͻȻһϣΪеһɿֲľëȻ
־壡
һĵĿ־壬Ȼ
꣡
ֻһⶸȻȸĿâһμȥǣһֻ̣оֱһʹ
𾪵ķ֣Լֱ۾Ȼ߸Ѫ

ȸסεʱ򣬸еֱ۴ҵʹֱۣȻնˣ
һֻ֣նˣ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ȸ˺ѷεŭʹ飬
ÿĵС۾һĨľâ
٣ɱңðһɣҶ㷢һŭն쵶ǰ׹˸
ֵˣȫͬģɱ׻չֳϵһ棬ܵǰδеΣ
꣡
գȸٴηһ徵ĲҽУһֱֻۣٴαҶ㿳£Դ˿̱ҶץС
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ն쵶ȸͣʹһ
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Ҷſʱֻʣһ߽Ӳʬ塣
ɴĿĿҶ㣬㣬ɱȸ
ҶЦôֻ׼˵ң׼Ҵ
ߣҲҪҪݺݵĴҪǵҪӵҵҪ˭ҸҶԣ
Ҷ㷢һХһȭֱӽԶֻһ죬ŭУѪͷȻһ룡
ߣҾҪݺݴô
飡
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Ѫ죬һ꣬Ҷ֮ڣ޷ѳ
Ҷ㣬ò̵ĵƵֶΣ걥µĿĥ֮󣬲ȥһĻİ׻ε顣
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Ȼһָֻһ׻·ײһ㣬ݺݵײڵϡ
ӣӰ
ҶһŲڰ׻Դϣŭȵ
Ҫ㣬ңһ
緢İ׻ϣ˿̾ȻڵϣϥҶġ

Ҷ㷢Ц֮һƴڰ׻ϣ׻ĻͷʱȥѪͷˣ
飡
׻Ҫ˵ȴְһƣֻߵİ׻ȻҶƣˣ
٣壬̫һţ壬׷ɱңǾҪݺݴǵǺϣ
Ҷǣ¶̵Цݡ
һʥ˵׷ɱնɱĴʥˣȫ䡣
֪Ϣ壬𾪣Թһشʧܣ
̫һŵʮʥ˷ֳݶӣһݶӣѾҶ㣬˿̵Ҷ㣬Ǵһ˿Ц
Եǣ̫һʥˣ۷ǧʥˣ
׷ɱȫɣͻƵ۷ǧԲľˣҶ¶һ˿⡣
λʥˣÿһĿž⣬ڣǿҶʱҲӡ
̫һţôʵҶоâһ
˵˭Ƿһɫ۵ˣ࣬׵ĵ
˵˭˭֪ҶЦ

飡
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꣡
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꣡
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ž

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٣ôˣҶЦʵȻһû˸ҿ
ˣ
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ûбݵˣ
ǻڵʲôϣɱ
෢ȣȻȻֹ
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ħһ̣ҶеĶħ
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Ѿʮ۷ǧʥˣҶС
Ȼһʮλ׷ɱߣʮڷ;УҶĺ̶ȣĹ򣬾ͽʣʥˣȫɡ
̫һʣʥˣҲǻӴܹȥ;УҶץסȫϻҪ򵥡
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Ȼ֮Ҳû֪Ҷ٣ƺڹһ㣬˶ɣҶ㵽ȥˣ
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ûˣ
ȻˣʵҲ۷ǧԲ֮ϣԶλ̫ϳϡ
ֲ֮£Ƿ׷̫ϳԮ



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磬ɳĮ
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Ϊ˴ԣɳĮУѹһܹµɳĮһƬ֮ء
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ɳĮ֮ϣѰĽţѹҪɳĮ֮ľˣȻҶ㲢ʲôɳĮֻ֪֮һУҪԼŬ
Ѫͷϻģ̫⻹Ҫȡ
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Ҷ棬ɳ֨֨ɫ˷ܣΪɳĮ֮ϣòþԪֿȻʱƺܹͨɳĮ֮
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УЪ˹صĴţһ̣ľԪһƿֻ۵ƺҪ˹ؿһ㣡


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ͨʥȻЦ
ĺãҶɫ˿䣬ޱϲԴתͨʥ
Уһ㺮â޷Ŵ



ʮ ݺ
ǷϻҶ㷢һߣһɿֲƣϱŷֻ¡һӿƣʱʥͨʥ
СӣЦʥҪҶ㣬Ǹճڵɲǣɫʱ쳣ѿΪǾȻˣ

ʥ׵壬壬ȻҶ㷢ľˣ
꣡
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׻ޣһͨ쳹֮ܣǵ񣬾ػɲݡ
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ֲʵֲ̫ˣʼˣΪʲôϻһεĻһ᲻ɱҶ㡣
Բᷢڵ飬Ҷ׷ƨɴ򣬶ԽԽأҪһ㣡
ǣ˵ʲôҪɱˡ
еĺڣɣҶЦվһţֱӺɨ񷣬Ľ׵ƣʮıսʮ֮ţԼʮֱرȫ֡
ձһȭݿ࣬أ
һ͵һԴȻѿˣ
һĽ״ԲĴʥȻַʽлĻ
ÿ£
ǰˣȻôٶͻĽ֮һɱĽ״ԲĴʥĽ״Բֻһ̤ʥľˣ
Ҷ㣬治ͨˣ;˿־壬ܲˣ

۷׷ףҶѩȥ庮ʹĶڵϣȻҶȴֱץߡ
Ϊ庮֪ΪΣȻΪ庮
ǣ庮ʵڲӣȻҶ㣬ץˡ
庮ΪʲôҪҶԣҶҲʣֱӾͰǸ庮Ҷؿܡ
Ҷ·Լȥˡ
ҶɲԼĺӳΪԼһӵܣ£Լһҵ
Ҷأʵ̫СˣǴؼȥúṵ̀ܽɡ
Ҷ㱾뿪ɽ磬ֱȥֻ֮䣬һ鷳
ĸĳ֣ļƻ
Ҷ㣬ʶģͷС㣡ĸ༫޲ɷ˵֮ʱǴһ޵˸оʮоˬ
ֻҶȴǸоô
ĸû뵽ɽˣȴһֻ߹ҶЦȷɽˣһֻκԸʶ䡣
ô˵ĸͷ˹ȥҶ㿴۽ǵһ˿Ρ
ʱվһŮӣͻȻڣҶ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ЩĲƺԸҶ˺Ƥ
˵ϤҶζ벻Ȼ
裬Ȼĸ£ҶɫݣԵĿ⣬ʱеĲ죬ɢˡ
ĸʶĻ뿪Ҷһ֣ȻҶĵ
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ĸһ£ͻȻܣ㲻С㣬ߣ
ҶҪŭͨһ¹ڵϣҶŹ庮
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ڵ裬ȻΪһŮˣҶıĳԣ
ҪǣǸŮˣεҪɱҶ㣬Ҷơ
Ҷ㣬ҽͣȫ㣬֪ĸĶ֣庮նɱǣȥ㣬ǣǶ޹ģҸᣬ˵ɣ
ĵϣҶջسѻ˵ꡣ
Ҷҡͷ˵ɣֻһλᣬ⣬١֪ģʵϣҲɱ庮ڣڱң



ʮ ֮
ٺ֮
Ҷζû뵽ĽȻ庮ȻϲٺϣҶȻ˭벻衣
軹ǲܽܡ
ĿУ֪Ҷ㣬ΪĵףһֱװһˣǸ˾Ҷ㣡
ȻʮȥˣǣڴܺҶطгһգع½ѰҶ㡣
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֪һеҶ㣬û庮Ҫߡ
֮£ͬˣҶˣĸҶһлܣݲҵҲҶץˡ
ڵʮ֮ڣʯѹ
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գҶ豧СҶأһ
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Ȼ̤ɽʱȻ䣬ȻһĿռ䣬Ϊ֮ĵط
Ҷ㲢֪ռ䣬ȫܽĹֳͣܽᣬ֮Уط
һ˿âȻڣܽᾹȻˣ
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ҡͷ̾ϢΪһʾ޵ί̾Ϣ
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𶯣ƺҪѿȻһȭֱӰҶɣ
ۣ
һѪʮ磬Ȼĸڣİ˸硣

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Ҷԣɫ䣬ҶأĶӣ裬İ
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쵰СӣһҪʬΣ
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ˣСӣӲҵģĿһĨ֮ɫ֮䣬ɱһӣ־塣
ڣҶѾӰӣ
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һ䣬ҶڴڵĴŴ£˺۱أͷˣҺܽᣬ򣬽ɡ
Ѿʱ˦ݵĴϢʱ̣
УһҪͻƣĽ״ԲҷԱ֮
Ҷ˸żᶨĹâͻƣڱУ
ͻȻһĨ⣬ͻƵķɱ¾



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ɱ֮·ҶҪһɱ֮·
ңийصң
һ֮Ҷ㳹װ׷ǣ֮ģȫ̫Ĵʥ֣ƱؼҶ㡣
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꣡
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Ҷ̤֮УһŵߣûͷѾ࣡
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ҶĵʮˣдʥȫɱȫɣڵľԪѾﵽ˶㡣
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ʱֹһ£һ֮꣬ܵأǬ
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ôҲ벻ҶȻôٶȣȻͻƵĽ״Բ֮
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ҶвߣЩ˵֣ɽҰģ֪ᷢʲô飬庮ˣ˵˼仰ͣ
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뵽ò̾λʵĿֲһ˿˿ԪڶȻܹ˿ֲ



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쿴ҪôѵͻˣܰɣʥѾôˣѵҪͻƣǵöôֲ˴ʧɫΪҶҪͻˡ
Ԫڱŷͣһ㡣
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ľһʥ֮£ϣֻڣֻϣѾҪվͷˣʵ̫ˡ
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ľɫ͵һ䣬ŲȻȥǣȻ䣬ȴһֲֻĴ֣ݺݵͷϣ
飡
Ѫ͵رŷȻûдԴǣƾļϣɭ׵ĹͷѪв˳ѪŽʮѪȡ
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ΣҶȻһЦһ͵һһ̣һȭգֱӷ˱ľȥ·
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㣡ҶɭȻЦһȭգֱӺ˱ľȥ·һѪ˺壬Ѫɫʱѿ֮
͵һͻأһ̣³鴤

һȣ˵һ͵׹䣬Ǳˣ

ľһҺݺݵˤȥϵľ֮ɫʱӲϣһеһУȻַʽ֡



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֮һֻǲǹȥĻԻͣʵڲ̫ˣʱʱҵʱ
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ɲǣԴһƬհףֻŨŨĿ־;
Ҫˣ
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ˣ
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ʱ򣬻е¶
ҶҲʮΣ֮Ů˶ܹǸоеԺ
Ҳɱ˲ɱߣۿһˣɱζָоɱҪһ򱶣
ҶȻһЦ庮е㷢㶣Ҷ˵ʲô



ʮ ùű
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˭û뵽ڲˣ
ҿ˼ĺܲҡ
庮ʮ𾪣ڲˣ˭벻ڲȻˡ
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ܳʲôŭǰڵĿ׳֣øǾǰһĴڣ
ǰø٣ҪȥĲ֪ᷢʲô飡

Ҷ㣬һҪɱ㣡øȫһƬңҪøˣκһˣ˺ʲô뷨Ǿǿ֪ġ
һ˿ѪȻŷ
õĿ͵һ벻һӰĳ֣ͷһ˿Ѫ˳Դ֡
꣡
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ôţԼ׵Ϊ״Բη壬һ̣ȻҶ˺ˡ
ô˺ĸоôҶһĨľâһõĽŲһ㣬޷Կ
ܣ
ζ󣬽ôģ
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һȭʮ֮ţȫ֣¡¡ҡΣƺҪըѿһ룬¡һ£͵ѿһѺۡ
һ˿â͵һҪըһ㡣

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ʮֲֿ
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¡
·Ҫըһ㣬ΪҶ߶
˲䣬ȫյˣ
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Ǵ˵е
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֮һɽ֮УһӰӴӵվ˷ܵĹâ
˷ܣˣͻˣ
һ죬ͻˣ
ʥڴﵽˣ
ζ벻Ȼֻô죬ʹﵽˣ֮ʵֲ̫ˣ
һȭȻԭʼɭ֣Ҷ׷ɣȫľмҫҡ
ԭʼ칬ˣ
ʲôǷӡɽ磬بŲԭʼ칬𣿾ȻҪʵ̫˼ˣ
ǰ죬м˽ȥȴԭʼ칬ĴŸƿˣ
٣û뵽칬Ȼַģǲ˼飡

ˣ˽۷׷ס
ԭʼ칬Уϵġ
Ϊ칬ԶʱڵĲ֮ʼԭʼ˽칬ͽһ˸쵱ǿߡ
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Ʈƽ磬Ҷ߳ԭʼ칬֮Ŀ꣬뿪磬Ʈƽ硣



ٰʮ 淨
ħ
ԭʼ칬һռ䣬һ֮⣬ޱȹĿռ䡣
Ҷ֮߳⣬Ͼ˵Ѿϼߡ
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Ҷһģһͬ˺µһȥ˳ɻὫҶ㡣
ͷͻȻ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
ħҶ̤֮С
ԭʼתħ֮أֻԭʼ˴ħ棬֮ˣֻҶɲǣܵǿԭʼ֮

ħ֮У˺ܶԭʼĵ
Ҷħ֮У̽һץһöץУâ˸֮࣬Ȼû֮С
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ħ΢΢ǰתɺ죬ɾ޴Ĺֻ֮һ֮ǼһѺۡ
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԰Ƕ֮ȴඣһΣǸջ࣬ʮƫǷˣ˵ҲͻƵ߽֮



ٰʮ µҫķ
һ󺺣ӲԶ˹ͭɫļӳǿ塣

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˻һ𣬸ŭԣǿ˴վһеȵ꣬һư֮ɫ
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һʮǰԭʼɭ֣ɭ֣ԭʼ˸ͽǽ֮أܹΪĴ󺺣Ļش
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̫ܰɣĶӡ붼мǧˣǿӵģ಻꣬ôĶأ
У˵޺ۣԪޣӣʲôأ

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ԭûĳ֣ʱĿֻţҺãڲ֮󣬸ڵ󣬷޷޻ع顣
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ڣһ֮󣬰һöɫҩݸҶ㣬Ƕһöٵܹһʱ֮ڣ̤߽״Բ֮һʱһҩɢȥع߽֮
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ͻ֮󣬱Ѱ֮֮գ
֮ţѾ֪λˣһ֮аճϰ˽֮
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ϻʳĻ
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٣ң֮󣬾ȻЦ°ɣ
澭ĵȻһ̤߾Ԫ֮
һͷֲȻ֣ݺݵץסꡣ
㣬һһأΣ˭οǾŽʥأǰ;˵һƬ
ȻҶǷһ˿Ц
㣬Ź
أûһԵõҼǵǰڵʥɣ٣ɱ㣬ӣлμأҶ㵭Ц
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˭Ҳı䲻ˣ
ˣԼ죡
Լȥ꣡
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ǬԪת֮ڣڹϣâ˸ռתϣȻųԸӵĹâ
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ҶֱǸĹ̥ÿȼ죬ܸһȫµӡ󣬶ӡ󣬿ǱøѣԽԽƳΪԽԽǿᣡ
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ǵգںηĪ˵Ҷ㣿



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ҶԥֱӽԴɷ顣
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پʮ 
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ڰǨִƽ籱йȵʱĴžȻˣ
оȻһöָӣǾŽ״Բʥ
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ǣ׳վȻΪԼ߳Ųߣ³Ҷݡ
ˣǲЩϻˣҶһ£ǿദʥĻ٣˵ץסˣ˭ǻҶٶҶ㣬ˣ޿ɾҩ̣Ĳ֪ôͻ֮ģ
ҶһĿϹܼҡ
ϹܼҲһѪɫһһס
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¡
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ɽͬ׻һ㣬սʯգ޼
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ŽףŽףôܣôͻˡϹܼҶ㣬ǲ֮ɫǣʵ
ǾŽף
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٣⻹öл㣬ҵķ֣Ȼεıãϳ֣һжסֻϧ̫ɵˣȻһҶЦ
Ž֮
̤ˣȻ޷նɱʮʥǣ乫ƽһսǿԵģ
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쳣
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ս⣬ŷ˼£һֲ磬ƺҪȫһ㡣
СӣҼɾ޵ˣһҪɱ㣬Σնɱҡ֮УԲ㣡ϹܼҼХȵ



߰ Ǳ
澭ڰ˾а֮£
Ҷһһ𣬱ױȵĹȦ͵ըƥ
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淨ʮһƿ֮ƿ޼
һУϹܼӲУϹܼҶ㣬֮ҶӶݶˣ
쵰Сӣվס
Ϲܼŭһƿ޼ݺݵĴϣһУҪȥʱҶȻĨ֮ͣ󼪣
ٶȺܿ죬ƾϹܼңĸٶȡ
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ȫ˵Ĵۣȴˡ
٣⣬ˣ㻹ҺҶԿ𣿡Ҷ֪֮Ž׵ԼʮʥҲȫˣвϲ
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ڹǱ֮ǰ߶ʲôȻһ̤˹Ǳ봫˵еĹ֮У
ǱϢеϤҶĿ΢΢˸ǱϢƺѰٵʮе
Ѿѧ˾أ͹ǱʱҪתأо˸
ʮеľأ
ĪǡҶƺ뵽һ˷ܵͷأʮأĪǽǰ
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࣬һϹžڡ
ڱҲǼ򵥵ʥԱ壬ѩصļ壬ѹļ壬ǲܳڴ½ϵġ
Ҳһʮʥҵˡ
ҲһˣĶӣҲˣͬʮʥҶһӵĴڣʥ֮⣬˶ǲ
ʥҪ֮
ڹǱ֮ǰ˶ȥɲǣʥҪȥʱһֻ֣Ȼƿճ֡
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ʶʥҶ㷺ŵЦڽʥõɲǣλָҶģ
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٣û뵽ɣи飬ζûģǣϾҪˣҶǷһ˿ЦȻһƣֲƣ֮ơ
ȻʥԴʥֻоɫס
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ٶ֮죬ֱܵУ
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ؾҶƤһ
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ؾǺǬеͨǲǬ͹ǱʲôϵءԣĹǬŹ
Ҷǰһʱ˷쳣
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ٻʢᣬЩȥսȴû뵽Ƕڴˣ
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ˣڴ½֮ϺȥҫʵսӶ磬ͨĽɫ
һ˿ĹâҶ㵱ձһצץģȻһǬԪʯ
;˷ܣĴܹø䣬ˣ
ȻõһƷͬʮְԵҵһöͻƾŽ״Բĵҩ
ĸõһӣΪҵӡ
ף쿴ƺԴʯɽҶʧɫԴʯڴ½ϣϡȱԴ
ÿһλ棬ֻһԴʯ꣬Դʯʯϣ˵ۡ
Ҷűʯ֮ܣһѪ޹顣
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ȻλԴʦһλҡ
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ʯͷ򵥣У»зˣҶ̾ϢԵˣԼһ²ˣ¶磬Ȼȥ
ҶƲңҲδкʯͷ
ΪʲôһΣĸʵ
ҶȴһЦ



߰ 
䣡
һлˣôλԴʦǰµ䣬ͻת޵˵ϡ
ǽ꣬ͱ
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ԣһɽ
ͷŷԭأ˼ԴʯӦôС
ʱʶѾضˣҶ㻹˼ĸҲʵڿȥˣҲ˲ٱԼͻ˰˽״Բ֮
ΨҶ㣬һ˼
ģƺܸȤһ㡣
ԴʯһĹûκιĵطǣڲʮָӣ˵Ҷ㣬Դʦ¶ҪЩʱգδܹгɹ
ҶһĨĹâеĵֱת£ҪĹпȻڰУ͵ͣ
һӰӴӰ£űɣˣϣ䡣
㣡۾͵һɣ
˾òһһˣüһ硣
ˣԿߴȻܲңˣ˲ȥ
ǿɺã𿴵ĸ۽һ鴤
ĸͷ͵ϵͣһĨ֮ɫ
ԣˣӵһŲκͷ­
λѣƺǬҶ㣬һĨ⡣
Ǭλ˲ŻᣬǿҲᣡ
Ҳ㣬ϣǬ͸ңҶ㵭Ŀһۣĵ
ǰˣҪԽʱһսڣˣ
ŶôҪһսòƣƺûʲôԹЦŵ
ҶȴһЦĪǣûгԹͲһս𣿡

Ħ̶͵ѿƺ˺һ㣬ֲĹâò˲һ̣һֲֻ׵ȭͷݺݵĺ
ף
һĨ֮ɫȭ̫ˣ
ȭͷһ˲ҶĹȦһ𣬿ֲ磬ƺҪ綼ƿһ㣡
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Ҷһȭȫȭ⣬ݿ࣬ݺݵɱɲǣѪŽը顣
ʲôǿ߷緶ʲôģ
һֻ̣ʣǱֹǱͬؤһ㣬Ȼһ˫۾һ֮ۿ
̫˰ɣ۾ĵ
Ž״ԲҶУ
ֿ֮ʮһս֣
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ĻʱӦ÷Ǭ򣬺١ҶЦΨһ۾Ҷˣ۾Ҷ㣬е㾪塣
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ôƶһ㣿Ǭһ£˵һӦҶҡҡͷǸˣܶ鶼ϲС
ȴһЦֻŵЦݣȫƥ䣬е㻬Цһ㶼⡣
һֱرԴˣ
Ҷͫ͵һرϣ
һֻо߶һ㣬о֣ϽǣһϣҪϵĶɢֱر͹ˣ
ֱر𿪿ˣǸ˲׶Ըɣʮ֮ʥҶ͵ؿ
սʿһƿߣ񣡡
һʮʥƾҶ˸û취ɱĸŽ֮ϣټĸˣնɱĻᣬһжǿ̸ҶʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ֲУҲǾŽ״ԲһݷǳҪսǣɲܸ˰״򹤡
֪Ѱƽҿ͸һöεóһֻУ
εһĵҩţؼֵʱ˵ξ֮УԵȡеһУɱΣ
ҶҲѲѣֻһֱûⷽĻԵ
εֻҪõ˵ͻɵ
ѾĳˣҶЦĻϲ֮ɫӹεһƬá
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һҪһ˵ͷϹžԣ˸ɭȻĹâ̹ǡ
ϹžǸļһҶҲǵһֽ֪ԣһλʮ֮ʥ
Ӿ߳ԱΪ
һ𣬴ս߳Ըūͣߡ
һ죬Ҷ㱩ߣҲԱˣֻϧʱԪѾݽߣһǺÿ
ҧгݵӣȻҲޣ
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Ϊģ
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λƣƬԴʯѶȫը鿪
Ҫʱ䣬Ϊټˣĸʮ˷ܡ
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ҶһĨâҪʱ䡣
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ΪʯʮֻҪǬ˵磬һܹȱпԴʯ
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꣡
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Сʱ֮ҶѾͷ󺹣ͬһ˸ߵĹֻʣʮ֮һûгκζ
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Ҷо֮ԽԽֲˣƺҪ˶ɵ
ѵдˣҶһĨâԿ־֮ɫ
һɫĹâȻ֡
Ҷͫ͵һһɿϲ֮ɫķһ̣ιȥˣͷϵİɫɫײ֮£ɢȥ
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ررҳֽҶ
ʯ֮Угҳֽ
һۿ֮£ȻһҳԴʦƽһҳԴʦʯ֮һҳͬһĴˡ
ϲ
Ҷֱ޷ݣ֮ıǿϲ
ҳֽǲر֮أʯ֮ȫУףһҳֽƽǣϿԴʦƽǽǣǡ
Ҷ͵һ鴤ҳֽҪԣҪҳҪǿ̫ˣ



߰ ɱ

һҳֽ¼ǹԴʦ
Դʦһܹ⹦ȴǹഫҶϸ֮£õһľϲ
Դأ
ʮ֮һԴأ
ȻԴʦһഫĹ
Ҷյĵʮһأ
Ѿʮһطˣ;˷ܡ
죬Ѿˣ죬ҶŴ𣬲е㲻˼
һĿǽ񣬿սʿһγʥһʮʥҲǽһǾŽ״ԲʥǼһУһ϶߲ϰɣ
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ֻⲻҺͽĶԹһɱΪãҶ˵
Ϊ֮ᣬ磬Ҷ㡣
ˣǿսʿսƣǴıĹһʵڲȻҵһưܵĹȥ֮󣬵õһֱرĦҶһƬҶӣȴĦ
渵Ҷ㣬Ħ죬гһգĻͻ֪Ħ˵ôҪ
ҶͷȲ˵Ħ˵ĦҶֱر;Բ
ǰúĦһСӵʥˣսʿһʥʣʥǾŽ״ԲĴڡǰһѵʱȻȻҲǰ룬˲²ĳˣ
˫ͫ׾Ȼϲһ
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ߣǸҶٶı£ȥҲУб£ڵģǸϹžû£ʧֵܣ֪֪ô˵˺ж󣡡
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쵼ߣȫˣĸҽӣɱҾȻʦڣ񵭵Цţƺ˿ΪȻ
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٣ԭҲ֪ҵõĦҶ飬ǣھͰĦҶ͸㣬᲻ߣгһĨϣ֮⣬Ļ£ǼҶ㼸ˣ֪Ƕ֡
˶Σ軨׷𣬰ѱ͸Ҷ㣬ߡ
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Ҷһ£ԣԲˣҸϲԼ˫ְѱ
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ŽʥŽ״Բʥ½һС
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ˣһŰɫĹâǹâ͵ʹͬһڹһݺݵȥ
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ԥɱ˹ȥر׷׶ʽԽֲΪȫ
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꣡
ѪӿԴϣԽѪས
꣬˲飬ʮ֮ΪȫҶɵ



߰ ֮
ĦҶõֵɲǣеһɴϢʮŨ
Ҷõĵʮֱر
Ħ˵гһȥ;
Ž׵Ҷ㣬ûʸǸطδܳͷأҡҡͷӦЩ
ˣһϹžˡҶ㵭ĵ
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㣬һֻ϶ѣҲҶȻһЦ⣬һֻ϶ѡ
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֮־ڱصã
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Ѿɣڱ֮ٴαֲ
ʲôˣ
ȲԣȻһȡ
ϹžȻôͲˣҶ㵭Ц
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㣿Ȼ벻ҶȻˣڰ˽״Բʱ򣬾ʩչط˵ĴڣȻˣ
ģˡ
ĸǺôĵӣԿĸ˸
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һͷʬѾľԪݽߣ֮ڣܶ䡣

Ҷ˻ʮӳԣֲڻʿЩǷǳóԵĶ
֣У
Ҷǳ֮ɫʬԼϣȥ֮ʲôʥ󣬾񣬶ǹƨ
ҶʲôûУܻĳȥأ
Ҷͻʻָ
߳¥Ҷһ֮ɫվ¥֮ǰۼ⣬Ҷ㣬ʱһ
㣬񷣬Ϲܼң˸ɭȻĹâ˹
Ҷ㣬ڳˣǶΪˣ¥һӣЦţȻûҶ㵱һ£
ʮʥɲͨöԸң󣬸߹жʮˣ
ʮʮʥ붼ÿֲ



߰ ƥ
ֻèҺ£ǻԼңҶһЦЦݣżֲм֮ɫ
èʵ̫ˣ
ɫ΢䣬Ҷƺе㲻һˡ
ʿգĿ
Ҷ㣬һˣһΣɱɣϹܼǷɭȻЦݣɱǴӣ֪һʬΣֻѾͷˣңնɱ㣡
Ϲܼĵȷ𺳣ǿ֮󣬷һŽɱԡ
ԣиǷޱȣʲô仯
֮·˵죬£꣬ҪͻƣǶϼѣ
ο򵥵죬¥죬ôʮʥһССľŽףʲôն
ˣϻ˵Ҷ㻹ʱ䣬ɱ֮󣬻Ҫȥǵˣ
ҶĻ˵̫ˣ
ʱһŭһ

Ƿһ˿ЦȻ֣
ֲƣ֮ƣֱӺɱƺҪĹٵһ㡣
ʱǾ¥а֮Զû˸¥֮ǰ䣬¥֮ϵֱ̫ˡ
֮⣬һճм׷ɣ⡣
һˣҶһĨâ
ͣ
â֮£˲һ̣ػζâҫۣʮ֮ȫܵҶԽԽ
һȭɲǣҶ¾Ҫˡ
Ȼ
һ˿â͵ǿӣ͵һ
־飬ʱ֮
ˣһӰƺӲƿնʯͷһ㣡
ôÿֲ
꣡
ֻоԼ΢΢һâԴ֮һԴ
һâ
ֲֵĺâȻӰգĴ֮С
ɲǣ͵һȻֱͦͦĵȥѪ弤ɫʱѿ֮
Ѹͣ
ܣ
񷣬Ϲܼңʮʥȫʧɫź㣬ٿҶ㣬ȫţģ
Ž״Բ
ʵǾŽ״Բ
ĵ֪ˣҶΪʲôֲһĸоҿĿ⣬һ˿Ϸʣ
Ϸʵ
ͻˣ̤˾Ž״Բľ磡
ҶԽɱ˵Ѿˣ˶ţڣֱ
Ž״Բڰ֮ɱһʮʥֱܹ䶯ˡ
Ҷ㣬ͻȻЦˣˣ
ϸĵˣȻ֣ᷢҶ֮ţһˣ
ƣˣսǿˣ
ԭʮս
ʮսԭͻƾŽ״Բ֮սѾﵽһ۷زգնɱ֮Ȼ֮
ȻͬѰǣôһ
ϹܼҶݺݵĵҶһΣһֱڻ
٣ĪˣһξԪʧһĻ𣡡Ҷ㿴Ϲܼɫ䣬Ĵˣ֮һָ֮
ϹܼһˣȻҶ㣡
ȫû뵽쳣
ҶĻȴЦһֱָ֮ڳ˵Σ
꣡
ֻҶָƺһâ͵ص
Ϲܼҵ͵һɫ˲ѿ˼¡
ͣ
һâ͵س֣¡һϹܼҵָâ󣬺ݺݵĴԴ֮ڣ
赲ݺݵڡ

ϹܼҷһĲҺȻһը鿪
ʮ״ԲΪҶȻʲôǣһ֮У
һУһУնɱ
٣񷣬˵ڵģҶ㵭ЦţŸ񷣬ƺһ˿ϧ֮ɫ
ϹܼңһʮʥȻҶǰһж߲ȥ
κⶼܣ
ȫܵģϹܼңô˵ʮʥֲŽ״ԲҶ㣬ȻǶֱ֣˼顣
һˣˡ
Ҷ˵һˣҪĿɲʲô飬档
Ҫģ
ǣȴְͳȥ
ܶ
˭벻սȻֲ˹񷲻ò̾һˣȻ﷭
ףѺѺ˵Ľ֡
ﻹʮλʮʥ٣սǿֲʮ˸ʥһģֶսҪ군˰ɣ
ץסһݡ
ȷò˵һλᣬǣеʱ򣬻ǰȴץס
ҶǷһ˿Ц˵ţξȻٶȣʧ˵ǰ
һ̣һâֻ֣һʮʥȻѪ֮У˲䣬㻯Ϊһѿݹǣ
ֲʮսֲ̫ˣ
նɱʮʥͬ̽ȡ
꣡
Һʥˡ
ʣʮ
˵Ŀֻ֮УҶһɱ˻κ˵ľһʮʥɱһĿֲһҶ㿴ͬСӹҼһ㣬նɱƥ
ƥĹâ磡
ĹҶĹâ
һνûܹӹħơ
ƥ
ֻڵҶˡ
һӵʱ䣬ҶͻȻֹסɱĿ˸񷣬ûУĹùɭɭֻʣˣ
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ͬŽ״ԲΪʲôô
ΪʲôΪʲô
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вƽҶվʱ򣬾Ȼ𣬷йеĲ
Ҫƽ𣿡ҶǷһ˿ɭЦݡ
ðҸһᣡҶһƷֻҪѸɱҾͷһ·ģڵĸ񷣬ûκΪΪҲҷӡ
ĿҶ㣬Ҳôģ
ţΪʵǰֻҪɱҾͷߣ
ҶЦŵЦݣôǶħЦݡ
Ҷ㣬ĺúݣȻֶΣɱңˣҸ׻Ҹ£Ϊұ𣡡ĵ
ΪѾҶӡˣʮ֮ѹ˾Ž״Բ
ѡ񣬾֪㸸һλʱܱҲ޷˵ɱ㣬Ͼɱ㣬ܻȥ
أ
ŭţǣһ̣ʵĽ
һâ¶ĵ⣬ݺݵ˸ظڣ⵶âͬѪħһ㣬ȻŸľԪ
ɣ
˵ľԪΪ

еƷ
꣡
ҪѾˣɲǵĹľԪȻɴݺһƣ࣬ꡣ
֪ΪʲôԳɱ˸𣿡Ҷ㽫ĿڵϹӲд
̧ͷҶ㣬Ҳ̫ѹ
ң֪ΪʲôûκηͱԼɱˡ
£һжӲסôھȻԼɱˣʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ㣬ϣԼ𰸡



߰һʮ 
ĸףҲһλ˵սУʮͷʬ٣֮ŭ㸸ҲסɣҶ㵭Ц
һСѡ
㣬Ҫøպ͸ɱɱѪɺӣȡһĨ֮ɫ
ҶЦˣ¥Ļʣָ֮תߣ
ħ԰еķ̨ȥǣҲȥǣԤУ֮󣬷̨Ҳ֣ʱһԵ£á
֮⣬λ󣬶ſڣ
Ҷ㵥ǹƥ߳һȻӣ˶
һâȻէ֣
Ŀֲ
¡
·Ҫ鿪һ㣬ҶֻоëȻڣɫȴ˿䣡
Ҷ㣬㲻һСѣȻεң٣һ֮ˣһΣҿ㻹ʲô£ӳҵƣ
Цĵ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬ԶһֻϣǰǣҲǣһָͷɱ
ˣ
ڿҶɲǣͺȻ֣޹˼ɣĿľҪɱҶ㣡
ããҸűãٴԲѣվöѣһ׷ʮǧȻץסң֮У㶼׷Ϸˣ㣬ȴֻҶƤӣ
Ҷĵȫӡ
һΣ㻹ղƤӣģ
ͣ
Ȼ䣬һâȻ֣Ҷ󣬳һɿµϢ
ʳָָ£һ
һȻ鿪
ɫʱѿޱȣŲ˳Զ֮ٿҶ㣬ȻһʬվҶǰסҶߡ
ĿУȴĹâ˸ţʬ֮ϡ
ȻҶڿʬ

񷢳һ֮ɫѿ֮
һλ󣬺ȣƨǣ
ҶоȻһλ׼ȷ˵һͷʬ
ܣôܳʬ֮УֻٰһΰٻʢᣬмرѾ˵ãôܳʬ
ڵһߣߡ
˫Ŀͬâһ㣬ѹʮվǰ棬䶼ϹϾ

ǰڱչصΪʮָǸͨɫ
󣬸ûñȡ
Ŀƺʲô
Ȼ˫Ŀ͵ݺݵһѴȣ̾ϢǴ˾ѵĻᰡ֪֮ڣӡŶĹ±˵󣬾Щ󶼻ᱻɣ
ʦ֣˵ʲôĿŶ
ҲΪŵȣʮʥĶ壬󣡴һ󣬵󣬶֮ϣ֮
һ󣬶һشԲǶǲѡ
£񴫵ݳһͷ֮ڵһС
ҪرգűҿãһжҪˣָѾˣûܹĹرգҪȵһο治֪£
̾Ϣȴ¶һĨ֮ɫף֮£ôƺȫرգڵȴʲôĪʱ䡭ţʴյӾҪˣĪǡ
뵽һֲĶʴգº󣬶һ죬ѹ᳹ʧͬһ죬Ҳֲһ죬κμùĶ֣
Ȼʴգʮ꣬һλᡣ
ڵʴյӣô⽫һ£ˣĪǸˣ
ȥˣͬʱҲٽˣ
ΪѪ֮ҹ֮ҹ
ôֲ𣿡Ŷ񣬵
˵ĻҪֲ£ƺʶʴա
֮գºĽʴصǽ񲻸أ
٣̤ɲǣӦ֪˰ɣ󲻹һµľ磬һȫµƽ̨ǣ֮£߸ϣľϣƨ
ܻĵʴյӣܳ٣㿴ҶСеʬˣʬ壬֣һָܰǬ½
ɴ۾ֱŶ˵һС
ˣ˵棬һ죬ǰڱɽɣǲˣ񷢳һ
Ҷ֪һ˵òˡ
ҪμĵľǱڲ棬ʲôʱͿ˳μˣ
ʱѾѹŴֱҪˡ
񣬶񣬿ң̲סԮˡ
ǣҶ
һצʬϣȻ˻ȥײˡ
趯񷶶
Ҷٿʬս
ݣ
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޿ɱ⣡
һֻϣҶĹЦʬȻһצ͵ر˺÷飡
ɲǣһѪ
ֱۣץ鿪дʬָʹһȴʱ򣬱Ҷһϡ
裡
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ԲѣʬŭһһɫĹȦݺݵĺ
Ȼʬһȭ£ֱӽȦϡﻩȫ޻֮
ɿűʬһȭ£ӿ޷
ţʬһȭݺݵĹ֮ϡ
ɲǣȻ鿪һŹâ͵س֣ɿ
ʬ˵ĺǽأƨҶŭһһźݺݵĲϣ
һֻ˶Ľӡϣ
裡

ȻϣɱҪܣ
Ҫɱ㣡
ˣǣʬûһ취ʮĲ࣬˭޷⣬һΣǱʬһȭٴڵϡ
С̫ˣ
޿̵ĶҲˣǱҶˣ˫

˫ƥ
ʬ֣У
ҶĹЦ
뿪ˣߵʮȴûס
оޱ裬оǳĴǸоӣĴڡ
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Ҷ㣡
һӴв˳ԴڵϵҶ㡣
ˣ߷𣬲ٿʬķľڵʶѾûκξκˣһ˻
λӼһ㣬죬Ҷһ߲ˡ
¾ͬģǸӼᶨҶסҶ㣬Ҳزˡ
õĹޡ
ǣһжתҶľеľƴŻˣңλ㣬ݺݵ裬
ȫһˣ



߰һʮһ 
Դմ֮Ҷ伣ҲûһϢ
˴ԣҶ˶ҲˣҶ뿪Ʈƽ磬
ǣӣԴʯ쳣𱬣Ϊʱһµߣ춼·ǳԴʯ
ѩ׵ĳе㱯Ʋ࣬ϡԿʱӰӡ
ÿ춼ԴʯºܶԴʯ֮뿪
ڣΪΪҳߵĶµԴʯΪ߱ûκΪһˡ
Ҳ˵ǸߣʧˣʧȥΪתԴʦˡ
Ȼַ˻Źģǣͼٵˣصʧˣö֮ߣηûٸҴ⡣
Ϊһʧһʮʥ
ʱѾȥˣÿ飬ԴʯԴʯÿ춼ںԴʯ򽻵
ÿϣԴʯжһ㵭ɫĹâתߵڡ
ڳȻ֣ᷢԴʦ
ֻԴʦʯֶΣҲܴԴʯмȡԪķֻԴʦһУ
ߣû֣Ҳ˵ܹƧҲûѣÿԴʯ֮⣬ǰĵϣĿů
ˡ
Ҳ֡
ˣҲͨ˵˼һط֮У˼
Ȼܶ˶Ѿ͸ͷ
ǣÿȥԴʯ֮⣬ڵϿ档
Ȼһ죬Ȼֳһ̵һԴʯڵϣĵ̡
·ÿһˣÿһСӣÿһϸ΢Ķ۲һ
ǶļԣĿƺзһ飬κһϸ΢Ķġ
۾
мƤĺҪ֤棬һԣţǰĺӣÿһϸ΢Ķ˵ʱͣ̽ȥ
ÿ죬Ҫ̳ǧĵ
ԽԽƺ⡣
ģԽԽܿʵˡ
оһڿҿҵææµµ
ǽģϲŭ֣ҲҲи飬һˡ
ߣƺñˣƺΪ棬һУΪ˼ˣѡ
ˣҸġ
һңߣȴûС
ǲ֪᲻ţҲ֪ǵУ⣬
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գеһУȫΪһ̾Ϣ
ۣүүڻˣһͷԵĺӣһ˫۾ģ˺档
Ŷǵư𣿡ͻȻЦˡ
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ֻаٰʮ˼ңɽˮһжִδϢ
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ףҳˣҲҪʹһһҵ
ҶĵˣŲϵĸףͻȻеᡣ
СҶعԣνѹȥ֮ɣ׻ᣬ۳£ҶҶصԴ
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ȻҪգ
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ƽ⣬ʼѹ𽥼Ψеģһ㣬ǣʱİڣţͷţȻҲ˵֮С
ʥ棬ڵ֮չ
Ҷ΢ĵǣĸ׺ͽ㣬ԼԼǣŮǣŮǣˡ
֣ο



߰һʮ ʴ
ʤ
ʥãس֮£޵У˵λ֣λ֣ƿ⡣
ͻ󣬶ʱƻңսƥġ
Ǭ½֮ϣɫðޱȣͬѪϴһ㡣
ſֻŵϢʮѹ֡
ʴգ
ʮһεʴգ
ҶӣȻʴյ֮Уָ˧ӣͺڵͷǽķɫ
Ŀ˸
գѪɫɰɫɻɫգͨѪɫ
ͬѪסһ㣬³׽ͷɵ
ʲôϢ֮ܣô֮
Զ֮Ϲ֮ţ콵󣬻بϢ⵽ʲô
ҪֲϢһɣҪЩǿ̫ˣ˭ôǬ½֮ϣ

ͷӶ۷׷ס
磬ڿֻ֮С
ӵؿ֮Уؼ֮أԼبŵʱշ֮Уبųɭļ֮ء
̫̫࣬ԴȪڻ۵һǬ½е׵һصھأ
׾֮⻹
ǿֲĴڣ
ֲĹâᴩأֱ졣
аλϢĵϹţֲ󣬾ȻûȻع½ƺȡʲôһ㡣
ǡ
ͻȻҶĿ͵һʣ
˻ʣԱߣվһˣȻվڷ̨֮ϣվԱߣԵʮǡ
񣡡
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬Ĳ̨֣࣬Ҳˡ
ĹˣܹնɱǧԲǸ򵥵
뵽ΪԼȷο

ʳҶǵҶĻҶóһЩСһеĸˡ
Ŀ΢΢һĿҶһۣҶȴоһһ
һ亹־塣
ܵƺͷΪ׽ҶӷϣܵϢϢͻʺ
ʣʶ㣬οһȻҶԺ֮С
ƺ񿴳ҶĲ
ǣҵĶӣͻʵĹϵ
ҶȻ򣬹ֲ÷̨ûʳȴܣԭ̨ڷģʣǷĶӡ
ſҶĻģͬһֻèһ
ˣʣлỹģָһ㣬һӱץ˹ڷ̨֮ϣʲĿҶһۡ
ټ
һ仰ƮȻȥ
ݵɲǣʧˣһ⣬ڡ
ȻҶɫһ䣬Ǵս
սöôֲȻܹһλǱӻгһգҶ㶨Ȼս
ҶĿ⣬ޱȼᶨ
һâڿлҼһĻˣһӶǡ
ֻۿҪ۵ˣҲӦĴۣˣеֱӱҲеıɵӡ
Ψ־ᶨˣһֱȥӰ졣
ĲԲ֮µˣܹġ
һ񷣬ҶֿһϤӰӣ
ȻûҲǴս֮ʧѪɫҹĻ֮Уƺͷһ̤
ԽҶҲ˷Խ
ˣû
ĿҶһֱۣӿԽȥ
Թ棬˶·ˡ
ս󣬾Ȼᣬ̤
Ҷ㿪ʼԣʱţˣǬ½ǵգΣϾҪˡ
ֲϢͬĺ磬翪ʼɽ飬ӵɽѣʯá
ԭʼһ˸ͽܣ̫ˣˣˣ˵һˣĴսգɨʣһۣвᣬֱ̤
󣬴սķ˹̾һҲ̤
𣬳Ҷ㣬ʮյµƣҫܿռ䣬ݵ棬ûܵѪȾ
Ѿ̫ʥѪȾضѪֹ
ʮֱرҶɵתһıȦݵĿʴյȫ̡
Ȼبųķӡ
˴һۣһţ֣һλ޺ڷӵĴ£Ҳ̤

Ҷû뵽ңԶȻиռ䣬ǷĹȣ
ˣû
Ҷϵ˷֮һ˼ĸ벻ѣ֮ҶһۣŪҶоȫըʮֲֿ
ֳۣһرͥ
ҶеͥһģһеͥƷһ㣬ͷһԼļ԰תȥˡ
ǿչ·ϣȻһˮ

룡
ǣûߡ
ʴգҲܹһ٣󣬱Ȼܵ췣췣Ҫ񷣿ֲ򱶣ֻ뿪ѣ
Ȼʴ֮ѹƴ½ڣ
ԣǱҪߣ
սķֳĸӰۣƵۣڵۺ޴ۣ
ۣҲɹ֮Ҷ˹
úչҵŮټ۵ĵζŮ˼
İɣҶͷ
ʱ䲻̫һűȥģ
۵ͷǣҵ̤ǿչ·
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Ҷնɱ޴۵ͷ­гһգᱨġ
ħ֮У߳һѽ֮
ħ֮
ĿҶһۣ֮䣬Թ˽ᣡ
Ҷħʱ򣬰֮ҳ֣ڣŸ˵ҶЦѡ
ҵ㣬ϣҪͷڹ꣡
ս߳һħˣ˫˸Ĺâһչ֣㽫ħС
ħ
ȻȻ֣֮Ųˣ漴ƿҶ㣬һĨâ
ϣҪ𣬳綼ңħ˵ҡڵ̤
һŹߣɭȻ׵ĹǼƴնɵߣ˹Ļ˸쳣ֲ
΢΢֮䣬˴ȻȻֻУҶڵ磬Ҳ˲ջǱҶơ
ֲʮֲֿ

ҶһۣðҵĶˣ
ҲҶһۣתߣǿչ·֮ϣվˡ
ծ಻ѹѾ̫˼ǺҶˣĿһۣЩƺǼռλһ㣬ǿչ·֮ϣΪĦ
սٴ߳һ۵ӣһɫһ֮ϵ˲磬Ȼץߡ
Ҷ㣬Ҳȥ
𣬱Ӧңȴռ˱ˣ٣ټ
˾ȻۻҪֲֻһСͥҲΪҶڵͥӣǰˣΪʥ
ȻҶ˺޵ԭ



߰һʮ 

֮
ս˫Ŀƽͣ˹Ҷһۣ֮ţյµƣ֮ȫҶռΪУ¶ŭɫ
磬ҵĸͣȴԴռΪУ治ˡһ֪ٵһѪĴۣ
޲ɱҶ㣬Ǭ½ˣǬ½ߡ
ܿϧս֮󣬴½»֣ѾĴڡ
̤ǿչ·ߡ
Ҷ̾һԼ̤Ĵأ类ˣħʧˣ½磬Ǭ½
ѾĿ꣬ɽӱѣ
Ҫ½򣬱ƵĹԣ磬ʴ֮ʱȻ顣
ŴĴ½Ҷޱȱ
ĵطĵطɳĵطǿĵط
һеĻ䣬ȴΪ½顣
ˣⳡ֮УƷҶ㱾ΪĴڣȴû뵽Ҫ½
Ｋط
˼£ƶ½
ƶ
з˳Ʒ
Ҷ벻ģҺãţǰ֮ǰѾܺʥãźͰڡ
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ȴһ۶ѣԼȥˡ
Լûб£˭־ȵ㣡Ҷ̾һ
ʣֳһӰӰȻ޾һȭɶ
棡
ƿնɲǣһԾ̤ǿչ·֮У
Ҷ㿴˰ʼ棬Ȼս飬һǵʶתҶϡ
аʼ棬¶һĨŭɫ
ˣ
׾̨Ҷ㣡
򣬻ĻʼŭҶһۣ漴תȥ
漴棡
֮ʼ棡
һۣջһ̾Ϣתȥֻȥ֮ǰԼһ졣
ԣȴϰ˱ѣ
۾ȻҲ߳ˣ˲һֿۣ˿ʱ磬ɫ΢΢仯һرڲ֮Уˣȥ
һ߳ģ˵ⶼϬı˶ɫ΢䡣
سɴ硣
ֱӲǿչ·֮Уֲڣڽǿչ·ʱ򣬶óһ·
ܣһһܣܣȴδܹ
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ȥıӰҶͻȻӦĿ΢΢˸ջһâ
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澭Ĵɾ磬֮
ȻͻƣбݣһŨص̾Ϣ
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زұ䣬ʧɫ
ĿңһĻĻ飬ͬҲк顣
һӰӰ̤棡
ؼҵʼ棡
ҶʶؼҵĴ棬棬ǣûмؼҵʼ棡
λʼ棬ʵ̫ˣֻ̧֮һ֣һ˫Ҷ㣬ҶֻоһëȻ
ͬ߶һ㡣
ҵĺҲ㳢ζȻһЦƮȻȥ
ҶĿ˸ܲޡ
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ҩҲˣҲǴս߳ģŨҩ㣬̤ǿչ·ߡ
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ԴʦгȻǴӷĹģ̩ɽ֮Уġ
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ǵȻʣǿչ·֮Уһġ
ߵһԴʡ
·ԽԽˣҶȻһЦѾԦ뿪˵ˣʼˣ
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ÿһߣʯ֮УμɹˣһݳİգȻ˵ٷ֮ٳ񣬵ҲԶˡ
ʮʥĻʮ֮ǿҶʱ򣬶¶һ˿־֮ɫһŽ״Բʱ򣬾Ϳɱ
ڣ̤ʮף˭ǡ
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ʯ
һƬĿռ䣬֮£ޱʵһͨˡ
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ƽɽ壬硣
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Ҫһˣһˣ
ɽ壬ִ塣
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ִɽˮҶ㷢֣ɽֱһԴʯɽ
ԣڰҹ˯ʱ嶼ʳɫĹâԴ֮һ
ˣҲ
ӹĺˬҶһ쵽ʮְݡ
Ҷ壬ҵȥԷһͷԣСӣҶ
ļҺҶھӣС
ĵ롣
Ҷ㲢ûвֵӣ͸ӣҲѵأҶ͸һЩӣҪ
ңƽʱҶ㵽Է
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ϵܰ㳤ҲǱãοʮˣҲȢˣϸȻûɶ£Ҳָܰϱ
ҶĻ¶
ҶһЦܾ磬ѾȢˣ
ʲôɶʱȢﰡôû٣СӲĨ˵ɣû£ҶǴүǣɶĨģûȢûȢϸѾɫһˣþû˵ҼףΪҲڿҵúܡ
߶߶˵һھƣ˵ˡ
ĺ⣬Ҷ࣬һĻñӣϹǿ֪ᷢʲô顣
ϸ磬ˣҲôˣֻ˵ìܣŵҶһĻԡ
ܿϧƺţȻûȴһƲ졣



߰һʮ ֮һ
Ī⡣

վڶⶵĴϣǬԪ֮ܣ֮ԭʼ֮ת
Ĵ
ǧΪһ壬һĴ
飬ն˿һԾ졣
ɱ֮һŭɱ˵飬ʮɱһˣǧﲻУ

գһ̾Ϣ֮·޷⣬ȻȻʮ֮ǿǻ޷Ĵ
ԣɱ
ߣҲ
ɱҲ
һ˿Դʦ֮֮Уһ˿Ĵһ㡣
һνɱ֮һȻɱȥ
֮Ī⣡Ҷҡͷ̾ϢԴʦ֮ǰһ仰аȻһԴʦ
֮ڣȻһ
ɱ֮һɣ˷ȥ
飬ն˿ɡ
ȻⲻҶϲĴԼǣңĸף㣬ӣӣ޵ĸס
ǣңȻɱ֮һһһˡ
ҲգҶħħ֮һԼ̳ҵɱ֮һҶһң̫ǣң֮ΪҵǺá
ҶԽᶨɱ飡
ʮɱȻһ飬ԥ
Ҷļᶨһ棬һȴͨһĻʯ
ˮ
Ȼɱ֮󣬾ȻһĵĴ

Ծ£֮
ģȻתɰ֮һ
ȻСԴʦȴ֮һƣԽ
ʱȻȥƮ˴ѩ
ѩзţЦš
¯汼ڡ
Ҷ壬ԽӰͻȻҶķţе
һ̵ûӰˡ
һᣬˣҶеȥԽӡ
⼸ķǳˣÿ겻ܳԱдӿڵģҳô󰡣ǵγԵӣ
ڵĽӣ˵ĵ
ֵܣⶬ찡䣬ϣڿϳԷůͣڵĵ
ҶȾȥϽе
ӣҶȴǰһ
ԲһԲ
֮Ҷ㣬ԣմ⣬ǲźóԣ
Сһֻӣһһ˷ܵĽš
Ҷһֻӣĳţ·ŷһ㣬йâ˸֮һһ̾Ȼ
ǴͻоԼ֮
ֵܰǰʱϸ˵ɫһ٣ؿˣڴһǰҺɩȥˣǸˮ鰡
ҶЦϽססҪᣬӵˣɲȢˣ
Уǵ˼һ֪ҲʱܹδʲôùжǣϸңһҸõģǰ͹ȥɡȻ⡣
ǣҶôͣ붼ǲ
Ҫ㶫ȥס
ȻƴǲˣʹӦɣȻκ鶼ûгԹʧȥ˺ܶʣ
һͬˮһŮӣϧ
ϣҶܵһ˿ߵϢ
ҼŮòƷʣȫû˵׵ˣżˡ
ԱߵϺĹŮһŮӣվһԡ
ʱ˺ŮӵＸ䡣
˵仰ŮͻȻ
ȻܾȣŮҪˣСȻ಻˵ͽıڣİ㻹ãһֻ̰ͼɫʲôϰĻǿɲ
ֲ֪СӣֻǼ˵˵Ůס߶߶졣
ǲУ˵ҵڳСһʹô죡
ĸȰģʵŮҪܾȴֲܾ̾
գҸɣʮӣҶԺ˵̫
Ŀ֮£ҶŮߵͥԺУмһס
ǷµҶɣŮȿڣȻҶĴѾ˲ס˲ˡ
ҽзعŮЦ
ȻŮҲǲμʮʥȴ룬ʯʱ򣬾ȻһӤһӤҲϺҵĹŮ
ŮȻ۰òˡ
귽ʮˣȴһֱ᲻ü޳ȥҪһʵ˼ңŮȥȥ
عֵأҪ޳ȥˣǵסˣȻĸĸٰ㣬Ҳ㵥ȥҶͻȻЦ
ع¶һ˿֮ɫܰң͸ˣ
ұмңôܺأοѣ
Ҷ̯֣ʱϺԼŮ˻ȥĿҶ㣬ɱŮ⣡
ϣλϵܿһֺõĵܵļգ̳Ķֱǻһ㣡
ô˵϶ҡͷ
ϾҶûأҲûţôùŮҸ
عĸҲǼͬ⣬Ҷ㣬˳ȥ
磬ӣα˷ѾأҶ㿴룬ڼﶫƴգȻΪƸ
ǿأʲôҶҪǿһصĽש
ܽҶӣ˲ԴʯƷȥׯһЩϺõĳУϵʱҶ㣬ٴν˷Ϻļ
һһصĽӣһһʳˡ
Ϻ˫۷Ź⣬͸һһε̬ȲӣҲ飬ǵȻɡ
ҿҲعɲЩ˳ףĸеɿڣϽ
ţȷֻǰŵԱ⣬ĶӺͲ࣬δļҵҲӼ̳УĻȥ˾̣һĽשʲô˵ԱʱģжǮ
ϺڽשϣѾҶ㻮Ůѡ֮һ
ǰǰִ˼ңض࣬ҼСعȥ۸ǿô찡һũ˼ңӲù˼ԱɱˣڵСΪײԱ⣬һȣڻǸأ
˲޵ĵĵ
عһԣŪϵС⣬Ҷֵģ
ͨ˲ʶǷعȴһϢʮŨ
һܣع½ֵһƷɻƽĻǿһҵǮ
ֻϧϺЩֻϵýש
ŮҲȱ𼱣ˣȥϢһᣬǸСӣ֪ǼҵĹŮһģʡһҵŮԺ㲻ãŷعĴȰ֮顣
ڴϵҶ㣬ͻȻһ˿֮ǰҪٱ
ͻƣѵҪͻˣҶ۾



߰һʮ 
ȥҵ鲻֮
ͻȻһ峿ҶɽҰ֮䣬ٳľ
Ѿ·ֻҪͰȥ֮ȻסĽŲ
ϺҶļţڵϿһ
ԭعԱĶӸˣͶŵ£ҵҶ㣬ϣҶܹŮҪŵŮҶ㡣
ҶЦãϺżģǷ򸾶˹ؿģһ˵ͷ
Աҡ
שߣֺͬһ㡣
ʱϲأŵƽʣȻ׼¡
˵ԱĶӺͷع׵ĺӡ
ţ
붴ɲǣһ޺Ҷվſڣ۾΢΢عʮʥ޸һ˶
ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ǣʮʥȴûһ;Թ֮̾ܳӵΪ
ʯ֮УиʥԶûг
ʲôˣܼңҸϳȥ
׵Ա⣬һļһʮ꣬ɷ
飡
Ҷӹ򣬼ǿ˼£˵һˣߣܹնɱ
ƾԼ
ܼͬغ«һ㣬ݺݵĴɳȥ
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ԱȻгһУһ˿ԶŵϢ
СòǺ˸֮һɣҶе죬Ϊ֮ϣŷǺȣͭ¯ɾϢ
һ޶
Ҷ㵥ֽжо˸
Զ˵Ĵб
ţбһһһǹǲƵģ
ϵôǲб֮һ
뵽ҶĿóͬǯһ㣬ץסԱĲӣʵУǴӺζģ˵ٻҾɱȫң
ҶĿͬʱԱĲӷ
ſҵ
ԱŭһҪȴҶһ߷ɣعը飬ѪŽ
˵
Աⱻ̱ˣĲҰ֮ɫ֪һߵӲˡ
ʨɽԱĵ
ҶɿĲӣڴڵĴŴ
ʨɽ֮ϣɻĶУҶƵ˷ܡ
б˵õȫĲбһϵһԾ̤֮
ˣô棡
֪Ĳ֪ҪɱңĲ֪
ҶԺȻŷƣ߸ϵʥֵסοһͨˣŵʧˡ
˵֮͵һѪԵȥˡ
Ǵң¾ѹҲɵӡ
ʨɽģҶ͵ؿ
һŲͣƣҡͷҶһţŲˣʮˣȻ϶򴲡
Ҷŷعˡ
Ƕеʲôͷع̲ס棬ʵ
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عһȻǰˣǷֱ̧ɱˣֲ
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˿̣Դʯİ£һϵ֮ڣ˸ŵĹԣֱ͵ǿˣ
罭һ㣬ӿ֮ڡ
һ˶ϵˣб֮еһһһǹõ֮һ
ɲǣԪ羪κһ㣬Ҫֱϣ֮
Ҷȴ¶һĨԥվʱͻƣ
ǿзӡԼΪԼʱ֮ҹܹΪһλ
ͳȣõб
һ񣬾Ҫͳȥʯ磬ɾҲˣԣѹԼͻơ
ʨɽ
һ֮ǰ֣
ϢǲбһϢ
ܣ
Ҷ뵽ܣ̤ܣв¶һĨâ
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Űɣܣ̤򣬱ҪƵ㲻ܵ񻰣Ҷмᶨ
˷ܵǣɽеӥڣ˲беһǹ
ǹӲӣڣķʣҫݣմء
б֮סңõĻл׵һصľ磡
Ҷǵ֮ɫ
Ҷ壬Ҫ˰ǲȥŰҶͱ
ҶԴóһö壬Ĳϡ
壬㳤꣡ҶЦŵصĵͷ֪Ҷ㲻Ǹͨˡ
磬ټˣҵݵĵ͸ˣгһգȥ˹һУǮ㹻ʳˡӣлɩӵչˣ
Ҷ
һˣʵĺӣʮ飬Ҷסһʱ䣬ܿ
ʲôͷԵĵ
а춼ڽӣҶЦ
֮ڿնȥسΪ飬俴Ҷգ󻯳һâȻʧ
пԼȻ˻ɣֵܹܡ
֮һߣڸûʵĸۡڣػƣһʮ꣬ҶȻϳ룡
롣
ĶӣҲһһʮˣҶ㵱͸塣
ãﶼȢˡ
ع˵һԵ벻̾Ϣ治֪ҶϵôˣҲڸ߸ϰɣ
꣬Ҷ㽻Ļ⣬ʮ֮Ϊ˶ӵƸ񷢳룬Ҷ㵱Ļͷȥ˹
˭룬ϣһ۵ĵƷۣȻһĹ
һСĹһĶӣǸѣȢ˸Ĺʯռڣķˮ
˵Ҷ᲻ǰҲڻǸеĴ壬ӵ˽ĵλҲɾһ
ҶǴæģҲΪߣͻ֪ҶĴ˰ɣ廳ĵһܴǰ꣬عҲ뿪ˣڿһֱҶӰӣҲǸ˲Ĵ
ĪҪˣǰʮǹҵʱ֣㻯ѣУҶǳ羴֮⣬˵䲻Ҷ壬֪Ҷ֮ϣһλǿߣ˶Ĵڣ
ǰҶǸ˲ˣЦˣҶ㣬ǵõǸӣȴ׷ԲԵߡ
ʱѾƹ˰꣬Ҷ㣬ɣǵãҲδϳڵɡ
һ̾Ϣ
һң֪жˣҶ㣬һҵĶˣԶǡ
Ҷүүǲǳú˧ļϣĵ
ӶЦ
˧ҷǳǿ󣡡
Ǳȷع̫أСһʵ貵۾˸ŵĹԡ
Ҫǿ϶ĵһ۷壬˶ҪĴڣߵ磬ߣ
ԺҲҶүүһˣСһվˣȻ





߰һʮ 
ʯ֮ǰһɫӰ˸ŵľ⡣
½󣬵ˡ
󣬻ûн٣һȹʽΪһλ׵һص
ףҲΪף׾أֻвȹȥܳľ硣
ʯһ֮꣬߳ȴ֣ʵ粻һ¡
һµʱ䣬½˷츲صı仯
ԭĴ½Ŀ꣬Һвۣ˲壬Ĵ½ؽϣ
ڰ壬ߵߣɢɢΨˣǻ񣬾ȻҪռǬɴޣ
Ҳ֪ʼʲôֶΣȻ˵սʿˡ
ʴ֮ؽмȴµĿյڣڼ䣬ܹãǣһûҷ֮½ع鱾Դ
ϵĴڣ죡
ԣҶ֮ڣ뿪½
һ죬Ϊſܻع½
һˣعʥá
ʥãǾƷδ˵ʥá
ֻҲ̫غʥãΪһѹٴԲжܹĴڡ
ʥãóĴڣԣѹ㾡ȫɱʥá
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İܼӣȻһӼǧڣֱǮ
һһƷǿ൱ֵīɽˮȲǹҲǷװõģ;Ƽߣһⶫǰܼʲô
ƺ޺޵ҧŭĿӣʮźŰ˭
ȻҺԣ
īɽˮԸ֣ҶŽתͼһ貵ĹâҶ㿴ͷȻ
һȻ˹ЧǧҪǿ̫ˡ
ͷ΢΢ƺҪһ㡣
ˣ
һϸ΢ʮ
ҶѾʱϲɫ
תͼˣ
ˣʵ̫ˣҪ䣬ûмʮ꣬ǲܸԭģⵤīԱ˵ǼߣǶ˵ȴ֮أһҪΪҶռУҪմȾر
쳣˵Щ֮ٴ˳˯
ī
Ҷ΢΢һմȾرôõõģҶΪ֮Ц
ļƷ˵;ȻѹƷѾʼ
ѹƷһһȻһս
ҶĿ͵һս촬
ֱرս촬
Ȼó
׼ǧڣӼһǧ
һڣ
һŰͬ۾ͻȱ߼ۡ
ҶĿһϣܸܵһŰﴫĿֲϢ
ҲĴڡ
شԲΨ֮ȴ
ڣ
ڣ

۸ܿͱ̧ܿ㵽ʮڡ
һ֣κһ˵һСĿ
Ȼֱر˵ʮ㲻ʲô޼۵ġ
ŸոտʼһСʱ֮󣬼۸̧˰ڣѾ˺ˣҶĿĺŰᣬһ꣬Ȼӣǲƴ֣򲻿Ҫս촬
վʦѾЦúϲ£ˣѹϷŸոտʼѾ˰ȻȵƷĽҿ̧֪ʲô۸
ûбȰʯ۸ˣ
ڵһΣ
ڵڶΣ

ڵΣɽ
ս촬ĺŰõ˽֮УҶõϢ
ʼҴˣ١
̽ΪҶȻ֣һĤˣ
ֲıϣʶˡ
ΪôǿᣬǱܱĳ徢
Ҷ㷣ս촬ҪʱĴˡ
һƬƷƬ
Ϣһһأš
ƷĲƬ
ʲô൱һڰƷǿ˼¡
ǿ׼ۣ˵һʯ
ྺߣ㿴ңҿ㣬û˸ҳۡ
һƷʲô˭֪ΪѾΪֹˡ
ܼң˿Ҷٶˣ
һܵǰϥĵ
ʲô¶һ˿Ⱥ;ϲ֮ɫģ
ᣬ˵ۣʿģ£һڵĸ߼ֱۣīɽˮ
ʲôһڣͨһ£ϡ
һڣǴĦλʯߵһ𣬿ǣȻˣһƻ
ڣץסûһڰһƻֵһڣ
죬ǲж֮ϵ󣬸ߣڳ֪һ֮ǰץסɭȻĺɫ



߰ʮ 
ޱߵĲԭһӰǾӥԭ
໣໣
һֻֻӥϰ裬˴ų򣬰졣
ĵҶ졣
ս촬֣һҲڣϾ߲ʵ̫ˣҲǱ濴ȥ竣ͬƷɱ
ԣ
صĹؿȻ˺͸һսʵʱս촬һԵû
һģһλɼľ
һޣɼľԶΪɼľһŰǸֲǿߡ
㲻Σ֪Ŀɼľĵһ仰
Ҷ΢΢죬˵صĺܺãɼľôܿвأڶ仰ˡ
һλˣ㣡
ˣλ˿²֪ѣһλѸ˽ĵˡ
½ϣĵǧǧ򣬾һʴյʱ򣬾̤ǿչ·ϵõģҲвϵõģͶ޵Ŀ⡣
ҵĵ˺ܶ࣬ൽѾǲˣҶԳЦЦ
ɼľЦԭϷʮö˵Ļ񣬾ͱˡ
˵Ⱳӣʹ޵ˣ㣬ֻҪһᣬϧһУҪɱ㣡ɼľҶһۣ˶٣ļ壬ϣҪͬһζ
ΣⱾһʤΪ磬Ҫȥͱɱˣ˳˵磬޴ѡ񣡡Ҷε̯̯֣ʧܵһֻ
ò˵Һ񣡡ɼľ̾һңҲ˵Ŀ˵ͬһ˿Ρǽ˭û취谭
⣬ΪɱңǵҶŤͷɼľ
λȫ޾ɫ
һ㶼£ɼľе죬ΪҶ񣬿ڡƺе㲻һ
ʲôµģ㲻ѣҲشԲ󣬾ƾҪɱңδóѣҶȻЦ
ȻͬѰ
ɼľһЦ
̾磬Ƿݿ࣬޷
Ҷƺ뵽һˣǸ֮ļһ
ҲֵģΣͷҲܵģԾڴˣټϣǻһ죡ɼľͻȻЦˣ֮ˣȻȴûкŶԿ
Ƭ֮ϣûɱңҶĻ֮ǰҪٱ
𣿿ļһ
һߣ˹ϣŵЦ֮ɫ
棡
ҶĲ࣬棡
λؼҵʼ棬ûͨǿչ·̤ľһҶ㷡
գˡ
Ҷ㣬þòˣЦЦͬõĹˣк
ȷܾòˣΪǿչ·Ͼˣû뵽ϲţҶЦ
沢ŭЦûҪծˣ
飡
Ȼһɿֲƣͬը񻨣¡һ£֮͵عʱҡΣ
ǰһݺݵѹ˹
֮ϣѹѹһƬڸ⣬ݺݵ˵һҶֻо
صΪ
ȻһԾ֮벻
ʲô
٣棬ûлҳ֣գ֣ҲֻǸɦѣһսս
ҶЦձһȭ޸֮·ȻֲĹȦֲͬŵ񻨣ɢȥ
꣡
һ𣬺ȻѣǿֲĹȻѣ
˵߹
ҶЦһشԲ֮ʮ˱սȭӰɽȭ棬ǧȭУȻҡΣ
ԣ
ֻоһϣǼΪֲϢֱҪ˺鿪
ҪܣҪȦӡ
ǣһԵ̫ˣ
ֻ˵Ҷٶʵ̫ˣ
ôڶ̶Ĺӵ˿ֲΪɭȻսܣҲţ
Ъ˹أǾŭ
߶طʩչѧȦȭӰƾǣһȫ˺鿪ֽͬһ˺÷顣

Ѫؿ֮ϣһֲֻӡҫӡϣʴ֮Ч

ĲҺĿзζ벻ԼﱸıƣȻӲƴʵ֮ϣˣ
Ұܵ˳ף
ԽսҶмֱǼҳ㷹꣬Ȼӵ˿ֲΪ;ľս
㲻ɱңɱҡڣ˫ۻ裬ͬһѪ°ĭŲɱ
Ҽ׼ң׼ҵūͣɱңǴ׼ҵ׼̫žŴ֮һԲǵģʶĻͷſң
ζ벻ҶǰȻһ죬ԼūݣΪԼѡ
׼ң٣
ҶǵЦŨ
ʥͬɽһ㣬ȴƨǣҶȻһЦžһƣԴ
棬½֮ϻԻʼ棬Ȼһ
ɲǣһֻҶĿһС
ǰȻһǰƷĲƬȻɲͨİƷǴ˵һĲƬ
鱦ĲƬ
뷨ȣ
Ǻ뷨ڵ֮ʧھȻĻҵȾϲ
תͼˣҶ΢΢һƲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҹɫ룬ӥѾع鳲Ѩԭϵҹ¶ˮ䣬ɪɪ

ָҶ㣬ߣվŰֵİ
һĺ⣬Ȼ⺮ǴӰֻоɪɪ򶼱ųˡ
ӣֱֲ̫ˡ
վס
ȻһȴӺ𣬰ɭĹâһ˫ѪӣҶ㡣
󣬸Ŷʮ֮ϵһֱֳĿɭȻȻȻǾѵľˡ
ôҶ΢΢תһš
٣㵹ǹ˶¡ЦһīɽˮǮǴģ
һʣҶüͷһ壬ȻӰֵɲǣϳˡ
Ȼʮ֮ǰܲǰĶ֣ʮ֮Ľ죬شԲ֮ѵһ
棬õӡ
ȻնɱڰɱоԲ
ҶǷһ˿ɭЦݣҪ֣͹Ӱɡ
Ȼ֪ЩǮǴĦλ棬ģҶתһ˫ӣֲĹԣֱӿ򰢸
ֻоһɾֵϢһ
㣡һϣԪ緢Ҷķ飬ĵĪǲ֪ʲôˣȻ͵Ħλʯ㵱ĳ˱ӵ
ʲôҲ֪ǸСѣҶǷһ˿Ц
ããҶٶ֣
ɫһƬɷף޲ָ̳ɵҶ㡣



߰ʮ 
¡
һȭҡΣƺը鿪һ㣬ҶͰͬʱһ
ǰȭ⣬֮дź˼ʱܱŷ˼£ǵȭʱ򣬿»Ե
꣡꣡
벻ǣȭȥʱѪȾ񷡣
˿̣˶סˡ
ǸеһɭǵĻ飬ղŻģڣȻи˲ӣѪ䣬ǵ壬Ӳڰա
Ȼһ˲䣬ɱˡ
ٶʵ̫ˣ
ʮ󣬾Ȼһ㣬Ѫ۳СȾƬݵء
ɫ˲øѿ
㣬ٶôܡɴ۾ǰһĻȻһ룬ǵȻôࡣ
ûʲôܵģɱǲյϢѣҶЦ֮ɫŨ
ɲǣȻٶ֮죬ױȣȻҶĳһƣȻΧ
һ̣⽣ӰѪŽ
һһѪ䣬һһѪ֮Уգۣʮȫˣ
ĺܲң
һˣ
˶ʮˣſҶһϸĽ˸ڤâѪ֮ʮֲֿ
ģϾͻǵģҶȻЦЦݣֱǵ߳Ķħ
ŭҶ㣬һĨɫҶٶҲҪͬھ
ôĿͬھ㻹񣡡ҶЦȻ޸֮·˸ɭȻĹâȻȥ
رһͨ·ӳգɲǣյøҰס
ֻоһȻ޸֮·֮ϣɲǣоԼľԪ񱻳ɣ
޸֮·ɣ
㲻һֻ΢ϣҶǷ𵭵ЦͬСһİЦ֮ɫ
صİζ벻ԼȻһشԲļһ裬վ޸֮·ϣûһ㷴أ
޵УҪ죡гһƬƬ޸֮·ʱ˲ҶĿһ١
ƷĲƬ
ôܣرôܳ
ˣ
һ죬޸֮·ƺҪǿһ㡣
٣ūҲоĲƬɣҶһһ£ƻצ¡һ˺˰ķݺݵץ
⣡壡
ɫ˲ʮѿͷϣҶƣȻɱҪƬ
꣡꣡
ȻͬһѿѪɽͷ顣
֣
Ҷŭһצֱץ򰢸ֻһǾƷΪֵһУһ̣ƬƬһӱҶץС
ȥɣҶȻ¶Щŭ¡һȭֱ˰

ĲҺڶǱյ֮Ļ棬סȼա
ҶתȥȻ뿪Ƭԭ֮ϣµĲҺ
ɣ£һӰڼԶ˰ǰһĻ¶֮ɫ
ƣ׼ҵųϣҪҶ㣬õīɽˮߡ
ǣһоԼشˣҶ㾿ʲôˣôնɱһλ󣬼ֱ̫ˡ
Уȼʲô
ôܷյһ󣬰꣬ҶȥɲǣĲҽȻֹһ飬ֻһҽ紵ɢ
ǻ¯֮ʮְԵ
Ҷа档
Ĵ԰Ϊ
ţһ⣬ͽɷա
Ҷٶ֣ҲҪ˰ɣҶȻһЦսʱѾܵмȻ͵ġ
Ҷ⣬ֶΣնɱǰĳ֣һģ˭ҪҪһˡ
ģɳǡ
оǲԶͿԵˣҪΰ˵ɳŶʮʯ󣬿˵֮УǰéĴڡ
ҶеĿģһ¡
뷨ȣžͰѹڷ֮С
Զ֮ʱɳһҪսǷһٶɮˣս߶֮顣
뷨£ȫ֮ռ뷨ȣ֮
ǣ֪ʲôԭ򣬺뷨䣬ը鿪ǴţǺ뷨ȻعǷ֮У档
£שߣľȻ
߽ȥʱȴĿ꣬սĽǽϣѪա
ƿһƬǽ壬ĻҳҲ֪ûˡ
Ƶܣɢһء
Ȼ˵һȱ϶Ϊ֮ʥأȴûԸƻĺۼ飬ȻҪۿȴûƻƬֵķʡ
ʣҶڴķڣһĨľ⡣
Ȼ
ʱľ
Ǻ뷨ȾȻͷ
ҶĿһѾ˵ȣѾնϣܶಿλȴȻվ
ƺڹŷǰܡ
֣Ҫ뷨ץУһֱ޹
תͼʶ﷭ͷ˻Բ۾еĹâƺҪڿն𣬽Ǻ뷨ץУɡ
а취Ҷ㿴žתͼ
ץס뷨ȣܰǧƬ룬ʱа취ɵתͼĵ
۾ѾˣһѵĻᡣ
Ҹû취ҶĿɨȴҲܹȵķ
𷨣Ѫתͼ˵ĸ֣ҶȻ򣬷𷨺Ѫ
Ҷӷ˳ȥ˸ž⣬ڼ㣬Ƿֵá
𷨣뷨£ȡ𾭣ϰ𷨣ȻҶ㲻Ҫϰ𾭣Ŀǰûе뷨µ
ѪǾ׵öˣնɱǿߣħѪȣγò
Ҷ׵ʧ𾭡
ţʮɢ֮Уһʮ֮ͨأ̤֮
𾭣ʮ֮һ
Ҫ֪뷨ڴ֮ã׷ȥɵ̫ţֵʱ򣬺뷨ڵѾˣ֮죬ʱ֮õһ𾭣
Ժ󣬲з
𾭣ʮ֮һ
Ҫϰ𷨣ɣͷ𾭣һɽɡ
ԴˣҶȻޱȣǣʮô͵ġ
Ҫõȣͱһ·
ѪУҶ㿴תͼ
Ѫ
Ƭ֮ϣôҶǸ߸ϵļһȻתͼмһˣҶ㲻С
֮ŭһָͷԻ
뷨ڣǶ֮һɽͺ뷨ڣԸһɡ
ΪӵзȻսʧǷĸԴԣ뷨ڵĽھһɽ֮С
ɽع£뷨ڱ档
ÿʮ壬к뷨ڵĴʦ̳
һ죬һСͽ̳
ĺΪƣ֮֮֮
СýζҪΪʦ



߰ʮ 
ҶСں뷨ɽ󣬾ȻҪƴʦΪʦԾܾ
ǿ͵ܲУǻȥΪһλؾĵӣǾˡ
ܿϧһδ룬ʧܸա
ٴζ۵ݽһκ뷨ڡ
뷨ڣԺǽһɻֺ֮С
Ⲣ׵ķ£һţǡ糿ŵ䳡ϽܽϰŵӣͲһССܿˡ
ʮʮ߲ˣõڶˣԣѾŷʦ¼ȡˣΪר˹
Ϊʽİ˹֮󣬿ԾסԺ֮ڣֻȨ޽һԺӡ
Ҷ㲢ûŪԼϾ뷨£ǿ߶繷ĵطһСй¶вأĲõһУˡ
ԺŵĺͨҶĹ۲죬ŵӣΪߵĲ֮˵ֻ̤أܳΪųϡ
Ҫ󣬿ɱһŸ߳ܶࡣ
ں뷨ڵŵӣ࣬ǾӢеľӢ֮֮ϵÿһλܶһ档
ڲؾҲԺ𾭣ҪС
Ҷо˸Ҫľͻƣ֮һ߻ᣡ
Ųؾ󣬶һЩ򵥵ķ𷨣ҶУûܹ֣ΪؾĲ
𾭣ֻһ֮󣬾ͿϾ𾭵ԵʮǳʮҪ
𾭽Уµ˸ǰ
ľĶҶоľһ̣˲
ӣɻؾ֮У顣
峿ģҶϾʱ䣬Ҳ죬Ŀ𾭣һƼ򵥣ʵ̺Ŵľ
⼸糿һβŮ飬һλݹһˮ
뷨ڣȻǺУȴȢӣͬ׺һ㣬νĲǽ֣뷨ڣţĿԣǲġ
Ů崿ɰÿ춼
ӴǣСҲڿ飿һ۵꣬ҶеϴŰЦݡ
ҶĿһ٣ӡ
Ŀ֮£Ϊ߹ѡ
Ҳ߹ȥѾŤͷߡ
٣ƢǲЦһʾ⹷ӰҶס
СӣȻϵĹŮ٣ǳıӵ߹ĵҸ㣬Զ㣬Բ˶ߣ
Ҷ㵭ĿһۣҲͷҲҡͷֱӾˡ
ߣҲң֣ȥҴȣЦһ
ס֣
һȣǸβŮ˹̫ͬһ㣬һƵ˹ŭ߾Ȼ۸һͨˣҪҪƤˣСȥʦ
һϣͷУȴһĨɭ⡣
ŮӶҶȰҪҶȥ
Ҷҡͷܾ˵һллתߡ
ǺǣΪưأŮͬһЦ
ҶŮĴѬ죬ŪҶ㳹׷硣
Ǹ꣬ڻһ߹´θһѵ͹ˡ
ϣڲؾ֮С
һ죬һâͬһ㣬ת֮ڣǾеİ壬һ̣ڻͨ
Ҷܵڣƺྭģɲǣ磬ʼ
â˸
شԲ֮֮ȥ
꣡꣡
Ʒıʼѿ˺֮ǰ
壬տˮһ˵һתȴַȻһѷ졣
˿̵Ҷ㣬̤֮
٣֮ԭҶо˸磬ҲȻ塣
Ȼû취ԽɱˣɵǣҲһƴ֮
Ȼص󣬼һָͷնɱǡ
Ҷ㷸ǣսѾǳˣ޷ս޷սҩİսûа취
ս޷ľȥսЭҲۿۡ
սΪĿǰ֮ء
٣СӣȻҺϴŮˣȥɣǰһĹ֮һһ⵶ϢߵҶĴǰ
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Ϊסķ䶼Ǽסһģλ߽ҶָⵯһĩЩ˯ø졣
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ҶȻ֪ʲô֣ǹƾϢҵѡ
϶ѣҶ˵Ȥûֱӣɱùӵĵɱ꣬򷢶̣ùӳΪ׳ա
ڶ죬Ĺ³Ϊǲ෹Цϡ
һ糿βŮٴγҶߣҶȻһ˼ɻԱߵ΢紵𣬻ֱ졣
ιʲô֣βŮҶ㣬ʵ
Ҷľͷɫ
ιư컹˵أ
ιô˵
βŮҶ㣬ȫûа취ˣҶԱߣĿ飬Ҳ֪ʲô
ѰɣҽССβŮٴοҶ㡣
ҶҡҡͷҲһۣôܺСأ
ʲôأүүҲǺ뷨ڵۣΪ뷨ڵĳϣҲгһ죡ССЩĵ
㻹С֪·ѣˣ㻹ǵȥɣҶҡͷЦЦõĲ񣬾飬Ҫ뿪
СˣҽѾʮˣССһδĻ䣬аδӵõ㽡
Ҷصڲͣҡͷ
ϲֶεĻССӴ뷨ڵĸ߲㣬ǣҶ㲢ˣĺԵֻǵˡ
ţһᣬǾܹܵλãͿԳˡ
ȻΧԺ
պܹȥһµܹܣҶ㡣
вҶֽţΪµܹܡ
ţһ磬棬ûŵЩӣר־ӵиԵɽֻаʢʱ򣬲Żۼһ𣬱䡣
ۿţʢ佫ҶͨĿ죬ڰʢʱ֡
뷨ڣȻǿ󣬵һ벻˵֮ˣҪ͵𾭡
ιҶþûп˰ССٴγҶǰ
ҪаʢˣҶ㲻֪ССΪʲô
ôܲүүųϣССԺĵ֪һİʢ䣬¡ˣ̫ϳ϶ܲμӣ
̫ϳϿ֮ʮǿ˵뷨ܹλǿߵĹ̫ϳһֱ֮ǿУնɱħһսҲû˸λ뷨ˣ
Ҷüͷһ壬̫ϳϳ棬л͵
ҪʲôȥιҺò׿㡭ֲ֣ҸʲôССҶ㼱ҴȥıӰõĺߺߵ



߰ʮ 
𾭣ʮ֮һ
뷨ڵţһλʮ֮󣬴Ҫչأ̤֮ʱҲҪж֮λΪһλ̫ϳϡ
𾭣С
Ҷ㾭µ̽飬֪ų궼׶չأ߾ǽؾȺ飬żȥµ¡
Ҷ²⣬Ƿ𾭣׶֮С
ʢһ죬Ŵӣڹ㳡Ͼб̫ϳϣһλʮˡ
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ĪһʯҶĿ貣޸֮·ͨһͨ·
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˷һҽУشԲΪҶǰȻһжӲסֲĻϯ˲ҡҡ׹˵壬Ѿơ
޷ѣû취
㲻˵˼ɵ㲻ҲһֻɵϣȻɵмֵΪҵõһƬ½ǣҶ㳰Ļ˺һϣ۵һһѪ

ǱҶѪҺ
ǽͶĵӣȻɱң֣֣ŭӿĴţͻȻһϣһϨ𣬿УֻʣһŻҽ紵ɢˡ
Ͷʲô뷨ڵҴ򣬺һССĵӣҶ¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
Ƭԭ֮ϣһʯϢѾˣ̫ˡ
ÿһʯ֮Уõһر֮ȴĪıɱˡ
̶죬ͶĵӣѾʧϰλҲ˵ʯдһٶرȫʧˡ
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ڰ䲻֣սȻ̶գնɱ˲¶λأشԲս֮С
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𣿡ҶǷ𵭵Цֱסȥ·
ҹµļһԴ΢΢̧һĨĹԡ
Ҫңһư׳յ⡣
ص󣬽һΪҵĶ֣ҹµļһǷһ˿ЦҶ㣬ĵĪûŵһĻǸҲһشԲ󣬵ǰһжӲסǽߣɱͬ׼һ򵥣
ķϻôܹ࣬ɱʮˣҶͬҪһٱһǧһ򱶣
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飡
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Ѫ׷ɣʧߵѪͬһ㣬׷ö䡣
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ǸŬϽˣԵҲҪԵ
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λԴʦԴʦʦү
һâҫۣ׼۾Ȼһʯ
ڣ
ڣ

۸ҡǮ˭ҪõֻҪ֪ʲôر
գ۸񱻺̧˶ʮڵĸ߼ۣҶ㶼е죬һ㵸ļһ׼ҵһ״ӣҲһλϵӣλͣԲжʮڵʲҡǮӡ
ҶУһ֡
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Ʒһ飬һã֮飬ļƷһöҩͻưؾĵҩʮڵļ۸
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У
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䳡
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οѡ¥εͨ󣬶ûмȫرһСС󣬻жͣʹ˷أ
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񹬣ԫϱڡ
µʴ񹬣Ѿòˡ
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ҶһĨâ
ͶϢųҲС˼ϾԼԼŵʧֲΪҪǣͶѾˣ˭ܵõν
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ۿɱʦ֣ٷ֮һʯˣҶһŰµˣо˸Ҷĺ󱳡
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Уһϸ΢ڹ⣬˸ͣ
Ҷ㶨˶񣬺Ȼ֣ͬľһĶƺͽĹ

ʳ˹ѾãǵҶڣǸóԶࡣ
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ټˣҶĿֲ龰һĹ¾ǷҲǼΪֲĹء
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ɲǣ𣬱ŰƬ񷣬ҡΣ׼һȫ飬Ȼ绹ûн
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һҽУȻѿѪ׷ɣ׷õĽ䣬Ҷȫˣȫ벻Ĺ˵ΪȻ˿ֲ
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һᣬĹ˿˻һۣںˡ
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ջʸʾҶʧ˵֮УģȻתһû߹ĵ··ϣϱڲԫʮ
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ȻҶ㷢һŹâȻһһŵ
ǡ񡭡ʿҶ棬ó˶Ϣã֮ɫ
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Ҷе죬ĻڿһЦ
ͻȻ뵽˻ʵѣһĨ⣬Ԫ뱦֮ϵʱ򣬱ų貵Ĺԡ
񹬶ʼƺʲôˡ
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Ҷ˷ܵĵǣȴûһŲȥǲͣĺˡ
Ϊеʱ򣬱âӵһ
ͶĶˣһλʮƿնһŲڴ֮ϣʱĹЦ
Ҷ㣬ҲΪʶȤûȻǣΪĹ˵Ĺϵ򣬽Ͷĺ֮ˣôܷŹ
Ȼߵͷʱӳģȴһ̶Ͷסˣɫеѿ
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СӣȻˣң٣Ǿ㳢ˮζͶһĨ⡣
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ĵͷԲøȥ¸Ա
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ԪתƣҪĹʵ̫ˣ͸ңٸһߺʵ壬ôߵôߣȻҶ塣
Ҷǻ챻ըˡ
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ߣͷʵȻҵı壬٣ŰɣͻƵɲǣȻնɱ㣡Ҷŭӿ
׷ɱһҲ֪Լߵ
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ԣƾպһȭֲϢ͵תƺҪը鿪һ㡣
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Ƿ𵭵ЦˣЩ鶼ҪģҪľǰԼ֮ڣҸ㣬ֻҪܹɵһպǰ;ﵽҵľ磬˿⣡
һĨâ
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ϽҡͷȻ֪ɽпǣΪ˼壬ΪԼδƴһѣ
οԱߣɹļҲ
뵽ᶨĵͷ棬ʼɣѾ׼ˣ
ããҲӣĹЦ



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ãǲҵķҲд⣡ҶĴЦҶҶħǿٵأ˰



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þԪ̽飬ȴȵķ֣鲻ᣬҲʲôγ֭
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һ̵Ľ⣬˺ؿڡ
ɲǱһܴ̳Ѫģֻ֮ǿߣ˺ǣҶ߶תͼ򣬲һѪ
һ£֤ҶӮˣ
ھ֮ȷûĶ֣
ĻǴ󻰣
ССһ󣬾ȻҴҵһĹ㣡ȻǰٹȣȻһȭݺݵ˹
Ҷͫ͵һȥ
ǣһȭ֮󣬷Χ֮㣬ܹܵÿġ
ࣣ
һɿֲľȻϮҶֻо쫷ɢڵķΧ֮ڣ˶ݵƽ
ס֣ԪԳˣƣͬǯһס˺֣֨֨ƺҪı۰жһ㡣
ѵҪƻ治ɣ
仰úһϣȷͷҶ㣬Ϊ棬ڣĶ֮ΪɱҶ㣬ôͲܿƵסˡ
Сӣʲô֣



߰ʮ 
Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㵭ĵ˺һۣȻһλٹΣ
ֻҪʱ䣬ͻ֮գָտɴ
ãããҶ㣡ҺסˣһĨֲĹԡ
ȻѾ͸ˡ
ĪҪ˸棬һҿɲʲôԪһֻоһϣ޹
ɫ뿪ˡ
Ҷ㣬ãúãԪԶҶЦ
ҶǷһ˿Цݣͷʾл
ˣ䳡뿪ɣԽӼģԪͻȻһЦ
ҶĪůƺԪǹġ
Ϊʲô
;еôʲôϵ
Ī˴
ҶҡҡͷԪԵĺ棬뿪䳡
Ҷ㣬˺պҪСģֻҪھ֮Уû˸Ҷ֣ǣ˾ǾҪԼСˣ
ԪԶҶ
лҶٴαʾл
סھôܡ
ڵ˺ʲô
Ŷܵһ
ծ಻ѹҶһ㶼
صסҶһĨĹâشԲϾҪʼ
޵ʱ֮ڣ֮
ֻҪﵽʮľ磬аգԽɱˣɵ
ʱ˵ʲôǻЦġ
Ҫʯ
ֻҪʯιڤڤͻͻƣаĺƪҶܽаĶ磬ҡϡ
ס죬һգʹͻȻţҶң
νңһĿռ䡣
ȴһǳ·һУԣеˣһ̤ң֮ķɣȻòͻƵƿ
ˣҲ˽Ӵ˵ĺõط
ҶңʱҶͻȻȻĶĸо
⣬ƺѪ
ƺǾͥӣصĸоֽҪ˵ȻĶ
Ҷ㲻֪ΪΣָо
ģĳ鴤
ǣһУôôͻأĳ֣ôôʵкʵʵĳ֡
Ǿյأ֮С
ôʲôˣ
ˣѾҶҶħߣúˡ
һжôİ
ôܳˣ
ܣ
ţҲš
ǣң֮Уָоǿҡ
ôָо
ڲ֪롣
ȻҪ
ҶһΣȻĸо

ôµĴʻ㣬ȴҶĶвͣĻص˳ȥ
뿪
ɽҶһ߹ˣѵһѵɱңҶʹҧҶ㣬صҶ㣬ôܱһ۴ܣҪȥǰǵһ£һ̤ȥƽ
ҶһǰֲĹԡ
һ貵Ĺâģ
ȻҶеĸоԽԽǿҡ
ϡܿһӵˣ˫磬Ȼ΢΢
Ǹ
˫Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪʱָо
죬ţ
ӰԽ
˫磬ҲԽ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㿴ĳ࣬ȴɲ
ʱƵʮǰ
һߴӰ˫Ŀ磬Ǵ˿ȴ飬һСЦŪС
ȻСʱøԺҲûб
Свη壬Ըٿ
ȻС꣬һս֮Ҳûл
Сļ䣬Լĸף
ĸÿζᰵᣬֱתûټףĽ㣬ûС
Ȼ죬ȻĶּ¶ĵ׵׽Ȼü
Ӱת˹
ˮϡ
ĸüȼҶʱ򣬲ں֣˳ḧҶա

һĺҶ彩סˡ
ƺصһʮ֮ǰ׵
ǵģǸ׵
ǵġ
ǹ˶ͷȻǡ
ף
ҶҲü뷨һ̵õ֤ʵ
û
еһУ˵ͨˡ
̨׾ĺ̨
ףһֱڿһֱڹذ
һˣиףĸף㣬ǣǣ
⣬ļҡ
ӵ۵ˮ
Ҷ㣬ΪⱲӶûлټˣҶ죬Ҳһ죬ʵıŶӡ
㣬ĸף㣬ǣ𣿡Ҷʵ
£Ҷһж˸ףͬʱѶϢݸҶ㣬Ҷħٽĸ׺ͽ
ȴҶܾˡ
ˮͲҪĸ׺ͽˣĺܺãĸײʺһ;Ľ㣬Ȼǿһ;ɲǽǿͿԳɹ˼ֻķǳãնǵĴӳ֮£õĹޣģǸ԰ɣ
ҶĵͷȻҶһУʮ㡣
ףĸ׵̫ºˣʺϲп磬ÿҶΪΪԪںͺһ𣬺Ҹ
ҶֽԼĺǣ˵
Ҷ忪ʼеȲһԼǡ
ѪĸоԶ޷Ĩɱ
ããҶˣҶȻҲǶİΡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡеһУҶ֪Ƭ̣Ҷ쿴ֹӣ˵
Ҷ΢΢һ֪
ô֪ģ
һȥɣ
ҶĻֱ׹
Ҷʧɫô֪Щ
ܣĸ׺ͽ㶼֪ô֪ģ
꣬˵ʱʮźһ֣˵ͲȥԣҺķصΪٻĻʶٿǬ½תʱ䣬ʱƻʮ֮
ԣҶʧɫ
һУȻǸΪģ
ȴʲô֪
ĬĬ֮УΪ֮ࡣ
ôٶأҶڴĿŸס
Ҷһ㶣Ȼʵʲôٶô֪
Ҷһɣԭֻȴ֪Ƿٶյ㵽ʲô
ܹ֮йʮ
ò˵ʮֲֿ
Ҷ㶼𾪣ٶ̫ŵĹʮҲ̫ŵĹٶȻʮҪֲ֡
һˣҶޱȡ
㣬㡭
ҵ˭ɣѾˣΪʲôȴֻ˰ɣҶһЦҶ˵ˡ
ұսʼ棡
Ҷȫˣսʼ棡
ǲ֮ҪĴ
˿̣Ҷ֪ˣʣ
ԼĸףǳԽĴڣһλ۲۵ʡ
̤֮УУ̸ֱپ
𾪰ɣҵʱ̫һսУˣΪˣҿ˾Ȭãʷ棬̫һˣһΣҽ֮Уͼӿ׷ɱ
ҵǣһαסˣ룬ھһԪȻȥԶŽ٣һΣҷǵûбܿ˵ļأҲòҵ壬껯Ϊǧ뷲䣬ԶڹȥҽϹţһθ֮Уս죬ѹʹҲò׹ֻء
ųΪҶҵһӣĸ׳ף㣬ֻϧҵʵ̫ˣһս䣬ǹ¶ĸǸʱΪˣ֮ҵļˣص˾Ҳݾʱ䷨չ֮Уչһ꣬ȴ˶ʮ꣬ǱһĻ
Ҷһ£ҲʣԸ⿴ӣŮȫ䣬ԣҲϧôʱ䷨ıĸ׺ˣˣҵĺúӣ
ץҶ֣˷ܵĵ
ϲ
ʵ̫˷ˣ̫ˣڼԼĶӣеļ֪
ԭҶȻĵ
׵ľʵ̫˼ȻӲ˼ȴľ
ô游ҶͻȻס
ҶȴҡҡͷҾѼʱǵ궼ѾɢȥˣٴˣԣŬҲûˡ
ףһҪ㣿Ҷ㿴ŸףͻȻ
ģʼ
Ҷһ㶣Цŵͷ
ҲЦݣһһ졣
һ·𣿡ҶĿ⾼ĿҶ졣
԰־ͣٴѣһ߹ǣ׵ֻ̿֡
ףпվʱ
ôģܾͻһ˲顣
Ҷһ㶣Ц
ʵ̫ˣҶĶӣս崿ѪͳĴˣһ·ͬһڣô˰㣡ΣգΣͷ֮ʱԱߣҲְ㣬ˣΪҲ֣
ܶϣһ;Զ߲ͷ
Ҷɫ
ϡ
˵ߣߵģҲ˭ߵġ
ûһżᶨģ綼·ϵ㡣
ɹǿ˵ġ
ҶȻһظЦˣϣģףҲ㶪ģ
ЩʯʯͿЩ뿪ɣҶͻȻ
óʯʯֵɲǣڤա
ҶУľâ
аĺƪ˲ľˮǴߡ
ĽȻ򿪣ľ磬ͬǵˮȻ
ɲǣҶбֲĹԡ
ԪȻ
شԲ֮
Ȼһ̴ﵽ
Ҷ˵ͻƣ
ããȻΪҶһЦҲ뿪ˣʺ㣡
Ҷһ㶣뿪
ΪʲôҪ뿪Ǹ׵ĵ̣ΪʲôҪߣ
׵ɫкܴѶȡ
ҲἱŸҶߡ
Ӹ׵ϣܿҶİԲҶ뿪
ףô£ӳˣҲܹ游׷ֵˣҶĻҶ޴Ӿܾ
գ̾һðɣҾ͸˵˵ɡ
ȻңֻϹ֮ǰһ޶ˣΪƶʱ䷨ʧصΪʹͻƶ֮һȻңΪһ׷˽ŲʹҵĵλƮҡ
һ£ȫģһһ֮ҪԸңҲô򵥵ġԣ㲻Ϊҵġ
Ҷ֪øɡ
Ӻ̬Ⱦܿƺں͸ԣǣ޿κΡ
ףİɣǺңͽҰɣҶֲĹԡ
һ
٣Ҳ֮ڲĶ֣ǣQ꣬ҳ֮ʱ򣬱Ȼ᳹׻ٵң
ҶĹԣһжʱ⡣
һ֪ݣȻȥԸ㣬ԣӦþ뿪ˣ
ҶƺеҪĸ׺ͽ㣬ԼĶϱˡ
ףµʱ䣬ܺݺݴҵʱԸһҶУһĨƽĹâ
ƽ֮Уſֲɱ⡣
Ҫģ
Ҫ򣬶һҪݺݵĴ



߰ʮ ս
ڤͻƣаѾɹ
ʮ֮Уɹ˷𾭺аǰõ쾭ò˵һ־ˣļ
ͬٶȣ˿Ѿɹͻ˾شԲ֮ʮֻ֮һ֮ң
ʮ֮ϣ֮
Ҷڿͷ֮УȻ͸ϣǣЩǰ飬ʱûᵽҴɽ֮ǰҪ͡
ڰᵽңҶԶӡ
֮ҶĹâھȫ֧֮£Ҷھʮ֮һ֮ң
֮ɲô򵥾Ͳȹȥġ
ϼѡ
ǰǾأ̤룡һ꣬ĵ
ҶĿ΢΢һνأй¶һ˿Ҷ㶼еϢߵȴˡ
أ˳ǷӡʲôҺҪҶԤУԤк׼
ѾǵһԤˡ
ͨһ𣿡Ҷ㳢ź򽻵
ȻԷȴľܾ
òת뿪Ȼȴڲ֮һϤӰǽ֮С
Ȼ˵˼仰ֺĽǽ֮С
ҶȻ֪ǽʲôΨһȷǣǽغͺҹϵǳ
ҪǽظʲôҶĿһ̧ƺأﶼ
ҵĶҶεĵ
Ķ˵ĪǡҶɫһ䣬ʹҡͷǵطܽȥ𿴺͵͵ܽȥ㣬У
Ӹ̬Ҷ㼸ȷȻͻƵķֻǷƺ£ԼδΪ
ںȻһʱͷȴδػкý֡
ˣǵط⣬ͲҪˣͻƣҿؿռ֮УʱŰٱ֮Ϳӵ㹻ʱˣҶƺԶӣϽ͵
Ҷҡҡͷ磬ƾޣѾ;ˡ

ܷҡϣ̤ʮ֮Ŷ磬̤֮
κ˵Ǽġ
ô˵ɣǽ֮Уӡһֻܣо綾ȴѹڴż֮У綾Ȼȫ⡣򲻵֮£ҲŻһ֮ѪͻƵǰľ硣
ܵѪ˱񫣬õԽԽ࣬ȻٶȿߣԽ֮ѪԽǿһû֮ѪͻԱԣֺܲң
Ҷ˶٣꣬ٶȼ죬ΪǵС̾Լ֪˭֪һδأұȫȻ֪ˡֻٶԽԽ죬Ҳܿ
Ǻҵĵӣ˵һϧǺҵĵϵԣ֮ѪΪԽԽǿڰɱȻᱬġ
Ҷ쿴Ҷһۣң˲ˣÿȡѪҪߴ֮Ѫ
׵˼ǣѾкܶ˶ַҶʧɫȴû뵽֮䣬Ѿһ֡
ˣǽأ㲻ҪȥǣҪͻƣһöصһֵصĿޣͻʮ֮кѣҶ򿪽Уһöɫĵҩͬţ۴С
ؿޣҶĹâ
ȷصĿޣκ˵ǼΪҪġ
ǡ
Űɣ׸ģѵҪƴǲɣҶ첻ķԣֱҶС
Ҷ۽ʪ֪һǸõĵҩȴ͸һš
صҩһģһ㵤ҩܹᲢ۵ģ
ˣЩɣڼˣѾȲˣҶһУ͡
ڣܳκ©ңܰѼ˽ȫĵط
ڷصܹ֮ͻʮ֮ǳɲ޾ҪҪƴɱڣ߳ȥΪ֮Ŭƴɱ
Ҷľâ
֮ɲŸɵţܵõġ
ص֮ҶԸͻʮ֮ʮأ˵ĸߵ㣬ҪȥҪиŬ
Ϣ˳
Ҷ죬û֪
һˣҶǷ𵭵Цݣɱ¾ͻƵΨһ;
ʮڣ̫žŴ塣
Ŀꡣ
ĿǰͰ˴ţĴԹԹȴҪѪϴˢ
ڣڿ
ڣʮڵĿףһӦ
ڣΪҶ飬Ѿͷöˡ
Ϊ֮ǰҶϮ˽ͶѪϴ˽Ͷ
̫ͨΪҶеɱʮ֮µֻһ³Ǿ
ţͶˡ
Ҫ֪Ͷһλʮ
ȻҶˣĶ죬֣ͶҪˡ
ħôôȻͻʮ֮սͨ˽ͶնȥĴУʵ̫ˣ
ҵȰڣĴ壬Ǻž޴ԹģħرԸǲܷŹǵģͶõӣ
٣һ˶ѣѵɱɣƾתͼѣû˾תͼļӳ֣һϣܹѣ
˵ɽɽ
ɽɽ˫֮У֮ɫȻҶ
ȷҶйǰƣ˵նɱйЩƾתͼ
ڣ˵Ҷƾʵشû˻ţ˽Ͷš
嵺
֮ϣסȺǶܵıӣɵʮ֮һ嵺
һ죬һͻأӰ
Ȼֱնɱɽˣš
ֱɱ嵺ĵһ̣ȻҶһָͷɱˣΪһλʮ
ܿϧˡ
ػŵĳϣԳˡ
ǣջǱҶˡ
Ըһ´࣬ϻɱҶ㣬ôҶͱˡ
ʲô嵺Ҳˣѵ嵺˲ɣȻǸСӼһˣ
˭ûټںذɣһѣҶСӾĺѿ
𣿲񡭡ҲһʮҶܹͶˣѵ²һʮ
ѵΪⱲӶͻˣܵģ˵Ӻ߳ͻͻ˰ٹˣ
ܻ֪ɣҶѪϴ˽ͶͰ嵺̫ر£ľתͼҪˣҪ֪ǾתͼܹԿĴڰĸˣЩֵ˵ģ
ߣʿԼ磡˵ȴǾڵǸ첻µزµҼҴҵ˿Ҷӣϴ١
ȷҶ㲻Ҳһˣ´֣ҵ֣ʲôֵأĻһС󣡡
ɽɽҲ˵ˣһԵĺ뷨һĮ֮ɫ·˺뷨ںҶ֮ĶԹ
һ죬Ȼƽ
Ϊ޼ħ֮ǰһɫӰӳˡ
ɱ¾ʹߣ̫һս䡣
һɱһĴڣ߽ɽţɱΪ
ħţ٣һȣ˲֪ʲôŽħ
Ҷ㣬ǵ֮ħ
޼ħŵҶɱһֲ
֮ǰھڵǰºڣҶߵ޼ħţȻᱻնɱ
ȻҶʱ򣬾Ȼɱһֲ
ΪҶû֮ǰȽ޼ħžס̫顣
Դ֮ȱһ̫
޼ħŵѾˣֻϧǺҶȣǲ̫ˡ
תͼת޼ħŸˣ
ȻҶջ֮󣬼ֱ
Ҷ֪һ޴ŵĵ̣ƿֲ
ܹõġ
õֱرͼֹ򣬺ʯ
õʮֱر˵Ƿ
ңʮֱر֣ƺƴƣȣΪֲһֵܹסġ
һεĶڶˣǻ࿴Ȼ֣Ҷһǳµˡ
һƺܹصĴڡ
ôܽ˽Ͷ嵺޼ħţһǳֲĴڣĺ
ر
ǹˣӣҶһһһسӡ
ӽͶ嵺޼ħŵܿһҶҪֵģ¾Ǵˣ
һ죬ϴһгӰӳˣҫ۵̫Ƿһ˿Ц
꣬Ҳڴ̫׷ɱΪҲͻƹ
֮ⴿ̫»е;
ԣڴ̫һߣ죬ڵõҪõĶ
һ죬վڴ̫֮ϣ֮ǰ
飡飡飡
ţߵˡ
˭
Ҷֱ߽ȥ洫׷ȻȴҶһȭ÷飬壬Ȼһ̣ȫ鿪Ѫը飬ʮֲֿ
һ·߹ȥ˭סĵ·ֻ·һ
һ̣Ƿһ˿Ц
Ҷˣ
ģȴ׹
Ҷˣ
ŵҶ㣬Ļˡ
ֱͬħһڣǵĶֲ˼£ȻٴνˣĿ߲꣬ơ
վǷ𼥷Цݡ
ŵ˹ɫЩѿ
Ҷ㣬һɷǣ
֪֮УӡֱرԹԵĽң˵һŹ㴿ţȵȣˣҼǵң֪ûУ
ҶǣЦ֮ɫ
ˣ̫ˣֱͬɳû취
ǣֱرţûĻᡣ
һҶĳ֣ôⴿţҪΪһƬ档
ֻоһϣɫѿ֮ϾҶʵ̫ˣȻһ
ʮأֻʮôôֲһâʲôΪ
ŵпʼġ
ҶսԼһ֣䲻⣬ſɱ
ǣֻĻ
ŵȷԼȥġ
ԣҧֱر࣬а飬ֱرǼΪҪĴڡ
һλͺˣҶ㻹нҪ
˵ʲôҶ˴ţڵ͵վֲĹԡ
Ҷڴţ̫
ᣡ
һѵĻᣡ
յסҶ㣬ܹõڵĵرܵõתͼǿһõڶһǿ֣˭õأ
ڵ֮󣬺뷨ڣɽȫͷӦ
Ͼһ׮ֻҪɹԴ׬׬
ֻҶǿǲʮҪնɱЩѶȣ硭
뷨ڵͻȻˡ
һֱǾ˼ΨеἰҶ֣رʱ۾һΣǵһ˵
ģڵ֮ɫ
ȻܣֻȴҪڵһ֮ҵļƻȱˣ
뷨ڵǷЦݡ



߰ʮ 
ͻȻ֣
ɱ֮еҶ㣬ȻоëȻϢ
ɱ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ƺʱܽһָΪҽһ㣬һУԵֲ̫ˡ
ҶһϢһеϢ
Ȼ͵ȥɫе㾪ȡ
ɽ뷨;ڵȫ֣ǳ֣ĿȻҶ㣡
ҶһĨ⣬ͣѵΪԭҪϻɱ
ǴӺζҶһĨ⣬ڣӦúʲôֻϧ֮ˣԳ̩ɽεĺҶԡ
Ҷ֣ԭҶ㲻ʲô
ǣ˭뵽ʱ䣬ҶȻһССߣȻɳһ´ƵĴڣһλʮ֮֮ѾԶӡ
ԣҶĳ֣Ѿþڵˡ
¿ûʲôҩȥԣֻӲͷƤɱҶ㡣
ܿϧĿǰҶ㣬ʵֲ̫ˣ´ˡ
ѾţڴŵҲҶĿǰеһУա
ǣҲҪΪУҶȻ
þǣҶȻ˴ŵҪ֪ŵһλôô̬סˣ
󲻵ҶȻ˿ֲ
Ҷ㣬ôôֲͻȻڵҶһۣɽ뷨һۡ
ƺʲô
תͼ
ͬʱ˿ڵ
ȻҶһĨâתͼѾ˾תͼֲ緢Ȼ֮
Ҫ֪Ҫ֮ͨҪ̤֮š
˾תͼսѾﵽ۷壬ʮս
֮ǰսȣ̨ףﵽʮս
ߣҶֲȥ֮أŵѵĵ
Ҷڽ£оԪɾκһ㣬ӿ֮ڡ
˵Ҷʵֲ̫ˡ
ɣ
һѾ챻ɴˡ
Ҷ㣬ƺԵò
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ҵ䣿ļ䣬ôҪҺϲ㣬ֵ㣬ΪʲôԼ֣Ҷĺʹ
Ҳ֪ȴڸңǶҺҪ촽΢
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ܺá
ܼ򵥵֣ȴ˵Ѿ
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ҶһĲ࣬Ȼŷĵ;ƽпռ䣬ôðһ
أ֪ԪصĵŷһУʵһеŮ潣Ȼνķ𣬰Ȣӣպ飡
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Զ֮ʱĹԣ󲻵ģֿ̧Իأȼƹŷϵķ𣬵ǣھǰȻ׳Ƴ
Ҷһ㶣ʵĸĪǻ˼
һֱһǵ츮Ԫƺ֪Ҷ𾪵ԭˣô˵ɣĸ֮ǿߣʣǿһϵǿߣ
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֮˸õģһССĶӣܳʲôӣ󲻵ǣ֮󣬾˲ŵ㵽ֵزǸССļһҪƺ⣡
Ԫ̾һ
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֪µĵ磬ǱȻȫɱ㣬һǲǧǧҪСңķչǼΪֲģǧλλʵԺ;Ტˣ
Ҷ΢΢𾪣ʲô
꣬Լʲô㲻á
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һĺúõģΪʲô㣬Ȼѻ֮ˣ룬ھȻ֪ҿѾˣ
ЦҲһ֪ЩʲôңѾȡˣֻһӶѣ
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ʵľ磬һҪﵽ



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סҶ䣺˵ĶԣǷȱܶණȻӵм࣬ᶨǣһ;߻ħģ˼㾲ܹƷһ裬ҲǸʱܹɵ֮У
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Ƭ̣ٳûҶعͷӱסС£Ĺ涨ģ׼˽Գȥ
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Ҷ֪ԼЩˣͷ࣬ҵ˳·֪ͨ㣬ЩҲŬȡͻƷʡ
֮ļ죬ҶʮĹоˣԼ޼ҶһĨ⡣
ԽȷˣǲǴ˵ľ磬һܹ߹ȥ
ӣϸС
ڻƽųǵķӡҶ㵹ûƿҹ򿪷ӡ
ڷӡҶ
ǷӡпǴ˵еĴź˵ķӡ
һӵп˵
ҶҪͨرһųµĹԣ˵·ܳ
뵽һĨԡ
ʮ๬̫ˣԼҹоڹЦ
Ȼһ󷨣һܾۼ֮Ĵֻ֮Ҫ㹻ܳƷʵľ磬һԾ̤񣡡
Ҳһ죬Ƿӡˡ
ӡ
ҶģǷӡǷӡ
Ҷһץбһ貵Ĺԣӡź˵ر
һ̣Ҷ޵Ĺԡ
֮ϱ
񲢲۷壬ֻҪ̤ľ磬ľ磬۷壡
ҶȻʣѾһļޣΪβܿԼĿռ䣬趨Լķ࣬
˵ʣ񶼲У
Ψ
Ҷˣ죬죬죬죬ޱľ磡
ȻҲԶˡ
ٴĿһ۾תͼλµǺεݺᣬȻƳ˿ֲĶֲԳ֣ɱתͼ
ǧ㣬㲻Ҷϡ
ô
Ҷˣ
ҶбһżĹţǰ·кܳŬȥ
Ǹûؼˣ
ҲˣĴڣô磬ҲĴڵġ
Ҷ㣬һ죬ȥ磬ܴ𣿡Ҷ㣬
ҲʱᣬǵǱߴһ֮һȥҶ㿴
һֳŵɡ
һܶҶ㣬ޱڴ
ţɣҲһλɣҶЦЦȥˣ»ܲҰɡ
ˣǻؼˣҶͨ߳
սʱǴǧˣǵ³ܲңҶһĨ⡣
ʣ죬ϼӣȫŻˡ
æĵͷҶ̫ˡʵ¡
ˣ
Ҷĸĸ˷ܵ˽ļ֮ɫ
ҶĸǱסҶ㣬ʹ
Ҷ磬Ҳˮ
Ҷĺ󹬼ǣȫᡣ
Ҷ㿴ĶŮˡ
㣬ȻǷʣ
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ʣʲô
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ҶЦŵ
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Ҷ㣬ӽ쿪ʼ֮ҹ£
һصȣ涼֮Уȫڿֲ֮С
Ҷ㣬֣źܶ죬Ҳİ⡣
ǣǵصĿֲû˵ɫޱȿ־塣
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ˣĸ㣬ǣŮǣȫˡ
֮ȻǵĶӣĵܵܣǵϹǵĸף
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磡
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Ҷݺᡣ
еļڸǣǰ֮Ķӣ
ҫһܹеġ
պҪ磬Ϊˣܴռ䣬ΪˣҶ˵һ˵ܣܣҶʧɫ
ף磿У
ϻûУҶɫ֣ҪһΣԼһౡ֮ˡ



ڰ˰ 
Ҷ鷿
ף˵һ𣿾棿
Ҷ㿴Ҷ죬Ȼ
ȻҶͷҺСʱϡǵһ䣬һȱڣһµļһ̽ͷǸˣ߳ƣǬ½ģ
˭

ʲô
ҶʧɫȻ
ǣ˵سֵ˽ô
̺ܶŲè壬˵Ǵһһưԣ
Ҷ֪Ķܶ࣬Ҷ㽲һҹ
ҶȻʡ
ףľ磬һ磬ܹͻ𣿡Ҷ㿴Ҷʵ
ѣ̫ˣսѾһ۷壬Ҫ֪ѹˣܻ֪ϵˣһܴһ磬ԣҲά΢ƽ⣡
ףһжپ磿Ҷ㿴Ÿףʵ
پ磬˵׼ҵ˵һףܹһɱ
ʲôһɱ
֮ڣŽĳƺҲһ֮֮󣬾Ͳ֪ˣս棬һλ߳ƵĽֻ֮ǰˡ
ҶᵽĻԻͣһĨĹâ

ҶһĿ꣬ǳΪһ
һ׵ǽףô磬ǲٻ˰ɣ
ҶɫһȷȥˣͲܻˡ
Ҳô˵һһգ̤ľ磬ΪǱٴžˣҶͻȻɫҺĸףϣܹͷأҵߣȻϲǣҺĸףϣɳгһգ½磬ΪһλҺĸףҲЦģ
Ҷĵöӳɲš
ɲϣ
ףˣ
Ҷ㿴Ÿףʹĵͷ
øʧģ

Σǲ۷壡
ԱҪ̤۷壡
뵽ҶһĨâ
ˣȥϢȥɣν磬׻Ϊĵ伮֮УܻҪĶ
Ҷȥˣһ
һµʱ䣬Ҷ㶼Ϊ˶æµ
ȴʧǡ
ǻˣҶһĨĹâ
һģһҶҶħ
ǰΪʣҲѷɫǲǵ˺ʱˣҶħ˵
ڴǳΪһɲǡ
ҶҲͷ
ڻǺʱ룬Ϊ۷壬ſܳΪӦ֪ҵж󣡡
٣ҵȻ֪ˣպ֮ҵǣô찡ҶħҶ
ҶЦô죬ѵǺ֮󣬾Զںϵһ𣿲ܵģǵѾˣԣҵǸϣҵλӣһƽˣ
ʲôƽˣˣ
ҶħҶ㣬
ǱһģԣжϳҶĻ
Ҹ㿪ЦģгһգΪĻҿԲʲôһҵħģҶħħģһ棬ԣĲʺһ
Ҷ㣬Цˣֱһ
˵ʱҶ㶼ò˵Ҷ֣ûа׽С
ˣ˵ЩԶ֮˭ʲôôͻľ磡
ȷ˵硣
ҶһĨĹԣô£
ǰľ磬㻹ҶħָҶ
Ҳ֪ôͻƣֻӣһĿռУõ
Ҷ̯֣һֻҰӡ
Ԫʥ
һ˲֪Ҷȴ֪
ⶫӺζģҶе㼤
Ԫʥ˵سĵһֲĸ
һĿռ䣬Ҳ²⣬ǿռ䣬ƺ֮У棡
ҶĻҶʧɫҶ㣬ǿռȥ
ʲôĿռ䣡
ңԶϵ֮䣬һĿռ䣬Ը㡣
ͻ񾳽
Ҷָռ䣬˵
֮ӣҶ㲢ûȥ
߷档
Ϊ֮Ľ٣û˸˵Ҷ㣬Ǳϥһ֮ɫ
Ҷͬʵһ㡣
ףҴΪΪսΪһλˣ֮ĵλ
ҶȴҡҡͷΪΪɣ˵֮˰ɣѾкӵˣҲǸףô黹һ
·Ϊʮֿ̿࣬ңǳӦҲ֪ͭ¯֮ڣϣ֮λãɣ
ҪǣֹҶõ飬·ԵܵþԷǳãһҿģԣ֮˵Ҫ壡
Ҷ죬û뵽׻ô˵
ûЩ·֮
ǲеˡ
ߣ츳˭㣬˵ˣ㻹ΪҶеŭĵ֪ô꣬ܵٴεĹ𣿡
Ҷüͷһ壬ܵȻʲô֪
ߣһǧʮΣÿһΣ·˺һĳƺţ֪ÿԡѪսβҲҪȵܵãұѾλӴˣΪ֮֮λûʲô˼ˡ
飿
ȻŮǣһûܹǴľߣһξ㱻һɱҺ·ʱ֣Ѿ
Ҷɫ˲һ䡣
˭
Ҷ֪ļͥȻյ˶εĹ
ǿǿߣаǧܷŹǣ
ߣЩ˶ȥˣҲ·֣һһɱһƣ
ҶȻ·ʮֿأ˵ڶҶ㣬ɵڶҶ
ðɣçײˣף֮
ߣҶһΪ֪ТģΪϲǿȨƣҴﵽʣѾʮָˣһҵǿеΪһλΪɲ뱻̫Զ
ҶЦЦ
ҶˣĲԸ
ֻҶ·
Ķӣƺû̫ĽӴʮԶӡ
ҲʮӵĸˣӦøΣҶһĨâ
֮ļ죬ΪԼļˣӸĸ㣬ǣǣΪΪһ֮Ҷ£Ƿʡ
ȻʱƽʱŬĳɹΪΪҶ·Ҷ죬Ȼڷܹ֮ɱͬһǿߡ
ġ
ԴˣҶʮ⡣
ҶҶ·̸˼ΣҶ·ʮȽķ緶
·ҶҶ·鷿
ΪףҶ㵹û̫Ĺ̺ܽӣĺӡ
Ϊչˣ֮λã棡
ף游
Ѿ游˵ˣ游ǳ㣬Ҫһʱ֧㣬뿪֮󣬸ټһӣܹȫ֮󣬱Ҳչȥˣ
Ҷ
ףҶ·۾ʪˣᵽҪߣҲ̲סˡ
ӣΪҪľǸһļͥҲ֪Ϊĳʵ̫ˣңΪиַǳϣһ۷ķ羰ԣһҪߣ
Ҷ˵㣬Ǵ磬ΪĳӣҪҶң游ҲϢˣô꣬ΪΪ͸ģΪߵӣǸ̵ǣ̫ˣϢϢɣ
պ󣬱ֵϽʱ򣬼סΪ֮ҲҪĵܵǣǶ׵ˣ
Ҷ§Ҷ·˵
ã뿪֮ǰǣټһλ顣
뷨֮󣬵ϣҶˡ
Ҷֻ飬ĵŮҶߣվš
Ҷʮӣˡ
ף
ʮͬʱ£ÿһ۾ﺬˮ
ǵĸǣҲһ˿ᡣ
ҪˣǵģҶ£Ҫˡ
ǣң꣬ұʱҲˣҶоˡ
ǣɣҶ˴ȰĵպΪ֮֮λӣ·棬ǵ游ֵܣΪͬ£ΪϣΪһȨͻɱ
кǣһݡ
ߣȨǵǸƣֻпµΪܹӵȨҪ֪Ϊн죬ľΪΪսͨ˭Ҳӣ
ֵܽãΪܵˣҲΪĹѪԣҲϣɱ
ףİɣ
Ҷ·ڵܵǣ˭ҪλӣҸԸó
λӾĵܵǣɰţҶ˵
ҶƾµΪȻǿн磬Ϊʮ˸
ÿһ֣ԺӵΪ֡
ԣ£·䣬սҶ
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ڼһ֮е飬ȫˣ׼չˡ
չصλãû֪
Ҷ˺ٺǣǣ֪Ϊʲôǵ֮ڣ
ˣгһգܹ͸һΪǿߣܹԽɱˣ԰ıǮ
ΪϣгһգǻҪȸ׹Ǳؾۣ
ҶͻȻ˵·гһΪĪ֮λӴĳӡ
Ҷ·һݣӲҡ
ǺǣΪû˼Ǹ㣬λӴĵܵܣ
㸸׵ĸ֣ɲľ磬ԣ㸸̤۷֮գÿһ磡֮ҿóĵܵǣҲᴹѣ
ʱȨʧ۾ĵܵǣҲΪʲô飬ϣΪ˵Ļ
Ҷ˵
ǵģףһסģ·ģ磬·ȥģҶ·ϣ
磬
ãΪ㣡ҶЦ
ȥĸǣΪҪˣټһˣϣ翴ǣʱֻҪҶȥңΪµµΪģ
ҶЦǵģӣôµµΪ
Ҫ𣿡
ıԵһŮ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ
׷ˣ
׷ģȺˡ
Ҫ𣿡Ҷ㿴Ҫͻľ磬磬Բһ׵顣
ܿܣһʧ顣
ȻˣҵĿ꣬ɲǵʣǸߵľ磡
Ҷ㣬
ãһĿռ䣬룬ͻƵģ
Ŀռ䣿
ȵĿҶ㣬ҶȴһЦ
ռôֵģ
𾪵ķ֣ռ䣬ƺĶ֮ϣĸӦƺ
Ҳ²⣬˴𰸣Ǻĵط
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣҪΪ񣬽磬Ψһ;
Ȼͨĵ·ˣֻҪΪ񣬱̵ܹ·磡
̫ˣϣ
˵ĴЦš



ڰ˰ 
ʮʮҶлε
ֻһƿնͬ׶һݺݵ˽ʮ֮Уʮ
һݾ
ҶһĨĹâʮ쾭һ𣬱лͨ硣
Ҷ㣡
һԵЩϡ
Ĺˣ

ҶҲҹΣֻϧ֮УûټҶҲЩż㼱Ҵҵıչˡ
µıչ֮УͻȻżŷһĻ
ʣһʮƿճ֣һľҶԺš
˿̣Ҷг˷֮ɫ
ڣĹ˵ĵһ˿
Ĺ˵Ҫǫ̃͵лõն̨Ҳǻ˵ĵõˡ
Ĺ˵ĳ̨֣֪ҲҪõ
Ĺ˺þòˣأ𣿡Ҷûʣʵ
ǰþòˣʺܺãսСĹЦЩɬû뵽ɳ˹ľ磡
ڻܹսҲҶģΪһߣĿľеķ̨
ǺǣҶЦЦ
ˣ˵㣬ӡ֤һ仰㵽ǲԵˣĹ˿Ҷ㣬
ԵˣǾܻ˷̨
ն̨ػ߲һĥΰռն̨㲻ͬʹҶ͵
ҵʹӱҲûãն̨ػߣĶ˶ѣûлԵǿаռֻĺ󻼡Ĺ̾һ˵
㣬Ϊ£̨㣬뵣Ĺ˿Ҷ㣬Ͽҵĵ
ʲôΣϾҪ磬һ飬ҵĺ
Ҳʲô£ֻҪ֤˽粻𼴿ɣ֪磬ҪеЩȫеģն̨ͷ̨赣һԾΪӢ
Ĺ˵
Ҳ֪磿
Ȼһ֪ʵڵˣ࣬ұеһνһ磬Ҳ֪Ҳ²⣬ն̨ͷ̨赣һģҪˣ
Ĺ˶Ҷ˵ĸƾһĶУܹǫ̃ϿɣΪһ壬һȻݲ㣬һ磬Ϊ߳Ƶ
ô
ҶȻʧЦ
Ȼ֪궼޷κҲ̨㱻̨ѹ飬Ǻ磬Ҳһλԣ˵˵ǳҪϣܹɹ
ĹˣлҶ㿴
һ磬պҪλʣҲָˣǰӻ߶㣬Ҫȥ㣬ǼζȰסˣΪ̫ˣȥˣֻңĹ˶һµԸ⣬һΪԼޣô
ãҶĿŽĹˡ
ǺǣҲ᲻ãҲһµĴڣ㵱Լ޵ҲûʲôûģĹҡҡͷ
ˣ㻹ǳŽӴһ·̨ɣ
Ǿ޴ķ̨Ҷǰ
ҶһĨľ⣬̨ȻҪõһ㾫͵š
һ˿˿â޷Ŵɲ֮䣬âһ
Ҷڻ̨̨оȻһͷµ꣬Ҷʶɲǣ΢΢ţƺ롣
⣬̫˼ˡ
Ĺ˵г˲ţҶ񽥽ıˡ
ϡ
ֱһ̨
һĻоȡ
Ҷշ˷̨
˿̨̣ն̨϶ΪһµĹâ涼ˡ
ԭУҶһĨĹâѾ޽ӽˣ϶Ϊһɲǣɹͻľ磬ӷʣһӴﵽľ硣
֮棡
ǿµĴڡ
ҶĹЦѾһλˡ
Ȼ콵󣬿ֲĹԺȻ䣬ҪҶ㳹һ㡣
⣡
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£ٲ磬ͻᱻĸɱ
һ̣ǿǣɴ۾ʷϣһΣͻľ磡
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ҪˣҪˡ
Ҷļǣ¶һ˿ˮҪˡ
磬ˡ
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ǣĵչ˺ǵĸףùãүү̣֮ΪȻɷҶŮ
Ҷˣ¶ᡣ
ˡҶ̾һҶĸѾ޵ˡ
ˣҪԽԽõġҶ찲ο
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ǵ棬һλͳ˧Ŀµ죡
һλŽ׵Ŀ³޵еǿߡ
ţһ˽ǿߣȻ죬죬죬ҲŽףǺ죬ǲͬնġ
뵽ҶһĨĹâ
ͳߣȻ
Ҷ㵹Ǽ˲ٴ˵еˣֻǵֹۡ
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ƾĶɼģķˣŮ洵ˣڲͼĿЩߵı硣
ûһ֪֮ϣԲŻ˾
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ҪΪˣѵ˼¡
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ҵѽĵõĻǾͷˣ
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ڷ˵ģһ
Ӧ˵ǺĳƺţܿϧͬʺһײĴ߶ѡ
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ռǼģһ죬ûߵĵط
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ʱУҶ˵뿴ɽ󴨣ҳΪһһ˵ɣҶ㿴˵
̾һȻ֪ʲôԭˡ
ŮװҲУ
ΪЩ۾Ϲ𣿲ҪС񣬵ҽеʱҸܵʮĿ⿴ңɨ֮ƺεҡҡͷҸҿ϶ҵʲôֵǮģǸʱ򣬱Ȼˡ
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󾪣ѵģ
̫ܰɣ
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ǣҶ˵۾ͻȻһ£ƺеӡ
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ðɣŬһ£˵ʲôջ񣡡ҶЦ˵
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˵
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Ǵһ˵ĵλ磬һеλˣһȻ˵ǴӾʮ϶ģҲ˵ˣλԷǱѰ㲻Ҳȥˣ
˵
ȷҪʲô
ƫ棬ȻǵĴЩΣգҲòգȻҲߣǣһжҪʵ
ǰ㿴ߣڶһūͣڵĸоں£гһҲ
ģһŬѵˣĹ˵ˣն̨ͷ̨һ磬ĸ
ο˾תͼˣһֱûпЧĪǻ֪ܶԿĴڣΪ𣿡
԰
Ҷ˷ܵĴЦ
ǰȷвٰĸЩֻҪһΪͷϵ֮ء
Ҫǣõʮ
νʮһɲǣǱһ쾭
ǧâ۵һ𣬳ΪһƬĺ
һĹ֮С
ȴһӣҳĴӡ
ҶһĨĹԣõ
ͻƣǼѼ䣬õ
٣еѶˣ
ǰ㿴ǻӣȻˣλһλһҪⶫʲôã
ǰÿһλպ󶼻һҪⶫûð
ô࣬˵һŮˣǸŮֻҪһ׶ϼѣҪ
ӻ

۷׷׵Ҷ
Ŀһϣ꣬ŵЦݣƽ׽ˣǣǹɰǹλߵϢ˭Ĩɱ
ȷǸѲĶ֣
Ҷ°ͣ˼
ףҲˣ
ͻȻҶһ˲ϵϤǾȻҲˣƣòΪ
֮սԽԽˣ



ڰ˰ ȱ
˸ŵĹâĿһֱĹеƺ׼ϾҪһ㡣

ӺһūͣȻһȣҪȥҪߣһȷɡ
ƾЩϲҲҼүΰɣūһָһֻһЩ˼Ҫǣһ׿⡣
վĵĻӣһĨľ⡣
ܺã
ͷڵ
Ҷվں棬һĨ⣬ûʵĶ繷һ
Խǿߵ磬Խǿʳ
ӣǲ̫Եˣһץһֻᦵ˴Ӻ˳дһ˿â
Ŷ׹ɢˣҲ֣ȻһЦƺһ˿ӵ˼
ң
ӰУٴ߳һ꣬۵ˣŻӣдһ˿ȵɫʡ
˾Ȼһ꣬񣬳Ϊһ
꣬Ű׹ɢˣӣЦ֮ɫŨ
𿴻ĶūмˢӣޱһĴڣǻƨǡ
ȻһҲԶˡ
뵽ҶһĨĹâ
٣ᱦҵĻˣҶ㻹ƣǲʱߣһ͵Ϯӣɱ˶ᱦ
ڿƺˡ
ˮ㣬õֶΡ
뵽ҶһЦȻȻĻȺС
֣˲֪˭ȱһ
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պĵλ˭õ
꣡
һ죬˵ƾһ
Ҳȥ
Ҷ㿴ڵǷˣְֳԣȴ㲻ʲô
һ֣㱩¶١
ֻӵĶūһĨ⣬¡һȭֱڰ֮ϣֻһ죬Զʱѡ
ˣɫ˲䣬ҪȴūЦ֮£һȭ塣
һֻ϶ѣҲǶūЦһǵϣ¶Цݡ
Ⱥ񣬶ҹȥ
ūһ˻һе㶼ȥˡ
뵽ҶһĨĹԡ
ߣ
һ
Ҷ㿴ǶūǿȻˡ
֣ɱū
Ҷһʮ屶սҪﵽĵزĻһѾһˡ
ǣǧҪСҶս
Դں˷̨ն̨֮ƺѾˣǶ֣˵Ҷ㡣
ԣŵĳ֣
ūţ
ҶХһձһȭݺݵԴ֮ϣ
飡
ūɫ˲һ䣬Ҫֿȴ֣ԼٶҶһ죡
ԣɲ֮䣬һɿµͻأĳͷ֮ϣæ֮䣬˵ֿȻһ֮

ҶɭһֻūдĲʣˣ
ȫˣǸаԵĶūȻˣ
ǰ۵ɱˡ
ڵҶ㣬ɲʵĿ˿ƤڣеС֣Ȼûֱ뱾ĵĹۿۿҲֻһˮѡ
СӺܺãܺã
ӵȻһĻһĨâҵõһҪ
һŭڻӵ
ӵ
ɭҶܵľ
ҶҲһɱū֮󣬾Ȼתߣƺıŵһ㡣
һȻǸ
۷׷ס
ǰǿ߶ݱЩҲ˵ˣĵȥˣҲҪеλԣĳȥ
Ȼ˿̵Ҷ㣬ȥαװȺ֮У
Ⱥ񣡡
Цһ׹ɢˣҲЦһɱ
Щȫɱ
䣡
ͬʱֲ֣һֱӺһƬһƬģһȭֱɱʮ
ҶȻǰ˵ʬ壬һӴ
Ѹײڶ֮ƣһӽץ
ϾҪˣ
ҶһĨ˷֮ɫ֣ܵõһ˿λ
⣡
ӣ׹ɢˣ궼ɵϣһ̣ȻһӰӾȻˮ㣬ҳɹץ˴㡣
Ȼץ

һɣϵϢǷǸӣȻ֮ɺ޵ǣȻõˣ
ģ
һͬʱĳһƣҶĺϡ
ۣ
ҶһޱһǿߵĶ֣ȻһѪǰ˼ɫ˲òҰס
꣡
ҶһĨ̹ǵĺ⣡
ұɱ㣡
٣ƾ㣿Цһɣ
ʱҶޱȽǣֻһֻҪٸһӵʱ䣬ܱɹ
飡
ûһ㻹֮㱻һƴɡ
ֱ׹ɢ˺һȭȻ˵ĻᣬֱӸҶһȭѪϾҪ
ˣ
ҶʶѾȫ
һ̣ľԪǣһΪ
ҶбõĹԣԽԽ貣ֻҶȻ֣ض¡¡Ĳ綼Ҫ鿪һ㡣
Ƕ
ҶǴӵħĿˣ۾
٣񣬻ӲЦһȻҪͻƣ٣ˣҲҪԭĸ³
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ҴһȭǼ񣬸
ҶһֱֲӺɱȥ¡һ²·Ҫ鿪һ㣬˵ӣǰ׹ɢ˶ֱ㶵ģȫû뵽ҶȻӵ˿µı
¡
ûκηأȻһȭɣ²ͣ·ʱҪһ㡣
ã
ڰǿֹסΣǣҶȻ˲֮ٴγǰ
飡
һȭɱֱӴɱԴϣ
˵һߣԳ꣬㲻һֻ»Ұɱ㻹֪Ц֮
ҶЦһԴը죬ֻоһһ̣ԽѣȻѿ
ߣΨһѡ񡣡
Ҷ㿴һ۴Ӱеʬ壬Ц
ɲǣӺͰ׹ɢɫ÷ǳѿ
Ҷ㣬ֱһĴڣ
ôһӻɱ꣡
Ҫ֪Ķ֣Ȼ֮䣬Ȼɱ꣡
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ֵˣ
л˵׹ɢ˺ܶıֻͨҶ˵ͨ
ҵؿһȭѪ죬ΪͿԺú˵𣿡ҶĻð׹ɢ˻һ
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飡
׹ɢ˵ҲǸˣȻһȭݺݵԼؿ֮ϣ˲Ѫ˿Ҷ㡣
ΣҧҶ
Ҫ󷢣һᱨң𣿡ҶЦ˵
׹ɢɫһ䣬Ҷ㲻Ҫͽ⣬ˣ
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׹ɢֻоʱˡ
ֻһ³ֲֿĹԣ˲䣬һȭ
¡¡ĲǣһȭҶʮ׵ĵط͵ͣסˡ
Ҳʸּۻۣ٣ΰɣ
һȭֱɱ׹ɢ˵ֱ۴ѣ壬ԶԶ׷ɳȥ

׹ɢ˷ɱĽɲ֮ҶӰӳڰ׹ɢ˵ԱߣһֱӴ׹ɢ˵ɫѿ˼£һȭɱ
ˣ
Ҷӿ˻ӡ
㣬㲻ҪӻˣҶֱһجһĴڡ
ԺջҵĵӣɱңҸ֣ԲŹģһĨ⣬ͣĺˣҶնɱһǿߣѾо־ˡ
ûѡ񣬲𣿻ӣ
ҶЦɱֱΣ
ӣ㷽Ų˵ҺÿôҾǰôҺÿҵҪĺÿʲôҶǷЦݡ
ž
Ҷһ֣һƺݺݵ˦¡
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ԵĿ־壬ҶֱһǳµĴڡ
ȻҴʵѾ޼Ҷ㡣
ǲǺܺңҶƺĻ׳һȻĵ뷨
ûУûУ
ӻһ飬ǣ̬ѾֳˣǵģѾ޼ˡ
飡
ҶһŽ߳ϣ
ûУڲҵҪô޵ңҶĵ
飡
ҶĽʹ£һûӵͨ죬ڶţ­ѿţȵԽѣĽţֱӲ꣡
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ҶǷһ˿Цݣתߣһ
ҡڵˣʼն֪׵˭
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ڿԳˣ
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Ϊʲô
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ΪأҶ㿴Ц
ΪǺǣ㵱ȻˣȥĻͲҶˣЦˡ
ҶǰðգΪÿð֮󣬶õ벻ջ񣬵Ȼðճɹԭ򣬷ʧˣǾҪĴۡ
ҶҲ˵ķܲÿζնյĳɹʧˣҲס
֪ߣҲҶЦ
Ⱥ£ܴ
û˷۱񲻸ã



ڰ˰ Ŷ
ܳһҶ㶼רжȹ
һľѾҪȥޱٶ
Ҷʮο
Ҷ㣬ƺ뵽һʲôҶ֮ǰһͷԺ
ŶоŶŶȫռˣٶ£
ȻŶֻǴ˵Ϲһλõһ𶦣Ȼֵɲǣȴɣ֮λֲܻڵĸˡ
ϧ𶦣Ȼһλµǿߣ䣬Ҳʧˣ̫ǿǣЩżҪõǾŶ
ǣ꣬һֱûûټƺǾŶĲһ
Ҳ˵ⶫһڣǸĹҲһ˵ʵϣʮǰһˣõһ𶦡
Ǹ˵ֽԯֳһ𶦣սսأ޵֣ȻûһĶ֡
ڵĸɶҲǡ
һ㱻ɱˣǸ˾졣
ֲܿһĻȥо־壬ʱһսû˿ǲҵһĻǣ˴˳
Ҷ㣬ôˣҶ˼·
ŶûʲôҶ¶һЦݣôˣоô
ܺãһζҸоһȭɱһһ
˷ܵĻСȭͷĵ
Ҷͷ
ˣҪ˵ٵ飬ҿ»ǲҪˣ㶼ǺΣյģ

ҶȴҡҡͷûʲôΣյģֻȺѣұ٣ͻƣμӴ٣ңһ𣿡
۾΢΢зɫдһ˿ӡ
̬Ầģĵ
ǺǣӵˣսӵҶǺһЦһĨ⡣
˵һն̨ͷ̨ͻȻȴȱٳֵı

˵ܹƾ˵֣Ͷһһʮֿµ
ҲǣҸ񣬲Ҳò֡
Ҷ촽
֮󵽴ɡҶھٵıؾ֮ϣء
࣬ӣһΪȡʱæҲǸӣҪҶ㡣
ãҶͷҪͻƶҵһ취
ʲô취Ķ
ҪҩģҵҾͰ
ιôҰҩҿɲȥһҵߣ붼ˣ
ι˵òãûǸ˼ֻȥɼҩĶѣѽ̫ҵˡ
ðɣҴӦˣе㲻˼оԼʱеˡ
Ǻã·ֻʮңͻһɭ֣Ҫҩģ
ʲô˵ǵɭ֣˰ɣɶû˵һƨһ仰˵ˡ
ôˣһɭͺˣҶüͷ
ʲô°˵ôҪң˵ҩģýɽ֣ҽȥˣԲܳˣҶһ¡
ðɣ˼ʲôҶ
ʲôҸɱ˶ᱦڲҩҩ飬ҿɲˣһ
ѾͷݣҶˡ
ɭ֣ʵһǳµĵط
Ҫɼҩģѡ
ҶԼİ취ڼĿľҪԼΪһܣ֪
ն̨ͷ̨ȻܺΪһ壬̨
ν̨һоžŰʮһݣһԲ֮ңս
̨һ֣Ȼɭ˲Ҷ㵱һƣֱӽҩС
ȻһЦĻǰˡ
ҩʱɴ۾ڴҶΪʲôôΪʲôûһˣͳɹñԭһֱ벻ͨ
ι㵽ôõģǲʲôҰǸŮˡ
ʲôҶ㿴ϵ۾ˡ
ˣҩҪƳɹУʱ䣬ˣҲ²ȻȦףôȻᳬ֮УԣҲ²һ£Ǿͻᵽ
ĲǶȻ뵽ǵѺߵʱѾΪˣʱҪɱǣ練ƣ
ҶЦҩĹҲӽˡ
֮Ҷͬʱչ֮С
һºһֻ飬Źޣ
缸ߵˣһ£һͷӵˣʮǿߣ˵
Ŀȥһ̶ӣͷˣһ
ҵֱʲСһλѺˡ
ǧҪС磬弶֮ϣѾǷǳĴˣҪﵽ弶ȥľǰֻҪʱ䣬̤弶ǱȻ顣
磬ģҲǱߡ
ҿһҲϣ̤֮弶ǿѺˣѾѪˡ
˵˵ңһСͼ壬ģСǧ˿ڣҲ񣬶ǿıǻҼ弶
˵Ի˵Ƕô
֮һҼ
ү˵Ǹɱ˷ҳ֣һһĵ˵ǲ˰ɣҪ֪ǶҲǶʮ˸ֶүܼңֲ֮ɵϣһһұĳɪߣүȥ޻أ
үǻӵĴ磬ֽ֣л䡣
ⲻϻǴүʲôһСʲô˵ˣǸӰߣүһһµģҪǿһ峤ϵͱɵˣ
һСһ
һĨɫʣ²ΪЩ¶ܻṧά
ȻҲ뵱峤ԣҪ׽ûɱӵķͽΪͣüöžŻ裬̤ļľ磬ʱ峤ĴӣҲɶˣô֮λ٣ߣ
Ȼһ̣һµĺ⣬Ρ
һɭȻĽ⣬񷣬޼񹦣
µĺâȻ͸һĲӡ
һҽжûнгǸˡ
꣡꣡
ʸеɫ쳣ѿ
٣ˣһĨң˳ɾʮûһ˷Ѿ˵Ľһ
ѵǸɱ˷һҡҡͷܣǸһﲻһһ
һӢ꣬²һ޼ɵɱˡ
꣡꣡
ǲһĴڣΪ·Ҷһʮ͵ش̳ת
Ѫ죬ʮ˸Ȼһ̣һ룡
վŵģֻ
ʣˣҲսսĲҪܣȴûһˡ
ɣҶЦһ̳ȫѪĺܲҡ
ܣôһڵĻĲţԴڳС
Ӧûش㣬ҲԸش⣬ȥģҶЦ
үܼ¶һ˿ЦݣҶ㲻һһһĴڡ
վľ磬ɱĶûһҲаǧˡ
ڣһݴͣϾҪˣ
Ϊɱң𣿡
ҶЦһ
Ȼһֻ򣬵űװɣܼҹЦţצ磬Ȼץ˹ȥ
ƺҪȥһ㣬Ҷȴһ㿪ˣ
ʶʶһٱսҶһ
䣡
ֲ̳Ľâ춯أƺҪ鿪һ㣬ܼң֮С
𾪣
𾪣
һôӵ˿ֲսֱˣ
ܼң㣡
ƺʶˣҪֵʱȴһӰ
㻹Ъһɣػ㣡һŮֻŮȻ֣ȻɱɱֽŲ
һ̬
ǻе뷨
ŮӾ
Ϣⱬг˸ͣɱĻֻз֮
ⲻܣ
ܼҵ۾͵һΪҶĽ࣬۾ͣĳ鴤Ҷ㣬š
ûʲôܵģҵսնɱ㱾һξ룬ɱʮ˸֮ҵսѾȻټս޵УⱲӶġ
Ҷ̾Ϣһܼҵˡ
ӣǲҲҵͷ­ȥ칦Ҷ㿴Ż䣬ȻЦ
оһ˿вܼˣһһľ磬սֻһ㡣
Ѿˣһ̬һ𣬼ֱǿ¡
ûûô룡
ô룬ֻҪеֻҪңʲô鶼ûУҲҪûҼĵλҶ㿴ţЦ
ʲôҪңߣһûʲôģôҲҵļ壡
Ӳĵ
ʲôʱˣֻҪҲΪңȻǻңǸʲôӳɱңôɱҳݺң
Ҷһ޹ĵ
Ҳʲôôأ䵹ǹҶˡ

ⶫ䵹ǲⶫ˼ϼȥ˼ɣܹ֮ϼʲôԸ⸶
󣬻ˣһˡ
ԣǸɱ˷ˣˣǿӻƣ˭˶ò˵ңֻҪôһ㣬ɥȪˡ
궼ˣ˭ɡ
ˣҼɫһ䣬һ֮ɫ
ǿǻĻ۰һܲۡ
ǣ˵ȥʮŸǿߣǿɶǻҵ
ΪˣߣϾ͵ûң벻ѡ
뵽ҼһĨĹâ
νĴҪͨһܲμӡ
μһİˣҶɽֱӽԽ׶Ρ
һ׶Σʣһˡ
һһʮսڶǶʮ峡ʮʮֹؼ
Ҷ㣬а𣿡Ҷ㣬
ıҪʣˣҲǵǿ
һ㶼ģһ·ϹնʮɣڣĶ֣ѾȻһң˵ʮУļ
ǿģȻһ弶ļ
һҶɽǣһλ֮ҪԵĿܾļ弶ˡ
ò˵ǻҵı
ΪɱѾϧһдˡ
˵ļ弶ɱݣǲǿЦֻ·ǿӲȥҲ̨ϣڶ·ǳ䲻⣡
ô䲻⣿۾ⳡһĽƷʵ̫ˣǳᣡ
ңμӱˣ;˳Ŀܡ
ǲɱҾͽƾͼƣ֮ȳ֣õǳᣡ
ʲôǳ᣿˰ɣԣʲô취˵˵
𾪣漴ҶĲͷһа취ôŵЦ



ڰ˰һʮ ҶԹ
ڵҹӰͬһʧƬռ֮С
εĻ˷֣ļĳֲС
ǳȷ𣿡üͷ
߲رܷϣղأڣǳȻĿŵķ˴
˰أҲ̫˰ɡ
ڵϹҶЦЦȷΪϹ
㻹Ͷ
ȻǣҶһЦֶΣ
ʣҶѾ˵ˡ
ˣߣ㣬Ҷ㣡һ¶һ˿⣬һɱĶӡ
ǻҼ
Ҽһ弶ľ磬۶˭˵һǳĽɫ
ԴˣҶҲһ⡣
ΪѾ֪ˣҼ档
Ƿһ˿Ц
һ򾡵ĻᣬŹ
ȥɳʮסţ
үΪʲôȥֱӰǸСץһѾյͷüͷ˵
ߣץ練ƣҪһҵڲһĨâͷЦΪҲ֪ǵ˼֮λҪȥһᴫҵĶӣߣȻֻʣӣǾδļ
ǵðѶ˶ټ˵ҪΪҶӱ𣡡Ц
ҶѾǱ⹬ڶģ´֪֮ԼĶˣ
һ֪˼ģԲֱӳļɱ
ԣûлˣ
ҶǷһ˿ЦݣΪѾͶ˹ᵽһ𣬾ǻš
ϧջ֪
һСʱ֮˶ˡ
Ҷȴʮסˡ
ײҶ㲻ͣƶһĨĹâ
ʮֱͣͨ鵤ҩ
ҲҲյʧ㣬ҶΪһ
Ҷ㣬ǰôȥüͷܸܵɿµ弶
弶ǰûһ㷴ء
˵һ弶֣һļǶֵ֮ûУֱӱá
ˣǾ￴ϷҶǷһ˿Цݡ
ȿϷȥȥҶȻˡ
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С죬ǻͥĶӣȻҲϵǿļľ硣
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ҪʮҲУҰˣҲûô࣡
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죡
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ʱû취óǴӦˣһ棬ĺҶ㣬һ棬ҪҶ㣬ҶӲˣΪˣ֮ǰһУȫ˲˵˵ĳԹҲʹֹˡ
һʱ䣬Ϊܳ㣬ˣ԰һеƵҵϣҶ¶һ˿Цݡ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦͻȻԤУżҵ߼񣬿²ˡ
գǵǼɿֲϢ̨ʾܲҡ
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˵֮һѪɫҰ׵˼£ǰ·ɫԽѿ
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ҿżƺʼעˣϾռ䶼ȷˣûܹ߳ǬĲãڣ˶ǺΣյġ˵
żɳƬ˭


ҶһɲһöԸļһ˵Ѿ弶ľ磬˵һŴ˵үүġ
żңϵļһΪ̫֮ܵ࣬ܶżˣûѪԵϵˣǿһάֵĹϵ
ԣڲֳ˼ϵ洫һ˵
ǰЩӣǵ˻ңҲ֪˭һ仰ҶҲ͵˻ҵıҶټ
ʲô
ҶɫȻһ䡣
棡
Ȼʱ

ҶӦˮǣűҶ㲻ϲⲻһ׻ȻˣǺҶʲô
ǰƽѾޱȶˣҶЦһҺͻˣܵˣ뵽һ
棬ڱҰҶüͷĸˡ
һ֮ҶסıԺһ߿⼰ڣ߽һٶȫװıȥÿһɷ
żҾӣ˳
һɭһ˵ľȻһļ
ӣֻһУξĽ¾弶
뵽һ
λԶСʧԶӭҶһЦӭ˹
˿̣ѾһװҲˡ
һе죬裬ȷǳߣ



ڰ˰һʮ Ϊ
ԶżңƬϣŻʵһȨżҼǬƬϵİ߼ľ磬ҲҪֱ档
ڣƤӵ£ԼˣǳĴ
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ѾҶǸļǸŮӸһһ㶼ϣͬ
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ŶҶƺеϤ֪ΪΣ
ûѯҶشĶˮ©
ƺʲôͻȻҶ㴫
Ҷһǰƺʹ֮ЩƺĻر࣬ʵ⣬ư׳գȴҶʮӶٳˡ
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ҶװȥıҪ𣿡ͻȻҶ㣬һĨЦݡ
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Ҫ˵ʱȴ֣Լվһ
ҶһȭѾɱ˹

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ȻҲҶ벻ģʲô
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˷ܵĲɱҲǽĿǰǣǵݣƺܹã
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ԭˣҶͷȻûܹαװ
ϾҪˣңζĿ죬ұһ·ҶһĨĹâ
ĴЦЩЦĿҶ㣬ǲǷӣѵһҿұ
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кξ壡
Ҷ㣬ɱңҲսɱ
꣡
Դ߸ҶһĨɫֻһͣQĻɫţҶץС
ѻ٣һᡣ
Ի꣡
ѵ³֣Ҷ¶һ˿Цݡ
꣬Ҷֱ磬Ǭ½Ͷ̥ȥˡ
Ի꣬Ի꣬ҵ취ͨˡҶͷ¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
ҲˣˣǬܹݳǵĴڣҶ̾һ
¶ˣҲ̸Σա
ӿٶȡ
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ҶɫȻһ䡣
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ȻˣҶͷżУôһҲС
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Ҵ̽һ£ǶȥҶ˵
ŶǳΪΨһԵ
Ҷ㿪ʼ˼ˡ
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磬һۡ
ҪǰҪΪؼҡ
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Ϊ˶Բ顣
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ˣҲ弶׷;УͻȻɱһӰû˿ӣɱɱ֮
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ԴˣҶֻ¶һ˿Цݣ絭ᡣ
ʣ弶춼ڿ־֮Уֱһˡ
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Ϊ弶һҪŬûպľҪ㾢ܶǿߣ̤弶֮󣬾ûһͻơ
ԭǻ̫Ҫͻʱ򣬸ˡ
ԣʮֵҪ
ԴˣҶԼ趨Ŀ꣬ÿһ죬ڽŵжȹ
Ҷ磬㽻ˣ
ͷһ˷ܵĵ
ΪֵõһһƷҶ㶼ûеĶ
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˴߳ˣͷõһƷвĽʺޡ
ǷҲһ𶦣
ͷͷǣҺżһһ𶦣˴ԣǾŶ֮һֻ̫ϳϵУһλ˼񣡡
ԣҶɫһ䡣
˼񣬷ǳѶԸ
ֲ׳ᣬĻôżҵľŶ֮һҲڰ˼ඡ
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Ҷһڣ˶һ
ļȻҪ弶ͻƣǵöô
ûΪҶڿЦ
ΪҶʵ
Ҳ˵ǣӵпµ츳ȴûеݣҲҲһֹƽ
Ҷô˵ôͷһ˷ܡ
ˣ棬㶢ŵңǻҿҪ칬ϵ칬ҲһµҪ㣬ǻܸ꣬оǸе֡ҶһµϲǱɾڻұ㿴ˣǿɹֲˣ
棬֮ǰ˵ǸС
ᵽһԻҶһۡ



ڰ˰һʮ ǿװ
һ죬żŵƽʣ˵ӭһλʹߡ
Ҷ²⣬ʹʹߡ
ŶѾڣֲܷܡ
Ҷ磬ƺҲҪӭλʹߣͻȻͷ
Ҷɫһ䣬ҾȻҲܺʹϵԽˡ
Ӵͷ̽Ϣƺʹ߻һݴ
ҶȤ¡
ȥ̽ʹ߾ЩʲôҶĿһĨâ
ʹߣ־ԲС⣬ҶһĨ⡣
ڶʱ򣬴ͷˣһǿװ
Ҷʱˣֱʣ
Ȼ˴ֱʣֱһǿװǿҡ
ڵĻңɾһ弶ǿ֧ţһĸ̫СҶһֱû뵽ʹȻ֣ζʲô
ҶȻҶ֪ĳ֮
Ҷ磬˵˵һĪĻ
Ҷǰһʵʲô
˵Ǳ
ǱҶбĳһ뷨ȻоеĵЦȴԽԽ
ѵһ𶦣
ҶģΪʱ⣬Ƕ׸
ԽԽÿܡ
ϾϾҪûˣҪ׳к̨пɽڣڵĶһɽڻֵ
Ƕ˭óǾżó¶δܱסɽ綪ȥʵ塣
ԴˣҶֻ̫ˣǾŶ֮һĻ涨ȻڵβҪʶʮ죬ϧĺʵڲ
뵽ҶѾ¶˰˷֡
Ҿһ𶦣
˭벻ССĻңȻص֮
֮ûб¶ΪõǶ֮󣬱ӡֱٵʱ򣬲ſǶķӡԭⶦʼնûб¶
ͷӻңǿװסҲΪǣҪӿеǿ߰м¼
ҶһĨľ⣬ĲΪǣֻҪлᣬһٳ
ֻڣŪж˶ǿװȤЩˣв
Ҷ㣬ҾȻоŶҪСģұϿȥƶԽоƺ򵥣˵ڲҪǿߡ
ĵĲΪ֣ҵľŶӡ˼ʮ꣬δ񳯲ųܲ˾ȡ
Ҷ㲻ô룬һ취ΥڵѵʾҲ˵Ͷ·ˡ
ҲҪȱ滹Ҫ⡣
ˣ⼸죬ҸܵʮɿµϢ߿˹ͻȻ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ѵ˷ˣ
żٴγˣ뻹ҡҡͷܣżʱӭʹߣôܻй
˵ˣżҿ´ʹ֮󣬱Ὺʼĵһ˾ͻҶ㡣
ôٻһ߼֡
ԣҶ㵹ǲ̫Ϊżһʱֵġ
Ҳ²⣬ЩΪǿװٱƵ˼֮ˣǣҼ뵽棬ʱ˵ҲӲܵģԣ˭ڸɳװ·һ
ָҶҵи⡣
˵˵Ҷ㿴ѾͷʲôϷ
ҿɲ˵ЦģƻɹĻҪǿװһ룬Σ
Ҷҡҡͷǿװܷõδ֪ͿʼŷˣͷˮһգǿЦ
ҿԴӦ㣬ǿװҾҪڼ׺սҶЦŵ
ģ̫ˣǿ˵ˣõǿװ׺Ķƣң˷ܵҪ
Ҳ˲֪ǿװļֵ֪һǿװÿһʮġ
뵽һ˷֮ɫ
˵˵뷨
ǲҪ֣ǹͷӦñҸǿʱ̼ţҪ֪˴ЩǲðײããǰǼӣʱֻҪ׼˭ģɱ˶ᱦһĨ⡣
취áҶȻҡͷ취˱֪ǿװļֵֵˣпһλ߼ΪԿһ߼񣡡
ĪҪ˵ǵ֣ǿװǶҪˡҶ˴ѾвٶԴȥˣϾҵߣܸǣ˵ͷǼӣΪͷһô̲ĸԸ
Ҫô죿ĪҪֱӳֵȡɣͣòҶ
һˣ۵ʲôʱǷݷ񾢣û취ڸȥ
ʱУʹ߶ȻźУǳ֣ζƣǣˣҲδزǲܵġҶ㵭ĵ
˵ʲôʱܹȥ
ʮ꣡
ͣ˵Ҷ㣬Ȳ
˵ĲǷϻ𣿣
٣˵˷ˣһֿܣڷ֮УҲܡϾǺвܽӶĺʹǿװ϶̫ǿߣѵֱһ߼ֱңǲܵģԣзĥյĽĥ𣬵ʱ򣬾ڷУҲܳ֡
;˽ǿװˣҲûжԲߣֻǵ֣װǵˣǱ
ȥҶڵ֮С
Ѿһƿʮ׵ʱ򣬿סˡ
棬Ѫȷ磬ҶĲ࣬ǿߣٻңǣһ⣬ȫ
Ψһ⣬˵Ǳ𣬾Ȼǿװܳʮ֮ңǱʹ׷ϣ
֪һеҶ㣬¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҷ磬СУ뻹ϰٸ弶ҹ۲죬лʮһ߼񣬲ҵΪǸ߼񣬲ΪǿװģֻҪ֣ʹû赲
ͷ۲죬õЩϢ
ҶҲǲʶȤˣͷͻľ磬ȻļǿԿͻơ
һֽͷԴҲʮ⡣
ĴڣҶ΢΢졣
߼˵ֻҪִڳ֣̻ǵ֣ǿװҲȾָ
û뵽ĳ֣ͷ˵Ҳ˼ǸƺԴ˲мһˡ
˵˵뷨Ҷ㿴Ŵͷ
ʹһߣСǱȻңʱ򣬾ǳֵĺʱ
ţֻҪ߼񲻳֣һж˵
Ҷͷ
֮ǿ
ҪΪԼδжַʽһ֣ҲҲɿһ֡
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ߵˣǼҵĴˣҶ㣡



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ҲµòĻǸҶɣżҴ󶯸ɸĴڣ
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Ҷֲ˽ţĺڰʮֶ֮࣬ɱ˶ûκκôֻСĵͿԡںѵ
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뵽һҶ㣬Դתԥ֮С
֣ǸˣҶһĨЦ⣬һ˲ޱ顣



ڰ˰һʮ ɱ
ԥƬ̣պһûֱӶҶ֡
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