==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
<Ǭ/>
    Ҫ죬ڲסۣ
    Ҫأģ
    ҪˣֻԼУ
    ϣһϲ䣬һ϶ȴһΪʮ꣬ıƲ𣬲˱ڲȻ̤һ֮·һһĥѣѡӭѶϣǣ½һӷﵽǿߵĴ˵
    ߵȼʿʦʦ佫ʥ


001 
ϸ磬ӦҪץСأһԼ߰꣬Ǳް㾫ϸСŮվڴڣǰһʮ꣬˵
Сѩ϶εЦЦ˳ͷ˵Ҳ˵˸߼ʦʱ򣬲ܰץС߰
ǣϸ磬Ҫʲôʱ߼ʦأѩˮ۾˵׺Ƹ綼мʿˣôǳʿأ
һ䣬ϺЩգѾʮ꣬½ѾǽӽȴǳʿȷǺܲˡѩеİ׺ƲŽһʮСƨС꣬ȴѾмʿ˵ֱһ죬һڵء
˸˵һЦ˵ǼζϣôǳʿΪ겻Щأѩһ磬ҰץСȥھǸ߼ʦŶ
ҪֻҪϸץġѩǣųϵ֣ϸ磬ǻؼҰɡ
СѩߡץסС֣ǰȥɸղ˵ˣȴᵲڳϵǰ棬Ҳ󣻳ңҲҡ
ʲôʵ
ڳǰˣа𣬽ʮ꣬ϵ׳ɷǰ׼ҴĴ峤ôһƫƧСɽ壬иʵ۰Ĵ峤ϵҲȨƣټЩ츳ʮѾǸ߼ʿҲһ꣬ɾ׼Ҵһ˴ߣ˵Ǵ֮һʥŵҪԱǳΪʥŵҵӣ
ȷûй츳ߵʱֻǸ߼ʿ֮󣬲ʿʦżǴﵽ˸߼ʦľ磡
ǰһ԰ܱܣȴ꣬ջҪ鷳
ʲôӵĺһŽµ·۾һתȻ˵·ֻǿߵ·һЩʮ껹ǳʿ˵ʿҲ㲻ϵķͲ·
ϲΪˣţЦҲУͷүүҾ㡣һأǹ¿ͷ
ϻǳĬĳĬ£ȴ޾ķŭߵİѩȴЩˣȻͻСҲףʿ߼ʦ֮䣬ǿر𣬳ϸôùأңϸӻã
СѩȻȥϸץөȥϸоѩСڷùе˵ɰѩȴǰͷһƫᶨ˵ϸ磬Ҫһ𣡡
˵꣬ѩֶŰС˵Ŀ˵ǲҽһ磬ǹȥ
һ㶣ֹЦϣҿˣûֺҴȴиСѾͷ飬㲻ǸǸ۲۵ųų򣡡
ŰǼĻϽյ˫ȭžžĴ죬Ϊ׾ȫϣϵʺ䣬ο̿䣬ٺˮѪʵһֱдһֱ˽
ǣû˽ų
ΪʵΪ½˱ӵľǲսų򡣱˽ų򣬲Ϊǳ衣ŭڣȴɫСѩõһߣôѵ쵰
ѩõһߣСԴѰ˼ҪҪܻش³ϸߡ
ѵңЦһʿķҪѵһ߼ʦͷЦ·½ЦЦǰ֮ʱֻͻŭΪȭͷŵɫ׻ֱǾǷȥ
ȭͷȼճһ򣬴źרעĿЦţɵϵΪϵȭͷֻһָ֮ң
һȥȴȻûùһŭȭͷֱڰţð˳һ
ұˣһ߼ʦȻһˣ
ȻϵĹûиһ˺һʥŵӣһ߼ʦȻᱻһʿеһһȭһϢҪǴȥû׼Ҵˣû½ϻˣ
ϸѩϴ˰һȭΪռϷ磬һŰƻ
ϵһƬɬղŴһȭľеܴģһȭĽȴð˺һû˼һʵԵ˺ʿ߼ʦĲ𣬹Ȼһ޴ĺ蹵
ŭѵİѾŭȻҴңҪһȭһǧȭӾ򵥵ȭ㿴߼ʦʿ𵽵֪ľ𣡡
ȭ
ȭҲȼճһ򣬿һǰĻȴǴֹһɫҲȫһϵǸʵɫȴǳʽɫԴһ˿ɫ
ͷųĻ棬ֻͨķ
Ļ棬ȴ֮
ʱ˿̵ĳϣΪǰһȭľеڵȭͷɫСûУеģֻһֻȭ
ɣһֻȭϵȻûһηĿ⣬ȼճһַһִţֱǸɫȥ


002 վͻ
һСȭȭδ򵽳ϣǳȵ¶ȱóϣðĺ飬ϸоʹҧסݣֻȭǰ
ǲǺʹǲǺ£ϵЦݣøøģ
£Ҫүү
⺷£顱һȭȭײһ𣬡ꡱӳȭͷֱӵֱϣϵӣɳȥʮ׶Զصˤڵϣ
ˤڵϵͬʱϻоұۺѾԼһ㣡
ϸ硭ѩֱȥֶڵ˫ֱһģЦ˵оˬɣף۾ҸǲҰ
СѩվһȥϾܾѩĲ֧վȥǵѪȭͷһ񱩵ŭٴȥ
ۿųϷײ˹ЦվǶһһȭͷϲɫĻ棬һ˵ղһȭֻɵƾһҺҶһȭұۣһȭҾʹۣ
ųϣԱǰϽ˺һ֮ûнϷѾǸ߼ʦİ˵ʿĳϣͺñһֻӰĴڣ
飡
ȭɫȭٴײϵַ˳ȥһΣɵøԶжʮףЦô㻹ܾ𣿡
ϲٲۣұҲٲֱֻ۵ĹͷѾλѿǾҵʹƺڽѪҺ˹ӣȫǵѪˮʳ
ûоʹſµ£Ͻ˫ȵƴҪվȻǶǱ󣬳һΣվǸǰΡֱ
ףڳһվȻЩȣתֳЦȻվˣһΡҵ£
ȼŲѪ˳棬һûоϹԸٶȣϳȥﻹŵ˵һΣҪ˫ȣ
һǻȭŷеϵĳҲȭҫŽֱ֮Ȼĳϻڵأ˫ȴꡱ
˫Ҳˣ㻹𣿹쳤ЦţֻȭͰðʵﰡѾˣҪȻƾҸ߼ʦʵһȭܴ㣡ﰡɣүүͷҾͷһΣ
İȥɣԸҲϣ
˺غţ巢ľʹ飬ҧ˽Źǣ˵ֱۣ֧ڴϣķ֮͵վ
ףû뵽վٶȻ֮죡ľȣ˼֣ųĶ飬Ƿħ񣬰Ȼоеأɫ˵վͺ˲Ҫף϶磡
һǻȭټһɫ򣬰Űȭͷݺݵײڳؿϣʱϵ壬һʯͷ˳ȥڵϣֱҵóӣɢ˼һ
𣿡Ǽֻ⼥棬ȴ˿˿ǣǸվĿ⣬ҵش
ѩѾĳϸȥϽֻ֮ңʱѩͣס˲ӣûȥϣΪѩ˳ϸ۾Ŀ⣬СĿĺ壬Ŀִţǿм͡
ǵģֹˣŶˣɢˣƺǣϻ־а۲ӵľ񣬻ֱֱվǾ׳һķ
־񡢷ںһ𣬾ͻһ֣־ͽУ
ˣ
ͷλˣ˵ʲô
ɢˣ֤վ

ˣãǶѵĴм̵Ĺͷǡǡܲ棬Ӹȣ
ͷλˣûʲôˣùͷ֧ţСǻǴǣһڹͷһ
ɢˣǼֱ̫ˣֻҪվͲΪʹñǸΡΡͻվúֱֱ
޾ʹУϵӣֱ֮䣬涥죬ŵأֱŰӣһһѪӡȥӦǹȥ
һߣҪҲҪڽ·ϣ
ѩһ׳棬ǲӰᣬ鲻Խء
𿴵һĻ棬ӿһֺµĸо


003 
ǵģһֺµĸо
ǲףһ߼ʦôẦأ
µĶ󣬻һ
ΪǸСǿһһһεվ
ǸѪĿ⣬
УһҪһ㣬һӰҵ֮·أ
ѳѪ˵ĳϣɿ쳯ȥΪеĺ£صĻ潫ֱ֮Ǵۡ
ִŵؽָճȭѵؾֱֱۣۻδٵظߣǻȭͽʵڳؿڣһηɳȥڵϡ
ʹʹ
ǹ۹ѵµʹѪҺһɱյʹǶѵľҲʼڲ˺ųϵӣ
ͷϣֱϣؿϡӵÿһλ
⺹ͨĺˮѪ
ΪѪܸգ壡
Ѿ֮ԪѪҺܵˣվ޺˵һ˿˿ǣվˣǡ
û꣬켴ֿ϶˵Ƿ϶վ
ȫѪϣѪһ𣬶һ飬һ飬Ǻˣ
ǣڽ𣬽ÿһ˿˳֧Ǹǣϰң۷һһһ㣬޾ʹУվ𡭡
֪˶ãҲֻһɲǣҲبʷӡ
ϵѪѾ£ΪѪѿ챻֮𣬸ȼմѪٶȣԶԶϱȼٶȡ
ֻҪôһ糶һǣһڣ˿ڱѣѪѵ
΢ҪǧʹοڳҪ֣Ҫƴվ𣻿֪ʹǶôŰ
ǣЩνҪҪǡ
վˣ
վͻĳϣվˣ
ϵĿ⣬ضŰ
ڳվһ˲䣬ֻˣоľһֶڱֹı
֪ʲô֪ӴԺ󣬳ｫΪʣΪĶΣ֮ȥĶΣ
ôܳôܹվ㲻ӦվӦſڵϣӦýҴĳ裬ӦþһſڵϣϳΪ飬ôܹվ
Ʒһ㣬ţ
˭վģַˣĽŷˣɢˣڵѪˣ㻹ôվôܹվʲôվģʲô
Ъ˹ĺУǼѵĳһЦݣ۾ƺ˵ţˣ߼ʦˣ
ϲվȼȼŷ־̧ż尾ȣǰһĿꡪ
ϻҪ
һðǡһ촷ش𣬡㾹ȻңһʲôʸңҪɱ㣡Ҫɱ㣡Ҫ
˵ţȥ˫۾ӣɢɱ
֮ǰûжɱģֻǸèץסҪ֮ǰŪҪڳҵŰҫرָ߸ϣϾһֻϰĸо
ڣ⣬ڳһʱ˾⣬⻹ڳҲҪս־УԽԽŨ
ɾ⣬Ũߵʱðеһв
вԳϣеķ
вԣҪɱ˳ϣɱеķ
߳󣬰ӾͱΧһ񣬶ǻɫɫԽԽ࣬ҪͻƵף
ţǸ߼ʦıŭһҪɱϵִš֮󣬾ȻҪͻƣ뵽ʦľ磡
ʮĴʦڴָ
޾޻ˣֻƴ˵ڶȴ֮Զ
̧˻ۣڵԪ˵ţҲһʹ࣬սɣ
ָȭֱָ飡
ŭ죡
һŭ𣬷ռ似Ϲȥ
һŭ죬ԽԽ¶ԽԽߣҪٵĸоȭδϵһͷڷ׷׻˻ҽ
һ룬ɻҽľͽǳϵ壬гϵǲ־Ƿľ񡭡
ȥɣ
ȫЦݣ
ǧһʱ̣һֻȭͷȼɫȭͷڳǰ˰ŭ죡
һ˲䣬һİԾٶȣɻȥ
ٶ̫죬ϸͿӰֻƬƬӰǴӿеѪΣ
ҪҶӵ㲻񣡡
һԣܴɫȭͷ˿д


004 Ҷս

ϼ﻽һһ˫ڱʯĿ⣬ȫǲ˼飡
Ȼǲ˼飬Ȼ˹ȭͷȭͷϵɫš佫
𣿡
˶ӵľ˼ûаָ׶Զӵ顣
Ϻҡͷ˵ſڸ׵ıϣܸ׵Ĺػ۾ڴĹâҧ˵һ֣ܣ
ǣ岻˵תڳϵǰ档
ǣڸתһ˲䣬ϿһЦ⣡
ˣѾ㹻ˣһѪɫ÷ЦݣֻҪø¶Цգ۸ʲôǱڸʹһٱһǧҲԸܣҲԹ޻ڣ
ȻֻǿǵЦ⣬ȴûп۾ǷۣǷϧǷݲ̡
϶۰ӵģҪȻССİ׼Ҵ壬һʮꣻҪȻڰҪɱӵʱ򣬴
ֻǣ彫еĸȫȻ˽£ΪĶӣڲͬҪȥģͻ佫磬ǲӼʮѣ
ˣô죿
һССİ׼Ҵ壬̲Ҫȡӵأôڰ׼Ҵ֮أɱӵˣǧǧʤ
ӿʲô
ȻӾȫ٣־ǿ־Բܻ٣
ˣӾͳķ
ԣҪץסÿһᣬӼǿ־¶ѾˣͷѣŻ˿ҲҪпȥ
һԣĿ¼̵Сѩһɰ类ˮϴˢһһ飬סޣɿϱѪأȴǿޱȵվٱ򵹣վ
ѩˮ鲻ԽȪˮ
ϸ磬ҷ㡣ѩ˵ЦݣСѩеġ
Ө񣬵ελ䣬Сѩһ˫Сֶ죬Լ޳ųϵߣųһСһСţӦţΪϵ˫žû뿪桭
ⳡ¼һ˹ѪҲ޾ʹȻЩ԰˵ȵģ𾪵ǣϵȻѾﵽ佫磬Ȼǽ佫ܳʱ䣬ǰ׼Ҵһ𣿾ƵũߺܺãȴҲ˸ΪŶԣУ佫ô䵽׼Ҵ
ųеĿ־壬һ߼ʦΪ佫ǰȫϰĴڣ
֮Ĳ࣬Ĳֻǰϰ㣬ӵвľ񣬷־
㡭㡭Ҫʲô
ض岽֮Զĳ˵
ɢҵɱǰһ
Ҫɱҡֻˣæģ㣬Ҫɱҡ
ŲͣڰǰȻµҲɱ㣡
лл壬лл
ҶսᣡȻһ

еİȻԶվñֱǰƶĳϣķŭž⣬͵ܣܡ
岻ĿУ³һ֣
һ֣ɱŨһ飬ҼȥҪ佫ĳ壬̫ѹ³һŭ֮£ϰ㣬ɱ
ԣתѪӣײײؿ񱼲ֹȴһԹں޵ܣǷսңɱңֱΣǳ룡
ϧ˵ЩʱԺһֱڳϱվĻ棬۾ĺŨظֳΪ佫˲ҵʦѾˣһʥţһʦ佫Ϊһɷʱٺúǣ
Űɣһᱨ𣡽һȭҶһȭһǧȭţۡһ³һѪŨ
ţٶȣǰŵĳϣ˸˵Ǿ仰ҶսᣡʱƺƽһѪʹҧ߬סȭͷпӡӲʧһսһģ
꣬ϼᶨһ
ʱ߲Ѫ


005 
Ϧȥ˿գϵӰббӣûֺһֱסǰ棬ΪǰʼһΰıӰǱӰֽСף
ϵߣСѩСϣˮùǧ
ϵұߣȴһĨӰǳϵѩȻĮѩȻǻŨŨĸ޲ôȥ޾ʹ࣬ǳǾϴһг衭
ѩȻĵǣ϶֪ͷ𣬾ɵ˵ףû¶ңԵÿп࣬ΪȻڳԿ࣬Ҳ˵·أ
ѩȻͷ˫Ứת
ףеġ
϶һеġѩȻţԼ޳
Ÿ׵ıӰĸ׵Ÿɽĸ纣ÿһôᶨôȻףΪҸô࣬ײ֪˶ᣬʲôɲȥأʲôɾʹ˷һأϾ𣿲ǣԲǣΪ˵һֱпЦգҳϵҴӲԼǷĽϣƬģҳϣҪΪǿߣǿߣ
񷷢Եĳϣ¿£һǰ
ֱӰʧףճ֮ʱϲŻص˼ңո߽ԺţһϲһֱŵľҲɳȻڵأѩȻæ϶϶
Ҳһʱߣһ˫ҫڳϲͬĲλʮ£˵ֻˣúϢһʱ䣬ʲô󰭡
⻹ûʲô󰭣㿴϶ϻһǺõΪʲô֣ΪʲôΪʲôҪȥܰ𣬸ʩôѹôôģô˵϶ӰѩȻڱˣԱ߻СѩĴڡ
ΪҶӣԣҲŲòģǱ顣
ǣ֪϶ľϣ䣬ôȥܰţǿ뿪׼Ҵ壬ط϶ͨˣƽƽضȹһ𣿡
ǿ뿪׼Ҵ壬ڰ׼Ҵа𣬵طûûûѩȻ˵ĵطнжԹ
ǿһû֪ĵطǿӰѩȻȡš
ĶӣûлͨˣҲͨˣҵжͲܶŸĳƺţػţţȥ
ĻѩȻ޺ȵ壬㣡
ѩȻΪүӻΥ־˺úûΪҵЩֵܣЩΪ뿪ұʹ˰ֻҪûǾͻһֱģǾͻᡭ
壬˵һǣ
ĬȻѩȻԾţǻҵǵô
ȶӰѲãǾ뿪׼Ҵ塣˵ϱտһȴ˵ѩȻҲΪǶǸ𣿡
ҡѩȻ˵ɶӾϣȴ˭Ҳܸıʵ
һЦҴûҵĶһһճ㱻ˮʮСʱķһԤжȴƴʮķ𣿡
ѩȻˣ԰Щôû뵽
ϾһǷ𣿾ͲܳΪǿҳ岻첻ֻԼڣ˶ʤ죡Ȼ½ûоϻӣǵĶӣҲһӣ˵ִ꣬ż˵Ϊ𣿡
ѵʮĸ߼ʦڴ½Ҳһˡ
˵ˣǵĶӱ򵹲վŰͻƽʦָ֮տɴ
ʲôʮĴʦ㻹϶
ϧӴԺԶɲ˴ʦ
Ϊʲô
ЦݲãΪǵĶӣ
϶ôܣ
ûʲôܣǵĶ֮ģ֪ΪʲôҪɱֻǿﵽʿĳ𣿾Ϊо˺£овҪвɱҡ֮УΪһ֮ˣ⣬µģһеķһͻ𣿳ǷʲôһһҲˡ
ѩȻſ죬·췽ҹ̷һͬȵģСѩĴ󲿷עڻԹȥĳϡ
ڣ㻹ΪЩһ𣿡
˵꣬ЦţЦУŶԶӵ޾ڴţӣȻѾ漣ٴһ𣿰𣬽Ҫʵǵĵһɽ壡


006 ʹε
죡
еĳϲ֪Ƿڷ̸ۣҲ֪гÿʱ㽫ԪעڳˣӹĴ󣬻ռҩݣˮ֭ҩˮС
У׼û鷳ĸ׼嶼˱ᣬ׼ҴдҲûٵСȥ޲ũ߻Ǵ֮࣬ҪõģҲȥڴ죬쳣״Ȼǵõ˰׼Ҵ峤ľ棻ڴ죬ϵ˻֮󣬲Ϊʮٳæȥ
󣬳ۣһۿıףס
϶ˣоϻ𣿡ѩȻżʳһ⣬Цݣҡҡͷף۵ġ
⺢ӡѩȻȻ֪ǶΪ˿Ķ˵
⣬һҩ߽Ӳҩˡ
졭
ϻδ˵꣬㱻ϣ£㲻ùܣֻҪӾС
Ͻеʣ
ڴ죬ϲµõأֻӣֻտҲûоɥǷϣƺţѹͬҲĶʼ壬
½֣ͨһΪһΪ似Ԫ൱ڹķ޳һ似ǽԪʽ
似졢ءֵȼÿһַΪƷ켶ߣƼͣ⡶ͼֻƼƷڵ̯Ǹ˶
ϴʱñǡһ㣬ոտʼ棬ÿһ䣬ڱһ㣬ֻɲǼ䣬ϱȫðע
ô£
üͷ壬ǰȻѾǧ࣬ãҲֻܴôһԪҲ֮ʱΪʲôֻеһεȭͷ΢΢ð֮ǳһֻȭԭ
ǣйʹ̣
ϲţԣȻʹ̣˿
Ϊʲôѵҵһȭ˼ţԡçɽǷͬ״
çɽҲڵ̯Ҫȡһ㣬ǻƼƷ֮˵ܽ˵ɽʯǿӲ⣬ãǣҲдţܽçɽռ磬ӵһɽ֮ҲһɽǿӲ
ֻǣġçɽǰ㣬ҪĳɻãҪǮȥ
ʹ
ϸһоǾʹǰǿٱǻѪҺ
ôˣǻçɽûˣΪʲôʹ
벻뵽ӣ뵽˵Ǿ仰ɻĿüᶨֻҪܱǿʹҶҪȥ
ǣҧʹһһžʹļޣֱʹεأ
ˣ߹ӱѩȻʵΪʲôֹ϶ǰǾϣ챻֮һ򣬸ǽ϶ȫ飬϶ܾʹĥ˵ûаô˿Ԫ治ϡ
˭˵ûаô
ʲôã
Ԫȷ治ϣܶ־
ѩȻ㶣ֽ˵־ǿʲôãһлȭҪ϶壬ǰȥΪʲôʥ׼Ҵ壬زһµʱ䣬ǳħޣʮʱܵ
ڣ˭Ҳ˺Ҷӡ
ǡҪ壬ѳؾ޼϶ԣ
ҡҡͷĻƼƷʹ޼ǵؼƷöпһ
𰸣ѩȻоˣߵߣץϵ֣ˮȪӿǲģΪʲôΪʲôҪôĥǵĶӣΪʲô
Ȼӵľãƾ˼ǿ־ƴƽôҲмʦĴڣֻϧ첻⣡
ûʲôʺϾٵţ⣬Ӷӳ֪֮󣬳һֱڿ˼ǣʮȥȴûһͷ֮ԪӦĴڰɡ
ȻûҪ߶ӵôܹ漣ģһܵġﲻͣذοԼӰҩȥˡ


007 ɽ
һΣûٻԸ죬ʱ֣ϱ˹
ѹĳϣģҪѩȻպý⻭棬۾ú죬æ˵϶ǲҪˣǻܡ
ף㿴ڲǺúõû¶ģʹʹžͲʹˣġ˵ɣȴڲĲףҶˡ
ȥø㣬ȥѩȻ˳ȥҵʹһӵȫΪúܼͣѩȻŸʱһ˹ȥ
ѩȻڵգһ̾Ϣ˽һҩ֭
һԵ㶫űֱʹΣܶʼؼţֱ죬һδӻЩɻ
ȥҾϼ꣬Ҳֻ˿еķȥϽʾ֭Ű취üͷ˰졭
ͻأԺһ⣬Ұ׵Цݣѩүүһ£½һǿߣ֮ǰΪʼɷܲ裬Ծ֪Ծδɹǵһ¶¶һŽӵ˳ǹԺ󣬴Ӵ˱̥ǣ٣ʮʱ䣬ʦ֮֮ȻЩˣȫɱйߣ
ЩҪģҪѩүү˵һ仰ȷкܶݼҩڣЩ˼ֵ󣬻ǻɽɽڣԨǺȺɽ֮Сɽ֮ۡ
Ⱥɽ֮У߷ۣ֮ʣ۾ŶϷǵĸɽɽΪòǶɽһɽһƬȺɽ
ƽ׼ҴĴҲǵɽȥԣҩȵȣǶᵽɽȥһ㶼ڰɽ˵ǰɽһ㽫˸ˣȻһһԽԽֲɽɽҲͳ˽֮أ˸ȥ
ɽɽ˼Ӧѩүү˵һ̥ǵɣ۾˵һ䣬ôҶҪȥһ£Ҳһӵķ
Ǹжɣ뵽˱ҪǵõֵϾɽҰޡ޲٣߽ڴһֻϱ㻽һ
û
ȥɽתת
û룬ûֻ˵ǰѹ⼸ֻ
õġ𹭣ֻ߳ߵѩȻߣ˵ףȥɽתһȦ
϶塭
ЦЦףҲ߶á
ѩȻһԶкô㲻ֹ˵ס׼ɽȥ
δ׵ǣû˵ʵֻӦһ
Ҫ߳ڣϸ磬ȵҡ
ϻͷһȴѩѩ뵽üûѩˣѩСܵǰ˵ϸ磬ϵ˺ЩҶģ費ã˵峤˵˵ţѩ
⣬ϱô¶Ц˵СѩˣٿޣǾͲÿˡ
ѩһæֹסڿڴͣͳĴָС񵰣˵ģһֱš
ѩʲôѩ׿ŮһæȺѩ¶Ǹı飬ϸ磬ҡ
ȥɣȻҪˡ
ϸ磬͵͵㡭ѩ˵ţ˸Ťͷȥ
Сĵ㣬ˤˡЦ˵һֱѩӰʧУתֱɽ
ʱ֮󣬳ѾվɽɽϣŴ̧ͷȥ·ͽˣ
ɽŵɽΪʱԱȽϺߣԽϣȥ˾Խ٣·Խߣڵ֮ĵطû·
ûηĿģɽɽϣܲܳ棬ϣڣ
һ·ʵǣľϴ·ѾĥһƬһƬһһˣҲѪԽԽأǱͻӣÿ߳ͲòͣϢƬ̣߻Լ޵ĺصɽּ䣬Ǻˡ
ڴʱһǿɽ紵㽫ϴɽ·Ϲ£óϻһ飬亹졣Ƭ֮䣬ԭĵɽ䣬ͻȻ任ܲɫҲһӺ
⣬Ҫˡɫ䡣


008 Ѫɫ
ܲ¡תۼ
һſŶ飬Юž֮ɽ·һˢŢԽӴ򻬣˶ӻ֮£ʵӦþɽǡ
Ͽ˿үڵǳ쳶صһĨЦүôö¹һ꣬¶Ҫɽȥꣿɽ̥ǵ鱦ڰɣ
үҪȥƫȥҽ컹ǵҪɽɣҧ˵Ĩһϵˮõ·һϹ·ѼΣ˫ץȥ
УÿһҪŬҪץýҲҪ۵ΣһǾɽȵıˣ
ЬˣϱЬӸˣŽżʯߡĽŵ׿ݺύѪ˺ۡ
껹ŰţѷֲǺˮˮǱ嵭ȴѪζѪˮӲѣϻţĿɽɽ
һһɽԽԽ鼤ţ۾ҲϲĹâ
ͬʱڰ׼Ҵ壬һĸߴˣһһǰţ֮ǲľԻΪҽ̤֮ʯҲϢлɳ
׷׶ܣΪˣֻİˣֱʱ鳣УԶҪʼջҲӲֻǶӡ
Щ棬϶֪֪Ǹİ˻ʲôĻѣϴ˿̣վɽָۣ֮񺰣үˣҺΣ
䣬һˮͰִ磬׺£
ѵǸ˵ģѵɽɽǽ֮أ磬Ժĳͷ
һɲǣе˼άеͷȫ˲ģ
ֻƴȥֻ벻˳Цɷ˶ѣѵͷǵҪҲ𣿡ԺɲǼͷ磬ŭ죬ɣɣһ½ҲҾ죡㶷һ
磬ٿ
ϱۣԺֳ︡ݣףТ̷ϣʧˣ֮ٱ
ͷڴˣ۾Ȼ֣粢ûϣû¶ûбǺúõġ
𣡡
ڴ󾪴ϲȴһХǲֱأͷȥһֱóϴڵ
ǰʮ״ȻһȻôһߣжʮ֮ѪɫһţСɽ㣬ټͷֱ죬߿һĺӣͷϣһƼڵĴڣҲ˶ޱȣѪɫ
Ѫɫð̣һɴ̱ζһŨҵƤսζ
⡭ʲôޣ
ţζȴ򣬡ѵղŵ磬ĲңѪɫΪʲôҪޣ
Щ⣬մӳԺӿŭһǰִ磬ѪɫַХ



009 ߸

ڳԺͻ˿ҰʷӼǣ˵ξ죬Ҫĥѣܾ׶ߣΪ𡭡¡
ЩʱѪɫѾ˵ڶ磬Ѫɫͨ͸
ֲãͻ꣬ԭ졣
ʮľʱһͬĸоϣ㿹סѣȥ
磬ٴκɱһӣݺݳѪɫϣѪɫ鷭ڵأһҽУѪɫٰͷ³Ѫţĵ磬ֽӶ
ƽѪɫߣ𣬵ĵٽݺݻ£
Ѫɫδأ£ǵߵڰ˵
һĵԽԽֵ磬ѪɫĿУͻȻ³һҫѪѪɫӣֻȭͷСֱײĵ硭
ڵ
Ͼ򣬡ˣҪѪôûڵأ
УĵʧȴǺ죬ھۼŸ磻ѪɫӴѾƤѪɣ߹Ҳ¶˳ǿźӣҲ޹⣬صѪɫ
ڴʱǿͷػعųϣѪ۾¶ĲĹâ׹⣬ҪϳƵġ
ѪҪңţĿǼᶨҪĸ߸ߴڣҪңҪۣ
ȡ˹˼׼Ѫɫ
Ѫɫ䲻ܿԣȴͨԣƺҲǾ֮ˣѪɫ¶Ŀ⣬ţ㣬ϣ
Ҷ
ϷżֱѪȥѪɫûжܣ˵һô˵ң
Ȼ̽Ѫ壬ȴһɫ棬ɫǳģֻҪһĿ꣬ᴥħɼ˺
ǣҲԤϵϾȻɽɽҲһħޣǿҪѪɫ
˵ɫҲѪɫ˺ֻѪɫоʹȫʹʧȥжʹѪɫһŭҪڶĳϣһɺɫȫʧȥ֪
Ѫɫǰܣ߿ڴţֱ߸
Ѫɫ³ϣĵھŵ磬ȻƣѪɫ£ѪɫԼĶ䶯ճȥĳȫĶԸһ磬ڵ³
гϣڱ̽߸ʱȴȻ˹
ѹһ˲䣬һѹ˷ӿţһֱµһŹֵɽС
ֻǣɽĶʮֵճһɫҺ壬Ǵ̱ǣһڳϣһѪ⣬á
ѹĳϣĻѪĶ


010 ڵ
𣡺𣡺𡭡
󣬵ھŵ磬ǰ˵磬һɢǾþòɢȥ಻ѪɫϣѪɫڿзŭХԽԽѪڿз裬粫ɽɽ嶼𶯡
ѪɫҲڵУű仯
˶ͷ˽ǣƲ¹ãţͷգѪס
Ƭ֣ƽצצӥƣƻ
߿Իף飬ɡ
һһУΣȥƺѪɫҪΪƹȥУѪɫ棬ȴһ
أ𽥼ѪѾ׵ȴѺľԪڵ̻ظУҪƾӲɹʣĽѡ

һ쳹أƽɢ֮ơ
ͻأѪɫ͵ת˱
ȴǳѪĶ룬ʼҼ£һѺϣܳɹû뵽ȴҪң
ɫҺ˳һҲڿʼãΣڵϦ
ʱѪǿڵص˸УһҰʷӼйڡڵĴԺħڵ̷ҩƳ鵤ҩƷԽߵħޣ̷ڵ̥ǣ֮ҩ
ϲ֪Ѫɫʲô֣֪Ǽħޣ
ǣܻħޣƷͣ
Ĵ̼óӿ˷ıĿ⣬ŭ춼ûҪҵ㾹ȻҪңҪңҾȳ㣡
ŭͬʱȻץסǿѪڵڵд׵һھҧȥ
һҧȴûЧȫҧȥ
ɫһݣץΰϵݺݴ̽ڵɫ켴ҲΪһ̣Ѫɫ˲Һ
ѪҪڵ³ȴץס
ҵʹѪɫڿзƺҲ֪Ѫ˿ΣƵģͻȻѪɫʹˣʹò򣬱ֱϷȥ
磬Ѫɫɢ
Ѫڣϲ֪ѪѾɽֻǽǿڵֿ̣˺ҧС
ڵһһ̽УϸоԽԽȣԽԽ̣һȼգڵĻʮ򱶲ֱֹҪӻһ㡭
ĳϣﻹȥЩֻȭͷڵ֮ȴƺûнޣץסĶȫһʡ
ڿ̿߸ڵĶʱȫûע⵽һѪɫӣߵһĶҲһԶ̽˶
ѪеﶼóϸԹˣɳϻûͣ£һɽڱյûκ˼άֻƾǹɲĵıܣ¡
ץųԵģʹ̽ѪѪһʱϵ۾ʱŹʣʹ̣컹ȥǾ֮Ѫ
֮ѪһϾ͸оһӹǹɻ˿֮У
ӣøˣʲôҲˣʲôҲܣֱ֮Ѫ̽ӣǷյʹ
ˣϲȾ֮ѪǳѪ֮⣬ںѪ⣬һҰ֮ˣ
ûڵûߵһ࣬ѪҲڿ϶Ѫ׵һκ¡֮£һҲҪΪ֮ı
ţûһ˿飬ء
ȻӴѪյ䣬һƬʮɽУ
飡
ѪɫڵʱҳһشӣѪеĳϣҲǸˤ˸ͷĿѣֲ嶫
ԳȫûʲôӰ죬ֻһؿţž֮Ѫ
УϵƤ⣬ֹͣ˸ãҾȻ⣻ֱҪ˿ʹҲʧ
ʹȫʧʱ򣬳ϲٺѪȴһͷأֱӻѪڣ


011 
ѪУĻԣ֪ǺϦ
һԣó˯ʮ죬Ѫڵ˴ľ֮Ѫ˺öѪ⣬ټѪɫĸڴ㹻Ŀͱˣ
ʮ󣬳۾۾ȴһƬڰֲָֻӣȴ⡣
ʲôط
ʳһץءҪһץȴץһ̯Ѫһ⡭
Ȼ󣬻ǰһĻĻڳϵԺѾǧɽɽһһ磬һҪѪɫűѪ̽˶ȫã֮ʣѪڵ
ڵ
뵽ֱӸײϷȴǺ⣬ֻ˷ܵţҳѪڵǲ̥ˣǲȫľѾϣǲǿڿԳִԪˣ
˵ţϥա
û־ʹУ
ĻϲΪʹ̥ǣӿϣ
ʱһһεعȥѪеĳϣ֪ǰ컹ǺҹоôҲʱǣڿտҲ
ΪһԪûУ
ϰ˼⣬аçɽӵһ㵽㣬һһһ飡
ʱȥ
ûʹͬȻûԪڣ
ΪʲôϷ߶վϸϸоһ壬ŷ֣֮ûвҵҪĴʹУΪûˣ
ûˣﻹдʹУ
죬һû湻һˣû˾ʲôʲôĴڣϴš
ʱ˿̣ԸǾʹʮ쳣ϤʹΪóϸоһˣһˣ
ڣû˾ȴúûţЩֻˣ
ҪѪڵѵĵرѵܹ̥ΪʲôͲΪʲô죬Ұ
죡Ϊ˴ң
ϱϾʮ꣬˹¶ټϴ˿ڰյѪڣܵؽŭеĿֻţ
Ȼϲ֪ǣûʧϣ
ҪģΪ鱦ڵ
ѳεѪڵѾٳΪߵˣϢ
ĵرѵһǸĴڣԵĿ
ҲΪˣ̺ԪҩޱȵӴȻ̥ǣ
ǣֻ¾۾ǿߣõҲֱ̽ˣôֻһѶ
ϣ쾭֮ˣð֮ٵþȫ٣ûˣôα
嫵Ԫֹڴˣû˾оѶĽ֣ȴֱӱĺ
ϸоһɽҪǾҪף
ֻǣ쵽һɲǣϺ˾ѪѪóڣñ֮һ̣ҲǳΪһ˿˿⡣
ѪѪϺ븹У͸ÿһ䣬Щ񱬵Ԫȫ˳壬˳Ѫ͸ÿһ䣬ëƤѪֱÿһϸ
ڳϳ˯ʮԪӣͷţﵽ⣬ȫһ飬гµ⣬Ҳȫڽ
˵Ĵڣ˵ϵǿ컯ӣҲţֻ״һѣ
ҲΪʲôû˾ϻܺŵԭ
Ȼڻڿţ죡
֮󣬳ƺˣˣץһ߳Ա˵ðɣ죬ûоûоɣһûǵ¶Ͳ꣡
Ҫңƫϣ
Ҫңƫ
ҪţҪúõػţҪϵػţ

һ˵һ˵аΣַһֵ⣬ҳ˲˰ɣôǸоأ
ùһԵ÷ļ⻮һľѪ⡭

һü⻮ȥĺڰУȴһ𻨣һĽײ
ףϾȣѪﻹнڣ


012 ϲ

ĵʣѪнڣʲôʵĽȻûбɫҺʴڻ
ţѾ֣û˰󣬳һκӣ֪װʲôûʲô
źӣŪ˰죬ŪֻʣһҲûŪ
״ϱһԣ˵ˣȰѶȴѪȥ˵
һⱻǹζϲɸпҪǽ׼ӹһ£϶ζȣôʱûлȥ׿϶ڼﶼȵúżˡ
ҳԱȥͻؼңȻõѪúһ£Ҳ˵ľȫǱƤƤףǹ룻ݣɷޱȵķ
ĥţоһ궯ȴûзϣΪǳѪԭ
ʱĿԶس֮󣬳ڸоӱˣȻϳνУ߸óʱ߿ڴ߿ȴգֻѩɭŹݡ
ô죿Ѫڽգ˲ɣѪƤҲǴ̲͸Ҳͱ߸ɣȥĻǿǱ
üͷΪѪ̽ȴܺúûŵϲ鲻͸뵽νУûбʴ϶ǺܼӲϱ㽫ݷ׼˿һԴһķ϶ȥ
УȻеͷУͬʱҲд۵һϲ۾Ӧ⣬׼ȥûʲôƾӱҲһˣؼõʲôʵģܺͿ컯£ӦûЦ
ϻû˵꣬Ѿˡ֨֨ɫһ䣬һǲȴֲסķҪ
֮£ϸϽȡڲлٻ֮ǰѪڡ
ǣϵӲŸոһ룬ǽȻٻֱϴ
һʱ䣬Σ
ˡһ߶鼱֮£ҧܵƴȫֳס߿ڣ
һţԺǱҧ룬ѪĽʹĳûг֣߿ֹͣ䣬ӽһָ֮࣡

ü䲼ɻɫȴҵץһѾٻĽӣѪڡ
֮߿Ȼϣҵ˲٣
Աа뾶жʮ׵ǰȭȻϣӦȭ۶϶
ϴؿȭͷô󣿡
켴ȭԱߵӴȥÿһȭһŲСˣϣԽԽϲԽԽ˷ܣΪоĴڣҾͲǷǲܴԪ
˽ʮ󣬳ϲͣעȭͷӦѪڵĹ̥ͣˣӵˣ
ϼ˵һһóϴһ
ΪϾɸߣ
ڳϳԾУִӿеڵϣҳһСӣ
ûоһʹþȫһ¡
һأɸ߿գ
ѵһˣϲ
ţڿǰһ
ǣһ磬ִӿеҳһӡ
ûз˺üΣÿеĽǣ䵽ҳһӡ
ʮ֮󣬳ϲģԭֻø߶ѣ˵һ磬Ȼ̤նУ֪ʲôʱܷڿС
Ѿû˾Ԫһ;𣿡뵽ԼĴڣûоȴţûԪȴֺܴ󣻻ǹ֣
ֻҪһţҾҪƴغúûȥ˵һ䣬ùǸٻĽУûʲô
򿪽УϿһɫƥƥͬһ㣬滹ֻ֣֣ҫ۵ĺɫеѪζ
ϸȥѪдɣ


013 Ǭڴ
Ϸʮ½ݺʮأδһܡ
Ͻƥϵһ仰ʱ;˵дѪֵˣҲ̫˰ɣʮδһܣ
ʮ½ҲʮˣȴǴӷ˹Գһ䣬ȥϷһ£ȫƾһϲãƾģһֱ˲ңҲ˵Ľ֮ˣԱþϺֶγ˳ϷΪħӣ
ԭ˽ħӣϴȼУԺȴճħݺ½緢Ļ棬͵š
ʮʱ۾硭
ʮۣ꣬ϾȵŴ죬Ҳϲϣħӣ϶еľţ
һգ㺣ңʱ꣬Ϸչأ֮Ȼ֮أ֮һԺϷ򷢾쳣ȴûзϡʱҡϧ
Ͽüͷ壬
ʮ֮бչأϷҪͻ֮ʱﴳҵıչ֮˵׷ɱȻһİˣ׷ɱϷŭջڳصȫԪ˷ͻƴķɣȻ֣Ҫ֮˻ɱ֪֪ǸȴӱͻɱСҲ֪Ǹİ˽棬һΪѵм۾磬ҵİ£ͬ˳֮˰йᣬ֪·³й¶һɱͻƵҪͷ´˼ƣ
ȻģŮ˺Ǵϲɴ֪ħǰ
޷֮£ǼӺҵҽжϷƴսһдҾϡ
ϣ
һľϣеĿദһҪľǿߣͻؾϣ־޴ĥ϶ʹҪʹǧ򱶣
ȻϣһóǬڵطѣѾǿ÷ŭѣŭһȭԱߵĵϣһ󶴣ŨŨ
ˣɺԲŹңܻϷ˵Ϸɱӣʮ֮ͽһ֮׷ɱϷ򣬶ҪնݳϷ͵ӱһȴھϣﱻ٣Ԫɢ
ϻħӵķŭŭɿһ仰ȴǽڵֻħӵѪдô˰ײߣϷԵˣͽǬһˣǬڣһһǬǬתʵΪؼƷϰΪϷ򱨳ɱǶԼˣһڣΪϷΪϷ򱨳ߣ㣬ȫʬ
һ֣ѪɫԱϱܸоħежޣǹɱе
ϧֻпЦħǰȫޣ켶ƷǰҲãΪǬڴˣ
ײ滹֣ϼȥȴ𶯣
ԭ棬ħ˵֮⣬Ϸһδˣ򲻸ھϣԭϷԴһھ£ȡǬ
ǬǬϲظţƿһϣţ򿪣Ͻ¿֮ڣȻܴԪΪλܣѪֹǣÿһϸΪֲܴԪϷΪ϶ܣֻҪҵܽԪķʽУ
Ѫֹǣϸ뵽쳣״⣬Ϸ򾭹ʵߣ봢͵ʹԪһǿޱȣǱҪмǿ־뾭סʹ࣬ʹ࣬ΪǬŹҪʹʹɣҪľˮԵʹֻࣻҪǬ
ǿᣬ־ͣ⡶ǬֱΪ˳׵˷֮УֻҪٳΪеķֻҪɵԸֻҪܱɾǿߣʹʲôʹ࣬ҲܵסҲܿȥ
ֻϧȱݣһ˹ʺܴ󣬱ʱǻɢ޵Ľ֣ʲô֮ˮĥѡȱݱǣϷûнɡǧѪ֪ôϢҶ̽˸УбԪָ࿹ⷬбȴû㹻Ԫ֧ţտ϶ǱѪɣϷ򽫰ײװڸĺУֻҪѪо;Ժˡ˴߸ȡô˺У˸Ϸ򱨳֮ѰҾϵԵˣϷھȪ֪֮⡶ǬǷ죡

ײħѪдģһ̾ϢѪδ޾ԹޣսĲġ


014 ںη
ֱײѪ֣飬Ǹ֣˼תǧأħǰڸ̾Ц컯Ū˰ɣ
ħǰһţʮ꣬Ҫ𣬾ϺȻԴǸŮˣǸһڵ棬ħǰ˵ܳΪ˵е񡭡
ֿǰŵ߷ѪѪħǰħǰܽǬƣɾǿߣгˣ
ϽײѪ֣ȫؼƷǬתδġǬһֲأӡԺϡ
ľȡ𣬽ǰײջ٣ҽװǸĳκУڵϣ˫ڳһĶӷŽ
ϱӵǰ棬ȻҲǬؾǬתȴѧǰµġǬһҳϱħǰͽܣħӱΪʦ
ҲʦҲҲʦֻʦµĺӣջٵİײҽʦ¹ډV
ʦǰͽѪģʦĳͽص߾ȫƴ౨ֻҪ滹䣬ͷ­ѪʦһɻΥģȫʬ
ͽƴǬƣɾһĴڣ
ڡǬתͽˣʦգǬڵһˣ
˵⼸Ͽͷڵأ̬Ϊ£¾Ÿͷ֮ɽͻȻһ磬ƺڤڤ֮Уħ˳ϷµѪһ㡣
ױ㾭ĥѣǽΪ죬ԲڴʱֿҰʷӼǣѪ¼ʦ¼һ̣ϸӳˣԣǰײССİ׼Ҵ壬ķĴǧ磬ظռǿʳѪҪ븹һʵѪǿĸֺΣأʦ˱һ㡭
ˣʦ˵һԪָػѪڣ϶Ѫ⣬ʦȻȡǱѪҲܾֻǣѪļӲۿǡ
뵽˽ҲٻȥݣƤٺѪ⣬ͦ˼
ЦȫֱϣſѪ߿ڣ˰죬ͿѪ⣬һʮȫ
ߵĹؽڣз϶ɱ㽫ߵƬƤϿһƬЦ˵ҪǵЩ᲻˵˯žѪ
˵ţϱ߽Ѫ°ץУɫڣ˼ɽɽҲû˸һȻȥ׵ģٸߵȻһɽʰѪ
վĿĴȥȻסǷۣл䣬䳾
Ϊڷ֣ڵĵطɽ
ɽϷһǰȥӣáɡݣʮȻûпһϤĴڣһɽһűһŸߴɽɽ
ֱѪѡһ񱼶ȥȻ޹ϲûģֱĸȫ˸飬Ųòȷɽˡ
ˡȻһƨڵϣ׺͵϶ˣ֪ڿ޳ʲôˣɽɽʱ򣬸պ磬׻᲻ΪҲ׸ˣ
ҪΪˣҪϴ棬˵Ѫ㣬ұ̽У׷ʲô£ôط
Уұþؼң׺͵Ϊˣġ
뵽ϱȫվѪʬ岫ݲϢ֪Ѫ˶꣬Ҳ֪ʦǺʱ̽еģҪڼǰ˶òˣ񾳽磬ӵƾõ
ˣûͣ£ǰȼ˴𣬼ʿ߸ѰһԪָ
ˣͳһѪ⣬ԣԡ
ˣһѪѪļ裬ҲϺ˸ɸɾ
ҹͣҲۣ޾ƵģֻȻܸоڵǹﶯ죬ϲջʮǣƬۼףһһѵ֮⣬ҵöԪָ
ҵˣ
üüĳϣ¶һϲ֮ɫ̧ͷһתܣɫȻ䣡
ֻܣȫǺѹѹһƬ


015 
ѹѹһƬȫǳδţûмιޣ
ǣȴȳɻҪɣȴ˴̣˵Ǻܰɣȴһ㣻ƻʨħޣ壬ֻɫܣ˺Ҫ󣻻ߣУŸҲУһͷ
ЩֻǴħޣм仹νСģСײѪĿ⣬ȴ˵ţкΣգ֩룬ƿ𣚣򼡭
ңһȺħޣɫһģڵģаϵģģͨѩ׵ģЩħðŻеĽۣе
˻棬һͷӲܿƵزۣΪ˶ħޣȫܵˣЩײƷ׾Բ͵ħޣ඼ǶģеıУô˿̻ల£
ԺʱЩͷ۾䵽ѪǱķѵʬϣûʱȥп컯Ѫǲһ㣬ôȥȻʣɻѪҺעһС˵һѱ棬ʲôۡǵȵȣȫǾԵıҪ˵ϻЩʹ
ǣЩǾͲԶˣ϶Сĵؽָϣۣڲϣ켴ȫĥȺУӳ졭
𣡡
һХƻʨХһ㣬ħҲ˻̶ִɽȼص
ǰħǰˣħǰǴڱʮΧľأϺܷŭԽŭԽҪԼ侲Ҫǲ侲ĻʣضΪЩħ޵ĸʳȫʬ
侲侲취취˺üħԽԽ
ͻأϷЩħ۾׹⣬Ƕϣ̰ضѪ˲䣬︡һơ
ץϵһ⣬ȫӳȥ
ȻϣѪ⻹ڿУһͷϳнǵߣ̽ӣҪǿ̽üֻҲͬʱѪȥ
ȻޣǼᶨسѪʬһС⣬Ѫʬֱ֮
ϷˣȻ޵Ŀ겢ҲڳѪ֮ǰȳθԣ͵ؼץһѪ⣬ȥʮֻޣת˹ȥ໥ɱ˻
˫۾һ㣬ͣһһѪ⣬˷ȥ
Ϣ֮䣬ϾͽһѪ˳ȥȻʣ֮Ѫ⣬ʱѾˣΪЩѾٶѪʬϣ˺ҧǱ˺ҧ߽Ѫȵƴɱ
ϲ˲ͣٹЩƷƬֻһض·񱼣
ҺãЩޣѪ⣬˲пزУܵķǰѪ޵Ϸ
ҽ𣬳ûлͷɱ׳۳棬ֻƴǰܣ壬һ㣬ɽ֮䴩
жãжԶϲȴ֪ʼڴڴڵشԭڵҲڿʼ˥ߡ
ˣȻûͣ£ƴǰ
ֱֱĶ߲ҲǴ̶ĺͣסӣȺޣӦúԶ˰ɣ
Ȼ󣬳תͷ
ţϿѪһĻֻϽɫܣֻĹĵ۾񿴼ζһ
ֲѪҵⲻóԵģϿЦ˵˵仰ʱѪڵڵĶȻڵѻϵ壬ϽܳҲܵõٵĺ⣬ٱȳѪĺôҪö࣡
ȴǲ֪Ͻܣô֪Ԫ˳ϵӣ
ֻϽܣϵĻſ˴죬¶ɭɭһ˲䣬ǵغĺŶѪȵζֱ˳ϡ
޷תܣϽܱϵľٶŪһ㶣켴ӣһԾֱ䵽˳ϵǰ
δȳסӣϽһŴڣҧȥ


016 Ԫ
Ͻܳҧ
ҲŭˣӱܶңûôףҸƴˣ
ŭͬʱֻ֣ץͬʱϽܵ򢣡
Ͻٴ뽫ΣϧϽĶȴһôҲûϲûе£˽ȥ
ϽҲƤ񣬵бϣۼҲ£ǣǵб
Ѫ۶ƿ˵ϽܵƤˣ
ѪϽܵ򢴦罦ϽܳʹֹĹûзٴſڣҧȥ
ϼԼЧټǴ󶨣¶мЦݣϽܣƾ㣬ңΪֻҲ
˵ţϽҪҧųϵʱ򣬳͵һԾն£Ͻܵͷ£
ѾԹѪٳϽܣ
źϽƺ֪Σսһ㣬Ӵӣǰһ
ϧϽܻһȻͷ˿ȴ̽ıһҵĹ𣬾ҵض壬ϴ뽫ϸ
ɳȴģץס̵ø

Ͻַֻȴ˿־塣
ˣҧңңպýһûԶϾͰ⣬ԣ
Ͻƺ˳˵ʲôӴøˣ˦˦ȥ͵ȥѹڵϣٵ𡭡
ϱôãҲǲ㣬ûϵϽܻôһУ֮£Ͻȥ
ϽֻܲӴܵӣϲЦһ˲ҲüΪ泩վľأХһ
ХϽӴһ飬ӵøˣӵʱ䣬ûӰ
Ͽеٴʵޱȵţ¶˴δйĲЦݣܴùϽ𣿡
ҪǸղ׷һ߶ãͿ԰СѩץһˡţЩްΪѪǼΪβӰ
벻ȻһߣˣǸϽ뿪ҪһֻޣµĲǶǱЩҿɾͲˡ
׼һ򣬳ǰȥǳǧۣܿǧ֮⣬ҲѪ֮أһƬкȫɭɭ׹ǣ֪жޣɱУ޵ĸ֮
һ·ϣڷһҪ飺һ˿ң
ϸϽ˴ƬҶΧϣû˿Ͷˣ
ӣôﶯȸУĪǰϽĶϻûףֿе˳ƥҪҾ߳ȥͻɱ֮ɣǣҲҪı֣ĵҲһȡأ
˼죬ϻǾϣֻһһѻʱ򣬳ֹҪܼԪòôȡˣһ־ܽȼ
󣬳Ͻָۡȣȫںɫճ࣬Ϻһ㣬òԿԭò
ڣӦûܿó˰ɣϰЩʰãԺ￪ʼ˼Ǭ
ϳУʱ÷ɿ죬ۣɫѾûʲô仯оԪĴڣֻЩ΢΢Ĵʹ
üϸϸ˼κĻ֮ԪɽȴûлֻʯľԪΣ
뵽ۣϢԺֳǬԪȥֱﴫϲŴлظ
ãȻ٣ĸоԪĴڣҸоˡļоԪǷݺأʦһԸһġ
ҪԪȴһ£е似ʺңΪе似ȫǴӾмԪҵԪȴҪѪֹϸÿһλ
ô죿ڻûԴ似ı£ȽȫÿһطԪ˵˵ֻҪԪˣʱȻͻˮɣ
࣬࡭
ӵĿ飬ЦҺúܿ죬ԵҲܶ࣬ҪǽϽ£ھͲ÷ˡ
վǰȥܲҵʲôĶϧ˺üʱȴʲôҲûһ·ûʲôħޣ̫˰ɣѵЩ޳ֵԭ򣿡
ͻأϿǰһϲǱضˣҾ֪ʲôطˣ֪׼ҴжԶ


017 Ϲܿ
ֱȥΪһĹִܹ
֪һĹ򣬾ʱ
Ƕѻ⣬а֮Զһȱʲôˣ
ô
ľ׼ʵʵվȥһЩᣡ
ǣûȳվɽЦص켴˳ϼ˻ȥעǰ棬ԭ˵Ĳң
ϼһµľ׳վǰ棬ȵʲôˣ
ʲôˣǴ֪ˣϽŮ˽ǣ
ߣƾֻյ佫𡭡
ˣ㹻ˣȻˣ佫磬Ǻڴʦ磻ǡ
֪ͺãϽ򣬱Ҷǲ
ЦøǵˣǲԣǲǸоȫЩӲǲֽҲʹ
ԣɫ䣬æԪ˵Ӹʹһ˺ȵʲô
ŵضӰɢɫζɢʱ֮ڣ˽֣򣬱ض˶ǶŽҩܽ⣡һչ·֮
ϹСȻʶ㣬ŵӰɢ
佫֮ʹӰɢŵĳϡ

Źλϣ˵糤ǽϣϲ뽹ƢԼղ˵ӦǻϰɣһλǷ糤ˣ
⵭ȻĻǷ糤ӿȣƾһ㣬С椾ƶϳ˭
һţҲȣǸŮӣǣҺ򶨣ʱ򣬾Ȼһ㶼šĿͶ˵ֻһ£磬ͷȴɴò
УֺȵȻ֪ʲôͷ͸֪Ľʲô˰ɣԹԵظ߰ɣ
ǲˣȻϹңվŮǰһӣȵ˵ĹЦǼȫɱˣ˭֪أ
Ůӵ𣬡ңǷң
һ糤˵ʲôҶҷңף
˵Ҫǆ£ʱ䣬Ͻץȥ˵
˵ţ˾ǰȥȻ˶ȴձŮӻýΪһӣС㣬ߡ
塭
С㣬ǵΪǱУ
ţϹһծŮӵ䣬˵ţתܣܵķǡòãǳϲķ򡭡
ץסС椣ǧˣ糤ϸϽȵҪŮ׷ȥ
£ʱŮӻˣһȣն
ͬʱҲǴȳ
ߣնڤƴƾڵ״̬ܶ˺𣿡Ϻܿ˵ȻôҾһ·
߻ɢ
糤ͬʱһǵ似ҲۿһҪض
ǳ۹ᶨɫҰްĴȣ
ãҪԱˣ糤Ͼȥ
֮󣬳ӣըƬ
ڱըͬһ˲䣬˿ֺȳˡ֣
أء
ը糤ϱ죬ˤڵأϵ·ը˸ãǻ³һѪѪȻͦصˣ
벻˹ϣȻԱҪӰɢҩǷӲеԪڶˣԹ޵˵
ȱǣϽץסС椣ҪˣſɾҪˣ
ĵ˵ԣǣСҲ˶ܲ˶Զģ
Ůӵ£˵սֻǷڵʯ֮䣻ʱŮӻδܳʮףнŲ׷
ŮŵȻϣҲ˾ţȻ֪ŵ㽫ϹܴĻѣԱ߻Ҷ뷶ҡ
ϹܿܣǿɾͶ㲻ˣ
ϹܿĶߣϹСļԽԽţһСʯͷˤȥ
ֻǣϹС㲢ûˤڵϣˤһ˵Ļ
ˣǳϡ
ң
ϹܿＱæ³֣


018 
оƱ仯̫죡
ϻھʩչ似նתۼ䣬ǾͺȻԱˣ
һȺҳϵ£
̾ţŮ̫ܵȴͻȻʱϹܿɴ䣬Ȼϱ㿴ԶҲǵľһĻ°ü۽ëһ˫Ө͸۾ˮ˫ûо֣ȴǳ˱ˣ
ȫǱܵķӦϳ˳ȥϹܿ§˻У
Ϲܿ˵ҡ֣Ҳͦ
ڣǾץ㣡ϼᶨ˵Ϲܿһߣվǰ棬˫Өǰ佫ǿߣһƳöȭӵһԾ𣬴һȭͷֱǰĻȥ
СӣҶ£Ӿ
ЦһҲûֻȭϻȥ佫ǿ߹ȻֲǿĻԪϽˮӿȥ
ϲܲȻݺľϵţľβÿȭȭ緢Хһźɫڳϼϡ
ʱϼͷƤսζɵ˺ȴ
ףɻ󣬡Ȼܿס𣿡
ȴûɻ󣬻ȭңٴ񿴹һųϣСӣеŹ֡
糤һ֣ƾгһѼ⵶ֱ̳ţ
ɫ΢䣬ﰵ˼ţ似
ţ϶ȴǲȭ⵶
ʱ飬ȭˣѪ
ϲѪͷϹܿЦһ£ٴο˵˫ʱҧٴλȭϡ
ܼԪĳϣֻȥƴûѧκ似ĳϣֻܺһȭͷ
˼ϹܿûܣҲͲż¶˲̵Цݣʱ䣬ú棡ܳŵסã
һŴһѼ⵶Ϲȥ
ϲˣ˫Ƚ͵һֱǰһȭ£ɳȥڰУһѪ
ȣûиоڵԪô˸ߣҲ֮󣡡
ϽҷɣֳͣȥзѼ⵶ÿһѼ⵶ڳϣϱͣһ½ŲȻ󣬼ǰ
ɫҲ䣬ʵûôǿˣȻֻǸ佫磬Ƕټ֮ǰЩԱԪ˲ᣬ似ȷղŷЩ㻻ǰһʦߣȻҲҪ˲᣻ǰû˿ԪСӣȴѪѣ
ϹܿҲһľȣȵĲǳǿǰˣعͷһЦ
СӺ֣Ҫٺöٰץȥúо˵ţһźѾִϣҲӳһ
ɢԪ̣
Ϲܿһȳ֣ɫ󾪴䣬˿
ˣȴûɢЩ̶֣ȻͷϹܿһЦǻѪҺ
Ϲܿ״˫Һ㣡

Ϲܿ껰ʹ˷ľ㵲ҽ
Ͻ㿴ﱻһȭ˳ȥ
ûж
һʣϹܿһʳģ
ûлشֱȥЩܱϽܵĶҪֻҪǵĶҩһ컯Ѫû¶
״æЯıɢԪ̸ĶϹȥҲǱþȫϵľ룬߷
ϣԲ۲ӵ׷ȥ
ȴһʱ׷ϣ䱻̥ǣڵһأأûóȫټ֮Ѵ佫ߣ߷Ԫ֮£ٶҲǷͬһ㣡
ɢɢݶϹܿһһҩƣĳϣ𾪣ﵽԸӵĵز
ˣȴһ԰ס
˳ţĹ򣬾Ƕ
ǵĶСӸûãˣȥˡ
ͳŵ裬һԶǲ԰׵ɫúŵȻһ㣡
ŻԪĻһȣԭ
ʱϱ㱻һѴΧĻУźơ
֮ԭϹܿһ


019 
ȼգ춾
𣡡
ϷҪȦ
˲̤ʮȴȻΧȴǶųǰǰ
ǰУϱԾȻߣҲ緢ߣʼջųϣ
ԭѳȥ
Цţֺһ֮עǧܽɱǿҪúоһʲôŹ֣Ȼֵܵ˶ľ綾
ã
ӦһҲԪ̽һȣǧ򶾣
ʱȦֶɫĵâе⣬ȫֱָϣ
Ƕ𣡵Ƕ
˲˳ϵƤѪûӳ˿ڴ˽ȥ
ʹ
ֻʱȻҲоʹʹСܵľ֮ʹ£ټϲܶѪľ綾˵Чûκô
ԣҲͲǶʲô˲ֻסȥã
ǣ˳˿ڷսʱϸоʹǴѺʱ̰ʹ
Ȼо۵ĳϣûһţϳһĨϲɫ˫Ŀлһҫ۵Ĺԣʦ˵ҪǬʹͣ˶𣬲һҪҵԪ
ǺܶУϱ˫ϥʼ
ڳǳ൐ϣ⻮һ˿ڣö롣
˿ԽԽ࣬ĶҲԽԽңҲоʹ˿ڵӶɱӣӿʼ
ʹز
ͬʱҲ˷ܵز
ϳʶУʴÿһֶ𣬴ƤëףѪÿһϸ

￴˵ð
صѾ˰ɣ
ӦòᣬС岻һǿ˵Сӵļƣⰲһɣ彫
˵õǣǾʱ
ֱСӻûһۣһͳԪ̷ǣΪʩչȻҪԪҲۺҪлԪʱԪάֲȥˡ
ϹܿУǸΣǰʱĻһЦиʹңȻ޹ɥʱܹԸһ򣡡
ʱȥˣ
˵СӦò˰ɣҪʩչȥɾҪճɻҽˣ
Ӧùˣϣǧ϶ŵ˵
ãǿСӣôˣ
չţ
չĻȴЩȻղŷǲԪо
ɢϥĳϣϴ󾪣ѵû£
Ϲܿϵϣ˿ݺύ飬һĿģ
һξӨ飬ǿϹܿ۽ǻ䣬ţҺ㣬죬ұͬȪ
ϹܿҲԱԪ
һߣںȵСӣ
ûл
üͷַһââڳһһѪ
û¶˵
С̫ڹŹ֣ǡĻû˵꣬϶ˣվ

ڳˣϹܿŴ죬״̬
ղŰʱĶ壬н֮һ屻һ飬ǿϧҪҼʱǸöã˵ҾͿԽԪȫҾͿԣܼܲԪϴʶ˳˵
ϸϸǿ񱩵ĻԪЦڳϵǳ֡
ۣ㶵Ϲܿ۽ǻۣ˿Ц⣬ɢϣȴţղˣΪҶޣ
ųϵЦϹܿҲ鲻Խ¶Цݣ˾ҹٵȴƮһ˿ϲõϡ
ʧڣЦȻһЦǣ
УϸоڵȸУӻȣ
Ͻջ۹⣬תŻλоһʹ
ۣ
⻰˵ĻһѪС̫ǰˣݵţ
ϧǰƫƫˣ֪˵ʵûˣԼֲǰٶ֣佫ǿǧٻء
ҾͲţİٶ֣
еľ綾ȫһԶ˳ˣ
־綾˲佫ϰΧ
ǸֳЦܻӣչ˫ۣһ
һ¶ûУ
׳һ־綾߲ɫһ߲ʶϱ
ɫ䣬߲ʶһڣǹȸУˮ㣬ɽ


020 ϻ֮
ԴӴѪѹ󣬳ϱоһȵĸоֻ¶һһ󾪣ϲʧֻǱһֱûʱúȥ뵽ôһ¶
߲ʶһ壬ȸУͱ˻ڳϵҴܣ
ֻɻóϾúĪûһʹȴյ﷢ţûйĻţ
ɫ䣬Цݣ˵Ҿ˵ƾͣʦľ磬ôֿܵסǵô綾
ɫȴе֣˵׳ȥ߲ϻɢ
߲ϻɢһʱҲˣ켴Ц߲ϻ֮ʱ֮ڣǲͣлŮǱ㼡ѡ߿Ѫ
ϸоԼƲסǹɾȸˣ˵أϻͷϹܿϹܿЦŵɷһƬҰף
Ϲܿӣ˵أȴӣӰɢȫɢ
Ա
ϵԺͻȻֳĸ֣һֱڵȸô¶϶ѪڣѪǸҲ˽ȥֱҪʱ϶ͻ߿ѪһϹܿҲӲǵġ
ȴһֱڿЦղ̲㣬Ϸʱܵͣ
˻ϲԥҪ߿Ѫ֮ǰƴɱȭͷҵĻûоԵģϾ佫ǿߣǣϻ
ǽǸαװòץƴȫһԾ
һԾԸоߣٶȸ죬ҲѵǰԵʣ
ͳõЦһСӣҪǸɱ𣿹
ڻĿЦУѾ˲ư䵽ǰϽעȫڳϵȭͷϣǰ˳һȭڻоõʹأ
ֻϧˣԪԲĻܵٶȱǰ˺üһϣûʹȭң̶ֱȥ
ڷϵȭͷûн
˻ؿڣһӦѣ״ЦݣϿŻףһܴ͸ģ
ǿһ˿ԪҪϣ
ڻԪȫȭͷ֮ʱоһף̽ؿڡ
ȥɣ
ȫĳϣһŭȫǰһֱ̣Ӵ͸˻ؿڣ
⡭һ𾪣оڿɢ˼ţôܣõӣôܴ͸ҵĻףΪ
ʣԶҲ𰸣Ȼ֪ɱĲһӣܻѪƬ
ֻɫ۾һͷȥĿ
ϣȻ׷ɱȥо챬ըˣҪҵȱڷй˼Ѿơ
ȻǸùӲԾȴҲû̫ӣǿһùӽ𾪣ɲʱǵӿϽӴóһѻԪһ£Ԫٻָ
ɷո»ԪϵӰ㵯ȥȼ۵Ҫ죬ֻڿһӰڷҪٵʱ̽ĺ󱳣
˲䣬͸
е˼һֹͣͻˣô꣬һʧļƻͱͻȻĳҰһĹСӣˣ
ңͻ佫ǿߣȻûԪС
ģٲģҲֻܵ
ϺȻɱŵǸңһиһиͽӣеԣе˼롭
Ϲܿϵı֣Ϊ𾪣ٿ˱ɱҲһɡ
ɽţϹܿ˫Ѫ۾һƬǶ˾ĵ
һһϹ߽ܿ
ϹܿϵĵȻ֮ɫʧŻŰĿ˵ҪҪҪ
ʧȥǵĳϣȻͣ˽Ų˫ۣѾ߸߹һƬѪ죬޾ʹ࣬ͷǣ۽ǡǿסǣѪȫǽִëףʼѪֲ·Ҫһ㣬Ҫը
Ϲܿ⣬ҲЩ̣ȴϣţϣ漣ܹ
𣡡
һХ
ȻͷҰް㣬͵سϹܿ


021 ˻
ϵ壬ܿס𣬿ڵҪλļƬҶȴͳ˻ҽͷҲûˡ
ųϷٿӣȵѪ˫ۣ൐壬Ϲܿиһʼ鴤ʼΣ
Ϲ֪߲ܿʺϻɢһ־綾
֪ȴģıˣ
ǴŨѪζϢֱϹܿı꣡
ţϵһ˿ҵҲ̩ɽѹ㣬Ӳ壬˵ڵأصĴϢĶ𣬱壬ڳ֮ⷬ£ش
еĴеǻۣھԵǰȫʧӰ٣ڵ̧һ֣һ£һûˡ
ΨһܶģֻǱ񣬿Žߣȴɻ棬·ôҲӣһξӨ۽ǻ£
ϱ߲ϻɢѪڵңյʧȥǣҰؽһ˺˸飬˲¡
ûо£˿̣˵ıܣʦͨ
˫ֲͣϹܿߣͬʱûκεǰ׼ϧֱ̬֮ذ׶
ҵ˺ѸУϹܿҪߺҧ촽ǿšһŮ캰أ򱯷
еģֻ侲;ǿֻҧסʹֻǲ԰µĬĬܣֻһֱϵȼų޻档
ϹܿģľϢأͦ۽һſż֤Ҿ徻ľӨ飬ȻŮӣڵأȻ顣
Ĳ飬ǿģ
ãֹͣŰκҲɷƽ˾
һйע֮󣬻赹ڵأʡ£
Ϲܿȼų޵Ļ棬žʹ϶һԣɱ佫ץ׼˳ϵţԥأֱȥ
׾ٱ̽˳ǿ壬ѪѪĶž黨ʢڳš
ֻҪ̽һ֣ϵʹս᣻ҪΪǿߵ룬Ҳ֮ţ
ǣϹ֣ܿסˣҲ̲ȥ
ڳؿڵѪϹܿ˵ġڣǾץ㡱ԲлȴȻΪԡѪƴͷһЦ𶾵ΧʱĻ飬˿Ȼúûʱһϲ֮顭
Ⲣı⣬Ǹ߲ϻɢ
Ȼ䵽ŵϹҴһѣԼҲиҵ³
ѵ⣿컯Ūˣ
һ˵ġ˻ᡷϹܿϣһһ
ϹܿΪǰȥһ޾İˣ᲻ѣ֮ˮ㱼ڣƴ˿Ҫһᣬȫкڴˡ
֮ϹܿĨȥ۽ǵˮָֻ˼ݣײײߵߣϵĴָ
ָ˵Ҳ֮
ϹܿɵһԪĽҩȫ˳Ѱ죬ѰӰɢĽҩ
½ҩʱ֮ϹܿڵӰɢ綾ȫȴûȫָʱ֮ƹϵĵطʹѣ
Ϲܿʹһ֮ȴ֪Ϊʲôľĺȴ޷һ˿תͷȻڻеǸӣ˹ȥһʰڵдһ֣һȴң´ȡ
ϹܿߣȴǽǱ濴ªųѪһͬߣϹܿҲ֪ΪʲôҪԲΪȻ״̴˵Ļףϣ̴ܴ׵ıȥϹܿҲδȥʲô
ҲΪйذɣ
Ϲܿˣϻڻ֮С
УϸоһΣμԼһֻޣ޲оеĶǻ˫Ө͸Ǹȥ˺ȴƲסʹ࣬ʹ֡
ʱ򣬳ϴӻ˹Īأ۽ǣһᣡ
Ĵȥʬ壬һƬսеļ䣬ٴӿͷҰް㣬˫Ө͸ȥ

һŭ𣬺ô˺ԸԼҲ˺ϴţϻδϵ˿ڣٴαѿѪɽ
ɤӶˣúȳѪ˿ϲȻĹڵأȻ󣬿һ֣󣬳¶Цݣһҵģһҵģһҵģϡ
ɽ䣬þûص


022 
һѪʢڳϵţԵЩ죡
ϸûȥ˿ڣ壬Իָǿ˿Ҫ֮ʱȴһ̳Ѫ
ҪؿڣһֱʢǶѪֱҵ
ܼ̲ԪĳϣȻϵķʽľȡ𣬶󽫻ʬ壬ӽ˴Уûнϵ·Լϣһ˻УȫΪһѻҽ
Ͽɲһ·Լ鷳һˣδɣɲ뱻ɱ
ңϲԲҪصߣǲҪģҪʦ𣬸һڣʦԸ
УϻҪҵ
һ㸺ģ֪ڵݣڵʵ䲻㣬ǡĿ⣬Ӳ꺮ҶԼǿ
Ȼȫջ٣öָǱڻУֻڵָ֪ô֪ܼԪҲֻ̾
ʬ𼣣һжʰ׵ɭ֮ȥ
ϲʶ·ȫƾŸоⴳֱҹĻֽʱϲ߳ɭ֣
߳ɭֵĳϣԴĵһ£ʲôǿߵ·ʹһ̿ʼҲʲôöֺŻĿƪ
ģӣ
ûгԷټϷѾȫƴɭת˰죬Ͷǰźˣͷۻ
û߶Զϱ㵽һӣȻҹ˿ɲ٣ָ˶УߺŵСо׳ĺӣа׷ԲԵˣһȺڽϺȥĺͯд޶˵Ůˡ
Сڰ׼Ҵ峤ĳϣǵһμôֵĳ棬һʱ䣬Щס
ϴ˿̵Ĵ磬Ϊ죬൐ؿڴѪϵǿ鱻װۣ֮ŵǿҶҲҶ֮䣬һҰģ
˵ִ磬ôҲ˵ĹעɣȵȣȻϿģȫһƬĮȻһƬϰΪŸҥĺͯŴߴûһ˿ͣ
ӣе֣ܲƽ
ǳϵĵһоȻ󣬳ϱȥҵ㶫˵һţһЩҲĶ
Щ죬ʮɽ淢ʲô£
˭֪أΧЩħȫʧӰ٣ͺЩħޣûʮɽгֹһ
֣ʮ꣬ûĹ¶
ӴԺʮɽħҲ˰ɣ
ôܣ˵Щʦ佫ǿߣ׼ʮɽȥһʲô£
ҪʮɽûħޣҲͲˡ
ǰףղ߹ȥǸˣе˼

ǸҶסСӡ
ղŽķǴʮɽģ
ǰɣᣬ֪ʲô򣡡
ѾԶˣղЩȴ˸ŵ˽⣬ӽƬɽʮɽ˵Щħʧ¼ֱѪЩۣĪĹϵ
ϻһʣΪʲô˵ʲô򣿡뵽뵽ǸУ֮⣬˵ҪŮӣȥʮɽʲô
ţϵһҿջƮյó϶ɽеζ̿ˮ˽ȥһſ£ʳͣеĻعͷһۣ켴תͷȥ
ʱһ߹ȫûʲôǵͷӣûЦݣֻӲԵʲô
ʲôԵģЩһ䣬Ȼ׼ҴСƫƧɳҲ֪ԶҪҵĵЩһʱϣǿһӶûС
Ҫʲôʲô䣬һޱȿ
ͷ𣿡
٣
ʮɡѡ˵Ķ
ٶȺܿ죬ʮȭͷͷ顱һ˳ǰ
ðͷʲôҲ˲ˣһץסһڴڵҧ
ɨҶֻʱ䣬ϱ㽫ʮͷȫɾ
ȻʮͷɳϻǸоܶǺֺʮ𣿡
º󲻾ãʮͷַ˳ϵϡ
һأû߿ųϷư̻ʮͷʵҪ𣿡
̧ͷһۣһݣ˵ͷ
ʮͷʮͷʮͷ
ջʳͣȫע˳ϵϣΪڲʱʱ㽫һٸͷװ˶
ʵҪ𣿡
ʵ϶ӻеԼԵе㲻˼ˣԣҡҡͷ
ٸңʮָɴ˵


023 
ٸң
֪⼸ֵ˼Ǯ֪֪ǴһһٸͷҪٽң˼ǣÿһͷң
Ұǿǹ׼Ҵһˣ
ңȻֻһͷ
ʲôֱ𰡣Ŵ죬ǻƶִ˳ûнң
ҡҡͷǸ⣡
Ͼ𣿡
ҡҡͷҶûУϾң
ƷԪʯ𣿡
ҡͷϾԼ˵ƷԪʯʲôû˵
ϵħ޺𣿡
ûУϵйһֻѾ档
ʲôֵǮ𣿡
һ룬ֵǮĵУǸҪǻͷƳʮӶԲɣƬۣǸǸָӦҲеðɡ
ǣһжóóͻɱָ֮ó˵ҲŲ鵽һЩ˿
ˣһҡͷ
ҡԣҲûвȻŭǰǱ˵Ҳ˵ǳ԰͵ˣ˵ţѾƺҪ֣ϱһ١
ҿ԰£һٸͷǮ˵õ԰취
ƽ´һۣʲô
ҪʲôҾʲô
ųǻʵӣ˵
ϸŻƣȥʳͣųϣ¶˹Цݣе۾ﻹͬɫ
һУ϶ס
ȵ˺һƬյأ˵һľ꣬Ϳˣ
ϿһľģʱסˣǰһľģǼֱһСɽ
Ը𣿡
£ǳէز죬ҲԸ⣬عͷһЦܷ𣿡
ֻҪ㸶𣬳ʲôʲô
Դ˼˵ܲٸҳʮͷ
⻰Į㲨Ļƣϵһ¶˾֮ɫųǸմϱߵӣţĶװ£һ
뷨ûбʾָֻĮ˵ýǿڸӵˮ
ǸӣϴһãӲǰֻĸӣһѡ
ɳû꣬һγ鴤Ϊ˵ȡˮҪһСɽжʮȡٲˮ
ֻ㶵ͷ
ˣܿͽʮͷ͵˳ϵǰϿʮͷĿЦǰڰ׼Ҵʱ򣬶ͷˣڣһٸͷȴֻǰ뱥ѣ
ҲҪԶٲŹ֪Ѫ⣬ôҪϸ߰˽ܸо߰˽Ѫߣ̺ǿӴޱȣЩ治һٸͷܲġ
⣬ԼЩ仯ǿġòӥõƣʮͷ˸ɸɾ
ץһԵĸͷʼ
տʼϺܲȻ޴󣬿ûһ׼ͷһӿȥľˣͷȴؿǴʯͷ档
ֻá顱һʯͷȻʼѳ϶ķѲ֮Զ
ϿǰĻ棬סˣ㶵ò˴󣬶ǸͷˣſջĹŹƸͷҲҪģ
Ƶһʱ˳ǰ龰һϣţСӣŹְûԪȻܽʯͷⷬģ
ýʷ˵һѸͷ൱һǧͷ
ϵ죬ŵǽһ
ûᣬʮ죡
ֵͷӰʧڳ˵ʲôΪʱֳǰݸһѸͷСĵ㣬¸ͷٿˣʮ죡
ͷʵûиһĸͷ
Ҫأ
֪ʵ̫ˡϺʵ˵
˵꣬ų߳ջߵһ˺üһޱ߷ͷ˵һصĸͷ
ʲôʱҲҪͷͷȤ˵ӳһѸͷ˵ʮأϣʮϾҾˣҪǱĻһϾҾ͹ˡ
ͷ˵ƽкǾ˫˫űʾͬǰǰƸͷȻ˵ֵһǧͷһ£ҲʮϾңҪһѸͷǻ
ϻû꣬Ϳһץǰڸͷͷǳ˳ص˺УתԳ˵ԣ


024 ؽ˰ٽ
Ͻӹʮĸͷһ˵
ҲϻֱתĮ˵ͷٻһصģ
ͷˣ˳һۣ۾һĨ΢΢֮ɫȻ׳һѸͷһٽ
ͷٶԾúܿ죬ֱһ̽ͷ㵽תݸϣ
һץ˵ǲ
صģһ䡣
ͷȵʲô𣬽סٽ
ͷһһβһֻֻ֣ϿɫĶںϸ֡
ɫصؽ·ͷĹƣͷһε˳ϵУҲһ˵Щᣡ
ûиصģ
ͷȵ㵽ĹСӣ

ϸź߽˷ͷͷ½ϴһָϽǵһӣ˵ﶼٽϵģȱǲǸͷ㿴ûֵġ
ϾˣǹֵֹģҲԣֱߵżȥץһ
ͷǸ¶ȣٽ
£ҡҡͷץԱߵһѴ󵶡
նİٽ
İٽĴ󵶣ֱϷ£Աһֱе˵ַ࣬ȥ
ͷתź˵Сʲô
ҡҡͷ֪ҿջһٸͷûǮԸ
ۣ
ͷһڣ˵Сһٳһٸͷ
ǡ
ǻãҾ˵һٳһٸͷǻ𣿼Ҳˣ
ͷĻ˵꣬Įؽ˵һٳһͷ
ȡȡ
ͷһû˳ùԳûƭͷӣ
ңҿûгԱӡ
һأͷٷʣ΢죬תȥȴһƵǵƽǽȵؽ˰ٽ
˵꣬㿴ת˵Ӧúˡ
ͷһۣӱ˴˵У˾ȣ˵ҪؽҲҪʹԪҪ뵥ƾǾԲܵģ
ͷͻʲôӰһͳڳǰڳϻûӦ֮ʣץס˳ϵһ̽ҪڵԪжۺ
һ̽ˣ
ͷһ㣬۾ɵԲԲŵôǾκˣ
üʵôˣ
СûûС
ʲô
沿Ҳŵس鴤ŵʵͷ˵ģ
Լԣ
ǲţһ㴵۾ûգ꣬ͳڳǰץס˳ϵһֻ
켴Ҳһܰ㣬ڵ
ϿǵľģһﶼֵֹģҪشڣҲǵľȣ϶Ҫɣǲһ磡
ңϿ֪ʲôǿߣǲ˼ӣӿһˬУǰװˣ±ɵ˰ɡ
ܣԲܣûоˣôܻţǺĻ
ţܵ˰ٽؽͷ
ͬʵСӣһдʵ
λǰ˵ʵڻҲ֪ô¶ҴСôģҲûʲôԾ޹˵Ȼ˵ʵǿܣ
ͷ˵۾ŵȫǲţ
ǿһģЩ˸ϳûʵλǰѵûоͲܻ𣿡
ͷֱһͷΣûоܻˣôܳô
һʱ֮˺ŻعͷʵСӣϾң
ϲ֪ͷôʲô˼ȴʵصһʮͷһ൱һǧͷĸͷʮϾң˰ɣ
湻ĵģһøͷ಻һöң㾹ȻҪ˼ʮϾңͷ̴򱧲ƽŭ
ָĮֱ˵ؽǮҪˡ˵ֶ꣬Գ˵ؽڿջҸ꣬ؽģ
ؽͷӲͷͨ죬Գ˵ؽ͸ˣֻҪҸɻ


025 ֮
ͷ˵ǰؽ͸ʱﻹĿ᲻ܷܷ᲻ᱥҪǣ᲻Ǯ
ҪǮĻͱȥٻؼˣÿպҹ˯ĻҲһٷǮţɲǰ׽еģ
ͷ˵ؽ͸һϲؽͦϲģУҲҪһѳֵϾǲóģ˼Ǿͻ
ؽܳ֡
æ˵Сӣҹ㱥ҪԶ٣Ҿ͸٣ֻҪӦڿջ
ģæʡ
Ⱥش𣬷ͷֺСӣǮȫ㸶ˣ⣬ҲܳԱӣжٳԶ٣
ϻףΪʲôһ¾֣Ȼ˰Ǯ
ͷԵǶ̵ȥ
ôܳԣͷҳٶˣͷ
һЩ㶣ٶꣿٶˣôãүүʲôߣ
ͷĻĮҪʲôʲô
ͷӿȥ򣡡
򣬳꣬ȥ򣿡һ仰ͷҭס켴Գ˵ؽߣԵδԵζ
ҪҪ⸶Ǯʳ⡣
ãֻҪҸɻС
ҪɶãϿɲһӣϻ˺ܶʹһծ
꣡
ꣿЩüĴȥ֮ҪҳԪķ
ͷԥæǰ˵СӣңֻҪ꣬Ϳɣ
һ꣡
ȷͷĻ£˦֣ȴţķˣҿ㻹ô뿪꣡
ֻһꣿ
ϾһܽܣҲŪطǸʲôĴڣжԶһڵϢ
˵㻰³ĸ֣
ǺðɡϵͷϾһٱȻܺģҲ㲻
̧ͷߣ֪ͷһȣǰ棬ȵ˵Ҳؽ뽫˴ߣҲÿԸⲻԸ⣡
ͷܣ
ʹ˭˭ͷ˵ţͶŻŻһĻɫҲǺɫҲǳƵɫǰɫ׵ôۣ
رǣŻôڵģǺʵһ㣬ͷԲУתתȥ
ɫ棬۾ҲһݣȻǰĮϰٱͷģ
˵أ
Ϊļ֮Ҫܣҷ㣡
ðǾͷһӣģȴɣϾά֮𣬿ҪԪģĿģһѹϣ֪ѶˣҲϵע
۾ͷҾһܣˣôСӣ
ã䶨ˣ
ҪˣòҪţ򣬱ҲҪֻ֪һ
Ļͷеĺɫ磬Ҳһ£һ𣬡ٷϻȴ˵
δ䣬źɫ磬ֱȥ
źɫ磬һͷģһɽƵģϵĺˮð˳
ңʹ˲ʹȫϴǸĶ𣬿ʹǧֹ

ϴһ³Ѫ̱ڵأ
һֱĮĺŭͷҪ˰ӷǲĹͷɣŭţ߳˦һ֣һˮĻڳǰ
ͷ״ɫҲһ䣬Ҫ̥סˣȫ˳ȫֿס֮
ǳȥ򣡡
ͷ仰һ˵꣬һ֣ǿֲĺɫ֮ʧֻǷͷĽŲ΢΢һ٣Ӱһ
һ˲䣬ʹ䡱رը
ڣɫ֮һȥͻָƽʱ¶ȣеǹɾʹУҲʧ
Ȼûʵش֮ڣȴŴӵȥ
ۿ֮սҪģҪץסκһᣬǿԼϸҿ϶Ǻɫļ֮Ҫǣͷֲˡ
ԣĴûᣬȴܴģ


026 
棬Ѿˮ磡
ɫڿƮȻըһˣŷͷ֮ˮɿ˲ҵļ֮ɣ
𣿡һߣˮǧߣ
£ͷԴϿգֳһٲֱͷ
ͷҲֱһŻϿУǷֱµ֮ˮһɫļ֮𣬾ͱ
ɫ䣬ȳ֣
Ǽ䣬ֱµˮŷͷֱ
Ȼһ֣Ȼܽˮɱͷ̾գ˽ָˡ
һƬһȣһ䣬ϵˣԶԶģʵôˣ
ȻƬˮȥĴ򶷳Уϥһˣ
ˣǳϣ
ûпѤõĴ򶷳棬˫ۣż֮ĴʹţӶھҵĲ
ϣû뿪벽
Žڷļ֣ϲ֪˶ãֻ֪һը׺һͷԵڵأ
ͷҲͬʱѪȥͬʱֹסΣԷȥǼʽǵ÷ֳʤɡ
ʱͷһ߻赹ĳϣæеס֣Сӻ赹ڵˣ
ͷһǰһܣʹܵ˳ߣͷҲͬһʱڸǰ˵С̫죬򶷣˶ԶԶģǻ߽
Ǳļ֮ˡ˵ţϾҪߣͷϽǰ棬ǻûзֳʤƾɶߣ
ܵļ֮𣿡
ƨΪ֮𲻺ķԪ㿴ƽõʲô𣿡ͷ˵
ҪػԶһܣܲţǻķӣǾͲܹˡ˵ýεΣ˭óĲ
ͷͬʱͷϽǷһ£ֻǸӣһ뱻֮ճ˻ҽһȴŪǧٿס
⣬һӣͷȻ˵
⣿Ƿӵĵһľͷ͵ֵʮƷԪʯǲơ
ľͷֵʮƷԪʯ˰
ˣôˣһͷңһѸͷʮϾңһľͷͲʮƷԪʯ𣿡
Ϊ㡭˵ţ߽ȥ
Ϊ˲ɣ˰죬ԪҲʧò˰ɣﶢųϣ˵ͷ˴ܣΪСӣ
ǣͷؽͷʹˡϽϣͷҲһ߸ͣͷӾǲ
ĪΪֻ̣겻ɣǰҿСʲôֵģȻ
ͷͬʱȥֻһЦƽðһǽСӽңȻ㲻ˣ

Ļ䣬Զʹһ֣켴ǽȻ˸ľ
һȵ㣡
Լֵǰһͷͼһɫѿۿźųȥ
ͷ뼧ｻ̸ͬʱһͷס˺
ôҪ֣һȣ
ȼͷش𣬿Ʈһô֣ôٵҽأ
䣬һӰʹӿֱ˵룬ǸľҲľмűˬʵЦжʮû˰ɣҪúôһ
ã
Ȼ䣬˵ǼˣͷɽȸԾȥһҲ
ߺϵˣֱӵӣϾ㶼Ǿ֮ɫȻͬ죬о
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
˵ǰ߽һСӡ
һСӣ
Щ۵ʱ򣬺ɽϺ¡¡ɫɫɫɫȥһѾ޵֮𣬻֮ˮ˸ʱǸɽͷѾӲһ룬ֱ֮ʱսֹ̲ͣ
ΧȦ㶼Ǳм䣬ųϣ


027 һȤ
ǹ̥޾ȴ˰ٽؽСӣҪˡ˭ҪҾ͸˭Ĳ˵˵꣬Цð㣿СҪˣ
ľ
Ȼֻ˵һ֣˼ȴҲҪϣ˶òټĻȻѾϰߡ
ιιιСӿȷֵġͷܵýһ󵽰ɣ
ҡҲ
һۣȻûһ˳Ĭһ֮󣬷ͷ˵СӾûУֲԪǸҪͷͷֻøҴ
ǴĻһ˸ҲûԪ˵ͷ졣
ǳĬ
ˣҶˣо̥ͱЩСϷˣԼԸ˭
ã
ĳһ֣㿪ʼ˵ȴ
ʱ֮󣬳˹һоʹ֮治Ǹǵģ𶾻֮𣻵ڶоǶö
ۣΧԼˣȫ֪ʲô£˵Сӣ˰ɣߣԱ
ͷ󣬡СӣҸǰؽ
Ҳ˵Сܵܣ·ûУ·ȥ
ޣ㶼ϰˣ㣬治죡Сӣߣøǿ˵
ĻϲΨһƾ̣Ǿǿòˣû˵ڣ˵һ֣
ͷϽ˵ͷӽ
϶ҲĶģûȡᣬֿʼһֵ
ǵҲҪʲôǴϲΪ˸պԪҲҪԪܹǶ
뵽һƣ˵λǰܲʼ⣿
ʣһأ˶ǰ㣬˵һ֡
λǰСҾ٣ͲԪҲܸŸλѧ似ΪʲôںСӣ
Ϊʲô㿴ûоúúõ𣿡Ǽӡ
ҡҡͷ
ԣǾҪооˣҲøǿһȤ
۾һ⣬ԭԼ˼ҵоǿ²ˬʵҿɲͬʱλǰ
һ㶣ͬʱˣ㿴ңҿ㣬˵ҲֻˣҪȻǶ꣬Ҳֲʤ
˵ͷͬƻɸոս⣬һˣǾȸ˭˭ãǵĻ˵˭ооõ⣡
ְڵóһۣһ죻ʣһȸ˭⣬ǽ˳ϣָָΪʵ̫ˣ
һĻĮϣȻų˿˿Цݣ켴ųɽȥȥ֮ǰ˵֮ǵýʮɽȥ鿴һ£׳ʲô£ҲӦúʮɽҪԣ
⣬Ҳɫصص˵ͷ
һλصջʵʲô֣
ԥһ˵ƣû˵һУ˵һΣõƣȴϹֵܿг
Ҫʲô
𣿡һûٿȻǰͷζܲʵ̫ЩǲñȽϿ죡
ҽ
ųϵ˳ܳԶ٣Ҿ͸٣
ллǰɫһϲץϵͳͽ⣬һɨ⡣
ճִ꣬ӳһ⣬Ϸſ˶ӣʹųԣݹ⣬ҲԽԽ󣬵һֻħޡ
սһʱϲŴһãĨһѶͷĺˮ˵ˣ
ˣУҲܳ¡
˵ʵ濴һĻ˵ݣ켴ȥ
ڸղԵ⣬ʲôо
ϻŷ֣ղųԵ⣬ÿһζһǶһͬ㣬ǾǺóԣʮֵĺóԡ
룬˵ȻԱˣǾ͸ˡ

һ·ؽȽǿˮˮţҪȡˮٲֱһ̶ˮ
ûж·ϰ˰ٽؽټľͰ˵Ǹٲȥ
ųȥıӰ૵ĴѾһ漣Ǵ漣𣿡


028 ٲҰ
Ҫȡֱһ̶ˮ
ǰϰɸߵٲļˮкڶ£װ죬ˮһʱˮţŨŨˮ
ݷްµˮ֪侢жԻس̶ʯĩ
ϾҪٲĵطȥȡˮ
ûк£ûһԥѸѵȫѣȻҲؽʱһԣˮУȥεģܵٲĳϻӿһϢĸо
װ޴켸ǿٲֱҪЩʯͷһ㣬ǣ
ûӣϱѵشٲ֮´˳ˮУ¶ͷٵĺſһѪɫȫ΢΢죬Ѫġ
ãҪ˵ӣֻ±ײһ£һغ˰ɡԺͷһһĨᶨ֮ɫٴεٲ֮£ļˮţ
֣һҪ֣
ͣظԼžǬˮԪɸһʹһɾʹ̵죬պȻŵˮʱָо
һأûмȥֱٲΪ뵽ˮǿ˻ģü֮壬Ȼʹޱȡ
𣬽ˮ˵ѲҪûԪӴһ飬Ԫһ飬ȻǽԪԪ֮ˮԪ
ţٲ棬ĥûˮԪ֮ȻǷͷʹӷͷʼԪ壬ھøֻǿȱ㹻ǿ
γϼ߷ӣϢƬ̣굽ٲ֮¡
˷ӣ
ʮӣ
ʮһӣ
ҹɫҪ֮ʱҲֻٲ¼ʮһְӣڰߣͷ죬ʱԽԽãÿһ룬ޱȣ֪ʲôʱֵܼʮӣ
ȻϻͰ̶ˮװֻͰ·΢΢Ѫĺ֮ˮȴᶨƵȥ
ˮڸ󣬺ֳһĮ׼ˣ
ллǰ
Ȼ˵ҪΪ̥оҲ֪ҪоʲôǳϻǺܸжģȻ֪ٲµһĻһĻȫ˺
ȳϴԶسһٺ󣬺һСһҰӣ˵ȻϲؽؽЩҰӵƤˣͷ룬òҪһͷѣ
˵꣬Ҳȳϻػˣߵſ֮ǰһ仰㻹ȱؽͷ룬Ͳзԣ
ϿصҰӣûһ˿ڣȴòٿеؽð˰ٽؽȥһزҰӣЩ֣һʦȴˮԪ˵ҪоңȴҽҰøƤ޹ȥ⣬ʲôǽɳʦɣ
ʣϵкܶܶ࣬ĿǰҪȴǽҪһֻȫ룬ҪȻûˣ
ؽӣþ廨һ
һնȥѾúҰûѪģ
ϸĽնΪỮڶֻҰøոջһֻҰñͷѡ
ֻҰãССģڸƤ˶ϣҪһֻáꡱһҰֻˣ
ڳϴС֪Լ˲ͬҲ̵סį֪ϣȻβ롢ִŵ͡çɽԷͬһ㡣
ҪȻ˿̳Ͽ϶ķֲ꣬ȥ
سһץ˵ֻӡ
ڰֻڶʮֻʮֻ
㻮ڰʮֻӣϲŽһֻӵƤȫָʱѵʱ֣
ϲ˷һӵʱ䣬Ͻ޹ȥ⣬ȸƤǧٱǺ΢һ㣬ǹͷͶˡ
ˣϷָֻӣȴȻûгɹϵĹͷ˵ɸĹͷʵ̫ˣ̫ˡ
˽۵棬˵۳һѴһֻڿУˢˢˢʧҰƤҰ⡢Ұùͷ߱˿Ƥûһ⣬ͷҲûһ⣬ң״ȻһֻҰõӣ
ˮȥɣ˵ˡ
Ŀɿڴ


029 
ϿŶӣٲȥԺһֱźǾһ
ǱٲǾ޴ѹźǵǴӺδַ֣Ƥ⣻ʶռ䣬ģźĶһһ顭
̫棬֪УȻٲ¼ʮӣŵ˾ʹļޣƬ֮󣬳ֽٲУھʹѹ֮£Ͻǻӽʽֱǿ̵˹
ѭʱѾٲʮ߷ӣˮͰװˮٲ󣬳ûڵϴϢؽʶռĻչֳ
һ飬Щɬȫչʾʮ֮Ѿģ⣬ϲؽȻøˣҪԼɣ
ԶɽһпĮϣһ˿΢Ц
ϽˮջǼӣҰãؽڿз裬ȳսҰѾ뿪ֻ⣬Ǻǰ㣬ԾҰõģ
Էˡ洫ϸϽȥûˣܵһϷŵ⣬ȫ⣬Ϻࡱ죬һֻãһֻãһһڣҧȻζòôӣÿһӵζǲһİɣ
һʱ󣬳϶ӽоȸʤһٶֻӣÿһֻӵζһ
ϣóȥٲ棻ҹóϷҰãҪﵽֱ׼
ڶôȥˣ
ڵҹĻʱٲ´϶ʮӣֽҰҲ˰˷ֻ
ȳϸսˮڸһ㣬³һ֣ߣ
ϸȥıӰţÿһ仰ֻһ֣湻ֵģ
Ŀĵ֮Ӹһ飬˵ǣ
Ϸ飬ûз棬潲һҩвͼˣҪⱾ飬ȫ
Ȼϲ֪ǵ׽ʲôоףЩסˣãԣ缢ƿʵıһ滨ҩݣ
գڳϰѸҩԴʱϵĴʦϵߣȫʮɽ
һȥֱҹʱֲŻ
Ϻǽô鵽ʲôûУ룬ǿ϶ǰ׷ѣֻ˵һ֣˭ܲ³澿˶˼
ҲûϣֻóϿǱ飬˵ʱ򣬾ȥѾ׼óԵġ
֮󣬳ϵ˷ͷԭڳϵΪͷӦǱȽϰ˵ˣ֪ͷҲһ֮ˣֻӸ˳һʮص飬һóʮ鴸һ
Ͻеʣ﾿һطϹһڣͷʩŻԪļƻȫֻһһ£ҵû飡
ͬʱҲʼԪĻԪǱȽġ
Ϊƴûʮ飬ڴϻǺĵãϾǴСͿŵģԣֻһʱ䣬ôһͷֽһ£켴һ̾ϢҪǸá
ͷĻû˵ֱ꣬Ӹ˳һһٽصҪɰأ
ȻϹٽ飬ĻԪҲŨ˽һ롣
űǼңֱӣֱϸˣ˳һڲͬ࣬˵ܲ˾
ĿܲˣգѹֵգܲˣЩӣҲûпֵĳ棬һӱú壡
ǣȴֻнЩҪľǿԼʵţʮֵѣֱ˸оһ룬ҪʧƵģҲ֮£ҧʼԪúصԪ塭
һߣͷˣּһ𣬽˵ΣҲһضȲͻˡʲôõİ취ûУ
û˻شֻгĬκ󣬼˵ѵǾ𲻳ɣѵǾʹ˲ɣ
ߣߵȥȴû˵֮˽ʲô֮򣡡ͷԳ˵
˵һ֣
ðɣǱƵ·ˣһһ˾ͺƴˣ
˳صص˵ͷͻ˵Сӣô

һأĵص³֣ȫȵؿ


030 ʯ
֣ϣһҪסû·ˣֻǰҧǰǰǰ·ǰʣµľֻл𣡡
ϣҪΪǿߣͲܻԣ
ϣҪٻصͲܻԣ
ϣҪʦͲܻԣ
ϣҪҵҪͲܻԣϢ

ѾһϢˣһһظԼܻԣΪžԲܻԵɣ
ԣϣȫѪٶȣѾɳڼԪȻÿһÿһ룬ʹм尾ǣȴ˷ܣΪоԪ̶ȣԽԽŨ
ϣȴĳأţǹ̥΢Ȼ󱬣Ȼڼ֣ʲôƴ
ˣˣϻûг
˻δѾѹ˸ҽ
ʲô𣬸Ȼ
һ˦֣ýĽŲסŭˣҲã
ţ
Ҫŭȴһ飬ʵôˣ
ˣ
ʲô죿һʣ켴Ȼʵ˵Ǹ̥ڵˣ
˵ͷ
죬û
ҡҡͷ
̥ʵǹ̥ţҪıǰļƻˣܰһ˿
תͷʵ𣿡
鲻Ǵӵһ˵ţֵǰЩ죬ŵתһˡ
ţ
üͷסͻأɫһ䣬һֱ֣ӽ˳ȵСӣĲҪ𣿡
ϴʱ࣬΢ųֱջȥӵǰһҲ˵ֻóһŵҩҩҩ鲼ȫ
һŵҩȻԵʱϱ˹ɵô
һ˹û¶˰ɣ
ã
һڣֱӽߣĵطһξ룬ɽУӵ棬ָǰһɸɿľʯ˵ǿʯ𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ
ӲȭͷǾʯ飡˵꣬ӰʧӰ
ӲӲ飬뵽ʲôһ㣬˫Ȼʯ˿˿âߵʯ£ȭȫʯȥ
顭
һͳ֮ϵִһ죬ǹͷ֮ҧҧȭٴγʯȥʯһȭСĿӣ
С˲٣
ţɽҵһȭѵʯ⣿ǶôһʯͷҲҵȭͷ֮·飡
ϼӲȭٻ
飡飡顭
ʮѪӳϹͷ˿˿ơ
ѪͷѾ㹻ǿӲǳǽԲŰķԼļ֮֮ͣݣÿһȭȫз־
һ̵ǶԳ˵ȴò˵һǳȷķ
ֱ˫ȭѾտѪѪעϲֹͣͷѲ亹ϲ˫ȭľʹȭһκھʯϡ
ߺţϰռƻҲԪ
ԶǳҲǰľ̥ǹ̥ǿҪһ㣬ҲһֲĴˣ
ţһƶ죬㿴ʯɫһݣѵô죬̥СӾͽʯˣ
䣬ֱֱֳֻվǰǿʯȴѾ£һС̥
ܲʱͽʯ飬ͽеľʯȫ飡
ϿһΧղźľʯöģв٣˵ǾʯҲ໰ᶨĲӣߵһʯǰŽԪȭʯ
տɽ䣬ִײ֮


031 û
Ƽʱ
һμ䣬ϱ˰꣡
֮УϿνÿ춼ʹΪ飬ϵʹ࣬־ϵʹ࣬ɳȴʹУɳøǿ׳Ӽͣ
ڵĳϣٲ£ˮԪɴϰСʱֽĶҲССҰõһħޡ
ϲǱǧֵĲҩ鱳ù죬һħ޺ˣħڵ飡
ϵؽҲǰ˰ǧһǧٽܽٽصһ֮ڣɰأ
Ҳܹʮףҹڵ档
ϻʯ飬ѾȭͷüñϥǣýţÿһõĲλ
Щʹѵóȫļʹͭɫ΢΢¡һ;úȻֻǳı仯棬ǸоĻԪҪɵһδԪҲ˲٣
üͷԽԽ壬ʱʱ̾̾̾Ϣ̾ϢģȻǳϲҪȻƾʵԿԽһԽǵǿߣ
ȻǶ֪ʵҲ֪ڰԪȫ
ͨĽӴҲ֪һܵĵطڴԽ֮Узһ㣬ƫƫһ㣬ȴǸҪľҪʱ޿̲뽫ͳǵֻǣһȫЩʰǣֻҪлᣬǿ϶ԥس֣
ûбɭɽأƶ񤣬Ҳ죬ָɣʪ
ǣˣǰ̶ֳȣɱȵһСУΪ򿿽ʮɽʮɽħޣĽףħ޵ϣ˳ʲôħƤħ⣬ħ޺˵ȵȡ
⣬ʮɽĵرԣ뵤ҩҲͳˣſջҲˡ
Ҫһԭǣ˽֮򣬾˵ÿһˣ򵥣Ƕͬһص㣬Ǿ⣬Ѿûǵ֮
ϧЩ֣Ű֮ǰħ޹ʧȴٲģûħޣеķչͣЩҲٹһĲˣŽҵΪôȥˣأ˳ȥ
кôһˣ򣬶˵ǵļңˣ
Щǳϴӷͷģ֪׼Ҵ壬ǿʮǧ֪ϹǱ֮ף֪һڵĸңڱĴڣΪڱдССɣȫһհ
֪Լǿĳϣ۾ûһ˸ҪؽŵĲпѵ
Ȼ׵Ǻ˵ҪоʲôǣϾǶܺãﾹȻһֹ޸УǺÿ仰ֻ˵һֵһ𣬳ҲǺܷɡ
УмıǺÿôණȫǺ׼ջʳģ˳ϵĶʳĳԹʮɽħ޻ǲӰɳÿȻܳԵָħ⣻ϺЩħ϶ǺԶǧطȥŪġ
һ죬ǳϸŷͷӣͷһóóңϽӵȴûң˵ǰ˵൱ʲôߣ
ͷ˵мʦɣϾֻܿԪߣϸָ似Ͳֵܵģ
мʦۣӦÿĲǣϾŰ࣬ȻʹӷмʦǣӿģֻгأΪмʦ˵Ϲҡһ˵̫ˣ԰߼ʦǶһ磡
˼죬µ˵ǰܲܰСһæ
Сӣѵ˵һ仰˵ɣʲôæ
Ҫûң
û㣿ͷʡ
ɫĻС
ɫ棿Сӣü㣿

ͷ˳һ飬ʵСӣ㲻Ƿ˰ɣȻǿǼףǷͬСɣ
Ϊ˾˵ж󣬷ͷùһðףֻգ֮䣬һСţ𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ϶˵ǵģ
ͷģֵҸɣ
룬пܼԪ
ʲôͷڵһС䵽˵Ҳûֻʵģ


032 Ѱ
ܼԪ
ͷڵаΣ
ͷʱ򣬷ͷȻţΪô꣬δ޾֮˻Ԫ
ת֮䣬ͷЦˣûоܻΪֲܼԪ
˵꣬ɫͽϰΧϥͷ˽Сӣֲˣ֨һ
ɫУϵ˵ͷ
ûм֮ǰԵɶڳ˵Ҳѳܵļޣ
һӣʮӣʱһʱ
ʱʹྭûԪӣֻÿÿһŻԪڻڣҺܳʵ
Сӣôˣ
ͷʵͷʱɫѲٺ󣬻Щ΢΢ףȻάʱļףԪľ޴
ǰһܼ֣
ҧش𣬷ͷ֪͸ֵ㵤ҩˣСӣ̥Ҫ
˵ô˵ͷͷȴϲãСܼԪҲѧˣ
ʱȴüͷ壬ΪȫĻԪΪΣԪȴҲйĳڣñϪñȴأѵҪԪͷǵҪڴϳϪٴϪȡˮãֱӴӴȡˮΪֻһԵԪûȫԣô
μԪ̫ʹ඼óϺˡ
ֱͷоϲֹͣʩżף͵һѪؽϣͷҲסȥ
ͷĻ˵һ飬ץϵ֣ľԪϸϸ̽һ飬ȴǺüͷιϵҩ˵֣
Ϊϣڶ˵ֵ֣˼ǣ˼һſô죿
Ϣͷȥܿ˾뼯ĵ̡
ͷ˵̥ü˰˸ʱŻԣŵ˵
ͷƭ
ô˵̥Ҫ˵ԪǲܼԪƾǿҲһֲĴˡ룬½ϣжֵܵסհ˸ʱ
ڴʦ£֮Į˵
ԭļƻҲ뿴ǿһ뿴ûоûԪǸʲôĴڣһ󵨵ļ裬˵Ƶ£֮Ҳ£
ѹúúʣСϵܣǵܻҪ࣡˵
ǰ㿴ӹҵĶڼ֮£Ҳû𻵣ͷһ䡣
ǲǿ鶫ʹ˵еЩ𣿡
˳Ĭдֳصĳϣ֪ĵʲô
ʱ󣬳˹˫۾ϣ۾ȫʣȻ֪ʲô
ǣϿ˵λǰСҴСϣΪȫޣеõһ˵ûоҲԪֻҪҵʵķܼԪ
ʲôԵģ
ҡҡͷ˵ԵģǱ˵ҪľˮԵĴ
ô˵ǲȫԵģ
˵仰˶ʱ˵½ϣһ˫ԣǾϼʣԵĻǾǼʣԵģֱδţ
ǣڣǰһ൱ԵĴڣܲȣ
Ȩ죬Ī˵һ䣬ллλǰСӵչˡ
СӣˣǿΪһȤġ
ûӦ˵Ǳ˵ġ켴ϱ㽫Ǭһ顣
󣬼̾һ䣬Ѱ
˵ͷҲ˵һ֣ݣ
ֲСôƴͷ̾˵
ϣλǰܰһѣҴԵԪ˫ϥŵأϿҵ˵ĳһ̶ֳϣѾ˵ʦ
һۣͬʱͷ
Ȼ㲻ˣҲһԵ֣ǾͰһѣ֤漣ķɴ˵
մ˻ԪǽԪ׼ˣʵĿ˿۰ϱڵµļ֣
ϥᶨ˵׼ˣ


033 ѼѪ
ϱڴ֮УȻѣϢ֡
ǵŨԪӿϵʹóεڵأѪ
ǰͳҩιڣ˵ʲôأҪ
СԽʹ࣬ɹĿԲŴ󡭡ر⵽
Ҳһ˰ɣ
ô֪ڵصʮ죬ôڡ
ҲԪһ¶Ǻ۷徳磬һСɣ㹻һˣһȫ˭ܵˣͷҲЩԹ˵
ˣ´עˡҲ˳ϵһ˵֮ЩУ뿴ܲܳɹ֮£Ҳȫˡ
ǼʱȥѹϥǰԶˡ
Ҳ˵λסԪڣ
ҲоϢбٱϢϢ·ǽ͸˵һϸһǰ֮һʹȥΪӴԪ˲佫ÿһطϢסʶ־
ϵɫԽԽ࣬ͭɫƤҲתӸֹסĳ鴤ʵСӣܵ𣿡
ǰõ
õ˾ס治һģ˵֮ض֮أпܾһˣ
ټ˵ϲøϼⶼڳʲεĲ
һʱ֮Ѫĳ˵ǰټ
һƬž
ʱ󣬳Ҫһ
ʱѾԪƵȫëףѪͷ˵֪Сӣļ尾˵ʵڻͷⱲֻˣһ½ʮصħӣҪǱħѾ봫˵еʥ֮˰ɣһǰСˣԱҪ͡
ͷǲ֪ˣǡһʦһͽ
Ѫ۾ͻشֱһ֣ѪȫѼƿУȻõǰŸͣ
ڸʲô㻹кѪȺãľٶɻ
˵һ֣֣
ʲôֲֵģСǹ̥ѲѪҲ⣿
ǣ
Ѫ񱦱һźãרעѼѪ󲻷ŹһΣ
Ѫȷǹ죬ӴԪϵѪ趼һ飬ټϺôѪô⣬ѪȻѪ̺ЧãҲǼΪǷ
ֱڣһüԪӣﵽ˱״̬
ŵҩϢϢýʩչԪ

ԪҪһУԪҪϢһУԪȴǷҪһУ
˼ľǰҲçײƺ˵̥֪ǸˣҲҪ̫ǿ
ϵͷϸĸʹԪ治ǹǿԣԪҲͬһӣԪһӿ壬͸о˵ʹ
Ҳ֪ԪйأҲ
ֻǣʹԳ˵Ҫʹԣ˵ǰ
񣬼Ӵ˽ԪͬʱڽԺҲֳ˳ȭңü翿ʯӰ
ǰ
ϵһʹ
￴ųϣ˵һ䣬ʵڲоˣҲǿˣһҲ۸㣡ǣ˵ڣһȥƴˣкʸֹȥ׷أ
ȻרעѼѪ۾⣬ûɢ
ԪƻųϵѪ֯Ҫһжɱ飬ɳһӦĳ׶εʹ֮󣬱ҪټӴԪ롣
һһΣֱԪҲϵӴɣ̷µҩƬҲϢתźһϹллǰ
ѡΧڣ
ڣ
Ϻԥػص


034 Ԫ
ˣҪԼһ㣡
ɳˣԼȴ̫ˣûҪ˳ÿ˯ˮԪֱú֮ˮ
Ҫ֪֮ˮɽ֮ܺͷͷļ֮࿹
ǣϾôη壬ֱ֮ˮڣ
ձĽԪɨѵ֮ˮˮԪڽһɲǣֱϸסƺ˼Ҳס˰㡣
ϵѪҲ״Ȼһ˽˵İ۶
šǬĳϣûڵĻԪȥֻǳţҧƴسܡ
أûнмΪ֮ˮʵ̫ڰԵ
ɪɪһ󣬳Ͽ
ѾлˮԣֻľԵԪ
ľԪżǿ˹ܣ޸ܣܣ˵
ǣľԪһڣȴоǾʹȽԪǧҪٱ
ֻһʹ࣬ȴһʹ࣬ӼƼҪһܵʹܹ࣬Ϊڻ֮У
ȻҪ̰סܲסǾֻˣ
ϵѪҲѪעǷɽǼ䡭
ǹͷҲڡꡱ죡
ˣ֪⾿һʹ
ҲȫĵĿľԪΪףвأ漣ˡ
ΪˣᰮѪûзȴЩѪأҲ³һ֣ӣ
ֵ֪˼̽ץĵҩƿѼͷҲæѼѪѧģһţСӵѪȷͦġ
˵ţȥ
Ѫһǣ͸оһҵҩɢɫ䣬ȻϲǷģﻹ˵ͷ̥ѪֱԺĵҩеһȣС̫̬ˣ˵ӶǱ⣬֪⡭
̬˼ҵѪҪ⡣ŭ˵ﾯ㣬ҪǶСʲô˼㲻
άϵ˼ҲǳϵΪʹ»Ҫ̵֣̫ӡټϳϹһˣüĸԱˡ
ķܵסҵĿ켸ʽΪȻ˵
ѲʮʽͲܹﷴҲ˵һ䣬Ҵģ
̾һǶҵʲôˣͺ˿ѪΪҽС̻ˣҲûǺС˵ٻάǵΪûоܻţ˰ٽؽ

˵ţȴʹĽг֮ңǴڤ񵴳һ
ϣŽѪĴֽ
·ѱϵޱȣ
ĽкеüʹͷҲǲ̣
ʮӣͣϢ
ʱϵѾȻֳɫҲ˹ȫڴĿ⣬ųϣҹŬǷɹ漣Ƿܲһʱ̣
𣬽ˮˮľľ𣬻
Ѿߣѭܶʼ
Ԫĥĳϣ˿̸еǲǿɽˮƽ𡭡
һ״ĸо˳ȫ
𣡡
һ˷ܵشоǰδеıǿǺ嫵ÿһطϸоܹԪ
աǬʦķϼԪ
ֻϧڵԪǾش棬Ҳûгĳ嶯
ϲţһһؼţǺ嫵Ԫڴﲻƾ
ѵǵоųɣǵҪڴڳһСϪ
ţ۾һĨɫҾڳһСϪһ
뷨ú֪ǾˣһȳϲҪ
뵽ȥ
Ȼϵϣˡ
ԪֻǾţܸоȴǲӦãʹǰ
˺üʱ
漣ûз
ϳĬʹǰԪ֮ʹ
ҲĬˣﲻģο˵ƣûϵ㲻ʹԪֿܵôʹҲһǿˡ
ǣСӣ첻У˵ΪԪȵʱס֮ľʹһ飬Ҳˡ
ûʲôģҪסǹ̥һȭܺ俪ʯҲûܽӵһȭҲο
֣³֣
ϸжˣϹֿ˵λǰллҲģҾԲġ
˵ţͻشħ޻ˣħ޻ˡ
һһۣӰֱʮɽȥ


035 ұ
ħ޻ˣ
ʮɽħ޻ˣ
Ҳħ޵Ļع飬ʼָҲԽԽ֡
ȻһУ޹أϽڹſɮȻԪȴûóϵľʹ
ȻǼᶨ˳ϵģһ߿˼ӵķһ߸ǿ̿ضΪĸ
ؽ÷ͷԽԽأͷбؽһЩԪֻҲģΪЩģȫҪԪ
㲻似ǽ˳ϡʮʽÿžʯ֮󣬻ٲĳ֮»ؽ
Ҳûзÿʮ죬Ǿ͸ԪϵӴһأʹϲܼԪҲҪһ㡣
ֻЩ棬ϻǷȻħ޻ˣλٲȻʦһλǰ鲢ûзɣԽأһأ׾𱩷֮ǰǰƽ
ʹͷͷ˵˲Ըȥġ
˭Ը⣬ͷôҲ˵ϻʹôȰĿ⿴ųϣ˵һ䣬Ǹʱ֮ǰ߰ɣ
ߣ
ͻظо֣İȻ֪ǿ϶뿪ģΪкܶʹҪȥֻӽһóϸоůλǰҲܲԼһԴ۾￴
һڷͷôԪ׸һƵҩںôζʱررԣ
ҲʹΪʲô˵֣һǡԵһǡ
ϵƬƣԽԽŨ
һϣϱڵصһ״ʹԪڳϵڴڴ棬ʱԽãԽ
ҧֵʱ򣬼ڳϵǰϵɫЩţֻһڳϵĻȻ˵˾䣺Ŭȥеģ
ʲô£ǲǵĵ¶ˣæʵ
ûлش𣬶þֱӽصְ˶ʮףȻؿ˳һֶۣȥ
󣬼ڵϣѾǻ죬ҽأһô꣬Ǹûʱˣ
ķϻҪȡӵҲҪѪĴۣ
İɣô׵ȥǸЦţ³һ֣ƴ
ûƴʸģɲֻһ
Ȼԥƴɱȥһ򣬾ͺʮʽֱóɱУһѽɫģޱȵֱƾճ֣˿ȥ
ϵĲսȫȻ֪ڵеľе־ֿصһףֻǸոЩϰߣڼ͵ؽҵһٶʮͽϰΧҪ֪ôĵϰףǶһ
ܳ룬ŭҲգҲգʹҲգԼ
ΪֻлţϲзŭȨĵȨʹʸ
ҪԼӦһٶʮ״Ϣѹ취صϣǰҪֲסһ˲䣬ｫץȥһΣҪԼ
ڳΪ˻ȥʱ棬һ˵ټһ飬һڣ
ʮ˻شӦȫˣûԪ
ãһ󹦣ˣߣ
һİˣǲ֪صһٶʮ״һ٣ȫȻԪˣ
һ죬죬졭
ƴ̹Ƕʹʱڣ۾ûһɣӵƾһ˫Ѫ֣֮ȥҪȥ
ȳϷѾǧ࣬˫ִѪڵʱǰһУȫȻסˣ
ڳǰĻ棬ǶϱڲԫʬҰѪɺӡ
סˣ켴ﱬһѪ


ǰ
ͷǰ
ǰ


036 һʽ
𣡡
˫ĿѳѪĿصʬ壬ȫյĿȫǣûһǺõģʹźڣΪֱǰһ̣˻ںϧԪΪ壡
ϺʧԪҪʱܲģô̵ʱ䣬еҩǲûвǵս
˭˭ﵽ׷ʲô
һһţû˻شͷûдӦûлӦӦֻԼŭ
ˣ
˫ֱֱعڵϣ
˫ֻĸʦҲȣ˿̣һƬعˡ
ƺҲĿֲҾ磬̽һ˫˺Ʋ㣬ꡣ
ˣֱֱţһҲˮϡ
ˮˮѪˮһ𣬳˶꽽ʪˣʪճգޱȵǱ
ϲŭ˫죬ҧĬһԲ͸¶ű롢߿ǿ
ԽԽ
ȴ۾ˣ
Ժֳ︡ı䣬ֳ˺ĮͷĻ棬ײʯĻ棬м֣һ޶µĴȰػĿ⡭
һؾۼڵԪԪԪԪ
ǣԪܲϵķŭ㣬ȻڣҲ
ó޳ȫĳϣһһ顭
úѾٰԭԪһˮԪһԪǽԪľԪԪ
ų޺ţȻȫ˵Ԫ
Ԫˣϸоʹʹ»ʰʹ
ųһδεľۼмԪһδεĻʣɫԽԽ԰ףǿӾԽԽһһϢ·ʱпܻ赹ҲѲĸо
Ͼɵһ㣬һα˷ӣħƺͲ֪ԼʲôֻҪһӻתֻҪһڣͲҪļԪԼ᲻һεĻУԶسȥ
ʹ̼Լ
һδӻƿƾѾ˼ޣоֻҪԼһΣпܾԶţ뿪硭
΢ػţ𣿡
ԺţۿŵĲţ΢ţȥ
ѵһֱһαĿֲҪȥԪ
ǧаʹ࣬˵̺ˮǵӿ
һ̣ƺһ̤֮ţ
ʮּᶨ־Ȼûجج㱣Ϸ·ҲоһʹںδѪٲǾʯ
Լ϶ˡ
һ˲䣬ϾȻЦˣ𣿡̹Ȼţ޾һб࣡
ͻأҪϴȥһϻֹסؾҲһ˺ѷεʹ͵شؿȫ
Уƺˡ̡
ţԭôҲзӦԪȻһС߰㣬ڳϵεͷεؿڣεεš
ЩԪӷѿ㣬ڳڵѪÿһطѿ
ˮһ㣬ӣԴݿ֮Ȼȫȥڶѻ
һͷϹޣڳϵڸչţš
أӺ
վһǧٽؽԪתΪԪٽԪעؽ֮УȫļҲȫ㼯ؽ֮У͵ȥȵһʽ
䣡һը죡
Уǵһжʮ׳Լߵľ޴󽣿ӡ
ʲôʯʲôݷһ̣ӵ޾˷ըʯӶЮǿȻڳǱ̬ϻ˼ѪۣȻ⼸Ѫۣڳ˵ûʲôӰ죬ҲԿͬһ㡣
۾ضǰǸӣ֮ǰҲʩչһʽ˵һϣһڵ¡
⡭ǿһʽôʹԪ𣿡ûԪʱؽأؽıڵһӡӣڣȴһĽӣ
һɺӳ
һ첻Ǹ죬زǸأ
𣡡
ַһ𣬴ʱ˿̣½ϣʹԪˣ
ϣǷ
ϣҪΪǿߣ
ѹңұ죻ңұ̤أأǰ߸ϣҪҵص˵


037 ޳
һխխɽ·ϣһӰ¶С
ɽϵķ⣬һζ
ӰĿ⣬ֻǰ
ǳϡ
ϵ絶ֱͦƺѽȻͬһʵֱһַâ¶ĸо
ھʹ࣬ķŭ޾֮󣬳Ͼ˻ӵԪ
ֻǣγһ̣ʮĳû˿ϲãֻŭ
Ҫҳݻ֣ҪֻһѪծҪΪλʦҲλǰԱչ֮
ڳУλǰʦûλʦûгԵסĵطҲûûλʦܱǿûλʦͲеһ׶εд
ܼԪҲΪλʦ
ϣʩչһʽ֮ޱȣ·ԪȫһĴ
󣬳ԻָһЩؽӣЩʬΪȻЩˣϼʶҲû˵ϱϾôãΪЩӦġ
ʬûλʦʬ壬ϲ֪λʦʬ壬Ǳճ˻ҽǱˡɳ֪ʲôҪҳס
һУȥ˿Ǿʯ֣ȴ˿ٲȻ󣬱ɽȥˡ
ϴŴָö˵Ǵųϰģ˷ͷĽ֮Ѿ״ָô¶Ҳ÷ͷһ˭ҲϳǴָŵġ
ӵԪ֮󣬳ϸݷͷ˵ģָ򿪣׵Ŀռ䣬Ʒˡ
ʹôָҲɷ˲٣Щۣ֮һǧٽؽħʦĻԪָǸȫһԶ˴ָ
֪֮ϲʹԪǰװǼ飬йģģҲǷһ࣬мʮʽкһЩҩǿֹѪһࣻһЩҡ
ϿŰĶ֪λʦȻ
ʦѾʹԪˣҲʧģģһ򵽵ô¶˭˶֣
Ŀмᶨޱȣ
;У˳Ͼóʦҩһž͵ֵԼʮˣ֪ЩҩʦרŸƵģֻǳϲ֪Щҩĳɷ֣ųѪ
ҹ˼ɽ˲ٴׯϵһ򣬱Ȱ׼ҴǴ˼ٱֹźΰߴţŶд֣޳ǣ
ʮϺٽӴ˶ĵطһʱ䣬ľȻеĪĽš
ſĸʿأҪһʿ߹ס˵Ƿѡ
٣Į
ʿ´˳һЩʿسţԹɫ֣һ۾Ϳ˳ǸûмˣǱȵһң
ûһ飬ȻһҺܹ󣬵ͷ˵ǻǱ˲٣ֱӴӴָͳһңʿȻ̧ȥ
ʿңЦݣųϵıӰʿ۾һ˼֮ɫصͬߣ˵Ǹϴó¾ɣȴͦǮķ˵һңʲôû˵ֱӾ͸ˡ
ʲô˼
룬ӦһֻСķ򡣡ʿ¶յЦݡ
ʿЩǵ˵ȸţһ˵һĳɳĵӣпܾͻᴳ
˵òСΪϡ
ûѾ˴ˣֻȺţȴһʣʴʩչһʽ󣬾ˡ
ǾǳϲûѧġȴáǬʩչʮʽ似ôԲѰ
һ˵似Ǻʹõģġ͡ʮʽһͲáȥʩչʮʽʩչˣҲǴۿۣ似ˣˮͻǲ˵˵߱
ȻҲ⡣ϲ֪Ҳ㲻㲻һ⡣
ʣϻŽô죬Ҫ𣬱ôʹôǿֻԼԲܣĿǰΩнơ
һ취ǼĳɣĳңǰȽϴʵȽۺǲһڣΪעҪһڡ
ţͻһײϣ켴ˡӴһϼҪڵϣæҪץס֪Ըٶȣ˵ϣűˣˡ
ϾЩĪʱһȺѸٱ㽫Χ


038 ˾ͽ
ˣˡ
һˣΧм䡣
Сӣƾɶˣ
һ͸ߴ꺺ӣվڳǰѼϵļ⣬˾¡𣬿ͣӸµʵ
ϳĬֻۿ꺺ӡ
ʲôɣ㻹꺺ӴţѾ˷꺺ӽǰһʮʹ˵͸磬˳̫ˡ
˵ţͷϵõһߣ㿴ͷһŵѪ
͸꺺һǷŭˣתͷԳ˵Сӣ˵¶ô죿ǽѪأҩѣ
ڵĳѷ֮ϣȻ黹٣ɵӣΧˣǵصˣԾһƭǮġ
꺺Ӵ˿Ѿ¶óѵļЦСһͲǱˣͻСϴ·Ҳʲôүһֿ࣬ӦҲʲôһսǽһʱǾͶ
ûᣬֱǰȥ
ŵ꺺Ӽ״æźݵιСӣ˴Ѫôһ֮ôõ£
͸緢Χ˸ǽΧýﻹ˼һһҡһҡģ꺺ӣ˵ߣҲðҩߣ㲻밤򣬲Ѫʮҳ򣬱ǲ

³һ֣ΧЩˣһЩʿѣ꺺ӣҲһмʦȻ࣬Գ˵ȴûã
ӴСӣ㻹ˣǵҪѵУȻ㲻֪˭ĵ̡꺺˵žҪ䡣
۳ţ˲ңҲˣ˷ңٱ֮ϼ̳ħʦΪԭֻҪ꺺Ӷ֣Ͼ꺺ӣص
꺺һ㵭ĽɫҪҲҪ֣ͻȻһͣ۸ˣʲô£
꺺΢΢һ䣬˵˾ͽǾˮˮܵҲ̫˰ɣ۸˹ƨ¶
ûͲҵ£ˣǾͺкܴϵˡ˾ͽʮˣһһǰΧˣطֳһ·
Ͷ˾ͽ۾ŭ𣬡˾ͽѵҪͰ￪սɣ
սð˾ͽûаη壬Ц˵ÿǵһ֡
Ϳ˿˾ͽȺˣǰƣڿս˭˭ӮĲ˵ǣ½ܶսǻᱻӵģһݣ˵˾ͽ¶Ҫܣ
ҹܶˣ
֮ͲˣɨˣȥҲ޳㣬ǣ֣
һ£е˱˾ͽһɱȥǸǰϷģ˵ϴѪˣҲسȥ͸ֱ˾ͽȥ
ƹƹҵײ𣬻šȭնһĺֻǻһͷսȴûмսţֱתˡ
磬ôھȻлл˵һôˡһųϵıӰЩŭ˵
СǾǵ£Ҫ£ҡ˾ͽս϶˵
ǡİ벻ףĹĵ˵֪ͲˣȺһʰһ٣һǮ
˾ͽ뺫ӲƴһǺ󣬸˳˾ͽǱӰ۾һ⣬ֱ˲ƽ
ѾԶˣ˾ͽƴҲˣ˫ƴ˸ˣ³˻ǵͲ֪Ӱ˾ͽݵ˾ͽСӣӵĺ£ʣӼˣһֻ
ҵš
ֵ˼ۣһ֣ˡ
ȺԶˣ˾ͽü䣬¶ĵǣ˷Ըע㣬խ϶ᱨ
磬治֪ôģҪȥǸˣңͺֽһ𡣡İﻹǺܲˬ
˾ͽһЦСǲǸˣ뺫ͺúദˣ
İش˾ͽ˵뺫֮䣬ݣ綼һսˣΪ֮Ȼȥ
˿̣Ѿ˿ջһٸͷ


039 
һٸͷû˼ֻΪ˼λкʦ
ҪһٸͷʱžһƬǸСڵŷӦ˵͹٣ȵһ£Ǿ
سţһһԵĲͷ˼
кߣȴԱţʮʮʮʮŸһٸ
һٸô꣬Χˣ۾һҲʮ߰˳϶棬Ĵָ˵ֵܣһֱΪԼԵöֵ࣬ôһȣ֪ҹªˡ
Ͻе̧ͷȻһЦһܳԡ
꾪켴˵ֵܣҽг塣
ơ
ֵܣĶȥ岻ȳϻش𣬱ָ˵˵յӵӣֵǲǱȥģ
ţһ䣬ϲ˵ţҾǱģ꣬һԳΪŵĵӣΪѾǸ߼ʿˣҪֵҲȥţǿһȥ
ȳڴʱ򣬳ʵʲô
һ۶ֵܣ㶼֪
ҡҡͷ
Ȼ󣬳ҡͷԵ˵һڶţһأȻǱһɣһڣ֮ס
˵һڣ۾һĺ⣬ûע⵽ԹԵ˵ţɾǽնɡɣžš콣šţģģȻ滹кöСɣʲôŰӰŰõɰˣһţҲģҪǶҩǳĶ񶾡
ţһûУʵ˵벻ǻʲô𣿡
Ĵ壬ؼңңңϹңУؼǻ壬Ĵǿ޳ǣǱҿƵġ˵꣬ɻؿųϣ˵ֵܣЩǸ˶֪ĳʶ㶼֪
ŶҴСƫƧɽһ˳Ǽġ
ֲأһȻӣ˵ʵҲһСģסʯ壬ֵܣʯ壬֪𣿾½ǡ
̶һʱ䣬Ѿ֪һʲôˣ죬ܶ࣬˵ȥ϶ҪӴӳСʱʲôȥǣϴϻ˵㲻ǻҪȥű𣿡
԰ҪٲȥûˡЦ˵ʵֵܣҪĶȥ
Ҳȥš
ǺðʱǾͬʦֵܣǵÿߡ
ϳ溰һ䣬Сˡ
ҡС˵˾䣬ϸһ˿Цݣ˺յٸңڵһٱǹĵġ
ͽң˳ӵĲȣղŶԼô磬Լߣʱ׳ʲô⣬Ҳں˵ķǮһˡ
һ߸ҡ
ϸ߸ңߣһ֮ɫֵܣ㿴˰
ЦЦû˵ȥȥ˵ֵܣʵҲģҵǮսǾͱ͵ˣֶòˣҾ͡
ûʲô֮Ͷѡû˵ҵһεܶණ
û⣬ֵܣ֪һ㣬Ҿʹȥյӵĵط˵ţǰ棬ȴʣСɽģô£һдָҪҲдָЩǮͲᱻ͵ȥˣ̵ģҪץ˭ǵðͷɡ
ԼʱһԺӣԺ棬ʱǳˮɽ˺
˵ÿ궼ҪյӣÿܽŵģҲʮˣǳϸҪʲôԪԵȵȣأضϸһҪɹҪȻûлˣһλᣬԡ
Ϊʲôһλ᣿
м£ҾʮˣʮģžͲҪˡ廹Щǣ˵ˣֵܣˣ
ʮߡ
ãҪǹʮˣǾͲˡҩģƷŵҪһ㣬һڡն֮ĳɣ䳬ʮ꣬ͲҪˣ
˵ţһȵ
䣬ո缯е˲ʧһ۹⼤ؿŵ棬˵һʮ꣬űЩˣ˿˿м͸߰漴գյ֮գ볣һʮرܣҪͼˮ㣬һϳͣ
˻һɽ˺֮Уп˳ȻѾʮˣһ뿪˴벿ˣµĶǲʮꡣ
ɨʣµˣ󣬽Ŀ˳ϵϣȵ㣬뿪


040 һز
㣬뿪ųϺȵ
ϻû˵˵ֵܽʮߣûʮˡ
˳һۣȵ˵ûʮˣûʮ˵ʮ꣬ͳʮ꣬˵һ뿪
廹Ҫ˵סʵô֪ҳʮˣ
ųϵܲˬߣߣٲߣҲˣ
Ҫɣִŵ֪ھЩ֮󣬴Ѿǳ죬һҲޡ
Ҫ˵ʲô洫ԣʼˣ
ǣʦݸһӵȻ˶ʮ˽ȥҲ˽ȥҲû뿪尲ο˵ֵܣû¶˲Ǹˡ
Цţʵôң
㣡ңֱܲƽ϶Ǹ˼㡭ԥ˵ٴο壬е㲻һˣһжһů
ȽȥĶʮˣһʱ֮ȫ޿˳ȴȫûкϸ񣻵ֽ˶ʮ˽ȥҲǲһʱʱ䣬߳ʮˣȻһȫû
ֳʣˣýϳ٣ʱֵ˳ǣ֮ǰˣҲֻа˸ͨԣȫʧܸա
ϼЩţο˵϶еġ
˱ȭͷ켴ȥĺ棬߽Ժȴס뿪û𣿡
ҷŵΪʲôԲμӲԣ͸һִζҲһ߰ǻǰֵδʮ꣬ƾʲô˲μӲԣ
˭˵δʮˣ˵ţ㿴֮ܹΪʦŲƽӹ֮
˭˵ƽͲܳΪʦ岻ˣΪҲ̫ãҲ궼ˡ
£ȡĲʸ񡣡Զųȵ
һ˵ʸ𣿡
ҡԸ˵һ֣һʮ˵ԣôˣ˽
ʦ˳ˡָų˵
ʦųϣȫļ΢΢¡ҲͬˣȵԶҪһ㣬ʵ㵽ûгʮꣿ
ǰЩӣʮ꣡
ܡæ˵ѣʮܳģ
Եʦ䱳´˺ʱâų˵Ӧûгʮꡣ
ʦ̫ˡһ˵
Եʦֿϣüͷ壬ʵȷЩǿǼᶨټϺҪȥԵҳһţЩͷ˵ˣɣԲأҲߵķڷø˷̰ŵ
ǣʦԹ˵һ䣬ֶųϺȵȥΪȥŵĵˣûʦ˵ߵķڷ𣿡
϶ŵԣĿɭĿһԣûɵһ飬ȻЩµĸоΪָоʮŭҪŭʲôȴų߿ˣ˵ֵܣСˡ
߽Ժ˲ơ
Ȼֵ˲ԳأָǱھʯ˵ֵܣЩʯĲԣҪٽصʯϸ񣻲ʸһ֣Щʯصһǧٽܾٽһأ϶⡭
ʯһأһؾǻˡ
𣿡
ǰڶҪȼ֮ķϰʱϸΪ϶Ҫû𰡣ԣУˢȥҲࣻȥԵʱһķһʱһŰ
̾ţѾֵˣ壡
æشתͷԳ˵ֵܣȹȥˡ
ϵ˵ͷֱٽʯǰ˫һͨ죬ʯҲ˵档
壬һعȺڶزԡ


𣬳ŷʯһߣղ˵˵˵壬ǵĻ˰ɣǹִš
ִͦŵģԲЩһ˻ӦţμӲԵģ񶼲ôôˣֻа˸˺ϸ񡣡
ǰ˵ֺƣ
Ӧһʯųϱ˸ȭͷﺰţͣ
ϵͷߵٽʯǰһ½ŲԵѾٽٵ𣿡ӡ
𲽣ǰߣ߹ٽʯ߹˰˰ٽʯߵһǧʯǰ⣬ǵǣ˵ţֵܣǿ
ҲȫóϣԸǱĵǸʣܾһǧҪܾһǧҾͲյˡ
סԼ˵Ļϻͷŵ˵һ䣬һǧٽʯȥ


041 Ķ
һǧٽʯȥʱ򣬳Ǵò֪ʲôˣ˵ͰɣǿһǧٽʯܹԪҲǵôʦɣ˵ĳЦˣǵԣ·Ѿ˳ϳӣ
Ȼ󣬳ϱסʯԺ˼ɵؿЦ
Ȼʯˡ
ɵˣͬʱҲʼ䣬
ϧϲûеʯٹͷֱֱؾţһưٶ
۾ӣֱзɳȥƣһ˶һ飡
Ψڻع֮ʣЦݵ˵ֵܣҾ֪ģ
һȺŽ˻
ԵŵӣϵĿ⣬ͬһ㣬Ͻ˵ţƣһأţ׼ڶأ
ֻǣһϸȴ˳˿ΪǼϵʣôá
ϾͶŴĵԣ˵˵һ仰˼ȴ󣬡ղŵĻҾˣͲҪյˣ
һƣĵú죬ĵõͨ죬˵Щʲô˰죬ȴû³һϵĿ⣬Թޣ
Ϻ⣬ֻ¶һЦ
ֵܣҾ֪㲻һ㣬û뵽Ȼز¶һ£ҿǸ˻˵ʲôӣضˣ֪յҪʲô
˵ȴǸոõǹҲסˡ
ǵڶأأһˣڵһأ˱ˢȥ˾ٵĶİٽҲһˣȳ嶼Ҫͣ߰ٽֽڴ󺣡
ڶزһһİһȺ˵ͬһ䱻ùʱ֮󣬻ľ˵ڶء
ʱһԵˣųϣ̾Ϣѣ˵ţҪʺһĻſ϶ֶһλż
Աһ˵ܲ׾˵ģͳһǧٽҲǹˡ
ɣ֪ܹܲڶء
˵ţϷˣܲܲݣ
ϴ˻һԵˣüͷǶΪƾղžһǧٽʯĳɼʡԵڶء
Ǻһ˺ǲ˵һأҪ˭˵ղžһǧٽپǧҲҪؾԲܸģǣʲôš
ñĵԻЦݣæӿ˵Ǿţ¹֮𣿡
ϲͷ۳
ԱڣֵСĽȥ֮ճɻˣǿɲǱ˭󣡡
ϻͷǲԵӣ˵˵֮棡

ųһﲻݵĻеˣһδ۾˭û뵽ǰʻȻôһ˼
ԻڳЦһסͷڿƲס˵ţ˭һȥ㣬˭ҲȲ㣡
ԣ죡ԵʦȵоЩ֣ͽ˵ȥ˵һҡ
ԵӲţһȷϵƣ˵Ҫķ䣿
ǵġ
˻ཻһһ˵ðɣͽķ䣬оԣ̺ȣҪܣȻʲô£ǿɲġ
ϵ˵ͷԳ˵˾䡰͡Ȼķȥ忴ֵܣȭͷýԼͣһܳŹȥġ
˳һ⣬ĲԱ֮ķ䣬ŵӵĿ⣬ȫǼķǲ֪ʼȴˣ𷿼϶ã
ԣʵأһһųϣԺƵˣϰʱǾָһĶ⣡
ʮӹȥˣﶼû˳Ҳûд
ʮˣ֮ķнʮ˳ŲסɫҲЩҧţΨһĻˣҪһβɹֻܻصǸ
쵽ʱӣ֮ķֻʣ³ڴˣߣȫȻ˳
Ȼķɺ޶ޱȡ
ʮӵӣҲֲס˹ȥ̧˷䣬ڴ󺣻ڼ֣
һʱڴҲ֮߳ķ䣡
ǼķǾĵģûд
ﲻͣţ϶˻ң϶˻ҡֻǣԼĵȷ棬ΪҪǸ˳£ʦʦʦǣͻᷢˡ
ƣǿķһʱҲһѵ£Եʦš
еˣʱһʣã


042 Ԫʯ
һʱȥˣûж
ʱȥˣûж
ۿŵʱҲҪȥˣ˶ֻ⶯ȴڳϣǸ𷿼ŵӣߵԱУм˵ԪʦԪʯˡ
ԪʯˣԪ
Ԫʦûϵķôãԣ׼Ԫʯάˡ
ԪüͷǼӣ˼һӴָͳüʮƷԪʯмƷԪʯ˵λʦܣҲǵԪʯȡɣǿƣ϶ʱ䡣
Ԫǽʯüͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼǲ뽻ԪʯóϾԪʯ˵ԪҲǺҪġ
Ԫһ֪ʲô⣬˵λʦܣʱѾϰյӵļ¼ˣǴһλӣ᲻𣿡
ԣɫһϲϽӴָͳ˺üʮƷԪʯƷԪʯҲм飬ԵʦҲһѪԪһԶǵӣȥά
ڷĳϣȻ֪ôһ¶ֻרĵŬĴŻԪȻͷļ𣬵ǣܱûкáֻǸо΢΢ʹʹ˵ûʲôӰ졣
Դӷһʽ֮󣬳Ͼ͸оڵԪǱһ֮·ҹҲȴЧԪȻز㣬Ҳ͵ʩչһʽȴôҲʹڵԪƺ˳˯һ㡣
ţԪ϶һμϴʩչһʽʱָоԪӿĸоԶˡ
ԣòôһûᣬϲץסŹ֣ϾλʦԹ޻ڵԪ壬ʵ̫̫ˣҲûУ
˭Ե޹ʵΪһİԼԪأ
ԪϸоԵĲͬԼӷ·˺ܾһ㣬ֱǻԪͣڴڵس£ֻ뼫ͷ𣬿ڶ˵ʱͷҲܹӵġ
ڴڳŵʱ򣬳ϸоƺ½˲٣֮ʱֱ˻
ϵȻΪԪʯԭ򣬶ԪһȺˣҲ벻ǲԷԼԪʯ˳
һʱȥˣķ䣬ƽþɽһ㣡
ĻҲˣ෴ɫԽԽѿԽԽ԰ףüԶҪǳΪŵĵӣôԺƣ϶ֻеͷķݣϾôõģŵʷϣûй
Ȼеأֻһֻһ£ʲôԵģԪжѣٲֻҪԪ͹ˣ
ԶԵزϣųԺ߸ϵӣԾ;ܵòУ
ֻʱû˭ȥᵤԣ
Ҳ˹˵ķ˽ĸʱԥأһλ˹ȥ
ʱţɫҲ
ʱǵһ߹ԪʦԪʯûˣ
ơԪһϵļüЩϲһοܵˣ˼ԣ˭Ԫʯȫ
û취ϾʦҪԪʯǸҲ
ֻĵӣ϶ֻһԪʯƷԪʯǵҲϲصƷԪʯ˳ȥ
ȻԽƷԪʯܲˬ
Ԫ˺ָǿòײŵƷԪʯҲһ𽻸ǵӣ˶ȵؿԪΪһƷԪʯǼֵǷͬһ㡣
Ԫȴں˵ţ뿴ƣѾʱˣܹã
ã
˵ʳҲ֮ǰҪʳϾǴʮʮҹ֤⣡
һʱʱ
ʱʱԪʯһù⣡
û취ˣƳɣԪ
ϼʧˣ׳ʲô£˽ȥ̾ϢһҪٸʱʱ䣬ڵĻԪܴһˡ
ԪҪ仰϶Ѫѣ
ҡͷ˵ſϧ߳˷䣬߳һɲǣԪ۾һһ⡭


043 
˵𷿼֮ǰһӣһ˶Ʋıô𷿼˽˸ʱĳϣһıҫ۵Ĺ⡭
ΪԪõ󣬳ϵľʮ㣬˫첻ף
ããã
Ԫһ˵֣ȻҲϵʼٲʣķϽ˸ʱպΪһС
һ˹ųϵģȫ
أһأ֮ĸλŵĵˡԪľ飬ܹǰصˣϾŵĵӡ
أֻǾŵĵλѣ
Ԫߵǰӵɫֱǣơɫɫɫƣָ˵ǵһһ֮ϣȫڵԪ
ͬǰˣϳϣһʮһͨǰصĲԣǰȥԣǺɫǺɫӷ⣬ɫʺľԪɫԪ
ԪסͷҪľԶʺϣ
ٽֵ˳壬ץסɫӣôԪûãɫɫɫӣͬûãֻǺɫӣһ£ҲȽʱҲȽ϶̣
״ɫҲЩΣԪüͷʶ壬꣬һһضûڶûڶأûйڶأҲ˶ⶣ꣬ضˣȻصĳɼЩãȴҲټǹִŵ;Ԫ˵ͷԳ˵ڿʼŵĵӣ
Ү˵һ߸ߣԸʵ֣
Ԫųĸ˾ͷȴһ̾ϢȻΪŵĵӣǵλ
Ԫ̾ϢŵʱڴߵǰһһԪȻͬʱӷ⣬Ǻɫ͵ɫȻɫȺܵͣҲˡ
˫ԣ˫ԡ
ڳˣȵţԪǼľ˫ԣҪһλˣľ˫԰
ڴѾϡšıǩˣڴ󺣻һǳƽһȴĿⶢųϣ
Ҵڴ󺣵лعȫ䵽˳ϵϣԪ˵۾ڴ˵ģóȥԪʯָŴӳϻӻأ
ԣû䣬ֻΪѾľˣƲڴˣţǵλһ
ƣˡ
ǰȥ˵Ŀ⣬ųϵƶƶǲ֪ʱȴЩֻΪˣȫһȻڴԪ٣Ǳ˵ԪͨģϸûоǴӲ֪ЩӣܲܲԳ̲صԪ
ҪǲܵĻǹƾͳɲŵĵˣ
ȽץסǸɫӣмԪɫȴû˿Ķ켴ְִںɫ֮ϣþȫȻûз⣬ûз
һһץӶץˣȴûһӱâһ΢ⶼûУӺԭһģһ
һ£Ԫ˵۾͸¶ŵȫǣʧ޵ʧֻһ֮ˣ
ԣȻԣôأԪԹ
̲͡סЦ⳰ЦǴ̶Ҿ˵֮ˣôܳΪŵĵӣԲ
û뵽мΪɵˣȻڵصˣҲõжͷˣǲõͷԾӸ£޾ӡ
ԻڳЦţڴתͷ˵һۣԲΪ֪ڴ󺣿ʵţ
ԣ
Ԫǿųϣ۾˺ܶĲˬΪһ漣ǿǽԼԪʯ˳ȴôһرԪƷԪʯ˳
ϿôһȴûһĻģֻеССźţҪһ㣬ܽţѶȾҪһ㡣
ǣһʹ඼̹ʲôѶ
Ϳţܲץסһˡţ֪ԼڲԳԣȴʵʵڵԣһȫԣ
߽ȥſ϶϶
Żôѡأ


044 ʸ
ϳĬԪڳϿһʲôȴ
Ԫͷ򼸸ʦܣԵʦ۾һ⣬˵Ǵһʼĵӻصţֻʦǻ
ʦ˵ôһ仰ʱЦݣ֪ţûκϣˡ
Ȼ˸ŵ˵ͷﻹԹ˵һصڶضôˣ˭֪ͷȴһҰװʧôԪʯ
ǣӴ򹷣ȥ޻أ
Щ˶СԪʦȫͬ⣬Ҳ˵ƣΪԣԣܳΪŵӡ
УԾͳЦǰ˵ֵܾһǧٽ˸ʱȻԣǡ
壬죬ֻһսŵŵӣ˵ʸ𣿡˵ﻹ壬ţʰ㣬ܾĥ
ǲ֪ԽҪ£˳ϸǰͬ˵ֵܡ
һЦĻ˵ֵܣͣʲãܲ׾ϵһκ˳ΪֵܡΪоǸ顣
ǡ
Żͷʱұ۸Ҳñš
ֵܣһŬģһñ۸㡣ȭͷ˵ϵͷءȻԺȥ
߹ԵߣԷ˵һԼһأ
Ѿܾûˣعͷ˵Ѿյˣ
㡭
һ仰պ˵˵ԵʹŭɶֹСӣŲӰɲзϣ
ԣǱ䣡
Ҫ֣ȴվ˳ϵǰԺȵ壬㼴ŵӵķϣõһȥ
Ҳã
ãһʣּЦҲͷǶȥƾ㣬סңŲҰһˣ
ټأڴҲվ˳ϵǰԵɫһ¾ͱúڳЩ˵ڴ󺣣ͬʦֵܣαذһأ
ǸڴҲ˵
ƱԵʦϽȵԣ£
Կ˿ڴ󺣣֪ڴ˫Եţպŵĵλ϶ܸߣҲֻȻ£һݻãңһɲзϣ
֣ش̼˳ϣ˵ƾ㣿ʸ𣿡
£һؽȻ˳ϵΪָѾ˳ϵľӡټԪʹá
ؽ֣νԾ𣬿һʽźֱٽʯϣ
ûʹԪϵĿһʽҲͬСɡ
ʯѣ
˽㶣
ȴսڴͶȥһЦݣתȥ
ųΡΡٿѿʯµĸоڸ߼ʦľ磬ҲƲʯ£õԸоƺܽɱôպ϶Ϊһ㡣
ȻԵ𣬾Ϳڴؿ΢֣Ƿ˼
ţֵܣƾһ֣ҾԲһһǿߣ϶һǿߣҲ͵ġ
ЩСķӦѰԪȼˣ϶һƬȻ֮ɫƵȻǿ
ԪҲЩڣϳţǲһľ
ŵˣҲãҲգʧ˺ҹԼ·
˴ˣ˴˴ұԼһƬأ޳ĿĵţһҿջסٿЩʲô
֣ͻǰһƬϱȥᣬǣһ˾ͽӽϾͿ㣬ٻӵĻ£
ͣСˣȻ¶˾ͽŭ˵СãߣߵԶԶġ
ߣ˾ͽΪߵǿǽεεһСôأ
İ˵磬Ҳߵġ
ߣߣˡ
Ҳߡ
ͣҺƴˣ˾ͽȥ
͵ؿЦţ죬ȫɣ漣ǣ漣𣿹
ʱǰĴ򶷶ȥ


045 漣
˿̣˾ͽһѪİ룡
˿̣˾ͽҪƴеĶľУҪɶ˻
˿̣Ҫ˾ͽһˣȫɥİɽ϶Ҫ磡
һ̣ȥ
ȳǲ֮ʱ͵·˳ϣ˵ֱɱȥ
͵Щ£϶ʿ磬ʦҲࡣ
ͷ˵ڲܼԪ£ƾϸ߼ʦϵߣʤ㲻󣬵ǣǰСϺףڳϵǰţ
ؽһδӴָ˳ϵ
ûжԣֻоٽն
һǧٽصؽÿӻһΣ˵£ӣһѪ·ڳϵĽγɡ
ڣֵĺͷ˲Ծͷһ㿴һɱ㣬һһɱǰ
ģ˭һӵĺ£ŭһٶһȴ˲ֻ
һιЦԭ㣬û㾹ȻͶɱôˣҪ
£һŻɫĩֱ϶ȥ
˾ͽ𣬡Сģĩж
ɢҿ㻹ţ͵յЦݡ
ϸη壬ɷĩΧеؽȻһһĴ罦ǵѪ

ֱЩԾѵɢûã
ɻŵʱ򣬳ֿˣԽԽ
ܰһǮɢ϶⣬ǰ˾ͽǶУôûأǾͻ뵽һܣĪǡĪǴʦϵߣʱֿסɢҩԣ
ԺĳͷҲòԣǴʦôϣôûнһأ
ʵϣҪ˾ͽϻͽһˡ
Ӱɢʮֶҩκβ˳ϣɢóϵأ
ʮϵʮ߰˸ˣȻϻûҪǵǣЩҲԶˣѪζûһңûһ֮Ķһǲпģ
˾ͽþȫνСûסǸ漣һһ߽
һ˲䣬˾ͽѾˣŻʲô漣ǣһ˲䣬漣ʮ𼱵ʱ򣬴
İҲϳ˳ϣ˵磬˲Ϻǵ𣿡
˾ͽ˳Ц˵ǽһ޴£Ϊȵ˭뵽Ǿȵ˾ȻǺͣ
磬ΪʲôİЩ⡣
Сã룬ôǲȥһţ;Ҫ֣˵һͻкùӳ𣿡
ǡİ߷߲ƽ
ʹ˿ȴǻˣΪʮþȵ¶˭֪·ȴɱôһҧû뵽漣֣ң漣ȻϿе
뵽͸ˣֱˡ
ûаĴѪħʦıҽ֣Ĳ״Ѿ̻˳ϣǿʳ磬Ĳ㷢ģ
ֿ͵ֻʣˣ£ȫڵϣغ
ȥ㣬ϽɱȥסΨһ£ȴǰ벽
ִȵȵסӻһɱУҪʱܹͷų
˿ͣŰɡ
ֵȥӸÿٽң
оУͣƺֵƴһѣ˳ȥͱ㷢ľУֻ˫һ
ţתӣ
ǺǺǡİ͵ģЦͣľУܰľп
ȥҪسϵˣ⻰æعͷǵϴƴܣɫ󾪣˭ȥϣҲҪܡ
ϧͷմؽʹǵĸѪҲһߡ
˾ͽԽԽԶĺͣ޵ǿϧúСˣҪĶһ£ȡ
˾ͽĻո£ͼϣһ㣬ǰι˾ͽֻüӰİ磬ٶȺÿ죡
ȻǱ㿴ǸӰһԾԾ˺͵ǰؽǰһָǺ;ؽײȥ
þеܵ൱ؿ죬ټϣؽ൱ͻأسǰȺ;òԾʱؽֻа벽֮ң
ʱɫһƬҰףæȫԪҪؽײһߣмʦУײһѽǻ׾ٵ飿
ϧʵ룬ԸΥ


046 ʲôУ
ͽȫԪƴһ
ֻлǰѻڵѪؽͲлĻᣡ
;Ѿײؽ·񱼵ͷ
͵ֱۣؽײȥʱ
ؽȻ
͵ֱۣȴӦϡ
һɾʹʱ˺͵ȫĸоΧ
ҪһȥĽţҲ̤ȥôţֱۣڿУڿдƮѪ
ôܣ
ԴͷҲ벻ȥΪѾһȭ˺͵ţ
һȭȥ͵ţʱһⶴ
͵壬ܱǳľʯҪӲһȭͲЧǣһмʦ壬ܱȵùӲľʯ
Ǻ͵ͫɢѪĿ
ƺɢʱĵ⣬˾ͽжʱĿʹӴԺ󣬾ֵĵ̡
һеһУǸĵɢ
˾ͽİĲ£߰˸ˣߵϸǰŵⶴ֮ɫϣһȭ֮ңûеԪԪͻ÷飿
ܼԪҲܹʹмǻΪޣǣ˾ͽ֪ڸͼԪ
İ״һ۾ȻѪȵĳ棬ĳСں̵ܶʱİۣݺź͵ʬ壬Сˣ¶ãá
˾ͽع񣬸ϽԳ˵ǰлľ֮û㣬Һãа˸ֵܵȫˡ
ȶһЦ˵һæҾһպõֹ˭ҲǷ˭ģ
ǰϵ£ʹûǣҲа˺ȫǶࡣ˾ͽ˵ţİȴ磬ôᣬ˵һҪСҪǰ
СãΪʦȻǰңǰǵľˣ˾ͽǳ⣬Сãǰ
İ죬ȴò˾ͽĻܲԸػǰ
ҲǾúЦû뵽ҲǱǰ˭֪ǰŵĵӣǷأ
ýǰҡҡͷȻѾֲ˲ƽҪ뿪˾ͽǿ˳ϵ˼æ˵ǰȥǵطҲ౨֮
˵ˣ˭ҲǷ˭ġ
ǣǰԶǰȫ˾ͽЩż
룬˵ɣǰҰһ£ٲǷ
ǰ˵
Ҹסĵط
˾ͽϴϲǰȻªǻпĵط
ϳĬûлػ
˾ͽȴͻӣ룬ǰһ
һʣİҲǲʵ磬Ͳ𣿡
˾ͽȻ͵ǰɢҪʮʱ֮󣬶Բɢȥָܻʮʱ֮ڣҪɱǣǸͲܻԣǰ֣پһ
˾ͽôһ˵İҲˣʱҲܳᣬæ˵ǰ;ȾǰɣʲôУǶӦ㡣
ʲôУ
⼸֣ͻȻһ뷨λʦദУףҪÿ죬ͱкܶõԴʲôԪʯҩħڵĸֲϣǱ׾پܵõǹһˣʲôԼȥѰңдʱܵڶ磿
֮һ仰Ҫ죬ȱ˵òƸ˵һ򵥵ĵʦµҩÿôĶûһǮ
ȻϵĴָҺϾһ٣ɽյһ졣
ԣΪ棬϶Ҫ취׬Ǯڲܽɵ£ֻȽ
ֻҪøַԼʵ
ʵԽߣܼ縺ôΣ
ңϻҪԸıһڣһڣû㹻ǿӴƾԼǹƥһڣǳǵ˵е𾳽磡
ôһ룬Ͽ˾ͽΪ϶ǺкøУǣֱʵʲôУ𣿡


047 ò
ʲôУ𣿡
˾ͽûаԥɾػصǣ
ҿ𣿡ֱʡ
˾ͽϻ˼һ£϶صͷǰԸ⽫ηҼϣҾṼǰΡ
ǰˣҽơϻصǰ·ɡ
˾ͽϲֻҪڣֵǵİȫҲˡ
ִ磬ߡİҲ˵һ˵ִ磬Ұý
Сã񡣡˾ͽϽһߣǵڶڽڣ˵ȻСÿ϶ǳһģȴ˴ɻ䡣
ԣ˾ͽϽֹİֶԳ˵ǰСʵ⣬ǰҪϡ
ЦЦİ˵òġ
İһѵҲЩǿֻţЦ˵ôһ仰СŮԴ󷢣˵ҲţôһѽôòҪ֪Ҳһʦߡ
ˣҲ粵ؽ˹ȥڵϣ˵ԡ
İ˸һִۣؽİѱϣУһᣬؽضڿС
ǣİһؽȴ˿
һˣһѽ಻𡣡İľǿƢˣɢҩԣǿԪ
Ȼؽǰ㶯Ҳޡ
İѾǵͨ죬ǰκβؽ
ʵûа취İֻ÷˵ˣ⽣
˾ͽ⻭濴ؽ϶кüٽ
Ц˵ؽһǧٽ
İס죬˾ͽ۾ȴ⣬ųϣͻһ
ųɵؽһǧٽؽղؽһˣɱ˸Ƭײ˵ĿȫǾη
İȴ⡣
˴ʮӵӣص˾ͽסЩӣȷãΧɢһɹɴ̱ζ˾ͽе㲻˼˵ǰʵڡ
Ļֱưɡ
⡭˾ͽųǲݾܾĿ⣬ֻúִ磡
˾ͽֵܣгԵЩˡ
ϣϣִ磬Եһ
ö׼һ㡣һ䡣
һһ˾ͽæЦ˵Ȼֽİúųϣİųֹȴǲ˷Ѱʱ䣬ϥڵأʼ
ȻʮƶĵطЧǳС΢΢ݣɳҰʷ϶һ仰ϱ֮ľںĩŲ̨֮ǧ֮Уʼ¡
仰˼ǣԶ·ֻһȥߣſԵٴѣֻҪһأϸĵģȥһԳɹ
ҪһǿߣͲôܹǧ
İֻƲƲ죬һؿųϡ
ʮӣһ˾ͽ磬ͷŹСɣ˾ͽ磬ˡ
䣬˵˾ͽ籣֤Ժһʮ
ҪҾҪС䣬ٺõҶҪҾҪС䣬˾ͽ磬㣬㲻ҪɱС䣡
˾ͽ۾Щ̣ȴӲ˵䣬Ҫ
ֻҪ㲻ɱС䣬ʲôУʲôУˡ
ۣĵһʮĺӣĻУһɫĹ˾ͽɱдȴ᲻С䡭
İۣ˵ִ磬ȾСɣ佫С䵱һ
վߵĸǰ˵뱣סС䣿
æͷѣȻûгȥȴҲ˵˾ǵľˣ˾ͽҪɱСˣĹС䣬㡭
ûãܰģֻԼ˵ס⡣
ϼ˵˾ͽȫ˺͵У˵㻹ܱסС𣿻ܱסԼ𣿾ҽܱסС䣬ôԺأԣܾģԶסСģֻԼֻҪʵ㹻ǿû˺㣬˺С䡣
ⷬУżᶨĹâ˵ĿȼճһĪĶ
ϲͷ˾ͽ˵ҳͷС
˵꣬ϱתһȥϲ֪СǱסˡ
Ȼת߳һִ磬ܽǱסԼķ𣿡
ͣסӡ
˾ͽ𣬡ܣԺΨִǴӣ


048 ֻҪֵ
ܣԺΨִǴӣ
仰عͷ˾ͽǿǷΣǿǷʲôʣǿģûһż̲εģһҪΪǿߵġ
һɣʵ
ҪΪǿߣ˾ͽĿ⣬ƷҪҵãҵѣҵֵܣҪǶϺӣܳԺõĴõסõģҪǲٱ˱ӣ˰ۣЩ˲ҶǺȥʹɱɱҪ߳һССĵطҪһվ½۷壻Ҫؼ䣬һҵۼ
һ£˾ͽ˵ΪˣѪģԶ׷ңΪ
˾ͽε˵һ֪һᣬ˾ԶˣҪץסҪһѣ
ϣⷬ˾ͽϣһϤӰӣԼӰӣҪΪǿγֲΪ˼˰ˣΪ˲ٱ˳Ϊվøߡ
ڵңһǿߣϻص
˾ͽЦЦǿԣǿߣ
ǿкܶܶ࣡
ǾȴֻһĸԸΪģҲֻһ˾ͽ֮
һ죬Ҳٱǿأ
һʱ䶼ϷŹˣûеΪһǿߣңֱǿǿӿؽǰ侲ȴ־ɱˣ˾ͽֱ
ϵ˼ֹʣ뵽ʦġǬת״£ֻ˵ôӦһ
ִ˵
ҲҪΪֻҪΪҵֵܣ
˾ͽһ𾪣Ѫǡֵܡ֣÷ڣ۾ֱųϣһתתּ˵Ҫĸλҵֵܣܹͬʣܹܹ߲࣬嵶ܹԡѪսֵཻܹܣ
ֵܣ䱧С䣬ĿȫǸмиж
˾ͽҲ飬Ҳ˵ãӽԺǵĴ磬Ǿֵܣεյֵܣ
ƣ˾ͽϣֻƣڿС顱һ죬ͬʱֵܣ
ʱԱһͻأأ
ϿİЦҲҵֵܡ
Ůġ
ŮҲֵܣ
ҲҪ
á
⻹ࡣİ˵
ղŵ¼Ѿ˾ͽһС֮У˾ͽҪȥ׼ԵģȴϽסֻʵ˵˵ǵĹ£޳ǵ
˾ͽûаԥڱ˵
ԭ˾ͽİǣǴС޳ǳģֻǶؤס֣סĵطؤȻǳ۸޾İ۶ֱһ죬˾ͽеõһСһʱ䣬˾ͽ㵽˸߼ʿľ磻Ȼ㽫Сһ𳤴ǣ£һ𣬲ҽǣֻҲֽϲôȥˣ󲿷ҲǸ߼ʿǸ䣬ǰòŴӳʿΪмʿİҲѾǳʦ˾ͽԼžʣȴڡֻǰ㹦˾ͽֻһʱмʦ֮ΪûкΪͣͲǰ
˾ͽƾмʦΪټֵǵĺݾƴӲǴǿʳĵطһ֣Ϊǵİ֮
˾ͽ˵ǴΪ𶯣ֱ˾ͽʣ϶Ȱϰٱʱ͵мʦΪ˾ͽڿ϶Ǵʦˡ
˾ͽܼǬڵġǬת˵ʦյĻԻͣţʵ޳ǵֲģ
޳ǳȻҵģ֮£ȴŴСģİɣһһкưеȹģİɣʮСɣǾϰٸˣ͵Ͱҵһֻռһ֣ССɣ
ΪʲôôɴڣβһһҶ޳أϺǲס
˾ͽһЦ˵ԭҲΪʲôǣЩĥȴЩˡ



049 
ʵ֮ǰ޳ǳһĳɣֱпȡҶֻ֮ϧɣһҹ֮䣬ȫﱻ߰ٸڣȫʬ
ϸ̾˵úݵֶΣ϶ҳְɡ
ǵģǱ֮һһҹ˵޳ǣӸ𡣡˾ͽЩҲǵ;˵ټԼ˼ģ֮Ҿĥҹ룬汻˳žԵĿ޳ǵʵİɶȫȻ֣޳۴ССİɣÿȫҪϽһĲͰҵÿ¶ҪϽʮңЩͰϽɵĸ࣬ɣǾǲˣʲôϾң˵ʲôԪʯݡһࡣСͰɣϽɸͰɣͰٷֱͶڴͰɣͰϽңûдﵽ׼ôӭ֮ľһҲˣڵͺɣǿʵԱҵĹ˼ɣɱ֮
ȻǺֶΡһеĹؼһҸͲͶղƾУһг϶ʵİɣɱȡ֮
ЩɾʲһïʢˣұոһΣȻְȻ£һոǿҪǿ˾ͽЩΡ
˾ͽⷬ˾ͽǰ˵Ƿ׳ɵʵôߣ߾Ƕ٣
ŵôԣ˾ͽ۾һƺ׳ϵĴ㣬æ˵ҲҪ޳㣬һͰɣٵи߼ʦ򣬶Ͱɾ佫ǿ˵İѾм佫İʵִ֪壬϶ǿߣ˵һЩϹǿߡСɣ߼ʦϾͿԺˡ
˾ͽ˵ֲǸֻ佫ǿߣѾŵĳϣ˵һСɣҲԶΪ˼ɵҲ⣻ôأǼԵˣٶмʦԪ˵佫㣬ӦҲǿߣʾǿߣһڣ涾ɱʦۣЩ겻֪ûͻƵ
ʵⱱֲ޳ǵİֲǲģֻθ߶ѡܽɣҪԼҪãҪΪʵĴɣҲҸˣһжˮ¾лֻҪҵʵ㹻ǿܹ磬ôҾͻмɵԼܵԱ棬Լʵӣܸõ׳ֱһ죬һ࿹⡣˵˵ȥҪԼʵԼøǿǿ
ţ۾¶âѶҪ޳ǽԼĵһת˾ͽĸɣ
ȭȭİǺڴʦ磬ʵȽǿ»кüʦϸһ̽
Χ˵һ˵
ռ֣϶ˣһ֣֮ǰͰڣǽ֮ͰҲǵĵ̣ΧڽȭĻзǰȵȣͻɣذͻռ֣ɣÿռһ֡ռĽ֣ܸԣ˾ͽ˵üΪϸ
˵׼һж
˾ͽһЦϧûСĺҪȻҲˡ
ôȥɣʣЩɿ϶Ҫɡɻʵ
˾ͽתͷ˿Щһæµ׼͵ֵܣ˵ҪǼĳɣСô죿ô죿ЩɲǵģĳҲչ˲ǡ
Ǹ֮ˡ˵˾䣬ʵʮʱָܻ֮ս
˳ɣ˾ͽ۾Ʒ⣬϶˵
ãʮʱ֮󣬳

ͽͻɵĵ̣ǵĵ̣
ִ磬ǰɽʲô֣˾ͽʮֵļ
Ͽ˾ͽһһ桪졪


050 
ʮʱ֮ʱ֡
ϴ˾ͽڣպʮ˵ͻȥ
Ȼǰ˾ͽ˾ͽռֽϽֻͬڽȭ൱ѣ޹ѳ֣Դͻذǵĵ̣ʹһˡ
ͻլԺſڣſϳ˾ͽЦŴȵ˾ͽ㲻ڳˮ֣ͻĵʲô
˾ͽһЦɨͻĳӣ
˻һͻԱһ㶣켴Ц˾ͽǻˣٻˣ
ǣ
ãֻһмʦȻҷ˴󻰣ǰѾǸ߼ʦˣͿҪͻƵʦȻ˾ͽǽͳȫ㡭
ôϻɱ˵
һȣؽ֣ˢˢŵˣ㾪ͣ
󵨣˭ͻ˷
һŭ˾ͽ˵磬˱ͻİ
ãԸסˣܷһ˵ⷬûа˿飬ֻĮΪףҪǿʳ罨ҪľǺ
˾ͽıӵȻҵͻ£ͻ˾ͽҪȥ˾ͽնڵ¡
ͻտһϱվǰ˵ؽն£ͻûоؽκεԪ˵ƾһƽҪҵȥɣ
˵ţͻε൲ɫΣȴƵԪ
ؽ£ӭϣ
飡
ͻԪΪĴ󵶣ؽлϣ
飬ؽȥƲֱͻԴȥ
ͻûлصùһͨؽλöԪĴ󵶣ѵǴʦߣΪθӦԪΪΡ
һ֮䣬еʻδ꣬ͻо٣նؽԴ֮ϡ
ʱԴɢѣӸǱ룡
һ֮׺
ͻڳԱں˾ͽѽѷ֣ͻؿǵİ˼һлУ˴󺰣ˣɱˡ
ͻڣ־ȫޣ˾ͽûնɱˣİҲȡһʦС

³֣
ȫһƬžһž

£ؽһεն£һԴʱڿУѪߣ

ʮͬʱͻĻŵ飬ﻹҶԣƾǵʵôܷˣΣһ֮ʱͻھ㶼ڵأͷ
ʵͻڳԱڳѾϰΪ޳ǴССٸɣ춼ڷ˭ӮǾ͸˭͸˭Ϊ棬ﵹҲûʲôοԡ
ȻҲ֮ˣֻ֮˾ͽĹ֮£ѾѪ
һĿ꣬˵꣬תȥ
˾ͽȵǵıߣ
ſڣԱʮˣɱڶ˾ͽˣҲͻˣﶼǼΪ⣬˾ͽʲôʱͻһˣѵ˾ͽͶͻˣ˵˾ͽ˴ս𣿡
ݲ˼ȥһȺҲſڣ˸ϽൽվڴУȵվס

ôĵӣҵҰ

һ֣һǧٽؽҶһƮ˵壬һ˲䣬ֱնϣ
һĻøѪȣ˼𺳡
ͻˣĻ棬ﱾ뷨ʱ㽫뷨֮⣬Ǹˣ˵ɱɱǱ󣬶ȻһغĽ֡
ϴɱ˽ȥ˾ͽʯ
ΪʦŬʯѹȴһ㶣켴ɫһ䣬˭⣿ﻹǰ
ʯҴ˳Ժվ˾ͽЦ˾ͽԭСӣ龪һһΪ˭أҵĵʲôͶ𣿡
Ҫ
ƾ㣬˲ɣʯ֪˾ͽмʦʮʯѾʦ۷壬Ҫɱ˾ͽȻܵˣҲֻǷѵѡ
˾ͽҺܿǹɺݾֻҪ㳼ңҾһ
ó㡣˾ͽЦ
ؽʯȥ
ʯɫȻһ䡣


051 
ʯ䡣
Ϊʯ˳ؽڵϻʱ򣬾Ȼĺۼ
⽣йŹ֡
ʯһĳϣûɵأвһֲеĸо
֪ǺԪôһоҾͲţһ߼ʦǰˣʯԼžﵶһȣն
ʯеĽԪȫһ⣬ֱնȥ
һʽ
ûκԪؽǵ⣬Ӳһ
һ˲䣬ɢϵȻƥУǰɱȥ
ʯɫȻ䣬оԼѱǰѽ޴ӡ
ؽն£޿ɵУֱʯţʱѿѪ
ϴʱܵԪƾǿ̬һȭʯһٽʯһ߼ʦֵܹģ
ɱ£ﳼĶʮˣɱһɡ
ɨɣֻòʱʱ䣬λԱһʱͻ︲Ϣȴûдȥ
Ժɨǧ֮ƣɱֻͬһУ
֮󣬼Ϻһ֣˾ͽĽ֣ﹲо֣СУҲһϴˡ
İڸӵһˣֻǣ˾ͽڣмʦҲĸʦҲֻʮ඼ʿ硣
Ҫ뱣סֵĵ̣ѶȺܴΨһƾ̣ǳϣֻҪܹӵ´ʦĹɱдչĻᡣ
вȫ£һѰԵѴҵʵȥһжù
ǣ硣˾ͽ£ڸɵˣȫʶ˳ϵ׺˸ȫ֪ʵʵ˵˳
ʱ˾ͽвȫѹһգܼٽңŸϾңԪʯҩһ࣬ӰӶûС
ȴҵ˲ٵľˮԵУбСⱾ߲㹦˾ͽϲͻƵʦˡ
⣬Ų似ȻЩ似ƷõҲǻƽƷЩСɵĳԱ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
ϴʱԥҪҪǬת˾ͽϾ¹ش󣬳ϻһ㡣
ٽңвЩҿֻܳһͷѡ˼תͷʵڵҪϽȭٽң
ÿٽҡ
٣
ǵģڵĵѾͦ󣬽ȭ϶׳Իѹǣ˵һ߰ٽҲ˾ͽЩǣȻ֣ÿһǧҵ棬ֻǳȥϽɵģֵǵĲ࣬ȭַǵķչ
ܿƵġĿһݣȽҰչϽѡһЩ֮ˣãϺõ似ȥҵʵЩ˼Ļ֮ˣΧ
ǣ磬ȷҪһЩҳϵľӢܱظͻɵˣһ߽⡣˾ͽипȻ˵磬ȥ͵ĵ̿ûʲôöɹƭвջ񡣡
ϵ˵ͷ켴棬̤ŴأеԪﻹĥǸʹÿ似⣬ǬܹԪʹ似֪ǲҲʹ似
ԪȫҪһԡ⣬˼켤ԪĸоܹԪȱ佫Ҳ壬Ҳһƴ֮
İһԣչ˳ϣİ˳ϰ죬߶һʯͷȤ֮£ҲѰһԵ˾ͽְź֮󣬴Ŵˣ˺͵ĵ̣ѹһ
Ͱ̣˾ͽȴռӦĽֵϸһȴǷˣ˾ͽǰȣʯƷɣʲô
ʲô˾ͽһأ㵽Ƿĵʲô
Ƿĵ̣ĵ̣˾ͽ䣬ȴһŭ
ʲôû˵ʯƷɿ˵ֶ˾ͽ׵˾ͽȰ㣬ģϽȥŭңһмʦҵĶ֣


052 ͻ
ֻмʦҲԲ˶ߣ˾ͽһҲ壬ʯƷ½˾ͽһ£Ƕڽȭ£Ͻ
˾ͽʯƷɣҲڻѵķϣŭ
ʯƷ˹Цʲôƨ룬СӰø˹
ң˾ͽŭˣһë
ߺ㻹קˣʯƷһӣʮˣ㽫˾ͽȰΧ˾ͽҵģң
˾ͽһЦʯƷɣ֪ͻ𣿡
֪֪
֪𣿡
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôʯƷɺͷӡ
˾ͽȴһɵ֣һ飬ʯƷֱЩԾҪֺ֡ȳ
ȴ˾ͽղ˵ɣѾȫˣȫĵ̣վģҲĵ̣ҪΪܴùͻɣͶԡ
˾ͽⷬʯƷɫһͻûˣûˣǴðģǰû˵˾ͽ˵ĵǼ٣
ʯƷɿ˾ͽһ˿Цɫһݣȵ˾ͽΪǱŴĲɣɱΪǴҽ쵹Ҫʲôͣ
һݻ꣬ʯƷɲźȵ֣
ʯƷɸպȳ֣֡˾ͽͶߵĴ˵䣬Ͻȥ籨ţ˵ţ˾ͽԪһͨٺʣµֵܣסʯƷɵˣ
Ҳ֪С䣬æȥ
˾ͽѧ߼似ȴûѧȴŷḻս飬Ȼֻʦս飬˾ͽ߼ʿһмʦסȴȻ·硣
ߣ˾ͽһлȭȭźɫȭͷֱһмʦճζͷǱûһ顭
˾ͽСӣҪмʦʯƷȴǰȵûõĶһȥˡ
˾ͽĿˮպÿĻԪҵľ绹ߣܴ𣿡ʯƷš
򲻴ù˲֪˾ͽȻȳȥ
ȻǸƴɡʯƷɼЦ˵ҾͰɡ
켴ʯƷȭϣȭͷɫܲ˾ͽĻȭײϣʱǺɫ棬Ϩ˾ͽ˳һɺϢ͸壬ǻһѪ
Сӣ˰ɣӮң㻹ԶˡʯƷɺǵ⣬ȴûȥѾʮˣǻڸ߼ʦΪ磬˼˾ͽûк򾳽粻֪ҪʯƷɸϼ
˾ͽһʧȴûаԥٴʯƷɳȥ
ɼΣʵȴ̫ˡʯƷ˵ţ˾ͽ嵽ǰٸһٺݴ
ʱԶһӵܣܱߺ¶ˣ¶ˡ
ʲô¶
˵˾ͽֵǶͣס֣仯ϴŹЦ
ʲô˵һ㡣ʯƷһɲõԤףֻ˵һʱǰðһͻɡ
ʲôʯƷɽͷ˾ͽԭС˵ģô죿һʱСɣȻԵֿģҪֹֻУֻС˾ͽȭȣ˵ӺԼѰɡȭ϶֣Ͼռɵĵ̣ǿŲСˮذ϶ҲŹһͰɳ֣϶
ôʯƷɱ¸Ͻȥţٴ˾ͽȥҪ˾ͽץס
ʯƷɣ㾹Ȼڤ粻顣ץңô۸ģ˾ͽٴκȻȥʯƷ֪Ҳ˽߼ʦΪȫ汬ˮԪڿеƣ˾ͽ
𣡡
˾ͽеĻԪȫ۵ȭͷϣ澹ǰҪ
ꡭ
д̶죬˾ͽУɫ࣬ȴҧƴȭҵʯƷϣʯƷؿڶ˺ںڵһ飬ʯƷ¶âһ˾ͽҲһ磬ܴңץס㣬Ҫÿ
ţʯƷɱҪ˾ͽݺһȭ
ΣͷһӰͻվʯƷǰʯƷɻδع֣


053 ɱ
£һѹӵؽ㽫ʯƷˮԪγɵĹƣȫ
ˣʯƷɻĪоϢ˳Ԫƺѹסһ㣡
ʯƷ̧ͷһֻһ꣬ͷԵԺһмӢΰ˫ü絶ХɫͦлͶ֮䣬·̺˵һ˫ϤΪīƤٲȻڶһ㣬ޱ޼ʣֱ˱
꣬ǳϡ
ʯƷѹſ־˭ʲô
ҲؽǰƣֱʯƷѪǿӲݵҪɱңȭһŹ㣡

³֣ؽٲȻһնʯƷϡ
ʱʯƷɴӶͷţȻһʺѪۣࣵһΪƬ
ϿʯƷɵʬ壬кָп
ʱĪ˵һ߼ʦһмʿԣĶ󣬿󣬶ڣһ߼ʦؽ֮£һжӲ
ܻش죬ɱ˰˵Ըţһγ֮УǲŹÿһ֣һ룬ÿһ˲䡣
˾ͽŴ磬ʣսûʹԪʹԪֻǶ󣿸߼ʦֻһУǴ϶ʦһƴ
뵽˾ͽпϲͬʱҲ⣬Ҫ콫Ϊ
ʯƷɼȻ£˾ͽȻŹĵȻҲ֮
ʱһʱ֮ϢѾΪɢȥȭذǴʧɫذŭھȻ˸ɣذﲻܽ´ãذ϶ʧɱӣſԣذպչ϶Ϊޣ
ˣذս룬һӣȵذ߼ʦϵߣȫߣذ֮
ͬʱȭҲ磬İɣȻʵ֮ǿչȥȭܿƵˣձرȡóﻹδվȽŸǿ֮
ֻǣ֮ذȭ֣ûкõɰҪǾˣԺ鸽ڽȭ϶ԽԽ١
ȴܲɱ
죿
ü֮ʣʯƷɵ¾ˣ˵ռǷĵ̣ǰҽս
ŵôԣϲ˵ͬ߼ʦߣҪԴ֮
Ϣܿʹ˳ϵĶųİڣ˼ֻ϶ɣˣȫһɢ
ʣµȻֻʮˣһҰ
磬ô죿˾ͽǧ֣ԾԵҲɸΪ֮
ĿȴǼᶨǿʳ磬Ȼ֣Ǹ¶ͷȻɺɱ
Դˣϼ˵ֵǣһȫĲ֮ʣµģԸ
磬ȭذǸ߼ʦذ˵ͻ佫֮գ̫ã˾ͽ˵
޷ҵУͲһ˳ǿҾͱǸҪǿǾȻ֮ζҪڲжԼ
˾ͽȰ˵۾ҲǼᶨ˵磬ҾһԡѪս
㻹СãֵҪչˡ
ϵԸִţ˾ͽ϶£ҲǾǿޱȣøİˣһȫĲ֮ȴһȥѰǣ
İǰٰ㲻Ըȴ˾ͽǿֹ
İòŴˣȻȥһ仰磬磬һҪ
϶ģ
˾ͽͬʱش
İߺ󲻾ãսһǰһ󣬽˾ͽΧ˾ͽһ²˵Ǹӣﹲʮ߼ʦʮʦмʦ߼ʦ̣Ǹ佫ˣͷƤɣ
أСӣͻɣսȵ

ãţҵĵɱ֮ս˾ͽϣԾɱǣʮþȵ£Щ鷳ǣһԱ߻
ûʸ֪
ȻصսһüͷŽȵҪʲô
ɱһָϣȻԼѳ֣ȭﲻҪСˣ
ԣ˾ͽЦ˵˵úһûʣ˼ǵʵﳬԽǽȭֱ˵ǣαҴ˽ڡ
ɫһѿսȴ˵ãĶԹ͵ɱСӣ˵
Ҳã
ɱ
սͬʱȵ


054 һս
ɱ£ʮ߼ʦһͬɱϣ
ûǹؽٱ磬ɱϣ
ǿʳ磬ûеɽΨһĵʵҾɱһţ˲ذսһ
ȻҾͳȫǣ
һʽ
ХһؽǵصܺȻɱһ֮£߼ʦԪǺոâ㱻նϣ
Уս˻棬һСӺøͣ߼ʦʮ꣬ˣٶȣÿ죡
ϳɱȥ˾ͽҲںȻֻмʦһ߼ʦȴû·硣
һʽ
ڶʽ
ʽ

ûԪġʮʽʵ㲻ʲô似ͨĽжѣΣ񣬶ҳֻóʽʽûԪòġ
ϧϾͨĽУʮ߼ʦУɱ˸˿ɵС
ҲǴȭкԪУʲôնʲôʲôˮȵȡ
ʦ壬ЩͨĻͨˮͨĽԪ˵ģ
ɱڣǻ߷壬˫ŷٲȻһɽΡȻƶû˿ͣ٣ÿһʯһȳɽÿһ֮նɱڽ¡
սɫǿ壬ÿĽС⣬϶⣬ĽôƵ˸߼ʦԪ
ԪܣһԪĸ߼ʦǴѪؽ鼱֮£ԪγһԪܡ
ԪǿκԪڳϵؽǰȻǲһ
ץס˾ͽҲǿ﷢æָ˾ͽ˵Ю˾ͽ
ʱ˾ͽѾһۣǸ߼ʦɱڻȭ֮£⻰ɴЦЮңûôף
߼ʦѾ˾ͽΧȥ˾ͽڵԪľͱȽ٣ղһսּĴ߼ʦĹζǱ档
ʱϻɱؽնеķǱһм˵󡣡
˾ͽ˵ͷЩڣȫ˴ȣɴΪʲôûֹң˾ͽһ±ͨйؽڣˣҪĥңΪٸߣҲΪս
һ룬˾ͽҲͲʵʵڳܳϱӣץסÿһᣬƴɱϽһĻＫ
ϴɱķתۼ䣬ʮ߼ʦؽ֮µģжʮս˫Ѫ죬ЩɶذﾫӢնɱڴˣҪɱͻԺһͷæСӣ齵ذ֮£һʹҡ
ٷϻҪսսһȣһսһĥΪʲôԪûдȫͲܼԪβԪշ硣
սҪշϣʵһ󾪣ôǿһˣذǶԽȭ˵ֱһѣͬʱҲںڣΪû뵽շأ
ڣϻؾսİ֮ʣֽʦмʦ˳ȥҪնɱϣսһӣŭܣߵˣȫɱȥսš
ʦսϵѹʱʦеĹѾ˺ȻбҫһâѸȼճ棬ս񣬼ﶷ־ɣһɣһսҽΪĥʯĥپ澳ȻҪ澳ϣУ
һ鳩֮ЦԳϿбԺɣѪ˼ȻֻʣѪ߶սӯʣһǻȥ
ս
һս֣Хգսޱߣޱߡ
սһֲУһԴԿķӡ˵˵üͷȴǽ𣬡˵ʲôߣΪʲôԪ
ҡһΣ缲һзǧ֮УһΣͻբؽ䣬׵һλʦʱǷӦ˲ʱɫִмܡ
ֻ˿ѪһʽٴʹٱѪ֮꣬ʵǾ㤿ɲ֮
һʦɱһսĴȣѽһս


055 
һնɱ߼ʦսֻǾóϵǿȴû˼Ϊ߼ʦ磬Ҳܽһնɱ߼ʦ
ǣڳǰģڽµģǸ߼ʦǳʦǰɲ
ϸղһսĳʵЩǿңһʱв𣬡ѵҲǴʦߣ佫ϵĽΪҿľ磿
սعŭ죺Сʵǿޱ޼ʣҾͲţô˴ʦǿߣɱ㣡
һͷɱȺͻƮؽûлѤõĽУȥȥǺǵնȴƫƫ޴
ýϻ֡
һһһȭһȭ
ʦˣ¾˾ʧ룬һգ۾ǱʮףһѪӿͷֱޱȵȭͷƻء
һһˣһһˣһһʦؽѪɣϢȫޡ
С
սҲݲóŰȥͬʱ֣߼ʦŭ˷ѹȥһˣֻ̱ڵء
κγλʦһϤ߼ʦƶ˵ʵã
սɫɻ켴üᶨ
֮𣡻
ٽն
ʦ۷ͬʱȳһһһһȭֱɱ
Ͽ˵ɱУȻη壬¶㣬ȵã˭ȭͷӲ˭Ľǿ
꣬Ͻ˾ͽһ࣬¶󱳣ս֮ҪֻȫӦʩչİٽնϾڲʹԪ
ʽ
ȻûκԪĽУǷĽԪնɱһ
ʱԪ͸ؽײڣбȴؽնƬ
ڽԪֱ͸ڵ˲䣬սһȭݺݻڳϺ󱳣֮˳룬Ѫ
ܣֻʣµĵ˼˵СӵĽȻɣ˵ţеؽ۾̰֮ɫһҪѽҼϳ佫Ҳһս֮ս;ԲҵĶ֡
սʱҲųеؽȻǺͽһ⡣
˾ͽˣһʹȣ磬սģҺƴˣ
˵ţ˾ͽȭͷ΢ĺ棬ȻԪɽˮĵزѪ֮һǰسȥȴ£
˾ͽϲ磬û¶̫ˣ
ѪȻһЦȻˣȴҪ֮뼫֮ǲ𣬶ıʯײôȡ
ӿڵĽԪԪȴǱáǬ֮壬˴ûᣬܴɱƽʱƶĵطٻʱ䡣
ñ˵ԪԼ壬ɱʽʽ½Ҳֻгһˣ
˭뱻̥ǣɱʽĳȣ˭ûоȴܻ˳֮⣬޷ֺţ
ʱףͷʦ˵ϴʦСģûбλʦ֮ǰ״̬˵ģȷûзͷþԪڵΣգ
ڣ˿
ĨȥǵѪϿս˵ɱ𣿡
ܣ
սһͬʱ˵㾹Ȼû¶ʦ۷幥˵Ȼû¶ôܣ㵽ʲôˣ
֪Ц
˵սȡ
ɱУľУҹҲ֣ܹˣҾ͸ǣ
ڳеˣǸ߼ʦǴʦս߼ʦȫޱߵֻУ
ɱй֣Сӵʲôƾ̣ţеʡ
Сӣ̫̫ţҪѰ·Ҿһ̣
ɣ
ŭȣ켴ԱһУ󵶣ȵǧն
սͬʱȵ֮𣬻٣
ϣǹһ˿ȻЦ


056 ķƶ
ɱУУͬʱɱϿȻ֮
Ϸ֮սû似ڣڣǻԪҪţͱϸ
Цһǧնˣֱͷ­
Сӣҿô㣿
ǵģ
ϻصȻὣ֣ҪǲŹ
ؽ޻ڵǧնһƳƬԪڣɽԪŰؽȴޱܣڽϣ

ؽɱһ켴ȫԪָڿУͱһ룡
ܽһ϶ʱʮ˺ۣѪֱȴδ
ôʦȻһ룬⸱棬Ѿá־塱ݵģڳʦʦȫסʱ򣬳˵һ仰ˣ

ڳˣȫһ
ȴǲن£ֻؽȺУǽս
ʱ䣡
ʦ뿪콣УѪ棬似ʹ
סɱսŭȳԼȴǣתˡ
սɫףʵ£ɱȻɱһɱ֮Ԫ¾޿ܣȴƫƫطǰ
ǽ
ԣ϶ս϶뷨Ҫõ֡
߾ߣףȻɱңǾͰǵ£˭ҲӲãϽмʦĹѪһڣŭȭЮݳ
ܺ俪ʯȭͷһȭһʦؿڻ飬ؽҲȡһ
켴Ծնսǰ棡
սϴӿ¶ܵ·ϣɫ䣬ֱµڿգڿգǿߣôܣԲܣ
ȻԼĵϸʲôǿߣֻöĹͰˡ
Ҳȥֻͣ˵һ仰Ҳ
սתˣﻹţԲܣǿߣôСС޳ǣʲôСɣǲǳԱ˳ŵģѵ˵ڿյ似
ս뷨벻ڿգĽֻʱս͵ͣסŲתӣͻعϡ
͵ϼս֣ȻؽֻסսĻ𱬹
սв´һȭ漫󣬻óѪӿȻܿ㱻ѹȥ켴Ϊһ֣սһ֮ȻܽΣ벻׵ͷǿҵĿǻƽƷ似֮κβҪʲôκСӵǴðģܴѣ
ղһɸ߼佫ʩչұɣм佫Ҳˣ˼ţǴʦֻˣֻܸṩϣҵսУ
꣬żӵս˵Ӳ˵ģ
ס˭סҸһƽƷ似սͣȴû˸ȥϣ߼ʦһ֮οǣ
ս˻棬ΪѪвͣȺǽͷݵСˣоΣԽԽʵӲˣһսҲˣҲùҲҪᣡ
һ֮£սѧȫԪ𣬡һڿ似
ڿ似øֱĴƮɢȥ
һ꺺ӣ͵۾˭ڿ似ʲô飬Ҳ飬ȫʱ
ͻ佫ڽաһţͻ۾⣬ľȫȥڿ似ҪЩУ˵꣬ͻҲһߣ˳ȥ
̫ξҪô࣬ȥңвҪƷԪʯǧƷԪʯϰ١ʮַŭ˵ţͻԼϲټڿ似ǿɾܶɹѹˣæڿ似Ҫˣ˭Ҫԣȫ
ףܷŹڿ似Ʒ似ܷŹư˵£ɱˣ似˭˭
˼˼û뵽޳ǻ˱޳ǵıҵıȥɣ˭󶼵ϽǾ͵Űɣİжӣ޳ǳȻ˵һϷҵǲܴˣȥ

һʱ䣬ķƶ
սĸ·ǿߣȫ£ֱԴȥһһڿ似Ѿ޳ǵȫв佫ǿߣ
սһȻ󣬷Ȼת͵رסϣȵһɣ
飡
սӣмƮɢڿУ
һŻֱϰΧ


057 Ǭ
ųϵĶԭκβ˳ϡ
ս֮κε˳ϣȻսΪ۹һȴֻóܵˣ˶ѡ
֮𣬳ϲģպô˻壬ĵս֮ǰĻ
֪еؽǷƷҲͷʦ˵ؽü֮ƶɣһѷ֣֮֮ϣд˵еʥÿһҲΪϡСƷ
νƥ֪սһȥضǿǰ˵ˣ˵ǰЩɱƵʦʦǣ۾Ҳ̰֮⣬еؽֱ̿ˮ
ƴŻϨ𣬾ҪսһСӣˣʱ
磡˾ͽһܻ߱棬𣬡һʦҾͲ۴磻ûô硭
˾ͽںڣǺϨˣһʱ䣬ڴʦƴǰеﶼֻһͷ
ҪؽܣȻǼҪҾͳȫǣ
Ļ£ϳǰؽɱһˣ˳һһˣһһȭ߼ʦһХǽ߼ʦԴ˷飡
ܣôûˣôһ¶ûУ
κȺЩ֫õǣħľٶѪײɱ¾˸ŵû겻壬ڿжƮһɧζ
㶴ˣȴץסٽʦͷ­
ɱȺ̰˲٣صһ˿лɢӣǷӣ
ûȥ׷ɱǣѾʮ𼱣޳ǵǿ߿϶иҪ¶Ҫ죬䵽˾ͽǰץס˾ͽǰٱȥЩʦתˣʼ𣬴ˣˣ׷϶ˣҪȻܡ
׷ɱ
ʱ˾ͽڸ̾ǿȻһ֮նɱʮʦ۷Ĵʦ
硭
˾ͽҽ˵Ļˣܴһ֣֪𣿡ϵǰδеĳأȻ˾ͽʶ죬ӣƾ˾ͽһμʱĴ򱧲ƽƾ˾ͽһƾ˾ͽղԸսԸԡѪսҲԸߵľٶѾ϶˾ͽ
磬˵һţһ֡
ҴǬתΪؼƷ֮⣬Բ˵֪йһϢСҲУ𣿡
˾ͽؼƷ𣬡磬ס
켴Ǭתһһֵ߲ͣתŷš
ڳ˾ͽʱ򣬸·ǿȻ£Ǵɣסذʦȵ
߼ʦڣκӣæǰһָȥˡ
棿Ǻựһ˼ĵΣ˱ǣ
ǣ׷
תذȭѶɣľȣȵ£޹ߣˣˣ
üʦϵǿߣ⻰ɫȻǶİԵΪȴ־ʵѸ׷ȥһ˻˵ƾЩСϺףҺǻˡ
м佫ΪȳǾݻˣҲС˵̰֮ģľţôĿҲӣôôϾͻ佫磬֣ѧڿ似һʲô
ţľ£Ȼ׷ȥ˼ľ˰Ҳ˿˿֮ģȥ
Сǵĵ汼
ֻ似ܣ˭ҪҵĵŷҾͺ˭ƴư˳ʲôҲҪ
һߣתȥʵס𣿡
סˣ˾ͽ֪Σʱ̣Ͻ飬ƴЩ־䣬ޱĵؿԺ
һҸطҰֵǣ뿪޳ǣҪһɣǱǬתǬתΪǬˣ£ҲܣҪס͸¶ǬκһϢһ죬һǿ⣡
˾ͽûйʲôǬڣʲôһڣǽʵ磬أ


058 ս
磬أ˾ͽǱ롣
һЦս
ֻһ֣˳ϵ˼к飬׳־
˾ͽʹˣڶ̶޳мʦ˾ͽǹˣʮʿǿʳ޳Ǵ
ˣˣ˾ͽ᲻֪Եʲô޳ǵǿѾڿ似񣬶Ҫɱ˶ᱦ
磬һսȻֻмʦΪȴҲ㵲һУ˾ͽᶨƵ˵
ǬΨһĵӣҪǵʦһڣܵԽԽˡ
磬Ҫս
޳佫սսʱԲУ
ҲҪս
˵ĻҸΪǿߵķ㻹СãֵܣΣ
Ǵһӣ
ˣһ˶ܻңߣǲһȡҵؽôҵôȡ
硭
裬ܣһƴĻҳΪǿߣԽԽˣֱ˾ͽһȥ
ϵжǿ
˾ͽֻ֪֪ڿз˽ӣšˡһ䵽һ棬мʦȴҲˤùͷλֱѪ
Ȼ˾ͽȴҪȥһս˾ͽܳͣס˽Ų򶫷磬ء
һأȴ˾ͽ˼Сãǿߣһڡһһ۶˾ͽԺصתС̶õĵصϡ
ͬʱͻȻͷһ𣬺ưǧЦ˵ڳ˴ƣҺưĵ̣Ϊ
֪֪
ֻ֪Ҫҵ·Ҿɱ֮
ǧߣùңЦ˭ɱ˭һأ˿壬Ѿ˺ܾˣ˭ѹסԷ
ϧȻƺ˿ȴûдһ˭֪ĿǰҪĲǿ˭ռϷ磬ǽᵽ֡
½в٣ȴǶŸɸסˣСطֵ˵һ󱦱
ǰͬˮ󻹸˵ľڵͰɣһЩСɡ
֮󣬾ǧŰھӢһͦεӰǰ
Ӱǳϣţһأ̫ðʧˣܲΪӪôļ㲻ǳôӣŽһ죬͵伣˾ͽֵܺİǣ֮֮ǣһգҲӣΪҲӣ˾ͽֵǰȻ֮⣬ҵУսսвܸõĴ壬Լøǿ
󣬳תǰȺѹѹȺ˵ˣ
еĽڿ似ذһԱϽ
ڿ似㲻ǧ߰Ե˵
۾һת˵Сӣﱣһ
⣬Һԣ
Σ˵ֿϣҪˣ
ĿҪȡһս
ûԪССߣ˲ΪһȺˣǰ費ɣǧ߶һϣȡ
ϵ粽߳أ֮ȡʶ࣬Ͻ˫ַϣ
ǸǣܰʱûѪ̽ʱûʱգ漴佫ǿߣܱ䣿
˵棬Ծգٽ࿳Ƚһ
Ԫܣ
ǳ佫ϣȫһɫؽ£ǲڣѿľȫԪѵٴֵؽκؽ̫ǿٶȣ͵ֲƻٶȣֱоѪӿһȥ
佫֮Ȼͬ죬ۿؽҪȡȻȻȥ
ǧ߿һҲǣϲڿգԪܣԲ٣󣬶Եĺȵϡ鳤ϡϣҿסȥȡ
Ҳǲһȳλϵ֣סƹ϶ȥ
˱ϣȴϷ˳
ʽ


059 С
ʽ
м佫ΪߣѡǣȻ֣
ΪȻ飬Ϊ쵨ǣΪ֮һӭѶУ
һĨȻӰǧ⣬Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Ҳֻ΢΢һ㶣һûԪСӣȻȴҲ鰵ͶӲá
ҪģҪעģȻǱ˴ˡ
ǣоؽѹ֮ʱλɫ䣬ʩֶΣչ佫ΪǧԷƵԪԼǿľԪ
飡
ؽľԪײһλ佫ǿ˳һȴǵɳȥˤڵϣѪԪľԪպˣֱڳڷ
佫ʦȻͬ죬ԪλʦҴһΣһսΣӣţžʹץʱؽأվ
ǧľСйŹ֣佫һȻû
ܻԪղһ佫ˣκԪ̫࣡ţȴһγϡ
ǧһۣ˲Э飬ɱŹСӣ̸һ£
Ǻ佫ٴֻɱ
ɱڶؽնۿҪ佫ӲӲȴͻڿնȺʦм䣬ؽȭͷչ硣
ȡȡȹ
һĻʵ̫ͻȻԳ佫ΪʩչԪܣȻδܵסؽ֮ȺʦڿϷ⧲֮£ܵס
ҺͺȻؽɱѪ⡣ȭͷըѪвٴʦˣ
ɱҰڣСӣҪ㣬ҲȡǧߴʦǺưмղűɱĴʦУܹͻƳ佫ưֶڣȴһСӣɱˡ
ֻɱңͲɱ㣿˵ϴ𣬡죿ҾҪˣҪȡóֶ
úúãǻŸʲôǧߴȣ飬ǧ߲࣬˭뵽޳ǣôһ
λȣЩսĳϣæס֣ʩֶΣɱϣʱԪĽԪ񱩵ĻԪˮԪľԪȫԸ似ʩչ
ɣվսʹ죡
һߺնؽһʯȭͷŰһ߻ڵԪסʹٶȴһؽߣ˾ͽ෴ķȥһ˾ͽӦðȫˣӳ޳Ӧò⡣
ȥĹǣϸ侲ҪսҪս壬ܳɸ֣ǣҲԼһ¸ˡ
ˣȺдȥγйģĹֻǺҵظΪսͻأб˹ǷĽԪϼ˷죬
ɱ
³һ֣꣬ɱ죬ȻԾȥ̧ȭͷ£ͬʱֱȵɱҺưֵܣӺƴˣ
ϽģϹȻ߼޻һʱûӦȴǵһʱûзɵϻӣؽֱһΧȦӵˣȫʬ壡
֪ǳϸĹȻȴǲ֪гޣͲЭһԣһưʹһлȭһԱԴ
Ȼ㷭ˣɱɱȥø֡
ȺսͬʱǶһ޶ķţ
ǧ⿴˾ŭȫס֣Լʲô𣿻ȥ
һԺˣڶһƽϢһϹ
ɫأȴûлңǿҪʱֻҪʩչ似ƿ壬ͰȻ
ֻǣҲȺս֮Уʮʽ󿪴صʽʺϣġ졷ʺϣġѵءҲʺϡ
һʱ֮䣬ϻ벻õİ취ħʦֻȴû֮Ӧ似
ţԴͻȻٳ˺ʦħްƤ޹ǡȥѪĳؽܽħ֧⣬ΪξͲ֧ܽ⣿ЩˣΪһ˽Ҫȡħʲôֱ𣿡
һˣϱ㸶ʵж


060 ǿǿ
ʦ˵Ҫؽħ޵ƤѪ⡢ͷضҪħ޵ṹرϤʱܵӦ֣
϶ϰħ޵ṹϤ˵ṹҲϤޱȣȻ˶죬вͬǴͬС죡
ˣϽʩչħ޵ֶΣһȺҪɱҪؽϣؽʧǷͷʦġ
ǺսϱޱѪȵһĻϴסԵĹԺźʦһУʩչʽؽһ˶ͷһţС
Źͷ϶޳Ѫڷɣǹͷһһ¶
ǿǿһսǧĽŵ˵Ȼ󿴵ϵĶ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷ֪ǧߣɿСǺΪ
޲öԷص佫ǿߣ˿ȴϣɫ˵˻ǧ߻صûԪǺΪҲûʹùԪս
ÿɲ壬½ȻˣԪר
ţǧȴǴгСӣѪȵֶΣձɱڴˣ
ԣϽתͷȥֻȺս֮Уһɭɭ׹ǣŵεѪҺ˿˿мҲһ
СӣǹǷӣħ
ǧڿд𣬡ĽҾͲҲʯ̣
ľնҲͬʱ֡
ʱĳϣַ̫ûԪʦǰ״̬꣬оΣյϢϮ
佫֮ŭȻͬСɣɳȴսȼգȣҿ佫ǿߣǶǿĴڣ
ɣ
Ϯϻؽ൲ؽȻ谭һ̫ǿֱϻˣԪӿκһ㡣
ˣ佫ǿߣȴŹʹһκȻȥӲӲ
ɷ򣬵ͽ죬ִУ
ɱңǵ
佫ǿľǴСǿ
ݲöһ˼似Ѿؽײһ𣬱ըˣֱȥΧĴʦҲ˲
ϽؽڵϣҪֹס˵ƣȴȻһ˼ʮף
ͣ󣬳ϵʮ˿ڣȴ׳ޱȣʹ죡ʹ죡ǣ
佫ǿߺȻˣصˣҪսս
㿴Сжꣿ
һƳ죬üȴۣӦóʮ
ʮȻܵ˺ϻôܣڱʮ֮һʮ޳ɴʦҹӰҲˣ
ˣţҲʤţѾ֮ԹͶҪնݳպظǴѣ
Ѿ鵽νһССɣСɣԱҲ÷ŹǧߵĺݣתԸϣȥȫɱ
ǣϴѸȥ
ߣؽǷӦ֮УȴԺϧóһԾǰ·ϡ
ɫţһͷαܣȳС
ԶҲ˺ǿ壬־ֲηǿߣǿǿ־
Ԫڴˣ˱֣ԻͬĻͬʱʲôԣʲôʼҲҪš
ֻϧŲڴˡ
˵ǰСӣҺϽϽڿ似óΪſͣ˭Ҳ֣ܶȻ
˼һ˵ӦΪ󻼣ҵòģҲõ
ǣү޳ǳүȻҲзǣ˭Ӷడ
ƾǿ壬Ƶ޴룬ǿ粻ϵķߣ󼱣ǧɱɫľɫԪâ䣬ȻҪôжԸϣ
񣬺ὣ⣬һ֮ԶѭΣˡ
ʱһ𣬡ס֣
ǧ֪˭Ͻס֡
ɳȴ֪˭ؽȥ޼ն£
佫ɫ䡭


061 ׳
ҹܼҺֹͣǧҲס֣
Ȼǧס֣ȴס֣佫ʧȻæ࿹
ûáʮʽҲûеնõȴǺ̵ġҶţУٷУһؽƺľڣֱ֣ӽӴһ

һӴ㷢һҽУǧ϶ֿȥһ㿴ôʧɫֻֻ֣ڶ̶̵һ֮䣬ͱɭɭ׹ǣ
أǧ߾ҪйϣȻԪոۣǧ߱ҪʵҵĳˣΪҪأ
ǺǧߺԥغˣѪȴһսĹǧЩľ϶ܽǰɱҲɱҪصĴۣҵѾ֣ͣҲû塣
ԣǧˣ
Ҳ˷һ㣬˭ԼѪ֣ͻرɼͷﶼҪɣȥɣҪǧУ
ŭһɾ޴ޱȵľԪⱬʱʢֱϣϺὣնȥκĹ̫ʢϵֵסЩҫԪϸһ㣬˵ϵڵĹꡱĺѡ
һǻѪʣֱˣ˫Ȼҽڴˣ³ѪƴҲҪռ
ף϶似Ʒ˵ľǧߣķŭһЩȵ˵ֲ˵ܽɱԭеƣƷ似ټȻľĹҵĹȻôְա
뵽ǧ߱һߣƾ⣬ҪȡҴ֮Զҿɲм佫ҵԪö࣬ҿܷ˵ңңҵҲƷ
ǧߵ뷨ⲻ֪֪ľΣҪǰǸСɱɱֱӴѪޱȳصһȭ佫ľԪϯΪޱҪһȭٽڳϡ
⣬ס֣ҹܼңһŭȣŭŭǰסֵʱ򣬳ϾȻûס֣ŭ⻰Ҳס֣Ȼֻһ߼ʦѣ޳ǣǾһ֮£֮ϵĴڣ
Ѿ޳ͷԣôͣԾٶȣһηתһˣ
⣬СүҪˣˣСŭ޳ǳֻܼܹƣү֮ѹƷŭ⡣
үЩ۶Щѣ仰ǿҲһҹ֮䱻𣬺ο
סˣķŭûɢͷָܼʵܼңѵ𣿡
ܼЩͣͷҲЩţСӴģֶ治һĺݣǽ
ʵǳϺݣֻΪѣ統Ѫĸϲܲ˵سԵѪһΪ棡
ܼңүһнʮ꣬òײ޵м佫мֻܼҪŭȣȳⲻҵĶкʸҽ
ʱԶ߹ʵ⣬ҪҸһ𣿡
侲ˣ˵Ҳңֻһ
ûѪѣѰһҸһѪȻָ˿顣
˵棿˵֪϶ʱϲЦտ۾ϣǰؽϣ˼Զ
бһ⣬Ҹղ˵ȥѰһؽҪˡ
ŭ

һʣտڲԣٲ˵ʲôľǧ߿һУֵĸˣȴǳصض˵ղô˴أ
ǧߣֻҾһֻ֣Ҳ㣡Ȼ˵ţȴֱղǸСӵĽǿǧ߿϶Ҳڵ³
Զĳϣ˵޳ǵĳ
Ųǰ˭߾ȫǷľԪʹشӡ
ҵүԼ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ֻǰСӣ̫ѰĹݣ־ͣʵҲȻûԪܹΪã࣬϶һ
Ľңұǣٻ󣡡˵
ϿʢˣԳ֮֮ѹѪȻһЦ³֣׳գ


062 һ
׳գ
˵֣һȴƽһըף
Գ֣ү֣һСӼңȻ˰׳գֱҪܣҪöࡣ
һ㶵ؿųϣﶼһͷСӣѰģƤ޹ǵ⣬Ҳ˷ŭʹ
ȻǶ֪һʲôˣؽؽǷͷʦģ𣿾ԲܣҪͽˣϺαػҪôľһභѪŪñˡ
ߣϼǵϹܿŰʱɹ뷶ңϻҪҵϹܿ뵣һ˸õΣһôܼأ
Ϻ񲢲֪׳աָǴ𺳣ʲôֻǾȫץʱš
۾ƽһײСһ֪ˣľ˲֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ˵֣
СӣܼΪģҪȥһóصļʽܳһܼҾͱһһȥ
ֵ𣿡ŭйŹܼϣܼһʲô˵ֻǲͣظᣬϣ˵֪ղ˵֣ʲô𣿡
޷һѣ
㲻
ֺξ壿ʱ䣬ﻹţĻǾҪһӵķ˵ˣ
һֺξ壿ȻЦСӣң֮ǰһУȫһʹΣ
һ׳գһЦ˵
һ⻰ԳжͣŭˣӸµ˵񣬵ˣһ㶼ñȽ硣ɱʬҳſڣɹգ
赭дؽⷬ˵Գޱȷߺ޵⣬ֱ϶ȥһƱˣоǧߣܼҵȡ
ʱȻĵضԾڿУؽӰֱնȥ
Ҳ벻ǸСӣ֮£֣ǣܵһ֮ǿɲǳصġ
ʱ䣬Χͳǿ񱩵ĻԪʶĲҾ磬ȻóϿɲǺö˶˵֣ɭɭ׹ǡ
ۼĻԪµһУϺȥһڳϣһžĻ棬ɲʱ㽫Χס
ϵӱڿд˼תײһϣǿһӴ㱻ճ˻ҽȻˡ
𣡡ǧ߿תۼ㻯ΪҽĴҹȻ鴫ȻСӣˡ
ҲȻøղûð򣬿϶ᱻɱֶΣڿ似Ҫˣֱӽ˻Ϊҽ
֪Ķ̫ˣΪүȱһ㡣
˵Ŀ⣬һŻһŻײʲôϣʲôͻΪҽŻ˵ϣҵĶǣˡ
֣Ȼͬ졣
Ǿǣгڣ޳Ǿ̩ɽ
ǧƨȴײڵϵĻˣͻվȥٶȿޱȡ
һ棬е˶ˣ˼άȫһƬհף
⡭⡭ܣûⲻ˼ܽɻҽʯͷȼмճˮ𣬾Ȼûôܣôܣ
⡢ǧߡǼǺˣһ죬һģһ֮գǵڣ֮գ֮գǺˣ
еĳϣһ仰һݻ
ټҾȫڵ
Сӿ϶бܻĻ巨˵ǷģҪȻôֵܵù𣡡ǧǻ˸˵
ԣ϶зҾ˵
⻹ڸͣȴŭĺȵʲôѵӳȥպɱ𣿸Ͻ׷ȥɱۣ˭ɱµϹˣ
⻰ǧߴϲȥ
ַԸ˹سţҵҪ޳ǣӵóҵģ˵仰һǡСӻڿ似˵Ծǽ
뵽Ÿȥ


063 ⺷
佫ս·磬ΣѪĽ˺ۣȴҲٿǿżģҪսģǰʲôˣս˵ֿһ΢СӣȴҷϣǿһȻûɱƺûá
Уߵʱµһ仰
˾ģѣպٸ󻼣
˵Сз֣˷ѣ
Ľһɱˣᱦ
еˣ뵽ϲǿֵס𣬶ǿǿ塣
ǸſȥǧߺҪɱ϶죬޳еİɣҪɱ϶죬ǣкɱһһˣ׷ȥȫǳ
һܣȫ׷
һ˲ֵ֮󣬱Ƿֻ꣬Ϊһ֪ϵĴָﻹ֮۵ֻ²޳ǣļǣɣҪ׷ɱϰɣ
˿̣ϾҪȫǵ˵޳Уӳȥ
ķŭһȻ޴󣬼ϳǰѪսʱ屾ˣϮʹ࣬˿ڵͷüʱ򡭡
Ȼʹ裬ȴһ˿˿ĵԥƴȥսȷңȴõҪĶرҪɱ͵𣬼ֱһƷڷشš
˾ͽӦðȫ˰ɣҲһҪȥţߵķӣǴȵȣȫٵȥ
˿̣˾ͽȴİд䣬棬۾ʹ࣬Ƿŭ
İʮˣԼص˵ʱ;ȴǰĸڣǼǸڣ΢е˾ͽҲڣʱ˴ģҪİ£սƷ͸ذıȡٻ
ƾİһʮˣôס˸ˣô令İ룬Ϻ󣬴ΣգİߣССҲ˶ϺһԱ
Ϻˣʣȫ׳
С䣬С䡭һ㱨ġһ˫ȭͷ
磬ҪǱҪǱ𡭡İȪӿſŶᣬˮУʢصģȫǸľġ
һᱨģֵǣǰϢ˾ͽڴ˷ģΪǱô˳Ǿ׺䣬𣡡˾ͽһļȻ
İͻʵ磬أôûпأ
ߣ
磬ǶˣϺҲ·һֵǶˣǻҪ͵˵ͬ𣿸磬ǻȥҪһİ˵ţתߡ
վס˾ͽȵȥֻܳΪ׸粻ģ϶ġ˾ͽԺ︡šǬתһ仰粻ɥգҪ޳Ϊᣡ磬һһǵ˵һС
СãǺúõػȥ˾ͽ˵꣬ȵߣ
˵꣬˾ͽ˵֣һοҹɫе޳ǣתԶܶȥܽ˺ҹС
˿̣ʮ֮˾ͽ֪Ĵ磬ѾȫΪе״̬
ϵδϨ𣬿֪ǰһ̺ôŨĻԪȻԳ˵ԽϨó٣Խϲ
۵糸ٶȣܹһ֣һ˶סǰ棬վ·룬ȵСӣȻҪС
ˣ׳աֶѵ÷ͣҲûлؽؽѾڴָУҪԼÿһ˿ÿһ
ȭͷֱҪҸѪģҪ嵽ǰʱȴȭͷֱײ˹ȥ
ײȥʱﻹڴȣ𡭡
ǻʲô˻û˵óϾײϣһӾͽɣΪޣǰ˿һĻӵ㣬ȻͣסŲ
ϺᣬֱӳǰȺ˹ȥԵ֮٣ܹȥ֮󣬿һ̡
벻ɱҵУȴҶ·ɱ˵ţȴоҪϨƣҪܼԪάסĿԣʹӣ
ôţϱżԪ
һݶϣһ˵վһŹѾҡ
ˣ
ңֱָϡ


064 
ˣſͣһмʦ
Ȼֻһмʦļո߳аٲ
ʱ䣬ģϨһɲǣü
ֻסĸ£Чؽ͡
ҶȥһɲǣϵȻ΢ȥƺҲоΣ
Ȼϵϣȴ¶ŵЦݣΪڣִϤ̹ĵĸооԪڴмơ
ֻһֻͨļҲǾʦģֻа֮ʱͻر⣡
ˣ¶ЦݣȥĻ⣬·𿴵˳ϵȥӣķܽȫ𣿡
ʱϵЦݣȫסΪǵϵĻ棬һȼ𣬶ǻ棬Լɫ
ˣȻ󣬼ˣԪȻ͸룬ѪһڣסȻƲɵųȥߣ㶼ҷ
ôܣ󾪳ûлԪ֧֣άôãңǻƺҪЩѵѵ˵ҲĻԪΪʲôǰսʱҪʱ򣬶δԪ
ܶʣȴȥ룬˿ҪıҪСأȻպͻһҪɱ
ȥ
ϴʱʹţԪڵƻȻܴ󣬿ȴһܵ˺һʱǰΪӣԪ
һ֣ϸоԵĿ࣬ܵʹȫֵˡ
ǰжˣֻһ·ײȥǣ
ܿ죬Ϳ˳ſڣѾرգǽϵʿǵǹԴǿҲ׼˳ϣȳܽΧһż
Ǽʮǿ󣬾ֱ϶ǿԲһ㣬ûпȥԿڿԾغ󣬼ܡ
ҪһɣǾ͸õˡͷʱѾ˳ſڣһԾգ˳ǽϣؽ֣ȵһʽ
䣡
ǽͷһ磬ΧסϵʿǷ׷׵䣬ϳûԾ⣬ƴ񱼣ϵĻҲϨΪղŻһʽѽڵĻԪĴ
ٴס˻ô似ǰôûʹó
׷ͼȫ֪ͨḽǣͣ˭ṩСӵϢʮöƷԪʯɱһöƷԪʯ׽һǧöƷԪʯ
ϣ⼸·Ҫóûһ֮أϸ̫𺳵ıֱ֣ԺǿԽǿԽҪڳûбǿ֮ǰɱ
ϻŲ·緽ֻǰ񱼣ǳٶȣǿԽԽ˦òӰֻЩ佫ǿߣܸס
һʽ󣬿ÿĵԪʵ̫󡣡ĥţҪܹ㹻Ԫ佫ǿߣһս
ֻþؿԴԪҵԪǴһλԪҪۺöŶԣ
Ͼôһܣһ룻ģԽԽ󣬺ˣԽֱ
ʱ֮⣬һͷӱ߿޳ֹЩ˵滹Ǽ٣ƣʮܾ꣬һǧٽʯķ߰˸ʱܽʯˣд´ˣɣʲôʣʲôԣҲûʲôϵˡ
ͷӿ޳ǣüͷ壬޳Ƿʲôôˣ˳֣
˵ţͷӵٶȸˡ
СӣӲ˵ģɣڶ
ϲܣǼܣͻתؽ£𣬳ǽͷһĻٺˣǧҲæֹסŲȻһЦһαӡ
Сӣˣңֶ˸ӣǲˬȴǵųϵƴһŹֵģܸ˴𾪵Сӣһ˵ĸоԾǧ˺ȵ׷ȥɱ
ǧ߼ҲЩǣȴòһԪҵҪ㾿жֶΣ
о׵˻𣬳ٻؽӵ˵ȴסɽĹƣһγ޸ľڵϡ
ǧ˴ϲҶᣬҪϻ׽ǽɱ
ʱԶͷӣպÿһĻҲеؽֻüȴûгֶ£ֻǲ²ʲôˣȻֵ˺䶯
ϣھУؽŵأվ¿еѪתۼˣҪƵûôףʽ
ţ׳ǧ˳ȥ
ƣͷ۾һ˵ľСӣе˼
켴ͷӰڿնԾ


065 
Сӡ
֪Ķ
ǧһ֣ǶϮƻХɽ֣ۿҪٸСһػ׽ɱ
Ҳʱһȣ֮䣬ӹȥ
£նȥؽͷһץסҲãǧˣͬʱһţߵеع˻ȥ
䣬϶˺ôһһǧٽؽɾӵǿܰγͷģӣƺҵģΪʲôҪң·ƽĻҲ̫˰ɡ
ⲻ֪ڳԾʱͷҲڳԾ⽣أһǧ˵Ϊˣ벻ףžͽôһرˣˡ
Сӣƣͷʵ
ϻûлش˹֪ǰţСҪ֮ˣǰǾ»顭
ңͷһ
Ϊͷ˼ɣȻŴǣ
֪õ׼ȷ𰸵ͷת³һ֣
ˣ˵ǰ˵ĿǶң
׳գͷ֣һѪĳϣЦͷʵЦʲô
ǰ˵ǰ׳գţ
ͷһЦСӲθڡ
˵꣬ת˵ҴѣǾжԶԶ
ɫ䣬ȴȻʵǰǺηʥ
֪ţ㻹񣬻ȥԶɽ
һ仰⣬ǾҲԶɽүүҵҼͷֱԶɽ֮ľͲʸ
ͷǣץųϣһڿգжȥ
̤շУǿߣǧ߸մӵ㾪ǺڵšˮֱҼֵˣȻߣǿҵԤȻǸƵСӣΪҵĴУղűҪУɺͷߣ
ǧҲͬУȴֻ̾ر⣬ֻʣ¹ͷ֣֪ȥδѰ
ǰڿԷ𣿡
ͷЦڷ֣ȥɾͱҳһˡ
Ͽн׸ߣţƾҵΪһ൹ڣȴҪܺصˡ
ɳϱͷץţɼܾòգֱʵǰΪʲô־ң
С˳ۡ
ģ
Сӣѵ㲻Ҿ㣬ǺãٰӸǸˡ
Ͽ϶˵㲻ġ
Ϊʲô᣿
㿴˳ۡĻ˻شͷһЦϷڿ㲻˳ˡ
ֱһ֣Ҿ͵ȥˣﻹõ˷ǰô๦򣻶ңǰһʼǰûд־ң˵һ仰ų֣Ƿƣǰʶң
ͷһ㶣벻ôΣʱ̣㻹ܿô࣬ϷҲ㶵ȦӣŲҪӣϷΪɵӣΣ
ɣ˳˵Ķɣе㲻ţҵôãѵʦڤڤ֮бң
ƣôɵ˺ܶ࣬ѾʮˣɣǹƺѡȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ㡣
Ը⡣ϵϣڵҪĻټϣͷҲúܶԼθڣô˵أֺͷͷʦе
ӦĳϣȴЩȻһУҪǧпǶȴôɵĵӣôһϣҲҶ֣ڰҲ塣
ʦ֪ǬûвܱΪʦĹأΣͽһᱨô𣡡Ͻ˽ȭͷ
֪ʲôֻЦʹ죬ڿʼϷĹŵӡ
ʦҲ飬ӺɷԶΪҵʿǼ
ƨˣңϷͽܣΪ
һԡ
Щ鷳ǣҿǿҲǲΪ˵ţִ˳ϵ󴦡
һֱʧأӰɸ߿£ؽʮʱŻعԪڵأȻôųϣϡ䱦һ
κȵԺ˴ǣûУ
ЩΣȻ֪ԼղҲʦ󣬿ùҲ֪ʦĺ⣬˵ͷ
ߣתǰȥûնУȻǿܷڿգĵԪȴһĴҪ磬Ǿ͵óΪǿߣͨԪС
һ࣬ȴֿ˻޾ƫƫţԣʣƫƫǿף佫ϷŲƻһԺ϶ڣڷôһˡ


066 ζ
ɵ֮أһ޴ɽ֮ϣ޴ɽ壬ɽһֱɽۣ޷徹Ȼһһһֱ塣
ΰֱʣ˿ֲƣ治ǱһڵĴɡ
ɽϣԵĸо޳ۻ˼ʮʮֳ㣬һɵƣ㣬þͿ죬ʵԽߣһţһץʱﻹţˣһڵ񲻸ʢ
оΧ㼯Լûʣµľֻˣͷųϣɻʵƣ
ϵ˵ͷ
죬кܶʣȴǲ֪ôӺ𣬡ԣյǺԪСӣܲ١
ûʣȴ˵ɽΪ߲㣬ÿһǴһεʵԽԽ棬ٶҲԽ죬ֻҪʵˣǼӶȥӦĲһʿĵطڶʦĵطǴʦԴơ
ʦӦڵڼ㣿Ĳ֪ں־磬Ҳľ绮֣Ǹһ
ҲЩѣŵӣкܶණǲܱ¶ģ˰Σ˵㲻ܺһҸһطҲľ֮أ
֪ʦΪãҲûзԣ˵ΪƸַȵȣˣҪѧ
ϾɻǺʺģԪܼȻҪѧϰʦûɣȴһʦϲò̾˵޳һ̿ʼ
ųϽɣһ·ȥˣ޲ͷΪϲ֪ɵϣνλȨأټƷʦƳȻǺ𾴡
ȻЩҲ۲²⣬ߵС˭
ߵ·ϣϿɽһ޴Ŀƺʵʦʲôĵط
ǱдĵطҪǾԼΪվȥԡһЦݣר佫дĵطÿһ㶼רд衭
˵ţǰܹһŻɫ·Ůӣ˻δȴүүɻˣҺ㰡
Сζңǰѱĵʵ
Ȼүү˳ҲǰѱСζŮӣ𿣬öζܵǰſϣʵүү˭
ƣүүĹŵӡ
үү۸ңҽүүͽܣһáζ죬ϵ۹ܲƣſζݣף磬ƾ飬ü䣬ȴ͸һҰԡ
ЦţҪǿˬ۸Ҫ۸㣬ҡ
үүáȸԾߣֶų˵ǰɣүү˵ˣԺ۸ûУ
ЩЦãϵôһʦôһŮӣ⣬ϱԳĬʾ
μϲ˵ˣι㻰أư𣿡
ԱۣԺֳ︡Ϲܿ˫Ө͸ţңһģһҵġ
ڳϹܿʱϹҵĸ¥ϣϹܿǸαװ
ιҳúѿ𣿡ζҰ
ۣ³һ˵ζﳤúܺÿɡ
ζﻶϲȴֵζܽе𣿡
ٴγĬֻǰߣȴǾסϲŹһ֮ЦˣСζɽѾȡ𣬵ʱһ
⣬ŷŹ˳ϣ˵үүһҪƯһ㡣
Ҳ¶һЦȴҲǵͷӦҪǲӦ°ϵĺӣҪϼ
˵Ļ֪ɽֻΪζѰҲϣŮӵ֣Ҳǲһ㣬ʲôֺʲôϵأ
ôͷЩϵģҪʦϣͲŵˣҲͲԼһԼ˿ҲͲվڣΪɵĵӡ
ţָ˵ƣԺ
̧ۿȥɽߵһµСƺ֮أһСⷿӵɫһ۱ԿѾܾԶˡ
ζһүүǶ


067 
ţΪԸúõѧϰѧϰ
Ȼϴط֮󣬷Ը˼䣬ʱ֮󣬱ζȥƱˡ
ζϰȻźܴĺģҲûнͣҲĥ﾿ʲôģζ飬ôһ
ˣϲ˷ʱ䣬ʱ˵߾ԽߣҲԽǿߣ겻⣬ӳǾ͵һԽԽãȻڣͻƵһ磬Ҳӵʱѡ
ǳϼϻôΣϸ˿и
ϿŷݺȻͱڣͻίǻȻþʯĥĳ뵽ǳϵĲţ˫ȭϵĺͱڣ⣬ϥǣǱ
ģȫѾտ˶ĺдʯۣóϵȫ˻ҳ˦ȥͷϵĶĺײѪĺͱڣ
һߣ첻ӰڳϵĴָﻹЩϵǲ¶ԼŨĵطڷܣͬƴɡ
Щ죬ҪԪоǴ壬ԭЩļʯͱڣȻӲĥƽϣڼš
طЩãŪϣȴûܣż˾Ҳֻһ
죬ζƫƧ֮ϢģΪƱ֮ʱͻȻоͻƣչȥˣչ֮ǰζһ³ϡ
ζǸߴ֮ʱϻͱڲζҲͦ棬ûȥţֻվ濴š
ͱǰȻ˼Ѹװüͱײȥ
ʱѱù⻬ͱھȻ䡱һըը˼ѷ죬Ƭ֮󣬱ʯڵأȻһȭͷĿӣų
Ͽȭӣ¶һЩϲɫͱϣԴôһӣ巽нˣϰԸһڵԪҲһֳĸоŨ
켴ϵɫʦҲӰȻٶͦ죬սø죡
սȥĶսأţһûд𰸣һνͱϡ
ȫȻ֪ϷԶһСٻӰںעķٶм˫۸һĨľ棬ϾȻײͱڣС쾪΢ſеĲ֮ɫŨ
ζҲȥ飬ôעųϵķٶ
֣ټ֣һеġ
ϲͣԼͱϵĿӶҲԽԽࡣ
һ죬죬죬ϲ֪ͱڷ˶ٴιԶζ۾ûԲԲһ߻ͱڣҲ˳˼ԪϸɶѻʯɽôĴɽҲǻٳɶ࣬ڵԪ㹻ض࣬㹻ؾ᲻ҲΡɽһ㣬ԺңԪƣԪԹƣ𣬡ʮʽԪʩչ𣿡
⶯ؽڳϵϼڵԪصԪǹ˳رڽһʽ켴ʩչ
䣡
ͱϳһĽӡԶһеζס조һţʲô似Ȼ˴ڼ̵ͱϣôĽӡүүСӣܹŹְ
Ȼȴûϲأͱ֮ϵӡûһʩչһʽΪʲôأ
Ԫȫ㣬Ԫıȴ˿̵Ԫö࣬ԪûнԪôԭ𣿡϶Žӡһƺһľ硣
ζһξȣƣڶ򣿿ԼĽӡ򣿡
ϲ֪ڶֻ뵽һҪ⣬ˣԽ֮켴֮ѹЧȻһ
ôһ룬һʽýԪʹ
Ԫǹ˳˳ϵĵɫɫӳؽϣ
һʽ
һδһǰĽӳͱϣ
˫ԣζȵվ


068 
˫ԡ
ζȳһ仰еĵλ˲٣һӵ˫ʣһ˵кҪ壬ͱȻ˵ˣɣܹΪΪһҪԭǣǻľ˫ԡ
ټǰǲζ˺̵ӡȻ󿴵Щ棬ζһԵ㺡
һؿǽӡüͷչȻˣڶڵԪѾ٣ڻ˽Ԫ֮ȴ󣡡
ǣһɽһʽǽʦĿɽһʽ𣿡ͷɵЦˣֻҪУ
Եʵսˣղźһľ磬Ԫؾͼ壬ô¶
ĥţζߣι
ζʲô¶𣿡
һγϽζζһףһΣζȴûзϣʵƣүүҸ㣬үүҪչһʱ䡣
չˣǿЦá
ζųϵģꡱһЦһЦҲӸղųϴУָ˵Ұԣôƣӣܲ뿴ң
УϸΡ
ζһߣƣҸ㣬үү˵۸ġ
ʵǱζĺ鲻Խ뵽ϹܿôһŮˣҲ𣿡ַˣӦǺġ
ƣ˭
ζóϴ˼˹̾Ů˵ֱǿ£æתƻ˵ζ㡭ϱսһ֣ǻߣȴͻȻ˵ЩרڱдĵطҲס졣
㣿ζϸֳһ˿Σȴͻ˴ȤƣΪʲôң
ǡҲ㣬ҵ˼
ζתˣʲô
ܴܲȥдĵطæ˵һ̨ˣǿ൱زǡ
д裿ʲô磿
֪ڵߵȼ˵ãһ£ص˵ʦɡ
ߡζתߣŲųֻмʦղһУǳʦܷӳͬʱҲЩҽͻƳʦƿӦûҴɣȻһһš
ζˣϻɵɵԭζתˣߣ
Ķȥ
ӣҪȥдҴȥд衣
ŶϸϽȥ
һǰһʦдطȥ˵㣬ҲȽ϶࣬ö˿ζǹŽŴС㣬Ȼٷɿˣͻʲôѷһ
һ·˲ۣ˭ûм
ҲûмŴСĺ棬϶ǵСˡ
Ʋˡ
СţζͻתǲһЦ˵СĻ
С㣬ûУûУûС˸Ͻϡ
Сôƭȫվ׼һҪһһǾ͵űСôʰǡ
ζ˵꣬װߣϻعͷȥǼˣһĲ԰ףȴǵ治ƶֺզ࣬һСħŮ
ӣҲȥվ𣿡ζϸϽȥζڳϵľٶ⣬˵ӣԺֻ׼۸㣬˭Ҫ۸㣬˵ֵġ
ӣĪԼֶһš
ܿ죬ζʹųд̨ʱд̨ѾΧԼǧˣͬǰһЩ˿ζǿڳơС㡱Ȼٶȣóһ·
ϼһ̵ζħŲ̊ˣڱԣһгֽİ¹ӣζ۾ʱ˹ʣ˵ηȫͬ
ǰ¹ӿζս֮󣬹бɢ⣬ʩŵĻҲΣ֧穣޻ֻ֮һˡ
¹ֱѶֱƵд̨ԵԸ˵ʦ֣㻹ҵĶ֣ȥһ꣬дɣ
ˣӿһĨ쳣ĺɫ֪ӮϣãҪ䣬ȴǲܣͳ˵ʦܣһһУܽӵסұķڷ


069 Ц
¹ӣҲô˵ϲãζһ߿ţһҪӮƯ㣡
ôһ룬˵ãʦָ̡֣
ϣǵȻеı˸Žâ⳯ζ߿ۣЦһ¡
ţʲôˣСħŮ۹е㲻Ծ
ʱд̨Ѿһȣһʽ
£еı㱬һӷȰ㣬ȼյı˺ѿն
΢΢ȣɲǴɣͶɣһмʦһǸ߼ʦͻҪС㣬ʵȴһףʻǺܱҪģڼΪţһȣҲʲôˡ
ţԱߴǰ滹вҽ̧һֻеıѾһߣſڵϣѪȴ·һƽ¶㡣
ʦ֣ˡһº͵ӣ۾İȴû˿ʮֲܣʦ֡ҧرأһɻȴòϣȷǱ
Ա߹۵ĵǣ˫ž֮ɫʦָղõǻƷ似ȴʦô׵ؾʹˣʦֲΪһš
ʦֽŶʮ꣬˳ɾͣպ϶ǰ;˵޳أ
ʦָղõƷ似ɡ
ǹǿĽԣʦҲƷġ
ϵӣĶǺö
ǵۣҲ¶֮ɫʮĸ߼ʦȻпʱ˵仰ʱȴû뵽޳ǣؽһȺʦѪսС
αζȴ³֣˵ƣȥܣǰһУʲôһʽġ
ϿЩˣһʹпһʽڵԪմҾԪ棬ҲûȫЩԪҲԹԵ
ϻĵƣǿ
ζϳĬϾŭˣӣˣ
£ΪʲôҪ£ϹЩɵɵʵζص£ȥſڵء
г𣿡
ζԵ˵ûҿ˳ۣа
ϿҲΣȴСħŮķۣ֣ζֳĬԺܲõ˵ӣôŮһģȥȥ˵
Ҫд裬ʵսģȻҪȥţд̨ϵȴǴ˵дģ
⻰Ա˵ʦֹڵѾ޵ˣ˭ȥд衣
ǣղʦͷŵһУҶǵֲס
û˸̨սɫȫǵ⣬ζ
Ŀζȥʱζ͵ס˳ϵĸ첲С˵ӣųֱϣһҸ
оζǰľĶǣֱĦȸУϵӶʱסˣ˼Ҳһ˲ֹͣסˡ
ӣЦ
ûԺʶĸо
ӣЦû𣿿Цζ˵ţϻ˾ǳϵͭƤǣҲоһʹ
Ǻ鲻ԽأɵɵЦˡ
ɵĵӣζڳϵĻ棬أǰʱʮֹһһĻҲ˳С㿿ˣ˭
˭ôûм
Ҳûһӣ׼ʲô񡣡
˭ˣƲҲС
仰һ˷׷׵ͷɵĵӣ˭֪ϲС㣬ŵԣȻеľȻҵ棬СңʦֲŭŹ֣
Ȼ̨ϿһĻסˣŵȻͱ࣬ǰѱϵĽ⣬ǸۣȻϵΪѾŭ
رǣеĻЦ
ʲôˣýָų˵ϻûлػζЦʲôˣʲô¶
ζ
ζе𣿡ζ˭Ҳ뵱ôʦֵܵ棬ζͻǻŭҪڳϡ
ɸһս
ڳѾԼСħŮһǷ֮Уһ£ٴδ𣿲Ҿ͹
кβң˳


070 
кβң
£ϻһս
ȻԪʣ޼ǿĳϣȴҲ¡
׼ߵʱζ䣬ŵҩΪǵιϳ¡
أһ
ӣȥǻԪָܹԪζǸΪϻ۵ŮӣȻ֪ǰķԪ٣һ˼ɣζ㽫ҩ˿ʮֵģȴװͰ͵˵ӣҪǴӮôʰ㣡
ζдӣҪʰһںĴоζָ˿˿һЩ
д̨ϣζϵģȫŷŭĽ࣬ŭ˵˾ʹһ㣡
ӣݺݵرҿ㣡ζͼӻ
ϲᣬֱԾд̨վǰ̩Ȼɽ
һܺܺÿԼУŸղŵĻ棬ҲʧȥǣҲ飡Ҫˣ͸Ͻ䣡
аɣϸֶ˵
ó
ȭͷ͹ˡ
ûнؽóһȻĳϣŭʢøСӣȭͷҵ½Ӳ½Ʒ֪ߵغ񣬽ҺúŰŰ㡣
Ԫնһʽ
һȣ½âﾫ֮Ȼ鴫һ㵽һ˲֮䣬ȴӲǴĹ
䣡
һգüʯ̾͵дֱ̨һ죡
Сս˶ڵԭʦָղŲûľгԱ⻰ɫࡢѿ
ʦֶԵĲд̨սˡҶ֪Ĳ佫Ϊĵд衣
һȺˣ˵Ļȫǹάġ
ζüһӣȻΧ˵ۣתͷ˵ôôûнӻУ
ƿԣҲǾȣٶ֮죿ҾȻûлУ
ŭʢҾͲŻ㣡
Ȼƶе½ٹͷѤõĽâһݷˮϡ
Ӱ紩һ㣬μٴ
ףӾȻζٶȿǡ˵ţζȴǶȵҲе𣿡
С㣬ҡͻˣ˭˲֪СħŮæġ
ζ۾һתȵҴƼͣ
ҡ˷ˣɲҪǺ˳պᱻζ۾ȴҾܾͬʱҲԼˣѧС㺰ӡ¿ɲˡ
Χд̨һǧȦζʮְԵ
Ȼ֪С˵Ļǿ϶ԳУȨһһǧȦˣȻ۵õҲȵǿ
һ˼˱˵С㣬ȥȦˡ˵ţȥܳζȵվס
˸Ͻͣ£ζһЦָǰǿٽľʯЦȻϲܣͱǿʯͷܣ
ȫͬӿ۹⿴ˣٽĶԴʦ˵Ͳʲô⣬ȴҪһǧȦǿѩϼ˪ˣ
ֱ⣬СħŮƺţֻǿʯͷȥζתһˣ㺰
ҲȥʯͷһǧȦζһĵز
ˣʯͷһǧȦ̿ˮ룬ǱСƵģʦӦûԭǰɣ
ǣƼͣ
һѳŪˣѾʮΣȴó˹ȥĻ͵Ըӵĵزͷŭ۶źˡ
˻˸ζȴЦ˵
ζԥֺһȻ֣һһȥ㣬㣬㣬㣬ȫһ𺰣Ǹҹȥ
˼СħŮ֮£ֻһƼͣƼ͡
ϼζּʽһʶĵȴҲһЦ
췢ˣתͷԳϺȵˣͱ㣬ĺҴһܣ
ϲÿɷ
㲻ҸҴų򣡡
һӰǰ


071 ս
ųһʣǴ̶
֮ϡų֮۳
ûʽֻǴһȭЮųٶȣݺݻ
䣡
⧲֮£ͻȻܻŭĻһ˶ҲѸٳȥŭһȣ½ֱ˼ʯС
Ȼ˽ףֹסΡ
ѵд̨Ե
šƼ͡ˣʧˣƵСӣȻܽʦ֣һȭⷬģѵϻζҲǾ
סΣųϵ۾ȫǳޣ͸ɱƣƣҼסˣסҽ
Ԫնʽ
е½ͻȻʮ⽣Ӱֶȥ
ͬʱζеӣý
ûζĻɽŰֻ
顭
ݷǱһ಻ϵѪӳǹͭɫƤϲϵؽһɹ˺Ѱʹ˴ȫ
ԼһУѪƮսƮƮ׼ųڽе£͵Ϯ͵ϮһΣ㻹ܳ
ϣ˫۱â֮ʱ־һȭٴλзȴǱһд̨ڵϣ
һȭٽôס
Ȼ̨ȥɳҲ˲ᣬǽԪն͸ƤƻѪ֯Լǹͷġꡱ죬Ҳǧ
ϸϸǾʹĸоţϵĺŴŵ£ûȥڵϵΧսĵӣһμʧеţżǿޱȵʦ֣ʱһƤ㣬ſڵϣ·Ѳѩѩմ˻ҳѪޱȣͷҲɢӰ㣬֮ǰѹģ
ζֱ죬ٿվ̨ϵĳϣһɽ񣬡ӾȻôǿȭͷܽ߼ʦģζԺֳ˳λͱڷģǸӣһӡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼһ֪ðĴӣд̨վɨصȻʹ˰壬ϣĿﲻһ˿ɱȫɱ¾
ӣϲ㣡
ζһ鲻Խģûлϼ͵Ŀģһ;ˣҲΪȻȥһ
һ仰ĶȴȸղųϽڸ̨֮£޴棬ѿɱŭڵԸӵĵز
ϲҾͰһʬ壬ҿ㻹ôϲһվд̨ϣжķϻֱʹѹ׵ľУҪǰСأһϴˢղŵĳ裡
Ԫնھʽ
һ˻½죬ֱһѴ⽣Ӱ½Χ
͵ſĿƽһ㣬ֱͦţϲдԳȭԣղٶȺһ뿴似ûԪҩַӣָ㹻Ԫȭ֮ս֮壬ڣҪɱټǰˣټһϺɣʹ˵д̨ϣһغ
һؽӴָУԾ
졪ڶʽ
ԪЧȻڵԪȻЩʱ֮ڣָ˽ٷ֮ʮųϵȣԪƳһԪٲֱ¡
һУǽ̵ĿڶʽԼĿڶʽԪƷ棬Ԫѹ
½ؽײһ˵ԪҲһ
䡭
д̨ݷ˾޴ıһ㣬ʯ̵ɵĵ棬ֱըʮ׵ľ޿ӣѵʯ˷ɢȥ
Χǧһɴ˫ۣűѿʯһ亹ֱܲѣжģֱӱڵأеϱʯѪ
ζڱ֮ʱһһЩʯ֮࣬㲻ǰֱڵأʱζϵĵȥ۾ضд̨뿴ǱΧˣ
ɢȥӰǰ


072 ϵ
д̨Ѿòѡ
ɢȥһ̣ˡȻ½ܲסȻѳƬʯײ
ģֻһؽ
֣ڵѪ
ǰѹڵؽȻ
Χǧӣûȥϵʹֱд̨ϣ
ôܣʦֵ½ƷôͨĽһѿѵ˵ǸĽ½Ʒʸߣ
ƾȻסʦֵĹȻסˡ
õʲô似ʲôƷģǵؼɣ
еǰӳϳ˻ںޣǿˣܵסˣܹӵģڶӵУųϣʼ˸Ǿη
ڵھŲܵʱҲڲͣŲܣ½ˣˣˡ
ԭİɫѣȻȫΪ鲼˿˿ƵعϣȫտѪǱǸѪֱ˸𾪡֡Լһݲ֮ɫΪģѹ似ԪնھʽȻһϣ̺ɱһû䣬û䣡Ҫɱ
˿̵ȫûȥôģֻһͷҪɱ˳ϣɱɱйߣ
ǰ߳һҽſ̧³һѪţӺȻأʡ¡
ϣѽؽд̨ؽֱֱͦţǵѪγߣеĿڶʽ˳ڣеԪеޱȣ
ǣһУֵõģڶʽõ֤ǽԪնھʽ࿹ֱڵԪ㣬ܽԪնھʽǽһ׾ٵ飡
ͬǳأһֲĽ۴ȣ͸Ѫģ˿ڣԿɭ׵ĹͷоڷƮƮҡҡʹֱоȫɢ˼ܣʹľĵزĹâҲ͸ʹࡣ
Ȼʱ򣬳ҧĿޱȣǿ־ۼÿһ˿ÿһţš
Ϣֹ
д̨ϣһվţһѵ£˭ʤ˭һ۵֪
ˣʦ־Ȼˣһ˽ĬȻԭǿޱȵʦ֣ô˴ˡ
ӡζֱֱվӰЩϲãǾȣȻʹһʽչֳζҲûϻӮȻʱȴˡ
Ī㺣һζҾӦϲˣ
ʱһӰӿֱд̨ϣæӣţߺţ߽ϵŽƷؿڣŵ⣬õҩٷӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôģЧãżĹ˹æ˵õûУ˭˭˳ģ
үү˵ţȻĿݶޱȵؿųϣָǡ롭ɱҡ
úúá߿ϣôӣɱҾҪ
⻰ϵĿ⣬ҫŲҪνսţ˭Ҫɱң˭Ҫۣ
ҪֵʱһӰվڳϵǰүү
Ӱζ
ζÿ
үүûɱֻд裬дˡ
ζÿȻҶ㲻ֻӥǣ߸¡¡۾͸Ĺâ
ζȻ壬˵ϣѵҪ֣һֻǴʦɱ𣿡
⻰һ۾һ⣬ΧĵӸ˽Ƕ߲ζԾɲĵ˵մϵ˼˵ֻӴˣ˾Ͳܻ֣Ӵˣ˵˵ǲҲӦɱӰ
ζһָԱߵʱˬΪˣߵĿɨϺʱһ㣬ѣƣ˵˵ѡ
ʵҲô׵طŹӴ˵ĳϣζ˵ζδôű˵
ǶģûӦʲô¶
⻰ĿǺݶˣͻԺһ⣬˵үүǡǡɡĵӡ
ֻһߣΧĿǽ˼ʮȣɱһɵӣȴˣն⣡


073 ʦ
ն⣡
⼸ΧڵֱöĤ죬Źġ
ؿߣ˿η嶼ûеģֻǵЦ
ղõʲô似
ԪնھʽѾ˱̬Цݡ
һ΢΢Ȼ֪ԪնھʽźôȻˣô͸ˣԭһΣնҪѿ״̬
ĹâˣүүýԪնھʽΪ㱨𣡡
£ԪƾճһѽӲӵĽ֮ӰͬһʽʦʹȫЧѾɽѹ£ζȻڳϵǰٴκȵζÿȻҶ㲻ˡ
ǴϾͶҲԣүүҲүүζһ£в
Ȼüͷ𣬡ζ
ߣ
ζÿһս
ζͷӣΪ˭ǿߣҪսǾò
ҲҪս
ζҪϵĿ⣬ȴʵΪʲô
һˣ
ˣζ׽һ飬һ𵴣ǻˣӣǴӣӣӡҪˣ۸˭ȥһû۸أ˵ɱ㣬Ҫ
üͷһ壬־ҪζץһȥζЦ˵ϣƿǻʵɵӣңĺҲ˵ģ
˵һԣ˵
ζһЦƿʦ壬ѵҪǲʲ壬Тҵˣ
ƨ˴ֻȴҪˣ׼ζֱӽζסɱС˵
ζЦүүĹŵӣѵʦ𣿡ֻͷߣϻҪȡ𣿡
üƣѾһɽȴڷ˵˵˵ôʦĹŵӣ
˵ȥүүų򣡡ζ˵
ҧ˵˵ʲô˵һ飡
˵ų򣡡
˵һ飡
ų򣡡ζЦݣ˵ģܹŶ
ҪҪǵͨ졣
Ҫζһ䣬ҲҪүүɱҲɣų㲻ųʲô򲻹˼ңͽүү֣Ҫɱ˼ңȥ𣿶ң㶪ĲǶɵôų򣿡
㡭ζ
֣һˣ㲻ųŬӮ𣿿֮˵ʵĺܱ㰡ζ˵ʱ򣬶ûпǿߡ
ⷬһһѵĵϣүү
ҲζĻŪðһһСϵĹŵӣĲ֣ܶ˵ζԪ۳ӰҲʧһץסԳ˵ȷһ֮󣬾ȡ
˵ţ߾Ҫߣһȴֻͷζ˵ζδޣҪߵ£
˵̤꣬նȥһȻζţҼ޸㣬ΰɣ
ζĻ꣬ȴ˵һȴǳҲ»˹ȥϱˣղּȫֿͷųѹһߣϽ񾭣ͻһɣ˹ȥ
ӣôˣζæתʵֶ˼ҩ˳ȴûдǰ㱾£ֱԪҩԣֻõǵҩԼҩԡ
ζųǸӣ΢΢ʧȴţһӡվд̨Χ˵ǵʦ̧ȥ
ˣ¶ɫȴòд̨ζָԶǸ˿ʯͷˣȵһǧȦˣ
һǱ˼㣬СħŮħ֮£ֻӣǰܡ
һ˷˳ϣһȥؽһΣȴûаεһȫԪȥؽ
ĽؽȻ˿
ųؽһľӯʹʹȴǰβֻ˵С㣬⽣Ұβ
һѽβôģζȵ̽һΣҲûжԪٰΣδţѵѽǧأҿǳʦβ
ղűѵˣζҲβɫЦݣζֺȵЦʲôЦŮβǺһˣǶ
޻˵ζ˺ˣһ⽣γ
Ȼһ˵д̨


074 ڤͺ
ϻˡ
һȺд̨ϰؽȴȻؽ޿κΣؽǲд̨ϣһ
ڶӶڲһ⣺ؽж
û֪𰸣󣬻ζסһպôӵ㾭Ÿ߼佫Ϊʦ֣Ѿ˺һŽؽγ
λʦ֣ؿؽ˳ۣ˵˾䡰̥ζ뿪
󣬰˸̧ؽ˷ųϣζǰ·ŽŪͱµС
ȥȥ·ϣţһ˵ǽһǧٽ
ӦûҪص㡣
û뵽ˣʦֶˡ
ʲôģ˵ǣǵĴС㣬ʦֵδ޸ˡ
һʣûô¶ɡ
˷ôûУûСƺͶǶһǴӴӽеÿǲһ㡣
Ҳǡ
ˣˣôСͷ𣿡
˻һȫĬȻתǴðģôᱻΪŵӡ
ζڳߣųϵ⣬ʹس鴤ţ֪ھżʹࣻģƺҲЩ΢΢ʹĪ㺣ζδйĸо
ųײɽӰųֱֱͦӰųǿƵĴȻҪȥս־ζͳһֽϲǵѪ
һߣ˽Ԫնھʽôᱻܣ
үүҲ֪
ʲôо
Ŀһ˵ҸоƺĽԪҵĽԪҪֱӾʹ͸ҵķһ£۾ˣүүһоһӴҲǱӴѹģ½飬ӴҲֱӵĹϵ
ӴѵԪϳ˼нԪԪѵ˵С˫ԣֲҪΪŵӡ
ɫ΢΢ˣһ͸鷳ˣ˵֮ڣԼ佫𣿡
һ룬ʵ˵үүûн£ܹڰ֮ͻƣɾ佫ڣҵЩңζ
ôֻ࣬Ҫ뵽֮ıԣҪһѩĳ裬Ҫնڽ£㹻ˣζ㲻ùܣٲԸ⣬ҲֻܳΪӣֻҪܴܽȥζԼͻصߣҪסֻҪ㹻ʵûʲôǰ첻ɵģ£ǿߵ¡ǿƵ˵ּһ䣬ʵڲУﻹһ佫ͻơ
佫֣һ˷ܵļ飬¶ЦݣүүҲʧģֻҪ佫һͻƵ佫磬һὫǸƣǧУ
ȴûôֹۣ˵Ҫ֪ҩΪûԼͻǿ󡣡
һּᶨ˵үүһΣֻҪɱԺҾͿԼʵΪǶԺӰ㲻̫󡣡
˼ţͷͬ˵Ļ˵үүٰһѱҪƷʸߵģһҪǸСӵĽ
ĽЩŹֹ֣һ䣬϶һɫĽ֣صصݸ˵ѽڤƷڤԭн飬ȴţȻڤԵһƷ
ڤƣ벻ˡģֵڤҴ뱲ӣҪΪ֮Ҫڤߣ
үүģһὫڤ𡣡
Цŵͷȥɣ棬ҷ£һУ
ǣүү
ȥˣȴţǰ֮ʩѹ֪֮ܲģֻҪµټ˫ʣҲΪˡ
ʯͷųϵһ˿ڣҰԵζľȻæҵؽָеҩһԶ˿ϣϵͣ˵ţӣӣҲûнôص˰Ǵӡ
ζųϣмȥСƢִŲأóүүƣ˵үүչ
ҹ󣬳ϵʹŽʧ·ǳϽʹȫɵһ㣻Ȼ۾˹
ӣˣζЦ˵
Ŭһ˿ЦݣŻԼԼһУƺĳ棬ʵζһԵʱû˵ʲôɣ
ζһתЦݣԾȻǣ˵ˡ
˵ʲôˣ
ζװһĽ̬֮㡭㡭ͣءСζζ˺öΡ
Ȼģ


075 Ҫҿ
ģ
Ȼģζ͸ŹŹζᡣ
ڻԵʱζǲţþǽѩϹܿҲζǡ
һôζŭվӣʲô˼ѵ˵ƭģûζô˵أѵҾ𣿡
һסֱֹӦôɣ˵ζټ˵ӣҷѾǧŽѪ˿ڣιҩ㣬㣬۶ûգһ£Ϳ㣬ʲô⣬ڡڣȻңȻң
ζǸίƹˮֱóϷֲ嶫ֿζ۾ҲԼ̫ˣæ˵ζԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
Բʲôãֲңζַ죬ϻί޼ޡ
ҡ㡣
ģζˮͷģζ
⻹ࡣζ˵꣬ɢϵǿģ˵šӾǴӣȻƭȴס½ǣԴɬ˵ţӣԵʱ򶼽ζѵʱôҪζأ
̿ˮζҡ
ӣ˵˽ζ
Ӵ˱仯ŮӣζͷƲֱ˵ˮ̶롭롭ϴ衭
ϴǣһˣŤŤģϴʲô˲ġζ˵վվ͸ߡ
˵ô˵ζ֣Ϸ˳ùԱߵؽһ࣬ζǰҪ˸̧Ľһֻ־𾪣ʵӣ⽣жأ
һǧٽ
ۣôأŸо𣿡
Խʵ˵տʼЩںЩˡ
ˣζĿˣڸоҪöٽźʣ
ǧɡ
ӣǴӣҲǴӡζ߶ţͻ˵ӣȷǧ
ϵͷ
ӣֻҪѱСˣҾͰ㽫صǧ
ģ۾ų⡣
ζһԺȻɿһѽǻֵ
ҲǣҪ
ô֪֪һ㣬˵ʱ򣬶Ҫǰϡζ֣ζĴ
һԥζȻӣ㲻Ը⣿Ըˣ·ǰߣת䣬б´ȥͻῴһٲ
˵꣬ζҪߣæеΡ
ζһЦӣҾ֪ҵġ
ﵽ˼㣬˵ζ˵סҪҸ˵ķʲôʱҾúˣҾͰƱҿʦѾƷˣүүҲƷأ
֪ͷʦˮƽǼƷţζʣӣĽʲô֣ƷҲܲȻ½ײˡ
ؽӦƷɡ
ؽʵǹصġζͷҲپؽȸԾ˵ӣ֪ÿҲĵʱҾȥǸٲٲֱ£Ǻ¡¡ȻٲУͻúܶࡣ
⻰ϺǲţŵСħŮ鲻õʱ˿϶ˡ
ӣүүôῴİ
ɽˮ䣬ζһֵľ飬ҲһƬʣЦʦ˵ҳ˧Ϊͽˡ
Уģ˧ζ˵ţ濴ϣţ˵м˧ģٱǸĿɶļһͿˡ
ЦԺֳָϹܿģؿڣ˺ۻڣЩģĬĬţңһҵġ
ӣʲô
롭ô㿪ġϼһѣζһȻϲЦտ룬ú룬Ϊؽ
һ·ϣζЦʱ֮˱㵽ٲ֮£ζٲţ˼ֶԳ˵ӣҲԣй֮ɲ١
϶ζζϵĿ⣬˵ӣҺÿ𣿡
⻰ֱǺˣòײſЦÿٲҪÿ
ٲҪÿǸʲôÿζԻ󣬳ȴһͷٲУζԾӰҲ


076 ٲ¡
һٲײϾصӣȻظúܿȴкҪһطûûλʦܾûˡ
𣡡
ϴٲڵ׳棬֯ڻһ
ףǵĶӲߣһγǰʱһǴľϲףźúǿģ
ʦһԸ
ζ棬ֱεٲײ͵ĵطǳԾӣǸ˴ȣǰײͱڣһһǧٽĽֱٲײ壬ܵӣѵ˵ʵģ
ζͻ¶ˣĸʦ˾ͽǣˮףʼǬ֮ˮԪˮˮˮȴܿ˸ա
ٲʱ˾ͽİһбڵСɣڲմ䣬ǿ˾ͽİϺõļϣ˴䣻˾ͽǳ˱ͽܣΪԣ˾ͽǻʣ˽Ϣһ¶ȥɿ϶˾ͽǲܵóѣͻ취˾ͽ
Ÿ˾ͽõӦԪʯȣڵƷ䡷Ҳ˾ͽ˾ͽ䡷ʱȴǡǬת
˿̣˾ͽţ磬ǬתһתѾɹˣ磬
ţ̿ţȻͨܲ׾ֵҲһ֮һûбأԱߵȴڳЦţɽɽѵɷˣڴԶŵԣҼǵѾյˡһϽˣڴ˵ͣ
ͬʱϹңϹ֦ܿͷҶĻƮڵأӴָȡǸª˸Сӣᣬ֪ǻǸ֮ȥȴԽԽ̵Ӱȡһӵ٣ŪһỨᡷ
ǧ֮⣬οѩȻѩȻӲµġ
ô£ɽ춼ף϶
Ȼܻô꣬ףҲκβŶû¶
壬ذ׼Ҵ塣
ڲߵģңǴܽҵѰӡ
ġ
׼ȥץסѩȻ֣ѩȻһңԲġѩȻ˵ͷ
׼Ҵ壬Сѩվڴڣϸ磬ȥˣѩҲ㣬ҲҪȥץˣ𣿡ţǰͻ׼Ҵһ񿴵Сѩѩشȥشӣߴңˡ
һеһУ϶֪С
ζڰȤʱˣˮ²°ɣҪȥٲ£϶ͱײûˡ
ӣû¶ɣζٲĺ¡סһ㱻ٲˣʹˮȥ
ӣشһ
ȻûлӦֻٲ¡
ʮӣζЩˣ˹Ϣɣˮ´ôʱ䣿һٲѾǽ˫ԣܻˮԵĹϢɣ
ӣٲˣ
ӣȻͲˡ
ӣ۸ҡ
ζԽԽĻţҪǴӳʲô£үүô죿Уҵȥһ£ٲֲǴӣôܵסǾ޴ײ
һ˼˼ζ¶˾ģУұȥһ£ҵöԴӸ𡣡
ζҧҧ͵Ծˮ
ǡʱϸоֲסͿҪˣ׼͸͸ˮǰһΣȻðͷðͷϱ㿴һӰ
ûȳϷӦζǰļζ˺üˮٲĳֱζȥæס
ζĨĨǰĳϣһӾ͸ӣû̫ˣһΪأ˵꣬ζֵӣղҽ㣬ôشңҵģӣǲǹģʵ
Ҫ⣬ζȴеӣſң㱧Ҹӣ㾹ռСıˣ

Ϸſ֣ζҪߣֻٴץסһθպץȴеԵĲλӿֵĸоζȴɫߺش󺰵ϰ
Ŷ
Զɽϣٲĳһ˵쳣ÿ£ƣŮˣһɱ㣬һҪɱ㣻ζҲùģţ


077 뿴
ϵðζæվһߣϾɵϡ
ζģһŴȪˮˮײˣǸȣһܹƻĵĹ켣
һˮǧ˿˳С·ʪ͸֣ˣĻԲ͸¶Ĩ㸡飬ʪܵСȻȣյջ󡭡
ϳճڿţһԭʼı֮Գ̬ȼš
ζֱ㶵Ŀ⣬۾̲ŭȴ˰һ㣬õЦ˵ӣ𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ
뿴뿴øһ𣿡ζŪǰ¶һС봺⡣
ϾסˣֱԲܵͷˮ´ôʱ䣬Ѿֱٶȣأ˵ͷ
ӣζ˹ָЦҪȻ
綪˻ζ۾ζһתҲתȳվζߣζӡ
Ϻһûйζıȣȥɣ
źζһβϺԥķɽٲˮһ壬Ѷˣ뵽ղŵΪݺݵرԼһ
ζȴڰ˵ţӣҺĺ㣬ȴֻ˼ͷˮȥûͲ׼Ȼȥүү˵ͼı졣
ԾЩһٴγȴЩңȻһָȡ˳ؿϣϹܿ˿ڵλá
ζһķȻڵĻԪðһʪܵ·ָֻǺعˮ棬ûгϵԴЦЦϸһȴˮѪ
ʱζɫ䡣
ӣûУˣ
£ϸˮ棬ؿڻѪʣζǰʵӣʲô£
һЦûʲô£Сһ¡
ζ۾ʣȴûмʣȥζʵӣҪȥʲô
ңܿʧӰҲζ˶ţС̡
ԼһӺ󣬳ϳζǰζɿץֻҰʵӣץҰʲô
Ұζ㿪ġ
ζɻţȴ˼ëȥڸϴɾȻ̣ʯͷҪĦû취ղһ£ڵĻԪѲӰǸоˮԪв١
ʲô
𡣡
УӣҪ𻹲򵥣ζһУǶѲ̣ȼϼ״ɵɵЦЦζ
Сѡζţ㽫Ĵ򵽻ԣ⻹ǵС
ڻϷתҰټŷϵϣһɢ˵㣬ζ鶯űӣ㡣
ЦţҰĽڲȥݸζζӹҧҧˣҧ֮۾һڴڵؾ׽ﻹ˵ӣ̫ˣĺܺóԡ
óͶԵ㡣
㲻׼ԣֻҰҡζԵ˵סԴ뿪ҲþûԹҰζˣζꡱһЦԼֲȻȵҳԺˡ
¶ЦݣϲԺٿԡ
ģ
ϵͷζ˼ŮֻèԶسԣ߳Աģ˵ţӣΪҿҰķϣСͰؽˣҰռϣȫؽؽΪĽ
֪ôģ⻰ĵǣؽСħŮƣؽʲôģ룬ȴþܾܾҪʲôýֺͷ붼ס
ζΪθϸоСħŮһ𣬷ɣɣǺٳֵġ
áζڽֻҰˣʵ𣿡
ζͷ룬ˣˣԡζվӣ˵㻰ߣҴȥңؽ
ĵطҲиߵ֣֮ԽߣԽãɹʾԽߣķƷʾԽߣζƷʦųרȥ
յһ˱㵲ſڣζϽ˺һץסϵ֣Ȼ˵ÿù
ݹ涨ʦý򣡡


078 
ݹ涨ʦý򣡡
˵仰ˣȻŭˣѾ˺ƤҪأ֮ɴϳҲͲϣһ˵ʵ
ζ˵һ𳤴ȴû÷ĸоǲ̣ټϳ£͸ζˣּǰ棬ζ˵ģҸ㡣
ңʲôʸңҵδޣȴдӹһ𣬻ˮ̶ҡԽ˵ԽߣֱоͷһƬ̹⡣
ζȴЦˣڳϵļϣСŮҸ״ȴ˵ҴûΪδޣŸɾһ㣬ƾ㣿ߣ
֪Լζ˵ƣһǰǷ΢ζڲ𣿲˵ģζôЩӣǰֺˮڻҪؽķϣ˦־
Ȼܣжرĳ
ζҵ㲻ˣʶʮˣʶСӶãûһ°ɣ˵ﲻ
ζЦģǲù𣿡
һ仰ֱͶ֣ǰˣֲһùóڤͲһˣʹ˽үүҲý
ô˵ܽȥ
𣿡ζһ˿ЦһǵҪȥԡ
ζҡǻӢӣѾÿ¡
ұǲҪְͶԣζ㲻ˣȻƾ̣򲻹ϣиƾ̡
㡭
ʲô㣬Ͻõһȥ
ƫãҪӲͱҲˡЩ˷ܵζưͲóϾӲȥһռɣóڤնɱҲõκκ
׳աζҲ˼һ䣬Ӵָóһƣݸϣ˵ӣţҵҪ˭㡭
ǿƣ۾Ѿֱˣɫÿˡ
ζһһ˵˭Ҫ㣬ɱۣ
ζ㾹ȻƸһˣҡ
үүĹŵӣʦ壬𣿡ζѵҲ£
˵꣬ζųϵֱۣ˽ȥǿƣȷʵסƿţĵȥ
ʮֵμֵıõһߣζЯ˽ȥѾŤˣָڽݺһ죬ǻҵҪ
Ͽϵһڻд󽣣˵˼
ζһƣƿǷͬСɣҪȥ˵ͻһȷѪꡣȳϼȥζܵӣЦĵط
˽ȥûڼǷͷֹģֻһС¯ΧŸָĲϣζ˵ţôɣ˵ؽҪʲôϣ
Ȼûȵϻشζϲ˵Ҫѽӵǧ϶ҪʯؽҪٲаʯ
ζ˵һѲϣֱӽָе϶ӵ˵ϣŲϸŽܣ˵ʲôԣܹʲô;ȵȡ
ӣʯҵʱʱҵģ͸һЩʯӲȸߣ̺ŴĻԪҪǻԣܽʯҲһȥ
΢΢һζԽʯһƽȥ
ӣǽ˫ԣʯȥȫ˷ѣʯǷǳϡٵġζɻ󣬳˵ʯǻӲ𣿡
ζͷ룬⵹ҲǣʵǺ˷ѣӦԺһֱҳԣ
ãҲû룬ش
̫үү򺣵ȡʯ̺ḻʯԴγĻᡣ
ζֽ˾ԭʯһЩϣõһɫʯͷüͷȴκ˵ʯͷʲôҵˣҼǵСʱһɽ񵽵ġ
ˣϾô࣬㹻ؽӵǧһĹܡζ˵ţһУм¯ðܴ𡭡


079 ۻԭ¯
ܣζóһԪʯһΰںãһ߰ڣζһ߽ܣǾۻܹƷףʦʩ֮ۻУǻζ֮ͨۻǱǼ𣻻ƷԽߣĵԪʯԽ࡭
ζ˵ʱȫûƽʱǸСħŮģһ棬˵Ůÿζϴʱ׽仰ζñһζ
÷ͷʦʩż֮Ǿۻ󣬳Ļʲô𣿡ţϱʵʩż֮أ
ζһ㶣Ц˵ۻҲȱݵģʩŵǼ֮𣬾ۻûЧˣü֮Ӿǲܱɷ֮ġ֮ѾþûˣүүҲֻǳļ֮ʵۻҲʹЧȽԣΪĵص̲һҲΪƵĸƷʷ϶࣬ɲ¡
ѹָоĻԪطҪŨöࡣϸս뷿ʱ򣬱оˣѾڰֻζΪоѡ
ˣۻںˣӣؽҡζ֣óؽҪŵϣȴʵζõؽ
ˣһ̬ζͷԼؽŵԭ¯
˵꣬ζϥϻδؽŽ¯һֵĸоؽ¯һңһǧٽؽ㸡ˡ
ˣӣÿ
ζ˵ţ־ɫ𽥱ˣǵƣȻǳȻƣǴĿĻ죬һתͻȻһתֳɫһϵԷڡ
ϱ֪ζ֮۷壬ͿҪͻƵ
Ϻɫ潫ؽΧؽȴûһۻƣζ۾ɻ󣬡ô᲻ۻأתʳϣӣؽʲôƶɵģ
֮ɫǼ֮𣡡
֮𣿡ζֱ۶ӣô˵
Ϊ֪أ
ֲҵĽô֪ζ˵ţˣ½ؽײˣؽ϶򵥣ֻǣ֮𣿱ʩż֮ģҲͼ˶ѣЩҲһʩų֮žԵĹϵô˭ؽأ
ͷһζְעϣеʵζǲǲˣ
ζ˼һתЦۻЩֻǼôܹأ
üë˵а취
а취ζΪȣʲô취
⼫֮ңȻʩŻ棬ͨۻ󣬾м֮ˡ
ϵĻζһ㶣Цӣ˼ü㣿ճɻҽŹ֣˵ˣʩŻ棬ǻԲŶԣѾǽˣôܻлԣ
ζΪ˵Ļ췽ҹ̷⣬ζ˼˵һ˵лԣʩǼҲǲģΪүүûнרŵⷨۻһ̣㿪ʼУһֱΣֱɣٲˡ
ΰ죿üͷ
ζꡱһЦӣãһдٻۣģƽؽҵľûˡ
ζϧ˵ȴǺԥؽڷۣŽԭ¯
ȻЧؽʼۻֻۻٶȺζһѾͨ죬ֹţȥҵԪֲ֧˽ؽۻꡣлԪ
һ̾ϢΪǿˣôû˲˵һôһУԺҴӲ
ζۻؽͷƫƫûƾƷʦΪؽˣô죿
ͬʱҲǸ̾Ϊؽ࣬صӿȪ౨
ϥԭ֮¯Ǭ֮Ԫ壬ŻԪͬʱעζһʲô£ǿΪζַͷеһ
ζųԭ֮¯ŵôȴһܵӣζֱ˾κˣ˽֮⣬лԣԣ⡭


080 
ԣųĻɫζ֤ʵԼĲ²⣬ӡ
ʲô£
ˣûʲô¡ζʳϻʲôߣ˻ȥΪʲôϵأ
ô˵ɵĵӣԽãɵİҲԽ󡣡ζôһ룬㽫е˼ȫһһؽ
ʱ׾Թ϶Ȼѡ
ʱȥؽۻ˽֮Ȼؽۻܸоؽλڣ̴棻عԼζζȻ԰һƬ
һǸ߹ԼˣǺүүһ㣬ƷʦΪζţԪ
ʱȥؽԭ¯ϷȫˮζһҺãڷ۸պúʣһ㣬֮ǰһУȫ׷ѹˡ
ζһĵأʯɵԭ¯ʱԭ¯Ϸˮζּ뾫ʯаʯȵȲϡ
ţϺɫ͵شɸߣˮڻУǱտĿˮһҺ˵սľһעʹӰɽϡ
̫ԪˣԪʯͬĵÿ졣ζľַԪųϺӣЩԪʯǰڷŵλ÷źá
¡
Щ֮ζûм룬зϣЩϣܵڻϣԱƳܵؽ
һ̣ζʱζѾʮԪԪʯҲΡ
棬ҪԪ󡣡ζ룬Ұ⽣Ҫҵ˰ɡô룬ζȴ˿רר
ԭ¯ϷˮϷţʱðһ̣Щʱ˳ˮڽСС
ζһУҲԭ¯һԭ¯Ϻɫ棬ֱɸߣһһ룬ζԪٶȣǼӿ졣
ϿľΪζɫѾһ˿˿ѪɫϻкһЩûм롭
˿̣Ѿʮʱζ⣬ûȥüͷĿ⣬ʲô켴һߣʲôһƷʦƷͲˣҵڤ޷ȡ
ʱԭ¯ϷˮþӨ͸ˣˮ֮У˿˿ţˮÿһ֮䣬ڻһ𣬷ֲҲڲʹһ
׼ĻԪ١ζһѵҩֽԭʯֲϣŽԭ¯ζţȻѾôĲϣǾҪؽƵá
ţζȻ˿⣬ӴָóһСƿСƿȭͷСƮ𣬷ɵһ̲ˮƿԶ򿪣β֪Һ£ӨŻˮ˲ԼէĹâ
ӣԪʯζµ˳
ζӵĲԽ࣬ĵԪʯԽ࣬õҩĴԽ࣬ɫԽ԰ףϵԽǾ飬̫
֪Уһһҹȥˣζ۾ǾͷǴ죬ԭ¯ϷѲˮֱһѽģؽҲֻ࣬⽣СԭȵؽС˼ʮֱؽĳС档
ζһһֲϣСʱζֽʯ˽ȥ̸оؽĽϣһεҫں˽ȥ
ζ԰׵ϣЦݣϾֻʣǿ鲻֪ĺʯͷζһ˼㽫ʯͷӽԭ¯
ʯͷһ¯ͱ¡¡ϷѳεؽȻѿζɫ䣬ǸѪƺ˺صˡ
ζôˣϽʵ
ζûлӦϣֻǽָװԪƿתﵹԺﻹ˼ǿʯͷʲôҵԪĵúÿ죬ԪָԪȻϲĵԪǽôѣ
Ԫʯ죡ζǽûģĿǰƣҲƷʦܿƵķΧ
ǣζûзҧݣתø죬ҶҪֵҪؽɡ
ζ֪ǣǺ¡¡Ρɽ֮䡭


081 ѡ
䣡䣡䡭
಻ƺӴ
ӣȫʣʲôǴﴫġ
¡Ѿ붨˳ˣۣʲô¶һʣӰ㳯ȥ
ͬʱӰۼڱչصҲˣѾжȥڱԹ⵽˭ŪģҵϰһһƷأûˣûˡ
ɫͺȻ㣬ôζʲô
ȥȴֲң¶Լﻹ񶾵ҪըȫըǶãζҲˣеϧˣһûأ
ķ׷ţȫȻûиŵζˣϲͣذڷԪʯЩԪʯۿɼٶȱɷĩԪ̫
ζͣطŻԪԪʯĵ̫죬ִӴָͳһЩԪʯ˵ӣЩԪʯЩƷԪʯ
ʯͷԭ¯һ㣬ζһ˿ڣ֪Ͳʯͷˣζڵԭ¯ܲܵסײҪԭ¯ըֱǲ룬ؽƲɲ˵ʹӵΣա
ϼζüɫ֪ʲôһȣζȫҪڣҪģܳɹġ
ζһ󶨣ĿҲᶨԽԽ٣ԭ¯ϷεؽȻȫΪһ̲ˮ
ѵҪǰҲţ
ֹһѻԪζȥǵѪȫģԪ̲ˮȻ۳ؽ֮Ρ
˶ȵؿֱ仯Ѿվζбǰ׼һ¹ʷζǰǿѪ֮ζ
һӣؽһγΣ¡ûʧԽԽ⣬Ѿɵĺö϶ʵ˭
ǰһ˵ˣζС
˭϶ƽȴǲŭ
ơ
˭ôû˵Ǹսɵĵ𣿡
Ĺŵӡûк˵϶һʦ嵽ûУ
ڱչأѾڸ·ϰɡ
϶ײĺ¡ɫԽԽأζ̫֣ʲôȻǳôĶʱˣ
ˡʵشˬΪо˶ƺܲð
ʱ̣˭ҲóȻҪһСģʲôǿ϶Ǳ¯ĺ϶ܽȴš
ڣؽֻΪˮոջˮ۳ؽ
ֻᣬܶʼ֪ʱǸͷһΪˮٶԽԽ죬ؽٶҲԽԽ졣
˿ˮؽ
ζһۣΪʲôֱ仯ζʵǿʯͷʲôʯͷ
ϿŸԭ¯Ϸı仯ȴһ˿򣬡ֱ仯ͺԪʱڵѪһ
ϸľ飬жؽԲһ㣡
ͻأϸоڵ¶ԽԽߣζѾҡҡ׹ڴŷζҲоֱ仯ϱѴһܻ£ϧʱ¶ȣѾ˱ܻµļޣζִӴָóɫҩ̷ȥźһ㡣
ˮؽڲͣؿתؽĴСѾ֮ǰĺ¡¡죬ʱѾܳòһ
ˡ
ζһУһҰ׵£ûлԪˡ
ϴ󼱣еζȥؽûɾˡ
ζСħŮֱôϣѾ˽ȥʱôĸʣҲĸʣ
ϼζһļͻ뵽ָҲһЩҩ֪ЩҩûãΪֱЩҩģʱ˿̣Ҳܲô࣬ȫ˳ζ¡
ζһµҩʵʲôоȻԪҪһ㡣
þͺãþͺáµľⵤҩûá
ԭ¯Ϸؽʼ졭


082 ը¯ɫ
һʱʱؽѣ
ʵ˵ؽƣѾȫɹֻǿʯͷؽ䣬ζ
ϸܹãǣٹҲоͷ
һκľ֮ζǵѪʵÿˣϿľͣȰζȥζǲȥҪƵĽʲôһ
ۿζԽԽΣֽͻȻ뵽ʦ˵ѪҺһ㣬ĺԭϡ
һ룬һݣó󴦵Ѫܣյζߣ˵ȥ
ζһ㶣ӣڷʲôҺѪʲôã
ô࣬ȣͺȣ˵꣬ҲζԸⲻԸ⣬Ѫζ
Ѫһζڣ㴫һĸоⲻҪģҪǣζоѪҺŨԪ
̧ͷζ۾ɻ󲻽⡣
ͬʱӿжﲻͣţӣһӡ
䣡
һ죬֮УؽѾϰٴΡ
ԽԽȣζȻȳϵѪݻѾָܲ£ǵҲ޼¡
ӣԪʯûˣ졣ζƿ󺰵ǵϵԪʯƷԪʯƷԪʯѾĵһɶζָҲûԪʯ
ô죿ô죿ζȫȻˣһؽĿǲᣬڵֻܰοԼһûгɹһΡ
ʱͻȻоʹմ̹ǵʹţŵòԼоʹζ϶ܲˡ
תͷȥֻζȻڵء
ԥץסζȥܳȴ˳ɣ壬Ҫץסÿһᣬ֪ʲô䣬ֻ֪ᣬĴûᡣ
䣡һ죬ǰȫͬǰһصһ֮󣬱ʧˡ
ϲ룬ǿʯͷȫˡ
Ǵ̹ǵʹӿһԽԽʹϴţֱζ˳ȥֻصԭ¯ԣƴţš
ңϻһ£ԭ¯ѾûζĲٿأζҲûʩչά־ۻԪʯûˣ˵ؽӦֹͣ飬ǻٵŶԡ
ǣϺɫ治ûɢԽԽڣؽڽ֮䣬ǹ졣
顭
صһֹ͵һѪѪպòã絽ؽϣһ˲䣬ؽǴ
ֱ仯˷ͷʦ˵ĻϽվʹ󴦻һѪʼ쭣ȫ쭵ؽϡ
Ѫؽ죬˸˵ʱ򣬴ŻĿһ㣻һߵѪһָоǹʹԽԽʹҪܳʹļޡ
棬ζѾ϶ĻУ϶ιζҩ֮Ԫζҵľһ飬ȥ˻𶾣϶Ķͷ϶ðŴŵĺˮζ
ոζǰˣô
ٲ㶼Ҫɷһתӽ𣬵綴֮ࡣ϶ζҪͻʲôæӣأ
ʲôӣ˭Ǵӣ
ƣүүĹŵӡ
˳Ӧû档϶˵꣬ζɫ䣬תҪȥ϶һץסҺúվţʱȥ
ĵģĪãζˣƻ棬ʱ¯һըƾ֮أζҵģ˭Ҳˡ
ζץס֣󼱣һߵæүүȾȴӣȥ
ҲһɫǺڣʱչأҪչأͲᷢ¶ƿǡ
ţоص׺𶯣¶֮ɫеҿÿ뿪Ҳо쳣϶ץŮץסһȺ˷ɿȥͷ˿˶ţҲ뿪ȥ
ʱ顱һԭ¯ըˣǰؽڻųϵѪܱըѾѪɫ԰һƬ
ԭ¯ĵطǴһɻ棬һɰɫĻ棡
ŵϢ֪ɫĻʲô𣬵ɫĻȼ֮Ҫ϶Ҫ뿪ȴ벻ˣ
ǧһ֮뵽ħʦµöԪָ


083 Ķ
ԪָڰɫҪϰΧһɲǣϴӴָĴָϡ
ħѾãԪָûħӵӡڣԪһϾӡټϳϻŵѪ͸ԪָԪָ˳Ϊо˿һ˲֮䡣
һ׹һȦ㽫ǰɫ赲⡣
ԪָãϴһʦôһҪȻ϶ɫ
뵽ɫϮʱǿֲʹҲ£ȻġǬǻԵĿǰǿɲԵǾһʮ
ڰɫӵصðһɲǣϾ˺صˣﴫһɹյʹ
ȻʹȻԪָİ׹⵲ס˰ɫ棬ϲ˿⣬ĻԪԴԴϵعӦԪָ
ԪָѪôӶûһ𻵣ټħҪľǿߵһʵطǳǿ󣻵ǣӦأҪԪҲǿ
ؼǵãħʦµǰײдţԪľ޷ӦԪָ裬űѪ綾ʴ
ԳڵţԪ֧֣Եص׵İɫ浽Ҫ緢ã
Ͼ׽ǹʹʹ˵һľͬʱԪĿǽǱɫմŵؽؽڰɫķ֮£ؽڵ÷Թӡ
⣬ϵԺ︡豹棡ؽ޷棡
ЩóϸоȣϾô˼¶϶ϡŹ֮֡£Ѿ˺ܴ
ٴҲֲסϴʱ𾪣оԼؽһϵؽڰɫҫϱһĸоؽڻȸԾ
⣬ɵӣȫվԶԶģǳİɫ棬ôԶܸоϮˡ
𣬿϶ɽĵػ𡣡˵
϶Ƿŭɽ׵ĻһʧΪɣ϶ʵʧȥ֮һĵλǽɵʦνкپ֮λ
ζ㵽ʲô϶Ůŭȡ
ζȴδű޹ֹȾۣʱ˺ڣΪʲôҪΪʲôҪǿʯͷѾɫճɻҽ˰ɣӡ
϶Ůᣬŭʢζƽʱ㵽ǣֵǼɹҶ㣬㾹ֳ£ʧҪһ
ʧҡζлζͷһһ
϶ͷᣬһʱסеζǼġлĸڵ˵ģĵģɣּᶨĳƣѾˣòһۼ
ڣؽԾȴоԪЩˣЩݽߣԪˣǰЩٲˮԪҲľˣԪԪȵȣȫʣһ˿һɫ滹ڴ󷢻
ѵҪ
ͷڳϵؽ㷢ˡؽԵشУصɽ䣬ֱġ
ͬʱڣЩǹȫֹסزеǰƷڤҲ𶯲ѣҪ䡭
϶˸Ǵ󾪣ζʲôȻ
ڳϿ֧Ųסʱؽˡͣ£ʧɫҲ緢ĵط˻ȥϼ״û˿ɣ˷֣嵽ǰҪһŰɫ棬ҪٴθѪҺľʹ
ɲǼ䣬ʹֱÿһϸ
˲֮󣬰ɫʧӰ٣ϥĿֹסزϸϸһ¶ЦһٽӴ֮ʱܰʹʤ㣬ִ˼֡
ɫʲô𣬱ȼ֮Ҫܽ˻շǡûмȥ̧ͷʮУһ˸оؽ뿴ڵؽǺģ
һؽԶɵ˳УŴ죬Ŀ࣬ؽԪʹؽĺ˵طɵС
Ķ
֮󣬱Ǵϲ
ȻԵɣ϶Ŵĺô
ЩԵĿֵ࣬ˣ
ţ洫һ˵µӡ


084 ִһ漣
ӡ
ζ˺һˣʶûãһ¶٣ԺʱһĻĻ
ŭֱܣδһˣ˵һĳ裬ЦݣνУСӣ֮ˡ
϶ˣǴ֣СħŮתˣ
ȻڵעǷζϣǹעʧǴڡ
İɫʧˣЩϽȥǶʱҶۣڽȥһٵȻٽȥһ̽Ͼǰɫ棬ǶǲĴڡ
ζȴô࣬һǰ壬Ҳ֪޷Ҵڰɫ棬Ҫȥһܳһͱ϶ץסˣһ£ڽȥΣա
ҪлΣʲôζִ֡
վס
ζǴŻȭͷ϶ȥ϶ŮϣüȻҳ֣ΪһСӣȻҶ֣
ŭζסˣԲ𣬵ǣſңʲô£һḺġ
϶û֣Ů˳ĬȻһֵÿϷ
ʱ򣬴һصġꡱ
˳š
ζͷǸӰֱֱſڣôͦΣ
һ˲䣬ζоӰ̣
ӣζţ϶Ҳ֣ζٶȣܵϸǰӣû̫ˣ㻹ţ̫ˡ
ӺǱϵЦݣȴ⣬ζлл㡣
лʲôӣζ˵ܿ죬ûͣ٣㲻ûһգյø˰ɣҿûȱ첲ȶġ
˵ţζ˫ֱ˳ϵӣļţľٶһŮ˵Ѿǳζȴûж
϶ɫڵһͿȴҲһһ޴ʣСӣȻû
֪һЩϸоȸСӵǿ鱦Ҷ޿κεĻȻܻò˵ִһ漣
˻ϲȻǳ
ǴϣٴյôܲôܲȫûôܰȻػΪʲôٿζȥ޲ڤǡ
ǰȥ϶һζʶôǰǾٶΪףɫһ£վ˳ߡ
֪ԼɣȫϺܹػһʦ
Цŵͷ۹ȴϬޱȣҪӳϿһЩȻȴǺ񣬳ѾѻԪָбؽŻ˴ָʱֿտգá
һ֮ŸϽܵˣȥȡڻ;µĹŵӣơ
ƣˡ
šϽ̬ŵúܵ͡
Ǵϡ˵꣬ϱ˵ýˣѾˣһͽܰ
չص֪м䷢д̨һ£ȴ˵ϣǰЩСӲ֪Ǵϣ³çһЩ
ߣֱӲӡ
ҲѿԼӦģҪȥɣϲǣֻԼ
ֽ˶һЩˣ϶Ƚܵʱܿ˵ƣ˰һս˵յ϶ߣ˵󣬾ڣ
һЦ˵򲻹ҵġ
㣡ŵ棬ڳǵһ仰ȫûгɹϼ߳ŭһᱨ
˵꣬תߣڶ೤ڳϵüͷ塣
˿ϵĽ棬ʵһô˵ⷬѵƵԹһ룬ϵĿ⣬Ͷ˼ӡ
϶ûȥС¶Գ˵Ժ㵽лҪ㡣
ǣš
ǽȥ϶һˣƼһ㣬鿴ص׻
棬ζϲʵӣؽأؽôˣ
ȡؽζζǹӳϵʣ۾ʹŹâӣؽôҲһƷɣ벻һƷʦҲƷ̫Լˣ̫ˡ
ؽѾˣǳԽôΪټϰɫ棬һж̫Ѱˡ
ζĵӣҲɣͻأʵζʲô·𣿡


085 
һֱԴİԼսŻɡ
Ϊʲôһǰأѵһ¥žɱԼʵǿԼĹŵӣҪһûʵɱɣ
ɵģζϵ⣬Ц˵һֱ˸㣬֮ɾͻһģıμӵ˱ڶʮ£ͱҿԲμӣҲԡ
ҲܹμӰɣ
ûʮ塣
Եʱۣ
ζ룬һ˵ͬʦֵܣֵģˣˣԼһս϶ᣬȡټдϵֻǸŲõĵӣȻүүģǻʧ֡ǹΣүүҲκǣҪǣѾˡǸϣֶ̫ݶˣȥ˵һ£һ
뵽ؼ㣬ζҪȥߵӸתȥֻ˹Цӣ£ķҲĶ֣ĴȥҪȡҲض顣
ζ˵᲻ڰ֮ͻƣ
ͻƣܣʦ佫֮ıϣɲ˵ͻƾͻƵģšζᶨ˵ţȴʲô
ʲô
ҪǷҩĻͺпͻƣرһ佫ҩǣҩͻƵĻԺΪ谭ǽΪ˳ȥ㣬ҪҩĻδЩֵˡ
⣬ģ佫Σ
ӣ佫а𣿡
Ӯң
ɫôѿأ
ϿЦ˵ؽǧڻܽؽľһ衣
Ŷζ¶һȻӣӣҲͣ򼸴Ρ
򣿡һʡ
ͱڿĵڶ
˼ĶӦǿİɣͶ
ζȴЩֻ˵ţʱڰıУһҪǰʮ

ǰʮɶнģǵҩ似ǷȵȣǺģԽߣõĽԽҪ˵һ˵ڲǲرȥʺĶȻÿĽǲһģ֮⣬ǰʮ֮󣬴ɣȥμӱʮһεĽᣬᣬֻҪǱɣͱμӡ
Ҫ
ȻҪˣЩͲ˵ˣҪǹϵÿһɵ֣ɾʮ֮ǰĽϣɨǧųΪһڵĴڡ
һڡ۾һ£ʵᶼʲôطУ
һڡ
һᣬһ˽һڵĻᡣţζϲ˵Žй飬ε˵Щ˵ģҲûȥһأһҪǰʮ߳ɣȥ磡ʱҾҪһŮвƽ£ζ
˵ţζڳһƣųϣӣ㿴ƣһŮ
񡣡
ζצˣϸϽ˵һŮǸһŮ
ӣ˵⻰ҰζĵЦ˵ʱҪȭʲôʲôʲôʲôʲôʲôȴﺹޱȣҪƽ£ǻýԼˣ
ӣͣʱһȥġζųϵļ˵Ȼ˵ϡ
һģҲţ֪ʱҲܻؼҡ
ӣļ
һԶԶĵط˵꣬ϱ㷴ʵζСɳ󣿡
ǰңһɡζϲؽ˵ʼô׽ŪˣķգŽţһƫͷ˯ˣͷպÿڳϵļϡ
ϿζЦЦҹգһСὫؽڱϣ
һߣ϶ЩϣȴţһҹľĲ̽ȷɽ׻ڣңƬĻԪŨ񣬶Ʒкô
һ֮ϲ϶˶ʮָˣ˵ɻ˶һ¥
ɫ֮϶ôҶȥϢ˽гȥȺ


086 ʴ
ɭϴ϶Ϸ
վףζҲһԡ
ƣôһ£
ϻû˵ζ˵ôд̨ȥԵģʵѧղ򲻹ӣȻϱˣ˵Ҫɱ˴ӡ
϶ԽüͷԽ壬ζԭ˵꣬϶ȴûʲôۣʵζƣǶ˽ͷβʵ˵һ顣
Ȼζ𻰣Ḷ́ԭԭؽ˳϶ζõЩϣֹסضǶЩǶô󣬿ɾζһԶȫˡ
СζСӻе˼š
ԭ¯ǿ鲻֪ĺɫʯͷ󣬱㴫˺¡¡ž˺䡣Ů˵϶ʵǰؽ𣿡
ûС˵һ仰
ǽؽóܲܲʲô϶ﻹһ仰û˵ҵҪ˷ôϣһʲô
ϽؽӴȡݸ϶϶ؽһɲǣ۾һȽӹؽϸ۲죬ɫһӱͨ졣
϶ɫͻԭ򣬵ȻΪؽ̫Եʣ϶ڳϵǰ¶ߣҪһˣһؽòʵǶ
ˣ϶һʱתԪԪؽ֧û˵ʲôĿȴŮüۣΪղζ˵ʱ򣬹ؽ
ζЦоؽζءҧرء
ҲһסЦ϶˳ϼۣû뵽СӣɽˮģȻɵǧ
ȴûע⵽Щȫľؽϣﲻͣ̾ѽҸҶ϶ƷʻͣҶ͸
⣬ζһߴסˣͷųϣӣץס֣˵үү˵ĶҿֻƷʦôأ
ҿûƭ㡣Цο˵Ҳ̫ˣؽ֮Ʒ֮ߣҹӦǿʯͷͰɫĹ͡
ԭˡζһ¾йˣֵСζģҲƷңһΣˮƽƷͲԶˣԣӦø˲Ŷԡ
԰ӦøˡζЦȴЩƲסˣΪ϶ɫȻѾָؽ֮󣬾û˵һ仰
ע⵽϶ķʵţôˣ
϶˵ֻؽǰһݣһӹؽɫҲһ䣬ֻ϶õö࣬϶Цϣһͽ
ƣ⽣ó
ڻЩܻ磬ŵȲ˶ãҾӦʵش϶ľȸ
֮϶ȵѽȻζΪƣУǣʵ⣬ϣʵش𡣡
ǣš
Ӱɫģ
һԱܻ𡣡
⣬϶һۣԱĻǷʲôģǴ˵еʥ
ʵԽóһû˼ҲΪУֻ뿴ѣ֪Ǳġ
֪ʦ˼ʦˡвóĿԡϵȻóһʶԪָƲ⵽ħʦϣɾ鷳ˣҲΣ֮С
϶΢΢̾ϢһҲֻգؽݻϣ϶Ůȵζڿʼ㵽綴¡
Ҫȥζɫ
˵أʲô£͵øʲôٲԺɶҪ㷭һת
ȥȥʲô˲𡣡ζ˵̫үүҸ۸ҡ
⻰϶ֱͷʹŮӻģʱһʹ϶ٲˡ
ǰһ˵ţ¹Ըζ̡֮
ӡζԾ
϶һ䣬һˣΪȴ˵ƣҲҪ̡֮
ǣšζ̣֮Ҳһ
ӣɵȥҾͲµˡζ˵ţץסϵ֣Ҫߣ϶ϽζŮȻûзŭٿüͷмһ֡
ƣлҪ˵
ҲҪζִ˵
϶ϣȴŮȥ
˵ͷƺ֪϶Ҫ˵ʲôСζһȥɣҪıҸƺˡ
ƾʲôҲζ˵ţ϶һɣǿζߵ棬ζ߳ſڵʱ򣬻˵ӣ㣬Ҫ۸㣬ʹһ㡣
УˡЦõ˵
ֻʣ϶ˣ϶ɭ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʾϲػص


087 綴
ʾ
϶ôһ䲻ĻԳ˼֣ƣΪʲôԺŮԶһ㡣
Ϊʲô
ζδޣԣ㲻ܶʲô˼ʲô飻Ҫǣ㲻顣
ζֻͨѶѡ
ͨѣζС󣬺ʱԴһԴˣñ˽ζңΪ˸ؽôϾͲ˵ˣҪˣƣΪֻͨѶѣ
Ҷζû뷨ζ˴ұضᱨ
϶ʱ΢΢һ̾ϢãƣղΪһף㽻̸ϣһ׵ĿģҪŮҸ
˼һ£˵֪ζҪ𣿡
϶۹ӳϻһļµĸоڳϵûеͷûֱ϶Ŀӣǹʵλгơ
ƣŵ㣬׼ζʲô顣϶û뵽ϾȻҺԿܺԿﲻһ˿˿飬ҲϵĹŵӣҲ𡣡
ϳĬζ˵ʲô飬ӿʼľԶ֮кøУĻж֮飬ǰʻҲվѵĻ˵ģ϶ְԵ磬Ϻܲð
סҸղ˵Ļȥ綴̡֮϶˵꣬תӺȥϿӰüͷ壬֮ȥζһϳæʵӣҵ۸ûУҪ۸㣬ҡ
ϴ¶Цݣҡҡͷ
˵ʲô
Һúüͣڰıȡúõĳɼϱ˸ɣԱ߰Գ̾һóһӵ飬ݸ˵ΪʦұӦԽ̵㣬ΪչأҲûʱ䣻ڣҪȥ綴ҲҪչأлûʱ㣬Ȿ칤Լȥĥҵĵᡣ
ллʦϹӹ
ֶһΣٴˣ£ҺûʲôʧøҪȻûɵĽԣٳ£ٳ£Ҳס㡣
˵ţֵݹ飬ǻԵƷӦ似ȥúıԣɱҶ
ǣʦ֪˵ǼߣȻܹ
綴Ȼʹ࣬ȴҲһĥ˵ĵط˵󣬻˻֣Щп˵ȥɡ
ζ֣ųϾܣ˼ˣȥ̣ȥɽˮһ뵽϶˵Щαһͣζӣôˣ
ҪλشԺȴħʦӰ뵽ǡԶΪƾű£ҾҡĻȻеķձһɢ֮·ƾĶѣΪ仰ҪıԼıģԺ֮·ߵȥ۱˵ʲôҾҡ
Ľһ⣬϶ϵĳɢȥЦŶζ˵ûʲô綴һʲôĴڣ
߿㣬ȥ˾֪ˡζųϣٱȥ
ɹȻٶȣ˰ʱŸϵ綴ڴɽߵͱУһļ롣
ӣˡζȸԾֱð綴£ҵƤ϶Ҫֲڲ٣ϵᡣ
ʱ򣬹ĵĲ̷֮࣬Ƥò
ζ£һϵСζǺܾûˣһΣִʲô£
үүҿûдǵζ˵̧ͷϿһ׷ԲԵˣһнľɳȴֱ˲򵥡
׷ζһ˵¶ЦݣζֵүүǴӣ̵ġ׷˵Ŀڳϣ۾һľ괺㣬ɲǼʧȴоƺһ⿴һ㣬ǰ϶ļ¸оǿˡ
Ǿʹڵһɡ
ллүүζųܣ棬ϲŷ֣綴ֻһϰٸֳ㣬ÿʮ
ζͣס˲ӣ綴Цʵӣˣ
һЦ˵⣬Ҫģ

ζ


088 
ζ仰ŵʣζЩԵؿŴӣҡҡͷﰵһ䣬˵Ȼǵ㣡
㣿ôֻ㣿ʡ
㣬ֻһǸ磬ܹ˺ʯӣɱңҪȥߣҴȥһĵطǴ¡ÿһ㣬мǿ
Ҳζ߽һһһ߽ȥζ˷ֵ磬ѩļ
ϣȴ紵ϣȷ絶罣̣ϧԳ˵ȴϬϽƾܳס֮ʹ
ӣóǸЩͶûһ˺ˡζĵ˵ţͷȥϾôվţ罫Χ
ӣ㡭ζٴξȣϿʵζЩôγɵģ
Ҳ綴Ȼγɵġ
ϱĿƬ̣ζ˵ζȥڶԡ
ڶ㣿ӣַɵ
ûУһܡϸ˵ţζǰȼܵİ֮𣬳ϵ˵ĹҪѵĵطԽ࣬þԽ졣
ģ
Ȼģң˵Զ򡣡
ζɫȻϣǣó϶򼸴Σһҵ˼붷ζ˵ӣȥڶɣסҪܲס͸Ͻ
Ҫ
ˣң˳ооүүƵĽζֵ󷽣ϱڶȥϵӰߵԶˣζŵ͵һӡ
ڶ㣬мǸڶȻϬ˲٣ѾܸƳϵƤѪۣǣϬȻûдﵽϵҪ
ܼ㣬ϵͷ㡣
ڼ䣬һ˫۾һֱעڶʱǻǵĿ⣬һֹ鸴ƽȳߵʱ˫۾ϵӰ
㣬ϸ߽ȥͽȫΧ粻Ű棬˳Ŀڱǡ䡢۾ϵë壬ݻսˣÿǰһǼޱȡ
硣ţҲЦţûԪֿŲӣߵĶڣס񣬽ؽں󱳣žʹ
ӣü㣡˫۾ѵõ̾һ
ɣһرĵطϥȴûодʣǸ˵綴磬϶Ǿƣߣ佫ڤ֮ıԣӮһʬ壬վߴ
֪˵֮أԳ˵ȴĶ츣ء
£һ֮󣬳ۣϵ·ʵ÷飬Ҳ˺ۣҲһط
ȻЦˣΪһµʹ࣬ջ޴Ȼ˺ۣЩ˰̣ϸ߽ʱǰ㣬Ѫ˰ҲոһյĥУ˺ۣ˰̣ŵȰ̺һ䣬ϵƤ϶һ
ʱԳ˵紺һ㣬Ĳȥ
ףڰ˫۾ˣһС嵱ǿᣬһȤСӣĲѾ൱һԪм佫ĹҲֵܼס
Ĳм綴ڣȣһ֮ȴǴʮֹŸ߽ڣǺİ̺ۣ˲ͱƤ⣬ֱͷ
ϲдҪԪз֮ǰԽԽԪһβʵΣҪɫΧʱԪĻԩˡ
ȻԪҲûзγؽؽֵ磻ϻûӦǧؽܻ磬޿ײ룬ֻܵסҪĲλƵؽҲһ㣬ǸϬ磬ȴؽĽһ˿˿ĺۼ
Ͽʼв֪ƣĲܿദһ񣻵ǳҲӦؽ֮󣬳ǰһ
ֻһȴļ
ʣµ£һҪߵڡϸԼ˸Ŀ꣡


089 ҷն
һ£붴ڣ߲ľ롣
ĳϣѾȫȫһѪ˶żϣҲķѪĹ֣Ϊ
Ȼʱ˿̣ϲûȥжôªȫľؽϣؽĹ켣ϣϬһµļಫϻؽȻͬңǣȴ·
Ҳ˵һĹɡ
һ˵γһĹɣ֮Ԫһ似γ֮ʼ
һ㣬ûȥᣬֻ֪ԼƺһʺĽȡʮʽҪӦ֣ȻȥȥôС
ϳ׽ľʹԼٶȣ˷ϴӳʼ޴رȵֵв£轣ٶȣԽԽ졭
һ죬ӴŹսϣ似Ψ첻ƣˣٶȺܿ죬ֻҪҵٶȱ绹Ҫ죬ôĹͶЧ
һˣ׽ؽ棬ܸ˺磬Ҳ١
һһһ죬ʮȥϵĽԽԽϤٶȸԽԽ죬ֻڳ߿Хţȴóϵ
֮ڽһգսֽ׽ȻҵдǾҷնҷնڽʽһʽˮ©ʽһ˲ϰٴΣɢ
ҷնһʽһȣؼԪһɫĹȦɲǼ佫еĹڹȦ֮⣬Ϭצȴް취
ҷնڶʽ
һȣԪؽŽɫĹâһ˲һ˽Ӱ´£ֻƬƬӰӿ磬ȫɢΡ
ԣȻԳˣ֮ǣտʼ۸ˣ¹ȥôͱ۸۸
ˣȴ⣬ֻܻһ˽һ죬һ˲򽣣ҲͿһڣһս
ڵ粫Ŀʹľ
綴⣬ζѾ߳綴Ҫгϻȥүүܲܽдӳڵڶ㣬Ѿˡ
СζǸѿɲڵڶ㡣
ѵӣȻңôʰζյ˵ֵԣӲܲҡ
׷ЦڵĲ㡣
ʲôĲ㣿ôȥĲˣζΪŭˣ׷ЩĻ棬˵
үүȥѴӽгҪǳ¶үү
Сζģû¶
û¶ζȻڵĲ㣬û¶
û¶ջСζѿɲǴӣһţѵһţȻܹԴ
ţţҲҵĴӡζ˵ţԺǣû¶ҲҪдӳԾҪʼˣҪ׼ġ
׷Цõ׼СζȻȥɣʱҽһ˱
ˣŴӡ
㡣
Ҳȥ
̫үүˡ
̫үүˣζľϲߣ̫үүԩȥүүǵýдӰ
ȥɣȻˣԻء
ζ˵뿪綴׷ţҷնԣǿǰؽ˼
綴ĵĲ㣬Դ似ĳϣüͷȴԽԽǰһһһϲͣ£Ŀ⾼½似нľˮ֣֮磬ʲôԣǽľˮǻһǣ
粻Уô䣬ʲôʽڣϿ˼ƽʱȭʱҲ磻ʱҲзٲֱʱͬзҲ˵ɳƣ紵򣬷絶˪
ȻУȴִڣڱڵĵֻҲ֪ʽڣ磬ν磿۾ֱֱŷʯһۼһιǺۼԽԽԽԽϵԺ뵽һҪ⣬ʯûкۼȴСҵҵڣûоǷҲһûоأ


090 쾭
籾εģڳϵƺȴεشڡ
ϿһһźۼȣԺﻹ˼ǰܹԪԪ棬Լ˸ȱڳԼررҪԪֶʱԪ׼ʱʱ飬ԪרͨôͲΪ˷
ţţϲڵԪѰǰԪĹ켣һѰңʮ죬ҵԪһ˿϶
ʱϲеԪ˿϶ȥ뽫϶ײһȱڣһͨȻʵôãϽ߾ȫһֻǽ϶ôһ˿˿
һ֮󣬳Щ۵Ԫһɨա
һ˿˿ȴǸ˳һشߣһ֮ⶴϵۼҲһɵģ֮Ժ㣬ܻγͨһ죬ʱ㲻ΪԪգʦҵԪİ취ˣʦ𣿡
ô˸ĳϣ˼άǷɢȥȻܹԼͨҲ൱ǵľҾͿӵвͬڱ˵ľÿһԴԪ˴ԪСϪҵȴǴ󺣣СϪٴٿܿù󺣣ֻǣ󺣻죬ֻǳζѡ
뵽Щϵǰδе½˵һ࣬ȴһǱ࣡
磬лл㡣ֵĳϣ˵ȴǲ飬ȻݺݵڳϣһѪֻۣЩѪ۶Գ˵ɦһ㡣
ǣ磬ôأô磬ν磡
Щ⣬̫棬ȴ֪״Ѿһˣζеĺүү׷ˣȻ˿׷ˣȴܰڳϵЩ紵ǰһʱԶصתͷȥ
׷˵ţν磿
׷˱ǼϲԴ似ĳϽ˵ָָȻ߽ʱ򣬾͸պ˵磬ν磿
ţ׷˱Ҳˣˣݽˡν硱֮С
һһСȫһ硱סˣϻã벻ףʱ£˵벻ˣá硱⣬ΪǻкܶҪǰĲܵڡ
׷ȴǲһ˰׷־磬ǶıΪ֪ΪԽߣԽߣҪһ¥Ǿ͸ѣǾͻץסÿһᣬͻƣ硱ǰ׷ˣ϶ܰٳ߸ͷһ
ֻǣʱʱ̶̿УҲƽûиоġ硱ȴô׵ģ
Ͽʼִԭƻһ
󣬳붴ڻ
ʮȥ붴ڽһ
ʣ¶ʮʱ䣬ǰ֮ڣ綴֮⣬¶Ѿ䶯δʮĵӣȫս׼ʮ֮ıԣȡɱǰʮȻȥμӽᡣ
ʼղܼУԣûܿԼͻƵ佫֮ҹǰ˵Ǿˣ
үү¶ˣһҪǸ֣ҪҪɱ͸¶ſЩȻһƣôֵҪǼ£ϵ̫شҲҩǿΪ硣
ҪסֻһΣԺΣ㶼ҪԼȥͻƣͿϣߵøԶ
õģүүҼˡﻹ˵ŵĶǼΪ佫ŰɱǸ֮ǵˡ
ͳһŵҩԥط£ɫүүҸоˣǿԪǿ󡭡
ס񣬼оϸϽȵһ˼ִļϣԪ
ʱ֮󣬴ϳ֣ź飬ȻղĲپ۾˵ʶһ䣬˵үүлл㡣
Ұ㽫Ϊм佫ЩӣúϤһ£ȶΪ׼öʮ֮ıԣҪʧ
үүҲʧģһȡõһģ
Ҫ⡣ֶһȥ
֮˿ϲ֮Ум佫м佫ƣһһ㣡Ҫڵģ


091 Կʼ
ʮ죬ָֻһӼ䡣
ڵʮ˵ʱ򣬳ϱһվ˶ڣ
ϬȴǲԶˣȻ˺ܴ˺ǳȴˣһҰȴʧϵŮһ
ڶʮ죬ϲû뿪綴ڼԪ˿϶
ϵ󣬰߻˼ν硱⡣
ɵıԳأȴˣַǷ׼ԵģԵģάĵȵȣ϶վߴЩˣǿɵǿ
϶ֱߣɵϣҲ˹أ⻹һµߣζվԡ
߼ζӣЦ˵Сζ˭
̫үүӻû
Щ˵ӵ֣ӵǺηʿźεȱ£ҵСζôǣҶǡߴȤ˵ζһ̫үүȡЦңҲˡ
Сζ㲻ң˭Ǹӣ߹Цţζ˦һΪϲ𡱵Թ˵ôûԶҪʼˡ
ҪԲǻûпʼ˵꣬һߵĴ˵Ϊм佫ˣαԣöһˡֻǣ£ٶΪ֮ԺУã
æ˵ϻʣҲΪɵδ
߲ÿɷҪ˵ʲôζȴԱ˵̫үүɲһõһ
ŶѵǸӿԣ
ζֱͷȻյ߶˵̫үү綴Ĳ㡣
۾ﾫһ뵽϶˵Ƶ£۾ɨĲ㣬ǻһƴ֮
ϵüͷһš
ǡʱ֮ԳѻȸһƬ϶Ƿ㣬ߵʦعɵʷµӷܷͼǿԹ򣬱Խȵһϵеĳ֮϶ȵԿʼ
ɶʮ£Ϊʵһģˣ;磬Ҳ˳ʦ˱ֳʮ飬׽ɱÿһʹһд̨ȡÿǰʮһֱԣڶֱԱǾɳսǰʮӣǾʤʮλ˭ǵһ˭ǵڶ
ζϱͳϴͬһ飬޺ţôȻӲ̨ĻǿɾҪȨˡ
ζ˷޺޲ѣҪ˵ҪһȥģҪһ·û˵ŮҲ̫įһ㡣
ĿҲѰϵӰͳϷһ飬ȵһͽ̭ȥóϳʧֽȴϷֵһ飬ұ֪Ҫȵһ֣˵ȽϺýһ㡣
Ѿʼˣд̨ϣйâŴײ
ζǽӣôѵүүǽдˣ
ζ֪ĺүүʱȴѾΪһ񣬳ʱ۾о˿϶ֱһ㣬ڸ˵ʱͻ˰֮ıԡ
һ㣬Ըպڽ죬ת綴ȥȻ綴ȥ㣬壬ֻⳡԣȴܴ˵ԼҪǣҪȥһڣȥμӽᣬһ̽ʵһССҲᣬĴҲᵽʱ˵пϹܿ
ɳϸת㿴˰ߣһȿԶһ֮ʱ͵תͷоȸ⺫үүʲô磿
үүϸζ߿ϣԵĿ⣬˿ѣ˵磬ν磿
⻰ͷľȣɽϿѪүүǺʱҵһ˼ʱǾ˵үүˣȴûһ
뵽⣬뵽һȡǼֱֵϻð亹
ν磿үүֿʵҡͷЦүүҲ֪
ν磿үүͣš
߻ħˣϼߵһͷ˵үүҪȥμӱˣ˼⣬Ҫˣһߺүү
˵꣬ԵصȥϵĻ۾һ£ȻӰһ㣬Ʈڳϵȥ


092 
ϴ綴ԵصϣȫȻ֪󣬻һˡ
ɵı̨ø֡
֮һ̨м佫ΪЩʦΪĵӣֱáвˡݣսˣһ֮
ڤ֣ýԪնһʽͽԽˡ
̨ϣǴͷڵӿǳݾЩŮӣ۾ĹâڷŻգ̨ĵңûһ飬Ȼ϶ҲǱŰķݣԵˣǽп죬еƷȵڤһ֮£ͱ飡
ܶ˶ۣľ϶ˣ϶õһȻҲ˷ԣرڵд̨ǳԵˣ˵ǿɲһǸƵˣƿһУ
ƣӮʦ֣⣻ңʦֿ϶Ѿ˾磬ȴ綴̣ôһѾʦֵĶˡ
˵ҲǰڣûƵӰ˵ˡ
ܣˣŴ϶û£ôأ
ˣ˭Ӯ˭䣬ʱ֪𣿡
һȺţ̨ϵоȻˬΨһˬľǣûпǸ֮ǵӰɲ²ţѵˣԶ
̨֮ϣϿı֣ҲԾ޹ʣһ˵ڤ
òƺɫص˵ͷ΢΢ü˵ڤɾûĶˡ
⻰˵˼ǫдǣֻǴ˵ĻȻǫ黰ȴûһǫ飬Ǹ߰һԵЦЦʲôҲû˵ƷѣСӵؽڤǾԵй֮޲˵ܵסɫķֹܻƵģ
ζȴһޱȽ̫үүȥ綴дӡ˵žҪܣץס˵Сζ̨ˡ
Ǵӻûô찡
ҪȥҲֻȨȨͲ뿪ˡߵ˵
ζһֻ̨ȥȴڲͣ˵ӣҪȥסʱ䡣
ζ⣬վ̨ϣ̨վһ׳ӣζЦ˵С㣬ҽ
ζ
ˡһȭһȭͷޱȵζȥζüëһǰôţҲ
ζһн򵹣ͻҪʱ䣬ѡãս
֪ȭͷζǰ״ͻͣ£ȻϨջȭͷȭ˵СȻˡ
ζɵˣ⡭⡭ô¶
Ȼȴȥ
ζҪȥæеι㻹û䣬Ҵ򣬿㡭
С㣬ȷʵѾˡѾվ̨棬ζް취ôҲ벻ףô¶
ԭһˣˣС㣬ʣµľŸʹССħŮԣ˵ĻңӮ˵ĻңƽʱСΪǸʯͷһǧȦʦܡ
֮£ѡȽϺá
飬˳£ζĶ̨֣ǰ֧һ춯صƣȻͷ䣬̨ζʱļƻȫȻա
ζ˳ȴһҲˣֻΪӻû
һֱԣѾӽβˣһһ֣һ߿ϷͬʱѰϵӰڵһ飬ʣһվ̨ϵʯһɣ۾ڴڴĶ֣Ҫ
ʯһҲ˵ƵĴʦһսʦֶܵˣ治һ˼ҵĶ֣ǣͼϣƲǳʱ䣬ͱȨˡ
ƣ
ûӦ
Ӳ̨Ȩ
ζ޲ôȥһܣȥ綴ٽҲˣֻ漣֡
ӣ
üͷĲˣҾͲôǰô죿ų򣬾Ȼһս
һӣ
жԱţʯһɵĵɤۣʼʦүǧǧҪٵһҪʱ䡣
ʮšˡ
ʱѾʼˣζϣˣֻ޺޵ţӣҷҸӣôʰ㣡һķŭƣӱܣµһҾ͵սҪҽսߡ
塭
ʯһɴһʱ򣬾ƸϵҲ̨ʯһֲ뵽Ҳˣǰ˵ģҲ鴫
ʱԳصıԵһȣҡˣ
ʱûΪһ仰ͣѾȵ
ӣ㣬㵽̨ζҡ֣ʯһһ֮Цݲ䣬˵ӣɣǫ̂ܵҪɣǿҪ磬Ҳˣȵؽ˵ڶֻ֣ҪҳǰʮҾȥһڲμӽᡣ
˶õʱ򣬾ȵһĻҰ


093 һȭ
³ʱ򣬳ӵϱһʮɸߣ
ڿգ˾ѵ
һڿգͽˣ󣬻ϲò˵˸Ѫɫϸ۾ﾫֱظ˵ֻѧڿ似ѡ
жϣ޳һϵĻҲڵͷǣ۾ȴʣ˵Ҳⲻڿ似Ҳǵ磿
ʯһɵˣɣѵеִ̨
һʮɸߣʮԶ
ˣھ֮Уְ
ֵ

һξһξȴΪϣǳŵǸߣһֱڿУųϵ㼣
ⲻ綴ĺүү𣿡ζ˵綴̵ܹˣ˳̨֮һֱƵߣǾϻ߳ˣΪʲô
ڿУоߴķ磬ﻹţν磿
ϣ֪ǵĵڶΪʲôֻڿлһĵǾػߣǸ³һһ˲䡭
һˣֱֱ̨֮ϣ
Ȼ󣬳϶ζһЦζҲʱע˳ϣӣˣΪϲأ
˵ģһ˵仰ʱ򣬰ҲƮ̨Ͽա
תͷʯһɣʯһѪɫһߵĲУʵʦ壬Ȩ𣿡
㣬ʱոպá
ʯһɿЦΪԼһˣ˭֪˱һɽǣʯһɼ̧ͷŰߣԳ˵㿴档
žԵţҲ¶ˣ̧ͷϿȥ߾ȻϷʱһ⺫үүô棿ѵ˵ǰһֱң
ǹ亹ٴವµ䣬̧ſŰߣҲ촽䶯״ǡν硱ʲô
ڳ߶ԾʱʯһѾȻ֣ûдûдֻȭͷŨɫâϻȥ
ƣתۼ
ӣСģζ仰պڣʯһһȭѾݺݻ˳ϡ
ʯһۿԼƳɹϸģȫǲõЦݣһȭеԪеľǳʦʯһţһȭöֲҲҪˣ
ϧȭͷӡڳϵʱʯһɵЦݾʧӰˣϵģȫһ𾪣оһȭǻ˵ϣǻһ޴ʯϣ˵һɽϣ˵һƷĶϣоһɻֱ֣֮ľ
ʱζޱȵصģ
ʱţֱӣŪôһ̣Ϊжأˣֱ̫ˣԣţﻹҪԴйߣ
ʱ򣬳Ͻͷƽ۾žĿʯһɣ˵ҲһȭҲһȭƽ
£һȭֱؿڣ
ڳϳȭһɲǣʯһɾӣʲôҲܣʲôǰʮҲԺĽᣬֻ˼ĹԶһ㡣
ֻϧʯһͷһɲǣϵĹƣ
Ȼеʯһɣȥֱϰף䵽ϣЩҪסʯһɵĵӣȫײڵء
ʯһͣˣǡòõأͣǰ
ڵӣϣ
ϣһ󣬰һ˭ó˾ٶǶǰ˵ô𸴣ŭվϴһĿ⣬߷Ȼķŭȴ֮ˮԶֹŭ֮£ֽʯһ˳ͲݺһʯһɵϣƺҪʯһ߻سϵǰ
ϧʯһʮҵʱ򣬾Ҳûǰɡ
ôһҲûţȴٴζһӡ
ҽǰʮûɣ
һ䵭һ䣬һˣ˭Ҳһȭͽʯһɴǰ㣡
ƣڶֱԣй˽ζӣղ̫˧ˣ̫ˣ˵ţȥץסϱı
϶˻棬üͷɽҪ𣬵Ʈŵİߣֻ켴һֱԽеڶֱԡ
Ծգɵߣ˵ϻƣôŪ˴̣
תʵν磿
ν磿һ㶣վ̨ϣ߻ħĺүү΢΢θУ¶ģһҪ⣡


094 ʱ䣬̫
ʧߣ
ɹڶֱʧߣʧܵҲʧߣʯһɸʧߣҲʧߡ
޺޲ѣеĺ¶ţǫǫӣȫӵƣƲҪڽ£Ҫ
ţ˽˵Ҫڽ£Ҫ裬ҪһǰᣬʵҪǿ
һǿģȭͷ˵ϵ˵ͷ˵һ־޴ɳø죬ʵǿ
ԭϴӿʼڣһУĿȫڴˣ
ϴӴָóһƤף˵Ƶܴ㽫ǹ״ϣǹƷĹ㲻ã
̫ˣллүүǹ״ϣóһתˡ
һߣ˵ϻƣ⣬ǰҲҪִ̫ˣγȥջǲС
ȴûߵȰ˵ֻһš
̾Ϣ޵˭ϻͬģҪ֪ǵðƤ˲ɣϻһֱǸӣѲ׾
磡
Ԫĳϣ˸磬˹˵Īģôأ
һ䣬ֳ֮УɣԪΪŨҲԽףϾҪץסᣬԪ϶϶ɹ
ζҪͳһģȴ϶˷׼ٺͳϽӴζСħŮΪ棬ټ֮ԳкøУƫҪӴҪ뿪ȥĵľģҲ͸ΪᶨȻᶨľģҪŴһ
ǧ֮ıڣ˾ͽţһڣһġʱ䣬˾ͽƾžѵʣƴӲͻƳΪʦİҲͻƳʦҲֻһ֮ң˶ѾѡȥμһڵĽᣬȻΪߣССı˵һ֮УǰμĴڡ
ţڴ󺣺ʻȥμӽᣬʱԳ˵а𣿡
УһУǼᶨ
㣡ڴ˵ţͳһѵҩҸƵĵҩȻԪܸػָԪ
ллǸмʵ󺣣˵ôˣ
ڴҡҡͷȴֿ϶˵ԤУһεһڣǻ
Ҳǡ
Ϲ壬Ϲܿ˵ţܿ׼׼Щʱգعһ̣ȥһڡ
Ҳȥ
ܿʮɽͱˡ
ҡ
ΪϹ壬ȥҲȥȥҲȥϹ˵⻰ȥ
ڶ쵽
һֲɱɹڶֵڵӣһҹޣ̷ҩʦǾӣİٱ
ϴķţһۿıǺүүϹĺһүү˵˼ν硱Եصȥ
ԾҪʼʱζű˳
ڶֳ֣飬һֱʱÿǰΪһ飬Ϊһ飬ǰʮȥǩ֣ʤ߽һ֣̭
ó٣ںʮڣͳ鵽ϣõһгޣȻС¼ûзһʧ
Ǹ鵽ϵģǱˣЦѣ̾ʱ˲ãСħŮС㣬һڣ컹лأȴһ϶Ҳû
˼ϳˣҲһ˭ҲԸôһˣ
ζĶ֣ǰǰ
ǹףڤ֪˳ϴ̼ԵʣûýӲǿһ˫ȭͷִܣʤ֮۹س˦һۡ
ϣûֵϳר˷һһʱ䡣
ζ֣Ȼֻǳʦƾ似Ʒ׶ߣټƵƷǿķ֮ľ˫ԣֻð
ζҲ֮࣬ûܵߣϥһߣоҪͻƣҪΪмʦ
ֵ˳ϳ׼϶Сơֻ֣ȷ³϶ֱԾ̨ʵ˵ʼɣҸʱ䡣
ЦȴҲȶ۳ĹȼգǵضȥͥŲ𺣣˵̫ˡ
˵꣬ƶٻһȭȭ˷ɣʤ
ڵپƾȻûãľǺԣ
ϽȫĻԪ۳𣬺Źشζߣ϶ڵᣬѵҲͻˣ
ڳ߲Զ
ɫڳĵϷ죡
ԣʵĲ֣Ǿʮλ˳򣬿˭Ƕʮߵһˣ


095 Ԫ¯
죬Ȼ׽ɱ
ʮ˷ֳɶʮԣ˵ʮѾȷҪȥμʮһεĽᣬȫûбҪƴһġ
ǣΪΪΪǷĽȴȫ˳ȥ
һαԣʮƷԪʯƷÿһԪʯͻϺܶ࣬ʮһٿƷԪʯʮһʮ飬Ҳ΢Щ죻ʮһڶʮǽľƷԪʯƷǰʮԪʯеҩ
˵ʲôǵҩرĳЩĵҩǾǺϡˣ
֮УǰΪ񣬵һƷˮ֣ɵٽڶһƷܹԪһһ¯Ԫ¯˵Ԫ¯ƳƷ
⣬ʮܹ㣬ѰʺԼһ似ʮһڶʮܹϵĲ㣻ǰʮܽ㣬һܽһ㣬㣡
˽Ȼֵڵӽ߾ȫᣡ
֮ó˷ĽĿģҲΪɣЩԪʯɵУûʲô𣻳֮⣬ЩƷ׺ܸߵķΪУǷʵԱڽϣսķȡøõĳɼõ档
Ԫ¯ʱɵضԻԪ¯˺øУΪһöԪİָҪǣζΪ˰ؽԭ¯ҲٵˣζһԪ¯Ϊ
ҪµһõԪ¯νĳϣȴ¶˾Ҫõһ
ҼоͨһҾͿѧѧһҾͿԼؽֲͷʦԸϵĴָУɻһͷ
ǰʮȥһڲμӽᣬζĿҲʹﵽˣЩԪʯҩ˵ǸƣеǣͲȥƴƴԣҲ߹
ζԪ¯ʱ뵽û¯ֱգۣ˵ӣõһ
϶ЦЦ˵ͷ
ȳǩϵĶһгսˣζϰֵľ棬ܵߣӣսǳ佫ҲǰɵķʮģǼ빥ԣɲܴ⡣
ϵͷʵζĶ˭
һлƵļһӦǸ߼ʦɣͻ佫ҲԶˡζЦ˵㲻õңˡ
˵ţսصζƲ˵ãˮԣֻдʦΪ϶Ķ֣Ҫʦ־ͺˡ
ʦ֣
ʦǶүүĵӣҲų佫Ϊǽ˫ԣ϶ĳԲ˶ߡʦͬʱԵ佫ܱȵģζֺܲΪȻ˵ߣǰ˵Ķôôʵǳսʦʦǲ¶רѣĻΪһӵĵһˣǲ֪ʶǳ̡
˵ŵʱ򣬴Ҳ˵ţһҪõһ
İɣүүΪߵҲǳ佫ѣҿм佫һСϵǹףҲЦͷҪʧҲҪʧõһ϶Ҳܸˡ
Ѿ뵽µһķ⡣
˵ţʼ
ÿʮΪһ飬ϸպڵһУζԳ˵šӣ̨̨͡ϣս
ҲǵһУ̨֮ϣŵض˵ɣӮң
򲻴ӮҪ˵
볽սȴӣѾشܣгɾ͸е̨۾ֱųϡ
̨ϣս˵еǿ
Ҳϴ
㻹ҵĶ֣
仰Ҳ˵ģ
սЦˣɫأһȣаɣҿûʸ˵⼸䣡ȭ
ҲǵȻһЦӦȭϣ볽սӲӲ˭


096 ƣƣơ
ȭ
սһȣЮƣϡ
ȭͷڳս̤һʱ򣬱ɫâȳսֻ̤ȭͷȻΧȭͷҲ˶ޱȣ
̤ȫԸײ
飡
սĽŲͣסҲס
ʱĻ棬볽ս룬ȫͬУƺǿǶ⼯Ԫ̩ɽѹһȭ㲻ܽɣҲ㹻ײһˣ
Ȼʵȫ෴ûж˿սȴǸоֱۣ첻ܿƵس鴤սľǣûоԪҲ˵һȭǵ
ǳսûΪˣʧȥģ˶־ûս⣬෴ս⣬ȼһӲƴĶ֣ǿɲףս𣬡ܲɲһӮң
𣿡һʣҲһȣˣ
£ǵѪıǿټǿһ̣ӵ쾡£
սˣ
ϣ
սһˣ˫Ŀǣӷ·Ҫ͹һ㣬ƵȻǿ󣿡
Ա߹սڵӣֱо̨Ҳ
ӲƴռϷ磬ҪսϾǳ佫Ĵڣôһҽһ壬Ȼʯ̨ȳһؽӡȭͷԼ֮˳һȭ
һȭ֮£սֱоѾľòһ㣬ҲֱȥҽץסǸӡҽΪ֧ŵ㣬һתбȣս
սУĶűһѴӣ
ѴӣҲƷ
һųսӴԪ£˸оһСɽ㣬ѹ
أȴûжؽԼ˺ֵزΪԳ˵ԪͷţôԶԶѰ˵ǿ½ϣƾ̣Һ佫Ǹ߾ߺȻһսڣ
һ˲䣬ѸٽȫѹҼ磬Ҽ·ȻƬƬɢȥֱϹļ⣬ݺύʮѪɫϸܣ
ȭײĲײġꡱǡˡһżײĸо
ƣ
ϴȣսͣڿС
սǺõ߷ʮѹȥ
䣬ϵѪȴӲǳסսѹսѹ·ֺ
Ǻսʮֳӵʮѹ
Ȼ󣬳ϵӣѹȥˡ
ɣȴΪУʯƵ̨ܲסս˿ȥϵ˫ȣҲ̨ݣ
ӣǴӣԱ˷ŵģؽãҪƴսƷǺɽͱڣܴһ𣿡ζʮֵŭҲԼǰûиս¡
һ𾪣ֻǵϷΪǹףԵסٽ
ڸ̨ϣϧҪûиպñչأϸĽ̵һ϶ģ
ÿˣﶼŲͬ뷨ϧģгЦģз̵ģڴġһ㣡
ȻЩ޹أ
䴦ƣһԷˣһŲģžϥ¶ף
һ¶׶ƽʱ˵Ǻͨƽ׾پģ£ͷսҪһǽ־սҽ̨Ϊһ
գ϶ȥˣɹذţսĿâֱһȣҪô˽ѹ£һʤ
ƣƣƣ
̨ݵԽԽǹ¶׵ϥʱϱˣ絯һ㣬ڣͲһ㣬
ϵӳ˳̨ԳվĵطΪģ˷ѿȥսǱϻ𣬳ս߾ȫơ
ƣƣơ
ųȣսֱӻˣӳսУɳȥĵӣɫ䣬һ֣սͣڿУ¡
̨ϣ̨һѿٶȸ죡
սˣ˲£
ĳսȴЩľȻ㶣ˣˣ
ս̧ͷŶĳϣϴʱ¶顢ݺύ˺ۣһ¶ţս죬̹Ȼ˵ƣҳϣϣұȲ㣻ǣ㲻һܴӮңҵս似ûȫʩչʱ䣬ٱһ
ãϸɴӦҪĥԼ
ˡƽʵӲƵ̨£ȴţŬʹ࣬һֲ˺ۣ
˺ۣȾߵ˼ˣ̾ӵļ㣻ڵӼǾȣǱģΪϿǰװ׾һ˿ڶûУ
ζˣͱڵһĻĻ綴ĵĲ㣬һ棬ܱ׳ˣ
룬ζ۾˿룬Ķ룡


097 в
볽սһս֮ľȣϧ
ȵǳӮˣϧǳսôһˣȴ˹ڵĳϣ⻻һ֣϶СȭУͽִڵء
ܾȣϧһĻǸ൐ţȴ˺۵Ļ棡
ҪǧĥܻӺ
ȴ˵̨ߵζߣζӴָóһɫ磬ϣЦζлл㡣
ζһЦҿɲñ˿㷢
ȻʵЩ˺ۣʲôЩ˺ۣһһǿ֤
̨ϵıԣȻڼϼ˼ζ򾲾ߣѵõǣ϶ȴû棬ҲǸ˺۵Ļ棬Ҳˡ
ζ̨ƻ룬ҪӮֲСħŮ֪ζУȻ̨ٶȻص˳ߣֱŪûһһ㶵ġ
һĻŭٴ졣
ֿλʦֵıԣ껹Ȼɾؽ˶֣۹ײһ𣬻˵ͷ˭ҲûȥעһԵһֱӵĳ裬ƣţųɡ
һıԽҪζȻԣڴȴվǶζ÷ϻֱƣŬԼЦ˵ζȥ
еôУʶ𣿡
ûᣬתͷԳϣ˵һֻ󡣬⣿ֱǳ롣
ƽؿҲ£
£ƣΪ㣿֪ʲô⣬ζζõôʲôԪʯϰеҩƣҺܱ㣬һŮ˵С󡣡ϲ˵š
ȻƽҪʲôαҪ˵أ
ζȴӦˣģһСϲӣôҵĶԸ˭͸˭
ǲˣҲҪֻ󡰡˵
㡭
ôˣҳϰҵδޣȴһûһ߳𣿡
ģҲδޣǰǣڲǣԺҲǣԶǡζǻŵ˵仰Ŀ⻹ɨϣ뿴ʲôӦ
˵ǾͲǣүүѾ˵ˣҵ׼°ˣȢţ˵ţҪҿͱˣֻһ𣬾ͱĺݡ
߰ɡ˵֣ǰȥζҧŴڳ󣬳ߵǰͷ˵ζԸ޸㣬ڣͱ붯ζһë
Ǹʲôܻвӣӡ
˵ţԡ˽ȥζں󣬶˵һ䣬Ƕ߲Ƕ
ζ㡭
ζȴѾϵ˳ϵߣ˵ӣղ˵Ǿ仰Һϲ
ں棬˵ıӰĿޱȣֵģҷһţһᵱ˵棬԰Ҫҡ
׳աϻ֣š
ҪŭһӰȴƮǰʵν磿
һû˵ӰƮǰ棬ͷ¡
Ӱүүүүܲ򵥣ǧȥǣ޷ֻתȥڴŵĿģ뽫һϣ˭֪ȴˡ
գǰʮʮó鵽ֿǩǣıԣϾͿ˳ս˵ıԣʱڳ϶
ʱҲ֪սпܳ嵽ǰǾʮȫܣѡսǰʮˣսɹͽȡ˵ĵλɶĹ򣬾Ϊ˷ʵرԳµӵˮƽ
գǰʮߣһαֿգ˳ý
գ߽ģֿգһֿտżȻڶֿտԿ⣬αֿգǾô͸Ź죬ζ˵ţӣŵıζ
һЦ֮ʲôıھԵǰô
ζͷӣһҪõһζǰֻǼϣ˵ʱĳֿ˵ĹĻԺ֮ȥ֪ܲԸ⣬̫үүϣǶֻ֧һսдš
ԣζϽ뿪ɣ׻֮ǰ뿪
ҲһıУսطǰʮһˣǰǳϡ껡ս
һֿЦˣֵģЩֿգоˬɣ죬죬Ҿͻµ
Ժ޾YYʱ򣬳Ҳϲ֣ΪЩҹͣ϶ѾȱڣȻһССȱڣȴ־ųǰһ󲽣
ϲֳ


098 ǹףƣ
峿ϼɣҫ顣
ž⣬ޱȣһҹĻԪŴ˰ٷ֮ʮûԪȥǸСȱڣڻڣõ
죬һҪӣһܼĵӣΪ콫ǾԵǿ֮ս֮ս
˭õһվߴڵӷֳɣĸ˶ǵ֧ߣУ껵ֶ֧࣬ΪӴ
Ϊһ·Զ껶ȫʤսӮǸɾƯȻ֧ǵҲͶࡣ
սΪһսڳ֣֮ȻںıУ⺷ޱȣһܼڣԣҲʹۿۡ
ڳϣȻҲȫʤΪֿյԭ򣬻ٵؽ˴ҶĹעȻ򣬳ϵ֧ҲģֻΪζɵĴС㣬ǲõСħŮȴΪźҡرǲٵӶ֪δޣζȥ֧ȴֳ֧ϣʲôɸ˵ܣ
˵Ӯˣóſڵϵ˵˵սӮˣҲóϳ˵˵˵ӮˣΪûн껴ܹζΪ׵֧ȴ˵Ϊûϳϣˣͬǰܡ
֧˭˭٣ֵ֧ö಻һӮˣջҪʵ˵Ҫʵ˵
ʱһγǩʼ
ǩʱεضųϣ¶˿Цݡ
ǩ
껶Գս
Գϣ
ĳǩ̾˵·Ѿ˳ϱ仨ˮĳ
ҾҲǡһƽ
Ժܿ쿪ʼ
Ѿվ̨֮ϡ
һ̨ϣվǳս껣սӲһҪ㣬ΪҪٴһսҰҪӮ
껵һЦҲһսԣҺľһһҪ㣡
ãǾȭͷ˵ɣ
һ̨̨ԶȻ˵Ļ˶ǷŭޱȣǵĿǣ϶ᱻƴܣǾȻңҪʵ֤ǰǾһֻϣޱСĴڡ
볽սѾ֡
˵ƣһϢҲǰ֮ǰĸ߼ʦҲĳ佫м佫Ϣо
ķϻܶ࣬Ҫ򣬲䡣
ŭղ˵⻰˹֮ƣ֪һαʧ˷磬ƣҽѵѵ֪Ķ
˵ţûڤȴǽм佫ʵȫչ¶Ϲȥ
ģӲӲһϱҵļЮŰƣݺȭ
һײ֮£һʱȭﰵӵЩ󣬻׼
Ŵ©ϵȻŹȭͷӡؿ֮ϡ

࣬ʯͷײϣ
ֱԾȴŵؿЦֵģǲǺⰡҴǹףҿֻһЦĴڶѣǹԵֵٽ
ֵģˡѹ˵һкܶྪϲͻ֪
˵ţϵȴ¶Ц֮ʣѹұϣֱϵ·һըѳΪ˲ַ죬йڷӰءžžžžش죬Ҳڿֱͣƾճһ벻ֹ
׳գԵʱ򣬻ôࡣ
Żϵȭͷֻһָ֮ࡣ
Ȼη壬ֵģˣûãù
һ˲䣬ЦȻֹ
ΪϵȭͷѾؿϣʱؿڵǹףȥһȭӡӣȥ
УƮѪ
̨֮ϣϡڡվ߻жϡȻ£ųϵ۾ɱ
ۿҪ̨ϽӴָȡڤݺһ̨ȥƷڤȻһֱʯжһ̽ʯ档
ɼȻˣڤ̨ϻһѷ죬ֱ̨߽һ֮ʱסƣվ̨ϣ֡ۡ³һѪ
ֱųϣ۵ķŭ۵𾪣ܣǹ׿Գٽǹ׿Ʒܷ£⵽ô¶


099 
ؿȥǹף״ŭš
̨¹սڵӣǳϵ֧ߣ֧ߣȫ˾У켴ζȷӦߺšӡӡȻ󣬳ϵ֧ߣҲ
˰ɣһ˷ܣ׷ˣζߵһˣ̫˷ˣҲ͸ζˡӡ䣻һʱ䣬ζתͷŭƺǸʯͷһǧȦĹ£ŵ˵С㣬Ҳ̫˷ˣҡ
ˣִ֧ӵķϣһξĹ㣬㲻׼ٺӣҪƣ֪𣿡ζѵһΣæͷߺšơ֡
֧ˣȴ˪ή˵һ㣬Ҳڣ֪һغϣͱ˼ҴѪ̨սߣηڻ
ϣȴûЩҲûп״ģڿһ⣬볽սһսʱͲˣѹһ֮ٱֱǱΪʲô
ٻղŵ龰Щˣˣѹ൱ڲѹѹԽڲѹԽ󣬱ԽǱںӴʱľƽխƾͺܼǰ۵ˮԽ࣬ʱҲԽֻҪܵסѹٱǳܲסô˵УҲ͵ѣ˵δ˴򵹣Լˣͬһ㣻ǣһ㣬˵ȴ⡣
̨ĳϣֱоһνľ磬˽㶣ߵֻʦ˶ˡ
ڶ򣡡һʧ
Ƕ֪֮ãЩ˼ʮҲѵöһأɳϾȻڱԵʱ򣬶ˡ
϶ϵĿ⣬Щȴ΢ЦȻûнʲôȴɣĹŵӣ֤۹⣬ûд
ϵĿ⣬ȴޱȡ
֪ںɽͱڴһΣ˱Ŀ似綴ֶһΣҷն似ֻ֪뷨
߿ϣ˺ν𣿡
볽սļսѵֹؼĵزȻտһڶеĳϡ
һٶһУ˵ʵȴڼͷʯ֮䣻Ϊ⣬ԣϺҸЦˡ
ЦȴǸо˳裬س裬ڴţ㲻Ƶǹ׵ķ˵ң
ܺãش⣬ǹܳٽܳܰ˰ٽܳһǧ𣿡
ܴһǧܣԲܣҪɱ㣬ɱ㡣ڤϳȥ
ãÿҵ뷨ǷȷĿǰѹж󣡡
ϴ̤ǰͬʱʼڵһѹұϣͣԶѹѹԽԽ󣬳ɫѪ죬Ȼѹѹѹ
̤һһԽԽ죬ֱɳսľڣʯ̨Ҳʼ
ڳ̤߲֮ʱѽǰȵԪնʽ
ȻǷҩ᳤ΪͻƵ佫磬ڴϵľȻ书֮£м佫ǣм佫м佫ټڤԪնʽѾӵбȰǰԪնھʽµ
ת˲
ȭͷӭڤϴȣ
䣡
ϲδȭͷڤӴһǹɺƴȵͼǹޱȵĽԪײһ𣬱죬̨ʱһӡ
ڱըĳ֮£һμٺˣҲֱ˺üסӡ
ȻֲϾ̾ҲѪȻһغϣʤĳһ̶ֳ˵ռϷ磬ԳȭⲫϸҲ൱ش󣬸ղһȭͿڵǿ壬ͱײܶʲôӰ壬ȴ˾ʹһ˺Ѱʹ
ҪŬش壬ǿ̶ȣҪ̫ߡܽž顣
ٿһߵǿֹסκֱѪ벻ףڤƷƷ似ҲƷм佫ΪʩչôƼһΪξȻֲһֻȭղõʲô似ÿ£ˮһ㡣
һ裬ѾƲסǹɱ⣬һ𣺡ҪԪնʮʽ


100 
ŭ̼ʧȥǣʧȥƵˡҪ⼸֡
⻰һ϶üͷýĿУŭ⣻Ҳڰ˵ôôϻֻܴ򣬽ɱ˾ǣʱ˵ʧ֣˭Ҳκ㲻ãڣô˺Ǿվ·磬ɱǻ˵ɱˣǾ͡
϶ĿͶߣߵ˵ͷʱһ֡߿ϵĿ⣬ͣɻ󣬡ûʹԪܱСôģСζ۹⣬治ֻǿϧˡ
̨֮ϵһУȫʩչԪնʮʽȫȻֻ֪֪һҪǰǸˣɱϧ۵ɱ
ϿŷǸЦ޷ؽڳʱ򣬳ϲŶؽʱҲòʹؽ
һСϵȥʮ֮˾ţÿһھʹزţ״̬ƷڤϿûаհȻ
ϴ˿̵壬ƷȻɵȥƷǰһȭҲûڤӴӴˣҲһ
ڶʽ
ǰǰһУͬǣڵĽԪԪ٣ԪǱȽ϶࣡
ϵѾԾ˿Уһ˲䣬ؽҪڤײһ𣬿ǣȴоԪˣؽĽϣûκιâ
ʱ򣬾ˣƴˣ
ȻԪڹؼʱ̸ðٱҲȴԾȻƣȻಫ
ɡħһ㣬ЦҵڤƷҪնؽٿԴ
飡
޴ײٴȥ
һأ˵̨ԵҿؽһһΣǵȥ
Ȼ״ռϷȴɵۡ
ϵؽֻؽûǰѣǺ𣻷ڤȻȱڣ
ܣôܣѵؽƷױڤߣǰʵһսΪ׼˺ܶྪϲм佫ΪһϲܵٽǹףһϲƷڤһϲ
ڣм佫Ϊ˼ûǹҲˣڤȴһȱڣ
׼ľϲȫ˼ҷϲˣ
⵽˭ڸ˭ϲ
۾ѪˣģԳѪȻҲѪЦˣӴָͳһѵҩһԶȫҩķӣԽԽɲҪһ
ζæӣӣСĵ㡭
ȴؽղ³Ѫպ絽ؽϣ켴˹һĻѪȻ͸ȥˣȻȻؽʱؽҲѪпԭɴʱ˿̣ؽѾɣȻѪ
ⲻòóޱȵؾȡ
Ϊˣ³һѪؽϣȻǰһһʧڽԺֳ
ζԽԽĺȺϻعͷȥζӳһѵҩӣס¡
ζĻ䣬ϸսҩԶЦˣѾˣȥɣ
Ԫնʮһʽ
ȳ̨ϴȻվﱯȻʮһʽûգð˴գɵĺء
Ҳ׼ڹؼʱ̳֣Ĺŵӣֻߣһɣƺ̨ϵģƺһн֮С
ϼԥһڽҩȫ˽ȥûΨһܿסģֻԼ
ҲûչΣóٶ
쳣侲ֽȵʽ
ѡģȻǿ似ҷնΪʱһԪһҷնӦԣʡ
似ѵѡ
Ҳƴˣûȫı棬ʽ
˵ľԽԽźǽԪԪǻԪ
ڵԪ԰㣬·˳ϵźƺҲܵ˵ҩƸоһ̣һ̣߽УǳϸоڵԪһССȱڣؼ
ʱؽɢ˳˽ɫĹ⣬ɫĹ⣬ɫâ
˾һֱƵߣҲǺȻվȵԣ֮壡


101 ʳ
죬ʽ
ؽĽ֮ϣɢ֮⣡
䣡䣡䣡
ؽڤײһصһƬ֮С

濪ʽȾڿС
ԪƷ棬ԪѹԪ
Ǹо˿Ԫƿķһɾ޴ѹܷһɱޱȵĻֱ塣
ʹʹ
ӣڿУʹгֱоڵѪһӾͱɣҲ챻ǻճɻҽеڤȻûǰǰ½ǰѳƬȴҲǳɲƲֱɳ
һĻ̫ͻȻƷת̫졣
Ȼ̾ϢвܳܵĽԪնʮһʽǣܽ˵ĳأҲֵˣպٷķΪӵٻָ˵ø
Ȼϵؽɫâʱֱˣ⣻㼯оʱ׼֣ϧһ˲֮䣬³Ǹȥȡ
ͬҲǲܣΪеԪڹϣһеĹɹʵĹԣԪնֱϣǳǿ˺۵壬Ҳһ˼ʮˡ
飡
̨֮ϡ
ͬʱӣһľڴ㣬Զ
ǡʱϸϵӼ䣬һ̨֮ϣĳϣŭӣҪ㸶ۣ
һټϴϵΪԵôϺạ̊́Ͼӱ鼱֮£˳嶯֮顣
ֻǣǴϱֳĶѣϵʵͼҪϣأóò
ôõĴϣȻ֪ζʲôҲ֪ɽεӣڲôԺĻᣬͻٺ١
ϳɳô죬һΪľ磬Ȼܽм佫ģʱգҲǳϵĶ֡
ȻϼȻôޣȻͲϳɳʱ䣬һСʯͷһɽ壬֮ɱѿ״̬õİ취
ںҲпǣϾҲֻǸո֪ԣʱɱϻǿܶܲͷɻҪңԲвԣһ֮䣬Ѷ
ϴӴϵĺ֮У쳣ظо˴ϵɱϷŭˣԣܣխ½Թ֮һ潫Ϊжʱʱ̶̿˵Ҫȡ裬ֻǽ׳գټڰᣬ¡
֪ԷȴǱ䱾һǿߣŴҪɱܲŭ
浱ӣ۸𣿡ҪҵҾƴ
Ҳ֪Ծٶȳ̨ҪסĹŵӡ
һУ˵ӣʵһ˲֮䡣
Ϻһ仰ʱѾϼɱУƣߵĳϣ˺еѹţƴѹ
ǿ֣߳Ȼͬ죬ɱ˲伲ۿҪڳϵľ֮ϣۿϾҪ֮ʯ٣̨֮ϣһߣ󵨣
ʱϵӣ͵Լٶ̨֮Ϸȥ
ͬʱϵĶ棬һߣ˴ϵɱУٿ赭дǰƳһƣȴɫ䣬ϽˣϧѾֱѪԲʯͷתһ·ϣʲôס
߿һֱۣ˵ν磿
һ֮ˣϾھһ֮ʵģߣڿУоߺХоʲô壬󾪣ʵֶΣһ֮£֮Զ̽ȡǺүүһɱУôֲپϱǿһУҲסȴүүǰ׵ػ⣬һơ
賤ϣ֪ӭٲζȤֵΪϲģһׯ£ɭɭ
Ѿһ֮ڵϡ
ҪɱӣҺδ֮УؿҲȾѪϣңվȻ˵
ȵǿʶӺҪȡͽѧղ㾹ȻԳ֣һС
ҲһҪвʧȥǣƽļ㣬ȫʧ˲ߣʱ˵棬Ȼͷϴҧ³֣Ҫң


102 
Ҫң
ƾ̣˵⼸֣϶ϵǱܴ󣬴޷Ҳ֣һߣһнʱյĵλĥĹͣߣĶӣʱΪɱָΧϻ֣ɵʧ϶һĴ
ϵĻϻһ˿ɱĨɱ˭Ҳ˿ģֻϣ״̣ȴҲʵѴôôô򣬻ǱҪģ賤ϣлȥˣԺ󵽳ϵ
ǡϲٴ̼ȥȷҪʱˣͻԹȥ˼أʩչԪնʮһʽܵķ֮⣻гǱ棬޴ĿʽĪ˺رǻ𣬿ҫɫǼ
ȥԳأɵڵӣȴסˣ˭룬ǽ쾹Ȼ˳ʳֵ
֧ߣȫһĳĬ֮УǶ޹⣻ϵ֧ߣȴһκ䶯ڣζȴǵһʱ䣬̨֮ȥ
볽սıԣҲˣ϶ȳ̨ʤһ̨Լ֮˲Żعųϸղŵı֣еսŨ
ҶҪһսսսȻϺȵ
껵۾Ҳȼսܻ棬һսˣֻң
ս֣սȡ
ǬԪն껲ʾ
˵սս֣ǼҵȻ
̨֮ϣϥץʱԱָԪζ̨֮ܵϣæеʵӣлԪ˵ĵҩлѪġ
˵ţζͳһѵҩݵǰӣȥ
¶Цգӹҩ˵ллҩȫ˶ҩƷ׺ܸߣշҩϵ˿ڣڿʼϣζ⣬ĵЦˡ
ԼżȻյĵӣΣƺö飬˽⣬Զ֪֪϶ҲȥˣҪһĽ̵εǣղҪϻʳ֣ŵӣҪ֮֡
һ˵ͽ
һûнʲô֮ɫֵҲܲսС²Ķ֡
Цˡ
϶ųϵĿ⣬Ǹӵ˼㣬ƽǱһӣκȴŽⲻ𣬶ŮδޣȴߵüΪ׽
϶̾һʵһԣҪ𣿡
Ϊβ
ôء϶ָų˵һɣϷڣʲô
϶Ȼִ߽ڳϣҪˣһ֮̽£ֱԾ켴ץסϵɫ䡣
˲⣬ȴ֪
Ҫȳʲô΢΢ҡҡͷս죬Ȼ֪Ϣ˳ȥʲôȻ󲨣Ƿڲѣ޾н𡢻Ԫ漣Ȼܷǰʮ
ﾪȣȴǲɫԪˡ
ϸоӿڵԪһӴ󣬶ʱϵǸɺԵɳĮһ㣬ҪԪ
ǣԳʱһ⣬ûԪֲڸǾۼһҪӴԪȥȱڣ
ϵⷬΪȻߣ߶һڵΪûֻԴԴϵṩԪ뿴Ҫʲô
ϵԪϵһ̶ȣȱڷһһһΣССȱڣԽԽ󣬳ϲ֣һξۼԪʱ򣬳Ժһ뵽һҪ⣬Ȼܹѹʹ֮Ԫأܹܲѹ
ܻǲܣһԱ֪
ѹԪ߾ۼѹڲͣӿԪȴֲͣѹԪϵɫѾ쳣԰ףɳϻѹ
ЩԪѾѹòѹ滹ڼ룬ҲڵԪͷţѹЩѹµԪͻط˱仯Ȼת
͵תת
ԪһڣͼתĶ顣
ζԽԽ԰׵ɫŵ˵ӣôˣ
ûлش˼ȫԪѹ֮ϣͬʱҲǱתԪס
ζ̧ͷ˵̫үүôˣ㲻ڸɫôԽԽ԰ף
ʱζ̫үүҲ֪Ĵӣʲô£оڵԪٶȴؼӿ죬һ˿˿ɿƵĸо
Ȼֻһ˿˿ǣǺεΪܳ״


103 ʹ࣬ɹ
ת
ת
ɫ԰ףҲֹסز
˵һΪϻѹ
ѹתٶȣǷ
֮ҪΪоתԪ̲һɺƴǰδеǿ󣬶Խ󣬾Խܽȱڳγͨ
ߣȴ𾪣ΪתԪȻһؼȡߵԪҴ˵Ϊһ˿˿쳣ôΪģʦ֮ģǾǾԵֿסڵһ佫ҲҪƴֿ⣬ʲô˵Ԫ˵ʲô
ߴ̾ʮ
ţҲ˾ģȥǿпԪٶȣɳڵǹԪҵҪСӣγ̶ȡ
ȻҲȫ䱸ţԷһһɲʲô£
ʱ˿̣˵״ͺñȳһ̨ˮһķһˮ⣬ɳϼȡȻ״ĳ֣Ϊûмֹ£ƣΪֻҪһܽˮرգҲȡһԪ
Ȼһ̨ˮʱȴֻˮˮųȥ
缢ƿʵؼȡţתٶȵļӿ죬ʼҵĲͺǸķ˳ˮĶ

һڲѹԪ
ʱӴޱȵԪڣɽһ㣬ֱֲǸȱŰȥ
䣡
ڵĺ켴³һѪɫ԰׵Ըӵĵزֱӵأʡ¡
ԣϵӣڲ
ҲڳͷԪһ̣߸оϲȡԪ
һ֮Уȡ˶ԪԼ֪
ǣȻȡԪ˵ֱǲ׺һڣɶԳ˵Ǿһֲ
ߵĻ˵ϼȡԪȥܹһɽ˵ǿˡ
εĺԤףȫ䱸ŵߣҲ⧲
ӣôˣңӣѰζ۾ʪæ̫үүȾȴӣȾ
æӣһӣоſֲȻֲֿԳ˵ģǶ˵ֱǳСƣֵһᡣ
˿̣ҲóȻ̽Ԫ»Сӵ£ҲΣ
ǣȷţСӲ
İɣСζĴӣȫȫһ׾˵ģŰɣ¶˽ۣ˲˵һ
ζȴģĵʵ̫үүǴӿôʹģ
ʹࣿ߾׽ʣٿ˿ϵ˺ۣ˵ܵôʹ֮ˣܵôɹ
˵̧꣬ͷźүүЦϻƣִ̫ˣʲô粻ģֻҪΪã𣿡
үүָų˵ܸҴ𰸡
ֱ۶ɾһ룬뵽ڳϵһ¶ɵСӣ̫ˣ˵ܸ𰸡
ҲȰ˵磬ÿ˶Լĵ˵Щ죬ϻһֱϲԶķΧûнνɺζ֮ǰųˣҲڿ״ϾСϻƸţϲôϵ֣ҪСӵ
һ̨ϣսһ˰˴ߣ
󣬵סս˴껣ǺѪһսڵء
ˡսţûвֻǸоź̨ϣսһ
ս˵ھŴľͻңûһ㽾Ȼ޽ԣĪƣս裬ǾСӡ
ϧֻڰ˴㻹һս˵ţȴû٣һԾ𣬶˵ڴһεսƺǿ
һʵȥ֤ұǿ
ϣˣս˵꣬Цˣҿɲ֧㣬һ֧ưܣͺͬˣ
ҲһЦҲԸġ
ˣϴȻԣʾǳսˡ
һս껶Գϣ
˭ʤ˭
˭վڵһλϣ
˭ɶʮµеĵһˣ


104 һ
껻ص̨֮ϣڵϲѵĳϣȵʦôˣ
ҡҡͷ
߻ͷʵս𣿡
ܣ껼ᶨش
ãԼ
ɡ״̬𣿡Щʣɲ֮ΣҪһս˭ʤһ

Ȼһɣȵʱȥ״̬
껶ʦ˿ûʲôֻõһϥ
ζȴǶԸղ˵Ļ̫ܲͬүүӲ
˭㿴߶ס죬ζ죬˵ûвˣҲͿҪѹˡ
ϴʱƽٶֻȻ԰׵ÿ¡
֮УԼԼоЩѹñγ״Ԫȱڵʱ򣬱ֲȱǼ䣬Ȼúܴ󡭡
ţƴԪӱըȱڴӿ룬ʽǰƲɵ֮ơ
ǣƲɵǰһ̣һʹḶ́ȳʮ꾭֮ʹһҪʹѪڻҪʹλʦԪʱʹ綴Ĳ㶴ڻҪʹԺ͵ʱʹеһƴ
ֻǣǻϻԺѪ֮Ѫ⣬ԴʹʱҪеشһͨһñȾĴڣģֻԼƬ̲Ϸɴ壬ǻȻ֣Ҫžʹǿ־
죬ʹģ
ܳסʹ࣬ܰʹࣻôʹͽϲã
ӼƼʹܻ࣬ΪڻӼ䣬ؼ䣡
ϣʹ֮󣬵õıһñȾͨؼԪҲһս֮ʱԪڹؼʱ̵ӵ
ڣԪˣͨҲͨسڳֹͣĲʹϣڼĥ
ʱȥˣȻûѣζļ̫үүôûѰ
ң˭ȥ˭֪ʲô˵ô˵ȴϼһȫûˣֻЩٵȵȾˡ
Ŷ̫үүӵһŵҩɡ
ܲ𡣡ղصĵҩƷ൱ظߣһϻܲ𣬿ǣ֪ܳܵסǿ壬ܳܲĵҩеĵҩĴڣ
ζôһ˵ҲֻգȴǵݸζٵҩζЦ˵үүá
СζƿҵĹŵӣҵȻҪˡЦ˵ζҩϵ뵽ϣ뵽ȴ̾ϢһˣŪ˰
ְʱҲζĵҩҩת
ĵһ£ȥоͨϸоͨʱסˣþϲסˣ˽ʮ꣬һӵһľȻͱ˵ľͬǴͳϵľǣϸҿ϶ľӵԱ˵ľϺ֮ܶ࣬޲
һһӵоˣӵоˣף֪𣿺ӵоˣʦ뷨׼ȷģˣˣҲʧģʦϲؿţźţϲõʱ̣һ˷ϲãȴܣֻܲԺȴǸףһʮɽǾȻףһžǡǰζס
ϸϽЩ˼ѹ£ţȻֻһ˵һڶԶ𣿵Զ
Ȼֻһڱ˵ûʲôǶڳ˵Ǿϡ䱦Ǳϡ䱦ҪҪϾԻԥؾܾ
ʥҲҲ
ͻƵ쵤ҩҲỻ˵ѣԼңֻһɽ壬һҪʸߵɽ塣
Ⱦϲ֮󣬳һϸĸоȫңһĶĲڣӮңǽһǿԪǿԼͨǲ֪Ҫ¡
ӡӡζų۾ȴֲ˵ڳϵǰȥ
ЦˣǵģҴˡ


105 һ֮ս
˾͸վ
ϵһ㶣ΪԻ󣬡
켴飬˵ľЩЦãζ˸ӡĳƺţԼֶ֮һĳƺš
һ룬Լ¶ǹģ
¶һ㣡
ͦһԾ֮󣬶ߣһϹһֿл⣡
лңⶼ컯ҲӦõõġһ࣬ڣ㻹ս𣿡
ܣϺԥʮ˵
˿̣б죬Ԫ㣬սŨ
ڵԪȻζιҩĹˣ
һԵ껣Ҳָòˣϵ֮Ҳվˬʵ˵ʦܣ룡
ʦ֣룡ڳ˵һϲ֮УһЦݣУҲϲõζζôģԼҲ鲻Խޱȿģ϶üͷȴԽԽһȻôͽСħŮζշƣ˵Ǹǻ
϶룬ǲ֪˵һ𣬿˭ȵ̨
ã
˻δ̨ϣȴѾʼ
һá£Ӱȥǣֱ̨
һʼϲֻϢ֮䣬껱ˣرǵּʱһԾʮɸߣȸԾ֮䣬ϱվ̨֮ϡ
껿⣬Цѣɵôˣڿ似ڿգǳԿҪȥѧһڿ似ҪȻ͵õˡ
̨ϣŷԼոЩ۸ˣԾ̨ͶԱǸһЦ˵غϣˣǣľͽ㣡
Թ֪
ҪȫһսʦܣϣȫԸ
һģͬҲϣ⣡
ģ
£껽佫Ϊȫɢøˣ껿˫Եĳ佫ֿҩͻ佫ϣʵʵģԼͻƵģ
溧ˣ
ϣȻһЦȫȻתʼѹѹ̤ǰÿ̤һƱһ֣
һ۾ϳ˳һУٸƻѹĻᣬһȣǬԪն
ս̨¿ʹУ૵ԭǰҶսʱδȫɶ񣬵ҽսռʮҵĴ¡ƣӮ𣿡
ѹʱ뵽ѹԪԪ״ֲٳɣ֮ұ۳״ӭ껶ȥ
ͬʱһȣ
䣡䣡䡭
ϵը죬ըУͬʱˣ岽Ѫ
üһǰʱһֻǶһ֣Ȼôࣿ뷨ǬԪնռϷ磬˭֪Ȼ·硣
̨ϣߵһ䣬˵㣬һȭһǧٽ
ֱüͷϲЦտ
̨ϣ˵ָһ⣬ǽһУӮңóؽɣ
ã
Ȼ̩Ȼ֮ؽ֣ɭϡ
ҵڶУǬԪն
죬ʽ
ԪųϵĺһڴսȴȻﾪ̾Ԫоã
飡
ȻǽԪƷ棬ԪѹԪӦ֮ĽԪûȥóĽԪԪϣԪϮ֮ʱҲԼԪ
һˣȷᣬȻˣٴκ˼ĻԪֻ𣬲ϵļ𿹺⡣
ǣе껣û𣬴ȣУô㽫ҵĶ֣ҵУǬԶն
˲Ϯ
ٳйҲǲܡ
һռϷ磬ȴһЦȵҷնһʽ
綴Ĳ֮ҷնһʽרעڷ
ǬԪնȻͣȴǹƳɫâķֻ޹һغϣҲѪϾͣҲҪ֧֡
껵ˣ͸ˣڵأûղôȥ̧ͷʵʲô似ʣ֪似ʲôƷ׵ģȻЧ
̨ϣһȺҲۣ˵綴ģ
һ켴ߵĴͷ£Լͬ˵
껵ʣʵҲ֪綴ʱΪ˵ֵ紴ġ

ܿ죬껱סеĽԪͻԪȵһһУǬԪնҾͲƲķ
껵ǬԪնȻнԪԪԵԪǿۺϵƣԪбŷĻԪ뷨ʽȻһն
ԴˣһЦһΣҲٷҹ
ҷնڶʽ


106 裿ң
ҪƳϵķΪҪʩչһСǬԪն
֪ȴ˵ҪһΪҷնڶʽ
ãһȣǾͿҵǬԪնҷն
Ż껵ĽԪԪڿУҲžžϺԵԪһ㲻ںϣܽںϣúַԴþˡ
أֻؽ֮ϵĽԪܣʩչõľأ
𣡡
껴омʮӰں˻ԪԪĽӰϮЩӰ£ûһ򣬵ǣսڵһ޲һ衱ĸо
ûҷնڶʽǬԪնĻɲС鷳һˣǣڣ裬ҸҡԺһ仰ҷնڶʽӦŽӰȥ
һ˲֮䣬ϻһ˽ײǼʮӰ
顭
УӰֵ껵Ǽʮ̺žӰȫɢͲȶĽԪԪܵţ͵رըϵ죬ʯ̨ʱ˼ʮӶ̨ϵʯӶķ彦ֱ˴ˣֱ˻ȥ
ЩʯӶҲӵŲСܣɳȴǲܣǿ壬ԶЩʯӶߣ
껿ɾͲһˣĽԪǻԪǹԪڷϲŷʯӶȻȥʮʯӶϣȴʵʵײ壬˲СӰ졣
Ҫǣ껸ȴûȥЩʯӶеľԸϿҷնڶʽؽȥļʮӰ֮ʣ¼ʮ껰Χ
껴󾪣ΪķնٶȾǿģû뵽ƱٶȻҪ죬ǿ˺üǣ˵似Դģ
ԴǿҲһõ£ҪܴĻԵӴ似֪ʶȵȣô껶ֶ似֮˰
֪ϴ似ʼĿģΪ˱綴Ĳ
С
ƴȫסһӰӰȴǵסʮӰʮӰؽϻ죬ֱķ껺޻֮
˲֮ؽӰʧϳֽȴ̨֮ϣȻðʮѪԲͬλ
ڣЩλȫλ
飬ҪȻҲˣ£ЩˣټǿںϽԪԪķɺҲ˲ᡣ
ˣʦܣʤߣķڷҲлл顣ù䣬֧Լվ̹Ȼϣ϶ԳϲԹޣޣ
ֻǽҶѡ
ҡͷߵʲôңƽңʵȴࡢƴӦõõģͱԴҷնҲ綴ɾ󲿷ֵˣ綴Ϊȴֻһ˳ֺǽҡ
Ȼһʦ֣ܽˡ
һЦʦܣȻˣǣԺҿɾͲһ䣡
ҲŬԼ䣡һЦ̨ȥվڳսߣ˵ˣͬˡ
Ҳ⡣սԹһսȻûʹȫ
㻹ֵóȫʮʱȫһս˵ţȳսشּ˵Ϊʦܣʹȫһս𣿡
սĿɿڴ˵Ǽ٣
ҿ͸ʦܣֱùֵֹģңֱеơüͷ˵ûϵһƳеƣ
սҲųϵӰ˵ңҲᣡ
̨֮ϣϲ֪˵ĻʵĵҲ඼ƿˣҪ˵еƣǾǰ˵ڵԪֻǣڻû뵽
ڣڸӵоսȻǰĺ죬ôʹ죬ͬʱҲĥǰзնԪԪǿںһնܣǾˣֻǷɵĺҲͦء
ǿںϣܵķЧӦû᲻ٰɣϾҵ壬ͦǿ϶¾ģԺһҪŬش壬ǿں෴ԪǿȵҪ󣬶ܸߣ
ڳ˼ţԳѾζһ߸ߣߺŴӣ̨ȥ


107 
Եһƣ
Ӹ̨ϴֳ֧ϵˣΪζζѾס˳ϣ϶ֱüͷȴǲ˵ʲôֻøϽǰ콱Ʒ
սùûκϲñ顣
õƷ齣ȽƷߵߣ˵ʦûõһ
Ц껣Ѿúܺˣֻ̫ˣ
˼飬ͷͣȷʵе񡣡
񣬶Ǹǣʶô˵ϰο˵ӣֵֻҪģŬҲԱ
һġ껼ᶨơ
ϽӹԪ¯תݸԱߵĻϲֵζζ⣬㡣
ңζΪʲô
ϴΪؽٻԭ¯Ԫ¯պÿԸ㵱µ¯Ц˵
ζȵӣ֪Ԫ¯ʲô
ֻЦ
Ԫ¯ܹƳƷζѵܼӶһ˵ǻԪ¯ôҲһķ
֪ǣûؽôԭϣǲԪ¯Ӧõõġ
Աߵô˵϶Ӽˣͣ
ζ˵ӿǵصĸжϲŵӣҪôãǰҶô۸ġ
ʦ˵ˣҵ۸𣿡ζദӣѾζϰԣȻСħŮȽϰ۸ˣǣĵػǺܺõģҲˣֻĵλ̫ˣ֮˵۰谮ħŮԸ
ӣ۸ңǿˣ㣬㡣ζĴųϵţ϶һζ
ζŻعְѻԪ¯ݸϣ˵ӣš
Ϊʲô
ڵΪʹԪ¯ȰұţΪˣҪ
ģЩš
ȻģζָֻСħŮ״̬ӣҲҵĻ
Ǻðɣȸ㱣š
ң㻹ҪȽԪ¯ĥ͸ʲô֮ģȫҪףԺýң֪𣿡ζװͰ͵˵ȴǵĳϸܣͰѻԪ¯ӵʹԣζѾ˼˵ôһ仰
ϵ˵ͷԪ¯Ž˴ָ
ζùһѵҩһٿƷԪʯһƷԪʯųϵҩʲôģпٻָԪģлָģлѪĵȵȣӣ⣬ЩԪʯǴвٵԪԪʯЧá
Ա˼״Цֻ϶ЦǿЦ˵ƣȵĽ涨Ե¥졣
ҿڵһ𣿡æ֮⣬һֱ¶ûϵͳ֪ʶҲǼԣֲⷽȱ
ʳ⣬ֱԱߵ˺һ˵ãʹãڼ¥ڼ¥
һʵ̫ˡ
ӳһƣƣͿ롣
϶ԡƺЦѣӹƣлζҲԱ˵̫үүá
ЦҸôҩԪʯԭϣ㶼û˵ҺãҸСһƣͲͣ˵á
ζ߲ѣ̫үү۸˼ҡ
ҿɲ۸㡣߹ЦֵҪȥ͸Ͻȥºʱһڸȥ
ǣһڡ֣Ǿһݡ
ɢȥζҪųһȥȴ϶ߣߵߣʦ
ããá˵ãֵƣʦǵе㲻ְ
ûʦѾ޳ˡ
ҪҲչأǸöáǺڡ
ϻصԺлġ
ȥɣȥѰҪĶ
ʦȥˡ
˻֣ŵӵȥһĸоôһţȻͽܣʵϣûʲôԤУõԤУǾԺҲ̲ʲôһʦ˵ò˵һֱ
ȥ·ϣȻ֪ꡣ
ڲһ˵ţǴϷԸģҪã˿
İɣһƯƯġ


108 
ϵ˲󣬸Ҫţſھһ𣬡վס
ͣסŲͷһ˵ˣһףͻľǱӣӥƽ˼ǣֱ˵Ϊܸߡ
˭
ơ
˱Եĵһʮµһˡȳϻشӥ˵Ҳǵһǵڼֻ㣬һã͵زĹأ˵𻵻Ǵʲô似صϳͣ
Ϻ֣ûмӥУҲԩ޳𣬿һ˵ãȴǺһûйȥֻƽأȥ
ӥпųϵıӰ۾һɱ⣬ʺˣȻܽ¥ӥǲƽ⣬ȻػŲȴҲûн¥ÿһ¥ŽƣҪӦƲܽ
ȥɣ¥ȥɣʱԲ˶ߡ˵꣬ӥӰʧ
ߵһſڣож赲룬ζ˵ģ˳Ȼֱ˽ȥֱ̾½кܶණҲ׵ġҪѧϰĶʵ̫ˣֲ˵ѧϣֻǰ˵ҪľԼʵԼ㹻ǿ󣡡
һ㣬в棬ȻЩ˵׿ͦϤǣ󲿷ֵˣ϶ʶҲϵɣںɽͱڣ綴ζ⣬˶û
ǣϲʶǣȴʶϣȻԲŽʱϢʹ˿˶˽ⲻ˵һ
ǰҿıԣ൱ֻͣôһӦȥ𣿡
˭֪أҪ֪ĻҲǵһˡ
СдӣòǴӰɡ
ôģʦţò
ôȥ㣿
һ޽ѭ⣬ǿųϵĿĽȻмʣվߴģΪʲôԼ
ϣȴЩȫ֮Ժߵϱߣ׼ͷ𣬴Ŀʼ̵˽ߵ硣
ĳǸӥв𣿵㲻ȥôڵһ㣿Ҫһֱڵһ㣬ϷԸģôܹɣ
ķ籩ϲ֪֪үүҲڲйڡ硱κһϡ
ѾһǰΪûо½ϵ似ʺɵЩӣرӵеһ󣬳һǾǿԽԽûΪá
ʱڳϵף϶һ࣬ڣΨϲڡ
賤ôߵƽ
賤˵ˣʱˡ
ߡֻǺһ˼ǿɾǴض࣬⡣
϶˵ɣɵʵв鷳
˭Ҳ룬ȴ֪賤ϻ뷨Ͻӹ˵Ǳһӣһԣպߵһ˭Ҳ֪ʵһ¥ǣ賤ȴɱ
ǵȻܷҲܷ
ʲô뷨
ʦģζ飬֪ǲû˼ȻɺҪһӡ
üͷ壬ζһĻ棬һ̾Ϣ˵ξ棬ǽҵĵλ̧̫ˣΪȱҼˣɾҪɣ
϶ɫΣǰ뵽ĿǰЩ¶ҳȷʵб£ϼֽ׹ϵ϶ҲͰѺЩ¶Ҵγβ󲻵Ρ
ˣţСζŮԼŰ졣߲ͷ˵۵ǣòȥᡣ
ʣæʵΪʲô
һ֪̽ǻӦһ£һһڣҲװɡ
ĬȻ
߼˵ȥһڣ԰ĴɵԴʹãϤĽ̵ɳǸߵľ磬ٳȥҲͶ˼ֱϡ
ǣһεĽǱѰǣ浽Ͻ֣һսȥδ֪ɵЩ
Ҳìܵĵط


109 ּçɽ
ڲһ㣬ȫߵء
֪ϵ˳֪һαζšӡҲ֪϶סȥ֪ĺڰӥ۾ԽԽԽԽ
һһ죬缢ƿʵЩѧ֪ʶ˽ľˮԵ似һһ
Ȼڵһ㣬϶ǻƽ׵似һЩ֪ʶĽܣǳԿýζΪЩġ
һգֿһ似ӷŻܣţⱾ似ǸһȻܽԪڿ似УôȻҲܽԪۺҷն似֮Уһҷնڶʽ϶ü
еѶȣϾۺԪҪ֤ٶȣĥţ綴еһ˵Ӱٶȸ죬ӳĽԪȵȣû취ٶȸ졭
˼һ綴һһ಻磬˵Ҳܹ
뵽磬Ͼ뵽˺үүҡҡͷһ¥ô飬ûҵһ˿˿йصļ¼޴ڵķ簡ͦ˺ޣ˰ġ
ϰѷʱܽһߣֳһһպǡçɽһľŲ㡶çɽ
Ȿçɽ£ƽʱҲûжȥϾֻһ˭ķȥһֻΪǿǿأ
ǣ⡶çɽԳ˵ȴǾԲһ
ȣçɽųϵĻ䣬ʮġçɽȻô˵ûһôǣȴĻ䣬뵽һӣţȴҲҸš
ڣȴǹ⣬֪֪ʱܻؼҡ
˼֪࣬Уֿʼçɽʮļ䣬ǰ㣬ȫûκ⣬ˮһ㣬㣬㣬û˿谭
㣬ûçɽе鲻ԽطӣĲȥ
Ȼûһʣ෴ĸоȪһһˬ˵á
ǵ㣬㣡
һͣ
ֱ߲㣬ϲŸоЩѣһСɽبǰ㡣
ȫǱܵطӦϾҪԽСɽ߲ɡ
ɾʱȴסˣҲ˵Ŵˡ
⡭⡭ʲôȫȻŷǰһУΪô̵ʱ߲㡣
ó𾪵ǣçɽ롶Ǭûаͻ
Ȼϵ֮壬൱ԣȫԣȻҲ˵˫Ե˶ǣϵġǬǾǲһģǲݵġ
ԣһֱ϶ǰաǬԪûȥԹ㡶ǬתŵؽƷӡԺҲûȥԹ
ǣڣǾԲܼݵȴóôһʱ˵߲㣬ҳϻȫ߲㣡
ôԼҲֻԼѵ˵ĳ֣𣿻ΪҲ֪ԭ򣿡
šçɽ˴˼ţӿһ治ѣе˿̨ϱʱͶģַ찡ѵڶ𣿡
ЩӵΪȽϵͣΪߣǿ϶ڵһ㣬Ǵڸ߲㣻ˣҲֱ治ʱеĿ硣
ˣһϵ۹ŵĽʵȵȣȫתڵһ㿴˵ͼ似Ҳܶ򣬹Ȼ˵һܴʦֵǿߡ
֮뿴ʲô˵һĶϸһȴһçɽ
ٴδ󾪣çɽôܣһƽƷѣرǴģǿǿȵģôĶأ
Ǻһκգһ̾Ϣվǲܱȵİ˼ܵ㣬ȴƫƫһ㣬ҲͰˣƫƫ˼Ҿͻˣ
ҡͷעԼ似ϣͣţҲҪҲҪ˼ҶܶΪʲôܶ򣿡
Ҫ֪ǱţǶ򣬲֪ǻ᲻Ѫ
ϣ˼ţоһ


110 ݱ䱦
çɽԻƽƷ
Ʒ׺̯ܵͣûʲôرִǱѹ档
ȻôһƷ׵ϴһš
ȻȻ벻ףݵġǬ˳˳Լçɽ˵߲㣻ǳףܹİܴ󣬾ж󣬳Ҳ֪
Դ֮󣬳ϵ˷ν֮֮⣬ֶһҪң⣬񡰷硱һñֻ֪һ˽
⣬ֽעˡçɽ֮ϡ
ôһʱ䣬˵߲㣬ĪһֻɣϿЦš
ʵ̬ٶȵ⣬ҲͦýһѾʮ꣬Ѿٹ̣ϵӿǾԪĴĴ֮£ôƴƽʱʱʯͱڵȵĽӴɲ٣ߵ·Ӿ·ӣ롶çɽͨ
ͺñһӣˮ⣬˵ϣȻǷطѿ֦Ҷ
΢һ˼ҲЩףϿʼçɽ߲㡣
ʱ󣬳ϵĶͷϣѾ˺飬Ȼ߲Сɽôġ
ƷʾǼ㣬ѵͷˣ
ôһ߲Ͼҹգ۶
Ƽһξ̾ҹˣƶûжһ£ѲȻçɽ
̫˼ˣʦ壬ôȥֵƷ׵أ
һͻ˵ˣʦܴԵսʦֵսսʦֵսɡ

ԭô¶
ֻǣôô𣿡
ˣһǼҵĻƾ
һȻעԼϵ似ϣ۽⣬ȴһֱųϣأԽԽԽԽ
ְʱ֮󣬳崫žžĳſۣĿɽһءΡ룬߲㣬ˡ
ɡçɽ߲㣬Ըоĺʵ̣ڵֱһȭܴﵽһǧʩչﵽǧʩչǼӴﵽɲǧ
ڵ壬ʩչһΡԲʲô¶ʩչΡʱͻ⵽ɣܵص˺
˭˵Ʒ׵ǿ޾԰ֻҪ浽£ܻдŹâʱ򡣡ϸ̾һĿ⿴çɽĵڰ˲͵ھŲ㡣
һ֮£üͷçɽǰ߲㣬ûᵽڰ˲͵ھŲ㣬ȴҪָЩҪɾ硣
Ϸˣçɽڱһݣһȴһ鱦ǣ鱦ȴǲʺ
ѵˣԼıģһ㻹𣿡
԰ˣһ𣿡һЦ˼취һ취ֱӵİ취ǰաçɽҪģЩ
ֻǣѶͦ󣬳ϷѾǧ࣬ǽ֮֮£Ŵͨһͨѣ˵ڰ˲㡢ھŲҪģǿһƴḶ֪́Ҫ²ܴͨôͨ
Ȼٽ֮ųǽһ̹Ȼ֮ʿ϶ǣȴԸԼĵƣȫñգеܣ뱻˳ؿš
ߣϵĵһûеľԺҪľҲѡ񣬾Ҫڵڣѵλãڱ˾벻λãԣϻ׼йؾооžԺͨںδ
Ҫڰ˲㣬ھŲ𣿡ɻţͼѰҳçɽΪ˵̫Ҫˡ
ܷܻа취ġ
ϼᶨ˵ڰ˲ھŲķȫԺȻ󣬽çɽŻ֮ϡ
ڳϸսçɽŻȥһӣȫɽһ㣬ϲ⣬䱸׼ʱ֡
ʱ˴׼çɽҪˡ
˭˵ҪçɽѾҵˣ
ԭˣȫǳǱçɽȥ
ȻǰǲǶ˦˦һôȫҪçɽ
⵱ȻΪϣ
ǡʱ߽һˣһȣƣ
ӥУ


111 
Ϸ¡çɽһ˲䣬ӱӿȥҪçɽȻմȾϵϢΪǰˡ
ͷִޱȡ
ӥ߽ȡơҲûȥ˦
ǣȴͷţеˣ
Ҿǣ
ƣ㲻Ӧý𣿡ӥֱʵ
ϲڵһ㣡
ӥȣ㲻ܴڵһ㣡
üͷΪʲôƫƫҪȥأ
ǣʵΪʲô
ձԹ涨ֻȥ㣬ܴڵһ㣡
ϼ˵̽һ£ҪҲȥأ
ɾͱҲֻҵĹ֮һӥнʱ򣬸ûнϷ˵Щ¼ǣôӥеѾĹˣԣнһĻ
ô۾â
ӥЦˣѿֿԹ֪ˡ
ڲﶯ֣ߣղСС̽Ѿ֪ӥоǳģһҪݺʰģ
ƻ˹涨ֻǰչ涨£кβңӥѾǰ㻹ǹԹԵسȥӦȥĵط
ŻͻȻ䣬Ϣ
ʱЩӲֹͣ˶ԡçɽᣬһȽСӣçɽεزڻ±˶ȥ
ȻҲӥ˵ĻڵԻ󣬡ĻбȥģڵӿӥУ۾ﶼη壬Ȼƽʱϳٿ
϶Ϣг̶ȣǿö࣬оӥɢϢǸоϢУɱ
ɣйģ޲صģֻдϣѵӥоǴϵˣһˣŭȼգֻ밲һ㣬úȴƣƣǾ͵ţ͸һϲɣ
켴Ͻ߸Ǹչʾ˳ҪǿӲֶν£ȴǸƣʱʮְյϣ¶֮ɫһΣоƴĿֲϢȻ֪ƵȨ޺ܴ󣬴ƿ롣
ƣӥеıӸˣ۾ζŨˣȴǲòȻ˳ȥ߳ȥʱﻹһ
Ӽ״ʲôƣȻӥоֱ˳ȥͬʱв˱ŶӥеĲ˵ǴϵˣƽʱҲ˷ֶ֮
ЩóϵĶ䣬ǳһ˿ЦȻˡ
ϣȴûһŲӣ֪ӥеϺмֹΪӦõ磬ҲǸͻһ֣˲ꡣ
һǿĵˣȻóȻж
ĿǰΪֹսӮ˫Եĳ佫˲ˣûо԰ա
ϸҿ϶Ǹӥп϶һһͬȴŻᡣ
ʱӥ߷ȻݵҾͲţҪһӣֻҪ߳ߡֻǿϧСӲȥ㣬ϵĲҲɲóһ˶Ը͹ˡ
ӥв֪ΪûģΪɣѾó˽ġ
ͬһʱ䣬ڽȫκãǣƣֻϵƣ
ȻΪ棬ȴ˼أ൱ر硣
ǿҩͻƣǴϲϧķԼԪľм佫ϧһս˳޵ĽԪնʮһʽټ֮ϹаԵļƻأΪȻ˻ȥֱӵ佫磬һαɴʦľ磡
֪ʱͷ˿ţүү佫ôֱ˴ʦ佫ҲҪʦ
۾˿˿ʹ
ŵͻ侲һһ˵үүҪơ
İɣˡ˵꣬˵ģȻܽ佫еһΣеڶΣүүһγΪ佫
үү˵ģϲʵǽܲǰΪ
Ȼġϵͷ˵Ͼתƻ˵ζĻ£ôģ
ζˣҲùҧгݡ
϶Ѿˣ˵ھ飡
Ҫ£ңΪһûӵˣ仰ҲǼΪοֵֻǾʹӦԽԽãҪúĥǸˣڶ
⻰ûһ֣ǸЦݡ
ʮԶĵطһӰ˾ͬĶ䣬ϸЦݣϢ뿪ˣһƫƧĵطƤдһ仰ɣжģΡ
д㽫Ƥǽǣκã׼ߣͻ뵽ʲô㽫Ƥóһ仰ƣǽԣǿպ󶨳ɷǷ֮ˡ


112 ζҪ
Ӿڷһйȥˡ
㣬ѾһˣжʮӣҪ߳
ֻҪ߳ȥӥп϶ͻңû֡Ĵ㣬⣬ȥֱ֮סȥһ࣬˵ϻ֪ʦסأ˵ǸӥǷҪԼأҲͲȫ
׼ȥĵط綴
綴ӥп϶вСӰ죬ȴһ
ٻʱ䣬ʣµĲӿ꣬ȥ򣬿ûʲôöϽճ̶׶Ȼֵͷ廨ŵͬʱԪ
ӥСӣһ֮ãӥ뵽ǰЩϴõĽͣ۾̰︡Ĺâ
ͬʱζȴģȻҲܷŭķΧһС¥С¥ͻ˽ƻ˼Σûгɹ
ζԼо״ܲѰȻǰҲΪӷҰ㣬ɴӰζüͷ׳ʲô£
ͻأζĶﴫ˵ΪС׼ϲ
꣬С㣬ôСˣֲǲ֪СͶүðſǧܰϢ͸¶С֪
⼸仰ζֱоԴһըˣԭˣԭˣúݵġ
ţζ˵˵Ҳǣ룬ҪǽүүĻС϶Ỷϲòˡ
ô֪
ûƽʱСүжãүԪ¯͸Сء
ˣ˵ˣǿȥɡۣҪ
ζٶȻصڴϣñӽӣͷɵýԺﻹ򡰽үүǾ仰ըš
ӣҪǻɴӣһܾ𣿡ζҲԼʱ飻һĻ棬һĻĻԺ
˰죬ζóһۣǴӣҲܾģ;ԲС
ҲԴУһҪӳȥζţô˼ţôӣӳҲôӳȥġ
ҪдӵĻ뵽ζʱ˵һ仰ڣͲܶζһë
ζжһ⣬ʱһҪŴһܣڣôܴӳȥ
Ůæµţζʾ֭Ű취һֱ̫йңϦ£ζûõİ취ŭشһ¡
˻صС㣬ʲôԸ
ҪȥһߣҶˡ
С㣬Žˡ
ţʲôţѵҹζ˳ֽԱߵװƷ˵ϣæʰҲ˽ζͻؼҪǵӣҾӳȥˡ
һ뵽⣬ζһ̫үүűεܹıģΣֻı䲻ϢУεҩãֻһʱޣһʱͻɱģ
ǣѾˣЩˣӳˡ
ζϸЦݣڰɣˣҾж
ǣζִСħŮƢԣ¸˳ȥ
һΣʱ͹൱ζоÿһÿһ룬Ǽ尾ò׵ҹζ£
С㣬ʲô£
ŮζǽæƿţζԪľ±ػ˹ȥ
ζЦݣϵϣñӹýֽƵ²̷±εһζµģȻζ»װƽʱ·ģ˼󣬱ȥ
һ̣ζ̶̼ӵʱ䡣
Ҫ⣬ζִһ䣬£ȥŪЩȻζѹǣС㡣
һԱ֮ζ˳ȥѧƽʱ·ģ߶ţүҪҰ뿪ҪȻҾˣ޸ġ


113 СС
һ·ϣζȻȴǷǳ˳˳
ЩζҪԸϳµףȴûзֱϢζġ
ǣһУζ˵Ҫ
Ҫǣζ˳߳ǸȦӡ
ȥҴӡζţӦڲֻǲ֪ڵڼ㣬ôȥأ
ζЩһűεֻһʱҪǹʱûӳȥͲˣҪȥС¥ˣǾͻ鷳ǿɶϵƸѳˣҪȻ
ôȥ󡣡ֶܵü죬Ԫš
ֻʮӣζ㱼ϵ˲ΧʱϣѾǺΣҲ
ǣǵˣζû뵽õİ취ôζԽˡ
ͻأһԱ𣬡ⲻ¹𣿡
ζתͷȥʶ˵ˣ֪ΪܵͣͻؼСƹӣܽƹӽгһ𣿡
ΪЧζصزõЦЦ
˿Цݣʱһ£ζŮòǲһЦҲ˸סˣܿ죬˻عæ˵¹ԵƬ̣ʦڵһ㣬ȥϢ
лл
ζ˷ɱȥǿʯͷ˵ء
ʱڿһŹľԪľһ仰ô˵ģľߣɸտᣬʱɽϺʱβܲ壬Сݡ
ôһʦ塣
£϶Լı֣ǵĳƺҲϰˣͬʱҲôֿôֿؽ˱ֵԭ֮⣬Ҫʵûʵ˭Ҳ
Сߵ¹˵Ƿ˴С֮㴫һϢ¹档
ллҪ߳ȥĲӣ˳ָǰˣ˵Ȿá
󣬳˳ȥ¶ϲɫĥ𡶲ľģպþľԪ
˲⣬ϿǸӰǰһҪһ¹ζȴϲ˵ӣߡ
ǣϾǰйϤζòȴʮֵİ
ζµòǰ˵ӣζҳ˱εԭߡ
ȥ
½Ů
ٵЩӣͿ뿪𣿡
ӣûʱˣҵҪҼ޸ģԣǱӳȥζ˵ţȴ뵽ǸӥУӥпںڰﻢأҪǾôߣֻ½ڣܾˣҪȻζϣҪˡ
ϲζϳĬˢرñ˱ӣ㲻Ը𣿡
ûȳϻشζЩ˵˵ֻҪҲԸ޸ģͲñ˶ң˵Ҫȥ½ģ㻹˵ҪҿܶܶԵģˣȴҡ
˵˵ţζˮ۽ǣ˳
ζûв㣬ֻǡ
ֻʲôֻүүĵӣǱĵӣ̫үүأ᲻뿪᲻Щ᲻ôĺôζģ˵ټ죬ƣҿˣԼңҪұץˣҾɱ
ֶ˵ü˵ߣ
æǰץסֱۣζȵſңҲʶ㡣
ζˣҪߣ߾ǡ
ģЦָζϡ
ϵͷζұ˶أ
˭
һӥǣǻǴϵˣ
мζʳ˴𰸣Ҫ֣Ҫɱ㣿
Ľ
ζɫӣô죿Ȼȴ򲻹м㣬ֻҪһߣ϶ͻڰ·϶֣ʱ
ţζң˵ӣ˰ɣ㻹ǻصɣֻҪڲͲҶ֣һӣӳȥҾʯ٣
ζһľȻ֮ɫϺζ˵ﾹЩ΢΢ʹ˵ζһӳȥ
Уӣ㲻ΪҶ
а취һɱҡ

Ͻյζ˵ȥ綴ңʱ˵ļƻζѣһΪ˵Ļȴ˵˵ġ
𣿡
ҡϰο


114 յ綴
ϻص˲˽ľ׼
ڼ䡶ľʱӥ۾ɻ󣬡ղǸСħŮߵ£е㲻ԾƵġ
ȻʣӥҲûйȥĥҪǽǸ˵ͷȥүһڶȻٻȡƷ
ӥҪĽƷҪ㡣
ƷǷƽʱϻһܹ쵽ΪҪرĹףܹȥʲôԵһһε˱ԣٱ罻ıԣܹȡúõĳɼǣҪңҪɣ⣬Ͳˡ
֮һҪɱϣйߣնݳԼº֮⣬ҪǣѾϰеϰԣ֮Ϊʣ
ڣü佫ЧҲã
ҪʣֱӣЧİ취ó
ԣϻ˵ڶ
һӣϽľȫٽݸˣЦúܺã
һģллʦ塣۾ȫϵĹâ
ӺĽؿˣͬʱҲڲ²ţʦȥ𣿡
ӦǰɣãҪҲȥ㣬ҵһôܿҾͽӳʦͻƵ佫ľ磡
ΰ㣡
ţĽţʼţȴ֪ϼһɱ
ȥӥһϲ߳ˣΣҿ㻹ӡӥȻ֪ѾزͼΪһ֪أ
߳ȥʱ򣬵İһҪеĹż£Ȼȥɾڰ߷¹żӵʱҳһ£硱ֳڰ
ʱż۾˼
ʱѾһξ룬ȻԶȻҹɲǰ컹ҹ·ˣǲ١
ӥҲûѣԶԶ׺ţӥмƫƧȥҲû߳ԽƫƧӥ˵Խ
˺һȥ綴һ·ңϲһһߣþȫԾǰ
ӥмȥ綴ҲɻѣСȥ綴ʲôӥи꣬ͿԾһĸ߶ȣȻҪϲ١
صһӦ
ӥϸĹڳϵ棬гϻڿ似˵뵽⣬ӥǵЦ͸ˣԽ죬þԽ죬綴֮ء
ӥѾˣҪɱԴٽӴ綴Ķڶȥ棬һԨжû֪ңԨ֣֪β硣
꣬ҲоһԨûʲô֣˲ȥЩˣһǿߣȫԨˣɲա
֮ô죬ǵӥа·סڰ·꣬ϸҿ϶ɣţȴûŵܽмɱǰ㣻ĻᣬĻᣬ綴УȻᣬ󣬵һᡣ
Ҫ綴ǸöãĻᣬͽϺܶ࣡Ͽ綴ǰĬĬš
綴күүأںүүȴǸС硱ֻƬס綴˿ء
綴ֱĲ㡣
ӥҲΣҡڵشӰ˳ϵĲ綴Щɻ󣬡Ĳ㣿СʲôɱȻˣҾͳȫ㡣
ӥпЦĲȥ
һ㣬ǸȽٵĶζһж˫ֽţүһҪӴӣӲҪǴˣҽһӶԭԼ
ζЦŶȤһ䣬ҾҪ죬ôᱣң
ϲ֪֪ǣӥˡ
ʱڵĲ㣬ҷնĶ
ӥڶڴ
ϻЦ˵ͦ
֪ӥ΢
Ȼ֪֪Ļô綴أ
ӥмԼСЩǵ磬ȴһ壬ٴ΢΢ԣ־ȣѹ˵綴ô˵֪Ҫɱˣ
Ҹ֪Ҫɱ֮ǰɱ㡣
ӥһ֮󣬴Цƾ㣬ƣʵ̫ˣΪЩ磿Ϊһɱһ佫ǲֵ
ԣ


115 ս
ԡ
ϵ仰ƣǾܵؽӥмŭӥԽŭĻҲԽ
ͬʱҲڰѹ
Ȼӥ⻰һس鶯Сӣֻһ佫ʸ𣿸ȥɣ
ӥеȷŭˣǣҲ͸ˡ
ϲǵһνӴǰϣ۷ʦֻϴûкս
ӥʦдϣȻҲǽԪ
мӥУӶڣɱϸǰֻһ˲֮䣬һ̣ŭеӥбܣֱĴ磬ȫƿˡ
ɱУһ
ûˣȻӭǽɫУ
䣡
һ֮£ϳûըֱˣѪѪȻǡķɣǱӥеɱˣǿߣȻǿ󡣡
ףӥ俴ϵϣʵսССؾһֲôԭôһ֡ǣȲ죬ɣ
Ҫҵ׼øۣ
һ㣬ٴѹǰһΣûʹȫΪľҪӥеģһΣϽеȫѹ·ٴ飬ϣǳǳĺۼ
ӥһԪֿϮ΢˵ǿȴ˵СӣûãóǰƽҺÿ㾿Ŷı¡
ûᣬץÿһ˲䣬ѹתֱۿʼܿƵͣѪҺͬϪӿӥҲоԾǣԸΪĿֻ佫
佫мžԵģԽĲ졣
ԣӥвûдϳϣҲ뿴˵Ǳĵӣʵ
ҪȻôɱһţһ̫ûгɾ͸ˣϣٸһ㾪ϲ
Ը
֮ʱϾѾԾضһڵֱӥУһεġһΣٴ屶çɽ߲㣬óܵķɲˣѪʼӿ
һ£ǿرˣ
Χ磬ըûҲ
ӥɫͻ䣬һ佫Ȼʩչ˴似ֱԱըķʽӥй޿ɹֻܷһӣسӥӥ趯ˮйͨǣȻӿ͸룬ӥУѪӿ
úúãȻˣԺԺˣҽá
ӥûм˵ȥΪϵĹֵ
ʩչ˿ûгͣͽؽУؽҫɫԪâȻնȥ
죬ʽ
Сӣޣն
ıӣøӲƽ
ӥΪȫͷţӭؽ
飡
ؽնһңֱֱȥӥҲǼ壬ǹֱӥѪӿѪӲ˻ȥɲóϵ֪ʵ
һмɱһ佫Ȼˣ˻ᣬӥкܷŭջ𣬸ջǣ˺üʮޣȻնȱڡ
СӵؽʲôƷ׵ģӥ۾¶̰֮⡣
˵ɻȥĳϣδͣ£Ĵһιȥҷնڶʽ
һεҷնڶʽעĲǵһĽԪǳڲ׵ĽԪ룬Σʱ̣ϸûȥܲܳɹ룬ľǣҪһҪɹǰ˳ȥ
ǿˣѾ˰ɣӥ۾ֱסؽ⽣Ҫˣޣ

ûᣬһ˽ХڳĿУһɫâӰ
״ӥеüͷǰСӻĸٵؾϲȻȫĹ켣СӾȻһйٽ
ٽβ
һ֮䣬ӥзһΣն
͵似ԣϵ似ԳӥУǣ佫֮侳ȴǽ似ֲġ
Ϊ似˼ҶܹƼ
ʱӥƼӥвϰٵӰֱնȥֻҪնϣôӰҲȫʧȥá
۾һ䣬Ԫģʽٴλֱնޣ


116 ޣϣ
ǿߣֻܽ߾ȫѪƴƴ
ƴһ
ƴɣ
Ԫҷնڶʽպȥ˳ϴԪӥеޣնϺȻնʽ
ǰһ˵Ӱӥûᣬֱɱϡ
ӥеΪУһ˽ֻǹΧ㣬Ӧò̫󣬱ϾǷɢ
ϧӥһʧߡ
ȻûпʽͣҲСֱӹӥеķ·µ˺ۣѪ
ӥŭСӣ̫ˣŭˡ
ûлشľ˷Щϻ棬˵ǱҪ˵ʲôȽԷ˵ʱô˵ô˵
֮ôһ˳ϵıʹȻ⣬ΪҰʷϿһ仰˵ıǣһռžϷ磬Ϊϻ̫࣬ûгûָɵ󷴱ָɵˡ
Ӵ֮󣬳ΪȻ
ʽѾӭӥеŭȥ
һ֮£ϱоӥеĺƴԪɽһѹֱҪѹըףб磬Ҳ˱ñˣ綴еһдڡ
Ҳӥ˺Щ˺ӥлܹܣ۾ζסϣ޷ؽѹ˻ȥԽԽ¡
˴糬˳ܳܵļޣѪңѪ
Ѫǡýؽ֮ϡ
³ѪؽͻȻطˡһ
ʱӥںȵޣ
һǾֱϵĲӶȥϵĶӱסǽ֣ͷѪһغ
ϲӲȥ֮ʱ
޶ˡ
ɵضˣ
һϣҲĪӥⵯȥڵϣһĹ֣ͱڶڶȥ
Ͻؽأһֻ֣ҲѪıѣץڵأ붴ֻһ֮ңʱͣѪȳû˷ѪȫѪؽ֮ϡ
Ѫ뽣壬ؽʱֺ뽣ͨĸоӿ
ղźգǿȻˣӥдӿʼõ似ֻһնһѣԼССо˼˵ȴûвһ㲻ǺصˣҪǸոؽͻȻԼ˵ѾˣţͬʱţվĽԪȻʹЧŵ
ӥУ˵岽ǿֹסΣеķŭȴ಻ޣƷȻСӸնˣСӵؽǺƷף
ӥһʵ֮ϣֻУȴǽܶ似ںһһСǺķüѪ
ûޣʵٽɣ
ӥɱ¶ųϣȵСӣˣܽؽҡԣɱ㣬ȻõؽֻҪ似ҷն似˵ұȫʬ
Ϊһ˵𣿡ЦɱңΪõؽǳ롭

ʱһὫؽӳȥʲôҲõ˵꣬ʵûףҺԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱң
ϵ仰Ȼ˵ƭģװףһԵķϻȴΪʱ䣬һƷԪʯڷƷԪʯԪ
ƷԪʯ̲ŵԪ澪ˣǵˣϻӥе棬ԪȣһԶ
ӥп˳̷ҩҲ˳ŵԪʯûֹݴϸϣСӵľѾˣȻСӵȷһ佫ǿ˺ܶ౶ǣǿȻֻ佫ܺ⣬оԵģΪ㹻ʵ
Сӣƾղűֳǣ᲻֪Ϊʲôɱ㣿ӥеıӣǹˣôõȻһǣ˵㲻ʱ䣬öָһԪ𣿡
ϼĲǹЦҾҪָԪָԪܸ˺
ӥüͷһƤȫֵôҪһָԪҽɱˣ
Сӣ˼ûãӲ㣬Ҫ㣬úõӥе紵ã䡣
ðһָԪǾͿ˭˭Ѿ뵽˴ָĻԪָǿ
Ԫָ䲻ع
綴һ㣬ζȻ


117 ǧ
ӥкţԣɳϻָԪ
ȻޱնϣʵҲ½٣ֻܷӳʱ߳ɵʵǣ߳ʵһм߳ʵԸһ佫㹻ˣ
ϧÿһֻᣬȡƷԪʯ̲صԪָеĵҩȫһԶ̷
ӥе۾ѾųϵľֹνĴ𣿡
ӥеѾһЩȣǾǰСӼȡԪٶȣÿ죡
ӥϵóƷԪʯΪٶҲûСӵٶȿ죬ңСӵٶȻԽԽ죡
ǲҪˣӥ˷ļȡԪľܵס𣿲±壬ܵס
һӹˡ
ӥе΢Ѿ𾪣ֱٵȥС⽫ԪָȥΪôһʱ䣬Ȼȡ˶ʮԪʯ
ƷԪʯ̲صԪжӴӥСӣȻȫڡ
һԪʯ˷ĩԪʯŻӣ
ӣһֲܿ֡
֮ԣȡԪ֮죬ԾأȫܵأԪѹεѹתһ
ʴ˶ľѵġ
ҲΪƷԪʯӴԪŻôرȡɾ
һΣϽеעȫе˳ͨͨϣԣǹ̫ע⣻ɴ˿̣Ҫǻûע⵽ǾǴˡ
ôǴأ
Ϸ𾪣ͬʱϲھҪԪԽԽã
ƷԪʯһһ飬Ӵָϵ
ӥԽԽľ
ʮ˿ԪʯʮţӥвٳɣȵСӣûȤҲûģȥˣͷɣ
ӥжһɲǣϾͽԪָĴָϡ
ԪԪָ棬ӥеĹߣ
Ȼ޶ˣǣӥвûӵǽϳصޣ㿴Ϊһ佫ֵܵģޣ˫ն
ҷնڶʽ
ϺȻӥвٽؽӲرӣҪĽˡ
Ԫ²״ֱؽֵֻܵһʣµȫֱϡ
һУӥеȫһҪһóء
ȻڽԪҪ͸֮ʱϵϣȻһâڳϵϡ
²״ĹâȻȫɢ
Ȼϻ
ԳϣûκӰ죬ʦµĶȻһ㡣
֪ղӥе˫նǶôĿֲǿҲᱻǹ֧顣
ԪָķȻֻ
ܵˣԳ˵ԺԲơ
ӥɵˣʮıɱһȻֻôһЧ˼ֻ
ܣֵס⹥ӥкȻ
ܿ죬ӥбףзӥе۾˳ϵĴָ֮ϣ̰֮⣬â䣬ôһǿķô
Сӣҵľȣʵ̫ˡ
ӥкȻֻ֮ϲ֣ķٺã죬ҲضҪ
һ仰Ҳ𣬽ؽջشָֻһѹת
ӥк޺˵һ仰ʱϵѾѹܳܵļޡ
ǧ
һȣǰֱһȭӥеؿڡ
ÿٶȣǿӥеֱӦ۾ﾪһ¶ӥûˣֱԪߵ㣬ϡ
û뵽ֻɱһ佫ȻóȫСӣҲֵˡ
ڽӴһɲǣӥǧ˼˵ǧ
ʱȭӡ
¡
ӥеֱȥѪӥеһǱǰȫƵᣬʮþȣڸоǧʱӥеһЩɡ
ϵȴҪϲ٣Ԫָ󲿷˹ȫʣµģϴ˺ͺޡ
һֹסӡ
ϳʤ׷߳ѹ
ٱǧٴκȻ
ӥ¶һ˿ţһΣѡӲǶܡ
ΪרעܣϵٶȺܿ죬ȴҲѷһ
ǣϵĵڶȭȻӥд˺
ڶȭ£ȭֻ


118 ׷

ٱ


綴Ͼһֻް㣬˼Ƿܳܵסķɣ
ֻ֪ӥпճͻἫΪ
ԣϲͣʩչ
һȭ£һȭ
ϵֱѾ͵ˣ˵ĸоʱҪըһ㡣
ˣȻڷѹ
ͬʱһֻУڷؼȡԪ
ϸô࣬ȻгЧġ
ӥУƽʱעԪ似оϣһˣҪһԭΪǿǿȣҲǿ
ǿ似ͿԷԶ̹Чһ˭ȥЩֺõ
ҲΪˣ½󲿷ֵߣȥע壬ȥרԪˣ󲿷ֶȥר壡
ȻҲ⣬ǣͺ١
˵ӥдʱ״̬Ǳͣضܡ
ǧӥ˵мܹӵģҲҪһ㹦
ʱ˿̣ӥʮֵĺڣǰûɱǸᣬָԪָ
Ҫǰֱɱﻹ¶
ӥк֣ȴǺް취
УһֻĴڣȻֻЩ̬ϣ֮ǰĽ֣ӥлоԵģɱ
Ѿ̹ϵȴûзϡ
ΪӥкףĴУ佫ʩչ˼Ρ
ϧڣϻһȭһȭʩչ
ӥк벻ףΪʲôʩչ˶Ρ
׷ӥдҲǺңҺýçɽ˵߲㣬ҪȻͲ֪˶ٻء
㲻ӥҲķ֮¡
ʩչô֮󣬳ϻǸоĸɣԽԽ󣬶ֲͣ£һͣ£ӥп϶ͻУֱӽɱ
֮ǰʱָ
ӥǰ׳գӥп϶ǰ׳ա
ԣʹٿ࣬ܲסȻͣʩչ
׷綴ĴӥУҲơ˼㣬ȴһ佫׷ŴҪǴ˳ȥк㣬кĹ
ΪʲôΪʲôԪô㣿ԴԴϣ
ӥоñǣĹųϵĻԪָ󲿷ֵĹЧ
һӥзԪû˼ɶ˺Ԫ
ԭһֻС棬ʱȴһֻ⬣ڹһĴ⬣
ӥеĳͻˣڣ綴УҪĹҪֵϮЩԪҲĵر졣
£ӥҲʼ̷ҩҩָ֮Ԫ
СӣҪ㿳ʮ˿飬Ȼйͷ֮ޡӥдţţֻҪһлᣬ㱬УСӣٽϵķˡ
վϷ磬ȴòУĹͣ£һͣ£Σյ㡣
ӥУóҲûã
ǣԽԽ١
һȭӥһߣһȭ
綴磬ļսǿҵԸӵĵزѾӦĳϣָоϮʹ
һѹһΣѾ֪ǵڼΡ
ͻأϵԺһ⣬ѹԪҲѹԹˣԪҲԹˣǰԼǽԪͨؽ
ȻҲܹͨȭͷʩչ
һԼ̫ô򵥵ĵûס
Ԫ
ѡģȻƵԪ
Ԫͨεһٶ͵ؼӿ첻١
ٶͻر仯ѾӦϽӥУһ
һȭʵʵشӥϡ
ӥײڶϣѪͬʱûЩ磬Ҳ˲˺ۡ
Сӣӡ
ӥûмȥΪϵԪٴɱ
ǰӥȻǱȴûиовڣӥŵôһζ
Сӣɱң㻹ۣҪҷǵҪ
ӥƴƴһȭУ뵽ϵĿֲ˼ӿٶȶ
ûлشԺһΪðյ뷨ԪͬʱתжЧ᲻󣿡


119 
Ԫͬʱת
һֲ뷨
ѹҪǳ롶çɽ߲㣬ӣǹܣʳƬˡ
ڣҪԪѹ
ӣʲô˭Ҳ֪ԼҲ֪
һһڶǵ
ߵ٣ǧ
û֪
ǣ֪ΨһĻᡣ
ȻŲٵԪʯԳһʱԪ䣬ǿӣʩչϰٴε֮ѾƣˣѾӽڼˡ
ֲʱǱҵ˾ͽ١
ϲôߵȥȥص׵ߣҪʦԸǸžӨĹ
ԣҪһѣ
ȥһѣ
ģͻлᡣ
ˣǳϣԹ޻ڣ
ЩͷֻڳϵԺһ
֮󣬳ϽѹͬʱԪҲѹ
ѹһֱۣһڵλá
ɣȴĪϵңӦ
Ԫһѹǹ֡
ΪҲͬʱѹԭ򣬳еƷԪʯԱǰٶš
ϵһδӴָȡƷԪʯѾһ飬ʮһץš
ˣϵָԺ˵ٶȣ¶ĩ
ЩĩƷԪʯԪ֮Ľ֡
һһѣõһһٿƷԪʯգ֮䣬ĵһɶ
ȻŲٵƷԪʯǣƷԪʯʵ̫ˡ
ʤޣƴգԪ
ʱڵѹٶѾ˷ĵز
ܵӥУûپȭﲻһһ̬
켴ӥϳЦݡ
ղţǺôûˣʩչˣǧ𣿡ӥпЦţСӣڵˣǰҶȭҿüţڣҵŭɣ
׼֣ӥб㿴ϽµķĩٿԪʯһһѵԪʯʧ֣ʧٳ֡
Сʲô
ӥ
С̫ڱ̬ȥһҪɱ
ӥ֮ܽǰľѵȻҪǣŵΣյζ
ǺӥкȻ
һȭֱӺϣҵĵһȭ
ȭͷ䵽ǹâһӥеĴ󲿷ֹ
ӥмͷüͷ壬Сӵķ̫ǿҪɱҪķҪƵҪɱǡ
ôһѭ⣬޽⣡
ǣӥд˿̵עǷɱƷϣһֵĲǺȻɫǿֲʵʵڵĿ־塣
һɱһ佫׷Ŵ˵ϻſ־塣
׷ʲô
ֻӥеȭͷڳϵϣҲղ
ǵģղסˡ
ӥо񿴵ħһ㣬ȭͷסҪġ
ҪǣӥԸоڵԪ
ôܣôܣӥһɾСӣʲôôҵԪ
ûлش
ҲȥΪʲôֻ֪ԪǿɱƷԪʯԪÿˣҲˬˡ
ˮһܺȺܶˮΪƣÿֻܺһˮǣһˮʹȣôУ
תٶȿ쵽϶оˣ֮ǰȻ񣬵ǳϻܸоתĹ켣ڣϸоתֹһ㡣
ףתֹˣתٶȣ̫ˣ쵽˸֪ĵز쵽һǾֹģ
ˬУӥ޵ʹ֮С
Ϊӥڷŭ֮£ȭͷϵԴȥ
Ȼ󣬾ǰһĴâһ£ֻȭͷҲȡӥڵԪǼӿٶȣϵӿȥ
ӥһмǿʵ
ǣһԪм
ǿ
꺢Ҳ֪Ǿͺһͨûʲôˡ
Ҳǣӥоԭ
ʱ˿̣ӥеĺڣʵǵ˶壬û뵽һ˼СУΪʲôΪʲôǰûɱΪʲôҸָԪ
ӥʹš
ϻعͷӥУЦˡ


120 
ϵЦݣôº͡
ӥеȴ١
ʼˣ
ת˲֮䣬ڳϵĲ֮¡
˴ﵽ˵ת䣬ӥȴ
ңԶ͵ǰġ
ϻѹӥеԪٲ㣬ϵڣȻֱѹһ֣
ӥѾҡ
ʲô﷭
ʱӥУõڹ͡
ȻӥлȿԶһҧȴңֻȭͷӣôң
ʱԵӥоԲȥ
ô꣬ӥ˵һֻ𣬿Ԫһյ
ȴû˵Ԫܱգ
ӥиоڵԪԽԽ٣Ԫʱ򣬾յ㡣
ѾûЦ⣬ء
ϸоѹѾֲĴڣֲֿ϶
رǣǿ壬ɢʹѾܲסѹ
Ҫըһ㡣
ǣʱ򣬳ϾԲֹͣһֹͣǽ
Ԥϡ
ţǲǿԳûٴͨһ
ϧϻûоҪȻ϶ѡһʵľһһ޶ľûеľ
ͨ
ԼͻأԺһҪɡçɽڰ˲͵ھŲľͼֳ
ôϸ޴ѡ
ŵڰ˲ľͼţ˼š
һұһԪмһϣҲյдммٺϱһбߵһϱϾ
ţͷȻһ⡣
ҳĺԪҵԪʼо㣬ԪĽ㣻ͿԣֱӴһʼ㵽㣬Ҳɡçɽڰ˲𣿡
ͷһ֣ϾҲ֮ȥԽԽпܡ
ͺñҪ޳ǵɣǺֹϰ·Եֱǧ
ǣֱӵһ·ǴӿУֱ߷Уɵɡ
Լܶȥ£ʲôħްʳסе۵ȵȡ
ȻҪôһ·ȵʵûɰɣ
ϴ˿̵ˡ
취Ǳ뵽ҲǾ
ɳϲһûоҪʲôľȫԼ
˵ľԼ
ңٿƷԪʯôƷԪʯӥеӴԪѾһɡģһ
˼еĳϣȫȻûע⵽綴磬¡
Ǻͳѹ״һΣ
磬ԳΪġ
ƺҲǳһ
ڣڲϵعν磬ÿһ磬顣
ӥԪɢѾֵסĹǱˣٿγӣо̲ŵһֲֿܣ԰׵ɫӰˣûһ˿˿Ѫɫ
СӣʲôСӣʲôſңſҡӥдҿɲ㣬Ҳ鷳ҽвУĻʲôҾʲôɱ˭Ҿɱ˭ɱҲüͷ
ӥⷬ˵˳֪Ŀ־壬ôһز
ӥеľŴŴǸͻлع
һ㿴ת硣
ǵģǿǸо
籾εģȴƫƫˣ̲ŵĿ
ϵɫҲǴͻ䡣
ô¶ԼҲס
ףתȥпܾͻᱻ˺ɷ顣
ϻͷһӥУоԪӦñԼʮ֮˾ˣʣµôһԪϾãƾڵʵɱӦò⡣
Ҫǣܹ
ֻҪһֳȻӥһغ
ԣ׼ֹͣѹԪתͣȽҪһ㡣
ǣľ飬һγˡ
ѾֹͣԪѹǸתȻڼڸټܳϵĿơ
⡭
ϸоȫʧˡ
УŴ磬ԽԽ࣬תȻѾתת
ȻԳΪĵ㡣
ֲѵӥУͻȻЦСӣҲŹ㣬Ҳ汳
ӥеݣ㡣
ʲôĿ⣬Ƶâ
ӥпЦԱ


121 ڶ
Ա
һóϵȻ󲨡
ԺʮɽһĻϹܿǼѾ˾綾ԺȻԱŵϣش˺
ǼΪҲ佫
ǰӥУǿмԱж
ϲ壬ֵܹסԱǣçɽѾڰ˲㣬⡣
ˣӥпЦš
Ц
СӣҲµʱ򣬹
УתٶȣԽԽ죬ӥеƤ⣬ѾһȦһȦ
ϵ壬ҲѪ۳֡
ϾƴһѣľڳԺ
˫ٶȴﵽ塣
ʱ
ϽѹԪ׼ҵǸطҪһͨ
ԪʯӥеԪȻƥعȥ
ʱֹͣ
ͬʱϽֱ۶׼ӥУҪԱ֮ǰɱԶԼ
ͷһ
ӥҲϵĲԾҪȣԱ
ֹͣһ˲䣬ӥеֻ֣˳ϵӡ
ңУȻֹͣҲͻ
ӥһɫҲޣ֪£ɣҪСᡣ
Ա
ӥкȳֵʱ򣬳ǾԳǧȭͷӥϡ
顣
ӥб˳ȥǹҵ磬ӥаΧŽɱ
ţӥԱˡ
䣡
綴ӥеԱ£Щ磬Ҳѡ
һȭ֮ʱϾȥ
ӥеԱƻ״Ҳ磬Գϵ˺ȴ
ϵעҲûЩ棬ȫŵڶͨ
ҪΪеԪΪڶͨ񣬾ͿԷֳԪԪָķ罫һӰ춼û
ŵһľ飬γϵõöˣ滹Сçɽ߲ԭ򣬳ϲûεʹš
ǹѹԪøˣһǰƲɵ
ֱᱩƣڳڣһͨ
˿̣Ψһĸоǣʹ
ֻ̣ǻ˼ʱ䣬ڶڳγɡ
ҪγɵһɲǣϸоԼҪʹûȥ
ǿ־̼ԼҪ¡
ҪǵˣζĳӼƻ϶衣
ң綴ȫҲòϡ
ͦһ˲䣬оϢĳϣڴڵغſ
ɫȻǲ԰ޱȣ棬ȴȫϲá
ȻѾ˵һǰڶĳ֣Ҳóϼ֡
óϼǣܻԡçɽڰ˲ľһͨϰһŸϾ͸оڵѪ⡢ÿһϸ֯ȵȣȫһ̵ס
رǣڻӿһӴԺʩչʱ
֪çɽڰ˲㣬ˡ
ϵɫɰױ죬ѪɫҲԽԽࡣ
վ綴ѾҲӥеκκۼԱķĩҲߣõǡ
п֣Ȼɱһм
ǰҲβ顣
ڣȴǻ
ȻҲһսܻźܶ⡣
ȣ綴ӥд˺ܶĲ㡣
Σӥ̫̫ŹͷָԪĻ᣻ҪǻӥгûɱܳƴҲһлԪĴָҲɣΪû㹻Ԫȥ֧֡
ؽǿ˳ϵѪ֮󣬼Ȼնˣӥʵ
ģԪָЧá
壬Ԫͬʱѹ䣡

ЩɣһԼ۵ʲôˣ¾һʿҪʨӲõ̬Ƚɱ˵һܸᣬ˵ʲôϻɱ˵ҪȻӥеĽԺϵĽ֡
ϿŴӿڵϵǴָԥؼӥָûӥеӡǣ̽Ԫö٣еҩƷԪʯȵȡ
ȻЩ֮ϵȻҪΪУʧҲܴ󣬸պӥֲ
ӥҪɱϣҪϵı֪ȴһۼޣıҲȫϽա
ͣϳ嵽һ㣬ζߡ
ζǿߡ
ζˣ²̣˵ӣҪȵ죬˺ߡ
ʱ߲ˣİɣû¶Ҳζ˵ȥץ֣ɽȥ
˿̣ζǸж


122 
ζҹɫڻҪɵطΧ
ʼգϴΪԼһΰˣֻԶΪжг𱨳˵ĻҪȥ˶ѡ
Ϊζ˽ؽؽǾûؽӥСѾȡͷ
һ
ԣôصˣѡζӣ
һ·˺٣൱˳ΰѽʣһűγԵγһͨͨɵӣ׼õ·ϡ
Ҫ߳ɣֻܴųȥΪҲлɽģҪǴ˴Ҳָӳȥɽ󣬾ΪСζҲǸ㲻
ˣֻߴš
Ϊѻȥζȴͻ뵽һƣʸơ
Ҳƾƣ˳ɹӳɡ
ζ˵ˣȴַ졣
žӥбɻҽʱ϶ŮķʱûзŮѾˣֻ֣Ůôˡ
϶£ҲֻССɻûϸȥ̽ζķ˼ζȴû˴Ӧ
϶ǸЦΪŮںվһԣóص˵ζ֪㲻޸Ҳ֪ǸкøУǣζʵǱƲѣɰٷʮԴ˵Ҳһλϡ
˵϶̾һ˵ʧȥңɵʵΪ˭ΪЩ꣬ޣ˭֪޵ı󣬸˶ٵļаŵΣҪ׳󣬴ʱ˿ֻ̣ܽ£Ҳֻ㣬ȥ޸ɵĹϵ
ǸƣǱȷܲǣˣҿ͸̫үүҲ͸ȻǱһ˵ǱζΣգһ𣬾Բȫ
Ҫֵ͹ְɣѾѡӣ֮飡
϶˵˺ܶ࣬ȴûŮһ䷴֮£϶ɫ䣬Ϊû
һʱ䣬϶ƿӣһ·ȷŮ·һ϶࣬¡
£Ůζ
˲䣬϶ִ֪ˣ֪Ů϶ǵõϢȻˡ
ˣ϶ˣȻ֪ζˣʲôĺʱҿ϶ɷ
дŵ϶С¥ˣһһʻ
϶֪ǿ߳ȥȴûпС߳ȥң߳Ȧˣ¡
϶˼⣬˽ϽҹңҪζץ
ţ϶¶˵һ˵
˵һʱζűε
϶⻰Դֱðǣȴ˵ʲôֻüӴȥ飬ʶ϶˵עңûҵζ쳣ٶͽĨɱ
ûңɵʵ
ȥĻ󣬻罫ǻ
϶Ҳף¡
Ȼ϶ڰﶯǶֵô󣬴ϻ֪ζܵϢϢȴЦˣһأҿǣôһ
ȴ֣ţļˣȻˣһץ㣬
֮ʵүүǸֵԴôû͹
ԣ۾һ䣬۾һûϢܰѵûе֣ôûأѵһм֣ɱ
뵽⣬΢΢غ⡣
ͻأϸоԪȵ˭
û˻شȴһֽӰеǰ
ֽɫ粻
Ӱֽ͵֮ϵǽǣдһλζӣҰиƣҪɱƵм֪Ҳ֪ȥ򣬻Ǳɱ
д֮˽ֽغãҲЩ㶣벻ףӵôǿʵǱҪս֯
סʵүүдʲô
㲻ùܣϽûָΪ
ָ֣ﾫһ
ϣȴֽţĹСҪô𣿡


123 Ҫȥ
飡
϶ݺһȭӣñʯҪӲɼľɵӣһӡ
ɴ˿ɼ϶ķŭ
϶ܷŭΪղŵõϢ
һϢԼʱǰһµĹҹƣƾʧ϶Ȼ֪Ǹ£Ůζ
ڶϢڴʱǰƳʾϼƣ߳ɡ
϶ԹҪ̫ʦζűεҪ̫ʦƣôӵóȥ
ԹԹ϶ҲֻܷҪǣҪһһŮǣ浽ңһǱĵӣ¶
϶ţʮ߼佫׷ȥؾ콫С
ǣţͬӥһм
϶ԶȥıӰüͷΪڳôҽͣ˵ôʰң
ͬһʱ䣬еĺүүǸڡ硱飬΢΢һ̾Ϣ˵ģûܸ󣬷ɻ󣬸ء
֪СӣûУүүһͬʱɢ֪
أүүüͷһ£ûиоϵϢղ̫רˣȻСߣûв
˵仰үүɫ䣬Ϊ뵽Сг𣬶ɶ꣬СɻиڰбǱǳĵӣߣϻƾûˣϾ˭Ҫɱƣ
ȻڣķΧ
Ӱһүү棬պܲüͷҪƳʲô£ϻƲԭԼҲԭԼһֱүүоܹν硱
ٶȣүү˴ҵ϶Ȼ֪ʲô£϶˵꣬үүѾƮɽ׷˳ȥ
ɺЩ飬϶ζܻм֣ζǳϣԲϵүүҲ׷˳
˵ζڿûʱȥôܹ࣬޸ģܹӳɣѾĵòˣһ·ϣֻС˵ͣ
ζи⡣
ζɻü䣬ŵģӣ˵
Ǹô¶
ζһӣˣʵôأһΪҪһأ
ġ
ζָ̫үүƣɲɳûء
ϵüͷôҪһƣôң
ζҡҡͷҲ̫үү˳ָۣˣ̫үү㷽㣬Ǳɣõǣ̫үүûϵҰճˡ
˵ζЦͻأζһҪ£ʵӣɱǸˣζ𾪣гݣӾȻɱһмǴӵж
ң˺ܴæ
ңӣ˵˵¡
룬㽫ս̣赭д˵һ飬ܶҪĵطʡԹȥζҲľ˵ӥԱʱζסز
ս̽ˣζȴûлع
֮ζŸ̫̾үү˵ûӣһ

ϵģζЦӣ˵ȥ
һڡ
ζʮ־ȣɫһڣǲǡ
ұҪȥϵܼᶨ
ȥμӽ᣿
ϵ˵ͷȻ˵ȥһڵĿġ
ӣѵôҪζЩ䣬ӳɲȥᡣ
бȥɡ
ʲôɣ
ϳĬζ죬˵ðɣӣȥһڣǣ·߱ҵġ
죬û˵ζֵұ֤ڽῪʼ֮ǰϵ
á
ҮζţŸ˲ѵζϵ΢ɫҲЦݡ
ζųϵֱۣҡ˵ӣһ˵ĵطҪŮ
ζɣǺԶ׷ǣܿ׷ϡϷ˵Ļֻܱץȥˡ
ζɫȻ֪˵Ķʵӣ˵Ǹô죿


124 
ζǵ飬Ц˵ģɽСȳܷķΧǾͿȥˡ
ͿŮˣ
ϵͷ
ӣ̫ˡζЦݣӣʵζ֪·𣿡
ǵһ߳ɣô֪ߣζ죬ӣҲ֪
Ҹǵһ̡ϿЦ
Դˣζһ㶼ģЦţӣĸ˵ĸ򣿡
ȳϻشζӵϼһӣһͷ˵ӣˣǽȥأмһͷָĸǾǸߣô
ðɡҲ·գ벻õİ취Ȼͬ
ζӵݸϣӣӡ
Ӱɣǰ㲻˵·𣿡
ζٺһЦӣҿɲɵ˭׶һ
Ҳӹ֦ζȴһ䣬ҪǲܰʱϵһڲμӽᣬɲܹңΪǹ׵ġ
Ҫӹӵʱζһ䣬ʹһӡ
ǣ˻þʹһӡ
֦ɵУ̧ͷǹѾɵʮ׵ĵطˣȴϷɣϷɣֱԽԽߣԽԽС
ӣ˶ľζ
ЩΣȫ˳ˣһɡçɽڰ˲֮Ƿͬ죬ûöľ
ûöľܷôߣҪȫǹӻûˣζգҲ֪ʲôʱ
Ӧû˶೤ʱɡҲûеס
ζ˵ϣӣ£ȡûȴա
ӣǹӲֳڳϵֱǹߵġ
ζҲӵϱ濴ţǾĸȥ
ۡ
ڵϣһζȴɵۡ
ΪǹӣպǼͷָķ򣬲Ƕֱֱ¡
£ôߣζЦ
ϿЦãӣȥһأʹֻôһӣӺܿͷָ
ӣߣ㡣
Ӧһζץס֣׼üٶȣȥ
ڳζ뿪ʱŴŶʮӣ׹ӵĵطһǰʵʦ֣ĸ׷
СϲֵĵطȥԽ֮أܻϡ٣̫ϷǴķΧ׷ȥ⣬;ѰҴС㡣
ǡ
Ų֪ǵĴС㣬ѡķǿѡģǿһӣԣһȺ׷ȥһȫ෴·
Ժ󲻾ãүүҲطͷŸ֪ȴʱͦãûЧǿ纫үүһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ĸȥ
Ȼ󣬺үүǸӣ۾һ
ˣרѰƫƧС·ɽСߣζ߹ô·ȻмʦϾŮң񱼺üʱζѾ۵òˡ
ϣȴǽɣĲ
ӣͣϢϢɣʵ߲ˡζ˵
˵ǻøϿһ㣬ҪǱ׷ˣֻбץȥ
ζҪץȥ
ǣûϰʱζʵûˣȴû˵ȻǰϣϿ˵ζҪұ㡣
ӣ㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷıۣԶء
Ǻãӣ㱳ҡ
϶ڵϣζſڳϱϣһܵؽӴζϣůů㺣ӿͷ
ʱζϵٶȣûһ½ܵǰ죬ʵӣ𣿡
˵ǣǰɡϲϼƽϡ
⻰ҰǣӣҶˣ㿾ļ⡣
ܿ˿˵ɫҸطϢһ£㿾⣬ھȳŵҩɡ
ζȡĵҩһţָԼһţָĴʱζĴѣĪ˷ܲѡ
ҹˣϲٸ·ζӱϷ˵ңȥҰ
ҲŲҪһɭɭģÿֲӣҪһȥ
Ҳýζһ˶ɽﲻã˵ãҪ󡣡
ζϸ˽ģ
ǣɽȥ


125 
ץҰ׽Ұã׷èζǲֺ
ûиڳϵȻɵɽҲŲٵҰáҰȶǣ棬ǿȫһ
ǳϸζһץֻҰһץֻҰá
ʳܴЩͲ죬ŵҩԵҲȽ٣ǴûСĽ䱸ţζܣɺζЩˣˡ
ӣú棬ҴûôĹץֻɡζԴ󷢣ӣ֪㵣Σգ㿴ôʱ䣬һ·ҲֻһЩС߶ûп˵ЩħˣԸΣա
˵꣬ζַɿǰ׷ȥֻøϡ
ոֻܵİôͻһ¾Ͳˣ֡ζɻ˵оͷ죬̧ͷһֻһȭͷߣֱϮ
ζ·ϲһȣߣȻң֪Сնһʽ
ǰΪζƵ𽣣ɫâֱǴߵͷնɵһߣζûзŹȥɫâҫ߶ʱҷ
ߣζתͷһЦݣ޺޵ӣЦʲô
ɱߵƺܺÿŮ緶ЦŶȤһ䡣
ģ
ȻġϿ϶ֵζҵˮЩˣҸ⡣
á
˱ȥѰˮԴԼһʱ֮󣬲ҵһϪ
ؽ֣ˢˢˢҰñƤƤǹǣ⣬ζֱۣӣղõʲô似
뵽˺ʦ˵룡
룿Ѫȵ֡ζͷųϻӽӰ⣬ﲻһ䣬ÿᣡ
ζҪȥϴһϪߣȴˮ㣬ʱȤ㱻𽣳һɱһ㣬̶ʱ䣬ζɱ˼ʮ㣬תͷųϣӣǲǺ
ǿЦҪʦ֪ƵƷɱ㣬֪θ룿ϿϵؽЦŵƺҲࡣ
ϴϣһŻ𣬿ʼˡ
һ߿ţǰӣǰҪľȡôţôţֻҪԪ㡣
ζ׽㣬˳ߣרעĳϣ˵һ䣬ӣá
һ㶣ЦЦźõϣõӵݸ
ζһŮˣʳȴ൱󣬼ϿһֻζͳһֻԵֻʱζһֻȣݵ˳ǰӣԡ
Ͽһۣҧһڣζǻϲ͸ϳԡ
ͻأ񣬻ͷζҲת󣬴ܡ
ʲôϿǰֻ׸ߵħޣԺһ飬ûйܵļ䡣
ħޣ

ζ˵ųϵ֣˵ӣǿߣܣǿɲǶ֣Ͻܡ
ϱܹУոɵġçɽڰ˲㣬ʲôܲϤһ˵ζҲ͸ζǰȥ
һܣζţôܣʲôɭ֣
ϻͷһֻܲûиߵϿõǰץֻԿ˵⣬Ұһ࣬ȴȫȻˡ
̧֮ͷųȥķ򣬴׷
ζľæʵζ˵˵ô¶
ģҲֻ֪֪ɱһֻܣǣȴźɱġζϽ˵
⣬ûж룬ֱӽζڻУǰܡ
Ϻ֪֮ɱȻĶ֡
ٶȺܿ죬Ҳһ£󷢳𣬿׷һߣֻƻĴ裬;ĴһģֱӾ͸Ķϡ
ζڳϻϸΣ۵飬˵ܵƤ⣬ʯҪӲħޣر󡭡
ж󣿡
֪
жƣܾ壬ǼӲĻһƴ֮ؽ˺ѲƤܰɡ
ӣ죬ܿ㣬׷ˡζ߽ţ˫ֱ߻˳ϵĲӣûеǻңǣŽЦ


126 
𡭡
ܷڱķŭǰǸˣȻܵô죬׷ϣ˵ٶȣһƶûС
УѾʧ˷򣬲֪ܵûᣬֻ뽫Լܵľ룬ø󣬱߿񱼱ʵζ֪һϽɫ𣿡
ʱζСȴ̰ųǹɶеζϵʻɺһϽ˵Ͻɫܣж󣿡
˺Ҫ󡣡
ʲôζɫ䣬ӣȷϽɫ𣿡
ȷ
ֻϽܣ϶мǧˡ
ͷܱȣ˭
ȻǧϽܣǧϽܿǾżħޣֻҪֻܣֻбԵķݡҪǧϽܲ綾ֻ޲Ļʤ߿϶ܡζüͷƣ̫үү˵ʮɽǧϽܡӣô⣬ǧϽܡ
һգֻǧϽܣǿȡʤܱȣζʻ룬ش
ȥʮɽˣ

ӣĺȥʮɽǧϽܻܻ
ܵÿ죬û׷ҡ
ζ⻰ֱӹ˵ڴ˵ǧϽܵҺֱͿĨǿȥ̵Чϵİֻ̺ۣҪҺĨϣ֤һ˺۶ûУأҾã㻹Щ̺ۣܺÿ
ʱŮ˹ĵģա
λ˵ţҪǽҺҩഺפһֻ꣬꣬Ҫ˲ԶǷഺפʱӣӣȽ֮ȥʮɽɡ
СԺһ۵Ļ棬ôޣǧܶǾżħޣ棬϶󲿷ֶǾżħޣи߼ħޣܹ֮ӳȫΪЩ޽עѪѪϣﻹӵó
Ҫǣȥʮɽ͵þǳеһʹ
ӡζƸо˳ϵ仯ܱ˦ԽԽԶζϼ䣬ȴǰ΢Ļ⣬ζæеӣұܣǴܡ
ת⴦ȥ
Ҳˣֻһ׷
ԼʮӣϱζǶѻ⣬֮ңȴ޺Űζæǰ϶ħޣãȺħһܡ
֮䣬˱Ƕѻ⴦ֻм䣬վжŹԱߵ˵ʬ壬ħʬ壬ΧȻǧֻһҰޡ
ζǣħޡ
ϸͨҲûʲôֻͷ϶ֻǣġ
ǰܣ˶ĻǣǧֻζЩڣûϵĻ
ǧֻǰΧˣϣæ
ԽˣζвͬһѵǵԽ˵ĵ̣
ǣл
ȴûͣ½Ų滹ܣȥǣǧֻǰΧƣɶ˵Σζ˵ҲҪˡ
ԣ׼񱼶
ϧϲȥǣȺȴǲŹˣֻһء֮󣬽ζΧ
˼ҲǰΧСһһ˿϶ΪǷֳȻӻǵİΧȦӳȥϣǺСܹһ㡣
ϣǵʵмǸˣ
䣬һ޺ӳϹķ򴫳ͬʱһͷ󾪣ܣ
©ƫҹ꣬а
˵ɫѾһƬ԰ףΪ˾ȱ˭֪ȱܣ
˵ǰǻôһ΢ϣܴӻǵİΧѣڣڿܵһ̣Ǿˣ
ζҡϽζ˵ûһҡ
ӣԲ̫ˡ
ЦЦζһᱣġ
ڳǰһ׵ĵطͣ˽Ų۾صųϣڱŭ⣬ȴûǰȺǣܵĺУҲȫͣס˹ſ־塭
ˣܣζ˵꣬һءɽּ䣬Щ˷˹ͬʱҲϷ˹
ؽһ⣬˳С


127 ɱ
ǹؽ裡
ҷնڶʽʺȺսս
һ˽ӳϮϰֻǣţ
һʽûʹκԪȫƾؽķǿ
һԻȻûйǰȴҵģʱ̷š
֡꿴ųϣ˵һһҫŻ⣬ʮͷֹֻͣ˼ǰǣֻȴըըΧʮֻǡ
ֻĳɹܴ󣬵ȴûе֮⣬һҷն似̫Զˣңɱļʮֻǣǧֻ˵̫ˣԺԲơ
ؼǣļˡ
һѾǰˣ껤䵶Ž⣬һһŵͷȻǰͺ̣
һߣϸսΧĻɱ꣬һȺȺǲһֱԾɱҧǣǿŻ档
ӣЩħޣСĵ㣬Ⱥǵ죬ŪĽħޣ˵׵ġζЩңҲ˳
Ľʲô𣿡
Ʒ׸ߣٶȸ죬Ƥצ
׻ǵĻܱȹ𣿡
һ£൱𡣡
ƤأȵϷ𣿡
Ȳϡ
Ͻ꣬ǸһĨЦǾԼ
δ䣬Щ棬Ѿµ˵Ͽգ֣Ҫϡ
ԪָһĴָϣâӹζסЩһ˺ûС
ζϲȻʹ˱ܻ£ϽﻹǺøжû˵ʲôȴǽ𽣣ӵøˡ
ǵĻ̫ˣ
һȣԪӿٳ
ʱΧ˵һȺǣȫΪҽ
һĻŵñĻǣȫֵͣؿˡ
ԶǻԲۣ˸һ¡
УϴϲҲһ佫ǽоˡ
˵ţԪ͸һֻһֻĻǡ
ϽζбؽǰĻȥһȺǣȻ˳һ
ء
Ҳñ׳
Щ־ȥĻǣ塰ءһӿ
Ⱥ׼Ļǣ֣顣
ҷնڶʽʹ
ЩǣǱȥͷؽмնϣѪĽڿУûͣ°벽һ·ɱǰ
似̾ѣɿΧŵʬ壬ָ֮ɫųϣ˵ҪЩͺˡ
ǵǺˡ
ϿķԴһֻȫ죬ϻǣֻۣųϣ۾ȫǳޣͷţЩŻϹĻǣ̴ӳˮȥת˹ȥ
ȺǵͷǣֻθߴĻǣϼٳ
˴󾪣һ˵峤ǵţǸ˿
ãһ𣬳סŵɱȺǵ죡˵ֻ˹ҡ
ӣСĵ㡣ζȫ䱸ţϣҫ
ζԼ
һӭֻǳȥȵһȺšһʽ
ؽֱͷǿȥͷٶȡٿһӹؽնǽͷֻǣɾûôõˣؽмĽ
ԱߵֻǣҲؽܻɵУֻʣͷǣ׺سϡ
ܣͨһ㣬лž֮ɫһ߿ţûз
ϽܵķӦųͷǣǸֳЦȻؽŻ˴ָУֿȭӭŻȥ

ƺо˳϶ıӣţһ߸ߣڿУһͳϺȥϲҲܣֱûϡ
ȺǰΧˣ㣬겻̾Ϊ᳤ȡ̣ǿĽħ޵Ļǡ
껰δ䣬ͼϰȻسŻǳȥǼûãзŭ֮ɫŨͣſ³򡭡
󣬽˶ѡ
һ£һԾ䵽ǰȭӳ


128 ɱ
ûû
ͨͨȭͷ
ǣȭͷȴɡçɽڰ˲ȭͷǧ
Ľ׻ǣڲͣطŻϵͻȻǰ
⧲֮£ϵȭͷݺݵػ˶ͷ
飡
ǧȭͷֱǿͷ
Ȼɷ飡

˾⻹𣿡
ܿһȭӾȻһ£ȫǳڱܡ
ססȺǣסǿǸ߸ϵ죬ȴǸ࣬һȭͷ
ûбסģֻζ
ζڸ˵غţӣᣡ
ϻͷһЦϻŻǵѪ֮ҪһΪζĻش֮žԵģ𣬶ЧٶȣҲ壻ǻӭ
һĿģҪܣ
Ϊǧֻǵ죬ɱӺеһֻ
ɱܣ
ͷһ˵ʣĻȺͻȥֱѡһֻͷǡ
ǣʣ»İֻǣǰɵֻǣȻˣȫ
һǺ˷صڴּ䡣
ӡζ״ɫ΢䣬ὣҪ
ζһ߿žУɱǣ
Ҳ
ζһ죬ҫâֻǱ㱻ϣȺǱԶֳӣһζΧɱȥ
ϼ״Ծصζߡ
ӣҴ˱ܻ£ȺĻûáζ˵֪⣬һԪָս˴ָϾƲ¶ף¶ױлĵϺ
ɱ˫ȭһȭһͷץס֫˺ѣ
ǿ̾γ䵶˷Ըȥλֵһ֮
峤İȫһԴˣ˵λֵܣҲҪǵİæȺǲĶ֡
ùһ¶ȥȥһ¡ͻر䣬ѵǻʿһλﶼȲǲȥԼȥ
峤Ǳ߻ܣɲܵеģǻǳû߰ɡ
꿴ܣֺȵʿ̰֮ǲ֮ˣþڲˣ
꣬ɱȺУ˸Ͻҡ
üֻǣģҲֻξ޴ĻǣֻǣһӣӶĸϹ
һɨֻǣȵǾͷ
һԾȭɱֻǣ
ţٺȭֻĻǣȫϻС
ˣʣµĻǣ־ɫȴͻײֱɱϡ
ֻǣʣµĻǣһҲû
ڳŰɱŻǵʱ򣬴һ΢΢̾Ϣ¶ЦݣܣҿҲɡ
̾ϢϵˣȻ
ֻʮӵʱ䣬ǧֻǣһ⣬ȫɱڵء
ζϣһѪûմȾϣϣͨͨģų˵ӣô̼֪ӳ
һЦȻֱܣĿУȼǣս⣡
Ȼζ˵ɺλ֮ܣһ˶λпǾһǣܣǽȫͬ
Ϊĳһ̶ֳ˵Ƕѡ֡
ҪǿԼøǿǾҪĥ
սõĥ
رս˸رǿ
ƺо˳ϵս⣬һӴľܽţһء
ϣһӣ
ζΪ֮ɫ
ζӣǿ
ζҡ
Ц˵꣬һһǰͬʱһһ
һһܣҪսʿ
ζȻʶϵ֪Ͻçɽ˵ڰ˲㣬Уģȫǵģｫյý׼ʱ֡
꿴ϵĿ⣬ӿ𾴡
ˣˣˣ
ؿʼڵѾѹÿһȥ涼Ƴ֣ܵÿһȻһӡ
һһܣ岽֮ңԶ
𣡡
ƣ
ϴȣ


129 ս
սħ޵ܣϿɲҴ⡣
ըֻơ
ʱǷѹ̩ɽƣͣڿУѹ
һĻ̫ھˣ˴죬һתҲת꾪ȵţȻԴԿܣˣʲôˣ
𣡡
ܱϵΪŭˣһֻɢɫâ
ûᣬȭһСʹ
һȭ֮ܵǰܵĸϣ
һ֮󣬳ϼһȥ
˳벽Ƹǻա
ŭˣȻûΪһȭˣǱ˺벽ȴоһ㡣
ֻܽƣţŻܵϣɢŨɫââۡ
ңǱӴȻ׳󣬻аθߡ
ֻǹϴꡱ죬һСɽǰ
ζɫ䣬еӣˡ
һ˵峤ǿ쳷򲻹ܣ˿ɾˣ
ߣǾߡ
峤ҲҪŲа
Ȼǲǣú𣿡
һʺ겻˵ֻĿ⿴ǸӰһ㶣һۣǾ
ûˣӰСɽǰһСһֻϡ
ȻǴصĳþۻԪϳһϻԪָԷһ
ţȴԴ
ϻԪָ˫УԷٶȣͬʱѹ
Ѿ̧˾޴ܽţϲȥ
ܽͶӰѾȫǡ
һŲʵ롣
ϲٳɣ˫ȭͬʱϿգ˫
һӴǳϼԪָķܵһȻоǹǿ
֮çɽ֮ʩչ˫ҲǷͬСɣһܵܽţͣ˿С
˶нģħޣͬˣǻΪħ޽룬ضأӶάϣάϣ
ħΪǿ棬ǿ
ƵܣȻһ࣬ѹס޺Կ
ԣܱŭһܺþȫѹ͸¶һ˭ܶĺ壬һҪСӣȱ⣬
޴嫵ƣѹľлԪָ˿̣Ȼѱȳ
˵ҲȤ嶾ǧϽܣڳǰֻӵķݶǧϽܣȴܽܣ˵ɳǰ˿ֻ̣м֮޻֮
ܽһһ²ȣϵ壬Ҳһһû֮Уѵϥǣ
ˣûзûе֮ɫоУǾǡ
ǹԪʯеԪڵԪȻҲܵԪ
ֻǣһǷ㹻ǿܵԪǿ൱ػҪһƲסǹɷɵ϶ϴش˺
ѽԪѹѹ
ͬʱԺֳ︡ˡçɽھŲľͼټҪҳĺ
ϿɲὫԪװ׵˷ѡ
ӡζţȥҫŻɫâԾգܡ
𽣣Ʒɲ򵥣ܻ֮ʱֱӱһѪۡ
˵ܣǷŭһӣζ㱻ݺݵڵϣۡ³һڿѪζмʦ·һӣ϶ʱ˼߹ǡ
ζͳŻѪ£ҪȥȳϣǵҩҩûȫӳζվЩѡ
ҲóһֻϽɫļϹңһѱǵѪ졣
Ա˾峤㡭
ˣ
Ͻֱ۾
ȻȥΪζĿܵϣźһ㣬Ƶġ
ˣϽļͷҲ
ٴˣâ䣬ϵ
ϽҶѪȻļȫܹԦģǣȡһֻѪɫļ
峤ֱӵǰ档
ÿ
峤ֻѪҪ
ÿȻȡ
ζǷһ˲飬ϸоת󣬴ȵζҪңУ


130 
ңУ
⵴س̺ǿţ
ִҪѪ꣬סǸѾӶȽصˣţʲôƣʲôУ
ζŹ֪ϵӣȻô˵϶ֻǣζüĵ֮ɫȴⲻȥչ
ɱ˵ܻ治ǴӵĶ֡ζﰲοԼԺֳ︡ԱײͱڵĻ档
ϵĴܾԼˣһҪսߣݺѹ֮С
ܵı֮߰ʱͻȻֹ
¶Ŀ⡣
ΪܸоԪʧҲڼʧ
ۻԪӥеĽԪҪ࣬û⡣ţӿٶȼšçɽھŲ㣬ٶĺԪ
Ѿ׵ħޣͨ飬ȫڱֱܵоΣգΣգǾֵĿ⣬ԪĴʧҲ˿־塣
־ζһҲһֻϽ˳϶ơ
˿̣ܣֻӡ
ܲþȫȥ̤ϣǰȾܣ
һȣȴһ㣬һξߣȻûаεö
־ԽԽ
ϣҲоѣܰȵʱ̣ϸоǹɡЩסǹԪҲôһ˲ĳ͡
ԭɳܵģ˭˭ͷڳԺһڸΰ죬ôһûᣬˣǿ̫ˣܵϡ
ȣֳ͸֡
ǡе˿ߣһһ˿߱ʱͲˡ
Σ֮£أһƴѹ
һμѹǹɳ͵ĸоʧ˲١
ϲƴѹȫѪɫѹȻûֹͣһһεӶᣬ͸ҲԽԽ΢
ܣ־嵽ԸӵĵزʧһһμӿٶȣֱҪٰβҲβˡ
ڼѹͬʱҲ˼ΪʲôԽǼѹġԽ
ϸо֮£Ϸ֣ѹԽתٶȾԽ죡
ˣٶȣٶȣĴ󲻣ȡתٶȡͨ⣬ȴȻûзɣΪڴʹĸо
ָоƳټѹȥĻתͻᱬը
ô죬ô죿
ʮֽܸǽһһܣ˲սС
ԶΪ׵ˣζ𾪵ؿǰֵһĻǶܵĿ־壬ʲôħ޵ܣ˿־壿
ֻн޶ȵ⣬ļޡ
ͻأ뵽綴һĻտʼҲתȴе״ת˵תȻת
Ȼ綼ˣôԪΪβأ
һˣıת״ڴת䵽еɲǣͻһɣǡܱһ
ʱܰγȣĿ¶ϲȻתӣ뿪ǸԪĹħ
ӵ˲䣬ϴӴ˳ȵܣûôףҴһܡ
ϵĺܵøˣչ׷
ܵٶȺܿ죬ϵļٶҲֻһĲӰߵľ룬ԽԽ
ˣȫľˣôܣܾȻˣȻ׷ܡ
ҵĴӣǿᣬǲһ㣬ܶҪζȻһأڴǰˡҵġ֡
ϼѾˣһԾֱǰ棬ûһ˲ֹͣʩչܸպײڳϵȭͷϣܱɼʮס
һأܲȥҳϱһȭ֮𣬶һӡ
ô˵Сţٴ׷ȥͬʱѽڵԪתת״
ŵЩ棬Ѿȫ۸ζĸ˵֪һֻ佫ΪߣȻܹܲսӡ
Ҳǻ飬ÿͷϴХ֮ʱ򣬱תһ
˾ҾͲʰ㡣
ٴһԾϲأǿнģӿֱ׹£պͷӵܣͬʱȭͷѾܱ
м


131 ھŲ
м
תǹɡ
Ҫǣתٶȣûдﵽ£ûдﵽޡ
Ѿˣһȭĺ󱳣ǰǰǵһ˫ɣں󱳣תֻܾܸżȴް취ˣ
ζˣ֪ǵڼ𾪣ÿһε𾪣һλҪŨҪأ
ܴⷬģ֮ӣ۾Ǿ塣
Ϊڼ
ڼƴȴסСɽ壬ҲڱСԽԽӽ״̬ϵʹ֮ɫŨ
ͷ󺹣ѪɫӿֵϣȴЦˣˣ
Ȼҳ˵ҲǡçɽھŲĺϾɳϲûȥȥƱҪɿܱȥ˴󲿷ֵԪ϶ȴܾ裬ħޣ˭֪ʲôʽҲһܹؼʱ̣ûһ֮ζǣȻܵĶ֡
ԣϵ취⡣
Ͽܵӣɪɪһȵ벻ҷ㣿
⻰ܽ˶ͷѡ
Ȼͨħޡһ䣬ֵҿԷ㣬ǣҷ㣬㲻׼ӣվ׼ҽƤ
Ȼ͵ͷֱ࣬޻ҪޣûĹ£ﻹҶ
ƿ֣ڵתȴûͣ£ӣܹȻһվǶ԰ȴ־øЦû뵽һ죬һвһֻħޣ
Ծϥ£
ոճ˺ѵʹǵذӿ
ζȻعܵϵߣػ
룬Ҳߵһ࣬ڹϣػ۾һֱڳϣܣշˣܵõİҪҵīӵϣӦûӰɣ˵Ĵ磬ӦǱˡ
ϵһ뿪ܵĺ󱳣ܾ͸оԪĿ־壬޼Ҷϰ벽ղǹڣов
ʹ࣬ڳ˵ҳ㷹ⲻŰܣֻȥúõػȥһЩӦ£
Щʹ࣬ٵسɳǿ
ϵȻǻӭ֮
ʹʲôأ
ʹʹžϰˣ
˿̣ʹΧĳϣظоγɣƽϣӲڳһ֡
ʱȥ
γɣȴûۿۣҪȣϰçɽھŲ
ҪաçɽԭһһַӵзʽȵȣһɵģټϡçɽԣǺѡȥ
ǣˣ㣬ڼ̵ʱڣçɽھŲ㣡
šçɽⱾĴ춼Ȼ뵽Ȼһ޾֮ˣһصķʽçɽɣ
ɡçɽźܶأȱһ㲻ɣʽ½һ޶Ĵڣ˾ģҲģ²
ģµĵһҪԻپĸ߻Իپ
ھŲĵʱҲϳﰵ˻ѣǧֻǣŨѪζ˲ħޣЩħޣֱֱվǶܣȼϲ࣬ǳǰ
ӰѾٿһ㣬ٴһ㣬ܳˣ
ϸԼľƴԪ
ͻأϸоڵѪ֯ʼѣһ־ʹȻϮ
ƴҧţѵʹҲѪѾڻҫ£ԵЩޣ졭
ζҧƴᡣ
궯ݣţʲôȻѪò߻ħ˰ɣ
Ѫеÿһ̣ͬڼ֮Ͽһ㣬ꡣ
ܵܵ
ܻԣ
ܷ
ס

ϵԺϸЩ
ʹع̣ʮӣʮӣȴǺľ˳еԪҪǿ־һֱ֧ǵˡ
Ȼʹ֮󣬿ʼ
µѪ⣬ɡ


132 
ѵḶ́ʹġ
Ḷ́ӵʹࡣ
ֻǣʹĺ棬ŵ
νʹҸš
һӺ󣬳ۡ
˫͸һ
ɽ㣬أΡ룬ϣµơ
ľٶۿȥ֮ʱֻһ˫ƽ
ûעķӦţǡçɽռ磿ٳɳˣȻɽɽҲдСְ֮
ϻ˵ڰ˲ھŲľͼҳһçɽɽܼܲʵǡ
çɽϴİûСçɽӥ綴һսɣûСçɽǰƴ֮ʱҲ߶
ϲΪھŲǡçɽյ㣡
Ȼ˼ΣȴǺͷֻգçɽΪ⣬һߡ
ϸĸһڵúƴ󣬴̼⡢غսһĿⶢһֱûжϣЦˡ
ζýţû¶϶һ߾Χζ˵
ӣˡζ˵ﻰڵҪǴûô죬ôߣԺҪˣ𣿡
ϵͷֵ˺𣿡
ζԽԽںϵĹģԣ¶Цݣˡ
Ժٷɵ¶ˣܿɲڵΪܶԸġ
ҾҪɵ¶ֻҪǰ㡭Ҿͺƴζ˵ţͻֺ˵ӣʲôӣȻǱܣվǶһ
ЦЦûлشܣȻϲ֪ʺܡ
ζȵȵңȥ֣Ȼ㿾ԡ
ãζʻ״
ĵԾֱܵǰܿŵͷųϣ۾η֮ɫЦҴһܡ
ֱҡͷɲֲֿľ
ҲẦֻҪҴһܡ
ܻҡͷ
üǰĽŻˡһתϺȵҪǲҴһܣҾóζ
ס֪ҡͷǵͷ
ǲ򣿡
ϺȳȭʹܱӦҪһȥڿУȴͣһȭСϣֱ
ܾȣо˸ղһȭУ̺Ӵ
Ҵ򣡡
һȭȥܴһ϶Դ
ˣĿɿڴô̵ʱڣȻǿ棬ʲô˵ԺУҲֳˡ֡
ζ򻶽ţӣݺݴֻܣݺݵش򣡡
ϴòֺڰ˲ھŲ㣬˵ĸоأֻһ̨ףķ羰ȴȫһ
ʱһȭǧǼ˫
ˬˣܱˡ
ĸо̫ˣ֮ǰϣѹһڣȴѹŴ򣬻ԴļУǴûй£
йаʱϸоˣֶ˵ˣˣ߰ɡ
˳ϵĻȴûߣֱؿųϡ
ϲܣߵһߣֻͷǵʬ˻׼ӡ
ǰϾһϿҵ˵лл˵ľ֮
Ҹտʼûǣԣ㲻лҡ˵ûͣæŵĻƣؽ֣ǹ롣
һֱ֣ˣҪֹϵĻ̻˶ǰֻܣһ
ȴӵϼһˣݸζ˵ζ޺ȥá
ӣ޺˿ǻǵľڣôġ
һЦƷ׵޺ˣûãȥá
ζ뵽ϵļ𣬵˵ͷսָ˵ӣá
ϳ˳ǣð棬
꣬ûΪϵӶȻֿ˵ΣǶˣѾڻȺˡ
ϻͷһۡ
˵ҽСİǻ峤ǲ絽塭
СİĻδ˵꣬ζѾ˵壬˵Խһ塣˵仰ζͻ뵽ʲô£վ˵·ƽνһŮӦġ
⻰ͷֱðߣζŮִԲ򰡡
ζ⿾ˣȥ
ζڰڵƣӹ⣬ӣ㣬Ҫоƣͺˡ
Сİһ˵ˣպоƣǲ
˵Խ˶ֱͦˬˣǆһ㣬оƾͿóζֱ


133 ī
СİζһҲ˼ǼǱˣѧǵԱ𾴣ζ˵Գ˵С˵öԣ̫ˡ
˵ţСİӴָó̳ƣˡ
ҽơʱ˵֡
ִ磬ľƣգرҡ
ҳζùһ̳Ů󣬱ž͹һڣһζȿȲͣоȼһɻ𣬡ơң
СвٰСİ˵һ̳ƣݸϣҲ飬ӹƣͷһڣɫˢرѪ죬þƣңҵĺþƣ
ֺһڣݹȥһ⣬ҵա
⣡
þƣ
ͬʱ˵һԣЦ
ζ̷˻ǵ޺ˣһţ̺ŵҩ޺ĻԪ
СİڴڵغȾƣˣȴֱ̾ſϧɫǿ൱شڡ
ֺһڣϸоǹȼյĸоУһ˿⣬˿⣬þƸң˵գдˮ𱾲ݣȴ໥ԡ
ִǳˣһ˿ɲ
СѾͽ٣߳׼Ҵʶ˾ͽ壬ڳѣǰСİΪϣһ̸ҲԽԽͶ
̸Ũȴǰ洫һĻ́ͷȥࡱȴǴܵĶﴫζʱܳԿ龰㽫һֻǵ⣬˹ȥ
ܴ֣˹ȥץס⣬һھȥȻֱ㶶ųĿ⣬ĵ˵͸ɡ
ǣϾͽʣµĿ⣬ȫӸܡ
Сİ˵ִ磬ҿģʿܴܰõܣĵһʿֵ̫һˡ
ЩЦ˵ʵ
ǰԨ֣ǿħ޷ǳ࣬൱׺ݣһ󣬻
СİڰԨֵĽܣֱôãѡһһɽ֣Ȼô׶Ĵڡ
ԨȻգǣȴźܶĵرиħ޵޺ˣڵﶼҵٵϡ
֪仰ʵ˵ģһսջ൱ش󣬵çɽھŲ㣬Ƕǿ¡
ҲЩңҪĲܣǱܻҪ͵Ĵڣġã෴ܵˡ
һأһҪʹáԼ
Сİ˵һѣϿʵЦʧ䣬Щ˵˵ǣڲڰԨֵΧͲôһȺǣܡ
ĿһݣֱԵѵΪ
ֻҵĻɡ
û⣬̧ͷܣͽԵһɶʳ˳ϸĿֲƵǰϿӺЦһ鿾ܸϽס
ִ磬Ԩ֣׼ʲô
ϻûлشζлָЦ˵ѰġȻӹϵݹĿ⣬ʵأ
Ѱһζīӵҩ
īӣʲôôû˵ζȤʮ㡣
īī֮Ĺʵīһ൱ݣĵطΪӣһ㶼СƵ֮أҪµոֶأīյĸֶأڻ㼯ںϣγһֲ֪¾綾ÿʮ꣬īһѣڵ¾綾ȫ㼯ССī֮Сī֮У³ѿµīٲΧأʮֽµīӡīӣÿһΣƷҲԽߣȻī̺ĶҩҲԽ֮⣬īĻҶӡȵȣȫҩ
ô˵ǲǶôܽΪأζǲ⡣
ݣͿôˡСİüе˸Ũ
־綾ȴţ֪īӵĶǧܵĶ˭һ㣬ѪĶ
ţֻζȵܣȻҵĿԣζܵĿ־壬ڳϽܴʱ̷ɢˡ
ܵһԻıǾǣ
ζɡꡱЦһһת˵ܣأҲǲԣֻҪ㰴˵ȥҾ͸㿾ԡ
ֱͷ
Сİ⻭棬Գ˵ִ磬ֻǸˡ
ɻ
ζȴЦ˵ܣƳŵأȥһֻǻҾ͸㿾ԣ
˵ţζҡҡĿ⡣
ϡСİСİ£ֻܣζҪӣȫˡ


134 ÿ
ܣͨ顣
ɴʱĺϣԼǸû㾫µСĻ
᣻ǵȥʰһֻǡ
ѶȣɲһС
ܣȥǲȥȥͲԵġζСħŮһ仰âɡ
ܺɴתӴӣ뿪ǣζͣı֮꣬ԳǰΪŵһζһɶеζ
ʱϵĿ⣬ɨ
ڱɨеһ̣ʱһ顣
ԥأһȻǻǵʬȥ
ζĵЦѣСİҲЦţȴϵ۽⿴ϣղųϵһۣǿɶǿ
СİŸղŵĻ˵ִ磬ӣǸˡ
ϻɻ󣬡ղŴһϣò񫣿
СİЦţܿǣøִ磬кӹԣִŸϵøϲߣ
Сİ֪ǿˣ׼ȷ˵ڿϵĳֵϣⲢСİԳϣӵ
һ㣬Ҳ
ӱأ·ղƽ⣬м䣬ббƫƫ֪ˤ˶ٴΣÿˤһΣζЦݣ͸һ֡
Żһӵʱ䣬ϻֻǣζ˵ĿȫһϸյݸĿ⣬Ҳһͬܡ
ϵĸɫ˭ܿó
Ȼܵˣûгʮӣζ˵ñܵʲôأζԸڵӵֶһ飬Цܣ쿾ԣ
ֱ㶡
ǣҪÿЮ
϶Ϊֻܵδıʾͬ顣
ڵϵˣȴЦ졣
һЦ˵ĹϵֲԾ׽˼֡
һСİڹ㾢˵ִ磬Сһ󡣡
Һľƣܰæģͷһھơ
СİϲСִҵīӣ³֮󣬱л
ϻû˵ζЦУīӳ־綾֮أ㲻뺦ǰɣ
ǲǡֻǡСİʵīӣΪҸףҸ׵زΣڵϦĳϣ˵īܾҳʱҲʮˣͻȻЩǣڣֻʣˡ
СİΪѰҩﲨһ¡
ζҲЩ飬ɲʲôʧҪܾϿ˵ҿԣǣʵ㣬¡
᲻ģִ磬ʱҵīӣСֻȡһŸΪүģȫִ硭Сİ˵ţִӴָóһɫʯͷζһʯ
СüʶʯֻСܵһСС⣬ִ¡
ϲ֪ʯк;ζʮֵ֮ɫ֪ǺöҲװʲôߣʲôǫ飬ӹʯ˵һᾡġ
лִˡСİϽʯǿʯͷԭأִôǿӦö༸ְҵīӰɡУʲôҲõˡ
ζĵģȻʯڼƷϣǡ
֪ζ룬¶һЦݣҪģʵҲȥīӣҪΪǶΪ뵽һҪ⣬ԪԴ壬ǷҲԴ壬ǶΪʲôֲأ
Ҳǻԭ򣬳ϲʯ
˹ԨֵĲ⣬֪Ԩʮɽǰڣ֪ҪӰԨֵһڣҪô˻ȥҪôʹԽ֮ƹȥƹȥ·պҪ塣
ͷܣһߴڳſ⣬ųϵżȻη壬׽ĹâȻܻζĥ
һҹ޻õڶ
ԳΪ׵һȺˣֻϲߵܣԨֵĶȥҪѰҵīӡ
ȥ֮һӰڻǵʬ崦߶ţǿϧˣȡûϵȻôһ
һߣὣڿһڿը


135 β
Ԩ֣ȻΣգζȴǺ⣬ֻȴ಻ԡ
ܿԪʧֲܿǸЦݵŮǿֲԿ⣬ûѧÿЮԡ
ǣôܳԵľǹӡ
ˣȫһ֮ƫƫֲߣҪǣ˫ۣڳϵǻ
Щ죬Ȼ˲ħޣζһ֮ܳ£ܾܽЩƷ׵ħޣŵһɢ
ˣŹӵܣֳǵĿ·ȷ档
Сİ£⻭棬ҲֹţܽύôһˣóպʯҲֵˡ
Сİƽʱ˵涼
һ죬СİóһƤҶķָһ·ζҪǸȥζӣ˵ζ
ӣôˣ

ζ˿ɳϵжϣһʱصϵߣҽҲߡ
СİҲվڳһ࣬š
ӣ㷢ʲô
ֵ

ζĻ䣬Ҳˡˡ
ţ㿴һֻֻȭͷССһƬֱǷ
Сİɫ䣬βϣ
峤ܣ˵סСİ£Ͻ˵СİСİһоҲתӣ϶βϣǿʮʮ
СİȴصҲߡ
峤ϧ
ʮˣʣˣһкȥСİⷬ˵ϼϾȻһҵģͻȻͰ
СİûߣȴתˣȻ֪βϣô¶ɿħ޵ܶˣҲԼ֪ЩβϿ϶൱
ζﱾ£ڳߵʱֻʣһƬȻȵܣˣͲ㿾ԣ
ܿǳԹβϵĿƤ壬ҲסβƨϵǸ룬ôһﻹ˵ʲôⲻģһֻ˴
ɾʱ˳һ仰ֻ֣࣬
һܵĶ䣬͵һ飬Ȼ󣬺أص˳ߣȻǱζһٺܣ㲻һֻСܡ
һҲεĺɫֻſ־塣
βϵٶȺÿ죬תۼ䣬ǣԶ
Ҳʱϴ˻ԪָԪһĻȦһޣΧ档
ȦոȺβϾ͹ǣȫ⵽赲һҲײҲ͸ˡ
ʦµԪָ̫ˣܵԪܹЩħҲ⡣̾һ䡣
СİЩ˿Ȧﾪţû뵽ִ˱
ȺβϣѾɢǸιȦϣͣʵβϣʲô
Ҳ֪ζҲ֪ⶾβϵСİӹ˵ִ磬һȺβϣ󲿷ֶħޣǵܽʯͷҧ飬Ҫǣβϵβһ룬ʮǿңУԣΪȺжԨֵˣⶾβϣβϣϣͲԶˡ
ֹӣūۼһȺβϣһ佫ΪߣβϽ˰Χһӵϣûһӵʱ䣬βϾͷˣǸˣֻʣһ߰׹ǡСİһ˵
˵òԣԸܣҲԸⶾβϡСİ˵ֳϾһִ磬Ƿһ
ҼȻӦ㣬˻ᾡȴ˵˾䣬ʵβϵĶж඾ǧϽܵĶ˭
ȺβϵĶȻǧϽܵĶǲ˲١ǰ˵˴۾žɻɫ
ش𣬳ŵЦˣԪָȻǿҪӴԪ֧֣ԪݽߣҲûãǣȺβϵĶǧϽܣǳϾηˣΨһĵģȥĻȦҲɢȥζô죿
ʲôܵסβϵ𣿡
ûССİشִ磬ôˣ
Ƕβܵˮ¹𣿡
ܡ
ǺãһˮĵطǱˮС
ӣҪʲô
ȥЩβϡ
ϴ˻һ˽Դ


136 ʹ
Сİ£ԴֲİһˮԴİ취˰ʱҵһСϪ
ƶ˽вѵĶβϣҲƶԵʮֹ졣
ŵĺӰȴһͷĺߣֱ仯ǸͻȻСӴģȻ
Ϫߣζץסϵֱۣ˵ӣɲܶҡ˵仰ʱζ뵽˽ģβһֻʣ°׹ǵ£ӲЩ
ҲµġЦŶζ˵ֶܺȵζҪǳʲô£ҰƤ
ѾŵʲôҲ˵ˣֻһصͷܿǻˣϣӦߵģҪˣͲкЩʹ࣬ڵģڣ߶߲ˣѾΪһѱˡ
ûˮУβϺް취ȴҲûзˮϿգغš
ʱϴˮ͵ԾߣȺβϸһ
ǣһ㶻֮󣬳ǧֻβϣֱսŽǣϳȥ
գۼ䣬βϾͽϴͷǵذΧһشڡ
ˮ棬ܿһĻӲɪɪˣĿҲž壬ĹƶǣƵˣȻǿܶӲǵΪβϰΧĻĴڣ
ֻζСİˣ۾ĪĹζﻹţӣ㲻µģ㡣
һţʲôģ뷨Լš
βϰΧŵĳϣҲ̾ţЩβϹȻǵҧϣȻҸоЩʹ⻹ֻ׶ѣҪĽףסǲ֪ж
βȻоԾ˺ǰҧˣȫһôҧҧȥУͻȻһ
Щβֹͣ˺ҧһӣƨɡ
ˣҿǵĶж඾ţȴּһ䣬ֻҪû߲ʺϻɢֶĳɷ־С
С
һŹֵЩò״̽˳ϵûоʲôӰ죬ƽһģһֵ˰죬Ȼûľ֮ĸо
ϱȻˣȻûãǾȥɡ
һĬԪȼһɫ档
𣬷٣
ƲѵĶβǣɲʱ䣬һȺĶβϣȫ˻ҽ
ǸӰһĻԥԶʧ۾ȴ𾪡
ˮ棬ζܵߣ´һ飬ӣ̫ˣǰٶ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ
Сİվڳǰһֶ죬ǾһˣһȭĽ׻ǣܣǲ嶾β֮ʩż𡣡
֮࣬Сİһأȡīӵİԣ͸ˡ
ܣ۾ηǴﵽԸӵĵز
ûǵľȣСİ˵ǻڰԨֵΧɣ
Сİ˵ͷŭ֮ɫǰΪţоȣû¶ڳһᣬʱ˹Ⱥβϣħƽʱôܳڡ
Щħ޿Աʹ𣿡
һʣСİɫȻԽˣһ㶼Լ䵶ΪһǰһԦڵɣһǰͱš
ǣ浽ԽţҲȥ˵߰ɡ
СİԦڵ£ʹħޣǺأΪʲôԻأҪءСİ˸ͻĹֲţ߼䣬бȻϵ𣿡
ҶСĵ㡣϶ǣζ֣ǰ濪·
ΪζȫԲŽǣţζϵЦݣһһ㣬۽⣬ͣɨϵӡ
һûʲôģħ޹ֻһЩ֪ħޣǳȻ㱻һܵÿһƶأƺҪԹӵԹޣȫйЩħϡ
ÿһֻħޣϾȡ޺ˣټǰߣһ·Ͼջ˲ٵ޺ˣȻĽף̲صԪȴ٣ϽԵ޺ˣȫζ
һˣ붾ԽԽַһ飬ԨˣԽԽˡ


137 ҹϮ
˵ԨƽʱҲ֮ðȡħޣժҩݣȵȣǣЩ㣬
ѾȥˣΪ͡üͷ˵Ԩʲô·
Сİҡͷ
ζ˵бڣ˭ҪǸҶ֣ñһư¡
ǳһЦݣﵣǸЩǣܣһ˵Щ˿һֻһô˵ܴȤɣ
ǣЩ˽һ֮󣬾ͼǰߣ˵ǰиҪڵǡ
˼һ˵ǵ·
һŶ
ǲ֪ڰԨֵΧźܶˣԨָǶΪһϢġ
ҹˣڰԨҹҪ·ĻһΣյ£ԣȼ˻ѣ⣬ζ˵ţԨԽԽ࣬Щħ޶ŵòҳˡ
ҳģǵͽħޣЩ߽ħޣֻҪһͻһȷѪꡣ˵ţָˡ
ζ˺һ飬Ӹܣܣȥǽġ
ٳԹӵܣϲ֡
Сİ붾󣬻жԶľ룿ЩСİѾˣ˶ȤͶ
ڵٶȣ߸죬ܵˡ
ζԱ߲˵ӣҸоЩ˵ķ򣬶һ
ѵҲȥ󣿡СİԼҲһʣ֣ԴӽԨֺ󣬹¶Ͳϵطִ磬ͳΪһʬǣ˵ʬǶûˡ

Ҳţȴûͷ˺һЪϢˣζȻǿڳߣϣȻ˿ĥšľڰԨҲһֱľԪ
⡶ľƪһƪ˵ݣһƪ˵ľһƪȴʧҲһƪʧľű˵ͽɣ֪ƪ˵ʲô
ЩӰաľҲĵã᲻һױƻСݣ紵ܣֱ̫֮ӣľǰ϶ǹ۲ľġ
ԨûôŨǣľȴǲôѾоһɲرǵľԪ֮ʱܸоһˬ
ľ֮󣬳ĥµġѵء似ϱܽԭʺ似Լġ
似ֻʽԶԶֻǵʽ˵ʲôĿʮʽȫǰı似ģֻǽԪǽϵԪһ룬ѶȻӡ
ĳϣûо쵽ζСİ˯øˣֱشһߣɫҲ԰ֻħܣתɻâ
һ죬һѵأܽ似϶ΪһɿѵأǸö࡭
ͷû꣬ԼԶǷˡ
ֻǻһ⣬ͷܲһӰɢԵ
ʲôһ߼佫һòܣҲȫǱ˷ܡ
СΪ˵ǸСӵϣܵסβϵĽ²һˡ
ٲһΣҲֻ佫Ϊѵܴùɣ˵ӰɢǻǰЩһ׸
⵹ǣ˵챦ϢĻǼٵģ
ôֻɱ
Щһֶ䵽˳϶УѾȼŭ𣬡ӰɢЩŵˣһ佫ܵϣص棬ų
Ϸŭţȴûа㶯бһζСİ˵쳣״ŭ
˼䣬˳Ȼ𣬷ͳĺ
˺סܣϽɱһ꺺ӣЦŷԸ
ŭѣҪǺѣɳϵ˺޷ӦܲûߣһԱߵȥ֪ܵϽһߣûܳһ
𣡡
˱ŭţοʼ
ɫ΢䣬Ͻȵ㡣
ϾͺáͬʱߣһýĨӣһȥȡϵĴָ
Ϊֵ֮ʱ۾
񣬱䣡


138 
۾һ˲䣬ĨӵǰѽҲǰƲֺ
Ϊ֣ץס
һҪȡָˣԾϽ󳷡
ϧһ
ǿűװεóªѵȻ֣磬ֱ佫š
ֱӴضѪ˲ŵؿѪѪڿл켣ŨŨΧ
ûһˣ˱ץס֣޷ӴܣʱȫԪһ㱣ϣΪԪ
Ʒܹҵķе˵
ǣЦûУеֻԪɱһشţź޳͸еأ̽ɫâ
Ѫٽ
һԾؽ֣ʽնڽֿһƣԤϵͻȻһɱС
ôûжͷһһһѡܵƣΪУһԽӸĵ䡣
һ佫Ľɵ˺Ͳʲô
ԣֻҪסܱӺƾС
½ѾǸ֮ˣȴˮԪһȦˮתͬʱˮԪܡ
ǡʱϵؽն
飡
ؽնˮϣƵţžžƺۿˮƱնˡ
ն鲨ƣؽ޿ɵУնϡ
ۣ
һնһѪţܵһֻСӰ㱻ĳʮԶڿУͣѪ
𾪿־岻ѣôҲû뵽һ佫ȻƵķʱؽնʱҫŵԹâ
֮壡κζƴԶȥһһƣѾˣٲߣ϶Ҫˡ
ϼܽķɣѧζһ䡰ܡȻȵζҪˣǵðƤ
꣬˵׷ȥ
ϵȻôһ˴ĻᣬҪˣ滹֪ʲôĻ
˲䣬߼佫һˡ
һУڵʯ֮䣬佫ûлعܸڵϣʣһܣһٵܣŭѣһأҡΣ佫һͷӣܿ׷ȥ
һߣо׷лͷһڿյĳϣд󺧣ֻ佫𣿡
Ϣ֮䣬˵ľ룬ԽԽҲ֪ȥС
һݣ˵Ҳһ佫еģ
⻰һ꣬ͻȻ䣬Ԥ׵תһűâĽֱ̳ϡ
ʹʽնǱ֮
ﭡ
ײ֮
ţ飡
ؽѹ£󾪣СϾȻ
ͷûԺ꣬ؽѾնϣϽֿӴָͳҩȫ̷ȥ·ѣ¶ɫס
Цؽǧأټϳ֮һǧ
ǣ
ֱӱѣŽԪ壬ֱֱۣӱ
һԪת
˵ˮ˻
෴ֺγˮ
ң֮𣬿ǼˮԪȴûдﵽ뼫࿹ľ硣
ʱȫɪɪս
Ȼ־ܡ
ܱ˵ΪӱϿǸ߼佫ͺһ佫㣬ҵ۹ô˵ҲƷؽǰȴֽһ
֪ɵռ˺ܴɷ档
ȣǸû뵽ԼûжôѸٵؽ߼佫𹥻
ΣˣԼԼ쭵ػᡣ
ٴΣһƣˡ
ûϵԼҲô󣬻ܹڿա
Ҫǣؽ̫նĽնļףնֱۡ
ϽȥʱҲܵ佫ץ˻
Ūѡ
ϷԸ£ֱһŲ佫ϣֻùͷġꡱȻ佫ֱʹѣţʣµ߼佫һȫŪܵڵء
ҩ
˻ش
ؽ߸𡭡


139 
Ҫҩ˶ûлش
Ҳؽֱ˵Ĳն
ȻһѪǿԲԲԴڵϹ˺üȦ
ɾѪһնֱսľҲͣز
ߵڶǰȵҩ
˸ϽӴָｫҩ˳ҲΣԼһҩԼʱϼû¶ŽҩȥζǷ¡
ϵһߣʣµˣȴзֺԺͲܵͷһ߻˵Ҳ֣ܾ嶾β֮Ӱɢִسȴûжô
ڣȻûôʧ֡
ǰ漸ΣǴβɵֵһᣬȻӲϣҲûӵóȥ
ٿ˵Ҳ̣Ҳʣһֱ֮ӿͷ¡
ңζСİ˹һصʬ壬ǼһȻֱ˵˳ϵĻ
ҲŮ˵ԣƽʱζôӣһ֮ȴѪ죬ʬڣﻹвµġ
ǣζϻУ񣬻֮󣬲žƺЩԾſεʱͱͨ죬Ʋʡ
ζȴû뿪ϵĻ§øҲ΢΢ز
һŮӣôǰҲûǱŮӣȴǰѩǸŮӣζһرǸоӣЩ
켴ϹܿӰ͸Ժ
϶ʱѣ΢΢򿪣˵ζûˣ£ڡ
϶ô˵ˣζҲֻ뿪ůĻȻ󿴵ִֻ򿪣ֹһ䣬һӡ
ζ˵ʲô
ӣô¶ζҡͷϽʻΡ
ʱСİҲվߵǰ档
ߵڶǰʵʲôˣʲôɵģΪ͵ϮǣкܶʣеķҲǡܣжβսʱùʱЩڴָʹõʱҲֻСİǿȻһȺˣȴ֪˵죬ȷڰмӡ
Գϵ⣬ڶԥ֮⣬ûлش
ɵأϵؽڶն¡
һѪܵԴڵء
ʣˣøСİҲη֮ɫϸղֶΣ̫ںݶ
ҲͣԼ·˶Ҫɱ¶ôĴ
ߵ佫ǰٴκȵʲôˣʲôɵģΪ͵Ϯǣ
佫Ҳشֱ˵Ƕ˹ȵˡ
˻һСİǾĶ˹ȵˣ
ϽǷˣ򣬾ͻҪǵɱȫңǵɣڲһݺݵв
ϲΪֻ³֣졣
ͨܣʱѾӣϵԥƣݺһơ
һƣǷͬСɣݣֱӱһŲʣ
Ҫٴвɿܵ۾ս죬ȴţֻܣôôĻ
תͷСİ˹ʲô
˹Խڵһ˹ˣ˶磬˵Ϊ˹£ȫǶӯɱԽŮȵȣնݳмĲ壬˹һɶ
Сİ˵ţЩ֪ô϶˹ȵ
Сİ˵Ļиˣͷ佫ȵ
佫ɻ󣬡˭ôͲ¶˹ȡʹʣɣشԴ϶Ͳļ֮ϡ
ԣϽ˵ǵõϢȻǲ͵Ϯǡ
ϢǴģ
ֻ֪¡
治֪
ˣСĲ϶佫ָԱߵ˵
ûݵȻݺȥ֮󣬶㡣
ˣ㲻Ҫɱңҽ㣬ֻҪ㲻ɱңʲôҾʲô佫Ϊ˻ʲôҲˡ
Ͽſͷ佫ûãֻҪɱҵˣҲֻ
˵꣬һ佫롣
󣬳ߵǰ˵ϢӺδ


140 
֮ǰˣ߼佫һ
Ѿ㹻֧һеȼңһСɡ
ת֮䣬߼佫ȫ⣬ֻʣһ˵ĳ
˲Ұܣƽδ뵽ģرǻӰɢ
㣬ϵƽϵĺȴͷ˵ϡ˹ȣˡ
Ͼٽꡱһ졣
ƽʣµһֱֻۣҲնڵأٴιĽ
һΣն˫ȡϵޱȡ
һ͹Ϣ˭Ҳ֪
Ͻƽ۾ղ˵仰ӦòǼٻ
ҲΪǼٻԽԽ鷳ˣڰжǣȴֲ֪ʲôˡ
ʲôϵ
仰ƽ۾ɫȴϽ˵ûйϵ
ӰɢӺδϽƽӦȫ
ģġ
ؽһ˵ʵġ
ƽɫҲٲΪɱǣ˹ȾҲ㣬϶˹ȣֻ·һڡ
Ļ˵꣬ϵؽѾնԴ
ƽԱЩȫȥ汳֪ͷԱʮɽͼʶж佫Ա綴ʶһмԱת磬ըһŻң֪Աж
ԣڿƽĺ֮ʱϺɵؽؽնȥûеõĴ𰸡
ԽԽˣϸоԼһı֮УֱıܴǰԨĪôˣҪɱǣţֻҪϹܿǱû͸¶Ų֪ɱλϣתͷСİ֪˹֮ʲôϵ𣿡
û˵Ƕ˹λԽߣԶ˹ȣǱ֣֮Ҫɱ˹ȣȴ֪Ϊʲôԭ飻Ӵ֮󣬶˹¸޼ɵ
ЩСİӴҲ֪ԽڵĵλǸ߸ϣԽ޲ܵĵӣǱ룬СİΪͻȻʱѾȥ˱Ϊͨ˱Ĳԡ
ңԽ壬ϰ似ҲǱġ
ɾôıȻûܽ˹֪˹ĵƣ
ϰʣȫ߹ȥ˵Ĵָȫɻһ̽ÿָԪʯرǸĴָ澹ȻٿƷԪʯеҩ޺ˣϵȸǺһѡ
½ϣ׬Ǯ⣬ǴˣǺڳԺڡϸпһ䣬ЩȫŽԼĴָ
ԴˣСİûһ㲻⣬Ҫ֪ǳϣѾ졣
·ҸҪСһ㣬Ҹоڰǡ˵꣬ζ䣬Ȼץʱܽղսľѵ
ϵһǿҵΣС
һӰȻˣʣ˭Ҳɱø洫Ϣ˵һɱ峤ЩѶˡ
һΰȴҲ˯ţղŵΣգôĶ֪ˣСİϣҪ˵ʲôȴֱ죻ζųϣһӡ
ٴ̣أߵˣ붾Խ˾Խ࣬лкüǰЩǿġ
Щ˿ζߵܣ۾ʱͶָĹâе𾪣еǼʣеֻĹâڿһȺУ佫ֻǴʦĹâ͸Ũˡ
ϸоâûᣬҪһĹȥһ˺ǰǻ峤Сİ
Сİͷһ¶Цݣ˵ʦ壬Ҳ
˵ţСİѾǱȥζܶԭء
ôҲˣǱ֮ˣһǸСİˣ˿̣
ͻȻֲҪīԣұ㵽
һʣʵʲôˣ
ҵѣҲҵľˣҪǣˡСİϽ˵˵ôļӣ֪Ǳ𣿾Ȼ񡭡
Ħګ
СİС˵ʦ壬ִշġ
𾪣˵Сİҹȥʶʶѡ


141 죬챦
СİĽܣ֪ǸЩ֣濴佫Ϊȴշܵ˽ƣ֪ߵǸһˮ۾ŮӽΡ
˵ҽпǣллλЩСİչˡ⵱Ȼûһ˵ʶôһСİͳмŦ
ѡϵȺӣ˵̬ôٿֻ佫ΪټϱԽǳȻ׵ĵλĿһУ԰Դԣ֮һ˵رЩ·һʱû뵽һ佫߸ܣǴʲôѿ˵Ϊ˭֪Ǳ𣿲֪ô˵ûкúý㡭
˻δ˵꣬³֣죡
죿һӣô¶һֱԾжԸܣܵƣѾظ˵һ⡣
һ⵱ȻᣬѪ˳ݱĸ⣬˻ȥζգ۾ЦЦʾ˵죬㲻óԹˡ
㡭㡭ʦ壬۸Ǳˡ˻֪˵Сİ֪ϵæʹɫȴûһá
ϴŭŭĶȻǳϣⳡ粨ĵӣֻתһ˵һϣŭĦګȥ꣬ٴ
һȺӣȫ֮ɫĦګſҪ˵ʲôǣȴû˵һ仰ҪǱ˵ɱҪܣϵ۾Թޡ
ѵ˵ֶ֮Գ˵λӣʵڱǸҽ̵ŵԲѷǵı⣬Ҫ£һԽȻȻˣȴԽ֮ˣ½ص˶С
һշħ޵˽ãֻкôûлȻЩȫһ仰ˣܲŭ
׻˵򹷻Ҫˣϸղŵľٶڱ˿ţ˶ԴĵӣǣڳʲôĦګ輰ĸ׽ҹ
תͷĦګһΣȡ
СİϿԴ۾գһ£Ȼ׳˵滰Ħګڣȴŭ꣡
ӣϸϸ˽˻˵ſʦǲ̫磬Լʿȵȣŭһ˵˭ȥڵģ
ʱЩ
Сİ㻹һ𣿡ʵ
ԣСİ֪ǺãһǳϵʵǿһǱվҪʱų϶ȥպڱڣ϶ᱻż
һʱ䣬СİЩѡ
Ǵ˿ҲƵģ̫ЩˣȻĵдȣ£˵Ļ˿˱棬ԼѵǸӣԼӷŵôͣһˣƾȻǲмһ˵ӡ
˿ܣǽЩ˵ֹӣҲҪ󣬲һУҲиӦ
԰ִ磬һ߰ɡСİæ˵
Ͽ˿ߵζףڰԨкܶΣմڣܶԸģл˼ӣһҪζİȫټϵʱȥһڣҪ壬ҲҪָ·
ôһ룬ϱ˵ͷ˵˸á֡
ش𣬿΢һ㣬Сİ֮ѡ񣬸ǿģʵʦ壬ЩԨôôأ
ǲ֪
֪Сİҡҡͷ
ǰãԨһ׹⣬Ԥԣ׹֮챦Ȼø·ǰӡ
׹⣿챦СİǣڰԨ֣ȴûп
˵ҲΪˣʦǰ̽˵Ʒı˵ĵر˵ĳǿµĶкܶϢģ˭Ҳ
⻰ûз˵ѾˣǱܽؽǰɫӡر̣ڰɫƳؽǷƷֻڻһ⣬ؽˡ
ζֲܰؽһûζûдﵽǸΪ
ҲҪúĥˡ˵ţҪ¶ʵ̫ˡ
ţֻСİʵʦ壬ΪʲôҶȥǰ׹֮أ


142 
СİʣǿһΧŵˣ˵׹֮ҪԣҶڵεɢȻһٴ
һֶζ˵ɲʲô˺
ʲôʱλɢأСİΪļҲֻ֪ﶾУȴϻһ˵
ÿʱ֣ʱʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ǳʱ֮ڣ󣻶ҪȡīӣҲҪʱȡȻ͵˻˵ţСİȡīӣȴûʮֵġ
Ҫ֪īδ˿֪ȫƾãҵīӣֱһ㶼һԣǾһľ档
ʱҲüͷǲ£ζأ
˿ǵĻСİĬһԣȻڵܲȡīӣܲκø׵ĲͳϽ̸ôһɼϱĿҲͰ֡
ԭȶԳϻʲô뷨ģϺͱߵһҲͽǹѹ
һӰҲüͷý
ʱúܿ죬תۼ䣬͵ʱ֣ԭȻЦŵȺһҵļǰȥ
ߡǷӽСİųϣץסζ֣˵ζҡ
ʱδĶ󣬽ɢ򣬿ΧѹѹһƬľ֪صķţɭīɫԼŻ׵ǰģΪǿߣ˿ԨֵģΪҲǸ߼ûϣˣȴ֪ںδ
Լдʱǵ˶ĵ̣ͬһʱ䣬ÿ˵϶ɢŹâɫģкɫģнɫĵȵȣԪֵŶȻʧȴû˶ʱǶʱ򡭡
ǡʱǴһСģ
䣬ϾͿǰһŵĸ߼佫ΪߣðڷտĶȴͻȥ˿ֻţžȴȣһգ۵Ĺ˾ȫ˽ȥʧƬ½֮ϡ
һĻζӣɲһ£ϻͷ˵£ء
ζʹͷ
ЩһȥлĿܣҴʮֵľ𱣻֣ˡֶ߰Ӷ
˶ƿǰĵطѰ·
󣬼ֱ󣬲ʱҺһСģȥûӰ
ţͻȻһݽ󣬿ȣһ˿߰Ķסӵֱۣ͵һ
ӵǱọ̈̄˶æι˼ŽⶾĵҩӵɫȻûкתҲ˵Ϳظˡ
̾Ϣһӣǰ
ҲЩľҲž綾Ҷʮֵǿϴ˿̲ûȡԪָֻǼǿȴҪĶûԪָȻǲñ˿˷
ⶾ󣬱ոĵطǣôΪǴ˵е챦֪Ҫ֪ôһжᱦŹ֡
ﲻУвٵҩݣһ·ϣ϶˲٣ЩȫʦĲصģݣǮ춬ݡ
ǣЩҩߣħ޵Ĵڣлߣ֩Ķȵȡ
ûȥЩݣҶͨҪͨȻϵ챦ԾڿУһһӿзɹΣգǣϣҲǲȫģһ˸ոϣ㱻֪ħ޹Ӿȥ켴û
ЩݣϵȥժΪЩҩɺֵܶҩȴòסԼʵ̫Σˡ
һ취ܱ߲ٵľȻûгȥľϾ˼ˣҲѧһʱ䣬ľһƬ
Сİһܶ£Ƚɣ۾ͣܣҵīӵټȴǺСİԽԽ
룬Сİ˵ʦ壬뵽طȥҡ
ü˵Сĵ㣬ʵҲ·˻ȥסֻʱ
СİӦһϣ˵˾䣬ߡ
ӣΪʲôߣζЩţȴ˷ܡ


143 
īӳʲôط˭֪ˣıߣûϵ
ζʻ˵ҸоߵĶȽء
ʲôСİ¾
Сİ룬˵ִ˵òīо綾ڵĵطҲӦñȽأ壬˺Ϳʦһжɡ
峤Ҫ㡣
壬̫Σˣܶ£һĶҲκβңǣȫԪ֧ţҪԪþΣˣԣǸſʦߣȽϰȫСİ˵»شֵ
Сİ˵ôǰԳһϹ˵ֹӣչ˺峤嶨л
˵ͷ
СİϣȻż˱Ķ飻ʵԿ˵пܣǲСİȥðյģһ壬峤ΣڵϦСİһʲôʧҪһҡ
ǣСİľȸ֮ģֹˣֻһ󣬴űӣǰ
֮󣬾ʣ³ˣֻܣܻɫâֵЩֿ֣˿Щݣһ˼ջǷˡ
һޣҪߣȴ
˭Сİȵȴ߳һú·ӶýֻʣӵˣЦ˵ϵıܶ½
롣
Ҿɱǣٶıܶ¡˵ţϺȵ֡
һں˵ǰ£ǺȻ壬׳һһȴһѩ˿ر󣬽ܸסˡ
ܷţȴѲǺֵܣҲǺñѲ˵ģ˿
𣡡
ŭţڱ󣬿˿ûһϵģεı˿ܵǺֹЦץסһ˿ߣһק˿øң˿ȼðɫ档
ܶ£ٰǸС£һ򡭡
ܣˣСζ󺰵źȣʲôˣ
С椣Ұץȥ֪ˡޱȣѾǿ
ζҪνȥϽ󣬶󣬳һһȥ˵ʶ㡣
һ㶣ôʶң
ʶ۾ϣվڶƫƧĽ
۾һɱ⣬Сӣ
Ҳϣǽ˱ܶ¸㣬Ҳɱǰɡ
ΪʲôأԽԽȤˡ
ѡʱ֣Ȼǹ˼ɱˡ
ֹЦЩˣɲǵģ˵ģһɱǣԣ׼𣿡
ɱҡ
ŶţһСС佫ҲǰţѾס㻹ʲôɱأ
ʲôɱﵣ㲻֪𣿡˵ڰмô죬˻ǣʹ˶βϣ˶˹ȵˣô᲻֪һʲôɱأ
Ͻһ˵ʱɱǸһݣЦСӣô֪Щģ
֪ģ֪ˡϵ˵һ㶣ŭҵĻСӣֻ֪·һ
СİԻҲ׹ô¶Ϊŭ㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪأ
Сӣ׹ҪңȻͱ
Ϊʲôһ壿
˹Цţûлش
ͻأһŭ𣬳˿޴ú˿ƲסôʱԾնؽնȥ
ӴĻԪ緢ֱ϶ȥϺᣬʽȻᶨƵն£۾һ˿ȣ˿ȡ£ȥ׼ȷ˵ؽ֪˵Ľ
ǸޱȵĿʽͻڿбУҷնڶʽؽΧɲǼ䣬Ϲһ˽ÿһն˿ͬһλϡ
˿Ľ⣬ʱһͣһʣؽ似
͹󣬺˾Ϳ˿Ȼնˣ󾪣
ܣαǣ˹ȥ


144 
˿նƣϣһο϶еؽͬ졣
ңղĽâղһ似Ʒ׿϶ܸߡ
ԣ˺Ǹؽ似ʡ
֪ǳԴģ
ܷŭһֻʱˣȻмΪǣϣܺȡ
Ҳûͣ£һԾٴն£˸о̺ŵľ޴ɫ䣬ˣֻ佫Ϊʩչ˿ֲ似
죬ʽ
ؽնһɲγɣոǷųŢ
ңʮնĿʽȻֻ˽Ԫĺ˰ƣֱϮ˺󱳣˼ԱȥǸտӣȴԱðһݣв֮У˲Ũ
ǣ˴һܻ棬ʵʻûģ
ˣײ˺󱳣ҲһѪͣԾնȻʧڳϵǰ
ϲû׷ȥһն£Ѿô˴˱仯ǰÿȴȻӲؽһΪ̤ԱߣпܾݽĽ֡
̺ž綾Ţڷɣϵһʱ䣬ܣ˵棬ȻԪָ˷֡
лԪָЩȻʴ
ǣϵüͷȴţղ׷ȥ˵ζ⣬һ˶мһȡʤʹžСɡܵģҪ֮˵Ĺ̫࣬пɡ
ˣҪǸٻҲ£ⶾžԵƣ
ֻǣ뵽˰мôãȴЩóɻǣмΪԭͲýֱӽСİ˻ɱƫƫȴôֶΣǻǣǶβϣϢ͸¶˹ȵġ
ѵ˵ˣǰмˣ浽ʲôʣͷСİ˵Сİǻ壬ʲôҪĶ𣿡
Сİ˰죬ҡҡͷȴ˵Ҹ׵ĲҲΣҸ׵壬һ׳ȴͻȻ֮زԲڴ
㸸׶ˣ˭󣿡
Сİ붼û룬ֱ˵ϣѵһУΪ
ϲ׻ľ˵ʲôζһԲ쿴ܲûʲôˣȻ˵ҿˣ⣬˵ıʲô¶أǶ˹ȣӰɢʲôŵģЩһ֣֪ʲôö
ԣһݣâ˲ƽ˵Ҳ̰ɡ
һ߶Ϊصķȥ
ͬʱ˵˶ΧţСӣܹŹ֣øϽ汨ڶһͻ
ͷû꣬һ߳ǰһӣо˷ѹֱϢĸоɫ󺧣оǰһֻһ㡣
ʲôˣ˵
û˵֪϶ӲȥһݣԱˣ
䣡
мԱӴԪɲʱըһ󶴣ΧľҲը٣ҲըûһƬУȴһӰ춼ûУֻǰߵĶͷ
Զǧ֮ɣѾ֪ӵ£Ŀǰ״һϣݡ˵֪
ϴһȥμӽᣬɵһڣҪߴ·̣Ϊδûȥһڡ
һ·׷ȥȴûҵζһϢʱŻԼ׷·ɻתѾֻܼǰ׷ȥ
϶ԽԽأŮûϢȻһȴܸ˲ȫĸоΪˣ϶ѾˣȥҿصԪʯڴˣȻƽƽ϶ľ
Уڵ˾ͽİʮˣҲĴ֮£ǰһڡ
ų壬ڴ󺣵İ֮£ƴȫڻǰһڲμӽʸ
ϹңϹܿһαѵؼҹȥһڣ
ڵģһɽһСŮ̶ߣֳһͣظһţ裬һҳȺˣΪǱ𡣡
ǴڵĵطŨˣȻ˵ţ


145 Ѫս
ԽԽŨԽΣա
СİӿָжɣҪûгϣ߲ôԶȻȻûпīӵټ㻹ϣ
ʱʱ͹ȥŨŨΣϽӵ˷ӿذΧ
ͻȻʱ಻֪СޣҪ˶ʱ䣬ЩСޣ̱أ켴ӱḯãֻ¼ɭ׵Ĺͷ
УܴģҪôӴƤҪôģª޶ȫ޵Ĵڡ
Щޣ㱻֣ҲʱʱһпѪȵزɱЩɱܼˣӶɲ
ζýζֱóֹȻΪСħŮĳƺš
һ·ʱ̾ЩͻȻðޣνǲһ㶼ҺһСľͱ޵УԪָȻǿҲܵĴڡ
䣬ֿ˺Щݣⶾ˼˵һ˽¾õ
ҲΪˣݡ
һɭѰ죬Ȼûпīӵټ佫µԪʯ൱ټϸֵҩṩ˳ԪŵǼǰ
һʱ֣ɢζ˵þûԹˣЩ޵϶ܺóԡ
ζ˵⻰õܵͬǿ˶Դ¸Ƶȴǿþˡ
ȳȥˣٿԡ˵СİҲЦ˵ִС㵽˻壬ǳԿȫ򣬿ȫ
пȫ𣿡
Сİһ㶣˵Ӧòɡ
ζ
ͻأһ΢ĺԶ
ζ˵Щɱˣӣȥɡ
룬Ŀоһ˵ǱǶŨ֮أȥԣǣҶһɲܶԸġ
ζͷһĵطȥ
ĿĵأסǲͷڲһȺڲһʮֻѪƵľһͬʮֻŽݵ衭
Ӫޣ۾׹Ѫ⣬ҫŴ۵⣬Ѫ˴ĿģƬɢŨѪζ
һĻζסˣֱ˵ӣǿߣ뿪ҪǱǷˣǿɾͳǵĿˡ
ζ˵ʵЩѪƾͽ裬ҪǽעڳϣγŻԪָҲӲ̽е³
ܸתִȣڲţƴʱԿͷɵ˾⡣
ȴûжʮɽϰͷްΧĳϣǰ״һⲻɣ۾Ѫƾ뽣мһͻλ
ͻλϣһ궹ԸһСĴڣƮżƬ̵Ҷӣ֦ͷϣīīڵĹʵڡ
Сİֲʲôʵ
Сİæһ¶ϲЦݣīӣǾīӣĪϸҵһģһīӣҸ׵Ĳоˡ
Сİ־ϲ֮С
ϲӣСİĬˣīӵҵˣΧīΧЩһɲô׶Ըġ
ѵֻܷ𣿡СİһƬɬ
Ͻüͷ˵˵һߣܾ֮Ҳǻлᡣ
Ҳֻôˡζ˵
Сİֿ˵ִ磬˴۳벻ɣֻҪСİţִвǴһüͷ
ҺȹľơҲϵ˵һ䣬ˣһûҶӵĴ棬ǰһһ
ͷѪƾȻһʹܳͬʱǰͷϣٽקȥٶ֮죬Ϊ֮ľ
ѪˮĽǹһֻѪƾȴʮֻڼ䲻ĵơ
ǱߵĽͬ鱻׽Ȼݣһ˹ȥѪƾֻֿǰ棬Ѫƾֻ˷ӵʱ䣬ֻȥ
ѪȵƴɱһĻóϵ˴ΪĺѪƾжȣһ㣬мıв裻ʲôҲˣǷݣ˺ҧ
ӴŢ춼ǣѪڽѪڷɡ
һޣ˫۾һתת
ζﻹţʹƴȫǾ֮ˡ


146 ս
޻Ѫս
ϵĿ⣬û뿪ǴûʹһԪչĲɱ︡һͷ½˵ֻԪ߼ǰѪƾǽ裬ֻһҲᱻҧ÷ɣ
࣬Ҳһ֣ǰħޣǴҲר޴Ҳһ
ͷڳһ֣ǻ֮ȥ˼£ʲô״˵м𣿡
˼ţѪƾ뽣սȴӽβ
ѪƾȽսƻ͵ӣץһͷȺ֮ŽױѪƾҲ˲صĴۡ
󣬽ʣֻ裬ֻߡ
ѪƾֻΪʤߣڷʤĹʵڴڵسŽ⣬ͬ⡣
̫ˡζ̾š
ﾺ棻ǿʳ磬ֺγǣ
Լͬⶼԡ
ޡ
⵹Ҳǣӣ˵ǵĿī𣿡
֪
СİѾţЩѪƾԱ뿪Ȼȥժīӡ
ֻһЩȻĴڣֻʣһ߾ʬǣƬ
ѪƾԱˡ
ȻСİû顣
ͷѪƾȴû뿪ԲԲ۾ӣīӣ۾ų̰Ĺâ
ҲīӣīӿǾ綾Щޣ±ˣζ
ϻصҪܱˡ
ӣҷԽԽˡζ˵ţȳϳֵٴҲֻҵĴӡ
֪ģζҵĴӡĸҧúء
Ͽζζ¶֮ɫŭҸϽ취ժīӡ
Ŷ
ϽעͷѪƾϣǲ£Ҳ壻ֻǣǸЩ鷳Ҫȥ
˼϶˵סˣ
ֱͷ
ϿܣͻЩǸε֮˵һֱʹ뵽ּһ䣬ҿԡ
ԣܵԴøǻˡ
ӡζ˵ʲôֻ˵Сĵ㣬ҪΣգҿʲôܣһЩޱġ
İɡ
ִ磬ҡСİͷѪƾʮֵա
ûѻ˵꣬óؽ룬ַ˻ȥǰȥ
ߣ淽ͷѪƾ˳ϣſѪڣ¶ǰɭɭݣһԾ
ȻһͷѪƾıϣͷѪƾҪѹ£ǳβһž綾ࡣ
ϧЩ綾Ѫڵľ綾˲٣ԳϸЧ
ѪƾӣһͷѪƾϣеޱȵض׼ͷ¡
īɫİۼף͵סķһû룬һŨѪζѪ˳ѪƾܴһȻûȴܲʹȻһԾ𡭡
ٴ׼ԾīӵԱߣīӾߣȻڳԾʱͷѪƾԾſ죬Գγ˺Χ֮ơ
״ֻ÷дãȰѪƾʰ˵
ҧңҪѪԲңƾǣ𣿡£ϵѪƾĶһнյǰֺ̣׼ش̽˶ֻѪƾѪֱӴ͸򦡣
ţѸתһһգһֵĳϣٶȰγ˫ŷǰ˸ͷ˵ѪƾϿգѹصز¡
ϵֻţǧ£ѪƾʱȵݽϣٴνԾڿУһֻעۺȣһֻѪƾĸɨȥ
ֻѪƾɨɵһߡ
һϵеĶգ֮ɣǰϴͷѪƾʹطţϲȽѪƾûи߷ɵѪƾҪһʱ
ԵģֻʣһͷѪƾ
ʱ򣡡ϳīӷȥ
ʣµͷѪƾͬ飬ˣ˿ƺϵĿģȻٹϣһԾīȥ


147 Ʒ
Ѫƾֲ֪˶õޣֱϣīӹȥ
ѪƾóѣǰһѪȫ׷ѣ
īӣɲǶޣضУɼ
пֻܾһ꣬ˣûˡ
ûīӣСİͲܾȻ׵Σ
ԣϵȻѪƾóѣ
۾â
ǧһ֮ʡ
ؽ֡
սؽûʲô似ҷն似ֻǼеѪƾɨȥ
Ǻīӽвһ֮ѪƾؽֱķˣĵƤѪĴɡ
ͬʱζںһӣСģ
ϽѪƾķˣԼȴû㣬ܸղŵķƮȥȥ
ֶĻµʱ򣬳һƬѪġǾ綾ǡãǰóϲȽͷѪƾڳԱߡ
ͷѪƾû˲òǿ
˼棬ۺ졣
ͷѪƾſ죬ֱҧ£
Σڴˣʼϴͷڷ跢Ѫƾ쭵عֽţӴӣԾУųϺݺ¡
ѪƾĴڣ綾ҲĴڣǣϵڲͣݣ
ϲ¶Ҫݽܳϵжǿʮϸ죬ⶼУܴ죬ܴʮ
ң֪󵽵ж
ȥǾֻ·һ
ζų˳ǼʽҪѪƾһߵͣҪƴСİҲ˳ΣִͲᡭ
Ҳ˴ӣ
ʱϴһȣչ˺Լеģ
˺֪Ǿȫæ޼£Ķɲܳܵġ
ڳϺСͬʱϵֻ֣ȻֱֻҧѪƾץǷޱȵϣ
Ѫƾԥһҧ£ѸؽѪƾĴ
ʱѪƾҲҧͷϵѪƾҪץסǷݣԼ˦Ѫƾıϡ
ѪƾҲ䱳ͣƬֱ̣ڽţԾն۽Ԫؽ֮ϣʽն£ֱնֻҪҳϵѪƾ
飡
˶ѪƾͷնһĽۣһ˲䣬ѪƾͷȻը
ըѪƾסˣԶǱһȭɵѪƾҲڵûмǰ
ô˻ᣬīӴ˻ڿУֽī𣬺ڣһƬʪûзѶ󹦷򣬱㽫īӰ˳ϵһε
ԶСİִеִ磬ֱȥīӣо綾
ϹʼʩһץסѪƾβ䱳ԾԾǻʵĴϣζ˺ȵߡ
һޣϽѰ˸ȥ滹Ѫƾֽ
һ˽ʱ˲ͣͬʱ˿ܣʱûз޵ĴڣҲһζ˵ӣղӰ̫ˣЩѪƾ
ζĻû˵꣬ͰעīϣӣԭīӾͳģ
СİȴʮСĵ˵ִ磬ûиоʣ
ûСҡҡͷ
СİǲţٴͷΣȫҲѪҺȶ
԰
Сİ۾𾪣ſˮ˵Ҳ˵ûжīӵĶûã
һЦӦǰɡ
⻰СİǱŵúܴ۾죬ȴ֪˵ʲôá
ζȴе㷢յؿųϣţϵܺܶӣȻңߡţζһ죬һὫϵܣھꡣ
ϴ˳Ĭ˵СİīʲôƷ׵ģ
Сİɲȥã˵ִ磬㿴īм֣м֣ʹǼƷ
֡
ƷСİȻƷĲ϶оˡ
Цˣ׼Сİöīװȴһ̧ͷһɫʱ䡭


148 ӣ¾ս
һһһһ˾ľ
ϵ̧ͷȥֻкѹѹһƬӦǻһƬ
ȫͬһûʶӥȴӥҪëǻģǻģ۾צӵȵȣȫǻģôһȺȶſ죬ͨʹӳðһһ֮䣬һŻƾɣԼٶȳһȺ˷˹
ҪǣЩɫΪɫ
ֻתۼĹЩȭͷСĻͽϼڣɫȫǰҶ·
ɵأϽīһԶȫӽָԪָĴָ֮ϣԪɫǰ֮ʱ˹Ȧ
ӣʲô񣿡ȻȦס˾󲿷ֻѣǣʣµһ֣Ҳ㹻ζľսˡ
֪ڻصЩͣȶų򣬿һһɫӿĴ˿˵һұܣܽȥ
˭Ҳ֪ЩΪʲôǣףѪƾЩ뷨֮һ񣬹֮ͣΨһ뷨ӡ
òӣչֻԾУڿзУеĹԻ񶼼ã
ȻԪָܵסЩĹǣֵܵʱأ
Ĺ಻ϣһֹͣƶûС
ԽͣԪָҪԪҲԽ࣬ȽϵԪĸɾʱֻɹ׸ˡ
˵ҲҽеԪʯĸɾǻû߳û˻ԪָζСİΣϵҲʹӡ
ԣֻܶ㿪Щܽ
Ǽܣں׷ܵģȻܲϷɵģЩ񲻽ɫ򹥻ǸŷצӣҪһץߡ
ǳлԪָЩ͵óˡ
Ի⹥Ѿ̲ס޺ûһ㶡
һ֮󣬻̵ֱöĤʹ󣬸Ļ񸩳ȫ׼ܡ
ղܵΪ϶ˡ
ܣʲô𣬽ûóˡζŭǵصĹѾζзţЩħޣôҲװɣ׵ħޣȺӣ󡭡
ܣСİץߣܿһ㡣Ҳζ˱ܣһãһܣһṩԪֿĹ
һã˸ʣҲܹ
֮ʣǸղŻУóϸоʹ϶ʹ൱У
˿̵Ͳ˼ȥԣͷڳϵԺһ
ֽǰ񻹽׷ţɫ򷴶ԽԽܼԽԽ
ϸ֪ԪٶԽԽ졣
һֱǳȺͣûмҲҲ֪Ӳǵ
աζؿڣСİһȺгһһҪصӡ
𣡡
ִңһ˲䱩ǵ
ܣںʲô𣿡ζòԾ˳ܵĿ⣬תȥֻһȻĹ˶ԴͷʨӣȴֲʨӣһԴʽɫһԴˮɫ
ǼħޣζŴˡ
Ѿһ絽ǰ棬ǰֻħޣƷ׿϶ܸовģôҲ߽ˡ
ľ϶˫ͷʨ޵ĵ̣ƶ
˿ֱֻֻ̣˫ͷʨޣܣĵϣѵĸʲ󣻶棬Щ񣬻ףЩû׷Ҳ֪ľſֲĴڡ
ŭţվǰ档
˫ͷʨޣҲʼ켴һԾͬʱ³˶һӲӵĵâܵؿڲλһˮܵ
ͬʱ˫ͷʨǷצӣֱܵ˫ȥ
ȫСУһһ˫ͷʨ޽еעȫϣȻûнһߵ˷
ŭҲɢɫâͬʱ۾ֻƣ˫ͷʨȥ
ϣҲˡ
֣ӳ˫ͷʨ޵ĸȥ


149 Ѫս˫ͷʨ
ϳ˫ͷʨ޸ʱظоΣգС۾Ȼ˳һۣ׹⡣
ң˫ͷʨޣתǿŽɫԴâֱɳ϶
Էһ˻ԪָͬʱӸص˫ͷʨ޵ĸ£˫ֱֽȥ
˫ͷʨŰɫۼףν̣ͻ˲٣ۼףʨѪɽ
ϲûнضߣһȣԪסȥҪ˫ͷʨƶǣ
˫ͷʨ޿϶ûȻᱻˣҵʹ˫ͷʨֱӱŭȻȥ˶ܵĹǷצӣ̽ȥҪ˺ѡ
ʱܵ£޴ֱ˫ͷʨķɣ
˫ͷʨȴǽֻǰצס˳ϣϴһɵԶͬʱſڣҧȥϵ£¡
ܽ˫ͷʨķɣûٳȥΪ˫ͷʨǰ³ˮܸо۾ʹ
ӡζ˺غţ˿̣ӿĺڣڲýƭڲýԨɭ֣ⶾ󣻺ʵﲻæ׸
СİҲһĽֻϣȴǲȥѾ˫ͷʨޣڵŤ
ζ뽣ҪȥȴϵĴҪ
ߺţڽ˳ֱ˫ͷʨǿŽɫԴȥ˫ͷʨ޵ĸѾһĿӡ
ܣȥӵæܣȥԺԶٿҶ㡭ζţŬʹѵۣǰȥ
˫ͷʨѾڿŭ״̬ϵѪʹȫǷצӣȴ಻ϵһֻ죬ͬˣҧȥ
͸˫ͷʨ뱩񾳵أۼǸѪͷ˫ͷʨ޹ϵؽӵһߣȻ¹âˮâϡ
һƴɱĹöȻֵԪֵܵʵĻԪָ
˷óϿԺ޹˼ɵؽٽ
κΣǰһ׷˴󲿷ֵԪ˿һҵĲɱϵڸԵԪĸɾ
ûԪṩĻԪָ޹⡣
ǺЩâˮâȫʵʵغڳϡ
ʱϾͱһѪˣѪ
˵˫ͷʨޣǸ˴͸˺ãҧѾе־壬׼ܣɼȫѪĻ档
Ĵ۾˲ųĹʣԴϵıӣᶯһ£ƺŵѪζ
ǰ۾΢ۿۣ˫ͷʨȴܣһƹֱϣĸͣʳѪ˫ͷʨ޸һױ
ϸϽƷԪʯԪҽؽһֻУ׼ʱ
һߣСİϵֻˡֱ˫ͷʨޡ
ֻŻɳȥСİѪϻһѪۣ
ֻȫ˫ͷʨޣϧûһֻȥȫǺصۼף˿ȥ
˭ҪǸô˫ͷʨޣ϶ὫˣҧѪģڣ˫ͷʨתͷȥСİһ۵˼ûУֱϳȥ
վתܿ㽫ƷԪʯԪһա
ض˫ͷʨޣؽתçɽھŲ㣬״̬עؽ֮Уſʽ似ǰԹζûгɹһΣעһ
죬ʽ
עһУϲеոյԪȫתΪԪձ¡
ɲʱؽĽֹŽ⣬Юƣն˫ͷʨޡ
˫ͷʨǺصƤǿҵΣոУӿͷˣıӶ˶۾͸̰ĹâˣһȥҪϵؽȻϷ
ǣؽĹһ˫ͷʨ޸оƱˣ㲻ױ֮£˫ͷʨŵ˶ޱȣ³ĵâˮâɫŨۣһ˺ü϶Թ
¡һؽЩâˮâһһնȻѾ˲٣ؽǺݺնȥֱնǽɫԴϡ
ۣ
˫ͷʨ޵ĽɫԴֱӱնҲն÷Զ
𡭡

ϵؽٴθ߸߾𡭡


150 ߳
ǿŽӲӵԴӿѪ
˫ͷʨޣѾǵͷʨˡ
ʨޱͷſһߣ۾һŸ˲֪µԴ˿ȴԶ屻Χ
תͷʨ޿ԴˣһѪһһ
ǹɺ⣬˲ת˿־壬ɪɪ
Ҳڴ粽
𡭡
ʨһתȥһ·ܣһ̲ѪǻȥĻ񣬿ߵĹʨޣͻؼһɢȥ
ڣ߸߾ؽĳϣ͵һͷȥ
ӡζȥ
۹ɢղһֱŲȹʨ֮ܿ󣬾һɣųŲסȥ
ղһǿ󡣡ԺлŸղŻʽÿһϸڣʩչʽϱûʮֵİգǸʱòƴһҵʽȫȻûг͵ʩչ˳ʽȣֻһ̨׵⡣
ߣǽԪһͬʩչȻ˴Чǿ棬໥ӦظоתŵԪͬʱ֮ʱеһУ͵ÿտҲȫݽߣҲǵ˿̵صҪԭ
һԲɺӵأؽ
˲֪ĺɫʯͷֱɫաؽʲôƷʵģ˿ֻ֪ڣؽѾ˲٣ҪǵĻûаɫ棬ǱȰɫߵĻڣؽֻƷҲֱ½һ
ζι˵ҩҩӣϵľ˲٣һȡԪʯ֣ȡԪ
ζһжðҲû޳û֪˫ͷʨ޵ͷܴĵ̣ޱ㲻š
ϱĿһȡԪһˡľ
ľԪڵԭӲľҲлԣƺױƻ
ľƪʲôһֱľʧȥĵƪİǳ
ų˼ĳϣζԼ˵ٳΪ׸һܡζҲСİҲһԻָԪԱߡ
ҹĻ٣֣ϴ߶˻Ԫָһϸ뿪
һҹһҹػһҹ˼
ô磬˵ζСİʱ䣬뿪ⶾ󡣡

ޣ̫̫ˣһСģǾͳǵʳСİ˵ţָǿŽɫԴ˵ô죿
ʳ֣Ȼ˫ͷʨʱ¶̰۹⣬˫ͷʨųѪζˣ
ţɫԴȥóɫԴȥѪ󣬷һŽɫӣʵʲô
ζüͷƺ֪˰ҲûȻת˵ܣûӣ
⻰һȫͣҡͷ֪˼ǲ֪ûС
ҲֱӽɫӷŽָīȡ˳ݸСİСİ۾мϲĹâȡˮУһīӡ
īӣа֮ǰԼСİֻҪһԹϣ϶һСİСİҪܾ˵һԷһҲīӡ
ˣСİֻ£û˵л֮ĻȴǶӿȪ౨־
պīӣʵĸߣ
ζҡͷҶ·ˣСİƤͼҲֻаԨĸòͼƤ棬һĴڡ
ϻЩߵĴ·˻ȥǸܵ飬֮˵Ǽǰߡ
һޣֿʼڶег̡
һأǵ˲٣һ·ûϴޣһЩƷ׽ϵ͵ħޣնɱȡںˣٿ⡣
ѪƾѪս֮ǰ˵Ҫܿ⣬Щȡħ⣬඼ܵĶӣÿÿħޣֻ۷Ź⡭
ΣյһΣһȺһĳСħޣӰȥ٣ϲСıҧһ£һʹϣϴƵߣϺɣһȺΧס϶ὫһĴڡ
죬ڳ˶󣬴ʱϴָǺڳԺԪʯҲ˽һ롣
ɸ߳ǣϷըɱԼһĴ


151 

Ľк˵һʱ뵽Ǹ׹֣챦Ϣ
ζСİ˶ȥϣҪóϾҪҪȥʲô챦մ֣ϾЩˣʵǱһӡ
룬˵ڰ
áζȸԾ
һħɱķȥһ·ǱУƴɱص㣬һϿȵ״ò
ԸߴһŹľԵĵطƴɱ۵ס
Ͽɫâȥ似ѤöˣȴѪޱȣѪĴɽ
Զͱ룬ڱȳǻҪߵλãһڣ˶ڳȥȻȴûһܳ嵽ڴ
ΪڳڻɱƴΧȫɱȫͱڣϿˣͱϵûʱҲȥᡣ
һĳҪʱϿﱾƴƴľУȫ˹ȥ
һӷѾǧ࣬ԱߵˣȫϿ׼һܽʱҫŻɫɫɫĵ⽣âһ˲佫˵ӱ˺üʮ顣
ΪʳΪϿͨ򶴿ڵһͱڣǱѪϴˢһ֪жͨ򶴿ڵ·ϣǸڣǱڵˡ
ʦ塣СİָŶ˵
Ͽȥֻվ붴ڵԶӣ챻ǸĦګҲ䣬ӣڶˣƴɱУ˸ɵˡ
ζɻǲᱦ𣿡
΢һüҪ˵˭пܶᱦǶǱˡ
Ϊʲô
붴ںԶȴûйͬҲƴɱǣǵƴɱ̶һңǿ뱱ˣͲǱĶ֣ȴ֧סȻǱûȫһҲΪͬʱأʧ١Ƕƴɱòˣٷʱû˿ɵˡ
ϵһ飬ζ˵ţ˻ա
ʲôղյģΪǸϱ˵ţĿҲû뿪ƴɱ棬ر֮ƴɱǷȱġ
Ϊͽˣ˭֪ڶתôǻûȡ߱
ҲҲǲŷǸá
֪ʲôζ۾һת˵ӣҪǽȥ
ζôˣƾǵΪҪڳȥ϶ϴζ첻µزµͷ
ŶζҲûִҪȥҪ̫үүǱ϶̫үүˣˣǻǿһϷˣˣܲõСİǱĵӣ˵ܿһۣʲô
˽ţƴԽǲˣϿеˣԽԽ࣬佫Ϊ֮⣬佫ˣʣµĶΪߣҲΪ඼ȻˣǵƴɱȴѪȣɱԽԽо
˵϶Աһ뷨ûУǾǲܵģֻ֪ԼʵΪԣֻԶԶš
ҪлȡһŹϾǱ˭ҲӶ࣬˵ʱĻԪָȵȡ
׷ʵҲԼ临ǿĻᡣ
ȳϵĿ⣬һδǶɨʱԺͻرĳһ뷨ȻܴȥҪȥأ
뷨һ֣Ҳ֮ȥ
ƾǿ壬ټϻԪָӦֵܵסǵĵһʱҾͿԴܽȥߣסǵע⣬֪ȥ
ԽԽϲôǵעأ
˼ţϿľƣַ˱仯ΪҲʶ˱ļƻֱƻģһģŮӣ˵ĵӣǵǴĺ⡣
˻һƴһͣס֣ϾԽǿǳȻĴڣһɣ˭ҲҺӡ
⻰һǡڻǱˣ˵ڴʲô⣿ȥᱦʵʵһ㡭
ǶսǸˣᣬҪҴǵĻԣһɫâͻسĲӣʱ˱㱻˺Ѫ
Ӽǳ֣Ҳʣ˴
һЦҪ˭ǱǲǶƴòˣٳʰоְ
޲ǻ˺üʮ꣬ϰˣôһ㣬ﻹױʲô˼
һ˵ǲȽ˽ˣ˭
ãһͬӦ
Ȼ򱱳ĵӣΧ˹ȥ
ϵ۾ԽԽ


152 
ڣ˷򱱳Χȥ
Ÿ߼ΪУ߼佫һм
ӱռơ
ûһɫˣȻ˵λҪ뱱𣿿Ҫˣ
úǲͱԣҲܲͷϣ˵ǱԽؽϣҲһĴڣ˵죬˹ȾȡǶ֮һºӣ༥
˸պ˵˱ʹ˹޹ͳΪĳ裬ӣ޲һ̤ƽ˹ȡ
ǵɫҲúѿȵȻҪѰҾͳȫǣ
˭˭һأ
£ƴɱ𣬿һ䵶ӣʣ˲ɱһ߼佫ȴٶȣ˵㹻Զľ룬óֻϴ˼
ֻϣȼŻ档
ԪСһϺζСİ͵ԪƷûԪ߶ټ죬ʮ㡣
ǹʲô֣Ԫû
ζ⣬СİԴԺ˵ҵǬչƷԪҪǻ֮ǻ
˵Сİͻ˵ȥ¶һĵ֮ɫʵСİôˣ
أûˣѵҲȥ𣿡
Сİһ˵˲Сİ£ȴֲ֪˵ʲôСİҪȥϽץסҪȥ𣿡
ǰǡ
㰢īӻȥ
ôһȣСİſϣûаЦա
ʱϿһȣն
Կǣ䵶¹״Ļֱ֣նˣֱֻɫͻ䣬Ծ
ʱͬʱȳһ֣
ֻʱըˣǼ͹ȥ
ϣ治һǶ֡ţλʦλʦҲΪʵȴԱǸߵö࣬λʦҲֻһ֮ˡ
͵͵ȥɽᾪ𣿡ţǾòգʲôסǵעӦþûˡ
ϿܣͻؼܱǵעͬʱԼɽ£Ӧùɡ
ǣ첻˶Լһ𣬱˺׾ͻ뵽ҵϣԺ󻹲Ĵ׷ɱ𣿡üͷţᱦܺǺѰ죬ǻ֪Ǳʲô
ϿսѾ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣ΢ռϷ磬ѾֳһȥԸ߼佫
ǰԨ֣޼࡭ͻһƬҪȥһħ޹ⲻͽ𣿡
ӣʲô
ζСİǲǧȥһ취ϵ˵ţζϲСİڱ֮С
˵꣬ϻģߡ
ϽζСİܣ뿪ľԣߵԶεĵطȻ϶һԸֱͷ
ǵýħʹأĻصζǵİȫһԶٿ⣬У
ϺһȥħޣƵ棬ڵɽ嶥ȥ
Ͽսˣ֪ˣ˶ڵ⣬ǿǻȣλǾʹ˰֣ô֮£͵ûзҪǸλִԲ߳Խĵؽ磬ûôˣ
ñѹˣʲôʱ㱱ţ
ãҾλѪ
˵ŴţѾƵϿȱɽȥ
Ȼһͻأľʯϵɫʹ䣬ǰ棬жʮ׵ľ룬һˣҲɽ
ԭ˺Ҵһ⣬ʲôˣǺڶĺһ·𣿰û뵱̵ˣԺʱʣͬʱҲ͸СˣԪָϣԷһ
ʱţһȺɵɵƴȥ֪ȡߣ
Ѿɽ嶥ϣȴûȥڵʲô
Ȼжʮ׵ľ롣
ʱϿǱߴ޺ɫһϲξֱȥ


153 
𡭡
˷Զ
ЩУûϤ޺
ٿǺˣԺһ̣ͺԥȥ
еɻأƺԤϵһĻ˵ڵ޺Ĵ
ѵҲͬķʽȴϿЩ˵ע⣿ͷڳԺ֪ˣ
ûȥſɽ嶥ϣ¶Σһ뿴Ͽʲô׼ãȺһֲ
ȻڳС
޺ϿԽԽЩ˵ƴɱҲʱֹͣǽлӣҶǰ棬뿴׳ʲô£϶һƬء
ţһȺħޣָħޣгĻǣжβϣħ޵ûЩħ޵Ʒ׶ߣߵҲĽףǶħޡ
һȺħޣϿȳǵˣͷ˹ЩħȻƷһߣһֻֻǼʮֻǶǰмǧֻħޣرǶβһħޣܣûгϻԪָķڣԣЩ޴롣
ǿ˵ǵɱȺħޣнΣ
ãҲɵӣ֪ĿǰҪŽʱ
뱱ˣϱһΧԲ״ɱ¾ŽŰΧĸħޣǴԪģרŶԸȺβϣԪɱĽħޡ
һһ˰ţҲûзԣ¡
ϵüͷýֱȺħޣΣǸʹħ޵ɻ󣻿Ǿһµˣ˭õ֮ǰǻˣǵҪöԷء
ҲţЩȫŽᣬΪ̰
ȻϵͷһֳԪĸ߼佫ͱһСȺβϰΧȻ佫ҲĻԪĻԪԽβһɱټϣһߴ˽ϡ
һ佫һغˡ
Ͽ÷ߣǴģŽȥģ󣬴òŻɱŶ߽ȥġ
ţǸˣͻȻɽϣ׼ɽȥ
Ȼ˵ӻûվȣƴĳϣǧһ㣬ֱѹڵأһס˵죬ͬʱ͵ش̽˺˵
һ
û꣬Ͽٰγ˵ĲĨȥ
ٴѪ
õϲ̵ģȻڶһЩ鷳һֻιޣˣǣȴιɱȡ˱
ɹ߱£ǺΪɵʱȫûһͱʩչֶΣ˵ڵء
˵۾ֱ㶵صųϣͫȫ𾪣𾪣ͻȻϮִõ˷˺УԱһغˡ
ʵ뷴Ҳãڶ˵ɹƻԪָķ
벶ȸں󣬿ɻȸĺ棬ˡ
ϣˡ
˫Ŀ۾ͷֵ˿ڣһϴһԭˣټ͵ϮҪȻɱ÷Ѳٹ򡣡
ϲٸпȡĴָֽȫϸ֮󣬽Ѫź˵ʬ壬һܷ紦ۻԪʩżһѻ𽫺˵ʬ壬ճ˷ĩ
󣬳ٶȣζĵطȥ
ϿĻڽ޴սħԽԽ٣ϾЩħ޵ƷײߣԾŸɱǳŲ˶ʱ䡣
ǣħԽԽ٣ԽԽԣһͬɱħޡ⼸֣Ҳ׵֮⡣
ǰӵҲÿǰƣڣȴ̲á
ȻҪǱҪȡͱɱǰЩˡ
ǺԤ׵ؽ䵶á
ųһ佫ʧȥԶ̹
ȻͻĹôõգˡ
ôŭñɣ
ΪұӱΪղŵĶù𣿡֣Ȼ֣ͣȵ֣
Ǻеͽħޣս
Ƕ֪ͲڶѾԵˡȡߡ


154 ƣڵ
һ·ζ˵Ĳ֮ûг֣ûʧҲһԣȴɻ
û˵üȥǣϱǣһ·ǰ񱼣뿪Ͽȡ
ϿѪƴ
ڱͼħްΧʱ򣬱ʧȥһ佫ȴãˡ
һһȥȻ΢ռϷ硣
ɶȴЩһȴͻȻ֮䱻ϹɣҲ˳ȥȻԱ
һԱԲ˵м״ԣʩչеֶηӣȴȻˡ
һˣʣˣҲǱĶ֡
ǣǾʹ˷Ҳǲܵ顣
ԣʣ˲̫صһۣתͱϳȥ˿϶һ֮УѾĳЭ顣
˵Ȼ뿪һξ룬ȴҲûȫȻﻹĳϣôԶЩ
ǿɱȥһ˿ЦӴָóһѹʽɫֻ
׼Ӱ˸
ಣಣ
죬ֻһ㣬ҫõĹâ
оΣգͷһ󾪣
֪ǼҲ䣬Ȼ׼ˡ
󺧣˼ֻǵĺ󱳣һֻһŴ˳һֻȴײڵأƷײ͵ķǣҲ˼ѪϿȣֻߡ
ôһ֣ڳȫסת˵ٹ֮ʱ֮ͬ񣬸Ͻ֮ززˡ
ʦһƨǿ˿ԱĵӣЩȻ뵽˾񣬡ܶЩҲˡ
꣬Ǵһӣ˵ߣȥʲô
ʣӣû˸ţɵ̤Ѫͱڣ˶ڣ߽
Цݣޱȡ
һֻޣһƬ鲼·ģտҲ
ûʲôһĺۼ
˭˭˱Ƿŭˡ
һӣƬڲ˵ʦ壬ҸоǶ˹Ȳ֡
ԣüͷýֲǰûŶ˹ȵˣԭǲ˰Уǰħޣú֣϶Űɱħ޵ʱ򣬶˹ȡ˱
˹ȣƲǸоܱߣôӣȴһ񣬽ȥν
ڷŭţͬһʱ䣬ԨһڷŭţԼʱѾʱˣôûѵűˣ
ְʱȷŻűˣ۾⣬૵ұ֯֯׷ɱɣ
˸ϱ˺ڹ˻ҽȴҪ֯׷ɱǸ֯ǿ϶׷ɱźˡ
̣һˣȴϿкһξˡ
ȳ˵ͣϢˣζæʵӣʲô
ҡҡͷ
ӣûбɣζҡͷ뵽һȥǷô๦򣬻е˷
ǣҲ֪ʲôûп˵ţûлȥ̽ǿܣʵܣЩħ޲ϳģ
ܵͷֻƻͣرȻš
˵ȥʱЩħ޾Ѿӣˣ
һߵͷһ߷ڡ
ϵüͷúܽ켴Сİ˵СİСһ㣬ñػȥ͵͵ػȥ
СİҲ֪ͣӦ
ŽǸ˵Ĵָ˳Ķȫڵϡ
ϣвԪʯƷԪʯЩҩһĶȻ󣬾һƣһڲģһĶ
ʲôƣζƣϸ۲ţһ֣ͼħޣֲҲˣʲôͼ
ϽӹһҲû˵ҲƲֹһ飬кܶɣȴ˾ʲôˡ
˶ҲȥעעǸƻĺڵ档
ʲôζ΢΢üΪʲô˲õıȴһƣһźںĵ
СİΪȻζúڵ
ڵһӦûʹˡ
ףڵеְ
ζȡ˻뽣һնȥ뽣Ǻڵ¶Ҳû
ףôӲҵĻ뽣ƷȻնζѾľȣն˼£һĽ֣Գ˵ӣؽննԡ


155 ڵ
ֵƣֵĺڵ
ʲô֪ȴҲˣڵȻƷĻ뽣ն˿ۼ˴󾪡
ζҪ󣬳ϽؽУһն¡


ڵˡ
ζˣܶųϡ
ؽƷ׾Ծ뽣Ҫߣң棬޿ƥеġ
㣬ǺڵǺõòٺá
üͷһ˵ζСİÿһ¡
ʽ
һУ䡱һڵΧѾһӶɺڵһ𻵶ûС
ֶӲƱˡζ˵һɫĻ潫ڵΧ
ζһڴɫ
Լаʱ֮󣬳ϸоڻԪЩӦʱֹͣ˷ա
Ϩ𣬺ڵɣ˵ĸоǰˣڵ÷ۡ
϶Ǹȴ֪ʲôӣɡζȤת˵ܣȥǳԿ⡣
ֺֺǵܿˡ
Сİﵹļ٣֪⣬ٶȸϻȥܸϻȥҲоڿܳ⣻ǣڰԨ·һǵѡ˵ʵ䷴
ϵϵԪʯȣȫŽ˴ָ
˿̳ϵĴָжһʲƸ
ϲЦ˵ԺҪûǮˣޱ׬ǮҲÿ졣
ζæͷǣרŴٻˣһ˳㳢ŮĸоζŮΡ
ܻúܿ죬Ȼʮֻħޣкü޺ˣȫ˳ϡ
ܣ㵹ԽԽˡ
ζ˵ţϵͷӦʣʩչ롱ζ𣬿ʼ⡣
һ֮󣬿죬ζƮ˳һҪʦµĵóϣոоָɫ䣬ŵĿ⣬Ҳ˵ϡ
ӣôˣ
ϿЦãָؽۡơڵȵȣһѵĸƷԪʯ޺ˣܸϽ޺ˣȫûӰ֪ȥ
Ҫ˵ϸղǴ̣ڵ⵰ˡ
ϸһ۲죬ϷǺڵĹƺ˲٣б
һʣԺѵԪʯ޺ˣúڵˣ
뵽⣬Ͻڵȡ˳ڵϣζ˵ζһԪʯ޺ˣڵԱߡ
ζʣҲų˵ȥ
ϽźڵζںڵԱߵԪʯ޺ˣԹķʽʧˡ
ֶܳԪʯ޺ˣζҲޱȡ
ϽӹܳԣҴָԪʯ޺˶Թˡ
ζСİҲ֪ϴָԪʯ޺˵ζ֮ȴǸͣȡԪʯ޺ιڵڵ߲ܣȫ
ԽԽˣʼҲûڵԪʯѵǱչŪˣϳ˼ţźڵ͵ͻȻоڵһ¡
ζղſڵȴһ𣿡
ûаڵͦ档
Сİأ
Ҳû
ֽ֡סȴҲûƳڵɶ
ζҲ콫Ԫʯ޺ι⣬СİҲһ֮󣬺ڵ쳣ӦֻýڵŽָָտҲҲʲô
ֱڵ϶ƽǣĲƽȴ֪ҪԪʯ޺ˡ
ãԺֶһԪʯģҵ취׬ȡԪʯǡﶨ¼飬⡭
һҹʱ䣬ҴҶ
գֱСİڵĻ壬СİѾԮ֣һ֮Ҳ뿴ⰵЩʲôˣټСİһ·ѳѣӻȥһڲμӽᣬʱҲϿԣӦ
ϸоЩˣҲסΪǰˣǳģȻֱܲȥⰵУʲôڲš
һڰԨɲǰ߹һ·ϣֻҪܴùɱħޣȫ£ȡ޺ˡ
Ȼ޺ָڵˡ
һЩ߽ħޣϵ˱֮
ɱȡħ֮䣬Ҳѵ似ʽҹ˾ʱҲԽѵںϳһ似ȴûгɹ
ȴûз
һ·ɱȡħޣһ·һ·似ʮ֮߳˰Ԩ֣վһɽ壬СİָԶ˵ɽǵˡ


156 һ⻪
ı꣬ҹ˾ʱ򣬺Ȼ٣
ʱˣСİ˵ɽϣһɽܽ䲻ʮǧȴҲǧ֮⡣
ûҹ·ͣһò֮¡
ζѾų˯ţҲǳԵñĳ˯ȥСİȴĵĵǣ֪ʲô״Ҳ֪ˣЩСİһ˯Ҳޡ
֮£ȻˮԪţԺðһͷҪÿͬʱԪǸöá
ͷȻһȴڳĺۼ
겻ͣ£֮С
ͻȻﴫ΢ءɳɳɳ亮⣬ȵʲô˹ģ
СİվңζҲܸһڳԡ
ӣʲô£
ϻûüش𣬱ХȻƿն
ಣಣಡ
ٵ˸Žļʸֱһڡ
ԷкҲ򣬾ֱɱ֣
ؽԾնؽһӣһĿ۵ʮֻʸնϣؽ£ļʸȫնڵء
ܣס棡ζСİм䡣
Σζջ뽣Сİŭȵǵʲôˣǻ塭
Сİ˵꣬ǱʸһصſռʸǰҪ࣬Ҫ͡
ϼؽţ϶˾䣡Щˣ㲻ǻ֮ˣҲԽˣҲֻԽ壬ҳôԼΪߣʹЩٶ˵϶Ǹ߼ʦľ磬дʦߣ佫˵佫ߵˣڰУȴһ
ż飬ʸҹлһ貵Ĺâӹâ˳ĸо
һȣң
żǰβһٶȸ죬ϴϻԪָȴûмԪָķΪϣûԪʯħ޾ˣԲԪԪָķҪÿһؼʱ̡
ǰľƣʹҷնڶʽ

ײڶ
Ǳ߼ʸϣ಻֮ƣ
֮УһһѤõļ⣬С
ֻٶȲر졣
ǣǷ֮ʱȴԽԽҫ۶ĿĹâļʸâȫȻʧɫ
һֻȻ֮
Ȼˣ
һߣһ֣оֻԽԽԽԽ۵ļ̺ŵĪܣһҷնڶʽʩչøΪ٣Ҫʸն䡣
ֻϽ֮ңϴȣ죬ʽ
Ԫעؽ֮ϣؽĽϣҲҫ۵Ĺ⻪ɢӰֱֻնȥ
ۿֻҪؽײһ
ȴȻ䡱һ죡
ֻȻҪײؽһɲǣը
ըøȣŵı꣬Ǿʹǵϴܣ
׵壬ΪζСİûж㿪ֱӳסǹɱը
ؿشһǣӲͦס
Ȼֻڴˡ
ʸը󣬾ȻѣΪʮֻ̲һ΢ϸɲǼ仯Ϊϸܼ꣬ÿһֻСӣ
ɫԥؼԪָһȦ⻪ֱסһӴȦȫڵء
ͬʱҲоԪġ
һûмЧǱߴסؾҵһ⻪ȻûмЧǵķȻ
˵ţüͷ壬ϧͻ±꣬׼ҼȴŲóʹҼɱѾؽ͡
ô䣬˴ȵ֪λˣɷ֪
ûлشСİ˵СİղֻּûмܲƲǵʲôˣ
Сİҡҡͷ
Ǳ߼ûлشּ˵ˣɱˣǾͲΪ㣬뿪ңϣӦ֪˵ˣ˭ɣ
ϳĬţȻ֪Է˵˭ǣôȡСİ˼ƳǰƣԷԶ̹ԼߣֻǱ
ȳ취Ǹǲɱˣɾͱǲˣ
һȺ󱲣


157 ĸ
һȺ󱲣϶Ȼ
ɫҲסȴЦǽ
֣
һ£Ǳߵļʸǵ
һʹؽնϼʸһʵСİļʸһ伸ֻ
һ£ʦʮֻңʦʮֻҡСİ˵˼ţ˭Ҫء
һ£ţĿǰ״Ͳһ֪ǵжˣ֣Ԫģȴʵܿ졣
ҪӸҪЩ֮ˣһһɱǣȴ뿪ΪɱЩ˻Ѷһ࣬뿪˵ء
Щڱ֮ҹϮɱֶӦòֹһ㣬뿪ˣɱиζǵĴΣˡ
ͻȻһֱ˵ĸоǿңһζܣѱеδܸС
һ˫Ȼһ˿˵ı亮⣬ִܸУɱ۾ʸҪҳֻ
ȻĽǧֻȴûʲô쳣
ɳϸҿ϶һֻҪȡ
ڵԪתϧؽԪͽԪָԼģ侲ĵλ״֮£ϸоתٶȣƽʱ١
ɲǼ䣬ǧֻУһֻһ£գһ̶ָֻۣԭ
һ˲ϲ׽Уȴֻ󣬳ϾҲҲֻټ
ǣǹΣյĸоȴԽԽǿҡ
Զһĸ˱棡
һ䣬һֻͻأأ˲ư㣬ڳǰֱš
ͬʱܷһŭ
ȻɱУϴ˿̣ϾȥɱУֻܳסһʱ䡣
ֻǰ֮ʱǰֻӣûؽȥȴǸĵһ㣬۴Ӵָȡؿ֮ϡ
һжڵʯ֮䡣
һˮӴ˲佫֣ϻë׶ֹסѿʸδ壬Ǻ⣬ȴȫѪС
飡
ʸײڳϵؿ֮ϣǻԪָĹȦֻȻûƿȴǽȦǰѹ
䣡
ʸȻٴαըһεıըɽֱըѪӿȫԪңתӲͣһ˲䡣
һ˲䣬ԪָûԪȦȻһ
һ˲ʸ˵ʲô˺Ƕֻļһ˲Ѵ͸ʵʵڡϣ
ʸȻ͸ۣ̺ŵǿȴóϵֱȥǺһѪ
˵ˡçɽھŲĳϣǿСɽֻõضɽҡ
ûлԪָķֵû۵ɵĺͲɽҡɽ
ϱײɵ棬ζĻ뽣ֱЩʸСİҲ䵶ò͸磻ϸ쿴Լ˶صˣּսš
ΪѾٶ˸Χ
ڶʽ
ϳȥĺˣն룡
ѵصһʽ
ֱ˱ѿ
ҷնڶʽ
Χˣȫض
һɱʹǱѾȥѪȻ͵˳
ֻĵԪ̫࣬ڵתȻά֡
ʮˣϳ
ƼΪӡ
ǣϵ۾ȴ񣬸۵Ĳƾǣȡûôף
ؽôǧĴڣôƷױƷҪߵĴڣûйעԪܴɱķ
ɴɱķĴ۾ǣϵֱ½ɿʧ
Զһ˵û
һüͷ壬ܵסĸеķĪǳԽĴڣ
ֻ֪֪ͺɣ˻ص壬ǵļƻԤϵı
Ҹ߼ΪԾѪԪĸ㲻Ҫ϶Ҳˣһ⡣
á
һƿҩһԶȫˣĸȻܴ󣬵ǶԪҪ󣬶˺ҲС
һ߻ָԪһ˵ˣĻҪ
ǡ
¶Цݣ˵ڶֻڹϣ⹭¹⣬ûңʱһѪ죬ͷϸ顭
նͷ­ֱĸоǿӿͷ
ܣζСİ뿪Сİٶȣϻػ壡һȣؽǰ
ۡһ
һѪؽ֮ϡ


158 ҹɱ
ؽѪ
ƴһ
ζȴǲߣҪĴͬ
ȣߣһܣߣ
УϽŲɣҷնڶʽʩչΧ󲿷ֻӵŴʦ֮ˣһһնɱζɨ·
ֻʣ¼佫ڣҲҽ׷ȥ
£һѪˣ趯á
ͻȻ䣬ҹУǿǹ㣬һ֡
ϸղɱ˵Ѹֱʵ߷壬бҫâѸȼճ棬ս裡
ɣҾһսļôκεң
˵˼ֻʣս⡣
͸˿˶УһЦɣ
ϽǱĵòԪϧعעԪָڡ
һأϾؽնֻǹĽ֪ᱬ
䣡
ؽʸײһ𣬼̶ĸѣӼ䡣
ըˣֱȥѪӿͷӼĹֵȴؽǰӼײؽȴǴ͸ؽ
ǹӴȴųϲˣһؽ˹Ȧ޻ڵػڳؿ֮ϣ
ӿͷѪۡһ˳ؽ֮ϡ
ؽһ˿ԲĹؽͨĳϣȴǿ÷һȣն
£ؽԾٶȣһתȻնӼ֮ϣǴ֮˾ѪӼȻʹ˱ն룬Ӽͷʧȥ򣬵ڵء
Զִһȣˣ佫Ϊ𣿡
նӼȴûһҲû׷ζ뿪ķȥǣһ˫ս⣬ɱԶĵط
һٿ˳ȥ
ϱѡ񣬴ص·Ȼһ˳ģ
֣ЩɱһǻعԼζǣͽһֵϮɱһְɱ϶ңֶθࡣ
˾Ȼɱ˹˼Ҫߣǵûа취ȻԼҪǾ͹ֲñˣ˵˱ǰȰɱСİˣţԴԱֻĸֻĸһ߼ߣҲᱻȻŷţѾ˲᣻ңϵϢ佫ѣз챾£Σ
ּȻյ֣˿мȳԱ֮˵üͷȴԽԽ
ʸ챩ֱ꣬϶ȥȴȫؽնϡ
ּ֮ˣ
ʱԾնһԾԾȺϿգһɵ£ҪȡҾɱǣ
ʽ
ϽеԪһϣҪˣ˺ǵʿη֮ġ
һϽɱ¾ϼ֡
ؽܼĵطҹУؽӰ
䣡
Щճ䵶ļ֣ؽ֮£ɼأؽնΧ߳߷Χ֮ڵߣȫѪ
һ֮£߰ʮˣû˺
ԭǸˣ˿ҲǻȣеˣΧȥɱ˭ɱһƷ
һƷϴĽˣ
֮µ·ǣѱһ˵ƷĽ˼Ѫһηسɱȥ
˿̣ڵϣ˰Χ֮С
Ȼļƻ˿͸͸ƽˣ֮ˡ
Ԫӽڿݽߣ
ϻ޿ƥеǿؽ󿪴ϣῳȥЩ˾ٵ൲һֻ䵶ܵסؽķ
ؽֱն䵶նͷ­նϣ
ؽϵȭͷҲûпţһץסԱϮɱ֮ˣһȣ
ʱһꡱǶѣһʱڸ캰ɱ߼ʦߣԴǿ÷飬ǻ
ڷĵӰһƬƬըѿ
˾춯صһȭ˵һȭֱԱҪɱȥǣס˽Ų㶣־塭
ˣˣϿû㶣ףǰЩˣввǰ˵ˣЩ˵졣
ԣ֮ؽŰսѪˮһ
üͷ壬ʵ㻹һ𣿡


159 ˮ
㻹һ𣿡
ţݹȥһŵҩŵҩһ㵤ҩʺɫɫڵҩ棬תȻŵҩѰ
ĸˣûлشȴüͷһƬ֮󣬽ӹҩ̷ȥĿ
ϻڴɱķն棬ȭɽ
ȭͷÿһȭǧЩֻʦǳ佫ߣס
ǰľ棬ɱľ棬һɱһȺˣ
֮ˣ־¹ĹһֻĸֻͨĽ
ǣ֮ˣȴΪǿߣ֮ǲƽ
㣬ԭͨĽҲòͨ
ֱۺƣȻ֮⣡
ۣ
Ҳ³һѪڽϣʱȻ֮ҫһƬʺ֮ɫ
һأ쳣㣬ȫתؽԽԽأǧ
ಣ
ѪƿϮ
𣡡
һȣؽȻնڽѪϣ
Ѫ̺ŵӴܣֱóֱ۷飬˺һʹѪ
ϼģԾסȾ˺֮ʹҧأǰһؽִŵػն¡
ﭣ
һ죬ȴ
ֻֻմȾѪĽںԪڵء
ˣԶһĻ𾪣ŭģһѪ³ŵؿųϣȻ⽣նˣܣһ佫նõ
ʩˣҲޱ𾪣һ˿ԤУ֣︡Ȼնȥͷȵɱ
Ȼն˽Ҳ˲СĴۣΧЩûϮɱˣٻؽȻתš
ǴˮҪڳϵϣȻͷ­ָ֮ʱЩˮȴ䣬ڳͷһǰת
һĻ˴󾪡
Ҳ⾪澰ԺȻ綴УԼʩչⲿ仯ʹЩҲת
֮£ϲԾǬ֮ˮԪ
һϷԲųߵˮϷת
ңתķΧԽԽ㡣
ͬʱϸоڵˮԪţȫѪ⡢
һֺĸоǰδйĸоǰٲ棬һߵֵסһˮԪʱû˿졣
ôһ˲䣬ϸоؼˮ
ϧһûץסһ˿оȻջ񽫺ܴܴ
ҪǰЩȫǸ֮ˣʱѴڵƿ;֮أô˻Ὣɱָһ鷳
ˮԪϺԥأˮԪҲѹ״ת
һתӿڵˮԪǶ
ͷתŵΣҲ˵طϺתţתģǳԪͬתĺĵ㡣
ϱһУ֮ɱȥ
ѾסûмֵĻ棬֮˸ܵ˳ϵɱæȵסɱң
ɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㲻ɣˮԪĲ䣬ҲӣԪָٴα
СС佫ҲҲ񡣡ʩ˺ӴָһƽǽƵǵƹǹȴǸһɭĺ⡣
ȡһâֱš
һ֣Ͼߡ
ǣԲܲˣֱʹؽնȥ¶ЦţСӣ̫ˣȻдҵһɱУɲô򵥣ҪķܵΡ
âײڷȦ֮ϣ˲ɢؽնǰ
ټһӣƾճ֣һУûκԪֻǴļ似ûˮԪʹ似ԲˮԪʩչѵ似͸ǲܣΪˮ
뵽ˮ뵽ڱ֮ʱǿн𡢽˵˫ԣۺһ𣬱ʢ
һȥϸؽն£նץסĸ֣ٺˣһˡ
ȴԽսԽͣؽֱָ֮˵ǡ
ͻشһҺ
ȴһӺ͵Ϯϣ֪תˮ˲ͱʳ˷顭


160 ׷ɱ
˴͵Ϯʱ򣬳ġ
Ҳ׼齣ؿ
ϵã˾תˮʳм
һˣҲҴӱ͵Ϯϡ
ȴͷˮƽģȴȻᵽ˾磬ɱգ綴һ
ûмȥǰҪģɱˡ
ʩ˵ţ͵Ȼ޴棬Ϸ쭣˼ɽעؽǧȻܳܵġ
ˣֻӡ
ҧŲţ׷
һ̣ƴľٶȡ
ȻϧһɣѳˣһܣٶҲ½ټܸ鷳һ·
ֻϧΪǹˮУֱƲ
ϵٶȣõˮԪ䣬ȴˡ
գۼ䣬׷Ѿ·;ųϵһϰȫʵ÷顣
֮ľԽԽ
ڼңӰɣƴܰ㵲һһµЩ˵
סǰ滹ǵˣһӵóȥһɱСӡ
˿϶ǹˣٶܾˣ
ڼƣҪͻȻ±꣬ڵԲô⣬ͬʱﻹڵģ֪ǱߵˣСİɱûУûеĻٴôһȥ᲻ǵĴ
ô룬ڼܵٶȿһҲû£Ψ֮ƣǻ֮⣬
ԭڼһϮɱֻǵһԷһµڶΪڶòϣȴǳ˾
£
һȣձ졣
һԾֳؽһս
￴Ϸ۳â״һѽڼƵԶȡҹֻѪȥ
ͬʱһľȻ⣬һ˲䣬ȻԱ
䡣
Ա
ֻûƿϵ˫ϵؽնͷ֮ʱӺȻը
ըܣóϢһͣɫһƬ԰֮ɫˮҲ쳣ҡ
ӿѪҪѹԪǻҵˮܿϺתȥٶȣϵĴָǰѷͬһĹ׷ɱ
еڼըغ˳˭ڼģһҪ㸶һٱһ򱶵ĴۣҪɱ㣬Ҫ
ɱңûôףЦȵҾͿȡͷ
⻰ڼֱӱŭģŲһģˤڼԾڿУһƮʮɡ
ϼţһߣԾգһԾȴ쳣ǰԾøԶˣѵΪˮںתĹϵ
ڼԾʮΣȴԪģټԾȥֻһؼͬ๵ͨԪ١
ȻڼϧԪʩչԾ֮û˦ϣóϽø
ڼռƵһξ룬ˣξ룬ô򵥵ûˡ
ǰ治ԶζСİˣһ԰ףϵѪˮˢøɸɾ¶ɭ׹˿ڣܵǰαǣŭҲǼء
ǰ棬ʮˣ佫ΪߣʮˣŴСİ࣬ȴСİˡ
Сİɣſ
նܣıóѵģ·ϵĽֻ֣
նЦţΪ㻹峤ϾѾûСİˣģĳܺõģһһǸԲģϻŻøǿ󣡡
Ĺǣ
ͲˣҲҶǡնŵ˵ţȻ峤ټˣ
ն༪Ź㣡Сİֻ˵Ұޣ׳غţһֻѪɫļڹϣζ˵ζС㣬߰ɣִ磬Ĵ£ٱ
ˣܡζģ㲣ǻľ˫ʣⱩעҹʵۿۣټϣֻŴʦΪҪܻ
СİζĻǰһվȵߣסǣ
նЦţȵ
ʱһַŭ


161 ȳ

ڼġ
ǹϢԽԽŨڼҲ˲ûһξ룬ʹ󺰳Ȼٱ
ʮ˳ȥ
˿̣ϵӣǰɱʵ۷ؽһɱ¡
ڼ߿񱼣ߴȣס
ʮ˼Եķһͬؽ
ؽס
ؽ񣬽ǵһһɣնˡ
ۡ
֮ʮͬʱҵѪӿѪ
ǻһϻؽնʱ佫ĺˣؽȥ
һĻڼ󾪣ͬΪ佫֮˾Ȼһ֮С
նǱߵˣͻıʣҲûнʸͷųȥǹע̬ķչ
ζ־ϲϲıǴû¶Ǻúõģأζӡ
˳϶ȴҲڼնܡ
ڼͷСİúúõģŭȵնܣ㻹Ÿʲôżǣ
նҲһعţżż
ζһӡʱ۾һĨᣬż֮ʱĨᣬʱɱ档
Ǳնȥؽǻȥȭͷȫ˻ȥʩϵĹֻһ𣺡˭ǣҾȡ˭
źϴʮ߷ΧˮУԾ˿У
ʱ˫ŶأСİѪֱָնܡ
Уꡣ
ζ۽ᣬ߶һ䣬ӣúõģˣҲ޺ˡ
ضѪƿգһԾȴǸպԾ֮С
ʱڳǱֱҪȡСİ˵ļʸȫ˽ʳɷĩڵϣڳǰļȫԪָ
󣬳ڵϣĿؿնܣһһ˵һϰɣʲôʽʹȫ¡
նܻɪɪǿе꣬ȫȥͫŵֲĵز²ѡ
תͷڼڼҪȣȴ˵㣬ܲ˵ģȡ
ڼдܣܵļƻһʧļƻôͳ⸱棿
ԵõϢСİһ˽붾ΪԷһڰԨ棬ţǾȻûܴӶųǣ޵ӡ
ӵãΪǸûзӳ
ˣ¶ˣ˳ϡ
ڼȥȴųѾɱնһȺС
۾ȥڼ֪նЩˣ϶ֲ֧˼ӣһߵζˣͻؼǺ˵ԸЩ˸Ю
˵꣬ڼͺһٶȣζΧȥǵһλᣬڼڱصãֻҪѱץסǾռ¾˵㣬ʲôȫҪΪ
նȴ׹ѣ˹ͷδҰģҪΪһˣΪԽһ˵ĵȵ룬ɱħĵȫˣٵһɶ
ʮˣȻ󲿷Ǵʦһ佫ɲǴʦ佫ǰĻᣬûУ
رǸˮУҪһжɵ
Ҫ㣡㣡նܴ
ʱת۶նܣȵ
ն˼һֻȻֳؽһӣֻͱնڵء
ôܻôնܵİ̾ûз꣬һȭֱĿ
һȭϿûнΪŻá
սնܴΣʹܵ
ͷҲûأֱǰ棬ܲվһ
˲ңҲˣ˷ңҰٱ֮仰ؽָһȭȥ

佫ĽŽӲӵĹâһֻ˶ȭͷ͵ǰ
âɢ
ꡱȴ˹ͷѣӾֱ䱬
Ϻ飬һȭһ
ڼֻɣǿǻרѵľӢǳԱΪø죬ǣһһȭͷɱˡ
ѲΪ
ֻӡ
ڼȵʧܣˣ
ǡһӲˣ


162 ͬΪı
ڼһ£ʣˣû˿ԥأٺˡ
һСϸڣͿԿЩˣԲһߣ
ֵĺˣЩһ·Щ˺Ͱмӵˣʹħ޵ˣͶ˹ȵˣŵˣǺιϵ
ͷڳԺһȵǣһӲˡ
һ䣬ڽţм
һأ
ҡ
Щеĺˣʱӱ
ֽؽģָ죬ٶֵػȥ
ʽȴҪڿУǣ
ڼҲоشǹûж˼ȵԱ
仰ȻǶǼ˺ȵģǣڼҲԱ׼ס
Ȼ
Ҫǣ֪κһ֯Ϣ
Ȼڼ֪֯Ŀģ֪ȫ̼ƻԼ֪ƻһֱִţѾִ˽ʮ꣬öʮʱ䣬ȥִһƻ룬ÿֲңڼִеֻеһڣ˶ѡ
ڼԱʱϸսһ룬ʣµˣüͷһ£Աˣ
佫Աȷһ衣
ǣҲһ裬ϰӿѪ׷ȥɱء
Щˣ׺Ա׺ԼҲ׺ûиһ㣬ֻˣΣգǷ뿪պضҪĶߣڰʱܸһϼ׷ţʣȴǸŨʲôɣĸȻҪֹܹܹסԱ֪һϧȴûа취סԱ
һ̾Ϣһϸ߸ڼǰ档
ܲˡ϶ĿȵӻҪ
;ĩ·ڼȻЦˣǹЦЦŵЦҲɱҡ
ҿһ
ڼһ㶣ȴ˵Ѿˡ
üͷһ壬˵ڼ˵֪ΪʲôҪһ֪Ϣ𣿡
ûзӦ
СӣȻҲ֪˭Һ㣬ֻһ佫ѣȴܹնɱǻԵɺϣȴҲ֤һţʱգдΪڼһ̸Цӣǣڣϧϧ
ϻǳĬ
㲻֪ڿϧʲôڼԳϵķӦǲ⡣
ϻһûͷûβĻһҪˡ
ҪҲҪʧܣԵҪлƻҵȻȡϧһţʮնɱţӴ˾ҪʧƬ½ϣһţˣͲţֻһʬѣ˵⣬ϧϧ
ȷʵϧԣһƴԼţŬԼ
ûõģնɱֻضĻ£նɱҲǳѣ߼նɱ𣿾߼նɱǿߣ𣿡
ȳ˵ڼȵ㲻ܣ㲻ܣֻ
Ҫˣҵǰ档
һСӡڼ۾ֱת˵仰ͱˣˣһ취ܹ㲻ң̵ʱڣøǿӵкܶණվƬ½ĸ߷塭
һΪ㲻أԭ㲻£µҪ
ڼûϵķ̣ѾΪеǸ뷨ˣ˵ֻҪܼǣһУֻҪܼǣǾܸ㴴õҩĵرҪپж٣
ǲҪʲôǶܸң

ҪԴ
áڼѿڶӦŸоԾȻһƬΣֽ֮Ȱ˵ϼǵӪ
ڼ֮ԲȰϼӪΪܹܵõܶĺôֻҪóϼǣڼôһţ֯Ͽ϶뻯峤ϵܺãҲ׾ٽС
ôʵ̫ˣڼգƣǿš
ǣֻõһش𣺡ˣΪΪΪΪΪͬΪı
ԣɣ
֪ôСӣΪһɱңɱˣܿҲģ㡭
ϻ̫࣡
һϺȣؽƷ棡


163 ʨӲ
ڼ飬ˡ
ȷϴӦڼǵ֯ԵõõдԪʯ޺˵ȵȣȫó
ǣϵȴڲͬԽѵĻɳԽ죡
ߣҪľǣͬΪıԼĴ׼
ڼô飬ŭһʱǰι״ıͻɱС
һߣƴ߳ǰѹ£ؽЮŰ絽µնֱӱնɵһߣƬƬѿ̶ڼնȥڼˡ
Ȼؽûʵʵնڼϣֱ֮ڼһһɽȥͬʱѪ;ڼӵӣһýһŵײŲٵ֡
ڼɫ԰ףŻѪѣǾˣնɱͬ佫翳вˣҲ޿ǿһоͽΪһǱĵزʵ̫ǿŶôһ㣬ʲôô˺ƴĽնʱҾȻоɽƣǵؽ𣿡
ڼųǵؽ֪ġçɽǻƽпڣ·̯һڼֱѪ
ϸڼҲţȲ˵ɵһȥǿ˵̶ȣֱ޷ֻǳ辶ԴçɽھŲ㣡
ʨӲãྡȫ
ڼˣȴûͣ£ûиڼϢĻᣬϿɲصӥеı硣
׷նڶڼλûͣ£ؽѾϮ
ڼ˲ʱȫѪĹϣӳܲסѹܣն˵ѪԿ³
˵ʵ̫ˣ½ϣôͳôһзڼţţڼָоǲޱȵƣɽѹ£ʱɫңСӣҺƴˣ
ڼҪƴڼƴԱѣ
ؽն£ڼ·ˣȣСӣʹ첻նȡ
룬ҪԱٶȿ㣬ҪȻûԱĻᣡ
ڼϳ˵ôһ仰кһͣѪӿһûдù
ʱؽƽضɽҡڼϽȫԪȵԡ
ȻǸֻûкóڼ壬ͱؽն׷룬ţٱѿ
һȴԱû³
Ҫκ££˵ϻһǰԼ
ˣϮɱϵˣն֮⣬ȫһʬ壬еģʬҲû¡
ǡʱڣͣˣǸˮУҲȻʧҲֹͣѹˮֹͣˮԪÿһ͸ȥһӯˬĸоȫȴûЩ仯˻ȥζæеʵӣ𣿡
һЦζеĻһƬůСŷ֮˵˹ĵζٺ٣ҲΪˣϽÿһĹˣ
ٸоζӣһصķӦرֻ£Ӧǿҡ
ϸϽ˳˳ζҵͷ΢ЦζûµģϽ»ָָ

ңҪǿһ㣬㲻ˡ
ӣҲҪԼøǿ󣬲㡣ζȻƣϵЩȴů紺ҲЦݡ
οһЦζȴʵӣԶ𣿡
ŵôԣЦȥĬȻ
ǸϹܿŮӣںηʲôһԹҰɣЦţֲ쵽ؿǸ˿ڴ
ζģжʱһƬԹӣ㲻Ը⣿
ζΣգҶġô˵һ䣬΢΢̾Ϣ
˻شζůЦӣԼ˵ģҪסŶ
ϵ˵ͷζЩָԪǽҪ
ζԹԵӦһ
ҲСİȻָԪ򽫴ɨսǵĴ䣬ȫ£Ⱥϵĺö٣ڼġ
ϽҳƷԪʯлԵ޺ˣָζСİˣǼӿָ
󣬳ҲϯضϰԵؽԪʯ޺ӽ˷ͷʦƵĴָ׼Щ⣬ɸոձ۾ͻȻǸܳԪʯ޺ҩĺڵϽԪʯתƳ
ȻѾˣԪʯ޺ʣ޼ֻοЦڵڵ㵽һʲôĴڣôԪʯ޺ˣԺ͵øҵһӿ
ԼʱСİִۣ硭
ϴĸм֮飬˵СİϽǸˣ˽ʲô״Ȼ󣬽ٶȣϻػ壬
лСİ˵ͷǸмתһųնȥ


164 ɱ
ն˹ʹ˹
ű㿴һصʬСİ˫Ƿŭǳ޵
նܶʱˣæ峤ңҡҲɱģǴӭģԣӭ峤ġ
ЦһЦСİڱһ㣬棬׳ʲô£ʲô
ն֪ܲ˵ʲôãֻһģСİ˵˵
˵ţСİȡ䵶նܵĲӣѪŵ͸նܲҺţ˵ϣ˵峤˵ˣܲһ
Сİֻһ֣˵
оһ֣նæ棬Ǵ峤ڴϣһֱš峤Ҿ֪ô࣬ҰɣҰɡ
СİѪֱµΡ
峤֮󣬴߾ͶһˣɳִδأȻ滹˶ʮİˣϷԴϵȻ󣬶Ͼʧˡ
أ
ССնƴţ˵ߣܳΪԽһ壬Ͳᱻͷϣ͡
뽫ƽӣСİţЩİˣʲô֣
֪նҡͷǵֻ֣д֪
İ˻ж٣
оŸģȫв֮£ն֪ܽȫ˵˳
Сİʴڵסжִ֧ϵȵȣȵ㻹֪ʲô˵
峤ʲô֪ˣŹңҸţԺ󡭡
ûԺˣ
Сİ˵仰һþһնǳģԴͱ˳ȥѪСİһ
ִ硭Сİ
ߣϺܸɴ˵Ǹʲôϻ֪ʧˣ٣ҹϻȥԸϺǰİˣȥ㰢Ȼ
Ͱ˵ȥСİУĽϵ˴硣
ܣСİζұ㣻ԽϻȥƾͶԽǵõ˷ֻܶ
ϸ˵ܸ꣬ܺɴؽСİӣζſ˳ϱϣƽʱħŮ磬˻棬ࡣ
ζ·ͼԪˡ
ϸоϴоƣȴܿ챻ѹ£Ͻǰٶȼ죬ֻüƬƬӰܣҪ׷ң쿾ԣ
𣡡һڿĴ̼£̤׷ȥ
һޣٶȣ򻯷ǰ
ڣϵס˵ţնܵʱûл᲻ʲô⣿
ϿõţڽţЦŻصϲصģǸ˽ԶʧƬ½ϣԲܻص
϶֮԰ʵǽô
ȡ
ȣʲô
Խ䣬ʱվһӦ
Խ䣿ʲôľ䣿
Ϻαļʱ֪ˣҪǽεؿȻͿǵ峤һغӹдȨ˰зչʱˣǴϷ޵ӡĻջ
ϲʣȴΣĳŵ
ڰԨСİûϣôûг棬ǵǾ԰ٷ֮ٵĳɹ
ȻСİƫƫ˳ϣ˳磬ҲСİһƬТĶжԸһ֮ˣôˡ
˿̣ԽԽ
һ·ǧ֮࣬賿ĵʱ֣ǵִ˻壬Сİ·ûоκˣζص֮أСİҵβˣ˼峤Ȼ˷ܲѣȴСİīӽˣȥ
СİִųϣܣϵסȥҪһ˵϶
סһСξ֮ʱҹͻһȣʲôˣ
һȣϣǸȫѣʵҲû˯ţ˵նȥôãҲӦûˣȴûһϢĻŲѣȻţӣҪĿ棬ܺǸӵǿķˣǣҲƲӵ
ϣҡСİģնܵ˵


165 ɱ
նܣڻˣ
еʯͷ˵أֻҪСİɱˣͻȫ
¶𣿡
ˣҲˡ
áð
˵ţСİߵĳϣȻԾɵĿУһӰ
ãǸ󺰵
˵ľӰصķɱȥ
ȻˣǵĶˡ
˶ûзӦ֮ʱؽѾ˴ϵĲϡ
ʱˣϻ֮ң
ǰһҾɱˣϵش˳
оӴǱĺ⣬ϻֹסزȴ򶨵غʲôˣǻ壬Ϊ
ϣ仰ӦŶԣԻ壬Ϊ
СİӰվ˳Լܻš
һػˣָСİȻûôܡ֪ڲ˵ֻæϡ
ϣǲǺʧ
峤һڵأ֪ûһīӡϻҲתÿ졣
ǣһУô
СİһЦǰϵȷڵңնûӭӵңǰɣ
նأ
ɱˡ
㾹ȻҲкˣ峤ҲҪΪնܳ˰£зɱۣϻȥˣڵľ棬ȻҪƴһѣֻҪܽСİɱһжлᡣ
ȻҲΪ̫̫ˣȴϻһѵ
ϸհѻ˵꣬һǰؽڴϵĲϣһӣѪ˳ؽȴûѪ
һУæ˵ס֣ס֣峤ºº
СİһߣǵúúȻ󣬲ϣԶǸǵʲôˣǻʲô
Цˣ峤ǽԽһģ峤ԸǵİǾ㽫ɱ˱𡣡
ǡϾ
СİҲЦҪҲҪ
Ŷʵ𣿡˿һţ棬ȴǲӿôûֻҲû¶ѵ˵
֪ڼô𣿡
ôһʣϵЦݣʱʧˣˣ
ɱˡ
㣡˶Ȼȴðһɺ⣬֪ڼ֪ļθ˼ٺˣȻЩ˶˻ڼɱˣ⡭
ˣҲɱˡ
ϵĻȴ͸޵ɱ
ӣøˡ
˶ųϣֻ佫ôɱ
˱õ֤
֪Ҳˣ
仰ǲǶϲ˵仰˵ţһȭڴϵıϣֻùͷꡱһѿӸǷڿС
ȻСİǰǺϲϵؽֱ䵶
ȭ֮󣬳Ͼֱɱȥ
䱻Ϊȴ޸֮ˣһǺʵڳϸ֮ʱֱˣеǷɳ⣬ĵġ
ͬʱﻹȵɱ
̹ڽӴؽʱȻը϶ʱһƬΧоŵӰֱ˳ϣʵǲףһнˣǸ߽佫Ϊ
Ƕȴóϸо۾Щ
ûĻţʱ򣬻ҲûãǿԼ侲۾Ԫָ϶λϤΣյϢȴС
һֱնϣȻ˦־һǿʽӲϣֻáۡһǡˡһ
⣬˳ܲסӴײɳȥȻ˵ϡ
ڵˮԪܳ磬ȴûˮ似ˮԪֻṩԪָķȻܽˮԪʩչ似ȴҲô׶Ըġ
УϢֱϡ
һȣҿ㻹ô򣿡
׼һӴܣȫһ𣬺ȵҲֻȡ

䣬˵ĹȫԪָ¡
Ӱ죬ȴסؽն£ʱɽѵĽ꾪


166 
飡
˳ϾԷǾ֮Уֵߵˡ
ȻֵߵˣȴƺһѪӾֱײǽÿֲ
ϴ򵹵ÿһ֣ﶼĸ̾ɳȴûЩؽߣȭͷҴȻĦſµĵХһֱӻһš
佫ӦҲ죬ȫԪһɲǼȫţֵϵȭ
ϧϵȭأҸգ
ոһԪܣڱȭͷеһ̣Ȼֱɢûһķã佫ҲԪɢŰݣĿɢ
һȭ֮ƽӵ췭ظ
ǸĿϬɱŨ̥ϳĲ⣬ɣ
Ѫȭȭ
ֻգۼĹ򣬾佫ȭ£佫ؽ֮¡
Ҳ˲ᣬΪ۾ûлָҲ֪ЩǺζɣ
˺üУһУ֡
ɱս֮УϵԪĵ죬ϾٵĹȫǿŻԪָķŵֵ
ۣ
һ˱ϵġС
Ա߹սλܽɱôһмƻվɣһܶǸķʧôˣҲֵˡ
ǣǰ״佫ѾɱʣˣˣǸ̥ޱȣȥɱܷɱ⡣
һڻļƻҲƲˡ
ҡ
תͷ۴ϣ֪鲻٣ƻʧܣҲ֪Ϣ͸¶ȥ򣬱ԴӰ졣
ô佫һȴϣһȥȣǣȴסͳ鲻
Ͽ峤ֱǲһͿֻŲѣ˵Ҫųʣ󺰵ңңԺʲôҾʲô
㡣ǸϾȻŴݵЦ⡣
佫סܣȻҲܽ佫ֱɱҪһ
ٹҾɱСİ䵶һᣬҫֱϵͷ
˲ûͣ£Ƶøˣһ֮йâűըСİ˰Χ
ɱ֮С

һҽУ
ȻҽУǴСİĺ³ģϺġ
ϿǰƷŵ˵ΪʲôΪʲôɱң
Ϊ֪̫ˣϵЦ⣬Ѿʧ
仰ϵĿ
㾿ǻʲôСİҲľ
˵ˣǱøǿ󡣡
˵ţûгûɱСİڵ񣬾ǳˣ£ȫȥ
ǣȵʮҳˣʣ
òԼ¡
£ѾֵסܹƵ佫ȻԱ
佫ԱӿѪ˿
ͬʱϽս佫ҲԱ
ǸҲʮҪûˣ
ǣ佫Ա֮ʱûжĸߵµŻԪָķӲ
ӲԱĳϣʮûг˵Ļᡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻȳܣһ뿪
ǵģϵȻ뿪
ǳϲЩʲô֣ʲôĿģǣѾƻǵһжѾһĪ֮УߣԺͽ鷳ء
ϵܹ˲ܵˣӦ׷ȥСİҲ˼
ʮˣҲٵתӣɲ
ʱСİļˣòͣһʸ׹䣻ɾôһܵĹֵ
һߣһζ͹ݹлԪָܵˣҲܳסֻҪ㽫ʮ˽
ʮķؽײһѾײˣһΣʮķӲؽն˸ϡã
Ҳһ˲䣬ϻ¸ֶըȥһֻȭͷЮźƴܣʮȥ
ʮɫ䣡
ϺȺ𣺡


167 Ϣ

һιõĲȭͷƣ
һ£һɽѹһ㣬֮ƣǵغ¡
ʮķѱնƬֻԪ˫ȭȭơ
һƣųϵȫ飬ʮôܵס
˫ȭڽƵһ̣Ԫֱײɢû˿á
ţʮֱ۹ͷѹ飬ͣ
δֹͣѾѹʮļϡ
𣡡
ʮ˱Ҫһơ
ȴǺް취
ʮ˶ôֵס½½̫ھ޴ܿġ
ҹ£
һȣһ飬ս٣ڳͷŶĵˣ
ΰɣƾ㣬˵㣡
ʮš
£
򣡡
£
Ҳ򣡡
ãȥɣ

꣡
ʮȹǵĶʮûзӦʱҲѣҲ۶ϣӣ̱ȥ
ʮûнӵҲûԱ
ʮӿͷһڹѪҪҪҪҪԱʱ򣬳ϼޱȵһȭٴκ佫
һأֱӺԴʮԴޱ߾Ȼһ࣡
ٴնɱһһƣĸоȴ쳣רעоղսдһȭһƣƺŸãԭǿһ磬÷ܹһƽ۵Ԫɢ㲻һ似
˼ţǱܵĽ
ϴӳ˼лعٶȣһսţγл
˱ܾЩټӶôߣƶͺܲвֵĶղֱһɰɫ壬һɺƵĸоϢЩ
ҲΪˣܲŷŭ
Һãϵٶȹ죬ҪȻ˻ľʹ
˼ϴ˵·ϣ۾¶Ĺḁ̂ȻܹԽɱˣϢһܴȥҪ֯Ѵ˽ɱˣȻɳͻ֯һǿС
˵ţһ鶫ֻһˣһӦù˰ɣǹ̥ܶܣϢĶҲܲˡ
䡣
ϳ֣һ죬ֱһɰȫΧס
ﻮһĨϲõĹâǹǿҪȥɱϵĸоܾóЩŹ֣Ҫȥɱ˵ֻᱻסִ󲽿
֮£ǸϽΪֻҪ˴Ժеǧַɱˡ
ЩҺһ׼
ȻոҿһͿҲҿһٶȾȻҪ죬Ԥϵһ

ǣովͷֳҲȻǰ·ϡ
㱻ϢΧôû£ƽһ㣡ڷ˲Ծžŵۿһ߼佫ϢΧٶֹͣӺ󣬾Ϣ³ҲòȥһЩӰ졣
Ϣ֯ҩʦòģʱʵãٶȿģͻˡϢͻоӦƴ֮ʱһĲӦҪ˶Է
ֻǣ֡ϢõĲϣҲϡ٣ֵܴһҲӵֺö
ʻһЦûлشԺȴֳӣڴ֮£ٲ֮£ǹϢĸоɱǰŨҵ̫̫ˡ
ô뵽Ķ֣ķʽǾԵڳˣǵԪȻٸ似ؼɳġ
ķʽģ
Ҫ֪Ѿٲֱˮʮףϰʱʮ׵ĵطҹǰġϢԳ˵Ͳκá
Цٴγȭ
ûؽΪȭͷղŵ뷨ܽ־ۼһԪɢǺʵãҪһС
һ׼֮ʱͻذѵˣô̡ܳ
˵ɫѾֻҡ
һԵôһ̥ҲţиԼųϺȭͷ﷢ݣҾͲţȭͷȷҪӲ
ţһֱϣ


168 Ԫȭ
󣬲â
ѣһ۱֪̺ŵȹâǴ˲١
ֻȭͷȻŻһǰ
䣡䣡䣡
죬һһǺ˲䣬šϢһ
ķǿһأֱ۸ñը˰ɣˣҲòɣ˵ţ󣬿ɳΪǱܽʮ׵ľʯըɷĩֱ൱ųΪȫһ
֪Եһ̥ԣûֻһ󣬶
ըܵĺҲ˲ͣٶȣˣ
ȻתӣԱ㴫ѿ
˵ֱҲ쳣ԪעڷϣһȦΪ˱˻ԪȫڱֵԹ̥Ĺ
ͬʱҲˣ־ˣıըȻûôܣԽɱˣʮֻǳղ󣬿൱ڳȫͬһϡ
˵ͷû꣬ϵȭͷϮ
ʱ˵ķҺѪǺһѿоϴķûôһ㣬һԪȻɢصڵĸѨ֮У
Ԫɢطһɾ޴ֱǰȥǰ棬ȴģܣ
Ϣܹãħ޵ܣ֮ǴӰ죻ϧϢʱƵģֻάӡ
˿̣ѹָܻ
Ӧѱ̼ŭĵزҪйǿеԹ
պã
ŭеܵȻŹ£ĵڵϣһ𣬴ܽŲȥ
һֻ̩ɽ¿룬ֱӱȽ˴УѪ
ޣܽţٴβ£ᣬٲȡ
߲ȣܽŻƶ
֯λʵͣҪȻҲ𻯷ⲿּƻ˱˿϶ҪƹҪ׵Ϣɣƾһ粻֮࣬ͻӵĻᣬ˵峤ƻҵµĺ顣
֪䵽˷ŭֱӱȳһ̲࣬ԱĻᶼûС
һԵСİһ֪һǵĻȴǲ
ܵĳϣȴڳ˼֮У۾裬һֱŸоɱսӭУԣһʱ䣬ĸо
ղŵһȭоԪɢһűɳӣͻȻĹȻȫɳӡ
һ似ѴɢԪöԷĹգͽԪȭɣţüͷȴûµһ似ɣţԪȭܹЧڶԷ֮ǰǶԪȴûͨ似ʩչһ˲䣬ˣԪҪһ㣬Ҫٶȣٶȡ
ϵĿᶨһãʮֻʲôã
һҪҵķ϶Լ˵ͬʱһʣǰһȭ˵ʱЩ֣һȭƺɢǱһ㣬Ǽһ㣬ղıӦñһŶԣ
ţΧųϰȫɢȥ¶˳ϵΣֻϻ͸Ѫ˿һѪ˶һ
ɳ˺ģȻ
ȻŻԪָķɳԪըʱͱ֮һգĿݽߣϵˣǱըನɵģɴ˿֪ǻԪָϻпܱɷĩ
Ҳ֪һθ̾ʦһñҪǻԪָ֪˶ٻˡ
߳һﱬۡ죬ȴǴһɹѪҲһѪղǸನɵ˺̫󣬺岻һǿ
ִ硣Сİæǰš
ϰ˰֣˵ȥϣǲʲô˴ָ·һǵ
ǡСİȻףȴ¡
ȡ´ְָȴһһ·ڷϵŵһɫ塣
壬ѵĹͣù壬ʲô壿
ţϴ˵ĴָóһƷԪʯԪٽԪ͡


169 ڵҲѪ
Ԫͽɫ󣬳ҲһȦԪָһ
ɳϻǸоЩͬȭͷ׼Լţȥ
ʱϱоؿڵɲǼ䣬ɢȫ
һɢȴûˡ
ԭô¶һɢţԪָķȴһ棬ǵ㣬ÿһ㶼ǿ
׼ɫζֻҪǳ̫࣬ķǺõġ
Ǹˣܵϵȭ֮ʱͨɫķɢϧص㱻ɢҲǺֲܿĴڣҲܹܵģˣܱߵˡ
ϱ˿ڣһȺڻҲɱ˸ɾΣʱСİѾɿȥ˳㽫ζ˳
ϣڴɨսʲôջ
һأûнԪʯ޺ֱӽȥôӽȥǿ϶ڵԵһʣ
Ͻڵȡ˳ֵóһָڵš
ڳҪŽȥʱ򣬳ַһµ״ըѪȻҲڵˣ
ڵѪֱЩκĸоؽҪѪһרųѪؽѪϸоԼؽйϵϵȻǺǿңȷʵš
ϿźڵҪѪҾ͸ȣܲһ仯㵽һʲôĴڡ
˵ţȡϻһӣѪֱںڵ棬һ·ûбһ
һӣӣӡ
ڵԳϵѪǿ߲ܣжٳԶ١
ǣڵȴһ仯ûУҲûиоϵϵ
Ȼһˣһ̥ӵѪɫѾһƬ԰ףӸ
ˣһָٺȰɣֵص˵ţоڵƺֶһ£ϸȥڵһˡ
ѵҸղſˣ
ҡҡͷס˿ڣڵڴָ
ʱζˣϲ԰㲵ģۣӣһŬġ
ϱһЦζ˯һ
˯ɣ㡣ζ۵˵
ϾսԵǻţӡ񣬶ƣ˼㣬ȫһһɲ־֧ţ
ټϣΪ˺ڵַôѪ
˵껰һŨ˯⣬ֱϮϣӾֱȥζϽסɳǲһĳζҲûȻΪмʦȴЩ
ζûнæҧϷѴȸͷҸЦˡ
һߣСİİ˵ľ֮£ӻ˹СİϲỨѹ峤ӻȴ˵콫ץֹֹѾˣ뽫ٲ֮ء
Ѿˡ
ˣô¶峤ơ
ǱȺİɱġСİ㽫ȥ˵һ飬ڰԨʶϣһ붾ɱѪƾīӣѻ׷٣ն˫ͷʨ޵һԴȵȵȵȡ
ȻСİûнϴǸɽȡڵ¶˵
峤һȥֵأҼѣȥѣҵľˣǻľˡ
Ϣȥ硣
ҲãСİȫ˶ѣ˵ҪУϹ
ڼ䣬ѾɳȥˣȥѰһʥûϢ
ɶ񣡡峤һŭͿԲѣͻһ£˵Сİ£ܲ򵥣Ҫ򱱳
Сİ˵ͷȰָҾ͵ȥ
Сİ˵꣬ͷǱȥȻ󿴵վſڣ棬Ѿ˯ζ˵ʲô
һĻСİ˳Ȼȥ֪ͨˣҽ˲ҪȥǱ߳ϣǵӢۣǵľϢ
ѵǣ峤ϢһѣϵУѾȥǷˡ
Σųˡ


170 һֱ
һѶѵҫۻ⣬ڻƬտĵϳ
׳ಲϰ΢΢ӣһֳֻѣһͷĶǻеġж衱
Խ֮ˣܶ˵϶νҲ⡣
ű¶ĻŮڻҫ£Ťˮ۵С޳ֱͦĴϲֻжխȹסصĲλ
ԽţŮ֮û˼ɣֻҪ˫⣬֮ѰһƧ֮أȴһ
ңкܶŮҲˣȥۡ
Ů۴ģȻǣľˡϣ
ѣŮ׹ۣа˸ұڶÿŮ׹
òУȻǳζĿУζһ˵ţһֻȴų⣬һͭƤǣȴǱζһۣ֡
ӣ۾׼һҪСİˡζݺݵص˵
ϺһڱգЦŵζҿ׳ţСӣҲۣڶа˸˧Сұĸʮ˧С
ûûζҡͷ˵ͣ
ЦŶȤôˣôûпأ
Ϊҵֻ㡣ζ飬ųϡ
һͣз棬һľͷζôΪҪǻ֪һ㣬Ǵǰ׳ˣǣҲΪ֪¶鷳ƽĶۣҲúζһ𣬺ɣټһ𹲹üεָ飬Ƿͬһ㣻⣬ܻ࣬ɵĴС㣬ȴǴû˵һ࣬һۣΪ˲ԼΪ׸ƴ
Իǵã֮󣬿ԼζĴȣ֪˯ۣζĴȣ͸ҹͷû뿪һ£ûжһ£ôİų˯һ⡭
Ũأ
ǣϵԺУ˫Ө͸ӣǲϵĸ֣дʹټϣͲԼô£ûɣôʹûʵ֣һһĲԣƬ½ϻصš
ԣζ飬ζ⣬ֻѡӱܣ
һ֮󣬳Ц˵㿴ҵʱﵱȻֻˡ
ӡζﰵһ䣬ֵһֱ㣡
ǲܵġ
Ϊʲô
ŬԼЦЩݹ⣬ζ£˵Կʱֻп⣻Ůʱֻб۸˺Щԡǿȵȣζɱң㲻Կ⣬㲻Ůˡ
˵أ
ϵǿģݺݵزһ£ЦɲУһҪԵģΪԳøƯ
ҿɴû˵ԿƯζҲЩȻ
ƺûпһ㣬Թ˵Ա˵Ŀ⣬ȻƯǳҿ⣬һøƯ
ģ
Ȼġ
ζȻģϵĻֱůӶҡ
һʢᣬǻΪ˸лϣٰģ֮ǰ֮Сİ͹˵һѸлĻСİַǵҪлĳŵųζ˻Ĳر
رкһЩԪʯ޺˾Ͳ˵ˣƽѼĲҩϵȵȣкһЩСİ˵Ҫó֮һĲƱ
ûнܣֻȡЩԪʯ޺ˣһЩԺؽõϵĲϣҩҲв٣ЩԪʯ޺ˣΪڵõġ
ϸоǺڵԲһ㣬Ҳ뿴ڵһʲô״ңѪιڵ
ٽǽĸжᡣ
һΪ֣ǵȻˣиһ·ṩİ㲻֪ƣظܿ⡣
һžƣһһֻ⣬ﻹͣҧţԱߵĹͷǶ˺øߡ
ܵ۾ڻҫ£ҫҸɫֱضųϣȻ㻻ζһٱͷ
ʢᣬظ֮⣬б䣬ı䣬Ǵһƴչʱ򣬸ܲúܶŮĻϲѾ˺üעĿһ׳ĺӣСİܵ˽жҪͣҪлһʿ֮ƣϧȴ䲻
˵СİЩȻûаοֻǵݹȥһ鿾⡣
ʱ֪˭⣬ȫƵҲȥԱԣСİҲЦ˵磬͵ȥ֣˿ķɡ
ӣȥȥҪԡζҲΨ²ҡ
ϼͷЦðɣȥһ


171 ȭ
ȥΧĻ쳹һƬҹա
ǶǼѣ
֮ԸԣһǴģĺټǣζ˿ڣζܿģ˶ѡ
Ҳ˲پƣһͨ죬˷ܵ˵ţˣҲģһȫ
հ仰˵һ˵ĺЦ㶼Ƕ˵¡
ǣ㺦߲߰

ˣˣȴЦŶԶ˵ǱóʮֵһϣһȭһȭеһȭΨһһȭ
ϵĻ۾ţҵһȭһҪųõĹâһҪÿһһҪ˴򵹣һҪ
Ŷ˼룬еȫѹֱ֮ϣȻش󣬲㹻ǿûγתֻǵĶѻһ
ͶڵʣβתǻǺ¶γת壬ɲһܳܵ˷ɣ
ÿһ㣬ÿһεϵֱ֮ϡ
ֱۣҲʼղЩˣҲˣأһŶе˵ģܴùһȭ𣿡
ȻûеĵҲܶ࣬ĵľζСİˣЦֽܣܸе£ǻʲô
ۿۣ۾ûһ˿飬ûһ˼ɣеֻһǰеֻǾڡ
еִţΪˣһȭ
𣡡
һХֱϹ
ϲܣҲȥ

սĻǣ̲סؾȻŶ˺ǿ󣬺ֶҲᱻǿһȭˡ
սĶҲΪ
ȭͷתۼ
ûȭͷӲƴҲûȥֻǰһüӭȭͷ
˲Ϊ̾ϧüȥǽǺܲңв˸ɴ۾ȥǵĶˣ򵹵ĳ档
飡
һƵ˳
Ȼûб۾ǣͿ򵹵ĲǵĶˣǶ
ΰɽȻڵϣȭͷѳָɢ״ֱֻۣǲȻŤһǶȣһʹ
Ӳҧûкһʹ۾ȴ־ϲµĹ顣
ǣһĻʱˣ
ѵҲȭͷһ
ҹȻôͣ
ôһȭȻüͻˡ
ϻ΢ЦţҲԼüԹȫԹЩʯв٣ü翿ñٵġ
ղŶһȭҪļ֮ʱ΢΢ؽһ£ţȻǰͬʱһɺƴҲʹӼȭͷײһ
ײһһ˲䣬յȭͷ˿켴ֱۣľһ㣬ųϼǰֱۣҲŤ䣡
⻹ǳϿĽϲֻ¶ھͲǳԵʹѣֱֱۣӻˡ
һ򽫶ڵ֮󣬱Ǵ㽫ģǣ벽Ͼͣ˵
ʩչ˶һ
һӣӣһʱ֮󣬳Ȼôվš
ҲʼĻˣʼǲǶ˺֣СİҲһŵӣҪǰȥ̽ȴζס
ζ˵ȥڶأ
򣿡СİȻҲʣҲԼֵĺ壬ɾҲܶ򣿴һȭͶˣ
ζ˦˸۶ӿɲһˣ뵱꣬ͱ˴òɿʱ򣬻أ
˭ģĴģ
ڡζͽ˵˳Һñյÿ죬һ˦ͷҲ㣡
ʵ㲻Ƕֻ뵽һԺ󣬽ǳ޴ӰͷԻôȻܼ緢Ԫ
ڵ似˫˫ţΪԪʩչͨϵľֲйֻýţԪõֵķӣ似ʩչ
ǣҺǲһҵľܹ졭
ţЦݣ㲻ֳѪԼӵǿġ


172 Ҫʦ
Ϻܿġ
ſĵǿɡ
һܹԼ쾭ܴʺڼʩԪĶоüʩԪֻֻ֡ǰǰʵãǰԪõֵã
ڶȻʺڼģǾͻʺλģԴ米ȵȵȵȡ
ҪǴʺЩλĹʩչһ似˶ս֮ʱ䲻֮£֪ռıˣͱ米Ҳܹôȫתܽ˴ֲ
˵ϲ䣬ȴûϵȫ֮󣬲ǷϲģʮֵһǿֻܹҪȫľԪͨõ似һͷǵҪؽס
ţȻҲûħʦûħӴġǬûǱϹڱ˵һսʦһսƶᱻĴӴܰɡ
ʦһΪΪ㱨ģ
һξ׽ţֶԶ˵úһ磬ǿһ̶ȣһͱԪò
Ϊ֤仰תеٶ֮ʱһȣ̧ţزȥ
һ֮£ûеضûɽҡҲûʲôӶǶȵؿŶˣ֪ʲô裬ͶأػûһЧ
ǣĿ⣬Ѿʮֵ𾪣ˣſ־壬־żſԼҲ㡣
ֻأԳһΪģ˷ѿ
ţ϶ԽԽ󣬼žҹ£ر˺ѵ
Ƿ϶߶֮漰ķΧǴﵽԲʮף
ǣ˷϶ȫ죬ţ̧ͷųʱĿУϡ
ЩŮĿ⣬ǻˣ׵øˣζҲڿţԽǿԽģЩŮĿ⣬˵ӣ϶ǹģ黨ǲݡһóͷΪķ֮٣ۡ
ζ˵ţȴˣĸԼǿˡ
ֻҪ֣һ죬ҲϹŶתȥ
һʦ
ʦϾȣعͷȴڵϣ˵ʦҰɣҪͽܣøǿ󡣡
üǼȷʵһ㣬Ѫ֮£˵䣬ϵõȻҪΪʦ
ϿֻǸʮ꣬ôҲжʮ˰ɣԼʦ룬϶Щ飬ϰӣҰ·ģûѧϰڵӣ˵ӻ࣡
Ҫǣһ鷳£Ҫ˶ĵӣպ󣬿϶ɲã
Ǻܾ
أ϶ҪϵͽܣԣʦҪǲͽܣҾﳤһȵͽΪֹҶ˵һԾŶ˵һҪͽܣ
峤СİҲ˹Ȱ˵ˣ¶ɣ⺢Ӻʵϣ˵һȥ
ǣ硣
ϵЦǽһడΪ̫̫ʵϣǾ͸ͽˡ
峤۾һת˵ˣ֪ڵʲô˵ͱ󣬶ͱСȴҪʦˣǱһ˵Ϊʦ𣿡
Ǿǡ
ʦ¶ɡ
Ϸˣնͽܵԭֲ˵Ŀ⿴ζζҲûô״̬Ҳû취
ЦŵĳϣûпܿУŵɫΪƣ˵ȶΪŨΪسܣԶŵĴ˵ֻҪǳɳռ磬ôֻҪǵĽŲأ޾Կɽѵأ졭
ǰϵһţһ˲뵽ԶŵĴ˵˵ȴ˼ܣǲǿԴﵽ˵еľ磿Ѿѵˡ
е뷨ǾܲµģȰԽԽ࣬˵ɣҿһϡ
Ҿ͹ֱʦΪͽ
Ϻûи˵ģӣϢķȥˣ¶ЩѰ죡
ֱֱģ˭ҲȰߣ


173 Ȼ
ҹˡ
Ϻζȴû˯
ӣ벻˰Ϊʦ簡ζЦŶȤ
ϰװ۶취ôɡ
¶ͽ£ûй涨Խ˾ͲܳΪɵĵӡζûûε˵š
ôУеġ϶Ȼ˵
ӣǲǻкܶûиң
һ㶣˵ͷ
ӣ˵𣿡
˰Σ˵ԺɣԺȻͻ֪ˡ
⻰ζûȥ
һ̾ϢͻԺһζǽߡ
ߣ
ĵߣĶκˡ
ҹߣðɡ
ζ㲻뵱ŮҪɾ͵ŮˡϿʼա
ζһ룬ͷ˵ӣ˵ҲԹ
ǿߡ
ҲߡһĨЦݣζǻǣ㱳ҡ
鼱֮£Ͽûôֱ࣬˵ãұ㡣
סζ˸ʤƣųϾҪߣһȳϻҪӣȴ˵һ¡
㻹Ҫʲô
СİţѾǶҪٲ֪ͨһ£ǿɲá˵ţ
ʵģֽǱçɽçɽľŲȫĬд
УǳϵһЩĵ飬öԼ嵱ʯٲ
һʱ֮󣬳ϸ㶨˵ģģҶˣԺ͵ÿԼ컯ˡ
˵󣬳ϱζ˺ڰУԶжȥܣȻǸں
һɫˡ
棬һҹ
Сİһ̾Ϣȥóϵķţ˰죬˰죬ȴû˻ӦСİһţ͵ش˽ȥ
Ȼ󣬿ڣտҲ
磬磬ĶСİϵţæһСİǶʮֱǸԭ¡
⣬СİԴˣЩ죬Ҳ룬ȥˣǸִߣִߣ϶ܾʣңʵҲǵúܿ죬ӰԨֻСİѾоͻƽ佫ļ󡭡
ſȥСİĩβ˵ڶҲΪͽʵȲѵĿԣһЩĵ飬ҽ֮ܳԺ㣬գܵóԸСİڡ
ˣСİһȭͷ˵磬ңһġ
󣬱˳ȥ˶ǰԭԭ˵һ飬çɽĵ齻Ȼȴϲ֮⣬šçɽĵ飬ǰؿͷţѾʦʦһʧġ
ţվŵһѷ죬ȭһ죬Ҳġ󣬶ɽȥľʯ
˿̣һħޣͨһڵĵϡ
ӣߣʲôʱߵһڰ
Сİ˵Ҫҵʱ䡣
갡ζȵ˵ţȴộҪһ꣬Զ߲öá
ζȻſڳϵıϡ
ϲ֪ζ룬ΪζûŮĻᣬЦŰοζ߳Խؽ磬˱ڣ˾ͻҲˡ
ǲǾŮĻˣζ˵鲻Խضҡ˼¡
ʱϴѹͣšǬš
㣬ֻΪشټϣζ㣬ͣ꣬óЩԳ
ζ֪ȻֵЦš
ʱûиڳϵ󣬶ɽ֮䣬ϱһξ룬Ƿʲô£߶̵ʱϵ
ΪܵʵЩ󣬳Ѿһ֮⣬һ𣬿϶ٵ鷳ͬʱԼ˺˵һ
ͻأζ˵ӣ߿㣬ǰһǧ׵ĵطвˣȥġ
áҪζֵȵȣӣǻһװ
һӺ˻װԼٶǰ׷ȥ
µһʼඣζ˷ܵ˵ţ֪ǰ棬ʲôڵǡ


174 ĺ̶
ϱζϣʱڸϡ
ʱſԭһ̶ӣֽĺ̶ӡ
ĺ̶ӵĻرȫǻȻҲֻǻҪֱӾͷŴָˡ
ﶼħޣרһЩ̫̫Сĳħޣ¥ʳħޣһЩµĵͽħޣڴһģħ׷籪ٶ졭
ħ޶ԽץģԽڶɽħҲȽ϶࣬ץһЩħޣֵǮ˻رǼֵ϶ҪϽʮǳؿɹۣȻȻҲǲ
ζ̶ӻʮ׵ľʱͱֹסһ꺺ӴȵʲôˣϽ뿪
壬ȥô߰
꺺ӽζºشһζû꺺ӻػָ·ʵ壬ȥǲҲȥǵĻܴܲһ̰ǿԸ͵ģ
Ͻ뿪·һֱǰ·꺺üͷܾ˴һ̣Ҫǿߣ̽ϢȻڰеЩǿл
ζܾȴȻЦ˵壬кðɣѾ˺ö·ˣ㱻ħ޹ҪǿħޣǿɾͲˡ
ϵʲôħޣ
ܣ׵ģƴܰӳ졣
꺺ʣܡ꺺ղٶȣҲζ˵Ϊϵٶȵȷܿ졣
һ£ҵǰȥһ¶ƹ񡣡꺺ħǰֻħޣһֻ׷籪
꺺ӵһǰ˵һǸʱǵ۾ʱһ⣬Ȼ˵Ǵϡ
ǣƹ񡣡꺺ȥ
ƹ˵СĪ֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
֪һ۵˳
ŶСĪ˵˵ƹϵЦݣǴ顣
ܴħܵ׷϶мֹ򣬰Ǵϣﵽ·ϣõǵʱ򣬿Խǵ
һ˵Ǽٻأ
۹ɲд˵ǼٻͲˡ
һĿأƹϵƣȫѼЦݡ
Ǿ͸ˣǾͿʱסˣǿ̽ӣ˵ǻܵóϢһЩա
۵ȴ˵ͷͷǵƹͷѣ޵˵òСĪϽ
үүСĪϢ
УҪΪһǿߣͲиҪץסÿһֿԶԼĻƹϵЦѾɢȥϵһݡ
ŶСĪʼ
̶֮УһҲǾǳϣšľ
ϺζƷԪʯȻ󱻰ŵһӵĳϣղħǰߣȻǵΧ򰵵ذ˲ˣڼǡ
Ϊʲôģֱ˼ҼˡζĹĵ˵Ц˼Ҳġ
ӣǸƷԪʯζ߷߲ƽ
ˣζ˼ҵĵϣǾ͵ѧͷ˱ͺˣ֮֮ǿԳô˻
ҪͻƣҪͻƣȡΪһ佫ζǳÿ죬ȥҲ죬˳ߣľԵ
ζ˵һһȫ˶ƹĶһ쵽ֻ֪ҲԷɣߣѰö̶ࣻӵˣҲûз˵ļӡ
̶ӵӣƽһ쵽˼⣬硶çɽĵھŲľǵ˶𣿱ô÷
Ȼÿٳӵʱ䣬Ѫιڵǰؽ
ζԭǶģԴ־ҪΪ׸֮ҲģЩһۣϻ
Լа£ûгһ¶
ҲڽƹԸҶǹϾɽһҪȫͨϾɽֻҪϾɽǾͳԽˣ·Ҳһƽˡ
˴ʮֵľ䱸ƹһˣʮʦȥ̽Ρ
ʱ֮˻رûа
⻰ƹ񲻽ûзɣôȫ䱸
ʱ֣ĺ̶ӵϾɽζֿɽʢϾæеӣ쿴ϾöϾϾ
ۣζǿĵЦգɢŴ棬ﲻ΢鲻Խ˵һ䣺ζϾҪÿ


175 ǿϮ
ζϾҪÿ
⻰һζˣЦˣˡ
˵仰ĳϣҲˣ
ζϵЦݣһſǴӺ¶ˮһƬһƬ˻һ㡣
ɳȴʹԹԼô˵⻰أ
ϳϵĿζζϵЦݣҲԽߵ̬
Ȼ󣬹ԹԵ˳ԣͷڳϵļ򣬿ɽҫ£޶Ŀҷ˵Ͼ
ϵӣֱţһҶҲסˣڵԪתšǬ
ɽɽЩҪԼһӵʱ䣻ƹϵ⣬˿ȫأ¡
ƹǳСĽûóһȥΪһ飬һŽʮ飬׼һһͨɽÿһ鶼һм佫߼ʦͣмʦ
ʱźúôĺ̶ӵĻסǵ꺺ӣм佫޳ǣһҲ佫磬ͺɵ죬Ҳֻ佫
һȽϣĺ̶ӵʵͦۺ
ţ뵽Ǹ֯ô佫ʦǲ٣֮࣬ңһ֡
֪֯ж󣡡
ڳֹ֯ʱԽڣһɫߵˣܵļƻôʧܣļƻʧܣıȡļƻҲòͣ£ǵȫ̼ƻҲܵӰ죡ôܳ£
ɫ˺һͨй֮ԽļƻͣǵȫǱñ¶֣Ȼ󣬸Ҳ飬Һݺݵز飬ز飬鵽˭»ȡƻʧܣҵǸˣõŴҵǰҪʲôˣȻͣҪ
ƻǸ֯һƻĳϣȴǺֻ֪ȴͣؿ£ҵ廹ôǿôأ
ųϵĿԽĺ̶Ѿ鰲Ȼͨɽ
ֱʱƹ̶ӣٶȣͨϾɽ
ųӣǰ
߹Ͼɽһ룬֮ӣû״ƹһǿҲ֪ĺ̶ӵĻǿǿҲû
ȻƹĻ£ǰдʯͷһ¡¡ʯͷ̶ӵǰ棬ƾնһʯǽǰȥ鹲ʮӣĳӣ뿪
ţӵĺ棬Ҳһˣĺ̶ӵĺ·ҲˣЦصɽ֮䡣
ɽĵƣխͰڲԲƣֻһֶųһߣ
ƹɫĺ̶һѾǿ٣һθ򣬻ôͬһǿ
֪
ƹǰ̽·ˣȫţƹǰĺûпһ쳣״ƹң˵Ķġ
ǰ̽·ļˣҲǸ˵
ƹûдǣҲ֪Ǹ˵Ļûȷ֤ݣ㽫ɱᶯҡҷŹǡ
󣬶ƹеĻȫת棬Ⱥ˶š
ǰ·ˣ·ˣ̶ӵ˶ڽţζȴ˷ܲѣӣҵŮĻˡ
һƽϲǣʵȴţôߵ񶼻鷳¶ҲãиսᣬĥԼԼرǿ
ѣ֪һ·ĺ̶ӵġ
˵ϻӾްģľĺ̶ӣħȫ£ٰеļҵȫ£ӿϻһ˵ʮ㣬ʮ㡣
ްһĺ̶ӣľްްֶμΪ̣Ҫٲƣһץסˣȫɱ⣬رЩŮģ³ңֱƹߵǰ棬ɫȻȫǴݣ۽⻹˳ζһۣûзʲô쳣ŶްǸͷšʮӡǵĺ˵֪γƺ
ĸУ
ĺ̶ӵĶƹ񣡡
ŶƹԳˣصĻǷǳֵǮúúãֱĺã㰴˵ȥҪȻӾͽǣȫɱ⡣
ζҪӴָȡɱȥչŮ緶ȴס˵ζţȿ˵


176 һ
ްвƹ۾ŨŨɱȴ˵ҸңһƽΣ
ڴ򷢽л𣿡
ʮңϾңƹǸɴֱ࣬ӽƽļǮֹ
ͷúϻǶɱˣеĶͶӵģʲôҰϾҰԪʯȱԼȥá
ǣһ㽫ʧܶʵңΪһܳԵ𣿡ƹԽԽˣϿţоƹűʤİһɲ²ʲôƣѵ򣿡
ްֿЦٶˣʮ佫ѣټһмңҲһмʮ߼佫жʮм佫ʮ佫ٸ߼ʦ˵ҳԲԵ㣿
Щ֣ҲЩԾ佫ôֵǮ˾ͽ˵ģһ佫ʵһǣǵжǣ޳Ǹ⣻ˣҵүȻۣҾ֮ˣҲ̫
Ҹ㣬ңһأһǸ߼»ΪܳԵ𣿡ƹȴǸһ˿Ц⡣
ް죬Ȼɫ䣬ɨһȦҲû߼ˣĿζϵʱȴͣ˺ü룬Ž佫ĳϣֱӸӵˡ
ްԱߵߣои߼Ϣ𣿡
ߣҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵ٻϢķ
ͷòͷ˰и߼㻹ҪǮƽɵĲɣްôһ˵Щ£۾ʱִһֻ򰡣
ް֮󣬼ƹ˵ĸ߼Ȼû¶棬ЩȷŶƹ˵ǼٵģŴһӣǣɱɱǣٷֱء
ް۹ֿζΪζҲĺ̶ӵģּ˵еģȫɱˣǸŮ£ȥֺֺǡ
ɱ
Ⱥǿͺηɱв˻ζǾ仰ζѾʮֵķŭϿ죬ҲǾһʬһ㣬˵ζڣ˭Ҳ۸㣬ҽץ㴦á
ζĻȴůůģϻڶ㲻Ҫ֣˵˻ϳ似⣬Ҫ뽣ȡƷúܶ˷ġ

һнҾС

ζԹԵشӦţ
ѪսѾ޻ڵײһ𣬶ƹɱһ𣬶ƹʣȴǽʣһһһʱ䣬⽣âɱѷ֡
Ҳǿչްһ߼佫¾߼佫һ·ɱҲ˿ɵŶʮм佫ƴֵţϧԪȫóľС
Щζɱǿ۾ﶼ¶űڶҪڣ޶Ҫ޵ĹâɱǰԳ˵СӣŮ˽̳үһȻү㿳ʮ˿
Ůˣζ⼸֣Ȼ٣ѡ
˪͸ǣһٶ죬˲ư㣬͵˵˵ǰ˵ˣֻһ߼ʦѣǺ޷ЦݻţоһֻסĲӣһ˳ʵʵɱ󺰣ȴûһᣡ
ֻáꡱһ죬߼ʦĲӣͱӲŤˣȻ󣬳˳ƶеĳûؽȻǲܶ˵Ĺע֮ǿԨѪȵĶᱦ
ǿʬ壬Ѿ˵ϣΧǿǲŷӦһĺ⣬׹⣬ɱ
ƹǸɱѷ֮ʱعͷ˳һۣϳ֣ٴγһ˿ЦݣµĹ۲죬ȻûйֱӵĽӴľͷƹ߷ֿ϶Сӣ򵥡
˻ȥζǰ棬˻ս֮£ʺȺսҷնڶʽûͬʱںԪֻǼ˽Ԫ
һҷնڶʽΧʮǿÿǿ϶ʮеĵˣеĻһҲԶ
ؽЩǿѾ飬ò
ΪЩǿ඼ǴʦΪԣɱúɣĿ⣬Ƕסĺ̶ӵһ


177 㲻Ҫս
µսв˳ϵȫ
ԣûؽҲûбֳĿ˫Իԣڸԡ
ҷնڶʽƵƵʩչϵעȴǷһɱȺеĻ
⣻ľԵԪͣǱϼ֮ǿûһ߹Уһͱնɱڽ¡
ң⻤ӦòСնɱޱȣȳɱҪɣֱ˵һһ־ʯҼĸо
üͷţͻԺһ⣬ѵǶƹǸ߼
һˣԽԽԼĲ׼ȷģµؿЩΪóѵǿԭƹǣ⡭
ްǸںͶƹսţƹǵЦ⣬ȴԽԽŨ
ǡڴʱް죬Ϻе㼬֣ѾɱˣʱŭһȺ𣬡ÿСӡ
ް֮ôţΪֻ佫ѣȴǸ߼佫֣ǻֵ飬ңܸһǿ󣬸ġ
ϵĿ⣬˪Ϭ쳣ǹɱ⣬ޱȫͷų͵㽫ͷ
Сӿ
ް죬ʹһѸͷͷʽɫһͷһʦԴѪڿУްЮѪȵƣֱն֮ס
ʱûдؽûãгҲ£
ֱһֻȭͷȭͷҫŴ۽ɫ
ȻԪֻΣʵϣҪǿս
תް쿴ŭأֻ˰˷˲ʮȻҪҾһ̡
ƽͷɫԸŨˡ
繭һ˫أХ㵯ӭǰѸͷȭϡ
ɶ̫ɶˣƾһֻȭͷҵײԲްĻû˵꣬ȭͷ븫ͷײһ
ʱްоһɾ޴ͨͷӿ
ۣ
ްһѪȭͷӲûûԪָķȭͷҲһѪۣǡ
ϲûԪָǲԻԪָ̫ûжĺôߵľһһһʵ˵Ҫǣһ죬Ԫָͻûˣ죿
ԣϾ൐ɱˣ
һȭްˣϸûȭͷϵƣ˫һأʱضɽҡٴιް죡
ްǿɫȭһɲǣʧӰ٣ȡ֮أľСǽԪʣô˿µ
һȭһʹȫȻĳ似ֱʽ˵ȭȣɾ̸ʽÿһȭһţ·̺޾Ŀ֮
佫Ϊǿ˳ϵǰʩչǸ似һ粽һɱ߷壬ŭĿհѲ⡣
˫ȭͬʱұǸǿ佫оһСɽ㣬ѹϢЩ˳ʩչŵ似ƺѹ
ȭһը죡
ʱ佫ѪӶðһء
˫ȭ֮ǽһ佫ϥǶܲס˾޴ѹȻ۶ϡ
һɱһ佫佫ķӦرѸ٣ҳףڳǰأһͣȴˣֱ佫ץסԵĶ״転㽫佫ͷ½ųϵģأ
飡
佫˲ͷϰһ̲ģѪ⡣
ް쿴һĻɫȻ䣬ˣţޣޣﲻɴססɱ
㲻Ҫȡ㲻Ҫһս㲻ôڶʲôأʲôһʽʵĺֱȵ죬ѪҺӿ˼ٶȣţš
ްЩǿ佫дʦްΧǿȫɱǰްЩ߼佫

ʯһؿڹţһ˲ƺ˲١
ţϾȻǿȺУκԸͿҵķʽսɱ¾š
һʴȿԣ


178 ˺ܶࣿ
䣡
شҵأһһľ޴ײ⿪Ͼɽ
ÿһεȭͷĹ𣬻ǵĲҺڶ
ֻǼʱ䣬ʮǿȫϣûйǼƵģڵأҲվ𣬻Ѫֹ
ȻһĮȻЦݣ紺ĺ㣬ֻǸѣֵܣĵˣǰȺҪɱҪζǿ
ҪɱˣȻ֮֮ȡǵ
ϾɽһѪȵɱ¾
Ȼϲûа⵱һɱ¾ֻǽǰǿĥĹߣ
ҲˣҲѪϾΧǿ׺֮ˣʵʵͣԪָǿ⡣
ǣȴԽսԽ£
ػתŵٶȸ죬ɱ߼佫ϲͣʩչĿǰġ
ȭȭЮ֮Ӱ㲻׽ȭͬһ߼佫֮ϣǴͬһλϣһȭʹ˿Ѫڶȭؿݡ
ȭ߼佫Ȼը⣬Ѫһһء
ȭ֮£һ߼佫ͳ˳佫ǿӿ⣬ǰһǿڻع֮ʣס
ޣޣ޻Ҫޡް죬ؿǰһУõʲô似ôûмӦϰԪŶԣĽ⣬ʣǽԪ
ǣһϰɣָǰ߼佫Ȼ˵פΡɽ
ĸǿް졣
˿̣ްҲڵǲѣƾǸ߼佫ĺ̶Ӷ࣬Ųٵм佫ȵȣǸ߼佫˸ɱ⣬Ǻ
ɶ񣡡ް鱨ôûᵽ̶ôһСӣѵ˵ҪϾɽ
ްȻϵ׺ŵȴҲȴԣһһϣ˫ȭѵ֣ôˣ϶ɱ˭ɱƷԪʯ
ƷԪʯǿһ˫ųϵ۾̰
һЦ׳գΪ˺ܶ𣿡
Сӣʲô˼
ͷתܿˡ˵ţ¶ЦݣЦݣǿĸоȴһϵĲ
ް죬һ󾪣תܿȥ
һ֮£ûӦֱӴ³һѪ
ԭƹɱòµ˽ϰΧɱ֮ǿ֮⣬ǿȻôϢˣʬһһߵģˣ߰صڵϡ
˭˭˭ɱǣްţвŭ𣬸⣬ڲɱôǿͨ
Ȼܣ
ϧǰϵױɱסǽԱߵսȫԵˣ˼һѣŷ֣Ѿ˶ӡ
鱨ô˴Ĳĺ̶ĸ֣һôѵǸߣĺ̶ӵ˷ˣǡް첻֪ô¶֪Ҫĺ̶ӵĻǲܵ飬漣
ǣް漣ӳ죬ɽްֺ֮ȵˣȫˣ
˵꣬ް쵱ѡˣΧųϵһǿҲҲ˲óϣƴӡ
ͬʱǰƹȥ̽·ˣ͵سǿǼʽҪеǿȫһǣոճǰȥһ佫ֱʩչһд似䣬֣ȫȼ˻𣬵˵ϡ
ʱɽһˣͲҪˣȫ£
ϾɽصһֱעŵȻԾնһľɫâûһɫСһ㣬ֱƹɱѷֵߣ
ɫСȥٶȼ죬߸оΣգǣȴ㲻ΪƹҲʮֵ߲Ѳ
С׾Թ϶Ȼ
ۡ
ߺʵУʱѪ
źˣָоһǿֻţʩչ似ҲƹȻŹûһţԲɨնϣϵԪȻը
ߵӣʯͷһ㣬ڿлһߣȥ
ȥķǡްǰף


179 Ҫ
ǰǸѪҰ壬ް켱ɲͣס˲ӣ
ߣްϣΪһʱֵסĺ̶ӵ׷ɱ
Ȼʱϣˮһ㣬ˣ
ţղͷųɫСĻһԾߵԱߣǵްܵ·ϡ
ôʱ⻤ΣһӴѹʱɢŨѪζľ˵ֱǿһɹڵأͷġ
Ȼϲǰ㣬һһ߼ǿߣ߼ѹóϵĺԲһЩܵĸо
飡
ѹ֮£һǿȥ
飡
һǿܲѹϥڵϣ
顭
ǿȫȥֻʣް߼佫Ϊǿްޣ޵˼£ס
һްñɣһø߼ǿߣȻ£Ȼʩչ͵ϮֶΡ
϶ްＫΪ񣬵Ƕް仰ȴЩͬһ߼½ϣҲѾվڼߵĵطˣȴо
ްĻ䣬ƹһǿʲôʸ˵ɣɱԽ踾ŮеʲôֶΣҵĿĴﵽ˾У죬ȺǿȺޣһӲȥ
ҪʲôֻҪһ·ҶӦ㣡ް첻ˣΪѾûŵʱֻܷһ
ƹûеЦֻ˵ţҪްްﲻĺ̶ӵЩôĿЩԩ꣬ô԰Ϣ
һ˵ĺ̶ӵЩ۾ģʪʪģһɽҪΪҸ籨ҪɱȺǿ
תȥŵˣһѪϻһԵİ̺ۣȻղ˲᣻ٿŸղһսĺ̶ӵĻҲ˲٣һ̾Ϣڿս֮϶ôɣ
ް⻰һĬȻ֮󣬾׶˵ҪɱңҲҪĴۣ
ƹûᣬ˵ţҸҪ֪ĺ̶ӵߣ˭˭ʹģΪŴĺ̶ӵĻ
ԣްɫ΢䣬һȻĳ鴤ת˲ţ˵ǿȻҪģ˭Ķã˭ĶֵǮ˭ģĺ̶ȴһֻ򣬲ǣ˭ÿζĵأֻҪ˶üҪʲôߣ
˵˵ţް쾹ȻЦ
Ҳеζǰһ٣濴ô򵥣˵ǣʲôı֮Уһ򵥵٣һײеǿͷӣﻹҪһͣǿ٣Ҫ
ƹһɲغȵÿһε·ߣһε֪ģһǰ
ް죬˵
˵ģһǧַ˵ġ
ŶƹвްԱʯ١۶ȴûôЩ¡
Ŷƹ£꺺ӣҲǽ壬ްȥҪ¡
ްûģҲͶʮңվŵģȴֻˣڵϣʹ಻ѣȻûս
ĺ̶ӣȴô໤ǿĻᶼûУҲԱĻᶼûްֱоϢ߼ѹãֻɽץ
ʱһͻأǸҪģ
ĺ̶Ȼ
֮£Ȼ˸Ҳ֪ô˵仰
˽ͷתȥķԴȴǳ˵ģ
ƹ񿴵ǳϣüͷ壬ղųϵɱǿ׺ݣҲǿﶼһ뷨Сӵ׵Ļͽĺ̶ӡ
ǣʱȴ˵ôһ仰
Ҫ˵СΪ˾ް죬ǶƹǾȻŵģղɱްǿǿһҲûƹʵҪʲô
ղԲѷҴӦˣҪץãϵӲӵζζ⣬ĿȴЩǣϾһǸ߼Ҳ֪˵ʲô֮Ļǲá
ԣζн䱸ţҪսսǡ
ƹ˳ϵĻȴۣ˵ҪҲҪôأ


180 л
ҪҲҪôأ
ƹĺ̶ҲǾþӸλȻһϣټϱΪϳһ佫ϸء
ϣڶƹ񣬻߼ǰһֱ߼ǸӦˣҲףΪʲôϢްǿ߶ȥˣȴûһ佫ԣҲʩ˺ƴѹ
֣ȴûа쳣۾˸һ£ɫֻǵ˵ġ
ƹǧֳϿܵĻش䲻ٱ粻֪ߵغ˵һ䡰ҾԼȥȵȵĻ
ȴôҲûõ˵ƹɵΪʲô
¶Цݣû˵óް죬ѾųϴСӣҲԼʲôƾ㣬ץӣԶˣҪӽǵҪ㿳ɼʮ飬ڻĽҰιħޣٴŮץȥ裬һ˲ˣްôֵܣ϶ܽŮˡ
ް죬ҲȥΪѾһԾǰһƳ˦ȥһƣŭȼյ쳣أһֱӾͽްݣ˦һȥ
һѪˮް쾹ȻЦ˵ǲǷǳŭŭ죬ŭ죬ǲǺһɱңɱ۾һ£ɱӿ
ް죬һȴţ˴ϣԼںζ뼤ŭϣóһɱ
ΪҪĺ̶ӵϣǺ˵ᱻʳһЩ˵Բ˵Ķ
ԣްþȫŭųϡ
ֲɵӣģһЦҵˣôܹȥ
⻰ްһ㶣һƬ䣬䳹ǣѿڶ㿴ˣ
ûлشֻǶԶƹ˵ƹˣһ㣬ڣΣȻͬʱ֣лһ伫ĸ߽ϵĴҲ൱Σգеĵƶ¶
ⲻǳԸģԣһ
ƹ۾ղųһԾĻ棬ǰ϶Сӣ϶һ佫ô򵥣ǰɱЩˣ似δδţ֪ӺδѧãѵĳĳɳĵӣǵԽӴӴ
ôһǣްҲӲȥҲ׼Ӧǣôһнĺ̶ӵĶƹ񣬾ôӦĻᱻ˿ᡣ
ˣƹȵղɱ˲ǿķϣ˿Ը㣬ʮӺ󣬱뻹ңǻģˣǾͱҲ
л
ϱȭ˵ȭͷֱްȥȭͷкްֱоÿһȭǱСɽѹһ£ʮȭްɢ˼ܣ
󣬳ް죬Ҫζǰζãߵ·ϣȴͣס˲ӣŶƹ˵Ϊ˸лƹղŵӦʣСӾһ̶ӣ
ƹɻ󿴵ϽµǸˣ۾
˵Ҫװ𣿡
˵ţһŲȥʱ´Һ֮
Һ֮ˣǱˣǰǸ̽·ˡ
ǰ÷ǿʩչĻϵ似Ͽǻˣǣȡ˵֮ʱϵĻ棬ȻϨ
ԣ϶϶ˣװ
ΪʲôҪװǾײˣްͨ籨ŵˣ
˿ųϵһ˿Թ϶һ̴ֱ̣ϴȥһߣ¼ӴֱҪȳͬʱŶ̴̵ֱۣҲȥ
ƽţֱϣʱꡱĹͷʣ˵ֱۣˣ
Ȼ󣬳߳һţֱߵ˶ƹǰƹһŵסͬ˲ȵڵأ۾ȴǿųϣﾪȲѣôΪ˽ˣҾȻó߷һţȴޱȣʲôʱôһᣬѾ佫磬Ϊȴһ佫ǿ̫ˡ
Ϊľȣƹȵļһĺ̶Ŵ㣬㾹Ȼֵܽأ
ϲȥ˼ҵ飬ްζǰ˵ζֻҪȡôй
ӣáζЦ˵


181 Ȥ
ϾɽްսѾӽβ
ʣûˣ˼ҪҪѶ֮⣬ǿƹ̶ӵĻǣйߣм䣬ǸҪΪ籨ѩ޵ĻֶΪÿһǿʹʹǿȥȴƫƫˣֻʹĥ
ߣһϢ棬֪ĸ߽׽죬˺ֶΣȻԱãֻܹԹԾܣ˶ƹ
ްڱζпĥ֮Ȼͻ˶ƹ񣬶ƹްһ˿ɱĻᣬǼʽǵҪްõشĺĻ
Щ޹أζ˻ȥղһս˵ȽɣȴҲջƿأΪȷȭŵʩչҲвٵᣬɬĸоѾȥ
иҪһ㣬ϱֻԽԪΪΣʵԴˡ
ǣһĲľٶȴóϷ֣սʱǽԪȻ໥ںϵƣںϺܴȻ˽Ԫǰԣ
⣬ֻǳϵĸо᣻ҲţȴʵʵڵĴڡ
ϻţںϣȴҲҲָоںϳɹûзȻһһţζԱߣһ˫ֱޱĳϡ
˶˵ŮˣʵˣҲζζò޹أζһĵεΣӿģҸ
ֻҸ֮У˿˿꣬ŮģеģĵУζãĴ棬ƺסһŮˡ
Ҳ˿꣬ζһһ촦ЦŭҲãԡĬĬҲãζԽԽϰдߵʱ⣬һ죬ΪǸŮˣ뿪ζĲ֪ǺãЩ¡
ԾɱۣţԶƹҪ߹̸ʲôǼҲʹס˽ŲͬʱԳԽԽЩͣһһ˿˿ʱ䶼᲻˷ѵˣ⣬պдɾͣ
СĪҪѧˣƹԱߵС˵
СĪһƲ죬ÿ춼Ȥ𣿡
һָŲһջҲȤƹЦ˵߽ȥ߽ѾϵĻװ
ǰȥƹһݣ˵лϸղŶ
߽˰֣ǷģûбҪ˵лڿʼҶ壬ҲǷʲôʹ˱
˵߽꣬ȶƹػתԾУԾ֮󣬱ʧ˵ƹһ̾ϢҪܽĺ̶ӣͺˣֻϧ֮ǰһֻǷһζ飬飬ȫԽ
̾Ϣţƹ񾹽ĿƵ˳ϣǲǳģҪúýʶһǴɻǴģʶպĺ̶ӣֻкôûлνаһĳǾ͸ˣҪʹȫĺ̶ӣͣΪԺ󻹲֪أ
ƹԸȥȳϣǻһõĳȻ󣬲ʲôԸ㣻ңƹ񻹽ӵȫߣǰһսƹף˼ҿ϶֪ڼ˼ҵƢãûмƽϣЩˣ˵ĳλͻȥ
󣬶ƹ񻹽СĪ˶ӴЩʱСӱȴ˹õö࣬ңСĪСӣԲһ㣬˭ҪǽСǱضϴ
ްǿһ֮󣬶ƹлƿɽڵЩʯ飬֪鳵
ɽڵʯ鲻٣ҪȫƿҲҪѲٹ򣻲ĺ̶ӵĻڱôնɱǿ֮󣬾񶼻ţҲǶʮ㡣
ƹͬ廹мˣô˻ῪʼѶɽﲻĲҽȻǶƹ˿̡
Щʯ飬Ѿ˽һ룬仹ڼţٶ½Ƕˡ
ϻڳںϣһһεʧܡ
ͻأĿ䣬һۣ㿴ζգζôͻȻһĶΡ
ȴûЩǾֱվϾɽڴ
ԶĳԼٶȣϾɽ


182 ζ
ԶǵصĳһֲõԤУ
ĶңɬζһƬĳȴûлңΪãдڣûʲôǽ˵ģֵطܰȻ֮߳Ŵα׷ɱǷΪʤгķƵǰѹؽо޴ǸˮС
ˮУ
֣ζͻֳ˾֮ɫһ׷ɱ֮ʱˮУؼˮϵؼǰЩӣһΪ¶࣬һΪȫû뵽¶ȥ
ԣζ˼ˮУóһۣǾǣӲ˫ԣҲԣԣˮʣ
һۣʱζ˵
ʣʲôζǣζ֪緢ִʣǾԻἯеӣ̫үү϶ҲԽ̵
˵ʵϢ½ȥô½Ϊ֮ҿ϶ڱλȻһڣԲôһţΪڼʮϰ󣬴ӾͻпвһڵĵλһڵͳΡ
һһڽ֣һǽһڵӪǣӲӦǱ𣬽һпܶɱѿ״̬
½ϵҲ֣ʥţԽȵȣЩ½ϵʵ֪ж١
ЩζѰģֿʼʮֵĵǣⵣ֮УζԺֻĵðһͷԣ᲻ԣӵнľˮԪ
ζԼͷסˣﲻͣطţԲܣôԾȫ˴ڣⲻǱǷ½궼ûгֹ飡
ȻͣطζԺȴصһȻѾˣΪβԣ
ζΪ˾ŶˣΪӿܶ鷳ǣûʧ֮£ԽԽĳǴشĺ¡¡ţ
ǲ֪ζ뵽ʲôѶĶƹҲ˳վ˳ϵߣͬüͷ壬֪Ǻηʥ
Ͼɽɢȥɢ֮¶˱ŵˣȴһȺˣ֮࣬ٶɢϢҲް£ֻȺûվĵطǰްվ֮ء
ʲôˣƹѸо߲ƣȻû˿ɣٶ佫ɱԿľĺ̶ӣĺ̶ǰһս˲٣ټϰʯͷģڿ˵˵սͣԼҲֻܷƽʱһ벻ʵƹ̾ϢҪǶûߣͺˣЩɱ⣬ڻ¡
ʲôˣ
˻ƣŤһ㣬֪ǹΪ֮ԭһ㶼
ƹü˺ߣȴŻصĺ̶ӵĶƹ񡣡
Ŷԭ㻹һµģãϻͲ˵ˣҲ˭ĿģֻһǾǴ٣ֻٻȻǲϣҪһЩ£Ǿͱ¸ɱԽ˵Խݡ
ƹ㲻ӺζŰ취ʱ䣬Ҫôٷ
ôٷϻɵ˲ɣһȫҪߣħޣڶǵĴָȫҪҽ
ҪҲأ
Ǿȭͷ˵
ƹûеƣԽԽˣò̧Լ֣һֻһ߼佫ȡΪӵ𣿡
ƹΪ⻰Щʱȥ
ȻƹĻո£˿Ц˵ϻͷˣҪװһѣղһսǲɣڻܷӳ߳ɵʵ߽Ѿ˰ɣƾһɱʮ佫ɱʮʮɱһٸɱɱˣԣʶȤһ㣬Ǯ֣󣬲ûˣҲˡ
ƹô֪ЩϢģ
ҵİ취߽Ҫûߣһ治ϧˡ
ϿǰЩˣɫѾƽƹٴвĺ̶ӣԺǾͲаӣްӣ


183 ֮Σ
ƹް壬Ⱥǿͣһ¡
ǸһֱЦĺӣ۾ɽﻹûüްԱʬ壬̿ˮĿ΢΢ľ⡣
ƹ״ȴ˵λҪǾʹȥ֮ǰһŲ㣬ԸϾң
Ͼң뵽ЩƱֺӵĿ⣬һλ
ȵȻΪϾңΪĺ̶ǿϰǧϾҡ
һ뵽ֺӵĿ⣬˸ᶨޱȣ
ƹ񿴵ֺӵ۾ɢĹâüͷʱУֹâϤˣ̰ƹԽʾ֭˵¿ҪˣɱȻɱһٸ佫һҪɱ㣬ӵõߣɱǣҲңɱңɱңգҶȫɱ⣡
ϻŴĲɣҪɱңҪȴһٸ佫İΧУɱɱóɣպıʶ֪˭𣿿ңΪһӵóȥ𣿡ֺԽ˵۾ĹâԽ͸ģһ˻
ֺӵȻ᲻÷һŻᣬԴǸһ֮ǰǿ֮Ϊûް˼̣ÿζĶӡ
̶һµʱڣʹһᣬᣬֻԶѭȥĴ磬Եް©ˮ
µķչòڵĹģպòõģд̽ްҪĺ̶ֵϢһǣŵеľӢ׼ްĺ̶ƴһܾ֮ʱ֮
֪ķչްﱻȫˣĺ̶ȻʧҲͦأȴ򣻶ڴˣֻ̾һǸ߼ɲӦġ
׼ȥҪȥްѣܲܵõʲôôɳֻ̽˵Ǹ߼ˣôϢԥǰ׼һѣ
ֺ¶ģһƱͽϴ֣Զѭȥһ̣°뱲ӿ϶ٻˡ
ƹֺӵĻ֪˵ʵҲ׽Ʋˣ϶һɱһѪսӲȥνҲûʲô˵ġ
ǣСĪԲ¶ѾĴСĪһӵóȥ
ƹתųϣüΪֿ˵Сֵܣܰһ𣿡
ûʲô£˵ң
ƹһ㶣û棬û˵仰ʲôģʲô֣ƹһ֪ǣƹټǰǷǣ˵СֵֻҪӦˣһ
ЦЦǿɲһ
СֵܣֻҪСĪ͵ɽڵĺ̶ӣʱĺ̶ϣƹֱ˵˳ɨһЩǿֵңҿΪϺ󣬱֤㰲Ȼѡ
ϻЦһЦһ׵⣬ʲô񣿿˵һ𣿡
óʳ⣬ƹ۾һ£ľ鿴ǰ˲Ӧ˲Ŷԣڡ
ƹߵСĪҲԳͶȥӵĿ⣬ȻתͷԶƹ˵ҲߣҪһ
϶Դˣûᣬ䲻̰ƣĿġ
СĪ˵㲻¶ƹѵһ䣬ָϽԳ˵ʮϾҡ
ҡҡͷ
ʮϾң
ϻҡͷ
ƹǿѾɱ˹ĺ̶ӵĻȥؽһݣ˵ʮϾң
ɲÿɷ
СֵܣҪ٣˵
ҲҪϾҡ
Ҫʲôƹø
ֻҪֶһԪʯһ޺ˣ
⣬ƹŻعֱԼͿϾҶߵӰ죬ԶԶûԪʯ޺˶ߵӰСĪһ߷߷߲ƽƹֹСĪʵҪ٣
࣬ʮƷԪʯٿƷԪʯٿƷԪʯ⣬һ޺ٿţ޺ʮţ޺ʮţۺԵģԣ
֮Σ侮ʯ㲻ǺˡСĪȳ˵꣬
ƹüëҲǾҵس鶯ϵҪ󣬼ֱʨӴſڣǣµƣҪģûˣЩ֮ʲô
Ǻƹµ˵˵ģҶӦ㣬ǣһҪ𣬽СĪشĺ̶ӣ
ǿɲУ



184 ĥ
ҪԪʯҪ޺ˣǿɱʮϾҹϲ١
ǣƹȴǼΪɴشӦֻҪϽСĪͻĺ̶ӡ
Ȼڴˣ˵˾䡰С
ҪԪʯҪ޺ˣȴֲ£СĪƲ˵ҲߵģҪһ𡣡
ƹҲɵۣʵСֵܣʲô˼
һЦСĪͻȥĺá
ƹԻ
ԹԵ˵Ը⣬Ҫı귭
귭Сֵܣƹƣûиʱ䣬˷ּۻϣСĪһ˵ǶСӲɣˣǣ
ҵĻû˵ꡣϽǰĻ귭ҿ԰Щǿ㻹ţȻԽͻȥˡ
ƹ۾𾪣ĿϬޱȣҪϿ͸ϵкֵ˵˴󻰣СĪҲһԳĬһ˫۾ֱѳ϶ס
ζûйЩǸ춯Ϣ
˵ҿ԰ЩǿֻҪ귭
˻棿ƹϽʵ
棡
ã㣬ֻҪɱЩǿͷ
ƹûԥİ壬³Ϸһƹһ˲俼˺ö࣬׳ĺ̶ӵ磬Ժ·Ͱȫö֮࣬ǰĺ̶ӵĻﱻ٣ʧͳ˳ҪıꣻΣǸ⣬ϵ
ƹͷתͷζ˵ζʹȥȥ
Сһ㡣
İɡϵڻصѾǿȺС
ųϿƶӰСĪʵ𣿡
ƹ۾С
Щǿһ佫˹ûзϣţһɵӣƾһˣܺǶɣϽ
ӣֻˣһƱǿ϶ˡ
Ҳѹǿ˵ĻĿǰĺ̶еĻȫɱȴ͵סǿǰĽŲ
ϧʧˣǲ֪ǹƥɱǰ佫Ǵʲô
ϳ˽ȥ嵽˸ղ˵ǰȭͷϽۣȰһתƹǿɱУȭͬʱ˵˵ؿ֮ϣ
ʱǿؿݣѪֱ£Ŀ𾪵־ĵزɵӣȴֻһȭͽǸˡ
⣬˭ɵӣ
ȥǣֻǸ̸ʲô似ʲô켣ȭͷֻȭͷȴӵԽԽˮһ㡣
ֻת֮䣬нǿ˳ϵȭ¡
ô״ƹϵĳݾȥϵģȫϲЦգ켴СĪζһ𣬼սš
ϲûнǰȺǿ¶ЩǿȻ佫ɴ󲿷ֶǳ佫߽佫ô
ʵһرõĥʯܹõشԼ壬õĥ似
ϵעȫԪں棬ֻнԪǰԣԺĶս֮УҪռٵĺ⡣
ڣϵ飬ݡ
ϵȻˣɱǿĥԼңкãҪЩԪʯ޺ˣȫΪڵ׼ģģǵҪڵιǸôģ
УЩǿô˵Ҳһ佫϶ٻЩɣЩϵȻ֮
Ѿнʮǿ˳ϵȭ£ǿǿĳϣǸֺӣΧססҪɱ
ȭͷѪ·ֺͨӡ
ֺﾪȲѣĺ̶ôһһɱĶƹĿɬǸȭͷ佫ôоҪ
ȻѾ˲ˣģǼɱȥǾʹߣʧһ£ʲôôûţԺ󣬵ͻ˥䣬ʵ
˿ϣֿ˿ƹֺҧҧ൶ὣɱȥʶƹôҲһֻһ佫ѡ
Ȼ佫Щ̬ٱ̬ǲҲֻ佫
ϣֺ֪ɱ˿̵Ѿһľ磬һȭȴֻȻɡ
ֺϽˣһȣ


185 Խ
ֺɱ
ʱһȺǿΧ˫ȭѾӳ
أҿʲô
ֺ˵ţҫŻĵͽֱϺ󱳿ȥΪһУ
Ϊɱսôʱ䣬ֺӾֻ˫ȭͷս˿ȭͷȻļסͬ㡣
£
ֺǴţ
ţ
ֺӵĵ˲伲
⵶潣ƿ֮ʱƣϵ˫ȭһ㣬һתֺӡ
ȭȭն
ֺӿת䣬͵һ飬ô֣
ţֺӿȭͷĵ뽣
϶ʱɫޣҲȸԾֱȭͷײҵĵͽǿƷ
ֺӵĵͽҲģĵҲΪ⵶⽣ֺпаٷ֮ٵģֱֻۣˢˢ̶ٿԴ
飡飡
ϵֻȭͷ뵶ֱײһ𣬶ôһ˫ȭ뵶ײȻײ˽
һײͷ֡
ֺӽնȥʱϻǵóѵЦݣһײ֮£Цݣʱͱ𾪡㵡־塭
һɾ޴͸˲䴫ֺÿһ䣡
ֺӸоܵ޴ѹѹ͸ңɲþ˵һѰѷСƻ壬ţѪӿȪˮһӿ˳
״̬´ȭ֮󣬱˹۾ͬҹ¹⣬Ȼټ¾ɱǿǾôͣ˵Ÿղ״̬
Ȼûг֣ЩǿҲϽһ㿴ңҿ㣬۵С۵ģʵղųϵǿͣǸסˣסˡ
ͬΪ佫һʮ佫Ǽֱǲ佫˿һȭ͸ɵһˣӻرҡ
ϸоŴȭĵεΣǽԪתտʼǿڣ߾˼桢ۺһôҲںϲˣԽԽ󡭡
ǣһսʱԪͬʱǽԪǣ֮УתתҽеĽԪҲԽԽࡣ
߾Ȼң㣬ͬת
ҲΪˣȥ˽ԪǷʡ
ˣԽڽ𣡡ţһʵ
һߣڵϣҵðѪǵֺӣŸʲôϰϽᣬȥɱˣ˭ɱĲͷʮ֮һ
һͣһ߼пЩǿʵѡǻڿš
Ǳߣƹʮ׼ǿΧҲ˳ϵĴôҲ벻׳Ϊʲôڵû֪һ
ƹԺҲ֣սУƴɱ֮УôܻжأУĶĴۣ൱ذ
ǰЩǿҪǿȥɾѲ⡣
ƹȥȳϣѾģټϱ佫Χлм߽佫ˣƹЩ
ɱȥ
ֺһȡ
ǿϰûжˣҲ΢һЩе뵽ղſ϶ˣأ
ôһ룬ȥˣ͸ˣ
ֺӣҲҪָһ
ǵǽȻƬƬѿ
žһأ
һĻֺӵѾһС룬켴ֺһ£ڵء
ֻ۾ûкɫȫǰɫ
ɫ۾ɫ棬԰ֽǿԽԽģҲȡһĻҲǰɫɡ
⡭⡭ôܣֺӵͷƲһֻȭͷȻƷĵˣʲôʵһ佫𣿡
ǵѣǰǿǣˢˢͣ²ʹţų˾ȵ״˿־Ļߣ
ע⵽Ķƹ緭
еˣǸվͦӰȴΡɽ
ͻأڳˣƹɫһ׺ɣǰ䣡
ΪϵϢڱ䣡
ƹһͻƣ


186 ͻͻ
ͻƣ
ƹһȣϾɽΪߵߡ
ԣڵһʱϢı仯
˵ǰɱս֮ʱ򣬶ƹֱѣɱս֮ʱˣǺпܣԷ֣ͷ
Σգ˶Ե֮ʱͻҲ͸ΣˣرǸͻ֮ʱܲܳƾһ¶ǳɹͻƣʲô¾Ӧзһȵȣȫһ״̬Եмǲ㣬ԺܴĿһ֮ʣغգһԴľ档
֮ڣ˭ͻƣԱػ
ɳϵãֱӾѪȵɱ¾սϣҪݣͻƾ磡
رǣʱ˿̣ϿǶͻư
Σոأʮ𼱡
ͻƣ
ʵԳ˵иоΪͻƣ⻹ͷһ⣡
Ȼڱ˵Ϊ佫ܹնɱҲֻǱΪ̫ǿһ̬佫
ôֻ̬佫ѡ
Լ巢¶ߵ·ӣ½ϣߵ·ӣȻͬ
ȣ̳üΪǿ֮£һһδţǰδеġǬһŰķʽλʦԪ֮£ǿ̶ȣһ¥
֮󣬾Ǹָĥͱ屻ˣӦ˼һ˵ͺѶʲôӰ죻ԣҲˣ
쾭çɽľԺ󣬳ߵ·͸Ϊˣ
Ҳԭ򣬳ϵһνӴͻƣ
ͻƵĸоҲܹ죬۲ɼķʽţڵԪ糱ˮһӿľӴԪӿ֮£ֱ˲١
Ԫӿһˮһ㣬ŰÿһطʲôѪ⡢ÿһϸԪŰ֮£
ңЩԪճҺһĸо
Щ仯óʹϲţǣˮһԪƺһ˵ıݣסԪ仯
ȻǵһθоͻƣֱҪһݣֻĴݣͻƾ磬Ϊ
ˣϵеԪһݣһ֮£þȫһȭȴһ޻ϣ˲֮С
һûгɹ
˹ͷȻԪһһĳš
羪İһ㣬ʯգ
ÿһζ޹ɳִżӣȴŰս
һУڵʯ֮䡣
ߣΪƱݶս
ǱߣƹȴǾĲѣЩǿʱȥǳϵΣյΣյĵزڣЩǿֺӣųȭͷͽƷĵѣ˽ԾҾ壬ǰ
⻹öƹ𾪵ģ𾪵ǣоϵͻƣֻǴӳ佫ͻƵн佫ͻƵ߽佫ǰ㡣
ǣ佫ͻƵ
ϰĶƹ񣬼ϡŹֵ¶𾪵¶Բ٣ûмʧص£Сӣ䶥ʮҰɣѾͻƾ磬ˣ
ţƹҲöˣ
ʮпܳΪţǾ޽У
סһҪסţЩǿһҪϹϵ˵δԲɹƹţתԱУѪֹ
ɶƹҲô˻ᣬϧȼڵԪһԾԾ˳ϵߣ
ֺӵǿھ֮УûлصùƹͻȻϵߣǿȫѣֺʶǸȭ鵶Сӣʲô
ǺֺӿЦ֪СӣĺţҺ㣬һ佫ȭͷƷǰ޹ˣֻҲǺߵ£ƾһ㣬½һţϧͻƣͻƵ̫ʱˣͷĺ飬ʹɫͻưɣҲҾͰһѣͻƵȥ벻Һôһ죬Ȼɱһľţ
ֵǣóǸŮʱǹɾɱȥ룬ǽɱһţǽõıǵѪɡ
̼ǿǣ˵Ļǿǵ۾ˡ
ʱζ֮ľлعΣԥ붼ûһ£ֱӳǰ뽣֣ػڳһ࣡
뽣Ŀ⣬ʱģ


187 
ζó뽣뽣һ
ֱѽƽѽǷ𣿡
ƹҲŤͷȥо뽣ϢȻϣҲֳһĨɫ
ͬʱ²ţһһŮʲô֣еľ㹻ˣһ佫ܵϰٸ佫˵ƴɱ֮ʱͻƣŮģн״ʦΪеĽȻװ˵ǴӴɻǴ߳ģǾûţһǿ׷ʬǧѪɺӵĴڡ
ıƹЩĶˣǰ˭ܲĶһǿߣԲĶǾ͸˵ֻнĶƹˣ
ǿ˻һԣƹһӦԣܴСĪӳȥǶƹ񶼺пܣתԳٶᱦˣ
ڣƹ̰ȴṵ̂ʧǣû־ףɹɱߣɹܴСĪӳȥ
ҲΪˣƹѹеԼģͲҪȥ룻һһŮеĲ˵ΪˣҪŴ󱳾ܸһʦһ𱦽϶ǸҪǣǿɲĺ̶ܳܵģĺ̶Ҳǲ
ʲô£ŭǣǵȴǵģͽǻ
ƹѹ̰ɺǿǾ;޿ѹµģ⻹ǺʶΪ뽣ֻǷѣҪ֪뽣ǹӣͬ˼룬
˿̣˵ţ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣պҵĵˣһѷǻ׬˰
ζûŲѵĺֻתͷųϣ˵ӣһģǰ㽫һں棬죬㣬Ҫɱ㣬͵Ƚɱҵʬǰ
ӴǶһС˶С椣ɣҪǰеı͹ֵǰ˯һҾСɣĿ⣬̰һζ۾Ŀ⣬ȷĹҪ
˷˵Ļڣζ϶Ѫ
ɴ˿̣ζδţֻþȫܣܣΣգ
еˣζһŪˣüͷ˵ʲôܣѵ˵ǻаֲɣ
Լ˲õԤУǲǣɱᱦ
ֵǣϰһƱԺʲôʲôʲôŮ˶УֻҪɱǣɱǡ
ţ
ƹ״ʱ֮ʣоУƴʩչţɫĹâĴ
Ͼ֣ͬ졣
һʱ䣬ùǰʮ佫ȫм
ϺڵˣִеʽǸСӣǸСӣ꣬ԼζɱȥҪζеı
ζںűܣζƾʦΪǵסȺǿģֲ֪ʲôʱܽɹĿǰΨһİ취ܺܣ
ǣɽ󲿷ֵصɽһܴóȥҲһüźԽԽζһ߰ڵĻԪ׼һһţܣһҪһҪʱ
ʱϾɽһξľڵϵܣͻضһҲһ飻ܷ𣬿Ͼɽķ˺һĿ¶׹⣬󲽣Ͼɽȥ
ͬʱζа벽֮࣬а˵С椣㿴㣬ϸƤģεεģҪǱǶ಻ãӵĻѱ˸ߡ
Ļû˵꣬ζһȣһ뽣ϵĻ棬Լɫ
뽣ն£
⧲ʱһ˿ڣͷ
һûúѪĽ
ΪҪѪȫ뼫֮Ļ棬յֱˡ
뽣Ѿߣ滹ڷźʹúʹѣһΧ⣬ֱмֱ˷ĩ
ȻϣȴЦݣޱȵЦݣʹҧЦ˵ԭѱǼ򵥵ķҲƷƷƷֵˣ̵ֵ
ζŵĳϣڲͣȴõʱԺͻһ⣬뵽һӣ


188 ͻƳɹ
ζн״ʦΪȴ˸߽佫ĺһ
ζĳ䲻⣬ûз⣻еԭ򣬾һڲܸϵ۵֮£ζҲǼΪ̿࣬Ϊ˲١
Ҫԭǣ뽣
뽣Ʒƣ⽣˹أ
ҪҪζĻϵǵؽƷ
ԣζڳ״ʦ֮ʱ
پ뽣󣬼ǿѾ˼ż֮ϣ
ˣζղһУƣ
Ȼ뽣ں˵ζΪ̫ͣӻ뽣Ҳܽһ
൱ڣζһСһˣСзභ
ҲǺ޿ֵԭ
ζСȴֲһС޻֮ôñ˴򵹣Ҫǣζļ֣Ҫƽó
Ļζصƾ㣬߻뽣ֱǳ롣
Ž뽣һն¡
˷ȥ
һأǻ뽣ϣûҫŻɫĹâľɫ
ľԪľϵ似
ľɫâʱ󾪣æתһߣϧһ뽣ն˺ĺ֮ϣ
ʱǡꡱĹ
ζʩչĿǰʩչ似֮ڵԪѾ֮һգɫҲòҰײҰס
ת۾ȫ׹⣬ζҧгݵ˵ľ˫ʣһţϧϧǶɣղУʩչ似ɣҿ㾿ʲôʽ˵ңסҡ
ֻҪһû˺ӣζһɫľȻ
Ҿͣɱ㡣ʱѾϧˣ£˫ȭֱȥζӽȥնɺмһУһȭζϡ
ζѪѪֱ絽ϣͬʱ뽣бն
һ˲䣬Ѫ۾˿˿ң뽣ֽʵһӣӲ̫ΪζԪѾʧ̫̫ˣǲʢһ˿ڣȫǻ뽣Ϊ֮ʡ
Ҫ׽Ҫץȥúĥһ٣һ
ҾҲóѣζһŭ£ŵˣڳˣɣӵʲôطĺǣҲȡңұ֤ǻñҲһٱ
ˣƤҲ⣬뵽ƷĴʦԲһˣǣ¹£̰ռžԵϷ磬ŻӣӲŴģɱ˭֪ġ
˵ٵζ˵ǲζ˵ζ˵һЩηĻԣֵֺǣɱǣѾˡ
ں֮ʱζֺηسȥ
һߣƹǾžȣȣȻΪζľ˫ԣƷ˺õʣҲ¶
ƹǰζ˵ĻҪ֣Ͼɽˣһ⣻ϧҲʵڳ鲻ǿǲϵϹƹΪͻеĳϲܵӰ죬߻ħѾƴ֪˶ˣŽЩɱн
ʵûһȥζ
ϣϵʹ࣬ʢ
ȴϲţΪҵ˳ƱݵķǾǣԽ
ûԪȥֻ˽ԪԪںеűݣǵضȥ
ںĽԪڸոմǲ֮ʱϾظоݳܲסɹʼѣ
ȵѣһѣ̶һ棬ȻӦһ㣬ÿһıݣѣڱ
ݱ֮ʱǱҾʹ֫ޱȵľʶʧŻϵһ쳣µĸоʶڱǿ󣬸֪ԽǿҲ׳󣬾ǰһ
ϲûͻƵ״̬֮£ֻͻƿҪɡ
Զк¡¡ϾɽԽԽ


189 
ζƴˣѾѪȾķɣ
С椣ٸһᣬҾҪִݻˡռϷ磬ŵ˵
һû룡
ãҾͳȫ㣬ļֵɾСöˣֻҪǮʲôŮҲ˵ţҲˣζǰػǶûãֻǺһֱѹţѾѹƲסˣԣҪٶȣζɱǸͻƵСӣԶѭ
һɱС
ζ飬ֻͷ֮ʱ۾ǲᣬӣҪһػ㣬ֱһ̣
ɱмϮ
ʱк¡Ͼɽᣬȴһŭ
Ͼɽصţ಻
ŤͷȥֻһӴӰɽڳ˵߳
ܣôӴܣôҲϡ
û˵꣬Ϳһ߿ܣһŭһӻڱ󡭡
ӵı󣬺ͫףҲŵ󣬡ֹ弶Բֹô䣬ȵס죬ȫȥסҪ
ǣֻһȺ佫ܵס
ܾһսֱѹ˹ʲô似֮ܶһŲȥе޲ΪһࣻһǿֱӱĵУײɽϡ
˿ɵܵУ
¶ɫ֪£Ȼǵסܵģֻǳɻôܵ
ǡڴʱζϲشţܣܣ
ȻζǰĴ󺰴УԭеıܣȻ弶ϵܣֱһҪѪĸо
ǣڲ££Ҫ뾡취
۾һת⣬ﺰҪܣȥץסǸСӣסǸͷɱǸСӡ
ͬʱҲζץȥҪץסζв
ζˣҲǶһԼ֣ٶһ£ӾܸȫһҪס
ȡÿһ˿˿ԪζŻ뽣ԹأֻأȫԼ
ֻǣ֮ʵ࣬ʵ̫ˣƴе˵Ĵֻۣħ֣ζĲץȥ
ʱ򣬳л쳣ǿСĪץȥʣ޼˵Ļƴǰֵϲһѵǿǰ棻ƹҪСĪֽ֣ѾٹǳϵİΣֻ뻤СĪİȫϧЩҲ֪ʱ̣ƴǿѲȥ
ŭѾȥܵǰˣҲЩǿϵĵ򽣣ֻһǰҰײҪζ
ǣ֣ζĲӣֻһȭ֮ң
һ˲䣬ܽζЮ֡
ϣŵɫ
Ȼһ˲䣬۾۾˸оǳ
֣ζĲץȥ
һץץץˡ
ֻϧץŵĲζĲӣһֻȭͷ
ֻȭͷȻǳϵȭͷ
ֱ죬̧ͷһͿ۾Ũɱ
ˣ
Ǻڿ۾ģԺһʱӿͷ
ȺԺڶͷһʹʹӺƣȫ
ֻϻȭΪƣսֻ֣ꡱûɣƵĹͷȫѣһɾʹ˲ʹ˺ϰȫ
Ȼ⻹ûֻ꣬ǿʼ
ֹǶˣѪ⣬ҲԽԽѪըƣȫ飬Ѫ⡭ôм׷
ĲҺţû˺ڹɷǣ֪һУһ̲ˮҲ
½ϣʲôСڡ鵤ҩۣ
Ҳ֪ʱԽͻƵһ磡
ˣܲأ
ζһһŭţоһʹĿרؿųϣ˵ζػ㣬£ָԪڣû˻㣡
ζԹԵص˵ͷֱӾô˳ĵϡ
϶ź˵ô𣿡


190 Ա
ô𣿡
ϵø䣬úȫǿ־塣
ҪɱңʲôУʹѣȴԸϽ仰˵˳
ҡͷУ
һʹһҿˡ֪첻ˣԷ϶Ĺԣûټȥֻ벻ĥøɾ
У㲻ʹȥҪܾĥ
⻰ЦҾǿĵһ𣬾֪ôһ죬СӣǿΪһĥ˭Ҳֹˣ
˵ţȫԪҪԱ
һ̣һʣ𣿡
һʣһ㶣űЦ˵СӣȻɹͻˣΪһոͻƵĳֹԱӿǸ߽佫ֻһ֮ˣ㻹ڡ
΢΢һЦ˵Աҿ
СӣȻ񣬿㻹֪һ߽佫ԱжɣЦţңһȥɣ
Сֵܣ˿죬졭
ƹæѵóϸϽˣƹԱ߽佫ԱȫʢʱڣҲҪһȽصˣ˵ʱ˿̣ѾӽݽߵҪǴԱķΧڣǹƾ͵ȥϴˣԣƹٶȥҪ˺СĪǿûɵڵأСĪԷһ
ɳȻץסı۰һҲˣ
ζҲûˣĿ⣬ȫڳΰӰ棻ܾͿɲ˵ˣڽǿһ
Сֵܣǿڻ
ƹȰˣɣȫɣҵòģ˭õһ
ϻ࣬ҪԱ͸ϽʵǲԿ
Ȼ㼱ҪǾȥɣ
һ𣬽һһ亰ԡ
¡
Ͼɽȴû춯صıը
һƬžһĳĬ
ƹĿ¶ȣԱǿԱ˿סǿҪԪʵǰϣԸ߽ΪѹްԱһ
ǣͻƳΪֵܣǾģ
Ϊʲôûбըأ
ôܣôܣôܻӣôܻûбըԲܣһ˫۾¶Ĳ𾪣һ־
ͺ֮£ɽϵˣѾǧòײɽ˵ʱȴһεȥ
˾Ǻ˿̵Ψһ飡
뵽ҪĥַҲţҲҪĥҪԱұұ
һʮԱ飬ûз
ƾڵʵֹԱģųϺ㵽׶ʲôʲô
ûҵˣô
ʱȴ侲ϸϸ嵽׳ʲô仯
о֪һоǾУּ˲ţ췽ҹ̷
ҵԪҵԪ
ĻҲ˵ȥһֻȭͷѾȥ
ϵȻĵƸҳ
ѾͻƵĳϣȻڸͻʱڣǣʵԲСͬնֻȭͷڿУԸͱˡžžžĴ
ƺԹͷ
һȭ£ȫɳѪҲĴɽţ°ͣǱᵽһȥĹͷҲˣ
ңϿľ׼ȣ򢴦Ĺͷѿ֮⣬طĹͷȴƫƫúõģһ˶ûܣ
飬Ѿ֪úδݣôֱֱųϣһһӦǿһħһ
𾪵غ㾹ȻҵԪҵĻԪ
뺰㲻ǽʣŻʣô˳ĻԪңǿ˽ġ
ȻһУҲֻƷǹɾ
˵ڵĸоȴԽԽԽԽǿңоڵԪڼʧץס۰ֻ֡
ôˣôҵĻԪԺԼȴעò𰸣


191 һͻ
ҪԱȴã
ãĻԪߡ
ϸͻƣڵԪת÷һ߽佫赲סģ
ƹ˵룬ڵΪֹ
ǣŶ似
뵽ԡƳ˵ԱǴӶǰѹסްԱԱԪ𣬾ǸѹסԪ͵㲻ȼǱԱã
ȻѹֹܹԱôԪȻֹܹͬ
ʵȡ˵ԪѾǵһΣΣյһΣȻ綴ȡӥеԪǣһΣϲûֹӥеԱ
һΪǻϵʵӥ˵˲٣ߵЩԪ˵ܶ࣬ɶӥ˵ȴӰ쵽Ա
򣬳ͻơ
ڶƹ˵ϵΪһ·ӳ佫νǰδУߣûôĿԽǷеҩ佫һټϴϵĹԪֱӴʦ佫֮
ǣϺ֮Գ״ǾʱĻۣԴɣһ·ϣϾ˲սǵõ෽ĥҲδͣڴδùˮԪ棬Ҳ
νĺҲǳѣһؾӣ
Ҫԭ򣬳֪Լͱ߲һͻ˲ͻƣǵͻƣȫ¶
ͻƣıݣھ֮Уϸоһݣȴȫÿһ䣻ͻƱݣΪǣԪ仯ϳЩǿȣҲһ¥һ㣡
ȻԺĲ˳ôĹ򣬻ġԽҲʩչ˳
˿ɳȴ֪ߵ˵ڵ״״һʲôľ磡
УǳҲǽǽԪﵽ˳ΪԪûдﵽԪ̶ֳȣҲǿ
Ҳ˵ʹýԪڱ˿ԵĳɣҪʹԪԪȵȣǾ佫ˡ
ҪﵽýԪȫͻƣ
ߵǰδеģѣֻܼ֣֮ܿԼȥ
еЩ⣬϶ǵȴŽ⿪һ죡
ʱֻרȡźԪ
ڵĻԪھôʱս֮󣬲࣬ȴҲ٣ڸͻƻЩĳ˵һٷḻĴ͡
֮󣬳Ͻÿӣֱ̱ڵأҲ˲ٵӡ
ǣϲûнһ߸ʬֻԪѪһˣңϻһЩԪ
һƹ񿴼ˣҲ뵽ϻᡰԪȥϾ¶½ǰɴδֹ
ƹ񿴵ΪԪĴˡ
ܣһܷŹҲȥʹȥ
£һܺܽŶأ˸ضɽҡЩɾͱ˼ҸɵƴҪӣһ֮£Ѿеǣȫڵء
ƹҲһҡòײȶĿ⣬չܷܣʱڳϵϡ
㾿һʲôˣħ޵ҲĻոսֹһ߽佫ԱѾݵˣֻǴ˵еϰɣ
ţƹ۾¶ᶨˣĺ̶ֻܽύ֮ԣŶʮ갡ʮ뵱Ǿħˣй֮޲
ԲֻһҪҪһ˵ĻﲻȫʧָЯĴҩġʯϵȵȣȫһУңҲûˣ
ƹЩСĪųϵĿ⣬ץ˵СĪڣֻҪŬץסÿһÿһ룬ҲԵʱ̣
𣿡СĪϲΪƹ϶صͷȻܡ
СĪҲʹ˵ͷСȭͷ߬ý
Ǳߣ϶ζǰζϵѪеĸжԸӵĵزʱϾһ£Ҫǵʱĳһ㣬ζ͡
ζϵǵ˺ۣǴۡ
֣ȥ˺ۣȴȥζһָ֮࣬˵ζҲֵΪ
ζЦˣץס˳ϵ֣ӣԸ⡣


192 յ
ӣԸ⡣
ζ˵֣ȴˮƽϣͶһ޴ʯͷ𾭾òϢĲƣһȦһȦ
㣬ҲǴӣ
ζȴǸˣǴӣҲǴӣһԴӣǺǡ
Ȼ
ˣӣǰÿΣն㱣ңһΣΣգҵȻҪͦҪ㣬ӣˣֻ۸㣬ˣܵģҲ۸㡭ζ˵ȴ֪˵Ĳô򵥣һ̾Ϣ˵ζȥ˵ĵҩ
ζ˳ϵĻԤ׵˵ӣһŮ
ζͻȻһʣһ飬뵽˫۾ҡҡͷֻһ֮Եֻһ֮Ե̫ͬ죡
ζʻĻᣬϽӣ˵һὫ˺ۣȥģ
⻰ζȴͻ˸⡣
ʱƹСĪ˹󻹸żò״Ļƹõ͵ͣ˵Сֵܣллľ֮
㲻Ͼֻ֮һ׶ѣܵйɾǧ֮ĸоǣһʲôı档
ڶƹĶó񣬷ΪӦģɻǴģ
ƹֿζһѪæȡЩҩݹȥ˵СֵܣЩƷ˵ҩӦܽˣκá
Ͻζϵƿʵ˺ȫȥһӡӶ£Ҫǰһ߱ǰá
ƹϸһ£˵Ʒﲻ־磬µİ̺ۣ
ǲУƹȫĵҩЩҿȫҪҪʲôҶӦ㣡ϵûһԥǼᶨ
ƹʱŹʣΪϲҪ꣬ǳϺ˵Ǿ仰ĺ̶ĵҩƹɣĺ̶ӵĽϼ¥
ϧĺ̶û鵤ҩֻ̾ƹ˲ҡͷ˵СֵܣʵڱǸǣĺ̶ӻ㾡ȫȥΪСֵѰҡ
ҪʲôҩƷģС
ٵƷҩһ־յӦȫ
˭У
ҩţʦ٣ƷʦӦôڣֻҪϼҵƷʦƾյڻ¡ƹ֪޲ԣ޲֪ģȫһԶ˵˳
üͷ΢壬ţȴܣ΢Ĭ֮˵ţ𣿡
һڿ϶УһűԴĻޱȣһƷյڻ£
һڣϵĿϬ
𣿡
ƹ˼һһЩʦӦҲ
⣬뵽ʦӦƷյֻλʦںδ֪ҵʵ̫ˣӴϲòһЩõϣ
Թţƹ˵ƷյȻûʲôѶȣǣյõϣ󣬺ϡУҲΪʲôյٵԭоҪʲôҩҲ֪֪յеһζزٵҩҪǧϽܵҺǧϽܵĶʮǿᣬҲǱ֮ͻ磬ǧϽܣȫİգȻҲûоԣɣ˵ҲҵǧϽ
ƹ˵ţ˿ʣǴɴĻƷյӦòⰡѵУʲôɣ
ţƹ񿴵ζؿųϣôŽ˰̣Զһͣǲ˽İɣ
ƹȻûв¶ԣȴҲ֮Զ˻Ǵӳģڻأ
ϲ֪ƹЩ˵ǧϽܵҺȴһҲţǧϽܵĶɲ£
ҪǧϽܣǧϽ
ζģһκã㱾Ŀģϼᶨ顣
ζȴЦҡͷӣˣ
Ϊʲô


193 
Ϊʲô
ʮֵʣҪ֪Ů˵ԣ˵ζʣų֮òĴŮһ˺ۣǽǶôĴۣ
һ˵Ů˶ԼԽԽƯŮϣԼģ
ζ΢΢һЦӣҵģĲΣ
Ϊʲô
šСħŮΰƺŵζʱﻹüҰȡֻ֣ǾسĬţۿʪģȴţ˺ڣͲңͻԶǵңǸصκ˺ۣͽԶȥɡ
⻰ζû˵Լ֪ʲôʱһӣĵ̣˸ѿǿȫײͱڲļ¶ǳζɿڵħĺ棿ϵѪιſϣζΧһ·ű۶ôΣգʼվǰ棬ŷ꣬ŵ⽣Ӱвϰ˱϶ϲߣ
ңͲϣ
޾Ǻޣǰζ
˾жʾζŲʲô׷ŮŮ׷оһЩĻСħŮʹȻ
һеһУζ˵ֻʵӣǲǾа̺۵ңܳ󣿡
ǡϵһʱشţƹµҩѾСĪߵһߡ
ڻ𣿡

ôһ֣һ統ٲµĻش𣬵ǣ֮Ĺϵȴȫһ
ǾˣֻҪһУӣȥҴɴ͹ˣԺһգֻΪʢζĻ־㺣
ţһθûչ˺㣬ҵĴζһа취һ˺ۣ
ζЦţκ˺ۣ¶ֻҪȥ̫үү̫үү϶ΪѰյǣ˵ˣҲκãҲҪ
ӣҲ֪ҵԸҾ飬ûܹı䣡ζ֣ץסϵģ֣ůֱֱ֣ųϡ
ζ˵Ķȫ滰ûĿ⣬Ե˵£ҵģ˵㣡
ζִŵ飬ײͱһģһһǰҲ⣬Ұɣ
ţζĺһתͻּЦ˵ãģǣӣƳöƷյֻľյģҾҲã
ãһö
ζЦݸˣСžţǾţɲô׵ģҪΪƷʦΪƷʦһѶȶ൱شүүǿǴСн֮ʱΪƷʦӰ·ңѶȽ󣬸˵ˣһ˺ʱͻӾͻᡭ
ȴţһҪʱ䣬ʦ֮úÿȡζȫָ
ζ֪йľ֪ϻλʦԼСƵóѣֻЦϺبһ˺ۣõЦݣ˼㲲Ȼȥζɴ
ʱѾǿȫĴڣһһص߹ߵʱ򣬺ݺһŲںһֻϡ
ʱֻ֣Ȼѣ
ȫܶΨһܶģֻʶʶ棬Ҳȫǿ־ǡڴʱתͷź˵㲻ôȥģ
ŵôԣǲܶ壬ȻһҵĲʶҲǾʹޱȣ
ȥҶƹѯɴ飬ƹȴǱǸ˵ȵɽǣжɴģҲֻա
ȳȥϾɽ鳵Ҳ˹ǣ鷳ҪСö࣬һƴɱ֮󣬱㽫ǿˣȻɽﴫĺɱļ٣ƴȥЩʯͷƹߵˣѾƤƹȴǲиһǿǾ޻֮ˣԣʣµˣҲƳǶʯǽ
Ҳûпռ䣬ڴɨսǻǿǰްЩԱĲƱ٣ʲôԪʯ޺ˣǽҶŹȫһɨգ
һ£ŸֲƱһ߽ԪʯӵźڵöָϷ֣ڵθڸˣԪʯӽȥһξͲˣ˲䱻ڵˡ
̾źڵ֪Ҫ̳ԶԪʯ޺ˣеҩܷǱζͻ뵽һҪ£ӣ


194 ֮
ӣ
ζϺԥһԾУͻƺĳϣԾոߣٶȸ죬һգ۵ʱ䶼ϱ㵽ζߡ
ζôˣĶ𣿡
ǡζæҡͷԳϵĽģ飬ӿůæյϵĶ˵ӣʵңǲ֮壿
ʲô֮壿
Ǿнľˮԣζѹøˡ
һ£ԣɲģǺ͵ģҲ֮壬Ҳ͵˵ͷ֮塣
ࣿʲô˼
ǡ
ˣӣýľˮԪˣ

ǴӣסˣǧϢ͸¶ȥڿʼ㾡ǰ¶ľˮԣѾ¶Ľ𡢻ԣܲ¶¶ֻڵĽԪ𣿡
ζץóϵֺýϲͣصͷˣġ
ӣ㲻֪Ϣȥĺ䶯˫ʾѾˣǾ͸˵֮壬ǰδе֮壻ʵû㹻ǿ֮ǰûоԵʵ֮ǰ֮岻Ǹǻ
Ϸס֣ЦŰοζϢ֪֪֪֪⣬û֪
ϲĻζǿЦգͻȻ뵽˴һʹ̣ζûнǾ䡰Ҳ֪𡱵Ļʳ
ԸϵܣŲ֮壬Ǳ֪ѪƵҩץṩԴԴѪŹ֣ǻԪָκһ͸¶ȥ½һѪȷ磬ɱ֮ûаЩҲ˵ζζ̫ģЩʱЩ飬֪Ҳһָ
תƻ˵ζȵɽǣҾȥһɴϲʲôɫģ
ζͷһ£Ƥ˵ֻҪģҾͶϲ
ϵ˵ͷû˵пɬζŨ
Ͼɽ·ͨˣƹụ̂ѯ˳ϵڳζڶƹλǺء
վ˵һ£
ã
ʮֻʳħޣ
ƹæЦСֵܣǵľˣû㣬ЩħޣȫǿȥˣϽ͹
һʹһʣǰǽףͬǽף
ǾһٸңƹûپܾǱһ֡
һٸҡһ㶣Ϊһٸͷ͵ٸңϺɣЩʳħޣ򣬺ʦ϶ٿƷԪʯļ۸⻹ٵģ
ƹĺ⣬ˣܱ¶ԣʰ˲̣ζȼ͵ؿ⣬һݸζʣ¶ܣ
һ·Ҳ࣬ϲߵˣֻͨħޣܳԵǽһζҲɽСĪʿˮ̧ͷʵܹȥ𣿡
ܣȻܡƹŽСĪȥأСĪı˹ȥƹиɻ󣬡ţҲô㣿Ըϵһζؼʦˣ
磬㣬ܳһ𣿡СĪСĪ֪ԼСƣϵЦݣǽһ棬ǽһɰζһӾϲˣҲЦЦһȥСĪ̻
óԣ㣬ҳô󣬴ûгԹôóԵ⣬̫óˡ
óԣǾͶԵ㣡ζЦ˵
ƹǱ߿һޣϵƣȫЦݣĻʵƹģǻǸϽ߰ɡ
һ¡
ƹģǸʲô֣ôСүǡ
ֻԺ˵СĻӿڳ
Щ棬֪淢¶Ȼ죬۾ȫǲ
СĪųţͻʵ磬𣿡

ĶץģҽжҲȥץһֻ档СĪһЦݣ۾ȴһ⡣
ڡҪע⵽СĪ۾ʣϾѾ˵ˣ˭ȥһСӰ
ϧСĪŹͷСĪûлش֪¶æЦŵҿôܳԵĳޣ
ҵĳޣ
磬ʲô
ѣ
ѣСĪܴȴǲ⡣
ڿԶسԵܣȴֹͣʣֹͣ˺ҧŴֱۣ˵ѡֵĳϣ


195 Ǻ«
ˣ
һɽ֮УӰƹ˿ɣΣգӴӰͻ˵
ߵʱģѡ֣Ҳֵͨ壬ȴܸܵϵǹ塣
߳ɽ֮ǰ϶ߵĶƹ˵Ҳϣ֪
ƹһݣ仰棬Ծʹвζǣƹȴ˼ʵв˵ͷ
⣬Ҳϲ̫ߵ
ףһᴫ·ƹͬӦˣΪһ˵ھѾڽͶˣǰСĪĨѯ£öƹ֪Ǻһ˵̣Գϴ֮С
ΪǸˣƹ񿴲͸ҲСĪһŪ֮еģҪǴǸ˵ĵߣԲ˵߶䣬ֱӵֶΣΪóȥĶȻȥ
õƹӦ֮󣬳˵һ䣬ҽƣ
˵󣬳ϻص˳Уζһ𣬿ʼƹ֣ϲüң֣ʹһ̶ϵͬ˵Ϊûа׷ѡ
ϲţƹʾ֭ûּ壬ĳر˰죬ȴһ
󣬶ƹƣǼ
ǲǼƹ񶼲Ǳˣ·̣һ˳Ҳûʲôëǿġ
ôƽƽصɽǣ
ƹȥĺ̶ӵĵӣҪϱ꣬ȴ˵ƹһҴ·ȥɴԺ߶š
ҲУڽֹһˡ
ǣƹ񡣡
ҲҪȥСĪ˵ƹȨһ£ûв֮ɫŵͷ˵ȥҲУɱֹң
İɣ
һɴĵطȥɽȻԽһǳأǣ̶ֳȱ޳й֮޲ֵҲ˲ϣ
ζƷҩϵİ̺۲ôԣǽܿÿһΣͲزһΣ
ζò˲˵ĹעͷʼߣСĪһţһ߸ǽʲôģóԵģÿģֱζ΢΢һЦСĪôСô֪ôࣿ
СĪȻһżɰģ˵ţǶȺЩζ̰Ŀ⣬ﷺ΢΢⣬弫Ϊǿȷǣһǿ棬ҲһѪģһƽ˵ģᱯϲŭãҲ˼Ҳ
Ϊؽpһ·빲սΪꣻΪֻΪƽ
ľôֵסʯĳô޶أǷ֮䣿
ֻǣŪˣĲСħŮ˫Ө͸һԳ˵Ϊ˾ԲܲΣ
Ȼ󣬳ӿһȻǵǷıҰʷ￴һ仰Ժֱӱĳһ䣺ܸģͲŵ
ڳһЩ֮ʱСĪѾͯζһСǺ«СԣһüȿŵԣζǸܺóԵĶҲôСɳδӴЩζġ
Ǻζͷ˵ӣǺ«
ãȥҡģֱĽֵȥıӰδǺ«ζѾӿǹСĪ˵ζ
ȥСĪ۾ûâȴת˲ųһƵóѵЦ⣬۾⣬бһ۲ԶĻӡ
㣬ǿ쵽ǰȥǰ滹һ˶ģÿͺһģһ
СĪһҪȴӻ
ŶСĪ۾һתֵǽ㣬ȵǰȥǿ
ζ˵ͷڽ˿ζֿ˿Լү󣬸СĪĽŲɲСĪһ¡
ȻǸطֻʣζһˣζȥǺ«ǸӰ
Ǻ«ߣãã˺֮УȴǵһۣѰζӰԼ˵ϣͬʱɢЦ֮
н¶֮⾳ʱһϲĴͻ𣬡СޣղǸŮ˵ǸŮ


196 Ů
Ůʲôط
ˣȴ˷ܵ۾СĪСĪ¶ţڽǰһСĪǰ˵ү
˭үˣ˴Ѱ֮ʣＫǲˬŭ⡣
ĺ̶ӵġ
ڽĻû˵꣬͸ˣӵȻģŭȵĺ̶ӣʲôүҹһȥжԶԶ
ү
ˮӿ
ӵ£һӰӺܳʱһɰѹһ֣㽫似Ѿʩչһڽߵһȥˡ
󣬻һЦ˵Сޣ˵ղ˵Ů˵үͣ
ҲģСĪһǵĿǣȻ壬ֻ۾ȴǲұ߿һۣȺ֮еζ
ʲôˣȻСĪҲͲٱСĪ˳СĪ۹⿴ȥĿ⣬ܿȺ֮еһĨٻӰ
أӲٹСĪֱٻӰȥ
ӵڽԼСүû¶һſһˣֱζȥֺȻ֮ɫҪȥȴ뵽ǸƵˣǶôЩܹȥ϶ҪԿͷ˵
ý֣֮ĺ̶Ӿлᣡôһ룬ڽĽŲҲ
СĪȴǾŵشţ壬ȥסǣǶԽ񣡡
ڽһҪסСĪ˵еĹϧСĪܵü죬ȺУͲӰټڽղҲˣûץס֮£ֻ̾Ϣһǰȥ
ȻڽȻ֪СĪֵ֮£ȴǺһ⣬Ҳ̫߿ˣʵǱˣڹ֮䣡һҪö֪ҲţôּӣֶΣ϶Ǹһֱѹĺ̶ӵļ壬ܸصĴĺ̶ӾͿԳô˻ᡭ
СĪͺܲȴʵֶΣղһУɲԤıֻпǸүʱԺͻȻһƣǺ«ζζĶȻǸʵǿˣţζȥ˵ĵطƾɽڷүĺպշ֮СĪҿ϶үζ֣Ǻͽҡ
ϧζ֮ҪԭصûдӦСĪҪ
һƲɣСĪһƣԸܵ˵ĵطʹȫľζƯǸ˶ʦһ
үСĪȻͼеŮȻߣȴ۾˷үŮ
˭֪һСﾹ˶뷨ļƻ
СĪΪԼļƻóѣϲţϣ֮ɫŨССĲø죬ɲ¶ţҪȻǿɾŪɳ׾ϾǸƣ˵زһ
һУ˵үĸ£嵽ζĸǰʱϱǺ«߳ľ룡
ĵĿ⣬н֮֯ʣүȻƻˡ
үվζ棬ס˳ϵߡ
ζ΢΢㶣ͻشܳһЩûصùûмַʣӢķүǰڳһΪ͵ƣЦ˵Ůڵǧ𣿡
⻰һҸЦݵζɫȵ
һ֣Ҳ÷үЦһͣЦøˣζԸҾϲŮΪŮˣŻгɾ͸Уһƥһ
ٲҶ㲻ˣζǱ䣡
ãããҹҹֻҪŮһ۹ĶȥҶԸȥٱ
үû˵ȥӾͱɳ߷ɵ˿Уĸ£ȴһоûС
飡
үӣصڵϣҵ÷үҽһĸæȥү
ʱүѪŭվζߵǸˡ
ˣȻǳϡ
Ǻ«ζ˵ζǺ«
ζͷСŮ̬ʮ㾡ԡ
үһĻŭ죬ȴֱζòԻĿתضţһϸ֮£Ȼζϵһ˺ۡ
ʱһĻ͹


197 ү̳
Ļ͹ϱ˵
ԭ뽫ͽӣֱӱһʬ壬ǣζʹ˸ɫһţֻ÷үѪֹͣ
ɽߵķүɵôʱ䣬û뵽ɽڣ˸ҴҽҪ
ү˹Ц˵Ҫҵƾ㣿֪˭Ҳȥ˭ɽڣү˵仰
󣬷үɫ˵ߣˮүҪ
үˮȴûж
ˮȻҶ
ʱˮһȻΪһ߽佫ܽڽн佫һ߷ɣʵȻ
ʵȻԳ϶֣ûһԤ֪УֱϽү߷ɣ˲Żع
ʵǽˮܶԸģ
Ȼ滹ʦߣǣǸ˿ã
ңǰˣһף׽͸ĸоûԪղ߳ôǿһţ
ԣˮԥҪү˵⣡
ȻүѾȵˮڸʲôô֣
ү
춯֣֪Сӣ
ˮüͷðɺߣš׳աʵˮܲףһø߽佫пͻƣΪڼҲһ֣֣ȴһֻŮ˵үүȻү簮簮̶ֳȣˮУ˲׻ǲס
ˮ£үү𣿡үϣȫǺ
ˮ⻰֪û취ˣǲҲϣΪүүүǼļү֪ƾżү簮ĺЩң
ǣˮȥ
ϸûǸү뽭ˮ֮ĶԻֻЩɻ󣬡ôײϵģСĪǸڽĻȥ
ͷճ֣ԶʹһֻСĪ͵һˤ˵ϣʱ˳ڽϽȻȥ
ʱѾȫ䱸ţΧһ׼ó似
϶СĪԿʱһĻһĻ֣Ѿճȭ
ԪȭͷһŽΧ
磬Ϭޱȵػȭ
ʱʦӦȭſڵϣֻнûк
ˮﾫкȻȻҲܽʦɱǣɣ⣬ǻִֻһ
ȫһƬžΧĿǣȫ죬νֵѾáӵݵˣڷү֮ʱѾһĿյس
ʦͬʱСĪպϵĸǰϻۣζ˵СĪûˤʹɡ
лл㣬Ҳʹ㣬ҵĴ˶û뵽ɶү
Ҫ滰ϱСĪĿߡ
СĪһǣ룺ѵˣţ̧ͷȥϵ۾ȴ۾͸űٿȥæֿõĻ˵˳
ϵüûչǲ֪СĪļƻֱڷһУһСųĹϵ
ϧҲֱֻѣû֤ݣ
ţһߵķү۾һȴŭ־ûȵˮô֣ٲ֣Ҳˣ
ˮ޷ֻǰȥ
ʱСĪȴ͵س嵽ǰ棬˵㲻׼ǰߣĺ̶ӵ䣬үү̳ۣ

ȫһƬǷ׷ԭСӾĺ̶Ӵƹӡ
¿кϷˣһ̳۵ӣһǷү֪˭ܶù˭
ȻүˣɽǵĳϹ֮ˣ
̳۵ӣȻ򵥣ССͣȴǸͦȻ壬ϹҵǸ٣Ǻǧٱ
ǣǸҿҲ򵥣ȭͽʦˣ

Щ۴СĪһյĸоȻˣнˮʲôϾɽôߣѾòˡ
Ϲҡ⼸֣۾һݣ˪
үȴЦ˵Сޣԭĺ̶ӵǸСӰǵүҲˬˮɱ


198 
СĪͷһȻģ
үȴֱ˵ҪɱСĪҲϷүүǰЩɽǺ󣬽˰µʱ䣬ͳΪɽǵĵһԣѹգϷҸŮĴòŮӣ˭Ǿ͵ŰɱҪǿ˭˳ۣҪʲôɣֱӺɱǣ
ԣΧĿү˵̫ȣΨһþȵľǣǸСĺ̶Ӵƹ̳۵ӣ
ˮӵһαԼүɱ̳۵ӣĺ̶ӿ϶ͼĺ̶Ƶļ廳ô򵥵ĵүȻ벻ס
ǣˮΪ˼룬Ȱ˵տڽһүͱүŭϣˮСǵҲˬҽɱû𣿸Ͻ֣ȻͱҲˡ
ٴΣˮ۳ɰСĪ̾Ϣ׼֡
ڽСĪǰ棬һĽţʵڲԼСˣôģΪʲôҪ¶֣ڷүǰԼӲܳ¶ԼԲǽˮĶ֣ķ˹֣λĵֵܣĺ̶ӵĵȥţаöͣ
⻰һΧĵ˲٣һٽң˵ǿһˣԣ׷װȾߣҪȥš
ǣܵ˻ûܵóүĸ۵Ĺȥţүһ仰˭ȥţɱ˭
һ£ЩҪȥŵˣȫͣס˽Ųÿ˵ϣŲ֮ɫȴǾ£ãȴҲòǣ
ڽѪֻýϣڳϣﻹ˵үΪĺ̶ô۸𣿡
ˮĥʲô֣
ˮǰ߳һڽ֡
СĪľ棬һ㶼ţ̸Ͼ£ôһĴڣʲôµģֻ˷ܣ
Ȼڽٴαˮһˣ߳ȥҵʮˣˮСĪֻ֮ңʱ
ûжֻǾվţ
ʱСĪģĪĿֻ֮Уµļƣƾģǳϻ֣ζү֣ү㲻Ҳˡ
ԣԥվ˵Լʵݣ
ǣϲûг֡
СĪһ£϶Լû¶˿ţΪʲô᲻أ
ƹ˵ĻһδСĪԺЩڣ
СĪȻɱϾһСӣСѾסСĪȻûд󺰳Ϊ״˿ҪǺ֮ǰһУȫ׷ѣͻǸƵ˻ɣˣһδ󺰵Ҫɱңĺ̶ӽƲݣ磬ŽߣҶϺǲɱҵġ
ˮһ¡
ΧˣСĪֳǴΪ̾ͬʱֶԳϺǱӣ˵ʲôһСӶ磬ҪһСȵȣζ۾Ҳģ˵ӣȾСĪҪɱˡ
һ¡ϵ˵ϬĿСĪɨţͷβСĪûһطóϲɣǹֱδɢȥҲΪ̫óϲ˻ɡ
Զڽִ˳ֹӣȾҼүĺ̶ӱлҪʲôĺ̶Ӷ
үһɲǶֱ׺ûһ˿ƽʱķȫȻ
үԳ˵㲻֣תߣŮҿԭղһŷµĴ
䣬ֻһӰ
ţһ۵Ľ⣬סǵӰ
ңһѽ𽣣ֱӰնȥ
ֻǵӰȭͷֱײһ
ӰǳϣŽ𽣵ģȻǽˮˮһֱڽ䱸ţԼү˵Ǿ仰ٶȽȡ˳ųնȥ
ȭԽ𽣣ʩչĶǽϵԪͿ˭ĸΪ
䣡
ը𣬽飬ˮֱȥ
ˮûֹסŲѾ׷ϣȭٺ䣬ֱˮţˮѪɫźȻӷɳȥʱﻹţȻ
Ƚˮ顱һڵϣѾվ˷үǰ켴һƳүȥ
ѪɣүҲǸ߸ӸǱģڵء
үϽغҴһƣҪ
ûȥһɣʵʲô֣


199 һ
ʲô֣ϵ䡣
үϽȭͷͽ߶ɣǰѱҲֱ飬Ȼˣһ㣡
ǣүȻŵ˵ôڲ˵Ҫ㣡Ҹ㣬ҴүҵˣûгүҸû꣬㡭
үģžһȻֹ
һ£үұĸ߶ȣպöԳƣ
ȴûоһ˿δ䣬ղһƣ˦ȥģȻñظʵʲô֣
үҪɽӴ˪ɱæ֮˻ȥȴǻ˵үҽϹ
Ϲˣ
ϹҵүϹļϹ˳죬үүүү谮ӣϹܵ˵бۿųϣ˵ô˰ɣ
ȷүϹ˺󣬳϶Ļûȥֻţļˣļ˶ϹĹϵǡ
ŵʱڳ˵ķӦȴǲͬ
ϣϹֳһӣȫȫһüȨѹ˳ɹ󣬿ȴô롣
һԵСĪڳϳֵʱ򣬾ʹһȻ治֪ô죿ҲǶһѣСĪΪϳ֣£ӦúƵһģһȴִּʷү֣СĪֱЩ
ζüͷҲ΢΢ţСĪһ˵ţ㣬粻¶ɣϹǿһأ
СĪģϹʲôζ˵ţ۾ֱЩĳϣȴûע⵽СĪһ仯
ѾͷϹ˵ɣһ´Ҳ
Ϲ۾һֿʲôүҡ
ѾܷˣǰүϹˣļˣϺпֱӳ֣ϲŲĸ壬ϾɣɲЩ壬ܿģڣϹҪŸͣ˵ȥ
һţȻϹСϣϹӣһγɳԶȥڵϣ
һţȻǿҪȻϹﻹлǰˮҲȭ飬ΪˮϹǰҲûڽ֣򣬽ˮͳˮ
Ϲ߷Ժ󣬳ûйΧǵľζߡ
ϹˮʹںֵģүҵˣԲк³־ţ⣬һٱʹ
ƣȺԶÿһУ֡
ƣϹ߶˺ü顣
СĪ˵磬лл־һȥҵļҰɣϹһԣ˵ģɽǵĳϹƣ壬϶ȥԸ硭
ĻΪ㱻ˣ㲻ȥһ𣿡ϴʵ˵һ仰ֱСĪһͣɫ죬ȴҲ˵磬ǵһ£Ͼȥ
ɨСĪһۣ˵ɴ
СĪԥһ£صǰ·ڣת߲Զɴģ磬ɲҪСϹ壬ǵܴģҵļȻҲϹ壬ȴҲ׶ǡ
׼óһȡ˵꣬ζüʣץס֣ˡ
ղŵЩǣûоʹȥǸڳϵ󣬰շүıԣ϶ᱨģǵſڶϷſҴϹӲˣôӦϹҵЩˡ
棬СĪȴЩɵȻԱߵ̾ɣܾ鲻ԾôôɵطǸϹأϾɽǸԽ˵Щֺӣǽһң


Сүû˰ɣڽڶرߵһߣ˵ûǾػָǰΪˡ
СĪ۾һĨСӵĿ⣬˵壬һã
һûãСүû¶УڽϽ˵ţСү㲻ùңϽؼȥҿǰϹɱ㣬˵ʲô
壬ûǴүүڿ϶õϢˣܿͻСĪųȥķǸ˽ôĵġ
ʱһͷ


200 һȭ
ζӣزסҪʳΪʲôʱ
ͣס˽Ųζ˳ųϵ񿴹ȥ㿴һͷ
ͷһ˶
ζ˶ŵô
Ϊ˶ģζģ
һģһǱ飬ʣϣƵ㡣
ζЩɣ˶棬ǲס꣡
ͷߵǰЦ˵˶Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ
ζͬʱ˵ϲҪٽң
Ҫҡ
ҪϾң
ҲҪϾҡ
ҪԪʯ𣿡ûһģ˶ĵһۣ͸оλʦһˣ
ҲҪԪʯ
ϲ˵Ҫʲô
ϸ˵ڣζ͵ӣ߰ɣҲҪˡ
ζﵣţΪͷʲôһŵǴӦһ֮¶ַǳΣգټϣζһ˵ˣֻҪŵˣжôΣգƴȥ⣬ϣǸܣ
ִ˵ζҪȻͷͷϲ˵С
ͷЦҴһȭ

ζΧˣȫأͷôһ˶ȡı꣬Ҫһȭ
ʣȴûΪʲô۾ȴǳ뿪׼Ҵ֮ĹˣͶȥֻǽȭͷϲҵǺܴ󡣡
ͷЦţס
ϵ˵ͷȭѹתеȫȭͷ
ʱͷ죬ȭͷͱ
ţһȭͷ
ͷһ̩ȻɵȳϴȭͷдըʱȻޱأ˫ȭţȻҲ
飡
ϵȭͷͷϣ
ͷɫüΪѿ˲ָֻ۾֮ɫȴŨ£
ͬȵģгϡ
Ϻһȭж
ղһȭǴڱϣܽɳһɵ֮⣡
ΪϾɽͻ̺֮ȫһȭһǧ
Ȼ˴ȴǰòİСͷɫһ䣬벽ˣóϲأ
ΧҲھ˶ͷɽѾкóһʱˣƽʱҲûʲô֮٣˶ȷʵúÿû뵽ȻôõĹ
ȻǵľȣôǸͲ֪һȭôؾ޴
ͷ˵˻çɽ֮㽫çɽĵھŲҲˣ
ǵģֱ˵ָǰҲûá
ͷһĨɻֵܲçɽ֮ϻвɽ
ͷ˶ŵһ仰ˣԺмĻᡣȻתߣ߳һʱ򣬳ϻͷʱӰһ㣬Զǧ֮⣡
Ͽζһģһ˶ţçɽ֮ϻвɽɽʲôɽѵǡɽͷΪʲôŹһ㣬Щ˵һһԵˡ
һԳȴóϸᶨçɽھŲ㣬յ㣡
ͷ˶ݸζԵζ͸㡣
ζӹ˶ʱǻϲȴֽ˶ݸ˳ϣɻζЦӣҪãҪһˣҿĲ㣡

ζϽӹˣ˴ָЩ⣬ֻҪ˶ҡ
ɴȥ
һߣȻСĪһĺ̶ӵĻܿǶƹԴӣƹԸڽ˻ȥСĪ׳ʲô£ֹأ
ǿȥɴĵط
СĪʵʲôҪеһУҡƹǺСĪСĪ룬ǵ˵һ飬ȴûнԼ˼˵ֻǳűʵһзúӦʵ
֣
󣬶ƹһ䣬ٶȣǰȥ
ʱǵ󣬴ĽŲƹһȴɽڵʿҲ˵Ϲ˽ȫװš
ǷֳӣһӽƹһȺ˰Χһˣǰȥֱܵɴĵط涼Χ
ϻΪζѡɴ


201 ͹
꣬ѾϹ˽Χ
ûһΧĸоŵһμʱζһ·ƽʱҲƫɫ˵ζѡɫģ
ζꡱһЦ˳ӣɴѡɫģ
ǡ
ֻҪѡģҾϲҾԸţһֱţζ˵ţһĨ֮ɫɫǲǺͺͷһ޶𣿽ɴ൱ڽҺͷˣ
ζôЦ˵֪ζ뷨ĳϾѡɫƹģܸһɫɴ𣿡
ҵƹ񣬻Ѿɪɪ˭ȫװľӰΧľƹģֲʲôˣ˵ʵڱǸûкɫɴ
ǸһϺõĺɴɴӾСζ˵ΪУһСС⣬Ȼƹȴûлػ
ζüͷ壬ʵҲû𣿡
СǡУǡ
ƹĻû˵꣬ſ߽һˣ߸ߴģţȴǱ˵ǣǣɽٻȥ
Ϲҵģʵ
ǣ˻ֵ֣λһ˰ɣ
ҪҲأ
ǿɾͱҲˣ
вĻܲˬûҵȴѾļˣҿĿǰΣǲˣ
ɣҶ֣ɺ˵
λʶ̧٣ƲԣǵҪԷƣҾ㡭
˵Ļû˵꣬ǰһӰţоؿһȭȻȥѪֹʱﻹһ仰ʵʵع
£˾˵ϣعֱʮԶľľ壬ôҲһ佫ȴСһȭɣˣźƱһ㣬һĵʹ˲оȣүһҪסʹϽȫȥ£
յýʿ϶˵ǴŽȭͷֱȥǰǸʿӵʱȥҽںˣҲȥ
ſڵʮˣЩˣȫѪûֱȭǱѾܴˣֱȭˣǰȫһƬѪģȻһڣ಻Զӣ
˭̤һ
˵꣬ȥЩ˵Ĳ״תƹ˵ɴ
֪ƹ⻰顱һ£˵ϣſͷ˵ӣС㣬㣬ҰɣҵﲻϹҵģǻҵĵ꣬ɱҵģ㣬һ·ɡ
һ̾ϢϹҾ
̾ϢţһƹȥֱƹߵһߵĽƹֱˣȴûиоʹڵϵʱҲûһʹƹɻţǰһȭ£ƹ۾˷ŭţȭͷ£ƹҽһһѪ
ƹָо·ʲôִƹģܱǸ鷳㣬Ϲҿܲ鷳ˣһ֮ᰲȻ⣬ҸһϾңȨҸƹǸ
һϯƹ۾ķŭȫת˸мһΣһϾң˵һϾѾһʲƸͻȻתͷ߳˳򣬳ϵ˵ͷȥƹϽ۾װ˹ȥ
ߣϺܿõ˺ɴָ֣󣬶ζ˵ζҺ棡

ȥΧסʿеĵȫųϣǳŵ֣ȴڲͣزһȺʿֻǴʦΪ佫ΪҲ٣ǲֻЩɻ󣬡ϹɽǵֻǺԽ
Ͼֱȥû˸ǸһߣҲõĶӳڲͣشȺţһϣסˡ
ȥѾģֻಽظš
Ƕӳ״Ϊŭвûѵ˼Ĺأߣߣɱۣ
ԣɫãֻǱƵøȻûгУ
ѵǵļˣĸ޶ǲҪҪǵļˣǿҪˣ
⻰һ䣬ٲа˿ǣȺţʩչ似Ϲȥ
ϣֶ


202 ʸ

ը죬һ˲֮䣬ʮȭȭȭɱպգ
ը󣬱ǱزҽѪζҲȭͷеˣȫˣڵϣҲ
˿״ûΪ͵ɱ
Щ˶ֻΪǵļˣԣû֣ɱɱ֮ˣǸҹҪȡĺˣϾɽǿ֣һ㶼飡
ǰЩˣֻϹҵβϣ˱֮һ
ǰЩˣȻֻǴʦϴ˿ѾûһиʨӲãоȫ˵ÿһսĥĳϡ
ϴʱǰʵ飬ܲܽҷնڶʽĽתȭҷնڶʽ˲նһ˽תȭȴֻܻʮȭ
УһΪؽȭͷϾв𣻶ÿһȭҪƣܳƫ
ȭӰ´£ʱı˵ĺԱǸӳɫһƬ԰ףԹˣȻǾۿˣȴԽԽ٣ȻҲˣ֪ǧͣȻ˵ͱۣҵ³
֮ΧϵʿһվţȭĿ˼Ƭ̣ղŴȭĵܽһ֮ζҪǰС
ʱһȴԶϹߣ
£Ӱڿлߣ˳ǰ
϶ɨȥ˽߰ʮߣȴǰٱ˿̬֮ǸմԾն϶϶ǰˣߣ
һߣǲ
˵˺ֱһ㶣Ǵµ˵Сӣ֪ʲô磿
֪ǲõҵ·
СܿҼһˡұµߣ߿˵
ϵĻȷǺܿܰԵȴװʵڵѾɱнˣɱѾжԸľ顣
ߣϹ֮ĶԹѾǳ̾ͿԴ»СС»޵ľƣˣͳϹҲ˰ϵ⣬ʩΪˣǳϵı⣿
Ȼ̣ǵȻǺȻˣ
߶һº󣬼ȵҵҪʵǲǺ˵Ļһ˿񣡡Ż߷Ȼֱ֣Ϯ϶ȥ
һĨЦҲǲʸ񣬵ҵ·
ԣ˿ã
ģǷϻǹƣٲֱɶ£޿ƥУ
һСݵϹĵϣˡ߻ɫâʢûȻѾӽˮõϢСӣһǣὫ磬жʮ꣬Ѿ߽棬ȻὫһڶʮҵ
Ȼûǣߵȭͷȴǻûش״ʵʵڵһشȥҪҳһ̲࣡
߿⣬ﻹ˵ţγƷϵԪƷʹȻһнܻûʵ壬ȥָ߽տɴ
ϣֻŽȭӲȥ
߿ֻɫȭͷ˵Сóɡ
ֻнѣԸ㣬һֻȭͷ㹻ˣ
ֹɫȭͷɫشײһ
ʱ¡ը
ըУԶǸӳӲƴϣ϶ϱɣغ֪Ķˣ
ʵȫ롣
شڽӴȭһɲǣ߱оһɾ޴ӿڣͱңһڲӿнΪȥѹƣȻѹƲ£
ǻûشҲʧ֮УǴûгֹһ
㣬ʸ񣡡
Ϻȭǰ
ʱߵֱ۱䣬ȭ˳ƺ֮ϣߵӣڿзŸȥ꣬ȴеѪ£
һĻپȫ
γ塭߾ҵ֮󣬲һȴڵϣѹڵǹﻹ˵ڤСġ
γڵȻǳʹСԽ
ûߣֻýṴһͨ󵶵ĵͨ󵶷ɿն𣬳һϡ
󵶣ֱǸӳɱȥ


203 ֮Լ
󵶣ɱڣ
Ǹӳ֪ϵԣӲƴ϶ϱ㲻Ҳˣ
ϣӲƴĽԤϣϾȻڵѹƣ϶ǸҲеСӣȴúúõġ
ŵתͷųϣȻģȴһҪȡĴ󵶣
ӳ䲻ΪС
ϧ󵶲־Ϊתƣ
˲伴
ֻһϢ֮䣬󵶱͸ض룬̰׵ĵ⣬Ӻ¶ʱȻմѪ
ˣһ˫ǺڣڸղŲö˵Ǿ仰˵Ǿ仰ҲøĽ˼һȭϴû˿ƢȻһȭȡ˼ǰһȭûȡȻ飻Լ̫ʶô
һһ
֮ʱڵϣһʬ壡
ӳ˵ǰǾ仰ʱԶһҲ˵ţǲϷһȭЩѣ˳󣬾ƾһССҲӲƴ
Ȼ˶óþȫһȭͷ
ͷü䲼ɻ󣬡ôᣬҩûҩʮҾɡçɽھŲ㣬ҲǲţСӵġçɽƺЩ֣ǵھŲ㣬ҲӦôһǧϷΪ˲ᵽ˳ɣŽһҪͬΪҪһȭɱСӣЩŹ֣ɽÿǿǲܡ
ͷţֻҲûͣһϯкȻѾһε˶˶ǳϣǳǰһȭơ飬һģһһĥӣ̳Ƶġ
ǰһȭ֮ʱûжýԪһȭȴǽ˸˵ڻûָѵСӼԪйأ
ţһϡ˶չ֣
ϹɻһĽɫС첻µز£ҪǸɫţֻž͵ñʬˡϷҪҪְһأͷ۾ųϣǰȴͻƮһӰһϮ£
ʱͷɫ䣬ΪȻǰûһ֪˵ʲô
ֻ˵һ⣬˼ҵΪߣһǸߵö࣡
ǰͷ
ɽ
û˿ԥͷ˲ɽⲻûйı֣ǰɫӰ˵ԼҪǲ˼Ҷ֣ǿɾͲǽɽôˣңɽ˵ʲô
Ӱӹɽ˵ӽڰи֣ʱ̣Բ֣ܳ𣿡
ǰ⡭
Ҫܾ𣿡Ӱͷ˵ֵտ֮꣬ͻƾ磬ʣ
ԣͷһݣ˵ǰԵ棿
棡
ãұ㰵пꡣ
ǣҪ˳£ɾͱº֡
һ߾ȫ
Ӱ˵꣬ҪƮߣתȴֻعͷͷ˵һ⣬ܻش֮Լ㲻ͻƣ
ͷϲľ̬֪ϲŭɫԸϲɫǰ˵
ν磿Ӱ˵
ͷһ㶣ʱ޿̲ڸо磬·ܸо磬ܸоȵȣףһʵǿߣ֪Ĵ𰸣ԣȻҡҡͷ
Ӱͷ飬ȴϰΪһ䡰֮ԼƮȥֻʣͷ룬ʮָȴڷת绨ֻӣһ˶˶ʰɫղŵİӰһϣʣͷȴûó
ͷһ̾ϢǾĲ𣿾Ȼ󲻳ϣͷ۾һĨᶨʮַָҪǿϡ
ϧֻ΢žѳε˶ȻѣһĨָ们ڵء
ͷ۾ȻţӰ˭ȻǸǿߣСһʲô֣һǿߣڰбǣ
켴ǿЦµãò׿һСӣȴ˼ҵıڣҪһ͵ꡣͷ˵ţҲܿȥ˵Ĵۣʵֵ̫ˣ
Զ߻ڤ˵㣬ҲҪҵȥ·𣿡


204 ľ
ʳν硱İӰ
˵Ȼ綴бһϯڡ粻ȴΪܴؼ䡱ۣ֮У԰γĺүү
үү׷׷·үүȴǸǵĺ档
ٶȣ׷ǣûڰֻζ˴ʶΧ֮ڣ
һ·ϣүүɱǣշܣ󣬶ޣֱһȺ׷ɱٵѪսϾɽڵƴɱٵɽڵһĻһĻ
үүȳˡ
Ψһһγ֣ǽǸؽնģΪĺˣȻĨȥ
һΣүү֣ҹϮɱ֮ʱɵ׼ʱǡϳؼˮγУ״үүٴס֡
үү֣ȻǲӰ˵ĳɳ켣ǵ˸ģͬʱ綴֮ʱϴһ㵽Ĳ㣬үү֪һҪĥСսгɳߣ
ԣүүǸͷ֣һҪڡΣͷܹȡ
Ͻôʱ䣬Ϊʹ佫֮磬Դ似ԽԽ󣬺үү쳣οҲΪˣôһţûȫɳ֮ǰͱĨɱպ֮ˣ
ңںүүŮСζҲԳϰ㺣ôһүү͸ʲô⣡
ˣһֱڰػ
һʱ䣬үүм£ò뿪һоͻڼ赲˳ģǸν硱⣬ͻȻѡԣҪ⣬ϵڣûиһİй۲֮£Сӣѡ硱⣬Ѿȫһ㣻ɺүүҲȥѣһѣóϺһݽȥβӰĳɳ֮£үүȥķܲջ
ͬʱүүҲǻ̫أЩ˲ʵҸηƺڽһıүүҪ֮ʣʲôı
үүҲȥָˣһڣһ߽ıڣ
˶ͷ֣үүðػš
Ǳɽүүǳ˳֮⣬׳ϵӵˣóϵһ¥үүȻΪ֮
һЩϺζһ㶼֪
ζĿؿųϣ
Իڤȵ㣬ҲҪҵȥ·𣿡
ڤߣͱγĲ״Ǿ䡰СġĻлȻֿɱһˣлȻ
ڤţ˾ֹŶʮ꣬ôܲŶʮꣿʮܽγнôң϶ʲôݵ֮ҩ⸱ģ
ţ˺
ʱ˿̣ڤҲΪڿ˵󻰣ǲ֪һȭнǰģ˼ķ
ȻڤҲγʧΪγ̫Сǰòˣ˼ҴһֲǣôСģҲ˵ǰ˵ʵС
һڤȻ˵Ҳ̹ӵ
˵꣬һȣڤһ⽣䣬ء
Ǹֶ̩Ȼﻹ˵ľԣľ֪ҵĽԣպÿľϵ似𣿡
ȻҪսϾͲٶ˵ϻֻҪ˵˳Ǳ⡣
Ȼڤһԣֶһ˿ңγʣ似Ծʹз֮ɼγڻڻָ֮У
ˣǱסľԣֻĽ֣
ô룬ڤҲԼķͷ˵ҪԽľҲҪʵ֤ģʵǿЦһ
Ѿֻǿװ򶨶ѣ֮Ƽ⵶ֱ廪ڤпֻ֮ڤٵȥൢһ֣ƾһ֣սҲ͸ѷ
ڤὣնһȣ죬Ҿ㿴ôľģ
Խ
УϺȻȥȭͷ˶
Զγ͵ۣ϶һƬ֮ɫ


205 㵽
ľ
ڻδͻ֮ǰԽľ治һܿ˵ס
ǣڣȴǽڤ˵ģ
ʱ⽣ϹâʢȻǻڤеԪľԪûиһⰻȻĸоǳ˽ɱҪݻǰһС
ڤٽնȥҿ϶һնʯ
ֻʮ֮ңӰƶٶףֻܼһӰӭƣǿ˸еϢ
ڤһɿûʹҲֻȭͷһսеʱҺһˬе⽣ɲγԪûش⽣Ʒõ⽣֮ףΪϹ˼Ĺףдʹͣ
ܴԪشʧôܴƷıأңҵԪ⽣ʩչָһ¥С̫񣬿ˣ죬͸۰ɣҾնȭͷڤУ
øǰ⽣պն£
۾ʱâ͵ȭͷâ۵ıײһ
䣡
ɽۿɼĲȭཻȻɢ
ڤ˵û⽣Ȼûô飡
ȻֻɫȭͷҲ˿δ
ңһȭĳϣ˿ڤѾ˳Ѫӿޱȣ
ǿǿ壡ڤȵ˵ϵʣҲǿ֣ҡһֻȭ⽣Ȼһ˶ûУ
ȹ󣬻ڤԼƱϴѹȥȻϽȼս⣬ͬʱڴȷܴ󣬵ҾͲţԪܱȵùҵԪľԪǱԪסˣɵԪĴҿʲôˣ
ڤ˵仰ţȻҲŵʱľȻֻƷľԵص㣬ϢָԪָü죬ټ֮лԪ⣬磬ҲʮˣԪӦñȸս׵ö࡭
֣ûڤţܹԪϣȺĵԪɽˮ֮ʱʤ֮ʱչ֮ʱ
ϧڤͲ֪һ
ڤҲ֪ϸûôĽԪֻýԪһΣǡԽʱһЩԪ
֮⣬Ԫúôڳϵڣ
ڤĴǹճһĨЦĻߣ˵ǾԿܲܺĹҵԪܲܽ˵󣡡
һ£ϲٷϻָȭҷնڶʽĽȭֱǰ⽣һ˲֮䣬ʮȭ
žžžžžž
һĽײÿһȭͬһǧش⽣ϣϴʮȭڤȴֻüһն
ңʮȭɲȫϿס⽣м䲿λʮȭ֮£Կ⽣粨˰
һԵγ忴оͬһ㣬Ҳֹסȴڵǹɹ־פ
ͷٴξȣͬʱҲûͣ£˫ַָ֮䣬ȴһ˶˶ޱȣһֻȴʮֻպǳһ˲ʮȭĺպշ緶ﻹţʲô似Ҵδ
ͷξȣڤǸоܲˣ⽣ʱֱҲڲǹǷ˱ԪͲʹڤǰδеľ֮УĽԪڣԪǿľԪȴҲ첻Σǰ
ȭң
ڤ˲ľٽն
ɸһ⽣ڤʱĵѣ
ֻƷ⽣ֱѳأѴǳϼϵһȭһʮȭڵĽм䲿λ
ϣľ
ôܣôöƷܣǴδй£ڤڿǻڤ֪뷨϶ҪѪ
Ͽ⽣ϵʱĲϲã΢΢̾Ϣ̾Ϣǣؽڵһʱ򣬾⽣ΪһѷϽնѳƬﻹһ˶Ĺ
֪Ҫʱؽһ㣡ȴûͣ¶ֺ
ڤսҲǷḻӦѸ٣Ȼ⽣ĶѣѾĻô֪Ԥϣˣһˣˣ
ɳϵȭѵ


206 
һȭʵʵһȭԪںһһȭ
ݺݻڼ˵Ļڤţ
ʱڤɵø죬ڱԴԴϵľԪͱԪضϡ
ŵȻжϣ
⻹յĽľԪضҲգûڤѪѵǹƽԪֲƽԪĶòľԪȫһɢ
ڤôУʲôԪһģȴûаô˼һȭʹģ
֮еĻڤֻһͷ˾ԲܲŶʮ꣬򣬽Ԫ˻񣿡
һȭȴǲ򵥡
СԽԡԪȭ佫
ҲǡԪȭ֮ЧڤڵľԪž£ã
ûľԪ֧ţڤһͨˣԲֹѪֹ
γøˡ
ͷ˶ʮָø죬ﻹ߶ţС˴ľϲʵ̫ˣֲûڰػ˲ţʱգ½
ڣڤֹͣ˺ˣȴǱ˵
»ڤˣһ׳ӣ˫۾˪ֱųϣһһ˵СӣһԶڵ£
£Ӳڣ£Թ޻ڣȻ壬ͬʱٶȣָԪղȻúţܽ⣬ôȭȥͽѪˡ
ǣϺĵԪҲǲ٣ÿһУǴУټϾͻƣԷô˵Ҳһнӳⷽ٣ʵף
һˣʵǿ
κβң˵֪һˣ۾һ˿â
һ׳ŵĲӣͻȻһͣǰƣΪ֮һһЦ׳߳ŭһһǰߣǿ
ССһɽǣϹ徹ȻʵȻСģ˴ģģǿģЩûûˣ磬ǻʲôĸ֣һϰɣ
༤
׳ӺȺС̫Ը㣬һ㹻ˣ
㻹
ǽҾúÿ˵ţ׳ǿ񱼵ӰѾȼ˻𣬻ʺɫζһ㣬뼫֮䣻׳ӻڴţ㲻ǽľҾ㳢˽ζ
ϼ״ЦЦϷʣڴ½ãףϵˣҪɼ𡢼֮𣬿ɲǰף˵磬ʩչ֮𣻾ǾȥƷʾ͸ȥʣƷʣԵȵȺܶණйأͷʦֻ۷Ϊȴʩչ֮𣻾ζȻֻǴʦ磬ܼĻ棬Ѿǰ⾫׳޼ˡ
ȻǴӻƷ˵ûԪĻȣֶ֧ʱ䣬ܷ似
ڳ˵棬ߵȴһ߽Ȼͬ·ڵѾȫȫشˣؼܹڼ֮ȫͿʩչ֮
·˵ϵĸֱӣ㣬ࣻǣߵ·ȴҲΣգʵʵôҲΣգɳϵģһСģһغĽ֣
ЩͷڳԺһЦڼϷš
׳ӼϴЦҪ˵ٷ֮ٵƽںǰٷ֮ٵĲܣϾλͬ飬нһ࣬ûо衢ûн䱸ǲŽй¶ѾʽȥԸȴޱȵСӡ
СӣЦʲô
ЦЦ֮ˣЦЦ֮¡Ƶᡣ
ѳɻ˾׳ӣеŭһܸǣֻ˫ֽһڻһΣȴǰγһѽǴӻаγһ㡣
ѽͨɫȻɫ
Ȼ⽣ֻҲڷԲƷʣɫļ
ϻ𽣵ľ׳ӣϽ֮࣬սȻغȵ˽Σҿ㻹ʲôУ
ҵľлкֻܶ࣬ǣ㻹ʸʹ
׳ҪѪĳ嶯Խû˸˶˵Ϲҵļ˵ҲǿͿģΪпܣͻƳΪ
ڽ죬ȴһСϷʣӣ
ǿ̣벻̣
ϻ𽣸߸𣬰һȣ


207 û

ϻ𽣵ն£
ʱվһδ
ζΡΡӰ۸ĸŮӣԼİ˴չ磬ɱķﶼϲѰɣ
һԾȫָŵγ󾪣ԶһƬ԰׵Ļڤ󺧣ͷ˶ţСӣҪʲô𣬿ɲģ
ǰ֮γͻڤųԴеӣȴ벻˹ؼʱ̣ʲộоУֻ¶˰ɡ
׳ҲǴ󾪣ӵСͬʱϻȥƸ죡
δϻȻٵϣ
ɳȻ˿
ֻЦӻɢ
ֱϻҪնڳ֮ʱϲŽȭӭʮȭӰϻ𽣵ͬһλϣ
һȭȭȭ
Ȼϵڿʧɳȴûͣ£һȭһȭ£ÿһȭЯʮȭӰ
׳ӵϻ𽣣ԱȻڤ⽣ƷҪߣҪȻ˿ӦѲŶԣ
Ȼϻûжѿɾ׳ȴǽп಻ѣǹӴˮһһ˸߹һ˵ӿ
׳ֱֶֻץסϻ𽣣
ǡʱһȣҶϣ
˶ȭͷϮ׳Ӵ󾪣ԥسûˣˣ
ϲûгƳɢżľĿ
Ȼϵܣǽ׳Ӽļ𣬱ĻԪһͻƣϺԪͬ磬ҪԪжôӴ󣬳ϵȻŹκһ˿һĻ᣻ⲻڴ֮ͥ£ɽ֣ΪδĻϿ϶ͲôˣԻá׳ڵĻԪһɶ
ȻʱҲ뱩¶ԼĵƣʲôʱЩǺõģ
׳ӰȻ˻ȥû׷ŰͬʱţÿµĹˡ
üһҾͲ㲻»𣡡˵ţ׳תȫԪһֱӴӳϰΧ׳ӱƴάŻš
׳Ӳ֪ûгû׷ҪﵽģǰĿģ
׳Ӹ֪ģǰ˵ľкܶ࣬һĴʵԽľԵȻˮ˻ؽǾʲôֻ׳ȷʵûʵƲѣ
УЦݸǲˡ
׳ƲѣʵͻڤγˣҪСӵģֻһѵ˭ĵϣȻץȥүҪˡ
ϧѵûи˼ңǱ˼Һݺݽѵһ
ܣ
ΪʲôûãĿǰΨһʣǾ׳ҪѪ⡣
⣬˸Ĳ²𰸶ǣѵлԣǽ˫ʣ
֪ԳЧֽǻô򵥣
۾ﶼǾ֣һԣͽǱټϻԣǲҪǵ
ԽԽС׳ȥ׳ӱܵˣ˵£Ҳ㣬ģ㿴ѾСˣʵЩҿԸʱ䣬̷һЩҩָָԪȻʩչΣ
ۣ
⻰׳˶ʱѪҲ̲ס͵˳
ͷϵĻѾε˶ͷһˡ
γ뻪ڤķӦǾ͸ǲˣһһ㣬ųϣӿʣʲô
ȴأ׳ûж˵ǲûеҩҪȥҵ㵤ҩ
⵭Ļ׳ӵĶȴųζҲһżߣȴ裬ǣ׳ӴСӣţ
켴ҩָԪ
ʢŭľ׳ӣֻǵóϽܸ裬ȴȥ鷳˶
һУֻΪƽʱ߸ϹˣΪˣһƽ¶˼Ǿ˲õĴ£ǲܵ£
ûֹ˵û¶ҵ㡣
ۣ
һѪ
Ѿתγ˵ҲѹƵò˰ɣɣҲ̷һԪ֮ģһְɣ


208 ĥʯ
ǳţ»
ֻáĥʯǿһ㣬ýѵĥøΪ
ԣϸʱ䣬þ׳ӻָԪ
ԣϽγ壬ָ״̬һ֣ͬ
ԣתɫ԰׵Ļڤ˵ȻأӦûһս֮ɣ㵤ҩָһЩԪɣ
˵꣬ϵһվôм䣡
𣡡
Ϻȳһ֣һأ˫۱žһȼŵĻ棬ʱϨ
ŻȻϨ𣬾׳һѪҪ³ȴӲ˻ȥ
ϵ˵·ֶ̩Ȼ
ڵŻڤ˻ָԪҲڵļչϹҲôˣΪϹҶԼĵϣȴ˴һǶ⣬һôϹҵͻһǧɣⶫȴǵһӣ˭Ҳ벻ã
ҪȵģϹңɻϹ˵ϹֱϵζСĪĽͣȴȥϵɻ
һСҲˣǶСĪǵһľ⣬ŽתƵһߣнΪһС£
ûϹܿĹϵҲԵ޹ʱ˵ǹʹ
ҲΪˣϵڣûдɱ䣡
˼Уǡ΢紵˳ϵƮƮо棬ȴеĳ˹ڡ硱ʡ
΢磬ܽ·ȴܽҴ綴ķ磬ܽҴߣ˺ۣ˺ΪλĲ죿
ţԺһѰȥȴֺӰֻʣһƬհףֻʣǷ磬Ȼ
ûץסǵ⣬Ҳ٣ֻЦЦһ죬һ磬ν֮
̧ͷ죬ɽϵּһ䣬ף磬ںδν٣ʲô
ţϲ뵽ǲҵѪǰľ磬ҲҪ٣
뵽⣬ϾһЦﵽѪôǿ󣬲֪Ҫȵһ죿þˣϾԽɽϵ磬εĿֲ
ӣǿò񻰣˿ɣڵһ׺֮ʱͻ𣬸˵ȥԿˡ
ʣҲֱ࿹
ѪҶԿɽٳɹѪѾɾˣ
֪ʦֿܵס桭ֵܵù𣿡꣬һ뵽棬ϸоһӳصѹ
켴ĿﾫޱȣսŨнʱ䣬ܵһˣʱһҪ̽̽ʵôֵ˺־磡
һƶ϶Իڤ˴ȵʱ乻ˣһսɣ
չվ𣬳״Χϣ
󣬾׳˵Сӣȷпʵ̫ˣǾԾĹ
ϻ࣡
ڤȴֽʵһ𣿡
Ҫʲôȴ˵ᣬֻǶǾͲҪʲôС̽ôֵ󱬷֮ģֱóǵľаɣľУ
񣬶һۣͬʱ˵ͷ
Ͽɵĥʯ˷ֱϵԪԪľԪԪ˶ΪȻǻˣ϶ĥʯ⡣
𣡡
׳һ𣬡Сӣҵŭɣ
ŭ𣬻Ƴϻͨʢ
ͬʱγҲһǡǰûشһģһΣ֪㻹ܴܲҵش
ڤأľϵԪûһľ
ʽҪұЦǻشĻᣬֵãҾһ˵ĺжͣ
ʱ˿̣սһ
ɾǧһ֮ʣԶнŲ˻δʱ򣬾ס֣
Ϲ
ֻһֻħޱϣʱϹȴûһģ
ϹȻһģ󣬻벽ǰȫװĲʿ
ˣϹһĺ̶ӵˣֻöƹ𣬡ֹӣĺ̶վһ𣡡


209 
սҪʼȴ˽˾֡
һ㣬óϺǲˬò׼ġĥʯЩһĥʯҲĥˣ
Ϲǰ棬۽űΧסĳϡ
ĺ̶ӵĶƹˣǸϹĻΧ֮ǰ˽վһ
ƹڴ͸Ͻ˵ֹӣҡ
˵꣬Ͼʵ𣿡
ƹȻȴò˵ͷˣֹӣ¶
ҲǴ򽻵ɽֻ;֮еһŵѣȻ֪ò࣬Ѿ˳Ϲĺ̶ӣ֮϶ŶԹ
ҲΪ⣬ϸǿ϶ֳô¶ǸССĪѲ˹ϵ
ԣ˵˱֮꣬޹ϸ𣡡
ֹӣҸ֪־СĪһƹҪȥԸлƹϱ꣬˵
ϽӹЩԪʯ޺˵Ҳ鿴ֱָһӣ˵֮Ͷѣҳݣ
ֹӣˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǾֹ֮ӿ͹⡭
ƹĻһαˣϻͷŶƹƹȥҾ͵ñȥ
⻰öƹϢһͣ켴ԺΧȫˣ˵϶ƵĹͣƹľȣϽˮ಻һսȻʵһԼû¶ģսǿ綼һҪ£סĺ̶Ӳܶȹѹأ
Ҫлңɣ⣬ĸлˣҪлԪʯ޺лɣϷǳƽ˵ţһҲԼĻ˱һ̰֪
ϲŲЩֻģֻǿźڵж
˶ѡ
ƹһ֮æֹӣƹӦúܿͻҪߣϹ߽ǽУƹ˵仰ǿǺģԥϹĹĺ̶ҪܴĴۣǣȴһ̶ϣĺ̶Ӱһ
Գϵ˴ԭϹĹĺ̶ӸǳϾͿ϶ᶪĺ̶Ӳܣ
ȻȴתͷŶƹ˵ܺǼҺӣľ;ŭҵĻӦúأ
ƹһɫȻ䣬æֹӣСĪС¶ԡ
Сǰ˵ֻթһթ֪ƹɫ϶ôȻȻģһ䣬Щ£СҲ뱻˵ǹʹҪҵǹʹˣ͵бǹ̵ľ򣡡
䣬䵽ƹĹƹ˵ֹӣ£һĽ
ĽҾԼ֣Լ⣡
Ѿǻðˣԭȷʵ飬̧ͷϹ˵˵Ҫٿ㣡
Ϲ֮ǰŶƹʱԹʻһЦȵɽҵĵ̣ڣվҵĵϡ
˵ţϹĿ⣬ζϣ۾˿ִεζʮֵĿ⣬ȵٿҾͰ۾ˣ
ϹЦ˼ȻջĿ⣬Գ˵ֵģҿɲżȻŮˣǸСҽģû뵽û뵽̳۵ӣСС;Ȼ㱾죬赶ɱ˰
ƹｫСĪݺݵһ٣ͬʱҲоϹЩͬԣ˵ô໰ˣֱӾʹˣҲ
Ϲ˵ֵģ£Σ
ƾ㣬ɣϻû˵ζ˵Բļһ
Ϲ۾ŭ˵ҿɸܶԪʯ޺ˣеҩзֻҪң
ϹʽǷǵҪ׷Ű֣ղ˳ĺ̶Ӷƹ˵ǷԼ飬ġ
ԪʯҼǣʲôζȳһʵϹȻǲţԪʯôЮҪꣿ
һһ˵㲻ʸȰ㣬ȥȻ߲ˡ
ϹȻߣǽŰȻ˵а취Ůϵİֻ̺ۣҪңҾĨȥ̺ۣ


210 һȭɱ
ǵ̺ۣζͲȥ
ʹҪζҲó
ǣ·ȴɱϹɵð԰̺ۣշӡ
ζԣǲ룬ֱǿɶζƼǰ쳣ͱˣ֮ŮЩССϺ׿ģ
ʲôζϹ˵
ϹŭС󣬿ûֻζ˵˵Ͳһ
仰ǰһ䣬Ҫʮ
С椣үһҵģϹ֣ǶץҪү
ƹĺ̶ӵһߣòƽ䱸ţȴţͻټһ㣬ټһ㣬ֻдĺ̶Ӳܰȫȹһѹء
ţƹȴĿֱȥ鿴ƹ֪ĿɣӲȥ
һߣҸղ˵Ļ
ֹӣҡƹľ
ûƹӰһֱϹȥϹɫţϽ챣ң챣ҡ
ڤ˲ƣϽסȥ·ƹ״Ը˽ζãҲȥڿֲʱ򣬸ǳûϹʱ
ٶȺÿ죬ڤ͸֮ѾʩչľС
һʱ䣬׳ӵϻ𽣻նҫڤǸľٴֳ
γһشǴӣ
ΧϹ¶Ц⣬ͲţľӲĺϻȻҲ˻ڤ˲ˣǣϹΪҲˣ
ңϹɱУ
󹥻ûͷۣͬʱֵ˵Ĺ
ĴǣķһĨЦ
ֻӰˮ沨һ㣬һɢʧ
Ȼϲοʧֻٶ̫죬쵽˼ȥҲ׽ƶĹ켣
ͻƣӵĲֻٶȣٶȣֻ֮ǰһֱš
ڤʧȥĿһɲǣʧأ𾪲ѣô͵ʧˣ
ʧصĻжƹ񣬶ƹͬʱϣ϶ʤҲǲʤֻҪˣͺðˣͿԶԳʩԶ飬Ȼͼ¡
ȻϾˡ
ȳһγֵʱȴǳڻڤǰ
ֻɫȭͷֱľԪûľľȭͷһϣǾľһζεѿ
ȭͷ䵽һľ鵽һ
һι̫죬̫ͻȻڤھ֮䣬ҪУǾľѾѵǰŶģǺЮ֮Ľɫȭͷ
꣡
ڤоǰ߹ǣˣ
ɶϹϣڤȴٽӴҪˡ
ֻϧǽɫȭͷ˲ͻȭΪצץסļã
ȻڤӦѾûڤ˿УֱֻҪشȥ
ȥƣأ
γɫֱ䣬ԽԽľϽջشȻһش£ڤɣ϶һ飡
γһشȴ˵ջأջصġ
ʼγΪ˸˺ǿǵȫԪ³һھѪ棬һش似ǲõ۷塣
Ѿǧ࣬γڽشƫԭй
ͬʱγܵɣͽѪ
һʱ̣ϵӰѵǰγȥδ֮ʣӵһǧҽԪںϵĽɫȭͷݺԴ棡
ȭ
ֻγͷ­ѳѪ֮ķѿ
γӣԪƮڵأ
һ˲䣬ȫžһУ
ھɱģҲͣǵǽԿһһϢ֮ǰҪöԷص׹⣬תɿ־壡
һнһȭʹԴҽӺ
ȷᷢǳȭ֮ˣôҲǿߣ
ȻСӣֻһһÿµ
ˣ⺷ˣ
һɲ䣬ʱռ䣬·ֹͣÿһ˵ֻǸͦεӰǸȾѪӰ
Ϊʲô
ͬΪΪʲôȴǿò


211 ˣ
һôˡ
˿־֮ʱְ˼⣡
һͻɱ¾¼ľǰ˶ͷ
ͷʮָѾûзǸ˶󻹱ųȭʱƣͷţһȭǰһȭԲͬһЩСӾĺƷ׵似ؽ𣿵ؽƷǴ˵еף֮ٶ֮죡
ÿµĶ֣ʵΣСӵһǣսϵıǿ£һֱٶƣڹؼʱ̣ͻȻȹߣȴɱһΪܸвˣ켴䷴ֿ֮ʱȭһʣǸģȴãľڤ͸˵ˣ˵ûȴ޼
ͷһܸߵۣҲɽɱֻһУǣǸ߽ϣֻһ
˶ͷúȷ
ϵġǬԪ־磬͵ÿϵܴһ
似ǳԴǺƷףԼֻ֪֪ܹãʵãܴС
Դһ似Ǿ֮£
˵˴似
ÿһɵĵӣϵͳѧϰ֪ʶģ֪һ㡣
ϧϣƫƫûϵͳѧϰ
ߵ·Ƿ˼
һӵǴлãڶ̥ǣλʦҲӦעȫ֮㵽ɣؽ󣬹ġçɽ
ԣϲ֪Щɣν֪ηˡ
ҲԼԴ似ֻǾӦӦս֮ʱŸ
Ȼ似ԴҲһ˳ģ綴УֻǴҷնʽ似ȴ˺üµĿ࣬ϵ˿ڣһһȥҪж
˵ڳõġǿɶðΣգһһ۲Ŵģ
ϾôԼ·
˿̣ûȥЩ˵ľȡ־֮࣬һڵϣ㳯ž׳ȥÿһƾ͸Ǽ֡
׳ѾƱʩչ˶һ㣬˶ˣˣԭȼյĻ棬Ҳס
߳岽֮󣬾׳ӲŴӶλĿ⾪ؿųϣ˳һ
ʱǻȻ
˭Ҳ˭Ҳ壿
ʿʦҲǴʦ佫ǽһʮ
ȴˣһԴ˻һſڵϣҲ
Ͻ׳ˡ
һһˣҡ
Ͼȭ׳ӷ·𿴵ĩ٣תܣҲӣҲ֪ܺܶǣԼĻ𣬶˼ҸãȻһУȴڳϴγԴʱʧȥеģ

Ȼ
ӣʹûУ
ϺȳһӿлȻ֮͵ײھ׳ӵĺ󱳣׳ʧȥ֧ţѪſڵϻУ
һȭ֮󣬳ϲתϹȥ
ϹѾͻţôҲû뵽󣬾ȻôһһһһӣԶˣ
һɨϹԱߵħޣֻޣȻۺ־âܵȥ
ϹԽԽȴûӣҲûнЩǰΪ֪Щûãܣûӵõοս˼ҵĶ֣Щʦ佫˼ҵĶأҪ˺սУĻż٣иǧϹԻһѣͶİ˺
ʱϹֳ˱Ҫ򶨣ƽʱķү˵ȫȫˡ
ߵϹǰվŲ󣬳Ϲʹһ⡣
һ⣬ûŽɫ
ڳҪϹʱϹǶӣضˣһĨڹ⣬ֱϮţ
ӣ
һֱųƶζͬʱӰܲ˵ǰȥ
ϹһɱУ̫ͻȻͬǰȻʧһ㣡
ǺڹҪϮţϹҲûһ⣬Ȼȫء
ϹͻϮҪɹʱ
žһ
ϹĶߣһ仰ӦøлϹ


212 
ž
һ
ֱϹľѣԼԴγһķˡ
þʮֵҲϹпܲγĺ󳾡
ˣϹӣѾָͷӡǣ׵ø߸ߣ
ϹΪɱУǼƷȴڴ֮ʱץסҲǰ÷ֺ
ӦøлϹϵϹߡ
㲻Ϲǰͱһʬ壬ţ
ϹӲزȴŬԼʵΪʲôΪʲôз㲻֪дɱеģ
̫ˣһү竹ӣôأӦú£޵ؿ־壬ȻϽӣ뿪ƫƫȻӣҲӲġһѪ˵˱仯ȻҵҪһ㣡
ϹһԼǰӦвɿЦ֮£вʱпܱ˼ȡͷԾ˼ٰү
ϹʲôԨԴϹţлһ룬ѾˣΪ٣ҲȵĴʩôԼʣгͷζӲˡ
ȴʩǽǰˣеϹңΪϹЧ
ϹʻûлشϹңʲôԨԴеֻԵ
ֹӡϹĳƺѾӡֵġˡֹӡȻֻһƺѣȴϹ룻仯ģΪϵʵû㹻ʵֻѾ⵽ݲУвҵĥ
Ϲ˵ֹӣǰ˵Ļ͵û˵
˵˾˵ˣ˵ܵû˵أ˵ţǸ󴸵ģһȭȥ˵͵Ҹղûд㣬Ϊ𣿡
Ϲɫˢز԰׵㣬ôѵҪɱң
ȻǰѾ˵Ǿ仰ϾγӣϹǿصʯͷǷŲ
㲻ϹɣϹ⣬ӣһֱֻۣͽ䣡
ϹҪҪֱۣ˵ҪʲôҶܸ㣬үүϹҵļ϶Ӧ
ֻҪһֱۣĮȻһֱȥϹҵĳԹɾ͸һ֣ǣƾǰΪʵãϹ֪жңԣøζһһСħŮζڣû˵ʲô֮Ϊ˶ߣҪȻζ϶᲻ֵı¶֮ѹϹ嶼ѹ
Ҳ߲ҧ·̫ˣ׼ܺ淢Ļѡ
ҪҴˣҴˣҲҪңҿȥϹҵĹʲôϹҶȥѰңԪʯ޺һ࣬Ϲкܶܶġ
ϹٵķֱУץסϹֻﻹ֣һۣһˡ
ʱꡱ죬ϹҺ
һ֮󣬳ϷſϹ˵ƾϹĵλֱۣӦò̫ѵ£ֻ뾯㣬һѵԺ㣬Ϊ֮ɣ
Ϲ۾ԹޣͷĶѣʹϹһһûƿڴҰһ۾Թ֮ɫȻʧӰ٣˵ǰ£ȥ֣Ϲ壡
˵ţϹʮ㣡
ԣһֱû㶵ùĶƹɫȻ䣬ҪƼϹңĺ̶ӲɽǴȥˣˣϵǿƹϾɽǰ
ƹ񲻸ȥϽ˵ֹӣϹܸģĺ̶Ӷܸ㣬Ҫʲôĺ̶ҲͬΪøã
١ʲô˼Ϲȵԭǳ⣬һ㡣
ƹҲھϹı仯ﻹʲôүֱϹĿǰμλ÷ͷʢĳϹ⻹Ҫ
龪ƹ˿˵ֹӣҴĺ̶ӣĺ̶ӣĺ̶ӿóĳɵĸɹɣֹӣ


213 ԭ
һսϹһ˲٣ȫû
ϹķүٷɱĳˣΪϹĹ
ĺ̶ӵˣҲвսƹûȥᣬȴǼϹǸƵ꣬ͳĺ̶ӵĳɸɹɡ
Ϲĺ̶ӵ룬ϲÿɷȴϹɱˣֱۣ㲻ң
ϹҪ˵ޡ֣ȴϽ죬һ룬ڲͬˣԳ֮ת˵ޣ
ңȴÿµϺε˵ǲǵʵӮңǰˣûüֵˣͻɱҰ
ԣϹһͣȻ룬⣬ܲûشǰʵش𣬽ʲôԶ
ǰϹ壬кܴĺôƾǰʣҿ϶ǴӮǰģϹؾᣬҶԳϵĳƺѾִӡֹӡˡٵˡǰ
ʵΪ磬ϹǰǾԵʵ
ϴ˿ЦЦҪģǸ𣡡
ǰֻҪ˵ϹһȫȥϹᶨ˵
ȴһһľ棬֮׵һڣһϹԵֵģǲݺѡ
ǰ
ĺ̶ӣ˵ĺ̶Ӻʲôףʲôϸ𣬶޹أҲҳȥմң³ӣϹҵĹǲģǾ仰Ϊ֮ɣ
˵ߣл΢΢ʹϹҵĹϹܸܿһ㣬ܡ
ǣϵϣ̫̫أҪߵ·ǴϹģϹ壬Ϊ˵ʹͣͣ˵ЩѪڲ·ԣȥɣ
Ҫؼȥף
ǷծỹģǸžӨ͸Ů֣˵
ųԶȥӰϹٴαԹ޳еļƻԳƵǰ󽲣ȫ˶ϡ
˵ĲǼƻֱۣԼ
竵󣬲Ϲֳֻļ󣬾ҪԴɱһЩ˵Ұñ˲ңҡҡؼңٱ岮ֵܡ
ȻͿڰܶ飬ΪΣȷϹҴ˺ܶ鷳£үүҲԽԽˮǱߣҲȣֻΪǼ簮ȴ֪Ƕıһ㣬ˮ˶֪
֮ɽǣΪĺ̶ӣҪĺ̶ɽȻ̶ֻӣȴѾвϹҶɽǵͳΣ
ĺ̶Ӳǵĺ̶ӣϹĺ̶ӵվķң
Ϲɽǣһνַӵ쾡£ɰȴڵĺ̶ӵ·ߣǺЩ֮Խ뱱ĵطǸԡޡΪǿŴνĺ̶ӵĻ
Ϲôƻģǲʳĺ̶ӵĲҽĺ̶ӵĲƱתϹҵģȵʱͺȻĺ̶ӣĽ
һƻǰһһʵ֣ĺ̶ӵҲԽԽѹΪŴʧţĺ̶ѿ촦ĶľأϹоؼʱ̾Ҫ
ȻһΣƹԴӣ̳۵Ӵ˳ȥϹҪް۸ʲôۣҪƹǣȫնɱɾ
鱨һʧģɲ룬ƹҲеƣڻ֮Уһ߽һһ̿͡
ټϣ˳ôһ
ްȫûϢϹʱ֪ʱҹĻĽ٣Ȼ̳۵£ĺ̶ӡ
ȻڴϣϹȴǿ˱ӦȥСĪǸڽϹף˱ʣǣûеֳΪʱǸү֣СĪպԱߣҪһ˵
ʵǻϹǺ뽫СĪץȥһֲòȥүŮȥļǵģôǷүأǻ˵ע⣿
ԣϹŮ㱼ζȥ
ɴˣ¡


214 
ϹԷү֣ϷζζߣΪŮˡ
֪εϷˣɲͨ˼ҵĹҲʲôССС㣬ϷŪˣƾϹͷû˸˵ֻѿʹʡ
֪ζʵֵϹ֪Զһϣ˿̵ζѾڳϵռôһϯ֮أĺۼ
ôĹζˣǺ㷢һĻĻ֪ϹҵģйϵϹѾˡ
ϹСĪ¶ֵĽˮһдǰģ֮󣬾֪ǰ˲򵥣һܲǣԶһ㡣
ǰǷү۸ˣţرķүܲ
˳ϲ򵥵ϹҲô˻ᣬշԣɳ˱ҪԽĺ̶ȥһǽĺ̶ӵ£ҽĺ̶ӵЩ˳ֻ١ڵûоԵİգ̳ۻʱᵽ˰ա
γ뻪ڤǸС˿Ϲͽо׳ӣϵǰ棬һҪ¡
Ϲ֪Էү֣շôһ˲ţ˼ƻץ֮ĿǰͲʲô¶
ϵã˼ҵһ̲ˣ˼Ҵò¶ȫϹգƱ
ȻһˣϹҪԷүȥͶ·ˣްǸһĸԴ˵ʲô˲飬ǶϹ˵ȴǺܴһֵ
ϹֻнϹңֲͼı
ֻϧϼؾܾ
ϹѾõʧĴصʲôҵĴҲпΣ
֮£ϹȻǽһеĳϣ֮ǣųƹԽԽϹţϹ壬ΪϹãָϹôʧֻ·һ
ϹûȥƣɱҪƻ᲻ĺ̶ӣĺ̶ӣϹʲôҲ˵Ϲҵǿ֣߳Ĩɱʵ˵ˡ
ƣơϹţȫûɵ˵һ䣬Ǻܿõ֣ͬķ
ôһϹûȥ֪ơ֣ܿ
ʱѿߵƹǰ
ʱԶнŲ𣬻ͷһֻƹ˵غ磬
ƹȻˣŵ㹻ƹ˯ŶҪЦˣ̳һĺ̶ӵɽǵĳϹƴǰҲһս֮
̳ˣ١Ķ磬ȴǱ١ҪᣬҪо񣬽üϣ̳۵Ϊ١ߵԭ
̳۵ԱߣСĪСĪʱʮ̳СĪߵǰֱСĪڵϣһȭǸ˵ֹӣ֮лΪ֮£Ǹ⣬صؿץ
磬ҴˣԭҡСĪ˵
ζߣɻؿһУʵӣô¶ôСĪүү
Լ˵ɡ
СĪһһʮԼļƣ˵˳ζԭ£ģζԭˣû뵽һСӣȻʹ㶾ƣҪдӣҪеƣͱƽ˻ӣ
ζԭСĪ
СĪͷĵ˵죬ѪӶͷƹۣ̳һںӣ۽ȴڲͣسӣųϵķӦ
̳˾ٶʵ֮٣ӣȻ֪СĪļƻʱл̾һ˱١˴Ļ̳۲ò˼
١صĺ̶ӣ㽫һ·Ϸ¶̳˵ˣҲ˵ζƷ£ǽеĻɣ˵ǿǴɳĵӵȵȡ
ʱ̳۶ڿǡ
ϽɱˣСĪǰΪ˵һ֮Ļ̳۲ٳɣСĪٶȸ
ϻûзӦĽŲȴϹƴŻǰ
ϣûᣬֻ˵뱨ܼ򵥣ԭ£Ҳܼ򵥣
ֹ˵ĳȫ


215 ʮ屶
Ԫʯ޺ˣټϸղȥУͰǰı꣬屶ɣϵ˵СĪҲ޺øУһСļƾ˿£˻֪жôϸȷǰ׼ҴСĪˣ˼Ǯأ
ãͰֹ˵İ죡̳üͷһ£͸ɾشӦԪʯûˣ޺ûˣ׬ҪǽûˣǿѰ졣
ϲÿɷ˵ԭ£ҵһԭҲԪʯ޺ˣġϿζ͵ÿ˼ˡ
ӣģ˵ζ˵飬ʵ˵Ԫʯһԭ𣿷ζСĪǲˣĪеĶ£ζǺġ
Ǿʮɣ
Բں˵١һ߾죬ʮ屶ˣҲ˵Ҫԭ£Ҫĺ̶ӵĵӸͳһ룬١Ҳףǰ˽ύãǶôҪ
̳һһ˵˸á֡
ϵͷСĪ˵ɣݱϷ֪Թң޲ɱңǣ㣬ҵˣǣߵۣڲˣȫϾɽǸĪǿһʹȥܡ
⻰СĪӲɴ˸ԺĪĥĻ棬۾¶֡
ԣӦңڻţһܲ׵£
硭ҡ
һ䣬ļƾʹñʹϣйصϣһҪԭ£ͲԪʯ޺ܹģǾҪǿԴԭ£
ۡһСĪܲסϿʩųǹѹ
̳ۼ˵仰һֻҪԭһؾͺãɲô򵥵飡
̳뽫ӣѩأ˵ֱ֪ӳˣһʵ̳ţʱƾĪǻֶļƣ϶ܽĺ̶ӷչ׳˵ܰѺһͱһ塪̼ң
ǣСĪ¶ˣȲ˵ǸƵ˻ô͵Ƿүװô꣬ܿϹҲһˣ϶ὫСĪ´ȥŪûҪСĪ¶һϵеıĺ̶뷶֮ìܣһǵòʧˡ
ˣ̳һ֮󣬾ѩأǹվȽһ¼Ȼܵ͵Ǿ͸ߵ㣻Ȼ÷裬ȡһЩʩܱҪӵð
̳Ȼʱͨ죬ھԵʵǰһ֮Σô
ͱǰ¶˼ҸɱɱϹĺ̶أ
Ψһ̳ɻǣ˽ԼӣЩ¶ţƵˣôģرԼӣֻһ֮Ե⣬ܿСĪˣδ̫ˣµ־ټϿֲжɲһҼһҵô򵥵ġ
̳Ȼףó϶СĪģթƹ񣬽ʱСĪһ⣬۾һ⣡
Щͷһ̳֮ۿ˵ֹӣԪʯ޺˶Ҫĺ̶ӲܹＯԣҪ鷳ֹһһˡ
߰ɣϵ˵꣬ץסζ̧֣ȥ
תһȽϵ𣬡ߣҵͬ𣿡
ˣѵ㿴ǰľ𣿡
̳۴̼˵ﻹ˷ܣɽڣСؾӪôãĺ̶ľ棬ĴۣǿɲһСϹƣЦһΣռϷĲϹƣ̳ۡ
ͷΪϹһһĺ̶ӷϹâ
̳۹˵ƣ֪֪֪֪ĺ̶ӿɲֻĺ̶ӣҪԸĺ̶ӣ֪Ϲ׼ûС
ϹһͣĿͶϹϹעȴûз̳۵ϣ۾ֻһͦεô۵Ӱ
ûϹĺ̶֮ĶԹֻţȻϹҵĻΧȦЩʬ壬ڳʱ˭Ұε˭ҳ
еˣȣǲˡ
ϹŭɶǾôˣϹҵϣһͿأ㲻ǵش󺰵ǣߣ
Ϲµֻȳĸ֣˭˭


216 һʱ
˭˭
ĸŨѪζȾ֮£øҲ͵˸ϣҾʧȥ
Ϲȣ˭һ˭ҲƴɱȫҿôߣСӣǣҾͲԪ޾Ͳۣ
ϻϹƣЦһЦ˵úܶԣҵԪĵòˣҲۣĻҪۣǣۣܶҶ˺սɱ֮ǰնͷ
ϵĿֶϹһһ˵ͷ
ϹͫȻŴ仰
̳վ˵ˣĪĺ̶Ӳɣ֪ܲܶԸأ
ͷҪϹŸɣ
ˣ˵ˣҿɲϹŸɣֻǺɻΪʲôҺúõ⣬Ҫװǿĺ̶ӵĻɱĺ̶ӵأ̳ۿɾһᣬһ˵ҲϹ˺ƤҪľǣһѹϹţһĺ̶ûʲôɽô̶ӣϹҲ˼
ң¶ȥǶϹ˵һƻ
ϹȣͷѪˣ
˵ĶʵңѾ㹻֤ݣϹƣзүĺ̶ǧԩ꣬ծģҲΪǱģϹ壬ѪծҪѪ̳˵÷ŭ˵ñ롣
Ϲᣬֻ˵ߣ
ЩڽλõĻһʱ䣬ٶɢһ·¾ͳ˼ҵȭꣻǲ룬ֻģġ
ԣúζЯֶȥ
̳ۼ˾ôˣһ̾ϢҪ߳ͻǸöãϹɽǵͻ߽⣡
̾Ϣ̾Ϣ̳ۻǸϽӣų˶ȥ
һȻеżȻ¼ģϹ壬Ϲ¶ʧսš½ⶫ˺ܶ£һУֻҪһ³£ͳˡ
ϹǸӰݵһУΪ㣬ضΪ˸ۣҪñγ廹Ҫң꣬ϹϹ˵壬׼õޣٶȸϻȥȱĺ̶ӻЩ죬ɽǾҪˣǧܳʲôӣлɳˣ⣬ɺǸƵģһϣʲôˣм䣬òҪȥҪٴݾߣ
ĺ̶ӣô죿
ϹһЦֻ̳Ϻ꣬ĺ⣬ϧûãĺ̶ӵģҪҲߣ˵ƣߵŮˣʲô֣Ҳϸһ飻ܾ١̳ۿŮʱ𾴵ĸо
ãң̰ɣϹƴߴٵϹֱȥ
ߣȴѾĺ̶ӵĵ̣̳۹ؽ˽ȥϺò裬˵ֹӣɲһĲ裬ˮ̺رˣֹӣԵȣǻٶ׼ñꡣ
ֻһʱ˵һ䣬˲裬һȣһֱȻ΢ǰãҲгִĲҶԺܹܹ
̳һϵĻüëһţд⣬׼Ԫʯ޺ԳﱸĽڣĺ̶ӣ׼Ϊ£һ֣̳Ѿףƾĺ̶ӵһֻСӣݵôһֻ
ԣֻ̳Ϊ£ԻȡҶĺ̶ӵأҪͽĺ̶ӵӣѾ˿ӱޣϢݸңŷҺܿͻ
ǳô˵һ仰ͽ̳е뷨ٴգ׼ȡһ£ֹӣһʱʵЩ
ֻһʱ
˵ţζƷ˿ڲ裬˵費ãӣǻؼҺ裬軹ҪúһٱҪϲȣҾ󡣡
ζ˵꣬ͽһߣҲȥƷȥһۡ
Цŵ˵ͷͬһߡ
̳ۺ١˵ģȴľսزһ£óĺ裬ѾǼƷˣҲܾȣרдͣŮˣһ˵˸裬ǿǼƷмƷ̺ǳ棬мУ򲻵ٿ˵ô㣬ûʲô˵ӡ
˶Կһۣп϶Ůӣ̫򵥡
ζһƽЦ


217 籩γ
ζҲǸֻƮƮһ仰㽫̳е뷨ȫˡ
裬̳Ҳֻ˵δ
Ůӣܽ赱ƽʱǲҪ˵һѰŮӣǴ̳۶š
ӲģǾԲģ̳۵ӳ⣬˽
ôֻʣġ
ڣҲС
̳תԸ϶ȥ׼ƴȫҲҪһʱ֮
١Ӧתȥ
̳ȴʼղףΪʲôƣ̰ƣԭµȵȣԪʯ޺ˣֶ϶ĺ̶ӵĳɸɹɣӶʵֵý
ϲЩֻζС˵Żӣôʱһᣬ϶еˣһ
û⻰ϾᣬԼòУתƻζɴô죿
ɴɣ˳㽫ɴƳһζˣô˵ҲүүĹŵӣɵĶʮµһˣҪһ֮ᣬǿɲ̫ã԰Сүү֮
ãѧɴûζһ˿һĵȴֱָģζϲЦˡ
̳۱úһʱ˵ǵĵףҲҪչһõĿˣϧ˵˵ЦЦˣȴһ仰岻ȥ
ңڳζ˵ЦʱϹŵޣŻϹȥϹķү¶ɱˣԲģϹڲģŵˣ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲɳһϣǰɽǣĺ̶һ£Ϊһ˶нơ
һʱϯϹ뷶ҵķ籩γɣʣңؼңȻҲ⣬ȼս
ɴĳһ̶˵ⳡ籩ĳϣȻ֪һҲҲģ
һʱ֮١潫Щʮ屶ı꣬ȫ׼ˣָ˸õ꣬˵Ӵ֮Һĺ̶ӣκθϵ
̳ҲܸôԪʯ޺˵ףȴֻõĻش𣬵ֵòֵãץסĻ˵ֹӣ㹻Ĵۣæܽ𣿡
̳ǶԸ˭ĿǰϹ֮⣬ңȻǰ˺֣Ϲ˾޴ʧȴԭǴĳһ̶ΪϹҺãҪȥԸϹ壬Ӧأ
ʱ˫Ө͸ӣֻΡ
ǺϸɴشУ
̳һͣҪ˵˵ĪҪôߣ
ζһĺ̶ӣһڵķȥ
һߣϢ˳Ϲúϣ̳ۿԶȥıӰֻһ̾ϢСĪԱߣᶨ˵һ죬һҲҸ
̳ҡͷСĪЩǵﲻģҪǻһˣֻˣԼҪúǿڻС޵ĻᣬŬɣ⣬Ҳ׼
үүʲô׼
ĺ̶Ǵȥˣ
ΪʲôСĪҪҿ𣿡
Ȼĺ̶ֻ¾Ҫľء̳üͷչҪǷҪȥҪģһҪԷҵ濼ǰ棬ҪõҵΣһҪâ¶ǽ㿴ᣬҪ÷Ҷǳӡ
ȥҲҾΪĺ̶ӵչһ跶ҵչĺ̶ӡ
һ籩˵ɡ
̳۵УӰѾʧҰ֮⣡
Ȼɽǣһ춼ûд꣬õĻƣɴɽǵĽͷβͨˣҲ֪ôһÿһ߸ڲ²Ƶ֣ͷҲ벻½ʱһרȭͷĸ̸֣۵ľƵͣе˵϶ǳ˶ݵ֮ҩôе಻ʮ꣬ͦţż񡭡
ɹ۵㲻ͬԣã˵֮ʱǴ֣ȭͷ֤
֮Уܿ˵ˣʮ죬ǹǱʰӣʱǲڰϣǾͿһοˣҵãͺСԱ߲ǻһŮͿҲഺ껪ѲҲ˵ҩ
ɽ֮Уһߣڵأųȥķ򣬰ݣˣɴƹǳôƹģĿԾԳٷ֮ʮ
һУ϶֪
ˣǰŴ塢ŵ꣬׼¶ӪһζҪڳ֮


218 Ǳʰ
ɽǵߣϵ֣ͣǣʮ֮Ǳʰ
ΪǱʰ
˼壬ߣӡ
ǱʣָǻûгΪʵˣȴϣʡ
ϰģȻҲƵġ
Ǿǣʮ£
ҲΪʲô˵ԲʮպǱʰȷһƵ䡣
ǱʰϣȻҲкܶ˹˵˴ĺ֮꣬ȻûгΪʣеԭǣǱʰȴһ̶ǵʵǿ֮·Ը
ȻǱʰƾճֵģҪųǱʰѵȵȣģҪģҪһʵԣ򣬴ҶǱʰʲôã
ôģڱƬϣһ֮⣬ĸ˴ֱʣһΪ֮ף˭ָһǱʰأ
һǱʰûͼǾͲö֪ˡ
Ҳڳͻɽǣһ¼֮֮Լٶȴ˿ڰʱ֣һֻ鱨ħޣֱһڡ
ڴ򶷣Ǳʰ񣬳һ֪
˿̣ζ
ǻʣƷԽߣķȼԽߣǰؽǹɰɫɲ򵥣ʹ̫үүˣҲ˵֪ʲô𣬵ǾԱȷ֮ƷʻҪߣ裬һʡʡ棬ؼģп󷨣Ʒʳϡй֮⣬ҲǺҪһڡϴα˵ģǵʱҸˣҲô¶˵ؽǲ󷨣ҲǾԸƷ׷һ뽣ˡ
ζ˵ģϺЩףϾڷͷʦ£ôõֻǣ󷨣ϵû˵
ζʲô
ϴҰڵľˮƽߵģܹĻϲ٣ϴαʱĽǼˮֵķǿ˱ˮ󡢱ܻģڶƷҲԪһĽԪ
ϵͷЩˣζȴ΢΢һ̾Ϣڵ󷨣Ǻˣרɣӵе󷨣ҲֻǺٵһ֣󲿷ֵ󷨣ʧˣǸ߼󷨣ģٺ٣Щ켶ĹŽ󷨣Ǿ
죿϶ֺУΪĴھһĴڣô취
Ҽǵ̫үү˵һ󷨣УʱúйЩ죬൱һ죡
ĿȻȷ󷨣˭ӵ󷨣ƿǲһĴ󣡡
󷨣ͲƬ½ˡζ̾ϢӣǼ˵ĹǡҪĵȻǡġƷʦֳܷȥ
ζ˵һͨصʵζû˵һͨһģ罫ϰٽʯϣպɰﲻ
ζü˰Σ˵û˵̫үүӦ֪Ȼȥʱ̫үү֪ˣǧǧ򣬳ȻЩ죬ȴҲɣ¯¯һ㣡
Ͼ÷ͷʦϣƺЩͬɽЯֻһӴѪͱ湥ӦҲ档
ζ˵ţߵ˵һַֳܷͿԿƶٲϣһƶɣǾͲһһһϵķš
ʣڰ׼Ҵ峤ɵһ㣬µĻ֪ʶȴԶЩףδš
ǰԪһţԲ̽ԶԶĵط̫үү˵Ҫγһ˵Ǹ߽һ࡭
⣬оһˣһµء
ϸϸ˵˺þ֮ζ˵ӣ˵ģ㶼𣿡
Ӧܡ
ӦãһҪ⣬һҪҵɴ֣ģһ֮ڣãζԵ˵ʵӣԪ¯ĥ𣿡
Ȼһ·¶̫࣬ȥĥԪ¯
ӣóĥĥɣһܳȥԣȻ㿾ǳԡζ˵ţ㻽ܣܡ


219 ܵս
ܣܣܣ
ζ֮ȻûܵӰ
ĺһתζҪٲͲ׼Կˣ
仰ʵ
£ʹһܺ
һл顣ζЦѾͳ˻Ԫ¯ĵĥţζһ䣬ӣԪ¯ɾһƷ׵ķƷķ
ǲǴ˵𣿡ϻص
ǲǴ˵ţƷķ
ζڱҰڿһƷʦǣҪƷ֪Ҫȶˣ
û¶ȻǱ˲һɱ𷢻̫үүҲô˵ģʵͦõģζûûεЦҲЦգζͣسǰҡ֣ŽšܡһƬɣһ⡣
к䣬ϾãĻ棬ԽԽЩ
ǣһԡ
̾ϢУζ͵ػعͷЦӣղֱֱĿҸǲǾɫ֮£һζ
ζô󵨵һ˵ϻĺЩ˼΢΢죬ȴҲͷǵġ
Ǻǣ⻰Ұζһѩ쾱˵Ԫ¯ܹʣȥֻ¾ںڻûܣҲˣԼɡ
ζ콫˵꣬ΪѾٶǰֻһЩסĽ׵ħޣħڵϺ󣬶ζֿ죬Цˣƣ޺ˡ
ӡζϵúܳȿɣȻ١
áϵȻܾζҪ󣬶վ׼ЩħʱȴܺһУս⣡
һݣܣŷֳ֣߳˲٣Ҳǻ죬սȼһ㡣
ܣԭҲͻˣ
𣡡
ۣܣǷֿû죬ͻƳ߽ħˣζҲϲ֣ܵذͷֳųϺһ
Ҵһܣ
𡭡
ϿĵЦͻƳ߽ħޣͿԴң
𣡡
һصĺ֮Уܻ죬ӽڽڰθߣգۼ䣬͵ǰκǰӴ󣬿ܻڱ
ܵӰֹͣ仯֮ʱѾʮ׸ߣվܵǰֱȺϣûʲô𣻵Цݸʢˣ˵ζվһԱ߹ս뱿ܴսһ
ζ˵һߣЦܣһˣʹӴ㲻Ű𣿡
һһ־ĶҡͷвѣָһЩλϼָλһáԪλá
ʱҲ׹ʲô˼ЦģһأҲһУǾƴֵģģ
ܻغһƾֱƺΪһسӣһƣʹ
СΪֻͻˣϴҲͻˣ˵ţܣѹתȻûнԪںϣֻǴȭֻơ
һֻСÿȭͷò񻰵ƣײһȭͷûбɣҲͣ˿С
ܣͻƺһǧҪûеĻǹԹɣϻЦŵ٩źϱɫâǡ
ɫâһڰԨ棬Ũ˲٣ԽӵĴۣӾʵһ㣬Լ䴫һɴصϢ
ܵڵԪʱ͸оѹȭͷϵӣв֮ƣⱿܣͻƵ߽ף仯ô󣬼ֱǰֻܶҪӣбȥơ
ֻƣûɽģʱϵһαѹ
ҧ֧ţܵȫʹˣǸеתߵĿǰļ£ǱˣѾһǧ
ǣϵӣݣ
𡭡
ܵĺУǸˣǵ⡭
ӣþУζһ˵
æߴ˵һͨȻף˼ǰϴӦþУھͲãҪ˵㻰
ϴ󡭡ҡᡭáġ֮µĳϣò״Ｗôһ仰ܷѹµǴˣƺһ㡣
ϵȶݽ˴ء
УУ취ϵ˼תţŰ취ٲ취ñܸѹȥˣǣãԽҲá
뵽Ժһ⣬ԽȻԪԺںϣнԪԣôԪӦҲԲŶԣ


220 
ԽǰսУѾõ֤Сӡ
ˡԽ似ս֮ʱȭͷԪǸ򲻹ģںϺԵı졣
ϵ²λȫѹݽˣ
²˳٣вУòһҪȻˡ
ԪվһߣԪȫ漤תתŵп
˽Ԫڵľ飬ϻɡ
˵ԪһҪ࣬ӦúںϲŶԡ
ǣԪȽԪѸ㶨һƤСӣÿڽӴʱͲƵһȥ
ϲаĿǰ뵽ģΨһƣȻ˵ƴ˾ڡ
ڰͷ۾ںҹž⣬Ѱ˼ţСӵ治һĴ󣬾ԳˡçɽھŲķ룬ֻǣ߽˵ǲһ㣬ߵԪкܴĹϵԪ̣ȻҲˣܣֻҪŲŴأֵʱܾܺãСҲԺˣ˫ԣҲϼѣΪ߽ܶսˣңܺǵĹϵܺáСӾʲôͷ
ͷʱֻǰһ󺰣ڣ
ڣʲôͷȴǸؿڶѹˣںҹ۵ɫâϵĹâһƴ֮
˿̣ܻڵؿţͻһͣоѹƣͣ
ͣңƻߣһӿͬʱųϵХܲٿأḷ̌һŭܽһֻҲ߸£
ŭ𵴣Хɽ֣
ֻƺѹ£Ҳֻôһ˲ȻҲѹƲסܱ۲̧ͣߡ
𿪣
Ϻȳ֮׷£ӱӴﵯֱˣ˳
һվ˴ϣֻۣܵô󣬲ŸղŻѹģôͻһӾͱô
ܣ𣿡Ц
𣡡ܾƣȭȥȵʹ
һȭ֮ܵϣӴٴ󣬻δվȽŸȭͷһȭһȭȭȺɽѹ¡
ܺ޻֮ÿһΣƻδȥͱϴõܸоԼ۵ԪҲɢˣԪ̻ķףͺôһꡣ
ϵȭͷ˲٣ܵƣҲʮ֮һȲˣɰȴܣϴ𣬱㲻Ծҷնڶʽ似ڻȭһȭʮһȭһȭ籩ȭֻˣһˡ
ܣ
ûƴءϴӴؼȡԪ뷴ϧǼȡԪ͸ϲϱĵԪһȭ֮ӴʼС״ָ̬
ܣסһҪס
Цźȭͷûͣ£һںԪȻͬ죡
ǰǵƤԪǲںһ𣻶ϣҲһִŵˣ϶˾Ͳ֣ԪϣϾһһǿѹڡ
Ԫ˾ƽʱϿ϶Ԫ浽ףǻǧһüޣۿܾͽӶѹʱԪ
Ԫһƹȥʱ򣬳ԺͻȻһľԪ·ˣֻںһ·ԪƵùȥ
һ룬ϱ뷨ʵľǲԪҲȷòȥǣͬʱһ˺ѷʹҲﴫҪʹԳ˵Ҳƽ˵ϵԪ϶ֱӾͽʹ˹ȥ
ұ֮󣬷ĳϣҲԪ˳ײǻΪߣͻ֮һˣ׶ĵĴʹٱǧ
ҧˣѪˮ̽˶ԾȻƣڡ
Ǹоϵǹƣп˷ȫľԪԪڳһڡĺУںˡ
ɲǼ䣬ھͷ츲أǹһ籩ΧܱߵľԪͱɨ䣬ϵسŰȫѪ֯
ֽǿ壬Ҳס
ǺϿţܷй˳һйѹȻ˲٣ҲܱһĻĻ
𡭡
ܺ


221 壬Ǹ
ܣҲ湻ģʲôˣǿҿõˣ㻹սº˰ɣͷ챻ɢˡζ˵ǿۣԶվŵӰη壬Ҳг
ܼܵ򵥣˭ͳ˭
һأȻҲڳϵȭ£ΪԼ䣬ΪֱȥԪֶΣԣóϷ
һΣѾΪ߽ħޣȴǻر˫ȭͷſ£ķˣΪЩɿڵġһ˵Ŀ⣬ҲΪ־ֶΣģˣ
ϻվһҲδһԼ΢һ㣬ʹһ㣬ӵԻָһ㣬ζģ̣ȡž顣
ںжٽϲôҲҪȻҲὫܴǰģȴһθоҪǱζȫԼԪͨͲ徭ѡ
Ǵ󣬿һͨй񱻳һоʹʱٸһƣֻĺѾȡԪʯȡԪ
ԪڣԪڣϵԪľˮȻҲڣϵԪڣֻʲôЧأϿһĵ·Ľ£ȫֽȻͬĴڶڣԪȻҲڣԣںȻѶȲҲûΣգˮ𡢻𡢽ľԣںѶȾ񣬶ҼΣԣΣգɵһԪָܰЩæȫڵΣգҪ⸱忹סǹܲסɣĽпܱǱħʦҲá
һ˼ǣٴȷ˷򣬡壬ǸһҪøǿͬʱϵԪϵԪҲһյõͻƣǧ˴ʱߡޱȵȻһԼͲˡ
ͷ۾Ѿ춼ûգһΣһֱû뿪ǸӰֱ߶ţСʲô߽ƴ߽ܴõģжûУҲ֮Զˡˡɽֻﵽֵز
УͷȻһػ꣬Ҳô
֮󣬳ϲ԰׵ɫѪɫȻȥߵǰЦܣֻҪʱ䣬Ժÿ춼һܣ
𡭡ܱܵؿܣףԼС˼ʮ˴ܣǳԱûŰ
ܣҪҲӦͱԿˡζһ԰ǻ˵
ЦŸͣǣƤ񣬱ҴȭҲû¶˵ˣҴܣҲջ񰡣㻹ܸͻƣ
ǱԹغţҡͷ˵ҸƤ񡱣˵ͻơ۾һ£װΪѵӣͷ
ȴܵ۾˵һ䣬ܣңҲԿģ
𣡡ǴϾɽ˵ġѡ
ӣ㿾ɡ
֣ȡؽˢˢˢ롱Ľ£ܴĵͽħޣͱؽʿ
ϸζ˵ȴǺټȻǲ֪һһĳ˵Уᱩ¶
ͷǽǷĹ⣬Ҳ˿
Сӻеƣ
ͷľȣûɢֿһŻ
ɲʱͷֱһѣεĸоԣʣȻԣʣţʱգɳ־磻Ҫǣᣬĵ𣻲һ֮ڣͻƵʾ磬ߵͷˣʱһ߽ҲҪһ߰׹ǡ
Уͷͻ˿켴Ӱһ쳣ȥֻӰǱڰӰͷһݣҶûв϶ĳϢȻСҲòǡ
ͷ֮ʱ۾ҲȻһȴûְ쳣״̬
ʱӰתͷű˴ˣ۾ȫ𾪼ӿ־壬Ȼ˵˵ͷӰȥ
˵Զˣ׼񱼣ϢȥʱһǵĶǣҪ߰


222 ɽ
ǣҪߣ
˷ŵӰһ飬һ˺ŸԼ׳˭
˭֪ģҵǶǵֺܸȤ
ǣ˵㡭
ЦĴӰĶ㵹˵ܲң
ǡ˿Ҫ˵֣ٿڣ˵ȴǣѭ
ѭ£ֻӰ·ƾʧһ㡣
СǰŪҪˣϷû½ϻˣ
£ͷӰͻԳֻȭɫâһһȭڵϡ
ɲʱ𶯣
ֻǰһ״ӵص£ֱѪ
ͷӰһѪһأص´ƺͷȻϲڵ£ǾúôŰɣ
һɳͷʧһƬطָֻԭʲôûзƵġ
ͷҲȥ̽ӰȻҲӵĺӰϹ϶Ѳ˹ϵҾǰеĺݵߣϢȥ
ɱˣͷ۾գһ£ֻõϹɱ˸ʲôͷֻҪ֤һУһȥƳЩϢı¶ʱ䡣
ͷҪϢȥ֮󣬻ʲôӰ죬ʲôķ籩
һлָƽ֮ͷɢȷΧûмӵˣֻصǰĵطһֱתת֪ڿʲô
ǻ̸ţζղоص𣿡
ζ˼˵ŵ˿ζ
ݸܣܣûио
ҡҡͷ۾ֱǿ⡣
ѵҵĸо⣿ܶûиоţͻ¡
һ֮һޣԱ㣬ϷֳһЩϵľϵ޺ˣζóһԪʯ޺ˣŵװкڵĽָѪιһؽҲ˲Ѫ
ЩϣԺȴζ˵ġ
ҹˡ
ͷ˶ͻȻ䴫ֱԺֱò
ôͻһ仰ͷ켴Ͳκκۼͷȴͷ󺹣϶ֻһˣ˿϶ռǸӰԭ˼Ҹûߣڲ쿴Լʵ׾ְְ
ͻԼȻȡԼԼһ£ã콫ɱˡ
ͷȻ֮ʱһ飬ƮƮڳǰûзһ죬ҲûоѾ붨ĳϡ
ô賿ۡ
һۣ㿴˵ϵĹ飬˹֣ɽ
ǲɽû¶ϲɫǷ絶˼˭ģǸͷ𣿡
ΨһᵽɽľǸŹͷţζһ˵ӣҸоԼ߽״ʦԶˣףõʲô
ɽ
ɽ˭ģ
Ҳ֪۱㿴ˡ
ζҲɻ󣬡쿴ĻǼٵģ
ϵͷ˹飬ɽһ㣬ƺçɽĺһһͼעźߣʾĺ壬Ǿ
ȥа˰ٶԱ߸ע
ȥڶҳҳ
ˣֻǺߵԽԽ࣬鲼ȫ䡣
⣬ϵһо⡶ɽģ
ȻҲпܣЩ棬һҲ
ǣҲ£Ͳʲô߻ħĿܣǰôྭֻҪѾΪһˣƫҲνϿԽ䵱Ԫһͨ
Ӧġ϶ζ˵һ䣬ζʱѵǴ˵е𣿴ӣãǸϲе֣ôûеأ
ЦЦҲˣֻǰνΣգһأȴ˳
ӣǲǸ
ѶȲС˵ȻȥԪй·ߣһҪ㣬˰ٶ˵ǧǼֱһƴĹ̡
ԪҪɲɽҪһԪҲ
ǣϵ͸һļᶨ
ܣҪӮңǾ͸ˡ
˵ܸˡ
ӣôһһˣһ·ϣϼžĥԪ¯ȡոζɴڸסһ˺ۣÿ컹Ҫʱ䣬ܶսһȻÿһضܸܵգѣҲôһĺת
죬պǵʮա
Ǳʰ


223 Ǳʰھ
ǱʰУܹ㷺еǰһˡ
ǰһ֮УǽֵǰʮҶ̸ĳĳĳֱ˭˭˭սˣսɹǰ˭ĳǱʰսһĶӣ˭Ϊͻˣ˭ֳʮ꣬뿪Ǳʰ񡭡
ȻһеϢϲ̸ȫһѹȥˣ
֣ͽƣ
ֻһţ𾪵£
һ֮н׾ʤһˣ
£Ѿ䶯˵ģķµġ
ĿĻں棬ƣнҲǸ߼ֻǸոͻãڵĳ
ôһСӣֻһ˫ȭͷ֮н
𾪵ǣСӵ䣬ƶϣʮң
գǱʰھλ
ŹƵϣ֪ǱʰһųģʵӦǲɣҲסɣǲһڳ˲
ôжʮҵţǱʰһİ޳Ҳʮʱ򣬲ͻƳΪʮѾñº䶯һء
ǣھȻбȰ޳ŵŴڣ
ֻһսֱӽǱʰǰʮ
Ҳǰδе£ϰߣĸս֮
ҲΪֻһսõϢ֣ԣűصؽ˵ھλΪǰʮ棬˭ָҾ˵Լأ
ǿǰʮƣΪһǱʰķ̸۵ҲһͻȻðơ
ǱʰϵߣһڶϣƵ棬Ƶò˵߸һλòŮӵȵȡ
һ¼ɽǣɽǾͳⳡ䶯ģٵߴ˷ɽǸۿ׶ǲġ
ô߸ɽǣ󲿷ֵˣһĿģǾս
ǲôǻţսӮƣǾܴƵλãվǱʰھλá
ʱͿ£
Уһˣ̬ǼΪڿǱʰͶȥɽǣ˽Τ룬һǱʰھ
ΤĿģֻһλã
ߴ˷ӿɽǣֳĺ䶯һʱ䣬Ϲĺ̶ӵìܶȥǣ߼䲢ûͣϹѾص˼ȥԭԭĸϹٿ֮ϹǱʰڼһҪϹ嶪ƣϧһдۣɱңĺ̶ӣֶγ
ϹƵҲ£ɾͲðˣϹҪɱӺ
ȻϹʧôϹܵ岮ֵܵĹ岮ֵǣǿһ竣ԭôĴڣĻŲѣȻҪץסᣬȥȵٲ
ǣϹָϹһᣬĺ̶һ£ɱһ£
Ϲüͷһ£޵Ϲڱ¶ˣԼڲĹȵȾ٣ҪǴڼ£үү⣬Ժˣܵ͵ҪߵҪץסһлᣬ׳Լ
ϹҪ޵ȻϹĲ֣Ϲ޾岮ֵܵĹ
ϹϹ֮ܿʱĪؼ¶һ£ɡ
⣬ҵĳҲĺ̶ӣõȴѾ˵Ϣһ̾Ϣͣĺ̶ӣ˵ҵʮүҪһͯҾСĪ̳ԸⲻԸ⡣
̳۳˴Ӧ֮⣬˵ʲô
̳Ҳһ籩СĪңҲͬο̳ۣҪģϹҪѪ
Ǳʰ񹫲ƵϢ֮Ǹһֱڲ黯Ϊʲô⣬ȴһ֯Ҳע׼ƣ֯ﲻˣҹɽǸȥ
Щ϶֪ΪɽǸȥ֮ʱȴɽԽԽԶĥʮպ󣬳϶ԻԪ¯Ҳա
ȻϻûȫգҲֻеһ㣬ǣѾ㹻һɴ
ϱҪ¯еĵһ


224 µ뷨
ҹС
һĨ۵ɫ棬ȼڻԪ¯棬ȻǼ𣬱Щɽ֣Ҳů
߽ܿɫ棬¶壬ħޣͶԻηһܶԳϣɾͲȫȫķڷôˣԺ󣬳һһˡ
ͷлԣǼ𣬱ʲôʱôһ̥ҪϢҲȫȥ񰡡
ζһؽʱԼµܷųԣ̫ȡ
ר־ô˵ҲƵĵһǲһģټϣɴζġ
ֻеһ㣬˳ֻһһϵڳϵԪȱ٣ϵĻϵ޺Ҳ٣֧ŵ
ӣǻȥϴ;󣬻Ʒ׾ܴﵽ֮ٶռһЩϣʲô֮ģʱҲܽؽһ£ؽſ϶ˡζ˼˵ؽǸʯͷҲ֪Ҫ취׻Ӧòж⡣
ζⷬȫΪ룬ӿжٿζɴõĲϣͦͨ˵ζ˵һĵرб˿
˿رǿƷնϣԱҪǣ˿Ƶķǳÿףӣô֪ģҪñ˿ʲô˿ɲʺؽ
Ժñ˿ɴ
ӡζ۾Ⲩתá
΢΢һ̾Ϣ
˵ŻѽеĲ϶һ飬ҲƣΣűʡȵȡ
Ҫü֮ĻɴƷӦûϲٰɡţڵǿȣӦܳס֮Ĵɣٲһ¾͸ճ˻ҽΪްɡ
ֻǲ֪֮ȥĶѰҪǷͷʦߣ֮ҲͲóˣ֮ˮ֪λʦںδ
ţԺͻؾһ⣬βþ󣬾ۼ֮Ȼֻǻһ⣬ҲҪͼģʩų֮ˣ˵ǲңԼܣҪ֮ˡ
ҪǽԼϣԪһܴ֮Ǿͺˡôһ۾һ׽ţԼϣԼϡ
ҪҲԪڣԪվβ÷ɢ󣬻᲻Ҳܴﵽһ׵Ч
϶Լ󵨵µ뷨ˣУƲɹһ̣Ҳһ̣Ǽ֮Ǵڷա
ͷһ𣬳Ͼǲȥ룬ǶƲסǡǡǿȣﵽһ˼ĵز
ǿԵѹͷרɴζϵһ˺ۡ
һʱ֮ɴѾƺˣûʲô춯֣Ҳûнԡһ㣬ķ
йоصƷƷλǻԪ¯ĹͣǻԪ¯ɴҲƷˡ
ǵҪ˵ʲôرĵطǾɴܾ£ƲۼȴҲС磬ⶼǳȥƵġ
ζɴһ۱ϲˣæϣǺɫɴҹ޷ӣÿ𣿡
ÿ
𣿡

Ҳúܺÿӣлл㡭
ζ˵ɴڸסգɣĻ˵ȴͣסΪζɴڳϵӡ˾һƳǡ
ϵ۾ɵôζҲȾ֮ɫؽɴ£ס糺졣
ӡ
ϻûصùĶһһĲѣȻѾйȡǡҪ£˺ϻ֮£˼άһƬģԼ֪ʲôо
һǣȴǡ
Ժɴ㣬˭Ҳܽ𡣡ζģ⡣
á
ڴ˵֮žѹŻȻףԼ˵ʲô죬ͣ˵һЩ飬ɰ죬ͷδó֡
һҹ޻ϵ飬ȴþ޷ƽ
գζȴʲô¶ûһɴһȥ
ɽǵǣ֪Ѿ뿪׷ųϵ㼣ȥ׷ǰģΤ롭
Դˣһ֪


225 
£Ϻ̴䡣
ǶǵǳͨһڵĵڶǣǣȻϹĵ̣ԵϹҵˡ
߽ǵģֻгζˣζźɫɴֻصɽ֮УһƬطΧȺɽ㹻ڵġ
Ȼг˲֪˶ͷ
˿̣ζȥĴϡ
óϾȵǣڴϣ洦ʲôǱʰھţʲôѹ̸ۣóһһ㶵ġ
ζǱʰʲôʡ
ζ˷֮ɫȴǲ˵һҲ̫ûˣŵھš켴üԹǱʰ񣬻ǵھţô죿ȥӵֿ϶ᱩ¶ģУøӸıһòȻ鷳͡
ζǱʰһйأۺ
Ǳʰһųġζ㽫Ǳʰȥ˵˸
󣬳ϵ񣬸Ǳ䣬ʵû뵽ôһǱʰĬĬܣӣͱ¶һڵԺһʲô£ѶȾǴӡ
⣬ʵڲһϢ
һ·ȥԽԽľΪǱʰ񹫲ϣ֪ϸòͻƵϢȵȡ
ĺ̶ӣţ䣬أϱΪСĪģʵȻĺ̶һڵĲ֮ݶ˵㣬;һܼ򵥵ӣĺ̶ӵĴƹͶƹֻΪ
һڣʲôǾԵһץһѡ
һѶĺ̶£Щ١̳ۣ˭棿
ң̳ۻԴ˻һڴϹϵǿɾǴˣ֮£˵˵ĳŵת㽫˸ɾ
ȻһһǣҲֻһ뱱֮׵һȣ
ڳϵЩв֮͸׵ˡ
ͬʱϹе֣ĺ̶ӳȥڸϹһ⣬ƻļƻ¶ƣϹûȥᡣ
ΪǱʰôһ֮ƵˣһЩʲôֻҪ֣סƣѰһᣬһɱ
ȻϹôҲЩ˼ɣرһȥʲôʵϹýȻƵı̬ʵǲ˲٣ǺΪеĴڣϢĹȴ൱ʵòݡ
Ϲûв鵽κμ󣬿ȴ϶϶Ǳɣֻ֣һأϹԸȥҪ̫ҪԶһ㣬סС
Щϻǲ֪ڴϵЩأζϵı飬ͬܣ֪Ǻãģ˾ô߰ߵģͻȻϳ
ĥţ¶ͱ¶ˣҪԸһڣһ֮£ټһ鷳Ҳûʲôˣһע⵽Σѵܿҵ˼֪ħʦĴ˲ɣ
һ֮󣬳ϵüͷչʼ˼Ǳĺôζ˵ͻȻðˣս϶٣ֻҪսҲиĻĥԼ𣿶ңǱʰע⣬˾ͽǿ϶֪ڻúõģǾͲõˡ
ò˾ͽİʱҲڵţȥһڵ·ϣ֮ʱһʱᶨΪƾĴ磬ȵòŲɣ֪ͬʱ˾ͽпЦΪһ꣬ͻʦн״ʦƾϵԪ佫еһƴܰϴæȴ֪ѾǰôԶ
Ц֮˾ͽĿҲᶨ磬һģţӵСǬת˸߽׵ôƽȥ磬㲻ʧġ
˾ͽ֪ˣҲ֪ˣ𾪸֮࣬Ҳһģڴ󺣡
˶ƾǸƣԵˣȴǴǱʰϵƣǵΪǸƣʼơ
ɵȻҲ֪ˣ϶õϢʱ˵ʱ˵ĳǸòŮӣŮζһϢ϶ҲҵĹϵ⼸ҵûжķӦԪʯҲ˻һһ
ǣ϶ʼվòԾȴû֤ݣҲ˵ﲻԾ
ϢĶʱеĶˤ˸ϡãϽȥο˵ƿ϶ǸƵȵȣʱ䣬ܳκ⡣
ζֶΣҶҪõ㣡﷢׶ԡ
ζҵǵذڳߣͨˮڣĳϣſҪζ˵ǰȴǴһƬ


226 
ǰһƬŮΣֵζȴ޶á
һĳݡ
ɴϷ·ҲζĵǣЦ˵ζǱʰ񣬻ǵھţ˵£ҲӦǷƱ˰ɣӦǺ¶ôǡ
˵ţֲõϣϢ᲻ᴫ׼Ҵ壬Ҳõ֪һţûб
ζ˳ϵĻæӣ㲻֪Щ£ҪǱ¶ˣжôأǱʰ񣬱¶Ļʣʹˡ
ϻԼĵߵ£һ䣬ҾͻؼңͻصߣǴһǳ桭
ţζļ˵ζİɣ򲻵֮ʱҾᱩ¶ġ
ǣһ򲻵ѵʱ򣬾ͻܶܶࡣ
ζˣǰֵͦģпӦǳʲôƽ¶ʵŮεĴûᣬǧܴ˵ţϾҪȥץζ֡
һأȥץˡ
žʹζԹӣʲôʱˣʲôŮŮģ㱩¶ؼġ
ζܻźܼС
һ㶣һСšŮΡŮȴԥͲΣֻһİΣһ֣ᶨؽζץ˵ζ㿴𣿡
ζ̧ͷҡͷ˵ûС
ǲ͵ˡ
Ҫأ
ţ˵ζһůֵζ߰ɣȥһŮҪǳˣǿɾˣ붼ǰŮ
ӣֻŮ
ǿԽԽˣǻǿȥζǰȥ
ӡζһȣϻͷζ飬ȻǺټɡꡱЦϳû˵ζ߰ɡ
ȴӦһҾȥ
˵
ȴӦңҲ
ãҴӦ㣬
˵ġζ˵ţӾͶȥһľһָľյúںģȻվζźڹֱĨüëŨŨģĨңĨڳϣְ˳ϵͷ
ζһŪﻹһֹţǣôӢôŪôᡭ
ᣬųЦˣץסζ֣ЦˣζѾϲˣ㻹ǸϽȥŮɡ
ζ˰죬ŪŪ˵ںˣҵݵķٰݻò
ٴ׽ס֣ǰȥζﻹ߶ţҼǵ̫үү˵һʲôβϢأ
ûζһѾȺĲ״ֻһӣֵĺӣȭߣԱ߻и·ĹӣūȻҲүҵĽңҲȥʲôˣڣǵ𣿸ļūҴ򣬸Һݺݵش򣬴ӳȥι
ס֣
ζһȣվǰ档
һ㶣켴ЦŵϷӴ˼ҶӢ۾ŮŮӢ۰С椣ʲôְٽɴҿá
ĻȻֹΪѾ֣ǳ˽š
߹ȥֵĺӣֱӱ߷ɵȺ֮⡣
ǹվˣǵʲôˣȻҹƽү£ǲ𣿡
ǹӼ½ҲʹΪЦ˵Ҫūǰɣ㿴Χôˣ˭ǰȣҪȣƫҪū
óѣζȳ
ҵҪԡ˽ƽүĹӣô˵ȴûȥǸӣЦҶŮ˵˽⣬ģӦһŮֻҪɴҿһҾͷūʽףûгԿֻǿһȴܾȻһˣ̫׬ˡ
޳ܣ
Ҿ޳ܣҪǲԸɴҿɾԶˡ

һ治аͷǵҪɴɴ˼ǿͷˣһңǲǾͼ޸˰
ЦУһӰֱ塰ƽүȥ


227 ʲô
ɴǺͷ
ζҲôģǣܽɴˣζУֻһˣǾǴӡ
٣ô䣿
ٵĻ䵽ϵĶҲóȼܴζ£˵Ļʵ

ȥӰÿ죬á١ǰıڣûзӦ
ȡһҽдĸڲŻع
Ȼ󣬾ͿǵġƽүſڵϣýŲסš
˷ӦȵƽүȻˡ
ҲǸаˣ뿴ô˵ţġꡱʹ˳ȻǶǰ߹ǣˡ
ĺУĸڣɫ䣬ɣȡͿȥҪ֣ĸ״ʦΪ˸ʰȴζ˵
켴֣ζҲû뽣ֿȭϣζ߽״ʦֻһ֮ϰ似ҲǸ߽׹
ǿһ֮
ҲǺͳһˣζҲմȾ˳ϵ磬ֱһȭȥ
ζȭͷȻᱬžͣǣһֻȭڴһǰɲǣȭͷ϶ʱȼɫ棬ǿҪ
һȭͷûҵǸȼȼò·ͷƤⶼȼգأԪ𣻿ǣǡòõģľԣ鼱֮һ㣬ľһȴȼøˣֻڵϣȥͼ𣬵𣬲һͨ棬ôˡ
ǣζɢȥԪ
һû뵽һŮӣҲô֡
һ֮䣬ζȭĻһУ˵Ľϵ似ͿҪζϣζƽʱʵս鲻࣬һʱЩңｿȵ鵶ն
ʱζֻУһѻ𵶣ֻӰӭ˿նĵһײ֮£ɢѸӶϣͬʱζҲһͫ׷Ŵȴһҧ׼Ӳ
һ˲䣬ֱӽζһߣ˫ȭӭϣһץס˵ǽԪϣЩԪԳϸûʲôӰ죬ɦЧҲûдﵽ
ţһ˵͵˳С
˵ҲƷͽ׵һַϽߺһֱһ䣬ǵһŤ˸Ť
ȳϷŪŪ֮󣬵ѾһţԲ״
˭ԲĴڣϳǰһѵһѽ
ΧĿǣȫ֮УȻǵֻƷпǴ·ǣôҲǷ֪֣һţ۶ϣǴ顣
Ȼ۶飬ۺһ̫ˡ
ζıڣϵΪĿɢӲԼ˿ţʹ
ǸſڵϣֱʹġƽүҲڵ
㲻Ҫɱ𣿡ϵͷʵƽүͰ͵˵㡭㡭롭ʲôҵǡ
ƽүĻδ˵ָ꣬ͷͱϲ˽£˵ʵڲ˵øɣ˭
ۣ
ۣ
ƽүһʣǱѪ˵ô˰ɣϽҷˣ򡭡
˵ţȴϽ仰˵ʲô
ʲô仰ʱ˵Ļ̻˶ת˵ҵҽ㲻Źġ
˭
ҽ޸ŵ֪£϶㱨𣬻ɼūٱ
һ⣬ϲףΪʲôЩ˶ǰԭһɡ
ǣһţܽס
ţʲô
˵꣬Ϻ飬һ̤£ʱһӡƽֲҺĿǿ־壬ȳϽһߵĽӡһֻƣһ̲Ѫģ
ΧľһΪϵʵһȴΪƽŵƺ󣬻Ҳȥ
⾪ҺУֻһԱſڵϣѾһϢӣ͵һ´ֱǰ


228 ͬ
ͷɢСұȭ߶ʱӦûжŶԣ˿̵ĶĶã硣
رлһѴ۵ĵӡ
һâ֮͵ش̽˶ƽĺԴϣѪֱ֮罦ϣǰϵѪ
ʱ˵ƽͷһᣬͫ޷Ŵ۵ĲţȻ˸ɱʱ˿̣켶ҩƽеһȣǣڳ˭ӵأУỨôһ竵ϣ
ԣŽζɴƽԴԵڵأǰ˵ļūɱˣ
һĨ̫죬̫ͻȻ϶ûзӦΧȺǱ죬һƬ嶯Ƽҵүɱˣ
ƽļڣһϵ𣬴ڳ
ˣȥϣӦȥƼұˡ
۾һ˿âֻζŮΣѵѵ竣û뵽ȴôһ⣻ȻǲƼҲţҲɱˣֻǲϲƿصĸоʵһɣ
ȴЦ˻ƣڱˣڱ˳ˣף԰Ϣˣ԰Ϣˣɱˡ
һ񺰿й֮꿴ųϣ˻Ƶ˵ɱҵʮ˿ˣҲɱζɱΪɱҸʲô۶Ը⣡
һ£ֱ꣬ķߺޡ˵٣վֱӣԳ˵λӣҵĳѾˣλĶ飬±ӣţڣλ˻ǿ߰ɣƽ˵ʵţƴ֣ǣϹҲҪ桭
걨ʱΧǾȣ׷ԭ𩣬û뵽ӹһ٣ҴǣҲȫƵģȷ
ĸ֮ҴȻñֻ𩣬ҲӲƼҵ׷ɱˣǺ滹һţ
ЩۣȻˣʵˣأ
ĸ֮ѱҾƼҵɱһҾ׬һɱҾ׬һ˫ˣҲȥף׿ڸǣҽɱˡ
㲻
ĨĨǵѪЦֺξ壿
˻ش𣬳ϺͣϿͬһϢ𩱳żҳޣĸޡޣΪ˱ðΣմǣΪ̽̽һʵ֪Σ֮أҲȥɣĳˣĳ𣬻֪¡
Ȼʱǣܱߣ˭ֻ˵һӢۣһܣ
ͬľϲֱЦֺξ塱ˣʹ˱Ƽһȥɫһ䣬˵Ϊͱ˳𣿡
һ㶡
ʮ˿ˣȫһɱ֣Ͳ׷ˣ֮𣬾ɱһ˶֮
ôһʣ𩱾ĵ飬˵ǵģЩҲӦƼҵȫţҾҪƼţ
Щ˵ףȴ죻һЦϧʵãһ߼ʦôƼҶŶ
ԣҪȥʵʱ򣡡˵𩿴ųϣǲף֮ʾ˳ĶˣΪʲôҪʣҪ˵ҪԼţѵǾͲƼҵıŵı𣿡
ˣлĺ⣬ǿ߰ɣƼҵ˾Ϳˣʣµ£һ𩻹Ȱų뿪ܵǣ
ϼʵµˣ»ȥ㣬ȥ𣿡
룡
㣡
Ҫȥܵĳֹƻһ㣬ŲӺ
Цˣ˵Ǿ͸߰ɡ
ˡЩţҪ£ֻһۡ
ʵҲ
˵ţԶ˭ɱҶӣҪǧУ
һŭֱԱ߿ֵˣһ룬Ƽ̫ԵǶǻҪ鷳Ȼû뿪ֻվһԿţҴ˵Ŀ⣬󲿷ֶڳϵϡ
ȴǴ󾪣æ˵ˣǿ߰ɣƼˡ
޷ϵ˵


229 
ټһֵĽֵɲǼͱ塣
úÿ죬
һۣ㿴ǾԴϲеӵʬ壬۶ʱ۵ؿ޳ƽƽ˭ң˭ɱģҸ㱨ҰȫҶˡ
ɱģǰһŭյ˵۷ŭЦ˵ۣ֪˭𣿡
Ѫۣͷ棬ϵóֱǺӹ˭㾹ȻɱҶӣҾҪȫҶᣡ
ЦЦң˱ʹƵģһʮ˿ڣǰȫɱˡ
ˣ˭
˭𣬡ƼȫŵģƼѪծѪģʮ˿ԩ갲Ϣġ
ʮ˿ڣۺ˵ӡͻŭԭҵǸǸС֡
֣Ƽȫ֣
С֣ɱҵĶӣ㻹һһҪĥΪҵĶӱҶһҾҪһٵһ򵶡Ѫ죬ƽĶӣɥȷʵЩʹȫˣĶ˶ö˼ö
ҺƴˣҲ˫͸Ѫ⣬ԺѪɱ¾һѪء
ϣСֻ׽סˣ
˫ȭҪȥȴ󣬶ųƼ˵֣Ҳȶϵģ
ǼˣġζҲǰһվ˳ߣָŵǼĴ׳󺺡
һ⣬ⲻͣز˵úúãֻҪǹƽˣһܷŹŮˣҶӿ϶ˣƽģ֪ʲôһԸɵģһŮĵᣬ㲻¶ģϣǻ׽
⻰޵ķŭˣǰΪŭʱȴǰ֮ŭ˵Ļ̫ݣ̫Ҫûᡣ
ζ߳ƾ˵仰㹻ȫɱĨȥƼڱĺۼ
ҰŮˣǡƽϲģƽһΪģǻʲôϡ
˵Ҳ˵ȥΪĲӣѾýɱŨݵֻСٲȥӰƶٶᵽޣֱץȥмūպõ˳ϵ·ϣûûţֱײ˹ȥ
ײˣϵĹͷѪײɵȥ
ʮˣȴһн佫ѣܹǺаԵȫΪŮƷƷƼ޸ŵٺ裬ٺ裬ţ۲޼ɵ
ֻǣû뵽ߵһϣ
н佫ۣڳϵȴǻźȥţŸС㣬ɱƽҪɱӣҪƼȫ𡭡
Ƽҵˣһ룬ȫȥţЩ˻е֪ǲ𣬻ȥűȽϰȫ㡣
Ҳȥ˵ҲססƼЩˣҲסЩ뱨Իñˣ
ʲôأʵ
£Ů׼ɣۺ仰ʼԣһʹ۱Զܣ
ֻ˵Ů֮ǰұ㽫ɱ
㡭ң
˭һƴϣ۵߸𣬽˦£ֱ˦۷ֲ嶫һҲͷûʲô
ͣ˵ƾǰ˵ĻΪһٴζˣܹΪһ𩣬ȡƼš
״𩣬ϯųϵӰ۾ʪʪģͻӿһɿ־ĸо˵Ȼܻţôɣ
£ֱֱһȭ۵ؿϣѪֱӿȴסĲӣѪӿӴֱݾȥ۵ͷһƬɷס
ģˣƾƼҵĲ㵤ҩݣܻʮֻ꣬ǴӴ˺ٲ˵ٲ·ֻţԷŭȴʾ
ϴһȭɲ򵥡


230 ˭ȭͷ
һȭ̺ޱȵĽԪ
ӿ۵紵ҶأŰ۵ĴССеľľܺͳȣ㱻൱ΪĽԪһһʶϡ
Ҳ˵۵ľϣˡ
ʲôüʲôףŭҲУҲУȴƫƫ˵ֻܶܽһбȷǱҪʹϰٱһҪʱʱ䱸һˣҪƼš
Ͻ˵ϣѾһͷ㣬̱ڵأֻܵŷŭ۾ȴʲôҲ˵ӣͣز
ߵζߣ˵ζУ
ôҶֵ֧ġζЦ˵³ֱɱá
ϵͷֶ˵ʣµģͿˡ
ҲʧģһúõػȥһֿǵԴжᣬѾˮʡ
ڳϴЩµʱǱ˵ԶԶȺУǰȴվʮˣЩ˶Ǹû뿪ӣųϣֿɴζ
˵˵ǸˣòǲеϤ
ͦϤģҸղõĻǽϵԪ
߻һŮӡ
ô˵ˡ
ϣӦþ
Щ˵۾ų⣬Ħȭơ
켴𣬡Ҫսƣûǵһ£Ǹˣ˭
˭
û˻شǰʹ˿޺ܵܡ
㷲һƬ֮ɫƷƷˣˣǻ߰ɣһסǡ
Ц˵ƾţסǵ·˵ˣȻҪŻ߳ȥġ
֪ΪʲôŵĻĻţҲȥ
һӰϮŨζǰ棬мɫߣһƽȴƽӣ󣬻һȺͳһɫװӡ
ŮģȻƷƷƣеģķٺ衣
һβ̵ľ룬ǸŵʼôƷƷƽҪ̽ףټ֮ǰܱܵɱ֮ʱϢʹ˿ȥĶٶ·˱ŵˡ
ԣ˿̣ٺԸŵĵӣˣǸȥӣΧ
ܵܣѣ˵ôˣ˵ƷƷƿ޺ţȴ۵۾ضųϡ
ƷƷƼ͵վָųϣƿڴ㣬ɱҵܵܣҵģҪɱ㡭
ɱҡ䵭˵һ˵ƷƷƣұ֮ʱ©֮㣡ܵܣɱģҪΪʮ˸ԩ긴𡣡
ƷƷһһ㶣ֱؿ𩣬ͻִҲܣҲʲôңʲôʮ˿ˣֻ֪ɱҵܵܣҵҪҪΪǱ𡭡
ЦЦϴЦֻɱ˼ң˼ɱ㣬
˭ȭͷ˭ǵٺһԣȵתƷƷ˵ƷƣҪ̫ģңһǻ׽йߣΪ𣡡
ٺ裬һҪ׽ǣҪǳĥҪǾϣҪǡ
ƷƷƵĻϵĹЦˡ
ٺͷʣ֮ˣЦʲôЦ𣿡
ЦЦ̫Цˡ
ЦУѾȥֱٺ裬ȭָǰһѹѹֱٺľսɫ䣬Ժֻһͷô
ٺ跴Ӧݣˣս佫Ϊãٶȣϵٶȱȴ֮µӵˡ
һ˲䣬Ͼ͵ٺǰ棬ȭֱϡ
ٺϽȫԪƣҪȥϵȭͷ
ȭͷײƣȴһ㶼ûֹסȭͷǰ
ٺֻԪʱɢңꡱ죬ֱ۶ϣʹȫţǽɫȭͷӡϣӱֱȥ
ȴһѸץ˻һȭ¡
ҪҾϣ𣿡
ҪҪҵ𣿡
˭ȭͷӲ˭ǵ𣿡
ʣȭ£ٺѾѪֱƷƷһԣͻضŵĵӴȵǻŸʲôȥȥˣǸŮ˺ҵץס㡭
ţƷƷҲȡһѽɱζ
˭һëҾҪ˭
˳ɱ֮Уһ֮ţ


231 ϧ
˭һëҾҪ
Ȼζ
ƷƷҲСмıһ߽˹ϣһ·ƶûϷϾСһķҪķζϣץסҪЮϡ
ȻһŭɢŵһͣϽǵٺ˹ҪǰŵӣϽǰסǵڵϡ
סٺĵһˣٺײһ˲䣬һѪţٺһȥ
ǵڶˣˣĸˡ
󣬹ϵһ·ʮŵӣ񱻴ܳһ㣬ȫһˣܶ˵Ѫ
һ˱ɣ㲻ʲô£һ˱ɣҲǶô춯ص¶һ˽һ˴ɣײüѪ¶ôҲһС¡
رǣһˣٺ軹ûһҲûˡ
ٺ裬ųˡ˭ȭͷ˭ǵĿԣȴϿȭû˿Ļ֮һЦ
Ǹһֱúܽˣһ֣˫ž޲۾ɢһȦһȦĲơ
ԶվȺ֮ǰʮˣҲ˶ʮˣǸոոϵģֻǵϣҲЩݣ˵ȻǱʰھŵǿߣƾһ֣ҹƲ
ҿҲûʲô˲Ķ֣һЩʦߣûʲô˲ãҪǻңҲ
ǣҾΪģһҪս
Щ˸ûзѶĹ򣬾ͽ˳ʵζĻױˮƽ̫ǱʰҲᵽʹУʹһ˫ȭͷ
˵˵ȴûвκϵŵ֮УȻ뵽Ͻŵ¶֮ͼı㣡
˵ƴֳڳϺȳǾ仰ŵһ֮ʱƷƷȵ춯֣
ͬʱӵһѵվǰ棬һѪȻ˵ֻҪûͲǰһ
ζ˵һֻС϶ѣҲŲһ仰ţ
ζ˵ȻʵκŭʧȥǵƷƷôܻţһ߳ζﻹð˵ҽҪ㵽ôš
ʱ˿̣ŵѾΧס𩣬ֻǸ߽ʦѣȻ˶֣űľģеǱϧʵʵ̫
ζҲƷƷԼĸŵӵΧζ鵶նٴο
ʱٺһȺӷɵĳϣԾն켴ζߣӰͣΧζתһȦ߳Ľš
ûʲôŷҲʲô似ֻǧ
ĽȫĸŵӵСϣ˶ʱѪʣǵΪܵǧ
顱֮ʱѾ˵Χ֮нȳ˵ĹȫڳϣȴǴԪţ
󣬳ϹӰһƷƷƵǰ棬һץסеıһɱ֮Ϯϵ档
ƷƷƳ˵ץǲǸоľѪƱסˣǲǶˣūɣ
ƷƷƶıģʵƷһ⹦ܣˮԪ֮ʩչ֮͸롣
Ȼֻǳ״ʦȴŴþˣϴ
ƷƷ֪˺ɼץɲǣҲеˮԪʹʮֵΪܹסϡ
ȻƷƷҪνϵͷ֮ʱ
ŷֲԾܲԾ
Ͻǯס
ƷƷƶʱɫ䣬޵ףһ˲ƣ˼ʮһﻹھţܣǱ
ϣǹɺ͸ʱûתԪϱ֮תˮԪ˱֮ĺȡ
ʱ֮Ǳ֮ȫϴź˵ǿϧ֮Ҫٴһ㣬Ҿٽһĥˡ
ƷƷƲŵ仰
ȴһ㵽˳У˵˵˭һëҾҪ˭㻹ɱΪźΪܳܵסҵŭ𣿡
˵ţ棬аǧһţԥأϧС
ʱٺɫ԰ףƴȫס֡


232 ŵ
ס֡ٺ˺
ϣôס֣˵ٺ躰ӺҲס֣
һţЮƣֻ̺˰ǧ
ǧƷƷСϣƷƷƾֱӳѪɳպٺߡ
ٺ迴ʧɫƷƷƣתͷҧ˵ڵġ
㲻˵˭ȭͷ˭ǵ𣿡վٺǰ˵ģģպԻȡ
ǰȭͷǴ󣬿ҵǰΪȭͷͺܴ𣿶ΪֻһɣٺԽ˵Խ죬Ҳڽ͡
ŶǺãҸᣬȥĵȥһ˳ٽűһλͳͳ˭ǵ
ⷬ˵úܿΪһɻ𣬳ɻƣԶΪ˵ţ˵ȵȣں
ҪţŵףҪͿһ췭ظ
˲̽ϵһע˾СǾҲȥβԿ裿
Ҿǣҵ϶ǰŵĵӴţЩŵؿųϣ˵ʲôʹٺ裬ƷƷƣƼҵˣҲֻ̧ۣȥ
ƷƷƻ𣬡һҪȫҶΪΪۣ⻰һɳ嶯ֱӽɱ
վûг֣ת˵ɱɱ
һģһΪﱨģΪʮԩֹҲʧģҲ
УٺĻٺѪֻ֣ţ
ûлӦתͷǸʼնû뿪꣬۾ϬֱϣʵĻױܲ
ġ˵Ȼ˵ױļǸױˡ
һ㶣Ȼû仰ֿʵƣ
Ҫս𣿡ϵ񣬱֮꣬ϬϬл˼ְԵ
껹û˵Ա߾ʹһȣøСӣΪϼǱʰھǿ۸һЩʦΪߣ𣿡
仰þƬƬϧѾȥٺ衢ƷƷƵˣȴ
ΪʮĲӣȫͷ죬Ц˵ƣҪս㣬ȡͷҵֽС
ϧ˻δ˵óһֻɫȭͷ׹ذƣ񶼻仯٣˵ʲôӦɫȭͷؿϡ
ûĲҽûʲô¡ıըؿڣҲûаȥǣؿǰһһⶴһѪһѪɵȪˮؿڴ罦ֱʮԶ
ɢһ̣Żعѵ׹׷ʲôʶУҪӴָȡǰǱʰھƣһش̡
Ȼʶʵʮǧﶼֱֹ۳ȥͫҲھ۹⣬Ķһ˵֣ûȤ֪Ҳ֪ȡͷȵԼ׼У̫ˣûʸĥ
һ棬ͻȻһ㣬˭ûϵǿô¶ʱʹǱʰʮأȻȻһȭһȭ
˶ĿɿڴأǶΪһȭǱʰʮأɣ͵Ϯ˵ϻʲôȵȵɣ
Ǹԭ˵Ż꣬üͷȴţɢȻףһȭ˵ʲô䲻⣬ȫ䱸׼ʮֵһȭš
ص۾ҲҲһ˿ڵ㣬˵ϣƬƬ
˶һȴҲ̫һδţֶûбó𣬴Ӵ֮ǱʰϣҲصһϯ֮ء
һУ϶ûᣬ۾ǰʮˣֱָ̧ۣмһˣ˵ҲսҵģҲȡͷģ
ָŵˣʱЩϽ˵ֻдд裬ûȡͷ
ǰ֮ǰ棬˭˵ʲôȡ˼ͷĻ
ϣָһˣʣҲսģ


233 һϰ
Ҳսģ
ҡ
Ļ˵꣬ϵָѾָˣҲǣ
㣿
㣿

һָ߰˸ˣɢָճȭǶսҵİɣ
ϵΪԽԽ죬˶²ϵҪʲô
ȴЦˡ
ЦУϺȵúúãһһս̫鷳Ǿ͸ɴһѣǣȫһϰɣһˣսȫ

˶ݾȡ
е˵һ죬õǣ
Ȼиˣֵȿͽʵڰѵһüֱ޷죬ֱˣΪԼ޵𣿡
˵仰ˣѾʮ꣬ʮҲԶӣһķŭһ仰ͽ˵Ķ档
ҷ޵Уɱӣ
ȺУȣǣ̫ˣȻһ֮սΪǶŵĵӣֻǴʦΪѣ棬ģҲн佫
һϣѵСӣףʲôɽɽ죻˭ȭͷ˭ǵ
Ѿ󵽽ʮ˵սߣţȴ˸߳һ
ȭģǹͷ
˭߳ȥģпܣصĽ֡
Ȼģн佫սн佫ǱǱʰʮλ˵һЩˣҲǸ֮
üôϻҪʹ򣡲򣬾͹
һϣ˺ȳƶûһۣͷ꣬˵Ҳһϰɣ鷳
ƣ֪˭
֪˭˼𣿡Ϸʡ
ţȴԿԼһһ˵ҡСΤ룡
ŶΤ룬ˣǵˣһϰɣ
Τûϣ˵ţ֮ǰǱʰھ
ԭˣһȻ켴λõģ

Ͳսˡ
Τ뾪㵣Ϊʲô
ãս֮ҵΣֻǱʰھλ
Ц˵ų죡
Τһ㶣ȻüͷøΪΪΪλöսȥң仰ȷʵ̫
ҪսǾһ֣
Ҳмһ֣ʤ֮Ҳ䣡
޷
£һ紵ԣζ۾УţǧˣֱӣҲΩҵɴ
ս𣿡
ʳһЩˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ֻŴ
ս𣿡
ʳڶ⶯Ⱥǰ
ԭҲһȺųѣ
⻰ŭЩȺ𼤷ߣŭ죡
ų֣ƺͼŭٽȺۼŭĵزٵһͬСӣ֪Сӣɣ
ʮ˵ĴȳХҲһֺɽһѹϣЦݸˣŭˣҪġǡŭҪȻս̫ȻȤ𣿡
һУƣ
һˣٶȼس֮УֱϾͱ棬ǻ棬γһƣһȣúã
켴ֱӭϣ
ɫȭͷֱ
ϸһӴͳ۶ϣǲ»𣬵ȴ⡰ơе˼澹ȻػԪһرһ͡
ҲΪ˼ϵʱ⣬ûнһȭУһ̽⡰ơľ
˵һǧһ򣻲ܳϿҲãҲգԶΪһнʮߣҪĿģҪĥԼԼõ
ս棡
ȻһͣúǣȺϣֺξ
ػϮز֪һػƣǰصҪʮ
ˣױ㽫סһɣϵ֮ɫŨЦСӣԭҲƾʵҲǱʰھţ϶һڣӡˡ
˵Ļ£ƣ͵Ϊֹ𣿡
ԣ˻ϲɫ԰׺Ȼ𣬶ãġܵġ
̫£ƾֻ㣬ȥˣ
֣ͫ׾æȣƣ


234 
ûüֵϱ׼Ȼ֡
ȳƣʱ򣬳һΰɱ֡оƱʱαģ
Ǳ£ϱоĻԪ͵һͣȻǵȥǰ·ӿֱײ֮¡
ը㷢ˡ
ͬںߵ˳ˮһӿײ˰˻ȥײں˳֮ϣͻһ߸͵ӿΡ
ңӿߵʱײӵеľ޴Ȼը
ڱըϵҲ켴ըڳѤĻ档
ߣⱬըֻըһ
䣡䣡
һըŵڶըըƣŰޱȣ·ΧĿҲһ㡣
ⱬըóʹУʹл
ţǰĻϵٸһ㣬ûԪƷ׸ߣ˵˵Ϊﵽ磬ǿˣܵҲˣˡ
ԷյƵԭ̾ţ似ĲСӣǱըʱܣ˶ԻԪĿǿƣ˵áѾ뷨ҪƻΪãȻ似ʩչʽʺĿǰֻ
ǣֻҪƵľ裬ԭԺַʽʩչǶԳ˵Ͳ̫
֮ʱ˼ϴסһθӣȵӽûʵͱװƣúõӣƱըζΣ

ϻصò죬᲻أ棬ĶȴǱըһӰҲûС
㡭û¶˾ƣľУƣеľУĿǰܷӳ似һмϱʵһߣҲһ
οƵСӣûжܣҲûзʩΪټŭʹʮֵȫ˵õ޵طӣ
ǣ㣬˼ҾȻû¶
ô
˵㻹бֶһʹ
㲻ܲˣôûã㵽ǡǻи͵ֶΣκι߾߻ƣʹ
ȷ˵Сˣͺñȱҧһڣ̹Ȼ˵ȻûˣҾͲㆪˣ
Żһȭ;УȭץһסĲӣСƵģץأֱ˸Եء
Ԥвûжùץס뷴ַãǹӿڵ˲䣬Ϣȥ
ţԴԽ˶

룬߽佫ǱʰʮλʹһֻƸǺպȴ벻ȻױɱǱʰھȻ鴫ΤһԽ˵ȴûж֡
Ǳʰٿճһλá
ΧߣɱԳϵǿηȵȣһΡ
ʱǵУоǱʰϵھţȷʵ
֮Уеˣеȴŭˡ
˵ģŭ˵ģĿǰֻһ·Ǿɱȥ˻ӣǲܵģҪΪԼ룬Ȼȥôǣк棬Ƭ½
Ψһ·ǽһսԾȻΪǱʰھŵǿߣˡ
ȻҲģôˣ˵Ա߻һǱʰԭھŵǿߣΤأ
ǲ֪ȺսǶüˣȻǳؽԪָʱҲûͻ
ǧͷֻϢ֮顣
뱻ɱһ˲䣬ָĴ似籩ʹֱֶ
нԪ󵶿նԪۣشңˮԪϬԪңľԪƿա
𣡡
һХƸǣսȼսսʹʹ죬սҡضӷ죬ȭͷҲһ˲֮䣬ͱ
ţԾնȭҷնȭ
ɲʱ䣬һƬȭӰ´£ӡЩϡ
¡¡ը죬ˣֻڷ飬𶯣ʱ˿̣ȴаֳɣɱն
һʱ䣬ֻɱ
һУ»ն
ҵģޱߣ
ҵģˮƣ

ͽɣ


235 ؽ
һȣһɱһ似
˲䣬ȫк£
ӻڿеĳϣȴЦˣȵˣǾͽаɡ
ϵһתһǸʹϵ似ߣķ㣬ֱأ¶óЦݣзƷΪܽǸһ߸ⶴ𣿡
𣿡
һʣڽԪˮٶȣںһŲ̫ҫ۲õĽɫâĽţţײ˵ķϡ
Ȼзȫ˹֮ԪȫۼǰԷ
һ˲䣬ȴɫ䣬Ϊı죬Ϊоһɾ޴ӿǰԪɢһɽԪŰƻ
ʹӵȥ֮ǰеĿЮŴ֮ȥһץסȫ
ͬʱ˵ɳȥײ˺ſڵϣҲ
Ǳʰʮ򣬱һһȺ֮𣬸ɾ䡣
ץסһȭȥл̺ŵԪʱ÷飬ϰνתһȦץסֽӳ෴ķȥֱնǸʹ»ն֮ˡ
ؽУʲôҲûһ㣬ɫâ׹ӡ
ʹȭȴȭʹ˳ö̴Լ˲ûбǽԻ󣬷ţǿ֮£磡
ǾͿĽնҵ壬ҵĽն壡
һ£Ѿն¡
ײﭡһ
ʱӰֱӱնʹҲͣﻹھ˵ùȻûƵͬһ㣬ֱħеһƴ
ȴǲЧţؽ⽣ȷԶˣؽһնѾնˡ
ôһ룬Ժһͷǲ̫ؽˣպûؽǡ뵽ĿȻᶨƾǲףҪĻǿΪǣؽҲһɱزٵҲܽȫպܲؽʱòؽ
ͨؽ⣬һȭɵµشնȥ˱Ŭ취Լͣٴηɼӿɱأһ飬ͣסǽˡ
ϧνٶҲ첻ϣ
գۼƽں֮Уٴʹ»նӰǣһСһʽӭϡ
һʽǰ㣬ֻǵһʽѷճϣʵʹÿһʽ˺ü
䣡
ڶײ޴˶ٸвУѾнԾͷҪԶһ㣬ʹԶ̹սĻԼǲ
ײûüˣٶ죬һпһʽն£˱Ʋѣܵв֮£ȫǱܣԪһգʹʮֵնȥͬʱȵҸƴˣ
ζնûнûк¡ըȴһ̶ġС
ԭǳϵеĿһܲסôǶԷеıƷױȿߣԣʱնء
˱ﱾȻǣԼеĿնϣдϲ缸ѪĽϣޱгŰؽĳնȥ
ϣòƳţǵĻȣȴβĿϲɱƣôǰµսȫǱʰϵͲǵʮǵھھϡ
ЩֹסѪڡ
Ҳ˺ţƣȡ֮ˣǳϡ
ƾ㣬𣿡
նĽնĲӣİؽк;˵֮ʱϲָ֮Զһ˲䣬ҪնĲ֮ϡ
ɾָ֮࣬ȴʧ˳ϵı֮£ﻹ
ؽɱ㣬ӡ
仰ͬʱȻڳǰϴ󾪣ȴղǰѰصǵش
ţض
Ѫڿա
벻ռھƣת֮䣬ͳĽꡣ
ϲŲľȺɻ󣬻ץסȭͷһþʱɿ˱Ľأһӡ


236 һУ
ϱɣʱûһڣܼͷ˼롣
ԣʮıŽɫ⻪ĲĨ֮ʱб˼㣬𡢿ȵֻ֮ʣ²Ŀ־塣
ǧ˼֮УֻһͷǾǺڣڵΪʲôҪսԼΪʲôԶԶģɻ֮Ѳ
ڿ־УϵͷԼĽն죬Ѫܿն𣬳
Щ˵ȴڵʯ֮䡣
˶̵ʱˣսľ
ϣѾΤ룬˵㣬Ĳս
㹫ƽһս
ϣƽһ˵ɱǣһսַΪĹƽ𣿡
Τɫ£ҿԵָԪһս
ˣڼսҶԣõĹƽϱ˵ţߵȺ۵ɱУΤȻûݽһӣȵ㲻սһս
˵ţջرһתΤ룡
ڶʽ
ϵնȥݣΤ벻ҺӣһƬأһȣɫâһһӵĳǹΤС
ǹ˶ǹڱ֮ϡ
ͬΤҲоǹȵѪӿ˷ȻûӲƴ֪Լǵ˼ǰͲֵһᡣ
Τǹ˫̤أԪתȻǹɾ޴ȫжϣΤվĵطֹѣһѷ졣
ȻΤ뽫󲿷ֵתƵ˵ϣ廹ǳһ֮أҲͨ壻ˣΤ뻹ˡ
ɴ˿ɼһն֮ж
Τ뽫ӿѪ˻ȥͬʱǹٻһߴ̣Ȼ̳ʮŵǹӰ
һ˲䣬ǰƮŵģȫǴǹӰ󣬸һͷͷͻХ
Ҫҷ㵽ס
Ⱥսȴ˵ҷնڶʽһ㽣Ʈ
ʱΤоԼؽӰ֮УǹӰû˽Ӱ֮УΤɫ䣬ƾһ֣ΤԼĲǳϵĶ֡
ǣΤûоʹ˷ԪâһΪһ¶š
ΤȻûенȴҲ֮ԶҲΤŰٱսƾ̣Ǳʰԭھߣ
âǹٴ̣ʮŽϵĽӰ£ʣҵٶȻ˽ĺƷ׵似ǰȭ似⽣мơ
ЩһǿӲ֣ɲаģâǹбԼΪģǹԪһԲ
ΤӰһȻʧ
ʧɲǳٶȣ˲׽Ĺ켣ʧȴѭ˵أ
뿪׼Ҵ壬СսҲкüʮǵһɵȻһ㶣
ʱЩˣô˻ɱϡ
оҵɱнӶƿתȵȫҹȥ
УϽ似ҷնڶʽ಻ʹ˳
һײͺ¡֮󣬳嵽ǰʮߣȫý˳ȥһͣ׼Ҫ֮ʱ
ϵͷϿգȴ˷Բ׿飬ϵն¡
һȻǸղΤóǹԲΤʱȻӰ
ģ֮ʯҲ˿飬ǣЦˣȻе˼Žս
˵꣬Ͼǳ˱ȭȾʯײȥ
ͬʱ˴ϣһϣô˻ᣬҪ
䣡
һȭϣȻΪ˱˿ԣûнԪڻֻתһǧײȥ
ɲʱ飬зֱۣұС飬Ҳ̺
ʱǱѿĴ֮УȻһӰ
Ӱճǹֱ̳ϵء
ǹ⣬űâһҹϮʱ֣üסһ㣬ӿһǿҵΣС
ɾܵвʱϻЦ˵һУ
ǹȴڴΪ޶֣似ӦսɸǾȻ˵ҲΪǾգֻҪʵþУֻҪ󣬵˭žС
һڣǹһϢ֮䡣
ʱϺȵҷնһʽ


237 
ҷնһʽǳ綴
ĿģԴΧĹз
ɴʱԳ˵еĴΧֻһ㣬ǾǺâǹһ㡣
еķֻΪһ㡣
Τһǹ似иһ㣬ƽ֣ǹƣ
ǣƵĶɲ򵥣ʯɽƴأ
ʱ˿̣ΤƵľǣϵıϵķ
ƣ
Τףڿա
켴âǹ⣬˳ı֮ϣ
УӰصսӰΤȴ׼ȷڱ֮ϡ
Τǳ֮ʱȻʱ˵Գϲã֮Τǵմ£ϴ·ӵ˵ڳҲ˺ͣǲڳߣζ𩣬˭ָɱ϶죬Ҫֿͷ
ʱ˺ͣȫɳսŨЦݸʢ
ԭǲ׼¶ԣȻֻϵԪսǹɺƴԪעڱ֮ϣ뺮âǹ֮ʱ
ⷢˡ
ıھÿͿɱսЩʱ䣬ҪǣΤġǹơҲܲסϵľȻˡ
һٷ֮ٵ⣡
ͻȻ֮ʱâǹٴϵȥ
ǧһΣ֮£ڵԪȫܵأȫӿתûаϢʱԥںһ
ңתںϵĵص㣬ڳϵؿڡ
ҲǺâǹ֮
ΤڿʱҲǺ⣬ͬʱ۾ﻹһ˿ԥ˿ԥĵ䣬âǹǴȥΤջǲܡ
ˣΤҲԥᶨɫĹâ֮ɫһȣƣ
ǹ˳ϵؿϣ
ȴǴϣܴ̽ȥһһ
Τ󾪣
սǣ֪ʵ飬֮񰡣񰡣һǹ㣬㻹ô񣡡
ʲôƨ֣ǱʰھǰֻǴҲСĶѣΪԼ
ǵĶʼ־壬ڳǹ֮ʱõ̶ȵͷţȻЩѰ׵˵ɺڵһЩҲͽð˳
ڮٳ֮ʱЩ˸ǴԲѵ˵ңҲܴ
ǣһܽ룡
Щһ
øߣܾ춯һ㡣
һƬУһȣӡ

ֻζһй̵Ѫ
ζٲʲô֣뽣ӴָУٻԸ̬֮ȥӣסˣ㲻µġ
ζߣһѪ˶һѪ
ǱƼŵ𩣬˭
ˣһн״ʦһ߽ʦ
һǱʰϵǰֻ϶㲻ϣζĽһֶתͷȻ㿴ζУҫɫĻ뽣
ʶ֮ˣʱ󺰶ǱƷ
˴󺰳󣬲͵ؽסͬʱԼҪ˵
ЩƷĸ֣Ѫ۾Ѫ⡢׹⡢̰֮⣬â䣡
뽣ңҰɣ˵ţȴѾΪжֱӳȥ
ζСӣӳ뽣ܻشӣζԺԥͽ뽣ӳȥףЩˣǰƴҪóأôȴأ
ζûиԳȺˣζŲûͣٶûз֣ȫԪǻԪľԪٶȣǰȥ
ζƴҪȴʱѾ˱仯ֻڿסͣΤѾѹųϣӿ£ΤüͷѾúһСɽ
Ϊǹ̲ȥ
Τʮֵ벻ףһǹơôܴ̲ȥһƷһǹҲķѣһƷΤҲģѺۡ
һ壬һѪ֮壬ǹơã
ôûãΤһһᶨȵƣƣƣ
ϣ˫֣ץ˺âǹϣ
һȺҪȥƷһˣȴñϳȥ
ƿգóϱΤס֮ʱնԴ
һЦɣ


238 ǹһ
˶ȥƷ
ҪӱϮɱϣ
÷ʮΧȥһƷӻ˵ÿֻʮ֮һĻᣬ˭ǰѱô˭ʮ˵Χɱ
£ûģƷ֣ȻɱΧٰԽԽߵ׷
ɱǱʰھŵƣǾȫһˡ
Ųǲʲôǲʲôɱֶβʣù⣬̫
еһһУͳͳܡ
ֻܵнֻ
ֻҪһܽǱʰھǿߣһɱͽ
۱η˵ʵʵڵؿİɣ
ֽзǱʰϣڶʮţ
ͣĽնɱڵ£϶źܶʵ棻û棬ôˣսϣźҪɱϡ
Τ뿴ٵӺϮɱ۾һŭ𣬲ΪҪĹͣȺսѾΥĹƽսԭڣȻˣҪǹ£ɱˣ
ԥأΤ뾹Ȼ˼ȥҪǹǹƷ
ȻҲΤ֮£ȻδܽƿϷйأģǶԷķŭ
ȻΤһǹȴǳ
Ϊϵֻ֣ĺâǹ
ΤؿųϣģȴǳϵЦݣ·֪Τ롣
ʱĽɫâͷ­һ֮ң
ʱζǱʰߵΧɱ֮Уս֮ͱһ߷˳ȥ˿ڣѪ
ڵϵ𩣬ս̫أеĿ⣬ȴδӹֺ
ζѾ뽣һܵǰߣһһزϾɽľôһζƾ뽣ƾľԣܹ֧Ƭ̣˿ǰζĶ֣ǸȺҪĴڡ
ԣζ˵һˣڶˣûиζ㻺ʱ䣬ɱζԼİΣĽ𵶣ҪڳϵԴϣζѿھҪ׼ɱ񡭡
ζֻ˵֣ġɡ֣ûµóͱϵıѹȥֻϺȵζû£
󣬳ֽ˵ǹһã
ȫأΤɿźâǹ֣
Ҳתֻǽâǹһͣ
ʱâǹڳϡ֮£ֱӴ͸˷ĸ
Ŀɿڴȫ벻׵׷ʲô£ƲǱΤǹôһǹ϶Ѿ֣ѾˣΤв֮£ƸǺ޻֮һǱɣضնԴķѣӻҪ룡
ǣΪʲôǹ̽Լţ
ҲףΤûнǹ̽ϵѪƤһۼ˶ѡ
ĸȻ̴סնȥ
Ŀ¶Թ֮⣬˲⣬Ҫͳͬھ
ʱ
תһӣӣͱ˿С
ͬھ룬Ȼ
ϲûʹ˷Źǹ죬ǹ˽ħޣʹ롱ĳʦ似
һ˲䣬ڿлӣڳϳǹ֮ʱһѪ⣬ǹͷҲһһأһһ飬ӿƮ¡
æƷߣûпһ׳ۣΤȴǿ˸һǲŵУһ˿˿Ŀ־塣
ǣ˿־壬ת˲ţ𾪣ڳ϶ṹϤڳ϶ĿƣȻԴﲻ־硣
֮Τ۾ս⣬Ũ
ϣʹ롱֮󣬾ԾУζߣζµڶ˵Ĺ
ǵڶˣѾȫ̴㣬ɱˣӣҸطһʮ꣬ٳߴ½ǿһ
ֻϧĵδ뽣ײһ𣬾ͱâǹǹסٽ÷ֺ
˴㶣󾪡
˾ˣһȺߣˣ㲻ףôΤǹѵ˵Τ
˻عͷһΤɫ԰һ⣬ֻΧôôѪ⣬Уʲô
ӣԺҪôҡζϲһڵϵ𩣬ҲǴһûԼʹȥҪȥ
ζ
ҪʾǸζȴס˵죬ӣ֪ġ
Сӣ̫Ŀˣǰˣɣ˿ζңŭغȳҪն
ϻĿһɣҲҪģ


239 Ȼ
ҫ󵶵ն¡
һߣâǹǰһ̣磬ǰΤһʽǹơƹ֮޲
ʱ飬͵ؾʹ˵ķض
ʧв𾪣ȴǶζеǰѻ뽣̰֮ⲢûϢʧһ㡣
Ѫһȭȥȵʱ˵Ѿﲻˡˣ㾹Ȼͼı
Щߣڷӿǰ
ΪΪʳ
⻰ԡ
ЩǰҪóأһƷıǰǸǷܲǰͺһ㣬Ҫɱȡ
Ϊûȥ֮ǰһǿܽʵøһӣζһн״ʦһ˵ڸ߽佫ǰֵĻᶼûǣ˻뽣ζ֣ܳ˸߽佫
Ʒڴʦܷӳ㹦ЧǷ佫Ҳѹֺ˲Ҫسǰ
Σתͷζ˵ζȽȺĲӬˣ˵
ζ۽ǻۡ
ζͷϻعղǻˮӣͱñޱȣᱦҪǵʵȡɣ
£ϾźâǹǹϣȻʬ塣
âǹڳϾĴ߶֮£͵һʧһγ֮ʱâǹȻһ˵âǹϣȻʬ塣
һȺ߽佫ΧȺսϸͲ壬ֻҪٶܹ֣Щ˾;˵ֺ
ҪٶȣһɱľԪģҲ൱أϾҪԪл֮ʱЩ˵ȫոɾ
ƣ
ƣ

һһĴ̺Уˣ̴ںâǹϣźâǹϵʬ壬Щ˵̰һ㣬˿־壬һֵ
ĿģǳҪġ
âǹϾޣ˺ѾûжλãϳǹԾУâǻδµϻ
ʱ˵ӣѿȫǴм䣬رʳ룬˷
˽Ծ壬һѪֶס
ɱ¾ûֹͣڿУ롱似ҷն似Ѿۻҵʹ˳ֻѪɣŲİ
ܲסִˣΤ룬㻹һ֣ɱħ
ɱǣǶħɱңӦɣϵĺȺâǹһ⣬ȡ£Ѿһ̲Ѫ⣬һѰ׹ǡ
֣ǵĿ⣬ڲٿζеĻ뽣ҲףҪŴӳȥѡ
˺Τ룬ɱƣǼƷǶҪˣȫ㣬֣
˿̣ΨнϣΤϣΪΤǱʰھţΪΤǰסâǹ˳ϵš
Τ룬վԱߣȴһ۾ֻгϣֻгϴǹӰųһʹơ似Τ벻ɻ󣬡ΪһУѵҲѧƲԾɣ
Щ˼ΤûǰɱͣеĿ־Ѿӵӡ
Ͻǹһʽ似ʹ֮ʱ˱߾ȫԪ൲ߺˣ˵ƣŵŵĮɱңŶƲҪȡ
Į˵߾ںҹ￴һ˿⣬æȿֺ˵ƣڵֱϵӳʦɱң
ǺȻڵĳڡ
ɵġ
ǻýŵġ

һʱ䣬ڳÿˣɡֱ˳̧ǵʦǵʦǳϾţȫڱкŵģԴˣѹסƣɱ¾
ǸǸģûѹƵãóϵŭֱ˺üء
ȱŵĮ˵ƣȥˣ󲿷ֶ֮ˣǱʰϽǰһٵģ֮ڵӣɱǣ൱ҪٽʮɵΧҪɱǣպͻΪʸ֮ģ
ǷŹǣ֮£ʹһʹȻ
Ȼʣ
Ȼͱɣ
ϴųĬʵڵģ


240 ؽ
ŵģ
ĬΪˣһȻȲһڶţ֮£ŵţҲ쵱ģȻǰλֵԣֻҪ֣ǾͲƽϣǡ
ĬĻû˵꣬ϴȶϣĻǼǵûűһţɱģ
һ˵ĬֱԾ
ҪʱЮźâǹɱǰδأǹͷڻĽԪһ߰㣬Ĭ䣬
켴Ĭ죬ؿϰ仮䣬ڵϣ顱һ֮սᡣ
ľǵţȻãҪ֪ЩɣûʲôǣһҲһɾ޴
ˣȻţ˿ˣնɱĬҪɱǣ
ڣǺˣҽƣ
һǹȥʱѪڿա
ɣǺˡ
ϵɱɱʣµߣ粱ϼһѵƵģЩԶҲսϵˣҲڵΪȻûԲμӣɽǿǾɫ԰ףļ
־֮£˱־󺰵ӰɣӰɱ˶ħûԡ
ȻҲ񵯻һѹԽףþԽɤӺҲ£ҲˣҲˣҲѪҲۣԪһ̻þһЭܽɱˣӣӲģٶȿû˼ҿ죬ôӵˣһɱɱ
һйƻҪӵˣͣס˽ŲǡڴʱһߣԼײڳϵǹϣȻ󣬱Уһڳұϣһ˿ڣ켴ĺҿһҿһҡ
Ϣһۣȵһɱ
ǰ񵯻һǸˣԶʮ˵λֵܣһһ󱨡
ЩˣȻûжôһɱ˶ħҲš
ĻţȴһԵζ۾һתֵǸźɴŮ˵һƷıҲɱħͷֻǣǸɴŮˣȻеƷҲλ
ôһ˵Щ˵ģˡ
ԥһ˵ôˣǸƣ϶Ըˣǽס˾ߣ˵꣬˵ȳ˳ȥӶأʮˣȫȥ
ԼĿʵ֣ЦˣƼսʱԪ֧ˣټҪãôǵĶ֣סֵܸĻᣡ
ԶΤ۾ԥ֮ɫʵǿЩߵΪֱˡߡ֣ҲйǣȻСǣЩ˼ǻܴ鷳
ϣҪζ֣˫Ѫ죬ֻսңҪɱңɱ˶ᱦһɱ𣿡
ϽâǹһȦΧס˱һǹ˵ȻǵߵǷǣ˵ɱħͷңɱʹ죬ɱһذա¡ޡ⣡
ٴľЩҪƷ齣֮ˣҲһ͡
˿һ˼飬ֻ˵ǹ֮պٱ켴㽫âǹΤ롣
˶׳ΪȻǹѵҪֿȭս𣿡
ΤסǹأģƲԼɵĹϵƲսѾԪ֧ĵزûк󾢣򲻹ǡ
ɾΤҪǰһʱȴУͻضһûзҫ۵ĹâֻͨڣΪƽ˵ѿ
ǣΤȴ۹һ
⽣ؽ
ʱǰζȥﻹҪڲʲôҪζİȫûζ¶֣㾳أζ˵ɵĴС㣬ҲһѹסЩƷԴߣҪǣЩߣζ˵Ļ
ʱΨʵΨȭͷ˵ΨѪɱĺ
ϽؽָȺֱζȥˣ˵˵˭ҶζһëҾҪ˭ĺǣұɱ㣡
˵󻰣ΪڻкܶԪ𣿽ģ㣬һ㣡Ͻ˳ϵĻϵƣԽԽʢҪٲ֣ɾ͵ñѹȥˡ
ɱ
ɱ˳ȥ
ϻͷסʱ׹ѡ
ϵĿУҲ³һ֣ɱ


241 ʽ
ɱ
ֻһ֣ϵϣȴ޾ɱɢ
ţһѪؽϣ˵죬ǹԡѪ
£ϵԺءˡ졣
һ죬óϻһǰҲԼؽġˡ죬ȴûиָоָо˵ˣڵͷһ
ϲ֮УѾɱһˣҲζɱȥζ뽣֣ȵӣң㲻Ҫɱǡ
ζԳĺȵ֪˭𣿡
֣˭ӣҲҪĽ

ζȫɱûˣζҲΪҪֵĻˡ
Ǳߣ˵Ĺɱ
ϲᣬȴǻ棬ɫ
ɫǴ𣬸ų޾ķŭ֮
Ŀڴһ߶ţ𣬾ȻǼơ
ͷҲ벻ȥȴף˼һֱûչ¶ʵһȺˣȴƴ˾Ҫɱ˼ң
ƻһս⣬⼫֮£յøɸɾ
Τ벻ԾؽâǹץøǰԼභ̳ǹơĻᣬûС
ھƾŵھǰҴţоһŨԪϢȴҵģƵģټĻԪϵԪǱʰһĪǱʰһİ޳꣬ҪʮΤ϶սмҵĺâǹҲƻԪҲģ
ڼɲǣУζߣǰĻԪȫתƵ󣬰ζ˹ζ§ڻ
ӣңζն˵ڿͣʵϣĵԪ൱ȻӵڳˣԪпݽ֮ʱ
ζҲñ˺ġ
ӣˣ졭ζţΪЩһһڳϺ󱳣ϵǣѪ
ϵͷȺ𾪵ǡ
ЩˣһˣһͷǺڣڶͷӣжԶӶԶ
ǰ׳־һȣӶȥ
ʱ
̺ǵغ˳ǣ˭Ӳȫ
ɫӰϿУؽϺȵ죬ʽ
ʮʽôõĴϽʽԪԪԪһۺ˵ʽ֮Укҫһɫ󽣣Ӱƴ
䣡䣡䣡
죬ֱ춯أ
ɱζʮˣеñؽնУӶʱѡ
еģըܳ죬ֱֱڵϺ󣬵
һܴ֮ﵽ˵ز
ʮˣڿʽ֮£һһڡ
Τһ飬ţǰһУնǿ飬ԼڲظûУԼġǹơ似ʹͱúһ㣬õǣ
һˣú¡֮УŤͷȥˢϱûаѪɫ켴ͳҩһȥҪǰӡ
ϣһпʽ֮ѾϵԪյòˣﴫƣĸоϢһ¡
ǣܵˣһһԾһߴӴָȡԪʯԪ
ȻȡԪһ˿죬ЩƷԪʯƷԪʯṩԪԳ˵ֱˮн㲻ϣ
Ծ֮󣬳ǾͺܽˣЩ˸оĸ£ͬ˷һ㣬躰зӣһȥ߽佫ӣǱ룬ֱüճ˻ҽ
ûʹԪĴ似ֻǽؽڿл裬ֻǿż䵽Щϣ
ˣϱͲԪݽ֮ʱԽԽ
ˢˢˢˢˢ
ʮն֮ʮɼ𹹳ɵĻ𽣣ֱڡ
壬Щߣ㵹˵ϣйģֱΪޣйΪһģȴңڣҪŷյʹ࣡
ǲǳϣû壬ûǬֻܼʹУ
ţţо󲻶Ծôֻһ˵ĽŲأ
ͷһһƬںǡ
־嵽ȴһʣơȥȥˡ


242 
һǰսģҪƷģڣΤ⣬ֻʣһˡ
ڼ֮УͷʲôƣֻֻǽںǣǸɱ˶ħƶˡ
һƬɻ󲻽УͻײʲôֱײڵأŻͷһȻ󿴵ıǳĮϬĿ⣬ɢŵɱ
ȣⱾ׷ƣʲôʱܵǰȥˣһײȻײλһ
ɲôȣȴףаͣԥһ֮أˣ֮ⷴһȥ
һ˿âӿѪȥսؽὣһһ粨һȥ
¶ԽԽߣٶȴѾᵽ˼¡
ڳһ֮³һ֣ţ
ǲһ㣬ٶȶȻ糱ӿһӱײϡ
ʱ˸ҽгһƴԪżķգһģһ·ұ㳼㣬ҡ
Ҫɱζˣ㣬ܻ̣ø䣬һһߵǰвϵԪʯȡԪάּķգҪƴԪ
ҲΪˣ߹·ϣŷĩȫǱԪ£
ЩƷԪʯڳϵĴָ棬Ҳ࣬Ȼĺ̶թһʣɴɽǵǵ·ϣڵǽ󲿷ֵԪʯ޺˶ˡ
ڳļ֮£ɫŨѾ˵ȫȫصֵżķգԪҲ࣬ǰµĵҩڼķ֮£Ԫٲ㣬ʧˣ
ʱ־ؽɫһƬɫ֪վӲ˽٣ں㲻ҪûôղңҪˣ
˵ҪȻҪҲȲá
˵꣬һѪؽ֮ϣǰһӣһԪȻϮһ¶Ȼɵʱ䣬ȴûзʲô쳣ŷ֮ʹЦƣԪҲ˰ɣҵԸʵˣƣŵıɣţƾΪɣ
ûᣬ³һ֣ȼ
ȼһ棬Ȼ棬ֱӷľѪ⡢
ŰЩѪ֮࣬ȫճ˻ҽ
¶֮ɫȻû뵽ܽԪڣȼ𾪣Ҳһ֮󣬱ȫȫһѻҽ
ȺУһɫأֱųϵӰ۾ֱתƺĥʲô
ʩչһıͿˣҲ᲻һ㾢ؽأڽϣζһʱߣ
ΤУսۻ룬ţһģһ죬һġ
ʱǰȺɫصǸˣһ֮£ǰֱָϣк׳־˵ƣҪս㣡
仰һȺ˽㶡
ζȴǽ߳ƣòҪñ޳ܣˣûˣΪ۸ˣԿԱضӮˣսˣ治һˣ֮ǰôս
ƤһɫûУдʵҸǰںͱսҴŲðɣ˵ҵΪƵ񣬻ǰ㾫ôıأ
㻹һҪս𣿱С㣡
ζ̽Ҫ߳ȴסֻóϳ˵ζ
ӣӡ
ζ˵飡
˵仰ϵӣͦεֱֱһζ۾ǴδƣøΡΡɽ
ƣǸܣӢۣҾ㣡㣡Ǻûôʣһһ˵ȴ͸յĹâ˵ҪƼһܸߺܸߵĵطǱôҾãȻкǿսȻٳ֣ӢۣǱʰھţһ֮ɱ˽ʮ˵ǿߣ볾
Ϊ˱ʾҶľ⣬һһս˵һ䡣
Ѿ̧ؽ˵ϻ̫࣬Ҫսս
ǡʱ򣬺洫һҪսƣ͵ȹһأ


243 ϰ
˵޵У
֪ǲǵ޵еĵز޳ܼǾǶ£
ǰɱ飬ȡ׼翳вһ㣬˫ȶڴڣԪ֧ܳսŭ
ϴżֲмЦҪ⡰޳ܼƸʰȴҪսƣȹһأ
ѭȥϱ㿴˺һȻΤ롣
һ㶣뵽Χս֮˵ŭҲ뵽ӣ϶ƣӣһսȴû뵽·ɱΤҧ
ôѵҲʸ𣿡Τٴ
Ƽתӣصսƣһս
˵⻰ƲΤٻػԳ˵ƣˣұһս𣿿ղҶĿ佱ֱ˷ˡ
ģ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģ㻹ܸ޳𣿡ζҪǰȥȴԱ󣬲
Ҫ˵ֵһͷִ˭ƣҶӵ
ЦһδӳϵȾ˵ˣŵģ˭
컹˼ĿģͽΪζģζŮΣҪȵˣȴΪҪʮ˿ԩ걨𣬶ɱƼүƼңţȻŵˣսһ¶ò׽Щ¶꣬һֻ޵еĲӬŵľȱһε֪죬ж˶¶
ôŵʱ򣬰ͷҲţһ¶ߵ㲻֪᲻Ҫҳ֣Сӣǿһս֮Ļֺһ֣սȻĥ˵ģСӣɱϣ
ϲûо壬ҲãǺαҪأ·ʤ
ȴΤüͷú
˿̣ΤȷʵЩǣƽµĳԹѾˣæƵսǻûʲôƶԸţǺɾмֲңšŵɣ϶Ϊһġ
ǣǰľƣǳϵӦģҲǸн״ʦȴƷСܽġ
ˣţúÿ죬Ϊ׵ģϲϵŵϰ죡
ϰ죬߽
ϰߣƷƷƣˣȴȻȻΪ˿ϵı³⣬ȷϵĿ档
󣬻ʮˣȻ٣ǰһŵĸˣͺܴ󣬰׺ƮƮߣǱŵĳϣһˣҲǳˣ϶н佫֮ϡ
Űڳ˼ʽҪɱ֮ϰҪΪӱ
ļʽƲս£ͬʱﻹ˵ƣҪססֱ򵹡
ǰ棬ƷƷƱָų˵ٺ裬ҵĵɱҵĵܵܣ
ϰĿ⣬һ۲ǿϣǿζеĻ뽣۹һ£ҪܶһƷıһˣͲˡ
ϰƣҶӵģ
ֻǸ˽
֮£ȴЦһЦҲǵѪʳ˵л߼ȡԪԪʯＳȡ޺Ｓȡʱ˿̣һ˿һԪԳ˵Ҫģ
ŶǺãҲ㽲
ǾҪȭͷӲˡ
ϰһЦ㲻õģҵȭͷ㹻ҽҶɵ˺԰ٱˣڣ뿴ʹرĥǸɾȥ
ҲϺ˵˷ϻ˵һϻܶһԪĹܸң
ϰ첻ÿɷԹԵضζ˵㽫еıҿÿһ㣬ʹ࡭
ΣΪƾ㣬ɱ𣿡ζЦ
ʱˣ˵󻰣ɱˮǴӸߴһϱҿ㲻
Ҳٺ裬ĹƷƷƸϽ˵
ƷƣҵĻû˵꣬⣬ӣҪ˫˫ţ
ϰ˵꣬ƷƷȫЦ
𣿡ζЦţ֮ǰ˵һ仰ţôͣ𣿡
ʲôףֻףǶˡ
ǰкܶˣ˵仰˿̣ȫĽ£
ϵĻ䣬˶һХ˭ҶԴС֣ɱۣ


244 
ϰζҪŵĻֻһЦûзϣС֮ǰһЩֶζѡ
ЩɱΪϰɨһ³棬ûзϣЦ˵һ䣺ҲǣԣˣҲң㻹һѨ
ϰѨȻζ
ϰ˵仰û˵ԶȻ𡰸ɱۡ
ʱϰڶݣгƷĺɴŮ˻ɣѵ˵֣еܹһ仰Ŀܣ
ôһɻ֮ϰָϽ񶨣ôһǾͲ䵽˵زˡ
ϰ˼֮У˵ɱۡȺˣѾ˳ĶʮһˣΪ׵һˣǷ֮ζɵţ
Գ֮ǱʰűʦܣԷ۵糸ٶȣɽǸȥɽ֮󣬵֪СѾ뿪ͣ׷
ֱ˿̣׷
ʦ֡ζϲغ
Ŵһʦܣߵζǰ˵С㣬ˡ
١٣ʦ֣øպúʡζȸԾŶų˵ʦܣǿǶ˵ˡ
ô˵Ƕʮӷ׷׵ͷͣǿϵĿȫǳݣǱʰھţһǺε磡
ʦ֣㽫ζչ˺ã˵
ҵְڣҪ˺С㣬Ҫ̤ҵ
ζȴ˵ʦ֣ƺ޳ܣȻô֮ʱսʵ̫ɶˡ
źۿƣƴ˿̵ɫһƬ԰ףõǰƻʦֵܵģһȺˣΪ׵Ǹ磬Ƕʮ߽佫ɲܳܵģ
ʦ֣ˣʰС
ϻᶨޱȣһһԪʯԪ˷ĩ
ŶųϱֱıӰ˵ͷǰһȵղ˭˵ҪҼҴС㱦ҼҴС˫˫ŵģ
ϰ̬سϣﻢ£ֲܾʹ˰֣һĶӣǰģŭ𣬺ȵ˵ģ
Զ˫˫ţһǱ䡣
ϰ۾гߣؿЦΪ˭һн͸ǰ񣿾ټǶʮ߽佫ʦܣһ߽Ҳȫܽ£Ī˵߻ʮ߽佫ΪܴӮңŶˣټǱһʦһֻ׸ãǰ𣿡
Ҵ򲻹
ʶʱΪܣȻ򲻹͹ԹԽٰǸ˫ַϣϰʱѾζ˫˫ŵĻȥ
ûᣬ˵ϰ˵Ļأ
ʲôɣǰˡ
ϰͼˬ죬ѿڶ˵һ룬ŻعġʲôҲ˵ȥ۾һƬ֣˵ʲôɣѵǡܣԲܡ
ϰ쵱Ȼ֪һڵɣҲ֪ǰЬʸûУǰ˵ȫӢҲʮ佫ѣأ˼ҵ֪ж٣һ֣һǱʰھŵ
ûɲʡ
ϰʱζ˵һ䣬һ仰š壬ӣֹסز
Ǹƣɫܲޱȣû뵽һΣʯͷԼĽš
ΤĿҲ𾪣ԭƲߣݵλҲҪߣֲãǰͲʲôţʲôɣǰֻá
Ų˵ķӦߺȣţӹ治СȻҪɵĶҪɱɵĴС㣬㵱ǳıӵˣ㲻ԸԶ˫˫ţǾԶȫɣ򣬱ؽ£ȫ𣡡
ʱû˸Ϊ仰Ǽٵġ
ƷƷ뵽Լһôˣ뵽ǰ˵ҪǸƼţƷƷֱ֣µȥ
ϰҲɫ԰ףˣ佫ȫɪɪɣССţôֵܵס
̿˰죬ϰ񣬾Ȼᶨʵ˵ɵģɵ𣿡


245 ۵ڰ
˵ɣ𣿡
ϰŵüͷһ塣
ϣȴֳЦΪϰڴʲô⣬ӴȡԪʯ޺˵ٶԽԽ죬ǲ԰׵ɫҲػָ
ϰٴκʲô֤ݣ֤ɵû֤ݣɱҪҲˣҼðɣǵӲС
űһߣɵģȵĹۣˡ
ϰ첻ûо壬ŭȵˣȻɱɵĵӣɵƣǺôĵӣ죬ұؽ£͵ȥŷ䡣
˵Ǳɵӣ㾹Ȼҷҧһڡ
źôĵӣǲ𣿡

ɵӣһһشǴȫǷŭ
˼ȵҪ۵ڰףɳܵɵŭ𣿡
ϰЦҪɵģϷȻҪǸΪϱϧ㲻ǣɱɵˣɵƣΪһʧͱ¶ˡ
ϰһԶ˸ŪͿˣ㷲ȴ۾һ˵ҿ֤˵ģģǼðɵӣǽ֮ҪƭңˣȻҰܻɵնġ
˵ЩͱվͬһˣϰҲҪҪһ˵ȻСվҲ
ϰ첻ŵ˵Ļֵ
Ȼǣϰ˭ǰȺˣɵģȴòô
ϰҪζбҪɱζ˵ִɣ˭ϰ϶ҲҪȡ˵֮˵š
Ȼǰ˵ֻҪԶ˫˫ţͷһ·ϰôԸ⿳Լ˫˫أԸԼǾҪŶҪͬҪ
ҲϰԸģˣҪһѣ
ʵҲ㲻϶Ĳϰ쿴֮ǿǶʮˣ򵥣ֻҪǣ޶֤Ǿʲô¶ûˡ
ɵѣϰҲ⣬ǾŰǨǨĵطһڣȻǿôǿùױôõһأ
ȻһղǣϰľͲôˣϰҲǿ˼ֶߣ꣬һƺѹɵķչôеᣬѾ˵Ⱥ˲ɵĵӣһҪ֣ͲǽɣͻỤ
ҪϰҪƴףƴȥ˵лĻᣬƴǿ϶ɣ
ϰתĴɻı飬Ҳףʲôһ״ֻˣǲܻȥҲйǣܽЩɱ⣬ȻǸһڡ
ĴһԣɫһƬ֮һ¶˵ͷ۾ֱסϡһȺˣ˻صţȫķԸ
ϰΪ˵Ȼû˵ָֻеԪ޺ˣԽԽˣǣɫԽԽڵԪԽԽࡣ
ŸһˣţĲӦٴϣ
һȺ֮ҡײƭˣǾȻҲ񣡡ƴֶϰ˵ţԸһΪȺˣϼౡ֮
޳ܣ
Τ
ƻعͷƣһЦȵţǵͬһܷŹҪһ
ϰüͷһ壬Τ룬оףЩϤǣڼƵ֧֣Ҳ˵֮ĽףƵҪֻǴӦ
ЩˣһܷŹҪһϰ˵
ΤϬĿ⣬ƣ˵Լ
תͷϰ˵ţ֪᲻콣ŵĺĵأ

ŵӣһϰҲû뵽ɵĵӣ콣ţɶǴɰѵѵҲҪһ
µˣҲûа취ˣֻһ·ȥһֱߵסϰôһ䣬˵콣ţ콣ôܻɱħͷһأ㶨ȻǼðģ콣ŵ
Ҳò㣬ĵӣܴ󡣡Τ˵Ȼתͷųϡ


246 ɣ㹻
Τ뿴ųϣûЦȻЦˡ
ϽָһԪʯ޺ˣΪ˷ĩ֮ӭΤĿ⣬ҲЦˡ
ǳǳЦУ˿˿ϧ֮С
ʱ֮ǰ˻սߣǶ֣ȴվͬһ
ûлͷϰѾһˣҪζȴ˵ţ֪㾿ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪ڲðɵӵˡ
ζϵɫѾָǸ߸ʯͷ˵أ߳ڵӣǵҪһȥҲԸ𣿡
һƬĬѾԥ֮ɫ
ζϽ˵Եģɣ콣ţðǣȴȻûǵ֮أǼ̻˳ƴɱɽ̣ܽϰ£ɱͣ
ζⷬʱȻ󲨣ϰֻţϽһëѾͷ˵ĻҲţˣǵļˣţҪˣǵļˣҲɡ
⻰ֽ˻
ϰ³䣬û˿ͣһ֣ɱȺˣ
˵꣬ϰһȳ˳ȥλϣһۺһ˳ȥźͳ϶ȥˣЩӢӣҲû취ų˳ȥ
ϰֵ÷ʦǣΧ۵ЩˣȫɱһҲ
Ѿ˵ԶԶΧԱûϵᷢչһû뵽֣Ȼɱ֮ǸϽƴӣǵ书ΪʵЩͣôܵù÷һȺ߽佫أ
һȻһССţȻսɵȨһһȵǣȫ
ݻ˵ȥˣҲףԷɲһܶԸģټΤԷ
ʦûˣǱʰ˵һеһƴˣڣʦܵӣѾǵѵĵز
С㣬ϽߣǶϺ󡣡æ˵
£ϵ𣬡ʦ֣ʦǰζãڣЩҷߣɣ
ʦܣӡ
ָɹϺôԪʯ޺ˣȴָɶѡ
ɣһʣʦܣŴС߰ɣʰ
޷Ȼֻɣɱǣ㹻ˡ
ϵʮֵţǰһſıӰȻоһЩѹƣ˼󣬷ԸӱʦֵǱôС㣬ƲԣŴС뿪˵أ׼ͷٶȣϻɣûУ
ˡһȣʮɵӣζΧм䣬ζ뽣ݸţ˵ʦ֣뽣ǻϵƷպãȽһá
ллС㡣źǼƷǻϵģ뽣УŸоˣһתųϡ
Τ붢ų˵ҵĺâǹٱȥڶΡ
ս֮㹫ƽһս
ãΤˬ
ϰˣʰԲΰΧ
һԵƣųϣƣ㣬ʵҲһΧɱΪƾӳȥ˵һ֮һնأ
һֻ˼Сѡ
˵С󣿡Ц˵ɽ죬ֻС󣬾ȡƣǱʰھ
ƾ㣬𣿡
֪ӵˣʱȻӽΪս֮ǰ˵̫ķϻˣζǺɴ£۾⣬źϷϳ
˿̳أĲԪнԪҳϻڽżѵںϣ໥ۺ
ƣȻ֪мֻۣЦ˵ˣͻ֪ҵܲˣ
ΤʵǿȥˣȵС󣬽һǹɣǹΤеǸơ֣û˵óڣһ
켴һӰֱӴΤǰ
һƣոһѵӣѾǿ֮ĩ˿̵ٶô˿죿ٶȣʲôãȸһϲ㳢۷ۡ
߶Уǰ
ͬʱбڿС
Խɣ


247 ֮
Ԫڣܴñκ߽ܺ޻֮ԪڣнԪǷԡ
ͬʱۺһ𣬳ϻ治֪л᲻ᷢʲô䡣
ǣϸоڵعȵܣֱ۹죬Ѿ˽һֻɫɫӳȭͷԽԽԽԽʢ
Юһȭ˲һ㣬ǰ
ʱ׳۷ۡ
۷ۣ˼壬Ȼ۵ģƱΪǿߣȴʹֶΣ桰޵С
κΣϵȭͷ̩ɽѹ¡
ƸоԾ¶־֮ɫʱǽ䡱һը졣
˱ƵԴҽ˸ǻ⻹û꣬ţƵҲȥֱҳ
ϣһѪģ
޵еôһȭ飬ˡ
еˣһ˭Ҳû뵽һȻסһȭƾȻǿˡ
Τһǰһȭʲôɣ
𾪵ͬʱȻǸ˵ýʦһɱӺɵĺպζһԿΪϲͬʱȵǻҪִԲסֻüֻڹ꣬ǵ³
ϰĸϵ𾪣Ǿ͸˵ˣǱʰϣһǽƴɱƺûô򵥡
תһ룬ϰȵԪѾĵòˣһȥȻæңӦǱ׼ᣬһϡ泤ϣ˵Ĺʣµˣһϣ¡
ǡĴѾ˼֮࣬鵽һ˵֣ͣͣģ˶ȡƻȥ
ϰ컹˵º֣ܸ˿ĻᣬһҪɱôպǾͱ˯һȾ
һȭոջָĽԪѾȥ֮ˡ
ûפƬֱ̣ϰȥ
ͬʱϵعڷӵĴ죬ڿͣͻͻͣǼ໥ݺأʯʦ̳ıѧ
˳һһӿϺɶʽ̤ÿ̤һ·Բʮ׵ĵ棬̤ұѿ
һϽá롱ʱõ棬ÿһߵȫͬһһֱɳս죬¡¡֮ټǰһȭǽϵƣеԽԽߡ
ǿˣϰ첻ٸƵһᣬȥϣֵĶûˣһȣնƵһʽնŵȻֻƷɸ߽ϰʹҲ൱ؾ޴
ϰֵͬʱϣҲһͬɱƿһ㡣
񱣳־Լһµĳϣ̤ǰһִδйᣬڳϵÿһ
Ϸ֣ϰ˵Ķ׼ص㣬Ǹо˵ĶǵٶȣǽҪĲλÿһÿһʽƶ켣ͺǷͷһ㣬Ժ
ϲףôᷢ¶ѾԵӦĸоŶԣȴ

ڳԺһϱ㲻ȥ׷˿Ҫǳǰϰ켸ˣָоֵãϸаա
ֻаͷӿȣȻһţʮֻ꣬磬һս֮У弫ʱ쵼ˡ֮պٶȣӵؿˣֲã˷Ըңʱ̣ܳ죬òųˡ
Щϲֱ֪ϰ졣
ٶϰ죬նƵһʽֱնϵš
һնϻǰǰ㣬ڳӲӲļʽҪӲնƱɾնƱӴһɲǣӰһΣֻޱȵȭͷֱϰķϡ
е似ʩչһ룬ͻԺȫܿƵؾ͸ƱĻ棬һͣҪ㣡
ôȭбƺš
ֱ۱ʧȥƽ⣬ؿڸǳ㱩¶ڳǰʲôʽҲʹΨ֮ƣֻȫԪֵסĹȴ峤ǰȡ
ֻϧ̫С˳ϵ


248 սս
˲伴
ȫԪؿڣﻹţǰǸģû׼ټʵֻǳűͻȻ֮´нѾһ׼ȻƵ³˵ҵᣬһ¡
ͷյһľֱӿϵ壬ʱһɡؿڵԪɢֻȴͣؿڣϷ蹷ӿȥ
ĿУֳʮֵľȡ
ȻнϵԪȻԼҲǻϵԪǾڽܵһɱŰģԼӴԪʱ϶Ӧԣѡ
ǣΪʲôúõģ
뺰͸ſֱ³һһڵѪ
ϵȭͷڷؿը󱳾һļޡ
һ˲䣬ϵ󱳣¡һըǷ˿УĿشӿʱϰ˷֣ϵţȻһ͸Ĵ󶴡
һۿȥܿϱľɫ
飡
ϵʬص˵ϣֱǵһ
һһȭɱ
ϵֱҲһ˿֮УϾн
˿Ա˵ȫԲüƽϣ
˵ȭϵԪԵ˿ݽߵĵزղŴӷȡĻԪ֧սȥ
ϲؽȭǴĿģȡ֮ԪˣҲսս
ĿڷϣһΪϰϾǸ߽ӲϰնƵһʽ֮ҲûټʱǿȡԪϰûй¶ȥǷǳء
ڶԭ򣬱ǳһ䲻⣬ȳϰ֣ϰר־ؾһսʵ֮ǰϲûʹǣĸооǵһһ֮ʱʯ䣬㶨⣬Ҫսս
ˣϵİֽҲû֪Ҳ֪νǹӴԪԽʱյĳ˵㲻ʲô
ȭҲźΤսϣʧأһΤԽսԽɣΤ롰ǹơһǹһǹƳ
ϰ״ƸոɱһˣԪ϶ͿյòˣҾ棬϶ССи֮£նɱƵĴʱֻҪɱʣЩˣͲʲô⡣
Ǻϰת̽ƣֱʹΪֹʩչУնƵھʽ
ϣδϰΪΪֳһ֣иڽϻ֮󣬳ϱȡǹɻԪתҴӴָȡؽ
ȻûдϰӲƴظоϰʽ켣ֻŤ󣬳ŵأУӲϰնƵھʽ
ڶĹ֮УԪѾעؽ֮ԻԪʩչʽն£ֱնϰһϣ޳ϡ
޳ϱϰӲƴ֮ʣʹ󵶸һն
֪ϵĹϷϮһɫĴ𽣣ն
޳ϱϵټϳٶ죬ҲӲˣֻܾٵ񵲣ܵһϰһϻ
𣡡
ϴȳؽ޳ϵƷײһ
̣޳ϵĵ飬ؽȥƲն޳ϵԴġ
޳ϲûи룬ڼķ֮£˲㱻˸ɸɾ
ǰ˵ġ𡱣ҲڴˣĲǻ𣬶޳ϵ塢꣬ȫɢ
նһڽ£ǳ̬ҲǱģ˼ޣԪҲǵʣ޼ˡ
ɳϵƣȻ޿ƥУ
ϰնǴУȴϰķŭѾ޷ݣνһٶ˥ߣϰȻڵݽߵĵزȴ½˲١
ģڱٶնɱ֮Ҳôˡ
ھһѵʱϰ쿼ǵȫһڣʲôӦȴûһȻɱ
ڣֵˡ
Ͻؽָϰ죬ϰһ飬Цƾڵ״̬㻹ɱõң
ɱȻҲɱһֻҪһһڣȣٴβҪأ壬صķɺҪѹ̲ÿϸеĲ
һž죬Ƥ֮£ѪһƬģѪ˶һ
ϣƴ


249 ն
ƴ
òƴƴҪζҪΤҪŵһɵĵҲҪңɣȥĪѡ
ÿһĴ죬žʹһ֣ƴڼѹÿһ˿֮
ԭͭɫƤѪӳ֮£ѾȫѪ죬ѪӿϿУӳϵĿ
ӲؽѪ˻ȥʦ˵ҵѪҲҩʱ˿̣Ȼ˷һ㡣
ӲʵѪڼѹԪƳѪײһ𣬾ʹ
סˣȥƴ
ϰҲ֮ضƣһսƣˣʵ㲻𣿡
£Ȼ£ΪԣһŬԼڣһƴԼȥϴݷＷ仰ѪĻŻϵɱԽԽŨΧĿƺҲɢɱȾγһѰѶϰΧ
ȥƽһ̣ϵǿƶ
ϰľ֮ʱȴûаֵĺڣ˿̵ƣݲڣűЩӶ˵޶Բ⡣
ɲ֪Ϊʲôûк֮ĵϰ죬ĳϣȻ˿£бۿȥ뿴泤ϵΡ
۵ȴǣϱǸ˺âǹƵһˣ泤ŵĽɱֻм֮޻֮ƶʮΣ
ϰȥ˿£Ҫ콫նɱ򣬵콣ŵӺɵӿճһоˡ
ôʹ࣬һ̰ɣ
ϰ˵˻׳׳Լĺȼվÿһ˿ԪȵնƵʮʽ
նƵھʽϰӵʽҪǿʩչնƵʮʽʩչ֮ķɿ϶أ˿̵ϰѾ˲ôˡ
ϰһȳ֮նƱĵȻų⻪ƺʮнϵƣն̵ƣʱеƣҲĵ˿ȥƾϰնƵʮʽ
ۣ
ϰ³һѪȻʩչŵʮʽѪնƱϣ⻪ٴαǣҴѪ֮
ϣһХ
Хķƶ
ХУ޼ɵѹѹѹԪѹѪȫۺһǱѾ͵ӣȻСָԭ״̬ʱϵӣС
ϵ·ӵСƬƬѿȥ¶ǴִѪܡЩѪԶԶȥͺһƻϵѪһ㣡
ֱС׵ӣСƣֹͣ
ȻС̺ܣȴǺƴ󣬸Ӿˣܣȫעؽ֮ϣ
նƵʮʽʩչϰЮŲ֮ն£ɫâֱ죬ֱգ
ʽ
˫ȵĽŸ͵һҵļҪ죬һХΧĿ·Ϊڵת˹ը
Хըؽ˺ڱս⡣
۷Ծֹһսһսˣ
նƵʮʽϱĿʽ
Ʊն챻
һ磬ӵػϿա
Ľź嫴󺣵ƣֱҪˮͲ㡣
䣡
ըΪģԲʮڵķΧڣ˷ը졣
ζǸѪ˶һס˺˫ýǿҲɤۣԵĶʮɵӣ۾˾֮⣬һΤţҲǹֹ˽صؿֱ޹Ĺ⻪
¡Унйըѵ
ͷըѵгϣϰ죻ȴֻϰնƱؽնƬؽȻ
ʮϢϰӣӿе۾ﲻ𾪣ǿ־壬֪һУʲô
ϰӣĹУڽ壬˫ֱѿȥ˫ҲѿȥԴӡ
ڵϵģֻһͷ
սȫһͬʱ²ųһ̺ʲô
һƬУϵӣӿнһͷڷȫȾѪɫڷҡڡ
ϣѪ
ؽҲȫѪɫ
ϲûе£ȴϡ泤϶ȥ
ÿһϵĹͷը
϶λ˵ǣҪս𣿡


250 Ǭת
ǣҪս𣿡
ϴѪȾķɣȾѪɱһ
Ϻ泤ϣɫȰɫɥҪ԰ס
ﻹս
⺷ȭȺٿͬ䣬Уŵϰ죡
˵λϣǺΤ룬ԳϣҲûսġ
Ϻ泤ϻڽסز塢Ĳϣǿ֮ĵĲһ۸Ĳ
߳һȵɱ
ɱָڣϾȻأڵأΤˣ£̳ǹն˽
ʧأǰսʱΤŵĶ֣ڸǣǹơһһǹϣţ뽣ն£泤ϱ롣
һ֮ˣٲܹвһͷԵڵأ
ӡ
ζ
űǰ߷ԸʮɵӣˣһܷŹ
ǣʮӣʿ㣬սŨǱҪɱΧߵʮŵӣʹŴң·ܣϧȴŭΧס
ЩΧߣȻֵߣʤ˶ڣֻҪһɵĵӣǡ
ӡζųȫðѪӣʹѣָеĵҩһԶϵҲϽͳеĵҩλʦܿɲ¶ʵɱһ߽Ǿǿս⣬˴һڵĽϣʦܶһٶõһʱɶܵõٺô
ΤҲЯĵҩǿõȡ˳ƵĺӣսʱɱһˣʹǱʰϵһ޳Ҳز
ս֮һǱʰ֮Ҫһɳ죬Ǳʰһ
ζᣬصԸӵĵزȻ̷ҩҲǲܣζӣҩҧ飬ҩӣɵϵ
žȻ֪Сһӳɣ֮ضеʲôǾûϵ㣬СΪƻΪʹȻ飬̾ϢʦܵȷǴС䣬κҡ
ζȴЩֻǲͣؽҩһһڵضɽҩӣζûиоʲô컣ûƬޣֻƽ£ѹ
УȴǴһƬʹ磬ÿһľʹ꣬ŵ˿Ϣ־ĿܳܵļϰٱϢֱҪʶ
ţʶɢ֪ǰѹեӵԭǿ岻ظԽʹ˿ʽڲĵÿտҲѪҲ治ˡ
ʹһһϮƴʶţţȥȥ
ͬʱϵʶһƪȴǡǬӡԺ֮еġǬת
£Ҳûж룬ʼǬת
ǬתؽƷнԿɣоתÿһתԪᷢʵر仯
ңǬתֻעԪע壬ǬתܰӣӦÿһת֮ԪҪ
ǬתǰתһתƤ⣬תѪתתתู
ҲΪˣǬתųƵǵؽƷ׵żħʦţʮ֮
֮ǰڣûоҲʹûпǹǬתˡçɽ׿Ǭͬʱ֮ʱǬתΪ¶϶࣬
һһţڴʱζɽ˵ҩҩڣӷҩֻ̫ɲǼ䣬㱻յøɸɾ
ζһڽһڣȴȻ㲻Ҫ
ĳϣͺҪɺԵɳĮҪˮܻΪޡ
ֱΤ׳ǿɽʱǿҩһӴԪ
ֻԪûȫɢȥɺԵӣĵλãתеʽת
˺ζɽȥĵҩγɵԪȫתĶ飡
תٶȣԽԽ죬оԽԽʹԽʹΪ˲ʶţ͸ƴǬת
ԶĽŲ


251 ˵
Ųˡ
һϳģǵʿҲϹ
֮ǰϹһֱûг棬һֱڿϷмһʱ̣ˣϰҪɱ֮ʱϹҪţɱơ
ϹҲӵϹƵ׷ɱ
ϹոռϣžˣˡɵӡϢ
ʱϹˣϹ徹Ȼ׷ɱɵӣǺѰ·ࣻϹ彫Ϣ崫ȥüʲôȡľٶͬʱҲйעսð֮ΥҪ콣ŵĵӣһɱʱ
Ϲŵɷףϰɴ£ϹûвжϹĵϣ£ض⵽콣ŵϴʱĪ˵ϹȥʮϹ壬ҲҪøɸɾ׵ס
ԣϹһʱ䣬ԴҪԸҰǵȫ˳Ҫ콣ŵӡ
ɵϹֳģȴűȫĽ֡
ζûϹһ·ˣȻŵҩأζ쵽ҩڿУûϵɣһֱӽҩ˽ȥ
ζɵҩǽҩϵȻѾԼ̷ҩζϲΪϵƺһЩҪȻôܹԼ̷أ
ζ֪ڳϵʶþžʹĥ
̷ҩٶȣ˵ǽҩҩգ䷢ãΪԪٶȣԽԽ죬ζ˵ĵҩԾ˵ٶȣȫ
ζվöʮӣҲЯĵҩȡպÿҪɱƷƷƣζ˵Ļָһŵ˵ȥǸˣˣͽŮɱˣûͷŮˣУϵĵҩȫó
ɵµʱЩʿѾͣǰʮ״ϹȻҴʿǰҪᣬǿԩ
ϹǰǻԶʱȵվס
Ϲͣס˲ӣ˵ҽϹ壬ǵĳûж⣬ֻܾܲЩ΢֮
Ϲ˵ʱڷ˭ϵʬ壬ҵĴ򶷺ۼжȡ
Ҫǻȥζȴ̧ͷ˵ҩҪҩƷƷһƷƷȫ£Ϲ׼ɣӻǷһ飡˵
ζ˵ϣ䣬ɱŨϹңøУɽʱϹйʹľޱȵĵζȻ
ϹϹ֮ʱסһǶ㣬˿仰ʵԣΪʵ
ǷϹһʱϹ˼ֻһ뷨򷶼ҷȫ
һˣϹϽҩ죬ѵҩȫ
ϹЩʲôҩ
ĵҩϿţζʽ϶˵ҲʲôҪĵҩж٣Ҫ٣
ԣϹ۾һת˼ƽϣæˣֳʮӣʮ֣ǾߣҲҪҳеĵҩˣĸɽǵǳ˵ṩҩʣȥʣµˣȫң̶ȥ
̶ӣǷҰǵϹѾɽǵĺ̶ӣҪģǲϳǻ£ϹᣬɵĻƤԳ̶֡
Ϲˣɢ˸һɶ
ɵӼû㽫ƷƷƷˣöʮӣŵ֮أ£ȫɾ
ҩѾûˣתٶѾٶȷûóϵľʹᣬأӣҲʼ˾ҵĲ
ζ״޵ӣסҩϾˣϾˡ
ԱһֱĬΤ룬ͻ˵С㣬óԪʯԣܲС
ζļܶ벻ԣæӴָȡԪʯڳ
ֻһƷԪʯշϣûԪʯͳ˷ĩζЧΪϲæԪʯȫóڳϵ
ΪԪڵУٴμ١


252 ԪԪ
ԪʯԪʯ
ζļǵؽţڳˣеԪʯȫͿˣﻹУ
޺ҲУֻҪṩԪĶСΤٴ˵ȻģȻޱȣƼǻˣ˿ٵؼȡԪʯԪδ֮¡
Τ֮뵽ԪʯȣΪǰ߹·һĩƾΤЩĩԪʯ
ζæ޺ȡϣõһöľϵ޺ˣҪŵʱΤѵС㣬ûвľϵʣľԪ²
ԣζһͣΪΤ˵֪ȫУľԪսȥȻû¶ǣЩ¶ȥԺ鷳ʹˡ
Щζæľϵˮϵ޺ˣӽָһὫ֧ٸӣţȴ˵ղΤ˵ֻҪṩԪľУʦ߽ԣ˲ǸպÿֱӸԪ𣿡
԰ζϲֱӾҪԪ룬ɸҪץסϵ֣ζȴڰԨܴսռϷʱȴ¶־ݵһĻ
Ȼζм巢ʲôζڴַԪ£òҪԪܶ־ǰģʦǣ϶Ҳܲ˵ġ
С㣬ôˣżζסе
ζæŶûʲô¶룬ôԼԪúãȻͻȻ˴Ǳʶ֮ԪǿܻӣɲҪ鷳
һ룬˵С˵öԣʦȫڿǱʶԪǱʶڴ£ΤҲһԵͷѡ
ζ˵һæʦ֣ȥҵԪʯɣӡ
ΪѣȥңҪػŴСʦܣһʲô£Ǻɲܳܵġ
Ϊ֮䣬Τ˵־ڴչְɣѰԪʯ飬
Τ֣лˡ
ΤһЦ˵һҪս֣ȻҪֺúõġ
ҩûˣԪʯûˣ޺ҲûˣڵתУֿʼɳһһɣеʹŴʮֹ
ڳϴСʹΪ飬ʮľ֮ʹüΪǿͣҪȻ˿ֻ̣ҲֲȥﻹʲôǬת
ֻһתÿڶתʱͻĪرǿƶϣԣϱػصŵһת
ţţϵƤ⣬ű仯ֱ仯ϸ΢˶
ζ߸˵ŻһһزųϵѪ
ڣѾַ졣
ʮʿС̣Ǯ˵ļ˵ֻ˵ҩ򣬸ɱۡ
ϹԴһڡɱڵس̶ӣϹԤϣŶʲôҲܣʲôҲˣֱӴɱ٣
ȻϹŻ֮ʱǽյĴţͻȻ˿߳һˣǳ̶ӵƹ塣
忴Ϲļʽһ𾪶ûУǾǴŴָָ˵棬ų̶еĵҩǸȥģϹ𣿡
ʱϹһüѿֱû뵽ϺҲõϢѸ٣˸ɴ࣬Ȼҵļƻȫա
ţ˵Ϲסҵ·ҪסңҸ͵ҩ𣿡
һԣϹΣֻÿǸƿǧ¶ϹͲˣŲ
һ˿ЦݣҪǰʱһӰĮ˵˵ҩԪʯ޺ˡݵһṩԪĲϣȫҪ
˵⻰ˣΤ롣
ʶΤ룬һ㶣֪Ϊʲô
ϹŲô࣬Ͻȵϣ˳̶ӣշɱˣɵҪԪʯأ
Ϲ˵껰׼ɱǰһɲǣʹ󺰵ҸеģҶ
ϹƴһѣȻҪնȥ
ΤһۣѵǾ仰𣿡
Ϲһ飬ֻóȥɱУ龪һΤ˵ٶʰã͵ȥ˵꣬תͷϹ˵ﵤҩԪʯӦòٰɣ
ȥȡϹҲа˿ԥ˵ΤˣҪԪʯȲϵϢʿ
ǺЩձ˵ҩĴС̣ûɵֱˡ
ǳ⣬ϹҲȥˡ
ԴԴϵĵҩԪʯ޺˵ȣ͸˳ϣڳﻯԪϵƤ⣬΢ı仯
ͷȴüСƺҪԪϣȥһ㡭


253 ͸Ź
ҹɫīoǡ
ȴҹһģȴֺ졣
žͽһ䷿ѼŵҩԪʯ޺ˣżһЩ֮࣬Ǵȫռģ̶׳УϹҲԴһ׶ա
ЩҩֶһƷͶƷҩԪʯҲƷӶ࣬ƷԪʯ޼޺˾͸˵ˣȫ޺µģ׶ٵÿ
ζŵ˶ϵ棬ڷػýЩľϵ޺ˮϵ޺ˣա
ԪӦתٶȣ𽥼ӿ죬ӶҲԪٶȼӿ죻ӦģʹҲ͸ǿңϿǿ־ûʶҲŻ˯ȥһֱšǬתһת
˿̣Ƥ仯ԽԽӾ磬ֻڲѪ£ζҲûз֣ζֻǲͣؽԪʯڳϵ
ζﻹţҪϹҲ㹻ṩԪ֮ͽԪ롣
棬üͷһΪƵڻûѵļ󣬶ΪɳŲӵĶʮӻ棬ǸϵʱѾȼ˴ˣȫһ߶ա
ŵӵûʲôŵǵľǣãʱҲɴٵ鷳֮һᣬʦɱһʮҵĵӣҪǾۼЩ¡
ռЩȣȣɱȣֻǼˣʦܷɱҲԹñˡ
ţǻ֪Ҫ£ҽ˾ߡ
ͬģϹ壬ڳҩԪʯѾһζˣɵ˻˵ҪңڳǸƼ֮⣬ŵˣ㽫ϢܣϹʱ䣬Ԫʯ
ҪʲôʧϹɾҪᣡ
˵Ϲڰʱ֣ͽӵţ֪ǸɵӣֻʣϹµ׷ɱ뵽ȻȥϷɵĴС㡭
ϹͽסȫٻĳȻǴɱȴôλСӶǣϹҡ
ƵʲôˣҪҲϹȻƺϹйϵϹ˼⣬ȴҲټеＯԪʯ޺˵
ͬʱϹҲͬϹһ뵽˶ĺ̶֡
ĺ̶ûеõϢϹصɽǵʱ򣬻˼ĺ̶ҲзҵһλϣǸ߽ټ̳ۡ١ͬ
˵ƾУϹȴ±Ƚ϶࣬ʹˣĺ̶ӵĻɱʹභȽ˵Ԫһʱ֡
ǣ̳ΣУҪˣǰҳϺϹȿսˣ͵Ѱɡ
Ϲ㳶ƣ˽ڣҳа⣬̳١Ҳ𾪲ѣ벻ǸСӣȻɵӣңΪ˵϶Ǻĵӡ
١뵽ϸľ棬ֽϢһڣȻһڱһСˡ
֮£١̳ۺͷҳϴСĪߣϺ󣬷ҳϵȻͬ⣬̳ļӰΣҲֻúʹСĪ뷶ҳԶȥ
ϹҪץסûᣬˣ١ûеֵʱ䣬̳ۼ״СĪݸҳϣ󷶼ҳϿΪµĹϣСĪһ
ҳΪ˿̳۵ģ·ӦүֱĻᶼûͱСĪߡ
ϹҲСĪȻ⴦ѣպһĻΧס̳ۣõ׷ȥ
;УҳˣԽԽСĪ£㽫֮һߣСĪǽŲˮ۾ǳޣϹǺƣүүծϣţҪΪүүһĻ
СĪΪ֮ʱ˳ߣ˳ȥ˵Ըѩޡ
󣬷ҳѣ١̳۽ԱնɱϹ˽ҩԪʯٶȣǣ
ǧ֮飬еĳǲ֪ζһҲǣΪԪʯ޺˵Ȳϣֽꡣ
ζʱĴͻȻһζ̧ͷ뿴ôˣȴܻʱ˹ȥ
ˣȻ˶ͷЩԪʯԼٶȻɷĩǾСӣ㻹һ̥˻ԪʯеԪһѰɣһ뿴Ժ㻹ʲô𾪵
˵ţͷס˳ϵ֣ϵԪڡ


254 ٱ
ζԣû˵ݷԪʯеתٶȣнơ
ֵʱͷ֣˳ϣɽԪ
ͷɫƵᣬΪֵ
֪һԪͷ򶨵ݣ˲ʧء
ͷоԪϵ룬ǳԪ
ңԪ͵ٶȣÿ졣
ԽԽ졣
أͷжԪ͡
ɾҪôʱȴ뵽Ȼжϣƿ϶Ҫһķɣڵ״ǳܲ˵ġ
ΪҶĪ˵֮ܽʾ磬Ǹµʣĺ׷ɱҪŹ֣
ôһ룬ͷ
;ɳϴսԪ
ͷ˵ţղŻ˵Ժֻ𾪵û뵽СͽҸסˣԶԪڻ֮Уǹ̥ҵԪľԻˮʣҲȲˣҵҪնԪֻ֮ʲôӣ
ϣͷԪӿʱʶռ䶼һ𵴣ִ𵴣һص𵴣ֱǽڵѪȫ𵴳⡣
һʹϵʶһֻһҪȥ
תٶȣһٿ죬ͷȡԪٶȣҲӵؿ죬ͷɫһپҸ߽Ԫѵã
ͷųϵƤϵƤѪڸ֮£Žɫɫ󣬲ǼԪγɵɫƤԴɫ󣬷·ǽɫһ㣬ɫĹâԽԽʢ
ͷ𾪲ѣȴǸоԼҪɢһ㡣
ʱǸԪۼתУʼɢԪͬˮ沨һ㣬һȦһȦÿһ䡣
һ̣ҲˬḶ́ǽʹŴ
ԪɨƤ⣬Ϲǹʱ֮ŰҲ֮С
֪УҲġǬתеĵһת˵תȻȻıֱתϵٴ谭Խ֮
Ԫ鼰Ӻ󣬳ϸоƺ΢СУΧŵﴦǸתƺѭĳֹ켣ȻϱʹຣУƴš
б鼰ÿһʱһɴδйӴӳϵڴʱ㽫ͷڵԪ˽֮
ͷһĺȻ˿־֮У˵ǰ𾪣ȴо£ΪܹʱжԼԪֻҪϾԪṩǹȻҲͲڣȻҲͲʲôΣա
ڣͷ֣þȫҲǿƲˡвԪʧҲֲƿ֮е£ͷľ塣
֪ȥʲôʱһͷԪȫˣֻʲô
˵ͷвϣȻͷƴжϣҲҺһ˳ϣóأһȴԼҲҪصĴۡ
ԣͷҶֻϱɸʬˡ
һ߽ȴԵŪ˵زҲǰ޹ˣˡ
ڣǿҵķ籩ȥˡ
ͷ˫һ̱ڵأϽס˿ѾѪƤϵĽɫѾʧԭɫҲٴҲƽȣͷһСӦû¶ˣʮ֮ŵԪûܽȹͷҪѪ
ͷζҪѹͷϽȥȥʱﻹ޺޵һ䣺СӣôԪծշǵ㻹ɣ֪꣬Сӣ᲻ӵ¡
ϵȫֹͣԪ͵͸Ѫ⣬ȣ֮ںһڿʼµѪѪ֮ǰڵѪɫŨ಻˵ɢһɵζյֱѪ
ңѵĹֿʼָݵľֿʼɣ
ϵƤȻָ˹ͭɫǹȴȫǽɫӲӵģʶռ䣬ҲʮŰװ׵ϸ˿
ʱζ˹ЩɣڻղʲôʱͻȻϵıһָ̡Ҳһ
ζϲӣӣˡ
ϲؽţζϵ촽䶯ƺ˵˵ʲôæ϶䣬þʮֵ˴˵


255 һ˵
ҹƹͨ
һ˵ȣζšΤ룬ɵӡϹһˣȫŴ죬Ŀ𾪣ȳȭնȺҪҡ
ΧϵͣǸͷ󺹡
ûʲôعֻһ£ǾǶӣװȫǴ⣻Ƕӵٶȣϲǳٶȡ
˵Τ֣ǵǵڼֻ𣿡
Τҡҡͷֻ֪Ѿʱˡ
˵ģ˵һݳĹҲ޵ˡ
Τͬ
ζڳϵԱߣ˼ţǰҲûӣôܳ԰ÿο⣬϶Һܸˣû뵽ԭӡ
Ѫʳж
û֪
ĳϣȻڴﵽҪѪǰ̬ڳ˵Ҳһ̥Ĵڡ
ǰʱʦĴ඼ǸһԹġ
Ȼûг̫⣬ԵҩҲͲʲôһ巢䣬֮󣬾Ƕûš
˵Ҫĥһˣ̿򣬶ǲһ㶫ֱֶʹй֮޲
ǵҩԪʯһģȫĹˣΣֻħڵ
ҲΪˣųһĻ
ֽһͷʳħ޺ʵ𣿡
ζлعæϹȵǲʳħޣֻҪԵħޣȫˣ
ǡϹĨһһѵ亹ȥʱ컹ûô䣬Ϲȴ˹ͷ⵽һʲô˰
Ϲ廹Ǻܸ˵ģΪϻˣǷϹһ飬ƾ飬Ϲܶ£ڼеλãҲһ
ϱ߳ţҲ߸оı仯۾Ҳܡÿһ˵òǵĶǵ˵ǵĺҲܡоõ
Щ棬ֱӳԺһ
ǣģʲôҲ֪ˡ
ϸоǴ˵еġǣּǵζ˵磬ǲģУҲ΢úܡ
磬ôͲأңֱǿ
Ǭתû뵽ҾȻʶ֮УǬת˵תҵƤ⡢Ѫ֮䣬ȫšǬת仯һתתĽอ
뵽Ǭת뵽˾ͽ֪ڽǬת˵ڼתνᣬҲ֪ܲ
һӴԪǺͣЩԪʯ޺˵ȣṩӴԪѵ˰˼ʱ˺²ͷȴڰƴҪʧԪ
Ȼɱأͷ߻ţС̫ˣ֪Ҿͳ֣ǼӸˣһʧôԪ
Ϲ彫ħޣȫɱˣʳ˳ϵĶҶһʣЩħޣһСɽ˰ɣôһѣĶôװ£
ǲ֪ϳԵЩ⣬Լٶȣת
ɫˣڳԱˣȻ󣬻ûеʵеʣһͷ˯˹ȥֽһȳϴƽȵĺ˲ŷ
һ˯졣
˲¡
Τǣ˵պĻᡣ
ϹĵҩԪʯִˣûЩ˴һϹǻȥѺħȻѾζµҩԷһôһΣң֪ϽָǿźڵҲһԪʯĴڡ
ϹҪϹ御һŬֺɵˣǰᡣ
Ϲܿڵֲ֮òؼ峤ؾһͬ·һڶȥϹ֮ܿǰʹؽǸªһߡ
ȻǵΪһδ˿Ȼ뽫ϢȴûܳɹϢһȥȻ󲨡
ǵĵһӦǲţȥ֮󣬲Ҳˣ˵ƣӦôǱʰϣӦôǱ۰ˡ
һڵõϢ켯Ĭ֮ǰǻ̫ӣʮҵһҲУһһ
ǣڡ


256 ½֪
һڣ֮ס
ȻȱʴӱţʮʹﵽΪģҲôҪһģȫɱģûС
һں쵼ĬԭǣۿҪгڣĵһͷǵɲˡ
ÿһνᣬһһڵ֮һΣǸһ䵽ɣرɵѾ׳һ̶ȣٸһһɷչͷͽƲ
֮󣬵һĵɽ壬ѯһ˵Ǳֻһ仰Υ棬پţ˾Ͳš
һָʾһڱ㰲ּƻһڱ˴ϣһˣΪǿߡ
˽֮ңر³ѪүүǿƳɳ̫ˣȥгɾͲ˵ҲҪܵӰ죬رǽҪʵеļƻ
ôһ賤ϷԸȥӽ꣬Ʊչأڰҹ賤Ϣɽֱ϶ȥ
϶ڸ˵ͬʱҲڵǣԽԽԾңԺ֮ʱֳңɵʵ½Ҫû֤ݣվס壬϶׼ŵ֮˵
ͬʱ϶Ҳ뵽ƿܻΣգʽ飬ɳֱ֪ȴʶȻ˵ƿ϶¶һڵλ֡
϶ǲףΪ֪үүų϶ȥ¶ͬҲû뵽үүҪͻƺͲѯǸ֯Ѿһǿ߱ƣѾȥ
үүҲûϵϻɳ֮죡
ϢԷɿٶȴţڴ˾ͽĶʱ˾ͽɡǬתĵһתϢϱֳܾȵӣʦڵţ̾ϢŶ˵ٵƾʣҲпܴﵽ־硣
˾ͽﻶϲţţİһǱſ˾ͽϷŹһ˿һʱҲǴοţνᣬڣʡ
ϢҲ·ϵڵӶ˳ڴ֮⣬ԵˣôŴƾǱƣ֮һôҪһĵӣ֮Ǹϲģô̵ʱڣͽ硣
⾪Ϣֻڱɸİ̽Խ˴
Сİڱ֮
ϲңҲ֪˱һƣʮҾһģʱѩȻΪĶϴ棬ʼΪĶӣɽϣǲţھŴפڱ߾֮ϡ
֮֮ʱζˣѾ뿪˳ڹĳһѾ϶ܣĥζһ
ŵˣΪΣֻôһ׷ȥһûжൣģΪ֪ζĿ꣬ȥһڣңΪڵʵѾʲôΣˣǿ֣߳
ϹϵȥȻǺϧ
ҵ֪һȺȻ뿪ҼѾƻɽǵʧҪһηУɱ
ʵζǽʲô
ζû˵꣬ס죬ת˵ǲŮˣҪȥһˣʲô¶ˣֵˡ
һЦû¶ҾϣսսԽ࣬ҳɳԽ졣
ҪζصѾˣֻҪһ֣˭ǰ۸˰
ǻװ˭Ҳʶǲˣ˯֮һֱܺãΪоԼǿ˵ͨƷͿҲһ¶Ƥһۼ£Ҫºۼ͵ƷУҲֻºۼѪ壬Ʒ
ֲûװҪǵ̫үүܶһεǾͺˡ
εϺȤæǿȥ򰡣ϹôԪʯһࡣ
ζһ۶εƷҩΪ𣿶ңЩԪʯΪ򵽣ζ˵ĻᣬֵǹҲ׼
Ϊʲô


257 ƴ
Ϊʲô
ζֱ׳ػصЩԪʯ޺ˣøţһֳ˲ǿܾ
ζϾʯĳҲһ飬ָ᣻ϹܿһĨٻӰҲԺǱߣΡ
ζȴ·ûϻһ㣬һĳϵļ˵ӣΪԺ룬ڿʼҪ취׬Ԫʯ׬޺ˣҪ׬ҩײ
գ۶
ζϲ˵ţҪڵңԺ󻹵ܣԼ㲻֪⣬ֱӽһٸˣʮ
ϵͷô˵һҪŬС
ȻˣζЦݣΪڻ˵˸ҡҲͬ
ʲôأĻˮƽģûҲ᣻ϻ˵͵һ٣ϲ뵽һƣ׼Ԫʯֶֿࡣ
ʲôƣ
ζ룬Ǵ߳һ·ϣʲô׬Ԫʯࣿ
ζĿһ£ȡԪʯʱ򣬶Ǵӱ˵Ĵָġţζͻʵӣ˵٣
ǲ٣
ʲô
רЩǿģ룬ЩǿĶǲ֮ƣȥ˳׬ͣⲻΪɣζ˵òã
ζտʼ⣬ô磬Խ棬Խ˷ܣŮǲٵˣǲǿӦҲһܺ顭
ȥǿܺͱһǾһ·ȥȵһڣǿ϶ҲһʲƱˣ
Ǻ⡣ζӺ޲ҵһǿȻǵѣźǵĲƱζΪ侲һº˵ǻǵûһװҪȻǿϳǾͲˡ
ϵͷʾͬ⣬Ǿ㻯һװճһѺӣٽͷɰɫ
ҪбεͺˣͺܷˣǣεҲ̫ˣ̫үүҲҵš
£򲻵Լˡؿڡ
ζʵֲεƷҩ
ڲᣬԺ󲻻ᰡˣһӦ㣬ҪƾյҲƷҩһΪƷʦġ
ƷʦûеҲ
а취˼ڵص׸Ǹ棬ʦµĵ飬յò鿴ûҪûеĻ취ȥš
ˣӣ㣻Ȳ˵ˣǾͰ˵ģȻһװһ£ǿȻǱһ·ɱȥζһָֻ̣ˡСħŮıʡ
˶жɣյ˾̨Ǻ󣬱ռһЩװƷִؤ̨֪ǲԶĺڷ룬һкڷǿ
Ǻζͣڷȥʱ򣬳Ѿһ׷꣬°ϵûжһѺӣΪζ˵ÿֻǽϵıӼӿüëóϴһ£óϸһʣóԺ׼ģҪЦݣɱ˵ʱҲЦ
ôһϵ˺ôı仯ƾŲرȥĻҲǶϲģͬʱҲû뵽ˣһƻѾƫ˴·һ׷ˡ
ζǴɴ˵ҪȴȡĺɴȻɴɴ֮ǰһɫɴһ£һԼ΢һ㡣
һһˣźڷȻûкһΪζ˵ܻЩǿֻ𩣬ںţȻͷڣҲڰš
ϦɽʱߵһɽڷҲֻдʱˣζ˵ӣǼһѾȡͽȺڷˡ
˵Щζ쳣˷ܣɱǿǿûа㸺θС
ζ˵꣬ϱ㽫ζס˵ʮ״ǿ
ô֪
һ߸ˣź·õýһôһô鳣˵ţȻζǰţ߱˵ţףס
˵ǰ͵һȣվס
ζǰ߸ˣ˵һģһζͻ뵽ʲôӣ񡭡
ϳ˵ͷ˵ʮ׾Ͳˡ
ζֱšǰǸѾ·ҿԣ˴·ƣ
ϷЦˣζҲ׿ڡĻ⣬ŴЦֱǰˣЦһһ㶵ġ


258 
ζЦˣ·ٵǿȴɵˣжţѵһɵӲɣ
Ŵ鳵ĴӺȵЦʲô
㳤úЦԣЦˡζЦŻص
̵ģ㾹ȻȡЦӣЦ˵ţ鳾ͳζϽͷԳ˵ɲ׼֡ζ˵仰ǰ϶ǳϳ֣һԿţǰЩΪߣǰ⼸ˣҲ߽ʦѣȻҪˡ
Цŵ˵ͷζԪһתһУ嵽ǰĴӣǺӱȼ֮ʣζ߳ն֮£Ǵӱ㱻ζ˽¡
仯̫죬ʣµǿ˴۾ٶۿȥǴȷʵ˺ŮӵĽ£ǺŮӻ˵ţˣͲôЦˣҪǽͷһյǾ͸ˡ
ҪҪСƥġ
ڣζϸһӣӵͷͺҵȼٸ˵һ仰ҾͰ㿾ˡ
ʱҲƳ˲ˣǲû£ݵһˣ˵֪˭𣿡
Ǻڷ˵ú˲Ƶġ
ζһ㶣ζ״Ц̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣û뵽Ǻڷû뵽Զ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
׸ղǱթˣŬһͦţȵ֪ǺڷǻҷڷֵܣɲĹǣ
ǆ£㣬һϣù̽ǡ
ζʮ˵ϵζĻһֱЦţЦ˸ĻŲѡ
ֵǣֻˣһϣǣ϶ֻ򣬽׽ȥ϶ǡһȣٵɱǰȥĶɱȥ
ɸ֮ܳȴ͵תܣﻹ˵ֵǣǼסһȥֵǡ
ƴܣţһȺɵӣ˺ǰЩ˿ɲһǣ࣬ǸϽ֮󼪰ɡ
ͷ䣬ӾͼɲסŲΪǰ棬ѾǸһЦݵİˣľת򣬿һתתȥֳǰ档
ת֮󣬶Ƽ·ԼӲˣ˺һȥȻӻûͷҺ𣬵عͷı˶ǸŮӻָ˵㣬Ͻ
ζûֻ֮ԣЩǿûбҲ˸ĸǰȴȥû𣿡
Ӹػ;ϴһɴǰɫ䣬һҧݣƴء
顱һ˵ϣשͷ߿޺λӢۣǴдҹ۲ʶ̩ɽðˣаʮĸޣǣҰɣҡһаǿ
ӹʱζһ㶣˵ĻɽȥһߣӾͷ˿Уֻζ˵ƭ̣Ҳ̫˵㡣ҿϣ˵ˣ˵⻰ǿһ˵ļٻǿնģ
ζһţǷӵĹôֵܵסĲҺţӲͣڵϰȲҺʧѾˡ
ʱ˵ǸᣬֻѾɹͷĴӣڲζʵͷ·ڷȥ
Ӹտʼû׹ζйͷǽ˭ζ򣬴һ㷴ûֱ˵Ҵ·Ҵ·
˱·ʣµǿֻˡ
·ϣζִӴӿе֪ڷûˣˣһн佫֮ϣ±⣬ŽǴȥ֮һһһˡ
ںɫҪ֮ʱڵ˺ڷ룬˺ڷѣζԴ˵ȥͬǣ˵ˡ
Ӳ˼
ζһȣ
ӸϽȥܱߴţʱǿǶ׷״˳ζȴȥζϲ˵ţ֪һƱջ᲻ʢ
һʱ䣬ǰվһˣȻڷˣվǰǸźɫ꺺ӣ
һǿʮ׵ľʱȵ˭ʲôģ
٣


259 һƱ
٣
ֻصںڷϣǿһ㶣ŹЦЦ֣ˣһһףһһŮܵǿ٣һȤĹ¡
ֹסЦʵȷûߴط֪ղʲô˼𣿡
ǵıȫһǾͰȫˡζϣһֱǸٶȣǰţǿǣֻʮ֮ˡ
ǿֿЦ˺ȵٶˣǾˣΪ˭һ˿һͰ⽴ˡ
ֻӣӮֻͻ𣿡ζЦ˵ǸòԾϾ˭ɵӣûǷʵôϺڷǰǴӣǱ˹ͷ
ǸŮӵΪֻʦѣĵôѵǸ𣿵ֿΪѵҵΪҪߣ
ţѾ岽֮࣬źȵվס
ʵҲ֪Լʲô磬ǵ˵ΪǳףʲôͻƣʵǴƾһȭҲһ֮ƾͷֽɫпɷ䷽Բʮ׵ȵȡ
ûͣЦ˵ǲǾԼȡˡ
ЦԴЦĵһûЦ꣬һȭ˹ȥٶ֮죬쵽ٵ൲ĻᶼûУȭͷؿϡ
ѪҲûнֻǽ˴ðģڵϣţǿȺУζһƷı߷ŻԪǿȺУƴɱ
Щǿûʲô˵ڷΪҲ֪˶˵ԣϳһҲ飬ȻϻЦЩǿûдһȭɵڵصľлعȭͷɳ
ȭ˵
ǿӣɸӳһϲȼ𣬾һȭ
̶һʱ֮ǿһ⣬ȫ˵ϵϣߵǰһţЦװˣƱɣˣ˵㻹ܻ
۾־ؿѪصսﻹҳһ֣Ͻ½ָϣϽӹָ˵أ
ûû
ȡ£ζһһ˫˻Ȼн佫ȴֲסټϳǰһȭҪĴ;ۼԪеֿ
ƴŷյľʹѾ˵֡
䣬͸Ͻرĵط˵˳
ѭŵطȥҵָֻϵһպȻûɳΪֱµӡ
һ̽öָһǧƷԪʯһƷԪʯƷԪʯûУһЩͽ޺ˣһЩҩݣҩҲһЩ
ζ֮Ʋ˵ôһôǲЩˣ
һЦҲ

ûнͣǺڷһƬǼǿ
ʵʵػصǿҲǿ㲻ϡ
תͷζ˵ǿͷֻһн佫˵ĹģܾۼôһЩƱ룬Щǿһǿֻж٣
ζһ˼ʱ˹ȵ˵ǿжˣ֪ǿﶼ˵
䵽˵زһһˣҪȥǿ鷳ʱƽϽ֪ģһһʮȫ˵˳֪޲ԣ޲
ʱ󣬳ζҹ̣ڷȼ˳棬ҲͶ˴֮УӴˣڷϣûкڷ
ӣ˵ڷҲ̫ΪʲôЩʿͲɱأζ˺һ鿾˵һޣΧһ
ϻصȨЩҶڶȥˣﻹЩǿңЩǿҷֵģǸްϹں𣿡
ЩɶңΪǲܣǿԽԽ࣬ԽԽ󣻼Ȼǲܣе
ʲô߶ţΪСζ𩶼ûֻܸųԣζʵӣһվȥ˭
ǰ


260 ɨҶ
ǰȺڷ΢ǿôһ㣬Ҳɡ
вǣ߽佫˵ĹģУ佫ǿʮˣ͵ֻʦΪ
ֻһϵʱ䣬ϱζץס𩣬
ն֮ʱζˣѾִ˲ǰѡ
ǰڣ󲿷ǿ˯ǵһ㶼Ͽţֻǿ磬Щǿܿ㷢֣һһӰ
ڰ˫ɷأǿԺĸ֡
һֱǰߣǿӦȵǵǰĵʲô
٣
ζЦ³֣ǿſЦζ˵ôһŻأ
£ζһ֣ǿȼһŻǿ󾪣ϽկȥܻߴҺ
ζҲȥǰܣĲҺԽԽǿѣȻ˳еĿ˹ЦеǾٵ㿳еĻҪժζɴ˵ѹկˡ
ʲôɱ¾ʹ˿ʼ
ζһ·ߣһ·ɱ
ȭնա
˹нѪʬ
ɱ¾ھǰҲŮ˳һңǾʧģɴ󺰵׳ʲô£ڻʲô
ˣ˵Ҫ٣Ѿɱǲֵˡ
٣Ǹǿ٣ֻˣǲǲǰȥеֵǶȥˡ
Ȳǰ˶һ𣬳ζѾɱ˽ȥ򿪴ţǴȴԶɿֱǡ
СǳʱΪ⣬˴ԽԽ죬Ŵ󾪣æȡѸӣͷϽӲӣҺῳ
顭
һײֱѾ÷飬ֱ˳߰˲߸ʮǿѾȴǱŰ壬һײ
ľˣɷǣһŰܽ˱ƵزҲû˿ԥȵһϣ˭ɱˣƷԪʯһٿ顣
⣬ǿǼȥü򵥣϶ҧôˣɱˣɱرǸŮӣʦߵİӣҲȥǰȻɱɣ϶˲ٵԪ
ЦǰȺڷϲ١
УζѾɱ˳ȥϸϣڻں
˵˫ȭѵ֣ǳȴ˫ȭɱֻ֣ǿһһӰǵӣɱˣǼֱڱ赸ֻ赸ݳġ
̶ʱ䣬н˵ǲκνתҪӣôӵѣֱӱϣһߵײǽǽϣβ
Ǿǽϣ±ɱñӣӲãƴû
䶨ǰֻбʬǱѪݹһ
Ǳʡ
һϵеֶöָҲ˵ܱߵλãȵȣȻҲһغ
ˣǰ
ڲǰһЩץƽ񣬻һЩŮˣϾǳʱһعڵϣͷлϸ㹻Ľңǿȥˡ
ЩȫҶǰ޼ҿɹˣҪųˣȴܾϽڲǰҵһЩ似һЩպгͷ֮ա
ҲһԼԺһභϾҪһ֮һڣǳΪֻǣڵȫ죬ֲͣĳһЩ˵ʵʵ̫ˣɾһѵ
ڷǰﱻ֮󣬽ʲôͻȰ˸ǿݵ㣬γ
νɨҶۡ
Щɣһ⣬ȫǰկƾ
ʮǿѾȥ˳˴µʱ䣬ǵջҲСʮȻɣɳջĲ൱ؿɹۣƷԪʯȻ٣ƷԪʯҲﵽǧ֮ƷԪʯһѣƷȻȽϵͽףȴҲòݡ
ңУҲкöζϼѵϣϲ鿴ĵ飬˼ҩģֻǣЩ١
ʮǿĸҲǿŻע⣬Σ෽ֻ֪Щ£һһµģ켴ϢҲʹ˿
ʱȺŭЩǿﶼնʱǿһڰ˫ɷ
ƫ׷·һڵǿǣҲҴ˷Ǹҳϣߵ·׷ȥΪϻһ𡭡
ЩǣҲ˵˺ڰ˫ɷĹ£Ѿʼڻɣ
Щ˶֪˿̣ζ˵ţЩǿǵСôˣܵôɾְһˡ
ЦطǲȥˣֱȥȣǸɣЩɣ϶Ѱұܻˡ
ãȥȲƽ
ȵһһźɫߵˣ˵һҪץסᣬȵԱպж


261 
ȣһǿɣǽǽнΪҲܳΪɵҪ֮
⣬£ԭǧǿл佫֮һ֮࣬ʣµҲǴʦ硣
ʮǿɵȫ𣬸еɣȫȣһǿȻﵽǧ֮
ϵЦݾûԽͶԽԽ󣬵Խ㣬õĺô͸ࡣ
ǿ磬ͬǿʳ
õǸɫ˵һҪץסλᣬǰͶǿɣȫȵȻٷչ׳󣬳һɡ
ڰ˫ɷе˼֪׼ȥĸɣҪܽɽʮ˾ͺˣĻȵ𣬾ͽˡ

˼Ǳˣǳȵʲô£
̽رڰ˫ɷȲʮ
ڰ˫ɷȻˣһ֮ЦݸʢһעȾһսˡ
ȥһ·ӺãԲѣ⣬Ҳݾߣ
ǡ
ڰ˫ɷһؾǱɷǵĵӣ֪ǧˣҵҲҺˣֻҪɱǣʩչһЩֶΣЩȣȫû⡣ɱﵣԣһ塣
ţתһ룬ô˵ˣЩʵģӲƴĻʧҲȽϴɽʮһԣǿɾ͡
Ӳø뵽⣬תңǺһ飬ˣɱﵡ
Įһɲ˵ϣٴʮ۷佫ߣɱǡ
ǡźˣ̬ҲʮֵĹ
ýϢ͸¶ȥ֪ɱˡ

˵ңɱ֮ϢҲй¶
𣬾ʵЩˣתһ飬æӣ˵ǣȥ졣
ȴڽ͵ڰ˫ɷͷܺãǿԽźڰ˫ɷͷǵľͻΥǵģ³֮ٴڰ˫ɷ
һ仰ҲĹؼ뵽ĺôһϹʹߴˣһ㣬
ƨϽ¡
ǣ
תߣʱ֮һʮˣȣҪɱڰ˫ɷ
ѡһƽ̹شвʱɫĹâɫĹâɱصʹߴˣȻǽ˫ԡ
һӵн˫Եˣʿ϶ϼѣôҲһţȴԸ֮£ⲻò˵͸ŹŹ֡
ŽɫɫâһһĲϣ棬ȴûаۼǰһģһʱߵַԽԽ죬֮£ɫѾһƬ԰ףȫǺˮ
һʱ󣬺߲֣ͣϥڵϣͳһѵҩȫ̷֮󣬶˵ͷϽʮ߽佫˵ǰȥڰ˫ɷ¶˿Ҫ˭˴£նģ
ǡʮ佫ȥҲֱ롣
˿̣ζ˵ţӣǸˣһǣһڰ˫ɷȻͷܣΪʲô
ЦЩǿɱˣԣǾӣͽסŷӡ
ڰ˫ɷҲ̫ˣﲻȡ˫˫ãһȺû֪ʶǿ
ǿǿжȻȡʲô
֪ûʲôñζ׿ȥŵ£ϲ˵ǿ϶١
Ӧ
û뵽ɱǿԳԶᱦҵΪʮսҲ˸߽״ʦľ磬ɽûһ꣬ҾܳΪ߽״ʦٶǰδС
˵ŵζͻס죬ų˵ȻҪųģӴʦ佫Żһʱ䣡
ζҪ֪ǰϻ˿еķֻζΪһʯ
ϸҪЦŴͻͣס˽Ųȵˣͳɣαضزأ
䣬ʮ״ĵطʮˣȣڰ˫ɷ죬ǵڣ


262 
Բʮ׵ķΧǳʶļΧʮ׷Χڣ˺֣һصӲգһֺĸо
ʮ˱ϺƣҲһȴҲų˿ԣڰ˫ɷ죬ǵڣ
ζȵڰ˫ɷ̫
ʮһ㶣Ԥ˶ԷֻܶشȴӲû뵽ôһش
ȵǿɣ

һ˵ţǆʲôȽɱ˵ֻҪɷɱˣɷ׽ȥʮ˾ͳˣ
˵ò
ԸˣҪ˵һϡ
ʮ˳Цݣڵ˳ȥζһԼЦǿǿΪԼʹߣЦ
ʮǿʮ߽佫ڰ׼Ҵĳ˵ǾǱɽߵĴڣĳ˵֮սɣɵĳ˵ܹƴһѣѪս֮ȻӲˡ
Ȼڽʱյĳ˵ʮ߽佫ֻһЦѡ
ʮǿɱ𣬽ɫɫâʩչ似ֻһȭ֮ɢԪеźǵԴ
ʮǿ׼ǱǿһĻˣڳϺ䴩ǿؿʱʣµ߸ˣͣתܣһƬֽŵĵط
ϵȻܣһЩǿӳȥпܻᱩ¶֣ȭɱ˵ϢȥĻɽǺǵΪ
ǿܵ˼˵ؿ죬ֱζһ㶣ǵӰƲһȺ˵󻰵ļһˣǵС
ζ˵Żֻӳ߽״ʦ֮ζԼĿƣΪϵʬ壬˻ҽţζشӻҽмöָϳϵĽŲ
ζĻȴĪضһ£üͷҲ𣬵Ȼ׷ȥǿɱʣµܵøˡ
Ͽǰ棬һƽݣûʲôɽï֣ܵжʮǿǰӦɻȴûзϡ
ǿƴܣȴҲܲϣһһȭͷ֮£ȭֻһ˻
ǰɱˣζںʬ񱦡
һˣۿҪܵĿĵأӳ죬һڶߣţ˶ߵķݣһȭɵǰ棬ˤ˼顣
ϲûǰȥͣζһǰߡ
ˣѾֻҪڰ˫ɷǱ㰴ʹߴԸĳ֡
ʱζ˵ʮǿ֣ͱһǴָŲٵԪʯһƷԪʯ
ζ˵仰üͷ͵һһΣյĸо֡
վλã󣬽һ֮µĺˣ۾⣬ţѵڰ˫ɷ˲ԾȻͣˡ
ӣôˣ
ûлش𣬶̽鷽Բʮףȴûзκ쳣ǹΣյĸоȻûɢȥһֱĸоر֮Χ϶ʲôΣڵ
֮£һ̽ȴһ
ӡ
ϿǰǾʬ壬˵ζվҵǰȥһ£ҪʲôԾ̽бܳ
ζ⣬ȴԹԵص˵ͷ
ûбܣΪζȫ˵Ѱ·ǣζİΣбϣϾͲȴˣУΣվ˵ġ
ˣǰ̤һ
ϵŸأһը죬ƽնöģȴǡԡ֡
ɲǼ䣬ǰľȫ
һ֮ǰƣǰǿһһķѵʬ塣
ԡ֮󣬳ϱڵɽ֮䣬ǰȫǴ۵ĵ⽣âһŨŨֲָ
⻹꣬ϣ¾ʯһࣻصףмƵض˷ʤ
֮ζģȴȫһ
ζģиƬźܶζвĶȫǽζ󾪣һ䣬ţ󷨣ʧǴӺδһóôɱ󷨣ҲƷ
˲ü˼ȥζܣܣ
ζôżññȴӡ


263 
һ̤С
ߡˣһղλãǱߣʮ֮⡣
ԣϲûз֡
ǣȴǿ÷һȭͽһ߽佫Ϊ£ڵأңӣֻѴ֮һ㡣
ȻЩ߽佫£Ҳһ̲ˣʮ߽佫һӦҪѲٹ˼һСƵġ
ȻϢϷֱɷһǻǲţΪѾΪΪЩǿΪģ
ɲɷˣǱ϶ɣ
ѸٵأУռϡĸλãȻŨŨȴֻܿȲ׽ᣬɷһɱֻҪɱ˰ɷǸɷֵ
ͻɱ󣬸տʼһɲȷǱݺݵؾһѡ
ɱеĵ⽣âʵʣԲСĿȸ߽佫ȫһǿģԴﵽнȵĳ̶ȣǿģϰʩչնƵھʽҲԶ
Щʯش̣ʯôҲǧĸشƷһȽϣҲ͵Ʒġ
˾ɱ֮󣬱˵һ󣬶붼еĽ֡
Ҳѹֺʹ߱𿴳ɱﵣҲ϶ϱɣ
ɱ֮УеǾȥʣµֻ򶨡
Ҫĵ⽣âϲû֣֮ǰδ飬ԵСڤڤϾǰЩͬʱĴҪΣա
Ͻٶȷӵ£˵⽣â˾ʯش̣߶Ĵ쿴֮ܲ߳ء
˿ϵľٶ۾ٴα⣬ôŨɷȻܶһ˲伴ĵ⽣âģ֪Щ⡢ʯĹ켣ǰܡ
ʲôзκˣʶɷȻӵʶΪ
ֺ룬ʵǣ½ϣ֪ģʶֻǿߣӵУǾԲܲġ
ˡú˾֮⣬бǰɷٶȣ˷ϵ£ǵصĹȻðɷȫˡ
һ˵ӵܹԤ֪һЩʱ䣬ܼĹҲȫ
ƫƫЩȫȻá
ˣ
֪綴Уǹ޿ײ룬಻Ȼϲȫĥģǲһ㡣
УתԼʮӣȴûҵȥĵطоȥȫȦԭ̤һ㡣
˼ΪֹȻû˵ɷֺüͷһ壬ִһЩϣУλ÷˴ԪʯЩԪʯȫƷԪʯ
ʱڹʢ
϶ڳȥû˿ͷҲͲ㣬պڹӴ󣬳Ȼûа취Ǿ֮ɡ
£ϱȭ
ȭͷе⽣â⽣âʱɢ
¾ʯһȭǧľʯ÷顣
ص̣һŲ£̱ѣҲ΢΢ҡ
ȻЩڻ˲˳ϣǳȴһ飬ǵ⽣âǾʯ̣ɢ֮󣬲ʧޣһٴ
ʵ֮󣬳ԼԪǲ׶ãȻĹͷɽɫ֮岻ֱ֪ǿ˶٣ǣЩǿȸ߽ĴڣһһǺü
Ԫ㣬ʢ֮ʱȻõģһԪ㣬½ǣ֮ǾĺΣˡ
Ѿ׼һһ·ȥҲеףʮǿԪʯҲ٣ȻԪʯƷʵ̫ˡ
һ·ƵľٶֱúˣٴδسһôĹȻɷȭͷͽˣǽ£Ǵɢˡ
⡭
ϵľֹȫ˵ֲ֪ãֲúڰ˫ɷڶ̶ʮǿɣôԭ˼ʵġ
Ҳǻˣ̷ҩٴϣٰԪʯҾͲţԪ޾ֶ֧ʱ䣿
⣬Ѿץζļ˵ţܣϽѽЩϣȫУ棬ǰĴأȫһˣ
𡭡
߽ͨӿʼΡ


264 ɱ֮
Ϊɱðɷ֮ҲܣŭƴȫҪϣĳϵԪմﵽĽ֡
ɾʱдؿʼ
һֱúٴξ꣬Ĳʲôɵġ
ۿȥ㿴һֻӴܣֻýŶأȭЩϡ
˿ôû뵽ڰ˫ɷֻһŮӣһ°׷üӣôһȻħ޴ڡ
߽ܣ
߽ǵĻôշģ
ܵж
˾岻ףǰľƣеˣǰ룬ȫ¶µɱûдﵽԤЧ滹˸Ĺڡ
ͬʱҲе㻳ɣǸɷ֣÷Ůҵأ˿ŮӶԡҲоģ
£Ŀɲ࣬áϡ١ݣֻҪܶģӦеͷǡ
ɺʮ߽佫ɱ˸⣬ҪȻϵƬ̣ǽǺɷץסưɷǾܴﵽ°빦֮Чڡ˵üͷýڵֲܷɢʹɳ˳ȥҲԸܣװ׷ɢ
֮ôܣʵΪɱȻαȽϼ̣ȽϷ򣻿һеĻǶǽڴϵġ
һƬضˣɱûˣôڵˡ
޸֮ľտήԴ֮ˮڸɺһ㡣
Ψ֮ƣֻܳƳ֮ǰϧۣ֮ɷ跨Ըܡ˴⣬ǰ˵й
˵꣬˼òϡԪʯȣȴɱУԳϽй
ɱ֮ڣҲо˴صĲûܵ޺ֻڵžžȭʯĺ¡֮
أ
ϲ֪ǰЩ⽣âʯζȴҲ뵽ؼ⣬Ȼܹоص𶯣˵Ӧʵģʵʵڵģô
뵽һȣ
Ԫ˲ںһһȭ˴ϡ
һȭظɽǧ㡣
ʱֱúߵһľĸо
˵üͷһһ𣬡ȻȡܻҪɱ󡭡Σӡ
ǣٴж
еĵ⽣âٴͣҪƵóϲҷȥء
ǹճЦݣһֳȭӵڵĹһӴָͳѴѵԪʯʼȡԪղһȭûио˿ɣǰЩʣƽһĹͷȴоκβʡô˵ǰǸƵ뷨ǲǿһأ
Σյľ֮£ȴܷȥЩ飬߶Ǹ뷨ǽԼڲʹһ̨ףԱ㰴աǬ塣
󣿡
ϿǰĹ۾һ¡
ͻȻԤ׵أתб̵شһȭ
ȭͷɢ˽â˾ʯȻݺһϡ
һҺ
ʶȥӦȴ񣬷·ûгֹһ㡣
ղҺġĹת˲Ԫڱγһܡ
տʼǹâʢһЩâײһ𣬻ܾʧȥɫ
˲䣬һâٿسֱ֣̳֮
һأûۻܣѸתûоȭǵâָצץǵââȷڲͬâɱâʹ似
צץʱϲﻹСӣȷģȻնͷΪ϶
ǣеĽĿ꣬ȴû֮еѪ۶ɵĻ档
ǣıƷɷץ
˲䣬ʧȥ˶ԱĿơ
ķӦҲǷǳݣ֣˽С
Ҳֵһϳ齣أһϢʱ䣬Ҳϸ˳
ʵʵıĨЦ⣬Ũ
ղһϵΪȫΪ֮
ٶȣòۻܣʹܵĹâֻҪԪȻٴγɣƫƫûУȵľǲڰеˡ
Ҳζ˵ģɡ


265 ޵
ûΨһ󣬾ζڵľ
󣬹ǿǾ˵ڿƣȻ˿ƣǽɱˣɱ󣬲Ȼ𣿸ղһһȭûҲˣԱ޹֮
ϱ߼ȡԪߵֵ˼ţУɱȻ󣬾һͬΪܵҪԪɣǺĵԪṩ㣬Ҳơ
ֻǣһԪ㹻ȴǲֵô๥ҵԪģҲܴƴԪһߣҵԪԵĳ㣬ɱȴҲΪҵһδ
˼䣬ٴδҡ
ȴܵζ֮ڿеЩ󷨲ϣ󷨣Ҫ֮ѣأ˵Ƚһ㡣
ζĽ⣬֪ڣˣȥһƣԾ΢ֺ֮ףȥ۴ӣΪ׸֮⣬á
ԣζ㲻ͣشߴܣƻء
ܸͨоζĽɫâδɢһȭһȭڴϡ
ƴ֧ס󣬿ܵĹʵ̫ˣֲ
ɱ֮ڵİɷӣȻûаƣӣղŵĹҲԪûһ˥ߵӡ
һ㣬ʵúѪ
ɷٶȿ죬ˣɷܽâɢܽʯ飬ҲˣԪ޾һ㣬ú˼ƻһա
ǳջɱһ֣޵
ѧ޵֮󣬲֪ɱ˶ˣ˵һн佫֮ʱɱһΣǽԪľġ
Խɱˣ֪޵Ǻε͡
ʮȥˣڵѾǸ߽
Ȼˣ˲ûжԺڰ˫ɷа⣬ǲ޵
߽Ϊ޵ǳҲҪøزеĽ֣ȴκβɷֺ
˲ջ𣬻кڡ
֪ĽԲڰ·ɱȵڰ˫ɷǰǧˣǿɲǳصģڵıǣǸ֮ʵֲˣִеҲʧܡ
һ㣬Ǻڵĵط
Ϊ޵ɱ˰ɷôģ
ϧϣǼƷʦҲڵ
Щͷں˵Ժһ
켴۾ֳģǺݶҲǵᣡ
𣬲Ǿֱ֣ľս˼㣬ıƷˣͱ˼ңֱץסˡ
ң𿴵÷ֻץϣûʲôʵʵһֻơ
Ѫ֮ץסƷ
˵ʲô
ʼΪɱﵣ˻ɣɶִֻҪûҪҲͣعҪɱУҽ죬ɡ
ϣоشһһ𶯣ҲµܵĹͣ⣬˭ôңŴصҡزԲʮ׵Ĺе⡣
Щĵ⽣âоʯеڰϣûĺֱɢˡ
ɱأкܴĹϵ
ôδùĻԪָٴαĴָ֮ϣһԪ룬ԪָɢȦϽ
Щ⽣âԪָɢĹȦ󲿷ֹˣʣµģԳǿ첻ɰ˺

ٴüⷨ𣿲ܣǿķǰΪʲôãΪʲôڲãɷ˭
ǰָ˸һ£Ҫɱɷѣ
ߣһߣһ˵ԽҪṩԪҲԽҾͲţԪ޾
˷˺ݣָƷԪʯԥأһԶȫ棬Щ֮࣬ȫĵأͶ޵С
Ҫ첻ˣˣȻ˼ɡ
˵ϣôΣյ֮£ûʹûԪָΪϳԪָٴһڵĶɱ֮
ڣóˡ
ǾͱţЩҪɱˣЩԪָˣ
ˣȻй©ܡ
ţִӴָȡһ
Ǳǡؽ


266 
ؽһ
ǰڹӵһ
ƫƫЩ⽣âؽ֮£·ʧȥ˹󣬾һ㡣
ؽ𡢺ߣһȫ
۾ֳ־֮ɫ
֮
ֻΪǶϳɷ˭ʲôˣ
Ǳˣǰһӣ÷зǸƣǸɵƣǸɱнȭɱϰơ
ЩϢǻ֡
Ǳʰϣһ̬Ǳʰ˳
Ǳʰһģǰ޳
ơ
ҪģƲǱʰ񣬸Ǳ۰İߡ
һǱʰǱ۰δй֮¡
һƣһǱʣһǱֻۣҪɵӣ֪Ǳ۰ǱʰҪ߳һ
ǱʰˣǱ۰
ôǱʰռλãȻȥ
ƣȻռ
Ϊʲô
һΪλΪأߣڲ²š
Ǳ۰˲ֻ࣬ʮˡ
ƣһٶʮ£Կ
˵ƵͣǱ۰֮ϣСġ
Ǳ۰ϵ󣬶ڵʮλ
ʮˣոм䡣
ȻҲ˵Ǳ۰ϵˣһǱʰпǱʰϵˣΪ飻رһŵģҲ˵ǰһڵ־ŵġ
Ǳ۰ϣ֮ǽƵ֮ս꾡꾡ʹûпǳս㿴Ҳһ侳֮С
УǰѺɫĽܹϰնƵҲնĽ
Ѻڽ˿޵ɱ֮еİɷС
ԭȻֲ̿оȻ᲻ս⡣
ɷȻƣֲôɱǿԼ˼ɵ˼Ǻɫ£ѾûаѪɫüͷΪ£ɷ¶֣ǾζţҪɱˡ
ӣ
һں˵Դ˱ˣˣ޵֧Ųһʱ߽ڲ࣬ûӵóȥ
Ψһɱƣл·ֶ˵ƵߡԱ
һ㶡
˵ȥ˵ȥ
ҲǱˣĹؽڣ㲻ԥС
ٿϣ֪緢˺µĳϣһѪؽϣؽйҲй죬ҾԿѵ似ƴ󣡡
ѵ似ǳۺ˽ʦĿʮʽмѵʮʽһ似֮ǰǿʱ
ԲС
ԪԪ߿ʼںϡ
Ͼؽ
˿̣Ȱ˵ţǶӲȥɣ˳ȥˣһᵱԼļտʳǣԸģҾͽǱƷǡ
˵ģ
Ե档
ãϷ£ϣղ˵ģĿҲ㱨⣬ⱾҲ봫ҵӡ
ϵܣģҾ˵Ȱ˵ЧֿѾؽҪɱ󣬱Ըϵܣոնؽʱ͡
ˡ
ݹŵҩ˽˹һȥʹ
ںѾȫҹעؽ֮ϡ
켴һȣѵأһʽ
ϴ֮ʱڿХ
źХ
ؽɢ⣬һնգһնڴ֮ϣ
䣡䣡䣡
¡ʱɳʯ
汻նһѷ죬һֻ޴ħޣʿ˶һ
иžиЩ󷨲ϣһ㣬׷ص¡
޵ıԵһ޴ĿӶзԲ׿ס
ӶȻܵĹ͡
ˣΧĵ⽣âʯ̣Ũȫɢֻ̳
޵ƣ
ˡ
ʱƤ͵һ


267 ľ
޵ڳܵл֮£Ƴ
ܻڶ
һ˵˴ʤ֮£϶ɡ
ңʱϸոʩչУԪģµԪδۡ
ɢŹâıȦҲɫ
ؼʱԱ
ò˵ȷǾʱ
𣬾ǺˣҲһԱϣ
ٷʮŵĿܣƣͬռǱʰǱ۰ţͽڴˡ
ȻԸ⿴ǰٷ֮һĿܡ
ͻطǰ
ϲǸճ׼ҴʱǸСӣǻԵĥΪһССʤ͵ΣȻо裬һеĽ䱸
ûУһжûУһֱڷţ﷭¶ϡ
ֻΪ˼Ժúã˱֮ĵĳǿߣڳϸն¡ѵصһʽʱ򣬾˳ϵ
ţ󺰵Сӣһɣ
ʵոսֻʮ֮ʱϵĴڣֻӲϵƤ͵һȼ˳ϵ
ٶȵ湻죬ɳϵٶȣ졣
ոպǾ仰ԪҪԱʱѾعӣڵиȫ濪ǿﻹһȣԼɣʱ򣬽ԼҲԪʯ
ηĻҲӿһɲĸоҲʲôԼԪʯ֪ϻʲôӹԱ
ȴǲŵѵ
ʯ֮䣬ϵȭͷ˲ԱؿϣϿûһȭ֮ɼ顣
ѾȼԱߣǣϵȭͷˡ
оҪըԪȻһʧˣʧøɸɾӰˡ
߻ڣȴûԪ
Աˣ
㲻ҪԱ𣿡Цʵ㱬
˵ţһȭȥ
־嵽˼㣬ָųϣ㡭㡭
˵㡱֣ϵڶȭҵ
һأûôõûԪ֧ŵĳ磬Ȼֿ˳һ֮
ʱֱӱмõǡ
ϴȭһȭ˳еԪڶȭҪ
ĿɿڴؿһĻ档
ٷ֮һĿܳˣǰǰٷ֮ʮŵϣȫ˿һôû
벻ףɷƣôƵһԱ
ǵȻ֪Աɲ٣ʮɽϹܿʼм仹нԱңֻǴһȭǸ뵽ϻԪȥ
½ϣɴûгֹ
ǰϾһȭ֮£һԪһΣתԪ֮ʱֻǵһλתǻµĵһ䣬ŴСһУתš
ԣһȭܴﵽЧ
ȻˣзֹԱһվһߵζˣ˵ȥסܡ
ûлعϵ磬ƵĴ˵һоҪӣӵԶԶģʹߴ˵Ļֲòе뷨
Ϊʹ֮ĺء
ܺǰһӭϣˣȻζȥ
ϳƣȻҲǺɷɵĴС㣻ҪǣɷƵߣƵѨ
˼תÿ죬ƻúá
Ҳǰ׸ģȻҲЩпܻץסζв
Ǻںζȥʱȫ㣬غˡ
ͬʱﻹȵѵأһʽ
似ơ
ղųϱһУ޵ˡ
޵似ȻСӣһУû㹻Ľ
ԣٳζȥһߣ׼ȱܹһ似ȥץסϵѨ
ˣˡ
Ȼûдը죬ҲûдҡɳʯĻ档
еģֻǳϣӿ䵽ǰ
Цš
һӾ׵׷ʲô£ŭֵغȵң
ľ㣡


268 
ľ㣡
Цݲõ˵Цݣһͷ׷ĳ£Եø
仰ǶԺˣ׵׵ϷŪݺݵش
ø߽Ȼһ仰ˡ
ҪǴȥĻ˲ҲҪԸ
һУԵƵ̫ˡ
߽Ծ
Ȼȴܿƺ飬ŻҩζȵΪʲôҪ
ΪʲôЦЦΪеЩɻ𣿡
ôųָⷬ΢΢һٴȣôʲôĿģ
ðɣʵ˵һԪʯ̫ˡϽ˵ķӦ۵ס
ش𣬺˸ŭˣԸǰһ𰸣һ˾޵ţɻԪʯʲôɾ͸ʲô
ԣ˵ʵ㵽õʲô
۾˳ˣЦ⣬ҲҪģ㵽õʲô˵ǵõʲô
üëһصҪɱǣҲҪɱ㣬˶ѡ
ԡ
Ŷ˵õʲôĺˣϵȤȤͣϵķϻҲǰδеض˵Ҳ֪õʲôһ·һ´ˣɲ١
۷ž⡣
ɣһºô͸оһأǵʲô֯ĸʲôĿģԨǵӰǵӰӰ
ЦţһһȴԽԽȣȳ˵֮ʱ˲ָųϣ𾪵˵ԭ㣬ƻˡ
˵ȴͻر졣
Цݸʢңֻǲ֪ƻʲôƻ
ҡҡҡ˿ֻӶֹסزƱ֮һ
ʱʱصͷƺڹ˵ȥƺк塣
ڲ١ҡˣȽϼ˵˵ˣܡܡһ˵۾
Цţ벻ܣ˵ˣ˵ʲôأ
ֻҪ㡭ңҾ͡㡭֯ĴܡΪ仰˵ȥ϶ǰƵȤ
Ȼ˿ƵɫȷȤ˵ĻȴǣҺȤ֪׼һʲô似Ըң
ˣľˣȴΣ˵ʲô
˵ʲôõ˵ʲôֻҪ֣ȣľһв𣿡Цš
ʵڲף֮ȴǻԪ׼ƴһô֪ģҲװȥ͵һ𣺡ƣ벻ݵϷȻ㿴ˣˣһУ
ǹȻһ·ˡ˵ţؽ֣һʽǿҷնڶʽһ˽ӰֱŰΧϺʩչ似
ǰ󲻽ķ˴Ԫʯ󷨲ϣڵԪҲʣ޼ƣȻŸ߽ΪԳһȴǶ֮
ҵҪЩˣʲôӡ
ؽâ಻ȥ˺ϵ·ӣҪȥߣ˼²Υ޼ƿʩһޣҪԱᡣ
ûдʲôҪᡱǡԱһĻֻĬĬسػҪڳĬб
ٽ˱˱Ե
ĽӰȫʧ
ȡ֮ģһֻȭͷ

ţ
ͬʱһ֡
ȻûбըֻǺ˲ÿ־񣬡㡭㡭ҵġ
ܣһҲЦţоԽԽŨԪȴԹǰôķôԪǿϧˡ
ۣ
Ѫˡ
ȴδ˱
⡭˵ţȴߣȴЦˣЦ㿴ҳʲôģģ
һңȻûнƤͷһ𣿡
ûаȻ˵һ˵㲻ɱҵġ
ŶҵǺܺ棬֪ҵܣΪʲô᲻ɱ㡣ջȭ̱ڵأӣС˽֮һһƤǡ
Ϊ֪Һ浽һʲô֯ʲô


269 ڶ
˺аգƲɱ
ΪΪƿ϶֪һʲô֯һʲôһлᡭ
ȻһЦȭͷһֱ֮ն˺˵˫ȡ
˴󾪣˵Ϊ̣Ҿͻ˵
֮ߵ˫ն䣬˵ҶǸȷеȤǣҴûҪ˵һʲôһҾɱһһ˫Ҿɱһ˫ңϣԽԽá
ȻƲ֪ʲôûеˡ
֯Ź㣬֯϶鵽ģֻҪ鵽㣬ھͲԶˡ
֮ǰܶ˶˵Ƕˡ
ҧ𣬿뿪˵أϢȥУƻ
ﵽˣҲ˵ȥһӣ˱׷룬һ˵ԴðһѪˣȴûһѪ
ûȥˣô߽ܵĶ֣
ӣϽϸϸһ飬ֵõһöָԪ룬öָĿռ䣬߳߼
ȻûԪʯҩ޺һࣻȴǸղű˸ĵøɸɾˣָֻһ飬ĸ֣޵
޵̧ͷǰǸղǸ𣿡
ʱζѾܵ˳ϵߣϽݹȥζ˫۵ʱŵô󣬡޵޵뵽˲Ŷԣû뵽ҵ޵Ĳ֮ӣһˣ׬ˣһ޵󣬾ԵֵùƷԪʯ
һɱ֮ͷʾͬԼȽǿǿֲߵ·ӣ˸Ͳһô˵ˣ϶ᱻС
ϵõ޵ĵһ뷨ȥԸĳˣ뵽ԺԲ´Լд
Щ˵ʲôͷȻ־󷨶УҸԸǿζһ䣬ҲüͷȻֻµ˱ɽһǣȴҲоӴԽǵӰӣҲУǴ᲻Ҳǵټ
ңϿ϶Խ뱱룬ֻЩֻصûѡ
˭֪أȻ󷨣ǾͶȥ㡣
ãǡζʾ˼ĸ͡
һߣ˱ܴú޻֮˾Ͳ߽ܵĶ֣ٿˣ͸ʰˣĻʲôս⣬һľӣȴӲ
ܣɱǣͶӡζţѾǰȥ޵ЩûлٻĲϣȫʰ
ζв䣬ܾһХһƳȥͻȻȵԴ
ʱƵһ£Ϊץһץס۾־嵽˼㣬ԥҪҪԱʱһֻáꡱ죬ӣˡ
һô˻תӣζѾˡ֡
ܱŭӴȻڿնǳֱоһ޴ĺӰ֣أǳ̧Դ
Ȼ󣬳ľһֻ޴ܽţҽлûкܽžͲϣӣʱͱȳԴúõġ
󣬳ζţζĴָԱߣǰһУղŵսͲ岻֣ûоɥƼңңһǿġ
ϽõĲ϶ʰֽ꣬˵Ĵָѹε˵Ĵָɲ٣ر𣬾ȻָһָװƷԪʯħ޵޺ˣһָװǵҩݵһ
ڳҪȥ̽һ˵ĽָʱȴִָĽһ鶫죻֮ȡ˳켴ִԼĴָóһ鶫
ڳǰģƣʽ״һֻͼЩ𡭡
˼⵽ʲôƣʲôһжٿ飿
һʣڳϵԺȴûд𰸣ֻýַ˻ȥպ
һжú󣬳ٴαɽ֣Դζȥ


270 ڶ
ڰ˫ɷˣ׼ãһ֡
ǿǣ߽һһӰľս
֣ȥڰ˫ɷˣǸô죿
ǡǿתɿȥ
ղֶȺ˵ұ£ǧˣֻȹһǾն˺ڰ˫ɷԴ
⻰ǿģԶ˶
ͻأһǿʧغǿ쿴ǸɷԴǡǡ˭
ǡǡϣСȡȹ
˾ͷܣнڰ˫ɷǶ֣ңǵĹԣǾǹԴ
䣬ǰȥ־ܹ˵͸磬ˣڹ档

⡰͸硱ǿʱؿԶɷԴ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥһ𣺡ǲǹԴ찡ô
𣬾ǿǻعûеڶתûܣָӺЩֻһ⣺Ǿƴӣ
˵ԴĿľڴˡ
Ȼϲ֪˵ľ֣ܺǸһнΪֿ϶ͣЩ˽кšϲ֪ԭĻ㡣
ЩǿΪǺܸߣϾǧˣŽһ£ƴֿǺЩ鷳ԴʾЩǿʿûˡ
ټ֮ȺףʰǾʡˡ
ûúֶΣǧǿϾɱȵ˭ӣ˭
ص
еǿںڰ˫ɷͷһеǿǱŽҵӳȥ
ȻǰģûܳͱϺм
ȭͣȭ
ȭ̺ҷն⾳
ʱһ֮࣬ض
һɱֱǧǿڵ˸Ҷٿһ
Ȼǿ˹Դûо忴򶷹̣ûֱ۵Ŀ־壬һٶˣȭȥɱ¾Ѫȣǳ׼ʶ˺ڰ˫ɷǵĿ־ҲԸӵĵز
һ˶ǧˡ
һǧ˾塣
Щǿ˻ϸֶ¶Цݣ⸱ղɱ¾ʱ飬ȫˣֻϵ˵ģһٿƷԪʯʮħ޺ˣٻݡҩһࡣ
ǿ˵˵֮ǿǿŵģһӾʵأصһƷԪʯУϸ
ϵЦݣʢˣܵͣǣ϶еǿõóòô죿
ղźһƷԪʯǿȺУ˲岽һͱǿӺɱ˻ͷɱˣͬһǿģǳ⣬Ŭ۾ʵΪʲôɱң
ԲΪȥ
˵꣬ǿȻԪһնֱۣŴӼֻ֣ȡָϵĴָΪʲôҪɱŵȥ
ǿɱû˾ȣǶǿ¶˭Ҳû
ǣǶĿ⣬ͶǰһˣҪǰɷô˵
ЦɣҲôģֻҪ˭ҵ˭ͻŴ߳ȥ
һ仰˵ǿķˣЩǿͬҵһ֮·㣻Щҷǿ羪֮
ǸɱԼͬǿһӾͱʮǿΧɱ
ƴɱȵÿһ䣬СѪɱ¾ϵǰԪʯȻϽˣɽȣѾǧ࣬ۿҪɱ¾Ȧ͵شӣûôףָ
ǿ󾪣֪㲻Ͻƴɱһͷȴ߰˸ǿؿ
ѪȵĻ治ͣݡ
еǿָûȣͱ˿ˣָҲȥ
һ鴢ָʮΣʮΡ
еǿţôָñԼȴûǽڶľȫڳϣ˵ӳȥ˻һ㡣
֮ĳΪһϵļ֮С
ζվ˳ϵߣ˵ӣ⡭
о˼𣿡
ζ˵ͷȴͻתͷʵӣһ죬һطֻһ˻߳ȥô


271 һ
ζһʣһƬҶˮϣȦȦ
ϿŹѪȵɱ¾û˵
ζЩʧʱ򣬳˵һǸطú߳ȥ
ϵĻشζ۾һʵ䲻أΣ
ϻعͷζһһ˵Ϊ㣬ƴҲ顣
ζĬһʱ䣬ɱƺʧһ㣬ֻ˵ĺĽɣͬƵʡ
֮
ζ˵ңҿܺ䲻飬ǣһš
ζɵĴС㣬ֻǡ
Ҳɵĺĵӣңڵҵĵλ㡣
кܶҪ
һ㣬ģۺǡ
Щ飬ѣǾһ
һ
ɱ¾Ӿңζ֮գҲǽŵ˼㡣
һ絶˵һ
仰ѹڳʵ̫ˣһ߽ΪһˣҪΪԼ¸𣬾Ҫȥһϰζߣ̰һ飬̰ζ
ǻԥԥýգ˵˳
ΪζǽԸ񣬾ͬ½ĹֻҪǿߣʲôŮһŮһŮʮŮЩ⣬ֻҪ㹻ǿ
ζ˵仰϶ת߶ŭߣӴ֮ڽٲʶա
֪϶ߣһЦ
Ȼͻͷ
ζ˵֪
֪
Ϲ𣿡
Ͼȡ
ζϱ飬Ǹڵõ˴𰸣ǿɬȴ˵һ֪
ϲֱ
һ֪ҡ
΢΢ס
㹻ˣΣΪһͬ㣻һҪζ̹˵
䶯촽ҪΪʲôζȴת˻⣬·Ĳݲֹɱ¾˵ʱǽһƷԪʯҪŹ𣿡
Ǿ͵ÿǵıˡ
ϻشţԺﻹζղ˵ÿһ֣ÿһ仰
ԶһѪɫӰѵѪ⹳ɱһѪ·ֱǿҲԶԶģ֮ƴɱתѰˡ
Ͽˣ۾һâ
ѪɫӰߵǰϥ˫ֳĴָָһһѡ
ȴѪȾ
´ָˡ
ϵĻ˵꣬Ѫ˶ȴûߣ˻Ƶ˵׷ˣ
ɡ
ҪΪˡ
𰸺ֱӣҲʵûȴٴʵ֮أ
ؼҡ
ؼңϻ汻˻شסˣѪɫӰ˵ǴˣǱȻѣɽǿ
ңţ˵ңȥȡʮ佫Դ
ѪɫӰû˿ԥǰȥ
˿̣ѪɫӰѾϵҲȽأֻһн佫Ҫɱʮ佫ѶȻǲС˵ϸһȥ
ѪɫӰĻشҲΪͬǴͬһؼҵĿ꣬һ˼ǳΪʲô´أ
ϿѪɫӰȡ佫ԴѾЦݡ
ȻѪɫӰȥƴɱôЩʱ䣬ѪɫӰˣǿȻֻۣҪһЩıȡʮ佫Դʲô¶
ʱ֮ѪɫӰųصĲӣʮԴٴλصǰ
ʵ֣
׹ǡ
ֻҪ㹻ҳϣһؼҡ
ֻҪܴһؼңҿԷħѪģѡ
ɣԼҵҩãʱָûħѪģ˵
׹ȴ£ħѪĺóҩ
½ϵߣٶԼħͺñȵڰ׼Ҵʱϸɵ⣬ħһ֡
ħµԣǾΥģһΥģлͻƵƿӴ˲дһ÷ǳ߻ħ
׹óٴ΢΢ȣĳö
Щɱǿ̶ʱڣʹǧ༱ٵˣˣڴӷлָǣɱ¾
ΪǴָѾǻ
Ȼ˵һ䣺ûʮˣ


272 
һѪƴɱ
ֻʣٶǿ
Ǽ׹ǶúûҲƴɱ׼Ŵ´Ĵָȥ
֪Ǹɷֻеʮ˻
еǿʱͷŭˣƿھʹʾʾ
Ȼǿֻ䣬͵˵ϡ
ֵĲǳϣǿЩǿǰľƣ÷ʼôŭҷһƴпӵóȥڣٶƣˣôù
ΨһķƴΪʮ֮еһ
ɱսʱǿǵԪ綼ùˣҲݽˣûʲô似ȫҰһƴѪҰĴϣŤɱ
һʱ֮ŵģ˳ζ⣬ǰ׹ǺʮǿˣʮǿߵϸǰģſڵϣһصѪǰġ
ħѪģѣ˵
ʱʮǿǽһϢд棬˭ҲûзܾʵʵطħѪġ
֮󣬳ϲ̷ҩ
ȵʬҰӹ𣬴˴̱ǵѪζ
ϳ֣ɫļ𣬺εؼûһͷţ״ﱼܣţһƬҽٲʬѪ
׹Ǻʮǿţ棬һƬ𾪣ԭɷȴ˵еģǲ뵽һʼȫҲӳȥ
ˣǿɣ䡣
׹ǵʮ߸ǿζ죬ϼһջƷԪʯȻǧ֮࣬ƷԪʯǹһ֮ƷԪʯǾǲ޺뵤ҩҲǲ٣Ƚϵͽס
⻹вٵ似һ࣬Ȼ󲿷ֶƷƷƽ֮ģ߼ȫûС
ô˵ȳĶ֮⣬ܱߵʮɣջҲ֮УǶԳ˵ǲ޵ǿɫƣǳջ
ʮǿָ֮ʣϱ˺ڵƽʱһѪιٽŽԪʯ
ǣһΰΧźڵԪʯȴûм٣Ȼúõشζ֣ζ˷ܵ˵ӣǲǺڵĶҪˣ
񣬸оڵ棬ͷųԽԽǿصҲ
ǵȵȿ
˵˴ҹڵȴûһ仯Ա㣬˯ȥһζ˵ֱڵƭˡ
ĬĬڵսָóؽѪҲؽؽȴֲʧؽԡ
ˣֻô˰취ΪÿѪιؽʱܸоؽ飬ͺñõ˴ƷԪʯһ
ϽЩ似һ飬ȻЩ似ȴǿԽԱ㴴ʺԼõ似ǳѧһϽԪȭϣһµ似ȡСԪػ𡱡
պ󣬰׹ǵʮǿȫָ˹ٱϽټʮȫϥڵϣϸһһŴָָװԪʯҩй
ڿʼǶ׹ǵĻ˵˵һ䣬ûҪʮ˴ߣߣһǲ£Σպܴʲô£ܴζ룬ҪǴʮ߸ˣǾͻš
׹ڣû뵽ϻ˵ôһ仰
׹Ƕųϣ۾⡣
˵ֻһҪһ֮ڣǵľҪٶҪ߽佫ҪչһٸˣЩˣսǾӢΣҽǣҪǿǿǿ֣֮⣬ʲôҶܣָ㹻Ԫʯģ뿪ȣԺΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬תζЯȥȻԶˣɰ׹ǵ˵Ķȴһ仰ҪǵʱȻǵġ
׹ǵͷ˵Ϊ˳ΪˣΪ˻ؼңһŬɵġ
ζԳϵΪûɻȴǺܺ棬ҲûʳųȻĵ
֮ҲȡĽѵϿû˵Ļǻٴγٴģڣֻڵ»ֶѡ
ԶˣǵһĿ꣺ɽʮ
ȱȫϢҲʱ˳ȥ賤ϵĶһЩĶ


273 ɽʮ
ʮǿɱ֮
ڰ˫ɷɣзԲﷶΧڵʮɡ
Ϣȥͨ˻ѣǵǿɲǺڰ˫ɷǺڰ˫ۡ
ֳƺܶ˶Ŀ⣬עӵڰ˫ɷϡ
Զǧ֮ׯ԰֮ڣһŭȲѣȼƻôʧܣһεʧܣȻƻʧܸأôõһӣǱ˭ȥģ
鱨Žкڰ˫ɷˡ
ǵʲôˣ
ûֻ֪֪һȫףһȫڣ֮⣬òõϢ
飡Ҳ飬ݺݵز飬ڰ˫ɷʲôͷƻǵļƻֻ
ǡӦţҪȥ
ȴֱס
ʹʲôԸ
¶ôˣ
ӦþɵӣƸƻġ
ƣҸһ׽Ҫ˾жʹǲһ
ǡ
߳ȥʹڰ˫ɷƣ᲻ʲôϵԺ⣬ʹˣſӵ޵󣬼ȻɱȴɱţԽټƻȫʵʩ鷳¾Խˡ
עӵڰ˫ɷģүү賤׷һ˺󣬰вûзƺζӰʱպִȵǿɱڰ˫ɷȫϢ賤ΪƺζǺڰ˫ɷѲĹϵΪ֤ʵҲΪ˲Ϊ󻼣賤תڰ˫ɷ׷ȥ
һۺ˴Ϣ֮󣬵óһۣͻȻðĺڰ˫ɷǵ·ߣǳһڽġ˵ڰ˫ɷͱˡ
óۣһû׷Ѱ϶ȥѰ˸طҪںڰ˫ɷǰ棬á
һУϢĳϺζȫȻ֪ɽʮĵطѾԶˡ
ҹɫ֮ʱǵִĿĵء
ɽʮפĵطʲôկӰӰɽһĵطסһСɽɽȻֲָĺҹ
ɽȴǵƻ֮ͨԶ
СЩȣɽʮǿǺܲһˣɽʮǿ£ࡣ
ɽʮҲֻǿ֣Եߡ
ϸ̤ƻ𴦣ɽͳʮֻħޣٶȼ죬ȫһɫħ׷籪ȻƵʲǰţ׷籪ϻʮ֮Զʱɲס
ʮ׷籪Ϸ£һֶſмǸӱȭ˵ɽʮڴˡ
ҪҶ֣Լ֣ϸͲΪɽʮ־ֹ
뿪ɽλҪҵǣҲôһ׵¶ûŭ𣬼ϳĬּ˵ʮֵܣûߣڵλǵ˼𣿡
Ҫˣ
ǳʵɽʮ䱻ǿɼɵȴǾ춯صĴ¡ӵ
۾ŽӽнΪӣԱ߻һǳʣµʮˣҲǸ߽佫Ϊټʮֻ׷籪ɽʮʵȻܾˣֲȺһСƮơĶǿɣֽɱɽʮҲ˳ȥ
ҪɽʮĹ鸽ȷһʮˣս֮Ѫ͵ġ
ϲû˵һս֮
Ǳɣǲ
Ͷ״
һţ̵ĻϰʱƮɽƮɽϣۼ˶ʮǿͼıȥڰ˫ɷ
۾ﾫһ¶Цݣ˵ħѪġ
仰ղһֱȴûκηԵɽɫ䣬һ˵ǳ㣬㣬ҪȥǾ͵ȥ𣿡
ûлشȴǳ֣תںϣһȭմ
ȭͷûдǵϣֻǴУȴžһεֱѹɽʮ
ʮֻ׷籪ܵĸоΣգ¶ֵأˣƾôֹ׷籪ûͣ
¶⣬һȣ󣡵ֵ
ʱʮһˣȫվӵĺ棬һ˵ǰһ˵ıɫâԽǰ棬ɫâԽŨ
ף
ɽʮΪϺǸȤе˼ͿԪػ𣬵Σ


274 Ԫػ
ϵһȭ
ȴԪػ
ɽʮȫԪʹطȫһϡ
һнΪӣʮԪһ壬Ԫ䱩ǡ
Ȼһ˲֮䣬ֱʸ߽磬һǣԼ䴥ż
ʱϵһԪ𣬼Ϯ
һ֮ʱͻƽֳһɫ棬ʲ״ֱ˶ȥ
ɫ࣬˫ƽƣ˵ɽܣ
أӵǰ棬ɳʯӵصһ׿ߵɽ壬ɫˣɽȴھҡȥɫɽ𣬽ɽΧ
ɽܣһȡ
ɽ״ʱӭ
ֱԼʮ׵ĸߴɽ壬ֹͣ׳󣻴ʱɽѾֹͣˣεڵأһ
ɾʱ
Ԫػ֮еĵڶػȻϮ
˾ȵһػ𣬸˺üֱӽʮ׸ߵĴɽΧڻ
ꡱıӴɽ
ǴɽƱػѿȻǲǴգơ
ɽԪô״ġ
ϵһȭˡԪ֮ЧԪһ˵ɽ
Ӹոշȥģ͵رᵽɤ۶ϣ΢΢㣬һݣȻվٴδȣɽܡ
ɽСɽ˴ɽڸǱ˾ɽֱʮ׸ߡ
ɽʮĶϣȫǶĺˮнԾɷһȭ֮ͷȻǴġ
ɽΪɽһ̣ԪػĵػˣĪܣ޿ƥӿ
һĻͺںˮǳ֮ʱӿ򰶱ߣһ˽һˣһ˸߹һˡ
ɽȻΧˡ
ɽʮѾɫ԰ףӵɫ԰׵Ϊ
ꡱѾˡɽ·ڲӵˣҲҡҡ׹ѣȴ֧š
Ϲճ΢Цȭ
ͬʱȵ
Ǽ䣬˵ɽ֮Ҳ¶Ӽ״⡣
һ˲䡣
һ죬˶С
ۡ
ڱըʱɽʮѪͬʱȫߵķݣֱȥʮֻ׷籪ûҪת񱼡
ʮڵϣֵؿǰǾɽͻΪ˳ƮƮطڵأٴλΪǵϣȴкôһӡ
ϱĿŸղŴԪػȭ⡣
ãۣԪػȻֻܴԪģҲСһ£ʹõ似ǿѵأҷնȫҪķĪԪ
ഢԪʯṩԪƷһ־õ񡣡ȽͷһߣŴӣӦòֻأأء
ţ˫̽š
ֻǰɢȥĳٴξۼԪתȻ۳һղǵľɽɽ塣
ɽʮ󾪡
鲢ûе˽
ֻϵ˫ѹĶǾɽųϵѹСԽԽСָֻ˴ɽٻָСɽ
ȻɽСûֹͣ
ɽʮѾ޾ˣɷһȭǴѪ˵Ԫ۳˾ɽܽɽС
ǵȻҪ󣬺ףǾͱ˵ĶٱСǾ;Բס
ɽڽͨʯô󣬵ϲûֹͣѹȻһѹѹ
ֱͨʯֱȭͷС
ʱϲֹͣ
һУԪĶɵ˳ϵУϿе壬Цɲ˷ˡ
켴Ž˴ָ
ӿһĻʧɢԪӱԼĲ²ˣҲ˵ȥ
ȴ˵ħѪģ򡭡һżڳϵ
ʵΪɽʮû˸ҲӷħѪ֮ҲˣϲûΪˣŹǣǽָȫ˳
ħѪȻ޾ԣЩ˱ƣǲΪˣħѪĶҲûʲôá
ȡõƷɽʮһ֣Ȼ˵һʱָ̣ȥƮɽ
⻰ɽʮʱٱ֪ƮɽкζԹ
ζҲסɽоԪػ𣬿ܷܲػζҲŬ佫
ʱҹ̣Ǵ¸·賤ϣɽȻԶ
һڵһ̤Ʈɽ


275 Ʈɽ
ƮɽɽϹľ죬пȥͺһƮ˵һ㣻Ʈɽߵߴǧף嶥ֱ֣һ㡣
ƮưƮɽϣƮɽȻȲɵȺɽ˵ҲǱȽŨģ˵һǿռסôһط
ǣֵأǲɣûȥƮɽ⡣
֮ľ棬Ϊʵ⡣
ǰҲһɻţڵɱƮɽۿҪ֮ʣȴΪͻȻ˵ĵܴɡ
ˣֻһˣȴǿߣеùֻĶӡ
ˣŻƮưš
Ӵ֮󣬴Ʈɽ˾٣Ҷڲ²Ʈɽֵ˭²²ȥɣǿߣ϶ĳɵĳһࣻҪôĳҵϹ
ǣûʵûȷ֤ݣ²Ҳͻֻǲ²⡣
Ȼ죬ϴɽʮ̤Ʈɽ
˿̵ƮɽɽʮعƣѾۼʮǿټǸصǿߣƮɽǿ
ϻȥˣϴӲԼʿҪϵһвƽĿģҪ׬Ԫʯٱġ
ڣϻиĿģǾͲǱ֪ģζҲ֪
Ʈưİͣڸߴмȫɰ̳ɵϣ߸ʮˣһ˵λǵôˣ
̫ͻȻɷʱ俼һ¡
⻰һɣ˵ȻҪһ£ǾʹˣƮɽȥǰɡ
д
ٷϻӵƮɽѾðסô죬ȻԸΪҸﻹҪѾˣڰ˫ɷҪûɽʮϣǾͻƮɽһɱ
˵һȴһԲѣΪʱµƮɽȥûʲô𣬺ڰ˫ɷ£ɲһڣ׸ôźã
Ѿת˵֪ǿǵôˣǽɢԭİɣƮɽΪأ뿪ƮɽȥԺڰ˫ɷ
ԭʮˣȫƮɽѵĸʵû뵽ᱻƮɽ˱ȣ˼˵ҲʵΪƮɽˣ˼ôṩӻأ
Ȩ˰ȻֻɵİһԾŶܱñ˺ȥĺãƮɽǾʲôˣҺпܱƮɽڻҡ
ȻȴϦ
Щҧгݣŭѣڰ˫ɷҪǣô䵽ѵĵزڰ˫ɷǸ
ʱ򣬷Ҳţڰ˫ɷȻʰʮɣǿǷѺôһҪʧأڣ仰ͿԽʰˣֻҪƮɽǾɲˣʱƮɽͲǶɣһɣ̣֮ȫƮɽʱͿɴҵ
ãҲûнڰ˫ɷеƣŵƾǸڰ˫ɷҲĶ֡
ҿǵôٸӣƮɽģ͸Ͻߡͨ
ӵģȴ󲿷ְɶɣԸƮɽ
˵˸־Ȼˣλɽɣ
һݣ׼ɽԶѭȥǲŲԸܱʹ
ǣǸ߳һƮưǿʹڰ˫ɷѾƮɽ¡

˾˽ŲͣסҲ𾪲ѣڰ˫ɷ̫ˡ
С
ʲô˵
ɽʮǺͺڰ˫ɷһ𡣡
ʲôʹһȣţɽʮôͺڰ˫ɷһˣ
룬͵ȴΪȻ˵ã˾һ뽫ˡ˵꣬бһۣλô߰
˾ʧ룬Ͳˣ÷͸ˣźڰ˫ɷɽ£òͷ˵ԸƮɽ
ãҾ͸ᣬ˺ǾһˡûΪǣֵߣһȥڰ˫ɷǲǳͷۡ
ɽ·ϣɽʮǰ·ζں档


276 һ
Ʈɽ·ϣɽʮǰ·
ƮɽԱʦʦǳסн佫ɽʮǰһ֮
ҲʶˣɽʮȻʢ֮ʿʮ˵ĺԵֵùһ߽ȻǲԼһȭ֮УһȭĶǿɲ٣ңǡ
ʹһȺ˳ɽ·ϵ龰ͷһ˿ɽʮû׷籪ƮɽûٶȣǸ
ôһ䣬켴˷Ըٽ˽ɽʮˡ
һʱ䣬һüë׵ߣٽнΪŶʮ߽佫˰ɽģҪɽʮ£ڰ˫ɷһˡ
ͶƮɽ㲻ٽȻܴ󣬵ȴܾн⣬꣬ǲ⣬˿
ɽʮϴ½һ仰ҲأֱԪձնٽһߣʶôļһȻˣҾµ벻ֻء
ôһ䣬һϣɽʮ
һ£ʮ߽佫ɱ¡
ɽʮȫԹг½֮⣬һĴڣкϻ󷨣ʮһ϶ʮ߽佫ȴռסϷ磬ʹЩ֮ʹÿϵľϵȴҲãΪԪ
½ٽ˵Ƕ൱ٽȻΪٽԭֻһѽɴ򵽺ٽ۽Ԫûɽֶ˾ʮŰѽһٽٽűƺָžӹ½½ֻһѽȴ˷ֻһ·ȥֱ
ûڴ˴ǣζһ߹ٽȣվסȵͬʱٽֳʮѽϡ
϶ͷȥһץ㽫ʮѽץһһʮѽ㱻ץһѽȻ˳ȥ
ѽֱٽĵλá
ٽ󾪡
ֱ½Ѳ
ۼԽԽٽƴ½˵вֿʮѽȥǰѽ
ȻЩЩȫѿ֮ס
ٽľʱ½Ѿٽٽͷ­
ٽֻ÷ֿʮѽӭ𽣣ʣµʮѽֵס½ë
ǣͬǰһ𽣵ĹȻʮѽȴȫȥȻǰ
ͬʱ½һɽܡסԪɵĽǰȴֱٽؿڡ
꣡
ٽû͸ǽ͵ɢˣⶼΪϵɢ˺ܶ࣬ҪȻǽٽ̸ԴԹ
ˣٽѾֽűҽУ½Ҳûţ½û˶֣ͣǳ齣һնȥʱٽԴͷ˿С
½ûаֳɣնٽԴʮһԸǶʮ߽佫
ٽӣſʼء
ؽԶʱϿУ³һ֣
ʱһ졣
ٽӣӵλúȻըм
һĻȫԷΪ׵Ĺս˵Ԥϣǿ˵ԶһҲôɾͽٽɱɣУɷһ֣ʵ̫ˣܽԪ۵Ľֱɢۣζʲô
ңôٽͱأ
Ҳµ϶ǰɷֽţȴ֪˺ֽţͬʱ԰ɷҲη塣
ȴûЩֻ꽣֮󣬾ͼ̧ȥ
ٽЩˣٽɱ֮󣬾Ϳʼֲ̿ߣ½нļ룬ȴӶӲˡ
ȳһ̤ƮƷʱ洫һҽУҽбŷȥڰ˫ɷˣȫû
ϣǾ壬͵ɫܱԼĵƣȵڰ˫ɷƮɽزʶˮˮΪʲôҪɱƮɽˣ
һЦΪôǿһأû뵽Ҫ֣ҪѪˣˣס
㵽ʲôô΢΢ȥ
ϿȰЦ𣿡
룬룬롭һȺȿֺ˵Ц˭
ǽƷԪʯͿɽˡϵ˵仰˵Ĳ࣬Ŀȴȫһ
ʱ賤Ʈɽ


277 
ЩǿͷӽƷԪʯͷɽȥ
ǰ˵ģϲʵΪǿʳԥؽгǰ֡
Ȼ档ЦֻҪƷԪʯǿߣԽǵ£ȫߡ
ϲѣԭΪڰ˫ɷҪϾɱһҲϵõ˺˵ǿѣֵµҲһߡ
ҪĴۣƷԪʯѡ
ƷԪʯȻҲһʴƸɱԽôЩ꣬дģ಻ҵ͵òѡ
ǣܹʵػţѾСĴˡ
ʱǿʵǰԪʯҿ޺˺͵ҩ𣿡
ԣֻҪмֵĶԡ
һ仰һ۸˺ڰ˫ɷĿеħ󣬸ﶼ߶ţڰ˫ɷͦ˵ѵǰǴģǼٵģ
룬һǾøϽ뿪˵ΪóԪʯóҩһ࣬ƷԪʯֵƷȻҪֵµˣϽɽȥ
ЩǿͷӵĴ湻ḻģ淢һζҩζҩպʦĵصϡҩݡ壬ʦڵע⣬ڻ׿֮أҴ䲻ףҲ֪ǿͷǴӺδԥóģȻǿͷӲ֪ǾǺ塣
ʮ˶ڷ׷ױЦ棬һˣȴ൱زˣ˾Ʈɽ͡
кôһƻѳɹȴˣƷԪʯȫƻˣ÷ͷǳطŭиһŻЩҪ뿪ǿͷǣЦ˵ǵǿջ߾𣿡
ʲô˼
ʲô˼ҵʲô˼
ɽǲ뵱ڻңôˣ첻֪ĵӣȻ죬͵ɫѿ
ðһǲΪƮɽסôЩ죬ҪǸǮ
ʹŭ仰ɾǴӷ̷Ʈɽǿջ켴ЦǰλƮɽóԺúôЩ죬ҵҪҲߣƷԪʯÿƷԪʯ
𣿡
ˣó͸ӹɽ͸Ʈɽ˭ҴһˣĪº֡
ǿս𣿡Щǰڷǰĵǿͷǣ˵ڶһҺͷͽа壬ΪΪڰ˫ɷ϶һ㣬Ʈɽ
ͶЩҪˮǿͷӣ˵ҶƮɽϵλˣôһ˵ЩǿͷȻʲôʱĿ
һԿ˰ϷĳϣʱŻӻ˵߰ɣء
һͻͷųϣһһ˵ڰ˫ɷûйƮɽĹ°ɣҪҪҸǽһ
óٿƷԪʯҵǿ˵һ˵Ц˵һģɫһ䣬ҧ˵ʶ࣬˳Ʈɽղŵ£ҿԼ̣򡭡
ҪλΪǿߣ𣿡˵ޱȣĿһٵȻ֪ǻϽ׳Ƴ
ŲţǸ֮ǰұնԴɽߴЦݸʢ͸Ҫŭȴ뵽ղٽҽ֣ʱ˿ڣòϣǰɷȷʵ
תһˣ˵ǲɽǲǻһ
˻عϽ˵л⣬ɿɽȥͿԼǧûˣܻȴֲұʾһնˣֻǰţ˸ϽҪȻ
ϻͷԷ˵ǲǺĽǣ
ûȷͻش𣬳ּ˵ҲɽͰ˵ģÿ˽ƷԪʯͿɽˣ˭Ҳɽɱۣ
Ϻһ󣬰һ˵ɽʮվڳϵ½ųϣĥųΪʲôЩǿĿľʲô
˾ֹȻ⡣
ʱͻһ˭˴󵨣Ʈɽ°
Цݡ
ƮɽԶĵط賤˼ڰ˫ɷȻƮɽ
Ʈɽĳһ䣬һڵϲɫţˡ
˶ͷüͷСӵʲôһǿСʵ


278 һȭ
Ʈɽ˾ٶһǱŷֻƮɽƮɽšһԺ׹ǵӿ϶ܲùǣôһ֣׹أͶ˺ܶ࣬иõķչռ䣻ϾȻӣͲ𣬻ǴõԱպṩ
ڴɽʮɱƮɽǽڱϣһһ·չ
ϵĵڶԭ򣬾ΪƮɽǸһ֣ʵھȻ˺ֵز
ⲻǳϿǾ˼ǡ
лᣬϻɡɽһ㣬һͼ˳κԪֻ̫࣬̾
˳ϵС
ߣôܸƮɽЩӰ죻ңϻɣƮɽǷҲǹ˵ǹһֱġ
еǸûɢһӰ
̤շУı־֮һ
ϿǸɫӰ۾⡣
ͿϲЦųϺȵڰ˫ɷ׼ɣǰһֻϣ㻹ҡ
룡
ɫһ䣬ӿµĺֱͳ֡
ֻһץýԪ۶ɵĽ㻯ζֻͶȥ
Ͳǳѣٽôˣһֻ䴩˵壬ôֵס
ɫȴһҲ䣬ôܻ¶أʹûڰ˫ɷĶ֣ƾ㣬ɱȥɣ
Ȼ˷͵ǰֻһǰܣһ߾ɢԶʱȫʧˡ
СӣΪ˾ٸ۵ġƽڷȺУعͷϲˡ
ףǺԭףֻǲ֪˺ַһ΢΢һЦ˵֪һḶʲôĴۣ

ҪҲأ
Ǿͳҡ
Ҳ볼
óô˵вССؾһΪߣ½˵һǿߣ֮Уһ˵ǾһĴڡ
ǶΪǿ˵Ҳͬˣ֪жߣһϣôҲԽֱսᡣ
ԣȫûñȡ
ǣûڳϵϣһη壬еֻƽƵӣһ˼˵ô
ȭͷ˵
һ㶣켴ЦСӣ̫Բˡ
ǾȽһȭ
ŻϺȻ֣çɽھŲ֮֮תȻԪڡ
Ȼ
ɫأɷϴܣȻЩļ£Ǵδй顣
ϣѾȭϣ
ϵٶȲ죬㣬һ׵£Ͳ㣬ĿһݣȵһȭͽһȭҲ㾿ûŵʵ
˫˫ƻԲɫâʱ
⣬ЦˣԪ̫òˡ
һ˲֮䡣
ȭơ
䣡
ȭȻһС̫״¡ѡ
ϵ򾲣Ͷ֮⣬ʣµģǰδеأɷȻ֮󣡾ȻܽԪܸˣʲô似ûĸǰˣԣɵǸƣҲСѵ
Ѫ𵴣ټϲµֿܣĿ㲻ôᶨϣҲǲܣֱϾǴȭͷϮԪŰޱȡ
ɳûоʹ˰֣ѹסԪȭٻ۾ﾫһ첻ô׽ˣУսýƧطȥֺпܱ¶
ں׼ٴһʱϵٶȣȻӿ죬޷Ӧأƹ˺ֱƮư͡
һߣźϷɽ³һȭϻţ˵ţٹһӣϾûкڰ˫ɷˡ
󣬷ͱ㿴˳
ͱһС
Уһֱնȥ


279 
ҽƿ
Ȼ
ϻȭ
԰һûк꣬ɫȻ䡣
ΪȻתͷȻһֻɫȭ
ٶ졣
ӴָȡӦԣȭͷؿڡ
ߵķݣɶȥУѪ¸ֹ
ȭз͵һ̣ϵȭͷͺеıӲһ
䣡
Ҳ˷ȥɫ԰ף˲ָֻ
ͣԭأǰԪγɵıѾûҷǿ۵壬ɲӰʵʵģƷҪöࡣ
ȻһȭӰ١
вͣâţɷٷ֮ʮǸƵĵӣڰ˫ɷʲôĿģҪǣԲܵһȥȻӲ첻ʹұ죬ʰ
ٿϣɻȥպڷߣĿ¶־壬һŲϣҪȡ˭Ҳס
󡭡
ֻ˵֣ӣֱӱϲȽ˴֮Уߡ
Զ״۾֮ɫСӵԼ棬͸ɱƮɽ϶ᶯӰļƻҪǣӣҲᱻ
ֻСӣٶ̫죬ҽ֮£˷ʤ
Сӣ̫֪һ䣬ԭǷȻȽ˴أǣȴо͵ûɢҲ˵ͲûɷΪɾǶƣǼ
ܺʵʲôƾϣҲġ
ԣٴγ֣ȻԪֻƽһɽԽԽֱ󣬾жʮ׸ߣʮ׶
һɽ
ϿɽϵɫޱأǰĴɽڵʵҲ۳Ҫ۳ʵɽڵԪǱɸɾɡ
ȴɫһҲ䣬һ΢һ㡣
磬Ԫ˳㣿
ɽϷҪϸѹ
ԱߵɽʮɫѾȻҲûǰɱٽһ˵Ĵݣζ˫ֽճȭ۾ųһﻹţӣеģеġ
ȻûҪϺܶ࣬ȴûоʧ룬ɽԪ۶ɣԪԪɽҲͲˡ
һأõĲԪػ𣬶Ԫؽ
ԪԪԪҲԪֻԲͬѣеİ塢ȴȫһġ
Ҳ飬ҪȻ˿ɲðա
ʱɽѾɵ˳ϵϿգֱֱ¡
Ԫؽػһ㣬Ҳ纣ˣֱӿ
ףΣﲻһȣ似еؽƷúúһԱˡ
Ԫк¡ǴɽҲͣһ˲䡣
ϧҲͣһӣɽٴ䡣
ĿһۣڶؽԪӿȥɽͣסҿʼѣϢ֮ɽһž죬һ䣬ԽԽ
ؽԪȻ
ʱɽֹͣ䣬ѸߣҷϷȥ
һĻüͷɷ̫Źˡ
ϾȻɽʮǰ㣬ϻ
ֻúһߡ
Ҳʲô·ȴ޷ԶǴɽǴ۹âһԭѿĵطҲԶֺɽֱһ֣ٶȸ졣
գۼ䣬ֻ֮ࡣ
ĿһĨ֮ɫһХͷһž֨죬ɲǼ
ͬʱУؽԪɽӿȥ
أҲ˸߰˰ˣȻ糱ˮеһءڶءأȻӦþеءء
мأǾȡԪĶ٣ܾܲƶһصĶ
ڵҪƶأǸܣǶҲǰƴԪǣأȴǿƴһƴ
ؽԪһС
˼ǵؽԪҲȫɽȥǣؽԪһ𣬻пܡ
ԣϽȫĽԪԥȫ߷
֮һ
ĿУ¶֮ɫ֮ǰҲΪɷ̫ʵһСʰضֵһĻһĻɷ
ȷŵʱ


280 ɽ׹
Ϊŵʱ
һΪϣ϶кУ
ڣһ϶С
һУϽ׻ȥڶУϸǱ˼ʮףУǰ
У϶ռ·硣
ɺȴ÷õֻһ˫ȭûһࡣ
ɷ²ˣȻķ
ԪŨȱһĸ߽˵Ҫһ㣻ԪƷףܸߣ϶ڵؽסţƾ㱾£Ҫ⡮ɽ׹ǸΡ
ţѽؽԪӿԪؽ𣬺һضǰһأʮԽԽ󣬸Ͳԡһһڶ
ʱɽֱգԽԽߣ
ңɽм䣬
۾һ죬û뵽Ϻһ֣Ȼղ룬ȫƷˣɫǲƣţҪƴԪΪܹعͨԪƴԪֱѰ·
꣬ϵ·졣
ǴɽٴۣϵԪؽֽ˺ѡ
ɽںϵԪƴ֮£ѣֺϡ
ֻһӣϾѪɫҲ̲סزɺǰǰģɫ
㻹öԪ֧ŵʲôʱ򣿡ĿУȫЦͷҲ޷ȻǺֶһֻǴɽ͵ȥ
ʱϱϼֵúѣȻҲǳϹװģǿ߶սǱսʹĴڡ
ǣϵǣƫƫһ˿Ц⡣
ڴɽһԪ˺֮󣬳ûٺϣ³һѪʢѷ󣬾ںҪʱ
ϴȣؽԪ
䣡
һը죬ɽķѣֳ˳ǧ飬켴ʧڿС
ըУӺˣҺ˵ʱָֻС
ǺҲһ飬ĿУﻹʲôɽӰȴǱһûˡ
ɽûˣǷ͵ӰҲûˣֻһӣ϶ڸղŵıըУܵ˲ֱӱըޡ
Ϊҵġɽ׹ɲ֮УҪȥ˵˼͸ˣֲô˵£ʹ似ᱩ¶ݣɲ˶¶ˣһܾˡ
ǿߣǿǿ
ôһ䣬˵Ļȴ˴һֻЦ˵ǲ磬Ҹطúõشһ
޿֣Сʲô˻ɣȻղųϵı֣úܾɺΪСһսʵôʲô˼
²͸ȴ˳ˮ۵˵ãƮɽĺɽȥﹻ徲˵ֶ꣬Ʈɽǿ˵ȫҺúô˭Ҳȡ˭
˵һ仰ԪƮɽǿĶһ㣬Ϊ͵ģѾѪ
ע⵽
ԾУɽȥֻԾȴ̤նУֻζһɽȥߵٶȣҲ
ɽʮҲԭأƮɽǿʮ˵ϰٱȴû˸Ҷһǵķ֪ʲôطȥˡ
Щ˶ûжɰɽȥȴ١
賤ȥˣղųභĻ棬ҲǾޱȣɿû似СǴѧģȻȣ賤ȴ϶ܽɱҪǸܣͳܾ֮ʱȡ
һڵҲȥ̣֮ʣԸͶһڣǱԸֻȥ
ͷȻǸȥˣȴ̾ϢţСӣ̫ˣϷҪĴˡ˵⻰ʱĿ⻹ɨ賤һȥķ
Ʈɽĺɽʯ
վ˵ֹӣ¶ˡ
һҲûֱ˼ʶƵ𾪣΢΢һЦȡؽС
ؽоһȵȻ㡣
ҡЦ֪Ǻηʥݣȴǿо
㶼Ҫˣα֪ôࣿ
Ҫģ󵽵˭



281 ĸϢ߽
ҪȡɳϾȻЦҪģ󵽵˭
Խ򶨣ԽǲѸǰĺǺԽǾȣԽɶͷԣЦ˵ɵţڿǲã㣬˭֪
ܲңҲ˵˵Ϊ˭֪𣿡
˵ϽʶĴһ̽ûз쳣״ߵζŻȻ˵ţСӣΪȥ𣿡
֪ҵ֣ζ˿ڣȴûе֮⡣
֪ô֪ôǶҪˣαػҪ˶ϻҲ¼䣬Ȼ֡
ú˵ϸǺԥὣϣϵԪɲǼת£ֱ˴Уѵأ
ΪСж˵Ͳ˼ɦ
ϳеٶ֮죬ȻΪϡ
ٶȲϵԪ𣬹ȻʹˣֻǣǰЩԶԶɡ˵ţָ͵һɵĽȴһεĽ
νһһΧ㸡ͬΣֻ̬СһЩ֮֮һģһΧźǰ߽ת
ӻڿУȴǿ÷ٽȫһԪ۵ģʵʵ˷ڡ
ĸ
ֳ׵ķҲͷʦ˵׷Ȼ֣֮׷һɶټɣʹֻ֮ҪҪһѣܲٿġ
ͱǰ൱ںһ˲߼϶սǾ
صɫЦˣΪֻһȻЩ̬Ȼ߱Ϣ߽Ʒ֪еĽǺƷʣ
ϳĬȴֽһת
һ£黹Լƿ֮УּЦ֪ڣΪ˭
Բ֪ˣԺѹѡһȣѵأ
ɫâؽΧն¡
֪һ˿֮ɫֳϢ߽紩ڿз裬߱Ϣֲ߽ͬɫֻ߲ʹâ˸һӭؽ
߲ʹâü֮ɫŨԾɺȻն¡
ҪӴһ˲䣬תСϢ߽͵뿪ֱλ
ʱȻǲ˽֮ʱȻǿֽ׶ȴûǿܹƷӲĵز
ֻϢ֮䣬ԪָʹڳĴָϣɢȦ
ʱؽնǱϢ߽
¡ը죬ֱѹ£һݣõʮ֣Ҫס֮ʱĽԪͻԪƶ롣
ˣԪ൲
ͬʱСϢ߽ҲǻԪָķȦϣֱԪˮһ㣬͵ر˴ȥ
շסСϢ߽
ȻԳϵǾȣȻܷסƷĹܷƷ˵ϵķҲǼƷ𣬻߸пǡ
ƾȻ¾֮ȻɱƸ͵Ϊʮĸ߽ӲȻİȫǳŽ
ͷĪˡ۾˱ЩǿҪ̰ĹâƷǲһѪȷŹ֣ѽҲǼΪףȻƷײ
üĿһڹȦ֮Ϣ߽ͻ
һ˿Σ֮С
ţ۳һѽϢ߽һֱָϵؿѿʱ𣬳ڵԪȫԴԴϵע뵽Ԫָ
Ԫܶҿֵܵʱ䡣ŷǳϲȥĳЦԺĥŷӣҲֻҪ䲻ڶŲóȡԪʯԪҲϲϻԪָĵԪҷն似нûãָкڵƣҲǲУѵҪСԣһУ
뵽˼һ¾ͻԪǰΪһϢ߽ϵԪɾвȻ
ֻǣϻ˿˿ԥ


282 ʩС
뵽˷ӣȴԥ
ԥıǣñ֪ԪĹҪٵľƣҪΣյöࣻرǣһ·ˣô룬᲻ὫǰˣԱܡ
Դôصˣȴһҹ֮ζһЩƶϳ϶һ·ػҹʱСıԪȻĹͷܱɽɫҪĻǵз˱仯Ԫʱٶȡȶӡ
ֻ۳ô̽̽˾ںδΨһܿ϶ıǣԼ϶˼ҵΧ֮ڡ
⣬ǳǰ˵ǰơ
˼֮䣬ڵԪԽԽ٣ǸϵЦ⣬ԽԽŨ
ͻأ뵽һ취
ţϴӴָͳһԲСȻȻһĻúر
ɫɻ֮ɫ
ϲȥᣬȻһأÿһԪʼתС򣬰εĹȦ֮ϡ
ʱȦȻСҲһӾ
һʽֱѳһԻ˳ǣѶĺҲŪĪ֪ΪʲôǣǹȦȴǷǳˣΪϢ߽ͿƷ룬ҪСӵ
ȻϢ߽Ҫ̴ʱϢ߽ϵԪ˳ŹȦˣϿǵǿСУʵϣȫ˳ϵڡ
һϢ߽Ȼͼ
ϲҪȻˡţȴΪѹʹڵתһΡ
Ϣ߽ϵĹâ𽥼ҲоĹŹ֣ƵԪһӾʹڼϢ߽ϣϢ߽âǣ˲ٴ
ɫκ󣬺ҵԪˣ
ȻΪԪǱģֻΪǳϺһС
⵽ҲɵټԪȻ磬ܹԪйͨǣҲֻǳͨҲˣҲܳʱշС
ȥĻܻԪݽߵһʱ̡
ˣϢֱ߽ϹҲ˻ȥתﻹţСϵķ治٣ȻȡԪ취УǿСһ֡
ϵõһԪ䣬ȴǲԿûȴһпѵʹ˳ۿҪӲӲײһ𣬳ϵӰȴͻˣһס
˵ͬʱеǿСֱ
һʱû׳ΪʲôһˣϴΪϲ־ҪȥץסС
ʱĶһ
ɫ͵ش䣬æˣȴѾˣǿСȻը
Сըô൱һнԱ
нԱн䲻ڱըܸ˳Ըʲôģȴ⡣
еС򣬲ɽѹǿԪСԪСǾۼɽʮٷ֮ʮԪиղųԪʱҲ֮һСϡ
ԣŻ֮
ǰΪ˲ñ˻ɣСΣúؿӴָȡСȴûúؿСֻΪһ
ȻΪῴСԪ
֮󣬳ֽԪСըΪһ취ٻˣҲͲעϡ
ȱըʧ¶˺Ӱ·ըǧٿףԴϸͷҷҲ˵ڰߣǱ
һ˫۾Ѫ죬û뵽ʰһȻ˼׽Ūһѣ˲˹ӣܷŭŭǣһСôһ켶ķȻˡ
Сӣŭˣɡ
仰Ѿ˵ܶˣɵڣҲǺúõģЦ˵
һΡ
˵ţǰδе߱Ϣ߽ϳһѣϢ߽ӭܵԪҲ쳣ˮһȦȦơ
Ⲩ֮УϢ߽ȴûһߣһ޴ߣͷŭŴۣŭųϣҪ̽С
ϿǰߣȻѪС˲٣ҲڵܶԸġ
ϻЦţЦúͿ
Ҫʱ򣬳һ𣺡ٲҾҪˡ


283 ô
ٲҾҪˡ
Ϻһ仰ֱҪĺһ
ֲܱ¶ԲŽϴƫƧĺɽƣ֪ļţԼʹĸϢ߽֪Լ֡
ǣСӲ֪Ҫǻˣô֪ܲأ
ֱ¶ڱǾҪһȻ󲨣˵Ҫļ壬شѡ
ǽţֹͣΧϸϸ̽һ飬û쳣ӦﲻѵǶϢֶΣ
ϢֶΣ½кܶ࣬һֽϢƷҩϢһЩϢרϢĹϹĺ
ػصز̽˺ü飬Բ׷ΧڣȻûʲô֣Сӣթң
˵ģҪȻôеһӲأЦ˵仰ȴˮ֣ƮɽĿ֮һҪǿߴһܣԼĲ࣬һܴҲ˼ƽϣнҷƷ϶֮ǣҪһϲ֮һսնؽ¡ʹҪǻȥˣعؽԪ޹˼ɵ﷭ҲǺпܵ顣
Ȼ֪ʲôֻǾó˵ûеûƾ̣һôԼа壿ǲǳԱ˳ŵ
֪бСӵģɵλϣҪλƷʦҲ壬һһʰ
Сӽа֣Ѿôʱˣôû˳أ
ϼΧûжҲڵģѵҵĲ²дⲻܰȻ˵ŲܣҲڴ⣬û˳ĻҪζ񱼣뱿ܻϣٺһ
ʱһȣαزͷ¶β
䣬һӰ˿С
ϿӰһɫǴ䣬һԵζҲüͷ߸
ԭӰǱˣүүɵĴϣΪ졣
ϾԼΪ죬Ϊ޲ɱ֮죬ɵʱô˿ţΪҪɱζ̫үүкүү֣ΪˣֹҪȻͱΪˡ
ΪҵģѵɱҵġϽζϵԼȫ䱸ţֻҪһԾͺƴζӡ
ǧ˼תţΪҲؿ˳һۣϵĵһۣѾȷʲôڰ˫ɷƺζʱ۾оȣȴɱ
Ϊ쾪ȵǣֵСӣôᷢҵĴڣΪͲܷң滹ʲôβɣΪ쿪ʼ֣Ǻ͸ûаֹϵ˭Ҳֲϡ
ǣϺ֮󣬺˹˼ɣ㲻֣Ϊ޷ֻԳ
ΪһǸһڵȴǴΪȣҲû֣֮⣬ڸţȻʶΪģüͷţΰǺãһľپһѣʩɵĴȴԵˣصģ϶Ƕ֣ҳûҪЮƼһڵļƻҲգ뽫ҲǺѶȡ
һв⣬һǣҪʲôôǿɣڲʲôƻ𣿻˵Ѿһڵľٶ
УҲúˣɵĴϣǿǽӽڸ߽ĴڣǶ֣ϵƴУҲССˣһ⣺ӣ˵ء
ô㣿ζü˵
ΪȴصȻǡ
ôϵЦʧĮ
ΪϸЦݣ˵أ
뾡취ҪӵĺĪĶԻȻ֪Ϊʲô˵ȴɵĴϣ񲢲ǵġ
뵽˼ֻԾͷΪ졣
ΪҲպûͷź˵ɱ𣿡
Ȼϳˡôһ˼ǰΣ˵Ҫȡͷ
⣬ΪЦˣĵЦˡ
ЦУΪ֣ܶһԹս󣡡


284 䣿
Դ죬Ҳû뵽Ϊ˵ôһ仰ɱһԹսս˵֣Ҫɱơ
⵽ô¶ƲɵôɵĴϻҪɱĵӣ֮䣬ʲôĶԹ
һ˲ôͷȻ벻ףȴ֪ƱɣҲԼָ¶ȥΪҲΪɱƵ֤ݡ
һڵİû뵽Ȼô仯ģԭΪƻҲɣ֪·ת֮󣬾
Ȼ֪֮ʲô𣬵ΪΣʱҾˮ֮УƼһھǰ϶ĺţƱϾѵõšЦݲãȻֵҪɵĴС㣬ЩѴ
ζֱΪ죬Ҫð֮踣
ʲôð£ϣԼ̫ˣҾɱǣΪûаֻŽպĻȥ
ƾ㣬ɱǣЦ˵Ͽһ֮ɫΪͬʱһ㶣ʵǸ㲻ףʱˣСӻô򶨣ôţʲô
ΪϼЦı鲻䣬ȴһ飬ûз֣Ц֪ˣһ㶼ñȽ硣
ҲôΪġϻһɣֵ˵һˡ
һƣΪһû׹ͻһ뵽ڱԵʱ綴ĺǰһơ
뵽⣬ΪɫرںڣǰʲôĴڣɴȻײˣкǰڰػǽ죬˵Ա϶֮ˡ
ô¶ˣǲ֪˭أЦ˵ڰػǵˣǺүүΪɵʱ򣬺үүһֱĺ棬Ȼ֮ζ͵ɣƾźүүĹǾģǱɽҲԶǰ
Ϊɫ䣬ѭʵôˣ
ΪŵĴ˿ûп쳣ĿݣȵСӣڹŪɣҪڵĻ£ô᲻أ
Ҳĥ⣬ȴЦɲõ˵Ǵһԣ֪𣿡
ʵ̫ˣΪ컹ĲҶ
켴Ϊ룺ԼѾ¶ҪɱƵĶҪǺǰڣܲ뵽ΪҲن£ȣһ֣ɱֻϡ
áǷǳɴ࣬߼ûԽԽ賤Ҳһѽѩףͨ͸Ԫע룬ԽԽ죬ɢ˵ƣ
˾ˣû˳
ϽԪָķŵѪؽϣؽƺоеĽ˽֮ϵԪеȫת£Ҳٴΰθʹ
ζҲ˻뽣Ȼĸ߽״ʦΪǰǲֵһᣬǣҪսʹһζ޺
ʱζԺﻹ뵽ǸδıϹŮӣ˵ڣӦӮ˰ɡ
ΪϵĸƷ׷Ϊ֮ĶһڱصõӣΪţؽһܿġ
аɣ
ΪһնǱҲɹ
ƴĳϣͻһתشζһƣζ͵ȥζûзӦùֻϴţζҪңߣ
ӡζģ¡
ܣұζİȫһХɽּʱܵĿХ
Һ㣬ӣ
Ϊ쿴ζѣҲңûнζһʦһʱҲ׷ɱ֮ڡ
Ҫģɱƣ䡣
ΪҲ֣ǸܡʲôĴڣ
ζȣѵأڶʽ
ؽӭΪ罣
ߣûйܣײ󱳡
ţɣ
𣡡
һ𣬺նȥͬʱһ˿ϣ㻹𣿡


285 ؽ
㻹𣿡
һȣΪһ㶣Ҳֻһ㶣ҵĺ˹ȥ
䣡
ؽ罣ײһ
罣ƷҲͣƷ
Ȼųŭؽȴڽ罣Ľϣһӡ
ˡˮľϵ
ϵֶΣȫþˣϧһصΪ죬һ֮£ΪǽԪɱڵϮڣƻųϵѪ⡭
ȻɽԪײǽɫͷʱȴôҲϮһۼ
ˣҲӴײֱȥɫ˲԰ףѪֱ£ؽҲֶȥ
Σ֮ߣſѪ߿ڣҪ븹С
ΪҲһпѵصڶʽƵ˺ȻֻһһȴǸ߽ȫûпɱԡ
Ȼһˣý콫ɱȻĻɳ磬ɱ㣬ˡΪǿǱײֱͷӿѪǳŸղһ˵ҪƵǷľ޲Ԫ
Ϊ쿴žҪ̽߸ڵĳϣץؽҪץؽʱؽȴ⣬һâֱΪƣһѪۡ
ף
Ϊ쿴ѪǴؾˣͷϣϸûؽǾ˵ؽԶģ
ԶΪûмܹԶķʲô
Ϊ쿴ؽؽҡΣΪʾһΪɫŭϲ⽣˼˼ҵúúоо
˵ţΪٴ֣Ʊɫâ֣һֻȭװ㣬ؽģ·֪Լ򲻹һ
ٿһ
ؽȻԶɵ˳ϵС
ϴ󾪣Ҳϲ
ǡʱѪ߿ҧ¡
ὣ̣ߺһ㣬ʹҡڣžž졣
Ȼ䲻⣬һѾ;ƿݵĵزûиɶôص˺
ңؽϷˣ˵Ϊ죬ִӺɱ
ĿǰľƣǾһʮ
Ҫ͸۰ɡ˺ģؽ߿ȴֱץסߵĺӣ
ʱߵӣܼٶС󾪣ﲻѵӣֲǰԥ㽫ٱ
ûϵȥֻΪӣȻڱСȴûнջأǽԪΪ͵عעϢ߽ߵӣִһ֡
ƴȥĻӮĿ϶ǳϡ
ϧΪɱ
Ǹҳ֣ϳˡ
ڰ׼ͻȻֵʱһƬؼ䣬һХХֱ˶ĤţһӴӰǰֱΪȥ
һֻܣһ㶣Ǵϲƣò򵥣һֻһˣܻһֻ߽ܣʵ̫ˣҵٵȵȡ
ΪХЩ飬ΪǸǰģһֻ߽ܣûλǰӰ㰲߽ܣԸ߽˵ǺֵܼģǶӽڸ߽Ϊ˵ֻ鷳
ΪﻹǾһֵĹȻֶΣȻһֻ߽֡
ڷƴɱУܳ˻ûϲãǴܣôζߣʲôߡ
ӣҲҪһ𡣡
һᶨޱȵǱߴתͷȥĨɫӰƿСȴԲķվǶϵĻ뽣ûָűˣǼԼĲϡ
һĻʲôˣǱܲĻζƣƵǰȡ
ˮӳۿ£飬ʲôȥ
ζߣһӰ𩡣
˾ƣǰɣˡ
Ͽ飬壻ڣˣûиڰػǰûУΪˣȴô˾أء
ûٴ󺰣ǽؽ˴ָУֶֻȫһ˸УԴδйٶȣת
ͬʱﻹڴţζ߰ȻĿ
ӣҪһ
߰һҶѰ㣬ȢΪޣ
ζЦˣЦˣ˵һһġ
߰
ߣ˭ҲߣȫɡΪ


286 Ӻ
ܣϵһʱħޣɽǳ֮Ѿ߽ħޡ
ģɳħޡ
˵Ժ󲻳ɳھŽסʮףﵽ˵еļЩҲǲܵ飬ɱ࣬öˡ
Ϊӽڸ߽Ĵڣ⣬ܻ˰꣬Ҫͻ磬ʣܻһǧꡣ
ܱ˺ԶԶ
߽߰ǧ꣬ǲģ꣬Ҳпܡ
ԣΪ쿴߽ܣͼȵΪףңҸһ·ҵ
𡭡
˸𣬸ΪŭѣʱԺģȴǳ˵ġѡ֣οΪ컹
Щôܳ
Сһ̫ʶôʶôˣÿ죻ңպгɣɳ˵еľ磡Ϊһ仰ܾջ붼û롣
شΪģֻӴƣֱ£һֻƣҲΪץȥҪΪ˺ѡ
ȻҪϷͳȫ㡣
ΪҲŭˣ罣ɳܵնȥѾкĴ׸ǣǣΪΪʵֱӾƿܵĴף̽ʵ
ܳԴʹȴûжǴһץΪĽ罣ץסһֻƣѸ¡
һǺǸСӣһģһ㲻áΪ켱ţæ齣ȴûгһֻѾΪϡ
Ϊ챻ĵһѪ
еĳѪΪǳķŭˣȡ㹷
ң
һը
ʱΪҪýնܵơ
ȴţߣ߱С˲һ롣
ܣԸȥԸǸ·ģҲģú档
⻰һֱ֣ȥΪճȴΪ˲ܣ罣Ӱ߿һƬһƬġ
ͬʱΪﻹȵ㵽ʲô
賤ϣСпԪķʵǡĻȻֹȴһȭһȭȥˣһϢ߽׼ջأһ߻ûлоԼעϢ߽ϵԪʧ
ȵ£̫ⷨˡ
˼һתϽϢ߽Ž˴ָϢ߽ϵŷ֣ԪʧǣܵȭͷѾǰ
æӦսֱܴ֮ˣҲŭˣ㡣
ĺһСɽ׹ʹ˳
һߣջϢ߽ڳϵĿ֮£ΪĽ罣ն֮£ѾʧޣΪﻹڴţԪķҪһǶʣҲܶһ
ΪϵľϲƲסظֳȵСӣһ
һȫѪһϲһ飬֪ˮסһݲࡣ
Ϊ⣬˼һתţ쿪ԭ㲻ʶôһ޴룬Ϊȴ˵ֻҪңҾͷһ·
㷢ħѪġ
Ϊһ㶣벻Сӣһ֡
ΪҪɱϵģȻᷢħѪģǲھ
ղ˵Ǽٵģ
ٵΪԭα¶罣ȥûӲƴӳһС˵ǷӺˡ
һӣٷΪ졣
ӣǳһԪһѹɵģԪֻķ֮һڽ壬ʣµķ֮ӡ
ΪϹ˼һʱ֮Ӿ취ûӦֱȥץԶպÿһĻӡ
óˣΪ컹Զʱͺȳˡ֡
¡ըУؽһʽѵصڶʽն¡
ɽ׹ѹȴֱסɽ
ԱߣζĻ뽣ڲϣֻҪһȥ


287 Ҫƴ
ս֮۵ĵڶӣȻϲϵһǰԱǣҲ˳ɹһ
Ҳһн˳ɹѾԱƵΪæˡ
ըո𣬳ȫ˷ɣԪѵصڶʽȻն¡
Ϊո۳ԪףԵֵӱըбоնΪɫޱȣն񣬸㲻ãֶΣСġ
һΪߵֵըܣߴ߶罣罣ǣʹһУԪնʮʽǰʹõ似Ϊʹٱֹ
ʱ䣬Ⱪ䣬ֱ
ǡڴʱؽն£һնڽ罣ϣ罣˲ΪѪƴȫʹһĳϣȥȫͷƺҪɢһ㡣
ǰϮڵʵʻĽԪû룬ԳǽɫĹͷʼ˷Ĺһľʹ˺óϵӣϵز
ŽӵϷǰΪӳ˳ųǿɬǿߣȻóƶϣرԪ߳Ĳһ̨ףǸ߳һذ㡣
ڿɬʱΪҲ𾪲ѣһǾϵķò񻰣ǲףԶıܷסһķǸʲôԪӣЩһóȥһȷѪ꣬ȴȫСһУرһͷ߽ܣߣСǰһ֮󣬾Ȼս֮ǰһּأνóʮһòƣȴû¶һ㣬ܹѵСϣʲôŹֲɣ
һУڶҪġ
ҪǣΪһ̾ܳĸ󻼣ܽıԼıǸҪǸʲôͷǾһ졣
ΪϣֻһҵӣΪΪۼ飬Ϊ첢ûһһ̤ȥ
ΪĿģҪ֮ǰظܵĿ־壬֪ȴӲļ尾֮УҲΪҪϷˣϣԱղűϷˣ֮ˡ
ڵ״ˣԪݽˣ壬ʹþҲ
ϵ־ڣս־Ȼ죬ݣ
ûãҲǲ޲ùֻϵץԪʯؼȡԪʲôҩһģȫ̷
ֻҪûֻҪûе£ϾҪƴҪս
Ϊ쿴ųϵľٶǱӣȻһһǰţÿһɱŨһ֣ƾһ㣬תͷȥ˿ܵս
ȽϢ߽ջأʹ˷ɽ׹ܣģһ壬ֱӽǴɽֻƱסҪɽ
ҲܵͼȻóѣϵؼӴԪѹƴקһʱ䣬һһޣƴ˸£
״£Ϊȫָһ֮ģɺԣΪû˼۾һչâ˶񶾵ļƻ
ΪתͷǰȴվһӰһ£ζ
ζûз˵Ϊ졭
ҵ֣ܽеģΪһߣѹ£ζʱһϢĸоζܲãƴ˵̫үүŹġ
Ϊһͣӽڸ߽Ϊǰ֮ûһ֮Ϊ֪
̫үүҵƣֻҪһܸԶ̫үүҲ֪ʱᡣ
Ϊ۾ʱг˷죬ɱ޼뵽ǸƣȴЩ֡
ζ˵̫үүڻ㣬֪һ϶Ὣһ壬һ򾡣
вϷϷɱ㣬нúöġΪȻ˵棬Խ˵Խ˷ܣʱ򣬾ˣãܡ
ζɫ䣬˵Ϊסɱ𣿡
Ϊ򲻶⣬ԼʱȻһûҪԵ϶ҲǸܵ飬ζ˵ãпܳ棬ҲΪһ롣
룬ȴǲΪȻ˵ˣ̫߿Լˣǰˡ
𣿵֪ܲƵ̫үүµֶΡ


288 Ҳ
ζÿ˵һ̫үүΪı㲻س鶯һ¡
ʵΪ̫ǸʣһɱϵˣѪǧ£û̫ˣڵĺպһǸʸɱģǸ˵ṩǣƣΪԹҲֻ£аΡ
ζϣʲôֽţΪûܹȥģǣһûᣬҲпܷ
ΪȻǰţĥŰ취ƽš
ζȻһЦЦΪ죬˴ӣʡ
Ҳ
˫ּȡԪٶȸ졣
Ϊȴ۾һǰɱǣû뵽һ㣬ǽζץ϶˼ɣǶԼƻʵʩĪĺô
ȻΪҲҪɱ˳ϣԽԽһǿҵĸоСҪǲػҴ֣֮Ҫ֪ΪĳЩĸӦͨǺ׼ġ
ӣţһšԳ޷˵ģ
Ҳ
ǰȥԪʯһرɷĩɢڵء
һԼȴҪװһĻΪ켥Цһ䣬ͻشȣˣ˺֮ĻԼ𣿡
ҴδϹ
ѾζվһΪҲԽԽûнŵ֮ɫһһԣֹܲζɱ
ڳȥƣΪڱصãңζɱ֪ˣҲһὫҸˣֻҪһ飬˻᣻Ǹ˶ǱɣҵȻҸչ˺á
ôһΪд󶨡
ǱߣִܵĿХζɻͷһʱһΪ˳˲ͻһֱζ
һֱȫ䱸ţʱϱѸһ齣ն£֪ȴһûˣĺζˣζ㡭
ûˣһȥͶ
ΪԼ̱ϵңŭ罣ֱն
ңҲѳס
ΪЦˣдˣǸˡ
£ն
׼һΪͬھ⣬ȵζұǲұĿ
˿̣ζ׼ҪĨӣһϯֲɽֱ
ԣΪһ䣬罣նȥ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰΪһ罣նȴնһգǷԪҲץߡ
Ϊ󾪣̧ۿȥһߣվǰ棬ץסǡԪԱվųϡ
Ҫ˳ȥ֪ɱһҧ
Ϊ쾪ˣҲǴһһǴɽĿƣֱ˹ȥȻݺݵ¡
Ͻתٶضԡɽ׹ĿƣȴǲܣңǲԪƣǴɽȻҲûɢ
״ȥΪʲôϽֵȴֱӱҽ˴У޵ϵѭڱصһɲǣѭһȥ
ܶԴظ֪ҲǷͬһ㣬󲽿ֽɽ£ֱƵѭضȥ
ϵѭأǲͣҡ
кƣǰСӸըһ£ָǸ˴󲿷Ԫ³
ߺսѣǱȴһƬž
еˣڿͻȻðǿߣΪѾΪֻ߲ͣȻĸ߽硣
Ҳ־ԼˣǺηʥֵͬʱҲûǼȡԪ
ԼĳʽǡôСΣʱ̣˴ټɶΪŻɣʲô¶ٿϵָһ㡣
˭Ϊʵ
û뵽ɵĴϣȻ˼Ԫõǲһ㹦򰡡
Ϊһ˾˭˵Ŀģ˻ʲô
һߣ׷ɱǱĴѭӴܵ۾һתΪվ֮ѭȥǰΪûгȻΪʲô˼
ͻȻֶһ˽֣Ϊ϶ҪԣһΪ죬Թۡ
ϲ
Ϊ쿴ǴµĴɽһߣ


289 ɽ
׷ҡ
ˣļƣΪѭȥ
ҲûֱӽɽΪȥԱǰһ֮
ΪǺΪˣ罣Ǵɽ㱻룬Ϊ쿳ɽжһô⡣
ܿţɽ壬Ϊ˹ȥΪɫ䣬罣һ䣬һɽȥɫأҪƽɽ
ǣɽ巴Ϊһ֣һֹܱҵֱȥӴҵڵϣȻһ죬ôҡ
ţɽ廹ݺȥܵҲҽ˴Ѫʱ罦ڿС
ܣ
ζͬʱͬʱܷȥһݣȴûסǣѾ;ƿˣǸСʦΪһֻС϶㲻ϣӣӲʮܽǸץ
ңǵģȻҪȥֻħޣɽ壬ɲܽģʱ˵ҪΪһڣһö롣
Ϊ죬ûжҲҶղƺͽɽ巴ȥҳǰģʵϣķѵԪҲ١
ػ֮Ϊһ֣˵л賤֮
֮Ͷѡ
ҲúǶһֻܱƵôǱʱȻǼƽ϶ʱ̧ͷŰصµʲôˣ
⻰Цˣû뵽ƮɽǿȻؼҵһưһϲⰡ
㵽˭
Ҫ鴫ȥ֪Ĵ壬ֻᷢʲôı仯Ȥ̫ȤˣϹ뷶Ѿսˡ
㵽˭
ߵκʣȻ֪Ϣȥʲôĺ䶯ǲĴһϴƣǣٵɽ
ٲش𣬱ǲ˵仰Ȼ֪ˣΪǸߣΪһ֣Ҳкܴϣµġ
ߺܿ϶Ϊ֣ΪΪҲĳ±ȥ
ΪϬ罣
ЦһתͷǱߡ
ϴʱڷȡڸոմԪʯＳȡһԪԪںһûԪȭΪĵ̫ˡ
ֻһһץסɽ塭
⻭棬۾͸˾⣬ţѵڵ̧ɽ岻ɣ
ΪҲĿڳϣΪ۾ĨŨɱûм˿Ũ
𣡡
ϿХɽ⣬ǰɽ壬ϴ˿У
С
һһͷСӻôҲɣȻ
Ϊ޲ãһ⣬նڵأֻҲףֵڴˣһ㡣
飡
ɽ屻˳ȥɫһƬ԰ףһѪֱӿӲ˻ȥһ˵ֱС˼ɶڵ˵һҪ
Ͽŵڶɽ壬ĿǼᶨ

󣬳һץסɽϾ٣һأȴûɾʹ˰ߴɽǷֺδ
ˣϻ͵³һѪѪѿ
ӡζ۾ȫǽСۡ
˿ڣֻҪӦһǰе飬Ҷˣǰֻ۵ĲӬ
Ӭ
Ϊߣȴ˵ǲӬȻŭ죬ǻôõϹзŭѣȴûа¶
µǺηʥٲ˵Ҳˡ߰಻סغȵ˵Ϣ߽߱٣½ɣըһΣСӲƴֱ׷ңڣ廹ܷʵĳɶѣĳɣǰҲֻһֻҽеĲӬ
ֱҪѪȴֲòϣ˵ģʵ
Ϊעڳϵϣ뿴СλشҪӦֵǽҪƣǲˡ
һ뵽ǧ׷⣬ۿҪóѣȴֳô飬һòġ
ȴǳĬûлشһĨǵѪ
ֻ֣һץסɽ塣


290 
ѾѪѾ
ȴȻûлذĻƴԼȥƿɽ壬ȳѹڵصܡ
ǳϰ׳գֻǳϲҪǷͻȻðˣ̫飬Ȼ󱻱һЩ飻ң˸ղ˵֮Ȼǲģشʱ
ôΪʲôǰȣҪǸʱųأҪ˵ûһͼôš
ҪǣܵģȫǱܵģ϶ˣų֮С
ԣ˫ֽץסɽ壬һҧأһٶѰ˸ģȫת˴սñҵԪϾۼ
Ϊ˴󾪣ΪɱֶǡôɨΪһۣΪֻųʩΪ
ɽ壬ԽԽߣ¶һյ㹻ܴ
ɽϵӣ˺ֹϰٱ˾ͺñһֻϣһһ㣬СӰȴΡΰĹâ
ǰһƬѪģӴʹζƴ˾شζһ߹ľܿ
ȫ˺ȼѪɽٵյĳϣȻϣͻظֳһĨ֮ɫ
ڵЩУˡ
ΨһûƵģǵﴦǸУȴҲֹͣת
ΪϵӣسתҲܲ𣬱ѹĸо
һƵģһֱԵʱ򣬻Ҫʹ顣
УѾǳĿǰĵƣĺСɱ
似Ԫеϣ˺üһתĻܴﵽԪںϣɾܴﵽ
ʱʹҲǳɱӡ
䣡
ɽӳϵ䣬ϵӣֱµȥ
ϻûнӴأ㱻ζ˻˵ܣһǰ˳ϵǰ棬͸׹⣬ֱΪ졣
ܾ޴ԱߣһΪ΢Ӱȴ𩣬Ŀ͸¶ģûзŭû׹⣬ֻмᶨ֪ƾΪЩ˵еĹǰв֮ԼĶλһΡ
ûкڣǣƣƼҵĶ֣Ҵһ̶˵ƽز¶һ
һϣĳϣһս𩣬ȴǸ߽ʦǣȴ롣
ӣҸȡԪʯȡԪʯ
ζָԪʯһһѵطڳС
ȻζеĻ棬ûг֣һѵƷԪʯûһӾԪ龻˷ĩеԪʯúõģһ仯Ҳû
ֻ˵һ£ǾǳϲûдԪʯмȡԪ
ӣôˣ
ûжζң۾һĨᶨ֮ɫһִ˳ϵϣҪԼϵԪ͵ϵȥ
ϧһʧˡ
ζԪһӴϵӣͱ˳
ӣôˣңôˣ
ȻѣȴڲԣޱȣһƬ֮ɫѪɫȫޡ
Ϊ쿴ģĴʯͷ˵أȥòˡ
һۣҲǿϲϵһ֪ˣʩԾεĻɣʱǸضڴӦ
Ͼ˭ȥأ
ƣ֪㻹ʶ˵һӦ͵ͷܱ֤ҽκãٻص۷״̬
仰νˡ
ĬȻζȴ˫ϥڵأǰӰɣȾȴӣʲôһΪġ
ζĻΪŭûнɱ¶ôһɽν˷۱
ǣȴ¶ײļЦ֮ɫСԿ棿
ֻҪǰܾȻӣԸ֡
ҲҪֻҪһ£ҪƸߡ
ʲô
ϸоӿ챬ըˣסһֻҪͻӣƵģЩϸţҡҡͷ
ƣڻҲκ𣿡
ҡͷ֪˵˵ݣʲôͼܣȻڱǵһЩ˵ּĹ϶̽һ
ðɣҸ㣬ģһڵˣֻҪӦһڣʦҲؾ㣬ǡ
䣡
Ժһը죬һڣ


291 ƶ
һֱûףΪʲôԾˣһֱܵų
³һڡʱ
ˣһжˡ
ΪҲ㶵վԭأиͬһͷˡ
߻Ĳļƻһڵ֪иɣؼңǻ壬壬һŵͯӶ磬һ̫Ӵˣʵ̫ǿˣһȨϣ˵˥ǰδеĵزؼңһֱΪָյٹܶǣ˿̣һ֪£ԺضȫѹؼңؼҷĻᣬҪһı仯Щ仯ؼܲģ߾ȹһڣֺƣƮɽ£ô棬ôЩ飿
ΪҲںţԼɱƵ鱩¶ȥΪɵĴϣȻ֪һһֱڰдѹɵĸҪʵǿˣһڱ᲼ֶΣӣʵ̫ˣһɣΪɵĴڣʧڱڣɵǷչЩǿټϳôһеţԶƵĻɾͺпȡ֮ԣһڵǺ⿴ɵڧΪ޵ֻƣƼһڣûгȥĻᣬҶˣһΪƣ϶ȫܺһ࿹𣿾ǸΪҲûһġ
ЩΪвӿڣ֪ˣһμСӵʱ򣬾ӦɱҲͲкô鷳ˡ
Ϊ컹ڴһ飬ڴƾܾһڵ룬һڵԭǵòģҲõ϶Ὣƻ
ζһӴˣ֪Ǻá
ƣͷҡͷѾЩˣźһҲõĴһ˵ƿ϶ǵͷѡ
ȻģֻгĬ˫۾У΢΢ŭ⣬ðǲףһʲôʱƣ
һڡһϵӾ;ҵĲһ£ʹãǸȵã죬û뵽һڻһڡ
ǷմҲͼˣкڲһһ踺صĺϷڣҪǼһڣǾ;Ե
ᱻɶȻΪҪ⣻ζĹϵһڣζ룿
ֻ˵ϻƣϵϣ౻һڸˣֿһ
ϵһڣǸϹϹƾǰеʦ棬Ҫѷóһۣܲ𣿸Ҳ
ǻԪָħʦ֪ܲʱεĽڣƶӲǸķˣϾǰۣôЩȥͻơ
ԣϾҪҵ·վһڵĶ档
ϰ첻Ѿûģ˳ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ҪҸղž㣬Ѿˣ˴㲻𣿡
Ϊ仰ݺݵţǳ¡ΪںͳϣΪϼͣһƣܾ
ϵ۾Ӿҵزͻأȫ£ӿһĸоɳĮб֮ˣȻһƬް㡣
ϸϸоţȻҲֻЩϸƻȴͷųһ·ӵӴԪָоϤ
ȫ˵Ŀǰ״̬಻ٻʱܾĻ죬ţעҪ䡣
ӣ롭
۶ʱų⣬ζȴΪʲôָоϤоǵʮɽѪĸо𣿡
Ϊʲôڲżأ
ǲ֪һεӴ󣬵̽ڣԵɺ֮£ûб壬̥ǣһС֣һ󲿷֣˳ϵڡ
ʵƽϲͣŰʽҲֻ̫ˣϸûвͷ֣Ǻпܼһ
ĿУѾɱȴоԼµУһתһУȻһΪ
Σܷ˵ģƶ


292 ͷ
ƶ
ϸоһΪٴγΣһУ˶һʮУ͸
пʼתڵѪ⡢ϸȴӿٶѣƺԴԴϵشѪӿϵƺһˮذ㡣
ҲԼоǿãСԹҩҲ٣ǴûΨһϵģǿ켶
֪жһΣֻʣ¶٣
ͷڳԺһҪıǣָӣȻϣŲİǣǰľ棬Ҫ
ϻûпܺͬʱƴɱĵزԼȥȻҪȡҲǺù
һһϴųӵÿһطϴҲһʹḶ́ϵ񾭣ھʹ˵ϰΪζԪʯҲۿɼٶȣɷĩζо쳣һʱϲǣֻܿһָԪʯͳڳ
ƣҪƲԳԷ𣿱֪ô򡭡ŭ˵
ΪһЦСӱǲ֪ô֪ˣǵҪΪѾǴΪˣСȻû˵ܾ⸱ĬѾ̬ȡ
£˵ķ𣿡غΪŭ뵽ԷΪߣ뵽Էһڵ֣ΪȻܷŭȴò
վһߣƨҷһһһڣһɣɶܽؼĽɫ˵֮УΪͣҲء
ƣҪȡ
˫ͻأüͷһ壬۾ų⣬ףƣȻڻָ
ΪҲǾȲѣˣԶ޸
ȻζεסΪ˶Ƕӵ֮ˣ֪̽̽ϼȡԪʯ֪̽ϵɫָ
ΪûӣѾȫԳ֮˵£Сãȥ»Ҫ⣡
Ϸ£ָ𣿡ȳΪһһһ󣬰˵Ȼ㲻飬⣬Ǿ͹ֲˡ
˵ţԾշȥܱŭѣͣκֻǴصĳյĳܷɣֻý֮
ʹŶʱڲζƺûпƽİȻͣԪʯ޺óҽϽ§ڻУǰĹϮҲضȽնɱ˺ϡ
ʪģʹã۵á
ζ֮䣬վ𩡣
Ϊ쿴⻭棬۾гŨɱ޲˲ƹȥնǿԴǣԳ֣֣
ΪĿģҪ˭ɱģΪ쵹ô⡣
һҾ졣һֻ£һ͵Ĺâֱܶȥ
ܲ˲Ҫ۳ףסâ˵ܣȴ۳ʹˣܷȥ
ܣÿ
鼱֮£źܷûϵӣȻܶ

һӣֶų˵ƣ㲻һڵԭʲôΪʲôҽԵôһȻŲˣң͡
㣬Ҳˣ
һ仰ͻȻĻȻϡ
켴һӰһӡǵնľɫĹâȻʧ
ӡûʧѹȥ
ɫ䣬˱Ϊһ㣬оӡ֮ϴ󣬼ȴһѳìԪۼӡ
䣡
һըǾ춯أƮɽЩǿɽʮȫоɽҡǷԲﴦҲú¡
ʧԺ󣬰ɫԷ׵˻ȥϵǰ棬վһòˣ˶ͷ
ԲΪ
Ϊ쾪ȳΪߣѾ޽ӽʣֻǸһĤѣȻĤƵģʷϱˣʱ䣬ﵽԲ磬ǵһ̣ȻûͱǲĤ
ǣòϣ۷ߣ
һڵĸ߽һ֪۷ǵʵ
㣿
Ͼȳ˲ţֵˣ
ͷתԳһЦ˵Сӣĺڡ
ǺˣһΪУ˴İ


293 Ȼ
ɽν
ؼҵϹɵĴϣһֻ߽ܣһڵİڣһ֪۷Ϊͷ
һ̶ˮԽԽˡ
ϿǵԼһ˶ͷб㰲ȥǣר־Ӧڵı仯Ҫץʱ䣬ԼٶȻָӦԽľơ
ںţǺˣһΪУ
һڵͷȷܴҲͷ֪ǺǶһںܲðֲðǺʴӦ֮ʾ磬ԭ͸һгƵġ
ԣڰȣͷֻһߡ
һڣȴû֮߳ŭΪټһڵţ޲ǰˣȴͲᡣ
˵ҲͷһڵҲڱеҵҵԽָҵ𣿡ͷл˶е˶ȴǳϣҲڳκһˣ֪ͷ˭
ɫһһǰ˵ʵһڵĺպĵطҲǱǣȻʹ˰֣ǸΪһڣӳһڵ׷ɱ𣿡
ֲûѹͷϣһƬȻ
˭ѿڶ
ҲСˣǰ¾ɱȻһ𣿡
ɫ䣬˵ʹ㣬æЦѱʦɱ
𣿡ͷЦţô˵λǰ˴֮λǰʣôȥȻָȫΪ˵һ¥
ʲôˣʲôϵ۾ɱε¶
ֻһǰˣôɱңƾ㣬Զˡͷɫ˿δ䡣
֪Լ˼ҵĶ֣תΪ˵һ֮£ҵʲôûңɱ˭ɱ˭Σ
ΪǴ˱ضҪɱϵľģȻϷŹᣬ˵ãƾҲȴڷߺţǰ㣬ϷѳȥСӣ˶¹ʣ
֣е˼ͷе˶ѾãòȴһλòƽŮӣͷֲɽһ£Ȼս˴ָ
Ҳ£ֱֶԸˣȥɱСӾͳɡ˰ţȻΪΪ룬ǣסͷͷרƴ
áΪǸɴ࣬˵ͬʱӾֱ˳϶ȥ
ͬʱͷӰûеĳìƿϮͷͷԷΪ¡
ߣѾͬһϵƣȻٲ˽߱Ϣ߽ҲƿջȥһȥϢ߽Ȼܷӳȴ߹ķҲܸͷһЩ鷳
˿̣ӻܣζóϽȴûˣֻǴʦΪôˣҲܲһǻǰ棬ŭűΪ졣
ǰûɱ㣬ھΪеĽ罣һն¡
ڰǺȻֵͬʱͷҲûţȻ۷ΪһѶҲܴ֮ǰһֱڰûгһѭ˺ʵ˼ΣյĹͷ֣ܳ뿴ƻα仯Ǵų䲻⣬ųϵ˷ѭ⡣
ǣƷչ̫죬Ŀǰϵ״ͷ䲻֪ô¶ȴ֪׶
ԣͷһ֣ð˰Ѫסǣȡһʱ䣬֪ǶǼ£ʵǼɻ̫ֱӾͳ֡
ȻͷҲǰ׸ģֻͷ˫ڿз跭תǰ۳ơ
һ棬һġֱʮסԶϮĳìϢ߽
ƣìƿնѴ֮ͻ˵һƣȻǵڶ棬桭
һֱƵʮʱìٶƴ֮
״ɫһݣ˫ִӡľԪϢɢƬսҿռ䣬ŰѪǳìҲµһ㣬ٴǰȥ
ߵϢ߽ҲͬϮ
ܣŭţͶأݣ˫־ٿ֮䣬ɽγɡ


294 שͷ
ͷ˵λǰȻ֪Ǻˡ
ҲΪ̫Ǹ˭ԣɱôŨҲȥܳϣ;ΪߣҪͷϣζ
ͷ֣ʵһ֣۳ʮơ
ڳìƶƵͬʱͷжһһĵҲ⹳ìһķȴһķשͷ
ͷשͷɲ򵥣һƾõĶУá
ͷͷҲأֱӾͽשͷΪȥ
ΪĽ罣ն˫֮ɽϣɽնն飬֣Ϊ쾪һܿνǵǿ֮ĩôʵ
ȻʱֵסϣͣؽѪЩѪΪ˿ڶ
Ϊ쿴ܽӣ˵صףٸоڲ𶯣򣬡ѵܵıͨɣһħޣǾŽףб߽ͨܣôУĪǱĲɣ
бͨҪأҾͽػˣδӴؽΪ˵ţԪն󣬽罣磬Ҫնڵء
ʱΪ֪̽ͷĽשϮмɵ۷Ϊͷ˿⣬ܣ罣նשͷ
΢΢ŽɫשͷڷΪĹУԽԽ˯ۼ䣬ȻųΪѹ¡
䣡
罣שͷשͷ룬שͷȻΪȥשͷٴα
ΪľǺַȻãѵһɷɣ
˲ٶȥשͷΪ켲ˣשͷ׷סΪ۾һ˿â鲻УҾͿĿ飬Ŀ鲻УͰ˿顭
ţΪ춯֣罣⣬ֱӽשͷĿ飻ĿשͷһΪ
Ϊ첻֣ͣһһĽ⣬ӽ罣Ｄ
ֻשͷĿɰ˿飬ٱʮ飬ʮ飬ʮĿ顭
Ϊ컹ͣϢשͷȻ׷ÿһשͷ̺Ѿ˲٣⣬שͷ޷ȥʱשͷУҲʲôá
ȻΪﻹĥôһŪ֡
ΪרעȫȥԸͷשͷȴܣеɽ壬³Ѫ֮ѾС洫ԪȴΪ
ƵĳìȻ͸˵ʮơ
ʮƣӭ˳ìϢ߽ĹͬײʱʮҲơ
ͷûȥ۶ƣȴǿдʣԾУ˼ƣ켴ƣƵٶȣ
·ܶڽͷһ
ͷƣԽԽǰͷϿգһӡӡǰһӡ
ɫ䣬ȴûлţҲûпˣǴӴָȡһɫ塣
ɫһ֣бһΣյϢȻҲǼ׵طһױ꣬ռıȻ١
ֻӡȥҪӴʱһ
ȻըӡΣɫЩӡȻѹ¡
ɫֺȻ֮ɫҧҧһ۵ӣӳһźɫӣͷɫӣüͷһ£ӡѹ¡
û֡
һƿնӡסһȣϽعҲջϢֱ߽ԾС
˵ûϢ߽ʱɵĹӲǣƾ˫֣Ҳǲ
ңͷһãשͷơӡҪƣⲻһܺԪ£һһܺ¡
ͷм֣ɳȫǴУĵԪʵͬһ㣻رǣ˵ԹͨԪеԪΪãͷͨԪ˸ʤһǣ˴ΪսѾüΪȶԪǱɢ
ʱԪһãѰ·
Ȼսеˣûע⵽տʼɢԪذһֹг֣ӰķΧԽԽ󡭡
ͬһʱ䣬ζеĳϣɫͨ죬ȫ𵭵Ҳ͸źɫ


295 Ԫ

ٴκȳһǿźɫӣըѿӡâұӰҪɢ֮һ㡣
޵ӡѹ
ﾪȵ˼£似ԶǶĹһö廹һöӣôɢأ
ӣɲͨӣǵҪһµĻƷ赲Ҳֻһڵôۺļҵײó
Ҫ֪һɣһƷĻ϶䱦֮ĴڣΪеĴڣʹɣҲòôֱʣζеĻ뽣ҲƷѡ
ɱͷڽשͷ޷ѵΪ죬Ϊüͷֱ塣
ӵıըѾγеĿһըѿһ켴еٴγɡ
һѾԽԽ飬ֻüһӰӵӡȻûа⣬ִӴָȡһ磬һһɫĹâ㽫Χ
һУԶƵʮƵĳìصУɵأìӡ
УǸѾ˫ȭͷȥһңɲǵңڵأϣһ㣬ȥ
ͷУɫȴûᣬֻһΨһʣµƣǰ֮ǰϢ߽
䣡
һը죬ȴǰгì̽ӡ
Ȼӡҵʵ飬Ҫɢȥ̺Ǻܴ
ӡƣͷ˲ᣬؿӿѪȴӲ˻ȥʱľƣɲ¶ţ򣬱˵ˣߣҲߵˡ
ӡɢȥһ̣Ҳػֱ׹ڵأڵҳһĿӶûӿԾϲǷϲ
˵似ȻĵԪԲСطͨԪԪֻиûգǺԶ׼ˡ
һһڵĳϣҩ𣿲٣ЩҩǵƷ׵ĻԪһ࣬ƷҩԪ
һ˵ַʽԪһԪлãȡҲ࣬رھ͵ʱ򣬱˵ʦ磬֮١
ڶַʽǱԪʯ޺˵漳ȡֱȵһַʽö࣬ǣƴɱ֮ʱַʽˣϣô̬ļȡԪٶȣȻˣӦϡ
ַʽǵҩҩԪһӱָԭļɣҩƷԽߣָþԽࡣ
ʱѩɫҩƷģŵҩȥԽղżսȥԪȫ
죬Ҿõҩ㡣¶ŵЦݡ
УȭڶϣʮƺȻ飬ɵʮƣȴȻһƬȻԪ㣬һп϶ƣܸͷһ˺
ͷ֪̽ΪһЦשô׶Ըģֿ˰ü֮ɫȻ֪ڴʲô⣬ɻ֪һ³ϡ
֪̽ãһֱ֪̽ͷ࣬صһ£ðѪԽԽŨˣѪûɢȥ״ΧųϣͬʱͷоܵĿԾ
ҲСǳģͷϲ㽫ԪɾĻ档
ţץϢ߽ٴɱ
ͷŭ
ղһȭҲһȭ
ͷһȭһɲɽϢֱ֣ľԥתӡ
ӣܡ
ǰҡ߶԰󺰳ȴûг˼
ŭҪȣͷȭͷ¡
飡
ڵһ߰ĿӣѪоͷȫˣɬѣһȭʹӳ죬ҲҪȫָ
Ҫ
ͷȻֳȥ
ʱˡ
ڰ嵽ԱߣҪìʱȴɫ䣬ΪķĿѾγһУûΪʲô䣬ͷѾһȭ
ìͬʱӴָͳһŵҩߣȵ
߲Ͻ£ʱоԪ۷״̬
ۿȭͷ볤ìֳ쳶ذ㣬𣺡Ϊ죬ɱƣɱ


296 
Ϊ죬ɱƣɱ
оΧ䣬ǸеģǳϣҲ֪̽˳ϵѪɫܹ졣
ͬʱľԵİоϴһӴӴ󣬱̷ŲԪҪӴ
ҪǣðҲЩļ¡
ʲô֣ԣŸϽΪɱɱ
ߺţ߽ͷĺȻһȭڳʱ̷Ԫָ״̬֮ǰûоߣȻûȥȣǴ˽ģͷȽߴˣٸ߲ԪȻߵԪָԲ״ֻ̬ʱģԺ˵ġ
Ȼ˵ֻһһȻ˻壬ġ
ͷԪĲ٣һȭ֮ȻֱͣðѪӿһˣͷӲƴ׼ͷ
һߣΪĺȺ֮һ̽Ҳ֪˳ϵ״̬ļǰЩשͷŰΧһʱ̣ȥ
Ϊ棬Ҫģ֪Ϊʲôı仯ҹζ࣬ΪɫһݣȫԪĵҪӲƴһ·
ͷһߣשֱԭģƺΪ콫שͷնǧٿ飬ûзһΪ¶âȴû־ܣ͵³һѪΪӽڿУȥϡ
ûнΪȡƵҲֵ
ͷȻΪóѣתҪȥȴץסᣬΪĽԪһͷ
ͬʱߴȣ֣
Ҳ֪̣־֮£ҲֻѹеŭҪȽ˲˵ֻȡϢ߽ͷȥ
ң㻹˵㡣
ǽԪͿҪͷסͷȴͻʧȴѭ˵أԪգ߼״Ҳһ׷˵ϡ
ȥͷìתɱȥ
Ϊʱ֮ܽںϵĹ򣬼Ϊ죬Ϊ챾ûзϣɸоǹ̺ɫ΢䣬ȴҲûȥӴָͳһȴһ£һףӲȥ
䣡
ըΪػѪȴسϡ
óһ֮ٱСһԹȥ
ɱȥϻûѡ
飡
ͷӵص׳˳ΪǰֱһһǰΪ˫ֻնͷţҲ˳Ϣֱ߽ͷ󱳡
ͷƣΣש罣ƴˣŻש˰
һ˲䣬ΪؿһȭͷļȴѪϢ߽ȴûߵ⣬̽ͷҲǸͷһػ
ĺ󱳱שһ£ûضԵֵȴһ֮ٶȸϣịֱָ̀üġ
ͷţ벻ЩΪȡСӵȻ˵ĺηȥԮȴϢ߽ͱˣΪҲ罣Уն
𩱾ǵΪߣ׼һǶȡһ˿˿ĻҲУǣɱУȴɰɱԣƴȥ֣ȥץǳì
ϧڰ˵ٶ̫
ζᶨ׼ӵһȥԳì
Ȼͷոһӿ£ֱסζоʹԪԪ൱ȻǰͷҲѭضˡ
ԪסһСʵ̫ˣȻܸļµĸоһУ϶ڣϧôһţȴ֪Υһڵ˼Ǿֻ·һ
ζǻľ˫ԣѭ˵أֻǳìԽԽǺȻЦһӡ
ͷΪ߲ϧ۵ס
ì
ʱ˫һ¶ǹһƬѪ졣
ì̽ȴٽֺ
󾪣Ŀȥһֻץסĳì
ôܣһȻץסҵĳìֱţƷըİеĳìȻǷƷ
Ʒ
ڡ
𾪻ʧһ𾪣糱ˮӿ


297 
еĳìоì
Ҳ˵ìܲ죬һ֣Ҳ֪ⳤì
Ʒìȴһ˫ץס
ץסìۣǰҲˣǰСӣһѣƾʲôץì
˾ȵǣСӣǱס˽ԪУðԪ˵ʱڽԪͬҲòԪ
Сӡ
Щ⣬ûҵ𰸣һ˼飬ַˡ
оϵԪڿ쭶žìȥķ˫ƣ
Ԫʧúÿ졣
ʲôľͬʱͻǰ˵ģСԪķ뵽Ϻ֮ɫŨìǰ̡
ϧ̲֣ңո̷ԪָԪһ˲֮䣬Ͷɣǹļ¸иˡ
аԥɿìնԪìϵһն֮£ɫһƬ԰ס
նϣ
Ȼնìϵ
ڵԪ񽭺ӾƵģϲͲѵǾì׼ȷ˵ǸСеķ
Ǵδй֮£ΪȻް취
죬̫ˡ
Ѿվֻ֣ץסìϵĺ⣬ʧڳĺҲٴλ˳ϵӣɢÿһ
ͷǽ֣Ҫǳʲô¶Ǹʣ϶Ĳվһӣйﻹף淢ʲô¡
ʱͷıСӵı̬Ҷסο㣡
ͷϵԪ֮ʱֻһ˸УѾǶһʮУǿһľ绹ͷҪͣôס
ͷٻػשٴ罣ɱһڳһŰɫҩ裬ͷôһ۷弶ûŲػ
ɫѿˣҪ˵صʶ֪Բӣһӣͻϼ֮
Ϊɫѿ˼£Ҳ̷һŵҩ۾ֱųϣڴţôôܹôܵסĹ
ͷɫ̩Ȼȴ͵뵽һµʵǸСӣϵԣԪû¶ǿľԪСҲ
³¶
СҲһ򶨣ѵ˵ľԪûӰ죿ǲ˵˵
ͷ뵽ֿܣȻҲ뵽ˡ
뵽뵽ȴûκΰ취
أ
ûΪ¶ľԶģ˾ҪٲţǾѰ·
ϴʱ⣬Ҫȫڴ˴
ȡ
һ⣬˵ֻгһˣ۵ĵһ뷨ӣζжԶӶԶͷٺúԪпʵ뷨
Ϸ룬ڷһֱֻ֣ӾͽǺպĽԪץ㶵ؿųϵһУʵ벻ףԪΪζûãڵԪ챻øɸɾҲĽ
Դ뵽ϸûԪõԪԪкôأ
½Ԫ˴ָУϼһĶǾǴ
û£Ҫǡɽһͨɽһͨͼ˳Ҳֻɲɽһ㣬ϲĽ¡
νո˵ˡ
ڵлתǹӴѾӿϴӰľԪҲû˷ѣȫۼ׼
ɫǲ԰ޱȣƤⶼήΪ߿龰Ҫ⵹ΪҪ빲ֻͬһϵƣ£ҲӲˡ
ϧͷȴ˲ֲ
ԪòˣϹһ£ǰͨľ飬ЩԪ㹻ˣ
ϣת׼ͬһͷţ
ڳϳһɲǣնԪϵìƷڵأҲ˲ջأϽڵϣӴָͳƿ̷ǸƷ׵ĵҩ
ʱϵɫȴ


298 
ɫأΪ鷳
˵һ߽Ԫȫ㹻ͨһǰԪûô㡣
ǣƫƫѣѹ״̬ԪȻ岻ơ
΢˼˹һΪԪԣΪľͲǿߣ壬ڸղŵУ϶һεõ˸죬Ҳ˵ǰΪǿøղųץסìΪҪǰôŵȥץĽӱ̴һ󶴡
㣬еЦãû뵽ǿôһ¶˴ͨİʯ
ˣûԹҲûлڻָ֮УͨҪ˰Ǿ鷳ˡ
ʹһŴƣ˷ôסģ
ΣǣָսӣȻصһڣǽĺһڵǿ󣬳ϴħʦϣͷǳ̵⵽ˡ
µ񣬳ֻõԼڵĽԪǰ棬ľԪ·
ڵΪ֮ì֮ܵʵдˡ
ΪһٳɹΪʱ䣬ֱˡԽ׼򣬹
һ䣬Խ˲٣Ѫֵֻ˷ӣ㱻˺һ϶ԽǰһѪܵͨڡ
Ҫʧʱ򣬳Ͻ¾ۼľԪҲһͬͷ˳ȥ
䣡
һը죬ֱڳϵʶ
ľԪŰȥ
γڼ
Ȼһ̣ʼգžҵʹϵԽǿҪƿһͨҪԽʹ͸Ǿҡ
ǳһ򣬶ǴʹлãһεʹʵǱϵɽ»𺣻ǧٱ
̷˵ҩɫպһ㣬㿴ͷֱðĳϣЦǸķأǲҵԪڣǲ֪ҵԪôģӣǵ˱ıԵɡ
ⷬǰթ˵ģԳϻżɵҪǿôʹӣָĵһ£ӣӻһڣʰСӡ
ǣڣˣôһ취ҪŪ֣ô
ţȥߵñȽ³ּһԪķǺɾͲֹˣٱΣΪ϶Ҫ䵽֮
ϸͲᣬֻƴײţҧžʹ
һߣͷһֱųϣ֪Ǹ취ֻһСϷڲ£Сӻ᲻ʡ
Ϊߣʱп˵۷弶ȻôģͶ䣬ʵϢ
رߣҲԣͷĿɾͲһ̨ףΪʾ֭Ű취ͷȥСӡ
ţΪͻòУһڵǸĽԪȥûƹôܹʹãҪǽԪУ˵ǰͷȥסһᣬܹģˣ̫쵰µãԪ䵽ǸСӵ
ͣס˽ŲΪǹļµĸоٴθֳĪСܽľԪתΪãôܣ
Ȼļ£һõĻᣬҲô۾һתһУ뽫ìջ̽
ìڿеһɲǣ
ڵĵͨȫͨˡ
ʱһɲɽϢӳɢ
ڼսͷһ⡭⡭ɽһ㣿ôˣͷɽĴڣҲ֪õɽڵʱ䡣
뵱ɲɽһ㣬㻨꣬꣬ʷģģһȣͷһ졣
µʱ䣬ɲɽһ㣬Ѿſݵˡ
Ҳо˳ϵı仯ǼӽٶȣۿìҪصУȴϵץס˾ì̡
أٶ֡
һҧʮ²ոջָĳԪֱˡ
ץìֱս˴ָŰЦһڵģ
ƣȷʵûж⣬ֻһڣġûԼбƵľ棬ؿ˿ƵϢȻΪΪʲôܾƣ˺ܶأ
ˡ
ǰһһȭɽһȻ


299 ԪԱ
ͨɽһ㹦ɡ
Ҳķ˲ԪһϾ˹ҽԪڣ
һȭȭͷѸٱܵĿҲƱ˰㣬ѿžش졣
ɶ񣡡
ƣһϲȣֱķܷӵڸջָĳԪҲȫȴԹȫ
ȭͷȻ£һ¡ؾ졣
Ǽǿ磬âһ£ѸķԪҲķɢ
ѪǴｦֱӱǾ޴ĸë׸ѹ
ߵķݰ㣬ֱȥ۾ȫǿ־壬߽ǿ̶ȣѾͬСɣһȭǰǷֽһ㡣
⣬ǡһȭж
ڳжôһʣеԪ־ģһȭɢˣƴһҪӣ
һھѪһ⣬ҪԶѭȥ
ڲӣˣ
ϼֻܳһӰһԾʱ㵲˰·ϣû뵽ϵٶȣѭ죬һͷײ˳š
㡭˵һ֣һѪӿ۾âȥɣ
ȻǴԱ⡣
ٶȸǲؽֱնڰСԱֻû³ͱն롣
ԶʹͷļСӣ
ûӦ
һը죬ó϶˺ըܣֱϰΧ
˵Ѿ϶ϲٱըǿߣȻԪȻ޴棬̤磬ڵﴦһħ޾˵Ĺ壬ΪԪˡ
ҲΪԪ˵ĴڣΪǿֱԪ๵ͨҲĸ
ԣ٣һ֮£Ԫ˱Ȼը
Ԫˣϲ֪Ҳѡ
ڱըٵһ˲䣬ֱԼǴһҶСۣһӱ˦ߴһֱݺݵӵס
һߣζɵڵţӡȻֱεڵء
ͷһƬȻ֮ɫԭΪΪ϶Ǻĵӣ޵֪ʶ϶˽⣻֪󲿷֣ǳԸĥģʦǣ̵Ҳǧٹֵġ
Ǻãô
ͷʧ֮ʱΪȴǴһΪϣǿĵЦݣû뵽жôġ
Ϊ˵ܳôģֻҪˣˡ
˵ıǣһڵҲˣ־ֻʣ֪ˡ
۾һת⣬Ϊһۣ໥˵ͷ˱ͷ˸ɱС
ͷǳϣһʱػ
Ϊòȫ˵ﻹԴ̣ΪҪͷ֮ٽ߳ϾǸƻҲͬСɣϵδҡ
ͬˣֱ¶ҲҪŻΪ졣
еˣûȥϻ϶òˣһôǿǿùһ߽Ա
ΨһĽֻǻ
ɢ
ǳûлԪָǳûн۵ǰǳûиղŵ䣬ǳûɲɽһ㣬ǰԪĴôϵȷɡ
ϧûЩǡ
ϱúúõģȻʹͱըϮ£شɳϣš
ɢȥͦεӰٴγǰ
Ǳ߼սˣȻ϶ϱǣȴĳعͷһһɫ˷츲صı仯
ԭɫģ˾ϲ֡
ԭȵģȫһƬǲ⣬ǿ־壡
ôܻ˵ǳʣԱУҲԶôúõģΪʹ似Ҳһ͡
߸ǲ磬еϢ߽ڵء
˴ûᣬͷȻŹשֱΪ죻һȭȻߺȥ
ΪߵĿ⣬ضųϣϣһӰһ񣬶ǻģģ
ʱΪע⵽Ļשɫ䣬Ͻӽȥնȴǳˡ
ͬʱǶȭͷߵţ
ϣǰһ


300 ն
϶ˣ
ᶨģ°㣬ǰһ
ȫֿͷΪߣһĻʱʧɫԪתҲͻһͣ
˲䣬ȭͷУש£
߱ؿݣΪҽ˵صף˴ˡ
Ϊ˵ӮҲϣҲϡ
Ա϶ϱͷػϻţ˾ͷˡ
ȻţʱʺģϢǾϾ߽Աɲġ
ǣǰľƣϢ
ӲӿѪĿϬӥöָУǿȼԪٶȣܵǰ棬ͷȵǻȥ
СӣϷ۽磬Ϸһѣȡ˵ͷЦ˵ȴǼΪ˵ƾݾ㹻ˣѪս仹ʢ
ͽˡͷߣɱΪ졣
ã
²飬ʹĿǰóһУѵصڶʽն£ؽҫʹâһתƷ׶ݻһ۽⣬ƿ֮һߣڶƺƴ˼㡣
ͷȭͷǣѪﻹ˼ţǸСôûأ
ͻأһΣյĸоϮ
̧ͷһɫ䣬磬ƣ˲һ˿ͷ
⡭ôˣûкͬھôҲҪܵ˰ɣʽ߾һͷǣӣӣ
ֻǣߵķӦһģҪߣȴѵǰ
ʱ־糱ˮһϮԳһ֪⣬ԴУôҲһнôҲؼҵ̫ϳϣ
ָֻɴ̣͵ؿһ壬һھѪ߶ط߱ϢΪһֺȻѿֻһߣ״ǰһһģһֻȴС˺ܶ࣡
ǰһߣʹСźɫѪųϳȥ
֮ǰĳϣһУȻ㲻ɴʱƥУ˵ֵܵ
۵Ǵʱõݣ
âţʽС߲ϣ羪һ졣
ԲطþѪ߱ƷϢ߽СߣȻһ㡣
Ȼ⽣ǰȴֻֽһɲǣС߾ͱնأһֵ֮û
ߴʧɫѭضɡ
ʽȻ壬ߵķֱ˺ѡ

ߵľӱؽʳѪȡǰĽѵǸĪԱԪָķܣӼˡ
һأԱûз
һƬѪУǸһɫӣȭͷСһ죬ӦȥǼ죬ײѪУһֽɫץסŽ˴ָ
ʵ߸ûԱӣؼĿǰľƣͽܲʧһĴۣؼҵĻطԴ˵ֵƬ̣ȡһܵʱ䣬֮زز
ǣǳĿѵصڶʽڲɽһɵ£ӵʵ̫ˣ
նߺ󣬳Ӹ䵽ʱɻ˼£ߵĴָ뻳У۾ͷΪƴɱΪĻĵĴϣȷʵֹϵķҲƷĴڡ
ԣͷһ
ҽ֮ʱΪԥأӳ罣䵲סשӣȥ
ΪҲӣеĿ־壬֮ʱĿ־壬ҪĿ־壬ȫڳϣϾȻһɱнʹˣ
Ϊ춼ȥˣʱźڣôɷǣ̬
Ϸ£ӳȥˣͷĿһݣӰ׷ȥϴʱҲţӣ룡
׷ˣôƴҲ׷ǣϣһֱֻܶѪؽ֮ϣҽԪȫעؽУؽѣ
ؽնͷ­
˵ؽԶУ£˻ڵͷһ㡣
ȥϿֺȳһ֡
ʱؽһĻߣһ㣬׷Ϊĺ档
˿ؽٶȣá֮ݣ֮һ


301 նһ
ƿ˺
Ϊɫѿޱȣиһ˿ԭˣɱֻвҪɳ֮ǰٵ
ǣһһıϣһһεա
߽ԱɱʲôɱΪĸоǲϴ̽ƿɻͷһǰֵؽֱңͬʱǸ۷ͷҲǽں󣬡ѵڽô
ΪһҧָռķƷҲգƷҲãȫһԶͳһѪֱؽͷȥЩؽԶʱȵ
¡
ϵǱߣ¶һ˿ЦݣҲ֪ͻǳؽɽػܾԱЩըʤؽ˵Ч
УЩԪʯϵػɷĩһʮ֮£ȡԪٶȸ졣
׷ΪһһͷĽŲըķ£ò൲ؽȻһʹ⣬ǣֱΪ졣
Ϊɫɷףô෨һըԷͬСɣȴûнǰѽԪըɢΪԡS˲ӴܣؽҲͬĹ켣׷٣
⣬ΪȻؽʶеľ޷ݣĪӲĪҪ
Ϊʱ飬Ҳǻ࣬뵽ҪˣҾˣɲ֣ҲûеλᱻԵҪǸƻʵʩˣɹˣҲֻĹߣһλƽΣա
ڣˮһΪûڲϽ³ԹӦһ£Ǹ֣ҲԼֺá
ǻΪ죬Ϊɱϣֵ飬֪ôıͷ˱˼׷ɱĶ
ָһ˲䣬ؽϮ
ΪعӣĽԪǣԹأ˲ͷֳǧâҪؽ
ؽһ¡ޱȣ
նһһĽâֱǰ
ΪҲҽȫϣϵķϣʵؽǰûģһҧֳһâնһѪâ棬â˲ɺɫұ֡
һֱ۵ĴۣЩâؽؽȻնţٶΪô˻ᣬӡ
ؽ˵Ľ
ͷüͷһЩأѪѭӵóȥΪ϶ҲҪ磬ǣʹȥôܣ
һͷеԪֱӹΪ죬ȫעؽһȣͷˣ
ؽõԪһıһؽâУɱȥ
ס
Ϊǭ¿޼ƿʩб㣬֪ˣͲˣͱСӣһͬھͲţܻš
ڣǸ֮⣬ʹԱҲӰ첻˼ҷֺ
˼С
ؽһת죬һѪܵͷ­ֱڿա
ˣûꡣ
ؽŷϿУֱΪʳ룬һŽɫӣ๾˳
ôϣҲߵĺ󳾣ʹ䣡
Ϊˡ
ϿһĻŵңһ˿ֱлԵĸоζεڵأѺ͵浹ʮȵӣӲֱٶȥζڻС
ɴ԰׵ݣζζ
ζ˳ϵĺŬۣϣʵӣڤ𣿡
ɵϣûġ
ûôܿ㣿
Ҳû
ûζϲ֮ɫƹųϵо¶ȣ˳ϵĻӣĶû
ȳϻشζ㽫ϱý´ӾǰһӾʧǰ
ˣܺ󣿡УһȽŵһһʵ֣ζ
꣬ϵԺֳָϹܿӰһ꣬ҲһΣ뵣Ρ
߲Ѫӵ
ؽ˻һԡ
ͷɫЦݣ켴һЩ⣬ֲ⣬Сӣôˣ


302 գ
Ʈɽһս
Ϊ졢䣬ǿأһսΣһսͷϾоҲɱøɸɾ
ΣգǰŴô
һʰϵĴָһѾìһԪһϵԪˣһŽϵԪˣƵԪʯȫƷԪʯ˶ҵλͣһ£ʮƷԪʯΪ࣬һ˾ƷԪʯҿɵԪʯΪôԪʯǾͲΪˡ
һ˵ĴָͱȳôǿĲƱҪ༸
Ԫʯ֮⣬֮ĸ꺮һЩģмеϣЩĵرҲǲ٣ĽָﻹЩƷ׵ĵҩƷϴ赤׾ȣƷĲԪȴûˣڴҳҩܸȻ˹ϧظһϴ赤һ׾ϴ׾Ļʣ
⣬иƷ׵似ǳ
ڵңһĸ̡
ȻЩǳĲƸĲƸ壬һεĴóϵӿƷƷҲԻ֮ң˲ɽһ㣬ôﵽټϡֱ̨ףֱƾ
ͷ˳ϹԪ˵֪ʶиǳɻǳ⣬£νǰδУ޾˵ĵڣһУϲ֪᲻Ԫˡ
һ㣬óϺǵǣͷ˵ԪˣǾͲԪֱӹͨԺƴصƣȡԪʯԪֱӴؼ伳ȡݣ
ңһ磬ԪΪһ壬ǰᣬҪӵԪˣûԪˣһжûϷ
ϽⵣȷһߣԪˣȤʮŨأͷԪˣΪԪ֣̺ԪǳӴ
ûԪ˸ȡˣҪڹؼʱãⶫǾϻ⣬۳ԪˣһҪȥѧһҪѧ֣ԸԼһЩȲԪҪĵҩֲࡣ
ܽԪˣҲҪѧΪζгŵǿƷľյ
ս֮󣬳Ҳụָ̂Ͼһս˲ᣬøһսͷҲûڰУأʳǲʣʳ˿ɲɽһ㣬ʳΪʲôͬһ㣬ȴô࡭
Щʣͷסˣûʣÿ˶ԼܣˣǺúõص걣ڣȻʡ
ڰ˱նʱ򣬱ˡ

һڳϸﴫŭһ˵ʦѾǸ߽ڱɱѾ࣬ѵɵϹ֣
пܡ
飬һҪװף˭ɱ˰ʦܣɵĻҲòʲôƻֱʦ֣ɡ
Ǹô죿
ŽƣĿģӴһھĨɱ⣬Ǹڰ˫ɷʲôͷʦ֮ǰϢɺɷƣúòһ¡
ɣ׿ƣڵأţˣˣˣ׿ǽӽڸ߽˭ɱǺãҾܾʹ˻ǸǸǰƻ϶鵽ʲô޻·
һˣվӣԸһ׽֮ˣ¡
ǣؼլһλ׺ߣƣ߬ұŭغ޵ܣ˭ɱ㣬Ǹڰ˫ɷƾǵΪĶ֣˭֣ңһڣɣ
һ£âܣ˭ɱ㣬ҶΪ㱨ģҲûϣʹ䣬һؼٸٹ⣡
ûɱΪˣֻһ
Ȼһ
һ£һΪΣǸ׷飬Ʈɽϡ
ʱͷѭ֮


303 Ϣ
ͷûʳЩʡ
ͬҲûͷΪʲôʱ֣ûǵǲûΪʲôҪ
ͷѭ֮ͷûв˽ֱӽһѭ˳ϣóϣʲôľ
ѭĥ֮󣬳һĳأȴڿϲ
޾һ˵ɣʹҲɲߣϴӳֵʮľõ˵
ǣھ壬Ǭ֮󣬾ȫˡ
Щϸõĳ˵ֻҪ㹻ԪǼֱСһΨһ鷳ģҪǾĺó
ֻҪͨһ򣬴ɣ
Ȼ˿󣬷򣬾ͽһ񣬳ϽѭľͼԺһпձ㣬룬ҪҪԪ˴ͨɽڶͨнѭҲɣ߾磬ƴɱУҲһ·
֮󣬳ͷ£ϺòץסһܴɽˣȻǲŹõһ֪֮̽⣬ȴͷҲû׵ġ
õôһ𰸣ʲûǸɻˡ
ţ˵ĪϣʱôûиоΪֲͣţҲӦֲŶԡ
ΪңϢһڵǸ̷ϢϢķǸΪ컹Ϣֻҵ˵㣻ҵΪǸߣҷǣȴܷҡϢʱƣһ㣬಻Ϣʮӣڶ㣬Ϣʱ߾磬ʱͷ˵꣬Ҳɴֱ࣬ӽϢָ˳ϡ
óϿϢʱͷ˵˵Ϊһ磬ͲϢһֱ࣬Ķһվһ˭ҲֲˣҸûʱơ
һĥ֮ʵĪϣȻϢΣ˵̽ţôûֿԽΪ͵˵ֹһֻһ佫ʦ
ͷ΢΢Ծشųϣ˵Сӣ뷨Ȼ֣˶ͲԼΪԽԽã㵹ãŽԼΪͣٶȣʮ꣬޳նɱȻնɱЩȡɣҲǰδ֮ˣ͵һ㣬ǲġ
ﻹǴ⣬һĿģǾǸԶ֣öֽΪƵһ㣬ϻƴɱУźܴôԣŽʵĪϣ𣿡
ֹ˵ӦУֻҲ֪ںδϡͷ˼˵΢΢̾Ϣͷ˵ԵȥԣܲԵ⣬ӦҲֹͬЧĵҩ
У
ǳϡҩģǷҩ似ȵȰĽ׳ԪʯҲﻻ裻ɱСַУһλ佫ڷԵһСֻϧ佫ȴ޸ܣ˱ɱͷŸп˵ͻתԳ˵ǼܲʱòãҪȻ˵죬˵ǣңЩĶôһս֮ʱ֪ҪռϷ磻⣬ĥĥǼһ㵽𣬶ܽǷ˵׼Ч
ʹûԪָ֮ʱĴָǾ㿴ˣҲûĪô˵һɳ嶯óԪָĪϣһ룬ˣĪϡ
ͷǲ֪룬˵˷֮⣬һЩᣬ׻֮ĴڣҲԶȥ˵һڵĽᣬһᣬһڣʱ׵ĳϣ϶١
ϽЩҪȥԹҪȥؽҼصϣǧؽţһƬҶƵġ
⣬ҪռƾյĲϣȻڻƷʦԶԶȽռ󣬵ʱҲöࡣ
ˣСӣ㻹Ҫڰ˫ɷһ·ȥ
ʮƷԪʯЦҡҡͷˣ׼ߴ·ȥ;ķԣܲԵʲôöˡ
ôشͷҲһھѾǿߣһ·ȥ֪ǳʲôϹ
ͻأµʵĪϣ˵ǰһھɱλǰʲô˰


304 
λǰħӣʵ޲žĪ˵ôһ䣬Ȼ²⵽˵ľʦĪ׿˵ﻹŹҲĪĺøС
ĪϽŹħӵĴ˵ţ֪ʦ޵£ĪϵƷ˵ħӱһλԹǰһʥ졣
˵ħߵλգ˵һԣһ˫⣬ȴӿǸСŮӵ⣬ʦ˶ǸʦĶ֣ʦһ𾳽硣
˵Īϵ˿ϧ֪ΪʲôҶڲ²ħǰǲΪ˽չصʱȴһڵľɱǰϛo˺ܶˮһЩĪеȫǰͷϣټϵǰ˲ˣЩҲû˷ˣһɱڣѹò׷ɱǰŽǰƵ˴
Ī˵Ĭ˺һֵǰš
Ͽ϶˵ͷţʦһַʽŵģһַʽ𣬻ٸ£˷
ˣĪϣأ
Ǻ˵ǰȥ˴˵ɱˣ˻˵ɽ֣˵ﺦǰһ²⣬Ҳ̫ͬ⣻ħǰǰİ飬ǿǧž춯أǰܱѵġ
ҲǰᱳѡζԱ߲һ䣬˵⻰ʱ˳һۣ˼־Σͬڡ
Ͻеŭѹ£ʵʦѾŰײϣдһǱѣ
ͻأĪתͷų´һ˵˵Сӣħǰ࣬ʵ滹ûǰǰ㾪ޣӣ˼洫Ƶġ
ϰһΪĪϿأ
СӣһڣԺ·ߣؼǧ壬Ҳô׺Ūģ𿴽£ֻ֪֪֪ƾһڵһǻģ֮һڿţҪһڣˣǾͻǰʱ㻹Ļһھͻг㣬ԣڵ㣬һҪܵΪߣ뿪뿪һڵΧ
Ī˵ģ֪ȫԣȴܾ뿪ҪʦĹǰĳŵôҪ򲻵֮ʱ뿪
ţʵĪ϶ħʦǰܹ
ûħǰҲû˽ҡ
Īϳص˵һ䣬ûм׷ȥпһι£ƻһйأΪ˲Īϵ£˵ĪϣܲܰСһæ
˵ɣұꡣ
˭
Ҳ֪֣㾡˵С
ϲ²˾˭ȴ˵Īϰźɷǰһ·ϼǿɣҺζظϡ
ⲻܹʱһڴ鷳ǲͽڰ˫ɷϵ
ֻҪǰΣ֮ˡ
𼸸ǿɣҲǷָ֮¶ʲôΣҪһ׼ǣǲŽΣôʱˣ²˳٣ͷֿжɡ
лǰˡ
˸˳ͣǲлǾ¾ͺãʱԻ
ĪЦţǰȥȸԾ֮䣬ʧǵ
˺һζỽһӡϲͷһЦ߹ȥһܱ˵Щֶץʱɽʮһ㻰һ㶫֮󣬱ץסζ֣෴ķȥ
һХץס𩣬̤ȥѾ׾ϴ赤պҲö࣬ҲڵؽƷָ߽ʱգɾ͡
ɽʮվƮɽϣһֱûгߣƮɽЩǿˣλصҲûٳ֣͵͵سˣʣ޼ЩǿȻҴɽʮ⣬ɽʮȴڲ²źڰ˫ɷ
ʱ𩽫ϵĻһöָɽʮƮɽһ㣬ڱĵؽƮ
ͬʱһа׹ǵİɣʼɱϣһߣһһɣ˰׹ǰС
Щʼʱ򣬳ζѾݳǡ


305 
ݳǣĴƽԭط֣ݳݺɣз紵ݵţĹ⾰Ĵͨʮַ㣬ٲȻһĵش
ãͨãǲ˵ݳǣؼҵһҪǳأؼµĹ٣ÿܸؼҴٵԪʯ
ݳǷǷҲͬĹ˿ͣΪһ㶼͡
ʱζⷻС
ζͷϵɴѾȡ£Ȼһֱһôȡ£ǴɴĿʵеζΪ˲ЩȫûбҪ鷳ժɴңգҲһòٴ棻Ҳǰ׷üҲһƽס
ǰȣֱǲʮǧ
Ȼǳ̷ʲôεһĸ߽׵ҩֻƤߣƤ൱£һ˻濴
ƤߣȴߵĴָΪ֣ЯƤߣǲ٣պø˳˷㡣
ϵϢûɣñ˿Ϊ͵ĹǵҩҲûҵԣϴ˿ɢϢΪߡ
·ϣҲû˶ע⣬رǳϣƤߺǾԵֶȺѾͺױ֣֮ǿߣҲ٣Ļ佫
ÿ߽һҵ̣ЩƹǹȻ˵ʵѣʮҵתȴһ񣬴ֶһЩƽ֮ʲôķͨϵȵȡ
Ȼ֮ûټȴٵϢĻƣȻͬǱʰǱ۰ϣǱϺȻɱĵӣɣƨûзһ˵ΪǵĵֻعοЩ˱ûйԣʲôڽϢ˵ľƣ˵пܾǽĵһ
ЩϢһЦֻǶͬ˽ģζζʲôֻó϶һڸ
ϻڼתţζĽ£˲ٵͨϣ׼һʱ䣬úĥһ£ͬʱ˲ͨҩ
ӣҪ
Ȼ
ҪΪҪҪĥ󷨣Ҫôྫ𣿡ζ۵˵һЦҪ˵ͻȻüëһǰߣߵһƧ֮ͣ˽ŲתһΪ߲ͣһ佫һϮµ˵¸ôãҪͼ𣿡
ӸϽܿ˿תͷȻĿⶢһǣֻΪˣģףҪװȥǺ϶ϳ͡
ϽһϹɳƵ˵ǰˣСȷʵЩǾ޴⣬Ҫ͸ǰһݴ񡣡
磬ʵΪ𣬳϶ǰ֣ѾˣĿԾϬΪ˵˵ǸϷŪңӦú
ϻδ䣬㽫ѹ˼ɵͷų㣬ǱôܶأֱоԼһͷ޶סһĶ¡
ڳֻǾһ£ûмȥȻѹת˲ţУǾ²ѣϽ˵ǰǽСʮŵҲϷŪǰСȷʵҪһݴ񡣡
ϻ˵ص㡣
ģҿǰ˲ٵ̣ȻѰĳǡ˵һߣȻǳϺܲˬĆ£ӸϽĻ£ֱӵǰҪҵĳ˵ϵõ

֣ϻȤֻһʲôתͷζζҲҡҡͷ
Ӽ⻭棬һϲϽ˵ͷв࣬ǽ׹ƷĵطֻƷһ㶼ͨĶǳһƷ
ѾҪȥȴʵΪʲôң
һܽģҪôǲƴ֣ҪôΪǰĸ˲ſԲμӡӱ߽ͣһƨ
Ͽεε˵ͷȻҲǶȤŻعӴָóƷԪʯӸӣ˵ǰ·ɡ
ллǰӼϳִ󷽣дϲ룺϶һλү֮ʲôʱҵõɣ϶١
һ룬ԽĹˣһǰߴ·ųˣҹգƵģȥ


306 ϹܿϢ
ȥʱԶڼǧ֮⣬һХİɣеĺɷǼƮɽǿ֮ĵˡ
ټɽʮɱǿ˿飻һ׹ǰƲ
һʱ䣬ǿɣһƬণɣĳЩ壬ڰźɷŰ׹ǰɽʮ
ݳǡ
Ǹ϶һ̣ȴǲ֪ҪǳǿһУҪѹ˰Ϊ졢ˣϻһ⵰
ӻӳ׬Ԫʯʱ˵ǰС˽кݳˣǰЩʲôСһ֪޲ԣ޲
ɨ˺һۣʵûʲô̶ܴӣ
аԶ̶ͨӣĻϰؼҵˣȫЩǳбϡ
ؼң
ǰǸ壬ڵĵһңݳǻؼҵĵ̣ؼݳкܶ⡭֪Ĳ٣һѣϹ뷶ң˵ϺȤϲ˵һϹ뷶һƴƴ˸ܾˣؼҵʵֽһʧ˵ϹؼҪϹҵ飬ʲôϹܿ
üͷ͵һֻ˵Ҫ޸ؼλµģѾһͬ·ͬȥһڡ
ȴû¶һ飬ں˵һ֮ת˵˵Ϲ뷶ңòᵽһƵˣɵĺĵӣǱʰһǱ۰ʮͬǰδ֮£ǸƵģпɣǳţӣ󻹽ŸţǸƵĹʵ˵ãҪƵĺɣ϶Ҳ֡
ϢζʵŵıζרԴӣ˵Ҷô˵ģкβ𣿶˵Ǹơ
ϵ˵·
ʱԣŭǿߣ޶֮
ζһۣɫһƬأϹܿϢϸЩķ
Լаʱ˱һͨӣİܼ򵥣ƹһۣƹͷ㽫Ժȥ
ԺмɽϪˮвлһƬ֣ʯ̽һ飬û״ȴֵֹģƱ˶ֽš
ʱζչͷ˵ӣƺĳ󷨡
󷨣󷨣˵Ѿʧò𣿡
ҲһЩǹϵļ壬ӦЩ󷨣һҲһЩ󷨡
˵䣬ѾóһʯƵĶʯĳô£Ǿʯм䣬һС·һصߵС·
Ȼǰȥȴ䱸Ͼİ֮أӵ󷨵ģ϶ʵף˵ǰμģ滹֪жٸˣĳЩ
С·ͨһƬ֮أƬصܣŨŨǴ޵ŨҪʤһ޵Уϵܿ壬ڴ˴̽ȴֻ֪̽ҵķΧ
Ͻ䱸ζһ㣬ζȻһЦס˳ϵĸ첲
յ룬һ̨ϱŨһ󣬺ȥ
ţȻһԱ֮䣬ʶֻǲ֪ˣûﶯֽš
ȻŨ濴ȴֿʮͬǰζĴ鿴ƺ뿴⾿ʲô󷨡
˺һ̨϶һˣʽʼ
ʦıУĶȡ˳˵б룬׷룬ֱӦľˮȡԶıߵݣʮƶɣҼ󷨣ܴϵ
ʦ˵ŨѾһһľ̾Ƕû뵽ĵһ
ʦ˵ȥбȻƷ
仰һִ˵ϧʦ˵ǣƷбҲ·硭
ͷͲ࣬˷ʤ˵׵ġ
һƬ
ʦֵб룬ۣƷԪʯÿμӼۣһƷԪʯ
ҳ򣡡
ҳʮ򣡡
ʮһ򣡡

һȺۣתͷʵζζҪ𣿡


307 ɽ
һб룬ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣͱĵ˶ʮƷԪʯ
Ͼͷ͵ϮͬʱҲΪĵƣ˵Ԫˡ
ʵζ֮ǰѾ¶ģҪб롣
ֻζжһЩ
ȻζΪɴС㣬ЩȻ٣ҲףκκͳһµɣķǱ뽣ɻ뽣ƷóãһóȻòȼŨṴ֮̃һ·ϣ༸ҲǺõġ
ʮ򣡡
Ũдһ˶ɳĬʮƷԪʯѾܶˣǵĳܷΧҪ֪ԪʯԽףҪǿ
ߵŷ꣬ѾǿĵЦݣĿģҲΪ͸ˣߣһλɫɴŮӡ
ŮӶΪΪ۾ãȻ񣬿նģ֪ʲô
ʱ
Ͽˣƽ˳ʮ򣡡

󷨵ܴ˵ʶͬʱޱ
ʮ֣ȫһѭڵķ俴ֻŨʲôҲ
Ϊܽ뻳е꣬ʱɫʮѿͻıļƻ
Ȼе꣬ûע⵽ߵɴŮӣϵ֮ӾȻһ۾âɴ޷Զ
ֻ֪ڼǰӣȻưոݣʮһ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ɣϡ
濴ȥʮһ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
һԥûУϵԪʯȫǿһ㶼ۣȻЩԪʯܹΪṩٵԪǣЩԪʯζöһֵıֶΣȫһ֣ȻǺϧ
ζ۾ԣҲԴƮɽһս֮󣬴Ӷģ˱仯Ŀ⣬Ҳ˸һЦݣԾȻζǡ
෴ǣȻʮƷԪʯȥһƷһŮڣҲܳܵġ
ֺݣöǸİˣԹޣٺۣȴֻҪ㻹ݳǣҾ֪㵽ʲôˣҺԡ
˿̣ɴŮУӿţϤ̵̣꣬һһţ𣿡
УԹޣҲ˵һζ
һߣʮƷԪʯб룬ר͵ڵķ䣬ԪʯбݸζζЦ˵ӣлл㡣
һЦЩԪʯɶһ׬ġ
˵˻лڶƷֿʼˡ
ֻ̨ϣһĻŮӣһ˵һнɽӣƷܹ߳ɵԪʹǳȫһҲʹӵһ
𣬴ķͺ٣ɽӾȻֵܵ߳ԪĹսռıö˵ҶˣҪڳ£ӵһ
׼۶ʮÿξۣһ򣡡
ʦ£ֱӺˡʮ򡱣ȻҲҪø߼סˣԼٵԪʯĵⷽɽӡ
Ȼ˺ʮʵ̫Сˣڡʮ򡱵ʱ̱˸ˡʮ򡱡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򡫡

һ·գۼ㵽ʮ򣬿ɼɽӵķжôĶ
۾ȼΣҲҪּ˻ģԼãôõķȥѰ
ߵɴŮӣʲôҲû˵ֻͷƫһ£ƺڵȴʲô
ԼĻԪָǿòɽӣȴȻ⣬ҪȻΪζĵġ
Ȼڻ壬ϸζһɫ壬ҲܽһԪɢȫܼˣôŹأ
ֻǣûսţڵȡ
ͬʱҲھȣı˭Ȼóķ
˼֮䣬ɽӵļ۸Ѿ˾˵ġʮ򡱣
ôʱȻڼӼۡ
ӱ֮һʮ򣡡
ˣһһ˻ûзʮһ򣡡
һ򣡡
Ҳѧ˳ϵơ
˵ƻãһ֮£ס˿ڡ
ûе⣬ĿͶ˱ߣ㻹Ҫ𣿡


308 ͨ
ɽӣ겻ǰûлôԪʯȥб룬ҪȻĲˡ
ֹߵɴŮӣű棻Ҳţűλˣ᲻ʦҲڴǰλۣһĵüֵԽߣõķֳɾԽࣻҲΪˣʦ䷳˵šɽӡĺôһõú
ǣʦ˵˺ܳʱ䣬ǸڴҲûѾˡڶΡǸٲĻɽӾҪһƷԪʯļ۸ĳȥˡ
Ǹû
԰ɴŮȴĪ꣬ʦҲ׼ΣɽĻ
ͷϿںһһǧ
ʦ쳣ƻţһһǧһһǧˣûбһһǧߵģһһǧֵһһǧӵС
ʦÿ죬˵һ֮󣬲žòԾѾм۵ˡһ򡱣˲ųһһǧǡһһ򡱡
ⲻ
ʱ˳ЦҲһļЦݣﻹ˵ǰ׳ա
ʦɫѿ˸ﵷҵĻǺԻúܲңʦ֪ͨĻʱĸ֣ƷԪʯ
ƷԪʯʲôһһǧƷԪʯʦһ£ŻعеһһǧƷԪʯˣûܱһһǧƷԪʯߵģûС
ЩЦŵˣʱƿԣݣȴһε
ƷԪʯƷԪʯͬնƷԪʯ̺ʷǳ࣬Ҳ൱鷳ƷԪʯʱȽ٣ټϣƷԪʯͱƷԪʯ١
ԣһƷԪʯ൱һٿƷԪʯ
ңʹͬȼֵԪʯһƷԪʯһƷԪʯôѡģ϶ҲһƷԪʯ
ƷԪʯҲöܻ࣬Լʱ䣬ȻȡһƷԪʯǳֱ̬ٶȣҲûһʮɡ
Ǿ͸˵һˣǼȡһ꣬궼пܵġ
ϳһһǧƷԪʯ൱һһʮƷԪʯҪǼƷԪʯĻǹҪӵһʮ򣬲лõɽӡ
Ҳ֪ƷԪʯƣκָƷԪʯĲˣʣµľʮƷԪʯʮƷԪʯ
һƷԪʯټǧƷԪʯҧ˵еĻˣҪǻѹסˣûа취ˡ
һǧƷԪʯ
ϵôƽһȴǵͨ죬˫ȭýɴŮӿԱӣﾹȻһȥѰĺޣȴֵ˲٣켴ɴŮһƬ䣬ţټ棬
ɽӡֵζζסڳһڣղŻʮָ˷緶ĳϣͨޱȣζЦӣɰ
Ʒǲ
ȻģȴЩǳϡ
ΪϽЩȫȫζ֮ãϾһ㣬ɨƷ
ǳ˵ĸߵʵЩܲζ˵ãζȻͲȥ˼ˡ
ˣԳ϶ʮֵĲǿ˲ٵıȴֻǿõòָоܡ
ܵľǸˣɴŮȴڻɣôԪʯѵҲһ㣿
һߣζ˵ӣͷֻ»кܶ˶ǵģʱô죿
Ҿ͸һϲˣҲϲˣҪҵķҪñ׼һлɢ׼˵꣬ЦŶζ˵ζ֪ڵʲôģµġ
ζĥеķҪʱЩӷЧãźڽпܵƴУһ֮
ʦĵģЦݵ˵ǽһǳر𣬲߱Ϊ
һ仰˵ˣ󲿷ֶΪҲвˣΪߣȴǲƴ֣Ҳμ
ǣһ˵ùʲôΪȻҪΪ
⵽ʲô
еˣעˡ
ʦֿ˵ǷҲϣһϢ


309 ˮԪ
һϢ
еߣûϵһƷһϢ
ϸɻ󣬴ûвμӹ֪ϢҲܹ
ﶼڲ²ţһϢȻҪߵΪ硣
ȵͬʱһˣƵ˼㡣
ȻǸ꣬ҪĶȫˣһһƷĲʸûУΪֻһн佫ѡ
Ļͣһн佫ҲǺ˲һ£ҲţŵĽ죬ȴܱ
ʦѴҵθڶˣ˵ϢǹˮԪϢ
ʲôˮԪ
ŨУһƬ
üëһζζˮԪʲô
룬Һ̫үү˵ζüͷ˼š
ķ߿ȻˮԪɺޣǵҪΪΪҾܡôˮԪϢ
ǳŵˮԪϢʵϢûе׼ۣλ⾺ģ
û˵
ã˺һƷԪʯ
һƷԪʯ֪ˮԪϢ룻ҳƷԪʯ
ʮЦٲһܣƷԪʯ
ʮƷԪʯ

ļ۶ǰһƶС˲٣ǣعһ룬ǰЩʵʵڵģõģǰ⣬һϢĴڡ
ˮԪĪ˵ʮƷԪʯƾʮƷԪʯҲ˺˳
ԽԽҡ
üһƬأһϢô˾ģˮԪĲ򵥡Ȼûгֻ֣ǿţζĴ𰸡
ͻأŨһҳǧƷԪʯϢˡ
ܰԵ˷˵ˣˣǿЦ˵òȻֻһϢΪˮԪЩһϣҲҪһͷѪġ
˵Ļ˵꣬Ǹٴɭ𣬡ټϷ޿أ
ʲô޿棬޿ȻҲ˾ղ˵ˣȴɫһƬ԰ףѣСѾͷһ
Ϸ޿棬λһӣպҲü治ǣ˭ӣ棬Ҳӡ޿˵ҲΪŨ֮УҲ֪Ǿ˭˭ҪҺ¶һҳȻ󡭡
Ȼ󡱺Ļ޿û˵ȥ
޿ͻȻð˵ôһ֮ڳˣȻһƬĬûپ۵ġ
ǲ뾺ۣʵ޿ţ̫ˡ
޿棬ɣҲĳ֮ˣκһߣ½ͳһΪɢߡ
һ˵ٲԪʯҩ֮ԴЩԴҲݵöࣻϾһ˵ľ޵ģɼߣֻùԪʯҩ֮࣬Щ㿼ǣɢޣԪʯԼңҩԼȥѰҲÿԼеĶÿԼҪ
һͱɢɢߣгɾ͵Ķࡣ
޿棬еһˣ޿棬ʮǰͽΪ˵ʱһöĹӣΪѸ١
޿ҪĳЩҲ䳤ϣ޿ܾˣȻأ
ʹ޿滹³ǣ޿棬ǿ⣬ȻЦݿ䣬ȴһԲͣҪһ˲Сð޿㽫ȫɱ˸ɸɾʲôɱ˶ᱦ¶ʤЦ滢ơ
һ޿棬Ҽģ
ǻˣҪȻΪ߹
޿汨ĳһ̶ֳ˵Ѿǣ˼˭ֻ᲻֪صأȥôһУ
ʦҲΣأĿͶ˳ڵķ֮ǰһڴϧȻһƬĬ
Ҳ޿ţˣ˵أҲ֪ķˣˮԪϢֻĸ޿ˣ޿ǻԵģȴҪˮԪʲôʦţȴǧƷԪʯһΡ
ʱζͻؾһӣˮԪʲôˡ


310 Ԫ
ӣˮԪʲôˡζһϵ˼˻ʵʲô
ֻζ۾˷ܵĹʣȴҲΪ̫˷ˣ˵˼䣬û˵óЦ˵ѵǴ˵еʥɣ˷ܳ
ʥǼֵԲͣңˮԪãֱ˵Ϊڵһζܼ
Ȼô
ˮԪͬһԪ˵仰ζسһ·仰þе㡣
Ԫ
ԪһƷԪˮԪҲȭͷô󣬵Ǳɵ߲ԪҲ˶٣ҪȡˮԪͿʱضԪŨĻ°빦ңԪȣƷʵȵȣǳĸߣӣ˵ˮԪǲΪģ
ϴסˣ侹£ɵ߲ԪжŨȻûȥɴӵԪƶϣ߲ԪŨȣҲһ𾪵Ĵڡ
ʱҲͬζ˵Ǿ仰ˮԪΪģȻˮԪڱ˵ͬúܴ󣬵ڳϵÿɾرˡ
Уһ޶ԪҪܸߣҳϵĸ似ҪԪ֧š
ˮԪټϳôƴˮԪ֪
ң֮УĿǰΪֹϵĽԪƷߣѾһͻƣľԪˮԪȴǼҲȥϮɱʱˮԪһЩ󣬶ǴͣͲǰ״̬
һͷڣӵȫڣֻʲô
ҲԹҲΪľԪˮԪ̫ԭҲûʲôӦˣϱԪ޼ʱһ¡
ϧһ·ƴɱϣսһαһϾսҪָԪҪĥ󷨣ЩΪ˱Ҫ£ϵʱ;ȥˣڶˮԪľԪҲˡ
ǣˮԪһԪʱضʲôô֪
ϵԺһʱЩͷһԵζɫȴЩ˵ӣȻˮԪܺãҪõΣճ̶ȿɲһĸߡ
ΪȻᣬĳһϢ֪ж˻֪ϢأˮԪôۣôĶ޿Ĺﶼ˽أǿߣоǣ˶ĵϢΪʲôҪأ᲻ʲôı֮ࣿ
ǰ;ȻãȻΣգȻǼأɳϵĿ⣬һļᶨ˵Ҫرȵô󸶳
ӣ֪ʲôΣԶԶֹˡ

̫үү˵ˮԪֵĵطǾһʮ㽫ȫɱˣʣһȥȡҲһȡõ
ζĿЩ˸һ¼˵ˮԪΧűˮĴڣֻҪһ߽ȥͱ˱壬ڵԪ˵ҲˣԵˡ
˵ţζųϣΪϻῼһ¡
ȻζǣӵĿᶨˣ֮ǰҪᶨӸһָо˲ΪˮԪȥΪǾһĶӻȥ
ҲϬһ֣ζĸоȷ
˵ˮԪԳ˵һֵȥðķգôǶӵĻˮҪĴڣǳϱҪȥòȥɡ
ϵĹ⣬ֻҪˣܹʹλʦʧ֪ڵĻԪͣڼƷʣˮԪЩ͸˵ˣֱһ
ʱˮˮҪˮôܷأ
ζһҪȥϼᶨƵ˵仰ζԺֳ˳ɵĺɽײʯڵĻ棬Ȼ˵ӣȥ
ΣգҲҵʦ֣ʦһ𡣡
Ҳζִžй֮޲
֪ζ⣬ôΣյĵطζȥðգζңһڽῪʼ֮ǰϻ
ӣǲΪͣ㣿
ûС
ҾһҪȥΡζһһ˵ҪʹֱΣٽ͵ʦֶΣô֮ȥ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҿ͡
ζû˵ȥΪס졭


311 㹻ʸ
ζҪ˵ʲô֪ĳϣҲףζ˵һ
ԣ˵ãһ𡣡
⼸ִζĿЦգ˵֣ץסһζţ벻
ȻҪȥˮԪ֮أǣˮԪĶ֪
ҪõϢùǸ޿һء
ʵζ뵽ˮԪǺʱ򣬴ҵע⣬һη˳վķλ
ȻЩ˶޿ͷˣȴĸԸģϣ֮ǰŰ˷ˣһ
֮ϣ뿴޿Ķģһ˼һ˵õϢǾͿɱˡٱƳϢ
˽ɨȫô෨ңôԪʯһ
޿棬˭ȥ
Ƕ淽Ǹ꣬Ҳ˼ݳǿĵ̣һˣף
һ˼ĥҳϵ꣬ûע⵽ԱߴɴŮӣƽܲһ
޿棬ĿȻҲǶڳϵķźƵЦݣȴ˵ţСӣʶô
ĬţһֱĬš
ʦ׼һ˶ϣ̾ϢʱϣǸȻԸһˡ
ƽ˵һƷԪʯ
һȫ˶סˣﶼţСĸҲ޿ӣ
ȹ龪ȣһޱȷˣ￪ʼȫת׼֮£Ȼǽڵصףȥ·ҲһһΧֻҪзΧҳСӣͲӦʲô¶
޿ޱȣһ޲ˣ˺̽
Ͼģȫﲻʹģֻ޿һˡ
ԣǸɴŮӡ
ɴŮӽȻڲţΪ˭һΪȻҪ޿ȥмģ
켴ɴŮ־ԼͷӦúģ˵һټ棬ҪȡģôڵΪʲôҾ
ɴŮӴڼҵìУԪѾȳСӣ֪˭
֪ϸɾػش
޿һ̶ͣ˵ջظղ˵Ļǰ£һʹұ֤鷳ҸһЩָ㡣
޿潫⻰˵ŨִҶף޿ȻбȻЦ滢ǣһĹ򣬿ʵʵģǻʵҼнľ磬ָ㼸䣬ԵǳҺп̴ʱ䡣
ϾˮԪҪĿǰԼʵøҪֻҪǾԾˡ
޿Ǳ߳ĬţеŭѾյ˼£ȴֲòѹ˵ټһ飬Ƿһ飬Σ
ĬȻһƬĬ
˶Ϊڿ޿Ļʱȴ˵㹻ʸ𣿡

Ҿ۾ﶼͬ飬˵˵ˣˣʵǴˣ޿ԣ˵޿ûʸ񣬳·
ǵģƽ̺ľš
ϾΪˮԪȥһѣôע޿Ƕ֣ǵˣȻˣΪʲôҪϥģҪνأ
Ϊ޿
ֲûƴɱϻǺĵġ
ң֮ǰѾôͷˣҶˣҲΪ仰ͷŹ˵ҪΪܿΪ׶ԸȻٸһؾȡ
޿۾һƬѪ죬һһ޿棬Ҳʸ𣿡
޿棿ϵ˵ʲô
СӣҼסˣһúüסġ޿ҧųݡ
ϻصֻҪ۱Ҹߣȥǣ㻹𣿡
⻰޿ƣɢߵĶ̴ˣռǧƷʯ൱زףȻܳѹһƷԪʯ˿϶ѹʱȻް취
ȻĲӮǾͲþˣһץٴ˳һҪܡ
޿ĻˣЩ˼ɣףȻͰ˳ϣˮԪ־ڱصá
ʦѾ˴ӡ
һƷˮԪϢȻɳĵ
һеƷȫһߣͺᣬרΪƵġ
һСˣڳǵķ


312 Ϣ
С˵ǰ
ǣε֣ȥСȴǲ۽͵͵ϣţҲûʲôƽƽģȻôԪʯеķ
ϴƤߣһС˵Ȼǿеα
ͬʱμߣѾͬͨ뿪ˡ
Щһصϣûȥϴ̽ΧĵԱһʱ˵٣Ǹ꣬ûͣڴ˴ȴٶȣҪó֣˵طݳڣչ
һڣһİˣûмİˣǱȴ붼ҪѣǣȴκεƫӶ˳ȥϾ˭֪ͨģ
Ҫеߣİˣȫ
ɴŮӣڼԼţŻص
޿棬ȴǽչɲʮףһףһ֮ڣһֻӷɹֻ֪ӣǹģĸġ
ϵȻֻʮףǣˣǿΪǿߣеģ
ߣϱһʯʯûʲôݻİ裬һԲʯʣһЩѣԲԣվһ˱ߣһ˫۾Ϭڳɨ˸飬˵Ϊ
˵ţձ߱ݸһӣˮԪϢ档
һ⣬ȴûа⿪ϲؿձߣձȴû˵Ҳѯʣһ۲֮󣬽Ԫ
Ȼһпˣһ˿࣬˿д֣׵
滹һЩͼС֣ű׵ľλá
ձ߼ϴУ۾ɫ˵еʸףɹ˵꣬ձ߱˳ȥǰǸС˽ųȥ
ζȫɻȴ֪ﲻ˵ĵط˶Ĭš
ʱһ侫µʯձһ˵ӦòǱĿΪЩ֣ϢûֻǵǳнǸ߽ȴ׼ȷԤϡ
֪ǻ򵥣סߵˣһ£Щɷǣһ仰ȴչʾգڵλãȥкܶˣܸȤ
ơձȥˡ
һߣζѾ˳ǰһƬԭҰҲ֪ζ˵ţӣϢĻǼٵģ
֪
ˮԪôڱ׵أˮݣˮԪֵĵطΧӦȫˮȫǱôлĴأζǲ⣬òǸƭǵģȥʲôıɣ
ֿܣ׵ȥˡܽеĽǿԵںһ½ϣΨؾûˮڵĴڣϿ˿ĵͼ˵׵պȥһڵķ࣬ҪȻǾ͵õȽ֮󣬲ȥ׵뽻Ὺʼ£ֻµʱ䡣
ζĥţȴ֣ǸϽ뿪Ȼֻвٵ鷳ζҲӦûܣǳԶݳǵķ򣬼ٱȥ
˿̣Ѿַ죬ֵؼҵĻʿṆ̀ǱʿΧڣڽصϢɴŮĥţıץҪҪɱ𣿡
ʮɽһĻĻɴŮɫ԰ĦǸģƺɱ
ɴŮӣ˵Ϲܿ꣬Ϲҵδ¡
ɴŮǸϤȴûмˣҲ֪Ŀǰ½Զƣúȴֺ޲ˡ
ͬģҲ֪Զݳǣʲô
һ
Ե治ꡣ
ЩǣȵĽļ޿ŭɸߣұΧÿһطȴһʱһСģˣͻȻð˳ܲСĵرץסˣȻһʣõһϢǸƽͳȥˡ
һĻڸ޿ҲͬץһСˣ֪Ǹȥķ
û˵ǸˡĸˣǣеˣҲǸ˾˭
Ϻζڿš
棬׷Ϯ


313 ۷
ʲô˵ʲôƽͳȥˣһķȻǲŵغʵôõϢģ
ץһСӣ˵ͨص͵ȥ
飡
ºݺһȭǰľϣƽͳǿɲؼҵĵ̣Ĵ壬ĳ򣬷ֵң㣬һɢңƽͳؼҵĶͷҵĵ̡
ˣҲû˵ôķһϢѾȥƴһˣĴһ£±ݳ׷ȥ
ϹܿƽͳǸȥϢʱﲻܿƵһҪ׷ȥаٰζϸ˼Ϲܿ
ͬʱζȥһξȴͣ˵ζȥҲãȻǣӦЩ鷳
ζ˵ͷ˵öԣҪٻߣҪһ㡣
۾һߣǲȥƽͳˣ
ȥƽͳǣȥ
ݳȥ

ζȳȴ˴ʲô
˵ʱ任ƤߣһװԭùȥŮͱһͷһ̫š
ң˵תͷݳȥ
һ·ϣߵò첻˵ҪֹٽһΪǾûһˡ
ζȴ˵׷׷һء
иоǻ׷
ζһЦϵƣڳϵĻ˵ӣҪǾִ֣֮ϣǸжã
صôһġȴ˵ζԶϵġ
ڣҾͲϡ
һݶյഺפĵ˵ţζҪ˵ǰֳ˼Ӱ϶ˣСһ㡣
תۼ䣬ǼӰ͵˳ǵǰûеЩ˿ڣǰһǵǰ棬ѹ˻ƵʵѣݳǻжԶ
ÿ·һųΪߣϻģѣһҲ鲻˶ʱ䡣
Ͻÿ
ǼͬʱɨɨǣЩԸһȥЩҪ׷ǰһͻֹסӣԳ˵ͷһŮ𣿡
۾һת˵ˡ
˵
ǸݳжԶҾ͸ǡ
ͷͦģҽҪм¶ǵúúʰһ١˵ţϺܺʱ˵رֳŭӣЦԶˣһʱ͵ˣǶŮأ
Ҳ֪˵ǲǣֻһеǣһŮģʮӣһ·񱼣úܼӡ
ӳ
еĺͨûʲôرģŮĵǻмɫֽ٣һ飬ЩĻŭţ϶Щˣǰ
ߺ󣬳ϵǣ¶ЦȻ⣬ŨǸͲ֪ǳʲôģ֪ǵΪǵòֻ˲֪
ӣƭ𣿡
ʱӦܹʱ䳤ˣҲͻ¶ڣϾΪûб䣬΢һ£ҳŵģЩˣûнǵΪǣԣΪ㡣
ʵ̫ɶˡζݺݵ˵ԺһܷŹǡ
۾һϵƶ裬Ժˣζھȥһӣ˲ңҲˣңһ֮ʮ
СζȴܾˣǸܹ죬Ǹ󷨺֪滹ûиˣУΣˡ
˼ţ˵ζҾǻӦȥһߣЩˣǸ޿棬֪ʲôʱᷴӦ׹ǵĴҲ鷳ߣΪЩˣ뵽ȥ𣿡
ǿ϶벻
䲻һǾлˡ¶ŵЦݣңҲô۸ģй¶ǵϢأи۵ģҲвٺöɡ
˵Ҳе뻢ѨɵûӣңΣյĵطȫĵطһȰ˵֮ζӦ˱ǰĵطȥ
ʱձ˵ţߣȫˣ޿Щˣ˶ʱ䣬ͻסˣϢͻشȥ
òߣϸЦݡ
ԭҰϣһӰٷɹ˵ͷʣ޿棬ɹȥˣȴٴ۷˳ǰ
һȣСӣܰ


314 Ϸ
Сӣܰ
޿ͻһȣŻ˳ϡ
ȻԥûУ˸ȭ˵ǰ棬ڽ𣿡
޿Ŀ⣬ϬֱҪ͸ϵ뿴ϵһУ˼룬ľ־
ϵĿ⣬ȴһֱš
ζ˿ڣЩƣ͸ŲϣǰǲҲһŮ
⻰һ˵һѹζ֣ѹװЩܲסӣζǻϵζǰĿг˷ŭ֪ǰΪҪΪǷ򸾣
⣬޿ЩԺˣʱʶŨûϵϢҲǴץС˿е֪һŮеǳΪŮֻǸ߽״ʦѣղһͷ̫̫˹ȥͻȴǵΪպ÷õ鱨
Ǻ޿۷һͺȳôһ䣬̽ˣ˵ͷǰСװĻ֮£϶¶ڶ
ϧ޿ֻǹǰʱţȫһ
һ޿ȴЩòˡ
ǣ޿ʲôˣ
ɲʲôˣϴɱҲŹǲǣɱ˵ԣ޿ԥؽѹʹһţɫ
Ǿ壬૵𣡡
Сӣװú޿滹̽
ʵڲ֪ǰ˵ʲôǰҪ϶ĳˣҪɱңȻҲǰĶ֣ǡ϶һ£ҧ˵һһС
޿۾һ˿ɻ󣬡ѵĲ
ȴѾζƵһߣߣסߡ
޿ǰߣ
޿һϻֱ˳ϣҲûȥĴûֵǷش̼ϵĽԪ
ϵĶ޿ɫԱ
ԱȻǳԱҲˡ϶ǿһķŭ޿ɻ˼֡
ͷӣˣҲԱҾԱζźԪҲĵֶ޿˵ǰαؿǣʱѾкüǹǶŮϢԣҲŻô²⣬벻ǰ
ʲô˵кܶѾ׷ȥˣ
ζȼԪ
޿ЩţҪ˵֣Ͱæˣٿ˿ǰ׼Աͷ̫̫ȻԱȴҲҪһˣ͸׷Щˡ
ǣ޿ӡ
켴Ծգǰ׷ȥ޿ȻǺģǱ֮жһΪļѾǸΪͷӲҲҪˣǻΪǸֻ̫̫ʦԺҪܵĥ϶ܶܶࡣ
޿治֪Զˣԭȼڳϵļٿһ£Ϩˣϸڣ˵ϣʲô־塢ŭڲõЦš
ζղݵʵ̫ˣرǾ仰˵ǡô
ҿɲݵġζ˵ôһûͷβĻȴζ⣬ζһѡԱϽζ֣ץø
ζʵӣҪǸղ޿ȻŹأ
Ҿ;о޿նɱ
ĻǰЩˣкˣͻˣȺҪǣﻹǸᣬƵΣζ˼ţĿǰƭǣᣬȷһܺõİ취
޿ǷµծȼˣԺٺúõػţζٶȣǰϡ
·ϣ˲ˣܽ޿涼ƭǣЩˣȻǲڻ£ǽ޿ʱãЩһǰ׷ȥ
ԶǸݳ׷£ҲҲûΪѳˣһΪݳô˵˲ỹͶΪǰһҲŹ˳ϣǰ׷
ԣ˳һЩ󣬱񱼶ȥ
һ˹󣬳˾Ҳûˣǰĵص㣬ȴǺܽˡ
ͻأζ˵ӣղһҪ⣿
ʲô⣿


315 ɱ
ʲô⣿
Դŵ˵ӣ룬Ǹ޿ߵʱ򣬲ûнϨ𣬷λȼţңʱǱֳҲǵֲסӡ
Ȼأ
ȻǺǺúõģô˿ָ·ʱǻǲ¶𣿡
ЦŻشζ˵ӣ¶ˣ㻹Цó
ζûôء

Ͻ͵ȣǰľҲЩԶһֱǰ׷˵ǰģ϶޿棬׷ôʱ䶼ûпˣȻɵģҲӦ޿棬ƫƫϷݵ̫棬޿ļ𣬿϶ҲǷǳģͻԥܳʱ䡣
ζͷͬ⡣
ΣǺ׷޿棬ֻỨһʱɡ

Ƿֱˣˣۻʱ䣬Ҳٰɡ

ģ޿׷ˣ뵽ɱ𣿡
Ӧ벻Ƕ붼ᵽݳȥңרΪʹʦΪġ
ϵͷ˵壬װ˵ӣЩ˿ǻĺطŹ𣿡
ᣬǿ϶侮ʯɱ˶ᱦ
ǵģǺˣ۷״̬Щ̥Լʧ㲻ᶯǣϾƴɱǴٵ鷳ǣˣǾͲЩˣǻ룬ɱһ˵ˣҲǾ֮£ֶΪأ

ʱǿ϶Ҫ¶ı£ƴɱῪʼȻĸҲҵĶ֣Ҳһʱ䣬һʱͺпܻԽԽ˸ǵֱ㽫¶šϳ˿˵Ȼ¶ֿܻסǣһڣưոݣʱͻ鷳
ζһЦһһΪ¶ء
£ֻҪʱΣᣬһ֮˭ֻ֪أʱٻһò޿桭Ҳ޿֣֮䣬ǿǿĻǿ϶٣һƮɽɺ̫࣬˵һնɱʵ
˵䣬ѾĿĵأȻһԭȵĳڣںδ
ڳǰⲻ⡣
ϼǵôŷλһС£һӣǰǸڣͬʱҲ˳
ûаֳɣͨȥ
ڳȫһҴ֮ʱҲȥձһ㶣ŭȵѵؼĸ̫ͷ϶ɣĲˣ
ؼҶǸ̰ΧϢձȻ֪ȫᣬһؼңǻ壬ձҪ߳ȥ֮ʱƹģըǴӳһͨġ
⣿ôܣձ£켴ʵͨ
ͨ
ţǲǸбǸѵ˵߳ͨڣͱ˷ˣһսպײͨڣӦòᰡʱ䣬ѾԶ룬Ѿƽͳȥ˲Ŷԣ⵽ô¶
Ժ︡ʣȵϽһӻȥ鿴ʲô£档
ǡ
һȺͨȥˡ
˿̣ζѾص˵£ǵٶȺܿ죬ϴԿ죬սپҪ޿ǵʱ⣬бǣЩҪά󷨵У϶ҪԪʯ˭ҵԪʯȡ֮֮ߣ
ûˣ
Щ󣬺ܴһֶֹͣУٶȿһ㣬ɱǷӦܹһ̶ϣֹС
òǰԭǸ̨ܵŨѾɢȥʱЩ˸ϵǿһͷһţһ£ǵΪеֻͣóǴʦΪȴͷʲôΪͷһ˴ȵ˭ô˵ء
ǶһԻһ¡
˶˱ϵĻشŪЩתعָϽȵ˵֪ʲôطʶȤģϽͶţ
ҵȻ֪ʲôطҪȻһʲô
Ц˵ٷϻѸ֣ûؽʹΪĽ罣ؽʵ̫ˣ罣Ҳǲס
Ԫǣһҷնڶʽʩչ


316 ⺷ǰ
ҷնڶʽն϶಻硣
ȻӴпʼڣһȻֻܻһ˽ǣųϵĴԪͻƣͲͬն
ǰֻ佫
һս
ԣʹõؽǽ罣Щ˳֣ɵҷնڶʽչһ˵ʱЩֻ۾ǽ̵ֻۣúһϢ֮Уһ˲䣬Ǳȫ˵ϣˡ
ϲɱ֮ˣ˵ǿ֮ʱɱ˸ѪɺӣЩ˶๼ɱȻǰЩˣϲûгˣû飬ȡǵֻǻʱѡ
һˣϺζӿٶǰȥÿõģҷնڶʽá롱ԪǽԪԪһû
֮㣬ûÿѵ似Ϊ似ͷ̫ˣϲôľͱ¶ԼҪؼʱ̵ģڵϵġ
Щˣ඼ˣǸ㲻ôһͷ̫̫ͣǸձĳˣû˵仰͸̵ڵأԡ
ԣ֮µģֻһصġʬ塱
ԽߣҲԽǰɱˣΪѾǵ佫һӴʦ˸߽佫һȺ佫
ֻϧǴʦǳ佫߽佫嵽ǰֻһأʵڲصģǾѪˡ
أҲѧˣϽսȫѡԶ̹Щ⡢âԶԶعֻЩΪظߣԶ̹ѾԳΣա
ҲʹŷǣּĹԳȻЧ
ϵߣһζǿò񻰣Ʒ岻£ζȴǲС
ˣϻǽ˷
ûʹûԪָЩ˸ͲʸʹûԪָʹҷնһʽרʽ
ôǰ⺷سȥ
ЩԶ̹ŵǣ״ֱˣٶȴ˲٣׷ǣЩ˺زǰͬĺ󳾡
ϸż䣬Ǹʯݳȥת䣬Ϳĸ˵ǰһɨӣĸˣн
ͷȻСǸձߣȻԿɣһˡԺһͷ֪ǸûйϵǸǲ١
վסȺˣмһ˻Ʒߺȵüô˵ߣ
ϲúǷϻζվһߣȴִıΧ֮һԾӻڿУҷնĽâȻ֡
оȣȴ쳣ŭͷ̫ǵˣȻÿҪһģƷֺȵ㲻ҲΪˣȻһģֱѰ·
Ϸδţҷնʩչ£ĴȻǳصģÿ˶óԼķֵŽâЩЩâƴԼСͷӣ˼ҹȻеʱ
ƷȻ˵еǿƾһ㣬
ЦˣһĨЦһ̽Ѿ˴µʵһǵԸŪˡ
ƷʵǿԣǸʹһѪ콣ģʵ֮ԣʣǽԣзһͷ
СһЩ򣬽˳ϵҷնڶʽδųͬһУ
⣬ʱ˲٣ȻһбȽظʹãЧɾҪۿˣ˶׼ӦԵĴʩ
ʱջʹһ似һ˴һĶֱеĽ罣˳ȥֱʹѪ콣
ͬһʱ䣬ϵѾƷɱȥûٴӴָȡȴǷɿýԪںһ
Խ
һȭƷߡ
ƷﾫƤը𣬸овζϽýնϵȭͷ
ϵȭͷѾȫӲӽΧ
Ʒбȭͷײһһĵ𣬻ƷߵƷȻ飬Ʒߵͫףɢ󡭡
ǽɫȭͷڻƷߵͫҲ
Ȼȭͷϡ
ŰĽԪ룡
ƷɲǼʧõȻ޴档
û˿ͣϵ֣罣ץȥ


317 ִ
Ʒǿһˣû뵽ϻѣ뷨ͷӦȳģټоƴǣ֪
ʵƷ벻
ǣô룬ǻڿϽΪġ
ȻΪʵǸ߳ĿɲһǰǺóһӡ
ˣϾǵ뷨֮
ϵļƻѸײڶ֮ƣȳǿģʣµǾǲ˰ϵ⣬ӶӲѡ
ȻϣƷڳ̺űŰԪȭ£һ˿Ļᶼû͵ˡ
һȭɱƷߣûմմϲû˿ԥѸʹѪ콣ʱ֪ĻƷѾˡ
Ͼ˭뵽һȭ
ʹѪ콣罣ս罣ǳ׳ʱ罣̺ԪȻ࣬ۿҪܡ
ʱϵ֣ץס˽罣
ϵ似е˼ʹˮ˵԰һЦ֪ͺã似ƷʹϵؽƷҲһƴ֮㻹ԹԾܡ
ϳϵһЦƾ㣬ϷǻƿС˵ҲװͷӣԳһϷ򣬸պúʡ
˵似ȷзǷ֮һʱ侹ƴ˸൱ȻҲΪϸûþȫԭ
Ȼֻ֪Լԣŵ˵ò㣬һͬ飬㣬ǲģΪƤ֮ˣ־ܰɡ
ˡ˵ţ̽似ȡС
벻ףһʣҴˣ
תȥĻͬ𣿡
ʲôǡ
ԱҪתͷȥͷͻȻӦЦʹӵļıϵһͷһ֮£ó룬ֻϧĹвͨ
˵һͨʵ˵㲻ţҲû취
ΪСӣĻҲ̫ҷˡ˵ţߣ͵ش
Ϻܳʵ˵һûа
һУ˷
Ҳᣡ
˵ţʹͬ似ֻĲǡǡ𡱣˷
ʧɫѪ콣罣ײһ˳ȴ˿ϾطԪԪĹƣҪʤϺüرڳϵС
ָųϣ𾪵˵㡭㡭ôҲһУҡ
ղŸѧİ
ܣȻ񶨵ôܿһ飬ͻˡ
ִˣӿʼڣһΣѾѧˡϾĴѾûѪɫֻһ˿ղűػѪ
ǡǡʣϵ似ôýԪʩչ
㲻ܣҲܡ
һЦ͵³һѪЩغȵҲţҲšٽһУ߽⣡תѪ콣ɱȥ
ȴбȻͬƣȻҲǽԪ汾ġ߽⡱ȵԲܡ
һУղ顣
£䡱һֻԪԲͬͬһ似ҵײһһα÷˻ȥѪϳ˲ţǲţǲţڶ̶̼ڣѧһӵ似˵ʵ̫
ʵ϶ϵ似һİҲټ֮ǰϱ㽫ϵԪֻãԽԪʹѵ似ԪԪʹ似رǺǵĻս֮УѧһСƻ𡱣֮䡰Ԫء໥תﵽľ硣
ǰ⡰˷ڵһۿʱо͡ƻ𡱵ԭЩơ
ҲΪˣϲֹͣսپϻô࣬ϵ似˸߰˰ˡ
ȻЩԵɣȻ֪
αԼ似ˣûɥʧģȴǱһͷޣ⣬ģԲúõػţһҪնɱ
ţȵŸʲôϣ
ţָǰ棬״Σǡǡ
ʲôǣʲôģϽҳ֣һ£ƹĻأ˵ţȴָķȥ
Цš


318 ѧ
ڼԺ͵ؽƷ似еһƴתͷȥ
һķŭʱͻȻ٣סˣеĿ־壬ôԣ
ģ緢ҪͷĻƷߣģֻһӣһƬѪģؿˣԴҲˡ
ֻܴǴڵϵֻŷֱ⣬ǻƷߡ
һӾͿֻǾһȭǰ˵ġˡԼ˼ϣһöֵ
ţ־Ҳţ˲䴫ȫ
սתӣ
Ȼת㿴ϵǰ棬ЦʵղŲɱΪҪأ
ʱŸоϵЦݣô䣬ôҪ
˵ʹ͵һ似ʹתӣһԾѾúףһȭͽƷ߸ûע⣬ôȥҪƷߵĺ󳾣ǸϽܱȽ
ûҵӵõ𣿡
ɵվžһж췽ҹ̷㿴ֱӴ˸ղʩչδɢĽӰ˹ȥ
ţҲһԾ
ʮɽ֮ʱͿԾУڣǲ˵Ǹ߸Զ
ƿʮֵľţҪʱղѧ㼸УڣҲһᣬѧϰһҵ似
һδ󾪣ȴ֪ӣֻƴˣתʹȵһϣȻ˭
ͬʱʩչһǴС
ûʹͬʽˡ롱
һâò£ʵȴȻʩչûĴУһײ֮󣬳ջ˽罣һԡ
Ǽס֣Ҳͣ²ӣעǰ˵кιѪ
ѪȻƾճ֣Ѫ͵ġ
ܿģѪɢȥ¶
һʱ䣬ؿŷ־ļС
ﻹһˣֱǡ
ʹ۾ͷýϣû˰Ѫ⣬еֻǴ˿˿Ѫɭɭ׹ǣָһֱ쵽۰
ˣҰߣȫǰ׹ǣӣȻǺúõģȻûʲôӰ졣
ŵؿŷԼϵʵɵס˴סˣ֪˵ʲôźá
ʱϿڣʵѧ𣿡
˷ʹغУҪὣƴǼ׹ǣѾ֧ŲѪ콣᲻
°ɡ
ųִǰ߹ͷȻѿȻ󣬺أ˵ϣ۾һƬס
ûף⵽ô¶似ʲô似
ʣµﻹսԥתӣһһңһܲзȥ׷ɣ׷һߵĻһߵˣܹӵһ
̴õǺãֻڳǰȫȻô
ֻһתʹԪǰѪ콣עԪѽϣٽѽͬʱˡ
ұ˳ȥ
ֹһ䣬ϱҪץסұһˣ˸оĽ٣ͷһУϵȭͷȴذ£ĴлûȫʩչͻѪ⣬Ʈ죬µء
ͬһ˲䣬Ѫ콣ִ˵ĺ󱳣˷ӦҲǿ죬عͷùͷסѪ콣ȴǱѪ콣ϸײһ𣬻ûаѪ콣罣ϮֱӴض
Ĵȫ䡣
ĸˣǰЩֲһϲȡضΪ»ǰЩСޣ㱻˾ѣҲûʲôˡ
ϲɱҲԼһ鷳
ûǰϣǽɨһս˵Ĵָȫռǰȥ
̤ǰ˰
žžž
죬һ߳ǰ棬ţ߳Ǹձ
ϿˣһɨߵΪȻǳֹˣССһᣬȻг᾿˭Ǹ𣿡
벻ףҲͲټȥû˿ңΪҪԪѰһսû뵽ﻹһ
㣿ձнϵģȻϵϢôˣôܣ
Ҷ˶ԻҰ
ձҪ˵ʲôȴߺŵ˵·ǻ𣡡
һ㶣һЦƾ𣿡


319 
ձ߻ھڳôɱ˻֮ʱѾųƣӸµ˵·ǻ𣡡
⻰ˣǰ߲ǳнĻǳϵĵһӦתζӵԶԶġ
Ͼн϶ǣסղǸձҲŸ߽ΪҪȥ׽ζҪЮĻֵѴ֮ġ
ϧǣֻһ
ԣϵ˵ƾ𣿡
Ҳûо㵣˵ţҲҲʲôֻҪ㳼ңô֮ǰµеĴղŶҵĲҶҡ
˵ɨ˳һ˵ңҪʲôҶܹŪõԴ
߿ޱȵط񣬶ҿ϶ǳϵһ֣һ㣬ձ۵ľȣͿԿóҲڽţͷǰбӡ
ձŴʾ⣬߶ûᣬžԵţԴʵΪֻҪշϣһе⣬Ͳ⡣
ΪʲôҪշϣȻǿ˳ϸղһĵİ磬ͳϵļıʵշˣİǾ൱ش
νǧ׵ãһ
Ҳţ˾ܾ˷
Ȼһڣʧˡ
ֻ˵㽫еıңңҲȥ㵽ʲô㵽Ҫʲôһ㽫ҵϢ͸¶ȥ֮
Ц˵ⷬߵĴݵȫ˷ŭݣûתͷձ
ձ߸Ͻ˵˱з֮ˣ벻
벻ǾȻûб޿Χɱ벻ǾȻ۷ɱձ߽˵
ձȵ󵨡
˵ķ𣿡˿棬ձֱҪ֣һɣȻϣ֮ɫʧֳɣ۾ͣĺܲҸղ˵Ļٿǿǡ
˵ĻҲҪ࿼ǿǡ
ҡҡͷܴҪļƻпܵóѡ
ʵڲڣһĽ֡
ֻϧ㣬̫̫̫Բˡ
ֻʵʵ˵
ˣʹһƽ˵ձߺȻ֣һڵƵģɶ
һ罣˵ķ
֪ҽǶꣿ
ϴЦ
Ц𣿡ձһӾͽ罣ҲýҲûŽ罣صȻЦ˼⣬˭ʹ˭ͺ𣿡
ѵд𣿡
Ǽ˼ǧڹʵһˡЦŨŨձǷŭһȣ
ձߵĺɫ⻪ձ߻ʹǰקҪ˳ϵס罣ձȴôҲȥձ߸ˣһһ
ϻ˵ţ֪Ǹ·ˣûߣǣһ󣬶𣿡
㡭
ձϵķŭͲ˵ˣ˼η壬ĿǰηȻǳϣߣϽڹ꣬ȻȴûˣΪ½ϣڹ꣬ǺĴڣڹ꣬Ѿڹ꣬䣻ɺϽᲢۣʵߣձ߾Ҫڡ
ΪܵĲձʹʮһ̧ͷϵֱ۲ȥ
ձ߱ŭˣϵĿҲʹﵽˡ
ձƴһЦ˵Ҫѽ͸͵ˡ
˵꣬Ͼ֣罣ߣձ̫һ֣ձϵȥ
ˣҪץˣǰѽƷֵǽзҪ󡣡˵ձˡ֣ŭҪ𣬵Ʒĸ֣ŭ𼴿̾תΪ̰ߣֻ۾ֱŽ罣
ιﻹһѡһ


320 һ
Ʒ
ձһ;۽˽罣ϡ
ձеҲǷƷǧ꺮üɣʵƷһʹþȫǱסĽ罣ǰȻ
Ӧǡ
ձߵĻû˵꣬ϴţιﻹһѡ
ѽҡ
߸Ͻ˵
ձһ罣㳯߷ȥձٽϹȥҪϳеǼ
شӴָͳģǸոսɻƷѪ콣עں˽Ԫܺӭźɫȥ
Ǳߣ߿еĽ罣˵ţһƷƾһƷıʹֹĸ˵ļֵҺˣҪȻ޿ȺȥˣǽǶôϧһ顣
Ѿ϶ˣϽɣ֣ձǸ߽һὭʹǳ뻯ԸСӣֵ֮£
һ˵ձò£ǻĴڣͶ䣬ܾϵһ
ֻǣ߻Щɻ󣬡ƷƷΪʲôҪЩǷķУȻ֪ƷΪʲô׵ط
ǲ֪¡б롱ɽӡȫΪζһ˫۾ֱųϵѪ콣૵ƷƷˣŹֵĺܣƷʵ
ὭѾѪ콣ձٴ󳶣ϲִ˵㻹ҪǼƷ𣿺ðɣǾһ㣡
Ѫ콣ٴֶȥձ߾ŽˣȵҵҪжٷ˵ţձ߾ҪƷ˦һߣϹȥ
ʱϵ˵
̺ųѪ콣ըѾǰձߣըˣը
ڡָճ֮ʱϾͳֿȭУ߲ûг֣Ʒ㱬ըֻձһ鷳ѣͲʲôˣŽ罣Ʒ
Ȼ߲֪ϵġԽôһڣ˿̵ձܣըڣ絶شָоƺЩΣ
ǣձ߲ûԮôС£ˣ϶ǵǳңձǳֿȭȷûдʲôһ࣬ҲͷĶˣǿѹסڵƣʹὭϮ
Ϻ壬һѽὭץ
״ձߴΪϲһȣ
ǺὭΪ״Ҫϸ档
ʱ̣ȴ֮һЦȻֱֱƾձôʹȻëֱ
ЧˣͨὭձߵϣձشֱˣǺὭҲǳܲסһ㣬ѿ
ʱȴװ˵ģץסߣڰֽ£һ֣ձߴΪɻȴӿѪ̻ضй
ۿϾҪȥ֮ʱϵӣһֵܳĽǶȣձײȥ
ձ󾪣ֱһΣæὭȣϽ
ʱϵȭͷѵձǰ
ձһûǰ㣬ƣ󽭶ϣձôһǧ꺮ƷȻܲסըѿ
ձߴû¶Ŵң㲻׵ô¶۽⣬ɨϵֻȭͷѾһһܳǶ̽ķ
⣬ձٴЩİȭͷձһ¾ǰֱĻߣȻձΪǲǳϵȭģǳϿ϶˸Ʒ׵Ĺȭס
ձݳƹĳķ˲ףǡɽӡֵܵձȻиõĶϴķ£ǱȡɽӡĴڡ
ձհǸªĶ̽Ѿĵﴦ
ձΪ̽Ӵ£Ҳ̲ȥҲĽԪһ˫ϵԴȥҪϵԴĵϡá
Ȼվ֣ձ߱о˲Ծ
ֻªĶ̽񡭡񡭡͸˷¡˽ȥ


321 
ªĶ̽
ֻձߵΪǸߣȻߵעôȻֻڽ罣أ
յģȻöѧ˵Щ֪ʶԺ󣬱һܳªӱ濴ȷһ̽
ɳª£ŵȴҪ
ʲô£ʲôԪǰֻǸƶѡ
ԣձ߸о͸˷£룬ֱִĵﲿλ
ĵóôһһĭ㡭
ˣˡ
ձߵҲûˡ
ô˿̣߲סһתͷ㿴ձߵӣϵȥҳƵһ
ʵÿߵʶѾԲʮ׷Χڵľֻǻûпװס
֮߳⣬ȻǳϵĹ͡
ϵȻ֪ǷΧ¶ӳ罣ƷߵעƷƷѪ콣߲ΪȻ󣬳ȫûҪȥץסὭֱؽһпѵصһʽձȥɢ
ûУóٺóһƮɽѪս֮УǰΣ֮ʶû
ɴʱˡ
ϵĿģҪɴؽɱС
ǰľǰնɱĴʱͬɱǿģı㲻÷Ѵ֮ˣǰǿǳȻһƴ֮߳ɻӮǿ϶ҲþԪȵȶĲ٣廹״߽ƴֽܲңңձ߼ߴ·֮ʣֽζ£ĻɾĲˡ
ԣϼãҪٵձ߳ټоһսҲ𡭡
ԣ֮ǰһĻĻһͨķϻձ߼ŭ
תͷ˿ձڵϣ˵ڣֵˡ
⻰ֱûзӦЩ㶵ţ㽫ɱˣ
ûд˵еġľ괺ˣʹеĻҲǸֻ߽Ƿͨһˡ
߻ǲţȵ㾹Ȼɱ
˵ģֲţΪ֤㿴һ£ֻˣȻˡʼ磬Դί˵ζֱЦţӣԽԽˣϲ
߻ˣǻðɣֱɸߵĻ棬˾ȻƤӵ£ɱձߣʧһ£ӣ
ԭģϲˡЦ˵ֶڳңлȥһȻ

ˣ
Ͻǰ˵Ļֻеġһֱˡš֣ټϳЮɱ߽һгƣҲǰ˵ƶˡ
죬ҾĽȡ
ܲҵظ㣬ǰѽҵģѽǳ˺ܶ׳Ϊ
ЦⰻȻ߷ϻţڽϵԪȴѾںϳһɺ
ζ֣ɿЦֻ⡰ͨͨǡӣ
߸տʼףζЩЦҲһ·Ӧ
ʱðɣҺɫ漱תΪɫ̶תΪĺɫû˸ϷŪ𣬽죬㣬
ɫʱЦøˣͬʱҲأ벻Ļ棬ȻѾ֮ˣһ̣ԽԽ˼ˣѵõļ֮𰡡
ɣ
ѵأڶʽ
˿׾һУǴокУˮľԪûе⣬еȫ̺ؽ̺һ
ؽҫУ߾ɫݣоӴƣʱٻУַѾ͵أʹʮɹɫɫһ㣬䷶ΧҲ˲٣ûһơ
ѡ˷
Ϊ𣬷ͬʱȻȻ˹
ؽն£նںɫϡ
ֱӱն÷飬ٴնȥ
ߵһ¶֮ɫˣƮ˿գȻȵ㣡Ȼ㣡
ң


322 ֮
֮һڵƲ֮£˲֪˲ʹ½Ҳ˾֪
ȻйƵһϢ糤ӢǳªһʲôʲôʽʲôԵʣûŮˣжٸŮˣÿŮ˵ġ
ȵЩȫǹע֪ġ
һڱǡôͷųһЩԣұ֪ɵĺĵӣʹһؽûһŮˣ֮Ů
Ϣ÷зߵȻҲռйƵϣԣڼؽնĻܣҪնʱһӱ㾪ȳ
ϧȹ龪ȣһ֮ؽնƸ죻Ծ˿УҲûض
һģĵñ߻Ҫߣؽնġ
ûϵԾôߣѾѹϣӲҪתߣǿ϶ḶٵĴۡ
⵱Ȼܽܵģô˵Ҳǳϡ
ˣѡӲ
ȫԪִټûɺɫ𵶣ؽ
ɫһؽ㱻ؽնˣնϣ߽жɻǱնѪӿӱն󷭹иѪ¡
ͬʱǵɫļ֮Ҳ˳ؽӵ˳ϵϡ
뵲ס֮𣬻а취ģǣϸͲȥǻӭ⵭ɫĻ浽ǰ֮𣬺Ȼǳ״̬ͷʦǰĳ֮𣻳ʹõƷ׵ĻҲǼֻҸһ׵Ļ
״̬ļ֮𣬲õѡ
ȲһӾͽõƷֶΪأ
ϸ䵽ϣɫһӱȼֱϸΧһʹŵܻĴһ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
Ϊ˲߿ϽԼŪýģһƴֿ֮״̬ҪȻ߳ƽ鷳ЩΣҪòˡ
ʱ˿̣ޱϣߣ˵һͨһͨطϻԱ㹻ʱ䣬ü֮
һߣȫһնôӿеڵصߣɫ԰׵ؿһѪԪһתɫָٿֵ֮ʱʱʹĳϣɫ¶Цݡ
תͷζζʧţǡб롱һһֽѣǻغšӡҪȥȴֱϸֹ
а߸аһ䣬ǰȥ
ζǾţϵƣȴǲزһ£ǳҲ벻ζľţȫװģȻȷǵǳϣǺʹζ˴ӵĴ㣬֪ϵζûϺʹ󺰴гΪȻԭĿĵģȻҪúõһᡣ
ԣζĽкñǶžѪޱȡ
ûһнٵҪһԭ򣬾ΪԼļ֮ģ𣬲֪ٶϸյˣͬ׵Ҳ䣬ǰһССֵܵס֮أ
ϻ֮ʱͣ˽Ų˵òµģϲȭ˼ҵͷɽǵʱ򣬾ˣ뵽
߸п˵ֵ֪Ҳ
ôϼķϻˣȻ˵ʱҲǳ˷ŭвģǼ֮ڣһһشš
ô㻹֪𣿡Цˣ֪һţеţҲ뿴ʹ䣬ԣ׼ٸһᡭ
ҳ𣿡
Ҿ֪˵һ㶼Ѿ
ߣղնһܲܰɣתϣҪøã˵ϻҲһ
߹ȻɫһŭȻչһ˵ңǳ˵Ρ˵ţҲڰеţղһ˲ᡣ
ڰѹưɣ
һеģһЦһ¶̫ˣͲԶˡΣյöɣ֮ζ
ܺã˵ʵ
ЦţùˣƾΪԵֵסǸһ·㲻ôҪģͲһˣҲѵԸ⿴һȥ𣿡


323 ҪֻҪ
ѵԸ⿴һȥ𣿡
ʳһ仰󣬳ϳĬˣɫУֻ˸ƴֿ֮ӰҧԪŵֵ
ǣŵֵϵӽԪȴʧԽԽ졣
ߵʶϵЩЦݸŨ֪̽һУǳϹװģǳʵʵڣǼ֮ڣһУѪͷͨʶҲڷհ㡭
ƴţ̵ʵͽһ¥
ȴǾóܵʹ໹ָֻһץץһźɫ棬һţǺɫٴ䵽ϡ
ڻһҽУȴֵҪ죬˵Щˣúʡ
ƣܸģҶܸ㡣
һʵѹһջ󣬳ϱ¶Ƶ֣߻ķµӱңһȥ᣻ΪĽշļƻޱȵشԹƵǱصĵطһ룬һ˾ֵܵʮ
Ȼ緢ˣǻһˣðҲ罫ˣ˶ķϻ
ȻЩ𣬻᲻ᱻ߼üƻɹ㣬ǾֻԼ֪ˡ
ߵ۾͵һʵ˵ģ
Ȼġ
ҪƷԪʯ
ֻҪΪ㹩ӦƷԪʯȡ֮֮ߣңмƷԪʯ
󣬿ǵʵҲһĴ󡣼ƷԪʯʲôôû˵Щͷ˵Ҫϣ꺮֮ȵȡ
ֻҪ˵꺮꺮֮ĸҲŪ
Ҫĵر
ֻҪһж˵ߣԲݢҵȵȵȵȡ
һһҪʯͷ䶨³Ҫ³ʲôҪֻҪϿڣһж˵
ͬʱҲţ˵ţ˵Ϊ棬ƷԪʯﺮ֮ĸߣۺ񣬲֪棬ûдĺû
߲֪ɨᱦ˼ֻ˵㻹Ҫʲô𣿡
Ҫ߽似
ȫǵؽ׵ģƷֹС
⶯ӣ죬ʵҪˮԪ
üͷȻСȡҲȡ̫˰ɣղӦҪõȥƻһ˿źҪС̫ΪˣһߣƣӦöʿɶֹĸֵĺɣ
Ҿ֪㲻ң㲻շңֻҡҲߣԵ˵
üͷ壬ּһż֮ҪƵĥƽϸոӦ׵ļ֮ͻȻһʹóϵʹŤȫÿһ񾭣ڴšʹࡱźš
ǣϾǲģˣζΪǣȴֲ¶ţ»˴ӵĴ¡
߼ϵļ㣬ЩŭЩͣţС˺շҲòһô˲ţеԸģʵڼӵʱ
ô߿ڵˮԪǵõ֮ٿͲ㡣
һȻûаģõˮԪȴƫƫϢй¶֪ʲô⡣
ȻһߵȴΪǸһĵļ߼ֻҪ㳼ˮԪͼʺԵĻԪԪԪͬлõ
仰˵þеˣȴһޱȹĵ··ֻҪϳǳϾһ㡣
ϵУϣŵôҾ˼ȴȫһõǣˮֱУǿ϶ҲľԪռеԪôҲ൱ڴ󾮣ôôôþô𣿡
ô죿ʵ
߿ζҪܽζץУӵЧͬСϾ֮ŮпΪ
һ룬˵࣬ȻҪȫǣǰóס
˼ֵס֮ķ֮ʹ
ʱ䣬ʵˣɳң
ҿǿǡ
ʹϼơ


324 족ͻ
ҿǿǡ
һ仰˵ɴھҵΪѾ˿ڣڿɶ֮Ķ£ҪǾѣܻᱻ˳Ц
ԣȰʵܾһУֻҪʵ㹻ʲôԼٽһɡ
ɫУһüͷȻչ
ΪȰ˵Ч㲻˵ֻǾصţųϿ˵֡
ζȴһ߰ӣҵ㲻ѵҪ𣿡
üͷ塣
۾˵סʵһС
ӣ㱳ɣүү̫үүŹģ϶Ὣ㡭
ƣ£ֻҪ㳼ɽе׷ɱȻ˰¡ߺţҲΪǿߡ
ӣҶһƬ飬ҵĻԼ˼ģľҪԲҵ£Ŀ𣿡ζ˱ƣǻ
ζ⻰ȻΪԼ˵ģеǸңȴζˣţҵľġ
Ȼڱϣϵüͷһһչʣֻ߲Ǻ͸ζ޲ֱӸһż֮𣬽ճޡ
ҲĽζûˣҲܽŸշˣжƣŮˣǸ죬һݣԺҸ֣ȥȥΪ㱨һʯ񣬲񣡡
ƻãҪģȴҪãֻݣƵ˵ѵĿƱ𣿡
ζסˡ
ӦҲǡ뿴ġ
ӣҲɡǡҲ㱳ɡζˡ
һģ
粻ȻԽԽӦʹ࣬ϵı飬ʾŲסӡ
˵ϽѡɣҵԲ̫ãٲѡͻɻҽɡ
Ҫζɫֺݣҵ˵ӣ㳼ɣҲ㣬ǣҲҪٿ㡣
ζ˻ơ
أߵԣǿҪˣԣŻ䵽˳ϣǵˣѡ񣿻棬һ֮䡣
ʹ
ϺУζļգͣţӣӡ
ߣߡ
˿̵ĳϣڲ඼ü֮һ飬ǽɫĹͷתɻƣ˺ɫֻһͻˣֵܵùһѣһأôԡ
ͻ𣬺׵õ
ζֺӣҲ㣬Ĳ㣬㳼ɡ
Ǻ𣿡Ҳ
ɫеĳϣͻЦˣ˵Ǻˡ

Ȼ
ʶʱΪܣңԺҲġ
һ̣߸оԼôĹ򣬶ֵˣôһ£պ£ࡣ
ȻߵĴЦȴȻֹˡ
Ϊƽ˵˭˵Ҫˡ
Ȼ˵ղŲ˵𣿡
˵ѡ
԰
˵ָǣ
˵꣬Ц
Цţô̶

ߴȣϵ֮ɫҪжŨжŨĲˣȻϷŪ𡣡
ϷŪϷŪľ㣡ôҧҰ
ϵʲôʹ֮š
ããܺãѾܾû˷ŭˣҵŭɣ
Ż߽ĻԪȡиһ֣һ족֣족֣ȫɺɫɡ
Ͽźڻ족֣ᶨ˵ɣҵ㣬һĴɣ
Ȼ󣬡족ִѹݺݵڳϣ족ס
ɲ䣬һɴˣûȫͶ룬֮𲫶֮ڣͬʱϻ⡰족ֻУоŭ
һ㣬óЩȡ
ɣֻܻ𣡡Ԫ֧ţ۾ɨζϲ׽һ񣬶ʱľһתеζߣҰסߡ
ƾ㣬סңΰɣ˵Ҳζˡãζ˵ӣҲߵģҪһ𡣡
⻰һһ˿Ц촽鶯ֱˣˡ
ֻϧ߲ᴽ֪ʲô


325 족
ϿߵĿ⣬ζɨʱ㵣һΣҪץζвպôһĹؼʱ̣óȻ֣пǰһа׷ѣһ
Ǻǲ
׼ߵһζֻʦѣֱһ죬һڵأ򲻵ѵʱ򣬿϶Ю
ΪֻҪ߽סˣζҲӲˡ
ԣװŲסȽնɱȥζ鷳
Ȼϵʹʵʹ࣬ټζϬľϣһϷ൱ر档
Ȼϣмˣֻһ˿˿ζϣûӣҪӣץסӣʰС˵
ƣòʶ̧٣Ҳȥһоһһ٣ػɻҽԴ˳ͷҵĲ𣬲
ϳĬ˵֮á
Ҳûʹֻü֮ţӴָҩ̷˵ΪѾԪֱӹͨǳͨΧǺܿ㣬Ҫάּ֮ҪĻԪ
ˣ̷ҩٻָԪҩ֮Ǻڻɵġ족֣ɫŨӦģܵʹֱ
ʱѾ˹ؼʱ̣ͿҪɣֹȥɣҪֹͣ˺һôںӭĲǺգԨ
鵽Ǽ֮һһطյؽɫͷһһ΢СϸճɺɫڵѪ⣬еڼ֮лΪ˻ҽеȴڼ֮еõ
Խ棬ԽѣԽʹ
ӿڵļ֮𣬳ϾͲˣЩԪ
ѪʳӲ
ΪϿֲסˣŷйŭ˵㲻ҪһҪǰ۵Ҫģĥ
𣡡
ϿХХصʯ棬Ǵ֮ϣгХ𶯰㡣
ܲס˶԰ɣǲ볼ңǲǺܺǰûдӦңϧûлˣҸλᣬûаգԣڣֻܻ𡣡ߵĻǶҲΪǰϸϷŪһϷŪͺñèץ󣬲ԵǽԵ
Ȼʵǰ㡣
ϲܲסˣǽһĴԲˣͷʹﵽĿǰܳܵļޣԿХй
֮Ĵ֮ʱڴˬĸоڵĹͷȴǳ߷ֽƣֺɫ
ͷĹ仯˳ϵĹעԼоͷɫ仯Ϊʲô
ֻǣڲ֮ʱϸմ꣬ʹһƴ˲ٵ־Ҫô˻ᣬúòٵԪָ߳ҡ
˿̵ĳϣһ㣬סġ족ִ𣬾ˮ
ˮУˮܽ͵
ͬߵĳ׼֮ԳѾȫûЧ߶Դˣһ֪֪̽ѪΪԶˡ
족ֺڻߵԪûβؼȡš족ֵԪ̷һҩ
أڣ߾쵽˲Ծʹٷǡ족ͻҲԽΪԽͣԽԽˡ
ĻţȴûбֳԽ䱸ţϸɨȥͻط֣ȻѪֹѪƤ⣬ȴû𻵡
ôܣһͱճ˻ҽƷͬѰҲϲڼ֮ķ֮£бֵ˺áѵ˵ʲôķ
ԼĴ𰸣ΪһܽƷ˵ˣҪ˵ûзʵš
ϵȷɷһģֻǳϸûãֻϢһؼȡŻԪ
ף
ڳϢһɲǣ쳣Ǹ족֣Ҳҡҡ׹
ʱ֮˵ƣʲôֽţ
أ
üͷһ壬вĸоӿֹͣˡŭ𡱣ٶȽֵķ˳ȴһ
ֵͣ䣬족ֺڻͻȻˡ
мңȻһۿ⡰족ֺڻòˣǱǸСӸȥһ㡣
ӵԼ˼ͷţ㵽ʲô
֪
˵
һƫ㣡


326 
߱һֱ֮һƫ㡱仰ˡ

ʣѾ˵˺öˣҶ䶼ˣȻǺúõģõòٺãż˵ߵߣתͷζ˵ζղǲ
ǺǺǡζӦһЦȻӣСһ㡣

ϲͷߣͻЦЦԽԽԽԽңߵǻŭҲЦĪ۾ݺݵ˵Сӣ㳰Цң
ϻȻЦˣȻЦ˭һغȳٲȥֻ뽫ŴսϵСӣˣٺúһһҪú裬ͷ֮ޡ
ǸȼڻɣȴδȻ˵ţֽʲôȸղСŭ𡯻Ҫ𣿸ղǸ졯ʵҺܾȰ
仰ζʮ㡣
ǳΪ½ϣѾŵŵˣ˼ˣǿͿģܹ裿
ŭתһźɫҩ¶᲻õĿ⣬һ۳ϣԥ̷ȥ
ʱɫһ˸˾Ÿ߽ǰһָŸ㽫룬ɫת
Ȼ˿ҵζ㣬Ӧû⣬𣿡˵˷׼Ϸ
Σ
̩Ȼ֮ҪһΣô
һϸܣϻ淢ˡΡǾŸתŵĺɫؼһԪеĿֱϢ֮Уټϼ֮ǿΡסˣ׶༪١
ֻǣһ˵ģòһˣ֮ͬˮ㣬ϱûؼȡԪ磬յԪʵ̫٣һ㶼ѡԪʯǣֱӴӡΡȡ
ȸղŵܶ࣬еǸջܲ򵥣ܹĳһ̶ֳϣƷʡϱ߼ȡԪ
ţнסҲԪ๵ͨѲһССܷ첻ɣ
һ졯֣ȡһСΡͻΪԼǡ졯˲ɣЦţ˲ԾΪϵʮ㣬ҲҲƣš
ʱһһ˵죬Ҳˣοٵòټٵ졣
ζûã
ûãôܣȻˣǴôڻԪȱأǲԪĺöƷԪʯ˲֪ٱЦš
Ŀ¶֮ɫǰԺǸͷٴθ֣ܣ֮ôܶûãƷף಻Ǽôֵܵס֮ķգ
õϢʵ̫ˣһʱ֮ǰȷǼ𣻿ڣҵĻѾ˼֮ˣ˵öлл㣬Ҫ㣬ҵĻƷҲô졣
Сߵһһ仰͸¶Ϣʵ̫ˣ߻һµʱ龰˵ǰ˵Ҫңʱ䣿
̫ˣһΪҪ֮ǰأû뵽ھˣǲһ㡣
˵ţߵѾѿǼ֮ɫҪڡ
߱ϾһʮϹļһ;Բֻǰݵ̫̫棬ֶԳšǿټ֮Լļ֮žԵģֻԵ֮£߲űƭ˹ȥٱƭΪϼŭʱɱˣٴαƭ
ȻϵӼƻҲóѡ
ЩؽڣһԼ侲Ȼ˵ΪӮ𣿡
Ӯôأ˵ˣ
ʩչ֮Ҳͳġȫ䱸ţҪҲȳ˵Ҫ˭˭
ð׼ˣҪˣ
һǰȥ˫ֱ֣ץסһɫڵĶһʮиת
Ǻ߾ͿץסǸɫѸߴ˿̵飬Ѿá𾪡ֿݵˡ
ۿɫҪǰǸ족ֺڻһ۾ķ񣬺εй
䣬ɫָ


327 ջ
ŸɫһѾġòˡ
ȴ֪ʲôúɫָ
Ͼףߣߵɫ԰ףȻʹһУҲҪķٵ
ҾͿܷճٸΣܳŵʲôʱ򣡡һȣ켴ַֿץסɫת
ֻɫۿɼٶɢţͬʱڵĻԪȴԽԽ㣬ԭֻС˿Ҳгɽ֮ƣҪڡ
֮ƾ̣Ϊ似Ҳȫڻϣԭ䵽˵زǣϲ֮
Ȼа취ʵסǣƫƫϻռ֮𣬻Ϊá
һϵԪڲ䣬ڻָߵԪȴڼ٣ԽԽ١
һһȥԶӡ
ҲԼʱĴǴڵزþչȥôԪ;ƿ֮ʱƵСӣͲ÷Ѵ֮ܽסˡ
䣬һҪ䣡
ԺţҲûͣȻάתǺɫȻǾŸֻÿɫԽԽ
ԭΪΡṩԪٶȣԶԶϲϳռ֮ٶȣ֮£ֻýɫŲ˹
ֹʣôֻһʱ䣬ӲȥʱľͽԼߺ޺ţ֮ôͶûأΪʲôȡԪأǸ
ܹûһ𣿡
ߡۡ³һѪԹ޵ؿųϡ
ţһ˳ԾľٶȻеԼСָָѪȻǸջС
ջֱɵεϿգ˫ֵƣϵĲ԰֮ɫҲʧȴǱԽԽ죬һֲĺ죬ǡջҲڳͷϿתѣŸɫٴα仯Ż
⻹û꣬Ż仯֣ؿţ߻ʲô
Ż𲻶ϵشӿշ˵ˮѡ
ԵƬ֮󣬻濪ʼΣֻħޣǡջҲʧ
أľˣţʲôطϢ߽гߵмֻǰֻ
ֻħޣһͷƻȴȫڣһͷţȴֻһǣһͷӥȴ˫ᣡ
һû㻢Хţӥڿգ
УջѾûӰ
ɫأؽУĿȴǼᶨţֻ֪ħޣʲô֣Ǽ׵ġ
ţ߿˵ˣ䣬ƣӦúԺȻƵóһС
ǳԶˣ϶ͷĿ¶׹ħ˵
һǧĺ׽֮꣬һǧĶǻ֮꣬һǧ㱩ӥ֮꣬ȼָѪҶطǰֻǿˣǰ߽ħޣ
ߵǰ䣬˵Ѿ϶ϵвֻ߽ħޣȴûһ˵ɫǳԹޣױȵԹޡ
ʹһУƶɵĺ൱ش
߽ħޣһǧꣿţ֪ܻ˶꣬Щħ治һĳ
ˣΪ㻹ܻ𣿡
ңǵıʣǲΪ֮𣿡ϵ
һʣⲻ鶯һ£ϽһĻ¶ЦݣȻǻǲͺð𣿻ʲô𻢰󤰡һ𣿡
һһϾ֪ˡ³һھѪֻ߽ħͷһȣ
Ǻ׽𻢱ֱǻýǶϣ㱩ӥצץ㶼ɱڡ
߽һڣҴ⣬Ԫָ˳һпʽֱ㱩ӥ
ȻԾڿУǣϾԪйͨҲͲܷ裬ˣԿеĹԳϵΣ
ؽն㱩ӥĳնһûѪȴëһĻ£㱩ӥҲҡ׹Ҫ׹䡣
־ŭзϣһѪЩĻë棬ɢپۼ㱩ӥϣ˳
㱩ӥϽɵжܡ
ڳնʽʱ׽𻢵ӣ˵˳ϣǶǻĽǣҲڳϡ


328 㱩ӥ
׽ȥǻ󤶥ȥ㱩ӥٴգ켴ָ£ҪץҪģ

ȴ˿ȫעضţʲô֣Сܼ֮ȴ£˵˾óжϣ
ʱһȦâ۾˷졣
飡
Ƶײ
׽𻢵צû˺ڳϣǻҲûеֵýȥȫһεĹȦˣֻ߽ħޣ۾Ի֮ɫ
Իˣϵ۾ȴ֮ؽŽ˴ָֻѸָ̽һһץһ
ϵץס˺׽𻢵ǰצֶס˶ǻĶǣһʮмֻɼ֮ûɵ߽ħޣɰ
ΪϿ֮Ԫ൱Ҫǵ
׽ǻҲô׶ԸģϾǲɼ֮ɣǧ֮꣬ߵѪǾŸɫ¾͸ûˡ
ֻ߽ħޣڽѣ治һĴ󣬿ɱˡɽһĳ˵ǲһ㣬Ѳˡ
Ǻǻ̧ǰ㣬Ҫȥ߳ϣ׽𻢵ҲϵұۣȻһʱ仹߲ҧƻԪָķԳϵԪģҲ൱ش
ͬʱ㱩ӥץڷȦϣϵԪҲԷһٶ뵽Ԫָϡ
˾ƣüͷ壬ȴɫ
𣡡
һХϴһʹǷֿۣм£Ǻ׽ǻ󤣬ͬʱײԷ
ֻ߽ħ¶֮ɫֿϲ١
һ˲䡣
䣡
һը죬ֻ߽ħɱײһײǵ޻ҲͷĿѣϵĻɫ䵭˲٣ҲСȥ
Ⱥ׽ǻеڶӦϵ˫ִ򿪣һһңӵԶԶġ
һϵ飬ֻڵʯ֮䣬߿ĵ𾢵㱩ӥڱҵ˺ץţҪһǰն֮㡣
ͻأ㱩ӥָоһΣգֱ֡
ֻǧħޣҲǼÿ죬Ҫ룬Σա
ôأ
ӣ
һȣ𣬽㱩ӥǰץһ죬Ͻ㱩ӥ˵ϣҳһôĿӡ
㱩ӥĺ䴫صƬصĿռ
㱩ӥͷȥĳϣҲɿһ֣ץסĲӣֻץס켴һ½һ£ڵϣһһӶǰ
ңҵͬʱϻڼȡ㱩ӥϵĻԪ
㱩ӥ֮ѱҵһϢˡ
ڣϲˣΧȫǻǵ㣬㱩ӥëθɾһ㣬϶ߣЦȷһѪƵġ
΢΢ľ⡣
˵Ѫ壬Ҳ˺ˣ
һ£ʩչйֻ㱩ӥĲӣˣ㱩ӥͷӥ
㡢š򡭡
ʱ䣬㱩ӥͳױһӵõǣ䣬ϵļ֮ҲӽϨ
۾ôģųϱһĴ˵㱩ӥжǰȴַضûǱ˺顣
߳Ծǣ㱩ӥĻ屻˺飬㱩ӥǧ֮꣬Ҳ˺ˡ
㱩ӥ֮ʱ㱩ӥ֮ʱ
ٿ׽ǻ󤣬ǰߵµسϣڿ˺㱩ӥĻ棬ǾȻֹͣ˽š
ͷ߽ħޣӦûʶģһ̣Ļ֮࣬ӿһǰδеĿ־壬ǲȥ
Ŀ粻ΰǺãС˺㱩ӥȻ˺׽𻢣˺ǻ󤣻ҪСһǲˣҪأ
ӡۣԺʱӿױȵķŭ֯ָǸ߸ϣȴһճûһСӣƵҪӡ
ֻɱﵣ̥СӣûãȻĻô䵽˵ز
ˣʵ
ɶ񣬸ߺ޺һȦüͷٴν壬ϵķʲôģȻ֮ǿֵֻ߽ܵħ޵Ĺһķġ
뵽۾һ˾ġ


329 ľԪ
ڳϵֶΣڳǾ޴ֶųϵķ⡣
⣬Ҫһѣƴһѡ
Ϊ϶ϵķƷԽߣĵԪ϶Խ࣬ˣ˵ƷԽߣҪԪȴٵġ
òʼǳӯԪڴ֮ʱʣ޼ӡΡյĻԪڸղһƳ־ܶǬУҲĵòˡ
š϶ԪֲԼǣȡԪԪָҪĳȡС׼˴ףԶˡ
ҲǳΪʲôҪˮԪȡֵԭһԪʹЩУƷ׵ķ˳ĵ
¶ĵߣִӴָȡһѵȻնԼֱۣѪȪӿעѪ׽ǻӣȻɫǱ˺˵㱩ӥȴûܣɢֱջһء
ֻ߽ħ޻ڳ󣬳ϲӲʱѾˣΪ˴֮Ѿ˷˲ʱ䣬ʱ˷ѵúֵ
ʱ˷ʱֻΪ˼ʶжôʽȫǱΪˣԣϼܳһߣֵʽٶԽԽ죬׽𻢸ǱХ˳ǰ

һҷնڶʽնǺ׽նһ˿飬ȴûбѿź˿ߵַ
ҷնڶʽ߿Ѫ²ֹ۾֮ɫŨȻú׽˿ϸԭҲҪԪĻϣ̷˲ٵҩԪȴв֮УԴȥûƵԪĸɾԼԪȼտݽˡ
ת۾ͻһߴȣ
Ͽ֧飬ȴŵĺ׽𻢣ѿϼ̽Ԫָķ
һʱ䣬ڵԪǽˮľԪȫ֮һգ߽ħޣܵĴڣȻֻǻǣɾߵطǱǰֻǿ
¡ը죬ضҡΣζȻվԶҲ˲ζƲ罫Լķ¿ֽɫķ򿪣˽ɽӣûܶصˡ
ϣԪָȻΪģ˺׽𻢾󲿷ֵıըܣʣȻ͸ϳǿӣ𵽵Ҳ󣬲ҲóϿȳһѪ
ըδߴӴָͳһһķﲻͣغűͬһʱ䣬Ψһʣµֻǻ󤣬ȴԽԽ󣬾ȻѾܵ״̬
ıըΣգҲǲСԪָķû⣬ҪϵԪܹܲӦˡ
ϵķһĶ࣬˵Ʒ״󲿷ֶƷƷȲǸջϵĻԪָܱȣԪʯҲǺܴһֱ֣óۡ
һըϱըֱȥˤڵأɢȥϵɫֽҪ԰ס
ǻֹͣųӳȥĽ罣ЦˣСӣҶ㻹һ㣬ڻԪ𣿽ֱֻۣ
֮ܽǰľѵ˵ôһ仰㲻ٷϻöǻϹóһֻƿʣŵҩ۾֮ɫֱֻ˼ᶨȻŵҩһ̷ȥץŽ罣ɱ
ԪһЦɣϾͻˡ
˵꣬ϵУѾһȭͷСӴڡ
ӣߵԪˣ
߿Ԫˣɫˢһ£̶࣬԰ɫȻ֪Ԫˣ֪ⶫôڳϵ
ֱţôԪ˵ĴڣԼɱģ
룬ǻ󤣬߼лֱӽԪȥһ˲䣬оһɺޱȵԪˮ
ǣϲû빥ǰĶǻ󤲫תˣҪԪ˵Ԫȫӳζ֮һѽζڻȻһӣӣӡ
û뵽ղŻ飬һȻСӣҲôĸɴ䣬ˮŭĿ֮߷˿Уͣʩųһ𽣣նϣֹģĻ𽣣ȴ֮ûжڣͷ˵һ䣺лл
߱ף֪ԼԪԳһЧҲûֻƴҪ׷ϳϣ罣ڣöǻҲٶ׷ȥ
׷˺һϹ켣̫׽ٶֿ죬һӻƴܣһӣȴȥֱô˵ģͣһս
ͣס˽Ų


330 ۽
˵ġ˾һսϼͣ˽Ų
˿̣ǻϲֻѡ
ֻǷŭһ˵ֻһû뵽ϻͣһ֮켴ϲ·𿴵нıҽ֡
Ҫһս𣿺ðսף
ϺȺǿϵԪˣѾȫڵԪȳ۷ʱ̵ԪܺͣҪǿ
ϽζԶ߿ǰɳȥζһͷַˣĿǰһɱϵĴûᡣ
׳ζ󣬳ǻֻһҲһϢɱ
ǻӴѾѹ
ϲӲ㲻ܣ˻ԪָķҪԹأȣ˷
似ǰʹѪ콣˵ϵ似ʹԭˣƴʮֹһĻֻֻ
һдǻ󤹥Ʊֹס
ûͣϢһȣ߽⣡

𣡡

Ͻ˵һϵ似һ˲֮öǻХֹ
ʱɱʹü֮𣬶ǽǱ罣׼˳ϵĵλãʹ
Ϸ֪㣬һתϱһһХԪ
Хǹ˶ǻŭХ
ԪԴƻ𣬱ϸʵս֮мӡ֤ԪػԪؽĽ׶ΣԪ
һʹӿˣһظһͰٱӿǻ󤣬ԪУǻǳ˿籩еһҶСۣ޻֮֮ɻԪɣӴӣʼѿ

ϿҲȳһ֣Ԫ˷¡ϣǻҷ𣬻һƬһƬܱȥ
ǻش֮ʱû˿ۣΪ罣Ϳ̽ϵĵ
ڳϺȳֵһ˲䣬ڴ˳ϵĵλϡ
ߴЦ̱ĵҾͲ㻹ֶܻζԸңҵˣֻһ³Ǿ
׳ա
Ͻ˶ǻ³֡
Цסŷ֣Ľ罣ûд̽ȥ
ֻǴһӲĶϣƬ
߱Ŀ־壬ܣԲܣ⽣ѾƷôܵס
һƬȻۡ
Ʒ̵ܴô
ˣҪˣ罣ϴȥǴԼȻҪɱҪطӹһ١
ǣϲٸᡣ
һԭΪ죬ȴֱϴӰĽԪ
Ԫһ֮
ָѾý罣̽СʩչطȫԪͻȻʹˣôҲûУͲƵġ
ûԪߵطҲͲʩչ˵Ҫˡ
ߴ󾪣ʲô
ûлشԾȻͨش̽ߵĵ
Żĵ˼£࣬ͷ­
ϲ˿⣬ߵĹֶʵ̫࣬ûҪҪңϿɲԱ
⵹ǳܵߵĻϵԪˣ˵ǿ൱ãͱս֮УûߵԪˣ˭ʤ˭䣬治һ
ʮǣߵȻȫʧȥֻһ˫۶ڱߵĿ
ǲģһôأʧ֮ǰһ˲䣬߻Ĵҵϴ󣬶Ӧòú󷨣Űɱ
ϧһн
ߵԪѾս˴ָҪߵԪˣڼ֮úõعһսûаϢζ˵ζʰսȻ
ζϱɨսȽձĴָ£;ȥҪõĶȫѹθɾ
ʧһɲǣԶʮ֮⣬һƣȻѣһŭ˭˭ɱҵͽҶҪ
ͬʱԽһģǧ֮ĵط޿ͣƽͳǣ۾ǶԾԱͷ̫ţûʲôףȴòԾΪ׷ôԶôû׷ǸСӣѵ˵ܵñһ죿
ɻ䣬Ҳ½


331 ôһ
޿˳һǼ֮󣬱Ϊ϶˸ˣټϳϺζҪԱвǣƽͳǿȥ
֮ǰЩˣȻʱȽϾã޿ǳΪڿзϺóһξ룬ԣ㳬ǣԶԶ˦ں档
ǰôã޿ԽԽòԾ·Լƭˣֽʱһǰ㣬ǰϸϿ
ָ˺һúӰ޿ͣˣʵǸʲô״
һӵӣȵ˸޿ǣ涼ֲ̿ѣΪ޿Ҫɱأ
ȵ޿ôǰ׷ǲΪһͷӺһ̫ʱǲŷȻæʱ˵˸
˵ģ޿õģ࣬޿Ҳܾʹжϳ˾ƭģ˶ûǰϣȫͣ
ԽԽ࣬ÿһˣ޿ȸף𰸶ǲġ
ֱ޿ڷ־ﲻԾˣΪЩ˵ģû˵Ǹͷ˵ǲֵܳġ
Ϊֵģһ϶ˣ
ûˣôֻ˵һ⣬޿汻ƭˣе˶ƭˣ˾ˣ
ɶСӣȻƭ棬Ϊҵ𣿡޿޺޲ѣ䵽ҵҶ
ţ޿ͳҩ۾᲻ãһɢߣҵһöҩǿ൱زףΪСӣ˸̷ʵЩ˷ѡ
޿һɨˣ۾⣬ȵϽǵĵҩ׳򣬱ĺˡ
˶û뵽޿һС
޿Ѿץסһˣݵ
棬ҡҡûС
˵Ļû˵꣬޿ֱ֣յĲӣ
˽Ծ
޿ץס˵ڶˣǲ
ҽ
˸Ͻ˵ָĵҩȫ˳
һ˽˳ҲȻΥ棬ĽǾֻңֻһЩҩѣ˶˴
Ҷ룬޿еĵҩԽԽࡣ
޿ЦݣΪоȻмƷͦߵĵҩ벻ǰȺϵı٣ǵ뽫ǵĴָˡ
ҲֻѣǽҩǻܳܣҪǴָǾͻŭˣʮûһİȫʰ
ң޿ҪҪ׷ƭˣǸץסʳǸϢ
Ҳ˲Զ˱޿̷´ѵĵҩԾУ׷ȥ
Զһˣµˣ¿ͣôˣ˼⣬ǰ˵ô¶һ˵µҲ£ظȥ
ʱҲӦ˹һʼƴظϣǣǰ׷·ϣǵԪѾˣָܻԪĵҩҲѹһգû취ֻƴظϣ漣ķ
棬ζѾúõһ飬νһƷԪʯʣﲼõЩ󷨲ϣҲ˸ɸɾ
ǣһ䣬ˣһ֮
˵ջ񣬼ֱǰδеĴջ
ԪʯǾͿɲ˵ˣǸ߾ҪԪʯߵģǴŵĴָжʮƷԪʯнƷԪʯƷԪʯһǧ顣
ôԪʯҲ֪˶ãŻģȴȫΪ˼ѡ
Ȼ޺ˡҩ֮࣬ЩҲǲ٣ҸΪƷϴ˲ٸζ֮ãȫעԪڲ֮ʱ÷ǡ
ˣȱľԪʯ֮ࡣ
Щ֮⣬ϻһջǾҵһбֻе㣬ǰ㣬ˣԶԶȲڲղصЩƷ֮
ǳһ⣬Ժһ磬ɵһǱֻǰġľûеķġľֻǴ·롶çɽࡣ
϶⡶ľ㣬ϲǽľȫɣҪԣȡçɽСǴ
Ϊ㣬ľԴġС֮ͬ


332 ľ
ԴġС˵Ԫ
һУܵģҪģͱҪȥʵԪҪɱĻ練ơ
֮ˣϵʵ̫ߣ
ľ㣬Ҳȡȴ
Ȼֱȡ˵ǰ졣
ľľȻǲľ
ľע⣬ԻľΪԼ˰ָ֮࣬رа
̾ѡ
˵ģһջ񣬾͵ֹЩԪʯ޺˵ļֵͲðΣգɱᣬ˵˼֮Ȼֻǳ׵ģҲȼ˲֪ٱ
ջ񣬳϶ȥһûʲôĹű֮࣬ǸΪ
̾˵Ȼֻ׬ⰡҪǡ
׼ȥˣһأû뵽Ҫ׼󷨣ɱǣڵصģˣã׬˾ܴ׬ҪˣľǴңҿܲ򵥣Ȼ򣬲֪һ
ζµ˵
ϵͷ߰ɣҲ뿪ˡ
˵ţһָһźɫļ֮𣬱ڿУųϻԪʩţԽԽ󣬳Ͻʹȥ棬ȼܴ
֮𣬷յĿɲȼƷЩʯͷЩʬ壬ȫΪ˻ҽ
ζԶѭȥٴλףȻݳǣֱһһȦӣƽͳǸȥ
·ϣ˵ţֻϧûˮԪϢ֪׵ϣ̲ʲôı
ҲܣҪһ𡣡ζᶨ˵ϵͷô෨Ѻټʵһ㣬ζҲûģңˮԪᾡŬȥȡеԪһԡ
˵ض飬ɺ޿棬̷ҩָԪƴϻҲ˳һȭһӣ˼֮£ͨȥߵһ룬ͨȴֱˣ޿Ѿǧ࣬ڵִ֮ʱһƬǳ
﷢ʲô£޿ҲΪ֮ݣȻ֪ǰôô˶̵ʱڣ˸أ
޿浹Ҳ˳ˣ˵ð޿ӵһߣˣһһʦΪߣƲˣ˵Ÿ߽ĸ֣ģҶˣнпǸ߽ĻԪϢƺǼ֮𡭡
޿汧֮һϣôǿܲܲʲôϢǣձˣһ񣬻һ
޿˳ݳǸȥҪȥҵˡ
޿ߺ󲻾ãǸ£ָϵˣͬҲȥ̽һ𾪲ѣϻݳǣأǳõʾǧȥǰȥΧѾһԽˣֻǸϢʵ̫Ҫ²ų²ߡ
ɱΧǸ꣬ûʲôԱǵûʲôǣȫˣһʣ֪ǵĻδŭ
·ɿظ˻ȥ˵֮£ҲǾʧɫҵϽ˽ǴΧԱ㱣ֳʣҲøһ
ͬʱϢؾؼңüø⡣
Ϲܿõ»Ϣ̣һ֮󣬲߳ʵץ𣿡
һ㣬Ϲܿǲ˵ģԣϹܿʻе⣬еܳĸоûж룬ΪϹܿʶǸˣֻϹܿʼ
뵽˼ˣˣǻðɣ˵Ǹˣʵ̫ƻˣƽͳȥȥ׷Ȼֻ˸װһͷӺһ̫ţݳǣƭ˵ǸƽͳȥˣǶΪ棬׷ȥ֪ȴĴ󵱡
ˣˣϹܿԱ
µͷˣһŮģװͦÿġ
ϹܿɫЩ԰ףֻɴס¿ֻϹܿĺأæ˵ƭ˵ģң޿ҲƭˣءѾһѳǣݳǣ;ȻӲûյǿ϶Ǵķȥƽͳˡ
ŶϹܿӦһתˣŪЩĪ


333 
ԭѾˡϹܿԳţЦһΪٴμһΪɱɱѣӣΪεҪңΪҪأ
ϹܿţʮɽеһĻĻ棬ηؽ󣬲һ䣺֮𣿡
ûд𰸣Ϲֻܿǿյý
ϹܿûʶǸ飬˵Ͳ֪ӺδҪδȥ֪գ֪˵кã
Ϊ棬ҵʵ֮ġϹܿӣ˼ᶨ֮䡣
磡
ƽͳǵĳϣͻشһ磬˵˭˵ң
һ䣬ɫȻ϶ǵڹңһȥˣǲǽˡţ¶˾ģףȽһٶȣϻؼ
ӣ˵޿淢˵᲻ٴתƽͳȥ
˵ãȥ벻ȥûʲôϵڶ޿棬оԵİգ˵úš
⵹ǣǸΪȴܽɱˣԽս£̫үү˵ǰǸӢ۱ʱŻᷢԽԽ٣û뵽ҵߣôһλӢۡҺĲ࣬ԽԽˡ
ζиˣҲ̾Ϣ˵ǣԽԽˣûһŮӲϣǿһ㣬ǿһ㣻̾ϢǣӵĽŲȴԽԽԶ
ʵζ£ӳ״ʦ߽״ʦڳ佫˿ٶȣѾ֮ˣǻľ˫ʣΪţΪ
ϵһζŹ⻷һƬڰˣζҲףֲȥһ죬ϴӵĽŲȻŴӲʹ˶ǣһʲô£ֻܱӱϺȣζԸģĽҪһƿһ裬ҪΪǣҪս
ֻڳϵƴɱѾһССĴʦֵܹˣζﳤغһһ׷ģһġ
ζһᱣġ
ζЦŻصһ
˽ζץһпʱţԪʯȱ޺˲ȱҩҲ㣬ζͲߵøһ㡣
ζ˼ӿĸжУ˰Ҳ۸ġ
һЩʹųϣǼӱʵΪֻʵԽߣ£Ҫˡ
һӣڼоľҪɲľ㣬ôһڶ㣬ͱز٣ԣĿǰֵǵһ㡣
ľһڶľôͨƾΪԪˣǸߵԪˣҪͨ¶
ľԪ֮󣬾ͲһԪܴͨˣռԪˣԱɲľ㡣
ϣ޿ٶȣ׷ƽͳš
ʱ޿ݳٴεõ˸һĽ֣˼ǰ󣬱޺޲ѣץסϣҪóܾǧĥĻƽͳǸȥ
ûõϢҲƽͳǲ̽Ϲܿٴ̣һڸȥ
ݳǵϢȥؼΨһλ̫ϳ֪ٴβȻŭؼĿǰľƣѾΣˣȴѩϼ˪¿ЩӺϹҵСѾͷΪؽ֮ˣöҪȻؼұ¶ϹҵϺ꣬϶ѩ̿侮ʯ
˵꣬λ̫ϳֺ޵˭ɱ϶˭޻ؼңҪؼҵΣֻнңڸɵעתƵˣ翪սԽս쿪սˣؼһһ˿ᣬĻᡭ
ؼ̫ϳܳﻮ
ͬʱһݳǣ鿴ܲҳʲôȻǲ鵽˺һЩ˿޿桭
飬ֻҪˣߣҲҪҲװס
ͷźɷǿ֮˲עǹһڵģؼҵġ
ȻͷˣתѰȥ֮Լ
Ҳɹͷǲĺɷǣû˿֤ݣпɷˣȫˣͷҲһֻȭͷȥ
һ죬ѾΪԪˡľһصĳϣζƽͳǣͬ˻׼ȥתתܲԵʲôȻһվ׵ȥ


334 鱴
ƽͳҲǵشҪߣڴţټ֮ƽͳǵΧвٵɣֲϣݣҪʯ֮ࣻ䲻˵ӦоУҲʮֵķࡣ
ˣƽͳǵķйģȻ󣬵̶ֳȣҲ൱ط
ζڷﴩԱһ߻ռϢ뿴ˮԪϢɢÿǸеĿģȻǽϢԪʯô򵥣ԵҪС
ͬʱҲڵȴĳЩ׷޿棬Ҫɡľ㣬ٲҪԪһãҲ
ƽͳǵķз˺ü򣬱רһЩ似֮࣬ҩҩ
Щģһ㶼ǵͽ֮࣬붼ǻƽһ㣬߽׵ģ׵ؽ׵ģɣҸ¢ˣó
Ҳ⣬еƫƫֵطԵ˸߽˵ûбʶһѡ
ЩҪ˵ˡ
ζƺôѣת˰죬һ񣬵Ҳ˲Ҫĵͽײϣǿ϶ҪģΪзɵɣֻûôʱ䡣
תˣָװ˺üûһȥתһȦûջ񣬱㲻ƽͳǶҹ·˵ҰޣϾ棬ء
ܿ죬˾͵ƽͳǵλá
ֻĵشһ¥ߵĽľʽṹȴҲư硣
ǰһ۵Ľơ򱦸󡱡
ܽ˹ģġ򱦸󡱣Ȼһġ
ϸȥСӭ˵ǰҪʲô򱦸෱࡭ɨһλСˣž޲ȴЩССԾΪ˾Ȼų佫Ϊ
Ҫֻ֪һСˣг佫Ϊڲ֮ϵأ
ֻҲп⡰򱦸󡱹Ϊô˵⡰򱦸󡱲򵥣
룬˵а𣿡
УǰҪ٣
кʯ𣿡
Сһ˼صҲС
𣿡
С
Ϻζһ˵˲ٵҩĺϣ򱦸УȻЩϱȽͨУȴûҵһ־裬صѸղ˵ģһʮݰɡ
õģǰԵһϸ׼ã򱦸ǰҲԿһ£ûġ
ϵͷҪ̧ǰʱſȴܵʲô
磬㣬ⶫ϶һֻҪ鱴ݾУ㡭
ûٲҾͶ㲻ˡſһС׺ݵ˵Ȿ飬ƹѾ͹ˣͲǱⶫƭˡ
ûƭǣǱҵһŶõģΪҸڻڴˣͻ鱴ݾУǰ
ǾƲҪԷˡ
Ŷ֣üëɲһ£תͷȥſСȫԪҪ˶ˣ˻ں磬㣬ֻ鱴ݣ㡭
С˺ܲͷȭҪ¡
ʱϺȵס֡
Сһ㶣ȴס֡ǳϣζһǰһˣֻԪ΢Ϊֻнʿڰ׼ҴĳϣҲͺôһ㣬ȴҪ鱴ݡ
ϸպ֪鱴ʲôõģ֮ˣԪɢή֮ʱõģҲˣ鱴ݵļ۸ҲˣһžҪʮƷԪʯ
ʮƷԪʯǲˣ뵱޳ŲԵ֮ʱǸԪһƷԪʯ۲ѣŻǶĴɡ
֪нʿΪ˵ʮƷԪʯ򵥾һɽ
ȻԳ˵ʮƷԪʯֱǲֵһᣬáڳԺڡķʽѾǻ˴ԪʯҪǰˣԵľֻ֮ͣҲ뵱ĺˣʻС˵ǰᣬϾͽߣŵ
ϰ˰֣˵⡣
Сֻһߡ
鱴ݣȥ˵ĸ𣿡
ǵģǰϣǰҸͷˡ˵ţ˾͹ȥ
ɡƽ˵ТĵķϣҰˡ
ллǰллǰ˱߿ͷ߽ϵĶȥĵ˵ǰˡ


335 
ǰɡ
ԱߵС˼ҪʮƷԪʯ鱴ݣϽȰ˵Сӿ˵ıȫǵƹѾˡ
ԲҵġҲæ
Ц޷ȻѪģһûȥɡ
ǰɲУҵ˵жرСõĳֵģҲֻⱾˣǱֻǲʶѡ
󵨣㾹˵ǴƹʶС˵Ҫȭӣӳ˶ʮƷԪʯȻ˵ȥȡ鱴
С˶ǾŵһۣӹʮƷԪʯȵҪǰڴˣǽ˵꣬ź޺޶ȥ
һл֮󣬽ǡ顱ȥϿС˶ˣֱһϣһ£ҲǸпߵ磬ǿΪǿ߲ܰסԼˣȻǰһ㣬첻Ӧصţϲ뵽ǰ׼Ҵ˵˽Сǰˣֻ½˻Ҫҡ
ʵϸпŽӹ˵Ĳб飬һȻ飬ʮҳֽƫƫһЦ£˵򱦸ƹ񶼼ΪôⱾ飬ֻֽһֱЩڵ̯ϣƭ˵飬Ǳһһ֣Ǿ飬ıֻûз֤ǱˣҵʵķͬصĶ϶ͬ졣
뵽˵ĹŶϵмǱ
˿Ͻӹ飬Ǹɫֿ˵ǰлл㣬Сд£ؼҺһǰĳλ
Цˣϣг֮
ţȴ˵⵹ˣԵТ֮ˣʵߵͣҶǺܾģⱾ飬ҾȨɡ
ллǰֿͷ
ʱСҲ鱴ݹˣȵŸϽ뿪
һл֮ص鱴ݣתɿȥҲתͷȥˡ򱦸ıǸС˿ųϵıӰȴڸţǿʳ磬ôĵˣ˵ôɵģʮƷԪʯһҲʮƷԪʯ
˽¥ˣһЩָԪĵҩ켴׼õĺʯȲϣƮȻȥ⡭
Уζǰ˵̬ȣǿТģʵӣļ
һݣԶ˵ںԶԶĵط
ȥʱ򣬴ҰɡζĿУϣ
ЦŴһ֣ã
ζĵЦˣвţ˴ӵļ˴ӵĵף˵ʲôָ磬ţɺˡ
˵䣬Ѿ˳ſڣȴſΧһˣ˱ᣬֱǶɾʱȺдŭȣ鱴ݣ
鱴Сӣ
Ȼҵģһǰҵġ
ǰһССнʿΪߵĶǰǰǲǸ߽ʿϷʳȻȣزʶ˭˸Ķ㣬˭ôɵ˵˵ϻôɵˣ鱴ݣ
Χ˶ڵͷǵȷû¶
ϸƤ⣬ǶһˣҶˣֱȵ鱴͵ҵģ㻹Ʊ磬Ͻ֣ӽֱֻһˣ
Ѫˣⲻģ
ӷ֣
Ҳţ㻹鱴ݣҪ鱴ݸ
ҪͿ͵ҵĶ𣿡
鱴ݲģģҵġ
ģⲻвŮһӵ˵鱴ģ֤𣿡
У򱦸Ļָҵģȥʣ˵Ƿŭ
򱦸󣿡вŮ֮һ䣬ԥɿ鱴ݣԥ֮ɫɢȥƲ˵鱴򱦸ģҲ͵˹ȥһ·׷㻹𣿡
㡭㡭˱˵ˣ۾ǼᶨҲ֣Ҫ鱴ݾ
Ϊ֣Ҿû취ˣ
вŮ֮Ц˵֮ɫһѴ۵ϸҪ˫նȥ
ؼʱ̣һ𣺡ն֣Ҿնͷ


336 һȭɱ֮
ն֣Ҿնͷ
⻰һǲвŮ֮һæתķԴΧ۵ȺԾÿһ
м߽ģȻǳζ
鱴ݡĸ֣ϱͣס˽ŲһԻҲ˵׷ʲô¡
һ߽ѪϲϽɿ֣ҪϹȥﻹ˵ǰң
ڣúõġ˳Ԫû˹
ǲвŮΪǸ߽佫оϴѹ˵˭
ҾǸ߽ʿҾǸɵӣϵ˵
вŮ鱴ݣ֪ǺãֿζֻʦΪ²ϵΪҲ˵˵£򣬱Ҳ
ŶǣЦζԱ˵Ľס֪
㡭֪˭ɣ֪ҵʦ˭𣿡вŮ֮ˣԼĺ̨Ҳ˵
ʦӣҵ鱴ݣҲǱɣ
вŮǲų˵Ļ˵ȱæ˵󻰣Ͳҵʦ˭Ҹ㣬ҵʦħ棡

Χһ󾪺ħ棿Ǹ֮µĵһ
˭÷ʾ˻ش
벻˾Ȼħĵӣ鱴ݱضˣϾħѾаֻ̤硣
ģ
ȻģϢ˶֪ˣ㻹֪

вŮЩۣͷø߸ߣ˿ħһ㣬ָų˵ҿ㲻ȻҶʦʬΣ
˶ÿĿ⿴ųϣ̾Ϣ
ζüͷ˵ӣҺˡ
Ǿʧɣ
˵ʲô־˵һ飡вŮ֪ȻΪƾʦţʰǰˣԣȻš
ϲϻжûתֻһȭвŮȥ
ϳ֣ٴγԾǲˣħǼ令֮ˣҪɱĵӣض
вŮǲȫû뵽ǰ֪ʦħ棬Ȼ֣ҵʦħ棬ҵʦ֮µһˣҵʦ϶ᡭ
ûлӦֻȭͷ
вŮ㣬ȴǶ㲻ֻȭͷԽԽ
һ˲䣬вŮû˷Ӧʲô֪ˡ
ΪһȭԴϣֱԴ˸ϡã⻹û꣬ȭͷ䣬вŮ壬Ҳһѿ
һȭ֮󣬲вŮʧˣʧӰ٣
ѪڽƮ鱴ݣһԪ鱴ݾ䵽֮С
Χ۵˿һĻ˲þȣ˸ɸɾ³Ͻһʰˣħ浽ʱǨŭǡ
ĴţҲڲ²⣬²ųϵ֣²ųǲҲˣȻţ²ħҪ֪ϢжôĲȻŭ
Ͻ鱴ٴεݻ˵ƴͷлֹϲ̣˵ˣڵ鱴ݻȥأ
˻عϽȥֺֹһ¡
ǰʲôԸ
Ҵȥɣв֪㣡
ȻǸм㣬æ˵˷򣬳һǣζһץסȫԪ˵ļȥ
ͬʱҲ֪һЩ˵˽ĸ磬ΪҲһΪǸ߽״ʦͲˣ⣬޿ҲнʿûԴͿȥ˵Ժ֮ãԣһֱúܿ࡭
Ǳ飬׷һֻħޣеһŶˤòᣬΪԼʹһ·ѰȥѰһѻ˻ҵʬ壬ȻҲ˵֮ˣ㹧ʬˡ
˵һڣڳǱ顣
֮⣬鿴˰죬ҲûпʲôڹŶ˺һһ
׼ŶʱܲõڹŶĵشȻشֻһħޣʤ࣬ҲǺòײ˳
ǣӳѾˡ
˽⵽һУ룺Ȿ飬˵дͷҪҪȥǸŶ
ʱָǰһʯӣ˵ǰҵļҾ


337 Ĳ
СʯݣʯҲûаڷʲôҾߣֻһЩªճƷƽʱҲ׾ݡ
ţϲ˽ȥ
Ҳһ˳ӣҾͷˣǱҲҪȥˣ˵ġ
Ѿ鱴ݣ
ģǾϲ
վʯ⣬ûнȥ⸸ĶԻһι˳ŨŨ˼飬Ҳ˿ѰңҰɡ
һпźζһ˽ȥ
ʱѾ֪ԭί֪ǳϸ鱴ݣħĵУ鱴ݡ
˸мʹҪŴӴͷлֹֻ鱴ݣ߶ԪҩҩѸٷӳ
ָһЩҩƣۼźϽжȥ׼ԵģеĴó
ϰ˰֣ǸŶʲôطҲֻ˵˸ţҲ߽ȥģҲǷǵҪȥŶһֻ̽ЩȤһʰˡ
֮󣬳˵ǻǿ뿪ɣħõϢҪҲףʱǿɾҪѡ
ǰ˵ǣ˺úҾʹŶӣ뿪鱴뵤ҩľѾ˲١
˵ߡ
˵ţóٿƷԪʯǣ˿ѾٰŬȴɹʹó˵һڵϴ赤һ̷ٸһЩҩ󣬻һƷ似һöϵ͵Ĵָ󣬳ϱ㲻ǵִ·ˡ
ӿĴָпǧ³ϵĳλжպлᣬñ˴ȻҲʰ뿪˴˵ء
ϸǵĶٵÿҲԸǸ࣬ɳ֪ǲһǺ£˵Ϊɱ֮ٿƷԪʯѾϺܳʱˣǱƷ˸ҪΪұ֮Ĵڡ
£ֻһСҪԭ򲻹ǳиТģųû뵽պȡرǣպҲû뵽вµȻһŴ
ζʱ䣬ּǸŶȥ׵Ĵ·࣬˱ȥǸŶѰһܲջ
ͬʱƽͳӿ˲ٵİʿ֮ʵıǣûпˣһһŮŮΪǸ߽״ʦеҲǳΪ
ɵõĴ𰸣඼ҡͷ
Уʵģ޿棬޿ԳΪȥѰȻǰʰٴȻͬǰ׷޿֮ʱһȭɱħӵ飬ǶԷպþһһŮŮΪǸ߽״ʦ
޿ץס˸ף͸¶Ϣٶȸȥ
ѰŹŶλõʱ򣬱׵ˮԪϢѾԸָķʽ¶˳ȥ֪ˣٶΪϡ
һУ϶֪
Ѱ˺üʱ̫ɽҹɫ֮ʱûҵˣܣһӣܱ𩣬кüֻĽħ޸𩾭Щӵĥѹ֮£ҲͻƵ˴ʦΪ
Ͽ϶Ŭ֮ʱһߺвѣϽ͵Ϊô죬žԵĹϵԭܾսƤƾΪǾ˲ֺܷˣҲ͸𩴴˼Ϊ
ԵɣҲؽܣĿ⡣
Ҷ֮ܵغ˯ȥϡζȴץʱʵ˯Ҳһ
ζǸо佫ƿ뾡ܸϳϵĽŲԣ
ϣšľڶ㣬Ҫ콫ľ޳ɣһֱֶΣԤУȥ׵ǰ׵ģء
ӣζһ˾ƫ˳֮·Ұ⣬սϵ·߸ȥȻǱ߸ϱץ˭Ҳһʱ䡣
˰£׵ֻ֮һľ룻⣬ԽҲҲԽԽ࣬·ȥ׵ġ
ɫأ档
һϾǸߵԪˣľڶͨ


338 
̷ԪˣȡԪԳ˵Ѿ顣
ݹ۳ϵĳɳʷӷﵽǿߣһ·̡ȥ
һ̡Ҳһ̡Ȼǡ̡ѾҪѪ춨ʵĻ˱̬ǿ壬һʮΣ֮ʣԵ˻ʵ١
ǡ̡Ԫʯ̡޺ˣ̡Ԫڡ̡ΪԪˣ
Ԫ븹ϱ㽫һʮȫȡԪ֮еĻԪԪ˹ȻǼ֮ľ裬ܴһʱ̣ȡꡣ
ܽû˯ǻһԣԷһζҲǣȫĶڴӵϡ
ڣԪмȡһ˿Ԫ㴢ʹת
ȻǿޱȣһһۣһһҪľڶɣǾţҲǵû֮ɡ
ǣҪʱ䣬ֱá̡ݡ
ֻΣԡҲ˺ܶ࣬һע⣬ǰܴɣǻɢĽ֡
˿̣ʹⲻس鶯Ѫӡ
аʱԪ˲űȫĸɾ
ڵĹͷָ˼֣ЩѪ⣬ҲմȾ˺ɫϺȻ뵽Ϊ֮ԭ
ǰĻԪѾѹ˼ޣûͷڴͨǰľ飬ǿ̶ȵļǿͨҲԽԽѣһľһ㣬Щʧܡ
һأΪԷһȽĽԪҲѹ׼˼õͨһĻһ㣬Ҫųȷһ
ԪǷһ£һӣǴһ֮ԪȻĴû˿ͣͷʹĻԪԪԭ֮ƣȥ
ʹ˲籩Ϯҧţҧסľս־ţֵԡһ̣
ζǿ֪ӵʵٶȱǿߣͬʱ֪ÿһαǿĴۣǺش
һˣǻӶȥÿһαǿԵĥһء
籩꣬ʱ֮󣬲ƽϢ
̱ڵأȻ۵˼£ϣȴ˷ܵЦݣ˵⡶ľڶ㣬ɹˣͨ衣
ͽǡľĵ㣬ֻҪԪ̫ӴˣԭΪԪ˵Ӧþ͹ˣһ룬ƻǲҪǿǿˡ
һЦ󣬳ϻָһСԪ˯ȥζٴγ֮У˷֮еĳϣ㽫ԼϵĶһ
óǿֵĺڵһκڵ˳ϵѪ֮󣬲Ԫʯ޺ˣΪƿǶɻûзӦֻÿ춼ιڵѪһȻ⣬ιѪ֮󣬺ڵˣϼûжҪջȥɺڵԵһ¡
۾ֻһ£ڵû˷Ӧ룬㽫Ԫʯ޺˸һЩóںڵΧԪʯ޺˾Ͳˡ
ڵڳɳֹһ䣬ֱӽӵһװԪʯĴָȥﻹпԭΪԼѾһˣڵɵٶȣҪ뷨Ӷ׬Ԫʯˡ
֮󣬳óŴؽιѪ֮󣬸оһϵ˵ؽؽڿ˲أȵȵȣҽɣΪ»һ
ϵﴫ˵һ֮󣬳ؽó˻ԪָǵĪ˵ָƷ׵ķȻֻзһܣϱо˽Ԫ棬˷Ȧ֮⣬ϻûзܡ
ҲִţԪУ˻ԪԪ󣬽ˮԪľԪҲһԶ룬ûзӦԪָܡ
ڳϵϸĹ۲֮£ԪָȷЩŹ֣ϸûмԪָķܣȥԪûˣɡ
ĪָҲһܹȡԪϲ²˵һҲŽ˴ָ
óۡ϶û뵽ҪãǽԪ罣Ƚɻĸɫ
ϽõסģԪúüһԱ㵽ʱӦ֣ܴһλԪԪƾҲǿޱ֮⣬аȫٿؽԪǻΪ죬Ͼûôˡ
ϰԵأϼ֮ʱֵ˼Ѫ
󣬳ϵϣǱ飬ϿţǱ


339 аٱ
Ͽе飬û̫ĹűпܼصĶĳָǿ似
似Ա˵ܻһȷѪ꣬Ϊ֮Ϊ֮Գ˵ȴ̫ŵؽƷġǬתŲƷ޼۵ġǬ似Ҳ˲١
ԣ϶Ǳ治̫ںⱾ飬صǾͲһˣϱԿ׹Ǻģ
켴һ룬ԳЦˣ׹ˣͲŶΪһ߰׹ˣŶδ£
ɡľڶĳϣʮֵ죬Ҳ뿴飬Ǻûǲһ£ҲһʮȤ¶
ǺʹһԼǰӼαʹһֵֽεķ˰ΣϱȡŪˮ˺һҳֽˮ档
ҷ˰ʱ󣬰ֽǰֽûһεּ෴ֽʪˡ
һ˵ǱĻʹԲֽҲʪǣֽʪˣ˵飬붼Ǽٵˡ
Ū棬һԵ̬ȣ˺һֽ֮ȥգһӴϣֽǾͱˣžҪȼ
ϸϽ˻罫ʪ˵ֺֽɣĳҩ֭
࣬ǲС
飬ˣλǰƿһЦյú˽ʬΪˡһţһʶǰԪȷһԪ顣
룬ϱҪսָ
ͻأ۾⣬оˣæһȴû쳣ղŵĸϸһ˼ţոԪ鵱һԪĪǡ
ЩˣǼĳָǼƽ顣
켴ԪԴԴ顣
һ֮鿪ʼɢˣҲ棬Ҳ˷ĩҳȻûˣӻڣȴҲڱ仯ʧתһԴɫֽ
ֵƬ֮󣬳ŰɫֽƬһᣬɫֽƬȻһ㣬չд֣һЩͼй·һ㡭
ϻûпݣ̾ţλǰ湻˼ģ棬ȷӣȴǴã˭뵽һѾעԪأϰһ£ֻҲֲܡ֪ǰѾ˼ֽƬ׼ʲô
Ŀһƣϱ㿴ĸ֣аٱ䣡
аٱ䣿ʲôһһȥЩСֶʶտʼãȻ֮ɫúϵɫߵƲʣ
ȫɫֽƬϵСֿ꣬Ǿͼһ֮󣬳ϵɫһ㣬òٺˣֱкñȫѹ򰡣
ζҲ˷ֵģЦӣ񵽱ô˷ܣ
ζǼ񵽱ˣ󱦰
ʲô
ϽɫֽƬ˹ȥζ㿴㿴֪ʲôˡ
ζŽֽƬһҲ˷ӣǴģ
飬Ǳ顣
ζȵúϲ£죬Ҳ̫𣿡
ǰϵղŵ¶˵һ飬ζ˵Ȼģӣô죿
Ƚаٱڶ˵
ζɵӣҪʱ䳤ˣȥ׵ǿɾ͸ϲϽˡ
Ҫ˶ʱ䡣Ȼò˶ʱ䣬ֻǣԪˣЩңǺأϵԺȫŰ취ԪˣֻҪ㹻Ԫˣ㹻Ԫаٱ䣬ʲô¶ֻԪˣ㹻ԪȴĶѰأ޿浹һţû޿Ϣ
ţҪȻҹյǰˣɽܻɵһ㣻ǣôأɲܼģһģȡԪˣǿɱȵɽ죻ԪˣԪ
ͣȷʼҲһõİ취ֱȽ⡰аٱ䡱ɣаٱ䡱˵൱Ҫ
ǣ⡰аٱ䡱ʲô


340 ϴ
аٱ䣬Ȳʲô׵಻ʽ似ĳѰͼ
һƷףпܱ󲿷ΪǼߵ
ֻǣڳ˵㡣
аٱ䣬ǳĿǰҪһܹΪ
ңаٱ䣬ǽΪ˼򵥡
аٱһ㣬òڹ߿ɱ䰫ֿɱݣɱȵȣ뵱ʲôǹһڶ㣬ԽΪûиΪϵߣԿ磬ôҲ۲һ۱֪㣬ԸıϢ֮࡭
˵ˣ߾磬ԽԼϢ䵽ʵʵ߳磬˵ĻԵغʹȻʵҪǸ߳ʵ磬Ǿûˡ
аٱ죬ҲǴкô
ԣ˷ܵЩˣһ̣ȻаٱԵõѰأ
µϡ
⣬аٱ˵Ź൱Ҫ̵סʹ簫ߣͷǿʹޱȣķʱϳȵȡ
Щ϶ģֻҪ㹻Ԫһж⡣
ϰǰı¶Լ֣޿ǰļƻζ˵һ˵ζȻǵͷͬ⣬£ϱĥЩ
ζаٱҲ׼һζɲһнݾߣֻǰͰ
ҹ޻һ磬˱̣ĳиȥԶԶظں棬׷ѭųϵ˵ĽŲ
һ·ϣ˲ˣΪϣֻ佫ҲǸ߽佫п֮ˡ
ЩҲల£ϿüƴɱҲ֪Ϊ滹ǱгԹмҪ°죬Ͳ˵ֻǿظ·Ҳûסǣмͷ֪ħ޵ǵǰ棬ûг֣Ϊ֪ζ룬ζĿʵʵսǱزٵġ
ֻħޣûзʲôζϷڶ࣬һһб룬ýɽӣҲΪɾؽħ޸ʰˡ
һ·񱼣һ·ʰһϣΧ򽣳ǣͦһξ룻ʱע⵽󣬾Ȼòˣ˽нѾʱ
տʼֻΪɺϣһֱʱǾ;Բɺˣǣͣס˲ӣͷ˵λΪθҶˣ
ǲҪȥ򽣳𣿡мһ˵
۾ȥλθɣ
ѵֻȥͲȥˣߵ·Ǿ߲ˣ˼Ц˵ұ˻ص磬ú˷ϻǸϽԪʯնɱǡ
һ㶣켴Ц
Цʲô
ЦԲ
㿴ˣǿˣϽǷͷ
ԭǼ̰ǿζõķּζʦΪȴնɱٵħޣ²⵽ζõķͬ죻ټϼֻΪ˸·ܼӣƺҪȥʲô¶һ·٣ٵõĺô
˵УΪʲô·ôҲһ˵ʵһȻĻеĴɱŮľ͡
ǿʳ磬ɱ˶ᱦûʲôԣڳԺҲûʲôԡϱ˵ţǰȥȴýҵĿ꣬ýҵڵĶԣǴˣĽǻ𣡡
ǰװƣֲǵһұ˺ݺ˵󣬻Ǳֵܸʰˣ
ֵ֪ܵ˵һ
Ǳǡ
˵Ļû˵꣬Ѿɱȭͷ裬ʹںϽԪһȭ˵˹ȥ
ˣֵɫ䣬˲ٱţм˱һȣһ֣󣬳ˣ
˼Ϲ
ϵȭͷȴѾϡ
ʱȭ˵
ҽֱӾͱҳ˴󾪣ޣ
ϵţʵûȤ
²飬һȭұ˴ȥһȭԼ״ʱǽӲӵȭͷͻر˺ɫһŻȼȭͷϡ
𡭡
ͦʶ֪Ǽ֮𣬿֪ʵ̫ˣȭͷδУѾʼȼˣȵһȭӡؿϣѾճ˻ҽ
˵Ǵˣ


341 
ɱ˶ᱦֻϣֻɲǼ䣬㱻ֻ
ʣµǸϴˡ
似ʩչһ룬ֵܾˣﻹҷɫҲñȰƻҪף˵Ҳɴ֪࣬ԼУҲȥΪʲôͬȴôֱӱ㽫еķһӣ顱һ˵ϣ
С۲ʶ̩ɽðǰǰ¡
ˡ
ԸΪΪū˸оΣڵϦϵȭͷڿһ£˼״дһԺٵñסµ
ΪϿ϶ӦϾһȻһûɵʱ㿴ȭͷͬʱһ仰ū㻹񣡡
Ǵż֮ȭͷķ㻯ɻ̣Ʈȥˡ
һϽϵָֻʰȻںܸУŲ˷ѡҲԭ򣬳Ͻ˵ķҲΣȥʮԪʯҲǲġ
һ飬ָֻȻҲвٺöͦɱ˶ᱦĹȭҲֵá
һ䣬׼ζǰ·ʱͻԶһХζʱɫ䣬ΪХ̫ϤˣܵХ
Хܼ
ԥϱζХĵطȥȫ񱼣ԾһԾʮɡ
һߣܵȷѣΧˣжʮ֮滹Ůģ߽н֮⣬ڳ߻վһ׷ƮƮߣ˳ź룬ųеΣЦ⡣
׷ߣһܽҪ˭㺷Ȼ֣ܵʽ֮⣬·ֵһᣬ׷ߵΪȻǳ
ʮԶһѪܵӣˣ˵ɣͻ֮ʱǸֱֳɫĸ߽һб㽫ս״ʦΪ𩣬ģ
ʮΧܣйнˣ໥֮ǷٿǵĴ磬ÿ˵·󣬶һѽõ似ҲһУиͬ
һ֪ǲżȻһģһģһǴȻ˭ܰڳôų
׷һγ֣ܵĹҪһƸĵûɢнץסᣬʹС
ȻܵƤϺ񣬿ҲסôʱĿնѾѪ߰ߣ˺ˡ
µӵõջһֻܣһã߽ܹ治һħޣһ˳ûȡǼҲֵˣշ߽ܣɽޣǿǸ꣬ӼʮΪǰǳɳ͵ħޣǶ˼޵ħޣպܳɳһɹղǾֻºˣܻҲǱˡ
׷߶ѣŵɫǲҲѷˣҪܵԸĥˣٽշ
ţ׷ֿԱһϢ𩣬üëһᣬһССĴʦܵˣԲҲá
ֿ֧穵ܣ˵ʦܽշһܽշˣ
˵Ҳ֣֮ܺ׷һֻĽħޠǶȥۿҪ׷ϣǸϳΪ⣬ʡ
ɾʱܵһȺŽͼǰ
տʼһȺ˱һϽȥץǣţֿܡ
ʱʮ˵עȫӠǵϣתƵϣҺȻ֣˳ȥٽܸΧ
ֱǰʮˣܶܽĳǺرǸܺ޻ֻ֮м֮
ʦ֣߽ܵ˫ۣ
ʦ˵ûڻʦ֣ܵ
ã
׷һ˵ܸˡ
ʦİɣʡá
ʮϺһмӣԽڶʮŸˣʹԼ͵ʽܵкȥ
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽأܿХѣХУźݺݶأ˫֮УȫâʢϵףԽԽ񡭡
츳ͨ׷߾ֻܲɳħޣһǱħޣ̫ˣʵ̫ˣһҪշ
׷ߴϲ
˫գɽ塣
Ӵȣġߣ


342 ӹ
ġߣ
Ӵȳ֮ʱ˻ʮ֮⣬ߡ£ǽ͵ܵǰۿҪܵۿûһֻ֣۾ϣң˫ɽ壬Ҳ˲ˮһ۾ֻϵס
ߵ͸ܵף֮ܵУڼ꣬ܳʹһŭֱȭͷץסУХţɽһ͵ʮ׸ߣȻܵķŭӡ
ľ׷ٴγ֣һʮ׸ߵĴɽͱƬϣܵԸĥ⣬ǧҪ˼
ܼԼĹЧֻۣޱѪ죬ԪһģĹӣץס󳤹ӣɨȥ
һлãһʱ佫ʮ˱˿Ӵ󺰵Ӹˣֲܼ˶೤ʱˣԪľֻܾ׸ˡ
ʦ˵ǡ
˱ƴȫٻӣֶܺܣˣϽԹԳ򣬶
ǣǸʵ̫ˣôӵôǿĴأǸ
Ҫ㻹Ҫףʹ̱۾Ҫն˫˫ţҪ
ҪȡܵƤƤף
Ҫ㳼ǣǽõĴһ
Ȼͽ˿ɱߴ飡

ʮһһ䣬ӲʩشܣܲŭΪоʧʵ̫ˣҲԽԽ֧عͨȡԪޱȡ
䣡䣡䣡
ը죬Ǹӱȫˣ͵ش³һѪѪɢʮѽˢˢؽΧм䡭
𣿡
ҡͷͿͷ

ܵûҡͷܿ˵˵ۣȫޱȵĳޡ
ۣ
һѽ̽ܵϣһѪ
ȣ
𣡡
һŭХ۾·ŭҪЩһȥ׷־ХΪ֮ݣϽ˵ȱܱƼˣһ
Хո֮ʱԶִһХ
Хŭ𣬱֮ܵŭй֮޲
׷ɫأʮɫ΢䣬תͷ۰׷ߣʱΪֻҪʦڣ;Բ¶
ܣѪϣųЦݣǱĵĿ⣬ʬһ㣬ɨŽΧĶʮˡ
ʲôĲˣ
һ˿ܵǲˬͨԵܣԻأһѪ˹ȥ
⧲֮£˱˸ţΪ𣬺ȵ
˵ţὣȥֱܴ졣
ۿҪС
Х𣬻ǵĶĤʮ̧ͷϿȥ
ֻгһӰûǷӦһ㣬ֱվ¡
׷߼״ٶ൱ؿ죬һѴ󽣣ʽؽЩ
Сӣ˷׷ȡ
ӹ
Ϻ飬ֱӻԪָһٹܷһʮУ˲ת£Խںϣžȭ˶ޱȣЮޱȵķŭ׷ȥ
׷ɫȻ䣬ʮɡ
ϧˡ
ϵȭͷڰ׷еĴϣҡβѣݵ׷ߵϣ׷ֱԪһȣ󽣱㱻ҷɵ׿ȥ
ֻ͵ȭͷڼң׷ߴ󾪣۾˿־֮ɫԪֻнԻû󽣣ϵȭͷն
ϲܲˣֻһȭȥ
ѽӲӵĴ󽣣Ϻ÷飬ȭͷȥƣûм
׷߼ˣзȥ
ȭͷһ𣬼֮ӿֱϮ׷ߣ׷ߵľѾԿӣֻһȭ
һȭ֮УȻԪнл
ңԪǲ
رǻ𣬾Ȼ˼֮ľ硣
֮԰׷˵Ҳһͦ鷳׷һݣӴָȡһѽһȣն𣡡
û׷ߣһ˻ȥܵǰֱץסǰҪܴĽ
ֻﭡһ
ˣ


343 ŭ
ΧܵĶʮˣȫȻûдлع
ƾ̣ĵƣһʦ壻˿̣Ǳ
ϵʮ˲Żع
впƲסľ⡣
رǵĴʦ֣ǸӣӶ
ֻΪ̫ǿơ
еĽƷ
ȴһֻƣ۶ϡ
ƣټһȭʦսǲòήˣһ
ղŵĵ֮ɫȻʧ
۶Ͻˣɵɵڵ֪Ǻá
ģ㣡
ȳһȻһȭȭϴż֮
˲䣬ȭϮ
ۿ֮Ҫ˷֮ޣȭͷϵļ֮ȴ
ȻǱģǳջ˼֮
ΪϾãȥ̫ˡ
֮գȭͷȥƲ
һȭ֮ϡ
˵ţһһѪܵⶴ

˷Ĳҽ־嵽˼㡣
ʮˣһĻأȥΪͬű𣬶ǣ˳һ
ܣ
ϵҲһŭȴζ
ſԭղ˱ʦ壬ϻһˡ
һ뵽⣬ʮٴ˳һ
תȥζӴָóҩͣܵ۽ǣ鲻Խŵҩζ˵ܣɲ¶㻹ûѧÿأܣû¶ģкܶ൤ҩҲкܶܶ࡭
ϿˣϽۣѪֹսȭͷ籬㣬žžشҲ˷ŭ
ܡ
ֻг֣Ҳ˵ȥ
ܶԳ˵ͬһ㣬ĵΪѣԴӲʶ֮һ·ϣŴξΣʱ̣浽һһħ֮䣬һ
ڣȴصˣȥ
ϵķŭѾԸӵĵزܶųϣȴֿ죬ɵɵЦˡ
ܣôصˣ㻹Цó㿴˭𣿿ٽʮٱػȥ
ζĵĺǳ⣬ʹ˵ͷ
ϳĬ۾ȴܵϣжٵ˿ڡ
һߣ׷ʹˡն𡱽û֮ܽնǰ׷ʹȫֵ֮մȾ·Ѿ˻ң°ϵĺӣҲʧ
֮Ȼǲͬ졣
׷ٴ̧轣նԪ
һأ׷߲֮նȥ֮նȥ
ˢˢˢն£֮Ȼûȴ
⡰նԪ书ЧͺͽԪһܵԪ
ͬǣԪֻҪĳϣʹԪ⡰նԪȴʱԵؽܵԪҷΧҲС
ʹնԪİ׷ߣİ׷Ҫס
Ȼ⡰նԪǴУѹӵľУļ
ѹ׵ľУȴǱһȭ͸˳׷пɬѡ
֮𱻸ԪټϳϲûΪṩԪûмʩչˡ
ʱİ׷ߣϣȻǹġ
ʱһŲ԰׵ֱߺ첻ѣϽӴָҳһ·ϣŴеľƣĿ⣬ųϣţ˵˭Ϊôû˵أѵܵˣǸʦˣİˣʵɲİˣ
벻״𰸣׷ֿ˵ڵϵӣⲻس鶯һ£룺»ˣܵˣǽܲˣΰźã
׷߲ɺڣֻ֪ôˣ˭ȥ
ʱϽܴӴﱧȫµĽۣζպ˵ӣܷŹǡ
˵ţζعͷȥȺˣȻ󿴵ǱĽʽͼ΢΢һ䣬ûע⵽ֻ˵ܣһ㱨ġ
͵ͷָָˤĵط
ŭһԾУ׷ߺһϽԴʮֽ˳
ȻϲǳǶȥ
£𩱧˻У켴ߡ
𩣬ҲЦš
Ͻ£ҲϵĽ
֮󣬳ϷЩˣȫһˣһѽΪʵ˭ģ


344 ն
˭ģ
ŬȫǸűɫָȥȻֽǰǶܵĿţʲôƤȡʲô˿ߴĻ˵˳
ϻˣ˶ʱ׹˱ѣеĽģͣؾҲ
׷߿ϾȻ𩣬ΪûڣղôһУҪǽҪЮǣǽȫˣǿϧ
϶ӣĽ˳תʵѽ˭ģ
û˻ش͵ظо˳
Ĭǰɣܺã
˵ʣֵһٰʮһʮǾ͵óǧ˰ٶʮ⣬û˵ѽ˭ģǾÿٶٽÿ˵ƣܰٵ̣֮
仰һ˵вſˮȴĿӿȥ
Ե񣬳֪
ҲڲȥҲƵĺһ䣺Ҵ̵ģҪָ
Цˣûк˵Թ˵ʮ͵ǻʮҡ϶ű̽ˣһһ˵㣬Ҫǧ̶֮
㡭ң֪ʲô𣿡
ЦøˣԼʱ֮ǰ˵仰ڣЩˣΪ仰˭йϵǾӣҲӲġ
׷ǰʮ˸Ͻվڰ׷ߵĺ档
ûбҪ㣬ΪһУù
׷üûԳϴȣĵȵǵӣﻹǽնɵĵӣնɵô̰𣿿ǻ׷߶ӣر㣬ʦôͷվ
һȺ֮ɫȴҲվ˳ֻǽеĽյøˡ
ۿš
׷ŬĲˬ˵ѣ⡭ʵһᡣ
֪
׷ش𣬲һ㶣ֱģ˾˺˵
Ȼ׷ߵĹĻûд꣬˵ҽȫɱ⣬ȻҲһᡣ
׷üͷдϵѣǽնɵĳϣ֮£дȣʵǲ֪ܣ֮֪Ȼ档
֪֪Һθɣǰֻ֪ҵܵˣ㱻ɱֻ֪ҵֵܱǴɱһϢֻ֪Ҹղ˵ĻҪȫ֡
ѣ̫ˣ׷߻ûף˵˭˵ֵ˭˵ֻܵĻ̸ֱ½ϣ˭ħΪѣ˵Ǹոս״ʦСӣǾ͸ˣһһȭͽƵǰ㾳صˣһʦСн
̫ɱѣɱֵܣ˵̫ţֺȵ˵㣬
׷ȥӣһȴ˸գѾûˣ֮󣬺ݵҳֻһˣֻһ߻ʮһΪӮ
ԣ֪𣿡
һһǰϵɱԽԽŨ
׷߸ղ˵ĻǸ׳˳Լ׳˵ģƾһ֮֡𡱣ԽǸסˣģһΪˣô˼֮Ի츳жߣҼǵûһΪ˼ֻ֮Ѿʧܾˡ
ųԽԽ׷߰еͷ˵ˣǽնɵˣ
һ֮Уն֮Уնɵʵɲôһ㣬൱أԣ׷̧˳ϣɵ
նɣ
˿̣׷߲֮Զƣɱ⣬һٸߣʮˣˣȴǲˣ
ѵͲ½նɵı𣿡
˵أ
ʣ׷ߴ򲻶ˣɱѶٻظģҲͲٷϻ콣󣡾˳ǽնɵ
ǣ
ʮŸշλÿ˶ʮֵģΪϵǵ˿ųϣּ־飬ֻΪȴ˿ʱǰ˵Ļǲǻһһ
ǰһ׷߽ʮԶ
Ȼ󣬳ϴӴָȡؽڵأǰ

ؽ׷㡭ǡǸơɵƣ
ϲ㣬ˣһᾡȫǵġ
ô
սɣ
Ϻȳ֣ؽ


345 
׷ڳȡؽһ˲䣬Ժ͸ֳйصĴ˵֪ǰ˵ݣǸŮģ϶ɵĴС㣬֮Ůˡ
ϳ֮󣬰׷ȫǿЦЦнնɵȥѹ˼ңԭȴֻǵһС˼ɵĺĵӡ
ɣΪĵӣɾԿԺͽնɷնɾܳʧҲ൱ش
˵ɵ֮Ůڴ˴
׷߿ܣ˭ֻ֪ܾȻģ
ˣ˵ҲãѾٽ׷۾ӿϺȵסǽǸŮˣܵͨͨЮ
̬ʮŸҲ˲þ֮࣬㣬Χζ
ζӴָȡóϹעԪķҺ۸Ǿ԰
ɨʮһۣŰ׷һЦƾ㣬õס˵ǽնɵĽ£Ҿ̣
նԪ
׷ڿ˵ǽģֻܿȭͷʵԣһʹնԪУ
Уûã
ϴһӽֱһпѵصڶʽ
ôܣ
׷ɫʹԪôܻ
⾪֮Уؽն׷ߵҲãֱӽб˳ȥѸٵˣһһѪȵն
ʱѾ׷߶ıն÷飬Ű׷߿ѵضȥ
ն
£ײ׷ֱ߱ȥɫһƬ԰ףɳ
׷е𾪣һ¥ղʹġնֱ񣬻ǵľƣƺû˿Ӱ㡣
ŭ֣׷һն֮ûгû׷ɱȥȴҲûаֳͣתʮնȥ
ˣʹɫˣâһС롱ųϵŭй
ƿ˺ţæӦսдȣն
˵ˡնһ֣Ҳ˵ȥ
ΪѾеıɫնɵһߣֱֻۣѾûѪ⣬ֻʣ¹ͷ
˿һĻģгȴ㶴ԭǰʵ
˵žžŰʮһǧУúԶ
ͬʱ׷߸պ䵽ϣʹ롱ĳϣ˿ɻ󣬡ôһУ似ƺǡ
׷߻
ϼŰȥǲҪնܵ˫˫𣿡
һ˵˫˫Ҳˡ롱Ĵ
ǲҪܵƤ𣿡
һҽлصֻϣһƬȺ죬ѪܵģҲҲһƤĴڡ
ǲҪȡܵĵ𣿡
һ˵˳ϵĽ£ǰڣȫ˳ôôĺˣ
ǲҪҿߴ𣿡
У߿ڷɣֱۣ˫ţͷ­
תۼ䣬˱ܵش˵ģòûģҲԶ
ֻʮĸˡ
Ǵ󲿷ֵˣֱսֱ۷ǽնɵӣ˵Ǿ潣мңɿһеġ롱ľˡ
ȻǴ󲿷ˣϾһСˣûС
ӣڿ״µͬʱҲˣ֪ҪԼ䵽϶ˣƴζȥҪЮסζ
Ҳڳɱ֮ζ֮ң˲
ûзȥȣȴζԥؽƷķӣûӷӦ޴ıըȻ
ھȣ˵Ҳãôˡ
Ȼֻǿʼ
һһעԪķζ˳ըһһϢ
ը֮ζѾʮ֮ԶףҲǱ
ΧζˣҲɽŲֹ֪ͣǸ˻Ǹý
ϱ𣬡˵ģǷĽƽ̯˰ɣ
˵ţؽٴηŭ
һأʹҷնڶʽˣڳ֮£ϱٶʮĵˣÿһغϡ
״òС롱似˵й֮޲
󣬰׷վ̷˵ҩ΢ָһ£ϱѽ
ڿգ˳ϵͷ
һȣն


346 ˭ң˭
ɫ㡢ζ
ն
һ׷ʩչϱ·ʲôоҲûŲѪζζӰɱеؽ֪ǲ
Ϸ·Ƭ֮⣬ͻָо˴

׷˵ʣʮˣζϹȥζ֪ʲôʣʱӵ״ܲԾ
û˿ԥζϳȥеķɿӣͼסǡ
ζΪȷӰ죬һ˸Ͻ˵ʦãסˣУ
ԶǱѵӣûг¶ЦݣǾɣġߣ
һֻʧУڳϱ󣬺ݺݵز˽ȥ
Ϻ޷Ӧûһо
˵ĹƣҲɱζѣһӡֱӳ֮󣬻뽣УľԪںϣǵʦæҲʱһն¡
ꡱһʦõֱ۱նŭһȻһʦˣ켴ƴȥ㿳һֻ֣Ҿͻῳֻ֡
׷еĽڻ費ͣ˿ֻͣͣҪһͣͣն״̬ûˣһˣʹն˰æֱ֣ǣ֮ǰն׷˿裬ԣûгǾȫά޵״̬
ֻڳϵϣûһ˵ɫ˾Уʹȫڱϣǿ϶ǴһԴԹĽ֣Ȼǰˣǽ̽ȥһ֣Ҳ̲ȥеˣƤⶼδ͸
ʹġġߡҲ֡
˾֣⻹ֱǷҪӲ
ϣһƬ֮Уоؽ˿˿ϵóϵ΢΢ԼѪڵľһҹҹˮ̶¡ڴ¡ھʯеѪ𱻻𿾳ĳŵĸԣĵ
Ȼ˹ѹǿŲһɾ׵ķŭ񣺡Ҫҵأ񷣬˭ҲңҪ׵ζ˭ҲֹһҪŵζҪоǵӵҪ˭Ŀ˭Ҷ˭ҪƻһУ˭
أϵָһȻ̧֡
ɫǲ԰Ѫ֪־˼ǿѪѽѽø죬ֻǣ֣ӣڲȻܼնȥ׷ţ㣬ţ࣬ͷ­
ϵ֣Ȼڼߣ
ζûΪһǰ棬ζϣٴμˣȻ϶࣬ϾֻǴʦΪ佫һ֮Ѿˣƴˡ
նɵĵӣҲǻ˳ֱϵĵͷ­Ҫλö
ӡ
ζоԼģһ˲䣬Ϳˡ
Ҫնʱ򣬳˭Ҽ˭Ҫ
ţһȦնɵǵĶɱϮһأǵĽȴǴ̲ȥֺ˳ȥ
˾֡
׷߻ƴ̧ͷۿؽһһȵѵأʽ
һȳΧ˿磬նɵЩΪĵӣǳܲסȥ
׾ʲôȻ
׷߾̾ţӵĲʮֹʹնķɿ϶ܴ󣬵ֻʹ⻹ûȫյʽ
ǣȻûãȻûдﵽĿꡣ
Ϸƴˡ
׷ҲˣִӴָһи߱׷նߡ
Ÿ˵֣׷ԸϣѪˡ
ɫ԰ףҵע׷ߺƵأζһ˲䣬õǶ࣬뵽ƿ϶Ƿ뵽ץζͿܱƣôڽϣնɵ͸ǰ
Уٴ³Ѫİ׷ߣ촽أ³һ֣飡
һϵĿѵصʽȻն£


347 ֻҪǵ
׷ʹնѾδ˿̣ƴҪʹն飬㡣
ңϵĿѵصʽȻն
ֻɲǼ䣬ǸҪ߰ѽ㱻ؽնĴȥмѽȻѡ
ϽɽѣҲʹն
׷ٴش۰ӣն£׷ʹֱҪԹȥȴǿһסֻǣӺݺڵϣֱҳһӡ
ûгɱϣΪУѾ֪̽Ǹӣ͵ζɱȥ
˶ڿ־ǵʦ屻ɵʱȴζĽҪøһ㣬ܻХζȻͷ
Ӽٰ¶ӰһֱζĲץȥ
Ӱζ
ӵӰʧֳ֣ζĲӣа֮ʱһֻƾð˳ǡӵؿڡ
ûжķӦֱѪ
ӡ
ζڵġ
ˡ
ϻͷһЦ˵ϣ˺ۣŸˡ
˵ţȴҲϵĻЦˡ
תۼ䷭̣˶֪ΰ죬ϰγӴ̽˺󱳵Ķ̽һѪ
˿̣ӵӣպڵϡ
ϽϵĽǰϵĶ̽һԶȥȥƼ죬ӲδӹܴɵʧлعŽ⣬лм˿ɫ⺷ش̽Ѫ֮
һֱƣûض˵ϣ
һ̸ֱԴԹ͸λãǡǰ̳ϵǸλã
ѪѣҪƴӵϰγһȫʹѣֱоһɻյʶģ
ʹģҲãƫƫڻŰޱȵĽԪƻѪ⣬ģʶ̵ѣѵظоǾҵʹ
϶סʮˣ۾ɨ˭˭ȫ
ǣ
ƣɵģҡǽնɵġҲǡصġ
˽Ͱ͵˵ţһתؽ֣һҷնڶʽֱ棬ԱߵǰȣֻԼԡ
ս
ֻһϢʱ䡣
ϳֽ֮ʱ˵ǳصˣϲѪܵ˿ڣޱȵ
پһǿҪſϷŹǣ
ǧжǾܻһ
ʮ˵һղЩˣֻһལѣͳ⸱ãܵ³ҪǱնһǧ㲻Ҳ
ǿܶԪʯҪʲôǶԸ㣬ֻҪһ˵ԽԽȴԽԽûеףնŵӣϵ۾ǿ־壬־ȴڴʲôǶӦֻ뱣ǾԺ˵
ǵԴǵʲôҪ
ϻصǰȥ
նڵӲˣ˼òУͷﻹδóʦ壬һҧһģƣҪϾɱɣ
˲ңҲˣ˷ңٱ֮
Ҿ͸ƴˣҲҪһ𣡡˵ҲмѪԣ֪ѲԸͬʦֵܵҪɶ˻
һǴˣ߰˸ϺȻɱʣˣбǸζֱ۵ʦãȴתӡ
ʦãǡ
ǵʦ㿴һĻֱѪʦûصʦ㣬Ҽȥȱǣ
⻰ϲЦ
Ǹɶ˻˺ȵʦãùǣˣǾͬھ
˵꣬ڽҲǻһֱ̳ϣۿҪгϣϻûж־شȣȥɣԱ
Ȼ仰£ȴûбը
ûҵ˭Ա˭Ա
˿ȥֱֻۣ̽ץϣڵԪԴԴϵϵӿȥ
˵Ŀ־壬ʱѵԸӵĵز
Ǹʦ˵ô˻ᣬλ
߱Ȼű
·һɰʤʿ棡
Ҳʱ¡ıըͻȴζӳ˶ϱ۵ʦˣʦ÷ŭѣȴȥζ鷳һܵʦܣȥ
ߣ߱Ѳһףһ˲䣬Ҫٴδ̽ϵ壬пܣ˻ặȻԱ
ǸЦ֣Ѫ֮ƣ߱ץȥ


348 
һ˫ѪƣΧȦһһתƸ꣡
űǶĴ죬߱ԱУһ߱ʹԭ˵䣬Ͻɻ
𾪴۾ӡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫԪҪԱ
۾һУץס֣߱һӣ߱תԭ˴ȥ
ٶȾͿޱȣټϾʵںܽҪԱģδﵽٽ㣬ǽ⣬ֱֱ̽ǵĵﴦ
ҲǣմǵĵȻԱҲܣ˱ҵȥ
Զ׷ߴ˳պÿһ֣ױȣԼˣƲһ֮ɱĴǾɱʮôɫҲò԰ףԪ֧
ţ׷ߵ۾ɱɱҽնɶʮӣһУʹҲǵһ·ɣԱܣԱ˭裿ֻҪôƭ
һУɲǼ䡣
ߣϿס֮˵ԪѾһɶˣϾħһ㣬㡭㾹Ȼܡ
û˵ȫϱ㽫˳ȥֱײǱܵееӡ
κ͵֮£δܳ׿⡣
еƿдţΪǷζϽҪ򣬼ӡ
𣬳ӳΰײϣ޴ֱײøطǰ·סĴҲһײãòײͣ
ֻǣȫĹͷѾײɢˣ̱ڵϣôҲ
Ǹϱ۵ʦãǰܣͣ½Ųųѣʵʦóû治˵ζóȥҲŮһġ
ζǻװģͨýʦüǱһֱۣܾ£ϻѪҲҪζǿôһ㡣
ԣʦԽԽʦھ˵㲻ɱң
ʲôҲɱ㣿
ΪΪŮˣ
ʦ˵һǿɣϹЦŮ˾Ȩܱɱ𣿡

ջЦȵõʲô
ǡǡ
ʦ˵˰죬ȴ˵
Уõɱѽĵһ𣬾Ӧ뵽һ죬ǻᱻɱģϴûɣɶ˵ԣŮֻ֪Ľܵϣ¹˿ڣ㻹Ҫζ֣ˣΪһ㡭
ʦÿܼ˵˼䣬Щɣ㷢ǿסŵ¶Ц˵Ů˿ɱŮأŮӦȨһһ·УҪҵӡ
˵ú¶ǣڳΪջ˵̬˵ţȻҶһֱۣǣҩһֱۣҲȫпܵ飻ңֻһֱۣҲٱǸŮˣÿٰɡ
ζ⣬ɡꡱЦЩˣǰŮѵ˷費ɣҪ𣬻ҪзŮֳŮͿԲʲô
Ц˵㲻һߺöѣûжܳûжζ֣ǿһǣĽϣմǵѪԣɣҲֻл𡣡
ҶӦ㡭ʦûˣȴȡţһѽԼǰ·˺¶ѩ׵ļ˵ʥŮ塭
ֻǣϵĽնȥ
ʦüԼɫãӻңȴҾطתӡ
ؽ֮ϣż֮ؽ֮λòɲɵŮˣ˻ҽ
󣬳ϿһۣתȥζЦʵӣһŮأýɱˣ
û
ζ⻰̵ģ켴뵽һ⣬æʵӣ˼˵ҪǱͲɱˣ
ǰҪأǱضҪġ
⻹ࡣζȴͻָһͷҪǴӵǸǸϹŮҪɱңӻ𣿡
Ȼζ֪Ĵ𰸣ȴûʳǷϣԶôһ죬ϣӣһ·ȥǰжôΣա
һȺУһŵȥ
Ψһŵģǰߡ
߽岽֮Զʱ͵۾


349 أ
׷һ뽫ųһˣʩչն顢ննʩչҲûô
ôʱȻڿϧϧǰնסЩȴûֻܽһЩ˺ۡ
ʵ׷ĺ֪ʹն顱ɲնȵơ
׷ûлˣֻƭýǰһȥֻ˰죬Ҳûһð취
ԣ׷߿Զߵǰ֮ʱǹ˷ԱţСӻ֪ԱǿԪҪȻôߵô
׷Цˣƣȷţ죬עҪ䣬һͷӵܹ䣬ˣ
ƾ㣬
𣿡
Ȼǡϱ鵭׼ѾǧȥȡԪˣϵԼ
⻰׷ߵһ켴ֹң
⡭
òƳɣȴͻץס˽Ԫǰһӣ׷߸档
׷߱ԪסʹһԪֵΪס̫ˣҪԱѾҪԪǡ
Ȼ㲻ס
仰ϵӰѾǰһо뻪մϱߣʵ似ֱ̰׷ߵĵͳǿԪˡ
ֽպˣ˵أס𣿡
׷߲ŵؿǰһУųϣֵͷǿտҲĵŴ죬㡭㡭㡭
˵˼㡱֣׷˵źȻأˡ
׷۾Ǵ״׵ģĿΪЩΪƸ֪Աʽԣ޿֣ϧ
նɵ棬һЩûó׵ģӣҲһ㷴ľʵ䲻СѾһٶֻ꣬פʵҲţȻҲǽնɵӵĴʦ֣Ҳһٶʱڣ׵߽
Ȼӵˣһ죬ȫת䣬ȴģ
ûæŴɨս߻ܵǰʵܣ㻹𣿡
𡣡ֱͷѡ
ָ˵ͽˡ
ܱ͵ͷӴ̤ȥӴʱ᲻ֻܵһֻŭĴţϣһһš
ֱȵûʶ󣬱ܲȳ
ŽǵĴָȫռڳ϶ԪʯѾû˸оźڵٴɣö׼һ㡣
ˣϴɨսܸɾһƷԪʯŹлûлٻĽҲռʱ֮ʱٽ任Ԫʯ
ؿǰ׷ߵĴָЩϼһǣرǽնִɣıࡣ
Ȼϲ׷ߵĴָһƷԪʯ֮֮࣬̽£飻ϵעûзԪʯϣһûа׷ǰʩչĽʲôնն֮࣬϶ЩȤ
򲻸ˣһѼ֮󣬳Ǳ似˲ٵĽնص߽
նʶ⽣նɵĶȻ˼նܲնܲն־ܲܡ̧ͷ죬ն죿
ĪӿͷϲԳһЦ켴ʩչ֮𣬽Χһжճ˻ҽѪζһͬյˡ
׼ζٴθ·ʱȴζɫЩ죬ʵζôˣ
ӣҹơҪͻˣҲ֪òѹȥ
ΪʲôҪѹȥ
ղҺ˲Ԫ
ڣζͻƾǣЦûϵƣϽζϥ£˵ζԼ
ζһЦ˵ӣ㣡
дһߣζľû˹˼ɣͻƣ濴һģڵģȴһûоζͻƾ󲿷ҪζԼ
ܿ죬ζ㵽˹ؼʱ̣Ϻελ䣬ζɫҲʹޱȣϿţҪǿûġ
ζѸоʹޱȣҪ֧ŲȥȻԺȴʼոųϵӰһͷҪĽŲ
ԣζ̹һһʹ
ʱζͻһΪ̵ĸоζɬؼʱ̣Ԫûˡ
ɬ䣬ֻůƣϡ


350 ǧ˿
ҹˣһŻҫ
ΧŻһޣ𩶼ˣָԪζһһƷԪʯŸոսĳ佫磬ڳԴԴϵԪṩ£ζһٳǲݣ˳佫ľ硣
˶̵ʱٴͻƣ˵ɣǷһڣҲˣֻڳߣȴʲôˡ
Ҳһ飬ζͻƣһԪͻƣǻԪľԪһͬͻˡ
ϾɽͻʱֻǽԪõͻƣԪûȻôһʱĴԪԪҲͻƵıԵܾЩ죬ǰͷǽɫǲǴŽ֮壿ڹͷ֮ĺɫת䣬ǻ֮Ժ᲻ỹ֮壬ˮ֮壿
Щʶ޷ֻܿԼȥ̽׷ߵǱһظóȴͻءסһ
ϷִָĽһ˿ڣһϸõǸˮԪϢ˿һģһ
ıնɶ˳һộôɻ᲻һأж˵õϢж׵ȥˣֲʲô֣ţҲ֪Īںδܷϵù
ڳϿţζȶʱ֮⣬һòӢӣϥѪȻʹ˼£ҧţԣһƴ
֮Ӣϵʹ֮ɫȫתϲã͵һǰ̶ˮϴϵѪϴűתˣתѪ֮һҪתȻֻǸ߽״ʦΪƾŽϵԪƾšǬתǶн佫Ҳһƴ֮һʱ䣬нʦ߽״ʦԱ˵ǹˣǶ˵⻹ԶԶҪ
þöûдϢˣʲôأֻҲɣмµʱ䣬ܵһڣʱһˡ
Ӣӣ˾ͽ
˾ͽ뵽磬ŴЩ飬ӿһˮ̶ٴοʼ
ͬƴģг壬ڴ󺣵ݸһöҩ˵ҸƳģԻָǿĳа
лл
ڴһЦǻõ˵лѿн״ʦˣٶѾܿˡ
˵ڴת˵Ȼܺȡ
ҲЦˣ֪ôġ
ȽϾˡ
ֻƾǶš
ڴһߣǲţء˵ڴĳ򣬡ˣҲȥˣ佫һأһ߼
Խ֮أһߴӰһһľʯȭ䣬ü翿ײֽһ׿ľʯײ˵ʦ峤˵ˣڱгɣʦ˵꣬תʯƴ
ڴһӪһϽ߶ϵֽֽϵǷӣ̫ˣҶ𣿿ҶӾϣã϶ϲô
˼ãϷһ˿ϣ벻ǣܵȥ̽һĺڲ̽Ķǲһ顣
֮ˣǳ塣
ؼլһ׺ߣµأŻȫۣţؼλȻʣӻؼңһؼһȹΣ𣡡
Ϲܿ·һڵ£ӵһ̫ϳϵ֮¶ɫĿ⣬ֱϹܿ
֪ΪΣϹܿͻӿ𲻺õĸоܲá
һڵ飬ûһ˿չ׹ŵҪ˳ϣһˣһһǵѰңǵĵһĿ꣬޿桭
ң˵Ϊڱչأǻϵ
ңԶĴɵʥڣһϲ񣬡Ҳˣ㲻ҵħֻһˣӴ֮û˽ֹҵͻƣҪһ֮ڣͻƵʦȻ佫
ˣǰȼŵģ֮
һŮڿչƴŽҪﱨҪ׼Ҵ˱ʱҲ𣬡ϸ磬һ죬ץһֻߵģ𣿡
ǧ˿ƣŻٵϵȴֻ֪׼ţζȶΪָܻҪð׷ߵԪˣɡаٱ䡷һ㣡


351 
ٴ·ʱѾָ߰˰ˣζΪѾȶڳ佫֮𩣬ȴ֮С
뿪Ǿ˼ǵģһǵΪս֮УͰﲻκæϺȻϺȣټ֮ڳǵıӻ֮£ĻҲ٣ԣ뿪뿪ȥһԼ·ȥһƴɱĥǿˣٻصһ
Ϻͬʱϵòһδ󺺣˭ܽǰǸӢϵȻǡаٱ䡷Ĺͣð׷ߵԪɵһ󣬳߾ͱߣ־ͱ֣ҲóϵĹͷѪӦ˱̬Ĵڰٱ֮ʱʹϲӦ
ȻΪ֮ˣϢģܸϢֱ
ζףٻװһܽˣûС
һأûܷ룬һߣԽǰߣϱ㿴Խ࣬Ҹ߽ģƶǵ׵ΪˮԪȥ
ǰһĻĻ˳ڰԨʱĻ棬ֻ˿ͣǰЩˣ佫֮ߵ˲ˣǰΪ͵߶
ζֱֻܵϣ˿Ľͬʱǵﻹ̰ҪܼϵǣǸжãȻҲֻѣ˭ֻôĵӣȥһֻ߽ܣˣ
ʶȤȻ˲ʶȤи߽ߣֻΪԼѣҪǵ⣬ĽֶΣˣ
ɱӺ֮󣬻ĻˣģǰȥǣǣϺȻɱϢִ˳ȥرܵϢ
һڵõϢĺ̶㱨Σʱ̣һֻȣȷܱϵζ
֪ΪʲôһȻûнܵϢ¶һѾˡ
Ͼһ𣬾ͿǹЩʵЩΣգԽǰ߾ԽΣգϲٴη£ԲŶ˾ģʵҲȫǲõģҲкõģٿĪ׼ȷ֪ķλһˡ
쵽򽣳ʱϻǸһ֮Ͼǣĺ䶯鷳Բ٣˻δ߽򽣳ǣϱоȻգʮֵĽţſŵģҲǳʿȴǴнʽͼĽնɵӣΪҲǲͣŵĶн佫
۾ֱ򽣳ǵ䣬ǰЩӴɱһȺйأζҲչ˵ӣ϶ڽնɡ
ζ˵òڳȡ׷Ԫ˵һ̣նƾͱˣնɸ߲ŭµٶȸȥ򽣳ǣ򽣳ǣԱѰһЩ˿Ű׷ߵ·߲̽һ䣬һС飻һ·̽ĸˣǽնɵĶϣһн
ſڵնɵӣһһʵǰʲô
Щ˲ǿߣϵĽնɱ־Ȼﲻʹ죬ȴӲشˣϹ۲쵽Щ֮УֻҪ˵ǴӰ׷Ǹ·߹ģһնŵӣ̧ͷʹһƺڼĳòһˣǺš
˼׽նΪʲôҪǸǳǳЦ⣬ǰ档
ųˣҲû˵Ǵģֱ棬Ŀ֮ζЯֽ򽣳ǡ
նôһͲŭԹζɵʵһЦſϷ֪ˡ
ȥĵطǷС
˹ִ˲ƣռһЩͼ֮⣬ջ񣬶ңҲû̽й޿ϢЩʧһ䵥ĳǿǲңҪġаٱ䡷ڶ㣬ȴüޡ
ԼڵԪԶԶǳϵõ޿ԪˣҲϻһöΪԽԽǿˡ
ûд򽣳ҹɽ֮ʱ˱ȥۿҪ߳ţȴͻһЦˡ
ϿһϤס
ףȻ޿档
޿ĸо൱񣬾ڳϸսĿʱ޿͸Ӧˣһͷһۣʶϣһ̽Ϣ޿ɫͱˡ
ȴǲ壬Цȥ޿˵СӣеңȻӣ
ҪҵǾ͸ɡЦŻص
ߣбŨ


352 
ʱ޿Ѿ֪Ǹ׵ˮԪϢϾһõϢǱȽ׵ġ
˵޿治ٴӳϵĿеõϢԳϵԹޣǿһû٣ЩȥŨδˣȴһôʵһҪѩޣѩܣ
˵Сӵϣ޿ʼԪʯһ࣬ǿһʲƸɢߵ˵ǾǷǳҪ
ԣǾƵĻҪҵǾ͸ɡ
޿ԥתϣ¶ɱ˰ı顣
տʼ޿滹յţΪܸϳϣɵ޿ȴòһһε٣ȴȻǸӰһξ롣
ϻһˣ޿֮ɫȴҧųݣںţҾͲˣٶȱȲ㡣죬ǵҪ֪
˵ţ޿Ҳûзڿ׷ȥֻڵʹظϡ
ϵǣŵģȫЦ⣬ǣζ֣ٻӰӰƮ裬ȴǳҲʹʮ
ڣ򽣳Ѿкһξ룬Ҳһ֮أ޿ʧȥеģһӷڿУڳǰСӣ㻹ܣ
һɲ˱㶨ͣ޿ǰԶЦ˵Ϊ㲻÷ڿһأһǸ߹ˡ
޿ֱЩԾĪ뵽ǸĲ״켴أԵҡҡͷɹľǰװɵСйأ־ʵǲܣҲŪǰ㶯Сôأ
Ǹ߹ǵ͹죬ֻҪȡı޿Ц˵ţ۾ζŮˣҲ桭

ζǳâ
ڣֻӶѣôŪǣôŪǣǻɣ޿ʮֵ˵ԱҲ㵽ס
ҪԱأҪԱҲң㣡ȻҲԱġ
˵ӼܣʹǿĹԪأǻ𣬺ȻǼ֮
϶֣޿ЦţԿСݵӦԣﻹ˵šԲĸ֡
Ȼ޿оǹɺƴѹΧƿЦݱϡ
ţ֮ҫ޿ʱɫ䡣
ȻǼ֮ôܣ޿˵ʱϱյûʹѵĳһ뵽յһƬҽ
һ֮䣬ϵĹǿϮ
޿п˼˲㽫ʮ㣬ûжĽֻܸңɿգҲˡ
޿мңֻǵʱ̳ԵĵرûиٱֻˣȻΪѴ֮ǻǼֻ޿ôĴ⼫ޱȵؾ⣬֮ơ
ټϣ޿ǳΪ
Щ޿ѡսĸԭ򣬡֮Ϊٿؼ֮Ԫʩչã
ˣ޿ѡķдųϵԪľأ
緢ûγܻ棬Ǳ޿һĻ˿ߣЩ˿߽ᣬ飬ȴܣҲһһ
һУ˵ʵֻһգ۵Ĺ
СӣͻƼ㣡
ϵȭͷײϣصһҪסϵȭͷһ߻Ҫϵȭͷס
ǣܣȫ׷ˡ
Ϊڳϵȭͷǰ⼫𹹳ɵˣʧˡ
֮䣬һˣڶҲˣǵ㣬ھŲ㡭
ֻȭͷһ·ȥƲɵֱнȫײƵơ
޿ɫٱ䣬˾ҲٻУֻƴȥܲܵסȭͷ
ݵ޿ȥɲ㴵ġ
ƣ
ֳڣһƬֵ״Ԫȫȥ
ϵȭͷִ޿ؿڡ
֮е޿棬Ѫ˫֣Դѹȥ
ǣƴľ档


353 ¹
һȭ޿ؿڣ޿һƴҲҪ򱬳Դļʽֻȭͷ۳Ρ
һȭ׼޿ĵȥ޿Ͳд󣬿϶ƴȫȥֵϵĹ޿ϣЦݣȫȻûиղؽϸ˵Ϊ޿ţˣԴϡãֵˣ벻СӣȻܰұƵһ
Ϣ֮䣬žĻȭ޿ţ
һǣ޿ֻҲݺݼѹһ޿ϱܲˣĻϲ۾ػ֮Уȴһ
һĨ⣬ڻԪָ
ֻ֣㱻뿪Ҳ£á
ʲôķ
޿һ𾪣ϵõһֻΪСӣȻеֵסƴһķ
޿벻ףȴڵһʱ䣬ֻ۳׶״ҪƻԪָķ
ֻǣ뷨ǷģʵȴǹǸе˼¡
ϺݺһȭУ޿Ԫ͵סĻ׶δȥ޿ѾѪߵķһ㣬Ʈ
ϲûоʹס֣վԭ޿Ǳ״Ҫȣ˿ǳҪõĴʱԣ׷޿ֻѪķݣٶȥУؽС
ˣ
޿ӣײһľ֮ͣڵϣʱֵɫ𾪣ǿ־塣
־ǹɾ޴־糱ˮ㾪İһһײǼ֮ڵļ֮ڼ֮Ű֮£Ȼûˡ
һ˵ƷףƷ׵͵ȻǵвƷ׸ߵģҲ֣ܳƷ׵͵ıƷ׸ߵĸû˰
ͺñȶͬͬΪôûأ
ң޿滹һɸооļǸûˣǱ֮ˣǿʳħ޽磬ǾҪãʨҪǰ㡣
ɸо֡
ħ޽ܺ⣬ôҲأ
ǣ޿ȷȷʵʵָо
ûüȥ̽о޿ֿϵľٽն£
޿濴ؽؽҫŵɫâҲһ˿ϷŪˣǱˣǴ÷зǱǱߣ
޿Ȼɢߣ߽֪飬Ȼªţ
ȣԵľȡ
֮⣬޿Ǹо˳ϸһϢսƣͷ
Ͼٽն£ʹǿѵصڶʽ
޿ףһն£ɣһпܾǰ˵ԱԱã
˵޿浥һˣնɵλ׷ߣҪԱԷһȥ޿治ȥš
ǣһɱ֮£ԸȴϸƣᱻĽնķѣʧӰ٣
Ҫ벻ڱҪóУܹóֹסؽľС
ûжʱϸ룬޿һҧһݣ켴˫ϥ
޿ֶһ˿ɻ󣬵еؽȴûа䶨˼ȻЮ֮Ҫննննն

˫ϥ޿棬͵عڵϣô죬ôݣô
ϣֱӱ޿󶴣
óȻһ¹򣬷۱Ƿ½ⶼǲܵ飬֮£
һѾվڸɽ֮ĳ˵һֳ裬Ī裡
ɣʱ˿̣ȴôʵطǰ
ң޿Ҳûио˼Ҫֻǻȥ
ԣ޿治ȥҪɱңԸΪΪˣԸⷢѪģԺһΪ׼£ʲôҾʲô
һ䣬޿濴ģȻɱأԷûһֵ˼޿ٴκ˵ȫģֻҪҲʲôУ
һ仰֮󣬳ԭŵüͷͻȻչȥؽעԪ˵УܵķɾԺأɳȴûһӰ죬ٴӱϿ
һĻ޿оȣٸһ¥
ȻԪǣؽȴûгȥǼն£Ϊ޿ʹǹƣȥԪٺȻ
޿Ǹò۾ͷųĿ⣬Щ޿档
ؽǼ޿ĲϣһѪۡ
޿һ
˵Ѫģ㣡


354 
Ѫģ㣡
˵仰޿üͷһʱ֮䣬벻ôóŵİ취۾ɱæ˵ҾĵģѪĲһԷģģ
ˣֻˡ
޿ղ˵ĻģҪΪڸоٵһǣڻǣԺǲǣǾ˭Ҳ
ҲΪԺ󣬲Ҫ޿óһģŵɣ򣬿϶Ҫնɱ޿棬ϿɲŻɽԼһǿУϾ޿һһ佫ʦ֮ϣ佫ʦҲҪնݳ
Ȼ˭֪ʦ᲻ʲôӶԼĪ鷳
ʦˣͲˡ
ûǡɣ
ؽٽֺҳѾ׼ͽԪֻҪ޿һ쳣Ԫ㽫ֱ֣ĵ
޿浹Ҳûûѣ֪Ϊʲô޿ûеףܾĪвԣڽʾ֭Ű취
ؽҪ֮ʱ޿ͻһȣа취ˣ
˵
һطֻҪɣȡһξѪҵҾǻ֮Ҳɣ
۾һУ޿˵ⷬΪ˲ҪҪΪˣ˵дط
ҾԲƭ㣬ط
޿Ǹɴֱ࣬ӽгˡָ֣죬˵
طأ
ططط
޿һ֣û˵ó
ʱ𣿡
ԣ޿æ͵ûУûУͲңҲ˵ġ
޿Գˡ͡
˭
࣡
Ŀһ䣬Ҫһ䣬˵һ𣿡
޿͵һ飬ϽҲһһżȻĻᣬ˵ĳżУõһطܹƱ˵ǣǳƽȻͬôͬ;Ͳ֪ˡ
ֶΣûжط˼ûԼ
޿һ죬ȴƨʮ˵Ȼţһ۾Ϳ͵뷨
⻰ֱһֿЦõĸо޿ǲǾˣô˵ҲһгԳͣҲˡ
û뵽Ȼƨģ
ʱ޿֪޿ĺЦ滢á֮ĸݣѾԶԶˣ˿޿ʱӣ˵ĻƲ׸ΪҲŵýȥ
޿ȴ֪˵ʱ͵ȷôһ뷨ǣȴһˣ߻짣÷ģ÷ͬҲǳ֦ͬӰ룻ԭҲһɢߣһһʣøУΪãΪ磬Ϊã÷ܣϳΪ꺮ѡ֮ס꺮ɽׯҲɢر˵˻ִһ׺ϻ似нҲ˿ռ·磻Ǹ߽ҲܵһԣȻǸģȴûǸȻ֣ˡ
֣ңǻʶ𣿡
޿治һֵͣ;ͻţ˿̱㽻
һЦǽ
͡͡޿˼ΣӲȥƴˡ
˵ţ޿涢ųϣųϵͬ⡣
һ˼˼ƽϣɫٴαޱȣɫ仯޿һ飬³ֺ
ֻ˵㲻
Ͳ룬Ըһ
ֱӽһ仰ԣðң
͡
㻹˵ǰ㻰Ҫζ
͸һҲˣ
һΣ
ǣԭһΣԸ꺮ɽׯȻ͵ԸͶĹ£
һֻۣԶһֱֻۣͽ䣡
˵仰Įޱȣ˿飻ڵϵ޿棬ųϣԥš


355 ƽ
Զһֱֻۣһֻۣ
޿ԥţ֪Ƕǰ˵ǷǰΪĳͷӦǽ֣϶
ֻһʱ䣬޿ûһֱֻۣûһֻ۾ϻǺЩⲻȥϾĿһôã־涼ֵ³ֵԼ޿Կ
Ȼ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ
ϵ䵭޿ȴζٲӣ˫ֱָԼۣ൱
ۣ
һѪ޿۾ʹ˻ȥ
۾൱Ĳλ޿ĳΪǹʹҲֱӽûˣ޿ûнг
޿治ţл۳һѻ𵶣ֱնۡ
飡
һ죬˵ϡ
޿ҧ˵ڿɷ⣿
Ѫħģ
޿ʹţȴһΪǱˣָ˵޿棬̳磬ӽԺ󣬷ΪΪͣа㷴֮ģΪˣ򽣴ģ׺𣡡
ס
ϵ⣬Ҫɱ޿棬ȻȡԪˣΪɡаٱ䡷ڶ׼ǵ޿˵ǷıԼĹ۵㣬ﻹӿһ⡣
ȻǰҲ˵ҪΪⷬЩ˵ΪߣϷѴշҲ΢նɱڰ׹Ǻɽʮǲͬǳ벥»֡
޿ǿɲһˣȫסĺôȵõһԪˣʮֹΣ޿Ҳһܵĺð֣оǣЩ鲻Լ棬Ϳ޿쵽ˡ
оǸҪ⣬ҪԸһڣһһ
ȻҪôһˣҲô׵ģһСģŪþͻң뻢ڣԼ鷳ǱɱĽ֡
ԣҪΪζҪסԼֱۣԼ۾޿淢ġ
ЩֶΣǳûеõǱ졶֮ǰȫ취ֻҪһõɣȥ׵ȡˮԪֶ˼ϣ
ɡϵ˵
л
޿΢΢վϺ鲻٣Сģӳŵҩ£ȻָһԪƼˣ
޿Ψһֻ֣סҩƷҩ¶ЦݣƷҩģɵĵ˵˵һ佫Ƕһʲô¶佫佫һ
Ƕ޿˵Ʒҩˣرǰ⼸ŵҩƣµҩûʱ䣬ǻѪֱۺ۾ֹסˡ
ûȥܵϢԪ޿棬ߵζߣ˽£һ仯ζȻֳ֧ϣġ
ĿǰϵʱܽҪϵ׵ΪȡˮԪƴһѣ֮Ҫʮ𼱸ϵһڣμӱԵΣҪȴҪһ̽һʵ
Ȼ󣬳ҪҪаٱ䡷ڶɣܹΪԺսУռĺôСӡ
Ҫɵڶ㣬Ҫ㹻ԪһųԪԪвֿܹ֧سµͨûҪѰҲؿɼģҪ޿Ǿ͸ˣ˭м֣
һȫӦԣнס߽׵ϵİվʹʮּٵˡ
ЩҲǴٳɳҪס޿ԭ
Ϊ˾Եؿ޿棬һ£Ҫȥ꺮ɽׯȡϵȻȥǺûʲô𣻵޿½׵ļ֮𣬺úһãˣҲǺпܵġ
Ȼ޿һֱֻۣһֻ۾ʵ棬ʧ̫
ʱ䣬޿ָòˣߵǰ˵
ʱʱ䣬ѾɱǵϢȥ
ͻأĻ޿Щɣֻϼ˵㣬ʱ֮ûл
˵͵ض޿棬𣿡
ף
޿ûаԥ֮ɿնȥ
޿ΪȻΪնɱնɵɴ˴Σգ޿һǵĻ棬ô˿϶ΪΪߣضϱԸնɽĿ⣬ϵĸںܳһʱˡ
޿Ӱʧ֮ζʵӣ𣿡
һЦһˣȻģȻܻԼĿģ˵ʲô꺮ɽׯʲôҲп޿ı
㻹
һѰɣΪܶʱȥֻ취Լʵˡ
ζͷ׳⣬аٱ䡷һ㣬Ρٱ䣬һ׳Ӻζģһ죬֪ʲôʱɵһ㡣
Щ֮·ģ²ֻðο˵ģֻҪŬܿͻɵġ
һŬġ
ζشţڳϵİ£װ
һߣʧȥֱۺ۾һĪ޿棬ԳʱѾʧֻԵķŭͣ·ȴţһõӣȻܴҺ޻֮أǸѲĹϵˣ벻Ȼó֮𣬻ܹɵļ֮ҪǼ֮ôҲڴˡ
ԽԽģ޿ȴǰճϵ¶ܿ죬޿ͽ꣬ٴηϿк޿ȴڿͣ˵ĻҪȥҾʹˣҲңұԡ
ͷճ֣㱻޿Ȼˣǰһֻ佫ʱҲû͸ˣ
ߣ
޿һߣһѪħģͿסңôףѪħҲƽ֮ģѰƽֱǲǸ𣿡
ţյЦݣָ޿ϣȷ˵꺮ɽׯҲȷʵУ꺮ѣô׶ԸģʱֻҪжЩֽţˣɱŹֻ֣ҪˣѪħģʲôô
˼ƽ֮ã޿ɿǱ߸ϻȥ˵ٵһӣͻһϲġ


356 꺮ɽׯ
޿˻վԭˣѾģζı仯޿浹ûôϣΪζòȻˣЩȴԭϤˣһ۾ϵó
ڳϣ޿Ǻܾˣ⸱òǰȫͬͬʣҲЩ仯Ҫ޿֪ϵϢ˺Ƕǲʶġ
ʲôò޿ѹеʣ˵ȥ
꺮ɽׯ
޿ǵµͷüëЩ˷ܵһ£켴Ӧǣ
Ӧ֮޿ǰ·
Яζں󣬳ϵϣޱ飬ȴЦ޿Ȼûаģ赶ɱˣߡ
޿Ȼ֪Ϊȴԣ޿͸֪üëһССϸڣޱȵ˳ϵ۾
㣬ʱ䣡
ǣ
޿һֱţؼӿٶȣȴֲûԾзС
ɽׯλãȥ׵ͬһ·ϣҲûеԯ޵ĵزֻҪСһȦӣҪԯޣǳϹƾͲȥˡ
һ·ϣ޿һֱԾӣޱȣһĹģǡȴǳʵ뷨
Ϸû֣ܳ޿ʶ֮̽Ѱʲô£ڸϵ
ҹͣظ·޿ܹͨԪڶ۵״̬֮£Ҳ۵һǺ޿͵۲˳ϣȴֳˬٱûһƣ֮С
޿浱ȻҲע⵽һֱԪʯԪпѣҵˣǲһ
Ҳһ֣޿һȣԪʯȡԪȴԪʯеʣҲһ¶ô˼أҲǺѷɫЩ֮޲
꺮ɽׯҰ֮ڡ
꺮ɽׯһɽϣɽ¼ȸֶͣǣɽ¿ȴûͱڵĻ֮УֻɽдеӣɢŨ÷
˷紵κϿ𵴡
ɡ÷־ۣҲ꺮ɽׯеñһζһܸоɽׯĹ°֮С
ͨ꺮ɽׯһʯףʯԣȫͦζ˵Ĵ
ʰ׶ϣߵſڣſ꾢ɣһͯӺȵߺˣ
޿һŭ𣺡ҡ
סڣ
޿ϵǻ֮̿ɫһǡȴˣ¶ˣû뵽Сӣ˾衣
ͯΪн״ʦѣȻо޿Щȴûзϣ˭֪꺮ɽׯλЩ˸꺮ɽׯ¶Ǿ
˵㡣
ǡ޿Ӧһ˵ͨһݷɽׯλׯ
ͯӴһӣòƴ³ĳϣڼλׯûпգ첻ͣ˵ţһӣǲͷģ
۾޿ŭɶһˣϾǼˣһССĴʦ۾һֻ϶㲻ϵĴڣȻҲҳ֣ŭֱð˳
޿ҪʱͻȻ뵽һ£һһϲ㽫ŭѹʵΪʲôͣѵûʸ𣿡
ͯһƲ죬˵ǻûʸҲʲôط꺮ɽׯǷ֮أҲȥվӣƾ⸱ò꺮ɽׯ˸꺮ɽׯĨ֮⣬á
޿⻰ϲȴȵ󵨣֪˭

һߣͯӣüĿģ
޿죬ת˵֪˭𣿡
ҹ˭Ҫٲ뿪ȾׯǾûˡ
𣿡
޿ͻس֣ҪͯӸһƬҽһѻ𽣣ֱͯӣͯɫ󺧣㡭㡭Ȼ꺮ɽׯſڶ֣
޿ǲһССʦߵֻҪŪǺ꺮ɽׯͽ˳꺮ɽׯټһӣ϶Ὣġնɱ
ͯŵܣŻԽԽۿҪ𽣴УͯǰһɢɫâĶƣֱ֮С
ƴŻ𽣷ɿն𣬵ø߿գɫֻûһܣɫ֣ǰѻͱɣüջԪһΣ
ǿϧҪٿһͻˡ޿ϧţȴ̿˵֪ˣ´ٲж
ɨȥֶͯ˵ͷСϵĻû˵꣬ͱͯӸˡ
ͯӲûимϵľ֮ǼɤӺˣɱ꺮ɽׯˣˣȥׯв֪Ķ
еͯӵȻֹΪǰֳ룬׼λãͯӱŵ˵ˡ
룬Ȼζб룬ζ߳һŵģҲ˴ļӡ
üͷһ㣬Сһͯˣ꺮ɽׯ˵꺮ѣҲòĶȥȻҲпͯӻٺ
ھôӣ֪
ͯӵļѾ꺮ɽׯ洫Ųд̧ǰȥͯбв֮£ֻǸɵ۶
߹ͯߵʱ򣬵˵һ䣬Ŀӣʪˡ
һ仰ͯһޱͨ졣
ζ˽ȥб룬޿·ͯʱŭֱӣѹȫͷųͯӴ󾪣ֱʹȥ
ɽׯû߶ԶǰͳһˣһۿȥЩˣеĿŮΣһһ·ذ㡣
ӣǵҵôÿ˶
ҡͷ
Щˣεĳϣ뻯װζǶֶϱۣ޿棬һƬ˭óŶ
ŮҪǾжǡ
Աߵӻ˵ǣ֪ôˣôرǸͷҪģֱһͷײˡ
⻰һȺ˹ЦЦû֦չ̶ޱȡ
޿ˣˣԴܵĳ裬һθһأ޿Ҫ죬ȴٴθܵϱĿ⣬޿Ϊ˴ƣֻ
϶꺮ɽׯӡ󣬸ˣһ˾ͰˣǰȴһȺˣӦøıԴ꺮ɽׯ̬ˡ
ʱһӰ˻δȵ˭꺮ɽׯ¶ɱ⣡
£ֽһˣۿ˳һۣȳ˵ȵ˹֣Ϣʱȥ


357 
ƽĶۣڵĲ෴úζ
ǣ󣬻ǳ˹ֵĳ
˵⻰ˣһŮˣ绨˱ǣĵ·һƬ֮䣬ȫŨζ硣
Ϣʱ䣬סǹȥŮ˽ҧرء
һ㶯û˫ĿȫŮӵϣ˵짰ɣ
ССûʸ˵
ڼǻһĶׯǰҲֱ˴ƨ˵˷׷׸ϣһׯһִųˡ
һӢˣȴ˵˲֮짻׸㷢չʾȶ˵ΣúǷϻҲȥׯò۵ΪʲôŭԼ˵ȫͬ
ֱֻȭȥ
һȭ뵱ɱ޿һȭһģһ
ȭͷճͻ䣬ЦݣнȣɫأųϵĹֻ˫紩бдҶƬƬƮ䡣
ľԹЩҶȻô򵥣ӿе֮ʱȻҲ񱻶紵Ʈǣȴͣѿ
һССҶȴƿ֪̺Ŷ
ңҶһƬƬ裬ֱ֣нϸɣ˺
ûд򿪻ԪָķƾǿֵЩҶҶӳϻȴû˿Ӱ죬һۼҲû¡
ܣ
ʧ̬˵ЩҶжˣƷķЩҶǰ˷֮⣬;Ʒһ࣬ҲҪĪӰ졣
ڣⳤüĴ׳ϣȴû֮еĻ淢ѵƷҪӲ
짵ľȣһǺ֮ɫ˫ø죬Ҷٹҷ裬ȴһѽһѴɫС
ɫ糣û˿仯˷꺮ɽׯҪľһ֣Ķȣ˵ʵˣſʹý衶ɹ
ӵþˣ꺮ɽׯΧ޿滹ڰºֵĻǺɾ͵òʧˡ
ǴɫСʱǰ̤һһȭͷҲǰһΧȻ˱仯һƬŤռ䣬ץУ㡣
һУȭͷǰһ
̣һɺɫĻȻ𣬻ȫγһУתķʽȫһ

һͺȣĺɫȻ٣ܺ¡¡ɢзΧת۾ĴСײһ
֮ɲǻصΧвƾҵɢڵĴС̾ͱɫ滷ƣڽӴе˲䣬Ȼ̶ĺ
ǽ
ֻϢĹ򣬴Сʧ
ܣ
һʧ̬һʧֱ̬짻ʧɫѣ֮ôǼ֮𣿡
ǰΧ۵Ůǣںɫҫһ̣оһֱҪյĸ£أף˵ģСײʱ򣬱ǹɱըɢ˸Уʱҷ
޿۾һ⣬ţֱǿˣһУʲô似
Խǿ޿ԽǱŽ赶ɱ˵⣬꺮ѲûɱСӣôޱȵҡ
ǶԻǴ
޿滹ûԼҳѴӴָͳһӣĴָǰ֣һҲǴɫȴ̵ͨ͸˵϶Ǻñ
ɫӸһȡܵĿһԱЩ÷ɰ񰡣ҡ
ںɫУӰ˲ϢֻȭͷȻֱ짶ǰУâкȵԪؽ𣡡
ľľ
짵似ûʩչϵȭͷȻ䵽짴ʱӣȴѾˡ
޾УһһĽâĳ짣짵ӱ棬֮ĻصԽӾˡ
ա顱һ
ȴӳǸӣɫһ˲޹⣬³һѪû˳ϵȭһƻ𣬰һ⣬짵
ѪɫڼʮĴϣصɲǣĽ´̳֮ȴѷ˺֮ϵɡ÷ǵñضǡ
һƬɫ糣ƷŴһȭ˵һ°㣬ֻǴ˷֣Ҳ൱
ֻ֪ϴһȭȴ֪һȭ棬˶ٶԪɽһԪںϣ֮Ԫأг¼ǸС
жڳϵĪãҲ룬Ȼڶôô⣬ӦҲ
رھǴҹϽ꼯ԼγУɱʱϾ͸Լ뷨бĳ
죬ڿЩҶеʽƮ£ٻɽʱҲ׼һԡ
ΪԷһõǼ֮𣬼ʹе벻һƾ֮Ҳˡ
лЧȻǳԣ
͵һУֱĵ˳֮Ԫֻǣ˶
ԪȻĵúܴ󣬵ĵúֵãһƾʵһȭƵö˷ˣ
ϣʵΪһˡ
˳ϵ°ڣ꺮ɽׯĵ¶ŨŨľηҲûǰ˾Сһӣȫѣڣҹʸ𣿡
ֱһѪڵϣĿģǰһУһȻֻһȭͽƵ˵ز
ׯ
꺮ɽׯĵӣսսȥҪ짣һȫǷϣ
ׯǡ
Щӣôϣ߸ϵĶׯΪĶׯ˼һȭģǸ꺮佣ˣ˵ǣϣͺȥûһ
ϣ㣬סǣˡŨŨԹޣûгôĳǰˣȫָնˣҲ⣡
짼ǶϣѪʹ˵ׯׯϾͻԸǰȥƴԸⱻĥأ
Щһϣ԰ޱȣƽʱЩ˴ͬǣĥġ
ԥԥУˣϿ
һϰɣ
ƽĿڣһξȭͷ


358 
Ͼȭͷ
ϵȭͷϻûɺɫ棬ȺŮȫ˺

һҽԺ󷽴ȴϽһӣһˣֵ˭һӡ
Ůһ֮һѹǰ
ϵüͷøΪˣ˺Լº飬ˣ÷ĹҲĶȥɡ
˵ĻܾͲˣ
ϿЩСߵԽԽ֪̽Աߵ޿һòƹʵ򿴺ϷӣһЦȭͷ˼֮תζȥԸסǣˣҪǵ
޿Ȼһ䡰ƾʲôÿ죬ʲô֣Ǻ޿һ˵ǣ
һȺӣ޿۶۵˳Ŀֻ࣬ΪǵΪͲ޿ľ硣
짵񣬺Ȼо޿ΪҲղ޿Գ˵ĻʣһһΪԳͣѵԹϵļ岻ɣͷֱۺ۾ȻǸδã桭
˼ţѾ֣һ˺ţͷ
˹֣У

ȫƵȫʶ˭ȫƾűĺ޿ʱҪǻ;Ȼ޿ˣǣ޿ԽϵЦݣҲ͸ãҪȻôСЦ滢һ˵أ
ʮ޿һӣܾɫĻ棬Щ˵֮𣬵Ҳǲͬ죬ǰЩֵס
Ǹչüͷý޿ָһץĻ棬£ҽ˲䴫Ѫ
ҵĻ𣿡
޿ҪһЩȫͽأﴫ˳ϵ޿Σֻһָӣɫļ֮һ
ʱЩŮŮȫεڵأϵͷȫ˻ҽԭʹ棬Ҳء
Ǿʲôˣ꺮ɽׯΪ
짿ȫεûһͬ飬ֻ۽⻹󷽣ţô
һ
ʲô짿Ž˵ĳϣ۾Թ֮𣬲ȳϻش˵꺮ɽׯûжɽ衣
ϲûð𣬼˵ҿԸһĴۡ
ʲôۣͷ𣿡
짼꺮ɽׯǲˡ
ʮƷԪʯ
ûᣬֱӱ˼롣
۾ɫʲô֣һھóʮƷԪʯ꺮ɽׯʲô
룬ȴֺȵҴ˵ˣҶˣΨһ
ʮƷԪʯ
ֱӷһ޿ۣ˵ΪɢߵʲôʱйôңǺԼô򲻹ϣҪնɱ˳ϣʮƷԪʯˣ
Щ⶯ˣȻ˵㻹Ҫҿͷţ㲻ҾͿԭղŴһȭ֮𡣡
ٵôߣζȥˣ
ĿһƲ˵һСС佫ҲҲ˵ķ𣿡
ңԣǣУ
ҾҪ˵
Ҿһȭ
ϵ˵۾һɱӿ֣ȴǲ˵ʲôҪиղôһȭϣҲˣΪϡ
짳Ĭֿ˵ʮƷԪʯֻ꺮ɽׯһۣһ֮󣬱赹ԣ

ʮƷԪʯ

ټһƷԪʯ

짵ʵѾЩССľˣղűвʲǿԱһһ˵
ͬʱҲ֪ϾжԪʯ
޿棬𾪵ͬʱźѾޱ֮ء
ȴǺںܸЩԪʯܽõֵĻԺ׬ԪʯʮٱֹˣһγټƷԪʯ
Ҫ˵֣һҪʲô
£짵ˣǷ棬ɷģһͲ׽֮Уֻˣüһ˿˿ƣ֮ɫ
짼֣æԩ磬ܣˡ
ãղŵĲõؼʱ̣ˡ֮ɫ÷ȴǽ˵㣬˭㣬ҽˣó
짻ش÷ľתͷųˣĿӳζһɨ޿ϣȵҵĶ
ңҡ޿ҲٹԼ͵֣֮͵꺮ѽϸնɱȻˡ
÷ķȻȵҵɵӲɣһǳ㣬ѵǸòеǸСС佫ǿЦ
ǡ
˵ټ죬Ҳ϶޿ǳϵ£ټ޿ȳϸǲûг͡
÷Ҳ޿Լ粵㺷Ȼˡ
÷ĳ֣ûرɫѿ죬ȴһŨζɢ÷㣬Ũֱ˾Ϣ
޿Ͻֵ÷һĨЦֳһľն¡
ۿľҪն޿ͷ֮ϣϸЦݣûȥֹϸûǰȣ޿״ȴǱŭȵƾ㣬ʰң
ޱ߻ɫϸϸ̽޿棬۾ɻ󣬡ˣеϤ
磬ʶˣ
ҵʶһˣֲܡ
֮ʱ÷Ѿ޿˲ս޿ʵǸ÷һģֻǱ֮󣬻ûָټϸղ÷֣ԣʱǲ¡
Ͽ޿ķֱ˵衶һģ

¶֮ɫС飬ô֪ģ
ţȴЦʲôô֪
΢΢һЦղһ֮ɫѾҲ϶ЦʮƷԪʯټƷԪʯ
⻰һ˿̰֮ɫȴŹȷʵ֪ʲôǣ㲻һӣɣ÷
ֻǽһۣһӣȻģһ׮£ׯΪβأ
еĻȻԸ˽ףǣȷûУҲа
ˣ¸ǣ߶š
һȭǣζ־뿪ȥ޿һۡ
Ҫת𣺡¾뿪𣿡
Ǵׯ˼


359 ǺҲǻ
һ̸ûгɹٿһ£
ȴȵ¾뿪𣿡
Ǵׯ˼Ҫ
꺮ɽׯɲǿջ߾ߡĮ
ûнӻûתֻġ
Ц˵꺮ɽׯˣΪɶǣٻ꺮ɽׯôľࡢ÷𣿡
ӣҸо꺮ɽׯ˶ֵֹģһеģǰԼŪñŮ˻Ҫ㣻ʲôׯȻϲЩ÷ζһЦζ֣˵ׯҪʲôĽ
ղ˵ġ
˵ʲôǻЦݣȴǱȽ䡣
಻Ϊ˵ʮƷԪʯƷԪʯ
ζҪŭشٱǶҪҪȴֹˣ䣬õԪʯǲǻҪ޺ˣҪҩҵ
ǴʵʵؽͿһ书
Ͻɱ£ҪҲأ
Ϊ߳꺮ɽׯ𣿡
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊʲôܣ
û뵽ϻشű㿡ϣ˲ЦҾȭͷ㣬Ϊʲôܣ
˵ţҪ֡
תζԼЦׯҪԶˣ
ɲܹңԶġһûʵӣ˵磬һ飬˽Ҵ˵ġ

짵Ļ˵һʱתͷǾã˵ģģ
ġҧ˵
Ŀâһһ˵ĻԭΪϵԪʯֵ֮£ڿЩ鷳ģЩˡ
һȻܽˣ
࿴һߣ÷Ļں޿涷ѷ֣鲻ˣҲţƾһ˵ǰ£Ӧò⣬˽öˣ޽ӽн
ɫ仯عأƽ˵ټƷԪʯֻ衶һۣׯαҪأң˵طôɵģׯֺαҪأ
üͷ壬ԽǲţİվԽҪСһ֣ȻҪˣǿʳ磬ѵ¶ĺܲ٣ͽ߱ʦŮΪɱȵȣЩѴĺǿɲһĴ󣬶ʱҪܹһűȷħѪĸ׿סˣֻҪƵҪҪѣʩչ߶ӶԿԱ
ط˳ȥ֪꺮ɽׯʲôĻ౾ΪԼСܣ֪֪֪֮⣬û˻֪
ȴ
ȷɣҪΪҪȱߵΪߣȻһŪãҪⷴɡ
ԣóóϿҲûʲôϢ©ȥ
һ˼֮󣬻˵Ԫʯǿ԰ȫ߳ȥ
ҪԪʯó
ƲԳԷƣһȭ
ˡ
ȭͷ
Цˣݵģȭͷȭͷǿ¶âȭӭȥ
ȭͷ֮ϣɫâֻ
ųЦ⡣
ȴʲô󺰵磬СĻѽ˼֮𣡡
ʲô
ȫս׼һСӵ࣬һξ
ϲʱȥӦϢһȣںϣ
ԪɲǼںһ
У
ҫŵɫļ֮˲γУٶɢһֱĴ̶֮ȻһƬؼׯڵ÷䵽˲١
ȭͷҪӲԪʯҵͷˣ
ϴźպɱӰ
ɫݣԪɺȵʲôˣţһ׼ŴС
ˣ
ϵĻشŭ棬㵽ʲôˣ
һˣҲһˡ
㾿ʲôˣ˵ľԽԽˡ
ҲںϧسȡڵԪɱǸǿ˲٣ҳϻԪָĴָ֮ϣͬʱص˶ҺãҾǺˣ˶һҾǻˣ㣬ɱңҵԪʯôҲҪɱ㣬Ԫʯ
ƾ㣿һߡ
㹻ˡ
ϻصХɨȫĺڹ˸һƥеƣȭͷȻɱ
Ҳȭײһ˲䣬ȭͷ˿жһɫЩƵĶ̽̽һһɲɣϢ
оϢüë£ɣԪָķ
ȭͷѹŽҪӲ𣿡ǵóѵЦݣʼգûȭͷӲŸϽ˽ϵԪʯ
䣡
̽ԪָķȦײһǷȦϾȻѺۣȻûƣȴҲóϳһ
ôսУԪָķܿԳƵûһܹķҲϴİȫϣṩԽɱ˵˵ԪָŴξȳ֮ʡ
ȻڣǹȦѿ
ڳԾͬڳԾеĶ̽Ǵӵõ̶ˮõģޱȣԴܣƷѹŽǰҲû˿á
ҪŽٵҲǵͽ
뵽ĿﻹʲôǰİǣеģȫŨṴ̃Ҫܽķ֣ټѹŽϸ߽ǴԲҲ£úãܽնɱ
ֻǣСӵݣЩ򵥣ķӦòһİɣüͷôֻҪ˭֪ɱأ˵ҽɣͲס꺮ɽׯˡ
ôһ֮ǼӴԪǶ̽Ҳ첻ѡ
ѷԽԽ󣬳Ͻ󲿷ֵԪһȭϣ˿̻ԪָҪĴԪȴǲȫ㣬ۿǶ̽ҪƷȦ
Խ֮£ϾԽ侲Ѫڣȫȼգóۣĵﴦͬʱȭͷȥ

ԪָķȦѿɫЦݣͲţСӻóһĶֱ̽
ϵȭͷϡ
ʮΣͷһ߻ָ짣ȻӺ湥ﻹȵðҵˣһҪɱ


360 Ԫһ
ǰǿУ
ǰѹŽϣȴð֣¶ܵ飬Сôһһ֮ǰǸһʲô
һ˲ͷϵȭͷϮҲǲܣֻʹ̣ǰǵȦһʱֻҪŽƷôʤȻ
ңѾӺɱֻҪܲסһʱһоͳ䶨ˡ
ȻǺɫ湹ɵУϵ·ճ˻ҽϵƤҲбս֮С
ţ֮˲Ϣ侪춯ء
һɾ޴ĳŭӿûѪоԼ˻𺣣ָоԼڽâ磬оԼһɽѹ棬á
ܴػսϣϲ˷ʵҲ޿֮·
Ωһ
ļͷӲĴˣûˣҵʹҪ˺꣬һֵǽâǼ֮Ǿ
һ߻Ҫסϡ
оԪɢ֮ϵȭͷԽԪǲܾۼĪ짵ĹѾˣɫ¶Цݡ
һߣ÷ȴƫƫ޿ĽͣҪ޿£޿˵ð죬Ҳôֱսһ÷ĲЩš
˵ˣ짲ˣǸСӣ㻹š
ǣ÷Ĳû⣬ŭ𣬡ССһģҲӲȥ
޴
С÷һؼ÷Ʈ䣬ζŨɢȥס짵ζɽŲһͣϽֵ⻨㡣
ǸСӣ㿴ô򵥣ҺҲһ·ģøϽֽȥ򣬾ͽдͷ
ٷϻЩ񣬸㣬ǲܵģʰһСӣҴ־㹻ˣ죬ұҪնڽ£
÷ĵĹƸ޿ᣬƴɱΪɱġһĵ˵ͣκ޿һӣһһô˵ͨ޿ֱһ֦÷һ񶼻Ҫֱ
й鷢й޿治òȥӦ÷ĵĹȻһ޿ܾûˡ
ǱߣʹСӣȥɡ
㣡
ָ繳ץס۰һֱֵŹŽùŽųһȣ𣡡
һӾͱ
ȻûлţֻҪϮɹܵˣȫ⣻࿴÷һȭƣȻƴ󣬵ǣĵԪ϶Сֻǲ԰׵ɫǼٵĺס
ŵʱ򣬶ִһȣԪһã
Ԫһã
ȫûصùԪô裿Ӧܽóȥ
֮Уɫ䣬ΪоڵԪ֮ˮϵָ
ˣһλˣо鲻ƿ֮УҪҪ㵽׶ʲôֽţ
ͬһ˲䣬ǻû񽣣˳ϡ
ǰ֪ϵЩǿԣһ֣óʮֵΪܴһԴԹ
ϧԪָķȦٴδ֣ڵԪȻݽߣάֲ˻ԪָķɴǿнԪȼü֮
лû񽣣ɲǰѹŽûд̵ýȥɫ֡
˵Ұһ̣ڣ㰤һˣ
ճڣֳ짷Ӧֱ˹ȥæΪܣˣҲȥ׷٣̻ȥֱࡣ
⻹ڲس鶯ûԪߵ췴ӦȫȴȻ޾ɱ¾֮
ˣһ̰ɣ
һ̣ɱ¾֮ȫΧڵʯ̽࣬͵أſڣʵڲţǸªѵĶȻĴ̽塣
ǳǿҲǵһ磬Ȼϸ޷ȣҲѰ˺ªĶôش˽ȥ
ѵǿȹŽĴڣСϣ˶ķǶ׷ʱ࣬оԪɢǸоҲɢ
ܡ
󺰳޿ɱѽѷ÷ĻһͣסĹתͷȥĴһסһĵﴦȥ
ʱ÷ĸоѪҪըһ㣬Ͻ޿棬ֱϣ޿Ҳھڳֶ֮ʱһղŵ֮ս۵òǺ
һû˵꣬޿棬ҪҲһնڽ£
޿棿ʲô޿棿
÷ľţ޿ɫϲǣ౻ԪסԪãеѾʿĵȡǿԪˣԪľɫ
һĻ֣ԭͼ޿棬ʧɫԭôֶΣҺҡ޿ٲˣ֣ס÷ģţڣ
϶ȡԪ¶ϰΪȡԪ֮һץסǰѹŽת짣ҲĴ磬Աûüͻҷ𣬿־Բ˵Ӳսֻ룬תȴζ
ԥ짹ζζ׼ţпһԶȫ˳ȥֱҪѪû뵽һСС佫ȴӵ಻׵ķ
짶űըҲҪζץ֮ʱϵĽԪһμԪϼʹǱȽϵӦֵġ
째ճ˳ǽԪϣζץסʱ뽣ֱӴ˽ȥ̵ĿɢϵڵﴦһӣһԪ˹
ϽԪָһӣţԪˣ㹻ɡаٱ䡷ڶˡ
һɵڶ㣬ΪͣɱǷʤͱ˵ղŵսΪͲôնɱġ
˵ڳǲϣ˵ĴĴ֮£
Ҳע⣬ǳϱֳҪ佫Ǵʦ͸û˻Ŵȥעˡ
һնɱϵݸζһοζȻһЦֱ÷Ķȥ޿Ӯ÷ģǵ÷ĸԱˣǿԪ˸װ˷ˡ
÷˫Ѫ죬ѾˣˣҲٻȥҪȳ߽Ȼ󣬺ȻԱ
Ͽͼ˵ˣڣԱ˵ġ
ˣ㻹Ͷ޿ָֻǰģ
ҿ˭סԱ
˵ҸһԱĻᡣ


361 
ΰɣõġ÷ŭȻ
ЦˣֻǸһѣѵΪ㲻˵ҾҲˣ̫ˣ
÷ϼһ鶯ΪһɱҴ磬Ҷ㣬꺮ɽׯôˣǡ
ɱǵģǣǵ̰ǳԪʯһۣǲҲͰˣνڣȴҪǵǵԪʯѵǾͲû֣ɱ¾ǿЦɺޡ
ζŭط
÷ı˵ƿԣȴ˵Ҳܣֻ֪ǺҴ㣬Ҫᣡ
ʵֻǵ÷ֶѣһ꺮ѵƷʶûС
Ҳܣһȥ
÷ıˣҪԱ޿ϽԶԶģӳԪ룬÷ĵնȴ߶Ԫֻ˽ȥһľɫӡ
ޱؽԪ˷봢ָ÷ĵصʱ򣬳ӣҲҡҡϵȥ
ӣζ˹
޿濴ϵӵ£飬һӾͷḻ̾ųϵ⺷ֱӽնɱֹԱȡǵԪˣ⻹治һˣ
ǣڣ͵ĻûҲֻһֻèˡ
޿ϸЦҪ֮ʱȴһֿܣ᲻ǹģ
һ뵽ܣ޿ЦˣԺ︡ųϸղŵһĻĻ뵽˳ϲ԰׵ɫ뵽˳Ѫ뵽ԪĲ
޿ģһѣ
ԣ޿ſϵζȵС㣬㻹Ǳȥˡ
㡭
ζǾ״ʲô
㲻ʲôҾҪʲô
𣿡ζǿӲ˵
С㻹ӮҲɣ
޿һ֣Ԫ˷ζƵ˺ȥ޿沢ûɱ֣̽Գϵ֪Ҫ˭ζһ£ƿ϶ƴ
ȻʱζѾŪѪɫڵϵǸˣȴȻûзӦڻţ״޿Ƿˡ
ΪԷһ޿ٴºֱ֣һ֣һնζɽӡְɫķȫó˻뽣ֿǻ𵶡
˵ǾԵʵǰãͲôˣԪոײζǾԴԴϵӿѪ
ϵڵϣû˿
֮̽޿̤ǰϣЦ棬˵ţͣ뵱ͣ㿴ڵӣôܹҵأ
ζס鲻ó𵶶Կﾪŵغţ޿棬㲻±ǣԪ𣿡
޿Ժֳ˱ȡԪ˵ӣһ飬򶨵˵ҪվţһĲңǶϵ⡭
˵䣬޿Ѿ˳ϵǰӸµ˵Ȼ޿ڻš֣˼ȫǷ̣ǶȤ
һδԸˮޱһ֣ϵԪʯҲһúñܣĸֶ׷Ҳúãôķͽƾı£Ҳһһģһ壬ԣ㣬ȫõģŮҲõģɵĴС㣬ҲίģһоһʹͰϢġ
޿ǵǷϲ˵˻ȥĻ˵˺һ׼ȥȡϵĴָﻹ˵ţ㻹ʲôԸһ˵ɣƴҲҪΪ
𣿡
Ȼǡ
޿ڴǻ֣һֹ˿Уɫѿ˼㡣
ǺãһһԸҪһڸˡϱ۾˵۾ֱ޿档
飡
ӴϱĿ⣬ûжĶ޿ֱӹ˵ϣ͵˵𡭡͡
𣿡
͡Щ棬һӿ޿Ժ֣ط˵λã³ϽԪ˸ȡˡ
˵Ҫƴģ𣿡
ǵġǵġ޿ؿͷڵأһƴһƴһȫһڡ
ϲᣬվʲôӣߵζǰζ˵ӣҡ
Բ𡣡
νֻҪû¶ͺõġζЦ˵ָ޿˵ӣŴαѵСˣӦȡԪˣɢ
ҲˣҲˣҺõģԺһ
ΪǻĻ𣿡
϶ζ˵ζһ£پʰ÷ĵĴָȻ짵ĴָҲûзŹ
ĴָϸѰң׵׷һ֮ûҵһټֽ÷ĵĴָúѰһûС
üͷԭΪǷеĴָԲźԥؽ˸նɱڡ
һε꺮ɽׯ˵ջ񲻷ƣõһԪֵָĹŽԪˣԪʯ֮ıĿģȴûдﵽ
ӣûҵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ӣ꺮ɽׯúõһң϶ܹҵġ
Ҳֻˡ
˶̸ţ޿һ߲ͣؿͷ޿ĳӶˣڣ˻ûжĳͷţͷ
꺮ɽׯĺ¸ˡԸ޿صǣ
˵꣬޿ƴܣȣվס
ʲôԸ
ʱ󣬻ص
ǣ
һϵ£޿ٲģȻޱȵ
޿ֶΣֱӾͻὫЩСϺ׸ɵˣϳ˳ɱׯ֮⣬ûҺ˵Ҳֻǽ꺮ɽׯĿŮǶΣǲз¡
ζҲطȥץסһЩҪܵˣҹ̨ͤҹ¥ҹ鷿ҹȵȣûһϢ
꺮ɽׯһ˵ǰׯȥһطǸط꺮ɽׯĽأ֪ǰҵĶ᲻ڽ档
·
һȺȥ
صʱǸ·ˣҲǰߣҲûǿ֪϶ƽʱֶ̫ˣ֮ǻڡ
ζ˽ȥߵһʱ͵ؽζ۾סҪζǰ


362 
ӣסҵ۾ʲôζɻ˵˳ӣʵӣѪζŨ
ζ̫ˣȵңһңϾͳ
ҪҪһҡ
Ļе㡭
ӣ˵ʲôҶģǧ֮أӣҲµġ
ζеļᶨ֣ζ㿴һƬտ֮صм䣬һѪأѪŵģһЩȱȫӣֻ޽ţػ˶ǡ
棬֣ǸѪأҲ֪ö˵Ѫ͵ģ
ζһֱŻ£ֱУˣס֣¶ȴݹȥζһЦѰ
˲ٹҵһʼǣصǰҵĻйأϴͷβ˸飬ô¶
ǰЩǡԭɡȴҲǸݡİ취ԱˣЩ˾ʵ
˽󣬳ҲɫΪԼҲĺ֮һȣŷ֣һֻС
Ȼ໨ô๦ȴûгɹ
ϼȥûҵȴҵһЩǣֽŵˣóŽϣǡ
ɱǣһ¡˽أÿһ䶼ˣȻһζʵӣô죿
ȳȥ˵
˻صսĵط޿Ҳųüͷչһӣȴţûҵɣңûôס
ƿ޿˼˵ӦҵΪ㻹лĻ᣻Ҫûҵֻ·һˡ
޿ʱȴüͷ˼пܷ
˼ãûд𰸡
ζ޿ǲˬŭȵ콫ʰɾ
޿ŭԣ£һӣɫ㽫ΧЩʬ壬ҲȼϿǻչ짣չ÷ģյϡ
ͻأƺʲôһԾ֮УӣǿѾ·Ȼ󣬿һСӡ
Сӵһҳдǡ֡
Ͻʬ壬һӻ˻𺣣ЦݣζҲϲӣô֪ϣ
ôҪĶǿ϶ҷţǷڼȫַĵĵطȫ֮ȻЯһǳ磬Ѿٴ⣻ˣʹˣһնɱˣҲὫעĴָԵԭʼֶΣšϽҲǸող׵ģÿһϣȻ⡶ҲΪҽˡ
һߵ޿棬ϲֱš
õɽׯɽׯıڳǰѰʱ򣬾Ͳ౻ѹһˣ˵ͷλׯĴָ
꺮ɽׯȼǵӰѾʧߡ
ű׵ķͣؼ죬һֱĥšһ湦½Ͼ󲿷ֵȻͬ
˳Źȴ澭ֲõȴް취ҪǰѪ֮¡
澭пܵµĺ߻ħò֮ҪΪһ߻ħǾǴĵòʧˡ
һ߻ħϵĽ
ɲܳܵġ
š˵һ鼦ߣ֮ãֿ֮ϧԳ϶ԣȴȫû谭ϱ޾֮ˣŲʲô˳澭ֻҪֱͨӴͨ´ˡ
ѽһصľ˳Ԫ㱸ʱԿ׼
⡶Ҳܵģ˭Ϳ˭Ҫñ˵ľѪڶҲƶپͿƶ٣һעܿˣ⻹Ҫʵйء
ЩԳ˵ʲô⡣
ҹˣϽйܣػߣֶ޿˵׼˿ҷԲһ֮ڣΥն㣬ͬҲǡ
ǣס
޿澪ȵؿܣٶ˿ȥ⣬ûо꺮ɽׯһ£ûп߽ܣ޿滹пܲ뷨ڣãǺúõһ͵ı֣Ƚϰȫ㣬һص飬ûиͷڵȻһٽɱˣȡԪˡ
ܱű״̬ζ̷֣ԪˣԪۣѹת
һϵеĶѾԼĳ˵Ϥˡ
Ḷ́ʹһ·档
ϱʹ֮Уһһߴһһøǿ
һصľһʱ֮ͨ۵þƣߣһͷأֻУȴԪʯ̶֣Ϊҽ
ԽǿҪͨԽѣûʮȫʮĶڣѾˡԺţ˵ָڻԪˣ֧ڶأɡаٱ䡷ڶ㣬⸱״̬ȥֻ·һ
ֹ˼ʱϻָ˹ζʵɹˣ
ɹˣ
ġζûйܳʲôʽŴӱǿ󣬱ĵ顣
ţҪΪľŬˡ
ŬȻѰ㹻Ԫ
˵һϽ޿˻޿üëͣΪҪͷˣϽשͷԺһİ£Ҳжġ
һ𣿡
⻰޿ǼᶨԼ뷨ҷģҡ˵ģ޿Լ˼˵ȥ
ϵ˵һξѪ
Ѫ޿ֱЩĪ뵽һµ飬ҪõѪģĿǰˡ⣬˰ɣѵѵѾ
𣿡
ܣõôãҲûɹţҲɹɣ˵ҲûмĪǾǸղŵʱ
޿ķˣҲԡơ
ʲôֻ˵Ȼ㲻ҾԼȡˡ


363 
ҪԼȡ޿ľѪ
޿Ͻ뷨ڵأ˵ҪȥҲһüͷ˵һξѪͽѪϡ
ϵȻԶ޿Ļˣ꺮ɽׯϵȷЩûеԼֲ˵ĵزֻ˳ƶΪ޿һ壬Աж
ǸٶҲǰ׷ѹ
Ͻӹ޿ľѪһء
ڳʩչʱ޿滹мֿϣϣ鲻²ϣأûܿס
Ȼ޿ϣȫˡ
Ѫʱϻһ飬ƿƾն˲ٶٿ޿棬޿һµֱͦͦڵϣ۾ãǸϣҲʧӰ٣ϵĿʱη壬ϵĿ⽻棬ڳϵԹޣ˿ҲͱеľηǿɢҲ㣬ҲһǾ롢Ҫȫȫ֮ˡ
Ϊһ֮䡣
Ϣ֮󣬳ԺĶʲô޿ļ䣬һ֪̽ظо޿ʲôֻҪ޿治Ļ䲻ֻҪһΪԱҪ򵥣Ϳ޿
Цˣˣʹ޿棬Ӧ֪ô¶˰ɣ
һΨ֮Ǵӡ
ϴЦݣӳһЩƷ׵ĵҩԪʯлԵƷȫӵ޿ǰ޿лʰ
ζĵ˵ӣġ
ϵͷİɣζԺҽҲٱǣ
ζ¶ħЦݣ϶̷ҩҩ޿˵ӽԺҾͽ޿ա
л
İ£Ҳҵ˳Կģ⣬˵һʱһԻɣ
ɡ֣޿ð⣬˶ֻʧȥ˲žڡɡ޿˵ջ
֮˵Ǹ޿һϣúð££ȫЧҲνġӡӡܲߡ
ͻĵġ޿治ٿķǣ˵ģȫһ£һ뷨ѾȫƵĳϣͻ֪
ڿʼ뿪ǣҲ㣬;Բңֽǰ棬̽ӱ׵·ҪռϢȵȣ⣬ȫѰӴԪԴԪ˵ȵȡ
ǣ
ȥɡ
޿һУǰжȥ̧ͷۿգãڱһ֧һңŵϺŵңа׹ǡɽʮɲ׵ʵؽ֮գԶˣҵ˾ͽãͿ˾ͽǰãټǬתΪӦҲͣĳɣпȥһڲμӽᡭ
һϸܿ⣬ϰԵظڵؽιϼѪڵӽһԪʯĴָϢһһħٴ·ҲҪ׵
һ·ŵͼȥ֮󣬳ٴͣΪѾ콫״̬Ҫ÷ĵԪˣھаٱĵڶ㡣
һʹľϴӳ֮𣬱ʱʱ̿ʹΪ飬ǸǼޱȣһһεʹྭڰʹļޣЩŵ󵽸һڣС˵֮һսҪѩץһߣлؼҼĿΪԺϲãŮǰ۲ӵİ
һУʹųϲϵĽһǸϹĪѹζİĶȫת˱ǿ֮Դ
һЩûɲȥûɲʹһһδܡ
аٱ䡷ڶʹ֮УѪУڱʤ֮Уγɣͨ
һ˿ʱϴǵѪЦˣаٱڶ㣬ԡʹͣ
»ָԪϱˡаٱ䡷ڶ㣬ΪЩģ⣬ԼףΪʲôԴϢ϶Ϊ⡶аٱ䡷Ǹ׼ģˣҪûЧǿɾǰװ˷Ԫˣô
ڣϵǶġ
˲֮Ϊĳϣ͵佫ΪƺҲоЩֻ֣ۣɻţȳٽΪʦʱζҲӣɹˡ
ǵģɹˡ
Ժ͸ˣҲҪͣаٱ䡷ڶ㡣
Ͻץסζ֣ζллһ·㡣
ζȴҲӣԸġ
ִˣ涣ȴ࣬ܺʶȤ˵ϣ
ǧ֮ԶĵطһŮҲԺп¹⣬ȻǻȴԳߵҲ飬
һˣе£ŮıϹܿ
Ϲܿ˳عӣء
иĸ֮ý֮Լѵǣֶɣ
Ϲܿҧҧ죬ҲС
Ϊʲô
ǻûаóסϹܿ˵һ㲻ɵɡ
óҲֻʱѣһڵĽˣǾͻóףҲû˰
Ϲܿ۾ǰ㾧Өȴ˲˵عӣҲǼѾŮ澣ϹҵĴС㣬ԣҲǲ
㡭
عٿƣ·ˡСŮӲٷ㣡
˵꣬ϹܿöȥԺȴͣһӰϹܿȥ룬ǸӰȴҪ
»Ӣϣӿ֮ɫѾþˣʲôӶˣ˵ûлò˷ģݣܿһۡ
ϹܿϹҵĴС㣿װʲôװҪؼңһΣҾϹʧˣߣһ죬ᵹҵ£𣿱ӣһ㣬ȻĲУҾӲˡҪȻҲ겻үү
ЦݣϣУһֻƿƿװǺϻɢ
ʰ飬ߵϹܿķǰţ˵ܿղˣ֮Ϊ̫ģò԰Σԣ鲻Խ˵Щ
عӣҹˣҪϢˡ
֪ܿ㻹ҵұ֤ԺԲˣİɣΪ˱ҵĳ⣬ΪֲҵĹʧȥһѩ
عӣˡ
ãһҪãϹСҪǲҵǸ⣬ǿңǿؼңǡԽ˵ЦԽãĬֵңҺܿͻ


364 ײ
Ũζѩǿж˽ϹܿǰϹܿȻִشɴ¿ݡ
ѩðϹܿȴûһȵңŽ䱸֮⣬û뵽»ǰĵֶΣµת䣬ǲ죬νڣǼ鼴Թ֮ڣ֪ĺ«ʲôҩ
һȰ˵ţֿܿĲԭ𣿡
ԭˡϹܿ˵
ôԸѩ
Ҳȡ
ѵΪһ¶𣿡
仰µļ֮ϹܿһĽ䱸ȴ˺ü⣬ٺѩ˵ûΪֻǲȣѵعӻҪҺ𣿡
һһ׻һ죬֮ѹסеЦôأ㲻ȣҶ߾ǡ
Ϲܿ¶ѩȴûߣлţҪҪǿǿĻжİճɹֻҪѩĶȺϻɢҩӳˮɡ
ֻǣ뵽ϹܿӣǿɹĿԲҪַѴˣүүҪҰ²ֻȻһˡ
ܿԭ𣿡
Ϲܿüëһԭˡ
ܿѩӼкôԪҲаĲ𣿡
лعˡ
Ҿȳȥˡ˳ȥﻹţڣ˳ȥϹܿ͵һӽŸϣȻһҲסȴܸһ㰲ο
顱ع¶ЦݣҼ˵㣬˷ǾںˣҪӳҵģûôס
½ѩ˳ȥˣһҰպ˹һ֮Ұһ飬ţԶһȥ
¹Цѡ
Ϲܿ֪Լܹһ٣ｫյýƺѰѰ֧ȥ
һߣζٴ̣ܵļͷϵΪҲн佫棬һӢݣζȻûлָԭòȴҲװһʵӣվһ𣬵ǽͯŮһ㣬һħޣٶȣ׵
׵ںϣ׵һƳǡ
ƳԽ߾Խ࣬󲿷ΪҲбڳŽĥµ佫Ϊӡ
ȻҲ˶˴ģǶζǶԳϣǵʵ߽˲٣ֻ̾ˡ
ζ˸ǣ˵ӣôû
øһ㡣Ц˵ƽҲ
ζидص˵ͷ
ƽִƳǣϦб֮ʱ˱ţǿ൱ظߵ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ȴأһˣҪľǸߵסˣñ˲佫Ϊ߷
һҿջ˽ȥȴ֪һת˺üҿջ˵Ѿס˿ˣӣô죿ȥ׵ˣ̫ˣջˡ
Ҫشζ˵ӣʦҲˣʦ֣Сζһ˺ܶʦֵ֣˵Щɵĵˡ
ζȥϡ
ζڰݵ֣Ͻֹס˽ŲۿЩʦִ߹һȺˣҲǿųϣһ˵ǿܣǶڲ²ζ֣ôӵһͷܡ
һڵǱʰϣû˵һͷܣҲǳϺӵԭҪȻܵʱЩ˾֪ǵʵˣɵڣȴ֪Ϊĺ̶ӵ١ûнϢ
ϿɵЩʦ֣ɻ󣬡ЩʦˮԪ𣿰ӦûɣΪѾնɱϴȥһڣſ϶ҪɣΨһܳģƺֻʦˡ
뵽ﲻɶһ£ʦȻ࣬İȴһҲ١
ӣնɵˡ
ζѣϿȥһȺ·нʽͼˣϺӣնһȺ֮ʱϿǽն˸ɾ˵֪
նɵ˿ʱĿⶼòУ޲˹ҪǿΧôˣǻͶˣǹЦ
Щɵˣôζüͷ΢壬콣ŵҲˣǸҲջˡ
콣ţϿȥպÿһϤӰǵսΤ룬ųЦݣûȥкΤ뻹һ˹ȥֻ۽⣬ȴڳϵɨһۡ
ЦŵʱԱ˾һڵĵˣһڵĵˡ
ʱϵɫĿ罣һڣɨһ֮󣬳ϱ㽫ĿƵطЩ˵ףȴӡ˳ϵԺ
أһƻĳԺ
϶ܶ˼䣬ܱӭһڵȥһڵڵܴĽĿ⣬ǰȴһӰǰļð𣬴ȵ
·죬߰ߣƾʲôߣǾͲߣζ˵
ƾʲôղ˱˱ȭͷƾнֻСС佫
佫ôˣ佫Ͳ·𣿡
Ҫ˵ԱǸͷ˵Сޣ֪˭𣿡
֪һڵİ
Ȼ֪ǿԸ
ʲô
ǵóǿղ֮˵ȴǲݾܾ
ΰɣζȵ
ȵվ˵
˸պ꣬һԾζץȥҪץζ˿ͻرΣ峤ֱȥ
ɫ΢䣬Ҳţ
켴ӽ֣֣ܹȥֱӹϺζЩң˫һ˵ֱײȥ
͵ؾײǰȥΪԼıóѣȴʹһҰײ˽ֻڿݵͣպҪ䣬ײ˹ڿ޴
ˣܺݺݵײС
˵ӣɳȥʮһڵӣ׷׼ܣܣʲôùܣһֱײȥ
𣡡
ܿХ


365 һϢ
һڣ֮ף˸ҺһڵĵλսһȨ˻ɣȫҽʣһˡ
統ħӡ
ԣһڵĵ߳ʱһָ߸ϵĸоԾ͸һȣе˶Ӧǰһ
һ·ߵƳǣЩһڵӣõҲִ˶ϹϵֻǻᣬЦһޱȵӡ
Щɰնɰ콣֮ģҲǸ档
ֱϺζһֻ߽ܡ
һڵӵĽԺΪҪ佫Ϊߣһֻ߽ܣһֵ£˵ǿԭӰڸͷĴ
˵ˣȷ㣬Ͼһֻ߽ܣύһڣһ˵ǼֵС˵㡣
ǣһȺһڵӣԵǳϣħӵˣ
Ǻһײ֮УһڵӵĽ˵󣬱ײķˣ
һڵȻȺ۷Ҫάһڵϣô˿ţҪǶ˵һɵӣǷǳأ֣ܣϣζ
ϸܵֻһ仰Ǿײȥ
ܵҰײȻһγһڵӵԤϣǵĴʩչܾӲײһ·
ֱƳ֮⡣
һʮӱײ䣬ȻʹǶǷŭѵҶȵ׷һǸĴۣ
ӣ׷ˣ׷ǰˡ
ˣܺã
ϴܱϣۺԪõԪĲ䣬ٶȻ˲٣һȺһڵӣԽ׷Խѣ֮ľ룬ԽԽԶ
ܽϵģֻǰˡ
ˣΪǸ߽ʵΪ
վס㽫ʬΣ
һڣ֮󣬾ͽҲû֮أ
һҪ˭˭ҲӲ
˱ܱߺϼһʱ;룬ͣס˽Ųתԣ˵ǣܵЩˡ
󵨣


Щʶǵ˳ϸ֮һЦ
˿һڣӣҲʺţôһڣ㲻һڣƾ˵Ϊһֻ߽ܣ߽ǰ滹ôԮԷӦòɡ
ٸһᣬܣͷһ
ΪҪ
ҵǵȥ·һڵϣǴ
һڵˣôԵ𣿡
ϻ˵ʵðԵ𣿡
ܽˣǰҲӦðԵһ㡣
˫һ羪֮㣬ûȭûгؽȴץס˴ĹŽһ·ϣҲŽʹ䲻˵ȫӹŽҲӦˡ
Цһ佫ΪˣȻ
Ҫɶ˻ҾԸ㣡
˵һȣ𣡡
Ϊһڵĵӣ񹻰ԵҲʵһ֣ŨÿԺ޿ļɢΧס˳ϣҪһֻɶճɻҽ
˲ûг֣ΪһֻѾˣǻʱ䱸ţϾ˵Ķ̫ڷ³޳ȫ䱸š
ȻЩ˵ʵڱ佫ǰǴ´࣬ڳǰȴԶԶ
ϵӣֱӴ͸˻𺣣û似ֻǿٶȣŹŽķһûӦʩϡ
һ̵ֱ飡
¶һȫǲţ
ϲûоʹס֣Ӳ۳һĽǶȣһĻ𣬴ڶڶӦǿ죬òԾϽƿȥ
ֻǣƵٶȣһ㣬Ž󿪴ϵһؾٽ൲Žնһ㣬նнĲӡ
ȻѪͷ­ϣ
ˣ׵ػˣ͵ʵ㾿ʲôˣ
ǾãҵʵΣ
㾿ʲôɱһڵӣҪȫҵˣ
һʲô˲ΪʲôɱЦǰһڵӭȥҲһСС̽˵һڵ˲ǿҪץסܣǺһЩƽͨ
ôһĻͲٳ֡
ԣնɱǣûĲ
һˣתȥˣһ佫һɱһĶ֣ɲܹӦġ
ӣһڵϣ㲻άˣһڵİԵ㲻Ҫ㲻кǿʵ𣿡ϼ˵Ҳһҷնڶʽ㣬â֯ˣٶԴ˵壬һ㣬ѿ¡
ûзʲôпʰָʩż𣬻ʬ˼ֺԶѭȥûü֮һΪȫûбҪﱻٵˣһ͵ֿˣǣµƣ˲鵽˿
ɱֻգ֮䣬ϿеĹŽ⣬ҪؽĻֿ϶ͻᱩ¶ȭͷǻɣŽȴܺܺõ֡
һڵӣһֱǰ׷ţȴôҲ׷ϣҲûûеģֻɻλʦҲ׷
ȫ֪λʦ֣Ѿɢˡ
׷˺һһڵھòԾˣɫң׷ٱѰңʱѾգ˵ֻǸտʼջһϢ
ӣô죿
ҵ
ǵһڣһڿ϶ѹˣʱ϶дǡ
ЦǾҹ
ζһգ۾³һ֣ã
̶֮󣬼жûнǣֱߣҵңҹ˽٣ҹҲ٣Ͼںϣ˭Ҳ˵
ǣһ仰˵ģǮʹĥ
ϣòȱǮ
ƷԪʯȥ֮ģҶ˵ҡˣ˵ȥ׵ֵʵӵôˣкܶȥ׵ѵ׵ʲôɣ
ЦΪֻȥѡ
ұ㲻ٶʡ
ϴڴ֮ϣоˮԪȷȵϳ࣬Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ϽζҲڿаٱ䣬ֻصĳ˺ϣȴǵ˵һ㣬Ż²ֹ
ڳǳ֮󲻾ãһһԪʯų˺˲ǱˣǱǰ̽·޿棬Ϊɺϣ˳ϵĺ档
޿滹һŵӣͣشߴٴҿһ㣬Ϊ󣬻׷


366 ˣ
޿ǱԩĪҲЩ˵ʲô֣ôᶢ֮˵ҪһҪȡļʽ
׷ɱģֻ࣬ˣУȴһ߽Ϊһ֮
޿һֱۺһֻۣʵΪ𣬸Ͳ˵Ķֻ֣һ·ӣֵ̽·ԣתһȦ֮޿滹Ǿȥ׵
Ϊʲô׷ɱң޿滹Ҫ⣬Դұ۸ĴԽԽˡ
һͷ޿ǿˣƵɲʲô֮æ˵϶Ұ²ҵĳͷ
˵ţ޿ߴߴҽһ㡣
ʺ棬֮ʱҲˮ޿󾪣ߴٵøˣϯź˷Լл־ܰɣܲ˵ġ
͵ĺ޿ĴߴУ˷ˣǣҴȴԽԽ޿ߵǰ˵ֻҪܰѺҶึһƷԪʯ
һͱʴߣȻһںڵģֻ۾ȴǞΪҲǵ˳佫֮Ȼ֪޿Ϊȴ׿϶ǵģ޿˵ĶึһƷԪʯӿϲȴ˵ǰҲ죬Ҵ϶Ǽ͵Ĵٶȱ˴öˣϣûаհǡ
ʲô˵
޿ļ٣ҪǱĴ׷ϣããϣ·ˣȻǳܹ̤նУҲֻǷһʱ䣬ֳܱõطУټãã󺣣֪ж㣬޿ֲʶú·ɵ֮ʱ޿ɷ֮ʱĽ־ǡˡһĳ˻һǳķʽȥ
ҪǣǴ󺣣ΧԪˮԣ޿ǻԪˮ˻ڴսĻʵֱӴۡ
һص㹻ƷԪʯṩӴĶлѺĴ
⻰޿ɣӳʮƷԪʯЩԪʯһϷֱ֮ʱģֻҪܰѣ϶㣡
޿½Ҵһ˵ͣ佫ʮ˰ɣ
ڿϲеĴһ㶣ȴص˵ͷ
ҿ԰佫
ǰߵǼ͹ڵأֱҪͷﲻͣ˵šллĴʶ޿һĸоǸЦ滢޿棬ҪʲôǮֱ֮ͱղţȫһѻ𽣼ߵĲϣǿƴûС
ҲʱѲӰ죿ҿĺԶҰ
޿߶˼䣬վȥŴɣֻҪѺ׷ʲô˵
ǣǰ
˴ٶ͵ؼӿֻĴˮ޿滹ڻ۾͸ľϵĸм
׷޿ˣľ룬ֱ˿ȥΪŭǺòҵ޿棬ȴû뵽޿漫Ϊƻˣ˽ֵǸˣһѩĽڼ㴬Ҳϣ˵׷ǰֻ
ǰǾˣ˴һܲ㴬ģ˴ҪƷԪʯΪ㴬Ҫ׷ǣЩˡ
ṩƷԪʯѵҲ׷𣿡
ǰ㴬Ȼ˴죬Ǽ̶̳ȣȶȴǱȲ˴㴬ƷԪʯṩǺпܴͻˡ
˽һüͷ֧Ŷʱ䣿
ʱҺΣģȫǱƵġ
мǰ׳ʱѾ㹻ˡţƷԪʯ˵ƷԪʯ
λǰҪǰʱ׷ϣǻᴬġףǰ˵ΪǷͬ죬ЩصЩˣܻһ㣬׷˴ܹȫˮĴһ߽״ʦȴӲģԣ˵
Ȼҵ˿á
˵ƷԪʯʱ֮пܻ㲻ãôھͻųɱѩĽϣ̺â
Σֻɱ㴬װƷԪʯ
ȻװƷԪʯļ㴬ͬ죬ٶȱȳ̤շлҪ죬ҵȫȴڴٶȣȫಫǽ֮˻˵ˣȻͲһ˵飬ļˣҲᡭ
һһ顣
˵Ļǻں棬ֻҪһ飬ͻ鵽ģԣΪ˵İȫҲΪԼˣ
ɪɪУż㴬ǰ׷ȥ
Լһӵӣ޿ˮæܸһ׷ˡ
¶ȣ׷ˣǿ϶ƷԪʯӿּ㴬ά˸ߵٶȣֻаʱʱһǼ㴬ƾҪˡ
ʱ޿¶⣬֧Űʱ𣿡
пɫ켴ᶨǰ㾡ȫ
޿˵ͷΣȴ뵽ƣ᲻Ҳ㾡ȫ޿Щãˡ
ʮˣ㴬Ѿ޿ȻֽȴûãǸ߾ˣҲ˵ǰ
޿֣ɣˡ
㴬ϵĴڰ󣬡ǰٲͣҪˡ
ѾԼվڴβ޿棬Ӧʹ˷֮˶ݺ˵ͣɱ㣡
ǰ
ٷϻټӿһ㡣
ǰ׳߼״˫Ŵҽǰһ㣬㴬ֻһٶȣǰ׷øˡ
޿۾һУȻĵض˵һ䣬ӰɣҪˣǵĿңӦòġ
ǰǺˡ߾Ȼˡ
ˣ޿֣оǶԼỊ̄˵ҾͺһΣΪͣͣҪԪʹ࣬裬Ҹ˸ͨһ£ûʲôˣǿ԰ģڣҪԸЩˣ
ǰߵЩʣźĲȴͻشžϲ˵ǰǰ滹кй׷ȥ˵ܻȡ
ˡ
޿ζҼ㴬Ѿǰ˵Ҳޱȣ׳˵޿棬Ӳ˵ģ
޿һɫ̤նͬʱʹһ˴һͷҵһˣҲһˣӦ˰ɡ
ȴȵǲҪҵˣ


367 ڹ
޿̤ն𣬻˴һ̣߸мĵزǰҵǰȥȱס
ߵĻ޿Ѿˡ
׳˿޿ԾУɫ֮ɫЩң֮ǰǣü㴬ٻ֮ʣ˴޿档
ڣ㴬Ѿ˱Ե˴Զȥ޿棬ããϣôܻȥǷƳأ
ͣ£ͣ£Ͻͣ¡ֵҲеĹؼ֮ͣش󺰴УǴҵȻƴֹ
󣬴ٶȵֻǼ㴬ףѾ˵׷졣
޿濴æҵӣɹЦ׳ҲԾ˿У޿ǰ޿濴˿ܣǻûл·
һȥǺããһƬ޿ֽתƻȴ˼ƽϣڿУսŵĴ٣ֻҪǰⰫӸǾ͡
뵽޿ֳ˶ȴʵҺ֪ΪʲôҪ׷ɱңҺг𣿡
г𣡡
ɱȫңʺǼȫŮԣ
ͽɡ׳߷ŭ֡
޿ɱܹٴʵҪɱңҲ𡣡
ݳǣ׳ߺ޺˵޿Ǹ״ǿЦԭΪģĳҲ٣Ǹ£ǡòµģ޿²⣬Ĳ״֡
޿滹ǳЩɱὫʵЩˣǣƣ޿ͲˣڹˣЦԭ˵⣬ǸҲˮޱϢ棬̵𣿡

׳ߺȻУȫӲӣ޿Ҳȡ˳Ľ罣һ졣
Ȼ˽
ڴս֮£ˮ˻øԣ޿澡ʩΪþֶΣȴֻܱһܵľ档
ңƴɱԽԽ޿ԽԽ
㴬ѺԽԽˣ뾡˰취ȴ޿κΣһһˣȴȥᣬֻעеս
ͻأǸӣԾУִ£Уȴƾնһشֱ޿棻ǸӣҲһ𽣣ֱ޿̡
׳Ҳʩչ˴С
޿۾ӱɫΧʹӦһһݵĹʣµȫ˰׳ϡ
䣡䣡䣡
죬׳ӱըײ岻ȣ罣һ˿ڣ޿ȴңشͽ𽣶޿ϣҪһǰ׳߸ģǵâʹ͸ࡣ
޿¼Ѫɫò԰ףҡҡ׹Ѿ˼㴬ϣ׳߼ȫĿ֮У㻹һ·ߣ
𣿡޿Цţˣܻ𣿡
˵ͬƾΪܽƣɱ
ͬ޿ǹЦǿЦ޿棬˭˲֪˭˲
ǲײĲˣ

һһ˵źݻ޿ػʱڴͷĳϣͻ۾޿ΣգһԶ
ܸо޿Σ֮أȻΪӦ϶޿̫⣬ڳҪȻҲҪ
ʱ߲ٿ˴ϵ
ĴһװĴ˴ٶȷ棬ҲǲֻҹУһڵĵ׷ϱûҪٶȣ׷ϡ
ôͣߺ£Ҳ׾巢ʲô£ȴ޿òú˵޿ĺ¡
Ҳһ˿ɻò޿ûΪرǡˡ֣޿ȫմ˱ߣĪ޿תӣ
Ȼɻ󣬳ҲֱóƷԪʯ״ٶȣͷȥζܴһԷ⡣
޿ѾˣԪ֮еõĻԪԽԽ٣ȡԪʯ֮еԪûгǰٶȣʩչĻ𣬲ɫļ֮𣬶֮ˡ
֮ʹ似С˿ɲֻһ׳߿ʼŰɱ޿棬һһҲٳ֣Ǿάż㴬
޿濴ż㴬ţĪǽҪϣһأȥһһأĶˣ˵ִӦӦǸϣֻһģȶԷɱңҾͻɢ˰ɡô죿Ҫ𣿡
޿棬˵ͬҿ㲻ܽͬץס׳Ҿͷߣ׳߿ʼҲЩģĵǣ޿ɣҪԱһȥ
ڴϣ޿ԱֶܵȫλãǣϣֶΣȫУˣ׳߲ò޿һϣ
Ȼ޿漥ЦˣϳɾȻװ׳ⷬĿģֻϧ׳߸νĻ·˵ȫȻá
Ҳˣ޿˼ǰһģľɣֻЩһȥˣٻ
׳üëһµ㡣
𣿡޿͵׳߳ȥл󺰵Ա
׳ɫ䣬üԶ
޿浱ȻûԱ˰׳ߣ޿һͷȥԼ㴬һ
ʱ㴬٣ķѡ
һһ޿֣ȴԾУ޿һľϣڿм˼ӣҲ鴬ϡ
֪ǽ⴬壬ܻܲصȥ˵ִ׵
޿棬
޿ˣһѵİ׳߷ŭһâնâϮ޿ʱ޿߲ŸоȴһɱսҲˡ
޿۷ʱڣһâ޿ôôڣ޿ƴҲ
âޱȵش͸壬޿Ѫһڣ׳ߺȵ޿棬ΪԱŵңԱҸûκôҪִԲһͽԴҪ
£տĴϣͻػصһҪȡʹ𣿡
˭
׳ߺԴֻһҴݳ


368 ɱ
׳߾Ȼû뵽ʱ򣬻˸޿ߣ˻˭鱨޿ϲͬУҲѣ⵽˭أ
Ȼûף׳ߵ۾״ȴЦţû˴ô׵Щ˵ãʹˡ
Цݵģǰ׳һˣһһǵ۾Ҳض״Ȼɱ˶ᴬͼ
һЦš
Ȼ޿ˣǰ޿˵جΣڶ޿˵ȴǾ֮Ǹ
Цʲô׳߷޿Цòãŭ
Цͷˡ
𣿡׳ǲΪȻŷǳ˭Ȳ㣬ֻ·һ
Ǿˡ
˵䣬ϵ״Ѿ嵽˽ǰͷϾֻվųһˣζվţ¸ϺȣҲͺµûܣ档
׳߿ϵһ㶣ؿЦţһһҲЦǰЦڴϣԽԽԶ
޿ȴɵˣɵˡ
֮ķӦȻΪϣ˵ΪϵΪ
ϵΪ佫ǳ佫
޿벻ˣһսΪô佫ˣĪ⼸ʲô⣬Ϊ½ˣ
޿棬ľȱΪһ佫ܴｫȳȥ𣿡׳ߴЦ˵
޿üͷýȻۿϷһ֮ɵĻ棬ǣǻϿأ佫ܾȵóȥ𣿡޿ҲԼ
ϴ״棬ٻٵǰҲԾһ鴬ϡ
׳Ӽ״Ҫߣʱˣò׵˴ôأ
Ѵ
׳Ҳӿзɹȥ״Ҳǲ鴬壬ˮУؽҪӳϵ߻
һ佫Ȼǲ
ϵǣһһƵЦҪľЧҲΪʲôҪɡаٱ䡷ڶԭ
û˭Ϸɵģ˵仰ͬʱ˫һѾԾУպڰ׳ߵǰ档
׳ߴһһ佫ΪߣԾ𣿲ôߣ¾Ҳһɣ
׳ߵľȻû£͸оһв
вǰСС佫
ȥ
һŽҫ⻪Ԫɽһ㣬ȫйԿѵصʽ似׳ߡ
׳ûн佫һûУΪͻȻ𣬸Ͳ׳һĻᡣ
ԣһ̳֮ʱֵİ׳ֻԪ۳𽣣ֵסϵĹŽ
ΪԪ۳ɽԸ佫ǾǴ´࣬ɳϲ佫еĹŽҲǷƷԪ۵Ľ𽣣ôܵס
ǽڽӴŽһ䣬ͺȻȰ׳߼۳壬ϵĹŽҪࡣ
ģ׳ȫŬȥǰҪಿλ
ȻǰѹŽҪʱȴˮ㣬ȥڰ׳ûô¶ʱŽѾ˰׳ߵĵ
ʽ⼼ﵽҶţ磬һνʵĳϣʮ˳ȡ˰׳ߵĽɫԪˡ
ʱ׳ƺ׷ʲô£ָųϣ㡭
ŽɫԪˣڰ׳ߵǰŴһ
Ȼ󣬰׳ֱӵأɴأӿеȥֱҪ
׳ߵʬ壬û䵽ˮһӣһźɫ棬̽׳ߵʬ壬Ϊ˻ҽ󣬳ԭǿ鴬壬֡

һһ鶫ǡ˳ϵ
ǰ׳ߵĴָ
ӳϱ𣬺Ȼ֣ٵͳ׳ߵԪˣ廯Ϊҽõ䴢ָһУáգۼ䡱ݣ̫һ㡭
һϢѣɱ
һϢ󣬾Ʒ˷츲صı仯ǰ߸ϵˣ˿Ѿźˮˡ
ص鴬ϣպϵߣûзӦϻǶԳһ佫ԲЦݡ
߽һֻ֣סǵĲӣŽǸѣȥ廳׳߱ɵһĻҪӴָȡϡ
һŷֲԾǵԪǵʹ
ϵڣһʮУ˷ܵתţԪһһٲ̶ˮӿڡ
㡭ǡʲô
оģһ𣿡
ҡҪ
ʲô˵ˣһʹ
룡ȻҲ˵ɱǣΪǱģӵĺǣһ죬֮ء
Ҳ˵ʲôֶΣǶ˵ˣ𣿡
ˣ͸һʹ졣
ǸղŶûʹ죬ܸʹأǵԪʹ࣬ϣⲻͣزȻʹൽ˼¡
û˿ĽֻǱڸҡ
ˣˣ˻ţû˵ϴǵ۾￴֮ɫˣץסǵѨǲΥҲûȥǣʵ̫˷ˡ
ԼӺֹͣ˺ȫһԪûС
΢΢һ̾ϢŻ潫ǻ˻ҽǵĴָȻתͷȥ޿棡

޿һ飬Կ־ɫ̧ͷտ˿ܿ˿ûпİ׳ߣҲûп޿ʹҡҡͷٶһǰʵ
Ѿڶ̶̵ʱڣǸˡ
޿̽ȥ̽鵽ģϵΪǳ佫һҲûбΪ½ˣʵָһ¥ȻĪ⡣
ͼ޿ʰ飬ϾϹ˵л
ֻҪҺ¶ȻΪϵ˵ʵôЩĳͻ
޿鶯ȴʵʵػشˡ
ȥЦԭҪҵң鷳ұ˺ڹ
޿Ȼǰв²⣬׿ڳϣ޿۾֮ɫ£ҲУҪǻλã;ûеɱ
ϲ޿𾪣ӳٵĵҩԪʯ˵ȥĺ°ɣӦллλ˼ңҪȻҲһôǰ׵ʲô£ر
ǣлл޿¡֣ϲ˼
һأɱҺˡ
ǣ


369 ճ֮
콫޿ǰǧһ̣֮޿Ե˻ºٴη룬ûһͬС
޿˴ȻΣ޿ȻȡƷԪʯ˴Ը״̬ǰΪ޿úִг˸ǰ·̽л޿׼Ԫָͨһ¾Ǹм㣬޿Ҳӿ
ɱ߽һĻҲֻ޿濴˶˵ԶԶģǼ㴬ˣҲڴٵһ̣ˡ
״ߣζ˵һ֮ڴͷǬˮԪζҲڿܻ̿ûӦÿȻǿ֮ٻ˯
Ƴڣȴֵòɿ
µȻһڵӣϽһ𶤣ֻʬ𼣣һڵҲλʦ֣Ҳû뵽һ˺
ȻҲλʦǲǱˣǣͷųģֻΪζֻǳ佫Ϊһ˵ǵλʦֵв߽ܣҲܱܸɱɱҲûһ
ô̵ʱڣΪѾﵽ߽ʦڷٶнֲԣֻǻĳλ֡
һڵӱҪ󳹲飬ȻһǱ֮ףҲǲһڵѲ飬ʼ巴еĻ˳ͻһڵҲһй鱨˻ȥ
ĳһˣƣŭ죬ҧݵǸˣôһˣɱһ˳ر׷ĺǡ
ЩȻ²⵽ȴ޹أĿǰ
ҹˣ̣¹ʣϴл񣬿¹⣬һ䣺ǹֳ֮̾ˮԪڣĵطҪǿ
һ׻˵ģһֻͰװˮǿߵǿľжߣǿһ飬жఫ
ֱˮľԪ֮ʱԪȻоϲƴţڴ־ϲ
ôڵȥɣҲаи
ںΣУһҹֹȥ
ˣϵճһ
ˮƽϿȥųĹâһŻƲʣó״Ρɽƽâչ⣬иָħޣϿóˡ
֪ʱζҲ˳ϵԱߣļͷŶĳ໥˵Ӱӣš
ȴûиоζߡ
ϵţǺͨͨģĻĻ֮ǿأ
ͷճ֣б϶˵ûɣ̫֮ǿƺҹôԶܸо⽫תԪǽôӴԪ
̫ÿ춫䣬ΪʲôأΪĳֹһ̫ܽܽҲסĹĹ򣿡
Ϻ˼һеʣǲҲǱĳֹסأֹ÷͵ԣʱ΢ˬʱǿƵ㻮ӣǿ綴е磬ܽ佫ɱ
ǵ磬ֱ˵һ˫֣˺ĻܽҪѪɱɻ
Щǹ𣿡
ЩǲҲָʹ̫ʹ÷磬Һ
Щ뷨쿪ˣȴͶ˽ȥֻǣԽ룬ԽԼСоɱ¶ǿЦڵңǲһֵĹ֮£
ոˣˣȴֱ㶵ضţǲһ̫һŻʶһڲͣصҪȥҪȥ
оԼһŻ𿿽֪˶ãԽԽԽϾԽоʹšţʹʱһƴš
ʹƴǰϸоҲ̲ȥˣٸǰһһͽճޡ
ϵأ˻ʶ˻ˣָоĲģͺ͵ϵ֪ȫϣĲһͺ걻Ѫ̽ҪһľȻġ
һ죬ִܵŻġ
߶仰ͻһ˹ζԱߣʵζղôˣ
ûô
ʲôûУ
ûаͿճſš
ϻعͷųţճճճϻŸղŵһУָо̫һоԼ壬оƣһֱȴͨҪƣƣ
ĪǰǸоģ
ֲ⣬ϸϸоȥָоǼ֮𣬺񾫴˲٣ǳ׶εļ֮𣬵е˼ĸо
⡭ô¶ʲôѵõˣһһεĻ䣬ǰÿһÿһΣ֮󣬳ֵĸоͶЩȴ־ԲǶʲô
˺һӣҲûףһЦ֮˵ָо϶ǿģһΣӦˣһü֮ƷףˣҲ׬ˡ
ϸ֪ճһУʲô֮ģǴȥȻ󲨣Ҳףĺ˼룬Ժ󣬴ôĸı䡣
Ͽճʱ򣬱һɽԪŨ֮أһ֮ڣһȫ¶͸ϵģϿ·ӣţһˣ֮ţδ򿪣
һȫɢ֮ĻߣҲţΪ𣿲չֺ֮һ˵
Խ֮أȴⱩɹ֮£һ߳ţһڣ½ײˣʲô˵ǵ״ҪңҲڲ֣ͣ򣬹򡭡
һ֮أһòϸˣҲųǺڵˣˣûУҶԲ㣬Բ㣬ҪڣҪڵĻҾ͡͡
ʦճһŬ죬ȴ͸۵𣬴ϸ˵ĺڣϸȵĹˣ
ûУ롭
ȥȥĵ
ǣʦ
һĻĻĻ棬ϸ֪
Ϣ֮󣬾еǸͷ


370 ھ
ǸͷԼڲϾ
ͷˡ
ǣԭرǵԼܲסȻԳһֱûиʵ
ڹͷ˽ɫ򴿺ɫɣִ˼֮ܵճĸ򣬳Ͼһ¡
ɵڣζԪʯһ
ھõģҪ׼ʲôζһ·ôãײ
ȻϲܽԪʯԼڡ
ԪʯṩãԪ
Ԫʯֻһ壬õģԪʯ̺Ԫ
ϵڣȻǲȱԪġ
ΪϵԣԪǴȫÿһطͨԪ;ϢϢزһҪԼľͨ⽫Ԫۼĳһ
Ҳ˵ִķҲ뵽ˣҲȱٵǲʵֵģĴ֮֮ȴֻгһܺš
ϽԪվ󷨲þۼһ𣬵һԪۼʱأ뷨ܲʵֻ֣ҪԪ֪ˡ
Ȼϲһʼʩչս׵ļ֮ǾûЧҲͰˣҪЧ֮ףǿҪС
ԣһʼʩչǼ
Ҫ⣬Ҳܵס
ɫ𣬾תɫɫתƣϴϲ뷨ȷģǿеģڼӺɫѾȫ˺ɫ
ʹóЩ΢΢Ի󣬰ζ˵ڵͽ׻棬֮ζ֮ʱȷֱܹһǵ֮ʱͲôˡ
ǰȷȷʵʵ˼֮Ʒס
ô¶
һ¶Ȼ飬ԭˣԪʯ󣬼ƷԪʯ滹ǲһЩʣԪرԼԪھ棬ԪʯȣΪʲôĹؼɣ
⣬ϱ֮𣬻˵ͼ״̬µļ֮ӣϸоʹûеʹ͵ĳ̶ȣΪʹճ֮ʱڤڤ֮оܹĥˡ
ӽм״̬µļ֮𣬳ֹͣ壬ƷԽߣԽСġ
ΪֻҪһԾǸٽ㣬˳ϵļ޳ܶȣϾͻΪ½ĺΪ½ǳԡаٱ䡷ڶ֮طԼ½½ʵ½
Ͼļ޳ܶȣﵽһ䵽ʱĽ
ţðһˮζԳŪϰΪǸңȴǸһ
һʱһʱϦҪ䵽ƽʱԺֱųһʣҲõǻԪԪֻʲôЧأ
ԷһȻ˼𣬲ֽԪ˽ԪˣԪĴӿ죬ЧȴôԣֻԪһԪĵЧûԪ֮ʱҲֻ̫ࣻľԪӣɫֻһºɫȫɫٻˮԪԪһ¸ľˣȴǼ𡭡
һЦˣˣľԪ㣬žҪһ¥ˮԪǿĺԼȥˣ󲻽𲻵ЧƷ׸½һЩպľԪó֮£ԪˣԪΪ֮飬֮ҲԪ
з򣬳øˡ
ͬʱƳǣһڵõµӻرȫףֱнִƳǣڰеǳҲ
λǰɲòˣһѲ顣
Ȼǲ鲻ʲô
һڲľʹ˳һƹ¶ҪԳˣֻ߽ܣΪˣһֻͣҪṩܵ׼ȷϢģһƷԪʯ˭ܻ׽һħޣƷԪʯһڡ
͵Ϣһڵ鱨˳ȥǸ֯ͬҲõϢϢ˴ȥоһСкС
ֶ֮һڵĵҲˣλһ·ǰУȥ׵һЩССɣһùģҲ˴˺ȻǴһݽ
Ϊһ仰ô˵ģԵߵ֮
ǶΪеԵߣ
ɡնɡ콣š֮࣬ȻҲǸϽ׵ȥ
ڴϣڳǰ̽·޿棬ȴ鷳˴߲ˣΪϽ˱˴סˡ
˴ĴԻ˵ǰܲȻҪ׵һβ̵ľȷڻûеǸŶԣҲԣ׵ԽԶıԽҾãⱡҲ⣬ȴ˵
ǲΪˮޱҪĹϵ޿һ䣬ʵھҪ·ˣ߻ش޿ֵȻ˵ԾҲ´ˣסǰһξ˵
˵꣬޿̽һֻ֣緢棬ֻɫ֮Ǽۻˮ
ǿĿɿڴҲͶأЩദ޿е󣬼ֱޱȵظߴ󣬸ߴ˼㡣
ׯ쿪
ǣǰ
ׯعϽٶȣ˴
޿治֪ǣ׿⣬һ⺷ȵؿ޿ڵ˴һ˵죬ǵļƣûгɹΪҲ̫˰ɣҪǳȥ˵ˡ
棬ˣ
Դ˼
һļ˵ûʲôµġ
ʽпǳɣ
ûʲô㣬ʲôԣ
𣡡
Ǵĵطʲô
׵
ǲ͵ˡΪֻнԳȻ壬ֻΪȻ˵ͱ׵ֿбл𣬵ôã￴ʲôȫǱѩɽֻҪԣһһ壬ƫƫȴǻԣǻͲˡ
죬һǲףΪʲô£ҪҪȥ֪һ
ˡܲˬ˵һ󹦣һ㣬ҿ϶ܷ˵ǸһƱֹܵǰʮƱ
죬ҲǣһǴôоһأ
һۣ˵Ԫ֧Ŷã


371 
Ԫãˣ˺һʵ˵죬Ҳ֪ΪҴû
Сôһʮ֪ҪʲôãȻŭţȴһɵ⣬˼ҳܹԪ๵ͨġ
˶Ľͣ滹ͷԡ
̵ģǲͨԪҲװ

һƸڴԴϣȴǴЦݽ͵ȷ˵ɣķһƷԪʯԪˮҨˮһлʮƷԪʯԪ
澪ʵǳΪһʦΪǴرƨöϲŽߡ
˵ֹʮƷԪʯأǸ࡭
죬ѧʶԨⶼ֪ƨԺ϶ǸֱӾʮƷԪʯƷԪʯ
ƨӶˣĻԪõòˣһٽ¡
죬ﲻǿԹͨԪ𣿡
ЦܹͨҲÿûлԪ׵ʲôˮԪ빵ͨҲͨ˰ˣ
䣬ֻҪһ£СҾϵɽ»𺣣ƴȥˣ
ƾ㣬˼ҴͰɵˣ㻹ǸӺúôɡֵļ;Ѫڣһнܽ£ǽǾ춯ذ
к£ȫʮֵľанٶ߽佫ãƾЩʰһûԪĳǻֵ
Ǳߣ޿滹ԻƱǰ
޿治ɵӣ֪Ļ˵֮ܲׯѹıԾһûۻ棬һƷԪʯԪ
ԣһ·ϣ޿Ĵʻһʱʱʱʱ
̵ģǲһԪô˳㣿ֵָ꣬Լ´ľǼ֣ο˵Ҫ˶ʱ䣬Ҵ϶Ҫͣˡ
ɶ䰲οѾ˵ˣ£һˣνһٶ˥ߣˡ
죬ȻȥɣҪȻٻȥˣһΣա˽
УȻܾѾɱһΰ˷ܵûˡ
죬Ǳߡ
캷ȻȵҸȥһֱȥҾͲԪ޾
죬Ǻһ⡭
ʲô⣿ܲˬ
ҷǿ϶Ԫʯ˵ʲôٻָԪĵҩ׷ȥҲûʲôð
ɫһͣʱ˵ˣ޺ɶ񣡡˵ҲûзţתͷϢ죬ô취㣬Ҽš
ǡִŵĶ죬ţҲֻ¡
Щץ˲ٵķ㣬ҪǲץһȥǱȹţôһ仰
аʱӣţ׷˻쾪죬ʵţôˣ
죬Ҹ߲Զ˰ֵܡ
ôˣ
ֵ˵滹һ㡣
ж󣿡
״
״Ҫǽ⴬ǵʵҪǿ١ȡţʵ϶Щʲôˣ
һҲн佫ΪһһŮǳ佫
Ůģô
ԵƯ޷ݡ
ƯŮģӦһ󹦰ɣûץǰ㣬һŮĻȥ϶Ҳᡭһ£ϣ˵ӣһЩ˼ȥˣ֪̽ģһ˾ܽ㿴Զһ㣬֤ǲУ;¼Ǻţȥ״ٸ
ǡҲһʮ˸ȥţһˣͷ״
״ϣϻԾţҲִ˱棬״ĴҲ˵Լʣҵ޿ǰеһıۻһΣٽܱ״ǰװƱܣ޿ǵ·ߣǰʻȥ
״ٶȻܿ죬ûӰһ㣬ȫȻ֪һˣǵ⡣
˸޿ʱǽһСҪ״ʱǾͲΣƵЬڱϼɡ
ʱӣһ״ˣԶӰʱˣæϱȣ۶ֻ˵ǰС
սսĿ״ȶһýˣǵװ磬һͱѩĴײ˵ǰȴһԵı־ǣ
ţ
ŲǺһôҲ˱׵һĪǺҲõʲôϢǱǰЩӵġһڳϡ
ţǿ
ǽкҲǿǺϵǿ
ǿˡЦ˵ţ
ܿ죬ˣͽ״Χʵǰô죿
ǰ
Ǻŵˡ
ֻܿ
˵ţζҲ˳֪Χˣǽһˣֱɵ۶ںʻôãĸǳüģЩΪģΪϰߺҲǶһ²һµ̬ȣǰ˵ãһ佫ȴںһ˷ܵòˡ
ţ״Լٶǰȥ
һȵͣ
״Ȼǰ
ӽͣȻӲˣ
״ǰš
ŭˣ˽һǱߵ˶ˣóˣҪ̩ɽѹ֮ƣ״¡
Ȼ״ȴǸ˦Ҵϵˣֻ佫
֣ŮģĻڣȫɱˣɱ
ʣµȫ״佫Ϊ߷ǵԺѾŮץ˶ɱȻѰƷֱᴬˡ
ֻϧʵģʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҫ״վʱÿ˵ǰһââƼ죬գۼ䣬Ҫǵ


372 Ķ
ǵ֮С
âϮûףâԺδ
ֻæҵظȡӭУɳ̺ԪЧĽâǳҲҪͷʹһȻ߸Ϊ߿Եֵ
ƾʹֶΣ󣬽â͸룬̴ǵĵ
ߵâ뵤Ķͬһʱ䡣
ԣҲͬʱȥݺݵˤڱϣǱı棬ˤ߸˺ˮ
״ǰ
컹ûعҲһ㣬̵ţץŮĻȥõʲôԪʯҩûҪһ߽һ似̫ͣˡ
뵽˵죬Լعȴ߸£ûˣ״ˡ
ӿ¶Ūˣȵͣٲͣ
죬λӳȫĿײƱҲûһĻ۵ľ˵˵˵ţ˵ȥˣӣҲû˹ͷһ㣬ˤڱϡ
ȫôˣôˣ
ˣ³֣ǺľеһͷˣǿţֻһССʦ˵һߣôˣܹ߸ͬһʱȫˣβŹ֣
ˣķӦŪˣ˵ûˣ˵ȫ佫ôܽһӸɱˡ
ţ濴ȥȻ㿴߸
С
쵹Ȼǰһжģ
ŵˣҲһ㣬վ
̧𲻿˼Ŀ⣬ȴѾԶȥ״ȻŤת˷򣬷ʻ˻ӣŵòᣡ
أӣòӣȻнûһߣҽ˲ɱġ
ȻҲΪЩǳģֻΪ״Ͽ϶иĸ֡
ԣˣ֮ǰºȵסס
첻ҲǲҲбģȥ״·ϣ󲿷ǲֻʶ˵ģӵ졭
ʱĶһһͿȣ
һ㶣ͷһ״ϰ׵ľ룬ҲƴһѣûͣƴȫԾ˿У׼ӡ
տʼӣֳֹŽԪתһʽԽٱȥȣ㵱ձն䡣
ʹӿ£ˤڱϣûȣرѪûóͱסˣ־һ˲ϮȫҺѩ
˭ӣ³ң
ŵĳԱͣ£Ųһ
״ͣˣͣڶǰʵͣˣʲô𣿡
쵹Ҳ֪ԼһˣȻʹӴָͳһƽʱԪʯ٣˵С磬Тģɾ⡭
״Ĵӳһֱǰڣ;ûк£ڸŵôˣһο۵֪£һר˶ĺȻڵϣóԼĶ׸ԭҪٵˡ
ˣ
ζ˷ܵشţһ·ϣŬָսȻ֪ϺǿҲģŵѵôʱߣǰһĻҲǰЩǿ¶ԣζ˷ܡ
͵͵ζζȷͦÿȡˡָϽӴָͳһζ֣
ܱȴòͣ;ͱŲҪСˣ˼ܻӼնһȣȻҲּܻնԴ

͡

͡
ǲ

һһġУ׸һͣǰѾѳ˺øߣڣָﶼ͹ˣöָҲ˵ϣ̧ͷ񣬱ʾΡ
ǣζĿУ³Ļ֣
飡
һڵأʮίạ̊́ʲôûˣкãĹҰɣ
㻹У
ˣûˣġ
Ȼζ˵һ䣬㻹Դ
⻰ıȹڵıҪζȴǰ˵ҪסԼԴأ뻯ɻҽ
ֻ̣ҪңʲôУ
ǾʹȥǺŵѣ

һʯǱŵģǱϲģŵжˣжôǿһǳҲһܴ߳Ϊųλ֮⣬һλϣλϣǺ׳ܵУ˸Ҷĸڡ
λϣһλΪѶߡ
Ӧ𣿡
ӦӦȻӦҪ˵ӦǾɵˡ
ãǸһᣬ£˰ɣ
ľһ켴ȫݣţǣң˵ţûȵĶ죬Ϳʼ¶ˡ
ŵԱȻɵɵվɶ쿳ɱƴǰȥס״ˣҲҲǽԪǱնȣЩ佫£һҲǵвġ
ǣˣҲԲϢ
ǡʱζ˵һ䣬ͣ˭Ҫɱ˭ܻ⣬ʣʮ˸ˣҲܻ
ζһУǽ˳ϵʱơ
ųԱ⻰ǽĵѪȶ˳ΪܽɱΪʮ˸ƴˡ
òᣬȴǺް취һҪǲģǴһ𷴿˵һڣԵǾһˡ
ǰʹĺڻɱţҲ뵱ؽζʱȴľηһΪͣʵȴߵò񻰵ˣһƽʱƢͦԸҲͦõĹȴʮСħŮһԵǺ
ҴӦȥŵѣΪʲôҪ첻ĵغ
˵кǿŵ𣿡
춼˺ü˺˵ɱңǱ밲ȵﺣŵѡ
ζüͷһ壬ߵвˣ˭ҪвңҾ˭ù
ûãֻ˵֪ŵشܣǶ֪
شܣж󣿡ζһȤҪǲĻĻ͵űĥɡ
컹ǲ˵ģΪ˵֮·ˣǰµĹƣԽԽͣʵǵֵסˣһϣǳΪ
Уشܣʲô˲𣿡
ϵüëȴһһƻԾ


373 
ǺһǳΪĿģó˵ԭ£סζ
˲ɱ׸Ϊ״ϵĸˣӦҲһĻ߶Ϊͬĸˣܻɵһ㡣
ȻζĲмʱٴˡ
źݣеһ߸ڴͷ˸һ֮ʱֿ˳ֹζ
һƻһ㣬ܿˣϿ޿棬ôٿһԣ˵ǵĳǳʱľͶˡ
ҪȡˮԪԼǲģһһ֣رǣ⺣ǸһɴסǸϣ൱ڿסţҪ£൱кô
˲ƶҲζС߶һζǵͷֹ˷ܲѣҲֹǼɱǽĴָһԪʯ֮ƷΪУ֮һõЩԪʯ˶ǲѣȻǼò
ڴУζֺȵ·ȥ
䣬еԪʯȫ˵ϣһأǱŵãȥŵѣ뻢ڣȫû
߶ţ۾ֱˣƺҪԣǱȥŵˣȰ˵ڣζѾתЦŰο˼ңģû˸ҶһëǻᱣģֻܿС
ǣС㡭
ڣͲ¡
Ҳع˵һ䣬ӭϳϵ۾֪ôģתȥȥ״ˣζЦʵӣ㲻д˵е֮ɣô˵һ䣬ˣ˵ô࣬˼һǲš
ЦЦ˵˵ǻһģ
⵹ǣңҾ㣬Ǻǡζ˵ţŮЦݣһƬѩҫ£͸Ҹɬ
һȺ˺ƺƵŵȥ޿ĺһˣԽԽļĻţرǿ޿ܼôʱ۱ǰһȥء
ǵȻ֪޿Ѿˣֻȥѣи޿Ҳ뿴Ǹٵʲôʱ
һ˴·ȥȥ·ϣȻ̫ƽģϾǸղʱǿǰһ棬ȫչ˳˿̴ó޷ŭĿ⣬ཻš
ȺųԱ֮УǶ죬֮ǰ϶ѹסǣǸղһսʵѾǴ֮أԣȻܺޣҲֻܽɺ޸ţصŵ֮Ҳɶˣ϶Ὣ
ģȳϽ״ϵĸ˸סٽһһŮץסҷǵҪúĥһʲô
һ·﷢йţ˺üʱ֮󣬶ҵȲغõĴֻʱڿѵӰǵѣȻҲһСС
ʱɫѺڣССȴƻͨ˵ǵסأжǰ·״Ҳûͣ˰
һԼĵ̣㲻Ҳܡ
ζᣬˣҪȥȻٽ˽£ʱﴫһȥǳϳҸһܵĻᡣ
һӾԼȱն龰ǣҲѴǸϿɲܼģǴ졭
ٴ˵ǾͽǴɡ
첻ò£˼죬ںˡ֡
ŵĳԱˣǶΪǴսƷģ֪ȴԼĵϣˡ󣬴ûнгȴ˸졣
һˣʱϾͺ
ŰӣЦ϶ôˣأûˣ˵϶״ֵЩٵЩˡ
˵ţ쿴ζ۾һ·˹⣬ȴǲƣ϶ŮǴŪģ
Ҳ𻰣ȴϣ˵˵ٺһ㣬һ㣬ʱÿˡ
ϲǵľ˵´ȥɣӿ㣬˵㻹л·
˵꣬ζ״ҲڴϣܹˣòܽŲȴأȻŹᡣ
õ⣬һ£ȫٶȣʧڳǵ쿴һ̣һٿζΪЦˡ
ǵȫѹ򰡣
ЦȴھţŲ⣬϶Ҳһĺ֮ˣҲ׶Ը϶ôҲһнô³ˣܵӣħһ㡣
ţȴûзΪǺŵѣǧˣˣˣԷֻ佫һЩѶԸܣ˶ѡ
ҪǣǺ׵ġ
ҪǣˣҪǣǲγķ϶ǸλȲŹأȨּӸһ㡣
ˣ쿴ζЦһӳⷽٵ˵ǡ
ǣ˵ʱԺһ·ҵʲôԭһȥҲûзϣǽעսϡ
Χˣ˹ȥ
ζûж֣ܿʼɱķƺҪЩӵƣʹ죬ȫйϰ㣬˿Ҳ飬һ˳һƸķɵ׿⡣
һЩ佫Ϊģȫ£֣ΪģҸסܣɱеģ׽Ůġ
ٴ´Χ˿ʮΧȻʮ˵ĹȫζǰһҪǸŪˡ
ܴһӦ
Ѱ··
Գˣһľɫֱ̳ϡ
ڴ̳ȥʱһﲻԾǾûпߵİǰȥ
컹ûԼһѾ֣̽ץסǷһŤһȫʹײ
˵ϡ
⶯ڵʯ䣬˻ûӦʲô£쿴ץʱֱһɲǳˡ
Ͻ飬Լȴû飬ֱһţȥ


374 һŲ
飬ΪЩԺҪΪ¶
ȻҲǱġ
ΪϲڳţкܶҪڶûȫ죬ЩȵȣǣȷҪʱҪָӣԣʲôϵ֮ģҪ˵ɱ컹ܿճһλָһ
컹ûӽһֻƸʶϵлعͱˤڵأˤͷĿѣȫûʱһֲֻԴϣ
һҽжޡ
ǹϽˮ׳־һţԴķˡ
ǿɱӺЩҪϳɱȥĺųԱɵסǰ߳һЩȻ׷ײֻӴܣﻹڴţˣˡ
ˣ
˳˷ȥ
ƴŵЩˣعͷһֻһ̯Ѫüû˾һĹ˲
ļ֮ûٸǰ
˾ôţŵĳԱ˵ڲֻӴܣܵķȴһ£ȻΪܵסϵĴڡ
Ͼôȥһ֮СһƬΪտĵطһͷǰܵˣм䣬ϻǰš
죬һŲ죬
ͷϢԲ˵ĵһӦһнýŲģ
ʱһ亹ֱǿŹͷð˳˺ü£ÿ˵Ļش𣬶ôؿ϶ýŲģǲȵԴ˵껹һ䣬ۿġ
ͷϾôãܾˣǴ죬ˣʲôûˣ뵽˳ϣȶ
ǣͷ˳˵Ϊ˵佫һֱǲܣǽȫۼź⣬ҪĺǾµסȻܵȥǳϿôռԪʯռռǵĹ֮£ᱣ
ֱʱͷֻ佫Ϊʱһж˼ͬʱҲ½ĳʶҲ˵һϰߣһϰĳ֪Ǻܿµһ飬ͷ죬ʱĲǳжôôҲһ佫ȴɱһн佫ѰɣϽϴЬӣǲĳֳķһ࡭
ʱͷ콫ĿӳƵζϣȫǱܵһ£֣ܿ˵ŮжӣҲýߵˣֻӴܡ
ͷҪ֮ʱȿˣƮ˳㲻ͽǳϳɡ
˭
ûлشֱǰߣ˷ȥԸǰһˣԣÿ̤һˡϣҲͶһĿӶԿӶΪģѷ˷ſ
ꡱϣڳԱڸͷʹգգ۾֮亹ðͽţȴҲ²
Īǲ
һ仰£һŶ£߹Щطһɳʯ
šţȳ
˰쾢ͷڼһ仰ĺݻûз꣬ͷתȺСĺȥ
ϼǰߣЩԭ顢ӵȺȫáƵģطֿһһħ޾ǰߡ
ŵĳϣסһݻҲɶ칤񹤵ĽУֻͨͨһȻѨͷڶѨ֮ǰϣ
Ϸ˵׼𣿡
ϣҪ˺š
ĳϱţǲˬŭűˣйϵ𣿡
ͷȻûԤϻõôһشתͷ濴һۣպÿԶĳϣæ˵ϣǸˣġ
ȥûпգ
ϣһ佫ɱұ֤ٴġ
һ佫ͷĻ˳ϵһȤʵһ佫㻹򲻹Щ߽ӦҲɱ˲ٰɡ
ϣ佫һ㣬һŲ
˵е˼
⻰ͷΪɹ֪һ仰׹ѣ˵ǣûпգˣҪĲϣ𣿡
ϣʲôϣͷڷһ䣬ͻ뵽ʲôһϽ˵ϣ㽫նɱϾͽЩϣҪǲ֣űˣҪϣȫûˡ
ʲôҲҲϣϻˣҵʵôȥ
ͷϽ¿ˮϣҲ㣬Ǹ˲ҪǸ㣬ֻҪ㽫ɱˣҪʲôϣǶܸŪ׵ˮԪǶܹ
δ˵꣬ϴӶѨ񾪺һվԺ󣬲ſⳤϣòʵǲҹάáòĸݣһ֣ӽһߣһ·Ҳޱ߷һͷͷ֪ûϴˣ˫۾ȴѪѪġ
ϵʵأ˵һʱ䡣
ͷϲæһָָ˳ζ
˳ƿȥζǲ첻ǰţζϵ󣬴Ȥ˵Ҫȥ꺮ɽׯǿ϶ֱӾͱˡ
ΪȻصͷȴЩɣѾ˳ֱ֮ܺӹͨĴܣǰٱ࣬ǰߣȴѪ죬оʲô˶Ѫ
ûдϣҲûпʵζһǰڳǰʮ״䶨ʵǲҲϵģ
ϣʲôϣζɻͷȴǴ󺰵ϣǸеĲ׼ҸϣֻҪɱˣϾܽ͹
㣿϶׼˳ϣҲɻʵҪʲôϣ
أ˵
üͷһ£Ƕݵʧ֮ǰصһ£Ҹ㡣
ǣϵڴָǵǿĹУõһϵõݿǲ٣װ˺üָ
˵ҪҲǱüǰıＱУȫӣԶĹͷȴǼˡ
ϣ㲻ҪĻûеġ
죡
ϣɱЩָʲôҲȫˣϡ
üëһ


375 
ͷ˵Ļܷǿ߼ɱ˳ϣǳǵһһУȫǸϵġ
ζҲˣǳ˼Цݡ
ϵȻҲ˶üëһҲӡԺ
ͷ˵仰ʱҵûóǿǰޱ߷ߣ뿴׻ô
׼ô죿
߳Ĭţκ˵ûҵ𣿡
㲻ɱңеĶΪУ
СӣҲûôģԼĶҪҰ죬ңҪһ죿ʱ䣬һȥúооһԱ˳ŵӡ
Цˣ˳ɫϲ쳣ͷȴңҲڲ²ǰǸͷʲôϵϣô
ЩͷһϻʵҪʲôϣ
ʯ
϶ǵúڷ˲٣ӳһЩߣҪʲô
Ҷݣ
Ҫʲô
߼ֱֻˣ飬СӵİһﲻͣıһһĲϣ˵Ĳ棬󲿷ֳϵĴָﶼС
֮ԳôЩϣǶǡ١Ĺͣرķᣡ
ҲһЩòʲôħʨӲݣʲôɫ֬ʯʲôڴž
˫ֱһѲϣӻŽòУ϶Щɣʱûһȭȥ߿϶һʱ䱣ЩϣԼһȭ
ȻҲп߼佫ΪԭΪ佫һȭ˲
º͵Цţ߿ԼôϣҲЩ˼һ֮˵СӣҪŵĴͷ˾Ӷߣ

ͷôҲû뵽˰죬ⳤϵã첲ˣҪˣСӣͷί˵ϣҡ
죬Ҫǲˣҿϳȫ㣡
һɰ˼ҡζЦҲȤؿˣ߶ųϵôСӣЩϣһŵĴ죬ֵ˰ɣңԺں뽫ŷչ󣬶ûйϵ
ҡҡͷ
ЦֹסˣȵСӣɲҪôߣЩϻһŵĴ죬ǿǴ´ˣҪǿôϵķϣҲ㡭ߴӵ۾˵ӦӦ£㣬һҪȥоأ
ҵ˼ˣҵ˼

ЦڵĲϹˣԺأǸоӦҪܶϰɣ
˵úܶԣѾ˺ܶˡô˵Թһˣ˳ϺһɣŵĴһֱˣԺҲϣ
ҡҡͷ
У˲ƣƢ仯ҲŹֵһС
У
߿۲ϣܲˬʵ
£
ĸִӳ³ףߵͫףһӷŴ󵽼£ȻЦ뷨̫ˣҵоҪţ֪ʲôΪ𣿡

˵֪ǳ㻹ԴҵԴ⣬ͦҵθڡ
ҵĻû˵ꡣϵЦ˵
ʲô
˶ѡ
˶ѣֽǰ˵Ǿ仰һ飬˶ѡ
һ֮ŭˣСӣһ佫ܴùң£ӣ˰ɣ
£ҪʲôϣҶȥңʲôħʨӲݣʲôɫ֬ʯʲôڴžҶԸ㣬Ҫж٣ң֧о׳һջЩ⶯켴ͶȻȵʦʸ£
ϼ߾ȻЩ⶯һ佫⶯Ҳ͸϶ˣҰʷ˵Ŷصı£ֻǲ֪оĵʲôҲûʣûлش𣬶ȭͷ
׼ʱζһߣעˡ
㻹Ҷ֣߸оһжô˼飬о˼飬νĳţ»ҲãҺúýѵѵ㣬úðȥҲϡ
վŲҴһȭ𣿡Ц
ߺԥػصкβҡ
վŲ

׼֣
ԥһ£ʵ㲻׼÷
ֻȭͷ㲻׼֣
ã
Цȫ濪ζҲЦò֮ңѾȦˣͷȻǱһߣͷ춢볤Ͼĳϣֿ˿һߵζ⡣
ְߴߴٵ
ɿȭͷʵ㲻𣿡
Цһһ佫ɣ
Ĳ£
㶯֣һҪץʱоأ
ã
³һ֣ʮָɴأ˲ȭͬǽԪںϣȻ
߱ǸֶΪһ佫һȭʸûУȻǹƴӳϵȭͷɢʱ˿ҡ
أ֣Լ˵ġ͡׼֡ӲֹסˣȴǽȫԪԵֵһȭ
Ծѣһ佫ôܴóһȭ
ȭָ߽֮ʱɫһ±òҰޱȣﻹʲô˵ġվŲʲôֱ֡óԼķмžëƤ˿ֽҳĶ˳
ģΪϵȭͷϣð˺ɫ棬ɫ滹Ǵתģȭͷϵƣֱӳɱӣ
ҲӳǼֵĶԻ˵ϲ֪ʲôȴûд⣬ΪԼ޵У˹ؼʱ̣óĶǼ򵥶
Ȼܣ
ԣ׳ЩʱͽԪָĴָϣķ
һϵж˵ı仯һϢ֮ɡ
ԶͷȫսֵζȥҪץ
ϻͷһ


376 з
Ϊʱ
ȻʮԶѡ
ǣζ֪룬վĵطڳϵıΧ
ǺͷһǸԵϾͲ˹ͷͼ
һ۶ڹͷϣͷӦ̧ͷ˳Ǳ۾
ʱͷһֻŶ˵ƶ벽
һ֮󣬳Ͻעߵϣ˵ǼŹĶ棬գۼ䣬ȭͷߵǼ档
ͬʱ춫ҲͻԪָķȦײһ
䡭
ǼŹ춫ڻԪָķȦըըǹȦˮƽ棬ȥֱҪѵĸоûԪָǸǵģһξסվĿ顣
ڻԪָķ£ҲըһѪӿһʹĸоڳӳ
⡭ʲôô󣡾ȻнľˮԪĲЩǡ
ھȣԼûдϷָʱҲھУΪֵϹķѾȻˡ
ȭͷû˶ͣ£ڼǰ
ȭͷߵؿϣߵȥϰԶҲûиߴصˣһΪϿɲ뽫Լ¸Ūûսڱ׵ϳ㣻ǣϵȭͷǷһ裬Ҳ˲
Ѿ㹻˾ˣʹÿһֻȭͷڵϣҳһȴֱ㶵ضųϡ
ҵ˼붷׼һƴһѣζµĹͷ죬Ǽҵıը˹ȥȻ󿴵ԭĳϣ˱ҷһߵĺŸ߸ϵĳϣ
䣬ͷеһԽʧӰˣֲǰ׳գ˼ܸɵһߣ˵߽ˡ
ôܣôܣֻһ佫ʵȴȳҪǿֻһȭţԼӿӶ˳߹߻˵ķʲôƷ׵ģƵзȻãôܣǿܽһɽƷ
㡭
㡭
ͬʱ˵󣬳Ц˵
ҲֱԵֻһССĳ佫
˵أ
ҿܽҶ򵹵ģôֻ佫Ϣȷʵ佫Ϊ
ǺǡֻЦ
УķʲôƷ׵ģ
˵أ
ҲƷпƷ׵ġ
˵߾ôųϣ˵˰ɡ
ʰɣ
ӳǼʲô
Ƕ
ǡ
ɣǷ
ʲô
Լȡ֣շԾͽƳȡзˣ
Ƶģ

Ժ˵ղŴӳܵıҲһɨգղǼţлˮнͽз
зܴ󣡡
Ȼܴ󡣡߰Ȼص˼һƽµվԼѪֲ˼˵ǣûá
Ͼߺ˼߼ղŵļŷͼģҪǵȽΪ߼һķƳ԰⽴
ûˣЦ
߲죬Ϊʲô
һ̿ʼҵ£
ƾû˵꣬һ̣һݣ˵ƴҲӮҡ
ϵҡͷ֪㻹к֣ҺһҲк֣Ҹұ֤ҵĺ֣Աĺֶ࣬ܿסĺ֡
۾ǼԸų˵ĻǱʶڸ˵ģģбһҪĺ֡
ϲ룬ֻǼ˵ҪԱûҵҲԱˣ
ܣ
Ը𣿡ûһ㶯ŭһֱЦţ߲֪ŻǲţԱ佫ͬѿڶ˵һ䣬Ծԡ
ûô
ˣ˵Ļһغˣ˲ҪоЩ뻹ûʵ֣ƴΪΪʲôΪ˳ΪҫΪ˵һǿߣֻΪܻøһ㣬Ա㹻ʱо
ҪҪ
ڷ߳Ĭŵʱ򣬳ͳһʵ֪ʲô𣿡
Ԫˣ
߱סˣ
ԪˣǴΪʼŶеԪˣһ£ϵԪˣǰӾ޿ɱ׳ߣ
ôܣ߻ûлع
ûʲôܣȡԪˣȻȡԪˣׯص˵ţ룬ȥ𣿡
ҡ
ϴĻ˵Ҳ֪ʲôףһΰĴ٣һĴ٣һУ㴴ġ
ģƷҲһżõһбűסģֻϧ̫ޱˣŽоôһ㶫
һ㶣㶷ߵ̹׽⡰ǱеģΪ½ûŹϳôãҲǰǰˣҲû˵ͷѾߵζζҲҡͷ˵Ҳδ̫үү˵
õĻش𣬳ҲʱȥڡΪǰ½ϳ֣ȥ˼ǲб⡰ǾǴģҪ飬Ҫ˵ǰƷߣ
ϵȻˡһö׳˭Ҳ֪ʲô֪˴رǰֳô󶯾зȻֻǵͼģҪǵм˸߼˶ֻʲô
ȻһЩڹעԪ֮Ҳʹ䱬ը𡰷ǿʵеԶ˵˶һ࣬һ˭ý㱬˰
뵱޳ʱЩΪһķʹҪҪģѪɺӣὫƷƷأ
ţֶΪҪʦ֪ˣ϶ᱻһѪͷ
ԣļֵȫܹ
㲻ģ⡮Ϊڣþ𣿡Ȱ˵ţ߿ϼˣȴЦԡȤ
˵һṩơһвϣ
ʵƺһѡ񣡡˼ţȨš
ڵȴš


377 շ
˼˰֮󣬷̧ͷʵղ˵ģģ
ȻϿ϶Ӧüͷһ壬˵м£˵ǰ档
˵š
ҵû˵ô໰ԭĴǣֱӽ£ȡľѪң
Ѫ㣿
ط㾫Ѫܿûһʵ֪ɫһ䣬ʵأ
Ӧ㣬ǣҲðգ
Ҳ˵㻹ҪȡҾѪˣ
һأûҡͷǿ϶صͷܸϵģкܶˣҸϣΪЧ˸ĲϣǲҲҪΪЧأ
Ȼвˬ
ûڣ˵벻ᣬȥðգһնð򣬺ȷǻҪң
ҪҲѪأԸأ
Ҳٵ㣬Һ˵Щֻ֪ʵȻȫò˵ƭľѪ
㻹ûлشҵ⡣
ЦˣʵڱƲѣұȭͷɣ˵Ҳ˵ģ
һһ£Ѿܾ춯أʱҪƿأʵ߻治ô׽ܡ
ǣ᲻ġо
Цֿ˿ڣҽ꣬ʮ꣡
һ仰˵úĪȴǾһȵⲻܣ
ûƭ㣬Ҳòƭ㣡
ʮ꣬Ҫľ磿ʵܹôֲһ˲ʳ⣬ôһʵҲһţҲһʱ䣬ǰˣʮ
֪Ϊʲô
Գϵʻߵ˵ͷ
ӦҵңȻͻ֪
ԥţֵһ֮Ҹɣ
۾һ£ǸɽǡЩϣǰ˵ΪһУۻԺ֮˵㣡ֻһ꣡
ҲҪһꡣ
òһҲԾȡ˾ѪҲ뿴ôģϽӹѪת
þѪ˲䣬߻һԼıˡ
ϣһؿסߣһؿ޿棬ҪöˣһޱȣһǶͷð˺ٿһҲͻᳬˣҵԪаƾԪˣȴЩ
ߵͷǰͷһĲҰףȴͰ͵˵ǰҡˡҡ
֪̫ˡ
ûʲôûʲô֪Ҳ֪жҲ֪ʲôͷ״ˡ
Ϊһ𣿡
ҲҰɣסңһΪЧġ
㲻ʸ񣡡
ǰҡ
ʵҪģǰζ⣬ץס𣿡
ǰĹҰɣĹң
òţһ͹ˣ
֮𣬹ͷ㻯һŻҽһҺû߿տһ΢΢𶯡
𣿡ʵϵ˵ͷ鲻Уһ࣬ϲߴߣһӽе˼Ҿͻзܹ𵽵ãͻۿۡ
ʲô£
Цʲô֣
𣡡
з㻹𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ɻ󣬷͵ΪзôƵȲϵĿ̾Ͳ˵ˣλʲôȰȵȣһܳκһؽڣκһϸСʧ󣬶Ƴз˵ǰǼзǰƳġ
㹻Ĳϣʲô㣬ʱܹƳһţ
һһţ
ƵϣʱܹʵˡţԺţҪ򲻹ˣӳһѷȥըֲ嶫Ź֣
ȫһ֪鲻ǿǣһһţҲֱ˵㿪зĲҪĲϣҸ׼
Ҳϻֱžžͱһòϣÿ˵һϾڴָӳһҲνĻԵĲϣϵĴָﶼС
һħƤ
ħƤܹ
󣬷ǰĲϣֱһСɽ
۷Źâ̿ˮֽƵõĲϸһһϣԱ㵽ʱռ
ϣ鴦꣬зԽԽá
ãȻãƷҵȤڡȻֵ飿ʲô飿
٣ץ
ϸ˵꣬ͶȻȵУ
У
ְҹҶӦҲȥܣȥ޿ǰ㣬Ψ֮ǴӣĽ׳˾ѪԼóգɴ𲢲ΪԼǳϵ¡
̬˼£Ϸˣܶĳʱ򣬻Ǻõġ
Ϊ֮䣬ζ˵ӣɡ
ζ㡭
ǻҵζЦ˵ôҲôС㣬ǧˣһӦģԣӣ㲻õġ
˵Ĳ⣬㲻Ҫһ𣿡
ζЦڱ׵ϣõֻɣ
ϵͷ
ǵʱǲͿټˣ
ǡ
İɣӣһչ˺ԼġζȷǺһһֱһߣûߣӵİȫбϣζ֪Ŀʲôһ·ƴҲٲ²⵽һЩԣΪһЩ£⡣
ңζԼĴ㣬Ϊһ˵ҪϴӵĽŲѣǣԴֲһֲ࣬ǰĺš
УζŷѧϰѧϰôƷҲǿܸӴʲôζҲҪѧƷӦΪ°ɡ
ϻڿǣζһŮˣһ佫ĳ佫ּٵĳ佫ܲסһǧ׶֮ͽ᲻ζʲôΣա
ǰ㽫ҺúúǻţΪ£أҰɡ
ζٴ˵̧ͷζǣļᶨ
˵ãǣζӦһЩ£
˵


378 죬ζ
Ҫñܺһ𡣡
ζͷֻܣ
һ̤ڵϣζ֣ǿ˶Դ
»ԪָҪš
Ҿܾ
ţ
ζȻִûнӹֻ˵ӣԪָϷӵãСС
ǡ
ӣ˵֪꣬ڵңΪԪָңڹؼʱ̾һҸЦţֻǣԪָõԪܳܵģ˵ҸռǱٵԪֱӸݽˣͲһԪָܸİȫϣ׵ΣգҲҪúõģҪʲô£һܵĵģԣֻҪչ˺Լչ˺ҡ
˶ΪԷţȴûע⵽۾ɻ֮ɫĿ⣬ŻԪָ·ʶȴ벻
˵ˣбܺͷ˭Ҳ۸ңһ̳һֻ
ջ˻Ԫָ룬ִӴָҳüƷƷζеҩԪʯһ࣬ζûоܾŹӹЩ
һߣؿţСʲôˣҲ̫˰ɣ
һأʵζôЩˣ
ζתŷ𣬡Ҫϵ֧ˣҪ˵һЩһЩԺ飬Լˣ
Ҳͷŷ𣬷ȷЩ²ڳûշ֮ǰùͷǽ磬ΪֻҪǰʱϲϾС
ҲɵģųҪӦҪӣ˵û⡣
һҪѡŵĸ죡
Ҫʱ䣿
ζһ£ʱ㹻ˡ
Ǻãζ㣬ͷȥѡŵ졣ϻǲģҪһЩ֣ܵر֤ζİΣ
ζǰӵ˳һ£ȻϷϣһȥҲζߡ
Ƭյϣǧˣʵʵվ˸Ҷǿ棬һߣǰǸŮֻܣǵĹԴǸǿ֮ˣ׷ʲô
ǧ֮УеĿŷɫͱˣŲһֻ֪ĴڣһЩ֮ˣ͸˿ˡ
ûйܹŵ񣬺ŵЩˣҲһʶȻû᲻ʲôõѡ˽ڿһţζʾܡ
һХ˾ס˲ԡ
ʱŷϳڴӵ·ϣζѾҪϵʲôȫ˵Щ
ֻ˵Ӵ˿𣡡ָζǵ죬Ψһ죡
ʲô
˾ȳȫ֣в֪ϸˣʵǵĴأ
ˣ
֡
ʵˣͷһᣬһͣҲ˵ʲô֪пܳ˱ʣţǲ֪ؼʵô˭ɱ˴죿ʲôˣ˵죬͵죿
ǣһŮģôܵ죿
ҽг佫Ϊ
ֵǣŮǵͷϣҪΪ챨ɱˡЩƺǰϸǴĿ־壬ЩȺĶţЩ֪ϸˣȴ˵ǻˡ
Ȼձϡ
ԾУзɳһɫâղųģȫһغˡ
˭ģ
ǧˣûһһƬžղŲģʬ壬˭ǵҪԼСȥңܷڿеߣȻ֪ζʲô
û˷ԣ˻ȥζʱ˵Ȼû˷ԣԺҾǵ죬˭вģ³ʯ
˵ζȡ뽣һն£ʯ˷ĩ
Ȼٽ˵ҷ𣡡
ֲڶʱȫԡ
棬Ҫһ죡
ζ⻰һȫ䶯ˣոջ඼һ˲䣬Ϳʼܵϸ죬ζûֹۣǳ֡
Զһߵأվ棬İŮˣΪһһС
̸۵òˣζֹܽζëԼʱ䣬ǾԼܹʤθģԼվ
Ӻζǰվ˰˸ˣ˸ˣкü֪һˡ
ζͷǧ˷ֳʮӣÿһˣÿһƼһμӸľѡ
һڣֻȥԼʮӡ
ʮӺʮнվζǰζǱԣʤ
ԻڣʱԼҪһʱ
ʮ˸˶Ѫ˶ʤѷ֣Եһˣһнڶһһн˵һЦݣΪԼ϶˸졣
Ȼζ˵˻һԣıԡ
ζûʲôıֻ˳϶Ըİ£ôӦԣȻصȫˣҲǻȫ༰Ķ
һ⣬һ˾ˣҲʾ֭ţ˺һѿ˵˵һֱӣҸطΪ˳ٻ𡣡
𰸣ζ֣У
Ŵζ⣬˵һһġСۿʮ˸˾Ҫ˵ˣζЩŭôһţȴû˻شΪϱߡ
ڣڶֻشˣشȻȫһ£ȴҲԶ˽ݻ⣬ҲͬС졣
ãԺǺŵĸ죡
⻰ȻȻ֣Ͻ˵죬
˼˸죬˶̾رǱԵһˣԹޣζ˵ղűԵǰʮһΪŶӳ
ζָűԵһ˵˵㣬ǺŵĴӳ
Եһ⣬кùһ㣬뵽ûû˸Щƽ⣬ڻûʧ֮ʱһѹϮʱһϢĸоְ㣡
˻عϽζ˵ױԸ
˵⻰ǹѹɢ
ζһһ˶ӳӳȵȣ㵽˭˭ҪûеһʱӦѹ٣ѹȻǷĹ͡
ζʱ֮ڣںڽһΪ׵Ȩܹζʮӳ˵ڣȥѰԼĶԱÿӲܳһˣ
ǣһȡ
Ǻ֮󣬷˭Ҫˣʲô˵֮࣬Ǿͱĺˡѹ˵˵꣬һȭԱߴȥֻԱһ鳬ľʯֱӱϡá
Ļ棬һȭͷҲҲԪֱô͹ˡ
ǧٴл뷨ģˡ
ζŶ˵ߣ


379 ֱͬ
һֱΪǺŵơ
Ȼվڳǰʱŷ֣뷨شΪ֮ǰΪƷվڳ
սһĻʱֱڵ벻ףΪʲôһȻ佫ôң佫ŵģǳȴվŵġ
ʲô֣
ϵĲһæСĽ
ˡСġ֡
һξѪ
⡣
˵Ҫ˵һ𣿡
ͷ˲Ժܽͨͨ俼飬ҵ˸죬ȻôȥѪӦûʲô
ܵǹҪѹٳɣϵؽһξѪ
ϵתһؿƵĶֻһҲɣûп޿ʱɣ̾ҪϽڶС
ǲмȥһģΪζİΣ룬Ҳ
Ȼһը֮һϢԺֳǾԺǰ佫ˡ
֪Ժô𣿡
Щģȴò˵֪
Ļú£ŷչ׳ͬһʱ䣬һ֮㽫ָɣ˵ɵϣɫź˲١
ϵȻϣŻ׷оԼ磬ȫһƬڰʲôûоˡ
ζһԲһ䣺ҲԶںŵġ
󣬸ǿϲ仰˼Ѿˣúûʧߺܻźš
ǰģģһú¡
ȥɣȥǣҺԼ£ٽǵ¸ҽҪһ㣬Ժûϵеˣֻ죡ĳˣ
ǣкȻСͬ佫Ϊ졣
һ㣬γս
ǣ
֮СƬյȥ
ζ˽ˣʲôʱϣӦʲôʱִ׵ζҪôúȥһЩ֮࣬ϻ˷ٵԪʯ͵ҩԪʯȻƷԪʯҩҲƷײ֮ǳϲԼ⣬Ϊ÷̶ϱֳľȫзһŷҲǶһ
һж֮󣬳Ҫ׵ˣζһִ࿴ԳֶҪúñζڷˡ
ûζµֻ˵ζһֱųϵıʧôζǵһϷֿζžӨ⣬ȴ˵ֱΪһθõ࣬ӣңһúܺõġ
˵꣬ζɽԷ˵ϣ뿴ô𣿡
ֻҪҾУѾæµ
ģģҾ;ؿšζȻ
Ѩ⣬š
˵ζѧϰϺŵ£˵Ǳߡ
Сû״ԼһͨĴ׵ȥòһθı䣬ƽƽڱ˿Ҳˣǲһ֡
ңϵΪҲǳ佫ǳ
һȥ׵ĸɫУҲ׵һ֡
ǳϻԳ佫Ϊܵ׵ϣǾͲǵ͵Ǹߵˣ룬һ棬佫ô˵Ǻۺעһɡ
֮⣬Գ佫Ϊϱ׵֪Ҫܶ۸ܶѣ
չʾЩ鷳ʹڵؼˣڵʱˮԪ֮ʱᱻЩΪ˷ϣǳʺϡ䲻⡱
һ·ȥûζߣϻЩϰߣ˼еŨϱŬƴŹһһ롣
д֮ʱ´ڱѩʱҲ
ֱʱ޿̲
·У׵ԽԽڵˮԪҲ̶̼ʱ䣬Ҳϸ췭ظı仯ȵõˮԪ֮ͻöˣˮԪ䣬֪ľԪںδ
ţ۾һУüͷһ壬űһСֵܣ
תͷȥˣһģ˷ɿһԾ֮˳ϵǰʵֵйθɣ
ϲϰһİΪֵܣھҪҲֻ˳ƶΪ͸Į
ǰȴδ˵̨Ҳǰ׵İɣǽͬУΣ
ҲϵԷĴĿģȻ޼ҡҡͷ˵˼¶ˣϲͬ·
һƺŻᱻܾĵ̨ѵ֪ɢߣľ൱ΣյģУҲиӦ
л̨ˣһǲϰߡޱҪȻͬУ磬ǿΪǿʳͬУ˵Ѿ϶ΪЩһ·⵽ˡ
ȻϲǰнҲʲô鷳ԣٴξܾ
ϵ̬ȺǼ̾˿˵ֻ̨˽ǰ
ʲô
һǵ˵ǰ׵·ˡ

һڡɵɸˣЩССɵҪȥ͵ýһʵԪʯЩɵɢߣ͸ȥˡ
׵ҲСǷ𣿡ɻ
´һϣ˵ֵܻ֪׵һ׵⣬涼ǱкüǧߣǵΪͷɲȥڶϣȥԪҲĹˣǾֻ·һΪҲţ
ôһﷴǰȶˣԪʯǱУЩ˵⡣
ϳĬΪѾųϣ¶Ц˵ЦԣҪͬУƾһ˵϶Ҳϲ˵ģΪͨһš
ˣܴù𣿡
Ȼֻˣͨ⣬Ѿۼһˣ˶󣬵ʱҲ˵ıǮǣֻҪ˶ˣܹȥĵ˵
ֻ¹ȥ㣬Ұɡ
۾һâ˲ʧЦֵôأͬʹ࣬һɱȥ
ֻһһȥˣ϶Ҳֻǵڻҵ
᲻϶ᡭһ˵˺üᣬȴǡǡ˺ü£СӣеѲ
Ҳǣ˵еԪʯҪȥƴ
⻰ɫһ£켴ޱȲõþѩһӭչľջ


380 һ
ų˾ջдСžţȴûע⵽ǵĹճļ
ϵǾ仰ɲй¶ģǹ˵ģ
̨
ֹסϵļԱʾ飬ȴתˡ
ֻ£ֻ֣ڿС
紺Цݲ٣¶ģһһССĳҲô񣡼ֱǲ֪
ţ˫ָɽɫҫҪһʱȴȻͷ
һͷָһ£ģҲһ
ôҲ벻ףΪλ˷Ӧ
Ҫɱң
⼷˼˵ȻˣֻǸоЩЩЩ䣬ȡ𡣡Ϊ˵Ļȼøˣ˵ţůͶˡ
ЦܲЦ˵꣬ǰߣϼ׷ǰЦ̨ȻԪʯΪЩɵˣ϶ὫԪʯù⣬Ҳȥ
ģ
Ȼġ⶯һ£ʱã˵ǰͷ¶һߣһҲǳԪʯһڵĵȴ˵Ҫãòһڵ˵ò͸Ͻ˻ȥ޷ֻˣ˻ԪʯʱһڵĵӾͲˣô˵ҲŭˣԪʯһֱ֣ӱһڵӸ飡ԣȥΣյġ
һ˼״˵ģҲ㲻Ϻ죬Ϊһڵȷó뵽һڣǸһĨЦݣǾ˳һİɡ
˵ǺãҺһһ𴳹ȥ
̨Ͷϵľջ䣬ͣ˵óϷĵĻظűƱڻң֤֮ͨġ
ֻţҲţ㵽ˣÿȴţ̨ҽ̣أ
ϣ
˵ȻΪϡǼųڱѩչյǰȥ
ԼһʱңųϵһѨǰﻹûе׵׵Ѿܽܽˣܱ׵Ӱ죬ҲΪұ׵Χ󣬱ǰһ֪ʲôԭֱ˲²׵ˮԪĴڡ
ѨǰɲǿտҲվˣн߽ҲŮЩ˿ʹ󺰵̣㣬ʲʰ
Цʣһķʣ˵㹻Ԫͨأ˵ʲʣ
Ƿʰ
ϰѾϸΧ˶ΪĿǰľ֮£ųΪĴ㣬ǸӲˡ
ʲôʵ
ǰ㰡
ң
ǰ㣬Ϊ˱׵ǿ϶ֻ·һΪ˲㽫Ĵָ£ǾͿȥˡ
ԭ٣
Ц˵ôôأ˵ˣڰ㣬ֻҪ´ָͿˡ
ҪҲأ
ֻһˡ
ŶЦˣЦó˹Ž˭ԣ
ųеĹŽһسջǰϵ񣬲֪զأסһнȴǺȻ֣ȵ
һƬѤãư㽵ڳͷڽҪڳʱӰһٳʱнվţǰѹŽĵﴦ
ÿٶȣùԺͬʱͷ
ʲôн˵仰һƬ⣬ɢӰ٣ʵ˵⽣ҪǴ̽ȥʲô

ġ
̣ҲҪԪʯˣҲҪˣ̽ȥȻ״̽ȥʲôǿǵһ٣ΪûˣͽһĽ֡
ҪԪʯ
һ㶣켴򣬡ҸҸҸ㡭˵ţ߽Ԫʯͣ˵òô鷳ֱӽָҾˡ
˵ֶסȡᣬŽǰһ֣Ѹޱȵٶȣ˴ָ˳óһŵҩ˵Խȥ
ʲô
Իǲԣ
ҡ˵һʣоŽ֣˵ҩЦ˵ǲǸоЩʹ
˵˵ͷ
ֵһ֮ڣҲҩĻľͽήҲͳ˷ˣ
⻰нɴص˵ϣϲᣬתָӸ̣Ц̣˵ƻá
ʹգ۾ȫзʲô£ọ̈̄һ߸Ӻȵ̣ʲô˼
ʲô˼Ͻӹ˻ЦĴָȫɣֶ˵˵˵ģһָɾҵˣ
Ǳ˵˵Ҵû˵⣬Ҵû˵̸Ͻ⣬˶עϣϼ˵ţҿû˵ңһ𴳹ΪڣƭȻɱ˶ᱦȳԪʯܹȥˣ㻹˵ǲŲɵһӲƴһڣǾˣԣʵʵؽԪʯͷΪ֮˵ǺЩɱˣǵԪʯˣ㹻˹صˣЩ˵ģ𣿡
˵ٿĪ磬ȾóδûʲôĻʱ֪˼ұˣ͸ǵͼô˽䣬һ߽ȵ̣㻹ʲô˵ģ
˵û˵ǻ𣿡ɫ԰ף
Ϊǻ𣿡
̽еĴָӸϣȵ˰ɣ
ɫɶȴЦãָţһָġ
⻰ֱһѪ
ϵָȥۿҪסָͻݰһתŽ趯佣ʱвҽ߽ٶȣ˿ȥ
Ƚɢ˶ĳʹѣͷȥȴǴŴָָûˣ
̣Ҳһ
ָֻǵĶָȡ̴Թغȵ˰ɣ
вɫϵ˵ϧˡ
ȡǴָĶ
ָҪ
ղĽȷֻǲСĶѣôóѣ
ǾһΣ
ϺӰٶλλ


381 
ǰѳϵ㣬ȴȫˣ˸飬ҳûʩչҷնڶʽѸײڶ֮ƣǴŴָָ
һγʱˣҲȻ֣ľԪȻҲŷŭʹȫУŪĶ
һƬ֮Уֻ졣
飡飡飡
󣬳ϵӰսţ߽Ҫ׷ɱȥȴˣǸŮģǲͣشԼţǿźʲô
׷ˣûõģǶҩһҩȫӷˣԡЦ˵һ߽æǰŮģ꺮ůŮƿںȵҽҩȻ˺㣡
Ҫ˺ңԶҲòҩǾ͵ţһ֮󣬾ȫϰɣοãƾʵ˺𣿡
Ҫôʵ
ܼ򵥣Ƚ߽Χ
ǰصˣҲվԼֶͬҲܲ٣˵Ŀⶢ߽۾âŮĸǶԹĸ߽˵棬ң𣿡
ҡӣЩΪѡ
ңҾʹӦκҪ󣡡
Ŀâģ
Ů˵˵ͷʵô㣿
£Ůָָˣǳϣһ߽
޵ϲʹ˴򽻵
һ߽ˣнӦЩ鷳ټһ߽֮;ԱˣǱҶ֣
ǲ˵ͬھͬʱˣ˶ҩҲһ°ɣ˵ɫü죬ΪԳϲһη壬һʼüƣָǿǷ¶ҩԣԳϣǶ˸߽
ʱϽԪ߽̽ĴָԪһתֱ֮ӽ߽ڴָӡոɸɾ
ӡһɲǣ߽Ŀ¶֮ɫֱܣܡ
ûʲôܣҩɣҪҶ֣ҪҶֵĻϻҪһЩֱ۰ȰҲпడԴһġ
˵ŻϽŵҩ߽
߽֪Ǻãڳӡ֮Уһ˵ָӡȻɢδǿƳӡǾֻǶԷΪ˸ߣѾǸ߽ѵˣǳȴǳ
ҩǾȥҵ֣ҴǳƷߣȥ֮Ҿ͸ǽҩȻǸø͸ȥ
߽ɫδ
ְɣ
ǰȥҲ֣ŮˮϧĿ⣬棬һݣһڽҩ£
ӣƾͱ˶һϳϣǾһǸ߽ų˵˵ģģĻǽҩ
ֻҪȥûҾ͸ҩ
᲻֣
Ȼ֣
á߽Ҳ˵ҩЦ²˳٣Ǿ͸Ͻøղŵķȥҵ˰ɣϵص㣬
ΪԼС룬˷ֿȥִ񣬳ϿǱӰ˵һ䣺Ƿǵҹģ˵ű̽ǵĴָָԪʯĲ٣֪֮ǰѾжǵȦף
ʱ֮һнϽĴ̴ָϲϽһ˷֮⣬
зܱûзĺã̰οԼֳȥˡ
߸ʱѨǰѾۼʮˣһ߽ʮĶнϽȫǰЩˣԪʯ
ɫûϢһ˵Ǻһȥ˺ȺĶǰǸ棬һ̹ҩĸ߽
ͬʱһڵվ֮أһڵķڴһڵӣһ˵ʦ֣˵ܵ˻𣿡
ӦûɣǶƳˣӦûᵽ׵
ߣɱһڵӣܵĺǣҲֻ·һ
춼ˣӦû˴ذɡ
ǲˣأǶѾɱʮˣ
ֻˮԪջ̫ˡ
İɣˮԪ϶һڵ֮Ҳûܴﴳȥнʦ˭˭һڵĵӣ˵úţĿ濴ȥ
ֻһ˹ɵıһλߣ׷ƮƮĿţȻ࣬ǶǼкôԪΪȡˮԪҾ׵չʮ꣬ȡΪ߽ʱʸһطˣǸطǡ
ţͻЩпʦȥǸƣôأǻʵĸ߽ѾʸȥǸطˣֻʱ٣ʦˣǰЩǼӣҲˣ۱˭Ҷһڶ֣һʲô߽ܣ佫ɱ߽棬͸Ź졭
ѾԶˣȫȻ֪νİԵΪץ裬ʲôȡԪʯ˽룬ˮԪõ֮ǸĶѣ
Ȼϴ˿վǰҲϲ
ڳҪ߽ʱڼᣬ׼ж֮ʱһȴǵǰȺ߶ʮһˣ⣬ȫŮˣòףȫһϮ£ǧ˿ƮӦôĳַٶȺܿ죬ˮƫƫ־һУôгô
һŮ֮УǰһһλЩ⣬˰㣬ڴָǱڱϣһѽڱϣ˿ԵͻأȴƽһӢ棡
Ϊн
֮òƵŮӣ䲻Ǿ֮ʣȴҲʮֵľ£һ˵òһģһȫֲ֪˭ǽ㣬˭á
ͣ˽Ųüͷһ壬һڵĵӼһȺŮݹ٣ϽǰڣȻǻδߵýͺȵǰһҲ
ޱȣƱѩضҪ䣬㣡
һڵЦһͣоһƣ뵽ԼһڵģɲƣԻǰǸŲṳ̂ڵϣֻһһڵӵĽžҲ䲻ȥ
һȴ˱˱ϵɫ飬סˡ
ԭŵϼݵʧԶӭӱ˳ǰҲһ֣סǵıȫڻˣǴûгֹ
¶âһ֣õĲǻȴǴԪͽˣн࣬Ʈɽϵ
һԽԽԵˣǲҲҪȡԪʯñ䡣
һЦϾУ
ߣ
һ˵⣬ϣߣ
һԽûҲѧһȥŮƮƮһڵĵӣȫڴŲ۾ʡ
һŮûȫͨʱڣȥ
߽һ㶣һɶôùȥ
ɳһǶõĻᣬƴˣ
ƴˣ


382 
ƴˣ
ƴˣ
ƴˣ
֣һһصƲƣһȦ׷һȦ˳һ߹һֱӶײײս⣡
س
ͬˣƾʲôһڵ˾Ҫ߸ϣǾҪӲд
ѵǾԸԶôȥͲ߸ϣͲǵ
ȥǾпõˮԪͿܳΪ֮ˣ
ƴһѣһѣһѣ
ƴˣ

ЩĵĻħ䣬ЩɢǵѪǰܵøˣ˫ôôᶨеķ̺Ԫ
ͻɽ
ڿ̰ɫϸղŵ̬ȣ˵ĻһֱΪѾһڡ
뵽ɫͻһ䣬üëһعͷһȺ˳ķǹһĨЦݣȵһȺСҲһڵʥ
ɱ
ϼȻ֣ǻбһɱ
ɱ
ʮˣ
ʱɱɱ֣սֱ죡
¡ġɱλͣ˽Ųתڣ뿴˭Ҷһڣɱ֣
žµĴüͬʱһɱͬʱһ鶯źڱʯӣͬʱתңٴҵ󣬶󶨸м䣬ϵľɫôһ޶ǲˣһվӰ㣡
ʦЩ˭ͬʱ
ȴûлشֻȫע˺ڴ
Ѿһڵӵ֣飬ɱǣٽǵʬ壬ȫסַߣ֪սһȨģһ³
˵úܴһֶشĶȻĶüβףⷬھںɳӰɱӺ
һʮӣѾǽսһ߽ɱǰ棬һ֣ľУһǳֱĹƸֵȥһڵǹƣ
󣬱͸ƴɱѪս
һĻɫúڳʵⶼһڵϰھӸˣһΪأѾܾˣﻹõǸó˺ݵʽټǵľûеֲΪɫԻľ磬֪ŵŮǣǱչʾһ棬˵һ桭
һΪһֻΪҫ
һ䲻⣬һִӦս
ԣڿս֮һ·硣
ŵһڳԿϸЦݣ켴뵽нȺ۶ôºҲֻ·һˣһ䣺ϧˣ
ûг֣㿴һһڵӣ˸ΧɱҲûгȣһеǾӢǰЩں֮ڶʰˣҲֻˣ
һƬսУġġƵġĵȵɫѤޱȵĹâҷɡ
ϻԪڣû˫ȭʾ⺷һнһ󣬳ϲ̫¶ԼֻǽŽУһâɴƥХһһнĲӻѪֱڿգԴڵء
Ӱһתպתһ߽ǰ߽Ϸ齣⻮£ϽŲһ磬ŽǰһͣһͷѾſѪڵͻ̽ĵ֮С
㡭
ֻ߽üһڣ㵹ڵϣһֻֻŲˡ
ϵӰƮһһ˵ԣ䣬ϻ˵öָŽĴָöָȻһöнģһöǸոձƵĸ߽ˣ
һ£¡
һڵĵҲеô£ôսʤһˣҲɱʿɱ˸ͷƶǣǽһ
кɫ״ն£ƽƸʵâɫģյȫϸϸ룬ɻꡭ
ϣֻڵ͵͵ϮţŹŽոŴָ
ʮϢʱ䣬Ͼۼʮˣ͵Ӷʮ֮࣬ʧ൱أһʮӣѪ֮С
ӽһһ
ȻгϹֻһˣһѽͽ߸
һڵĵӣŭˣɫˣڵÿ㣬ҲڳϣرǳϵǰѹŽ
̡˳ϸĵҩˣоЩԾҪҵƴɱǻսԪľԺܴ󣬵ȴоԴԴϵԪһ
о֣Ҳûȥ룬˵ҲûʱȥǻͲԪ޾أ
̵˸۶ظڳ󣬳̵ִһн֮Ӱߣ˵仰ѾɱһһˣʹѾɱʣµһ롭
ֵǣѾɱһĵˣֻʣһˣƴһ˵ĺøˣһڵĵӣеĺŭˣеĺˡ
ŭ£ǶǰزȺģһ
ֱǷӣ
ʣһȺˣ溺ӣϧϧ
ʦ罫Ǿͬʱ˵
ĬţȻҡҡͷ˵ܾȣҲȲãǣžͻ鷳
ƶǶȴ˵ֻĬĬؿţѪɫıȾɺɫмڿз裬Ⱥ溺ı׳֮裡
ʮϢʱ䡣
ϵˣʣʮ߽
һڵģֻ߸
µӵҲȥԶվûߵŵӣֱĿ⣬ȫϣ
ϻǸƽģʹֱ۾ŹŽȴһ־ٲĸоҲڿųϣųϵıģ۽⿴Զûаһڵţּسϣô֪Ųֵģ
ɱһߣɱ⣡һһڵӣǰɱһķȻ֮ӣʲôʱԹ˴
һ˳ɱ
ˣȻɱʧȥǣԺֻһͷɱȥˮԪɱȥ
ϣ̧ǧֱۣ
һҪһνɱһʱֱ̧еĳϣˣ
׹ذ㣬һӳ嵽˵ǰ档
ţγӰ
һڵɫ䣬ſڣߵͫ𾪣ʧ˻ȥ
˻ûлع
ߴɱǾܽ׵ˣ
ͬʱ˿һӰֱ
ǹŽɭ
ӰȻ


383 Ϊǿ
ʱ̣ٲأȻһٳ֣ɱʣһڵӡ
ΪȻĿǡ
һ٣һʮˣһˣ͵ϮͲ͵Ϯûʲô𣻶ҪǵʮһƴʤʮҲʣһˣԺľƣް
ԭֻһһ¶£ðһգн֣Ǿܸ˺
ԣҪʮ˵İȻʮṩ˶ٰܻȥһЩ鷳ٸɣ
ҲǳϺȻֵԭ
ʵڳϱʱ۾һ£ûüͷһ𣬳ѾɱӰ裡
ϴ߽ĳ֣ҲǺԥûȫյľУһ̣η壬һսоĪļԵ˷ܡ
桢̸ںɱս۳һɣϮ
ûˣֻĿⶢųϣһҪѻʯ𣿡
һ֣Ԫһʮеȵȣȫںһ𣬹עڹŽ֮УԪָĴָ֮ϣٴκȳΪǿ
ǿָ䣬ܿһž죬ǱϢҲüΪң
֮ǰǳϱֵúܳѰɽȻûзеֻǲΪȻֻӣֻϲ㣬ֻΪžԵʵ
Ȼٴγ쳣״ʱɫˡ
Զ۾ȴǴΪһ
ɫ΢䣬ȴûԾжܣЦнһĹҪܵĻͲûˣңŵĵӣһԿţҪ㣬Ŀɲһڵ棡
˺һҲãܣ
ˣΨһѡӲ
һϷʣèϷһЦΪǿҿôǿôǿ
УһͻȻЩ;˰գȻбϮȥ
ңЩ۳ɵ״һֻޣſѪڣ¶ݣֱҪһɵ
ûкнΪ졢ԼЩսĻڽһ֮£˵ЩãȻʧ룬֪Ǻ֮У
ǣϲսˣŽϷḻս飻֪ЩǱȾʯҪӲĴڣҧסѪɵĽ֡
Ƕһ˵ģȫȻûȥܣֻһ£ϣһȦ
һĻЩͺˮϺ㣬һ㣡
ϴӱ֮д׼ģǽн壡

۹ⶾԳûʲôӰ죬һӾ׳ϵǵȦΪΣȴûʱΪϵĹֻ֮࣡
ߣ˲ѡ
ɱӿֳ֣һ̣ͨɫʵı߳ŭ˵óľ񽣣ҲֵˣȪ֮£԰
ûлػֻȫһڹŽ̵
ֻҪУǰнǸ߽Ǿֻķݶ
ۿŽҪһ뽪ڣʳȴͻسһպõס˹ŽĽɱ
ŽԪָ࿹ȴûܻٵѱʳǰһ̺ۣʳƷףҲǸ߼ˣ
ĽȻǡǡ˵ľ񽣡۾ȵ˹űϣֱǱû˹Žɣ
˵ţľ񽣲סϹŽһ֣չŽץȥ
񽣵쳣ó΢΢һȻȴû˿ɣֳȭ۽Ԫ֮ţͻ֣
ٶ֮죬Ϣʱ䶼ûڽץ֮ǰڽţ
һȭ֮ʢƥΧһ𶯣ֱȥ
ʽֱб˳ʮ׵ӡ
нϾӲԼ˵
ֻǣһĨѪ죬ڱѪΪۣԶÿһĻһ˫Լͬգ£Ӧͬʱ˵ˣ
оһȻóн˺һýˣͬʱҲ룺ҪǻңܽĹ𣿡
Ƭ֮ó˴𰸣ңֻ±ȽĽңƽĳϣԺͻظһͷˣӦ
ٿÿһ䣬ÿһϸ˷ŭȻȻˣһˡ
ԼˣûнһΪֻǷѣû뵽Ȼ˿ֲʵʵôֻһ
˭
ȵȫͷֱ죬Ȼķŭһ
òռϷĳҲܣɫȲ԰ףһһȭȥ˳ϴԪر񣬺ЩԺţнԪ๵ͨȣɲֹǿһʮľԪڱѩ֮Уˮľ˵ǼΪģ
ʻ˵ֻһȥ׵ˣ
˵ѣ
ȻƾһڵİԵΪ˵ѣǾ˵Ѱɣν˵ţ˳Ϣš
㵽ʲôˣ
ϴʵ˵ղһȭܰɣǲǸо棬Ҫ˺Ѱ㣿
۾ѾǿóŻܡ
ȴܲˣֱ˵Ϊǿ㷨۰ɣ
죬
仰Ҳ˵ģ

оԼϣһһαǰСӼ̤Ѿôԣȫƻˡ
Ҫģֽ
׳գϻ֮Ҳ˦ǻضԿˣЩƴɱţЩûɶӰ죬˵ȴôöԸġ
ǣǿϽ˴ѪиǴ󶨣սӿһ£Ҳ˱Ľˣ˵ϡ
ɱˣɱͿ򣬾ͿԴ׵Ϳһսˣ
˵ĹϮ
ȫΪֹܱľУ
ŭƾǣ룬Ҫʹ
йţûľ񽣣ֻһƣǰǸȥ˸оΣգͻһţȴ˲뵽Ѿ·ˣ·ӣѪʱһ
ˣӭϽһֻ֡
ϺУйŽһƿգ
Х
콣Ļǵ


384 жԾ
ǧվ
Žʱסһɲǣϲӵһǿ
ᣬֻһɲǡ
ΪˣǽнĶ֡
ԣϱץס
ĽҷնڶʽĽԪתһ߻ŹŽһֻֻȡѴѵĵҩ
оϿմв۾Щ棬ýܵвľǺɫļ֮ǰһȭҲҪǼ֮Ĺͣһɹľ
ƾ㹦򣬾Ը𣿼ֱǳ룡ס߽˷ܣһֻ֣ճˣľ񽣣ӭ˳ϣ
ͻأ۾гһ죬ã
һáˣרĶԸϣ
ֻΪҷնڶʽ似Ǽת˿ѵصʽϸտʼȫһǴΧĹޱȣȴǶԽ𲻵ʲôвãҲֻǽ˻ӣɱУǿѵصʽ
似ӴΧĹתȫһмûһӲȻޱȣ·͸ģ
ʽеϤһǽԪ
ôһ䣬ȴûϳһϸıΪõ任̫ȻֳִؽͨɵĹŽϽ似һͬʱΪùŽҲ˱仯
ԣֻɻ
ûмɻȥʱ䲻йŽֱԴ룬һȣľ
ʱطƶ
һľɫâܣտʼֻǹ㣬˲͵ü׳㣬䳤ĽâûֱϴȥŮɢһ˷һҲ
ֳľ񽣵ĵطȴһУҵĽâĽâԽ࣬оԽƸ
У
ɣʵ÷飡
Զ֮ɫŨҪ𣿲ȵĻСӱȻһ似ǿ󣬵ľ˵㣬ǵΪҲ̫ࣻҪǾ˵ĻžͺһڷˣǺһڵŭſɳܲ𡭡
־֮ɫж˵Ϥĳһ̶ֳ˵ܳɳĵزоϢϢأܲɷ֣ҪõУټȡԪʯеԪҪõУͨҪУǡԽͳͳҪõС
Ȼ϶еҲһѵصʽǱоУӴͻᱻߣɽеһ֡
ʱ򣬲ĹЧҲҪܵв
һ˲䣬ϵ۾ֳɫ
ƴˣ
ڳԺը죡
һλУһУ֮ǰûùֻȴ붼ûǾҲһУǼ֮򵥵У̺Ԫ̺âչС
һдû似ʹΣΣ
һеһУ϶֪
ȼеս⣬ƴˣ
˵ϴӾȵУֻʯһ䡣
УǾͿ˭У
ϴӼ䣬УҲԹŽȭͷΪģУˣڵĶһʮУҲԷ̬ת
رǣƵʣڵƵʣӽ
Ͽʹйص似ֻССؾȶѣϵ似ǾǾˣвһκȵ㵽ʲôˣôᡭ
ҲںУǵĹɱȫ˿ն˽ϣȻȴûаӰ죬෴ȴȥѪ˼ء
ôܣǳѵн𣿡
ʲôн
ʲô׵ģƴˣӾͲǵĹһ㶼ûã˵ʲôǷһ϶˺ֻǿѣ
ǣƴˣ
ˣѪٴγȥ
ѾȫϸסˣȫӦųǸٱУֳܷһעԸǡ
жţϵӣҲͣ˰У
ʹԼ䣡
˾Ҫٴɱŭ֣ղǵĹǷ˵ҲϸС˺οǰǰӲסǵĹ˵һķס˹ĵԪҲǴޱȡ
ƽʱԪ˵Ͳʲô
ɴ˿̣ÿһԪҪģƴҪȡľԪľԪʵ̫٣
Ƕ֣ϷĹǣһҲĹǣӵĺǣҲὫ׷ɱ
ˣᣬɱ룬ɱһн⽫Ƕô춯ص£ɱָеıҲȫǣ
˱߿Уߴ̣
һҲ¶ϲЦݣȷһнĴָĺöԲ٣
ϵĻòᣬľǸУҲһץסᣬ±ƽһ㣬ԽԽУ಻֮࣡
̶̵ߣڴ˿̣ͺƳ½Զľ룬еԽԽ󣬳ҪӽУҲԽԽѣܵĿ类˺žžһ죡
һԾްĽû۾ɵһҲ۾Ҳ֮ɫ΢ţСӣ˭Ҳһ似似һڴӲ⴫ؼ꽪Ǹȡ롰ȡƽȡǸб
ԽԽиûŵλȣҲŵȣˣǷµ鵹Ǻ˵һڵȨպôⱱϣ
ңнܣܣһܣ
Ҫʳɷ飬顭һ䣬ֶ˺ȵҪס֣֮ǰǷµĴҾ׷ˣ͵ʲôûз
˶һ£пǣǹɾһսģʼҡϾǱƲѣǿɲһнһһڵн
Ļˣѵһڵ˾Ͳ̫ˣһڵĻôţ
ϵĻǵּᶨʼŲ
ҷѪģһھ鷳
Ѫģͺͷƨһ
ԳϵԣŭԽ׵ۻˣȴòҧ˵ǲϱ׵ھǹȥȥһ㣬õˮԪĻҪһ㣡
һ˶ʱĸĿģ
ȻΪ˴أΪϱ׵ĿĴﵽﻹҪȥƴأһǿɲǺģݹ򣬻úȥˮԪ
Ǻˣͣ˽Ųת
¶Цݣ
ʵҪ𣿡


385 
Ҫ𣿡
ǲȥֻ봳أڴȥˡ
ȥˣͲùˣ
ǵĿģѾﵽˣƴͻˡһ߽شֱ׳Զûͬʱ˵Ƥ񣡡
ûзŭֹӲš侮ʯ飬Ѿϰˣֻضȼ˵ҩû˵뾭ȫ𣿡
һʣ˱ɳڵ񾭣ĵزɫҲѿļûзҩˣȴǲף˵ЦԼϣǾȫϣǳ˵ΰɣ
ЩĪĶԻȴһЩζڽнˣСֵһᣡ
µľƣЩСȴһɲݺӵǴ
ýţȻᣬҪüЩС֣ǽûκβˣΪ֮
ֻһþٴ󣬲ɫصĳϣ˵ǰôǾȫϣ
Ϊ̷һֶҩ֮󣬾ͻήٻһãڻûнû˵ǰЦˣɫ͵һ䣬ȫ϶һ˵ζʲôǿǱҪܡ
ֶҩôû˵ɫҲϵķӦ˵˵
Ǹղн˵˺ʹȵȵĸо
֮󣬽ЦʲôҩҩƷҩԪ衯ǲǰƴɱУоɵԪ಻ôҲʹ
ָо
ⲻͶˣˡԪ衯ҩЧǿ׬ˡЦúܲãΪʶ˳ϵļıоѹһͷΪ˶ġ
̧ۿȥϵϹž޲һɥҲޣеֻУμĽɫɫɫɫȻںһ𡭡
ô¶ֱֱ仯ܲԾ
˽Ľͣŭȵԭƭǵģ̫ˣ
һȥ
úĥɣӲˡ

ЩžҪתԶȥ̵ü䣬һɳŨŨ
Ǹһ
ͻȻһȣվס
ͣסŲعͷŽ¶ţнҲûǰǰİһǫʵǰʲôԸ
һĹ£ͶĻᣡ˵ųһЦ˵ֻҪǳ֣ɱҲǣһǳΪһڵӣ

˾ҲǾȡ
˵ĶģңҸղŲ²ġԪ衯дɱõĴָҲһ𣿾жҲ˶𣿡
ǰ˵ǣǰ˵ǳΪһڵӣ𣿡нǼҲòȥʵҲֲǣˣرһֻĴɣȥѣǵĵҲǴСģΪԱ֤ǵҳ϶ȣٻд˽ȥǾš
ɢߵʲôԪʯҩ֮࣬ҪԼԵĿ࣬ܵǳģΪС֮ССֿϣΪСɣҲᱻܶͲܾСҲӦҪԪʯǣǴŴأֽȥ
˽֮أ˵ǽһڣôܲ־ϲ
µػصȻģһǽһڣֻҪǳ֣ɱˣһڵĵˡ
£˵Ŀ⣬˳ϵϣĿȼȼɱ¾̵Ŀ⣬Щԥ
⸱ӣ֪֮ƣˣ
ûΪҲԣȥˣֻڸоǹɱ仯ڵĶһʮУѾ͵ǸеƵһ£еתٶԽԽ죬ƵԽԽӽƵʣϱоеǿ
ͬʱҲע⵽Խ£ܵǸеļѹתٶҲǼӿ죡
Ϊеתٶȸ죬ΪеΪתƵһ£Ϊشнƴ£¡
ҪЩҲ˼Ĵۣɫǲ԰ףȴ͸ѪɫΪвѪظ˳
ѪƳḶ́еʹԱ
УеԽԽ󣬳ǿƷƷǿӣȻбѵĸоѴﵽ⣬ִ⵽ڡ
תҪԪҲԶԶʹϲ̷ͣҩּͣȡԪʯԪȴȻԪȱʹɼ
еľʹеľʹȫΪˡƴΪˡս
ı֮ɫУڵľƿ˭Ӯ˭䣬ԤϣţֿʩչɱУӦùЩɱУڽһڵջ֮󣬴ɱй˳ϡ
׳գ
Ｗ֣ȻǷ͸ˣȲ˵ܲɱһ򲽣ǳɹˣһڣһнǸˣнһ㶼⣿һ㶼ϣ
Ȼǲܵģ
Ҳ̤һڵһ̣Ľ٣
ֻǣڵǣѾԻˣ뵽ôһڣҲȥţѡһڻؽǣʱߴ½һڵӵţǽޱȵ磡
ڵԪãûзɢԪȥֵ˵ĹҪӲΪ˻УҲˣԲΣգҪǱ£Ǿ֮أ
СӣҶԶˣʤȯգ˵
ϳĬƴѹ߱ߣһ߽ӽ
ۣ
³һѪҲѪڣûǺݺݸȥ
㣡
ۿ˵ĹҪڳϵϣȴͻֹסˣ
粽ģնģֻǻȭģԾеģϵģϲģɻġ
ȫסˣ
һһߵı
һӰӿƮ
ŵ
˫ҪըһѪʵʲôʲô˼
ϣҾû˼ֻ˻ҵĶ
ʲô
һָйŽѽҵģҪҪ˵һ˿ͻȻ˾ȣ
۾ųĴָϵĻԪָ


386 һ
Ԫָħӵķɳϼ̳С
۾ֱֱŻԪָ
ͻȻ֣˻ֱ˱Ȼ³ϣǴһ¾ˣһΣյ飬Բעͻ˵һڶеţҲܲ
ԣ˵еĹŽӦģڽ벻ţͲˡ
ǣ˵һ֮ʱͷ˳ĴָϵĻԪָϣʱ𾪣ָϣѵ˵
ʣȴǾ۸ʲôۣҲҪϾ
˳Ŀ⣬Ҳ˳ĴָϵĻԪָֿһ£ûʲôڶȣϣΪСĶôϣҪҽڣҲһô޴Ľڣʲô
һ³֣

Ȼģ̇֡
Ҫ֣ǳһˣڶӦҪͬһΪн֣³Ȼòԣȵ׵ϻкܶһڵˣΪҶ֣ǻ᲻֪һ֪㽫֮أ
ûᣬָ죬ǰѽȻʣ⾧ҫڿС
Ҷ֣ҪţҲű𣬱𣬴ӴԺţ
һ£ǰѽҲһҡ˲֮ȴǼᶨ
еЩˣϽеľѹ˰ߣܵıԽԽңڶʵѪһһƵشǣ˳
ʹǧֻ壬ԭ֮
ţƴţȴҲûдֱĿ⣬𾪵ɫﻹţʶԪָҪңѵħʦйϵš
ʱĽǱѪһڽһڣ£ΪʲôСӣرǸָ֮󡭡
ĿһĴָϵĻԪָȥһԺĳ䣬ͻ˹ʦ˵Ǹ˾һֻǿķرǷ棬ǷǰĴ
ţԺֳָǰϰȻӱдĻ棬һУδй𾪡ԾȻϣ߶ţѵĪǡǰСӺǸйϵֲֲҪӦѵûģܵģԲܡ
ʧ̬Ʈ˳µˣ
㡭ڷţҲܴ½
ˣᶨޱȣȴû֣Ϊ˿̳뽪⣬УڶԿţȴ໥ţﵽĳƽ⡣
óȻ֣ƽ⣬񣬶ֻûǿɽУ˵ͬʱеȴƽµĵز
ˣֻܵš
뽪Ȼ˵ֻƬɳѾһţ⽪ϳԪָˣǾãһҪɱ
һŨɱӳɢǹи˽ȥ֮УƺЩϸСı仯
ԼУ
ϴһȻǶ˵ġ
΢΢ͷ۾ԳϵͣΡ
𣡡
ϿХǱ죡
ڿХУǰ֮࣬䱻ѹ£
Уڶײһ
䣡
ܵбƥȫںһը֮УΪ֮ɫǲ֪Ἰǧı棬ѷ죬ѷ첻ĴָСĿֲѷ죡
Ѿ˿գҪϣбը̫ΧԪޱȣҵ͸ȥĵز
ֻüһƬͳ棬֪е׷ʲô£Σ
Щ
һ춯֮ը˱׵ڲ׵ЩѰˮԪˣɵӣ콣ŵӣնɵӣЩɢߣһڵӣȫͬһŤͷ棬ըĵطȵؿǴϿգͻ磬ѤĿۡ
׵ϵļϹ۾Ϭ罣˭֣ôŪ˴ģΪӦڸ߽Ƕ
ըĵطǱ׵Ľ֮Īһڳ⣿нʦڽڣӦòŶԡ
һʣµٶȣڸ뿴׷ʲôһڵģɵнնɵɵΪߣȫһԶڸȥ
׵ڴûɢԽԽŨڱɱˣбըһ˲䣬ֱӱըƬʯ飬ûһѪֻм˱֮С
뵱һڵӵ룬ⱬըУ
ãǾµĴϣҲǾȣǸˣȻôǳ𣿡
ϵ·Ѿûˣ¶˺۵Ѿ˰̺۵ӣһα˺ѿˣѪ˶
ǿӵĳϣˣˣҲ΢ӣڲͣأز
һǱը̫һǷ̫Ŀǰϵļޣ
ϵ״̬أнӴһɲǣһָоʯصĸоǾȫȥɳϵǸУǸе
ϧϵУһӾ͹˽еģġľɲǹӴȻըˡ
Ǳըܷȥȴ棬ֱӣһɱը
ϵķֱӸըƬǧٿףԺʶըͿˣеҲˡޡĵز
˲״ûвҺʹƴţȥҪɱ˳ϣúǸйϵˣϣԼ
㡭ôᡭСؼ
ôСöָ
㡭ġʲôˣ
㡭ס˭
ţһôҲ벻׵⣡
ҲڣţҲҪɱ˽Ϣȥģͽǵʦһڷ¾ɱţɱ죡
ܲʦĳŵʵ֣ǳŵǳϹڵϣͷѪ־ģ
֪
ϹЦ˵ѵص˵ͷ
Ȼ֪Ҿƫ㣡ڵŤøˡ


387 Ͳ
˵ƫ㡱仰Ѫͻؼ٣øˣȻǱòᡣ
ӣܲ𣿡ϼЦȽʲôʾ˵ǾҧҰ
ۣ
ѪҪǮƵģ³һڣ˫еԹޣΪŨнȴ˵ȥҧʲôȥҧȴһýܡ
㡭ء
һнȡҵܵ˵ӣôҪҵΪнΪͿԸ߸ǰֻһ϶ѡϼ̼Ž
˵ЩѪһڽһڵţµԽ࣬ϾԽǿġ
Ҫɱ㣬Ҫ֡ɱ㣡
ãǿ쵽˭
˵仰Ͳֻȫֻֻ֣ϣַֻǰֻ󡭡
һнһڳеһԱޱȣӵԪǿĹͨǵؽʹõҲǵؽ似һڵĲؼһΪԾס
˿̣ȴֻһƽˣͨ˶Ȳˣֻһ˰㣬ڵأǰȥÿһ϶Ѫ
ǰľ޴ҲýǳӦȫʧȥǣֻһͷһҪɱϡ
ϻʹţȴţһʹָۣһɱҪģҪȡԪˡ
ŽѾɢһߣһ˿ԪҲޣȡҲȡԪʯȡҩ
ǣҪڽԱǰȡԪˣΨн
죿죿죿ѰԪԪԪڣ
Ȼţϵٶȴ뽪ԽԽģ˲ˡЦݣ˵㡭ûԪ˰ɡȿȡ
ЦɲЦ£ͿԲѣĨȥһѪ˭ҲȲˡ㡣
֮⣬һĽǸֻԪָôõģ¶ǣⱬҵԪ̽ȥ֪ʲô״óȻȥһʲô£ɲҪĽֻǸû¶οԼǸĻԪָӦò¶
ʱ뵽˾춯صıը϶Ὣչ
뵽ɫͱ䣬ЩرһڵȸϵһеĻô룬ЩӣȫҪŻҪ֮վ
üһɫһݣٶȻصǱߣ˵ٶȣǰһξ룬Ȼת𣿡
סͬʱͷ˵ͬʱţԾǰըɻȥ
һ֮ʱ뽪ľ룬ԶЦʣûԪѵԪɣ
Ȼԣ졭һһڡˣӦáܿ졭ͻᡭҲȲá㡭
Ԫã
˵ôһ䣬һʱûлصùӦú²ŶԣӦÿ־ŶԣΪʲô˵á
ܿ죬ˡ
ֻǴѪָݺƴǰƶһأ뽪һףȻЦ˵ɣ
̡
ԪҰɡ
衭Ԫ
ǰԪңʹȻĻҾһȭһȭ㣬飬ҧĺҵʹЦ˵ģڶȴôôأǣ
ϼ˵ţһǸˣҲǲԸԪңͱҡ϶һ£˵֪ʲô𣿡
֪Ͼ˵ʲôҲǰһأһױ˰ףҲЦݣϷûԹԵ˵ţ󰡣Ǹ˾ͱԪˣ
仰һ
ԣҪǺһԸҲҪڵԪˡ
ӣҵҪôҡԪˡ
ǺãҪˡ
£͵һҧͷһѪųϿûⱦѪǸϽʵ˺̽˶
Ҳ֪ΪҧľʹһѪͻȻһ׶ߣȳ֮ʱֻ֣ץס˽ֻ֡
ץôؽôΣ
Цôزá
Ȼ㲻裬ֻǿˡ˵ţУѾóƴתÿһת϶оһ˿һ˿ӣÿһתһΣǼֱǴѵʹʹ˹ͷʹꡭ
ɳϻƴתø죬Цݸá
ץס˫ֵĽҪԪɽڵ״ֻ̬Ҫһ̣Ҫ
ֻǣԪʹˣӿȥˣĸǿС衱ˣ
ôܣǡʲô״Ԫߣ󱯾ľԼ
ǲ㣬ǲǺܺڣûдӦҰϧ½ϣٸ߽׵ҩʦҲڵҩ
Ȼ˵һһķϻŽ½һӸԱˣͲˣȻϸԼʹòƶϳ϶Ҳ𣬶ҲãҴ⣬нֶΣ͸ԪûˣС
ˣûһϣ⽫һĳ裬Ҫųȥ
ҾȥҪҵͬھ
һһţƴصͳԪȥָֻҪãԸԳ
⣬Ҫʱ䡣
Ǻ˵㲻¡ԡ𣿡
òɡ⻰һЦ˵ҪõԱˣõŷϻ
㡭о֮ɫ㡭ô֪
Ȼ㣡
ЦţԪ࣬תٶȸ죬Ȼʹ磡
ȴԶ֪ҲΪֻӵһ򣬽Ź
ĳϣ
תٶȼӿ죬Ԫ죬ԪԽ٣ܱԼԪȴʹá
鼱֮Уͷһҧ˳ϵϣҧĺþתӣѹסϡ
һнһ׽ɱߣ˶ָԭʼĲ״̬ҰһźۿԵսʽ
㻹ҧҰСýУϴ˵͵һ˽棬ЦԪҲˣ費ˡ
ƴϻѳ˫֣òԪ޸˫ֻϵĲȥ
ϻЦ˵ҽԪѾˣ


388 ʧ
ǿнԪƴָ˫ĲȥҪ
ϵԪޱȵ̽˴ָ֮УԪ֣֣˳㻹һѵҩ
ҩ˺Ԫס˽ٶȣ̽˵λã
òȫָֻҪһ㡢һ˿˿㹻ˣȫܹǰȥȻԸԶʵˣԪסһ˲䣬ԪҲʹã֮ʱһɸľʹӵﴦоһʲôûˡ
㡭ҡˡʲô
һЦˣǰ˵ԪңҾͻڳԪ˰˵ţϽǿľɫ÷ô۵Ԫˣ˽ǰ㿴ûƭɣҿ˵ˣ
Ԫˡҵġ
³󼸸֮ȥ۷ףĿûипûе⣬ץŽнľ񽣣һʬ壬ŵһĴָ
켴ԥϧؽǿľԪˣһ̽˶öһʮУתȡԪ
ľԪˣнԪˣټָﻹһŽԪˣ쾭ɡľ㣬ǡڶ㣬ٻǡɽڶ㣬Ǿ⣡
ǣ˿̳Ͻˣ쾭
ֳôĶһƱϹŹ֣ԣϷȼԪҪЩϹﵽ֮ǰ׵֮ȥ
Ҳл·λҲǲС
ػϷĵһȺˣѾظͻأгһӰȥٶ֮죬ֻǳڿУҲ׷ϲϡ

ǸоӰĴָϻԪָǸˣȻôǿ뽪һսôԪӵô졣
գۼ䣬Ͼʧǵ
ҲʱһڵλϵˣǿŵĵӣµȥҲϿգһ˼ʵϣ﾿ʲô£
˵ܽ˽֮УȻŰŸ߸ϵζ
üͷһ壬Ȼʵʵػش𣬶Ҫʱ䣬ΪǸ˴ᣬˣҲ˵泤ϣң
泤һͣ¶ŭɫӶ뵽ǰ¶ЩŮǵĳƢа£˵Ȼǣһʲô£һڵĵأнʦôҲˣ
һǸ̽˵ʲô£ҲҴӷڹȥ֮ʱͽϴкߵ·ϣкɱн϶ʲô¶Ҳͼ·ֱ챬ըҲ˻Ȼ󣬿ľǰ⸱桭
泤ϽĻ׽һ飬ŸղſЩŵĵϣҲͽһ󲿷֣˵ʦ𣿡
ûнӿڣһҲֱ·ɫ䣬ﾹȻ̽롣
ˣ
Ҫ̽룬ȥһ̽ˡ˵ɵǿҲϵ˵طɵΧı棬ըһ㣬ţôĶ˭Ūģ
ԴҲ뵽Ǹ޳֮񵽵ĵӵĽ
ھ̾ţ泤ϱĴѰһڵӵټߵܵԪȶԱ㿴
һߣϲֱܵģܵģһʱ±ߣͣ˽ŲϢʱ֮󣬳ȥӰޱȡ
ϵȻɱ䵽һصʱϱ㽫ݺݲһٶȣ䡣
һ̣һ䣬Ϻܿ쵽䵽شϲ鿴һѡǰķ򣬲ϵƣҲǿľԪ˵Ԫûȫģǰ
ߣɢȥˣҵԪȶ
Ȼǿ߽̽ȥ
һ̽ȴһ
̽鵽Ѫ̽鵽ı棬ʲôûУһ
̽ʲôûУ
̽̽̽̽һ̽ûоûУ
ʦأһڵʮأȥˣ泤һӾŭˣŭȣΪȵġ
Ҳ֮УһнԹУѾԾ춯أڣнɱˣʬҲûˣ⡭ϢҪǴȥܹ½ϵ飡
һ˲صҽǰһѣǵȥô֪
㡭泤Ҫȳʦһ˵ʦ֣ڵҪҪҵʦ֣ҵһڵĵӣֻҪҵһоˮʯ
棬ȷЩǡ泤˵ţһۣڱ׵ѰˮԪϢĵӣһ룬Ѱ˵䡣
泤ϸǺ˵пߣ׽ûǲӣɱ⣡泤ϷŭѣŨɱ󣬾ʲôΪˣʦֶ°ˣҪǴƣһڵǴ𣬲ңһǱڵĵˣ¡
泤Ͻ˴Ϣٶȣͻһڡ
ɵҲһأĪˣȻܽŪʧǾһëȻĸоҪҵǣֻ
ŵӽ˱׵۾ǣʧķһۣȻ۴ڵɨһɱ˼ײǾ˭Ҫй¶Ϣ˭
һڵĵ˳ȥ
ȴѾһ죬˽ȥȻùŽ˸ЩϵӾҲܲסشĸɣһͷ˵ϡ
ϲûлԣҲûϢǼȡľԪ˵ԪԱ̵ʱڻָתһ߿ٵԪһԺţܽһսľ顣
ղһսνǳϳƮɽɽ֮ս⣬ΣյսǶԽнɱҲཫеֶΣ˸ɾʹؽ
֮УϾãҪڸղһսʹؽЧȹŽãϾҷնǿѵصȵȣ֮ǽؽϡ
ҪģǸУнΪҵһɱУ֪ĴָûйڡľطűУԺúо¡
ţϵüͷҵʽȫ¶ˣӦѰ似ܸõݣ
һ뵽似һӱ뵽նɵšնն顱


389 նԪɱ
նն飬似ԽնɣǴνնͼıܣ󷴱ɱ˸ɸɾҲ͵õСն
㻨ʱŽǿľԵԪˣõһ˿һҲʣʹ֮ãˬʮ㣬ľԪ̺ǿ
ھޱȵľԪ֮£ϵҲѪ˿ڿʼٵҪǣڵľԪõһʵĿԽ
ȻϲϽԪ֮಻Զӡ
ԪڳȱģˮԪֻҪˮԪһϾͿֽĳԡ
ննԪն
Ϸնĥţնͨƪ֮󣬳ϲòնʦүҲѹֽնɵĵλڲ֮䡣
һնӣ
ǴֿϱоնĪͨ
ܽõֵزģֱ˶
նԪԪͬһýʹģһ÷ɵģеķ㣬ӣһ֪նԪ似Ԫ๵ͨڴս֮УͻȻóһУöԷԪʱ䲻̫࣬һ˲͹ˣ͹Էնɱˡ
նӰ־Ǹо
еϲŭǡ˼֡еɫ㡢ζԵֿննϲնŭն㡢նζȵȡ
İ׷ʹնȴǴУһλŵˡն֮ʱķӦﲨ΢𣬡Һ˻ûȫան顯Ȼˣضɡ
նն֮󣬾ûˣȴһֱ⡶նǲģ滹УȻնΪβննǣն𡭡
̧ͷű૵ն׵ն𡭡أ
һ΢΢̾Ϣ֮󣬱ǳõĳĬ
Ĭ֮󣬳ȫͶˡն֮УþϰɣȥѰˮԪҪȻ˽ˮԪȥ֮ǰһй򣬾Ͱ׷ˣңҵˮԪ֮󣬻һȥ
ӴָȡһѽƷƷıϸݡնٿǵȻ
Ʒ˵һƷ׷Գ˵ʵ̫ͨˡ
һ죬죬졭
ʱ׾Թ϶һζ
׵ϣһڳôһ£ڴ˷׵ϵҲԽԽ࣬ǴӶػأһһţȴûҵˮԪһټǿģɽι״ı壬ǿڱ׵ϵĸ
һǱ㿪ʼˣе˸ǿЩ׳ɳĲΪЩ֮ڴ˴ܳôߴ󣬿϶ԪƶˮԪڱ֮¡
ˣٵһһѵıһڣβţˮԪǵϣ
еû˿ˮϿ֮ء
޿Ҳڱ׵ϽѰţûȥڹĴ߷ţ鿴űòˮԪ߻ǰڷĹ飬ֱ¶ģΪǻ˵Ҫһڡ
һ뵽£޿Ӿͻ£ǿнҿֻжߵķݶȴʧˣ
ÿÿ֮޿ֻң˾ѪˣҪҵˮԪһ󹦣ʱ飬ҡ
ѰʧĽһȺһڵӣϵĳԽԽŨԽԽԽԽĻš
սһڵӵʬ壬ڱըбը˷ĩʬ壬ڳϵʳָҵõأ
ϢɽϣһһɽǸ߽ΪǸɵ׵Ϊ˾ٱһڵľģҪ˾Ȼû顣
Ϊסĳϣڱлһˢˢˢش̳뽣֮䣬ûһ϶ˮʹǽӰ·һ磡
ͻأȻסɫأ֣ԣ
ü˼һٴ轣Ӱ޾֮ʱͣһй©ȫնԪ
ĥ轣ֶס
ԣ
ԣ
ԣ
ǲԣ

һһġԡ֮У˶ٽԼ֪ҹҹ˿ͣϢĻӽˮ಻áǧĸݣԶԶġ
ֻԭ߼ıӲóն֮и߳߼龰ֻôҲûϼʮν
ﲻ֪ҹڣһλӽӿʼһϢ䣬ûͣ٣Ȼɰʹ꣬ϵ¶Цݣˣˣ
ϵԲҪȻô򵽡ƻ𡱣ӶʺԼ似Ҳʱս֮бѧǡ˷似УԴ򡭡
ӵԵĳϣʱ䣬輸ʮνȥһ似ĽǡնԪ似
𰸵Ȼǡ
ϰ֮УˡնԪ似ġҷնڶʽĳ֮ͨĸǡܲ͸硱
似ŲͬӣҷնڶʽڴΧնԪ似նԪȴǲ㣬Ҫֹ
ʱﲻԲȲ˯ļʮλӽɹǽ似ƣںһ壬նԪ빥һ֮С
Ҳ˵ʹáնԪ似ԷԪ֮ʱͬʱڹŶԷ
һǷʤ
ֻںϵ似УͽնԪɱɣ
ֵȥǣϿһһѵҩ̷£˵ˮԪԴӦòôҵİɣҪҵˣǿ϶һִսѪսҲ֣ڵλãȻڱ£ܸоһϸ΢Ķɣ
һ˼ϾһУĶǶһΪá
ȻҲûԴֱȥնĴУѡĵڶǡն֮ѡΪǰ׷ʩչӡر̣ʱҲҪ΢һ㡣
һλ
׵ϣЩ˶ҪˣǲֹߣǾɣԭűƽ̹شҲڳ׵ĶЩԭйĵطǱϿȡ
ûˮԪӰӣ
˿ʼɣ׵ûˮԪǼٵİɣ
ܰɡ
ôãҪеĻҲ
˵õе

ǻɣ۷׷ףȴûһȥ
һ죬һȺˣʼ±Ѱȥ
ͬʱһڵ߽


390 絶
ն似նԪҪˡ
նԪ˵ѣƽʱҲӴǰİ
ڡն˵һƬµأϴδһжô㿪ʼ
տʼǽšնھԺа׷ʩչն֮ʱĻ棬ű
˱ȻԼʮ֮󣬲ɣ
ϺնԪ롰նͬһšնȻ棬֮ǲǣʲôϵ棬˵һ֮ࡣ
˼նԪʱĵᣬ轣һΣԲɣ
ϷѣһεĻӽоնԪ似롰ն似ƺأȻأնԪΪҪڵһأնϻƫƫעһ䣺նԪ似һɣ֣֣
ѵҽնԪ似ĳˡնԪɱԭ򣿡üͷȻڳӽٶȣҹͣĶУѾؼӿ죬һʮλӽǺķĹҪҲն似ͷҪˡ
Ϊ֮ѰˮԪСʧ
ȥڤ˼նԪ롰նԪɱúõĥǸ似ԭΪնԪɱȻˡնԪľ裬Ȼ⣬ֻʲôأǽ˷
üëͻһøɷ۾˷ܵͬһ֣
ˣǳննûгȥն
ԭ֮
һ֮ս֣
һأóȫСĳȫһһ֣ӳ֮֮˼˼֮һΪ֮
һгģ
ÿһУ
ˣʮνʮνһνһٰʮν
ȫǡĽӰ⣡
Żӽļˡżбӷ϶νǧ࣬òһȦƮɢȥǷ綼ˡζ
ϼӳ
ֱֱϽʮνն֮еġʧֱһƬһгӰҲ١
ˣն似ɣ
ȻȴûϤŵЦݣֻùֵֹģնˣЩնȥ볣С
ϲ߶ǲˣҪҳɣҪЩµӡ̫һǡն潫ҵġնȥˡ
ֻնԺҪնϲնŭնҪնɫնζնҲҵһն˰ɣ׷ʩչն似ӣ죬ҲھȣҲڷŭڴ󺰴˵ὫԼĸն⣬ѵǸտʼԭ򣿡
һûд𰸣׼ȳ˱׵ץһնɵһ¡
ɡն似һ˾죬ٶν˵ҷնڶʽӦҲˣӳһУֹһ˽
˵ţϱһ£Ȼһ֮£Ȼֱӷһʮ
ԭ߼ı˿ɿֱñݣǱң
ջǳȴûͳȥȻд似Ҫг䳡ģ⼸Уֻ̫Ҫõó־С
˳ϱ㴢ָ˺Щʱ䣬ҵһֽС絶似˵ϻûסν֮ɶԡ硱ȴ쳣С
ԣϱó絶ĶһȴóСԾһ絶Ʒ似ͨƪ似ͷβֻһУҽһУٶȵı仯һУȴܱ仯üʽ
磺жħ׷籪֮ʱһйʮʽжħ޴ӥ֮٣һʮʽ׵ģʮʽ
ٶԽ죬仯Խ࣬ݡ絶˵ٶʽӡ
ȻⱾ似Ҳ仯Űپʮʽѣ
һʽǧвܱ֮࣬𡭡ٶʽΪҪȡһأȥܡˣɻ˵Ц˼Ҳ֪Ȿ似Ǵõģ¶Ǵġ
켴ҳһƷĿ𡶿絶
絶ûл϶ʱ䣬Ͼϵٶȿ죬綴дԣһһҹ֮󣬳ϱˡ
գԳϵٶȣȻһİپʮʽ
ϽŻشָڽ˳ȡĴָĶ鿴һΪ֮󣬳ϵңֶ˲٣һнңȻơ
Žʬ壬˵Ҫˡаٱ䡷ռ磬ǿðһ㣬飬ͺܶˡ
ϧϧ
һƬϧУʩų֮ףʬ廯Ϊ˻ҽ
ֱ任һò㲻ӢֻԿùȥ󣬱׼֮߳ʱЩѧ似ûиڵιѪˣ㽫ؽڵ˳ȡ˳ιһѪϾ϶Ժڵĺܴ
һ˳һץ鲻֪õĺɫץ˳ϿһȡڰԨ֣һȡǿĺɫƣһɡаٱ䡷עԪںɫУԪɫƣȻ޷Ӧ
ţֵѪһһΡ
һߣ׵ˣһɾգػصؾ˺ôΣˮԪǾ
Ⱥ±֮ˣѾ棬һ
һڣ߽Ϸ泤ˣߣ߽ʵʦܣ֮˿ɷ
泤ҡͷѾɱʮˣȴûһ֪һϢ˭ô£ʦָɱˣʮһڵӡ
֮泤ȷŽȻ߽ϢΪһµƣˡ
泤ϼ˵ţЩţȷûж֣˵ҲǽʦֵĶ֣ŵս£
߽üΣűϾȵģ˳ȥץŵӣһ£
ǣʦ֡
嶫ʵˮԪأ
׵ˣûκټ
һֵˮԪԴʱ϶󣬶ڣ׵һֵҲû
嶫һ£׵棬ѹ𣿡
泤˵۾ʣ泤ϸ˵ʦ֣ԴȥѣпܣˮԪǱ֮С
ĳϣ֪׵Ѿ˷˸飬֪嶫ĵҲ֪һ±ڣǲ֪һȺİˣԶ
ֻǣѪںɫϣ۾ڴ


391 ڵ
ɫƣԪδ˿ųڲ̺ͬŴԪѪ
ǣɫƲ֪ǲǱڵͬѪȴһ仯ûС
ûкһ߲֣֮ɫƱɿֲķҲûкɫƣԶڿУһ
ʲôûеģеֻǺɫڲͣѪ
ˣûˣôҪѪͣ
Ȼɫû޿仯һΪĶҲûģɫôˣҲûзӹʲôô
ɫƷŽ˴ָֽѪ˲ؽûз֣ɫƷŽָʱͼͻȻζһ£һ»ζʲôƵģôʵôתֱ֮˳¾ɣָǰЩд治״̬
ؽҲѪ֮󣬳ùڵڵԪʯ޺ˡҩȣûб󣬷ǱС˽֮һ
Ҳо֣ʲô·ںڵϣһֲģһϽѪ棬Ѫգۼ㽫Ѫսȥ
һΣ֮󣬳áаٱ䡷Ϊڸ߽佫磬׼յ
ɾڳ֣Ҫסڵʱڵˣ
ڵԼˣ֮⣬һɳϺϤζƮɢһƬȻ˲֮ų˾ϲĪĶҪأ
Ȼһʧˡ
ڿУʹΧĺڵӿеû˿仯ڳϸоĪ֮ʱǺڵȴҵıȥ
ϿǺڵ߱ʱ赲ȴûִͣŵҪǰҪ͸ڽȥһͬʱϵӿһǿҵĸоǱڣźڵķһͨ
оԽԽǿңϲٳɣǰȡˢˢˢն˽׳ͨǺڵٵع˽ȥֱֱڵס
ɻأڵʲô
ɻţϼźڵķ򣬿ȥ
ףʮףʮס
ڵǰǰ
׵⣬泤Դµӣȥһ泤ϵüͷֱĺۼЩģ
˲Ծ泤ټһڵӣȫעе嶫һϢҲԳһ˸һ£嶫ģǳ¡
һȺˣ϶ǽˡ
ͳһѵҩãβײűĺڵ˵ڵڵ㵽ȥﰡѾǧ׳ˣ㻹ûͣ
˵ţϵԪֳָ֮ڱͨһ߻ҴָװԪʯҩ϶࣬ҪȻһ֪㾿Ҫʲôͻˡ
һ죬һ졣
׵ͨڵûͣóԪʯ׼ȡһԪǺڵͻرеԪʯԪʯδڵأʧȻǱڵˡ
һЦԭҲˣ
켴óһԪʯȫƷԪʯںڵΧҲץƷԪʯһһԪϼȡԪٶȣ൱ؿ죬Ǳڵǻǲ˲٣ڵΧԪʯȫۿɼٶɢš
㵹ǱҶгԡţоڵԽԽԣΪڵһΧԪʯĵϵԪʯ
ûʱ䣬Ԫּ̣ڵָŷ򣬳ͨ
Ҳһڱ׵ǰ֮ʱ嶫ҵȺ˵Ļ켣泤һϣٸϹ
ͬʱһڵΪҲɵע⣬׷Ѱ£޿ĸ泤ϵ󡭡
УڵǸСеķʳƳʮŵԪзˮľţһƣƣ֮Уȴοʮţ๻ˣʱ䣬ռƻҲöˡ
һ䣬ʮзÿţζ֮ãȻҲǳߵʱķԸ
ЩζʹֶΣŸšһȫΨǴӣ򶫣Ǿ򱱣߰벽ǲҿһ
⣬ζŷѧϰơҲ൱棬ȻڵΪ̫ͣƲǰĵԪзǣƣõĲϣǶ٣˭ȷ˭ţţȫգǷȱģǹɡΪ硣
ζҲ൱⣬ͷζΪͽϣʱҲû
ȷ뿪С׵ȥ֮ζҲܣ죬ʮӳǧųԱһ·ˣȥķͬǱ׵һ·ϵĻڣøɸɾ
ͬһʱǻУһ˻ر죬Ǳ߱ɽĸУһ϶
϶Ǳ˪סϲɫǰȥ鿴ô¶
ǣ졣
ڣչյǰһףϸտʼܴŸоԼʲôλãڣȫ֪ںδֻԵڱɽˡ
ֻ֪ں䣬֮ǰڱǵ¶ȣӰ춼ûԽԽ䣬֮󣬳ѽԪָĴָ֮ϣԪָķȻͦݣܷס޴Ĺܷסϵػ𣬸ܷסǰĺ䡣
ϵԪҲԽԽˣһͨҲһƷԪʯԪʯʷĩһء
ǰǧ׺󣬺ڵټǰײȴԾڿУȻݺݵڵϣͣ𣬺ݺݵײ£ϿźڵײʮΣ˵ڵ㲻ڰɣ
⻰һڵͣصͷǵͷͬһ
ðɣѡ㣬˺üףҪǵʱһû⣬ôŰ㣬ҾͲٸԪʯҲιѪ
˵ţڳһӣڵȲȥʲôڵȴһԺһƺץһʲôһûȫס
ڣѶȼӣûзĿǼᶨ
棬ֻر죬ڷ϶淢һңԼɿ⻹һһͨı
ң
쾪֮ȫҽȥҲҪģͿҪҵˣ
һȺˣ϶˽ȥ˱
һȺߺ󲻾ã嶫һһڵӣҲ֮ǰվ֮أ죡
ͨһȥˡ
꣡
һ£׵
Ҫٽڣȴͣ˿С


392 ʹâ

һȺİ˽ˢˢһ󾪺ǡСһ
ǿģǱϵĽۣ飬һһûһϣûн۵ģЩһ˾ܿġ
ЩֻǸ죬Ǹ߲ſõǿˣӦ˵Ǹоˣ۾֮ɫ͸Ũµ𾪣Ũ˰ٱҲֹ
Ϳ߲ϵĽۣоһƬռҲŽۣ˵Žۡ
˭ӵĽ˶ٽЧ
ϡоһζʲôȴҲоˡ
΢֮̾һԣ˵˼˻ֻһָ
Ƕʮˣǰ棬һһ漷ȥ
Ϳ棬̤֮󣬲֪룬ͻָ̣̽ڿлӰ֮󣬱㱻
һߣһ߿űĺۼЩۼǼǰµģѵ˵ڣǱʹڵģΪģ
ţüͷΪģͨͨδǺΪ
Ҳ˵еķܷҴûм˷ķ
ԣ۾ų⡣
߽ڸ֮󣬱һƬڰȡһҹ飬ҹ鸡ڿУǰ·յõģ˺һ֮󣬲ͣ֡
Ⱥˣ߳ǧ׵ӣ嶫һڵӣңһĸֽ֮̾̾עڴȻˣһطͬ
ǰ棬кܶˡ嶫ɫĻˣȻһҵˮԪй𣿡
֮嶫һָջǶűڵļѿɢȥ嶫֣ȻǱסıŭָָУµıڳͨ
嶫˼˵ʦܣʮӣһȥ鿴һʲô⣬ʦܣʣµʮӣסң÷κһ˽ҪߣĸɵĵӣɱԪ⣡𣿡
ףʦ֡
嶫һʮ߽˱
Ҳ嶫ָıʱֵĶűڣǰ棬üëһָ֮ƣһ·һ·ű
ˣ֪ǳںڵָʾ֮£ڳġ
ʱ䲻ã޿Ҳ˷϶һڵĵԴţһˣ϶Ǵȥ㴳ȥҲֻ·һ
۾ӣתȦ޿ĵ˳ȥ̶̰ʱ֮󣬱׵ϾһϢǿ£һ϶϶ˮԪйء
׵ˣ˾ãҲûҵˮԪӽıԵˣû뵽ʱˮԪϢ
Ϣ֮󣬶˵Ⱦȥ
ȥˣնȥˣ콣ŵΤҲȥˣŵҲȥˣ嶫ץӿһ£Ǽ¶µԼرʼǴԼ֮£һҲ˺Ƥֱȥץţʹ˱ѰϢһҲͷж
¶ֻ֪ţȥôأ𣿲ʲô¶ɣǸ˾ʲôϵ
һһ⣬һֱԺ֣Щ˵ѰˮԪ˵ڴѰˮԪϢѰųϵټ
ַǣŵĳϣ´׵ͨͣסˡ
ȷ˵Ǳסˡ
һ̳ȥ֮󣬸պǳЪֹͣ˶ԻԪָԪҲһɲǼ䣬һӴģ޷ֱϸˣסˡ
ֶֽһڵӱɱǹ̬ĶסֶǶ̬ģЩֱ֮˳ϵӣٴӳϵ˳ȥţһֽ˽ϣ಻
ͺͣˮϪˮϪˮ֮С
ϵӱסˣֳµƣڵԪҲסˣÿһϸסҲס־ͳͳסˡ
һռһУʱ䣬סˡ
һ̻ԪָķȦȻڣϻеֵĻᣬɳֵôͻȻóϺ޷Ӧڣʲôʲô֪
磬ϲڼ̵ʱѹôϾͽһֱȥ
ֱһ
ֱ׵һ֣
ֱɱı
ǣжסĳϣôأ
ǣ漣֡
һ˲䣬漣źڵһˣ
ڵֻյУʹһ
ϵӣһ¡
ڵϼʹâʹâҲΧȥأϵָһһضüëʼˣ۾ӣҲתҲԳ鶯ݡ֨֨ǹͷҲꡱ
ڵÿһϸҲָ
ǶһʮУʼת
еתӺڵͷųΧųϵʹâҲ˳ϵϵ壬ƺ֮ɫ
һ֮󣬺ڵһӳϵȥҳˡˡһҲ˹һʱ䣬Ԫָķ֮𣬵ֵɱ
ţϽڵͷʹâĺڵϵȣҰ˲٣Ͽһʹ֮УϽһöָﴢŵƷԪʯٽڵ档
㣬ִָѪ˺ڵϡ
Ѫ룬ƷԪʯƬƬʧڵָֻ˹ŷҲ֪㣬ʲôģôһڣ˱֮㾹ȻһôҲû㻹һ
Ÿղһ˲ͱסûκηӦĳϾһ££ƮɽϣΧնɱʱй
ҺãҺá
һ£϶Ժڵˣûг㱾£Ҫǳˣǲ֪Ƕô
ΪԪҪṩԪָҪάż֮𣬳ϵԪģǴˣҲŵҩƷԪʯͬʱţô졣
Ǽȥ˻ȥ
Ҫ˵˻ȥԳ˵ǾܵģѾߵһô˻ȥأ
ǼµĻѣױȣһСģ̤
ôأ
ڿŵʱڳڱȺˣȴ鷳ң鷳С


393 һξһ
Ⱥߵ߰ǧ׵ʱ򣬾͸о䣬ֱܣֱ¡
ȫ˾ֿܼǰߡ
ߵһʱĳܲסǹɶˣÿǰһǾ͸оһ
һأüͷţƣԽԽŨȻܼǰ֪׻жԶǾͷ
ңźˣѾıˣ
Ҳ˵ڣû·
֮ǰģǸںòõģֻҪƴһǰ׷סǸˣѣʱ뿪ķȻҲͲ·
ȻǺˣڱ׵ڣԽԽ䣡
ܽ˲ˣ
Ǻã
ǣֻɲǼ֮˾¾͵شԱһͨۺ⣬߼ǰΪԽ䣬ԽˮԪпܾǰ棬ʮ£ܺˮԪȣ
´֮׸ӣǰȥ߳һξ֮󣬿߽ŻٻȻҲʼ̷ҩˡ
ǶʮΪˣȫˣֻһ·˷ʼڣҪͨһͨ
ǣǵķֱ˰쾢ȴûдһͨԽԽ䣬ԪҲʼ
ͬʱ嶫һ״ԽԽ
һڵǸϣԵѹҲǲСǰվкüǸ߽ȫҪңЩҪǳϸ͵ֵסΨһƾֻ̣һڵš
ȷֵģλ뵽طȥѰҰɣϵѵõسŻͣôͱˡ
ϵĵ̬ˮԪջȫֵһᣬȺȻǼţţϲЩֻǰλΪΪֻҪ㶨ЩƲʲôȵλҪˣһڵĺǸԵɣǲǳܵ𣿡
ȷʵоЩ֣˵ϣֻǽȥһ۶ѡ
ߣϿ˵֮һߣĻˣ
ϣ˵עһ㣡Ʋ˵ʦַԸ˭ҪǸ̤һɱ⣬λǻȥ𣿡
λȨţŵʧЩȴֵøˣˮԪջʵ̫ˣλò֮ʱ
ȴ˺ɱֻ϶ƾճһӰ˲նɱſڵ߽͵ش˽ȥ
Ӱ˱һߣȼеԹŭ޾ҶȥһƬȴ˺źţҶһڶֵģպһڱţն壡
ϵȣòһڵĺֶΣŲ͡
ִһɱһɾһھͲ֪˭ɱģ
һﾪǧˣ
ȫʧˣÿ˶Ҫ϶壬϶˼Ӱɱ˱ңɫţﲻͣغţȴ˹ȥסһˣҲϻֱɱ
ûжģֻ
Ǿ̫ңȥ֪Ҫʧ٣˵ˮԪ̬ȣܵñ֮ܵþˣҪµӣһ
ǿ˵Ϊ˵һӰȥʱеǼȻǽ罣Ȼ֪罣Ϊ罣ôΪ첻ڱչ𣿸ղŽȥǸΪ𣿡
ΪӰٶ̫죬ҲûߣҲ֪ΪѾȥΪƣûзڣǷڣԣ֮⣬˶֪
ȽȥǸӰȻ޿棬޿ų˵ģҪһڸԣֶôһ仰һ˵ս
޿ȽȥҲǸȴûȽȥһԡ
ԽԽ࣬һʣµĵӣֿһֱһڡһڵĺպסǣһȺͱˮԪ̼ʧȥǣʲôһڡ֮ģﶼǸȥֻ棬ʵڵġ
һڵӣôסüĸ߽ŲûҪʱ䣬ͱɱ˸ɾȻȥֻһͨߵƻپ嶫ھ򣬱һĸ˲ͨ
һһˣӿȴûȥᣬ͵վڽ޿档
˵棬ǶʮʹȫھһͨʮԶʮףѾľеľ¡ԽԽ죬Ȼ嶫һ˵
Ѿó˷е߲ٻٻΪ̫ķԪˣֿɺ䣬ǿҪܶԪ
䣡
嶫䴩ͨǶʮˣ嶫˽ץһֻ̿Ǳʳһﻹǰ棬˵ΪǴĵȵȣȫһ֪
߳ŭ֮£嶫ɱǶʮˣѾûʣˣһڵΪ״̬ãûʲôͽǸɱ˸ɾ
嶫ִǰȥߵһǧ״һЩӣֿҲʮˣ嶫ûǾʹתȥ
嶫һϣ¶ǰһͨͨʱͻضסˣȵãǿˣʦܣϣ
˴ȣΪףй¶ǹɱ֮ǰҲֵú࣬ȴǼᶨˮԪڲԶ
˵һڵӣ嶫ûüתͷ󲿷˱㱻˱ˣһҲˣʱûбסģҲ֮ܳҲ˱
嶫üͷһ壬ȵߣִǰ
״ϥ״䵽ٶȣ£Ǹ䣿ֲ֪Ҫڶףڶڴ֮µľ˵ÿһףѣҲǰı̶ȣҪ౶
ԣһ취͵ش
ȻһʱϻһСľͱ˱ԶɱҪõöࡣ
ϵĴǶԼĲ̣
Ϊ˸һ㣬Ͻ˻Ԫָķñֱ֮͸롣
ȻϸôҲΪкڵһԡ
Ϸ˺ôһѵƷԪʯںڵΧڵ˳ϵѪ˴ƷԪʯ֮ǰΪȳ϶ĵԪѾָ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ㹻ԪڵͲ⣻Ӷϵб֤
֮͸й̵ľһΣ룡
֮󣬳ٴα
ڵַ
ʹâ˸


394 
ӣȴóϸһִѵ̸ܣ
ڵʹâⶳ֮󣬳ϼȡһЩԪóһԪʯںڵΧһγȥԪָķű֮
أ롣
Ȼ֮͸֮ʱʹ˵ҧƴӲ˹ȥ
ڵٴɢʹâ
֮סٱڵⶳֶסֽⶳ
ѭٴΣڱ֮мˡ
ϲû㣬Ĵ֮أûΣգǿǵĶҲ˵ģ
ԣϳ˴֮С
ߴţҲͨÿһڣһףȻֻһףȴñܼӵĳϣʮ룡
Խ£Խ졣
ÿͱסʱ򣬳Ͼֹͣ£ƴش
ųϵ屻֮һһεĴڵһһηʹâϴָԪʯԾٶʧš
֮УͿѾߵ״Ѿ԰ޱȣ·Ҳʼһźɫҩ۾Ŀһݣɫҩȥǰȥ
һ̾ϢҲæһЩҩϡ
ţж˵ʲôˣ˱֮أȻ䴩첻֪ǣ֮ǰûô䣬ǹɱ֮֮ͨ󣬽¶ȸؽˣ
嶫泤ߣǧףһȺˣһ֮ԽԽˡ
棬һڵѾ֪ȥ֪
Ҳ߽˱ңΪ˽һȺӣͬҲŵˣΧ£ߣĳһ̶ֳ˵ͬˡ
е˶ȥԺ޿һʬУվ¶Цݣ޿ĵһȥ£ڵϵϵĴָһһ£
޿ƺܵ˳ϵӰ죬ȻһʱûжãȴáƬײľ裬Ĵָɨ⣬ѷ϶֮ЩָҲһŹ£
һɨ֮޿߽˱̤֮޿滹ͷ۱ǽϵĽۣЩۣһϤ֮У
µı֮У˽ףףһҹʱɵģ
ϻβظĶԽԽı֮壬űʹú֪ĸоûû־ûԪʲôûУϾ͸оԼڲͣͣһ
Ȼȴ̵⾳ڷű仯ֱֻ仯ϸ΢
ǻڱѣ֮䣬ȥˡ
ʱ䣬½һף
ռĴԪʯںڵϵķ֮£Ѿ˽ֻ֮ʣ֮һҩҲޣϵģЩ֪Ҫ½ײǾͷ
Ԫʯùˣҩûˣ޺Ҳûˣô죿
Ȼŵǣϻڼڡ
״ԽԽڲõߣŽŲǰϲаðǹɱ֮ţȰ˵죬ǲǰˣֱݼȥֻһǧף
̡
ҧָ֣űǰУ΢΢̾Ϣ
嶫һǧ׶ѣ嶫泤ϣҲǲͣطŵҩǰ
һȺһ״֮˸סˣֻ֮һ˼ǰȻ֮һҲǰ潫Σأִŵȥ
λãЩȻûģЩûܵǰȥЩȥ̽أ
޿棬ǸˣЩסǿϵĴָҪ˷ж˷ܣһ¶ؽǵĴ£ŵŹ׵׵һɶ
֮һסԽԽ࣬Ҳһ֧ס̤һͳ˱񣬿µ˳ҲǣڽĿ֮ߵŽһߵ׵ȥ
ǰһǧ֮ǰǰЩȫסˣǰֻΪǿߣôһʣ¶ˣһˡ
һۿȥȻа˸ˣ˸滹һ޿ûмڣǰ滹ĸ
ƽټһˮԪʮǿǰǰ˴ǿ֮Уɵģʣµˣȴ֪ǴӺδ
˶һ֮ûд֣ƽǰȥҶǴˣﶯ֣ܲ㣻Ҫ֣ҲҪˮԪǰʱ򣬲ܶ֡
޿ں棬һ·ɨŴָͻأͣס֣ǰ棬ǰһԽûӰŵɵӵӰһЩˡ
˭ֻ䣬Ǳһζ
ʱ򣡡޿濩ЦţѴָɣҾͷһȻǿɱҲ˵ţ޿һתɫɵһֱӿӡ
ͬʱСѳˡͣ˵ǿߣ
е˶ɻôһ棬һǿо
ȵҪҵĴָûţҺƴˡ
Ҳƴǿ԰Ȼͨ
ŵɵȻȻһ仰סУô¶
ǵȻ֪ΪϵԵʣ޿֪ƣɵĺĵӣȻɵӳ֡
ߣҪǲߣǾͱˡ
֣ܲȻٺòˣæߣϾߣǣǡ
ǲУ뽻ָߣȻǿѡ񲻽˷ѵԼȡ
ƾʲôǲޣͬʱȡͬһжҪȥæǰǵѣ
ѣ޿˼飬еɨ˵ػ˵ߣһߡ
ٴδ㶣ҵӣûôðɣˣ˭ҲûӦȴˣŵ˰Ȼ֮ͨɵҲˮ㣬ǣȴ޿˵ллǰ֮Ѹ֮ȥˡ
Щ˶ϳͱĴﲻֻʵʵؽ˴ָϵķЩʵģ޿֣
ǰ棬˰صִ˳ڵı֮
嶫Ǹס
ȰˣҲѾء
޿ӿٶȡ
Ԫʯ͵ҩѾʹ޺ʱϽͨ˾Űʮףϵڱ֮һһεĴ֮УԽԽǿ
ҪǴʱĳϻ״ϾԲٳֱס״϶೤ʱ䶼У
ƴˣ
ٴκȳ֣ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǸҪ±ס죬ط̫ڹ죬Σգһ鶫һ¡
˵ͷ߱Ӵָȡһ鶫ȥ


395 һǧ
һ鶫
ûȻصš
տʼƿԽ£ʲôҲˣ̽յ״ʱֱסˡ
ɫ䣬Ͻжһֱסϵôһ̽Ǿ̺Ѫ˳ֻһ𣬴˺Ҳ൱أرָԭϼѡ
Ǹָһ˿˿㹻ԪͿҪȫָƷרŻָĵҩҪԪָǾǲܵģ
Ҳ̽ȥѵ׵ĵطСһ㣬йŹ֣С̽ȥͬҲʧһ˻
ܶסֱӸɱ𣿡ţ߸͵ﲻĻΪǿˡ
ǿߣӦòΪһˮԪְ
˵ò𰸣ֻܾڵȻ֪Ǹˣ˵ʣǣ
ǿ鶫ûҵϵͷϣΪ׵ĵطֱӱסˡ
ڵԽԽҪǴʱ䣬ԽԽã޺ĵٶȣǿ죬ЩûбƳɵҩҩһ࣬ҲӸ˺ڵɵˡ
һһ˵ĴָʵЩۣʮƷԪʯ԰ƵƷԪʯôĵҩƷƷģûˡ
һʹӴ̣⵰ˣһڣвٷӦҲܻٵԪʯɡţ֪޿̳ġɨ⡱ߣ£һԪʯ
죬ڵŰٰʮˣҩݻʣһ룬޺˻֮
֮ϣ嶫泤ҲµıڴԣĬΣ˵ҵ£ȫɱ˰ɣ
嶫ͷҲûص˵ҵ£Ҳˡ
ôһһ֮ĬȴԴ̣ţһ߽һҺͿ϶ѹסǣǲˮԪᱻȥֻôǸˣЩ鷳ˣˣûеõҵϢӦѾ˰ɣ
嶫ţһнһ߽ߣȻǿôһ㣬Ļ£Ҳǰ˭Ҳòȥ˵ʦܻ棻϶йŹ֣ҪȻôȥ
ţ嶫泤Ҳ̽泤ϵִﲻ״ûгʲô¶ȴҲǺķٵԪ
嶫ȴɫ䣬Ȼˡ
¶˼֮Ц嶫֪ǿ϶ҲԹԼͬĿ
죬ڵŰپʮף
Դˡ
Ǻڵȴʹر£͸һ˷ܾϲþ
ڵѵǿҪĿĵˣĥţڵøƴˡ
Űپʮ׵ĸߴȰ˸ˣ޿Ҳִˡ
泤ϼǰȵôˣ
Ͳһ˷
㡭ǡ泤Ͻָָ˳ȥʦأ
Ĭû˻ش
ǽʦˣǲǰ泤ЩˣΪˮԪһѾʧһнʧһ˵һڵۺĸûʲôӰ죬ʧʵǲֵˣ̫ˣΪˮԪʲôģûм
ˣ
ͻأ嶫ȳֹ֣泤ϼʧ̬ȥ泤ɫ˵ʦ֣ʦܶ롭
һڵˣûпѵģ˭˭ɱһһˣһڱţ壡嶫Ե˵۴ɨ
˸ìᣬ޿濴棬ü˼
ʮڱڣȴǺް취нΪϵģ̽ȻҲʧһ
ͬʱ׵ȴһƬ
ζźŵĴ󲿶ӣȴһɴǱ߿ζһˣ˵ֱ´ɱζȻ׸ô۸ġ
ζ룬˴ӲƵԷȥҪǰлŵսζָзԷһˡ
ȻۿԷҪŲס֮ʱĸߴ״ϣȴɳȻֻǳǣҲζֵܵģھԵʵǰκμıûô
ζˣǣٶ̫죬Ҳֱ̫ɱζܱγսζǰ棬ܣһ㶣켴ϲҪץ
ûн佫ΪζͬʱܹȥʹʽԴˣֻɫһ㣬ȴȻţܲ⡣
֮ܳʱζˣӴָͳŻˮֱ¡ը죬ֱը˺ףѪˣ󾪣֪ղűըĶʲôȻˡ
ǣٴιζֿʣµš׼һ֮ʣȴͻؽһӰζţΪǶԷİ֣Ҫӳšȴͻؿ˵Ŀ
ʱζõЦŽ˴ָܻϢһ£´ǡɱ
ڿǸӰĵһʱ䣬ӣӡ
֮ڣڼŰپʮŰپʮġŰپʮ塢Űپʮ
ÿһףڵԽ˷ܡ
ϾҪʮϰٱʹ࣬ڣȫű֮ͬʱʹâƣһֱȻõ˺ܶĴ֧½˾صģںڵϵʹâ
Լٶתţһף
Űپʮף
ʱһƵĺ죬·
ϸоΧıһǼ嶶һ
ĸоڽһǧ֮ϣʮȴغüڶҡ
Ųҡһɹɸı֮ӱÿһطйʮϽϥҩϧȥǿķϽ󣬵ֿš
ڷζˣšǵУ׵ʼѿ
Űپʮף
ڶң׵ߵɽ壬ʼ
Űپʮף
ڵ˳ϵĻʹâ֣һǧ׵ĴֱھҵĲУʼٻˣʮ׷Ѫֿסǹܣ׵ϵı壬ȺɽԽԽƽϣð˹ˣǷ˵Ŀˮ
ʹâУ£Ҫ̳һס
һǧף


396 
һ̡
һ̣һǧס
һǧ֮󣬳϶ﴫȻը죬·֮ǰеĳȫһ˲䱬ը
űըϿ㷢˱仯棬ҲǱ㣬ϵ˿գڴӿȥͻ״֮£ҲЩң˭Ҳ֪ȥĵط
ǣŻеĺڵĪһİĸо
׹У·ȥֻлҫֻɫģôۣҲûůյȵȸµĸо
û¶ȣţüֵԣû¶ȣûи£оģֻǱ䣬ƱҪ䣬ɫԽԽ䣬ʲô𣿡
׵׵ףֻס
ԺЩͷӻڲͣ䣬ͣó޺ˣڵɣѪڵ
ͬʱģֻгϣ޿桢嶫ʮһҵȫ˳ھı
֪ǲΪ׵ı仯ʹԭ֮·ıҲñȽϺͨٲЩֱ֮ӽǸסֻҪĻ᲻ᱻĴ׹ı׹У᲻ڱ֮С
ʱЩûڣȻûб֮в׵ĸڣȴһԻذܣǰоԼޱȵС¾׵ˡ
ˣڻֲ̿У嶫ûˬЦŹҲܻص˰ɣֻǸпţټǸŻԪָˣʹϢ֪֪ɽϣһˣΪغɳա
棬춯죬ζˣȴǿ׵ȻǴмѿһΪ
Ӵ󣬾Ȼ׵ѿˣ淢ʲô£߶ţζȴţ׵˾䣬ˣ᲻ʲô£
켴ζôӼǰҪǻڽŲɣޱı׵ȴǸӰסˣ˵ȥ
Īϣҡ
ζֹԭմζΣ֮ʵˣϰװźɷǿѣŸĪϣĪ֮󣬱Ѱϣ˵һֵ£رƳǿ߽ܣٸõ˱׵ˮԪϢ׵ǡζȻζıòϢĪȴټϣԱ߻һ߽ܣĪϺȻ£˵Ժ֮вҪԱһԱҪͬĪͬھ
ĪȻǶֻа벽֮ǿߣԱóѣҪɴɱʱζ󺰵ĪϣȡǵԪˣá
⻰Īû˿飬ֱӹȡǵԪˣ˷һζ֮һֱζһ
˿̣ĪЦŵİɣһСӸ㰲ȫȫشģȥĻ
ĻĪûм˵ȥζȴѾףӣһʱۿӣǺǻҪΪ׸ĻζԸĵȺ
ζȡװԪ˵ĺӣݸĪϣĪϣԴӣá
İɡĪֶһ䣬չӣȥζ˫飬ţӣһҪúõģֻҪúõģҾͻúõġ
ǱߣҲѿķ϶ȥһˣǿ򶨵ع۲ţ̾˵֮治ɲ⡣
棬׵ⳡͻĪϵĳϣɫ棬мʮ׵ľ룬Ҳøɫ棬һƬ𺣣ܻ¶ı棬Ÿι״ϴûмıЩǰʵ·һ԰㡭
ɫԽԽϲóȻգ޴֮ԪҲʣ޼ڳ󿴵Ǳ𺣵룬ЩͬѰʱһͷԽ˻
飡
ɽڿգʯͷڴ˻㡣
𺣵ĳϣȻڵʹâΧţϻԪָķ󣬵ϵĵһͷǣ²ˣʣµôһ޺ˣôأ
ȻԪָͻȻҫ˾޵ĹâϻһԪϯһգԪֵָɫϮǵȦɸ״ɫʱܱɫ֮ơ
ŻԪָʹâҲоɫı䣬һܽ־Ҳܶס䣬ڵڳϻѣҪѳϵĻ֮£ϿɲúڵѣҪûʹâƾԪָ϶סɫ˵Ҳڵ¡
ۿŷȦҪϲԥָΨһṩԪƷȡ˳ȡǰ׳ߵĽԪˣֱ룬һ룬һ˺ڵɡ
£ԪδȫȫԪָȱԪĹӦĻѿһ죡
ʱܺƴƥɫһԶѷ촦ѹѷ켱ٱ󣬳ϼ״˲ճ֮𣬼֮ʱסɫ𣬿Ǻԣֵ֮סɫ𣬼֮ѹ˺𡭡
ѵҪԺͷħʦ˵ЩǬǱԵҪּĻȴҪֹ𣬡һƬɫ𣬾ܹģʹñ֮
ڵУתţǱʹâȫ˵λãתһ仯ûз֣еľȫ˵ɫ֮ϡ
֮ԽԽˣɫҲǲ԰ޱȡ
ʱϻеĺڵ˳ȥɫ֮Уϴ󾪣ֱҪڵץһɫͻӿһͷǽʣһ֮ɫ𽫳ϸɡ
ʧȥʶ³ȥ
׵𶯲ûӰ쵽һƬɫڳʧȥʶһɲǣҡˣʮҲǵ
ǵȴǺõö࣬ɫУԱߵı̨ϡ
ˣˣˣ
죬ЩҲˤ˸ͷǣȥΧĻʹֶΣֿű䣬Щ棬ֻΪɣˮˮͬԴͬڣټϴСס֮أڼɽϣֻǣҲֹʲôطɽҪ౶
׵мһΪڱ׵дδյɫ𣬴ʱԡ֮£һ䡣
ɽϣĪϡ𣬻⡢ŵˣ


397 ֳ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬˹
һ۵Ȼǵصɫ
ҡû
ʣʵǿȴ֪֮ɫ֮дڣȴ£ϸоţڻûһ˿˿ԪһԪˣҲʧ
ûԪûм֮ûлԪָܵסɫѵһԵʱɫѾҵӸһ飬ɫЧˣϺҲ²ţҲΪԼĲ²оЦܴҾͲôʹôˡ
ȥڷ쳣״ڣʹâһеʽתţ֮£ֿڵλãȣһڵ
ڵȴֱɫ֮УƮȥоһжĪͷԣԴڶԺڵΣվ׼ǰȥ
ɸ̧ӣûڵϣϵӣֱӱѹſڵأϸ𾪣̧ͷϿȥжô˴ûûܸǾûģʮϰɡ
ϴʱ롰ܣΪԪޡ
ⲻ𣿡
ֹһ䣬ڵǰЩƣɲ֮Ʊ㱻ᶨִȡܣ
ҧƴվ߳һˡһһͷԵأ
ظʮΣ״ϲ̧ţϽڵߣҲǲУѹʵ̫
ڵǵȲˣַɻص˳ϵǰ˿̳ſڵϣŽǰĺڵ֪˾Ǻ⣬׼ٴ𣬺ڵȻǰŴ֮󣬳Ͼúڵ⣬ſʼڵ
һûʲôŵɴ۾˺üӣһ㷢֣òڵɫ㡭
ڵɫΧһƬ𺣣治׿ϸ΢Ĳ𣬿֮󣬳ѵڵҲɫ𣿡
żֲ˼飬Ͻеתܵɫʼϵꡣ
տʼϻЩСϾ֮ǰܱ֮ͱˣڿڱ𺣣ȻڻҲûʲô¶սڣǾȫһ
ãҲо䣬ȴúһ֣ɫڣԪأǢദһ𣬶֮ʹâǴʡ
ܹɫ𣬳еˣһţϻ׼ԪھԪϣȴ˳ɫ֮УԪƺûдɻģϻδδҲţҲɫıȻǱĻˮԪȽϺá
һʱ²˾ģϱһԣԪ˵һڵĻԪʼٵػָţȻɫɢڵÿһϸУѪ⡢ǾһŹ
ԪЧϱûлȥˮԪΪڵǰȥˣҪϡ
Ԫ֧֣΢һ㣬𡶲ɽʹһһˤʮಽŵôһΡ
Ͽźڵǧ˼Ӻڵ˿ʼָٵ𺣣ߣڵһȷĿ֪꣬ߡ
ʲôܣţڵҪ֮أǲǾˮԪ֮أǣڵô֪
ţƮǰĺڵͻͣ켴ɻسϵĻϸպ֪ڵΪʲôַ˻ΪǺڵߵˣڵѾƴߡ
һˡֻûгڣϱ㿴ǰһȺۿȫǰҵĳӣͨɫɫһģһǰ⣬΢Сϸڣûнš֮࣬ĺôһȺ
У
ϵһûа׳յΪֻһȺСӣûʲôˣһأЩֳӣɫ֮桢ֳѾǺܷ˼ȽϿ־ĴˣټϺڵķӦǿֱӷ˻ӣ
ϽģϴӴָһѱⱦɫ֮УͺȻѣȻĩӰˡ
ѽôҲƷȻһ˲䶼סϾȵͬʱַѣʲôأȭͷΪɲҳֿȭս
ʱȺѾӿϲԥȡؽؽҲͣӦɫһƴɡ
ȻϣؽɫУȻ
Զɫӣֱʹһҷնڶʽڱ˲һѾնһʮ
ϣŵǻԪ
һһʮȴûһֻɫ෴ЩӻؽϣײĽ֮ñ˾ȵĳϣһȣؽƷôߣղһУǰٰƷķᱻնһ֧飡
ȻЩӣû˿Ӱ죬ǺúãҺϵĶøŭˣٶȸ
Ϸ¾ȣᶨĿ⣬ͣʹҷնڶʽ
ʹг˵ϡ
Ϊǽ֮ǹ룬նأȻնǾͺðˡʮ㣬ɫΪԪϸͲȱԪҲͲЩˡ
һнһеҷն಻ʹնصĳӣԽԽ࡭
սʮȴǺ֪ǿľζĻ棬֪ǲΪ׵ѿ̺ı֮ɢ𺣵ԼյԵʣΧĳ̶ȣѾôֲǳҲֵܵ硣
ʮĿ⣬Ż𺣣ûһ˸ȥһ£޿ӴָȡһѱȥѱƷδ׹𺣣𺣵ʱ򣬾ѿˡ
׷ױݣڻ𺣵лһ÷ŭĿݺݵض޿棺ȡµӵı
޿һ㶣ȥ˵·ǽͼЦԭǽնɰǰѽҵģҿû
˭նɵԬϣĵػص޿شһ޿棬ҲˣˮԪջ󣬹Ȼܴ󡣡
˵仰泤ϣһΪ֮ףյ鱨һ㣬Ѿǳ޿鱨֮У޿ȻһЦȭص˵˵
ֻǣôһֻ۾һֱֻأ
޿ûа֮ɫ˵о̫ȤԼˡ档
𰸣泤ǲţ˭û¶ֱ۾氡ֻ泤˵ܼһڣһڶֱۣس۾



398 ֥ɺ
ֱۣس۾
⼸־ͬùһ㣬˵޿ָܻĵز޿浱ȻԸ⣬Ҳ֪泤£ϧ
ǣ޿¶Ծı֮󣬴žϲ˵ģ
泤ϼ޿Ҳ¶ЦݣȻģ
ã޿سһ֡
¶ӵɫرߣ޿Ŀ⣬ǲƣʮ֮УռƵλ޿һ֮󣬾˱仯
ڽնλԬϣ͸˵ˣˣȴֻȽԹѹ£޿Ԭ¶ϵġЦ滢Цݡ
ʲô𣿡мңҲüͷﻹţǽշƷ׿϶ڵĻߵһƷףпܸ߳ƷףҪӵƷʦҲڻ¡
òĻһˣǾ޳ϣҲҪշ𣬶Īô˵еһЩҩ
⣬ҡҡͷɽϣҲûгֹڱ׵ĸڣˮ𱾲ڣ䵽˼£ȴһ״̬
Χ˿̸仯Ȼˣʱˣһ仯
ͬʱÿ˵ﶼ϶һʵˮԪ϶һƬı֮С
ͻأж嶼߿ֻ֮һӰ£Ӱûܵı̨һֱǻȥ𺣻ʮ֮ʱȫҫɫâ£һֱ䣬âԽԽʢֱ˫Ѿ̤˱֮Уɫâɢ
ӰڱһȦƮƮȻ˱̨֮ϣ嶫۵𾪣ˣʾ磬һ˭ҲΪˮԪ˭ù
ӰȻĪϡ
һ˶ʧ״̬ʱһӰ£ȴǷû𺣣ǹԹԵ˱̨ϣѿߣӰ
ʱĪ˵ףȻͬСɣû뵽׵ĸڣȻ˺ѹˮԪ֣˵ôһĪĥţСӣȥˣôӰĪǸղڱ׵ľ֮УӦòܰ
ԭкסĪ˵һȻ֮У켴ַֻҪˮԪǾ㹻ˣ
֮ǰ˶䱸ĪϣȴûнҲΪ⣬׵һǣԺһ⣬ˮ»ȴǽˮɱٽӦ÷Ϻüɣֻǽ⺮׸ȡ۲оȴЩѶȡ
üͷˮ
õŵӵߣŵվΤ뵽콣ŵĳ⻹ǵļˣΨնԬϵĵӣһδ
Ԭַŭؿ޿棬޿ϹЦݣӶȴžκˣΪǵξѪԵʣоڸֻ⸽ˣ
ò𰸣޿ҲȥѰңйĪ֮ܣ϶¡оڸ޿棬һ裬޿ԼָоҲɿЦóȴһһ㹩š
޿˿ں׵ǧ֮¡
ʲô
ȻȺ֥ɺ沫ţΪ㹻Ԫ֧֣ԸЩ֥ɺ棬ȫû⡣
֪֥ɺóһֿЦãֱһ֮С
˶ٴνϲ֪
ն˶ֻ֥ɺ棿ϲ֪
ж֥ɺ棿
Ȼ֪ܻشһ䣬ܶ࣬ܶ࡭
Ӹտʼ֥ɺ飬ɱôʱ֮󣬻飬һֱ飡
ǰǰңȫ֥ɺ棡
ۣǰȫ֥ɺ棻ۣԺȫ֥ɺ棡
״̬һʱʱʱȫûʲô⣡
ǣһȥˣȥˣȥˣϿ췢ˡ
ں֮УԪȷȱǣ־ϣϣڸоϣǾһֻĥĥʹʮٱǧ
ȥаЩֳӣǲǴ֮ûһֱͣ
üͷĿƣҷնڶʽˮ¶
𣡡
ȻһХҷնڶʽԤ׵ر˿ѵصʽһն£Ⱥ֮пһͨϲ
Ȼϲûûŵȫֱͨסˡ
ˣΪǵ幥©һȺ֥ɺ룬֥ɺļϸҪϵʱԪָһâ֥ɺûײýȥ
͵ϮңôһСӵóѣ
˵˵ȴ֪ǰСӣͺǿ
ҪܽȺΪãǼֱǡһǸ棬򲻹ˣ˵ųһȺǵصģĳӣ˰Χסļ̡
뵽ϻһ飬񰡣
ʵʵͷϼնһնһǰһһնȥϵĿѵʽõԽԽҲԪѷó޼ɵնţأԺﻹſʮʽѵʮʽںϡ
նһһҹ߳˲׵ľ룬䡱һ죬ǰ֥ɺ棬һƬ
ѵصʽ
֮˿ѵصʽû˷ܣֻпЦĲ
նǰȽѵصʽõ쾳ʱϸնԪɱһкҷնڶʽûʲôеġնԪҲûãǺеԭ
ֻһп絶һУǲ˲ٵԪǰһȺ֥ɺȥеЧϱʹעȴٷŵ֥ɺϣţ֪ЩֳûУҪеĻǿڣ
뵽⣬ϻ飬֮£ֳ֮⣬᲻ỹУж٣Щص⣬ϵעתƵԪʯҩȵʲôûˣܵҵʧɣ
ǰ֥ɺ棬۾⣬ЩӣôǿóȥӦҲҪֵǮɣôţϱ㸶ʵжնڿյ֥ɺ棬ȫս˴ָ
һ֮󣬳ԽԽоˣǰߵٶΪӿôһ㣬һ죬Ϸ˿絶似֮£óն似
һնΧһƬ֥ɺͣס˹˵һƽ΢Զһģ۾ڻʲôԶһģƴҪǰ
ãն似ãЩֳҲã
Ŀ۹⻪
Ժ뵽һ൱Ҫ⣡


399 ס
ն似֥ɺЧóһԾ̶ϲЧģǲǶЩֳӶЧǵĻǸ뷨ǿԡ
ն似ס֥ɺ棬ֹͣ˹ϱʹؽϵػšն似һƬһƬ֥ɺиڻУųϴǰȴ֪Ǻá
ˣʮʱ֮󣬳Ѿ󵽶ʮ׷ΧڵһƬɫ֮УһĨɫɫ
׵ôôۡ
ɫ㣬Ҳһֻ֥ɺ棬һڲ֥ͬɺ档
ϿϸΧڰɫֳΧĳӣϵɫ׻ҪŨ٣Ҳ΢е󣬶Ǽ̣Ҳ
Ⱥƺڹֻɫֳ棬ֻɫֳһȺӵͷĿУЩһһ£ֻɫֳ£̫һ㡣
ɫֳԽԽˣڶֱ㣬Խ⡰СԽǴ̶ɫӣΪԾΪڣն似ֵɫӣҲʼ
ǰɫֳһ˵ҵҪնɱֻɫֳ棬ʲô
һ֮£ֱɫֳնȥЩɫ֥ɺ͵˷֮УֱײȫһҪҪΪӡ
ϸǼᶨеͷԪָһؽһɱǰЩɫ֥ɺ棬ڳϵġն似ɫ֥ɺ淢ġСУʱʱ񡭡
ԽǰʱԽ࣬һС֥ɺײ棬ҲͻƻԪָķǰͺ̣һһѵײЩˣϾԪָܵġ
϶Űɫ֥ɺӳĽƣڻûеɫֳǰʱͱɫ֥ɺСӸˣƣֻڰɫֳĸǰܶ˺ˡ
ʮ׵ľ룬ʱʱ䣬ڼѵߵˡ
ɫ֥ɺ棬ѵصʽն£ֻԭڵİɫֳ棬ͻؽϳ˹ٶȱؽµٶȻҪ죡
˻
һ죬оȦˡ
ţϸִ̣˳ϵоȫѪڷǼӿȥ
ɫ֥ɺϵѪ
ȻҵѪ
ɫأָټȥָʩų֮𣬼֮ȻкףǼ֮ĸ£ϰ˱Ĵɫ֥ɺ棬Ӧز¡
ô˻ᣬ̽˰ɫ֥ɺͷǰɫ֥ɺǿޱȣҲϺԥɫ֥ɺս˴ָ
⣬ΰɫҺ帡ںС
⼸ΰɫҺ壬ӦǴӰɫֳͷġϻ̣ɫҺʲôǲǺһڵѪ𣿡
޴ӵ֪ȴӴָȡһƿΰɫҺװ˽ȥ
Ȼ󣬳Ϸ֣ǰɫֳ棬ͻػҲϷǻ๥ʱ򣬶Ǽ̡̻
۲˺һ·ֻ֣Ҫһֻɫֳļ̣һֻɫֳɫҺ壬һֻɫֳ棬ˣҺһֻڱ仯ţɫҲ󡭡
ǧֻȴûɫֳ棬ɫȻ˱仯Ͼаɫߵ֣
ɣͬǵҺ壬ҪĶ
ϾǰĳѪȳ̶ȱȵȺɱǿй֮޲ûгûǰǹ۲ţоҪץסһҪĶ
УֻΪǿ֥ɺ棬϶˰װߵ㣬ԭͳֻɫֳɫֳ棬ҲֳӪΪ
رֻսñȽǿɫֳ棬ƴΪҡ
ڳ׼ֻɫֳ棬ƴŵɫֳǣȫͣת󷽣ϿĪı仯˳תķȥ
ϿˣԶһֻɫֳ棬ִСջɱҪָߵ͵֥ɺ棬ֳųϷ˹
⡭
죬Щֳ磬ҲǽʵģҲǿΪֻǱ򵥵öˣûʲôĶǣҲûʲôıƣʵģȫִǿߵ
˵ʵڻ϶ЩĪ鷳Ĺֳǣ˲ٺøУеϲǡ
ϲϲǰɫֳļ̣ܹ״ƻԪָķȦһֻֻɫֳ浹νҪǰɫֳﵽɫֳǰĻ棬ͻʵޱȵطϡ
ϲȡּȦն似󿪴ϣɫ֥ɺնȥ
֪˶ãɱɫֳǰɫֳǰһֻ˺Ȼһأȡ˾ĳ˷óۣϣ
ɫֳѸȦƣǼ͵ش֮ϣȴ̲ȥ֣󱻳ץסᣬԴδɫҺ帡ڿУٽƿʬҲŽָ
Щûɫ֥ɺֿʼһֵɱƬż̶ڴսںŰ㡣
ֱ
һֻɫ֥ɺĵֹͣȺ湥ϣ
⣬Цˣֳ棬һֱǰߣרնɱɫֳ桭
һ·նɱŰɫֳ棬һ·ڵǰָķȥ
ʱԼնɱʮֻɫֳ棬ɫҺ嶼װƿ֮󣬳һµʶԽǰߣֳս͸ǿرЩɫӣɫ⣬ҺİɫֳߣŲĹֳ桭
ʶۿŹֳɣǰš
ͻȻɱɣһͣ£Ϊһֻµİɫֳ棬Ҳϣɵǰȥʱɫ䡭
ڳҰģɲһĨɫһѰɫƣôҲϰֻڰɫֳ֮⣬гȺӵֳ棬൱Ӵɫֳ棬Ǿ͸˵ˣǣ
ó𾪵ģȺɫֳм䣬һֻɫĹֳ棡
ɫʵɫıɫɫĿ϶ȰɫҪɫֳܴƻԪָķǺɫֳأʵģ
Ҫû۵Ļϻ治֪ΰ죬ɫֳӦù۰ɣ
ȻִųƬɫֳȥ
·ȻҪǰ
ֻƴƴһ·
ȻﻹĥţûбȺɫֳ滹Ҫ߼ĴڣϸԼĴǣпܡУ
һţϵǸ뷨ԽԽ


400 
սԵһս
Ѿǧളɫ֥ɺ棬ԡѪսЩȺӵ֥ɺ棬ȻѪƴϰֻɫ֥ɺ档
һֱṩԷĻԪָʱҲûˣǷȦڰɫ֥ɺǰ
ŷЧģۡ
ֻϧֻһƬסס
ȫȫһѪս
ѾѪ˶Щֳļ̣һ̽ͿʼճϵѪõǣȺ֥ɺ棬ô󣬿ѪٶȺôؿ죬쵽óľѵĵز
ԣϵؽʹҷնڶʽһֵֻ׼ʹ̣Ϊɫֳ̫࣬ǴԴİɫҺ壬ûʱȥѼͱİɫֳˣ
˰ɫҺ֥֮ɺ棬Աǿˣ
һ㣬ȷʵóЩơ
⣬Ǹ뷨ѰĿʱﻹӿһ⣬Ǿ
ڳһһǿĹУҲһ󹦳ӹΰһֱϵĵƣ
ĵƣȺɫ֥ɺǰҲʧȥЧá
˵֥ɺʵ̫СˣգϻҵˡܡӴǵĻᣬǾǵɫֳļ̴壬Ѫʱ
ֻǣתöô֥ɺȴûаЧ벻еֻܷ뷨Ϊҵһǿʵֳİ취ȴǸơ
ֻһǸ뷨ˣһˣĵĿ꣬ȴЩҡ
߶ţȫúɫļ֮ΧʧѪΪۣڽϰֻɫ֥ɺɵˣ˾󣬺ɫ֥ɺ淢ˣһ̣ϵ۾ֻһƬӰʱɫ֥ɺײ˳ϵؽ֮ϣҲСȻؽ΢ضһ¡
Ȼֻ΢һûʲôˣҪ֪ؽǧټóţǾģɫ֥ɺ棬ĴָСȴܽײòҡ
ȷ൱˾ȵˡ
ɫ֥ɺΪáݺ⼸֣õ֣ǲ֪ˣúɫ֥ɺһײ붼ײͷĿѣţɫ֥ɺٽ̴룬Ѫһغĺ
ɫ֥ɺ˺ðʱ䣬ѪΪնúɫֳ治Ӧĸ¼֮ץסһ˲Ļᣬ̽˺ɫɺͷ˸ԴԹŽ
ɫֳֻһ£ƾٺѪֲ̫ˡһ˵ţһóƿʢºɫҺ壬Һ˵Ѫø졭
Ȼɫ֥ɺʬ壬ҲûзŹ
ʣΧЩӣֿʼһֵɡ
ûмǰԭشڵ״ҪǼǰôһģѪսǱɡ
ϴԭأһΪ˻ָԪôҹͣƣ飬Լظ״̬ǣ⺮ԪΪԼһ
ʮΪаٱ䣬Ϊ˲ľֻΪڶ㣡
֮Ǿͳϵһ뷨뽫ǰĹֳ棬Ϊˣ
ʼͷʱֻЦ֮ˣϾôľȥס޾Ĺֳأ
˵һֻĹֳ棬ҲûãЩֳ棬Ҫľһһģһǵصƣ
ңһЧ
ϾԵˣǰЩֳ档
һ˵ǣҲÿǹֳȵȡ
һֻܿˣѾһʱ򣬾͸оЩҪһΪùȥĹֳ棬пܻʧܡ
ۺôأϾʮɾ͡ڶ㡣
ں޴ѹ֮£ǰƴɱϵڲ֪УѾõǿǿһ飬ȴǶԳ쾭ִ˸ѡ
㻷£ԪȻñȽϿ죬ֱӼȡԪеԪ˵Ǿ̫̫ˡ
ʱˣϻϥţЩѹԪﵽ쾭ķ֮һķ֮ңϸоʱڴķ֮һʹâ˺ܴá
ƴԪżҲ뵽ЩֳǰɫɫҺ壬ǿҪˣ᲻ҲԪأ
ţɳҲûиʵжϾЩδ֪ģ͸ŹŹ֣˭̷֪ǰɫҺ֮󣬻ʲôҪǲǾȡˡ
ԣʵʵţΧ֥ɺ滹ڻţֹ˺üʱ˽һԪټһѾʱ
ΧֹͣˣһƬ
ûɱûɡ
ɫһ䣬ˣĳ棿
̧ͷȥ׵һƬôҲǧֻֻ֥ɺ棬ȻǺɫЩɫֳ˵൱شָ
ɫֳΧź֥ɺ棻ңһȺֳ棬Ѿɫ֥ɺ棬֥ɺ棬ɫֳռıΪ١
һУϵ⣬ʼز
ǵģ⣬Ҳˡ
¹£ȴؽյøˡ
Ϊ²ܽ⣬תҲǲʵģЩɫֳٶȣڵ棬ѹ֮£Ҳһܵù
ΨһģֱֻȥӦԣȥƴƴһ·

һһǰȥÿһƶһֻ֣߳ɫֳΧϼԪָķȥɫֳ档
Ӻ֥ɺΧϳÿһ̺ż֮ҲֳֹĹơ
Ǻɫֳƺܲǰ״𣬰ɫ֥ɺˣǧֻɺ棬ųɱڶ֥ɺȫܿһԣ
սһѣΣյսһƮɽսҪΣգҪҪ
ϴѪֱӭϡ
ֻһ֮䣬Ͼͱɫ֥ɺذΧϽ۵ڵλãؽ赽˼¡
ϵѪڱɣи˵εΰɫҺ壬ȥˣȥֻ·һһϧЩֳ̫죬ڶ㻹ɡ
۾ֻɫֳ棬Ҫ϶Ʋס
ô죿
һһԼʱͻļޱԵһĨɫܶɫûʲô˲𣬿һĨɫȴڰɫ֮УǾͷǳˡ
׷ĨɫĨɫٶشһȺɫֳ֮УͣؽЩֳİɫҺɵɣɫֳҲʼ
⣬ʱһˣ


401 ս
ˣ
ϽĿ궨ֻɫֳϡ
֮׼һֻȫɫֳ棬Ϊǿڰɫֳ֮䣬ץסÿһɵɫҺ壻˳ϴ˿ֻǡһ㣬ưɫֳЩ֮
ҪǣϿɫ֥ɺǿ־
һֻϰĴڣǿô׵ģԲһע
ͺñһ·ĳϣ֪ٴǻԵ
ͺñǰɫֳ棬ɫ֥ɺ̫࣬һֻֻҪ˸ɵɣ
ЩͷڳϵԺһ
󣬳ϱʶֻԽԽɫֳǰ
ССС
кüֻɫֳ汻ն˰ɫҺ壬ֻɫ֥ɺ濴һƬİɫҺΣֿ˿ֻĴɫͬ飬ڣսʤǡ
С͵һ˿У˵ֻɫֳٶȣ湻죻ԭҲһֻɫ֥ɺ׼ȥЩɫҺΣǼ̸ҪɫֳͽɫҺδˡ
൐Ļڶʳ
ɫ֥ɺ浱ŭˣֱɫֳɱȥɷŭ棬аɫҺαķ߿Ҳôģֻɫ֥ɺ棬ȻսȨս֥ɺȺĹء
ԣɫ֥ɺɱʢҪɫֳأ
ϿһĻ¶Цݣԭֻɫֳ棬һ࣡ӿ֮ͬʱҲ˻ᣬȰɫֳ潫ɫֳ̳ʱٳ֣Ӧʮþ˰ɣ
ͷϱһֱֻɫֳ棬Ȼ󿴵ٴԾһĻ
ֻǰɫ֥ɺͿҪ׷ɫֳ棬ͻأӴܵɫֳתӣǼ̺ݺɫ֥ɺͷȥ
׷ҲҪս
ϸɫֳ棬ͬʱϺȻ֣׼ɫֳ棻Ϊ⣬ɫֳӼӲȣɫֳôҲȲϵģֻɫֳ϶̲ɫֳԴ
ȻһĻٴγ֡
Уֳ˴۵İɫҺΣɫҺΣ
̴ˣȻ̴ܴʮֵľȣ뵽ԼΪнɫֳƾʲôͲܴɫֳأǻԵ
ţֿǳĻ棬ɫֳɫֳ֮ûѸȥһԾǰɫҺɵżȥ
ݣ˵һ֡
ɫֳΪɫ֥ɺ棬رǰֻɫ֥ɺ棬Ҳ뿴Լ֮Уôһ棬һСļУ
ĲɢЩɫ֥ɺͲϽǿʼΧɱֻսصɫ֥ɺ棬һƬİɫֳ泯ɫֳȥ
ɫֳ޿ӣ㲻ӣʼ͵սһ̣һ̣ȻɫֳҲˣԼͷúܺãеĲλǸ±󡭡
ϵ۾˿ãǰ⸱棬ϤгֹٴΣÿεִ£һ֪ħӵͽܣͱµΧ
ʱҲѡս
ϲԥٵɫֳʱųֽƣ֣ն似Ѥҫһɱ˽ȥɱɫֳߡ
ҲʱɫֳΣգ̣ɫֳ棬ɫֳļ̲һֻɫ֥ɺͷȴ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬰β
̣ɫֳͷԽԽ
ɫֳС˲ģ˷ŭϢ
ɫֳҪ̴ʱһֵֻɫֳΧ͵ش̽˳ϵ
ͻһ䣬ɫ֥ɺˣɫֳҲؿųϣ¶һЦһͷųֻ֮̽ɫֳﻹɫֳȵգ
Ȼɫֳ滹ɵţȻûϵĻҲǽľҲΣգ͵ֻһ޶ɫֳ汬ˣˣϸϽһָɫҺΣָֽռİɫҺΣȫӸɫֳǰ档
ɫֳļ۾ȻʪˣϴһָɫҺΣϽɣƴȸ㵲ţ
ɫֳȻû׳ϵĻȴڸʲôǼ̿ʼ׼˰ɫҺΣ
̶ִӺɫ֥ɺķɫ֥ɺһֱٴϽһҪƳϵķȥɫ֥ɺ
ǣƴطȴôôƵģż©֮㣬Ѫ֮ס
ƴֵɫֳҲƴɣգۼ䣬һƿɫҺαɫֳˣӱ䣻ţֻ˼Ϣ֮䣬ƿɫҺûˣҲ˰ɫֻǲôƵסһֻͻƵİɫ֥ɺʱֻɫֳѾ˴ɫ
˴ɫɫֳ棬˲٣ңͷ߸¡һĴɫ֥ɺȫһ
ɽ֮ҪսϣǳֽǰռĺɫҺӸһ㶣ϲֻôһ˲ĹͽɫҺθɸɾҲ˺䣬ҺɫӶ࣡
Ͼ̾ѣֳӽ̫̫ˣ
һν֮Ĺֳ棬˰ɫ֥ɺȺУеؽиͣЩɫ֥ɺ棬֮Ҳʼԥûչ
ǣֻɫ֥ɺ֮ȺɫĹֳ棬˽
ȻһأǱ׷ɱĶɱߣ
ͻײһ֮Уһһ׼֮ѸհɫҺΣϿ˺һֳֹ˲ٵİɫҺ֮ȴûнϵɫǰ㣬ĪǣֻҪͬĻǸ߼Ĳɽ
ڳϵ֮У仯ֻ֥ɺֳɱɫֳ˱ܣϷ
ǹֳӭɫ֥ɺʱعͷ˳һۣ¶һЦݣֳ֮ҲȻӭȥ
һһ棬չѪս
սΪȽɣΪЩɫֳʱǰôԥԥģϲö룬׿϶ǹֳӵĹΪֳһֱеؽţ
ǹֳӵĴȴ൱ΣգϾսףһʮҪİϻѹԣ
壬Ȼܶ飡
һХܲˣתУԪƵƥӿӶȼճ֮𣬴һȭ֮γУЩɫֳ˽ȥ
Ҳôǹֳӳȥ
ǰӰ˺ĹֳսֳӸṆ̀ͣش̡̡̡̡
һһ֮ͨ£ʮֻĹֳ棬ȫɵˣֳֻѸޱȵٶȣɵڿеҺΣȻӾͱ˺ɫͷ¡𲿷ȴԣ
ɳӼƣ£ʹһУ˺ʵ̫ɫףӻЩȣ
ͬʱԶĺɫ֥ɺһ
ʱֳֻӣͻһתļ̣ϴȥ


402 С
ļ̣ϵӴ˽ȥ
Ǻ޷ôҲû뵽ᷢ¶
֮ǰϵȷŽֻ廹ɫʱɱɫ֥ɺĹֳ棬ƴһѣסɺֲֳ־
Լȳ棬ΪԼԸսҲܱܽ˵ĿƣֻƢͬĹֳҲˣϷáȥ
ڣԸģһƬģȴǺݺݵش̡
һ̣̽Ǵ̽
һ˲֮䣬ͷȴָоûǰðɫֳжѪԺһЩʲôƺֱֳֻӹϵôһƵĸо
ϿŹֳ棬ֳеؽţһصȴˣ֮ĳϣ֪ղ˹ֳ档
ֳ治ҪҲҪѪΪ˰
һ֮󣬳ϸоָ˲٣õõһڹֳһ㡣
ͬһ̣еѪֳȴΪ˳ϲ
һСжȻصһ㣬Ϊͬǿߣһֱ
ֳеرԼл֮תֻɫ֥ɺ˹ֳҲ߾ټ̣ɱȥǵص֥ɺ棬ףȫһսȴǵ
ɫ֥ɺ湥ƺֳͣ治֪ǲΪ˳ϵԭս÷ǳ࣬ڹֳޱȣԾܱܹλãҪȥǹֳʮа˾Żᱻɫ֥ɺɡ
ϻڻŹֳ洫ݣ˵е֣ˣ
ˣϻУֳΣգҲͲٹսֳսš
ϸһ֥ܵɺҲŶҪϸ赲ס·ǲҪ뵽ս㣻ϲŲô࣬ҪֳֻúõģҪ
֮ҫϳһˣǹѹֱײȥ
һһֹ˱仯ɫ֥ɺ治УֳһɨǱ֮࣬ͷһһ̵׼ɫ֥ɺͷ
ڣڲӣɫ֥ɺʮκı£ֳһ̸˽ȥֳɫҺΣٶȺܿأֳϵĺɫѪޱȣͷ¡Ϊͻ
С
𣬳Ϸӿ֥ɺͻȫֹͣȻ󰲾ԳϺ͹ֳ棬γһԲȦԲȦչ
ףֳѾһȺӵ죬ֻҪֳ治ЩӾ͵ĻγԲȦҲǹֳԸǣסϡ
ˣֳֻѾȥĺɫ֥ɺ漸£и˼κɫҺΣΪʲôɵʱ򣬹ֳֶԳеؽ
ȻָָԼıӣ
ֳнȴǽгɵЩɫҺΣϵǻɹֳ棬ֻǾùֳҪӦöһЩŶԣ˵ԼհɣӿĽ
ֳ淵صϢȴǣҪٽҪ߼ͬѪ
ѪȻѪ
ùֳ˵ҲͲԥɫҺ£ɫҺһϵڣͱЩи÷飬켴ɢÿһطǳϵ̫ӴûоʲôֳѾ߳ſ裬ǰ
ţ˵ҽСɣ
ллˡСִϢСһЩϢ
Ȼ󣬳֪ɫıףף֪ߵĹֳ֥ɺ棬֪⺮׵Ļ𺣵ײ֥ɺ⣬һֻɺӴޱȣƤ֣ǳǿɺ֥ɺΪʳɺƺغʲôһΧ֮ڣҲΪ֥ɺܷչģ
⣬ϻ֪֥ɺ䳤ãͽ׵ɫ֥ɺ棬ֻҪˣֻҪǱɱǧǸûģȻԽߵĴڣľԽã
ôСһҲǧ꣬ǲȡϸпţȴͻ뵽ֻɺػĶˮԪɣ֥ɺѾˣɺȴǰ֥ɺ浱ʳ
أһһɣȰСøǿ˵
ţڵȡ˳ڵձȡоܵϢϽϵĻֱ꣬ЦѣӲڵ棬һڵ֥ɺûǷ𹥻ְĵظڿУǰƮȥ̬ôһְͦصĸо
ˣĿǲǺܼӲڶʲôأϺǲ⡣
׺ֵһĻǵص֥ɺ棬һˡһһ棬ƺƵǰһ·ϣ˺üȺ飬ͷĶǺɫ֥ɺ档
Сͬ죬Ͳóϳֱָ´ɱһԷɱȥսʤսĺɫҺȴȷֳݣСһݣһݣڵһݣ
ǰСƭǲҪǺɫҺΣҪƽ֣óҲɣɳ˲٣Ҳûʲô쳣仯
Լ߳˰ңһȺ֥ɺ棬һȺ֥ɺȴǻƽɫģһأϡСһ֣ǺڵҲٿ־壬Ȼ֣ڵãǵסƽɫ֥ɺĹż¡
·Χɫ֥ɺܿ첻УͷǻƽɫҺΣϺͺڵûȥɣȫСؽ
ɱֻƽɫֳСȫΪ˻ƽɫͷ¡λַ˱仯ۿȥ۾һСҲ׳ȭͷС
֮սǻƽɫҺƽ֣ڵЩҺεʱΪ˷ܣֱóΪڵ֮Բǰǰ㺦£ǲǾҺθջģ
һ·ɱһ·ձಿӣǵΧѾɫɫܵԶ޵ĵطΧһƬ䣬Ǻɫɫ
һֳɾ͸УȴЩƣʮֻ֥ɺҪܴóȥԸһڣǽǾɣϵƣһȺɫΪ֥ɺˡ
˵ޱĬسȥΧɫ֥ɺһʹңɫ֥ɺȷ֣ҲüޱȣСߵ£ҲЩС
𺣵ײһһĶ񶷣̨ϵȫȻ֪
ǣǵ۾һֱŻ룬һɫһʱԾУһͷˮԪҪ𣿡


403 
ɫ֥ɺ棬ڳϱˣںڵ޹⣬Сһ󶴵Ĵ֮£ڱˣ
ΣСɫҺηֳݣϼֲҪСҲɴ࣬ɵһݣţԭº͸յ£ƺƵٴǰ
֮£ڵҲһɫҺΣ꣬ڵȻǺڹ⣻ϻûиоʲô仯
˴ɱֻɫ֥ɺСȫ˴ɫͷǸ۾ĴڣޱȣڵҲ˱仯
ӴĶ仯ųǵĶϽɫ֥ɺ档
һ·⺷ȥСɫִɫ͸ɫѾжʮ״ССǰ¶ޱصı飡
ע⵽ˣ̸ǰʲô
֥ɺ
뵱𣿡
ã˻Ӧұ

ҸĸһΪңڵɱˡ
ûȥпӵҲһնűѣҲûоԼȻ֥ɺǩϵֻµ˵Һͺڵһս
СﴫϢߵսֻܿԼܽˣǲᱻϵģ壬Լʶ֥ɺǲһģ
ȻСô˵ˣǳϻ˼룬УҩУʺСҲûУ󣬳Ͽڵʱ۾ͻһ¡
ڵ͵һǸӦ˳ϵĿһ
ЦţȻѺڵô˺ڵģزٵģѪѪڲͬ˵ĺڵãС϶ҲãǰЩЩ֥ɺѪȴûʲô仯һò̫࣬Ҳп仯ͱϸˡ
С
СԵ˳ϵǰ͸ɫСһݵӣϻôһϢݺһѪͿ쭳ȫ䵽Сϡ
ˣʲô
Ѫȫɵûнֻͣ
С䲻׵ô¶ȴ˲ẦʵϵѪһΣϽԼѪ˽֮һСûʲô仯
˰˸ʱԻָһ㣬ַ˽֮һѪ
֮СʼˣصϢȸԾڳϵʶҸоһǰδеӴҸоҪˣֽ븸ĸҵļ䣬ȫͬ
ҵѪ̺һֻҪѪ仰ֻţûСֻ֪СúõգСʶȫǸмһĸмĸм
ˣҲʧģ
СϢ֮ƴ
͸ɫѪɫת䣬תĹУСҪѪԽԽ࣬ʼϻа˸ʱϢʱ䣬ĸʱʱڣаʱ
ָһûκε鵤ҩ׵Ļ֮УԪҲ۲ˣеСҪֹͣɣȴǿȻС˼̶ļЩƽɫ֥ɺ棬ȻըըĻƽɫҺθ˳ǰ
˵ƽɫҺλãϻָ˲٣ȴȻֲѪŶʧ
֮Сɣʮ״СȫѪ죬Ѫɫһģһͷ¡𣬸۾ˣһһֻ֣Ҫ۾һĪƵġ
˼£׼úûָ֮ʱСһϢɹģ
С¸гЩ߼֥ɺ潫ϱýһȺ֥ɺ洩ںСĪţ϶ܹǸ
УС˺ֻܶ͸ɫ֥ɺ棬ϵǿԼʵڣСͣǰһֻʹâֵʮҵ֥ɺ棬ɷɱ֣Ϊֻ֥ɺ棬ɱĸ֣ĳˣ
˼棬ۺ졣
˷֥ɺȫ˵ԶԶģ˱ϵȺ֥ɺ棻ͣǸַŶԷֻʹâ֥ɺСӣϾСϵѪɫȰɫһ׵ĺɫĶȥ
СȥʱҲǸ֥ɺ㲻ֱСĽ
Ȼɫ֥ɺΪĴģ˴ۣСĸɫ֥ɺŭŷСеôʼ
һߵƴɱճɷ
߼սеʱͻ˱仯ˮһ㣬һ˲䵽űҵϢƺʲô¶
䣡
ǰըһڻ𺣵ײ𺣵ײ𶯡
ı̨֮ϣڵøɫԽԽңǺױŽڱ̨ϣĪϿͻȻ仯üͷ嶫ˣȴǴεЦݣ϶ˮԪҪˣˮԪҪˣ
޿һ߹עű仯һڸҲ棬ΪЩȴҲǲںġ
ңʱ˿̣һڵĽᣬѾĻ
𺣵ײֻɫ֥ɺЩţƵƵðĵطͣСеؼţƺʲôҪСھס֣ȥǱߵ¶˵
Сȴô࣬Ծɷؽţͷһһشȥɫ֥ɺҲŭˣͷųˡҪҾͳȫźš
ɫ֥ɺðɫâӦ׼һ
ϵһӾᵽɤ۶һˡ
Ϣ֮ɫ֥ɺͷֻ۾͵ɫâСϣСӿʼСԽԽС
ĻţԲû۵ĺڵҲһҪȥӣ
ڵ֮УСͷѪ۾Ҳ͵ˣɫâɫ֥ɺִǾȣ
ֲͬϿһеΣɫâĻ𣬶Ѫɫâȴɡ
һΪ˴ػضԷһǻԷΪã߲̫󣬱ɫ֥ɺ̫ǿǿһӾͰСˣСȻǱɣȻڵȴǣСɫ֥ɺ治£ߵڼɫ֥ɺٵٶȣǿ
󣬶Ӯ䣬Ҳˡ
ӺСһȥ⧲ش̽ɫ֥ɺͷɫâʧСô𣬳֥ɺߡ
ɫҺΣֳͬݣյСִЦЦҲȴ֮ˣڵɫҺΣСַϢˣǰкöǿȥ


404 棬״
Сǰкöʱ򣬳ȴûзӦ
ΪϽɫҺյں󣬴δʲôӦ˱仯ǰôĸɫҺΣûʲô仯ǰĻۣɫҺαһݣﵽʱ䡣
ظоһα죬ڵ⣬ҵڵʹâҲͨһһתÿһѪΪһ塣
оЩ仯֥ɺļӲر͸ɫ֥ɺܽǰѹŽײССȱڣֻйؽ
ЩϲЩڴɫ֥ɺôǿɫ֥ɺ棬ֽǶôǿ
ۣùŽϴһ̣棬̳ǡĽûһ˿ۼȻŽҲûб֮ࡣ
ܿȹŽ壿
ֱһҸˣ
Ժ󣬾ͿԺûԪָͻٱ¶Ļᡣ
һһʱֶһֱϣ
ԽǿҾ͸ܽЩŵһһɣ

һ˲䣬ܶͷԺţҸһסףкþлղų뵽ģǺõģڣһģҲð˳
ǿ壬ҪԪܴͨ
ܼͨǡĵڶô죿ǡаٱ䡷ô죿ǡľô죿
ЩǺҪģȱġ

뵽ЩֻǿЦ֪ҾͲŵ׵ҵӴԪ߶ɱ켸ȻǿǸöã
õ뷨ֻһ¥Զʵˡ
ˣôһջѾܲˣҪʲôأʱƴԼΪԪǿûƷʸǿȵȣֻҪ⸱廹ڣֻҪһţܻа취ͨġɥᶨ˵ˣһ似ƴΪͬʱٶЩ似ֲһЩȱġ
˵ͨԼЦ˵ս
Ȼ󣬳ϲСϢǸöǲˮԪ֮ʱȴˡһ
һڶ
ϲͷԴأߵģȴֻڵ
ɫҺεĺڵִһ㣬ⲻص㣬صǺڵʼˡˣǳн࣬ǳƵʡ
ڵҪˣϲϲЩҺǿ壬ڵõʲôأ
СҲźڵصԽԽ֥ɺЩ궯С̣еһУһۿͷ֥ɺ棬ʱҲҶˡ
ֻʣǱ߲ϵĺ¡кڵġˡ
ԼʱڵȻֻǡˡӦһҲûϲټȥֱӽĺڵӽָСǰ䴦ȥõһǿĳϣҪ𺣵ײҲܶסѹ̤ǰˡ
ȻСǵٶȣ˲٣СȴûԼǰͣ˳ϵļϡ
𺣷ԽԽˣʱıĵش
߽һХڳϵĶΧĺȫ˱ߣϿȥǰһȻҲǴɫģڱƽ״ͷȵȫ֣ǳϴûмģСѣѾ֪Ȼɺ
ɺХǶųǷģΪɺŵİϢһХڳ϶׻ǳ˻𺣣λĶ
Х𺣵ʱ򣬻ŻֱɿС
ХĪ˼üͷ
嶫ɫ䣬ХĪ滹ʲôĴڣĪˮԪػޣǵĻ뵽嶫һѾ
˵ɫҲÿǵõ鱨йƲ²⣬׵ˮԪ಻ƷԪǰļʽ׵мȻѿǰһƬ׵Ļ𺣣ƵХˮԪƷԪô򵥣
߿Դ󵨵һ룺ĪǼƷԪ
½ϣƷԪʯٵÿôܻмƷԪĴڣ
ǣǵĻôǰһһУ
е˶ںţ嶫һڵûҲһ㣻ȥ֪ͨѾˣΪףȲ˵ХػޣǰЩˣȫܿƵģôһӳô⣿ǺãˮԪһڱҪᵽ֡
嶫õǲ࣬ﻹҲãˣػƴ֮Ұӣˡôһ룬ְһ£΢΢һͷ
ڽնԬϣ콣šŸλϣӦڵǿ֣߳ˮԪôһűض˶
޿滹ڴ˼ǸձХѹСһ£ֳ֮ˮɱٱȥˡ
ڳΪĪϣȴһ̬ĵģֻǸСӣ֪ȥ˺δ
𺣵ײϺСûɺХ뿪ɺԷŭˣХƺڲͷóǹ
ЩХóϵĶ䣬ֱóϵ飬һӾ˵Ʈɽʱ򣬡
һһХһڳϵԺֱõͷĿѣģСҪΪһ㣬ϲԾҪü̴̽ʱϵѾҧͷʹóѹ
ϰһգҵ־Ѿĥ㹻ǿҪȻХҪҵɣ
ܵģɲǳϣб̨ϵҲХʧ˲ԭ򣬵ʱ˺ܶ࣬㼴ЩҲϽ񣬷𾪸йʲôĹֳܴù𣿡
ʱ˿̵ǣûҪӣȫõˮԪô֮õ棬Ҫ£˭ָ˭˵ȵȡ
Хŵɺû¶һĳϣХһ٣ŴŭһҡΣһţһڣΧĺױȥ˺öࡣ
ţɺȫһˮ˳ڿҪϵǰʱˮȴˣһˮĻϺС
һˮĻϣδϾϢĸо
ɺ˺ףҪ
ͻأǾġۡ
ɺ˹ϣޱȵתӴӣ棬ֻǰ棬һ֮𡭡


405 ֮
ˮĻϮϻδ֣СֱȥˮĻƣѵˮĻʧڻ˺׵һ֣
֮𣬻ɫҲɫһ紵Ҫ㣬ʵʵڵġ硱ĸ֡
ǣôһСŻ֮
𺣶˱仯Ͽܣޱȵĺףͻذ
ţЩ׾֮
ⳡ⻭棬ϵĸоǣЩ׾ͬ˼ա󳼣ߵݵһ
ûָоߵĳݣ
Żʲô𣿾ȻߵݣϾˣȻҲ֪ؽʱҲߵݡ
̨棬ҲֵĻ棬ܵĻ𣬷ȫм䡣
֮ȻҲ벻ߵݡ۶ֻǾˮԪĳˣЩˮԪ
֮˵棬գЩҲֳӭģ֮ȻƮȥ
ʱɺ֮֮Ļɢ·һ˲Ҫ𣬿֮ȥҡΣȴƫƫȻ
ɺҲһθһεǿҴţȴЧãɺǿХſٴ³йɹɵˮҪĻϨ
ֻЩˮ֮ʮ֮ʱͱסˣȻֳ˻𺣵һӡ
ɺ߳ŭӴӲܻ𺣱ɢҡ
Ż𣬾ˮԪϿ϶ֻɺǵҪǻϨŻ𣬹ϵʲô
֮У۾һǴӴָȡؽɺɱȥС϶ˣҲЩ͸ɫ֥ɺ棬󣬺ƺƵɱȥ
÷õˮԪҲã뿴֮ҲգٻҪ뿪Ʋɺð˲ġ
ҪǵϵĻûôģǰɺ󲿷ֵע֮ϣսӦû١
Ȼ似֮Уֻпѵصʽ΢еôˡ
ֱóȫԾУѵصʽն£ɺԸоߵ춯ȴͷûתһۣȻ֮
ؽն£նɺм䲿λԳڵʵնѵصʽнҲôɣһػɺȴֻôһϸϸ˺ۡ
⣬ϲϲƤôӲƤҪǽƳɷףζ϶ã
ţȴûͣ£ѵصʽʩչɺճһʹѾ͵תӣֻ۾ŭȻû뵽ϾȻȻֻһСӣȻ˿ڶ˵ûʲôӰ죬ɶ˵ȴ޷ŭˡ
ɺŴ죬Ҫϸ̽ͻأ֮ϸȥ״ɺҲ˲ĳϣϽ׷ȥҲûдɷŹϡ
ǴβͰ˹£
ҲʱСһȺ͸֥ɺ棬͵ش˽ȥСǴ̵ĵطǳǰǸ˿ڴ
̲ȥɺȴûзӦ̫Ӵˣע֮ʱСǿʼѪɺҲûʲôǵرٶ
βȻϺݺˣϲܣȻնɱؽϴβͣһСС˿ڣβҲݺ˳ϣ
飡
ֱӱڻ𺣵ײѪӱӺǴҲһĵʹɺһӣô󣿡
ȻڻײܵѹͺܴҲᱻŴɳȻΪɺȣΪѾﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȣ
ˣСиӦ𣬺Щ֥ɺ棬ɫģǻƽɫģֻǺɫİɫģʹɫģȫηسɱɺذΧǵļִ̲̾ɺƤ⣬ֻгϿ˿ڣ֥ɺڿš
ɺסȥ·ѣŤӣܲٵ֥ɺͱ䣬ۿ֮ԽԽߣɺҲ֥ɺǣֱ׷ȥ
ڵصĳϣ˫һץأҪһץȴץסʲôһ͸ӵı֮д϶һôһͬɫü䴿
岻֪ʲôɳ֪϶ǺöԥؽŽ˴ָһ֣ץһɫĺ񣬳վ˫ƶҲ˲ٶѵضǺ񣿡
Ǻ񣬳Ҳȥȡˣɺõö࣬ҲֻǸƣͷˮһա
ɺٶȼ죬ԽԽԶڿûʵ︡ȥ뵽ҪԼ֪²ȥҪЩ£¶ʼ˰ɡ
鼱֮£ֱӱˣһԾøߣԾʱؽŻشָ˫ߵʱش¡
ƤⳬǿɺȻûóʧֱ̽ֱһ̣ɺʹѣһҽУŤøط֥ɺҲ׷׶䣬Ψд˿ڴСȸ߽׵֥ɺǣڷѪ
ȻҲҧץȣɺϣ
֮ԽԽ죬ɺԽǼ·ֻҪ֮𸡵棬òԼҪĶ㣬ֻһƴذڶӣһſڣٴ³ˮεˮԴ˲٣ûбɺף֮Լа˾ʱˮѳһˮĻǰԸһˮĻԴ˲١
һ·޿ɵ֮ʱܵĺ׷׷׽ˮĻȴôҲɺ֮ȴԽԽ
Ϊ˲ʹóѣҪ֪ͨСǰȥһæʱ֮룬һӣˮǰ͸Ӻڲͣת
ˮԪ
оһ˱ǶѹǿˮԪغȳ
ˮԪôһŻ֮У벻ס
ɺǿӱ³֮󣬸˷ˣٶȸˣӣǳȥİ㣬ˮɫڽӴǸˮĻʱͿʼȥ
أǻɺףǻˮ
ɺһҲţ³һˮĻ֮棬Ȼɺ͵ؼٳˮԪδϡ
ȴһҪֱӽˮԪڸļʽ
̨֮ϣŻ𺣵Ķţţ˷š


406 ֮
ɺҪǼпˮԪˮɫӣˮɫٶȶȻӿ죬ø
ȻɺӴ󣬵СһȺʵߵ֥ɺ棬յѪҲǲСѾ˲С˺ɺӵĴڡ
геôͨ͸ǵĴ˽ȥõ£δܹ˵ӣʼһһľʹ
ȻһУɺûȥᣬȥᣬҲֲȫ׷ˮɫӣȴԱһˮĻס֮˿ˡ
·ɺǧغ򣬾Ϊһˮɫӡ
㣬ôˮɫӳģ
𣡡
ɺһȣԶԶǰХ̨ܺͣ棬һƬ𺣣ȫԾ˿Уȥ֮֮٣ϣ𺣵ײʲôڱըһڿеǱͻȻԾĺ׸һзӦģλõ͵ģҰĲλģһ죬׸˸ȫ£ʱɫ԰ףһûжǵʲô˺
һĻڻгǣȻ֪
ֻɺ֮ӴȻ٣һ˲䣬׷ˮɫӵƣɺı£ɲڴˣܻ춯֮𻹱֣ɺԾû𺣱ǧ֮ˡ
һԾûиСʲôӰ죬ΪСǵɺ˵һɽһСʯӶ𣬲ɺϵ˿ڣ˲١
ңСͺһ󣬸η
ȴС˳˿ڣһͷɺѪѪɣСѪŨСһ󵨾ٶѾɺںȴ޷
СԼȥ˻㣬֮˿ڴ͸֥ɺ棬Ҳ˽ȥ
Щɺ˵ҲɲʲôӰ죬ں棬·ǵص֥ɺ棬ڽӵ֮˿ڴԴԴϵظ
Щ֥ɺ棬ܺİ׵ģȫɺѪ֮棬ǹɺһˡ
һԾ֮Уȴ羭һ֮УҪһεõǿĴֻ¾һԾ֮УϵӾɢˡ
ˣҲܣҧס۾ȴ֮ǰߵݵĻ棬иֳһ󵨵ͷҽ֮ˣʲô
˲֮󣬳Ŀ͸ִţ
˵Ծ֮ɺȻԾˮɫӵǰŵôޱȣˮɫӣǰٶȳȥǾ͸ոպã뾨ڣͶ
ˮɫͻһת䣬Զֱ֮ɺ󾪣ƺЩɵæһ׷һ߹ľ
ɺСˮɫӵٶȼˮɫҲͨ飬ǹΣʶֱӱ֮𣬶һȦһȦӽ֮
ˮɫɺӰ죬ӴӣתǷ
ɺǿҪԵˮɫӣԲʹ˷֣ƻˮɫӵƣһڼ׷ϣˮɫӰ죬ǰ뾨˵Ҫࡣ
ˮɫǰܣɺں׷һһ׷ʶ֮Уȴ֮ΪģȦһȦһȦ֮ԽԽ
ɺҲûдţ֮ϿǻһˮĻȻ֪Ż򵥣ֻܴԼˮĻѾ㹻סŻˣΪǳûȫɳ
͵أˮɫһ׹׹֮ɺХƿ𺣵ȥˮɫӼƲַɵһߣɺ߲֮
һ˲䣬һֻˮĻ
Ȼؽȵľһ̣ؽеȫˮĻĵһ㹥ȥ
ˮĻơ
֮ץסᣬ˳Ҫˮɫӻϡ
ȻؽˮĻɲǣؽָһֻ֣ͻظ֮棬֮պñһץס
֮ץһȫסĸо
Ҳͬһʱ䣬ڱתòУȻת˼ޣͻ˼ޣӺڵʹâ˲Уÿһ䡣
ǹɱĸоʧ
龪һ
ͬʱ龪һĻɺϴˮĻʱ۾ľţһ¶ţϽ֮ץǾȵĿ⣬˲ת˼ЦЦϵĲΪɲܵġ
ɺҲϣϽ֮ϸһˮɫӸˣٵͷʰϣһȺƽʱ֮Ϊʳ֥ɺ档
ˮɫӼ֮˳ϣɺıϣˮɫ޷ֻ÷߻ϵ뷨ֳ漲ȥ
õ֮ȴǷ˳ǰ󣬳֪Żͬһ㣬һˮԪڻУôܼ򵥵ˣ
ָǿ϶װ֮ģһ£Ǹֱָӳ˷ĩ
Ҳûκװⲻ֮֮ȻҡҡλΣһӣɳȴ֮濴ĳЦ
һأüͷֵɺ׷ȥѹʹϢ֮󣬳Ժ뵽һװ֮
ֻǣ뵽֮󣬳ϵıǧ򱶣񷣡
Ϊǡ壡
һ˲֮󣬳˾ֻƴֵǰ
ܽ嵱һҲܽ嵱ɴָһ䣬ֶ֮˵һѣܽɣɲһŻ𣿡
ҡڲ֮һ仰֮ͶסˣƱʩ˶ûȴкܶೣĴڡ
ûгץס֮ͣ
ϲ˵ٵģģס֮ͻرɢޱȵң𺣣
ƺ֮ĴŭٻǧףĽĻš
׺ѹ˷ѹҪϼѹƬǵ
ѹϮޱȣϵǣѹ˿˿Ѫ
ֻǣϵ֣Ȼץô־ôᶨδһ˿ҡ֮ţ֮ߡ
ܵѹģֻǳϣɺΪǽɺϡ
̣ɺٶȷ
ˮɫȴӰ죬ٶȸȥ
״ɺŭХһѪһ߷ȥ
ϵƶȻֻ֮ǳȴǲСӣϷȼһУ֮ƴţ
ڣ
ˮɫӳ˻𺣣
֮ϵ죬ߣ


407 Ҿ
ɺƣ֪Ҫ֮ڣȻҲͲ֪ӴѹӺζѹҪֵˮɫӣȴԽԽԶ
ˮɫһɳ𺣣ѭɺôػͰ׷ˡ
ΪˣɺҲƴȥԽԽصʹ֮УҲȥѪⱻѹѹѪֻ̬Ƕˮɫӣֻ۾ǷŭѪһƬ
ƯڿеǣԾؿŷŭĺ׻𺣣һһظһظߣ¡ϣÿһˣÿһ̺Ӵܡ
һУֱľй¶ܣѾ泤ĳӦˡ
ΣչȻΣգǣûһ˺ˣΪΣ֮УĪĻǶΪ϶ˮԪҪˣҪˡ
˭ҪڵһʱˮԪҰȫ뿪׵õĺô˭׵ͻ𺣵Щ䣬֪ˮԪ϶Ϣ˵ôͨ
ʮÿ˵ﶼš
ʱ˿̣޹غʵߵֻͣ棬ʵߵʵߵ㷨ʵ͵Ҳʵ͵ļƽϣǿг֣һΪˡ桱֡
ڳ֮УʵߵģȻĪɣ˼ɵŵҲĪϣ޿ҲڼɵţΪǲ֪ĳһ̶ֳ˵ͬһӪģü˵ڳļʵǿ
ֻǣ˭֪ѣϱˣ
ھԵӵ嶫Ϳߣڻ𺣲ϽУͻضһۣһ֮󣬱ޱ顣
Զڰ۲޿棬˼⡣
նԬϡųϣ콣ųϣγ֮ͬͬƣ
޿Ȼ泤Զ𵥶ΧͳзʣµļҲ໥š
콫һУһҲţЩȻʱڣɲ鷳ҲͲٻ⣬Ϊǵ̫ͬˣͬЭڱ׵֮⣬һֻֻҪȡˮԪаٷ֮ٵİգȫѡ
ֻǣΨһЩȷأĪϡ
һ˲ĹĶ֮ˮɫӳ𺣣Ȼ׻ƣʮȫ˳ˮɫӡ
ˮԪ
֪˭Ⱥһƴɱʹ˱
һʱ䣬붯֡
ĪϡжͿˣΪʵ֮ǰʩչֶΣԲˮɫץȥУĪռƣпץˮɫӡ
ڴ˿̣жͿͬʱʩչУˮԪ˵ĴУȴڰ;ͻۻأԤϵɱĪϣǼ
ϵ൱ĬǾѵһдΪΪǰӵһۣһ֮УȺĪϣľֳȥٷʤ
Īϵȫעƶˮɫ棬˵ĹȻʱĪɫ䣬ɫâ˫һָԪƵײˮɫӣӱײɵ⼸ɵİһһ
Ī˵ĹѪԶ嶫ͿֱЩԾȻǵĶ˴Уǣô˵ʽһ֮ôױأ
ǣѾûʱȥΪʲôǺԥתˮɫӣȴɱЩİж˶Ǹ߽ЩİߵҲнǿ֣֣
ˮɫӳ¶Цݣ֪ĪϵֶΣֱΪԼˮɫӵҪѰҵԵˣ
ˮԪȻҪѰΪ
ԣţˮԪҵģˮԪҵģ˭ҲߣУɿˮԪץȥ
˵ǿˮɫӣΪ𺣣ɺ׷֮󣬾ͻӳ죬֪滹ôڵЩ˵Ķռͼֱٴλص𺣣ȴһǿı˷ײһˡ
ˮԪףһ˲ץС
ɾʱɱУϮ
ɱв嶫˴ģǸղŻĬͬߣɱ
ȫˮԪϵĳ֮£ϵɱС
ԣˣݺһֱĸ˸ԴԹѪڿգֱ׹𺣣
ͨ
˻ҵʹбǵĺ⣬ʹ˹۾ﻹвģ۾֮ȥˮԪƴػסӣʹ䣬ﻹţˮԪҵġҵġ϶ҵġ
ԭʵں׵ĻһƬ׵ѾץðߣȫȥԸϡ
Ȼ󣬳һ
Ҳֻһ߶ѣȥ
ȥܣƴɱڼ
зûвսնԬˣˮԪȥ嶫߹ȻˣסЩİԬϸסˡ
޿棬ϣˮԪΪһһ󹦣ܹһڵĳţ泤ϴ޿ӦһһҪΪһº͵ӡ
泤ϡ޿죬˳ˮԪ泤ֶԬ˺ȵһڻʲôԼӦװɣ
ޱȵغȳһ䣬泤ֶ޿޿棬ҵסȥȡˮԪ
泤ġȻ졣
ǣ
޿Ӧһֱ죬һߣƾһҲǰҹ˵У֣һƺ޿棬޿ӦˣԶ

泤ϼ޿һϢʱ䶼ûӵŭѵڿдŹ³Ѫ޿棬ȴһЦ滢ϤޱȵЦݡ
Ҳҹ
泤ϳ֣泤ȻһԬҲͬʱ֣ˮԪ
ƻޱȣ嶫ǰֶԵУԼˣȴںɱһİߣһн䵽𺣺Ҫһ˵жͻֳˡ
нҲ׹£
ءءء
УһɱзŭֵĻɣڡ
ֻΪҧѪһڣ֮죬켴أҪ̵֮֮ȴض
Ͻҧסƴʣȫʹâƴ֮£ͣͻһһļޣǧʹ࣬ڽ֮ʵ
Ȼ󣬿
۾¶ɫԼľݣ
ţһȭԼĺȥ
ɺҲƴȥ


408 ̻
嶫ͻɱ֡
ͬģҲһɱ嶫
һĻ˶ûгԾûзŭֻƴöԷ䣬ȥܣֻҪ֮Ķɱ˭ʤˮԪͱضģΪģΪڳˣ˭Ϊܸ߹ǣ˵һҲ
жը¡ǺѪ˳ס
ˮɫӻڿתţȥ泤صֵĹԬ˼ˮԪ˵ˣսĲսƶΪ
ֻ˵ļʽһսˣҲڸƴ뽫ˮԪץ֡
ڣ콣żնԬҪˮԪץˣûжһ£ԬϳˣԬзȴȻ˵ҵĹֹס˳ƣˮԪԶȥ
ԬϴȣǾȻҶҳ֣ǲˣɫȴ˦˦һֻۣ׷ˮԪȥʱ˭ʲôˣһڶ£һնɣ
嶫۾վһߵ۾һתԶˮԪ͵طһɴ
ɴĳ֮£ˮԪȻķ׷ȥ¶ϲ֮ɫҪȥץȴü¶Ц
һ˲䣬ڿգһָһɽնˮԪһ㶣˵ϣѵҲͬЭ
һı˪ѵǱΧɣ

һʣ㷴Ӧڴʱ˿̣˾ˮԪɲôõģ˭ҪץˮԪضϳΪĶ
ʵߣпܳȥ֪ԼмＸ˵ȥǸõˮԪͻᱻ𺣰ɣ
ҲΪˣ嶫ŸҽˮԪǱߡ
ллϡ
һ亹Īм˵˵ѣӦġ
嶫뽫սţסնλϣøڳʱ䣬Ƚ˿ߣǣƻȴһˣ嶫ȻǷŭѣ޵˼£ȴʲô
ΪһɲһӵģˮԪѾߣ
ҪǿץˮԪǺԤϣпܻʹ嶫ȥҲǷɿ죬˫ָԽԽ󡭡
ۿҪˮԪץ嶫ĿһݣʳָȡһֱˮԪȥˮԪٴαҷɣ߼ҪֵˮԪˣȻҲǴŭ
һսһֵĸ߳
սս
սţҲƴսţսһŻ֮
֮Ѿһȭҽ˶
֮һ壬ڵʹâʢͨУһ˲㽫֮Χס֮󾪣ʹâһļµĸо
Ƭ𺣷֮ŭÿһѹҪǳɺΪУƾԼľ͵ֵס
Ȼʹâ壬ǳȻоһޱȵϢѸӵÿһ
ɱޱȺ
֮ķƬʩӵѹɢĺأǳ׼ӻǲһҲԪ㱻סת
֮𷢳ĳʴԵĺȻڳǿڣһƬʹâ֮УһһɫۣɫʹâȻͬ
ҧסһƬȻԪתתһͻƼޣ˷ӿ֮
֮оǹܽɵѹǣ
ɫĻ棬ɢǰδеǿҺһΣϢУһˮ˳Ծǣ˿ֲĺУЩˮȻûбɱ飬Ȼˮʽڡ
֮·סʮޣ궯漱£ˮųڵˮԪΪãƻųϵ塣
ϸоܣʹ࣬رˮԪɵĸоΪأȴǲϵͷſڣս⣬֮⣬ľʮľʹִŵĿ⣬δһֵɢҡ
һʮУĴУʹâУĿ־ȫ׼֮֮˷Χʵʵ͸һ˿һķ϶
Ӵ֮ƺΣգǰδе궯ƴ
ڵԪĵúܿ죬֮ԽԪҲԽ죬ǴƬ֮УȡԪĵԪȴǹӦ
մȥȡԪԶԶԪʱϱܲշ֮ҪǵľܱܲסС⣬һеܿס֮֮ͻȼǽпܾǱ֮ճһűˮɳһ߸ʬ
·ѾƵ˾·ϣû··ǺգԨȻ޿ˣҲʲô˲ˡ
һ˲֮䣬Ͼڲú˾ۻ󣬽û˿ԥȼŻԪʩų˻
𣬲Ǽ𣬶Ǽ֮
ĿǰӵеƷ׵ļ֮𣬱ζ˵˼֮ƷףۻЧ΢΢ǳϵЩԺ׵ĻԪޱȣǼ֮Ȼٴεõپ治ڵ˼£תдһЩЩס
ɫĻ
Ƿ֮Ԥףʲô
Ȼʩų̬ķ֮𣬿ɳܵʹǰٱǧӣȫҪ˺ѿһ㣬Ѫһα˳ֻѪǺɫǺɫ
ɫѪ֪֮Ĺͣһˮ֮ǳ̬ķ֮ķգǣһԿ϶ǣܵʹ࣬ԡҡݣ
ɲûɿڣûһ˼ָʹŷ֮֮ǿ͵Ľ
֮Ӵ׷֮ĺ֮£ЩС
һ֮𣬿ʼСԽԽС
ˮҲɳϵˮԪ
ϲûоʹ˰֣ƴУǲܳɹֻлԸҲԸСĴ⣬ˡ
ԣ֮ȻڹӴɡ
Ǻ׵ҲҪշ㻯ΪãԺţţ֮Ʋ˳ϵ˼¶ֻ֮ɫɪɪֿҲԽԽǣ֮û
ϳʤҪһ£
ҪһԪˣǸöãϲָԪѾȫù⣬׵Ļ𣬿ϣΨԪˣһȼü֮ҽаٷ֮ٵİշ֮𣡡
꣬һǰڻ


409 ϵԪ
ʱĵԪ㡣
תҪԪ
ۻ۳׷֮ҲҪԪ
ɺܳɺ׵ҪԪ
ڴˣһöԪˣٶԪõ䣬Աڳ϶֮ʤ׷շ
ϸԺͷ֮켴ϱЦʱ˿̣ʲôԪˣܲϻɣǳ룬ûԪˣҲҪ
ͷеĻû˵꣬ǿԴͼһ
΢ҲһУ֮ķͻȻǿһɨǰĻ֮ɫΪ񣬳æջ񣬿ס֮𣬲
ϵϣ¶ЦݣܿĵЦݡ
ΪϿǾʲôһˣһһԪ˵ĳ
ϣĵԪˣ
ϴӴָȡ˹ŽŽԸɺãǶԸһǿǴ´࣡
ɺХţҲûȥǳҪ׷ˮɫӣˮɫѾɳȥЩʱˣȥ
ΪˮԪΪĳɺХͷԣЩֲ״ǼǵԼ˺׵Ļ׹
ˮԪҵġ
Ǳʶš
ʱƽеĸ߶ȣһɾʹӵﴦ
ʹóȫ˹ѵһ˲䣬һһһŲѪȻԱϣһɣ
棬ô˴ڣ
ôһ䣬ȻͷȥһѹŽĵﴦ
ŹŽģһöԪˣıԪˡ

һûԪ˵ֿĳʱĺ׶˱飬ŻΪޣָϵĴָ
ȴɺִϺôӡ
ľԪˣ
ϿԪˣϲһ䣬ϽԪ̷ȥʱӴ֮£Ԫ̺ĺƴľԪš
Ԫ䣬ӣ֮ķƣ
ңϻľԪҲ䵽˾ۻУľ԰ɫķ֮ɫָһ֣һ֡
׷֮𣬹͡
ֻô˲֮䣬ųԪ̺Ԫͱĵøɸɾһһ
֮Ҳ˾֮صķˣǰĵֿΪǿ
֮ţЩϧղҪһ㶣˿˵Ѿշˡ
˵ô˵ۻ˭һԪˣһԪ˭ᾪޱȰɣֻһ㶣Ѿ̫ˡ
ҪһԪˣǾ̫ˡ
һ䣬ȴûбκϣôܻһԪһ˵أ
ͷ䣬һӰ¡
سǾȵſ˴죬ǰľ飬ȹ龪ȣȴǺԥݳ˹Ž̵ֱڳԪˣȻɺһζϡ
нҲǰǸͬʣĺ󳾡
𣡡
֮ԽԽ𺣵ѹԽԽСɺһӴӳ˻𺣡
ɺ𺣵һɲǣԪˣͣɺѪҲѾֻ֥ɺ棬СǲͣѪꡣ
ɺʱûпĴɢҵ۾һʱǿˮɫӣˮɫӲûԶѭǿŵģһԭ
ʱ嶫߶սʱֳסǼİķ泤Ҳֲ֧סˣԬһ˶콣źŵϣվһԣһ²ؼ߸߹ģ޿ǻѪʹģӣȴԲֱתĪϣȴǲӰ֪ȥδ
˻ҾУɺĳ֣еսȫͣ˵עɺϣˮɫӸҪӴܡ
Ⱥɱޣ˵ˮԪ£
嶫ϣȳһ䣬Ҫе˻ɸΪ񲯣һԸɺȻҪֹˮԪܣ嶫⣬õ˴ҵͬ
˱ѣֱˣٱѣеС֮УΨһľ棬˵ʱΪ˵õˮԪѵʱȻΪˮԪ
嶫һ֮󣬴󲿷˱ɺɱУ޿ûжûжĪϻûг֡
ɺҲ嶫Ļ۾¶˱ĵɫͲǵĹֱӳˮɫ׷ȥˮɫ֮ͨҲⱼӣ֪ӣɺЩȫҪԣרЩǰֵ֮סɺĹ
һ˥ģ޿棬۾ȴѩѩޱȵؾ۾ֱɺϵǸӰǸӰɺӴӱʵ̫Сˣ̫΢ˡ
Ӱ޿ȴޱӴ
ֱɺǸСӰ
޵ıϣǴӻ洫ģô˵޿뵽ڣȫ˵˷ܼǿ־循ŵزһֱоڸ쿴ܣȴһ޷֣Ҳ᲻ڻ֮Уͷһ֣ͱˣȻǿȴǿҪ֪ǰǶҲֻڻ𺣵ıߣ֮Уôأ
ǣڣ޿Ϊܵģȴʵطǰ
֮е޿棬۾︡һɼᶨһļᶨǳ
޿ᶨţһҪʹһܻ֮ҲҪ棡
ͬиӦģǷ𣬷Ҳ𾪣𾪹ȴ뵽飬ϲѣ뵽ܹڻƽ£ܽȡףġͿоȥˡ
𲻻ȥΪʲôӻгΪʲôɺıϣ뵽ģֻġ
ϣ˻𺣣ǻԪҲͲϲز䣬ǳ˿ţѾǿнԪˣ̷ȥ֪ŮƷãԪȻľԡ
ľԪԽӾ̰ٶڿйתһͻƼޣǿɫ֮ɫָһ㣬֮ˡ
Ҿ㣡ĨȥĴڣ
ʱˮԪɵ嶫ǰɺֱ嶫
״׼ȫһˣϲһģȻСžţ


410 ƣշ
ɺֱײ嶫嶫ɫ΢䣬ӴָͳһѡһڴɽĹķƷ
õĲϣȫޱȵϡУỮڿУˡꡱƺѾ˰㡣
嶫աд󶨣ǰôնսûȡȵľһ̣˿ѾһĿģǾҪõˮԪҪõǰ⼫Ӵɺ
ŵʱ嶫ע⵽˵ľٶһˣϿȫڻԪ׼žһ
ʵϣ嶫ޱȣǲڵɺƴɱٳ֣һɴвҪСöࡣ
ˣ嶫ȴ쳣ŭȻҲ׻ߣҲѡô鷢ϣñƣͺܲˬһȺĿļһҪˣƾǾͷƾǾԿ𣿡
嶫еָǿߡ
һϯ⶯ȴȻû˳֣Ϊﶼ֮һϣ
˿̣嶫ѾȥŭȣˮԪ˹ȥɺɱ
ʽ
嶫ֱӼǿһУɺ۾ɺŭһХХ嶫һ飬̶һţ³ֻˮ
䣡䣡
ǰֻˮ嶫ġײһ𣬵ˡĴ󲿷ܣ嶫¶ɫĴУ˼ҵˮȥˣ
ţˮˮĻ嶫ͷ
嶫ˣǰӣ֪ˮĻס϶鷳Ҫ嶫ˣ߻šնˮĻ
ˮĻܴƵģǹŽУ⡰ȻҲУȻ嶫Ǹ߽ȴҲ˵㣡
ˮĻնƣɺȴһͷײ嶫ϣ
ɺӣӴ֪嶫Ϳеķɺһײ֮Уȴû𵽰á
嶫ֱӱײλѪӷתȻҪ嶫ȴʵʵ˸ˣǸˮĻȻĵؽ嶫ס
嶫ɺƴУ泤ƴİȴûɺɰ˺泤Ͽ嶫һƾˣ˲ŭ£ƿڴһӲʣһڼˣ
泤Ͽڿ롰һڡ֣ƾ֣ôҲҪӣڣ˸Ͳܣ˵۾¶ɱֻҪһڱ׵ϵˣɱˣһھͲ֪ʵ
ǣ泤Բ֪޿㻹벻һڣ룬͸Ͻȥʦ֣
޿ֿɺϵǸӰ¶һζЦݣ׹ص嶫ȥ
˼嶫ˣﶼһǿжһҪУɱɺȴǿˮԪַߡ
ڵ֮У嶫ˣˮԪͷĪˣˮԪɫͺڵ˱£嶫жٽ嶫һײ֮£ˣҲòĶȥ
ҲӴָȡһꪡֻɫͬҲƷķϡУǾϸ
ɺٴγߣҪȥĴУ˻Ƕţߺ嶫һͬ³
ڿ߲ڲأҪʩչ͵һ֮ʱߺڳϣͻ񱻿˾κˣΪ۾һܵĻ档
ָֻ֣ĳһʧغˡˡޡˡ
ߺ״Σڿ߻᲻Ҳ棬Ҳ׿˵ʲôҲûʱȥͣɺѾ
ˢˢˢˢˢˢ
߽ꪡʹǿһ಻
һأɺҲû³ˮһǰײ˹ȥʵնɺıϣȴֻһ˿˿ۼƤδƿȻɺʲô˺
ûã
һȻˣһ˲䣬˳ף֮ɺײ߱㲽嶫ĺ󳾣ڿѪֹʱ򣬿кڲѣӦĴӦȺɱͷ˵
ڵͬʱ𾪣ޱϵˣ˭ѵڳǸ𣿵ϢЩԡҲûϵݣ˵϶úѪǣģݡ
ˮԪַһʵߵģɺ׷ȥΪжȲʣһ˱ײ֮ŷ˲Ծŷǰոɺָƣ
ãʼ޿ûвսţ棬ҲĶ֡޿濴嶫Ц
һֱԵķҲȥ
˵ϣһֻһҪշ֮
ɾ֮£֮ӽڻıԵѾ֮Ĵ󲿷ɵˣֻʣôһС
Գϵһȣ֮Ļ֮󣬾Ƿ˵̶ֿת˳ϵĵһһĵȼŻ磬ûбϢûз־ֻ˳
ޱȵˬǰľʹҲҸԾͬʱϵԺһ棬һŻ֣Ƭϣȥں׿ʼʯͷСɽɽֱ˱׵һڼ󡭡
ǿˮɫӣˮԪҲǿŻ֣Ҳ֮ģЩףǻ֥ɺɺҲǴеħޣһСģ˽˽Ĺģɺͨ飬оŻڵصĲƽټˮԣˮԪ쳣ֱ
ҲΪˣ֮ʱߵݣĳһ̶ֳ˵ȷǵ
Щ棬һһ֣ʱԲ٣ȴֻҪôһ˲ĹеĻͳֳϸоʮ꼸ϰĲɣޱ䣬һһγɣһ֡򡱣˵壬ֻܽ֡Կֱ⡰򡱽ǳá
Ϊ𣬺ȴˮԪˮˣΪʲô֣ˮʲôôˮǲҲܹأˮǲҲأˮܣľǲҲܣ
ϵԺ㸡뷨뵽˺ʦʦˮԵģȴˣѵʦ
һһ뵽һҪ⣡


411 
ǧٹֵͷ󣬳ϻع鵽ʼһ档
⸱ǣִӲ񷡢ս䣡
ӿн䣬½𣿡ϰ˼⣡
ܻЩ棬ȻǺѾڳϣ𣬿ɲôСоǰһ볼㣬һͻΪ潫Ӵϣ
ĳĳѵĳ
һ˵㺮뱳ѣҲûһᣬ󲿷ֵѾ˳壬Ϊһ壬һʹâڲ࣬һУڳƿ֮С
뱳ѣǳϿʱ
ԳϵʣҲ𰸣Щģӡ󣬷·ʲôϸϸһ˼ȴʲôûУ
ǧٸΪʲôȴûһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ϣûһɥ
շ˺õСһȺ˵֥ɺ棬ôܾɥ
׵һˣûеõˮԪջҲԹˣҹ졣
ˮԪҲǲܷŹģˮԪµͷɺƤܸζƻ·ģѪ⡢ͷ϶ðɣĺˡ
ŸζƷʱԴﻹĳһٻӰ
΢΢һ̾Ϣ֮󣬳뵽˻ﲿġ񡱣ЩҲܷŹ
Щָһһƴɫʳָ𣬰ĵȼţ¶Цݣ⺮ǺúõİģֻҪˣ׿ɾͲôˣǾͽޱȡ
շǺôرҪ׵ˣԺܻıϣֶһ֣ңʹþۻʱĻܹͻƼ֮𣬴ﵽ׵ķ֮
֮⣬ԺǺôࣻƴǷʤ
ǣշΣգϻһ£һСģǿɾȼĽְ
һп֮󣬳ϵ˼Ӻ˻ŵΧſ޿棬˷𣬿ˣԼɺıϣˮԪĴ裬ÿɵһǰɺһˡ
ЩɺһײײǰģϿЦѣϵһСС쳣˷ܣ˵ɺѪ̫ˡ
յϢˮԪȥ嶫Ϳ߶ܲɺһײ͸˵ˡ
ϣ콫ˮԪ򿪡ѵ
ɫ˪ûˣûˮԪͷޣҲŹǡϣ㳷ˣһܵһ
ϡ
ȣ˵Ҳߣǿѣ
ͷգת裬ԽתԽ죬ǰ棬Ҳ飬ԽԽԽԽڳűɽ
ɺʩΪ۾¶ɫ
ϿһУ˾ʶĻԪָҪð֮踣Ҫɱһڵ
Ͽ϶ʶʦұҪ
ϴ⣬תаٱ䣬ָǰϿʱòΪҲ˳磬ĨȥϵںѪʱɲ±¶Ϊڳˣ⣬ˣɶܻ뿪׵ֻһ֣Ԫ˱ȡ
Ȼڳ棬ʮли߽ǲ඼ɺײðˣʵֵõӣ˵޿ˣһȺ֥ɺ棬ǣԲ⣡
ɺԽԽˣҲγɺıϿɺͷڳϰγһ̣ɺо˾ʹ
ǰˮԪԶѭˮԪ޿ӣضΪĸ֮ڿϲ֮УһɺҲڵʹ
ˣһʹɺʹУϲһȺ֥ɺ棬ɺҲŲٵʣǸСץס֮ôûأôܻأУһȺ֥ɺ棬ȥ
ʹоȥɺŷ򴦴ʹʹԽԽңԽԽرһƿҪҧӣҧĸڰ㡣
һоɺľˣŭˡ
Ӵڿдתڿ񱼣ڸо춯ĵһ˲䣬ԥ̽ɺȻץסɺıϣ
ɺԽڵСҧãɵø֥ɺôСɵѪӻ𺣵ײʼУǵٶȣܹСˣʵЩѪȥֱʲô
׼ȫһȴǰӴޣͻرŪЩĪ˿⣬Ȼűɽ۾ɺҪʲô
ɺڲѣôڣЩʹ࣬ڵСǣͲ˵ˣɺǿ鲿λȥ򣬾Сǳ˵ϵĳϣҲ˦
ԽǰѲˣԽǷԽԽʹ
ɺıҲţȥɲУһǲȡأҪ취ɺɱУôأҪһܴɺķҵԵͷ
ţˮԪӳϵǰϿˮԪԺͻһϵǺܲܿסˮԪ¡
ϱõһѶϢܣ
ϴ󶨣úˮԪԶɺעסԷ¡
մȥڷˮԪͻؼ٣յȥ̶Զɺһ㶣סȻһ٣ٷԾڣֱˮԪ׷ȥȽˮԪ븹Уʰʹ˺ͳӡ
ɺɵúܿ죬䱳ϣ϶ȣǳ𡶲ɽѹ£֮ڻ𺣵ײѹ֮£ôЩӣԣȵؼǰ
ಡ
ɺǰ磬Ƶγɵıɽºĺۼľǹιķ磬ƣǱֱײֻѾСıɽһʸûУ
ľûȫŴ죬۾͵صɵûԲ
ΪɺϿ񱼵ĳϣż̵ף

⼸֣ԥأ˸ղ˴Ԫ̤նУϣҪϽȳ
ɺͷף


412 
֪ɺǰнΪͲֵһ᣻ڿϵʱһ˿뷨ûֻ뾡ȫϸȳԲóϾʹȥҪ֪ôӵлԪָ¶
һ̱˲أػɺ۾
עôãǰ߽ĿߣǰǿĹնɺǰӴϣһ˺Ҳû£֪ǿԣеĹȫ׼۾
ɺĹ˫۾¶Ŀ⣬գǸﴫ๾űɺ¡ը죻ʱɺٴһţ³һʱϯ
Щ̱壬Ȼ
һ֮ƣ֮ӡ
ɫ䣬Щûı壬ȴٿƣ巴ΧϽŻӽն壬֪ʲôȻηɺ˹Ҳǳ֣Ȼ۱
ɺ׷ˮԪˮԪߺͣתȦƫƫֲԶܸɺһٶһѾʹһܹץĸо
ˣҲյɺϾ룬һһ⣬ҪȽˮԪץ˵
ᣬɺͷһ׵ʮףʮףʮףףס
һף
ϸ߾ԾУն¡

ոմ̽ȥһҺ쳹ƿգɺԶЩˣֱӱҽûԪɢɺܵ˺󣬺ڳϲǳˡ
ǣԴҲͷĿѣ
ͬʱɺ۵ÿٷתڿҶţһֱɾ죬һֿ룬ֱ䵽׵Ļ
ⲻͣһһ͵ڣϸоҪ׻˰㣬ʹԵ˵ǡﾨ¡ɺһľ档
ˣ۾ն񣬳ľƴֽץԼȥֽճȭתеԪֶΣһȭһȭɺͷң
ʹǸ߽Ҳ൱ܣɶɺ˵ȴǲͷķҲ൱ǿ
һȭҾʮȭ
ϺţѪｦȭͷ
ʮȭҾһȭһǧȭ
Ҳȥˣһȭһȭ£಻ϣɺʼֻñ̵ʹɵȳҳüʮȭ֮ҵȭͷҲʹ
ƫƫÿһɺҪ֮ʱˮɫ͵˱ԵϣһϾͿԶѭģʱɺͲòŴʹȥ
ѪɺҵĲţò׽ЩȴѾ˸ǺٿȥȴָͲֲ˳ϵƴǽ
ʵϣǸˣʶ
ҡҡͷ˵ǣˣұؾȣ
ɻ󣬿ϣųϻŵȭͷʶĸоûнеƸϵԺĿ⣬ˮɫ档
ڵص嶫ߣ˾ɺøֺо֮ʱָϽˣĥᵽˮԪȻûߣȴûнǸߵ޿ͷڡ
𡭡
ɺһХУԽԽҵʹУȫݷˣͷͨɺ·ҲˮԪ˴˼ҲͲٽȫעⶼˮԪϣ׼ȽͷϷСӸ˵
Աɺͻһ٣ٶԽԽ죬ֱײѿı׵ڣ
ϻڻȭɺͼ¶ѪȻЦݣҪȺҷ㣡꣬ϽſɺϣֻֽǰƣһҪʿɺԴĺʽ
䣡
ɺ˶Դײ˱ϣֱײһʮ׼Ĵ󶴣ҲǾһߴٱʯҪӲı£
һײ֮УҲײѪӿѪڣȴССǰƶף׵ľɺԴ˵ȫֵһᡣ
ɶԳ˵׵ľ룬Ѿһֻȭͷˡ
ɺû¶˳һ£Ȼ٣һγڣ
Ͻȭͷ˿ڣ£ԺΪϣúþۻɫķ֮ȭͷ֣һɽζ
ˮԵɺǳʹȴһɸΪµײ˱ߴֻײϣںȻѿߴı壬ɺӲײ˶ʮס
ãҵ֥ɺǿˣȻֻҲǱһˡŵͬʱֻɺԴ֣յһѪ⣬ץסһͷ
Ȼ󣬳ϳһδ£
ɺʹֶΣȴͷʩչֻһһεײڣϣϴͷײͿʩչɱУͷϵŰɱ
ÿײһΣϵֱһ֣̳Ρ
ˣѿı׵θ߶Ӳײһ׺ɺͷѾѪģһƬʹٱʹɺʱˮԪ¶
Ȼɺ˲ᣬɳϸĴҲ൱þۻ֮ڵĻԪѽӽڸɺԣǺԪ϶һ˿ʣˡ
ǣҲײùؽڴλͷѡ
ǣϻڴûκ似ԣֻ
ɺײûЧʹá໡һĹֺȻһų̋£
¡죬̨ʱըѣ޴ʯ裬ضһʮɳѿӣɺµĵطպһ˵нǿߣһ֮УҳмһƬѪ֮УԪ˸߸ߵ𡭡
ϱײϢͶ£һֲֻ˿ºȻȻ˷ɣǿתԪγַ£
ɺƸоϵĳһԾ߿գٷ£ڰУɺӴӣ͵һȴСһȺ͸ɫ֥ɺִиڣĸڣشţҧš
ء𡭡
ɺʹĹֽţҲܰԸݺ£ĴҷţץסᣬǰƣγҪ۾ȥɺ͵ִܷϿգٶȼ죬һȣ˦棬ϽֶֻɺԴ
ɺﲻϵ³ˮˮɫâĴɽͱ쵽ͬʱںҪСǸ³㣬³Ѫ⣬ȴûһֻ֥ɺӰӡ
²ɺһͷ˱׵ϣѪŵ󣬳Ǳҧ¡
ʱ
ɺʲô־
棬ˮԪڿУûԪѭ嶫ָţնɵԬϣһİ˲̫أֱˮԪȥ


413 ж٣
ɺ²Сֻ֥ɺ棬Ҳ棬ΪʱɺѾоѪڿٵʧˣԣҧ˱壬ЩʯӣһԶȫ̽˶
ѪÿҧһڣҪʮףѻı壬ӲǿҲɺҧǼֱͺҧһûʲôһ룬ɺӵǿ֥ɺΪʳٶԱһ壬ҲͲΪˡ
ֵǣɺ´ıɺڱ󣬺򱻴㣻ͬʱ滹˹˹˵
ϲ֪ɺ׼ʲôʽףһɺóѣԪģƴ˫ۡ
ʱյСϢɺĶȫˮˮôĹͷ·ˮԪ㣬֥ɺѾУɲѪǵӻˮ塣
ˮˮԪһʣҪĸڣɺѪ
ϱ˵ţϵҲûͣŸոմΣǰһСٴδϢУɵҲ벻ѪˮɺӱҲزѪ
СǳƸϽϽϢ͹ȥȴҲûСĻЩǣɺ̱ˮԪӴѴʮɳֱﵽյĵزڼûһͣµơ
ϸо̺ĺܣеٴȥȫȻûǰЧˮһȫǰѪˮҲǲ٣ڳѪۣˮ䵽֮ϣǱʯѣʯ衣
һУͻȻ뵽֣ͨ
߽ܽףʩչ츳ͨӴȡԪɺѾ꣬϶ҲܣΪˮԪͬնţս˴ָڵ״ֻ̬²նɺԴˣƾڵ״̬ҲʩչʲôĴ
ûȡؽСǰ˵Ǿ仰֣ˮԪˮԪˮԪ۾ų⣬Ǽ㡣
ֻˮ׶Ĵ̹ǰĹֽɺԴڶһʮУԼ״̬תҧ˵ҪԪҾԪ㻯٣Ҿ٣ҿ㾿ܻԪ
һɺԪʱ̵Ͻˮһ㣬ӿϣϽȡԪȡʹÿһϸõˮԪĴ
ϸóȡˮԪ֮ʱɺһ󾪣ɺַѪ¶ֲЦ⣬·ʤȯա
ɺûдһˮ֥ɺˮԪ³Ҳûоҵط԰ѳϵǰţֻһű
һƬӰ֮£𾪵ؿŻڼɺãȻ֪룬ųϣǰײ£ұֱ̨һ쳣ĮӲɫȻȴΪ˳ϣһҪ¶Ҫúûš
ˮԪȴǴһλãλãպ˵м䲿λƻ嶫ϹҲûȥˮԪΪʲôǡǡͣǸط
嶫ǿָ˸ɣͲټָȥ¿ǰ棬۾ĵһۣͿˮԪ̶ע⵽߷޿棬嶫۾תһ£˵޿桭
ڣǰʲôԸ
ˮԪ𣿡
ˡ޿㶵ػش
һڳһԱңˮԪʹһ꣬Σ
޿澪ϲ˵ģ
Ȼģ嶫ɫûа붡ı仯ҲǼᶨޱȣȴţ˵ģֻҲ嶫Ȼģֻǽ޿浱ڻңָܻĳɣǿ߿϶Ҳָĳɣ޿ˮԪȻͻֹ嶫ĿģҪ޿˷ѿߵԪ
ǣ޿ȴδ嶫ԤǰˬӦֻ޿Ц˵ǰֻЩ𣿡
ô⻹
ǰҲ֪һȥǾһʮĽҪû㹻棬ҿɲԸȥġ
㵹Ǵ嶫˵㻹ʲô
ǰҵе
Ҫ֪㣬̰Ŀɲʲôý
ǣ̰ġ޿һĹִ٣嶫˵˵ɣҿж
ҪһˡͷߡԪˡ޿ܼѲŽ仰˵˳嶫üëһ켴˭
ǰ
˭
ǰ
˭嶫ԲףֻΪ޿ڹػ
ǡǰ㡭

嶫֮ʱ޿Ľ罣ԹĽǶȣƿŭֱն嶫Դ嶫󾪣ָ罣ͬʱٺˣ
ϧ嶫һ
罣嶫ţ޿滹Цš
㡭סʲôˣ
Ҳ޿𣿡
嶫ŭҴɱң֪ʲô𣿡
ҿɲɱ㣡޿嶫ɻɫУֵһȡ
ƾ㣿嶫ЦһڵˣǵģͲһڱ㣿
£ԣҪɱˣû֪ˡ
޿¶Ц滢ף嶫ѪȣҵҪôȡ˵ţ嶫޿ɱȥһҪ޿նļʽ
嶫Ǹ߽ƽ˵һ޿棬޿Ҳ嶫һ̲ˣǣ嶫ֻɵʵֱɱһΣֻʣһʵˣ޿ȴʮʵȫڣû嶫Ӳƴķ嶫ʵ
һߣҲԶķֻʵҲһССĳֿܹġ
𣿡ȻڷҲмƢģҪȻҲϴһƴ֮󣬲ųڳϡ
ŷǳÿҿһңҿԸӵеһУ
ƾ㣬䣿
Ŷʱ䣬˵Ҳ䣬˭䣿
˿ͷɺҪܺһƴ£Ҳˡ

˹ǣɺжǿ̹ǸܽɺƳģȻǾ֣ǰ˺йϵ
ͳŷÿŷǵһԡ
ľƣ඼ڳϵĿ£ɺƴȴվ
ڵӣҲ׳󣬹죬ɺɳˮԪǰϸˮԪ


414 ѹ
ԾܲԾ
ǿҵĸоڳϵӣˮԪԽԽӿ룬ӵȫÿһ
ʮĳϣʩչаٱ䡱֮Ҳֻ߳жҲߣڣ˽ӵĳϣӱǵʮߣȣҲֱ߶ȥ
⣬ˮԪǵĻ
ң״ǻǳϣƴԪѹ˵Ľ
ǲѹӿڵˮԪֻͣ³Ѿ͵úеһƴˡ
ڵԪʮɴСɺͬСϪ󺣵Ϫˮˮ󺣣а£ˮԴԴϵصϪɾʹˡ
ϪϪϪٲת
൱ϪˮͬԪ
ɺǰϵóոԪ⣬ҪóϾѶǣڶ̶ʱôԪȴû£ҲɺǳԾԾ̱֮࣬ԪٶȸǼ٣ҽӴϲԪڳϵִֻ
ɺ֪ڳˣԱ˵൱ϪɶԳ˵嶼ϪһϪһ󵽿Գ֮ΪϪ
ֻǲϪεش󣬱Ҳ㲻ʲôбͱһ̣
ʱ˿̣ϵѿѪҽҲൽ˱ͱıԵ
Ǿ϶ֱӵıͺñ򣬵˼֮ٹ־ǡ顱һķˡ
ɺڹԪͬʱҲûֹͣ󣬻ڼţڵġˡѱˡ¡ٲڷֱ£С֥ɺ棬ǳŹԪϸĴȥֻܴ̳̺ѪСˮУɺĸλȥɺ֧ڡ
ȥı䣡
ʶڳϵˮԪھѪⵤÿһϸڵˮԪԽ࣬ڵѪԪҲͱų⣬⼷Խ࣬Ǻʹâбļ
ңԽ࣬ҲԽѿƣϾЩԪģԼģԼİôܣôʹ硣
һϿƲסЩˮԪôԪˮͻᱬͱ
ȻΣҲʮֵأɾ֮Уϵȴһ˿Ц⣬ұ壿ƾֻ𣿡
һڵҵǿȥ㹻ԪԴͨļͨڣô鷳ˣˮԪȻԪǰ㹥ǿʤ࣡
죬ҾͽԪɡľ㣬аٱ䡷㣬ڶأءͽЩľͼãֻ㹻Ԫͨ
ֻϧһֱԪѰɱȡԪˣҲǾֻᡣ
ڣˣ
Ҿǰ
ɺȻ֪Ͼ죬֪Ȼ϶ڵûȥ
Ԫ͵ʮ
һȺͬʱÿһϸˮԪǿбƳѹǸλãϵԺֻѹ
ѹѹѹѹѹͣѹƴѹ
屻ˮԪسŴͣһʹḶ́Ͼ˷ֽǡ˺ѷΡอλѪܱѵʹ࣬Խǿ˺ѿԽʹ࣡
ҪʱͻҪʹʹʲô
Ǿѹ
رŴرѹʹһ˿Գܣ
룺治Ԫ룬ҪѹʹСңԪ޴й¶л֮£һ֣
пܾʹ
ǰϵʱѹ˵һѹĻ˿̳ϵѹԾˡѹѹ
ѹѳܳܵļޣ
Ȼʹ࣬ĿܣϵϾǱСˣֻëѪøˣĿļ⣬Ťøǿɲˡ
ϵÿһ˲䣬֪ͬ꣬˶ãϽԪѹһĳ̶ȣĿ֣ҧһѪҡľ㣡
ꡪ
ڴĴ̶ˮԪ˳ųϼõ·ȥǿޱȵ壬˳־Ԫһٱˣձƿһ죬ϲֱкǧˮԪ͹롭
ˣڴԼӺһѪͨȻبڳϵ
ʮĴͨóڵˮԪһкգٶȻָ״̬ǳܵķɣȴȫסز
û˿ԥϵ˫֣֣תһ֮УٶһͻƼޣɺоǹɵǰͣ˼ͬʱлЩңСӣʲôͷôԪûоѣԽԽ͡
Ͼ˶Ԫ
ֻѿı׵һѾһ뱻ɺ̵֪ˣ¾ǻĪͻصõôԪҲ֧Ųסˡ
ʱĪվһδĿתؿ棬ûһ˵ļ嶫ߵɱУĪ׼ԭЩɱò֮ٳʰо֣ɵɺĳ֮󣬾ƾͳԤϣҲһʱͷ˳ϣһ̣ĪϱϳȻϾ͹˾㵣һֱڡ
Ī϶ųϵͬʱҲ޿쳣Ӧָʡ
׼ԷȻ֮ʱӳŷը죬ֱըÿһˣнѪؿڸǱըһѪģըĿ밵еĪϣͬʱʲôǷֲǡ
ͳ˷Կ˵Ķһкֵ֪ܶ࣬ܵΣ˵ţٴα˳ȥ
һߣ޿嶫ƴ֮Уʱƣ嶫ľƣԽԽΣա
ܶˣҲڽ֣ԾʤˮԪӣ
ʮӵĿʮӵĴ棬ʮӵѹʮӵԪ
ھֱͣС̶ָ״̬һ̣ꡱһ֮󣬵ʮһҲ֣ڶɹ
ʱɺѾٱ
Ҳ˵ɺ̱ԪˮԪﵽһƽ⣬ж٣
ңϵɣûн
˫룬ʼ˵εĿ
ɺҲЩɳϿδֹ
һظƴѹʱͻžĴƺʲôˡ


415 ˮԪ
׼ѪͨʮɾаٱĳϣͻžúͻأȴֺϤ
ͻأΣչͷʲô䣬Ľ
ϤǣžȻһǻԵģӡʵ̫ˣѱ䣬һΪ
һУһΪټϵǸѣ׳һУİʮУ
ѱĹУѹͻطӿڵԪ࣬㽫ϸʹ˹ȥ־㹻ؼǿһͷǱʹֱӭƮš
ŭڣ
ѱ䣬ǼɣӴԪļӿ뽫ԪѹֱˣϻѹţͬʱĥţΪʲôѱ䣬ҲԪ𣿡
ʣϽԪѹѹĵزʮ𹥻
Ȼһأȴǰǰ㣬һ͡
ӴܵˮԪڴ֮ͨһĵزʱĴˣóϺǾȣҪ֪ղѹˮԪԳľ롶ڶصܺͣһжϼ֡
ǣ˶Ԫȴֻ֮һ
һηԪȴţɺͨṩԪҪȻԼȥѰңֻǴͨаٱ䡷ľҪü߽ǶԪ˲Ź֣ڵң뼸߽ƴ𣿡
ѹһγǰƽ֮һ
ѹ
ʮ֮󣬵ʮͨڱͨȴѾƣ˼£ǿţǹɡƴ־ţʹòʡˡ
ڣܹ˻رаٱˣ˺ԽΪܹıϢıò˾ϳˣϼȥռ磬ǿܽΪθһ磬ʣۣȻҲֻϢʵԭʵ
Ҫɡаٱ䡷㣬ţҲǵûһʮĹ򲻿ɣǣûʲôʹľֻҪͰУ
ܿٵɣȫƴǡˣаٱҪôԪֻ֪ҪԪ
ţһҧ˫֡
ôһͱڣѾɺ֮ˣɺ⾪춯صľٶڼţֻǣɺ̱ٶȣȴ
ʲôͨһƣһޣʱõɺļ֮˵˼ޣͿͣˣɺȴûͣ
ɺǲͣǲͣ
ϴͨķѵˮԪֱ󣬲һڼŵţɺ벻ףôԪôĵģ˿ӴӣѾС̱ԪԶԶֲϵɣ
ˣɺҡ
ȷʵһʱ֮ڣѾΣȴͨһͨϼֲиسţﻹЩˮԪȫתɽԪ⾭ʹͨ˰ɣҪڵԪܹ໥תǿɾ̫ˡ
һʱȥŴ֮ͨ
ǣɺӣѾָ״̬һڼСɺʼֻˣͨѲټʩչԪϣǽԪգȻԪȴղʹֵЩˮԪԴԴϵӿϡ
ɺŭײҵأŰȴްôԪ羨̿ųϳȡˮԪС֥ɺĴҲ˲٣ʵش̽ѪѪ
һĹֽɺѪŭһɹɵˮĴ䣬ں׻ƬƬ
ɺʩΪֻǷԪٲͣس
һʱɣ
ϿƵˣҲʮ
ɺӴʱʮɲɳûоʹס֣Ѫ˵˵ж٣٣ֱøɸɾһ˿һҲʣ
ŸʺԼһʱĪϸϢɣ
ˣڹʮ
ԪԽԽ࣬ϵٴʹ󣬿ɳʵ벻ʲôõˣаٱ߲ɣ˶̵ʱڣȴּ㲻ͬҲˣ˺һ뵽ˡǬתһ˵Ĳתͣǰ
Ǭתתתูһ˵ǿûжôǿǱȽϴģνˣˡ
ɵתôֻࣻǣ⡶ǬתǰתһǽͨһͿеģһڤڤ֮ͣԼԼЩżȴҲʺڴʱɣ
Щ֮ʣϵﴫһϢЩˮԪˮԪȡˮԪƷٴ
һûлعˮԪԪôҪˮԪƷף
һ֮䣬뵽ˮԪγɣҲˣ֪С
նԬϸողʤ׼ȡˮԪˮԪյ˺͵һӳϷȥԬץһգɫŭˮԪɺͷĳϣ۾︡ԵĿ־壬ֻǣ־壬ܿͱԬϸѹ£ת̰
޵ƴ϶ؼʱ̣ˣҾƲӦòĹңǸСӣҲˣ
꣬Ԭ̤Ϸȥ嶫߱޿ͷסڲ콣šŵĳϣǻָ죬ɹİнԬϵΪȫһԶ
ǴϽ֮ԶʱһӰǰ
ţϣʲô˼Ԭ
ȵ˭̤ǰһ
Ԭϵ˼ɣΪһֱûвսҲûгֱһײʵ㱣ñȽϺãԬȻ޺޵ϣҪˣնɵĽնɽ
ÿĿǽ죬ննҿնңұն㣡
㵱Ҫ뽣նΪУ
˵ΪʲôҪάޱϵǸˣΪϵѣվߣͬУԬϵɫˣɡ
Ԭ˿һۣ˶΢΢˵ͷԬϱȵˣ˵ˮԪ
ɱȥһ֣ǴУΪϲҲϲ𣬱սپ
һߣˮԪѾ˳ϵĸ˵Χ
ţԭֻշû뵽˳ˮԪ븹ˣһ֮ϲ
ˮԪһ壬ϱ쳣仯׺ɣ


416 Ķһ
ˮԪһ壬ڳڵˮԪǾǹѪ⡢ÿһϸӿ·ϸٴ뵤֮ڣˮԪ
ССˮԪɫЩ֮⣬Щûʲô仯
ϵȴڼСָ״̬
һؼСḶ́Ͳǰʹˣ˵泩ˮԪشÿһʱǽϴһ飬ϴȥʹ࣬ϴȥƣʣµǾٱ־Ӱ
رǣϵֻ֣֮ǰԪٶȿþ֮ˮݣڣȫٲֱɼˣЩˮԪҲȫˮԪȥ
ֱӵµĺǣɺӣѸСͬʱɺ˿־壬·оٰ㣬ʼ˴
أֻֻץý
ͬʱ޿滹嶫ţ嶫ľԽԽΣգȴֲأ޿ûǰ˲ԱֻҪţʰо־С
ǱҲǣѾʮŷըͷתˣȴûдĵߣоȻԱĵز
ڽնԬϣˣǰɱֺ裬һ֮סˣʣˣȴΪ
Ѫսƴɱŵˣ⡢ϵŵˣԼΤˣ𾪵ؿһУǵ뾡Լһ֮ȴ岻֣ǵʵӦɺĿĹѾǳԣЩСʱûеǹ
ǾȵĿ⣬עӵˣǳϣ
ڿţΤڿţҲڿţͷޣǵʦʦȴһײ֣֮ͻȻˣȴܽɺʰ÷ģȻޱȺ֮ġ
ԬˣؿˮԪ̽˶ûза취ˮԪȡˣˮԪľջ֮ǰǵƴͣ
һƷɨУѪ˼״ûгûȥҪʤ׷أϽУؽ
ɱУվȴһĵâʵն͸ϣ濴÷ɸһſ죬ɺ͹ιһ񱩵ıӣס죬һ޴ı飬ѹٽӭ
նɱһǵˣҲûкùӳԣͷһС滨ֻˮֱ˵һ壬˽ˮαƳһ߳
ŻϱžžرըʱƤⷭѣѪɺһ𣬱ըУ˵Ѿưܲı̨׹ȥ
һ֣סʣˣټ֮ΪˣȻŭ˫Ѫ죬Ҫƴй˼ɣ侮ʯ£ǾԲŹǣҪ״̬ƴǾǻ˼˼ˣϾǵĸĿģˮԪ
ԬϼԭʮɳɺѾСʮ׳СԽԽԽռƣԬˣһҪȥ
һֽǰ棬ҪȥҴӦӦ
ΪҲɱ㣡
ɱ𣿡粽ãá滨ڵصˣûƴһȥĿɨ⡢ʱͻһ켴ڵأװˣȴץָ
Ԭ߲ٴγ֣һһն
ɫ΢䣬轣߳һ֣⣡
Ԫ似ڿײ֮УҪΧȴ·ִ粽Уסһ㣬˽סһн˳Ƴ˹ȥȴҿΪ˿ɺɲܳܵġ
һССĳܴùޣѵ취ﶼô룬ҲѹҪ룬ʵ߾иٹ̡
ʹǶĿɺôʰڵģҲ֪˳ϲһǿ󣬿ڿֻǳΪ֮ʱͲɷ̰ҪˮԪҸҪΪסɺǼ취֡
һ˿ںȵСӣˮԪɱͷޣ

㽻ˮԪȻѱ
ɺ׼ײһ߱ڣΪߵıڱɺһ£ָҵüûˣֻײһߣȴ˫ֽץʹͷ˻ˣ
˼״һȴûоʹȥ˵СӣѾѪˣٲˮԪֻСѱˣ
㲻ǾͲٶ顣

ʱǿеͷɺϵؿſѪڣɭȻѪȾݣֱҪתͷһڽϸҧ
ɺ˫ĿͬҲѪ͸ײУ
ȴ̧ͷǰнѪȻһЦɺһȣ㻹ҧң
һȣУǼӿ죬ɿһ֣ȭ£
ը̺֮ɺںвҽУһ¡£ǼޱȵͷȴѿӣѪʹֱȴϺݺץסʹ䶯÷ֺ
һȭ֮£ɺѪɫ۾ײ֮ɫǱ־ȡ֮ǰһ£ɴʱ˾£ȭɺͷᱻҵϡˡ
ֱһȭס۾ԥ֮ɫȫֱ˼ᶨͬʱ˻Լͬأһ¹ϣ
ûᣬȭٴ£ҵɺϺȵĶһ
һȣüеͬʱһͣôҲ뵽ϾȻҪͷΪ
ɺҲһ㶣ɾһ֮Уϵȭͷʮ׳ӣףɺԼĴˮԪ̱ԪԪȫˣȭͷȭȭҪڸһȺӣѪҪִĸԴȪڴ
㴦𣬳˳ǿ֮⣬
ˣɺ׵һ˲䣬ͺ˱֮
Ѫ
ɺȴƲѪΪȴ³һήʮ׵ӣ峺ȪˮӨ͸ͬʱȳǼħޣѾΪ
һѽץüͷ΢΢켴ȻһԣУĵ


417 
ٵͷȴظı⣬Ҫɺһ
ȻǰɺҪĻ׼ɺŵڵģԱϺܹչ㹻
ֻɺޣˣȡѪʩչԿơ
ϱһԵ뷨ȡ䡰Һ壬ʩչɣȻΪãɣҲʲôʧƤѪԪ
һλǵҺ壬ɺġڵ˳̷ʩչ̶Ӻ󣬳ϹЦݡ
ˣ
Դ֮ɺͷ޵ڳϵһ֮䡣
󣬳ϽɺϢС֥ɺ棬ɺѪͬʱϳ˫֣ˮԪ˫ͷһͷ޷Զ
ǰһУɺֽ޵˻ȥѾȫɵˣûпǣɺıϣ˿ڴһȺ
Ͽ˵ˣЦҪˮԪ

λ˵Ͳѣ¶ηɫ
ϼЦ˵ˮԪǲԸǣֻҪöС
ʲʲôЩûˣȻΪֻǳշ޵ˣһˣҲӲƴöòˡ
Ͽʦ·磬ȴûΣգҲԬ϶ţҲûȥȣĿˣǳЦݣǶУ
˵ʲôЩͷˣˣȻԭġ
ϵ˵Ԫˡ
ʲôԪˣ
ǵԪˣǵԪˣֻҪǻܲˮԪǣкη
ˣǣ췢ŭˣԪ˶ûˣ˭ܲ
˵ˣҾˣǡûзϣֵˣأ

ݺݵ˵ôһ仰óһܵӣĿХȴǼߴ͸Ϊ̶֮ջصӣЦΪҾûе𣿵ţҿ㻹ܿȥ
˵˵֮ǰԪ˾Ѿûˡ
ɫһ䣬ϴ߶ɺʱɺȻֻ׳һ㣬ⶼˣٶȻؿ죬ΪһϢҪֵúãҿԿһˮԪ
ԣһιɺųϳˣǷӦҪ࿹֮ʱһֳһùŽͬʱʩչնԪɱ似סԪ˲䣬͹Ž̽ĵﴦԪˣһľɫһɫ͹๾ൽ˳
ɺɱȡԪˣգһ۾ĹûУ׹ڵأ۾֣ϻͷһЦ쾪һŵõУһ֣һҪ׹ȥĵط״ּæҧն𣬳Ц˵ţҸһᣬĵƵʲô
˵꣬Ͻһߣʹɺߣһȭ˹ϲ֮£üëͷԣȴʵʶң
ûлػսİȴѿڴȵӹȻ㣡
⻰Щɵۣѵ˿ڵľ
̧ͷȴղŻպյˣѾۿ־壬ٶȷӡ
ӣӵ𣿡
ɺ˲׷ϣûٷϻ͸ŻƵȡԪˣ󿴶һۣߣѾǷⲻסǵѪۿҪ֮У׸ȴϵߣæߣҰ㵲š
ΪʲôңţȭȭͷΧɴˮԪɵľӨˮΣЩˮξ֮㣬ҲеʽתһʼˣݺһȭԬϣԬɫ䣬ϽȥֻһˮԪȭԬؿϣֱѪԬϳƿˣȴȻųϡ
ʹţ֮ǰǰõǻһǼ֮𣻿ɽգõˮˮԪƷףˮ˵ֻ߲ͣ
ˮݣˮͬ壬ȻһǾš
ھţȻ뵽ϲˮͬ壬֮壬Ѿͳ˻ԪָΪ𣿡

عŻԪָ˳ˮͬ¶ֱͷĿﻹĸж֮飬ʵʲôˣ
ûлشȻΪ˾Ҫǣ£¹̫شһǰҲһ̲ˡ
ƺʶʲôûԹϣʵ𣿡
һĿ¶࣬ҪشһߵԬȴǼе˭ôϲ˵ȥŹŽһӳâƿգֱϮԬϣͬʱɺٷȥ
ȻõˮԪȻˡ
ԬϻӽնһʽնԪﻹ˵ɱڣйϵôڱ½עҪһһڲŹģ
ҲŹģ
ѵԬϸǰǰǵˮԪڡնԪ似֮£Ѿʣ޼ˣԬٴʹնԪ似˵㽻ˮԪҿ㱣ؿܡ
ܱܵģֻˣ
˵ţʹնԪɱ
նԪɱԹŽ߶õǰƷʮֹԬϿʹ似оԼԪ˸նȥ֮ɫôҽնɵն
ᣬƾʲôͲܻ᣿ңҵǽնԪ𣿡˵ԬҲоʹ似նԪһЩʲôûףûУעڹŽ֮ϣ˵ҵնԪɱ
ɱָ£Ž͸Ԭϵķڵ֮ϣһԪ˵֣ˣϵĿԪˣԬָųϣ㡭㡭㡭
Ԭ̫Ļ˵̫Ҫʣ˵㡱ʱϳ֣Žն£Ǹָųϣ˴ָָȻնͬʱԬ׹ڿգˤ˸ѪŽ
ʱһˣڱɺٻǱ߱ϣ쿴´󶨣ӳϴ𺳿־˳οԼɱǿ֮ĩңҲնɱĸôˣ϶Ƕ֡
һο֮ԳϺҵˣ㻹кܶྫɱô𣿡
϶һЦʵˣ
ҵĵƣҲҪֻҪˮԪˮԪǸ߽ԪˣҶ͸㡭һָ˵
Ԫ˱ҵģΪҪͣ
һͣѹ·ŭ˵ƴôã绹Ҫҵƴһʮİ𣿡
ˣ㿴һ㣿𣿡


418 
㿴ûУ𣿡
һ»ȻתͷȥǴͷģһ佫òмɫŮˣԱ벽һٺ棬һֶſʮˣÿ˺һˡ
ЩҪģҪЩˣһ˶ʶ
⡭ǡô¶쳹׽ˣЩµ׵һлڣںģ£ʣѵЩ˽ҵ¸ˣ
ͷһ֣ͷˣЩˣĶ֣ǣȷ˲ˡ
ˣȻζҲ뵽ǱĪһиĨȥϵĺۼζƮȻǳϵǰϻۣǿ޹ζ˵ղŵһУҶˡ
Ǻúõġ
ζͷɿǻѪֹס˳
ʱȵǵ˭ôǣ
ζǰһվ˵ҶǵҲܸȤ֪ǲʶˣ
һϼ׵ˮԪϢӦǹųİɣ֪Ǿʲô⣬ɣɴսǵôأŸĿġ
㡭ʲôˣŭ
ˣҲǰʣ϶˵ģҲϰˣˣɱ˾ˡϵ˵ţԤ׵س֣Ȼһֱڸ߶Ƚ䱸ţɱ˵ϯŪЩ
Ҳһ̣âĿۣˮƼٱɢײ쵤ֻȻһ죬ʶʱģ·Լǧ֮Ȼײȴдһޱȵݳǣһ˻׼֮ߡ
ǡ㡭
ϵĻƴȫ˵ԺųȡԪˣĿ׹ڿգҲУõҪϢȺˣȻЩйأ
ЩɻľǣǸ֯ûйϵԴĪϼװɱұǿǸ֯Ľͽӽˡ
һԪ˵֣Ͽ嶫ߣ׼ʰо֣һȣʦ
ʱɫ䣬ѭȥŵһˣѪɵһߣǶԱľ´ޣǰǸѪЮš
нԴķΧҲխǸղе˼ȫ˳ϣҲûкҲˣɻǣŮӣһϤĸо
ζаٱһ㶼ûãڵĴ磬ȫǿߣװΣԣСζ۾ɻ
ϲζɻǰüë۾˳ϵϣҪƣԽԽ죬Ϊڱչأıȴ޿ϣһ佫ȴһʵȫߵ£һȴ߽ܽһײ֮е޸շرǡԺǸָüء
еʣǾ֮󣬶׵һߣѾȥ߳ŵӣҸһ·
ڣֻһЦ˵Ҫҷǣܼ򵥡
˵
ˮԪҾһҲգ˳ȥǰֻǴЮԱ·ɺ鷢չ̫죬գۼ䣬ͬһ˵ﺦ¼ˣǸ˾ǿĳֹϵһѣǱڵһĻ
תͷųϣѾζߵǰ棬˵ˮԪȥˣô㣿
ȵȥˣʿȡǣ仰˵ޱȣľ㶣ζĿŭֽֽһ£ҧסûкʹȴֺȵҪǲˮԪֻҪҵһεεСˣͻɢˡ
вһ䣬ų˵ӢۣʱҪǽˮԪС˵ǿ϶м˵һԼƷ˰ұ½Ҳֻôһòһģһ˶𣿡
Ц˵ʵڻһ᲻á˵ţϴɺΪǰȥֶζһĵơ
ţʲô
㲻ҪʿҵĶӣˮԪȡ𣿡ϵ˵ֻҪǣҵĶӾʣֻҪʵÿˮԪģҪʲҿɾҪȡԪˡ
ϴ˻һڳˣȫˣ㶵ȻãͬʱҲжģ֮ǰÿɴûмϣʱ̣ԸԼǣ飬ôܲж
һ֮뵽˻ԪָҲͷųϵӰԺĻ棬ţҪˡ
ȴôҲû뵽ĴӦʿӡҪ󣬿ųԽԽĲԽԽأڳʮԶΪڣʹˣҲȫܹʿϵĶӺ󣬱ȵվסվﲻ׼ֻҪһҾɱ֡
ʼ磬̯̯֣ͣס˲ӣЦգֻڳһ֣һԪǿ磬εĳâһֱ϶ȥȥס
ϲ
ЦˣŵתۼϴʱٶѾûлˡ
ǵöԪָڣһٶʮģǣһ˲䣬Щ԰ȴԲʧգش䣬϶ˣӭǵȥȴûʹûԪָ
ֱײˣը˺¡ҲûпǵϤ̵ķȦ֣ʲôΪʲôûԪָ
һ˿СӣҿнȻҪʮ굶ҾʤߣˮԪҵġȴᣬ͵ؾ˳ͬʱΪʲôôɵǺ޹ϵΪʲôҪǣǡ
˲⡢ɻ󡢾֮ʱУһӰϵЦݣ̣Ӱ͵ĸǰⲨ裬оɨΧ
ֱûһԽû·ʱֱֻۣӣ˿ʹҽг
ʮ굶ȻûãôܣѵƷķҪǿôܣôˣһ䣬ʣҪȥȴ˳ǰ˵Ǿ仰ûʿҵĶӣҾȡԪˣ
˲䣬˾飬۾ȵԡ
ڣ㱬ˣ


419 ʤ״
Ͷ·ˣ޻֮ˣԷǿʱףǰȡԪ˵ԵʲôĿң
ԣҲҪƴˣҲҪ汳ġ
һǾУһŵƣԱ
ֻպԱһ˵ûоԼͻȻû˳û˷գһɾʹʱȻع
ϧȻˡ
ǰҡεһţɫԪˣ
ҡҡġ˵ޱȡ
ϵ˵Ҵ˵ˣʲңȻҪԪ˸
һ£һͷȥΪڲԪ֧ţֱӱˤм
˵Ĵ΢ţϲϣûûԪָķȫƾӲȻû¶ǿӲĹֻ¾ǻεҲûôǿҲһɣ
ЩΪ𾪵ͬʱЩʣ
⡢۾󴦣ֱضųϣղŵһУԽûװףΪˣ𺳣羪κˡӿǴ֮飬ųϣ۾ġ
϶һЦû¶ˡ
æͷѣϾǵĵͷ֮УԾɺߣ߱ǹؼʱӳġŪýͷö߿ɱǾţƴһػƿųϺʣף㾿ʲôˣ
ϴʵػصҲˣղˣΪˮԪʮԸ㣬ˣûа㵱Լ˿ɣ㻻һˣңԺȻ֪ʲôˡ
߹ЦԽЦԽСӣʵ̫Բˣ֪ԼмＸ𣿻ԲѵҪˣ
˵ʵһ治֪ԼмＸأֻֻ֪һײͽײ˵ɺڳҵֻ֪ղҵУԪˣֻ֪ҵһ֮䡭
ÿ˵һ䣬ɫһ֣Ѫһڣû˿Цü仹ԥ֮ɫﻹҪҪһˣ뵽֯뵽ļ壬ĺˣǰ˵ˣ֯϶йϵˣɱһɶ
΢΢һ̾Ϣ󣬿˵ҲҪ
ˣҾһ̣
ϲٶԣɺٶһʽնԪɱڳȡԪ˵һɲǣ߲һǻعⷵհ㣬ͻһɾֻ֣͵ؽץסϵ߼򣬺Ѫһһ˵㡪ģ㡪̫
˵⼸֣߻Ѷϵ˿ǰԥ߻ѡǰǼ֡
Щ˵ʲô˵еѨץ˱УУڵǴþˣǰø߽Ϊ͵ģˣֻºһڱҲǲ°ɡ
ôһ䣬ɫָһڣǺǣֻϣԽǿԽã
ߣ򻹻ŵһһ嶫
ǰϡ
ǾȵؿǰһĻҲע⵽˷ӳĹŹ֣ٿһһ󣬻ӣ˭о⻭棬۵ˡ
֮ˣųϸŪ㺮ףоȻ𻹲֪ǰĺǴģˮ³˻𣬷ǻˮ˱׵
ǣ𾪵Ļں棬ֻ޿嶫ƴԺˣ嶫޿濴ڳϵĺ棬һ㶣켴ףһΪ
Ǻȳߵǰ棬޿վڳһͬһˮƽϣ̤ͬĲӣųȥ
һ߳Ļ棬ȴе˾Ĳѣ
ŵĸʱԸǸ˺棬ΪҲеһԱųϵ۾ǿȣһ˫ȭͷյý
ζպûعͷ˵Ҫĺ棬ʵԣúƴɡ
죬һȥġ
ζֵؿǱӰҲҪȥҲʱζߴ桭ˡζѭȥһģһƺŰĽĹâŮ˵ıܷӦζüͷһ£켴չֶųͦεıӰ
һڵġ嶫˵ΨһĵƣΨһеƾ衣
ϼߣ֪
ŹңٽˮԪһڣ㽫õĺô嶫ʼգûзӦֻǰߣ嵽棬뵱ĻʵۣһҲʵ֡
һƲ죬Ļʵۣлʵ˵Ҳϡ
Ҫ󡣡
ʲô

ҪͷҪԴû嶫һźѪɫȴֳֳһ־ַŭĺ˵ǽһڵУңΣ
ŭѵ嶫仰۾һĨ⵹ǲԡ
ųϳԾˡ
嶫˵ʣҪһ㣬϶ѣֻҪһ̫ʦʱܹ̫ʦָΪһڵһڵУͶˡ嶫Լⷬش⣬Źƻ˵ԣֻҪһڡ
ģһܾϲһϲĿģ嶫϶ص˵ͷӿĳϣ֮ʱֿաΪ֮ɫԪ͵嶫Ķߣǣ̫ʦ涼ҵģô죿
󵨡֪
嶫ʱһϲĴʶֱԾѣ־ȣڳĻ治£ﶼͬһʣһڵø߽ôҲһø㣿
˻Ŀⶢųϣţˣ˵ʲôĻ嶫ģ
嶫˿ڣǺȻ֣嶫ȻҪԱĴȼϱâתâԽԽǿɲ嶫ϣڼ嶫УͻͨʲôȻȵʦɱģ
ֻ׵̫ˡЦ˵嶫ûӦ֮ʣâ£嶫Դײѿһķ϶ͬʱŽ̽ĵﴦ
嶫۾ûԲޱȣߵ˵Ҫһڵˣһ㲻Ҳ۾ңһ죬һڻᱻҺݺݲڽ£ԣֻһѡ
㡪ᡪޡ
ϻһѪ˫ۣδ˵嶫㣬ƬƬ鿪
ˣڳӪǣȫ䣡
׼ɨһս˵Ĵָ֮һʱǰһƬ׻𺣣ͻɸߣ׵֮ĺˮҲ𣬵ȳնĺ£оι״ı壡
ȴӿĺˮڿǼ䱻׶ס
Ҳһ˲䣬ϵĵﴦǺеĺ


420 ӣ֮
׵ں׳𣬱׵ĺˮӿκˣ
ضҡ
УХȴƫƫҫۣ
ⶼźȻ죬ˮ˸뵺ڣҪΪΪŰ֮ʱֱӱɱ飬ڿУ״ȴ˻һһ⡭
Щɶڱţ׵ˡ
ȵ뿪Ҫˡߺţŵɵվĵطȥ·ζʱ֪ΪΣĵ˵Ͻ뿪ɣ׵Ҫ󺣳ˡ
ζһЦǰһϸЦݣϤ֮Уǻɻ󣬼϶ȥ
˿ϣ⡢ǸϽɵһ뿪Լȴû뿪ΤˣҲתٶȣȥüΤ뻹عͷ۳ϵıӰҵս⡣
ûж޿ȻҲܶζȥϻ˵ζǸϽ뿪
أ
һҪһȻСȥ㡣
ǡ
ָɺЦζڣİɣҺܿͻġ
ðɣζûжʣҪ˵˵ģ˫۾ǿģװףֻ˵ҵ㡣
Ӧ£תͷԷ޿ȵҪһͷΨʡ
ǣ
޿˵ζȥȥ֮ǰζָ˴ɨսʲôʲôָʱһɨգζʧͷ˵ϣҲ뿪ɣ֪ʣͬҲʣգһݷŵġ
𣿡ִŵûлش˺ԽӾңбԽԽԽ࣬ŭ裬æ˵ŵĶˣ˵ûжˣûڵš
ǲ
żʵҪô˵ҪôţҿԷħѪģ˵ϻûӦµɺ˵öס޵İ취סҡ
Ļҵһ֮䣬㲻ڣ
޻ڣҲԹ㡣
ȻԸǷʵʲôϵ
˰죬һִδйĽ˵ʦ㡭
ʦ
ô֪֮˵⼸֣Ϳϵ۾ȼ֮Ҫ͵ŭƺҪնɱæ粵ǣʦŵţʦ˶ʦ㰮Ľ֮ˣֻ
Ļÿµһ޴ˣϻ֣һƬ֮𣬾޴ֱΪˮʧӰ٣ϵɫҲƽ˵ʦ
ԭˡд˲룬ʱó׿˵ŲɣҪʹħӵϢȴ͸¶ֻϣһɽڣ㻹ǿ߰ɣҪȻҲȲˡ
Լǻʣ˻ȥųһľϹ˵ţӴݡһϹųħӵͽܣҲųϸղŽޣնɱֳʵ
˵꣬תҪߣҪٶȸϻţϢ֪ʦ˶һȴóһȣվס
ʵӻʲôԸ
ʦʲôģ
㡭ǡͽܡ㲻֪ʲôģ˿ŭ֮ѣҪʱ֣һ룬־ʵĪǡĪǡ𣿡
Ȼּᶨ˵ʦûϱ˵ţߴϻԪָǬתһתתתת֮ʵ˵Ļ𣿡
ħӵġǬת֮лԪָ֪֮˵ͷŹӡ
Ҫʦģ
ʣʣ裬Ϣ֮䣬һڳϵǰϿӣǷΣøӢһ˵ҿ̵Ĳֻ߷ֻ֣֣ʦ㣬Ȼŷƣ߷ơ
¶Цݣ߷ƣƣʦǴˡ˵ϻ˻֣ٴξϹ̤ȥ
ż֪棬кα£õﱳ˰ʦ޺ޣϿԶȥֵֻ²ʦ㣬㣬ʦҲǰĽ֮ɡ
˵ţһ䣬òǱһģһԾ㣬ʤ֣űʦһֱŵģһֱҵˣҲһֱȥʦԭͽò£һһڵˣһ棬ڿ־֮УһԸ
ųϵĻڻڽ˳ϵڣֱԭӣоԽԽеĺʹɺһͷԾ˻
Ծϱظоܵĺףڣﴦӿȴûнȫ֮ϣԺŸղͻľ֮ƣҲΪ뵽Ǹƻħʦģ
˼ÿһڣÿһ裬һһΣ֮󣬳¶Цݣţ棬ŰɣҸľϲ
仰ϲȥڵ׷ʲô仯ֻǺήɫѾʧɫ˺ö࣬һ֮УƬ𺣵ӳÿһë͸ֱӽ뵤һӴһһҡһ֡
ǰˮԪˮԪźĻӻ𣿡˵żֿ϶ֵҾͰһѰɣ
˵꣬УתȻٶԽ죬ӿþͿ죬ڵǽһ˷ܣȻǶʹâʹâҲûųں
оڵı仯ȴǲȻһûףҲͷһߣʱҲͬ㣬˷ΪɺѾ˻𺣵ײ
𺣵ײĺ
Ļ棬붼֪ˣֻɨŻ𺣵ײ۵ĺװһһĴָ
ϴյʱ½ĸȴܶ˵ǣ˳ŭնɡ콣šЩͲ˵ˣһƬ֣һڵĳſƣһδ𾪿񾪣ϽϱִǸ֮洫¶첻ãҲǸ
ô˵ˣȴɳȥ̽Ҫô¶
Ȼһӣһڷ֮£һˣȫȻûеһ£һ˭˸ϻƨɣ
ǣɲ֪ҪϻƨɣҪϻϻƤϻѪϻأ
һ֮⣬һŭţŭܣ


421 ¼׵
˭ڸԣ
Ϊʲôһʧܣμƻ֮ãͶô󣬻ʧܣ
һнһ߽ʮϰ߽佫Ӵڱȫ֧һɣһ֮УΪʲô˶ˣ
棬нݲͣһʮþȡֵ飬ԣλҵ˭룬ȻһΣ˭˭𣿡
ңˣҪģҲûеõˮԪҲ֪˭һ𣿿ǵԸһӦûŶԣױ׵ʲôʣˮԪûеõҲͰˣҪǣǵĿĴﵽҪûдﵽǸĿģ϶ŭ죬ҲʧȥһûᣬƻһαƳ١
һߣͣŭţǾʯ͵ǽڣѾһһȭӡȭֱȭ֮ȵ飬飬Һݺݵز飬ߵز飬Ҳ˭海Ȳһ֪ʲôУ֮ǰе飬ȫҺһܣǲʲôɣǲͬһΪ
ǣһϽߣλߵŭ漰ϡ
ߣҲһ£ţؽвУĪҪɳ߲Ҫɳ߲㣬͵Ҫ㱨ˡ
ƺԼͻȻٵĽŲŭδȥֻʲôӹ
үʮ
ʮһ㶣ʲô£ĪѾ֪׵£ʱϲ԰Ǹոġ˼룬ûףֺϽϢ͹
˸Ͻ岽סǰһܷס£ȷû˲𿪿Ƕֽţַ⿪ŵСʶȤ뿪߿Ƿ˿ϵݣʱԽԽأȴ۷ž⣬˷ܵ´ʱ͸ˣֻҪǵĻᣬˣѪɺӣϲؼңһڣᣬŰɣ
۾ת˼Ȧ¶Цݣʱ֪˱׵£ҲʲôصĳͷϾʮ𼱣ǹϵǻԻ֡
ĺôƣֳһӰ߷Ը֣ǸӰȥţӰģʧˡ
ʮĳ֣־ű½Ŵ¼
һУûаϵβؿɨŻ𺣵ײĺװ˶ٸָˣԼ֪֪һϱ׵ôĴȫķѹˣҪһʧ
ʵʱĻ𺣣Ѿ𡰻𺣡ֵĳƺˣΪƬĪ𺣣ڳϽװһһĴָУѾԽԽСˣСзԲʮס
𺣱Сڵײɫ֥ɺ棬඼ˣɫҲһ룬Ӱɫ֥ɺϣľͽˣɺӣȴ׳˲٣ȴΪ֥ɺȫɺϣ棬СɺͷɺȻܲˬڳһ֮䣬һȻ֥ɺҲûѪô֥ɺ¿ڣɺɸʬŹ֡
Щ֥ɺʬ壬ҲûзŹźһԶװ˴ָ
𺣵𱻺ָɵˣȻҲάֲǼ¶ȣǣǹൺĺˮıԽԽ٣ǰıҲʼ˿׵һοʼѣһصıѣɲǴжϿǴ˷ѿ
ֻһ򣬺ըŭңңȥֻͬ޾ˮ㣻ضҡѣֱ費ݣ׵ԲھŨΡ
ζѾԶˣȴȻܵӴܣµĲѣ׵Ͽ֮УֳĪϵӰ˻𺣵ľ䣬˱׵ڵСӣôڵģûˣ׵ûˣڵʵ
Īϻһ£Ϊʽһ֮ңȻȷų£ʵȴǡսӮҲǲӮ
ЩĪѾȫǸ֮ԼһֱСӣҲҪ꣬ܿʵżС½ʷϣδйģģţǰħǰҲȲˡ
ڴӺа˳֪Լʲô£ŻзԲʮ׵Ļ𺣣ϵһ£֮У˵ɱ֮Уϵ֮ˣΣ˵ðɣǾߣ
˵꣬ˮǵѹƺƴٲ㱼ֱк£дſ̱壬ݺϾƺƴնۿҪû׵ס
һȭĺףת緢
ӴȭͷĺˮȽ˱ȻѸ˷ɢȥıڶ
Ƭ𺣵֧֣ʼϺɣźˮԽԽ࣬ϵѹҲԽԽ󣬵ҧţ˵ҲһִᣬɲܷŹ
ĪΪȫ캣ˮȴĻ棬ͷ󺧣૵һ֮֮Сӡ
޴ѹѹóƵ֮࣬ȴ಻һƬ󺣣ңҪãǿҪųϵС
ȻǿƬ󺣱þʵ̫ˡ
СꡱӳϵȭͷϴϿʼˣʱƬֻʣһƻˣϲӲȭʹɺϳȥ
ڳϸճȭһɲǣǱǿסıʱѿɺ˻˦裬һͷȥԪ˵ɺͺˮǰΪһưϣˮԪӿɺϣɺٶȶȻӿ졭
һ֮ɺˮϣ䶥ȥٲ׵ֻһ޼ʵӵĺˮ·׵ûֹ
ϻڸпţǰǹɣƴȫֻҲ֧Ų˼ӣǿ֧֧ѹֱܻӽѹ׵㣬ѿ
ˮ֮Ȼ֮֮ӣ֮뺣ˮ֮ȣСӣգӵֲĺˮ֮
ţɺǸСȥȻָֻСʱòһڣˡ˵꣬һӰ¡
ʱ˿̣һڽݱؽţɵǽΪѾˣǶţʦܸܲϵõ


422 ִ
һڣճУûΪ׵Ĺ죬һʱλӰ
ֻǣһȴڳﻮʲô
ŵıУǵ㵽ΪֹѪȷ磻ΪһĿǰȫƴ˳ȥƴɱһ̣ڼ䣬ѪȵıԣȻһڶţɵĸֽ϶࣬似ؼȵȣҲǲ٣ƴɱõȻͺ
ĿǰΪֹռͷģȻһڵӣһֻɳλӲ³ģҲֻλʣһλֻǵһ¶棬֮ҲӰ
ǣλӣȴɨȫУΪ͵ģн佫ͷǸֻһ֮һ֮Գԣ˶սǽɵĵӵĥʯܲܶͻи˳뵽磻ʮµн佫ɣɣҲǺܱĴڣһڣȴֵһᣡ
һɳݣ̵棬һҪ֤һǵģΪ֮½֪Ǹһֱֻ¶һʧһڵӣΪ˶ԸƵĴڣǣһҪ壬סɣĴ壬κη
ڵľƣЩ̫ƾս佫ţսǱ󱬷սһԶʮںһΪ͵ӣս˸ƽ֣ǣսˣƼأ֮ٶ䣬Ҳ˵ıԣսֻܿţ̨սˣ⣬ҲһڵӲƴһɿս֮һڵӶսоԸնɵв֮ˡ
ҲǳصģһɶǼԴҪȥڶնŵӣвһ˶Σ֣еġ
ԣ֮£볽սɵӣӳսĶϣޱڴƵĵϾΪ֪ģѾһһ֮նɱʵһҲпܵģǲ֪ڵʵѾһɲĵز
նɵҲһͽǰƸı䣬ҲƴعɣһϣƾʹʧͬʱһҪ֮ǰɸѹȥ
һصĽᣬЩͬǸƵѹ⣬ɵıУһƥƥһڣֽ˾ͽɱ֮Уδܹһȥüգ˾ͽҪ϶ɵĵӣϵЦݣδϹ
ڴ󺣣Ҳ˴ع⣬Եʦֵܿõĳ壬ȴҲǱ־ѣѾʤȻÿһǲʤѪģǣϾʤˡ
ʱǧ򻽵ƣڵһڵ·ϣϺζǴӺŵĻֱӸһڣʹɺٴθϻƳǣƳǣص֮ǰ·ϣҹͣϢٶȣһڡ
ɺȻΪŵף϶˲ˮԪɺɺѾָ߰ɳʵͬСɣƹܣֻһҪ̵ʱ׳ŵʵҲƣϻŷԱʱ֮衣
֥ɺ棬ϱҲǴߵģĪϸһֻӣͽ޴ȻֻǵͽףȴޱȣΪ޴װָװĻ
Ī֮ã˺ͳ֮⣬ҪͶʣ˳δǱ˿̵ĪϣʵϣλʵϣתƵ˳ϣųһ·Ϊȷ˲ٶΪаĸ
ͽ޴ռ䲻װޣɺĴڣȻǷŲµģ֥ɺ棬ȴװֻ
ȻֻʵΪǿ֥ɺ棡
ʣµʮ֥ɺ棬ȫľɺ˵ŵнҲǺʰġ
޿Ҳ뿪˺ţǰһڣߵ·ߣϾֱͬӱһڣĪȻǰ棬һ
һȥ׵ջ࣬ɺ֥ɺͲ˵ˣк𣬳ԤƵĳƷˮԪа˿ԪˣöǸ߽ԪˣƵ꺮񣬡ꪡƷԪʯ޺ˡҩȣȴһҲޣȫЩڱ׵ĸɾ
зλǱ¡
ҪģǳԼʵһαľаٱ䡷òˣСϢҲɡ
ս׵нΪĽһսƴ˾ˣȥŽնɱ׵һ֮󣬳նɱнֵ߽Ҳƴߵͣ϶Ҳһ֮ڳʣǾʹ֪ˡ
ЩӵĿ񱼣ϵҲûֹͣһһڲ¾ۻó׷֮ӣˮԪľԪԱԪ̫ࡣ
⣬ĥ似һ쿪뽫յ似ȫһ𣻲似з뽫Žꪵȵϼѷȫؽһ֣
뷨ѿ
֮£һڣһ·ˡ
ͬʱһڣǹнնɵɵ׵ȥ̽ĵӣҲִ˵ͼϱ׵λãǿһ޼ʵĺˮûб׵Ĵڣ
Ѱұ׵޹֮£ǿʼڴϣ˴Χɳ֣ȥѰҴӱ׵ˡ
⡢Ѿصɽʦ˶֪һУҲŵӣٸϻɣҪʹڽ罣¶
һ֮䣬ҴҶ
֮̿ʱվһɽ£ȻǻָòζҲɴվɽ£й˵
Ȼ˿̣ڱ֮أƴսδϢѾƣ˵ӣվ̨ϣ֣ǽնɵĿǰʵߵĸ֣ƣֹۣ
⿴ʦʦֵܣرȴҪֹսĳս촽˶֮󣬷˺Ȼ
ǡãԳأ˾ͽӭһλԶɵĶ֡
У絽ϹܿսһԣһΡٷģϹܿɴС磬۾бһϹܿţôˣĽģӦò˰ɣţѾȥˡ
ϹֵܿһУȴ˼ǹһĻһĻǸԺ
ǧɣӭλİĺˣ
϶˵ҵַӦΪıչأҲ͸Ź졭
Щ϶֪֪ҪԵʲôֻǽǸƻһ飬ۣǰȥ


423 ǧһ
һڣ֮ףųȻʮֵش
ɽǰӣȫһȻӣΪһλнΪнɣλֻ߲ͣЩɵţҲнѣһڣȴֻŵĴڣȻҲһֶΣ
нųΪĳϣɫƣֿߵζ۾һ켴ָƽȴǲɵػԪ
ȳһһߵýǰǰ˵ԪպӿؿڣţȻʲôˣһк£
ϱ飬һ˿һδ˱ȣɺĿХֱСһɽɺûκε˳ϣǰֻСôܹҲûзȥֻǰţٴ̤һ
нųûκӰ죬ԾȻϣ֮ǰˣжôĸǹӣЩˣһͻĴ֮£ҲѪˣǰˣ̬ţһ˶ܣȵʲôˣȻһɽҰѵ㲻֪ʲôط𣿡
ձϣһ̤£
ˣ
һ죬ͨ洫нĽϣ̶ļ䣬ԪһңнȻһѪ
ţ
нɫȻȣݼ䣬һֻ̤Ͻ˵˻ȥԾڿУڿ˺üϢʱ䣬Ԫ๵ͨ׹нΪǹ϶û¶
ϣһأһɾнһҲҪɢܰ㣬Ѫ²ѣһ˳ʮ
н󾪣һôʵоԲһһ
֮࣬нҲûͿϽתȥѶϢһ£ִŽɱĻû˵꣬Ͽ˵μӽġ
󣬿˵ᣬȴƫƫô̽ǵ
μӽ᣿ʲôˣнʹţֿ۳ϣȴͻʲôһ㣬㣬㣬ǡǡɡƣƣ
ϵһЦڣҿԽȥ𣿡һʾ䣬ȴǸнش𣬱ζһȥÿһһڵӱ㲻ܿƵõȥнн˵øԶ
ĸһڵӣԶĳϣЩȻɫϴȺֵ֮˵û˴·һڵĴ֮𣿡
һжʵ˵ڱˣҪǸ˵仰˿˴ͷ­Ľ֣ǣ˲Ǳˣƣܹɱƣнв֮£Ҳֻʱˡ
ֻнߵĵӷԸ˼䣬һȥнߵǰ˵ţһڵĵϣ㻹ţٶһӣÿ
ڳ֮ȥʱһڵϢѾһڵλ϶λ˶ǻһ𣬿һŵ꣬ǳһ˿ЦˣҾͻƣʲôͣ켴˳ȥֻ꣬¶һսӡ
ͬʱ̨ϵıԣѾ˼ؼʱ̣
̨ϣһĿ㣬ȴб˫ĿҰ׵飬֮͸¶׶ӣ˵ţɣһȻĻߺߡ
˵仰ʱǼӸ£߸ϵζ
ǰһˣԽŸ̨֧ѵ壬ﻹڴڵѪ͵һԣѪҪȴƴ˻ȥ˫վһһ˵ֻҪһһڣҾͻû䣡
ˣ⡣
ӣǽնɵ˶˶Ļǲˬɫ˵Ȼ˲֪Ҿͺúĥһɣ
еĵӣȫؿ⣬ս˫ȭץѪѾ׼˹أҪͽȳ
һ𱦽һ̣˵ǷģȻʧеֻһǰ֮ضı׳ȫһһǬԪ񡪡ն
һУƴܷӳһУ
˶Цٽ裬˵ţǬԪûԪҿôն˵仰ȳ֣նԪ
Ľâ⣬ɫһƬ԰ףֱобǧ֮ޱȣԭҪʩչ似ҲݽŢʩչޱѡ
˶Ҳ¶쳣ɫȻΪʩչնԪ似ҲǼΪѣֻܷӡնԪ似ĳĲ㣬ҲǴ˿˵ֵܵ
ĴɵĲԵӣȫһ亹˶ȴһЦ̶Уһб̶ӦнأѪóһξ룬̨Եһ֮ң
㻹ûأټҴ򰡣˶˵˷նɴھλϵͲãʱ˶̡ɣҪɿɾ䵽ѼˣҲҲų̂ɱԣֻǼβ͹ˣǽնɣͽȡǵλã
ҡûС
˵⼸֣ѾþȫϿͽ㣬Ѿʮֲֺ̣ް취ҪˣɾˣǱס϶λãϣ֮Իδ֣д֮һʮ֮һϣϣܶһЩʱ䣬Աܹͷϵ
ǣϿ˶ȥԶûҪļҲˣһƬ֪ɸν
꣬۾ȴεһӰӰһδսĵӣʲôʲôĿģ˼ȴûзϣ۾Թŭһڴɾƣ
ͬʱӰĻвˣонնɵĴӳ߳ϣտʼҲΪȻֻŵһɵĵӣʮֵˬ˹ɣǶɵǺд
߳Цݷʢ֮ʱȻ뵽ʲô۾Ͻȵ˶ˣ֣
˶һ㶣ͷ߳ϣǲ⣬ΪҪúҲ߳ϵ⣬ɱ֣֪ʲô£ֺ߳ȣ֣֣֣
һ֡˶һԾ𣬴ⵤŭҪ֣ȴƽһըҡˡ


424 Ǵ
ˣ
ףֱƬռ
ʱɫб仯
һǵӱϬĿ⣬Ǳ˺εĴ۹âס
ն߳ɫڳĵ飬Ըⷢ飬ˣǰһδ¹ĵͻ߳տʼûʲôɺ뵽Ϊƶڵģ֮ǰ֣ȴڴʱǾ˵ˣԣŸϽ˶ɱ֣һʵĵӡ
ɶһ㶣˲Цݣˣ˾ͺã˾ͺð
Ҫնµ˶ըףըûʧأǱѾϣȴͻҫһַˮĻ棬
ϹܿŵһҲХסûע⵽Ϲܿ״
˾ͽһöԺʱ׽ǳ̵صһЦһ䣺ˡĶ֣˵죬Ѫֵ۰ɣ£֣ޱȿĵͬʱȴһЩʣоŰͽһУڵ似ûϸȥֻţ֮ᣬڲ˵һɳ죬ȴҲĬĬɣûˡ
ڴҲˣһ˿Ϥתͷȥȷϵ״ǲǱƣԿǵ飬ȻµһЩɳ༥˵ʲôҪƣǵμӲԵǸƣͰֵдûжԣֻ˵һ䣺Ҳ˵仰Ǻ仰ǰԿ϶Ҫǳˣڣ˵ڴһ˵ԼҲĳˣ۸۸ġ
ˣһʱ䶼û˭ģ˵ţһڴȣֱ仰ܶ˸š
ҲȺеǣ˽ʱһһ㣬ƿȥǴʦ佫ǳȣߡ
мһ֮ͨУӰ
ʱ˶Ҫȫնǰ˵ͷ­Цˡ
ȻѪȣɶڲ£ǶԷûϵٵɱģһ˵ԼʱһͲ֣̫󣬱һڵ𣬶նɲ£˶Ӧðֲǡ
ǣ˶ûа֣ȥ磬ٶȸˣϴţˣ㻹ҪϾɱ𣿡˵ţ׼־°ͽһԾնӰָһâ
â磬ڼⵤǱϣ
ҡΣ˶ͿƲסҲȥȻӰ̨֮ϡ
ˣȻǳϣת˵ʣµģͽҰɡͷׯ˵ݡСˡϵͷⱧ¶ϣɽ£Ͻ̷µҩζҲ˶ϵߣɵӣֱ쳹ֻ۳֣֡ƣ
ϿζҲһɵζҼǵʱֻһս׵н״ʦɣ㡭Ŷһʱ䣬ǡǳ佫ˣ
ζƤɴﴫ˳ʲôӶѾǳˣҽ׳佫ʲô˲أȶ˵ζְȻ˵˭Ҫȵģϰɡ
ڵɨֿ˵ĳս߾ȭͷЩﲻ˼ֹУ뿪׼Ҵ壬ֻɣָоûз׳սԣҲûʲôƪۣȻֻе֣ҡ
ת˶
˶־ȣԷһâûоʹ䣬˶һߵǰ棬˵ն˶ʸ˭ΪʲôҪϱԣ
ǲҪ˼Ѿˣ㻹Ҫɱ֣ǽնɵĵӣԽԽˡ仰Ȼǳ˵ɵӶԡ
ʲôҲû˵ֳֻƣ߾ڿգ˶

˶״һȣԪնԪ似ٴȻâҪ֣˶Ѿ⣬ץסһ֮ʣǿ似նϵƣ֪˭Ҳ֪Էʵ϶նɱֻҪһֻƣѾ㹻ɶˡ
ȻʵϷģͲôһ¶
ЩնԪâȥųֻžž죬ЩâʧˣƺХԽԽأֱ̩ɽѹ֮С
˶ٴɫ䣬벻ϳ˵ġնԪ似ȻԴã˶֪λΪĳڳǰʹնԪ似ûãȻ˶֪ʹСնԪ似óʹǧ򱶡
ת֮£˶һҧͦƣƺܣȻ£˶ֹ׼ץסὫն
һ˲䣬˶˳ϵƣһ˼Ľ˼ͷˣֻ˶ƷıƬƬѿһֱѵ
ȫ𾪣һҪϽѵĵӣҲ֮ɫ
˶ס
£
˶ϣ
ž
һ죬ʵʵһˣ˶ϣڽնɵϣ
߳Ͽ÷ЩʦΪСҲһͣΪ˶һѾĵñˣͷǸ죬ٲüĿ
ǿһ˵˶϶ᱻķɣǣ˶úõվڳǰ
˿ţôЩ죡
߳ϴȣСӣ̫֣ҪٸҴ˶Ҳ߳еΪǳһڣԣ޹˼ɵвϡ
ֻǣв
Žնɴܵ⣬ܲȥ϶ԽնǰֺøҲޣټ֮ǰɵߴߴ˵˶ģϱ֮֮
߳ϵвٻӣ˲һƣ˶һϣ˶ۡ³һѪȫ˳
㡭߳ŭֹ
ϵ˵ҾնģҪָ
Сӣ̫
ҪǸմ󣡡ٳ۶𣿡


425 Զ
ʱ֣յգȣдеɽȴŰ׹⣬ɫҡҷʱһͻȻƽվף˲ʱɫУӣǰȺɽ֮
𣿡
֣ƫƫڳμӱԣйսǧ֮ڣʱ
¿Ʋ켥ܿСӣ̫ˣȻҲֻһССѣȴҶԽն߳˴ȣǲ֪һӣƵСӣͻᱻ߳һɱɣҪǻҵĻ
ݳǵУǻϻû͡аٱ䡷֮Ũ֮У϶ҲδΣԣϹܿڶߣħ㣬֪Ǹú޻ǸõȻֻǣǻҲˣϹܿвҲֻǰӿ
ʱ˿̣Ϲܿʮֵ̨֮ϣǸӰ뵱վǰ棬ΪˣֵסıӰһģһЩ
ǸӰǰΰͦΣΡΡҲů˰ɡ
ʱ䣬ϹܿУȻ󲨣κˣһ˸ǹһˣǹ裬žκˣǹůǹƽԥʣµģֻʧʹ࣡
ޱ£ϹܿУһ˲䣬ֻҽһ뷨ʵֵתʱµŵԣټʱ֮գ
ϹܿĥµƣǲǻᵱʮɽһŮӣܱŵʱµĻϹܿĶ»ڼ˵ţҪǻĻһǫºߣ޲ɼ֮¡
ֵأϹܿ±ͳϵĻļͻ쳣ˬ˵ôĵһ仰Զ
һϣϹܿ΢ŭѣӦúģΪʲôҪΪ˵ƣƣԭƣ֣ǺҵЩ
뵽Ϲܿͻ˼ֳ˵ģɽǷ¶ֳ֮ѣΪǽ֮˵Ϲ
ǡΪңΪʲôΪʲôֺƵ
ϲŵ£Ȼ֪ϹܿʲôȴϹܿ˵Ļһ㶣㶺ŭ֮ɫ֣˲ʧƤЦⲻЦ˵Ȼкܶµȥһ룬ƾҪˡ
Ϲ̧ܿͷʣǱӰ
˵ЩԺ󣬲ûоʹͣЪǡžžžĴһһİ߳𵴳һȦȦĲƣ߳ô̵ȥŭСӣңҽնɣǿԼҪѰˣͱĨɱš
߳˵ţȻǹģҪԡ衱֮һɱɵţնɼһǿĶ֣ȻɱᲢۣ
߳ϺȻ֮ʱϳ߳ǰȵһǰҲ˼۸Сʲô£Ҫܣҷ㵽ף
߳Ϻһһʵǲ֮䣬ѷʤ÷Źĵ缱ת֮£һѾ̨жʱ˼ƻЦ֣˵һߡ
ովһ£أڽ˶˳ȥǡ߳Ͻűߣٶ֮죬á顱ҵ߳ϲŷӦ˹æֱһ̽Ϣȫޣǻǻɢ
ƣ˳𣬶Ҫλ߳Ͻȭҧ˵
ʲôУȫ¡
ϵӦһ䣬߳Ͽƿٿ֮ƽϢѾ⣬һһһڵӣκγϣԶ֣Ĩɱơ
һƮӰ̨֮ϣһڵĵӶʱһڣһڣһڡ
һڵӶų˵ƣǰ˶Ǹ߸ʮûʾղŵһЩѾ˽նһڵһЩ΢ϵɸͲίȫֻնҪ㹻ǿӲټħʦ֮𣬳ȫû飬˵Ҳģ
˵ò󣬵˶ú£¶ԳҪޱȵĺޣǲ֪ݳʱϾѾ޳ϣΪϻƴ򼵶ʳޣ޲µ֣ǱʰǱ۰ϵ֣ƣ£¼߳ϱסʧʱּһǵǰÿޱȣЦݵʱ˵ܿǴһģҶƣɣ
ϹܿżҵĶûлش
̨ϵ꣬ϱŵЦݣͻһͣЦҽжҵˣ֪ΪʲôжûϵһҾͻף⵽𡯶ֵ̺塣
켴һһνڶƿգһŵâֱϮϣֻŴ
ǶʦԴľŹ𣿶ʦֹȻȺʮɵӶ
ڻν֮ʱؽҲڳǰϺὣһնɫļ緢ʱӿ
˽ʦֺ䣡ɵҲʾ׳
΢΢һЦκεҵľŹܿ˵ס𣿡
㿴ţ֪ˣϵûʹü֮Ƿ֮Ҳûʩչ似Ҫ׾ԷպжǣǼȴһļͬǿ
ɫʵʰ㣬ŵɫâȻײʱȻըɫ漱ٷŶȥŵâֻؽݺ裬һԪ֣תЮƣâŭն£
ֱնâ
ɫ棬ûзϣǿƳŵâҲֻǳ鶯һ£˵ֻǾŹ֮һ
˵꣬軡νŽתģǽâǱ̲۵ˮЩˮԪɫ֮ϣɫҡҪϨ
ˮ˻𣬼ֻϨˣһڵӣȺɶɫȴЩˣ⼫֮ˮʩչϨ𣬿ڣ⼫ȴܼţ
ֻüӴˮԪҪһٽϨ
ϣؽ裬ǻ˷ȴ죬ʮʽеھʽ
ˮϨϨȥûˮôϨɵӱŵǹɾͬʱ˳ǿ֪ӵнϵԪ
״Ȼһ𣬻ⱩǣȻľԪ


426 
ʹԪԻ֮ˮ˻𣬳ˮһڵţܵõڳصģȻ򵥣Ҳʣ
ľԪҪľ
ֳؽϵ似ѵصھʽڶľԪ֮ʱ˲ͱ˿ھʽ
ֿľ
ٻľΪ֮ȴҲûлңһУ֮УֻľԪһתǽⱩǣȵҿ˭ĽҾŹԪ֮ڶ
ڶֻа˵âȴ֮ǰŵâʢҽâϮķλҲǴа
һԿŵζЩȵâʰΣȹ龪ȣζȴһ㶼ģӵʵǰ𣬴һоɱֻ֮ǲ뱩¶ѡ
ζģϹܿȴЩǣԼףΪʲôǣΪӦú֮ǵ˵ǣߵ£һӮӣܿ㲻ҺҶɣҪӮˣʹӦһҪˣҾԷΣ
ϹܿûᣬڳϵĿ⣬ѵ𴦣ϵƾ棬۽⣬ȴǲƵأҪɢ̨֮ϡ
Ҳ˵â͸ŹŹ֣η壬似ּڿ죬˵âǧ飬ֻؽȥȥ
ھʽײϰνâʱ̨ЮʯɳâֻھʽԽâ޷ζΧεǽǷĽԪӲס
𣬹ţ˾׼âϱţ߼ɱԵĽԪӿ룬֮ˮҪ
òռϷ磬࣬ȴԱ⣬ڳŶʱⲻ֪Ҳھ̾ųϵ鴫˵âɰΣڡڡ֮Уʶ׿ڳ޹ģ˾似ȴȫƽǽУƣ
ˣҲòӴ˽Ԫ룡
ڣ˿ʼƴԪ˭Ԫۻ룬˭Ԫ˭ֵܼ˭ͿӮⳡԣ
ȫһƬžѻȸ
ƴԪнΪĶƴùɱнĳأ
ú棬Ҳ˲ҪǼƴȥ룬ҪƴԪٻУֻһЩܻصˣ
Ȩ𵱻ϣУܵɣܵھʽϮһ˺벽Ѫȴһȣɱ
ֱɱ֡
ͬʱҲһȣҷնڶʽ
ҷնڶʽڱ׵УѾףǴһʮɲǼ䣬ڿգ裬ֱۻңо·ǧ⻡಻سŶ𼱹ȥ
ɽԪԿ̨ϣ֮ǰԣ𻵹ǧ꾫ʯѿʯɣأΧս֮˸Ͻȥ
ٴγԾһǿ鱨˳֮ս似ҲϸоóĽ۾ǣһ似ܵסġɱǻо֮ʱ似ֻһ˽ȴٶལĽ۾͵ת˹ġɱסҷնڶʽ
޷ٱ䣬ŹĹ𡱣
ҲǶԴļޣʽûдâ罣ߣڽӰУѿٶУֱƳϣ
ûٳУҪƶֻвΪ֪ĵƣ֮ܳΪɱУȫ¶ˣЧɾûˡ
һĿģ϶Զʹ似ܸȤһ£оһ£ܲʲô
ԣȻҷնڶʽϮȥ
ڳҫУȻӾң޴ĳ䣬̨𶯣ӲӲд󶨣ԡ𡱿źܴţ
һ˲䣬ܽӰڶϣƬƬ䣬˺أΪϣŷƷģ
Ҳһڲƴ֣һӵƷķ
ֻľһϵķ˽ۣƷķ½۵ĽӰǽʵϵĻ壬ֱӾͱ
ߣġ𡱣âȻûϸɱֻڳˣó˺岽óڵ³Ѫ
ƷķأѵҲţ֪âԳ˵첻κ˺˿ڣѪڳԼŪģ
Ҳڳ³һѪʱŵĴӳ޳ϣѪ΢΢鶯۾ʱž֮ռΪе
޳̨ľ룬ûгʮףˣ޳ϵľٶȫϿʼԻ󣬺뵽ʦôһ¶ûתͷȥ޳ϣһЦϸ𡱵ԭȴͷԣػơǰһ֪
һߣ޳ȴ֪ӵҲͲ֪ͼȻ¶
۾ﾫⱬ䣬һҪѹ£ҪȻһڵϣʧδ³һ³˵Ļ棬δ棿
ȻһѪµڶѪҪʬ壬һ¥ٳâȥͬҷնڶʽУȻûнзâʵϡ
һнһеؽʹòѾΪǱɵ磬һڵȴǻһ˵ŵˣһڣҲֻʧܵĽ֣
ɵӷ˭˭˭˭Ӯǿɻ˵һأ
ʲô˵һģƣڿֻм֮޻֮ˣм֮ҲûˣҲһУҪ
ɵֻŭĿӣҲ֮ȴڲͣظϴϣϷΪʤŤתǬһƬɫ֮Уֻζɫ糣
һڵ󴦵ãȴ֪ϵĽԽԽأЩģһƷʹ˻ˣÿһʩչġ𡱣âնͬһλãͬģÿεĽӰҲڷϵͬһλã
۾ɫɫһ֯˳ٴʩչ֮ǻδϣȻֳ˽ˮɫâȻǽԪۺһ
ƣٽһУ
ʱ͡죬裬Ϯˡ
ֻһƬʢ֮Уǧˮ˿ͷ׳ϼƲҽ⡢ˮ˿ͣ˲Ϣ仯֮У˿Ǿǽ⻹ˮ˿
Զ¿һĻЦܿˣһǸƣɾһ˿мˣƾͽҷ𣬻ɢ

˶ԣϹܿɽȳ֮⣬ӿ
ҪؽϹն˿ĳϣһĽȡ
͵أȻף
Դ
ȫȻ̨ϣ˶ɱ


427 ңö
һƬ˿ͷʶһպյһʢŶһս˭ʤ˭˭Ϊ˭ܣ
ʱƴɱѵƹ֮ʱʤתۼҪֳ
Ȼ˹ؼʱ̣ӱϿʹ·ƣȻ
ûȫӦԶǾɱУɵ˰㣬˰㣬˰㣬תӣȺеĳһɱУϽˮϮ
ǵģɵˣҲˣǳˡ
Ȼֻһȴζ˳ĵʼղңǾӨ͸ǴԼ˵ĽǳֻԼǵãȴ̵꣬ѪҺ尮ǡơ֮ܿؿһӡ
һеһУ糱ˮ㣬ǵض
۹ԽǺѹѹȺ׼ȷǺɫɴϣ
ϹܿǵǰģĺɫɴСУֻĨٻӰĴڡ
ųϵĿ⿴ȥҲϹܿϹܿߵ£ɫ֣ʵܿʶ㣿
˵Ҳע⵽ͬġơ֣
ϹܿûµʻҲûע⵽˴ŸĿ⣬ҲֱֱţйܽӴˣӸǼ㣬ﻹ飬ţڿңϳˣƾһ΢ľȣãã˺֮УѰң˵ʲô˵δ˵ҡ
һƬĿ֮УһĿ⣬ȻͬĿˣζ
㣬ζͬɴŮӣеʱһƬãǴУһֱŵŮ𣿡뵽ζУӿᣬۣʹһ΢΢Թޡ
ͬ㹲սƴԼҪҲҪ㰲ȫΪ㣬ΪһһֱȥƴҪĽŲǣҵ֣ңң˵ҪƵҩҪΪҽºɴҪҪִһΪΣΪһ㣬ѵеġеһУ㶼𣿴ӣ𣿡
һУ˵ʵֻ֮䣡
ҲһɲǵĹ򣬶ǽԪˮԪںһ𣬲ͣŵĽâˮ˿Ȼɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ԹŵζҵϹܿԼͬؽСģ
֮ζﻹϰߵرĳˡӡֻ֣ζͬ켴λͬʱͷԷϹܿǴ𣬡ɵĴС㣬ɵĵһˣһģǲ֮ϰɣңֻϹҵһֻССӡֻһԵա
ȻţϹܿǵĵؿ̨ϣ
ֻ̨ϣǾǿ似еȫ˳ϵϣΪȫϹܿϣûԪ
ǣȫڱܷӦϻԪȻţֵ⹥УȻͬ죬ǧˮ˿סӣԪ켴ϡ
лνδֹͣٴλ裬ȴԪ˵ľԪͬˮ˿ϣ
ʱ䣬Ȼըڳÿһ缡ÿһǧǧֻҪ̽ϵ壬ըҪըѪ⣬ըѾը㣡
һѪ
ӣɵΪҪ𣿡ζ˵ճʱ˵зȥһڲɵɣŨ֣֪ҪһڣŷҪ𣿡
ϹܿҲ˵šɵ۶һʱǰ㣬ҶѪˣΪʲôΪʲôҪ
޳ϣ޲ôӴָͳƿ̲Ѫƿ֮ڣţһҪץ֣ʬ壬ѪܹŹ֣̲ĪΪкô
̰޳ϣȴûзµӣкܶ˲Ծǰ˷ϲѾת˵ǣڴ˼أԵˣƾǱ֮ʱŵû겻ᣬɫ԰ףʱȴҼЦѣΪ϶һǴ֮£ɣ
һѪ罦
⣬еˣΪΪʮ
ΪΪϹܿΪӿһɳΪΣѪˣйʹĸо뵽ȥҲлȥ֮У
Թŵζͬţӣ㣬¶㲻ҪңҲ˵ġζ㾪ţֻǴ˿̣Ѿʧ˷磬ҡ
ҲΪ˵ƣ׶Ҫҵеˣȫɳꪣ㲻ǵһҲһ
𣿡
ִըĺ¡Уޱȵش˳ڶУսĺ죬㡭û
ƾ㣿ܶҵҲҵ𣿹ʸ𣿡
ƵķУըȻ֮ǰ˰ٱǧֻ۳ХԪת裬ݡЩҪ͸Ľâˮ˿ľԪȻ
㡭
󾪣𾪣ķŭֻȳһ֮󣬱æҵػŻνֵԼĹ
Ȼڲԣȴ˼ǧôܣôܻĽԪˣˮˮľľɱʮֹǳʩչһУҲҪˣƣʮ㣬֮УΪʲôղŵɱжȫȻûӰһ㣬Ϊʲô
֪Щˮ˿ҲգâľԪҲãƲǿǱըѹмҲֻ⼸ǰնʮǵ˿ڣϳͻȻӿʹʹó³Ѫǣѹں׻𺣵ײѹȣС׼˴ףֵһᡣ
𾪣еһڵӣԲһͣɵĵӣ˷ϲɫͬʱɻζһȴĳüͷͷӣһֱ۾תһ£Ͳܣתͷһ𣿡
ţڽĿϹܿջأΪҪȽ𣬲£ĿһƿϹܿͷ͸ֳζӰӣĿĶ䵽ζϣζ֮飬˵ʲô촽˶ȴʲôҲû˵ΪϵϹܿζ˵Ӱţ壬һʮɽＡףԣһǰԨ֡Ͼɽǡ׵ȵ빲
ϣңһζͷ
кһݣת𵱳ǻķйڣ˵𣿽죬ҾĳΪ𣡡
ҲһУ


428 㺰̫
ҲһУ
˵꣬ҷնڶʽһοֻһأȴ汾ġ
ʼ״ЦƾһУҶǻ֮Ц
ϲٻػؽѣҫŽ⡢Ϲ⡢ɫɫââܣȻն£
㡭ҲԪۺϡľȻ鱨Ҳ˵˵ȫȫ¶رǣоƵۺԪ似似׸͸죬㣡
âѣһϣֻɽƵӭǹɡơöȥ˳֮󣬶һҧ˫̤أ̨ϳֻӡ
ֹס˵ӣǣѾ¶ѪûʱȥѪϵʹϽתνҪնԪں϶ɵĽâ
Ƚ̨ǣҾͳȫ㣡
ﴫ֮ⷬʱֱһΣգӿ𣬶۾ǿٶĽâȻɰ㣬û˿͵ģںϳһɣˣ
˻棬ȴǳϻҷնڶʽΪѵصһʽ
ԸнΪĶò˴УɳȴԴԻۣرһڵۣ
оԼͷ­˫ۡšࡢȵȵȣȫһ콣֣ˣ޿ˣã
ֻ۵֮£Źʹסǽƣ
ܹսˣȫһڵ߷֮飬ϹܿսӰرȴ͸ůıӰһʱ
ȴûע̨֮ϣһתЦݣʵܿʶ
Ϲܿûֻרע̨ϵѪȻӰ
ѵȴֻ£Լ̣һҪ̣СҴıﻮôˣʱ̵ӣǷʵǼƻˡ
콣ƣֱҪѵأնľŵâ˵âɱڽ֮£ȫһҷ
ۿҪնڶϣһննʵˣǻ
Աߣһڵһλϣ۾ŭ֮ɱ¶Ȼʹ䣬𻹲Щʱʮ꣬ȴѾнԴˡŹ൱似ţ䣬ۺһڣҲЩϧ
ˣнΪİֳϵУϸСģԲӣָһֱƿնȥ
Ϊ֮ȴҲš
ϸоΣյϢһȴװûзκ쳣⣬Ȼٽն£
Сȴ̺Լֱ֮Ǻƴ֮Уײؽ֮ϣͬһʯӶȴˮȫҽһ
˫ֺȻһؽסҪֶȥθһΣЩվȣǽ֮Уһ𶯣¡¡죡
һͻ䣬󲿷˶òʤȯյƣôַ˷裬𣻶ϵǻթȴû֤ݣóȻն߳Цţ߶һڣ֪ôġ
һƬУҡܵһƲסʩչ似вͣѪؽ֮ϣϹֱܿʹˣһ˫ýǧһ㡣
һǳһƼЦڳҡҡλΣѪֹУؽֱֶ֮ϣؽʧǱȴԾѪ˫ۣ˹ȥ
ûˣ㻹ǰǲ֪Ҳѣȴȳνâϣâ嵽˶ǰݺһȭ¡
ʱΪǽâûд̴ϵӶԾ壬鱨˵ģΪǿȭͷ£ҾͲţ壬ƷҪǿ
νնϲӣҲʱдݡش̶ƿһؽٴγǰֱͷ־һȻʱ鲼ӣϽԻνֵ
һǳϣ־ŭı飬ֻһֻɺϣżȻϸСһؽؽٴ𶯣ȴûⳤϣɿȥؽ˶лν
ô˻ᣬϵһȭ󣬽ֻȻ¡
ֻȴǶɵֿҪؽֻоܽһɴڷǿ൨ҲѰ㡣
һȭ֮󣬶˫ţ̨ݽһ֡
ڶȭ£
ȭȭȭ
ȥȥ
˫ֲãȭͷ籩ꡢ಻£޻֮һݣϥǶѾ˽ȥ
һǳŭɶ˽ĿⶢӣΪ˲̫ףѾؽڵأɼûؽвҲ벻˳ϵȭͷ
ܹսˣסˣɵɵؿ̨ϣޱȵĻ棬Ѫȭͷľһݺҽ̨
ȭͷͣЪ
顭
ж뵽ôһ⣺Ƴֺĵһս˶ƣĵһغʱ²λҽ̨Ķ𣬻ܻ𣿡
Ѿȫˣ־ҵɢһǳϼ״ŭɣܲ棬гȻγ֣ɺܴ󣬿ɱϾڰУܺ۶ҲܵŹȻ̨ȥȣˣһڵɲܳܣǣŶ𱻻κݵġ
˵Ҫ𣡡
˫ȭһס£ؿڲλҲݽ̨У
˵Ҫҽ̨
³һѪ˫ȭϣֳɫâХ£
ʱһ𣺡ȭ¡
ȻǳϺȳģʵǲ̶ʹ䣬ϵȭͷٶȸ죬£ֻ¼֣Դݽ̨֮С
˺ǡˡŽȴ
̧ͷԾڿ˵ʵڲ˼㺰̫ˣ
λϣ޲̻ܽͷŭһȭֱϣƺҪ֮֮һεڳǰţ˵ϣΪͲȺЦ
ɱһţ˴𡭡
ǿǹƽԣվҲǲò˶Ϊ֮
ϽؽڴָЦŶԽ˵ɱˣɱ𣿡
㡭
˵ȥţܽ𣿡
㡭ŭĿԲѣ켴ЦááܺãϷ㣬ҲϣԶȥҪ䣡
лл
ЦŴ󣬸ɴһͷ̨ϣʡ£
ӡ
ζ̨
ԶϹܿҲʹŲµʱȴת˺ȥ


429 
ʱȥؼһƬ谵Ĵɣ䣬ӳɽ롢ľ֮ι죬һ
һӰɽ֮䣬Ծݷɣɽ֮ԳҪݡ
Ӱǳϣ
ձܵЩۣ³ЩѪߡˡԣȫװģȥһڵĽģ͹ע̶ȣ˿ϣңϳɽ֮䣬ζ֪⣬˶֪ϡ⡢սֻ֪ûΣգֻҪúõϢϢ
϶ζ˵ȥһʱζһӦҪȥǺڴɫɴŮӣҪһȥΪζСħŮѶ¾ģӣҪȫȥȡ
Ȼζ˼Ȼζһȥҹ̽һڵΣգǿǾһ˵Ҳȥȥ̽̽һڵ
ģ
ͷ
Сĵ㣬ҵ㡣ζ˵һ֮󣬲Զѭȥ
һɽɽ壬ıڱԡűɡҿ;ӵ첨壬ΪûйһڵͼκϢҲ͸¶ĿģԣһУÿԼȥѰ
жƣаٱ䡷͡ϢǳϵľС
˰ʱϲ;
һʱ֮󣬳һƬסƬķӣȫһʽǳشһڸԺӣҪ֡
ûȥƽЩŸνӽʱһֱֳףźɫ׵һڵӣѲӹһˣʮˡ
һڹȻнɽţЩҿǸ߸ϵģͷ֮ǳʮԱȫǸ߽佫ʮ˲һ£ޣٲȻѪˣҡϹҵıʿǿ̫̫ˣңһɽһΧߣǷ֪жϣ
ǰ·ȻעǾأû˿תϢһ˿ϢҲޣʮȻ֪ǰһˣŲͣشӳĹľǰ߹
ۿʮ˼ȫ߹ͻƣĸβȥʮҲ뵽һˣϾһڣ˭һأ
Լһ֮ʮ˻صסϵȥ㴷˵˵ЦЦ˵ΪʲôҪϼӷأѵ˸һɽϣһ𣿺ÿ춼ҪѲأ
˭֪أҿЩɣһڵһСָȲˣӦһڵĽ£
ǣ˭ҪǸһڣǼֱǲˡ
УСӳ˵ɾһһڣ
ԣǸɵƣ˺˵ȻʦָˣöʦޱңϽʦִ̨Ūʦֵ壬ըˣѪɽ
òƣһɱˣһϣˡ
˸ͣȴ˷飺ǿɲһ
ΪʲôȻɵĵӣһǰƨǣһƸҲ𣿡
Цţ˵ģɲ˼˵ǲôȥһʹ֮Уÿһ⣬һѪֲ
ʹ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣΪĽ֣ҲԽԽѪȣ˵˰Σһͻ˵ţҳȥһ£
ȥȥɣ㣬ҿ˵ʦ첨Ϸһħޣɱħ޸ץȥ̻ˡ
Ȼᡭ
˵ţѾߵ˷֮⿪˿һ֮ʱ˻һٷ㣬˻ţѵôãıħײˣ
ţתһ´ĳϣһ켴һɣֻҪħ޾ͺãȵ˭
㣡
ң˵㾿ʲôˣô˵صģѽӴָȡ˳
һЦҲ˵㣡
ӣһ˵ţٽննһ룬Ҳնȥͫףŵ۾ǿ־壬Ϊǰ֪ðĺˣʼ仯ӡ͡۾٣ͣԼһģһ°ϵһź룬Ҳ˿ԼվӰ㣡
仯û꣬˵ΡߵȵȣҲøһģһţо˸߽佫ΪϢģ
㡭ޱȿ־㵽˭
㰡
ң˭
һʬ尡
ʬ壿һ䣬ȻعſھҪٻȱſ죬ȴûһӺĳ
ϵ֣סĲӣоˣҪȼգʶȫʧ֮ǰһ仰˵Ŷ
ͼ򵥶ˣϻ·ָȣֽʬϵδһƼʬ廯̻ңѸٸ˻ȥ
߽ӣ˵ȥôõʱ䣬Ǳĳֻĸħ޸ϵɽڵˬһɣ
ôܡϵһģһ
ҲûϣЦһֻصƵϣż˵ȻȡԴĶȴ֪ԣһֱ˵ԭ򣬵Ҳʱʱһ䣬źۼѯһЩ⡣
ϵõ˲Ϣ֪˴˴ŷΧ֪֪첨ļҪλãϵԺӵȵȣ֪һɽϣҲĴڵȵȡ
ʱЩ˲˯˹ȥϵȫˣǿλȥȷһƬʱȥ˾䣺ôۣǲǳԻˡ
棬ֱźĵס֮
һߣϹܿǰŵƹҡҷޱȵķңĶǹǸӰǰ޻ڱӰѪҪƴӣжַʱĴ³н˫ӣȭͷ
漱ţֱԴɽһƬʱߺݣʱǣʱʹ
һû㣬ǸжãϹܿݼΪ㲣޹⣬ìܵϹܿûиоһϸӣ͸϶룬ðƵĺɫ
ɫƮƮֱƮϹܿıǼ䡣
Ϲܿ˺ü֮ͻظо̣ŷַ쳣֮ʱţȴߴ
ſڵӰȴ£
ϣһóЦݣϹֻܿţ˵£롭Ҫʲô


430 
£롭Ҫʲô
ϹܿβסĻҡ
ţЦܿҹ𣿡
ҽ㣿ϹܿӿʮֵΣոУæȵûнй㣬£ȥϽ뿪ҵķ䣬Ȼ
ȻҪ
Ҿ͡͡
ôǰ߳һ
Ҿͺˣ
Һ°˵ţӴָͳһһӣһȦ㽫䶼ЦݣһƬһƬаڽаֻǽƺҲûü
㾿ҪʲôϹܿʽȻǾ׼ģһƬ
ûлشϹܿ⣬ȴǷʵ㲻Ӻ𣿡
ϹܿһȻޱȡ
ʣӺ̣ǲǸоڻһȣղܣ
Ϲܿʼȼ뵽һµʵȴţסԼʵЩ̵ʲô
ǲǻģ뼱ͷţŲŲӣϹܿһˣ֮⣬˵Ҹˣ԰ɣ
㡭Ϲܿŭȣ
ɫС硯ҩЧǳԵǵŮϣΣ֮ܽ⣬⣻򣬾ͻһֱ˷ȥԽԽ˷ܣʱһͱˣµǷ˵ϣĥϹܿԣΪ˲ǵ˶ʹ棬黨ԣұˣˮ֮С
Ϲܿˣ˵ǽʱ޿ˣΣԽԽ̣ȼգɿƵŤӣȳţ£汰ɣ޳ܣ
½һ˵Ҿͱɣ޳ܣôˣҶôã˳ź㿪ģҪʲôҶ㣬ֱǺ㻯ˣģ½ˤˣ㣬ôҵģɫ˵һ䣡ʲô˲㲻ϹҵĹ㲻ͳƯһĵ䲻㣿ңĵ䲻㣿ΪʲôҪңҷѾ˼㻶ģòһãأȴռ˼ҵһ棬Ϊ˼ҵĵǣˡСġ㻹¼ơܿǵһԵǸѾԲˣȲ˼죬ҪˣܿϣҪΪҵŮˣ
һһ˳Щ񣬸ЩЪ˹
ΣҲӣ
ðһЦһ䣬ûôˣҪǸɱҾͽ·ѹ⣬ٽӣȥ˹ͣϹ壬Ҳ̧Ϲֻ֮ܿ
㡭
˵óõ
Ϲ߲ܿѣۡһһѪ˳Ȼޱȵطŭʮֵķŭǡ硱ҩЧԽԽǿңϹܿϸȣȫܿƵĦš
¼״ЦһϹܿɴ¶ŷ͸˵ˮңΣ²ͣſˮܿα̵ôأ㿴㣬鶯ˡ
£һڣҺ𣿡Ϲܿɡ
ʵȫԲһڵģһѩȣȴȣҪȻôн¶ÿϧؿ˵
Ϲܿһ·ǵѩĻ棬Ϊŭ۾Ǵȴ˵£ԭʹ⣬˼ȣ˵ֻҪٵЩʱգȵٻصʱ䣬ͿԱҾͷȴʱ䶼Ȳãðһ֮£ؼ˱ʣͨҽϹˮؼڳﻮŲɸ˵𣿡
ľϹܿȻѩƾϸ΢ĩڣܲ¸ţŮˣһҪܶ˵һ˵֣˺㣬Ϲܿҵδޣδ򣬳֮ǰ飬ûʲô˰
˵ţ֣ҪȥϹܿ·Ϲܿ˫۽סץסֱۣʹҪϹܿһŮӣΪû¸ߣټϡ硱ҩЧңѾšˮֿԽԽ
£Ҹ㣬õҵˣҲòҵģ
ŮˣأǸǸƵС𣿡Ҳ֪Լô뵽ƣ̫ڼˣ
Ϲܿᵽв΢ŵʱʮɽʱ˺ϻɢȴҪƴԼֻǿƲסŷ£ٿǰĻ棬Ϊ˵õԼȻ¶ޱȡ
鲻ԽأϹܿȽϣóˡ֮ǧ򱶵Ľۣ
һȽ֮ϹܿжԡĺޣϢУͣôˣԺﻹһҪܳʮɽΣʱ̳ǰǸöã϶ˮ֮аɡ
ֻǣֻǣֻѣôܳأϹܿЦֱϵѾ³ϹܿӣžһֻҰް£ȫǺ⣬˵ţҵľǸ
ܿһҵģϹܿĻҲǳķŭˣϹ̼ܿţҵĸҵҲ
ܣ·񣬽ϹܿһӶ
ĿĵóѣҲǼЬֱ֮ͬԶҲȲģϹܿ˵ⷬﾹ˲٣ôʱͷƬҲʧصƿճ
ˣˣһˣҲţҲš¾סϹܿ㷢ϹܿƲס˫֣Ͻݺһҧͷʹ΢һЩԺһװˡӰ
ͻأϹܿǸª㽫Ӵָȡ˫ֽץţŭ££ٲ֣ͣҾ͡
ɱң¿ªЦƾ͹ӣҪɱң̫ЦˣϹܿȰ㣬úõңһ࣬
˵ţϹܿѾǰشȥ
һߣѾŵӵƬ䳡˶ûϢееϰ似ϱܹﰵѲߵӣòץסһᣬС³Ϣɱһӣȡ֮䳡ȥ
߳ûһͻ𣺡Х磬Ҹһ似У


431 似
Х磿
ֱڽԣͣסӣͷתķĻʹ˽еĲҲûʲôˣ¶ڶ
תͷȥϿǸ˵ĿеĹȻ
䲻壬ⶫ׾ͻᱩ¶ϿɲԼ̽Ѱսڴ˴ŶԲߣȥȡХõ
Զʱ˵似СҪСĵ㡣
ͬʱ䳡ҲΧµʦֵ似϶ͬ죬ǿҪϸˣ˵ͻидأ
һ֪ƺأͬʱһҵдǣʦ֣պãҲĥһ似
Ҳĥһ似Դģʦֺܾȵؿ磬˵Ҳ¶Ծɫ
ϸΪݣԴģֻһƷ似
ʦܣƷ似Ҳȥ
ǣԴûзȰɣ
ǿһźĵӣƷ似ǵ𣿡

˵似ƷʦһһڵǱ䳰ȷһлţȷ˵ĵطннжԹЩһڵŵҲһ飬һ㣬ǿá
ʦֹֻסǣ˵ҵһУԴģǿ˭似
˵꣬ʦֻӽʱǰ˸裬ȴһ£ʵΪʦԴ似ޱϤǰ϶ЩһڵĵӣȻǵ޶ԣ˶ԴԴˡŹճɵԴԴ似ǿɶϼ֮¡
֪ʦʩչ似ЩȻ
ڳȻ֮ʱΧ˵ʦܱʦֵƸѹˣʦֹȻʹˡ
ЩۣЦХıʩչ絶似Ȼֻѡ
ʦһն£˲־žŰʮһӰÿӰʵʣӿΧ˼ԻţôЩӰ죿һ
ʩչ絶Ҫһرٶȣٶȣûͣԭػǵ󣬶ǷǰжֱǾžŰʮһӰ
ʱ𣬵ÿһննӰ಻ļʮն£ӰѾҶƮɢң޹֮
£ʦֵһһŵӾˣֱ̾ѣֻƷ˴󣿡˵ţǵ۾ӣתĳ⡣
ûбֵ̫ڣǽӰʮʱϱװµӣסЩӰֱ˳ʮǹѪ
ʦֿ⣬ŷ¶Цݣ˵ʦܣԴ似о
ߵǰ棬һ˵ʦ֣ǸǶʦֵıԣ㿴𣿡
һʣʦɫЩÿ֮ǰЩˣͻԺһˣʦ֣ʹһУǸʩչ似ֱһģһ˵̫죬˵ſʦɫƣæĿ˵֮ͬңʩչ似ˣǸƸͲܱȡ
µؿţ뿴ʦô˵
û뵽һαȻˣֻʦƤ˵ʦ˵ò似϶ҪҪǿպضһУɱ仨ˮ
ʵˣƤˣûƤ˺񣬻޳ܵˣʦνԴ似̥ڳСҷնڶʽңʦΪΣȥһֻ֣ؼһ֣һڵġҷնڶʽټ֮ʮһôܴùϵٶལ
ʦֻԵã˸Ǵƨ˵ŹάȻ󣬼Ȼᵽƣͬضƴڣһ˵ƣ֮ࡣ
ţ϶һڵĵӣһŵʶ߸ϹˣĿˣˣ˵ͷͷǵҪƴɱ˶ϣǰһȺͬΪ֮ˣֻ¾һ
˿̣ţҪ֪Ҿƣֻ֪ʲô飿һ£ϱǵĴУСȡõϢ
һ֮󣬳ϼȥƾͻ˻ɣĥ似Ϊڣ䳡ȥǵߺáϢϢ̽Ϣϵסȥ
ϵһԺӣռ㣬ŲźŮӣҲлΧץ˸ʹȻֶΣԺвãǷлء󷨵ȵȣȻֻ⻤ģʬ壬ڴָ˽ȥ
Χ澲ĵģӰҲޣȦҲûֽϵټ⻤Ҳ֪٣ûóȻݣֻǽеһУԺ׼̽
ϺҪ֪̽Ϣһ͵飬Ҫԣһϲ飻ᳵ·˳ȥХݣţ֣ΧҪɵŴʱȴһӰӿƮ
ΪһֱϢǵӰҲûз֣Ͽһ£Ӱķƺķһɻ󣬱ȥ
Լһ֮ǸӰǰȴǽն֮أɻأնɣĪǽնһʲôıɣ
˾ϢӰ֮ѭǽǣһ˵ճһڽѾҳŵҽնȡɣֻҪһҪʱϵľٶСǽն߳ϵ
һ˵һҪʰˣһ꣬Ǵ˷ͷǸƻ治򵥣ҪΪøöá
ƣ߳ҧг˵˶ĳһҪҪʱһԳ֣ȡͷ
ˣͰһڵ˼ɣֻǲлᡣ˵֣ƺ߳ϻߣ˵仰󣬱˳Xնȥ
һڵ˼ʰɣôʰ˭ôڡԺʣüͷһƣӰȥķ򣬼ٸȥ
Ȼϲ̤նУٶȴǲûбӰ˦һʱӰڿգɽּȥһξ룬ϱ㲻ϢûİݣϢһͷųǸӰ֪̽תʣ˭Ҹң
ϴ󷽷˳


432 ʮˣ鶯
˳ӰʣȣʲôˣģһΪ
ʱϵ·ǼһڵķΣǰһڵӿҲֳᷢǼðġ
ȻǻΪռϷ磡
˳ȣȴЦССǰڳԣԼײģԹң㡭
ʲôҿһڵӣɱңֻҪҴһҲӳһڣ
Դԣúһôô࣬ôô
˵ţָ֣ϴâҫĿֱץϺ
Ͽˣӣȴ˿˿Ц
ӣӵ𣿡һʣ˲ɱϺ󱳣ָҪ£ȴǺԤ׵أ˼תӣָͬ磬˿˰Ϣץס䲱ӡ
Ȼ󣬳ϲ˵Ҳˣаɣ
ϵţѾ˺ȻָڿУȴκһ㶯ûдָ߸ϣͻȻ֮䣬ԨľлعôҲ벻ףԷһͿ̤нΪǰҲڲ˻ģ뵽һǾκˣǰһжס޻֮
ǣоԼϵԪڿٵʧ
㡭㡭㡭ʲôˡ
ϵȻشֻʵԸóһξѪǾԪԪˣһѻոɸɾ
ҡ
ָþתٶȼӿ죬ȣѪ
о֮Ҳһ룬Ҫ뿪磬кܶҪ潻ꡭ
þѪʲôãҪʲô²ⲻţȨһһξѪ
Ѫ֮㿴ϽѪ̷¶ǣֱȴԲҶ
󣬳ɿ֣ţǹΣյֱԽԽŨҪȻ³ϵĸоҲԽԽǿҡ
ڣ̲סˣȻ֣һ֣ǷХң
ϵָ֮ʱ
ۣ
һ
ϹâȻɢȥӰ٣
оԺǸȻţȻʵ㡭ҡʲô
ѣ
ܣôֹܣҲú£ֱһоȫ٣ֱҪһ㣬һн׵˵ϣȥŽʹ
һʱ󣬳ϲŷŹ¶־壬µ㡭ס˭

ҡ
ڣʣѻңһоģԣƭĺֻǻ𣡶ֻһ֮䣡˵ʵ֮ʵʲô֣
ûֻ֣дţΪʮˣ
ʮˣüͷ壬ʣʲô֯һʲôղ߳˵£Ҫʲôٶ
һ˳Ϊʮ˵ˣȴûش𣬶ǳĬԺŴӼ֯ľй¶֯һ˿һϢ򣬽⵽֯׷ɱУ˼ˣҲҿɱ¾ȫ𡭡
ʮŵʱ򣬳Ѿܲˣһʹڵʮϣʮҧţȴ̲סԽԽʹлգеȵȡ
ǣʮֲұǸ֯ʹҲܣ
뵽ʮ۾¶֮ɫųϣǾȻЦݣԶ֪һ𡭡ȥɣ
ʮ˴ԱţĵʮˣȻԱɹ
Ѿһõʮ˻졣
ϾԭŵʮѪʬ壬üͷƣѻɽʮˣʲôͷǸ֯ǺηʥǺֶΣȻһԸѡԱҲ͸¶һϢ
ţ뵽Ǹ֯ЩʱѡģҲԱ
ʮҲǸ֯ĲɣţʮˣʮˣûǴĻСİĻ֮ʱһ˽ʮ֮ʲôϵ𣿡
ǣһ·ģͬһ֯֯δ̫ӴˣԽǵĴڣҲУǵһɽǣ죬᲻ҲУ
۾⣬ǰʮ˵ǷԼԿ֯һڿվԵλã
Ȼ˵˵ĵˣѣ֯Ҳðֻܼã֮
ţϽʮ˵Ԫȡ˳봢ָһϻ𣬽ʮˣͬϷڴָǾʬ壬һͬճ˻ҽ
һҪ֪һ뽣նɽζԸɣԭסʮˣ֪йƣȴûϵ̫֯
ȻǿԽʮ˵ݣһƭն߳ϣֻǣһ⣬ǱϢʮ˵ĳϢδаٱ䡷ռĳϣҲ䲻Ϣ
аٱ䡷üˣЩԪˣ𣿡ûаգʱ˱ûȥʱ򣬸Ͻסϻء
ӳվ֮صסòؼ֮
һ㣬ϵǲ֪
һߣϹܿѾ̱ڵأңŵѪǽ֪Ϊ¶ɪɪΪ硱Խ˫ŲͣĦţϢԽԽأ˫ֻץסǸªϣȺѪ
Ϲܿǰ棬һ̲ѪѪԴȪµؿڲλ
ʱΣ¸ûϹܿǸ͹ӷƻ˹ȥ뽫ϹܿȥӲϹ
ȥ֮ʱϹܿҲ˳ȥ
ײ
·͸˷ףţضѪˮ
²ûȥָϹܿ˵ʮ㡱֮󣬵һ˫۶ĿȥţϹܿĸҶɱ֣Ǹ͹ӾȻܴĻף룬ȫˡ
ˣҰҲգҲãʲôˡ
ֻˡ硱֮ϹܿѪʼᣬҩЧԽԽңѾĵزѽѽ
ѽ
һ̣ϹܿԺŵģļףǿӣģһ桭
Ķ鶯ȴҲͷŵȱڡ
ʱ˿̣Ѿؼҿ;֮ҪϻȥʱȴϹܿ۶
ʱ类ʩ˶䣬ڵ


433 
ϹܿԳ˵һţ
ĵһŮˡ
ڳУռŷǳҪλá
ԣ֮Ϊƣ
ԣؿڣӡδ̹һֱʺţ
ԣڸտʼһֱӱζֱжȴԲӰ
ԣܴУһһʱתĹ
£Ϲܿĸ֣ѾζǸе񾭣ͣ²ӣϢ֮Դȥǵ͵͵ޱȵع
˵Ըɣ
ٺٺ١˹Цһ󣬻ص϶ԸҸġ硯ҩǿһŮҲһղܣϹܿ϶ֵסҪⶾٵϣҸҿ϶
̫ˣ̫Եˡ
⻹㣬Żһֶҩʲô߲ϻɢ˵Ϊǿߣ˴˶ҲƲ
𣿡
Ӧġ
ˣ㻹С硯Ҳһ㣬Աʱ֮裡
ûˣȫҪȥˡ
ģ
Ȼǡ
ȻֹǵĲϣһֻ֣յǴ
켴һ䵽Ϲܿס
㡭
̧ͷųϣ۾ǿ־壬˺ôҲǳȴ߶֪һס˲ӣ޻ֻ֮ŻԪˣ
˵̸֪Ϲܿǰ㴦ŭȼճɺֱ죬ļŲѣﻹǶ£
һþֻáꡱһǸҪá硱Աʱ֮ˣͷˣźɫһֱӱųŭļ֮𣬻ޣ
ʣˣһУޱȿ־
˵
ڡڡȥתǰףתǰһǧףתһֱߡߵǡǼ䡭桭лġŵķ䡭ǡͷֱˣ˵Ͱ͡
˵꣬Уɫ棬ٴ緢гסʱӣͱһѷĩ
Ͽʼ˿񱼣һУδйٶȿ񱼣ȼ񱼡
Ϻܷŭʮɽһ֮ѾϹܿΪŮˣڣҪŮ֣Ϊһˣô鷢
Ǹĸֻһ뷨ҶϹܿ˱֮µ֮أ
Ǽ䣬תתֱУ

˴ʱϱܵĻ棬Իʯ˵ٶȣ˵֮Բ֮ڣȻǵǾʯȵȣȫΪ˻ҽ˳
ǳڵĻŷŭɢ
ңһ·֮ʱİأų飬˱ò
Ϲܿͣǹޱȣǹ֮ҪڻҪϢڸǷֻϣҧÿһͣĴҴܡ
ǲġϹܿԺһΪʲôҪأ
ǰһֻصѾˡ
ҾܹҪҪһ˽ⶾҪǰҡҡ
һᡭԸġ
ǲ֪ܣ
ȹҵΪܹˣ¹ѪΪҡ

ϹܿԺ˼룬ڼҵĲţǼƽԽԽ鲻ԽԸ⡱ķбϹܿףԸ⣬Ҳܳǰ
¶ԽԽˣϹܿǼ䣬ס̡
ҲҪˣҪˡϹܿţҲãˣһ˰ˣٲñϹʹȥЩĶǣȥ׷š
ǣΪʲôһмֲ᣿
ʲôأ
ǲδűл뿪磬ǲֻߡᡭᡭ
ҵģˡ
ϹܿʼҧʹԼѣڣѾٽҧ£нյҲһԡ
ʶģˡ
ΨһޱȵģȴʮɽĻ棡
ߣڣ˻
ŵķ䣡
תŲֱͣŶ룡
ľţôܵסǿײţײǵĹȦ
ȻȻ󡭡
һ̡㣬׹
ѭȥ
ϿˣֻһŮӺب֮⣬㴹ңббס֬أ˫죬ңһ˫Ŵ飬͸¶ļҲǰ񣬶糺һƬ滹ŵε㺹ӣͣŤţ粨ˣһȦһȦ롭
ŮӣǳԺλǧתεϹܿ
˿̣ϵ۾ֻԱߵѪϵʬ壬ȫ͸
Ϲ̧ܿ˫ۣſڣһȴˣ𾪣
ˣ
Ϲܿź˷ܣϲãżžϲ鶯

ϹܿûȥΪʲôģˡ
˫ֳŵأϹܿվ
ӣ̫ˣ̫ͳŲﲻͣҺ̵ĳֻһĳϣֱһ磬Ϲܿǰ
Ȼϵ˷Ӧʶȴѣһʮɽ߲ϻɢ϶ҪƴԼϸ֮Σǰ¡
ϽŲȵʬʱأʩչ֮𣬽յȻ˫ҪϹܿĵ˵ܿС㡭
˫֣մϹܿӣһɹ̣㴫˳ʹóһ飬һ֮УȻһ֮ʱѾʧȥʶȫƾΪҲûĸо
ˣɻﻹһͷûתôḶ́ᵽҵ
Ϲܿȴǲˣʹϵ˫֣ôһٺϵĿҰζǿ׳⺷ӣתʵȼŴ硣
ܿС㣬ȼţԪѹסԡϸϽȴҲٽִϹܿҲٿֱȥ¿ƲסԼ
Ǻϱ۾˫֣ԪϹܿ䣬Ų֮£ϵһȴǻԪ


ײ
ɾ
оϹܿӸ̣æӦˮԪֻǣʱˮԪڻϽͣ
ô죬ô죿ʲôѹƣˮԪУľԪ𣿡
żһ̡֮ƣҡ𣿡


434 δ⾻
ҡ𣿡
Ϲ̡ܿ˵죬۲ԣ֣߱¶ӣɢһ˵ζ
ԣһȻۣȻֲҶĶţǽߵ㡢ζſرζ䦻һ·ĩڿڱǼ䷺ֱըͷǿĶĪؿ
ҡ𣿡
ͷϺò׾һ֣
ǡ㡭Ϊʲôۡҡ
Ϲܿ˫ۣѾ§ס˳ϵĲӣϴݣϽ⣬šǬͣˮԪҪѹǹ֮
ϲʥˣҲνӣ飬ΪһΣѾ˺ϹܿһΣȻأת֮ΣĻ˺⣬ֽô
ֻǣƾڡǬаٱ䡷ԺһֱŶʱЦòǽĵ۲Ц̣ŤĽ
ͻͻæһҧ䣬뽫ЩȫԺ֧ǲܣ滹ǰ
㡭¡ң
ϹܿŨϢ˿˿ƣֱ˳ϱӶ紺ůع͸ȫë׾ţ̩СѪУǹȻԽԽѪУ
šҡá𣿡
ҡ죬ȴ֪˵źá
㡭ң
ûУϸɴػش
㡭ᡭң
ûУ
㡭ϡң
ûУԾǼᶨ֡
㡭Ϊʲôң
ҡ
㡭롭ҡ𣿡
ûУ
ڳϲϵ֣ʼȥϹܿӹޱȣΪЩɫǰܿƵˣĺøУּ˼ֻ֣ǣͬʱҲмᣬ˵ҡûСáóѵģҵġӡֻС㡭ģʵˡҲͦá
׼Ҳ׼
ۣϹֱܿ㶿ţϹܿ˼ɬ˼ִ󵨣ڷ·ʲôһرˣڻˣҶؽţɬ۵ĸо֮£Ϲܿչһ֫ؽ˫ֲĿˮ̬ǻʪ촽ӡ˳ϵϡ
һٶȷǴգԼ浾Ϲܿ϶ٶǣ˿š硱˶ĺޣԣ
ϣȻһ
ʱ䣬ʮɽĳ꣬˫Ө͸ӣɽľ࡭
ˮ񳱣ӿ˳ǿĵ̰ӡ
̻٣𣬰糱ˮ㣬ġ
ǿ𣬶Ȼ籡ֱͷϵ˫ֹ֣ͣԪϹܿ们ȥ˳ֻ£·һ䡭
͵ĶĴݣһ˽ȥҰȴֲʧĳݼǻڣһսȻ־ס⣬˱
ãǺۣŵաÿһϹܿҲӦš
ʱ˿̣˾Ϲܿһ÷޺죬Ѥá
Ϲܿ˫գ̣δйնŵϢã룬尼͹粨ˣЦգߵ
ϵѾ˳֫ȥظԲϣϹܿ鲻Խһ̣ĹǵĵһˡĻϲɼӴȣ󣬱óɸ״񱳹Ĵӣ̰˱š
Ҫ

Ҫڡϡ
Ϲܿ˵⼸֣ľеԶУ˫ϸ֫˺С
Źأǣ
ǰ͸ļ䣬˺һƬ֮У֪ΣϹܿ߹̵ӣһ
뺣ƬദȪˮ
һˮϣˮ齻ڡ
ڣڣޣһ壬ٲֱ˴ˣ
ζҲ
֮ЪɢϹܿ㺹죬һĵһƬʣãϵĺɫҲ䵭˲٣ֻǣȫɢȥ
һ˵ĸоȫһ
ʮɽһΣжΪҰ³ֻΪйϹܿܵģֻ˺ѷεʹֻ޾ĺޣȫûһۣܡ
һΣϲǳӣϧɬ죬Ϲܿתл֮Уȹ΢ۺ󣬸оıǴδй죬Ķ˵Ļϲ
ȻҲҸ֮·Ϲ顣
ϵ֣鹵ִǼ䣬ǧ˿׼˵Щʲôʱͻ뵽Ǹ˵ģ硱ĶԣҪΣܹȫⶾ
ܿС㡭
ܿС𣿡ԻڣϹܿૡ
顭ܿ

ǽߣһƬԣʵܿо𣿡
񡭡񡭡С
ϲֱʵжʾӣֶֻᳵ·ε£Ĩ
ϹܿҲſ˲٣˫ֲķ˿Ŷƣеӣסشһ˷ܵĲһͷٵ㷢ɢңֱźۡӣҡҡ׹ķתһĿģǰߡ
ɲһһȼ
á֮
ƽȴδ
ϹܿóϽ뿪
ԣ⾻𣿡
ˮ齻ڣ硱Ķԣȥ˲٣ϹܿҲ˲٣ֻӣȴ̣ǻƣǳ˼ؽӸסͷȻҡҡͷ
ڳӹǼΪǿûڴ˿̾ǹͶǹӢս
׹ػ𣬳ȥϵ£ֱͨĴ
ϪˮƽԭׯڣɽͣľɽȣʪŸɺԵĺӴ
Ϲֳܿͨڳǰ촽΢趯вʱĲÿһϸӿ˹̵
һҶССۣڵң
ֱֱݣͻ񱻺𶳽סҲֱֱһȻֹǷĲֱþò£ҫ˻
Ҳһйע
Ϲܿûñס۾ѾָһƬɾޱȣֱųϣü両˿˿Ƶˡ
ϣϹܿϡϵĺΣоǳȵ¶ȣɻ󣬡˵ξͿΪʲôô죿ѵǶδ⾻𣿡
ǺʵǲǻУ


435 ң
ǲǻУ
һʣϹܿޱȺü˵ƣҲңϼ⣬ΪϹܿ˼˵Ͼ¶һŮ˵ȷЩݡ
ԣΪ˵ĳϣԾҪһ㡣
ԣ϶ˡ
һϹܿӣЩϸ˷Ҫšˮ
Ϲ֪ܿ˼ˣҲýӣҪǣҲ뽫ȥİ
ۺޣ۰δΣ
Ϲܿ䣬ֹóϾٱǰĵоٶԽԽ죬ϹܿһƬ˷ţŻȻ֪ԼΪʲôһأѭŮܲףӼյ㣬˷ŵ̰ζָо
νԵڤڤ֮жۣԵʮɽǼı˵飻ԵܳǰΪʲôƫƫˣ
ζΪ˴ҩ֮һУһУǳƽˡ
Ϲܿ˼ͬСӣһһĺУҡţţһ뵽⣬һ뵽ǣʲôһյȵȣ
һе˼һ˳֮ʱȫֹͣˣ۾ֻ
оڵļ¶ֹͣϹۣܿϷĺˮ۾͸飬Ǽ仹ŴصĴϢĿԽͻĺǹͭɫƤϣ˺ۣ˵˺ۡ
һһ˺ۿȥȥȥϹܿǰಿλȥȴûݵĴ͸̴ĲλȻ̺Ѫ˿ڻǰʣͷ·մ̵һ
Ϲܿ΢죬ϲ֪⣬˳壬ȴϹܿ˵𶯣ҿ㡭
ϼӣ¶ЩΣһŮˣ˹ۿǵһΡ
Ϲܿŵ˿ڿ֮ʵǰǸ˿ڣô¶

Ϲܿ˵ͷһ£صЩ£ЩˣԶǵġ
˿ڣոմһ
ϴӴָȡؿڴȥϹܿȣӵ˫͵ץסϵ֣ʵҪʲô
ÿ˿Ҫϵʱұһǡ
ϵĻƽϹܿĶȴȻ󲨣۾˸ʮָץøţ˿ϣٴһǡ
˼֮ϹܿʵΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ԲǴҡ
ϹܿȴסĴ˵Բ㣬ˡ
˵Ϲܿ۾һƬʪģ켴ֿ·ڴǰҲʰ׵Ϲܿͷųϣ飬ɫ䣬촽һ˵ƣҰɣʮɽ˽һУ͵δʲôûз͵ûйˡ
ֱнס߽ҲûлŹɴ˿̣Ļˣæ˵ΪʲôӦ֪ҲҲˡ
ϹܿһתۼּᶨĿǣ˵㲻Ƿҵģһ㶼Ƿԣ㲻ΣΪĸԣ㲻öҸһжԣҪʲôֲ
һ£Ϲܿ˵ң𣿡
͵һץסϹܿ߼һһ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϲܿ۾һգ
гϣʮɽ֮ҽƣô̵سֹôˣ
ųǽšơܿϹܿĳһطůůġ
һˣʲô£һḺ𵽵ףʮɽˣ֮ҾͷģҪҵ㣬ҪΪ㸺𣬼ɱ
˵ţݵϹܿϹܿûн૵Ѿˣ
ҵŮˣǰǣǣԺҲǣԶǣ
⣬ϹܿЦˣЦУ۽ȴ滨ݺᣬΪʲôҪ㣬ΪʲôҪңΪʲô˶ããһ˰ˡ
ʱ࣬ʹϧ۰ȵ緭ס޲ܽԼڣϹܿŵŨϢԽ§סĲ紺Сˣˮϵգϵ
ڣ㲻ģҲҲ
˵ţϵʮָɺݺ˾ᶨƺǳ㣬ɲǣصĴϣҰءշתṴ̋
Ϲ̡ܿһǹϤĸоȻը˴СȼգɲȼȫҪʣǿԵ˱⣬ֹסƺˣڻˣȴ˺ģصҧȥҧסϵͷ
ͷĲλ֮һǳǿҲоʹһûͷ棬ϹܿʹУһ㶣ЩۣһҧʹûУϹܿ۾ģԼӳϵ˿ӨУֻңֻ㣬ģҰɣİ·ˣңŻÿ֣ŻӵҸ
һ˿Ѫڹ˼ʲôؼ𣿻ϹңңһúǿһҲܹ㲻úµġ
ҵ£Ҳܣܡ
ҵŮˣ¾ҵ£ҹܶˣ
أ
һ㶣켴Ϲܿе˭䣬ζӰһƸһЦһһԷɿٶȣԺУЩΣζڣ϶ڵһȥɣ
ô죿
ϳĬš
Ϲܿʵ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ӵĺǣټ𣿡
ҡͷ
ܺһ𣬲ܲ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ϲܿ۽ǣһ£˵ԣңһԶԶģ䣬㾭ô£Ҫ۾ҿóһԣһһҪңһһģúöңֻⴳһ磬Ҫ޺۵ģ𣿡

ϹܿЦһЦ˰Ķȥɣģ̨һϢΣȫֳͬĶҲҪ˶ãͻǱҲǣһ̽˵㣬㲻ڣỳɵģӰƵġ
ﻹ˽սţһζһϹܿϹܿѾţѿڶҲ㣬Ҫ㣬ҲҪ


436 ֻƿ
ҪңҲҪϹܿųϸղ˵ĿԣȻЦ̫̰ˣƶ֮ã
һ
ƾʲôʵ˵ȨƣλϹܿţмģ㽫Ů˵ʲôԪʯ޺ˣҩ𣿿Խȥ
ȳϻشϹֵܿҲˣкҿϵˣôȻˣϹۣˡ
ϹܿⷬϬҲ˼ǧ뵽˿̣ζƽ뵽ϹܿҲǲƽһ빲ִһż֮ףڡ
ΣԼеκһײţҲУҲУ߷ӣ˼Σ۾˵Ȼֻһģǣһ
ϹܿеȴûиԼȥĻᣬתߵ̲ѪץǸУأҪ̣
̣׼ģϹܿԼ࣡
ܿʲôϴš
Ϲܿ˵ң𣿡
ȷ
ߣ𣿡
¡˵ţҪ֣ȴϹܿȵҪҶ֣
ͣסӣǺú𣿡
֪ʵܺǿʮҼҲֲһָǣֹסңôÿʱÿ̶ֹס㲻ܣԣҪҲ뿪ң
Ϲܿûж۾Ȼ͸ŵִţҲֱӽ̽ʺѪ͸˱Ⱦһ÷
϶ݣϹܿ۾ҲִһƬԼٱȥҪԼæãߣߣ㲻Ҫ˺ԼҪչ˺ԼҪúõġ
Ϲܿ³һá⣬ȴˣҵ£
˵һУϹܿụֹ̂ͣһۣҴӦ㣬ߣǣ㣬ܣ
˵꣬ת⣬ϹֱܿӶʱҪϵȥȴֿſڣվ˸Ӱۿȥ˭
Ϲܿæȵֻʲôͬʱٴδ̽ӡ
һֻۣƿԪзŵϣ˵һƿӣõĵҩڶƿӣܿٻָԪĵҩƿӣǻ赤ĸƿӣܹڶʱڱ㹻ѣֻƿӣҵѪؼʱ̣ã
һ˵ڴָ﷭һ㹻ԪʯԪʯȫڱ׵ĵòˣֻһЩЩǴٶҪϹܿпܸ˲Ԥ鷳ԣЩܸ
ʣµģͻһЩͨϺϣЩϹܿҲòš
ҪʲôҲҪĶ㲻ǷҵģҲǷģ
ϲܣ۾һóһָֻӵϣ˵ָֻѾĨȥӡʹãָ棬һֺ񣬼ֵӦúܸߣҪ֮ʱ㾡ʹã
仰£ؿϹܿһۣҪμԺתУһ仰ϹܿĶ㣬ģںǣˣңҽӦ꣬һ
Ϲܿûнȡ£Ȼţ³ɱһǹ˺üӣȷųϲٻ֮ˮ齻ڵĶŷȫӣһ̱ڵء
۽ǣѾγߣ
ղ˵ЩޱȾĻĸԸĻһһյŮˣѾôͽԶ
Ȼֻ棬£еӵֻƿָϹܿоǿĶҲġ
ǣȴ
ϣϣԭгϣƣܿˮѾסϹܿʵҲ볢㻤ŵζҲʱʱоůúðɣĭڽӴԺǽúõģףҸ
˼֮ϹܿĨȥˮװٴδϺɫɴϵƿʹָԥһ£ǽ뻳С
Ϲܿûȡһֻƿ̷ĵҩԼˣţԺҵˣҲϣ
һУϹܿҪȥµ¶ˣϢؼңؼҿ϶ὫеìͷָָϹ壬ʱпٴγΪƷҪıһС
ڿ˼ڤ֮ʣȴ˾ˣˣȻ𰡣
ǵľתۼͱޱ
ϹܿҲѣϽ˳ȥֻĵطȫºؼסĵطЩ𣬻Ǻɫ棬ԭںڰУǿģЩľġȼճ˻ɫ档
֮찡Ǽ֮һˮûð˭ˮԪ𰡣
Ʒ׵͵ˮԪҲаҪˮƷϣп֮ܽ𣡡
ߴܳȥˣɢȺ졭

ܿ죬һڵӸԼ֮Ȼûа취ֻܸϽϱ棬ͬʱȳδѵˣûȫ
ϹܿǺڻţѻյôʣؼЩȫˣһˣؼҾͲὫעҵˣҾȫ⣬˭յģ
ȫ룬һ֣Ϲܿ뵽˳ϣ϶ҲֻжĿôϣҡ
ϹܿӿжѼ֮𣬵ȷǽϴɣǣϱþͽأ˭һɱ˷Ż
ûˣ
ΪǶսһڵϣ
ôˣһؼûвʲôҲͰˣˣһڿ϶þһֶΣϸϻ̼ܣ
ôɵΪֵ𣿡ϹܿеǵҪãʹʹáϹܿ仰ȴԼš
Ϲ֪ܿһڣǱ֣֮
ƣԽԽ
һƬ֮УԶ֮һӰһ˫Ŀ⣬עƬ
Ӱ⣬ǳϡ
뿪֮󣬱ȥؼҵˣִһɸɾһż֮緢еһУճ˻ҽ
˶ü֮ûа취֮ʱһȣ˭һ˷
źȼգܿնĴͻˣ
һڵٲ͵رضˣ
۾ͻ𾫹â


437 ʳ֣ҲҪʩ
һߣ֮ܲΪйأϵȴ̫󣬾һܹӵм֮
ϵļ֮Դ֮ڱ׵һ֮Уáۻ󡱣ü֮õ˽ףرշĹ֮Уаɫ֣֮󣬼֮ƷѾƷס
Ʒ֮ҲǳԲ˵ôһƬ֮ɲǼȫˡ
Ͽ֮ˣֻǻ˻֣֮䣬ͽ֮
˵õˮˮ˻ˮ𣬳϶𾪣
ƫƫ˲ûʩչȼ֮Ʒ׵ˮԪֻǴԪ
Ϊ뵽ţϸоˣĿɨʩչˡϢĿɨӼۺ󣬲ɨط
£֮ȷڵܶԿ˺үүζ̫үүҲʣɱУ߽Ϊ죬үү赭дһ֣͸ˣ
ǱߣһڣݻߣеֿߣɱۣԵһһȥصɽ֮䡣
һΪȻΪ˸ؼһһǰĻ壬ʲôʲôҲǣһֻΪǵ뽫սϵˣɱѡ
ѾȥǺвɲһֱһսпܻ桢֣
뵽ӿģǿ־壬˷ܣսȻмᶨִţ
ϹܿΧȺУ£Ȼʧһǰǵ¥Ѿȫ˻ңǴأкôһճ˻ҡ
ղţһһӣ̤֮ȼյ򣬲̤ȥ˾ȥƵģ
һĻһˣҲ𾪲ѣţɱؼңʬ𼣵ˣ˭ʲôͷ
ܹ֪
һߣζδϹһۣڿȴţͣʱŴգ賿ʱ֣ɫҲϻûл
ζɵģôûл᲻ʲô£ᣬôӦòµģԲܳ£
仰ζ֪˶ٱ飬һʱλʵĺ¡¡˹ζʱɫ䣬ֱΪϳ¡
һʱ䣬ζʲôҲܣʲôҲˣ򿪷ţҪȥҪȥףǲǳ¶ˡ
մţȥζײһӲϣζ̧ͷһ㿴һϤףʱϵļɫȫ˼飬ֿЦ
ζֻ֣ôųϵţ˵ţӣڻˣһΪˣޡҵĴޱȣôܳ¡ζ˵ԻһϽ˷䣬˵ͺãͺãҾͰˡ
һУַεĲˣЩӿǱ߷ȴζߵĲѣкìܡ
ζŷ˳ϵĲԾҪϵֻ֣Ѿӵ˻УʱȴһľͷƵģζôǣ
ӣôˣʲô𣿡
ζûȳϻشζıӱһ鶯˵ʲôζе㣬С˵ţζıӣѾ˳ϵӣʹᣡ
֮ζȷţɱŮ˵ζǴӳɢģ
ζ̧ͷųϣ۾ôȴʲôҲû˵ֻоƣӿһĸо
ҲǳĬ۾Ρϧɫ
óʱ䣬ζ˵㲻˵Щʲô𣿡
Բ𡣡
ҲҪԲֻ֪ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôζʹ˵㲻ȥģ㣬ǣΪ㵣Ĳѵʱȴζ
ϻģ·ʱ˵̸֪ѣԡ
ԣȥˣȥҲ㣬ϣôŨζζǿţ۾˫ɿ˳ϣȥţ֪һֱһʼҾ֪ҷɶ˻𣬷ǵҪ㣬ҵģܣҡ
ζ
ǣΪʲôҪôãΪʲôҪҶкøУΪʲôһһεľңһһεĽһΪңԸԼˣԸιҺѪΪʲôҪҰ㣬㣬ΪʲôҪҳŵ˵Ҫִ֣һһֱߣ
ûǳŵ
˻ķɶ꣬󣬶ˣֵ֪ģΪʲôҪôɵ
ζ˵
ΪʲôһҪԸԼɵһأΪʲô
ζһһΪʲôѾϵģ˺˺ü飬γѪǰȥζ˵ߣȵ
վŲ˵Һ¶𣿡
ζԥ˵ͷ
ΪֹҺֻ桭
Σ͵ֹһٸҹҹζû˵ڣֻ˵ţһμ棬ʮɽʱ˶Χ
һ佲ȥûһ
ζˡ߲ϻɢռϹܿӣ۾ɵôҲŵô
ζϹܿˡ硱ǵཻΣܽⶾѾɼΪŵɫֱһ췽ҹ̷
ζϹܿó۾˸˱ζĿ⡣
֮䣬
ǡζһʱ֪˵źãʵζ𣿡
ζ˵ͷ˵ʲô֮ʱζȴЦˣЦ˵㣬ǣҲԭ㣻ӣҵģǣ㲻ǱʩҵģζҲҪʩģҪԼҪƽ
һֻеͷƤ飬Цá
ӣΪڿЦ˵ģģҲΪСħŮƢˣ氮õģ֪ԸҪ˵ǲܣҪ˵ѣˣҲʶĴӣҲ㣡һ֤ģʵж֤
һһ㶵ģоԼϹܿ˵Ԫʯ޺ˡҩȵȣڽһ
ΰԸ뽫ӵұ֮ҾĿԴ㵽ʵǸԸ־ҵ־ҲС㣬Ӧúģ
˵꣬ζȥɿʱȴתͷųϵ˸Ŵ飬Щ˵ӣҪͬҺ͸ƽˡ


438 ·
СħŮζĳƺţ˵Ĵ󵨻Ĵ¶٣ͦࡣ
ɳζ˵ͬĻָסˡ
ңأԺֳ︡컻棬Ͻҡͷ˦֯ԣȴζǵ˿Цݣе
ʱϻȻζҪ׽Ū
ȻˣϾͲȥ˵Щʲôֱ֣׽סζ֣ʱַζһ˿ȣȻû뵽ʵĴӣ˶
˿Ŀ⣬ϸ϶ˣζҪħŮɫ˵ðζʵҡ͡͡롭
ζپȴЦӯӯ˵룬㻹𣿡
𣿡ϷӦЩٶۣζشɨҲͷӦ˹ЦвУһ֮ͬʱ𣿡
˵ţϱֱζô˿̣ϵȻֻζЦûдɵȳϱЩأǰӦʱϻţΪ֪ζ׽Ūģû˼
һ˲䣬ζ㴽Ԥ׵أͻӡ˳ϵ촽ϣ۾ζ۾ͬˣҲôޱȻԲ
ϸоζĴϹܿĴߵĸоȫһģϹܿģζЩҰԣأߵŶ룬ζȴƿˡ
ţζ˵һĿɿڴĻҲûʲôо˵Ĵ簡һģһΪܺأߣһɣǿ϶ˣ˵ţڡ
ϻûعζֵӣſңҪ
᲻÷š
ζ׷һۣƭ˭أڵЦݣѾʶҵƣ׽Ūңһ㶼棬һû˯أ춼Ҫˡ
˵ġ
ζ濴ųϵĿ⣬Թ˵ӣɣҲŮˣӦ֪԰ʱŮǺܲģҲǺСģܲζֻǿջЦţʲô
⣬ҲȻζ˵һ䣬һġ
ζûлشֻǿ첽˳ȥһ̻صķڴϣϹޱȣĶҲͣţǸطĲ촽ȥղҵģֹͣˣҺߵÿ죬ҪȻһ᲻뿪ˣãӶЩҾͳˡ
ɫһ䣬ǰδеļᶨߣˣķ¶ҲҪһӸ۸ˡζͲ֪¶ʲôǸղŵУҲ֪ǲ찤һеġ
˵ζ˵ǾóȻĻĿģ󣬵Ǿ仰Ҳȷʵеʵ뷨Ű￴Ǻɫɴ˵ǿ󰡣ôأ
һҹϡζϹܿҹδߣ
ͬδߵģ֮ؼңؼ̫ϳ˫Ѫؿѵƣôأôأģ㲻ģһˮʯ㱨𣻾ûϹңҲὫƻʵ֣ӣúڵ¿ţؼҵһڣôؼҽأ
գδţڴһ̬֮ʵϣȴáۻ󡱴ţϡ⡢սʦֵܣοʿһ볽սϽ̸ĵã̽似Խ˵Խ˷ܣϲ֮ƣ󣬱ķҵζóҪϢˣͳսƺҲԹζĿζһ˾ˣóร
ֻʣ³ζζȴû˵ֻߣ붨ȥˡ
Ϲܿ뿪һɽصϹңҲֻգǴڷδȥǸĹ£ȴʵЩ࣬Щ˹ǳϣﻹţڳϵζ
һڿʼɡնɡŵȣûŹЩס֮أҲϸϸѲ飬鵽ʱ˾ͽû̽ɵľסλõȵȣ˵ˣҪȥһֵ֮顣
ͬʱһڻХǻʧ٣һھҲǾûйӵطϣϾһڵĵ̣˭һ£ֻ·һ
նɵ߳ϣЩĻ֮Уȴֲ֪ʲôط⡣
ŵ޳ϣҲһҹδ˯ҽ컹ڼ˷УȻţŵĵӶ˵޳Ͻܺá
޳ϵ鵱ȻãıӡšϵѪ̺ĳֺܲһʼ˷ˣһҹ˼ѾƻˣҪжɵĶϣº֣ٶȣǸƴߡ
ıԣҲûͣΪϵı֣ҲһɵɱԽǲˡ
ʱҴҹͷܿȥˡ
ҹ٣һֵһڣ˲٣͸һѹֵգԭȵļƻҲǳһЩƫѶϵֱ
˲֮󣬳˵ģҲԱɺõģֻҪ¶һڱ÷ণеɽ֮ƣһȻɽ̽飡
˵ţϵķͻȻƿ͵ۣĿ罣һץסƿļȡ¼ֽ֧һɫ䣬򿪷ţԾսĳȥ
޳Цһ䣺Ȼϵˣ˵꣬ϵķȥΪϣζ϶һңйŮһ鲻Խ˳ԣҲķ
ϻͷ׼ٴжȻϣ̧ͷţϢЦ˭أ
䣬ӰϢش滬һ۱ϿȥɿǴȴǿտҲЩ΢΢ԾҪ̽ʱϿ˵أ
Ӱתһµĳϣȵôҵģ㲻𣿡
ԭ㰡޳ϣ
޳Ȼû뵽ϻ򾲣޿֣ȴҲ˵Сӣڸ·һ·ߣһ·ɢ
ǺǺǡ
Цʲô
ЦҲ·һ·׳Ѫһ·ɢ

˿̣޳ӿһֵֺĸо뻢Ƶģ޳벻ףΪʲô˸оǰСӣȻģȴǳΪܷ첻ɣ
һûҪѪҪҾѪе˼
Ҳú˼
ȻƲԣǾͱҲˡ
˵꣬޳ϳ֡
վԭһδ


439 һ
ԭ޳ɱ͡ʽɣȻҲֻûȤѡ
ʵһԣ޳ȴǲţȴǷٶȣѹЦһ˵ԸһССҪôУΪĪû˵һ仰ɱţץ㣬ֵ
ڣɱû㣡
ٷϻΪƾʱ䣿ʵ㣬ǳѾҵˣʱڣԸϲϻѾˣԣٷĻԹԸ߰ɡ
Ŷԭôһ¶
޳ϷָצУһźɫ棬ƣ֪ʲô𣿼֮㻹ӳҵָɽɣ
ΪʲôҪأ
޳ϼȻ壬ǻЦȫȻһ¿ˮ̵ģҪһЩÿָϼץȥлȵԼԼܣ
𣿡
һʣһ𣬡һһƻ޳Ҫץȥļϣ
ͻ䣬޳һͣȷٿ˴Ӽð棬켴޳ֱĵЦΪϼͷðɫ档
ѣ֮ԣһԣָȻץ¡
ϻصأ
ʱ޳ϵ֣ϼͷ֮Զ˲伴
ϵĻ£ͷϵĻ棬Ѿת˺ɫ½޳ϸݺһ۾¶΢֮ɫôӵм֮𣿲ܡ
Ļأ
˵ţϼϵĻ˱仯ɫתɫɫ֮ոҫ޳ϱоΣգ¶ȣȻͣм֮
ɫ棬ʲô𣿾ȻȻ𣬶Ǻ𣬺ɫѵ˵
޳뵽ʲôȴȷţֺغһ˵߿óɣǿշֲӵС
ʱ޳׳ϵԴںδΪʲôҪʹʽװƵĸЦģ˼ңԼ
һ˲֮䣬޳ԺͷɣҪӴָȡķģӵҲĶ֡
Ȼڸ֮ʱֱָ̧̽裬޳ϣֻһΣ֮ǰѾˣѡ˷ڣѾˣ
ߣ
ôʱ޳ȻţΪضܳʱֻҪҼȥȻ䵽ҵ
Ҫʧˣ
£׿ת޳ͷŵף󣬴ȫס޳ϣ޳Щңȴǽ߾ȫʩż֮ϣֵסס
һƬɫ֮Уһźɫ
ɫԽԽСԽԽС޳пֻţʲôСôܿôʱ䣿У֮Ķ֣ȥĻ׶༪٣ƴˣ
޳һҧҪƴ
ʱϵָȻһץȣ
䣬ɫУֹͣɢϵǰ棬һ߱
ͨ崿޳ϵòֵ飬ҧĶմӴָȡһƽɫһСźڻȫסˣ
Ŀ·𶼱ס
ֳ̽޳Ͽˣȴް취۾գһ£˼άҲЩסĸо˵ţȻ㲻ԸԶѪҾԼˡ
ȥȡԪˣȥȡ޳ϾѪ֪޳ϣ᲻һȻԱأҲɣ޳ңΪҵѪȻĿĶǾͺðˣ޳ϵˣֲ֪߳ʲôʱأ
߶УѾȡ˾Ѫʩչ
Ӻ󣬱ס޳ϣԺһӡϻ֣ɢ޳Ͻⶳȴǿ־쳣ܲ˵شʲô
ԼӦú
ܣԲܣôܹңܡ޳ȫܽʵ״񣬳ϿûĿĵȥȰ˵һ޳ϱ㱧ԴʹѣȻִԼؿڡ
һں󣬳ͣʵ𣿡
޳ϵڵϣɲȫһƬɣǱֱţôôᷢ£һһţļƻҪһɵĶϣģΪ壬ϣѾɹһߣӦóɹģȴû뵽ԵΪȻ
ΪҵѪİɣϿ˵޳ϵѾУʲôûţŵ޳ϣ仰һ㶣ʵô֪
úΪ¡
ɡ޳ϻûнܡ˵ڣʹڵϹȥ㻹ûʲô״ϼĥ̶ȣ޳ʹּͣϢʱ䣬㺰ҷˣҷˣٲˣ֪ˣ˵ʲôʲô֪ˡ
𣿡ûͣ֡
ˣӽԺҵҾˡ޳ʵܲǹҧĵʹʹԺʹòѡ
Ű֣ú£ҵѪṩ㡣
ʹٻûлָԭ״޳ϣ⻰ϲĿģΪ˵õѪѿڶʵģ
ģҪı֡
ģ֪һ֮䣬ĺǣֻҪұɣһúµģһġ޳ϱ޿涼Ҫʵ
ϻ˵һ֮꣬һɣԣ

޳ٴ⣬ΪӴԺΪͣɣû뵽лõɣһʱܳǶѾн˵һҲôܣ͵һʱȥˣңǰܲ򵥣޳˲˺ܶ࣬˫ϥŵأ˵ϣʲôԸҶɣ
ϵ˵ͷŹĹڵ޳ϣЦˣľôһˣЮգ༤޳Ϸ飡
ʲôʦģ
ҷɼţдһڽɲ֪Եɣ뵽֮ĺɽ
üдΪ棿
ȫģһҪɲΪЩʵҲôһںҪɣֲնɣɱӺѾӽıԾͿԿһڴѹɡ
ĵᣬһҿ
޳ϺԥرӴָ˳ҳЦ˵ʵʼţΪŵĵӣϧûͨ
ǰ𾪣û仰޳˳Ծ


440 һɽ
ΣҲŵ޳ϣ˿ϵ𾪣񿴵飬½һ㣡
֮𾪣ΪҪô򵥣ֻСʵ˵ûͨԣԲûܼţ
ǰһֲԵԪɣһеԵģһμӲԵģг壬һڴ󺣣˵ǲ
Ԫԣڴ󺣣壿޳϶ǰûӡŸ߸ϵôܼǵС֣ڴ˫ԵŵӣȴǸ壬Ҳ֪һμǵúǰżŵģλһЩҲ˵꣬δʮˣ
˵أ
һЦ𾪵ԭ
ⷴʣα֪˴𰸣ģǰδʮˣ죬ܳʮһóһЩӾʮнѾǾˣȻʮûҪǣǸ֮˳ɾͣǾǴСͿʼƾһڵۺĵرָƷ׵ҩƷ׵似ʱؿѵȵȣνǾѣǰδͨŵĲԣ˵ʿЩѻһЩԭ֮һ仰ǰܲǣ̶̵ʱ䣬ʵͱ˺ˣɱ˶˵Լ¡
εУ֪ôģʮ꣬һڣеĲӿþòͣϢȫ۸֪
ûϹʵһ֪٣
θϽع˽һڣ˵˳üͷʵ֪ʹ룬ҡͷһڵܣǰǳսһûгҲǺг˵Դһս֮󣬹ϢûˣǳԼ⣬˭Ҳ֪
Ҫѭȥֵ̫ϳ˵һڵ֮⣬һ壡
һ壿۾⣬֪
ҡͷ
Щʧתٲ֮ǰûͷӬײڿĿȥѰӴָȡһֻƿָѪƿӵǰ棬ϲͣߵл
ֻҪҵˣΪҰµģҾ
СҵıӾͲһ㣬ųĳֶǷ̺һúõģƷ׵ĵҩ
ϵͷһ£ռһƾշĲϡ
ǣһռáûдۿۡ
⣬һй¶Ӧ֪ʲôɣ
֪Ҷñ֪ǲСй¶ұػϻȥ
ˣ߰ɣʱȺҵٻ
ǣ
һԾĵ˳ȥڿУﻹ治ζڽ֮ǰżǰ;ĳϣץסǸѪʵ飻֮ȻˣȻǳϣȻõѪѾһ꣬ѾƵˣ
ȥãһҹᳵ·ɽּ䣬ΧȡһˣŷΧ֪ص˽ϵס
ʱϴҹ£Ҳϣֻ档
ûظľһӣ⣬˽ȥȴһˣɻ䣬ͻһӺ𣬡Ϸ𣿡
ϱ֣ȴţ̹Ȼ˵ʵôҵģ
ϱĵ˵Ϣûһ¶˷ֲˣϧĹûң
ԭˡ
˵ʲôˣϷʲô
ҹǰһ飡
ҹ£͵͵ҷ飿ʲô£
һɽ壬
һɽ壿Ҳʳһɽֻ壬е壿
ԭҲ֪Ȼ㲻֪Ҳûлŵļֵˣ
Цǰڳԣ
һҹΪ֮أ
üͷһ壬û֣һУǺɫƣϿ֮𣬵ʱ뵽֮£ŭȣ㣬֣

ЦˣǻҪٹܽҵûϵȻԶˡ
һûչأҪأ
ôӣսһڵʥ
ʥҿǹƨ֮࣡
û˸һڣһڣؽ֮أ
ƾ㣬ʸ񣡡
𣿡
ЦֱһϸС飬ȥ
ĲУ
ϻصɫתϿ뽪ʩչġľ޼ȻʵȫһЩԭ켣ȫ˽ȥ
ô似㾿˭ʲôˣоŭ֮£ӿ˿ҵɱ
СүԴģ𣿡
ϷҪǺηʥһеγâнԪǿ磬󿪴أɫâףбնҵļ
е⣬šЦȫ͹ϣһնƣ³ϣϱǿɳɾƵĵȵòϺˣиʱҪһ㡣
ôһֶΣҷǲ֪ٳϷһŭȣǣ⣬·ӷкȻնϡ
ϲ˫ֽڹⱬƶǿ͵һײʱɢǰϸСӣҲѳɷĩϡۡ³һѪˤ䡣
ϴϲХУǰУ⽻ŭ¡
УϵĺɫҲɣϼһżΪϤףһЦʱ㣬Ȼ㣬ʲô
ʧУǵ͡
ͬʱбɢļ֮ȻתתƵʣһģһʱŭɳֱ֮Ϯϡ
д󾪣֪Լ֮ϮУֻѪͽɭɭ׹ǣ֮͵šȻؾסǰУ֮գȴϣһ飬ţ㿴ɫȻɫ֮Ҳתɱ
˲䣬γϱסҲס֣׳ʿѾѾѸײڶ֮ƣɱ
㡭
ļ֣Ҳסˣûаԥ̽˽ϵȡԪˣջغףһż֮ϵʬ廯ɻңȼط
ӰԾããɫС
ѾٳΧʱ첨ϣ죬첨˭һץзɱ⣡
÷Ǹʵ


441 Χ
첨ϳţ
ʱһޱȵɽ鱩һӣк
һ˵ǾԵĳ裬֮ѾˣҲֻյؼҿ;֮Ϊ㣬⣻յȴ첨ĺ֮أ֮ǿȻ˵֣϶ˣνͣ
ˣǸŭˣ
첨壬ŭˣ
һ˵ҪĲǽͣץǸ֣һڵ
ɱϣȫǻۣһü֮ýϷ㶣ڶУҼװУȥģװ𾪣ûɱ֮
һһ˵ȫǰճϵ뷨ߵģ϶ס֮ûȡϵľѪԿƣֻȡԪˣ˳Ĵָ
һΪ·ǸԱ£ǣϸͲһ˵ǣҪһһսһڵϣ
һͳα֮ãˣóϷģ϶кܶ෴ԵֻһڵǿơԵᡢɱ¾ѹסˡ
ѹƣһݵĸ취
񵯻ɣѹԽףʱԽ󣬾Խҡ
ģҪȥȼǡ˵ٴҲֻǸˣһˡˡȺ塱˵ˡ
һڳϲѰϢ̽һصĵ塣
ǣҪģȴǰȻصȻһڲȥǿɾͻᱻػɣ˵ʹ˴
һڹȻ鴫Ǹ𻹲һӣеĳڣˣţѲߵ˱һһѲ顣
ʱϻûȫΧ򣬵ҲûڰУǴһڵӵķΣóǰ֮ʱǸĵģһڵȺȥûһ˷֡
ֽʱ̣ڼʶһڵǿִģȫһǳ洦ɼн͸߽ӰΪȫ΢һ㣬һǧ֮
һǧһʲôƴɱţȫ֮Ҳһڣһץһѣ
һǧֻһ첨ѣѣһ˵ӵʣһһ˽ǽ첨һܲʮ
Ȼ֪ɣֻ֮ڵڶϲ²⣬һΪ뵱ıйأΪʺͺүүʣң绹͡
⣬һڻľķ壬ټ⼸Ļۣȫǲ֪ж٣
Щǿõпģʣۣͻ۽ľǿߣ
һڵǿ󣬲ɣҪôǿԣƷѳ̶ȣֱ󣻺ڣ׼һһţһһ΢΢š
һ죬֮𣬿ɳԭ֮ƣ
ŵʱһ𣺡㣬㣬㣬㣬Ǽһˣɿ;֮Э˷˶ҶҰѲ飡
ǣ뻮һӦ֮ЩСӳתԼ£ȥ
ȡģӦʮңȴֻһ߽佫ʻϺãһڣһм䣬̫ˡ
ģ㣬ߡ
æһֳֻƽɫǹӣȥˣϰȻ߳Χɽ֮䡣
һ˼磬ȴô
ҪϢ뿪ܼ򵥣ϢһڰһƾֻнĶӳǲֵܷģǣһҲ˵Ļɣһڱ뵽ֿ뿪˺֮ء
ɲǳҪģϻһûͷûԵϺһӣ
ԣҪһʧ˻ɵİ취
ʱɽּ䴫һ޺ӳ󾪣׳ôӿٶȣȥ
ٶȶȻӿ죬ͻ˵һɽٵ׻ϵޣԺʱ⣬޴зųһֻɫ֥ɺ棬ѭ޺޸
֥ɺٶȿޱȣһˣųʮ׵ľ룬ǳ޾Ϳʼŭŭŷζ϶Ǳ֥ɺݺݸһǡ
ţ޵ŭһӣԽԽϢ֮䣬ڶӳ죬ȵҷֿܣ·ڴϣ
˵꣬ӾһߣҲֿѰȥͬһʱ䣬޳ǰֻӳªޱȣϵɫʯ֮ɫ
ͨСֻɫ֥ɺȳһˣ˼޳ʱң󺰾ȴȡ
䣡
޴һţ裬ȥ߽佫紸һΣѪ磬ºȻŻ
ӵøˡ
Цˣ֥ɺ潫ޱ׷ų϶ȥϵųܳһξ룬˵ߺ󣬱óĻУͬʱѸȥ£ָҹ£Ծʧ˳ǰ
֥ɺȻҲ˻
޼ʧȥĿ꣬Ϊŭż²ͣ»󣬼»ޡ
ٶظȥﻹţǳ³Ļ𣬵е˼֪ǲҲڳɳͽħޣǵĻʮ֮ĳޣ³Ļ֪ж󣡡
ϹܿѾûԭǸסһŭϹܿ뵽˳ϣ𾪣ĵӣδ̫ˣʲôϹܿߵʱǾ仰Ұ꣬һ㣡
Ҫʲô£ϹܿţӿǣţһڵӣǰѰϹܿ򿪷ţվʮһڵӣΪһˣòᣬͦӢֻ˵ϹС㣬Ѳ飬½⣡
ûϵѲ顣
Ϲܿ˵ţ߳ùΪϵǸ֪صûУҪûлȥ
ʱͻȻһ紵ϹܿɴΪ֮˸պߵϹܿߣպתϹܿգʱʧ˻궪һ㣬ԭء
ɴִסϹܿȴûع
Ϲܿ״һ
Żعȴ˵ϹС㣬ҽҷ磬ĺ
֬׷۶ѡϹܿЩ䣬ҷȴ⣬һֱϹܿ˹ûκηʱҷתȥȥ֮ʱ˵һ仰ϹС㣬ʲôҪæģʱҾС
ллϹܿž룬üͷЩ΢塣
ȥѰ·ϣҷĶԱ˵Ҵ磬ǲǿϹСˡ
˵Ϲһ飬һȻ鴫
ҴܿϹСòԵ֣ҪȻΪʲôҴ翴ˣȴûпҴɲҪԵ֣ϹСδѾˡ

⻰ҷ뷨


442 
ҷе뷨ϹܿǲΪҲһ֮Ե󣬵һڵķһһɽӴ֮޸ϵ
Ϲ֪ܿɴֻһ۵ҷ磬Ժ鷳
ͬʱΪ˹ƽƴζǹŭһɲǣתٶȣܵ˳ϵķ
һˣζӣô
һʱ䣬ζ뵽ģǳʲô£ǳϵİΣζڷ߶ҪһӦ˼룬˼ڤ룬ζ벻취еյ˵ңôãûаٱ䣬Ȼܱɴӵģһ
˵仰ʱζҲˣаٱ䣬˴ӣԼʧνͣһ㣬ζȫȻˡ
ζļʱִˡѲ顢׼Ҷһӽһӣھõ£Ҳ˻
ŶٹӣҪѲ鵽䷿ζֱСţ۾һݣšаٱ䡷Ĺдʡ
ұ䣬ұ䣬ұ䡭
Ųѵſڣζûб
УȴƮһӰ
ӡζϲ֣Ҫÿһΰ㣬ȥסȴֹס˵㣬Ƕˡ
ϵͷҲҸϻصüʱһ絽ߣڴϣҲһ֮£ϵòѾ仯ϺʱΪޣŰ߰Ѫɫǲ԰ޱȣֱһ˲һϢģ
ЩѲ飬쿪ţٲţǾҪײˣ
ʲô𣡡ζҲǸһӵǰţ۾ˮøģһڵһԶȫӿ˽Ѳŷÿһطһšˡĳϣǵζŭ
һڵȻأǵȻ֪˱ɱǶףԣ൱زζڴǰ˵źţĸԼ̶㣬Уϸһŭȣô˵ҲǿߣЩ̫ڷֻȻ˳ȥ
նɡšŵȵȿ;֮Ѳ飬ܼӣӵģɡ
һԴʱ䣬Ҳ뵽һ֮Ϊ
ų£ıԣʱжϣѲ첨ÿһš
һѰˣŭѣԾߣȻҳʱڷҹĳϣڵϣһ˳ȥ
һΣϵĿ꣬Ͳ첨ϣȥԱߵľ壡
һպգڲҲһ飬һ֮ڣŲпľ֮䣬ң˭ʵǿһǰõĺôԴ࣬ͬʱҲһڵĻȨ
־˵һĬģ˵һڹΪ֮ΪΪֻоһڱֳʢ˥̬ھĺҲ͸Եˡ
˿̣ľϣһֻϢ
ԭ첨˸ŶѾľķ壬ʲѣû뵽ŶǸƣȻˣ̨ǻûд𾪵Ϣлعʱ첨ֱɱ˷˻Ȼ󣬾Ȼ첨ĳϣ򣬶˸ɸɾ
һ첨֮Уֱ׹ײķľϵˣҲһֿϷ̬첨ŭȴϵѾľ壡
أûɱ˷Ż֮£첨˵עҪȫ龡һ壬ܲܵõһ˿
һɽ壬ǵһֱɽ壬ÿһ嶼ͦվϽΧ㣬켫Ǹ߹죬ļ̵Ĳľȵȡ
ľȻû켫ǰߣȴҲֱƺΪĥӣɽʵǣ·УЩѲϣʵڶɽڡǧʯ֮䣬ƽأ
ʱ䣬ûдģȴǽľһţľϣϿôһҩ԰ҩ԰Ѿ԰ݣӦҩƺҩȫֲŸҩٶϰģǧģǳûҶҩȣ˵ʲô֮࣬ʱ󷨣ɾ͵òʧˡ
ѰƷ壬ƷϣȫŮӣˣƷ洦ɼ滨ݣŮ˰ʹȻľ塢첨ɽûеĳúÿƷȴߵĵͽħޡ
Ȼ壬ϣɼĶħޣҶϵħޣ߽ס˽ħޣԽϣħ޵Ʒ׾ԽߣϢ䣬С壬ѵһħ޷岻ɣħޱؽǣ
켫壻켫壬ǳϤĶ
һɽҩȣ˶ħޣѹֺһܹ֮ס˼ţһֱоһڵźɶҪʤһ
켫һ壬˸׼ظʱȴ깦ŵӵĶԻʦ֣˵һֻޣ
ӦòǿѨ磡
ʵɾһ¥
ߣƾһֻ޾ѹ켫壬ܡ
ֻޣڽأ
ô¶ҲӦڽأ
ﶯһޣأػǵ𣿡ţֻ˼˵ȥǴģշ𣿾շˣҲһǹ޸ɱˣѹ켫壬ûôף켫Զһڵһ壡
Ҫѹǣ첨Ҳͷųԣڴ֮գҪѹһõɽǵǸѡֶ𣬾ȻһСëͷնûҷ𣡡
ǺǺǡ첨ѾЦˣʦЩܲã׷ŭ˭˭أ첨ϵһɽͷһĨƽˡ
켫;Բ¶Ҫ˭켫Ϊ϶ͱץסˣ
˵ò
ʦǸֻû˵ڣͿһӰͻȻǰʦֻһݣһ糤ѩǹȻһǵ߳ȵ˭
һ˸˫ָһ̵׼ϣɱ磡
һЦҲ𣿡
üͷһ壬һۣ΢΢ͷһһϹȥŭâȻǣѩ׳ǹĿϻҫɫ棬˫֣һץסѩ׳ǹһ˫̵
ɫ糣ȴһһɴ˲ԣк¡죬ƺǧֻôһ
ģ


443 ɱ
ģ
ʣһȴûдлع˵Ŀ⣬㶶űеѩ׳ǹţѩ׳ǹƷǹ֮ʵ񣬾Ǿʯѩ׳ǹҲƿڣȻİ־ץסˡ
˵ʦܺҲ࣬ͬʱǿɫ棬Ҳ첨Īǣ˾ף
һ뵽˾ͷŭȻһڲɶʱȴ൱һŽᣬϾͬһڡ
ʦܣȥԮס
˴ȵյӾҪӣٴδ˳䵽Ϸ㻹ӵ𣿡
£ϵĻμȫڣȫյӵֻûѿͱһβƣ̶ȫ
һƴһ𣬹Ҳһ߱
ϽڼϣԾ֮䣬ʧһմȡ˾ѪʩչԿ֮󣬽⡣
˵Ϊֻڸ߽磬ȻһԻָ룬˾ήҵڵϣԺͻȻӿǹӡޱȿ־壬ɹȴŭ˵㾿˭һʲôͼ
仰϶öˣȻᣬֻϷ򽻴ȻҿɾҪǵҳ϶ȣжˣ
ʲô˼
һ˾ͿʼڵϴʹĹǣһʹݷͬͬʱҧһ㡣
ʹʹ
ʮӲյӾѾܲˣ㵽Ҫ
λã
ؾ졭
ʦܣ˵Ҳ˵˸ϽյӵĻһЦȻײ±ϣײѣϡУѪ罦ѣյ˫ŶӣҳֺɫȴǱѪҪըѿ
ʦ֣ҡ֧֡סˡ
Ҫ֡ס³һ֣һѪ
յʹػصǡҡҡˡ
ȹٻػϾѾ˵ȻҾͳȫ㣡˵꣬һըյӱ㿴ǰһ緢ҪִҵĹʦ֣ķˣըмٱըɷĩ
ôһһ飬һһأʧǰ
ѾûٶյʩʹӣȻڲţʹţһϵʹࡣ
벽𣿡
ҡҡ롭յӽ˵ص
֪ģȫʵ
塢Ʒ塢켫Ľ紦ȫԭʼɭ֣Ѳ⣬˼޼֮࣬Ҳô¶ҲΪûнȥ
⣬Ѿ⣬һҪȥһˣ
أ
֪ľЩ
˵˵켫壬˵˵һڣ֪ȫ
ҡյЩԥһߣյӱ羪֮˵˵ǰ˵ˣǰܷһ·𣿡
Զһ£Ҳɱ㣡ǣҪǲ˵ͱˣ
Ѿ֪ǰܿҵֻҪǰɱңҿԸǰ̽鱨
е˼ЦˣǾҪ˵ģⲻˡ
յӼϽؽ֪һУȫ˵˸׵ףԽԽأһڱĻҪǿ
𣿡
Զص˰죬˵Ҳ֪㲻¶һʱĪһˣ֪ȥδ
ʧ٣
ʧ١
ֱ⣬۱˭һԵ޹ʵһλأϽʵ֪һڵ𣿡
壿һֻ尡ôеأ
ҲֻǱ֮һϣϾ첨ϣΪǿߵĽ϶֪һô֪أŵʱԶÿĿ⿴ܾˣϣܷһ·
û˵һ仰תԾնߣԶʱ̱ڵأڴڵسŸղŵһУŵϻԼɼĵεѪֱһΣλҪΡ
һж𣿹ʦûˣҵҲ˿ˣ
ţֳǰԶϽڵϣǰҡ
ɱ
Զ̧ͷһſһˣϸһʦ֣㡭
㣡Զô
ҡҡ
Զһ仰˵򽫾ǰȣɱ
ڵϣôҲ֮ҲޣԶ˿˿ϣٿ˿ʦǰվλã֧ʰ̵ȥ
ԶʲôɱңһڵŹͬʦֵܣУΥߣܻձ̣֮
ʦ֣ԲҲ벽ʦֵĺ󳾣롮顯һûˣԡ
ʦ֣ʦ
Զܣ˵ǣ
ǲô¶ԶѾߵǰĿ⣬ھŵġҪУ̵ĵﲿλ
Բ𣬾ʦ֣ɱ㣬֪ģֻȥ
ϺԶʼĴ㣬Ǳʳ֮󣬾ͽ˶ˣǼԶһ̰֮ˣ˷һ
ڱУɱͬʦ֣Զٲ˿ͷһɫ緢һкۼ˸ɸɾ
ץԶɽУһ䡰Ϊ֮Ļֵˡ
ԶŻȥôͣ¶ŵʱ򣬳Ѿصסţȫ˵ζˣζóһƤѾɽ壬ζݳ˵켫塣
ʱ֮Ƥϱªɽ壬Цζĵ֮ԽԽ˰
ٴȤңʴӱЩֵܡζĻû˵꣬ͻֹסˣϵЦҲƤĿת¶ǰδеء
ҲƤ˰죬ȴûгʲôʵζôˣ㷢ʲô
ӣ㿴ɽ״ʲô
ʲô
塪С󣡡
󣿡
۾ͻؾޱȣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫֱֱضƤ
һߣϹܿ죬һĲã˼ŵˣ϶Ǹҷ磡
Դһ֮Եҷÿ춼סжæÿһЩСտʼ죬ҷ绹Ȱ˵Ҫˣ˵ʲôҪӣҪڰ˳䣡
⣬ϹֱܿЦѣҷ粻֪¾Լɱġ
˵жǡ
Щһһ룬Ϲܿﻹ֪˼ôܽܣģǸгϵӣ
ǣһڣϹܿҲòټҷУõһЩûץסֵϢһֱίš
ϹܿţֻǰһƬʺ졭


444 ۣҷ
Ϲܿһţǰ磬һȥȫʺĻ·˻ĺ󣬷˱ǣֱ飬ɫģ͵Ծһˣ裬Ӱ֮ʻóһšġ״
ҷ棬ٷػߵϹܿǰЦ˵ϹС㣬ϲ𣿡
ϹܿЩȣȴǲϲһƬƽҷЦݱЩǿΪµһһӴϹܿ϶кøУȻٰڳôһ棬ϹܿжͶĻ
㲻ͶĻҪЦݰɣȴôһ顣
ҷЩĲʣȻ¶ţ˵ҵƷλʦժģ𣿡ҷ仰һôĻ֮ףûйҲпͣǣ۶ôֻ࣬ҪϲȥĻ˵ϣٲۣҲ˵Щ滰ɣͻ˳˶ϣ
ֻǣҷĻһ˵꣬Ϲܿͻشһźüɫ̬ĺɫҷˣæʵϹС㣬ôˣʲô£
ԡҹӣҡСŲûһŻͻоǰЩ̫ˣԡӦǿһЩϹܿĿԴͣ
ҷôҲû뵽׼ôõİ֮ʾȻΣôһǺôһŰģ˺ôһ£
ϹС㣬ʵڶԲҲ֪ᷢ¶ϽЩٵϡҷ缱ҪȥϹܿæȰ˵ҹӣˣϢһͻû¶ġ
ǺãǺãϹСȥϢ
ҹӣǸлӺ⡣Ϲܿ˵ţҷشѾ˽ȥšꡱһŹˣҷ翴żʧǰػعͷЩ۲ŻʻŭӿֱȥЩʻй֮ڣһնȥһƬʻͱʵϡã
Ǽ֮ҷ翴Ϲܿķ䣬ᶨ˵Ϲܿҵģһõ㣬Ϲʧȥؼ֮ԮӦúԸôһڵĵɽɣ
ϹܿȻ֪ҷʲô⣬ţξܾҷˣţ鲻Խһ䣺Ҫöá
֮ϹܿûϾѣ˼֮С
Ϸζص˵ţԽԽҲ²Ϊ棬һڵֱʿ󣬾ȻֱøƵɽֻǣ￴ҲֻһбȫȻÿԺú֤֤
ܵóʲôۣ
ģۣҲ²⣬֮Ǵ˵еĵ壡
壡Ȼʧ˵һõһصϢϲ˵ζ֮˼λصпۣҲпܲǣ
ȴѾ¶˾ģطȥһ˲ɣǣжõЩ뿪ٵǹƥȥȻʱй¶ֱһˡ
첨첨Ͻɭɭ˾ͽİȥҳϣҲʵ֣˾ͽ㻯Ϊš
ڴ󺣺ͳ壬Ҳֻ첨ʮŨǶץЩǣ޳ϾȻԽ̵ǣڴ󺣾ˣϾڴŵţϣɳҲõεĸչˣԹʲûʲôֻҪøպһɣ
෴ƽһƲ˵ĵԣΪһССĴ󣬶޳Ϻݺݸһ٣ҸĳͷǶ֪Щ仯ʲô
жϣңңڣڸûָƣɳ˲ûлţһţһȥ̽ĹڽصϢһߵţű
ϺһڵѹƣǲƵѹȥ
ʵȷˣ
ɵӸտʼԱһţͣȴһڵֿһδֻͬʱҲһڵܹƣǣʱƣԽԽأԹҲԽԽࣻʼһڻǿѹƣ˼СģĦ֮󣬷ԵˣԽԽˡ
һǿǿЩܺͣǣһҲܽЩɵȫɱ꣬һھͳʸ֮ģ
ھƿҪ񻯣һʮʱ˿ڣԼУǶԱԹ˵ÿɳһǿѡ֣һս⽱ӱ
˵Թ߲ŸƽϢֽע˱ϡ
һϵķΪ뿴ܲܳս֪ԸõһĻᣬϽɱѾˣµһָʲô¶ˡ
ңܸоЩЩƺʲô¶Ҫ㣬£ϱ㲻ԸٳͷֻҪһȥξС
ˣսˣҲᣬѡ֣ԶܳսĽǣζսںΣǣһҪעԼİΣ
ѾˣµһȻơˣ԰ˣɵĳս֮ˣȫˣΪ˱⻳ɣѾźԼҲҪһδɱΪõõһ
ڶϵľҲӵϾľ֣ش֮
ҲͲٲڴ£ǻ׼ãɢȥǱأһ
֮ɣȴһ£
ҷˣ
϶ҵ쳣Ӧзǣȴ͹ұҲʧˣԭΪֻΪһ߽ǰͷ
ãҳֵռʣ
ңʣ
Ҳ
ǰ˼⣬ָһЩʣҲΪҳ֣Ҫ˵ʣĳһΪĬĬ֮˵
ʵ˵Ϊôһںүү֪ȥһжҪػɵӵ£һԱֶΣˡ
ʱϾ˽ǻˣȴʤ׷ǣҷһһá
ҴŴԴƵĸ߽Ԫʯ߽޺ˡҩǸƷ׵ķɣӴ֮󣬱ֶһʵۺļ壬ң
Ǹʵİ£ΪͻͽҲһԾ˳Ϊ
⣬˳֮ʱպڰ·ϣһӱ׵ˣ֪ҷѵϢ֮ƣһȺˣ˴Ҳǲ֪ȥ򣬲֪ǻ
ɵѣδʹ˽


445 Ϣ
ҷң
Ϣٶȣ¸ţСңɣԽ塭
ɴڲƣԳ˵ԤϣֵһڣҲõ
ϢûдһڣһڵıԣȻš
˾ͽƥһӵıУʵϣ˾ͽȫսʤ֣ҪáǬת˾ͽ˵Ļǵúδʱǧʩչһڵ֪ͻɱ֮
Ϊڵ˾ͽȫûбҪԼϣһѾܶԵڵ֮ˣڵҲûй˾ͽȰ˵˵Ҫţƾ츳ò˼꣬Ȼ
ųսȻڴ󺣣뽣նɵĵζŵ콣ŵĵӣܲ˵һڡ
һҵƴɱһӮ콣ţǺɣζʤǵһ
ڽնɵĵӣڴ󺣸ˣն߲߳ѣնʧ𣬹˳ϣΪҪǳϽ˶ڴ󺣸Ͳ˶Ķ֣ټüƻĽϣͻȻ𣬼ƶԸɵļƻҲ˶ǳԼʱ䣬δ֣߳оŵͬʱԹָһ¥
ʱ߳ŭһϣۿζԵĳϣݺţƣҲŹģԽ֮ǣȡͷ֮ʱ
߳ɱϱйߣⲻ֪ҲڴԪ˵⣬ۿԾҪɾҪ뿪һɽҪصʱ䣬ҲԽԽΪԲʵʩǸƻҪһδаٱ䣬ܴﵽռ磬ԽϢñȱ磡
ǣ´ָԪ˲ܶһְһ֣ʱҪ߳ϵԪˡ
ڶգζڴƾǷɽӡɫ壬ռĪˣϣųôãҲǲڴ󺣴ܣ
˵ںΣɶĽҲ⡣
ҲһϣҹжǱ߳ס߳Ϸ֣Ȼû˶ӣ߳Ͼţûһʽɾؽٽնµ⣬ֱ뿪һڣţ
һа׵֮󣬳ϻص׵Ԫˣһڵõģȫһһöһö£Ԫ޵ѹƣ
ʹһοʼ̫ǿʮӺԪԪȫľͨȻδɣӣϱԪҲһգͨδɡ
ѣϵҽˮԪһ𷢶ʱĥͨɣ
ֻǣȣ
֪ռͨ˶Ԫ
ͨɺ󣬳ǿţûΪԣҧʱûԪһʮΣյ飬ңһؿԪˣľԪ˽϶࣬ԴƵľԪƷʣҲߣˮԪˮԪԪڣó
ˣԻΧڵԪܱһΧڡ
ϲûȥԣ֮Уüޡ
ҹͣյԣ϶ûȥǣƼأõϢһڵ˸˵ͬʱԲ⣬ųһغ
ϹܿϢ˵׳ǹװģлǣͬʱԱֵԽԽҷ磬ϹܿķڲȼվͿ뿪һڣʱһоɢˣҷ磬ЩŲµǸгϵй̼֮׵ˣ
ζվ̨֮ϣ˫ȭ˿ţһ᲻öһŮɱʱζֱԵһս䣡
һӣһ㶣벻ɻ˸ɴط֮ʱζѾ̨һ벻ܲϵļƻٴա
ʱҷɣռ֮һʣ˵Ϣٶȣִһڣ
һڳţͻϢͷǱ֣֪ȴ£һ󣬾ʱֹͣǵļƻ䣻ɳȥ̽ǺΪȻܽʸˣٲһʣںδ
õϢһڣûнϢȥϢԴһڵ鱨ɾͲЩԶԣϡζǶ֪ɷľ䣡
ֻǶϾвԽԽأɵһڿܻڰ·϶֣Ͼնɱ˶һھ
Խһ£»棬ƺֻȥʱ䣬ʱô֣һǽն߳ϾȻûμӣһǳϿɶϵ񣬺ǸӣмгЦпȵ
ֻȥһʱգɷ׷׸ǣһɽ
ôʱ˾ͽȻûҵȥϣһɽİ뿪һڣȥҳϡ
ϡսˣҲɵõ̧ɽ
һɽʱȴô򵥣һڲֲ飬ǻǸ֣ܾͻأرǼ鵽ɣ鵽ϣǰٰ㷢ѣζΪ˳Ͼ
˷׷뿪֮ʣնɵĵȴˣΪǵ߳ʧˣնҵһڣһҲ˵һֻίߡ
Ϲܿ൱ƣΪ뿪һڣܹҷľ˭ϵȻҪɽҪͻȥϹٰܿƳ٣ҷ綼ǲҪϹܿϹܿ޷ֻ·
һɽԶˣζ㽨ɷֳɼ·ϻȥдΪĶϣȻһ£ҽϻߣ£еӷֳʮ·ϻɡ
ϼԾѵĶϽһ˶飬һ˷ۻһڣ֮ǰζ˵ӣɵ㣬һҪҡ

Ҫ㲻ңҾٴɽ㣬Ҳ
һġ
黰֮󣬳ζУζΪһηֱ𣬲̫ãȻǹǱһڣζóƾšаٱ䡷Ҫ뿪һڣѡ
û뵽һηֱʱ䣬ó󣬼
ζķֱƻЧ첨ϹȻ˲ԸϾôصɣʮ·Ҳѣֻ޹
ϣһɽرԵ׼һ̽
ҲڴʱζõҵϢţٶɸϻȥ
ͬʱһˣɣ
ζõϢʱ򣬱΢еҲõϢš罣նɣŵɶĬκ˵һ䣺ˣ֪ˣʱɽ
ҡҡϹҲõϢؼҲ⣬ؼ̫ϳȴ쳣˷ܣȫȻµֻǲͣᣬˡ
ǱڱĴϸҲϢȥˣͬȥģйڡơһЩϢЩϢԴͷǳ壡


446 
ڵҹǳ˸Ŀ֮Уһҹ紵ɽ֮гĺХ֮У֣ЩǳâҲ͸ں֮⣬˼أֻ᲻ԴΣϢ
Ϣó٣ϲ֪ɵľ䣬ȸϻɣ֮л̽˿̣һɫȻԥһ̤˽֮ڡ
ߵúǰУܱһڳ֮Ϊصģֲ֪֮ǰ滹ޣܱΪȻƽ֮
߳·ûǺû޺ֻźХѵгϲڿ֦ҶϣɳɳɳΧȫ˶ϱסĹľиˮͰֵٻơ
ϱ̽ΣšǬ֮ľԪ̺ľԪ൱Ũ°빦һİĻʱرԪĳ棬״̬ıһǳҪ顣
ʱȥϿľһɲ䣬˻ɣľһڵĽ
ʱǰ̤һһǺ֮ɽ֮д˳˷Ǻ໥ӦЩëȻ
໣໡
פüͷоЩ죬˳һʱǺʧ̤ȥǺֲܵشΣԽԽӿ
ˣʣһ֮Ȼ㣬̧ͷȥǾ޴Ҷƣһ˿⡣
жܱûжá
ûбܿȥѭǺȥ֪ǰǣƫȺУ
ԼһʱǺţоƺҲйϸоԺʹдߣֻֻһ͵ݿ˶
ɳɳ죬
Ѿǰһ˫˫źɫ׹۾ڶųϵһ˲䣬ȫϳ˶ҫɫ棬Щһ٣ţŭ
һ˵ħ޶ԻǣһЩܵη壬ȺǺƸûĸо㣬ҽż𣬳Ҳ÷ЩͨȫһǱ𵱳ڰԨĻǣΣոʮ֣
Щǣ󣬶䳤Ұţ壬¶ɫ׹⣬ݶѪ죬ʨӰСٶȼƱӣһԾ֮£а֮࣡
⻹𣿡Ȼ
ǣϻӰӵΧЩľϹ˸ֶߣ鹴ƣ£ɫҫ֮£ް쵣ҶҡƵʶȥŴζѪӣ˵Ĺɲ
ϣ˸ֳϼδĳӣһƬڼ֮ӳ£ȻӫЩֳĴ·ǴǰٻӵĴŶĤ
еĹóȻĳϣʾǿҵĲӭϷһģѪɫǣҲЩ쵶ߣҪɳ棡
һֻɫľ޴֩룡
޴֩ӭëڽۿҪײϳݣһȦȻ֣ס˾޴֩룬ûֹ޴֩ǰĴǣȴųϣһֽк󣬸ͻʳһɫҺ壬ɫҺڹȦϣȦ澹ðɫ̵ͣ
ɫٴζݣԪָķȦΪֹΣһǹŽڶǺ׻ڵĸ߽֥ɺ棬ΣǰɫҺ塣
ǰαƣýͣϾŽ֥ɺ̷ǰɫҺ壬ȴŹޱȣƺɫҺ彫Ȧȼһ㡣
ûþ޴ɫ֩ȥһ޴֩붳סӽ˴ָպоټԪָȦԳڵԪȫܹɳܻԪָԪȡ
̾޴ɫ֩빥֮Щ͸ֶߣûгϹЩѪɫǳ嵽ǰ
УѪɫѾֹͣǺ
ʱͣڳϼʮԶһȥֻѪɫǣһֻѪɫǣϻһ㣬Ծ˿УֻǰצɭȻҪץסȻҧϵ塣
ѪɫǻڿУȡһͨʸȥȴֻһĽײѪɫǱײɵ棬³Ѫûˡ
оâȻֻȡһָķôҲƷϣķѪɫǾȻã
ֻѪɫѾϵΪŭˣһǺȺŭһԶϳɱҺצȫ¶˳ɭȻ
óؽһʽնؽ֮棬ȻǰļʮֻѪɫǣеıͷеı˸еıն֫нѪѪζ
ԾڿеѪɫǿһĻӶһ£ţȻƴͬʱ﷢ǰȫһǺȣ˵űˡ
ѪɫȻŭȴҲֻѡ
ֻɲǼ书ЩѪɫǾͳն˸ɸɾ˸Ǻʱ̾ϵĶߣڿеĳͻȫ
ǵĿ꣬ǳϣǳϿѪɫǡ
ֻۻҵĶߣ߿һţһͷͷѪɫǾͱ߸๾ࡱ⣬಻𣻻ŹֵĳһȺȺشѪɫǵʬ
ֻɭɭ׹ǣ
£ͻֽǰ׹ҧ̾
һĻȸղųնѪǧٱǳϵӴ죬֮¸ǧٹ֣ǾһͷƤ飬ӿһȻ֮У
ʮʱϰͷѪɫǾȫȫʧˣֻµѪԵ˵Ÿղŷ£Щߡص׹ָλ
˿գ˵أ
ϿһֻشĶĵ߹⣬·𿴳Ƕڶ˵ͣɱ㣬ҺöԵ㡭
ָо֣ƫƫʵᵽ
ɳЦˣţС˲ôռģԽȥҪ³Ҫµø࣡
ѪɫٴϮεĹģˣЩѪɫǸûІ£һȺһȺسϳˡǺս
ǲ壬նÿһһƬѪɫɥЩߡûѪɫǵʬȸԾޱȡ
ʮˣɱʮӣΧѪɫǣȻûһٵƣǰ飬ǳϵ֮ҲȫѪɫǣٴξȣ棬жЩֶ϶ǽ
һڣ֪ǵĽһˣ


447 
Ȼ϶ڵԪģϾһˮԪɺһ󲿷ԪɽˮԪڣǣԪܰװ˷ֵط滹ʲôΣգ˭Ҳ
ԣϿԾŵģϼŵĺɫǣ⿪޴ֻ֥ɺ棬СĴ£ɲʱǵأ
ѪɫǵƤӲ֥ɺǰֽͬ
һ̣Ѫɫǵĸڣ̶һͷѪɫǣֻһϢ֮Ĺ򣬾ͱ˸ʬʬڵϵʱ򣬶Ҷ㣬תƮ£
ֻ֥ɺӿżĹ򣬳ΧʣһƬյأ
ɫߡ֥ɺķΪҲɵڵȥѪɫǵʬ壬ӹ󣬱ʬЩѪɫˣˣһĺдɱڳѪɫǣתˡ
ǵٶȣ֥ɺһαˣ
ҲӲ
ʱϵĿ⣬һǶϣ۾Ŀ⣬Ѿʧȡ֮ģȫǿ־壬һЦһССֻ֥ɺ棬һֶһ·׷ɱѪɫǣһ·ɱЩӴľ
ҲֱԶȥɽֵҶһƬҡҷɳɳɳͣ˵ȥȴ֥ܲɺ棬˻𡢺䣬ʼ֥֯ɺͻ̡
ЩҲʼܣϲͣʩչף䶳סڴָǵص׵Ĺţصױ㱬죬棬صһ𶯣Զ
һƬѪζ˲ٵħޣЩħޣսѪɫǣͷһһȻһƬħӡ
ϣ۾淢ʲô£ضô󣿡һ֮붨ȥˣȻû룬һڵĽأһڵӣҲ̤룬˵Ȼ͸ˡ
ӣڼֲ֮صĳϣٴλָһƬһļž֥ɺʤСɵϵļͷϿСַ˱仯ѯССϢ˵ЩѪǺкôٴν
õϢҲͲС֥ɺص޴ڣǰ濪·Щ֥ɺտʼ뿪׵ĻǲӦϻרΪӪ׵ĻڣѪǣûһ㲻Ӧĸоӡ
֥ɺǰ·ֹޣϷɵģܵģޣ׷ױܵԶԶģżϲ֪Ǳħޣ֥ɺһӵϣֱɸʬȫóٳ֣ˣнٶҲӿ˲١
ʱ䣬϶Ѿһ棬һƬ˿⣡
Ŀĵڽתţϲ֪ʱһͷ֪һҪȥܽûйϵΨһֵĵط֥ɺ浱ǰ·ȷɳȥĴ̽Ѱ·
Ϲӣһ죬ǰ̽·֥ɺ棬һСĿУСת֪֮ǰһ£µ׺쳣
ŴϢϴϲӿٶǰȥǰϸоΧˣȻ̶ֳȵ䣬ڳϺô
±ߣֻ½ǸɽΡȻߴ縫˴֮侹ɽϣȻգһƬڡ
ϴݲ֮ϣ۾ʯе϶죬һֳһֳֹŽ»ȥ֥ɺȻȷ棬ϸһ֮ʱͻȻֻ񣬻̷ɣֽ
ϳһȥǹֻ޴ĳ򣬾޳֮ϣںڷذһ㣻չ裬ܣǷ֮⣬ֻצӣ
ֻ񿴵ҵĳϣһ壬Ϯδýǰпŭ裬ɰʯɣɵɳʯꡢмȺ裬ͷشţֻ޴һȣɫâնâն±ϣһķ϶൱ǿɶ֥ɺͳ˵á
֥ɺ𣬱Ǽ̣ȥ
ʼ֥ɺ沫ɵ֥ɺգۼ㶨ֻʣµֻʹ˽ţֱײ´
һײ֮£ûͷƤѪëɢʧˡ
ֱ죬ʧȥʱִֻ˴ɽԭǰݴһڵڣխСֻǴ϶з룬ԭײ£ǻس
֥ɺ棬ݴȥڣһӶкХȳ˱ǣŻЩ޹˹ȥ֮ȥ
һƬڰҫ𣬽⣬ڰ͹ƽϸǳһⲻһѨһ۵ҲӰ
ף
ϴɻ󣬼ǰͨԱÿ£ϿһƬƣԼüƬдһ̶Х£
Ƭ̣Х¡ѽڶߣſƬƣȻֻɫ飬ɲֻ㣬㣻ٲ㣬ٲ㡣
ҿΣǴֹÿһֻһСڴƵĴڣǺɫ֮УɺһƬֲ
ûˣɴˣȥģͨͨδͨͷȥţҴǺΣգ
ţȴð˺ɫļ֮Щȫ˻ķɶ꣬һͱɻһһѣһѶɻң
Ȼ£ǰȫǿֲ֮ѪڣȳζϲӴ𣬾ֱǰȥǴȻͬʱҲʮֵע⡣
˰չ򣬸ڳĴԽԽ٣һŵƣҲһСţʱǰ˸
Ǵһ붴϶ϰγŽתԪ϶ˢˢˢһͨĶڣһ̤ȥЩȴη壬룬ɢӴȥ
ƹʯڣһĴʯУʯ鴹ʯȮıɫʯ⣬յù½룬Ͽ⣬Դ˴
˵һƬӦ˸о¶ȲŶԣƫƫǹ֮󣬸ظŨڶߴһ㣬ɭ⡣
ǰ߳ǧףһԣڻˮϣƮźɫ˿ңɫ˿һ䶯
ûԴͷˮӺδصײɣЩɫ˿ңʲô
ţԪɫ˿ҰŸڿУŽһƺɫ˿ңͻ¶һóҲһ


448 ͯӣ
һεľȣȳϸս֮ʱĶˣ⣬ҧǣҪٱ
ֻǺɫ˿ұ˿¶ģһˣ
˵һͯӣӣһ񣬻͸źӤ㣬۵һ
֮У¶ڣʯ˿ͯӡ
һĻһĻܲóľ
ڳϳԾ֮ʱۣͯסϣϿ۾ȻʧͯӵĿѾתͯĿתʧǰ㣬ǺɫȥͯһֱƮڳǰ档
ˣ
˺ˮ䣬Щˮϰðһ̣̹ԭĵطһӶ
Щˮž綾
ǣϵȴûгֱ綾ɵ龰Ҳûгˮףͯ۾¶֮ɫüͷ𣬺չųǰȥ
ƺԼվһľżƯڿеͯȥˮϵ⼸ֻɫ˿ңҲϸΧ
Լףɫˮ治ƽһ󷭹ƺණˮתͯӽ鷭ˮ룬ƴаϣ¶аЦݡ
һվźˮ㷭øˣֻˮΰӣȥߣųϵ壬˳沿֮ϣֶҧꡣ
ͯЦа񣬿ʱţͯӵЦݽӲ̶ֱ˱һƬ
ԭЩɫˮΣæ˰죬ûһֻϵȥ
ˮ嶯ͨë룬ǿֻҪëףܹýȥǣ㽫ëҲһˣϣרȥë׵ģƺδš
ɳϣȴȫޣǡǡȫëףë׷գɫˮȻţزܣΧųתԼаʱ֮ڷָϵıĿ
ͯĿתٶȸ죬˳£һƺɫŸǰָͯһɫˮɫţһȣ
ֻǺɫͻػ˹ͷĵطſѪڣһǰһ󣬳ҧ£ԭţһβԴĺɫߴ˺ں
תۼ䣬һڣѾϵĴӶ˽ȥٺݺҧ¡
һҧûг屻ҧأѪĽĻ棬ǺǼųҧˡ
ͯ۾
ֽһҧ£һظ˸ղŵľ
С
ŭںˮҷһͷҧסұۣһͷҧסۣȻ˺ҪϷʬ
ɺ˴죬ѪֱҲûκεóϰ֡
Ĺˣ綾֮ˮˮҲ겻ѪͷԲ壬ǿǣľ־ȴô
ͯ߶һ䣬ֵǾһΣܰΣĻͽ͵ǰ
⣬ͯӽ˰һʨ滢ħǰ
ͯƮʨ滢޶ߣ˵˼䣬ʨ滢һֺȫ¸¡죬ʶΣȫݷؼͣƤѣβǷӳϺȻɫë촽˲Ϊİ꣬Ѹٱ䳤Ƭ̼һߡɶ೤Ȼ
ֻﰺŭ𣬻УͷҪʯһ˫ɫ۾׹ⱬ޿ŴһߣɭȻ޳ݣ񳤳ͷϣҲ̵Ǹ೤İβֱڿУݺڵϣβɨ֮䣬죬ѿ̶Χʯ飬Ӧ飬ѳмضɽҡ
о𣬳Уʨ滢޾צݺȥӦĵһߣ޺ͯ¶ʧ֮ɫ
޳βϾʮ£ÿһ£һӣҵòͷˣβ;ųϵ嵽ߣĥĥݣһҧ£ɽӽ⵽֮󣬾Ҳҧȥͷϵĵȫ˳ϣûУצ˺δ
ʨ滢ѵмȻ³³Ļ𣬲ǲֻɫƷ׸ߣһСʱϻǺúõġ
𡭡
ŭХҪĴȥͯӳֹ
ʱͯЦݣųˮȥߵһд⼸ֻɫ˿Ҳдʱ˽ȥϿͯӽ󣬱ɡ
飡
֪˶೤ʱ䣬ϵڵϣҳӣͯЩɫ˿ҶڿС
һſߣſ֮ڣ봦һˣƣ׷Ұݴϼήľ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
һȥ˶Ϊһˡ
ʱ⼸ֻɫ˿Լ˿ͬͯӣ֮ǰͯһģһһͯӣͯӹڵء
ˣ
ϻ˿ҶǸͯӣһ˽յ˫ۣ۾һſڱľֱ֮ϱ׵ڣͯɪɪѣǵֵס䡣
Ϊ£ڴʱţ
ˣһˣʮǿ綾֮ˮãϢˮҲãͷͬˣʨҲû֮Σ³˵˻Ǻúõġ

˵۾ͻؾ͵ضڳϣͯӼ˵ľ־ܱö˺ãԲŴˣ
ǿ壿
յЦڹſ𵴲ѣЦУͷֱֱǰȥϵӾڿУϿ¿ҿʮת˺ð죬˵ָ¸𣬡ܲҪģã񰮣Ȼ壬͵ǰ
ӱˣð֣ڳϣ̾ѣ壬ٸʱ䣬ұɹͽΪ½һˣʲôǰֻϣСϹ
ЦУ˺ظоԣһϵĶͷȥһֱľżĳϣ˵
Ȼǳ䲻͵Ϯ˷Ӧ˰ģ˵ʵʵڿɲһƣȴҪȳеһִ
һУ϶ͷѣòĽ֣Σʱ֣ϵȴ˱仯ɲǼͱ˵ڱ׵µħӵס

˼ףһֲһͣһ֮У˵ڣѪһڣȴûǰ𣬶Ǽ¡
ӼԴƣӡȴʵӡ˳ؿڡ
ҲǴһѪſ߶ײȥ
һȣˣ㾹Ȼûԣ㲻ǡ˻ûк꣬Ŀ䵽ϽڿеѪ桭


449 д⣿
ϴʱݣʦħǸȻݣĿնϢֱ͸˿ݹ壡
ǰľżֱ֣ȻľżΪ֮
ʼͯĿ⣬һסϣϵȷе㱻˻ǰо⧲֮£ʧȥ־ΪͯӵĿܡ
ֻϲͯǰ㣬ǿ־׾ͱơ
׼ȷ˵ǿĲ壬ǿ־
Ͼֻǰ뿪׼Ҵ壬̷ſʼǿ־һ㣬ǳϴ̥һ̣Ϊӽˮ𣬾Ϳʼˣҹҹʱ޿̲ٴ
˵ܱǿǿ־Ĺͣ˼㲻ݵ־ϲܴˮȣʹԵ˹ͦ
ǳΪӵ¶Ҳ־޹ϵ
бǳġҲ־Щ棬Ŵٽá
˾ǿ־ͻȻ˿ͯӣԾ֮ȻϮʧɲ֮־ָѣһƬȻȴûͯӳ֣ϵͯӵĿľż
ΪϲϤطַ֣˴ݾߣע⣬ã罫ƾͼƣöԷΪóѣõĵط
Һãϵٶ֣㹻ǿȻһʹ⽫ƾͼƣƻûʹ˵ˣ
ϵļƻõԲĳɹ
ʱ򣬸ͻȻһȻ˵Ĺʵ̫䷢ֱ֣óʦģ˳ԾС͵Ϯɹˡ
˱ھڳϵݣȴֱϽѪֻ˺Ѫɫ촽΢΢һţҪڵصѪȴ˵ȥ
Ѫ˶Ǹһ˫˰촽ʱúޱȣӤ촽ۣŮ촽нޣһƬ԰ɫ֮Уƫƫôһ޽죬ӵĿֲ
զզֻ࣬ޱ̰Ŀ⣬öⶫ̫ˣѪҸоһĲ̺һӴƺ˾ٰ֮㣬ֻǣЩѪôᴢأĪʲô
ƾѪ³ô࣬иȣ˵ﲿλǸѪѵղһ̣ûκӰ죿
ôһڽصģȳϻشͷԼشԸıݣ봳ȷ£ͨͨ֡
û˵ֻĴָϵİָסͷĿ⣬˿ָһԪָ
üͷħӲɣ
ǰ֮£Ŀ죬ǻǻծģ֮𣬽Ҫٱ䣬۾Į޹⡣
Ŀ˸һ£ʵ˽ϢΪĳϺһ˵ΪˣħӣôһΪǰȴһֻϵʸûУ
ǲϣһˡ
ϾӰ˵ֿ˵Ŀ˸һΣϲʦһʦûκϢֻǽʦòһλĪǿߣ⣬ʦڰ
Ȼϥ죬Ǽ٣ҶҪ壬ȾѪҹɣͷ۰׷ڿצϷ˹Ǹϸ˿׷һֻĸоǰˣĽ죬ǵΪ㣬ǲʮ˫ҲӲһ
ûжȻڵأ˭˵ҪӣĿģҪֽɱɢ
ƾ㣿һضˣɱʦЦɷӣ
ûз˼ԣһ仰õϢһûڶǣǰͷݲͣ
ǰϲ²͸ͷΪʱȴҿ϶ͷǱʻҪߵĴڣӦۣ
ǣлʣʳ֣һǺʣһαǰõʳ𣬳Ȼնнϸ߽Ҳһƴʣֻ֪֮⣬Ӷܵ
ȻʾˣӦòܲɣ
ղӡؿڵһƣģҲܽԼһΪʲô˸о߹ǶѣЩλ֮⣬أ
ĪǣͷС⣿
һʣڳԺһѾȡؽӭЩƵĳȥȻҷն似ؽ棬Щ׷նһն
ֻǣϸͷȻһҲûбնϣľͷͷֶΣ֪
ϲ֪ھȵͬʱͷ۾ҲųԾĽ䱸ԾΪϵеؽгϵ似Ȼ³ŹһУ˵ǻҲһܳһУ似ܲǵؽףйŹ֣ҲƷףǰ͵ϮҵǼоڵѪͬһζħйأŹ֡
ڽ䱸ͷ䱸ȻǱħӣ
۾һݣͷ׷ȫǵضȥſ·˰׷磬Щ׷ʳٰ㣬ϵĳߣϵϲȥҪסϵ˫˫ţҪסϵĲӣҪ̶סϵӡ
ң׷ķ˿Ҽ⣬ⱬ裬Ԫȣڹſ߾ʯϣѣɽڳϣûб̳һ󶴣ȴȻ̵һһΪ͸룬𵴣
׷ɣǷԽԽԽԽܼ
ȥˣȻͷ
վȻûбĵƣЩҪؼʱ̣ҷնڶʽԽԪؽնһк
ʱһƬâ֮У˽ɫâ磬ٸͷڽƷΧ֮ڡ
˲նؽһظһأ߳һ
Ԫ죡
䣡
Ǳֵٸ׷ʱըһСһСϣʧȥӿƮ䡣
ɶ񣡡ͷһȣŭͷҪٱ
ںţͣʹԪؽնһһġֺȳٸٸͷɻңɳ
״˸ŭˡ
Ȼն˵İ׷ˣûһɣһſڣİ׷նļٸͷȫԺԲƣ
ˣҪɺɫ˿״ͷͻȫջأ콿һƲ֮Щɢͷͻ۳һɡ
һӣϳȥ
һֻ޴ëʣؿڵȥ
һ


450 ǲ
˸ȻǻԪָķȦ
˿ȦжȻЩηľ·𿴵ǸӰս·׶ͦӰǹͷɵëʵĹ
Ȼٴ

󣬾ñȳںˮβԴľҪ
һɺƵƣſ
óһֺãֱҪϢ֮У
ɲ伴
ԪָķȦڡëʡ֮ʱˮ沨ư㣬γһȦ
ţȻ飡
ľ޴ëʡµ㣬Ȼڳϵؿϣ
ڹȦʧһǣϻԪȻǷţɫâĿΪŨ
䣡
ȻŽƣ̲ɡëʡ̺ŵɫâײһ𣬾Ȼɫâرϵڣǹ͵͸룡
ֻǰһڣ͵سɳһѪѪȻûڵ£Ǳһţһ͸˶Ǹ֮ڣ˺ĵط˲١
ëʡڿУһȦһε£
ղһֱóϢӿ¼־ؽӭԪؽϵķ֮£أ
˿ʹǰͬ似ûʲô仯¶һļУħӣһУһǬأأôʹðҪóǬСУôķۣ϶ͱһŻҽˣ
ⷬζʮ㡣
ʵͷѾΪϲħӣƫƫгΪħӣǾΪҪԼˬˣǰʦɽ׷ɱħӣħӺĻˣȻҲûлᣬħӱ˳
ԣͷ㽫ϵħӣԱǰ֮
ԣͷ׼һٽɱҪŪҪŰɱ
Ȼϵ壬ͷٻԳϵ壬νƵϴǧˣ
ȻѪĳϣҲ¶ЦЦЦݡ
似似
ǣεԪؽն֮ǽԪ
ǻԪ
˽
ԪھɽƷ׾ѾսδѾٴν׵ıԵ
Ԫھۻ߽̬ļ֮
ߺȻײȻ
ӭâ˲նأдȣ
ȻУ⡢⡢ڹⱬ裬ըʹùſоʯɽͷġëʡҲըҲȥֻûըɢ
ͯӣڹſλϣһֹâľɫˮɫнɫɫлɫֹâǡǽľˮ
ûȥעͯӵ龰ֻоԸεµġëʡ
ͷԼԤϳΪŭŭˣëʡĴСһ̻δɢȥ˻ҴܣëʡϮٶȿݵ£ûȳٴնؽ㵽ϵؿڣ
һ㣬ϸоǰѾλֱһ𣬺бǻУѪζߺ׹һѪѾӿ˳ϵʶҲʼЩģ
ҪһΪ֮ʱϿͷ촽΢΢ſȻҪѪ
ҵѪûŶ
ʹƴһʣʱԼѪųǧģб뻹Ҫٱķ㣬ϣҪʹ࣬жʹࡣ
ɣϻǽѪ˻ȥ־ҲΪʹ˲٣
Ȼ󣬶ŹͷһЦ
ͷŭУúһѪĽ°Ҳָ֪һγԤϣѪû罦æջϲһȻŭˣ
ҪѪϷ̶̣٣ͷ߷߲ƽغţëʡٵ㣬ȴǳˡӡϳ
˭ֻҪϷѪضһ٣㣬һ򣡡ʦħӵݣȻҪԳơϷ򡱣ұֵÿ
ϷϷ㣬ҲǸһСӣҪħӣħӵıһ˿ڣ𣿻иҲгһ˿ڣʦµģ𣿼Ȼ˵ǣϷûУ
ӡͻһӣţͷ䣬ӡ
һһ䣬ӡǺˣ籬ſܣ쳾ɳ׷¡
ӡֱɨϸ
Բڳ־ܡУ
Խ
Ԫؽն
Ԫػն
ѵأʽ
絶ʮ
ҷնڶʽ
նԪɱ
ն

ӡӰϸֱǧߵٲ㣬Ĵ似಻ʹ˳նЩӡϣֵסһ֡ӡʣµڻԪָķȦͳϵǿ£ɱȻóһһѪӿҪ³ѪÿһζóϸӲ̻ȥ
ǲ
ĹӦòǹͷĴУȻЩʽֿܵģ⣬ͬèץסһȰ湻ˣٳȥ˸ſʱͯӴ˹ͷͷУǷŭĪǡ
ͷҲڲţڳЩ似Ĺڳʹ˽նɵġննɵġնô᣿ңʽնԪնʤһлйѧģնɵġնҪն⣬ʹѵǽնɵӣ
Ȼش似綴磬δͣЪ
ͷľС
Ϊͷųϻһʽһʽջᣬ򹥣Ტûй似ǱϢʼͻнͻ˸߽ͻ˳нִ߽ﶥĴԲ磬ʽһ֮
ȻͷȻûнֹı仯ùͷһֲĸо˺üҲû˵аٱ䡷ԣŻᾪˡ
ȣҲֻһͷȻ˵ţ֪ʹ˺طǿԼΪܲħӣ㣬ʸǰһֻˣ
˵֮󣬹ͷûûֻͷս
ӡһλ
վڱӰ֮УֻݷǱ׵ѣĿξһ㣬ҪУһغΧ𣬷Сɳƿݺ裬˷ƵıӰŭ䣬֮ǰǡëʡĹ֮ƣ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱ
ɳϵһƬѿ𣺡֪ҽֻǶأ


451 ɶˣô
֪ҽֻǶأ
һùͷһ㶣һƬ˵ġӡҲһͣ
һͣͷعЦʧ񣬳û͵Ϯ𣿡
ϲ㣬ˡվ֮£ûлţǶȤϧûн
ͷü䣬ƣȴƿС㵹Ǳʸҿһ
˵䣬ͱ䣿Ϊ˭ϽүүҵǿԿǿǣ˵Ϊͷ¶ɱɱʵʰ㣬˵뼤ŭң
ȳϻش𣬹ͷֵǺãԸɹŭңͳҵŭɣͷĳ׷ŭһһĲƣȫǶ
ҲȼţڱӰֻ֮ܶӰ޴ڣ޽УռȫǱӰϿؽҲˣȻЦŻصȻϷԸϷҲһԸӦ֪ϷԭжرгͬرǰٱڣҪ۾ˣ
˵꣬аٱռ磬ΪϢӳɢ
̶нʡ
нʹɡ
ףܱʣĪħӣѵ˵֮ǰֻҵĳΪĹϢسɳ𣿡
ͷֲ죬ٴԾȻϣôһ˿˿ţ
ͬʱӰЩɢҡ
ʱ֣ͻȻɾƣһץסǰɫģıӡ
ץҡ
㣡ϽؽڿУֶֻץˡӡϣȻֽı飬תЦݣ˵ͷһ£Ϸܱܲ۰

ߣٴһ㣬Ϸ᲻أ
˵꣬ؿЦЦڹſ֮еسֱϢЦ˲١
ܣ
ϷٱɴԲʸ㿴һ°
ڳϲڶЦУɢԲʵϢͷͻȻħӵ󣬵ڶζݣĪǣĪǣҵĲ²ģǡ
ͷȥȵħӣôʶң
һֻ϶ѣбҪ֪𣿿Ц
ɶ񣡡ͷŭֲͬ죬书棬ʦ뼸Ϲ֮⣬Ķ֣˵½ԿԺߣǣڣΪĹҪ֮ʱȴһ䣬Ҫŭ𣬳ȴĻֻ߳ǿɶһֻϣϷס֣ʲôʸ˵ɶ񲻿ɶ񣿡
ħӣһ
㻹ǰǰ޴㵹ǿԲ²¿Ϊʲôڻûɱأ˵Ǻȴ˵һ˲֪Ǻ滰
ͷȥһ£Ȼ죬ȵʦǰ𣿡
ͷĻóһ⣬û뵽һħʦţ̫ˣȻôһλǿߣҲ˷磬ȻЩʱȴЦ棬˳˵Ǵֲ¶ˣҪַĻǸڵĵ壬ҪķѲܴȥֺαأ
ʲô㻹֪壿ͷ󾪳塱⼸֣Ժ໭棬ǿɫȴͣذңһСײˣε֪ϢǴģ
Ժһ˿ʣҲûг׷ʣͷԥɫ뵽ζǷۣҲ߶ʮһЦ˵Ϸ򲻽֪壬֪Ļöأһ壬첨塢塢ľ塢Ʒ塢켫壬ɵһд壬д𣿡
ϵĻ£ͷ飬Ѿáݡˣ֪ϢħҲ֪
ɶˣ
ﲻһ˵ǳȴϣΣܵõһڵϢԺԸǾ͸ס
ţûе˵ţǰϲ֪Ϸ򻹲֪Ҳ̫СϷˣǿɶ񣬸ô򣡡
˵ʹ򣬳ɽץסһͷȴճȭת˲ںϵ£ȭͷ˶̺ųʮͷ£
⣬ͷֱſӤ۵ģȴ˵죬ǡ
ϼͷʧˣһʱûΪʲôȭͷȻ£ȭͷͷһԶʱͻ뵽ˡǬתҲżΪϸҪһ˵ǿ壬ζĪǣɶˣ
ͷ֮󣬵ʱѹ׷øͬʱƣٴӭϵȭͷ
ȭӣ¡
һȭɺҲҪСԵͷ͸˵ˣңͷԾ֮࣬˷ᣬǱѾŮ˰㽿޵촽һβ԰ϵƤ⣬Ƿ׷䣬ư˵Ƥ뿪һ
Ƽɭɭ׹ǣҲѵĲƣ
ǣͷķλȴû˳һϥ֮һ㰼ҲûУܵĴأȴͬʱһ£ŵ㰫磡
ȻҲˣɺʱɺֻܱؽܣϳԪ֮⣬Ҳûʲô
ǰĹͷȴɺһλΪǿߣϺڵѪɿȥøˣڵѹԽԽƺһ֮󣬾ͻᷢײһıըըó
ˣϿͷҲ֮һһ׷׷ϱ㴫һֹס˳Ϻ˵ƣһ˻
ЮţʮȭͷٴϮ
ͷ۾ⲻóϿǰ׷ͻسԪһΪɫľԪһΪˮԪˮԪ󣬡ӡøϵľκˣ
ֽקǡӡؽڳϱϣϣ
ҪץͷץΣ
ͷͷٱôִȴǱϸӳϵУȥ˿գִȥҲ֪⣬Ȼû㣬ͷ䣬һȦһȦ
ˣϵҲǰ׷
ͷһǲţħӣͷ˼άЩ죬ǰΪɱϾɱһֻӬ򵥣϶ϷǵҪħӣʱЩʱȴֲųħˡ
ϣûٻشͷĻȴǽֻ̺ʮȭͷɿץ˳׷ϣȣؽն


452 ľ괺
ؽն
ϸȳؽԼɿնֱն򱻳ϱֱ˵ĳ׷
飡
һײؽڿգ׷˿δ
ն
ؽХն£ٴαɣɳȻڲͣؽն£ؽȻͣرɡ
ʹնһǧΣһΣĽ֣
𣿡
ͷ˵ǲųͷͻر˷ޱȵ˿ߣһʹգһҪǶϵҪնϣ
ȴʹеҪͷϥ֮ﻹȣؽնһΣ
ؽХն£֮ǰնʱûʲôɾڽӴ׷һɲǣؽȴɫâɫɫһɫǰɫ
ɫǻ𣬷֮
ǰڣþۻ󣬾ۼЩ֮𣬽Ԫעؽ֮ڣնԻͷؽɽ䱸֮󣬲¶צ
֮𣡡ͷǱýͷͻؽնȥնˮһ㣬͵նǴؽ뿪֮ͷָֻԭģ
۾ôţǺطﾪţȴҪûͷԭλΪԽſߣͷ㶨ûƶֺǰǴһȭͷɱܿûбܣѡӲ
УΪֹ˹ͷǹϢóľ֮⣬ֵ⼸У˹֮⣬һ֣ûּ֮ǿӲĸо
Ϊʲô
ϲ²⣬ͷؼʱ̣ʵܵĳƣͱĳ⽴ˣĻſôã
ԣȽͷϿԣǣγþ˾ţ֮ͷ˸ľҲȻ̩ɽ
ȳٴ¡ֻŲصף׼ʱͷȴٴθˮĸоϡˡ
ָоǡˮҪߣ˭ץסأ
֮Уȴǡˮץȥһץûץסͷģץһץȴɫ棬ɽ㣬緢ȥ
ͷǱĵ飬ڿɫһɲǣתΪţƽʱɫûãʱ̣ȴǺģͷϽҪͷջأˮաȥٸͷߡ
ǣɫٶȥ䣬ɫ׹ˡˮǡˮס١Ѹˮӣ˲Ͷͷ
ͷ۾ֳԥ֮ɫҪϡȴֺ᲻ãգۼ䣬ͷ˾˧
Ȼеɫ棬Ѿ״תڡˮδ֮ʱѾס˹ͷֱۣɢȫ
ͷһ
۾ŶԳޱȳ޶ܻ棡
ͷ˱񣬳ȴûаָϲ֮ɫܸоԾܲԾǰͷһ׾ͱ׶ס
Ī˵˲ǰһĻǳԼҲš
ͯӣؿǰĴսرճϽһͯӣڲţ֪˴鷳鷳С
أǹɲԾתΣյĸоΣճ̶ȣ̼Ũ
ͫ׺䣬ΪǱڣͷַŭĿ⣬ƽȻֱϲãſϲ
⾪ĶǵһĻϲٵȣؽؽҫתɫ֮о޴նȥʱͯڶˣһڳǰ˫۾ͬʱϡ
϶ͯзһУȣϷţĿ⣬ɻȥͯӲûס־ѪҺ
ͯӾһۣӱ˴˵۾￴һʣ˵׾ʲôǿ󣡡
ţͯͬʱ΢΢ףдÿͷϸðһֹâȴ֪ΪʲôâʧͯҲصܡ
ϲͯӵĺ«ʲôҩؽȴݺ˱֮ϣ
һ֮£顱һϱȥؽҲѳ˳ϵ֣Ǽһͻɢ
Ҫһ֮ʱʹɷ֣һɢܵʹ࣬ɱӣͺñԾǧɸ߿յȻûԪҪڴϣûԪͨƽһǧɸ߿£ʲô֣
𣬱ˤһ⽴֮⣬
ǳڻ𺣵ײٴǿһɢѾɢȥ˳ϵ
̱ڵأﺬŵѪƵش˳ϵ۾ֱ㶵ضǹͷֻصı񣬲ûѿڻˣڻ˹ͷڣЩ¶׹ǣҲˮһ㡭
⡭
Ƭ̼䣬ͷϵıˣǳ׷ɢߣͷЦţԳ˵Ϸ֪㾿˭Ϸ֪϶ħӣϷ֪ҵĶˣ
ˣ
ǸǣǣϷġľ֪ʱܡ괺أ
ľ괺
ǲǾøղźϷƴսʱϷһʶ磬㣬ղŵϷ򣬸ղŵʵ״̬µʮ֮һûзӳ
ˣʹ˾Уȴ˼ʮ֮һв۷״ֽ̬һڣ
һᣬҪϷղŵĹؼʱ̣ڿľ״̬֮ʱϷնɱķͷȫǹħӣܵУͷЦϣֻϧ̫ˣýǿ״̬ӳɱ״̬ϷϷ˵϶磬ˣ
ѪûȥûڣأϾûŻһ˳ƾһΪʹɱķֻڵˮԪصԪ޸壬Ȼʱ֮ǾҪˣ
ֻҪţһоͻϣ
ͷȻ֪룬ΪˣЦӿ㣬Ϸڱסһ˲˶򣬻Ϊһһ֮һԽľ֮磡
ϻδţӳſߣ֮ǰǴдģòĳֻ󷨣Ҷ֪֮٣ǸǺã
ģΪ˺úñˣϷһ۷״̬µǿһΪУͷ۾һգֵ⣬ϲħӣҲԸú͵ħһңˣ
ϱޱȣȴ߶Ƚ䱸ÿһϸԺҲ˰춼û뵽֮˽ۣǾ֮
ͷˬطйһ֮󣬻һУͯӱͷǰһˣ
ʱˣ
ͷ˵һ䣬ץסϽͯӵĲӣŭңҵĴ£߻ħأ

ͯӽˡһ˵ͷ죬ͻر˺üȻͯӵԴҧȥ
һĻ˼άʱֹͣ


453 âѪ
ͷץͯӣһҧȥ۵ͯͱͷͯӣͷһѪҧ֨֨ﲻͣʣ෭ǴƤһ㲻ʣ븹С
Ǽظ֫
ֻ˲һӣͷͽͯӣ˸ɸɾһѪûд©
ϲڹͷѪȣڳ˸ͯӺ󣬹ͷı仯
ֻҪ绯ʬĹͷϿʼʵѪ⣬סɭɭ׹ǣѪ⣬ͯϵۣһ޶ȴǸһ˴ϢƣҲԼʮģ
Ƿ괺⵽ʲôа죬ȻѪ⡭ȻҲ˼ԪǰͷֱС׼ף֮
ʣĸͯӣڵأµزš
ͷ̧ͷһ¶ܵĳһЦ˵ţһˣҲģϷɲһ㣬ôǿһǽʣ̶ȵغϷϣӳϷȻ᲻ûٵϷҪԵģ˼룬ľ־ʶȻռ壬ԺƬ½Ҳû㣬ֻϷƾϷ񹦣ǿӣϷδԹǡ
˵ͷ̧ͷǿ˹ſߣ֮Ĳ񷣬૵ơ顪顪ա˵꣬ͷֹؿЦһУһͷˮɫâͯӣ㱻ͷץſѪڣꡱҧ¡
Źͷ̵ڶͯӵѪ⣬ͷſɲ֮ԽԽᣬһͷ׷Ҳڼ仯ϵѪ⣬Ӻʵ
ͷҪռ壬д󺧣Ѫȵ˻棬ţĹڼӣͯǡнľˮͷղ˵ʣĪһӵһԣ
ϲԼ뷨־˹ֹݣֻͯӣô¶ʣõ˴𰸡
ֻͷ߾׽ҧ˵ǲǸоУǲǺ֪һеô¶
ԾĿӡ
ǹͷû˵ˣǹͷһħݵǰҫҫǹͷȫĲˣôҲӲ
ͷҧһ֫壬Եõ˵ɱСͯӣÿһͯӵ󣬶žŰپʮŸճϼѵӤ
⣬ϵһ
ǻԪľںڲУȡǿƥӣܰٶֺ֣⣻ǻﲻҵҪ󣬻ҪʮꣻǣڣʲôˣȫվϷһߣϷ񹦴ɣ㹦û
ħͷк˶޹顭
Ц㲻ħ𣿵ɱˣ˵磬ʵǸϷǿԣϷ˵ħħͷ˵ţѾ̾˵ڶͯӣѾʮҵӣѪ͸ŽˮԪâ
ڴ˰£һ˴ڳϵλã˵־ܣҲǾʧ롢·񱼣Ȼȴ÷ͷ񹦣ħɣأҲӲͷġ
ӣǿ϶Ҫӵġ
ǣ֮ǰҪƻͷħҪ̵ô
νĻȡˣ
һѪƴϵĵƣʣ޼һУһ֥ɺ棬һ
¶һǵѡҲУͷ̫߳࣬Ҳû˼ҵģ˼Ҹû¡
ˣʣµģֻ֥ɺˡ
ڹͷɫεͯץȥ֮ʱϽ⿪޴
ֻ֥ɺ棬ʱǵأһ۶ĿĹâ貵ͷ׵Ĵٲڿбǣķޱȵļ̣ͯӴȥ
СǴͷץͯӣ
ͷɫʧ䣬û뵽ϻкУû뵽֥ɺٶ֮죬֮࣬⧲֮£ȻķӦ൱죬һͷҪסͯӣ֥ɺ֮⡣
ǣѾֻ֥ɺֱͯϣ켴Ƿӵϡ
ͷŭ񹦣ϷҪǻɢ켴ָɽѪɫȻն£ͷȻ൱ڻ𺣵ײҪѾҪСڵ֮ܽһֻ֥ɺɵС
ͷѪɫһնʱкüʮֻ֥ɺ汻ն룬ڵء
㹦ͷһ£Ȼܲ⣬Ͼʮֻֻ˵ʵ̫ˣٵԺԲơ
ǣ㿴Ϸ
ͷͷطɢ˷ٴλˮһεġˮȴѪɫѪɫڹſԹͷΪӣЩ֥ɺ棬һѪɫΧͬǧ֧Ѫն׷ѳмĩ
ϵ𾪣Ѿױȵĵز
ΪǰһƬѪɫˮˮɱ۳ɵѪȽâ
âѪ
ʲô似ף⻹似𣿡
﷢ˣһСѪ֥ɺ浹ɻ
һУֻת˲֮䡣
ȻôһɲǵĹͯӣٲӤģȫƤͷͬľ

ͷĵŭһʧûϵ֥ɺѪٶȣ쵽˲˼ĵزŭųϣһѽǰѾΪƤǰͯ壬ҧţ˵ϷѪˣϷ񹦲ܴɣҪۣҪٱǧĴۡ
ŹͷŭѪеĽâѾӿһͷͷϹޣϡ
϶ڹͷв˿ϣֻ֥ɺ棬һһأѪûһϢ书򣬾ʧһֻڵѪһֻ
ʱ廳ĵʱ̣˵ӣ͵Ծһȭݺſʯڣţҿ
ʮ£ſҡڱҳôһӣǰ棬ȻһƬ
Ȼ·ͨ
ӣ䵽Ϸ㻹ӵõ
ͷѾͯһ˸Уɫ仯ȴ̫ȻЩѾСһ֥ɺˡ
֥ɺ沢ûлص޴УڳһǽٴһһȭȻУâѪԽԽ
ĪֻдĵطܳȥһЦݸС
ʣµֻ֥ɺ棬ӵųϣϷȥ
ͷ״ɫһ䣬𣺡Ϸ˵ϷģӲ˵ģ
ʱѪӿһͷ
ͷתۼǵذ㽫û·
֮۾ųս⣬˫ȭա
ѪҺҵطţ


454 
ſ֮УâХɱȻ
˫ȭգһХùſ߲ս嶥㣬ƾ㣬ɱ𣿡
ӿ֮⡢ǿ֮ĩҲƣ֪ͷһɿ񱩵Ϣ
Ϊβ񣿡˫ȭУȼףҪʶΪβҪռҸĸΪβҪĨɱҵĴڣҸĸˡֵҲңΪβΪβ񣡡
Ц𣿡
нâѪҲл𺣣ɫϲкǸͷɱһ𣬷ӿϣҶ
ӵǧѪɫâͷɱ£һףڳϵĺУ֮ͣѪɫâʱסͷ˿գҲ䲻£׻󣬰
׻ͣӳ˫ӿϲ֮ƣâѪбס֮ƣſڵ֮ҲҪס
ͷ״ȴһ㶼ţǳЦѪǧܶþ˵ֶס𣿡
£ͷһְڽâѪУǱסͷ֨֨Ĵ̶ҪƱɱ
ԪҲڹͷʱֻƾǿŴӲµĺ֣롰ľ괺δɵĹͷһ
ˣҲо˫۱۹ǾʹۣѪƱſڵĽâѪ÷ѣȻЩмܲס֮ƣϻƴţƴ
ԣϽԼضƴ
ƣ
ͷһ߳ͷƱԭȵǧȻΪһɾ޴Ѫɫâ֮ڵʱƾѪ˺ΣЮŨѪζң

Ͼŭһ˫֮⣬ܺ罭Ӿ̣Ȼס޴Ѫɫâɫ紺ȺŭţѤʷ׳ʣء˱ը
ȻѪɫâûбס
ȴҲûƻɱ£
ɫѪɫâڿ⣬ʱâѹ´粽ʱɫ潫âˣ˵Ȼǳռ·硣
ͷֳ۾âѵ˵ԪҵԪ𣿾Ȼʩչ˶ĺ˲ħӣħʲôϵͷ죬Ҳ֪һŻ֣֪һƬ𺣣ȫ֮һգ
ͷǲĿǰĽ״̬âѪΧ£ſڵĿѾնûҲȫԪȻӿ״ӳÿһë״ӿѪâгŭ衣
ſڣΪμ磬һΪѪ죬һΪѪ죬𺣷ϯâԾУҲ켴ס
ͷüͷЩѾԤϣ
֪ȥܵȻһΪʵڹͷ˵̫ȫӺ׵ΪǳҲǿΪѾʹĵƣǰĽâѪֻǹͷһУ˼ҵĵƻһδأ
ɳѪûֹͣڣһֻ֣ȭͷɫâۣȻһȭɫУʱǧȻ𣬼ڿգ뽣âѪ֮Уʱγ˽ͳһľ޴ƣ
ͷһۣЦС
£ͷſһâѪҲ״תź׾ͱʳһСһСţ̶
˼壬ҪˣЩҲҵģЩʵ̫ίˣû˴˻һֻССϣôӵֻϷϷô˻£֮ΪϷ򡭡
壿֣ͷ˵ֻ㻹ϷǲųһУҪûеĻǾ͹ԹɣҸʹ죬ʹ
ϺʾҵûС֣սҲ
ߣйֻĹô˵طͷϷ˵ûȡʲô֮Ķֻ˵㲻һԲӦúǿˣ԰ɣ
ͷųͷһ£ǱģһԲʣΧôʮףǿЦ
⻰󾪣仰ζţͷ̽øȴ
ô¶֮仹໥̽飿
ڳϾȣ˼УͻȻоʹʮ׷ΧڵǱâնϡãն÷飡
Ժ䡱һͬγײĵʮɫϣӿҲʹÿһ
ʹȫͬڳκһʹϸоԴҪըҲƲסףҲӿףڽ״̬Ѫ𺣣Ʊƣ𺣱Ƶòˣ޵ֿ֮ڳʹ˫ֱͷʱϽâѪעӿӿһɢ
ţѪذΧâ¶֥ɺҲסС֮£Ҳòϸ㱣
ЩĻϷ壬ҲϷˣͷ⸱ǱģЦ޲ߵӣԽй֪ɣ

ȻӵȴǸͲ֪ܹΨһĸоʹ
ͷѾվ˽âѪУÿһЩѪɫâԶڣߵʮԶʱƬâѪ±ͷ޷
𣿡
ϱͷŭӹͷٺʹȫʹͬѪڣֻ⣬ŤţӣҲס


˫Ѫ죬ǿסʹڵٶУתˮԪҲѾٵĺԾɺڵˮԪ˳Уתÿһλ
˺˵ˮԪ޸Ǳն֧ʶȴˮԪܹ޸ģ
ףͷƺ˳ϵ״һ˵ø翹ˣеһУͽ޹ѣȻ㲻֪ʲôҾͽһ㣡
󣬹ͷһָȫ˻вѵ֥ɺ棬һָǰָͷǰЩ֥ɺƲסرһɴɢߣȴûκ
֮㣬ΪͷѾ֥ɺ濴ĶȻնɱˣ
ҪΪħӣҪϵ˿ҲҪһģһڣ͸һ˿ڣһۣģϷúܱġͷı̬
ֱӣͷ絹ȻһѪȴǴжأƼصָϮûлţЦˣЦУ˵𣿡
ƾӣϷкβң
㻹Ҫ壿


455 
㻹Ҫ壿
ͷ㶣һʱû׳ʲô˼ȻҪ壬ѵһϷӵ壬㽫޵С
ǺǡЦֻҪҶһëҾͷǣ
Ŷԭôһ˼ͷȻ켴ֹЦϷǰ㻹ܷǵˣǳ룡
ԱȹͷؿЦ
ͷܲˬЦʲô
ԱܿƵˣŭĿһӣʱëǼʹݷǧٿȻ룬ȴżЦ˵Ҫһ£
㵹ϷһͷžԵģֻ£϶
һҧԪľˮȫ֮У࿿
һεĿͬԽʱһʱֻУڣȴٶпײʹԲ˵
Ҫǣ֮УԣˮȴҲˮ˻ֻҪ˵ײȻײ̶ը
ţǣһȫٶУ֮ͬڵǸУһըը
ͷʼ⣬ΪΪϵѾ֧飬Ԫϵңİѹ֮£ϸ͵һ˿һԪ֮£Ա
ɹͷ뷨Ϣ֮󣬱ˣΪͷо˳ϴԪ
ףСӼȻܵԪôܣͷֲ⣬һ˿֮Уͷ˿ɲˣͲȱ񹦣͸ǲˡ
ڣ㻹ô𣿡ϵĹѾžش죬׵ѪҲѷ죬ʹȫΣȫȻûС֮⣬ȻͦΣӢԾɲҪĴۡ
ųϵ֮ͷһߣ
һߣֱӴһ㣬ͬʱͷָ£Ҫѹ
ŹͷָĲ£ϸоǰһڣľʹ˺ľʹһ𣬳ɱӣ⣬ݷεľ޴˿ã˲ɺףˮѹȵ͸ԪȻƤƺһ㣬
гԼʮ͵ľȻʼɿݡŤһɸ룬žͬʱ塢Ƥ⣬ÿһѪϸȥ̳ϸСİɫݣ˲ѣ¶Ѫ⣬һϸСȴľսѷ죬鲼ȥ
ϸоڣʱĸ֮ʹʱ֮ʹʱһɾ޴ѹ֮ܺʹʱƻ֮ʹʱϢݻ֮ʹһһȭ»ҷĻ֮ʹ
ɾʹ֣ԳΪսײҰŰЩУԽԽ໥ų֮ʹ໥֮ʹص
ͷ⣬üЩԾı֣ԾԸģЩһ۾һݣȻָ£
ͷָƶǾ޴ԽԽϣã飬ںʲôӲؼһ㣡
ϵĸоûдѾðɫâͷţһԪƷײϷԪڿɲ鷳ˡ
ָѹ΢磡
ϣѾ鲼ϸСѷ죬ˤĴһ㣬ȥʮֵĿɲ
ǹԪҲ˳ɫâɫңӦƫƫμ
ԪҲ벻СӵмͣͬʱԪԪƷ׶ߣĻԪǰɫķ֮ɣϢٻ𣬹ˣ㹻ˣͷϲԽָѾѹ¶֮һ
һ˲䣬ϵĻԪҲڳϵģȴİɫ棬Ǻɫģɫļ֮
ô˼֮أͷʵģ𣬲ЩʧղǷ֮ȴ
ͷ˼⣬ǲ֪ͷųɫķ֮Ϊڲһۻ󣬶ʹüʵĳϣûȥۻȻͲ֮ᷢ
ðɣ֮ҲˡͷҰοһ䣬ָδճȭüͷ壬Ԫѹ˳ΪʲôڵϢңȴ͸һӴ֣֡
ͷſ֮ǱҲѵĿҲ˷ϼͷȫ·죬ȻŲλѪҪ磬ȴĪʻȥ
ſ֮ڲðϣڹͷһƬɻ֮Уٴαһɫ֣֮ɫâ໥ӣȴַ

ͷɫ֮һľԪСӲʣʣľԣȻԡ
ȵĺУ˿ϲĴ󺰣ãܺãǳã֮壬壬ֲϷ񹦲ܴɵʧˣ
ϲ֮󣬹ͷָԲֲܲ£
֣Ϊʲôѵ˵ͷԺĳһ춯صͷĪԣԣ֮壿Ǵ˵е֮壿
ͷĿ⣬áȡȡȡݣԲʵ֮һ
֮壡֮壡֮壡ͷһһţϷռ֮壬񹦲ܴɣܴﵽǰδĸ߶ȣ֪ôһ֮͵ǰϷòŻĹͯˣ
һͷˮԪһˮԪˮԪҳҳ
ڿУſ֮ڵͻŨʵʰ㣬ϣƾſߣôŨ·ɽ
ϴʱܣܲܣ˵ִ֮ʹУѿҪϱڱԵЩ໥ųУڹͷǿмѹ֮£ײһȻûгǰ㷢ըȴ˾ҵᣬײɱԽңʹң𱾿˽ʱȻǻʤ˽ʱȴǽԪն÷顭
˭˭ӮӮһű˵У
ǱУںһ壡
ƽµںϣԾôһں֮ʹ
ϼͷֶΣŭ֮£Ǹʹеͷм͸ֻ֣ƴһѣ
ͷָԼ仺ٶȲ£ڴ𣬡ˮԪҳҳ


456 
ˣĳˣ֮壬֮尡
ͷųϻŵʹâϲͣһһظţ֮壬˵е֮壬ȻĴڣѵ˵Ǹ˵ģ½ԭǡ
ûнǸ˵ȥͷֽעڳϣųϵ壬ѼĴأЦϷĶ˰
㲻Ӧÿͷڵأл𣿡ҧ˵ڵԪӣͿƲˣȻ໥ײУԽԽСȴԽԽÿײһΣ֮ǰеʮײ
лùл㣡ͷ˵ţ°ȥ
ʱϸоѹϣѹļ֮ϣҪϥѹ䣬ѹùڵϡ
Ϸ£
һѪȴѪȻЦ룬ض㣿
𣿡
ͷһ磬ǹɾݺڳϣǿѪҲ̲ȥӲײ˫ȣѾ֮У
ǣϥǣȻֱֱͦ
ǣΡ룡
ͷûȥ³ѪĿģѾѪҪռӣֻҪϵռݣҪپж٣
ǣͷüͷǳ
Ϊû԰£ָһֲȫ£
ȻܾܳʹڵأҲڵأУ壬֮壬ڣ̺ʲôǿͷ꣬ǳתЦݣԽǿԽãϷԽϷռӣо
Ǿܱȸղʮʹ࣡
ӡ㡭ɣ˵ŲĿȴţԪͬʱѹ߾ȫеԪɢֳɴԪ֣ǻˮˮ
ÿ׳һ֣ڶҪһβɣޱ䣡
ϵĻͷŭƣѹ£һɱǰӴʮĿֱֱֲ֮ײ£ʱꡱľ죬Ȼֻʣ²λȫݽ֮У
ͷꡱ죬ɫһ䣬ϽƸ𣬳ȥ˵ˣ㲻ϷҲǿˡ˵꣬Ц֮Ǵ˵еĴڣϷҪһѹ壬Ϸȥһ֮壿ϷҪ
ȳϷѾǧѪԪɢʱԪ룬ȴһУһС
У᲻Ӱ쵽أţȴѾûѡ񣬲ûУҪȥȥƴ
ǱԪռݵУܿԪУԪп
Сӣ֮壬ȴ֪ã֮ϣ˷ʲô˷ѣ˷֮ǹԹԵóϷ壬һṦΰҵǧͷָģм϶࣬ȭͷҪϡ
ڣǻУһ㣬ߵͷҧסߵβͻرԪ壻ûǿԪ룬ֻǽҧƴԪȥҧסԪβͣ

ף
ͷٴγԾԸоſ֮ڣ֮еԪڷӿȥһУģСԾͷҲûлţֻһЦطɣ
˵ţֳƣһնǷӿڵԪϽһ֮ʱȻֹסڽŲţѹųϵԪ䲻ԱͬʱҪųϵݻ١
һĹ򣬳ϲԪҧס˽ԪβͣýԪҲҧסˮԪβͣˮԪľԪ
֮ڣһ㣬ҫԪ֮⣬ڵڳڵʹâҲֱԪ֮ڣңڵ룬֮⣬ˮԪкףˮԪԭǺڣȴ໥ںţҲںϵг̡
ˮˮľˮľԪҲ͹࣡
ͷüС֣ΪԼˮľԣˮľԪųж֪оһɰӿ
ƣ˸նն˳ˮԪľԪ
СӣԹó壬ϷһԸͷȻ˵仰ȴΪҪܹݣһϣʰЩĿģȻΪ˵õһ֮塣
һԸϽݷＷ˳ľԪԪڳϵĿ֮£໥
ͷʳϲ¶ɫ֪ԼעҲ֪ԷҲڽʱ䣬ںּҪճȭҪһڣź֪֪˵ռӣĨȥʶίߵ˵һԸ
Ҫ𣿡
ͷüĿŭȭͷ£϶ֻŭΪЦº˵
ҪһΣ
Ϻ仰ľԪԪҲںһˣԪβνӣ𣬽ˮˮľľ𣬻
лһֳѭϢ
мǸУҲɢƽ֮̿ϣ֮䣬ĳϵ
ͬʱ֮ڣɫ֮⣬ҲгһԲȦˮԪףҲΪһ壬Ϊһɫ͸ɫ价Ƶӣ
һγɣͺɫ֮תƵʣת
֮ڵĴڣڵУУֻȫԪ
һУɲǼͬʱɾ͡
ɾ֮ʱϱоڵԪӿرˮԪ֮ͣԪҲͬ
ϺԵظоȻһ
Ԫ༤紺תӻϱߣ֮ȡѹȵȸоʧһգȡ֮泩
ңԪ֮ʱ
ڷ쳣ͬʱͷնǣȭͷǽһ𣬿ϧûнǹѹɫȻˣ
ûлش
ߣҲܷϷǰȻ֮Ϸ֪Ѷ˰ɣͷţ˫֮䣬һźɫƬԣΣצ״
֪ΪҪˣƫƫҪ֪ѲˣƫƫҪˮۣƫƫҪ桪졪Ϊ
ǳȻսŭХУӣѾӴһζ
֣


457 ֮Ϣ
צХ裬Ŵ֮Уʵʻ׹⣬ɱ
Ʈɽն߱Ϣ߽ûľҲɱͬջķûĺ׽𻢡ǻ󤡢㱩ӥǧ׻꣡
еһУֲǰͷԣ
ԷʻѪһ㡣
ϴӴرֳٿγһ֮Ѥ⵶裡
ʱ¡ֱ졣
ɱúԲˣǺɫƬҲɱƬƬ䡣
ͷʵľ֮壬ùȻһëͷСӣΪǰͣȻܽǧĺɱˣҪǻϷϷ޵𣿡
ţ˵ƶѣ㻹ܱĴﵽȥ˵ţһĺԴԵӣֱʮɳ
ȥ
ͷ£ֿХţֱϿ쭳ȥ
Цϳֱӭϣ㻹ֻԣҸ㣬ʲô

һ֣ڹſﲻϻص֮Уǰۣ֮ϵǸδùһװǷ׷䣬¶ıĿ
Ϭ㣬ϳһѪЩѪϼ״¼ڣؿɲͨѪǾѪ
屻̥ǹҲˣĳһ̶ֳ˵ϵѪѪҪȻʦҪȻΡͷһϵѪΪȣ
ȻѪȲϣ⼸ھѪȴϢ
Ѫ󣬿ɳȴϧΪ뼱ȥǡǡĿ
ͷԼǿҲ֮ܳΪǿͷƽƽ룬϶˼ѻᣬΪǿߣѣǱһʤ
ʤҪϵǻۣ
ǲ׽
ˣѪԥ˳ȥ׵ЩѪɫ
ۣ֮ϷǳҪһλ֮伹֮ꣻ֮ſڣϳһ֮ˣǼھѪ
ϣϣȻϢ
ϣ
ȻܵܵϾУ
Ͼڣ
ԣѪȻǲ֮ԶԻ˶꣬ǧꡢֻ꣬Ҫûл;ͬնħ޵磬ȼɭϣ
ȥĺԣȻظоǹϢʮɳӣӲס׹ȥ¶šη塭

ͷҲʧɫؾһɫҰףȴ˷ܵ˵ĲҰף
ϳˣ˵ǲ²⵽ˣµۣ󺰵϶ϷˣѪΪʲôˣֲãֲãԭѪӦû̷ҪȻ岻ǿΪֲá
ֻǣƾ㣬ô̷أ˵ǰһǰ㶼Եһʣ˰ɣĪħɱ㣿
ͷҲ²ţͷת˼ҲǲȷҲͲȥ룬˵ôõģϷģϷģһжϷģ㣬ʹʧɡ
ϸûȥ˵ʲôźη󣬳Ǽ䣬ȥһǹ⣬֮͵˺Եǰһгѣ˺ѣ
⺷ش˺Ե
۾ǶˣǶħ˵ǴĲλ
۾ܻʹѣʱװſߣǳǺҰڶ
Ͻǰ˫Ҳ죬޴ըһ㣻ɳϸûһ»һ£ֽͽ´̣ƻ֮ʱѾճȭԵһֻȥ
ȭͷ֮Ȼһʮȭͷֱײĥ̰۾ôһƬѪ
ѪѪɻһֱΪֻһǧ׻ѣȴû룬Ѫ⣬ɻɻ󣬳ϰֳɶûУһͷѪ
ʱϻͷС
һ֮£С˳ϵ˼Žʣ֥ɺ棬ɭɭȻ
۵ͬʱϵȭΪצץסۣ
Ա֮Ϣ֮ѹʹѾúԵȫʲô֮Ϣһ࣬ſѪڣҧȥҪڸڡ
ץۣͻطԾնǸƮȻڿм裬ȳԾͷſ֣Ȼס˺ԵĲӣһͷ˳סͷ
гϾѪҷնڶʽһ֮£ͷðϰٸѪԵԴ˶ޱȣϰٸѪҲܲס
ͬʱֻ֥ɺҲںϣظһ㣬
Ӵ˿̣һϢѡ
ͷԾȻϳס߳ŭԣǵ֮ףԳĲмתΪ壬תΪɵ壬Ϊ֮壬Ӳسɴ󻼣
ͷԽԽԽԽǿңһʱ䣬ܷõġ֮塱ûǰҪˣɱ˳ϣȡʬ壬˵ܻЩѾ˲ôˡ
£ͷٲɣԾնиһУ˵СӣȵϷʹδùĺУҲԺˣ֪֮ϣʲôķ𣿡
һݣ˵֪϶ףѺУҪ
Ȼ壬ǰѹŽҲ˲ˣǹŽܱȺи
Ȼܣ
ķӺζƳǽʲôƷ׵ʦƣƷʮƷǳʮƷţоһϢ֣
ûзųʲô۶ĿĹ⻪ƿûУôϢأ˳ϣ
Ϸ޿ɷȴƾֱԱһƣ֮ػ
飡
ײϣײóϵͷнץסûеڵأڿУͷƬۣһۣѵۣ֮֮۹ȻǿƷʥƲֻϧֻۣ֮һƬ
֮۵סУԺŵҪ˵أȻ߼һʹ̹ǣȴǺߴ룬߹֮䣬ը
죬Ϸһ̣ͷ̶


458 
죬Ϸһ̣
ͷЦ˵仰ָһҪУٴ̣
ǣͷˮľԪâʢǺȴûԸɸڿУͷۿȥǣϾȻһѪ֣֮ץס˺У

̧ͷŹͷЦţЦùͷһľȴƲ˵ƾôһ㹦򣬾סУ̫Сʥˣ
ܻǲܣǲҪԹ֪𣿡
ųϵĻ֮УɫâΪһ壬зתвŶʮתƵУȫһ£
ȻɺǲþֶΣҲסУɳϵƣȻһƬѪģ쳣ˣ
ԣ˫Ŀֻ֥ɺ棬ѪԱ׼ĴײϵĳϣҲȥʱڿգʱײڵء
ͷ۾ȼյķٿϵӣֿʼ飬ЩۣΪ罫ϵӿģԽ࣬ȱݾԽ࣬ʵЩᡣ
ϵֱƵò
סУȼֹʶѣ
ͷĻֱӣһνˤ˵ϣȫĵע˺еϣһײʵóǰһڣֻʹ鼸úַȥ˫Ҳɿ
ͷ״ЦСӣأϷҲһ̣켴Ѫɱâ䣬Ѹгϵ磬Ѫ衣
ꡱ죬ɱâһһƮ裬Ѫ䣬ϵıȵȽˣѪңʹǣͷλãλͷر֤֮塱бǣͷҽϱƵ̫̫֮ǰ΢סԱ֮󣬹ͷûаܿסϾ˵е֮壬ֵزҲ֪ġ
ңͷҲ˳ϵķ辢Ͷ·֮ʱ϶Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
һԱɹ֮壬ͷɾᣬĻں޵ɻˣ
ԣͷй˼ɣϣȴ˼ɣ˵ǰ޽ɣϵȻҪ޽ˣЦҪռӣĨɱĴڣ˼ʲôʲôù˼ɣ
Ԫ·ȡ֮֮ߣǲóԪˣΪһԪȫγһ֣ת·ǧ裻ȹͷѪɱȴѾô׾ƿ֣
ͷסһʤȣȻ֮壬кһȻͬ죬ɶСӻϷͯӣϷ񹦹ܴɣһʵ˵۷״̬ƽʱһʵҲϲϣȻۣǳۣƿС֮ãͷԽԽŭˣǣֻҪһжֵˣ֮岻˵Сӵĺñ治٣ӵô౦öԪָСӺôʹԪָħӵʲôϵأϷռ֮ļ֮󣬾׵ˡ
ԺţͷҲûָֹͣɵѪ⽻âݺᣬûȥѪʢҫ˸ۣﻹ˵Сӣϲ͸Ϸһ񣡴ĺ񣡡
ħͷиܵ𣿡ϱ£ƴȥ쳣ΣգԾɶ־սδɢһ㣬ԽԽŨ
ħͷϷúھۣòΪħģħӰɣͷԭкھھǰѪâȻһͷ­ͷ­ϸоЩ죬ȴ˵Ϊħòһܲѡ񰡣費ħӽձ㻯Ϊħħһɣ
һɣֱЦ
˵ɣȫȴ䱸ھȻҪͽ
䣡
ھ˫۷ʮѪ⣬˷ȭŭٺȻںΪһǸͷ­ûΣȴһѪͷ
ŭɳ壡
ͷ
ֻ֣ͷںھˮľԪ֮£㽻ӿɲ֮ʮϣ׾Ѫ죬Ѫɫ˫ǽѪը裬Ѫ޿ڣѪɫɭȻͷ¡ѹ䡣
ͬʱֽ
գͷײȻûҧסԴϵؿڣȴһֱϻ߹ǴѣѪǿ²ѡ
ˣȻץסУȥϿпѪҲȫ֮ϣת
ϷҪܶΣھɫЩףһսҲ۵òУʵн˵ҪǷŲֽţ
ͷҧҪ룬ȴһ⣬Ӵָｫڵȡ˳ڵԴں֥ɺҺΣ˯֮󣬳Ͼûд
ڽڵȡֱһﻹʲôڵѾʵ
ҲȥΪʲôֱ仯ֱ仯ζʲôֻ˵СڣĿӦҲǱȽӲģǾίˣ
˵ţֱӽڵͷ
䣡䣡䣡
ʱը죬ȴǺڵͷÿһһը죬ըͷѾֻʣ֮ˣ֮һͷײûˡ
ۣ
ھ̲סѪĳ嶯СӸľȣʵ̫ˣħӵףǿ޴֮ɫ𣬴ԲΪ֮壬ʵۣ֮һ۵Բ򣬽ȴ֮Ҫײ£Ŵͷƾȫˡ
ʵʲôھҲûƵó񹦴ɣͷɫձɺɫɫ
ϧǲˡ
ͷɢ֯ڵȥͷûȥ
һԾڣٱɳһһȦͷûײ£һٳԴ
ڵ״ͻײüӲˮڵײȥھֻһһ
⵽ʲô
ھ⣬˻ش𣬳ִӿ£һأȴ䡣
ǣſ˴ڣ
ǸͷҲҧ
ڵûгܸϰ
ҧӣô۸ڽţ׼һźݺݲ£ҪҧһԴԹ
ۿҪ£Ժȴͻһƣ۶ʱŹ⣬ź˵ҧҾҧ


459 ſ
˫ѪѪŭֱҧȥҪҧϡãҧ飬ҧѪ
ͬʱھסڵָһͷҲҧøѪȡ
ϱƴػնԣͷȴͻ뵽һƣԺֳ︡ɽѪ븹еĻ档
Ǻ¶һЦȺҧϣֱ׹֮סǱУŰ㣬Դ죬ǿʳܻ룬丹С
ʯңŨ̱ǵѪζȭͷСѪУ˿˿ƺƹӰĴڣھ޸н
Ƭ״֮Уһһһµڣںޱȡ
һ븹УЩѪ⡢״ʳܵȵȣȫȳճҺǳȫҪʳ㣬ɺԵһ֡
ȻճҺȴԳϺôŵճҺǹɸʴζԵĸʴ̶ȣѪ֮ǧô˵õϡ
Щ˿˿ƵĴڣס˳ϣϳһնǧ˿ϡ
սѹĥϣΪȭȭͷɫâһһȭȭͷѪڣûʲô޴ӳ֣Ҳûʲôѷž졣
ֻǵϵɿ֮ʱУԤ׵أѪ꣬м裬Ѫ裬񽦡
һĻʱѳϿƵĺУҲһ£켴ңȥĽţҲźеķٳ䲻ȥϼ⣬仯Ȼʹĥ
ˣڳһҪӿѪʱֻţվȥ͵زѪ֮Уһɾ޴ʱӴӵÿһ䡭
뷭ųһһս̤£ȴڲˣڳնǧ˿֮ʱԾͷİǰ֮֮⣬ֱúھһ׺ԵʲôҲһͣҲһ֮£ڵֱײͷ
ھ״ϽȴǲС벽ųȭڣֲ̤ͣر񺿣ſص⣬Ӵӣ޷ڣֻܿٷУҪԴʹȴС
㣬ھɫһƬڰҲ뵽˺ΪʲôģǸСӵ֮壬ǿʵǰδУѪӣȴǶԸ˺ĶûΣգȫޱȣɼģ˺Ϸڵ״
Ϊϵĵң䵽ǱǵĵزھбŭɣлϣΪӦǿƲסУߣϷķҲֱǻˡ
ںԸеĳϣɫԽ˼أһеһжţʵڵģʲô׻ĴڣҲʲôԪûƾھʵշԵпܣɺھͷų֮ʱĻĻҾһжأ
һʱҲ𰸣ҲûȥĿǰ˵Ҫľſߣ
Ҳһ˵ޡߵǰһп뽫̷ȴ˿ɺΪһȭȥԵĿȻֹ
ʧôһ룬űȫڱܵײײײŹſ߶ڣſ߱ײҡβѣһһӳ֣ȴȻûײһͨ·
ھסԣȴѾƲˣڵֳûһײͷͷȥһ룬ֻʣ²ȱȫͷȻʮ㣬Ȼ
һȭһȭͦнĴϣټôҲ˦Ѳ˿Ѫ֥ɺ棬Գײøˡ
ͻأһڵϣʯĴ쭣ţԾһֱߣǹſ߸߿ײȥ
ײ֮أǳϵĵط
䣡
𣬺ԲûƿǱƺҲ֪ﲻԾٴԾײȥȫȾѪƬϣ˺ɫâ
ھЩ⣬ЩǣɺڵҲײͷھЩ֮УﲻͣţӳȥԲܣ֮塭
ϻţɫٶȷӿ죬ʵһ⣬ȡ䵤ѪҺסԣúھɱÿÿ뵽ھЩֶΣв֮еķһһε
ԣûѡ
һ˲䣬ٴμϮϡ
䣡
һײը֮ǴƱײ٣ʹʹ֮£Ҫܵؿһȴ͵سںԵǰ棬סĳ·ͬʱϻдҪϡ
ԸĳϣоԵ״ʱŲµʲô£һЦնɫǴȥ봢ָ֮У̶ѹƺԪһпѵصʽƿ˺ԵıӣѪؼС
û˿ԥأʩչҷն似նһ
ͬһ˲䣬ڵҲײͷǷϣǸ
ǺԣնȥҪĲλΪ֮Զ˾صԲϵЩ˿ߣޱȵسһתԾͷ˳˿ߣܲ˵سײȥ
ƣתֱ£ھ۴󾪣δɣ֮ѣʧɾʹˣ˵⣬пΪ½в
ߣܡھ˫Ѫ죬ȴȽԺԵĹһǺԵǿһΪۣǱĹ
ھ˫ָǰͷӺֱֱײϣϣͷóƬ̣ʰԣȥɱϣռ壬з
ϸûеͷӦͷֻټԪָķȦҷնڵײͬʱײ
ʱơ
ϺͺڵһԾҪȥʱͷײ˷ȦȦɲʱˮһײʵڳϺϡ
ۣ
³һѪ󱳴ͷײһѪӣԾòܣǽɴԸٶȳ˳ȥ
ͷ׷ϣڵת򣬻ڳͷһ㶣ȴηϢй¶źھһȣͷײ
Ϸװ㣬֮֮ڣͷ㾹ȻϷȥھǱشţһԵԴ
飡
ԵԴֱӱ˸飬ͷĺԣǳӣȻײ˺ھ
ϳȥȴǺգ֮С
һ޴С


460 
лǳϵһУǴӱдϾ£ϣҪƿУصǸ֮Уѳ̶ȣΣճ̶ȣȫͬն
ʱھͷĺײſǽϣݽȥʮףͷûˣܶɢˣӴҲȥֹͣ˼ƽȻϵ֥ɺ棬ڳ֮ʱٶ뿪޴档
ھķŭ֪ͬʱǵǳ֮ûˣˮľҫ
һƶ£ͷԵӣɲǼ䣬һһѳɷĩһӰӱڶＱɳڴȥ
ϸճ嵽ǼеײƾͱֹˣǱֹת֮ͣؽƣϺòײŴӹſôٴſ¶
ԣƴ֮кڵ֮ȴҲպܹס
ңͷں󣬷Ϯкھ
Ҫǣ֮֮ںһʱڣ޾ܾ취жǳϾԱˡ
ɰ취ȴ˵оУһ͵ġ
ͷڵӣȱͷƺڵźڵ֮˥ߣóû룻ھָϵڿп״̬ϵĽ̬֮ʧȡ֮ǣϲãޱȵؿϲЦϷˣˮӿв󷨣ԪĴ󷨱㲻ֹͣԪ಻Զһʧƾ֣ӵʮҲֻͽͶѣǰ׷ĻѣΪƾ㣬һΡɽ𣿿ЦԹԵϷʹ
ھϲ˵ţڴЩ߽ϵĶ־ھҪ֪һ·ʲôͻ뷨ǶôؿЦҲԲͼʩСƾܽϣ϶ƴ֮ػ٣ҲҪȻ֣ϸ¡
ϧھ֪
ϵԺÿһϸҲڼеתһ㣬Ҫӣֻ߻һ;úھõĿģռӡ
ʲôأ
һŵƣչʾˣȥѹסС
ڵҲ֪ûȫѣ˿ҲڵֵͷҪͷײһ£֮ϯȥ
ȻʲôȵȣƺҲﲻæ
ǿԵ
ţϻûԵʲôԪ˵ѭʱȱԪ
ָĺ񣬱Щͨϣɲó
ȥЩǻֵĺɫơ
ֱûǱʲôϣȻϺܻɺɫƵϾõĵһɫƣڵһģںڵĲѾ¶ˣǺɫӦҲǲ֮ǡ
˼ڤתһ֮󣬳ϵעٴη֮ϣûӦϴ򿪽취֮ţٵţУУҲУܳΪеһ֣˵ܽлΪã֮ܽú׽жסʱ䲻Ҫֻ࣬ҪһϢҾӳˡ
뷨óҵһ˿ϸ¿£ҪԣǾ͵ȽиӵҪȻȥԣذɣȻ뽫иߣǸͷ۵ڣȴԼƹصʱ򡭡
оѹԽԽǿʱ򣬳ϲԥ̧֣㽫ֱ֮Уʱһɴֱ۴ʮͬʱȺͬʱնͬʱԾ۰㣬ȫÿһǿӣס麮Ѫ𵴳⣡
ǿҧסͣظԼžô඼ˣô࿲ˣ죬أˣǰУҪܹػؼҼͱ붷УҪȫʵһŵͱ붷УҪζܿͱ붷С
ľ֮Уɿ֣˳õĺУϽɶȥһ䣬ֱټһУںн֮󣬾Ȼͣôһɲǡ
ᣬӣٴγУڵǣ
һ֮ٴη
ھûͷ׷ֻüͷ壬ȴŲ̵Ц⣻üͷ壬ǲֻһЩ飬ʣµģȻǵĳǾе壬᲻и̫أǲ̵Ц⣬ȻڳЦŵĳϵĲ·
ھҪģǵȣųгԿˣųϱкѹ£ȻһʱгϣطĨʶӡ
һ֮Уоѹ֣ޱȵѹ֣ϵѹ֣˼롢־ϵѹ֣ѹѪֱ֮࣬ӣɫƣ̬ԽԽء
ɳս⣬ȴǸ߿
ǱУͼת£˫չֻſֱָݺݵһץˮεģָץˮӦʲôҲץŲŶԡ
ȻɫһȷȷʵʵץסӲĴڣһ϶ţֻƱУѸٱӣһȦһȦ
ھ۾⣬Сӣ־һļǿ£ҪƴֻϧҵˮУܶסˣŻ𺣣ҲǣСӵĻ𺣣ôγɵģȻֵܵסѪɱ֮򡣡
ǧߣ
ƴеʮҲûУȫתʮ໥֮ȫûһϵ˿ȴƺЩͬɳûע⵽
ûǧߣиֹǧߣ
Ŷһ߶ѣ֮һһ㴫ӱͱ˰ٱǧ򱶡
ͬǺһ³򣬾ؼ֮ȴһХ
дϵ£ɴСԽС̺Խ󣬶ϴ˿λãײС֮˾ŰЩסĺںˮֱӱˣתˮ
ƾ˺նסнⶳ
ҪǺڵţѾȥˡ
ң棬̺ĶأҲǷͬСɣǳϰٶ֣Ȼϻɢ޷ŴĶҩ֮⣬ͱˣ
ϳԱеһ֣ҲǲܣҪȡ֮ɣƴб̫Сˣر˦¡
ƣѾΣ
ȻŹϡ
ǰӳȥĺУȻУһȦһȦתϲԶӣ
Уƺ֮
ǧһһ̣


461 һ췭ظ
С
֮֮£ڣɱڡ
з⣬ˮƣһ̾һһ㣬бǷݣ
ھϣɣϷͲţ֮£㻹ܹа취ӹӳϷô£Ϸ˲ٿ˲棬ҪǺɱȥǿɾ̫ˣһ취Ǹ챻ĥ
ھһ⣬ͽĻ꣬һ㣬һֻϣһֻϡ
һ뵽취ھЦݸ̣ˣ취ʵ̫ˣӵޱˣȴһϣ㻹ܲѧһ㣬ȥͬһ㣬Ҫȥס
ھ룬Ȼ֪
ҲظоǹΣϢٿ֪Юˮֵܵе֮ʱϻ̣֮
Ȼϵ۾˿ģǻɥǾ͸ȻǳŨҵĹâսɺ죡
Ҫ嵽ǰɱңúг岻ǰұ㲻ϲĹһ˿һʱŰ취ôܺеǰأܲнأ
۾죬ٻһ̣ϵ۾ǰֱǳ
źУ˳УתһȦûипĽŲһԺƺһٿתһȦһ飻ֿתȦϵ۾ͻ󵽼ޣǳգ䣡
Ҫǰ˳ˮ£˳ˮϣǺвԶﵽǰ𣿳֮⣬Ҹܹ뿪ӳ죡
ھһֱųϣϵϲɫɫһһǣСӣ˷ܣѵ˵뵽ʲô취ɣ˾£ʲô취ʹϷ˾ƣ󷨣ȫƾֶҲǲܣƾֶˣҲˣϷʲôΪʲôΪʮ׵ҲǲŽ׳ãôܹƵóأ
ھˡ
ͬϵˣҪú˳ˮϣ˳ˮ£Ǿֻһ취зתתˮУ
ˮУˮˮУ
ǵģҵ棻ǣ棡ţкʱɣֱЦҸղȴҪ˳У˳ôأ˳ǲΥ𣿡
ϿЦ˳һССУ˳ȥɣҪɱңɣӾ㿴һ췭ظ
棿ʲôô棿桭ھϵĿԣȫ֪⣬۾ųϣСӣĪǵʧķ裬˷Ӱɣ
ھ֪ǣĳ˷ӣ
Ϊ˿̵ĳϣʹﲻһΣܽаεתľ磬Ĵﵽ˾磬ҲòˣֱӾжȥˡ
ԣҪתȵһ֧㣬Ȼ֧㣬סе˳תٶȣתȥ
֧ҪͬʱٵΣգҲһһ֮粻ͣ粻䵹תȥеɱ
ȵһУ֧Ӱ٣
ѡ֧㣬Լ
Ϊ֧㣡
ˣȿ˷ĵһأǱԼڵУΪڵ˿̺ںˮתķһµģһģһġ
תںˮŻ֮գͬתУű֮ա
ϻڴЦţЦŵس֮Уŷ£Ц֮УѾû·ˣһ·Լġ
·ǻԸ壬ڣҲܸھһ⣬һѪһͷ
ģ֮أ
һƬЦУˣ뷨񣬿ȴıֻ֪ɣתĲڵУ֮С
ҪУڵС
ԪȣϣͻȻתоǹ׶Ĵ̹ǵľʹӴԪɽͻתײʹԪؽնԪػնǸ˵أǧأ
ʱ˫ʹ飬óϸо˫۵Ĵڣ
ڼš
ϵ뷨ȥڣܵˣӦûһ㡣
Ȼʱ䲻ˡ
ڲԶȥͱɱˡ
Ȼʹʹúݣɳݽҧ۾Ŀ裬һλֱԼٶתУͣת
䣡
תһɲǣϵԺ͵һը죬ͷԣǵӣҪըһ㣬ǰһƬ죬۾ôȴȻκζ
ϵӣǾҵĲұͬĲƵʣײһֱҪӣըһΪ
ǣ̹ˡ
ʹ۷ֱȻ٣ת
ʱʹֱϾ죡
תһʻ壬ͻɲסûȫͣѾǿ෴ٶȳȥײ֮Īӡ
ң⻹һУҪ޷Ŵǧ
츲أ಻ˡ
Ŵˣϵϣֱ߹ѪѪ֮࣬Ѿ󣬼ǳϲͣʣѪҲԽԽ٣ѪԴԴһ㣬Ѵﵽơ
ϵɫǰδеز԰ף
˵ǧʹ֣ȴԸ⣬ȴЦţѾתǸ֮УȴֱתһĻɾ𣬶˻
ˣƳϾֱһغˡ
Ǹ֮У˳ת֮ǰƽڵأϺӦת֮˸棬Ҳ˸е棻֮ڵУҲӦת
һתת
иǧߣɱ
ڵﲿλ֮䣬һкȻȻͦںںˮ֮䣬ͷƮҡ裬зز
У˲浽󣬻ڼУУͬƵʣ
һǿȡںԵԵ˳ſһڣһӴڳϣڱѷӣҲ
УԽԽԽԽ󡭡
ϵӣѾ˺ˮеһ㣬ۿҪȥҪдء
һȣһХ棡


462 
棡
һ֮£Ǻƴ磬ֱ뱼ڵУʹ˴ס̣ƺ񱻺˲䶳񸡿һ㣬ǰѺУҲֹסơ
мУͷף
ھһĻװףĸմӡľ״ָ̬ǿĳֹͣھס˺ҴһúھۣȴΪϣסھֱоһУģǼٵģӦλ֮С
ôģھ˵ȴ֪ϵġ桱֮裡
һʱգһֽ㣻ôǰһУЩоͽҲ⣡
Ȼϻûдﵽǰ㾳أлתϽ
⣬Ͻб
˵ϴ˿ǷھƽڵǾ֮סֹͷֹ˺ھɲ֪ھʲôھûоʹ˳֡
ֻǺھɫأ֮۽⣬ȴ͸Ųţ͸ŲмųܴӳѾǿ֮ĩɽˮˣмڳϵüȥʯͷΪ
Ͼ̫󣬲ǳһ𣬾ܸɢģ߽УϽ·磬ˮеٶԽԽ죬лָ֮ǰƣȴ֧ŵԽԽѣ
ھһĻм֮ЦŨȴҲֹСӻЩ֣ֳ״̬һЩٵ˵ȫģ˺͸ʲô죿֪ˣǻͲӦһٽȫ٣ӦȥʱʱҲš
ںھ˿˿УѾֿ˫ֳ֣ڵתֱˮУֱ¶Ѫţһȣ
棬ֵ
һһ߽Ȼ෴໥ײޱ֮󣬷£ҲֻгϸΪ
вûһֶֻС෴øڲˮеֻֻ֣ˮƲƣתϢɲ֮㽫ȫ
££ʯԪ糱˲ŭţˮеˮԪӿڣ
ɳڣȫתţһˮԪӿ˵ǰȶƽָתƽ⣬ֱоʹģ·һеͷ룬ֱĹǣʱǰһƬ磬׿޳˻𣬾޿ҧ£ʹѣҲ·צ˺÷顣
ʱϵ֮ڣǿںߵӣͻظ߸߸ǹɱҵˮԪʱԾʻȥûŷʩڸת֮С
ʱһϸΧס
ˮе˳תƣͣԽԽ˳ųڵˮԪԽ࣬Խ󣬺ˮеת˻ֹɡ
Ȼײ
һУѾúھɫһ䣬谵
ײ󣬿һתǿ֮Ҳŵת󣬵ײУȻѾ޽ӽֹͣĺˮУȻ˳ת÷ɿ죬Ͻһƴߵͣ
ҪɺǾͺˣһţЩˮȫ̽û˺ˮ󷨣γɺˮУ
ϸ뵽ͷΪɺɲǰٶ֣ôīˮӴкüʮɣҲᱻ
ȻɺҲУɳȻûзͷ֮ԴԪˮҪźˮתͬһҪ壬Ҫʩչǿ似һһе£ûǾͳԴ֮ˮʲôҲûˡ
ϾţҪˮûˣ
ʱھѾͷҪһЩ鷳ڵҲɶͷ֮ǰھûԳ֣Ŀֳַֻϵ䶷ˮУԶ䵽
ϽʹһٴѽϵĴȫ֣ϺڷƬ֮Уֱƥս
ϵֱĳһ뷨ɺ޶֮ˮãã𺣣ңΪξ̲һں֮ˮأ
뷨㹻񣬱֮ǰģҪٱ
˾Ƶı£ȴò񣬾ҲܲȤҲ
ϴǴ󣬻ҪԥǼƽϵʧֵ벻ֵ뵽ȥʧˣóϵﻰ˵ҰҪˣƴʮ꣬Ѿˣ˵ˮԪǼԪ˵ˮ
ǺںˮУвƵĳϣſ죬һӿڴϯ
֣̲ںˮеˮԪ
ſڣȴˮʵʵڵĺˮ
һһɵĺˮӿ˳ϵ˳£︹
ھо죬ȴ¶ЦݣһۿȥȻЩ欣ǳţ»쿪ˮ𣿻Ҫ֮ˮȾǿһˮӣ̵ģֻҪ˶ʱ䣬ĶӾͻᱻͱɣϷȫ׼ãʱ̳֣
ʱˮеײѾ˳ųϵУת
ɳϵĶӣѾĵø߸ߣʮ»̥˺üиӣҲȲ˳ϵĶӵ¡̶ȣһأϸоĲǾʹܣܵҪ
ھ⸱棬Цħӣ벻㻹леһģһӢɾһ֮Уһˡ
ûЦûŭûԹ۾͸ſ񵴲ִŵؽˮͣʣ֮ѹ˵ӵѷ촦ϴкˮɱϵĿٶȣȫԺԲƣϵӣһֻˮͰһֻԲҪըʱ
ǿӣˡ
޾ˮֱѹӶȥӵû˻һ㣬ˮ̽ȥֻЩˮ֮˳ˮ˳Ѫ£ڳϵ˫֮£
̹ˮӣƺĳֱ仯
ȥתһȦĺˮѾ󷨿ƣڳ˫£ʱתΪ˳ϵֿˮеһǺˮѹ֮ʱ룬ԽתԽ죬ԳϵﴦΪģһȦһȦ׳ԽԽĺˮ
ϹĹĵĶӣܿͻָԭ״ļǿԽԽĺˮ˳ϵĿУϺˮеתת壬Ҳ֮ת衣
ھ˼ؿǰһĻ֮У׳ϵʲôŹ֣ȻǲųӵóˮУǳˣס˺ڵ
ǿŲȱͷŴڣֱϣ
ͬʱھһҡڣǰѺ͵سǹϿĺˮС


463 ؽʥ
ǰкмϮҪ͸ظͷײֱҪײһӶ
ڵסͲܸṩ
ģֻԼ
ųϽкˮͷҪײϣͱȵôγɵĺˮС
һ˲䣬ͷײ˽ȥ
ȻȴҲǰֻ˳ת
ת£ھ۸оͷеתʧ
ھ۵ľԲ˵ǼԽķУϴڽ֮ʱͻر⣬ۿҪֱ롣
ڴʱϴȣã͵ˣ
Ż£ӵʹâؽͻƾ֣Ȼס˺У
ﭡˡ
𣬱⾹Ȼײûɢϵ֮УҲоؽƺˣǣˣؽ˲ᣬȴȻгɱȥ
һ߿̿ţȴɾΣؽζȻ˱Ҫߵķͷ˵ʥؽʥûпܡ
ҲףⲢ˵ζжζġûĲأؽʱ򣬼ǿʯͷдӵصױǰɫ𣬻СͿܺѪйأʼѪιпܾǸղŹԪ
Щǳܲ²⵽ģϲ֪Ĳ²ⲻǣͨؽҲһ㣬ڳɳÿһսÿһɱؽڳɳֳֻɳļ󣬳ϴͲ֪Ҳ
ûмȥֻҪؽܵסУǾͺðˣҲòŷȥӦһ˵ؽǲսɱⷽأ½أǬ
ؽвھļƻһգǰδе𾪣кּķΪһڵĵӣΪǿߣһƱ⼸꣬罫ķѹεøɸɾм취رһڻһܣбǴ֮еõ
ǣСӣôҲϸߵ͵ķڣ
Сʲôˣ
ھһζԳϵ֣˼ȤڵҪѶھϽʩѹƣнڵ˵翴ڵĲ򵥣ܽպ󶨸Īİ
ھڴЩ֮ʱϽ⿪޴ֻ֥ɺ棬һηӵϮھɱڡ
Щ֥ɺ棬֮ǰѾ˺ܴ仯رͯѪЩ֥ɺ棬еͷð⣬е⣬еǺ⡭
ھŭЩʱΪԼ׼ľ󲿷ֶЩСӸȥˣȵҴģ޻ǳӣк³
ɺھڵټ֮һսսҲķ˲پƬâѪȴҲ֣ܳھһ˫ƣǺġ
ڵֻѾ֥ɺ棬빦ĺھˡ
ڵԪԽԽޱߣ糤ӴӾк£еٶԽתԽ죬˫µˮԽԽ࣬ҲߣתٶȸΪݣˮвˡ
ͷȭͷСˣ˵һ룬ʧˣ֮С
ھŭӣҪֹϣȴʱڲ
ؽòµĺУڳϵǹ֮£¶󣬾֧֮ʱ䣬ֱ˺һûȺжסؽ߸Ծ𣬵âȻһʽѵصʽն£
оؽؽնҵ似նʱյġǳ׼ֱһǶôĲ˼飬ܿͽˣϾĴڣһ˼Ĵڡ
֮ĳϣӿϲһؽĺô֪
ͬʱּѲ˸ʵʵл˵ǰȴڲ˻ϽסĺУŽ˴ָǰؽȴһڳϺ󱳣ųת裡
˰ʱѾһ룬ٶҲԽԽ죬֮ǰٶȱţĻڵٶȾǿ񱼡
ϵӣȫ֣ϲֻǲͣؿźں֮ˮˮгƲʰ㣬ϵӣǳ׶⣬ݰ㣬ȥ
ھв֮УԽԽأâ鷢չЩˣҪٲº֣֮¾Ҫȥ
ƴ֮شҲҪ£
ھݺһ䣬˫ʲֵƣȽ·ĺڵ£֥ɺ𣬾ɱ©֮ʱڵ֥ɺ澹ȻԼͬת˺ˮ
ףƻ
ھҲһ񽣣ֱ
ڵ֥ɺûоܵʲôĥѣڵصߣԡ̫㣬֥ɺص޴
ɺھȴ˼쫷豼ӣηֱҪھ˦ȥھۣʵۣʵȻСȻʮɡ
ȻԽϳ壬ھѹԽ
֪ھһ˿ҲûУֻһʱ֮ǰǵޣ⣻ڣ㲻⣬һǵޣҲԲ˶ߣ
֧㣬׶⣬һĺˮУÿһ㣬һĺˮоȫӳ׳ӶγС
ھӿľָ壬Ѿֵס֮ҪԪ񣬻ľͼֲˣڵĺھûзŭȴЩš
ΪھоԪɢɢٶԽԽ죬ʼϸǴӱڣңԪͨѾ൱ϣֱӾܽԪȡ֮ĺھȴܴеõԪ
УھҪ˦УҲǲܣ
һУúھ÷˼۵ȻסˣһĻҪ˵ȥûڴ½㣡
ھ֪ڵĺˮУûԪȻղţˮеԪѾǿ
УԽԽ٣ǸϣԽԽ˷֮ʱӽ䱸ûȫɹ֮ʱκһСС
ţ
һը죬ڳ˳
ǰӴʨ޺βߣɣɱ
ƾֻҲɵȥ·Ҿͳȫǣ
ȳϳ֣ͷ޵۾Ѿֱˣǿ־壬Ϊϵ󣬴һƴޱȵУںˮԶӿ
һߣͷޣҫʹâһӣһƬˮУϯȥ
ͬʱֳĶѾɽɽޣʼⱼӡ
һڣȻ˽ɽ쳣
Ƭɽ֮Уһۣ۾ǽ⣬һ˫۾ýγɣ˭֪һڣ
˵ţ̤߱һӱڰ֮⣻һ̤ȥ


464 ⺷ر
ʨβһ˶ԴĶ˳ǰ
βֱϲʨ޽ݣĥáꡱ죬ֻż̵צӣ߼ץҪϵ˺ѿ
ϣûнȻֱӳ˹ȥβ߷ɵùʨһǰһץסβߴ֮ʮ쭶һ˲ɢβӵÿһʱˮһ˰㣬켴ӾȥҲڲʲô˻
ţϽβߵһӣֻβ߳УתȦ֮β߾ʧˣһۼû¡
ӳβ֮ʱͼǰʨ޵ֻħצպ˺һ䣬ʨ޵ֱֻץסʨ޶ʱͶãŭÿƴҪѳϵĿơ
һƬУֻʱųʹâų³һ֣ʨӴ׳Сɽӣ㱻м䳶룬ؿڴѿͬʱϼ£˺ʨŴʱʨ޶ڷŭ𣬿һ˲䣬Ȼֹʨͬӽлһ£˳ץסŽ˴ָ
УԽԽΪֲھﾪŲѣڳϸճʱȫ԰еģ̰ϵ֮壬ʹ˷
ȻôһԥںľȻȫȻ󷨿ƣϵϯߣʣµģֻһɺԶѵķ϶һһĴبϰ㣡
ھ˻棬𾪣ǺˮûˣֻǸԴȪҲΣˣͬʱˮϯǰлҪѳȥЩˡ
һΪֹھȻûôᷢزҪǻϷ񹦣ҪǡھʼԹȴǺް취
˴ĳϣβʨ֮󣬲ע⵽˺ںˮӿüëһϺȻ˺ںˮ֮Уʱ·񱼡
ֳôĶţֻҪǷսأǰһǺ˺һƽ˾ʲô˿϶ˡ
ܹڽģ붼Ǻͺھ۲ǿ߰ɣʱһͳԲ붵߶ûа취
ڣҪӣӳأҪӳһڣǾɵˣаٱ䣬Ȼﵽ¯ĵز
˴νһУϵĿģѾﵽˣȷ滹ϣȻûԼ棬û֣֮ȻҲףҪϵĲǺھ棬϶ˡ
һڵЩ˽⣡
ϵսͲһڣڱڴԽ֮أں⣬½
Ҫһ֮ĵطȼսһһĥһڵһڣ㲻һ̲ˣҪӳȥϾͲһڻὫеǿ׷ɱ
ֻҪһڣǾɣƾԾҪħʦݣһƾָħʦף
ǸûȻҲʦģͽһᰴʦ˵һеġѸһ£ʼȫ񱼡
Ͻ֮Ӻںˮм۶ٶ൱ݣ֮ȫֳ˹ѵĴأɺޱȣ̺ԽԽ󡭡
ĳϣֱڱһںӱܣϢܳ˺óǸʯ۶Ҳǰˡ
ͻأϻһ飬оں֮£̲һɾ޴ǿѱø貵ӣл˼еĺ뽫
һʱ䣬֪Ǻãԣһ󱦲أҪյΪ϶кôɵĵľǣһڵǿΧ˹ɲҲѷˡ
ԥֻһϢ򣬳Ͻĺô˼תһ£İ壬ˣ
פ״УںϺӣת÷ɿ죬ӵÿһë״ƥԪӿ룡
Ԫƺô࣬ϳܵʹ࣬ȴַŴ˰ٱϱѿ˿ڣһãٴαѿѪⷭΪˡ
㣬ﻹ˵㣬㣬㣡
֮ڵǿںסˮԪΪһӣҳ֮Ϊ飬ޱȵ˷ȸԾȸ֪⴦Ǻں֮ˮĵԴȪƽʱϿ϶ȥ̽һص֮һڣϧʱ䲻ˡ
֪ǣڴ֮£ȴǱж죬ֱӿϵȪظоԾȣˮôˣΪʲôϷоˮɢ֮죿֮ˮҲڲʧȥʲôԭһϢر
ʹˣȴоǹǿ
ʱſ֮Уֱ͸ɽڶ룬ɢⷽؼ䣬ھʦܣɷʲô£Ҫʦְæɣ
һݣĵĻˣϷӴ·񱼣
ʯֵһ˴ȳͨЩطʯˣֱӱ˳޴ʯңнһ·ϯ֮ʲôӲңʲôʯʯȵȣȫŪ˸Ӱ١
ھп˵ϵҲʧ˺ö࣬ȥҪ˼ʱвھڿ񺰣Ϸ۷״̬ôǱһССУҲң
˵ʵڣУСǳش󡢾޴󡭡
ûлʱ䣬ϱ㴳˳˽֮У֮еħޣ֥ɺɨ֮ززˣʱ֮ⴳ
ʹһ·һ·㱻ٸɸɾЩľҲᱻоϣϵ̫ǿĴֱӱεض𡭡
洫ĶһɽѾȫˣһϣ˲Ӱ֮ϣһӰһһɵȻü䣬ȴĮղźھʦֲδ𻰣ʲô⣬ĪĿľ괺󷨣˲ӣ߻ħˣ
ɳϷǰһӣȴתԭأϲ֪淢ʲô仯ȴ֪Ҫܲţת׼һ򣬽ȫÿһÿһ˿˿˳ʼ񱼡
Ͽգһ˵ﵽ׳ʲô£ֳ˴Ķ
᲻Ǹˣһƴŵطŭ˵ˣȻ첨ķʤ඼ʤֻһ˼˵ʦ˵Ҳûпܡ

Ҫȴ߿Уһƽȴʮ𣬡
̶߸֣͸ţҪȳ߳أʰ
ھҪ񱼵׵·Ϊȥ󷨣·Ҳ˻··ͨĲ壬壬ȫŮӵ壡


465 
Ʒϣɽˮ㣬ƮƮտ֮£ЩŰ¡¡µȵƮƮŮӣɽ֮䣬ŷ羰ˣ似ͬűԣħϡ
һж͹ȥÿһ죬ÿһһģһ
Ȼ죬ǾȻˡ
ص״¡ը죬ƷҲڲƷƯǣ͵ģڿģȫĿⶢסԴԣһȵȣȴûеǵ֮ɫǵһڣ˭һڵңֻоҲ
Ǽž֮ʱһžȵ˵Ǵӽطģط򡭡
˵Ļﻹû˵꣬оµĴأʼ⻹ħ޵ĸֺеĺ֮Уžž־ζȻ̩ŮǣʼЩ
ţǿ˳صһȺħޣħǵأӣŮǣޓȻʧɫ֮Уû˽棬˭˵ڽصĿֲħһײĽɫڣЩħ޾Ȼӽˣȫǻң·ʲôĪΣ׷ǣҪȡһ㡣
ɫħޣԴԴϵس˳ϵħޣҲܵӰ죬ʼ궯ĳطѱħ޵ӣԽԽӽڱŭħޣȫɶͷԣҪ쳣״ϻ㱨ʱϵħޣҲʼ
ƷŮӣߴȥܵģֱӱħ⽴࣬һѾôͻԤ׵ؽϡ
ʱվڸߴŮǣһ˵üͷһ֮ԻȫΪһ棡
ϣһӸħȺ֣ʹâƣȴܿӣϣ˺ۣѪж飻ر󣬻ЯŹˮ
ӣһˮ
˭ôǴӽģŮӾ뵽ǳص⣬ебȽϷ񣬱ȽлŮӣ˵ˣӢζ
㿴ܹĵطȫˣǵݣȫˣǵġŮʮַŭ˵ţĻȴҲ²Ϊ˼׷ֻħޣһȭͽɸߵħˣһħֱ˫˺ѡ
еˣһﶼһʣ˾˭ȻӵǿײħҲ˺ѡ
˵Ȼǳϣ֮κһۼڽһħޣħΪ·ӴȥĻᡣ
ħ޼̤ϺˮŰ˼ɾƷ壬һƬﻹܾŵİٻûˣܿҲûˣļܳʮɫҶҲûˡ
ѣŴ̱ǵǡѪϢ
ۿȥǲҲ̶ã
ƷǿҲˣɿ׳ۣľĻ棬ҲҴ棬ҵǰ棬ȥˣֻЩħޣܹ˲佫ɱ
ʱһ߳ȴ£˭ƷҰһƷ壬㸶ٱۣ
һһݣסݣбϿȥӰƮȻڿգӰ֮ϣһϥڿգ˴ȥ仹֮ԶʱƵأҴϴ
˵ˣһ¸ŮòȻûǰȴҲƵϾޣرǴɢ¶ΪѹˣҪݵ֮С
ɳϿһ֮󣬸ûͣ˼񱼵ø죬һӳħȺʱħ޷·˴һ㣬Ϲâ¿ܣƷϵħޣҲЩħǵһʱӻڲѵ˻С
ƷķᰣΪŭɶȣ˵꣬һУնһϽ䡭
ʱһˮͰϸĽ⣬ͬһ㣬ݺݳڳϵʹâ֮УһƺߣļըѰĸоĽŲδͣģս⣬ҲǿѹƣһʱһʱǰҪƴҪսӳ죻Ҫӣ׵׵ӣӳȥʤˣҪƴʮ
ǿߣ治һ㣬ʹâԪָǿܹңˡţҵֻǸոյֵܵסһѾ˲ˣպ󡭡
᰼⾹Ȼδóͣ£һŭסˣҿܵסٵ⣡˵ţն֣ԪΪãһһһһ͵Ľ⣬ӿ¡
죬⣬صسڳϣͬϺһ㹭ǰһԾ֮󣬼񱼡
ƷɽҰħޣŭ֮ʱĿⶢ֮䣬֮սʱƣ֮У޵ɪݡ
ƫƫָ֮ζ֮䣬һ֮ȴеɪ֮кŽսȵȣ쳹һƬ֮䡣
ȫɵǱӲѹһƵģ̶ޱȡ
ȻЩ񱼵ħޣȴٶȣͣо£һơ
ҲӰ죬ЩƲסף˼ȥ򣬺ԤϣǺͷףؿڣŭХ
ԭƺȴʮУͻشһɸΪңܿصħޣҲЩѹͬʱٴʹѪֶΣؽնħޣѪζŨԱħײУȫɿƵĻᣬҪٵö࡭
Ǻԣڱȫ֮˺ھ۶ҹ
һңҡ
ᰡʤ֮䣬ͷλǿߣڿ쳤ʱףͬʱȻô
䣬ıΪߵһ档
ֻΪǰһѾħӵ׷ɱλǰʣǷҲֻʶħӵȴûʵܵħӵԣûһֱ𾪡
ħôھʦܣѵˣһʤȴǱ׵شȣ̵ģؼ֮£нЩ֮𣬿϶йأ첨˿ΪϷǵҪʬβɣ
ʤŭţֶ£һϢ
еĽ⣬Ѿʮų߿֮ٽлͽ𣬹
ҲȻ֣ԶʹֶΣ
һ𣬡һã
Уʼ


466 ˮ
֣ڴ˵أǵȴû˵һ֣һľ֣һ飬ҪɱǧֵʣħӦ˲ŶԣΪνճڴ˵أˣ꣬Īһڵġ
һֹͣ뷨Ӵء
֮һգ˫ۻҵٶ趯ȻһתϿеĿΪһ壬ѾͣǧħޣȫѪܸ߸¡˫ѪȻ˵
ħҲ֮ڽС
ǧħͣͷ˳ϣ
ֱоԼĺƺû𵽶ãԼ˲鷳һˣϱֹͣ˴У֮Ҳһ䣬ǧħ޿ʼƶ߿Ľ࣬սޣǧħ޿ʼֱײϣĿǳ޵׹⡣
϶һȫȻûо̸ϾͨȻͲóֶ֮Σڰ׼Ҵʱ׳ɵӣ߳Ĵʾ䣬ɽ֮Ҳûʲôܲ׵Ӧ֮ĳ֡
׵ĲУϵԺͻظһ棬ŶһЩЩȴĴ
ţģ³
쳹ֱ͸֮֮һݣһͣϳô˻ᣬЮˮУǧħȺʱ䣬Ѫɡ
֮һߣ켴ٱ䣬ǧʩչǧħޣֱԺϱ߿ӣ߽ХԽԽ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮų߿Ľ⣬Ȼ£ʤһƣֱ̩ɽֱѹλһָһ޴ʱֱ϶ȥһˣȴֻԲֻǵ㣬׹Խ£Ǳ˻ţ˻򣬱ԽԽɫȴԽԽĵƣ֮ɫϲϡ
ģģĻҪǻʩչľֻһƬЦ񵱳ڳǰϴĵһȭ㣬Ǵһ֣Ǿ;򵥣
У꣬ˮУϣѪĽħޱܣһƬˮתԾȻһս
֮λͬʱ֣ȫΪǸħݣħӱһڵĳУһڵĽɣƽʱ˭Ҳ𣬵ﶼڲ²⣬ħӵûǲ඼ҪǵʱħͻȻһڵĽ˳ӵǧħޣЮϺˮƺƴˣֱǻΪ֮һֻһͷҪɱħӵˣ
˵ûб仯ħʦݣ˿ҵĹɱУɳȴôˣΪΣ˸ĻһݣϱҪôҪһڴӽ𣬱Ҫ̻̲ɰӣҪһǿӲֶΣ߸Ĳȵȡ
Ȼһеǰᣬǳܹһɽ
һжǿ¥ˮ¶ѡ
ϴʱĹʣΨһƾ̣ǴӺںˮĺˮУˮпǽھסˡ
󹥻Ͽֺȳһ߶Ѫʱĺˮͻ˾ˣһ˽һ˽档
Χųϣת
Һھۣͷأ˫ų죬תȥ
֮״һ۾
ˮ֮УֳצָȻ󣬴ƸǣȭȭͷɲǼʮȫǱϻǴ
ץ͸ĿϿɲһھ۵ҲһֻԶѣԣеĿ϶Ԫûǣ϶Ҳֲܿ
һֱҧȥϲܣƲָһʱ֣ӿɳѣβϡ
ȭӭʤһƣֱۣѹ֮֮Ҳ÷ִ磬Ͼ̺֮жʮȻ״ǳֹۣʮôеģס֮󣬳Ͽһ
ֲã˵һ֮£ҵļ֮𣡡һȭƣ֣
Īѹ£ֻӲܣڵҲֱʹ⣬ڳԶ꣬ûȥᣬ£ХţʲôҾ͵Լ
Ͼоλ󾪣ﶼšȻħӣ粻ꡱĹâ׷׼
Ԫӡ֮ڵܾ󲿷ֵĽ⣬ȴнڳϣ꽵£ںˮУʱƺð𣬵ʯĻ꣬ˮδ𣬶Ǳת˽ȥ
ȫ¶Ѿǲ˴Ŀĵ˿ڣѾûһõĵط˿ص˿ڣȥУǸ߷ڿգֻܴڱλֻܱӦսǿعһɽĵ̣սϵԽãǵԽ󣬵ʱҪǺˮûˣҿ϶ҲˣʲôأʲôˮУˮС
ƱˣšˮС뵽ԼһƬ𺣣ˮˣˣ϶ֱӽ뷨Ƕ֪ĳ˵ȴ˷ܲѣǻˮת
뵽ڵǿŵ飬ʼкˮԪͺԪ
ˮƱø֮Уɫ棬Щɫ沢ûнˮסǷɢںˮ֮УϿʼ˳źˮתôУˮе֮൱ɫ漷֮Ҫΰ뷨ʱͻһС
һ棬ɫ˳ޱȵǶ˽ȥźˮת
һϲȥ˼ƴȫˮԪ뺮ӿøͣ
䣬ˮȫԵʣصķʽһ
λ𾪣Բ˵ˣھԪɢøˣ쵽ھһѵĸоҪתȥɫһֱ֣˻ȥ
ˮȫϰΧȫγ֮ڳܵĻľħޡɽʯȫˮУܵĿҲѾУ
룬ȻҲ⣬ӡ֮Ҳ֮ǽ⣬ǵɫ棬֮ƺҲС
״ʤŭ˭ӶҪ£ʤųɫ֮⣬壬ë·ȫɫ
֮ûп֮ȴƾֳһȻҲҪƴˣҲ⣬׷׸ʩֶΣһ۾أȴɻ
ԽԽǿһֻͻȻһ⽣âֱ̳ţӡ֮ˮУչϢҪˮУҪˮļ֮㣬Ȼȥǻ棬ʼɢһΪΪģΪˣ˱ʮ


467 һ
Բ˼ٶȿʼѵĻ棬˲ͱ鲼ˮ档
治ҪˮյǼʽҪһյøɸɾ
ϼۣ֮סâؽҲɳնӡڵͽ⿹ˣŽתȦתȦ֮УڵʹâеĽɫƺֹâ˴ۣƺڵɽһ㡣
ͬʱƴˮקˮתٶԽԽ죬ΪͣҲԼٶȣԽԽС
Щ鲼ˮеĵɫ棬治СЩˮٶˣںȴûжвͺ֮á
ǣˮУ˼壬ˮл
һˮʧ⣬ôҲἱ٣˵ᵼˮеıϵȻķˮԪˮԪԴԴʳԲάˮ
Щ϶ǿӦԣֻǣȻľеľ֮ɱġҲ𲻳Ȼˮн˽ؼ䣬ȫ֮ɱֱ͸
֮еǲ򵥣ڣͽ𵴡ɱ⾳ڣŷǧˣһǧٹޣһڳϵҺ𣬴ǧħ޵ĿƣֻСеԾѣȴ˿ţûѧϰɱ似ǰ޺ͲУħӣǰ޹ھħӣ˰װ˷Ѿ⣬ҲǱã
ˮйȻǿ棬ͬʱλ֮ϣɱϾˮֻǸոγɣϻûȫ͸аʺƻ֮£ˮҪܵѹܴܴ
ֻҪˮٲܿסӡ⡢桢ɱ֮ữͷϹޣϣ˿Ѿ;ƿݵĳϣ׸⡣
֮۵סâǿһ˳ϵɱһսݺϣѪһڣպؽ֮ϣؽʱſѵص似ӡһһеӲƴţڵϵǽԽԽʢ
ķǲ٣ҲܲҪûЩߣͱˡʤݺ˵ü˵ǸǸˣػᡭ
ûм˵ȥȴһȣԪ˵ţڵŵĽ⣬͵ر󣬽ȫɢ˿ֱնڵ
ҲĴӣУźˮкͺʱ̲ͣԽԽ֧ţϷſȭһȣȭһȭһȭӡ
ʮʱ̻ЧǳԣԴȻ飬ӡҲ鵭˲١
֮Уλɫܲÿ˴˶һۣͬʱ΢΢ͷʱλ۾Զ
ԴĿǶﾹȻһСδѵĿӣҲʮâϣӡʱҲ黯ʵɫ潫ɫȫڸǣڵŵĽ⣬ֱֱ״Щ񣻸ɱ
˲䣬Ʊסȫ֫ٺסһ㣬Ȼãսӿ֪ʱ̣ˣ
Ҫһ𣬿ɱ֮£Ȼ𲻳κһ
ٴγȻҲۼ
ҲѹסȥƬأΪˮУѾкôһӣϾڿӶ룡
һ֮Ӷѣ뷭죿
һɱһΣȻɱڶΣ
ħӣҲ˶

һ۾ɻɫأţħ𣿳öԪָƺԾ֮ܿʳʱٱʦ
ٴθоԼСţеҪǿֻҪǿܲ˽סϣŲܶʦͷֳŵ
ʱʮâϮֻһָ֮࣬Сҧӡѹͷ磻ɱϮ壻ɫ棬ǰ
˿̣ϵֶΣҲʩչ
ǣ۾ΪʲôȻȼŷս⣿
ΪˮУڸת
Ҳ˵ϻһ£
Ǳǣ
Աˮбը
ˮ룬ˮбըʲôʲô֣ȫûȥģҪսҲҪս
ɲǼ䣬ؽڵתڳԪָǰδйķȦȦҲǰǰ㵥һɫʣ֮ɫ
֮ɫһ۾ﱬ⣡
֮ɫж󣬳ϸ֪Ѿųһ֣
䣡䡭
಻ĺ¡ը춯أ֮Ҳˣ
ɽըһؼ䣡
âС⡢桢ӡɱˮУһըȥʩߣλ󾪣ըըľǣæӦŻԼķɱУ
һ۾ͫףȻһбҵˣͱѹѹƷ̫ƻ
ˮбըƷɽ嶼ҡЩǧħޣֱӱը˷ĩسһһӣˮĳϣܵıըġ
ˣҲǿֲʹâкڵؽػϻǱըһƬٺڣѪԪޣʷ֮⣬ʧؽҲʧȥںڵϸǸо
ڵУѾֹͣתβӵУҲ뿪ΪһĴڡ
ľǣȫԪĺʱúõϢϢŵؾá
ǣܡ
ʱ˿̣õᣬһΣὫ
ϲͣԼվվӣӣվƴҲҪվ
һ潫ܼѹøˣλҲཫǵĹˣʱͻһӰλΪǳʲôƣҪ֣һȴǴȣס֡
λ⣬ȴһ泷֣ⱬը˳ǸӰץ
һ˲䣬Ըҵ̬ƣһӳһǿ͵̧ͷͬϵ̫˿С
̧ͷ֮󣬾Ծ
ϵӣȥһƬ֮У᰻˵λʦ֣Сһ֮סЩλͷͬʱ֣ȥǰһֻһ֮£ը̫ңƬҲ͸ȥҲѡ
ˣλտʼûвϵ쳣ٶһȫӰϣﱯţھʦܣôˣ
˵ţһͻذ۾򣬳ϼӵķ


468 Ѩס
ھۣһ̣Ϳʼ̤˱֮á
ľ괺񹦹ܴɣбᣬݺˮУˮĥȥãֱˮбը֮ƴȫû
ֻǣڵĺھֻۣص˿ľ״̬һͷֱ˰׷ֱûˣҲƤ⣬ûаֺһƬɫȫǿƣͷ߸¶ùҪһ㣻Ҫңжҡ
ھʦܣһ漱ɺھ㷴ӦûһнľӣһҪʩȣֲ쳣⣬˴ըߣȻû£ϷӵԲ
˵ţһһָһƽâǽâȴ˵ĹߣɲǼ͸ϵĺ󱳣ٴӳǰشһѪһ£ŷȥ
ףͻѨ٣Ȼܣû¶һ治ţָһߣ̴ӣسͶһ£Ŀ񱼣һǾȣѨ٣Ȼû¶ôأ
һʮѨɳóٽһЩѪ֮⣬ãûεʡֹȵȷӦܵøˡ
ʵУЩѨ٣Ѿͬ죬ȻúõģȴΪʲôѵ˵˵Ѩ˲ͬһɻ֮ɫŨϷٻͥٻᡢѨ
ͥٻᡱѨһоλͷ൱ҪλãѨ٣òҲҪˣԪɢ߳Ϊ׳հĴڡ
ָâ䣬Ҫ֮ʱһ滳ĺھȴһ£һһæջעھ˵ھʦܣоħӣˡ
ھڿţȳģǺɫѪǺɫĲҺ壬һĻھæֹסԣȫ˵ǡħӣҪ壬ҡСá
ħӣֻ˭һ澪ףбǸ񾭣ȴֻҪħӣһоͺ˵ˣΪʲôɱ
塭ھֻ˵һֺ󣬱Ҳ֪ģˣ֮仹˵ţʦ֣졭ȡҡҡ
ھӣҲڶƺͷڱѣëҲʼɫҺ壬һɫţæֵںھϹâ䡣
ھ˵úأԪںˮСˮУһ±ը֮УͿˣһֲྫȥٳͷѨסϵ֮·
֮䡢ᰵλȴǽѹˮбըģԽƷ˴ΪƽصĿҲǷֲֶΡ
ǣǶûлţһǸ仹ӣǿ֮ĩȫõģһڣش춯ʱѾһ䱸ڽ䱸ɭϵһڣһ֮ˣ˳ȥɣ
ǿЦ
һ˫ȴһڵӣ壬ƷΧһ֮ˣ˭˭Իһסǻ׽
һڵӱͽͣ·ˣ糱ˮƷӿᰵҲƷ壬˸Ʒ壬˭£ұ˭Ϊ״ӡ
ջޱȣƷЩֲըŵɫ԰׵Ůӣʱ˷ˣȡɱȥǶ᰷δչκһͽܣҪ˭ܳΪ״ӣ˭²ˣпܾһƷ
ʱʲôСˣСɰȵȣȫûˣŵģȫ档
ڵĴҲǲҲ̶ãˮбըȷǾ춯أʶڲıըȴþһں֮ˮƬ׵ںƴĺ׻𺣣Ҳȥ֮ˮԪˮԪǲɼʮ֮һ
ʱǿŵһûУÿһĶ̵ţƺʱҪգʱҪը㣬һڶûУûˣռɣˮԪˣۣûˣҲ
ֻҪڣţ͹ˣƴִ񱼣ȥķ壬һ·񱼣׷ɱһŮǣһ·Цš
һŮӵڳǰȵӣ־ܣܾƤ֮࣡
ȻЦȻ񱼣ûаͣµƣŸ߽ΪŮһüŭ𣬻ں֪ļһҵġ
ƾ㣬סСү𣿡
ϵԪȻɺԣڵؽش֪ʱָܻȻҲͲնʲô춯ص似ɢҲ򲻳Ԫȭѷ࣬ʧȥһֱǿķĪ˵򲻹ֻ߽¾Ǹ߽佫Ҳܽ⴦á
ǣϻ֥ɺ棬һֻֻ
޴⿪С˳̴ŮӣȴֱӴ͸Ůӵĵ˲ٷ֮ʮѪӭһŮӡ
Ͽ񱼹ӵһɲǣĿķۣЦ˵úܶԣҵġ˵仰ϼȥԽԽˣǰ棬һ䣬ǣһҵˣܶ࣡
ſе˺ôСٴ֮ٶȸΪݣϬǰĵ·ԽԽƷӣǰ档
ʺһǿ⻭棬־ȣȴΪϿ϶ӲȥΪϵĲһЩΪĵӣΪĵӳ֣ħͻᱻ¡
ǣ֮ƺܲˬϻܱܣȻĶͷϣǶĺ飬ȴǴȳһ֣ȣ
ȡըڳԺԺĻ棬ֱӱըҧѪҪͦȥȴǹѪսôãˣһȥ
ȥ֮ǰų֥ɺ棬Сһھ١
СڳϻԵµɲǣУǰǸ˵Ѫתɻеؽиͣһһ
˼ϵ£һ֮ɫҲЩ԰ףϾѹЩұ࣬۾˷ܣΪΪԼħӣǰµħӣ֮һ¥λ֮۾żʣԹԹ֮ȳȡɱʱǳ˸ѹˣڼʣԶ
ֻϧǶ֪ϲħӡ
ȻǴΪģ׼ʰоֵʱǸȥġħӡվվԱǰٶȣȥ

˾֮ɫѿ۽¶ϲɫһס֮ǰƷһʱϲȵ׽
ȴûаϲأǰ漲һȺӣ


469 С
ˮҵıըƷֳ˵ضɽҡĳ棬һɽĳһ֮ˣҲˣۣ۾ģŭ
ֻ𣬲ģʵʵڵġ
ֻ˭˹˵򣿹֮ŽǰȴһըӲ˻ǺΪ˵֪ŭﵽԸӵĵزûŭɻ˴ķػƴ½ˣӦòŶԣڡ
üͷѵ˵͹ϵҪȻô˹ؼʱ̣Ҫ˺úȥ顭˵ţ˲ûվ߳ȥٴαۣŸղָо
⣬ϡһˣȫ֪
ϵˣվˣҹطٶȳѰؿ죡
ڳǰģһΪڳߡ
ΪһڣѾǲˣرһŮߣǾ͸Сˣһ˵Ĳ࣬ŮҪɾͣıҪöࡣ
ᰵ˿һ˵ĳϣȫǲѴ֮
Ȼ˿ŮǰǺѹѹһƬ۾ﲻظ˾֮⣬ͻأڿеļ̣Ƥ֮С
Ů˴ָзйз
һȣ꣡
ʱŮУ콣꽫֥ɺɵӰ֣㽣Щ߼֥ɺ˵ֻëëѣ˿첻ɰ˺֥ɺ漲ɳŮľȴ֥֮ɺѾ嵽ǰķΪ̶ֱ롣
֥ɺ͸֮Ůʬǧٿײ˵ӻûһѪɫǱ֥ɺ˸ɸɾ
һֻ֥ɺӵĳϣ͵һɶ
֥ɺ棬һֻųϣһֻǰ·֮£˭Ҳסн֥ɺųϣһ棬ᰡ֮λǼμԹ޵ĿУƷ壬ִ塣
СʲôϢͻˣСȴ˳룬еûʲôè壬ʱͲ֪ˡ
һ쳹壬رǸ׹˷񣬷׷չ׷ɱ׽֮ã
ؽϣذΧ֮£Ȼ֥ɺô׾ͽϴߣǧ߽ϰ׷ɱ塣
ϣƽӿƵħǣȫˣֻҪһˣ˭ʲô֣չűǿĹ
Щħ֮Իȫ֥ɺĹͣҪ֪ǽħұɱ˱ᣬ˵ħˡ
ֻ֣֥ɺһ˵С˲٣ŸһڵԽԽ֥࣬ɺбΧ֮ơ
ʱСȴǴ壬Ųֻ֥ɺ棬ٴɱ˽
ˣһǰ
ɵС£Ȼ˾ƵһԨߡ
ңƷϣھȶۿһڳۿʿѹסǹɿ񱩵ܣۿǾҪ
ʱ˿̣˾ǳѣ϶ԥѡһ£
С֪Ƣԣֻ֥ɺ棬ųϣԨʧǰһڵӰղѡ
һҲԨߣüͷ壬۾ﶼż䲻ƵĿ⣬˴һӳһϣݺݴһƣ
Ȼ£пܻ֮أҲпܣ̴棡
һȻӺھ֪˲ħӣħһģһòǰֶΣѾһڵӣ˰֮һ۾¶֮ɫȻҪ뷽跨һУжѣжҪԨ²ȥҪˣҪʬһҪˮʯװס
֮еԨǲɣж˭Ҳһ棬Ϊɵȥ̽ѰһڵӣһЩӣ֪ͬ
֥ɺųϣ֪˶ʱٸҹҹƺһ˲䣬ƺһԪֻ֥ɺ棬һǧֻһǧֻһֻ
ڼСԽ£þԽ࣬ϻڻ֮УԽԽɺԵѷ
СȴǺް취ǧֻ֥ɺ棬ѾٻصԨ֮ϣԨ棬Щ˿϶ڵţأСҲֱУ£϶ֻ·һ
ХУǧֻ֥ɺǧֻʱСڷ˾ϵһѷ죬ϣǧֻ֥ɺųϽѷ֮У˳ѷһֱȥ
ѷխɳϵӴ֥ͨɺæµѷӿ֪ʱպСŽʣһǧ˰ֻ֥ɺ棬һߣȴһ£֮£ȴһ
ϸɺԵӣ˺֮УһˮϵӰΧɺ֮ƱֹƺָȴǺϸ΢ϸ΢
һֱĺвԶ֧Сѡŷ򣬼ʮѡսδֻ֪
СûɳһֱˮУǽŪһïɭ֮С
֥ɺ棬ʣ°˰ֻ
˰ֻ֥ɺ棬Աճʱֱֻȫûݣǣİ˰ֻ֥ɺ棬඼ǱģǵսҲǿġ
ïɭʱҰ޳ûеͽħޣСŰ˰£Բʮȫһ飬ԻһЩѪ󣬱صߣػ
еĳϣ֪ںηһֱиں
Ҳóϵ󣬼һ˿΢Ļ硣
֧ŵգûϵӣǧٿݵӣ˿磬ҲϨ
죬ʱ÷ɿ죬˿Ȼҡҡ׹ϵԺֳ׵Ļ棬ζЦݣϹܿ˵Ӱָ
ͻȻһĺ
һ죬Сֻ֥ɺػֻɭڰʱ֣˻ԺЩȻʧǸҲԽԽԶʱСļ̣̽˳ϵֻ֥ɺҲͬ
壬Сעӡ
˿ҪϨĻ磬ٴҡҷֻԲֹۣʱܱ紵
ϵӣ̵ܵĴʹ󣬱ܷӦضһ£ֻ֣ǡץסߵĵͰִԣҲʱͨĵʮʼת


470 ȡ
ʮרΪľͣ
ľע˵ȡľΪԼˡָȵ֮࣬رа
Ϊ֮飬ħ飬ľ飬Խ㣬Խʢ
ڵʮתֻƬͰľή·һ㣬ҶӵɻɫǿҶ֦ݸɡ
Ĺľԣ仯ɿήȥ
ǡ
Ȼûſڵأԭ״ûĹľԣֽʲôأ
˳ŹľԿʼǰ죬쵽ͱš
εε˳֣˳žתڳȫ΢Ļ磬ɫ䵭ȴвǻȥֱֱͦ
ЩΪڣʮתҲӣˣήٶҲԽԽ죬ήĲֻйľԣЩĸӲСݣеϵ̦޺иľΪ飬ȴ߸ڿյľ
ɭֲܴСǿԴڱ֮С
һ΢紵ЩԭƵĲľȻ仯˳ҷ
СȰ˰ֻ֥ɺ棬䲻ԣȴһ𾪵ӣ˼ؿǰһУǻɫٶԽԽ죬ɢΧԽԽ㣬һססס
ֻǰףһƬȻ⣬Ŀݻơ
ʱŻ粻ȶһ׳˲٣Ͽʼ΢ĺһֻҲ˳ȥʱԳλΪģ˷ȥһƬľһƬľһݵһݣһҶƬҶһ
ʱȡľѾһɲľأһһȦһȦĵȥۿȥĿݻƣϵĺȶϵЩ⣬Ҳϡ״̬ʼܼ״̬ת䣬ϵƣЩУϣЩ⣬뵽Щľ
ˣǽֻһĿʼ
ϾҪָܻ糣˭Ҳ֪ԼҲ
ǣԽ棬ԽɭЩ޴ľʼ˵ֿǳһ޴ľȫήϳѷ죬ǲھʹˡʼƴ
ЩڳϵĿȡ֮£ͽͶѣ
ԽԽĵطţ𽥱ɫȫǣͬʱ⻹͸͸ǣѪÿһϸ˿ڣٶҲӿ죬ϵʶ֣Ҳڱľ޸ֻ޸൱ޱȡ
ϵԺڸŵǣһգȥ׵;գؼգڵĳ֮ͨУ
գϹ
ǿϵȡȴûֹͣȻŵٶȣǰš
Ϸɹǲ֪ķħޣԭڿյķţɵãͻطɵƬɭϿգһϢֱ죬ǵͷһֻɫѸٵɿݻƣһƬһƬɢʱǾʧ룬ѣͷطӶȥ
еˣϵҰħޣЩӡȵȣҲˣҪ뿪ǵļ磬ǵѡ
޷ɣҰܵ£ȴ˴Ƭɭ֡
һˣǰģһɫȻõŮӣǾ飬ǻѪŲҲģȻǾףȴҲ㾫£ģŴԼ˵ζˣŮ׷ɱں߾ԽԽ
ˣӲ˵ģϽѶһ·
Ůӣûлشֻһǰܡ
ִһǵʦ֣Ǿϻ֮ˣ仰ôƭأȻ֪˶Ҳġ
ǿɲһԸΪҵŮˣҹҹңҲҪҪúúõġ
Ӵʦ֣ѵūҲɣ
ûζ˷ؿЦŮӻĵ˵ūûζûأƨûͦأģûÿǴϹˡ
ȰץסҺʱԱ߿ž֪ˡ
ð
ҲҪ
һ𿴣Ů˵Ц֯һ쳣Ĵ̶
ЩһֶĶУظһߺֻλתЩ˺ݺһٽѵǧУȴûǸܴܲѣǶ˵һţⶫһϣһܡ
Ůľ룬СһףиΪţͻأһ飬סӣŵһŨϢȻûŵѪζƬŨŨ
ֱǰߣǾһƬأָоǰһ
ǣǰܣˣϾҪ׷ǵָǱң϶뵽ĽɫޱȲ԰
Ҳԥ֮䣬Ѿվʮ״Ӱ䶨ȫǷʹâЦݣһһмӼ˵ӰС㣬㲻Ҫôأ
ҧ촽ɷǽ߿ŮæӴر֪ҪǶĲӣý㻯װ֤ﴺ棬װı꣬ǼΣ
ΣҾҲѶǵģ
ҿҪԡ
һüȵ֪˭Ƕǻ⵽ʲôıӵĺǣҲӲ׷ɱ
С椣ŻӣΪǱŴģӸ㣬Ķ㣬ɱ㣬˭Ҳ֪˵ԹԵҽϼ硭
޳ܣ
ҲҪ޳ܣҪЩ˵ţֻжʮˣǼŮţǰȻԾһ룬壬¶ڿУǵһݺݵץһƣŮӺ߳һ̣ϸ¶ץ˼Ѻ󣬶˵ˬģҪҪҲܣ
ߺ죬ϳ쳣֮ɫзŭ֪Щǹ˶ǰ棬ᶨ
ŪɧŮӣУ۾Ҳһݣǰ棬ǵĽµĲӣȴûͣ£ʮˣľ룬ȫסмӿıһڿˮ
׼֮ʣޱ𾪣ľսһĻǰǺͣ˲ӣȴǴ˽ȥ


471 ת
ԶƲ׺ΪɣɫӴ쵽˶죬Ϊľһ㻯ң֮У
ңƬݻƣ۵糸㣬ӭ
ŮĿ֣ѪҺԪתȵȣɲǼֹͣȫĿɿڴؿǰ棬رǹ׹ѣǼŮӶ˵ǡǡǡô¶
⣬˻شֻм˵³ɭ֪ʲô䣬ⷬ츲صĿֲ仯
ȻŨȻǰ治֪ʲôΣڵȻܲ˵ǰţ˵Ŀǰľ£ޱΪֲֻԽǰܣԽӿĿݻޣԽо
գۼ䣬Ƭݻƣ
ڴһ˲䣬һָо·ˣˡ
׷ɱȫ۾ôһĻ侳˲ݻӹ֮󣬼ĵӲʵˡ𣿡
ͬʱҲԼ𣿡
Ŵ󵽼µͫףһ֮ݺԼһѣоֱ۴ʹصһûҾȻû
֮ԪɱͬʱҲھľעȫӭĿݻϣûע⵽Ѿʼɱ˾㾪ֲѣŮӻţóĿĵؿ񹥣һƬƬѤãŨҷڵǹԭʼ
ۿݻƾҪӹɻĳ֣ȻǿݻƣһٽǰΧ˲֮󣬿ݻƼǰŰȥŮӿſǻǻ״ȴûɫû˱ǷĻ꣬ľлȻ֣뽫ǻУɸһϣǻͻ˻ңָ䡭

һУҲ˾ǲû龪ͬʱģͻˣ׷
Ȼȴû׷ȫţŮӻڵĻȰ˵û¶ǰŶû¶ֻҪ棬Ҫʲô⣬ͷߣҪû£ǾͿԿʲô־䣬˵ǻܴջأ
ʦֲ֣Ļ棬дջ𣿡
ȻУ߷ͰŸ߱꣬ǰܻһѾһҲпǡӵ۾̰֮⣬һ£˵ȥǲȥ
һǣ˶˾ģһ˻صģƴˣ˵ҪòǼǻȥҲܺصĳͷҲпܵġ
仰˵˴ҵĿϣŮҲٴŪɧ˲첻صĺ档
һ㿴Ǹȴûһξ룬֪̽·ȻȴֻӲԴǰȥǰߣпܻȻСǲߣɣޱңǼҲУ˶ý죬ܵ轫ء
ϻֳ֮УѾһһϴˢţţϵƣȻȫʧڻ⣬Ӵԡϴ֮£ǰԿϣսҫδʹ߳ļ㣬һһµ˺ۣҲʧ
ȡ֮ģһƬ⻬ȳӤҪ⻬
ѪҺɣʼѭ֣زţǲҲľҸΪͣÿһ޲͸Ȼ
֮⣬ǱھնϡõʶҲ޸ʶΧûֹͣڷԲʮ׵ķΧϣ죬Ȼÿǰһ㣬ҪĴƬɭʵ㣬Ҳ㹻ض࣬ʶ죬Ǻܿɹ۵ġ
⣬ЩʶƺЩͬɹУһֱգЩƺ֮䣬Щϵ
ڳϵĵ֮ڣǿűޱȵĵ飬ʱһƬŨɫɢŲȻϵ壬ѾҪĵȻڷӿ룬Щ۽ڵ֮ڣ뵤鵱С
СظоϵʢҲôֻȻػڲࡣ
ʱ֮һǱٿ񱼵ͻɲס˽ŲΪˣǰһ״һԴأΧһӰ
ڵϵˣֻ֮У·ǸˣһƬɭ֣ٿӰоɱޱҵɱֻҪһɱ
ԣҶ
˼ҶҲϽͣ£Ҷ˰Σûʲô鷢ԽԽ
Ҳ˳ϣ֥ɺгӰоɱʢúǹŹ֣۾͸Īңǿҵ۾ųɢ塣
ŮϲеľԪǹϤвţҪܽʢΪУҵӣҹ϶ҲΪңرǣܱഺաţŮӱ㲻ǰȥۿҪʦһѽץסȵ㣬ǰȥһ
ŮŻعѣСĸоرڳˣҿ϶ֻҪǰһǹɳɱͻʸϡá
ţЦ˵Ȼ㲻뵽ǰȥǾͰȥúһˣ
ңȻͷҪٸұңҾԱҽǿ鶫ӵǰȥ
вһ㶣ŮЦӣǺαأǶôãαΪǿ鶫أֻҪԹǵĻǲġ
룡
Ůӱ˵˵ҪԱɲһ̣Ҳ߳һżŮӵĲϱƽ˳ɰԲ״Χֹóָǰӵơ
ǣŮӵ͸˼ЦӰԱԱǰʲô찡
Ůͱˣϴߴ٣ңͻһԥعȥݺڵϿͷ˵ǰСŮðʵȲѣǰԭ£һ棻ǰʩԮ֣СŮԸǼ
˵֮վ۾ǰȥտһоɱϮһƬʱͻȻоɱ˹ȥʱ۾Ļϲǰ
˻ΪЦţЦ̶ȻǱ㿴Ȼµߵǰ档
Ȼһ̾Ϣ


472 ջ
һ̾Ϣź
̾ϢȻǳϷЩ˵ĳ֣رǴ̶ĿЦ۾ĹϣͼʧֹͣҲӿ룬еһУʧ
ϵǰһ˲䣬ϿǳգԺһ⣬ֻһ룬ûˣܽץס˵ʲôʲôҲûټӡ󣬼⡣
ϧˡ
˻ԵȻǿ󣬴һΣҲ֪һλʲôʱ١
ԣһ̾Ϣ
ڲľʱ룬ʱȡ⵹Ҳûʲô
̾Ϣ֮󣬳ֿʼãڱ׵ɺӴˮԪͨˡľĵͨҪȻòҷˡ
ŵͬʱһڵǳ춯صĴսƺ磬ܹʵֹټһ۵ѣɳϺܹѣռ˺ܴأҪǵκһʶ򲻹һӲ
Ǹľ괺񹦵ĺھʱھڿľ״̬ܷӳʮ֮һѣھ񹦱ƻھžõռݳϵ֮壬һһθ˳ϻᣬһҪͷѨʱھȻһȰ˵óٻһ˿ᡣ
ΣǸˮУˮ֮ĺ׻𺣱ը޴ĳ̶ȣסʣһҲΪ˸ΣڵϦĺھڲسϡ
ٴΣǹû֥ɺӡ
ǵʮľ㡣
֣Ҫȱʧκһ϶ѣ˵γֲһʵıأ
Щǰǹȥʽڵĳϣڲľľ£ʵһ¥ʣ˵УҲһ֮ˡ
ȻʱƺһڲͣؽҿԴںδ벻Ĵ𰸣ת뵽һҪ⣬üͷЩ꣬˽磬ԪɣԪˣԪ๵ͨ⣬γԪҪβԪˣǲǾͲԪйͨĻҡ
Щţͻ۾һҵ֮ڵǿŵ飬᲻ԪһĴأ⣬ҲûжٰգϾǿŵ飬ˮԪں϶ɡ
ûʧ֮䣬ͻɣβԪûоҲʹԪ𣿾βԪˣҲҵͨԪİ취쾭һԪˣҶȥģ棬һҵ
˴֮󣬳ۣȫëһգѪϸһŨ˲ʧȫ˳棬ɫâ룬ǹӴϢҲҲоϢ
ΪԣȻ쳣͵ĳΪվòħʦòΪάаٱ䣬ҲҪԪ֧֣֮УûԪ֧֣ıĿ
ѣСȰ˰֥ɺ˷Ҳǰٸн¶Ц⣬Сģ˵лл㣬С
Сʱеؽ֥ɺҲţָһʮףСļ֪֮£һֻһֻ֥ɺ棬Ϊ˾Ȼֻ֥ɺ棬һһУȴʣ°˰ֻ
ˣܽܵѣСһȺ֥ɺ棬ȻҲѣһȫûóƱһծֻģֻġ˵õȭͷȴյôһڵĽأ·ͨ磬Ǽ£ŰɣһڣŰɣ棡
˼ʰ׵֮󣬳ϲ̧ͷǿ˿ѱһƬĮģⶼѰŵɽ֣ŽעЩյˣ۾ﲻϲԹŭ
ڵϽȥ֮оһƬɭʧȡ֮һƽʯͷٿΪֻǳΪɻ
ûеҲ˵ﱾ;ȻǳΪ϶ҲǷǳڣ˵ǰƣ˺ܾ֮⣬
ԣһ͵عȥֿ˵ǰҡ
ûȳ˵ǼŮӾٴοЦûиôһ߽ȴһСΪǰѵ𣿾Ȼ¹ܾȵԼӣѱˡ
Ů˵ţмûֹ۾͸ɻ󣬿ΪǸоԾû˵ҲûȰͬĿЦмЦȵȡ
ǰ
ֻ֣ͱŮӴϣֻŮ̻أ˷չʾʮֵ˸Уóƻ˵С磬㿴ͦᣬģҲòķϣҹҹźˣͷ㣬԰ΪΣ
˵ⷬŮӱ߰ŤΣ裬ֵصŮ˵ջ֮
ƽĶۣŮӵģ治˸ǣŮζʮ㣻һ磬ǸմӰ׼Ҵ߳ǸɵСӣûпζǰգûϹܿйϦˮ֮ǳϻ˵ֵסջ˽ȥ
ڣŮζϹܿͬһ죬һڵأõ赸ģֻгϵ񣬳üͷ
Ůӿ˳˲ͷϲӰ죬кǲˬѵû𣿲ջ˵Ȼмһ˵ӣ۳̣ߣʲôûо̻Ͳˣջţʮ仯ҲӲ̵ģʱ򣬵˹̵ȹ֮һһһɸɾ
ţŮּгһԲֻ̣ϣϣһ
ʱתŮӵˣȻˣΧУɢһ˵ϢԽԽŨ
飡
ŮԲ̣һƬĮ֮УƮ»꣬ȫһƬʺ죬ѪƮƮ£Ůڻ趯ЩˣֻǹϢںɫĴ߷£Ũ£
УŮӿȻ޶Եĳϣٺһһ·ƮȻ£δ䣬ӣȴۻҵٶת


473 
ŮӵԽԽ죬ÿһ֣ÿһÿһͷףÿһһЦõĵطջķ¶˲֪֮䣬ͳԵС
ɢĺɫ룻޲
Ůӵͬǣеģһһ㶣޲ǸӰڻУݺһмӽֱʦõ輼ԽԽˣҶƲסջ֮У԰ΡȻЩľ˵ţҪǻʱ䣬ص㣬Ҿûȶջˣһǿϧ
ȶǽͬȻˣյĳϣȴ˿δ
ȶûлģΪΪϣǳ顣
Ϊ˿̣һתҲת
⸱ȶһЦζָһһɵĺɫʼʻ磬һбƻã׹ʵջ󣬸֡
ȶʦǣѾǶطԼѹ輼Ȼ󣬿ɼˣǵĿ⣬ԾóؿŻȶ
С磬㡭
ȶ˵ţ촽ʪģΡ
ûж۾Ҳûж
ϵ飬ɲһ˿ɣٿȥϵ۾ȴǰ峺˲ؾҪԽȥ
㡭㣬㡭ȣ㡭£㡭Ը롭㡭ɽ
һ仰ȶǼ·֪ʲôӣδѣʵȴûʲôǰҡҡȶЦ绨ţ̾ͲˣܲĶ̫࣬ҲѪ֮УΪΪ
ȶʼתϿԽԽһֿƫƫ˸оΪһŮˣ⡰輼ҲЩЩȡ
Ů˶ջ˻ѣȶһЦôǿ͸Ұɡ
ڻȶϻԶʱϿˣ˵ԭˣͯӵĻ֮꣬ͬֻǼ𣬱Ǹ˵ɱǲֵһˡ
С磬˵ʲôôأ
滨ˡ
Ҫʲô㶼棬ܶ໨ŶʲôУһֲ˼񡭡ȶӣߵ˵ţϵ˵̫ˡ
㡭
ȶ֣͵һ㶣Ҳһңȶ˲ͻָ˹һƬдŰԹ˵С磬ô࣬ĺȻ˵࣬Ǹô򡭡
ʼ磬֣ƬƬ꣬ҪƮڳϵϣڻϽָ֮ʱ޶۵Ļ꣬ͻؼӲɫâ
С磬棬ͰǰһΣ
ŶҪЩ
ǵǵģҪҪõĻýöС
̫ˡ
ȶȻҪŭȴΪٴЦĲԸ㣿
û㡣
ڲġȶϲΪԺȴţ輼пȡ֮
С磬кãԸ
Ը⣡
Сӣȶڷŭˣ㾴ƲԳԷƣúøһ֣û뵽˲ʶ̧٣˵ҳ࣬Сӣ̸㣬Ҫǲ׳Բ˶ߣһ飬Ը𣿡
ŶأҵǺ뿴ϼЦ˵ȶ˺ߣ˵㲻һܷ첻ɣ
˵ţȶһߣɱɱϣȶЦųϣװ˷˹ô๦ֱ֪ӰӲϹˡ
£ȶڵŷ֣Щɫ꾹Ȼ䲻ȥƯڿУȶǰһĻҡҽԲ̣õ졣
Ļ£ȴֻܸڿУۻȶöľôתԪ䲻ȥȶʧɫֱţܣܻģǸ߽似ôܶһʧЧ
ϵĹ뱻ϣٿôջοԼǣȻʮֵĲˬһֱûг֣Ϊ뵽֮ɱӴЩⷽ似źĵؿ˻ȶ裬ȵȶҲʩչµĶȻûˣžʧĻȶ³һ֣𣡡
ʱ꣬ǻƮŵģǱԪģȫͻȻήң䵽˵ϡ
㣬㡭
ȶʶϣȴǰʱĻ棬ղŵ龰ȫһģһʦ֣϶һ󹦡
Ϊӣ۾Щηɫȶġ衱ȫãûпʲôеֿ˵ʲô
ûطƣɻȶʩչ治һܰѣǰ˾ôɵصֿЩ̺ż󹥻꣬һ֮£ȫ˻ҡ
ʦ֣㻹ŸʲôֻгΪѵ߽òȶЩʦֻڿţ˵λֵܣǼֹӣðţΪǸ⣬Ҿֵֹܵϼ𡣡
ʦ֣ô˵ȶȫû뵽ôһڵϵϽ˵ȶǱ˼ңΪƾˣ͸ǰǰʦ뽫ǰƭֹУȻټֹ֮ǰ
˵˳Ϊǰ˼ֹӵļƣҪĻӲѣ
ȶ˵Ļɫһ£ʦԾʦֺ¶Բˣ˵ʦ֣ôʲô
ù𣿡ػһ䡣
ϸûǣУ˺ˣѾûʲô˵ģ
һ£ͷصǵģǰ
Ҫʲô
ҧҧ촽Ӵָͳŷӣݸϣ˵ǰŵ
ȥʱǸӣͻһȣһϣһУµʹ似
ӿʹС
Į۾ۣ˵СӦҲˣȳԵ㿪θ˰ɡ
С˷ܵн֥ɺ棬ȥǵĹֱļ̣ǵӡ
ϽӹŵһȴڣʲôûУ϶æ͵ǰȷŵСŮӲǰ
ϳĬԪ̽룬ûзӦֽ̽룬һ±㿴˵ݣֻһϵĿ⣬ʱޱϬǿ貵ǿǣҪ


474 ٵħ
С֥ɺǵȶʦֻڴţǰǼֹĵӣҪɱǣֹĹģ
ϸͲᣬֹʲôû˵˵ʵǿ
һڳ϶ȥһδ˵ļֹ
֥ɺ濪ʼѪ˻üֹвţɺ˰죬һöûָΪ˿ధ
ǻȶоѪļ٣Ϊŵ˵ǰĹūңūԸΪǰůǰūʲôūҾʲôūһǰźģ
עɣϹĵĲǼֹӵŵ
֮̽󣬳ϵһֻۣ֣ӿɲ֡
־ǣ١
˵١֣˸ˣô½ң
⡰ٵڼˮԪȵȣֵֹŴһٱ˵һǧһ򱶡ʮ򱶣ҲΪ
֮һ仰˵ٵֵɹмеľԱ
֪½ϵߣ޵ģĳ̣ΪйأΪԽߣԽʿʦΪܻһңʦܻ꣬佫ܻİ꣬꣬ǰ˰꣬ǧꡭ
Ȼ˵գɱǾ˵һˡ
ǧ꣬൱ˣ½ôˣж磬мأЩߣͺܲˡ
ǣҪˡٵ֡ٵس٣ֻҪӸʹһˣ˵ͻܱܱ꣬ʡ
Ѿʾˣˣ˭ֻܾꣿ˭Լóˣˣ˭Լȥأ
˻˵һߣʼƽӹǣֻҪ㹻ġٵĶѻҲܽѳһλǿߣ
ϾⱩһʱ뵽˰׼Ҵĵ澭ô꣬Ҳ֪ĵҲһߣƺû䣬żҲڵ׵
ڣСٵ֣ϵĵģ˲١
֮ûȫϵĵģΪֻһŵǡٵٵǿӳ쵤ҩҪƳҪĲϣ϶Ҳ
濴µȻгʮζҩݣһδţδģһ֣ϵʦĵпֻǣᵽЩҩʱʦעһ䣬ЩҩݶѾ½ˣ
ζҩݣݲԪݺͺ찬㣬˵ȴ֪½һ
Ĭ˼飬ʮζҩȫס֮󣬽Уɫһ㻯˻ҽţжѣһҪٵƳ׺ҪٵζϹܿѩǣҲҪ
ȭðĺɫ棬һӿκˣ֮λǰȻ˼֮𡣡
ֿ֮࣬׷ɱһ·ֱҪҪĥŸ߽ΪļֹӣģֻûһѪɫĳƤң˶·˰ʮ꣬ǻȶ
Щʲôֳ棿߽ȻӲһ̣ҡﾪһЩֳ棬ǰʵΣǣϢôǳУʲô˵ģ
һ㣬ǰ˼⣬Ҳʣ»ЩȻǣǳҪɱڣøֹͬĽ֣뵽̧ͷ֥ɺ棬ǼѪȣִһ
м䣬Ѿ˵ڶŵڶŵֺЩ죬зħ
ħʮζҩɣһζҩʮζҩħʮζҩУȻ󲿷ֶǼΪϡ֮ҩٵʮζҩ˵õʵ̫ˡ
мѭ
ħãԪħһ㣬
ٱǵÿƳķħΣƷΣʮ
˵ħҲʵ
ֻǣ˹Чĵҩ϶ŸãĸãΪۣ
һŷħٶҪʮǱʮģꡣ
Цˣ鲻ԽЦˣħΪ׼

еʮڣһȱֻҪвľҪж٣
ˣӵзħǿ϶ǽΪɱΪͶ·֮µѡ񣻿ɶԳ˵жٷħã
鼫Ϊϲ֮Уֻɵĸ֣֮ķǳҪ𣿡çɽǻƼƷ׵Ĵ·ȴһǿӣӵ˳ӵеľ˲мһ˵ĵͽȴ
ţϲ̰֪Сʱġ᲻ҲҴϲ
ֹסϻˡħϲ֪½ϻûĿǰ˵õֻܴԺ֪
һοûЩԺδȡãҲûʲôֻ֣ǵ˵ҲһŮ

ǷŭȻ֪ǰλǰ˼ʲôҪŮҪӦĻȴģͽֹһĽ֡
ǣô˵ŮأܣһŮôģҲãҲգƾԸУ
һ䵽ֹУʲô
֪ˣӦԱͬھαػҪˣţ˫ϥأֱֱվų˵СŮӲǰ֣ǰҪСŮΪūΪ澣룬ԸҲ裬裡
ϱͦǰŮӣҪ͵ģȻòǹӲľ񾢶֪³֣óһ㶣裿
켴׹˵ҶûȤ
ЩûӦ
ҽпܻһЩҴš
СŮҲŵǰĶŵ϶򵥣ûзﵨӵǴ˼֡
ŵֻȴֲĴ󣬲ɣ
Įϧ֮оЩίɿűӵô
Ϊһ꣬ɣ
룡
꣡
ܣ
ޱ飬³֣꣡
ųϣͻش𣺡ֻѾôˣҲ꣡
ЦˣֻҪŮ˵꣬ǰ˰Ҳʲô¶


475 Ϊ澣ȥֹ
óһ£˶ʱס˵˰ꣿ

ģٴʳڸ߽żϣѾܾˣܾûжˣһͻƵļûУʱһֻųΪˣȴںض˵˰꣬Ҳ˵ͻΪ硣
Ȼ֪ٵĴڣԲŻô롣
ϵٴδ˳ƴϲ㹻һǧ꣬Ҳռ룡
һǧꣿռ룿
ǴסˣʣУ̧ͷϣ˳ţмᶨȴһȫغͷˣ϶ҵ仹ҪС˵ҪСöࡣ
ͷֱô죬ôͻأ
ϲ֪ʲô˵һξѪΪһ澣֮󣬻ɣһ֮УҲΪ֮£ᡭ㣬ҲʱʱңңĴǣҲóңеõٵĺô
һ£𣬡Ϊ澣򻯻ҽ
Ͽأ˵Ů𣿡
ͬʱҲȨףܹȻõģҪһ֮ǰҲùˣĵģܵ飬ѾᷢҪ˵ƺҲûʲôܵõܶôûƭģĿǰľƣҪͼͲ÷ôľֱԴֹǰˣһ벻ףǰҪҵľѪʲôأ

˺ţҪȡһξѪͻԺ뵽һ⣬æʵǰܻشСŮһð𣿡

ǰжͣ
һ
ָʧɫϽǰѪ
ϽӹѪʩչʩչţǰŮӣ֪٣ȴһһСŮӡôоֵֹġ
ҲԹţһˣһ㶼ϧ񣬻粽á
Ϣ֮һ飬̧ͷЩľľصǰ˺֮УҪʲô⣬Ҳ
ûлشֻ˵ӽԺͽҹӰɡ
ӡ˵ΪŮʵѾɸı䣬ûӦŮĽɫѾʵʲôط
īĺɽ
ɽһ䣬ֵĸң
ǰ㡭ڳϵ⣬СЩȣ˵ں־쵽ԾæĿڵӣڴ
ЩԺֳӰֳ׼ҴòжԶ
СŮû˵
̨أ
룬ҡͷ˵û˵
Ļش𣬳ЩʧҲ֪׼Ҵĳ򣬲ɰʵʲôط
Ǵ뱱ı߾ɽǱķΧ
߾Щˣ·ѡǻؼңǽ뱱ԭƻУ
һʱԶ⣬ؼңˣ뿴һϲǱǱߣϵЩȷѪֻ꣬ǵһһ˳ϣҵʲô˿ﲻɾǧˣϾһڵʵǿȴǡ
ˣȲһ̨ǾжԶ֮󣬶Ը㾡̨ǣ˶Զ
ǣӡ
Щ⣬ֹ֣ȵȣ˽⵽ֹλ߾һɣԡ֡ΪּΪΪҼֹڶŮ֮£ֹʵҲһ߽⻹һǳΪȶˣڼֹڣǺʵĵڶӢӣ֥ɺ֮£ȴǺ޵ֿ֮
˵żֹ͵͵עųϵɫȫǲмһ֮飬һʱմҵĸо鲻ǹװģȫȻӦѵ˵ҲǹӵĶ𣿡
Ҳͣһλǧｫ֮Ů⻹һŵӣҲǰֹӷųǾݻĵڣΪǴ֮һɣһǰʥţһ̫Ԫţ
˵ʱȴЩˣԭŵʦʦܣʦʦãʱ̽õһŶҵһöָָвٵĵҩһЩϣһ¯вٵĵбע⣬ʵȴ춯صĵ
ڷ֮ʱ˶׼˵ҩͲϣ¯ʹָҲִݣƫƫŵʽ򣬼ʹһȴʲô˺󣬾ӵһߣƾֱˡٵ롰ħĵ
ɵű߳Ŷʱȴ˼ֹӣһˣɼֹжʮˣΪ֮ŵѪս֮󲻵Уƴӡ
Ȼ󣬾˿ʼһĻ
ȥ֮ȥֹ
һ죬ӣˣ
ҪµĻһ˽ȥˡ
ҡ켴Ͻ˵СŮΪ澣ԵҪΪӷǡ
˱ֹȥȻΪȥͬʦֵǱѩޣΪЩϣȻͬһָ﷢ֵģҩϣ˵еһ֡
ᣬϵȻ
һߣϴһڽأɽ֮һɽķ޿棬Īϣһڷľ䣬¶Щţ޿治˵ˣҲˣĪϣ˲Ǹʽ֮⣬ڳϵע
ڣ޿氲Ȼ£Ҳ֪û£Ǿһ̽ǲǱһڸץסˣһڽ䱸ɭϣȫҲᣬ޲֮ʣһڵĵӿʼһɽѰҳϣѰߡ
һ״Ī˽׳ˣӵʲôطֲ֪˾ͷжѰһܻǺĪϴһҪһڵǰ棬ҵϡ
߳ɻĮĺɽвٵɽԲҰժҩģһʱ䣬ɭ־ͱ˻ɽ־岻ѣֱ˵ǲ췢ŭҪ³ͷȻôúõɭûأǺЩֿʼвϢɽ֮һʵ۶ţɳ̽飬ˣճ
ȻЩǺ󻰡
£뼫ֹԶӡ


476 㣬
ɽáľӲľȡһƬɭֱɻͺɽóٵͷħ쵤ҩΪ澣ȥֹѰǿܻڵҩ뼫ֹԽԽ
ɣѲڣұ֮һжͼı֮ȴû뵽һǵ⣬ɻȸںʵҲͦǿӵҲһʣշ䣬ѪսʵɣҲǵвסǿĽʲ˷ɣƵƵʩôоУǵסĽ֮£ֻܺʹʧɻأѪ󣬴µӳˣԶϺ
һЩʣôҲ벻ס
һ̶ʱڣʣʸо֮䣬϶ϵʱôõô׼óʵʵһ⣬˭ǣһڣǿȡᣬñСɵķ
ڶϵȥΪβӰҲûκѶϢǲҲʲôΣգ
ҲɣԲܳ˽뺫ʺüĽ飬֪ɵһʱϻҪûиϵûǾ˵ĳˣ
ɽڣһ죬ӻ˾ʺ޺˵ͬʱɳӣ֪ͨζͶϵˣҪٻɣҵطǱȺ
ζõɱ˹ƵϢֱɫ׺εڵأҹ֮ЦݲֻǳĬһ֮ζһ֮ǰ׵ĺŻأŻأǧɺʤ֥ɺ棬ɲܸø
Ƚһ껡սɵӾ£֮󣬼ٸŻأЩºζԳϵ˼ޱŨӣҺЩ£ҪȻ֮Ҳûˡ
ųϣζоӿ޵ůͬʱֵϾһڵĺʵӣǧҪ£ҪúõģѾûˣҪٳ£ҸǺá
Ҳʱζ˹һڵĴţ֪һڵĴӣɽѰ֮ˣ˵ģǷǣף׽ãϼѶֱȷ֮ŷ뿪
һ֮ΪȻб޻ԷһҪǳԺھǾ֮壬ڱصãȻǶԨɼʶϴһһ𾪵ĺھֱϲΪ֮ȥһЩȴ⺷ĳӣԣһڵһŽԨһɽ׽Ѱ֮ˣʣۣ϶һ򲽣ܴԨӳϵˣ֮ԻָָˣΪ϶
ֻ֪˶̶̲һµʱ䣬ָʵǰһ¥
ڳϻָһڲ֪ζȻ֪ϢֱˣȻǷ֤Ϣ滹Ǽ٣ȷΪζ³һѪֱʡ
ٴζȫȻûãȻ޴֮У˶˸ģҪ˺ǻ󣬶վ˳ҪΣصʹļ򣬻ۣ
ӣ㣬㲻£ζ˵羭ǧɣĵ㣬һһ˵ӣҵ֣
㲻֣ζұ£ҲҪҵ
Ҳ㣬ӣһƴһΪᣡȻ㣬ζִ̽
ζﺣ֮󣬱ɳ֣ѰϵϢ
Ϲ壬ϹܿҷǿлͻؼңϹ֪ôǰԽԽҵľƣڻбϹ壬ϹǿʢȥҷǰӭȢϹܿҪ
Ϲ⻰ֻССһ㶣һ֮󣬱ٲǣֱӴӦҷҪؼջ壬һڱֱƨǡ
ҷԸɣȻĻŭš
ϹܺһϹϵҷ绹һڵŵӣպǰ;޿һڱӻϹڱ԰Ȼ£ߣߣ
ϹܿϢʱԴȻը죬ԣϹٴǿӦüޣӦҲüޣϹܿҷؽ֮ú󣬻кܶôϹٷչΪҵһҡҡؼңٲϹҵĶ֣Ϊ壬ֵõģ˵ҷǶôôغãƷòΪֵλ
ֻǣһΣϹܿûЭ
Ϲ˵ҷʱϹܿԺŵģȫǳϣȫҪǣҪٺʲôϵĳϣףÿһ仰ÿһôộ
ϹܿȻֻμ棬ȴǰ̹ģˣȻÿԼѾǸζŮˣһҪֻǴԵվ޲ǣϹ֪ܿÿԼһΣ൱Ѿ˼һΣ
ԽҪ˼ԽŨ
Ǹɣֻƿɣ
ǺϹѹϹܿ˵ҪңұǽʲôòͬʱϹܿҵҷ磬ֱ棬Ѿˣ㲻Ҫң
ҷܾȣȴûзΪϹܿѾȥ£ҾͲţҷȻȲһȥˡ
ԣҷصң㲻ȢңһҪõ㣡
Ϲܿᣬ׼ҳߣʱҷõһڴѰ֮˵ֻ뿪Ϲң֮ǰҷϹܿ˵˴¡
ʱϹܿһ飬ȫֱֱһҪҵˣǳϣ
ֱ£ҷϹܿȴ˵ԸҷһȥѰҡ
ŵôԣҷȻǴΪϲͲܾϹΪֹˣ˴һʱ䳤ˣͻվ顣
ǣ˭֪Ϲܿڴʲô⣡
˾ͽİ뿪ڣѰɣζķֱƻһֱûҵ˵ɱƵ£һʱ䣬˾ͽ֪ȥѰҴ磻ȻּһڵĶ˵һеĻҲΪһҪҵģ硣
˾ͽҲףڵʵһڵǰֱ϶㲻ϣҪһڿ⣬˸ʵ֮⣬
ԣ˾ͽ·
һѰҳϵټһ׼˾ͽؿ֮ѡǱƬ֮أɱǿᱦĵط
ƬطŰ׹һɽʮ
ţζڴ󺣺ͳչˣǳԣͬʱҲڰռžյĲϣϣ֮⣬α㽫ģƿѪϡ
̽ӣ仯Ϣһһ˻ȥӪ忴йƵϢüͷýչ
˼֣ʱ֪Ѿվ˼ֹ⡣
⣬һźµӣȵʲôˣֹʲô
٣


477 µĹֶ
٣
˵١֣ͺ˵Է˵·ûʲôƽòˡ
ֹǵӣ١Ūˡ
١˭˵ǣһɣһͦŽǧ˵ɡ
٣˭˵
˭ָأ
ֹŵһ֮켴ЦֹӣŮΪʦѣӦη塢ŶԣǵǼֹҲ͹ƣһҲ
е˶ڿЦţе˵٣ΰɣûɣջ˰ɣ֪ʲôط֪˭ĵ𣿸ҰֱѰ·ϽӹȻͰץ㵱๤
ЩŮ˵ƣŤˮǰЩȻòһŤķҲһǵ飬ȴһģ͸Źҵ˵ζϸаָЦ˵ţʦ֣˼λСòǼֹôҪ˼أС磬ȥūҵסūҺúдС硣
ʦãҿַ飬̲ס˰ɣʦ֣ʦι㡣еߵŮǰ컯֮£Ů
ŮҲܾŤøﻹźߺߵ˵ţʦ֣û˼ҵԱߣһŮǸ϶ʦָеʡ
ʦ˵òŮץסǱһˣЦţҪ´ȴһ󵨣
˷ŵĻ棬κңֱģǶŮ˵ŭɣֱȼճô˵Ҳһ߽裿
еתͷһ¿ˮ̵ӣ󵨣ˣһи󵨵أҲ󵨣һҲС椣ҪҪ԰ˬ÷죬
ЩѪߣ˼ҵŮǰֶ˵һټϣҲСžţôӵŮġ
ԣ̵ڡ
ǣֹ˵ôҲ̲סˣȵ
ͬʱеҲ֣ǼʶʶǼֹ׵ʲôǼ֣
еˣЦų
ڵɱǰû֣˵ɱǣĽ߰ɣԺѾ˻Ķ״ǰЩˣ϶ҲᱻЩ׺˵ĳӣһ߾߸ʬ
ȻûпЩֵĳӷǰ棬Ӿô˫֣ԼҺ԰㣬ǰȥɻȴû°벽ں档
һѵͷԴ
ֹϻ߰ԶʱеĵѾԶѿα飬ֱֹ̧ͷһǿտҲǰ˴ײűʹ͵Ʒ󵶣Ӱˡ
ûüһ£ûü󺰴𣬾Ϳõ֣Ҳڱѡ
žžžžžž
ۡ
ıѪܱѵĽ֯ۿѾŴ󵽲ŵĵزŹĻ棬֪˵ʲôŲҽУžʮΪʲôȴһֵĹ
ѻڼӣֱ۵ӣؿڣС˫ȣӾôһȭʯͷš
һˣ߸ˣŮճ󵶣־˿壬ȫڱţѣҲѡ

˽Ĳҽ˳ʱƴҪһԱ㷢йױȵĿ־壡
Ҳʱǰ̤һƽƽһЩ˵ӣʱѣķѳϰٿǧ飬ըȥ
ѪɣѪУЩѪꡢмɵӵԶѪмɻҳƮɵء
Ǹʩļֹӣںĺʦã飬Ѿţըǣеǣ̧ͷۿȥ
ȴǣѪɵĳ֮⣬ʲôûС
˵ӣʼҵĲɫҲ׵ģ˾ɵӣҲˣԥеĹģǰС۲ʶ̩ɽǰĺʦҲʾǰūԸ׳һУ塭
ҲûֻǰȥҲסˣһС죬ϲϣȻŸֹСϺ׵ӣɱҲ翳в˸Сϰ㣬Ҳ÷ǧնѪɣǣҪʲôЩ˱߰׿⣬ѵӰ٣Ҳġ
ĳ˵ǰһ仰ʱӻǲʱǸģ˵һ仰ӵͱһףһǳİףĲףӣüëȵȣϢˣȫȫһİˣ⣬ɵסҪһֱ͹һûзֿҲϲ
ʱʲôҲû˵Ȼʣɻǽʺݺݵѹ˻ȥ죬ּһĻţӣϵ׻жܡ
˿̣ԳϣǳظȤϽ粽ǰӺʦ˵ɨֹӾŹǣ
ţϵĽ̤ڡ
ͬһ˲䣬ʦúʦֵӣԤ׵رѿ
һףʲô룬˽ȥ
϶ڸղŵЩ棬ҲǷǳ⣬ѹȻͿԹˣܳסѹˣͲһܳס
ԽЧԽԣţɽڶľѾʱ׼Ԫͨʮʱˣʱֻ֪ﵽһ߶ȣֻʲô̶أЩڴ
ֹڣȺɽ̨ͤ¥СˮֹһһļǴ֮УɫĻŽصؿţǻݵϢϢֱƮƮ֮УѪҲڲ֪֮УͱǹϢ÷кʲôĳ嶯
Щ棬ƽǰɽˮͼеֻһһڻ¶ֱ֣ҪǵŮͼ͸ģܶ˵Ĳλ¶˳飬գЩͼǳ
ŮˣŮһģָƶУ¶ޱȡ
߽ȥһ̧ͷ㿴ߺ첻ѵͼϽת֪һǰͼ󵨣κ֮⣬ߺ졭
˷ȫͼȥȴòŹǰߣ۾͵͵ӣʲôҲûﲻֹߣһȺˣ


478 ̻壬ɱ˽
ԽֹߣϢԽŨϵͼˮ֮ͼ͸ǻΪˡ
ԽԽ죬оԾָоԽԽȣǧֻһɳ嶯һҪйĳ嶯鶯糱Ŀ⣬Ҳ鲻ԽƲסӿȥ
ϣȻǹž޲УԶԶƽϾϽ껹ʮѪյͣЩ̫࿴˶г嶯Ļȴ޷ӦĻǾ̫ˡ
ϸո߽ԲʮһɨЩͼŨϢȫ˳ϵԺ
ʱ򣬳ϻѪҺҲ͵طڣǹֱ־޲ȥһŮӣǽҵͼЩƣһһԸ飡
ԽԽߣԽԽŨ
ԪѹʱȴˣֻһһǰţҲûջһһĵĻ档
ϢԽԽأͣסӣһͷײϣһζǶ룬겻ɼ˫֣ҪסϵĲӡ
ʱϿ˿ڣ˵ⶼֿסƲס̸ֺ˰£
Ѿ쵽е֣ʱסϺ֮ɫȫתΪԼ¿ɺãˣԺô
ţȴӣҡ
Ųȴûֹͣڼ˵ţǰй似ϰŽĲֻǹֻΪ־־ԸȵȣЩʱضڣĵˣЩŨζҲЩĿͼϢԻٵЩͼҲԻٵǣܱ֤ٵԺͲԣĵˣֻԼԼսʤԼôֻܱƣΪū
һ統ͷȣôӵıһƬ峺У޵ĳݣϻ˵ţÿ˶ÿҲ򲻳ɸգҪܿסеʱ򣬱У˵һǧ꣬˵Ϊµһˣ˵һ߱˵ƽȵȵȵȣеʱͱҪնͱ硪ڡ
˵󣬼žˣֻһһصĽŲߵ߲ʱ˵лӣܽˣǹӵĽ̻塣
ԳơǴŮݣּһ䣺һĺûᣬúðա
ʵ˵ͷͷǵĳϣ֪ԼҲ䵱һãֳģо˼ģڽֹ֮ǰôһ˵ǿ
Ůˣǳǿߵġ
Źӣųϸһһε𾪣ĳҲԽԽ̣ԣڼֹŻԵǰʧ̬ĵز
˵һˣޱȣһһϺĽɫ϶ǲмһˣȻͲôǿңһ㣬ƺ˶û뵽
ͬϵĴǷ֮𣬴âͭƤǵȵһҪԱպ˵ЩܹһƽȥԴпͥл䣬ƾ㡣
·ϲʱֹּӣֹӿͬķӦȣ˵ֹ֣ʲôȻеĿŮҪϣһ붯ֹ
ȻǵĽҲһģȫΪѪ꣬졣
ԽԽԽԽļֹӳ˳Χ˳ֱ֮ΪһġУ·ˣɢϼ̹̹ǰжȥƴԼ
ϵ۲УǳһԶŮŮһУĻϯأ½ǸɲһȼյĻ档
⣬Ҳò̾⼫ֹһɣһѣ
ֹǧˣɱĲʮ֮һԴԴǰеӣŮŴ磬ȫ⵽£еĳеĽһ˿סҪλɼˣ˿Ҳ͸ģĻġ
ҪʹѹѹǵʱԺͻһ似ھ似ǡնھǡն似
ննɵ似Īܣ
ڱ׵ıնǧνˡնԪɱ͡նû似
죬ǰʺ֮еġն似Цһ䣬Ӵָóһѱ
ϸóѲ֪ıΧļټֹӵϣͱȳһϲƷѽ϶Ʒ
ʲôȻƷɽûпɣһƷķ𣿡ʵǸиɽƺܲˬľ˵Ļд𣿲ҵ˫۾ǻ۽ҾܿƷ
ɽţ֪ѽʲô𣿡
ɽ˵ֹһɽʲô֪ô֪Ʒˡ
ɽߵŮˣҲлɵĿ⿴ɽŭȴҲķϲɺһһǵЦˡ
ɽľǲΪȻһƷѣõ
Ҫ֪ѽڳϵķָǿĴڣǵ׵ģϵջУ󲿷ƷҲ٣Ԫָһ嶫еġǿߡꪡƷгԽĴڣһǴӺھӲġСһãҲ㲻ʲôƷ׵ؽ
˵ûһƷЦŶԼֹ˵ɢЩЦѵһ㶣ɽ¿ֱˣµ㿴ɣû˵ɣһƷǻҡ
ڼֹڵӵǱˣ˼˵Ʒǿ϶Ʒûһ뵽ƷǵĿ⣬ʱͷ޲ͽǰѽС
ɽߵŮӣһǰӣȥ˵磬ǱԺūҾˣò顭硭
ɽЦݲãŮ뻳У˵ҵĺã㲻öʹ󷨣ҲȥΪġ
áŮӵ쵽˸ɽ棬ɽܱ飬ȴţСƤÿƷòҪãŮˣУʵûŮˣʲôŮ治
ɽŵʱԺлһĶǵӰһţɲ浽ġ
ԾԾԵʱ򣬳һָǰˢһЦ֪𣿡
ʲô˵ˣӷһ·ӴΪнó٣ûпЩֹڳǰαѶġ
Цݸʢ˵ɱˡ


479 
ɱˡ
Ц˵ģƮڿеʱ򣬼ֹȴظоһɭĺ⣬д̹ǵɱ⡣
κ󣬼ֹӲŻعɱ˽
ɽƤǸʽнǿɱ˽ֲɱ˽ҪˣСӣϽѽһ
֮ţһǿϽֻǳǼȻΪߣǺȻΪ˿ѾķľǣǼֹսҲܷ似
ķϻܶࡣԾݶɽŮӲͣشߴŸɽøɽϽϣƷȥˡ
ɸɽȴһ˵ƯŨױŮӣȴȥˮȥ̽·⣬ǰЩ˴ʲôֻҪߵǰʮ״ԶѿǼ٣㶼¡
ӴָȡһӣָһӻڳѹӵģҡӣͲûʫԣӺˡ
˵̬˲ٷ֣ЩֹŮӶ߳ܵ˵ŵʤȻֻͨһ֮£ȻЩŮ飬лиҪĿģΪƷ
ЩлĹɴѾΣһж֮ˣҡڿУԳ˵ʶ࣬Ͻϱ
һЦôǰһݣƽ״иǴ󶨣žһ£ӣֱɱ˽¡
ɱ˽ƷеӣȻɱ˽Ʒ׸ߣȻҲ˼ȥɱ˽ˣǣȴҪǿ
ۿӾҪײɱ˽¶һЦ΢ţһɺɫֱ棬ͬʱһȶֱ̳ϵ
Ӱֶμ䱰ɣȥΪ⣬ڿһ󷭣÷紵ĳƮڵأЦ׼ſϵĳ̬ΪôɵӲ
ﭣ
ٶȱޱȵɱ˽ȴͻصȶǰ棬ȶײɿ
ˣЦȻһͣǺɫѾ˽˳ϱЦ֣ȶ㻹ܶùʬ֮ʬ֮ɣ
𣿡
ܳķͷŪű˵ǵģʬ֮д˶ߣ̴ƤʼѪùǣ÷øģΪһÿһ̣ʹޱȣʹ࣬رǣʬ֮㱣ѳ̶ȣȷ̵ظоʹ
Ļֹ˿ΪգɽҲǣţСӣǴ㵽ʬ֮
е˼ϵ˵ɱ˽裬ƽƽһնűѾն似ľ飬פģٸ似ھնڽ
Ѿ˲٣ųϲǰʽЩļֹӻɢޱ׾ޱȵ似Ϊ⣬ɻ
ɫѾˣ̡ʱѹˣ˼һǺúõģҺõòٺãＱЧʬ֮ЧôأѾùܶ˰ƾʬ֮ΪҸߵģҲҵ£˾Ȼ޷ӦƤȻúõģһ仯Ҳޡ
ţȵҲţ
Ż͵ԾڿУɲǼ򿪵󣬾Ȼ֮νôһӣ˲ɳٰűâȶһ̹⣬ȻЩȶǴ˶ģǺɫٴ˱ֶȥ
ƴɱٳģΪֹǵڶһڻǸغ˵ľʦͬҲضذ
ȶڣƺƴ
ϻƵնɱ˽ն£ʱȶѾ˸ǰۿҪײڳϣɱ˽ͻػϰٵۻҵĽӰ
ȻȶȻȥֱȫµλ
ȶ䣬ֵɱ˽Ӱ߷裬Ѥ
ֹڵӣ˲նȶնأѾǼһǡٿͣסɱ˽֮ű״ʬ֮ȻնһɫҺΣȫͲв֮ɫ
ɽлŮӣŮӱޱȵӣͻؽ㣬ɽͺһƵģŮ˵֣ӣʼҲǼӲڿҺʱʱȥһ̲࣬ӥŵСӣŮ𾪹ȣһСӲ㱻ӥ˳ʹøɽŮ˰㣬гһӽŮӸ˳ȥҳһӡ
ֹڵӵ𾪻ûֻ꣬ϳɱ˽ᳯǺɫҺһ㣬ʬ֮ÿ쭵ٶȣֱٶȱʬ״ʽƮʱֹſǧٱ
ʱ߾ȫӦȶȶڳȥתһȦ֮ٶȡǶȵȵȣӴ˺ܶѣȥЩȶЩȶʱӾȻȶˡ
ʱƺ׹ǸֻųϢˣǿ˺ܶ࣬ȶǲӵģΪô˵ҲƷʵȴǻˣ˵ʲô
˵ţ˼ҵڷȶʱȶʩһһɴ
׽⣬ȶӦʱʬ֮ԺɫҺεʽײ˹ǰֵȶȴûпϽΪҺĻ棬ɻҺʲôʱҺײӡ
ײӵһ̣ǺɫҺʲôʬ֮ǣ׵̫ˣڳûаõʬ֮ȴϿҰط˺
˵Ƥˣˡ
ҲˣȶҲ͸룬ޱǧٿף
Ȼӿе䣬һ䣬廹һãڵʱͳһǰ˵Ĳ״󶼷Լϡ
֮֮
ֹڵӣȫһ߾ľżԺһֱŸղĻ棬Ӷڲţš
ŵǳ˲նٽĻ棬ʲô似УҺ似ʲô
ʵڳ˵Һܼ򵥣ֻҪԵ֮һ㹻ˣϸղʩչģûеףǴԪѹӲĻҺ
תͷ˶٣
ӣޱ߷֮һЩЩľ˵˵úÿҳÿһУѧ٣ȫԼ
ǣӣùġ
ϻعѾΪϧĿ˵ǿϧˣôͣԶһն似ֻǸտʼأ
˵仰϶ŸɽЦ˵ˣ


480 һ
ˡ
֣ΪƽشӳϿƮ˳
ɽĶɽһ̧ͷųϣֱؿųϣ۾ġ
Ͽɽı鲻Цٿǰһӣͻһֻ֣ȻһɽҰҵص㲻ˣֽ
ɽûֻǿųϣЩ仯
ŮӼûԼӿ˳һǱҪʱʦֵܽǣȫľżһʱǰĻ棬ϽվλãɿģǿտҲʲôûУŮ۾ȫɻ󣬲ɳʵʦأ
һƬžû˻ش
أôˣŮӵĺĺ㣬ܲʵһ顣
ڣȺӶ˻شˣˡ
жˡ
ˡ
ɻˡ

ŮЩش𣬺ʡôжءһ룬뵽ʲôǱϸһۣһۣ淢һû紵ߵĻңʱԼû
뵽нøĽһһڿӱߵĽҲһ£ɴص
µؿȤһĻɽֵ˵ģҾô죬Ƴһʱ䣬ȥΪǸ似Ҫһ㣬һСĽһնûˣͲҪˡ
ȥһСģһӣնûˣЩ۶ʯͷݺڸɽһɽڵſˮ֪ʲô֪н˼ʰˣͬнҲ϶˼ҳΪĶ֡
ã̿ˮ̵öӱˣɽƺ޾￪ʼɢƣֹڵҲƵȾѬ£׳˵ӣʼŬɢǰǸجΡ
˴󺰳Ǽֹݵţɽʦ֣ͣССӡ
ǣôˣ϶򲻹ģɽʦ֣㲻һսͦ㡣
ɽ޵Уֹ޵С
ţ͵ҲԽԽ࣬ټиļֹ̶ʱ֮ڣͷҲǧ֮󲿷ֵ˶佫ΪнĸɽһƬˡ
ڲ֮£ҲΪɽƣͣȳʮ㡣
ɽ
͡
ɽ
޵С
ġ͡޵СУɽ޵ˣǹѾ£ͷаðϵ·ƬƬѿ¶׳ӣֱϼ¡ȭͷҲյýȫ
ɽ

һȭ
ɽǰһ΢΢ҡһǰ̧֮󣬵ѾһĽӡ
ϴЦݣԽԽĸɽ
ɽˣŲȣӡһһˮ沨ƣһһȻļ٣Ӳʳʱһģһﻹһ绢ɽ
ȻɽҪˡ
ң϶ں˸ɽе͵һ
ɽ
ǧֹӺȺɽϽ֮࣡
򡪡
Ⱥٴ죬ƣ졣
Ǻɽһ
ˣ
ֻɽǱֱĳ˫ȣֱֱع˵ϣӡϺüĿӣϥǴ󲿷ֶ˴һ
µͬһ˲䣬ɽǸ߸߰ͷ­صؿȥ
ˣ
ͷ֮һӣ
ңѪҺӸɽĶͷԱߵһЩҲȾˡ
ɽˣͷˣղŻͦǧֹӣȫɵˡˡˡˣǵ컹ţš򡱵Ŀ͡
žһļž
žĸɽһδ˳ĬֻɽȻ翴óƷɱ˽ʱǰ㾪ϲˣˣˣˣɽڵȵ˵һˡ

ɽһˡļֹӣڽˣΪھ֮Уջͷԣҧ֮ʱͺҧ˴ͷϡ
ȻǱ㼯壬һʹ
ڼоѹ߻Źǰʩչ似ɽһĻʱ˼άֹͣˡ
˵ǣǳ϶һ㶣áչٵˣΪд˵֮⣬ʣµĿɶǿߣɺĴһǰͶĸɽϻĿϣ
ɽ֪ʲôŶ־ֵļ˵ţˣɽڼֹ꣬ÿνŹɽһֱΪһһججµµΪعˣûκλŵ壡ǣڿ˵һɲһ˲䣬ɽǱһ̶ˮûκλģȻͱɲĴ󺣣ӿɾκˣþòƽ˷Σٷ磬Ϊͨ죬ֻֿ죬ſأˬһһ޶˫ǰ޹ˣߣ̶̵һ䣬ɽǧֻ֮п˵ӰվǸɽۣ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ɽվɽţ˵ķɣţҪǾһֱˣһֻأһֻأֻػأɽԸ⣻ƾֶ˵ִͷɶѪøɽ̶̵ʱǱͽľȻͨоᴩȫԪתɿ죬ǧϪˮ˴УȫԪǣֻͨ˲ſⶼ˴ģ˴İˣɽֻܸǰհ˵ķɣ˵Ľ̻壡ɽǸɽΪϵɽ»𺣣ΪննգΪɱһеˣС󣬸ɽһԸܿһڸ߷ۣ֮ǹͬԣͬ٣
˵ɽֿһͷĻȴûͣˣɽԸΪ˾Ϲᣬѣ
һѡ֣ɽϵúóó
УɽؿͷͷϣѾôһ̯ѪڱŸɽֿ⡣
ڣɽĻˡ
ֹڵӣŸɽһͨû˿ͣ٣û˿ͣû˿ͣޱԲˮߣڰϰǧĻɵ˼£ǵ࣬ҲֹͣѪҺҲֹͣת
һƬžУһۡ
ԭһܲˣѪˡ
ţǽӶģ಻Ѫۡ
ڶ
ϣҲ˵


481 ƨ似
ɽһά֮͸ϣ˵ϲӣľ׽̣ӿΪɵ
˭ڸɽġƨ似ǰĿࡣ
ֹʶɽڴ󲿷ˣûɽ
رǸɽ¹֮ǰֳȻƣһ׳һˮĻ棻ǵ׳ʿһȥⲻΪ϶¹
Ҳ㶵似ûȥˣԴڵ֮УûдǷķллع
һɽɽϵı飬ǽһϣӦһжȻ¶˹ŹֵЦݣȻδ˹άԳϻǿǣǿ˸ɽĻ飬Ϊ
ʲôҲ֮ˣϿʵ
ɽһһ˿ҲûУȴһΪ˻ֻҪĻش⣬ͿԻˣΪһ
ڸɽ˵ûʲôȻŸˡ
ˣɽԸΪնɱǰһȺ֮ˣɽһָָֹڵӷ׷״
ҡͷǱҪҵĽ¡
ˣɽϤֹܸǰ·
òţֹôһһɱȥɱʱҲϤˡ
˷Ը£ɽһƯƯɡ
ֻҪҵ£û˭ƯƯɵġ
һش𣬶⣬ɽЩˣΪߣ²ֲ࣬˵󻰣û˵ĺأѵҺòײõĻᣬʧȥӦôҪ⣬Լġ
ڸɽƴתԴŰ취ʱ򣬳˵ûˣǾɡ
һбɱй
ɽ͵һͷڵϣˣɽ˵ҪһЩУɽܾౡ֮ЧȮ֮ͣ
У
֣ɽǵĺУøɽôһ˵˵ЩˣΪпԻۺܶƸȻڳԺڣ٣ϵҲ൱ʵڳԺڣϾҪڲܳԣҲû취вһֻҪзչγ˹ģģԴ󣬱鲼ÿһ򣬱󵽴Խ֮ء
һƸʱʱԻۣҲΪԪʯ
ң۲Ƹֻеһãл£кܶã磬Ҫ뻤Խ󣬻Խ࣬ⲻҲһʵ𣿱ǿǱߵʵ˵пԷչ죬ܹø˽ܡ
ٱ磬лܹΪռ鱨֪ʲôͨȥ飬ȻǰеĹģҪ
磬Ҫʲô󵤵ĲϰٵħĲϣơĲϣԴлãóΪǿҲֻһˣ

뵽еĺôϵĽƽȻȥɱ䣬һ㣬á
ллˣллˣ˵Ĺâڸɽϣɽ⡣ɽͷǲκһᣬ˵Źά֮
һξѪ
ɽɻһ£֪ҪʲôѾߵһ޻ͷ֮·ֻƴȥֻҪã˾;ɱ
ţ϶ȴ˼վɽ㽫Ѫ˳ȥ
϶һнʩչ˵ûӰ죬ʮĴܹͨʮˣʮ֮ԳշΪǿߵĿнһ࣬ҪշнӰͲ
˲֮󣬸ɽһ飬ԺǸӡѾ˵һ֮ˣɸɽûסǿͷµأˣлл˸һᣬ̧ͷĽĻᣬܿͬĻᡣ
ûġƨ似ֻǵ˵ʱ䣬֮⣬㻹ǻɡ
ǣˣΪ֤ɽϣɽ㹻֮ɽһ⣬ɽȫ˽̤֮Уɽġƨ似βʩչţĩˣ˵Ϊд˸ɽ̵ظо˵Ĺԣÿһ֣ܹȫ̩ͨԪǡ
ͽаɣ
Ӣ䣬Ȼֻ¡֣ȴſ֮䣬Ȼƣ߷緶£Ѿ˷Ƹ֮С
£ñ˵ĸƯܱ֤ǣܣƾĴǣӦúʲô
ǣˣ
һأɽûгƪȥǸɽȴƨ似ϣ֮ϣĿͷѪУﵽһ֡ʤľ磡
Ҫǰһֻصͷ˵ˣһ£ǰ˵Ĵˡ
˽̻壡
ҲҪ죬ҪأҪѵأǳûˣˣһڣϵУ̺һִһɡ桱ִ
ɽһ㶣⻰϶Ϊ˵󻰣ڣЩ΢΢𶯣Щ뷨ûӰƨ似ķӣ֮Ǭһ֮䣬˳ϣ̺ͨĻɽéٿ֮УȫԪƷ׶һ̨ףʱʱ˵Ľ̻塭
ɡ
˵֣ǰȥˣɽվֳݵĿ⿴ųϵıӰͬΪ˵ĸɽ۾գգգһһɵľȣƨģûƨġ
Ů㣬֪ԺǾҪͬˣҪ๵ͨ˵
ĸɽ˵㲻ûӣԶ򡭡˵꣬Ͻע˹ϣŹÿһεĳ
ɽʮֵʶȤ֪ȽŵŮˣ϶ܵҪȻһһһСĳĸǾܵˣԣһʱվ֮⣡
ͬʱ¶ģһҪŬƨ似ȡѾޱȵġƨߣٸһ㣬󾫣
ֹڵϢûɽʩչƨ似ϷַֺԽԽļֹӵĵΪŨ
ĻУһһնȥʼгϵ̾Ϣûƺã˱Ӧնһڶʮȵķ򣬲ŵģ
Աмֹӣ⻰ٴѪ˳ϷŪŸ似նˣնǧĳϣô裬ͽ֮ҲʧֻüͷûչǹˣҲˣֽⲢûг롮ն似ɻúԶϣ⼫ֹ㹻ˣ㹻ʵ߽


482 Ϣ
Уҫɽ֮⣬ӳڼֹȴ˱仯ǧ㲻ͬ
ɱ˽һһն£ÿһûн֮أҲûԪϢǵأɱ֮ŭڿնϣеֻƽƽȴ಻ģ͸Щһһ
ǧֹӣô˴ǧ֮ڣ˻ԴԴϵظ
ϱǧ˵ذΧУġն似üֹӽǵ似ȫ쾡µʩչȻһһǷŵ
ǺսϾͳ˷ǳֵһĻĻ
ƴɱѪޱȵģżֹǼ似ս˿֣֮ʯ
֯һ𣬲ڶ
еƮƮŽ
дű¶ŮӣͶ֮䣬зޡ
Ҳкͻȶһˡ衱ĵӣƮ˻꣬ɫģɫģƵģϵġ
ԶԶȥƴɱлЦ赸ڳԼֹΧĻ˭ˣУѡ
ֻǣЩݳޣջı£صȴŨɱϢ
˭Ҫ˽ȥþܹԶˡ
ƮĻȡƮɢĺж˿ҵ˻ǣһһȶ̺Ī
ϱ۾ȴȫչûзŹǵκһϸ΢ĶĲıãЦĲȫӡԺš
ʼϳɱ˽һܹնɱˣų϶ԡն似һ಻һˣʮˡ
֮ǰնɱˣϲֻӳǧνһˣȴܹӳν
ȫ෴һȴƫƫôȻķųϡ
һʱʱֹӵµˣԽԽ٣ǣÿһˣϣԲĽۣϽÿһ˵嶼õ˼¡
նٶԽԽ죬۾͸ϣɽ۾ȴܶΧľƣжˣ﹥ĸλãǴӺ滹ǰǲ桢Уǰյһȫ۾һ
ƴɱڣɽ÷ûһܹˣ½ǶûմϹ
ʲô״۾ûб۾ѵ˵Ѿӵд˵еɽΪԼ뷨סˣ˵ΪֻǳôҪôȥһУ
УɽֿЩޱҵˣǰʩչˡƨ似ӹһ٣סҪȻñǻҪҡ
ͬʱԽǿ󣬸ɽеĵǾԽ٣ǰʹƨ似Ȩ֮ƣϵȼֹĸٷһʩչӸġƨ似ùԭ£һǣ׳һξѪ֮󣬸ɽ֪Ըˣ˵һ֮䣬лֲ̿ʱﻢ£ֻóȥȻסˣֿʼһǰܵס𣿹Ǹ߽
ԣԽǿɽԽϲ
ŹʱȻնνÿնһỮһƬӰЩӰҲмǿĹ϶սļֹӣһ˿ҵѪĶеĿ⣬ϵ飬ȴýӲ嶯ȫ䲻ףһ񣬾еġһ㣬Խ棬ӵĶҲ
ֹƬ̣ϼֹǣҲòӱ似ٲСҲ˵ǧֹӶն似޶㽫ɱ˽һһ죬˵ȻãǾͽ˰ɡ
ûлҲûУõĻǰɱ˽ϣ࣬׵øࡣ
ɱ˽бâɱ˽ӹâӰһΣɱ˽ӰأһƬһƬһƬӰûʧһƬӰѾƾն֣ٶ̫죬Ӱ̫࣬бĹâȻڵסһ룡
۾þоš
ɽ촽鶯ȴڼһġ
ͣˣвӰûȫɢЩֹĵǣȥһ޼ʲԭϣЩݣͻû˸ˣӱһƬһƬصƬƬ
ӰɢȥƬأڳֱֱͦ޳Ӱϣ˷Ǻһصǽ۵ϡ
ѪȻޱȣ
ɵվڵ·ҲЩУۡһ³һѪȴΪ˿ЩķɽǾŵ촽ںϣͷһ֣ţ
ţ
ǾϢ
ǰ߰˸ʱϺն˲һǧˣЩֹӵΪ󲿷ǳ佫С߽佫٣дʦʦ档
ɾϢУϾնɱǧˣǧи߽佫ռ
Ϣڰ˸ʱ˵ʲôҲ㲻ϣֱ΢ֵһ᣻սȴȻ෴
ɽڼת֮ˣɱǣֻ˲ɱǣǣ˽ɬ죬
̣Īüֹĵӣĳָ似ɽУؾͱĳͷͷɵסˣһľż
۾˶սƴɱд似ȷڱﵥ似ˣҲֻ̣ǣЩ˻˲٣ҵġն似ɹ
֮󣬳϶˴ľŮӣȻҲȻĶȴѾûĻ֮ϢŮǧУΨһһ
Ůӿߵʬ壬ɫֽһ԰ס
Ȼϧ񣬶ҪŮӴţǰŮȺΪߵģ϶˵ȥǹɣǹڳʵǿݣҪʲôģ͸ٵģ˳ɱˡ
Ůľľص˵ͷľľתȥԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬뿪Ѫ޳кһξ֮Ůӡۡ³ѪѪϲؿ¶µÿտҲ̧֮ͷٿǱϵΨṴ̊ͼҲûǰֻɿѪڣ֮УĪأȻЩУЩģܲ뿴ȻŮӽתͷײײֹȥ
սϣתͷɽ˵㻹Ÿʲô
ɽûд𾪻عȫô¶Ҳ֪ҪʲôȻˣܸɴع˫ַأɽ˽̻壬ͨ޵Уѵأظ٣ʲôԸɽɵס


483 ޱֹ
ɽġƨ似ȷʵôһ¯ζ֪Ҫʲôһȴĵģһ˶Ϊѡ
ȻΪΪķлΪĻ飬ŷЩãʵʵʵڵ
Ц˵ҪҴУҪһˣ͵˵ľ򣬶㱣סҪ⣬͵һޱ𣿡
ˣһޱɽ֪һˣҪһعˣɾʹۿۣۿۻӰ쵽ƨ似ķӣЧҲή͡
֮ĸɽ
ɽʾ֭ţһޱޱޱɽŵʱͻؿǰһ֣ɽϸһЯĴָ
ָޱɽһϵʱȻæ˵ˣӢָ£Сˣˡ
˵ϻȥ°ɣɾ㣡
ǣˣɽһλʤĽʬҰȥָָɽˡɾ㡱֣Ǳ㽫еķֹŮӲϡϡԴϴŵȫ˸ɸɾЩ˿ɽҲûзŹѹεޱϸ
ֶǻѪ˵ղѧģʩչ
ǣӡӴָóһѽƯƷȴ˲٣ƷƷ˵ǿǱòС
Գ˵Ʒûȫֵһ
ˣҪ豦֮ʱ˵ͣһ¡
ӣʲô£
Ľˡϱ˵ţߴӴָͳһƷɡ
óı̣ͨ˾֮Уֻһ۾ϲˣо̱ɢϢ빫еɱ˽£һЩľ֮УʵӣѽʲôƷף
ȳϻشһӶ϶ĸɽһξƷ
һһɽֱӽӵĶˣ֮󣬸ɽžԼʧ̬ˣϽоϵ¶ȴҲƽ˾ȻͽһƷˣ˵п϶бƷƷ׵ķ˳˴󷽣⣬ǲҲһƷң
ӡֱ֤ʵģܾȴ˵㣬ţƷѣﲻʲô
̱Ʈ˹ȥһ󣬲˵ллӣһľø£ʱԵŮһжûˡ
ɽҲһ飬д⣬һҪɻ⣡
һ·ᱦָı࣬ȻƷɽУռ˶صķȫܹõóõķûôƷĺ䶯ѾôˣҪóƷǺ䶯֪ǸʲôӣƷ˵ǷǺͻ⣬ʩҪһʩ˵𲻵ãܺòõӰ졣
ϿնǸŮ֮ͨ󣬺òײŵ˼ֹڡ
ֹĿڣ˺ɫɴ΢·ǺϷĲǶ˶ҹ飬ҹ滹һЩΣʹõĹâŶԽ߸վһ߲ʹɴŮӣǱϣʹһ߾˵Լ֡
λ׵һźȴֲʧµԴ֮ڣһµӣΧаŮ毺õˣڷеιеڸͷеڸȶ
棬һƬҡ
ŮӺ
΢΢ſ۾޹תɢʵô⸱ģ˼ֹĹ𣿻ȥһ·Ĵ֮ȹĵĲǳʲô£ŮӲۡ
Ůæ˵˺öˡ
ʲôֹںԱһŮһ֮󣬲˵ѵ㻻·绹ҪҪ𣿡
ǧˡ
ǧֹࣿ۾һݣϬֵ֮ǧ࣬оˣϽȥ֮ٹ
ǡ
ĻҲҲˣֹ
ңŮӲӣϽһ˵ǧˣȫһɱģǸ˻˵Ź˵ֹٵġ
һɱǧˣ٣˼ڱĵ٣ҵҪȥʶʶֹһҲţҲûǧӶˡŭǷһƵģǱŮ˸۵֣һ˵ڼݣȥǺηʥôҪҼֹ٣⣬ȥӣһͬȥⳡϷ
ǣ
˵֮󣬼ֹֿŮӣϽȥװ磬УٶϵѾ࣬Ļܲ
Ը꣬ŮӾȻûзӦڼֹһ֮󣬲Żع㣬ӦǡŮɻ󣬲֪ôˣܸовԾǰЩӦֵĻ棬ȴ᲻Ȥ
ֹڼݳУ൱ʣµǧӣȫظ裬ǰֹûжȴʮ̧֮ͯϵ񴲣ȥȻǰŮӣҲ֮ϣżֹϷš
ܻģȫǻһŮӣÿһÿһУɢŷĻ
ûʱ䣬ֹļݣͰڵϲԶʣµǧˣذΧδֹҲûᣬֻǶ˵ʲô
ɽ£ûɾֹˣƽռֶֹΣȻֹסط˫ֲͣڿٵذš
ֹһĻɫЦݸʢ⻹Ϊٵİ˼˼
ɽȺϳ˸ɽʵڸʲô
Ϊɨ·
ɽ䣬ȴԲŹһ˿˿ʩչƨ似Ļᡣ
ˣ˭ˣ
ҵˣâɣ̫ҪңȺɽҪΡ롭ɽһͨȻûǰǰֱѪȴҲڳˣģֹüë
ɽ˵ŵʱҲʮָɣָȡֱ˵
ʱת۾Ŀ⣬ֱֹֹɢĿ⣬Ҳ˲ĵĿڿײţڿײ΢ѿ𡭡
֮󣬳ǹճһЦջĿ⣬ֹҲЦţָЦ㣬Ҫٱģ
ֹĻ£µУһŮӺȵ㣡


484 е
㣿
ͻȻֻǺﻹĸζĸо
ѭȥȫʶŮģ̱һɳ޵ζŭȣңҪΪʦֵǱ𣡡
𣬡ƾ㣬ܱ˳ǿЦ벻Ȼܴӻȶǵӳϧ̫֪ˣӵԶԶģȴֹܵ
Ҳʾǰֹڳ̺ܴ󣬿ٴ̶󲻹ӵıӰ༥֪ȶôʩչ輼֮Ѫȶ³ͽ³
ѪΪһ𣿡ŮӻҪ˵ȴ˼ֹ޼ȥΪһ
ǣŮӻæӦĻѾˣΪ˼ֹĲˬʱ׸ղŹ˵ȴ˹ķͷǶĳͷ룬޼ѾһȥӰ£Ļ似Ȼڲ֪ʩչ
޼òֹȷǸһͷֹĿģڴˣҪ޼̽ǸҪٵˣߵʲôʵ
ֹΪ߽һ˫۾ȻϬȴһֿ͸ǸǳΪߵĸоƱһ֣ΪֻССĳȴңҵֵס棬ȷʵ͸Ź졣
޼»ЩǣȶˣΪͣȴӰ٣вţȴ䱸ţ޼ߵǰ˵ˣ㲻𣿡
ңЦὣҪԾȴ£úÿžС
ǲŹκһ˿Ĵᣬ֮߳ᣬҲûţƺ¾ˣ޼ȥһﲨЦС죬޼ƺмΣ֪Сɶ֪޼޼к
޼ӣ΢ţʪģ˿ֱһҧһڵĸоһҪҧˣ˾ͱЫӣɶˡ
ȻһЦóĿұɣ㣬ԶԶҵȤ
޼оһȫתΪĹ⣬εε˵С磬㿴û޼Ҳû޼ƯǰƽأҲ֣ŮˣôζأôʾС˷緶أС޼ɣ޼øɣ޼ǳŮ˸ϳȥòð
һ޼ҲʹĻ
úǲˬ޼˵زƽƽʱ鲻ԽͦţʥŮͻֳ޼ţǿЦѣͦˣͦҲҵĴ󣬲㿴
޼ҲͦظʥŮȻҪϲ٣ֱֱͦʥŮɫӣ绨ٳ޼˵ţ磬˭ĸ󣬸ͦ
죬ΪһŮˣⷽ汻˱ӣСǿʤĽ֮ŮǲˬѿڶͺССǹеġ
һԣÿóϲһ㶣û뵽˵㻰޼ͽ֮УǼֹȴ˫۶סŮԵЦݣ΢죬˵һϯʤŮζеģŮ˼˼ҪˣʱҪһ漷ƷƷС
˵Ǿ仰ףܵ˵Ŀ⣬Ǻ޷Ⱦ޷˵ˣϵĿһӴ͸Ͻƿصӣҡҡ
ЦЦû˵ʲô޼ȴһģŽŭ磬˵޼û˭ĸζ
ò˵޼Ļ󣬻һزЦŭһ⣬뽫ڻУúõ۰һ
ҪԱֳʤˡ
޼Զȴ˵óĳַʩչ似ڵı֣̫û˼ˡ
𣿡
޼ܲ˫־ٿҡΣʱʮָ֮ϣһСֱ֮˶䣬صԺ޼裬еŵķ磬ĻζֹеӣĿ⿪ʼ룬ӲɸǹɷڵѪ
һѹβĸɽѾ춼ҧѪԿסԼϵĶ
û赲ֱ޼ƣԽԽʢ޼ϸͺ޷ӦдΪĻںϣˮƽط˳ڻ£ӯӯԲ޳Ⱥ̽֣̬ɧǣۻңú治Ѫţ
еôϵ˵޼ƴʩչóִһ㡰޼۷״̬Ҳͽڴˣһ̾Ϣֻϧã̫һЩ
磬޼㰮ݺݵذ˵ţ޼ӳȥɱȫĻ֮У޼еİȻ˰
ҡͷɱ˽߳εġն似ƮһĿĹâ޼֮ˣݽ֮У
ǹۿˣ˷ӦǾ͸˵Ӱֵ޼ˣ޼ֱоڵֱµ䣬裬СĻҪûǾϻûһֻè㡣
޼ᵽǿ𣬿ģɼȫǰڶŵӣ뼫ΪгСɵûκһ㹴֮档
о䣬޼ң֮ԽԽ
˲Ϣ֮󣬳ս֮ϣһŮǰ֮ļֹ˵İɣЩССϺģͲҪ̽ˡ
ֹЦݲ䣬ȴɣСӸղŵ״̬Ȼǰ㲻ƻȻ޼Ϊ̫ߣһ߽վǰҲƲˣ޼ڲСǳȴ˿Ҳܣʲôǡʯľ޼ղŵĻǰǿҲģĹ֮ѵˡĹľ磬Ҳ񰡣Ϊʵ̫ˣʲôķĻ֮ˡ
ʯ֮䣬ֹԺǧͷ϶Ͽ϶뵽ķᷢӳֹǶʮӵŵǿٶģȻȫÿһë׶ɢϢ
ͬʱֹԳϸղʩչġն似ҲЩɣʲô似רſĹζ棬ңôʶĸо·
ֹ뵽һƬ޼ĽӰžžǽӰɢ


485 ɢ
Ӱɢ
ֹӶ쳤˲ӣ뿴޼һֹ֣ȴüͷƾֹǸ߽ΪȻǽӰ֮£ʲô¡
ڣӰɢˡ
ֹǧӣˣʼЩףɻ󣬿һ˲䣬ǵжȻһɺ⣬ǵĺǵƤŹͷѪһ𶼱סһ߾ߵܣŴͣǣɫҰףûһ˿ѪɫŵҲȻֹ
ǧֹӣûпѪɵĻ棬Ҳûп˺ȴʹĳǿЩ棬в𾪿־塣
֣֮Ϊʲôûп
Ӱ֮£տҲ
ͺؼ䣬û޼ˣ޼û˵ЩǶƵĹֱĻҲûһѪŵ衭
޼Цòӣǵļ֮Уôǰ̣ǣʵȴȷûˣʲôûˣƾʧˡ
ҪֶΣһˣƾʧһм£һҶ
ֹӲ²⵽ЩͿ־循ˡ
ɽҲסˣסˣţãѡˣȥ˿ֲˡɽ֮ʮָ÷ɿ죬ƴظɻ
ȴӿжֱֱôΪΪǰ˵һ䡰޼ȶ󳾡ĻȶǱ֥ɺ˸ʬùһѻ𣬸ûˡ
ԣӲ޼Ѫʧˡ
ֹԼǧ˶һĻסϷ̵İ˸ŮӣҲЩƱᣬʿ½ֹȴ˿ҲΪ⣬һһŮ§ڻУ˰㣬һ˫ħצ֣òŮӱǻ̺ߺߣȻ̧ͷųϣٵģ
Цţȴǲ˵ǹ곡棬ֹֻۣÿһӡԺò˵ֹһ֮Ǹָ߽һЩͱ޼ƴʩչǿ˲٣еġš
ֹϲ𻰣ЦʵҪʲô
ʲôʲôϸһ⺷Ĵ𰸣ֹȻûŭ壬ŭı飬ֻֻŮ£һܵ˵θô󣬳Ե𣿡
⼫ֹ̫Сˡ
ֹȻ׳仰Ǳ˼ʲô˵θںܴܴļֹĶӣֹ¶һ˼ı飬ʲôҪǲҲҪŮ˰
ۣ֮ΪŮҲǲӦţҡͷ˵ֻϧˣ̫ˣ벻ҷۡ
ǿɲһҪԲ֪ֹ仰Զһǰںǧ֮⣬°ڣǽڶˣ㷨۲
仰Ʈ󣬼ֹͽ§ŻޱȵŮӣϧ˳ֱϣӳȥ֮ﻹ˵ҺϲŮˣϹǳζ൱㿴İŮӶ͸ҪϧŶҪǲϧġ
ŮڿУɳһֱɣҲһҷ裬̤ڿУ̬ӯޱȣŮӣΪҲнѣȴ̤նУȻǼֹĹˡ
ңŮڿл˴ʣ趯ӣֹȴܱ䣬Ҳ˵ֹȷʵܲ򵥣ΧǧֹѾˡ޵Уഺפȵ֮Ļ
Ůӱ޼ȷǿ˲٣ֲܹ֮Ϸֹ̼ȡ޼Ľѵ֪ǰ˲ǣԣһʼʩչ似Ҹ裬תķȴʲôù֮һѽЩʮָڽϷġ
ŮӼգ赽⼸գۼĹŮѾĹ似쾡µչ˳ʮָѾ뿪񽣣ڿУƮ
Ʈ񽣣ֱҪλ
ҪλԴģ࣬ǵ֮ж
ŮӳֽĹȾ£ֱһֻ̣ҪŵζĽ£ҲԸ⣬ҲԹ޻ڵĸо
Ͻţ˵Ȼζǣζ̫ˣ
šˡִն似֣ɱ˽ǻӰֱֱֻǰһ̣񽣼гжһɲǣ񽣵Ľϡ
ʱŮҲǰ÷ֺϵе̬ʧĻϣͻرһɾӴԪͨ񽣣Ҫɱ˽棬Űӡ
ӴԪȻǼֶֹΡ
ӴԪڵִ｣ʱĪԽֻһ⣬ȴƱһɽӴԪǰʹǧֶΣ½ҲãػҲգǰ۲ӵسײ
ǣɱ˽Ԫģֻ֣У
ǲУǹճаȻһЦǹԼֹӴԪȻˣӴԪײ򽣼⣬ȴһɲǣɱ˽˳ϵĿӴԪˡ
һˣ
ӴԪƺмֹ־㣬ˣ뷴ƴ
ǣûӴԪһĻᣬֱȻǰ
ˣɢɣ
ϵһ󣬱ʯ㲽ƵͻȻ˿񣬾һʯǧ°㣬⺷ؽӴԪ񽣸ϻŮӵ塣
һ·
ɢ
ɢδֹͣ
ӴԪٴλصŮʱ׷ɱӴԪŮӵʱŮӵ忪ʼɢˣʮָźֱۣӴԪӵǿ׷ɢС
ӴԪӵؿڴ׷ؿɢ
СȡƯ˫㡭
ôɢˣͬǾƣϾܽʮֵ˴ȫչֵ·Ҳɢˡ
ӴԪӵԴҲӴԪ޿ӣֻƴɱȥ
һǻģžòŮˣʱȴֻʣǿԴƮУ޾Ȼ
ǧֹӣǰûп޼ôɢģֻһֲ²⣬ǲ²⣬Ѿǿ־ˣ˿ۿֹĳ檣һһ㣬ޱȵɢǰַŴʮ򱶵Ŀ־壬ʱ׽̣ӿȫûеļֹӣɪɪݴ
Դϵ˳ڷʼɢ
һ˿ɢʱ
䣡
һը죬ǿԴը
ͬûбըʲôѪмֻɢɸɾɢ
ȫһƬĬȻǧֹӣ񣬿ӵĲȴһ֡ڡĴ̶˵š
ϿֹЦԭϲģֻɫ
ֹɫˡ


486 裬
ֹգԪŮڣŮһֱ̣̳ϵӡ
ûˣȻһغ
ǣһ˵رһб룬ǳԸѪж˵һĪ裬ȶҪʹʮٱǧ
ȻҪ̫ĳ⣡
ֹϴ˵ֹıóѣһо֮ˣΪ͸ǸѾǷˣˡ
⼫ֹкܶȤζնӺٺ̣ŪһƷֳ
ǣֹһΰ룬ѾŮӵɢòʵʣЩˡ
ŮǹĻζʧӴԪܿֹԤЩˣٿɢŮ˵ƬƬޣֹ۾ȫϬɱâ
ø߽ǹԪӴһнҪ£ҲҪ֣һȻô㣬ɸˣֹ˼糱ȫһһʺţģֻһ𣿡
˱ӴԪһԪϾɱ˸ɸɾɱȻõʲôӵģ˿ûԪֻΧĿ죬õģʲôƾǿز
Уеʲôɱ˽һƷѣôܹܵסǰ㱩ƥԪƽʱˣҪȴǰ񽣣˵ǹάסƷֹʶ㣬֪һ磬оһƷһ֦һݣȫûʲô𣬡ѵѾﵽ־磿ܣܣǵ־磬ҼֹҵõǸͽȥѹδָô֮ԳĻ棬ǹɹԭˣ
ֹﷳղЩղһϤоŨһʲôطŶԣˣѵ˲ɣȻ벻ʲôطˣ
һ£ֹûһãֹȴǿ˳һն޼Ѿ˺ܴĽ˵һʵķԾ
ڴ似ֹЩԼĲ²⡣
еЩ˼ɲǼ켴еϬɱâҲʧϵȻĿ⣬٬֮Цϵļ֮ֹûֻЦƷζϲȻҲΪʲôòãһ£ӦǶ˵һ̫ˣȫûгζԣҪһģһ֪е
ֹ˵Ҳġ
֮ϵʣŮӣڼֹһ֮£ȫɱϡ
ٳ⣬ֱֹ֣Ƶ˵
ϴҿԺúóˣֻǲ֪Բ⣬Ǻã
ģθĵĲԣһں׼˴⣬ɽ亣ζֻҪԵ¾С˵ԵŮӣԴ̣
ĻҾͷˡϷĵ㹻ʹġն似ﵽԲ֮
ɫŮӣǵһɱڿоͰڳһΣͬԽ֮Ϊ࣬ӣʱһֶʱͬףϲбŭа˼аˣд£⻹ݣܻӭ
˶Ȼһ壬ֱ˴ˣ̺ŵģȴͬһ⾳ĻޱȵĻ
˳󣬱ǰŮӣɲֻǴ߱Ǵ˺üʮ
еġʱһأҪƣϻššԡնϿ¶ûд죬ûѪûпûʹգ֮ȵȣй֮޲һϿƲסܿƵޣǳϵĺٳޡ
ڣϽڵڵͷһ֣ת壬ƾżǿ־֮
ңϸоǰƣϤһڼʶ첨ı̨ϣһڵľרĶʩչһСɱ
ȥȽϣǰ⡰衱롰ɱȻʩչͬ似ͬ⾳ͬлЩϵ硰ɱߵâ롰衱߸վλãһģһ
󷨣󷨡
󷨣󷨵ͬСɣҲоΪֹһۻ֮⣬Ҳͨ
󷨻в٣ʲô޵󣬻¶ȡ󷨡
ǳ޶ۣˣͨãǳϸûʱȥ桢һɽѹóֻƴɿԼʵ
ûû͸˵ˣҷġҲû
Ҫܹһ쵱һʱãҪܹʱֹͣʱһ취似ǸöãҾٲΪʱˡ
쿪һ䣬š衱ɱǰľŹҵǿԽ˵µᡣ
꣬ϳˣն似ʩչ˲նӰһɢĲֱҪŮӰС
ֻһɽӰɡ
ֹĿ⣬ųնÿһü˼֮ɫ뵽ʲôûץס
ԱߵѾ۾ȥѪԽԽ࣬ٶſȥԼʧأǽӰۣԺ︡ŵģȻһƬƬĽӰ
ǧֹӣûдӳϵĽʲôҲûǰȥǴִһֻЩӰܾܾףȻ¡
ŮӵϣȻҲЯ˼ֹӴԪǸտʼܱסնĲ㽣ӰɵųնһһġӰάֲסˣתΪս
ʱҲסϿӡ
ŮӻڷҪơǷѾǧ࣬ƿһģȻĽӰ
ңšϿڣŮӵĵֿԽԽҲԽԽʹ˼롢־ڷű仯Ʊʥˮһ㣬ġ
ľٲĻ֮⡣
켴ءˣ˿ӣŮװ档
ϿһɲǣӰʧˣٲӰ
ŮӣվԭλԳŽָϣ
ֻǣӲ
һָָŮӣȵɢ
һһ֮£Ůͬбɴɢˡ
ţϽնȵɢɢɢɢɢɢ


487 
һɢһն
ɢն
ŮӱɢøɸɾǴû߹һ˰㡣
ǧֹӣξ֮УղŵһĻһĻΣֻвſܷڣΪʲôαأ
ϸĿֱ伫ֹЦĳˣǲôȻҲף׼ĵģڸоãǾֻ˵Ʒζʵ⣬ŵµĵƷζˡ
ϣֻʣ¼ֹµһˣ۾Ŀ⣬Ժȴڻš衱װȥһĻĻǲȻı飬Э嶯ȻһסһӳȥĳʱɫҲӲˣǸ޼ӰΧʱ趼ˡ
ֹϵ㷢еĹͬ㣬Ǿн֮ƺûˡ
ûˡȻûĻֹ似ʩչʩչҲĲ󣬹΢ûСýնȥˡն
뵽ֹԺʱһ⣬ֹһץסų˵ǽնɵӣ
ȻһЦûлشʱ򣬱ᣬҲһ¡
նɡն»ǵ洫ֹ˵˵ȴǳԾţġն似ǿ赽죬ȥǧˣ϶Ҳġն似֮£̶̵ʱڣһ似Ǹ似˵츳ǿ
ǿûУѡ
棿ñӴն似Щص
ֶֻѣⲻǼֹּ𣿡
ֹŭЦЦصܺãǽնڱ㵽Ͳ鷳Ǳɲһϴ󣬶Ψ۾Ǵӡ
Ϣ˵ҼǵüֹǴڱĽɣ˵վӡڱĵأ
վĲǱĵֹ̣Ȼ񶨣ЦҲɢȥ࣬ҲǴĵ̣Ǳĵ̣
󵨣֮£Ī֮Īƾԣݲ㣡
ͻأȴģؼջ壬ǰĵģҡβĻʵۣ治һǿƣҪӵʵܽŴɣڻ֮£ǿĻʵۣ֮Ϊʵ۰ɣ
Դ˵һӡ󣬶ֹЦ˵ݲãЦЦΪʲôʸҲأ
ʸʵջʸֵһϢʱĳϣȻ֪ʸˣʲôĽ
㣿ֻˡ
϶άʸңЩ⣬Ͼһ֮Ů˵Сܵ˼룬ҾҾҾǾҪòһס
ֹĿڳϣԳ˵ڸһᣬһӵٻĻᡭ
ƷζˣĻᣬʵǲҹͬҲܲð㻹ǽԼɡ϶Ȼܾˡ
㲻֪ʲôֹЦţĿ˺⡣
ʼ磬˵ٵģֲҪģΪʲôҪ֪أбҪ𣿡ûȼֹ˵ϱԼشȻûбҪġ
ҿǸ˲ţնҪʲôҶԸ㴴㡮նɣǰǣҪңֹһһ˵
Ҳնٵġ
ԲѰ·ֹЩŭζˣҺȴƫҪ⣬ȻˣȫȥֱԱΪֹ
Сүš
ֹһɫ䣬ڴħ󣡡
ǧֹӣһƬ֮УɼֹЩַ·񷴫֮еĿ־ɢˣȻȫŮǴӴָȡװ߻ĳһλȥ
Ͳͣһ̿ʼѾӣڳǰ
ǧӻµĶ̬ǾȻ˿ңַ·ֻһڻ°㣬ƽʱħ˺ܴĹ򣬺
֮Уȣ¶ͦΣԾƵȵȣ̬ԣƮͿĨۣ֬ζŨ̱ǣֱġ
ʱб䣬ҹĻ١
ǡʱֹһ֣һɫӣзɳںڿ֮УɫâΪħ˼ʣأ롭
Ϲ⽫һƬסǧֹӵĻװҲӽβ͡
ŮǳͷС裬ĹװΣֵɫӧ磬ŴɫߵĳȹŽ˿Сϻϼ磬¼Ըе赸
ֻǸտʼħĽΣǧֹųţŮͻ赽һ𣬾ȻֵޱǣҲ޵ܽӴţɢŨζ
Ҵ⻹ڼϣЩŮŮܻ䡢εŸ˶ǱڻϵͼѪţϾǻǰҲһһŮһԶ࣬漫䲻Ŀֻ벻ģûгֲġ
ɽ֮ǰƾŶԼֹ⣬Ծʹ̼סѣڣȫܲסˣͷҧˣȻѲˣѲˣﲻӿһһĳˮĸоҪȥǣһһһ赸һܻ䣬һ̼һ
ϸȥȻǧͬʱǣǵĶͬиζииջ󣬾Ҷһʹͬһͬһ֦ѾͬСҶƬҶȴȫһ
Ǵ⣡
ɽĵһ˿Ҫȥˣȥȥˣô֮󣬵ȴľΪɽվջ֮߳ޱȼѵؾƣݺĶͷһ£ʱɽͻȻһҲûȥ
ˣܱݽȥҪá
Ҳ࣬ħ֮ϥתȫԪȥֵȥػеǷЩȴͣĶ꣬Щ滹ظϵسԺֱоһɼǿҪӳűһ
ʱ֮Ǹ㣬ԺŹնЩӰ棬ȫĲȴЧܲ˲١
ϽЩӰ֪ԽôܸõؿסԼָܹʱ䡣
ϣȴһϵ۾ųϵÿһϸڡ֮ԺӵУš
ô⣬㻹Ե°ɣֹ


488 ħ
ֹҲǷǳµؿǰ棬һϷȻȻɫ󲿷ֵ˿ʲô֮ģоȡ
ЧȻħĹͣ
ڼֹ˵Ե仰󣬱˫۵ĳϣȻ̤ħУҪ󣬾ֻҪõõĴáն似ɣҪȥԣýȥն
ϲ֪նɵĵնʱʲôʽģȴ϶һʺԼ֮·ǳǱϲֻȥʵž
ħΣλõĳϣûն󣬶ħ߷ǰһһֱҪȵħҲܸ֮󣬲Ż֡
ֹűһҲû仯ĳϣɻ󣬡㵽ʲôƣг˲֪
𰸣ֹ϶ǲ뵽ģΪֻǹŪ飬ֻǳţ»ֹһаȵЦݣԾȻϣ˵뿿һƱħǳ룬ȻԼǱΪħһ֣У顮УٲΪãαΪΪǸŮˣȻҲǱġ
ֹôţ֮裬ɫâȾȻżֹӰڶǧֹӣеٶȼӿ죬ޱȣеȴǷٶȣޱȣеĿҰһеϸˮ
ħȻӣ
⿪ʼȴһɡͻعԺսųϵļޣ֮ײĻ
ͷϣѾж󺹵γ֣Ͽʼơ
ڴ֮УϷһ
ϵĵʮǡľйͨںɽȡľд֮쳣УҲһֱһƬĺϹУǧֹӵڴʧ
ûǿ϶ʧħԽǵҪɢø죡ᶨۺһֱδݵĳϣɫʼˣ
Ȼаһ󷨶ԪṩάתħȴҪṩϲЩεǧֹӣ˵Ǹκβ˳ϣħɱ˳ϣɢ֮ҲԶˡ
ȴûĴ󷢣ҪԵһ߶˵ǿ϶ţߣҲܣϰļҪͻȻһ²ˣǿ϶Ը⣬ýɱ
ν֮ˣпɺ֮Ҳǰˡ
һȺӡһ䣬ˣɱ˽նÿһζնħתĹؼ֮ŵӣĵ߷ʱնŭХ£նڸ߷崦࣬Ϊ֮һҡ
ٱ磬ҪƲλɲǣѤնҲƲҲλ
ˮʩչšն似ԽԽƬƬӰɢȥˮвȦȦϹϣֻâ籩䣬ŭնݺ衣
ЩӰÿɢЩ˱ֹͣһ㷴ҲûУٸ質裬ֻ㶵ش֪롣
ӰӵķΧԽԽ㣡
ԽԽڽӰ󣬱㲻ʹȥάִУħԽԽֹԽԽˬŭλ߽ĵ֮
ֹ˫ø죬ﻹȳ㣬ǵĶҪǵġǼȥȥ
һУǱȽЧٵ˻汻ˣֹЦûԶ
ǣЩ˸ձѣϵġնӰ糱ˮ㸲ǹٴνû
ֹ죬ɳնٶȣҲһ㶼ֹϾ𣬾һһᵱУЩˣֱӳܲס֮ը
ըħˡ
ɼֹȫںںˣں˵Ҫŵӵ壬һֱӵײ
ڼֹԣȻ֪ħȼյǵӵ⣬ǧӾ󲿷ֻֻиֹܹ֪ˣҪǿʩΪȫΪţֻҪڣֹͻڣˣȥлУüֹֻʣһˣļֹҲƬֻΪһ߽һ㹻ˣ
ң㼫ֹжԳʣʶ͸ΪǬ֣ƾϷҲģ
ֻǼֹ֪ڱֳģֻǺٵһ֣ں۽ֵĳ˵ֹЩֶΡǬ˲٣ǳҪ˻Լɡն似ͽ⣬ҩݣһնˡ
ը𣬶һƬһƬ̿ȥ
мֹѹˣǰǲҾ徵ĳ棬ɪɪͬʱתӣȴ֣ãָãƲֺȴظоڵһ˲·ֱ죬һ˲׹Ԩ֮ˣҲ˿
տʼбըɵһҲޣֻܿĳˣĳһˣһһգˣûˡ
Ϣûˡ
ţһƬţ
Ϲ£룬ֻп־壬޵ؿ־塣

־ļͻȻȴһֹŤ鱩ͻѪ۴ڱǴ£Ȼͱƣڵϣ
ˣƶˣԽԽ࡭
ħȫˣǧֹӣ٣߰˷֮󣬳˳뼫ֹˣһվš
ɽǻڵأѪҲ˹ȥ
Ǽֹĵӣȴ˸⡣
תͷԼֹ˵̹ˣʲôɽ亣ζأҵġն似ֻҪһܴɣ
ߣΪˣҲ̫Сˣ
ֹ˵꣬ǿɫӣȻתеϹ⣬ȫ˻ڳһ˵ϡ
ϿЦӣӦֵԪʯɣ
ЦȻ飬Ԫʯܱ⣬һɽԪʯҲܣ
ŶԭˣǱҪֲˣȻĻɾԲһ˵ˡֽ䱸ȴԵȻ⡣
аɡֹһ
Ҫ֣ȴԶһӰ̤ն
ֹҲˣϴϲ֮ɫ¶ӣˣɶˡ


489 Ȼ飬
̤նĵӣĿ۲εȻ裬ηԶԶȥܽس̲ɣԼأӾʳ¶޼ӣطѩէƣֹС
һڿУȻϹ⣬ҲȻʧɫ
Ƿ绪գʫ续ĵӣӳĵףһʱ޷ǷܣгԾĪۡ
ֹһطն似ɵĳϣȻʮһӣٴӱ濴ޱȵ崿·˶һӡ
ǣȴǼֹ֮ˣȴһ֮У
һ֮󣬻عԳЦڲڼֹʲô£ҺθɣҪңҾͽˡ
Գţζ˵ĻԽǾŮӣԽжԽն񣬲˵ʲôŮģЫ𣿾רָľŮӣǻЦζأУģ˵
ԴˣζǲȻشҾģҪԶҵĶ˭Ҳⲻˣ벻ңԶҲ벻ҡ˵֮󻹷Ц켴־˵ӣҸ㣬˵ҶɣǶǰҪǻˣǶͲ֪ʲô˵һͽ㶾Ҳˡ԰ӣҪҴһհ
뵽ЩܰĻ棬ѹ˿иƴĳϣط֪ζˣӦûص˰ɡ
뵽ζ㲻뵽ϹܿЩΣŮ˶ΣĿᶨǣ˭Ҳ֣һдͨǺദ
ô룬ɳСħŮƺŵζԸҲҪߵϹܿҪǺദֻǱȵ컹ѣ·Զ⣬Ὣ¶죬ֺγܡ
ʱ򣬳ȫûҪ͵ӷʲô£ȻòԣӿҪζϹܿҪϰ֣ΪԼûаԪʯĹϵһ⣬ҪҪºִ֣ݻ
˼תǧ֮󣬳ϽӵľƮӰ͵Ծֱֻ֣ץǻ飡
ʱֹҲɴ۾ֱ㶶ŵӣ̿ˮȻֹǸ߽Ϊɫǰȴûʲôá
ֱϴ־ҪץסȻʱֹŻعȣ󵨣ȻȻ飬ǻˡ
ķϻʵ̫˵㣬СүٵģôõĶԵԼ𣿡
ֹһתЦҪǰɣǾɣ
ɳȥȻ飬ֵڳС
ȻĵһӼ䣬Ȼͻâֱ̳˫ۣҪ굽۾ȥһУԭͻŴġȻѾˣɵâʱЩ÷ƽ˾ġͻأκˣ
ʱһ֮УʹѪ
ǣûнȻſץøâŨͬʱϽ뵤ͷųÿһ䣬ˮԪҲʶÿһű͵ϸ¡
ߣĶôģֹЦ˵Ե˵ӣְɣ£˶Ա˵кܴôоֵ
ӲûжųϣһĨȵĲǳһ˾ͽֹǧӣȫնҲǼֹȻֻгϳ˿
ȵģǳϵӣ
ǺεȾɫԼȻײһ˵ˣûвʤģǼֹǿߣҲ֮
ǣǰˣȻڳһ֮󣬾תעΪĮģʷǵһ
ֹӾȻûжɼӢź飬ӣѵ뱾ԼҪ֣ɾͱֱ²ˡ
в𣿡
ʵȪˮöֹһ㶣ϽЦݴЦ˵ӣˣֻҪﱾˣģʮ֮ڣҵҪġ
ʮꣿѾٸʮˣжٸʮأüͷ壬ɼһ壬ҲشˮȻѾ˹ЧĻѾס㲻ǺɾͿΪʲôҪҳ֣
ֹаȻһЦþû裬뿴
û顣
ӵĻ䣬ȴ˾
ֹüͷ壬˼š
Ѿųı֮סһϸʹâҲͬųŵ顣
˰֮£Ȼâ롰ƴǧļǿ־ֵâһһĳŤ
ǿɱ˽ն似ԼʩչӰ֣ҲȻâΧû뵽ն似жԼʩչʱ
ֽĿ˳ϣһ˫ת
ֹȴǼЦ˼ԭĽն˵նԼͲ½Լն̫ˣЦ֮󣬼ֹ˵ΪƾǻӻӽܶԸȻǳ룡Ц
֮󣬼ֹ㲻עڳϡ
϶£ЧԣǹɡѹȻâȻڽҪޱŨɲãȴԽԽ΢
ֹõӳֵİ취˼ڤ֮£һ취ЦӯӯҪ֮ʱɫ䣡
عͷֹϣûпãԲ԰Σ֪ںη飻Ҳûпʹ֣Ѫѵģ
ֹģֻǴݡƵᣡ
ܣ
ֹһʧ̬رȳ㾹ֵܵסȻ飿ô̵ʱڣƾ㲻ûдﵽԲġն似ܣ
ҲǾ׳Գ˿Ȥ
ϵ˵·Цǰն似ȷûԲڣȴǴﵽˣҪһ£
ֹǲǰʵôֵܵסȻ飿
տʼȷЩΣգҾͶ˽ȥˣϧͲôһ㡭ЦŻش˼ֹĺ档
ããܺãֹЦӢףһͱóªˣûиҴӱһȻ飬ǵһһףĶḶʲôĴۣ
ĶȻ鲻ҵôأ֣Ц˵ֹһ÷񡭡


490 ȭ
ֹˣҪȻҲῴǧȴһ˶û
֮ˣᡣ
ļֹȴ˱ĳϡ
϶ڼֹˣȻǲὲģ˵ٵģȻҪȼֹЩȻ鵽УĻǱ˵Ĳɣ
ֹ߳ŭ֮ЦȻ𣿡
ǵġ
ϣܽȻõúȣǧˣȻɾͲˡֹԽ˵ЦԽ䡣
һ㣬㵣ģһŵúܺõģ϶š
֮⣬㻹ñֱ֤۲ն
Сү۰򣬽ʵأ˭ն
ǱɾҪˡֹ˵꣬ŵǸ񴲣ֱӾͷֱײϣû˭߱ĶҲܣ
ϼЦţһ߽ѣھ۵ĺжһȻ飬ʲô
ֹ񴲼򵥣ײʱ񴲼仯֮󣬾Ȼһͨ͸ɽʮɣֹվɽ֮
һŴȻǷƷ׻ͣԻα״˫г˷죬ԲὫɽһ񣬺飬ǰɽ֪Ӳ̶ֳأ
ϳЦݣԽӲԽ˼ȻĻЩȤ
վɽ֮ļֹԽԽСĳϣȵǸֻ߽һССж죬ھԵʵǰͽ͵ģõģ
˵òҲôΪģԣһֱҶŬԼܵ͵һ⣬ֹѾ̤ɽѹȣ͸㣬ʲôоԵʵ
ã
Ͻɱ˽Ž˴ָҪȻʱǳĴ󣬳ҲȻֱӽǰУѾúʵ˳˲תסȻ顣
ƾܽжý˵һȻˣȻһʱͶã
ֹϵĶ˵ţƾҪȻ飬ٻȥɣϣʵֲˣĽգͽļɡ
һաֶûµóڣֹͿȻԹóϷŽ˴ָһʱ֮䣬ֹز˲֮󣬼ֹ׷ʲô£Ŀ¶ԹޣϽȻս˴ָԹޣڵӵǰԹޣ
Ҫҳֹ
ɽ٣ȴ˫ֿտҲƽ˵ðɣǾԸ
ӿ⻭棬ĿҲǲ⣬΢֮ɫڣӳ˵䣬׹Ҳû˵ʲôʲôж
ٳѿ࣬Уֹź֮ʯѹ¡
ϵ˫ֽճȭ˲תиǷų޴ӿȭȭͷһꡱ죬屶ֹͬʱҲһХȭ
ո£˶ȭͷײ˺ʵɽϣʮϯȥ
ʱֹоɽ𶯣ŵ״һɾ޴ΪӲ͵ɽм䣬һѷ죻ɽײֱ߿ա
С
ֹһû뵽˵ԭǿ󣬸оֹһӾǰİλ檣һɹŰƬƬɢǹɹǸղ
Ҳǻһ飬һֱδ¶֣ȻҲΪƥһȭ˰ɫӵݣѾˣǣֻСĻ¶֣ȻĶüЦòߣȫȻʧɫ
ֻ֣κδʾݣ֮ϡ
һѸ˻ȥ۾鲻ԽɵؿϣƺҪûУһһ⣬ȫԸֹɰһ
֮󣬵־ԼЩĪ
ɽȻӲʮֻǴһѷ죬ϰɶûȭپɽȥﻹȺţһȭһȭ
ֹڳһȭͬǰû뵽סȻһ㣬û뵽ô죬ٴһȭֹæסɽƵһߡ
ϧֹǧ֮һ룡
ȻԾն𣬶ʮȭͷһκɽ֮ϣɽѷɽٴεڿգӿ뼫ֹ
Ҿңȭϣֹȥ𾪣ɽҴӣ㻹𣿡
ûлش𣬳Ĭţü䣬ƣƳɡ
ֹȻ֣ʮŭɽл񣬿ȡԾɽµ񾧣ͼӲޱȣȻ֣һӲٴδʱãսʱã⻹һЩܡ
ɽŴսνʤ
ڴսУûȫӻɽȻͱ˼ȭҳѷ죬ȥȭĻɽҪɽˣ
׷ᣬֹǽǣټվȴܲŭ
Ҳп⼫ֹ뼫ֹϵ񲢲ǰܣֻΪĳԼվͬһӪ
ΪʲôϾûȤȥ֪ˣֻҪʲôԼ޸ϵ
ͬʱֹڼ£ǰƣæӣ㲻֪𣿡

һ仰Ӹ˵ĸоǰֳģȫȻͬǰһ˻ʣڣǻϵˣɲǼһѷâ¶
ңˣӻǶ
ֹ̽鵽ӵϸ΢仯֪Լƣˣ
¶Цݣֹ˵䣬ĪϵֻҪ֪ˡ
ȻϣĿ
϶Լֹ˵߽Ǹ߽Ȼ볣˲һ˵ٻһ£似ԺҸ˵ġƨ似еһƴˣҲй֮޲
ֹ뾡ı֤ԼԤУǿߵĶ֣֮£Ųʲô֮ģԵ˵ȻҲѡţĵҵĵϢûаסǾԹñˡ
ӿϵĿ⣬һ˼֡
˵𣿡
Ҳšӵ
á
ӵת۴ʣת۴ʣĿһ㣬


491 ֪Ļ
˵֮󣬳ϵĿ⣬Ҳ˪
ϲȥ׷ɱֹΪֹ̤շУƯڿУδԪйͨĳϣڿɷ裬Ծĸ߶ȣǳߣܹﵽֹڷи߶ȣǣ׷ȥͻ¶ⷽĲ㣬üֹ̽ʰֹǾ͸ˡ
ֻҪֹڿвϻûʲôЧİ취߽ʵȻа˰ֻ֥ɺ棬пֹܽǣϲҰٷ֮һٿ϶
ϾаļֹʲôֶΣҲ⣬Ҫһ㣬϶İ˰ֻ֥ɺ棬Բһֻȴֻʣ˰˰ֻϲκһֻ֥ɺ
ˣϻȴʱץסᣬֹһ
ԣϽע˵ϣ˵
ףͲ֪˭֪ҵ˭ȻҵϢǣҲŹκһᣬᣬõģҲҪһԣһأһ֪ҵϢأƮƮ˹ﻹ˵ϣǱûϣõģ˵֤Ĳ֪ҲῴҳֵķϣѰҵġ
ֹͣ˿УǿʯҲ񴲣ԵžԵţȻֻǳǣ˭öһӣºأ
ǻײеļֹҲ᲻ã
ֻҪ˭᲻ãǵӵĻᣬˣ
ֻüֹǲˬǣ棬ƽһƬǽţѺۣȥӼ
ֹųϺ޺޵˵ɶ񣬴ǵȡѪⲹһ񴲣ˣŽޣ
ǵģϣܱûϣĺáϸŵӵĻΪǾɫˣֺ׽ǳͬᣬ˵˭ȥҵһŻصܹ׽һɽ½Ĩȥܹɱ棻ǳϿ϶Ҳᱧϣȥһ
Ŀ⣬һȦƣ켴ָȴű߼ʵ˵Ѿʮûмˡ
Ҳþûûˡид˵Ҳ֪ˣ
ܸʲôۣҶҪҵ
ǰʲôϰɽҲãҲգɽҲסһؼҵĽŲϵ۾һִĿ⣬ޱȼᶨҺ죬ɽ·Ҿ鵶·Ҿ˻ɽҾͽɽᣬɽ顣
˵ɽʱԺֵ︡ľһɽһڣ档
ûϵĻᣬԽǵģҲһҵģҼš
Ҳţܻصҵġ

֮ǰδ棬˵Ļȴʶ˼ʮϰ֪һ㣬ƵľƵľһﹲ
ֹõĻϣȴɲסˣһĽȻ֪ӵƢԣȴȻ̸̸ģ˵˵ģһԸˡ
ӣ㻹֣ʱ
һ̾Ϣ㣬ңЩ㣬ҲǾͲˡ
ԵѣְɣΪҵĵΪ֮һϣϲ裬һƬƽûΪ˵ľͬͬҪҵϻҪؼңҪʦҪΪʦ𣬻Ůڵأ
ҲģԣҲóҪ飡˵ţȴ仰ȻͬϢɱ
ΪҲףǰˣǿҪȫԸ
ЦİɣҴʲôϧ񣡡
ŴݸһЦһЦҹ꼻Ȼţҹؼ䣬·ֻʣһЦ֮ȣ
Ȼ꼻ֻһ֣
ֹŭɶˣǲһ̸ܽңӻǸռ棬ϾҪƴɱЦˣദ֮ôûжЦ⣬ô˵Ļûռˣ˵ö࣡
ֹĿ⣬дųޣϡ
꼻һ֮󣬵ڿգӾûһ˿һ㣬ƮƮεǰǰ۵ɱʧٶȲ죬ҲҲʲôԪâʲôջ˵Ķʲôֱ־
ôһ崿ɾࡢʥµ飬ǰ
ǣȴӵӵһһ䣬оһ֡Ļ󡱣һֱȡħ󡱣ȡ衱߼ǿʮٱǧġĻ󡱡
崿ʥġĻ󡱣˲һŻ磬ǴġȻȴѹסȼˣ
һ֮ȼԭ֮ƣ
ϴ󾪣ȴңɱ˽֣ն似ٴζԼһǰδеķնӰһһ㣬Լ֣
ͬʱȴţȻͨ𵽼£ˮĻͬˣĻ߾磬Ƿɧ崿ʥ˵ɧ£崿
ն似ʩչ÷񣬵ڵˮԪȫеȵȣеһУӴѹǹɷġ
ӣ㡰ǲô崿ôЩն似ȻͶӰ졣
ֹ濴һĻݵЦˣӳ֣ǲһ㣬ʲôûѾСˣ
ֳһֻѣȴһֻѪѣԵֱ̳ϵһֶ
Ȼʱæں͡ƴɱûл֮м֮ԪָӴָзɳ˳ϵĴָ֮ϣԪ룬ԪָɢųʷȦ
Ȧոγɣеĵӣʹ棻ʱâӵѿ˲佻֯һ𣬺˻ԪָķȦ
飡
һը죬ӱǹȥƮԶҵӵֱ飬ǸӣҲֶȦȴûκα仯һ㲨ûд
¶âȻ֪ղһж󣬿˴ȴ繦δʲô֮ǿ
ͬʱϵļֹҲ𾪣ͬ⣬ǷǷҪӵ˷ǿķټǰǼĻҵʵϺü¥֯еĵλ˵Ҫһ
ţֹϷȫûٴαɻɽֹɢ߽İѹӴӿɽС
ֱͷ׹䣡


492 
ɽȻתнŤĿХѿƵ
ϻڴڡĴܣֱҪӿġʹâȻɣ
˲䣬ɽڻԪָʷȦϡ
䣡
УѤⱬըһرɢҵܾʯҷɡ
ֹԲ˵ӵĺ󳾣ɻȥұȵӻҪңΪֹɱȵӸΣһɽǸǴ˲١
ԣֹطɵʱ򣬷ŵĻɽ׹غˣҲͺüֹô࣡
ܿ죬ֹһĵأֹס˺ͷ
ҲǱɽһңϥ£Ӳҽ˴棬˾ѹеġն似ûм֣Ǹ
˿̣ϵġѾؼʱ̣սáɢǳϾǽԼȥˣ
ֹվԭӢһƬǱǻ£ҲѿûȥԼ⣬۾ųĴָϵĻԪָ̰֮⣬һڿˮҺķ֪ʲôƷ׵ģǿȻܷһıһҪᵽ֣һҪСӶԼʩչҵġն似̫಻ɣأҪᣬ뷽跨õⷨ
ֹԵӺӣþȫֻҪķʳϢʲǽʲô¶רѰ֤Ѱ
һ˿ԥ˿ԥڼֹ˵һ䡰ĵ֮󣬱ɼᶨڴ߸ɽˮ߸ͬƽ
ϵĶȴóϵķʧأԭϳһģǡ͹˽ϸϽƴסҪϳȥ
ˡնܽʶգǱģϾܽɾ
ϧϲᡣ
ˣϵѹܴ
һ˵ܹ˴˹أġٻʧص״̬ġն似ﵽĴԲ
ӻڴҡεֹϲ֣ϳ֮ɫ˫裬ʮָɣâۻңɽֿʼ仯
һأɽǱɻ񴲣Ǳһ״
ոγɣȻһƬɫУŽ⣬ľƣвǣ棬ҲѺۣ
ֳֹֻȫܵһԪҴӴָͳһֻƿ۾¶飬һ۳ĴָϵĻԪָ󣬱¶˾ģһݣƿеҩȫȴû̷ֻǺš
һж֮󣬼ֹŵӵ˵ͷӱշ裬ӺƳǹȴǳǹ⣬ǿתǹ⡣
Ҳ㣬ҾͲס̲㣡ֹкݺţֻҪǷʲôƷףжôҪԪ֧ţҪֵӵĽҪԪͲţԪ޾ֻҪʹȦǱ˰ϵ⣬ɱˡ
ֹòǳȷ֪ڵԪĲŵǰ㣬޾Ȼ޾ҲƵģҪ
޾ͦʱ֮ڣҲЧģ٣ǰһսƴɱǾԹԴԴϵѭȥģ
ֹץסתȥʹȦ֮ϣ΢ءۡһ󣬼ֹʼ̣ʼת
Ʋһ棬Ǳһ㣬ƣȻƣķȦҲˡֹ߶ţߴŵӣһ㣬ң֧š
һССԥһ˲䣬Ȼ
ѾռϷ磬ϣɵһ֣ϱ֮ӣø
źطתֹеȫڻļϣ
ӣӣʮӡ
ʹȦһ㣬ûаѵƣֹзǳˬҪƲȦǰСӾͺ˺ڹǣһֻڹ꣬ް취
ӣΪѰܹЩ𣿡
ѿƮٶȣԽԽ죬ѹǣڳϺ͡ƴɱЩʱҲڳɳʹسɳǿұǿٶȣģֻʩչն似ٶԽԽÿնһһ಻ĽӰ
ԣӵĹߵʱȻܽϣֻٶȣţࡣ
ֹû
һ꣬ǰʱȥȻԪ൱ںϵĹͨǾԪһ֮һĵҩ̷ȥų۽⡣
һӺ󣬼ֹĶꡱһȻϲҪ괩ˣڹǾҪˣСӣҿڳԣҪٱȴԶñ٣һôӵô϶Ҳз
ֹȻǲԼһģˣܹϵؿ϶Լһ뷨ԣ϶ǷҪȻôûɽ죬ЩǿķۿǱˣǱġ
ţֹЦסһƬбŭļ⣬䶯ΪſʹȦͻתһ£Ҳ˵ǰǸλãˣ֪ȥˡ
ʹȦʼתٶԽԽ죬ȫϾ˼ֹȥѰǰǸλõ뷨
ʮֵƣӼֹĵ״
ֹȴֺ𲻳ʹȦϣըǶԳȴûɰʧҵˣҪȥ
⵽ʲôģһҪᵽֹⷨ߹ߺ֪ʹȦܹסʵĹЩʲô
ʷȦ֮ڣնٶȣԽԽΣնһһǸŹȦļֹܸо
֮γԱȵǵӣѿĵԽԽ࣬ԽԽ죬ϣǸԽԽŨ֪ûˡ
ȷûˣϽӽȫ˴֮Щٲ֣
һ̹Ȼ֮ȫ͵ͣɱ˽ͻһתǰеĽӰһնУȫʧ
ˣն似Բ
Ȼû۾ȴֹһһһЦˡ


493 ˬɱ
ˡ
ʹȦֹͣתҹʹȦһ㣬ڼֹǰ
ֹ޵أתͣʹȦ˾ģѾͻأʹȦתˣǰǰ
˲䣬ֹסˣ̶ϲϽŻȫȥͬʱĵҩȫ̷ȥͬʱֹѣˣˣһҪڹǹƣһҪ
ֹûлȦֹͣⰼĳ֣ôغʣôɺϣֹΪһУģΪʹȦֹͣΪûԪӦ󣬲òֹͣǰ㣬ľˣ
еЩȴҲûж룬ѿﲻٱųΪЧĹûֹ֣ͣĨȥΣ¶һ˫գ޷ݵ֡
һ˫֣ǰʮָƣת֣һɫӳϵĽŵðͷգǱѿҶ֦Һɫźںڵļ̣ԽԽĺɫӵص׳ڳϵʹȦϣ̺ݺʹẠ̇ԽԽ
СЩԾҪǳԾڵӵ˫֣ˣɻûôһ˫֣˫֡𣿡
˫ڳϵ֮ζζȴһеġȫֻ͵ĽǶȣʮָڿзת
ϵĺɫԽԽ࣬һһɵʹȦϣЩɫǿһ似ھǧͷʱдƣֻ̫ˣ͹ƻԪָʷ
ֹרעϱų⣬ÿһΣǻͷ·̽˿˿ֹͿܲѣԺŹҪѹıʰϣѪ桭
ɼֹȫȻûע⵽ӴĽԪˣȻعͨҲҪһ̣⼫ֹĵһƬ֮УԪǺŨ
һĵĵߣѾϹҪնҧҧɿʱһ
ͬʱϻ͵ӵıݣѾ裬֮ǰֹڵЩȫͬչţ紵£ǳ˸ˮ棬裬棬麳
ŵӵ裬ʹȦϵĺɫҲֽ࣬һɫɢҲԽʱһһʱּĳһ㡭
ûȥɫֻɺɫʩΪĿ⣬ֱŵӣĿͬʱϻңҪڵӸճұȻڡʱ򣬵Ӿһֻºпܣҽġˣãá
һ裬𣿡
ſţϸоԼľ·õһָоͬ˵ܹ򵽣õķ淢չģͺľо񣬰Ρɽ徻֮ˮϴţˢţһһ飬ϴȥתʮ㣬ŷ޾Ĳ֮ΪƺСݵĺˬ
ǵ֮ڵĵ飬ˣҶһζϲá
ϼţþԡȪУľš
һߣֹԪȴŴˣһֿ񱩵̬ȣȡŽԪֹһֱſܵ״̬ΪϵڼֹЩʱϱǰٰȥһЩǸֹһϣԽԽٶһ£ʵֵļ
ӻ裬УԽԽûеףǸƵʹȦΣ٣ִĸо쳣ǿҡ
𲻰ӵ裬ζЩ仯ǰƣζı仯˿ͲῴеĲȻ档
Ƕԡеĳ˵ȴһʱоˣͺñȳ峺͸׵̶ˮԡͻһѪ̶ˮȻѪĺɫɢӣ̶ֱˮȫ̶ˮ峺͸
ζڣ
㲻٣
΢΢̾Ϣһþ˳ȥרעǵӵ裬ϧϧЩϧζң̴棬ﵽĵز
תע쿴ֹ״̬Ѿҧˣɱˣ
Ǻһ˲䣬ֹ㿴ޱʷȦŵĺɫĹ֮£ʼҡˣɫԽԽʾģ
ˣڹǾͿ칥ˣֹٴȵӣӰѾǾܹˣϾܳɹˣϢˡ
üֹеԽеΣϢŨ
ǡꡪǡꡪ
ʹȦ˴ֹЦƣƣƣ
ڡơУʹȦȻˣֱϵĵ̶ȥֹ䣬ڳ϶ߣСӣˣ
£˳ϣֹĿϲԸӵĵزϲþͬʱŮӽеġ
ڼֹԺ棬Ѿ˺ĹڣشƳϵĵֱӻСӵһȻѪб
ǣʵԶʮǧ˵ֹǺԥɴ˳ںõĿ档
ֹ˵֮󣬱һǵģˡ
ͬʱֱӴڳϵϣǴһӲϣҲ÷ֺ
ȴǣϵĵλãƬۣ֮
ͬһʱ䣬ڳʷȦѵʱȭͷϢ̺˶ʮ֮ײ˲䣬ϵȭͷ纣Хһ㣬¡¡ڼֹĺϣ
䣡
ֱֹӱҽ˴棬ҳһӣֹȫˣ֪ô¶ʷȦռϷ磬ôڣȴǡ
󱳼ѣޱȵľʹüֹüѪˮ仹ûие׹⣬Ѿƻһȼգһ֮ø߽״ʱܹ裿
ֹųСӸȻնɱһѩܴ裡
ȻֹĴ𣬳ϵȭͷһˣȭͷŻϢ
أҵλãǼֹĵ
㲻˵Ҫҳģһģ


494 ȭҳԪ
ץסᣬȻͲֹһ㷭̵ϣ
ڵһȭֹļҶϣص֮󣻵ڶȭǿ͵ؽ£ɽֱֹĵ
ʱֹҲоӿ٣ǧһУֹѪ񡪡ɡ
źѸȻûɡס˼ֹӡ
Ͽɡâ֣һȣʲôûãسɡ
£ʮڻɡϡ
Ǽ䣬϶ĻɡֶʮѺۣķ϶ڶ
Ӵ͸ɡȥֹݣѪ¡
ûɢϵĵȭٴ£Ѻ۵Ļɡֱӱҵ֧飬ķѿٲֹܸṩκһã
ֹ֪ƴϣڳȭɲǼ϶ֹȻˣԼ˼ҵ棬ǣֹ֪̫ˣ
ʷȦһɲǣֹܹˡڿյĻлϣǻôˣɱ˶ᱦأ
ʱֹڴأֲʣԪѭضߣԣһеϣȫ
ֹȫֳԪֵ֣ܹסϵͻ
Ԫָո֣ϵȭ
ֹ̣ͱͱ˿
䡱һը죬ֹ֮ǰĽԪ֣һȭ˻ȥҽ
ͷŽԪ֣ȻʲôʹࣻȭԪҽʹˣһӽֹûˣ

ֹҽг֮ģõӻһ飬ɫ̣Ҳ˿ûмӵİò˵ϲŭֱգ޲չʾŵӵľ
Ҳûãϵȭ£
ҽʱȻֹ
ŵȭִ£ֹȫѪǴӿУǴȫÿһëмǱϻҳġ
ӾôЩؿųϿҰһȭһȭЩɫųϵһһϵشѿٺȻɻҡ
Ȼӵòƺ䣬ҲУӿ糱ֻǳֹǸ߽ڣŰģȴǼֹǸ߽һ˭ҵĺɫֱӭֻǱըй©úɫ˻ң
ǰ˵ҪؼʱҪɽɽĺ׳ܴش𶯣Ҳûɽܵǰ
ֻʯ֮ӱ࣬ʯѾ˵ȭڰȭ
ֹӣһڴǲ򵥲Ѱ´ֻʣ˿˿ƣȫƤ⣬ȫɺԵĴأѿǹͷҲѿ
ᡭĹ㡭ģ㡭һ𡭡ֹþд˵⼸֣ӲϺɱˣҪԱųһȥ
Щ۶ﻹֹ֪ʲô⣬ȵûõģ
ֳڣھȭƴŷ׶°㣬Ȼ
켴һԲԲĶӵֱУ䵽ϣµµعԶһ˫ˮͫŴ󵽼Բ״ĶţԪˡֹ߽Ԫˡ
ӼѵؽĿԪ˵ߣٲŵڳϣֻһͷ紵ƮƮ۾Ÿոսɡ飬ֹԪҳȭͷ˼š
һɨɨ˴ڴļֹĲ״Ե
Сӵ
ϣȭ˼ղҳȭһȫͬյĸоҲҳȭƴһƴҸŶʮĶʮȭҲ⣬ֻصĸɣĪ˺
ǸղǾȭϵȫûиɵĸоɣɣ飬ֻ㣬ôңҶȭʮȭʮȭһȭ
ֻҪûһֱʮȭͷȥ
߶ԱȣҳʮȭͷһشʱϾͬһë
شë𣬲Զ
Ϊʲô˱仯
ţ˼άһ֮ȻףŴӰԼԼĵӣ뵽֮͡ǰȭһɽʱ򣬶ûǰ֮Уԡˬ֮󣬲ų״
ˣ϶ǵӵĹ͡Ϊջ񣬶ϲš
ӿŽסĳϣȻûпϵ۾͸ɱǣﻹЩССµģϾһܾȭ߽ˣҪȡҲ̽ȡ㣬׾٣
ͨеĳϣһŶأȻΪһļֹӵص±˳⣬һŴָĳڿգסԪһ룬һ̽װԪʯҶƷԪʯŵҩһ࣬һơ
Щ϶ûȥģĵֻһֹĿģͷħҩģڣڽ﷢һͦɵĴָһ̽ѷŵģһЩҩġ
Ӧþ˰ɡϴϲҩȡרŷһָЩҩʶֻȷţպŵαϱϡ
󣬳ֽɢĻʯռ϶ԸĻ״仯ܵķȤȻʯˣٻһЩۼԺ֮ʱĥĥ˵ˣʲôۼûУʯ϶ҲڱȽϸ߽׵ϣ
ʰһУǰֹԪˣ봢ָڣ󣬶ŵӼǰ
˿̣Ѿһƽž޲·ǰе𾪣й֮Զվ¶ϵЦ⣬˵лл㡣
ллңһ㵣ݳһС
ϻصлл㣬֧衣

ҡն似Բ磬֧ҵľõ

һԣĿģҪȴϰ˼һæţľľȻһֻľܹʸһ֣ˡ
ûȥȴһ⣬¶һģһ̧ͷųϣһţɱ˼ֹ
жķϣһΣҷߡжȻĿĲǰƾųһ֮УѰҪؼңƵľûʲôޣϾһΣȻǵҪɱֺ֣ҲòεȾ
ٴһЦ˵ǵأ



495 ֮˵
ǵ²أ
Ͼ׽仰׽һ˿˿㺣ǰӶ˵ҡȥԳơҪΪֹĻӦòԳΪɡȻԳơ¶ǱΪͣǴ£֮˼
˵뼫ֹĽ黹ҪΪ䱨ĵزɣֻһԼѣԼɢˣ
ųϵɻ飬ЦֹӦҪѰҵӦ֪ɣ
ϵͷ
㽫ֹɱˣϰɣ
ǳϡ¶ȻЦݣѾµҪ˵ʲôˡ
ٵȻ㶼ϣôͼֹԼҪˡ
Ȼ룬ϻصҰѰ
ǵġ
һõʲô⣿
Ӵӳϸտʼֻһ۾ͳ󣬱˲Ϊɫԣ֮òܲΪǡ
ԣ׼Ȼ˵ҵ֮ǰʲôʱ裬Ϊ裬Ϊ㴵
ϳĬҪ£ǻؼҵĻڶʱ֮ڻҪ˵һ㣻ҪرԵľͽǵ⽣Ӱ¾ǰʦĹ£һڰ¾ɱ߶ɱ죻־֮£Ҫͬ·˵ȥѰˣһбϣ
˵ϻûôʱȥѰ
ӼϳĬһССĳԾæ˵Σ͵裬ľˬôպܸĿ裬ľһң裬ԼĹԽߣԽܰľţѾᵽľĺôɣ
ٴɣеĶľĺôǳԣʵ˵˵ľ𣿡
ȻΪףȴϳϸͲ֪ãﲻЩʣô裬ûԼľ¶ģȴǿһΣƴɱпһΣľˣ˱ˣˡ֪ϴӳ񣬻ûϵͳɵĲͲһЩ֪ʶ⣬ȫǿԼһδεսһδεĸһδεĴĥһδεʹ࣬һδԵľġ
ľͨһ㣬ǳȥʡӿ˵壬ÿ˵棬ʣرǾٻ̫ʣ似ȵȣӰ죬Ϊľͨʣкܶ෽Գȥʲôĵرʲôʥл赤һЩҩԽ˵ľԪϳڣͨζ߾ȵȣͨ˵̥ǣһЩĵҩĵرȣڵʣܽѪÿһϸʶȥڣĻ壬۶ôܿ죬˵δ޿ɹЩĶֻѾˡ
˼ǿĵرˣʣʣЩ򣬸оһȴ򿪣չʾһء
Ӳ֪ǰվˣǽÿһϸʶȥ˵ˣֻ˲һǣϸûоӼ˵ԣҲ˵˼룬˵ľȵȣ˵ͬ˼һʣͲǰȥûеҩûĵرܼˣȫԼһһ顣е˿δ½ɽĺɽǳȵȥʣľеǿоĤݣеĿ黭Уٱ飬ȵȡ
һ£ӽ˵ЩŵĶܳȥʣЩǳͨǵµķʽҲܳȥʣڵطֵȣŴʮգУпսɱ¾ȥģ׷󣬿Ըȵȡ
˵ֻҪд֮д֮£д֮ȥʣʵϣô¶Ͳǵ֪׵ġڣܿ͵ȥʣȥʽʵ̫ˣҲÿ㿴趼ܹľлᣬҸʺܴ󣻱Щĥһӣȴδһľ˵õ̫ˡ
Ӷ˼ĳϣ¶ЦݣҪľĸʸɾ͵øؿѣҲ˵ҪҸ㡣
̧ͷҪ˵ʲôȴˣת˵֮⣬ǿ뾫Ĵȫ¶һ˵ޱȾȫÿһϸʶȥˣҲܴľޱȵľЩ޸֮ӾԣǵľпܾͱЩ佫ҪöࡣΪʱĴռıСԺԲƣԽΪԽǸǾĴȣԽҪˣΪӰԽΪˣľ滹ҪĻĴԲ
ֲãһָܣԭˣҪľҲҪǿǿ־ǿҲǿҪһ߶ǿǿͨ͸ҲľҪַˣղ˵Ҫľ͵ʱʱˣǣǾܵʵ
ӣʵӣÿ˵ľֻһַ𣿡
ǵǣ似һֻҪʺϵģѡ֡˵꿴ϵ飬ͻطͻȻֲĸо
Ȼֻӱһȭʾл֮˵ӣллղΪҽɴ飬պٱ
ҲҪպٱֻҪӦҵǸԼƴؼңӦѰҵ飬ѵͲ𣿡
ӣ㣬˵֮£ʵвԵĿԣܴӦ¡
ףû뵽ľܾЩ죬ĵ֪ͲˣӦԼٽĻпҲҽתˡ
ţʵʲôԣô˵Ҳ˳ʵõó֣԰֮һ
ΣգΣգһ뻹ţһҷˣҲҲĵԣ߰ɣƾҵһǿ˰Ѱ
˵꣬תȻȥߵɽǰһ˦֣һˮ˸ɽϣɽѣãȻ֪룬ڸǰϽ£ˣʲôԸɽǡ
Ͻʰɾ
ǣˣɽȫԸ̵ʱڣٶȽøɸɾƯƯɽ˵ţɫƣϽֹͣʹáƨ似ܿȥֻĿ꣬ǼأûмֹӰɽʵˣǸֹأ

ɽȫʣվ׼ɨսȴȻվһߵĵӣʱڵʲôˣʲôˣֻؿš
ӣųıӰš


496 ƣ¥
ϣΪȴޱȵؽֹҳȡԪˣֹ컹͸ص󣬵Ӷһ˵ֱͺѪڲߣҵĵ
ԣɽսȫʰɾҲһֽ뿪ֹ֮󣬵ӸǵǻһƤЦ
ŵӸں󣬸ɽҲʩչƨ似ֻǳ棬ǣתͷȥԼʥ࣬˵ôòӣͲӵеģԶ۶УҲˣɽ˵ĳݣ¥֪һԵʱ򣬵׷ʲôӾȻߣ˸ǲԸõӸߣ⵽ô¶˾Ȼܾӵ׽
ЩǸɽ˼ģͬΪŮ˵Ҳ׹ôģݵܾ
һͣס˽ŲͷԵ˵ңĻΣյġ
˭˵Ҹ㣿·ֻߣ߲ɣӽƱ޻˵תʸɽ̨֪ǵ𣿡
һ֮£ûзӦֱһߣɽŴӵлعϽ£ͷϴʩ似˵ֻһΣ´ΣͲøˡ
ɽϹӦţ˵źĻȴڴԩˣӵɲ˭֮ģǸŮҲڳ𣿡
һ飬ȴ˵Ҳ֪ˣ̨ҵȥ

ΪʲôҪ㣿ӿųϣ΢㴽ǡ
ûӽ˵꣬Ѿٴתˣ˿ûаԥ㵵λš㡱ƣﲻ΢΢ԹŭҾô𣿱Һһ·飬ȴ飬
ߡӱһߣҾͲˣʯģ
ÿһŮ˵ԣھɫŮ˵˶ĺӣܼתɲתǵҪ
ɽҲǲ̨֪ӽ˼ͳϲţԹԵ˵̨ǣʮǧǴı߾̨ڴϲԵ
ϽŲδͣȴֻƳٻؼҵļƻˣҪȻһμңһһֲ֪֮ľƱʲôӣܸϽƻȥ֮ǰһУпܶù
һڡȭͷҵս⣬Ըоһ˵ս⣬ʢһɱҵζ档
ųʱҲŽô죬ҪرԻǳ㣬ɵĿǰļʽҪס
ĺΣաһȰ˵
ܱ֤Լİȫ
ɣϢңҾȥһ飬㲻ҪңΣ
У˭֪ǲȥҲأԣһţ
ϴζϹܿףһŮҪ¶˾ģִǺѸıģöʮϰ
ǣϺܵغĪ˵һ䣺ѾŮˣңǣԣҲǵŮˡ
˻һӡɽסɽȻ򣬡ԭ˲ĸֲ֣ӡ
֮ȴЦԭԼϲң˵ǰңȳϳԷ񶨣ֵҵҵҵǿԼ㡣ˣе𣿡
УǾģ˭ҲȲ
ң
㣡
¶һģȴǳҲֱǰͬʱﻹһѵӵơ
׷ȥ˵Ҿ͸Ҫʶʶһ˶֮Ůˣ
ɽ
ǣˡɽϽܲǰ
·ȥĳǡ
ǣˡɽӦһǰ·
ʱ֮һˣ뼫ֹǣ֮󣬳ϲûֱ¥ջһ࣬ʲô˵ֻڴСתš
Ҳ֪Լò䶯ڽ֮ǰѾɴˣҲ˲ٵͽӸں
ɽĿĵתţԥ˺ܾãʾˣɽǻϤҪʲôҪȥҶԴ쵽һҲ˷˵ıʱ䡣
ϴʣɽУʹǿʼɡ˵ţֵݸɽһöָеʽ𣬻һ͸ġ
ɽæָ̽һʱĿɿڴǶѻɽԪʯԲ˵ˣۣģһѽ
ǰƷɱ˽
ֹǧãȴնɱɱ˽
ɽһӾͼ˼ɵأ־͹Ȼϲϴķӣ˵Ӧףº뿴ʲôʱ⣬Ҳջؽջصģ
ˣɽ߾ȫУ¡
תͷԸʱ䣬븻ɽһ𣬰ﻮУȥ㾶ֱȥС
ǣӣʡá
һнһ߽пʼڣѾ˰ɡĺУǶƹҲһпˣʱϣУﵽҪĿģ
֮󣬳Ͽǰһͦ԰ӣſڹӳŵмϣ̽ȴֲʧϵĴ֣¥
ſǰվżʩ죬˵ģɫ֮˵Ůӣӭſˡ
˾¥ʲôģԶ
һЦ˰죬ҵˣ켴첽¥ȥ
üͷһ壬Щ˼תһ룬ڼֹ˵ĻΪȥ¥ֵطȻҪĥԣ̹Ȼȥ
ɽԲ˵۷Ź⣬ţԭҲһڣǣڼֹʱôЩŮӶأЩŮ˿ɱЩŮģƯ̫ˡ
ֻһ£켴һЦСֶΣ뿪̫ˣΪѰֹĵطҶ˵¥ˡ
мƻǶ֪ߵſڣкʲôҲ˵ֱӴӴָóƷԪʯ͸ſˡ
ЩŮӣеƷԪʯЩ⣬ͻش߳һλӣ⡭ƷԪʯǡǽңԪʯ
¥ŮŻعȻʶƷԪʯȴƷԪʯļֵǼֱǽҿԱģǰδеģʮֵ飬һ˽ȥͬʱȥš
ܿ죬¥£֪һλͣƷԪʯСѴ͵ĺͣϰԴӭ¥Ůӣ׼úӦλ͡
ϰһλ̴ɨһȦ֮ʵӳأ
һλ˰ˡ
ϰԥһ£˵ȳȥкÿˣȥȥ
ӳ¥ͷƣ


497 
ƷԪʯСѣֱۣŵӣΪ߽ÿµƷԪʯӦҲŰ˿ѣɽޱȵسͬ˾͵һǧķţʲôʱҲڵӣĳ֣˷ѣ
ɣȴܲˣۣЩԪʯģֻҪܹȻǸµĵӣЩԪʯǺֵģ˵ˣԼӰɽԺеչ
ԣһ·ƷԪʯͶȥÿһλ¥Ůӣòϼѻƽ·СˣһƷԪʯ
ǺƷԪʯĴ̼֮£¥ˣԽԽ¥Ůӣϵߴӵǻкο͵¥ŮӣҲϣЦˣ˺ܴ󷽣һٽҵСѣһٽұһƷԪʯ˵ֱһ
ȻûЩ¥ŮӰߣֻҪһ߽ӵһ׷ΧڣҲȥʹ̵ǼصУ
Щ˵οǣǵءԹ޵ؿűƵĳϣЩ۾ǲˬɱĿҲɱ˵ĵزֻ³ϴʱѾǱ򽣴ˡ
ӣ
ӣȲ衣
ӣҰ硣
ӣҰ㴷ȡ
ӣҰȡ

ߴߴĸġֺ˵ڳϵĶߣ֮УĥԼɽ۷Ź⣬ЩΡءӿ򾲾ǶһϣʹЩ¥ŮӲȥӵһֱųϣԷϳûߡ
¥йǣ𣿡үƵʵ
ˣˣӣҰɣúŹӵģһùӾˡġ˵ŻŤСؿڵ·ŵøͣûһֱӱһȥӣ仨仨ʮ˰գ̽
ͨδڣ仨ֱˣһܽصŮӣ˵ƣһʱ䣬ӣҡڶֺһƬ
¥ĹǶ֪˭Ҫźôһλӣǵõĺôģټλӵģͦ͸Ũˡ
µؿţŵʲôӦʵϣѾˡǬ
¥һż䣬ϰƣѾÿţһӣһȴֲʧ޵Ůӣһͬϻ֦ţһƻǢ컵ķΧ
ڴˣӺЩˬ˵㣬ʲôû¶ĻͲҪˡ
ӵһԾڸˣɷµõ鱨¥ÿһһƷԪʯƵƤޱȺЦ˵ӣʵڲ˼ӳе㼱¶
ʲô¶ѵһ𣬻ҪӸǲˣӳҲɻҪ˵ʲôȴѾץסӳСֶӣȷЩܿͽӳͻߣ¡
ӳһļɫоץЩڰʾʲôЦ˵ӣӳһټ㹫ӻֻ֦񣬹Ӿ𣿡
˿ڣǲͻˣֲԸȴҲòͷӦʣȻֶһ䡰ҵ㡱
ż䣬ӳЩֵ˵裬ʲô¶ôӲҪҴӵֿǲ򵥣ǴĹԱ
Աһ㶣켴ֵģҲ˶Ĺ٣ʶٵҲ٣ǣҲʲôˡ
ӳҪ˵ȴ˵ղһλˣ֮¡
裬ȥλ𣿡
ǰ
ӳȥǺͿ£ҲȲһٵİѾ̽λԽꡭӳ˵ţѾˣȫȻûꡱ֣æ˳־ԪʯƷԪʯ
ӳԾһ£ȴԲΪȻ˵ʲôղųҲһƷԪʯӳЩ˳ȴƲ˵λһƷԪʯǵĽÿ˶һƷԪʯˣƯ˺üЩС˶ƷԪʯ

ӳһƵĻסˣŲɼӿ죬ƻ˵ţҪȥĻٻʮԪʯһԣӳٲԣȫżȥĳӣ׵ˣԪʯĽŲȻ
ļеˣû֣λӣȻ
ʱ䣬ƴӳǰ¥仨ܽ⣬ȫ˵ߣϻǰţŷƵĽܣӣ¥ͷƣӳ
ӳ˫ַʩһ񣬡ӳӡ
ͷƹȻһ˵ţͳʮƷԪʯӸӳӳļֱһԿţֱпƲסĸоӳСֶţҪʮƷԪʯ
ͻأﴫһȣܽӡ
˻ͷһǳӣӳϽ¶֮ɫ˵ӣʲô
ǣνļ£

¥ĹأɣɫܲƣǰΧοУ߳ĸˣ󣬶ĸ˵ΪҲǲͣǸ߽
֪ȴ˵¥һأ۸ߵãӣóʮƷԪʯ𣿡
ɫһ䣬һݣ˵ҳʮƷԪʯ
һƬȴЦݣ߶ţȻԽоԪʯԽֽͷϣ˵ӣӳʮƷԪʯӳ
ϴʱϵЦݣȴȫʧˣ۾𾪣תͷųӣҲɾһȻתŹӡ
˶֪Ϊʲôֱ߶ţ̫ˡ
˵񣬱ǰӣںɽոտӵģûб仯ģ˵оŷơ
ҲճӿĪ˼һֱǰ˺˵嵹Ĺϵʵ벻ӣʲôϵô񣿡
ӣӳҪˡ˵۾û뿪һͣһٿƷԪʯ
찡һٿƷԪʯ
һ֮еˣοͣǹȫɵסˣӿųϣȴûĸо۾ŭ𣻶ԺᵶᰮĳϣǺ޵˼㡣
ϵЦݣǵأ˵ӣ㻹ܳһٿƷԪʯļǮ𣿡
Է䣬ŭɣһ֣ĸ˱ȥڣӺݺݶԳ˵ѡ񣬷ˣߣ


498 ʧ
¥һ˲䣬ɨ˾ƣһ߽һнӳǸ˽ǳڻһŮӣȻΪӸƶϣҲһѡ
һµĸ߽ȫסơ
ԣΪһо֮еĳӣ˵һݻˣߣ
¥棬ΪֵģзǣϰٿԪʯг֮˵ΪƺԴȫһЩοǶϣܸŮ˵ˣһݺݵĽѵ
ϵ۾ȳϿڣƱ˵ӣҪ¥ˣҲȥ¥ʲôϵ¥£ǾǺͽȥ
״뱱һʵѹ֮ϣȻͷͱĳĳɵĳĳ˭öˣƴʱ˵ҲţΪͷѾѹסˡ
ȻһЦ˵˵Ľǽ𣿡
ô󵨣Ȼֱ
ߣվǰҲҴССɫѾСˣϽȥ
ĸѾվ˳ǰ¥ǣȫɢԶԶģ˵ƷԪʯˣҲȥðֻʣ·ӳվм䡣
ӳûϵ鷢չ˵زȫڲû뿪۾һٿƷԪʯպõؼʱ̣ԪԣЩԪʯڱصãӳתԳ˵ӣ£ӳĲãӳպһӡ
һȥ˵£Ůٲ죡Ӻֶ꣬Գ˵˵ģվŮ˺档
ʲôҶ˲òɽӢµվ˳һҳūͣΪˣģȻΪɽ֪Լˣʲôı£ֹҳοǰֻСϡ
нҲšһѾ֣һǻƣֱɽԴɽҲʾɱ˽̵ֱɱ˽Ʒóϳɱǧˣɱ˽ŨѪζɱ
һͬʱʮ֣ɫ˲ɫļԱһҲϣ
ɽһнȻ߽Ķ֣һƷײ͵ɱ˽ҲΪɽˣ϶ᱻյĿȫǣճһغ̿
Ȼʵȴģȫ෴
ļǻƣ븻ɽԴ֣֮ʱǵĻƣȴȥҲǰ÷ֺɽϵһĻ㣬ֱɱ˽˵ĵλãҪ̽ȥʱɱ˽ȴƣ˰֣ŵ˽ȥ
ұ˼ͻ䣬Ͻƣˣɽ齣׸ղɱ˽Ϊʲô˰֣˵һΣͲôˣ
˿ɽı飬ȫ𾪣ЩĻԹ޵οǣһʱ־۾ĹŹ֣ղļǻƶûնȥȫнԭ򣬡˭أ
ų˳ϣĿӵǻ˵ӣȵҳˣضѪծѪ˲£֣
ҡ֣ϵģ΢΢һĻǳЦ⣬ǰ֮ƣӵĵ˵仯ڳӵᣬҲóɹ
϶ӳ˵ҳһٿƷԪʯΪģ㽫̺ˣٸһٿƷԪʯָŵӣóһٿƷԪʯϡ
ӳˣ۷⣬켴ܲˣȥӳӣӵĳҲӳϵϣתƵϡ
Ц⣬˵ԶԶ仨¥˵ͬеˣҲµģϲ֣ԽԽģֻҪΧܶһԪʯ
¥΢ǰ󲿷ֵ˻ԥ
ϼ˵˭Ҫժ֣һƷԪʯ
£𣬸ǰȥ
˭ҪЦһµĻƷԪʯ
С
е¥ٶȣΧȫһ˸ˣҲ治ԾҲ;䣬۾һֱڵϡ
ʱ
ӿϵΪɺЦʹƣֻҪϢӲˣ
ֵһƬ֮ʱ洫ˡ
ȻΪԪʯʵ̫΢ˣһˣ߽¥ĳһ㶣ֿӣһ㶱һ첽ߵӵǰʩһ񣬳Ӿֱ˵Ҫô˸ˡ
ǣӡԸȥ
ϽһжӳһöָȻøɽΪ֮ϢһʩչϢȫʧһһΧ۵οСУаٱһ䣬ϵӰȫʧˡ
ڳʩչϢһ䣬ϢޣΪԾæվǰλãǣǸλտҲ
ôʧģ
ûΧһȺݺݺ࣬ȻվһŸɽأ
ɽҲãȻ֪룬Ȼ˾ߣĲ֪ôʧģȴŴţӸĴָкöԪʯ
վӼˡԴˣ߽һΧȥ
һߣΣϢһ¶š
³ǰĽˣ͵סӣЩ¥ҲΪ
ӵûôȣˣֻǸȷ֮ǰ룬֮ǰĹŹ֣϶ŮΪ
ɨ˼飬Ȼûκη֣Ͽʱ״תӡ
߽Ͻǰ棬ʵǰ֪С
Ӳ˵ֱǰߣˣǳҲٴУðһŻ棬ɫʺɫﻹȵԣǳҲӲˡ
ң׽ţ˵ңҶԳ˵ⷬˣǸ֮⣬ңѵҲǳ֮𣿡
ȺУһ˫۾ųϵĻ棬˫۾ȻڳϵģϿǻ棬Ȼƽ𾪣ȴžκˣΪŻЩϤĸоǼªʱĻ棬ƣ˵䱾ʣһģ
ҺйϵɣһǼȨƵҹӣҼңϲԵһƫƧСɽ壬桭ϴ⣬ȥ֮ǰҪ¶һ顣
ʱϻѾʧϵŭҲ


499 ɻ󣬷ŭ
ǵĺҹΪ֣ƻͨǣСﶼ̸Ǹ¥ƷԪʯһǧĺͣ²
ס˳Ӳ֪Գ˵ʲôȻ̤շȥ˵ŵӵɽչˡƨ似ַ˲Ԫʯλһ˷ã⣬ӳ͸˳ӣ¥ɽ˽¥οǣ˵¥Ŀˡ
ɽ˵ˣƻŵӵԭ򣬻Ͼ֮һܺ˸ɽǰһ֮ɽȴûĽֻµʱ䣬ѹ൱ԣһᣬ֪ƨ似ʩչûԲ磬ֺóӣ˳ߣɽ˳ɽԪʯ·ϳɽŸŵӣܽӺø߸˵ģҲͶԸɽ飬ɽдҲһһʵ֡
йغɽһɽɽϢ󣬱صΪ׼ʷţǴбڣţһ㿴һˡ
˭ôģȻţȴǲңɵ̧ͷ֮󣬳Ӷʱȳ۾ǲ˼Ŀ⣬Ӽأ㵽ʲôˣ
Ĺ°ɣ
£ʲô£Ҫҽʲô£Ӿ񱻴ĳһýʵҲֳӣ˭ͻȻ俴һԼʮƵˣַʽ龰£÷
ˣȻǻָ˱òĳϣϵ˵ǳô񣬻һϵû𣿡
ʲô

ܣҴûôһˣ
ңʲôĳң
ң󽫾֮ңӳź˵ţƺܸһ㰲οΪѾоԼӣһεסá
˵˵üͷԲΪһ󽫾֮ңһ׼Ҵ֮ңʲôϵҪĲʵ̫һ֮ϣһڵ֮¡
ѹ֮£ȫûз֮ӱѹúһϢ֮зӿԽԽ壬·Ҫٲ˵ͻᱻˣȻ˵ǳֱϵҪȡ֮󣬽֮أ
ҪȡѾ˵ˣʹ˵ɣƤ֮ࡣ
ӿףͺԼͭƵģֻ˫۾ԼϬԥһ£˵渵
ų˵ҵĹʷһƽ񣬼ӣŻʸҵλŻѪնݺ˻ģɨϣǾ˵ŬĴңĺ塭
ϸоһУԼʮǧ׼ҴգΪѰҩβȵȣͲأҲûȤȥӽгԺգʵ˵Լδĳƣֻٴηųֻ棬ȷ󣬾ǵڴʱżųĻ桭
Դ˳ǰ˼⣬ʲôҲʵش˵ǵɽ鿴ƬɭΪʲôʧһݣһ£֪µľֻǾܳģͷʳҽʱûʲô£ҡҡͷ
оʲʲôû˽׷ԽӺͿĳƴߣҹɫУһѾտҲ૵һ䣬Ҫ˵¶ǰһǸ˻ص˳ҡţİˣ˭񣿡
Ҳ벻ף׼Ȼص֮Լ˵һ˵
ҹɫֱȥĳϣȴ͵ͣס˲ӣ˵û뵽ˡ
ǲȥһˣ빫ӷָĺˡһöһϮƮߣǵӡ
ڴ˼϶Ѿڼֹʱģ˵Σգǹ⡭
۹ӡЦ紺¥оϿʱ˵һźˣȺڳȻˡ
ˣǾ͡˵ɡ
£ϾͿԪԴԴϵṩһšǬȥ磻Ӽ˵߾ߣһ˿ҲһգҾͲţ׷㡣
̤շڿգ׷ȥ
տʼӻܸϣǵ棬ʱ֮󣬽ֻǳԪ̫ͨǿĵӣЩˣȻ󣬵Ӵӿ£ʼ׷ӴʱѾ۵ùǺɳϻǾٱٶȲ˿δڿԾ
ɫƴˣ˦ңƫƫóѣӴӴָͳһֻƿϧؽĵҩһԶ˽ȥһӴԪ𣬵Ӽ̤׷ȥڿеĵӣʱһ⣬˳ϸͲɣ
ԭΪûе硣ţΪԻˣΪʵȴȸ߽Ϊֲ
Ժܷ֮󣬵ӸӼᶨҪľģЩռĵҩжȫ̷Ԫȫ׷ϡ
һֱţֱ˱ĵؽ磬˽һ±ĿǰľƣŷٶȣһС򣬻û뷻̽Ϣܵ˶ҷѣɱһ¡
Ϣϵ㶴ˣɱˣҷѣϵ۾絶â۾ŭϵɱܿƵй¶һͷȺֱӽ˵˶ס˶ٸȫ߹ĳϣֱĲѣ˵ղ˵ģǼ٣
ǰС˸ղ˵ĶģаԣϢ£ȫˡ
˭ģ
ǰͲС֪ˣԣе˵ɲһɱӺҲе˵һģ
ںδ
ѾǱңڶǡ
㻹֪ʲôϢ
ڱһռš
أ
У˸оŨɱ˿ɣҪشò⣬ûˣԣʾ֭ͻһ˵һץ֮ˣΪǵǸߣŮ
ץ֮ˣһ㵣켴׹һģ϶Ǻھ۵⣬ΪھۿĻòּϢر仯ֻǳЩ벻ףһô˿϶ǸԨ
ϲ֪Ϊھһ棬Ѿȥ棬˵һС


500 䵱ĥʯ
վڵϢܱȵĿ˱£һƬ֮Уɱ
ΧˣɪɪѣǴʦ佫ɱ֮£ĶѣҶһɱ
ʱ䣬ǵɫһƬ԰ף֧ŲסʱתȥŶǵķȻǱ㿴ų߹ǰһЩݡɽʯأֱӱɱӲޱȣһԱߵľɽʯ֮࣬ȴǻһֱӷٳޡ
һһ߽Ȼ
СˣӶ㱻кһˣܲб죬ֱӵأԹȥ
ԽԽ죬ֻüһӰƬؼ䣡
ߺ󲻾ãڸϵСģأԴһϽѯﵽ׳ʲô£Щ˻ûлָֿܷڿеǿ£кԵӵѯʣǽղŵ£ʵ⣬ϵòȵȣȫһһʮ˵˳
Ӳû׷ȥǱĿǱ𽻲ڵ磬أüоЩĴڣƺЩ죬ıһǰЩ棬͸šǱϢ
һڵ֣ףҪ֪𰸣͵üٴնȥ
ڱġ족Գ˵ֻһǱǻĺ޻ɳ֮أʦп޳Ǿͱɱζĵıζ֪ζʱںδʲô£᲻ᱻǹռɵ׷ɱȵȡ
ңңҪңΪǵıѣѪĴۣ
ζһҵģҵġ
ЩңԼ״̬ܲԾʵڲɱʵʺͺʣ򣬻ӣ˭ôɡ
һ
㲻ǣһҲѲ˸ϵ˵⻰ʱԺȴֳǸνҲֻһ뵽һڴʱĶڵͷųȫתǬԼ侲Žô
һңעֻͽ޹ǣҲȥʦ֮ҪָһҪ𣬾͵ýǰһֳĺ䶯䶯ȥƾһڵǿ󣬻ЩֶΣֻҪ̶̵ʱ䣬ܹӰһڵĵλ̩ɽ֮ǰһУȫȻ׷ѡ
ָʦ֮͵ʦ֮֮£ˣһģһ淴һڵģ˵Ǹ뵽⣬Щ΢ֻͻᱩ¶ҪӦһڣ
һ𣬳ϵĿᶨ㱩¶ֻһڵĥʯѵӷ켴۾һȻܽʦ֮£Ȼܽһ֮£ԸһҶһڵԹޣȻô󣬿ɱһڣЩ㲻ʲôңܴеõ棬ÿѰҩݣϣԪʯһ࡭
ϱţٶҲû˶ϰ֣ӵĿ죬ų侲һһĻ棬Ҳٳ֣쳣״׷ĵӣ쳣ʧ֪øδСϴϢüһɨҾȥҵţйϵ˴ŭ֪㾿Ǻˣںδӵ²ܣֱȥ
Ѿȫ˵ӵĴڣ˼ţҪһ֮£򲻵֮ʱͲܱ¶Լ似ʽһ¶һھ֪˭ˣ֮Ҫһڵ似ͬʦǱߵ似ҲҪ뿪γϵϧʦûǬڵ似
˼κ󣬳Ͼһ֮ʱʹýԪʦʱʹûԪ󣬳ȡһڣȡХʱջĴָһڵ似ĴָֻһΧĻ似ʮʽȻʹǻ似ҲƷХĴָҲһ似ննȴǵؽƷŵܵĴǲһ
ڶľŹʱȴûʱȥϰ
һ߿񱼣Ѿһ似Գ顢ʶ似ᣬǹɼִţʮʽѶȲ̫
֮󣬰ʮʽѾ˶ʮʽֻ°ʽûɣٶȣǷһڣҲǳ֮ˡ
һ죬ϵ˵һɡٻڡ
һԾڰٻڵĴſڣٻŵĵӣһ߽ʿѣ˾ͿԿٻʵһСòСɣҲǶߵֻаٱ佫Ϣͣн磬ݷǳͨ
ŵֱӱѹס˵ȥ
ǣǰ
ŵӵײײ˽ȥϲûȺ򣬸˽ȥ
һʱ䣬ٻڵʰٻ°ӣǰٻڵͷ׷أΪȴֻǳѣٻϣһҾأǰ
ûϻֱ˵ǵҩݡԪʯ޺˵ȵȱȫ
ٻɫ̱վ˵ǰȻΪҸߣҰٻҲô۸ģһ˴㲻ϰһΧҲܽ
ϰˣֻϰٸˡ
ǰǲҪ˵󻰵ĺãҰٻڽнʮ꣬ҲȥܴҰٻڡͷԽ˵Խţһֱ֮ȡһһʽն£ٻֱæ൲âҶ԰ٻڵһ𣬡һ֣
Ȼո£Ѿնưٻķննļ򣬶ʱٻڵһûп
ٻססѪֱۣԾ־岻ѣҲǰηĿ⣬ųϡ
˵Ƿ㻹ţһǰǲǷʲô˵ٻڵȫһһڣ
ٻϸղһȷһڵĽȻ˵֪ǰ
ٷϻٲҴɱ䣡
һٻﻹ뷨һڵ˭˲£οһССɣٻϽһж˳
ȷ佻֮һһԾ˰ٻڣٻ˶ûлع顱һϽŵӳȥһֻٻڡ֣ŴڣѾһá
ٻҧȭһѪŭһڣ̫ˣ


501 Բߣ
̰ٻһǿ֮ھ죬Ҳͬ
ŵСĻ˵Ƚǿһнһԣֻнĳϣǿһûлš
ʲôˣôĿҴǿ֮£нѾʮʽĥ͸ĳϣȻᆪ£һƽһȴһ֮£絽нǰн󺧣˲ȫëըнΪޱر
ǧ֮һգۼ䣬ϵĽѾնĶ䣬Ѫӹâ˸罦˲Զһ
ƴտʼѽǸûзӦֱоѪϻ£׾ô¶
ѾعԭվλãͺղһƵģ
ȱһֻнֻֻŸ񵲵Ķ۾ɫȴűȻ֪ʲô£˼նĶ䣬նԴ
ٲȫ
ҡ
нӵ˷ϵĴָµӣŵĴأȫ˳ڴţϳҪҩԪʯ֮࣬Ҫ˴ŵ似
󣬽ţƮȻߡ
˴䣬нŭѣһڣô꣬ҴΨǴӣΪ㻹Ҫġнֻ˵һġġ֣ȴôҲ𲻳˼һڿŵĶнʲôȥƴеԹޣȴޱȵŨ
̶һ¼䣬ϲ֮أнʮɣܵһڵǿ֮£۴СǸ߽ΪģСи߽佫ģһգ似
Ϣܿʹһڣһڳ϶Դ£𾪣һϴ𣬡˭˱ӵȻҼ޻һڣֱ
±봦ȥȻӿɵķŭҲͦ鷳һ¶
ȥ˸ץ
˭ȥ
ǵõϢнΪֻһڵĻ似ʮʽͺɨʮɣ߽ҲĶ֣ΪԷһҪɳнǰȥ׽á
ЩҲ̫ˣһ似ʤ֮˱ӵ˵ţһڶԺ˷ҲпԪۺ񣬰ʮʽȻʽ򵥣ɲͬʩչЧȫǲһģ
ˣץһвˮʯ𣿡
ô
˵г̿϶ӱԵģ·ϣȫСɣ΢ȽϴһɱţɣȥǸˣãû
ãô죻⣬һ£ץߣѾˣҪץȥ𣿡
ץھûзǾһֱץ
ˣ˵˻᲻ǹйϵ
˵пܻУѾڶңǹ͸ЧûʲôϢ
ǸħӣĻû𣿡
һʳ⣬ȻһӳӦ𣬲һַ֮Ƶĸо
һŶȥϲ֪ڲûмҪ·ǿȥУ֮ضȥΪϵõһϢ֮صУͻȻһʮɵĶңѾ̳˲ˣŪĻ̻̣һƬĳû뷨ɱкͿ£ܰÿץʮˣӵ̳ԣʹЩն磬ı
Ϣ󣬱ٶȣҹͣȥһᣬħʦĻᣬȻ
ҲǿԪ棬ŵʮȡ֧һ¶ͣĿ񱼣Ȼʩչľ㣬ûںɽһһƬĻɽѰ֮أȡһС飬ȡС顭
󣬳ϱ糾͵ĸϵȴǳôвʵڲԸ뿪İҲЩߣõϢĴΪճ󺦣ȻԴ˳ģµģ
ֻǣۻʲôĿĵЩ棬ΪߵģҲ߽ѣЩǿ߶ûϢǱչԸЩ֮´ǵϾЩ˵߸ϵǣûаԪʯĹϵ
֮ʱպôԾȫˣȻ˷ܵؿХһֱ֣ȥţΪͷ
ʮ㣬䵽ϣһ˽УΧ˲ԣΪһˣȺ˷š
﹭˵ҵĽʯѾ˴ɣܹɽʯһС߶ѣͲ㡭δ˵꣬ͻˮ˳𣬶ˮУȻһ˶ͷѸײڶ֮ƣղˣ̽߿ڡ
ţǳβһ˰ʮˣʮ˽ߣͻȻϮӦҲ൱ݣУŶ
ǣЩԶ˵ûʲôЧǹ߿ҧ£֮ҧϣȻ̽
һĻѪײޱȣΧǣ۾ſ־壬ûǰǸɫֻڰʩչżΪȴʵôҲû似
һκϰ׿룬ܶߵḶ́ûôԶֻܿŶҧһһˣ˼֮󣬺ˮУߵǣҲ±˽
˵ԶȴȻûӹһ٣ӽٴðʱʮˮЩˮѪζˮȥƼ죬ʮ㣬Щˮߣ˲ķըѪ׷ס
һֶ֣ȥʮ˵ǵ⣬ͷ쳤ХⳤХУһӰͻɱȥ
һǹ֣ɫâţһֱȣƣ
ɱ֮ʱĿһݣй֮Ե콣Τ룡
Уſһ£һˮϮȥǹơϣͻسסˮ
ˮˮ̫̫࣬٣֮סˮϮضȥΤ벻ˣһɱǰȣƣƣƣ
ǹմ֮ϣȴȻû˶ۣŭˮ³ִ֮Ѫ߿ڣҪΤڡ
ΤѾмܲסۿҪ̽߸
ʱһȣϷڴˣΪ
ǴӳϿкȳ


502 ħ֮
ϾȻӰ׹ذ㣬һǹ⣬գ֮͵˶ǰ
һһӣǿҪ̽ѪΤ룬ͱ˦˳ȥߡ
ͬʱȭһ𣬾˲ľڿд죬ͷͷ¡
ֻ˲֪꣬Ѿ΢ͨޣȻоΣգٰڿգӼҪˮȥıʶоֻҪˮ˾ûа취ˣ
ڿȥʱ򣬶βȴˮˣֱϡ
Ϸ֣㻹ӵˣ
һЦٶȸ죬оһɽѹɢޱ˵ǿϢӴҲڲܷӦأſѪڣϵֻȭͷҧȥ
ڶԴѾˮϣϾҪûʱϵȭͷȻҵ
䣡
ؼһ죬ֱ֮ǧ֮ˣ˽Χ˸ͿҴ󲿷ֶûлعֻǱͻһĻסˣ㶼ɫ
ֻһĲҽӾд
¡¡¡¡
ƴĳֱôضޱǿನһ֣ǿҡҶ׷ɣսˣվסӣᡣ
ضɽҡ֮УѪĶֱߣȵá顱֮һСһʱ嵹һǺȻͷ
һһ룬мը
֮УͷȥֱǸӰˮУкɫƣһˮðУץסߵĲӡ
͵һ߳ʮɵ͸ϣҲãȻֲޱȣټһ֣һˮǳӿֱǰеǣͻ˰ߡ
һУڵʯ֮䣬Τոڵϣվ㿴Ƕ׷룬ˣҲӿ޸мղһʲôҲܣǹɱȥûȣֻѾ߸ʳ
İǣڻعϲ֣ţɱˣɱˡԽԽ࣬۳㣡
ͻأЩŵȺųϹߵ֮˵ţˣǰǵĶˣǵĸǡ
ڸж߿ӵһҲڸжиǣ۾¶ģȴޱȵؾ壬һȭһȭʹ˶ͷ­һΪĹ
ȻЩߣΪ£ܲϵΪϢǺӰǵĲ²⣬ϴʱǷڿУǶֻ֪Ϊߣ̤նС
ѹѹֵ֣Ⱥʱѻȸϵ˵ͷΪ֮ãҾͽѪֳˣǿ壬٣͵ǶԴҵĲˡ
˵꣬˻֮ʣϾʹܳһɻ棬ȻǺɫ棬һܾʮɣȫʮ֮󣬳ϽƮڿУָһϰٵâֱֳ顣
ȻЩǡô⣬ֱɵ˵ǰЩߵȻ׳ĺôϽЩߵл֮󣬿ʼ̻ʡ
⼫ζ磬ΤҲǽǰ˸ɸɾ۾һֱžĶˣϿ˳ԵøˣشЦ˵ط粨ƽˣϷȥӣ
ǰ֪ǰմý֮ġΤߣϽһЩԵ𾢵İǣҲٹ˿֮ʳȵˣҪΪλýҵǡ
֮Ͷѣҳݣ
棬ȻǳߣĲһ˺𣬡𡣡
ЦݣΤ˵뾪İĳˮղһǹԴ̱ۣ֮һṉ̀ͷ­ԴƴأƲ񷣡Τ뵱סϸϸ˼ų˵Ļİĳˮ
˵֮ҡҡͷ̤նȥЩ˼ˣţţϵӰȴûͣ£ȴƮ˳ϷħӣչΪնΪ⣬ֶʳ֮գա
ӰнԶ˵ߣɸղǾ仰ص˶ţħӣԭ˽ħӣ죬ȥҵʦҪȥλ
࣬ҾãҪλٵһߣĤݣԱǵĸж֮飬ͬʱϣӵƽ
ҪһҼﻹʮңȫ
ң
ҡ
һȺͳǮЩߣ䲻֮ˣҲǷ׷׽ΤǽֵָǮȫ˳
飬ǲ֪ˣδ䵽˵ϣĻòͬʱ֥ɺȫս޴ղ̤֮նУȫǰ˰֥ɺĹͣЩɫ棬֥ɺĴڣϳǰʱȻħʦݣңΪͷԣ̽ʵ
º󣬳ϲûͣͣ㣬ϲ񱼶ȥǱһڵӵ֣Ҫװȥ߿ţϱ˵ħʦţҪ˶ãᴫƬذɣ֪һڵõϢʲôģ
ʵϣϢĴȳĻҪ죡
˷ۼǣ֮󣬱ֻصǵɣǼǻɵģģΪ˴֮Ϣĳ򣬡ħӡ֣˸˵Ķ
һʮʮ٣ٴǧǧɣʮɳĶҲ˰ɣһˮɽһȭ򱬶ԴҲһָѪ˷ʳ֮
ԣѾħӵ󽥱񻯣
ڵΪЩɣħ֣İ׹֮УΤص콣ţһһ㴫ȥ콣ŵλ̫ϳϣټΤ룬ΤѵʱȫһϸҲ©˵ò࣬˵ʽγеȵȡ
ΤȻһһʮ˵ȥ϶˵Ǿ䡰İĻҲԭԭһֶأ˵˳
콣̫ϳʱû˵һ仰ȴڵӿžΣźˣκΤ˵ȥɣ컯ú˼ǰ˵ĻҪǰһƬ
Τ빧ӦȥȴΪ̫ϳҲλħǰţħǰǺηʥ
̫ϳϵΤ뿪֮ȴһֱ߶ţˣûûһڵ׷ɱ£ʲôϷڴڴһڲͷϣѾˡ
һ̫֮ϳַԸ콣ŵţΤΪ洫ӣһҪ
콣ŶõħӵϢһȻҲǣõˡ


503 ɽ
һδƽһ
һڸոٿ곤ϻᣬðһڵӵ鴦£ûлִ˹ڡħӡϢϢ֮ǰǸϢ˰ٱֹ
һأ취ģȻǳϻᣬλۣھһ桢ᰡʤ֮ˡ
ĬĬպЩѹ֡
ʤʵ£ħ𣿰ɵߣװ£
߿ܱˣħȴеģôۿ
ħӣƷϵǸħǵĻôӽصԨӳȥģ
ͬһˣܵжأҲۿˣô˿ľͻָأ֮˵ţھһۣ˼˵ھ۶ûлָǸôָܻˡ
ҾҲǣ϶˽ħ֮һڲˡʤ˵ǰЩӣǸʲôٽһڵ֮ǿЩССһ˵ߣͬһʤҲû뵽֮䣬ͬһͬһˣϾ£ֱء
ʤⷬᰡ֮˶΢΢ͷʾͬ
ھۿһЩ˵Ǹܻ˳Ծ顭ھϽֵһĻһĻ֮塢ˮеȵȣȻ˵ԣǲҪģųħӾͬһ˵Ŀܡ
ҪҪȥʾᰵĻû˵꣬ͱһˣʦڱչصĹؼʱ̣һδţѾʦˣˣһξٴʦУ
ǡ˹˵ǳݣĳݣһ˵Ǽ٣ҪħӸնɱˣǰնɱһΣͬնɱһΡ
ȥʤ˵ҸպÿԳһʱ䣬ܲԼнʾѾ˶ʮˣ
һھһۣһӦãȥ˳㽫ҲɽȥһʵΪȶ
ǡ
УҲעһɵ£ܾº֣ҷѵ⣻һڵӣѰͷ
ǡ
һö⣬ھٴһʤ֮ʤʰһűͻƲõĳһɽֱȥ
ŵɶҲõħӳϢ벽˵ʦ㣬Ҹоħǰ϶ڱ׵ˡ
ɶûлشӭű˪
˵һ˵ѾɽǰȥնɱˣʲôҪ𣿡
˵ǸôɶˣΧ߷˪һ仰סˣڵʵֵܵסһ𣿡
ǡ
һڲֻǱ¶һʵҲһʵʵ֮һ

ɶ˵ȥɣٵ£˵ɽһģڴ£зִ磡⣬ӽʱⱱܿͻ컻ˡ
ǣʦ㡣
ȥɶƲɽ߷ȥһһڱ˪ѩ֮УһֻȻֱ˴˵ĸо·ɶˣǱ˪ѩ
ǰħ֮ڱ½ϣҲǺպϢҲ˴Խأһòªϸ·¥֮ʱħӵϢʱڵܿʱһƬ˲֮󣬷ɿնȥ䵽һ˼Ŀչ£ץסŮȥ
ͬʱһһŭţħӣħӲôֳƻǵļƻɶ񡭡
˿ûжħӵη壬һЦ˵ħӳ֣˵ǿǰһһڴӴˣֻҪͷöˣϣħӣܹһڴ鷳ǾͿ֮ˣ⣬ǰЩ죬ҵõһϢһһڵӣһ֮ǿССɡ
˿϶һڵӡ
ǣֻҪôҾǣһһڵˡ
ʲô˼
㲻Ϊˣֵѧϰ𣿡Ц˵Ҳɳ֣ðһڵӣĴǿ֮£иΪ֮£һڵĵӣͱ鲼ڱ׽֮ˣѾǵò˷ŭˣһټһͻͰһڸˡ
⣬УһҪǸðһڵӵҳǡ
ǱȻģǸ˽·ߣӦŷǰһѾнǰ׽
нǵĵ̣ע޻ذǰ⵽ʧ٣μƻƻ˲ٻأһأǿҪúһƱˡ
˵꣬ͬʱЦ
һߣ޿ĴѰҳϣĪħӵϢ󣬴ܣҲ׷ѭħӶȥʴŲٵӣѰһ֮켴ʼӽʱָΪͬʱ˼źʾȥ˺δΪʲôûһϢ
ζѾִﺣŻأʼźŵĹģϹܿҷһҷÿץһ֮ˣϹܿҪȥ鿴һ£Ƿӻȥǵ·ϣѾߵ˳ǰ棻Ǹɽпţӡ¥Ĺǣ㶼֮Ϊ
УƮɽϣǰؼҵȴǰ׹ǵ˵Ļأ׹ҲǵʮˣѾչ˶ˣȻֻˣȴǾϸѡĥɱ֮ԣ׹ǰ٣ʵȴЩǿӰȥٵɽʮϵ
ƮɽϣϣȾƻȭ轣ڶλ׹ߣһλӢ֮꣬ԣһɫŮӣˣ˾ͽã˱ѰӰţڻԵɺ֮£ʶ˼˰׹ǰ󻹳˰׹ǰľʦ
ϲ֪һѾնɱðħӣ֪ɽϷ£֪һªϸ֪һѾصϲһڵ֮ǿһɣŶƽԽԽ
һλнţŻûбһʮֹ˽ȥλ̹Ȼ֮ȴûע⵽ǹɫ֮£һ˿Ц
λн֮УҲ˵ħӵϢɫЩ˻һɽĴţЩһתƻ˵һ֮ǿˣôûţǵõŵϢɣ
Ӧòᣬǿǰ
ֻҪһҾҪʬΣ
ǿɲУܽŪˣڽϣνʾڣе˶ףһڣûк³ġ
ʦ˵ò
˵ţͻһܽ˵λǰˡ仰ЦͬʱȵãҵҪ˭


504 ʽӣ
㾿ǺηСȻðһڵӣ
ɽ֮ǰһһнƽĳ˵ɫ¶պѹɱҪֱӽֻһнΪĳϸѹڵأ
ȴϣػ˻֣һֻӬ죬־ȥһ㡣
ǣһ֮УϱʮںĽԪ
ʱ֮䣬ǵ첻ѣЩѹɱȻ޴棬ǽԪâû˶ɢǼٳ
н״ɫ䣬æֵһһײϽԪâը죬ԭнȻҲûкˣֻͷըЩˡ
𾪹âôҲûҪǰ֮һӣǵ˲֮Уʵ㡭ʲôˣ
Ȼһڵӣ˭һ԰飬ȫȻһڵƽʱڱʱһģһ
˵нȵܣһôĵӣһ£ʵðһڵӴﵽʲôĿģ
ұģαðأ
ҪһڵӣΪʲôûм㣡
ϼЦһ˵Ǿֻ˵һ⣬ǡǼٵģ
˵ġ˶Ȼ
𣿡
Ȼǣ
Ǻãǲһڵĵӣ
Цƾ㣬ǣҪʶ࣬͸оģһһн˵ǲˬŭѣҪ˵ȥȴٺǷϻὣն
ȽһУһʽ
ʹ۵һ似ɰһʽ֮У̺֮Ǿ;ԷͬСɣǳǾ׼ĿƶȣֻǰƷܲסˡ
£ֱʹýԪһûͬʱ֣ףһн͸ǣԶһԶ٣һڵɾŸˡ
ںȴǽ䱸Ͼղһ֣̫ǿˣԣҲȫԸóƷһĽ٣㶼ǹʹá
һŨĽԪƵԪ˵ȳǿ˿ɲֹʮʮܽԪӿ
䣡
նڳϣǱƷֱڳϴ볤ļл֮£鿪ҲϿУֱҲ÷飬Ҹоһɹζ
ûмоȥϵѾ٣ΪʤȯգȻҪʤһҼðһڵӣ¡
ҲͬΪΪ׶༪٣Ͼڴ˿٣ͲԶˡ
ȻϾǸ⣬еٴξۼһػһƷкȵڶʽʽ
ֶһѱһݣټʽ似£Ź⻪޵СҲڱǰţ
죬еıֶˣһҲǷУǱ棬ǰûȥֶɹ
ֱָϵ㻹𣿡
ȻУ
һڳУƷӹȣóķƷôһһߣ֮࣬нƣͣӰ档
ϲ˷Ԫעڱ֮ϣдȣʽʽ
ӲӲĶն
飡
նʮʽΧĽӰѾնӰն˳ǲԸˣòˣظоǽԪȻûĽԪǽԪȴĪҲΪնˡ
÷Ľȥһƶɽһնɽɽ
нϾнֻܽЩֶΣֻѪһڳ֮ϣȵжô죬ҪϷնϣ
ʮʽ
˫սֻ㣬ӿն£ԹأӲӲ
䣡
һը죬飬ˣģ̤һӷתӿֱ⽣Ӱ£Ȼס˽ĹâܵĿ类˱ҡ
ͬʱЦͲţ㻹óƷ𣿲ܵĻ͸ȥɣ
ܲ˼ҸպþһƷķ
˵ֳһѵ
ûãһƵðɣ˵ϻصûã֪ˣ
˲תɵͻط֣õý˳֣ǰʮʽӦñŶԣϰ֮Уʮʽն£
ƬƬ⣬һĻ˺һ㡣
ͬΪƷƷһȻô顣
ԽɱԽһһͨ似ϣȻ˴ǹĵؽƷ似ΪнǳΪʲô˵̺ܴھԵǰ似ܷӵã֮١
ףǰнôӵܣ
ڶʮʽڶʮʽ
볤һ˲Ϣ֮󣬳ϺͬʱˣͬʱնȥĿ⣬ѾɱޱȣϣȴǼЦƿһ˰㡣
ʮʽ
ϺȥɳʯҲϯԾУն£һѤ۵Ĺâ
ڱٴӲʱȵţ
ԭӲޱȣϳѱĳȻͻͬϵĶ߰㣬סϱ֮һת棬ֱָϵ
һĻһֱŵ񾭣иȷʵϧ̫ˡ
վһߵľ۾˸ָ΢΢һ
أȴʯܲǿӣƷܴ̽ģʱƾ裬ȴӣڳҪڳϵ֮һ˲䣬ųһ֣
ųϡֳڣǷǾӣһĻŮɢֻ⡰Ѫɵġ
ѪɣһԪ˴ӿ£һöָֽסҲսָȻתס
ȫûӦϵ飬ϲǱˣڲ֮ǰֶָ˶
ʮʽֻնʮʽʽӰɣϵ˵
ʲôа
ڻ˫Ѫ죬ȻԾڿУһ£ʱһֻ޴ƣֳ֮ɫӵɽϢ£


505 㻹
һɽϢĽƣں˽Ԫ𡢺ϵġԽеƣ
ǣߵر
Ͽһ£ЩĵЦˣҴ꣬ⷽ棬мң֮еĳ˵֪ʲôаͣúøһ°ɡ
ʮһʽ
ᵶϣƷıɽϣų˵ģ쳣̶ɽһ֮£Ȼͣôʮ֮һϢĹ
ľʮһʽҲǱȽһ似ˣرʩչʮ㣬֮⣬ֱӿֳһɹĸооЩɽֱ֮Ϊ⣡
ľ֮Уûֹͣɽ£ͬʱҲûдڵˢˢˢ嵶ʣµʽ಻Ӷն裬ƿŭХɽѣܿΪҲƿ̶쾪ġ
ɽƱһͣǹɹĸоҲһ֡
ʽն£ڴϣڼͷбŴ𣬡޼ƿʩ˰ɣϷһĳм
׳գ
нɰ׳գǺһܴ裬Ѫ˫ۣȥͷŭֺֻȵɶСӣϷ򡭡
һ֣
һһݣǰ򲻷µʦ֣⡰Уҷˣ˵£ţǾǼٵġ
ԣӣͣڿУûм¡
Ϣ֮ԼȻúúõģһ¶ҲޣҲûģʱؿǿʯͷһ
֮ЦݣЦ˵аѾûˣϷɣ
𣿰׳գ
˫ոպϣɽͷ֮룬ռ֮ĿҲһ֮£ѹ˳ȥϵʯ飬Զ˷ĩ
ʱУһը죬㾪
ըһ̣ԺͻһƬհףΪԼˣûˣˣǹɱըܣ󡭡
ֱӣӿ䵽ϣ˵һŽѹ
ѹϲغûûһšǾϲƱ׵߽ҪŨ
˺üʮ룬ֽĿ⣬˳ϣҧݺ޵죬ɣϷҪѪծѪϷҪ㣬
ңϴЦ
ͷЦʲô
Ц׳հ
㣡
Ҫң㻹𣿡
ϷȻУٴƣĸоʶѾƣǰȴûƳ֣бۿȥ
һȴһɫʱ԰ޱȣһ˿˿Ѫɫ۾ľ־͸˵ˡ
ԭͷȥ֮ʱȴûпұۣұûˣտҲ
ҵֱأҵֱأҵֱۡ
־һֽٺ֮Уϲ֮ʱұʹ֮УȻƾһڵĲʵƵҩҲãʹҲգܹұۣڴ˿̣˾£ȫܲʵ
ţЩˣϣȴ˵ԳԼһˣϣǻһڵĳϣһн򲻹𣿻ʮʽס𣿿ЦЦðһڳϣ죬Ҿʹһڣȡ
һȫ۵ǷǵĻ뷴ȴǸҲ֮ʣȷûдӮһнȷûеסһͨ似η
ŭأ֮£ۡһڣ³һѪԲѣûֱۣ㣬ֱ㻹ֱһ֣Ҫ㣬㡭
Ŷԭ㻹һֻ֣ǽһֻ֣Ҳô
ֱ
ѾԳΪϷ򡱵Ծ˿Уֳƣǹɳޣǹŭ֮£Ƹ׸֮ͣϣҫ裬ƻڴӿµĹ֮УԽԽԽԽӰȫ֣
ϻǿŵһյӡ
У𣬡ȥɣŻǾƾȻͻצָʯһޱȣҪ˺ѣ
ʱ϶ˣһӭצȥһȣն
նؽƷ似似Ͳټϳת۷һϮֻƴצںƴצǰϵӣСÿƫƫӣȴһɽƣ
ûõģûõģնˣնˣҪ
ϻ¶ܶϣϲֱۣ
ûκλɣǱצӵӲʵԹ䡱һ죬ѤƥĹâһƵǰֱͨϣŰֱۣͱѵһֱۣȫѵޣ
ƮƮ£Ȼȴɳһݺ˵ϣûоʹͣ£ײɽŸвٵľľЩľܲסǹײӲײˡ
ֱײʮľ֮ͣոͣ£ѾһԾ䵽ǰһֻϣ
㵽ʲôˣôһڵ似
ЦһڵˣȻһڵ似ʲôֵ𣿡
֪һˡҡס𣿡Ȼ³˰֮Цˣӣף
˫۾ޡݿµѵص˵ͷ
˵Ǻã׹
仰Ǳģ֮£¶ţŵСӣһɣɣһɣҲҡ
淢йͷû˵꣬ȻоӺ񲻶ԾֹͣͷۿȥȴǰһֻѪУץסһнɫɫԲĶ
Ȼĳ˶֣Ԫˣ
ղǲҪԱһ·أҶһף൱Ϥ
㡭ǡħ
ѣſɢţЦϲ㣬ˣΪҾ׹
켴ϸߣ˵һӺ󣬷뿪ЦŶֻ۾ѾޱȾֵ˵ˣˡ
ϸո˵꣬һᣬڵϣȥ
һ˫۾ȴ˵Ŀ
ϴݵؽָϵĴָȡ£裬鳾ߵǰ˵ڣˣ׼𣿡


506 ľ
ڼ֮У֮ǰҲΪнǸٽһ֮ǿĵӣǴ´࣬ӵҪнһѹͷǵ֯
Ȼȴģȫ෴
нΪĵӣȻнԪ˸ȡˣָѹˣǱһ
ȻԡǻʵһڳϣȴǱһͨ似ˡ
ôûд䣿
ϼûлӦ
ҡĵ𾪣ϽЦ˵ǰҶ׼ˣ絽ȥҲԡǰƺϾǰܽнɸɵУ˵֮󣬼ûзԣϽǰ·
ţ⿴֪Ӧһʲô״Щݰ氡߰ȫж֮رǴĻʶĿһסĿ⣬ʵǾ綾ޱȡ
ųȴǵһ侫֮Уַ֮˾˵ܹƢ裬϶裬Ծ˵ŴǶҲо綾ɣ
ɫЩΣϽصǰô˱֮£
𣿡
ʵʱԺȴʮɽϹܿʱŵϣʲôȻϸǲ£˴ţûźùңһЩʣڰԨʱЩ֮ŵӰӡ
ȻǵģǻöԲǰöǰǲţþȺȣ֤ס˵ôȻϴһ裬ŵȷ˽ҩǺȥҲжҪǺȥǾͲһˡ
СӻĹƻеѶԸﰵѣȴׯµ˵ǰǲţⱭ裬ǾͱˣֱӽǰҪ֮
Ͽžƺ̽˵Ǽ٣ɫ䣬Цһ£˵ðɣһƬ֮£裬Ҿͺˡ
⻰һ𶯣ʮֵؿϲһΪжƻأҲôǾȴû¶ֻ˵ȰɣȰɣϽ
ôųϺһ裬ʵǰоôҪҪϼ
ˡϰ˰֣ҪʲôҲӦö׼ˣóһҪһأ
֪仰ϸ˹ŹֵЦݣɫɵצ۹ð̵Ĺ⣬Ҳ֪ǲöö˵ԭ򣬻ŷߵһԵеضһ裬̵Ʒ
һ˿Цת˲ţ켴ȵ뾴ƲԣԷˣ
ʲôƣʲôƣôأ
ҲãҾʵжѪɡ͵վҪȻ֣ͻȫӣ̱ϡ
²豭Ц˵ףΪʲô˰ɣ
㡭Ȼж
˵ˣжϧ̫ˣŵĵ̣ţ
ˣ㡭㡭Ҫôжƴ汳ġ
ģΪ˶Ըǰ֣ôЩ۵ʲôʮɢһĶҩأӰɢҲ䲻ǰ֣õĿľ
ľ
ֻҪһǼԪǻӶֱۣľ벽粻ͻĶ˵ǲǶоĺʹ
ȻһоѪϸסҧѪ㡭汰ɣ
Ͷˣ涾ģм˲أɫ԰׵ģѪȻΪԷˣʮɵ˵ԣȻҺ˵ģǣΪԼС룬ǺúôŰɡ
ϲȴ÷ߺ޵Ŀ⣬ž
ңΪãֻҪӦһҾ͸ҩ㲻Ա棬պ㻹ǰ;޿ɹ
ʲô
ǣǳΪѣ
ѣ㲻𣿡Ц
ΪȻ㲻÷ңʵ룬һʱһֱðһڵǿ֮£޷ǾЩСһ֮ìܣԽԽɣһĻԹޣԴﵽ˵ĿģЩ˵һ֮϶ޣϧֻһˣƵҪɼƻ֪£ңպÿ԰㣬պÿ԰ﵽĿģΪһڣҲҲдޡ
ϼЦƾţһڶԿҲ̫Բ˰ɣ
ƾһţȻǲܣһűŻһٱһǧأ
Ϊ𣿡ϻǰӡ
˵ȴƣţ߽ˣнΪˣһ߽˾ͺضųͷѹһ֮˲žֱߵһĳ˵˼仰ֶԳ˵⣬Ǳɽһǣڣ˰ɣλǰԸһģȴû뵽ˡ
Ҳ˵Ըҵˣ
ϵ˵ʵڻȷЩ𾪣ԭΪ½ߣ̫࣬ʵߣԽԽ࣬ЩһһۻسҲףһ棬йأǰʵȻǽӴһ棬ȴҲĳЩʵѩһڡ
⣬ÿôѡˣҪѡ룬ѡǳΪһ·ˣǵȻԸ㣻Ҫѡһ·Ҳֻ˵ǸҪȥˡ
ϳĬΪڼƽϵʧڿǣȰǣõܶ벻ĺôҩԪʯ似ȵȣʤҲЩ͹ۻʲôѡʹãһģֻҪǣҸұ֤ʵͻͽ١
Щô𣿡
֣ǲˬȴǱЦݣ˵ȻֹЩǻҪΪǳߣĻܵõָھ֮࡭
Ϊߣжߣ
㾡ܲµľȥ롣ջʮ㣬˺öȻЩĺ棬һ㹳
һнˣúʲôҪǲӦֱ˾ǣ
ңƾ㣬𣿡
ЦһҺΣ
תͷʵǸûпǰһڴ󹷵İԵ𣿡
һЦ濴㻹ģҪʱͷˣЦó
ΪʲôЦϲ԰ɫһӻָϣ˵һܰɣ


507 һ㹻
ϵɫѾָһƬѾʮ֣Ͼ˵ǰɱнĻ棬̫Ե
ϻװνЦʵŶ㻹ܣ֪ʲôܣ
ȴûлش𣬶ǵ˵ʵ⡭裬ĺܺúȡ
ǲٸ˳Ͷϡ
ð
ȻӦʮ㣬һҲˡľģüëɾһһָܽһˣһ̷Ը֮˼ȥʮ֮ڵ裬ӹ裬һΣ켴һȥѸֱͣײϡ
ػ˻ƣ豭Уԥؽ£֮󣬳Ͻӷ˻ȥҲѧųһơ
ӵѧˣϧȴȫûץסǲ豭Ƿ豭̲صľ˳ߴ󲽣ұӻ鿪ĺҲһһӿȻ˲ᣬֱҪѪƣסˡ
һˣڶŨˣ
ϵ꣬һ֣ڶӣʱոͣסӣֳϮȻ䣬ģǱ̲صĿֲǣˣôûж
Ϊųϣ·жָжĭӶжνǻ£һǶþ裬Ķ͸˵ˣľζ綾ڱһ֮䣬У˼ʮ֣ϰֶ
Ϻ裬ҲϰֶǣΣһ¶û
涾¶ģоﲻ־嵽㣿
־־壬ĿǰԾ˵ҪȴǵסǱӣѾʩչ˳ʵʱԺȴԡըĻ棬һɸоо˵϶סӡ
豭Űȥ֮ʱһߣ豭ͣ˿Уȴ֮еһнȻˣ൲ﻹȵڵСԽԽţҲۿŵĵط𣿡
ԣһЦ˵òŵĵط𣿡
һȣǲ豭Ȼ٣ֱ֮ײȥһɺƵ籡нɫ΢䣬Ѹٽʮ֣
豭Ȼըѣн˺ֱ΢΢顣
Щˣϲˡҡͷ˵תʵ֪Ҫ𣿡
ܣôܻ᲻жأȻûдѹ
̯̯֣˵ʵȷʵûжǰװһжģ뿴ݳʲôϷ
ܡҲšǰ
װĶѣ㻹ˣǿɰ˵꣬Цһ£ֵһһܣ벻֪
ܣ
ԱѾܲ˳޿ֵˣոϱһеĳȵûжѵһннǰɣңǰսڵԪѾ˰ɣһУʱѣػָЩԪˡ
ȷ󡣡ϻعͷˣ˵Ըǣ࡭ϱһָһУ㹻ˣ
һнȻӾҿڳԣϷţнðһŵɫĻ棬һȭֱϡ
ɫĻ棬ǳ׵ļ֮ѡ˵һ䣬ȻӴϱԾʮ׵ĸ߿գûõûȭȴһɨ
սֻȭûڳϵϣϵȣѾȻƣɨʣʱֱӱɨɳȥѪ꽦£ײᣬϣһʮ׿⣬ͣ
˶û뵽ϵٶȾȻ죬˿ֲ֮أ
ڣ˰ɡ
Уһ仰˻ǿųϵĿ⣬Щηһ棬ƾһȣͽߵҾأ
˻£Ǳ۾ȴޱȵķŭղһȣ˵ܴ裬첻ϴˢ裬оԼԺͻˡ
ܷŭɱңЦʵ˵ǾɣһĳʧΪˣǲоģ
Ȼ󣬳ָָн㣡㣡
ָƣָ㣡һϰɣ
һûкͳϽֵȵһϣþ
һ˼ǿƣҲֵĸˡ
ֻһн

Щ֪ǰӵеʵԲһнӵеģ˵ˣΪǿʿǸһ
ȺУȡһֻ«ķͷװҺ壬ڴڵغţߺţɫԽ죬ͨ죬Ѫ죬º«һã˲ӶȼɫǵĺɫǴɫ
һʯѾ仹㾫µˣɾʯڲϱ
гһìɢųҺâһŨѪζǧѪнݹһ
õһֻСӣҵģҪ㵱ˣ㲻ǰٶӽͽ
Χɱ
ì˲̳ǧâ«ڶųϣɭɭڻ𣻾ʯ£ĶǷɿգҪװ档
˫ĿտտȻ壬ڵļ֮죬ʹâؽʹâҫ˲мֲ˷ؽ֮ϡ
ǰؽȵغǡƣɡƣ
ϲ㣬ˣԣǡ
һ̣ĸǱᶨģɲбƣǱʰǱ۰ߣ½žƣȻİΪнǣɴûнƷ
Ȼǡǡƣɱ
һȣ𾪵Ļں档
ʹâǡǽľˮֶӦɫغУУȻ֮壬ôܻУ
⻰һӶһ飬Ϣң費֮УԺҫģȫƬ֮⣡
ǣĺܴ
ۡһѪ˭жԪ㶼ɣҷ٣
һҪɱ㣬˵㣬ǲ½ϵľţѹ
Ҵ̣
֮ʯѹ£ﶾֱϰΧϮɱȥǧâ֮УǸ˺â
ϻûжֻǣЦš


508 棬ȥ
УԽԽ󣬾ͺһֻС֮ڣת˲֮䣬ͱ˾޾֮ڡ
һС
ǽâǶǼ֮Ǿʯ
ܵĿؼԪ
׷
â֮Ѿȫ룡
Ǿʯ«ìҲп
𾪣Բ˵ǴʱѾǽ߾ȫϹʹȫÿһϸҪסе̫пƲסơ
ϻ̩Ȼأȳ֣
һڣʱ䣬ǽâڻ𣬾ʧ֮Уٽ׳֣ͣп˵ǵȻ֪Ŀǰľȥܵģ϶ǡ
˶Уһ⣺ʲô似ʲôط
𰸣벻ġ
һɽشؽ֮УҲָ˲٣ϼ״һֽڵӴָȡؽ֮£ת
˵ķٴиһ
žʯ۾־Ȼ֮ɫҪҾ٣źһɱƥͬһ˲䣬ǿʯ࣡
ţѪȣȥ켴˫һѹþȫʯԾٶȣǸУ
ʯлֹͣһ˲䡣
˼״ϲͬһʱ䣬ȫעڷ֮ϣٺݺҽ
ȥ
ƺ«ȥ
ƻĺìȥ
ֱײžʯһŷ򹥻һ͡
ӳзɫ쳣԰ףסزϵĺɫʧЩԪŵĹâϢǰҲޣ
ֱ㶵ؿļеĲϣбϣǾʯϸϡãϣϸˣϣƺ«ϸ˷ٳɻҽϣƻĺìгϵĵ
򣬺ϡ
ϣﻹССسһû뵽˹ƣò˵һйģͺñһߣ󣬿ҪȥɽпܾͻῨĺ̲Ҳ²
ҲһҪ̲ȥҪٲתɶԳǳǿӣҲҪһˡ
յˮУķĹֱǲֵһᣬǿܽԽڵķУҲ̽ˡţǰбȲˮУֻˮˮԪǧˮԪкʮ𺣹ɣȻĪޱȡ
ǸˮиΪߣµУҲǸ߽ʿΪ
ԣеδкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ժ˲Щͷˣ˵Ϊ𣿡
һƣ֮ʱȵ
һЦף棡
ɲ䣬Щѿͣ͵Уͻ˳ļĹת
һ˲䣬ļһӱת֮Уɢֲܣ
С
ͬʱһûϵϻôһ֣
ǻʲôĶһӰɣһ㣬ǧһһӣûá
ղ˽߾ȫһжǸ߽һпֱӱǶҲҪһˡ
һ¶û
ûзˣʲôûˣһʧĿ˵ʱˣǲӦƴŶҪѧɶ꣬˻𣬽ǵӣһӽ˵ﵽĳЧأ
һ仰˵꣬ĸ˲ûзɶ˻İ򣬷ƴɢųĸȥҲٲʲôһֻ࣬һӣҪʲôûлҪ
˴ҲǺһֻ̣һˣֻ׷һɱһˣ˱ӹһ٣ԣʱﶼţųϲ׷ɱ
ӣӵ𣿡
Ц˵Ѿֱ¶ǰôݵٻȥϽɫѾһЩĺڵս˴ָסؽʮͨؽӿ֮Уؽֱֱǰһָȥ
ʱǸоȻؽȥоһھĿҪ죬Ҫ̵أ
ȻԪȫޣв£Ǳգ֮䣬Ծձ˶ʮԶΪҪӳ֮ʱֱŷһ֣
˲䣬екȻըǰȥļԷɿգ֮ǰˣ˾ƺ«
ѿڶɫţ˵Ѿ̽鵽󳡾ȴ鲻ԽػͷһԼķԱǿٱٶȣײ
ûǵԴعȥļɱ
ֻһӽװ˽ȥҽгͬһ˲䣬£תһָһɴɫļ֮𣬷֮¡
ǿʯ˳һӽӿѹ£һѹѪ£ͷѣȫѣ˻û꣬ǲƵӻѹ££ʶʧһֻ̣һָооʯӳȥʱ̺ϰٱ
ǻƺ«Ҳɵͷ«ڶһûǸ߽׵ļ֮Ҳƴʧֱ۶ѡ
Ҫ׳ʿ֮ʱǺ«˻
ɫǺɫȴǰɫ֮ɫ
ңһҽжûк㻯һŻң
Ǹƻĺì׼ȷޱȵش͸˵ĵֱӽԪ˴̳⣡
Ϊֹȫ䡣
ϽԪˡָȫռջʱ򿪶ǣֻһСɫڣ죬ϲ˵ⶾƷףжߣ
󣬳ƺ««ȻžۻĹЧһȾۻһ㡣
ǿʯҲȭͷСϳ˰죬ûʲôؽʱͽʯͷһȥ
ƻĺâֱӽ˴ָ
ϿɽҰĻֵȣ˵һУӦٴˣЩҩҲӦİɡϵʮֲĸֶݶȫ˿֦ҶŵٵӴ󾪣ܡ
ӵˣȡһ֣ԪȥɽҰһƬɫ֮У洫İѣûȥЩˣЩ˻֪˶ѪծأҲΪϹܿʮɽһ
ֻǴӻУһһɽȥһɣ
Ҳһ죬һѣǴҲĿѳɻҡ


509 
һڿȥһڵ֮ʵǿ֮µϵѣǳԾǲȻŭԲ֮ʱּǿڷӵϢϲɣǳϦѾӳϲƣЩɶ˾֮
˾ƣһڳϻһӣ߽ǿݣȥ׽ӣ
ǴңźҲɵˣΪʮþȡ϶£ȴصľнһ
𾪷ŭ֮࣬ɳȥŻز鿴ǵõϢŷԲʮﷶΧڣȫһƬҽͺͺģʲôҲûС
һʱ䣬סˣΪ϶һĺ֮£ˣɳװһڵӵˣŰȥЩ˲ǿ֮£һɱ¾ֶΣǽǹɺޣǿԹȫйЩϡ
ҲΪʲôһڵõǿϢԭ
˵֮϶һڣΪţҪȥһɵ·ϣֵõһϢйӤ֮¡
Ͼ߿񱼶ȥ
Ҳˣ˶Գ϶Եᡣ
ڻһ£һֱнпܾŴӰӻſʼһڵĵʮˣЩ˲ΪߵͣһͬǾ
ԣϸûõʲôϢֻɴֶΣɱ
٣ɱ٣
һ̣ɱǹۡ
ʮ֮󣬳ϵЩӤСׯȻҹͣؿ񱼣ɳһƣ̬Ҳޣٱϵ󲻾ãƺկɫϮ
̧ͷȥֻԶ߿ǺѹѹһƬһڿգһָأ֮ɫ񱼶ȥ
һϾ͸ϵ·ص㣬ѻûΪħʦϢҲȫûȥעļկֻկﲻɫŻ⣬ƣϧЩɫٶȼ죬ʱǳһȣȳһŷ磬ǻ𣬻ܸıķԣкɫ޼Ч΢
ϿЩɫ񣬲֪Ϊʲôһڽ֮УǼֻһĵͷ֣ѵЩҲǴɳģӤ
ͷһ֣ϱҲ֮ȥǺںˮɫ˿ңͯӣ뷨Ȼǵò𰸣ǿаЩͷߵȺĴ֮䣬д˵Σգ뿪Щצرһӽ˵Դץ
еļ𶼸ң
˵ʲôˣô죿
Ҫɱ񣬾Ͱȫҡظһ飬ûдȺֻһţǴأ;ҵض
ʻ֮ӦȺ֮ף´˳һּۣЩŵĺɫҪȵеļŵ񲻽⣬֮еĴУٶ൱졣
Ϊ֮ʵʲô
Ҳù
ùô
ûлش˫ڿлȦ֮תЩڵϼȫֻϢ书ǧֻҲһУڳ˫ּת
ڴȻ𾪵㶵ĵزΪˡ
ɫǵظ˫תٶȸ죬ںɫ滹һ֮ʱ˫Ƴ
ʱǧֻ̺ſֲǧֻǡ𡱵ƿǧ뷢ʸ籩굹ܼ࣬䣬һ꣬ҳ죬ɫ
ûκһֹâȴ¶ֲϢ
ȺɫҲоǰϰٱҽвѣǾ޴ȵÿ뽫ȿ
Ȼ̺ǵĳȿģ
գ۶͵ɫͷ­ظ򡭡
ɲǼ䣬ҽУɫ䲻ѣЩ޳м֮÷飬Ѫ꼤籬ɣа㡰͡죬ûկǽᡢľ֮С
ȺѾըѪ裬ǲûȥһѪζӷ񣬸Ϊ׺أرŸֻһߣЩҪĹ񣬱м䡣
һϵſڴĺɫæգԶѭȥȴ۾һ㣬ٶȥǣǴһɣЩڴӿֱˤ
лعĴҵĺӣǿڴװҵĺӡԣ磬ӿµĿڴȫڻ
֮һֻɫ񣬵ȫǺɫʬ壬ϽӤȻ鿴һɫ񣬷Ȼûڽ¿ô׺ЩԴȲ֣ȴ֮
ѵЩǳһڽأϵɻԽԽŨˡ
ЩǣѾЩʧõĺӣ˵棻ģΪ֮˴߰˰ٴߵл
ϲûֻͣ¡ħӡ֮Զѭȥ
죬ħ֣߳նǧֻϢֹΪһʱΪ˺ü£ն̰٣ʷ
һʱ䣬ħӵǴҰݣ
ʤű絽ǳʵ˽췢£ʤ˵𣿡
ŴһñħӸɣһоܽǶ룬˳Ŷ
ʤ㲻ѣ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʤص˵һħӺпܲģڶģħӵΪѾ½˲٣ǰ֪ҪٱҲֵʸûˡ
õô֮ʤǷģϸѰħӵټ˺һʱ䣬ԱѰţʱħӳߵϢΰǵ
ʤΪŭħӣʲôܣԹץôܵȥǿڶߣҪ׷ȥ֪ܵȥˣǣȥֲС
ʦ壬һ⣬ħԶԺһŵ˵ʤæʵ˵ģ
Ȼġ
ʲô⣿
֪ʦעûע⣬ħӳֵʱ򣬶ʲôص㣿Ц˵ʤüһ룬켴ȵӴǻϽ˵
ϽصֻҪһطҵĴ¼֣ħӾͻ֣
ȷ
ǾͿһ¼ħͶ
ƣƣȥ˷ܵħӣҿΣӣ
ʱߣվһªϸһɰС


510 ҹɱߣһ
ʦڿʲôСССʮһң۾͸ŴϻۣѾԸоʦղͬ
ªϸ֮һ䣺Ϣ
ʦ˭
Сسªϸûлشֻǿˮ۽ȴݺ᣻֮󣬳ªϸС˵߰ɣȥ
켴һһԽԽԶ˵ߣķűڣò֣ȴİգʯ̺ˣô͵ʽħӡĳɵľʯߣԱ¡
Īϴܵվħӵĵ棬š
һߣǹɳȥ֣һɳһ߽ʣЩðߣҪôǸøɸɾҪôԼˡ
ŭˣ˽⵽֮׼һһ򾡣ԮͬʱǲûֹͣǿɣֻΣֶҲӲ̡
һڳŵõϢѾ϶һҲɳֳ飻ץ֮˵һڵӣҲϲķԸ
ҷյϲȥϹܿǸߣҷںǲ⣬ŮӣԾͲϲƫƫȴһҷ˼֮£⣺鶼ģһ̯¶͵Ϲ壬ӭȢϹܿ
ѾִﶫǣסңԵ׷ᣬͨҲұ֮£˽һţ֪һǿڰԮǣ֪ΪӶŨȤߵųϵĵͨøϢʱǹİ֮£Ϊǹصн硣
Զڴ֮ϵζҲõ˹ħӵϢѯʹĪϹħӵ£йעħӣĺţɺ֥ɺİ£ңٲȻһֻްԡ
ؼӿжĲѾ˵뱱ı߾ϡ
Щʱֻ֪ոմӷһϢִ䣬ֳѾһҹɱߣɱ˽ˣÿ֮ǰյһֽдڶʱȡͷ
ҹɱɱ֮ˣƶֹֺûȫƾɱ˭ɱ˭
ÿһӵֽģеģıڣԽԽãƶģʰң׼Զ߸߷ɣ˶ٱڣΪıڣֻܳ˶Զ֮أʱһӲǸ֣
ԽԽֻ࣬ԽԽ󣬺ܶ˶羪֮ˣϢҲԽԽԽԽ˳϶ʱѾʮ֮⣬֣ͷء
ҹɱߣ˼
һ֮ȥȻпһµһ壬ŻҪ壬ɳȥˣϣľһڵˣΪ£һڸݺݵĴܴһڵıķԹޣ
Ȼϸҹɱ߲һڵҲˣһڵĻʵ϶ͬСɣпܱʣҪʲôشɣħӡӡ
ˣҲ׼Էһ·ϣÿһɽֵľήнʮϪؾͶΪɺһƬ
ЩʢӴˮȫ˵ĵ
⣬һʱǿԪʯ޺ˣɱõԪ˵ȵȣȫԪڵ֮ڣȻܱ֤Ԫʱѭȴǲܱ֤Ԫ󣬶һ֣ڴһ飬ӵ̺
˵Ҫһϵд֮󣬳ϻ淢ǿŵ仯øΪ
ͬʱڲϾۻͨƺ«һ÷֮ӣǬҲûͣǰѺһΪʹãѪ֮ȻʹҲΪ㣬ﲻţѵ봢ָһźھ۵ӡҪӡɱ˺ھ֮ʹã
˽һµʱ䣬˶ʱҹɱߵţѾǣҹɱߵ֮£ɪɪ
ɽǣȺɽȺɽʮɽһߡ
죬ɽֵǸ̨ϣھűбڣбڵǿеһܣܲ棬ɫһƬ԰ףΪ֮ǰҲյǸ˵֮ʱȡͷ
Դյ֮ܲңͣ˵ˣ˶ǲģرôһʼҲܲȻǰҲ뱣ȻӲһƴһ£һأ
ԣܲб⡣
ܲѾʮڣЩΪ͵ҲнΪ⻹һǳҲܹһɣ֧һССļˣܲΪЩڣѾжѺеļҲܲΪֻҪ˻û֮ȥ˶
ɽ֮ʱܲʮڣصܸʮֵľ䣬ŹشĴѲƣصʮػڷ֮⣬档
սţܲͿһӰڶǽϵһʱܲҪҪֹɱȴһ£ġ
㡭ǡ˭ܲȻǾδһض¡
ħӡ
һʹȴôͣž⣬ֱųϵıӰܲȴ˵ǲǸն߻ƺկɱײеʳ˰ɱǲбħӣ
ܲˣϢĺͨϲ˵֮۾Ͱ͵ضħӣĿΣֱһŨ
Ϸͦ˽𣿡
ת˵ܲһݣ봫ŵһģһʱ˼ˣæ£һҾأֱ˵ǰȾңȾܼһٶʮˣҡ
ϷˣȻҪġ
ллˣллˣ˹Ȼ屡죬εصܲ˵ʣϵ۾ȴЩη˸
ϿʵǺң
˵ǰ
ǾǰĴˬЦţתǸ˵⸱˼
ܲҶ֪ף˵ȻϲǾˡ
ϲûƴǣЦã͵㸶Ϸʽɡصؽһܲ⸱Ӻζ
ܲһһʮ˵ţа
Ͼš
ʱ̣ԽԽˣ


511 ս
ʱˡ
ǿ²غƣһƬڣܸ磡
ͻأһӰ֡
Ĵգҹɱˣҹɱˣȥҹɱˡ
ܸеˣӰֻЩɵӰ֮ʱԶɻȥˣЩЩͳͳá
оְıڣȫ似¹ĵâնӰȴӰһ֣ЩâԱɱ֮ǰٱٶȣϮɱȥ
âĽֻʮˣâϮɱȥ֮ȴɱϰˣǸӰ֮ǰģȫ¡
ƺ䣬Ӱ㵽ܲڵǼ䷿Ȼ˵ϣѾ˳ȥʮǮƣֵıڣӰǰ档
ҹɱߣ
ӰûлشֻǰʮĿңиʽɢ۹âȻѾȫԪȼ
ڣܲޱȣȴһյӣԺȴŻݣһۿǻʱӿ𾪣Ƿ棬һƵΡ֮ɽ֣ɽһɣֱֱ֮ͦϣһˣһͣߴƺ״
ϲ֪⣬ֻĪľ֮ǰѯܲӺܲ˵ʮǰ־һˣ֮󣬱Զȥ֪֪ȥܲòǵˡ
ܲȻȥųϣѾվ˳ϵĺ棬ϣʱħӣܹնҹɱߣܹǰ漸˶Ӳѵˡ
ҹɱʮˣʮףһȵҹɱߣԽ׳һ
ԣԽ׳һ
ɱһ˺
ɱʮȳͬʱ֣ɫâҫЩ˵ľƣȻһ˲ﵽȫһ£նĵââȫںϳһ壬ƾˡ
ҹɱ߻ȻδǰţȵǺƴɱУҪɱǰ֮ʱҹɱ߲˵̫ˡ
˵ţһΣںʮ˵ĴɱУֱҷȥ˲Ϯɱ壬Щ˸ûлعû
ǻûҧѪ˵ɱǣҲˡ
ҹɱ۾һ𣿡˵꣬ᣬֱǰȥŲˡˡˡƬؼ䣬ÿһƱ֣Ǽ䷿Ҳһһ֮䣬ҡβѣҪεض㡣
ܲҡβѣҲظŷҡķ⣬ǲ˵ˣˣ϶Ѿɱˣɱˡ
Ŷ
ӦһǷӱ㲻ˣܲľ֮ɫתΪϲ
ҹɱޱأǰߣÿһڵĽӡˣҲվԷΪнʼ˵һֵĽ
Ƿӱһҡڣһ򶨣ҹɱ뷿ӽֻ֮࣬ͻ˫ȭһ
УǱðʯǶķӣϸɳһ㣬£ܲ￴Ļ棬ӣѾڵء
Щ׷ϸɳ䵽֮࣬Ҳ䲻
գۼ䣬ȫΪϸɳ
ϸɳûƮȥڿת
󣬳ҹɱĿԣб
ˣΪҪɱˣܵȵأҹɱߣҲǱЦ˵ȴΪƭħͶϲ֣ȻǳΪ˵Ӧϲŭ޳ǰħӣܲ˷ܡ
һڣųƱ֮ףһڵȴӱɱ¾ѵͲŭԹҪ֪ˮۣܸۣ㲻һҲˣ
ɱ㣬ɱ˭֪߸ϵܽϰͨ˷أ˵ţȻ£һȻһɱ˵ȻħӣȰˮ֮еȻһˣ
ȻǺ⣬ͿٴظǰʷˣϵһЦֻǣϷڣôܳɹأ
Ȼɹǰˣ㻹𣿡
ǰ㲻ϷĶ֣ͬϷ֣
ħӣҲѾˣˣɱСߣôѾ
ԣ֪𣿡
ϣϹͷܹһҪȻǾ̫ˡЦ켴ȳһ֣ۣ
һֺȳЩڿеϸɳ˲ۼ۳һѿ
ţ˫һգն
ǰʯɳ۵ĿЮ֮׺ն£СꡱԼϢſϮ£һƳܲ˲䱻ƳԶҲûȥɱܲУֻħӣֻҪɱħӣܲܵ
һƳ֮ܲ󣬳ȭűȥͣžž
ʱն£
ȭͷ˲ʹʮȭкɫҫһȭ򿳵ըԵк
飬ϸɳɢ
۾һݣһȣն
ϸɳٴηƶۣڶ۵ĿȵһС̺ǿֲȻһȭ֮飬ƫаϸɳɿն¡
ǣÿնһΣһȭɢ۵ĿԽԽС۳һֻ¶ЦһѹУ¡
飡
ɳֱ̳࣬ϸȥᣬ󲽿ǰ
һ˲䣬ɳڳ౬ըϺˣȴӿһɱƥ˼ת֮ǿȻͬ죬⻹ֻǳ׶ѣ
ͬʱҲ۾ңؿʲôܵס칭֮
ʣոպãһħʯսȵϷҲУ
˫һ޹ңɢǧϸɳȴ۳ֻϸһ׹ɫݣֹ裬Щϸɳ׷أЩϸɳ̺ܲ򵥡
ϵӣ㣬һٰʮȵýޱȣԾյߣޣݺնͷ­״ָ칭һΣ
ˡһ죬ƽƽĴأ湰ˣƽɣϡ
ɲǼ䣬Ϻȫ类ɽѹʯײǧУ
ϵȻˣڹҫ裬ɽʯ˲䱻ճޣ֮ȣż֮ɨȥ
СһȣԾնһӰٶȼĳڳϵǰ칭ʺﻹȵħӵѪұ޾Իͣ
һĶԣɱ⣬ޱȣ


512 칭
׵Ǹ߽嶫ӵһСƷΪʵı칭ȻҲܲ򵥣ƷֱƷ
칭ǸңɢԸϸķϢ
˿̣칭Ϻ
ϣһȣЮɽѵƣն£
칭Ҫϵһɲǣ֮ػںǺɫ棬˲ɴ֮ɫ׵˲伫±仯Ƹʢǧء
ǳĲأȫʧ
ԭīҹգʱȴȰӴʹ֮Уһһȣȥ
ɫķ֮ҫʱǿɫһ˿˸칭סȣȴѾǧ֮һգۼ䣬׹նڱļͷ
ͬʱ칭Ҹ֮ϣ
ﭣ
칭޽ЯҲѹ£켴
ɸڿеıȴǱһţݺնȥˤڵϣˤһĿӣоֱۣľ֮УǾȣѵľħӣһ֮жʮң
ţȴûסݵĳƣԪתѭ˴֮У
һЦ˵㲻ҪʹϷ㲻ҪڿҪϷԾһڵţҲ˶ѣֻѭصͷڹˣţ
ͷڹ꣡ڴظǾ仰ѪڣʧȥǣɱǼͷ­ѾҸϣ
ű֣칭ұ£ǵһףҲǱղص׵ľ룬ǷԲʮ׵ĴأȻƿһ˹۳ɼ
ֻô󣬷ʯ
ﻹ˵ܴ󣬿ܴƬƬصΪãҿֵܼʱ
Բѣ
һȥ
ңڹˡһ죬ֻ޴ļֱ϶ȥ޼û׼ĳλãΪھ޼ǰԵǰС
Ծ޼ϻһߣ˳Ʊһβҫ۵ķâ羪쳤磬ƻ磬֮Ĵ֮ɫת˲貽⣬ӶԡһƬ֮ɫУֱһƽս
ֻѪ֮ȣǧɫϼ˸ͺгǧ򽣺͵һγɽɫĵ֮һ֮Уӿնȥƺƴ֮
̺ŵĺƴɲӿ֮
꿦ꡭ
ʯ飬ϵطϿУ켴ֲϵı鿪ǿƵǴ̶
۾һ޼
ϷϿ
ȣɲǼ缲ն£
ɫĺˣӿ۷壬ȫʵĽɫΣϯ֮ƣ޼ײһ
䣡
޼նϣֱҪը͸кµĽâϱѳһ޴ѷ죬Զ·˴һ㣬͵ĽɫŰ˷һ֮ʣ
Ŀ⾫Ԫâ䣬Щڱըľ޼ֺ£ٴϣͬʱ˫ض壬ʮ״ӿǣֻȽʮס
ˣҲԳһ֮
ڷڿգ䣬˲ֻһһ£лϣ
ϴӱ׵֮󣬾ȫնɱ߽һնɱҲڻ£ֻʣϻûоԵİգսȴޱȸ߰ʣ϶ûʱ壿
ڳûôں֮ˮûʮ𺣣βǿɲˮУɳȻֱϣǿǿѪһٷУɱȻȵ֮ѣϷҲܲٿأ
һ֮£תǿˮˮľľ𣬻ĽԪ֮һȫתɺƺâ֮Ҳɽˣ֣һһ£ֳȻС
˳ת
һֻ֣޼ҲֲסԭĹ켣еȥ޼һУʯɢתΪеһ֣
У֮ɫһ˲䣬ȴЦܿĵЦЦͻֳһֻ˼ճգ칭㱬ƽհĹâǼӳжʱСء𣬱෴ĺÿ񱩵ĿȻޱȰ
һĻ
ңٶ֮һŮ£֮ʱޱȻǣȴһԻصϢ
ͲǰħӣǰħӱǶ֮ΪˣֵڣжôǱ㲻ãװħӵģħӵһ𣿡
簡ῴģϷ򻹱֤ᵽ
ֻѿѣϵĹΪƷ칭еļͬΪƷ뿴Ƿű˵ѱ֮
ϵĺҲ޼˽֮
ֱ

ͣƬؼ䣬ȴžޱȣһ㶯ҲûЦʢ칭ѾԲ̶ȣ˳Ҳ
һһ˵սڲſʼȥƵǰһУ
ݣ
һ⣬ȾƬգֱɱϺɣǱУǿԺ͹ŽһƴǿӣҲᱬѣ
ۣ֮ػͬһ˲䣬ϽǿۺһԾ֮ȵɣһҪĴڣ
һ䣬֮ϣþۣ֮Ȼ𣬿Ӵȴ֮͵ײڳؿڣӼȥ
һԪܣӳؿڴӿ룬ȫϻһвѪⱻը飬ЯһӵеģȻƷܱʮ
ȫԪӿЩΧϵת÷ֱǿ
ͻܱϺһӿһѪϣ͵ͻȻⷼɻأһߣϷ㻹ӣ
󣬳һץסҪ˻ȥӴָзɳ
ڳϵ֮ʱҲھ˳еıըһϮƷƷķ£ը÷飬һͷǱըò֪ȥһǱըڼ칭һĻס󲿷
˿̣ΪΪңϷͻȥ


513 ֲϮɱ
칭ʲôϡʣɼƷʦϹ汦ȵȣ϶֪
֪еȴǾ˾׵Ĵңδаأ࣬ȴܽԽڵķиס䶯÷ֺ
ڲִټϳһŹȴǸֻȻһȻһĸоһɵϢɢУ֮ͦ
һѪסѾ
ţϽԪǶʮһעڣ
ʱͻܶҲʲôѡ
ڼ
ΪϿ˳ۺıըͻһǳǳ׷ǳ򵥣ǰȴûעĵһȭжʮ֮£Ҵʮȭȫ㡢֮£ʮȭÿһȭҲֻǶʮܽʮȭ֮һǲǾͻأ
һ֣ʵѹʮһתּѹӿʮʱøˣС
ЧֻǸоûʮ
ţֽʮѹȥһأ죬ֱĤôİ㣬źбըıһɨɫ󾪡
ιעûʮȴʮ󣬿ҵ뷨пʵֵġ˵ţѹΪѹ֮£Ѿﵽ޳ܣѹȥֱӸѹˣڼֹǰЩѿĵһ
ϽȫͬնϣΪҵ
Ȼһ֮£ϾȻûö
ȻûǴ󾪵ɫȴѾһƬ⡭ʲôǹϢôҴĵһ־µĸоʲôֽţҸӡˣҾʹã
󾪣Ӧȴޱȵؿ죬ֻ칭ϣҧ˵ʲôֻ˷ѣħӣҵļ°ɣ
Ȼٶףľ룬칭ǧ׼׵˵ԺԲƣǼ
ϼһûҲǴһδƣǺһֻӵ춯صأ
ԺͷѾмתÿһѪ֯ʹٱɲǼ䣬Ĵָʳָ֮䣬̺Ӵʹ˸
ˡ
ڸһ˲䣬һӿȵʱƵ·ƬأؼӿüԶֱܲѪֹ֫ŵأƴǰľеˣŵһϢζӱסľǵƬȺɽ޺
ʤƬȺɽ֮У޺ɫ΢䣬̤УĽս֮˵ħӣȻͶˣǾϷȡɣ
ȻϽôһ㣬ȴоȡ֮һ֮һƺ٣ǣ֮һȴĻϳȡģûϸоղԼпܱɸʬˡ
һж
ϼţٶȻޱȣһߣҲùֻԪо󣬻һݣΪˣȻףǹҪˣ
һ룬һҧֻϣûһһ䣬ǱûаǼԣֱֻñѪڣ
˶ƴ
ûлͷƴ֮⣬
ɱħӣԳɾĺպҲҪɱӵʲôֻǻһܼ򵥵ɣţ
ţҪñ
ҲѪһһ㱻ؼԽԽһƬڰƺڱӿڵţ֮һķ֮һ֮һ
֮һģڵѾȥ֮
ҲǼɢʵڿУֱӴԪгȡԪеȥᣬ쳣ѣЯеҩһڵ߽Ԫ
Ԫձ̷ӿ޾֮еԪ칭֮
鿴ϲ״ЦţļɣķܵסеģҪݻ٣㣬ħӵ
ʤҹбܣһǧףת֮䣬֮أ߲ѣ
٣٣һ޴ӣڳϵҨ㣬Ѿ֮ڵȴķ֮һ
ϳɫâ⣬ɢľɫâֹâһ칭ѿңֻĵĶߣҪɶ
һοЦˣħӣĹˣ׷Ļˣҵ°ɣҲʬǣ£
ɫ˼Ǿ޴ز֮⣬ȴûһǳη塢ǵȵң󣻵˭˵δң䲻ԸϣϷõŽõ𣿡
ɫޱѿˣΪ˵ʵңҲ䣬ܾʹ䣬δҵļסֻ𣿵ס𣿡
ԣ֪ˡ
𣡡
һХԪâõ£һ˿ĿХУ칭ʮ֣
ң
ͬһ˲䣬Ҳȫߵľһ·ڵȫ˳Ҳһ룡
ҲʱʤˣУս棬Ҳ𾪲ѣо֮ǰķǰ⣬ȫϣϣ۾һĨݹ⣡
ֻҪɱУʲôֶΣʤ߲ʸȥж˭˭аʤ˵ţϾȻһȻӣȴһ֣һ֣
֣ʤΪ˴ɽɱħӣ׼ķȻƷ˵ҲƷʵȴƷҪǿôһ㣡
׼һ̣ͻȻޱȵûпʹûбľ磬ƿлŽޡ
ľֻһֻ֧
ֺ񣬼
ָоָҪɼ֮ʱ
ͻȻ䣬һɼ䲻õԤӿ˳ϵͷԤУ˳ϵĿ龳磬Ӱɲʱȫ
ħӣɣ


514 һЦ˭
ִʮɱƿնҪħӡ
ͬһ˲䣬ֻ
̶ֻĵġֱĹһϮҪ̴ħӵ壬ȡ
Ԥȫ֮ʱҲ룬ŭ𾪵ȵûУһʱ佫ɶȥμǱ׼Ҳ˲ָϿգЮŻϢ֣
⣬Ҳһ̣
һָۣ֮Ӵָȡڵȵۣ֮ҵסһֻڵҲҵסһֻ
ɢϳסһֻסһֻ
һϵжȫһɲ֮䡣
䣡䣡䣡
죬ؼ䣬·⾪ը죡
ܼլӣ类ĳһƬƽأԲʮ֮еĴڣǻľɽʯݣȫΪһƬҽΪޣ
Զ֮ľǵĹϳǽҲһѺۣ
⾪춯صը죬ȴɳ̺ʮ̺Ԫײģ֮һֻײкڵײ
ը󣬰־ֱѳƬǿҲķѣǾ˵ƣȴϮʤ
ʤ֮Уӵǿ󣿾ȻָˣҡʤţƣɢǹֱϮ
·Ϊֻϣ˱һֻ֮ײȥڶֻҲźڵײϣסֻȻܼͣȴҪݣɴʱĳϣޱȵͲȫ
ԣֱֻ࣡
гȥĵֻҲԭ򣬽ķһ㣬ɳȴǾ޴ײ˳ȥﴫ¶˿˿Ѫ
ǿӾڱһ𣬾öѿȫΪֻڳڵԪ£ͺһ󷨣ޱȣɱ𣻿ûάУҲֻֽϻѣ
ڳɳȥͬʱǱڱָ֮£ٴϣֻҲͬɱڶ
ϿУʤɲǼʮƣȻûǹȫɢǹײϣѿԪ֣ըϡãȻը˸飬ɫڣ߹ǶѣǸһѪ
ʤ𾪵ױȵĵزңҰѾ˾󲿷ֵĹȻֱֻĻֱһغˣ
ҲоֻͬǼûֻԵסֻҲ˶
£ûзؿһ֮صĳϣϽȡҩ̷Ҳֻ˸ɺ֮أԪ䣬лԪǲܵģһƬԪѾޱȵػң
̷ⵤҩ߽ԪԪֳ߽׵ҩҲֻһţ̷Ҳ׵ҩܹػָԪ
߻ָţЦ˵ϣ㲻ҪҪҡԡȡϡˡͷ
ʱϸոֹסƣ
ֻסɱ
ۣ
ھ֮УܣȻܿλǶߣϱһɾ޴ŷɳȥϰԶݺݵĶ˵ϣ
Ѫ罦Ⱦ˴ء
ĩ
ڳŵһֻڲͣزûнֻ䵽ǰϲʹԵһֻΪ֧㣬һ
󣬱ܿ˵ҪֻȻ˳ϴ֮ϣ
ͬҲǼĩٴνϺݺݶڵϣ
ֻҿ㻹ô߻ָԪߴЦ˵ħӣҲ˶ѣ㽫ұֻ£
䣬ʣֻҲϮ
֮ײ˳СϣֻûŵһԶײ
ۣ
ϿѪֱСҪһ㣡
һƬѪ֮УڵۿڵҲҪظ֮۵Ľ֣³Ѫȴȫڵ˽ȥʱ۵ʹâҲ÷ֺ
ף
ȳûϵڵȻܱɴŭȵƣƿ
ܵŭ⣬һ𶯣ƺڵ
ǣǵûƿǱڵ
ţϵĴһ˵ϡ
ʲô
ӣһƬѪ죬ħӾҪɱֻҪɱħӣԻΪһ²ѫ˵Ժһ֮λģ
һҪɱħӣһҪ
ħһ㣬˲ŻָɵԪҪɱȥ
ʱдһ
Ȼʤȳʤʱ۾ǺڵǷŭ𾪣ﻹţ㣬Ȼ㣬ôԨٳģ
ʤǺڵȻϳǰħӣǵһСˮСƷħӣ
ʤĻֻͣ½ŲָԪЩ΢΢ˬȴ˵ʦ֣Ǿһħӣʮˡ
ħӣ㾿ʲôˣαڣҹ¶о˳ЦʤԼϵ֣Ϊʤˣܻ׽ģ̫ϳǰҪǳֵĻֻǽһƻУ
źڵͻȻϻһ˿˿Ϣ֮ԪָĴָϣʤʻЦЦѣЦУȫǷ̡
ͷˣ㻹Цóʤ˵
Ц֮ˣȻҪЦһʣȻп͵Ϯ֮£㻹˵Ϸ˳ЦϷ֪ǽ͵Ϯ֮£˵֪ǵǳЦ㣬ǳЦϷ򣡿ЦǿЦЦɣ޳ܡ
ˣ
ʤͷȻǱ˵ĻʹϾһнʣ
ˣôܹأȻЦ˵ȴǽԼţԼĴȣǵģǽγǽγÿƶһ㣬ܵʹߣ
ɾʹزϻڴЦ˵͵Ϯ湻һڳİ˳Ц㣬ϷԲЦ㣬ΪϷϰˣǰͷҲôɹұĻҪɣ㻹ûѧأᣬϷ㣬
ȻôҪȥϷһ̣ȥɣ
ʤŭݿѹһƣȵƷϵһƣ죬ӡΡɽǿƥ


515 ׷ɱ
ʤһƵ˲䣬ȻһĴأǷ֮ӴͦεӱѪȾ͸źʹɭȻѪ
ʹóڿֿ죬ϵĶȴҲûһֻ
켴ûؿ񱼣ȺɽֻȺɽз̵Ļᣡ
һƬȺɽ
֮ѪձضӱֻϷǱܺãǾ͵ŰɣѪծѪӰƮӾðһ㣡
֮£Ϸӣ
ʤΪ⣬ǸħӡԪޣѾǿ֮ĩŶѣһ£ħӡرҵѪɣһű
һ˲䣬Юƺ֮Ȼѹ¡
ڵӭƳȥһײ֮£Ȼ޹⣬ֱӱķɣƼѹȥԪָʷȦųԪ㣬ֻһ㱻ƣʵʵڳϡ
һҪĳ㣬Ѫ£ߵķݣٷԶ֮׷ǰķɵĺڵ
ʤۿţųҵϡ
ǣ֮䶼ȥˣӲûҵأȻڿзУһǺڵ˻Уս˴ָ
Ͼǿѵ֧顢ľأڵͷŵ֮ǰص֮£ͦ˹޴İ˰֥ɺҲǷųСĴ£߾ȫųǰС
һĻʤɫڵÿҪšˮҧгݵ˵Ǵ룬ϷҲǵý˵ţʤ̤նȥ
û׷ǰǶأ޼ɣڿգ칭ǳЦ˵Σ㻹ܵסҵļ˵ҪҼµģ
ϣ޼
أ޼գۼгϺ󱳣ϡۡ³ѪӷڿУȫѪ뿪ҪǻƤţѾѿ
ѪϾûֱĹ룬ȴźź˿
ﴢصĲľ˲ȫӿ˳޲ųϵӣӼǰ׹ξƶ֮£ȺɽѾǰ
Ҳھгӵһ̣ʤɱѾϣһײ֮£ϾȻһԾ֮󣬳ϵӣȺɽ

ֻңʤ׷һӵ
֪ȻħӡѾȷǰǸ߳ƵħӣǣħҲһڴĪѣھʦ񹦶˻ȥ˵׼ǰļħӣ֮ǰħ
׼׷֮ʱȴһŶǷۿȥȴһȺӣɫָѤöĿ𷢳̶˾ȵǣЩֳɢɱøҡ
ʤһ֮䣬ڽعſ֮ͯѪ֥ɺ棬ȴֱǵļ̣̽ǵ塣
ʹ裡
˻عѪѾʧ˺һرǱһս̫ʵɶûлָͻȻϮЩδ
ɶССϣѪ㣡
ŭץס֥ɺ棬˾ʹһȴûǰ㣬ɷĩһ֥ɺ滹ûͬʱ֮УڵѪֶʧ˺ö룻ĻˣٷѾȥֱ֥ɺϰγȻӳȥ칭ҽɱ
ˣҲҪѺôľɱһֻ֥ɺ棬ȴİֻǷʵ۷״̬֮ʱȻ壬龰Ԫʣ޼ֻˡ
ʦ壬ң
ʤȣȴ֪ʤҲȻȱľҪЩȴҲòĶȥرһֻɫĹֳ棬ǿò񻰣ѪٶȸǿֲħӵǿȾ㹻ɲˣЩӣҲһɲ
ո꣬ʤȣ͵һ𣬻Ԫһ󲿷֥ɺ䣬СֻȻʤϣʤнâɨ䣬ʹֳǰ֥ɺϡ
ʦ壬ȡҡ
ԽԽ΢ˣˮ֡ѪĴȱʧѾˮ״Ƥɿݣʤһ𣺡Ͻѭأѭأ
Ͻﻹѭ˵أʤ״ݺݿǰµĵطһۣһڱߣһɨɨ󲿷ֵ֥ɺ棬켴ץסѭضȥ
ѭصһ̣С֥ɺ棬ٳȻˤ֮طȥٶģûгģ֮Уʤ
ʤͳҩñ̷һڴˣƻָòˣǰѰͬʱһӣΧɽһܸһ˿ᣬˡ
ǣʦ塣
̷˵ҩ֮ɫ࣬Ԫ˵õ֮أܼӿƻָʵ
ʤûг̤նУֱڴﴩҺ˶Ԫ򣬻֪ô֥ɺľأ
ˣܣܲ˵ģܲ˵ġʤ߼ٴƺڸԼΪƷ壬ܵˣҲᣬǻˣȻˡ
ת˲֮䣬ʤ㵽صƬ֮£ӴﱩԾ
Ȼյʤûп˵ĳϣҰƬⰻȻľʧеֻǿ֦ҲûѪϷ򿴵ŶԣأЩ͸Ź졭
ʤ߰˰׵һչػصɨţȴûһ֣ʤŭֱðԪƣҪйһ£ûнƻӳЩͻɻң׷
⳾УʤоǰЩֳӣּٳʤŭɶнʣȴһȺӷ۸Կ
ʤûнŭų֥ɺ潻սǸɴѭ֮Уڶ˵ץס˵ġħӡҪΣ飡
ʤڴĴͣ̽ʱ֮󣬻Ǻʤûоʹ˷ȺɽȥֻҪ㻹ţϷܻҵģ
˿̣ϢȫתʮһȡŲľ޲ӣûдһǴһǹ㻻һط
ˣҲмΣʤ֣֥ɺ棬ڻѰһ֮ŲľоػָңһǾϲģľϲ


516 
ȥˣʤѾǻͷ棬ģǿ»ƣٲнʵϡ߸ϵ̬ȻûҵǸħӵӰ
ʤҲҵһЩɣħȺɽӵģЩɻߵɭõֻ֤Щ֤ʤЩľ˺а񹦷ɭڼ̵ʱڱɳĮ
ʱ䣬Ҳָ˹ȥһڵѾٶľȺɽ⣬ϢҲһڣ
ʱʤæ׷ɱϣҲܲǻ¶ܲ˳ȥ˳ҲһɱˣħӾ˵Ϣ˳ȥϢţҲ˲ţϾһڻô꣬ܲȻٶȣ뿪ľǣ
˿̣ʤվһ鷽ԲʮɵɳĮǰʤ˵Ǳ뾡ץסȻչȥܻʲô⣡
üһ˵ʦ壬ǲȥˣֻҪˡ
Ϊʲô
ҿһ·ϳΪɳĮ򣬶ڼΪδǷֹ£Ҳѷ֣ħȺɽȥȻˣǾٶȸϵǰȥѰ֮أħԶ
˵꣬ʤ¶Цݣű˵⣬һץסħӣ㹦û
ʦ壬ǱӦķ֮£⣬ЩֳҲΪοֻҪйֳӳ֣˵ħ֮ԶϽǫ˵ʤͣصͷֻץܰģ治֪ӽԨųȥģѵһͨ·ͨ棬ҪĻһ˵һҪħ˵
ʤ˵űҪѭضߣȴϻǳʤʵʲô𣿡
ʦ壬ΪҵǸܲûҹѾһڵӼٰҹɱɱ˵Ϣ˳ȥЩ˵ʤȴȫΪ⣬ЦⷽͲʦˣ˵һڵɲ˵˵ѣѪģ˵ȫˣôľǵˣȫ죬˾ͲᴫϢˡ
ǱĺʤͽǡĻ˵˳ﻹ𾪣ʤѾû¶һѭضȥϽϡ
һߣĳһɽ֥ɺȫ˳ȥأѰ̽ʱ˱ںɽ壬ȱ
һε飬ӴѪϸǱŵܹͬ£һǿԱƷ֮ڵǿŵ飬Ҳ˱仯ˣһ㡣
ڵԪȴûиŻָ۷״̬Ҳͻָɵӡ
ȻԪûȫָ׼ȥҪзˣԪ㣬ܹģֻ
ֻǳû㹻Ԫṩ뿪١ɽڶľȻǲܵһ£
ûзֻʮѹʲôۼʶˣҲߵֻע˳ʮҽԪһѹֻڴָҲɢֲϢֻѹơ
ϴʱĥģںһȭ֮ϣ罫ʮȭһȭҪÿһȭܼڶȭȥƾѹҲͶʮǼޣ
һʱʱϻڿ˼
Ǳߣʤ֮̽ѡһϢ
ҹɫ٣óؽؽǰѪսУ϶ûжΪǻỹһ̣뱩¶֣ʹΣеɣٴȥһѣңȡʵ
ϱţһһεؽؽѹȳϻعʱ𾪲ѣΪѾؽѹʮΣƷҲ಻ܳܳξѹؽʮΣȴûʲôӦ
ؽƷף󡣡
һѹ֮ʱԺͻһؽ֮ܽһ𣬾һƷԽãʢŵԽ࣬Խֲ˵ϾȭͷֻҪȭͷ￪һڣʱһμ
ֻǣο٣
ϸףַ˳֮ľܹԪܹʹԪȻܴ桪ܡ
ôһתϲ֮ɫ취ͨ
ȥѰ֮ʱС˳ߣһ֮󣬳ϵЦݣһʢֱãҸ˯˵ͷ㲻ҵĥʯһҵṩߣ
ԭղСرʤǰԶŵϢϲû̳һҲǶ֣ǣһˣҾܸˣȺȻɱͨȻɱʤڼ̵ʱڣɱ
󣬳С´Сһ󻶽Уٷ˳ȥ
ʱ֮ʤԱ˵֮ǰļ͹˵ħӦŶԣڹôʱˣȴûӰѲʶǵļƻǡ
ʦ壬Ӧòģ˼أԵȻ֪ʲôа϶ˣֻҪ˻ûкãͿ϶
Ҫˡʤ˵ͻס죬ת˵Щֳˡ
仰˶˷˵ֳ˵ħѾԶˡ
ЩֳӺǹŹ֣һҪǷ˲Ծǵļƻɾ͡
ӦòɣǲڴЩֳҲܷ֣ɵ˵ʤȴÿһֳʱĳȷ˵˵׼
ȥԱȷһʧҧгݵ˵ǰ֥ɺһĻԺһ˫ȭͷýأҪǺÿ
ʤһ룬˵ֳûз֣ͲҪóȻЩֳ棬˵ܽħӵĲ֮
ʦ忼ǵܵǻĳŭѭ֥ɺȥ֥ɺһƬĴʱСнһĴɢһǰ֥ɺ棬ϵһ𣬺ƺƵǰȥţʤԽԽԶ
֥֮ɺ浽һ±ߣͣȰΣκ쳣಻סǹŭ𣬱ȻӴȥ˵칭âֱն֥ɺ档
֥ɺ沢ûз룬ȥ
ʱ״ֳָ


517 ˲ɱ
žʹѹԣҪһһǳɣȫֻҪ˲֮ˡ
ڳϸո׼һɲǣëը𣬸оΣϮ
һ˲֮䣬ΣԺδΣյĸоֵĸоһģһ֪Լмˣħӣֳһս
ͬʱһĳϣոһؼɳʯɾɱɽּ䣬ּҶһεɱݲеƬƬ㣬˺ϱܱסľҲԶжѣƳգƺƴؾҡ
Ҳʤʤ뵽ֻײĻ棬ɫһ䣬Ѹ±߳
˿̣Ӷ貵֮⣬رȼյķ棬ճĵǿƣ
Ը˲䱻֮
ŭغһ䣬ǿֲӺԥȥ±߰ٶֻ֥ɺ氺Ȼһ³ǽǽ
̲û˲͸ķȴǵôһ
ڴʱ
һĿĵĹâֱ֮࣬ǧ֮һʱ䣬˲ɱֱڱұϣ
֮Яűֱײȥ;֮ȫײ飬ԼҲݣֱ칭Ҹұۣұ۱ըͬʱٴȥ
Ҫȥ˲䣬ٶܿٶ𣿡
һ㶣³һ֮ʱ˻֮⣬һ£Ѿ˱ǰ㲻Ҫһսҳȫ㣡
ȥɡ
ûȥܳΪʲôΣɢǰǿֻ佫ʵΪȫɲǼ䣬Ԫۣ۵ɫâľɫ֮⣬Ա˵Ԫ˿ȴǿۺϵһ𣬿ϣּҲǲѣ֪Ϊڿ־壡
칭ϣеζɢǿѹʣһֳֻ֣칭ֱ칭ɽʹЮ貹âƺƵĿȻն£
ɲû˿ңﾫ˸һɾ˵ս⣬кڱͬʱȡؽע˳ʮѹؽ
˫Žն칭
ƥâ룬ֱǵʹâնռƺҲΪ֮ŤǲľؽХ֮ʱš顱ȴƬƬѿ
ؽǸһ㣬ٱƵ칭ǰն£
䣡
޴ֱ˷Բ֮ڣȫΪޣ⴦ֱаɸߵ£ӲըʮɣһƬըУһ̶ġﭡ
ȴ칭Ҷˡ
켴ǡꡱ칭ˡ
ؽն£ԴоƽĻӣӲˣ뷴ȫƣ
ûְ취ؽնڱԴϣ¡֣ã͵ؼն£Ȼն˵λãؽһбն
飡
ǰһ뻹һӣһ̣Ѿն룬Ѫ䵽ԣǿűԪһԪˣֱա
һϵжٶ֮죬쵽˱Աʶûв
û֪ͣʤ϶ѾϹˣҪץʱ뿪һץסԪˣһӣ̱ʯĴָһԶɨָźɫնһУȫɻҽԭĻҽޡ
켴ֱԾ£֥ɺżȥ޴
뿪²ʮϢʱ䣬ʤʤһƬޣֱ־֮УĴѰްֱӰ

ʤŭпʼֻţΪô˵ҲǳʣȴӵʱڱնɱһۼҲû¡
ʤ˺òıҲܻشʤҲʶˣХħӣӵĺǣϷҪ㣡֡Сڡ㣡
ʤɽּҪҵټıɽصĴɢȥľеˣХЩߣֻɫѾ԰ף˫ǦһôҲ־֡
Ⱥɽ֮еһҶǻĳϣЦҲӵģҪӵ㣡Ҵͨ˭˭
˵⻰ϡۡ³һѪҲһͷڵϣ
Ȼղ⺷նɱ˳ʣɳܵ˺Ҳ٣ֻľ˳ڶ϶䲻ؽն칭նܵķҲ൱Ҫų֧֣ؽͨлԪָʹȦ˵öͬھˣעʮεؽʵֲ̫ڻ֮У
Ͻʬȡ˳ַų֥ɺ棬С֥ɺ棬ʬϣôʱҲЩ֥ɺ棬ܹѪ֮ѪΪԽߣ˵Խкô
һҹϾϢſҶΪͨ
磬ȴַ죬һʣµλкھһۣűǱƣĬȴһɷŭһɳޣһɱڿռ
ĸһɽħӸҴҪˣҪʬǵͷһ˵һˣ˻ᣬȹΪ֪ȴɱѵһֱ̣ɽնǸħӣǺھƣûȫָҪæԣŭ֮µһ棬ʣĴȫɽ
ᰡ֮ɫһݣ˵񣡡
ھ˵֤ó̶ȣ
ھ˵һΪʲôǵҪ
ھ֪Ҫٲ˵ǾԲеģ૵֮壬Ҫ壡
Ŀþޱȣһ£˺ɽѵǻȵʤҲ𣿡˸Ͻȥﻹס御ɱ֮һɽа󣡡
ǣ
һĵӣѾкһִֵľǣʮһ飬ʼɽѰһڵӣԴԴϵظϹܿҷȻڴС
ģһڵӣĪϣд߸ߵϸ֯̽ӣ̽ӣŵĳԱ
ϲɽ֮£賿ʱ֣˹һϵĵϽԼӵ״̬óǿ˶Ԫˣһ̷ȥ


518 ʮɣϷˣ
ʵԪˣȻͬ죬ϸ̷ȥһתԪеľԪͺƺƵӿڳϵ죬ֱһȪˮrr֮С
ԳҲ˰ʱŽԪ˸øɸɾбָеҩҲһˡ
ϵұۣʹһ㣬ϸȥֱк
ѹһһεѹÿһԪѹѹĵز
Ͼڵӣǿ
Ԫ˰ʱѹ㻨˳ʱʱ䣬ϵĶͷϣǶĺ֮ɫ
һ˲䣬ϵ۾ͻؾĿҪֱȭϿһ㡣
зתǿǹɳ
壡
źһ֣ӴƥԪͬǧֻڲԭϰ㣬ֱͨλóȥϸоұۿ챬ըѿƵģֱϵľţѪޱȣǼеһһ飬еȴȥһ״
Ԫײȥһײϡãǿк£һ·ǰկҪһͨȻڴ֮ͨĵʱ򣬹ԪҲһ룬ʣµԪһޱȣ
۾гһ죬Ϭ֮ʢţԥǺʣµĻ𺣣ȫͷųˮԪ治ˮԪ˿ͷţѹեһѪ
ˮԪɭɭѪϮΪԪṩԪһԪƵģٴη񹥻ǰȻͨٶȺǰ
һʱȥϵұۣͻҲݣָֻƤһѪϳһʣµ֮һͨڴͨ
ʮɣ
ϸ֮£ȴʮ־֮ͬĴͻȻ˲٣ǰľҪСϺܶࡣ
״ûж룬ֻΪԪֹͣŵµģӿţ˵һ󣬳Ͼʹٲ˵ǾҲü˲١
ͨˣܲǰ޴ӵ֪ҲۼԼĵڵĵ飬ɫޱȣǹɺϢҲٵÿ
֪Ϊֹӱ׵յƬƺƻ𺣣Ϊֹһ㲻ʣˣҪھ۵ֽâѪҲò֮࿹
ںŴӾ֮䣬֪Ժδĺ𣬳Ͽɲʹ˽ˣǿһӣˮԪӡ
˿ָ̣ԪͬʱԺúָҪǰһ뵽ϱ㲻ֹظֳһ뷨ɣ
Ԫ׳Լһúøǿ
ǰڶս֮У֮ҲԪ˵⺮ҲӦܹɲŶԣֻǣ⺮ں𣬼֮𡢷֮ȶֲͬʵĻܱøǿ𣿡
ĥʣ˰Σ˵ˮڣˮ⺮кβܣ˵ǺǱʲǻ𣿡
һˣϴ⣬ָһúɣ
ͨ͸е˼֮Уһڵҵ֥ɺѲš
Ⱥɽ֮ϣһڵɽʮһ飬ÿһжһֻźżֻҪһҵϣ䷢ȥʤվɽ֮ϣеŭֻҪһδźżĴǸħӣʬΣ
ᰡ֮Ѿڸľǵ·;֮УǸϵúܼһ·֮ϣϢƬ̣ҹ··ٶȣֻҪʱ䣬ִܹ
ĪϺѵľǾڣλªϸҲ֮Զ
ʱҴҹһ֮󣬳ֻۣһʱ䣬ȻûȫָָֻңȻʹȥҪԼ崦۷״̬
ϴҶ߳СĿǰƣǹճЦĻȣޱɱɢȻɱңǾͱҷɱˡ
ⲻΣתʮӲľտʼΧСʱ򣬻˵֪ɻĮķΧԽԽ󣬸ѲѲƬһڵҲͷˣųΪС鳤Ҳһʱ䣬Ҫ䷢źż
ȻոսԪע룬С鳤۾һӰûӦʲôʱӰֱӴ̽Դֻáꡱһ㱻ѪȪһҪԴṆ̀С鳤Ҳֽ֡
󣬳һط֥ɺȴǰճϵķԸһʱ䣬ȴһߣһ˹˹ȻźżǼֻ֥ɺҲûнǴʩΪȴӰһӰ
ʤźż˲ʮʱ䣬ƬĮҪ˿һƬߣһڵӵʮʬ֮⣬ʲôҲûУûгϵӰ
ʤûоɥЦ˵̲סˣֻҪˣǾ˵ڿ쵽ˣ켴һڵѵøϸһ㣬һ㣬Ǿץˣһͣ˭ּܷħӵټͽһƷʮƷԪʯ
ͣһڵӷ
ʤոշԸ꣬źżʤһϲȥﻹ϶ҵˡ
ϧʤٸϵ֮ʱģ͸ղŵһģһ
ʤɫˣûĥζźżʤٴηȥ
ֻźżĵطģǻĮʬ壬ħһӰûǹŭ𣬿ʼۼҲЩ˦ϷϷץסǵðƤ
˵꣬ʤֻֿźż
ֻֻʮֻʮֻ
ʤӶɵַɵٴӶϣϵʮηÿεĿĵأĳ˻Įʬ壬ʱʤȻףħ֪֪ÿźżʱֻɹȥ
ΪһħӾǴûȥʹˡ
ʤԼٶȣԽԽ죬˿ûй˼ԪʧнʵΪԪȡǼ򵥵öࣿ
ֻǣŭͳ޳ԴʤֻһץϺĥûע⵽ĵԪڴȡԪ
أ
ȻһһĻĮʤŭ𣬳֪ԼļƻЧˡ
ʤڱϷˣĹУŭʧȥǣʧԪֻ෴ȡԽԽ࣬ϵʵɿٻָɡɡ߳ɡ
ʮĮϵʵѾָųɣΪȷһʧȻһͬʱţϣԸ
˵ţϽʮѹȥ


519 岨
ʮȭʮ
룬ģ֮ͣĴȭͷʱ٣Ź
һڶʮӿ룡
һ͵һȭͷͺ¡¡纣ˮ㣬ײ˻пںХײܡ
羪İ
Ȼ˿ҰûбըҲûʧǴ棡
ģ˵ϵԸǳˡ
ǣϣȴûаЦݣüø
Ϊ뵽ֻ
ƷȴֻܳѹѹĽҲֻʮģ
ϵ壬ȻǿĿǰҲֻܺƷеһƴƷԶ֪²ܴǰǿȣϾԽ󣬽׾ԽѣʼֻʯײͱڵĴ֮Ѿȫûã
ˣƷǿȣܳܵѹ
ǲܣʮԽ棬ԽǡߡĴڣɡɽ㡢㣬ǻ϶ˣǿȸϵĻܲˣô΢΢
ĿǰϸоѹȻвĸоûгϵļޣʮУܽܽ
ԺЩ⣬ɳϵĽŲȴûͣ£ȻһţȺɽ֮䣬صʤŭħӣϷɱһЩΪˣӢۺúҪ֣ϷúôһܣħӣϷ
Щϻδţֻʮӿ
顭
ڵʮͬսһͣʯգȭͷñȺڵҪ󣬳ϵӲԽңһұƫȥ
ЩҪģҪǣϸоȭͷĿ񱩣Ҫըʮֵһը˵ұ۸ըûˣֻҲҪը鲼һһأһһƵġ
ըˣϾޱȱˡ
һ·޳Ǹ߽佫ûɱ֮ЩûɱһɽϣֻԵ۶ûܳء
ڣȴǵһԼҪԼըľ棡
ȭͷϵѪܣѪѾȥһ˫ȭͷò԰ɫȴѪޱȣȫѪ·һ˲䣬Ҫըˣ
ǴѾѪ£۾ﱩս⣬ҧģҸģǻҲɣתתת
ʮֵΣ֮ʣϤֶΣת
ǿп˳תһ̣ҲǼѵ̣ܿ񱩣ܲǱϾڳڵģǿѹȥʼγת
һתǹɱըΣУɢϴһͷ¿ſ亹ãһֶӮˡ
ǿѹҲûнϢ
Ҳʱзеʤӳϵͷ߿գһѾһǧ֮ȴͻصתղһ쳣ϢôͻȻûˣ
ʤƬÿһɨ
һɨɨ˳ϵµѪЩδɢĺ
ʱʤϲѪˣͦذãܺãܺáʤѪһ뷨⣬ȫûΪΪħ˲ɱĴۣ϶غء
⣬ʤХħӣɣϷҵˣˣӲ˵ģ
Щȷǳ˳ϵĶǰһϢһǧɣʤϻͣ˽Ųûܣ֪ʤĺֻƣϢʤǷΧ֮⣬ʤûз
ǣϻͣˡ
תͬʱת˵ʮǴЦ˵һǧɵʵҲͲָʮ˰ɣ
деľʼ˿ľȫʱӹʮ
ɲǼ䣬ϵһ⡣
⣬óϸоˬɳĮһˮ
۾һǣӹ֮ʱԭСӰȻޱȵ˳ʮתţǹɢʱֿһصĿ񱩱֮ǰͣ·˭ǵİĶҪƴһ
񣬸Ͻ͵ʮһӿ룬ְƽ˾
˼
΢Цţøӿ롣
ڵʮ֮ĴǸĵطϸоƺкܴĿռ䣬һԥ켴ᶨ
ͳ˵Ĳ
ССģĲʮûȻ󲨣ϲؼǹУϳһ岨
岨֮ǸĵطҲˣ岨תţǹɱƥҲˣҳϵȭͷָԭ״ԭһС
ϵЦݣأ岨һ֮³һֻڸǣȻȻͣΣҲ
û岨Ϲһʣˡ
岨ͬʱľήʤΧ֮ڣթϵʤϲӰȼеҪ죬գۼ䣬վ˳ǰ
ʤϣǿЦ˵ħӣϷ㻹ܣ
ϳûһֻۣǵ˵׳գ
㡭ʤһֵͣúúãϷռˣȻ㿴Ϸ˺Ŀ飬һڼһڼϣһڼһżϷ֮أ
ϷǰҲҳϷҲϷ򣿡
ħӣװˣװһڣֻʣһ·ˣʤ˵ƤЦⲻЦ˵ˣذɣ
Ϸˣ
Խô˵ʤԽųˣ˵ֻζѣʤȵħӣɣϷΪ𣡡
ƾ㣿
𣿡
˵أ۶ûϷ򣬽ƾһˣҪϷ˵ʤ粻ȴǻص죬Ǻں֮ˮ𣿡
ûкں֮ˮҲҪ࣬һȭ͹ˡϾȭת岨ȭ


520 ֣ȭ
ʤϵֻȭͷסˣΪ¶סΪϵԲ
˺һʤͷЦħӣǲ˵ˣ
ţЦ
ϻʤһȻŵӣ֮ôɱ
ϴʤĻЦ˵׼ȷһ㣬ɱ
ʤɫΪ룬Ϸܱ֤óȡͷ
𣿡
ǵģΨһĽ֡
ϻǵʵ֪ʲôĽ𣿡
ɱ㣬ȡĸַȻٽɱȹˣЩˣƺկЩˣٱľǵˣɱ˶жˣȫˣ
˵ǵģǰһޱȣɱˣ߼޻ҡ
лл佱Ϸʤߣʤ߲Ϊû˵𣿡ʤϲһ¶ȴҲڰв쿴ЩֳӣЩֳӻܸٵ鷳ԣ˵ţһڵĵΧסЩֳ棬һɱħӡ
ҡͷⲻĽ֣Ľǡ˵ͣͷƬ񷣬֮󣬲ŵͷʤ˵ϸ߿գһ֪ʲôˡ
仰ʤЦħӣô򵥵ȦףϷм𣿡
ԭԼûģ㺦ԼһϿգϷʧˣץˣ𣿡ЦʤɫΣصϷһ֮ˣ
Ϊβҷϸ߿һأϱĵʤҪŭȴͻЦˣħӰħӣļûõģϷ򲻻ϵģɣҪһ㣬ʵشϷ⣬Ϸ˵ܸһȫʬ
Ҳ̫ԼˣϷʹüϱζʮ㣬ֵϷǲ㷢֣Ϊǰܹڻܹվ𣿡
ʤһʱħӲǵʩչаط治һܷ֣ôΪϣǾͬģһ۳ϣֳȷʵûһûӵף˵ãϷȥҪʲôֶΣ
켴һԾɿգֱϾŰףӴء
ȥһƬȺɽ಻ͷʤҲûʲô֮
ʤ׼ص֮ʱЩû̶ǵĴڣЩطüħӸ˵ģֱǡ
˵ţʤ߽ƬƬհ׵ش
ʤĻû˵꣬ҰЩհ׵شȻԺһͼʤüͷ⻭棬Щһ֡
ʤԺСǸޱȵƮʶ
ʤʱޱɱһ֮ϣǾŭ
ΪʲôʤǸ֣˷Ӧ
ֻΪǸ֣һ֣
ʤص棬ûϷѣϾЦʵģǿˣĽֺʺɣ
˵ʤ֮ǰϷˣķŭһ֮£ӿ˶㣬ŭģһѪסˣʤҪЮŭʱЦ˵Ѫ¾°ŶܣͲ¸ˣ
ۣ
ʤ̲ס۵³ѪʤȫɫâţƬеԪʤۣʤ֣ǡơǽճȭħӣϷɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ȭ𣿡۾⣬һţͶڵأֱӿħӵЩŨԪɢȵ죬Ϸһȭ֮£
ʤҲǶڵأ̤ǰϻʮ֮ʱͻһȣȭ
ͦ磬һȭ͹ҽȭɣϵ˵Ҳ͵ؼ٣Ȼӭʤȥ
ʤһʽȭ磬ȭͷúսȭͷϵɫâֱ֮⻹ҪңΧĴأҲһʮ㣡
۳ߣȴһƬƽʲôûУδδѣȭͷƽǰСΪӿĲľðһȦɫ
ֻһƬʤ羪κ˵ƱδⰲЩ£һ֣ᣬָɽڵζ
ʤȭͷϵĴСһȦɫоľԪϢĵľԪҲ֮ܳΪȭϷŴ֮壡
ʮ֮࣬ȫԲƣ£˵ȭͷײ
ʤԺѾ뵽ֻȭͷġȭ֮£ҷ𣬽ħӵ壬ֱӻΪ
ײһ˲䣬ʤȴһľĸо
ϸ̽Ϊλľ¡¡ıըѾƬ֮䣬ʤĶʱһ
ʱʤǴ㶵ĿͿֻʮ֮һСȭͷûûбѣεصסȭͷٽһ硣
ңֻСȭͷȻɢϢƣʤֻȭǴȭֻһʯȭѡ
ϣħӾûôǿΪζ̶죬ӵǿ
ʤޱȵŨ״ʱʱнʵܣȫϴӴ֮ȡԪԵֵסϣɱС
ȭӵд֮𣿡˵Ŀɱֱʤʤͻҵģ˿ҡһȣнϷǰнϷˣˣˣ
һġˡըУ岨תһкʤһˣϾͶסȭͷһ·档
岨к֮󣬳ֿʼһֵľһһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͳȭĵʮ֮ϣÿһЮŴûбըĿܡ
ʤϷˣķ˲Ԫټ֣ϼѪֱһȭ𾪣˿̣Ȼǻţû뵽ɵգֻҪȥҪϴ򵹣ﻹţϷнʣ򲻹Ϸġ
Ϸ˵ˣϷǰ㲻ԳϷ򣡡
ųʮϰײţʤоұҲ飬һ·Уħײ˲ľײ˸ߴʯײÿҲꡱ죡
һڵӣһĻܶˣǸſ˵ģ첨ʦ棿Ǹˣħô
һƬľʯײ֮󣬳ڳǰһɽ±ڣ
Դˣûͣ£۾ӿս⣡
ʮͻȻӿ
ȻҲѪӻھҲƱը֮ǰԤףɳʤǸߴɽ壬ײȥ
ɽϷ


521 һȭѪȾķ
ʤѪѪͿҪѪﱬѳӣðһɰɰ֮£ޱȵؿֲұ۵ƤѾѿһѪ۽ݺ᣻˫ҲĻ棬ķʤӿ˼δйľ⣬ˡӡ뷨
Ȼӡʤ˵һ裬ֱҪӣпܾͲһĿܲһ˲⡣
ʤҪԾȥ
ϲʤ뷨ȣڣ㻹ӵ𣿡
켴ֻȭһУһɫУǿʤ벻÷ֺ
ӣʤĻˣ֮ǰΪҪӣǿ϶ûʲôģ߾ߡ
ڵΣȴʤ߾ߵ˵ġ
˵ɫķ֮ڼԪʤӣƬ±ڣһϢĹ򣬾Ҫײˡ
ǧһ֮ʣʤһУ
һΪȹ̵ߣһУ
뵽⣬ʤǲ¶ЦеȫռȻһɣֱϵȥ֮Уǰħӣ϶סʶҵǧ֮һ˲䣬ħӵȭͷûתĺ󱳣һоƣħͽɽ
򷴰Ϊʤ
뷨ǺõģȻھھһ֮󣬾һֱţʤǵЦ㶴뷨Ͻջأһţôһһİ
ԣʤ֮ʱ˲ûƬϺ޷Ӧˣ
ǵˣǷתԪҲûаͣʶһʱ䱻һĴ׷ɱŭĪŭζ֪ȥ֪ŭмҲܻأܼŭɺųϵÿһë
ǿҵĻ
ϵѾŤһѪţÿһ͹ÿһ鼡ⶼڲÿһͷ죡
ҧгݵغҲûãϷɣ
ʤڸоԼȻʧЧһ̣ѾңֵܹסģҪôרķҪôǶԷΪߡ
ûʤҪô꣬Ͻǹͬˮްƥͷųʤӣһ㷴ûУͱϺݺҽ±
񱩵һƬ֮䣬к¡죻һɽʼʯ䣡
ͬʱʤġȭֱӱըұըɷĩ
Ҳͬһ˲䣬ϵȭΧŴܲסǹɾ޴ѿݺ˿ڣȭ֮ϣϵѪһΣһΡ
ɳϻδֻȭͷ˳ƻʤؿڴȻڷشţ١𡪡ҡ١𣡡
ۣ
ʤ³ѪţѾһѪӣѾɽǶʮף
ʤûͣ£ųϵ𣬼ɽ
ʮףʮףʮס
ֱϴʤţ࣬ʮ״ͣ
ʱ˿̣ʤò
ֻһ˫۾˵𾪣ڷйĲģԵشĺڡ
ʤһ̣ںڲ³çǰڲôԸǰΪʲôȥԪˣһȥϧ
ʤкܶڣ
һУˣ
ûЪȻֻһȭһȭͼľ˳ϵУһȭ֮£ʤôþ
Ųаܵӣϴ޴֥ɺʤǻ¶ȵѪĴָĵҩһԶ̷ȥһȵůڳϵӿ֣ȥ
ǿԪˣнʵԪˣȱԪ˻һԪˣȻҲǽ˳ϵĴָ
һУҲ˶ʮʱ䡣
ʤѾһ߸ʬֵǮõĶȫûˣָһƺڻɵʤʬϣ̻ޣ
һһȥӲҳʮͨ˵ŸղŵĲң˵ųϵ⺷
±⣬Ѿ۽˽ٶһڵӡ
ǾʤײɽϣһѪĳϴ߳ǣϰ֮࣬ɳǰһǾ
һȭѪȾķɵһڵӣ־嵽㣬ȫڲסؾҲҲҪ
߳ʮһڵӶ׿⡣
ûмʶ⺷һȭһڵǣѪǱĳϣûˣɱħӣĻˣţʲôѪ϶ˣʲôµģһϰɱɱ˭ɱ˭ɾˣõĺô
ţһƱ˾ͳȥǰٶӣƺǱ˵Ļ򶯣Ϊ˵ǶԵģǸ⺷ˣѾˣǿԼˡ
ˣٶˣҲȥ
ϽŲδ̧ͣͷһ˫Ѫ۾ɨǰһȺ֪ηѰ·ˣ˳ǵģϷˣ֣ȺµģúúãŹǣȻҪɱϷǽ죬Ϸʹɱ䣬ɱһա¡ޡ⣡硪ݡ
һһ˵ǹģʹϢɱ
ϲй¶ϢȡؽҪȡһڵɱȥԶӳƥâ貺âһ㻮նɲǼɨһڵӵľ
ʱڳͷ߸߳бɳȥʮףѪ׸ߣ
С
ѪһĻڳһڵӣȫסˣȻһ֮
֮⣬ħӣѪ˵Уŵһڵ˵ģǰؽ
ǵģǰؽ
ǰ½Ѿʧ˺ܳһʱؽ
˴ˣƣħƣǡ
϶һЦһڵӾȻأ־ؽͷ˻ȥһпʽֱն˹ȥкŵŸ߽Ϊһڵӣ룬ڵʽâ֮µһڣȫˢˢն룡
֣
ϻؽһе似ʽѵʽѵʽҷննԪɱ絶ննʽʽʽȵ似ؽŹ⻪ѤƬ֮С
һսʤɱ¾ħһ㣬һͷȾѪĳ޷Զҵ趯ţҲҪɱ¾С
Ҵɱǰûȡͷһڵǣɱɵˡ

һĿֲ֮һΪ˻ҲҪƴҲɱһڵչһ͸޾ɱ񱩣ųϳ
һ֣תˣ
ϿЩתӵһڵӣЦؽңǻӵ𣿡
˵ţϴ޴


522 似ڣ
֥ɺһ޴ɳйɱ˵ղʤѪǽ˲٣رСΪԣ
Сһ
ǧâУ˵ôһ䣬С֥ɺ׷ɱЩҪܵһڵӣСֱӴ̽һ߽ĺ󱳣ٴǰشһ̶̵˲ϢһڵڵѪͼޣȫһƬãȻ֪ʲô£ӵڵʱСѾӵһڵӵǰ˳
ѣʼһڵӵϡ
ѣȴûκΰ취
ЩӳϣƴһڵӣøΪң֮вٳǸ߽
ںǰܽɱ˵Եɳôãնɱֱ翳вˣһֺܵ
ϮɱķһƬѤöĿĹâ棬һ˲䣬âʧЩȴǱɱƬһƬ˶ʱض
Ҫһ𣬷ֿֿӣϢȥ
һڵӺȺһǣҲ᲻ɱȥģתֿӣħħ
ܲ˵ġ
ϵ˵óĸ似֮УԽԽ죬ؼ䶼·ֻâɱâأЩӡͬڲͬɣǺ޸ϵ似ڳһһʩչ֮УȻóһ֡ڡĸо
ƺЩ似ԪһҪڣ
ʱһø죬ʶؽЩ似ʽۺϣ
û뵽ĳˣ
ȱննںϣ⻹˵͡飬ںҲǺնԪɱ似ҲںϽҲΧ֮ڣϾͬն
ǣҷն似Ҳ˽ȥǿѵأԪնǿ絶ǰʮʽնն
ԺʦĹ룡
Щ似ͳͳںһ
ȫȻЩ似ôںһ𣬵֪һĵˣѾԽԽǿȻոһСȭЩ˵ǰǲںϳ似һЩá
ȻܱǿǲŹᣡ
ؽԽԽ죬Щ似Ϊںһ
Ȼںһ𣬶ǳ˵ģЩ翪ʮʽѵʮʽ֮࣬ûںϽȥ
ʹˣںϺ似Ҳ͸ſֲζ
һ֮£Щһڵӱ˷ҡ˼ĸܣԪⲻõĸо˳ڵĸооǿƥĿѵ֮
һڵǵ壬ѿɭɭ׹Ѫ⣬μ
һ˲䣬м
Щڵϵ۾ȫ𾪣ȫǿֲȫĿ
һƬѾûлŵһڵӣɳȻڻؽһһ֡ڡ⾳Χľܲס಻ɱѳƬµĴأǵΪӣϲݺύĽۡ
Ⱥɽһڵģһֻֻ֥ɺ棬֥ɺǺ˭һӵϡ
һڵǣص££ٵ¡
жٵ٣
䣡
һڡնڶǸɽ±ϣɽһҪѵ㣻ţɽ屬ѳһӣԴΪģѷ˷ӿȥƱ˺ѿ
۷״̬ɽ
û˵ȥȴս˫ȭ۾ӿս⣬³һѪؽӣһսȻռھԵɱƵλĵñ˵ӣЩظˡ
ߵԶһƬɫ֮УʮתԴԴϵ۶
ľһʩչʱ
ۣʵսһ֮ܽѪιؽڵС֮սָŷȥȺɽϱôһƬȫ˻ĮҲһڵӵһӰеģֻػųϵ߰ٶֻ֥ɺ档
ˣõȥˡ
վһӣԪһţЩָһһָ֮ӿϺɫ棬ǻ˷ĩʧ½
󣬳ɽֱȥ
ľȺɽһսһڵʧһǧˣЩ˳ʹؽģħӾϢģȫˣȳɽ֮󣬲ŸȺɽЩһڵӣǻһֻǿƬĮͲز
ڳһȭʤɽ壬ȡԪ֮ʱһɽϣƣȻѣһ澪ھüͷκ˵һָɵʱɽȥɣҵǻⶾ֡
Ĳħ𣿡һʵ˵ģɳٶȡ
ĬȻκһֵ˶һӦò¶ɡһ˰οԼζֿʼھ
ϣʤǿнʵԪˣҲ˼ƽϣϾͨʮҽţ
ûȺɽ͵ԪˣȺɽѾΣ֮أȻͲ֪ᰡ֮ľѾûһ·̣˿ϵжϣ֮ϼҡ
ԣϿ뿪ˡ
ԣһ֮ᰡ֮ȺɽزãӿһɺǷŭ֮֮ȣħӣ˭ϷҪ㸶ٱۣ
켴һһ飬ѰȥҰͣǶһڵӣǶԱɣṩϢߣһƷԪʯʮƷԪʯһһڵӵģֱӳΪһŵӣǾӢӡ
ʹȥ߷ڣȫѰҳϵһ˫۾Уҷ磬ţҪҵЩͣϹ͸ܾ˰ɣܿ˵Ҳ࿴ҡҷţ⡣
ϧӵСаٱ䡷ĳϣҵġ
ĪϣħӵϢͱĳªϸҲǺͷ
˿̵ĳϣһͱڵĶѾʤнԪˣ˵ʮٸ·
붫ԽԽһȥҲô򵥣ô׵ĸоʲôһ䣬ʲôҶҪȥҪȺߣնؽ֮£
ڿҵ·УҲûţѾڳú𣬳ͽ׵֮֮ŵ顣
Ȼֻͽ׵ģɵĺ仹Ǻų⣬ʱûиõİ취˼֣ϱһֱ֮ŵ飬Ϥϰ֮󣬾Ͳųˡ
պ󣬵ϦбգճԲǻʱվһſڣ
֮ϣ֣̽


523 踮ɱ¾
ʱĳϣؽڱѾָò

֣ûȥעհǵĸߴ䡢ɵȵȣֱȥȫȻûǹŨɱ
ɱ·˱֮
سǵĸʿһĿ⣬մǰȥǸġߵŮջҪԪʯ
ι
ʿĳ֣ͱͬס죬ȫڷʿͬ˵ûоҪϢɱҲǰ
ҪԪʯʿ˿ѾоǱ̹ǵɱݡ֨֨شżܣȸԼƵʲţͬʱһˮӣ֮ȴǱŵ˿ӡ
˵ȳϵıӰʧǰµţι㡭˵ղ˭
֪оɱҾɵˡ
ҿ˵ϱĽúһ˺񡭡
˭
ͬʱתͷʵ
˰죬Ŷ˵񡭡񡭡ɡǸšǱʰһǱ۰ʮġ֡ơ
С
˵һʵʲôѵ˵ǡң
ǵۣϲ֪Ҳмֻ֪˵ţˣż磬ŲŽţӵѵĽֵͻһƬţվڽֵԣһĵǸɱɵˣһһ߹ȥ
ȥʣ踮ҵĺܣֱĽֵͷ
Ͼһɱվ踮⣬踮޽ʮӴ֮ʯʨӣΰǷש߾͸˵ˡ
⣬ôڵġ
ϵһ䣬ǰȥſˣƵشȵʲôˣ֪ϿһȥȻǴүȺʳ
ĬֻнŲֻؽڿա
ţһһճĲҽУѪϣԴ𣬹ʯʨϣԶ˿һĻ循ȳ˷Ӧȥ
߸ߵţǵסϵĽŲؽնȴžͳмľӣ踮֮УǰǰƵǰȥɱǼ
˿̣ڵں԰УŪֺõӣĻһʱ鼱ͻ˵ңڿһڶǲ踮֮Уʡ
˵ɲס죬ת˵ҪǼȻٻ󣬻ʲôԸҶɡ
شȴоŨɱ踮ɱһ䣬ͻһӾˣʱϸЦݣˡ
켴ٲƥɱĶȥ
ˣʲôˣ䣬Ҳоɱȵ˭踮˵ţкˣȥ
ֻҪɵӴӣоǹɱɱ踮ˣ˳˵صһ̸ʲô⡣
ϵʬ壬˵ϰپߣؽѾȾѪѪ֮ζ
ӳ˳ǰԭ㡣ӴڶҲ˵˵һ֮󣬸Ͻ˵ƣߣʣǳʣ߽ȣȫ
ϻδţһն£ʮ״ҪˣȻ룬Ųǰߣ˵˼飬ʡҧرأֻ˵˭ң˭
ӲߣҺĺ㣬ȴҺĵ¿ηΣãҪѰǾȥɣҲ㡣һ̣ҲΪ˷ˣ۵żгϵһμʱǸ߸ϣΪմȾζ˵ǰ˵ûȥĿȻڳϡ
ʱ˳ˣϵĵһʱ䣬ҲɵסˣֿЦ֮ƣȻû̫ˣ͵ҵǰأҿҪúŰ㣬
ޱ飬ֱǰš
һ˷ܶŤˣ˵ţƣôˣ㻹ǳһûУ֪ʲô𣿡
ҪƵֳ֣Ȼǳ
ϲش𣬵˵Ѿнˣû뵽ɣ˵꣬غȵ죬Ҫǰܵһ裬ȫ㣬Ҫ㿳⽴ȿ㣬ȻٿζǸСˣԣڿ֮ǰҪ
йˬȻֹһâϮûһӦâնֱϣұֱӱնڵأŨŨѪ
ζ֣е𣿡䣬ɱҪ䡣
һ֮䣬ײеغȵƣҿֱۣ㾹Ȼҿֱۣҡ
һâȻ£ķӦ죬һߣǽâȻնۣţ˵ţΪʲôҪɣ
㡭㡭նֱֻۣеƣǷŭĺϣӣȫϣ˭ɱҾ͸˭ʮƷԪʯ
ʲôʱ֮¶·
ʩչƻҪϣҪȡﻹڴȣ㾹Ҵ踮ˣҲһԺţ㿳ֱۣӾҪһһ
еɱѪȻĮһȥؽŽɫâն¡
ʱЩΪʮƷԪʯˣǽâ񣬺㡣
꣡
Щȫסͬһ߾ľżһŽ̬ȷ棬Źâ˸ȴٲܼ
ϴ̤֮߳ʱһҾȻ֮ͬʱЩסӣ׷ױѿѪڿգͬѪ
ȫѻȸ죬ţôҲϲϣǿҲԡֿ־塱̬ţס죬ȴû֣תܣһâϮ
ȣնڵأ
ҲӲˣ

Ҿ徵бĳ۾֣ĶִģҪΪʲôҪѣ
ӣųϣƣ㣬ңҴˣҴˡŵӣּ˵ϲŮ˶ø㣬͸㣬Ҳ˵ˣҡ
ž
һɫͻ֣㣬ݺݳϣ˵ǵӷȻ֣
ʵΪʲô
㣬Ĺң뱳ѵģ˱ǱѣǲѣҪң
˭ʵ
꣬ԶһϷСҪΣ
ɱ


524 ȥѵģ
𣬴һʱӰѾڳͷϿգһӵ̬ӸµؿųϣһǿϢǵضΪ֮ɫ
ƾǿϢ֪ʣ踮һ㣬ȷڳϵ֮⣡

ʣʤʣ
˽Σ
ԣֻ³һɱ֣
ϢһѹڳĺЩˣ޵ֿ̱ڵأҲò˾ȫֵˣȻֹסز
˫˫ţһſڵϵʵеʱֿʣɱն˫˫ţϵһƬһƬ
еʿĲ״ﲻðһɺ˵С㻹湻ĺģ˲˵¶Ҳó
һǲ̫ԶˣҪǶѧϰϵ˵ţȭѾһһԣ׼Ѫϴ踮
ϷڣС㻹˵Ѫϴ֣
ҲǱѪϴĶѪϴ֮У
˵仰ʱȭ֮Ѿת岨
ʶԳϵĻǲмһˣ˫ѪĿȴǲܣȻתԳ˵СϷ׵ķϣһ·
ǰֻһ·ɱǣߣɱҧ˵ȭľ𶯣ȻศȻľȺɽʮһһεĹ֮£ͻ˼ޣʮǹʹĶȥ
ϲҧ£һҽѹȥ
ʽұ۵Ĳûж룬ֻΪ˵Ļüͷţٴ˵ֻҪ㳼ϷϷԽһ죬㣡
Ҫǲܸ·Ҫɱɱſڵϣһ
¶ΪˬĿ⣬Ϸ˵廰ķݣҽҷͣԶӵ˫˫š
ʲôһӵ֣ӵнţһסˣֹͣ˺Уųϵ۾Ȼĳޣ޲ý̻
ʶԳϺܸȤҪ֯ƸȤǰ׷ͻʧ׷Ųòֹͣð˳ǵȻŹԣʻھŬȰ˵СϣǿΪǿʳʵȭͷˣܸõػ½ֻҪܱøǿøãɶһ飬ʲô
Ȼģҽ岨
Ϊ޵ʣɫޱȣС֪ܾϷ³𣿡
һ˶ѡ

֮Ȱ˵ϣŴαϷ̡Ц֮ʧȥеģȳ֣Ȼ֡
һһɫƵʱڳͷ
켴ǻƾȻˮһһһɫڵϣҵıըʯ֮ǰЩʬ壬ֱӱըޣǰ̱ڵصˣҲɢ˻֮УҲҪǺ֮ʱٴ֣һɴε׿⡣
Ӽ״ɫ䣬ˣֱ˵֮⣬ʹȻܸоǹȵʹ֮УɫһƬ԰ףƬɫĻֹ꣬סز
ϣôֱֱվɫ֮£
ӿλʮ״Ѿޱȣӿһ˵ĸонţеģŭ䲻㲻ӣҪȥʣڿɺá
¶ɫȻǰɫƣ⣬бһ棬һεٸһλᣬǡ
ȥѵģ
ʵĻû˵꣬ƬƺƴĻ֮£ȴǴһ
Ϸ򣿾Ȼ˸Ϸ򣿡ʻûдлصùζһӰӻԾյߣһһٰʮȵԾͷ½ϣֻ̺岨ȣݺݵʵͷ­
ǹɱƥ
ףЧ
ʾףֵȥָָץסȣˤм
ȼתұۡ
飡
û˿ԪȫǴһţұ֮ϣԭںһŷʣʱɫ䣬оһɾ޴񱩵ӿұۣұûа֪
Զһαˣɱֹ߽ǿȴûϵǰˣܺɱ߽ǸɱսһսΣʤǰܣ֮ؽΪһ˵Ĵڣ
һĻʯȫȻľʹԺֱ֣ܣܡ
ʸǲŸղŷһУ㵳С㡭
ʹâŵĳϣȴûаԥҽŷ֮ӵնȭ紸ٲȻս캳ʻȥ
ʼٴɱڶŭܣȻȴͬսȭֻȭͷԲ̣ȭͷװʯ׹ػû𻨰㣬ӭȭﻹ˵֪Сӣҷ֮Ϸ͸㣬һʲôĴڣ
䣡
ȭײһǧףʸоһȭȸղһţҲٴľһӿҪѪȴӲ˻ȥϾһʣǸֻųΪĻƿСѪһô£
ҲܣȻŻԪָʷȦػЮ׵һȭֱӽʷȦƣɫ׳ұֱۣҪѪգǵʮҲҪճޣ
һоóޱȣĿǰӦʣƾ̣ɱòײŴͨˡ
ǳ϶ʣֻ·һ
ָоϮͷ֮ʱϾͷؽӿȭʮֵס׵ķգͬʱԪóɾۻ󣬰ɫķ֮Ҳ׹ȥ
ɢ÷ɿ죬֮Ҳ׵Ķ֣߽ǿסף
ǣȫ
ľҲԪϾͽǰЩһޣ
𣬲֮Ӧĳ𡭡ȴûаֵӣսƣܲ죬Ӱˣ
Ȼϴ˿̴·Ȼȭ׵ļ尾ȻؿڱһѪȻѹޣȭȣʣ
ʱƴ
ʱ


525 
ӿʱһȭǧ׵Ļ棬ųսǰӰһ죬ճɡΣɵ㶵ԺǹͷԽԽŨ
ƺߣòײֹסǺ˵ƣŹֱ۵ľ߾ŭѵغȵƾΪô˵ϷϷʣ
ȻڿɷУȸԾӴط˲ʵǰȺɨȭӺ
Ϸţ
ŭţûʹͬ֡Ͷ㣬Ҫȭƴֻȭ֮ϣףֱ죡
ȻʽΪȫҪϴˢղűϴһǧ֮裡
ɹΣһһȭ˲ͬʱ
ȭţȭȴڻеɲǼ䣬۳ɫСȭ
ʱ¡¡ը죬ըʲ㣡
ٴοˣӻڿз˸ʷȦٴαƣȭѪӱݺˤڴ֮ϣըʯԳҵ֮Ϊģس־޴ѷ졣
˿ֲ棬֪еǺ֮
ϵӣֱ׹һף
ǿ壬ش
ȻԳ˵ЩɢܣѪ⡢ڱѵ˺Բģ
ǣײٴҪǳ˳ϵ
ľȺɽĲľٵš
ս֮ʤй֮޲ɱʤʱֶΣŽɱԪǳ㣬رɫ𣬼ֱ绢ս֮ɱ֮
ԺһͷһսνǳϳաӡҪһսвأɣ
ʼǱͣסӣȥֱģҲһľ֮еǴأȫעǸӣֱﻹЩ쳣ģ΢ûֻ˵Ϸභ³С治֪ôϧ
𣿡ţǿֲѺۣüĵϧһţȥǡ֮䣡㣬վܣ

ϴ򾡰˵Ĳʣʻĵķŭ벻ˬԸһСȫ˵÷Ҫȥ˳ЦŹ֣
˵ģ
˿Цþʹңţƣ㲻Ǻܿ㲻ǺվŰƣҲһ죿Ӹ㣬ˣҲᰲϢģӻὫʬ壬ڳͷɹʬøͺӥʳٽĹͷһһŵز飬ˮˮ
⻰ȵӻҪĿ⣬ֱҪɱԴԹնߴ飬ͬʱһͷˣΪ㣡
ޱȶ񶾵ĻֱǻδţӦ֮ߣȫĵصֵ׵ĽҪͱɫ𣬲Ȼ֮ܡ
ţһݣһץֳУӴȡ֮Ԫ
ͬʱϲٵֵףͨۻ󼤷֮𣬽ײٰϴ
켴ڣ
Ȼ˫رգ͵Ȼ͸֮ųϵѪֱ֮յóʶԺǲУɫ̫Ҳĵ̫죬֮𻹸ϡ
ţӴȡԪְ棬ҵͷųҲȫף˲ʩչôֶ֮󣬳ǹ֮вɢһЩ
ǣɲֹۣ
ǻԵʹ纣ХŰųϵӣʶ
û
ʲϵĶϷȫһȻ֮鴫㹻ʱɳ֮˵ϷĲֻ֣ϧҲֻᣬǴ룬죬ϷҲҪ䣬½ƴˣ
ݺ˵꣬ӵڿգָ£ƣǸ߿գ׹£ʵĸӣȫΧһˣԽ棬ɫ֮𣬾ԽǾֱǹǸ߿ֱҵգƵ֮˲ɢǣ
ʱǳõϢڵ踮·ϣͻظоϣͣסӣٲǰƶ֣һˣǵˣָоƺֻҪһͻᱻյһ㡣
Ӽʵ춯׳ϻûɻӿһ˿˿ĸ֮⣬Ϳȫ֣ɫҲֵܵһˣ˫ת绨֣ɫ񳤳ϵ°Χʵʵġ
踮ǧߵ֮УһϷҲܵƣ˵˾˭ȻƵʹ˾УϷҪȥʶʶ
˵һ䣬Ϸ߱󻹸һˣĸף
֮ϣϸоٴɱоתȥͬʱ˫ֵУڿ֮Ԫ
ӣҪˣϷͲ󣡡
һ£ɫƣȻأ
飡
𵴣纣ˮ˳һһˣֱз֮
ףױȵٶȣŷɢֱ˲Ϯڳ׷ѣ۳ôӣ׶㣬ҧױ󣻳ңҲң£ҲȻ£
ƴȫ˲ϢףȴȻѲ׵׷Ϯ
һ˲䣬ҧס˳Ͻŵġ
ɢ˷ף˲ϰΧ
ֻɲǼ䣬ϵӾͱȫ渲ǣһͷڷ֮⣬ŵ֮ģһҫŵס
ڱ֮ԪţףҲˣʼڳҴܣеҲʧѾȫͷţʣһһΣһһ˿͵׵ķ֮£ʣ޼
ذΧͬһâ
ѵҾҪˣ˱ȥԺﲻܿƵʳ⣬۾һݣĻǷħս⣬ȥ˵ĻҳŵģҾҪˣѵʲôˣ̸ʲôǿߣҪţҪţҪš
Ъ˹źУһ˿ոɾˣһ֮Ҳվˣ׾Ƴǳ֮ʿõǵӿϵӣÿһѪÿһϸ
ͷ֮ĸɾһ˲䣬㣬õУҪתȫת뵤֮ڣ
ɵɫ𣬲Ȼȥ
һĿХھ֮


526 񣡷񣡷
ûа취ˡ
֮Ҳ˿
Ʒǿ壬͵ס׵ķգ
ëƤһ㣬Ѿޣһ䣬յļѪ⡢
Ψ֮ƣǴӲ֮صĺ֣ȻǰڰԵޱȵ𣬿ɳʵʩչΨһģһƴ
ƺҲҪôɣҪôȥŭ𣬴ŵҵ溷˱ֱס
Ѿ˵һѶˣֵסǳֱӽٻٶ
ҲǺҪάߵϣҲʹȥϸоǿû˻𺣣ûˮӣѾΪĵ飬ɢһ顢޺ѣ֮ضϢ
һΪ
䣡
˺׵սҳײɱҿݺأҸݣһһıը飡
ֱҪըȫҪըڵÿһ˿ѪڷڣźţҪôҪô𣡡
֮ϣǽǧɫһĵ֮ʱȻѿûټɫֻǴؿţɫֱ¶ȥ
漣𣿡˵
Զ֮ңζ캣һɺľɱռֽһǻϲŵͻ¶ޱʹɫʹﴫҪĶɢһ
ӣ㲻¶ȻҲԭģԶᣬᣡζ޸ݣȴּΪ϶ţӣһŰŰ㲻ӵұ㲻֮һҪŰ
ˮζ۽ǴӶߵελ䣬ӿɳ
ǱѰ·ϵϹܿҲȳһʹƺĳֿ̹ĵĶԶȥ̧ͷԶӣӵľӨ͸˼иԴǸֻӵϹ壬ʣµģֻһֿܣֻ
㣬£°ϹܿӲȫȻ꺮ůҷ磬˿
һ徲СԺһɫ԰ףţͻ³˼ѪѪ˻ң϶𣿡
ǣҶ˼֮飬תǧذ֮ȫ֪ƴˮԪսмսҲս
ȻС
뻹Ҫ
ʸֶĿֱصĳ˵ţ£ܸ˰ɣ鳾ɣˣ㻹ʬ֮
ȻһָմݷɫܲΪо𶯣۾Ϭ
ԼתشӴȡԪɫĹâӿ壬ֱֱɱסף
ԪӿٶȺܿ죬ȻԪĵٶȸ죡
ңϸоǺǿ͵Ĺ֮£֧Ųסˣή֮⣬һˣϵһУͽ˵øɸɾİ桭
Ǻ˺ͬҲǴϵģΡΡ׵ԴϵĻ㶼Ըҿҧһһҧ
һͷޣǰϴûлɹĲֻʵ̫ˣȫûгɳױСǳˣС츳ٺãٺãûгɳ֮ǰҲǳ˵Ķ֡
Щ϶ףֻ˱ȥ
ҪҲҪҲҪú䡪䡪ҡң
ţתŴӴЯʯȭ֮ϣ˲ӿ岨һأϲûͣ£Ҫˣͱ޵һɣ
ӿ룡
ûܳϴڶôΣյľƣǲͣؿţǵĿ֣ǽϵĹͷ˺Ѫ࡭
Ҳתתת
ϴţʼתٶޱȣЩǱѱȻɢſ񱩵Ϣɳȥôࡣ
ţ߲ӿ룡
ͬʱǿŵ飬ǻ÷ˮԪҲˣŵ飬ҲųϷĽģһ
ֻǧ֮һϢϳ嵽棬߲һȭֱʣʿǱźڹǵĳϣʧɫȻû
ʿˣϳԾ֮ɫתۼɷŭҪȻպسɴ󻼣ھԺ֪Ȼ㻹Ϸһ̣
ʵ۳ɽֱ̳
ûػϵʱͱ̵һңʶ糱ˮˣҪ˲ޣɳϵúھ۸̵òƲһΣһٴȻһ˿˿Ӱ㣬һʹ֮ʹ򣬾һĿԡ
ƾһ˿˿ášҲҪһķһʯס糱ˮʯ
ƣٴ֮
ʱŵ˵ţΣΪ˰ɣ
ȻֱѪǣϷΪһ֮󣬾˲ưɱǰִ֮䣬ʾȭӭ׶ػȫ
䣡
׶ܱײɢұۣꡱĹͷ
ӣǿһǧסǧסǧס
Ѫʺ
·ƬƬѿϣѺ۳֣
еʣԺһͷûǿˣôܣ
ǡʱ֮µǸϷߣ֮棬ʵĲ״ҲˣһɵͷҲû䵽Ǳذ
𾪹𾪣Ϸһֹ֣סʵĿ֮ƣȴʲôҲû˵ֻǽĿɨǰ뿴ҵˣΪηʥ
ȻϷ߿һڿеӰӱװΧ
ʵϸղһȭʮֵļʱʮ߲Ѿҿ񱩵ٽ㣬³ǧ֮һ룬ֱ߲ӰԼըˡ
ȻϽ߲кϣ׶ܵʱ˳ȭ룬͵ֿסص飬ǲ
ƺڿŷŷţһ룬ͷûˣû½ĺۼ
ڽӽڡޡ߽ʱһɫס˳ϵӣһɫסϵƣѸɫʮһٸһǧ
ɫȻڲľ
䣬ʮת塭


527 Ԫڤ
ӣڴ漣
ȻǸӰȻĴӵصֱڿգǸ߸ϣȫ㸩ǵʣһȭ˳ȥ
ʲô溺ӣ
ҲǰӰڹͣ
ֻ⺷һȭ֮ǸӰͳ˶ߵķݣ䣻ȴôظоϢһǾ
Ӻǳ˾ƣʵľ֮£Ҫô֣ͱΪɱҪ֡
ϧǺɫܣȴΪ˾סƮȥ
Ϊʲô̤½ִѰĵӣͦüɽҲһ𰸣
һȭѣҲǷ츲ذ㣬ԣҲǼ伤ɫſסӡ
һ˲䣬Ӿȵط֣ǽԪڤٵĺɫʧΪһһضʧҲΪը÷ʧʧήʧ
ŵӺԪڤٵĸӦʧ˳ϵ棡
ô
ӾȴûֹͣԪڤ٣
ǣٴλҵط֣ԪڤٵٶȣȻǸϲԪڤٿήʧٶȣ
ϣʲô£
һʺ켴ǣλ˵ΪɽһƬɭֱɻĮ쳣״ǵġ
ĪǣɭֱɽֱʣӱѩһӲ˸˾ŲʮҲ˵Ԫڤٵã
ôһ뷨֮󣬵۾ͻһӼᶨղĴһ漣뿴㻹ܴܲ漣
ʱ˫תø죬ǧԪڤֱϲԪڤÿ죬ɢø졣
ˣӸһϢһһ˲䶼ͣɫ԰
һߣͣϽӴָһŵҩ̷븹ܴϵҩǺܲһ㣬ͬ죬ӴҩӷڣӣָԪ
ѣʧȥ֪ұۣҲӴҩ֮£ָ˹ѿĹͷҲǺϿȥֻǻЩԾƺĳڣûȥϸ̽ѾϸŴҡ
˻𣿡
ʿǧ֮Ŵڣ۾âﻹһ⣬һţҲܳɳô죬ʲôҩߴڵ似֮ǰǱѩأǰŷ¡
֪ǰһϵķˣ϶Ǵţ
ͬʱ֮ڿĶӣ޽ŵĶӣһŮ˻ҪļУ˭˭㺦ģ
һ֮УҲ˲ƣȻʹȥȻӵĽлҲǱˣ۾ǱߣĺƣӺƲҪ
Ϸüͷһ壬оһŵĺɫ֮У˱仯ƴ󺰴УͷҲûص˵ֻҪûǾнһ㣬Ϊܴ
𣿡⻰˷֣ʳ֮󣬲žòã˵˾ʣһϺǸƻһΨǰ֮Ǵӡ
˾ʸûҷϣǴңֻսҪˣ˵£ǲġ
ǡ
ƵͷѣȻӻָܻ糣ұǰǿӱɱŭ죬۾Թɱ⡣
˾ٲȥƸӣֱ͸ɭɭɫ֮УüͷоɢĲ켴ͷʡ
Ȼ˾ʱҪ̧֣ǲڡ
ʱȴ˵ҵģҪֻ
Ҳá
˾ջ֣ûֻҲû⣬ϾڣǰǸҪĴڣ㷭ɣ
ȻҲܵ͸״ֻǿ磬ʵϲܾʹɨأټ֮ӵк˾һ뷨Ϊ޺֮ǡ
ԣûѡ
ʸͲ֪һľʲô
ֻŵӣʲôˣҲһ𣿱𣿡
ûлش𣬲ش𣬶ûоشеľ˼Ԫڤ֮ϣǸҪʵ̫ӴˣǣѾѪоǾӾɺɳĮһҪһ޵׶ͷ
ô죿š
ϣǹˮѾȫûѾڷգвתҡҡ׹ֻƾıܣӲдżϢѣһð֮ҪȫһɲǣȻһ˿͸غڰ˽
˿⣬ǳϤòϤ
ˮϣץסһݣԺδֻβ롢̰ؼȡסҪɵһ˿ĽŲ
˲ԽԽ࣬ٴתǵҲںź֮£ٴη
һһŤת
ϣ˿ռϷ磬ҪϣֻǷָ֮ѡ
ʿûлش𣬻˺üŭ֮£Ȼϧߣӻ֣ûòʣһն¡
һɫ棬ûɵֱնӣ
䣡
׵նڵӵķϣȻ飬ۿӾҪ׸յһžɵģȫûпԵͻطһâ׸˻ȥ

˾ͬʱȳʲôײƣˣ
Ȼӹһѣ߷Ԫڤٶ˴󲿷ֵԪԪ͸֧ĵزһƬռ׷յøûаľԪԣΪȴܴؼһľԪȫš
ԣӵҲײɳȥڿдѪڣӸɲɵ˳ߣɫ԰׵¡
󣬵ӱ㿴ڳϵԪڤ٣˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻޣϵ壬ʼҵĲаðޱȣԽԽߣϢԽԽŨ
ڳϵĵ֮ڣûޱȵ
Ӽ״֪ϴ˿̺ҪԪڤ٣ϽһѪƴԪڤ١
ȻԶһ׵ն
žٴμ˹ȦףɫһƬȻϽҪʮָת֮䣬ȴûԪڤٴ
ԭȴǵڣްԪ
׵ƿն
ƿն׵Ȼһͬζķһ֣ǲ԰׵ı񴽣ųǴѪ죬¡


528 ǣž
չһɽѪϴ
Σ֮ʱҪ֮ʣӾȻ˳ϡ
һ˫ô󣬿ĴĴѹ£
ǽ¶ǰ㣬ʤȴ˼Ҳʯ׹ذ㣬䣬һ񷡭
ֻǣ˶ڴԵı˰ƴؿ񱼣
ܵùȥܻţ
ȻΨһ
飡
Ĵײϡ
һ֮£ûν컣ûûаûз֡
ֻѪĽѪĴ
ײϵһ˲䣬ǵ֮ڵĳŶ˵жϵ˺һӿ۵ͷĴ䡣
ǣ׸𣬸ûаʶ
ֻ÷ΪͷߵıݣҪ࡭
ʱ׵նڵӺ󱳣йžĹȦ࿹ȴһֱϮڣѪһӿ̵˺ȻǿŶһ𻬽˳ϵ
Ѫӵڣ˳ڣǿŶսϵ棬ʮľ㣬˵ǣζɿڵ۷򣬼ת£
˲䣬һɰƵȫһ͸ˬ
ŶǷӣ
Ԫڤٵӣ
˻ǰ㣬һӡ
Ӿǿӣܴ߷޾Ԫڤ٣ڣӽԪڤӣ˳ϣ
Ϊʲô
ӻ˵һһʣƵľ˺øУ֪ϧһǹɾͷ־ƴҲҪս׳Ҹж뿴漣߸ϵʣڳ
ִŵ϶ҵĵ
ǣֻ뵥ؼ򵥵ػ
Ϊǰ˳ϣʾ϶Ҳܾ˵ĥ飬಻ȫ
ԪڤٵӣѾ˵֮ڣתֱ֮ڽǿŵ飬ǣһ壬͸˲Ŷԣ
ʱӿ糱
ͨתɢȫϵӣԡһ̶ˮ֮У
ڤڤ֮Уƺ˺ķŽǣÿһѪϸĻ
ǵҫףƣʱһͣ켴طһһյһ㣬ʮ㡭
䣬кĿơҧɣ
ԴԴϵóϵʶָһһ㱻޲֮·ϡ
˿̣ϵĴĭ̶ܳȣһ۵࣬⣬оǹɲ
Ӳ԰׵ϣ¶Цݣ֪ԼĶˣĳɹˣ漣
ϲõеĵӣͻظо⶯ˣǽƳȥǾСһ㣬ǰޱȴ󵨵ĵӣȻһ飬ӱýĺڱʯȾoŨī
ϴʱûȫȸԾ࣬ȫǱʶΪĴټйüֻ䣬ɲһȼյĳϣɲ֣Ȼ㲻ϾͨҲǴޱȣӦɬسĵӣǴ´࣡
˴˾ʶʲôܵأܾΪ֮ȫûֻŽԪڤٵӣڣȼ
˶ѡ
ǣӵͷȴǲʹһ㣬û˳ǳϵ⣬ţЩɬزƿϷˮе
ĭ
Ȼ֮䣬ζõһ
ǣĳǣڴ֮ǰĸ⣬ûκһӣ׽Ҫ˵ˣǽ֮ڵģ֮٣ޡ
񡭡
ӵ࣬Ҳ鶯
˻˰޻棬Ǹո̷˸Ʒ׵ҩԪ֮µǡת˸͵أʻձȫÿһϸŭ𼱻ģûӦѪӵأ˹ȥ
ʺ˾ҲھȣǾԵǣǾڳɢǿʸظܵףڼ
һۣһݣʮɽ⣬ȵȻϷȫǣǵȥһԵعԧ죬Ϸ𣡡
ʮɳ׽Юغݺն£
žҲоΣգɫâڰʱ㼤â൲׽ȥ
һݣǺ⣬ϷͲţնķ
ʱʮɽâǰɣ
׽ʵŭףȻն£
ȻǱǹȦȥ
ն
켴ɫâɱǧɡ
䡭
ը죬԰类ȥ붫Ǹǰɡǧɳ׽ˡ
νĳʧ꼰㣬Ҳˡ
ǹž֪ʲôȻʵװ㹥ֻ͸룬˾ҲüͷŮǺηʥ˷ˣͨˣ˵ȥ˭š
бǣǰѾ˵һ仰˾ǳֵĻǲӣݺݲȵأһ˺пܾʹ˲ìܣ˸ҡ
ˣ򲻵֮ʱ˾Ǿֵģ
ѾۣһǧɽâɣǾʮʮʮһٵ
ɫâ죬˵ء
նǹȦ
Ȧ֮⣬â䣬ס
Ȧ֮ڣⰻȻޡ
̰˱ţѪԭڵڴδɢԪڤӣڳھʮٻصڣҲõϵƣ˻ָĽŲ
⣬Ҳǵһԭ
ӵ㴽뿪ΪҪϸڹȦ֮£ˣӵǹȦֻᱣ
ӿɲԼѾǧ࣬ǾȻˣֱǽâնûˣԣʹϴš
֮ڣ˦˰ӣһһɣǰƵ˾֮أƼ˵һҧˣ˵õĺص֮£ɵøˣѾȫܣ޷֮м֮Ҳޣӣȴ޿ӣнסֻźǰɡ
ʱٵǧɽâնڹȦϡ
شȦûٽ䷴ȥǱâѹȦԽԽСԽԽС
ûס֣ٵٵ
಻ϵնŽ
ܿ죬ǹȦͱѹ˽ڵϣ˵໹һǹȦòֿһ㣬һΧ
ٵٵ˰ٵ
ȦҪֵסˣӿѪԽԽ࣬ҪгϷֻѾɢӡ
˼նȦֵܵס𣿡
Ժͷȴͻؿ˫յ¶һ졭


529 Σ
Ӳǵһοϵ۾
ȴǵһ֮ܵעĿ⡣
ʱȾ˫գޱȣǱ־ȾĶ֮
ӾôųϵĴųϵ࣬ųϵ۾ȫȻ˹Ȧ֮⣬Ѿӽһǧ׽â
һĻ棬ãȻ֪ĵӣɵˣˣˣ֪ɶô죿
Ҳˡ
ֻü˵غţȴˡˡ£
ֻҲǲ֪Ǻá
ѹͿ컳Ȼʱ׷ʲô£ףԼѹԸĵ£ɰĵйأ
˼Ҷˣ֪жٸ
ԣϲҶ¾С񣬲һȫܿƵ࣬о
ûȳϼȥعĵһֳסϵţҪȥҲ˿ľŻ۵ɬ
ʱ򣬵ӲӣҲǳһСŮ˶ѡ
ʱҲһ
Ȼû꣬ϱ㿴ָˡĺ촽ԺȻٶȣϮ
ʱ̣㣬ǶˣѵĲˣ
Ǻֻӭ
Ƭɢű˴¶ȡζĴһ
ӵˣⲻһǣ滹ǧ׽âȥǹȦͲˣԣֻԿҰ̬ȥ
ϻ治֪е뷨ֻǸоС࣬Ҫ̽Щ˼ֻڱ֮ǻ
˵ĲŭʣƴնһɫâҪˣȴ⣬ٯٯңʵ棬Ķţ
ޱ֮£һһǧâ˲ǧΪһΪһ޴ޱȵعҪͱ㣬ݺնǹȦնǶ۵˶
ʴ֮ʱϵ֮ڵױɵһɶ貣ҲоǱ˵ƣҪĿѵذ㣡
۾һݣ۾ﺮ͵ط˲佫ѹ¡
۾ŴġΪʲô֣࣬ȴһ֪ôľͻӶʱܾСӣһҶţ治ǹġ
ͬʱǧΪһĽâն˿ڿԣȦǲòշ˳ϣ׽ն£ֱǹȦƴѹ
Ȧļѹʹó˵壬޵
бһޱǻоϸ壬ֱӣ͸ÿһϸĶеŮζĸܲģ
οǳеˣ
ɱأŭжɫ̧ͷһ죡
ֱ㳤ϸֲʧе֮䣡
һ㶣оЩʣÿ
ָһץϣоȶȣӵʱֱУ嵽˼־꣬ȫˣΪϵһ˲䣬Ժһ⣬λãǰûиоȴӲĶʲô
Ϊ֪ԣŽסˣ಻Ҷ֣Ҷ
ȴţֱ治ǹġ
˴۵СۣС۵ɴֱۣâȦѹѹĵزâȻըƬؼ䣬һֱ͸ݺϮڳϵϣһⲻŤȻĪʹࡣ
ӿ⣬׳ΪʲôҪѹ£ԭǲȥӴ󹥻ܵ˺ʱůת
ȻҲûֳ뿪ͷ˳ϸǸϽֽӴӵĿԣϾΡ
ΪԼǸˣ촽˶˵Բ𡭡ո˵꣬ӾæָĿ˵лл㡭
˵ͻظоܲԾ
ȻֻڱŸղŵǻһĻĻòУ
ֿϵĹžת
һתβ鲻٣
еģֻֻϬĿƵƽŭܣսݣ
̤ǰȥһ֮£ҡ岨˲ӿҽŵģⲢû꣬ںԪڤٵӣʱȱˣӿҽţ߲ڶ̤֮ʱȫתҽţزҡ
ȭֱӿ߲֮ǰΪɣۼļ
̤ĲѾоŲȭת
Ĳ̤Ϊ֮ɫ
˾۾ﾫ˫Ƿŭ𣬿ɿ˿ǵڶʹȥδѵĶӣٿλʶûпڣԾֻǽԪڡ
ȴľо˳Ǹ߰ǿҵս⣬һһɾ޴ѹһɴСӵһͷҰޣҰޣԽԽǿҰޣ
ݺ½뱲ˣսḻޱȣַپһе𣬿νǹ޲ˣս޲ʤ£ȴþɥޱȣһճССƵ˾أԽԽԽƽԽҪô룬Խսƣ
ɳϵƣĲӣڽ
Ѿȼս⣡
˵Ѿˣһնһȴձɽղ
ϴԵţϾһ⾳УƽǰÿһŶڲͬʯ֮ϣȴ˿˿죡
˾ʿ⣬ʧɫǷ̺ǸҲƬأһƥеơ
ƣԣƣѹˣ˾𾪣֣ٲ֣Сܾʹ㶯ˡ
˾ʸ˵仰̤µھŲλʻ֮һպһתǹɡơߺ޵ĿⶼûбʣҲѪԹȥ
ʻعײóٽ֡ơһХⳤХƴ̶˳ϵ⾳ʺСϷ죬ɱ㲻ɣƴ
˵ţʻһװΧֻƣģϮɱϣ
ͣסӣ紦ӣһ˲䣬ͼ磬ãһȭֱʣһȣ֮ܽе𣿡


530 Ź
Хڵء
ʵ˫֮£ӿɫˣֱʣǡػơЩƣֻǰĻ棬ɲأһؽһأֱ಻֮ơ
ؾˣͣһ˸߹һˣʣȫ֣ԳϵСֵһᡣ
֮£Ƥⲻ棬ɣ˫ƿδȴٶ̫죬˿䶯ˣ˫ͣ£ǰһͣȣɽ
һ𣬾𣬿Ц
ȴʮʵĶݣ󻰣˶˵С߳˵
ɽףϯ䣬֮У׻ǧб޴йеȵһԶɱ
ϾôŲ̤ˣƽأ
֮ȭ˿ַתԣ
ʱֱбӿ֮ƣ֮ԭףֱۣ뵤֮ڣԪڤͷצɶȥ
ϲûмų𺣣һúţһߴԼ壬ʱľޱȵ徻֮£ףףζ϶Ǻ֮ͳͳ̵
ҵҲһ㲻ϳɳʱٿ㣬ʲôطһ䣬Ǳ׵һĻʼԺ
ʱȥˣһʱȥˡ
ϽӴ˴룬֮ǰҪʹȦסӣѾˣڷ˲Ծɱһ¶˫ӿѵĻˣм䣬Գһͨ
켴˾ʱ㿴ײܿƵϵӿȥѹסе𾪣һߣƣݺѹһ
Ƿֿ𺣣֮ϲһһɾ޴ܣѹҪϼ÷飬ǻ𵴣Ѫ
ٴηֿƣԼһЧ˫Ʒֺֿϣٷֿٺϡ
ѭ
˺ϴ󣬵ִͬ˴
ȻûԪڤӣϿɲ
ˣһӹȥ
ʲ֪ǵڼηֿ֮ʱ϶𣿡
ۣ
˰죬ͻôһ仰ľɥٴοϮϵĶҲҧת֣ػˣΪһˣ
һ˲ûֱϳ£ǻڱ仯ϵŤ
󣬿оһͷޣȫ۶ɣȴ֮ʵʵڵޣޣֻɻ״㣬ţһֻǣѪƾ죬ֱɣ޾׹⡣
ֻھ۵Ѫѡ
ױǴ޵ľ۾ӵá
˾ʿʣ΢΢һ̾Ϣ֪ʵģˡ
㶵ؿޣԺȴһǳҪ⣬ԪڤӣҲ൱һӣǲҲӦһӣ
뵽ɫϲ֮ɫУǷǵɡ
ͬʱʶ޷
ֱϣ߸ҧͷ
ңһأ
ȭȥӵžŲȭֱ޵ľ
ʱɵޣһűѿȥɫ棬ڿգ׹ڵء
ʾƾһȭ۵ףһȭûֻŴжأһ򣿻
ܣ
һȣ˫ַٴ۳ޣҧϣϴҧǰҽźݺȥ޾ֱ߷ɵһߣԱʱٶȣɵ֮УߵʱȻѣ£
ޣٸ
٣ұ٣
˵ţǰ˾ָ΢֣֮Ѿǿ˺üΪǾˣ˫Ѿ÷ʣһ̾Ϣ
飡
۵ޣÿγ嵽ǰǱһȭ򱬣Ǳһ飬ȻĲģﶼѪˣȴڲͣۡ
һһαҪ۳ԽԽСɳӣһɶԭе׹⣬Ҳ˾֮⡣
ϣʣֻ֮࣡
𣿡ҪûеĻǡ
Сţҡ
ʺȻһ仰Ȼֹ
ϱƽĲӣͻһ٣ӰһΣһƲӰͳ嵽ʸǰٶ֮죬ʸûзӦ̺оŲȭͺݺš
ʵģʱÿˣѪͣɽϸû˾ʣǰȥֱ׷ʣ˾֣ǱȴҵģϷһҪɱ
˾ֻһ̾Ϣ
£ȭٴϮһأûнʴõˣǽڵأдȣӸ˵ˣƲܽеģСѵĲС
飡
һȭ
ǰϷ򣡡
飡
һŲ£
ѵģӱɣӺһޣ봫ӹѵģ𣿡
飡
ߣһֱȭɳĹͷѾҲһ飬ǰоЩӿԽԽֻࣻǴʱ˵ŭȴ޴йûע⵽
ǿΪǿʳڣ˭˭㲻Ǹñʳ
ÿһʣһȭһţʱѪֹϸ˿ڣѪҲ۲
˾۾гһ죬Ŀǡ
ȴ㶵վǶųһֻα㣬ŹǰǸ߸ϵʣ˼ӿ漣
켴ֿϵӲ֪ȻһôǿķһֱϣֻΪ͸üͷ壬һŵģ԰ɣһҵġ
˵꣬Ŀ˳ϡ
ϻڴţ˵ţֻһнʣΪԼ𣿾޵˵һ˵ҪѪϴ㣡
Ѿˣ޻֮ÿһȭоڵףڼؼ٣ŨϢΧ
׵ӣ³Ԫˣһ³
Ͽȣһȭֱʵ
ͬһ˲䣬˾ʳ֣


531 Ȫˮ
ʱϿŹֻгûнľأ˾ٲȥ˼Լ֣ѿΪҪٲ֣ʾͱˡ
һʹ˾ʸϽֵԭ򣬾һȭһֲ̫֮ԽսԽǿΪսսгɳ
һս˾Уĵĵͷ£ϵľݸ˲˾ʵƷµ
µ˾ʵĻ£һˮȴֺͨˮȫһ֮ɫĹΪٶʵ̫죬ХΪ̶ƿ֮Х
׳ˮԪâϱһ㣬ӿХƲ赲ֱҪƬռ䣬ѳϵӣӿ˿˿âϢô֮ϣѺۣ֮ʵ
ˮԪâ˲
Ͷâȴûнʵȭջȭ£ֻϣһѤô۵ʹâ
ͬʱؽ֣ƥаնһһǳľȺɽɱһڵõģ似ںһġڡ
ڡһ˾ɫ䣬ˮԪâѾ뽣âնһ
䣡
бشĿĹâ˸޷۾ҵɨգ羪κһ񱩣µĴضòϹѣ
似ԣڡ似ǿ˾һնֻؽ֮в㣬ϾϻҪĶԸʣһҪأһнʼлϻûģ
ˣؽһҲˮԪâĴ󲿷ܣʣµǹˮЯײʷȦ֮ϣȻһը죬ʹȦҡ˼ΣָֻĵˮȴǸʹȦ֮ϣһɴ̹Ǻ⣬ֱӣ
ʷȦȻꡱ죬ðɫ
Ҳܵͬһ˲䣬ϵȭȻݺʵĵﴦ顱һֳɰ˴飬˸ÿһ֣ڽѪرͷ³ѪҪһ㡣
ԭλãµһԪˣɫԪˣ
֮һĻ˳ÿһȭÿһŶϰ֮⣬бÿһȭÿһţ϶һʵڣһȭ㽫ЩȫȻͷǷ
ʣˣڳȭ£
ɫԪˣʹȦϵ֮ˮ֪ʲô
ӿһĻǾòپӿ״Ȼڴ漣ļȴûϵϴ漣ʵ̫죡
˾ɫһƬѳİ˴飬һƬ֮ʱӿ֮У˹֣֮ڻǸ߽ʱ򣬾ʶˣ֯һαʶģ˸ʶǻˮݣˮݣǴʣǴˮʣһΣ˶ѽѷ֣ǲʤӴ֮ϤдԣһΪ֯׷Ҹϣ£ͬһ߽Ϊ֮ʱΪ֯۹ף֯һ׵ӣõһȪˮˮӣʵǴ֣ңԴһֹ似ҲʱȻܸٵ˺ܴҪԭ
üֵ꣬൱񣬶ǳ˽Է
ҲΪˣǰ˵Ǿ仰˾ǿûг֣
ڣʾȻǸƸˣԲ˵̫ţ̫ʣΪǲУܲڱһɢųϢСϸ
֪ʳ˰˴飡
֪ˣҾͲӦùô࣬ϣһˮһ𣬻СӸɱ˾ʸΪڵǣǰںɫСӰΧʱûнһƻӳȥҪȻŵģվŵģֵܣɶСӡ
ƣḶ۵ģȭϷһٱ㣬ϷὫնһǧ飬һ飻̵ֶΣɱ
˾ʱʹߺ޵˵ţǿɫˮҲˮ𣿡
˵ţϾȭʷȦջأȪˮȥϵʱоһɴ̺ʴϢȭͻˮɫУЩȪˮȫб
һҲȪˮ˵֮ڣȪˮڳʱѪϸֱӸʴˣҪԪڤӣػǾôһȪˮܽϵӸʴ
ϽȪˮ뵤֮ˮԪɣ뷨򵥵ÿԣˮԪϪ֮ˮ̺ں֮ˮĵˮкβ̣
ǺˮԪҲ˺֮ǰͬ£
ֻˮԪɣҪɵö࣬ҲǰǰңҲųɵȪˮ
˾ʿȪˮһ㶣켴Цǲ֪ȪˮҲġ˾ҪſЦ֮ʱĿȴһڳϵĴָ֮ϣöԪָ
˲˾ɫΪ𾪣ָųϣЩ͵˵ǡǡħӣ
϶˾һۣû˵
˾ȴ˱ѣٽ֮ǰһڵĴЩͣɾˣˡ˾ʵ֪ǰ֮˵ݣҲԳϷˣظĻˡҡ
ֲãֲֵܲĶ֣ԭ㾹ȻǡơħӣȻͬһˣ˾ʻھţЩӵĶ𾪹ȴӿһʣûôϰɡ
˾ʽǰʵ֮µֱָϣȵҲƣħӣ㶼ҪȡԼ֮飡ܰϢھȪ
Ҳнʶѡ
˵ţϴӴָȡٴϳѹϣ
֣ɳʯƵ
ѹŲȭһ˲֮ģ
˾ɫһ䣬ѸȻ֣µ˲նʮʮ֯һҲ״ŵâ֮Щ״ȫȪˮס
Ϯ䣡
ڰȪˮӵâ֮ױȥϣð̡ȴرʴ
ٶȻʴܣȴ˾
ʮâҪƹֱϮϡ
۾һУ
ըȪˮըڿգȴûɢϷȥʮâǱըĴҷɡ
ȭȪˮڡ
˾Ѷµ׺նɱ


532 ϣ
˾ɱˮĻ׷棬Ƹܲ
ֱһµ˾ʣ˾ʾµĸо
ָоҲйֻת˲š
δ£֮ʱңֱ˾ʵ࣬ȪˮٴǵӿȥٶȣǴչʴ֮
ƣ⣬͵סҡ
𣿡
һʣһ֧Ҳң³һ֣ǰһֻȪˮըһ˲䣬һֻѸȻɹ
ʱյ÷ǳȷ˾۾һݣоƴµһ
¡¡
ײµƷµֱѣ̶ըһǿײضȥ˾Ȫˮ൲ȻײѪӿ˾ӲѪȪˮһµȻɱǰ
ˮ治Сӡ
Ҫ֪ͬѹʤ֮ʱǸӣһûеסȻϲ֪ǸʲôģԿ϶ǣһڵȨƣܱ˾ǼƷͣ
ֻŴﵽЧȫΪĵˮ
ţȴһû壬ԾգؽնһʽһʽġڡӰ˾ذΧ˾µһȦȪˮ£סӰ
۾ףˮܸʴʴʵ⽣â似ܸʴֿ֮϶˵ôõĶȻܴ
ڳϵĵ֮УȪˮĵӺˣˮԪɣޱȣҪԪڤ٣ϾһƬԭʼɭ֣ҲҴȪˮ⣬ΪٶȣԶԶȪˮʴٶȡ
ȻȪˮʴһܣҪڡϾףڳϲͣʩչڡһ֡ڡˮ롣
˾µ൲롰ڡӴһɲǣֿѵصܵ˾ʾò죬˾ʲľǱӦʹءޱȵĳȻôһЩڵԪҲǰǰת硣
о˾ľѣħӣƣ似ôӰ쵽ҵնɵһšնԴﵽЧǰ似ǡնŶԣ
ϲ֪˾ʲôֻһڣڱȭУֱȪˮȥ
ɫˮУòڡӰ˾ʣâֱ䣬˫ץסѾ˺۵µֱȭȥЦ˵ҪҾ̸
˿µȻ̽УΪȪˮһȴһҧԽڣ켴̧ͷ˾˵лл
ߣ
˾һߣ˫־죬һʮȵĴת̱ˮ죬ͬĳˮĴӣſբţˮӿһ㡣
˲䣬Ȫˮ˾ʵɱƬأȫû
ҵҪ㣬ộ
˵ʵڻǰȪˮ׵Ļǳϲֱһ̾ȪˮͲˣˮԪʵ̫һ̵̫ͣˮԪɲ˵Ϊ˷
Ȫˮȴǳӿ
ˮ̫ˣŶӣ
˵һ仰ֳıϢϯЩͷһҪڳͷȪˮȻͣڿС
˳һ֮ڵȪˮҺ̬״ȫס
˾ʱˣҲһ
˾ʱϾʣЩСϺһʶסɽȪˮǵصɫ״СֶΣǰôûóãˮǿ˻ģ
˾֪ǰǳϲãǺĹ˻𺣣ܵشĺͷӲҪ˺ЩףԪڤӣǿŵڻޱأ
һƬɫҲ˿ǰЩĺ֮ԭܻʧڿֿܵûг֡
⺮ı֮ƺǿһ㣬֪Ⱥ׵֮󣬻ʲô״
ţϵȴûͣ
ԶĵӣӳϿŹʿʼһֱţûкϹϴһ˸һ˸ߵ漣ͷţȫȫذΧˡ
˾ھ֮ͻضԪһһϱƣžأΪ̶Ϣ֮˾ʻһɫâʢıȻը
סңܣ˾ǼζȪˮ˲סˣҲܸʴ
ŶԭˮȪˮֻ治һ䣬ֶ˾˵ܶһΣܶڶΣΣĴΡ
ųϻ£Ҫ˾ʣֱסˡ
˾һ𣬱
һӣϢٳ˾ٱ
ƿסƿٱס
һʱ֮󣬺׵ˣ˾ʲƿ˱˾ǻŭͳÿһϸ֮Уܶ㶳㶳
˾ŭţһȭ£ܱסȪˮʱȫҺ壬ٴӿȥȴЦ˵һллƿ˱ȻúķҵԪ
ԭһʱƴˮԪѾǿҳȪˮȫ֣Ȼֻ֣ȴѾȪˮаȻһʱˡ
˾ʻû׳Ǿ仰˼ʱѾ̤ȪˮУ
ΪʲôȪˮСЧǰֵҲˣʲôɣǸŮӵķ
˾ţǱߵĵӣ϶ҲȪˮһѾ޴µɣʮɣһɲƬؼ伤µÿһ˿˿ƶƴⷽص
أ޴µ˲俳
ؽɲؽܵʴǰȪˮʵ׽Ԥϣֻȭ൲ȭͷˡҷն似˲ٶȭµͬһλϡ
ȻٶȭУÿһȭֻͨĶʮٶȭҲ죬Ѿ޴µҶˡ
˾̣˲ֻΪݣϵҪ˵ţǶ˵µն£
һβУǾٶһΣȭͷٳ
˾ʱֱ̤գӵķ˲ƶȥ


533 㲻ҿ˽
ԭ˾֮ⲻھƣڵӣҪõвϣ
˾ʵʵڲ֮䣬ǰ֮ôİ£ΪʱѩޣΪȪˮƾ̣ɱ˾ʱط֣ȪˮһСЧ
ûƾ̣˾ʺʲôĽпܻᲽʵĺ󳾡
˾ʲø˾أΪʱҲ͹˲ʲôɲɣ֮ǰ߸ϵؿųϣ֪ħͬһ֮ϷͬλϣǻҪһλϣȻҲǰħӲǰħӣǰľȺɽħɱһ£ʱ⺷档
ԣ˾ʺγ²ߣ
ʱĳϣڵڶζµ˾ʵĶ˾ʴʲô⡣
ʱʲôҲܣȭδգת񱼶ȥǶһµݺݵϣȻʷȦػһ͸ϵӣػһӿû³ѪȴǱ˻ȥ
˾˻ڿУѾȪˮֱӣȪˮܽƷʴôһڵӵϣĵӿ϶ǵסġ
ڣȪˮҪϮ֮ʱǹžٴμȦֻȦɫȻ͸΢ϢȪˮ˲串ڹȦ֮ϣȦɫȴڽֵ
۾һѪ죬õӳһ£ΪжΪϾҪȫʱֱڿգ˲ѹŲԪȵȣڳǧߺһԶȫѹ˽ȥ
ţ˳ȥ
âҫȻϢûܱǹɻذһ㣬ȴǳҵ̫ѿһ㣬ĿĹâֱö֮˾㶼ʧ
˾ʱһµӣɾҪ֮ʱһɻϢ֣ƺֻҪһͻҷؼһ㡣
ԥأ˾ʴһӿȪˮԼΧ˫һƣȪˮҲת
ڴʱϮһĿâ·ǹ⣬գһ㣬תŵȪˮУһƬУ
ϿתȪˮ۾ɫȴͣϢһȸԾڵǰʱǹȦѾȻžʵĿը֮ʣ޼ˣӵɫҲһƬ԰ףϼæ˫һ죬УȪˮڡ
ֻһϢĹ򣬸ڹȦϵȪˮͱ˸ɸɾץӵ֣ŽӵİΣûоɵȴоԼ۵֣һƬʵůİΧ֮УеǰεĻ棬ɫ
һУǵʯ֮䷢
֮УһҽУ
ȴϬԺɨǧ֮ƣ˺˿˺תȪˮ˺˾ʵķݺݴ̽ţ
ǳصһɲǣʹը˾ʿ϶Ǳըøǣǣôȥڳ˾ʵļֱֵ΢΢
ȻûдಿλȴǴ˸ԴԹ˾ʵǰش̽ٴĺ󱳷ɳһɳѪ
ʱӴӿ룬ٴλָ˲٣һץ㽫ץԵӵ˵ͷ֮˵һᱣġ
Ӧһϸ˿С
һЦתȥ
ٲ֮ˮ̶ֱȪˮˮѪ׵˾ʣӦʮݣһɫˮԪƵ˵ֱϲӡ
ȭᵲӲӲ˾ˮ۱ն÷飬Ҫ۰㣬ȴаͣͣһֱСﴦȥҪֱ߱ϵ
״ǸЦ㲻ôһŮ˵⡭˵ţ岨ҽţֱӭ˾һŶȥꡱһٴȻȭͷﻹ˵ҿ֮
˿㻹ʲô£˾ʲʹЦ˵
һߣɱ㣬㹻ˡһʺڽսȻҲܹѹڼԶʹըѿֻΪϵ͵Чǿߣò󣬻ȭȭѪĴֱƴɱΪʵã˾ʸպóϿӡ
顱죬˾Ѫ⺷ɢոԪûùϵĹɱȭҹȭֱȭߡߵȵͨʽʩչ
ɾѰͷ쳣õʽȴ̺ŻĿֲ˾ʱѪŽ޻֮ȴѪɱң֯Źġ
ǺǺǡ
Цһȭ£˾ʺݺҽأ˾˸׹˾ʵؿڣֱǸӴʮײȵʮףһץס˾ʵĲӣڴشס
켴ٽڵϣ˾е϶ûˣִղǾ仰ЩСӴܣ˵һԴӮһ˵ţһȥҵ㣡
㡭
Գϵ䣬˾ǱȴԴаǣҪŭȴһȭݸ˶ϱȭ˵Ҳʲô֯ҶƲҪɱǣɵծһǻģֻǸտʼһһЩˣɣǲҾǷʬǧ
֪СΪӮңµһ𣿡
ɱ㣬Ȼɱˣɱˣɱɱˣɱһ죬ӻὫ𣡡һŲ£ȴ˾ʵĴȣȶˡ
˾һҽУĿⶢųϣȫһɱģҾҲһȥ
㲻ġϵ˵ն˾ʻ뷢ʲôԣȴǸоз˽һҵʹȻͿһɫĶǰһΪûԪˣ㻹һȥ𣿡
ۡ
˾ʿѪţ˾ȫХ֡ơǡħӡ˾⼸ֺĿⶢųϣѪѣڶԳ˵Ϣ¶ˣ֯ɱ㣬һҲȡ
׳ա
ϵ˵֣ſ޴֥ɺʵѪ֥ɺ棬ϲһοǰΪԼɣԾûСǳȥǵѪӦֻٰɡ
켴ȡϵĴָԶӣ˹ȥ


534 ǿ
ʴչ֮ʱͱƵ˼Զ֮ˣҲ˲Ӱ죬˼ȵĻ֮Уߵǰ壬һգܾʹĥ֮˹
ѹϵĵһ仰ǣôû
ΪһҪ㱨𣡡
ȴǾ÷ǳزæܿȥ֮ǴؾԾ˶ϴ˸裬ֱǧһֲûп뿴ģٴζۿȥɳ˵ǰ⣬ˣ㶵أ
ˡϺܺģػ֡
ƻһȴʵ˾أ
Ҳˡ
ܣƾ㣬ôɱǣֻѣ
ϵһЦаٱ䡷һתǳϢͿʼһ·˴ԲʾͣϢʱѹƸӾʹϢ
ƸӾ㲻֪ʲôΪϢоƶϣʺ˾ʵϢҪˣһ֮ɫȴ䶯촽Ŷ̶꣬ôܱ֮ǿ㡭˵Ʋټ˵ȥǹڵϣͣϿͷ˵ǰ˲С˹ɣұ֤ٺԣ͡
ܵģʲô£͵Ҫܣôԩ꣬ҪҵѪ죡
ǰԪʯƷԪʯһƷԪʯ͸ǰǰĹûûŵˡΪöӻţãŲѵɪɪѣ۾ҲȻ޹⡣
ҡҡͷ˵Ԫʯģɵġ
ҡһһҪϢ֪ԪֻҪǰĹҾ͸ǰ˵ܣΪϿ϶ᶯݣ֪ϸûᣬֻ˵ǱҪġ
ǰԪмĺôƲĵȰ˵ţϻصô꣬ûԪҲܿ𣿡
ѵ㡭
ǾҪˣҸһܡ
˵ʣܣʲôܣ
֪Ϊ˭ȡȴҵ
һ
֪ΪʲôҪ˵ôϻ𣿡

̵ظоֿ־壬ˣֿ־ҲǵĹ衣˵ֶ˵ǰ˵ʲôʬʬҾú֮ܲ󣬾Ͷ
Ҫ㡭͵һ󣬻عڵϣţʱڵϵȴͻسɱһѵֱ̳࣬񺿣Һƴˡ
ûʸ񡣡Цһץסǵӣ˾ʹǵɷĩһԴֱԴĽ˶£׸ߵƣĳɶʮףѪ䡣
һĻֵ˼£һѿڶƣĹңˣʲôУǽһҲԸ⡭
㶼䣬Ļȴǰǣҧһڣ
˵꣬ҽŲ£ȳһ̲࣡
ΪֹɵңڵõĳͷĴۣûһ˸УֻĮȡƵĴָ֮һ֣
Զӿţȴͻʲôٶߣе˵ߣ
ҲߵġЦŻص
ߣ㶼ˣΪʲôߣݶѾ¶ˣղһŷԲǧ֮ڵˣһڵǺܿͻҵ
Ҿ
ɱ𣿡
ǲһɱҡ
ϵ˵ԭҲû뱩¶֣ǵȷһʴںֿ϶ᱩ¶ˣƴɱֻƵЩֶΣֻʱҲںֵı¶ˡ
ӻǲؿųϣЦѾ¶ˣվվطһڵ׷ɱ˵ʲô𣿡
ȥòǸһģһʹҿ϶йϵԳҵӻ㣬Ҳûпܵġ
ҡҡͷǲҵļңҵļڰ׼Ҵ壬ɽ¡
㲻ǣȥһҲڱôΪرڱ߾ϵĦԽԽص¡ң㲻пԱ任òϢ𣿻һףһϢ˭ܹϵó㣿
ǿͷԵػһ䣬ʵǿﶼ
ٶȱǿһҵĥʯûнȫ˵ЩŵҪģ
⻰ӱ˵ʲôɿϼᶨ켴ף˵ʲôı䲻˵־ˣ΢΢һ̾ϢȴṩԴԴϵӣô¶
ɫɬһ˵˸ţ󣬺˵һᾡȫҵģҶĳŵ
ȻԵĵӲûôˣֵӣԪڤٵӣҡ
͵Ҹҵıɡ
˶Сûȥ̸ЩεĻ棬˵˺һ֮󣬳˵ӣˡ
ǲŮѣȴʡ
һ㶣ͷ˵ǡ
ŶԵʧȻһصĹž
㲻ߣ
ȻߣҪ㲻ȫѰҵҵı꣬ǰװ׸ˣҪ㣬㣡ɵ˵
ΣգԵĲнʡ
԰ҲҪø
Ϊʲô
ӦҺԸ񣬺񣬾ôȰ㣬㶼뿪һôȰңҲ뿪㲻ð׷ĻˣҲû˼Ҳõһ㣬û취λսֻ뿴ҵͶʣӯǿԣڶ˵Ҫľǿʵ
һһִŵ̶̳ȵŮ˵ϻûа취ˣ˺һ˵չ˺Լ˵꣬ԾȥС죬յӣҪ˱ӵĳǣԸĨͲ븺𣿡
켴׷ٶȥ
ϲû뿪ǣ߽ѾЩѵĳ֮ϣسʿܵòӰԶǲãأգХƣڶ֮ǣʮ֮ڣۺˣұӦս
ս⼤Х֮׶˷ɢȥֻ
סŲ𾪵ؿӭıӰĴ󶯣һսս£
ͬʱҲ׳ϸղ뿪Ϊãɵȴ飬ߣ뿴Ӣۺ
ϣХ󣬱ϥڳţȡʵԪˣһ̷


535 ٱ䣬һбе
ǷԲǧ֮ڣȻвһڵĵӣ˾һХǶʱǵ仰еţеȴǻɣŻǻɣȫϢ洫ȥ
ɸչûжã˳ǾսȺ۵Ļ仰һԱȣȫסƾħӡϢģ
ʱϢʮ𼱵ٶȣһڣᰡ֮Ĵʴȥ
յϢģֻһڵӣ콣ŵģŵģŵģĪϣ޿棬ªϸдԽϸߣߣ
ϢٶȣƮ½ʱǿӵԪˣ˾ǿȪˮӵԪˡ
ʵԪˣûжٶҲϿ죬ųϾһ֮ĺһҲܣԶǳԷƣưӡ
Ҳ֮ƴźɣӵûãԪתȵһӵϣסӣźӲϹ
ڳϲཫԪ˸ɾں֮£ԹԾͷˣʱﴫһɴδйĸоóϲһֺǿĸоϳָо֮ʱţһҪԣҪԡ
ϲݸţлģѰ½һһԣȳ½Ǿȥĵط
˵ţָʩų棬ɫںɫб֮з֮һһȣ෴ܹ棬ȫʵĻ𡭡
˿̣ȴʵʵڵΪһ壬ͬʱɢ
Ļ𣬳Ȼǳ⣬üͷ˼֮һ֣ڣ֮û˵ʲôȴصؿ֡
˵겻ãԪɶȫѹ£Լ֮ɫͨʮǲɽڶ㣡
Ȼϴʱһȭʮͳ˲ɽڶ㣬ɳȴãɽһҪ꣡
һʹľնʱ֮󣬵ʮڳڣ
һûѹֱֻӶԿպ
ǡǡ
ȭͷ֮Ȼۿɼƣ
ѣ
Ҳӣţ¶ЦݣȻֻϰ˵ȷЩֵһᣬǣֻһȭֻǲɽڶ㣬Ʒߣɲġ
Ҫǣϸоǿ̶ȣǿ
ûмȥó˾ʵԪˣ̺Ȫˮ˵ϵڵˮԪһӣɣҲ֪ǴǶԣɵʱ򣬳Ѿûκ·ˣҪץһпԱǿĻᣬǿ
һ֮󣬾̷ֱ¶ǡ
ˮԪȪˮɣ̫ǿ֮ʵΪǿ˵սڳϵĵ֮ڣǳˮԪ
ȪˮҲ׵ĺ󳾡
˿̣ɫɫɫɫɫ͸ɫĴڣ㷺˵ҲԣĻԣˮԪˮԣԪڤٵľԣһǲ֮ڵԡ
ԣһŶһ޶ĵ飬ȷ룬ȴںϡ
ϱ߷˾ʵԪ֮ʩչˮɫ֮ˮӳûи֣¶ȴǴӣϽһˮ䵽ǰʯϣ
ʱһ𣬽֮󣬴ʯΪУ
ϷԪˣһʱ֮󣬳׼ͨʮʮҲΪɽ׼κβɽľͨʵ̫Ӵ̫ӣϻûм
ǣϰʮͨȭϣ֮Ĵͣ˺һʱ䣬һͦĿռ䡣
ˮӣԪ֮ͨϲ໨һ죡
һʱ붫ľӧȵõϢӧһһģɺҲͷѰˣԣֻһˡ
ӧϢŭɶȣħƣƾħӣɶ̫ɶˣɶ񣬻С֪ߵغ񣬻ʮգޣⲻһսһڣɱнϷȡͷ׷ɱ㵽ǧ
ŭغһͨӧٶǱȥҪǰնͷ­޳ΪһЦ
ޣǶΪĥԼҪĥԼ˵ﶼԣ޵ĸĿģΪɣ
˴󴴣ûһ㹻춯ص壬ָɵδԤϣɶԳдȻɾʹҪƴһƴԼһ֮ɣ
ȻϻҪζţǺõġ
ӧЩȻƣǿ˺־أЩˣߣƵʶȴͣڳֻɱĴľϣҸʲôƾħӵĻ
ǣǶڴܻǻɱǱʰǱ۰ƣȤΪԻúرһһ˵ĳƺţҲ뵱ǵһˣ
ʮյϢҲǵһʱǸȥеȻΪߣ֮£ܴȫ糱ˮӿǡ
ԣڳϴͨĥŵӸոոĹԪڤٵʩչ֮֮ʱǧ֮⣬ѾΧ˲ٿֵˣ֮£һȵСӣƣǸɵ𣿡
ۣ˵սģ
㾿ʲô£Ȼǫ̂
һ֮²Ӯ
ӿʲôӹȥ
˴ţԾУһҫʵĺ罣ú磬ʮ㣬һֱûֱ׼ȫˣߵ㣬һָԪһɫâڿգ
СôŰ㡣ȫȻʩչĽâʺ罣ֱâնȥѾãնƽâնϡ
ѡһ䣬ϱۣջָɽâ
ۣ
նʺ罣ն˸飬˴ϲ׹ٶȸ죬ֻǧ֮һգۼ䣬ϲԶ
ʱǱնĽâͻٴγǰûӦô¶âӻ
ʱǿԴڿգ
ѪҰ
ͷʬ彦֮£
С
ԶۿˣȫȳһȴһָһУһâɱ
ƣͣ
˵ڿǿԴص˲䣬룻ǲ֪һâ棬̺
ʱӧ붫ǣĸʱʱ䣡
֮ҲӵϢ̤ǵ·
ϢԷɿٶȣ´ԽԽ֪Ϣ


536 ּɫƣɱ
Īϵ֪ƾħӵϢһһʱ֣˵ҹͣؿ񱼶ǣţоѪڷڣ
޿ôϢӣҲǷǱȥҪȥϣжôģֻǱƵһˣҲ֮أĻﻹһʱƵһѡ
ҷ֪ϹܿϢϹܿħ޴ֱǣ
ζõŴϢųս껣жϣǧڣƵɱǣͬʱɺ붫ĺߡ
ʵһˣҲеõϢʱʵĹָɣʱʴЦȻɺжҪһ񣬶ӵһУɵİˣ裡˵꣬һɽʣٵӣǾӢеľӢӣ̤϶Ѫս֮·Ƕһȥζʲôһǿݣ
ªϸ۾һһСŮڿգţƣʲôϵΪʲôûгѵ
콣ˣΤ롣
ˣڴ󺣺ͳ壬Ρ
׹ǰˣ˾ӣʱ˾Ѿ佫֮ɽʮҲˡ
Ĵɱ𩣬ϵѪûвɣɭɭ׹ǵ˿ڣֱǡ
ڱСİʦֵǵ̸ֱۣʦǣһһɽŶϷƵ񣬷ǡ
Ȼ᰺켫ҲˣҪɱǰһںƺ
ߣ۶ǣ
Щ˶֮ʱǰͷѾݳһСΣϰٿͷ­ǲаҪɱǣнȫĸ߽ǵĽ֣ǱһнѪڿգʬ׷룡
֪ǲҵѪȣųϼҶ׳սͻرܲڳһƬ꣬ȴû
ʱһӰվڳ֮£ûпûţֻзս⣬ҲޱȣһѲ񵶣ֻѲ񵶵ܴ󣬴
սӰ˾
ϸսԪڤٵʩչ֮ĥһ߰˰ˣۣû֮ǰһҪֱӿս˵㿴Աߵͷ­𣿡
ԵΣ߽Ϊȴûһ˿ȵ֪ڸ߽ͣʮˣҲҪȥҪͻƣҪԣҪѹҪսҪǿǿҲ޺
ҵĥʯ
嵶ң˵ô˵۾ȴûаֲҵĿ⡣
ϴϣԼӰӣȻ˵ܸʲôۣԴĴۣһ֮£һûѹȥ
嵶˰죬ȡһ鶫
һɨ۾ʱһΪǿ鶫һɫƣָƣͼЩһ֮⣬ȫһ
ƣһԿףɾǴʲôطԿҲ֪嵶˵Щˣгޣת˵ǰ𣿡
У
³һ֣ӹ嵶׹ĺɫƣЩССļԭԿףʲôԿףԿף¶һ飬ǿһ飬ֵһ飬᲻ỹУϰʣɫƷŽ˴ָ
嵶Ѿ˫ֽմ񵶣ȫȫĿƣϢ֮һȣʽ
ȡһѽͨĽ֮ǰնϰٿԴϴûԶΧ˾찡ʹˣԸһ߽õų𣿡
嵶ԾϵһƶΣֱӣһն£ֱеǰѴն룬嵶ʱΧһҧŰز񵶣¡
ϧһĽĻؿڣ¶һɼɭɭ߹ǵ˿ڣѪŽѪˮ嵶һҲʹŤ켴ڵء
ʼգ嵶ûаҽУֱֱסϣŸղųնһУֶλƣܸо΢΢Ԫ
Ҫ˵ʲôͻ̧Զȥ۾â켴ԶСӣϷˣװɣƣܸˣƺϾҪ
ǵһõϢͣ·ڶ㵽ĺӧ
һ֮ѶΧߣĲѣɫ԰ףǷ׷ײ²⣬˾˭Ķˣ֪ܲܿ˵ͷ
һƽˮ˲ƣֻ嵶˵翳죬˿֮ǰһţҡ
嵶ۼᶨ˿ڣȺ֮У
ովӧӰ㸡Уڱȳվĳͷߵλãӵ˵СӣΣӲˡ
ߺˣһȣҲɱ֮
ӧŭҪָһȴͻЦϷһľӧźӧ˾仰ɢúԶЩΧ˸һ켴𾪵ױ֮ʲôľнʵΪˣӣƿ϶ˣ
ҶӮһ˶ߣתͷȥһĨ簵㸡ӰĿѾΪˣòȻҲǲ˶ôܣһ˵ãҺģҶĺǰӮӮˣҪֽ֣һ÷ݡ
ãӮˣҪǱ䣬ĨٻӰȻӣĵĲǳӮǶĳϻţǸĵˣ˵Ҫһ־֮УԼЦ˵˶ҵԴúεģǲ֪βΣ
ûȴݵҳǣҪҾ͸ҲŹ㡣
ӧǾ仰Ȼʲộֻǵصӧû˵СϵȻû˵һйһ֮ԵϹô˵ֻΪ˼ŭѡ
ӧȻŭϢȻǸ߽ʵΪŭңܵҵŭ𣿡
ֻҪԴ
˵ţаٱ伫תϱԲʵϢӧܵϢһһϺȻ֣ؽڡն
ߣЩСֶ𣿡
ӧһߣһ֣צһ£һâֱ϶ȥҾǴڡ
ھ֮ʱУµһ꣡


537 ꣬Ҫ
غƵһ֣ƹѹǣزģ
ս˱ˣֻͼ濴ɫʵ𣿡
ӧ˫Ŀﾫⱬţͬ⻮ޱߵҹ˸оģȫŨŨɱ뺮⣬һɱŰϢڱһ籩ɫɱϡ
һѵصʽԲͰֵĹââֱӱն÷飬ĹâûоʹɢɫǴŵзȥгǧɱĥġڡҲɫ˸ɸɾ
ˣ۾һݡ
ӧڴţϷնٽն̶٣
ҵġڡ̵̾ģʣһ֣
еɫӴӣʱһͣһ˲䣬ղ̽ȥЩâ˳һƬѪҲ˳
ѪĪģ
ϻһ壬ҲģһɴԪۣˮԽԽСûʲôѪǰ
ѵ˵̶̵ʱںӧʲôɣ
ڳϾȵʱ򣬺ӧľȾԱȳϴ󤡱ľǷͬ죬Ԫô򵥣ղ³ǵâȫֱܹӽнǸ߽ɱ
֪Ʋá󤡱Ѫ
һ似ʲôͬӧȻǸ߽ʣ֮ǿɸղҲûнСڡȫɾ
ӧȻ֪һСڡڡǾŲ
ϰеɻ˼ߵŲֻѪѣѶԸţؽնԣη壬ȥ̣һХХϵɽΪֻ̺ûô
ԶսˣˣֱӵһƬֻ¼ʮˣվţȻվţϸһ㵭ĹȦĵǸˣĽ£еη֮ʱֻϲţ˵һֲټһʣˡ
Ӳÿɷȴ˵ȻԼûɣҲټλӵʱ
ҲǲһΣһ֮䣬ײ˹
𣿡
һնĳâնһЩ켴ԾУ˫ȭɿͷȭѹоŲȭѹ߲ÿһԶʮ֮
ȫǴײǼٵĳƣ
˾һСӣȻֱжʮɵľסʲô
ӧʹɱŨС˴ã˾ãΣħӻҪڣһһҪ
룬ӧͳһѪɫƿһָһһƿɫҺӿڣ󤡱һŭ𣬺ֱը϶ѣľӲ
ʱϴһͷײš
һײֱǧ֮ʷȦػҲײ߹ǶѣʮѪˤڴϣֱײʮǽǳǽҲನ֮£Ȼ顣
󤣬Ϸײ⽴
ӧһУҪϣͻء󤡱ͷŴӳϷɽѪ̶꣬һţһһ̣Ѫͽ˾֮ڡ
ɲʱжʮɳɫѪ֮󣬾Ȼֱɣۿɼɣ
ӧľɳѪ϶ޱȽӽѪ溬Ѫ֮ҸղһƿԾѪҪϾʲôܣֲúھʦһҪǽ˵ʬȥھʦطһԣѵ
ûټȥӧѪϷҪˡ
֮ľΪ׺ϳȥ
ҲղŵһУ֮۵ףأ϶˫֮ϣ֣һ֮ɫһ֮ɫ
죬ԳΪģˮһ㴫һһƻˮĲ֮Уƽɢ䣬ɫ֮ӣ˲ɢʮף
ǱˮУ
ƽ˾ͺ͵ģһǿϢҲޣɺӧȴоһŨΣգǾٶȶ˲Ϣ֮󣬺ӧɫһݣϣѪ
ƺҲźǰǵѪХȥһͷײȥ
ɲǼ䣬ƽ̿񱩿ǧɫڷӿ¡¡죻յҲŭ㣬ڲѣˮ¡
¡УɫʧˣʮɳľȴǱըֱӵɻȥߵӱСХڶ㣬һ㣬ֱӱըޣиѪꡣ
ˣ˵ӧʱ߰ɳӧץסȴסϰףͣ
ֹסӵĺӧȫ˲䱻亹ʪȻˣֹסزϣӰŸղŷһУԺը죬ʹ˫͵͹Ŀ֮ɫ
ʲô˴ˮǻܣû࣬ƺ󣬼첻ʲôɣӧһ·񱼶·δκͣȻûǷսϢȵͬʱͳֻѪƿι¡
սûоΪѾסˣôľȻǸƸɷôԶϲɫǸӣɫ࣬ͣʲô
ըĵط˳֮ʮ֮ڣѱըһƬԨϻδֻ֣֮ѪƷһ£ЩѪϢǺܵܵ
ƣϷľ󤣬ϷȡѪ죡ӧɸ߿գƳƺƣгһɫ⻪۳ɵĹ⽣ն
ʯȻ˫Ŀ͸ĹʩչղǿֲǾȭ˲۾Ų֮ҫ
𣬸ʯأһѤõĹâһɫ⽣֮ϣ⽣һкӧɫһ䣬ɫ⽣ٽӰ֡
ϲˣǼɫ⽣ϰټǣһӰԷ˿ȭ˺ۣƷ壬Ҳˡ
ӧɫ⽣ûɢȥָһˣ֮Ѫֱ򡰴󤡱ɫһ̣ʧȥĵ㣬ֳ˳
󣬺ӧųϣЦ˻һһϵѪ֮꣬ʹ
֮ꣿһڣ˵ѵꣿ
СӵǲעѪ
ããһ꣡ϹЦ
Сӣͷ㻹Цó
꣬Ҫˡ
һȣһɣӧ


538 Ѫ
Ҫꣿǳ룡ӧ۱ģ꣬꣬һֱУǧ֮ԾѪǧ֮ѪΣ䲻ȴ֮
˵ֽ¿һۣ˵ѪЩŹ֣Ѫܹ֮ʹͨ
ǾͿ꣬Ѫ˵꣬
ӧϾȻɱǰŭһȣ󤣡
˲ϣһצӣҸ׶ȻǱϸŭˣֻ׼Ŀ֮£ſ־塣
ϼӧһɱЦа֣ûа𣿡
˵꣬Ͻ⿪޴
нѪ֥ɺ棬ɱŨһĿ;ֹƱɱסһ㡣
óСʹ֥ɺɱ
ߣƾЩСӣôĶ֡ӧ˵Ц˵ãпǣҾһ֡
󣬳˫ͬʱӿԪˮȪˮӣ֮𡢼֮𡢼֮ĺףľԪڤ٣ԪΪСɽڶӴУ
ΪΪ̣֮Ϊף֮ΪţԺʮɽУ˱ΪȴѪģ˫ַתͣ
ӺһߴС֮ڿС
ӧСɹЦҲϷⱲģСҲĶϷ󤣬һ
ûᣬȴ͵һҧͷ켴һѪСϣ֮ѪΪѪԣ
ԡָճڣѪ˲֮ǵʮɣҡͷβ֣ͨѪ͸ѪһҪȥǿƣ˻һ嵽ǧ֮ߣ
̰ϿѪĺӧͻӾ𣬿˿Ѫٿͷƣɫޱȵأ˲֮ȴַЦһû۾Ϊ壬ͣҲһӶѡ
ʱҲֳأκһݣִƴ֮ɫӿһһΪѪۣ˵꣬Ѫȴûаֿ۾ٶӧЦøΪˣЦǺЦΪ棿ʲôҪʲôʲôʲô治ˣʲô治ˣϷҪնɱ㣬
ںӧһƬЦУûзŴӽٵ½ĵһ죬ʮ£ÿһꡢÿһ¡ÿһաÿһ̡ÿһ˲䣬񲫶˲棬죡أ
ϣ䣻ӤˮԤʦԤԣӣ飬ͷѣѪ̸壻佫׷ɱһߣܡ佫ʵɱ
һĻĻ棬ڳԺӿ֣ɲǼ䣬ʮҳʮ˸һɡ桱֮⣬ӳɢ桱罣˺죬УգǺ֮ƣҲ桱ۣתڳͷ
ӧɫ壬ҲЦСӾʲôص⣿
Զӣ
ֻġ桱֮ռ䣬׽ţŨţš
Ϣ֮󣬳ۣǳ
һͷ޷絹
һΣѪתͷһ˶ͷųϣһָ죬ġ桱⣬˲ۡ
ʱоԽԽĺӧȻˣȵϷǰŪ飬Ϸնͷ­ȡѪ㻹Ϊ
Ϭ
˵ţӧɫ⽣ٴۣٽһȦȦƣԶƮ죬ɥӷɢߣҪϰΧ
ͬʱӧٽѾɫ⽣һӵľľճһԶŵϢ˵Сӣѳ콣£Ҳ޺ˡ
ɣ
ӧֽɱ뽣Ϊһ壬ƶϬƿն
ʯ£һһҲδҪϮһָȪˮʱӿӭ򽣲ŽĽâ⡣
ǡ
ӧȪˮסˡ
ȪˮԽӿԽ࣬ס
סϬܵסһ𣿡ӧƽȪˮˣҪ˶ϯȪˮһһγУ໥ںҪγˮУ
һУӧȣɫƻˮУƷϣǿףھʦҲǱǸӳġ
콣Ȼںӧ߽Ϊʩչ֮£յˮУ赲סҲֻ赲סƿ
ӧţҪ˶ʱ䣬ܽǰˮиն飬ΪǰˮУȫܺƷϵǸˮȡ
ͬʱŹâֱײ߰ٶֻ֥ɺ棬ǰֱȥ
һ֥ɺ汻ȥһ룬ҪͻӿŤȴǼ̺ݺݴ˽ȥһʱ䣬Ҳǰ
ͷųˮУڡǡ죬ѪѪɫǣǡ桱ȴȫһٵָ֮ϣָ֮ϣǿտҲ֮ˣ涼桱⣬뷴ȥǰΪ£Щлվˣֲ֧סˣһ˲ҪڵϣȻӣɼǸָȴɴ󺿳ҪվţҪվš
һУ޹ء
ۣۣۣ
ѪھѪ
ۣѪ
ϵ˵ԾѪΪΪѪۣ
ųϵĻеƣȫϷӿ֣ڷ໥ײֱҪظεУȵһ£Ѫͷֻۣۣ
ʱ֮Ϸ¡¡죬ǲŭǵأգƺˣ·Ҫ˺Ѵء
һ˲䣬¡һ죬һ磬ɫ磬ˮͰ磬ڿգ·Զž˰㣬˺ܵĺƣ
ݺݴڸոտ۵Ѫϣ
һ磬ûʧڶ磬ֽ
ӧѪĿʧС۳ô䣿֮󣬺ӧֿϲųϴȵƣıˣ춼ݲ㣬Ҫ㣡죬ϷҪеɱ㣡
𡪡
Ѫ


539 Ҫңұ
绹ں
Х
һƬڰطէ죬ɫһ㣬Ͼֱڵڶô˺Ļʱ
ζ飬žžֱأӵңֱй£
ɲ䣬֮ˮ䣬֮ߡ
սˣ˸ЩվŵģҲˣƺ֮£վȫǿ־壬־壻վŵ˵УȻеӣϵĹȦôڣֻǵӵľһƬ԰ףһ˫ӣȻϣĵǸˣͻԹȥ
ģֻⶫŹսˣ֮ˣֻΪԶܵĲһѡ
ǵ֮䣬ոսһڴϢЦݣԭ̤շжֲĴսʼմڴ֮ϡЦ⻹ûȫţ¡һը죬֮Ͻۿǿе䣬Ƕǣѵֳ⣿˵֮꣬ٶȸؿǣˮ䵽ϻ֮Զʱ㲻һȥ
켫һۣμĪϲٱӰܿڴϣ޿ΪǰǰС
𣬡ʲô꣬Ŀ綤϶žӢϵȷɱ
ζͶǣǰ棬һ£Ϲܿð·ֻΪ㵽ﶫǣ˾ڸ·һﵱȣʹڸ·֮УҲûֹͣСİ·Ƶٸ߷ڿգǳͿշУ𩲽ᶨ
ǳªϸǰһ죬Ҳ
ɶ˫۱˪ȻѣɶȴȻǣȣ
Խ֮أǿɮͷۣͷУȴ֮򣿡
ˣ䣬Ĭþ֮£ҲԶӡ

ˣһĻĻٵĸп
ĳϣûʹԪ꣬Σδϣƾɷ紵Ʈ㣬Ϊʲôĳ֣ǹɳ졮桯𣿡
ƺˡ桱ɣ
âŭҴܣ۳ѪХţȥββֱڶ硣
β
ɫ磬ֵ¡
ʱϡ桱ֱ죬̤Ѫϣֱֱָĵ磬𣺡죬𣿡
ӧ⻰һݣ켴Цƣǲ֪ߵغ㣿ǰ㲻һ϶ѣ£Ǵ
衪ž
磬ݺݳ˳ϣ
ֻһ飬ͽǿƷǿ壬ɢܣƤ⽹ڣѪɽڷֱڿգǵ֮ڵĵ飬ȻҲбɢļ
ϿѪ³һѪѪϣήҵѪӿٱХŭХ
ΪϵþĪʩչġˮСҲɢҿٲܵסӧˣӧҲҳ죬ϴɱΪĵ磬
ӧֻǿţЦţųǴ
ʹ֮Уе֥ɺ棬˾ӣѪҺȱʧڼСӧæ˹ȥ
ѪϣӭȻӰصԿڵ
ϲȥһѪȵѪ죬죬ҪѪҪҵ棬ҵ棬ҡ
ֻ˵ĵ£ϱѪӣֲѷ죬׹գҺѪס
ѪҲشϵ磬ϣȻ󲿷ѾڳϣʣµҲǺƥʮɳӣѾʮɳ
Ʋͣը׹ǧģͬʱ죬Ѿ˺ң磬Ѿڿգûڵδܣδ֮УԽԽԽԽ֣ɫâԽԽۣ˺ܶһ
ϣ̧ͷѪȻɻʢ۾ȫǷ졪Ҫ𡪡ңҡ㡪桪죡
ף磬ɣҪң䲻ңӾǣ
˫÷⣬ȼյѪ죬зתԪڤٴ߷޲ųϵӣ˫һˮͻ֣˲춷һһС
ˣûֻ꣬ٴδȣر꣬Ӿۣ
ЦˮۣˮܾۣԲ֪ĵزȻӧΪ֥ɺգûзЦϡ
ӧ˵꣬𾪵ؿԭ䵽صˮȻȫϻ۶ȥ⡭ȫǰĺӧƷϣϴϺںˮĳ
֪ôģӧ˲֮С
ˮȫ۵ˮڵԪȫɻԪӦУ
ˮУƳ죡
ž
磬Юźصˮ֮ϣ
ʱˮֹͣתҲһ˲
һ˲֮ˮȻɢڳϣһΣûǰһܵѪϣ
شԵеŷ£ȻЩڣõ֮ڵУٷתʹЩɢڳӸ磬ȫ˵
ʱͱˣҲֹͣ
һɻϢڳ档
ϻؾǷ·ɣ֣ѵ󣬺ݺһȭԼĵλã
飡
һ죬Ѫ
ӧպÿٶ۾һη֣ӡ
ȴһȭȥҧгݵ˵ӲҪľҪʹ
ȭȭھȭ
ԽԽ죬ʮȭУҵٴתȥȪˮȵȣȫڷ
Ӵ㣡
ҧһѪ˵ϾЦݣѾŢĹβͲݣȴȻӭչɧҡţҡţ
ӣʮķӡӧһ⣬ûп˷ħȫȻҪԼ
۵ĵ磬Ц죬㼱Ҫң£ʲô
ɣøЩɣ
žž
£ŵߵڰ˵ھŵ


540 磬һ
ϵ֮ڣڷھҵѪƴ
罫ѣָֽϡ
ѣϣٻѣϡ
ѭһޱȲҵս
ڻδ
ҵˣ
֮ϵ磬Ѿ֯˵ֲѹһƬ֮УǿҶֺһеѹ׼Ķ󣬾ֱĳϣ
ȷϺܷ񣬵ǣеĳϣûʧȥ侲һϣжʩչͻᱻˡ
ԣҪǹٵڡ
ȡؽϧѲ˲ؽѹʮֻѹҲ̣Ϊ֮У黹·硣
ؽշڿգͱ£ؽͬʱնһСڡϧ磬һ˲䶼ͣ£ֱڡȫ
ţ֮ؽϣʶؽûӣţ̫Ϭͣжһϸߵ͵ؽȻѷ죻ۿҪ٣ؽһƷһնȥնһɲǣؽķѿ
ͬʱһʹǹؽ֮ϵ˺ѡ

Ͽؽ˵ǳҪ˵һ·ɳŴξΣ֮Уûаؽһѽǽ䵱ֵܣУؽζƵģؽ֤ǵ
ɴ˿̣ҲоؽĴڣҲ˵ؽˡ
ؽ֮ͣһϢ
֮һϢʱ䣬óϴӴָȡ˺ڵڵûȫָȴǺȻϣڵҪڵֱɷ顣
Ȼڵȴû飬ֻɫˣͺһñҶдеȴûؿήҲǧ֮һϢ䣬ڵ˵ϣûɣûʹâеģֻ޾
Ѫڵؽһֵܣڵһ֪ʲôǿҪǾʹȥϽĶħҲħ
ʹɳϵٶҲûнǧ֮һϢʱװ˷ѣ֪Ҫؽúڵ;ˣһжˣ
ǧ֮һϢ䣬ϾͽԪͬʱһתŻ֣ԪڤټʹȦ֮ϣһһһ㣬˸ʵʵ
Ԫڤ֮ʱֽ챩꣬ͷиټת
ϴԪڤٵٶȺܿ죬˼ֱٱǧ򱶣ǣһ˲֮䣬ȫøɸɾ
ʷȦƣɢ
Ѫ
һȣѪһʮֱ磡
һأ粢ûѪٵѪҲϰſѪڣ̣̽ȥѪ֮лһһ鱬ѿУɢؼ䣬ɼ̳гϡ桱Ѫ硭
Ȼʱסˣɾ֮ϵ磬ûֹͣ½䣡
ô˻ᣬȡָķʲôꪡʲôʲôŽȫһһѪԶǺӧšɾȣԭ㣬ɱ嶫㡣
ӧŲͣȡһĳϣҲǲͣؾ泤ϣнʲô׳ҲɱģС
ӧԽԽľСӣôɱ߽İ׳ϣͬʱӧɱΪŨ
ϲûᣬֻٶȣָзȫѪ£һϰټûӳȥȡǰѵһָĺУѪ쾫ը֣ʲôķҲ˭ģ죬ֻӵĻ
һΪԷһԥһھѪںϣ
ҪһӳȥʱԶִһȣסѭȥȴǵںһ鶫ӧͷɹӧڳɱЩˣڳռķûзӦȥǿ鶫ǿ鶫ɵǰϿ÷Ȼǵ֮ϣģޱȣȴǿޱȵĹž
˴ӿȪ౨顭ץסžΪж¶ģһҪҵһҪţ³һھڹžϣ
֮󣬳ϽԹžΪףԺΪεټȫͬʱ磬ڼӴһǣһ
ϰټ𣬻ʮ𣬸һǳķһǿø񻰣˵ԽеĹžͬʱըǴӴŭһ㣬񱩵죬ɢǲơ
нµ磬ȻҲС˲١
ҲЩҡ
۱ǣеķУȫɻңƮڵأֻǹžϳأڵأ˭ûע⵽ϣЩƮ֮ȫؽѳɿ֮
ӳ˷ĳϣûͣǽЩɻԪʯƷԪʯóһһ챩꣬Ԫ۳һˮУһ
ӧĿ࣬ôԪʯԪٶȣֱһξ൱̷һ׵ıԪˡҪ縲ϣӧѾûԳ͵ϮˣˣķӣҪȫɳһԣǾһڵجΣ
УȻңʮ㣬ѪѾûˣиŵģֻۣ֮ԭ֮ɵĴڡ
ȻҲûע⵽Ѫɢڵۼ
Ѫʧľڣӧȥ·Ȼۣ֮Ǿһ٣ܹ׺ĴڣЩ粢ܽһ顭
ԣĵط֮ڣÿһΣϾ͸оԼ־ȣܵʹ尾͸ǿһ֡
ѾԪʯȡԱ׵𺣵ײ꺮ĳϣȻ֪ɵĶʲôľѪġ桱⣡
֮ڣΪԪӿ룬رЩǽ鼱֮гϴһöװкĴָ֪̺Եĺǳ
ԣĹƣڵõ֮ԽԽǿЩ磬ڷĹ֮£Ѿϸ˿ˣǵ֮ϣѾ˿˿磬Ȼɡ
⣬ܣ
һκŻʱٲԥնֱӽץ̽˶桱һɢۣ֮ҲȫɢûĴҷɣǸ˳ϡ
ͷ۸ڼ֮۸ڵ֮
ͬʱڳϣס
˵Ҫ㣬ͻͻὫŵ˵ţ˫ֽ֣ɣ
ʱ֮۵ﻤ̫ܵ󣬵ǵڣ㷢ˣֱϵЩѷ죬屶ֹ
޾ʹţȴҧţشš
ʱһʱʱ
ʱȥ֮ϣƲȫʧû罵䣬Ҳɢȥ¶ʵգԼյӰӡ
֮ѾǱ鲼磬Щ磬ȫڽ˵뵤Ϊһ壻֮ɽ磬ֱ磬ͷһӵϣĽǣжʹ٣
ЦˣһѪһʹһǱЦˡ
ȻвӣֺԴ˿̵ĳ˵ʹ࣬һܣȻҲʹܣϾ壬ûȫꡣ
Ϊ֮Զˡ
ֹЩʱ䣬˫һʣ磬ȫɽڣ
أϲûнȫ֮ڣӣһһһ飬һ˱֮ѷ첻󣬳϶Ҳоʹӿȫÿһ䡣
Ѫ⣬һ
ǣҲ飬ۣ
Ƥ⣬̺䣬Ƥϣ
һ̣ϵ壬ַ·ս֫岻סؾҳ鴤ӧȥΪϿҪˣд󶨣ɺӧ֪ųϵѪÿһα飬Ѫ̺֮ʣѾڵһʱ䱻
Ѫܣ
ۿҪѭԪ磬ȻߺһһνѪ⣬ĽǸˣ켴ѪۿɼٶֹѪѪ⡢Ƥ
Щɵۣӣжǿ
һ䣬ʶ֮ڵĵ飬ں֮ĵԽԽǿˣǸͷԪ˵ͷһӿ֣ǿޱȣֱǿܵģһܵģ
ǣ񻹲һ㣬һʲôأϿ˼ڤһҪԪ˵⣬ֻ۳ԪˣԪͨߵøԶһʲôأ
Զųһɣһƣɢӧڷ˲Ծ˳ûбҪ֡
ȴһȣˡ
켴תӣ󤣬Ц˵꣡


541 ɱʣ
ˣ꣡
һȣֱղž֮ϵֻ֮УŵȫǾϲ
Ȼû
׼϶ֵĺӧɫܲȻ˵˭һ˱ôʱ䣬ȴԻúúõģֻﶼһֲʵľ֮аɣӧҲ⣬ǰĳϣȵûɱ㣬ǾϷȡԴ
춼УУ
Ц˵ᶨӣӧһǺȴǼ콣ȣСӣΪãӹһ٣ܹΪΪ
ҲһʵȻʵΪΪɱ㣬Ѿȫû⣡
ɣ
ӧһǱ콣ǹŨԶ֮ɢӧԹ裬ֱɽǹľԪ񣬽ڽɱɱӧһһϣÿһɽѹȶľԪǿʮ֣ǼʽֱҪԪѹƣóĲһȥ
Ȼϲûˣ֮ǰĲᶨǰҲԽԽʢ
ӧɫһƬһУЩ߽ܲˣֱӱƣѹ˿㾹Ȼǰ
⻰ϲЦˣЦԪܶƬ̣κΣƫƫľԪ
ʲô˼
ûᣬ˵ţľԪҲͰˣƫƫҪңⲻʲô
һ
ɣ
䣡
ӧ£콣ֱָǰһԼɼӴɫԪڳͷ裬һһĳϺѹ֮ϵʯҲУǿ񱩵Ҳ棬һ֣з֮žž䡣
ôһ𣿡
Ϸʵ˵ʵڻӧ⡰䡱ĺܴ󣬿ԶĹս˵ıˣֻƣʵʵڳ׺ȶԣÿɾͲֹһ㡣
Ȼ˲֪Ϸͳȫ㣻ľ
һ£ΧѾһҲҲ̶õսϣƳľɭ֣ľһֵذ裬ֻһĺƵľԪľӿ˷ѹȶ͵ľԪͷǸУңӦ
𣿡
ӧɫһݣشϵĻֻ趯콣ľų콣趯һָд
켴ľɭּҡҷľԪ˲ǿ˰ٱֹ˫ۡȥϲֱܲӧһϲ콣ԲľԪ磬հ㽫ϲ
ͷǸɫУҲ̵ĹâǿľԪغХ
䣡
ӧֺȳһ֣ǸɫУ͵һڳͷǰľԪһһڵĲƣϢʧľɭҲʧϸǱڼС
룬Ĵڣɺӧļ룬ȴɱһļ롣
𣿡
ɫûһӧɫ΢䣬ȴ˵ľԪԪϷ
˿ֻ֥ɺ汻Կ³˲٣ɾȻֹۡ
ԪЦ
ЦʮתӴϽˮϵ֮ڣڵԪڤӡ
Ԫڤӣǳܹ֮´ĸ֤յ⾫仯ҲܳϿƣһĺɫԪڤ˳ڼϣ
ӧʮ㣬ɽһӣɫ룬ͰԽԽѾԼɼϵӰӧ󺧣룬콣趯һɫâ̼ϡ
ϧۺӧôƴ̷˵ҩɫâҪάǶ룬̼Էɿٶȣɢʧ
ľԪ㡪ӧ
ǵģϧ֪̫ˡ
˵꣬ʮϢ̼֮ȫʧԪڤҲΪع鵽Ȼϼӧȥ
㡪
ӧ𾪵ò֪˵ʲôźá
սӦýˡ
˵꣬ϵȭֱӧӧ䣬߽ʣʹǰ䣬һδ棿ӧֳ콣Ծն£ֱնֱۡ
ľԪϷҲҪ
ӭų콣ȥȭצɲǼץס콣
ﭡ
Ľײ֮ӧɫǰĺѹǻҪڣĳ콣ľľȴ򵥣һԶžľ֦ˣ־һõʦִ죬ӲȻ˵Ƿȣ࣬նƷֱն飬ҲǺӧΪʲôҪϣҪսԭ֮һ
ǣȴѪ֮ƾͽĳľץסˣƲûбնϣûбն飬Ǻúõģһ˺ҲûС
ӣ򵥡
ﰵһ䣬תʮ콣̺ϢԪڤٻѸٽӧΧ
ӧòپо콣ڼоڵԪڼ٣ƺȫԪڤȥӧȴǾϹȥ
ոչѾڰ׵ӧԺʹžһʱҵʹﴫȫ
ôܣӧʼˣղʱ򣬸оƺһֱ÷飡
˾֮£ӧ֪ˣģ˱ȥް취ֻ۾Ǻ֮ɫͻ˫ֱץסϼ򣬡Ϸ򡭡
ҲȥġϴĻ̽ĵȡǿɫģʤԪһԪˣ˵ԼŰɣܿ죬ͬʦֵܾͻ㡭
˵꣬һӺӧϻǻĿ۾ԴڿգһǰҵЩսߵͷ­һǶѡ
ţӧͷ­Ƕѵ棬ޱȣֲޱȣ
³콣ȡ´ָٻ֥ɺ棬֥ɺ棬һԶںӧʬ֮ϣѪڱѣƺڵ˵
׳ꡣ
һХֱײϣɢһɻı׳Ϣ˲ɣһץֱץס󤲱ӣβͰϡ
һתԪɵ
켴һһ˵顪꣡
һһӰڿУȡӣƬƬѿ
ϣſ죬һ꣡


542 굤飬
Ϻԥһ꣬תУ֮Уʹ뵤ںϣ
겢Ԫڤǰ㣬ֱںϵ棬ڵ﷭Ƹ꣡
һƲл꣬ҷ
֮󣬲ŷ֣꣬ģֻǲȱһ֣ж֮һңϴһͷųȪˮ棬ˮ𹥻꣬ƴֻԽԽ
ž
ͷ磬һֱ֮ϣʱҲҶɻ٣ˮΣ
ˣɳϲûʹ꣬õͷųһһ磬꣬ڽʶҲڴ꣬øΪ
󤻹аأںηţʮɽϵѪЩǵصޣ˵ֻһͷӶˣҪ֪꣬
ϰ룬оڴϣڻ꣬ܲܳΪԪˣԪͬãڴһˣ
ʱС˲٣Ĵ֮£ȴһ
ʼɡ
ϥ˶񣬽塢־ȵȣڵ״̬ʼںϡ
ʱ󣬵꣬ǿںһ𣬿ȴò룬ȫȻֺ϶ΪһĸоͺˮȻܽӴһ𣬵ȴμƺĳֽ߹ͨںϵĶ
ʲô
ϴ߶ԪУ
ȻУ
ţʮֺõ޸ӡֵˮ÷ǳأȴûЧûгΪںϵ
ʲô
Ͻʾ֭ţ뵽ѪγʱĻ棬ǾѪ⣬ҲҪѪ⣿ϲ֪µ񣬱Ҳֻһˡ
ۣѪһһ͵֮ڣֱӽѪɣڵƣӣʮӣʱ
Ǻ޶
Բ𣿡üͷ켴ԪӧԪˣɲϣûԪˣԪ๵ͨҲܷ죬ֻҪԪ㹻س㣬㵽ȫҪؼṩԪҾԪУնʣȻɱҪסңܣԲܣҪ죬
ڳϵһź֮УΧڵ⣬ͻ˽ȥϻһݣо죬ںϡ
žŰʮһϢ֮󣬵ת
ؼԪӿ룬ԪľˮȫӿһƬؼ䣬γһУڶһ㣬ֻڶ֮ɫϾںڶ룬ӿԪ
ԽԽĿռ䣬ںڶ֮£֮ԪɭľԪˮԪԪԪ
һƵ꣬Ƶϰ᲻ľƵ꣬û룬ھҵ𶯽ӽվ׼ȥʰǲдľ룬ҪʱȴǴƣͻðһ֮󣬾տҲôˣûƵϰ˼ףǾֱ˿ţƵڷŵЩ̳ȫðȻžһѿ
һĻֻھƵǷڶǵÿһѣʧȵȣ붫ǲԶɽɽ䲻ȴܿɽ֮㣬һ֮Ǿɽ˵ĸо˾ήҵĸоɽľҲһ޾ģ
ڽӶط
ǹսˣҲоԼԪʧʹǰٰѹƣԪֹסëйÿ˵Ǿֲ
ӵԪҲɵûаѹƣſԪӿſӣŨ԰֮ɫ
֮㣬֮ЩɢȥƣҲǿ£˵أƫƫôһߣ͸ƣڶ塭
һȻǰľģ΢΢һ֮䣬꣬ǵһˣ
ȫȫĿǰ
ʱ֮ʧսǣȴûкһ㣬һѹԽԽʢѹֽ֣ѹ֣ǺӧǹѹϢǺϤϢ
ֻϢΪʲôܲǿѹ
˿֪
óֲ۾ϣֻԭϥڵصĳϣ˿ϥȴԶڿգھ֮ϡ
Ԫˣ⶯Ҳֵ̫һ˰ɡʧҲ˵һЩ߳Ϊʱ򣬿ܻδн䶯
Ԫͨĸо𣿡
ϸоԼһ㣬ԪˮˮгΣң㣬е٣١
ƬؼԪƺѾƶˣȲڵԪ㡣ҲԪƶĪϵ
ϲ֮󣬳ϸĸǿ϶Ϊһĵ飬ɢŵ֮ˮ֮ʢУһ˿˿ԶϢӦǴǳ콣á
֮⣬ŨŨ⣡
ܵһУϲ̧ͷ죬ţ죬ԭҲһӲûԪˣҸ㣻ԪˣҸὫó׵ף
һۣ꣬۵һ˲䣬УХһһӰڳ켴֮У
һۣϿ˵ӣ˼ǧǵӣܻ䣬ӿ϶Ŭڲ԰һЦһߵȥ
һֱǧף˲䱼ߡ
Ǻӱ㵹˳ϻ
֣ԪƺƵڣתʮӺ󣬵ȫָϸϽſ֣䶯֪˵Щʲô֮˵־һ
΢΢ЩʧĵӣЦ˵ҵĸҪȡرġ
һᾡȫȥѰ
Ȼֻһر
ӣ˵
ҪӦ
ãϺˣûаѡ
Цһû뵽뵽ˣٸɡ
á
˵꣬ӵͷǰȥǰ÷ĹžûлɻңֻˣҲǰȥ
Ӽŵ϶ϳĹžϽڵ봢ָ֮УŽؽƬһһŽָţؽҶ
кڵһָģһġ
֮󣬳ӣ˵ӣžܸ𣿡
㣿
һʣȳ˵ʲôͽžڳУ˵һὫԭġ
ҵš
ŷʧؼָƽϦ֣ЩսǣҲѹӵվ𣬵ӱһߣĵǸˡ
˿̣֮ţˣ֮ǰܸϵǣ֪ӧôˣһ̤շжСӣܷ첻ɣ


543 ֶһŵƣ
бգѪѪˣ
ɻңٲһ˿ټϾڳ֮Ѫ
ûнӧǿԪһʱܻЩִ٣֪һǿսʲôʱڹؼʱ̣Щ˵ͽ֮أߣ߾ȵƻӣһԪˣȻǸ߽ʵԪˣȴҲпܲԴͨһ
ԣϵԼ״̬ǿŵ飬ţѾаٱ䣬Ǿɢ۵ΪϢˡ
ȻҲֻǡһһ佫
˵˵ţϲûнΪǱʵĳϢ
ƽ˾֮Щεڵصˣ½˹ӴĵǸˣҲתһ̧ͷ㿴վǰŮĶģһ飬ϽĴȥȻͿӭĳϣűѰĴȴûзһʵĴڡ
Ѱʱ򣬵ӿˣ˳ˡ
ҡҡ
Ըߣ䣬ͷ
˾ֲתɱȣҪƴӣϧһԪŷ֣ԪտҲȻţûܳ岽һϬâһѪֱ졭
ƮѪҫ֮£ǴĿ
Զڲӳ֮£ͬѪĲɽ鲻ԽسƬб֮УԼںη뵽ǰ˼һ⣺Ϊʲôв֣䣬²ʲôֹɵĳ֣ؼ䣬Ǳĳһֹ𣿡
״̬ϵ֪۳һѽƬҪǵ㣻ն֮ʱҲ÷ֺ
ǣĹâȴǰѿŵ֮ԡУϵ֮ûԡն
ɲâǱ綴ܼĴڣɳϵ֮նâڣ·һһҲûʧأ֮ͣţ𣿡
ս֮ĳϴһ֮Уǲһһȥоźҹ֣ۿϦҪȫ£ȫҹ֮ʱһ̶ը졣
ϵ˼ˣع񣬿ԶһӰֻ֣գۼ䣬͵˳ͷбϿգһɨ
֮䣡
ͬǸ߽ʵĴڣ
㾹Ȼû
֮𾪣֪ȻûǺӧأ
켴֮һɨǶͷ֮ϣߴǿͷ­Ǻӧ˭
㡭
֮ǧ֮ȴֻµóһ֣ϵΣߣǰ󾿾ô¶СӾȻնɱӧ
֮ڸһһ֮ʱһԲֻǲǰ֮֮̽˹ȥ
Ȼ̫֮ǿ˲͸ӦĿһݣһڴ鱨˵Ʋ̤ն֮⣬Ϊֻֻ֮طԽΪúܸߣȻΪߣս൱ǿǽսΪǿƴɱʱò俿
뵽֮еˣȵǷϷǰʹϷһ׳գ
֮һϹȥϢУ˵ƴսѾʼ֮һͷӴޣ˺ҧҪɡ
ֱ֮
Բ
֮һߣȫӣʱɢȥɢӰ٣̹֣֮һץסֱ֮Ҫ֮
ﴫһʹȻûջҲûӿֻǵһͷһת֮ϣʱе绡֡
С
ը죬֮ʱоԾɿջϵ֮׷ɵӳ֮󣬳Ͼ޿κˡ
Ȼ֮ͷѾϡˣջ֮䣬͸ήң긦ţΪ֮ǣδ˵飡
֮˻ˣȴЦˣԺֶһűƣŵƣرãƴս֮УͻȻһɱǷʤֻΧ̫СˣףҵȥʲôǿΧĹУ磬Щ磬ҲʩţҲһ⣬ҵٴǿǡ
ţϽȭѹһһһһֱѹʮ϶ûʹ֮УҪҲ٣ҵ壬ǵʲô̶ȣ
һʱ䣬Ҳò𰸣ȴ˵ܵʲô̶ȣֻҪǿ˾Ǻ¶ԽǿԽá˵֮꣬ĿϣЦôһأ
֮䰴лңԼָƽ֣ɱ㣬Ϸһӡ
㲻Сҡҡͷ
Ϸɱһ̤նж㣬練ƣ֮͸ţи߽ʵϣһڵϲַ
ǰԳϷˡ
˵ţͻһΣֱڿգһȭʮֱ֮䡣
֮һ㶣ûϵ˵־Ͷ֣ٶ죬ֱһڣ֮Ժܽս֣ɿ켲ˣͬʱַߣҪ洵
ȴͻؿɹȷǷɣ̤նеķɣǰԾֻڿд˲䣬Ҫȥ֮پٶȴٴοˣﲻɾ㲻ǲ̤նôڡ
Ҳ̤նУ𣿡
ţϷ򡭡֮о裬Ȼ
ܣҲŸҿ
ϴ˵ţǹսˣֱˣǲһڵô׷ɱأ޻֮ҲдˣǶԴΪʲôˡ
֮ŭձȫȴǿԼ侲侲侲Ȼ󣬴
ʱ䣬֮УЮǧâӭȥ
Ͼȭһ䣬ͣǧâɢ
̫ˣܲõģЦţշУ֮֮ʮֲˬ֮ʱʵˣģʲôţ
ۡ
ֱ֮³һѪø߽ʣһ½˭Ҷаֲ
Ǵ˿̣˵ģ
ϷҪ㡭֮仰û˵꣬͸оһҵľϮȴǳϳûɱ
֮˵Ļοơ
ǧ֮һ롣
ײ֮󱳣
䣡


544 ɱĥ¡ն
䣡
֮һֱо·ʮսͬʱһ㣻ʮƥͬʱȫǹ͸ķ͸˲۵ĻԪֱ֣壡
ۡ
Ѫ΢ĹȴǸۣ
˾Ȼܺս֮дٴ·磬ȴûţӿٶȣҪϱһȫķΧ֮ڣͬʱﻹţ˼ɵɸ˼ɵȴǷǣ⼤ŭңٳû֡
֮ûȥִ
һأûз׶ȵȴ֣ȴֱԺ꣬жһǧף˿ȴ˰׶
ԽԽ࣬ϵٶȾԽԽ
Ӻ󣬳Ͽһȴֻпʮˣ֮ȴѾǧ֮⣬ֹͣ˱ӣۿųϣϹâɣһֺա
ֻҪ㿿޷ʩϷὫղܵģ㡣֮ţȴɻ󣬡Ϣд˵̤նУͲ̤նУҵõ鱨֮ǰܣܷڿգǲǾһʱ˱仯
ϸоԼʶ͵ĳˮûƫƫ壬ȴѪڣͺˮǻּ£ԽԽԶ
ȥʲôˮĳϣʮֵף
ҪķַһǾƷϣγĳֹƳ֮ɱ֮ɱֹɱ
ڶַǽɱų⣬벻öԺǾͶľ־ȵȣɲκӰ졣
⣬ķ赲ǿľ赲ߣʺĿǰĳϣ˵ˣȫ£ֻлԪָǸһʷȦȴȫ赲סھ֮ϾǸ߽ʣһЩСϺס
ϵ忪ʼˣ۾ʼѪ˿ϢҲʼأǸѪԺһɺ⿪ʼǣһɱŰϢ鲼ȫڵԪҲЩҲҪ屬
ȻϵӣδаҰ͸ģȫֱս⣡
뾫㲻ϻһУն
ٴϷǰһжѣ
֮䴵ø֮еԪҲǺߺͣѪȫ෴γ˷籩籩ֱϡ
ʱָһӰƮƮѶࡣ
Ӱǵӣ
ɲʱ䣬һϣᵲڳǰҪ֮ϡ
֮һףת˲˵֮飬ͬԣ
һϣϮˮֳһСֱӣʱ³Ѫңٲ֮էʱ
ǵӣȻû飿֮ЩȣֳȥһСȴȫһƷķըˣǵӻǺúõġ
֮ٴηֿһС
ϼѣսȻ죬öдµĵˣȭͷȣ
֮ĳϣ񳱣֮סǧ֮һϢô˻ᣬһ絽ǰһХ𡪡
һֱ㡣
ʱֳ֮һС⼫Х÷飡
֮ɫ䣬һôľ֮У
ûмȥתסӣ˵ӣȥúϢ˲ҵġ
ģ
ȻģһὫ
ã˵ġȻϵѪˣȴ˳ϵĻͷ˵һ仰һأ켴شأһغϣӵɫͲ԰׵ޱȣԺȻѣƣҲǽûʹĥ
֮Уֻʣ³֮䣡
ԼӣѱȴžˣӢۣһǰ߿ˡ֮˳֮˵ţûɢ
ЦˣϼЦˣ˵ɸҹһ㣿˵꣬Ϸһз͵ֿеԺ
֮俴ųϵľٶһ㶣׳ϴ˾Ǻ⣬ȴ˵Ȼһ㣬ϷԸԳ
ϸоԺȾǧҰŭȻ첻ڶһ˲䣬ţÿ£ëëϸ꣬ȴڲ֪Уɱ͸
Ͻ񣬱ԪһзѾ۳һѽɫ
ĥҵġնɣ֮նĬն֮նھɱУ
֮۾ϬնɡնСôӵУѲһɽϣնɵĲ£ҲǴµ֣뵽֮ͻȫˣԭˣؼ𣬻ǽնɳһڵӵ޹ʧ٣һе׶Ϊ죬ϷΪЩԩ꣬壬֮Ѫ
ЦҲ壿ǰһڽѪ죬ǧɢУһΪ˱ֶһ޶ϵλǿѹɣֽնɱΪץһ֮ˣֵñ췭ظԩɱˣ
ϴ˵սˣ߽˼
˵ţгûֹͣһ˲֮䱻˵ʹ֮£Ժը죬Ѫ轣һһ˵˵㡭壬˼ҡ塭֡Ӧ𣿡
һݣϷ˵壬˭˵ǣ
ףȭͷȭͷһֱȥһһȼģȼһɽһɽȼһƬҽ
·ս֮ˣ۾֡
ҵҪ˭ȼ֮·˵ıһһһֱϮ£ʱղЩĿֵˣ㶼ؿһ³Ѫ
ʶ֮ľ棬ľʲôʾȴˡ桱⡣
ϽЦ˵ⲻȼ𣿡
ȼ
𣿡
֮󣬳ڡն֮УˡնԪննľǰնһӦ֮С
羪Σ簶
ɾζңײɱԿȻ
ʱ֮󣬳ϡնСɣһѾٹԺȻСɣҲ˲ٵĴۣʹԲ˵
ǣһУԳ˵ֵõģ
ҰĹŪӬһ˽Ĺ蹷һ𣿡ʩչն似ֱ֮ɱȥ
֮󾪣۾ȴ¶ɫһͣ
ţڡһңǺ̴ֱأ
ҡ


545 ħ糱ˣ
裬ɳ
ȫ£Ǳںڰ֮У˾﷢־֮УҡĴأŭ֨֨ħ˻
֪СϷΪܾôһ֣֮԰˵׼Űɣ
һ£̺ĳֱֺƮǧɵķΧ֮ڡ
ӣҵĽŲ
һۿȥȴǺҹ֮УԼ¶ħ޵ӰХħĹâǣжߡ׺ܡŭϬ֮࣬ЩħƷײ׵ģ͵ĸֻһװףʲôҰáݼֻ֮ࣻҪħޡҰޣȫⶫǱ
ǹսˣʼؾˣôҲ뵽뿴֣ȴɱ֮ӣƴܣɴ󲿷˵ٶȣôܺЩѪѱʨ֮ȣ
׷ϵߣǱҧ˺ѣǸȳһ̲ڽࡣ
һֽΪߣһʱ˿УΪ㰲ȫˣɻûеǵʯͷ£ɫҹ֮Уƿ
ѭһʱɫѪɫ
ԭ֮УҲħϮп־ľǿﴫ찡ǽ׾޷䣬д߲Ϣ䣬Ȼɥ
з춾ã涾ޱȣ
Ѫ𣡡
ͺӥ

һһŵ˳УҲ֮ĸַħްռҷĹ˲вҽ
ͬʱмһԪǡؾģϽһͷͬʱ˵ţϲգвգ֮£ܸñ˰ɡ
Ȼ⻰䣬һŷľ޳ݾͽҧϣ۵һ˲䣬⡪ݡ󣡡
ڴģо󣬻Ƽʳ⬵ȵһЩͷϴħޣȻҲʲô񷭵ǻĳСһ㶼ǿ˵ûйǷǻȵʵ̫࣬ǼֻǰΧǶá
ħǵأաءصȫռݣٲħ磬Щħ޺ƱеսӣѪսޱȣСޱȵӣҲҧš
ң֮ڴħȻԴԴϵظ
ħ޺ֹֻ
ССֱʮֹֻ
֮俴ɽҰħޣоһж֮УϿȥȴűȺްΧĳϣһ壬ǴЦţ˵ԭ㲻ģˣİ
һҿ㻹ܲЦó
һѪ𡢸ͺӥ춾õȵȣһԶϹȥ֮ΪȻ˵ţ㲻ڼΪ֮ʿǺü飬ĿǱħ޳Եν壿
ǶˣȻǸġ
֮£˴ģһʲô˲ƾʲôɱ¾ǣ
ȥģˣȫҶˣ
һڣȥһڣܹˣӷ㡭

ЩƽʱһѹȵòаԵˣΣ֮ʣﻹô࣬һƿڴҿʼɱħޣ
еһΪԶΪţ˶ѡ
֮ЩȻǴŭѣңǧħ޹ƸͣҪѪȾжѪȣϴ޴ųֻ֥߰ɺ棬֥ɺɱ˳ȥЩΧϵĸͺӥ׾޷ȵȣ׷ȥȥÿһֻ͸ʬࡣ
ǱߣʮͷӥôѪΧɱʮΣۿһֻѪҪҧڵѩ۵첱ϣʮֻ֥ɺɱ
ЩҪѪħޣ֥ɺѪ
ΣսһŽһĶʮֻ֥ɺ棬ٿǸͦεӰӿů
ʱ϶֮˵ˣģʺȫңʲô밡

һ֮һͣ󣻵֮ȴûȥ۾ֱЩ֥ɺ棬ɻ󣬡ЩֳӣͣûһֻħסǣǣôӰ죿
ˣģҪ㣬ʲô룿
ȫɱ˭ҷ֮ȻԵޱȣȴкЩ֥ɺȥ֮ž⣬ҪܽЩֳһշΪãǷƣ϶СĿ
Ͽ֮뷨ЦҵЩСӣùȥɣ
ܲ
Ҳôã벻Ҫ
Ƕҵġ
װƣǿɲĺϱӵһ䣬ȻС˵СȥǸļˣһƣ
С
С˻ţʣµ֥ɺ棬ֱ֮䣬֮佫紺ŭˮд֥ɺ滹ĳ֮ɫ֮ϲҪӾһ̶С
켴Щ֥ɺ棬ָ̬ɱڳ֮ţæָʹȺǰ
ǣЩܵסϽ֥ɺأ

֥ɺֱӲ˹֮һߣԪƣҪ֥ɺɱ֥ɺһϣԪˡ
֮ɫһ䣬ҪжȴɶⲻͳϽս֮䣬һ׹䵽ǧħȺ롣
ˣģʲôܰ
֮뽫ϵӶţǻǳЦȴƫƫôسŭ֮£֮ǴֻѣϷħޣɱҲҪ
ӭϣħǰ˵ţȴֻ֥ɺȻд棬һųǽǺεȵ磬ֻϧһɽһС
ϵ˼ˣΪ洫˺ǰȾǣĴ£û
ħǰСԸΪЧΨհ
Ⱦǰɡ
Щֻǹսȴ֮ŭеǣ֪ʱܹǵĳǿò񻰵֮⣬˻ܾǣ
Ϊ˻ʲô˵˳λµȵȣǡǰĳƺǽе죬ҲԽԽͳһˣ
ɨһۣ˵ʵڻЩˣտʼǵĿģһսģֻһһͷ­ɱˣɱòǰˡ
ֱӧ߽ʣҲնɱҲս֮ҿϣȫǿ־徴ηǸ嵶ӧͷ­֮ʱһ뷨Ҫ֪նɱʣһȥս𣿡
ǰ
һЦʵҿһԵģ뽫һɽΪƽصģǣ𣿸Ҹ𣿡


546 һѻ𣬶ʩ
ǸҸ𣿡
˵棬ЦȻʧеֻǣһȻһ£
ҲǳϵһΣ󡢺η˵ҪһڣҪһڵĻ
ȻʵȻ㹻ǿ
ǣȴѾ㹻һڵģ
Щ⻰ǣһ룬켴ңΪʲôңһҪأӻҵĻʲôˣ
˭ҪҵҾҪǸۣ
ǰҸҸǽһճɻҽǽһɽΪƽأҶ׷棡
ԸⷢħѪģǰǴ
ҲħѪģ
Ҳ

һʱ䣬ֺ׳־سĺһƬħŰؼ䡣
ЩǱƲѣЩֻǰû뵽Ժ󣻻ЩҪƣһƬء
뷨ڣǶΨ֮Ǵӣ
ЦˣǰЩˣǵĺ⣬ǵѪԣǵķһѻһѿ׳Ļ𣻿ԤԺһڵҵݱĿչϯ
ãȻǲǾҺ
ǰԸ
һŽᣡѵģһѣȱ˾൱ھԼеˣȫеһ𣬼еҵ·ΧһԲ󣡡
ϻո£Щж·ȥҳ˹֮УĻﻥһʨһͻϮۿҪɵߣһߣͷųˮĻŻϨͬʱұһߣһŽĽնʨ
ȻЩŽһ𣬵ħʵ̫̫вħ֮ڣϵȻڶһˣͶһַһڵٳɶ࣬ջᵽˮʯ֮ġ
Ǻٻ֥ɺ棬ǽЩΣߣ
ʱ֮Уһ⻮ҹգ´
һˣ٣ȴٳŭϬ˺ҧߣ۾ȴ٣һ˲䣬ĲҽһȴӴĳŭϬϣʮֻкüɫĳӣʲôͷҪĳŭϬѾأѪˣߣһͷŭϬħޣƤ൱ǿӲƷķҲܶʲôʵԵ˺ƽʱôҲҪһܶԸĳŭϬȴڷ֮ȥЩֳַһĿ꣬ŸϽع·жȥ
Ļ棬ڸȻҲ˽֮ˣֻԼġ
ȻȻ֥ɺ⺷һɻˣΪ֥ɺ̫ˣֻ߰
ʮ֮Ǽһ𣬵Ҳڳߣеȴֻһ˶㣡
ԭ֮ڣڶǼеߣѴ֮࣬ô̵ʱħ޶ȥһ
֥ɺ潫һߣΧʱõһ˿Ϣǣȥʬ壬ŭѣȻڴ֮ǰʶɲͬ飡
֮ɫԽԽ䲻ħ޴߳嵽ǰ棬ǣһͷһͷصЩֳӵļ֮£Щֳӣʲô
Ѿߣ֮˵ΪҪܵס𣿿Ц
£վλõĴأȻе淭ʣ֮ŵص׵ħޣ˽
صףصħҪ׼ã
ҪţҪţ׼ɱУǾ
һƬУ˴ţ϶ۿȥǰս嵶ǰǵ˿ڣȻĿģϵ𣺡ڿʼˣָӣ
һȦ嵶ϡ
嵶Щ֪룬ֻһ߽ѣڳߵУнεºЩָӣ
嵶ô룬ЩߣرǱ嵶Ϊߵģţһ߽ѣƾʲôҪָӣȻ֮ǰҲΪȴܹնɱʵԣǻΨ֮ǴӣȴЩ嵶ָӡ
嵶˵㲻ҪǿҲǱǿһַʽҲҪսΪξͲָһأ˵һųǰһУװģѣ
嵶һ˫âȭͷ߬ǰδеĽһɺɢþصҸң
ãڿʼ嵶ҵ˭ӣ뿪˵һɰѹɨѹֱϢľս
õȨ嵶õɢһ飬ΧһȦߣȫʵأߣ׼ɱС嵶һһش˳ľˮУȫ׵š
󲿷Ϊ˻ȻвԸȴУһСߣܲаɺϵǣЩˣǰԹԼΣˣʱҲ뱣ʵɡ
ϧǵ̣ˡ
ͷųԪڤ٣ͬʱЩˣȫӵ֥ɺķȦ֮⣬ӵһȺ׼ħȺ֮У
ʱҽ𣬽˹ײģˣţһȥһȥȻˣֻһΣܿ죬ǵĺǵӣħ˺ҧ̸ˡ
ɱӺ֮£Ȧˣܿʵ
ʱر˺ѣһȺħ޴ӵصߣͬʱ嵶һȣɱ
ɱ
Ⱥȣââ䣬ɫâҫ
ϲ棬ʵӿ۵ص׵ħޣܹǽֻ࣬Ҫһȭ͹ˣǣһЩûоѪʹϴǣܸжж٣պʵŵԵж٣
˵ÿһ˻ţͶһǰȴЩ˸һڵѪѹ£ҲܷңѪսˣǾӢǿߡ
ϻ֣ȴҪڴý֮ʱ֣һߣ
ʩǷ
˵ĻˣֶΣЩߺγֲóȻأ
ǳϵֵܣ˾ͽ·һ״
ϲͷԵһЦ˵㿴ˣȥͷ

Ͻڿգħ֮䣬ٴ۳ɫšն似ڡն似ԽԽ֮ʱðһͷնԪնԪɱնΪβնɱأɱ
һ𣬳ϱ㸶ʵж
һƬѪ꣬ϰΧȫǳϳն֮Ѫ
ħȺԼһ԰ɱһֻһֻħ޵ĳϣ֮âֱſ޴ʱһͷһɣɣϬţѪۼףβڸֱޣ߳޿һһУŨŨ³עͷֻϷм䣬һ͹ĺɫڣԶԶȥһһѵĺߣѪӣ
ѵغ


547 ѵغ
֮֮
ѵغûкУͺûֱһɢվ֮ѿѵغǱ£ǵֺһ϶ҲûУƺѵغûгֹһ
Գڡնɱ似Уˣ֮ì֮һ
Ϊͳնɱ·ģȻǧħޣħȺߣÿһѪо޺꽻ȵȲڶһš
ʱ֮࿴ţŵʱ
䣬һƺ̴ӳϽð
üëһݣгֱ̽´أȻʱȴѿˣֻ޴צǯƵģץס˳ֻţһץסһ˲䣬㽫ϡ
ͬʱ͵ޣҲȫȥħӻδѾҹһ𣬻â
һʱ䣬ϾƾΣ֮ơ
ɳȴҲһĻɫֻǹճȻһЦһӣһ뵶â㵹ȥ
ңһʢ֮ɫǵϬ˲ʮٱ
ɲǣЩ޲ǱճһңǱǵâնһ顭
ͬһ˲䣬뽫صµѵغƴȴδܽȥԺúվǱѿĴϣ
ƾ
˵꣬۵ĳʧ˫ץסѵغצǳª׹ԴٺһЦ
ӳ
⻰ϵ˫֮Уһһңӿʮ
ꡱѵغֻצϴޱȵĲҺ֮ҺӲһ֮ʱֱӣɴСǧѵغӵصװ˳˿С
ţɿһֻ֣ѵغڿת˺üȦ
󣬺ݺڵϣ
飡
ҡ
ѵغҳһ׵ĿӣȻѵغһֲˡ
ӣ
Цҽž̧£
ʱرˮһ˲ƣ£߸ߵ͵ͣѣ
ǹɾֱУ׷ѵغߵĺ档
ص״ѵغߵĳƺ
֮ɫܲƣȻܵǹɾĿ£ȴûԳϾȻһ֮ѵغ߸ú޻֮
ѵغ֮仿ħޣǴϴѾǾŽħޣµͷ֮⣬ѵغҲһС
ȴϣϳϣø˽֣
ˣ֮Ҳûʹ˷Ķӣ¶֮Цչʾܴ𣿸ᣡһ֮£ֻٱ䣬ѵغȻӴǹӰΣ棬ըȺ֮УըһƬ
ѵغȴǱһŨŨĺΧϣֱֳץסѵغֻǣҪ˺ѡ
ʱ֮³һ֣ɣ
ѵغϣǺ֮УʱϸСĳӣһ㣬һѷ䳯ȥֻһ䣬Сĳӣ˵˳ϣأѵغϣгڷɳ
Щӣһųϵ壬Ҫ꣬ѪҺꡣ
ȻǷӿ֮ʱϱԪһתëףԣЩ˰֮ȴôҲ겻ȥ
֮ƺû뵽ֽ֣ѵغͷмѪ߰Ĵڣͻһʧˣͺԭûдڹ
۾һ̽鵽ǿʧʧ֮ƾȴ̽飬ûа㷢֣ͺǰܵģǴ
ȷʵжֻˣһúܳף
ֻһ˲䣬ͻָǵģǧ仯ֶΣĿģ׼𣿡ôһ룬ȫһ𣬽ЩӸһأ켴ӱɫĻΧ˫֣Ȼûзſѵغ
һȣѵغֻǣ۶
ѵغʹֱڵϴ
֮üͷԽԽ
ðбС̡Ǹεɱ֣ȴǲ׺׵ķգյ¶ԭΡ
ԭεɱ֣ȻѾ˳ϵıǼ䣡
ֶӣȴһָץһš
һǺеֻĲǺӣǾһĴڣϿЩ⣬ȻǿȴǲĹʽ
۾һתֽһֻ׺ץ˹ǸһĴ̼⣬̽׺Դ
һϢʱ䣬ֻ׺ͷ˰ۣϽ׺Դǿһ
ʱϵһ
׺Դ棬һԽȫøɸɾ
˲̺ݶĹʽüǷʤǳĴΪǿǿ϶עⲻ֮Уôһʧ
һɱ֣Ǵıǿ׽
óѣʲô
ϻҲ켴ԼСģһҪСģȫֶ֮УҲҪԷ﷭˴һֻһĶŽ޴С
ɱ֣ĳ̶ֳ˵Ǳ֥ɺĴڣΪʤΪԽѪø죡
ȻһһԺﲻظôһ仰ϾƺĳȴûȥᣬΪֿǰһȺĳӣҹĻתܿƵԱߵħ޹ȥ
˲ʹħ޵ͿЩޣѪ𣬲ҺѣֻӣЩ޵Ѫܣͱѿضˡ
۾ٴһѵغϣôôЩ֮
ɻأȴǾֱһȭѵغȥû˽ǵѵغȴһɺֱϣϺᣬһȭ£
飡
һȭͷѪѵغϣЩӲĺףֱӱҳƬ
ϳȭͷѵغϣȭͷѪΪģը
ЩҲ֮ɢ
֮۾˾֣Գϵ᣻ЩѵغϵıѪ棬ԱѪΪħ޵Ϊ񣻻źҲһĺ
Щͨͨá
̶ʱ䲻СӾȻɳ˿ֲ磡֮ţɱϵķ
Զ嵶ѾˣԼص׵ޣɱʬҰǣһߣǧ嵶ߣڿУ֮ϵˣΣħȺɱ
ѵغĳϣֱ֮ȥˣ֮Ѫ֮ɫﴫһɱǧħޣٹߣȫΧ
ϵĸͺӥڳϿգص׵Ҳȫ۽ڳϽ£ϵģ͸ǽΧһȦ˱׳սϾһսսһÿͷħޣҵ˼㣬һɱʵĻϢ
֮ĿУһ֣


548 Ѫɱնɱ
ִ֮
ǧħޣϵģϵģǵص׵ġ
֮ͬʱը
ͬԱһ㡣
Ӵܶʱ죬˵أ
Ҳըҡ
ɽ
Űƥȫըһһ㣬Ǿͳϣ
һ𣬳ϴڵΣĵطһ㣬һȦһȦӿְΧ
ѪȾ͸һƬأ
ЩѪûоʹأǸڿУڵصױըħޣЩѪҺҲӵｦɳеѪȫܣӿϡ
Ϣ֮УʹŨ
ǳһǿǿץӧĳ콣Ǻʧǧħ޵ͬʱըֱ൱߰ʮнıըóӲдڵѪӿȥ
ɡ湻ݣ
Ŀ⴩͸Ѫˣ֮˵ϺɣǸղǧħ޲ħޣˣ֮Ȼԥؽ
֮ûд𻰣Цɱ֮ٳЩЩѪ
ը˷ɢģ֮ȴÿһֱΧųϱըϱһܷӣܱը
һϢԶѵغҲըˡ
Զĵӡ嵶ˣȫֱ㶶Ѫ֮еǸˣǵ۾һֿѪ֮еǸˣΨһϣˣôûһܵס֮䣬뵹ɡ
ﲨת֪뷨
ڰǧǼȿ֮У϶ˣѪУ̤һ
һ֮£ѪһȦƺ˿һ㡣
֮âŨٴδɱ֮ߵѪӿ
ǵģڣЩ֮еѪͬտˮʱˮˣ÷ڣһĻľս̫Ѫȣ·ǧײ㡣
رǣЩѪÿðһѪݣѪѿһ̺Ѫ֮УʹѪɱأ
Щ֮Ǵۿġ
ǣǧģģΣյģȴЩ֮ɱѪˣȻڷԾ֮䣬ҲóڵѪڡ
ѪǰķڣҪڳ⡣
ǰǧħҪըķڣ
ϣѪܣѾȻէѪҺڿٵתţƺСӣѪҺӾһ㣡
·һ룬ڵѪͻƬѪ֮С
ûѪϷ㣬ܻŲɣ
֮һ£ȴҧͷѪˣ̤һʱѪ˳𣬴Ѫ˴ӿ֮ʱǻһѪɫֱ̳Դģ
ûȥЩڵֱҪѪȻ۳ǰѳֱնѪûʽֻĪ֮Ѫɫ̱ն÷顣
ǣѪɫֻһϸѪ̣簵һ㣬ֱλã裬һԪǽЩѪײڽâԪǽ֮ϣһѿ
أûٱʲôıѪ
ֻЩѪ̺ʮֹ
һϬȴûаңǰѪΣֹ֣һַƳԱԾ޴ǿѪˣɱַĴۿܻȽϴ
գپѪˣȪˮɣѪˣҲɱ
оǣֻҪѪɱ֮ɵˣһУˣһ㣬Գ˵治ʲô¶ǽˣɣ֮䣬֮䲻Ҳ˼ء
ȻϵΪֹûŵƣҪǱ¶ˣǾͲǵˣֻû¶ĵƣܷӳĹһɱУɱУҪõϵģҪõؼʱ̵ģ֪ǰ֮䣬ԲҪԸһˣ
ǴԲʣۣǵΪֹһ۶ûȴȷʵţҺ棡
ҪǣɡնɱһȥģһΣԺȥԣѪǰѪˣն
ÿǰһԵѹʮֹϣȻǰţȻԽǰԽΣգѪֱܸϡ裻ɡն似ȴܵõøĥ
֮Ҳǲܣƴɱɫȫǲ԰ףȻҲǺľɱһһߣӵһ㵽㣬ʹûȫյĵ߲㣬Ҳʩչ
Ǻҹ֣ƫƫѪˣһأյùã
ʱ֮󣬳ϵĽƣԽԽնһѪ֮еɱȴҲ䣬˿Ҳ
Ȼն似ڳ֮£ɣ
ɱãѪ˵ƣҲС
֮Ŀⱬôܻ״ɱҲЧտʼǷǳЧĪǡĪڴ֮䣬һܹרſɱ似
뵽֮ԺͻһǰЩнʽرǽ⣬ǺͽնɵġնЩƣѵնеġն
ۣ֮˿ɲֹһײһѰɼһҲûһ似֮ģ
ǣ֮ˣĻģ
ѹ£Ϣ£ϲͣѹեԼǱܣǿһֲľ
֮԰ϣ̬죬ǰ£ԣһݣ߶֮һ൱ɱ֮ڰ˲㣡
ϵüͷҲڽնɣɡնɱȴ￴ˮ£мһɴһ㡣
ܷɱȥɱΪã
ϳ֮У֮ǵڰ˲ɱѾϮϽɫն£еĹɱܣȫ棬һ֮УϵԺȴˡӡ֡
ܷ⣬ն似һһȥǴﵽնɱЧ
ţϱʩչ似
֮Ʋѣڰ˲ɱã֮ţȴֱϵĶʲôʲô
֮У֮˲֮С
ȴһһնţһУնһٽУնٽ
ųǧ򽣵նɱѪɱ֮£صܱǣϢŨǣ֮䲢ûΪѪ˸Ҷϲüͷ壬ɫ
üͷչ뷨ʵ֣
ͬʱ֮УȥҪֹֹ֮Ժը糤ֱϮɱϣ
Ҳһ˲䣬նƽ⽻Ӱ
硰ӡɣ


549 ͼذ֣˭
֮䵱湻ϡ
ֱ֮ʱԥԳ֡
Ƴ磬罣̳أ
֮̽ʱɱδѪҪ֮Ϊնɱϵһ
֮ϻ֮ʱѪѾɱ
ʱ̺Ѫ֮еɱȻ֮䣬Ѫˣ
ɱ
Ѫײ
ʱޱȣɱ֮⡣
ڴˣ֮ǱǷɱɱôѪӾһǱҪնϵѪϽջأնѪˡ
䣡
Ѫ̺ܣȫ֮һը죬˶Ƥ֮һǱڵϣųϣ۾ǰ˼֮ɫʲô似ɱĹȴ
Ϸţţ
֮һݣ죬ɱٳѪӿ
ϵһЦնɱٴμ
켴ظ˸ղŵĻ档
ֻһصûǰһӿ
֮ʧˣȾ˼ɱˣ
ϣȴԼġնɱô⣬Сһ㣬ȥܣѾʧһܽԭֱӷȥ˵سɱܣģ֮ζǧ֮ƣܽסġնɱɣ
뷨£Ժָ뷨ȻնԪնԣǡննȻҲԱɡնɱˡ
뵽Щûȥʵûֻֻǽ뷨պҪ¶ǽ֮
㻹ʲôֶΣǰȥ߱ʵ
֮ϻ粻ȴ˵Ϊһ߽ʣǿЩڣ㿴Ϸʵ
ҡҡͷһԳϷģһ䣬ǧҿߡ
ûǧħޣûɱ֮䣬ֱգǧ˿ƵˮϼˮЩˮ䵽Ѫ֮УֵҶһ㣬Ѫ˽ת
ԽԽ죬ԽԽߣֱ֮Ҳ棬һȦȦת֮УѪ˷·ֱ֮ߣ֮ڣ֮ڣϣҪ̽еĸȥ
ԶЩսǣոջڳ֮ɱϲ֮Уȴûϵһ̣֮أǵģᵽɤ۶ﻹȻʣһ֣Ȼ˵ľ춯أǵĵââ֮ȣȫ𡣡
Ǻɣһ֮£ǰǧˣǺ޻ֱ֮ӱһɱ
־֮ӡ
ȻҲųϵģǳų֮⣬
ϣĵЦˣˣģǧʽ޾ʲô似ãǵҪһУòǸѧİɣҪ͵ѧģǿɾ͵ýһʦˣ
СӣϷɣ
ƾ㣬ԶˣУһЦһʣȵӾеڣ
˵꣬鼱ȪˮڳȭͷγУ
д綷
ȭǧѪγɵ֮ڣСȪˮպöסһȣ
ת÷ɿ죬ǸеƵʣһģһ
ʱ㿴ѪУһˮƵģˮ̺ˮע˳ϵѪ۵ٶȣ١
Ѫ֮䣬֮ΪֹɱУǸСӿ˵ģħûɰ˺ǰһ似ɱǱƽնɡն似ʽƣܹһɽѪУ˼˵ǳһ̵ġ
ǰֻ֮ɱͿͬߣƴ£ټѵغǾ;ԵǣռϷ磬켫ҲԲʲô
񡭡
֮Ʒϣǽħޣ׷ƴܣǸˮУ֮ǰıʤӧ
ѵҲҪǵĺ𣿡
֮仰ʱǰУȻʮɣһǴĶ䣬бøһ𣿱ҳԲ£ҵθںܺã
ۣ
֮仰˳ѪҲ룬ǣ
ʹܣ
ţ֮У˱̣̽̽ܶһ㳣Ķ̽һ룬ûܷ֣
֮ڵţо֣̽
һ߽ʱƵʹֶεĵزʷǰ
ǧ߿ܹ׽նѪУȴǵǰôףôɵһȭסˣơ飬ֱһλƵĸ߽ѪսǰһȺӬֻȥ
ǵͣŵôģϲ£ҲҺ£
һ仰ҶҳǵˣҲҲˣ治һˣ
Ѫ˻ʮɡʮɡʮɡɣ
̼䣬ɣ
ɣ
һɣ
Ӵб̾
ڱ̾һ˲䣬ͼذ֣һĺ⣬ϵĵ
֮ûдûдУһ⣬⣻ڳϵʱ֮ЦˣԺ︡һ仰ʲôֶζҪҪɱҪ
ȻһϢ֮Цˡ
Ϊ֮һġﭡִ̽ѪĳƵġ֮ۡ䶢ۿȥѾǰѶ̽ץУš
֮ٿǵλãһƬһֵסһƬ
תŶ̽ӵؿ֮䣬رһ˼ұ㣡
֮Եֱӣʵô֪
̫ˣòһģһˣģԣҶ϶ضҪʲôӣȻϣ
ϴ˵еУûɢȥʵǰεζ﹥֮󣬳ϾԼһμ˽䱸֮߸ϵˣȴһ仰˵ǿ϶⡣
ˣҪˣһ֪ʲôأ˵һ˵ɣҪȻ˶֪һʲôĴҵ£
֮ĿǷߺޣгŭŭԽԽһͷԺҲҪмֵҪһȥ
Ǻ֮䶢ųϣƽ˵򡪡֮䣡
䡱£֮ҪԪˣ
ͲţҪըƣǱǰǧħޱըʮ
ֻϧ֮Ҫ֮ʱͻһŵ磬ϡãõȻ޴棬ҷһ˿һټҲ
֮ʱ۷ףɵһ㣡
Ҳ̫Сģ̫ȡѵˣ֮ôƽӦеŭһֱȼգ˵Ҿͻᡭ
˵ûм˵ȥΪ֮飬ܲԾ˵֮˵仰϶Ϊŭƿڴ׷֮ġ
ȻһУûС
֮еģֻ۷㶣һҲ㶴ġ
ιɵˣ
ţ֣֮ǰһΣȻҲǰ˾䱸֮ڵһбֻһƭ֣һ֮ʱƭ֡
֮תͷƴֻҪ֮һвԾף⽴
ǣ֮ſ˵һ仰óˣ
֮䶢ųϣ˵˭


550 ɵ
˭
֮˵ôһ仰
ѵõľ֣΢ţϣԸ֮仹ֶԪԱԸ֮仹гƣܹһɸˣԵ֮ࣻҲ֮˵ôһ仰
ڳϾȵòپȵʱֶ֮ųһ䣬˭
ɵˣ
׳ˣ
ϻǲţǰ뽪ƴսʱǽûԪˣбɰ׳հǺھǴιն˸ƲֻҪһʹҪҪҲԼ˼άԼ˼Լļ䰡
˵ģʮʱǰǺӧҲˣǺӧȻƴɱٽһ㣬ǰԼҲ繥Ǻúõġ
ôͻȻһӣ˾͸ԼԼ˭ʶˣ
ǽ˸˿棬ҲӦŶԣӣųϰ˼ˣɺϣı
Ȼϲ֮Ժ׷ʲô£ǣ֮β룬ʳϡ˭ʱ򣬳Ϻԥػصɵ
ɵ֮ɻţĿЩ룬֮󣬳ԭҽдɵ
϶֮䣬Ȼûз䱸ͬʱҲһ⣬Ժ𣻵ʵ֮ǰȷǰ֮ĸ߽ʣ֮䣬Ǵɵ
ɵ֪һ𣿡
һڣ֮ʹ룬öͷҡҡͷʵһʲôܳ𣿡
ЦˣЦ˵ܳԣȻܳԣһǳóԣҪ𣿡
Ҫ
ԣɵңԺҰһԣΣ
ã
Ͻ֮۾飬оСǰĵɵ֮⣬û飻ϼЦʵǵ𣿡
棿Ǻһ룬֮Ȼôģһ˷ܵʵǳԵ𣿡
ǲǡ
ʲô
ЦúܲãʮĴһֻʮִҴǻˡ
ˣ
潫һط˼꣬һЩҰ޴һҰ޳㣬ңҪȻڿɶҰ̽ˣ˵ǲǻˣ
ǣǴػˣ
֮䣬ӦǴɵݺݵ˵ţһߵӡ
ϸ͵Ҵȥˣòã
ãҪˣһҪһڡ
ˣһڣأкܶ£Ҫ֮ǰҪȽ£ȫڵأͷ
ͷϲϲ֮ȭͷ˼ȭƣ㵸
ЦڣţΪֹû켫塢ƷλսӦһ˼ɣ
󣬳ù֮ʵ㻹֪ô𣿡
ʲô
֮ȴԾطŵߣ켴Ϥɱ֮ʹ˳֮䴵һֻһ
ɵ𣿡
ܺ档֣֮飬ͺСõһ߰㣬һģһȴͷʳϣΪʲôһᴵأ
Ϊɵܴ
֮Դ֮˲ѣֵԺ󿴼ˣǴⶫǣòã
á
ţʹΪɣ֮Լ߸˵ȡ˴ָ
һָ̽ǳḻԪʯ٣ҩȵȶ٣ϵעȫǡɱ͡棬·һóһָպо
ֿ治ѵ֮䣬ţɵǹɵ˼ֻǣһֱɵȥ𣿡
һ̸עѾ϶֮ɵˣû˼䣬ɳȴһǣɵܷӦﻹܴࡶɱ͡˵пܲһֱɵȥпܻǵǰ£ҪĻǾ൱ڷһ֪ʲôʱܹѹĴɱߣܹǰѹĻɱͲʲôصӰˡ
뵽ͻһԼͷЦ֮ɵˣôԼҲɵˣС𣿶֮ǹǴɵ֮䣬ѵһ̣Ҷ֪
ţֺƳ֮ľѪȻ֮˴ɵϾǸ߽ʣ㻨һӵʱ䣬Ÿˡֶ֮֮һο
Ȼˡ֮һѹ֪ԼΪɵЩ£ҪԱģҪȫ취֪½ûʲôȫ˼ط
ţȥšһ˿ϵ֮䣬ಽظų
ǰǧߣĿɿڴһ߾ʯ
֮ǰôɵؽǸ˵ѪУǧ߾Ѿ㹻ˣԳϾѾؾη
ڣ֮ųϵĻǷݾȶʱŴʯĵزǷݾηаַ
ǧֱһͷʶǰʰˣοСϺף
ֱϴ漣ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ𾪣ԽԽ˼ˣ㻹ʲô漣أ
ջ֥ɺ棬һԣЩ߻عϸñӣƨʲôӢ䰡ʲô˫ֻ˺ǲʩչƨ似ĸɽ
Ⱦ͵Ϣɡ
ǣһϥ֮˵ɵ׼ңҲ׼뿪Ҫ˲ʹǸ

˵꣬ӣһ£˵㲻ùܣУ
Ư֮俴ŵӣ˵ôһ䣬һ㶣켴Цû뵽һǿߣһΪ㣬磬Щˡ
ɵҵĻ𣿡
ˡ
űۣ˼ŸղŴսĵʧܽžѵûȥųϣⲻ֪Ͼǹ⴦ʽرܣЩ飬ȷʵЩԽһʷծ
ǧǾһأǵȻҶֺ֮Ŀ⣬һֱضǣ˭ҶҪ֮һɱ
Ҳֻʱ򣬻ϡ֮շɣ
ʱ켫붫ǣԶӡ
·ҲԽԽ
һɽϣھһ濴źƣɫһƬһ˵֮ɽ
ǸɽˣȻʦأû


551 Ǳ󹩷
ʮգѾ˵գ
ȻһƬשߣȻ֮һսУ֮ɱ˺ܶ٣ˣֻʣ°ǧߣԽԽ˴˷ڵ̫䵽ˮƽ֮󣬶ֱˣ
ˣǸЯ˴ɹʳǾ֮࣬ˣЩеͷԵģȻۣһŷǳͨľͷʮʮƷԪʯһмеһ֣˵ҩ⣬ʲôħⰡҾյ֮ģȫɱؽ۸Ϸ
ȻЩףϣǰǧǧ֮Զ˭Ҳ߿Ҳû˸ǰսɭɭͷ­ˡ
йһأҪߵǰģֻҪһ߽޶ķΧ֮㴵̶Ҳð벽Ϣ֮˾ͱѪɡ
ټϰǧ߻񣬱˸ҽǧ֮ࡣ
η塢ЩڴУ֮󣬵쵽
ڵѾвһڵǣֻЩһڵӼΪߣûиߵӴӧ֮ĸ߶ȣԣǿǿԴڳʿһ֮䣬û˿ĸоֻ޶ԣ
ң֪ӧֵ֮İǧߣţ֪ģҲȥԣϢûдóȥ֪֮١
һֱڵԼ״̬ս״̬ѾĹնĹȵȣĥȻûʹúӧǿŸ߽ΪԪˣֻڼšɽľ·ߡ
ǣȴôҲ㲻ǰʹõЩ㷨вͨŻѪҲɣ
㷨
ϲɿЦͨҪľʹͲ˵ˣû뵽ܼҲ谭̧ͷͷƫΪһֽƽ˾Ķȹ
ǵѾﵽʮˣ󲿷ߣ
죬쿪ʼֽѪսˡ˵ţ۾ﱬ⣬ҺڴѪս٣߽ʹǴԲʣ֮󣬻˰ɡ
뵽⣬ϾѪֱУ
ȻһŮվǧ׵ϣ˵ǰСŮǱƹ٣ǰ̣ǰСŮӽ롣
֮侯ؿšŮӣֻҪǰ벽Ҫ֮ɱ
ǧǺôһƬʲôǱƹҲˣʲôȻ˵ͷ֮ӿ뷨ǰߣǰ;ƺҲܲ
ǳ϶Ǳȫûʲôӡ̧ͷʵӣǱʲô
ǰСŮˡһ䣬Σ˵ǱڱôҴ졢Խ漰㶼֪
ҡҡͷȥҴңҪôƳǶҪôһ¶ȥǣȥЩ
Щǽ͵Ǳ󣬹˼壬ǳһ࣬ıҩϡħ޵ȵȸֱʲôŮ֮ⱦǱƣֻҪǹ˿ҪģǶŪ
ôˣ
Ǳڻûгֹ⣡
Ǳôң
ҪƹˣҸоǱǿǱҪͶʡ
Ǳĺ̨˭
˵֪Ǳһգ
Īüͷ壬Ǳƹκʱϲ˵
Ǳƹûп벽һ۱㿴Σ˵ɵ
Ŷ
֮ӦһƹоϵǹɱʧһҡһǰߵǰҪ˵֮ʱ֮ȴǺֱӵ˵ûнƯ
֮һӲЦˣƹˣɲʲôϵЦݶδʧһ㣬ǰϾ˹˵ǰǱ

ǵģǰֻҪΪǱĹ裬ǱһΪǰ׼׵
Ǳ֪ʲô
֪
ǲһڣ
ЦˣµĻپͲվǰǰˡ
Ͷʧܣ
⣬ÿһζӮʱֻҪӮһξ͹Ӯһˡ
ҲܿһΣͿٲ֮ء
ԣڶġ
ƾ̶̼仰ȻܾǱͼ񣬶£һһܾˣҪһڵģֻô룿
Ǳ«ʲôҩպȻˡôһ룬ϱʵһҪЩʲô
仰ٵЦݣɽˣ˵ֻҪǱ֮ʱУģá
ãҾǱĹӲ˵ȴһ仰ҾͿǱ󾿾Ҫʲô⡣
ǰǱ󹩷ơ˫ַһͼӣϸȡͼһɲǣ۾ȻϬһ£ֹڷƽ˾
οϽ˹ƣ˵ǰʲôԸ
Ȼ˵ǱģۼΪʵô˻ᣬպÿԿǱһָǰǧߣ˵ǧˣҲˣϵ·ҲʵЩѿƹһס
ãδӦ൱ɴ࣬ʵǰзԸ𣿡
ҸպҪһЩҩ
ǰ˵
ϵ˵˼ʮֲҩͨģѰģУζҩһζݲԪݣһζк찬㣬ζҩǳٵҪҩݡ
ɫһ仯ûУȻЦػصǱʱ䣬Ϊǰ
ϵ˵ͷʲôҲû˵
ιظǣ֮һЦ۽ִӵɨȻˣȫޱ棬һɷƽ˾ȴǾκˣΪϳǸ֮䣬ҲϳǶͷ­ϵ˭
Ǳ˼һ䣬ƣ˼
ߺ󲻾ãһȺ˵һȺˣǧˣҶһڵӣΪ׼ˣΪͣһһ߽н
ʵ⼸ˣ׷ɱðһڵǿٵĳϣǣûеȵϵĵǵȵǹɱ¾һƴɱʧˣʣµ˳ҪرһɽʱֽӵǸȥǱ·;֮һڵӻһ
ߵǰ棬ͷ­һʦ壬Ǻʦ壬ƣ㡭ⶥû˵ֿ֮꣬䣬ޱȣȺʦ
ߺţǰ壬ǧ׷Χ֮ڡ
ϿЦ˵ɵ֮һ


552 ɱ
϶֮˵ɵ֮һʱѾǧ׵ķΧ֮ڣңﻹͣؽкšʦ
Ȼ֮佫
ϬɱزȻ֮䣬ͽⶥΧ֮֩㣬ơ
ʦ
ôҲ֮侹Ȼ֣ȫľȣһߵֿţһ˵ʦǺīǺīʦʶ𣿡
شīģֻԽԽĹ
īŭųϣѪСʦʲô
īɵˣһڵĵӣȫɵˣȫȻǰһĻһУľͱ췽ҹ̷Ҫ췽ҹ̷һڵĳһڵ֡
޶ãֻһЦ˵ϷŸոտʼأ
īҲóһȴһ𣬵ֿ֮У̺ŵĺȻҲɱ֮
֮俴īʱʩչ似֮ʱ۾Ҳһ˿룬Ȼһ˿룬ܿͱˬ棬ΪǰЩˣֻʱ򣬶ѾˣȻûڷ
ǺȻȻģȫűܷӦ֮ɱǿһǿǿīĴѹȫʼҲЩƺҲǶ棬˺壡
ʱĺīǧʣжԳŭ𣬿ǣʲ֮ȫѹˣīĵֿԽԽ֮ЦԾȻϣɵɵĵЦݣС֮ǿ£ȭͷȵȣûʲôֱ
īҲǱޱȣеĹ򣬶֮ʦ̸ģ֮Ȼʧȥ˼䣬书ΪȵȶûнȻȫû˵ġ
һīʦĶ֣
֮£īɱˣĶ
仯Цˡ
īǲ׳ЦʲôһӡӣʮӺҲûһֻͨϣͨĲӬ
һУ
ôʦɱȴҲһֻħ޶ٻī˼ŵͬʱ嵶ȰǧߣȴҲ˵ô¶Цѡ
ԭ֮֮ǰѾԲǧɣƾɵħ޶ˣ˸ɸɾȻҲ˸ɸɾ֮£īôһֻϣ
ʦǺīʦ
ī޼ƿʩִ˸ƣϣʹ˻ʦһ
ֻϧīԸϢ֮ıըҷˣۡһˣó׵ףʲôʣ
ǧһڵӣɵˣǿǶֻһ֮ôˣʦɱˣ
һڵӾսǣΪȣһţԭˣԭˡɾ֮ȫӿһʣôշģ
֮俴īظǰЩ˵Ľ֣Цˡ
ٴ˵ɵһȺ𣿴ɫ滹ͼˣˣ谭ȥһɽɵ˵ô죿
Ǳòã
ɵǾǱõǡЦӿųϣЩ׽͸ĸо֮Ѿʩչɱ
˲ʱ䣬һڵ֣ͣпϢǵԺอÿһ
顭
ҺڶʮߣôĿɿڴؿţǰһ߸ϵһڵӣһƬһƬȥ
һڵӵĳƬȥʮߵһЩڱǸһڵľηǷ֣һڵӣǸ߽Ҳûʲô˲ҲˣҲ
һƬž֮У鲻Խ˵ǰôһڣǲš
ǣǺ޵ֿ֮ӣһӾˣԺ񰡡

źѣǣҪʧȴǺ׵һ¡
ڵһڡ
ЩߵۻǴֿڴٴЦˣЦЩߵ뷨ٶȣȥ
ֻӵʱ䣬̶̵ӣЩȫûеֿ֮һڵӣͱ֮ɱ˸һɶѪޱȡ
һİȫֹͣ
ҲԴӴ˿ɱֻ֮֮ܲˣ˳ǣ
һڵǵķָȵȣȴûɱ֮и
󣬳Ͻ嵶еǰһǧǰȥɨս֮ǵҩԪʯȫ֣
嵶һϲȥ˭֪һڵӵӣƱ٣ʮ߾ôؿ嵶˼һһĴֶָҶΪըСĹ䵽ǰĴָҲȥ
ϣһ֣ȻҲĿĵģҪǣη֮⣬Ҫ棬ʵʵ棬ӵĹԭ֮⣬УʮߵǰһڵӵķǾֱ˶˲ˣֻһ·ߵס
ɫ
ϲȥ㡶ɽľ·ߣֻǽָȡ˳оţҪΪãǺݺݵĥܵΣգɺҲܱס뽫Ҳס
ĻǷƣָܹӡ
Ͽ¿ҿ֮󣬳ȡ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ѪǲУϸС۾ȴ޵Ŀֲ
󣬳ȡ֮Ѫ
ûбʲôϣһԣȻˣ
ţϱѪιѪ֮ǰǿ־ǷҶԳϳ˵⣻ǣơѪ֮Ȼޱȹ
֮俴۾һ˿Ϥ֮һӣ֮ŵôֱ˵š¡ϰοɵ£ֻҪһͲṥġ
ɵ㻰ģġ
Ͻ֮Żָ
ǡʱǱƹˣ˵ٶȣ湻죬ٴǧƷ׵סǹÿһֻƿƿװǾԪ֮࣡
൱£
˵ֻƷǧװô̵ʱＯġ
϶һ£ǱʵĲСӣǿ
ٿ˳ϵķӦҲ΢΢ԺͬʱҲ֪ǰǱĿ飬Ѿɵòˣţֽռһҩ˳ϡ
΢һֲ̽ûݲԪݺͺ찬㣬ﲻЩʧȻûнʧıдϣϣеֻǣֵķ緶ǰķɡ
ˣȥˣǱʮߵ⣡
һ
ɫˣ
ϿǷ׵ʣһս⣬ֱХ
ŵ˴սٵζ


553 켫Ԫһûз
죬޵գ
ûһ˿ƣҲʮߣɢˣеֻϴı̿գֱ䣬ͳһǱṩĻ֮ϣӲӵһƬ
ϵעҲһƬ֮ϣǷ⣬ͻоǿȸͬеķǿеķ
оˣȻԼġնɱԭǷڵֵ֮ɱʱΪȥ½
ɱǰ⣬ƣǡӡ֮
ϳ˽ȥ۲Ϊʲôֲ죬Ϊʲôеĵطǿеĵطǿǿ٣˶٣
ֱؿţһתҲת
ϿŽӲӣӿųϣģԺֱӳһʣڶ򣿡ţ˳ųϵĿ⿴ȥɵһƬ⣬ʲôģ
ʱ֮󣬳ϱۣˣ֮ǿ򷴵Ƕȵ⣬Ƕеģͽǿ֮еģⱻӷмӳɣҲԽԽǿ
ܵӷܼӳɷȻҲܣֻ澵ӣ⣬ܲýնǣֻҪʲôնأ
¶Цݡ
ʱԭֺĳ棬һڽỹҪֵĳ棬ͻذܹأ˶ͬһʱ䣬죡
ȴһѹԶǶ
ţһƿкȻӰ
ӰƷᰣ켫ż壡
˵ĳ֣ʮѻȸߣȴ˷ܣڵţնڿգ
żһɨɨ˵һ棬ǿźӧͷ­챻˵ͷ­
Ŀ⣬ʱޱȣ
ѹ֮УҲ漴ñ䣬ЩΪߣҲд̹֮У˵ЩΪ͵ˣֱɫ࣬ɪɪ
ʲôΪֻѹͿѹϢˡ
ǣôǸƻӮ𣿡
Űɡ

еٴνע֮ϣ̵ʹҲƿ
λںӧͷ­֮פ֮ǰɨȥɨϣѾ˵ɵ£ߣǵȥ
ððϿ϶ܺ棬ôȥ
ѾվżĶ棬֮ϷɵȥˣһţҲһԾһһԾ֮ͷɵ˿Уﻹ˵ţܷܷɡ
ż忴ȵ̤ڿУѾһССľˣΪһڴ鱨֮յˣҲյˡ
ǷۣͿڿ㵸ϲСӵ֮䣬ѿڶʦ֣㡭
ʦܣʲô
żüͷ壬۾ޱȣǿɲ
֮俴ᰣͷһʡǲʶҡģȴżôһȣסˣֱ߿˵ͷ˵ɵ£ڣǲ۸㣬һǸɥʬһˣҪ㣬ʹشȫ֪𣿡
Ŷ֪ˡ
С
ż仰֮䱻ΪɵԼ˵ɥʬʱŭɶֱ죬Ȼ֣һն£
ֻһƣһƵɫĻ棬֮£ֱϣϲܣȵȵľڣɵ֣
һ֮£֮ңֱɱ֮ʩչ˵㣬еȫżΧȥżΪŭߵֿߺȵ֮䣬Լ˭𣿡
Ǵɵô׸˼ˡ֮䴵ø죬ΪӿżŭȴǸ֮
ϣѾƵɫĻ棬žʹս壬ڵͶ˹żֻ𣬾һ£ɹ֮󣬳Ȼ׵Ʒϣ㽫ˮиȥģȴ۵ĵɫ棬һּΪ
׸Ϊ
ûɹףϼʹ֪ҲȥɣȥɣľѰ·ڣģˡ
ӰѾٴνˡ˵ɫѾʼˣҲٵóֱл֮Уٵҧÿ֨֨졣
żûнעڳϣȻ֪ʤǳɱģҲ˺ӧѪȵͷ­ҲûнϷԲʣ۽һ֮ǿߣ߽ǰǾһֻϣҲͺҰòˣ
ϣǰҲһֻǿ׳Ӱˡ
żֻ䶢֮䣬о֮Ϊʲôģλ߽Ůʣ򳰷ؿŽɫ̽ĳϣţʦֵ켫Ԫһɵġ
ϵȷо켫Ԫһǿ󣬽ôһƣоûзŬԼЦ˵һϣѾһɵˣֻʣˣ֮һͽûз
ôĿ᰸ͲѳϵĻһ¶Ϊڳѣɫغ㵽׶ʦֶʲôֽţܽʦָֻһȫʬ
֪֮ôɴɵҸ㰡ϾʹϵŵɫЩ٬ͽӡ
˿࿴ϡ
Ȼ㲻ǰҾһ㣬ǰˡ˵ţϾǰȥҪ߽֮ڣĴɱУĿǰֻ֮Ч
ڳϽ֮ľ룬ԽԽСʱżͻشȵʲôѵҪ˿ЦɱһȻҵȻʦܡ
ż˵ţȴѾ֮ɱƵòˣ֮оΣգ߲ɱΣѹ֮£˳żɫ֮䣬㵱ʲôǲˣǲ˭ǲһʲô
֪һڲǳԵҪһڡ
żüͷɽƱ켫嶼Ҫߡ
֮Բ֪˵һ֪˭£
󵨣֮䣬ʦֱ֮ģƾһ䣬͵żɱ֮һţɱ֮һ㣬֮ϣѾѪ
żӦ켫Ԫһ֣֮䣬СұԣͲҵĶ֣һ㽫ɱ˵ڰ˲㣬ҲͬҵĶ֣
˵ţ켫Ԫһȥ
һߣżǾ仰ᰣֱлû˿һСǧ˿ơȥ
ﲻһΪףʵԶӡ
Ȼʱתаٱ䣬ף
᰼֮һ㶡
ϳû


554 ȻһŻ
һСǧ˿ơ֮ȫǳϵλô๥ֻҪһλǾеóϳܣ᰺ţΪӸӾҵĲ
᰿켫Ԫһĳϣǿ϶Ӳˡ
ʱȫҲĳϣһȻˣһ᰺Ϥף
Ǳˣǹż塣
ĮòһϢһģһ
⣬ᰲһ㶣һ͡
ϻʹâΧȻʳһ㣬ûѸǰȥ
ֻһϢ䣬ͻع񣬺ȻŭｿȣɣȻðʦ֣Ļòͷˡᰴһ仰Ѿ׵ķΧ֮ڡ
ʱȻ
žᰵԺУҷ裬ᰵʱһƬң˾첻ѣġǧ˿ơҲûҲ
ֱˡ
ȴȭʮ岨ڰ㣬ֱᰣٶ֮졣
һʱ䣬Σվء
֮Ĺż壬ϱģҲһ㶣ſΣգȻŭһ𣺡֪СðҵģҪĴۡ
켴һֱһ䣬ɱᰵǰͻضһµɫĻǽ켫ԪһɵĻǽ
ûֱײȥ
أ
ʮ岨ÿһֱжʮֱǽ顣
켫Ԫһǽ飬ϴǽһɲǣϵȭȻ۳ʮᰡ
ۡ
Ϯ͸ķֱ֮һ߹ǵĶѵġꡱҲͬʱէ죬ɫޱȲ԰³һѪȴΪʹаͣһֱˣԺҪըһ㡣
֮俴Լ켫Ԫһǽûסϣ飬ˣŭ𱬷ʱǱĻǽڿ裬ϰΧתš
켫ԪһΧĳϣû׷ɱᰣﲻЩ̾ϢļƻúһͻȻϮȻٽȻնɱ
һȥһʣǸԲʣٺ֮׶ˡ
ϧôһ˲䡣
켫ԪһУûٽɽ壬ǰɽ֮ڵһƻ𣬻ûг״Ҫ̽ȥ켫ԪһõĴ̴衣
ҪõһһεشöˣȻͻ켫Ԫһӡ
ңϸо켫Ԫһ𣬹ȻԵޱȣȻܽԪҲյ֮ǰһ켫Ԫһ𣬸ĸоǿңǱһ켫ԪһΧ֮󣬳ϾظоԪĴ
𣬶Ϊֿʧ
ڳԪܹڽϳһʱ֮ڣάԪԴԴϡ
żѾ˵ߵᰣʦã˺£
ҵ˲˽֮µ˵Ѫ̺졣
żɫ䣬üͷ壬֮
֮
ʲôżҲʱٴն£ųϵ켫Ԫһ𣬸Ӵң˵ţΧӦò̫󣬴ž׷Χ֮ڣǰ˵ЩЩƣиղűʦֵģΪ֮ľ롣
ᰵǴϻ۹ˣһӾ˳еͼż۾ΪϬ˵ֱܴٶӣһξ룬ΣҪֱϣ񡣡
ףٶżţŻ棬˵ҵҪԪܹ֧Ŷá˵꣬ᰣϽָ
ᰵ˵ͷͳҩ
·սǣ׺ᰵһĻȷΪܣɽ켫ԪһİΧ֮Уеֱ϶Ͽ϶ˣﻹ˵ţһڵˣôǵģҿ׶༪ˡ
Ȼ˲ͬ⣬ûأ˭˭Ӯ˵ء
嵶ǰǧߣǸӮֻгӮˣǲܻȥҪǳˣýֺͷףǱɡ
ʮ߶ڹۿս֣˭Ҳ֪ȺһͷܣһĪϣĪҲڿеս𾪣κһС˵˵𾪶˿ôԲ²ǲǷʲô鵤գһ·֤ųϳɳĪϣȴףն߽ԴԲһսƣżΡ
뵽ǰҪԼСӣȴɳҲ󼰵ĵزвɿЦѣͬʱҲοĪϻţҲõ꣬õλǰҾ֮ˡ
ĪϣһªϸվۣעĵطĬĬؿţ۾Ÿָں൱ӵ
֮ϱ켫ԪһΧҲһӻУɱͳøǱ̲ɱҲ
ż֮ܵı仯ȵ֮䣬ٲȻҪִԲǾͱʦֶ㲻ˣ仰УҲ͸Źżɱ⡣
ҪôףҺ¡
֮¶Ҫݣż忴¶۾һתƺ¶ʲô⣬Ϣ䣬żʹ⣬Ŀ͵ؾͺһһ˵Ȼ£ҾԶ£ʦӦòҵġ
ʦ֮֡⣬ϽȺżͷҲأֱֱ˵Ѿ
֪żƢ˵ת֮󺰵ʦ֣ѣѰһɽһķһļҰ
֮⼱еĺɳ˼һϷָϽȰ˵ѣ˵ƽʱһЩ̵£żҲס֣˵һλᡣ
ҲˣһЦһˣ˼е֮ʹޱȣʹֹ֮֮ͣ˵ԣһڲҵļңһǳԵģҪһڣ
󵨣˵֮죬ҾΪһŻż֪ˣſڣ˵ʲôȴż壬Ѿ֮䣬Ҫն֮Դ
֮ٴѹ̫Ѿɵ˵֮侹ȻʩչھŲɱżӲһͣĿ¶ȣ벻㾹Ȼ£˵ھŲɱֻϧѾɵˣǻ׽Ūˡ
ʩչھŲɱ֮䣬ȴѾѪȻھŲ˺ޱȵشȻżȻǰֻȫҲ켫ԪһΧֿ
ͬʱҲһ켫Ԫһһһżȥﻹ˵кͬţȴǵý˵ùһڲΪߵĵ䷶
㾹Ȼܶ


555 ҹɱ
·ѣʲô˵ģ
ޱɡ˵壬ھŷʹļ尾ԪǴ켫Ԫһա
ԣɵ֮УŲ
켫Ԫһ֮£ôʱ䣬Ҳǳʸһսˡż侪ףȴûнϷ϶ڳϵӣѾյòˡ
ϼţ˵һһţʵڼѵ϶ŽŲϾ켫Ԫһ̫ˣ߱߻˵ţ˵ϲҲͣΪԱʲôӧʤˣߵöˣûһԳϷ򣬻ң㿴ãҪȻϷҾ͵óˡ
ż岻׳˵ЩصĻʲôĿģ֮ԽԽ֮ң֮Ѫ֮ȴɵһʩչɱ
Ȼ֮ҲЧģżϵ켫ԪһԽԽʢȻǼӴ˹ȥԸ֮ɱ
ȿƵر˵˹żһһתת˵ǣһúܲãҺܲͣǳӣ
ȹżѯʣϱ˵׻˵ޣϷ㣬Ϊ˵õλС㣬ȴҪŻĽڣͬʦܸɱˣˣ˺Կ
ֵģ˵ʲôҺʦװ׵ģĺڡλƷķֻǵһΣ֮һʱ䣬ҲʲôŮǿߣܻڻָˣƿ˵˳
Ȼװ׵ģǲ׵ģ㻹ΪʲôһҪɱɵأ룬ƽʱ˶ǲǺչˣᵽɵʱǲֺܲˬ
Ϻţ˵ĻȫģɵĴڣżһ׷ɱϣΪһˣȻĳЩŮչˣˣüͷɸһ˿ɻ
żˣһŭı鶼ûУҲûкǳ⣬ֻǵ߳˵˲ļһΣõڶ𣿡
⻰ᰶʱ׹߳ƣñɣȻ䣡
˵ʲôôأѵҲΪҲþ´ɵҲɵϴװͿżȴ˵׵ľ룬뿿Ϳģ
˵ôɫһ㲻Ҳߵ֮ڣϷζʮ㣬ߵ֮𣿸𣿡
ʹʲôֶΣɱУ
ϲòż壬һ˿©ҲԼǴԲʣͻᱻһԣó߽֮ڣóϵɱУ޿á
Ȼ˵ôϻĿģǴ߽֮ڣڼ㣬Ƕȣһ˲䣬վŲͻغȵɵҹ
Ҫǻһˣ仰϶ᷢ㶷ʸΪʲô
ᰣǹż壬Īϡªϸȵ仰ˣһ¡
ǣΪɵ֮䣬֮󣬺ԥأ㽫ھŲɱ֮ųϹ˹ȥʱһƬ켫Ԫһ֮У¶һʹâɵĳ
ʳ磬նһӰȻǡնɱ
ʱʳĹż壬۾ȻŴϬޱȣԭϵȻסһ˲䣬
ңʹɱĹֹ
ɱھŲ㣬ޱȣż嶼Сӣӻż͸֮ΪˣڸоԾһ˲䣬켫Ԫһ糱ˮĴӿϵ켫Ԫһ𣬸ֱ졣
켫Ԫһɱ˲ڿײžžžƬؼ䣬һһĻ˻Щ˻Ҳǰǽ֮Щ켫ԪһȻйЩǱɱеľһ㣬ĳͨ
Ͽ״һȣɵ
ɱֱżӿȥɱһƬ𳱣ִżϵǸ
䣡
ǸȻɱײ֮£С˱䰫˽֮һ
ż˳һ
ʱٺȣɵʹ
֮Уɱתعż壬ͬʱԾʳնһʽڡ
˲նǣ
ڡոʩչͷų棬ȪˮȫתһԶż壬ڷżʱ򣬻໥ΪУһΪһΪ
֮һУ
켴켫Ԫһķֻ֮ȭͷҽϸʮż
һϢ䣬ϽĴУ˳
Ȼ磬򲻵֮ʱǾãܱ¶ģ滹ô֣
żɫһ䣬벻켫ԪһôʱĳϣȻϬ͵Ĺ벻׵ǳʲô似Ȼܽɱ
ŵͬʱżҲڶûӲϵĹμԶˣһʵߣΪʲô֮£һ˵վֿЩ͵Ĺ
ҪӲЩżȻĽǣҪܶصˣǾͲˣǳɱˣǳϵɱУ಻
żֻĿģɱƣ֮⣬Ҫ
ȵĶԻУ׹żһʲôˣԣڹżո˵һɲǣȣ
£ˮлûȫںϾͱըˣҲըˣǿɱҲţͳż塣
żҲûϵϾ˾磬ο˵ͬʱ˫ֻ裬켫Ԫһɶܣɽֱܵܣɱ
ͬʱըܣСӣǶ켫Ԫһܣ˲鿪Űǰżȴڵһʧ˲䣬Ѿ۳˵ڶơ
켫ԪһҲɱʵ÷飬ڷǣѽԻ𣬼ն
顭
ըǧ֮һգۼ䣬ʮƣڹ˹żϣͬʱɱҲżΧ
ܡɱϮżΪҡѪɫ΢΢԰ףͷըң·Ҳ˿˿ƣʹˣżȻڿˣϱ׿⡣
Ǹࡣϲֹһ䣬£ǻɱȵ֮ģǾˣҪ񹥣ż壬ȴʵĺܡ
ǣҲûԼͣڿżˣٶȣ׷ϵ˲䣬ȵɵŮģ
ͬһ˲䣬ӣᰳɱȥ
ˣڸ̾ʹıᰣɫǴ䣬żһѡ񣬿ˣ
ǣĹż˲١
֮ĵھŲɱ֮Ѿס


556 Σ𻢵
֮ĵھŲɱ֮ϬǴԲΪĹż壬ҲҪʹüȥֿᰣֻǸ߽ʣټ֮˲ᣬ
ϣɿ֪ǸӰһ֮ڣͽܴݲУĴ
ż嵱Ȼ鷢ȻԼúúãҪС˺ϸǣǰٴˣǶ˵һĳ裬ңҲ޷ʦ
ԣżͣһ£һӣһ޴Ƶ켫Ԫһ𣬾תȥסϵ·ͬʱż᰺ȵɱУǸͽ
Ȼ֪żеǸָ˭һӲӣԺâȵıУϣ֮䣬һֲֻ᰿֮䣬һԥ켴ᶨ
⽣һնһǧɳĽ⣬ڽ֮ŭڣâ羪οףݺᾢĴը졣
ţƥ⣬ն
Ȼնķ֮䣬ȴǳϡ
᰻ûżǰĮʦ²֣ΪֻҪɱһб㶼ˡ
ż忴㣬ﲻһ̾Ϣúףƾ֮ǣǣտʼν֮ǵھŲɱѾɼ鷳ˣʱ򣬾͸ӦӲġ
رǣż϶Ҫ֮䣬Ϳ϶֮ȥҪǹ֮䣬ƿ϶ȥ֮䣬ǰҪɱ֮䣬ǰһ
һ֮ͲΪǵƵһʯ
żú֪ˡ֮䣬ˣ֮Ҳ֮ȥȻԹżֶΣʹ֪ҲΪҪ֮ɱϡ
ûżĽ飬żֻᰣɱȥ
ôһ˲Ĺż԰׵ɫָֻԭģĮ
ڽϮ֮ʱȭͷӲӣȭͷ˽â
ǣȭҪӴʱǽһûӰ٣
һȭգһ㶡
ϸոջȭ
ǰǽߵϿգȻһֻߡɶ೤ĻĹޣһ˫ɫ۾׹ⱬţ޿Ѫ裬ɭɭݣһɶ೤ëȫǽɫֱֱҲ
һ֣һֲǽֱ㣬ֱ˳ϣŨѪζֱ
ٶȷޱȣ
⻢ޣԴһ϶ʱΧŷճϵ켫ԪһͻȫʧĴɢ˲ٴ۳һѻУųϵĵﲿλȥ
ˣżǽ޵һɲǣҲʩչǣֻǣǣֱҪķС޲عȥ
֮䣬Ϸپ
·ʮս֮ˣȫһ϶ϱɵˣҲ˲٣ǰΪʤģҲҡĪϸǽȭĲѣսȻǶҲܲģǸªϸǻǵ۾⣬Ҫȥæȴ֪ΪʲôסԼ
ϣȻԼΪһӣվҧɻлϮһȭյһ˲䣬ײԾȡۣ֮
켴ֱֳӴǻ֮Ҳס˵λã
¡֨
ޣһӽϵұҧ˽ȥȻûдЩԤϵѪ龰ϵֱ۲ûбҧ޵ݣǺ񱻱š
ͬһ˲䣬ײϵλá
˵Ʋ֮۵ķǣǻͻرȴһĪըóϲɹӡ
֮Щ⼲
ԪָʷȦֻôһʱ䣬ͱȫ汬ơ
һʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ͷų֮ȪˮΪԪصˮУһһΧųתЩ⣬ʱˮУˮбը
ż忴һĻƷϵĻ棬ȴһ㶼ţЦ˵һеɾһ̫㣬ûκε㣻һأ㰲Ȼɣ̣Ǿһ㣬Ҿľ֮
˵ţżʮָ䡣
ʱǱ껹Ҫܼ켫Ԫһ⣬ȫȥȫˮи˽ȥ
ǲϣ顣
ȴǱϵǿסǻķޣз𻢵ݷޱȣƷĺþòϣȻ𻢵ڣǣǧ׻꣬ýǧ꣬Ҳ൱ֲĴڡ
ĳһ̶ֳ˵Ƿ𻢵׻꣬ԭΪ𻢵һҧһҧ߽ΪĽԪһҧ
ǣȻĽ
ǿֱӱݣһͻ˽âʧһάˮУһ߽ڷ𻢵Ѫնһâ
ÿһâ֮У̺Ÿ͵Ű
𻢵ɲҽгֻ޴ᣬʼȶÿһȣâϮǣ͹żȻڲϷĻһȫˮ
սȺַ̾ڳϵǿ󣬶ϣּǳªϸȴųĴָϵĻԪָĿΪ졣
ϿƵֵסǵĹʵϣľƣѾΣյ˼£
ˮкͣǿ˻ǣǧâڳϵĵ棬Ѿ΢ռϷĵ飬Ŵͷųĺ׺Ȫˮֱһ켫ԪһռϷ磬᧿Σ
Ҳǰ켫Ԫһغķˡ
ǰ֮䳯ʩչնɱýϵĶʹõھŲɱż壬ùż嶼ò˱ܿ
似ȻʹãκûĵزʱأնǸǶȣ֮ǰնġնɱǸʵļģŹżһˣǰĽǶȲãֻС
նһƥ𻢵ǲҺֱأֱأĳݣҲնûˣϱնţȴţһڵǣȾ𣿺ھУӧҲУƷҲƷķ᲻Ҳأ
֮⣬ϻһصɻ󣬡ˣ֪ҵˮ켫ԪһǣڲͣʩչϮΪʲô᲻ʲôı
ţԺֳָɽϣǻǵһĻĻͻأһ


557 ̻꣬ս
һ϶ʱһ飬룬ôͼѵĴͱɾѣ켫ץסһᣬҪ׵ֶΣ϶Źᡣ
ʱѾͽѣ
뵽ֻĪѵĿܣȻתˮУֻ۾Ŀ⣬Ʊ˪
ͬʱȭʮݺѾٵǧٿ׵ķ𻢵񣬷𻢵ƺܵΣյ٣һУС
Ҳɫ̣ὣն³ֱۣɸһͷǸֲ׾룬ֹֻס˲ӡ
ҲʲôûϽâأ಻նȭͷҪȭͷնɰٿǧ飻ǣϵٶ̫죬ЩâֻüѪۡ
ɷ𻢵Ѿȭҵ÷ˡ
Ȼ飬ҫ֮£ȴܿüһӰĴڣӧһ㣻˵ץץסġ
Ȼ罦Ѫ֣ȴǽǷ𻢵׻סһ㣬һѸץ˸ʵʵ
ץץסˣµֳˣϸûа취׻סҲûʲôסֻץסҲУҪٸҵѪƴ
ԥûҪһϢʱ䣬ݹ⣬һҲ⣬ֱ𻢵׻꣬ͣˡ
᰿Ŀɿڴ·󲿷ֵߣǸ֪֮Уʲô£ܿ׵ģ޲֣ǳªϸӣ͵⣬һ䣺ǺһǵΪ׻̵꣬𣿡
Ȼªϸ֪ڴ֮ǰϻ˰꣡
żȻҲǿˣڳ׻һɲǣżһĻǣҲٷ䣬¶֮ɫغȳһ֣
ڹżȳֵ˲䣬Ҳȳһ֣棡
һʱ֮䣬ԭ˳תˮУתԭתĻУ˳ת
ˮཻתһ䣬֮ǰˮ켫ԪһǣЩâȻը
ǹֱƴޱȣǳϻǰǰˮתֱӵĺб٣Ȼˮкǣżʩչ켫Ԫһ𣬱ըȴǳĿǰˮܳܵļޣ
ǹɻϢŨŨ
ɣڳתˮеһ˲䣬ըֹͣˣеתҲֹͣˡ
·Ƭ˾ֹ֮С
ʱ侲ֹˡ
ռҲֹˡ
⻭棬ͷ·Ƿɶ˻𣬻ҡҷڷɶͶҪһ̣澲ֹɶڻȴû
ż忴ϵĿ⣬һζˣݵĹż壬۾ӿŨŨս⣬֮£תƣ㻹ܽ𻢵׻ѹסܿסըҲǿĶ֣ȫһսˡ
·Ⱥ֮еǸªϸϵøҲˣ
ϣѹס켫ԪһıըϵľƣʵԪӣһ켫ԪһΪֻһƣȴʹóϵԪʧüΪ٣ûжĵ飬֧š
ʱ𻢵׻꣬Ҳ̽˵
𻢵׻óϵ
ͬʱֹ١
ֹҲֻôһգ۵Ĺ
һգ֮
ըתҲ
ܸоõըֹмתеתҪɱըĥ
˭ռϷ磬˭ܼᵽ˭ȥ˭ʤߡ
Ͼʹⳡ籩ģ㹻ǿֻתܼȥҲֲˣҧҪѪٴζˣŹżƶ
żﾫһ
֮ûֹͣӿᰣ᰼ĵֵţйżͱ˺÷ˣ۾ųϣ۾ҲǷ⣬𻢵׻꣬ɲô̵ģ
֮ɫҲǲ԰׵˼£ѪȾһѪ
֮Ŀǰ״̬ɱھŲ㣬Ҳάֲ˶೤ʱˡ
֮ڣ׻һ켫Ԫһ𣬵ʱͳͬˣͬԸ飬ӿȪˮȥԿΪߣȫȥƴˮת
ȻⲻǳϷˡ
ڷ𻢵צȥʱ򣬳ϼɱһ£Ųѵ켫Ԫһϣ켫ԪһʱήˣܵΣգڷɿغˡ
ǣе켫Ԫһ˵ˣֻó磬һһϣ
µͬһʱ䣬ɵǰ꣬Ҳû𻢵צķ𻢵׻꣬ܵǹϢ˲һ˿棬ӿη塣
һҧס׻꣬˺ҧ𻢵Ȼ£ȴҲɣԣʼƴطȻϻľѪֱݺݴֻ꣬аȴҲһǿɷ𻢵ƴǿǰֻſµطݶֻбɵطݶ
Ϣ֮䣬֮߳ȫ̵˷𻢵׻꣬׻ʳ֮ƺ־׳˲٣ͬʱһ켫ԪһҲ磬ˡ
켫ԪһģΣʱ̣ϲܺȥˡ
켫Ԫһһ̣żüëһȻǸо춯ɫĮʲôɱУȻ켫Ԫһ𣡡
ͬʱҲһȣţ𻢵Ҹо𻢵ʧˣҲоˡ
żɫΪ켫Ԫһ𣬻𻢵񣬻ô̵ʱɱУǺεǿ󣿡
ȴӲӣѾϷ൱ˮƽϵĹż壬䱸֡
켫Ԫһͷ𻢵׻걻֮ȥĲӣȻӿ죬ٵسŹżȥըתڲɱ֣ˡ䡱ը죡
żٴκˣϿûκζ֪뷨
Ҳ·϶˹ż壬żˣ׷ٶһֱڼӿ죬ż׿⣬ҲԶҳϵٶȣж죬ôһ롣
·ĪﰵţСӣҪȥˣ룬˲ȴʱչϬҵĹϣϵƲסУϵԪľʱ򡭡
Īϵͷû꣬еľƣ˱仯
ֻԭ׷ټһ㣬ֱ׷żĳϣͻתһתĹǶȣᰵȥŻϢŨֱϢˮС
ˣˣ
żһ״
᰽ݴ䣬ˣ֮ס
żᰣͬʱɱ֮䣡
Ц


558 ħֶ
տʼϰڳһҪ͹żƴļʽ׷ż壡
ż屣ŵǸ룬û̫ԶǱҪųϣóΪ׷ϵĿܣԱϹľٹľƴƴ׷
ż⣬Ҫ׷֮УľϵԪΪ֮ǰϱ켫ԪһΧ֮ʱͺȥ˲Ԫ˿̣ٺĵһ󲿷ԪٶֽϵĻףĴҲ٣
ȴûϵãһ˼תǣɱᰣ
żڵᰣͳܲסһᰣǸˮУҲûжٵף
һ˲䣬żͷɲֹЩǲǳϵıĿ˭ȵȣѡҲ˲Щ᰾ʹǰ
ھԮ֮ʱżҲ֮ɱ֣ĿģһҪ֮谭Χκ֮ƣ˳ֽţ϶ϼпܻ֮䣬Ϊ֮İܴ
ûȥ֮䣬ǹżҲʧնɱͬʦܣƣҲһ׾֮£
ˣһ켫Ԫһ۶ɵżһѪֱ֮Ϯ֮䵤ȻѾһ֮һң̺ȴɢſֲҪ֮ȥ
ɵ˵ұȥ
żϣ֮䣬ڴȵͬʱӳֱײ
ڳӳʱ򣬻һֵĲ
֮أұ߿ˣȴûֹͣʩչɱΪûнͣӿᰣֻѾ½ˣ֮ʵάֲסھŲɱ
ʱҲײһһը죬Ѫ٣ըɿ
żĿθ죬ͬʱһָȵָ
ָ켫Ԫһ𣬵ɫĻ֮У̺һ޼᲻ݵľ
ָ켤䣬Եޱȣ
ָƺ֮ʱżϲԶӣ
ʱֱᰵĳϣͻֱ˾룬תֱ˹ż壬תһǣϽˮи˳ȥ
ʧȥ˳ϿƵˮУʱͱը
¡¡
ΧĿ翪ˮһ캣һ㷭ţӿȥϵİƣҲȫըɢˣըӰ٣ֱ⣬Ҳ
ڿĺһ̣ż˳ϵͼ㣬ˣȻǿ죬Ĵٶȸ죬˲Ͳżߣż档
¡ը֮ʱżϸֳһȦͦ˱ƥȻֿܵϢϢ֮󣬹Ȧըڷ˺Ĺż壬Ȧ
ż˵ô˿ᰣΪףں켫ԪһܵˮУ͵Ĺǲֵҵģôµ֮£Ʋȥɱᰣ϶Ҳһٿˡ
Ȼżֻ¶ǰһ룡
ȷʵûȥᰣֱ͵ɱ˱ըȦУɱż壡
һĻ·ʮߣһȫ϶ɵӣӳ˽ĪϿ߽ȥĻ棬һֱӱĵɤ۶ɫҲࡣ
żͫ˲Ŵ󵽼£Ҫ˱ߣͲƴڱըлˣѰ·ʲôķ
ҲʱϹܿ붫ǣʮ·ߵҷ磬Ϲܿһ·ı֣Ѿ˻ɣԺǲԾظƾħӡ仰ҷֱƺϹܿĳֹϵһ
̤ȦУͬ׳ʿһĳϣʹȦҲڲͣس֣ٳ֣ٻ𡭡
ǻԪָªϸͷƳɽСӸͲʹûԪָҪȥĻƵˣɡ
йϵҾܼȡªϸѾ׼ó֡
ż룬Ҳǳªϸһ㣬϶ϣ֮У
ǡʱϱһŭ
ŭ𣬳ֻУҵȫɽڣ
⻭棬ʮ߾ʧªϸ֣ӡ
ӣʮķӡ
żԺֱĻ
ϵȻǻѰ·ںڵԪڤӣͷųɽںд֮
ҵһ㣬ͰȻײҪ˺һɸɾ
Ͻֻȭͷҽŵ
һһżȥ
ͺߣ
̤ǧ֮ϣø䣡
ϵȭͷţϼתɱԲǰģԽԽ࣬ϳܵΣҲԽԽء
Ѫȫ£ѪһƬͨ죬ȭͷǱԽԽ
һ磬Ҳγɣ
ż۾гһ죬ʲô켫Ԫһ׻꣬ǲ֪Ҫ̸̣ܲܳԵ£
˵ţżǰʽ
ͬǣ֮ǰʩչǻ꣬ʱЩţȴʯ׹أһƬһƬʯ
켫Ԫһ۳ɵʯڱͿ񱩵֮УٴˣǱޱȣͺһ˲䣬ӶǱѪͻʨ
żֶΣûꡣ
żǴ⣬ҪóͶĻᣬϳ׻ٵ
ֻżڿϥ߲ϼȦֿʴ߽ϵʩչ켫Ԫһʯ켴ִһ͸ף
ڿУѹ£
ʱ䣬ߵޱȻĳϣо·һɽͷ˫Ţһ㣬ЩʯøΪܣȴطӿ
ңɽлʯı֮Աˣƺʱ˺飡
ָоϤ
ܵɽѹĳϣʱ˺׻𺣵ײʱִ粽еĸоܳһʱ䣬ûָܹоˣͻȻһʱ仹ЩӦ
Ϣ֮󣬳ϾӦˣ̤ųȵĲӣżȥ
ͬʱϻЦУΪ𣿡
£˫ȭ
ͬ˫һ㡣
ңһ˫ȭģԡػơ似
ǰʩչءػһ˳㣬һһͬǣǰȥԪں壻ڣȥ˻ʯı
ʱ䣬ǳϷӿܣڡػơһز֮£żȥ
żľȣһ
ߵǰɣĪûӰ죿ôܣż⣬ͻȻϮԥأҲ˲ʯˣ
ڹżһɲǣ
ĳһ֣
һҽڿУżһ͡


559 Ѩۣ

ҽˣһ
ϤҺŵĹż壬һ£
ͬһ˲䣬˫ȭرһȻը
ɽ緢һ㣬һɸΪӴ󣬸Ӻ˵ܣֱżϯȥ
ֻһµʱ䣬żˡ
żϵĹȦһȴһϢûеסͻˣż岻ͣؼȦɫ˲԰ӲͣزֱᰳȥѪȴѪȵƣŭˣҲҪɱ㣬ҪɱɵǸŮˣζҪܾеĥ裬һҪؿܵÿһĥÿһ裡
ҧ˵ĹУһбҪżһ㲻˵ݻһ˵ǴгϵѨû㽫ϴ̵ñѪۣȻԹżλˣ˵ֻȻĿĵģ
ĿģƽļҪŭϣҪóʧȥǣ
֮м֮ΪһʼżΪģһΪһ򣬶Ƶǣ֮ǰʩչɱĹ似еһУӶԻƾͼƣʱȵȣǰյþ׼ǡôٱ׷ż壬ȴɱᰣӱϿʵϣϵĿǹż壬żջԮһ㣬չ͵Ĺ
Ϊʵߵս£µǺΪߡҲߣıҲߵսΪǲսս
ˣżҪŭϵǣֻҪûǣãƴɱ׵öˡ
ò˵żļ֮ɹˣ
ζȷǳϵѨ
ϱŭˡ
˫ޱȵѪ죡
׵׵ؼŭˣ
ûһ˿һǣ
ȻżǲѡˣѨһƣСۡ
вۣζһ
ԸҲζһί
ο˵żҪζܾ裬ҪóһԿšţ
ôӦôܴӦ
ʱϿԴ󷢣ȫë״ţÿһëＤģǷķŭٹ˼ɸոս˫ȭеĿֲȥ˺۵֣ȻЩٻϢ
һΣ𱩿
ͬʱ𣺡ƾ㣬룬һɱ֮ǰɱ㣬һɱ㣬ҰŮˣҺǻӵŮˣ£ҵеŵ˵һУҡնˡ㣡
죡
ڸ߿֮ϣȴޱȵشÿһߵĶ֪Ϊʲô仰Ѫͻطƣһַĵ壡
嵶͵Ƶһվ۾⣬ƺҵ˹һ㣬ֱգһ䣺㲻׷㣡˵仰ʱ嵶ؿڵǵˣǱѿѪ֤
ǰշ嵶Ҳ˲ֶΣ塢棬ʩȻЩûʹķڷûгϸղһ仰ã
ʱóϷһ仰һѣ
ªϸĿƺ£Ժ︡ĳЩ档
ҰŮˣӵŮˡЩǿĻһ飬ǣ𣿲ǸζŮˣһˣĺҸ̾꣬ŮһŮ˭ǰңǡ
˼ˡ
Ϲܿ붫ǽֻѣҲˣԾأӨ䣬ϵøˣҷüͷˣԺرĳһͷɱµѵƣƲڶʦֵĹ֮£ˣԲѰ
ζȴǧ֮⣬붫ǻ·̣ѾһʮСʱ߲ݣһ˲Ҳµ·ˡ
ֻĪϣһ䣬͹ħˣ㻹ŭŭ𣬿ɲһܳܵ𣡡Ī仰ʱһ·ϵֻ档
Ȼż岻Īϣ֪ĪԺЩ棬ƻῼŻ˵Ǿ仰ɣżֻǾļıɹˡ
ΪˣżҲû˿Цݡ
ż᰷ȥ
˿̵ᰣûһѪɫ֮У
ᰣƱһ㣡
䵽ⲽأȻǳϵĹͣǰ֮ʱų޴
˵ȴһЩ΢СĲ
ֻǰǰž֮£˭ȥע⵽һ΢СĲ
᰸ǽ󲿷ֵע֮ϵս֮ϣʣµעǷ֮ϣ֮ǻڶŹ
᰸Ͳ֪Ѿƽ
ܳϿƣȻǱԺ󣬾͵ȳ´Ĺ
ںֵ˲䣬񷢶˹ᰲҽһǱһĻĳ֡
һˣ
ᰲҽгŽһǳϵıҲʹùŽΪҪŭϵһԭ֮һ
ϱ߷űѹӿ÷񣬷̫󣬳ѾڻѪȫһѪ˶
ϻڽһһѹ
Ԫ
ȫҪ
ͬʱżȥ
ڹż彫᰸סԪһɲǣȭǱܱȻˣϯȥ
żɫ䣬ˡ
ٺȳ֣׷
صܣӿֲΪۺ˳ϵĶըֱżƷڿУŸˣܹ棬ż彫᰻ڻϵĹȦǴţֳɫ
ɫȦҲûֵϢʱ䣬ͱƣż˿ٴμ
һǧףǧףǧס
һףżסΣҲԹżɫȦκãƣ
ͣĹż壬ۡ³˼Ѫ˲ԼܵˣϽ᰿ȥ
Ѿϸ˿ˣ۾޹⣬˵졭
ʦã֪֪˵סСӵԴҾʹһڣһܾȻģǸ߽ʣǷˣֻǱһֻСҧһڣôأԣҪס
żʧ̬ˣӣҲóǰ˵һ㣬żϲʦãҲ֪˾ȻɱᰣоɨأҲһ֪ʦʦ彻
ȻҲ۹żô˺ᰵ۾ϣֱҲ£ӵ¶ȣһһȴ
ʦã
żתͷȣСҪ˺㣬ҪкйϵˣᣬеˣҪᣡ
ϵӰѾƱٴϮڿ裬ѪĴɽ
żУһɱױȵ


560 ˷룬
Ůߣ߽ʵΪƽʱ֮ιȷʵأ
Ȼڿս֮ȴŶԳϵӲ⣬ȥ˽֮һ˸ˣں棬֮ɱھŲϮɱһһıըܣҲʹϼˣƼӾ磬˱ˣ
൱ᰵѾһһĴʯͷһͳһݣ
ѹˣˣᰱˡ
ϽֻҲȼȻԱųȥֻʱ̣ǹż屧Աá
żλʵߣûнᰵʬ屳ǷһȫĵطֻǰһԪµ棬ˤǡ
ż彫᰷ߣһۣƴɱżҲ룬ϸɵ֮ٱᰵʬ壬϶Ҳô
һĳϣᰱ棬ȴԺһ䣺ɵŮʬ壬˭ҪҲ
֮ǰϵĻ˵ԶԶ֮䣬ûܵʲôըϮϵŶһϽȥ᰸˻ᰵһ˲䣬֮룬ƺоЩϤɼϢ֮㲻ȥ룡
֮䣬Ҷʦõ壬ҪżǼʵʰŨɱǹηֱӻһɫâɫɫɫֱ֮նȥ
һ߳ҽŴѹۼز˵ʽ˳ȥţб㺰һ
Գ͹żҲȥ֮䣬ǵâնϣͬʱˡ
Ϲһûֹͣ㴩㣬ٴοϮɱгųһ
СܱƵóǹʹԪӦøе԰ҷģһǹɱһйصˣʹǺ˵һ仰ˣҪͳͳҪż˵ˣԼŭϡ
ԪѣУ
ż˵У۾һĨ֣ת˲ţ˵Ϊ켫֮ףΪҵпܻͨͨ𣿻ǷƷʵ㣬ѾԹĻ켫Ԫһ𣬼ȣԪ׽𣬷ñһ߽ԵؽƷĽԪұ֮ҪʤһѪǳϢһ޳ɣأǰֻܵͽ׵ģսʤ𣿡
ϻǰżѪ۳ĽϣһʽָľǽϢн֣Ȼǿƥ⺷ǰΪʲôҪֲβΪʲôҪһУʲôı
Ȼż˵֮ޱȣеѪ죬ûȴ֣ڷţڿʽ׷Źż壬ػصӵ㣬ȴԼʦҲˣʦˣӵֺһҲֻͺϳһثְˣ
żһŭث֣֡ŭֱӿҪ쭣ȴȻѣҪŭȴŭˣ
ż֮ǰûչʾԪȻŹǣһֱʵֵ֪ˣ٣⣬Լ֮⣬û֪⻹һԭȴǺƴɱ֮Уģ
ث֣ҴҪ˭ث֣ҸˣҲɱ㣬һϵΪɷˣץζңԼ˵ث֡
ҪôҪô֮⣬޵ֿܣ˵
żѾ˵˰ȫΧڣǹҲ˺ˣҲֱʽˣȦϵľ룬׼ʲôﻹ˵еǹ֪˶˵Ѫ𣿡
ȳϻش𣬹żԼشʮʮѪûܵǹɱûܵǹȿѪ𣿡
Ҹоʮԩ꣬Ǳ𣡡
ģġżģдƴĳջһݣһȣôǿ㣬ȴϲʹЩСֶΣثһҺս𣿡
ߣ
żһߣ͡
ϲٺ£۵ܣҲһ̶ȣȻֻ֣ȭȭƳʮܣ˵ÿһصܱȲ֮ǰʮܵҲ൱ؿֲ
һأżȴûˣǹնɫâˢˢˢṇ̀ɫǹâȴǽʮָܸϼ״һȣ
Ȼ¡ըûǰʱ죬ĵģЩֿܣȻڼɢţͬʱϸоԼһЩԾƺʲôǣ
ųϻɿʧޣգۼ󣬱кƾð˳ס죬סգס˵أǽ⣬ҲǴ͸
һ֣Ͼ;úȲ˳ѣǱˮ㣬˰һ
ŨѾżη
ż˳֪鲻˰ɣΪʲôҪ˵ô໰֪Ȧӵʱʲô𣿺ǺǺǡƫƫ㣡
ŭˡ
ҾҪŭ㣬Ȼô˾أ
ŭңҪۣ
СΪǸʵĵһʱ䣬Ҿܹһǹɱ㣬֪Ϊʲôûô֪ģ֪һ̣֤漣Ŀһ̣
ô˵ǸʲôᰵŮʵҲΪ֮ˣ
żûлش
֮ǰ᰹ɵҲǹˣֻҪһͻᰵ֣ôɵ
ȻֻгĬĬҲĬϣҲ˼
ͻطЦԭǰһУȫϷ㲻ث֣һαޱȣʮСˣͲɱŶԣ϶ϲ㣬ΪҲʮСˡ
Сѿ֮ûõģ
Сˣˣ㣬Ҳ⡣
ҵĵ̣šż岻֪ǲǱ£һȣ
ʱǺѹΧ
ϱоԼĴ粽ˣ˫Ǧǧ
ܶ𣿡żڲĮǷ̣ǵóѣֻǵһ滹кܶ㳢ԣ
ҧþȫȣ
ף
ż循һ켴֣Ѫ


561 ϼ޻ԭΪ
Ѫ
żнֺȳΧųϵЩһ˵꣬꣬ҲǴëֱ꣬ӴƤܹ͸˽ȥ
ԣתԪëףȴûһô
Щһ壬ֻ֣ųѪѪʹóﴫһϪˮ
üͷ壬ǰһУʵ̫ˣȻǷ쳣ȴǿԼ侲Ҫ
ţϱ߼ǰȥֵЩ
ü򵥣Ѫ˻Ԫȵȶֵܲܵסܹһ°ɡ
ȴϣЩèһɵѪҲҪֱҪ֮ӿ۾һסˣܣûôס
켴תסֻһӣúͶ
һζԵӱʾ˸лҪǿԪڤӣɲ֪ٻˣһսýǱ콣ľԪȫ
֮ôһͷΪϸоЩǻرǶԳ콣֮ǿ˲٣
ѪȻûЧǽ֮ȴڣҲûбֳϷͣزӣɫԽԽ԰ףһƬޱȵӡ
䣬żǲԼõֶΣǷǳģټϿǷģﻹһ˿˿ɣϵóĵʮ֪ϵ֮ڻԪڤӣ֪ԴԴϵ
żֻ˵Сڿɷ˭˭ǿˣ
ǿҲֻһͷβĵˣҧ˵ҽһһ
Ҫʲô׵ģҵܹһϵֻܿǺںһţȴ֪淢ʲô
󣿡һɻ켴ʵҲ˵˵ʲôҲ
˵á
ʹʲôɱ˶֪
ǣ
żش꣬ȴоЩԾüëһ壬ֺȳ֣Ԫ
ɲʱ䣬һŻ𣬽ϰΧŻȻ켫Ԫһ
ѪԪɱ֮Уͬʱڳ֮ϲͣӿ£ȴû³ʲôѪӸǵҶӣҡҡ׹ʵȴ㣬żشӿˡҲ֡
ΪѾ㣬磡
֮ǰű¶ŴƣԽѪսΪڣ绹пܲᱻ֪ģ֮˵пܣΪ֪ܲڸס硣
żڵȴųѪݽߡԪ߾κηһ̣ʱܽļƻִȥϲͣ£ȴ²һ˿ѪЦˣѪҲסɰ
Сôϲɣ񱩵ԼѪɣоż廹ڴϴųϡ
㵽ʲô
ҧгݵʵѾҡҡ׹˶ĵزʵϣȴڲͣź⣬Щ켫Ԫһٴξ뵤֮ڣٴδ
켫Ԫһϵϱ磬˿û˲¼ʮ磬žһͨһ켫Ԫһҵø飬ޡ
ǣ罫켫Ԫһʱúȥɣһһһһؼǿ켫Ԫһ𣬲⣬Ӧܹɹ
ֻϸտʼƲ磬һСģͽ켫Ԫһûˣڼţػءٴ֮󣬳ϲ˶
󣬳һ켫Ԫһǡô磬㽫켫Ԫһأǰɡ
һһƵػ
Ȼһɴţһ߻ʹޱȣҪȥϷ
żϵ⣬ȴЦ죬ϵѾԽԽС˵Ҷ壬֮壬Ȥ
仰켫ͼ˵ԭˡ㡭Ͳ¡Ǹھ𣿡
żЦһ˵ʦ岻֪ģôô˶ˣҲǷѾŽɱȻһСģ壬ʦҲ˵ʲôɣ
һ£ż˵ңõ壬ֻʮʱ䣬ΪһΪùĿľ괺񹦱ƻʦκˣҲٻصǰľ磬ҺαػҪ
ʵż嵱֮ʱо˲ʱû෨Ǹ֮ʱҲǱҪնɱͷֻǿϵǿͷ˱仯̰Уӵ֮壬УкôȻ˵
ˣż尲ɱ֣֮
Ϊҡᡭ㡭¡֮𣿡бʮֵŨɵ켫ԪһҲԽԽ࣬Ҳǽ켫Ԫһ޵޵ֿ֮Ǹ켫Ԫһ˷֮
ŵɵԽԽ֮࣬ԽԽǿҲֻһֽ֣˺ʳ仯
źʱѹ۵
ʱżˣЦҷôĹΪľԱãҪȻôܳ㽫׷ɱôԶĻ棿
Ȼϼ޻
˴˱˴ˣҲܲ򵥣ʱյĻϰһ治Ķ֣ǣ̫ˣɳ̫ˣΪԼ޵ˣҲûлٳɳˡ
żÿ˵һ仰ڳķһ㣬˵仰֣
ʱһɹֱϮͱסһ˿һãг˾ʵ⡭ǡʲô
Ҹ׼Ĵ񣬷ôѪȻҪ֮壬ȻҲܱٻڣ㻹Ա𣿡
ż˵ţ
·ʮߣ۾ؿţ̾Ƶ⺷ͻؿһź˰ΧҲ˲ɳһźô¶ŸղһС
Īϡªϸüͷ壬ޱȡ
Ϲϵִﶫǣȴûп뿴ǸˣֱĿⶢźţҷ翴ᰵ֮䣬˵ӿ𼫴ز
պ֮Уֲ̬ˣżԽԽļƻҪʵ֣ɼЦҲԽԽŨ
֮󣬹ż֣Ҫȥϵӡ
ǻɢĿ⣬ͻһ


562 磬ͷ
ǸоһоҪɹЩ֮УżȻǵĨЦ۾ƾ⣬ԥأżԶ˶ȥ
ˣ
ڹż˵һ˲䣬֣
ţһ磬ں֮Уƾ֣žһݺڹżϣ
żѼɫȦһ粢δϡã
Ȼǧ֮һϢһ绯ʮʮֳɰٵ
ʱżɫȦ߽⣬ƬƬѣżɫ䣬ϽҪȦôö죬һ֣һϡá
ң۹żܵܵö죬綼ӰΣ
ż𾪣ǾԵױȣУ췢ŭʱٰĴڣôΪһգ
磿СӾȻܿ磡
⣬ӴеĹż廹վżʱžǰ⣬û뵽ô࣬ȴǵ͹㣬ûҪǿҪ
żѾôѪɫ԰һƬȻһƬһƬͷ磬޾ɣ
ܿƵ粻ԪڤǿṩԭȻ޾˶٣˶٣ʩŶ٣
˵Ѿͷôʱ䣬ͷŵģɵ٣Ͼÿһ綼ô֣ôܼ
ȥУż⣬ԶȥһͷֱȥǣҪܵĹԶǽһ練ɱֻҪͷһƬ磬Ȼʧˡ
ʱżӣˣҪٲɾͱѶһ
һ˲䣬ʼżȵؽ
Ѫ

ֱѹȥŨӿӣϱ濴ƸңżǹҲɫâǹͷǹâ˺ϮϣżҲͬǹһ㣬һǹâųϳȥɫǹֱָ̫Ѩ
ϽøˣһʮֻңҪֹżɱǰģ
żأд⣬ּʲôɱУǹâѾնڳϣеѪ۳֣ż忴Ѫۣ䱸ǹâǸ߽ʣǹâնĻҲᱻն飬ǰǱն˵Ѫ۶ѡ
³һѪ֮󣬹żǹ̫Ѩ֮࣬ۿҪУ֣סǹ
ﬡϣ
޴Ľײ쳹Ƭռ䣬Цɱǹһ֮أ
֮
ĸùżĶ䣬һƬȻ󲨡
˿̣ǹ赲֮£÷ֺ
һɲǣȭ
ż岻㲻ҲȭӲײֻȭͷʱƽǰСȭײһɲȴǱǵһ֮Բ
˶ޱȣҫŴ۵ĳɫâ
飡
żֱоӿһɾȭͷϰΧŵسҲɢȭͷϵָǣҲѣڸ̾ڳϵͬʱҪȭͷ֮еĺʱż۾ͻ
Ϊ˾ֵܳһĻ
ǺȻƵȭͷð˳ҽ壡
Щǹż崴һ£Ȼ˺Ǻڳ˵ģһ㶼Ҷ񱻳ϴżõͷţû˵ĺҲʼѪ
ңѪȸտʼڳѪٶȿ˰ٱǧ
֮ΪϴĺǾѹѹģŨȱ֮ǰŨ˰ٱǧȻ͸
һĻǹżҲû뵽ģ𾪸
żʹȭͷ˲ήȥѪٲһֱк⻹û꣬绹ϣëֱһںڣɫȦһʱҲٲܼ
ΣżǹҪ
Ȼôżߣڳϻûаؽ˫ŸƶҪսֻܽż
ǰʹ಻״ʹùżɱǰϷ档
Ȫˮ
һȣȪˮɲʱͽżȪˮһ֣Щ
ף
ţͷų˺ףʱ֮ȪˮͬżһסǹҲ
ƽʱ׻潫żסڹżش֮£ż岢ƿ׵ı֮Ҳ˲ȥڳϵĹΧ֮ڡ
Ҳʱȭѹʮ岨ҳ
ͬʱ֮ȭʵڹżؿڣ
żܴ˾ؿڱҵðȥһ룬ϵ߹ǸǸѿһ̲ѪӹżĿ罦ں֮УѪͲĹż壬³һѪ֮Σ
ңڹżǰȥؿڴһź
ʼʩżסٸһȭǣһȭͷ̫ҵùżֱȥȻûзʩųףһνżס
ͬһʱ䣬Ӵָȡסǹƴس
ż屻һϵҵĹˡ
˫ǿ־֮⣬ת˲֮䣬ֱ˷ŭ׵ķŭ
һסЩںױ֮½ɵȪһһѷ죬ǲϵͷźףϵر
żһͷľޣѣо֮ʹ֮ʹѪ֮ʹڱƻ֮ʹ
ʱżҲͷų켫Ԫһ𣬵ֿס׵ĺ׻׽Ԫ಻عźףͬʱѪĺƳ
ֻһżǹĿûôǿˣ뽫ǹڴָóסղȥ
ȭƴһ
㽫ǹ˳˹ż֣
˱ɳȴûһ֮ɫأʩչŵĺףҲֹͣΪǱѹżֵǹԹ֮ƣϹ
Ȼǹżı
ż֪סǹóǹ˼ڳʹʱͻȻ֣ǰһɲǣǹһɴ
ǹͬᴩһ㣬ֱ̳Դ
һ뽫ǹһȥǣǹ̫ٶ̫죬Ͷһȥֱ϶
ԥأϼۣ֮ţ֣ʷȦ
Զ˹żĿŭ


563 ר
żóǹ֮ʣ
Ĺż壬ٲǰĮһо֮ģһǱѪȻƳ˺ĴҲ٣ҲôȣΪ켫֮󣬵һα˱ɱ˾ء
˿̣ǹײ֮ϣ֮۵ûбƣǣȴż
һٴӭǹ
һ˲䡣
ż嶯ˣŭֱɱϣﻹ˵㲻Ҫҵǹûǹȡ
ǹײһ𣬺Ϯӡ
ǳܶϱܴܽݵ֮УйطԼȻڱסá
ֻ͹żϢ֮Ļ
ϵֱˣˡ
żȴһѻưĳ³һڶ˵Ѫ
ǹۿҪײʷȦ֮ϣ˵ǹ̺ܣھ֮ۺĵֵһʣµһȻСӡ
ʱ̧ȣŽ𼦶
żѾֽɱܽ˵ҵزǵһҪܶһôҷ治˵ǣҲٸˣ֮岻ôҲˣҪ
գۼ䣬ǹʷȦ֮ϡ
ͬʱǾۼʮ岨صزȥգ
ż忴׳ôؽҽȥΪʲô
ֻǼٳɱ
žžž
ʷȦڵֵϢ󣬱ǹˣۿҪ̴Դûаֳɣֱѹʮ֣Ѫ֮ץסǹ
һȣӽûܽסͣ£
µһ̣ǹҲ÷ֺǯסѪӳǹϣ
Уҽز£ȵúһҡɢȥļ
Ȼã
һٴξٴţһţȴҪǰһΣɵöࡣ
żɫһ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôɱٶȸ죬ҵĵ̣Ҿ죬Ҫͱ
ר죡οһֻûֵϹϷ༥ţոնµǹֱӴż壬żϳΪϹŭϵƣҪһٱǹɱȣҵǹ׿Ƶģ
ھ϶ĺҶܿƵˣοǹҲҿ𣿡Ц˵ǹѹһһֱѹǹ֮£ھѹ֮£ǲ
Уżﲻһɺ⣬Ѿ֣ܷܳˣΨмɱȥɱˣ
䣡
Ԫ۵ĳǹײһɲǼ䣬٣ǹǹҲǲƲ
ǳ٣̺ܣȴǹ˳ϵ壬ֱӿչɣ׽Ԫ켫ԪһǳϢ֮
УͬأżڣҲϮһɿ񱩵ȴûûб̬飬ɣֻԪԴԲΪѹơ
ǣͷų磬žž£ùżԽۣѹƻһʱȣкٻ塣
ɨҶһ㡣
żֱӸɨòȱ˿
ۡ
ż£³ȴʲôʺѪҺǻɫɫҺ壬΢΢Щɫʺ֮ɫ٣ȻżڴʧѪˡ
ǰϿ£ȴʲôҲ²һ
ֻǻαװģڵĹż²Ѫˡ
ڹżѪʱ򣬳һ̤£𵴸ͣżӶ֮ټٴҽ
һؾ֮УϷ֣йӦ֮ˡ
ָоǰֹٴΣߵļ
ԳΪʵ߼Ļ٣κżһս̫̫̫ˣѲ֪ѹ˶ٲ
ȻĿһݣ͸ŵȫǼ㣬ҽѹսܵĪķɣҲҪۼΪҪţŷɣܱȥá
Ҫţ͵ҪƵؽ򣬳ֶΣҲֻܳΪһӣ˼ҹŵȹż建عѹŭ֮󣬹żѡսվĹΧ֮⡣
ټ֮þ֮ʱ
ǻżͻһһһһظ
ҽѹϻǹҲѹûмͷ磬Ǿۼһ磡
һ岨߲ʮ
ѹʮ֮󣬳ûмѹȥϾڿݽߣоƵǹҲܲ˸
磬һʮʮ
Ͻ֮ǰȥһС磬ʮۺʮһ
ʱǹ׼ż壬Ȼ˹ȥֱţ
ż壬ûĺ£ոѹסǹҪԶ˵أƺôʰĪϵСӡ
ϧͷ𣬹żƿ
һǹǰǰ⺷
żŵΣյζһɫȦ£һһֻĴָСĺ飬ڿУ
Щǹײں֮ϡ
𿴺ֻĴָСȴǵֵסڡɱڵǹżһҪſ³ʲôͷ֮ϣͻһִֻĵߣ˺˺ŭ
żоΣգûаԥ³һĴָСģİɫֱ죬Ҫֵס硣
ͬʱǺҲסǹȥֵ硣
żΪǹֵЩʱ䣬ѾǹĴ󲿷ܸˣʣµһЩ˵ɫȦơ
ǹˣżҲſסǹ
ϵһӲͬɢŻܵ磬ȴǲһУпܣⱾҪɢܵӣ÷ѿ
һɿǹֱǰ档
ǹҪײɫȦ֮ʱҽٴβ¡
µ˲䣬ȣ
䡪
ž
ʱǹըҲ
ǹȻһţ
ֻǺǹըɵϿգպ£ɫըɵһߡ
ըɵķǳϵķ
ǿ׽
ҽŲʵǱ𵴵ϡ


564 ɱ
ˡ
ۼϡ֮ϲаֳɣֱ̤¾ŴΡ
Ŵβ̤󣬺ԽȻ
֮ȻڣԳ˵𷴹Ȼް
ڲȵʱ򣬻ץסǳĴָСĺɫ飬ûȥϸ̽쵽ʲôֱӽָżȥ
߱Եĳϣ¾Ŵ֮ܵķɣأ·̽ǧϸһʹӹﴫ
óϺ޲Ϣһ£ֻҪôһ͸֮£ָ
ȻȴϢһһ롣
Ŀǰ棬Ǹ˼ѪŴȻܰװ˷ѣҪȡ
ż壬ڳϲɢʱѾشǹıըӰ죬ûлɫ
ɫȦ飬ʵϡ
䣡
ùżƤѪɣ㱣˼άľȴûֱӽΪǺɫ飬аɫټɫȦôһ
żոЩ񣬱㿴ɢ˺ɱɴһ۾¶ֺͷŭĸץסɫ飬תӣشٶҲǰǰݣܱٶϵơ
ţżﻹţ̽ǲڵϣΪ׼ܱôױƵƣֲ̫ǿò񻰾ˣЩɲû˺Ϊãڽ֮£ֵҲƽ·֮ǰ״һ켫Ԫһ𣬸տʼ˺ͦ󣬿Խ棬ȴоԽɣ켫Ԫһڹڸůһ
ʵ̽һ㣬ʮǿֻǸպ˳ϣˣżͬΪĴڣҲɹżΪż˵ǰ㣬ĵ̣˭˭ͱ
żٶϵٶҲǴӰ졣
ǳϻ֥ɺ棬֮ǰûзų֥ɺ棬֥ɺдʧϾһڽعſʱھ۳֣֥ɺգۼһƬżΪҲܸߣڣʹˮ֮ʱʱʱ
ɲʱ䣬߰ٶâֱ̹żȥ
ɱУ
żʱٶȣȻǱȲ֥ɺģһ֮£Ŀ裬ϣȫԹƴѹեԪȦȦҲɫֻһɫ
ͬʱż̷һŵҩǱݽߵԪʱһ㣬˹Ԫ켴Ϸճ켫Ԫһ
켫ԪһȻԵޱȣ֥ɺոսȦƣͻ켫Ԫһʮֻ֥ɺ汻յϼ״Ͻ֥ɺ泷롣
֥ɺ治ͣѪ켫Ԫһ𻹲һӽǷմнֻ֥ɺ˳ǣкüʮֻ֥ɺ棬ûӳǽǼ̽˹ż塣
ǺżǼʧѪӣشʣѪֱ֥ɺһ֣ȻֻϢʱ䣬żͽǼʮֻ֥ɺɵˣѪվʧȥˣһȥٻˡ
ңôһʱϴż֮ľ룬ɱ׷Χ֮ڣ
ϸ뷨ʩչ繥Ҫٴο˵Ĺż壬ͻȻϮȻҵĲϵĻ棬紵𣬹żһȣӾȻ֮ȥ
սǣһȵһҲ˵֮ǰǿ󲿷˶ΪˣԵˣֻΪԲΪߣʵ̫ǿˡ
ϵãһ֮󣬺ȻɢˣٴοԵĻ棬ȴλԲʾǿߣڱ׷ɱ˿̸Ǳɱˡ
Ϲܿ˳ϣϴ˿̵òսѪսָıòϻţϹܿʪ۾ϲ֮⡣
ҷ罫һУ֮۵ףԹ޴ޱ޼ʵӳӿ϶ǰǸ뷨ﻹֻʱûѣһᱻʦġ
ٻصѪȲҵսϣżտʼɻصϣһżͻؼӿӣ͵һӣڴ֮ϣȥͲӰ
Ҳˣӳ˳ϵ׷Χżһ
ȻùżӳҲʯһ㣬ֱ׹£ͬʱӺ֮õĵҩȫ̷븹
ʱĴ߷֮£Щҩ֮ȫ߷ųϵ壬ǸѾתýУתٶȶȻӿ죬ɿݵҲ
һοٵѹ
飡
׹أûżѭ£ֻǽʮҽţ̤ڵأһƬҡسɳ÷ϯ֮ǣҲо𶯡
żӣڵصһͣ켴㣬ܵø죻ͬʱڷȡŴ֮һЩϴӴָͳضλϣ
ԭż׼һɱ󣬴ɱﻹɺ̽󣬻ɱҪǳϢĸУòô鷳ˣֻϧСӸȥˣûϵ
ϲ֪żڵص׾ʲô֪ͣùżŪЩǸһĶҪùżóѵĻϹԼʮа˾ŻøľΪٲǰǰպ˺
ԣԾ˿УһأԽأӵңֻƣֻиԹעʮ岨ԪУ
һϢ䣬ƽӴأ
粨˰һһ֮£ش˿̣ûҡžһƬ
ڳϻصһɲǣص֮µĹż壬ͻУԥأѾһɱظǱȥûǱף׷ɱ
䷶Χ㣬żƴ֮⣬
ʱϺȳˡ֡
ŭԲǧ׵ȫգڳƻصһֱӳַԲʮ׵ģ׵ӣĴԽĵطԽࡣ
֮µĹż壬Ҳܵۡһڣ³ģȴȫˮ
ϣٴԾ˿УȻ˴ҩָ˲Ԫָģȫϳʹõģˣϵ壬һαĥ
֣֣ܻȥ
ϰοԼһѾεļ⣬һκأ
ż׳ϽҪʲôһصҲȥǸɱ󣬶ǳųԾջδĿ϶α˳һѳǹƬƬ켫Ԫһնϡ
ңһƬ켫Ԫһ֮Уż廹ǿĴָСİɫ
ϱҪ˫ƻżǰɫ飬۾һ⣬˫۵ȫӿ֮Уɫ顣


565 ۵
ɫϮһ̣ϱһΣ֮С
ˣϵһʱ䣬ȡ֣
żӳɫ֮󣬱񱼶ˣֱ˵ȫش󣬾վ۾ִδйɫʣĳشľ
ʱ֮䣬ɫ飬Ѿҵײһ
¡죬ŭڣըķﳾɳգԶĹսߣɱס䣬ǹԵ͵ģֱһѪػԡ
Ҳɾըһ˿ˣȣѾڴ֮УֱûϥȴȻֹס֮ƣǿұۣҲǷ飬ϼ⣬һһ飬ѳһһƣҷɢ̲סҪ³Ѫ
ꡪ
󣬳ͣסȴѾ׿⣡
ϵ˫ȣڵص׻ףһѴڴϼһӣ
ͣ󣬳Ϸ˫ȴӵصװγ³ǿ֮ʱٹ켴ɫЩһһżȥʣֻ֥ɺ棬ػڳҡ
ŵͬʱӽʱָղ̷ҩָԪֽӽڽߣϺˣܵ£һ£ζڳȥģǲľǹɡ桱־
ɵʹĹ
ϴ֮һ㼱ٸﻹᰣɱھŲ㹥ż壬ǰż崦۷״̬ʱҽɱھŲӣڴʱ˵Ĺż˵ھŲɱͳ˴һ㣡
ʩչھŲɱ֮䣬ҲܣӾҵزƴš
ż忴֮䣬˵ǰͲðһɱˣǷߺޣȴòֻһɫķȦ켫Ԫһ
߳ʮʱ֮˳ߣ֮佫ᰵݸŹż棬ȡᰵԪˣȡĴָĵҩóһ£һ֮䣬˵ɵ
֮Щɻȴؽҩȥ֮ҧű˵һҪԡ
ɱٳԡ
⻰֮ư˼죬ż壬̺ؽʩչھŲɱҲʣµһ뵤ҩ£ͬʱӧ֮䡢ᰵָֻеԪʯ޺֮࣬УԪʯ޺Ԫ
ָֻƷԪʯ٣޺Щ٣ø߽ڴָ޺ˣô򵥣ôͨģ
ָ滹һЩϲʶģҲһָ档
Сӣҵġ
żҧг˵һݺ֮˵꣬óһŵҩҩɫʮֵޣҩн۵
䵤֪⡣
֮ף
㵽ʱ˵ú޺޲ѣԳϺ֮ѪǵĹż廹Щԥ۵Ȼڼ̵ʱڣһΪǣ֮ҩĴۣµĺ֢Ҳ൱ش
۵ʦ˵ý۵ߣһΪֹֻͣ۾磬ǰһ
ĴۣһܹܣһЩֻ۾統յܹܡ
ż壬۽ֻһ֮ңĿյ㣬ۣ𣬻֮󡭡˵ûյ㡣
Ҫ˳̷۵ĺȷʵֵܲã
ǣżȴò£
̣ˣܻţžͻϣ
ż۾۵£ҧÿ֨֨죬һɱ׳ζԺﻹĥţһҪ֮ռݣ̫ܣ˵Ƴ۵ĺ֢
һ̣ż˺ھ۵Ľ
۵һ븹żϱɢһηϢϢüԶ֮ǣɫһƬ԰ף˫Ȳѡ
ªϸȴûаӰ죬ֻ۾ͬߵǸСŮҲûһӰ죬ȻϸСŮСŮ۾ȴǽųϣüţüţʲô
ĪҲһң۾˸ţϢ֮ܣԾڶǰ棬Ǵսȥ
ªϸ۾һ
Ԫʯ֮ĳϣҲһ飬۾ﱬ⣬˲֮ƽƽƽ֮£ȴžκˣ
ͬİɫ죬Ҳս˴ָ֮վĳһ֥ɺӵȴ
켴ϲԽԽٶԽԽ죬ߵߣٵܣ׹ذ㣬ż壬ż͵ۣһ͵㣬ȵ֮٣Ҳɣ
ƾʲô
ƾڣʣۣ
ֻһֶѣ˵ţ˲͵˸ղ˫Ų֮ҽһ壬׳׵һһͷҧż壬ȵʣҾնʣۣ죬Ҿɱۣ
£Ծգ˹żǰż岻ֱܲһץסȻһ׳ɢɻң˴ء
𣬳Ϲ׷ΧڣżûˣʩչżȴûʲôӰһ϶پףлͷ
ϺȻȭһȭȴǰǰͣ˵ѹǽڼҪʹ࣡
ҪսҾսҿΣ
ż֮ʹҪڳķ棬ϸնɱ۳켫Ԫһ𽣣ն֮䣬ƳɱȭȭͷӲһ
飡
죬ӵɻȥҵڵأ
أĵأٴκż壬ż廹һʩʩȻӣһֻ˶ȭһαҷɡ
˵ûõģ֮ơ
Сǿһڿնɱż壬˵ţֻΪǣֻԪֻǿأ
䣬ȭ˷ɣ
վĨȥǵѪִŵأٴι˵ڵѪ˰ɣЦг֣ٴαҷɡ
ٹ𣬡Ѿˣˣ廵ˣԪͣΪٸߣʲôãʲôãֻ壬Ǹ
ż۾һ˿֮⣬ͬʱ˿ҡ
żûǳȭ
飡
ֱҵ׿⣬ڹżУһվûвҽУûб֮ɫеֻЦݣΪõЦݣеֻǣ
һ˸ĵïʢдУ֦ѾǧҲֻǱѣһ紵㱻
ڵ㣬һ˸
ϵĹһϮһεĹǰξͬ


566 ŭɱ
սѾãɫڣ
ż̷۵ۣ
ʡ޿ˣ붫ǲԶʣ˦ˣһֱǶ
ս
ϵʮ߸ҲԶûڱս·ϵĪϣҲûףǣǸªϸȴһоⱬ˼ţ꣬Ҳ˵һ仰
ªϸ˵Ļû׳ɱż壬һΣ˫ȭ֮Уʮղ̷Щҩ˴Ԫʯ֮òײŻ
֮ǰιûһΪȴףΪҪս۵ĹżһִùżΪȷôһˡ
гϹôִ٣ȴΪżոͻƾ磬һΪ϶ЩȣԣϲܸȶĻʱ䣬ҲҪϣ켫Ԫһ˺Ѿ̫
żⷬǸøۣ֮ޱ飬֮ǰǰ㣬ۻȭӭϣ
ǣżԶԶϵǰƽѾӿˣһֱ׷ģҲڶҡԺĥһǸǸǸôǿ֮ΪնɱʣǲǾΪ塭
ȹż꣬˫ȭϮ
ȭǰżŸоǻȭ˲ϰٱһ˲䣬Ѹײһ
䣡
ȭɢ켫ԪһĴɽ
ż˳߲
˵켫Ԫһ𣬿ΪһȭʹǸոշҩĳۣʹǾ绹δȶĳۣ۾ۣô׶ԸϱݺˤڵϣڵֱףһѪ
塭żš
һ˼أûһӣŴأԺȴǻڰ׼ҴڵһĻһȭһȭҵڵأֻһһε㵽˹ͷ֧
һĻǰһĻƣ
ǻһʿ㲻ϵˣڣѾܹնɱ߽ʵȻĶ֣ҲӸ߽ʦ˳ۣҲߵ֮𣬱켫Ԫһ
ǰվڣͬվ𡪡
ҧţᶨĿ⣬˿˸תȫֳŵأվ̧ͷʧĹż壬˵壬ĻˣôصȴܽѾ۵ˣⲻõ˵𣿶ңѪֻҪʮȭȭģ˸ͻᱻݻˡ
żһϣ۾зŭøżͻطһ㣬㣬Ҫ㣬ҾģҪɱ㣬ɱ㣬֮ǰҲҪɱ㣬ɱ㣬ӣӡ
ż뵽ʲôͻϳЦݣҵǻˣûлֻҪҶ壬һжûⰡûѪҾѪ
ЦУż峯ϳ
Ҳóѵġ˵ţҪƴǣ̫أֻһ룡
ۿżĻȭҪȴһ޺
ϺϤԺܡ֣
ûȳϻͷȥѾվ˳ϵǰ棬ۿȥѾյ߽ףǰ˽ף
ܣôˣ߰ߣߣߣߣ
˲ϲ֮ȴǽŭ˵˵ɣҲӹż壬ǣ׹ż壬ǿܲöԸ
Ȼֻǻعͷ¶ǰǰɵı飬תͷХض㣡
ⴷض֮Уαþ޴ϰٳߣ
ţͨ۳һСɽż˹ȥӳȥ
û뵽㻹һ˻
˵ţżһȭɽ÷飬ĽŲһ£żԾգһܣ
ֱðŭ𣬱׼ؼʱ̲ųһ񣬳Ϻԥ䷢˹֥ɺҲΧȥҪܣﻹȵܣһ
ȴ޷˵سɱ
Уһש£ʱǳɽɽֱҹż塣
ĪϡϿשһȣĪϣ뿪
ĪҲǸ˳һЦݣżնɱȥ
վվ
Ͽûƴվ
ż忴Щ˵һ䣬Сȫûã£ż۳𽣣նששնȴȻһżһףȴԲϣֱӴһ켫Ԫһ𣬽שסȵ
켴żһŻ𣬸ס֥ɺӣĽţܣȻųޱȣżһܻûбʱѾоҪȼһ㣬ܻûˣš
ܵżʱֱֱۣӸ۶ϷûˣҲȼڣ߷ɵԶ
ͬʱһѻУĪϡ
ͻأԺһץպץס
͵һˡ
ż˵һѽپһ˿ϵҲһеĪҲСһ
ϿһУܵĲ״Īϵƣ˫Ŀŭ

һХϴӵϱԾһ㣬ż塣
ż廹óϲȭͷţЦƣѾ;ĩ·ˣ˵ǷܶԣǸһлģ
飡
żȭͷݺݴڳţŵʱȥ߹žžضѣɳϵӲûȥ
ȴǳԼżһ
żһ㶣ͬھܷżʩչֽŻ㣬ֱȥҲֵĪֻ˫֣ס˹żӣ˫ţסż˫ȣ
գۼ䣬˫˫Žżסˡ
˵䡣
ϻԪڤ٣һȦһȦزϡ
ʱϲЦŶԽǰĹż˵ҲԱġ
ʲôżЩңֻΪ̫ˣżô֮УʲôʱƦһƴɱ
㲻ռҵ˭ռ˭
Цţʮָͷֱ˹żĺмתŹżԪ켫ԪһͬʱЮƴ
ϵݣҲ
ԪڤٻڷɿشţһȦһȦһȦ


567 ˺
½ǿߣͶ䣬䲻͵컻գȴҲɽõѣˮϣ÷Ʊãǧ֮ңնɱˣȡ׼
ңǶǷ緶ԵƮƮøǣ
Ȼ˿̹ż壬ȴڳӴһŤɱޱǱĲ״
켫ԪһȻԵܹԪڤֱٳɻҽɹżȴܽٶϣңϻƴؼԪڤ٣ȫȻǧҾʹǧǧļʽ
ƣ㵽Ҫʲô㻹𣿰
ޣ
³һӹżͷҧûжѪ⣬Ϊĵ˵ʲôںƴߣʸΪߣ
˵ţ͵ҧȥͬʱ˫ȡԪٶȣ죡
ſңַſң
żǻˣ³һ⣬ЦȻ֣ƫſ㣬Ҿһһڽӣҧ壡
⻰飬ż˾⣬ֱ߶ӣӣʮķӣ㲻ſҾʹ㣬㣡
˵꣬ż˶ĻȭͣϺȥȭͷƱ꣬Ϭܼ
žʹҧţţ˵ҵ£
£Ͻȫ۳һѽ֮£͵عżżڼŭ֮壬ͻرһ㶣ϳûѹżڵأѹ¡
żع֮󣬸ǱŭˣεѣŭҲǷһ㣬ֻ켫ԪһȭֱҳͷϷŵż֮󣬲ûֹͣ˴֫סż壬ʹڴϹԽԽ졣
һż˫ȭͼΪԽԽظоԼڵԪڿʧֵ㾹ҡԪ
ɱ㶼գۣοԪӵ˵Լ̫ˣ㲻Ҳ޵УӣûԪ˶磡
żһеĹֶΣеһУǷԪ֮ϣûԪʲôĺ
ʵ󣬵ǹżһתֺۣ֮Ԫ󺣣þһܴԪȡ޻ã
˵ţżûȭ£³һѪ⣬׼żԴֱײȥײţ˵ԪǴ󺣣ҲɸɺԣԪΪõֺ𣿡
£Ϻ󱳱һУתɿ죡
ʱżɫ䣬еԪ۽ľˮȫǸӿȥҪȡԪҪǸ
ǣǸ̫ǿżԪûĵԪֻ࣬ա
ùżľǣ켫ԪһҲǸӿȥ⵽ô¶Ҿһģ
⣬żǱײ࣬ײԺԴôҲ벻ףѾΪˣȴǲܽƣֻΪСɱ
ϵӣϵǿţʲôͭƤǻҪǿٱǧشĹҲǲԣϵǿԴżԴͲǶ֣
żò֪ˣֽץסϵԴóײһʩųΪ켫ԪһҪϷپ
ǣûá
ͻʵ۴ˣ׽ԪأĳϢԪأôóأڿ֮ʣ
żһͣƣ֮Ԫ֣֮ʱȫѾ˳
ҲǲһţΪ֮󣬳ϾûпżʩչԪ֮Ԫ֮֮һʣҪ֤ǲ档

ż͵زҽ
ȴǳʮָͷԪżĺﴩ̣˿̣Ȼ̵ǰ߹֮ץס߹ǣֱһ۶ϣѡ
˵ӿˣٸߵΪҲûõģ˵ţһһŹż߹ǣмǣżʲôʱĲ޵ĲҪޡ
żûܹľʹѾʹŤˣ󣬹żһ˳ԾĶҲſڣҧȥ
״ϹЦ۴ˣĲУȻѡСĹʽ
Ц̶ܴżȴǹ˲࣬ڣֻȥҪģֻҪ˵еģöԷһ֣öԷѪһΣԼϣҲԽ
żҲǿ֮ĩʱ򣬱ȵľǼ֣˭ռ˭ӵлȨ
Ϊҵ壬ͺһ縯ľ𣿡
ϾŹż壬Ҫùż御ر

żҧȥȴҧá죬ֱݸţϱƴԪҪִֻӹżǰش̳ͬʱ˵Ӳȣܱȵϳ콣ܱȵǸʲôǹ𣿱Ȳϣǽȫҧ䣬Ҳҧһ⡣
һҽУż۾ӶʹñҪƣֵƣ˼ܽϵѪҧ£ȴҧֺ֮
âһżھۻеԪֵסϴ̵˫֣켴˳ϵһ˿ڣ۳ɫѪ˿дȥ
˵⻹á
Ͼϻûȫ켫Ԫһӿǵ˿ڣֵס켫Ԫһ˺ȣȻˣǴ˽ƻųϵ壬֮󣬻ӡ
ƴţ˷һ˿ԪԪȵȣȫֻӿȥڻһżԱһ
һ
ΪϺޱһԪȵȣҲǳϵӣҲˣֻǲƤһǿӲ
żΪҶĿ꣬˫ۣ棬ӶȥиȥֻżЦնֱϵоҿ㻹Ϊְɣȥɣ
⻰ģסˣôһ֮󣬻ع
عĳϣЦøˣ˵ҪնֱϵľЦǿЦֱûоն
ܣûоġ
żǲţֻΪǹô˵½ĳʶûо֮ˣ䣬˵ôǿˣǰڳѪƴնţѪ˳˿罦
ֻЦţٱ⡣
żԼҲԽԽԾˣԣն˳ֱϵľֻ֣ôô
˵ҵ壬壬ǲһģǿһкܶ಻һϿŹżǴżĻңЦ˵ҲֱûоȫûоҴӳһ𣬾ľ֮ˣ
ܣ
ҵľġ
ܣ
żͬʱҡ־Ҳʧء
һ̣
ϺȵҴ
ϻ˫ϵˣ͵һӽż嵲סֻǰԪɢѸײڶ֮ƣƹżǰأ
ҿһȣ
ɿţջֻﱬ޴⺷
һ˲䣬ż壬˺ѳˡ


568 Ĺ飬С
ɱкַܶʽ
֮תӲе裬ڲ֪֮УȻȥ
Զǧ֮⣬⽣âһͷأѪգ
ٱһһһ̶ˮ
ǧޣѪȣ
Ȼǧ֮УӾײģ˺ѣƾһ˫Ѫ֣֮˺룡
رΪ͵ģ˺Ϊߵġ
㣬Ϊ۵Ĺż壬˺룡
һȣһ
ŭ
żҽлûдӺĳͱڿˣǷɢһһҵ۾ӣпֻţױȵĿֻţоǲģŭԹ޵ȵȵȵȸָ
һУڶޡ
˺ӵһ˲䣬żдǵѪҲ˳ڳϵϡϣһѪ
¶ЦݣǻĿЦݣζǲܹżɱ¾οЦݣһγԽҡս޵ĳɹЦݣʹȴҸŵЦݡ
ԶвߣԴӳϽż尴ڵأʱǰ˲٣Ծյģľż㣬ԺﲻϲŸղſǸ棬ǸȾѪӰɽ㣬ѹ߲
ͬʱǸǲҴĵߣûˣһǿ󲻿սʤɣŹżȥҲˣţԭһڵˣҲ˶ѡ
һƬžûкûҲֹҲѾµҹɫǺƲУȻһ£ʺѪ
һѪ£չң
ϹֱֱܿվӰøˣÿһᶼڻرţҷ翴ʦ汻룬ȫ־öֹعͷϹܿı飬ϵղ֤ʵ뷨һ֮ƣð˳Ҳƣһڵӣûŵתӣǿѹ¿־壬Ϲܿߡ
ûᣬվ·һУ͸ôһ¶ֻһ䣺һ漣
嵶Ȱǧߣ۾ӿ˿ȣÿһѪڷڣ
ʮߣ뼯֮УضΪΪž֮ʱһ̶ƬĬƣҪս㣡ܲµһˣ
仰ʮߵӣ㼯˵ϣĸ׳գȻ˵ĻǰǽԲʾǿ߶ˣȥսǰ
Ǳɣǰˣԣô˳
̫ˣ˭սս㡣

һƬ֮УһӰ˿УǷۿȥȴҲһһ߽ģͷԣòһͲʲôöƫƫҪװһ˵ģưɨЩΪ͵ߣ˵ǲҳ֣
ʮͦ࣬ģ治ô࣬رǸ߽ģǾ͸ˣ߽Ϊû˸սҪתϷ̤նȥʱһսɱң
ܻͷȥһؿ˿ڣлһ˶˵ˣ嵶һ߽ΪȻ˵ҲҵĶ֣һָͷ㡣
ңǧеһˣվվ嵶
ң
ң

һʱ֮ڣǧߣȫվһܣ嵶ȵɱǣʸȥս򣬾͹
߽һ߽ȡ֣ǲȻ⣬ҶԸ߽ǰҲֻСķݶ
ɫѿ֮վսƣΪ棬϶˵ˣΣһڿ϶ҪƵͷȥһǰ̡
սƣΪˣѾԵֻҪԶָͷܽƸɱңܰƵˣħޣǱߵϡ
û뵽Ȼ˸վһˣǧˣ
һ߽һָͷҷ𣻿ɰǧ߽رͬķװȥƴɱǾ׶༪ٵĽ
Ȼû꣬ԽԽߣ嵶վһ𣬶̶̼ڣսԽˣЩ벻ףΪʲôô˰ƣƿһڵĵˣǾͲһ
Ѿ̨֪ʱһ߳ǰǱĹҪսǰʹǱӦӦ𣿡
ʲôʱǱĹ
ýϳ٣ڳż忪սúģȻ״̬˿Ӷˣо־ǣһϢǹϢŨζɫѾò԰ˡ
ﻢ£ȴǼǣųϺƣԼ˵ʮգ˭ս㶼ܾѵڲҽҵսѵҪʧ𣿡
ϷδţʰżԪˣĴָתĪϺܣŶ˵Ҫս͹ɡ
嵶˳ﺬȰ롣
ֻЦЦЦݺ䡣
ܸоǹϢҲɢٴ⣬æǰ
׼𣿡ܸûǰ˵ĳϷֻڵǹϢ˵Ը㣬Ҫ׼𣿡
ܻ䣬ͿϴԭʧˣƵʱܶʱ۾һӰæȭ൲ӰȻϮ
飡
ܱһߵ˵ϣҳһӣûеӰ£Ų£һŽһţܵݵԽԽ
С󣬻ţţţ
ʮףһףףס
ܴѪؿѾ߳һѪѪܵģܻˣ־ģȫһתǰҴˣǰĹңҲսˣ
ҪսңҪޱ˵Ӧң㻹һ֮
˵꣬һŲ£̤ܵͷ­ϣʱ䣬ԽѣѪĽϿһֻۣž˷ѵԭȡĴָԾӣ
ҽһ壬ܾͱڵصף
Ͽǰȵ˭Ҫսģһ
ȫٴ𾪣˭ǰսڻţѵûܶصˣȻ⺷
Ⱥ֮УЩĿ˸ߣû˳ȥ
ֱֱվ裡
һڣھ˵һ棬ŸոѿĹżƣɫ󺧣͵һվھҲ˵Ͻɽɣʣһ㣬Լܴ
һ˵ͷֱɽȥ
һɽȣΧһϷһˣʮ㣬ɨһȦ˵һҪɽˣ˵˵Ǹ


569 
٣һƴɱܾ֮ٳʰо֣һӣֻü׼ơ
ٵӢӣûͷûҡͷÿɷ񣬰Ŀɨˡ
һɫ𪣬ʲ̬׵˵٣Ҹ˾ãӦᣬɱһ棡
⻰䣬Ӿӣ˰ǸСӣɱôˣƻôƻǻҪѵ˾ͽôˣԽŰɱѾһˣҪȥôܣ
ȡ
ӿһ£˵ɱƣʲôô
𰡣
Ȼأ
ʲôȻ󣿡
ǵĿʲôǽɱһЩ𣿡˵ţ٣ٵ˵ͷʾ˵ȥ˼˵ҪƻţΪžܷӸã
˲⡣
ʵĪƵһݣ
ħӡ˻ش
ħӣе˶֪ħˣƺпܾħӵͽܣԲħӵ£նȻƺկգҹɱߵȵȣЩ£ΪħڵѾնɱԲʣʵܹһڴѣһڸעǾܳû飬һҲ޷ᵽǣƻ˵ħӣֻҪһ첻һھͻ۾ϣƶ죻ƸһɵΣԽǾԽȫǵǸƻʱɹĻԽ󣡵ǣƾʹˣɵ飬һڻ᲻ȥ𣿻и쳣״һڻ᲻ȥһһʵҲһһһòԾʱǵʧͻ󡣡
һ˵΢΢ͷȴǲ˵ҲòǷķȥһɱ˰ңһʲôˣҲΪӹ˽٣᲻ȥ鷳ҸҴƱʮ̨һֻҪûͻɱɣ
ôһ˵ֵͷ˵ö۸ΣҲû۳ʲô󣬶Ŀⶢ٣Ŀһݣ˵˵öûдǼȲһںùҲܾʹĹơ
۾ֻټ˵ǳ֣ɱһ棬ҪסϵƵʮ̨
ٹƣƨ˺û⣬ٶԲ˵ǽͽ͡
ӹӦٵƣȿһ治δɱվǰ濹סһڵŭһԣֿûʱȥʩΪΪƾҪһ׷ɱֻӣͣӣһڵע˵ǰľɱٴγ֣Ļ͸ˡ
ôһͣҶˣ׷׶Ե˵֮˵ƻܲʩУҪ׿ϣȻҪһ棬ǸĴۣɾͲҶˡ
һݣ˵϶ͨġ
ЦЦ˳ȥ
ǣںɱ֮ȻߣԾûе£ûлԣ̷˹ż崢ָĵҩתȫһҲûϢߵֻһֱۣȫڵߣƣܵڣЧԪȻöˣܵƣᣬܵԴ˵ܣģƴҵҲøǿ
ɵɵЦţ˵
ߵĪߣɫ԰׵Ī˵ˣҪҵ㻹ǸϽָҪȻһһЩСսǾ͡
ĪϵĻ˵꣬ϾץסĪϵ֣Ц˵٣Ҿɱ٣
ϱŸղΣ״Īôһ˵ڹżĽĽ
Ī˺֮ɫ󣬳ϲջܴݲеӣˣϻʵĪϣԽһЩ˰ɡ
Īϵ˵ͷ㽫ǰˣӦ˱ζԼһ࣬һһʮ˵˳
Ǹˣ϶綴ĺүү켴˿ɻ󣬡ɳô£үүôûϢأѵǳʲôⲻɣ
뵽⣬ϵĿ⣬ʱϬĪ˵ĪϣһΪʵġ
㡣ĪЦ˵˵һЩˣеŵȵһĻ뵽ϱǿĴۣǣǻߣˣӣǿ㡣
ЦˣԶ˵ܸܵʹ࣬ҲһҸ¶
Īһʱûףκ󣬵˵ͷ
Ѫˣʷ֮󣬳ϻָɺ󣬱վ˵֧㿾⡣˵ţϱ㽫Īϱϣܱǰȥ֮˵һ䣺ɵǵͷ
ʮ߿ֱֿ󻹸һڵ֮䣬Ծؿճһϵ۹УǾηȻһЩĵˣǵĿǲһģҷ硣
ߵмλãͻֹסŲתߣ㿴һ˫Ө飬Ϲܿ־ϲȴʲôҲû˵ɭĿҷͣһ˲䣬ҷ缴̱о׹ѣ˼Ҳסһ
ǿһۣûǰϣΪƴɱ࣬ԲʾǿߣͲأۣؾһˣ£ܽϹܿۡ
ǰߣ߳תͷȴһƵϸ͵Ŀ⣬ֱóϾú֣Ժм䣬ȴûϸһټ˭ΪʲôĿ⿴ң
ªϸ˳һЦޱ飬ҪתͷȴϸߵСŮʱɫ΢䣬СŮ۾ȴɻ󣬾ǰѪĿЩˣЩϤ
ȻĬĬǰ
߳յֻ嵶Űǧߣڵأһȣ
ɣ
ľϵ˵ǰǧվֿʱףЩˣķˡ
Ǳƹ٣ǡôߣʳҪʲôҲȥǱ󱳺󾿾ʲôĿģֱ˵Ҫħޣħ⣻һЩƵĵҩ
ȥ׼ˣ֮䰴ճϵԴǶͷ­ϣ˵ģȴԴ
һĺ
ʱ˿̣ƶˣˣżˣΪʲô֮仹ûһ棬ͻأǰˣסȥ·
˭Ϊ


570 ·
һ濴ǰȫİףˬ֮ԾȻϣŭ֮ȴһ˵˵д´ԵԣȥƷƷ衣
ǿ֪Ϸ˭
ӣҲȥⱭ費ɡ
˵ΪϷ򣬹Ⱥڴ˴ˡ
ΪβԵƵɸ߿أ
λȷҪϷΪУȷҪһԣ
ֻżˣܳôԶ

һüͷôǲҲϢ˵һ磬˺˭˭ӮҲӮˣɻȥǣƽս˶ȥɲУҪ֪ƿնɱ˹ż壬֮ܵ
ԣΪֹһֻǷŭȴûкȻ֣
һ治óȻֻ֣֮Ҫϸ죬񣬹˶ȥ
λҪϷȲ裬֪մ
Եαʶ
Ļشһ۾ﱬ⣬Ժ룬ⱱʲôʱۣȴ֪²۵ݣĪԴԽģ
ã˾ڿн
ǣϿ˴ħ⣬ܳ嵶Ȱǧߣеӵȣ˸ֺ̻ʵģϿǶۣ۾ʪʪģҲģԿ⣬Ҿƣ㣬Ҿȴͬ
ǱԳϵעȻĵҩڳİ֮£Ѿֱ֮ܳƣȫκá
⣬ǧ߶ԳԿһǺһжǶôãݣΪԿģرڴսѪս󣬼ҪϢʱ̣
嵶˲ɾãһǿƣְµһѡ񣡸п꣬嵶ץʱ䣬оĥϵǵ˿ڡ
һ֮٣ȴﵽЧǿǳûԤϵġ
Ϲܿ˵ӣ֪ʲôʱֶôһԼŮӣ˵ĻζԼΪĵģӿ֪ŭԹЩͳ
ˣ˻˭
ţָӣûٸǰսһЩǱˣǴģ˵ЩԿԳ֮Ϊ˵ʵ֮ϨŨս⡣
ûԪˣڵȡ
һȣǵһ죡
һ죬ûһ˵ۣһüͷоĹ죬˵λ֮ϣˣǿ϶õ˶ǵսһΪʲô޶أ
һڻҼ̤ǵ
ҡҡͷʮգѾ½֪ˣһʧʣһʱɰ׳յ£Ȼ޷ӦĻһھͲһˡ
ǳʲô𣿡
ϵȻ֪Ǹƣ˷ѻᣬһһҹĻָȻûȫָʮ֣Ѿָ˸֣ȡ˹żǿԪˣΪԪ켫Ԫһ֡
֮ػ֮󣬳ϱ̷Ԫˣ
ԲʾԪˣ̺ǿò񻰣ֱһֺˮ޵ĸоϽԪѹȻûܼɽľǣҲԳô˻Ҳһ
ѹԪͬʱǿ켫Ԫһ֣ɽ˵֮ڣڵ棬ͺӦ켫Ԫһĵ飬켫Ԫһ֣·ƺŰȪˮû׺϶Ϊһĺɱһ֮켫Ԫһֲòˡ
ֻʱϽͨΪֹ˫ȭ˫Žҳ֮⣬ѹʮ
ǶŽдĥҲܺܿӦﵽʮѹ
̧ͷ̫Ѿߵ㣬߶ȥǣȻûһڵӰüͷһ˼ȴǲҪ죬ٴεӣĴָСİɫɫȡ˳
֮ǰ̽ӦþǳϢľ˵Ӱɣһ֮󣬳ϽϢ£
һ£ϱоԼͻǧ򱶣಻ʮɽѹϣҪѹ֮ϣ־֮ϣֱҪѹĸо
еĽ֮Чɡ
ţţҲԾ֮ȥԽϢҲɽ˵֮ڣҪ
ͬʱһߣǹƥʣ붫ѲԶȴнΪİˣ·ϣҪ¡
пţ붫ֻһ·̵ζˣҲǱһʸҪһ¡
Ѳ룬ɵǵǹΪҪʺζһΪ˳״ݻɵΪҪЮϣóǺ¡
ǱܼסϾΪϸߣһս֮Уͻƣζߣϼϳս껣ȴȫǳʵĶ֣һоͽǴѪأ
ֻʣζ
ǳΪضֵ
ɴʱ콣ŵΤ룬ŵڴ󺣡塢޳ϵˣȴպøϵԲ˵ˣȻҪŵĵӣ㶼֣Τ뵽ƾħӣ뵽ħߵľ֮дҲˣΤѾ콣洫ӳ֣콣ŵĳϣҲˣΪΤʲôʧȥɲܽ
ǳǲһȴЩ˺ܷ裬ܲҪǰ򵹵껼ˣҲѪս
Ǽս֮У޿Ҳǡø˿ζ˵սţôˣҲԲǳʵĶֻ֣ǳףȴҲǿޱȣ
ȻģΪȻĳʺ㣡
һ㣬ġѾͨͨġеһһǡ˫ˮľȵȡ
Щպóǳͷԣȴַʤ
ڶ㣬Ա
Σ֮ʱѾͻƵ߽ΪĶϣȻԱˣץסᣬķһԶ˳ȥȫ޿棬Ҳڱ׵һдٵķƷ׸ߵķ˳ȥ
ţһӵϣ
ϲ֪Щ¼ķ˿̣ǹɾɽѹ֮Уǹɽ֮УѾʧȡ֮ˬоص׽ųϽϢȫ뵤ڣԪӿۣڳתԪ
״ЩףϢн֮ЧһеԪĹáţ̾ųϢǿżƴɱһĻĻ
κ󣬳ϵóһۣǹżŶռ֮壬ģϣ
ʱ֮󣬳棬ˣһϿ˿ǵȥϦüͷԽŨһ֣


571 £ɱ
һ壡
âڳŰһһص˳ȫÿһϸ⵽˽âΧɱһ㣬ֱҪϵӣն֧飡
ޡǬȴģ𣬵ľʯ֮УȭңѪʯ飬ȻĿ·ա
˿̣âɵȻ֮ʹҾʯνٻ𵱳ʯͬҶһûκʹС
ôĴָһĽ飬̲˿ֲܣ
ĿŤЩ
Χ֮ˣ֪˺£Ҳо˴ӳɢѹֱϢǰһ㣬ڿ˼嵶Ҳۣźʮһʣ޵ʲôȻѹǿӣƺھĪʹһ㡭
Щֻǿھʹ࣬ȴȻ֪Ͼʹ࣡
Щ޵ĽâûȥֵסâٽâΣǳ˿ýâն塣
˵ϴŽâ
ӵǿӣǲ֪Ǿٴε飬Ҳõһ飬ƻ֮壬Ȼһ¥ǿ
һһһȥʸȥ֮ٱɾ
ȻҪһǰڱƻܹ֮飬ܹҪǲƬһˤڵϣˣҲܸԭˣǾԼˡ
Ԫڤӣеʮϱûк֮ǡ
ĿǰҪģǳҪâ֮УŹȥ
϶ԼĲпĥŰķΪֻΪһ򵥵ɣøǿȥŻȥ
ʱʱ⣬Ѫ֮󣬳ϲϯÿһ䣬ƽʱԡǾһˬ飡
ɴʱȴʹϼʹ׶Ĵ̹֮ʹ
ư׼ҴĴ񣬲С֮ܵҾоʹһ
𡪡
ʹôгХֱƣ£¹أˮ
󣬾һɺϡ
ڴʱ˿̡˾ڳϵɺϣͲɺˣǣΪɺϣΪ񼣣
񣬶񼣲Уһ񼣣ػᷢ춯֮£ҫ֮ˣǷͬ죻Ļʸۣгʮ񼣣иָĴ񼣣Խһɮǹ֮࡭
Щԣ֪Ǽ٣Ƕ׫ǣ˶ˣ˿ϵĿ⣬ѾǾηԱ¶һϣ㣡
ǲ֪һ𣬺һʲô춯صĽֻŴ̹֮ʹʱõ𷢶Ĺ
磬Ԫˮȫ
ʮӺʩųĽâа񱩹Ϣеֻͣڳϵ࣬Ҳ˵һ֣
ľˮΪǳϢǺסס̫ԪһһˮȪˮľԪڤ١
ȡǱδȫŵĳľһתľۿɼٶɢţǹɢԶϢľȫ˵棬齫һ
ʱ֮󣬳ľѴӳʧµģֻһЩĩӳϵָȻ䣡
о仯һ˿˿ԶϢ˿˿Ϣ߽һ𣬡ľҲľˣֻûȥԣţܴɽ㾭㲻ƷҪЩѶȣ֪ûʲôִ֮ڡ
뵽⣬һԳԽԽ˼ˡ켴̧ͷ죬Щ˵Ǻã˾ͣȽԪҪͣ磬һҪһ㣬Ԫǰ㣬ԴȡҪõ磬Ǿ͵ò콵֮ʱһˡ
Ͻʽһһ㣬ҳŵȱ֮˵磬ͷһУģ棬ǲǴŷҲܰ
ţſָһץʱƾնȥץס֮ʱ٣ٴΣԲҪ죬ֹͣ뵽ɵǸ綴ĿһϬʮ֮һţɱɽռɵǻˣɱˡ
𡪡
һХȴ˷ܵĿХ켫Ԫһ׽ͳϢϵʵһ֣´Բʵߣ㲻ɱôˡ
ųϵһХ£ڰ·µĳ֣Ϊ˼֤γһ㡣
С

⻭棬ȺʱһƬȻеǿڵҹգֿųϣͬʥ˰㡣
ϴ˿̵Ǹ̨һӴ֮ǽҵĳ񣬸ңһڡֻһȳӦƼ
ǣϺ֪˵Ŀ⣬ϣȴţЩôˣ۹⿴ʲô
ʱҴҹת۱㵽ա
һȻİ۾Ѿźš
ζգ˲ˣңˣʣͳһѡ󣬴˴ߣζ˺һٶȣǸ
ǱߣƵЩΣΪ·ѾʣһˣһˣΪʲ£˳֮ʱԥأʳӣܽնɱҲô׽õס
ʿ񱼵ķȻǶǣ
ʱ֣һڵĺھۣõϢһ沢δܵﶫǣھüͷм䵽׳ʲô£ħӣһڵǣȥˣʦأŭ˿ɿߣȻҲɽϷù
ʱ֮һٵɽٵӣһɫңǴһɱ
ǻϣɱٴγ֡
ɱ󡪡ɳϣ
õڰգɱѾ˱һɣӵɱߣɱرһڻɣ
ǰȷѪ꣬һֱĴأ
նɽӵϢɳ˾ɱ˵նɵ̫ϳϣԳңڵﶫǵĽնɵӣյ뾡סǡ
콣šŶӵϢҲɳ˶飬ĻǼ⣬Ƕͦǿ
ǽӵɱɶŵӣɽ
ɣԳΪܾɱ˭Ҳܲ𣻵Ȼͬʱ˭ҪǾɱƣǵõĺô棬
ؼɱ쳤ЦΪƽЦҲΪļƻɶЦ
ҲЦˡ


572 Ԯ
ʲôһַ¾ɱؾɱ˭
ƣ˵ƾǰǸˡ񹲷ߵħӣ
ħӻû
Ҳ˵ħӵͽܡ
Ϊԭ򣬾Ҫʹþɱ
˵ɱһںüˣһŭˡ
ԭˣһҲʲôöǰһӲ˵һڵǿЩС𣿻װǸҹɱߡĴɱˡ
꣬ɱ˵һСûˡ
׼ȥ
ȥǰ
Ҳȥǣȥսƣ
ҿûǸʵأҪãƱɱˣպײҵǰҿɾͷˣҾͽΪһ洫ӣ켶ƷԪʯ߽׵ҩ
ˣƾʵˣҲһָͰˡ
һأ˵һһĻҾʹˡ

˶Իֻ֮䣬ǵشţԽԽףһԻ϶Ҳ֮ˣӦñɱ˶š塱£˾ɱ飻ҲΪһƶһڵģգִšһҪûˮġ
Ѿ䶯ˣΪһ˶
ɱ˾ͽˣƴظ·һΣҾٶʱ˾ͽ붫ǣһ·
Сİ֪ˣ˼֮޷˵غͶǸϣ𩣡
붫ǲԶζ֪ɱתͷΡΤǰսͬԡѪսˣȻ˵֮͵ʵ飬ֻǿٸǣ콣ųϵм춯뽫ζ£ɿػζߵ޿ͷرǷ֡ǳɵֻգһֵķΧУ飬붫ԽԽ
һİ˵ǻҪϷʲôʱ򣿡
̨ʮս֮ʱ

һشüͷһţŵıζ
ھۼڶǵʮߣõɱһƬȻСߣˣҪԶ붫ǣΪǿۼϵֶΣ󣬸ǿǹڡ¡񼣣ǲϾٵ
ˣֻǵ˼ɱǱ˭Ҳ֪
ǱҲˣµ鱨ȵﶫǵֻ飬ʵεȵȣЦˣһȴоԼɱΧֱгӵĸо
ȳϻ뿪˫Ų߲ˣɫǲ԰ޱȣȴţԽǿǱԽã
ߣȰ˵ƣȥû˻ס㣡ܱΣҲû˻Ѱ㣡㹻ǿʱɱ𡣡
ҡҡͷҲӣˣǰܵʹ࣬ȫ׷ˣҲųǻʦھȪ֮ߣҲԸڹ꣬㹻ǿʲôŽ㹻ǿʣۣҪꣿһꣿұǿн֮ɾͣȫսͣʮգΪһˣ˵ΪУкϧ
⻰Цˣ˵Ǿ仰֮ǰͻ֪ĽЦҺϣٴοһ漣ķ
ϼ˵ʵҾڵһĵôɱʦģҾôǣһڣҲǣһڣ෴һңԣǲôţҪɱңңһڵļƻʧģһǸ£µơ־ɪɪĵزʬɽѪ𣿲ѪɺԸޣǧˣӣ
˵꣬һ󺮷ι
ϻͷ֮˵ɵϷҪϳˣϲ𣿡
ϲϲ֮˵ֵϷʱһҪԿ⡣
á
Цš
ǧ߾ϥڵأɱҪ뱱ΪУ뷨Ҳǧ˵µģҲ˵ģǶףǰֻһ·ǾǸһ·ȥתΪ£֮·
Ⱥ֮УϹ֮ܿǰӶȫʧʣµģֻǶԳϵĵģߵҷ磬Ȼֿ˻ţǸƻòʵʩƻҷˡ
ǳªϸһи֮ɫ
ˣǵˣˣˣųϵĿ⣬ȫģ񿴾һ
ͷ֮ʱոȥûһǱƹתˣϸǰ˵ǰٸյõϢ˰֮⣬ǰΪΧɱ
ǰ
̫ϳϣ
⻰üͶѼɽͷ֮˵ɵǧΪޣ̤ߣɱ⣡
ǣ
£̤գȥֱ˰֮⣬ȼеȥ磡
żζ̫үүɵˣΪʶԳдһĴͨǽԪǿƣڳϵĴָ
˰֮⣬ڱΧм䣬һѪ·飬ûаƣȻսⰻȻһϽꪣ磬ɱӣûôף
ͷǿɲɱ㣬ֻȥһѡ
ٸһףǺξģӻף
˵ÿģ֪㻹ǲǵһպģһµʣ
Ϻͷ
ʴΪףϽꪲһͣ켴һҵϣҵʿǧףٴΧϣ³һѪȵܣͷô䵽ǵ
ǺǺǡǿԼͶġ
ЦŵˣǺӣ߿ЦʷĹ
ʱϺͷΪʲôѶû뵽Ȼ䵽ǵȵӾҲǵóѣ
ͷ㲻ѣԼŮҲ
˵ʲô
ζѵ㲻ʶ𣿡
ƾǣץסζǾԲܣ
ǿɳһأΪһץһ佫ΪСŮӣץסӸǵˣرʱ򣬻õһڰ˾ɱϢ
Ǹ˺ζһͷӾͰ˺ˡʴŭŭɶȴΪζ׶༪ˡ
ͷԼѱִ󻰣㻹ǹԹԸ߰ɣҪȻʱɾҪƤ֮ˣ
𡪡
һȣű֮ģɱȥҪһս
ͷ̫ʶ̧ˣȻˣǾͱǶ㲻ˣҲŭˡ
ɺӵĻ䣬ƬͻըһҪ˭

䣬Ӱ֡


573 Ƕ⣬
Ҫ˭
ը˶һ㶣һϲ˵ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ɺȴĽţشһʲôˣվ켴ɨȥһɨ㿴ϵӰҰ֮ڡ
ƣӾ
̫үүˡ
ϸͲֻʹغһ
ȻʱģЩǱ˶ȴֱֱͦϵľֹкǸˣûпˣϾڵʵѾܹնɱԲʣôҲ緢԰ɣվ˸ߵȴܷŵΡ
ʵ΢ЦͷʱǺŭƣôᵽҪʲôӵЩ֣ڹֳΪʲôʵڶǣҪܵ
Ӹ˵꣬ϵӰͶˣٶ죬ֱҪˣʺţΪԶʣϳϣĴ˵;ˡ
ɻû˳ףϾ͵ĸǰ
ţ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣݺһƴ˺ұϣ
һƣʮ
žһһĶ⣬ֱȵúӸ߸𣬰һƬݸֱӱ䣬罦һѪõɣһХ
СҴϷ򣿡Ӹոͣסӣƣŭ˵ȻĻû˵꣬оˣϽӡ
ſ벽ǰƣϣ
ʱҲұĸ߶ȣһģһֱоԼ°ͶɢˣɺȻǱŭȫΧסŭٴδ֪Ϸ˭𣿡
ӣҲմ󡣡
˵꣬ϵȥκܶܲʵʵ˵ƣӻһߣ
һֹסΣһ̧ͷȴվ״Ӻôһ߽ʣԲҲֻһ֮ѣȴһϴ⣬ǿ֮ôʵȥ
ң⣬ǽӼۻŭһԶ˳нʸ˭˭
Ϊ˭ҾͲ㻹ܴùнʺܲаֱӽϵĻ˶Է磬˫˫ǰһһľԪâ¶նƲʣ˿ľԪϬӿֺΣ
ͬʱҲһŻ𣬱Ϯɫ죬ƺңз֮ƣɫлŭȻ˲ʶ̧٣ǾͱϷ򲻿
ٴΧɱϣֻһصĿ꣬ʣǳϣֻΪĳϣʱ˿̣˭ϵϢԵˡ
ֻǻЦҵУ˵꣬۳һѳʽɫǰɫ׽Ԫ
Ȼնһʽѵأʱ׹ҫۣĽâХƿգɨнʵԪײһ𣻵ʱнʵĽԪȻ飬ʧӰ٣·ûгֹ׽Ԫ񣬼նǰٿնǻ˵šܡ۾нϡ
׽Ԫâ壬նѪ⣬նнʶһ˺ѷεʹһоѪЩâŰʧˡ
⡭
нޱȿֻȴѾɱ˵ڶˣаɫתɱ֮ɫȥнأȻն£ȴЩ̽âջؾֱ⣬ɽն£֮أһն£ͷһնˡ
Ҫն֮ʱһǿͻزסĽҲסűקһն൱֮ͣͻȻУ㱻磬ľԪɢš
ǡʱЮŷ֮ɱ
ͽϷ£

һֳڣб̳⣬Ҳٳ棬ȴࡢƵɫ棬һĳһٳӱһ𣬸оϢѹȸС
ɺӣ·ֻѡӲƴ˲ջػɫ޵֮͵ֱһа֮ڿУŷ֮𣬳һֻצг๣
ʲô䣬ûгûпʹһĻײȥ
һ˲䣬˽棡
޻ץס߼ͷҪ˺ѿֻᣬͣն棬ֱٳ֮ңǵ컹ԴҪԴĳ룡
ĻҶ壻ο㣬ֻһٻ
һȣɫתǷ֮Уȴɫϣж̶٣ɫֱ֣ץסǾ޻񾱲ֽճȭȥ
ʱ񾱲ϣһץһһޣȭҲʵڵҲǺϣؿڣǹٴȫʵϡ
䡱һɫ潫
ʱ飬˫צ˫ᣬһϢ֮ȫɢޣ¶˺ӵɺӵؿڣѾȥܵϮڿзŸ߷Ѫزؿڵ߹ǣȫˣޱ𾪣ɫ棬ʲô𣿷֮ǰһֻСϰ㣬ô¶ͷҲҵķ֮𣬿ɵǰ˲Ϊʲô֮ǰûеõ鱨أ
ӵȻ֪ϸս켫ԪһںϲãֻǾֵؿųϡ
ʵĿڳϣҲһתתޱȣɱ֮ʱ佫ΪߣǴüޱȣɶ̶ʱһȻɳ˰Ȼнʺһ߽ʣʯ֮ȫʣ֮С
Ƿָּ䣬ǵɱȨһһ䣻ǵ
ˡипѣͬʱʵлһͷҪ뷢󣬾ͱҪһʵĿ⣬ס˳ϣصĿ⣬ǻˡ
Ѿָ˳̬һȻģʵǻ˭Ҫģ
ҪǰĽ飬ƺһɱһٳû˶ɱǸͲǰһĻ˴裬ɷй˵СţҪǣΪڻܻ𣿡

ϲ⡣
ӷ·ҵһռϷĸо˵һ浽Ȼûɱ㣬㲻𣿡
ǾǸ֯
͵ѿڶ
һ㶣켴̹ȻϣǣǸסһ棬˵ǻĶˣû뵽ȴ𱨣ҪʶȤ㣬ԹϷĻϷԼ̣㲻
⣬Цˣ̤Ьٴõȫѹǣܾˡ
ƣҪʲô
ɱˣ
ң֯ģ㻹Ͻǡ
ӵĻû˵꣬ͻ뵽ʲô󺰵ܷǣǽζץȥˣ

Ŀ⣬Ǽ䣬תΪϬ


574 ɱޣӲ׼
һߣʱɱ֣ؿڶ󴸺Ѫɫ
ΪϾҪͬһ֧ŵסֻǿѹסƣЦźץСˣ
ޱȣȴΪΪץס˳ϵѨóϲҶԣеӵԺѾЭĵĻ档
Ȼӵλû꣬ͿӰζӻŵҪԹģȻϷɱСˡ
㡪ҡһһ˵ƴɱ
ӻص㿴ϷҲңϷ򡭡
û˵꣬ѾɱǰʩչоԴ£
㡭
ָųϣȴֻü˵һ֣ɫѪɫȫޣϽˣɺȴżǰ㣬˲㽫ϵľ׿⡣
ԣӵڼɢţţӻţ˵ԭƾаŵֶΣֲԲǿߣ֡
Щӵøˣǿﴫľʹﻹнʺʧܣ
ﳷ
˫Ŀ罣һץ۳ˮУ켴ӵӵǰ棬ţϱҪתԸн֮ʱȴʵƣ˾ͽˡ
˵ǰϽ֮УȻˣһδǹѪâһľԪڿӿţ˾֮£ܴӵõ
ӿƴʵҲϸƻ֮ղǡˡĺǵ֪ͨͬ飬ʵҲͬϵעóûֻҪӳ죬еİ취Ըƣץסζʱô϶УҪóǧ⡣
ǣӿǾһſѪڵˮУȻסˣһֱҪǸпɡ
ˣһ͡
һ֮ʱֳϮֱϵ˱ӣӴɫ棬Ȼ˺ӵķ˺ӵԪ֣ɫķ֮𣬺ݺݳںӼ֮ϣֱ֣ɫһƤʱյýһƬӽޱԵ
ƣ̫ˣȻ۸Ϸ򡣡ǽģһ֮£֧飬ӣ˻ﺿϷƴˡ
ûкƴʸ񣡡˵ޣƴҧźӵζаʧұһһ޳ǣٽǸù⣬ںڰ֮е֯һһݻٵ
ǵ֯Ҫ㣬ͬһֻϡ
ҧгݵ˵ţͻ˫ֱͷҽһڿбŤȴȫˣžʹԪͨʧ⣬һӴȥ
û˿ͬ飬ջУأһӳȥһ̺ŵȴ׽ԪںӱϣʱƤ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ޣ̺ųϢԪų£ıޣȪˮޣԪڤ֮ޣֱĴ
Ӱ಻Ӹǲҽ
ӣȫ£ûһطǺõģ絶ǽڳɿ飬߸һƬ
ϲٳѾӵڵϲͣ鴤°ĭϵĿУη壬ŷŭ
񣬳ϿжϳȻûˣȴû֮Ϊһɵӣ֮仹һ⡣
Ӻ޵ֿˣʩչԪڤ٣ӰסͬʱԪڤٻٴӵ壬ȡԪݡ
ʣֱ͸Ĳҽ羪֮ٸо͸ǻˣֻǻҵУһ˿ִţһڵĵʮˣЩԸԱҲԸ͸¶붡Ϣִһ
ԣҲֱչǲȥԪԱ̺ŵ֮ݿ㽫ʵ˸ɸɾ
Ҳӿе䣬Ȼʹޱȣȴûбɰ׳գҲָֻǼԪڤ٣һ
ʿųһһֶΣﹾһ˿ˮﻹСӶԸңҲ÷Ѵ֮ɡ
̫үү
ϻһȴûлعȳֺ֮ʲջ˼ЩΣΪΣæʵƣζô죿
ȥ˵ķǾ͡˵棬ϵű֮Ϣ̫үүҵϻضǣһڶҷ¾ɱҵڶǵ
Щһ·ӣûеõɱϢʱΪ𾪣һһȺ֣һУǰ
˵ʵƣħǰǡ
ҵʦ
ʴЦû뵽ħǰͽܣɵӣããõúܰǸͷᶨˡ
ȴǲǡáеĺ壬ֻʼȻ˵ɵӣɱ;ɱģȵӴӦӦ
һ仰ɾǱҪϿ۾ȻЩʪһָжȻ˵ɱ飬Ҳɱǧ˶գۣЩ˶ĵˣҪ֮ˣѣԼжˣϴӲ񱼰˰Ԯһ
̫үү׼ɡ
ʲô
ϵĻף֮ŭУӲ׼
̫үүɱֻһˣܽɶ
Сӣʲô˼˵̰
̫үүû˼
ʲô˼ѵڳӲˣʵˣӴ򲻹ˣ˵Ļûˣһһغ
ҡҡͷɶĪ֮Ҳ֮ˡ
ӱΣˣ𣿡˫Ŀ绢ۣ
ûС
ûãСӣúţֻҪӻڣͱɣԶɵӣȻ򲻹㣬һҲɱСëҲõúܣԺ⣬𣿡
̫үүЩʡ
ʰ֣˵ˣɵĸˣҪˡȳʻ˵ĺүүҲЩ˵
ʲô
ϵעȻתƿȥһסתͷźȥ


575 Σ
ߵǰǸ˹ײҲģ֪϶һʲʲô
Ȼȿ˵ҸƣϷõһϢҪС˺úõģҪǸͷúõģҪϷһţͷ˵Ϸһ档
ܰ׳ա
ϲٱʣȻҲὫǸˣץסǻȨҪǷǣǾ͸·ԣЦּ֮Ԫڤ١
صԪڤ٣ϸ˿һȦһȦزϣÿһ˿ѪֱŹͷΪ˶ԪֿԪڤٵʴԣֻסǸ֮ʹ
󣬳ٲǣǱǸϻȥ
˸Ͳ֪ʲô£ֻų̤շȥʱȺɧﶯ۾ڰǧߡӵ˵תתȥĳ⡣
嵶ԷҲ֪ɱϢΧȺ֮Увڴǵ⣬ڣܳ
ߣͲסˣʼɳ̤̽ǧ֮ڣ֮ɱֱӱɱ÷飬ѪпĻ棬ʱЩ˵ĸoһˮ
Ƭ֮һֻԽڶֻǽնɰѵһǧӣΪ˾ɱϣն˴һǧߵǧ׵Ľ޴ͣ
˶ŽնɵĶΪһֱ֮䣬ʶ֮䣬֪һɽķԣǲ֮ΪʲôһҪɱĶ
˭ֻҪϷǰ棬Ҫ꣬˵ϧһдۣǸŮץס
ָŮȻǵӣóȻվӢ۵ģǴʵ֪ŮӶ˵ҪϵҲǷͬѰȻ֪ȥ˺δȥʲôץסᣬŮ£ռλ
ߵУֻ֮ϰ嵶ǰǧߣֱӿ⣬ûеһ¶߽֮䣬֮Ҳֱֱߣṳ̂ǧ֮ڡ
һϢ̧֮ǧ֮
ʱһȦһȦϮߣߵȻ壬سǰ֮ʱŭˣɱ߲ʩչ
һߣȣʽն
켴Ӱ´£նƬƬ⣬˲ֱӣ˾һʧĸо
ߣǽնɵ̫ϳϣҲǸ߽Ϊն似һ㽫֮⣬͸֮˻ᣬն̫ϳԸٶȣ֮ǰҪսţֻҪֶ֮Σá
֮ǷŭˣûɳϽǳǲǾͲٸˣٴȥһ˵ȵȣԣɱֱھŲ㣡
ն̫ϳһͣһƱʯԺ˺ѪֻŴ粽ѽն̫ϳûаֳ˵˼һȣն
âʱҫ֮䣬ɴɵ֮䣬ЩæңԵս鲻㣬ն̫ϳϼ״ô˴γ֣ĿıȻɣץסŮǰ϶顣
ڽն̫ϳ֮佻֮ʱնһǧӣѾɱ嵶ˣնһǧӣֳʮ飬ȫһֵΣɱǰ
嵶ΣɫȻڳ֪սѶԸûη壬ֵǣҶ֪Ѿû·ˣֻɱȥɱһȡĵˣˣǲܻ
ɱ
·꣬ʤóóǲľɱ
ɱ
ǧ죬Ȼʮɱȥ
嵶ǵȷͣɽնһǧӣǰѵľټθʮѼ⵶̽˹֮Уˣɼ⵶Ȼն
ʱ䣬ɫâ⣬ˮͣȻҫ۵ģģȴѤµġնһѰѽӲնˮoղ
ʮӵӣǧ߱Ѿ˹룬նɵӣȴˣϬ޿ɵֵ嵶ɱۣ޴񵶲ͣɣѪŽڽڰ˵ľƣвȻģֱͷ񺿣ֵǣǲܰܣǸܾȥҪɱȺģɱ
֣ȼ˵ѪѪʼηõ⽣âѪ֮Щ޼᲻ݵɱ
ն̫ϳɱ¾¶Ц⣬ǧϣҳݣǧǽն֮У
ͬʱ̫ϳ֮ԽԽԽԽ֮·磻Ҳܹ֮䣬˵Ϊǰû̫ࣻΣնɵġնպÿס֮ɱ֮ǡҲûãԲǧﷶΧڵħޣһϱȻ󱬳Ѫ
Ȼ·ն̫ϳҲ͹ƣֻӽйǣǰ֮ʲô쳣״ϾһˣҪϣʱһڷŭǾͲ˵ˡ
ԣ֮Խն̫ϳϾԽСġ
ǱߴģѪɱڼ嵶ƼΣͬҪȻˣֻһĹнһǧ˵ˣ嵶֪ܲԳŵһ̣֪ƴȥ
񵶸һգʱ֮УΣڵϦۿҪɱһ𣬵һΧס嵶ս󣬲һͣ¶һյ
ô˻ᣬ嵶ɱ˳˼ɱȥ
֮ˣǵӡ
˵ӵĵնɵĹƣ嵶ԽսԽ£նɵɱˣ
ն̫ϳϼ״ʽնâӣͬʱȵ󣬳ն
һ£н߰˵ΣȻһ䣬Ȼ͡
ȴṩȫڶԸǼ߽ǿ߷Ľâ֮ϡ
Ϣ֮䣬ӱһâնУɫ԰ף³ѪӼˣ
֮ҲưΧΪңɱʩչ©ԽԽࡣ
嵶һˣǧңڼ١
·޾ҹҪϡ
ȺеϹܿòУرΪӶ˾£벻ʲôõķ
ªϸ嵶ӶЩעӡ
ɣɱҰɣΪǱģˣܿҲҪӣ嵶һսǾ޴񵶣ое󣬴ʱѪܹŭ
Ҳɱ󣡡һնɵӣȻ˵Ϊ˶磬رֱö˶
Ȼ˻䣬ߴһʣ𣿡


576 նײ
һʣըڿС
ߣоϲлҡ
ϲ֪ǳϻˣţֻҪһǰΣľƣҲתΣΪ
֮Ǵ磬Ҵ򲻹ˣҡ
嵶ЦˣһѪ˵ˣ
շſ֮ˣȻɵڵһĵ⣬Ҳ˲˲԰ףҲ˵ƴ˵ˡ
ʼһֱں棬֮ҲսŵĪϺܣҲǿ˴ʯͷ
ն̫ϳϣʣɫһ䣬ȴ˿ʱ֮䣬ֱ˵ӶȥҪץΪʡ
ն̫ϳϵٶȺܿ죬֮Ҫ죡
ȻϵӰ죬üǱɡļ
ڽն̫ϳϾҪץסӵһ̣ȴʹʹһ飬һ˲Ҳһ˲ն̫ϳץסһŻ

̫ϳ֮Ҳ̲һȣٶۿȥֻƣȻճ˺ڹǣ
㡪
̫ϳ¶ȡ
ʲôʣҪɱңҪȥ棬УΪһŮˣʲôˣʲôˣҲ磡
϶ԽնһøҲޣǾҪܵ⣬ɱһʱҪԵ֡ڽԲ
̫ϳǼ֮ɫ࣬ƣϷҪΪͽͽﱨ𣡡
ͽܣͽ
߳Ǿҵͽܣ˶ͽ̫ϳ˵˶֮ʱرغޣ·ɱ֮һ
˭ȴ˵֮˵
СΪԼɱɱ˱ˣɱϷ򣡡̫ϳղŽ֮˵ģš
бһʵʲô
졭
̫ϳϸ˵һ֣ͷӦ˹ǷŭȴȻӣԭ죬ֲãʲô

̫ϳҲƲס˻ָһ£û뵽ûŭ죬дȣնԪ
ʽնǧâصذΧ
ĺ⣬жϳԪĹͨ켴ٷɱУһٽס
̴Ǻãʵȴȫ෴
ϵȷоؼԪĹͨжϣһҶޣֻǵЦ˵ǰҲһˣʩչһУɱˣǸˣҲǽնɵĵӣ
۾ﾫһ
ϼ˵ʵһУҲᣬңö࣡˵꣬ûκζֱֻ壡
屻Щ飬Ϊûпһ˿˿ĻңȵסʲôɱǣץסŮġһʣµĽնɵӻعϽ嵶Ȳɱȥ
ʱִһȣЩСϣͽˡը켴һӰʣֱڵء
顱һڽնɵӿȥȴһһҲ̶õĻ棡
Ȼľȴǲɴһ
Ȼû꣬ʵ¡
ʳ֣ǲϽһ裬նһս󣬺ȻȥѪѪ֮Уж֫ѱ۷ɽ
С
Χ˵һҲɻͷһȴӭʱ岻ѪӿŭȵϽʣȻС֣Ҳ¶֣
ʴЦͷ㶼£ʲôҵͽСС
㡭
屻޻˵ʵͽƣһ˭Ϊֻһ˭Զˡ
ϵ˵ҿҪˡ
ع񣬽עڳϣﻹοԼֻҪ£һжνˣȵɣϷѵѵ֪ߵغĿСӡ
ս˵꣬㿴۳һɫϵһһ˵նԪ岻ΪȻڡն⣬ֽĽնɣ˭̣ʩչø
ԣЦˣ֮Աˡ
Ͼ弥Ц֮У³һ֣ɱ
նԪɱ
׽۵ĳҲնؽâɱʱЩ㶣ʩչġնԪɱնԪûʲô𣬲ȣʮ֮һȲϣЦ͵ѧġնԸңֱǻ֮
ѻ˵꣬ȴͻظоϵĽʽˣȻܸоеġնԪ֮⾳ɫǣ⡰նԪ֮УȻɱֱǣ
𾪣ûоʹ˽оԼġնԪ似ˣɢһɫâնɢɢޡ
ն
弱æУҲűУʩչն似
ϻûɡնɱԪĽâͲǶ֣նԪУֽԼġնʩչ˳
һ㶣Ϊ⡰ն似ĻҪʱʣƣôὣնɵġն˴쾫ɱ˽նɵӣˡնЩնǲȫİһ˵ģ˶̵ʱأ嵱Ȼʲô£ɵġն似£նˣˣǾĽ
ն
岻ٵȥˣʩչ˴У
УһûᣬͲԭˣҿһСնһѡϵ˵һȣɵɱھŲ㣬ҹ

żķӦҪ𾪣֮Ѿųʩչ˵ھŲɱ֮
նɱ
ھŲɱ֮轣䵽ϣ׽ԪԵʣֹֻ屶֮࣡
ֱӽʩչġնâ÷飬вž
ɫһξ䣬նȻ˹Ч
ûżǰˣǴԭأʩչն似Ϊ岻ģо˼似סһճ͵ɣ
ЦˣҪˣġնɱһʱҲɲóˣǡ
ʮֹʩչն似Ƶȷ൱ˣâǹս֮ˣҲʧһ㣻Ȼǿ屶֮ɱһӾͽĽâûˡ
ţˡ
ȴ塰ն似նΪ⡰̫ǿ⡰̫࣡
ͬܽˮշոһһͨ磬ո󺣵ˮ
Ȼǲܣ
Ǻӱɱѣһ֮󣬽Ѫ󣬵ڵء
ս˵ᣬʩչСն


577 תʱ
˵Ǿ仰ʩչСնȻʶʶġնȻ֮ǰǸնɵĳҲʩչն͡ն顱ȫǿʩչ˸ûо裬ȥԶ
Ȼǰɲһ
͸ղСնϵĸоȫȻһ£ƽɫ㡢ζȫڳһ壬ƫƫ̸оеĵһնͳСڡЩ
ϾԱպԼ似
⻰ӵǱѣֱͬһؤ㣬Ŀ⣬һ۲ǷڳϣǿһǧӢӡ
һɡۡ³һѪ
ԭնһǧӣ̶ʱڣѾ˸⣬ȫȫʬһ֣
ٶһһնɵĵӻš
ȴǰ˵վǰҲɱϲλӡ
ȫÿһڲ
ǰؿͬʦֵܣһѽһѣޱҵǰһƬհˣʣµģֻǿ־壬ؿ־壡
е˶ˣš
֪ԼΪʲôţΪǰųһԣȻ˿̵룬ͺʦֵһһˡ
ǡ
ƣ׼ԼԴɸҪоһǿҵѹȫסãԪҲתˣҲն˸ϡá
㻹ԱúôţһҪܽɱˣͻˡʴ˵ȴţȻ̶ʱ䣬ûָһ룬ɱЩԪԪ֮࣬ǿ̫ˡ
ǽնɵȴˣ̫ϳ϶ƵĶ֣ĸУȥɱƣǼֱǡݵˣǡŰתͷȥƣȴңѪ̫ϳϡ
̫ϳѪնɰһ֧ѵĴۣش󣬿˵ԺĽնɣҪţǣôһ֮䣬ʲǰ緶ǿָ˸ɾ
ܵȻԴ
ǵĻȫƣûƣɱ߳ǣɱ˶ɱҵҾͲͲᡭĽ彫еԹޣ˳ϣȴȫȻ˵˶ǶôɱƳɾֻˣ󱻷ɱˡ
عųϣһһغȵն飡
ʽϣŭţʱ䣬ʯɣǽâ۳Ʋҽâѿǵأ񺿣
ŨıУϸоԼ·𲻴һ㣬ʲôνҲãϲҲգŭҲգҲգҲգûҲûĴԿգ徻
ƺһеһУˣ
նȥˣ
ϵĿˣˡ
Уȴʲô᲻£Ժѹ֮꣡
忴ĿɢΪѾ˽ȥԥأǧâΪһ壬ֱ̳ϵϷ㵤Ϊˣ䣡
ʽն£
ȴ͸룬Ǵ顱һһȻֻƷȴԵʽǴ̲֡
̲ѵʲôƷ׷ס
Ǿȡ
Ȼʽû͸룬ǹɾȴӿ˳ڣϵʱо쳣ŭϲƢ˼ڱڿ֣ҲǰһϮĿ̣ȵȣӳ̡
Ȼͬдһڳϣͷ·˸һ
ϴ״̬лع˹ǿסԼȥֵ˫ȭ߬ѪʹҧԼظϲŭǰǶ
춯ԽԽңǸκҪŭĿϲѿ֮ҲֻҲҪ飬ҲҪʧĿҲҪʧҪʧζ
УľˮҲЩֻǲԣ΢
ȥĻսһжΪʵĿû飬ûûû˼룬ûӡ
еһУʧΪޣ
ɳϻûпƣսԼļޣŸղʩչն顱Ļ棡
˾أÿһϢʱ䣬жȹһ㣡
ǣѾǰסѪ͸ӿʼԼߵƵʣҡҡһ̶ײڷ֮ϣֱΪ
ͬʱϵԺֳǬתתǸͼԼ·ߣǬתתתอ
Ϊ࣬Ϊɵתôͽǰ㣬Ӳޱȣˣ
һʱǬתתĺʱ𣿡
켴ƴۡ
ЩͷֻϢ֮ѣȻǶ˵ģԳ˵ȴƹ꣬ʮ꣬ꡭ
壬ھ֮һλӽ̳ϵ࣬Ǻǰһ֮֮ɫŨа״ش̳һһ
ǣǴ̶ġ֮ۡ⣬ûѪǺúõģѪ۶ޡ
һأǾˣ壬ǿǿǷһƷҪȻҵʽΪһ˺۶£
Ҳˣ㶳Ϊʲô֣֮ǿ
̾ѣţҾ˵СǸڿ֮
Ϲܿȴһۣʹš
š漣֣֮ɫŨ
ĪﾪʣӦòǲɽЧɣ
ҲͰ͵ؿųϣƺҲӵһӡ

δ𾪣϶ްԪʯĹϵֻǾˣҪɡǬתת
ˣֶˡ
һ羪֮͵ܵ棬ɷ־ؿųϣȴûᣬֻǽӴָȡԪˣһźӧԪˣһᰵԪˣһԶ˽ȥ
忴ףϳŶԪˣһƷײ͵ԪˣҲֹסزƣʲôģ
пʼתҲʼѹܵԪҲۼڶʮһĴͨǳѶȣرǿ֮¡
ѹԽԽԽԽֲʹԽԽ󣻲Ƶʣһ¥Ͼʹ֮ɫ
ɿֲѹȴǵذϯķ
忴ţܵˣӣȴӲˣվܵѽǶȣֻƴóϼȥȥĻԼٽģѹѹסˡ
ҾͲţɱ㣡
ţÿԼʽƽڿգƣ
ȴţ
ȻֲܿˣϻǾʼõؼԪսԪȻϡṩ˶١
Ȼ
ϲͷ壬˵ǰնʮŽһһٽڣҪȡһ
ʲô
Ͳʱ䣬۸ƣҪննУһУδֻ˵ոһľУ
ޱ飬˵֣Ԫˣ


578 ն裿ټ
Ԫˣ
֣ͺƱһ磬ֺ£ˢˢزսѣϵĿ⣬־粨Σ˫֡۾ǿȵҵġԪˣȡȡȡ𣿡
ڵģЩңӱŵþްԣ״Щѿȫļ⣬ֹסزǧϳҧһ㣻ǽѪĸ֨֨ȫ֮УȾһ˲ѵˡ
Ȼ˵ĻֻһЦҪȡԪˣ˭裿˭ָҵ
˭˵
廹ʱ䣬һ֪ȥ³һѪʽϣȳһ֣ն
ֻһ֣
ʽб㣬ն£ûǺƴƣâ裬Ҳûɱ͸̹ǣƫƫһֵʹһ֮֮У·ԿһԿһ㣻־ҪòҪ㣬˲òһ
նһ֮ȫ˸ɸɾҲ֧ȥ޶Եģȴǻϲ
ҲΪһСնˣлһͷϾ似ͬ˺նһ㣡ġն𣿡
һ֮󣬳ϵ𾪣ȫȼճս⣬ֱս⣡
ңҶ壬οһ˺ϸȭգԪޱ͵ֱӭǵâ
䣡
һӴȻըҪأ㡣
һЮŲΥĽâƽ˳壬ֱƳϵֱƳѹӴܴҪֱƳǹɡ족֮⾳âӹȫ·ӶҪըң滹нâҪԴԴϵ͸
˫ĿӿϬâִ˵꣬ѹֳܷһ֣ȭȣ
Ӵըâ򵶽˷նɫŲѵĽâͬʹߣӣȪˮҪмȡ
״ȻѱգҲݣԼСݺݵһȭʱͽѪʽϣЩâ̧ͷ֮ƣ
һ˲䣬֣һֻѪ֮ƣһץסʽ
𶯣齣ȴǳ֮켴Ц״ϵѪ³ѪЦǰȫѪ¸ɣҲûã
Ż棬ʩչδõġԽ
ֱпֲʮ岨𣬾
յԽȣϾۣ֮
ҡ飡
һڿգȴǰʽƬƬѿʽ飬âɢšܡ𾪵²ǰʵʱָɽ׽Ԫзֱ
СϷ򲻻óѵģϷҪ㡭
оʹŻع񣬷ĺУȻĺû꣬Ȼֹϱ߶ȡԪˡ
㲻еġ
ϵ˵һ䣬Ԫ̷ԪôűԪˣ߽ʵԪˣȥȻ󣬡顱һ
ĵ£Ⱥ֮УرЩ֮ˣɫһƬҰףţղҪҲ֣ǲǱ⻹Ҫң
壬նɵ̫ϳϣʹˡ
ն˿ǷߴƣֱӱѳɻңҲأڵأûһѪɫֱţԺô죿ն㣿ƣ϶ƣҪҪϧһдۣ㣡
һڽնɽ֮صѣȴǻص˳ϵĶֻǼӿٶöԪˣͬʱ׼磬Сն֮£Ľâ
ڳϸոռ֮ʱ۾ͻһתʱһµ뷨ջ磬ŨŨǽâ͵֮ڡ
֮һΪ˴־âҪ족֮⣬ƫƫҪá족֮⣬ŨǿΣϸо⽣â̺һЩ˵Ķ
Ĺȫʩչնľ裻Ҳпܣһûе͸ľ硣֮󣬽ȫעڴǬתĵת֮ϡ
ΪղƳǡնʽȥ˳һȻԪȴǲ
Ǻתˤþһȥ
ˣһֱʹݣһ̶ܣؿ˳ϸղŵͣǶԪڤٵӣҵز
㡭롭Ӷ˵
ȡԪˡ
㲻ܶǣҪҶǣǸζǸͷͻȫɱþһ˵꣬˵һһͻᱻȡԪ˰㡣
Щԥ뺫үү£ζһ£ʱȺ֮⣬һӣ
ӡ
Ȼͷѭȥӡģҽһˣζˣ
䣬бֳӰ޿棬ұǷ𣬶мһϮµٻӰǳ˼ҹζ
ζζˣǿ񱩵ܣɰ
ζӿ£ǰ۾ӿζ
ӡζỨ֣סǻѪʵ˵ϽָϣĿԣǧǧ⣬ȴǲ֪˵
ţ·֮䣬ֻʣǡ
ȺеϹܿһĻȴǲˮӿĿĽȴиľȻף˸УӲźۼȥʱ򣬿ռӦһ˶ֻǣоĪطᡣ
֮󣬳ζһ˿ڣȴ֣ͬҡ롪㣡һ˵꣬ζΪЦųϵţô˵һĻ
ΪϬ
ôòƶ˲١ζЦ˵꣬ȴ۵˿ڣʵ𣿡
㣬Ͳˡǿסڵܣ޾ѹתζעʵôˣ
ҵõϢˣҰѺŶˣɺҲĺߣЩ֥ɺֻû޴޷
·Σ𣿡
һʣзǣҪȻھͿˡ
һᷢġ
˵ţζһͷǧ˿Уȴһ۵İ׷˵ζ𶯡
ôˣ
һ׷Ҹˡ

ǿܺ˿Ҫץסǰ׷ζϤζоųϵˮ飬ѣһ·ԵĿ࣬ܵʹ
һУֵõģ
£õζǰζһתЦ׷͸ˣɱܺãҪԺҲߣ׷ˡ
á
ЦţϸĽ׷ԱȴʵĿ
кӵľܣ


579 ת
ȡȡ
ʿԳھֱʮ˵ɿ˶ǻƽʱʿ϶ȥǣڣȴǲһȻϾҪʲôһ̷ԪˣȻмҪ¶
ңʻظоΪζƴѹǿֲܣ״ѹƵԽãΣԽ
һжţȴǲ֪ϻһϹܿĴڣ֪ĻֻҪˡ
ζæתͷȥϲغ̫үү
һΪУֻСӣûءʴȤ
Ȼˡζ˵һ£ǱȥϱǼ֮ϲãɵߣȴһı룬᲻ͣػ䡣
һˣæʵζôˣ
үүˡ
϶ˣô¶ʱ飬Ҳ¡ޱȡ
ζŶԱʱĻ棬㲻ɱүүΪ˾ңԡˡ켴ζʱ˵һ顣
ʳĬˣɵڣǷֱˣ⣬Ⱥ˵УˣҲˣϲ֪ˣӣӳģҲֻмˣƣϽҲ£ζЮ֣ɾˣʷĳ
Һƣţζ§У˵ζû£õģһжõģûʲôܹסǣ
һߣ򾪿ֲĺȥʵ벻ףһʣôûܽζ£֪浽׳ʲô⣬֪ζû£϶ͻ¶ųϣڽ˵ţкͷкͷҪɱǣһˡ
Ŀޱȣ۳ɽƿգнʵԪˣڿУץס̷븹˵Ѫֱӽһٿضп־ޱȣǸĵ׷ߣҲɶ
нʵԪϸоȻ㹻ûʼǵ״̬˳ģƬ֮󣬳Ŀ⣬һͷѹ£ʮֲֿ
ʹʱӿÿһϸʹֱͷرǽϲŭȵ߷ߴ
ˣȴݽҧָУûзһҽΪ뾪ζӶζġ
Ȼζļ́ͷȴȫҲţﺰţӣôˣͬʱҪֱȥס˵ζȥ
̫үүûΣհɡζŵʵһЦ˵Ӳúܣ춼ȡߣ϶¶ġ
ζ԰Ŀȴǿ˵ӣ۾£һ˿ɻ
ڴͨڶʮһĹУսΤ롢ΡҲˣֱ㶵ؿϥĳϣ۾⣬˵޳ĳɻĵЦ˳
˾ͽǻڼ·СİҲ֮Զ϶Ҳ˾ɱϢɾӣμʮСĵȥ
ҹڣ
ڶʮһɣΪʱԶ
Խӽɹܵʹ࣬Լ尾ǰڰʱ̣
ֻҪɹǺڰӭâɣ۳⡣
อڱ仯ˡ
һθопʼ쳣䶯ƺĳϵǻԪΣҲֻǳϵĲ²⣬ңϼȫעɵڶʮһ֮ϣûС
һʱ֮󣬳ϴͨ˵ڶʮһھɵһ̣ڲѵʱอϻһʵĹȦ
ϸоδй˳Ǻȵȣһȫµ磡
ߣԪĹͨҲؼǿԭƬռԪѾȻңƶת֮ӲĿռȡٵԪ
⣬ԪĹͨǿҲ֮Ͼһ׼ǿ߿϶ǿߵĹͨǿ࣬ڶ֪ԼֹͨǺ־硣
ףЩ仯ȫǡǬתתתอɴģ
Цˣת֮󣬱ת
Ⱥ֮УªϸĿ⾫﷭ˣתѾת֮˿ٶȣҲδйªϸ¡þƽϢ£
ۣϿһϤףζһʱߣЦζ㵣ˡ
ֻҪǺõģʲôν
˵˻Ựһ±ʱϸڣߵǰϵ˵лл
ЦˣڴЦˣΤҲЦˣȴ΢΢£ɫ
ʵǽҲ̫ǣʱ֮壬һͷ㹻ˣҪǣΤ롢ڴǶԳϿýֱϵż
Τǰл˳Ͼָ֮ϵЦ콣ŵĳϣȴϰµģ¸ϳϰϵǿҪһڵģͬʱԹΤ벻ĻζЮ
һһ֮󣬳ߵ嵶ǰűصʬףǧߣֻһṦ򣬾ǧˣЩпϾЩˣ£˵嵶һ£ߵ֣£һպһҪȥǻûڣ˵ģϽԪʯȵȣǣǻʲôԸһҪ㡣
˵꣬ϳȥһָӡݸ嵶
嵶ⷬ۾죬ҲϴĶ࣬ģ֮٣ӹָȥһʱڵָװģȫԪʯƷԪʯӣ嵶̧ͷ𡭡⡭
ΨһΪġ
嵶Ρ嵶ж˵ƷԪʯӳȥĺ䶯ֻڳʮˣаٷ֮ʮԪʯôɴظ
ͷ­ɽϣԴ
ζ˵ŷֱ֮󣬸Եľ飬ΪζģΣգ˵ͬʱﻹȺ֮еϹܿҪܺദǸöã
ʱԲܱ¶ԼϹܿĹϵϹܿҲᱻǣ䣬ۡ
ʱ򣬵ӵӰԺ
ʱҴҹתǵھգ
һ滹ţһѾ⣬ʮһ׷ɱƣҪڵһʱ䣬նɱ
ٿƣܲƣʹûץסζҲûץסнʣưƣûüֵһЩ㣬ٱ໹
ھ磬֮ʱһˣ붫ƺƵ˶ֱߵϸǰΪһˣһȵʣǽƣһڰɣң֮ǰ飬̣ؽɣ


580 
ƣɴ棡
ǶǷҪ˼˼Ȼһġ
ȻһûаĵģһߣɵĹϵңãڵɣֻҪɵӶףһţǽƸȥˣҲͻˣһӦʣɴ䣬Ƕɽ
ǣպεֻһڵĸӹѡ
ЩѿɾβףЦ˵˵⻰𣿡
ˣ˻棡
Ȼ˵ΪǸһ˿Ц⡣
ζʱͼˣæ̫үү㡭
ʻͷζһĵЦݣȻųϵ˵ͷŻعͷǶ˵ƣܴ棿
Ϊβܴ棿ΪйؼɫƣЩģȻ
Цøˣһһ˵Ϊˣ
ʲô
ȳ仰ʮΧǣҲˣΪǶ֪ˣֻϣ񡭡
껡սζҲ˵ֱųϡ
ΪǵĳϣҲڵЩɵؿʡ
˵֮⣬еˣ뾪֮С
˿̣һǶʣһ˵ˣ
̫үү
ϸպͱס˵˵ƣﻹɣ
ɫˣΪڸ⵷ңȻԵһʣһΪܵȴǲ壬˵Ծǿ֮űھѡΪͷˣֻ˵ְ֮һţˡ
Цɣ˭ҳְ֮
ʴ֮תȻųһȭ˵ϣ˵ͣĿɨڳɵӣ볽սһ飬켴̤ǰʮغȵϡ
ʦ֣ʦ֡ϼ˵
볽սȴǲֱ˵Żܵһݣ
ȵζǵһΣζ˵ֱ
ζȻûдֹϵתлعʵĿ֮£ټҲΪʲôתԹصһ۳ϣ΢˵ζˡ
ζ
Ҫȥסζ֣ȴǴ˼֤Ϊţ˭ҶΪУǱΪУֻҪɻһڣ֮ˣƲƴɱף
˻һٴνȫ𾪣仰ԺƱȫһˣ
嵶һ֮ȴϲѣô˵ԺҲɵˣϢϢˡ
ȻǷһľһɱƣľˣڲˣڣ£ܹģ֮⣬ˣҲС
ڱ˱֮ˣ֮ԱǣŻ֮ѣ˵Ժζǿ϶ҪһģǵĶӣǻϼһѪ뽻֮к
ижǽɽϣǰľƣǰȻܾܾ֮λʳ
ħʦһǬڣڣֲòΪš룬ˣɶȹһأٴƬ½ʱٽɹ黹ϼҡ
ӹְ֮һ̣ϱо˼ϵĳصӣԺյɣҲҪƴػȥȻһСˣûȥɵλˡ
ɣһɣ۶Σһˡϲ̬֮ԥ֮ɫһɨգʣµģȫǼ㣬ȫŨŨս⣬ǰһȵ޿գ
ڡ֮е޿棬Ͻ֣Ͻǰһ
ң񣬡Ӵ˿ɳϣԸ⣿
޿汾ǳϵˣڸ䳤һְȻʵϣû䣬ٱ˵ôҲҪÿɣΪֻһʱ䣬Ҫǣ»ĺܲ
Ǻ޿Ҳ࣬ȭׯ˵ӣ޿һƴ
𣡡
ڣ
ΪɳϣԸ⡣
޿࣬ҿϱȵշʱǿϰٱֹȻֻܾһ²μţ
ĿƵĪϣĪ޿պͷһ޿áס϶ܾĪϣдĪϲԸ⣬ȻǿֲܵʳˣĪ־ܾˣղƣȫˡ
ĪϿϵĿ⣬⣬һ·ɳĵεΣǰǲƣΪ˵ػ棬΢΢˵ͷ
һϲ֮ɫȴδ֣һθߺȣĪϣԸΪɣγһְ
Ī۲μš
Īվ˵Ҳǵһ֪֡
ʿϵΪΪֱͣԼѡûдλϻʧ٣ڶ̶ʱ֮ڣٴӵλϣңλʵ˿ǰλϣرǸĪ۵ģֻһ˿֮˵ʲôʱ̤֮ȻҲпܻҪܳܳʱ䣬ǣܹһϣڲǣ
ҵѡûд
ζųϣһ˫۾ôԺֵ︡Ļǳϵһεʱϵɬģû뵽Ĵһɵţһ磡
ϼ˵ţ˽ܣΪɻɽޡ
£ܵĿХХУϲãս⣬һۣʹؿڡ
嵶ȣΪɵӣ
Ӳμţ
嵶ǧߣϥ򣬸Ӧ졣
ϻܣζʱһ˿飬ζȷز׽¶һЦ⣬ȴߣҪǸҶҰ˼ӣôʰ㡣
ɵӣֵͬܣüˣ˭ɵӣذٱ֮˭ɱɵӣɣݣ
Ȼɱ˵ⷬҲɱأǣڱԵµɣֻɱһѪ·ֻ밲һ磬ĽǱɣɱȮ
ǰ⼱仯ľƣɫڵҪšˮȵƣһҪɱ㣬ɣǰһУڣڳеɵӣȫ
һȣɵ


581 ƻŮۣɱ
ɵ
һ֮£˱㶯
Īۡ޿ավڳ֮ٺ棬껡սҲվڳ֮С벽ζվڳһߣͬҲС벽
ˣϹм䣡
ǰֻ嵶ǧɵӣӽ
۳һɫϹŨ̵ֱʹţɫֱָһڶǸȻȵ죬Ϊ˵ĵһ죬ҪǵѪͷ­Ϊأ
СӣǧˣҵĶ֣죬ɱ㣡ɱǣһڶҲʾغȵ켴תʮ˵һѰ¾ɱɱƣΪţҶ֪ƺмʵǣʮ֮Уοƽս᲻ˣˣֻһֱѹŰˣңҲҪλȥɱƣֻҪΧסΧһнǰУΪн۵Улϣ𣿵ʱֻҪһǲߣһڱлԪʯҩ似ȵȣУǣҿȼһڣΪĽһڵӣ˾
ʼƻȺۣʮ߿ʼɧ˵ʵڻǰĻ뷨ˣǲ࣬ΪǿǸܵһʲô֡
ֻҪΧסƾУͿʼ뷨ˣЩôмһڣΪһһԱ
ʱ뷨ģŽеѪҲ޷ˣ
˵ķӦϵЦݣӵ䵽ˣ˵ɱƣǲУҲУǣܹɱɵӣ˭Ҫɱһ佫ĵӣһٿƷԪʯɱһɵӣһǧƷԪʯɱһһƷԪʯɱһнƷԪʯɱһ߽ƷԪʯɱһʣһƷԪʯ
ȫѾǾɱһ佫ģܹõһٿԪʯƷƷƽʱôõ֡
˫Ѿ죬ɱǲңɱ佫Ҳǲܵ飬ɱһǾۻҵƷԪʯЩԪʯܶܶ£õȡԪõΪ
ʣЦһǱΪɱһʺѣҲˣҲᱻɱ˵һߣ
ģˣôˣɲôһˣ¸񰡣
ǣҲˣɱ佫УʱһٿƷԪʯ
ǶǼǳ絽ʱ֣ɱһʱһǧƷԪʯƽΣ
ð

𣬶ǵЦݣһգһϼ޻̴÷ǳãЩһսţﻹѡ
ңЩ࣬Ҳܷ񣬿ɱмܻлģ˳۵ĻԪʯҲνǲ˳۵Ļֱɱ˾ǣ
ʮ֮УҲѵˣͨеѵıϾٵһ֣޼ʮӴֱȫûʲô塣
Ⱥ۰γ˵ȡ˽˷Χ˹
ǧˣ˷ӿĺѹѹһƬȺ֮Уֱͳ˴һҶСۣʱܱˮûû
Ⱥ֮УϹܿɫ԰ޱȣ˳ǿ󣬿ǣǿ󣬺ʮ˱ʲôأн֮ʱϹ֪ܿԪܹڳʱԴԴϣˣӳޱȵĵǣ֮ҷ粻עʱ㾢һͳ˳ȥ
ϡҷع񣬴󺰵պȳһ֣ס죬תȵȥֻ·һ
ϹܿѾ嵽˳ϸǰ
һ罫Ϲܿɴζأ˳˵ģһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôζϿϹ̬֮ܿϧ֮顣
Ȼζߣ֪ô˺еһҪó֮ʱϹܿȴĬĬߵһ䣬ģֻ룬й֮ףˣȹһ٣
ϹܿģζҲ⣬˵ι㵽ɡϹܿζĻмԥȴ˵ɣڣ˺㡣
Ϲܿ˹ȥζվһŮˣһ棬ЩΣζ˵ʲô
ллϹܿǸªС
ζ˵ģҲ۸ģҪ㾺ҲҪʩᣬӲǻҵġ
ϹܿĬ
ζո˵ֿ꣬һԼ˵Ůӣվ˳ϵһߣζųϣ۾Ŀ⺬ԲҲȻȴǲɫﾫ˸
Ůӣǵɡ
һ֣ζϹ֮ܿľ룬׽ü֡
ʵ˿һĻСЩ㶣вӿͷԭСӣǸӣ
ЩҪΧɱɵˣһһȻûпòɵŮӣ£ȥҪͬ
ö˶Ľ޸治ǳ
Ҫ޸Ҳֵˡ

֮Ұͷ˿Ȼվ˳Ϻ档
ªϸûվȥǴȺ֮Уȴûܹ׷Χһһɴ䵯ȥ
⣬ǱģҪԪʯҪɱɣɱǣǾдѴѵƷԪʯˣ
ʮߣְĻȳ棬ɽҰɱ
ϿʮԪʯĶߣûһ˿⣬еֻЦɵӳ˵ɵĶǣ𣿡
£
ǵģʲôµģʮѣɱǣ˭ҪǵǾҪ˭ɱ⣡
ɱ⣡
Ǿͣ汾ţһɱɣɱһѪ³֣ɱ
ɱ
ɵҲоһѪӱ󣬿Хţ̤ǰȥ嵶ˣɱǰ
һȺͻɽҰĶǣ
ϴ޴ֻ֥ɺ棬һڳƺɱֱֻ𱣻ŮʣֻǸڳֱУ
̤գһ磬ֱɱ
Ҫɱɱնף
أһ߿ĵƿձƣ죬սɵӣս죡
ȴǵӣߡ


582 ݾս£޻ڣ
ʱϦбѪŨ
ϴ磬缤½죡
ֻһ˲֮䣬ϱҪɱǰǶҲǻ֮ȻҲ˵ǰһƻ֮ɱɫ䣬ʱ׳ϴʲô⡣
֪ǳ϶ֵĶϽȵסƣң
һ֮£ʮǰ棬ⶥܲݵأҪ׹ȥ׹ʮ֮УֻҪããȺ֮Уɱûôˡ
ǣƽʮȫɱ⣡
ɱ⣿ǲܵһ£Ц˵Ҫɾʹһ򾡣һڵĵλ϶ֱ˵Ҳһ
ϳɵӭ裬ǰʮһߣССϣҲ·
£ֳɫ
ĺóֱʮɣ
ûʹκ似ֻ׽Ԫն
ʮɫâסϡ
ϧ׽Ԫһն֮£ʮţãֱնƣţֲѴ֮㣬նԪ۵Ļ֣
һ˲䣬սм䴩ʮһ˳
ڳԶʱʮԼͬأˢˢأϿѪ󣬴ӿ׹ȥ
һߣ޲սľ̤ڿеҲһʱ䣬䵽Ⱥﶼţֻ׬ƷԪʯѣûбҪȥǸɱƴ
Ĵ̶ѿоһɱ󾪣ѵʮȻһϢʱ䶼ס𣿡
̽ȴûзʲôڣտҲɸһ̧ͷȴǰ棬ȷϺ󷢣ȴǸǰ棬ˡ
㡭
𾪣ǲ˵ˣһŻŵЦݵ˲ͱò԰һƬѪɫȫȻ
ҪɱģڣҸ⣬һ㿴ţЩˣһһɱǰ־ӣѿ
˵꣬ȶعһƸԴϣ˶һǰδйٶȣάֲסԪĹͨͣڿУ㺷Ȼ׹ȥ
ϣֱӱҵùͷѣʱ廹ǿûȴҽ˴֮С
֮Ը⣬Ҫɱһĸε飻ȻɱͷߣȺףطѿûս
ǣһ岻ˣԺɣǿ϶ΪʲôԪʯٴΧɱϲ뿴ĽɱһΣҪɱһ㣬ɱŷɥٲΪЩԪʯôҪġ
УûһӰڣҲããȺ֮У֮ʱһ𵴳ɵɱ㣡֮Ͻɱнʸ߽˵̫ǿǶʮߣʲô佫ǿɱǿ֮άָʱ䡣
ɱһߣ׷ױѿ
ɱ˳ɳӵĵҲϬޱȣһĻζʤ֮ģӴָȡһ쳤ɱ˳ȥûг֥ɺͽΧߣ˸ʬζЩơ
ǰϽꪣѾɱȫȾѪЦ˵ӵԴֵһԪʯҲ̫ˣôҲֵһǧɣ
ĪϺܣɱһ·һ·ɱȥ˿ɵĪǿשȻż켫ԪһһЩԾǿޱȣһҵһƬֻе۵ܣһ£һŲ£ǱĵϡãǸȳ⽴
޿աɱһ·һ㲻÷ΪףҡѾϡ٣һ÷ǱǾ춯أ¡
Сֻ֥ɺ棬һ͸һһ壬ȴѪΪȹ߽ѪǿϳѪСǣЩѪˡ
껡ս嵶һɱȥûгϡʵ˵ĸ߳ʵȴһһӡɱǰҲǲֹۡ
ں󷽣ƱһĿؿǰɱ¾ٵп˵ţСȻܹһ鷳ǣСӣţսӮˣǿ֮󣬿϶ᵽɽɱ̡
ڽնӣδȳᵽǰͻȥ
Ӱࡢɫ֮𣬻֣һֻ֣߲ƳȪˮߵǿյһƬǱɱԸٶȣ뿪ϵɱΧ
Ǿ󲿷ˣԩ޳ȴҪȡ棬˵˲ңҲˣ˷ңұػ֮ʮеǧ޾壻ݾս£޻ڣ
ڿУһʱڸ˵ײɱҽһЩ˱񣬿ǳѪЩˣȥˣȴǱЩѪȾۣ׺ɱǰ嵶ɱȥΪ嵶ǣЩ˵һʻԪʯ
һڵȺдȵΪ˭Ҫս£ͷ­£ţβ񡭡
תͷֱԴϷٳɭɭףȺ֮Уֱȥ֮ڵʮ׷Χ֮ڵˣȫ˱顣
һ·˵ǰ˻죬Ҫ˵ȥ䣬ˣҵҪοͷ­
ҡҡ
ղŻＤ˵ɫһڵӣʱˣû뵽лҵѸ٣ȫ֮䣬лˮȴǱŵʧ˿ӡ
ߡ
һߣһڵӣ㱣ž֮״ģ˱񣻴һתһֱ֣ǧ߱񣬺ȻѣŹͷһһ顭
С
Ļ棬һЩˣùġ
ϻδ嵶ǵļѴСֻ֥ɺɱȥЭ֮۳ͨĽԪ֮˴ʱǵѪҵġڼһʽն
ӰʼҫҹգѪ罦֮УϽնɱҲۺϵڼ֮УңʩչնʱĻ桭
ƶˣȴ˵Ѫ£
Ҳô֮ϵѪȾģѪ֮£ɱ¾ңսеǣɱʧȥǣʲôܣֻǱܵɱ¾š
ҷ粻֪ôǺò״ӵصĶյһҷＸ֮Ϲ֮ܿǱжȥ
ɱ¾ϣһĻ־󣬱ǳªϸСŮ˭Ҳ÷ԲڣαϽ赲⣬ȥһ£ȴеâ롣
ʱ䣬úܿ죬ûвսϹܿԽԽ
˾ͽˣ붫ҲԽԽ϶Сİ


583 Ҫ
Ѫ֮£д۹âй̳棬ɱдزҡ
˲ҽŵѪ䣬Ȼǣȳ⽴
ȥǣûбճɻңѳɳȫһ߾ߵʬ壬ǾѾѻһ߸ߵġ׳ʬɽ
ˣЩǷˣ
塢ڴ󺣡ΤˣûвƴɱڼԶ֮עһɱ
ȷѾƷԪʯһ߿ɥʧǣҲ룬ɱһԲʣܹģڴ˵
콣ų۾ﻹ̰ղΤ룬Ҳɱ¾ɵӵĶ飬ȻҲǽɱıݣĲųԪһ̣ʱĻᡣ
ѾϹܿԶϹܿûǰƴɱΪʵ²֣һĻĻѪȻ棬Ѿɫ԰׳һƬֱҪŻ²ѣȻ˵ȴǲ֪Σ
ͻأһˣҪϹܿɱЩˣһڵӣػϹܿߵ֥ɺ棬ֱ̳
֥ɺȫ̳ȥһ̣͵Ծն𣬾ӥץС˷צӣһ˶£
һ̣ζϹܿԶҸպûͷɫ䣬СģҪ
ζĻûк꣬ɱѵ
ϹܿعʱֻüбϣΪ϶óѣֻҪŮץƾͻԹĻͿΪΪˡ
ûнªֻץϹܿĲӡ
Ȼһ˲䣬㷢һҽУȴ֣ظ̴ˣľβһͣûȥªĹʲôָϹܿץȥ
ɾڿݽһ֮ʱζѾֱӽеķӵĵҲȥϰֻ֥ɺǷеֱϴȥеĵϹܿǰ
Ⱥ֮еҷ磬⻭棬ϽһλʦֶＸ䣬һڵӣЦݣһף㵽˵صףǰȥ
ҷ¶ЦݣﻹٸߣҲһç
϶ζУζΪϹܿг֮ʱϱز׽ˣڼһʩչͻͷһպÿϹ֮ܿࡣ
˲䣬۾Ѫ죡
𡪡
һХǰӴָȡ֣עȥֱಿλ
ϹܿȷʵЩţȴûмгƽޱȣȻϰȥţӲ˵ģ
δ䣬ӵɱζķϮȴǶԵδţҲûζķΪЩ͸첻ʲôص˺
ǣ֥ɺҲϮɭɭ̣赲̴˶ƣһҽУ
ҽУųŭ
ۡ
͸أֱѪһڣӱ渽ľ
ûԾնУֻ⺷شӴ֮ϣȺ֮Уһײɫ棬֮ҲѹƷֺڳ·ϵˣǱֱӶѣǱճޣóײѪⱬѣһˣȴȫͬһһ
ȫȻһ֮·
ٶȣڳŭ֮£̤նлҪݡ
ձ󣬳ϾϹܿʮףأ۾âһţرҡ£һƵĲҽӵص
ţص޲ҽҷȴȺУˣڵصףҪֽϹܿץסʦִ˿̿϶һ̲⽴ˢѪɫ
ҪץҵŮˣҪ
һԾںһתһǹɵ˳ӰΣ̵˶ǰǹһǹֱɫޱȲ԰׵ĶĲջóǹŶת
ӻؾȵжʯһǳɣ
ֻҫɫâǰ״ȺܼĵطȻһĴִӣʯһϽгǹӳǹŶֱӴǳɫʯ֮ϡ
һⶥǺɫʯ֮ϡ
ɫ԰ףȴǲϽҪǹԼγȥľˣһΣǳǹȴ˿
ţնǹոӣоأֱǧѹϣѹ͸ֻҲ̧
ǡôˣ
ⶥǲףӽŵĺɫʯǳϢŽ֮Ч
ʱܲҡ
Ĳ״û꣬˫һԲԪ棬һƬɢڵصĵǹꪡԡֵȵȷȫ˿Уǵǹ⽣⣬ɱڵֱָǶ
ȥ
һߣʱϰٵѪףַѾȫӣһ飬ɡΣںɫʯϣѪµҫ£Ӻˡ
ûһΣӵǰžž£һ飬ֹԱ֮󣬳һָͷǽڣɢһɲоδеĻ۾ųϣ֪ΪʲôҪ
㲻ȥġ˵һ㿴ţúõؿţ
˵ָ꣬ð棬ʩչںɫʯ֮ϣ潫ȼ𣬱ͬʱӿڣţʯ֮ϣǻƴ󺣰㲨ӿȺȵһǺڵģ
£ȴǻصϹܿǰϹܿ˵һ䣬Բ𡣡
ҿǲܣû¾ͺá
˵ţʮָ׽ԪâֱȻ͸ض룬âһƬطʹЩ֮ˣٴӵ¹
ţϷҪսֻ߳عͷζ˵ǣ׼£
ʲôף
ζŭػһ䣬ȴվϹܿĵطγн֮ƣǳЦݣվһŮպγһǡ
طսΪޣѪȷ磬ٴ
ɱ¾ɱ¾ɱ¾
ʱü죬˶ˣ嵶ǣֱὣǼޱȣҧɱڵֵܵıҲάֲסˣ޿աĪϡܻһ𣻾ʶоЩ֧
ǣȴȻٱжƣ֮۳ĳ翳в˰㣬һ˵ȫѪûһѪԼģ֮Ѫ
Ǻһɱ
ǣˣɱˣɱˣɱƵˡ


584 У
ʮգ
ʮһյĳѾ¶Ӱ
Ƭأȫ˺ɫɢŨѪζΪȫѪȾģ͸ģ
ɱ¾ڼ
ǸѪɫӰǰԪۣȴԱȾѪĳ͸ɱֻ̧֪𡢷¶ٴεֱۣȻڻţ
ȥ˺ܶ࣬ҹҲǲ٣ЩҹˣһڵΪףӱعвģһǣֱͶƴɱ֮Уɱ϶죬š
Ϧб¿ʼڶ賿һӶϢϢҲϢһϢܾͱʾĽ
ɱˣرǳʱ䲻߲ݵɱ
֮ɱѾ˵㣡
ӵĵޡ
ʣҲоЩԲˣϣ½ţȻɱǰ棬ӿôѹôصĵӣǴǶԣ
ûд𰸣ȴ⺷ɱ˳ȥ
ĪϵҲص嵶ǵӪԪӽڿݽ֮£о似ʩչʹǻͨûʲô
ȻֻˣǵĵҲˡ
Ҳû۵ģֻǸͬɱӰ
ɫʯϵס֮£ûȥԣؿɣƽʮˣɱܣ˵һſ־ӣ˸ѿϮȫ
ʱȥûԮɱһڵĵӣɱһ飬ҷ磬ȴǻһȺɱ˵ȺУ˵˱Ե
ɱ¾ϣ˶ģҲ˹Цѹ·Ų֪ĸ裻ﲻͣţ͵ˣرġ
ЩˣȴǷˣ
˵ҪǺڵģ˵ǰһǰüˣʱ糱ˮһ㣬˶ȥû˸ΪʲôԪʯǰƴֻƴӡ
ǸŵԪʯģ˺ɫʯϣ
ӵȺУвţ˵н𣿵Ϊʲôû
ʱһǰ·İˣŭʵٲÿϷºˡ
ô춼ȹȥˣٵȼʱֺηһ˵Ц˵־ǿߣոҲҪ˵죬ʲô㣻ɶһ˵⼸죬һּ尾
ڣһ̲ȥˣҪ֣
׼֮ʱͻһƿâ⣬ղ˵۾һݣһץâȻȡһ
̧֮ͷһ˵ȻƼԸȥǵĲ裬ǾͲǿˣ߰ɡ˵꣬ó·
һ۾һУĥǲˣʲôͬʱҲǰ㻮ȥһû׷Ҳû쳣״ﲻʣΪʲôı⣿
ţһȴٶȣǣƣҵ֮ʱ֮ʱ
İۣҲٶȥȴǵٵõӱץƳΪţɵӴɱߣҴϢҲ͸˼ƻ
ֻ֮һڵע֮һڵʵһҲɾʹǱضҪɽɽĿĻûʵ֣ǵص֮ûȡȻɽûζҪЮơ
ԣǰһˣҪһ֣ȥɵľ󲿷ȻֻƱ׷ɱɽҲͰȻ
ϲ֪һѾɱҲֹͣɱʣµˣѾȫɥ˵ɱ֮Ѿǹ
Դ֮֮һδ鱱£һ֮һأȴɱ֮
ϣ˿ۣһҹɱġڼ÷ȼȵĻľɽɱһǧ˴ġڼֻ൱ƷأʮѪֱáڼһԾȼֱƷ֮
ڵġڼӦܹסżûзҩ֮ǰǹһϻһĻһĻҽѵأն絶ռ磬ҷնԪնţеһУںϵһֽΣɽܶ𣿡
˼ţͻظоһøŨǷֲ˷
Ũ
ûۿȥȴǽɢȫſȫĵȥܣԽԽԶһףס
ˣȴûͣ£Ȼ죡
ףİף
ֱ֮ʱҲǰһҲǾȣһҹɱشڼҲչ˿ĵز
ԪĹͨǿΧҲؿǴһʲô磿߽ǶϻûĴ𰸣Ժȴһ⣬˵ɱʵʻһ磬ֱɱˣأɷҲУʹ
뵽˫һУһԣԸоЩ˷ӿӿǹâɣȴƫƫ˸о
ܴˮܴҲܴӦҲԴɡ
ҲǴ󵨣ڣЩսڣһЩɢˣ֮ǰż岼̽ͷŵĺŵÿ졣
ңЩأֱɢ
ϸоֱ仯һһˡϾΪڿǿ֪˶ٻأҪЩȴЩģѵҪһһ
ͷ𣬱Ҳ֮ȥҲû㹻ԪһϽüһƺұ۵
ûػӣϮ壬ϵѪ⣬㿪ʼֻΪϵ̫ǿָʴѾ˳ϵСģʱһвأȥ
أ˳ұ۵һӴǾ㿪ʼϴ󾪣аԥ׼õһŶ
˵Уɢһɶ켴ղŸʴĵطЩѪٴθԭ
ҪɱȴУ磬Ҫѵöࡣ
ţٽӿڣеȴԽԽ࣬εģԽԽ࣬гϡ
ԽԽŨ
ʱһƬе֮ʱеѾŨ£ѾоЩŨ̺֮ĪĻ
ֻǣЩ֮ʲôطأһ֮£ԼѹԪľʼ֮ѹ


585 ѹҺΣһ浽
ڳϽ֮ǰս𣬶Ȼգȴûܸоһů֮⣬ӿһһĺ⡣
ȳ֮˲Ÿоůٴλصǵ
ֱֱųϣزղŵıʣͳѲĹϵȫ۶ȥʲô
ζŮҲǿǸӰŵģǹģ
ĪϵȵɵǣȫĿ۽ڳϣǶһѪսţֻѾΪϵһ߾߱ġ֧ʬ塣
ɱƵǣվĳϣҶֺһɱͽǸնߴ顣
ΤˣȴвһʣôͱǿΪⲻϵϵĸ𣿡
ϲ֪Ǻ뷨ֻԼڵ֮ƴѹ֮ľԽԽСڵ֮ΪŨֱoī㣡
һףʮףʮףʮס
֮ѳһСţȻ֮ɫȴڵþڵ͸ڵôۣһСź֮ʱȻ̫˻ȥ
ȻѾֻһСˣϻڲͣѹ֮ҲԽԽ󣬾һȦһȦѹ֮УоЩڴЩ
ǰʱȥֻĴָС۾ϬĿ⣬Ȼһѹϱ㿴һĻ𾪵Ļ档
ǴӺҺΣ
һŻƶС
ɫҺΣ
⡭ϿԼŪɫҺΣֱЩɫҺΣɲˮǽʮ֮󣬴ɵģŨѹ£ȴǱҺΣ㹻ҺΣǻ᲻ɹ壿ˣɱ𣿡
ԺʱķͷܱգɱǷҲɱնննһɱնˣ
նɱɱΪãֶһŵƣֻϵɱƺôŨ
һȦϵĿǺڵ͸Һ֮ϣȻһҺΣȴûжʢţǾڴָУǴָҲֱӱʴɡ
󣬳ͬиʴ֮ЧȪˮɫҺΰסȪˮҺͬΪҺ壬ȴμݣȪˮҲڱʴס󣬳Ͻ̽ڣΧһһ㣬ҺΣӦҲܸһϲˡ
Щ󣬳߻ɵӵߣǧӣ֥ɺ濴ĵǲֻ࣬ȴ˺üˣʣµҲƣдۣϿ⣬׼ȥǻָһ£߳һ⣬ܴΧͬʱָ
켴ϼǧԪڤ٣סǵ֣ȻͨԪڤٴݵӣʡ֮䣻֮һɱ֮УҲǳ٣
ϱΪˣǳªϸݣѩôһ𣿳ªϸҪʲôȻע⵽ƴɱ֮ʱªϸ״ȻδϸоʲôֲѹȴһֱʵӦúǿǿǹżҩۣҲûлʱҲĶ֡
ªϸҲھųϵֶΣţСӣòϵĹŹֲ٣ղžȻԴѹһҺΣȥЩΪת֮⣬ǲħ٣ɢЩԶϢ
һʱ֮˶һ̬֮ƣ֮࣬ȫһɨգʧǻɢֱǸоƴɱʮʱû⣡
ҪջԪڤ֮ʱʣǳªŮ㶼̧ͷգһ׶ĪƮһƣסһƬ⣬ŴһӰѹŭХڣǵض
ͫ͵طŴ󵽼£֮߳ǸӰǵƷϵһۣھʦ֣һ档
ߣ
Ͽһ棬һӦǶɵ˵ôһ֣һܱлҪԣҪɵӳ
Ȼûûһߡ
ɵǵ˼ǣһǰǧȫȻûõģʮߣǰ֮һ
ˣϳ˵Ϊʲô
ţ
֮ǲ𣿡
ǡ嵶ɫΪѣζȴЦ˵˶ߣȻߣиͬҲҪͬ
һսһ̣
Ҫôν𣿡˵Ǳǧ򽣶ںɫʯϵĶȴǿЦʦ棬ˡתԳϴȵƣʦˣڵˣɱٶ࣬ҲûãֻһɵǣȫҪһҲ
һЦ֪㣬ȴҪˣ
Ϸڣ˭
һɫһһ֣ԭںɫʯϵĵǹꪵȣȫɳţһǰһָЩֱնÿһƳɢȻ
Ҫ˭ҲȲ
˫ֻһԲһ˳УһУЩնĵٶȱͬʱһĻһҪΪʱջ˻Ƕ
ʱɫѸ֮ɫĶһţˣһٰԪУһһȴȫޣлܣɥʧ
һŭȻˡˣö۾ϣ˵ʦ㱨ģǧΪ죡
˵꣬һҪһߣȴϺȳһ֣䣬ͱըһɾ޴֮ͷųֱϮһ档
һ棬ӸŭˣƣϷҪȡ˵ţһƣƴһߣǹӴ˿ȥɢڿС
ϰľн۹Ȼͬ죬ղһʮ岨ǹżĻҲҪһˣһ˵ֻǸպùеǳǰעʱһӽȥģʱֻһȴû뵽ó
Ȼһһ֣չʾ˵ɳûо壬ЩȷѾٴαתնһ棬ңÿһϣ˳ϵ
ͬʱǸɫʯҲֱײһ档
ϿлȵɵھŲɱǸͷ
ֶ֮ɵӺζߣҵطһġ
ҲߣζֱӻصҶҪһ𡣡
ҪػУִһ˻
̧ͷһȴһֻƵ


586 ˭ûʸ
ʦ
ִ磡
Ƶ˻֮ȴִϲõĽкϲһ㶣켴ƵϾǺˣִǻ峤Сİʦģֻ¾Ǹˡ
жӳӿֹͷģģֵʲô
ɳϻûмжȥȳ֣Щ˲䣬ȫȻըϯͬʱǺɫʯҲһ𱬿ֻǣеһǰʮף޷ֺ֮
ңһһЩ㱻ǿʹǷƵ񣬳ϿѪɫ𣬴ȵСİ
СİȻȥ䣬ʱҲͳ佫Ϊѣ֮ߵĿ׹£ˤڴϣֻһǾǷǣ
ǣСİϵĺԥأŶԾ˷ƵȥӰǰСİ˸ո뿪ƵǷƵı䷽򣬱㱻УʱмСİҲܵ³Ѫ
ۿҪͷ׹أϼԪڤ٣˾˹СİǵѪǸ˵ִ磬ˡ
ȴЦˣСİһƣҷǳˣǣȷʵΪǿܻΪ˶
ִ磬ڰԨ֣ˡСİҪûһɫʱ򣬾ûŻȥȻҵʵܵͣǣƴҲƬ̵ģ
ЩȻǰ˵ʦܽʦ𣿡
ϿߴӣһʱĬ˵Զûжٶ飬ȴǾôԶǧˣϳĬΪϻǲӦæ˵ĹûңƤ֣⹻Ҳܵϼѵӣҡ
Ϻһǰ˵ʵԱҲ赲Ƭ̣壬ȴ˼ģȶ˵ãҾͽܣƵĴͽܣ
ʦϣͽһݡ˷ѧűǣؿͷһѽǲЩ񣬶ңʱֻҲܽʲôһǣһ𳷰ɡ
ִ硭
ʦ
ͬʱȴЦŴǣ˻صɵӪһûгûֻǶʩչھŲɱ֮䣬ȵֲδԭͽͻƽɱھŲ㣡
֮ҲֻѪʩչֻЩɢһϣȴûһɰ˺۹ϬнۣԲȣȷʵ֮
ִԲ򣡡
һ˵ţЩɸֵζָ䣬ƽâǽâĹߣֱϮ̫֮Ѩ֪֮ǹ߻У϶ͻڵ˹ߣֻ϶Ѫϲ²ܸûойء
Ǻϴȵ֮ʧȥ˼䣬֪Լ˭
ʧȥ˼䣿һһѼȥĹߣȻʧɫȴһЦҪЧ֮ܰǣһȻǣƵЧ΢΢Ҳʤޡ
֮䣬֪Ϸ˭
֮ȴǽ۾ϣ˵¡
󵨣ʦ֮֮ܺһȣһֱϣâ൲˲ٵâϣǹ߾Ȼֱ͸âϸϽȡۣ֮ߵû䴩ۣ֮ȴ͸һǿܣƴ൲Ȼٲ
پһҲǾȣڳϵ֮ܵסĹ𣬡żϣӣ
˶ûע⵽ǳªŮż塱֮ʱ۾ӿ⣬ֻԱߵСŮڻš
Ҫץȥúоһ¡һʱھõ˵壬ЦղŲҪǧ𣿡
ûϷǰ˵ʸ񣡡һһ֣һƬߣѤϣʩչˮУ𣬡ǿߣа취
ѾϽꪣһƬɫ֮նһƬߣȣһ㣡
˵꣬Ͻꪴǿĸ֮ն£ȻŽӴǹߣϽꪱȻѣǴ֮𣬸ǺȻ
ۿǹ߾Ҫ͸룬ʾҪѪɽȴһɴӲʸ˳ˤڵϣһ澪Ȼܽʾȳȥ
һͻͷղֻһªϸһʮҵСŮһӿ֮Уȵʲôˣ
ªϸҲֻ˵ǵ㹦Ь䣬ϽĵˣԶ˵أҪ
£ոѾŵϢΪʹȥȴϻ˾˻һף˵лǰ֮
˵ϻϽˡ
ʿ˿ϣֿ˿ڵӣҪ˵ʲôԶһȴ϶żپӢӣڸϵ
ô
ѾˮУӭһƬߣУǣ߽Уȴ˳תҪиը
ҧ֡
һȴªϸΪʢŭȵ㵽ʲôˣ
ªϸбһûǰ˵ʸ񣡡ªϸһ˵仰һ֮ǰԳ˵Ļһ֮⣬ȫһģһֻһȻʮֹ
һ治һͣнۣȴ˺һҲʱ˾ȳȥ˵ϸмʵΪϸʸ˵仰ҪָªϸһЩѵȴûϵªϸȳˡ
һɫӡֱϮ
ʼ˲ƣʵӰ壬ХһҲҪľѵƣһӳڵģһֱάŵĴݵˣǧҫ۳ɹ⻹Ҫֱۣӡȥ
ӡײӡʱѹ£ԽѹԽͣһݴ䣬ţʱ·һҾ绹Ҫߵۣ⾿ô¶
ţҪٴγ֡
ȻӡѾѹˣһؿӡȥһһݣâһɫȦӡ赲⣬Ҫͼ֮ʱȴ
һ治ᣬˮУɲƷϵǸˮС
أȻƲסˮУֱһ棬ȳһ֡
켴Զһ棬˵ʱ߳һȺȺ˵м䣬վһϤˣ


587 æ
翴ϸ⣬ΪϸʱĿ⣬Ҳ֪ϸҲûϵϸ
ڲ²ϸֵͬʱҲûдʧһᣬһ汻ϸƵæ֮ʱѽӽڱԵˮ˳ȥ
ӳȥʱ򣬳ϻ˽ʮ
⣬вٵڲ̺ܡ
ڳϿˣԶһִըʱȴһˣرмǸˣЦţЦţһһϵ죬ƺ˵磬ˣڸϵˡ
ˣ˾ͽԱߣվİ
˵СİͶ˵ĵóܸж˳һȣ˾ͽĵˣԴ޳һ֮󣬳û˾ͽһϢ
ǣڴʱ˿̣˾ͽȴˣ޷˵ˣϻƣ֮ɫ֪һ·ϣ϶ûаϢ
ϵ۾Щʪ󣬿ӣȴٿˣǼʹȦηֱһȥ˾ͽǰСİκʧ
ԣҲ޷ˣӭǱըɱȥ
˾ͽϳһ棬Цһ֣ͣȣмʱڣǸŽǵˣţ˾ͽȡһųһȣѧԪСǬת֮һ𱬷һֻǹ䣡
һֻרӦϸʩչӡԳϵˮУ˵Ʒ壬ϾͱһˮУͣһΪҪΪ˾ȺھǸˮУһ˾ܿˣһ治ǰС˲֪ٱˮз˵ҲȻ
ȻӡոѹһĽɫȦһȭӡ˲䣬ˮбըеĹߣһͬըǶʮ͸˵ˡ
ڱըһ̣һ浹ǸоˮΣգȻûҪˣһΪСˣҲǴĲ
ǣһȴڲ
òӲˮеĿֲ壬һѪӿֽһ飬Ҫǵ۾磬ΪͼΪǿĻһ滹Ҫܸصˣ
Զڼ֮ĳϣҲǹ̶Ȳ󣬱ϾʷȦתУٴټ֮壬ת֮ҲΪǿ
һһ֮ʣӡѹ¡
һѪ
һ洭һɱ׷Χ֮ڣЮ磬žغһͬʱϼԪע֮һԪжʮ
ϵעԪֳƣ̲ݻһ滺ԣЮǰ֮նһʽڼ
һ汻ӡӡǿͣӡǵǸħӵľ֮һǰĿùӡܣ˭
һ뵽һܣɲȥԺͻȻһʹ˲٣ɫ䣬磡ھʦܲ˵СֻϢֵúܸߣߵ֮࣬ʵΪߣôܷһǰԵδŵ硣
ţһҲγһѽƴǣ繥֮£Ȼڿɢ
ѣһˡ
ϸĹһ˺󣬲ûʲôóϽˣʱӿһǿҵĳУ
ʱڼն
ƽƽʵʵһնȴ̺ʮ似һҲǱǡڼ¶ĸ⾳һʱסСӣƷ壬ǿ˺ö࣬ȷҲǣǿôܽһɽλһһ£ֻǣǿʱ̫ˣɳ̫ˡ
һ֮£һֿ൲ڼɿȥʱﻹ˾ûоԵİսסھʦܴ壬ǾҪٳɳȥȥĻǱħӸĴڡ
ڼͣȴҲûһص˺ϾһǻʵнۣɲǹżҲˣҩս׵ۡ
ڼһѪٶȣؼӿ졣
ͬʱ˾ͽ˵ļ𣬴󲿷㣬ڰоȥֻһСִ֣ܵһ׷Χ֮ڣЩҲûˣֻ˾ͽǸǹЮһ档
ֻϧһһӣһǰѳǹֱӸ˷ĩӿƮ䣬ֹҲ֣ܳϷ֣ͽܳͷɣ
켴һһģһĳǹʾԲһĳǹӿУֱ˾ͽ
˾ͽ״ɫһ䣬ȴس鵶Ҫȥֱĳǹ
һ˵н۶һֻ佫˳֣˾ţҲɣϧֻһ£ǹȻ˾ͽֻҪ֮һϢʱ䣬ܽ̽˾ͽʱǹȻѿ
ʱ˾ͽģ˳£ǳªϸˡ
˾ͽʹáǬת֮ʱªϸע⵽˾ͽϸղűѰȫ˿ȴֲҪȥĻ棬˲١
˾ͽ֮󣬳ªϸΪɣĴ£ԽԽ޳ˣۣȻһ佫֣ǿЦɣ棬˵һ棬ҲԳϸһӡ֮󣬲ٳϣ֪ʲô˼
һϸѿ֮ɫҳϸղһ칥ٴЩæң
ϼһ湥˾ͽŭ֮ɵɱ㣬ҹɱնɱӱ屶һҲֱӸնɫ԰ףڵء
ϴ˾٣ҪĿģȴǹһ棬һע⣡
ʱһѾ˳׷Χڣһ˳ף繥£Ҳн֮һ٣ֻ֮һн۵˵ҲǺôһˣһҲʱףֻ׷Χ֮Ч£㻹ܡ
һҪڼҲȥһȺЩɻ󣬶ۿȥ֮仹Ϸ˹ɱھŲ㣬ûʱ׽ԪʩչնɱӴĵھŲɱһϮȥ
һȻһиע⣬ȻˣҲƵƵʩչնɱͬʱעһһ
ͽնɵնôƣնǣϷǰֻһЦ˵ţһն£ǿӿɸߵľκ˵ն
ϺԥһСڼСڼǰͽһ
ţʩչסס켫ԪһһףƺƵһ档
ɫ֮Ȫˮȥ
һƬȪˮ֮УһŽȻͬҺδڣ
ҺΣ


588 
ʲô𡭡
һȻµһɽչأڴ½ߣΪ۵൱һߣӵһǾѾǷǳˣˣʮ֮һ
˫ԣԣż壬ǽȴӵ𡢳Ϣ켫ԪһԽΪ֣Ǳ˵޼Ǿ޽Уֻһң޷ֺš
ǣڳһǰǣɫһпܣӾǳɫǣһɫ֮УԵظоǹżӵе켫ԪһϢ
ɴ˵ɫ𣬲ˣǱúɵġ
һ澪ˣӵмԵģȴûܽͬһԣںһģ֪ͬ磬ҪôʤҪôǻ𣬾ֹܳ档
кҲˣȴܹһ壡һ𾪵ĵطţֿ֮Ȫˮǰõ𣬻ǸɫʯԣΪԣֲСӣܳɳ˿죬ֲúھʬҪõ壬Ǻھʦռ壬ÿľ괺󷨣
һûȥֻǶų˵ϷҪ㻹ܸҶ⣡
⣿кܶ࣬㿴ꡣ
˵꣬ɫһеϮڷӣǷԪ֮Ҫɱ飬֮ȴҪճޡ
ֽȻ෴֮Ӧж࿹ȴƫƫܹ棬
ˣЩһ˵һն£𺣣ֱն룬ˮһ㣬߻֮ٽʮ״
ţһһ֣ҪԴԪɫȻһˣֻɫһҡڣûɫϨ
״һüͷ΢壬ʱȪˮֹһ۾һˮֻˮУϷҪγɣţһ㽫ʼʩȪˮǿԵعɫ
Ȫˮʹ֮ʱǿҺδȪˮеֱһ棬һ˫ĿɣΪоҺһӴϢ
ͬʱһ滹һ־֮С
ָоֻڸղŶӡʱйҺΣȴΪľ֮УЩϢ֮У
һʮֽ䱸ȻͷųԪҺ赲⣬Ԫȴ̽һ
ʵϣһûзȻҺһܽӴҺξӣȻ֮ǰϴûмжǣӦò
ǿһ״Ӧòں潫ҺνС
ҺνӴӣҪǾը˵ɲ˶˺ɣ˼ţѾûɫȪˮת
һ˵עʺ÷ֶںɫҺ֮ϣԲǰָоˣּ۹ߣˮ֮УʹóϿƼѣǹ߻ƴ߰㣬Ȫˮɫ๥
ǹߵʲôҲ𣿡
һθоһн۵ǿ󣬳˶Ըӡ֮⣬һһֱǹԣɽǹĹߣͲཫϵĹʽһɾ
Ҫս
ţԺģͣնڼڼ֯һ棻ϻԪڤ٣һԪڤ٣ִޱȣֱʮɽϰ˿ľƫƫȴޱȣһ棡
һ濴Ԫڤٵһ˲䣬оԪڤɢϢʱʧȵУһ̣һУһ̥ˡ
Ϳʼۼڵ磬ҽе綼۳һҲһι֮󣬳ϵ֮磡
ƴˡ
һжȵһ˲䣬ϼǵ磬ͬʱӼǰȥҪһս
գȴԤ׵һ磬ֱһޱȡ
ңһ濴磬ǸСʩչģôܹͷ磿ܿƣ𾪵ͬʱһϽȫĵȥԿ磬ڼԪڤ٣ǵοûʲôΣգȴĪľҺΣҲˡ
ϾӵеȨȴһҪǣһо̺ǿĿ֮·ŭҪĨȥĴڰ㡣
һˣսˣ˲
ªϸˣʾˣζŮҲˣ޿ա𾪵ͬʱȴһ˷ܣ˾ͽȵˣˣһĶţ磬硭
رһ𣬺£һֽºûߣڿһ˲䣬Ժﲻɸһͷѵʹ߲ɣ
ģ嵶ˣǿ˵ϱĻ棬ٿһĻ뵽ѵŽЩ磬Ϊˣ
һΣǼ֮ߣ̫֮ͬ㣬ͬʱԪӭ缤ĿУ¡
žһһϣ˵
繥Ϭֱӽһǻ̫һϣɫߣһϵҴܣһΣرɣȻһɣס
ȻһλڱС֮Ҳӽޡ
ǻᣡ
ŵĳϣһȫĶԸ磬ñԪҺΣɵһϣɢԪ䣬¶ޱȵҺΡ
һһ·ϣ·ʴѸײڶ֮ƣ͸һ壬ս룬㱬ѿ
ʱ䣬
Ѿԭεһ棬˲ͷýڣƤҲɺľͷƤȵǱ֮״ϽԻԪ
Ժһη𾪵캧ˣôܹСӵʲôˣܿ磬ܿ
ʵһҲоǣһռѣߣòռӴˣҲ޲䣬ʮֲء
˽ѵǰһ˼ɵؽнΪȫɢҪЩ⣬ǣЩ˸һ㣬Ѫ⣬һ𣬲ңɢһӴǼ͵ľʼһ㡭
һ澪òپǡڼնϣնѪۣԪڤײӣٱϸСȫסȡԪ
ɳ


589 նâ
˴磬˵ʮҺΣнֱۣӱڴˣֻϧ磬ֻһһΣ
ţٶȿɲ߿ţ߽˫˫ŵѹһһóϲҪѹȥ飬Ѿоֻϴʹ֮У·ҲгܲסҪƵģֻΪֻѾӿʮ
ˣϻչɲ֪ǲΪԵʣЯ磬Ҳ
ˣҲ繥ֱһ棬˼鷳һһͷʹ֮У˫ĿŭضųϣȻ벻ϴ⣬Ĵö࣬Ҳöࡣ
£һӿоƿҪܹҲñ׿⣬ԣһ
н۵ٶȼ죬ϸ֮ϣȻսãϾһùڳһûлܸɶ˺ɶ˺ҪǵˣǾͺǲˡ
ԣʹԴԴϵڼЩڼܹһһЩС˿ڣһѪ
ζ˿Ͻн׷ŴɱֱΪռϷ磻Щս֮ˣΪֻʣǳªϸгϱˣ֪һֱ
ҪǳϵҷǳЧǳڵĴ֪жңһ濴ƱߣȴʱԷ̣Ͽ磬ʵʱܴھһ֮أʮģֻǸĳªϸ˾ͽľٶӦҲڳΣ֮ʱȣҲΪˣϲСһϣ
ȫ̽еĺڹѪһ룬øнۣпܲżĺ󳾡
Ͽ˼ڤܸн˺ֶֹΣ뵽¶ģһҪʱ䣬ᣬԵУа
ϽеʱһҲİ취Ѿ˰쾢ˣһ滹ǲܽ⣬һ淢֣н۵Ϊѹס䲻͸ٸʴѪ⡢
һٰ֮£ֻ˶ΣΪѹƣһѹƣȴһ治ٵԪΪЩҲڸʴԪֻٶȽ
ͬʱһ滹Щƺ󣬲ǰòռǰԵӦ󲻾òŲģֻǣôҺأҲΪҺ֮żӴô࣬ҲҲҺйϵ
һʱҵ˿ķҲһǱǽն̫ϳʩչһСնڵ֮ڣ׼Ժǵâ
ٴʩչڼ֮ʱǵնâҲۺ棡
СնâġڼǰڼһһХȥ
ʱһոջ֮һԪסʱʽ⡰ڼնԭƾһΪܹظоڼ쳣ģ֪Ϊ٣ѹסЩɣԳϵķŭԸӵĵزʧΪЩڼܻɶ˺ԣһС֮УԵˡ
նâնһʱһˡ
ֻǣѾˡ
һϣ̳һǰδеĳ˿ڣâնı۰򴦣˲նĽƤ̿Ѫ⣬Ȼնɭɭ׹ϡ
һ涯Ѹ٣ԪӿȥҪȻĹͷ˵ᱻնһ˿ѷ졣
һʲôâȻ⾳͸šն⾳Сôģһţնâ˺˿ڣ˾ҵʹ
Ѿܾûˣһоʹˡ
𡪡
һޱȵطŭһ𣬽ϵԪڤ٣˲ը˷ĩųϣȵСĽϷŭˣḶ۵ģ
ˣ
Ϸ㣿Ϸ𣿡
ҪܣҪǲ£վԭأɱ
⻰һ˵һͣҪͣȴֲͣ߿ţ߼˵Ҳʩչ磬ҲûˣǵâҲնˣĹҲɲʲô˺ͣҴȭ
˵滰һȴΪϾ˭ƴɱ֮УԼĵϸ¶أ
ԣһʮֵĲţţͣ£䱸˺ų̈ףԷųͻȻϮ
㶼ͣн۰
Ϸ򲻺ѿ֮
Ϊ飬㲻磡ЦݣּЦ˵û뵽нۣôһųģѵôãֻѧثֲɣ
С
һȻˣŭȣȴһݣüб壬һĻ˵һ𣿡
ʲôһһ壬

һȴ¶ЦݣʵôģﻹţôģҶҪˣ
һȭҴһȭ˭ȱ˵һٴһ澪ȵĶ֮
һȭһȭһɫ֮ǰδϷһƴɱӳϣϼȻĶ֮Ȼбϵģ˵ʲô⣬һȭ֮еԣһ̽˵Ϸ򡭡
Ͼ֪һʲôһ˵꣬ͶȻȵѵ㲻°ңȻ㲻ңͻһɽɽҺģ
Ϸһģ
¶ЦֻҪ˵棬ЩһڵĴһǱβһҪʧȥǣߣҲ֪ǳʲôҩɵҪ⡣
һӦ˵Ϸһ
˵
һüͷһ壬ܲˬϵһϵһֲɺ޺˵Ҫ֪ôܽڹģôռҺεģ
֪
һȻҪϬ似սֱôһأŪûܽ˻ᣬͻ۾硣
ЦԶϾ㡣
СϷŪϷ򣿡
˵滰ȴǲţһʲô취أʼ磬ϺɣƵᣬʵϣڵԼ״̬
һ浱Ȼų˵ĻУŭӳ


590 
½֪Ԫ벻˵ģǾ
ǶߣἫ仺Ƿʲôĵرи˲ϧԪʧΪͨȫȵȣһɾ͡
ߣǱ䶼޲ãϣ̷֮ǰʮ꣬һȫʹʮ꣬Ԫôһ
ˣһΪϷˣҪŭֽѵ֮ʱϼЦ˵ȻʵֻԼŶѣƾ̣ⲻоˡ
ǧǧߣ˭ţ
ϵȻ֪˵ģţħʦ⣬ֻ¾ǵλʦҲ뵽һ죬ԪԪһ̯֣˵ǾͲҵˡ
ϷϷŪģ˵ţһ溷ȻɱȥһƬߴϿǹߣ۾㲻ӿһΪţܽⲻ֪ʲôɵĹҲˣڹ϶϶һֲ
ȻҲֻˣ򲻵֮ʱУǹ߿ɲɵģŪãԼԼˣǵ˷ƴ֮ʣҲһüͷ統㣡
һ߳ŭ޲һ¾ͽɱӣЦɴӦҶѵһۣ᲻Ҫ棬һڲɣ
ããã
һҧгһ˵á֣˭óŭˡ
Ϸһȭ㣡
һҪ֣ȴһȣס֣
Сˣ
£һбۣ˵ôнֻۣһССѣѵ㻹Ҫȳ֣ѵ㻹ȳ֣Ǵȥֻ¶һڣġ
˵ʲôҪϣһ㳶棬һǻΪάĹ󣬶Эڣһ治ȳϽ˵꣬Ȼȵ˵ϻϷȴһȭ
š
ʲôҪ󣿡
ǶԼ涨ֻȭͷǾͲ÷ϻû˵꣬һ˵ö
⻰֪һҲܾǹճһĨЦݣҪҲ˵ģΪѾԽԽһĻǾƿɾЩ̫ˣԣ϶غȳһã
һҲû뵽ϻӦ˸ɾ䣬ΪϾһɱﵣȴּ˵⣬̷ҩ
һüͷ
ҶѵǰСӶԴ򣬻´򲻹ҪҩĻ˵֪һġǰˣһӵ½ǶȿסˣһҪᵽʦ䣬뵽ԼΪԴ򣬾СЩŹ֣ӦҲòŷʲôҩϾΪľ޴蹵ɿԽ
ǣҲɴ˵ã
УҴһȭʱֻӲóƷȻǾΥԼˣ
һһȫǲΪ⣬ΥԼҪǸֹ죬ʵֱǿϼֵϸҪΪҪǳʦ֮ŲҲмʲôĶԼ
ô룬ȴ˵ģϷ֮ʱ
ҵȻҲû
һӵ˵㹥Ҳûʲôá
ǰ˼ǣҵʱҿԹ
һһͣҲ÷ֻ˵ʼ
ʲô
㻹Ҫʲô
һЦ·˵ǰʵ˵ڵ󣬺СʱҼһ
Сӿɶ񣡡һȻ֪Լڵ󣬺ǱǱ˼ЦѪӿˣȵٲ֣ͱϷ򲻿ˡ
ȻǰСҾȴ֮ˡ
һȭЦ˵һ⻰бӿŭ͵һ䣬һƣѪǱһڣʦ壬Ƶŵȳ֣Ҫôɾôһ˵һǵҪóȳȭһ㣡
һѪЩӿ֮ʱЦųϣһɱȻسһȥƣǳϺòþֳеĵƲŻģȻҪô˸һ˺
ΪһȭһĴ治мЧΪԣǵ棬ƶĻһɲʲôԵҩĹ涨
ԣƴȭѹʮ˲ں˴棬ڸסеƣȻԪɳϻǸоҪѵʹ
ȺϱռϷ磬ȴƣҪһȭﶼϧһȭֲɶ˺˼ҴһȭǾֱҪˡ
ªϸĿȴ֮ɫ£ıһͽܣҲ뵽ϸĿȥ
ζŮҲųϵӰóϵĺƳ飡
֮УһóϼѪûȫƽϵȭͷѾһؿڣ
µͬʱһȣ
ʮ˲ֲİٶ֮ӳȭ˲Ӿٲ㣬к
һ׼ȴҲûϵǲɽ¶ˮһȭȻ̺˴
Ǳһɽײа㣡
һоԾʱӣѾԱӵеٶȸȥѪ˲ӿڣƻɽֱԴӿ
ۣ
һ³һѪѪԶѪ꣡
⣬صˡ
ŵһоǱҵòأֱͣ
ǹӴӿÿһƻѪ֯ǾƵ˾Ƥĵط˿ˢر˺
ޱȵģƥԪҲҪɢ
ȻԲ֮ˣ
֮ΪԪ𵴣ʹ֮ǰԪѹסûң־ҵظʴѪ⡢
ۡ
һѪ³֮һͣʱϣѾǧ֮࣡
һ涢ǳϣеĹâȫŭȡ
ûϽѹЩʴ塣
սˣȫ㶴ˣһȭȻн۴ⷬģرǰ˹ƻɱȥҴǣһĻ˫һֱ̱ڵء
ªϸ֮ݣҲˣֱת֮ʱûСӣôģ
һԪȭĳϣҲùڲͣز糱ˮӿȥڴһȭʱֵͷˣϵȭҲѪ
ɾˣԵضһ˵ˣڸһȭˡ


591 ߣѨ
򶨵ĵһһֱ֮һִǸСӲнۣǻʵһ㡣
һСȵ˾أһδģ
ȴƫƫʵطϡ
ʮָ֮
ֺȥӵʱ֮һһνѹס
ӣȥǹѵԪѹԪһõԪֻж֮һˣǶ֮һһ˵Ҳ൱һ
һȥ̤һǧף
̤֮һǰŸղűһȭǰ㾳أһֱ֮УȻرڲѣ֮󣬱˷ŭˡķŭҪȭȭҪѸղŵĳ軹ƣҪʮٱ
Ҫһȭ˳ףҪ³ʮѪҪһ
һ޺ţȴһӴӿ׹䣬վڴ֮ϣ
ӣϷǰӵ𣿡
˭ҪˣֻһصѣǰĶԼûй涨ڿСϻǵ˵һһͣǰĶԼȷʵû˵
һһ𵽼µķŭһйһδֻҲڵء
һǺһҪ˵ȴ˵֮ǰʵǲٻһصصһǧ״Ǵһǧ£
У
һ浱ȻӦԪڵصףںˮ£˵ر
ðɣ˵оͲУʼɡ
ʼ磬ν˵ȴţ˵һٶ˥ߣҲ֪ǲģûãҿѾˣ֪ûС
ţȴһƣֱֻʮ֮ȣڴ֮УӴѾ׼ֻҪһһǰȥס
ǳϢҲԪ㶼ǰγһУ
һ濴˵ƣܴ󣬺ǿǣһУϷ˵ûãھԵΪǰûá
ϻˣɣսһ

һ治ˬϵ˼㣬λζһֻȭͷ˲ɫɽɫֻɫƽĽɫƺЩͬе̫ĽɫھʲôҲֻǲ²ǲɹɵġ
ܣһļž
ζϹܿ˵ʼһҪסһҪúõģªϸ˫Ŀ˸ǰΪϻûȥȴû뵽ضԼҪһһȭһ̾Ϣȴ׼ֻҪΣգ֣ŲʲôԼ֮ԲֱӳϣΪףǬתˣҪսսͻơ
ͬʱϸﻹһʣСĿ϶ǡǬתӦͽɣΪʲôСûһаʽ似أǰǸһƶᣡ
һȭԽԽĵطǳϵಿλҲǳϵĵλãΪãҪֱӺλãһӾͱˣ֪İء
һѡλãҲ򵥣ֻһ㣬һ㣬ڳƫţһ֣Ѩ
һõһбϰһ似רѨλ
Ѩ𣬽ѣؿʹ֣ҲԲκζһԱŻ²ѣѪֹһһν˽һȭ
Ͻ۾ؿȭͷҰԽԽԽԽʢһҪеһ˲䣬һ潫Ҫҵλãһʱ䣬ۼŵĵڶ߹Ǽ䣻ǸУͬҲǵѨת
飡
һѨ
ܣ͸룬óϵʱԹȥֱӱҵĴɢҵõأУҲҵһͣ˱Եȴƴסвͬ죬ûɢȥٴαӿУʼתԽԽ죬ǹҪƻܵܣƴС
ڱһ˲䣬ӾҪɳȥһĻ˵ף׻Ǽпܵģǣͷų֮ӱ㺷Ȼ֮Уֱûأ㣬ϵҲ
ԼϷʩչ˳Ϣֹȥ
ʮӺ󣬳ʵڱﲻסؿѪۡ³֮󣬵ʱͣ£
֮ͣһһף
һףǧ˵Ͳֵһᣡ
һ潫۾ôʵǰһĻѿڶܣһ˵ܣֻܶ࣬˳ôһ룬徹Ȼûѿֻ΢΢°ݣôܣǿһȭֱܽƷٻ
ûлػΪʱ˵ǹ֮УܣڽţţǸһһЦı飬ﻹţǸйЩôڿо͸һȭ󡭡
һ治ţֱҪǰϸӵϳƣƳӣǲѾȫˡ
Ȼһ߳һ㴫һһ
֮䣬һסţǰУ۾ȴųϲת
ֳЦ⣬ҪǸϸڣŲҺһнʲô֮ԼһڵнۣʵԼֻǷϻѣϸڣͲһˡ
ζ˽кţֱҪǰȴǱϸֹס
ӣӣϻûкãǹܲͣرգܲɹ߹ɣȻĻʧȥĳϣ¾Ҫˡ
һӣӣ
ʱ֮󣬳ڽǹƷ͵ֵȻ󣬽Լ壬ӵصװһεḶֻ́˽ʮӣнһȭϵӣǿȴҲͦأһ࣬ȭ֮ʱȥ˰ˡ
һվڴϣֱֱͦ󣬻عͷζͶȥһοЦݣζ˵˳ˣЦó
󣬳ֶһһЦ
һͫ״һξ˵ܣ
ʲôܣ
ôԼأ
۾һףΪʲôҪԼ
ʹ𣿡
øղŴҵһȭԼһȭ֪ʹʹˡ
һ˼֪ʹˣôѪأ
ϸΣΪʲôҪѪ
ôôءһͣѨܲ԰ǰ˶Сӣȴһԡ
һԴ벻ԭ򣬳ûѨ
ȭ˵ˣ


592 ̣һ
ˡ
ԻڳѨƣȴɰȻһ棬֣һ飬ǰһȭĸоٴθͷ
һ濴ųȫѪȻҲ˲ӣȴûа֮飬лڰԺڣڸղһȭӦøݵֶΣ
Ͻ׼ɡ
϶Ժ޺޲ѵһ˵ʩչϢһ𣬹עΪұߵո𣬿ɾƴڡ
оɢĵƣһһݣ벻£ƵĹϽȫԸʹʮֵĹ֮ǰһС衣
Ͽһӣ֪ȫ˺Ĺȣý󽵵ͣǣʹ֣ƴںţš
Ѿںһ룬ԽԽʢϵһȭûѡΪǹƣڲסѾ̧ȭͷһҲغȵɣС㻹ϷΣ
һҲϼʤ֮ģͲʤһСС
䣬һȣȵȡ
ֲǳ˵ģǳªϸȳģһʢ֮ʱԱȻȵϷ£˭Ҳ֣ɸպ꣬˳ϹЦݣʱ˭ģһǣɫҲЩȻ
֣Ҫ
һĬȻ
ªϸһԳ˵͸Ŵ飬ԱߵСŮ۾Ҳ¶ڴԴӷֳ֮Ŀʹû뿪ϣһֱڳϡ
ϸóϹȥһЩţ˵ǰжԼڣ㲻ƻǵĶԼ
ƻ
һ汾ͱϸúƣűªϸȥŭ죬Ϻž˵ϷĶ֣ϷֻҲ˼ء
ԣ
ªϸһȫȻûнһӣһһݣҪҪѾߵ˳ªϸǰûȿϸǶСŮü
СŮüĶһסˣ۾ﵴϲɫϤˣ϶˾Ǹ磬һϲ֮Լ۾ҪỨҪкʱȴֿϽüëбȥ죬ֻˮֹסع
СŮȻǰѩųҪСߵѩ
ˣʵ̲סҪѩһкˣֻǳϲѩôûдڰ׼Ҵ壬ýϸһ𣻳ȻҲǲݾʹ˱¶ָѩһʾЩС˿Ҳ֪⣬ǰˣȴס
ҲˮȴΪǸ˵ᣬΪѩϻżϵЦݡ
֮󣬳ϲŽĿ⿴ϸȻ˵ǰлл֮ǹϾϸʣ־˾ͽһֱѹһ档
ϸȻ˳ѩ֮СţѵСӺѩʲôϵɣǵĻ½δ̫Сˡ
ţϸûʳֻǶؿųϣĿ˴顢֮⣬һ˵ĺ塣
ǰ
һκѩҲҡֽʦϸŻع˵ղһƣһơ

Ҵ㹦ھ
ɻأ֪ϸΪʲô֮ãһƣԾǼΪΪ޴ĸƷ似ϸôˣ
ϻţϵĶѾϸоЩԾֻĶֻܹһܿȥ˹ȻûʲôӦ
񣬺򣡡
ڶ֮ʱը˸֣ʱϻعһϸھϸ˵о֮ʱӦעʲôȵȣϸ˵÷ǳϸ
˵һӣϸŽ֮꣬۾ȫĶˡһơ֮У
ϸģϸο֮ɫ켴תͷһ˵ղðͲֽѵ㣬ֻҪһʱУ
һɫܲƣʵǶòٿǣһɾֻһˣھʦ˸Ϊ»ʦڱչأ֪ʱܳأһ룬˵һʱǶã
ô֪
һＫʹ죬ݺݵ˵̫
ϸֱӽ⻰Ե˵ʲôʱһƣ϶೤ʱ䣡
ʲôһ澪ȣһƣ
ô𣿡ϸ˵ǵĶԼûй涨ڶʱھʤ
һЦ·ЦЦǰ֮ܵ飬ȫЦûˣЦ˵Ϊһǵ̯ɣɣţҲǵü֮ɣʮ꣬пܣһӶᡣ
˵һͣЦһ󣬷ʵҪԶᣬϷҪڴ˵һӲɣ
ãҪȶã
ֱЦ
һ沪ȻŭѹųªϸһߣûɶԼǰһԣ켴һǿʮʮѹɢֱһѹѹסһ涯÷ֺ
оԼھ·磬һɫһһףϸ˵˵ЩϻϵİˣȺܳʱġϸ˵úţ
һϸ˵ϵİˣȴ˵֪ղһƣϷֱȡ
ĻΪڻܻţ˵ϸ
һһ죬ȴһ˵Ŀ̧֣ͷʵħ
סڣ
ϸƺ֪һҪ˵ʲôȻֹһ¶ɫЩǽǣȴץסϸѱƵģҪ˵ʲô֮ʱȴȻһ棬Ҫס˿ڣԳ֣סڣ
һһ𣬿ϸղһЩҧţȻ㣬ʦأ㻹ţ
ȻϸԶȴһҲû˵Ľ棬ֻǳڡһơ֮Уò˵⡰һơΪʺϳ˵죡
ΪһơȾ֮УǱҪŰֱۣ֡Űֱ۵ļ֯ϵ飬ʹֱۼΪǿܹסʩչһơķɣȻֱ㹻ǿĻͲзˡ
ⷽ棬Գڵǿ̶ȣȫϣ
⻹ҪģҪǣһơ似ӴЩ似ֻҪԪտھʩչУ⡰һơصľ·ߣ

Цˡ


593 ̱̣һ
ʹóϴС޲䣬ܾ۶ĳЦóϳõؽʹ֮УȻһƣ̧֮ǣǬͨ쾭֮ȴƣٶ罭ϣ
һҪ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꣻڳֻҪֻҪ㹻Ԫһͣ
ȻϾڶ̶ʱ֮ڣͳɳǿز
Ͻһơȫ͸֮ҲʱңɫѺڣʱ಻ԶӣʱһϵʮձȫĻ
ǻûߣִźŵǰֻ𩣬ûеҷȺϵ۹⣬ȫĳޡ
һڳªϸѹ֮£ֻϥ£ڵǣһѾԪ£Ҳֻǽ£һ𣬸·˸һ㡣
״һƣ㲻֣򣬺ȣѹƲס뵽ͽصв
ϸĿ⣬ǷڳϣԺȴ뵽ĳֻ䣡
һƬž֮УӣϸĿһݣһҲ̧ͷֱϣ۾ɻ󣬼еĿ⣬ڳϡ
ۣעȴûзϣԺﻹӡ·ѹһ㣻ȴΪȡԪˣ쾭
ڶʮһƵĶо
һơǰ󣬱ΪӲͬĶʽϻоһơ롶Ǭתƺĳϵ
ĥţߵ˺ӵǰͬĽ֣ޱȿ־˵Ҫʲôʲô
Ƴɵ˸ֱӵĵﴦնȥ
кȫҵزţ㲻ɱңɱңͱټͷǸʦ
֣͵ס۾ϬĿ⣬ɭ䣬ʦҲץȥģ
ҪɱңǾͻΪᣡ
͸Ӧ
ѵ㲻ʦȺͷ
Ǹù֯ץסүүʦȻĳĿģĿûдﵽ֮ǰɱ֣ڣǸǿúүүʦҪЮңֻҪһţүүʦ㲻㣬ɣ

ӾֵغУһֱƸɱźұжǿԶģҶҶ֣㽫֮أɵЩ©֮㣬һӲˣ
Ǿ͸ݲˡ
˵꣬ٲ˵ĻᣬƵ룬ͫطŵ󣬵ǿԪ˱ȡ֮󣬺ӵ۾һ˫ۣӡ顱һأϢ
һ濴ųϸɾȡӵԪˣ֪ģͻһһĵͷҪҶˣǲҲҪȡԪˣ
ͷոҫһ㽫Գ˵ô䣿̫ų֣̫ŵ˼ֱӳֻ֣Ҫ֣ΣһƣߣɣʦͳˣֻҪʦ֣ʲôħӣʲôơɣеһУ𣻾ʦûгأʱˣھʦҲжһڵʵɲǰ򵥣
źӵԪˣȴ˳ԪˣԶԶٳһơ˹Ǻã
Ϸ֮ʱϸڳϵĶǲҪӴԪ
ϵ˵ͷ
ϸ״Ȼ֪ҪӴԪʲôֱӴӴָȡһ˹ȥţϵĶʮһƷѪԵԵ𣿡
ʮһףƷز׽˼ؼ֣֮ǰħ޿ûз֣֮ѵ˸߽֮󣬻ֱַ𣿡
뷨һϿԵѪԣӦù˰ɣţ˵ͷ׼߽ʵԪ˺ѪԵԵһ£ԱȴԼ涨÷õҩ
Ȼһ洫ġ
ϻͷһЦ˵Ԫǵҩ𣿡
Сˣթ
һĿܲơ
ҲԼȡԪʯ֮ҾΪԪʯҲǵҩ
˵꣬ϱ㽫һȥ
һ¶ЦݣţԪ̣̾ǿҲܲסǹܡһ֪޺޵֮Ķһ㶼Ҫ뵤ҩв̷һǽºʹ̷ֱĻҪܾ޴ʹ࣬Ūûᱬ֮գƷԽߣΣԽ
Ȼһ治̷֪Ԫ˶Գ˵ȫǼҳ㷹̣οԪˣԵ
ϸǰǿ̼Ԫ˶û£ΪҪǡǬתԭ
ϥӴʼӿۡѹ
Ԫ˺Ե̺޴󣬵ǳϵҲͬ죬ֻһʱȫɾǴͨ
ǹˮŰϯɱȥ
ӳ־ҵĲĸ֨֨һƬž֮УǴ̶ζϹܿģᵽɤ۶ɴ֮£һдĵ
ªϸء
һ漥֮ЦŨǲ֪ߵغСӣ˿Զ֣ɥˡ
ϲԽԽңһԽԽģǣأͿĲˣһʱ֮ǰΪϿҪܲסҪˣʱ֮ʱ֮󣬳ϻڲûб壡
ǰʱȥһ۾ոгһ죬ȴһ
ֱһһ飡
һ̧ͷѾֱֱվѪĿ⣬ȴǾûаǷϣҸһӴĿ⣬һ΢΢
Ǵšһơľͨˡ
ֻǣϵעȴǷھϣڵڣղʱӵһ꣬Ȼֻ֮һգۼ䣬ȷʵǴڵġ
ǰûг̷ֹԵԭ𣿡
ϲ⣬һ˼֮󣬲˦˦ұۣϸЩаЦݣȻ˿ӻڲʹ࣬Ѿʩչһơ
ΪղԵ̫ڳ㣬ûʹͨ˵ڶʮ⾭ʣ࣬ЩһѾ㹻ʩչˡ
ϱԺһơһȥ
һϣɻ󣬡Сڹʲôһ棬ªϸʵȵеˣȫЩ㶣Ŀ࣡
ζ޿棬ζϴһʱãȻ֪ȴҲ׳൱ؿ죬ȫϡֵ壻޿棬ĿùڼʱɡȻơ
һԽԽͻأԺһ⣬ѵһƣ
ûԼԼ˵һܡʱ
ѾվǰЦ׼Ҫˣ


594 棬ӡ
׼Ҫˣ
仰һĶϵΪҲţһƣżʱȫǲܵ
ªϸֱֱųϣĳڴΪǰɡǬתתﻹڲͣ߶ţСһƣ似
ðСӣҵҪ㻨˼ʱһƣʲôģ
һ˵ȴûһɣȻųһƣĳϳûˣʲôıֶΣǰ
һģ
˵ţտھҪԪͬʱƣԺһһƣҪ֮ʱͻسðһͷҽϢڣáʩչһơأôһ
ͷһҲ֮ȥţáƾԪʹһơҲԸһʲô˺³һѪˣĽԶ˵ҲûʲôãˡһơĹۿ۵Ļһƾ衮ܴ
ϱͲԥ֮ˣôһ֮ٲ룬עһơܣǡ
սѾȥᣬֻҪ棬ʩչһƣ
ӣ뿪˵棬ƮڿգųââԽԽʢָͷҲԽԽգۼ䣬һ֮
ܣǼ󣡡
һ濴״ĵһӦªϸ۾ľϲ֮ǰ˵ĳҪ˶þܽһơɣΪķǳϸԼľȵȣȫ˳ϣƾųϵľ֮ǰ˵
ֻǣϸеġҪ˶áԼĶ壬ȴ£߸࣡
Ͼһơƽ似ͬЩֲǳһЩ˵ҪҵЩǾҪȥٵʱ䣬ټϹ̼ͨƣȵȣܹɣѾǰ޹ˣɡһơҲ߸£
ȻڣϽǼʱѣ
ϸϣʩչһơ϶ֻǲ֪ܾӡ
ҹУпɳɾһ޴ѪӡһƬУΨһĽ㣬ӡֻһʵȴͨһơѹһӡһӡ
ÿһӡȫغһ۳һ壬֮ˣԿʣҲоЩ죬Цţ䶯Σôǡ֡
֮󣬳Ҳѹ£һָоѹȥֱֱۣӱըѳ⣡
Сӣոɣܹӡʤϸĺܸˣ˵ļ󣬡ҵһͽܣ϶ܽǬڷ󣬿϶Ϊܡ
ţϸɫһݣԣ⡮һơЩԾйɹϸ֪ʲô£ȫ䱸һвԣҪ֣
һɫҲˣǾӡ֮ɢѹʵ˵ǻʵġһơˡһơ֮⣬ʲô似ˣ
ɫ仹ģҪ棬ʱˡһơңӣȻ̫࣬ôأǡһ涼֪Լ룬ҲţҪȻҲܳɾ֮ȻֻǵһԣԾһ㣻ֻǣһоһУֱʲô㲻ϡ
һƣȻ£

һХٰθɣһȦɸӶֻ۳һ޴ĽɫƣһͲ򵥣ΪɴСģڻţ񽭺뺣ʱǸ֮
֮⣬Щߣܵػͬʱһֹסɱɢ
ʱϸ𣬡ǲֱӳ֣ðԼҳûɱߣ
һһݣɱȥϷһƣһƣҪС
ϸһơֶȥϣȴֺȥ
䣡
һƻŵĽɫ֮ϣʱסһڽʹֻҪǱܷסһơ
ȻɫƲûлǴм俪ʼܱѿ
Ϣ֮
ɴСĻɫƣһƵǰʧ
һƼѹ£صͬʱЩϲãΪ뷨ˣЧڳϢ֮£ǹƾԪϺܻܲѿơ
ڣȥɫ֮һƻӡ֮
һƽӽ⵽ɫȦϣɫȦѹɫȦԽѹԽСһɫԽԽѿбѣЩȥһԪСţ
֮䣬ɫȦѾˡ
ӡ֮ӦЩػɣţȵƣ
һϵĹߣǲһƵʱ߾ͻػҿһ㣬ܵĿϸоƬռ䣬һûǰֺ֮УǷһ

ϸ״СĹһ֮۾⡣
Сףģ󣡡һ濪ڼЦ
˫Ŀӡ֮ͬʱȫ
ʱǹӲһɱһͨ·ֻϵƣѾָӰСһ¶˼Ŀʱһƣһϡ
顭
һ죬һ֮أ䣡
һӣʱҽ֮Уһȥ㲻Ӱ
ʱƻָԭһ֧Ҳڵأʩչһơڱ˿ޱȣпʹֻԼ֪ڵسϣ˵ǿ̶ȣȻ
ϸ۾Ҳ𾪣һĳȻˣϸϣûгģǡѵ˵ǹɹ֮ԭ򣿡
֮ȴǿϲʲôֻҪƣˣ
Ͽһ汻µĵط֪һƵΣ
һڵص֮£п಻ѣԭһ֮˱ҵģǿϾȻ͸Ǹһʱʧ죬˸ֲҪǣһ£ѹƵЩ
һӺһŴӴﱬһǱڰбţСˣһȭﻹһ仰ϷҪ


595 ˭
һĴ⣬Ҫȡ˳֮Ҫ磬ҪռҲҪ֮壬˶̵ʱΪʲôɡһơҲˣΪʲôġҲˡ
һУֻҪһ֪
ֻҪɱƣеһУԭ컹ôػô̫䣬һȻ߸ϣܹҡ
ǣҪɱƣȴһġʯϸ
һ潫ȫĵɱȫ¶һ˿һϸ϶֣ˣȭͷɢһȭʱһƣ
ϼһؼһݣӿ֮Уȫ˲ת٣ͬʱﻹ󺰵ȵȡ
Ϸ򲻵ȣȽһȭ˵
һ֮Ʋ죬ģٲϺ
ֻ㣬ʱѾˡ

ҵʮ̨Ѿˡ

ֻ֤ڻţһڣˣ
ϾȻ仰һ˵ģţ̨ˣж֮ԼڣϷһȭ
ɣ
һȣݣϸ۾ֱֱ
һȭδȴ˲ߣ߼䷽ǳϸѨѨӡѨٻѨѨȵȣǵ࣬ȻҲںΧ֮ڡ
Ͽǹߣһ治ͼıʲô磬Ҫɱˡ
СȥŰɣһʹشȳЦݣȭͷȻϵȥһҪ֮أҪҳ⽴ӡ

ζŮгʡ˾ͽȵȣֱ֮ȥ
ʱϵӣٿ֮䣬һԡ
һһȭա
ȴϸһոʩչʱˡ
ֻǹٶȼ죬һϾнۣªϸȻ֣óϵĵࡢԴλû𣬵ǳԾù߸ˡ
ʱ䣬мʮѪӳϱ뵱ɽѨһ
һתϸ˵ΪβϷƵĶ֮սѾ˺ƤˣһҲȥ
ΪʵǿȭͷӲ
ϸͬɭ˦һ䣬켴һ棬ֱСŪǰҪ쿴ƣͬʱӿûڣ˴⣬Ҫʲô£ѾһΣĵٳ¡
һϸĻȴǹЦǱǿʲôãʮѨλɣ֪Ѩλʲô𣿡ͬʱһﻹţϷͲţôѨ㻹ܺúõػ
㽫ᡣ
ɱϷʦ𽻴ʦʵɱ̫߳ˣһ˵ţּЦ㸺ħӣΨһͽǰģʹļ尾ߵСŮԣϷȰ㣬㻹ȥɡ
磬硭ѩȥˡϡ֣С԰׵ؽкţζŮ񱼹ζ˺ؽкţӡ
Զһ𣺡˭˵ʦ
ס죡
˵ʦ֮˾ͽһȻҪȥһƴ˵ס족˾ͽ֮ģǳϣһ֮£˾ͽȴȻһɱȥ
һϵĴһ𣬡ûϸ֮ɫֵӦÿ˰ɡһĿ⡢ȫ˳ϡ
ȴǿûһϢȥֱӣվ
ȻϣʮѪȴɽ㴣
嫵ƴ޲ųϵӣֻȻޱȡ
ܣһ濴Ȼûվ֮˵˵һ仰ţ˵˵ڶ仰ܣ𾪵ģ˼Ŀ⣬һۿתת˷仰֪ΪʲôѨûãȻѨλûãҾ͸ԴȡԪˣϷǲ
ªϸųվ˵˵üأȴɢһӴҲǴϲٴν˾ͽ˺ס֮תͷϸʵ㣬˭
ѾϸΪǰ֮ǰлɣزʶϸΪʲô˺ãڸ似һơ˵óʮһƷѪԵԵղһǾ䡰ħӡĻ˲һЩΪʲôһơ֮ʱһ롶ǬתศɵĸоΪʲôǰҪֹһ˵ʲôľٶ
ϸһʣ۾ʱȻˣκ˵ٴһЩ似ãɱһ֮Ҿ͸ҵ顣
㣬˭
ȻţȭͷѾýҽѩߣʮѩҲղԾ˵磬ʦ
ʦһҪΪʲô֮ʱһѾһԣŵؿЦԭ˼һ֪˭˵ʲô˵𣿡
ס죡
ϸ֪ζԴϣɶһ棬ȴ˿ϸǱС͵ӰͻرøߴֱԾڿУֱֱһȭһ״ǧߣﻹţãϷ˵Ĺ򡭡
žžžž
һȭӰֱǧߣ谭ֱӴһؿ֮ϣһǰ߹ǣʱȫѿڴڵѪ
ϸһĻϵƣһŭɽɾһȭʱ򣬳ϵĶһһȭȭ似繭繭繭繭񹭼һܹ߹ٶȣйȣȭһһŶصоǡ
㾿˭
ϴţѾµ˴𰸣Ǹ׿˵ϸᣬȻԹԵ˵ţϲס䣬ȻԺ˵Щ򡭡
ңϵ۾òϸϸһʹˡȭó飬ϵĶ˾ͽĶҲը
ֻǣ˾ͽ⵽ʲô¶
һ汾Ϊûϸߣټһȭһʽһƣȥ̫ԪʱϸĶ֣һѾȫûл֮ˣΪϸģڳϹĶ
ϸѾȭ˫ֱֻһ̤ȥÿ̤һһӾҪСһ֣Ѫࡣ
ϵԺڻţһʽо̤֮Ϊãоǡ


596 㣬ֻɱ
ϸֻ̤Ҳ̤ȥһڡо̤֮£ⳤӣʱѾ̤ɷΣԲηչ
һŭȴǺް취ڵֱʮΣգ벻ϸȻĸҲʦɱ֣ӣѹ֮£ȴôҲӲˣһҲϸҪԣһ滹ǿѹסЩ
ϸ̤۳һѴ󵶣ӲӣڿתкҹֻϸӰ˲ת˾ܣһȦ⣬𣬽Żϸдϣջ۵ǣ󵶱㿳һļϡ
һֱӽһұ۸ˢˢն
Ժŵǣ似ǬԪնûо似Ҫ֮ϸ˵ʮϸ˵ϻִֵطЩһóԺصԿʯһҲ֮ȥ
֮ǳ
ûǧӰһ棬һǰɲǣȴȫΪһ壬նһұۣڣнѾޱ֮ˡ
似򽣹һ֮һ֮Уֻһʮ򽣹һҲ԰򽣡ǧ򽣡򽣹һ򽣹һ߾򽣹ޣ޽ң֮ʱ衭
һǹǹҫ֮ʱϸһĵ֮У켴ǹͷһӥ֮һǹһϣʱһȾֱѿ
似ֻһУǹĦӥԣӥ죬ֻһУ£Ҳɴ񷣡
ϸʩչһŽһŵ似Ϻ˾ͽţ۽ǣҲ¶ˮҲǾӨ͸ᣬΪڣΪҲûлῴбҲûҵټĵΪһ£ˣĻĵӲһаʽǬ似᣻Ļ϶гˣ
ϸԸֽӣѣԹ޻ڣֻҪٿһۣ
ȻһҪѳ
һߣһķŭҲ˼£޷ԿһнۣȴһϸŪ֮䣬裬ֻ֫ʣһȣǵ֫ΪҲҪ䣻Ȼ֪ϸ˼򵥣ɻǲʣԸ
ΪȥĻһоԼĻᱻŰԣһǹ֮ټϵѹ֮ͻĪʧһԥأץסᣬͿˡ
ǣһ治֪ѹϸջصģĿľҪһӣȥ׷ֻϸֱ䣬̤ĳֲһ㣬Ӱ֣ٶ൱ؿ죬ϸӰٴʱѾһǰ棬һ󾪣תӣϸҲֱٴ׷ȥ
似רһٶȣߣ˼壬ģȴߣ˲ܵٶ൱죬һ̶ȣҲ˲ƶоǡ
ϸϽţȴţ㣬ȴˣʮǧҲ˲ƶȴҲ֮棬ⶼһð
ͬʱһȴ׷ÿ췢ˣˣĪҪ̫
Ҳ㣬ֻɱ㣡
ϸ˵꣬һ棬Ҳá
ǽϷɣҲɣһȥˣһŶҡţϸһָԳ˵һ似ǬָһָǬоǡ
Žͣϸָһؿڣһɫ֣һ˲䣬һؿڣһѪʱѪͬʱһ塢ԪǬһָ֮£׷ױҲѹƲסȻȫ汬գۼ䣬Ҫʴ
һڸоĽ٣֪ԼҲˣǺҲˣˣϷһɣϷڵ£Ҳį
Ԫһã𣬲ϸ˵
룡
ڸһ룬һȦһ渲ǣɲʱһ涯÷ֺסһ㣬ţһԴôԤ׵رըѪޱȣϸȴ£ɱһֻСϰ㣬ȡԪˣȡ䴢ָһӣһԴѳɽ㣬ʧˡ
սˣһŰɱ֮սȫסˣǾ󲿷ֿףֻâ˸ޱȣֻоѹˣеƴȥȴǿѪԣ
޿աֻǿƤëʿýһ㣬Ϊýе𾪾Խ۾׵ģرһȦһ㶼ףֻУȴڷĳֱ仯
׵ģǳϡ
ϸרΪ϶ʩչģϸ˵˾ͽϸʩչģҲϸ˵ģȫ
ϸ似Ҳ֪˾ͽȻȷ˾ͽһͽܣϸնɱһ棬й֮⣬ΪϿǡ
ǰòռϷ磬ȻһĶ֣ϸնɱҪһĳɳʱ䣬Щ似
ϸһԪˣӸ˳ϣܳеŨŨʣָֽһЩƷ׵ҩмħڵƷҩȵȣһͳϣﻹ˵һЩߣһֽԪ𣬾˵һӾ֮ϵɽʯһãҲ֪ôӵģֻ㣬ûоԵİգҪȥܴ⣬ΪԼİȫҲΪ˱˵İȫһʱ䣬ҪǲǣʱͲܺһ𣬷ẦǣһڵʵۣʣǰлұȱϵҪüһˣһڻᱩ¶һ֣֮Сġ
׿ڸң㣬˭𣿡
ƺûϸִֻŵ
ϸ¶ˣȴûлشֻ˵ѩȴߣΪڵ㣬ҪҪ˵ţϸһһΣѽѩڻС
ѩһ᲻ãԼĴСָ֮ɫԳ˵磬һúģһ죬һġ
ϵͷģЩЪ˹ʵ˭˭Ȼϲµϸ˵ڣΪڵľƣʦЩһڲǺڰǿдô似Уϸѩʦ
Щ似ʦľúҪ׹ʦͷϸûֱ˵ֻô˵һ󣬱ƮȻȥ
ߣٿѣΩһ̾Ϣ
Ͽϸʧӿٰ˵ζͻأԺղ˵ѩдδѩССͣʲôѵ


597 Լֵ
ϸˣɱһ棬¸似Ԫ˵ҩѩȻȥ
ζΧ˹ĵϿһ˫˫лǵ񣬰г˼Цݣ˵һá
ʲôãһѪ˿ڱ鲼ζۣϹܿû˵ʲôֻǿţվԶ
Ѻ϶˵˳Ϊһ£ŵ϶ûаʣͬ£϶ҲҪٴҪصǰٹ⣬ԲУĿǰΨһѡ񣬾ơ
ȻлкҪһ㣬ǱζϵĹϵ
ǺٴΪţ϶ҲŵǾϹ֮϶Ҫ˵š
ֱС
ȻϴʱĹ϶߳ٱֵλҲתϲûѳһ߲ǳϵıԣߣ϶ζ֮
ԹأɷԲűţֱ϶ԡšƣڳѯʺ֮϶Ů˵ţ밮ŮͶϣá
ζѾշɺΣֻ϶ּ˵綨գΪΣ
ʱζסˣҲסˡ
أϿζֿһԵϹܿζĿ⣬Щ΢΢ŭҪȴ϶ʵŲԸ⣿
ǣ
϶Ȼ񶨡
ζ֣ϲͷ
϶ʣŻʲôɵĵģ
ϳĬ
ϹܿҲӿζ
ǿ¼ȨЩȽڣý֤һж˵ʡԡֻҪమҸ϶ҪΪ򵥣˼ֻҪóζһˡ
ʱһ𣺡У

֣˶ˣû뵽˵СֵĲǳϣζ
Ϲܿľ
Ѿͷ˵ʲô϶Ѿŭˡ
ζŲӻصûк˵
˵һ飡϶ŭĿԲҲ˵ζڲԵʱ򡣡ʵȻ֪϶˼ȻЩڴˣȴҲûֹ
ζתͷϹ裬˵˵㹫ƽġȴ϶˵һδζһղޡ
£ĸ֮ɲ㲻ޡ϶ò˵ʵЩƵĴϾǰǰ£ܳŮһҪͬӡ
϶ǳζȴһ㶼壬ֱӻص˵޾ǲޣ
㡪
˵𣿡ϲ˵Դ˿˿ϣ϶ֺݺݿŮһۣζ˻ȥ϶˵뽲
粮˵£ĸ֮Ȼٲҵĵס
ţĸںδ
϶һٴξȣʸϽζϹܿҲ۾ϣΪ¶Ҳ֪
̫үү¹شҴʱ˵
϶Щɳǹܾ£ǳֿЩţζǱ˵Ŀ⣬ϧ
ڶɽȻ˰ռôֻԼ
ڵľƺΣա
ģİˣȻܾ춯أȴҲ˿еľ١ζӿů˵壬һһЩ˽ûн
ϵ˽£ЩŵȻζϹ֮ܿ䡣
Ϲܿ⻰Ƿңϰȫ֮תˣȴ࿴ۣȻ˻˳˵һ
ԣԭ¡ϹǸ϶˶ִ֣Ҳ޷ֻһ̾ϢʼЩΣ˵ˣǸ
һ֮أȰ
һھɱһڱҪһ֮أЩס˵˵ϣҲֳء
ȴһЦ˵ҲǾȥҡ
Խͻһİ֮أ͵ĻñΪ۸Ⱥ֮ҪǱֵøߵǿƣ¶Ϣ鷳˵һڵҲᱻ
ִ磬һȥұ֤û˸˵֣©Сİǰһ˵˿СİϽܵСİ峤ӡ
۾һ룺ǿУң˴ӻǧҲɼǴ֮ˣΡ
Ȼȴǣ壬ϾСİֻһ峤Խԣ˵Сİĺ⣬ˣǡ
ִ磬ңǲңСİЩˡ
Цġ
Ϊʲô
˵иõȥ
ʡ
ϵ˵⣡
⣿ʵ˳ԾϾǼڵϣҺһ״ǻأζ껵ˣȴǴϲ˵Ǻ⣬ֻҪ˺ϣһҲκβǣںϣ˭ҲǵĶ֡
Ȼζĺ֮һͷųˡ
ζ˵ģģ
Ȼģʱȥ֪ˣɳ֮Ҿһֱں⡣ζɺ顢ǵص֥ɺ棬в۵׷ǳԲ˶ߣָǰ˵Ǿǵ¡ζеġǡȻָǳ
Ļȥ⣬Ҳһܲѡ񡣡ҲͬСİҲ
󣬳ζһЩر֮ȥ֮󣬱˾ͽȥ˾ͽҲЦһӵ
磡
ֵܣ
˲еһУȴףİҲŶ˵žͺãžͺá
ǶƴŵģһҪȥΪֵǱ𣡡
۾һһ飬ֵܣ˾ͽãˣзŭ˵Ҳһȥ⡣
ϵǣ˾ͽȴҡҡͷ
ûΪʲôֻ˵һһ㡣
˾ͽŻص磬û㲻õҵİΣչ˺ԼģҲ׼ڱĵϻ졣˾ͽʵĿģϷֵѹ
һںǿ󡣡
ҲǿһϴĽŲ˾ͽ˵ţȳ˵ʵ磬ǵʦħӣ
ϵ˵ͷ
ʱ˾ͽͼ̫˷ˣҵʦȻ
Ͽ˾ͽҲ֪򶨣һ˵룬˾ͽǸɵζǣǲһġ
ˣϾȰ˵ֻǽĿȥ


598 Ũֱ
Ͼ֧˾ͽ
켴Ŀⶢ棬Ű׹ǣ׹׳۽֣۶ǿߣʲôֻ˵ȣڰ˫ɷʮ˻ħѪģҡ
ôԣ׹ɫٱ䣬ʱ˭ǵǸˣǸɷŵˣǰһݡ
ϵͷֿɽʮɽʮ½ﻹ֪վǰ˾˭ͬҲ׷籪ǰݼ
׹ǰɽʮ˵ϵ׽ǻδԭЧҵˣͬһˣÿ˵۾˸ž֮⡣
˵ӽ˾ͽ졣
ǣ
ûзԣɴش׹ǵõ˾ͽʦ֮󣬺ö鱾Ҫ˾ͽɽʮҲ׹ǰٴΣ˾ͽһ˽⣬ˣԳûеִ
ʵǶ˽⣬Ҳ˵һǡΪǺɷ˵ģ˶ѣҪκɡ
˾ͽİǾȣ벻ѾЩ˴ǣȴϣЩ˱Ǵ£˾ͽͶȥһ
ֶ԰׹˵شҿԸ㹻Ԫʯ⣬ȥ֮󣬿һиɽˣӦܰһЩæ
׹ӿжһ֮˵봳ٻȥ׹ҲҪȻҲؽ׹ǰ﷢չô˳ǱһڵɱûƢ
áǲܾһ֮󣬳϶˾ͽ˵ֵܣҲû
磬һٴţ
˾ͽڴ˵ȴҡҡͷǰϸ˵öԣĿǰľ֮£ǹ·򣬸֮ˣۣңһ˵Ļаٱ佫òһϢһһҪץǿǱȴ붼Ҫѣ
ҡͷ˾ͽҲеа¾һҪԼøǿʱ棬׸
ֵܣ²˳٣һڻûʲôǸϽ뿪
˾ͽҲ֪Ͼ֪ʱֵܸռ棬ƶûкһڣҪֿлʧ䣬뵽յΪԺĸõ㲻裬Գ˵磬ء
ֵܣأ
˶֪һ֮󣬲֪˾ͽͷת԰׹˵ߡ켴һȺȥ˾ͽʱͻؽס˾ͽ
˾ͽͣס˵磬㻹ʲôԸ
ó޴ȡСһ֥ɺ棬޴ݸ˾ͽŷѾС˵Ļ
磬ðɡ
˾ͽϽܾʲôЩ棬⿴ɢɱ֪СЦǵûܶࡣ
ǿи˾ͽóһЩƷ׵ķԪʯҩȵȣһԶ˾ͽ˾ͽȦЩ죬ųϺݺһͷתȻȥ
ʧҰ֮󣬳ϲתߵζǰ˵ҲϽ߰ɣԽ絽ϣԽȫ
ӣأζ
ɨˣ˵Щ飬Ҫģɡ
ɱɽζѿڶ켴ֵҪһȥ
֣ƾǵ㹦򣬲Ǹ𣿡˵飬Ȼҡ
ζ⻰ֱһ۶ɵȴǷ׷ױʾҪţɱɣΪȥʦֵǱ
ѹѹ֣˵һ㹻ˡζ˷ϱ˵⣬Ҫ̫үү򣬱Ͼܳһʱ䣬Ҷں϶ȹһҪԶȥǽˣȻѲһڵԶ϶Σա
ǡ
ζǲľϼһ棬ִҴҷ롣
ЦŶ˵ң㻹һҪǿҲζ׳ϴΪ棬Ҳ׳ϲһߣΪǵİΣĲԸóһȥЩѣҪһﲻԼҪҵΪܸߣͲ׸ܺʹһʲôһԣôӶȥܡ
˶˵ҸϽ߰ɣ䡣
̾Ϣһȭ˵һУˣһں⾡ȽŸ߾һ㲻ԾͳѰǡ
á
ִɵӶų֮һ֣ȥζˮԶûжĪߵǰϱǸ˵ĪϣǼ¡
ţҺһ𣬻𣿡ĪЦ˵˵ءǰŲ
޿ߵǰء
Ȼ޿ǰۣڳ֮ҲǾľҲ֪޿仰˼ЦİɣҲģԣú£ҲҪһ꣬ˡ޿һϲл֮󣬽ȥ
Ƿֻһݸϣ˵ǹڡƵķҵһЩĵᡣ
ллϣġһ죬£һµɡϵ֮Ҳһ󼤶
ˣԳֿ죬ɵɵһЦĶϱۣ˵ܣһŪһʷǿұۻ
𡪡
´μ棬ٱһȣ˭󡣡
𡪡
˽ܴؿڣս˿
嵶϶嵶˵ֻҪȥ׷Σһ죬ᱻ׷嵶ݺݵصͷȭͷ
ǧ߹ҲںȥֳֻʣŮ֮䣬ζҲ̲ס͵ס˳ϣʣ۽ˮͣ䣬ӡ
ֻó֣ζˡ
ζޣ˵Һܿͻ㣬ʱǱˡ
ζûд𻰣һϵĲҧȥһ̵ļ䣬κΣϲӴҲǿޱȣ㽫ζݱ䣬ζȭ㣬ڳؿڣﻹ˵ӣ㲻׼£ûУ
Ϻϵ˵ǰһ
ζһЦǧУҪ¶Ҿ׷ǧȥ
϶¶

ζֱ˺һʴߴٵζɿ켴ϳ촽תȥѾ⣺Ҫƴ
ζӰʧҰ֮ˣߵϹܿǰϹܿȡ֣ˮؿųϣ˵һȥ
ϹܿҡҡͷұϾϹҵŮܾʹȥ
ɵ˵Ϲܿǻó
ʵұɵģֻ֮ҲɵˡϹܿЦ˵ʵ˵˵Һúÿ㣬Ȼұȥ
һۣһѽϹܿӵ˻С


599 ˾ƣ
ϱϹܿܽܽˮ齻һ㣬Ҫ䱧ϹܿоۣȴûóϷſɳϱţᣬҸ֮ݡ
ңһǵģһҸģ
ϹܿĬȻ
ţȢ㡣
ϹܿǳĬֻس鶯˱ӣζ˫֣Ҳ˳䡭
֮˷뿪ӡ
һֻ֥ɺ棬šרóһӣȻ޴ȴҲ֥ɺ䣬һֻ֥ɺǿһֻڳߵģֻСһֻ֥ɺˡ
Ϲܿҡͷܡ
ץϹ֣ܿӷģòݾܾĿ˵ţţ׼¶ûУ
Ե֮ϹܿЦˣ˴ӣ˵һġ
ȻƲȥֻ֮߳һЦףǣǻԶҸġ
⣬üͷһ壬Ϲܿ˵꣬ٶȶȻӿ죬ٶȣ뿪ϣҪǲٶ߿᲻ˡ
ʵǰϱŵһ̣Ϲܿ룬ȥĻһһһӣ
Ϲܿȥʱ򣬼Զ֮ȺǸҷĵ˳һϹܿȥķϹܿϵӰĵ֮󣬿ʼ˼ܾȥ򣬻鷳ǰս֮УҲ֪ҷûûֽϢһڣֻһڲʹ˷Ź
ôһ˼֮Ϲܿͷ棬ķˣ׼һʱ䡣
ҪŮˣ뿪ˣоõǺܲ뿪ߣֻǣΪİΣΪ˲ǲȥˡ
ҹɫ֮Уӻһԣ϶ӴȤ㲻ҲҪң
˵׼ң
ҿծȻҪ㡣
˵Ļ϶ͻȥһᾡȥѰҺΣգҲὫۡϵĻ˵úǲĿģõ뿪ŸбϣȻĻƾŵӴǸǹִž϶ȥ
˵صĻģȴǵӵķ߶ŭߣȻһЦҲ㡣ȳ˵ֵ˦ңҲҵġ

ЦЦٻشֻǵǰȥϻЩаңоӵֺܲ򵥣ǹžʵ̫ԣϽ֮кһɱȥ
治ҵĻ΢ŭԺﲻ֪뵽ɶ΢΢ȥŰɣò˶ʱ䣬Ҿܳǰ
ˣڼԶ֮ۿŵߣҲʧǰɢ˿ȥķȻǴߵģйƵĴ˵
֮һξ춯أγһ޴籩
һɽϣھۻţ˱Ѿãɿһѿƣŭ֮£ٴѪڣ֮ǿܣ˭նɱʦ֣˭
վھۻһѾʵڣһΣʱ𣿡ţھȥһ£һΣʱ̲õġ
Ҫ£Ҫһɽλһ۲ãڣλĸһ֪£һҲɥȪǲǼ£Ҫȥʦʦһ˵Ļڶߣǰȥţʱֻһˡ
ھ۴Ǽµؽƣֵģһ鷨ƬȴЩ֣Ա߻˵ھעԪ֮ǲƬȴԶѿŻΪƮڵء
⡭ھۿǰ棬Щɵ㲻ô¶һɽĸ֮Уһϥߣۣһʱ̣Σ֮أѵǴԽĹ
׷ԲԵߣ˲Щͷ֮ȥһչ㣬ҡֱϣȥӰһȪ۴ӹ
ھҵȣҲûʲô֣ߣֻܵǴԼһӣھǰʯڴ¡֮ںھ۵ľ֮Уʯڶ߳һˣǰ׷ԲԵߡ
㡭
ھ׷ߣβס𾪡
׷߿ھҲһ㶣켴ھһھ˺£㶯һ
ھûлصùô벻ףľȻ׷ߣʶ˾ƣǰ׷ɱħ;Уʬ޴棬ڣȴֳǰһǸ߽Ϊδ֮ǰҪһ˵ˡ
˾ƣ㻹ţ
ϷȻš˾ƽھ´һۣЦ벻δΪǲǡ
ĺھۣ˿ľش񹦣شΪֱµ˿̶֮ˣھ۵ɫúѿΪ˾ƶĳһô࣬Ҫ£Ȼһ㶼֪ھʱ˸ʣЩǰ׷ɱħӵĹУ˵ûҷˣǲˡ
ʸ𣬺ھۻͻ뵽һÿ꣬ɳȻĵӣܻЩȥ޻أѵǣûֻǱѩһУΪʲôҶ֪
һɷŭȼںھ۵ȫ
˾ƲŲھʱʲôֻһȵھһڵ׳˺£ϽһһȻ⣬ɸ𣿡
ھĲȫѹ£ȥ˵˳Ȼû˵Ϊ˵õϵ֮壬ñɻĳϣӳ졣
ˣ˾ԽüͷԽһҲʱŭ𱬷ˣھһСӣ㲻ûɱԼˣΪ䣬һٵһнۣʣһС㶼㲻õ
СħӵͽܣһˣھҲܲغ
˾䣬ħӵͽܣΪҲֻһ㶼㲻𣿡
߿϶иˣҪȻɱһʦ֣
ˣ˾Ƶɫڻ˹ŭ֮δʦ𣬻ǾԼú˼ȥ
ƾʲô
ƾϷΪߣʵǿ
ھ⻰͵һѪĿľش񹦴ɣǵõǾ֮壬ΪҲ£սԱǿö࣬ϧ
˾ƻ˵ţƾڿʼҪϷ֮Ϸһɽ壡
壿
ŭĺھȻز׽ˡ塱֣


600 Ԫϻᣬ
壿
ھһЩƺһ㣬ٱ˵˼֮ν˵ȻˣһھͽˣϣܽǸƾ׽ûһ򣬱ͽһɷһڵĴ󳱣ܶɶ߾ٷ졣
ɣ˾һߣǻΪԼʵһССɣӵʣҲƱɵڶǿЦһڶңֱ̧̫ˣڱƬأֻһɣǾһڣܻΪһҪǻҪǷ⣬ڣһҪǾͱ˭Ҳ˾ǣǰһɱĺ
˾ⷬԵĻУŶԺھķ̣ȻָǰþƣȻŪزǰǸ¶Ȼ֪ʦΪʲôҪôǣһɵġ
ʦȻھ˵ôһ䣬תˣϣˣϾʵ˵磬˭ʵ˭лȨ
ȻԶԶôƽΪһôһ̯£Ͳ˾ƶʱھܰƽʱҪ
˾ƿźھԶȥıӰһЦ˺üˣǵС˼Ϸ򻹲ǣ㲻֪Ķкܶܶࡣ˾˵꣬תʯ˽ȥ
ʱӣһɽ϶һİˣİˣ࣬Ŷʮˣ
ǣʮ棬Ϊ͵ģǳʣ˾֮⣬۾ߣһڵĳţھԵʵǰѴ֮ͱ˾Ƶ¿ס
˾һһڵ鱨ϵͳѯɡĴǷȻһڣУٶҵɵڶռɽǹʲôͷһҪ˳ϣһִȫȡо񣬼ѵ
ĸȴ˾רŶ˵ģԪϻ飬˭ȡ׼ɱƣ˭Ϊ֮ף壡
һ仰˶ʱⱬǶ֪塱⼸ζʲô
£һȭӦ󣬸Ͻоһյĳϵϣʱ򣬹ڶǵϢڴһڵ;С
ϻԱҲʱԪϻᡱ֣Ժʱǧ˼
һڷ仯֮ʱĳ֮ף˶ͷҷһԣǶںܷŭ˭Ҫʱ֪ײȥ³
Ȼ쳣ŭõļƻȻ⣻ȥЮʵʣǱ˼Ю֣ˣɥǸԳΪȥ׽һ佫ΪСŮӣʧˣһ浽ʮգȻܵһ׷ɱҲһ汻ͻȻϸŰɱƻúúõĲ֪ȥ
õĳĬ֮󣬵ٿڶЮζ˵ӣٽ̣ϸϸһֶ˵һ顣
ǣ١
ɫֽζҪζץסȴ˸һԱ˵˸رǷġǱЩŵ֮ԿţҲǺӴСˣϾԷԽǿ͵ҲԽС
꣬һʣղ˵֮ûаţ
һ㶣ɫһ졣
һˣǵ鱨˵һ顣
ǣ١˸Ǵžη˵õϢûаͣٵ˵ڣӳʤƴɱʼ˵𣬻н֮䡢ᰡżȵȣһĶϸŭıһֱ˵ϵӰƮȥ
֮󣬵ٱһˣ˵ڴΪǺã
˱һҪնɱơ
αƾĸλһʣ˵֮ˣҲΪȴǸϽͷ죬ڵƣȥɱ뻢ڡ
ϲǻǸǱߵ˽ͷ͹ƣɲͷ
һɣǲǾڱ¶ûףҪһжŪ̫֮£һ׷鵽ͷϣǸ𣿲ңΪǱ߻ýǷ˲ץĺͷ͸𣿡
ɫĬ֮С
û˵𣿡
ɭĬһԴƣǸ˵ѾǵĿƣصǰľ״̬ǲܵˡ
˵ͷֿ˵ȻȥȻ˻ֻǰȻӰǵ̼ƻԣǲҪɽ׵ǶȡҪɽסǵűĻң߶һڵԹޣ׳ǵ豱֮һභơ
ô
һҪƿǿƲסҪɱۣǽϳֲ̬죬Ļ䣬һ˵һˣľô
һҲǲţˣһڵնɱһҲŪɵӣʲôʲôӷˣɵˡ
ʵ֮Ʊٲ֪һϢûУʧһȥ
оƵĺܶϣȥңԸҿ϶Զġ
ɽ
ӵ˵ͷ
ֻã
ƾɽ϶סƣҪԽۺ£ȥһˣֻҪһ֣ʲôҲܣֱӽ£
Ժ˭һڵעǲֱҪһڵ𣿡
ѵҶ֮ǰðһڵ壬ǿ֮ٵ𣿡ӿԵøˣɻҲ˷ܣӼ˵ǿܶҲħӣҲܽһһʱ䣡ǷǼٵ֮󣬱ľƣȻģȻշĻǵļƻ㽫һʧһ
һ֮˷׷׵ͷ˼˵ӣһĻᣬȥǸһһȺץ£Ȼͷ
ǣ٣Сһ񣬾õʧ
Ѿᣬһ˵ɳɣˮӣȥ׷ѰɵӵϢһϢرлᣬ㽫һ򾡣ǲܣһҪ˵Ǹӳ󷨱ˣץֻҪץͼһ
ǣ١ȫϲɫ
ȴһο˵¡


601 ˳
£׷ǱĵϸǲôãȻûвʲôõϢˣҲûȡõϢ
˵Ǳ󣬲ӵϣ֮ɫ
ļ£ȫѰǸɱϸõ鱨϶һĪԹŻὫһŰɱҪҵ
ٽ¿úأΪϸߵʵͽӣܹõɴҵԺ֮УռϷ硣
鶨£ٸϽȥԽλۣɽ׽ƣ
տʼǲɫֱóһ棬˵йŹ֣и챦ʱλ۲Ŷģɽ
ʱһѾѰϣҲһɽ԰϶ķȥͬʱһȺ˵Ƿֳ˼·ĳϣΪĿʵ̫Ѿһڵ˷֣һڵûֻ֣ǸȥҪһһ򾡡
Ϊˣ߽ʴŶʮһɽ
Уйظɶһ̬ȵ鱨ҲԴԴϵһɽĴҲڴ˲֮Уؼ൱ϵ̬ɰУµˣȻ˴뱱ı߾ϣҡĻ̵̻ģΨϹһǵӣΪеƣϹܿ޸һڵӣĵơ
ȻϹͲ֪ϹܿȻ֪ȥҷҲŭȼţ켴ҷҧ˵Լӣ˻𣿺ߣҲ㣬ҪԼҡ˵꣬ҷ缲һڸϻȥ
뿪ǺȽ֮䰲һԣŸεˣܴ֮ǰͶԳǾηԿн۵ƴսģη˹裬θϽóҩģó֣ռ˺ܶҩģǾյֻһζҩģǧܵĭ
ùҩ֮󣬳ָĿٵƷԪʯѪҺָһҩĵȥѰҩĵгħĲҩģ
󣬳ϴ֮ԶѭȥҪɱɽǣڲʱҪϸµڵ֮࣬似
֮أħʦնĽˮ¿ٳһǱ
˵ףѹܴ󣬺ѣǣں׻𺣵ײеĳ˵ûʲôѶȡ
ڳϽ֮ǰǸ߸ߴŵħ񣬿ǣϲοһЦʦ㿴ĵǰΪ˸
ﶴûеһ˿һʱ䣬ϸڵľ似һһػ䣬ȴ鲻ԽҪһЩ棬ϸףϸ۽ǵۣѩϸΪʦϸ似ʱǷġ
˺ôһ򣬳ϲŽѹȥԼ似
ǬԪն롰򽣹һСӥ족ûпǣ似ҲȴǲܳϦһͣġȭоҲ̫ӣСʱϱ㽫
Ḷ́ǳͬһģԪѹ£ͷţʹĥдͨ
֮Уʱޱȡ
ϴͨڶʮɡȭ㻨ȥ˽ӽһʱ䣬ɳֻãżѣţһ߻ָһ߼šо̤ľо̤оÿһ̤һ
һͨһһʱ䣬ϴͨо̤ľ̤ԽԽѼ㣬̤ľѾһ죬ȴûмó
ʱһһȥ
֮ʱ֪ԽԽĵϣǷ˼С¶
һ¡
һºڵҹ޳ǵĳڵĴССɣȫ˸һɶʬȫ޳ǵĳǽ֮ϣѪޱȣڶ죬һŵʬֱˣ˹ȥ
Ϣʹ˿ȥմ鱨һڣ֪޳Ǵұ׷ɱ˻ǳΪһ޳׷
´µ˾ͽȴǴˣԽȥСİҲ˾ͽһ˾ͽ˸ߵɱ¾ΪֵǱ⣬Ҫһڵע϶ഴһЩʱ䡣
ڶ¡
ںߴˣûһڵ˱ɱ٣ȴȫǾǿߣ߽ʣʡĪϵˣȫڲ״̬һڶʮǽŵ˺嵶һȺɱ߽⡣
ۿһھҪζ֣ŵƽޱȵĴȴǱˣͷϰֱӽһڵ˸ܳɡûǷӦΪʲô¶㿴һȻֱǳɱ嵶ˣʣɺ𾪲ѡ
ζǣȴϰΪܹ֮չô죬ɺǾԷֲģ
߽ľֱ֮üΪ˷ܣôһֻޣ϶൱мֵ׼ֽɺ£꣬ɺܿײø߽ˣȻһԪɺζǵľ֮£Ҳָ˲٣սȻʮǿ
߽ҪУһƷɺɺѪ辨һţ³飬ǧǧˮʣʮȫС
ˮҲšһ˵ţһӣ㽫ˮɢ֪ˮǵˮˮɢһɲǣʱӰӣЩӰӣкаףлƽ𡭡
ЩӰӣȻ֥ɺˡ
֥ɺĹһڶʮǰ治ôǿǣ֥ɺడൽգ·ԶҲɱƵģԪɱһѣúһ㣬ǰΧ
ңɺͷޣʡĪϵ˳׼ᣬûϮɱġٴδչ硣
ʱһڵȺǿߣ棬ˡ
ڣɫ֥ɺ̽һҲˣҽʼ𡭡
һڶʮǿߣȫû
֥ɺȴɺӴӣҲһ⣬ȴһ߽ԱɹҲᡣ
һ˲䣬һϵƣһһѿִһɽȨ˾ƣ֮࣬Ȼ½˾Ҫϵ÷ζǸ˺ݺһƣ˾ȻǹҲסٴɳ׷ɱɽǴԲʡ
ֻϧζѾˣ
ڵ֣ζһɱܾ֮֮Ю߷𣬿ɿĻ棬˲ٳ֣
ǣһи߽ʳֵϢȴǴ˻ȥ


602 ߣ
ٽӵ´Ϣ̫⣬ǳԾһڵʵƺԤĻҪǿϢ˵ٸźûץס
Ȼٲ֪ǽСǣظоֶǰδõģܽץסƷʱɾʹҵָǿһ֡
ͬʱٻɾȻĺУ֪ʲôޣϬͻأٺĪ뵽˱׵Ǵж룬Ҳֻһζûȥ
Ӱ£ûϢߵļƻٴʧ㣬ٵģĪطЩ뵽ɽ᲻Ҳ⡣
뵽⣬ٲԳһЦڣôܳ⣿Ѳƻɱ۲ɣ
Щ϶֪
һ֮󣬳Ͻо̤ھ̤ʣ̤˾񡰲ɽ鷳ǳϼᣬѪֹǺͷ
ϺǼ⣬˾֮Ѿٲ㣻ȻҲܽЩһٰͨվй˷ʱ䣬˷ѾпͶ޹ϾǼѣҪȥմͨǻֱҪ
Ҫ֪Щǲһ㣬ǹܴɡ
Դˣֻٴη£תоǬָǬָֻһָʮָԿǣֻ϶ѣϸֻһָǬоʣ¾ָоޡ
ʹһָóϻ˴µʱ䣬óֱѪ
ڳϺô˳
һ֮󣬳ϳֵʮǬһָһָСָ
ĥһָͷ֮󣬱㽫עˡߡϣ֣ϱ˽նɵڴܵǴʱ˱ʹˡġߡĽ
һΪɱУһΪٶй֮ͨţˡߡٶ似֮Уϸ˵šߡֻǴͨ˫㾭ɣһȫת
Ҫ뽫ߡɾͣͱҪЩͨγѭһšߡתһٶԽ죬ߡԽٶȻҲԽ죡
ʵߡ⹦˴Źʦתѭ⣬ûɣħӣҲһֻȻߡһʩչɵΧɱЧħӻܶһЩ£ϸҲֻСгɾͶѡ
֮ôѣΪЩ
Ȼ֮Գ˵ûйϵ
ٶȣ书޼᲻ݣΨ첻ƣܽٶһǺ϶ΪһΪһ壬ĻΪ֣ҡ
ţԽԽ۾⣻ֻǣ˫֮ľȽϺüһЩ⣬˫֡ȵȵľҲѼ㣡
Щɽһѹ֮ʱֻǼᶨţ⡮ߡжѣһὫ֮˿̣ϸԪ֮ҩڣҲպֻ㾭
ֻȥһڣ乲ٳߡ΢л
󣬳ȡһöԪˣһ£ΪĳɹĻʵúܣǣϸľ棬ǿпסһ䣺ڻǶĵʱ򣡡
оˡǬԪն򽣹һӥ족ȻϲͣǳϿԴȡõģо裬ѧڽ
һоǴµʱ䡣
Ѿ״£
ǾѰϵۣҪˣϻףұ鱱֮һڶɻɣǲȥ˴Խ
뿪˱ִӡһüͷ˵ھŷˣһҪңң
ۣҲǶΪֻҪҳƣƾͱض£Ǵûܻ᲻УܻеĽ֡
ͬʱǺ˾ɳİʣûѰζǵټ²˿ܳ˺ǻ׷ɱ׷ȴûһټֻ֮ص½ϣûоʹ˻صһɽǸ˾ƴЩзһ֮ĵɣչɱ
ĻɣŵӣЩȫһ
ʱ䣬ȷѪ꣬Ѫɺӣ
Унʣ߽ʣԲʣǿĸܵУ
տʼɷڵǹƶ֮£ɷһڵӿޱȣһеһУŰ˴һһɣһһŵԴ˳ȥ
ޣ
ϾھԵǰǻҪΨһĽ
ˣ˱ɱˣɱˣǳɱ¾ٸҷȫҡβ
µģȻвµġ
ǣһڵŭˣޱȷߺˣҲǸŭԣֻܽߺ޲ʱǵУޱȻǸƣǸɱһƣϣһγɱЩ֡
Ȼ
ٵõǰʵľ֮󣬾㶵۾ȫǲţôܣһ˿ɲǵ׻˶ٻ֪׷ɱϵľۣ֪϶Ϊȡ
ٺԥ˽ϢϱȥһֱоǬĵ٣ЩˣţһھʲôάһڱĵλѲɡ
پ֮У˼ҪҪɽһۻԷһΪһڸΪǿˮ棬ϵʧٲܸעһڶͻὫڵǵϡ
ôһ룬ٲٳɣƹأǱһʱӦɱɽͻȻɱȥ߽ʺһۣҲ㹻Ըˣȵһۻﲻܳء
Ϣɿɽȥ
ڰ˴ʴɱɱʱһŵɣΪ˹͵Ϊֺһڣѣɣ˰˴ʵļȷ档
˴ʶȻ֪һҪľҹֻҪʶģз֮ĵģһ磬Ҫֳȥ
һڵı˵ֱӵ㣬ıǱ˵ı
һ֮£ֻ棡
˴֮ʱźۼأһһǣ
һ죬һϢߣħӵĵ
ʲô
˴ʴ󾪣ʱ
ǿҪִ֮ʱ׵ĳۡ


603 Ϊ
һ񣬱ûʲôϰ˴ԳֻҪҹһſ϶ܽлȥҵϡã׵
ǣ񣬲һ񣬶ħӵĵ
̫Զİ˴ʣȻҪǰȥǰȥҪħӵĵ񣬸Ҫܵˣˣȫɱ
ݲ
Ǻǵʲôǣ֮£Ѿ˸ʵʵŵĵӣʵ̫ߣ󲿷ֶǴʦ佫ٵÿģֻŵˡ
һʵڰ˴ǰʲôǣ˴ʴһǻҷ
ǣķˣɵͨ˵ҲһƷ˵ɽˣ
ˣ֪ŷϢ󲿷ûȥ󰡣͵һ࣬һǶѾǱƵ·ϣǳϼٰħӳ֣ˣڻţһˣ̫Ŀ־塣
ˣЩܹݵˣħӵ񣬻ǳλߣħӵĵһһΧǧˣÿһ˵ϣǾȻ֮飬һҪħӵľȻ
ֻһһ˭Ҳ˶˵񣡡
̤ǵʬȹȥ
ƴˡ

Ⱥ𼤷ѣŵˣҲȫΧߣ˴ҪŵȻȥħӵĵ񣬲ǿЩŮŮı飬ȫӣȫһ߾ʬ㡣
һǰֻһͨҲϣ
ܿ죬˴ǵƮڿգڰڣҷڷ˳£Ͷ䣬һ˵ɣȻɵˣһѪȵɱ
ŵгУԺ棬ʱƨƨۣЦܵǺڷǰǾϹ񣬶ǹ񣬹ڿգͷʹ£Ȼ֣ǲᣬ˵ϣЩ˶ǵΪħӵˣūѾȫϵ
˴ʿħӵĵ񣬱ĿһУʵ棬ǳ׷ɱħѾԪݽߣΧ֮УȻɱһʦֵܣӳ죬ȻǻˣһĻǺ
˵ǰ磬ȴֻһֻɥ֮Ȯգĵ񣬸Ҫҳӽ̶֪Ҫǻţֻл롣
˵˵ţЦˣЦЩŤ
ߺ޺˵һԵ³űֻ·һҲ᲻ð
ħӣΪʲôô磬ϷûѪѪأ췢Щ˵

һһпǺڷ֮ʱڷ߿Ⱥգ̫ˣϷ÷
һϽ˵ϣūȥȫɱˡ
ȱɱǡ
Ҫһγ䵱֣ȴôһиϽתȥȴһ췢˵Щ˲ħӱӻǾħӵĵǰһһŰɱħôӻǡ
ǣϡ
һݣЦݸŨ
סŰɱҪٶȣʹطʽɱǣ췢˵ţ¶ޱȵЦݣЦݽһ˺ۣеøӿֲﾪȥ
Ȼֹ췢ߵ飬ĸ˵ϣմѪ˵ϣ֮󣬺ܹͻǰǸجΣϵǵ̺ȥ
˵꣬ߺ˶ɵ˵ͷ
дŵӣһȺȥˣ׵ĳϣۣоһαչأͨһһľȭо̤ǰ̤Ǭһָߡ
Ϸ֣Щջ񣬲Щ似ңڵ֮ǿԪΪ״̬Ҳָ۷壡
ʱȥˣһڵˣ϶ҵü˰ɣɽˣţϾˡ
ųϽһ仰ϵɱŨɢɱܣ罣âһնȥЩɷ׷µ䡣
վһֱԹڽ֮˵ɵߡ
ҪȥԿ𣿡
ɱˡ
ɱ˾𣿡
ǵġ
ãҪɱˣɱˡ
֮Сһ㵸ţ۾̰ԵϿ֮ڵӣһЦΪֹȻû֮ôɵˡ
֮һ⣬ǣϵ֮ͻȻ׳һͻȻ˹ʱֲڣǴ޴ѣ˼֮󣬻ǽ֮ߣô˵֮ҲǸ߽ʣһ
Ժô֮䣬ϻû
һ̤ˮԶۣǻ۵ĲˮǾˮԪϾһ㣬ɵ
ʱϣѪȻ档
Ⱥ֣һʽһʽѤ似ָ޴İǵ壬ննţؿϸݣʩյȵȣŰɱʽҪжңֻ벻ģûġ
Щգǿ似ȴҲѪжԲıһֻ׸һȥȥĲˣŮˣˣС
ȻѪʮ㣬ɼΣȴԲŵӵĶ֡
Ǻ췢߿һУؿЦţӰһ˫ħӵͷϣЦħӣ㿴Ҫӻˣ㸴ӻǰħӡ췢߷й˵ţɥĲضŵĵҪ޸޵ΪϷͣ
ɱΪֵŵӣ⻰һ㶣Ҳţ޸޵Ϊ
췢߿״ܲˬˣУ㿪ʼ򣬱
лһϽؿͷվ֮۾һȺ֮УһץסһŮģֱ˺·ӣȻ󡭡

Աһ˺ֱгȥӸƴˣ
һЦѾŮӷŵڵأ󣬷һƣ뽫Ӹȴʱ⣬ȫסãﻹЦ˵ƴûʸǲǺʹҪؿţŮ˱裡
УòһŻ췢߿һĻЦøˣʿǰƵҵģ˼Ļ棬һʶûУеֻǳ޵ķй
бʹˡˣĵǣҲѧһŮȥ
ʱҽƴǹˣ飬ȾǰɣˣȾǣ飬ɱһȺɣ
Ǻ춯أ
Ҳˣ
Ǹˡ


604 ȥ
ħǰȾǰɣ
ˣɱһȺްɣ

һһ͸ˮ棬ֱװ֮´ȥ
ߣžˮԪĳϣ⻰һͣǽΧŵˮʱųһͶֹͣƱһ㣡
ʲô£
Ժиոոʣŵ϶ûõģħѾˣôӻǣңħӵĵҲᱻݻ٣øɸɾϷϷ򰡣Ϸ˵һ
ӾҲ㣡
췢һ㶣켴ȣȻϷͳȫ㣬򽣴
ˣ˻ΪǱģǶк³ǽñҸңһٱһǧһ򱶣ƽʱʵͽĺӣ϶˵֮Ҷһλǿŭ䣬ڣȥˣȳϴ֮ЦЦ
⻰췢飬ű̬֮⣬˿ãһ߽֮𣬶һ֣ʲôףϷ򲻻˳ħӣϷ㳯ħӵĵ¿ˮˮá
롣
㰴Ϸ˵ϷͷӣŮҪȻϷܵһ򱶵ĥ
⺺ӴţѾˣץסϵ·ѱһԿŵĶӣţ³Ѫ
Ҫ޶Ķ˵أ췢߿Цš
еĳϣ̶̼ͨȻĴţʱŭֱɱֱˮЩ㣬ѿаٱһʩչò̱ħӣθȥ
У˴Ҳܵ˳Ũɱǿݵѹһ㲻׳˺£۾пȥֻ֮ˮϱڿգ¡¡ըڶ
£ʲôһɻӿо
ʱӰڿУŰɸߵˮˡ
ڿ֮ʱѾװΰϵ̽һǺ췢վħӵͷĻ棬ȻҲûд
һĻֱó۾ʱѪޱȣɱһٳ壡
ˣϳкûͣһ˲䣬ֱɱ췢ߣ˭ôĵӣվϷͷϷ
УʩչߡȻߡֻ΢л򣬵ٶȱǰ߻ıҲǿܶࡣ
˵ġȻǵء
ʩչߡͬʱ֣ճȭȭȭиʮŲ
գ֮䣬Ͼ췢ǰ
ٶ֮죬ú췢߶ûзӦֻǱܵظո۳ȦʮŲġȭѿɱ
飡
ȭʮŲйֱ˺췢ߵķ͵غؿ֮ϣ
췢˵Ǹ߽ʵΪҲǿ˾һȭ֮£ȴûл֮ؿȭһ˲䣬ͺȻըѿ
ңըѣؿΪģȫӿȥһ׹ǵѺۣ⺷˺ӣ
ͬʱ췢ߵӰٱüٷˣӻڿУŸ
ˮ䣬һȭɺ췢ߣֻڵʯ֮䣬췢߶ѪڿյʱβżҪס췢ߣﻹе죡
ʣٶҲǲλζӾŸҪϸΧס
һЦȵɵҪһҪߣһɱֻɱУ˭ҶЩƽһëɱϵ⣬ǶħʦΪǶһȺʵİǣֲ˵С
֮УٴʩչߡֱǺ췢ٴηȥһΣȥɱ췢ߣҪϲҪǺ췢ߣɵȥ
ߡھʾҪΧһ˲䣬ϳ˳ȥ
Զ߽ס˺췢ߣֻסͬʱҲײײѪӿѪһȥ
ԭ߻ڽס֮ƣɿɱڶȻǴԲʣҲ΢ţסȥ
ֻߵĺ֮٣롰ߡȣ˲١
Ϣ֮󣬳ɱ
߿šħӡݣһ㶣ȥϸ룬ȵħӣҴ˺ʦܣϷû꣡
ӲҪҪɱ㣡
һʽһơӡ֮ȻзƱɫ߸оǹֱϢƣǹȡʱ䶼ûеٶȣǴΪ𾪣ԲʾΪޱͷų
ȻʩչʮֹߣǲϾΪн۵һ棬¡һơǱޱȣǾ͸˵߻ֻˡ
䣡
еķڡһơ֮£ȫΪҽţȥ
ͬʱʩչȻ磬Ѻ΢ðԵޱȣֱ췢ߵ˸ɸɾһ˿һ£
ʱ˸оԺﴫȻʹҪը
رߣĵÿѪоԪɢŵ̧ͷųϣȴ棬׹ȥ
߹˲ȥ˼һΪʲôֻ֮ʹƴԪ˸ߵ׹ȥڵϣ϶ء
Ȼ򣬻ȥʩչšߡһϮɱһץ췢ߣͬһ˲䣬óʮҽţ߸׷ɱľʡ
Ϸֽסʡ
췢߽Ѿ׽С㣬ץУѾûԣľʹٴѹޱȣƿ;
㡭ǡ𣿡췢ȻҲǱɵˣֵ˵ɲ֣һȭܽģԵ֪һȭǶôش
Ϸ˵ģ
ܣ췢ʲôߵ˵˲۾һ˿ƺˣٱʲôֻҧ˵Ϸˣ֣һȭϷҪ˶ãҲȪ·ϣϷ򣡡
⣬ЦˣЦţЦǱ߱ϴˮȻѿؽУٸΪˮ˵ڣ㻹ûʸûܾĥôأϷôأ
Уǿйעס췢ʵά
췢Ϊӽסز
ԶȶסӺȵС


605 ɱ
С
ʻף֪ħ磬գ֮䣬ˣһ߽ʣһԲʣŭɶغ
Ȼĺˡ
Ƶ֣ܽеģ
Ϸȣֱӽɱʣֱɱȥٴμһơ
ţ
ʲ˷Ѿľɫâӳƺ֮
ԪƣҪӲƴһ֮ʱ
ʩչߡԤ׵һϷսߣ˻ԭλڴĸ߽ǰ
Ϸʵľ֮Уһơ£ֱԴϣ
ʱϷѪɣԽѡ
ṳ̂ͣͣšߡɱһŻɫͷĸ߽ʣͬǡһơ
ʼԼˣŭʢһŭһϣҪ֣ɱۣ
ǸƷʼϷ߱ĵɲǣоԾȡһϵ֮󣬿˿ȥﻹȵС㻹ûаһңΪԼ޵𣿡Ʒ˵֮ƣһҲδǰͼʶһơǰȻûңҲܳܵģûʣѾһϢ
ֻ˵ţɱ´࣡
£ɱƷǰƷ۾һݣϽӳһӣмСӳȥͬʱƷʱȳ֣
ڻƷӳСʱϾȻ˻Ԫָ֮ۻڵﴦʱʷȦ۶
䣡
һ죬ɢŻϢıƥ֣ҪֱɻңǴ۵ʷȦ˲䱻ըȻʧɫ
֮Уһ΢Сµ룬ڱУϵ
ͬʱʵĹ
һ޴նľӣŸɫͼ
ǽʩչɫâǽâס˰һ㣬ɢŵĻϢȻƷӳӵĻϢŨʮٱңոڿ֮󣬾ʧӰŻϢҲȥ
һУƷЦˣЦźݵϷɱң£ħӣҲˣ
Բʣ߽ʣнʣĲһǿ
˵նɱżԲʣͬʱ˴ʽսҲ൱ԣ̽鵽˾ƣ֮ʱϾ˶ԲߣҪѸײڶ֮ƣնɱһԲʣʧȥս
Ǻһնɱ˺췢ʣҽ췢ķȥԤϣǰȥȣں˳Ϣľӡ֮һ£ˡ
Ȼ󣬳ϱҪնɱʣµ߽ʡ
Ϊ߽ʻǻС鷳нɵΣСö࣬ɴˣǴԲʣʧȥ֧ŵǿԮѹСϺܶࡣ
ƻʵʩû˳ֻһȺʵķӦȷܿ죬һɲǣϿ϶ѾǻƷʸնɱ׹ڵء
ʷȦڵԪϳ㣬ȻܹٴμʷȦûǳ˷
䳷£ɳȴǾʹУתǹɱҵɽȭ֮УȡעУǾ޴ҲնֻǾʧĽľâӴӱдƷʣ
ȹģǸ룡
ֻඣǸȴûд̽ȥ֣Ʒɫ䣬óһսһȣͷɫâɢΡΡɽϢսɽ֮ŭһ㣡
޴ڳϣɴԼΧﻹˡػΧרŹอֱอһȦһȦĲƣݳһһɱš
˹ﵽ⣬൱һ˾㲻ڱб˺Ƭ㲻Ҳˣอ飬Ѫ
ϧ治һˡ
ǬתתתอֻЩ𶯣˺ٲһ˺
һУĺַߣȴǲ
ǻҲһ¶ȣ׶ҪߣǵıֱӾͱվˣûлʲôԪڤӣڣڳϵɫǰȴƲʲôˡ
ԣʱϺᣬֻǽЩһˣﻹȵɵӵġ
֮úˬϵ棬ʩչھŲɱ
ֹɱ
ַ߸оɱϽ֮ȴţǣסңֻอҲڴǰò˰ɡ
עԽԽֲˣ˱֮⣬𣬿˿ֲܣȴƫƫûаϢй¶ΪϹע˸
Ʒߵɽ֮սȻն¡
ϲӲӲĳϣ϶ȭӭڣ֮սֻʹ죻˳ʩչȪˮ׸ϣ˲һƶıɽ
ңϽԸҲС
ƷʼһϲֻΪñ𣬸оĻˣԾնϣ︫ն£кȵСһ
¡¡
ոֵıɽն÷飬ۿҪնڳͷ
ϵӰȴʧˡ
ߡһʩչƱһơѾתɡȭֱɱƷʣƷʴʱǾѾδ֮ʱ
оɱ٣Ӹն
ϧˡ
ߡٶȣϵġȭѾ˻Ʒߵ࣬һѪȻ֣Ʒ߲ûȥ۾ŲŵĿ⣬˲תɾȻ
ȻҪԱųͬھ
ֻǣƷһγ˷룬ѾȡԪˣҪɱ㣬ӵˣ
Ʒʻδ꣬ͷ۾ȥǱסĺ췢ߣ𾪵ؿǰһУֲϮȫãǰһΣ
ڣ㻹жپ
һЦ֮ʱ޴ն۾һݣעڱ֮ϣʧɫâϣɫâգһǾ춯ء
ܹ
ʩչɫ𣬷޴ҷٻޣ
Хգ졣
޴ն֮٣ǹƣҲ
ʩչ޴ĺڷʣɫɫʱ䡭
ʱЦ
Ͻüһ


606 ú
ɫȻ죬汬䣬Ʒ
ɫ֮еľ޴ۿɼٶȣɢʩչ޴ʼ״ɫ䣬޴ɲԪ۵ģԼƷķΪģʮֹһܹɽ
ȻԪ֮ǼƷɫķ֮Уޡת
Ȼʹñʧҧݣһ֣ɢ
ʱǾ޴㼫طɢǼƷҲǷɢϸ״ʱ䣬ǧǧϸ״ıԾٶȣɫҪ
Ϸܷն٣ֻҪһͱˣͲţѪסˣԪѪȵȶס㻹ܲ
ʷǳŵ˵ţƷɲһķ;Ͳٶǿɷֿɢɾۿɺϣҷɢ֮һҲ
ǣһ˲䣬ʾͿ𾪲ѵһĻѾɢǧǧ򳯳ȥϸ뽣Ȼס֮Уɫ潫յޡ
ôɫ̣滹б֮𣿡
ʿʹĺڷʣڷеľȣȻŨޱȣɢһ㣬еɻ˵ɫ֮һֺǱ֮ӦáӦñˮǿ
ʲô
ʲţڷȴ˵ţˣҵĳ¶ҲȲɫײĻǳ¶϶ɢģԣǱɵķݡ
˼˵ɫǺ𣬲һ𣿡
ʾ˵ڷʲԸϣȴǲò˵ͷΪʵ
ŵͬʱǱɢøˣųϵĳ¶Ҳɵòˣ
أûннʵĹáȭɱƷʵһɲǣϾ͸оһɱͻرųն֡
ʱͷϿգǳ㣬ͻһ£
ԥأϽӳ͹עޱȿֲͷϿգֱǽȥ
ͬʱ޴âӿն£գۼ䣬Ҫնϡ
һУһ鶯Ц֮⣬˵Ϸ֮֮仰˼˵ǰϳûƷʾսߣδ֮ʱƷʸնɱҲҪóԪҸոʩչе£նɱ
Ϊ˴ᣬΪ˽һնɱǷ˾ԮƷʡ
ǸȻҲòȴûӣֻѿԽԽֹסػ
ͬһ˲䣬Ǵȳ
ԪǣʷȦޱȣңϻʩչУеУӭɫâ
¡죬һҡȴǵסɫâ
ԵظоУ˲٣Ƿǰɫâ϶ǽӲµģǣͬʱӦȡԪҲ󣬱Ǻƴ󺣣ϲԪնۼͱһ룡
ˣ·磬ƣҪиɫâƴƻţֱҪնУնڳϣնһҷ
Ҳһ㶣ûеģ෴Ц㻹ܷķֵϷһ𣿡Žʴһɫâ㣬µХֲ֮Ĳֱ·ǧ֮һϢ䣬ͱʷȦ֮ϡ
ʱΪֹնɱ߽ʣһ߽һԲʱˣֻǣĴҲСһơ͡ȭǡߡǾ޴ޱȣҪԪҲǴˣҪǳֻܹڵΪһǾӡ֮ġһơ󣬾ֱˣǾͱ˵ʲôȭһˡ
ټҪȫӦǽľɫâˣʵɱУ˲ʷȦ˳ϵĽŵĴ
ЦˣԪһһľľ⼸Ǳ֮УѾýľԪþˣ˽âȫ̽ȥŷãֻҪôһ˿ڣ͹ˡ
ϵ弫ΪǿǵϸСâ˲佫ϵһԴԹǣڳϵĽŵģ̳һСС붴ܹģȻ˵ףĺССԺԲƣǣ˹ؼʱǾͲһˣһ΢С붴κһأóٲ֮ء
һУֻһ˲֮䡣
ʵҲǺȳ֣𣡡
ָճϮ
͵һƺԵһ㣬ϽԪʲôԪԪ֮࣬һԶʩչ˲Ͳóʮӻڿˡ
ˣʵȻûаˣض
һߣʷȦƵʱ򣬳ϾͲΣ٣ûʹ֮ǰֵȻסҪλ
λܽ£ǵˣϲ֪ʲô
ڽʺȳʱһХҿҪôң
ʱǾ޴Ľâ֮У˳ǽŵǵâҲһ𱻳ڡ
ľнâһ壬ӭı޾ǵصâʹͲܱѿչʾ硣
֮󣬱Ǻ嫵ĴΧѹסâǱ߷µĳϢ֮ظ
Ȼâȴʱ
Ǹʣȴǲ˺ܶ࣬ǸһֱûɢơϢֻһٶȣǣɲǼ䣬Ÿо˲Ծ͵رƴ
ڷƵһ˲䣬ʲŸоĿֲ
ֻϧʮ͵סһķƣһķȦǽԪףľԪҲһöûС
ʵѾ΢𾪣ٵ˿־壡
ڿ־ɭɭУ͸壬һϢִ˳ȥ̵Ĳλ࣡
һѪ͵شӽϱѪ罦֮ǲȻ޴Ľâһƿѿ
ȻѪ֮Խ󣬽ܵ˾Խأ
ʻˣȴԼˣ֮ˡ
Ѫֹ
ǸѪڲϵ
ʵɫʱͱѿԪƺҲѪʧɢ
ۣ
ʿҲѪˡ
ҧһеѪ֣úݣ


607 겻
úݣ
֣һ˵ʩչֲݣ˵ϵƣ׼˴ɱǰȴû¶˿ߣʶ룬ǰֳһУǲǾ
ݣǳ϶ԼĺݣȻΪҲҪأȥӲһһɱ
˵֣ʽԼάڿУЩˣѪѾɢ˴ţһĴӣֱ£ţǼ͸ؿڵһɲǣͷųЩ
ʼûʲôһ֮Уһ֮󣬽ʲŸоǹûʲô̫ʲôˣ˲䴩ʮķӿֲ
ɣΪʱˡ
һĻֱ׼ɱеĺڷʺʶ˵žӵĺַߣһңһͣȻȻģĳҲˣɱ
ǣַˣ֮ȴûңھŲɱȻˮ಻һٲ㣬ҶҰǺһ֮䣬ַ߱壬Ѫһӿ³һѪ
ַ߸ϽȶҪֵ
Ȼַ߷֣ȶˣ״̬ƴɱȥֻ·һȺŵӣԺ︡һơ
Ⱥӳƽˮһɲǣȫ˵ҽûˣЦѹûˣȫϼϢ֮䣬ɱʣˡ
Ȼ˰Ǽ𾪣˷ܵ𾪣Ѿˣ׼ܾ裬ܾĥȴû뵽ħӾȻӽжˮ֮УЩŵĵӣǿ־𾪣ǿΪֱ˵Ҳŵò԰ףݸǿĵð졣
֮󣬰˱㿪ʼˣи٣ȫڵأɫޱȣǵУŵӰħӣˣˣˣˡ
ˣǵĺ𣿡
ˣһػ񣬲ЩСһ

ллˡ֮Ļǲڶ
һǵĵǶħӵʵͽ˵ڳϾŶǶһüͷ
ŵ棬Ϊ˻޳飬֮ȴһҸŮǣڣԼһУȲӿ
ϷҪ𣿡
пŰ˴ʶڷָƼɱǰǱ״̬ǾԼˣʶɱǸħӣǸƣһССôأ
ǣȥһٸģв£лͿ˼ڤһƣ㲻ǱЩҾЮǣܻ˼ɣɱҰɣ
Խ룬ԽΪ뵽ħΪ϶סЩˣһ˻ᣬ֮زز
ǵעȫƴɱսϣ˭ҲûעǣǺʱ
͵Ҫƣʵж֮ʱַ߷ˣУŵӣȥˣƴˣ
ַŵǣס֮䣬֣֮ƣǣȳ֮ȴŵĵӣûжǹӵĳУ
ʱַʴŭȵУҲ㲻ҪǸҲУϾַ˵꣬лվţԺ˼˵УǲǾϷڷڲɱ㣿Ϸ㣬㲻УϷҲҪңһڽ׷ɱ㵽ĺǣмһ壬ŵӣȫ壡
⻰вֱǲ붯ڿǣǸҲʾˣұǸַ߻ҪһɱȥҲ·
뵽ʱ̧ͷգĿⲻڳϣоϢбӿǧɻӼɺޣߺ޵˵ţƾʲôһ˴ƴɱҾͲУҪҲܺһϣ˭СңҾͲᱻһڱƵֵزΪʲô
һʼ֮󣬳лǻعʵţȥǣסǸģǲǿ취ǣסǸʡ
ͻأԺ
ַһҪԲĳʱд˵ϣū½ЩЮסƲҶΣ
ԣַ۾͵شŹâϲޱȣ԰ħŽЩϰĴڣЩס֣ٳûɱУ˵ܽƸնɱֻҪնɱƣһоͺ˵ˡ
ôһ֮󣬺ַʴȵͰ˵ˣϷͣ˵ŵͬʱַҲӽ˹֮ղֹ˳УԱڳеĶƣʵʩ
ѪַǾ޴֮ϣ֮Ĺ˲ǿ١
˵ƴĺַߣ֮ڲ
ѾЩ˵ĲץȥһըڿУҶһë겻
겻
еһˣȫû仰˼ֻǺ췢ףΪ˿ڡ֮У˵ûʹ࣬ϵʹֱ࣬ƫƫǹסˡ
ʱϵִȥȥ
仰ƷһЩζӵʱסӣתգųϣѾиսڣڵɫâҲѹסӱϳһѪ֮⣬û¶һ㡣
⣬иˣַʵִϷ㵲סϽЮס죡
лԥ
в㣬Ϊй˼ɣץסǾͶܻˡַʺǽּŭ
԰ƻȻһ䣬ҪµӺЩͨգȴҲ󺰳ˣ㲻ùǣǱһҲûʲôùǡ
ֻ˽ȫɱΪǱУϧ

һȺ˵ţеϵԼĲĨȥȻǲΪϵ׸
һ׳
죬ǣ׼찡
п⻭棬ˣЩ˿ľЩ˶ˣĽ֣ҲǱ⣬ЩеϣȻηҪɱҲһɺ֮⡣
ڣôǾʹȥأ
һ˫ֱȥݺһ̤
ͬʱʺȵ֣


608 ֶ
ǰǸѪѾӵС֮һۿȥֱӾܴѪӦñʵסЩ羰ԼͿҪˡ
ҲǺܲģڵص£˼£òײͻƽ˴ԲʾΪΪһγ½һӢֻҪǧš
ϵõһγˣҪȥ
ʱϾǳˣ֪Լɣȴǲˣڵֻ뽫Ǹɱ۸ʲôۣ
ԣǰַ˵ŵʱ򣬽ˣ˰ʾ
һֱڵţųϳ쳣һ̣ţɫâһ˺֪ڵܣ
Ǻڳضȥһɲǣʸоʱˣȳˡ֣֡
ʱֻǺڷʷһŲ֪ʲôЧĵҩѪ¶𣬻£¶Ĺһſ¶ĳ¶𣬵£ÿһų¶𣬶Ϸȥʽϸ룬֪϶֮ǰĻҪϲ١
Ҳһŵҩ˾ѪʩչˮһأҲӿӿ캧ˣЩӿУȥ˲۳ɱǴ۵ıУֱ˴̹֮УȻЩЩ⣬ڱ׵ײ겻֮ˣɢҪԪϢ
֮ɱµĺַʣǰ˴֮УΨһʣµĸ߽ʣʱҲûţҩ¾ѪͬʱӰ˫˲ʮֹһֻƽ֮ɫֻƣͬʱ޴ȥȻ෴ƫƫһֱϮϣ⻹ûֱ꣬ľ޴ӣȥȥˡ
ǽʣûҩҲû¾ѪΪѪûؿڣѪˣҲֻһϢˡ
ԣʽܷӳȫȼճ֣ٶȣ
Ҫٶȣɱǰ
ȻԱ
Ǹ˵ʣʵҲԱţ˸ɾԪԱĻĿǰֲǣҲƴˣȡһ֮ⷨǰƴɱУûüõġ
״һȡɢһʵ۾Ҳһ˿־壻ֻ˲Ϣ֮ʵĿ⣬ֱ˼ᶨޱȵؼᶨҪˣʹĥҶˡ
֮ʾȻ״ʿԼš
ǻ棬ҪѪȾжѪȣһ
ʱѪ˳
ǣЩѪûĴҽûڵأȫ״ˣ״ѪٶȺܿ죬Ӧģʵʧúܿܿ졣
ֻѪ״ͷų͸£ˡ
Ǻ췢ʣƺҲ뵽ƴɱ֮УãֻܿţؿţҲ˭˭Ӯ˭˭
Щ˵Ĺȫͬʱ֣ɲ֮ɵġ
ʱʩչߡ˫㶼ṳ̂ڴϣЩóϵľƣΣ֮УǳУҲҪЩͨոЮ֡
ᣬֻһΣ
ƴɱҲֻһεļײ
ײ֮󣬲
˵Σգʮ𼱣ǧһʱ̣òȥ˼ЩͨϰյֻҪרӦʵĹУֻҪɱʣɱŵЩӣΪǱУЩֲǨŭΪԸԼȥ
ԽϾԽȥΪάħʦϣǾʹȥϿһӶûвʣȻ᲻壡
ǳϵԭ˾һߣҾ֮һɣʿۣǷˣ
ԣƴҲҪǵ
һǼ䣬ҲǾɱڳ¶𣬳ûˮ˻ȻԻ˻𣬸̻𣬳¶¶£µĹ֮УóԹɫǳУٰ㹥ֻһ·ɱȥЩȫ֮С
·ӿ˵ȵȣʲôûֻǽٴӿϢ֮ʩչԼϣ֮ҪԸٶȣ̤ڴϣ
ɽֱײľ޴ӣϵ׼ȭͷʮŲںϳɵġȭǹɽȻ෴ڳϵŸһ𶯣һ˵ڶʮһŸ𶯣ֹֻͣ΢ĲܣȴٶԳʲôӰ죡
ǰڣɱڣʲô˵ʵԱЩ֮УģģϾһԲʾΪǿԱֻҪֱӱˡ
ǣԳ˵ȴ׵ģе֮ԽԽϽһҲֻܷӳһĹһǰһֱӸһɶ
ܹ϶һ𾪣һ㶡
һ㶣ǳҪģ
ϿʣѪȥ״ͺιžһ㣬۾ɽͷųС˵Ѫ𣿿˭̵ÿ죡
ӪĹ˵ʵͬһʱɵġ
ǡꡪǡꡪ
ǿֱӽˣײñѿмķ֣ʿ״ֱѪҧƴʩųˮ˲仯ɱ
ƴסϣ
У¶ҲûЧȫɫи˽ȥ
ڷʽһһ˲䣬ϳֵˮ۳ıд£֮ϳֵĳ¶𣬷ٳɻˣɱϡ
ϣôȥ
䣡
һ죬ǳϵ˫ײصش𶯣Ʒŭ˲䴫ǧ֮⣬ˣеˮҲõٻһӽг𣬷һˣֱ
ŵĵڳеĴ֮£ۿҪץеĸץˣҵ𶯴ֱӷ˿УеĻ³ѪЩҲܵ𶯣ɱŵܵ˺Сࣻڿյŵӣʹ֮£ﻹ˵ЩͨգֻУƴ³ѪץסһԼϣҪɱˡ
Щ˻ûдˮϮصˮ۾һ㣬ȫŵϺȥرǳУŽˮʹ֮ʱҪֹĨ˲ӣĻһоͰ׷ˡ
ͬʱǾ޴ײ˳ǰȭӲ䣬һ¶飡
ʽŰ֮࣡


609 о̤
飡
֮£ֻȭͷھ޴ϣʱһȦȦ۲ɼƣž޴ɢ˲Ϣ֮䣬㴫޴ӡ
ʱ޴ӻǰȻһٻûС
ַʿһĻЦСϷҲһˣϿκˣ쿴㣬ϷʲôĿ㾹ȻȭͷȥĺսӣȻܴ󣬵ǣһȭĺսӣǸǳ룬ǾԲܵġ
Ц֮󣬺ַֺȵСĺսӣΪ죡ĺսӣϷס֮
Ȼںַʺȳһ仰ʱ򣬳۾ﺮԭúõĺսӣۡһһȦ֮ʱͱǧ飬ǧƬͬһʱըѿ
Ƭգ̶ѿַ߿һĻɵ˵ЩɢŵƬʵģųһȭŰ꣬ºպսĺսӣˡ
ԭ޴ġȭѾǽĺսӵĽṹȫƻˣ֮ԣûѿȴǳ֮ǿά֡
Ȼȥַʴʱʲô飬ֻǶԴŰ׵ķΧ֮ڵĽʣ˺ű֮ĳϵĽʣиոɢֳǹɼҪóѵϲ֮⡣
ǣϲ֮⻹δۿԺʹһʹһʣ֮ǡ
ûȫףʾֱ϶Ҳ˲ϻһξ룬ҪȻǴԲΪԪˡ
ǣѾˡ
ô࣬Աɹأ
ڽʵһ̣ղǱϴѳǧ飬ĴɢĺսƬʲôǿһ㣬Ȼһ˲֮䣬ȫʵȥ
ٶ֮죬쵽ʸվò֮ʱѾʮƬڱһ޴ѪĽϣʮѪ
ȻЩѪǰǸѪһӸʴʵ壬ȴһԨ
˲ʣµƬҲֱӱ̳һǿԴǱɼ飬ưܲмڿзǿԪ˱
Ԫһһֱ֣ӽԪ˸˹Ž˴ָ۾ʡ
ʱѪιһ״Ĵ׷ɳͷųСգۼ䴩ʵӣǴ׷Ѫ
㡭
ҲǾȳû뵽СѪٶȣȻǸǴֹ֮СȴǸֹˣֻظоСѪߣӣҲ类ȡľһή
ҪףҪˣնԴˣҪҵǰ档һȣմѪͷһΣߡʩչȻһץסƷɻɱȥ
ʿɱþһ˿˿״ķظγ˳ϣԼҲƴ㣬ϳֻСס׶߲ȥ
Ǽ״ķ񱻹һɢŨĺ֮ķŭ޾ĺԹƺΪСղѪŭޡ
ң׷ŭɳޣȫй˳ϣ׷ɢ۵Ѫ⣬ʶһݺƿգѪâ£³һһɱֱϮϡ
תԪҲնâ˲佫Ѫâ˺÷飬߰״СУҲʩչֱ˳ȥЩɱһգ״ȥ
˻
һ״ӿһӿȵƵһѪɫ磬޾ϢͻȻնϣֱϴ
¶âǰȥֵǾƺ֪еѲȻһۣܹУڿתǺתģ˳ϵĲӡ
ٶȺܿ죬ȻʩչߡĻкܴؿܱܹȻ򣬳ûбܣֱնһʽڼ
飡
ײϣһը죬ǹɺƺ֮Ҳײֱ˳һˣǹɱҵҲͨ崫
ûڶǰ㣬ҺΣԼٶȣӿͺ嫵ֵסǹΪϸоǵǿ˲֪ٱǵǱѹҺ֮󣬲Īܣǰóϲһļ֮УҴʱ״̬ʱľƣҲóѹĻᡣ
Ŀǣ˵˳콣Ҳǲֱ棬ɢҲоΣһӵĿˡ
һת֮󣬾룬նɾһ˲䣬ϼǸʱסǳûһӿϣذΧ
øˣΧ֮£ȴôҲȥ
ʱСѾ˸ʬȻһ̴̴ĸˢˢˢһҽ֮ȡʵԪˣʣµʣգۼתľƣȻ𾪣Щֻţûӣǳžסᣬɱǰȥ
֮ھŲɱǺַʩչַߵĺսӱһȭ飬ȼȫԪҲǵֵס֮Ĺ϶Ѫӻȥ
û⣬ַձ֮֮£
ǣַʶԼҲݣֳƣɢ۱̹⣬ֻƣֱԼĶ£žžַ߽ԼĶˣѪȾơ
ȥھŲɱܶԺַɱϾûǰôأѾֹ˺ַɱȥʣΪ֮ûнӵϵĹԣòԻٶ䡣
ڷȫ¶֣ӻһοʩչˮαַαþ޴ǴѪֻƣҪһ˫
һڵˣû뵽һڵȻôǿΣʱ̣ȴ˵Ļû˵Ĺһ
һڵǿģڶֻһЦ
СĽ죬ļգ
ϷҪͬھ
ȣ׹صӰԻ֮ƣɱϡ
ţǰ׷ɱʦ죬Ҿʦ似նɱǣ
˵꣬Ӱһձը졪Сš̤


610 ɨʣֹ
о̤Ϲɾ̤
ϴѾԽԽ΢ľ̤նȥ
һ̤˵ӣ㱻һεס̶ƶѣ˲ûȫãƣųһǰ
ԽϢԽԽأ
̤ڶǻοĳ¶𣬲ҡһҡˮαǷꡱַԪֻƣҲǲ
ҧǺַʴɱżɱǰʱֱ̤ӽ¶и̤ΣգǱѷ󣬺ַʵָǣжѿ

жʣȻǲǾһרűնɱϵʹǶԳϵϻһ˽⣬֮ǰսƴɱУƴûʹо̤Ψһģڶǣϸʩչġ
ѵ˵һ飬ⲻµʱܽо̤̤𣿡УȻȻǰǰ㣬Ҫǰ
˷ɱϣȫΧм䣬ǾȻϢţҪȥˣ
ͬʱȴ̤̤̤˲̤
ֻǳ¶̤ȫˮ֮ѵøɸɾ¶ʵΣѾΣһαûʮ˿ظɺֵѷ죬رαĺַʣֻƾǶһ㣬ڳϵ̤֮£ʣȥ
˾Ҫǳ̤ھŲ
ھŲδȫ̤꣬˵ӣͬʱѿмӲһȵóϽھ̤̤֮꣬Уһ˿վΨһվŵģֻԼ
֮⣬ǸŵԪˣԪˣʹڳϵ֮£ҲڿʼѣϸϽ봢ָ֮С
ٻͷǾѾϢˣҲѹ˻ȥƵľ۾һâȻ֮һŴָ
Ϊֹ˴ʣȫ䣬СҲļ򣬳Ͻ˿Ԫˣаöָ֮󣬡ߡ̤̤еǰ
ȶסشŲѾֲ֧סˣ˭֮Ϊ𣬷֮Ϊ˵İ˴ʣһ˺ɨնɱøɸɾ˭־嵽㣻Щŵĵӣ˵ڵϣһ½һ£Ӷس鴤š
㡭촽ͣضţȴǶ²ԽԽɱԽԽŨһҪż˵ٹȻҾɱ
в
Ŀ˸㲻ҪѵĿȥ
ˣùңɱҾˣҲΪЮסĴ񣬺η˵лˣϽס˴ͣ˵ǰһǰˡ
˵겻ⲻһ𣿡Ц˵еĿ־壬ʱŨٱ͸ÿһϸҪǰЩǱƵģһڵ˱ҵģҪǲ˵Ǿͻɱңҡ
ǰȥһпˣҽסĲӣ˵ͣǰֻҪĹңԸţūʲôҾʲô
㲻䡣
ƣңӺͬھħӵһͿءмã¶Ŀʼˡ
Ƶ֣ܽеģʦ䣬ġ
˵꣬ҪնĲӣȥһеȥСӰһΣڳлûڵʱʹ˵ࡣ
һ֮Ѫߣһغ
꣬ꡭ
þȵĴ񣬻ϵӰһ˵ǳϴ˿װġħӡӰǵĵҲ˿ȡ
ȴǿԶԶһĨӰǸղŽиĵӣЦţȴ֣ô֪ģѵ˵ģߵҵң
˵㶪ҵġЦ̣·ůϲȥӣǿħʦĵ
Ȼ˵һγϾʦĵ񣬿һΣһΣԺΣһΪ׵һȺˣҪʦĵʱ٣ܾȣ
ЩʵҲòϣ
һ֮󣬳ͷų㣬ֱʣµŵӣȫΪҽ֮䵽ʦĵǰʦĵڵߵݵĴǣ󾪴ţæߺˣǹǲػԸµ񣬱ӻǰɡ
ΪػϷҪˣ֮СϷֻǲõٴα𣬲ǵ⵽Ⱥ
㿴ңҿ㣬۾ﶼɻ
˵ֻҪУ벻ڣʲôأ
˵꣬ýй֮䣬ŵһͷУһνˮˣصˮɼŲٵĽ㣬ڴǰһأǿ㣬˷ܸǸжˣ˴ţˣˣһйһԶᵹĵ񡣡
꣡꣡
񻶺Уһ仰Ͻ뿪ɣԵһǻġ֮ʰ׼뿪
ӿѾָƽĽ棬㲻ѣ΢յǸ̵ļһ
ѾصµĶħӵĵ񣬴˵ʦ㲻Ұɣʱֻίʦһ죬һὫĵⱱߴ
϶ħӵĵ񣬽࣬ľһһ˵˸飬ʦġǬûдҳɹˣɹˣ
һԼøǿģһڵʵһһɢУжǿ
˵һ֮󣬳˴Ǹߺĳɼ΢Цʵ꣬ҵյ𣿡
켴ҡҡͷԺ︡£ǳǸɽ
óһЩҩ֮֮ϥŸղŵսܽž飬ţԪˣһŽһŵ̷¸֮ػһԡ
һɽϣ˾һڵɱ¾֮£ƽ˵ţӴԺϷҪ˭ҷһڡ
˵꣬һ֣״ε˵ˣʦ棬ˡ
ʲôˣ
ƷƷ
˾ƴ󾪣һΣ˳ȥϢ䣬רŴΪϵƴͦһǰ˸ƣտҲ

һŭһɽص


611 ͻƣɱɽ
˾ƴӰ߳ʱ׳־άʲôһڶĴľ棬ƵγɣǰһڿΪ֮ΪĳĿġ
ڣ˾Ʋٽ־άȥҪⱱֻһƣǾǴһڵֻһǾһڵ
ΪŴˣ˴ִежһвɣһ뷴Сݡ
ϵãǰһ˲䶼Ÿּڰ˴ʵѪɱ¾֮γɣһ˲䣬˴ʵƾѿˣͱˣ˴ʾͱնɱˡ
˭˭˭һУ˾˺غţ飬Ϸݺݵز飬˭һУϷҪ壡
˾ǳ׵طŭˣǰʣټǰɱʣѾʮˣĶʮˣȥ֮⣬ʣʡ
Ľ˾ôܽܵ¡
˾Ʋ²նɱʵģӦһʷɱû뵽ǳһ˺ɨնɱǣ
ʱҲϹܿټҴҸϻɵҷ磬·ϱסˣˣǷնɱƣھŷһۡ
ҷһڷΣɫҴңҪһЩ⣬ҷȻʶһۣȷ϶Է϶һڵĵ֮˷нڣҵļƻ϶ܹɹһʧˣڶн۵ɱΪǸªϸһأɾûܹˡ
ôһ֮ҷۣ˵ļƻһϲٶȣϹլȥ
ףһܣһϽ˿Ԫˣȫ¶ˮɵڽ
ִֵͨġȭֻͨСȴġߡһ
ʱΪֹȫ£ʮ
ûн˿Ԫ˵ԪĴʣµԪ֮򱻳ӣ
ڳϽһսľ͸˿Ԫ˵İԪ󣬵ַ˱仯ϾɽͻƵڶǵͻƵһΪϢֿʼ仯ӳн߽ͻƣٶѾϰԥûֱöָԪʯȫû쳣ĵҩҲһԶ£ǸʵĴָһŲ֪ʲôħ޵ڵ
һкԪĶ󣬳ͻƸ߽
Ҳڴͣסˣ۳ԪôҲǵˣȻַּܶһ죬Ȼͻƣͣ
ȻûͻƵʾ磬ǣϵľҲȶڶľϣ
Լ壬ͷųԪΪԪҲþö࣬ͺƷһӵش⣬ڵϢŨ


оһУǲ㹴ճЦݣЩɻ󣬳Ϻ״̬һߣΪȼǲһģ֮ʱûиоʲôн׸߽֣֮֮ǰľҲûУ⻹һظоžı仯ˣҲ˲һ
˲඼һҪܳʱ䣬굽ʮ겻ֹģ̶̵ʱ֮ڣؾʹӳ˶
ɵʱҲǴӴʦн佫ҩǿģͳϵȫܱȣ֮⣬ϻû˵ͬӡ
ҵΪֲ㣬ӦֲŶԣ
ţȻûȷһһƴɱϻĥһЩܲʾߣܹأʱͲʱѾʩչˡ
˵ΧҲǹúܣʱĳϣоŰף
Щʣһʱ䶼ûд𰸣벻͸֮£ϱ㽫Щʷ˼ʩչаٱĻܹģ۵Ϊҽʣܹģ⵽ǿߵΪΪӦܻס˰ɣرƴɱ֮УȻһųϢ㹻öһˣǿ߹Уһ㶵ʱ䣬Ѿˣ
뵽ָЦݣ켴аٱһʩչɢϢ߳ϣ֮׿ߡ
һվĿĵأɽ
뿪ʱһֱĵӣҲüһƮжȥؾǲȥоҲ֪ȥ㶪ҵġ
ߺĵϣһڵӣ̽ǿģȥ¥գҸʻ˶ûУߣһƬսģֻлߣ˻ʲôҲû¡
ͬʱԽı߾ϣһɣû죬ͽΧĴСɺɨɾһȻɱɱĹ֥ɺ棡
ɵ죬Ȼ˾ͽСİص˱ȴ˾ͽߣ˾ͽΪʦ壡
ʮȥˮУ꣬зɣҹϢٸ·ĳϣѾɽɽ£վɽ֮£һɻ֮Уζ˽ɺ죬Ǹյ˱ԵһëͷСӣʸǿƣڴָ֮С
ɽڣǾȴȻͬ
һˡ
صɣҪɱЩȾͬʦֵѪĹ֣ɵĲҪɵǹɵػ𣬿ܸܲշˣ֮⣬ϻȥ綴һرǳԨȻûǸúүүɵԵġν硱
ڳϵִɽɽ֮ʱһ׷ɱϵۣѶϢһ̽üͷһ˼֮ɽķȥ
ҷۣҲִϹլ
ңԶĴªСԺУһ˿Żţ϶뿪Ѿˣ죬ʮգɻǵã
ɽϣЩɷǵߣɽ֮ϣΪһۣһԲʣһ߽ʣ߽ʵģһصıóۺָһȴʱ֮ڣպý˴Բʾ硣
ʱʵûǸʲôƵϢ𣿡
ǰûУƾͺⱱʧһǴԲʾߣ˵Цܵ˲ᰡ
˵Ǻ¶иʱ䣬ȥǶŪ
Ǹ߽ӲӲ˵ҾͲǸоôɱɱҪɽľʮҲһɱ⡣
Խڣôɽ϶ͱŵƨˡ
ǣԽһСָͷܽˣ

ԽЦҲſЦЦУһӰͻسǰ˵˭˵Сָͷҵģ


612 Ǭһָ
ԽЦţͻը죬Ӱƾ֣˾һ˵˵Ϣؿǣ֪ʵԲ
Ͼ˹򶼲ףȴһǰ֣Խ۶û
ȻԵĲ˵ͻȻ٣һ仰˭˵Сָͷҵģƽûʲô壬ȴ˵˵ţܽһնɱţ
˵Ǿ仰ĸ߽ʣΨΨŵŵ֮󣬵վ˳ȵƣ㾹Ȼҵɽ
Цһȣɽһǿҵĵϣţ
߽ƵĴţʱ˵һĵٵÿҪ߻һԲʣҪǻһۣ͸̱ˣ
ĵ̣Ϊ˭߽ǿѹеĿ־壬Խһֱڹ۲ƣƺҪƵȻһɱ֮
ϾôֶûпԽۺһԲʣ˵ţҵĵϣػͷߵݣ
߽һ㶣Ŀ䵽Խ۵ϣԽ΢΢˵ͷ߽ЦСÿͷ㣡һ˿ͷǣǾһ
˸սϯ˵꣬ͿЦЦУп񱩴̶ɢܣѿը죬Խüͷ壬ȴֹסЦͷ۶סǸ߽ʡ
ӴǱģͷųɱĿ⣬߽ʵʱѣֹסĲ˵ɱ㣬ֻһСָ͹ˡ
߽һ㶣תǴЦЦ˵СϷ˵ܹһСָɱңֱǻ֮
ţ
ҪֻһСָɱϷϷ͸ʰ·磡
ƼЦ˵òʰ·磬ΪѾˣ
߽ɫһŭע⵽ԽһԳʵע⵽ϵϢֻϢϲ֮£û뵽ֻ뵽ǲڶǴսУСˣΪǺ߽ʸϽץס˵ƣ˵ģֻһСָ

ɷһԼȳ׷
ɱһֻϣòˣֶΡϵ˵
߽Ͻϣ۾ķȻ֮⣬ʱŨǿ˵ãϷһᣬףûʵʲô
һ£ּ߽䣬ʮâӳһԲ״Բ̱Եż̵ķֱϮϣţӳöɫӡ
󣬸߽˫סһֳִĽԾն𣬺ȵǿɣǾ޴󳤽УһХһʮɳɿƽǰĽâն
߽ʹЩֶΣֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ƺƥԽǴԲʣϳһ㻤֮⡣
˶ϬǸֶЩâ˲̵ɴ̽ǰ֮ʱȴҲֺ̲ԽüͷٶһƣһȦȦĹⲨڳǰɢʹýâ֮ңâɢ
ʱǾöɫӱըŵâתȦϸΧм䣬ɢһһǴԲʿһĻϲСӱϾ̫ᣬ̫дˣٸߣüѪҺԪܳ͵ľ綾ﻹ³ʦܵĶ֡
Ǹ߽ʿϲ㲻âΧҲ˷֣һ罭ӰСĽâնţСȥɡ
ʱ϶ˡ
Сָֻ˳ϢԪʹʮ֮У
СָڿգʱʮâȻ飬ѣһټ棬Щâûɢȥ˳壬ʱ߽ʽâ¡
ԽΪ˾綾ĳϣӳ֣ԲʣҲâϮ£ǻƾֻرԪʹɢˡ
˶ԳˡĶۣ
һ˲䣬ǵ۾ôɫ綾ĳϣûаʣǸСָȻǽâȥǾ޴âһХ㿪ʼŤգۼͱһ޴Ĳǣݷצɭץǲ֮Сָ
ϵСָѾ˲ǿС
Ȼ򣬾ھ޴Ҫҧ³ָʱǧâɵĲǣʼɢɢڵأͷҲֻʣ°ߣָǰǱƬƬɢ
Խ˴㶣벻׳˾綾Ϊʲôôǿ
Ǹ߽ʵɫˣӴԪɽϽԪѾһкǿɡһ似ǲǣǽâȫʵʣǣסһСָͷ߽ʴҲţǣɣ
ڸ߽ʵĺ֮УԽԽǲҲûɵ˳ϣΪڳϵָ֮£ȻȫѣâɢˣˣϵСִָǾ޴󳤽ǺǾ޴󳤽Ҳʼɢ
һĻԽʵüͷ˲ֶƣ
߽ȴˣӿǰ֮⣬ӣȴԼѱ߿ߴȵԽۣңȡҡ
һ̣޴󳤽ѾȫѣСָ߽ʵĶͷȥ
Խûжֻǽųϡ
߽ٶȺܿ죬ʩչߡ֮£ٶȸ죬Ҫϵ˲䣬ϿвףǬһָ
һ£Ǭһָָϸ߽ʵüС
ʱ߽ʵ壬֮ǰЩâǲǣǾ޽һ㣬Ȼɢˣɢٶȣ֮ǰٱ
ѪⱬѡɢƤһ㣡
ԲʻĥҪҪ֮ʱѾȡǸ߽ʵԪˣعԽˣԽ۵üͷһСɽԲȻʵȥĸ߽ʣûн֮ǰֻԸһԲ֮ȻҲܺɵ³ʦܣǣɣһָһָͽǸ߽ʸɽ
ǬһָȻ鴫
ԽۿˣȴЦ̾˵·³ո߽ʵûʲôϵһԲʣȴЩˬԹԽûгȣȵĻ³ʦܾˣţϿûаʾϾĲԼԼСҪۿɲܵġ
ҲЦŻصҲ볢һָ
ȴ֪ΪʩչָԽۿϵΪɻѣϻǵ˵һԣ֪ʩչָ
ԽЦѾ˾㲻оļήԪҲԽԽ𣿡
Խ˵ɫһ䣬һ֮ɫǴ䣬˵öñɣ
Լ̫˶ѣ˵ɱ㣬Ͳҳ֡ԽЦţԴԲ˵ȥСӡ


613 һɱ
Խ۽ȥ˳ϣųǷߺ޵ı飬ʹӣϵȷâϰµģǰնɱ³ʦܵʱаж¾Խǻˡ
ֲòϳ֣ΪԽ۽ֵģҪǸҲ֣֪㽫ƽԺӿ϶ҲܣټҲΪԼѾǴԲʵΪˣСƴɱȻһƴù˲ͱɱ˰ɡ
֮£۾âֱųϣǡôһ˲ζһԪӿ糱ɱϡ
ȻԲʣȴûɱȥǼƻףϹۣɫȦȫ£Χ
Լر֮ȴȻ⺷Ĺֻ̽նһɫâ˫Ϭ𳤽صʽնſɫĽâնɢϺҲһӿȴó˻ȥû³
ϵһ˿˿仯֮۵ףЩų˶
ˣûðһѷɽɽֱȡϵҪٽӭһ֣ȴûоٵһ㣬ǻûĳɫҲԽԽС
ϲȴǸɽϮܹȴôҲܲǷɽݺݴڳϣɽǴһɾ޴ܣϵ壬֮£ȥ
ϵ۾ӿǲ֮ɫƴҪͣ£ɾͣһУԥڷɣпסһɫӡֱӡȥ
ţѪǲװģأԲ˶ߡûпԽ۵۾һ⡣
ɫӡǧ⣬ӡײֻħޣ
ϱɫâΧ۾ˣֵ˫֮ǰӸڲУŤѣڳ޾ʹһ
ɱһ
һŭҪӡڿգӡڴ÷
ôʱûľ޻֮㣬Խоɻ󣬾ڽɫӡͷа֮ʱ
ǵס۾֣ȻһתһʽˮУɫӡסһơɫӡҲ䣬ȭˡܡ
ʱȻٶ֮죬֮Խʵɻ֮ɫȫâһ͵ɱϺ档
ԽθնһɲǣѾķпסĽɫӡģڳУû˿飬ϱ㽫ֱԽۡ
ƿգԽͫһϽ֣Ը
ɫ䣬Ȼ˫ȴѪ죬õв֮£ԲʵΪȫǽڵǱܣҲȫȼգţţӳеķвͣغš
ǣһֶΣûܵסϵġȭȭͷڱըдûɢø󣬲ǻҵҲϵȭͷ£
ǧ֮һϢʱ֮󣬳ϵȭͷĵﲿ֣ӻûбʱĵǹǿľʼ
¶ɫ֮ɫҪԱ֮ʱϵȭͷ͸ƻף͸ӣԪս˴ָһɱ
켴һϢʱҲ飬ʩչо̤̤Խۡ
̺֮ǲͣԽ۱ϾۣΪʵԽ֮䣬ǽĹֵؿȴһģȻӵòףԽ۵۾ȴڷ̰ľ⣬ѾĲҪУ˳ϵķ
ڴʱ˲Ѿ̤˾̤̤֮£ռƺѹԽ۸о˷һεѹҪһ̲⽴
ԽһݣţСӹȻӡ켴ȫľɫâҫгһȣͷһģȴһͷߣԽۻͷڤȣܣ˲Ӱ
ѿը죬о̤ܼѹʱƣѾʩչߡСָǬһֱָԽָȥ
ߣһԸۣ㻹Զˡ
Խ˵ţͷڤ߷ϣգ֮䣬ͷڤȵȼ⣬Сָײһ𣬺¡һ죬ȥѪԽ۳֮һؿһģǿѹӿڵҪƹϣȴɵ˳ϣֱץ
ʱ򣬳ϻڵˣԽ۵ٶȣֺܿ죬ţ϶ܽӶ֣ǣϵٶȸ죬ߡɱ˴ֶ֮ٶȸһ㣬ǰļʩչ϶ûоȫһأϽߡ߶£μһƿջȥԽ۾Ҫץס֮ʱһأٴλص˳
ʼѹȴЦݣ֮ɫԽۣԽ۱Ϊֵȴû뵽ֱ˻ȥȻǲˬоϷˣ
ʱϴ顱һ
ȴʬ壬ɽ֮ϣûԪӵӣˤ˸飬Խ۵ɫΪѿ֮ǰɽеĵطûһ˿ڣٿϵɫ״̬Ϣˣʲôжı֡
յСӣȻûжȻϷ
ҿûգɽҵУûնɱһϷӦøмҲŶԣ𣿡Ц˵֮ǰǰֹȻǴ˽ɱ˼ΪԽ۵ƴɱ
˵ڶǣѾнƴɱʱϸڣ֪ϸ϶Σʱ̾˵һ㲻ĵƴɱ
һΣǳһ֮۾ǿƴɱ֪ΣȴҪԤȲһЩȶأǸ߽ʣѾǴԲʾ
ڳ۷״̬£Ȼǲ˷һԽƴƴܾ˵Ļ˶ɾΣˡ
ԣȽ˳ȥ
˵ŵʱ˫˫ʼһһӿ롣
Խ˵粻ȷȥУٿܲܳʲô©ûҪȥϾЩ
Խûϵݵǰزôǿһ˲Ͼһ˲ʱ䣬նɱ
ˣԽҲûкڣ֯ռϣΪѾ˳ϵеƣν֪֪ˣս
ԣԽۿŭЦ˵ƣ㻹ʹóֶ𣿺ǺǺǡ


614 һǧΪ
ƣ㻹ʹóֶ𣿡
ЦŻصȻеġ
Խﺮһߵ
һֶΣɱ˵ֶΣ˵Ժڶǵʱѩʦʩչо̤ͬҲǾ̤Ǿ̤ȴн۵һ涼ܲˣղʩչľ̤Խ۾ЩܣЩŰˣΪĲԪƷ׵Ĳࣿ
Խ˵ɱ˵ֶΣһ㶣ЦΪԼɱ߽ʣɱԲʣɱ𣿡
Եػصɱ߽ʣɱԲʣȻɱۣ
ʣűʵ𣡿ɲһ̨׶ѣһأȫһԽ΢Ц˵ǿлѪζǿţ˼ˣΪһڴԼľأ
ҲЦأ۾ͲľͲԪ㲻ֻһԴһ㣬š϶Խͷڤȣ˵ͷ
⣬ԽɫһӾͱˣΪ˵Խʺݺ˵Сӿ涾ϷɱֶΣ
󼸸Խҧ˵ģո˵꣬ԽʵȻ٣ΧųתһȦתȦͬʱԽʩչȼͷڤӰ
ЩӰֻӰӶѣſֲܣ
Խ۽һȦת꣬꣬ǳϾͱӰذΧˡ
֮⣬ΪԽʩչ似ҷնЩ¶Ц⣬˼һҲᣡ
˵꣬ʩչҷնڶʽ˲̳һ˽ʱƳһСӰԽɫһ鶯⡭ôϷ似Щơ
ҡҡͷԽ۵ĻҡͷǶеȻ֮егϢдȵȣǿֲں̶ܴˡҷնڶʽմ조ҷնڶʽֱС׵ȫͬն
ʩչҷնڶʽʱȴ뵽ؽؽ֣Ӧûһɡţ˵ƷױؽߣɱϾǶ̱
Խʿųϣ粻ҿ϶Լʩչ似⴫ȥƵõټԽΪ˵Ϊţѵ˵ղ͵ѧģ
뷨ԽҲͬѧģ˴죬Խ뵽ԺһĪСӴǰͻˣǸ˭ѧģ
ԽȵСӣ似Ǹ˭ѧģ
Լġϵ˵ԽǲţȻţҲܴ˸似Խʲ֪ǣǺ͡硱ģһʵΪ֮ʱ
似Ҳܳϡ֣
ϺܲΪȻԽɫһѿ㣬ôģƾһ˽ԶԶȻӲӰħȦȽץסٺúÿ㡣
ŶǾٶһˡ
˵ţһʽ̳ٶལӰƵķΧԽȣ˵⻹ǲ䣬ʩչһʮ
Խ۵ľȸ
ʵ𣿡
Խ۳ĬȻֶΣûлУȴî˾ʩչӰһа˰ٶȣȳ϶
ӰУ翪ʼХǵ֮ƣŨɱϸΧԽԽƴӦԲãȥĻֻʧӰ֮УȺ
ɫ䣬ҷնڶʽɽ綴ʼһնֻһ˽ڱ׵ı֮УΪնԪɱǧնһҷնڶʽҲһʮٺȻûпȥҷնڶʽǣڼ֮ʱҲҷնڶʽңǻֻΪǶվڸߵĵطʩչȻ
۹âһȣԽ۽ţͷڤø죬ȴţٽ߰ٽŰٽŰپʮŽ
ŰپʮŽն£ӰնһƬնԽˣ𾪵ĲǳϾȻն˾ŰپʮŽÿһ̺ܣ֮Ԫٴɱ֮ƷѾ൱ظߣͷųܣ൱شΪƵͷųܣȻ࿹ҪȻһնŰپʮҲƲҵӰ
Խ۲ǰĻ棬֮Ԫ߷£ƴʩչţţҲԪͷųܣ࿹⣬ȴǶۺһģѹԪ߾ŰپʮŽնͬʱԺﻹһʣֻնŰپʮŽ𣿡
֮һʣǳնŰپʮŽҪնһǧ֮ʱȴ֪ΪΣͻأأֹˣһϢĹͻһ
۳ôննһǧնھŰپʮŽ󣬾һĪأ
Ϊλˣնһǧʲôӣ
ţնþ͸ˣӰҲԽԽ٣ԽߣӰħȦǴɱ֮һ˭ҪǱӰħȦȦУյĽ֣Ǳȴ
ڣԽۺܵ似ȴһΪͺܶ࣬ճõСθģܲʩչٶȲࣻȻһ似ϣԽԣûлУԴľԪ˵ţԪͷųܲϷͲԪҲܺϷȣϷҪ۵Ԫݽߵһ̣
ţԽ۱ʩչӰħȦ߷ȡԪԼԪԪ̡
۴ȡԪٶȹȻܿ죬ݣͬǧˮʱҨˮһβһưǧưӽһư
ɽϵԪŨλãɽۣԪŨȣ͸˵ˣԽôһȡеԪͷӿرеľԪӿø졣
Ͽ⣬ͷһת֮£Խ۴̣ʱЦˡ
ԽۿϵЦݣʮİգͻؼɣԽ۲Ǻھֻ֪Ԫȴ֪Ѿ֪Ч
ȻԪбϣϲûʹ˰֣ЦҾһȣ˭ȡԪ࣡
ƾ㣬Ϊ۾𣿡Խ֮Ц˵Բ
Ϊ𣿡һЦ˭˵Ϊ֮Ҿ㣿
ǵȻΪԽߣҶԽ࣬䵽ľԽ࡭ԽԵõ˵ţȴǻһ飬ԼҲΪ壿壿Ϊ
ϷţҲûп£Уƾ֣


615 Һ
Ϊ
ţѾתɣɢȥƸŹһеԪ֮ڣǽľˮǻ𣬻
ԽȻظо۾ﾪȴûжĵģΪϴʱȡԪٶȣ̫죬ֻЩȳܹԪ
ǣʱƣǸԽԽӿϵԪǾֻǵˣΪ֮ɫ
ʱԽۣ𾪵˼£Ϊ֣ӿԪҲϸ˹ȥѾõʮֹԪٵÿ
Ϊʲô
Խţôᷢ¶ȴ׵ôƵļƻȫƲľƷչȥƵԪľǼпԪݽߣή
УԽͷڤȣһͣһ֮УϽҷնڶʽʩչһԭŰپʮŽԽ۵ӰħȦ
ӰħȦһ˲䣬ûн˿ɣ̤ߡ֮ǰԽųȥΧԽתÿһʽǾŰپʮӰԽ۸Χס
ԽʩչӰħȦ֮֮ȴʩչ˽ӰɱȦ
ϲǵʩչҷնڶʽնԪɱ֮չŰ
ʱԽ۸оԼԪЩתӰɢŨɱԽüͷŨīжԳϾýӰΧƺӰѾ𾪣ȻȵƣֶΣϷ򿴣
Խ˵⻰ʱͷڤߵһͷͻһ¡
ͬʱѾӳʱ̺ŵɱ֮ǰɳܣֲʮڻڽӰ֮УϢشԽۡ
ӳ֮󣬳ûϹۣͷųƺƵĳϢԪϢԪ۳һ״ֱԽۣϢԪ֮𣬻ɺסס켫Ԫһ𣬻г¶ںϳɵ𣬴Խ۵·Խ۵ϷȴˮȪˮڳӴԪ֧֮£һѰѾ޴ıÿһѱԽۡ
һУȴǳӦս˴ʱѧģ
֮󣬳ϳֿȭʩչߡɱȥʮ˲ǡһơȭǬһָרþҲ
ɱֱԽһЩĿ࣬һС㣡һ֮£ͷڤߵǿͷͻȻ³˽ââƳӰȥնԪɱҪնɳϢԪ۶ɵͷϵľ޴ǽµûȥܣѾҫһɫۣȻһΪķ
Խ۵ע֮ϣȻϢҲûɢֲƣԽۻظоˡ
Щâøգ֮䣬ͽЩӰնһɶնԪɱƣԽ۵ʱоʹԪٴεӦͷڤ۳ƺľԪʼʩͣնҪ֮ǰն䡣
Ȼһأ𵽵ЧȴԣԽ۾һУԪնǽȻնϢԪ۳ɵǰĽ⣬Ҳϰ
ն֮£δơ
Խһߣǿͷââ֮ǰĽâǿ٣һڳϢϣǳϢԪ㱻նûɢ˲䣬ơ
ɣƣϢԪȴδ
Ǳ俪ĳϢԪûĴҷɽ类һ㣬Խ۵Χ
ʱϮԽкһͷڤмǿͷ͵³ǧҺ飬ЩҺ飬ÿһҺһɲǣȻըǱըܺƥһ衣
ˣǰûȫͣ
ϿЩҺ飬Ҳ¶Ϭ֮⣬ЩҺ鱬ը󣬲δһ״ʧǻ۳ϸͨͨģϸҿ϶ͨϸԲʲôˮԵ壬ЩԵϢֻҺ̬ʽš
ϵġߡδһ֣ڼǰֻ˲١
Խۿҵıը֮£͸ϲϲ֮ʱϽüһؼ٣ɫȦ֮ϣԽ˲䷴Ӧ˿ţ־ҪסռΪС
ʱһȣ
ųһȣǳϢԪȻԽ۵ʱоһɾ޴ѹжץס˫ţ泶һ㡣
Խɫһ䣬Ԫ֣ȴ½ףڼ½ЩʲôЧԽţɫȦ֮ϡ
̺֮ʧ٣ϬˣɫȦһ㣬ֱѹȥԽ۵ӣԽԽ
Խ۴һľԪ֮ⱬԪƣڣֹס䣬ǹɾѹ֮Уȴǻ֮ȥ״̬£Խ۳кЩ˳
ס֮Խ۸ϽӦķȦôĻıͻްҧ
Խ۸տʼЩͱûôϣǣڸղţоǿܣһļ֮УС˶Ԫ
ͷδ꣬ɱ
о̤˲̤̤Խзǡ֮£ȴܺܺӦԣ˾̤֮Ѫ
ţϡһơӡ֮ĳɫȦһҡ㱻ƣȻԽ۸ֵѪѾεؿϣһߣ̽ӣ֮࣡
С㾹Ȼң
Ҳ㣬ֻɱ㣡˵ţȭִڳϴȭʱԽͷڤһתԭסЩҺ壬ͷȥ
ͬʱԽۿŷٶȱĹҺ壬ٿ磬ûһ谭֮еĳϣﻹţӦñ鲼Ƭôѹƣ
Խ۵Ȼ֪ڱ׵ľڹż岼õġ̽УͻƣҲǳԸûѧβ̽󡱣ʩչеĽ֮ϷûС̽󡱣ǳϢԪҲЧǺ˲ٴΣܽϢԪӵǰ㡣
Ͻڱ׵֮ܵѹΪһڡ̽󡱵ѹΪҲжļ
Խ벻սУûȥӲǹɢŽϢҺ壬ֻߡʩչƹǹҺ壬һʽȭݺݵشɫȦ֮ϡ
ɫȦɫȭȭ£ҲһСȭ
ǹҺ壬ͻر俪
ͷڤұǿͷһ


616 Һ
ɢŽϢĹҺ壬Ȼըը΢ϸޱȣ
΢ϸޱȣؽͣǽ͵ԺԲƵĵزˣĻѾû̫ãٶ͵ؼӿ죬ϡ
ͬһ˲䣬ҫʷȦȭ͡ȭͬʱ£
ɫȦˮһȦȻ
͵һ̣Խ۵Ǽɫϣһʱûд̵ýȥԽ¶ЦҲǱޱȣұǵͷɫζĶֻſ
ⶫһʷȦͽʷȦˣ⣬ԽЦŨϷⶫƳȦһ࣬Ǵδʧֹ
ʷȦһƣЩҺ壬ڳϣëףЩҺӿ͸ȥ
ΪϵǿýЩҺҲûиѳϵӣûнʴϵӣ
ǣЩҺҲûɢǱǱڳϵĸطһһǾдƵģԸһ𣬺ôһ̲Һ壬״ڳϣѰҳϵı֮㡣

Խۿ״д󺧣˵ӾǿĵزϷͲţҺ첻һ˺
һ꣬ͨҺ壬տ˵ˮһ㣬ӿǽһͬʱ¶˲ߣڷƵģƫƫûиоһ˿˿ĻԪϢеֻԽԽŨĽԪϢȻǻڷգ¶ȣȴȻջҪ̣
ʱ¶ȣϻܼסϾӣľǧֻǣ¶Ȼڼϲ֪Һļֵ֪ܼܲ
֪ܾʹԴУԽ۵ͷڤѾʩչǧӰںƴԪ֮»۳һͷڤߣϣɫȻһڿշԾһ̤صͷڤϣֻŵ̺ʮ岨
ʱͷڤߵͷóϸȶϿ
ɼˣͷڤߵڲϣͷһײϡ
ϴӴָȡޱȵһӱֱֱӲޱȣϽʹ˲ʩչѵءҷն絶ննԪɱȵȵȵȣֱЩӰͷնɢ
Խۿ⣬һ£
ʱֳһββٶ죬ڳϺ󱳺ݺݵײһ¡
һײ͸оƱǧٸȸȴһÿһȵܣǲ˲ǳϷǳҲһҡΣѪӿ
ҡ֮Уϸղʩչ似ȫΪһ壬һʽڼֱϮԽۣԽľͷڤȽӲȥʩչһд󼼡
飡
д似ײȻһըڼ֮治СԽӿٰζ˱仯·һѵڷָѪͷһ㣬ͬʱбնĸоʧ
쳣ӦֱԽ۴ΪĻţϽ൲ȴûãеѾͷڤϣһ㣬Խ۵ֱ۲ȥ
Խ۶ȣϵٷתץס˲ʮ룬ֱ̽Խ۵ӣһѪ
켴Խ۸ϽԪۣס룬ͬʱҪˣڡ֮£˺ٶȴﲻЧͷڤȱϲסҲ鲻
Խ۾ŸûᱻһСƵ˾أѾܸ߹ͷƣȴû뵽һƴɱĸ߹Ȼǵ͹ķΧ֮ڡ
ҺϷ
Խͻһȣͷڤȵͷȫɢ⣬âһɱȥЩҺҲըϡ
۳ʷȦȴڵͷ֮£һͱ
ϵĸҺڵøˣЩըҺ飬ҲϻۣͨߣԽԽڳϿٵţһϣһ£˸׽
ңϷڵѪҺҲʼڣսȼյ÷ڣΪǸҺڣϷ״һɢץסˡ
ԽҪʤ׷£ûпӣóһȣˮУ
£ǸղһֱûжͱȻˣ£תתƺ֮ͷϵıûлҺתǾԱ״תţΪ졣
ϱ˳תµתתУ߾ԽԽ
Խ۸ղռϷ磬ˮ֮£ɢһգˮУһƬ򣬵ϲѪҺѾڵĵزԴԴϵĳϢԪʩչš
ʱˮУˮ룬ټϳΪǰܹ࣬ڡ֮£Խ֮һ
ǣסʱҲһ޶ȡ
Ͽ⻭棬ȴ뵽ǻ磬Խģúóһǣֻ磬ֻҲܴһЩҪܹ磬˵ԪڤӿһҵһӣͲٿˡ
ͷֻһϽʹסԽۣ߽עǡҺϣҺסһ۳ԪʹգˮͣնȵһЩֶΣã
˲佫ն飬ɸҺ˲ںһˮ壬ɢֺϣˮ֮Уμú׵ı֮ǽסû٣ǸҺǷڵҲڱֻۣۻٶȱȽ
ˮСסԽۿһĻЦ˵С㲻Ǻ𣿲֪ڵѪ۵һɶ֮㻹ܲô廹ܲôǿסҺ
ûлشԽۣĴζĸҺĥŽ취ŶţϵԺУͻظһ棬ǻڰ׼Ҵ壬Ǹÿдũʱ㽫ۻۻҺϵߣģһʲô

뵽ˣҲɴһҺѵۻĸ𲻳ɣøԵȻӵˮԣˮ
ԣЩҺۻĸԵʧȥѪøҺˣʹΪڣ¶ȸߣ֮Խ󡭡
ţԽִȺСһ·ҪܹϷϷµӣϷһ죬ɣ
̧ͷȴʹŬһЦ


617 ҪΣɱ
Խ۱ʾҪнϡ
ֻҪϳӣһ·
ŬЦ˵ΪһƨҪ㣬㲻ûֶΣҲǻ˼ˣô뷨
ڵ㣬·ֻϷϷͽܣΪͽϷȥ֮󣬾ǸҺᴫ㣬ֶֺΪأ
Խ˵ţȴڰоȫҪƳϵˮУС
ԺбĥȥҺȴЦ˵ǶкܴͼıɣҪռ֮ĺھۡż壻ҪѪĺӧһҪʲôȡ֮֮
Щ˵ˣֻҪعһ͹Щ̰֮ˣˣǰԽۣ˵֪ΪʲôԪȻܳ
ϷܶʲôͼıЩʲôǡԽ仰ȻǿķǣԳʩչ似ǡڼǡһơֻǡȭȵȣۺ첻ѣҪһӲʩóϽЩ߸
˵֮Խۻһ䣺Ϸ˵Ϊͽѵ㲻סͽܡֵĺ壿
ԽòȻĻһֻǰޣȴҪαװСãЦãʸҵʦͽ𣿡
ЦݣȴɭķʣֱԽ۸ʵһ㶣켴һݣ˵Ϸ㣬־磬ʵΪף䣬֮ʹ˽Ϊһѿݹǣŷһ·ȴ㾹Ȼڤ粻飬ҶϷڳԡ
ֻ˵ʵѡϽ޵ش߷Һߣ֮ǸطѪԪҲȥҪǡҺ߸ס
ڵʵǣϷãȴҪϷĸҺ֮£䡣Խ⻰˵úţһЦ˵ΪҵˮУֻǽסѵûиоԪɢر𣿶壬Ҳرջ𣿡
ԽһԣϽһԣȻˣʹ·ۣԪɢٶȣˣ˿̣ԽܴؼȡԪֺ٣Ϊ󲿷Ԫ϶ȥ
ȻˣԽۻ˵ϷԪɢÿ죬϶ҲϷǰ棬һЩˮл𣿡Խ˵Ǹ
һбۣ˵ɱ㣬ĸҺ𣿡
仰Խ۲һ㶣ǡҺûĿƣκβ˳ϣһ֮ԽȴٴδЦ˵ӣѱܽϷɱˣǿЦЦ
ɱ㣬Ǻѣ
ϵ˵ԺѾһǰעһֱǷǡҺ֮ϣܽȥ뵽ҪҪһѣ֮ڣһֱû¶ģΪҺ֮ȷ̫ǿö̫һҺڵѪֱӸ˸ɸɾԴˣϵİղǺܴ󣬼ûУԣһֱԥţܲˮȴ̣Ρ
֮⣬ϻ뵽ҪҪһԪˣ𡰸ҺϸԸȥǡ𡱣Ͼ𡱣ϻ֮ܿһ
𡱣ת䡣
Խ۸ղһóһéٿ֮УȷɱԽۣҺ˿ƣʰǾͺõöˡ
ɱԽأ
Ͻʾ֭ţһеľһơȭǬһָо̤Щ似ʹùȻԽһȴܸ̫ص˺⻹ʵйϵѩʦʩչ⼸УԽòˡ
Щ似У
ţҡҡͷͬʱȻŰסǡҺߣȴǳ˺׺ˮ֮ԼѪҺ
˵һһμˡҺѪҺ֮
ϿˮУţǽˮбը˲ʩչУʹ䱬ըܹԽˣȴȻȱһ֮ɱҲǲС
һγ֣ǱɱԽ۶ȥɱ֮ǳϾͽûлᣬֻԽĥˣˣû֮£ϲóȻ֡
ֻǣʱȴЩȳϡ
Խ۴ЦţͷڤѾתâֱϿգתűâ֮ǽâȴƻű
ƣȻһϷȫ㣡Խʮŵ˵ƺѾ뵽ơ
ûᣬţɽŨԪϷӿ
˶ţɽȴֶˣ֮ǰ˯ģը洫Ƕŷȥ
ͷΪ̫ߣнȴʵЩ࣬߰ǧΪϣʱǺɱɽòϢɽ֮ϣԽ۵Ķ
ԽЦƣЩɱҪٲͶһͶĻᶼûˣ
ЩˣôҪҵ
ôҪˣϷס㣬㶯ãֻҪһܽ㡣Խսóϵ͸аˮж
ȻϻǵһЦ˵Щˣô
Խһ㶣ʲô˼
ΪЩܴһ߽ʵӳ𣿡Цţͽ֮ؾ֮·ϣֻҪЩ˸ҳΨһĽֻ֣
ͬʱңԶ֮أٿƣ̵ʱڣͱѿ𾪲ѣüͷţɽԲʧ
һ˼֮󣬵ٺ˺ģֵ˸ոǰٸϻɽҪ£˻׽͸ɱۡ
۵ȻǷǳߣۣ˸֮֮ȥҪŭ֮ʱϵ״ĵ٣ó׼õĶһ
֮£̣Ծٶȣٸɽ
һߣҷҵϹҵ棬һˣټ۵ΪǽֻжΪϹ棬ȻǸϽɨӭޱȡ
˽һңһʱ֮Ϲ˳Ϲ´ϢϹܿĸײأΣڵϦ˭ϹܿϢ˭ܽϢ֮ǽͻϹңϹҶضл
ܿģϢ´ȥЩƫƧ֮أ֮ҲϢ롭
ɽĳϣ֪Ϣ֪һۣڸɽǣȴһ˿Ц⣬Ϊ뵽һ취
һİ취


618 Ԫ
ɡҺ۳ɵͨߣҺڹ̷֮Уɢø˵֮ƺܽһ֮ˮҲɾˣ
ˮ뺮׵ı֮ոձѪǡҺٱֱѪҺ֮䣬ţ˲Ϣ֮䣬ΣֱΡ
ͨˮ¶ȶǸߵˣ˵ĸˣҺʲôĸ֮Һض
˼ڤŵĳϣֿһɱֶΣ뵽սʱʹǼɢ״Ȼϲǰ㣬Ѫȥι״
Ҫз
ǺάˮУ롰ҺŰԪ֮ʱǼ״ȡ˳۾аֳɣ˫ץס
ʱзȳһɺȻ
֮ŨԶԶ˳Ԥϣڶռոȥûõ˵ЩƺѾźüһ
ձͽ帯ʴһС顣
ڳ׼˳ֵסʴȥ
ҺߣȴѪζһڳϵ˫֮תƣɿι˲䵽˳˫ִҺҪһ΢С϶ȥͬʱҪзһ˵ļʽ
ȻѾۣ֮סһ΢Сķ϶Һ˹ȴôҲ겻ȥ״ķҲ鸡ڳ˫֮УҺҲûӣȻз˺С֮СֱԺԲơ
ȻûץסԽԽرڳϵʮļѹѹ֮£εֳ״
зƺʶǲˣʼҵķţŷŭŰԹ
ˮ֮еԽۣųϸղ˵Ļ߽סЩˣԽ۵ʱ뵽Ǹ֮䣬ɫֱ䣬ĸ߽ʣ˳ɽǸ֮·;ʲô©֮㣬ɱ֮ԵޱȲ˵ʺȺսԽ࣬ԽԳɱ֮
治֪Сʲô취һڵʣķһɵӣרĻԽͷոе״ͻһʲôϷľ֮У
Խ۾ͿųеźԽԽŨԽԽ󡭡
зȻƴȫĿǣذΧ֮£һǺģֻóϽ̺ŵ
ϱţҲڲзﾹ˶ЩȫԶԶ˶ռ
зĹâѾȥûмΪѾˮۿסԽˣҺ֮ҲԽԽѪδȫ⣬áҺˣ׶Ĵ̹ǰľʹÿһ䡭
ϿʼƴѹƺƵؼӿѹźɫŨͬʱϻע⵽ǳӿеԪԺͻ룺һЩԪҲըʲôӦòСɣ
Խ۸оǱߴŨԽԽԥⱬͷڤ׳һ׳ǹȾͱһͷڤߣ֮ǰԪ۵ģȫһͷҧ񺿣âҺ¸ͣڱԽһȣСϷˣɣ
ʱϵ״һһ֮
۾һ⣬ɲʱЩΪ֮ˮ³һ䣺ˮУ
䣬˳ˮУɿؿѹԽۣԽվͷڤϣҪɳȥһ䣬ˮбըˡ
¡¡
ը쳹أɽҡһ˾Ƶҡڣˮбը룬ͬһ˲䴫ҺͷڤȻ˲ᡣ
Խ۵ģҲüΪǱӴˮбը˲ɫȦϮȫɫڣԽϲ֪Ҫը˺ۣˣԽҲըֱѪͷɢңɫҲЩ𡭡
˴󡣡
Խڸ̾ţûмʶƷϵǸˮУķŭȴը˼㣬۾Ѫ죬һҪ£пֶΣĥԽѾʹͷڤߣҳȥ뽫ϷҲСǿߣ
ȴûô࣬ںȳ֣ˮбըʱ޾Ԫڱըˮг˹ȥ֮Ѿѹߣ
ܵˮСײڳԪȻȶڴţʩչߡٶ죬˲ִﻹžž첻ѵ
ʱ˿̣Խ۸ҪȥıԵ
Ͻüб뷢նУתѹȭȴǺȻԡԪء似Ԫ˳ȥֱԽۡ
Ԫ֮ˣȥ
ԭֻоˣͻƵ֮ȻȻˣһĻóˡΪĹϵ
ûмȥȴǶԪ˳Խ۰Χֺ֮ȳˡ֣һԪըŭؾҡֱ֮У¡¡ıըڶֲܣ洫ӿ˷ط
ⱬըɲǰһƬ򣬶дȾ԰㣬ܣܵԪűը
ǵأգѽ٣
⾪ըУҲδǿ˲䱻ٴαըͬʱУȻʷȦԪıըҲó³ѪҲըƤ˺ѡ
û뵽ԪıըֲƺƷˮбըܣҪǿϼ֣ҪһһεĽֻ£ղž͸ըûˡ
ţȴʶƤ˺ѣ϶һʱ佫Ѫѷ촦ȻոնϣǡҺߣεѪѷ촦Ҫȥ
赲ȴóѣ
ȻˣȴáҺʱ䣬Ѫѷ촦ԽԽٶɢţҸѪ֮𵽵ЧҲԽԽ΢
һҪӿٶȣԽ۸
ţֻѪ֣ƴѹѾֻһߴС
һߣԽ˸أȴûϾԽǳۣȻûгǰǿӣΪߡ
ֻǣԽϵɫۣѾը鲼ˣԺԲ֮أͷڤߣϵ۸ըûһ룬¶Ѫ
ƣϷһ㲻úԽ۷ŭ֮


619 Ϊ֮
Խ۵ķŭֱɽ鱩ɽ죬ݣһűɫ˿ѾûһѪɫȥͺࣻװǳؤװϵ˿ڣһһصһѪϡͿ
ûܹ˵Խۣ˾ŭ֮𣬳۵ΪȫѹŨɱΧơ
ɱŴ̱ǵѪζ
ȴδţֻصֵǺȻͻȻٴġҺƴѹһ磬ѾԽԽԽ۲ͷڤ߳ɱǿͷǽâ£мͷҺɽڳϵġҺѾС߱ɴˡ
ұǿͷǲͣϵʷȦȻûãâԽ۵Ц£ŰϷη
ûӲǽâתΧǱҵҲתâУʹ䲻Գ˺
ûõģ
Խ۹һľԪۿɼľԪΧԽ۵һƣԽǽָ߬һţƾֳһ硣
ֻһϢ䣬ӭΪһô֦Ҷọ̵̈̄ͨôۣҶɳɳɳͣУɣߣһڼš
Ͽĳ֣ȻȴûֹͣѹԺﻹţľԪ˵ͬҲЩƣ
ƣ֪һʲô𣿡
ԽɫԽӲ԰ףȻʩչһľԪϿѾɵͷľ۾ﾫȴ𻰣ԽȴЦ˵ϷΪΪ֮
üëһ
֪Ϊ֮һʲôĴ𣿡Խ۲ȳκαʾ˵Ϸͻ֪ġ˵ֻ꣬Խһָ죬Ϊ֮ͻؽɴ֮⣬֣ңԭӿϵɽԪҲֳһΪ֮ӿȥ
ɴ֮һϱһɼΪ֮УΪǡΪ֮ӿȥͺԪһΪǸ̵ġΪ֮ˡ
ԽۿЦʲôΪ֮ϷҪΪݽߣûһΪ㻹ܽϷԽ۸оԼռϷ磬һж֮УԽҲûͷڤֹͣ
ϵӣѾڲáҺ֮òѪԽԽɢþԽԽ죻תӣҲԽԽУҲ챻âƳǶΪıˣԸо˵ΪѾ½ıԵͿҪƶ
ͬʱеҲҺת䡣
ʵΪ֮𣿡
ĶҪ棡Խۺ԰˵ϵءŶһֻҪģǾͺá
ʲôã
ġΪ֮ûʲôӣ϶Խۣͻأأ˵һ䣬Խüͷһ壬ʲô
ϲԪڤ٣ԪڤֱǧɣסΪ֮ҲһǧɫԪڤڴɫΪ֮ϣرۣ
ԽۿԪڤ٣ɫҲһ䣬۾ɻɻ֮Уһָͷڤ߱ŽâҺ飬ײ˹
ҺΣΣ۾ﱩ⣬ǳ˸ʱڵʮתͨԪڤٴΪ֮ϡ
Ǽ䣬Ϊ֮罭֮ˮҰرԪڤ֮ϣӿϵڣһڣ˷ܵһ¡
ʱףΪܹ֮Ԫڤһν
Ϊ֮ձɣΪ֮һҡ֦ҰڣҶǺҷתγҲɳɳɳе֥ɺǰġС̶ұ̶Ů˿Ƶġ
Խ۵ɫѿȵƣ㵽ʲô
ϲ𻰣ֻմӡΪ֮Һ̾Ѫ϶ӿȥתŵӣ̧ҽţ
ͷڤɱڵسײҪϴײ֮ϣûײϣȴóʮҽɨУͷڤߵɻȥµĲǽâҺ飬Ŵ̱ζѪ
ϲΪͷڤ߷ɶϲȴǡҺȻáΪ֮ضסˣ˵ûȫǡҺ֮󽵵ˣ͵ܹܵĵز
˼ν֮ܣ֮ìһסԸһˡ߶һ䣬ӿԪڤ٣ֱΪ֮
Ϊ֮Ǵر̶Ϊ֮ѾСԽɫѿϣţСӣŹֶΣϷ򻹶࣬Ϊ֮Ҳа취ֿ
ȴ˵ƣĸϷܶྪϲϷġΪֻ֮ôһҲ̫СϷˡ
ֻǵȻЦţٰ仯ֻ⣬ȽˣֻǾлˮ£
Ҷ䣡
Խ³ֵͬʱָһΪ֮ĴҶƬоƬȴƽҶǰƮȻ䣬ʯӶ׹ذ㣬ȻѸ䡣
һ飬ǾƬҶӣ۾ôоƬҶ̺ĪܣԥأһҧΧתŵŽâб˳ȥȳһ
䡭
ըըԪΪңǰԪըδȫƽϢһըǻϽͰ㣬ӱˣֻ׸ߵɽۣѿˣꡱҪȥ
ɽУǧضɽҡըľѣͷ֮˴ţ죬ҿ㣬óȫͷ֮˵껰һͷȴһվǰסǵǰ֮·
ʲôˣģϽͷ֮ŵغ֪ǰģһ߽ʣϢ֮ͳ˵˵ɱǣԣ
ɱǾԣ
ͷ֮ɵˣ㲻ô¶֮Ѿɱɢָ䣬Ϊͷ֮ˣͻҷҽжû
ˣɵˣˣӢ֮˴ţţɱ֮䣬֮ɵɵЦˣɱȾǧ֮УžžžѪڿա
˲䣬Щ˾ͱɱƵˣתӣɿд̧֮ͷһʱŸ飬ȴǱըϵ֮ɽۡ
ҽصɽּ䡣
ɽϣҲըÿǧףɫŨԽ˵ţֻǾƬҶӶѣϷʲôӣ


620 ΪҺγ
Ϊ֮жƬҶӣ
⣬ͬһжٸͷ
Ϊ֮ųСҶȴûм٣ȻдУïʢ绪֯ƬҶӱҶȫֻĳ棿
ֻ±ǰԪըӿֲ
ڱըһ̣ظоǱըĲҶΪ
֪⡮Ϊ֮˶˵ΪŽ״̬˵ţ֮ǰԽ˵һΪɹԽߣ֦ҶԽ࣬յ⣬ǳ㣡
ԽָͷڤߵԴųϣָٶһԲʱǡΪ֮ͷɵͷҶһ䣬ƬҶֱΧһȦȦм䡣
ƣɻɱֶΣ
ԽۿڳųϣʵϣĿ⣬ûкԹеǺɫŨܸоǶΣգóΪΣյĶ϶ܲ򵥣
ѾѹҺˣʣ°ҺΣѹѶԽԽ󣬳ʹѹţЩţΪˡҺ⣬òŶϣҪá
ϿϵġΪֿ֮˿ΧƬҶӣƬҶӱܣȻľļ¡
ǣ֮£ľкã
Ϊ֮ѾûϵΪԪڤٻΪϴҲûȥԸΪ֮ҪԽϣһĵûԽ۵ĿƣܺúôΪ֮ǡҺ
ôһн۵һ棬ֻܷӳһ빦ȻԽľԪܹ֮һǣԽ۽ǳۣȴɴһʮֹ
ǰΣվƣϴԣ
Խۿ򾲣ûһ˿ҵ飬һǡѵСӻֶξͻ˾棿
뵽ԽͻȻǧٸϸ˿̻ըһ㣬ʱͲƬҶ֮УɳĮˮһ㣬Ҷ
ƬҶӣС֮ɫ䵭
Խ۴󺧣ٶ룬Ͻһȣұ
ʱƬҶӣһȻըƾף಻
Ҷըһ˲䣬Ӽתӿ֣תУҪ䱬ըܼٵ͡
ԽųϵתӰһּеĿԺﻹһ棺ϵӣתתţͻһһͣͣžͱըķѡ
ֻǣֻֿã
ϲûвתø죬ЩҲ⣬Ϊеһ֣Ҳ˵ΪϵĹֶεһ֣ŵ֮ɫ뷨ûдЩҶȻΪδȴĴʧʹܣؼͬһ㣬ȻеҪҩ㣬ȴŸҩ㣬ĵҩʧȥԭеҩǻ˵ҩ
ϾҶҪڣȾͱû̸أ
ܣ
ԽۿȻƬҶӵıը֮ǰľƬҶӣ
Ҷ䣡
Խ۲аָ͵㣬ǡΪ̶֮ţҶҶƬֱ䣬ڳһƬֱܼҪУƣ
۾һݣ֪ǿԼʱˣϸ˿Ԫڤ٣һƬһƬҶӣͬʱȻڲͣش߷ԪڤٲڡΪ֮ϡ
ҺΣ֮һûɣ
ҶͣƮ䣬ϲͣش̣ͣеתкЩҶƬƫԭĹ켣ԽԽԽһҧȣľ
ɲǼ䣬ǧҶ֮Уһȭͷֵ֦ЯȻҶƬöˣң֦ĿǰԱȽƽľơ
û˿ԥʮԪڤٰǸ֦ϣͬʱԾ𣬴УšҺֱԽۡ
ҺΣͿҪ۶ɡ
Խۿͨ߰ĴڣҲǰ˼ò⣬ΪʲôҺ֮ˣɵ˺ȴǸСˣԽ۾ԴҲ뵽ԼæΪ֮ϵΣհٱֹ
Ȼĳ̶ֳ˵Ϊ֮ԶԶڡҺϾߵΪǾǿֲֶΣֻǣǡòõģпơΪ֮ķܹ
ϺȻɱ˹Խһȣƣ̫ˡ
ûɱ㣬Ϸأ
Ϸ༥Խɭ˵ը
һը֣Ǹ֦ը˵֦ٵ֦̺Ϊʵ̫࣬кüһԱ㡣
ȻӰ죬ӱըһǰ
˻棬Խ۴һϷΪǲ֮أ
ûᣬӲѪеܣԽҲϡľըϱըӷ
ԽЦˣϷ㣬ֶܼʱ䣡
˵ţ֦ڡľĺУԽԽܼˣ֦ϣҶƬ
һһķУҺڱѹɹ
һαȶǿҺλҪҺΣ֣ڵø͸⣬ջ֮Уϻǰǰ㣬ŵġΪ֮ҺθذٹԪ
һУԽ۵עɣԽΪˣǾʲô΢΢ϢСӣ̫ĹŹֶΡ
ڷŵĳϣչ˹ȪˮӿֱɱԽۣտʼҺ壬ͱɹ壬һֱ֮ӣԽûоţֻһնһƬҶڱǰը֮ըƬƬֻΪҺ壬ٹԽۡ
ԽۿףղƬҶıըܣԶԶó϶ֽŵҶö֣࣬һθԺȻ
ʱûѪɫףǲ԰׵ÿֲЩаֶΣ
ⲻǻһ𣿡
Խ۲ͣΪ֮ҶƬը赲ųһһĹǵѾУڴˣԽۺ֪Խв֮УԽԽǿҡ
ɽϼսѣһһɽҡıըɽ壬߶Ѿƽ߰˰ˣң𶯣ɽ¡
֮佫ȺҪ嵽ɽʩ֧ԮˣѾ˸ɸɾɽǳ˳֮⣬˴ڡ
ɽ֮Уһˣ÷ţǰרָӣʲôطڣǵϵķͣŹ⻪ͷ֮˸о𶯣̧ͷȥ˵Ѿؼʱǧɱʲô⡣
ɽϣԽ۶ԽԽĳϣʼۼͬʱݹ⣬ȵޱľ


621 ʽת
ڳϳϵ֮£ǡΪ֮ѾС˲٣ԽҲļһݣһʽޱľΪ֮ϵ֦ҶȫֻʣһˣëֱֱģҲͺͺġ
ͬʱԽ۵Ҳ۳ͷڤ֮״ֱϣ
·ӿ糱ˮ
ϷͲˣһأ㻹ѣ
ԽԺѾֳϱͷҴܣǲڡΪ֮ϣס֦ĺɫȫ˿һıը֮УȻѡ
Ȼʵȴ˲ֹʮǧͷڤȴûκ쳣ӦֻôһϢһϢ֮䣬ϻǧԪڤ٣֯ɴɡǣ֦ͬʱ䵲棬мԶ֮ࡣ
ЧôܣԽһ㶣и˲ַιȴȻûп˿Чʱ뵽Сӻзֹķ뵽Խ۵Ȼ˷ּǿߣȥ˵еķ֮⣬׷ȱֵܹķȴǺȱرֵܵסһķϷǷķԺƴɱ֮Уɾռ˴ıˡ
Խ۲֪ȫˣüΪס
ϸûʲôķֻ̫ǿȻѾŲĹЧǱΪͣԽ׻Ƶġ
䣡
Խǡޱľľѿ죬ըǺԪڤ٣ֱϮϣҪɢתڳǸУȻٽһ¡
ͣסŲȫֵޱľбԽۺͷڤߣǳûɱϣԽ֮Цޱȡ
ڳòƷԽҪɱ֮ʱȪˮһƮԽ۵ɫѾǰıը֮У˸ɾˣֻʩչľԪܣֵסǴˮ
ƣһУǰùˣǭ¿ˡԽ۴ų񣬳һЦмȥʩġޱľײһ
ʱըҡ
һ˲䣬Խһļ֮ǰһģһԽӷķлعҲϣعȪˮΡ
ϧԽۻǳôһ
ҺΣľԪϣľԪܶʱҺθһԽۿˣϵλҺΡ
ǣһҺηٽԽ۵һָϡ
ʱҺԽ۵ѪһɢԪһҺ֮еȻǸָȻ֮ûҰףŻɻ䣡
Խɫǧ꽩ʬеĿ־壬Ȼ㣻ȻԽ˵ֻǿʼҺɢֱֱۣ꣬꣬ŰȫһƬҲ̶õĻ棬ʻѪ⣬˼ʬ塭
ʵԽ۵ķӦܿ죬Ҳݡ
ڸоֱһ˲䣬Խ۾ͺԥ۳ԪһұۿԽȥһۣס
ȷʵܺãֻǣԽ۵ٶȻһ㣬ٶ̫죬Ȼ֮նȴ֮һܽڡ
оЩӿȥԽ۸ϽڵԪ뽫ȥ
ֻһн۶ܽ⣬ֻѹסԽ۾͸ˣľԪȷпã̫С̫ԽΪԪ㣬һ˲ҪǣԽҲѹƲסֻɢٶȡ
ŨѾһ֮䣬Խϱʾŭʱ䶼ҵ󣬴Ҵһŭ֮Ҫٻǹͺͺˡ
Ϊ֮ҪȴǱԪڤٲסúѣ
Խ۴ŭƣϷĲ㣡
ҲģҪңҵˣҵǿԾһϵ˵ԽۼóʮֹȥѹΪ֮ٶȣȻӿ졣
ôһ˵Խȣ룡
ȥȥɡ
˵̤꣬šߡɱǰԪڤȴǳšΪ֮ˣԪһУԽڵϵұۣ㵽˳ϣֲԽ۵ǸѪұۣɱԽۡ
Խۿֱ۵ŭһͻƼޣһ߶ȣȻԽ۴ŭȴ棬ֻǲͣؿˣȦΪܾ֮ģֻΪ֮ˡ
ͬʱͷڤȥסϡ
ͷڤߵͷſѪڣɢ̱ζŽâҺȣηسײϣ۾һݣɱͷ̫˷ˡ
䣬һʽǿ桰ȭ½âǿͷǿͷʱըñѿѪὦ֮УһŽɫӴܿն
ڿΪ֮ԽۿһĻ󾪣ҪǿŽ飬ô鷢ֺȻһץ֮£㽫ɫģӽָ
Խ۸ΪɥΪŭȴᣬڵɢٶѾӿ죬Խ˫ĳšΪ֮Ϊ֮⣬ʼ֮⣬Խӿȥ
ʱѾ˵ڶȭ֮£мǿͷҲ򱬣ͬһźɫӣ뻳УٿͷڤߣʣµһͷҲȫη֮⣬ˣӣԽ۵Ŀ֮£ȴҺˣ³ӣӵؿųϡ
Խţ֣ٸϷһϷѹסϷ򶨽ʬΣ
϶ѳ˶ͷڤߣһЦ
һЦ֮£ͷڤ߱㰧г裬˵֪ͷװʲôȻҵķȦһôҲû
˵꣬ûͷڤ߷ǷһӣԽұۣ㣬ԽۣԽɫ䣬ӣȴ벻ˡΪ֮
ұգۼͷɵԽ۵ͷڳϵġУұۺȻը˷ԽϮ˵£ֿʲôǿţǿͷ
ӳֱ۵ͬʱѾڤץȥڤߺˣڳϡߡϣڤ߸ܲſѪ߿ڣϸסһ
ûд򱬶ڤһͷȴһȣʮɳͷڤߣڿУȻ󣬵γޣԽۡ
Խ۲ǵɽˮĵز죬첻Ӧеأز飻ʲôûãΪһɱڽ
ڤߵ֮£ֱԽ۳ɽǧףԽӻûͣ£ϵڶֳԽŭȴ뵽ǰ˵Ҫū͵£ͷһ֣Խ۾͸ԼܴӦ۵⣬Ǹ֯˸оֲ̫
ϵֳ˵ţң


622 թ
͵һӿԽڣԽԽԽǽӽڱԵһȭܺ䱬ͷڤߵԴɱ㽫ʩչؼֱصͷڤߵ棬Ǽӿ˱Ľ̡
Ƕͷڤ߳ϣÿһΣԽϵѪ͸һ飬Ѹ磬ǺòԪҲɢȥʹɢٶȸ죡
Щֻܵʹĥ
˵Ǿ䡰ңԽ۵ܵʹĥ仰֮ǰ˵Щ˼֮࣬ǰΪ֮ǰֻҪƵͽܣȴҪūͣ
Խۺ޲ý̻ˣֻѾΪ֮ȴ޷ŭΪͻأԽ۵Ժһ⣬Ҫͷڤ߳ĳ˵ֻҪϷ򳼷㣬Ϸ
Ȼ
Խԣüͷ΢΢һȴû˵ʲôǴһžϲ˵֣ͷڤߵĳ糤һ㣬ֱգ
ҪϷЩʲôԽ۾âǳ˵ôһ䣬Цŵһ£׳ľѪ
Ѫ
Խһ㶣û뵽ϾȻôһ
ô𣿲ĻɾҪʴҲлĻᣡЦ˵Խһ飬üԥ˼֮ɫ
Ϣ䣬Խۿ׶Ӳ˵ãϷ㾫ѪҪӦϷֻҪϷ㾫Ѫ㲻Ϊ֮Ϸ򡭡
ȻҵˣҲǳԿġϼΪˬ˵ôһ仰ԽһȡһξѪ֣㡣
ӵǰ
ϵһԽһ鶯ȴһ԰µӣɱȾѪǰӵĶֻǿΪ̫أǵξѪֻԽӵ֮ĵط촽鶯ţȴûʲô˵˼óԼȡǵξѪ
״죬ЦһۣȻԸΪūͣ˵ţֻӿʮನ֣ץסͷڤߵԴ˺ȥ
Խ۾һ˿֮⣬ȴεüãȻ󣬵ųǰȡѪҪһϲԽۣͿųһַֻֿǶͷڤߣȴǱ˺ѳ룬ͷβŨѪڿգͬѪһ㣬ͷڤߵĲ˻ҲȻֹ
ȻǽԴɫӣӽָȴЩɻ󣬵ΪֹԽͷڤȻûͷڤߣɶѪ⣬ǻģһ˺ѿ⣬ûκߵ֮Ĵڡ
ˣһѪĳϣȻ̤Խ۵ǵξѪץȥ˲伴ҪѪץʱԽǱЩأЩɥף۾â
Ҳо˱仯ǵξѪȻըֻԽ֣֮ͻؽΪԴԴϵش˳ȥЩ㵣̧ͷȴԽ˵Ϸ˵űģϷġΪѣ㻹ΪϷΪ˻ūǳ롭
Ϊ
ɻţԽΪûһţԺֳڶǵһĻáһơһʱһ׷Χߴ̶֮Уǰⳡ棬ʮ
Խۻ˵ţƣϽϷȥҪȻ͵ΪϷɰɣ
⻰˵Խ۷ֳϸû˿̧ͷȥԽۿĲһȻףһЦԽֺƣûϷ˵𣿡
ȻҪңȴǰԱسϷΪɵ𣿡
ϵأʵ˵һ䣬Խȴһʱղ˵Щһ֮£Ѿ׳˵仰˼˵֪ղϷթ
˵أһЦǸ߸ϹˣӻЩ
Ȼ֪ϷթȴǰԽһ˼ӣϷΪУ㻹ܷɣ
һЦ˵ΪʲôΪסң
Խӿ֮С
۷֮ʱҵȻ壬ԶԶжԶԶڣнľʲôΪɢʧ֮ǰ϶ĸˡ
һԣԽɫ࣬ѪڷӸǲѣͷųΪǻ
ϼ״Цż˵ҪֵĻΪ˵ûм˵ȥжԣ۳ӡ֮ġһơػԽǿȴʵʵڴڵΪУʱֻһžȴΪѿˮ棬ˮĽ
󣬳˵ǣôһ֣
һĻԽʵ𾪵˼㣬û뵽ԼΪױƣ״̬ܲҲ㻻һۣΪҲ̸֮ɫ䣬ȴûϵСӣͲôԼΪ
ҲڡΪƣԽ֮ʱϺȻˣֱĵȡĳԪˣһϵжޱޱѸݣȫȻѸ֮٣
㡭
Խ۲ȴǿüԪһʧ忪ʼٸãɢȳʬζ
þѪթңȴ֪ҲթﵽĿأ
Ц˵ϷڲѵġҺԤ׵ȻȴζڳϣǿšΪ֮ҲΪϵΪͲôһ˿˿͵˶
ʵΪƶҲʲôʹϧ֮࣬ȻѾ˼ΪĹϵ˿̣֮أȻ壬ǿ壡
ԽҲֲסˣɢŲĿ۾ҲʴˣۿӣҪڴϣȴǳ֣Խ۵סһУԽ滹ûԽȥٴʱ䣬ѹҺΣɫҺλ֮ǰһҴ󣬳Ԫ֮̽
󣬳šΪ֮Ԫڤɣ˫ֱץסΪ֮ɣ˴֮£ٶȣ൱ؿ죬ֻǡΪ֮ܿͱС󣬡Ϊ֮ȫʧϵϣֻʣһƬɫҶӡ
˴ϸղһսܵƣѾ˸߰˰ˡ
üоŵ춯ԥһڽƬ֮Ҷ̽켴óӡ


623 һʲô
һ춯صĴս֮󣬳ɽ壬ȴǱըһǧף
ʱϽΪ֮ɻ֮ĴҶƬȫɵ켴ʩųԪڤ٣ȴͨīڣһڣһ̣
⣬¶ЦݣԪڤҲˣһܣΪϬһУӦûǣܴ𾪰ɡ
ϿӣоһԼ壬״̬УֻԪЩ㣬ָֻҳ浤ҩԪʯһ£ֽʵԪ֮󣻳һݣǿҺĺɫӣһȥ
ɫõ֮ڣȻûн𷭽֮״ȴҲǼҲģԪ֮ĥ
ڳҺʱңԶ֮ص֮һ˿ԽƣΪŭǸܼӵʲôƻʧܲ˵ڻԽ䣬޵ּ⣬±ٳһأ͸޹ϵ̳֮Ȩٸް°ˣ
ǣ𣡡˵һӰ֮һȦʧ
˿̣ɽԽԽԽɽоԽӿ𲻰֮飬ЩĪɣԺҲ뵽ѵԽʲôⲻɣ
ͷֳ۾ͷˣ˵ҲնɱԽԽóۣ򲻹𣿡
ţȴͷΪȫٸɽһҲһۣϴЦʮسɽϡ
ɽԶӣ
ͬʱĳ֪ƫƧС壬һɴļˣеʯӶһŽһŵǰĳɴ֮µд˳ŽõϢиǷҪȥǿ϶üƽƭأȻв
ô˵һ仰ҪûƭңĲˣô죿ǸԼΪأҶᣬļңֻþ˼ǻһߣȴȥҽΪŮ
켴תŻؼҵķȥﻹĥţüƣָΣû߳˵סȥ·˵һЩͽ֮ķҵǣųֻӣһ̶·ļˣѪݽߣ
ˣȻϹܿ
⣬ζȥɨһ·ϣûڴϣɺıϣ̿ǡаٱ䡷
ҲڸɽٶȣҪöࣻΪΪ⣬ⴳһŶõһ似һʱ˽ȥǡ衱ĺ
Խ߾˾ͽɵ÷ˮ𣬴˿ڲݵϣҧһݣİҲһԣʵ磬˵ִ
ɽȥɽ·ϡ
İЩǵ˵ִһȥɽ᲻ʲô¶˾ͽõԴ˵ǵĴ磬һ⺷شڣ
ʱ׹˹˵ʦ壬⸽İɣǶʰɾˣһô
ȥһ˾ͽ˵˵ţ׹˵ڻܰȻΪкǿĻռǣȥ˵Ϊʸ֮ģ
˾ͽͷȻͬ׹ǵ˵ȴȻЦ˵ֻ˵ǶѣռǣңҪһطˡ
ȥ
Ľ򣡡
׹֣ǰһ˾ͽ˵ţȻǾȥĽ򣡡׹۾Ǵ֪˾ͽʲôֻԼо˾ͽһ̺ܴ塣
ǡ
ɽţȻѾСͷͣҲ൱ģǣȴܲʵ˵֮ôʱ䶼ȥˣȴûһϢΪʲôµˣΪĻ
ţɽȭͷ˼Уչø죬ģ
߾ӪһӣµĻ㱨˵ţЩ˴ʧһ룬Ҫˡ
˵֮ӿϵĻ񣬻Ǻϣüͷֻǽ𣿡켴˵ҵĶӣȥģ۸ʲôҶҪҵ㣬ҹҹ˼㣬֪
ʱɽϵĳϣۣ۾ϲãΪڽͨɫӸˣϲ֮⣬һ˿˼֮ͻģؼҿһ
ţһ̾Ϣ֪ڵľƣԳ鲻ҪǣϲܽΣѴȥȻаٱʮ⣬ǣһأ
ңϻҪѰҡٵҩģΪĸơٵ
ѹŨŨ˼飬ϽϵġҺڣźɫӱҺٲԳʲô˺ˮѪ
áҺӣʹд߻Ÿղŵս뵽Խ۵ġΪʱüëһʼγԪˣܸڷϼԿƣȴг
ⳡβģ뵽֮ӵУһ᲻ٴδأгĻֻʲô֮ϣֻʲôͬʦ棬ֹ֮˲両ʣԺ۾ǿƴɱҪССģŪǾʲôԽڸոƴɱ֮ʱô⣬ֻܲնɱҪ˵նɱҲҪΪشۣҪûǵʮûԪڤ٣Ҿͱˡ
üͷøˣгȴǸպÿסҵĽս֮һĳԽ۵ĳ֮˵ĳ֮ܲͬ
뵽⣬϶ǿӿڶ˵ɱ壬½Կգ
ʱ֮󣬳ϵӣáҺһƬȻûԱøǿļ󣬵ţǿ̶ȣԸһ¥
ȫ֮󣬳ϿʣӣֽһԪó𡭡ر뽫ѩʦ֮ԣһѹǸͷ
׼ɫʱɽɽ֮£ͻشŭ
¡¡ͣȺɽҲ纣һһ׹𣬳϶ȥǰ׹⣬ǰɫ棬ǳϵؽʱͻȻӵصİɫ棡
ԥİɫ洦ȥ
ɫģֻгϣɽԽԽۣ˿ɫ󣬾㶼һη١


624 
ɫ汬ûһ״ûԤףû쳣ôֱӣһӳ𣻾ͺգȴͻȻԤ׵أע
ϷȥɫĵطǵؽǸ
˿̣һƬѾȫˣٲ˿ӰеֻǰɫŰδϱоǰɫȶȣϵûоţΪĻԪָķȦѾֵܹɫ棬˿̳ϱ꣬ǿ˰ٱǧֹ
һһǰȥ֪ըǰһ˲䣬ǵص֮µһȺˣϲţΪǸоԼҪɹɹĶȡ֣ͷ֮˻˵ɫ棬֮ûдӵص緢ĻǾһʧǲúã˳˳ȡ˶ߣȻûϵɫؽ緢һΣս˵꣬ûüãԭİɫ棬ͺȻһ㲻ŵͷ𣬾ͱɫˣɵһۼû¡
ѾΪ֮Ҳ֮𾳽ĳϣ˿ڰɫУ½䣬ҳϻûмԪָķֵֻ˳ڴӡ
ȥûڱ׵Ǻ׻еѹȸУͥŲϲⲻ֪İɫ棬˼򵥣ؽһĻͣڳԺ֣ÿһϸڣô
ɫ֮𣬼Ϊһ߲Ƚϣɫ϶Ҳһȴ֪Чʲô
ϱţҪȥ̽һ£ôҲнŰףʲôΣյĻҲǰ׼Ȼһ̽ȴԼ̽ô
ΪԼǱŰ׵ȴֻܽ̽ʮ׶ѡ
ϸһ֮ǰƴɱУԽûЧûŶԣôֻʮأϺǲаһһ̽ţȻʮףʮףʮס
ô֣
һ֮£Ծ˰ɫͷһţӵŰ״ɫһţֱʮס
ŰףʮףŰףʮס
ػ˺öΣȷͣ˰ɫ
ǾŰףڰɫȴֻʮסţϸ𵭵Ц⣬ԭɫԣȴܹ˵󽵵͡
˵Ѿ¶˾ģһҪɫշ
켴׹ٶȣʮţ۾һ⣬óؽ飬ڻţóϾȵһĻˣЩ飬ȻΣûб
˵ؽױŶԣôܽؽۣȴǰҲ֮ãϰ˼⣬Ȼ뵽ˮԪڤٵȵȣѲؽҲˣ
ţϽڵȡ˳ЩҲûڵѪڵǱ֮ɫʧ֮ɫԾȻ
ϸսڵȡڵ˳֣֮ڰɫԾţȻڵûʲôϿţȴܿڵϲãһ˺ڵŰɫ档
ͻأڵֱ׹ȥ׹֮٣Ȼ˳ϣԷڵ£ϢġʩԼϣȻʯ׹ذ㣬ֱ£ڵԳ˵൱Ҫб˿˿ϵҺڵξǵ磬ǺڵһĽ˵
ڵһֱţڱ׵ʱ򣬺ڵҲôһ״̬ڱﴩֱ亮׻𺣣ֱˮԪ
ĪǣɫľͷҲʲôڣòǻԪɣ˼ţлԪ̫үүǲ֪𣿡
ţ͵ظоʹյʹϾɫڻټԽԽ£ŨȸߣǿˣȻϸоʹȴûмȦ࿹
ɫɹΧԲʮﷶΧڣѾǿһɽûˣûˣˮҲûˣҰҰħ޵ȵȣȫûˣ֮£Ҳ˲٣Խ£Щʯûл٣ֻһСĶ˽롭
ಡಡಡ
ڵϽȥϱ㷢̽ΧֱСˣȻʮףͬʱո磬ϲûмȦһҧɫ롣
ڳϸոǹ۸ϵˣɫǴһţѵǸʲôⲻɣ켴ҲȥѰԽֻۣȥ
Ƭ֮۵ǰûаԥһͷȥۣʱ͸о˲ԾϷôʮף
ʣۣѾƳȴ֤Ƚһ£ֻòͣȥ
۲һֵˣе֮ɫһһ֮󣬼ҲһʣʮΪΣ
۵˼άݣ̱뵽Ϊʲôѵ˵ɫԵʣĻ棬Ȼ治֪˭⣬ɽ͸ɣڴɣҺɻûзص֮ܡ
ϷѾ˹֮İɫһҪʱȥնɱСӣֵһ䣬ͻػ򣬡ˣСأϷʱһ˶ûпĪСӽȫɱˡ
뵽˴۹һȽ˻£ʱȥʰСӣõھŷ֮λ
ɫһڵƬɽϣʮ֮ħޣҲ׷ӣ֮仹վڳָλϣȺ޿񱼣ܷӦأЩܵħޣ糱ˮ㣬֮ӿ֮м䡭
ĳϣǲ֪֮һ¶ֻоնԽԽߣ֮࣬ԽԽ̣׹ٶȣʮףʮףʮס
ʱĳϣ֪ͬ󣬻ۣҶȡۣ
˰ʱ֮󣬻ͨһɫ۶Ϣ˵ϣʱϱоԼֻпʮס
ϲԳһЦڳۣѾʮ£һ۵Ҳڿš
ڵȻûͣ۶мȥ
Ͻ鲼ȫԻƻȻɫ棬ڣȻҲֻ֪£ֻŴԷΣա
ԣԼһߴţһ߻ָţž棡
ͻأڵͣˡ
Ͽȥʱ۾ﾫ硭


625 ףӳձ˺
аɿ۶룬һʮɴС۳أ
۳ǰɫڲѣһԴǰСİɫݣһͣر󣬵ʹ󵽼£Ҳܱʱ򣬡žһݱˡ
ݱըһɿֲܣȴ۳ľۼȥ
۳룬һĨɫȻͬɫڣ
ɫ
ʺɫ
һĨɫԺɻʽڣ
һĺҶǳɫǰɻҶƬҲͨ͸죬ǾҲǺġ
ҶֻһƬԲԲģôôǰ뾶һף
ǻݱըܣǾۼƬɫҶϡ
⻹ϡ档
һƬҶ֮ϣȴɻһԽû
ǻ꣬ͬŮ°㣬¶δ¶֣ǣǹɷ飬ζѾ쾡µչֳ
رǣǻ룬³һ
ţΪʺ졣
ù죬ȣȴƫƫɢࡢ˵Ϣ
۾ǶɫĲٺɻΪ֮һ𣬾ҪԽȥһ㣬촽΢ţ䣬ǽ⻨óȥֻ򻨣ҪΪ֮ʧɫͷſ
ڵһ·⣬ȴûֱӳȥƺĳֹ˼ɣ
ţ֪ߵ۳رԵؿɻ
۶ȻԶϢ֮۶ʱֹһ䣺Ȼȫˣ
۷֮ʱ֪·ĳϣȻѹʶ˵أΣ֮أһֱɢŵʮ̽鵽˳֡
һ飬ʩչϢϢȫͬһ˲䣬Ժ˼תͷڵڻĶ˰ɫ۳³ȥ
һ۳أϱоɫۻնȣڳر˼ʮֹϲ޼ɵת̫֮࣬ߵע⡣
ˣֻסλ壬ɰɫۻ
֮⣬ϻ֣ٽף
⣬û۳ȥݾ飬¶ȣڳر߸ҪǣϽڵǰӣǸӣڱ׵ײʱһģһ˲뵽Ǿ仰ĵرΧػޣ˵ˣͷħ뽫ػĵرΪС
ȻܶӣȻǺɫٺɻڣ׼ʲôħޣڵ״̬ɱ۳붼ħ޴ڡ
ǺϸСˣɫۻϣʹ俴ͺۻһ㣻ȻǾʹޱȣҧ춯еʹȫˣ
̽ÿһ⣬ÿһѪÿһ
֮ǰûйεʹྭǰһĻԳܲȥ̲ȥڣϴͲʹÿһصʹϮ뵽ĲʹǷ꣬Ƿ֮Ĳʺ磬ʹ֮ıǿ
ʱϻţ֮ǰ˵һ仰˸ţǸˣ֪˭϶ۣ˵ȫΣΪ۳۵Χ㣬ҲǿȻ
˰죬˵Ĳ죬ֻ˵Ȼǿ
ڳϸոջ۳һ׼۾ڵϣȫΣһƬɫֶʮѸ٣ԣ÷ȦΧۣûзֳϴڣ֪۶һˣ
Ҳͳһ
һ˲㱻Ǻɫٺɻסˣ۾ҲƲ֣еĿ⣬ȫ۽Ǻɻ֮ϣһ֮˵Ȼģɽ£ŰףðƷֱһƷףҲӺüƷףֻǣĹЧȴû˵ˣӳձ˺ھˣû뵽û뵽Ȼ䣬ϷĸԵˣӳձ˺ɾǡ
˵ţб߷ۣҲ۶֮У߷ͬһҲ׸ȫˣǣ߷ۺСĺܽһֱϢ
ûзֱ߷ۣɱ߷ȴղ˵Ƿ˸һı߷ۣŭֱ죬ɽ𣬾Ȼɰռô꣬Դŷб˲ɣµڶҺûзػܣ죬Ϸջ
߷ţԺﻹɻţ˭Ϸ򶼲֪ɫǰףʲôӳձ˺ɣô֪еĵĪǾǹġ
ɻ֮УѾ˵ӳձ˺ɵĹ⣬㿪ڣ۵Ļ˵Ϸ֮ˣ
˭
ͻأ֮۴󾪣ͻͷȵһΪƵֻڰ֮УվһݵӰһ
߷۳ӳձ˺ɣ̰֮ɫ¶ɣ˼֮󣬲ջĿ⣬ۣʱĿУ۽ʮŨɱȵ˭˭
ղϷ˵Ļˣ
һֶ˸
Ȼˣȥɣ
㣬Ϸ˭һڣϷ򵹻һ

ۿЦЦȦܲ۶İףúҷƺӿЦֹͣ˵ԭһڵģϷ㣬һϷǰһֻ϶㲻ϣ棬ҲˣֻССϣȻϷƣҪ󣬵֮һֻϣܹµģ
߷⻰ȻǷŭ˼£Ϣͬ۵ĳΪͷų˵ʦ֮ߣɱŰɱ
ۿ߷ҲΪһ飬ǹɲӿͷϣȴûаʾֻŲмһ֮ɫ߷˵ţȫǻϷΪʣһ似ȫڻã˻֮£ϷͬףϷ֣ϽͶϷ㼸Уʹ˻һҷ𣡡
ϷǴˮʣĻ𣡡
ֻˮܿϷĻ𣿡
ԣ֪ˣ
ȻҪԣҪԣҪնɱ㣡
۶̽ŶԷһʩѹͬʱ۲գһ֣϶ǴУر֮¡
Ǳ߷ۣۣ֪۳гϵĴڡ
˿̣ȴ뾪ϲ֮УϲʹƸо㣬ﲻͣ߶ţӳձ˺ɣӳձ˺ɣû뵽ӳձ˺ɾȻ


626 භ
ӳձ˺ɣԱ˵кܶܶЧãܹΪ춯֮£ȻԳ˵ӳձ˺ɾֻһãǾơٵһζҩġ
϶ɽɽ·֡ӳձ˺ɡȻ־ϲ˵ӳձ˺½Ѿȴ﷢֣ǵȫѹ򰡣
ӳձ˺ɣϵȻһҪõ֣ΪԼס
߷˵ĶԻҲһֶؽ˳ϵĶʹţһڵҲˣۣ˼һۣ϶ǹǸ𣬾Ļ𣿡
²ϣۣʹƴɱһȻٳ֮۳֮ϣϸСĽˣܹԸԽɱһۣۣϻûգرǸ֮ǹ˼ɡ
Ȼ׵ԽԽϸһѪ͸ɳϲҶô𲨶ֻţȨǧһ֮ʣϾа㶯
ʱֻϣ۲ҪٷϻˣϽƴɱ
߷۲֪еĿ˻ţȻ߷ۺţڰۻĻսܹնɱİۣǣ߷Ҳնɱۣ϶ҲøܴĴۣ
Ϸٸһᣬ𾿾˭߷̧֣һŻɫԾ̺ǿ֮һбۣ˵׿˵ĲϷˮԪֻԼĻԪҲ˰ɣҪȻ㻹÷Լô
߷ɫȻԸ״̫ǿᣬĹ֮ҲֵסȻҪʹ÷˵ˣϷҲԴȡԪ㣬ˮԪпݽߵһ̣ˮԪݽߣֻϷˣ
ⷬȴûе֮ɫȳ֣һѴնڿգɫѤâðҡҷѣмٱͬʱ趯ӳյð׹ǧ
䡱ը죬⼸ٵâ߷۵ķȦһµĲǵâˮԪը裡
Ҫ߷۵ķȦһ࣬߷һҪӦ԰ףһҪӦԼĹ϶֮֮£۵ˮƣͱȥ
߷û뵽۾Ȼ֣һŭ֮£лɫţ˲ʧɫ߷һӣǰɫ֮УЩ֮Ϊˮն֮
֮󣬱߷Ҳȡȴһֱоɳɫɫһᣬ糤߷裬򵶹â
ͬʱ֮ײǵˮ¡֮ˮ籩䡣
Щˮɢˮ֮㱻׸ޡ
ͬһ˲䣬ϻ뽫󲿷ֵĵâһȻ߷۵ķȦѾûãϻסĵ⣬Ҳɢ
ţϻ־۴󵶣Ծռնֱն֮ͷײɫ棬ϻһնٵ֮£ȥҪʤ׷֮ʱϻ
ʱһײ۵Ĵϣð˰˽ͬʱ˳ͣעŶԷ˵һ棬̽׶ΣȻ򣬼ʹ̽Ȼɲ۶İױϷš
۶ű߷۵ǼûƻķȦв˵ҪԽɱһڵĹӣֱ׶٣ͷڤȵͷһֱӽȦһƣˡ
뵽ԽͷڤȣҲ뵽ƣԽ£˴Ķ϶ǸûĻҲԽֻδӰǳ¶ˣԽУˣ
ͷһû¶״ֻǶű߷۵ϻ˵ϽƷܼӻԪܣǷʹԭ֮Ҽ᲻ɴݣ
˵꣬ϴЦű߷ۣ˵һȻǱġ
߷һݣȻΪ۾Ȼ֪ķƶȣҲʾд˵ն䵶ȡϺƣƷʹ˵ˮ൱һһ֮˵
벻㻹ͦмʶģȻҲ֪ն䵶֪ôࡣ۵ԶԶûбƽΪѵɲ򵥡
Ϸ֪ģкܶܶ࣬磬һ֮ն䵶ϷսƷ
ٳϷնһ
ŭҫɱն䵶ͻȻնʱˮŭ֣ȻǧȦˮ±ű֮󣬾ʮ׶ߵĴˣ漱ٷƽһŰףӿ߷ۡ
߷ɫ䣬ֻ˵롮һһľ磬üԶ
켴һȣƽ
֮£Ͻֱûˮ֮Уű߷۵Ԫעֲ֮ͣϽˮնϲعϮȥ
ʮ׶ߵˮˣϽŰ֮£еıжϣеıǵâֱӱ÷飬ˮһɢڰУޣɫ΢䣬Ѱ˼ڴ˵ƴɱ˲٣Ȼݵôš
ˣȻǣźа㡣
߷ۼϽҲԥԾնʹϽӲƶȥϽٱֱһȦһȦ
ңϽϣñ߷ע˹֮
ۼ״ҲԾڿУһ߶ϽһնƺƵâΧ֮ƣ߷ۺȵӲģ֮𣬷ٻ꣡
߷һ£ϽȻøۼԲȦÿһԲȦɢУȥ
Ԫһˣʮʱϫϯꡱ۶аױҳ죬еĳ۳֮Уը۳е۽۶ҲԪըòҡ
ˮԪ̫
߷ֺϽתɷ糵һ㣬ҲƽڴأǴֱڴأֱǳϫ⣬ǹ֮ĹȦûɢȥۡ
䡭
Ǵ似ƴײϫƣ糵٣ˮԪɢŰ߷ۿǹ֮𣬾Ҫ֮Цپ꣬Ϊһʬ⣡
˵ţ߷۵ϽŰ㣬ֱ۵ķȦۻûлţ༥ն䵶ˮеâ
һ£ǧâƾ֣ȦĹ֮նϡã֮ͬ׸ˡ
߷ЦϷȻ֪Բĵâ˵ţһŰף̫մһ㣬ۣ߷ɱۡ
۴󾪣ȴǶѸ٣ֱն䵶ǰա
ţһСո֡


627 ʯ
ְɵգҪǱףǱ߷еûɫĹ֮ʹն䵶նա
ߺȻײʱٴαն÷ƣǹ֮Ǳնûɢն䵶֮ǰʣҲ˵ĸо·Ǻۺһ㡣
һֹ֮ӦϷһֹ֮һ֣㻹Ӧ𣿡߷ۼЦ˵ּһ֣۲䳰Цֻʹն䵶ٴննˮȥ
ͬʱۻˮԪʹһС߷£
֪ΪΣС֮ʱ߷ͻһ飬ʲôڷƴɱʱ˶ûк·ˣ߷üëһݣϽ˲䱻ֵ״ǡֺ֣֮ǡءֺ֣߶ǣ
һ֣̺ܣֱðƬռ䣬ը಻ѿ
СҪϽײһʱԭ¶ĺƺˮԪ֮Ȼ˲˺Ԫ֮ǿСûбȻǰСЯȴԺֱǧ֮ߵΡΡɽȣ㣡
ΪϷˮ𣿡۴Ц߷۷֣鳬֮⣬ˮ˫ԵۣҪնɱĻĴ۽
Ǳ߷ۿǴԼ˵ӳձ˺֮б¶֮ɫ棬Ϸܻ㣬۶Ϸкξ壿
һ䣬ϽСƶȥҪСסֳ״ȻͻضѳأСҲȻ£һƣ
䣡
һը죬ѣ׸ˮɽ䣬۶·˾ֹ֮Уֻź¡ը˺
һȦȦƣɢȥɢ۳Ͽʱ۳ص׽ͻŭֱӿһŵİɫֱ׹Ͽա
߷Ҳڱը֮شɫò԰ףѪαˣϵķȦҲ
ǿֹסΣҪƴɱǰս֮ʱ׵׽Ϯ˼״˲öԷæ׽۳׽֮ɱ۳֮ϵİǿʮֹٱûϵͻ˱ʣо֮ϽȫȦֿ
Ȼ׽ڷȦ֮ϣȦ͵ƣֱϨһ߲ͣȦһ۶ܶȥ
ǲô㣬Щ׽׼ȷǵϣͺ׽ʩչһ
׽ͣ䣬۵Ԫٵš
׵磬ãǲʹһƴɱȫҪԪղԪʹƴɱ濴ܺ󣬵˵Ԫģ١
жԪݽߣǵȴǵΨһ
۲˵ˣǵصİ˵ˮԪʵ̫ˣ˲˻𣬷Ǳ׽ˮԪյڣҪȼʱoȥһˮ˻𣬷ǻơ
ۻԪҪȻѾ˽ţ˰ۣ
߷ǻԣȴҲܣȻӰȡĻԪ٣ȴǲֱʹãþһ֪ŨŨ۳׽֮أǾͳ˻𶾡
ǲֿܵ𶾣óȻĻ־л𶾶׽ȼ֮
۳е׽ǵصĳ˷˵ֵ֮УԷһۣԶӶԷ￴һ˿˵۳֮еĳϣǸᣬо۳֮Уһǿڣ׽ǸĽ
ϸСˣϢʩչ£ۣһͷ϶ƷײޣǿҲ˵ܽȫһ򾡣ֻϣ֮ǰܸͷش
ҿҪɱһܾˣ̼ɣȴϣ۳˲ͷػ޳룬ҡЦˣһںĻȸԣԻȸˣ
ˮ߷׽Ϯ֮࣬ϸǳŷ֮ʹ۶ǱҵҲոġҺǰȥֵ͸׽
ϵķȦԽԽ֮ʱһХ֮쳹۶֮Уðܵȥţ۳һ׽ײ۶һ֮һӴӰڿС
Ӱȥһͷţӣ˫ǣƵ㣬ֻǾֻҲûţβͣţһһ˫壬Сɿɳ
˻㣬ħ޵ӣĳֲ֪ʯһ㣬ǲëŵİɫ׽һӴ޸ӳձ˺ɵϿգӳձ˺Ӱ֮£ӳձ˺ģκ˶ܶ
ػһֲѹͱ鲼۶ÿһ䣬һ¶˼ΪԻĿ⣬ĵؿˮ߷ۣһҧ
ʲô
߷۴ƳĬۣˮķȦһڿˮ˵ʯʮһƷޣȼƷ
ˮ˵ȥ벻ʯôڰûиôһ¶ʯҲһϿġ
ͬʱˮشı߷棬üͷ𣬡֪˶ࣿոͷ߷ֽڿɲ׷ʱҪģǻҪƴʯɱе󣬶Ϊҽ
Ψ֮ƣֻˣ֮ǰԹȺͷʯ˵߷ţ̧ͷˮˮҲű߷棬Ȼ˶ͬ⡣
㲻ʯĶ֣Ҳǡ߷ȿ˵һ֮УѾϷ򡱸ĳˡҡһ½˵ֻ֣Ǳɡ
ɱʯ֮أˮҲ֪еȴʳôһ⡣
ˮ⣬߷кӣٴƴɱƾֶˣȴ˵һӳձ˺ɻһһԣΣ
ã
ˮű߷濴˺һ˵ôһ֣ȻվˮСն䵶ץ֣Сն䵶߷Ͻѷɢܣнʣ׳ûȥᣬֻɨһ֮󣬽Ŀⶢʯϡ
𡪡
ʯѾʮһƷޣͨԲ˵Ѿ۵ͼǴ۾¶ȻǱģû˷
ۡۡ
ʯ³Űɫ棬һһңֱϮˮ߷棻Ż棬Ҳ׽ʽڣ˼Ȧն׽
ͬʱȡҩ̷


628 뱷
ԭػ޽ʯʮһƷޡţڶʱѩʦһѪԵԵǴѪҲʮһƷ⣬ڵǲͣ忰ȼƷ湻ǿģҪûۣҵȥ붷һ
ˮ߷ۣѾǧŽʯӿ³׽˫۶ٵ飬ѣӻֱˣһֱײ۶ڣͣ
ʯ޼״ǲмˣƺ˵Ͻӵĵ̡
Ǳ˵ҩԭЩԪֿٻָ˲ӯȫȦҲ˲٣һۣʹʯɱȥ
߷֮𣬾ߵȥɨһţˮն䵶ն£Ҳǰˮ˺֣Ҳˮܵв֮£еǱһն£նһˮˮ֮Уâӿھ۵ĽâѪЩơ
״߷ж뷨ˮ䱸ţҲ֮۳ȦȦʯ޵ͷͬʱɢܵϽ߷һһ
նһâ֮ˮˮû꣬ն䵶ˮ˽ˮ˲ִǰ棬ӿˮʯ
𡪡
ʯͷХ׽˳ײһâ棬п俴ȴ֮
ʱˮһ룬âѽ֮иžžһ죡
ʯҪ׽ʱˮһȣ
ǿƽʯն䵶ȻըѣƷķըǲһ㣬ֱֲϮʯ֮ʣµĽˮâͬʱɢطϽͻʯնȥ
顭
ʯ˳ӴӣҲڲʵڹǿ˵Ĺɵ˺ôֻ¼ۼѪӿѪ׽γΡ

Ȼ˲أʯŭˣȻ˸ҽˣַϣһȳǺ֮У۶İ׾һ˷ˮ߷˷ӿ
ңʯǵС۾ֱˮ۾ͷųģŨޱȵ׹⣬ɱˣ켴ʯſ죬³׽
ص׽ɲ֮ǰһţֱߣԴԴϡϲˮˮҪȥСˮ׽ɫ䣬ϽС˻ֵ׽ȦŴ۹âԪ౻߷¡
ǣʯ޷ŭ֮·ĹȴˮܵסģȦˣԪҲڱˮӴԪԾ˵ٶš
ԪţˮȽİԪȴţͿɾʹˣˮˣ˵ʯ㽫׽µ緢
ˮ쳣ΣգĿ⿴߷棬ĿԹޣΪƾһˣնɱʯ𣿡
߷˿Ҳţˮʯˣֲˮ̫صˣ߷ϣˮˣΪ˺濼ǣռϷ磻ϣˮˣΪ߷滹Ҫˮնɱʯûˮ߷ûаնɱʯ
Ժ˲Щͷ֮󣬱߷Ȼ֣ˮڻ̫صˣСಡϽָֻԭ״ʯֻţǣ
ˮԪѾ۳ˣ׽͵ؽȫΧˮһҽУڵϣ׽串ǣڴʱ߷湥Ϯʯջ׽ͻһ٣ٶ֮죬һ׽
߷ֻţ֮͵ס׽Ͻǲʯֻϣͬһ˲䣬ʯҲײ˱߷ϣ˲䣬߷汻ײֱѪɢҲź֮ɫʯһײûӵϽ֮ʯɱȥ
ӻڰУ߷ȳһ֣Ͻըʯŭ׽ѱ߷ȫΧԾ˱ȱ߷滹ߵĵطֻǰ̧ز̤
߷״һת͵䣬֣һһƣϽ̽߷Χת״֮⣬һѪҺ
켴߷ϣתȥֱʯ
ߵٶȶ൱죬Ǽ䣬Ͻɵݣʯĸһ̣ȴûǰǰ㣬ֻ¼ۼǴ̳һѪ
߷һóѣʹҪϽʯꡭ
ʯʹӴһҪϽҪ߷ѹǿѹѾñ߷ĵ飬û·ٴκȳ֣ͬʱӼơ
䣡
ըֱʯĸը˸ֱһ׵ĴѪ㣬ѪɽʯʹУ˲Һӣûֹͣ䡣
顱һʯ˵ϡ
ʱ˿̣߷滹ûнȫƳȥȣʯѹ£ѹµһ˲䣬߷ꡱףԼȹˡ
ȻȹѲص£߷ԼСҲˣʯ׽˱߷ϣ߷һƴۼԪֵһߴȵģϷ֪ûϽ֡
߷ⷬǶˮ˵ģ׽ڵصˮվˮһѾޱȣսľ̰̿Ŀ⣬ȴţš
ˮ̰Ŀ⣬ŵĲǱ߷棬ӳձ˺ɣŵĻСֻһͷĶ˵ҺͷȻĻѾΪ׽һˡ
֣ѵ˸ղ˵Ļ߷ٴκŭޱȡ
ղ˵ĻˮЦ˭ǵð㻹ǺúøʯɣϷ㣬ƾı£һܽʯɱġ
ӲţϷնɱʯ
Ȼˮʮŵ˵߷һ㶣ֱһЩûиҧȵɣ
Ϸ˵Ϸǰֻһֻ϶ѣôˣˮЦȻûгȻʱһʱˮȴʯ߷ܾ˵⣻ڵʯˮѾаսնɱΪ֪ʯںδ
뵽ˮֺа˵úܰɣʯܼǳġ
ʯȻͨ飬ȴĵն񣬾۳֮еĳ϶ڸ̾ѣ϶ԡն֣Ѿк⣬ȴЦ˾䣬뱷
ű߷潫ʯ޵ĵӣŪһѪԣʯԱ߷ĳޣԶԶˮҲΪ⣬ʯͲˮֻ뽫߷˺ѡ
ˮûԮ֣֮߷ȻԴУҧг֮Уֽ⿪һӣһһͷʯӴƾճ֡
⣬ˮЦݶʱȥȵѣ̩ޣ


629 ̵õһ
ѣ̩ޣ
ˮȳɫͻ䣬߷⣬ȴʣ˵˭֪֮࣡߷ΪһˣһڵĽǿŸָޡ
֮ǰ߷ûзųѣ̩ޣǽ䵱һŵƣԱӦδ֪棬ʱ̣Ҳ˲ˣʯɱǡ
ѣ̩ޣʮƷޣֻʯ޻˽һأһСƵģëʣעıΨһ۾
׼ȷ˵ǲ۾ѣ
ѣ棬ŵģһŻ𣬸˻֮С
ѣ̩޸ձųȫëȻըը֮ȫͱΧȻѣ̩вѣ̩޻ֱӳʯȥ
ʯڷҪѹ߷Сһȸ޳̤£ʯΪŭˣſڱһ£һ׽ֱѣ̩޵Ψһ۾
ѣ̩޿Хţ϶ۣһŲ£ʯȻضײѣ̩ޣѣֱ̩ӱײйͷ졭
ʯ뿪߷ûҪվʱǱС͵߷ŭ𣺡͵ϮϷŭŵͬʱ߷潫ʣµϽϿУС
ű߷ˣǲִӦսԣϽôһӣͱСҳرѿһӵʱ䣬߷վԾڿУŭˮ
ˮ˿ΪȻ˵Ϸɱľ㡣ˮܾ˵ⲻʵֻ֣ܳʯѣ̩ƴɱ֮ʣΪǿ߷նɱȻĽ֣ȴǻЩҡ
߷ˮСôһôŭֱӿȵѣͷǸˣһȺηҪʯײȥѣ̩ޣͻһ£ֱˮȥ
ʯû֮ǰѣ̩޿϶ƲȥǶﲻѪҺǳҲʹ֮£ѣ̩޳˹ȥҲñ߷ĿĴɡ
ˮ䣬û뵽߷澹ȻôһУˮ
˺Ƥ֮󣬱ѾУǰòֺ಻ܣ
ѣ̩޳˹ʯҲ˹߷гɫ𵶣նˮ۾һ֮£ȴǽСѣ̩ޡ
߷˾棬˫ѣȴǺް취һ˿ʹϧ֮ɫ۾ɲǼͱĮѣ̩ٶȼ죬ϵëȻɣˮˮԲ״㱬һŻ¡
ֻһŻʵûʲô˵ģǰȴһƬˮԪѾȦȺ֮£ըޡ
ˮ˫һǧ֮״˿̣ˮ׷ΧڣһƬˮ汻֮󣬷һۡ澹ϨˣǱˮǱն𣻲ѣ̩޵Ļ𣬾ǰףҲն
׷ΧȻˮġ
ʱ˿̣۳֮еĳϣҲţѣ̩ޣԽԽˣǵĵƣõò˰ɣʯˣĻʯûз̵Ŀˣ֪˵ġʲô϶ֻһ˻š
뵽۾һҪҵӰ죬ǳʲôģһһ˻Ļʩչаٱ䡷ģ߳ȥӦյЧɣȻɱ
ʵĳϣˣȫǸʹãΪ׵׽ѾŸ˽ƤŸҲˡǬתתȻͱ¶ˡ
ˮǰΪ߷۾һݣԭĳģߣϷĳ
˵֮䣬СҪѣ̩Ƕ֮ѣ̩ˮʮ֮࣬ף׽ʯ
ˮģʮ֮ڣͽѣ̩նɱٽˮ߷棬ñ߷ʯƴɱ֮ʣȥȡӳձ˺ɣȻʱȡӳձ˺ɵʱǣɳʱѾˣȡ֮Ӷȥȳ˻ٻȥͨȫ档
ɾʱ߷һּǣű֮飬һ
ˮ߷ֺȡ֣ʣϽѾȫ٣ʲôɱģͷ䣬ˮĿ䵽ѣ̩ϣʱѸˡ
ֻϧȻˡ
䡱һѣ̩ӴӣԱˣ׼ȷ˵Ǳ߷ˣʮƷѣ̩ޱˣֱֲϮˮǡˮըϡá
ѣ̩޵ıըˮҲʯڣΪǡһʯ֮ƣ߷ýԼѣ̩ޣˡ
ʯը÷˺üȡһڵϣСѪø󣬻ѪΪģܱѿȥʯѪ̫ˣӽһϢıԵ
ˮġˮƣ˸أԪǿݽߣ߷ȻŹûᣬλգۼ̴ˮţˮܴ˾ʹ۾¶Ȼ֮Ȼֽ߷ס
߷濴Ŀ⣬Ȼ֪ˮʲô⣬Ƭ̶һŽˮ߷ɣˮߵһͣûԱɹһʱ䣬ˮӣ۳
ˡһü׽ݣ켴ȥ
߷ˮӣԼٶȳ۳׽ûж໳ɣȷٲܴһ˫ȱѹϣվȣһƨ˵ϣǳЦݣҪϷ򶷣㻹ԶˣڣһжϷģϷģӳձ˺Ϸġ˵ţ߷ĿֶʯϣͷʮһƷʯҲϷġ
Ϸڴ˵ʮ꣬϶ܹн۾磬ֻǸơϷأȥ׷ɱƣھŷ֮λ
һΪһȨ
߷Щò⣬þ᲻ѵƣ׵۳׽
ˮ۳ʱϱžʹԥأһһֲˮѪ⣬ץס߹Ǿֱ۳صײ
ҲǱ߷ΪʲôˮȥٶȺܿԭ
֮Ȼǳû٣ֻ֣ˮҪ۳׽һ֣һϲòˮԪˣˮòҲˡ
ΪϹǵʹˮȻعⷵˣܵһɹȦӣʶˣ۾Ҳɵôˣ켴عⷵյˮ㿴ϵݡ
ʱˮ۾Ĵֹͻ˳ˮʵǲ۳Ȼһˣң˻Ҫҵơ
ˮҲֻôһ˲ĻعⷵգȡˮԪˣָϽժѾڱ׽ջĴָˮ֪Լعⷵգῴƣܵ˴ֻԸŶԱ߷ĳȥ
Ҫӵˮ壬ȴˮǿͷһͷ׽Ȼû𣿡
ͬʱ۶һζ


630 
ʵϽˮץ֮ʱһڲ߷Ҳˣû룬ֻΪˮĿѡ
ټϱ߷նɱˮʯ޵ļ˷֮УƽĽҲȻ뵽۳ﻹһˡ
˵˭˫ۣ׵ĻϷ治һĶֻ֣ãϷ򣻲ûסʯϷҲܽʯش
߷һҲûΪϽ̾ϢûΪ˫ȹѶˣЩֻСѣƣ˫ȸǿԻָԭ״̬ŸƷ׵ҩȥ˵ԱñǰΪ
ֻǣǸ𣬵𣬺ÿĳƺţʦ𶼲˳ν
߷֮ʱѾͷˮָ߬£ͷʲôǣȻһ𻵶ûУ񻹿ֱӵƵģһ
Ͼȵģ̬ĹͷǹͷǹͷˣֻʲôӣУ˭ͷˣֽģ
ЩʣڳϵԺھԺŹͷӿһ˵ĸо뽫ȥ̽һȴֲ˹ؼʱ֦̽Ƿʲô䣬˵˼ҵǾ̫ˡ
ˣϽͷսָʱҲŵһ֮ζζԽԽŨǴӳձ˺ﴫģ˼ת֮£ٴץסˮǸոҪۻ壬令СˮѪԪڤ٣˲ԪڤٽˮӶסһ䣺㶼Ҫˣ壬ΪҵԪڤһιװɡ
ԪڤˮԪڿˮΪȻص壬ΪҲûдԽ˵ġΪ⼸֣ѾЩ⡣
ͬʱҲתʮÿһطһʱĴ԰һӦģӸĴۼ󣬳ϾҪڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ御ĻָΪƴɱˣҪˡ
ϼԪڤ٣һɢ߷ȻظоЩ쳣û뵽ֻǵһˮǷ켴㲻ٹܡ
Ϊ߷עȫɢζӳձ˺ϣζԽԽŨԽԽˣڱǱӶ챻ζˣζԽԽгζƻƻɳһ㡣
ԣֱΪǹҲӳձ˺ͷųģ
߷ЦݣóһƵϻӣЦ˵ҺϷЯϻȻĻӳձ˺ɵЧÿҪʧ٣ӳձ˺ȫ죬Ϸͽɻװϻ֤һʧС˿ӳձ˺ΪϷʢϷĸԵڣҪȻɽפôãȴһϢûУҪȻˮôҲȥ
˻ɱű߷ǵˣһ˲䣬֮Ȼֹ͸ȥŲ쳣
ΪǱشֱһϢʯͻԾնԼٶȣӳձ˺ɣһſ˴Ѫ죬һҪӳձ˺Ҷȥļʽ
Ϸı
߷˲Ǳʯѹùѣʹ߳ˮľʹ˫ȣĵأҲ˰׵ķ֮ʹֱֻƶûλ𵶣ɱʯ
ʯڷɹλϿʱ۾¿һۣ۾ɻ֮ɫʯƬΪϤŵһİϢƽ϶Ҫȥģڵֻ뽫ӳձ˺ɸȥƣͻڼ̵ʱڻָһܽһס
߷ŭ֮£ٶҲ൱ؿ죬ʯľ룬ԽԽ٣Ҫ˶ʱ䣬׷ϣʯҲоΣյĿѾƴȫκܴ̫أر֮ǰǸըûиϵѪϲ䵽˵زŵʯѪὦɡ
ʱͷųԪڤѾˮΪһɸɾСҲڲдѪһβʣȻ󣬳Ͻˮʬ
ˮʬһϵıӻ֮һϢ䣬ۻޣ˵ϸսӳȥûˣ϶ˮʬۻĵطһ䣺лл㣬Ϊ˽ղŵĹףһ㱨ģǸ˲ĺ󳾣ڻȪ·ϣһ׷ˡ
ţϡаٱ䡷һʩչˮǰף״̬ȵȣȻ·û˵ģһڣҲΪۣϢˮһģһﻹǿͷ
ѵˮԽҲ𲻳٣ֻңԶ֮أһԳơޡˣŴˮƵѣŭţһǻ쵰µʱ䣬ǲ鲻òӳձ˺ɣ׼޵ŭ𣡡
۳ѾȵȣУʹ¶ֲϢϢŨˡ
ʱ̣߷պ׷ʯޣֻŽʯնɱƻӳձ˺ɣֻ߷һתɵʯ£ԥأλ𵶣ǸѪöĸѣѪ⣬һһ׽ðһûˡ
ʯʹԴ󷢣ܲ˵ֱ߷׽ѹ߷˫ȣһӾͱѹ׽߷о̹֮ʹۼһȭػʯĶʯ׻۳ذߣ顱һѪ׽ɣʯֻгûнվôվվˡ
߷ͷʯʩչʮλ𵶣ʯֻƾնɱֿû߷ȷʯ޲ٳ֮Żعͷӳձ˺ɣĿҵ£⣬ﻹ˵ӳձ˺ɣţϷʱ䣬ģ
ӳձ˺ұ߷ģ
߷鼫ˬ֮£۶ͣײԳ߷ʱĵ⡣
֮Уһͻأ֮Ϸı
仰߷֮ǰʯ˵һģһ
洺ı߷棬һӱסˣԺһӦˣɻ󣬡˵Ѿȥôʱ䣬ôشʱŻص
Ȼ㵣߷滹ǻͷȥֻһ׽𣬸ǿһӰٳ߷涢ȥڿǸס
ʱ߷𣬾㣬ô㣬Բܣ㲻Ӧ˲Ŷԣ߷ټ죬ôֶͺһӱ߷ĳһ
߷ˣҪľЧ
̤šߡʩչȭֱ߷ţ


631 ôһջ
߷һͷ㿴ˮ֮ǰδйٶȣɱأӿĿ־壬һһ֮Ҫһԡ
ɾڱ߷һ֮ʡ
̤šߡĳϣһȭȭɱҿ񱩵شڱ߷ؿڣ
켴߷󺰳Ŵͣȴûа𣬱߷ֻоһ⣬ͷȥֻؿڲλƽƽ̹̹ģǶһֻ֣
ǳһȭ߷ؿڣһѪѳĩ
㡭
߷沢ûȥһغȴɢΣ̧ͷų˵㡭
˵ô˵߷۾ȴǿ϶ǻɣΪϵΪϢˮһģһģɵɱǣˮӵ˴
ϵȻ֪߷еǸ˭ǹճЦݣִӱ߷ȡ˳ֱѪôʱҲٹǱ¶ʲôģΪ֮ǰˮҪһᣬһ߷Է㶵Ļᣬ߷ɱ
ˣԼոɱˣֻ˹һ㶣޹غΪ߷ۣȻҲеһԱ
Ȼʱ߷滹ûҲôһСĹ֮Գûм߷ֱأȴǱ߷滹ôң߷ˣҲٸʲôΣ
ڻԪһתʱٳֱֱϵѪٵøɸɾһۼûС
һĻ߷ԺһЩϢʱĻɾȥɻϵĿ⣬ȴ򣬶𾪣ǿֻţ
㣬ƣ
߷澪ȳҪ²һȭŵ˭ǰ׻⼸֪֪꣬³ơʱ߷壬סزϵıЩĵķŭ
ϲ㣬ˡ
Ц˵ʩչаٱ䡷ָ˱òű߷߶˽ٸҹҹףǰϢ֮ǰҪڳǰ϶˷֣Ȼʱ˿̳֣߷һ֮ӿģȴǾ
ôϷҪף
߷浹Ҳ̶̵֮󣬱̬ҪԼеɻ󣻱߷ʵ̫ɻ󣬱ˮڵôˣںʱ۶ںδȵȵȵȡ
ϵһЦڶʮʼӿ˵װ׵ģһϷ֣Ҿ͸ı⣬ͿΪҺǰԳϷرʵҪ˵ˣ
㡭
߷ȻϵԸ԰ޱȵҲƵͨ죬Ǿ仰Ϸı⻰Ǳ߷ʯ˵ģȴҲǳ϶˵ģҲ˵˺
뵽⣬߷ŭɳ𣬺޲ԪˣԱ֮٣ƣһȥϧ׵׽ϿգȫΣ汻ΣҲһˣϵԪˣ
޷޲Уȴǿ˵ĳͷųһѰɣ

߷ɻΪʲôҪᣬͷųеġǱһЩһڵ£ж׷ɱȵȡ
߷ЩͷҲһ켴Ŀö˵ġһѡʲô˼ҪģԼΪѾעɣ׽ȻӣҪģܲܽƸɱһͬھ
СӣϷȫģ
߷Ѫ˵Ǳ飬ǺŽնɱΪ֮ľ룬ڷԲ֮ڣġЧΧס
£߷һ񺿣Ҳʲô״֣֮ڣȴһȦȦֲϵʱо̶㣬ҲãڵԪȵȣǳ˳ͬھ֮·ϣ繵ͨҲЩѣУϸоһɻƣпֲ֮Ʋ˵һֹĸоƺҲڱȼգ
ܰףҲ֮⡣
˵ѾǵһνӴ۲еĶǻԶ֣ƹδڡУҲΪϲñ߷һסô¶
СϷ㣬ȴû뵽̫ţ̫ڣϷġ޳Уɣ߷˵ЦţЦ۶𵴲ѡ
ӳձ˺ͷųζԽԽˡ
ʱϼѵ̧ƣȻܼѣƴͷͻš
߷濴ϵΪʼǳ˱ģﻹ˵šҪ׷ѹһķǣоɢԽԽ͵ƣеĿֲϢɫһٱ䣬ֱ߶߶ţܣϷġ޳δʧֹΪʲô㻹ܶ
һЦΪġ޳̫ˡŻƣ߸߾ӡ֮ġһơҪ¡
߷ʱ̣һһ𾪸ΧѾЩɵֱؿųϣųԴԽԽȴ١
Ȼ򣬳ϵġһơ߷Դֻ֮ʱȴͣ˵̫ˣȨǰ¶ԣҸĽɡ
Ц˵Щ͵ط֣߷һ𾪣Χ
ȴǳƴڡ޳мԪڤ٣ճڡ޳ʱԪڤѿ󣬵ųϽԪһ࣬ͨͨעϣγɱĤԪڤٴ̽˱߷
ʱ߷һоԼΪ罭ӵ࣬ԪڤȥտʼΪúֱ罭Ӿ̣
ƣҪʲôһʹ죡
߷治ٳơϷ򡱣Űóϸʹ죬ȴǣֻ˵ҪҽĹ£Ҿɴ
󵨣˵ʦ𡭡
Ǿ仰˵߷澹ȻȳȻûк꣬ϵüͷѾǰһڵۣѾΣڵϦ˻֮£ȴҪά
ʲôֶΣʹЩˡţǸˣϲ˵ˣԪڤԽԽ࣬߷Ϊ½
ֻЩ򣬱˳۵Ϊ߷ոյ֮ǲдġ޳ȻʧٲӰˡ޳Ϊı仯ɻ֮ɫŨ
ַųССѪ
߷һʾΪ½֮٣Ϳúˣ·ֻգۼĹ򣬾ʹʡ佫ʦŪʦ
һ·ʿ
Ԫڤٸˣ̵ýΣ
ͬһ˲䣬Ѫ
ȡԪˣѾĴָϻ
߷۱Ϸһ֮׽֮£ޣ߷ǰûԼȥ
СһϴϵĹȦʯӳձ˺ɣϻ
ӳձ˺ɣȫˡ


632 綴
ӳձ˺ɣһ˲֮ɬ֮ζȥ֮ζŨ
֮Ůһ
Ͽӳձ˺ɻĿеòУɲɻõ׳ٵϣС֣Ǵ뻨䣡
ȻϵָոϣһϽ䶵סϻϽϻ󣬳ϲŴһ
ʣµҩģ֪ںηǱˣҵݲԪ𣿡
һ䣬ʣµʺ쾥ˡͨҶϷ˳ʣµĶ϶ҲǺöȴ֪кôٵĵֻ˵ӳձ˺ɣȴû˵ӳձ˺λʲôô
˰Σץסӳձ˺ɵľˣ׽ﳶӳձ˺ɾ˺óϼسţȻ˾ӡ
һȴóϣ澪ϲ
ԭӳձ˺ȫ׽ʱǸ֮ףͨɻȫһ棬һɫĶţʣưɫ׽ת
ӡִӳԺȻӵ״֣ͲӣϵԺֳտӣִŵΪӣӳձ˺ɵӣһƬ׵ӣ
֣
ϽˡҶȫŽϻϻǬӳձȫ˽ȥ
Щ֮󣬳۾¶֮⣬⡰ӡжƾԼٶֵ壬Ҳʲô󰭣һ֮󣬳Ͻǡӡһ븹У
һڣһɱ׽Ͱٱ׽֮Ϯȫֱϻ׽һ֣
оʹûüϲΪϵ뷨ȷģǻ֣Ϊʲôˡܹ֡ӳձ˲裬ȴԴҲ֪ˣеˮԪƵģ˭Ҳ֪
ʱҲûȥֻһһӣ׵ã൱󣬲˵׽֮֮ЧѾΪ֮ͷѪˡ
׽ңǰѾЩٽԪڤٵһкԪİ֮£֡
ϵҲ۳֮С
ͷϵѪɫΣ㱻һʹĵ·ڳϽ¡
۳ذߣСѽʯ޵ѪøɸɾۡһʮһƷ޵Ѫ֮СſڰУʼ˯
ʩչǷǳЧģ֮⣬ϻоǡҺ롰סڼ󣬡Һǽԣǻԣ˽ȴҪڣڳֻʲô
ֵؼʱ̣ûгԣֱ֡뵤
߸ʱʹࡱ֮·뵤δйԱ仯ĵ飬ȴ󣬵龹֮һ
ظоɢܣɱӣڰ֮£Ҳг׽Ȼ
УڣϾ쵽ӣҲֹۺһ𣬺ǵµĹܣֻǳûץסһ˿ѡ
Ҳڳס֡һ̣ϵܵ谭һɨȥļӿȥףףŰס
Ȼûоʹֹͣӣ
һǧףһǧףһǧס
ֱһǧŰʱֹͣ
ô¶̶ʱ䣬ȻһЩȻ̣ȷΪ׶һȦ֮󣬳ͷųԪڤ٣ѲɣΪԪڤΪԭ򣿡
ȻʣѾ϶Ԫڤٵԭ
ͨԭ򣬳ϿСȴǷСſһһţΪʲô£һȴСӣҲڱ󣬲ңſǡ
СڽϸЦݣСԴӺ̵ѪҲˣ۵䣬ʱһţɱ֮СɱΪϬ
ϽȡʯڵûоʹȥһߣҪСȫߣϴ۶׵⣬뽫һ۶İף׵ĺ׻һȫڣƴɱ֮ʱҲһɲﵡ
ʵжһױԳΪģ˷ӿ룬ӿ뵤ǰ׵ġ֮֡С
׽۶İףǻ緢İףȫȥ
һֻ̣ȥʮʱ
һۣ۶İףٲ˿Ӱ۳ҲǿտҲױ˸ɸɾ
۳￴ȥһЩɫʯĴڣ⣬ϵһʱо̺ĻԪ൱ḻЩʯ϶Ǳ
һ֮£ϿʼʯָװһָָЩʯ۳ذߵʯͷһ࣬Ҳóϳװ䡣
װһֺ֮ʱк¡ըȴǴŭ۳ѿ۶ԥأץסСǻȥ
ɴʱ죬ûˣ
۾һݣһȣתӿΪ⣬ɽȥЩҲʯȵȣסϵȥ·
ԽԽңӰ˲ơ
һʱ֮󣬳ϳɽףһʹ⣬ֱУ̤ھ֮󣬳¿ȥֱһȺɽڻԭŨҲƶ
üǰĪɽԪŨԭɽ٣պɹֽɽںδϵûк˰ףȡȻȡ
ޱ䣬ͻʲôֱ綴ķȥߡʩչ˼£ﻹܣȺɽ˷ȥ綴ȻҲУҪ綴֮ǰϵһ̽
Ƭ֮󣬳ϵ綴ֱԾھŲ㡣
ھŲ磬ȻϬֱϵھŲ㣬ֻ¸߽ͱ˺ѳһƬһƬɡȻЩͣȴֽܶĳϣһӰ졣
ֱߵڣԨУŭХ۾Ŵ͵أԾȥ
ո˵󣬳磬ûκηʼԳϵһҲκβס׹ǧ֮󣬿ʼоϮ֮ʹ
Ԩס
ٴǧ׺ڳϸ˿ڣѪɳϸоģ磬磬ԨľͷʲôĪǣҲһзӲɣ
Ϻ˼֮ʱɽıڴ綴綴ըԨҲžžž죬ӱˣ֪ʱǳΣգһҧ׹ȥ


633 ɽ٣ѹ
˹ʱҲҲ̽ľǣǲġ
׹ףҲǱˣ
˸֮⣬䡣
ԨıڣҲűϼ֪²ΪٲҪ׹ɾҪȡ
ǺһתϷȥ
һ˲䣬ԭͿҵ磬ͻֵҰұըѣȴ㣬ЮźƥܣֱϮϡ
ٶ֮죬ǳϵġߡѾʩչ£ǳ״磬˲͸˳ϣֱҪУһ֡
춯֮ʱһǧŰ׵زٶһٿ죬ȴȻȲٶȣ֮٣ʵ̫죬þˣ
һΣֱӿͷ
۾üëһľƣɱۻҪΣգǰնɱǣܹӡ
ɴʱѾˣȴӲ
ӲˣӲˣϵִ־ˣһȣһ˲Ҫûʱͣ˽Ų˵ɽ𺣶ˣҲˣ绹ţҪȡ𣿡
ͣȻԴС
ʵϻûͣ²֮ǰڿʼ׼ˣһͣ˫֮䣬ȻۼһУֱ
һ֮ȻںײҪи˺ãͬʱ绹ųȥ
棬оʯ¡
ʯʵأֱӱʵ÷飻ʯڳϣҲ࣬ʯûһķѣ
磬ԽԽ࣬俴ȴܸоĴڣϿԽԽѣܷУһĻӾҪ֮С
Դ˹磬ϻ֪֮ԼǿӣǺ֮£ặȻ˺Ѫ飬ͬǾʯһ㡣
䣡
ըԨײʱըϣ·ƵһرϣңԨײıըԨеɽͷҲըֱϮϡ
ҹҹʱʱ̿ֺɽͷɵʯȻһ㣬ɽͷ˵Ҳʮ
ȻϽ۽ȥܹۼİٶǣİٶͱʮɽͷУȫ£ܾʹжϳһ¶û
ǰлʵɲǡ
ʱ̣ϷǷ˿һƬǰüҲչϽȫÿһŸŨȵٽ֮ۻסﴦһƴУƾǿ豬ըķ֮ƿɽͷ緶Χ
ϼþȷкܴղ¶ֻܵˡ
Ȼ򣬾ɽͷ£Ҫʵʩжһɲǣ⣬ûмУʱɽͷڳϺϣһġꡱԨ𣬳Ͻҧס촽ӿѪ
ûڷѪɽͷ˲䣬ϻǧԪڤ٣סɽͷǧԪڤ֮Уһ
ͬʱϽضϵֱҪ̽ȥȴɽͷ֮˫Ȼʯһб֮ֱڿա
ոǵߣͱɽͷǰʱһĺ¡ը죬Ԩصɽͷ˷ĩҲ˸ɸɾȦԨҲҪһ
ڸ߸ߵľ֮УѪŨԼƵʲţûȥעԨ״ֻעţ磬Ǹǧһʱ򣬳֮Է֮ǰļƻΪ뵽һҪ⣺εģǿģֻܹоܱѹΪʲôܣ
ôһ룬ϱӿԴԴϵĺʹѹ磬ҲСɽƬѣ֮䣬ȴǲཫɽľӵħޣȫߣȻǣҵһ·ɽһʱ䣬Ⱥ޿񱼣ڶǵǹ޳ΪӴ󡭡
Ȼÿһֻħ޶ܻʵģܵģܷɵģȻͱɽ
綴ǸԨѾȫˣըǾ춯أһը죬óϵĶ䣬Ѫҧ˵أ߷ɱѹ磬ﻹղը죬˴󣬾ȻҶ䶼Ѫ
˵صĳϣ֪Ԩľͷһѷ죬ѷγ˱Ϊǿ󣬸ķ磬ѷܳܳÿ˶ĵز
ϿɽһҲʹ·ģ֮գҪһɽ׳ԪŨĵططʹӱòֻһɽˡ
һĨ֮ӳ۾һѪӳ£ȴѹѶ̫ڽţϲм֣ݡ
ʱȥҵ֮䣬֮ħޣϵнǧֻϵĸǺѹѹģƣϵĻǵµģܴɽӳģ㶼ħ͵ƷףףǾŽ߽ף˽׾ŽҲ١
һħ൱ǿǶǵǴȺսôһȺħڣֻ²սʮˣƴɱ֮УҪ֮
֮䣬û˵ʲôֻ֮ųɵЦеУСһߴСʱҲѹ£ϳԪֻôһߴСţûһɫûʲôҺ֣ͿյظڳС
ϺǸţ̺ŵܣ൱ֲ
ֻǣţȴ޴ţϻܰ̽ȥܽסⲻеţòûпƵġ
֮£ֻýУ߱ѹ͵ţ
ͬʱϵԺﻹԨһĻĻ
ȥķһɽҪ֮ЩħޣһһɽǰһɽѪɱ¾潫˶ɱˣ˸ҷ˿̳ǹһɽӦ𵽲ٵðɣңϻ֮⡣
һأ϶Ϊ֮ززҾͷ֮ɱһɽ֪ܲ뵽һڵһڣӦһȤ°ɡţǸЦݣ޸ϵơ
ɽըʧ½ϣ𾪣˷׷ڲ²ɽʲô£е˵ɽ˰ɫе˵ɽ˲ҵսָĲ²⣬ʼڶ²֮Уܶ˶ţɽըʧںδ
ûиϵһɽĵӣüһ壬ת
һ׷ųϵټǱŵ˶
ϹܿԽԽ
һɽϣ˾ǰǿѵƣһŨɱ⸱״̬Ѿˡ


634 ٶȱչأܿؼ
˾ƴӰ߳лżҰģҪһƵһδйĸ߶ȣʦ׼ƽ·Ϊˣ˻ɣ˴ɽѪȷ磬ԲпֶΣҪеߣȫšһֻһں
ɳŴۣһҪһżϸ𣬽һڴƻնɱ£ˣѡھŷھŷ壬պίԴΡ
Ȼ򣬰˴ʽߣּƵĽϢʱ˾бӿǣһ֮նɱ˴ʣʵһսȻ˾ƲѾôǿŶһʱ䣬ܱ֮죿
ΪǶǵǸϸΪ
ڣ߷Ϣ˵ɽ˾ƵĵһӦȻΪҪôǸϸҪôǹص
ߣһڵĵֽţϷ𡣡˾ҧ˵ȫ׷ƺǹṩϢߣ͡
߷ۣ֪֮߷Ѿ䣬ڽʾ֭ƵټýնɱϹһۣѾųСննԴնϹһۣϹ崫ǸϢ˼תǵ¶Ц˵ͶҪһȵˡ
꣬۵ӰڰƼƮ˸񱼵ķҪϹҵıؾ֮·ҪȽɱƣҲֻǵľԶ
Ϣ˵Ӷһ룬¶Ц֮ǰû׷ϣһأҾͲţ׷ϣ֮ˣϢֻµһӦҪȥϹҰɣȻ֪ǰ壡
һ£ϹҸȥ
˶ü֮Ҳѡһ·
ʱһɽָжݵıչɽԭֻһЩΪͽ׵ħ޴ڣȴУޣ˸ͽɽ֣ߣֻ·һΪȴ֮Ϊϻȥš
ƣɽԪԶϻۣ磬ŵȴĿԪˣûȫ£ֻ߷ˮ۵Ԫ̷۵Ԫˣ̺ȻǷͬһ㣬Ԫ˵ִͨһǬָָͨ
⣬ߡǴȴҲһͨˣϹʮϵҲ뽫о̤ɽȵȼȥԱʵ
ֻϧЩϵڣǼ㲻
ɽһУ࣬ӳձ˺ɡļֵͲܼ㣬֮⣬շ˰𣬵õһͷЩʯҲ򵥡
ǣˡ硱Ȼͷ׽͸֮⣬ΪҲóϰ˼⣬Ԫڤ۵Ϊ˵󲿷ΪԪڤڣȴҲв٣óգ˵һ˵õΪ϶ܹͻƶʣǴԲʣ˵һ
ǳΪͣڶ֮ǸֻǸһЩˣȻ⣬ȴûĻţǰҪʱ䣬ҲǺóó
״ϸоһơܹ۵ӡ֮ˣȭȵҲ΢б仯ͨһȭ֮Ҳӣӷȣ൱СһԪھйˮѡ
ͨ󣬳ЪϢ״̬ȡԽеõʣöӣöӣһöͷŵĽ⣬ܲһ㣬һöǺܹ죬ܹƳȦãԳ˵ǳҪ
ʮʱĹ򣬳һ
󣬳ϼȦֻӳһһӴȦȦ˿¶ЦݣһϬĹֶΣ˷ʤ
ͷųââҲϬ𶼻Ҫһ㣬âʵҲٴ֪ܹܲ𡣡
˼ΣϷͻ֮ʱȻͨ£ĻΣòƴ̣֮Ǿˡ
ֽڵȡ˳Ѫڵһ̶óԪʯʯȵȸڵɣڵɵԪʯٶ൱죬Ҳ൱󣬳һ֮£óԽĳԪˣҲ˺ڵ
ڵԽԪˣֿʼǰԵϲһԪ̺ŵ̫ҲҪڵһˡ
ȺڵԽԪȫڵʹΧţ˳˯֮Уϼ״ٿССڽУɻȫ
ϿǱɼؽһб֮ζԺһȻ֣ҲؽȡѪ棬أ۾ô󣬿Ѫһʱ䣬Ѫ͸
ؽƬѪ㰲ˣֽƬѪؽƬѪ֮仯ɳƺǸܵ˿΢ϵ
ֱչգƴɱľ飬ȡ󣬳Ծɽй֮䣬Ⱥޣֱɱһɽȥһξܽһڵĸָһ򾡣ֻߴһ롰ǿļٽһڵµĵӣɱһڵĺ֮ԴһڴƲӵľƣҲûʲôˣʮ꣬һ֮ƾͻ¶
֮·Ǹɽ룬ΪƫƧȻĻǿҪĪ䶯
ңһ·У֮仹ڲͣʩչȺ޵ĶҲԽԽӴ󣬲Ʒ׶ϵ߽ͣħ޻ǱȽ١
Ҳڳƹضĵ죬ϹܿҲ糾͵ػص˼Ϲܿһˣһ·ϣȻ˲鷳гһֻ֥ɺ棬ϹܿȻ
Ϲܿлǧ֮ʱϹ峤ȼҪԡӭӡȻӭӡӭӣȴҪסϹܿٴӡ
ϹܿǸоеĲԾûκηһ·Ϲﰵ˵ϹҵδͿ˵ȵһЩֻǳĬޱ飬ص˵Ҫס
ˣܿȥԺ
ϹܿüһԺƿһ䷿ڴϣɫ԰ף㲲ѵףʱứһȥףôˣ
ܿ׼ѵ֣Ůͷ촽䶯Ҫ˵ʲôȴΪ첻֣Ҳ˵ңٺڵѪϹܿ˴ţæֲţʵףʲô
ܿĸ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ףҪסŮһܽκõġ
ϹܿĻ䣬ſˡžžžһ仰ǸТ˳ŮҿˣжѡϹܿͷһ˵֮ˣҷ磡


635 ĸ
㣡
Ϲܿ˲ͱƣӣɢޱȱϢϹܿҷһ̣ղ׵飬ԵĿ⣬˲ʲôˣ뿪֮ʱ׶ǺúõģȴͻȾزԴΣڵϦⷬ䣬϶ǰ˷ֲ
ңԵһˡҷ类ϹܿɭĿ⣬Щ飬ȴϲЦݣ٬˵
Ϊʲô
ʲôΪʲô
ʲôҾͺˣΪʲôҪǣ棬ܴĥ
ҷɫ㵣޹˵ģܿԩˣҵ㣬պϵģ㲻ڣұ򲮸⡣
ܿҷ˵öģˡ
ģ˺ݶµ֣ϹܿǸֻϹ壬ŮΪ˼壬ŮãҲãʲôóĸףǱкǿ
Ϲ֮ɫת˲ţΪϹ壬ֻҪüԻͣʹҷǣҲںο
˵ȴǺȵܿ˺͵˵
㡪ϹܿŸףջ۽ǵ飬ɭһһ˵䡪ҡ

ϹȳϹܿȴǲᣬתӣҪױ˵ףŮߣ뿪ĺǣŮһὫκõġ
ܿĸѹϹܿţоб˸أܿĸ׿ŮĿǵǣƺȰ˵ŮҪô
ϹŮ˾ٶŭϹܿס
ҷȴµؿһУԺֵ︡ڶǣϹܿΪǸƣִųȥĻ棬ֻǸտʼѡ
Ϲܿųһֻ֥ɺ棬Ϲ˵ԶԭģԶֶΧǰһȺ˺ȵ˭Ҫң˭
Ϲܿ߱Ϲĺ֮ˣֱӵϹܿǰϹܿǰһ˵㲻Ҫҡ
ܿҷкβãһھӢӣ޸һ㶼ί
ֻм壬ֻҰģŮϹܿ߳ȵٲÿͱҲ˵꣬ϹܿŸ׵۾ʾ
ҷ翴Ϲܿͷų֥ɺ棬вһţڶǣۿЩӵǿޱȣ䣬֥ɺѾһɶҷ磬ϹȺŸġ
ϹܿҪϹɫ䣬ûϵŮȻĸ¶ҷǼźܿ㲻𣿡
һԣϹܿϽȳ֥ɺͣϹŰԼұŵ֥ɺ棬ɣܿǲɱңˣǸƻ϶ܳˡ
ţϹϣǸЦݡ
ҷǿѾĵɤ۶Ҫ̴֥ɺ棬ŵܿûõҩȣһغˣҪ㱧ˣ֮ڣûеҩûǿ߶Ԫױ٣ȫʧ
ҩ
ҷ˵ǷвĻΪϹܿģȴϹܿвϹҷΣգǾ죬ҷļ己ټƻռ൱Ҫĵλæ˵ܿú
Ϲܿ۵һĸף˵û˵ʸ񡣡켴ҷȵûģ
ܿҪɱңͱõҩ
ʱгӰһϹ棬ϹĹ֮ɫһнΪľһ̩ȻЦСѾͷϷȰ㣬СջȥҪȻǰɾĵˡ
˵ţͷųн۵ѹʱϹҲڿվȣֱϹ˵ӣѣϹܿɫһƬ԰ף֥ɺҲڲɢɱȴŨ̶ġ
о֥ɺɱһЩСӣЩ򵥡˵ţһץ㽫ҷ絤ﴦ֥ɺץУо
ϹܿһƬȻ֪ʲôΪѹ붫н۵ѹƣϹܿû뵽ҷȻһǿߣ֣Щ֥ɺȻǣ˵Ķ֣ղ¶һ֣ھϹܿסɧҲѣֱ徰ɱȥ֥ɺ棬һɨЩˣ³֣ɣ
ҷˣд󶨣Ϲܿ˵ĻЦˣЦֻҪܺһ𣬲ܶôıɣҶԴΪ١
ϲ֥ɺ棬ȴ˵˼СѾͷЩСӣӴ˿𣬾Ϸˡ˵꣬һԪϢһֻ֥ɺͻھߣ֥ɺƴҪǰǾ壬ȴǶð֡
Ϲܿɫٰףû֥ɺ棬Ĵ͸ΣˣҷҲЦų˹Ц˵ڣ㻹в𣿡
еľٴ˵ƻɣԽԽã
ǣۡϹūձϥ켴Ӱһʧ˿Уȥо֥ɺ棬ϹϹʹ˸ɫҲ̤նȥϹϹܿ˵ܿѾҷƸѾãʮպΪҷٰ񡭡
ܣ
ϹܿԺȴ˳ϵݡ
ĸ֮ɲ㲻ӦϹҪж䣬ȫȻûе㸸Ů֮顣
ҷЦϹܿ㲻ТŮ𣿲ĸΣڵϦȴĸڲˣֻҪҳףұ֤֮գǲĸȬ֮ա
ܿ׵У벻ȣȫһ֮䡣Ϲ˵ַԸ½Ϲܿס׼߳һתˡ
ҷ缥ЦؿϹܿϹܿȵȥȥ
Ϲܿҵˣ˭ҲߣúϢʮ֮󣬾ǵĶҹˡҷ˵һ䣬ֽϹܿһ˵ʮ֮ǸǾ֮գ
ҷЦţ˳ȥﻹţƣһأ˭ҲȲ㣡Ҫ㿴ҺܿףȻɱ
е˶֮ϹܿˮҲƲסرʳźףŮҸô죬ô죿
ܿĸ׵۽ǣҲžӨ飬ƴ촽ſҧԾϹܿ״󾪣æֹףף㲻ŮŮᡭġ
һﾡǧУ


636 Ϣ·
ϹҵϹܿһڵľӢҷ磬ʮ֮󣬽д飬ؽ֮ã
ϢԷɿٶȣܴɢȥٶ֮죬νһߺһ㣬õϢ㱻죬һ˼ҳʱһСҲõϹܿҷҪ׵Ϣ
ңϢʱ̻ȻϹԴ˾ͺһϹϵҪٷǱ۵ϹҽҺͷңؼң֮һԼ˷ֽ߲ѡ
ΣȴڵõϢ֮ŰݷϹǵľ⣬Ϻôһ񣬻ȦӣĨǵرҪǰĶԹһʹ˼
ϹȻֵ÷ǳǿƣ֮ﳰЦǹལҼŭȴòﻹţΪʲôûһŮҲ޸һڵӣͲϹˡ
ҼǰݼǴδй飬رǻܹӣָϹӼᶨߵ·ǶԵģ֮ǰһУǶԵġ
ҺͷˣؼõϢЦţһʱؼҪ̣߾ϵľƣѾԽԽˡ
ϹҪĵزٰⳡμӣһţܶ߶ǰ񣬾ԽҲǰ񣻾ǵ٣ҲɳˣǰأȻĿģǡءѾ´֮ͨڣ㲻һ飬Ժӣͽޱȵˡ
ʱϻһɽȥ
һ죬Ҳʮ֮еĵڶ죬־һϪϪ߰ˣΧһϪʲôϱᣬֱ̤նм֣ȴޱĶζҡ
ǼֱǣϹܿס
ϪߵҲۿеǵӰ㿴ǵӰ׹׹֮ƣޱȣ˴󾪣˻˿Уһâ˸ȥ˸óҪϡ
أһߣڿеųǰݵٶڴϣȴûзһҳҲûըš
ţžžž죬ڵϣҳôĿӣ߽еķʩչƱʲôסˣ߽ٿ³ɫ䣬ֱ¡
ʵղ˵ʲô
֪λش𣬳Щһأ߽ӣ£ȫݽ˴Ҫٴε˻ȥ
Ǹղ˵ģ˵һ顣
ǰ֣ò׽ȥΪλҪЩСأһˣί˵˵ɫҲѿ˭ǰˣͲܵеģҲ˼ֻһָͷҪǰ˸˵С
ʲô񣿡ɻ
ղѿڶػشϹҵܿСһڵҷ֮񰡡
仰Ժʱһзɱֹص׵оŨɱ־嵽£ҳһڡ
飬ԭԭ˵
˵˭ҿ˵ǰϹҷǰȥμӣа죬ǳ֮ա
죿۾һݣ˲⣬ȲæȥһڣĵȥϹңٶȸȥֹⳡϹܿŮˣ˭ҲȾָһ䣬ʲôϢ
˽ҡͷͻأ˵ֵˣǰʱ䣬ϹܿزΣڵϦϹܿСؼҡ

һʣת䣬˸Ǳ㸡ЦһڣϹҾԸ̤Ȧߣ
꣬Ͼƣңģ˵˵Ķһ࣬ѹƣϪжʱǧˣԾգй֮䣬ٸϹҡ
֮䴵ں
ѾȥʧӰˮڽǰ˻ɢǰģǷѾǧõ࣡
໹ڻţ˶ʱϲһ͵ش˳ץס࣬󺰵࣬ץˣô࣬϶ܻòٺñҪȥһƷ
ʣµˣûлֻǿųȥķ˼ţǰ˵ʦ֣Ǿøղǰ졣
ҾҲǣͻһ£벻
˸˵꣬Ա˾һȣ
Զôˣ
ղǰ˭ˡ
˭
ɵǰ

һ뾪ȣ켴г־ϲЦݣڿǰû뵽ҾȻԵܿǰܺ˵ϻ
ʱѾǰĻ棬ȫˣǵĻ˵󶼲Уʱٴ˳ȫʧﻹɳ˵ʲôǰ켴ֿϵ࣬ϲôץģ
ǰǵġ
ǰĸǰһţҪסһͷ࣬Ҫ֣ȴͻתȣʲô˵ǰǰ
˲ԼͬصͷһۣЦѣԭǰֲãһ㷴֮ûУǰû뵽
˵ţȴ˵ȥɫǴ䣬ΪĶﴫ˺¡¡Ĵ۾ﻹɽҰħޣǣ졭

һ˺ԥ˸ղǿ߽ҲϽӴ꣬ǧħ糱ˮ
Լʱ֮󣬾긦İ˸ˣСشղһĻ棬Ǹ𶯣ÿ˵ɫ԰ޱȣ˲֮ЦݣΪ࣬úõġ
ع֮ͷ֮˸ղŵ¶˵װ࣬ٶȣϹңҲǿΪǰһ¡
ǡ
ң񱼡
УʩչһġߡһǧףŰУ֮ȻǸϣǧħ޸ںҲʮ㡣
ܿңһܿ쵽кܼǹɷŭҪپ½֮ˮϹܿһĻĻԺޱس֣㲻¶ģġ
ҹ񱼣һ˿ҲϢ˿񱼾գϹҲԶӣţʣϵ
ʱһƲըƣϷڴ˵Ⱥʱˡ켴һͷڳϿ񱼵·ϡ


637 Ѿ
ͷӰӰ֣ƣŵЦݣΪԤϵĶȷģµ˾ʦֵͼǰһصƣԼھŷӵˡ
Ȼ򣬹ͷ۲ûпɪɪһЩ΢΢ľĺ⣬ڹͷ۲Ϊʲôɺ֮ʱһ֣
ʲô
ͷĿ࣬ģȷǸ֣ŷŭҧ˵Сӣ˵ʲôٸ˵һ𣿡
ĿˣϹܿȥȣֻʱ䣬ȴڴˣס·Ϲܿһ⣬ᷢħ
ͷ۾һ䣬ȡһѴͷЦ˵֪Сǹһͷ룬㻹ܲô񣡡

˵꣬ʵжûΪǰۻֵã֮һֱѹţҲûӳȥͬͷ۲ܵ˴
µһɲǣϱʩչŨŨİף׽ԲʮȫΧʱͷ۸оԼˣ첻ȥ
ңЩ׻ֱһֱۻ֮У
ͷ۾ȸΪ쭶ϽȦֵס׵ۻ֮ͬʱǸʩչһնն׽
ᣬһʩչףϵıԪڤ٣ԪڤӿһƬɫʹɫӳĵٺÿһԪڤٶͷ۵ϲȥ
ĹʽһƵģһնˡͷûЩԪڤ٣һնȥʲô벻ڣָչ£þʦϹҺڲѡ
о̤
һȣ˲̤Ų˵ɽһ֮ǰϵġо̤һ˵̫󣬵ڣȫͬնϾ̤ùͷȫһͣڵѪ⣬Ҫһ
ͷ⣬Ҳþһ߲ͣζҪȣ֮ʱԪڤٲϣ飬˲ͽΧͷ۾ԼΪ½Щֻţͷ۲ͣ˵ô¶ӵΪôڽͣʲô١
ϲȥᣬֻǹ糱ֱĳ֣չ֮Ҳ֮УϢƺƶֱͷ۵ӣ׹

ͷ۲پȣʼ쵽ƣеǰöԸҪƴպһ֣һǡһơ¡
޴ӡžӡ̩֮ɽѹ㣬⺷ѹ¡
ͷ۸о澪ϽںԪǸ۳ɽֵϡһơ
һơľӡ֮˲ȫǻڱø󣬱øӲɽֱһƸĳ飬ǸϣǸôһֺµζ档
ͷ۵ӣ֮£ֱĵֱ׹ڵأͷڴţܣҵ̫֮ɽױ٣
֮תɷŭһۣƴɱʼһֱ·磬δ棿һĻ˵ֻ֪Ҫ
Ҫ
ŲȥĹͷۣһ仰û˵꣬ͿǰҺ飬£Ȼ˵ͷ۶ԳʩչĶСӣͷΪԼзȦڣЩͻأҺ飬ӦòʲôЧ
һЦ˫˫ŽھҺϮͷ۵ķȦ֮ǰͻһʱͷ۵ķȦرٵøɸɾ
ͷ۳Ԫ֣Һ㱬ը¡¡ıըըùͷͷĿѣǺʵƤ֮ϣ˺ۣһֱŹͷƶİҲ׽֮ٵùͷ۲ѣѪԼٶȣɫת䡣
ԪڤԾΪͷ۵ΪѾԲʾǸԵشٽ£ԪҲŵ÷ɿ죻ͷ۲ҽ죬ڶ
ͷ˫֣˫ֳɵͣնŲϵԪڤ٣ҲͣʹԪͼԪڤȫը٣Ԫڤ֮ѾǰͷҪ֮£նԪڤ٣նϵԪڤ٣һΪΪġ
ɱԪڤ٣ٴβϡ
ԪЩãԪڤڴر׻ٵɹͷţԱٶȣš
Һըڹͷ۵֮󣬹ͷ۾ƸΣԪҲʹãҺС߰㣬ϣ̲ѣͷ۵壬ûгǰǿ
ͷڵëףͨСεʲôطͷ۵ǴͿʼٻţҺ͸ȥŹͷ۵ȵȡ
رѪǻӷÿ졣
ͷóǿͣȴޱȹĹסˣȻڲͣطĺڣѾӿͷغŨ
ϲûʹ֣ͣš㲡Ҫĸԣʩչߡֱͷۣ˲伴ֻ̺Źʮ˫ţڹͷؿϡ
飡
ͷ۱ҽ˴³ѪֱоԼ߹ǣѾȫȶϣңҲڰסҺԪڤٵĹ֮£˥Ϸת䣬֮;ȥ
ͷȫˣǹս־ûʧ뽫صսûȡơһжѾѭأѭǰ
ͻȻϳǰͷ澪ѣ㡭
ֱӾȭͷǡȭֻǡȭȭͷۻ£һ飬ͷѾòˣѪϪˮһӹͷ۵ȥҺҲյŸڵѪ⣬һһںѪ
Ϊֻʣһ֮Ҫۣ˻֮
󣬻һȭϹȭֱӽͷ۸˴أ˴֮ϣǰǸҲɢһߣ۵ѡ
صϺ󣬳ϿǱĹͷһۣԪڤ٣˸Һ˰ףȥתߡ
ͷ۳طŭˣǶһӣ裬ȸղм֮ƴɱ֣ͷƴվץǸȫԪǸ߾ڿգﻹȵƣӻûսûн㲻ߣ
Ѿˡ
ͷ۵ŭֻõ˳ôһ䣬ͷ˻һ㶣Ѫɫ˫ۣƨⲻǻúúõ𣿡
䣬ͷ۾͸о˲ԾСʲôĸߴ壬Ȼ䣬ķѿѳ顭
ͷ۵ǿԪˣδȫƻĴָҲըһУץ̤գʩչߡȻȥ


638 ж
ͷ׼˸տʼһУû׼̣û׼
۵Ϊڳǰȴ޻֮һֱѹŴɱ似֮ûüʩչͱֶΣȻնɱӱѪ飬ڿеǡ
Ƿһʱ򣬹ͷۿܻһΪϻһġʲôֻϧʱĳϣֻٶȣϵϹܿߡ
ˣ赲ڳǰһУᱻȻݻ٣
ͷˣҲˣ˾Ƹŭˣһصķŭûбֳ쳣侲ЩǲΪĳɳô죬Ǿ;ԲɳȥҪһпܣɱɱǿ϶Ǹϸ˾ƶϸݣҲ²⵽߰˷֣˭ֻҪһԣɣ
ʱ˾ƣȻ֪ҷϹܿ£֪˻ᣬǰɱ˼κ˾÷ɢۣȫٶȣϵϹңܸʲôۣҪնɱң˾ƻǵصǧӣٽ֮ǰѡ֮õǧһڵӣյһ֮ǳһзԾٶȣϹҡ
ˣ˾ƻ»ֻҪȥμҷϹܿ״ߣҪһ֣նɱƣ˭նɱк񱨡
˾˴ΪնɱƣҪնɱϸңҪ֮ǰ˴û£һɸɾﻹȻɽѾˣɽҲûдڵıҪ콣ɽɽȵȣȫΪһڵķֶ棡
ϻȫϹҸȥһ·ϣϣǵ£洦ɼϹҵӰʩչߡĳϣٶ죬ÿ˵ǰһֻоз߹ιһʵӰʧǵҰԼ
һĻ˵𾪣о̾ģղŹȥ˭ٶȾȻ֮죡ƾٶȣҸҿ϶λǰһǿߣ
ҲбĵģԼķзѣʲôŵģҪǸҳ䷨ãҲ˦һʮǧŹ֡
вģҪƴһƴرЩззģǽ߷ɵ£ֱ׷϶ȥ˼״ϷɿȻҲƴԼٶᵽ죬Ҫȥһ
ƴٶȵ֮УȴպһԴ֮һʥŵľӢӣûУΪ˲ã꣬ȴѾǳΪ˵֮Ϊţһ㶼ΪȻܺͳȡ
ʥŵӳڱڣһߣΪߣȴиñãһò޵ŮӣΪˣΪһ£ԥչĹƣҪŮӵţ䷼ġ
ľʥŵΪƾԼΪ׷Ůӣǻֵ֪ŮӸûǽԶ֮
˵ԽǵòԽҪõľʹ˻ĿüһЦ֪˷ľǲŹһӽŮӣ˳Լǿʵ
ⲻľŮӴ꣬С㣬ֻٶȼ죬λûܿͬУұ֤òʱ䣬ܸϵϹҡ
ľհ⻰˵꣬ϵӰʹԱһľŮӣһŮ΢һѵõضľ˵һ仰Ҫ׷ˣұҵ֡
á
ľ⻰ɴ˼ѪһѪѣ˵С㣬һͬУŮüͷһ壬һչ켴̬ӯڡУľŮġֱ֮ܳУ˷ܵ˵С㣬㿴ţô׷ǸˣԶԶ˦ں档
ŮӲÿɷľҪ֮ʱֿһȺˣǵصĳһӰٶȷɿ죬ľЩɻ󣬱㿪ѯʣɣҲǰǵӰʱͷڵѪΪˣţҵգҲܹ²˷ģڱǰҫľ֮
꣬ľƷԪʯһԪǰȥľˣһĻǾһззǰѵһޱȣȴһ˲٣һƷ൱ߵġ
еߣľķ۾̰Ŀ⣬Ѿ⣬ǻҲһ棡
ϲ֪ΪϹܿٸ·һʲô䶯Ӱڰﴩ󣻶֮䣬ȻǸ߽ʣٶȴЩΪһߣһʩչšԽԽħޣ뵽޳ôʱѾħޡ
֮ȻƫƧ֮·Ҳ˲˵ע⣬Ҷ׷һȺħ޵ȥ
նɱͷֻۣȡԪ˺ʹָǰǸ˵ϣ֮ͷ۵֮ȥϹҵıؾ֮·ϡ
ܲңǸͬʱ˷֣ǸһƷȻǾ˲֪ǸƷףȴ֪Ǹ϶򵥣һѪɱɱķΧԽԽ㣬ǣҲԽԽ࣬öȥϹҺߣʱԼıĿģֻһһǸʮˣˣǧˣˡ
Ϫйһ֮ԵİߣҲƴɱУǸձһУյý㱻ǵصĹɱٻһظ桭
ʵˣʵȴΪһǸ˾벻ģҪЮҲնɱļƻǴӰ죬ۿۣϹҵȴǳɻΪʲô죬ûأЩڱе˶û
Ҳǲ֪һûдɨɾս֮£һѪɱ
ٶȹȻ죬ȻҧסϵӰҲҧסһŵӰľ׷һˣȴǸϲϳϣֻԶԶʧҰľֱʧ棬ҲȥֺŮӣֻƴ׷ﻹǰ󣬵׷㣬ǵúúýѵһ
ŮӵȣȴصúܺãľһҲûз֡
ϹңϲķΧϹܿĸŮϹܿûпޣӣȴϹܿţǧϹ֪ܿϵʵͻͽֱΪϲн۵Ķ֣ľȻףֻ۾ɢģȴһɾȻֻŮˣ㣬˭Ҳңǽ׵Ĳҽκãұ㡭
ϹܿȡǿģֻǺ룬ٿһۡ


639 Բὣ
գ˼Ȣ
ҷѽװ룬ϲЦݣŲӣߵϹܿķ䣬ϹܿЩӡѾȫ棬װҲûʲôûɴŭŶȵϹܿΪ׵Ĵãúõϣʱ֮ǰ㻹ûдãǰҳĻʲôĺ
һݻ֮ҷˤŶߣҧгݵ˵ţһǰʱҿ㻹ǲߣ
켴ҷƣ᲻أҷ뵽нۣ뵽ϸϵһһڵӣ뵽ƣɱƣȢܿЦݾͲסش˳ڶǣɱʮߣһһڵӣɲЩݰܱȵģֻҪÿһ˶ĵˣҿ˭㡣
ҷ˵ŵʱ˶ŵӸϵӸ㵽ֻųϵ١
Ϲ緢·𿴵Ϲΰ׳ڱҲͰ޼¶Ժ󣬸˿û뵽ϵӣʮûгԷŮ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת뼪ʱֻʣһʱѾϹҰڳϯֱǶװӵ˳⣬ȵʮַḻ
Ϲܿͭǰһľż㣬ѾŮӰڲ
Ϲңֻʣ°ʱûֱӳȥ侲ŸôûΪԼİΣǣֻϹܿ·Ϲܿ׶أϹܿͬʱ϶Ҫףһ£Ϲ̶Ѩǵɽ𺣣ɱһĻϹܿĸŮĴΣա
һǾͱߣԶƬɱ¾ңҪϺ棬סˡţüͷȴŮӣߣ϶Ҳ߲˶ԶʱԻᱻǣҲٶȣ͡
ţϵֳһӰӣһգۼ䣬͵˳ߣӰӣľġתšǳһĨЦݡ
ʱľҲųϣȹ۲ǳϵϢʩչˡϢϢΣľ￴ȴҲΪΪ಻Ҳǳһ룬бΪţֲ鿴ϵķзɿ˰죬ʲôҲûпΪѾз켴ľ￴˳ǵЦﲻһǡԣľﵱȻ¶ɫȵʲôˣȻһֱҵǰ棬ϽǸȻͱҶ㲻
ľ߸ϣָʹΪʥţλĸߣڶʦʦûʦʦ㶼ݲѣʦǸǰмӣҪʲô͸ʲôʲôһǶԻǴҲΪˣĿһУϰߡ
˵ʥţеӸľӣ˵Ľ֣ʹҲˣʱľҲϵʥŵеһԱ߼˵ķУͶԳϳˡ
ľĻЦݣˣľﱻЦ飬ȴ߳ŭغȵЦʲôϽǸҪƲԳԷơ
Ϊֵú˵ľȫûע⵽߼˵ɫѾ䣬һʱ䣬ŻָȴȻ΢ĲҰ֮ɫΪղžȻǰΪľĶ֪ʲôĺǺԤϡ
Ҳע⵽Ůӵɫ仯ȴΪ⣬ֻǿ˵˵ٶȱ죬ǰ棬ҪҵǸ

ϵͷʾ˷ǳͬ⣬˵ǰ߼ںҪзҲͱøˣ𣿡
ľһûùЩס
䷳ؽ͵仰˵ǣҸǸз
ӣľˣɫһӱҪҵġ
Ӳȷʵ񽣣⣬˵Ҳ
ҡ
ľġֻûгڣȻֹΪ߼ˡߵǰһϹޱᣬľû˵СŮޣǰ

ľﾪһΪ޵̬ȣΪ޿ƵǰľȻȽϿԴ󣬵˱컹ǲо޵ŮӣʵҲЩǿпǲ£ɾʵȻǰ˽ǰ
ϵͷޣҲΪ⣬ԹվһԣĿ⣬ȴɨڳϣţˣˡ޺ٷˣҲܽǰˣȴòǰ˵ķ⣬Ѿǹ½һһֻҲòһǰ
ľȻƵĴ˵ûм֮òҲͲ֪ǰ֮˭ֻǿ޶ԳˣվڳһԣжʻʱȼգݺݿһۣתԳϺȵôҪҵġΪ˭
ƣ
ʲôƣ˭Ͻ뿪ޣϽǸԼԼһٸ⣬ȻҹȻҾԶ֣㡭ľＤŭ˵˵һ룬ԺͻȻըơ֣;˵ЩϢ˲ޱȵظԺ
ľˣΪʲôҲη壬ޣɲһĵزǡҲǲóģԣȭ˲˵զˣΪһ㣬ҾͲô
޿Ҫӵľ¶֮ɫ
ľ￴޵ĳЦʱʧȥǣȻϳ֣ȵľѵѵ㣡ľ˫۳һѽкɫ֮𣬻Ϯˣֱն
ϻ֮ʱɱߣɱ˵ڣһȭǼ֮ıʱ÷飬ˣľӣҲֱȥҳһպýµĿӡ
ľ鵽ơĿֲץסġǰҲ£˵һƷ㡮ûϵȶɱ֣Ѱ·ƾղΪһǧζˣһ㽫֮˵
룡
ľһԣˣҲҪȥֳһֲηǿȨĸֻ̬ǣȴ˵ɱҵĻ͵űʥŵ׷ɱɣ
ʥţ
ϻЩȣûϵǰ˾ȻʥŵģǵǸʥŵĵӣԳһЦ˵ûõģҪǸɱұ㽫һɱˣֻڣҲɱˣȻʥŵĵӣҾû˵֮ɣ
˵ţҲͷųľʱɫ𾪵ء
ľ֮ҲЩȣҲһ䣺ԭҲһݵˣʥŵӣʲôĿģ


640 ҵŮˣ˭Ҷ
ľü֮ԼΧȴּ֮ڱɣǿʳһ㣬ǿľΪԪҲ١
ڳϵ֮£Ͳ
ľֻо˲ϵԪͱյݽߵľأæԪȡȴһ㶼ȡţľָϽõҩҩƷҲ̷ͣҩָԪ͸Ͽ첻ϱĵԪ
Ծӿ糱
ʱľЩƵЩ˵ģ˼ֻڻ֮䣬㽫Ƶ˾һʮĵز
˵֮һ
ǰƽȴǸһ㣬ľʱоѪҲڱٻѪÿ죬Ӱֱȫ¶ûоʹ˵ܵ˴δй裬ɨأŭֱͷǴغʥŵĵӣʥŲŹģҵҪٱ㡣
ľ⸱ӣľ϶ɵˣԼȷǰȴֵԼ˶ίƵģûʵȴҪ˿Ѱ·
۾Ҳһ˿֮⣬ԸľǱɣأûжľ֣ȴǳ֣ػ棬ȡľһξѪʩչˡֱԼԺʥſ϶н͵һŶӡ
Ƶһ˲䣬ľȻֹԺﴳǵӡֿ֣־֣۾ֱųϣûֱתָʹʱľ塢˼롢־ȵȣȫбĲҺ
ľСʹˣʥ֮󣬸ǧ谮һҩóԪʯóȵһжóνǸûоʲôˣȻҲûܹʹζܵˡ
ˣЩʹֱ࣬ľк֣ͣҪĥˣ˵˵ʲô˵
˵
³һ֣û֣ͣ޼״ʱȥȻĻɲģδֻʩչն似׸ϴ˾٣ȷʵСģϵϹܿİΣϾСĶΪ
Զ޿似ϳ֮ɫ
ľΪ糱ˮ㽫ΧʹһĲ֮˵˳ľ˵һȷʵûʲô쳣״ֶľ˵ԺôӦúȫҵһ֮䣡
ҡҡ֪
Ĵָޱ˵ľﻹжϽָ˳ȥ
ָתˣӰһǰܾæ˵ǰʲôԸ
ԪʯȫԪʯ
˵һһ㶣켴ûаԥ㽫Ԫʯȫ˳£˵һ䣺Զ˵ء
˵꣬תߣޡллǰȴһٸߣ佻Ԫʯ֮ôΪٶȻ죬ĵԪʯࣻȻϻŲٵƷԪʯΪԷһΪ˸ϹܿõԹ޻ڣǿƵȥˡ
һػһ䣺˭Ԫʯˡ£˱оһϢѹٿףʲôٶȣеԪʯ˳ֻӣѡ
̶ʱڣˣֻ޼ˣϰԪʯѹξתϹҵķ۾ｻ֯佣âӰֱȥ
ں֮䣬ޣٶȶȻӿ죬
ȥˣľ۾Ȼ˿־壬˸Ǳôʱľвӿ⣬ڲǰǰȳ֣ȻҲ䲻˾أΪʱã
ľﻹڻţٶȣصʥţԺǵӡ۾ɨޣĽ֮ɫУеֻԹޣ޲Ϊ⣬ȻȴǸҩ켴̤նȥȥķ򣬻Ϲҡ
ϹңϹܿվǰŬЦ˵ףңȥýҩϵĸףڲԣȴ棬Ϲܿĸ׵ˮȴôҲɡ
洫ߴ켴ӿʮˣǿϹܿȥ֯ޱϲȴϹܿģĵԽӱ
Ϲܿ͡ʽ֮ʱȴףȻҲǿϣѪ׵ߣϹܿŭһѾҪǺͷȴҷܿǴϲӣĸȻҪϷһҪĸأΪ˲ĸİΣЦݣ֪ҪЦݣҪЦǲĸҲкܴ⡣
Ƚκã
УȰóףȲĸҵĸ֮ȻòĸȻҷ˵ּ꣬һ䣬ϹܿҪףѡ񣬳˰˵ȥ
ҪǸʳԣһһӡϹ֪ܿǶƵһ˲ûѡȨֻľż㣬ΪȻмǧûоԵʵһжǿ̸ѣټ֮ڵĳϻ᲻
˾ҷʾ֮£ϽԤƺõĳһһϹ桢ϹҷˣŵһȺν͡۾ﶼ˸һֿĹâڴĳ˵ĵ
һأ
˾ǵҷͷȥϹܿȴûжҷвˬڵϹܿҸ㣬ƽ㶼Ҫһݶ֮󣬽붴
Ϲܿûһ˿˾ٴκšһءѾϹİʾ֮£Ϲܿǿ֮ʱľͻ̧ͷգǳЦݡ
켴оһըҵŮˣ˭Ҷ
ը˲䣬˵ģǣˣϹܿһ̧ͷУֻһӰشӾ֮׹ҷ·ԤϵһĻ˲˳ȥ
ϸո䵽ϹܿߣǴطƾճһ棬ʱΧһȦһȦˣзɭȻֻһ£ҪĹ
֮ڣϹܿţ㲻ģҪǺͷסֱɿ˵ͷֻҵġ˵ţὫϹܿͷϵĺͷϹܿ۽ˮӿһЦĳϣϹܿҲƲסס˳ϣϹܿ󱳣ڣû˸۸㡣
ϣǱһֱܿĸףȴοЦݣϹܿ⻰ͻ뵽˾æ˵ߣһڶǵǿߣ㲻ùңߡ
ߣߣ


641 Լ
ߣߣ
£һӰ֮УӰǾ
ϷûЦŶϹܿ˵һˣԼŮ˶ˣܽʲôأܿһƽģң
ϹܿųȻףЦţӣš
Цøˡ
·һ̣ϹܿУǱǧΧʲô壬ֻ˵Լص㣬˶ؿǻ棬޶õӵ
Ȼ˺ܷŭһǾΪԼ˵Ļľѣ㲻ľңҲתɣȻһжûУеֻӣ׵׵ӣ
һķŭȾʢȻҷ硣
ҷ翴ųϽԭӦµǷͷϹܿ˽ϵĻųϹܿңʼ֮ˮޣһǶɣҲ̲סˣŭƣҵĻҪһһɱҪɱһǧһ򵶡
ϻͷϹܿ᲻еֻǱᣬֳộҪȦ𣿡
ˡҷţŭɫͻرƣģҸϹܿĶؿһеķҲĿ
ҾʲôʬɽѪ
˵ţϳ֣ҷһֻʶı񣬿һ֣ŷֲԾȴԪ˿ãͬһλۼǿʩչˡնԪ似һ
ҷ翴ϵ쳣ֹЦøˣָų˵ƣղɱңȻ㷢ֵԪ𣿹Ҹ㣬ӣǷѾǧΪ׼ģǽнԪֹˣһ˿˿Ԫң걱Ϊ壬ʮϡϣʦƶɣҲŴӴѭߣΪͬסˣǿߣԪסҲΨеͱƿҪ⣿
ǸЦƮɽԪ˶ΪݽԪҲΪе˲ҡͷ̾˵˵ãҿҲ˵֮ΪҪһսû뵽ôɱ㽫ˡ
ǣǶô̡
һϷˣ

һȺ̸ţȫ϶ˣȽΧȺ֮УǵӺ˶ŵӣüͷչֱΪƲӦɾͱץס
Ⱥ̸۵ûһŵ֮Уͻһұˣƻа֣Ǹϸ
һԣֽЩ˷ɵ񾭸ýҲȫ䱸ţ׼ʱ֡
ҷ绹ڷŭطйܳʱĲˬ㲻ԪûңˮңýâնҰô֮Ԫһֻ϶ǡ
ЩϹܿɫȻ䣬ǲѣһݣҷ˵ֻҪʲôҶӦ㣡
⻰ҷһ㶣켴ЦҪ˵Ұ㣬Զ㣬һһ׷㣬벻ҷ˵꣬Ϲܿסغȵ˵˵
Ϲܿͷؿ˳һҪЦӣסҵģٵȵȣҪһʱ׸Ȼ
ģ˵𣿡Ϲܿ۾ϲЩҷ˵Ǿһ裬Ͽ϶ص˵ͷгжϹܿ׼ܵһ裬ֻΪܹӳ졣
ϸϹܿ˵ЩһҲŹҷʲôֲ棬ңŮˣһô˵
ұ۾ۼѹʱѾѹʮ
ҷû˵Ļֻų˵֣ʮָţŭٴգʹܵܿĸ׵ߣһѽܿĸ׵Ĳϡ
վԱߵϹΪ׵һȺϹˣϹȻ޶ãûпҷΪһϹܿһ飬ϹĮ飬ܿĸ׵۾ţ˵ţǲҪҡ
ҷ磬ף
ҷ¶ްЦݣ˵ǲǺܺ𣿲ϹֻܿҪƵһĵҾͷף׵Ĳκã
䣡
ϹܿԺһ죬Ӳɵɫ԰׵£ҷúݶϹܿ˵һΨһףһˣȡ᣿
ȻˣǾҲҷһ⣬ҷڿţԭͲ׷ûТġ
ܿĸŮƴҡͷҡ˼£ͱҷסˣ˵Ȼ뿴ǰҾͳȫ㣡
ҷ˵ţ㽫н߸߾Ҫܿĸ׵

ϹܿţȡųϣѹѾʮˣڼѹֱѾͶ𣬳ʹϹܿ¶΢ЦȴʹϹܿıˣεѡ
ҷںţٲ̣ҿɾҪȥˡ˵ţǽܿĸ׵࣬ԽԽ

ϹܿһУȥǴϣȴǴԼĵϹܿûа취ÿȥҲִˣ̵ܴģֻԼ
𡪡
ˣϲѹĿХХֱϹܿһͣڿУûдȥֻѹֲĶʮ岨ֱۣˡ
ҿ
ֱ۱󵶣ն򡰽Ԫӣʮ岨ŰٶʮȻҷ˵ʲô걱ΪʮϡΪִʦʦɵӡ
͵أֱ۸նˣ
С
˻ˣһȫɵסˣסˣҷ磬ҲסˣԡԪžԵģΪнΪľҲԪ𻵲ð㣬ƣԪȫʧ֮£Ȼֻ֣ͽԪˡ
𺳣˲ָܻģˡ
ˣȴû㶣ƿԪ˲䣬ѾͨȾġߡʩչ˼£Ӱʧ֮һϢ󣬳ҷǰ
ֱѪ֣֮ץסҷеĽȻԳһ˺һþıѳɷĩ
ţϽǱĩҷһЩĩϸ㣬ͱҷ壬ʱһɹѪҷﱬ
ǣҷ绹û
Ϊϲɵȥ
ϱܿףߡٴʩչҪȥϹܿһ𡭡
ʱϮ


642 Ϯ
ǰһ˲䣬ϻڡԪУ˶Ϊ޷ɣ
Ȼ򣬺һ˲䣬ϲƳԪҷ϶ǧѪܿĸ׸˻ȥ
ǰת֮֮ͣңû˿ӦĻᣬǰһΡɽգۼ䣬ͱ󺣣
ȻعģȻΪߵľڳϱסܿĸطʱ򣬱㺷ȻˣӰȰϮ£һֻ֣Ҫϸĳ⽴㡣
ֻ֪һȵҴ͹ȥ˵ţһֱתŵĴɵġšԾ˳ȥ
ٶ֮죬ȳϵġߡҪ֡
šһӳͷһͷϹŵľޣѿ춯ذţƽһŷݶʱȻһƬǷɳʯǣҲ˿УϹˣУϹܿǡԪȴøûӰ졣
ϣֱ˺ۣͷ䣻ǱʯͷֱЩ˵ϣһѪ
Ѫζʼɢ⣬ǰ࣬Χ
ֱֻ桰šľܵšĿֲΪȥ֮٣;죬šٶȣ죻ߣȻײˡ
ײ䣬š㽫ΧԨ֮µ磬ޱȣپϵѹѹһ磬˿н۵ȫһ˺ѹǣ󺧣οˣн۵ΪȻȫŴ۷ȦҪֵס硣
ǣ˺ٶȣȵù磬ӲİΧӣķȦʱʧлɫٴμȦոռоһϮţȦ
۾μȦάֲһ˲䣬þУûˣ磬ȴ㣬Űȥ
ꡱڶѾˣýԪ߷£ҲնЩӰ٣ȴȷʵڵ磬ƱأѪ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ԪУóһֻëʣԼϪͼʱϪˮʣתٶ൱ؿ죬Դ赲סŰϪˮȷһЧȴǱεҲֱϪ֮ˮӵ𣬾ʹȫƴϪú󽭡
ԪԴδйٶţǿ񱩵ҲɳٷɣʯߣЩеˣҲҳ
֮ԽԽֻѾдôˮЩ˻ӿκˣɴһڱֹסˣͬʱҲɻ󣺡ʲô綼ܿƣǿƻľˮһ
뵽⣬ǷңȴԶ˵ҪնɱھŷֻҾ
̬绹δȫɢ֮ʱϼ˲׽𺣣ڿУһк£ֱ죬ھĴ
̡
顭
ɲǼ䣬ˮ¶Ȼ߷ð̵̷ˡ
һ֮ˮգۼͱո֮һѾޱˣëʲˣ˻𣬿ںһôģ
⻹㣬оԼǱнǧ׵Ȼ˿ģʮףȥ𾪣ͷųâնףָһСһСŵģ
׽ˮ޳ƣ޳ΣȴôնģǱŪæңҪάŴ֮ˮҪնҪԪġ
ʱſ죬³ǵαԪŵҺΣɵ䵽˴žϢȥ
ǾȻǸŷԲǧףǳϸղŵľֹ϶ľڰ׵İΧ֮Уǲʮ׵ԳΪǺ֪
۾ŭ𣬡ϷˮԪˮ˻Щ𣡡˵ţëʿӣлӺ֮ˮ쳣䶯
ҲʱҺϮֱĵﴦȥûзΣ٣ȴһľ֮Уֱʲôܲ鷢أһԾ
һԾպöҺΣȴûȫҺھĴϣʱԪȰװȥɫҺ¶˷ݣɢȫɢȥ
Һαһ̣оһŨɫ䣬ҲͬԽ۰㣬ɵغȻ֣ԼȾȻնȥ
ܿ죬ȴһСֹ֣ͣ϶ߵֵ׷գԪܿ죬㷢֣ˣֻܿơ
ۼԪʼѹλȥ
һĻֻȥôϢĹ򣬻һҷ磬ΪƵľȴƷּ䣬Ƶоȡ־һӿͷȫѪϣھҵزš
ϹܿĸŮһϹܿϽ׽£ţףסϹܿĸףѾޣˣڲͣգۣͣҡͷųֵͷóϴϹܿϽߣҪϽߡ
ףҪһҪȻ㣡Ϲܿ˵ţǱ߾ƣûϷĵҩԾȲǸŮˣҪ

Ϲܿ˺غһһѡ⣬ֱϹӵ˲һǱȵƣҵŮ޸㣡
ûпϹתͷϹܿϹܿ˵ҰޣҲŮ㲻ҵûĵĵûУԶҲûС
棬ŵԶϹҵѪ
𣿡ϹܿЩˣֱ󣬺ȵҰϹҵѪ㣬ӴԺϹңҲκιϵ
һץסϹܿӵرţ˵ɵϣŰԼһʹģϵѪǻһ𣿡
˵ţϹֺȵƣ㲻ǺܰŮԸ⿴ŮȲ׵ʹࣿ氮Ů͸Ͻ־ܣ
ž
ϹĻ䣬ϾͶ˺ָͷӡҰ߸ֱӱ䣬ѣͷҲ飬Ϲ죬³һѪ⣬ųϣʲôȴһҲ²
˵ûܿѾϹҵˣŮҵȻܿȻʹ࣬ȻὫ׵Ĳκã


643 ҡ
ֱϹǰϹ˵һ޻Ҫ޵ĻϱһѵϾϹܿĸףˣûֱӳ֣ǻͷѯϹܿ˼ϹܿǰشϹܿ˵֮󣬳ϲٸӣһȥ
Ҳֻ֣֣
˵ܹκܿĸ׵Ĳʱһ㶣ǺЦһƬ̶ޱȣϹЦȴЦһЦʹȫֱĲҷҲǣڵѾЪ˹ˣҲΪˣǲʹѣ¶һӣЦųϡ
ûһΪϻܾܿĸף
ɫಫľ˵ƣ˵˭ᣬϷǾ仰ҪͱϷԸһŵ־ܣϷ֤Ϲܿúúõġ
˵ĻΪѾûˣŸһ֣Ⱦûһֻڻƴɱ˾Ե·硣
һЦҵŮչˣ鷳㣬ңչˣҲչ˲ˣΪ죬ɣ
ÿĿƾ㣬ɱϷٹȥɣëתɣصЦˡ
˵꣬ϲᾰһֿ֮˵תܿĸףܿʵܾȻ𣿡
Ȼܣˣôġ
Ϲܿϵһֱǳ飬Ⱦᣬڻûʲôĵҩ硰ٵһ֪࣬ԼѪܲһ
ϹܿϵĻĿžص˵ͷ켴һǴɫİױΧųתʹ˸Ϳ͸֮
ԪܿĸŮԼָѪʳܿĸ׵ϹܿһҪ˵ϻͷЦģҲд󰭵ģ
Ϲܿ۾ЩţټѪԽԽ࣬еĵǱԽԽֹסϣȻᶨɫȡˡ˵һзҽ֮㣬һ£ײ뿪
أϹܿѿڶҪһ
ϸݵӣЦҲֻҪǰȫˣȻӳ죬Щˣסҵġ
Ϲܿš
һ£˵ҸһܣѾҵˡ

һЦԣɱһнۣ̫ѵġ
ǣǲֻһнۣкö£ܶġ
Щˣֻ϶ѡ
ϰοţϹܿڵĻᣬĲ֮ڸϹܿϹܿڳŵĿ֮£ֻѹеĵǣϽϤ
ߣеѪܿĸ׵һֻ֣ܿĸ׵ϣ쿴һܿĸز֮
һֱ̽һܿĸ׵һֻɫɢŶԣֶܿĸ׵ѪҺйÿһϸֻɫڸʴ
üͷ̽̽ѪܿĸѪȻЧЩɫȷɢֻǴѪ⵽ϸҪɢɢٶȱȽɫʧٶҲͽӶıǣҪѪҲܶࡣ
ڵľƣϲ֪ɫΧסʱ䣬ʱ϶̣ǾƶܿĸŮ൱زңҲѪʧ̫࣬ҪսҪΪϹܿĸŮ·
۾һתһͷڳϵԺϲԥֹͣѪĹӦֱܿĸ׵壬
˻ɫŷ飬ûóʧЩɫʧţͬһϲԴԴϵӿ
ɫ㣬оĿǵȻԶ˳ȴǷӿܿĸ׵۾һݣϬ֮⣬ӿϣռסλã֮Уɫް취ֻѰȻǳʤ׷ܿĸȫ汬ʱ뵽һƣȻĻɫܹܴشȻҲñ
ţϱ㲻ٴǻɫֻǽһλã֮󣬻ɫȫܿĸֱ۵һλãΧһɫˣɫ͵һֱȭͷСһץʩչУѹֽܿĸڣһһɨţÿһط
ܿĸ׵ǻҰɫѾȻȥ˵ǺޱȣٱӣѾָɫɢһɲܿĸ׵˵ӡ
ӡеĲܿǳϣȻᣬȴϹܿӡĲ֮лعϲغףˣˡ
ܿĸοصͷҲЦţһסһסֱϹܿʮֲ˼켴뵽֮ǰһֱĶǡסжʱӿĸжҸۣȴ˵ҵףֲס
ЦҽĺͷףȻҵף˵ǻСûм˵ȥϹܿȴ׳˵ʲôȻǡ֮ʵĸ֡
ϹܿϽޱȣزȫ˻ԣȫȻԼذΧ֮Уܿĸ׵ҲųЦݣ˵Ӧһ˵ܿҺܷġ
켴ܿĸ׻һת˵һܿ˵ϻԸѾˣ㲻ùңϽܿ뿪ֻҪԺܺܿҸһҾͷˡ
ףҲҪúõġ
ܿĸֹ˵ӣңǵģѾôãѾˡ
ϲܿĸװѻ˵꣬㿪˵ǶҪţһһεĵطһѰǵģܿĲ֮𣿡
ϹܿæͷϽװԪʯĴָȫӡ󣬸Ϲܿ㿴ɫûԾΧס𣿡
һ£Ϲܿ˵ʲôȴס˵ֻǲ׻ߣͽϱס˵ҪţһҪš
㱣֤һţһ㣡
һˣ˵ĻҪģһҪϹܿ˵ţȴ¶Цݣ˵ܿҪһµĻҾͻٱӡ
˵ֻ뻺ǰ˵գȴϣ䣬Ϲܿ㴽¡
棬Ĵȣ
¡죡


644 ҽгܿ
ϹܿкԼԥ˳ϣԺɿֵϷ֮һĻһĻʮɽƴȣһ¶֮ʱϵĴǰ
нһǧﱼȣ
Ϲ֪ܿϿ϶һ֣һרΪµľ֣Ҫն£ǣ֪һеȻԹ޻ڵ
˵Ȼס
ˮ齻ڰĲ࡭
һеһУóϹܿӡޱȵ̣ˣֻҪԳõģֻҪܰϳЩϹܿʮֵĸԸ
Ϲܿţţֻһˣҵģңһ仰ʱϹܿԺɸһͷݵңܰߣֺη
Щ֮еĳϣ֪Ϲܿе뷨֪ѾڽǸ֮ΰ룬ʵ֣ɱ϶ǧߣ֪ǰ׵֮£Ѫǣ
һŵģ
䣬Ϲܿǧ˿ᶨ˵Ȼ˷룬ϹܿɫȻøղǸģ͸Ǻ֮ɫϹܿ㲣ϽתʮӿϹܿ壬ʼٻָš
ܿٵһ¡
ʩչԪϹܿĸŮֵס׵֮Ӱһߡ̤ȺָƣâѪҽ
һ󣬳ϻص˰֮УĶһѴָжʮöԭ˵ӡָֽݸϹܿϹܿ˵ҵǣ
ϬҵȻҵġЦ˵Ϲܿ˵֮ǰ˵ܿϽףȻӻЩѡԪʯúãʱǸֲ
ϹܿһֻýҪƴǵĻ£Ͻ׷װԪʯУЩָˣڻعͷȥֻǴŴָָѾûˣֻǿյģöָģָûˣģָͷȫˢˢն
ⳡָ٣ϹҲûӹϹѪԼһ˲ˣû֮ǰ׳־緢ֻţǱ
ܴ˽ٵˣ϶ǾޱȣΪ˼նǵָȻնǵԴ֮£ܲҲ
ϹܿѾ˴ָҪȥ֮ʱͻȻССȴɽʯ֮Ѫ˯С˹
ϲСʱѣ϶ܹæȻСġСȴΪ̶üСϢ֪͸Ϲܿһ֥ɺ棬ûϹܿϣǱĳһ
ͬʱһӣһһֻ֥ɺ棬ǵٻײøˣΣֲһ㣬ҲƷĴڣǵɭɭ̣ôҲ̲
֮СڰﾹǺˣһӴܳ˰ףƾ֥ɺϵǼӡ
СٶȣˣٶֱȡҪ죬ٿ֮䣬ǼС̷ɫâ֣͵һ̣־Ȼһӱ̴ˣ
ţϰֻ֥ɺ˳˷ܵ˻ţӵǵȻӰص˳ߣС֥ɺ棬ȴԶԶģȥη塱
Ϲ˿֥ɺ棬ɫüѿǶ֪ЩӵҲһֻ֥ɺ棬־֮ɫôܴӽ˳
Ϲ֥ܿɺ󣬱⽫ֻ֥ɺ棬оף֥ɺĻȻ򣬾оʮգȴûоʲôųͻȻһѽ֥ɺϣ˳
ڵľ棬þУ
ȴ˽⵽ŽС̾ѣٶȱ죬̸̴ܴǰ㷨Цˣ¸ǷˣϹܿһֻ֥ɺػֻҪϾǿߣϹܿǵİΣǺбϵġ
ͬʱϻһ˯ĺڵ֪ڵǲҲúǿҪǣ᲻һνƿǶ
ţϳȥ˰ףٴοˣЩ֥ɺյܿĸŮΧм䣬ɱ
ܿĸ׺úõվǶ㲡̬ûУһȣЩ̶ЦȻֹҷ죬ϹۣԼӣϾ֮ɫŨ
ʹУɫѹסܿĸվǶ𾪣һȣѹ֮ƻٵ¿ƵɫףȻ
ܣûҵĽҩôܺأ
һѪ޴ëʣһָص֮ӿ𣬵סɫףͬʱѹ𾪣ȵƣȻŮˣΪӵóȥϷ㣬ûȻûãֶһġ
˷Ҳּҳ񣬲ң˵Ҳȷʵ˶Ϊ
ϵȻᾰ˵Ļһ߿ɫ׷״»׶ȥһ߸ϹܿɫϹֲܿᣬһ𣻵ǣԼͰﲻϰæΪۣԣϹܿȡ˵Ӧҵģ
Ȼӻţҽ޵£ȻƦţЦοţŬϹܿߵøģܿĸҲ˵ӣһҪš
׷ģһҪܿأ
ܿĸ׵ͷϸšĸ￴ŮԽԽ⡱Цݣ̾ţ̾Ůһһ⣬ԼķȻתͷϹҧ˵֣ҡޡ㣡
Ϲ¶˿ɫɫȫޣֻź⣬ںӵĲΪʲôκˣȻǾȻȨȻͨϹܿȳϡ
ʱϹܿѾãԪܿĸˡһֻ֥ɺȻҲڡ֮ϣϹܿųϣԪһӰȻʣʧУգۼ䣬ǧ֮⡭
Уһ仰ӴԺҲϹܿҽгܿ仰ɱϹܿϹ˹ϵһϵû
ΪʲôСܿСܿƫƫСܿǱֻгϲŵ֪ˣܿһ仰ϱ⡣
ϲõЦˡ
Ⱥ֮еĵӣȴ򣬡ңѲĹϵ
Ϲܿףȫ뿪ˣ
Цݲ٣̤УŨɱķ


645 ·μ
ޱͣɾƿԪܿĸ׾ȻأǾû뵽ģ
ţһ֣ǡšǡɫףɱȻþԶһȣסڲ״ǾûԤϵģ
󣬳ϾȻܿĸףԵҲǾû뵽ģ
Ʒ֡סһֻ֥ɺ棬Ȼֶ⻹Ǿûϵģ
󣬡ĳ֣ǳ˾Ԥ֮⣬ʹûӦأܿĸŮȻȥ֪Զĵϣļ̌ͷ죬ǵϤӰڿһʱӿˡ
ǣ֪ܿĸˣƾһ۶ûˣûʲôסֽţ˾֮£ߣֻǻľסһߣͱǵһжȫʧܡ
ˣ˲عľͲܿĸŮʹѣҪ˸ץҪЮƣȥηηţ
ԣֵƾƵɫףȵֵھ飬Ϸ׷ҪŮץӵ
ǣ
һȣʱʮգٶȼسʧķ׷ȥʮˣȫнʮн׷ɱ綼ûеŮӣǴСãñɱţ
Ȼʮнٶ൱죬ϵٶȸ죬ߡת˲ʮнǰɱʮ˵׷ҴӦӦ˭ҪԾߣ
һӣһ׽ֱغبڿУʵϺƾʮнٶȣ׷ϡģϲܿ
ʮ˵һҲǷɴŭȵƣ·ǵɱһķѣ󣡡
ʮнѣǰţɱǣֻ룬ָһӼ䣡˵꣬У۳ɵĳ𣬿նԪɱ
ʱʮнովλҪƾնɱϣնԪɱն£ʱʮðԪʮԴ͵벱ڿУʮѪֱ񷣬ʮʬֱأ졣
С
ѪȵĻ棬ȫһƬ𺳣һնʮˣܶ߶һնʮнˣжܣңһնʮ˵似ǳǿ似
ҪԾߣʮ㣬ǧâȲϳҫۡ
״֪ټ̽ȥжӰ죬ҲƳô˻ߣϾܿĸŮѾӳˡ
ǺϽȵһжȫչˣɱߣ˭һڽӦ
ڿУʮߵĶеˣղһĻ棬ԵغˣЩҲ˼
ǵģû˵ͶٶԪʯû˵ʲôƷ׵ķ似ȴһȫ棬һ࣬࡭
һǰЩӲɱñѪҰɱúܶ˷߷߲ƽԹޣǣһлΪһڵһԱ㽫ЩԹްŭȫ˾⣬ЩѪ
ܶ˸ǵˣҵ찡ҪɱƣһҾҪһڣһΪʦ
ҵĵһҪһڰңΪһң
ҪԪʯŮ
Ҫ

һƬ߽Уͻзǳг𣬡λѵˣǵĴ˵𣿡
˻һˮoϣֱǛo˸͸Ǹ˵ޱȵظԺղŵѪȻ棬𺳶ǿʼ˽սǡǡһڵ
ȻʬɽѪ֮£Ҳ·ģ
һѡ֮ȺУڱһȣģƴˣӱһҵػȥҲûʲô˼һڿ϶ҲֻһˣɱʮˣɱôҪãպնСӣӾͷˣͳͷˣʲôˣ˵ܻһǧ꣬һ꣬ǳ
˵Ĵȣرǡֱ֣һʯǧˣЩԥˣ˼һӱȫбϣĿʲôҪΪǿߣҪøãá
ҲΪˣ߷׷öİ壬ǡƴˡˡըһƬأڶ
ʱɫâҫָķڿϣȫϮɱϡ
Ⱥ˶üͷţƣٵʮֵľ׼ʱ֣ȴЩɻ󣬡ɵأôûиҪǴɵڴˣʩչɱЩٶֻ࣬ǰ׷ѣڡӽյý
߹ȻϣȫջֻЦݣоػ֮У˵ƣ˵Ѿ޵Ӳˣ
˭˵ӣûնɱ㣬ûнҪɱҵɱȥϼ˵еĻɫѾѹֻһСûСһλɫɫÿһϸ֮У˵ϢǸʴʮĳ̶ֳ˵֮ͬ
ңЩɫѹҺΣ
һ˻ɫҺΣ̽˸Ҫ֮֮ǣҪһҪĽҩȥҲ˵ҪĴָһ˵ƷǷڴָУҲ⣬꺮ɽׯõһžΪΪ߸ϡ
һһţϷͲţʮ˶ɱ㣬һڵľӣ㲻ã
ͬʱȣ֣
켴ǱǹâУըಡش̶ƿȴֻȻУڳϵ˷ָֻ֮һĿ꣬Ǳǳ֮
һ޴ļڿУ
ֻո֣Щңֻոʧĵطֻ֣ٴʧ
ϣƿϡ
˶͵һҲһֺ
۾һݣЦһΪңûǮˣһھӢеľӢɣȵҹµļɱǿʮֹֻϧȻҿ
ϳˡ
ͬʱšٷɳڵܿĸŮһ𾪵׵Ļ棬ǵصħޣҪạ̇̄ٶȻ죬˵Ҫķħ޸
ħȺ֮е֮䣬һٿȥġ¶ã֮ɫ켴ٶȣϹҡ
˿̣֮ϹңѲԶӣ


646 ŭ
μһһ㣬ٱϣϵվҲܣһЦֱֻſȪˮ˲гΡ
зƿӿ
ǡʱֻʸϮȪˮֱȣ֮ȪˮʴԪ֮ʹüʸ˳ת¾ۼֻУȴûһɢӣȻ磬УʮӶֻһɵ֮С
ײľɫѵμһ鷳ܸɣ
ƿȻڶ
еУȻǧףǧ֮ڣȫǼʸϿѾԳڽ⼸ֻʸ֮УѾ˵ķλ඼ȷ
ǺһǰڿֳǵʱһƣȪˮи˳ȥʱļʸڿУʸ˷ȥ
ոճֵһֱӱõתȥЩɵҲЩʸ䣬Щ⽣âһ࣬նڳϡ
вҽڿգһڵӣȷǾеľһˣȴһǧ˶ѡ
һǧˣÿһÿһδ϶ʮֻʮͬüԪģָڲѣһˣϢ
ɾʱÿ˶˼ʮֻķ䣬ӣ͸֧ȵӣӲˣԥ䣬Щ͵شǵķŴ̽ǵ˲ƳѪ
һǧˣת֮䣬ͱһǧֻѪȾĴ⬣
ѪȣŨˡ
ˣ·һЩܲõм֮Ѫ֮󣬱ԼٶȣһƬڣжо綾֮״
Χ֮˼״Դʧɫ
Ͽ湷ݵģÿһֻ˶ǱһƤЩرӿȫ
Ƥ͵һμûдﵽԤڵЧ˼ҽЩָɱˣԳϵĺסɫףȵǼеķеĹȫ˶ֻҪһ˿ڣҪϷͲţһ˿ڶ£
Цֻ£Ҫʧˡ

Ȼ֪˵仰ʵ˼ֱΪһ˿ڶ£ٴκ켴޴ë˸һٰʮȵתǴ֮ˮҲת̣ײףԼû˳׵ķշΧ
ţָǷԲǧףֻʣµȵľɱ޴ëͿĨգһźƺˮĻնڸס
ʱꡱ
Ȼµġꡱ꣬ǡ
âɭɭ̹ǣ
˫Ԫн۾ӦһٲǣֻϧѷǶ֮ϣһûġšġҺΡ֮ΣڴƴɱʼѹŴɱ
ʩչ조ꡱͬʱҲһ𹥻
ڡꡱ֮ʱȫ棬Щꡱ׻֮ʱ㵹ɻ죬Ǿ͵ֻһġ֮УװΧգ˴֮ȻûڳϣǱһƬΧеֱӱն˸飬еĽҴ⣬ڳϣȴԳ첻һ˺һۼ¡
ġꡱٴЧͬʧܣ㣬һ·ɱǰڴ͸֮ʱֱӱεˡ
һУʧɫüͷһ壬ëʸǻɣȵ֮ŭ
ʱƬĻ˲ơ
Ƭ֮󣬲תҲ״ƬĻѹϵʱоһѹĻ̺ŵӴ
ȻȾ֮ŭ߷£𣬷ƬĻ˵һƬĻҲԳ񷣬Ц
Ϸ֮ŭ֮ŭһЦֱĻںףҲתת򣬸պĻתͬ
һĻ֮ƣ֮ͣҪѹԪȫӳռƣԣֹͣĻߴȥ
ѾֽץëʣҪ䣬ȴ䲻£ʱɭﴫ˳Ҫŭұŭŭ̻ȥ
ųϻ£֮Уֳ˺ɫâȴǳϢԪ˽
ˮҪ˻𣬿ԭ򣬾ˮͿ˲˳ϵĻʹˮƣ˿̣ҪˮƬĻ֧ŲסˣƮȥеתҲ˳ԽԽ
Ļϣ˫֣ңëҲʣؼ䣬Ʋѣֱ߶ţҪûϮϷôһС裡
ƹƣòƴ
ȴǼ֮УкƺܣƬĻ죬ұƿ죡صھ֮ϣնһʽڼ
ڼն£ֹƬĻ̱룬ϢסĻ׷ϣһƬĻĻɢڿУ֮⣬ٴ͸
Ļŵһɲǣ͵³һѪֱȥëҲҪѷɶȥѹƲסеľȣСֶ̫ˡ
ֹסΣһһӿ̤ʵ壬ǿ𣿡

һʣԲ׳ϵ˼ֻǣһԽԽĸоԴԴϵӿ𣬡ƣҪʲôֶΣ
ʵڵѪ𣿡
ȻĬȴѹƴͬʱƣԷͻȻϮ
Ҫ岻ǿѪĻܹúˡЦ˵תҺһƬҺ飬ֱ¡
ˮԪҪȴֱԣⲻˮԪǽԪϢնԪâҪԽԽ
ɾĽâոնЩҺ飬͵رըâȫըɢͬʱըҺ飬ھΣ̱ͣǶ֮ȥ

𾪣ϵĹٴγԤϣǺɫҺ岻н֮Ч˵ӣл֮Ѫ
ҺȻǷͬ죬ôҲн۵ΪתˮԪֵšҺ֮۾ŭӳϣ˵ϷûǿΪҲϲϷСϷ򻹲
Ŷ¶Цݣ˼˵ΪҸߺܶˣ

Ҳţ˵ּǿظһ䣺Ĳţ
켴ǧԪڤ٣ֱ侰


647 ²⣬
ԪڤһȵĲǾԪڤٵǰˡӣ
⡭
Ӿȵò֪˵ɶ֪ʲôܹıԪڤӵԣӶԪڤٳ䣻ң⻹ǵӲ֪ԪڤԪ£ֻ֪²жôΣգգԲ鿴ˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ӻţֲǸӦˣԭЩ
˶ܽѹŴɱϽɫɢȥиǾ̾ѣĵӣȻԳƶϣ̶ʱ֮ڣȻɳزֻ¾ҶǶ֡
֮ϣ֪ԪڤǶʩչĹѾֽ䱸ˣǾ޴ëƣʼҲһˮԪ۳ɵġߡԪڤ١
һϣȳ
ʱˮԪըֱԪڤٸըϡã״԰һըըԪڤٵĻľƾ͸Σˣ
ϿԪڤٱը٣ȴһţ·Ԥ֮а㣬ֻǵ˵֪Ԫ׹ܲܽҵԪڤȫը٣ֻҪǿŵãԪڤӻڣϾԴԴϵʩչԪڤ٣
ųϻ֮УȻ˱ȸղŻҪʮԪڤ٣ӭ˲Ϣ֮ҲһֻĴָС˺ϱĴִ١
پԪڤɲ״
۾Ǻ⣬аֳɣԪˮԪʩչԪն٣ˮԪտʼǾ޴ȻѳأȫԪڤٸˣһ٣ҪԪ౬ɱԽԽţнԪǶ࣬ǣڣʲôĺɫԪҺڷѪʹҽȫԪʩչ
ʲô棬ȻȻǰɫ׽Ϸ
Ұο֮û˵꣬Ѿ̤ӣҳϻһУһ⣺Ҫʲô
ţһ飬ϽҪԪȡԪȻһȡȴȡԪν֮٣ԪֱоȥѾ֪θ롣
ǣû£ȵڶ
һ֮£д̶ĵڿգһϢ򲻵ϱƬѹѹӰӣϰΧм䣬Ͽȥ崦ӰֲͬķħޣƷ׶ͣϢƣӦǾŽħɡ
Ҳ΢΢ȣһֻŽ׷ħޣûʲôˣһǧֻŽħޣƣɾͲһˣңϻо崦ħޣС
ֻʮ״СĳȫͨʻɫķħޣӦ㣬ȫëɢŵģӦ𣬲һޣҲһɽĽ֮мʶǲӳɢ֮ģľʣֱˮ
Щأ
رǣһǧֻӴľŽ׷ħϣһߣһǧߵΪǲͣٸ߽н
һصȻˣôǿʲôֻӵбô򵥰ɣѵԺ˲両һҲԾѵͷѵռ½
ͬ뷨ģȺ֮йսؼ棬۾һյһڣƻҪıˣסһעͬʱȻǰһڳԸֲǡ
Ϻܿ콫Ժľ֮ѹ£ʲôҪıǣһֻ𣬽нնɱ϶崦Ӱţϣһǧħ޵ԣ϶ͬģӦŽľˮռλʲô𣿡
ûʩչԪڤ٣ΪƱһʽסˣѹһ͡Һ˵ƣϷ㣬Ҳжģ
ھĿЦУԺһʲôһҪʲôֻҪץסнۣ𣿡
һ֮£͵ʩչߡԪڤԾ޴ٵʽҳһơľ̺ʮ˲ӡ֮ջͬʱʩչˡ͡о̤
Ȼڽ䱸ţǣϵٶȣǿĹҲЩֲоʤʱľûзҪܣΪУֻ˳ȥɱܷǿ
Ȼ򣬡һơѾѸϮԪѹ͡ҺԪٺ٣ķȦãҲ˲ȥΪʲôֻǿʩչġˮ
Сˮڼǿġһơ֮£Ȼشӡ֮ݺݺһ·ھĺ֮ϣǱΣǰ߹ǣȻѣ󱳻һӡҪǣѹԪҲɢˣѹõʱ
ѪȴԲܲˣûлֻǱн۵ΪѹҪӿġҺһ֮ӳηΧ
ֻҪӳȥ̨ɱ
ǣбȥľͻرһɾֱɱֱ׹䣬Ҫ׹֮Уһѹʹþɳһ˲
Ҳһ˲䣬Ԫڤ٣ϣžΪͷɢĿѣǲͣѪӿ־壬ҵΪ
ټ־ȥٿ־ȥ֪ƻҪĹҧһݣһ֣
һأĲʲôԪˮԪЩġˮˮıըǲģ۳ĺֻǶʱġ
ʱĺȴ£ӵ֮ľ⣬пֹ֮޽ϣ
ƴ´Ǯľ˳ȥ
ݺˤڵϵľûü鿴ֻǷŭغȵоɱ󣡾ɱţֶߺȵǻʲôǲҪ𣿡
ʱȺۼʩչԼľУȺǷɳ̤ڿУҪԳϷ
Ҳʱе
һƮȻӰڿգɢϢ
ϲһǵϤˣжʱӿ˼ӣ˦֮£ȴҪ֣飬λһǷء
ǰɫӰ˭Ϊʲôң
ţӰȴѾɱǸоɱ󡱣
֮ľʱһ־彫ȫΧ


648 оɱ
־ˣġˮѾˣڵΪѾнۣǳۣȻнֻһ֮
ǣ۾ǳۣнٽӽΪվǵˡ
ģΪϵãΪҲɿǹٵȷ˲ΪǰĲƴɱУΪҲ𣬲սΪнۡ
Ϊ½Եľƣ͸ոˣͣҺӿѾƴȫ֮ȥѹˣһֻƿھС
óƿʱɱ򡰴оɱ󡱵ĳϣպÿһתϳͬʱ۳ֻʹţ£
һڵʯ֮䣡
ңƿճ֮ʱսҩͣ
ʱоԾŤͷȥͷûŤ꣬ٶȼֻһֱֻλã󺧣ﻹʱȥ̷ҩæȡԪ൲
֮£޴ëʵסһֻʹ䲻ǰֺֻһֻŵҩһֻֻƿ
е˲䣬ֻͬʱը
ʱƿ٣ҩ飬޴ëëը֮Щʲôҵǣƣըûˡ

ֱ˾ĵĲҺȻĴָﻹЩҩЩҩոձȥĵҩȣûЩҩƽɶƵضȥ
ƣϷҪ˺㣡ţȴܷйеԹޣٿסӰҵ˳ڣȵ벻㾹Ȼа֣˭ҪɱŮӣһҲӦһ
֮󣬾̷ҩЩҩЧȻ󣬵ʱ£ܱûкã̷ҩָƴɱδҲ֪оɱܲܽϾɱ
һ仰̷׷תɱĨɫӰֲ˵ȻΪĨӰҪɱöࡣ
ɫӰ˶ɣ
ɱ˶ı˪֮Ǿ纮֣һһţһƣʱסĳֱӱ׹ڿգˤķѣЩнҲǲ߽Ҳֻ
ֻƱǰ˵ϣЦݣţ˶ҪסȻͻطģԪǲУɱȥкܴܽ˶նɱϾɱһǺ׵ġ
֮еľҲˣŸղŷһУǷŭغȵţȻţ˶˱ӵһ֮ǾͲ±ȫű𣿡
ŭľһ˶ΪõЩֻͬǶ
˶ֻһһı飬ˤڵϣˤɱĶҲûȥһۡ
һߣˡоɱС
ֻȻٶȼ죬ֻһϢ֮䣬ǡоɱ󡱵ķҲֻըʱѾԲתɣ¶˿йâҫˮľľ𣬻𣬽Ԫâ಻عϣϲ֮ƣЩâȻһ߽ʩչĽâǿ˰ٱǧֹ
ǳܽɱ˾أȻҺǰоɱ󡱣ԪǺоɱ󡱲ˣʮ˲óɵģһǧ˲óɵĴ
ǳնµĽâֱ״Сƣ˿һ۵ĹܻҪǿһ㣡
Ҳ˵оɱ󡱻߽ͽںԽ֮һڳн֮ǿߣ
ȻǴа
һ֮̾󣬲ɱ֮ˣǾԲֹͣңһǧֻŽ׷ħޣʱûз
״СĽâն£ϽüһԪҲᣡ
䣬תνӣתҲҳϵĽԪǵĽԪһϵĽԪںǵԽϵĽ⣬ں˴Խ
ն
Ԫײȵľ˭ĽԪƷ׸ߣ˭ĽԪ
նһֻʮ׵Ľ׽âƿննǵâʱ״СĽâȻն飬âոţԪλֶ뻮һն£״СĽâͬʱն¡
һݣͬնǰǽԽâһȴǻԽâ
˽
Ȼû켫Ԫһ볿¶Ȼ
һԪâԾٶȣʧӰ٣ͬʱԪâնԪ󣬾ڻԪâҪն֮ʱоɱ仯ǴλǽԪȴˮԪ
ˮ˻
˲һˮԪâննɢ˳ʩչĻԪâ
˼⡮оɱ󡯣ɱһۣѶԸһǧˣȥɱôʮˣҲûʲôãʱܲҲΪ˶࣬ҪɢͶ࣬ҵɢˣǵȴʼһȻһ壻ͺñҪʹһʱֻУҪһǧʹ֪Ч٣ȻҵԪʱ䲻ȱ٣ҲβȱǾŽ׷ħޣֲٶȵȱݣ
ļƻʩչҪһǧˣΪоɱ󡱣Ϊлһͷ˺󣬿ɲܾʹ˴
ҲʱǱߴҽȴɱ˶Ȼ˶նˣͬʱ˶ʵΪҲ¶˳ʲôһ߽ʣ
ĲҽʱҲͬʱѿ֮УûѪŽûѪɣֻһһıţǣЩţѪ˾ëȻ
ؼҶΪŵţֻŶΪȴϣȻѾǸ߽ʣ˲׾Ϊǰ㣿һΪƳͷ
ŭͬʱидһţһ˶콣ţǲҲʵʵķ
ҲţҲ֪ţʦʲôϵȻðȡ϶˶߽ʵΪûжԾΪãʦйϵˣΪܲôͣһ
߱˶ĺɱסˣǵ̰֮⣬ûбɱˣѾ˵ӣһŵӣԥأǺźţӴɱȥ
˶ȻӲܣƬƬӿն䡭
ͬʱʩչԪâˮһʩչߡٽӽˮԪ
Զ޺
һ޺ǧ޺ڿա
ȴǣ֮ˡ


649 
ҪˮоɱתˮԪ󼱻ľԪ󣬿ľԪâնϣɢȻǳϢĹâ
ɾľԪâֵһɲǣһڵȥʧȥ˳ϵΣǲ׽ʱϳϢâѾݺ˻λˮԪϡ
һնԲȻնȥȴо·նһӲӲڹһ㣬۾һݣ˲ôһ¶һնǵնˮԪ󣬶նз
ܹأؽԱ
̾һӰȴû˶ͣ£ߡȻת٣ղųһնȻûնѪɽٵذƣǣǸˮԪȴӲǱնƳʮףҲˣзɢʮס
״һЦԪâˮԪնȥˮԪȻľԪ󣬿ǻλˮԪ󣬸ո䶨ϳϢâնˣˮԪٴ˿
ˮԪƵǸλ϶ն£ʮζûӵùһˣȻɢףһڵӸϽַɻΧСƷΧ󣬻ĳӰһע⵽ϸڣ۾һ˵ÿһնоɱ󡱳ܵģϾˮԪҪܲλܵ˺ҪԷö࣬ˮԪķħޣѾҽвѡ
ָɫȻ԰ޱȣһϬޱȣܽ۶նɱܽʮҵ߶ɱġоɱ󡱣ȴκƣӿζȴȵ󣡡
˲оɱҫйâƺƵĳڴÿһҪóѭΣܾۻɢǰɢ
һ֮£ȻִޱȵնˮԪ󣬵ȫѾаΧסལâͣ뵥һâԶâֱӱ֮Уնϡ
ɢһʽڼնȥˮԪֱӱնңѪ罦ЩŽ׷ħ޵ëն衭
ϲܲˣһնˮԪһأɲԪںһףһڵӴ󾪣ٷɢϽˮԪÿ˵ϣ˿˿ϲȻΪҵᣬˮ˻ˡ
ǣˮԪâնûãһնˮԪâţصնˮԪϣӿʼˮԪشüʮѾȣѪ
ˣǷŭΣң߱оɱסΨһ³ǱΪоɱҳ˵㣬ٸԣϲĽжԪҲܸնûˣƣУѾʧȥЧãңƵУͨУȫУлҪǿУƵԪ޾Ƶģƴɱʼڣûһ˿ƣ̬һֱٱƴɱţ·ƴɱͲԪһ
ˮԪٱԵھ۾ŨڵӵҪΧ֮ʱжһӰղһƬձڵϵ߾ȣ̧ͷ쿴ȥֻķħޣдСռһƬգɲֹһǧ򡭡
оɱ󡱱ΧУЩŽħ޿ͬսǵĿаȨ߿׷Ҫȥȴһڵס
ħ޺ܶ࣬ϵħ޸ࡣ
ħֻһ·תۼ֮󣬾Ǵ˷Ϲڵȫħ޸Χˣ߾в֮У˲Ũ
һʱû⵽ôˣ۾һת֮Ժ㸡ϣ߶ô
Ϊֹıɱ֣֮ȫʧˣ
ȴЦɵʱ򡣡ţ϶֮亰ɵЩҲȥ
֮һ䣬˼սĳսħޣЩɱȥﻹ˵üȥնɱӺһӣӿ޾⣬ͻ
ţֽ֮עһǧֻŽħ֮ϣЩŽħ޵ʱԥ֮ɫһҪϷһҪ֮Ǳ߷ȥ
һڵӾǵġоɱ󡱻๥ֶΣûչֳŽ׷ħǵ֮£һСоɱ󡱣նɱȵȡ
ǣڶûлʩչˡ
ֻһǧ֣âֱǵͷȥЩɽħ޳ʹ˽вѣҪ˴ȴǲܡ
ϴʮֵĽ䱸ǰĹ쳡оһǧϢڳɱӣǾŽ׷ħ޵ȫȡԼһ
ˣѪζҲ쳣Ũ֮ħײˡоɱϣ͵أֱӱѪˣһֻǣֻǣʮֻֻѪƷĽף׾Žףȫˡ
Ͽ÷Щħ޵ıըǴڣ˵ѪܱըģңըѪҲ⡰оɱ󡱸ˣ֮⣬ϸǸоԼڵѪӿӿҰҪֶȥ࡭
۾ţʹһռһǧֻŽħޣҲܲףٴռǵЩħ޳ɳֲ֪Ҫʱ䣬ԡоɱ󡱳ζûõһУ˵Ӧõһµģ֪ƻʲôֶΣţϣһǴɱУܽشлὫնɱһȻЧһǧֻħ޾͡
УѾˣ⡰оɱ׳ȥȻûȫ塰оɱ󡱣˵зʼնĳξ룬ξ룬ĲΧࣻǵε֪ǻܲͨأ
ţѾӳϣܷȥ˲䣬ٳŰף׺һǧһڵӣȫΧڻǿһһڵӣ֪ĴԼķҲȫա
ʱ㶼ʧɫ
Խģε
һоɱٲͬͬˣ˴֮תԪٲǻȻ©ٳˣԽԽĳ֡
ң׿ɲֻ֮Ч䱾֮ͺǿЩһǧ֮λֿܵסףһɢ˿ﻹֵס׵ķա
ߣ׽һ̣㻯Ϊޣ
ƣǴоĿһڵĿ𣿸֮ǰԼ׽ΧǾɥĵ£ڳˣûоʹţɱ֮Ϸɱȥڣ
ͬʱԼϵƣǾȻ֮ɫ޴ëʷų⣬ֱʻĳ߻ѪȻͣЪ


650 ˾ɱ
֮ԼġȻûнЩŽ׷ħ޸ҸЩӵħ޻ô࣬ǲˬľͷֿӿͷ
Ǻ֮߷£һڵǵľŽħƴ
һڵʵɡСɱ󡱵ģһֻ߽һ󣬱ҲǳʶѣҾ󲿷ֶﵽ˾磬ֻǶ
һնɱ˵ô
֮Ƿſ˿ЩŽħޱȫ˳ȥ󲿷ֵħޣȥɾЩŽ׷ħ޸շɳȥԶʱһڵӵȻٴغȳһ֣

һֶοƵľŽ׷ħޣʱ㱬ըһѪ֮꣬һë֮ϡ
ŽħޱըڳߣԳǰǿ壬ʲôӰ죻ǣⲻһֻֻһǧֻһͬʱը
ͺñǡˮδʯʯġˮһȫ£Ľֻ²ܡʯҪʯ
ױը÷ϿգΧԱ˷ӿϡ
˱ըҲǱɫһʱ佫Ԫָ֮ۻסԪڤٸؽƣһȦһȦһȦӱըʼըϮʮԶʱѾ˰˰Ȧ
ֶΣЩϻʩչУܶؽЩ룻ͬʱԪ˲䱬ӯ棬γԪס
һȻǳϵ壡
䣡
ըϮ˲ƴֱǵԽԽ󣬳ѾЩƲסΣʱ̣ûбɵһڵӣͬʱһһȫǿƽʱնģһѪɫâֱնϡ
ž޴Ѫɫâն£ѪҪͨëףȥϱסͨЩѪƤ֮Уͨ졣
ϲ֪ʲôȴ˿м˳ȥײѪɫâзһԱǵѪɫâǷ顣
Ѫɫâʧ֮󣬳ڵѪŻָƽǣһڵǵĹû꣡
Աٴκ¡¡
̶Ǿġ
һΣըǾŽ׷ħޣһأԱȴһڵԼ
ֲһδ˷Ϯϣи𾪣һڵǸ֯еһƴȻô˺ηͬʱԱЩųȥǿߣڡѵǶϴˣ
ǵɱ
Ǵоɱûңʩչ˾ɱֻҪϼнܽӵ𣿡
ЩͷֻڳԺһͬʱ۳УƥıըϮ˲пƲס֮Уʩչȥһ
ţʣµըԪڤ֮ϣһμʱ䣬һֱûֹͣԪڤ٣ϵԪڤѾﵽһֲȦнȦ
ȦԪڤ٣ǹɱը˸ɸɾ
ͬģǹܣҲ
ϲӻ𶯣ʼлҵ壬ҪһһľɱǺɾЩԤˡ
ûȫɢֳǧߣЩߵΪǿɲһ֮ĶȫǸ߽
һھ
һξȣ˳뷨ؼȵȫУ𾪵ͬʱħȺҪǾˣؼĿ
ҵ棬Ҳǰ˿ŵǣӳ֮󣬾ٺһһķԣЩʵ̫ˡ
ЩߣҲ뷨
ǰһǧþŽħԱը˰ףǲԱóѣһΣϿɲٴεóѣҲʲô󣬡оɱ󡱾˲򵥣ЩٴĻ֪Ҫʲôز
ˣʩչߡ˲ǧףʩչڼ˲֮󣬳Ѿһǧ˵룬ð׺Ƶӿķǧ߾Χ
Ȼһɱ裬ڻе
УһɵɱھŲ㣡
ʱ·ƴɱУЩѾɱۣѪбܵħޣѾҪָ֮ӣ֮䵱ʩչھŲɱЩ߹ȥ
ܹȴ谭ɱ˽ȥ
ЩҪһɱĸ߽סǣû뵽Ȼһ֣ϵķױʮѣڳϵɱ֮£һһһ⡣
ʱ֮ɱٹǸͺ޷֮һѪ׹ڿգһƬȫѪȷ֡
۾Ҫɱˣǧһڵӵʵ¹¶ˣԵңӵ񣻿ɽ죬ǧ˾ĵӣǧȴȫһ˵һǧˣĹζûвóŰɱգۼĹ򣬾ͿҪնɱɾˣˣϷʦ𽻴
ϵİɫ𼱣ŭҪǰɫ棬ƴɱ˾أƵ嵽ʲôģô̺˶Ļ棬ЩȫȻԪɣʵʵڵĻ𡭡
Ȼ֪ϵ棬ԪͨģԪˣǵ飬½һ޶ĵ飬ܹܹںϵĵ顭
ֻһң޷ֺţ
еëѾڵѪˣ֮ѪȻǾѪͼǸӣĵվԽ棬˿ڽѪ͸ء
ѾѹƲסˣҲȥѹƣϮȫҺҲڣѪ⣬ȻںΪѾȥˣ֮⣬ֻնɱ
Ϸţһ𺣣ǻ𺣣ϷҲܽ𺣸ҧѪɱĳϣȻһ飬в
Ծףһ۾Ϳ˾϶ΣձǴӾûκԥӰ׹䣬ɱŨߵİ׽ٳΧȥҪΧȫε
Цˣ˵ˣһжˣƣƴϷˣ
£еëʣͻʧˡ
͸ҺѾɱþһϣڽӴ׵һɲǣȻԱˡ
ԱˣȻΪ䵽˳ۣԱ֮Ҳ൱ˡ
ױը÷ն
ֱϮϡ
أʼ𶯣
֮⣬һۣٶ


651 ˮ
ھһ𾪺֮Աˣʩչһ
ʵԱҲǱɣѾȫϮ˸ɸɾһ˵»ܻΪ֪ٸ磻ٻصһڣʧǧڰѵľӢӣҲǱɡ
ȻѡԱ׳һ㡣
ǰһԸҪ
ϮʱϽǰıȫȥ۵ԱԲ׾ͱƳʣײʷȦ֮ϣȦֵֻôһ˲ѿ
վɱϵԪϣóӷȥﻹ³ѪЩ˶أܹ
ɳϵüͷȴԽԽֱԱǹΣԴ
ע⵽ص𶯣֪֮ǰʩչʲô֪ҪԶ˵أ˲䣬ߡת¡
ڳ˲֮Ǵͻѿˡ
켴ظһˮ򣬰뾶ֻһңˮֱ϶ȥٶȾѾߡľͨȴٶȻҪ죡
Ǹˮɢܣϵħޣ޸оȻڲҵƴɱš
ȴоǸˮĿֲϾãǲһˮ򣬶һƬƵģѹҺǰ㣬ǸˮҲǱѹѹġ
ˮһըźε
һƬطûнӣϪûˮѹģţӲûͣƴʩչߡ߸Լһһķ
Ƭʱ䣬ˮϲǧף
ϺȵɵЩħޣˮ򣡡
ʱ֮䴵ЩдķħޣֱˮȥȻħײˮϣһ谭öû𣬱ֱѳѪ⡣
һֻħֻʮֻϰֻħһײȥȻֽ
ˮٶȣ˿
ϵԺͻһͷ뵽ԼİԵص׵ģǸˮ֮ˮǲҲԵص׵ģ
ͷһ֣ϾѾ϶ˮ֮ˮԵصףǰǴ䣬Ǽ
ϲµòǿˮȷǱطģõˮȷʵǵص֮ˮ˿̣ϹڵǣЩˮȫɺԣҲһ飬һ
ص֮ˮ۾ôѹõʲôطңˣˮ׷ټһ㣬׷ɱң
϶ԾǸطܸȤȴ̽ʱ򣬳ӷתţˮ򣬡Ҳѹɻ򣿡
뷨ã˵ãʱѾˮŰףۿҪײ
ʱԺˮԥأԼʩˡֱſգ˫Źעʮನ֮ȥֿ֮ˮ
˶Ѿ˳ϵΣƣȻҲûиоǸˮĿֲܣֱܽн۶ηƱƵ˾أ϶򵥡
ˣ˶ҲԾϿУȡһѱһɱֱ֮ˮסǣһ˲䣬˶ɫ䣬ס
˶а³ѪԪƵ似ǿʩչһɽƾϢһ£Щ仯ˮǱסˣҲסһϢһϢ֮󣬱㱻Ƴˮųϴ׹ȥ

˶Ǿûֹͣμ䣬ͣն裬ˮȥķϣͳһһĺرʯǱɽһһ飬һһ
ǣЩ޴ʯɽȫסˮˮȥԲ˶ԸоˮĿɲͬҲûзͣʩչš
ˮϽİס
Ѿأֱ£תأµƬأѾųϵתмɢ
صʮססס
ϵǿӣŴתЩܲסûͣеסˮԪڤٵȵȣÿһ˿ÿһÿһƣȫͷ˳תص׸ȥﻹʱ䣬ٶһʱ䣬ܡ
˶ʩչһɽΪˮ򴩹ɽҪˡ
һ˲䣬˶۾ô
ˮû֮ǰֱӴɽأˮɽסˡ
סˣˮˣ
˶ţȴЩţʱƣʮϢȥˮȻûдɽˮɽĦĻ𻨣˶ɻԽԽأȷסˮ˭ڰ
ϲ֪Ѿ굽ص߰ˣرзΧҲнǧףȻǧףǴر棬ֱ£зΧԽխߵУҲͿס
˰ף
ϵӣʼѪˣǻＷѹģһ鵽ʱڴص׶Ĵ̹ǵʹо
Ȼ򣬳ϻ䣬Ϊ˻ò䡣
صٶԽԽŰףϵӣʼŤһŤ
ǳаٱ䡷͡ǬתǳŴڣӹƶ۶ˣŸҲˡ
ˮûʲô£
ڷЩԾͷ䣬ˮƿɽˣһɽҲǰһһܲסһ鿪
ˮдУŰ֮µĳϾ͵شһѪ
ˣ
۾ﾫⱬ䣬սֱ
ˮҪֱ䣬ȴűתƻҪˮУֻһϢ䣬رУˮƻˣһȦһȦбƻ
ЩƻУһ̲࣡
ˮûʲôӰ죬ֱ֮ˮÿƻһУҪĲܣԽ䣬ˮҲԽԽĵܣԽԽࡣ
һǧ׽ѾȫһѪ˶
Ϣ֮ˮ׷߰ףѾֱжʮҵĴˮ
ȻǸоˮڼȡһԪˣ̷ȥҪ£ʹţȴҲϲţУȻãˮ׷һǧףӦʣ޼˰ɡ
ɾʱˮ䣬Ȼըˡ
䣡
ŭ
ĴУȻը٣ǧŢЩħޡЩϣֱӱһѪЩħ޺ߣɴˡ
һɾֱϣϵԪڤ١Ȧȵһз˲ʧӰ٣תӣҲֹͣ³Ѫӵ𡭡
˲䶨
ը٣𶯲٣ˮ٣ֻˮеˮϵŢ˫۽գո̷ȥԪˣڳؿλá


652 ҵ


һİ
˶һƬ࣬оղǹɿֲܣֹסزԶвҵƴɱȴǰֶһϢΪĵӣӦòôȥɣ
Ժ鲻Խţ˶˫ûֹͣԪϧͷųʱɱȻٱһһƳ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻɲǼĹ˶ڳİ󣻵ǣģȻֻԽ£ԽԽѣ˶ûзǰΪֹˮ֮ƣԪݽߣ˿̷̣˵ҩָԪӿн䣬վڱסУҪϸڳ
Щŵӣȫŵӣվ˶ȫһµĶ󣬵ӰﲻʲôæȴȪ棬Ǿӡ
ͬʱӻڸоǹ޵ϵţ㲻¶ģ㻹ûҵҵ㻹Ƿ㻹ҵĳǡ
ףŰף߰ס
˶ɫȫˣƾص˶ףĴУ⻹Ϊ𣿡ţ˶ҲףԽƵĴԽΣգ뾡콫ڳ
ص֮УԣӣޱȣӱŢвŢɫɫɢѪζİɫΪʩչĳϢڵѪ
ˮըһ̣˲䱻ƻֲӵÿһطҪѹե⽴
Ŵξȳ֮Ҳǹܴɢ˵סʹӲãԭԪһ࣬ҲȫһɨգӾͬĻƿֻźһ˿
ά״̬ȵά塢Ǹ˿ˣϾͲٻԣ
ڣ֮ǰ̷һԪˣ
˶Ѿڵ˰ʱؿڵǿԪˣͷųȫȥʮʱҲʼȫ΢˶о뵤Уת֮ԪҲĳֺһӿǵ塭
޸ųϵӣʶʼѣȴѣصһҵңҵңҵҡ
ޱȣͣػصҪϵĹӣÿһϸҵ
Űˣ˶һŵӵȫǲ԰ޱȣָܻԪĵҩѾùˣ˶ԪȡԪͲʹãѾȻڼ
һɽϣ˾Ƶžѵƣѿ˼㣬ʦҲˣʦôأпԺɨµǧңʦܻһؼܳɹʩչҲһǶ֣ǿҲˣǸƵˣʲôΪۣ𣿡
˾֮ǰĻɣ˿϶ɲΪնɱţͻȻǰ棬ʦʦȥһˡ
ʲô£˾ҡҡͷش֪˾ɻٶȣ棬еĵھŷȥ߽һ«֮ᣬһߣæʦ壬ʲô£
˾Ƹ˵꣬㾪Ϊһѵƣ˵ǧ񣬻깦ѵǧӣȫˣ˸һɶѪͻһƬˮôϷ򽻴ҪϷôʦֽʦ𽻴
ˣ
˾ƹ˵ϣʦ壬ʦ𷣣
ȷԴȥ֮㲻ûһڣһڵһٽôǿһһûˣ
ûûŭ𣬵⵭ȴ˾ľսѣϽ˵ʦģһնɱбǸˣһͬնɱ
ƣƣֻƣûпΪһƣ˷ôֵ𣿡
ʦ壬ħӵĴˡ
ƸҺ𣿡
ʦ塭
֪Լô𣿡
ǣʦ塣˾Ƶͷˣ˵Ѿ޻ʦáʯʦܣлʦȥնɱƣҪҪǵ
ˣǧӵҪǻʩչˮšϷͽʬһ˵ᣬɻԹζȴʮֵŨڡˮš֮£ƣǸӣ˲ᣬ޻˸ȥպʰо֣ϾʧôûһĻҲСһڣǣնɱƺ󣬽ʬαÿһأ
ǣʦ壡˾ӲӦȻڰ֮߰󣬹ȥ˳Ժȴظһܹͷ޻ʦǣɱ𣿡
ͷһ𣬱ɢ֮ȥ˾԰˵һ˵ȴǿѹȥתˣοԼһнۣۣɱأ
ϹڳУʮߣ滹һڵǧӣǹȫ·磬ħʵ̫ˣѾȫѪζΧһڴСա
ǽлۣоǹǹɸǧﶼŵѪζĲѣⳡƴɱ˲ң֪ʦˣ
ϣ˶ѾɽΧһǧ׵ӳǰ˶ѾǱѣ۾ȴž⡣
Ϊǿ˳ϵӰ
һȥ˶źúôһµӵӰСӣɴС㣬Ϲҵ飬ﻹһŮӣһ
Ƭ֮󣬵ӽϱ˶˿ϵĲ״ʱˣ˶ʧ̬ӦңҪȥɽҪҹϢ㻹ûͲȥ
˶ľֹֱŵӴʧɫǿɴûпģ˶ȴͻǰˣǰȾƣǰ
Ȼȴûһ
ȴǸо΢Իںŵ˶˵ȴǴһǣϷ𣿡
˭
˶ʣ˵֮ȴֱųϣǱ䣬벻󣬾ȻûǵϷһ̣
ˣǻ
ߣס˶æӺԥųϾͷȥ˶ǲ˫һתܵıɽȫȥ
СҲϷǰŪ˵ţһն£Ӵɽն飬˶ɿȥǽâûɢնϣ
˿̣ԺǸޱȾ޴ըҵң
͵أۣ


653 
һƱɽ˶ҪնϣӸоŨɱӲһ飬ΪһնУ⣬ͻͬǱѿıɽһնķѡ
֮£ΨһܵĻᣬǽ׳ȥסǻעˣһ˿ܡ
ƣһûҵҵô죿뿴ҵһ۰ô᲻ý׳ȥأôǸˣһǷģһծʵʲô֪ҡ
ú㺵Ŀ⣬ųϣ߶߶ţŲٵԹǣûжϣӥʱСлڳµĸһϸ
ҵгϡ
ţȴ⼸֣Ӳһ㶣켴ʶʲôҪ֮ʱѾһӻ˻
ϵԪ΢ֻոչԪָķȦȦʵģȻԵ˵ţһܰҵģҶĳŵûɳŵ֮ǰ
ڵӵĶߡ꣬ͷӵԺУȴӿ棬һεǣӸѬ÷
ʱһնûгԪֵ֧ķȦӦƣնڳϵϣǱƻӣû޸һն˳ϵ
һһɾ޴ƵǰܳǧףһѪڵӵϣʱʵæƣſңӰɣӣҰ㵲ס
УɲʱжװЦɵϣ㲻ˣ
ҡҡҡ״ΣֱҪޣǣҲ
㲻Ǿ˭Ҳɱҡ˵ţһתڵϣȴȻڻûʲôˣӼȣơ
ûɢǰһվӻ󣬻ȫһѪĳϣͻЦ㻹һ˰
Ŭƽţȴڷϯȫÿһ䣬üͷһ壬ϵĲû⣬źţھŷҵˣھŷҵˡ
˵ϷԣˣܻܲסŮˡ˵ţ۳նһâǶ֮꣬Ҽնϣܽһնˡ
ﾫһӰζââǣȴûѪǳƴѪסԵʣϵѪԭͲˣ˵ѪȻ˷ѡ
Ůˡĸ֣ﲻһϲ켴ϸϹܿʱ˵һ䡰ҵŮˣ˭Ҷûüϸ룬ͿˣأӺ֮Ҫڳǰȴʹ󡭡
㻹ǺмֹϷʵ˵ţȫûȥħȺΧһֵͬܣҲûȥľʦȥˣֻè׽ȴɱҪúŪһϷҪĹжܵסٵâ
ұţһȣɵеħ޶
ǰϳصʱ֮仹ЩãȻ֪룬ʱϵ֮ϲ¶ЦϽ÷ɿ졣
ʱǧħޣȫЩߣӿ
ؼ˿ΧħȥɴһΧȫǱҧҵʬ壬ķʬѪҰʮߣ̶ʱ䣬һ룬ʣŵģֻѣûһǺõģȫˡ
Ͼǻˡ
ЦţţѲк󸣣Ǹƻ϶ɹؼңָյٹ⡣
һߣȴûнɱڶħ޷̧ͷ֮䣬ȵͽ䣬һâֱ죬Ѹײڶ֮ƣն֮ϡ
֮Դɵ塢Ϊȴɵܵһ㣬ȻûȫܹλãҲﻹЩȥǧħۣ˷裬͵س
ͽӦñһɽˮλ̣֮˵һ䣬û֮䣬תų˵ûõģΣ죬㶼ҪϷС
ΪȲʤȯͲļֻնһһĽâŰɱųϣﻹͣЦţ˵ǿƷôˣôֵأ
㲻֮ͷŻ氡ʩչâˮأԪأľϢأ
Ǻܴ㳯Ϸһȭ

һһķ̳ЦûóϷŭҲû¶ʲôâֻųؽ޷棻ʱȷʩչԪҲƷһһ˿ڡ
֪ǣڳϵ棬ЩѾԽԽѪϸٵ޸ţ޸ϸ𡭡
Уնÿһâ϶ʹˣΪһ֡
Ϊϻܷ̣ע⵽˳ϵﲿλۣ֮۾һһһĽâնۣ֮һ㹥Ȼ֮۵ķȴǲͣڳϡ
ҲԥգҪСԳɽӴ󺣣
Ƭܲ͸Ϸ˵ţȴϵĵﲿλץȥҪ֮ץϣӰͣ˸Ҫܻһץһֻ֮ϣһûץȥӡ
⻭棬Цøˣһʩչâϵնȥһ˵ϷնŮˡ
˻һϹȻͣһֻҲɢһԣЦţһץסۣ֮ڻץϵһ˲䣬ϵǣ¶˹Цݡ
ţһӰȴʹȫͻһϣȴһĵЦݣһȴЦֻǼˣ
˵ţ˫ֳɽնȴնϣϲԭҲǱⱦǡԣ
֮󣬻ųʵƣʵʲôطõģ˵˵Ϸһʹ
һûôʹؾȥ
˵ţŻ³һĭȻĭԪȴΪŭˣһץסۣһץסȵϷ㵽ʲôطõģˣƬ϶ۡ
ãҸ㣬ǣôӦһ


654 
ʲô
һԪ
Ц˵͹עʮָ˲仯ɴ̣ݺȥʮֳָ⣬Ȼ˵Ƚ΢Сӡ
˿̣ĥų˵Ǹʲô˼
ϵʮָѾƻԪ֣˻зתŻڵĺԪعŭУȫһֻűϣϵֻϾȻᱩ𣬸˺

˵ˣҾǷ
۾ȵƣ
˵ˣҾɱҰϸӷˣɱңԶҲ֪ңﲻۣأ
۾͵⣬ǰʩչĽâҫۣԪ£ˣֻǸϽ˵˵˵˵ˣϷͷŮˣǰǸŵŮˣȻϷܾ޾裡
˵Ļ㻹ôӦһ
ʲô
ٽһΪΣ
Ц˵ȴûмżԪڤ٣һ㶣̶Ц˵Ϊð谡ϷҪôϷΪ˵ţҲûȫϣ˷ȦȦֵ״̬µƷĹѾǴ´ˡ
ллϺò˵ûмԪڤ٣ȴһӰǰڴ֮ϵСǰһֱûжСΪһ̣
С̣ڷȦϣɴظˣľɾڴƵһ˲䣬ԪڤڻϣصԪڤȴǰǧԴԴ
ΣϼʮĴָСԪڤ٣ҲΪˣܼʮԪڤ٣һԪԻ
ʮԪڤҲϺٵŻΪ
ңС̽˻棬Ѫ
𾪣ֻţ
ʲôȻϷΪСŭţҪԪԪڤٸٵȴ˵ΪΪõԪڤ֪ﻹУ
򱻳˵֮۾⣬ԺﻹţӵֿԽΪԼΪĶҽнָۣ߽ۣտɴˡ
ţȴͻһҽУȴСҪ̶ļǣҲִʹͻȻع񣬱ȵƣûõģЩıھԵǰûõģ
˵ţȫԪ˲㽫ʮԪڤٸٸɾﻹ˵ҪϷԪϷն˫֣㻹̣ܲ
˫ɿۣΪ綼ģ
ڻ˫£ҪնֱʱͻջҲƵһߣʮָҲ뿪˻ĺ󱳣ͬʱһҽС
Ϊϵʮָ뿪֮ʱץ˻󱳵Ѫ⣡
ϷˣҪ׷𲽣ȴͣȴΪСҪоСɱСȴڳϵָʹ֮£Ѹȥһգ۲ӰŭŭȫڳϣӰһĽâնȥ
˵ĳϣһȣ벻õһܽȫεĻ棿
Ļ棿Ȼ֣ͣǽâȴųϵԴâɢƣ·ʱȡϵʵ˵棿Ǽ٣
Цˣûиоǵâвһ㣬ЦһԪûУһָһԪҾֻܽͷŸ㿴һ
ƭϷΪϷƭ𣿡䣬ǳϵıƭԪııô򵥣
غȣŲţ㣬һ󱦲أԪڤ٣Ļ棬⣬С
ʲô
һЦڵƣŸղǵ䲻̫࣬ȴԺõԪΪӿٶȣһУ϶еޱСģϣŻ棬ջŻ̰ܽռҺΣٱ
۾ﾫȷϳ˵Ǽ٣Ц˵ֲţŵĻûָԪѹ㿴һ¡
˵ţǧħڸϵȫ򿴶ûпЩħһۣһֻ֣ӳâ㽫ЩеЩħޣն˼ʮ顭
Щħޣû˶һѪ÷ŭķ񣬳ϳûԵʹɫ뿪ӵͷ˶Ǳȥ
Ҫֺȵ磬ܽռΪֶΣˣ˳һ䣬֪ʲô𣿷粻Уȴ䣡
磿ȥһ£תӳâȵϷǷʲôϷֻҪղ˵һУЩ𣿡
ϼֻϢĹͻعﲻźûүүһ롰ν硱ȴն˵ȻС
˵
ȳһ֣ܱħޣֵһȦ
ûоܾǳϵ˵ıأҵӡ
ӣʲô˼ɻ󣬸ˣϵϣ֪ǿȴ֪ʲôԭĺģı
˵ҵ֮壬֪ˣ֮岻ǿԭΪ̺һΪ壬ھҪռҵӣԱ񹦴ɣвˣռҵ֮壬ȫΪǹ˭õͽ÷ǳǿں̵ܶʱ֮ڡ
̵ܶʱ䣬̣
˵ɣǰҵΪʿǣʶҵˣҷڣ㿴ҵΪǼΣҵʵ
ܣȳܴӳʿǿնɱ۵ľ磿
ҽ꣬ʮ꣡
ˣӲһ飬񿴹һųϡ
˰죬ͻȻЦƣ˵ô࣬޷ǾϷһ
԰ҾĿģֻǲ֪ҪֱӽնɱԸҪôһ󱦲أϴͷβ˵һٷ֮ʮŶ滰ֻôٷ֮һǼٻ
ƣĺֻܲ˵һУûвᶯĵģϷҲ⡣˵Цˣ˵Ҫĥ˵ֻ»ѡ
ϸĵЦš
ֻϧһ˰Ϸĥ㣬ĥŮˣ֪Ѳ˿죡˵ţҪȥץ
ϣȻЦ˵˾䣺㲻ң

û˵ȴֱﲿλݺݴȥ
ңﲿλûػ


655 Ӱ
ϸѹ£Ԫʧò࣬ڴ֮£Ȼһ۵Ķ֣ԣһŻŰɱһһıء
룬ȫ˻̰֮ģʹûһּеĿҪʲôʲôȵȣȫ֮뻳
ɾڻҪȥõҪЮ˵صʱϺԥԼĵȥһҪԾļʽ򿴵󾪣æ֣ɲϾȥ
ڵľƣͺϸһ˼ѵüŵɽ亣ζûŵˡɫɲ͡ζϼڣǣƷϾҪȥⲻıı㵐ջ򣬻ҲǱأ֪ʲôҲĸԸջˡ
Ȼ˵ĸĿģҪնɱϣ
ʮâն£ûдȥȴȻ˵ﲿλЦŶԻ˵˵㲻ҵģһ춯̽ҵĵ

ٴξȳŸղų˵һУųϵļʽ˵Ϊʱ˿̣Ǳɣôȴǲһƿ϶ǰǸһЩ˵ƣ湻ݡ
һѣ
ʲô˵
Цˣû˵ȴǽϹҵ·ϣնɱ۵Ԫȥ״ҪֹϺȵ𶯣һҾˡ
۾ѣڳõŭȫйܳħϣÿһʱһƬԶ˶͵ӵˣҲ𾪵Ĳ˼ǻ׵Ŀ⣬ųϣǶʶҪЮԷģȴûм㣬ԼȥҪЮҪصĵˡ
һĻڷ
ֵŻ棬ֻʮһƷ޵ʯڵ̷ȥɫҪšˮ뽫һɱ뵽ȱأ˺ôľѹȵƣսϷԣҲΪܴϷ򣡡
ǺãҸ㣬Щʮɽ档
ʮɽ
ΪԪڤһӣڰԨֵĶ
󣿡
Ļǰףɽɽף
ס
˵֮ټٻţûű߼ʣУȴڵԪ˵óӯɫҲԽԽӿٶȸ죬ϻѹ
˵ţɽѾ𣿡
Ϊû˰ףɽˡʵ˵ʣأ
оû취ˣΪԼŪģ˵Ҫռ壬ռ⣬һͷ磬ҲɣҲҪռҵӡ
ˣЦ˵Щֻһģ㲻УɱҲУΪɱ㣬Ϸ֪ʮɽһҲ֪Ԫڤڶĳλ
˵ʵ
ϷͿǲĸҴ̽Լĵ˵ţӰãԪâֱնԴϵҲɴֱ࣬ӽȥ佦һɣֱȥ
ѪڻǰƮ򳷻ؽâڳϵԱߵ۾гһ죬ȴ·û¶һ㣬ЦţĲģһأͲƫˣȻǲҪЩأھͿԽնɱˡ
ڻ򶯵һɲǣ뷴ģǿԪڵûȫӲʵƴɱնɱİջ󣻶һϷ򻹻᲻򱦲ضȴòǻоܵвʱǳǰһŬȫ׷ˡ
һ̣ѪȻúˣʵ˵ȴ̫أϽں̽λܵ˺Ҳͺͱâնˣ̫ࡣ
Ȼаأȴǻ֪ˡ
ȷѪһ£ûϵĴ˽ȥо鷳ʱԺͻһ⣬ưοе㣬һһǰȥ߱ԽǱԼԽȥϷͲţҪ
⻰֪ѾûЧãӲʱ䣻ʣµģֻвҵƴɱȻڵûȫʱҲ˲ˣϻ֮Уӿ
ע⵽˳ϵĶЦȻˣƾӣϷƴɱͲϷ𣿡
ģʱһġ
ɱȥնڼɳϸոն£ȴʧȥĿ꣬ǻʧڳǰмʮͻسڳǰϸŰΧϴûнӴսȻǷֲ٣ǳ֮ǰվĵطնȥ
ڼնӰʧӰǻȴڳ켴âնڳϣЦ˵ڣ㻹ҷſϷȰ㣬ʵЩ򡭡
Ļû˵꣬Ϸն˻˵ĻʮۻҵسڳΧÿһ򡱻˵ţ˵ͬĻٴնգû֣ͣ˲ʩչҷնڶʽնŰپʮŵеġȫΧ
Ӱ£Щ򡱵ӰҲʧһֵֵȽӰ롰Ӱʧ󣬳Цû٣ұն١
ȷϷȣһڶĵѾܹʱˣ㾹Ȼ˲նŰپʮŽһ䣬һת˵ǣΪϷЧԪӦòɣնٻؾŰپʮŽ
üͷȷǻ˵ҪҲЩʽһôҲûҷնڶʽֶԻ첻˺
ô𣿡
żʮӰ˷ϱÿһ򡱶˵ţȴȻûз⼸ʮʲôҲ
ۡâϼͷն£âȻնͷϣҪնȥʱʮͬʱ˵壬ȻӲһնϣϷնٽٽնϣϷնǧʮ򽣡
صţϼͷˣʮâն£Ȼˣţ۵򴦣Ӳϱ仯۳վʲôλнâնļ
ʽҪ˫նΪǱأ
ƽĶۣĽԪԲ̫񣬸ͱȲһ𣬾ԽͷڤеĽ⣬ҲҪѷһǣϾǳۣСӣټػӰ׽͸ɱǿ
Ƭ֮󣬻üͷԽԽ壬Ѿնüٵâǳ˫ۻúڳϣû䣬ﲻǹЧ
ڻػӰٴնȥʱ򣬻ͻһΪҲʧȥ˳ϵӰۿȥȫǡ򡱣


656 
ʱûԪֻŻŰɱȳһԪ˺һڵָƽʱһʵȴŻʩչĹ似Ҳһơȭо̤ǬһָȾгǿ似ʩչʹóϲʹƴɱһ
ϱ߳ŽâϮŰ취Ƴǰþ֡ʵҷնڶʽҲûã㹻ԪǸԽʩչӰȦһƬȫڽӰȦǻӰж٣޼¡
κΣԪ̫١
ϽԼеĹֶΣһ飬硢ȵȣǷǳЧڳڣûӵС
Ԫڤ١׵ȵȶǴΧЧֶΣֻǣܵԪƣƴеԪܹûˣֻǲܱ֤ڱ֮ء
ԣϻͼ֮
նºüٵâ֮һɣͲʲôأڴ˿̣ÿһҪһֻĻᡣ
ȻĴۣܵʹĥҲСУֻ³ϵ˫ıжЩǬ򲢲ֻΪϵǿһľ磡
ֳâ֮󣬳Ժһ⣬ȻҲǾͻһӰ켴ʩչаٱ䡷ûģԪģòϢɳ۵ϢһһԿ
һһϢûзϢǳ۵ġ
켴ִЦЦ𵴣һÿЦҲһģһģŭ֡ȵȴûһ
֪Щ仯ڽаٱ䡷߾磬Ϊܱ任ĳ˵ֱСƣػӰУоʵͬϢȵȣǣЩ࣡
е˼ʮͬʱ˵ǣϷĻӰһ̽
δȫ£ʱаɫоֻ׵ӣҲ첻ȥǾȣ˵ģǲ٣ֿĻ档
һ뿿֣ȫá
ȻûлţֵɫķգųԪ⣬Ͻûʩչ׽ֻͨİףԣ׾ͽͬʱǻ¶Ц֮ɫţϷôҲһֻۣôһֶΣϷ򲻷ųӰ㻹ѭ
˵ŵʱ򣬳ȴ۾һȻһҪ£ţѪѪӰ𣬾Ѫ֮ӰûѪ⣡
⣬Ҳ¶ЦݣʩչҺҺ飻ʱո˵Ǿ仰ûӰջأҺͱը
Ӱɫ֮ȥЩΧħޣһ赲֮ûǣǰɫȴʹ˶ˣЩħ޽Ӵɫ棬ֱӾͱޣһƬɫؿƺ㣬Ѹײ֮ϮڻԥҪҪȦʱǡҺѾ˻ӣʱھΪһϸСߣǳԪ㣬ҺͲһСߣǴߣ
ͨСڻһɸֱϮϵѪҲšҺķһСôֶΣţϽתԪѹǹа֮
ϣȴȻ֪ںδԻģڰɫﴩȥȭľƴȫӿʮСָͨҲŰ˲
ߡһʩչȻû۷״̬ǰѸ٣ŷΧխ˲㹥ߣֱΣս٣תһɫâնϣʩչȭɢǽâһȭڻϣһˣϳƹ£Ǭһָָ£ֱָš
۾𣬡Ǭһָħӵĳ֪ʩչֹ˵ţʩչȦҪסϵһָΪڹͣȴǻعⷵգ꼻һֶѣңǰ״̬˵Ȧơ
Ȼʵȴ룬ȫȻϡǬһָзȦǷȦͻؾĭһӰ٣ȣȥĥȦΪʲôͻȻ飬ֻǱǬһָţԱ߻һѪ

һҺȴֹͣˣŭɱȥһɫСͬʱЩӰȫһغ϶ȥ
ϵȻɢӰ쳣ȴûж룬ֻǸϽ֮ۻסλãֳֵɢſֲƵɫС
ֻǧ֮һϢ䣬лӰ˳ϣ۳һѽɫֱ̳Ϻ
飡
ɫСײԪĳϣײ󣬿󡰻򡱵Ľɫ̽˳ϵĺۡһѪ
ҪǳãĹʹ̲壬ֻϧкˮըǻһ
ϾĲѣ򡱲ǻӰͬҲйҹȻл֮߳򿴵ϵľЦˣ˵ƣڵζ
ܲ
֪ˣЦţɫСˢˢˢնϱ߾Ǹ򡱣߻֣첻ѡ
ͻأʧˣһݣֲһͣһ֮䣬ʩչһԽ似ֱֱۣػȻ൲ɻȴͻرУϵŴȥͬʱһֻ֣ץۣǸ򡱣ҲڳǰĨϵĲӡ
һȣֳסɫСֱץסɫעʮҽŻ򡱣˲Ϣ䣬򡱱һУյУֲӰ
Ҳ˿ȥȴץסۣƴҪӿѪȥĳ˵ƣΣۣ´ξе
䣬򡱱ڳͷʩչ˻ǰһд似ҲɱڶͬʱûӰһɱ
һɱ֣Ӱȥٵķ򡱴ɱ֮£пܳɹϵȴЦһûֱ򡱵Ĺ͵һԾֱ˫ץס򡱵˫š
ţ˷һ򡱸ץ˵ص֮£ѭص֮ʱȵɵħޣȫԱ


657 ̷
֮һ·ħޣûֳƷ׵ħޣŽħޱģǾŽħڻǰȴʲô㲻ϡ
ˣǧħܸʮߴѣȴԸһ˺ɱ˲٣ʣµħҲ٣ЩħһԱҲǲ١
֮ϵû۾Ի֮ɫƺ֪ôħԱһ
ϻﻹһҪԾУɼ֮ûзӦҲͷԸķϽص׵ĳϡ
򿴵ϲػķϵ˵صȥŭɣǷأʩչջط֮ղûһ˿֮У߷ܲףҵ߳ľأ͸ףܽףԺͻ֮֮λҲмô
ԣȻ÷¶
ԪûԪȻѭأɫСĽâȴһһն˳ﻹţƣϷķǳһ£Ҫ㳥
ϲŲô࣬򡱸ճʱ򣬳⣬ƴɱһˣǼޱȣûʮʤ㣬ټһл߳ʵĵˣϻɵӲƴĻѰ·ˣʹ˸Ƶ⡣
˵Ͻ֮Уܷһ֮⣬ûؿڿһѪϱϾﵽĿģϾһжֵõġ
һϾ˫Ųסֱصȥ׹صлڼתŴеԪҲһһųϵӣóϾػָ״̬
߷˵ЩӰ߼̫ܹ࣬һ֮һϵЩڳСϵǣ򡱻ûбʶľ磬һжҪơ
ԣͻѣȫһֱӷӦǷͨϵµľƣԺ󣬷ٰµ¡
ȻϵĴٶȣ൱죬ֱӦҪЩʵȾƴɱȱݵ̫ԣҲ̫á
ǣͳƴɱȱݣֲˡ
ȷյٶԳϽйʱѾˣϽǰϧģأȫת˰׵׽״̬ȫס򡱵ţס򡱴µĽ𽣣һֻ˷򡱵Ѫŷ򡱵Ԫ
ȻԪڤ٣ŷ򡱵ΪǸųǱص׵СֱӴ˷򡱵ӣѪ
ϣ֮еԻ֮ɫѾȥȡ֮һֿϲϽĴޱȣҸոմ߸֮ȫڲһʹģʩչɱھŲ㶼Ҫʹࡣ
֮䲢ûзҲѪ۽ҲѪӣѪС
ѾڵףȴûϵӰзҸأŭʢ۵ΪȫԪȫתɫС³˽âͣػŵأҪ򡱸Ȼ
޵ţ֮ѾѪˣķҵĻоܱߵħޣƺЩԾȴûȥᣬΪѾϢˡ
ԪΪѪȥĻˣƣ㲻׼ϷȻϷҪЩأҲҪնɱ㣡
ҵһɫѸرףɫСȻһâ·Юֱ֮ײǸӣϸоΣս٣ټ׹Զѭȥ뿪λã֮ǰһֱѭΪԽ֮£ԪԽ⣬뽫ǣԭأ֮佫ħԱ
ɹ˲ʱ䣬֮ȴûħޣϱ㲻ǣƣֱ޴ѭ
䡭
â죬ɵգһֱǧ׵ӳڻǰǣûпѪɵĳϣҲûпķ
յ˷ϢѭҪһԾ𣬸Ϲȥնɱ֮ʱ֮͵³һѪڵأԡ
֮ѪصһɲǣΧŻֻħޣһԱˣ
䣡
һը죬ƬƽĴأʱɽȡ
ӴֱըûĿʧϣ³ѪǷȦҲըɢңϵġҺûͻƣԷɿٶȣǱץȥѪĺȥ;ιĵطһɽζһӾͨѪ⣬˻ڣѪԾٶ
عæԪѹƣڣѹơҺȫ¶ȻֻһССĺߣûķ֮һԪѹơ
ص״򡱵ɫûһѪɫ˲࣬Ϊһ䣬Ѿʾ磬֮нɫҲޱȣҲܸϴ˿в
ͬʱҲﴢԪˣƣǰ̳ļѪ޲֮£Ҳ˸߰˰ˣȻʹϮȴԳƴս̫ϰʱ򣬳Ժﻹһͷ߷ûԪˣ
ħԱ˲˵Ļ򣬸ѹסҺ͵õĴ˿̴һҲǲ԰ޱȣһ򻹸оԼǹϵԽԽޡ

ţԾڵصϷյһѭȥҪĽ֣ƵļѣԺʲôҲû룬ֻҪȳҪɱ
ӰͣڿзȥңԶؼһˣԶԶţﶼ𾪲ѣڳϵǿǻһϹϹ桢ҷˣԱ˵ۣп־͸˵ˡ
ϹﻹţûŮһƾƵʵϹҲһûзΪһҵĻ᣻϶ϲ³ӺŮϹң˳
һ˿֮󣬿ŭˣƣϷҪʬΣҪϷķϷ㣬Ϸ򱬣
ŭ춯أֱصǧס
ȻûըֺϷ򱬣λ죬Ҳûбң֮ǹϵûˡ
һ˲䣬͵³һѪ̱ڵϣһ۾ԹޣǰƻҪŨ˺غţƣϷķϷҪҪҪɷ
ޱԹ޵غţץȥ


658 ɱ
ӿûӱܣΪΪӵˣһ䣬ԱͬһɽƵ˶Ц˵ǿߣ򲻹һ֮ˣȴŮ˳һˣȻͬ죡
ƽʱ򣬻ܻ죬Ͼ۸һŮˣʲôʵ¶ڣ٣ѾʧȥеǣЩȱأȫܲˣҲȫûˣ۸ŮˣνˣֻҪĥϣҪΪķ
ص£ʿ˷򡱵ӣȴûпǿϾӵеԪˣɻ󣬡ûԪˣԪԺδԪͨ
һʱ䣬Ժɻ󣬵ûȥѯϻŭѾһת֪ʲôԥأϳǷѭȥ
켴ûԪûΪûѪΪһ߸ʬġ򡱣
˿̣ӣֻзֿ֮࣬ɵã˶Ѫȴ۳ҲǵȻԸ⣬ʹС
ֻЩڻǰͲֵһᣬǵǶַŭĻûκӰ졣
飬ɢۿŮҪħƣ
䡱һը죬ϱڿգŮǰӸʩչһơ˵˷ԪһҲûе۷״ֻ̬ӡ֮
ԼķȻ׷ǣϾòķи˵򲻿ڲˣæֽסС
ڻսӴʱ򡱵ȫ˳ɳӻָ©򾪴һ̣ϵġһơ£ʵ˻ϡ
ͬʱСӻ򱳺ֱѪ⣬̲ͣѪһҪӴ̴ļʽ
ھܵش֮£⵽ǰػٴѪŭĲҺڿգһ룬ҺȻֹϵĹѾ֮ˮ಻ɱ
ȭ˲ʮȭڻλãÿһȭŰ˲֮֮ȭͷʧȥ˷ĻȻأ
ؿѾȥѪ߰ߣɻȴδ˺벽۾Ѫ֮ɫֻøմӳۣס˵λãɫСתɣնÿһǹĽâȻƴˡ
ڳϣǱһֱƴûԪȥԪָķҲеԪȫڽնһʽһʽġڼӻڷڿգֻҲûп£ת߲ѡ
ȻûʲôȼֻͨͨĲߡߣߣÿ߳һţнȫѹˣֲ˼֮ơ
ķ٣ֳĻӰҲûãһӲƴ֮Уɱش·磬ǣԳͬǻ¶ЦЦƣĺܲҪǽƳϷķǾϷǿˣЩأϷҪˡ
⻰Ͻüһûӻۣ²ŻʲôɱУͬʱδͣ£ʩչˡо̤ȴǼЦ˵أΪǰ˵һУǱصȫǿЦ
ǻʲô
ԵĲţ³һѪɫСϣնһƾ˵ĹâնڼһܣһֽâնڳϣһѪ
ϵʱնŰپʮŽó£ڻϳһѪۣص볤Ƴٵĵ

ıžɱ˵֮ɫһͣĿʲôøԶ
˿̣Ȼˡٵ𾪣ԲԱ˵֮Ǽٶûпǣѿڶ˵˵Ϸ㲻
ٵջ󣬹Ȼ㲻뱨֮ˣϵ٩˵ţȴûͣڿгһѺۣѪѾ˿̵Ļ棬ԾǰŰɱķ棬ֻһΣŰɱߣǱŰɱߣ
ŰɱȻûбŭ侲˵ٵϷɷһ·
Ų㣡
ϷɷħѪģûϷΪѽѹסСҺȦɫСնĽâֱն
ãħѪĻǿߣ𣿡ϽնĽâרƷƳն£סȴٳУһţһλлǰǸݴˣؿڵѪ鱻ɣ𾪣ϼţֻϷҪС̫ɶ񣬵ǳٵ
֮ˡٵǷʵ¶ݵԥ󣬻֮ǰľ飬ų˵ģʵϷŻţ
Ѫһξ͹ˡ
СӣȻܾҲѪҪԣ£ȵĲң㣡
˵ţɱġڼҲǸնǴʦѧġ롱ߡ֮£һˡ
һ֮Уұۣȫ˹ͷͷ˿˿ƵѪ⣬ֲޱȣ˵ܾûЩˣȻĻĹͷһѪҲûġ
ǹͷ𾪣ԶԶ˺ŭƣϷҪ
ҪϺȻϻĻȵҪɱɱҸ㣬ɱˣ
ƣ㲻ҪϷΪϷʧȥ˷κ㲻𣿡
ɱȻɱ㣡
֪Сڳԣ
ƾģ۳ôǲ뽫۳ɱ
Ц˵һ飬㡭ô֪ûлشȴʩչףΧһʵʵ׻ƳУת֮ͬʱŷһʵЩ𣬹𣿲ĻǾˮ
£Ȫˮˮں϶ϻ򣬾γˮУ
ˮԲĻǾľ

𣡡

ϽӶϵУѾУϽȫӳ׼עһɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫϵУѾڽֻŹͷֱۣ˺ѵ÷飬˶ˣλҲܡ
ƣȻܡ
㲻ҪķƴȼеľѪ
ɫСӽʱɫСʵ÷飬򵹳Աһġǰе㣬ов۾һת˵ƣʵԲƴɱǿԺ



659 Сӣǰ

Ȼһ䣬оڵѪСҺĹͬɱ֮£Ҫ˶ʱ䣬ѪͿûˣת˵Сӣ㽫иͣˣϷϸϸ˵
Ŷ㻹ԳϷ򣿡˵ڰ׵Ǹ۳صײȡõʯȡ˳ȡ
һ˵ŭ뵽Ŀǰľƣ뵽ĿģֻýŭȥĿ˵ұ֤⡣
ӦԳ
㡭
Ӧóǰ
ϸͲŭȻ˵ţ˵ġǰȻֻһν⣬ɶԻ˵һǰӲз־նɱСΪǰֱܴ裬ǣΪ˻ȴòͷţ֪ǰͲҪЩԻһնԴĻͲд˿̵ı³
ţҲٸһѡĻᣬǻ̰ЩأֻƷ̵Ļᡣ
ȻƬ½ϣûкҩ
ԣֻ˵ĺƻǰ϶ã
˵
ٶȺܿ죬ƷԪʯһɣʯ̺治٣Ҫʱɵһ飬ӿ룬ϵڵתٶȼӿ죬ٴ
кܶԴ

ߣӦǷŭȴǿѹ˵кܶԴܹһڣٵҪҩģٶȳＯһҵõʦƳٵǰᣬóٵ֮󣬿϶Ǵһµ񻰣˵ܴﵽ˵еľ硣õĹڳϵϣûһϻϣԣŻ˵
ȻǺ⡣
һϲæǰС
Ȼܳ
Ϊʲôˣ
ΪҪԪˡǱŲΪ飬ѹõŭ͵ػűˣƣˣϷ򣡡
ˣľ㣡
㡭
ϿʼѹдѹӰԽԽŨ۵ġѾ˳˵ʱֿסУǣڵʼ˷ˣΪǰħ޵ԱĻʧԪƴɱķѵԪǲ٣ԣԪѾѹƲס
ӵеߣȻ죬ȥɲСţֱƽ֣ɫһ֣˵ǰԸ׳һξѪԱĳ⣡
ԣϲһ㶣ֹͣѹһϷæ˵ͣȴȨŵʧõľѪʩչȷԿҿԶһ֣һѾ۵뻹ɱǺˣ׶Ըöࡣ
ⷽ˵ϵȷĶʱԺֳָǰһǽһǧԥԱ棬𺳣𣬡ҵĵƣ֪ˣ˼⳼ϢһڣǺǲ롭
ѾǸëСӣǰ֪ǳһɽһսڣûôʲôٵ֮Ϣȥɽ׽˿̣ԲĶֻ֣·һ
һ󣬳¶ģԼһȥҲҪãӸɾǣɫ˵ľѪͳ
ǰ̫ǿͲòƹ˵ţ۳ȴת¡
Ͳͻɡ
ֱӲֽѹɫֱ䣬治׳ʲôһɣѾѹ۳ġ֮£ȻҲѹˡ
ֻһεͷȡѪɢͲԪžѪʹȥһͣѪȴûдùУ֮Уͱˡ
ɫСҷڲһ˻οһЩԪľѪ˵ѪͲ
£޹أֻҪûõľѪҾͻ᲻ͣѹ˵ţҲڲȻѹвһ¶Ԫţʯ
ޱί֪ѪҪ˵طܹͨѪˣɾ;ѪͲȥίίѹ֮£򲻵ò취˲䣬бжƣһ׼þѪһ߽ȫԪۣȫ
󣬻۳ը
¡ըͻһͣըһѷ죬ڴѷǻȻأеĿͱʧǾ
ѷ첻ûб󣬷ԽԽС
ǰִ㣬һ۳ƴһѣҲǴͨ˿̣²ΪϽѷҪϲεһ˲䣬ԪľѪ˳ȥһץסѪʩչһ۱ȿһҪö࣬һ֮󣬳ϲŸ㶨
ʱ̽Ժǵӡɫ嵽£㡭㾹ȻܡС֡طջأб۳ըһܣ̺Ҳ٣ʱĳϣҪľ
ʵڻ۳ԱʱҲЩںֵܲܵסбĻҪǿö࣬һ壬ùȻ
Ͻջ֮󣬻򻹴ڵ֪Σģʵ̫ˣѾƵһ֮䣬ڿҪҪĳɸ뷨ԼһɽõĽ̻壬˲Ϣ䣬мᶨ
ɫûб¶һ㣬ߵǰǰܸˣ
ϿЦЦӦóΪ
ȴǹ˵
Ĵָ
ſڣҪŭȣ죬ȴʵʵرϣѴָ˳ϽӹѾкۼĴָԪڣȻӿֱƳ˻ڴָӡ۾ﾪ֣ϲ鿴ĴָûԪʯȴмһ̺Ĺ߽׵ҩҲûȴǱ̷ˡ
ţ۾һһطӰ
Ӱ֮ǰʩչĻ棬æӰȡһ˺üʱʱ䣬Ŵſһ飬ʱòƹһֱغڳߡ
켴ַӰĵһ㣬ǻ̫ӵľͨһ̧ͷŻ򣬻ӲٹͣΪҪҪô˻ᣬƸɱ
һӣֱûǲڣһߣһԥϽڵϣ˵ҲˣҲˡ
ûǽָǼ鲻֪Ĺȡ˳Ȼֽʯȡۣʼ


660 Ӱ
˶ӿǰҫһֻһָͷܽնɱǿߣ˿̣ȴڳϵǰɪɪš
ǵĿŵɢľȣгӿ
֮仹֮С
Զܿòؼˣ͸𾪲ˣ벻׳˺ֶΣһǿڵأǣһθƵǿ
ؼ治ٶ³ʲô⣬һɾͲûӹˣؼһߣ˲Ȼ뿪бзҵ档
ڴ˵صˣҲ٣ǻŸĿģ
ϹҵˣȴҲ߲ˣǵļңأ
𾪵ĻҲţſڳϼͷСʲô棬ͣһǷʤרѪ
ûֱ꣬Щķʽ𾪣÷ڴָеƷȻǲ򵥣ǹյĻҲҪķѲʱ䡣
ȻȴųϽеĹ飬ȫת˻ʯҲһһķ˽ȥ
ȻǿóЩɫʯУҲ̺ӴĻԪţÿһɫʯ쳣ϡŵЩߵķ񾺼ۣû뵽Ȼôİɫʯ
û꣬ϱ㽫У͵ر٣Ż㿴óһԼ״Сİɫʯ򵱼Ŀֱˣв뵽ϣһأ֪ǰ϶һۣΪðǸͷǳȡԪˣŻ򽻳˾Ѫд㣬ŷŹ
˶Ϊ˴ͨӰǰľԤУǿҴ֮ǰϵĽɱɱĲǳۣнۣҪΪƴɱ׼ǲܵģӺ˶һŵӣǲģڳΣ֮ʣܲվֵˣϲǶȥһܣǻᱻ׷ϣʱľƣ˵Σա
ȻӲˣǾֻսҪɱһˣɱ
۷״̬ʱû磬ҲԽһнնɱ˵ڵ״̬ϵҪץסһпܵĻ᣻Ӱǰ㣬̫ͨѣǵĲ㣬͡ɽЩˣĲ㣬պ޳ɷĴš
ɡӰĵһ㣬ܻûһӰڶ㣬ܻû㣬оŸϱѾʼڶľͨ
Լʱ֮󣬳ʵһм׷ɱң
ڳϿУһ֮󣬻صоۡ
Ϊ
нۣۡ
Ŷ˵ɱֻʣһнۺһˡ
ϵĻڻȴһ仰˵ʲô֮⣬ۺһнۣѾϣҵǰ棿ʦҲˣǸϸ
ôһ룬ŭֱţΪʲôΪʲôҸϹʱûж˵ѾϣȻĻô᷸ôĴ
Ͽ쳣Ļʵ˵״ϸ˵˵
һͣ룬ʵ˵һб߷棬ʹϽ𡭡
һ
û˵꣬㱻ϣȴױ߷϶ѾˣæĿ˵ưԣͷʹɽ񸫡
һٴ˵ڻľУ˵ǸվģͲ˵ˣʣص㣡
ᡰһſڱ˵ʣµһнۺŰٻӡ
Ůģ
ǵģһŮۣǻ˵һۣͨȻŮģңǵĹʽܹ죬ѶȲСûκα飬ҲûмʻǷȫ˵ֻǼӿٶ˵һ䣺ڻûƣҾͲ֪ˣΪҲûпʩչ
ϲʻȴǱļ㣬ڶͨҲ˳ڼŵͨӻָõĹ飬͸һɶˣǰ׵ʯҲ˺ܶ࣬ڵʱ۶˲١
ͬʱϻݸղõϢʼ˳ﻮģ
ʱȥɫˣǳߣȴǴţ磬ϴָеİɫʯѾ˽֮ڵԪѾѹ쳣ֲһ͵ųʹã
ջУܱҲҹɫ֮Уϱ߼ŵͨߵ״̬ҪһǳɣͨһԶͨǷƽʱ϶ȻôΪǿš
ϵ⵽ˮƻûȫָʹóϻ˷ͷ˷ȥʵ
νĸ⸣УΪϽӱߴͨṩ˻
ʱ֮󣬵״̬Ҳѣۣ۾ںҹΪ֮һţҪʲôô
Ϸųڵ޵ġʱʮһƬ̼ͨһ룻ЧԵģʹ࣬Ҳͺܾңʹĳϣȴǳġ
һ֮󣬡Ӱһɣ
һûЪͶ˵ʮս֮У
ӰڶҪȵһһ㣬㻨˳ϽʱĹ򣬲ŽͨɣţǡӰ
ȻģʮֱǰѶȸˣѪڻ֪֨֨ʲôĻвֹðˡɱͷΪʼգûҪسڳϣ踺أʱ䣬źƴҲҪйϢȥһҪܽЩȫõ֣һ½Ľ޵УңԱԪˣһʹ
ɻͷոðϱ㴫ʹϵģϵģҲʹѣڱգڱǧ
ӹ˵ϣȥԾգصˤͣŰҺ֪һʹΪղǸɱ뷨ԣֿģͣģģʮǱ
ûᣬʩչͣʩչҲóϷģҪ˳϶پ
һʱ֮󣬳ˡӰ㣡
ϳһֹͣʩչʹ尾һʱĻ򣬾˼һصˤڵϣųϵ۾ǿ־塭
Ȼһ˲䣬۾Ŀ־壬תһ˵һ﷢Ŀ⣬ﻹʹشţܣܡ
һУֻΪ϶ˡ


661 һţٻ
£ǹ⣬ҹɭɭ
Ӷڶţһ˵һĻ𾪣ˡٵĳ
˾ŸӰһģһӰӣ
һӦۻˣҿˣԵۻ϶Ρ
ǣ۾࣬ͷҧҧȷûۻûΣһ𣬵ȷʮӰ
ʮӰʲô
šӰѾ˵㣡
ܣԲܡֻʶţҲ۶Ŀ־壬˶ʱӰ㣿
ʮꣿǶʮꣿ
򶼱üǲˣʮ껹Ƕʮ꣬ǰʮʱʲôӰֲĳ־һҪ͵򣬾ˣʲôףʲôˣ
ҪԪͨЩγɻԾµĥܹɹģǰʵһ֪
ޱȣϳûгһۣ˾ŸӰ˶͵ȥסתʮעͬʱҲһԪڤ٣֮֮ڳΪɵ֮󣬶ԳϵİҲСĿǰϲ𣻵Ȼ֮䲻ǡɵǡ֮䡱ĻͲһˡ
ҹɫ֣ԶЩûߵǣûпϵĻӰ˻֮⣬˶Ҳǿ˸Ӿһ£ѾЩ
˶ȴһı˪ڣֱţҪţʤʤҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱӣջʼԼ壬ָԪ˶Ŀ˸ЩҪ˵˽£ڵԣ˵ӵһЦ֪⣬Ȼȥȥ֮ʱһһ˦ҡ
ûлر񣬱֮һЦǷʵ̫࣬״£Ҫǻǰǰ㣬Ĳһˣ˶ȴѾʵôˣ
ʦˡʵ˵˶˵ϵֽǣʱһֱŵĭȻˣһŨıˣӿͷﻹţǵ꣬ѡ񡭡
û꣬Ͽʵţʦʲôϵ
ʲôϵ˶ﱯ̾һһĻһĻǱӵȴΪ˷Ȼ֮仨⣬ˮ飬һá㽫÷飬Դˣɽһ꣬мֻ¹һɽǵħ׷ɱʱħΪΣǣû֮棻δ¹ɽֱһΣٴΪɽ
֮˶˵ҵĶˣŵĶˣ˹½жŽñ裬ŽҪ֮ʱţҡ
󣬲²⵽˶ʦ֮䣬ŲԵȴûжԣ˶ȴǺɻʵͽܣΪ㲻֪ò
һȨ⣬Ͻʮɽ¶˵һ飬Щ͸¶ˣû˵Ǵɽʮɽģ˶ֹ֮סǰ㽾ȴ߸Ӣĩ·
߶֮˶ųϣ¶οЦݣҺãôһӣúܺãȪֵ֪ÿҾƣЦ
ûʦûҵĽ죬ЩӵģӦġǡǬָһ
˶Ӵָͳ鶫缦Ѫʯ˵ܸṩԪ˵꣬˳Ͼܾǿ˳УֵԪָķôģңʹĻԪӦøǿٸղǸ˷ĽâǾնƻԪָķ
ԣϲһƴɱ˵׼ʲôʱ٣÷ϵߣǶ˵νѩ̿˶һ̾Ϣط˶ֵҼǵ˵ԪָܷܹвٹЧܶ˶ΪĻԪָֻ𣬿ɻԪָжģжߣжٹЧЩȴ֪䣬ֻһ֪߻һˡ
üͷϸѩʦϣϸӦΪʲôǰ״̬ħ˵ȫһҲ˵ֻ˵ﴫ似ȴûиԪָʹ÷Ϊʲô
Ҳ˶ʦ֮ĶԹ˶һį˶˵úĥĥɣ滹жս㣬ҲȲ
ϵͷһԣߵ·ͬһϵϸ˿Ѿм䣬ˣֻǰңǰ·ԽԽѣʧܣֻҪʧһΣٲ֮أ
һĥ˶֪ططǲôѣôͨҲü֮࣬ȴһ򿪻Ԫָһš
ȴǵӺڴУش˾ĿͬʱȴĪĵˣ˶ţٴ䡭
ųϥûɱǴţʲô𣿡Ȼѳɾ֮񣬻ûдӸղųϿǰٶУع
ҹԽԽŨѴǰڵһʱ̣ʱԺƻصˡһ㣬ֱ񣬳ϸϽԪ봢ָУһȦ֮ǰܶķȦȫΧ
״˶Цˡ
Ҳ֪Լط˻ԪָһţǷȦϷֳ˱ǰ֮⣬ƺ˵
ϸϸоȻ֮󣬳Ͻ֮һߣһ̣׵ģ˶ȥ˵лл֮󣬽˶뿪Ϻ
˶ȴҡҡͷ
ҪȰ˵˶˵ȫģǺһһ뿪㣬˵ǿߣһһԲʣҲЩֵܵġ
ԣϺ˶ĿĲ⣬뾡ܵİ˶˵ҲʵתͷӣЦ˵ֻһССĳһһˣҲܽʰˡ
ðɡ
ϻ֣ȴǴ⣬ǳ¶
ʱ𣬲ǴӵӵĵﴫԾ֮ϣǺҹɢȥ̫˵ƽߡ
켴ƬƬָ꣬Ļζ÷㣬пչ㣬õŨȵȣؼ䣬ǽΣתƮ䣬
һ㲻ǰٻ
ջָ֮䣬ɵɵؿЩͣţ˶͵ӣҲڰٻ֮УԲѡ
ȴϲ̱ڵϣûҶ
ͻأٻһֻѤӣϷ


662 ֮Դ
ɸɫɵĲɫһȻ̬ϷһĻǰͣ˿ûΣյϢͺǡϲĻҪɵϣפͣһ㣡
ڡԽԽʱ򣬿һЦ˵ٻ㣬ôһͼ˴ɱаλƹӣģǺܿģ𣿡
ǧãнĻ𣿡
һˣܶİٻŶջζţŮӵӰӿ֡
òƱסĳϣһ飬û뵽۾ȻͬʱһΣԣǴӡ
еŮӣ䶼󣬻ò绨Ӱ㣬Ц绨ʢŮЦݸ˵ĸоȴȫһ
һ߹ʥַһ֣һ۱ֱ
ǵĶԻ֪߹Ǹ϶ǰٻӣһǧˣŮ˾ǰ㣬Ϊ۵ǣôҲǻŰϹˣǵòýͣǰΪأʲô󵤣ȫСƣǧַഺò
ԽԽˣٻ˵ǧúǼˣǽͰ㣬ˣΣ
ٻãʳأȤһ㡣ǧ˵ֱ꣬ӷǰٻһЦɫţƾ㣬뱾ھŷ֮λԲƣɲô׶ԸģûǸǱߵ𣿶֮ǰǻǾʦ֡
ǧ˷ɵбϿգվڡٻ棬Цֹӣ𣿡˵ţѩ׻ֱۣ촽ֱһ˵ԸˣǻţӶɴֱ

ϳճ˵룬ǹֱĿӸ鲻Խ㸡˿УǧȥϵĿ⣬ʼնû뿪ǧˣһֱǧ˿
ǧ˼״ЦͷףŪ°ڣ˵ֹӣ˼Ҹ˼һ᲻˼ġǧ˵ô˵ţȴǴת
û˵ֱȥٶԽԽ죬һͷ˵ǣҪȥ˺Զٻüͷ壬ƣľ׶Ըһ㷴ûУ
ٻôıǣϵӣȴûһƽǧյЩֳģһģһôЩͨһ㣿ĪǣնɱסˣǸϸ
뵽⣬ٻӸϽɢɨȥȴûκηֵ֣ģǸͶ첻κΣգֻһȺ϶ѡ
˶ϣҲǵǣѣȴסҡҡͷǿڼֹı֣Ǹǧǿߣǳ񣬳Ҳû˿֮ڳһûУֻ˵һ£ǹģ
ֹӣĺô˴أٶȺÿ졭ǧƺûаٻǵĵһһ¶֪ŮӣһһһһüëӶȼֹЩŮӣǿǧ򱶣ŵЩŮӣģŭ
һֱڳϸѾǧ˵ǰǧбͷŴ˵ֹӣ˼Һȣܰ˼ҿ𣿡
ƮڿУŤ֮䣬ӣ¶ѩ⻬ļ֣ʵ˫壬羪һƳͨ죬ֱǧ˵ϸȥ
һ̣ٻӡӵˣȫ۾ûһţӵϣ̱ڵϵĻ򣬻ҶȻҪϵЩƣΪԪڤ٣ѪĳӣŸӰֹϬȫ˵ȥǰ׼ڱɱֲ⣬ǸٵϢҲҪȥǣ򲻸ҶֺͷҶ롣
Ѿǧ˵ıɴȴȻûһ֣ǧ˵ĿУһ˿ɻ󣬱ǧҲһֱųϣֻҪһ춯óϳԲ˶ߣкܶɱûأ
Ȼû쳣
ϵ֣Ѿűɴϣ¶ȣǿҰֱ֮ϮǴصĴϢǴŵѪȵζֱӡ
ǧһ켴ϽץסֻҪµ֣֮˵ֹӣΪңǲԸʲôȥ
ϵͷд顱
˼ҿˣܽѪҽʰǧ䣬ϺԥͻָָʱѪӿһĻֱðٻԻѣǧ˶һ£һת˲ţЦ˼ұܿʵģɿˣҵСĸξʹҰֹѪ𣿡
ǧ˵ȴǲȥϵѪʲôıǧ˱߽ͷȥҪ˱Ѫָлɻ󣬡˲أ飬Ŀ⣬ȴô棬ѵսһ˵ԵʣϢ
͵ǧҪӣ˱ʱѪָͻؼϮǧˣȴǡǬڶָ̲ʮϮǧ˵
ǧ΢ȴ鲻䣬һֻץȥǧ˲֪ȻŤ˳ȥǣȻûѡǬڶָһ
ָǧ˵ұۣһɭȻѪϡȭҪɱ֮ʱֻͻһʱһɷ糯Ϯɷ磬ȴķ磬ȫǽâǽâɷ磡
ûᣬֱԪָķͬǰʹȦȾֱЩâȫֵ⣬Ȧȴû
ٻüһʢֻ㲻ͣųײȥֱ׷ǧˣղһûдﵽԤĿģŮˣĻҪ죬ϸСˡ
ǧӰɣԹ˵ֹӣ㲻˵𣿿úģȻ˼ҳ֣˼ң㲻𣿡ǧ˵ģ˼£һͲҪȥ֮С
ѾնɵĳϣȻᱻǧԻ󣬲ңҲûټװԻӣֻһΣǰľôױջԣϱɻĺ濿ʱͲˣ
Ц˵ȷϧЫ
ٻҲ˵ǧȤо
ܺðǰĶ̫ûսˣһ㾢ûУպúʣúϲǧ˻ЦţҶԳ˵ֹӣ˵ٻʲôֹϲϲٻ㣬Ҫϲ˼ҿܰæŶ
˵ţֻŽâġѾ˹һͷײڷȦ֮ϣɢٻ֣ƬƬ裬ϰΧǧ˵ĽЦ֮Уһζɢǧ˲ͣЦţ˵ĶƫƫǱ飬һʥ֮Уǧ㴽һţ֣֮Դ
ʱϸоǰɽɽˮˮ첻졭


663 

ϿܣȫȻǸղƴɱĳǰɽɽˮˮȻһϤĸоٶۿȥⲻСĵط
׼Ҵ壡
ʹһһţ
϶
ԶϤ𣬳Ӧһæȥվſڵ
ϲȻᣡ
Ҫһһʱȴʧˣתֵ֮ѩϱѩȥɽ
һһѪ븹С
ʮɽ¹ᣬնۣΧ
һ˲䣬ɴӨδл䣬ȻϹܿűΧдҩ֮Ϲܿȥ
һĻһĻƻƫƫָоôʵʵʵڵ侳һ㣡
ʩչ֮ԴǧˣϣЦȫʧֱţƣǾ֮ɽ
أǧֳָЦݣȻǿ󣬶ԼҲݣʱգܴﵽǲ󼰵ĸ߶ȣֻϧ죬ȴҪҵ
ǧ˴ӳϵ￴ϴӶﱧڵһɫʱУͻըһ
أͬУһó϶ʱع׸ղŵһУõģֻһ

еĳһХ֮ˣ顢顢飬ȫػĶҲΪ̫ںԣ׵ģǧ˵ġ֮Դ
ǧϵĿХɫ䣬ôѹǧѪ֮ԴżȻ֮طʴӰ쳣ȫȻźۼС֮ԴߣһһΣʵģõģټ٣Զ˯вѡ
ǡ֮Դһƣǧ˵Ҳش
ǸΪʲô֣ԭľûǸ⵽ô¶ǸҲ
ǧ˻ھ֮ʱѾɱȥͬʱҲǸѵϤǰڴ֮£ҵͬһҪҵʲôʲô˻ǡ϶֪Ӻʱÿ˯ԣΣ֮ʱ
˿̣ϵѾ˺ۣȫǻĹͣΪв֪Ȼʱ򣬷ȦҲ֪ɢЩת㽫ն˸ˣǳĵ֮£ȫָټϰٻǧ֪ڳϵһУûʹȫʹóֻˣ
ҵΣ㡪ء
˵ţѪֱնһʽڼǧμƬֵסڼȴֱӱն˸飬ٻЦݣ˵һٱӻ
ٻٳ֣컨£ƺˣֱӿϣ
۾Ѫޱȣ׼ҴأǵĵؽϣҲѳǧ㾢Ե׵˼֮飬ûлȥһ±¶˰׼Ҵ壬¶˵ףԼڱµ֮£۵ףŮˣȴǿ׵òǴһڣһǰȥǺǲ룻ǵĳʲô¶ǡ
ˣһҪǧ
컨ֱ꣬Ӻӣͷųףҽ۶İףȫͷųһƬ֮УЩһ䵽У˼£㱻ٳɻҽ
ٻǱ䣬ҪٴμɱУȴŻڸʹɫҪҪٻӱ˵ǧãȻϲ棬ǾһɣһԹս
㣬һ
Ȼǧ˻ûдӡ֮ԴƵʵлعһȻջ󣬳ҲûٻӣֱǧɱȥҲͬʱƴɱܸƣã
Ͻ۳һ׷ɱǧˣͬʱʩչߡǧҲ۳ٶȶ죬ǧˡ
Щ𣬵ǹ죬ȻǧţȴĿ˵ֹӣԣӦǳӣҶ㣬ĸоˣϲҪǿˣ㿴˼ҳҲҪȣͲҪ׷ɱ˼
ӡ֣ɱŨ׻ɫÿһ֮ϣ֮Χɱǧˡ
ǧ˻Ц˵˼ҲϲǿˣϲˣΪˣΪˡǧڻŤӰһּջó΢ӿһֵĸое
ˢˢˢն似նֵĸоʧǧˡסһնɵġն似˼ȽնɵЩͷõúöˣֻǣնҿ
ǧҲ˻һǧ֮УȻ׷ҧǧˣһǧϵȴһֱֱڼֹġ𡱼ͻơ
ʲô𣿡ţϲͣʩչšն似Ҫնȥ
ղŹΣǰ𣬻򶼲֮ڳϣû׼ͬʱȴ̤ڿУ˵Ըٻӡ

ٻǧͬʱһףͣѵ˵ȻѾˣֱһ췽ҹ̷֮£ٻӵȣ㾹Ȼұһڣʦ֪ʲô
˵ϻаɣ
ѾóʮӰһɱ˰ٻӣٻ¶ɻ󣬸оŹ죬ȴ˵򣬰ķһٻȻͲǱӵĶ֡
ٻ˵ţ꣬ȴп˵ķѾóϸˣԺţɱ㣬òŷ
ۣҲ˵˴󻰣Ұٻ֮£Ͳزס
ٻǧתȥЩӰһնɢҪնȥ֮ʱȴüǲͣҿлһ鶫ֱϮ
˵ٻӻ׾ʲôȴ˼ƽϣǿȵһߣóţЩǿ鶫ȥ
š֮ĻɱٻӣնĽâնһС֣ٻӼ˴󾪣ɿϵļᶨ֮ɫ˵ͷ
һߣʩչˡʱǧܵӰ죬ҲӯǧȻûлţ˵ӣסеɣҿԸأ
˵ţǧϵԽʢǧ˻ĻУ䡭
ʱһ֣
¡ըԶ


664 ɳףȱ˺
ȳ֮ʱٻӵĻ۳һţײţٻȻҪײҪһͶʹû̵ܹʱڣٶȳ嵽ϵߡ
ȻԱ
ýâնһ֣ҪٻӸһһɱʣͬھĻᣡ
ֻϧڰûûҹĻЩʧ飬ﻹЩУ̫һЩһϷݵøͲ棬ûȫסĹãһΪ϶
֮ǰ»ûȡȵľһ̣ûһش
ԣͷţײʱ򣬻ͱˣ·̫ͻȻڻ׳ٵľ֮еİٻӣҲۣţʱը÷飬ͳȥǿ鶫ͬըûӰը˲Ϯٻϡ
ۣ
ٻ³һѪʧɫѵӣٿˣ޷֮£۵ġԱܣҲ˲ᣬӰԹޣ
ǣŭаٻûгûϣԹĿ⣬תĮ翴˰㣬·Ѿˣ
ʩչԪǧ˴˲ٵ鷳ǧҲǰ׶ΧɱϿǴŹ⻪СһӣҪԤУá𡱴Σգֻԡ
ԤУûڼֹǰ㣬ɡȼմǲͣʩչšն似еġ𡱸ն
ͬʱָ͹ǧˣǧһЦȦٰ㣬ӣҰ𣬲㿴ӣʹ࣡
ϲնʩչն似ͬʱͷǹֱӻǧ˵ķȦ֮ʱǧ˸֣ǧ˼ԼЧһţˣҲһͣϽתԪ࿹ｿٻ㣬һ㲻ҽס𣿡
ٻҲһ㶣ǧ԰һУȻƣʲôãûԥ֣еΣճ̶ȣھ򡰱ԱһºѾӣǧ˳⣬治ýٻһ֣ǴֱʣһתȡһԼ߸ߵĻ֦Ծй⻪ת֦ͷϵĻŭš
ֻȴûмֻŰٻһҡǽεĻ֦ͷ䣬裬Ʈǧ֦ͷϵĻȴûбЩ컨Ҳ۳ײȥ
ͬʱǧ˵֮ʱϳǹġ֮ԼߡһʩչֱϮǧˣǧ˼ɱȻԳһЦȻŤӡ
ǡʱٻӵɱ֮δ֮ǰЩһκڻ𺣣໥ײҧײһΣ³ɭȻâնɱŻȴնɢһײ
ڻһһεĳײ֮Ул䱻յҵ뻨Ųɱʱԣ͵ֲػٻüͷ
ŰٻӵʱΣս£ȴǲУ
ϡȭɱǧ͵תȭͷסΪǰģǧˣϹܿžӨ⻭ϧģƫƫǰȴѪţֱȥ֮ࡣ
ʱʮɽеǸ棬һɽһҹļȲ࣬ڳԺֻȭͷҲҲȥ˵еġ𡱣ڵֱ
ϴסˣǧҡӣߵߣ˰Χǧٴʩչ֮Դһεġ֮ԴһȴǴͬ
һصΣʵģ
ξУ롰Ϲܿӵһ𣬡Ϲܿһ˿ңѩ׼ûһ˿˿覴ãϹܿ˳ϣӡš
šϹܿǺ͸ϵġҲԽԽ
ٻӼƲ˰㣬һ˽һˣɫ¶ɫǼʣ컯֮£Ԫֻľʹͻƣҡ֮ǿ
ͬʱڳεһ̣ռϷĻͻػɢ󣬰ٻһߣɢɻƬƬâնն鿪ɢķ
֮УϹܿý˵ţ˵ᰮԶġ˫ϸųϵӣʵ𣿡
ûлشȴǵͷȥ
Ϲܿų飬һ˲ӣϹܿȻϹֻܿǧûġ
ǧ֮ǰĻᣬһͻȻϮôӳе֪ġϹܿһٽϸסԼóƻõΡ
˿̣ǧϲţϵ˲һ϶ǳ˴ˣһ᲻һξ͸ɱˣֻϧ뽫նɱУʵ̫ҪԪˣֻҪõԪаٷ֮ʮİսнۣңѪ𣬻ҵɳƷ׸ߣϣֱ͸ҵΪ˱㣬㾡ҵӰɣܶôҰ
Ҫȥǧͷϱ㿴ǧţɾҪʱ򣬳ȴòԾоʲô
ͻأĿ⻮Լŵಿλһ̵˺ۣȻţʱȱʲô̫ˣֻǣȱһ˺ۣ
Ϲܿһʱ䣬࣬٣ٵÿҲΪˣϹܿһһУ϶쳣̣һڵһϹܿΪ뿪ಿλ£
˵Ϲܿõҩ˺۳ɳϿϹܿ񣬻ֱϬϹܿ϶ȥ˺ۣ϶ţҲԶһǲһ˺ۣһ飡
ǰ壬ȴû˺ۣ
˵Ů˲ϹܿǸǧˣ
Σˣ
ʵ类ͷȣһˮת˲֮ޱȷŭˣе𣬾ȫתŭ𣻻ˣ޵飬ֲܻ˼񣬼״˼˷Ǳ˼ˣҲ֮ã𽵹
ǣϲһϹܿǲµģϹܿ飬Ͷζһϣǧˣеģֻ
ԣŭˣŭԼĸ鱻ϷŪŭ˸ҼװŮˣװϹܿջ£ǵ
ŭȼյñ֮ǰʢһٱ
ԣǧпϲųʱȡƽʱǧ˿϶ԤУڵƮƮأǰٻӣӿ˲
ɲȰٻӳѣѾ̽ǧ˵࣡
ǧȻʹͻŴ󵽼£ϵ٣ҲǼţ뼫ȸ߳ʱӣЩƣֻڵǧˣǱϵµʵ𾪵ûزǧֱӣ뿴׷ʲô£
ϵȻٸǧ˻ᡣ
ȥ
ǧˡһҽУȴ󺰵𡪡١


665 ɱ
һţٴ̵
ǧ˵ķڳǰûãǽ۵ӣǿ̶ȣ͵ס̣Ѫֱڳϡ
ҽУֱٻӾѣٻһ˿ԻǧռϷ簡Ѿǰ̶ȣǧ˶϶ûгĿܣǡ
ǧڻعһ˲䣬ҲĲ⣬ΪǸٴγʹóġ֮Դûٽ֮У˳ֵ׼ԼΪգųϽһУҪûԪ˵ġɳ׵Ʒס
ȻһжҪɹ֮ʱֱˣ
ûǸ֣ΪƣѵǧţϳѴ̽ĵǧֱ춯ء
ҽ䣬ɳױ㽫ϰΧɳ׵¶ȣôߣǣɳ׸һ˲䣬еġ𡱱ˡ
ȼգҪӸپԽȼԽɳ׵İϼͣǳѽǬתתŸǼֹġն似ȼ䣬Ѿٻˡ
ͬǰ׼ҴʱĳϣΧֻлһ;
Ȼûٻ٣ڵľҲ䲻Ͻն似ʩչ£ȴһЧٻӲ⣬Ѿɱڶǿ֦ϣɨҶƮÿһƬҶӣ̺ĪĽâ֮
߾ȫѹеġ𡱣ˮͺ׵ı֮ס𡱣ȴסЩԪԪȵȣȫûãѾʴѪ⣬ѪڻΪޣǿĵң״֮£ϸͷֲԪӦԪָķֻŽâն
˵ϵǿٻӵľԪâҲҳǧնǲûȫӣ˺ٴۡ
ٻȻǧھŷ֮λǲˬǣǧ˱նɱǰٻӲܽܵģлᣬ϶ҪǧΣ֮ʡ
ǣƱת̫죬ǧ˶ûзӦͱɱ͸˵ٻˣһɽϣǧ˵ѵһͿ˾ȫɵۣŭͲɶ񣬸ϸ
˾ƵȥΪЩ˾ƳǵƶǴ˵ģԣʦӦû֪˾Ʋ֪ʦϢʢŭ
һߣٻӵɭȻޱȣȵɱ
ʱЩ컨ǧϪ󺣣ӿһɱˣͬɱ㣬ֱϮ϶ƴֱո̵áꡱ첻ѡ
롰һ飬ҲѹƣϾסԼڡ֮£ȴǿƲסϹܿһ޻棬֣ͣǻֻϹܿζӵұš
ϹܿζӵұһֱǳϵԸһ𣬸պ˳⣬𡱸ǲƣϻһǿҵĸоԸӵұ֮Уˣ
ʱٻӵġɱХնɱϮϵʱƤѪɣɱ֮ǰɱ¾˿ֱ׹ǣһһģɱͬа㣡
ɱһնֹǹ컨ԽӿԽ࣬Խ׳ɱһһ޼ЪնɱųһһƤ
ϻ벻취ĽͺǱеƤһûˣʲôûˣˡ
ڡɱնʹ֮µĳϣûʹѷֺˣΪУֹζϹܿŮˣеӡ
䳡棬޵£ȫͨ죬ٵͨ죻еġն似ԽնԽ˿ôȫˡУԽԽŮˣ޵Ļ桭
Со˵ΣվأֱӴɳף̴ڳֱۣעһҺΣСٻӳȥٻӿСһߣӣ
һƬնСϡ
顱һСûٻϣֱն룬ǹ컨꣬С˸ϡãٻӾȣȴ˵رǻٻĳӣ
һƬ꣬СϣսӴϣը
ɹ컨걬ըûֹסССɱŨɱٻӣٻӲٶԣϹ֦һҡϮϵġɱȴǷֳɱˣնС
СһҺΣڳԺʹȼյġ𡱣һ£һͣϻָѣһҪЩԺкȥ
Ȼ޼գ
ƴϣƴȼѪⱻɱ㣬ô죿ѵҪ˻𲻳ɣܣܡ
ĵĻ棬ڡȼ𣬳ѪУŨŨս⣬ϿɳףѾָ˱Ŀǧˣ۾ǧ֮ǰɸһǸˮΣҪ󣬡ֲ֮ǰǧ˵ҪǺֹ𣬶
ÿһ˶Ȼܹȼգ𡭡ţͻԺһ棺ǧ裬ȴӰ죡
˵ʲôϱڡȼʧȥǣʱڻָ˹ܴҾͲ𣿴棬֮£
ͨڣŷ𡱣šɱնޱȵȡǧ˵Ԫˣ̷ٻӱޱȵСסҲųϣٵطɱˣԣ˳ϵϸ΢䶯
Ԫ˸븹ɳױ㽫Ԫ˰ΧǡҲһΧȥһѪǬתอѡ
ҧ̣ƴԪ֮ܿأԪ֮㱻һŲʵľڣһ̽ӱ֪⾧ǡӡĴڣ
Ųʾֵһɲǣȫڳϵġ֮УŲʾ徹Ȼʼ仯ˣӲѤĿ
Ҳš𡱱϶ٸɣȻǻ滹ڣȻС𡱲ǣ١𡱣
˵ʱˡ֮ǿʯͷǣϵüͷûչӽ
Ϊšӣϲûд֮ԽǿԽѴҶԳǱΣվԽһ̣𡱶û˺˵һ̣Ͼͱ
СѾɱٻǰٻй֦һȦһ»ǽبСǰ棬Сһ̽ǽǽʱζҪСɱ
Сʱˣ˳Сûˣ⺷أҪǽһҺ
ͬʱ¶ɫóһԪˣǿźԪˣ


666 ɽ̻
Ǽ«ߣʦ塱
ǰŭ
ķŭ
һ⻪طŭ𣬱ǧߣǧԨ˲䱻Ϊɣһֱ쵽ӿȪˮߣ
󣬱һļį
ûһ˵ʲôһĻ֮󣬰ɫƣ˵Ʊնɱ
ʦ壬ɽ
˾ƸϽ˵ﻹʦûǨŭһ
֪ҡͷ˵㲻ɽ

˾ɻɻ֮ʱ˵פһɽʧȻϷĹʧǾϷﲻӦԵģǳۣȻشѾָΪȻһҲᱻǰŰɱԣϷҪɽ
ҲΪǧ˵ȫĹܹͣ˶̵ʱڣɱۣΪΪƴɱĽûܵ˿ͻָңоСˮš
˾ƴһ켴ϲ˵ʦɽɹƣΨѡ
ϣٻӹһ٣ǳϷɱΪأ˾һݣ뵽һƣǴӰƳô񣬸Ǿʦɽ
飬Ҳаͣͣм£ֹͣչأ⣬ʦǳأϱʦûгأ˭Ҳǰȥţ𣿡
쳣˾ƳӦоҪԡ
󣬰߳««켴𣬲ڣûгֹûдǽȥӰһǹӿȪ
ңԶ֮صܴõϹսĵ٣֪ԼǸϲǸŭɱԽˮܵǲ㱻ص޾Ԩ޷᣻ͬҲɱһһһۣһһһεжֻ˻ᡣ
ǰҲƣҲ𣿡ٿЦãתټ̶Բ
һߣ̷˴ָеһԪˣҪӦǹޱȵġ𡱣һҪǾ巢֮ǰ
ҪȻġ𡱣ٴηϮϸǺ޵ֿ֮
š𡱱ҲܶԪ˷ȦֵɱȦ֣ɱ֮
ٻǱߣС³ҺΣССʱȻըһɢֱǻǽٵһɶٻӾޱȣ벻һֻĹֳӣȻ˴ɱ
ǽƳ֮Сֱɱٻӣٶ֮죬ðٻһף켴СŨȤǽʱ֡
ͬʱٻҲֳķȦֵˡɱĴ󲿷ܣüʱ껨һӵƣ»꣬ɫĻɢŸָĻ㣬ţЩһ۳ɡ
һȣǽâ磬ǻͻӿһȣһ籩籩ɱ֮˲ʮ࣡
ɱײڷȦ֮ϣն£ؼʱ̵ĳϣڲԪάֻԪָķȦƬ̼󣬷Ȧ٣ɱնֱӱײǧס
ͬһ˲䣬һŻۣ˳ϵѪ֮ϡ
ٻӼ״Цˣٻ֮ܽʮһħޣֱӶ
ʱС̶𣬸оΣյСһʮǽ̵ٻӵǰٻӲûмΪֻ׷Χڣͻغƾӿȫǻ
ţС·˻һ֡
ٻЦðӣٱ֮ӾͽỨھǲӦúǲɣӵĹ̻Ļޡ
˵ţٻһʩչ־Ҫ̻СϣСоΣս٣ѣҲͣ³ҺκըʹðٻŴβܵóѣŭѡ
Ǳߣͣȶ򣬡ɱնɱǻ֮㸽Ѫ֮ϣ͸
ڣҺƬ⣬߷£ֵסķЩֱ˺ǧٿף޸
ѣ޸ѣ޸
ѭսУ֮ԽԽʹдĳϣġСУͻɱأ𱻴
ͬʱǿɳ׵ӣɢܣӿֲ
нǿӱǿɫһݣԥؼѪӿٶȴ
ǻ֮ȴûȥᣬɻ֮档
ʱ֮СӿҺΣٻüͷչӿ㻹ʲôֶΣٻ־ѹ£ϧȥһգٻӵġٻȴǱŨ޵Ѫ֮ɫ
ٻüͷ壬ЩѪġٻӲʵСѪġٻУȴǸл
һֻССӣȴ̲˶Ѫٻôһ䣬üͷչѪҲһֺܺõ֣
˵꣬ٻӽ̻ѪġٻУ̻ʼȡѪӺԼ뿴жѪ
ٻһЦ̻ϵĻ䣬ȴ趯ȰٻӵĿ⿴ϣȴٴü˰ٻ֮ػܼôʱ䣿ѵٻ֮ЧԲܰٻֻ֮бӲнҩ˾䲻ǰ
ٻɻ֮ʱȴѾˣḶ́ȻһнԪҿ˽֮𲻵ˣҪ˳ϵˣģҲǷǳ޴󣻳ҲףΪεѩʦǰ룬Ҫǡѽ⣬ϿܻҪһʱ䣬Żȥ
ǿŵ飬ٴη仯
ոմ꣬ûаϢ߶ǿšնȥ
䡱һΧϵըѪٵһƬ޲ĻᶼûУϴ󾪣Сˡ֮
֮£ศɣֱ֮һ˿ƴʵԳϵĿǰȻ˲ǣϣڵѪ񶼷ǳ˷ܣսȵ˷ܣǱܵ˷ܣڡ𡱷ٵѪ󣬳ϵġ𡱾ͻһ¥㡣
ûʱҲûȥֻǽһпԹӹȥ
ʱٻ֮Ķ
Ҳֱӽ䵱ڵһֱӹɳ׵ӡ


667 ħ֮
ɻ۳ɵġȳһĻۣҲǰٻ֮ʵٻ֮ҲǻľȻһҲٻ֮˵
Ȼٻ֮һϮֱӱȫڣǶûΪһ̲ˮﻹСԣ
ٻ֮ʹ˵ɳ׵棬ȼյġ𡱣ɰһ£ʱϻһ飬һݣϲ֪ٻ֮ΪҲûȥΪʲôܹѹס𡱣ȴǸϽİٻ֮ȫӡ
ɫ
šϽԪһԶϣ䣬رҲڱǿܡ
ҡҡ׹
СڡٻѪٻ̻˴Ѫ֮Ĺ̻Ȼ΢մȾһЩɫ
Ȼɫֻܵһ㣬ٻȴǷǳע⵽ˡ
ɫҫڰٻۿһ̣ٻɫһͣ켴紺︴յ㣬Ź⻪ҲǼֱţ̻û뵽ѾһûгɳĹ̻ЩѪȻٴˣ⡭
ʱ򣬰ٻȻǲٴС⣬ҪС³Ѫάֹ̻
ٻӿСϲȴüġɱǿٻ֮ǷʤǸӦ˲ŶԣƫƫúúõģȻģЩǱ
ٻ֮ĶЧǧġӦʩչɹˣΪӣûб٣ٻ˼⣬ȴӿһɲԤУɫһ䣬ֳһأǻоҶĻһɻζڿС
ɢ˶ǱߣΪԵ͵ŵӣһͷ˵أ˶ӵҲǲ԰ף޻֮˶ʩչҲ費ѣȫ࣬˿ҲޣԽԽƵԽԽѪҺҲ
ƢĻ㣬ȴȡĻ
߽ʵ˶Ǻ޻֮ɴ˿ɼ⻨֮ǿ
ٻӿǱ߳¶ɫۻ³ѪС󶨣룺ٻ֮ãħ֮ǣܿܵ𣿡
һ˲䣬ٻ̧ͷϣϵȻδٻǰ㣬ڵأڰٻ롰ӵҪֶܼʱ䡱ʱ򣬰ٻӵȻ֮ɫ˾֮顣
Ϊٻӿ϶ˣ˫һץʩչУΪֵɱǽЩ㡱һռ
Ҳ˶ӵվ
ܡ
ٻӲ֪ǵڼ³֣оصġħ֮ǡȫϣŹ̻֣һٻ֮ܶʮһޣħ֮ҲԲ˶ߣ㡭
˵ٻҲ϶Ѱ·ֵǣĵӿһֵĸооƲڡħ֮ǡϡ
ħ֮ǡ壬Ҳӣ⹥󣬸ԣ𡱸üͷ֪Щ֮ǰĻۣǶ
ЩѹҲһֶԶ
ϴ˿벻ףһ֮ȴǸΪɡħ֮ǡħ֮ǡ˶һƬ룬ӵ˵״̬źһ㣬ȴȻվܵԪҲ΢΢
Ƭʱ֮ڵɳӣڡħ֮ǡԪԼȵȵĽݵĹ֮£ڱ
ɳһڡ𡱵ķ֮䵽ɳϻ˿˿⣬ܸо֮У
ϲŲȥʲôϲӻ֦ӿġħ֮ǡȴ壬ѹѹҺǰ㡣
̻ϵĻ䣬ɫôȴɢķΧǱһƬСٻӿ⣬϶Ǵϲϲڣһɫ꣬ȴѾٻӵһ˷ܡ
ʲôʲôٻֱƣԵظоƵ״̬ǰҪ࣬ħ֮ǵ鵤ҩ
ٻüһ߳ЩҡҷŵĻ֦ӵϷֱ̳ϣʱ˻ԪָķĻ֦ڹȦϣȻǴ̵ùȦҲѡ
΢ΪԪָʱķжǿٻӸ𾪣һͷֱԶħ𣿡
ٻӲͷųħ֮ǡϱѹţת˵ʮһУͷŽϰΧʱЩ꣬л֦ȫҡ
ϻŰٻ˵ܹǲľһ֣𣿡

㲻ǣҲܽǣ
һЦ˵£ꡢ֦ȫضֱжȥ

ٻӹ˲ȥȣ˫ַɣƮƮ¸Ļ֦ӵҪٻ
ж٣٣

ϲᣬŻֻϢ֮󣬰ٻɫ䣬ЩϽĻ꣬δ뵽ǸͿήˡ
һƬήٻӲʲôǣĻֺ꣬ؿήξȫһˣ˵ĸоֻſֲ
ٻеСڰٻ֮ʣлûУУѪù̻š
ٻ𾪺۾ԶսĽߣݶ֮ɫЩ߱ŽҵŸָĿΪھħŰŢȵ֮ǻᰲȻܵʲô
˿̣ھήĻͻأÿһ˵ǰһ仨˾ʲô죿
԰Ҵûп
Щôƾն֣Ϊʲô
仰һеߣȫ뵽һֿܣɫ䣬ԥأеˣȾܣҪĻķ죬صأѪѭѪѭʮ˰ֶԼٶȣ뿪֮
ȻӳȥɲǣЩ֮ȫǵ壬ȫͬһλãģҽڿա
⸱棬Ҫж죡
ÿߣŮ٣㶼ͷ
֮»ûֻ꣬һ仨ͷһɲǣ˸Ҷ˾ɣԽԽԽԽ欣
ĸϵ˲쵽ߵÿһ䣡
ǣֻһ˲֮䣬Ͳ˼ʮ꣬ϣʱơ
϶ۿţЩߵڿٵţ


668 ˣӣ
ţ
ߵǳõʮɲľһ
ֻǣһ̵ǲľһ̵ȴǻ
˵֮ľĲҲغ蹵
ЫŮˣ湻ݶһɷŭɽӲΪԼʲôҪԾ²ΪΣңЩߣǰҪҪȥȡһ󣬻ȡпܣҲɱǡ
վڳϵĽǶ˵Щ๼ϵķŭȫûκɣһֳԱ˳ŵĸо
ǣƫƫͳķŭˣǰδеķŭϯȫΪ뵽ˣİˡˡѡֵܣںˣںˣЩһٻӣһڵˣĥ
ҲһһҪ
ϴŭһȼеĻ껨֦һ˲ȫήʲôɱʲô㶼ΪޣϴǸУٻӡ
ٻӿųе׺ݺͱŰһֲֿ֮УٻɻЩҪɱЩʩչֻΪγϻ˱ŭǴһ㡣
ߡһʩչ˲ִٻǰҲڡٻѪСŭʢмȻը죬ٻʩչĻǽӰ١
ȭգٻһɫԶЩøʢЩߵŵԽ죬Щ˺ֶΣûõȵȵȵȣȫûãղϣǰβǣԼĨ˲ӡ
ɻŵǣôĨӡ
ϣҽÿһ
ϹҵˣͷҲһֻϹ棬Ϲûüҷȵȣȫû⣬ҷ˿ǿ־壬Ǻڣ־Ĳڵ΢ǿ־ڳϵ⺷նɱһһǿߣúúõġ
ߣҲںţôûиŸղЩߣˣͲһѣǣ֮ǰΪĶǣƱɣֻҪˣһڵˣȻǲҪġ
УڵģĪϹϹɢʱ̣ţҪܽŮ޸ƣϹҲлΪһҰɣ
ţϹԺͻһ⣬æþȫɤӺƣȾңϹܿ׵Ϲܿ׵ҪŮ϶ῴģңֻҪңҾͽŮ޸㣡
ϹһԣʱϹҵˣ·Ȼéٿһʲô桱塱̡߸硱ģȫð˳ƾǺĻƣǡү
ٻƴɱĳϣЩɴ⣬ϹܿĵˣϻЩɻ󣬿켴뵽ϹԴϹܿģжʱһƬ䣬ȵҲʳӣ㲻ʳӣҪʳޣ޲Ϊܿ׵
ۣܿܿʹĥ֮ʱʲôڱʹ࣬ڣܿˣֻϧˡ
˵仰ʱԼܰһڵĳĮԹű֮ɣʱǸӣģƵףͻش˽
ϲо֣ҡҡͷ뷨ѹ£صһ飬ܿڲϹճ
Ϲҵˣ⣬ȫ֮ɫΪ˻ȴڴšүϹѾǰ׷Բԣʮָת磬ȴţôʲôŮƣֻҪңϹҵһμ

ϴЦţᣬʩչо̤ٻ̤ȥٻ¶ʹ֮ɫ֮ǰֻͷơ
⣬۾ͻӿبűʶƣҪЩڻϣ˵ǰ򣬻ûбֻģͰٻ֮⣬˶һŮˡ
ŭ˼£ȴƽֻƽÿ£
鸡ڿգϹע𣬡ڼնڿգһִߣֱնٻӣٻӿǹߣɫ䣬־ץС³ѪĹ̻Թأնϡ
ʱ˶ǰҲǶɸҪͷ֮ʱȴŰٻӱϴϣЩڵأήˡ
˶ӵˣ龪һһۿֲֽ֮Ŀ⿴˳ϣǶţǾܻڰٻУõĽ֣ɱ
Ͻոԡڼնǹ̻ȻˣĻȴǱնһ䣬ٻӵɫҲЩ԰ס
һ
۾¶⣬ڼһʽһʽٻնȥٻֵȴһˣٻп𾪲ѣƾȻܴ߷ѹɱȥܲ
ƣڱǰ֪ʲôٻ˵һ䣬ȴô˻һ־ԶֻǣʱЩûɢǸϡ
ЩߣڰٻǿߵǰȻǲһȫԺԲƣǣԣЩߵΪҲǲ͡
ɾƬʱڣߣ˸⣡
Щ֦Ҷï˴߽Ϣ֮ԭһһĻȻϳһˣˣȱܻҪ󣻶Щȴγף
ЩͨߵӡԪΪȵȻɵ
ЩǵĽ֣ǻ
˴ϱٶ֮죬ڻγɵһ̣ٻǱЦΪ࣡
ӣ
һЦҲӣ
˵ţϳնһ棬ɳףһٻ֮أǧ˵ɳףôʩչ
⾪ȣ˰ٻ֮ǰһ飬۸֪رɳ׵ǧϸǿ
ɳ׾ϵġƷߣȻǿٻȴǲֱ֪Ϊǳʵԭ򣬰ٻӿˣҪɳ׵ķΧɳ׵
ǣһֱɳװΧ˵ӣҲҪ䵽𡪡١
䣬䡱һ£ڰɣ
ٻӵ˫գ˲䷭Σ


689 ƿأ
ٻӲӣҲ̲ǸޱȵɳרŽڡ޷ŴҴﵽĵز
ɳӣȻûǧ˵ġ֮ԴٻΣһ޵ĳǣƷɳףѾٻе벻ˡ
ɳ׵Ļ֮УٻӲ˺֮ɫӸǹޱȣڽƣɡָ飬˵ƾͿƵġ
ٻٳɳȴûгû뵽֮ǰոɳʱһ⣬˵ɳײһ֡𡯣ֻһãǣǡȴܹ˵˵Ļ𣬲ͬںףͬ켫Ԫһס׵Ļ𣬴ȼգõĲ֮𣬶ǵ֮Ե֮𣬷յԼ
ϣм֮࣬ȴǶסԺһ仰ǻܷôŭأǲҲܷ
仰ڳԺòһ顣
ʱһ£ǼʽֱҪϸĳ⽴
Ͻһʱ͵رһץס˵ƣٶ緢˶˿ﻹţܹôָôȥƿ˵ŭأɳ׿ȼŭʲôȥȼ
һֻƣԾñ͸ץסţƬƬϣϼȦЩնùȦвлһӾҪϨ𣬿ն˰죬ȦڣȻ
ֻԼ£һԤУӴһƬ磬˵ɳȼȴҲƿ˵ǵĻ֮ǰľͲǧˣңҪƿص˵ŭ𣿡
ȥƿأ
Хţ
ڳ˼ʱΧŰٻӵɳף֮ȴǸ˼¥ٻֻŲѣѾʹųϣǹ˵Ŀ֮У˿˿һҪ콫סʵ̫ˣս֮ǰֱǿ˲٣Ȼǧ˵ɳ׶ˣ˶̵ʱ֮ڣ֪ģУôûбôģĪһûӽɻ֮࣬ū޿϶Ҫ١
ôһ룬ٻժ¹̻һ仨дʣʮָɣ켴ȳһ֣ʱ仨ֱϵͷȥ
ʱϱȣҶϣ
䡭
籬ըӻū޵ϴֻ޴ֱֱۣϳ÷飻Ȼ򣬲Ϣ䣬ū޵ֱָֻĿһݣȻ졣
Ƕ仨Ҫ
һΣʱγŸӰͬʮӰٻӰΧ
飡
ٻӿʮӰﲻε𾪣һصֱţӰ㣬ôӰ
켴ٻ˻״ѵǡס󣬲ѧѧᡭģ
ͷڰٻӵԺٻغȳһܣʮӰѾתٻӻţһ죬һʱ䣬ѵһ֮ڽӰ˵㣿
ٻֱӷͷӰôһڣģν֮٣Ҳǻ˽ʮĹ򣬲㣬ֻ֮ٶ깦򣬽ǰ㾳磬ôһ֮أ
ǷˣٻҲҲ͡
ū޿ʮӰҲǷɣƷŭ㣬ֻ޴ƣһһӰȥÿ£ĵĶһӰ˰׷֮⣬ô
ǶҪڳͷĻҲǸڿУ֪Ĳȥ
ٻӺòȶо㵾ʮŸӶҳοʮӰ
ڰٻԳơӡʱɳף͵ӿٻӽֱſһ£³ѪЩѪٻҲû˷ѣµ̻ϡ
ٻеСŰٻӴѣȫ˲٣ƴٻӵӽ֮࣬СҲǧ֮һգۼʱ䶼ҪˣУСҪǰһףĴŬֱ
ٻӽʮӰɨһ飬ȵ֡ٻоˣԳơӡԡҡ档
Żɢ컨꣬£Юźպվ磡
֮ǰٻӾһУҵķǣڳǰٻһУȴǲЧֻʮϡһЦƾ㣬ҳңÿ𣿡
컨еĻٴοήɷĩ
ٻӼ״ѪӿһѪ˹̻ϣûˣȻٲܸݻҳٻоʢ֪ʲôطȻеĻȫͬһʱήЩ͵ʧȥһ
ΪҾҲ𣿡ٻȻһˣָڹ̻ϣժ£ժ˾Ŷ仨ֻʣһ䳤ڹ̻ϣһ䣬Ǵźɫһ䣡
ʮӰҾͳʮ仨ҿܲӹ
ٻЦԥΪڵġ𡱱ɳԽԽʢϽʹʮ̻ɳȥÿһ̻ӦһӰ
ڴ״ϻûа취ʮӰѾǴ´࣬⣬ͲˣϵǣŵģȻЦ
ջ˻Ӱվڰٻӵ档
ٻЦˣ㻹һ֪֮
Σ
ٻӵǼ˵̻ǷǺãҾʶʶ
̻һ߶Уʮ̻ȫٻʹųϷȻٻӺܷŭͬʱҲżżŽɱ
ʮ̻ڹǻū¡
ǰлˣ
ɳϣûΪǿϥգ˫۸ǽٻӿΪ֮һ㶣켴ȣ֪ˣӳȫ㣡
ֻǵһЦң⣿
䣬ʮ̻££̻̽˳ϵͷū޾޴ƣҲڳϺ֮ϡ
Ļ棬ٻЦͣҲɣ
˵ţٻϸ۰羫ϸ֣֮תɡ
Ȼûз
ֻǣǻū޵ľҲղȥŭеĻūֽһֻ£ͬղȥ
ǿ󣬱Ӵûмǿֲܴóٻ鲻Խ̾ţͬʱΪϲԽǿ󣬸ĺôԽ
Ϣ֮󣬳ϵͷڷУͻأһ


670 Ѫж
ľĳһ̶ֳ˵ν
ľΪãϵĵʮȴܽ仯֮Ϊҩ޲ӣָԪȵȡ
ټϳϾѪ̥ǡ
УϽ꣬Žʮ꣡
ͨ߿ɱȣ
ٻӸоǺƺ罭ˮǳһǿϲƵȫ꣬ū޺͹̻֪ǿ󵽺ֵز
ڰٻӵУϵĺڷְ
ϸûеֿ̻⾿ôһ¶˵̻ܽһطҲĥ͸ᣬԵ֮ʱÿһȭÿһÿһڲ˵ԪΪѪ
룬˾ëȻ
̻Ҳ˸ϵʼڳϵӣǣӵḶ́ǰЩ˵ȴǼޱȣûеֿǿӣʹù̻ٳռݲȫ
ǹ̻ĸ˳ϵÿһϸ켴ʴӸ˲䴫̻ϣŹ̻
̻ƷףǱǰЩƷ׻Ҫߣٶȣȴôʱϵһͷڷ׵ķ˿Ҳٸѡ
ٻü˾תֱֻڳ϶˵ĻūޣͻҲ̳ĸ룬ֱ棬̻Ӹϵѣ͸˵⻨ūˡ
ū³ĸ룬ܶܶࡣ
ȫϵΧϸϸоÿһ룬ȻҪ죬ת͵ЩǰЩ룬ȴǺᡣ
ľź𣿹̻Щģʣ̧ͷٻӣܹȡЩطӦɣ
ʱٻ¶˲һЦΪūϵ룬˳ϵһ˲䣬ͷְٸ
ƣڣˣ
𣿡
һʣתʮ
ʱ̻ϵڣʮ̻ۿɼٶȣήţǧϵ֮ųϵͻѿɢڳϵڡ
һ˲䣬ͷٸ׷ҲЩɫȻʧȥûȫָʧӴȣֻǾţ֮һë
ū޵״ң֮ǰūܽڣǳϹΪ֮ٻӲ֪ޱȣŲĸǳࣻ˿̣ʧ͸ӵؿ죡
ֻϢ򣬻ūʮɴСӣͱֻ߰ɣһԾٶȣСţūȴѲ
ٻӿǰƣת֮䣬ʹӮ˱䣬𾪲ѵͬʱﻹŨŨľ⣬һнֻۣ֮ޱȣǸֻ߽óѣǸ߽۱ֻ·һΪࡣ
ȻǰֻѳɹЩʮ̻Ȼήˣ
𾪡־֮⣬ٻӿ̻ĿήǷŭޱȣٻһ֮ˣûȤԻȤ˵İ˱ǻͷųɳٻӵġ𡱣Ҳڴˡ
ҲΪˣٻӿԼˡɥĿдŭŭ⣬Ȼѹסˡ𡱣ٻܹ𣬵ܿή
߳һ֣
֮ȴը¡ڿգҲ̳ٻȻٴδһֵ־ȳ֣Ȼûа붡
ٻ˵ЩɵؿųϣŻūޣŹ̻
ʱվֱӣٻ˳󲽣ųϵվʮ̻뻨ūޣֱӳһŷĩ紵ȥ
ǰ̤ٻȥ
ٻⱬ۾ʱٻϱѪЩѪĴɽǳ״ֱϡ
ѪҲҲ΢΢ȣѾ˻Ԫָķȴ֮ջЩѪڡ
ٻӿϳ˷۾ɻȴǸƴؽѪϸоЩѪҺԼں󣬻һԵĸоѪУж
Ͼȸʢǰٶ֣й߲ϻɢ֮ûйǧϽܵо綾ҺҲ˲ڰԨֵĶƽһ㣻֮ǰĻۻ㣬Ҳûκε
ڣٻӵѪȻ֮У
ٻӿס˵˰꣬˰붾Ϊ飬ӵ壬ͳ˶壬кֹ죬ҲرӵѪ
˰붾Ϊ飬öǺЩƣжǲǣѪţ˷Ȧ켴׷նɳһ𣬽ٻذΧٻӵʱεʮ׷Χ
ţٴԪնһʽڼٻӴ󾪣ҵѪ֮ôܵԪٻӺţϽһʺ֮⣬֡
һײʺȦϣȦɢٻɫ䣬ٹ̻൲ҪˣڼѾննڹ̻ϣһѷ֡
Ľâðٻӵϣǧٵ˿ڣٻ촽ţΪǧٵ˿ڣĸоһģ·̺ʮֽһ
̻ѷ죬ٻ˿ڣڡ𡱵ķ֮ҲʢٻӿһΣУ
ԥأٻժ˹̻һ仨ƬɫĹ̻ûнǶ仨ֱӼȥǲԼϵ˿ڴ
ţٻӽ̻˳һƣӹ̻ͷųǧâӹ̻ϣǸ룬Ҳӳаٳߣϲƶ
ٻӻȥԶϿҪս
ȻٻҪƴˣ
óŪ÷ŭѣͷתİٻӣûע⵽ġٻУѪѾڷڣС֮ࡣ
ڲƴ𣿳ˣ˵һʼұƴ
£Ԫڤٻ֮⣬̻ưٻ֮ʱ䣬̻ʧٻӵΪ½
ҵΪ㾹Ȼ̱ӵΪ
˵ӣҲҪɷˣοӡ䣬ٻӾҲĺܶǿĹֶΣҪôϿסҪôԳЧֽĵƣȫþˣʣµģǡٻԱ
һصж٣ϵ˵ҿʹȥ
ٻһ㶣켴Цƣˣ
£ʲô
һڵȷӿʶȤģϽ־ܣ򡭡
׳գ
ϴ˰ٻв֮ٻȻסɫУǺ쳱ȴ˾䣺ƣǿ𣿡


671 ٻ
𣿡
Ϭ֪ٻʱ̣˵仰ʲô˼һ˲뵽ľħʦʦڽ𾳽ʱı
ٻӼ˵ǰһֻ϶ǣ
ǰǿôһ㡣˵ĥŰٻӵ˼ѵ˵ǿ֮⣬һڻбߣҲ֮Ļǡ
ϴӽӴھۣΪʦ²⵽𾳽Ϊȷ֪𾳽ǿʲô
ң˿̵ĳϣ˵ˣǸ߽ۣȡ
ٻӱ˵Ļһ£ƣԭĿģҪ֮ó񲻶ȴϣû˿ãٻΪľնɱ֪ͽ꣬ٻֱϣȫһͬھӣٻؿڴǶ̻ɫҲԽԽ࣬꣡
һصԶһǿ
һ֮󣬳ҲٻӣһʽȭͶ
ǡһơ
ȰٻӻعϵġǬһָֻʣ
켴˫֡ȭÿը첻ѡ
ϽԼյǿ似ȫȫͷţٻӵġٻٻһңŻңСǰٻӲһ׵ĵط
ٻѾǲͣѪûаֹԾƴǰҲûֹͣУ˳ȥʱУɳ׺𣬱ס˵ּӴ˺ü֡
ʱٻӱоΪڼ½֮⣬ԪԺٶţ׸£ٵðٻӸѣٲʪϸ廬ƤЩѷ죬ԽԽ
ֽо̤͡ĺϹٻӳһȫǷŭȴᣬֻó˾ŸӰٻӵʧȥĿꡣ
ǰٻʮ̻ƵóڣٻȴҲòʮ̻ǰĹ̻ɫѾƬţ죬ƬƬ֮Ϳԡ
Ͽѹġħ֮ǡҺΣ֮֮ţٻӵӾ־綾һΡħ֮ǡҺ飬ҲܸٻӴܴ鷳
һ֮󣬳Ͻħ֮ǡֱȥ
Ϊ뽫ħ֮ǡõĵطһɽ
ڼһһն£ٻƷԽԽΪ½Ԫţٻһ²˼֮꣬ǰǸ߹ʥİٻӣ˿̣˺ۼѾһֳ󻹺ӣ
ٻӿܴûôһЪ˹ļУڿգ̻ѾٵɭɭâߴСѾߣٻҩ̷Ԫǣٴδȳ֣Ҫ̻
ͬʱٻӻľԪһӰ
һأ̻ըˣըһ˲䣬һ仨ӱը仨ʺɫȴ̻һƮƮڿС
ٻӽŹ̻ıըʮӰ͵תбȥֺһȴǰٻġٻ
Ȼ򣬾ڡٻըһ˲䣬С̽˰ٻӵڡ
ȻСһӼ˰ٻʣѪǶ̻ڰƬҪȫɺɫͻһͣаֺɫ֡
ոСͻ˹ȥȫԵιȥǼӲÿԴƷļ̣ȴһֺĸо
ٻӼ״ŭù̻ҪоƬɫ룬ȫиƷ׵ҩܹԪɲǼָûеҩûֶΣѪɲǼȫ
ΪҲ۾ˣѪҲˣٻʵԶӣʱ̣ٻһųİٻ
ٻÿή
ƣҪᣡٻӽǶŰƬɫĹ̻ǰǸӰͬʱϳȥ
㲻ĹҪɢ
ʱٻĻ棬ͻر˰ɫ׽ʮֵŨٻӾ֣ԼʮԶûˡ
䣬վڰٻǵӰ˲Ƶٻһ̣ӱ˰ٻӵĵȡԪˣ˻ӰվڰٻǰٻһԵĿ⣬˳һۡ
Ȼ󣬱ڻУɳ̡
ջУϽεСģһѽѾЩƵĴָץţƬĺɫ꣬
ֽǶ̻Ҳȡ˻ɫĹ̻˼ǧҵӲİٶ֣˰ٻѪ֮Ĺ̻Ӧû֮С
źɫ꣬ϸԼܵģҵ޵УֻûѣٻӵѪܹңȻ綾ܶңҪֿѪˣҲˣ޵֮˭ٲˣֻ˻ûг֡
ԤУѵһ죬ʱ䲻̫Զ
˼һϰ˼ʹϻһʱѪӿϽЩѪȫӿСļ֮ϣȻҲǰٻӵѪ֮ѪлõģҪȻ֮ǰҲԶˣ϶ԪЩʩչСһ˯ߣնһǣһغˣ
ѪƽˮһϹСûаԥ᲻ãʱ֮С˹ЩӣȻ඾δ
ҲĲ԰ףһѪɫȴûϢ˶ӵˣԪڤһڣһһѪ
˶ɻ󣬵ȴǺԥһ£ŵӣϵʲôɽһı䣬ȫĻȣжڸ̾ųϵǿ󣬼һһ֮նɱۡ
Ƕ³Ѫ֮󣬡ħ֮ǡĶȫоڵǳ棬Ҿ״̬ѡ
Ҳ֮Ȼ
֮󣬳ϿʼʰսҵĴָΪҪǸоɱ󡱵󷨣ǸͷȻǾ񽫡ۻ󡱲һҪоɱҲڡ
оɱܻһǧȳۻҪǿһЩĵزǳϵķͷܹʵ֣ܹڲóɹôϽӵһǴɱУһŴƣ
һһɨȥȴ񣬡ĪǰԱ֮Уˣ
ϲЩʧ
飬Ȼûټ֮󣬳ϿʼƬɱ¾
һɽ˾һ͵ڵ
ƮƮУǰߣͻȻֹסΣüͷչһɲ֮УѵϷˣٻѾˣ


672 ҲҪȥ
ƣһô˶ʵȳϻش𣬵ӱЦ˵һ䣬˦ҵģ
϶ԵЦһ£Ժ֮ǰ˵ŲȴԥҪסâĻ棬켴Ŀ⣬һڵķ򣬻صһɽ
ȥһɽǳ֮ǰĿ꣬Ϲܿ¶ĵǣڣֻٴλص֮ǰߵ·ϣ
ûһ㾪ȣ˶ȴü˵Ҫȥ
Ҫȥ
һɽΣգȥпͶһڿ϶ɱ졭˶ͼıϵľΪħΨһĵӣˡ
һЦеŨϼ֣ЦŻصҲҪȥ
һԸ⿴ĽҲ¶˶еġȻħӣףȴ˵һڵһôͣ
˶ϵ飬뵱ħһ޶֪ҲȰ˵ϣתŵ˵ٶȣصɽɽ˭Ҳ׼
ʦ㣬أһŮ˶Ҫش𣬳ϲ˵ţĺ⣬ˣҪһصɽ
ƣҿܴ򲻹㣬Ҹ߽ʵʵɨһЩϰǴ´ġ
ҡҡͷҿȥðգҲȥðգһôŽңһڵļʽ϶дټ֮ǰصҲһǲߣǾӵĸоԣҪصɽӦһڿܵĽ
ӣ˶Ұģ
Ҳֻ֪ҵĲ²⣬һ򣬾һ۾ϬĿ⣬ɫţСϼ֣Һθһ
ǡ˶뵽ǿܵĽ뵽ɽǧҵܻУҲֻ÷ųһɽ뷨˶˵ƣΣһҪɽһˣ
̧ͷ˶ǲ⡣
˶ȴǲֻͣٴ˵ҪɽҪȥһɽһɽ㡣˵꣬˶תŵӾҪߡ
ͻأϿ˵ţһ¡
˶ͷʵʲô£
һæ
˵
ϲͷŵӣ׳˵ʲôæƣ˵˦ҵģôʧԣң㻹Ƿҡ
ɽңһˣұɽȵӷϱϽ˵Ҳģһûаҵأ
˲࣬ر뵽Ǵһɽ϶ԥ֮˵˵Ҫң
ϵͷ
Ǻãɽ㡣
˵꣬ҲˮɴתŵӵĶ飬Щ㵣һʱ͵תݺݵ˵ҪǸҲߡ˵Ӳģܸо㣡
󣬵ǰ棬˶ͷ˵һءһٶȣԶѭȥ
ȴŵӵĻӶҵżȻܸоңнĻ棬ָðһԪڤ٣ѵΪ⣿Ԫڤٵڴҵڡ
ϲ˸˾ŲʮԺȴͻرĳɳʱĲೡɫţܿζҶ㲻Ҫټϵǡ
ĶλҵΪһ䣬ֻѹصڶһΣŨΪһߣȶǵĶ࣬ΪҲȶǵĸߣħǺˡ
һʱ֮󣬳ڽѹҺΣһصȻĴָСС֪Һεͬ죻ҺεɫûдǰѵѹҺɫŨ
ԼһһɽΣգϽǰѵȡ˳ѹʱ֮ǰ̺ͷ϶Сĵڳˡ
ֻ˲ٹ򣬳Ͻںһ𣬸ںϵ˲䣬϶һֳΪʬ֮Уֽװãͬ̽ȥ֮󣬳ϳǧ׵ĵصףӵصһɽȥ
ңϱǰߣͣص꣬ΪȴǳϲϷŹ˿ᣬڴԼͬʱšǬ
ص֮£óٻӵĴָ鿴ĴָûйȡϣŴսָٻһ֣ʱȡҪ޸ȡ򣬾ͺпܻƻƷ
ָܲ鿴ȡƬ̻ը֮ĺɫ꣬˼ѣɫγֵģΪʲôɫûбը٣һʲôĴڣΪ֮ȥ֮ƬҶӣһĴ𣿡
ϲ⣬ȴ׼켴ǶŰƬɫĹ̻ԼϣʱԵĸоٴӿȫұһεԸУǿ̫࣬ӡѪ⣬ϸоԼԪˣʩչ
ҲŴˣѾǱһǧ˰׵ص׵ĳϣɫͻس죬ӹǱؼѹø֨֨죬ʹˮʹóжвгҲǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
ˣϻоԼʧ
ڷеİ˿ࡣ
ͫ׷ŵô󣬺֮ǰ׼֣鲼ȫǳŨǻϮûйϵλټϳϵѪϾǰ
Ƭ֮ѪҺʼԪҲʩչһ㣬ԵĸоȻڣأ״̬ǰһɽֻ»ûߵһɽͱصļѹ
ҧţƬɫ꣬۾ݹ⣬ʲôһˡϽɫŽУ̷븹
Ȼһȥûǰʹĸоһ˿֮У֮ӿȫʱԸоʧԪȵȻָѰţЩƵģͷϵİ˿Ҳںޱȡ
ЩȻû뵽һױõ̷鵤ҩƵģƬɫҲڽ뵤֮УԪڤ
ף
ϼһԪڤ٣ԿȥȻкɫϸһȴܿǺɫȫμֺɫ
ѵԪڤѾã
һʣץһֻڴħޣԪڤپϣȴûпħ޵ʧ˺üֻǣħ޲ͬԭ򣬻ǲ˰ٻӵط
벻ͨ͸֮£Լĵ飬ٴη仯ĵ飬ϲ治֪ⵤ飬ʲôĴڣ
ϼڴǰһɽ
ңԶ֮ڡĳܿǷ˱ĵؽ磬ھ˺δҲǲ֪ȻڰƼ䴩󣬼ɲѣͣطԪʯͬʱһֱΪ϶
ܿɹһ߸ߵΡɽ֮ʱͻأһϵ𣬡˭Ҵĵؽ磿


673 Ьˮ
УŲϵϢóܿĶһ飬֪˭ĽأֹǡȻȫܿƵ䣬ܿļ֮Уȴǽ׻
ٶȺܿ죬ת֮䣬䵽ɽ֮䣬ܿĸŮˤ˸ͷת򣬼㣬ܿҲϷЩ˺ʵʵˤ˵ϣ
׷֣Ҵص˻𣬿ɿܿľֹﲻɶһ£̶ۿȥһ׷ŵоһ˿дʣܿȥ
Ҫ˺Ůܿĸ׵ӲδȫһˤҲˤòᣬŮǰؿŰ׷ţ׷δֱųܿ
ܿѪŷų֥ɺ棬һֻ֥ɺ潫ܿĸŮΧһٸȫָŰ׷ţ׷۾һ켴ָ˵ЩСȷʵЩϣҲŵʮңǣǰЩӣֻ·һ
ǰðǰԭ¡ܿ˵׷Цðԭ£
ǰƽ뿪ǰʲôԸ⣡
𣿡
ǰ
ЬӺ࣡׷Ī˵һ䣬ܿ˼ѵǰܿĸ׿Ҳ׹ҪŮȥȴֹܿܿĸֻÿŮڵϻһѪ·˰׷ǰЬ棬ޱ顣
ȳֻܿЬӶһɾ֮󣬰׷˵ЬӻġܿͷȥȻģδ֮ǰҪ࣬ܿ΢㶣ȴǺԥٴβȥ
ģ
ģ
ģ

֪ܿ˶ٱ飬ÿһβɾ׷˵ġʱЬӱޱȣܿһһزţԹ޻ڣܿĸԱ߿۾ֱˮ
һʱ֮󣬳ܿס֣ȴŰ׷˵ٴβȥ
Ȼһأ׷ȴ˵ġ˵ҪһշϴµѾͷź򡣡
Ը⡣ܿȻ˵֣Ϊ׵İΣҲΪٴ׷ŵ˵ͷ˵Ǿ͸߰ɡ
˶٣׷ץץмݷɵ˰׷ŵ׷ָһݱţҩƵģ׷Žŵݸܿ˵ȥס
ллǰ
׷Ȼɫֱǰȥܿ²ţϵƣȥѪҲֹסһ˺۶ûУܿ㵣λزǷǳİ׷ţԺֱðˡ֡
Ѿͷ㣿ҪǸʲô£ɲᡣ˵꣬׷ŻһܿϽ׸ȥ
ƺƵĴ֮ϣƽ޲ֻ󴬣ϰֻΧм䣬ΧϵˣȵɱߣɱЩߣǳι衭
˵ʱһ˷ڿУǴںѾƮ֪жԶʣȵֻҪһƬ֮رɣλΪοƣ
䣬ΧȺУҲ˷ԾڿգΪǸ߽ʣһнʣǲĪͷ޿ա϶ˣҲм˵ô
ǾͱӲˡ
ƾǼ͸Ϸǰ֣Χе˶ЦЦӡɱ¾
ʱƽ޲ĺϣͻسһɼˣʴ󾪣켴һֻӴˮޣɺɺͷһĨӰ
ζ
ζദʱã׳Ϊʲôܳɳô죬ΪԼʵõߣðϵæϳϵĽŲˣһ·ζɺǱ£ںˮˮ˻ڴ֮С
ֻ֮Ԫʹʵ
ζסˣִŵغˮĹȻܶ࣬ջҲ٣̶ʱ֮ڣζѾ˸߽佫֮Ҳ˼۷塭
ζһòʱ˵ľŮץȥū϶üǮ
ֻˮޣҲܷŹ
ˣˡ

ָУζֻ˵֮ǰǸжԶԶ
ϢҪһЦС椣ѵ㲻֪Ѿǲ˰ϵģǲܵ˿˺ȻͲֵǮˣϣ㻹һǮֱٱ
һ
ӴˣҺŶ

ҰˣҰɣɣҶȲˡһȺЦǰʣҲЦݣһûʵ˷
ζкһݷĳһ֣
һ£Щ˻ڿЦţȴͻؿ챻һЩĺ̵ĻƵİ׵ĵȵȸɫĳӰΧסǵأĿ֥֮ɺ棬֥ɺ档
һƱˣʱȻס־Ȼ
ʣҲ٣ǲֱȥһը˻ͷ棬˸ҪʱȴһȺɫ֥ɺΧ
ʣȻȥɴϵЩˣͲˣ֥ɺ濪ʼɱҽϣѪζǿƵطҲ˹ʱ䣬
ȻЩȴҹɵֻ󴬣ɺһ𣬺תӣе֪ߵӲˣǸû뵽ȺˣȻ˵ơ
˺ߣҪˮ㣬Ͳܵ壬Ϊߵģǣǿߣ㻹ϽǣȻǾͽˮ
ۣˣɱǿҲţʴһζִһҲ
껡ս嵶ɱܸǿѡ
Ще̤˺ˮˮѭȻˮ棬Ҳȫ֥ɺ桭
ӡ
ζǱ˺ףţӣһŬģǧܳ¶ң
ı߾ϣһ۵ׯ԰صȴж죬ǧˣѵţһӣüͷЩ΢壬˵߾ϵζԽԽԾˣŪãʲôʱͿսˣǵøϽĿ꣬Ȼ󳷵򡣡
ֻĿ꣬ǻ˵һ룬ȴͣɽ
ͻأ˵׹ǣǲ˵ڱһиɽ˰æ
׹ɫһϲԣ˵
ãȥҸɽ

ʱѾִһɽɽ£


674 ɽ
һɽΪ֮ԶʱѾϹڵĳ򣬿ۿȥһƬߣԣͬʱҲûиоһ
ðߺɻ
ǳȥԲڣһĴڣüͷϷˣơϷҪնɱ
Ȼûʲô֣߲ûȥϸĵز鿴ֳ
߿ɽۼһۣʱ֮󣬰ֹ߲ͣΪ̧ͷԶƣڻԴ뵽ϾȻ죬ɱһɽһ緽֮򱱶ȥ
ʱ򣬳ϻڼǱͬʱƴɱϸϸһ飬Ϲҵһƴɱ󣬳˵һҪҵŭķ
󣬳һ뵽ʶǸкԨԴУΪΰ׼ҴʮδҵԺҵʲô
ͬûҵ𰸵κͷ֪ɵһɽжԶϣƴɱδʱ
峿ڵִһɽɽ£
ʱѾǧ״
ǧ׵ĵصףԪŨ񣬳һ·ţΪĴս˲ٵԪپԪҲﵽֲĵزԪ˵н˵ǹ֮޲
ң֮ԼԼоԼûȫӳ
ȻܵʹҲᣬǧ׵ĵصףصļѹ쳣ˣû͵͵ӵصǱһɽ֮ǰҪأڣѾˣҲòš
ûʩչаٱ䣬任ɾǻ˵ӣıĿһɽĴȥŵһڵӣһһɽչʱΪָһ㣬Ǹ߽
߽Уһ˵ţһϣȥҪҪ˻
ǣǿһڵӣȴŪƵģͣûԪʯûң˻Ҫš
ǸǳĻʦ˵һɽЩն˲٣
ƻһǣһڵĿǣôɱɱɱԽԽǿ治֪Ƶʲôɵġ
˼ҿУҪԪƻҪʮ
ʮûгϢһŶҪķϲܱһٱ

˺ЦЦͻȻֹΪڿϢĳϣ˿һ˲䣬غߺˣк££Ͻ
ƣǰɽϵ˵ǡɽ֣ó˵þǺˮԷһû˿Ĳ
ʲôƣûϽֻ߽³һ룬׻ľżָųϣ²ѵƣơ
˶ơ֣ŵȫʧʲôһڵӵĽȫ֮һ򣬸˳֮У߽ӣͣشŲԺҲ˳ϸղ˵ġɽ֣
ϳȥδһһʽ߽ųģݹǧ꣬ǵħʦҲû˱¡
ųԽԽ߽ڻعˣһ˴󺰵ӣϽȥʦ˵ɱˣӡӣȥסȥɽ󡣡
һջָһ˿ѣֱ־ȡˣ˰첽ӣҲȥԼղ˵ĻôҲƲֻǸҪȥɽģܵ÷ɿ졣
Ȼ򣬾ڿһԾԾ߿֮ʱӺԤ׵أˣһ̲Ѫӿн䣬˸ҶֺԽԽ
ߵǰ˵һڵĴ֮һڵ˲𣿡ÿ˵һ֣ϵķⶶƵʣҪϼ֡
Ϊ㡭ǡƣҡҡҾ͡ˡ㡣ӵͷƴԼŵҪһȻӣǣµӣ뷨ʵȥʮǧ
ȥû𣿡
ûᣬһʣصˣˣȥϾȥ˵ţһ㣬ǰ˵ӻȥ˵ӻҪԶԶġ
ʣˣ֪ΣֻһشŲͷҲص˵һʹԪʱնɱ߽
ô˵һ䣬̧ɽȥӿԽԽԶһ˲Լͬؾ֣Ҫȥϵĺ飬ǸսӴǣ˵Ҳǰ˵ĺ󳾣ըѪ⣬Ĵɽ
һһǰߣ֮ľԳɳɳԶԼǾʦʦˣɱˡ
ĵĺ˾ˣôˣ
Ҳ˴ŭС̫ȻɱһɽϷȥնͷ
еӿϲ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣ŲɽնƣȻԶúð
ǺûԼɱ¾һڵӣ׷ɽ¸ȥ
ʱ˿̣˾ڱ˼ٻһ۱ȫûͬʱԾۣҲܽնɱڵƣǿ˺ֵز
˾һλعƵĳɳʷ͵ط֣Ƶǿȫǲһڵӵʬģȥʱնɱȥʱնɱʣȥʱܽնɱ
һʼȥƻ𣿡˾ƲҲףǻ֪ƻ˿ˣΪһڴһһѣҲǿߣΪһƶɽ
һڳɾƣƣĺˣҲΪֹʦɽ㲻һ˿Ļᣡ˾뵽Цʦǿ߰
Ȼ򣬴ʱЦյ˾ƣȫ֪Ѿһɽչɱ¾ڡɱϢûдĶ
һһˣڵųϣǱǺھۣռݳϵ֮壬ƣϣúûȥ֮Ϸģ˭ȥ
ھ˾Ʋϣˣھ֪Ѿնɱ籩
һڵӣѾ񱼵ɽˣ֮УǿҲ٣ɱڣŭ죬İٱɱɽȴڵǰ벽
ȫֵؿǰǻǲľƾʧǰΪޣ
ͥŲأǰϡ


675 
ôϿʵ֮ƣһѭѭյǰ
һڵǻǲľޱȵʧǳɽʲôĿģԭս⣬Ҳֱӷе㽵㡣
ϻ£ûлشֻмҵĺֻ쳣ٶಫ
Ϊʾһ£پ
˵֣꣬һնһʽһǰһŵߵһˣʱն룬˺񻹲֪ʲô£ֱųϣ˵Եȥˡ
һڴһڵӵ壬͵رըѪֱڿգ
Χһڵӣ뻮һ˸Ϊϵǿ壬֣
ȻֻǸտʼ
ʩչˡ롱ڶˣһɭɭ׹ǣѪ⣬Ͷڰ׹ǵǰ档
һأѾû˺
ţһʽҷնڶʽϷ֮ʱߵĵһڵӣԤһʼǣķδȡϱѾ˺ۣŰپʮŵ˿ڣѪԪ߶
ȻǡԪȭǡնԪɱǡնǡնԪɱ
Ǻױ켫Ԫһ׷ˮɵıǳϢϢԪڤٵĻǡҺѪƵﱬ
һϵеɱУһ˲ɵġ
һڵĵӣŵʬ壬ڸо˳ϵĿ£֮ǰĿȫ׵ˣΨһһͷ˵ء
ΪֻҪƣһڵǿʵȫģ
Ͽһۣ˵ЩǾû
û˻شΪ˭
⣿ǰţ˵ûϵк֣ܶ˵ţϴһȭջһΪһڵӣŸ
һǲ⣿ϸȻһȣСһڵңǻòͷˣϷɾžŰʮһ飡
˵ߣΪʵͣʣ˾һɽǿе֮£ոսģԣĸһ¾ֵļʽҲƣɽȶǺѣһȦһȦơ
ʸոշԣһƬɸɾĴءͺɽɵˣĲȥˣ
ϳûϳһֱۣͷųɳףսĳʣ粢δȫȶжʱһɡ𡱷
ֱԾͿƲסеġ𡱣
ûеõǧǡľ幦ˣʵ飬ʧ̬ˣڿ·ǿӡ
ֱ·һȺһڵӣ׹ξ
Ƭ֮󣬳ʱȫˣһ˿ҵƮڿУʱûֶΣֻǽɳ״ԽԽﺿȴһЩĻ
⻰ˣ˸
ͻأϸоţһҽУͻȼȴǴȼ𣬳ϳȥɳףֻʣ³ȼ壬ڿȥﻹڷؽźţЦţҵõˣڵõˡ
һ˲䣬壬顱˴ϣһڵӿȥȴֻһ
üͷһ壬켴չ˵ϲ𣿡
û˻شֻһĳĬ
һЦǾѡɣ
۳ؽģؽ֮ϣҫɫâʣ»ûߣȫŲĴɢ
Ȼ򣬳һʽѵءն£ֻ䡱һը졣
ɢȥЩһڵӣûһ˻ţϣǲ֫ȣѪȣЩ˳ʱû뵽ǵĽ֣Ȼ㡣
˵ʩչֻǡѵصڶʽǣʹһУܸʢٱǧ
ϼʰ׶ϡ
Ϣڴ˾ƵĶϢһ˲䣬˾ƸͲŸ߽Ϊǿߣһǽͨӣûʲôڵʣ棿
ʦȷʵģ켫壬Ѿɱǲٵˡ
ãһƣȻǵ죬һڣϷûɱ㣬㵹úúá˾һǰЩ۵ƣȫ³ȵӣһڵӣȫ켫弯ϣɱУ
ǣ
תȥƬʱ䣬һɽ壬֮ʮ𼱣һЩӲɲʵʲô£ΪξӼ
ˣһڵȫ켫壬ɱߣͣ
𣬸ĳɽȣǧɱ󣬿ǾŽħһޣһȫʯҿͻֱӽʯճɻҽ
ǧϰ󷨣֮·ƾ֮ʱϲȵǶǴ֮оϸѡģǾӢ죬¶âĵһ죬еǰһУҪٵ
ٵٵֱ졣
ʱǧӣ켫塣
֮ȴδţƵţȴ˵һ仰ϣԽԽãһڲܸʹ
˾ûɽԥҪҪȥһˣ˰ΣǾòȥΪΪȥˣ˵ͺھһƣҲǷϲһ
ô˵ϷҲǸ߽ۣƣ˵Ϸ򲻳ɣ˾ֱ켫壬һߣǱĺھҲˣһڣϲֱ֣ˣ֮ˡ
һɽﴦһӰɽԾˮɱһɽϲ˵һɽˣ
ƣһɽһˣֱĶ𣬡Ϣ棿
ģСһɱһڵӡ
̫ˣ̫ˣҲҲϽٴϢȥȵٽɳҪץסᣬһڸˡ˵˵ȥ֮󣬲ֵƣҴ֮ǣҴ֮ǡô˵ӲлᣬҪһˣٲܸɳĻᣡ
켫ߣɽҰǣ洦ɼȴûһ˸϶ֻ֣ܸųվڳ֮ǰģǰһ˺ֹ
ûпԭдеĲ˲仯ɻҽ𾪣ģ
ֻһ֣һеӵ
Ϊ߽۵˾ƣһĻҲĿ࣬аСʹʲôаȴȣ·ˣһɽ֪Ҫߵ֮𣿡
˾ƹ˵Ҫѹˣ
ԭڴϵӣ͵أֱ֮ܵϣ˱˾ƻҪһĵط˵ʲô


676 ռϷ
ʲô
һ仰Ϊ˵ЩѰ·ǣҪһֱϿѵļʽֿ˾ƵƣŭϾǹƥɱһڣֻǰ·ûк˵·Ԥϵ˻дʱĳԷѾǸ߽۵ΪѹסҪһĵӣ粻Ѿ˼ƽϡ
˵ϸûսʤ߽۵İգǣƻ֮ܣЩյģ
˾ҲһȸˣȫȻûϵ˸˵˻ֻһС켴˾Ƶķŭֱ죬ȵС
ϵ˵ţһڵ𣿡
˾Ʊ˵ȴȻػ˵ǣ㻹治ʲô
ƣ˾óٴټųϻ̤ڱߵĿУŭͲܿƣֱӱ˳Ϸǰ㻹Ҳ񣡡
£˾֣һֱϣƽƽһƣȴоļ֮Уͷ߽۹Ȼ
˵ô˵ϸûо壬ԪָзչͬʱֱӴ˾Ƶƣ
˾һߣһ˫ͻر⣬ƴۣ˲оԼ۾ϹˣˣϻһԪ̵ûɢ֮С
ָоδй
˫һգɢ˾նǱͬһǿֵס˾ƵĹ
˾һףȻֵܵסϷ˾ƵȻаͣʩչϣɱһȱڡ
ԪҪǹɻɢԪͬʱֱӼУѹ
˾ҲǸоеƣ˵ƣȻмֽʱãƾ㣬֧Ϸǰ𣿡
Թ֪ˣ
Ԫڻɢɣ˾ͻһ䣬ЦݺЩգȷʵ˾ϵĽ⣬Ȼȴȳһ֣
УνǳʩչһУŸտսԥؼһУȻŸһĿģ
ʱ˾ƾ쵽ԾȦԪ֣ͬʱֻƣɺȻն£˾ΪٴҲ㳬ǿҲҪᣬһˣôͺðˣﻹһ仰ƣ̫ģϷֱɱսܶһʱ䣻Ϸ̽ʽЩмܲסˡ
Ȼ˾ƵΪƫ
˾ƷȦ˲䣬һϮϵ۾ʱþüͷΪ˾ƵķȦ֮ǰսЩȦһֱʧ
˾ƵķȦҲһ룬ֱըڵУٴ٣ֱӱ˾ƵķŽ˾ƵԪ֣Ҳ˺÷飬ƤҲѷ֡
˾ƷȦƵ˲䣬ʧɫ֮ǿˣ˾ƿûͣƣһҲҪϺÿͬģҲûжȳֵһɲǣͽҺΣ롰ħ֮ǡҺθͷ˳ȥ
ԭ뽫ħ֮ǡҺ͸һڵǧӣһϲһڵĺȱƣϲòı뷨
ۿƾҪ£˾ȴǻһͣΪǰϵģˣƣʦӣ
˾ƵУǲһĴڣ͵سǰأ˾סɽһϢʱ䣬˾ƱعйƵϣƱõġ
Ȼ˾ֻ˿һϢʱͻع񣬿˵ĸֶսУһϢʱ䣬ܹ£̫ˣ磬Һκ͡ħ֮ǡҺΣ˾Ƶ壡
磬ֳʩչߡһ̽˾Ƶһʽȭ
ʱ˾ŭƣʦò嶼ñ𣡡
Ҿ㣡
˵仰ʱҲڰſϧܹŭ𣬾ƾ˾ƸղŵķŭԲ˶ߡϸǼᶨҪѰҵŭķͬʱĹҲûͣסԪڤټ
Һ롰ħ֮ǡҺŵǲɢ˾о˲Ծһζɢ˾ƵӼ̱ںģѪ⼱类ʴ

ħ֮ǣǰٻʦõľ綾ħ֮ǣôңʮ
˾Ƶ𾪣ֱԶʮ죬ȻкֶܶûʩչѾ˲ˣǺڣڲʲôģֱһгȥﻹдʱѿ档
ħ֮ǣ˾ƿʼ˿ˣþȫԪѹͬʱͳҩ̷ﻹȵסƣɱߣΪһ֮
켫һڵӣȻղŵĻ棬ȫ֮۵ףÿ˵Уһп־˵ﶼţƾ֮ǿ𣿽һУͽ߽۶ˡ
Ȼǲ֪ʵ͹˵˾ƵʵȷʵҪȳǿǣƴɱ֮ʼ˾Ƽھ۱նɱ֪ƻԣ̽һУɳֱӼһУң˾ҲûПȵС롰ħ֮ǡɱ󣬳ϻóģһǧѷĻᡣ
Ȼǡ롰ħ֮ǡϮһܳɹ
ȻϸĲãȴҲûϵܹ˳Ļóɹһ̾Ӱ죬治һ
֮̾ʱϸŹ˴ûᣬɱоԪڤٱ䣬СɳҺѪҺĹߣһһش˾ơ
֮⣬Ҳڷ۳У
˾ƿһʱ乥ôɱУٴγһиһͷѵǾۣԼնɱģ
ͷֱ˾ͫ׷Ŵ󵽼£似ʩչ۽ⱬնֱԾԲԪڤٸնϡãκΣԪڤʵ̫࣬ڳϵĿ֮£ЩնϵԪڤٲûл𣬶һֶģĻ˵˾Ϯȥ
Щ˾ƶôǸУȴӣ۾Ȼâȫ⣬Ժнɫʺ֣һХ
ʱתУȻһͣԪҲ֮ʹ
д󺧣ʲô
˾ƳųһͣչΣٶȵޣ룬Ҫ׽ڵħ֮󻼡
һָ֮η壬ߡһʩչ׷ȥ
Сҧ˾ơ
һڵǣҲ˷ɱ


677 ټھ
ϼɣ
֮УۿȥȴһڵĵӣĿ˳ǿҿǰվԼԶ̹Χ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬âľˮɫʣз֯
ֻǣЩסϡ
˶طں󣬻ԪָзǻĳǿߵĽâƲ˵ǰЩʾˡ
˵ϵǲ
ԣϸͲЩ˷Ĺֻһ˾׷ȥȻ˾ƱֵĽɫ£ȫԪԷˣҲ
˾ƿ֮Уȫעڽڴ󻼺ͳϵ󣬱˽ҧסССж֮˳ϲѪͻָ˹ңʵǿôһ㡣
С˾Ʋʮ֮ʱ˾ƲŷСоСϴɱҲ΢΢ݣһնȥСٶȣһӿ죬˲Ϯ˾Ƶϣһ̶˾Ƶϣһ˿ڡ
˾ƴ죬оǹֳڻ˿ڵôһ㣬ȫԺԲƵʱȴ˴ѪȻ˾ƱϾǸ߽ۣȻҪֳܴһ־ȥħ֮ǣʵȻСӣһƬ׷Сնȥ
ϱʹס˾ƣ˾ƵٶȣҲ൱죬³˾ƵķΧһǧ֮⣬ҲڳϵΧ֮⣬ʩչֻƴ׷ϣߡʩչ£ͣ˲ƣͬʱҲţ֪˾ϰʲôٶȵĹ֮졣
ӱ˾ǹ֮󣬳һֱǱ˫ۣƴɱ˾ƣˣ˾ƣ˾ȴܳô˹
ϧʩչ׵׽ֱ˾Ƶס˾Ҳܹʹ˾ٴδһ˾ƿȻģоŭֱӿٿһڵӵķӦŭȵסƣ˭˭ƴΪһͽ
˻һһƬȻ
Чǳ֮ãЩһڵĵǣسֵѪ֮൲
Ͻע֮Уһնһ˿ɵܵУ٣㵹¶٣вѪⱬǲ֫ɡ
һڵǵķȦͬһôҲޣ
Ҳ뵽ǰ˾ƵķȦֱɢǹҲƾ·ҲƵģԲۣʩչķȦþͲ˰ɣ
ԽеõһʱƴɱΪ˺ͣǹϾͲ䲻⣬˼ߣϻЩ᲻ãоź
뵽ԪڤٿԽףɳ׵Ʒ׶ܹߣôǲҲܹףһ룬ЩϲüΪڣûǹһʲôĴڡ
ԺЩͷеȴûֹͣѪ
е˾ƣǰĻ棬Ƭʱ֮ڣһڵѾ˹ǧﲻȥһڵҪһ벻˵òסƣҴʱƵİ㣬ȫնɱƣô죿ѵҪֻЩһڵӡ
һ浹ɱ֮УھȺ˾ƵǱģȴ¶Цţ㲻˵ƣûʲô¿ɺãֱ˼һ˹һɽҿأôʦ
ھдˬֿ֮ϣ۵̰֮⣬дʣ֮尡ԽԽǿˡϲͬʱھڷų˼֣˾ƶĵܵõ֮壿ֻеƺһڵƴһҲлᡭ
նһʽѵءУתھ֮ϵ۾Ȼţھȴһ󾪣ѵƷˣ
ȻˣΪʲôԳأǲ𣿡ϵ˵оǹϢǿһ̣֪˭Ȼ϶Ժھ˵ŻȴȻûֹͣ׷ɱ˾ƣҪ˾ưȥһڵĵֵ˾֮ľ룬ȴԽԽԶˡ
ϻھһ㶡
һߣԴնڿպ󣬳ϺȵھһΣǱɱˣ
˾ھ֣ϵķŭͻط˺üһֱھˣҲȵھ뱳һڣһڵͽ𣿡
ھҲ¶μֱԾУ˾ƣѪˣ˵һڵͽϷΪǡ
˵˾Ʋھ˵꣬ȻھЦϷ˵ڿһڵĴСʧ˶һڶ𣿲ңǧһɽû˹ʱ㿴һʲô״
ۣ
˾ģ³һѪΪһڣǾԵĵңеļƻǿеģΪԺ׼ֻû뵽ƣƽеĹȫ˴
ھ⣬һЦ˾۾һת״ʱ״һ˵ھڲʱҪҪ¡
ⲻ˵ϷҲȥھȻʮֵĲ
˵ĶԻڧǲɹճЦݣźھ˵ھΪֻǳ۶ѣΪɱң
ھĬû˵
ϼ˵ңҸһش
ܡھҲ˵
ϺᣬȻ˵ȱžܾ֪ҵ֮塭ھĿһ˿Ѱζζֻ˵Ҹ㣬ҪǳңԼ޳֮壬㻹ܾ𣿡
ܣھظ֣֮ǰ˼ȴȫͬնɱһڵӣЦûʲôܣҵ֮壬֮ģȻҲܡ
ھǳĬˣһջһջ󣬿Ź˼ɣܴĹ˼ɣ
˾ȴŭɶˣû뵽ƾȻҵнھָźھסƣˣȵھҪʦŭ𣬿ɲܳܵģ
ϼջ󣬡Ȳ˵ܲռҵ壬ܣռҵ֮壬Լ֮壬ĸã
ھ۾һЦңҸұ֤ҽҲռݲ֮壬˾ƿɲὫ֮㣡
ǳˣ˾Ƹо̬Щأﲻͣţھұһڣұʦɣ
ھ۾ԥ֮ɫ
ǡʱ׳һذը


678 һ
֮壬ֻ꣡һ仰ûٵ˵ֻԺھһ˵
ھԵһ۾ﾫⱬʵģ
ûлشȻһЦʱ·һȣ䣡һɨ۳ˮУ·֮У
ˣ֮ǰһ޵ǧӣһ޲ܷԾУֻڵ䣻ϹǴεļ󣬳ȻὫǰƷ
ǧӣŪУȫˣɵͷˣȴٴκȵ䣡
ʱǧֱֻɱϡ
ˮ
Ǳߣ˾ƼϷϽȣھ֣ʱ
˾ƵıĿգھȻˣһδƤû̧һ£ѾǿذըˣŵĶǡ֮塱
ھ֮壬ˣر˾ƴӰ߳˵ǷӳȻڴ˿̣ӰȻԺУҪھȻǺԥɱ˳ȥȨţţҲ֮壬ҵ񹦣ò˶£ҵΪͽͻͽ˾ʲôЬ䣬ʦ
˾ƼھٴκھҪһڵˣ
ھɲΪ
϶Ժھڵ̬ȣ⣬ھԥˣ˵Ϸ֮ǰҲǱһԵ̬ȣȴеսھˣЦţͷˮУЩˮеԱʱʮٶȣȥ
ٶ֮죬ǧӣδȫӦͷȴоΣգȵ׶ܣ
õѵǧӣγ䣻ԣǻûлعȴǽһԵֵļ
ңһ޻˻γ׶ܣ
һ޵屾ͺܼӲټ׶ܣɷۻ𣬷ǿϧˮļ䵽׶ʱٶȣ׶ܸۻֻ׶һȦ
䴩׶ܡ
ţ䴩һӴּӲӣһڵϣ
ʱ޷ҽڶ
ˮзûʲô׼ͷֻѾǧƬȫ֡
˾ƿһĻ۾Ӷ㱬˳벻ڵֱȥ𣬿뵽뵽Ʋס鷳Σסˣǧϸѡĵӣ֪˶׼ǵսȥ
񣬾ˣ
˾ƿĿŭӺھһеԹޣ˺ھϣΪΪղźھǳ㲻ܽնɱҲܾǧӣھΪ̬Ѿ˾϶ǱߣھϷ㣬ˣׯʦѾɽ
ׯʦ塱֣ھһ磬˿־֮ɫϸͲ֪ׯʦ塱ΪˣȻûκξ⣬ǳ֪ׯʦ塱ΪҲҲᾪ壬£ʲô
Ͻ˫۴˫۵ĴʹԽԽ΢ضԺھ˵Ҫ꣬Ҳ꣬Ϳˡ
ʱھϿ־֮ɫԼһ䣺ģ
Ȼûлش˵ģ󲿷ֶǼٵģ˵ģֻ֮ģɾ⣬Ҳûиߺھǰᣬ뾭ϣ
ھǲ֪ȴ˳ϵĻҪȻôڶ̶ʱ֮ڣ֮ǿһڹſƴɱʱ⣬Ѿòһټ棬Ѿܽ˾ƿɱǱ
ϵ𣺡ھ֪ں棬ɱ㣬㿴ڲǻúúõ𣿸ңҲˡ
ھ죬˵Ϊʦڱչزû˦㣬ˣǣ˶촽ھȴһֶû˵Ϊʦûгأܻţһ漣
Ϻ׺ھ룬Ц֮󣬲ֻһûУԽûУ֪һ϶ȼĴڣ
ھԽԽأҲڲǺھﷴ棬ﻹ˵㱣֤֮壿
ֻҪ㰴˵ȥȻܣЦݸʢˣƾղΪһѾ·һˡھ۾â֡
ȴͻؽЦɭȻ˵㲻ңҲѾȲһɱ㣬ұ㽫նɱˡ
˵ţնһʽڼߣ˲ɱ̴˺ھֱۣھǹߣһҵĲʦֵôӵʦֵ𣿡
ϴʵ˵̴̴ֱܴۣܴĵھ˵ͷʱϡߡһʩչ˲䣬ǬһֱָָھüģھоһɻϢӵĵսľȷʵնɱŻش˺ھղʵ⣬֮壬ҲӵУ
ھ͵ؼӿ쵽£˺ݶһ˲Ϊĺݶ
ƽϢ֮󣬺ھ˵Ҫʲô

ϴЦʼû뵽ܹƵһۣȻƣӲʩǺھֿ֮սʤѹ
Цԭ򣬲ǺƵһۣ˵һҲһ飬ҲеһУ˵һѵģеڶ
û˱ѣֻǱѵĳ벻ھȴòƹţʵȴ⣬ΪϷܳôһСϷ֮壬ߣ³ɺޣһˣ㵱ϷūϷҪµһµһκθҼЦϷˣ
ھŵʱ۹⻹ɨһ˾ơ
˾ƿźھϹľϹ۾ķŭŨ£Ѿŭȣ߲ͣźھͶµĺ
һͶģͶ˾춯أھǵһˣ
˴ͷԺ󡭡
˾Ƶ뵽һ֪أ˾Ʋ֪ںھ֮ǰһڻһӣͶ˳ϣ
·һڵӣͶ컯֮£һڵǿߣ˳ˣ
е𾪣޷һڵӺ߹٣ȴҲͶһ죬ۣٿһƬʬɽѪǿżᶨģ¸ҵģͻˡ
ھ֮ʱһξѪ

ھɻ󣬳ϲֻͣ

ھȻǲ⣬ȴԼӦڳһǰһξѪ
ѾƹһοƺھҪ򵥵öˡ
Ƭ֮һӡͻسںھԺ
ʱھĿ֡
Զ˾ƴ󺰣󣡡


679 
ھ㶵ؿųϣһӡʱھ۾ͺ̵ףԼˣȫǸľ
һ֮䣬
ôعϵ׻ʲôܣھ۵Ժ˲ͷֿܲܽΪһ磬ǲȻЧ˵ȵȡ
ǣھϣȴԳԽˡ
ҲΪھֹ˾Ƶ˾ھҪͽˣǺҲܲˣֱһ壬ȳ쳹
һ˲䣬һڹ⣬ֱ׹صף켫ĵص˱仯
˾Ƶո𣬺ھɫ䣬ƺʲôæԳ˵ֹһҪֹôھȻԼڳһ֮䣬Ȼ޿ƳΪ
ûȥ⣬ƺھҪĳһ˵úھͶ£ǹƥɱһɽҪ̶ȣԶ
ھľ֮ҲûвΪ⣬һڰռôȻ˼򵥵ģ̱ضټ֮Ѿʶоɱ󡱵Ҫ϶ҲǷǳϬ
ԣںھȳʱ϶Ժھ˵֣ɱ
˵ţϡߡһʩչֱ˾ƣھ˾ƿźھķŭȶԳϵķŭظŨûС͡ħ֮ǡǣƣ䷢Ӳʵھһۣǰһ˻ڣھвҲǲС
˾ЦˣѾˣǶҪɱУδ˵꣬·ѾаЩҽЩһڵӵĺﱬġ
ʱ켫忪ʼѣкѷɢ˲գĴ谵ޱȣЩԳ˵ûжӰ죬Ϊ˫ۣš
켫ϣǧһڵӣ˿ҲУҲ켫ѣ˲˵Ҳǰ˾ԥĵطԭûõΪƾһڵĵӺһơ
ȴûϵ˾ƻûһڵԪ㣬Ľᣬһ䡰ʲôĻֱӸˣǳ־ʧУơ
˾ƺһڵӣܻģм˿ȴòҪնɱƣնɱͽھпڰ˾ﰲοԼЩˣ˺ھͶ϶ȻɱǸɾһյӣǻ𣿿ңһڵӣһڵӣ
Ƭ֮䣬˾ƾͱΧź˾Զѭʧȥ˾ƵӰΰθߣߴԾȥЩҲ֣ԾжߣǺ֮ܶߡ
ʲôźھھԶϽصҲǺֻǺŲ鵽һЩ󣬶켫ɽ岼󣬸ղ˾ǿ壬ӦþԿףû뵽˾˾Ȼһɱ
ֻϱ˵Ļһɽ᲻Ľɽóеһ֣켫庬󷨣ķ壬Ǹھŷأ
ھ˵ţиֹĪĽâھ˵ţŨŨУǧâն
ֻǽԪָзסЩâͬʱϻǰȥȵ·ϣһ޵󡱷Ҳеâһࡣ
ھֵסЩâɣϵ飬ȴǳޱȣо綾ġ޵ȵȹҶԴԴϣֱеˣȫɱΪֹ
ޣϺǲ⣬ھ綾ЩͲҪģֻޣȴһ˵ھѾ˳ϵҪ뿪ϣȻɣھ͵޾ʲôһûףȴʵ޵߳ʵ

Ѿ̽ǰĺѾ۳һֻʨ޵ģֱײȭӭȭֱӽǻ޸ޣɳϵ۾Ϭ֮⣬Ϊʨޱɢֱ֮˺ٴ۳ޡ
󣬺βƣֹҲˣЩâҲɾ̾ĶѾа𣬶Ⱗȴܲһ㣬˵־
ʲôõİ취𣿡
ھӵгǿٶ֣ΧеĹȫںźھԪھҡҡͷ̾Ҷûо֪Ҳ֮У˵а˸ţֻһŽͨţңŻʱתһӻţһӣţǾ֮ͨˣ߲ȥֻС
ھϣԳ֮ɫȻ˿ûˣʱƣԪԽԽ٣ԽԽ٣ȵԪݽߵһ̣Ҳˣʱʲô֮壬ʲôµһȫǸһʱԳɿա
һţ
϶󷨵Ҳǿ֪󷨺ãҲ󷨣Ƶҩһǣûôʱ䣬ҹҹʱʱ̶̿˿ɣ
ȻԪڽϳʱڣ⣬ǣԴԴͷŹġ˵ֵܻģʱô죿
УУַ붼Ҫըտʼνʱһƣʱ̣羫ȵȡ
Ҫǣһڵĵ̣ʱսپһ˵⣻ȻѾ˳־սոճռһϷ磬Ȼʧ
Ҫҵ취ǿԼӣת֪ʶƣǲˣ⣬ʲôƣ
ţǰȥھϣеϣ˳ϣҸڳܵĹҲһ֣ԼԪһֱߣǣʱȻûпͷϺûٶȿ񱼰ʱͷ켫壻ûУֻ˵á
ƣϿ˼ڤţʱһھɱƣǰ£ϷԲ׷һжûз
ھ⻰۾¶һ˿⣬뵽Ժǵӡת˲ţϵִ˺ھھһȵ˾ƣô󵨣Ȼɱͬţһڵڲˣ


680 
ھڵʣ˾һĬվźüһڵӣʱȳģ˾ٴǰǷοԼȻ˵ֻҪնɱƣǵֵõģھͬʦֵһϷŸһ·㵱Ҫڤ粻飬һ·ߵ𣿡
ھ˾˵׷֮ǰ£һƭĻңھҲûɱϵʵҪһӡھа춯
ԣھص˾ƣΪƾһɱ𣿡ھ༥˵ȴڸԼ۾ֱɨϣҳһš
˾һЦʵǵԪж٣ǲƣ𣿡ֻ⣬˾Ʊ㲻ȴţ˵ƱסٳʲôӣضŶԣΪʲôйɲԾĸоԽԽŨѵ˵
˾ﾫⱬ󣿡
ͷһ֣˾ͷˣ켴˰ٻǧ˵¶ʱҲһָо
У
뵽˾ֱ֣ӽУ֮ǰ󣬳˾һЩҪĵ֮⣬бѹƲͬʱھ֮ɱƣ
ǣھײĲᣬ˵˾ƼҪɱһ֣ԣ˾Ʋڴ󻼣Ҫɱϣ
ƣԹ־ܰɣӲ˵ģѾ·ţԹͶʹ죬ҪȻϷҪʬ壬ǹϣαÿһ˶һ
˾˵ĻܺݶĿľΪ˼ŭϣֻҪһ˿˿˾ƾҪӺ֣һǺɱ
ֻϧ˾Ƶ̴ˣ
Ǹû˾ƵĿţĺ֮һٶ뵽ˡ̽Сǻ¶˺һȴûã̫ˣһ㣬ûãϵüͷһɽʱġ̽󡱣Χʵޣɹżһ˷ģǰ󡱱ֱС׼ףȫֵһᣡ
Ϸ֮ʱ˾Ƹղ˵Ǿ仰Ժﲻͣ·ţ·ţţ
죬ȷ·ˣһ۴ܳߣں֮У
أ
һ䣬ͻؽü𣬶˾˵أɲһţ£Ϻԥֱ׹ȥ
ų¶˾ƣԲһ㶣زһţʲôھѾųϣȥ
˾Ƽ״ЦźȵΪͲйҲ̫С󣡡
棬ֱصǱ󷨵ʶʵڿýһ˷ƣǾԲеġ
ɲϾѾçײˣڸջ񣻿һǲײײģײȥġ
ˣֻ취ղ˾˵ġšԴʩչ켫ΪҲ켫Դһ֣ϲŴ⡣
켫ʵڵģܲҲɸ߰ɣֻҪҴص׵󷨷Χ𣿡ţѾ˵صס
ʱ˷ӿ
ԭǺ۵ÿһ˿̣һѰѷĵӣֱնܺǲ
ų䵽ĺھǷˣɲѭصףûԪҲѭȥֻܸżصĻޡâȹɴ󺰵ҪңҶΪЧȮ֮ͣϵɽ»Ҳǣ
в£ھˡ֣ҽ뵽ƨ֮ȫ˵˳ھ䣬˾Ƶ㴫ھһڣֻ·һ㻹ǳ룬Ϊܾ㣿ˣص׵Σգˣ
һˣھҧһ䡣
˾ƵļЦŨ֪ʦ֣룡
ھ뵽棬һ
˾Ƽ˵ھ㲻ú£Ϸ򲻻ɱ㣬ϷҪУ˾ҲǲأɱֶΣҲвͨˣԴΪ˱ѭضӣǿ˵ص׵Ĺƣܲ
ھ˵ϲһˣ̶ʱ䣬Ǳ˵صһǧ״⻹絶ɳĹģҪƽأѾǱǧס
ĹԽԽǿˡ
Щ˷նڻԪָзϣǷȦҲʼ˲֮⣬ϻˮ˻ˮͻգϬޱȣ÷Ȧø
ʵԵص׵ĹȤʱԣʱȣ볷з⡰󡱵ĵصףһ
Խ£ؼѹԽǿһӣϵǧ״ʱЩѾն÷Ȧ֨֨ˣȦҲѹϵӣҲо˳صѹ
ϷתУͣӣ¡
˵ʵڻǱص׵Σճ̶ȣûдУ˾֣˵˾Ʋȫʵһ˾ƲУǳϵĴԵľһ
˾ƶͷϵƣԽԽˣǱصôʱˣʲôֶΣڵϣԪԲĽ֣ǻһ֡˾вԾĸоȼͻأ뵽һܣƲҪӵصȥɣ
뵽ܣ˾һ±ýǱأǱףһǧ׻ǧףߣϷͲţǱǧŰ״
ھɫѾ˲԰ףһƣָĻޣعŰޱȣǳ۵ΪҲԲˡ
˾ЦھŸտʼ⻹ĥھ״˾ǹɲУƽϢ˲٣һ⣬أѵûиƣ
˿̣Ѿڴǧ״
һɽʱ򣬳ϾǱصǧףǧ켫ǧףȫͬնѾһѪ˶ѾѹñΣǷȦҲҡҡ׹
ɴ˿ɼϵصܵĹѾȻĹҪǿһˣң˹ÿһ˲䶼ڽУ
ÿһףܵʹ
ɳûлͷ·ֻǱһֱǱǱС漣ĵط
Ѿȡ·
˾üͷ壬ʼ룬ôģǣ㻻һ߽ۣҲǱǧŰףȻ˾ƺܿ϶ԺȴǱǧŰףʲôĺ
ۣ
ǧףϵķȦˡ
Ҳ۲


681 ǧ
ԪָзȦһ飬Ҳ۲һۣѹ飬ն飡
ʱص׵ĹȻнۣ
һ˲䣬򹥻ڳѪ֮
Ǽ䡣
С̶ȴǳϣ˿ڣ
ڳǿδϵĹͷҲն飬ȻֶΣҲֻ̾
ֹͣǱ£·
۳УסͬʱӴ֮ȡԪǣһϷ֣ûԪ
״ϲȻ֮еԪأ
һ˼ϲ֮еԪ֧šˣԺУָһɻ󣬡Щ֮УδԪΪιôͣ
ţϿʼòͲ££Ʋˡ󡱣˵£ҲһƣϾϣ
Ʋ󣬱УǺʮˡ
֮ǰ˾ᵽׯʦ壬һֱδ棬ЩֱܽӴɱĴڣ
ʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ھľƣѾ֮أЩâҲնɢЩޣ޿κΣҲЩ߲٣ƣ״̬
ʱֻм֮޻֮
㱳һڵ³
˾Ʒŭըںھߣ˾Ѿħ֮ǡסǡȴûȥֻѹסҲ룺ôһø߽Ϊң䵽ֵزܴõܣôһھ޵У
ھԣƴž˵˾ƣǰ˵Ƿϲôһжھ仰ݺݵش˾ʹĲλɫˣթ
Ӯ˼ң˵˼ˣթ˾ƣʲôʱҲ޳ˣ㻹ܸܲ޳һ㣿ھ˾ŭȻָ˲١
Ƹұ任ʦģϷ۵ġ˾˵ûʦô֪ʦģ뵽ŵ˶ҲˣţϷҪ֣ߡ
˾Ʋ֪ׯʦ壬ѾŶȥⰫ߲ٶȸȥǷһֵ£ܲţ߲߸ţ
ۣҿ۵ɣ
ôδ֪ôҸ˵Ѿˣ
ھƣĻ϶ˣ֪ƻţҲڻֵܼһҪԭ򣻵ھûǼ˾ƣ㾹ȻΪˣҳ𣿡
ԣ˾ɫһһףһࡣ
ھ㲻ң˾ƣԴģ㲻ң
Ц̶ޱȣ˾ƼʱпȥĺھȻҳЦֱӴӺһھȥֱߵһӵĻǴĽâֱмɴС޸ھѪѣȴȻЦ˾ƣԭ㲻ң㻹ˣ
仰ʢ֮ǰʮ˾ƷŭϷһëͷСӣϷһ㿴ôġ˵һţҪ̽ĺھ߷ɿȥھҪ˵˾ȴ˵ھټϷԴͣʱȻͣ
ھδɹֻðݣ˾ƣ½˾ǻˣֱһţñˣ
˾ƿ˺ھղŵ״ĻţҪȥ֪ͨ𣿡뵽ͷִˣȥ֪ͨˣҿɾ͡
ص£ڴţнϲƣÿһϸʹϸѣܱ޸ܴ
˹գǱһס
ǧİף
գգ
ǱǧŰ״ǱȴôҲǱȥƱӲޱȵʸסˣ
ף»Ķ
Ͼȣ̣ȴһȣûд͸ֻð˻𻨣ǻ𻨣ϵ͵ؼ٣ʶʲôˣѵ漣ڵأ
ϽԪע֮Уϧѹһһ׼Ҳ׼һӡ
ﵽ˿ֲĶʮ
ϵ£ϵǿһ԰֮ɫΪȫѪڸǣԪڤ٣ϲһȦһȦ
ͬʱһɽɽµδһʵ٣ǻ𣿡
ǽӵӵı棬Ȱ裬Կӱ޸ģףһζ˵һõĻᣬһܹɹô֮ǰµĴ㲻ʲôңڵռı൱أΪֶûнѾˡ
ҲŴˣٽеȫˣõϢ鱨ɸһнۺһۣ֮⣬ϻʣҲ١
һսһܳɹţ˵ţЩһ̫ˡ
ʲôһɳȥģѾɱˣڵһڣǹ¼ҹˣɱȥ϶ܴɹ춨ҵ
ҡͷƬ˵ȺɢȥǱ˵֮һ룬˵Ǹƣȱɱ
٣ӿ˵˷ɱɣٲظǰҰܣ
һ£͸·ǲͽɱˣٻ䣬һʯͷԭάһ䣬Ӣ
ȴԹԵ˵ƣһ˽ܣܿպҶܡûм˵ȥȴǳ˼˵٣Ҳ֪˵һطܽ˵һ֮䣡Щöҩƣ
ģ
Ҳò⣡
ңһˣȥѰңһҪҵط˷ˣӦеˣ㿴켫ϵƬƣȴźƵɢֻҪһɢǾɱһɽ
֮ϵ˾Ѿȵòͷˣųڵص״ôöûƵԪ֧ôãܳסصʱʱ̵̿Ĺ
˾ǴţȻ͸ųڵصױߴǱѾǧŰ״
ʱϳþȫȥ
䡭
켫Ҳֱըӵصף棬ٴС
ŵ˾ƣһ˲˼ɫţܡͬʱɿȥҲˣң˾Ҳףסˡ
ҲĶǴ˳һ㣬ѹסɱȥֱ㶶ǻδɢȥȴʼĺ
һϢĺھǸ˲Ц
صףܷ֮³Ѫ켴ԥӸոպǸѿڣȥϻڿУϱ㱻棬סˡ


682 ص
ϼȫƿһѿڣΪȻһ࣬ȴϣȻһŽɸߵĳض׹˿УϿضȻտޱȣȴһƺƴԳƵΰĸо
صǧŰ״ֱʣȻǺΰ
ϵעȴǱضǰ˸ȻֱĴӣסˡ
˸ز֪жģҲǽɸߣֱӶضߴ˸滹һЩȫ׵ķţϽ˸Ӷϸһ飬ȴȻһ񣬡˸ʲôõģ
üͷԺﲻͣšھŷ塱ȵȵһο˴ӵĸ֮ͻ뵽˸ǲǾά
һˣϱ϶켴ƣ֣ȭ
䣡
ըضصѣɳϿǰӣȴЩԾ
ΪӣһƶûС
Ҫ֪ϸղһȭٶ˾һ۲ңҲԳԲǰӣȻ
ǲаѹʮ֮󣬴Ŵӣ
Ҫϵһ˲䣬ϾȻɢһȦâߵķȦЩƣϵͻȦǴӺȻûһ˺
Ͼȸ˼Ƭ̣ӣûһ쳣ٶʼӴȻûзϵﵽղʱɢȦ
ùӡ
ȥ
ƿǸѿĺ䱬Ǿ˾ƣҲһɽ˶ˣһЩص⣬˶ֹͣ£ͷ졣
ţһǶȥ̽ʲô££һʮ˵ߣضȥ
ʮˣȫǸ߽
ʵʱֻΪ켫Ľṹ˱仯ȴû뵽ͻƵǸض
ʱ򣬳Ѿ˸һ飬ɺǰһйŹ֣Ҫһ𹥻˸ӣĺ
ţϵ԰˸һʩչǰ˸Ӷ˹Ȧң˵ȦһƬóľǣȦɲǷô򵥣Ź˳ϵһֹͬϵġնɱһ
ϸҿ϶˸ӾԾǸ󡱵϶ӣ۾⼱ЩʲôɵģȻ˼ӲҲ֮ΣвӿһϹ˰ٻѪ֮ĵģҲܿģҾͿҪˡ
ϴ˿̺ԼҪܹؽƣɢƬоһʹݺţؽһǧţ
ǧšĸ֣һ˵ģڳȴǽݡؽɴ˿ɼؽڳϵռŶôҪλã
˼ţȫܷضм䣬ȴͻϵһʱоͷţȻһͿʮ߽
ʱһ𾪡
ʮ߽ʱϵ𾪣ȳϵľȻʢ֮ʮϱϾﻹеףһڣ϶ض˼򵥣ˣۿʲôҲһѡ
һȴûȻ˹ǵĸأ˴һڴδй飡
Ϣ֮󣬳Цˣһڵĵ̣ޱȣһСģײһڵ֮ءţѾ¶ģصأʵҪһʵϣҲò֣ôܻ߳һľأңʮ߽ĵҲָһ·ȻĻľҪض˸ƴɱˡ
ʮ߽Ҳعȴ֮󣬲ſ˳һѪɫ԰ף·ҪжƣʮֵǱٿΪһѡ
һѾǿ֮ĩĶȻ壻ˣʮ߽ʯ飬ĵ£Һȵ˭
ƣڴصĹ֮УԪʹãѾֹͣʩչаٱ䡷òͱ˹ҪȻģ˵ὫЩŸ
ʮ߽ü˵ɣûʲôƣⰵ֪ƵģҲôˣϿǵüǴŭӣҲ߶ţǺ֪˭һڵĻˡ
ƣû˵ʮ߽һ˰Ȼ˵켴ֺȵǴģ
ٴЦָָͷϷ˵ġ
ܣ
üͬʱǶʲôڡ£Σգһ
̯̯֣˵ǲţҲûа취
˭˵ߣһ˺ܿ߳ϵӣű˵ЦҲأ
Ҫ͵˵ֲ꣬ƾڵģҶҰоܽ㣡
¶ΪȻ飬ͷҪо͹ˡ
ܿʮ߽׳ϵĿԺδǶŭˣžҪ֣նɱϣȴжӳģס˵ڲɱȥʦǴá
Χͻػ¶Ũɱֱʮ߽һҪ֣ʮ߽ˣתһ룬ַˣɱҲ
ʮ߽Ȼľȴ֪ѾתһȦͬʱ֣ϼ򵥷˼££ǰϲһ˵Ϊʲô£ԭֻдţı£û
Ȼǽ˵žˣ˱˵߶Գϳ֣㲻Ǻܿٿҿ
âնڳϣѪŽϿԶûһʲôҲûУҲҪкһ֮󣬶ӳ˵ˣס֣Ҫһӽˣǲý
ӳĻһ䣬Щ˵Сӣˡ
ʮ߽Ѻų˸ӵмȥʱǿݣһȦʮһȦУʣģȴ˷ܡ
ڳϲ֪Ҫͨδ֮ʱ˾ҲӰɫֱ̣嵽һ˾Ҫʱ˽ס˵˾ʦ壬ʦڱչء
ܣмʦ֣㿴˾ƵĻû˵꣬ʹͷʲô£ɡ
󣬶򿪣˾Ƴȥֱ˵ʦ֣ˡ
ƣ˭
ǸƣǸħӵĵӡ
˾˵ǰ仰ʱûʲôӦһ仰˵꣬ʦ֣ɫȻ䣬ղŵĶֳģ


683 ɱ¾ʼ
ô¶ϳʲôԺ˵ͱˣΧĿҲů˲䵽˺
˾ƸϽһһʮԭԭ˵˳ϳ󣬶˾ƣ۾һתת˾ƱֱëѾǸ߽ۣ滹ô硣
ǣ˾ףʵģԺھһϳɱΪߣңܳȥΪ˶ȥֻһ
֮ϳ˵󣬾Ϊסһƣ
˾Ƶɫʱףֱʦ֣Ʋһͨˡ˾ƽ仰˵ȥһ߳ʱԺھ˵ĻھҲǶ˵Ʋһ㣬ֱӽھһ١
˽ʱյĿ
ðãǧֻһˣûסϳ˿棬֪˴ʾŴ۵£ȻϳɵҪһͷŭʨ
˾С˵ƣкھ
ھʲôϳʣ˾ȴ͵һϲѣΪҵһæ˵ʦ֣ھˡ
ԣϳ۾ɵûԲҲֲס侲״ȵʲô
ھˡ˾ظһ飬һȭ£ޱȵ˵ھˡ
ʲô
֣ϳɵȴȫһ𾪣ȫϳɵȻ֪ھȴû뵽겻ھˡ
ͬʱϳҲʶԣƣϷ͹ˣ
˾ʹص˵ͷ˵Ǳ켫ǧŰףй˿϶أȻǲҲѷˡ
ʡϳһȣǰס˾ƵǸˣƾճ֣ϳȵʦܣǰȥ̽ơ
ʦ֡˾ƴϳĻϳɺǲˬ˾Ƹ͹˼ˣ˵ʦ֣Ȳæնɱƣкܴô
ô
а취ܽ۳ҺΣ޴ǵõطԺƴɱ֮УƵλ˾˵ţһ£˵ҵϣ

ϳһץס˾󣬲֮̽ԪҪ˾ƽɺܿ㷢֣𲻳ֻܽס
֮ϳɳ֣˵ҽסʵܷӰ˳ɣֻҪˣӰ첻㣡
˳ɣѾ㹻ˣˡ˾ʱǧַĥϣ켴лϳԮ֮˵ϣططһҪͳ
ϳͬ˾Ƶ˵ʽƻŴʵȥϳҪ۾ǱղǸըѵģﻹˬأɻû۾ȥ˾һ仰𾪲ѣ˾˵ʦ֣ׯʦѾɽˡ
ׯʦɽΪʲô
նɱơ
ɱһƣȻҪׯʦ𣿡ϳﶼǲһ˾ƶʱʧô鶼˵˳û˾˵꣬ϳɾѾǱˣ˾ƣ㡭
ϳɶ˾Ƴ֣˾ƸϽľսһƵ˺ھϣһ˵ߣﱣϳ侲˾ƿʱʦҵ𷣣Ӧò̫˰ɣҺúھǣѱˣҪȻȥһôõĽڡ
Ѻھ
ǡ˾ת˳ȥϳɵüͷɽ
һߣѾһ䵽ʵأһξ̾һڵֱʣ棬ֱһ磬һص磬صеģҲУʲôɽһ࣬٣һ񹤡
ԤϣǴ˵еĵھŷˣ治֪ô˵ģһһҪúʣΡ
ţԽԽѾΧ˹ϷۿȥΪûһµģ͵ľǳɣһǵһţʹҲ⣻һھȻôĵӣֱ繷
ͬʱ⣬Ҳһο϶Ұģ
ʵʱ򣬳ѾԶϲ֪Ҳ֪ԳڲǸ֮УֻҪһ͸סôصһ죬½ӿһ졣
Ǹ֪֯ûôԱ֪Ǹħ֮ҺΣͲ˾ˣȻĻܸһĴ
ʱмкȥҪ򵹣ȥʦôҲϴ򲻵ңҲоЩԾ
Сӣ㶢Ӹʲôңһ߽˵ţûϷﻹˬѣΪһǧѷĻ᣻ţƣϵȥ
߽ʱͻȻоǰѪ˵ΪˣӶֱԾ˳ʾ磬֮ʱѾתаٱ䡷ΪڴԲʾϣЦһԲʾǿߣ㹻𣿡
ȫɵˣ֪λش
ĻҾչһʵ˵ţϵΪִܵ˳ۣȻнֱۣ߽ۣԲ۾磬ֹͣ˱仯
߽֣ͣ˰֮УҲӲȥҲһȥ۾Ǿ֣ȻԼҪǣȴֹסزһڳǿߣѡ
Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡ
ϸûе˵ֱ꣬һȥȥʱ߽ûдӳһ۵תˣûеȥҲס
һ£ûκ͵أ߽Դһ飬Ѫɽ
С
ΧһƬǸӳӦ죬ǿѹ´ԲΪ𾪺Ϳ־壬ȵնɱˣΪ𣡡
Ϊ𣡡
Ϊ𣡡

ȺУΧһڵӣ׷׶еһеˣеĸʮˣȫɱ
ϵЩΣܲĥһʲôǣĸĿģɱˣɱһ췭ظɱھŷ壬ɱһ·
ԣϲȫβúãӴָȡҷնڶʽʩչʱŰپʮŵӰڿա
Ȼûһͽڳնɱ꣬һߣʣµģһ붼
û˿ͣЪ𱬷⺷
ֻգۼ䣬߾͵һأѪأͷųԪڤ٣ǻδɢΪһͬʱ˫һռаٱһתΪ߽ģҲǰǸӳģ
Ȼ󣬳ǰȥ
ҲʦܣϿ


684 ɱ֮
ҽɱһʱƬԴ
ȻܿƽǣѾ˲ˣΪƬأǿտƽʱҲкܶ˱ԣֳܴĶɾԲֲҽ˼ҵƴɱңǱԣô˿ͽأ
ʾͲ˲Ծ˾Ƿһʱʶ϶ǸƳˣ߽ʵΪȫͷųǰϡ
ȻʾͿһǾ֮ɫϹѪˣæʵͯ׷ʲô£
ϵȻʶǰ˭ʲôֻ֣ǾŵָǰǱߣǱߡ
ôˣ
ˣȫˡ
ʡһȣٶȸ죬ˣҲǴӳߣһ
û˻ɳϣһΪǸûȥôࣻߣòΪȫһģȻ˻ɡ
Ǻ˴ӳӹȥһɲǡ
ϳˣעԪնһʽڼֱϮʣеʣһֲõԤУתӡ
תӵһ˲䣬ڼն
Ҫ֣һжͽ޹ʾֱʳ룬ĴǷֻֿ۾ȫǲ⣬ͯΪʲôҪɱ֣ͯһӻޱǿ
ʱʣµʣһȫûлعǾͿͻرˣĪرˣǿԼʦתӡ
ˣȫûһ˼Ҳתӡ
ţǿߣǡ
ֱҪ
ɱϾֱֱֻת嶯ʱѾǵĵ
˵ӣ׹䣬һ˵Ҳ֪⵽ôˣ
һسû̳룬ǳˢˢˢ㽫ǵԪȡУȻЩָȻƴǰδеķʽƿǸ󣬵ǣƣ㣬Ԫĸǵ˿Ҫݽ֮ء
ʮ߽סʱ򣬳ҲûָԪ˵ǣǰôĶʮ߽Ǹ˾ƿ϶ҲˣĻ̣Ѱ·
ԣϲҲͣɱ֡
ԣҪսսЩԪˡԪʯȵȣһԪƷȫ֮ǰһԪ֮٣̫࣬ᵢϲٵʱ䡣
Ԫ봢ָ⣬ҲûзŹ˵ȻֻĸˣȻֻǸеģֻҪУһ˿˿϶ܷŹ
ϱɱ˵һĻǧ֮⣬һϵģǰߣĿ˳˲նɱ˵Ļ棬סɵˣԺֱһʣͯôɱʣΪʲô
ʱһͷֱסˣ¶ѩݣЦһ¡
˶ʱ׹ű
ţԺһ磬ͯɱˣǲΪʲôͯҪɱڣһ뵽⣬תӣӡ
ҲѣȻֻǶٶȣнʵǿ߶׷˵ٶȾ
ǣͷ£̧ͷ㿴մͻֳһӰ
ɲסӣۿȥǸЦŵͯЦݣһůĸоûУеֻǿ־壬ҵٶȻҪ죬⾿ôˣ
˵ʱ״̬ѣߡܴ߷£׷ȫûģû꣬Ѿ
飬ȡԪˣץ䣬תаٱ䡷ͳģΪ
һϵжһǳɣ
켴ʬ壬ȥ׷Щ߿ɻʵǰʲô£ôܻ
Ҫɱǡ
˵ʲô֪ʲôط˭Ǹӣɱһڵӣң˭ܹһʱըˣȫͣ԰ǲǷͿˡ
һЦûͿͿǡ

ȻЦţѾ߽һߵм䣬ʵЦʲôΪʲô˵Ϳǣ˭Ҫɱǣ
ǣңΪҪɱǵģң
ųһ£ĽԪﱬһߣһʱ䣬ͷ­߱նϣ顭
ֻƬ̹Щߣȫû
ϿǳѾߣҲ𺳣ʱһ׷ɱʱĻ棬ҳɷ֣ҺۣҺõأҪȻ
նɱʣֱֿɵãҪô˻ᣬһЩȵǿʱҪˡܴǸڵһŵôյӣȻڳռ
̶ʱ䣬ķˣΧ˹һɨһصߣн󲿷ʮʣţص£жߣ
˺£ʶϵ飬ǰ߲һŽ䱸ɱΪô˶ˣһ˻ţ˭߻ỳɣ
Ҹϵǰ棬뿴ʲô£ɺ洫ҽٻˡϽ͵ˣҲ˲ţһж̫ˡ
ԽԽƽϣֹͣ󲿷ֵעڵϵѪ֮Уںţ˭ɵģ˭ɵģҪƤѪ
ʱ϶ˣһնʮЩߵĿ꣬ʮʣһֱڶųϣϸһʹ󺰵Сġ
ȻôһϢĹ򣬹߾ֱ͵ش͸Щʵķ壬һһĵ£ȴһԲʣϵĹҲôɣǵѪֱʸͣ
ʲôŭȡ
ͽһϣɱ
ɱ

ڸ֮УѾʩչߡɱԲʵǰ۾ֻһ֮ߣ󺧣ȴͽĵ
ʾǿߣܸϴ鷳ԣȽǸʣµһЩǾͲʲôˡ
ƾšߡٶȣЩ߸ץסϣȴܳߣǵĵȡǵԪˡ
ϳ춯òԾˣ϶ǸƳ⣬۾һҲ˲ɱڳѾ¶ģƣϷ֪ʲôкڣ
һߣ˾Ѿֹͣˡ󡱣켫ָֻԭòһû䣬·ûзѪȵƴɱҵɱ¾һ
ȻƬƣҲɢȥ
˾ϵ켫壬ȴѰҺھټ˾Ʒŭѣɻ󣬡ھа벽ˣ
һɽɽ£ɢĵ٣һ£˵ɱ


685 Σ
˾һȦػغü飬Ȼûҵھһټ֮£ֻ÷صصףԸھͽҪȥ˵ʽͲˣԶĺھӳָɽ
켴˾뵽ƣǷŭ飬źһ㣬ھϷһСϵϷ򣬿Ϸʰ㡣
ǵ˾Ƹյصʱͷ˲ԾŵһѪζǳŨѪζأ˾뵽ƣСֳˣ
Ȼ˾˲ţƴ켫嶥䵽ǧŰ£䵽ܻأоǣƿԽ⣬Ҳûʲô˵ŨѪζ
Űʵ˾ƣɣȥ
˾Ʊ㿴ѪһһߺҰڷŵʬ壬ǧףǰ滹кɱвҽ

˾Ʋɷһ켫¶Ѿ񼫣ò׽еĹʧƵھϣҪܻٳ£Σûܸ𣻾һ·ŵЩߵʬ壬˾ƾ͸еľʹ
ûͷų潫Щߵʬ壬ڻҽһڵƣǿֻţȻáаٱ䡷ĻݣһڵУɱ¾Ѫȵɱ¾а֣ͣΪһֻ֣ͣľ
ѾоһǿƵѹԶ
ףһڵĸֵˣѹ֣Ǳ˾ƸĴڣҪץסˡ
ˣʹУʣµļʮˣһбе󣬳زһطҵطأһڵĵ綼ᱻңҲ˳ɱһƱ·ϣ
ҪһأǸˡ
ϳɿʵʬ壬ŭÿһϸӳرǷԪ˶ȡߣдָرǷֳʬ壬ϳɺʣΪʦ㱨ģ㿴š
ϳɷŭʱ򣬵Ѿɱɽ̤շУ߰˰ˣд󲿷Ҳλڵϵģźüߣ
ƴ˳ȥ˱еЩصˣٶˣҪ书һۣɱһڣۿȥạ̊́ò׿ҲϡɵÿΪֻ硭
ƽһڵĵɱ˲ɣɻֱһڿ϶˼򵥣ĴϸȻûӰٻǶһεֱʣΪ̾ͬʱ̾ϧ֮ˣΪãγҵɣ
ص£û֪ɱɽˣ˵Ŀ꣡
˾ϳɻһϳɸմƣ۶˾ƣһ仰˵ȴѾ˾ƵѣĴ˵ûҵƵһ˿ͺʧһ
ϳɵüͷţͷ˾˵ƵϢ˵һ飬Ҫġ
˾ƵȻҵһڵõϣ˵˸˾˵ϻĻò֮ʱϳɵ۾Ȼ⣬æʵĻò־磿
ݺڡ˾Ƹһ˵סת˵˵Ϊܸı䣡
ıΪ
ǵģǱܹͣߣǰϣ˵ܱħӣҡҡ
ʲô˵ϳ䣬ţʲôʱ򣬻˼ʲô
ƴɱʱʦݡ
ϳɴΪ𾪣˾Ƽ˵ҲΪʦҲžһ£ɾһ͵ϮˣҪȻ
ϳû˾ƽ˵ֻ꣬ǰ˰֣ϳ֪صЩ鷳ˣܱɱˣΪΪ󻼣һɱˣԣֻܽҳϳʵôҳ
˾üͷоȷʵЩ֣ͻһ˵ʦ֣ǿԽеһڵӼһȻһʣ˵ʲôǰ£˵ģһڵӣ˵ģߣ϶Сɡ
ϳƻѶЩôӣҪܶʱ䣻ڣûиõİ취ֻܹȡ취ϳһڵһ֮ڣȫϵ䳡ЩչصĵӣȻЩΪģϳûȥš
֮ϳɿ˾ƶͷƣʵڵʲô
ҵĽһڵӼϵһҪʲôһɺصĺ
ϳ˾Ƶ˼ȴǵ˵ͷ˵ϷڣǸСͷϳɵĻš
˾Ҳֻ÷Լʦ֡
ʱϳͻȻ˾һ˻ģջ飬ͳޱȣھǸͽأ
˾ɫһţص׷䣬Ҳ˺ھ¶æ˵ʦ֣ȥʱ򣬺ھѾ켫壬ҷѾһ£ûз֣׼һЩȥھ䡣
ϳȻúܲƵĿ⿴˾ƣ˾ֻ˵ʦ֣һڰҪھ϶ܲ

˾˵һ飬ϳŵڻܷ˳ȥƶʧ
ǡ
ڰڶǾƣ϶ҲҪȣץסƣȻһܻ񣬵ʦأ͸ʦ𡣡ϳһյ֮ƣ˵ʦӦûܸ˵ġ
ϳ˵꣬˾ƸϽ֮ͣʣ
ոȡһߵĳҲϳɵǵֱɻûõ֮ƣصѭͷ֣ܻصĵ棬֪ʲôģϾȻ겻ȥ
ϵģȫһԽһ򣬿һôˣ¡϶Ὣ¶ǰǸĴڣ͸ԣûҶ䳡ȥһ籩
ϣɻɫԽԽŨȻץ˼һڵӣǸͲ֪ʲô£֪ʲôٴУ˵٣һھôһʵǡ
û˽˵꣬پͽĻϣΪһƾܳԵһڣ
ҪȥѺһ˹
ˣ˾ƱѰŵĺھۡ
˭ٿץĵһ㣬Цʵھȫ˵һָһ¡
۾һתûԥ㵽һŵҩȻŵҩǼƷȴҲͬʱн۳֮󣬺ھƣָһɣھۣʵǾǹɵ
һ㶣켴˵ǣһʲô֣
ھʵػҵƻָɣҴȥһܵĵطܵóԸ



686 ը
ھĻٳĬˣźھƺҪھʲôȫںھһӾͲµǶȡɵǹһҲ⣻ǣһ仰õٳˡ
ңǰ˻ҪʵָɣȻ˵ֻɣһвҲûУԾãЩԾȴֲ֪Ծʲôط
Ȼ˺üϢʱ䣬ٴӺھ۾ʲôҲû
κ󣬵ٳʵʲôóԸ
㲻Ҫɱһڵ𣿡
۾⣬³֣Ϊʲô
Ϊһɱҡ
ɣ˷Ӧͬе۾Ϊкھ鱨նɱһһڵӣһȫûеģȴüͷǲӣźھ˵ģ滹Ǽ٣ǲҪǴء
ϲɫȴڿٵȨţᣬҲ̤һȦףھǰ춼ûж˵һ䣬Ƶ¡
ʲô
仰ɽһȺ˶ˣǰȻˣȴʵʵسΪôƵأ
ܣ˶Ȼȵ
Ųǣ
۾˵ȴȥʵָٰʵ
УȻָɣٴȥھǿӲ˵ٺǲˬھ˵Ǹܵطң˭ҲҲ
𣿡ͻһ䣬ɱھ֣ٵΪȻûкھߣڵĺھٵһжס
¡ھֱӻصҺϧҵûдﵽ֤֮ǰǾȥġ
ٴιһ£̱ҲûãԸнָۣʵ־ҪǸˣʲôҶ㲻
ھÿɷûκα飬ȴֽоûҲµƹƵǸ֮أҪȻҲ᳷ȥҲץסᣬӵһ
Ȼھ֪ص׾һʲô²⵽صһֲܿĴڣ䵽ץסĻǱɣǰƻûʲôϵֻΪ֮еźڣǸɶӡȫһҲˡ
ԣھҪơ
ǻԼԶҺãôһȺˣھҪЩصȥΪӳ촴ھȫȻһڸˣţ֮壡
ǵͬʱھҲЦЩȥֻ·һ
ڵָٰھָʵʱ֮Ҳڵһɽȫűܣߵ壬һ壬֮ͲԾˣƺץסʲôȴô벻
֮䴵ϲдħޣʼ£ߴţ֮Ŀĵš
ܻ棬һڵȫǸ䳡վȺм䣬˾˵ţһһߵǰԼ֣ʲô£ʶЩˣȫָʩչһԼ似
ôһ仰һڵӻŪô¶ɳףģû˿仯ȴӳȥվм䣬Ҫһʱ䡣
һһڵӱȷ£ЩӻվΧ˹ƣȴû뵽õ⣬ɻǧǸ֮Դ˵ļ䣬Ǿͺˡ
һ£Ͻ뷨ѹ˼ڤ롣
ʱúܿ죬Ѿһǧ˱˳ϵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ϣھʵڵҩн۵İ֮£ָɣ켴ھû˿飬Ǿ˾ȥ
Ϊھļټᳵ·нٶȺܿ죬Ϊھˣթס
üһɽߣĿ൱ȴûһڵֻ֣֮俴һȺӣо֣ɸ
ֹʱнһٸ˵ӣųϣȻȻû⣬ǣϵ۾ѾѪʼڡ
ʮʮʮʮ
һṦ򣬳ǰ棬ֻжʮˡ
ھѾŵٵˣǸҡ
ʵ
ھͷ˵
ƭǡ
ھû˵꣬ʹ˵ûǣҪɱһڵӣûô򵥣ھ֮ǣǱô졣
ˣϻˣץʱ䣬ܡнۺͳ۹ڵߣΪߣʼңҲƣ
ַŹ⻪Щսʤһ䵽У
䡭
ը˾ϳɵľ˾ɵڴըʲô£
ʦ֣ҵǰȥߣСһ㣬ƺܽƻ˾ƶϳƤû̧һ£ֻڱһ˾֪Լ˵ˣϽһĶǰɱȥ
ϼ״ﲢûΪϳ̫ǿˣϴʱûҺΣûħ֮ǣû磬ǿıǸС
ɾУҲųԪĲ㣬̫
˵ϲ˲ԪƴɱҪ˵ȴԶԶǰռϽûѹҺΡ
Щըô¶ҵ𣿡뵽֮䣬񶨣뵽ѩʦȴЩȷʼ׼˵ըпܴһᣬҲпʲôǣɻᣬǽ׼ˡ
ܿ죬˾ƾǰ棬Ҫأһǽֱ˷˾һߣ֣һն£ֱǽնɼ顣
δɢʳ˳˾ƸоϢһ£Ȼŭ˿飬۾ʹҽг׼ĹҲԪͻԵ޹ʵʧ޼ա
˾ƵĹɱâֱǵƣ
նɱ⼸ʣһ˲֮䡣
ҽֱΪǺھأŭҪԺھ֡
ھȴ˵ǰ͸ˣ治򵥡
㡭
ǰֻһˣŸ߽۵ΪϽ۳֣Ҳ֣ǣٴʣµ˳ɱȥ죬ٶҪ죡
ھ˵꣬һɣûлͷɱȥ㰴պھĽ飬۳ˡ
ʲôˣ˾ŭȣ벻ףôеɱ˿˾ƻû뵽Ǻھ˵ңʶ֮УھߣҲԶ
˾ƣּˡ
ھ㣡
˾ƾȣ𾪣䳡ϣˣųϡ


687 ¶ɱ
ھ㣬㻹û
㻹ûôھ˽˾ƸΧ
⻰֪ھǰ˵ģģﲻһϲּһ۶òŴɱȥ߽档
ھĻ˾ŭɶˣھͽȻҴ֪ʲôǸ
Ȼ㶼˵ͽˣΪʲôҴҲܷŹңھ˵ţҰͷҷ裬âѪ˲ӿ˳һأɱڹſԸϵĽâѪˡ
Ϸǰ͸ɱǧˣ
лл㲻ɱ֮
˾ƿһŭɨˣ˵ƾɱϷ򣿻˵㣬ٻȥ꣬ҿ࣡
˾Ǳ۾źھھǰûɱ㣬ھɱ㣡
䣬˾ƻͷɫʺ֣һգھƬӿŲ˾˾ƵĽâѪȻһתھӿȥ
˾Ƴ֣Ȼ
ھۣѪȴƴţ˾չ˹ֻ֣п˾ơ
ʱҶӿ£
⻹һι״ķ˾Ƶĺ󱳡
˾Ʋòֵ˵ĹһѳӳУնҶȫն飬һֱ취
顱һǼȻըȴǾֻʮޣ͵س˾ƣһʱ䣬ӥ޺֨֨֨ڿա
ֻʮޣֻƷֻƷֻƷһֻӥһֻܣһֻǣһֻƻһֻһֻƷ
ǣģƣֻʮޣɱӥܵģ˲֪ټǧ
Ҷȴն꣬˵ĿҶȻ˾ơ
˾ƴ󾪣൱ͬʱ;Ÿƴɱ
һ֮˾ƺȵãããʲôֶȫʹϷˣǿϷı£Ϸ
ھٴƿס˽âѪ˾ƣﻹҪҵĺлڣնɱ˾ƵĻᣬҪϼ֡
ͷų˾ֻʮ޵ۣҲɱ˾ơ
һƴɱ˫ʩչ˴ʽ
ټ˾ƱΧϽòӴȥ˵ɱˣǲҪ²ɱȥıأȫǵġ
ֵǣҵĻᵽˣҳ尡ɱ
ɱ
һش̼˫۷ߣٶȣɱ˽ȥ
ٿǵӰжǿǰҪ𣡡
ʱ֮ض಻Զӣ
һߣϵǰ棬һˣʱϵĶǱߺɱϴ⣬ʲô仯кɱǱ߳ȥ
ϳϣһĮ֮״Ѿȫŭ𣬾Ȼ˹ɱһڵĻϳɻˡھ֣ˡ
ǰߣѾȥ
ϳɿ˿ߣĿ䵽ϣ۾¶ȫԻ󣬱ֵøһһ֣Ϊʲô
ֻƬʱ䣬Ѿ֤ʵһڵĵӣϳɵ˵ͷųˡ
ǽߵĺɱһԥǰȥ¶һţ֮󣬳վڸ̨ϣ˵Ŀ⣬Լϣ˵ҽС
䣡
һը죬˳ϵĻ
һըû𣬳Ͼ׼Ⱥˣ
Ӵźüˣɱ䳡Χ
ϳȴûᣬֻԳ˵㣬˵
ԣϲ򶨣ɱǰˣȥᡣϲϳ˵ơȥǸˣҪˡ
ΪϳɢЩǸʲôϳһΪնɱЩˣֻ֮ѡ
ҽС
ٴαһĺըϣϳɾһ£ЩУһԲģĴڣһӳȻ뷢нһ
ʲô
ϳһʣ뵽ǽЩŪԺ󣬿϶ã
ͣһڵѾȺ𼤷׷ȡҪƴɱȴϳ˵ûϷ˭Ҳ׼ս
˵ţһȦϳɢ䳡еϣһкϳһȵ˵
ͬʱҲһö򣬹ϳȦһ㣬Ȧ֮öɱˣ
ϣȴЦˡ
ϳɻһڵӣҲɻ󣬲׳ΪʲôЦ
ҽƣ
һ£ʩչߡѾȺ֮Уͬʱ׼õԪȻֱ෴ķ
ڳ˵ĸֵ˲䣬һöһ㹥ĺ飬ֱǹȦըˣö򣬻ƿ
ϳŭû뵽˾ƣ׼ץסʱȴò³ҪɱȺһڵӣҪӦö顣
һնƬ߾ͱն飻ϳץöҪǺ֮ڻС
Ҫȳ֣һƬʹҲͬˡ
٣ϳɽö¡
Щ棬ҲǰϢĹ
ϳһֱųϣճͷץƣȴͻɫһ䣬ΪʧȥƵټƵϢһҲޣϳȥѰףҲҲϳƿ϶ָò
׽ƣϳ
仰ĶˣЩһڵӣȴǷѣǸͲ֪ôȥ׽ˣһڵӿΧͬʦֵܣ۾ﶼɢž裬ĳһˣơ
ϳҲľƲУ˵ǲùƣȫɱȥɱۣ
ǣ
һĺһڵɱӣϱУϳһֱţݺϷ㻹ӵˣ
ӼûзЧһ˲佫ô˵ȥʱף˳֣Ѿû˵أֻɱȥˣʮʣȫɱȥ
ŽΧʮʣϳɿһֻۣʵʲôˣ
ȡˣʮʴţԼ׳ϳɼЦѣƾ𣿿ЦǿЦ
˵ţϳЦЦУϳɳ֣ʮʵǰȻһű̹⣬ɢſֲƣЩʶʱɫ䣬ȫɫ
ϳٴʵ˵ˣһʹ
û˻ش𣬲Ҳסˣţ˾ʲôΪ
ϿȺˣ֪Щ˿϶ǹвɺЦɱеĲˣǣһΣѾǾΡ
һڵɱһɱϣɱҪɱϵһ˲䣬ϵȴֱڿգ˫۳Уϳɡ
ǰռ


688 ⹥
ʮȻϳɵĶ֣ϳУЩܻˣֻһЦܻжǿЩġ
ϳɵעڸսɻĺ֮ϣֱΪֶǺãҪôƳģ֮⣬ϳɵעƵϡ
ϵƴɱ棬ҲһжҲûϡ
ͻأһڵӣǱ
ϳɵ⡣
켴ɲǼ䣬ϳɾ׹һڵӣҪҵˣơ
׹ףϳûϵһӾʹôһĹ
ǣϳȫûзϣԲ۾ΪڣΪھԵʵǰƾӵõ
ϳһߡ
ͬʱʮű̹ⱬըڿеʺް㷴Ӧ۳һѪɵĻ档
ӿһУѩ۳ɵıףһεжˣȫˣʧܣǵҲסˡ
ȻûˣΪֻܼӿٶȣ
ϣӳǸ׼˺ܳʱ䣬һ֮󣬱ƴʩչߡȥ֪֮˾ˣƴɱһˣĸо̫ڵֵܵģ۷״̬Ҳ򲻹ˡ
ϳûעУ׼˵ȫûз˲ƵӣЦ˵ӣϷǰΪ㻹ӵ𣿡
˵ţϳն£ҪǸиֱն룬׷ɱƣ
ϳնܣոսӴУûбն룬Ǻر˿ϳ㶣ȴȻûз
ֻǧ֮һϢʱ䣬бըܾͺ׷ɱƵϡ
˵ıըܣϳûмƾΪҲȫʲôǣϳ͵ɫ䣬Ͻ
Ѿˡ
ϳܻ˳ףǻһѪϳסؿڣȻؿڴ˲ᣡ
ͻϳˡ
Ʊ¶һ˲䣬ϳɱ㿴ʵܲסһҪ˵ǣƫƫһˣôԲΪˡ
ϷôˣϳǸУⲢǵУھ˽ľˮһЩСƴĶ֮⣬ƺһĶ桭
Ҳɹܣϳˡ
еĳϣϬо쳣仯
ȻУǳõóֵ󹥻ûоܵסϳɣƬʱ䶼ûֻڻ񱼡
ըǰеĺ죬Щһ
һ߼ʩչߡһ߻عͷһۣϳɾȻԶ۾ʱ⣬еܣ˴󣿡
һ㣬ǳȫû뵽ģ˼ת뵽һܣǲǼԭ򣿵еĹһı仯
һȦ϶ԭΪǰϴûԹУȫղֻŽԼеĹֶΣȫʹû뵽ȻЧ
ȻС΢ϿɲͣɱϳƴɱһڣѾûǸҲ˳ϴ󲿷ֵľ
ֻƴӣˣ벻ˡ
ϳɴԼ˵ʵУعˣһŭ𣬡ƣϷģΣ춼Ҫץס㣡꣬ϳһΣ׷ϡ
ӿһı仯и֣û뵽ƾȻǿǿ߶˵ĵز֮󣬲ɫֻЦ⣬вѾǰЩˣ֮ˣ
ȻЩˣΪԲףʵϣԶԶǣģȫնɱһ֣ӵϣֳһ
ϳɲΪԲۣϱϳɵ߷Χ֮ڣ
ľҲûиõİ취Уûƴʱֻмٿ񱼣
ϳ֮ɫץϡ
ɾʱ
ϳɫһ䣬һͣԺ﷭ǧͷһڵնɱȺˣȫǴ´࣬ǣЩ
ϳȥԮϱץơ
Ҳ˼һתȴǼɲͣס˽ŲתӣϳɣʩչУϳɿ⣬ɫںһƬ׷ȥһѵ
ǣϳȴ˳£ǸУЩɵһ㣻ڶ㣬׷ȥ˲佫סôһڵӶȻʧأڴ֮ǰһڵӵʧѾﵽһΣյľأһڳܲʧ
һڵӣϳǸȥ᣻ܻЩӣǿǾеľԺдõģʧ̫ˣԺļƻҪӰ졣
ϳɲٶطȴһ
ԣ˲֮ϳ۵ųϣ˵СӲ˵ģ
ϳ˵꣬תɱȥŭǧɣĶȴһҪɭĻӲˣһƴһԺͬ顪ڡ
⻰СʯӶҽϳɵɢһȦƣϳɸоܲ
󻰣˭˵ϳɻһ䣬ʮӰ˸֮䣬ϳɱɱ䳡ŭȫһȺ˷й
ӿϳɱ˻ɫҰףﲻͣţˣˣˡ
ҪǣϷѾ£ɶ񣬸˵ţϳǳֽЩץס켴б̹һâնȥ
âӰȴʮ㣬ɱڡ
ֻһ䣬ССĵâնİ˵λࡢͷ­
ն֮ˣʱò
γ֣Ӵˣһ⣬ֻʮˣһ̹ӹӵ˵ָȫնָҲڵء
ǿ
ϳ˵һ䣬һɱȥѾʧȥ˳ϵټϳûзŵЦ
ٻʤϢĴͻأԤв滹иֲвڣţһضɽҡ̤ٶصѡ
㣬ȥսΡٷĲ£ָһ˵ȥЩ˭Ūġ
ʽ˵ٵһһ
˾ںھɱòɿ˾ֱԹΪ˷ֻܷӳ˳ʵ϶ܹΧɱ
ʱ˾һսɱ


689 Ҿ
˾ƿǾֻʮޣܷرֻӥһС𣬴ġꡱֱһ㣬ɵ
ֻ״Сķ˷ʤΪֻȻܹ
ܻǣֲҪĹҲЩŲ֣
ֻޣԪɢһ˲䣬ھˣӦˡ
ϧ
нֽҶ۳һԣ˾ҫɱ
ֹ֮£˾ƲΣĽâѪҲ˾Ʒŭѡ
Ƕ
˾һȣȫͷžֻʮ޵ɱȥãֻҪɱЩޣͲˡ
ھҲ˾ƴ̣ƴס˾ƣҷһۣҲþܵǰ
˾Ƽ˾ƣˣ䳡ȥʦ򣬲⼸жֶΣһھȵסȥԮȻһ߽ۣɲܶԸģҪơ
ھ£˹ƣٴס˾Ƶ·˾ȻǷߺ޲ѣԺھ˵ھߣӲ˵ģ
ϻࡣ
ʯɽҡضһƬѾò
ʳϵĹٴǸƴɱΧʲ̤շȥɸһ̤գɳǧʱʱ㿴һӰٶ
ӰȻͳϣǰУסǸֲ󼲱Ѿٵľ룡
ʲ̽ǸӰΪֻǶѣȻٶȸе𾪣ȴǰȿŷΣͬʱ˳ϵǰȻȵվסʲôˣ

ûа
㡭ʱָúҷãŭغȵʲôһССϷǰ
ѾעҪʩչڼȴͷߡһƣվǰʴ󾪣Ͻ֣ϵԪָз֣ʵȥ
žžžžž
˲䣬ʮ£ʵ߸
ʷŭѵͬʱֻţΪĹûЧΪάʵϣη壬ǿӲżϣѾһ«ģķ
ʱʶһơ

ʵʱȳĿֻҲת˿־壬ֻڿϣôҲ䲻ȥȻ֪Ƶܹնɱۣ۶նɱһʻʲô
ڹͬԸһڵķϣˣһˣҪǿܣ𣿡ϵģȫ˵
˵ӦþܾŶԣɳ㶵ص˵ͷûӦҲپֻٴζٶܣģҪȻûˣ
˵꣬ӰһӻƹȥľľģתȥһתȴֳϵķΣ˱仯·Щơ
ôһ¶Ÿ߸ǲףûǰŸղŵͻܾЩԾ
Ѿʩչаٱ䡷ó˸ղʵӣΪϢ
һҲ̽ϢˣǾ֮ɫæ˵٣²ã桭
ôˣҲڵ³ʲô⡣
߰ǧֻħޡ
߰ǧֻٵɫһӾͱˣʵʲôƷ׵ġţҪֻĽħ޵ģǾȫûʲôв
ȻٺˣɫģȻĽ׵Щħޣֻʻص󲿷߽װ˽׵ģٲǾŽ׵ģһһʮ׵ޣңܿҪˡ
С
ˣһô߽ħޣ˵Ǹôвң֪ô
٣ô죿
˻ˣ粻ת֮䣬˵ȳȥ£һȺ˱㼲ٳ˽ȥ
ǳȥûӣħ޳ң֮мһֻħϣֻħޱϣ֮⣬һֻħޣԿȥȴʲôƷ׵ġ
ھǳ֪б䣬ȴǺα䣬ھֻ뽫콫˾նɱһΪ˽һΪơ
ǣ˾ƱϾǸ߽ۣô׶Ըģ
˾ƿЩ˴û˿ǣǻЦЩˣȫ·
ٴ˳ƬҲʱϳ˹ųϻʵģæԳ˵ľʣ浽ôˣ
һ㶣켴ӦĿڵϣһۿȥһֹһʣͺְ֮ࡣ
ٵİ֮ȻӰ첻˳ϣֻϵ¶Цݣ˵ܺã˶챻ɱˣֻʣһˡ
˴ϲæããá
ûмʱҪسȥУԣֱӴһ˵Ķ飬ٵ˴󾪣æʵľʣȥ
ȥ桭
ȫħޡ
ħޣһͲµٷ֮ʮĿܣ֮ϻˣصҾȥǵסħޣǸϽȥ
ƺܻңٲ֪ȫ֣֪Ǿ䡰ϽȥǱ̨ǡϽȥˣٿһӣħޣӿм˵ϣɫٵ۾һʣʲôʱľʵٶȣôˣ
ûȥת漲壬ҪȻȺħΧסɾͲˡ
Ͽ˾ھ˵Ľսʹ˴ȥһ仰Ҫ󣬳뵽ȺˣӦܹһǸ˵ĽŲ
¶ģ֡
Ͽʼÿһ˿ÿһ
ͬʱһߣǸľʣϳɣľϵľ棬תҿ񱼣ϳɿľʵӰΪǳϣ׷ȥ
ľֻһʣֻһ֮ңϳʵ̫Զˣϳһ֮£׷ľʣľʸоѹս«ӴָȡҪʩչȴоȫˡ
ϳץסľʣΪץסƣﲻһϲоԾôɾͱץס뵽⣬ϳȵʲôˣ
ľȫʱ򣬱˵ĻͬʱҲ֪ԼӲˣԺ︡һĻĻϢ֮䣬⣬ҪԱ
Ǳߣ˾ųϣųʩչУȵƣƣ


690 ɣΪ
ƣƣ
˾ƵſƲסβסĻң˾ƻˣھȴڷûʱҲͲˡ
Цƣܸˣּˡ
ƣʲô
ɱ㣡
ɾ֣ɢŨŨɱеУ͵شʮ׿Сֻһ״Сľܡ
ʱȺħ޺ƺƵس˽޺ʱ졣
˾ɫֱ䣬ħޣ
ȴѾȵɵЩħޣȫɱȥһɫ·ߣ
֮ϵϲ¶Цݡ
ʱ𣬼ǧħǰȥֻʣ֮ͷʮޣԱֻ֪Ʒ׵ħޡ
УҲ˳ȥֱ˾ơ
Ҫ϶˾ƳԲ˶ߡ˾ƿϵĹ۾͸ɫʮ׷ΧڣͻƬƬ⣬һһĲƣ
˾ƺȵ
ⱬƬһʱȫΧʱֻʮޣ˲أƻǵޣӴȫ㣬˽⣻ʣֻ仹ûȴԶû֫Ҳǧٿףֻ飬Ṇ̀Ҳ⻯
ޣĸҲܵ˲̶ͬȵĹĸ˶ɳȥҵģͷųֻ޵ĳۣܵĹҲ൱ҺзȦԵֵһ£Ҳ³˺üѪ
ʱ̣ÿ³һѪԳ˵Ǿ޴˺
֪˾ƽġˣҲЩԾ߽۵ġô󣿡ͷȴǲ˺ȵ˾Ѿǿ֮ĩˣһնɱ
£ϵȳȥ
ϳھȻҪ
Ƿŭ֮ȥ빥ʣнۣǲ󣬿Ҷ磻ۣʣֻޣʹײ˾ƣҲȳȴʣµֻħޣҲˡ
˾ƵѪ
֮ʩչɱֻޣƴɱֻһСħޣ֮ļϣ۾ĹĵĶ˾ơ
ǲͣʩչڼּԪڤ٣켫սʱûһĻᣬڣˣԪڤһ˾Ƶӣɢ˾ƵԪ羨̰㣬˵Ϊ
ϷΪΪ
˾֮أȴᣬһɱ
һߣϳȷľʲװģһȷǲˬ˵һľʵӣ㱻һ̲ѪˮǹͷҲɷĩ
ϳɸϽǰ׷ȥţˣԲ
ɸ׷ȥϢ֮䣬ϳɾһȺײˣϳɱֱӽЩնɱ׷ɱƣǣǸע
ϳֱٲһʵ٣ʲôˣ
ٺһȺ˶ϳɵΪٸоΣգɽһŻصʲôˣ
ϳûôʱЩ˶ٷʣһΣɱֻ֣ǰһعϳվԭ
ǵһȴ߿һˣ
ʱɫûҰףȻԤΣգǻΧʮʣܹսһս֪ʮȴ˼һиˣ
˼ܽʮʣɱңǲڻ¡ӿͷ
ʲôˣ
ϳٴκӲаԥ۵ǿ壬ʱһٰ֣Χϳɿ⣬ֱ˫ץȥڵٵ˷˱̹ɫǿҪԴס١
ǣһ켴ٵӰʧϳɵǰˮ棬һƽûһȦơ
ϳɿһĻɫٴξ䣬ŭѵͬʱɻƺ뵽ʲôȴץסóЩ۾֮ɫԽԽŨˣͷ϶ܴıдıƺƵΣ󣬿ƫƫ벻
ţԶ޺ϳһ㶣Ͻ̤ǰ
ͬһ˲䣬ٳ֮һɽϣһĲҰףϵ·Ҳõģֻǹʣ͸Ĳ
ҺǼȻһξͻزˡţȴûһӳϲøУĳ͸űˣˣȫˣĲȫˣһص̫ˣ̫Ӵˣ¸ô죿Ǿȥ϶ɱң㲻ɱңҲˣڱ˵϶ᱻһ
ĿɬԭΪչزܴţټϽɱһ֮ʣܹ书һۣȴϣ˹¼ҹˡ
ڣһȥ־㣬о֮ȴû֮
ΪʲôôɱԽǿ󣻶ҹΪ֮ӣȴⷬأƣʮֵĶʼӿͷ
ͻأľ˵Ǿ仰Ұ׵ɫӿķŭǸľʣƣ
Ƶʱ򣬳ƴɱ֮ǰҪ֪ܹԶѭǧĺ϶ǲŹ٣Ȼ򣬳ϲ֪
Ͻһһ޵˾Ƶϳȥ˾ȻŽԪڤըǣ˾ƸսԪڤըܴԪڤ١
˵˾ֻһƴɱЩԪڤٲЧȻ󣻿ǣ˾һоţҪӦ˵Ĺߣ͹˲Ǳߡ
ˣ˾ƵΪڿٵ½ţѾн۾硣
һ£ץסзֱɱ˾ƣ˾ƴ󾪣æҪӦԳϣȴһȣס
ǰƴɱѾͷûиҲ׾ƴҪס˾ƣ˾ŭ𣬡ƾǣҪնɱϷ򣬾ԲܣܣǱҵġ
ţ˾ȻնԼֱۣ³ھѪԴ棬ʺǰɫԲ˲䣬ϸоԼԪƽӵˣӿӣŸ
Ҳͬĸܣ׷Ѫѣӻֱӿ׹䣬ת֮䣬оֻʣ³˾ƣ
ѪȻԪ˳ĺ˷ײĲԪŸת֮£ҲǼޱȡ
˾Ƽû׹䣬ɴΪ𾪣ôûȥ
ΪΪ
˵Цһ£ʦ𣡡
켴òһ䣬ֱģ˾˵֮ǰѾôһǣһأڳûеȥʱһ͡
Ҳһ֮䣬̺Ž岨˾Ƶĵ
֮ϵֻСӣҲ


691 һ
ֻС͵һӱһƬɫ֮С
˾ƱܵؾòףǣڶԸϵͬʱҲΪֻСӻữһ֡
ԣ˾ƽСӵĹһԡ
˾ƵΪ½֮Ĺ½٣ķȦҲ켫嶥ǿ
Ǻֱ˾Ƶķɢ£˾ƵﲿλȴͻسһǣֵסľʲôǣȻܵסĹ
˾ѾЦһֳƣ˲ȫȻΧϵԴ
˾ƵƣҪڻԪָķȦʱƬɫﴫһ䣬ţƬɫΣСӽһƬɢҡ
˾ɫ΢䣬ʱСӴӽɫֻצ˫㣬˾ƣֱ˿̣СӵƷȻ˾ƻæӦУҪԸϵ֣СӣƬɫζСһ˺ûҲСӡ
˴ûᣬϵȻŹתٴ˾ಿλ
˾˲ƹ׿ǣٴε
ͬʱһСӱĵѪĽҲݺײȥ
С˲أ˾Ҳǲᡣ
ֻ˾ϣʮѪۣǣɫ˲̣ж
ϴҵʹ˾ƸҪгֻ쵽һ룬Ȼֹһһȴǽֽ˾Ƶ
ȫû롣
˾۾ųâֱųϣϳһЦ켴
һӿȪѪ˳
Ѫ˾͵ʧȥ˱ǰ㣬в˵ʲôܵɱϣˣ˾ƾ϶˳ϣ׷ɱųϡ
۾ɨֻСӣǴֻСʲôͷܰ˾Ƹ˵ֵزͷûɢϱһһĹһֻ޵ϢֻСӣˡ
СӣܣͬʱССӦò¶ˣС϶ܸ˾һػ
ϲǵرӣȦԪڤȻͣ˾ϲȥͬһ˲䣬ϻʩչҺѪ⣻аף
˾ƣƻռϷ磬ʵȻػ˵ڵȻΪѹԭһصǰ˾ƲòŲôԪѹ
ҲŴˣ˿ӰĵھŲɱȻҲʼ鷳˺
ϸо˾Ƶȴû˾Ƶʵ߼ʱ䣬ҪǸֲǿߵǰ棬Ҫô˾ƣҪôϳˡ
˾ȻЩȴҲ׳ڴʲô⣬Ǵ˿̵ΧΣ˳ϣҲʩչɱһ
׹ڵϵĺھˣҲָ
һߣϳɿųӿɱħޣüͷ壬Щħ޵׽ЩԾĪһڳ˺ھ֮⣬˱ѣ
ϳõħ޽ķ֮ʱǰ洫ĲҽʱֱǰȥϳҪߣЩħ޵Ȼǵס
Ŀңоȥһ𣬡һϵĻǶԼ˵ģҲǶԵĺھ˵ġ
ʱھͷҷȫ䣬ǧϸ˿֯һƬƮƮĿҶȴʯհ㣬ֱ׹˾ͷʣۣҲնһâ
ϸһնڼٴ˾Ƶ
Ԫڤըھ˹ɱҶ˾ͷըը˾һͷĿѣ׹䲻٣Щ˾ƶᣬֻǶ׼˳ϣĿȫŨŨԹޡ
ƣϷҪ
˾Ʒţϣ᣿㻹Զˣ£ϱ˾Ƹسȥ
䣡
ײϵ˷ȥؿػ˾ΨһʣµֱۣҲײлӸڵϡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫɹȥһܹջ˾ƵԪ˺ʹָ
ǣϸоǹǿϢĿһ˾ƣ̰غȵߣߡ˵꣬ƴžʩչߡȳ˳ȥ
ھҲæ˳ȥֻСֶ֮ļͷʣҲȥǵĵ٣ӣӵ棬˵Ƿֿһһ򣬷һˡ
ųֶԺھ˵һ㣡ھó֮ɳѾתͷ֮˵ţɵҲһɽԺԡ
֮˵ͷСӶԳһֽУҲûᣬ۹ɨھı֣Һ⣬⻹ԶԶҿȸһʾçɽ
Ը󣬳ϳһ񱼶ȥھ޷ֻšçɽȥۣĿһ֮Ҳֵˡ
սЩʱǳṩԪǴ߶վڵĳϣҲܣһξ֮ȴͣϢӳ˴棬Ǳ
ΪȻ뷨
ڳǸոճҵʱϳɱ׷ˣҪֱ׷ȥɿ˾ƵĲ״оǹŨŨòͣι˾һҩԪ˳Ҿѹס
һ֮ϳɲ׷ɱ˳ȥ
ӭ̤ڿУϳɸоĸֿӣǳϷԤϡϳô˵˾䣬һתС󣬷ֿӾӹǿЦ
켴ϳѡһ׷ȥ׷ķǸŵнۣϳٶȺÿ죬Ӳ׷нۡ
нԪǿݽߣϸûʲôƣȥڵϣʲôҲܣҲΪһȥǱĽֻ֣ƴӡ
ɾʱһѹн۵ϣﻹһˣûõġн֪첻ˣ۾͸֮ɫȻˣ׼ȥɡ
ƣ
нһ㶣֪ϳΪʲôҡҡͷǡ
ǣͿȥˣ
˵ţϳɱһ£нﻹʲôɵһҪԱŴ죬ȴûбˣϳ˵治ơ
źһ䣬ϳ˵Ϸǰ㻹Ա𣿡仰˵꣬нۻûзӦϳ֣н۵ʱһۼû¡
Ȼɽһˣϳȴûаָ֮飬ջܹ任òΪͬʱЩҲû룬ϳһ׷ȥ
ʱϴӵصð˳Ǹܻȥ


692 ǹ
˳˵Σյĵطȫĵط
˿̳ϱǰ仰ģ֮ǰȥ񱼣ڵ״̬Ǹǿߣһӳ졣
෴ǽϳĻʹӣҲõǿıϣ
ҲһرΣգĳϣϳɷˣǡΣյĵطȫĵط仰ȫˡ
Ҫ䵽ϳɵ
ڳϽϢúܸɾϳɵעҲ񱼵ڼҪץס֮£ûзֳϣϴһء
ɳϲڴ˾ˣЩˣϲ׷ŹǰᣬԺ
ϳɾԴҲ뵽ϵⷬٶ
Ȼһˣǰ֮£żıһɽԽԶԽãֻϧϲһˣϳѾץһۡ
һأϳûż٣ǲƣץųۣһץȥ
ϳɵһĿ֮꣬䡣
ͬʱʧȥ˫۵˾ƣϥָţ˾ƵǷŭϵģоϵģΪʧȥΪ֪ҪƣϷƲ
ŭţ˾ųϵһֹɵǸʲôͷ֮ǰûмܹΪֱֶγɾͲ˾ǿߣ첻ۣôõĶȴ䵽
ţ߷߲ƽʱ˾ƵĶȴͻرһ仰˾ƣʲôƽɶ˾˵
˾æۣʱ㿴ϳɵܵأ˾Ҫһʦ֡ȴԼǰƱõġ
켴˾ҧгݵ˵ƣôӣû뵽㻹һ
ҵĵӣһܴ󡣡Ц˵㻹ûô᲻أ˵˵Ķ𣿡˵ţʩչף˾ƵΡ
ƣ㲻ɱϷʦϾͻնɱңҲӲ˾ƲòһУ˵ţҲڼƽţܽ£ӣԼҲأʱֻҪʾǿߣܹ£ʱ䣬ӵʦֻһ̡
ͷûֱ꣬Ӵ̽˾Ƶĵ
ʱ˾Ƶһ죬ŵôȫȻųĸɱ˾ƾȥ
ʵ˾ƵҲԱĲģľˣԣ漣ֵһ̣Ȼ漣ûгֵ֣ȴ
ҪҲҵǰ棡˵ȡԪˣմָٽ˾ﻹûɢռתɾˣٶȷɿǰȥҪս
㡭
˾ֻü³һ֣ӱԵڵأڰУӣɻҽ
Ȼһ·ȴҲڽռڵ˵Ƿǳãеɼμӡ
ӽ䳡ʱʩչаٱ䡷ó˾ƵģǸ߽۵Ϊ˿䳡ϣӵˣѾȫס
Ӳٿԣֱһʬ⣬һεжûдﵽԤĿ꣬ȫʲôȵȣʧӰ١
һڵڱʲӵˣҪǽ֣ʲôĿһࡣ
ǡʱ
ͣϿգüһڵӣųһеĽʦеľʦ壬еĻʦ棬һÿɷߵӵ˵ǰ棬ʵǻûп𣿡
ʦǻû˵ʦģǵͭǽڣͽҲǿڡнʣ˵úţΪԼõʦĹǰȴϣôģôʱ䣬һ㲻һֳһھеľ񡭡
Ȼ˾óⷬ˵Щǻû뵽طȥϾǵʵжϲ˾Ǽٵġ
һ˲䣬Ǿסˣֻȭͷֱ˳ȥȭͷһȦɫƣ
ȭͷֱҴнʵĵѪĽΧһڵӣȫɵˣˣȫ֪ȻؿǰһС
ɱ¾ڼֱȡʩչȺԵ似
ڷӦˣغƣ˾ʦ壬ɵƣһϣ
һڳ˶ˣ𾪲ѣָʣһӾ͸ͷƱ˾ʦ壬˾ʦȥˣ
ŵͬʱеˣϹȥЩһԶ˳ϡ
ƾšߡƣȺﴩҽԪڤٺͰ׶ͷųԪڤٲϣΪ䳡ϡ
ҽʱȾڿա
лԪָķЩԳ첻ʲô˺
ûܹסϵɱ¾
ͬһֻɽͻһȺȺ֮У
ԪϬޱȣǵϣͬжһ㣬ɱ㽫̴
ת֮䣬һٶһھӣ͵Ѫ֮С
ͻΧͻΧȥߴʦɱˡ˴һЩסϣһˣͻƣЩףȴ谭
ΪסϣЩߣȻѡԱ
ԱܴȾһһһߣԱˣϸ̾ǵĸңȴûֺҲǴƴɱԱܣ˲鷳ǲܾǣȥϳɻǿɾǽԼ
ӿǰһУ԰׵ϣͻʣɢͫףҲϣĿ⣬ƴ˵ƣǣǶسл
ƣֻҪǣʲôǶӦ㣡

ʮ˷׷׸ͣԼֿĸ飬ϻͷһЦ˿ЦݣﰲΪϻǣֻвӾòԾ
Ƕ˵֮󣬳ϲ˵ɱҲٴΰɣ
һв뵽أ𣿡
ɱҵˣҾУǵ֮⣬ʲôҪ£һʽڼնʮԴ뾱ȥ
һǳϵĵˣǹҲܲð
ɱʱûһڵӣһ٣ϵģ棬ϳѾץס֮䣬֮ҲǱһץסֻСӣϳȴûץס
˵СӣͻȻС㣬СڿлӰܵü죬ϳȻоֻСӵĲȻҪץ
ɾʱϳȻһݣתͷڵء


693 ϣ
ϳƺһڵԱϵۣ֮䱾Ѿ϶ˣҪҵƣһƲɱץסûиһľĸоʱǵСõ
һ
ϳۣѾһϢﻹ߳һ۾͸һӺ裬ϳɶֺ֮ϤǲҪԱĺ¡
ϳһڵӵ۾ϳɵȻûó۳ɹԱָһ۾ͻΪһ̲Ѫˮɱ۵һ˲䣬ϳͻ뵽˵٣üͷ壬Ժжӿƫƫץס
ɱ˳֮ϳɶ֮䣬۾һƬ䣬Ҫ֮ʱϳɿ֮еһ˿ȻĿʵʲô֣
֮ųһ·ƴɱ˵ɵˣûˣΪȴһ·ǣһҵʱ䣬ѾӸ߽ʽ׵Բʡ
ǣϳǰ֮һֿ־壡
ˣϳɵ⣬֮壬ʵʵػشҽдɵ
ɵϳ֣ɫζݣһǳӳˣڶǵƾʧϳƲѣӵˣôܽдɵ
㵽ʲôϳ˵ڶ⣬֮ػصһɽ
һɽ
ϳü˼֮ʱ֮˵˵һϳɫĻֻ֮˵Уɱ棡
ʲô
ϳһŭȣɱйֱӽ֮𣬵Ŭɱʵ˭ģ
ҡ֮䱻ɱŵûعϳֺɫһ֮˵Ҵ磡
˭
Ҳ㡣
㡭
ϳôû뵽֮˵һ仰۾֮䣬ɭޱȣ֮ͻһ¿˭ˡ
ģϳɲͣҡͷЦã֮䣬Ȼ뵽ǲʧˣ
֮ҡҡͷʾ֪
ϳһ룬ոջͻȻޱȣǹϢʧˣϳ׼׷ǰȥһ̽ǣĶԽԽˣϳԺʣô˴ĶȥˣղʧǹϢ𣿡
ʾһ־ϳԺͻȻһѲĶֳģƻҷɱȥ
ϳɲţȴòϺֿܣϳ뵽Ʒɱܻ˵˾ƣЩһڵӣɾҪˡ
뵽⣬ϳɻһʲôܣҲȥ̽ǹʧϢֻһȥ
ңԶĳطǸԳΪޡˣŭţӣӣȥץ⣬ȥھһʲô״ʧ޵ȫֲ߻ͻܵӰ죬йʧߣնɱ⣡
ܻϽɱ
ʱϳ֮˻ԭ˾ƴĵطһ֮⣬ʱ׷ʲô¡

ϳһŭ֮룬ɱֱ֮ˣһȻҲһŭ𣬻Ƥëʱըĺÿ졣
ˣɳϲûлңȡߵԪˣһ·񱼶ȥղƴɱȫ
϶ŽΪЩıܾһ
ԼһңȻûпͷжܻأ𾪣ٶȣֱ߷УѾԾһóľˣһӴḶ́ҪѶٹ򣿶ܴɣ
ϳɿ˾ƻ治ĸоǿˡ
Ϣϳ䳡һصѪǺ˵ʬ壬ϳ˵Ұް㣬ۡһ³һѪһαƣϷģһҪɱ㣬ΪһڵǱ𣡡
ϳһţǰ겻ȥĵ棬Ȼת䳡ϵļپʬ壬ȫ棻һ۾ɱһۣץס֮䣬׷ɱȥ
ϳɵĺһʮԪˣƴɱǰ˲֮󣬳ϿӿȪӿȪĵһۣϾһϤĸо
ƣӲ˵ġ
һ֪ǸǿߣԽԽ벻취Ǹֲǿһŭ֮£пҪϾĿûһɹܡ
ˣһӿȪ
һϢʱ䶼ûϱ¶˾ģԾӿȪ֮УǣӿȪͨδڱһܽӿȪһЩˮԪ
ԾӿȪоȪˮŹ죬ӿȪųϲϣϱʩչУˮɣǣϷˣӿȪʩΪ
Ƭʱ䣬ϳ׷ȴû˳ϵټһĴѰһǻصӿȪߣ˻ⲻĳСӿȪˣ
˼ϳӵ֮䣬סʹ÷ֺҲӿȪ
ϳӿȪһɲǣϱоˣ£ҲԥһתƴеˮԪӿȪ֮ˮҲ
ȻӿȪ
ϳһŭȣӿȪø죬Խ棬ԽӽģϳɵٶȾԽϳüëһȭлɢȭȴûлȥƺŹ˼ɡ
һ֮󣬳ϱӿȪ˳ֱڿա
Ͽܻɻ󣬶ϲΪӿȪĳڣǳһδʱھڹſߵˮӡ
Ժб˳·ߡ
һصļ䣬ظȥ󲻾ãϳҲӿȪ˳һɨϵ쳣״Ͻǰ׷ȥ
ϱǴԨȥƴٻСǣȴûаֻӦûзͣٻ
ϳ׷˳ºۼķΪɻ󣬡·Ǿ·𣿡ϳǻЦѭ׷ϡ
ϵٻûյȴֻ˵Сӣһ˲䣬ѿڶޣ
СȴǶԳֿ죬ʮצ¶
Ǻ뽫СӸշֶһʽΣݲóȥ취ֻǽղȡļԪˣСӶ˹ȥ
Сһ㶣϶С˵㻹ⶫ͸ҡ켴ҲСӣԱ߼С۾ãֽԪץ
ʱһǿɢСӵ档
СӴϲҽʣԪץҲ׷ų϶ȥ
£Ѿǰˡ
ϣҲ֮£
СûϢϸ꣬һ켴ϲȴյСĻӦ


694 ϴɾ
ϻָ˱ĿЦڡ
Сڼٸվ±ߣתȴСǰ治Զһϣ֨֨֨ؽţЦݸǲãӳԪˣС˫צֻŲӰЩԪˣȫСӵ
С۰Ͱ͵ؿųϣЦ뿪ٸԡС˫裬ƺڿϵ仰ȴվ˳ϵߡ
ţ֪֮շġ
Ƭ֮Сûȴӭϳɡ
ϳɴӿն䣬վڳǰʮ״ϳ˵˵ôҿǵóʱ䣡
Сڿ㻹ܣϳ˵
ϵһЦ˼ɣϳɵ棬ͽ˾ƵǿԪ˸ϳüͷýȴ˫һʩչУǰռȫڽ
ϳɫӲƣ˵С̫ˣȻһطǿ㲻ȫԣϽ־ܣõѡ񡣡
Ϊһ־𣿡
ϳ˾ƵһڵӵĲ״뵽ͳʩչĹЩԥȴɭԸһȫʬ
Ҫš˵ţУԽԽˡ
ϳΪںּۻۣȻȵ
˵ġһЦСԽԽˣϳϵɱŨޱȣСû·ˡ
˭˵ûУϹЦš
ϳ۾һ˿ɫСҪһ飬ϷУ
ҡͷҵòߣȡˣУֻԼС
ÿĿ
Щ񣬲㲻˵ʵ𣿡
Ϻ˵ţϳв̤ʵһ㶼ţѵ֮ϳһֱûڳϵϣ˾ˣԣϳɲ֪ʹƬӳ
Ȼϳɿ϶˵ô໰ֱӱҪץ
ϳɳĬϼ˵ţҵǹƥɱһɽ˵ҿɱһӣ˵ҿ㣬û˵ҿ𣿡
˵ĻȴתϳɵעСߣ˿ֲǿߣСǱץסǾһϣûˡ
ϵʣϳŭˣݣСȻ񣡵ǡ
ǣһò񡣡
Ͻӹ˵ϳҪ֣ȴ̽һֻӴΧڣϳһǳӣ䲻ֱҪץȥ
ϳȫûнϷ
׼ʱȴȳˣе˳ȥϳ֮ǰͳԹȻصޣһС
һ֣Сץȥ
ϼ״ͷųǹȳһ֡
ʱϳɱоԼķȦͬһ˲䣬бըһɹĿֲܣⱬը֮
ɫأȻУģǣԭȻףûʲô仯
仯˲䣬ڱը˲䡣
ѹʣϳɣһسռ϶ֻ࣬٣ԣ֮ǰǸбըҲûǿϼ֡
ȴҲϳɷֲ֡
Сû˻ſڳϵļͷСһ򣬷·ΣƵģҲĵضռ˳ϵһֻ򣬻֨֨֨ҽвѣСҲǲʾеض˻ȥ
ߵʮ㡣
׼ˣ־ûԪ˳ԡ϶С˵СŭҪŭ֣ûᣬֶС˵ҲǣĲѪȡ
֮£ССˣ߼ƣû
Ҳᣬֻϳɣϳɵһδ벻֮ˣһأ׼֮£˵ûܣȴ˳ʮס
˴󡣡ţȴ˵ڣ㻹˵ҵ𣿡
ϳŭɸߣɶ񣡡
ûϳѾȥЦţ˳µϿգϳһС֪ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪
ȥˣֻ·һ;
ǶǶԣ˵ϣ֮ڡ
ϳ׼˵٣ȴǺȵϷͲţ
۾Ϳˡ
ϸԼʩˡߡʩչڡһ£ȥϳɴ󾪣£֮ܳǰ˵Ǽ٣Ҫܣץס
ϳ˵ô׾ȥʮֵĲʡ
ƣӲ˵ġ
׷ϵġϼ׹ϳɵٶ죬£ȴƣϳۼԼƵľ룬ԽԽԶǧֻƵġ
Ӷ߿Х
Цݣ˵Ҳ˭ֻҪסһ̤һɽ֮գһڸ֮ʱϴɾӣɡ
¼صѣȴǸȥ
ڣʧϳɵϳҲ׷ȥĶų˵һ仰ŭÿһϸ
ŭ֮ϳţӦԽĲо֣һɽԱǵ˿֮أʦصŭ˭ܳܣ
뵽ʦϳɻͲɴ
ϸСһ·ߣ··ȴûնУΪٻصɽҪȥɽ
ϳ׷ɱȥʱ򣬺ھԼһڵϤҲ߳һɽţû뵽ټһһڣȻһϣʦأкϷˡ
һڵϣھûѾ⣬һεĵطǱĽçɽɣҪӵ֮壬ͱҪçɽ𣿡çɽǴġھһ³ǿΩ򣬡ֲôǿ
ھ벻֮ĹϵֻϵĻֻȥçɽ
ߣɽԶӣȫ֪һɽ¶ȻûڵĺˣϳɻصܻغǱȥѰҿ԰˻ָҩ
һɽ壬޾ụ̂һɽ
أЩϢ˳һʮʮ٣˷ǳŵĵز˵һѾ군ˣ˵Ѿһ࡭
Ϣ½
ȴҲ֮ʿΪ治治һھͲ
ֻǣ׼ȷʶЩϢûˣ̰ûˡ
СɣʼԾչһֵƴɱ̡
ؼȴ쳤ЦҲҲЦ֮ؼ˵ĸ֣߳
Ǻڴ뱱ı߾ϣһסž󲿷˵Ĵׯɱɾˣ
ɱֳһڱʿʿơ
Ϣ屨ȥ


695 ´
ķ˹ƵϣʼûзңǹֱԽԽǿңǸƾӦǳϣӦĶӡ
ǣûֱӵ֤ݣرǣĶӾϣ䡣
롢졢Խƣȴܹնɱ۵Ĵڡ
ĶӰ׼Ҵ壬ôȥ˱أ
ǳδɹӵδǣ֮ڣʿ㲻ϣնɱ۵ǿߣôҲܵ顣
ᣬòĵطڴ˴
˿̣ŵ鱨ǳϹҵһս鱨ĩβдһ仰ӽԺҲϹճ
ճ
׽֣ǹɸоǿң
ʱʿɱׯ壬پʮĿˣŮףȫɱɾ
飡
ŭȵھϹ
ǣʿҪȥȴ˳˵˼ǲҪмˡ
ƣҲǲǼƣֻ֪Ǵİձɱˣˣ㹻ˡŭ˵ţȰǡ
˵֣ͱˣʵΪڻܵסǴ𣿡˵꣬粽ȥ
սʹ˱
߾ϵľӣ͵ס;һռʮǣ
Ϣ鱱е˶ˡ
ֻؼ棬һιЦڵľƣĲڷչҧ棬㲻޵еģֻҪһؼңԻƵ
ĴСɣֹͣƴɱ׼ֵ㣬һϣǱط֣ʵʵǲҲ̶ã
ǿ״һˡƣ
ò˵ԭЩǿߣٷְʮǱֱɱǼɱ
£Դǿ͹ƣǲòЩҲ̶õǣǰߣȻȻס뱱ľȫһΪ󣬶ȴǻʼҼȨҲҪڻʸҵ֮¡
ˣĸ֣֮УһΪ෴ǣľи֣Ͷ࣬ʵҲߣ
ңսһʼʥšš̫Ԫɣɳ֣ӣǼӣһΪУʥŵľǰ
ֵ
ڱˮ֮ʱԽҲһߣ˹ԽĲսʹñѩϼ˪
սϯƽ½ڷͻ䡣
˾ƣؼڴЦ֮⣬λҲڿЦţǧˣǧˣۼڵȵˣҴ´Ȩһ죬Ҫˣ졢Խ룬ҳӣ޵ĳͷɣ
Ц֮󣬲ͣƣǸöãϧϧĲ֣ѾΪ֮
϶һ֮ڣǰ
ǡһӰգ켴ɢƺδֹһ
⣬һ˴ϲǱǸɽøֹϵսӶȥңоͿ
⣬˾ͽŰ׹ǵˣѾ
ľƣңΣ֣඼ϣһϣǣսôãһȻ޶ԣñߴʧ
ʵ߲֪һڵʧǶôľ޴
ĳ죬һƹ֮У߽ԣȥǱҪˣ
һڸΪʲô
ģһıˣҪȻΪʲôһûг֡
һڲ֣ûоˡ
һƬУͻˤƾ룬˵һ

һڣǲǻ𣿡
ɲһڸƳ𣿡
ûУɻһˣƣŽʣնۣܵУҿۿ˶Ϲҵս
һѵľƹݣʱһƬžǽǵһƽޱȵߣüëһ£켴ָ˼˵ţų֣ǱҲоȣ

ǣɵӣ³һȥ
Ҳȥ
Ҳȥ

һʱ䣬ƹȫӵƵߣ˷Ǹƽվȥͻأƽ߱³ס³Ũľʵι֧𣿡
ƽһ㶣켴һЦ˵Ȼ֧֣³ɿ֣ƽߵ棬Ӱǧ֮⣬ϵݣѲƽģͷҲһֻӣһֻСӣֻЦ˵˼Ҳ֧Լ֧˭
ԭƽߣƣ
ϴһɽ󣬱ֱɽȥŲ֪·ߣϱȥһʣȻ󣬾͸պǼ£ЦţҿǴˣĳ˵һǴĹϺһڵǸоɱھӣǾǾӵĶΡ
һԳһУȫΪԱѣΪ˻ѣҲҪǽƣģˣôɽ׳һ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ǣϸףԶԶûô򵥣һڵʵ𣬵ǣֻҪЩڣָҲǱȽϼ򵥵ģֻһ֧ӣɾЩˡ
ٶȣ£ҪԽˣһһ㶼𣿻Ǹ˾ƿеġׯʦ塯ںδ
ϺЩɻóԪ˸СӣָСѪٽڵóڵȻ˯ߣͬǵ¼Ѫ֮󣬽ڵ˻ȥ
ĳ壬ѰƣԼһʱ벻ǣһ۱֪
ȴʧ˵Уڿһڶ֮£γһɺԸΪɵֻϧȻûƵϢ
ʱɽһ·̡
죬ɽϣȴһλǿ߽٣˾ƿеġׯʦ塱ׯܣׯܽɽ˶ȻסҲ
˶˵ǰΣ֮ʣĴɽ
ǲƣׯҲգֻ˵ƣȴԽΣա
ǰʲô˼
ʦһأԽ˱ƣϷնԴׯܶһ£ֵϷ˵꣬˶ôŲԸ⣿
˶شׯܱԹԵ˵ҪǲԸĻϷ㽫ɽԼģ
ҡ˶صׯָһԽû˵ţӲǸϷˮɡ
һԽûϡ
˿ׯܡ


696 ʾɽ
Ը𣿡
ׯһߣɵķݣôϢأڻˣ
⻹ʲôЩڻˮȴûڵϣҲûдӿе䣬Ǳһ䷿ݵӣֻԭǱңڳˮҡ
ãȵС죬ϲϡ
Խû֮Уŵˮңͻ˼ǰһģһ˿ûбղһĻǻþƵġ
˶ףׯܳв⣬ͻº֣֮ǰ˵ҪɽԼģǱ̨ʱҪɱеˡ
׹ףֻŸ߽Ϊ˶ȻׯܵĶ֣ׯǰֻáϡνԣ˶ò˵⡢ϣǰ˿Ҳǰˡ

ͬʱͷǿ˸ղŵĻ棬𾪣ڻûɢأ
˿̣˶ǺڣҪصɽһˣͿԱܹһˣ˶ţųϲҪ
ǰʲô£뾡ܷԸҪ˶˵꣬Ҫת߳ȥʱׯܿ˵ţи㡣
ǰʣ˶֪Լûʵȥܸɴ˵
ׯܳ˶һۣţΪܹŹ֣ܸϷΪʲô𣿡
˶۾ﾫоׯɢɱ룬˵̫ʦǰһڡ
˵仰˶㲻˵ϢׯϵɱʧӰ٣˶Ҳһ֪ׯܽ˵
ǰ𣿡
ׯܵ˵ɽûдڵıҪˡ
˶ס󣬿סĵ׵ķŭµ˳ȥں󣬵ȵԶʵʦ㣬ô죿
еӣһ𣬶һָͷ˶ʵ˵һ䣬ȴף˶ֵտţǧҪͣҪ⣬еٶ뿪ɽ
ʦ㣬Ҫȥ
ʵ˶һ£ûлشֻǾֱɽȥһȻӰ
ãսս̺ţׯȴ˵Ϸӣһһۣ˵ŵĵӡ
ֻҪԸ⣬˭Ҳ㡣ׯܵţŵԴȪΪĳΪ
ǡøͲǰͷĵӣֱֲ˵´ͷԸԸˡ
ׯɫɫǲԸ⣿
ǡǡ
ߣ
ׯһߣøŵһæ̧ͷȥңֻúõģһׯܱ۾ȷǿõˮʣܽǴһڣպһڶٶ֣ǣҪһӣȴǱ˾ܾˡ
ׯмƽϣȻӦĻҪº֣նݳˣϷòģ˾ͱõҲܸһ
üׯûٱʣʯͷ£ȴ֪ׯܴŵǡ˳߲⡣
Ҳ֪ʦֺʱأʦ͸ĻԽߣ͵űɣׯţ
һߣٿǣԽҲơ
˿̵ıޱȣֻ۸ܼƻԳɹʵʩؼ棬ҲüͷҲǷղѣһǴԽĽ̫죬Ѿв̣ռĲãҪӰ죻ߣ滹ûг֣һҲûɽһڶļ壬ʱܹΪģ콣ţ˵ɵʵֱ΢΢
ҲؼķģǸԽԽ࣬ԽԽģƳ쵼ǵֵӵϢؼΪʲô뵽ƣһڵԭ֮⣬ߵעڡơ棬ʲôնˣʰ۰ˣնɱ˵ȵȡ
״̬£뵽ǿƵƣҲȻȻ
ؼ浣ĵıվ˳ôĺƻȫʧˣңΪ£һйøơ
֮ϣĳӣЦ˵˵ǵĿǴܺʱ¶ĵâ
𣬳ΪȴԽɱܾ֮ٳ֣֮ɡ
顣
顣

һʱ䣬ڵصĳӣ׷ױʾͬǵЩˣҪʰͽǣ涼ûг֣ĳǿҲûг֣һжԤϣ
սɣսʱٳ֣书һۣɲôõĲã˵ĵȴͿ˻һû֮⣬õкǲˬıǵȻûеٵ䣻پǴ½ʧһ㡣
ʥ
һͳ£

ڵŹά֮ʱɽɽ£ȴվһĨӰϸȥ˶˶Ȼסϣֱӳȥ嵽ߵǰ
һ·񱼣һ·̣Ӳǰĸʱɽ
ţôվһ۱㿴˶˶ֱ˵һڵɽϡ
ׯ
֪ʵֲܿΪʦ֡
ǾӦˡ
ﲻӿɬû뵽˾Ƶׯʦ壬ȴɽ˿̵Բ۾ǿ߶򲻹˵һʦˣһڻǿңΪȡʦɽˡ
ţָЦ⣬˶ʱ̣ȻЦóʵƣЦʲô
һصȽһ֣һǹɱ˸࣬һ߽ۣҲˡϿеġŵȥûһǡġ

˶ϢһȴûǼ٣ų˵ĻﻹȻ˵ֲһڴʱɵɽԭ˿ɡ
ʵҲСӣׯģ𾳽ǿߣһǿߣɨǲѴ֮ġ˵ţȴûʹ뿪ׯܼȻţҪ뿪ˣſ϶ۡ
˶˵ƣʱ䲻ˣϽߡ
ȥ
֪ˡ
ɻظ˶ǰȥ֮£˶ӣȫɽ֮Уһ΢Щʧ񣬸о˶ɽ֮䣬ƺĳϵ
ʧ䣬˶ֳǰץס֣ɽܡ
ϵʧ񣬱˷ɡ
һʱ˶ϴһ㳡ģĵطϻûȥϸ飬Ϳʵɽףף


697 Ĺ԰ˮ
˶ץסϵɽףҲ֪Ϊʲôϲûиоǹѹޱȡ
ԣŻдһʡ
˶ͷ˵ɽǧɣ
ǧɣ
Ͼȳ켫ϣҲǧŰ׶ѣ֮󣬳ϴ㳡ܣ㳡ű͸ıɣ֦ҶдУѩϻƣֱֱͦʿվڣ㳡һ
˱֮⣬㳡עĿģһı
Щ״һЩģһ󲿷ֵޣ϶ûмϵ濴һòΪϤޡ
ܣ
ֻֻͦڹ㳡мܣȸζǳıܻҪϰٱȥͬһصľˣ
ܵδ϶Ҳ򵥣֪Ƕٽ׵ġͷʵţʲôطôôıޣ
Ĺ԰
˶еĸ֣óϸоһ˿۾һУ˵ŵ˼˵Щޣģɱɵģ
˶˵ͷЩˡ
Ĺ԰Ĺ԰ţԺһȴûץס˶ҲûֻͣƲǰȥ˵ƣϡ
ǵ⣬ʱˣϷ˼Ͻ˶һﻹʵţҪʲô
Ȼ֪ˡ
ϲıΧʱʱһֻסޣÿһǧףһբ˶Ҫײբ֮ʱբԶ𣬵ͨբ¡
˹ƣеɻԽԽԽԽŨˡ
ֱаٵբ󣬳ϵĿУ͵ر⣬ѿڶˣ
ڳϵ߷Χ棬ֻЩģޣˣŮ٣ÿ˵飬ţ˷ܣ־壬ŭôʵ侳һˣ׳۵һɲǡ
Щ񶼳ս״̬ϷŹ⻪ȻЩ⻪Ҳס
ţ﾿ʲô
ûȷеϣֻ֪﷢Ѫȵƴɱ̫ʦ²һۣĹ԰һ˲γɵġ˶൱죬šһ˲γɡĻʱ˶˵һ𾪵Ļֻ˶˵̫ʦƲ⣬ɽҲ˶ֵġ
ʲô
ɽֻǺȡ֣ǰʲôʲôʲôʱֵģ˿֪Ĺ԰ЩբȴŵʦƵġ˵֮䣬ִ˺üʮբ
˱׵
ıȻʱ֣ޡ
ֹʱ˶ͣס˽Ųڳǰǣαһޱ񣬳֮⣬һˮף
ˮһ
ţ⡭
뵽ɽԭ򡣡

ƣ㽫˫ַˮϣһ£ܲɽȥ
ɽˮף
˶ͷ˳ϵɻ󣬼˵ܹǸ߽ʵΪȫˮͣ
ˮΪϾȵʶΪΪ֮û뵽ΪˮףʵɽȥΪԶˣ
˶һЦڱӳ¸ӵӨ׽ޣصô򵥣ˮײһ˶ɵģΪֹ£ҲֻһɣǸҲУΪ̫ˣҪͻƵ磬ܵĺ԰ˮһ£ˮҲһӾܽΪҵһɽˮףֻ˲ӣڣҲɰʱѡ
һ㡣
Ҳ˵һܲɽȥǲܵĻ˶ûм˵ȥת˵Ӧܵġ
Цţǻ˶ҪӺ˶ҪŷôôԶȦӣϹҵʱ򣬾Ҫ
ԥ֮󣬳ϽССȡ˳СںˣǳӦĹ԰¶ȣСȴֱ£СеؽţƺϲСӳԱСӵ뷴ϧ
˶ֽСӻסСŻֶָ
켴ˮȥ˫֣ˮϡ
˶ؿţ۾ϣ֮⡣
ͻأˮ׸һǧʹɢ俪Ѥãƣܱڱӳù½룬ʱƮǧʹ֮Уϱһɲɿܵˮ
ţǧʹ⣬Ҳȫˮˮ׸£ָֻԭ״̬˶һҺɽȥˣȻ̫࣬ҲӦЩ
˶۾ﻹɻ󣬡ҽȥʱҲֻɫâƣȴ˶Ĺâζʲôʲô仯𡭡
Ϻ𾪣ղǹ֮ʱһȣԼϰĸоһɽˮоһֵľͨش󣬾ʹǳ
ͬʱϵԺһĻǧƴɱƴһۿͷս󣬺ɱףɱ¾൱ңÿһʽÿһУɢܣóľѣвֳɽɽݣԺɣޱ䡭
СӰҲǧɱ¾֮С
ͻأһɢĽâгϮϿ񱼣հ㣬âȻϮϸоһֻľʹУʶʹϻоʹϮȫ
ھǹɹһֻΧް㣬ĴײȥܵﲻͨܵҲǲͨÿһֻͨСߡͨӽŵ׵ȴȻڴȴֱ»ȥˡ
ĴײĹǼǹɾʹ
ϣǾϣ֮壬̥֮󣬾ȫޣҲֻʮЩΪĳĳֹ죬ǵڵģ֮䣬ͺǸߡľͨһġ
һˣǵľͨģȻ
ֻ¾ˮױҲһ죬ɽһ֮ˡ
ʶ壬ھ˫ĥʶսϣЩȻನ֮Ϯؿ飬ǹɹҪ徭
ϸоˮѾꣻ˶ʱŽһӣ˶ǲΪֹģһ˶ţǶԻǴҪƳ⣬ǡ
û꣬˶ɫ䡣
ֻˮĳϣۡ³һѪˮ͸죡


698 Ѫ
һѪ罦ˮ
ͺˮʢһѪ
˶һУҲδ£ˮôΣҲѣһѪûѪţ˶ֱȥˮ׸򿪣óϳ
˶סˡ
֮ѪΪǹɹĴ޳·֮ʱͻȻÿһĹȫһԶӿȥ
ͻϳܲס³һѪ
뵤ʱ򣬳תǹɹھһͻײŰޱȣת
ȻٹɾʹһҲûʧԽԽǿңԭ򣬳Ҳоĵڷ仯
ʶɱ¾УѪ쳶أѪεϣҲóһʹ֮У
Ȼ򣬴ʱĳϣעȫûзʶʹ֮ϣѪ֮ϡ
ˮԴմȾϳһѪ֮ϣһ㣬ϵѪÿһëɽ۳¶ȥëףղˡ

˶ѪĽˮױѪȾ죬ĿֻţǰĻ棬ѾԤϣԭֻһ£ɲˮ׵ĻҲûʲôɽˮаرǿӦ档
֪ȴ֡
㲻ܳ£Բܡ鼱֮£˶ʲôҲ˲ˣֱǰȥҪˮƿƳǣ˶嵽ˮԣ˶ײһȥ
ײ֮󣬸߽ʵ˶ײѪ˶ȡǰɽף˶ʵܹӵ¡
һ֮ˣϹʱǿ١
Ȼ顱һһ˶ٴα棻˶һηײǰһηײܵ˻Ҫأ˶ǿ֧һγǰ
ʱ˿̣˶Ųóϳ¶ҪϸȳǰٴΣֻһ˶ܵˣҲԽԽء
϶ԼڵѪȫʧȥ˿ƣѪѪﴫˮϣϲ֪ˮҪѪŻͣġ
͸ˮףȻѪޱȡ
ССҲŭĿӣСнţһǰȥһν֮СͬûͻǹСļԼˣײѣСҲ³ԲԪˣצǰ˺ȥ˺˾ʩչĽɫȦ˾߽۵ϣʮѪ۵Сӣȴ˺ǹ赲
һһһ棬ͣ
ˮȻڿųѪڲѪͱȲʧȥѪĳ̶ȣĵ֮ڣ鼱ʼǹա
ϸоԼĵֱǿˣ
ʶУϳѪ֮ʹûսԵȥսģУʣʲôطȻҵʶУǿңΪҵʶܵоʹ̣
ʹ࣬˼ʣͻأ뵽ԼˮˮףһװˣˡǰյĹ԰ʱԺ⣬ģˣޣֻҪģǾ
뵽Ϸ·𿴵ããеһյƣ˾ƵǸ֮ׯʦɽųϣӵе似ط֮Уܶ˺ģҲֻԼûŪ׵У
ֻҪյ֮࣬ԽǿܸׯĴΣԽ󣡡¶ģһὫЩеȫ
һף뵽ڶʱĴҲǽĴ뵽⣬һéٿ֮Уܹ磬ӵвܣɱͬԴӵУ
ϾڣҲǸʵֵȥɱ磿
ڣϵʶɱŨޱȡ
֮⣬ս⣡
ԽɱԽŨ
ŬסԼͷųһѪɱ¾ϣ޴ڵɱһӵϣϵݻٸʴ
ˮڣϵ壬һҵĲˮҲ֮УˮȴʼɢѪ⡣
˶ˮ仯Ǽǰӣһͣ¶֮ɫǰҲˮװȥڴָ⣻ȴûʵ֣뾡˸ַˮƶ÷ֺȥˮףˮҲûаַӦ
˶²ˮһ벻ڱ롢Խ棬˭Ƴ˾ÿһɽˮϰġˮԶתԺﻹһЩսÿս֮Уһáˮ·ָһ
ˮٶȹȻܿ죬ĶࣻǣȴҪĴľһνˮʱ˶ӶûмֵټȥӣҲˮ׸˳
״δ仯
Ȼڽ죬һжˣˮųϵѪ뿪渡˿УҪǣѾʮˣճϵ϶ѾޱȣΪʲôˮûֹͣûн׳أ
˶˼⣬ȴִŵأһһεƴš
ϲ֪羳ֻǲϽͷųɱĥѪĥŶ̶ʱ䣬ϵѾٵ١
ָܹ
˵ǵ֮ڣѾ˵֮Уԭźüɫĵ飬纮ɫ׵ɫȪˮɫ׵İɫԪڤٵĺɫ
ɫȫ͸
͸ĵ飬⻪ϣת
ֱԼıǿˣǣȴԼѪҲ챻ˣıǰ״ȴָı䲻ˣ޲ߡ
֮£ֻƴԼϸսľսɱв쿪Ҫܽսϵȫȡׯģһܽôأ
ʱ䣬׾Թ϶Ȼѡ
һۣʱ͹ˡ
У˶Ƕ꣬·˼ʮϰһˮеĳϣоȴ෴Ĵ֮УǸоʱı仯һ
ʶͣսȥôãȻûеģ֪Ƭսж󣻲ϵ뷨ȴǳˣȻܹģѾӦսϵɱˡ
ˮҲȫһѪס
ϵӣݿ£ȵڹſھòҪݡ
죬߸죬ʮ죬ڳϴת˶ССӵĲͣ£ȥˡ
һ죬ϸоԼǼʡήӣͻѪ


699 ˮ
ˮ׽ѪɴˮҲѪס
ʮ֮Ѫ׷Ѫӿ˳ϵ棡
˶ףٶ㶵ؿǰ˼ı仯
ССҲٹ
ѪëｦȥִëӿȥһʱЩãȻ޴֮У֪ԼѪ򵥣̺һЩѪ֮ˮһһͣϲ֪Ѫʲô仯᲻ʲôΣҪһж̫ˣɽϿѪ졣
ǣѪȥܳϿһҪѪصڣҲܳϿƣѪѪٴκѪҲˮ׻Ѫһ𡭡
ѪɾѪײ٣ֱ͸ˮס
˶ĿУ
ڳϾһжôĲ˼֮Уֱ仯ǹɵסϴӶʵıݣʼɶˡ
ϲ˵ĵƣΪͻҲܸ洦˵ģʩչаٱ䡷ģϢҲܻסһ󲿷ˡ
ˣϵǲݣԪǹѹתͷŹ֪ǲԭʱݱˣϢˮڣǹųΪͻƣαȫһһš
ϸĵظһУ뵽ԼˮõôôǺڵأ
ϽڵӴָȡ
ڵһˮâ͵شǣڵĻ㣡
ϼڵû£ָϽУԤеԼˮʱ䣬ܲˣʶУϵѾɱƴɱһȻܵĻǳϵɳȴ쳣ˣΪ棬Ѿ̺һЩ֮ɱ֮
˶ųͳĺڵЩɵˣһУȫ󣻵ʱ˶Ҳоϲ¶ֵһ£ôˣǸһǿߣ֪ˣҲ֪
ʮ죬ׯһֱǼһֱڱ
ǲʱݣȫɢˡ
Ͻ֮
һأף֮Ϊһ·ֱֹͣǽʺΪ㲻ٱ仯
ͬʱʶУǸȾսΧʵʰɱۿҪܣϽʣ֮Ȼ
һ㣬˿Ļǰñͷ˿ʵ΢ϸҪ֮ǰǧͷ˿ܵڵһ
һߣҪ֮žй֮ʹˣĹҲ˼ʮ
оı仯ʹɱ̺ɱնɱȻԹ
Ȼ֮£Χɱ汻ϸնɢˣǣƬսϵɱҲսǰնɢиɱӿ
һսѪɱ״̬
ʮ죬ʮ죬һ꣬ˮŵʱ䣬ȫҲûʮ죻ƣȻһԾʮ졭
˶ţͻȻڵˮ˳ϴлع˶Բô¶֮ʱˮأرˮ֮⣬ɽ
ˮֱ֮ʱһֱ˫ۣׯܣʱ۾۾Ϭ֮⣬ҲׯʲôӱһԾǱ֮Զѳ룬ׯԾָ֮
ϼׯ뿪һûȫ£صһ仰ٸһ㿼ǵʱ䣬ϷٴλԲͬ⣬ǾͱϷ򲻿ˡ
Сɽϳãоһ仰ɽıҪ䣬䵽˹
ׯܼ֮䣬ˮ֮⴦ԥأׯԾɽ˳ˮ֮£ǼӲʼѡ
棬˶𾪣Ѿױ֮أ鲻Խز
ΪǸˮףʧˣ
ˮ׽ڵ׳֮ˮױ㿪ʼɢǵˮ⣬ɢ˳ϵ棬ϵӣڰ֮С
ˮʧɲǣˮ֮⣬ʧɽʼҡζʶǷɱ¾棬Ҳʧˡ
ˮ֮ʧׯܶӿƣȴȻֱֱ¡
ޱȣǳϸϽ͸ȫʵĳΪȻڣǿ׳йɱ֮
֮⣬ϻоһЩڡ
ţˮ׹Ȼޱȣˮϸʮ꣬Ϊ˵ܴﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ţܿȥȴûпˮ׵ӰӣȻ켴˶ʵţˮأ
һ飬˶ȴûзӦʵδˮʧУع
飬˶һ飬Ͼ˰㣬´˺ü飬˵ˮףȥˡ
ʲô
ϴʧɫˮôܣæֽӳ׵׵ؼһ飬ûзˮ׵Ĵڣæ˵ţ㲻пЦɣˮôҵأ
ֱ˶˶ĵͷԱССӣҲǵͷѣ˶ʵƣˮʲô
սǧƴɱս

˶ȳʵһѣǧƴɱս˶һ棬켴˶˳Ĭ֮С
ˮȹʮĴѾ֮أؼûпս֮ЦݣеֻǳݣзŭΪؼҵĵ̣ҲռˣõЩƻڴ֮£Ҳóһãǻ֡
ؼźţ棬ôΪʲô
滹ڱչصУϳȻŴԲΪһˣҲֹǰңҲи֣һ֣Ȼͬױĸ֣
֮£ϳɽصʦֵǽг˹أЩһأ֪˴£Ȼ϶ţ˽⵽ԽٽʱЩߣŭˡ
֮˷ŭΪжమΪǽԼĵ̣ߴţΪʲôѵһɳȥɨƽԽ
ϳԣ˵Ƕˡ
ˣ
Щ׻켴ϳɱ㽫ȥ˵һ飬ʱһƬţûУ
֮˵Ҳ˵ڣһڣֻʮ˸ˣ
ǵģʦׯʦ塣
ǣô죿еˣϳɣϳغԨеƣû
ͬһʱ䣬ɽף˶ͻȣã


700 Բߣȡ
ô죿
ô죿Ÿ߽ΪǿߣƢЩȵô죿ɱɽȥǣȺӣȫϳȥϳǵĵ£ҪɱһƬײ
䣬˷ʦܣûô򵥣ԽĸҲ٣
ʦ֣ô־Լأ
ⲻ־־⣬룬ѵļӣȫˣһڵѹƣǿʵ޼ЩɵĵӣڻҶ񣬳һЩǿ⣬ǿ߻϶һڣڣһʮ˸ˣǾԲеġ仰˴˵ͬ
ô죿ǸƣϷ벻ˣһƣôնɱһôˣ㻪ǻԹޣȫ˳ϡ
Ҳ˼ţһôɱôˣʵʦ֣ƻԨ𣿡˶Ŀ⼯ϳɵϡ
ϳ룬˵Ҳò׼ӣаղ
ܣǸԨȥҲֻ
ƾһʲôˣ
ϳҡͷ֮ǰЩ£ɺھ˾ڴ˾ˣھˡ
ĺھҪץǵڿľǧŰپʮͷ㻪ܼҲܷŭϳ˵Ԩ²ׯʦȥնɱҲӲˡ
ׯʦ壬ƣˡ
ϳֵҪ飬Խӣһٲ¶棬ƻߵķŭԺǿҷһڡ
ȷǸص⣬֪ǾͲЩ̫ǡ˵ţһְʯͷԼŵĸо
˳ĬһȻЩʱ֮ϳ˵ȰɣׯʦʦأֻҪʦأЩ⣬;⣡
ϳ˵仰˶ͷѣֳ˶ԵΣͬʱҲţЩսµĵӣȫˣν
һȺ̻̲յˣľӪȴһϲ죬洦ռۣ忴ŴӸش鱨Щ鱨ʾûƵϢǣһϢƣʧ֮ǰһɽ
һڣüͷһڣǿɲһ׵飬ȥǲܵģֻͬȽߵֵԼƣΪϣϣھı֮ϣЩѣûĿⷴӼᶨʲôҶȥԡ
뷨һʵۣԽϵǿͬʱһڳ֡
뷨ЩգȣҪռ챱ͱҪһڣһڲռĳ򣬱ʱʧȥԣһڷ𲻿ɣΣʵҲһԳ֣棬춨Ӣ
϶ҵġŶӱδ򵹣վĻ档
Уһڻδ֣ȻûгʾܴĲ⣬ۿڴԽҹ֮£᧿ΣҲֲ˶ã뵽Ȼ֪٣ͺЩ
Խƽദȸں󡱼ƻɾҪգһ˼֮󣬵ʹʲôֶΣһôԽ֣Ҫ¶ˣǻƴɱ
һӰ֣ȥ
ս֮⣬ûע⣬ͬһȺ˸
սдչ֮⣬ιǱͷҲ㣬ңǱ۵ĻУϡ䱦ԽԽ࣬󲿷ֶ졢Խûмģܶ˶ڻǱ󱳾
ɽϣ˶һá켴˵һڵǸǿˡ
ׯˣ
ϼʣһʱʲôˮףʲôһ࣬ȫϽڵŽָССϳϵļ
˶ҲǾţϾׯܵʵ̫ڿֲҲǻŶңԳ˵죬ߡ˵꣬˶ⱼȥ
Ͻ󣬿ǣȴóָЩսָȻҲֻռһЩСģЩһ࣬ϵĴָװ¡
˶ȥķ򣬱ǰǸĹ԰˶ϵľٶʵƣʲô
ЩҲá
ڳϵ۾Щɲһһı񣬶һһŵ
ԣ˶Ҳȡָųȡ񣬳Цţлл㡣˶˵ʲôһ£ȴû˵
ȡٶ൱죬һ·ϵı࣬˶ĴָװڳϵĴָһĶࣻ״ֱָ˶ʮöָ˶Ծƣôഢָ
ġЦŻصĲ١
˶ڶЦóʵƣǿں㲻𣿡
𣿡
Ϸһ䣬˶ȻҲЦˣǷݾţ˲ʧӰ٣ϱȡű񣬱˵Ҵ̤·ƴɱǲޱȣǰɱ֮УҴû¹Ҳ£һ˿˿£ҲڡȻׯǿߣҪȡҲضҪصĴۣңҲһ˵صˮס
˶ϵŸȾ˵㡣
ϿЩȡ˵ıź˵ҪҸ㹻ʱ䣬ҾͰЩֽˣһߡ
һբ£˶ϣЩܹסׯһʱ䡣˶˵Լš
ͻ뵽ɽӳձ˺ĵرʵţɽף᲻һˮԪĴڣʲôĵر
˶һ㶣˼һ˵һ治֪켴˵Ǹˮףһ취ˡ
ϵͷˮܴߵߵΪֻҪܲٵʹ࡭˵ˮ׵롶Ǭ֮ͬ
أ뵽Լĵ鷢˱仯ԺһʣˣЩû𣿡ϵסȪˮϢȵȣȫһ飬֮ЩǻãֻǣЩ·˱仯
ţɽȻζһɾӳϻˮ׵ĵط˶ͷһۣͬʱ˵ˡ
˵ͬ˵Щ˶͸ŵǣϵĻȴȻս⣬սУ̺Ũɱ
ͬʱϽҪȡ


701 ù
ׯԭˮڵλϣһ£飬ЩݣΪоУһľ
ĴһûսָӴޱӼת֮ׯܴһӣȴǽ޴ı֮뻳
ϿһĻ϶ʮֵľȣׯܾȻôռĴָ
ׯ۾ǵڣ˵ӵõ𣿡
켴ׯܸ˶ϸղܹͨȥЩ·ׯֻӳȭѳĩƺÿһȭΡɽ֮㡣
ӱﴫĹ԰
˶վڱĹ԰˶ȻڰųȡҲʱ˶ڼʶ˳ǰ˵ġĻ١仰еġ١ôһ˶Ѿȡʮöָ
Ĺ԰֮󣬳ϱ㽫ĿֻӴϣһԾܵļ֮ϣûнƻ֪Щڶˣƻ֮ʧ
Сؽ̽һ̽ȥϱоŨ˵ʶиܵúԶǡϹҵЩǿ̫̫ˣǰѹ̺ҪŨ
ѹ
ѹĹ֮УϸоЩЩͬã֮ʢ⣬Щйɱ֮ѵΪɽԭ򣿡
ϲûнȫѹҺΣֻѹһ֮󣬱Ŵھ
ʱ䣬˶Ĺ԰ЩȡıȫһգһѴָϣϽӹָʵţ֪ʦǬ𣿡
û
ŶСЩʧ䣬Ϊ뵽ʦȻǬڣиɻذɣţ˶ֵҲ֪
˶ᵽʱʧ䣬æתƻ˵ţϺȥɡ˶ҡҡͷĿִš
ţ֪ڵʲôֻһˣ㻹ţҲšȰ˵˶
Ҳŵӳɣ½ϣҲʲô̫ƽ֮أǣҲиӦ˵һͨΪ˶϶ˣ֪˶˵ɽģԣҲߡ
ϿЦãţҲΪҺã˵Ҳһɽһնɱң綼ҵҵġ
˶ҡͷܱ任òսһҵ㣬Ҳô׵ġ
ţһɽҵ˺ܶôʵԣһ˵Ļ򲻹ׯģӵҲûġ
˵꣬˶۾͵Ŵʵģ
Ȼġ
ϼᶨ˵˶ǰŰɣȴҲԼ˳ϵ׸׼תȥ״һղ˵úɣʵӣǿߣһʲôҲǳ˵𾳽磬ǳħʦûдﵽľ硣
أ
˶˵תߣտһĹ԰Ͽգըһţɣ
𣬳æţߣס
סϷ𣿡
£ǰСӰУͬʱһȭӡֱ϶۾һݣһȭֻ֣Խճȭڡȭľͨ̺ʮ岨ں˳Ϣܣ䱬ӭǸȭӡ
飡
ֻȭͷȭӡײһ
ʱһɺƥܣֻͨȭͷ˳ϵ棬ӱҪ˿ȥԼʩչһʩչȴǡǡı
ڡı֮£˫Ȳ˱񣬲ܵڣЩֵǣܵ壬ûų˫Ųѿ
Ȼ˿̵ĳϣȴûע⵽Щ
ųǿֹס˺֮ƣѪӿʺѪҺûѪ£Ƿ˻ȥսÿһѪǲ˷ѵġ
ǹȭӡ֮ڳŰţҪϵӸͱɳʵǿֻ𣬲ûըѿоһУǻǰ壬㲻ҲѺ۳֣ˮУΪǿҲʵ˲١
ţϽȭӡ֮뵤֮Уûܸƻǵܸ˽ȥںܵĹ֮УϸоǹĲܴȻںܵĹУҪõǹܡ
ׯһȻûиϴ˺ɫҲǱɷס
ûлѷ춼ûУûеˣûпѪׯܿ״΢΢Ծţӣȴ˵еĻҪǿϼ֡
ƣʢ֮ʿΪʵȷƵǧľţׯϸ˶˸񣬻صлл佱
˶ϾȻֵסׯһЩų˵ĻԥתߣȻ˶ȴо󣬸ţҲˡ
ţɣûϷͬ⣬ôߵˣׯܵ˶ֹͣ˷Ϭ֮⣬ɲͣ
ׯܼԳ˵һˣ൱ǧ
ֹڴˣϾûоԼΣһЦŷʵ
ׯûзŭǺͬصͷ˵˵öԣպĳɾ;ֹڴˣпܣᵽһܸߵľ磬һ˿ɼĴ˵
ҲΪġûȶ֣Ҳֵʱ䣬˼ׯ˵Щĺ壬׼ţÿһźƴУҲ׼ţֻҪһ֣Ͼͳһϲ
ׯܻһתǡ
ʲô
һУҪһǰᣡ
ʲôǰ᣿
ù졣ׯƽŭϲ֮ΪžԵʵֻ֮һ֮䡣
ȴ⼸ĺ⣬аȻһЦ벻⣬˵ҲҪù죬Ҫùס죬Ժÿһ졣
ׯҡͷܻġ
۾гһ죬˵ͷĨˣ˵ʵĿġ˵꣬ׯܣׯܵҳŭټ
ǣһ˿һƶûпׯԾôƽƽһ̶ˮ
һ㣬ϿսѶϵӣͷ֣˵ʵڻһǿϣʵǴزǿߺܲˬׯܣȴûио
ׯ˵ȻҪȥҪһڣΪϷ洫ӣ
˵أʵ
ׯûɣԹԵ˵ֻҪһڣڿʼһڵһţʦ֮һڱģ


702 ˵
ֻҪһڣڿʼһڵһţʦ֮һڱģ仰ׯܵ˵صڱĹ԰ڳ˶
ʱʱ䶨
Щޣһӱ˱һ㣡
С
˶һʱһڣȻǰǿǧ꣬ǹģҪȻҲô£Ϊ˴һڱеһڣպƵģ˶Ŀڳϣ˵Ʒһڵľģ֮󣬲ô£ǣ˶Щģôջֵܲܵס
˵ʵڻׯܵĻ𾪻ǲСģϾնɱһڳǧĵӣһڴôѣׯȴҲᣬô˵
һ֮󣬳ȴЦˣЦ˵ҪھţͻҾһ
˶⻰ڷ켴ϵĻׯܵıŭⲻ֪仰˱ԼһƲ̬֮⣬˼ŭׯܡ
Ȼһʧˣǰᵽ治ѣż塢˶ŭѣڳϲᵽţׯܣϱ飬ûһŭļ
ׯܵ˵ţƣǾŲ̫ˣңĴҲûмɱһˣʮʣۣɥ֣һ·һ֮ͨ·ȴҪ·ͨǧ֮·ȻˣϷͳȫ㣡
˵ţׯ̧֣ʱһǿѹׯɢԽԽŨֻƺҲӵŻһдڵܡ
֮£˶Ѿסز
ѹ֮£ȴһЦ
һЦׯǵı飬Щ仯ׯ˵ڣ㻹Цó
ΪʲôЦϷʡ
ׯ뿴ϾʲôʵЦʲô
Цղ˵˻

죬Ӵʬڣ̺ŵ治٣ͬһ㣻ЦնɱһۣɲžŸ
˻һׯܵ۾⣬ֻϼ˵֮ǰһһɽ˾ҲնɱˣԣӦնɱۣ
ƣ
⣬Ǹھڿɲһڵˣҵһūͣ
ϻ䣬ׯܵ۾ŨɱֱϰΧ
һ߱ɱΧҽ𲻳鵨ѶɳˮУǧսɱȴǻ벻⣻෴ԪתһɰӿΧЩûбȡָޱ񣬾Ȼӵ渡
бֱָׯܡ
ׯɱһƳҲظ֮ǰǵģƳȻ֮״̬˵ֲܹɱһۣһ٣ٶһڣֻʵϷǰҲԶԶù졣
Ͽׯб仯һصùԲ֪ˣȻһΪӣʱ׼ţж㶯
ԳϾܾׯܿǸǳջԺׯܾɱϣһǱҵһڵˣȥٷŹԺָҪһڴʲôѣׯܾƣɱϵĻƽ׶Σ
ׯܻЩϣôɱ֮£ȻӰ죻ҲΪׯܸҪƻϵܣֲֿ˼֣Ҳڻ׼ţЩѡ
Ȼδ֣һɿµѾ֮俪ʼӿ
һ˲䡣
ׯܸһƣϻȥ
ͬʱʹʮӭһƣ
䡭
ұըʱڱĹ԰ڣϸоׯһƣƺšһơӰ棬ײӡ֮ϣѳ
һ飬飬
ֻǧ֮һϢ䣬ʮ񣬾˸ɸɾм׷ƮӡȻѹ£ӡ֮ѾûǰǰǿƣڿգʩչߡӡӲʹһһıײӡ
ͬʱŴѱɢ
ׯɫһ֣óϵóѣپ٣ӡѹ££ʱһʮɳĽâ쵶һ㣬ɢ貶ĿĹ⻪Ȼն¡
ǰһƣԪһƣǽԪ
ׯģ˽Ԫ֮⣬᲻ỹԵԪ֮ǰͺһսѣȴϣׯܱеĻҪѣ̤׼ҴΣյһսԲע⣬֮֡
ʹű񣬵һȣѻȭʮɵâһȭо̬֮͵ȭƵ˷ȭ֮žĴ̶ѿ
ȴǳϽȭ롰ȭͬʱһڡȭ͡ȭ֮Уȫǳϵͻ֮٣ţУֲܹܣôڡȭ֮У᲻Ҳáȭܱأ
һڣµȭնϣкɫâͬħһۼڳϵȭͷ֮ϣͿеµʮɵâҵײһ
䣡
һ죬ڱĹ԰бһޱҫ۵Ĺâ̵ʹͺʮ֮ڴĿһ㣬Ĺ԰ҲضɽҡӿȵɢķǼ̵ɽڣ޴ı飬ڵϡ
˶Ҳ粨ӿеСε˿ȥƺʱᱻɵһۼҲڡ
ӣնڿգ²λȫû˱ĹصףǴȸı㣬ʮ޴Ѻķ˷еׯܣҲǲҡ˼£˺С벽
Ȼֻǲҡ£ֻ˺С벽ɶׯ˵ȴЩȣ˾֮⣬ׯܵҲпϧ顣
ȵԭƾȻΪ飬½Եǵһ⣬ӴҲԿƵʵȷʵϧľǣôһţȴܹһУһ˵ӣׯţպ½ϣһڵĹâͬǳ
ңţ컹䣡
Ͽûʱȥׯʲô˶Σص˲䣬ͷļԪڤ٣˶ư͵һ߽
ʱǸӡֻգѹ£
𡪡
ŭХ˫˲Ѫɫһͷڷţһ㣬أƿֱϣͬʱġһơԾ
Ĺ԰ң


703 ֣
ϴӸղһӲƴ֮УѾظоġȭܹȻɱӣϾѹʮﵽղǸЧ
ŸʴŻ𣬵Ԫȵһȴܹ˴׹ǳϴδ뵽Ҳδġ
Ȼϲ֪ԭԥڽˡһơ֮У֮ǰׯӲҡ˺С벽ľֹȫ֮۵ףĴ
һơ˾ӡ֮ׯܻӡһ
飡
ӡȫʧһҵϣ֮ǰһûֹͣ𶯵ɽֿʼҲҲŴˣɽϵı飬ҡ
ϳһղӡԾУׯʩչӡռϷ磬ɳϺӡѾһһı񣬸ȥ˴󲿷
֮£иղǷ棡
˫ֳŵأվֱǵѪĨȥׯܣЦˣ˼Զ
ׯҲЦˣЦУ˳
һ㶣Цס
ׯ˵һ֪ߵغСƣΪϷĵâƴɢϷӡܴϷ򣬽ܻȥ
ϳĬ۾֮֡
ׯδ˵ƣΪ˶Ըǵâӡ˼ŷ֣ʮ֣ׯϼЦ֮ɫŨ⼥Ц֮ɫװ¶ľȻ¶
Ҳţղǡȭ͡ȭǡһơ˵ȥŷҲ߷Ҳʣղׯ˼֣֣
ʸׯܾ͸˴𰸣Ϸ򣬸ղֻð

һľ̾ţôҲû뵽ׯһûжãԼˣ˵˲ᣬѪȴޱȡ
֮ȻǿˣǿɬٻعͷղռϷ磬ȫǼ󣬶ңЩЦ
ԪڤٲƵ˶ׯ˵ĻиޱȣЩڣǰûƵĻ뿪䵽ؾأҪƷ
ׯܿصı飬ȻǺܸˣҲһɽϺĥϷˣնɱͷׯܿ˵ƣڻͷü
ͻЦˣЦׯܸоĪׯȴûǰһΪʲôЦׯģķϻЩ࡭
δ˵꣬ׯܳˣһƵһʮɳĵâ֮УâǰСɵâ֮ͷųѹȴ֮ǰǿࡣ
˲ȡעԪڼնһâӭââڿײѿ죬˫ٴβأȴȻһˡ
һأׯܿɲնһâӶĵâֱնȥ
ЩâԺظնλնġնɵڣΪʱ䡢ԭ򣬳ϻûûɹԣֻԡڼն
ׯܵâһһϵļ϶̣ܶѹԽԽ٣ڼ֮˵âܾǿ
ϼзȦׯ֮ܿٴμԪָзȦ͵סâϱĻͷֹ˿˿ѪģǱ
Ҳƴֵʲôı飬ʣµıȫʹţײׯܣȻЩ͵ׯܵߣѿ
һʱ䣬ʯգĹ԰ͬʱҲע⵽Ѻ󣬱Ĺ԰ʼɢתʱñĹ԰ǶҶԣ϶
ôʵʹǾܵıײׯܣת֮£ܺڴأ۳ôʹ
Щȣ˵ľ֮£ܱ񲻿˲Ŷԣڣȴģûмȥ಻ĵâϸϽԼϲУնҷնڶʽ
˶Ǽ棬оһ֮ȴ࣬㣬˶ڵΪǴսֻ֣ǷǵĽ֣
ŰپʮŵӰڿգסеâׯܿ϶һɫ켴ҡͷϧǿϧ
ʱӰ֮Ȧâֱնơ
ϲնŰپʮŵӰһȦһȦȻЩâ̫֮ǿ˲նнӰ֮ȦԺȻ̬֮նڳϵ֮ϡ
뵶âϢ֮ɢȥâϮϵƾǧն˿ڴʱðһһѪѪȫ
ЩâûնǣնƳƤ֮󣬱Ҳûն롣
ȴûϲӼΪǿׯ֮ǰ˵ЩâҲѣھɢ֮նƤ⣬ľ֮ǿ
ͬʱׯҲھڳǿղЩâնɽ콭նϣȴƤ֮ˣϧ
뷨ϵĶҲûģǰռıһ߽һߵشӴָȡ˳ׯܣһΣׯõâնʹ䱬ը
ը󣬿ɳϿ÷ЩܣϮׯܵʮ׷Χ֮ڣȫ⣻ûзرըһ
ϵĿĲ˵Уһս
Ĺ԰ԽԽŨ
ׯܾ˲Ծüͷ壬˶ȴԵĺɫɷףʱϵԪڤ٣ȴڴһһ壬˶ͨޱȣɫָҸղܵƣҲϡ
˲䣬˶ϹʱϸֽС
ƣֻЩֶΣϷͲˡׯʧȥģ֪ׯܵ˼æ˵ˣ
ͻȻ⻰ׯܲһ㶣켴ЦƣòżŭϷĪ˵һƣʦħϷҲ¡
𣿡Ϸʣ˵һ䣺ׯģ֪ʦûأ˵ţѾӸɾ˶ʮöָı񣬿һصıмʵЩʹΪñûгַӣֲò
ׯǻĿ͵һ켴ȻЩƣϷûõġ˵ȻϷͲˡ
£ׯܵУһ貶ĿĹ⽣Ŀ⻪ϵ̫ҪҫۣĹ԰Ⱦһԡ
һ֮УȻܱ񣬸һͻأĸо
⣬ûע⵽ȴע⵽ؼԪׯӿȥӿһع⽣Ԫӿ룬⽣ԽԽ󡭡


704 ¾⽣
ʼ⽣糤
˷ӿԪŹ⽣߳ߣɡ
⽣ڼԽԽ󡭡
ͬʱпµԹ⽣Ϊģ˷ӿȡɱڶȥƴܲĹ԰ɽҪһ
ɽϣеŵӣһ𣬿ǰǰбıɽȺ֮УеӵӰãǲˣ
ͬʱҡҡͷ˵һڵǸˣɳȥˡ
صӦˡ

ɽסУҲǽҲڵ˶ʵҪܵɽȥ
ʦ·֮⣬Ƕ档
ôЩʧǣָоǿңӶŪףΪʲôֻڵĵӣȴûע⵽
ͷŽ˰ŵӣ˼һ뿪ɽǵɽҲҪӰ졣
ز׽ץס˫ɽᵹ𣿡
Ʒչȥпܵ˵ţȴɽףҪƴɱʹǱɽҡ
仰ȴǸô˵ֻҪҾȥɽˣ
ԣȻȴǳϵ˵٣ͬʱҲԾɽҲҪȥɽף켴ת˵ˣϽʦɽ³۷ʲô¶ɽ𣿡
ʦǡ
û£ΪʦԻǡܱۣΪׯʵ̫ǿˣһŵӣȴ˴ӦɽȫһȻأôȰ˵Ƕһͬͬļʽ
Σȴܸжڴűɽĵ
ɽףϸоԪøˣԪĹ⽣Ԫ۳ô򵥣ɢƣնϳϣϿ»ἴ
Ȼû־ܣѾʩչУڽͬʱԪʱǰȫӿ⽣Ԫһ֣ϵӿпɢ

ׯܵľȣɫ˱仯仯ת˲ţָֻȻ״̬ſ˵ƣֶΣ
ҵֶΣء
ϵУԽԽŨׯй⽣оɾų߾Ŵ糤ׯ˵һʽ¾⽣ϷóķÿһжݼһϷҪ㾿жֶΣʹֶΣƣϣ㲻ҪϷʧ
ҡᡪá㡪ġһһ佫˵꣬Ļս⣬ӻÿһ䣬ڶսʶеǧƴɱϵս⣬мơ
ׯȻǸоϵս⣬üͷһ壬켴չôʵ֧ôʵϷ𣿡
ʺׯܽ¾⽣ն£
ϼУ
˲䣬¾⽣նУ˵о¾⽣
䣡
飡
бըǹɹٴδӱըеϮ¾⽣бըʱ¾⽣Ѿըòҡ¾⽣ûɢׯҲǻ벻⡣
ǣȵׯ鶯ݣоǹɹӵĪܣ¾⽣貹⻪ٲ۹âн¾⽣ƬƬɢ
ҲͽڴˣʣµѾɾų߾Ŵ¾⽣ն£ϲ㲻ܣٴʩչС
¾⽣ҪϮȴûӳУҲûӭȥһӽǽ¾⽣֮С
ԭϵĿģҪ¾⽣ɡ
¾⽣˵ȴȻԵޱȣֱҪиׯµؿųϵľֹϳ¾⽣ս֮УȫȻûǿµԽԽļӲ飬ϱľ޴ѷ죬ǱҲڱ
˶սԶϵԪڤҲݻ٣˶ԼķĿֱųϣȫĵģ˶Χǿ͹˶ʵ񣬴ڹǿĳϣܵĹ
ڣϷѾţ֮ʣ¾⽣ɵҪ¾⽣ȫʢ״ֻ̬¾Ͳˡ
¾⽣뵤֮ڣ֡
ʱҲƽ˳ʮɣ̽˶״ٸʮȦԪڤ٣һЩ󣬲˲ǵѪׯ̵ܲЦЦٴڿն̤ׯܡ
ͻأס˽Ųעܵıϡ
һ״˵ɽѾҡܱҲӦѲŶԣֻ۰ѣӴӱһ֡
֮⣬ǺúõģȻֱֱͦ
йŹ֡ϳԾܱׯǳԾڳϣׯؿǰնڳ˿ڣ󲿷ֶѾϣһЩ˿Ѿʧ˶̵ʱڣ˿ھϣĪ似ˣϣɢŨǡ
ׯȻҲǿܱ״⣬նɱ֮ٽȥоȴ룬ӿһͷܱķǿá
꣬ϼǰȥȴʹо̤ͬʱϼղŵļսŨ˲٣ٴνʮöָı񣬲α񣬻ޱ񣬱ը
о̤似˵ǿֻһû߾磻ʵҲ΢Щͣȫ
ԣׯǿ˵о̤Ͳܸһ˺ǱĹ԰ŨׯҲûôģ̶ֳȵͻƲķ
Ҳ⣬սֻԼÿһȭÿһÿһУ
ڵʵܽסϷĳɹҲĿˡׯܵ˵ϻصҲĿģΪҸͲҲ
ׯһЦ³Ÿ֣ƣ
£ׯܵƣڿУʱкƺǷϿССƣûбȴһѹµĸоָоû
һҧһʩչУׯܿЦͬһУϷǰȫãҪһУֹֻڴˡ
һһԹ֪ǣааЦݡ


705 ۣ֮ʮ
ׯЩ벻ףΪʲôʱ̣ƻЦóׯƵʱҲЦǴεƴɱֻһԷȴһʾֻһ֮ĶǣЦóΪеƣдɱУһֻܹ棻һֻĹ֮£ò
ǰׯôƻʲôƣеƣܵˣϾΪ߳ʵ̫̫ࡣ
ơ¾⽣Ԫ󣬲ܲԽԽֲׯܺȳơ֮ʱһ֮ϣ۳ֲ֮ܿ¡
ʩչУĹ԰ŨϲٿܱＳȡֻܵС
ЩȻ֮УȷǳǰʹһУһģһûڣĶ൱
Ϊ뿴һׯʲô̬ȣ᲻һ棬ǻ򣬻˾һһȤׯ⶯ôƴɱ֮УׯȡͲὫϼնɱϾͿԴУٵ
Ȼׯȴһ⶯ļûУ۾ṵ֮̂⣬еֻǿ͸
УҲתУңӦƵһ£ͬǣУڵ֮Уȴˮõǹ
ˣΪ֮ǿҳţƣׯģ֪Ϊ죿˵ʵڻ϶ׯܻش𲻻ش᲻ᣬûаա
Ϊʤȯյׯܣȴûнơѹ£˵죬֮ӣﱾ죡
һһ磬һһأΪ棬ֱ죿첻ֻеһ֣֮һѣСʱӼҰʷĶ࣬һ˵ѵľóһֱˣʵûн죬˵УҲ͸˼
ׯһ㶣֮ǰϱֳ似ûׯ¶飬һۣ֮ȴׯȻˣһϣ˵죬֮棬߸ϣɱȣ
϶ׯ˵ⷬȫǲмһˣ족ʵǺΪ죿
ߣά֮𣬳֮ӵ֮
Ҳأ
⻰ׯܵɱһŨʮǷϵɢ¶ĺƺʮ㣬˶ѹ֮£Ѿˣǹֱ͸ġ
ׯΪ˵ߣ˳ߣɱ֮֮֮
ƨ
ֱһֻʼѹ̶زʣΪۻΪҪ֮˳֮
ǣͻɱ㣡
˵󻰡飬ӲмսⲪɱңұ죡ңұ죡ųϽһ仰˵սУ⣬ֱ
ׯظоϵս⣬˿飬Į˵ƣϷ죬㣡
ɡ
³֡
ʱׯܽѹ£ơӡֱɱϣܣһֺƲѹ֮УҪ˻֮£ɽɽҿЩڡơӡΧľ޴飬ɴСı飬ҲɲǼ䣬Ϊм
⻹㣬Щм仯ޣֱˣˮĻ״̬ûг־ʧˡ
ϽѾѹµУ˳ȥ
õģ첻ߣֻ·һׯȫϵĹѹбըơӡһ裬ڱըеĹ롰ơӡɱ
ܲ˼ӽٵǧ쳾Ҿûж쾴ȻúõػʮŸﶬϴ˻һׯȻʵʮŸﶬƣʮꣿ
ааһЦʵʮ꣡
С
ׯе𾪣ʼʮʱʲô磿ֻ佫ɣƣʮȴܹնɱ߽۵Ĵڣׯ֪ܲ˾Ʊնɱɲǳһ֮
ׯ𾪲ѵʱ򣬡ơӡ֮ɢһ֣֮һңʣµġơӡɱӡ¡
ϣ˵Ǿ仰˲䣬ȭͷׯܣҪׯܽսׯܲʮʱׯڳϽʮꡣ
ʱ򣬳ͻرɫİ׵׽ͬʱչˮдʹɱ֮
ЮɱͶȥׯһʱʴŷ֮һɱնŷ֮һһׯܾʧ֮һ
ׯһ֮ԱȳļҪࡣ
ɽȴóն
նɱׯͬʱϽ׼ǸУʩչׯܣׯΧЩ֮УûмֻƾԪִ
ԪγɵĻ֣ɲ
ǰ⻤֣һֽ
бըׯܵĻ֣˲䱻ơ
һɺƥׯϷŰرǹñҵγǿᵽ״̬ķ籩ֱ̨ׯܣ˳ȥʹׯڿзײɽϡ
ׯܵǣѪˡ
ϵĵڶֽӶ
ͬһ˲䣬ϲѹµġơߡֳ̤ׯնһɡΣնׯܡ
ʱׯܻڳԾԼȻϻѪ췽ҹ̷֮Уׯ˵ĲУǹǰоľ
ƾȻ
ׯܿܽĳɹ¾⽣ƵļˣȴϣϾȻɱУˣҲϬ
˶ŵؿǰһĻԺﲻͣظųϽׯܺ÷Ļ棬߶ţˣΪ֮ʱҲûôɣ
ŵ˶ͻ뵽Ʋʮ꣬һʱ䣬˶֪ʲôƣ½ϣӵʵģһ˼ꣿ
Ȼͻðһʮǿߣ˶š
˶֪ϴӷϲʵֻʱ䣬ֻᶯҡ
ׯͬҲ֪֪ǣǹ˵ʮܣΪ˵õһڿϺܺõץסǸᡣ
ׯô˵Ҳǿߣݵʧ֮󣬱ָ˹˷ʹɽϡ


706 
ơ֮£ɭϣׯܵҲЮ֮ɱ֮
Ҳ
˵ׯܵ󽭣ǳϵֱ֮һСϪȫͬһϣҲŴˣׯܼԼȻȥ֮һ࣬ڷŭˡ
ŭ֮£ƺɽֱϵȫûˣϵûоʹ𣬶ʹɱƴͻײɱһ·
Ȼׯܵס˳ǿһɱô񣬶ƲǸ
֮ɱ·硣
似ȭɱϷѾѪļռϷľ棬Ҳ»ׯܼ˷ǡεնǷ
ǹרƷȦׯܵķǰҲʧȥЧãһĻԤУһ˾ƴɱ֮ʱǹȻ
˽ž֮УǡơӡЮŴ磬мɱڵصϮ
״һ̾Ϊǿߣ治Գƶϣׯĸջع񣬱㽫ĴþƣһƵףѾأղһǻ˾ƣϳ϶ܽս󣬲˵նɱܺݺһ١
Ҳ֮ׯˣȫǹˮлõĹͣͻ䣬ϲپϷʩչУת򡰳ơ
ơײһ춯صը죬Ĺ԰ϿգҲըһϵӣɳһ㣬ֱײܱϣֹסơ
ܱһЩмȴȻûѡ
ųܵͻƵƴɱ᧿Σˣҧأ֮ʼԼʩ˰ףסׯܵϮ롣
ȻһвʧЧׯ̫ǿֱ͸˰ףȻׯܵһããʵ̫ССԺԲơ
Σ֮УϸԼ𣬷һ˲䣡
ϱܱ񣬾ۼʽ΢طɱ߷£նԽԽСԽԽֲ
ûõģֻлһ;ׯǵѪۼѾȫɫԼ͸ŷŭ顣
ϴѪˮУҧ֣㲻ÿһֻһɹôҪʳˣϺԼжٽׯȫһоҲԣ˵ⷬΪԼȡһʱ䣬Ȼãһϣڡ
ׯû˵ĻЩ꣬廳˵Űûܹˣ벻죬ȻϷѪĺܺãܺãȻûϷʧϷҲʧ
ô˻ŬһЦݣ絶㻹ΪԼ죬ܲ㲻죬Ҳ죬ɲ죬ֻһūͶѣ
ׯſȴȿڣʵǰ˵Ļ𣿡˵꣬Цаһġ
ǭ¿ѡׯܵ˵ףɱų
ׯ˵꣬ҲƣɳȴоԼ类ǧУʹǳ˲ףһεĹǴ
ųɹɱóϷ׹ԨɱסӵԽԽСϵɫ԰֮ɫŨͷʹѣӽסؾҲǵѪԽԽ졭
ʮ£ƣϷܶྪϲȻӵɱֻ֮ϧ֮£ɱֻ֮һЦ
ûлشȫĵصֿšɱףɱ̫߱;гǿֻ𾳽ׯ̫ǿˣҲûнɱȫ绹ڣǵһ
ׯܼ˵㲻ߣʹһ㣬ϧϧׯܵѾڳбϷׯһظųϡ
ȥСţڻ֮أñ䣬ĹҵҲֻɱﻹֲУܹؼʹܱ
ţͻһסˣдʣУСγУɱΪֲγУ
뵽⣬ȻȻԾЦݣׯܿЦݣ۾һݣв뵽ѵƻзƣɣ
ƺׯ룬̧ͷЦŶׯ˵һһϲġ
ϷĿԴϷͲٷ㣬ֱӽɱׯ˵ⷬɾ޴ѹҪó߱
Ϊƴɱׯܷƣ𾪵ģǸ似칥ǹ־ҪսҪ£첻µز£޷־
Ҫ֪һˣ˵ׯǿߣĸҲĤֺã˵һ˾˵˵ʲôǶᷴԣȥƵãȫﲻˣľ͸ȭɱ
Ȼׯִ̣ܵˡ
ϵĲ־ҪǿׯܵĻȫǺѹֻЦ˵һ˵㻰ˣ˵ˣȻҪ
ߣ
ׯһߣΧЩ޴飬Ȼѣɽҡĸĵӣڴ˵ţ쵹
ɱסɱ¾ռĿռ伫СʹҲȽѣֻѵĵֵסһһת
աˮСôɱһУһ˳УӦת
տʼתٶȺҲѣɵ棬תٶȣ񱼵ҰһתʱޣΧҲɱòˡ
ɱУＰ⣬ûбȥҲеںϳһʱһɾ˵ܣﱬ
ׯܵһʱо쳣۾ʹɱУɱȥׯܵʱС
ţͱиɱ
һ͵һɱׯܵǿܽκηֺһγУܾô򵥣
ϵУȻСڹǰֻһҶССıۣǣҶССıۣȴƷնˣ
ô㾪ϲɣЦ
ׯܱɫ䣬ʵһУʲô
ʲôҵûãһ롣˵ţ뵽ǧƴɱĹսѪ꣬ʬ纣ѣɱУһ
뵽⣬˵ͽɣ


707 ߳ŭ

ϸɱϳɵУһôԵȴëȻɱڡȵ۶֡
ׯܾ׽֣ȴЩ㱣㱵Ĳǡ֣ǡչֳʵʩչˡ
֮ǰƶûʩչһУո֣Щ˵ţǸողŴģׯܶųϣϻһӣġ֮ȴԽԽǿ
ɱǧѾڣǡΡҲס
ϻһܵ飬ġûΪɱׯܵӴӦؼ٣ׯЩɱˡϣšϵԽԽ󣬹ǿ
ׯȻҲ쳣״ƣųġɱѾвסƸմġɡչȥ˵ȫᱻɡ
ǣǰֽ˵ÿһֻݼһ㹦
һׯЩѰ졣
ϿׯܵԥЦǲҪӼ㹦Цһ䣬ׯܵɫЩѿȴν˵ûϵֻӾˣӶٲ㣬Ҷˡ
˵꣬ϱôׯܣгȴûаɣȫѹΪһĹ׼
ûгⷬׯ˵Ӿͼˣɳô˵ׯȴǷƴɱһӽɱջأת˵ɱ㣬һҪ
Ҳ˵ϣղŵƴɱˣЦڵʣûׯջֹͣǳʤ׷ϡ
ׯϵѿ֮ɫŨ˼֣Ƹղ˵仰ȫͲһķ֮ˣ֮ǰһеȻȫΪԳʵܹѹð㣬ȡ϶ɹӲס
Ȼ򣬾һϵеƴɱׯܷ֣ս֮УȻԽԽǿǿܹѪĵزңׯһֵĸоƵǿڼȥ
ǵĨȥڵʱˡׯ˵һˣ˵һУ壡
ɱһ㣬ׯܵٴλȻǡɱѾ͵ųɣʱˣתٶȣ͵ؽ
˺αƵƤˣ˵㻰ˣҪˣ
һЦά֣סׯܵķɱ
ׯŭߣɱϣ
˵ţׯҽţҪ֤ղ˵Ǿ仰ʵԣֱϲ£˲ҽžͱϰٱһɽͶµӰȫϰΧһҪϲȳ⽴ƣӶ
ׯģ߳ŭˣ
ڼŭׯܣׯԽŭܾͻиʧԽл᣻ͬʱҲҪӳӰӳׯܵĹΧܿׯŭ֮µͻ
ǣһȴ֣ˣӾͺƱǧסֺ޾ԨӣɽһĽţԽԽĹ԰ıأѾȥ֮ǰսɵѺۣԽԽԽԽҲˣıʯ飬Խӻҡ
һʯУȻֱֱ˷ıңϮһײȥҡơ
۾бŷľ⣬ԽԽսۣȻܲˣҾͣս
һ𣬳϶ʱġȭ롰ȭϣ¡¡ըɽ֮㣬һ˲ּ£Ͻס
ϵ·Ѿ鿪ȥǻԪָзҲѣ۲šǲȣϽӿȫÿһ䡣
ͬʱٴУȭϣһը죬ܹȻƴ󣬾Ȼׯɽ֮ϻʮףȳҪûԾգ֮ʱɽ֮һѹԱǰٶȣѹ
ׯּӹһӣɽ֮϶ʱʮף
ϡۡ³һѪĿӼ㣬ҪңûôףϣҲôˣοӻϣ
ϷǰһֻϣֻһֻȽǿ׳ϣǿ׳ҲֻϡׯĮ˵⻰ϤѪҺȴǷڣԺ뷨ת׶ûãôҲׯĲ֪˶꣬ɳ׿϶Ҳ𣬷ٲԪڤԪΪҲǡ
뵽ѩʦ似оУ似УׯǰĿǰʵ֧ӳЩ似Ͼ״£ӥ족Ǻܺõѡ񣬡ǬָǬԪնҲ
ڼҲǲС
ͷڳԺһׯɽ֮㣬ֻʮףϲԥԪڤټֻ֮ϣȻԪڤ𵽵΢΢Щá
ׯܸоЩȻΪһɢԪԪɢׯûôԾΪɣȴׯܺݺһѡ
Ȼׯܱˣɽ㲢ûͣԽԽ£ׯ˵ֻϣٶĴţҲûã
£ׯϵԪڤ٣ȫѿ
ϲׯܸʩӵѹѪһڣգҽָ似ΪһСڼ죬ҾͽȫΪһ壡
ׯϵź˵Ҳûлˡ
۳УףˮľǳϢķ֮ȵȣȫһ㲻ʣؼת󣬳뵽βνӵĻ棬ҲЩƣֻƽģȴġ
Σʱ̣ûȥúо֤ԣֻǻ˳ȥȵУ
һȳϰա𡱵˳򣬽ԪԪոβνӣУ͵ٴαɢľսϢԪ꣬
ׯ۾иһֲõԤУȻׯɽ֮죬Ͻʮס
Уת󣬲ûоʹ˰֣ȵڣ
ʱɽڶ㣬ȴԶԶȵڶ㻹ǿӳͬԴԴϵ֮УһɻϢת
ٺȣڣ


708 ھУ
ڣ
һ֮£̲ص룬ǱĹ԰Ҳ˷롣
֮ǰõһ̣ӳã

ԽԽŨѳֳɫתһħУת֮ŨֱʶǧƴɱΧ
Ϸ֮Уûע⵽ܱҲ˹ųϵķǱҪġȻһᣬתȻٶȺȷʵתţ

ׯһףˣû˲ڽ죬һСһֻϵĴڣȴһһεľȡ
侪ׯȴ˵Ҫٰ׷Ŭˣɣ㲻еģֻһϣ
֮ǰǰ㣬˵ˣûˣ仰ֱͨϵĶ䣬ݺݵڳϵ񣬻صţɣ㲻еģ㲻еģеġ
ܵһҡУҲǼҡΣҪ
ׯܼ״񣬲ûϷǰǿˣСׯܻﻹû˵꣬ƽˮĿ⣬ͻ罣һ㣬ֱϡ
Ϊׯܴӳϸоһǿҵս⣬üͷų˿ɻƣ񲢲ս⣬棬ս⣬
ׯţǡܵظоԼսһ㣻ׯ֪ܲеġǳϵ⣡
֮⣡
ʱصڳǸɣ㲻Сͬһ澵ӣ÷飬ʱǸתٶȸ죬øӿ룡
ϺׯģôҲ𣬾Ȼʹ˼ƻһУ㲻ԼܱɺûʲôһУֽѪ𣿡
ׯܱҴһ죬ָƽ˵ǧٵֻһ֪Ϸ򲻺ƽϣΪϷѾˣ
ãܵó𣿡
һȣڣ齫ϲͳ̶С
ˮ׵䱾ʲôʲô֣ϲ֪ǳ֪ǿܹɱС
ˣ㹻ˡ
ׯĸ֣ǰԼ˵ĳиһݣټһɽϽжʮס
ɢӿֲˣܵıȫ֮УսУЩͱһӶʣ
Ͻ֮ŻʲôУ˼У̺ѪΣͻȻڳԺҵѪкЩӦҲһɣһˮ׸ӦôһЩɡ
ţѪ½֮УһȥǾˮٷѪûидʲô仯֮ǰһƽ
ׯܵüëѪеһɲǣȴǰδе£۾л¶˼Ŀ⡣
Ѫ֮󣬳õģܵȫǰ֮УϿԼδйУǹճЦݣаȻޱȡ
ţֿʼѹУľ飬ѹܣֲ
ѹеͬʱ̧ͷׯܣһһ˵Һվҵͷرǻ־ӸµĿ⿴ңģᡣ
ׯ飬ѹеǧ˼˵ȥˣŻɽ㣬͵䵽ͷϿʮ״
ϲѹУǿǰ󣬿˸˳ȥһ𣬡Уȥׯĸը
˲ɽ֮ϣ

ءĺ¡ըڱĹ԰ײܵı֮ϣڶʱ䣬˺ƣͣıʯ飬ֱӻޣϣѾȫָһСһС飬񼸰δѿĴء
ӵ˿㿴ɽһ
أӸоǱɽ뵹ʱ䲻Զˡ
Ĺ԰˶ֵŲѪѣɼΣգ˶Ҳû뿪ϵӰһֱضš
ֻׯɽľ㣬иըѪģֻҲԭΣׯӻõڿգֱײɽ档
ҲᣬϾׯܵǸɽ㣬ͬһ㣡
ׯǵɽϿյɽ㣬ǱĹ԰ɽǧɣڱĹ԰ﻹûʲôѹĸоһףףϾ͸оֲļѹ֮ϮǿҪϵ˿ڣͱˣѪ˿ڸ󡭡
ӦׯŶԣôˡԳ붼ҵ󣬸ϽϳȥȳϺò״ѪۣصĹ԰ĵϣׯѾָڿС
ֻʱׯܣǰСӣٲ֮ǰǰ̩Ȼһн֮е飬·ҲˣͷҲˣǵѪҲһͿˣϵɫǾ񱩷֮ǰ졣
ȥҪǱжǱ
ׯ۶ųϣ۾ȼŵģĳŭׯܵﻹţҾȻٴƸˣСϵƣôʩչ͵ؼҿܱһֻΪСӸˣ
Ͽŭϧ֮飬ŭգܿŭȼ϶ׯģԲ˶ߣ
ƣϷǵһϷѪġ
һЦԺҾͶܵˣѪŵϰԺһܣ˵ɣʵϣĳѾӽڼޣԪݽˣݽˣڵĵҲޱȣٲ֮ǰ⻪ֻܼ
ǣ˵ӣȴܽ伴ָ̻Ҫָ֪ҪӣȻׯôܸأ
۽⣬ܱܱ񣬾Ȼûе£ֻӴӣѾըС˺üȦڵܣ֮ǰ֮ܵһ
ܱҲ̫ǿ˰ɣׯǸҲ俪Ȼվţֲ֮ǰҽʹϵӼΪϽӶܱϣţûע⵽ϵѪεܱϣȻӿ˽ȥ
ׯܿŭٳһ죬ƣȷǿڻս֮𣿡
Բ֪ˡ
˵ȴڸоԼǵЦݣ˳


709 ǣѪսķ
ǹЦ⣬ׯܵƴɱɽ㱩һû뿪ǣջȴԽ׳ɱŨˣ⽫һɨһǧףٿȻǰ죬ӹǧס
һϢ֮󣬳ǧ״䶨
̶ʱ䣬ȻһׯܵǺܺõϰϲϿһȫԶׯܣһЦ
µĸ߸ϣȴһС飬ش볾ҲֹһΣƴɱΣׯ۵ŭѪʱǿߵĵȻСòȻе£С񣬳˿ĵƦһ㣬ȵƣͷˣ㾹ȻЦó
ΪЦ
һʣԺȴڿ˼Žָôսղþȫеܣʩչ̤һ;ǿһŽׯܻˣһЩ˺
һ֮󣬳ҲʩչУⳬǿʩչʩչһͨˮУȻܡ
ΪˮԪԪݽߣʩչó
һǡȭһǡһơҲѣ
ׯٴɱʲôӦԣЩɲܳΪֶΡţȴûͣ£Ҫׯܸӷŭֻׯ˵ʵܿ
ׯȻ켴ЦС˵Ϸһ֮ˣҲ˵Ϸ̫ˣ𣬱鼱䣬ׯֻܵҽţٴαâ
ָͶ䣬Цѵ㲻һóȴһСϷ㲻Ҫ֪𰡣½жٸĴڰ
ƣϷ򡭡ׯܱȣͻذֱׯģƺӱŭ˹ֻׯ˵ƣ뼤ŭϷ˵Ϸ㣬ҪҸطú츳𾳽磬ҲͲѣʱϷа壬Ϸ治ܰôֻϧûǸˣԶûǸˣ죬ɡ
ׯܲ˹ﷴϣҪóϷŭҪϵ־
һϵЦݹȻʧһƬأôܹأнʵɱģսģǶģꣿܵȰ꣬ܵȰ𣿶Ƴٵλҵļˡˡֵܡ
ׯȻ뷨⸱ףΪԼԹЧ˵½֪½жΪ롢Խ½𣿿Ц֮أ½ĵһˣǱߣи磬Ƭ󺣣Ҳ֮ؼ󡭡
˵ׯܵʵΪȫʵһű㽫ϻ𣬲ôϻŶԣǣׯܿǲ־ЩִǵҪѹϵĲ־£ֻղܵ裬ȥϴˢ
ȴûׯܸղ˵Ǿ仰һ̧ͷׯ˵ɱ㣬òŵ𾳽磬Ϊɱ㣡
ܿ񣡡ׯ˵ô˵ţȴЩͬ⣬Ϊǰƣֻʾ磬ȴƴɱôУˡ
ýɱңͲлˣһΣɱ˾ͽ㣡ںں˵
ׯܵͷ˵仰˵úȷģϷһɱģׯܺƽˣȴЦˣҪɱң׼ø۰ɣܵˣԶԶɱҵĴֻۣҪһţֻҪһһڣҾͻֹϢĹ
ѣվվˣ㻹Լһ¶
ׯܿųӣЦţЦǳζЦûʱЦͻһͣȴǳϹӹ֮
һͷޣҪҧȥׯܵëѪׯûϷҲûϵһݺݿȥһ顣
ׯܿϷģ۾ɱǣɶС㻹ΪϷκ㲻ã˵ţׯʩչʮġɱ
ɱǿסûоʹƴˣܲˣЪ˹ֻصӲƴɱ
ׯһϾʹš̵ׯܸڡɱذΧ֮УһƥǣѪսķ
ϵķׯѹȥķŭ֡ڡһ£ȼҽϵĹ⻪ţƣϷҪһֻţȵ޾
ׯʽҪﶪӣʹһҽŲٱ󣬻ƽôСŰ߰ѪֻƽСĽţɢƣ֮ǰɽ㣬ǿʮ
Ϣųϡ
ûƴȥӣΪͲӣҪսսѪһ̣
ӷˣһ˵ƥ¶ѾǱˣ֫ҲøȥˣǷݣȻڳϲ־֮£ҧҧҧ
ƴѹڲдһһׯܵҽţ˲ʮףѹϵ˿ڣһѪڵأܱ
ƣ㲻ҪսսϷôս
ׯܵŭУҽϽףȴûõĹֶΣȴǳֿѹ˳ȥ
÷ׯһ۾ͿĲһ䣬תЦȴߣ
£ҽ£ϽףеȴҲƶ˷ֺƾׯ˵ƣɣ˵ġ
ׯ˵ţȴһξ̾ڳǿѹ֮£ʮһ޵ӣҲᱻѹ飬ѹѪģƣȴǶƳһЩѪӲûѣ
Ȼׯܵľ̾ûн³ѪϣѪͻų۹âׯԺոѪ֣Ǳöһϵ֣ͻׯܵҽ֮ϡ
ţӰȥһӰСһȴСӡ
Сֱ̣ׯǱ̳ѪĲִȥСֱڿգʮצӣץׯܵ
֡ơ
ׯһȻŭ⵽СѪŭȼճɺׯһƽСķɣСӵٶȺÿ죬ڱķ֮ǰׯܵϣ˺ۡ
ϷҪ
ҽֱֱ£ףһףۿҪϣһǲʵˣֻܳΪһ̲ˣ
ϸϽСɿ
Ϸȥɣ
ҽϽߴ磬ʱϽղſռĲһܱ֮£


710 Աɽ
¾ѪׯҽŽģʹССӹûۼĲһ϶֮תܱ൲
ׯܿϱܱ֮£Ҳһ㶣ܱǿղǶׯͣסҽţû£ɴڽŵĵЦƣ㲻Ҫսһʲô㣿
ⲻս𣿡
һʣׯоֱݺݵҧһ飬ׯܴŭּӹɱ֮Ӳ飬ɱڣ̣ɱ
СΪһƱ񣬾ܵסϷȡ𣿿ЦׯܻԪĵǳޱȵľʯ飬ûһ衣
һ棬Ϊ죡
ϵеϸתҪ취ܱǿֵ֪ܾܲܵסȫһ㵲סһܵס
ǵסô죿
Σ֮УȻʹšɱ
ׯһŲźƺ̤صزܱϡ
䣡
ײ֮£һϮķڣŴ̧ϿȥӴܱǿԴȵˣͷܱûе£ڴš
𾪣Ȼׯһϣûˣܱ񣬾ȻӲסˣ˵ܱϵס˾󲿷ֵĹȴನڳϣѪӿ֧ŵġУֹͣɢ
ׯܼϲ־ϲȫܣܱûʮһ֮»
ʮɹУǾʮһɣһУһ
ׯҲ似Ҳ÷һ̤£Ҫֻҽţеϣһһһ
䣡
ըϣɽҡңܱһ飬ӡš
Ͻҧ
ƣ㻹ܣɣϷȽ޾
ĴȥɣҵѪû
ϷԸѪɸɾ
ׯһŲ£
ȻǺ¡ը𣬳ѪֹҾ𣿲УҲܾȥҲҪׯĸĪۡ
ţ˫۳ֳѪĿ⡣
ǱɢٹׯܣϵǿŶһ޶ĵ飡
ٶʾţҪԱ
ׯģһ޾ɣƴɱǿŷǷ飬㲻ܽׯܸҲܽըˣΪܹ˵
ԱׯǼЦݣʱŨ𣿳ǴԲ۵ΪܸϷһЩ鷳һԱϷû˿Ӱ졣
ׯܲԱ֪ڳϵģͨһԪˣǵ飻ׯܵĻ£ĽţѾܵظ
˿̣ҪԱ
ͻأһ⣬ظﱬǳܣׯܷӦʱ䣬ֱұһֻ֣ׯɽײȥ
ׯľ⣬֣ˣǰڽһֻθѲׯܸϽǱӵĺϸĺá
Ѫ
գۼ䣬ׯܵӣݺݶ֮Уڲϵƣ㾡٣ɽǰδе𶯣ҡ뵹ȻԶ
ʲôܱᱬ˿µܣѵʲôﲻɣ뵽ׯܵģһӹ˵ĶȻŹ
ׯܻɽııĹ԰ѾЩɵؿֻʣһӵܱ񣬸ղǱ⣬ֻҪٳôǧ֮һϢ϶ԱˣʧƬ֮¡
ŵͬʱҲɱǿڱǰǺ޻֮
棬ӿпҡڲͣɽＤŵ˼㣬ԤɽܾҪˣʱӿһɽһӰ˦߿֮У˲۾һǰ㡣
ʲôͬʱȴûܻش⣬վɽͷҲڻζ˵ע㣬ʮֵľ񡣡
ׯܱƳɽ㣬ʱֺԤ׵ʧˣԤ׳һʧɲǣֵסׯιܱ񣬷ˡꡱѪѳɿ飬ɷĩʧһɺƺƵ

ܱͻĳϣؾΪܱ֮󣬾ȻһССӴܱ˵Ҳֻдָô
СǱһֻСܣһˣһŮֻ½СŮͷںڣëƤ㣬һš
ݣСŮûֻ˳˯֮У
⡭
һαܸСŮסˣһһؾʹȻˣ
ʱܾɽڵˡ
֮ǰʮԲʮɵı飬ڱĹ԰ɽĵӿɺ嫵Ļ֮һݣɽĵ֮УϤ֮УϤоĪ
ûĥȥȫأϽǾСŮս˴ָսȥ󣬳һϧԭˡ
ָװСŮȴ͵رսָԣϲôΪ
ȡСŮ֮󣬳ϽԪУȡһЩԪ嵽˶ڵĽ˶ȻûвսǿֲನأʱǴΣ֮أ˶ƣĳŨŨж
鼱֮£ҲûȥŮбŮֲףֱ˶ڻͬʱҲСӺСļ򣬳ϼԪָзȦȻׯܵҽ֮£繦δɴӿն飬ǻƵġ
ֻϵԪһܴ⣬зײһζ
ڳϻе˶ɺ죬Ǽɽ亮ģƺҲɽڻˣĲʲôⰮ⣬ֻǺܲ˼ƾһĵӡ
˶̧ͷųҧ֧з飬ϷɺæӴָóһ龧Ө͸ˮݸϣһץסϽȡ
ˮɳβУȡٶȣֻܿάסзȦ
䣡䣡䣡
ɽڷйķŭ˶ССӣɽף
Уɵׯܣ˻


711 ¹
߲Ѫ쾡̺ϼ
ϼ֮£ܿܿǧֱƲɽ
գۼ䣬ҷٲ棡
¡ͣϢɢյɽһĴڡ
ɽȴδ䶨
м߷壬վһСӰ
ׯܡ
ʱׯܣɫѾòҰһƬ·鲼ǵѪţΪ⣬ׯڽųɵǱ⣬ׯܱ£Χ޲֮ʱׯŵϢ
ڣǿı⣬ʧˡ
ׯʲôʱ㱯ңǱ
ޱȵԹޣׯܽԹޣȫ˳ϵͷϡ
ׯû˴ʦһ۸ʯСһ㣬ŽźţСϷϷ֪ûϷ
ߺŵͬʱׯ˫ֻţׯÿһλ֣кôı鱻¶һƬյأ
С㲻Ҫս𣿸ϷϷúŰŰ㣡
С

ׯǷŭĽкһƬ֮ʱԱߣĶƣ
Сơĺ֮⣬иˣšʦ
һʱ䣬ơ롰ʦһƬ
ׯѭȥһƬŮУһϮ£Ů飬ţׯ۾һתһ֣һץԪƵӵ壬㲻ܿƵׯܷȥ
Ǽæ㡭ͬʱҪȥסӣŵӣҲ뽫
ǣǵׯֱ̫ˡ
ת˲֮䣬ӾͱׯУׯܶԵ˵ƣƸϷгӱҪģׯܵвȴҧסء
Ϸƣû𣿡
۳ׯܣǼЦ֮ɫׯܼ״ȵһССҲҼЦϷ
һ䣬ׯܵƣ;˿У˵ƾƾеȵȣׯֵܵһǵӾǻҲֻбδǰЦš
ׯɱйߣƾȴԵ˵Ϸɱ㣬ȥʵ̫ˣϷҪǰɱ㡣
˵꣬ׯֺСŮ˾ϷϣϽϷ
ҲŮˡ˵ׯбһƣ˵ΪϷ򲻶ʲôа飿żģŮˣʲô
ӱׯһסˣûֻǸоƣҵЩǡԭ桭
ׯܼģΪԼ¶ˣɵһЦƣٲϷɱŮˣţֿŵĵӣֵŵİ˰ٵӣȫ
СϷ
ŭвڼ
ĳϣׯܵĺǲû㹻֧˶ڵĽλãѼ̫ı飬Ԫ΢ݽߵĳϣ;ٲкüıʯ
ղŻԪָķԪΣһλԨ
ׯܵвļ٣ƴȡˮ
СڿʼÿʮϢϷɱһˣֱɱΪֹׯܴ˾٣ҪϸƳڱƳͬʱҪóϱصóϸоЩ˶óϸоԼأ㲻Ҳд
ȻׯһƬһƬȥȻҵϣ
ϸˣֻּȡˮˮ˵ҩӣݣ֨֨ҧţҧһѪ
ʮšˡһ
ׯ꣬һָָǰƿһŵӵ壬Ȼ
һ
һŵ˶֡
һ

˶Ҳ쳣طŭҲֻǷŭѪһһΣҰԾžϣƤʪˣ͸ʪĹâȥģƣħӡ
ȫ⣬ķŭʼŤţдʣȴڼׯɱ˼ˡ
ֹӡ
ƽһζӣÿһ붼ʹļ尾
ӵʱϼȡԪ̫࣬㹻俪ѹϵıʯѣ
ȭϵԪУѪ
ʱׯںţС㻹𣿿һŵӣˡ
ׯ׼³һʱ䡱һ죡
ֻǰǴϸߵıѣ͵ֱ졣
ţһӰǧм֮УԾ˳
ϻб˶߼վСұ߼СӣȵׯģүүҳˣŹǣ
ׯȣ飬ҲޱȣĸУ˵ŹǣϷҪſǣЦϷ
ׯָâƿϮ˲䣬ŵӣѪ
ׯģҪɱңһǿߣɱСͲ˳Ц𣿡ŭţղԳׯܵүү뼤ŭׯܣׯܳɳʧˣʵûϵׯܱɣԶ
Ὣ˶£ȥׯƴʵûղŴӱ׳ѽոռȡˮĵøɸɾˣ
ֱֱͦҲƴάֵĽ
˳Ц˭֪Ϸȫնɱɾ˭֪ׯܿЦţֵϷԷŹǣŮˡ
ׯܿһ۵ӣЦϷһ
ʲô
ϵĿ⣬˼£ڳԱߵ˶Ҳڼȡˮָʵһ̲̲ѪĿ꣡
˶ŭŭ˼£
ׯ˵ֻҪϷ£Ϸǰ˵һ䡮ˡϷĹǣׯûóԶһۣԿʮ˵һҪΪׯȫûнĳϷݺݵϣ
ˡ
ϳ꣬һ˫֣մѪ˳ɱɱħϵȷѪŮˣĵߣ˿֮ģֻԥؽնɱִݻ
Ѫ֮ˣ˵ὫŵǵǣƫƫϴʱȴŽΪǣжд
ϹңǣѾˡ
Ĺ԰˶ɹˮףõɱ֮ͬׯܵĽ£ȭ£¡
˴ܲδã𱨣
ׯԶһۣϻԥ㿳֣
ǣׯƫƫġ
¹򣿡
ϵ־죬أֻĸׯܣҪ¹
ׯܻڿЦš
ܵһ𣿡˵


712 һҪ
ܵһ𣿡
˵ׯܿЦѣС֪жҪ¹𣿱ûлᣡ̫ʶôˣ㻹Ը
ǣң
ׯŭ˵ϻ򲻹򣿲ϷɾҪɱˣ˵ţׯָּһââ壬һŵѪ¡
˶ӡãŻŵÿһλӣۿųϣȥҪҪǸ׳ж¹ϥǹǣҪұ֮У
ŵӶԳȻǺ˽⣬ǣ֮½֪ǰȻһ֮Ǹ߸ϵ𣬱ƵǱƵö˱ֶΣ
жҪ¹Ǳɱʹࣿ
ԣŵӵ񣬺ܸӣţǣȴûһ˿ȥϣ
˶ϵ飬ĺڣϽˮóɽΪһжΪƵ㲻ΣգҲȻᴦ㾳أҪЮ¹ŵӣҲ˴٣
˼֮¶ִţ飬ƣ㲻¹Բ¹򣡡͸նζôһСˣһ㻹Ƿõһ㲻¹򣡡
ϴסŴα˦ʱùɽ죬ΪȻó˵һϰյӵ£Ľǵӣ
ׯҲסˣĴϵĴֲһׯȫû뵽ԼȻһССĳȳ⣬ʱŭǳȵƲҪ
ʲô˵ģˣȻΪұ𣡡ں˵ׯһ㶣켴ָųϣЦ˵Ϊ㱨ѾѱǱ֮ˣôΪ㱨˻ᱨ𣿹
ʱ֮ȴǼЦ˵ΪɱЦ˵仰ʱ뵽踮ʱϱȴǿĳ뵽ǶһһضȴΪʤĳ뵽Ϲʮ֮ȴɱ۵ĳӵţӣô裿ȥ˵У
Ϸɱׯ㶣űǧ˿ʹʹĳϣҲסˣԼ֪һ˲仹ܻܲȴôһĪʡ
ׯܷ֮۾һתЦŮޣĺ⣬ǲ뼤ŭϷһٽƸɱˣͲ¹ˣ
ӵݸׯһ׳աȴʲôҲû˵
ׯΪУЦŮޣϷ㣬ûţϷһҪ¹֮ϷҪǰܵ裬ٱ
ˣ裡
㡪
ׯǰСӣСˣŭյָȥһصĽâʮ֮󣬲ʧʮˣȥ
ϵӣסزŭĲʹĲ
С¹𣿡
϶ׯܣǺڣûڱⱬ˲䣬ץס֮һĻᣬׯܸץסԱ飬ͬھ
˶۰ˣȴǺƣ㡭ߣҪǣ˶ⷬ˺ô󾢣ܼѵ˵ߣǵãǵΪǱ𣡡
񣬿˶
˶ȴ͵һ£ӵվٲ֮ǰڳϻеĽС̬֮۱˪˵ĵӣһڵ¹򣡷ڵ£᲻ðģ
Ӣ֮׳֮飬˶Ȼ˶Űٵĵӣһ۰֮󣬼㸡ϣǰ߳˵Ҳǿǣ˭Ҫ˳ŵģ뿪ǶϺ󣡡
پŵҲסˡ
һʱ䣬ȫžֻׯܵĿЦ̶ޱȣûϷ˭Ҳ뿪
ǰһվ˶˵ʦ㣬Զҵʦ㣬ǻţȥ
˶ʹһ¡
һۣ˵ʦ㽫ǽι˲ҰޣʦʲôǾʲô
ҵһŮҪңûмңʦңһңһӣˮվ
һΪʦΪʦ
žǵļң
ŵˣŵĻ꣡

һһһ䣬ģ飬ȻľȻ
Űٵӣȫվ˶ûһҪ˳ţûһҪ뿪ȫһȻбѳʣǧŭֱָׯܡ
˶תһϤףоʹԸӣ˵ʲô֪ζʲôζôôɵôɵɵӣȥɡ
ʦԸͬ
ͬ
ͬ

ӿһУȻˣҲǱȥׯûֹΪһƬ֮ڵľԶ˵ûκ壬˰ʮףͬЧ
󣬵վһ˵һȻҲŵĵӣԸǣͬ
˶Ứ˶ûвȥҲûԪ֮ɱˮţ켴һ
ʦ𣡡
һ֮˶תɭųŵнˣɱ
ɱ
һӦȣŰŵӣӲ֪վںδҸ󷨣ӽȥ
һĻһĻһеһУȫؿ絶ʹƱǧҧ۾һƬʪţ߳жվһȺŮ˱Ůң¹ֻҵ⣬ҹֻʧϣ˶ѣܻܼϦҲܱϣȥˣʲô塭
ʱ˿̣ǹҪǿеµĸоδйǿңȰ׼Ҵ屻ʱҪŨǧ򱶣ÿһپʱҪŨ򱶡
ǿϾͿԲ¹򣬲ŵͿֱӽׯɱܹػˣҪػˣһбãɽɽ˻ЩˣЦɽá
ȻʵȴǣڵӼֱֱͦȫǿǲ־֧֣
ôһȺŮˣдȹŮˣǵѪάҵϣôܣҲܣ
ܣܣܣ
ŵʱ˶ѾŽŰٵӣеӣׯܳɱȥУɱڡ
ڳɱҲڸһȥ㽫
ƣߣһҪţƴǾŰٸΪǱ𣬱𣡡ھλõ˶ҲЦ˵Ƹ磬ǵҪΪǱŶҪûлǾŻ㣡
ÿɰޱȣȴˣûлȥΣ
ҲǺȵƣ㻹ǷһˣҪ˵֮󣬵ӳһЦЦݾǧɸߵͱϵһСţ
ΪǱ𣡡
ΪǱ𣡡
ΪǱ𣡡

һƬУˣ
ˮУЦݣ


713 ܲģ
˭˵жѪ᣿
˭˵ж᲻ᵯ
ܲ
־ʹ࣬ĿԼƴػĶҪԼָȥܲ
ϲѪѪһεƴɱûѪǧѪξʱҲдڣ
Դ˾һʻΪҪڳţ㣻ϵᣬҲᵯӿ糱Ѫ
Զׯŵĵǣסˣһʱ䣬ԼСĸоת֮䣬ׯȴֿЦƣ㻹¹𣿡
ϽֱӺӣ˲ӣ˵˵ϣڵߣһʹϣҲϵúʹ࣬ȫļ⡢ϸݸϵֻ֣ʹ࣡
ׯܼϲŭץᣬųϵ־СԭôһˣһֻҶŮ˱ˣųˣûֵˣЦţ֮𣿡
ȻûׯܣŽŲǰͷϵѪѾŴŵ˳ȻԼļǣΡɽֱֱͦ
˶ŵӣɱȥ
ãããׯһ˵á֣ŭ̬ĿЦŤһ𣬴СȻ㲻¹Ϸͳȫˣֻϧϧò绨ļǣͽСذСպģᰲ𣿡
ͷòҪɱǣµȴҪͷϣǿɱЦӴ
ֻҪСϷ¹ϷͲɱˣⲻ˭
ׯܵĻ䣬ŵӣͷ׷ɣ
޳ܣ


ׯŭȣָСٲ¹ϷҪɱˡ
ʱѾŽŲϵŵĵǰǸ·ϣ϶һξ룬ľ˳еѪӣûһ䡣
ƣҪʲô߰˶ȡ
߰
ŵһ𺰵ļ֮⣬Ա
ׯܼ϶¹򣬱ûмų֣бƵóѵЦݣ
ŵӻȰ˵뿪˵ԸԼҲׯ˵ĸԸԹ޻ڡ
ֹ֣ǼȰ˵ȥỨϣųЦݣͬ÷Ϻᶬһ
˶һ֣ŵˣӿųϵˮմˡ
ЦɵֲǷҵģкһЩˣǵһμңһμңҪҶ͵ɵеˣңȹҵҲֹһΡ
˵Ŀ˶ӵɨ˵Ǹɵɵ
Ƹ磬Ըɵͬ˵ֵ˭㳤ôģҪǳѿһ㣬ǿ϶ôɵ
⻰ŵӶЦ
ҲЦˣЦţӣŵӾϹ˵ллллǣʶǣƵĽңϣһһǣ˶ӵ˵ӿ𲻺õĸо
ֱӺ󣬳ֵҪţҪúûţҪƴţҪøһ㣬Ҫÿһ㣬ҪҸһ㣡Ҷ࿴ǧ磬½ж󡭡
ƣҪʲô˶æ
ֱӺȵ㲻¹򣡡
ϳһЦˣ޾Ҳӻǣһƽ
ƣ
Ƹ磡

ׯܿǰĻ棬ЩͷˣȵСҪ͹򣬲ϷýղҪƴҲҪŮˣһһɱǰ
˵ţâ֮⣬һδ
С򣬻ǲ򣿡
һ𣬽бƣȫ˳ը֣ҡ򣡡
˵֣ׯܸоԼȫëףͻ̩ޱȣԾУϥ˵ǾͿϷ£
ƣ㲻һڵ¹򣡡
Ƹ磬㲻Ҫǲģ
ƣ˴ӦҵĻ˵ֻҪ˵һģ㲻ʳԣ

תӣ˵Ըϣ
ǲҪ
Թڣ
նĻ£̧ͷׯܣ۾⣬ׯģϣ˵㻰¹֮󣬷ȥ
ׯûлشֻ˵£˵
ҪʳԣҪǲߣ׹޾Ҳ޾ɱȡϵĻɱȻ
ׯܸоϵ־̾һ־ǿ£֮һ֣㣬ǿϷҪɱҲ׵úܡ켴˵Ϸ˵ȻһԾŶ˵ǻţǻţ
ƣҪŹǵģ˱ӵо£ԣضɱǡ˶˵
ׯܳԶ˳ϣɨһ˶ˣϷȻǻţֻǰյĻţػţ
˵ʵڻ治ׯܵĻûа취ֻһģңҲҪʱϸѪҺƳһԱԾһοգׯץס
̶Ա
ΪǶϺ
СĥˣϷ£
ׯܣȵׯģҲ¹¹ҵ¹ԸΪȥ¹򣡡
ϻ࣬ϽҪͷ׼Ϸ򣡡
Ϊҹ£ҵ־ͻᱻѹ𣿲ģֻҵ־ǿ
򣡡
ׯ⻰ܲһֱ˰·ʹĸо
ȻϾ¹ˣǣֻĸʦϥǹǣôҲӿģĿɬĿ㣬ҧѪҷģܻȥҾҪٱҪЮ¹򣡡
ҷģ֮ܲ裬ǧ㣬ҪҵĽ£Ҫ½ÿһ䣡
ҷģܲҪΪǿĴڣ
ԣ֮䣬ÿһ˵¡죬ׯܸо˳ɢɭɭ⣬ȵСԣʵֵģΪ죬һܾ
꣬ׯϷ¹ϷϢʱ䣬û¹Ǿͻȫȥ

ׯģܲһģ

ܲģȻţϥȴȥˣ˫ȥÿһ֣ڷźźŲҪźҪǿ
˶ӵȽŰӣǴδӰȥ˫ȣˣԽԽˣҲԼͬһź
Ҫ
Ҫ򣡡
źţǵ۾ˣˮٲ㣬ֱк

ׯܵĿЦ
ܲģ
ǳϵźһУĶʵ̫̫ˣ
һ㣬ٿһ㣬ٸϷܵ𣡡
ԸҪóѣׯܵģޱȽ
ߡߴ硢硢һ硭
ڳϥҪؽӴһ˲䣡
䡱һ
֮Уºƺ磡


714 Ϊʲôһ
衪ž
衪ž
衪ž
ŭ𣬴ػ֣̿ɫߣ
ǰͻأ˺Ļƿնգ˲ͱ磬һһɫ磬ڿų£Цѵׯϡ
̡
ʱׯܵϣ̣ƤѪսͱɫ߸
ׯȫˣŽôһ֣ҪȫµƣԺʱϵŭ𣬡ܲģܲģܲġ
ԺѣׯУӿ޿ֻţܲΪʲôܲһ򣿡ׯѾġϷ򡱣ˡҡ
ȻׯҲûԴУȻ£Ϊ磬ƴɱ
˶͵ӵˣȫˣŵؿǰĻ棬磬˭רׯܣǵͣţ磬硭
ŵͬʱŰˣŰ˫۾ȫˢˢؿųϣǸѾվӰӿ޵ľ壬ϵӰͬһߴ
òţƸ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȻϣȦȦΣܶҳǵˣ治һ㣡
˶һеˣο

ۿϥǾҪǵĳϣҲǾסˣ˵ׯܲ𣬿ȫûϵôӣֱ硣
ڶǵѪ£º˵ûһ¶ǰǧһ磬棬ʵЩΣ
벻ΣϽֱͦΣֵ磬ǱѵׯܣЦׯģ㲻Ҫ˳죬ǳ콵ͷ㣬㾹Ȼҷأ񼫰
ۡ
⻰ׯŭģѪӿֱ³һѪ߶磬߲ĵغΪʲôΪʲô죬һֱĤݣά֮Ϊ㲻ңҪǸߣΪʲô벻ף벻ס
ׯô㣬ô𣬶ӲֵֻǼ᲻ɴݵķȦǰȫһЦֻһ磬ͽ÷飡
Ц֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôׯŭųϣŭһ˿־壬˭¶ﶼᰲ
Ϊ㲻˳죬ֻ֮壬չˣķͷȻŹ㣬Ҫͷˣ
ܣһ죬ðΪάɱ㣬֮Уׯ״񣬱ȥųֻʣµĳҲ֮Уɣɡ
˵ܲģ
˵ٲׯܣ۾ֱֱһХѪųֱճȥ磡
ơ
˶ȳһ壬ֱŵӣٴμʯ׳ϵʲôׯܸǺͿˣܿ綼ܲƾȻӭ磬ⲻ
ֻеӣЩ׳ҪʲôԺŵǳڶǣĻ棬в𣬡ˡ
˵ôӲŨŨģ飡
ǵģòϾҪ磬ׯȻ򣬿ûҲܽеϣ罫ׯϡ
Ȼׯûбǽƴɱô죿
ֻܿԼ
ԣϲѾǳתӣ嵽ȥЩ磬Ϊã
衪ž
һִ£Ϻȥݺݳ˳ϣӵʱһ˺ۣסʹƴ
ͬʱϻų
ׯֱܿӭ磬𾪵ͬʱҲţҾͲţ㣬죬㣬Ҫˣɣ
֮ǿ񣬺ڳϵӣͽܹĴǵʮȻܽ߷ɼҲ㱻ɽľ̿Ͻǵڣһӿϣסƴϣ
Ҳ类Ͻȥ֮ش϶һһӿϣҲȫס
ƴҪ̵ΪĿǰΨһ뵽ĹֶΣԣƴˣϷˣֱӽڵѪ
һһεѪǾѪ磡
ѪϮϣһ£ͻȻ𾪵飬סһϼ״ûж룬ǳô˻ᣬӿϣϡ
Ͻ뵽ģܹģȫȥϢ֮ǵ磬ڱˣ
ڳһ˲䣬ʮأϴľľǾ׻ƴһŮӿз
ʱɵڿУ磬ôᷢԻľô¶ҳ˻ɣ֮ǰסӣ˼⣬ûмȥΪҪ飬Ƿ⣬֮
ڶȥ˵һ磬ڶ磬΢Ƚˡ
ǵĵ
ܼ紦ȥ
ׯܿų֮УûԽԽڣ·˵һζ󲹵ҩһׯӿʮֲĸоͬʱ޴ʣ蹣ΪʲôΪʲôҪʲô
ŵӣΪףǸӰսĻ棬ֱʯ״̬˱״̬ıݺݵˣ
ʮ֮УѾˮˣһϣ̽֮ܡ
֮粻£ƺƲ񷣬ָֻԭģϽǵתӣׯܣЦˡ
ϵЦȴЦׯëȻ
ΪʲôûΪʲôûׯֿ˿̵ֻһɹףȴƽ˵һûôأ
ׯ۾Թ֮⣬ǰδеŨ֮ǰˣҪŨǧ˺СΪƾڣͲϷ㣬ΣϷ򲻽Ҫɱ㣬Ҫ¹򣡡
ڤ粻飬ԣ
ׯӰһ¾⽣ɣ˲ӭ߰ɳնϡ
ʱ

һ衪ž


715 
һʽ¾⽣նϣ
֣ն£һִ磬ڡ¾⽣ϣ
Ȼǿ
ֱӽ¾⽣顣
Ҫׯܣһɵסˣָоͺһֻɽͻ׷ɱϷˣһֻҪԵ֮ʱȴ֣򣬶͵ʨӣ
ܹµʨ
磬ôʹȨׯܿǧȷɢţ²ⲻĿģȻû뵽ƾȻܹʩ
ׯ𾪵ǣʩų磬֮ȻĹ֮󣬽͵һɣΪûнȻǳ𣬼һɹҲǺƴޱȣǣȴƵһȫɢ
ׯܿųϣأ۾ķŭȻѹ侲˼Ŀ⣬֮ǰƿʱûʩչ˿磬˵Ǹղģղô磬ƾ˶٣ȫ𣿡
뵽ЩׯͻؾãܻЩˡ
ȴЦ˵ׯģ㲻Ϊʹ֮㻹ңⷬЦ˵͸ŵζȴǾˡ
ׯɫ粻䣬ոѹȥŭһӾͷұǰ͸ƣ㾹ȡﵱ
Ϊʲôúúõģ
˵ģҲׯޱƵĵطׯ˼תļƣѾչʾ̫Ĳͬ綼˵Ϊã
ׯܺݺݺȵСΪʩ磬Ϸκ㲻Ϸ˵ɣ
£ׯȡһöɢŹĵҩ£ϼ״ԥһһ£ׯӲס磬Ѫ࣬˵ҩʵȴڼٵػָţնġ¾⽣ҲԽԽ
ϷǱ֮أƣʵǵһˣϷûׯҧгݵ˵ϲᣬһʩչ磬һʮ磬ţȥɲУܹˣѪˣȴǲܸһֱңҵþ֮ʱΪ𣬿϶дɱУûó
ͬʱҲûȥＥׯģ춼ңΪ𣿡
ׯܵʵ˲ָֻʮɣˣԾʮɣֱΪҲԽԽʢԸоƱ仯оףղ̵ʲôҩЧ
ϲٳɣ۳ʮ磬һ£ׯֱ󷭣ׯŭЦƣȻǺ콵̫Զ磬ֱܽǴԲۣҲĶ֣ǣϷ򣡶Ϸôľ㣡
ԣϬׯܵΪһ߽£һ߽ԪڤټҿΪ٣Ҿ٣
ׯһյֵס磬ԪڤپͲϣʱׯܱоԼΪȥׯ𣬸ϽԪڤٱѣϼ־ƶԽԽӾ͵֮أո˵˲磬ǣҲһαݲУУתΪԪҲӰ쵽ʩչԪڤ١
ùӹȻׯܱԪڤ٣ɱȥâȴǲˣϷȥǾ͵£ׯα˼裬֮󣬷ȥ¾⽣ơɱָȵȣһԶɱȥ
ٴչׯȻԡɱƴƵϷǰʩܣϷͲţҲͷų磡
䣬ׯܵʹ衪žһ죬ֱׯܸõʱסׯȵܣôҲͷ磿
ûʲôܵģ˵ţʩչߡһȭׯȥ֣ٸһصĴ˵
ŵĳϣͻطԼΧȫˣұм˶͵ӶʧȻׯʩչʲôؼ
ǡʱһֻ㣬ȴֶ㲻ˣ
ţݺ£


716 ѪȾ
ׯ˳һţӵɳڵϡ
ڵϺ󣬳ϵһʱĵĲʹ⣬æܿȥһǰģȫһұм˶͵ӵһ³ǰ
תͷŲԶׯܣʵղʲô
ׯһЦʵ˵ƣϷ˵ҲȲ
վʩչ磬ֻׯһͳ壬ԼĻٱ䣬ǻصɣܶһòõؿռ
һű߳Ļָԭ
ׯٴιɱƣ㲻ǺսȻҽϷѪϷҪ㣡
ŵ֮ǰЮ׷ɱׯܣһ𾪲ѣͬʱ˷ܲѣﶼׯһвΪûʲôˣת֮䣬ǱѵׯܣȻڷ֪ʲôֶΣޱȳݾǸˣߵڵء
ӻңԲߡ
˶ĿУ͸㣬Ҫ
ׯһŽһŵ߳ϣǼʽҪϸ·ֻйͷ֮ޣׯܲ߳ʲôֶΣϸǸռ䣬ȴһЩǸƺ롮Щƣֱֻʲôǣѵֶ𣿡
˵һ㣬ȴǺް취棬ҲܵӰ죬粻νǿֻԳڵʵʩչҵʵٸ߳һ磬ܸıǰľơ
֮⣬һֱһص磬붫ǵ磬Щһ
Щ뷨ֻڵʯ֮䣬ô̶̵ʱѾׯţ
ƣôһ㱾վôվˣׯĵΣÿһ߳ȥҪóϺôһѪǰ߹ǣʼ
ϵȷ취û뵽
˼ڤŵĵӣҲ벻ܰϵæһССǰҲǽŻûߵѾҪô죿źã
ͻأżеĵ뵽˼ֹеһĻһ衱óϵľõ˴뵽ϸϲɫȻõҺͬһŴþõǣСûл᣻ңΨһģܰﵽġ
ĵӣżȻõ衱ĺ֮󣬿֮£ġ衱ִ¾֮󣬵ӸûΪԼΣ룬һԾ˿Уһȣƣҡ
³һѪ̧ͷվλãֻѾڿУ裬㵸߲֮ʺ裬ƾɽˮ֮䳩Ρ
һף˲ڵӵġ衱֮УŵȻȫΪŮӣȴҲǿΪȫһܡ
ֻ˶һֽĿڲͣ˵ĳϡ
ׯѭȥ衱Ҳһ˲룬һϢ֮䣬عϾǳׯܿŵӣﰵŮӣֻǳѣȻϷһϢ롭
һϢʱ䣬Ȼ١
ڸƴɱ֮УһϢʱ䣬㹻ׯǧٴˡ
ǵϷͬ״̬ϷǸ޻֮ˣƵŮˣǲ򵥣ׯţִ˵ӵ⣬ԵӺȵһڣ㲻
ӻδţֻǳ֮С
Ϸ㿼ǵʱ䣬ɱ֮ǰûдӦϷǵԲׯûնΪõӸɲΣΨһܶΣģڵأŰɱţ޻֮
ϣڵӳ໽ʱ׵Ӵʲô⣬ӿĸж˵Ƿ֪ײܲ׶ʰҼ㾫õ˴ׯܵǹֶΣҲһá
õͣ£ȴô˵ڣΪģ裬飻ˣ϶ۿţƮƮ
ңȫȻˡ衱ĺ漸㣬ûȫᣬȻܲ˵ȥѪǣС
ƣûܾģҲȲ㡣
ׯܸһˮţȥ
ϲ׽˵ǵѪ˼ǧԼе񣬶У𣬡ҲܹԲܣ


717 Ѫ
һӹȥˡ
ʱȥˡ
ӻš
衱ĵԪҲ൱֮󣬰ʱ裬ѾõӵԪӽڿݽߣҲǵѪѾʡ
ҲԽԽͬˮۣԲע⣬ۻĽ֣
ĴǧѣΣգ
ɵӣѣѪȾѡ
һߣĳУׯܵ裬ߴ򣬾ʹȫ֮ˣֻһһ⿴ѣҪӵͬʱҲһ߻ᣬһƴ
ȻȻ˵ܴܴģңҲûƽׯǸռķԽ
Ȼͬһǿ㻻һϷͬ׵ĳϷߣҲòû뵽㾹ȻְܼʱסϷüٽߡ
ׯֵ̾ǿҲиޣһţļޣ
ʱߴŰɱׯеǿԹǿƺûˣΨһˬǣûʹûнкߴҲ׷ʹ˺ֶΣסׯ׼ôɲó
飡
죬˶ԶĵطǴ澶ֱһӶѪܣһѪȾĻ棬īȾ
˿̵ĳϣ߹ǾϣͷҲׯߵѣӣһź˿ľأ·ֻм֮
ׯվڳǰʮ״ȵƣڵˣ
仰ׯܲè׽ϷҪˣ仰ŵĵӣҲӳھѳĲѡ
Ҳǻһ飬켴衱ø죬ֳһ棬ͬʱӲѪѪˡ
˶üͷʱѼɽ˲֮üȴչֻ͸ż㣬һִηζ
ϣȴûкŵǰ㾪ѹ·ûׯܵĻһ㣬ֻǽӿóԣ衭
ͬģҲѪ
ׯܼϵģһθоԼˣŭҪȣȴһҪ£ʵСǰܱõʲôϽ
ӣûᡣ
㲻˵𣿡ׯ䣬˵Ϸնɱ֮һУ㶼ϷģǼϷȻܹҳ
ϻ֮С
ׯתͷʵӣȻԸһ𣿡
֮£ׯܻûеõش
еģֻǵӵѪɽ
Ƭ֮ׯЦãܺãҪһ𵽵ԲˣȻˣϷһȫǣ
һ仰£ׯϵɱѾŨ˼㣬ɱŵЩӣɫ԰ףڵأģǴѪŻԹȥ
Ҳʮֻ˶վǰ棬Ͼ룬̫Զ
ׯ̧ҽţڱĹ԰ǰ㣬Ц˵ƣǰܱ㵲һǣڣ㻹ҳһܱΪ㵲𣿡
˿̵ĳϣȻҲǰǿܱΪ֮൲Ѿ֮Ȼܱ߷ʲôֻѣֻѵļˡ
ҲȥɣׯȣȥһۣҲûʩչֻҽż䡣
˲䣬Ϯ

һҽУѪڿС

ׯܿЦɱһʵСϣׯܴô˷ܸУǣƴɱ֮У̫̫⣬̫̫𾪣ȵȵȵȣˣ衣
ʱ˿̣ñׯܲŸоޱȵ˷ܡ
˷֮УׯȴЩԾ
ׯܵͷȥ󾪣
ԭģƣһų˿ò׵Ůӣ˶ŵˣ
һҽУҲ˶
ҽУѵĵӣӿе䣬ݺڵϣֻ󼸷ѣ۾ǰˣþȫľǧа㣬ŽͷȥǱߡ
ҲоѣЩɵؿŵǰѪӼȳ⽴˶ͫɢ
˲֮󣬳ϷХ˵Ұޣ
𡪡
Хޱȡ
ŵҲǿ־˺ţʦ𣡡
ʦ㣡
ʦ𣡡

ֻǣЩȫڳϺ֮£ϺţֱһҪ˺ķѿδйʹˮϮѪҪʹǧ򱶵ʹ
Ʒһ㣬ӵľһ㣬˶ӿȥ


718 Ϊţ
Ϸ˶ڣӿԺ˶һĻһĻ
ǽ棬һϹΣѣ˵ǺΪ˵£˶ŵӣ־ڴΪˣ㶪С
һμ棬ǵڶΣ˶Ϊ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôɵôɵڿţ
ˮٴδӳۿסеʹǧɵٲײѣһݲֹ
ʹϽǬתȫתתľأҲסʹ
ڳϲע֮£˶תɫ԰׵ˣϿ˶΢۾ѿڶʦ
ʦ
ǵģħӵѡ񣬲˶ڳ˶ʦİʦƾ˶ľòѰӣֻҪ˵һֻ¼ſҪŸǣ˶ȴһգʦ
Լħӵͽܣ˶ȻΪԼɽΪԼɥԼʵҲǶħʦһְְ
˲ϧһ
ԣϻ˳
˶ʦ֣԰׵ϣȻ˴δйЦݣЦԽɽЦõϵɡ֦̬
˶ԺʱħһĻ棬Цۡ
ֹˮ˶ϣ˶˵ӣޡ˶Ϊϵһ˾ΪׯǰͬöûУеģһԣׯܲһʱ˶еǱ嵽˳ϵǰΪһܱ񡱣
ʦ
ˡûʲô㲻ܡ㻹СԸûСɡ
ʦ
ӣҡСһ£
ʦ˵ʦ˵š
˶ѵתͷǽŰٵӣ˵ҡչˡǣǡҸġš
ʦҴӦ㣬ҴӦ㣬һչ˺ǵġϼ˵ûȥܹܲׯһ٣ֻҪ˶Ը
ãеŵӣΧڳߣÿ˵ƤȫĨˮ޾رˣţʦ𡭡
ׯ֪ܲǲǱ˶ΪסˣʱȻûдţֻۿǰһУ
˶ٴοһϤףɫȻ˵Ӵ˿ƣŵţǵˣ
һ䣬˶ûͣ٣һ˵˵꣬˶˳ĸоϸϽӿ룻ŵȴסˣŴôãյӣȫŮӣţҲȫŮӣһӣɽ죬˶ȴóӣŵţ
Ҳסˣ
˶ŵǵķӦļ˼£ȳѪ˼״ǵɫҪ˵ʲôȴ˶ȣμţ
еŵӣȫ˶ųϣ˶ֿȳѪһˣϽ˺ߵڵأμţ
ʱûϲãеֻǣŨŨģˣ
˶ϴŵİָȡ£ݸϣϿ˶˶Ȱ˵ӣֻǿˡ
⻰ϵˮٴӿ糱
ʮ꣬նɱ߽ۣܽɱѪˣǬڣΪţΪţɡ
һУǾԵķޣǰ;ʷϾ޽еţ˭˶٣ЩԳ˵ٹ⣬װҫʱΣжΣǳŵĳŵ
ΪǳŵΪΣϲ˷һʱ䣬иһϢͣƴǲٻصಫٻصٻصʹԡ
˵ߣҪ£
ǣϱϾֻʮ꣬ˣʮ껹ʲôȨƵģڼı£ޱȰȫţҩṩ似˴ڣȨƵģذſۡ
Щ࣬ϵȣ
Щ࣬ϴû˵ֻ䵱һͬ˿̣˶ȴǶ˳Ǽϣʲô
ʦ
ϽӹŰָˮȥǰδеׯء£ŰָϺںں˵ʦģֻҪһû˭Ҳ˺ŵӣߣұҪǧ
˶ظһиһԸһԸɫΣϼ״ʵʦʲôԸһ
˼£˶˵ӣܲܡɡҡϡһơ


719 ô

˶ƣһֱǡ
Ȼסָ˭˿̣Ԫݽǿǿߵļٽź֮£ҲǴΣ֮״һţȻ˶ֵ˴󲿷ֵܣȴвܣ͸˶Ϯӡ
ʱ̣Ҫʩչаٱ䡷Ĵۣʵ
Ȼܴܴ󣬿˶Ϊ˾ȳϣѾԼܲӦ˶Ҫ˶źȥ
ûаԥһҧѪУҧҧѪۡ
ڣϻóˡħӡݣ˫顣
ҡˡ˶Ӹȴƴ˳ȥȥħӡӣﻹڵ˵ţ㡭ǡҡ𡭡
˶ָմħӡݵһɲǣֱֻۣͻʧȥеôֱȥڵϣҳһƬ˶۾ȴôʲôǣȴдЦݣΪܹЦ
ʦ㡭
ʦ𡭡
һʱ䣬
ϼ״ƴ˶ӿ룬ϧ޼£Ȼ˶ڵȫ˶ӣԾԽԽ䡭
˫Ѫޱȣǲģɴʱ죡
һᣬ˶ϡ
֮󣬳һ¡
ʦһչ˺ǵģ˺һʦԸƴ˵ţ֣˶˫ϡ
Ҷɡ
лţŰŵվǰ
Ͻ˶ʬ彻ûסվŵӵǰ棬Զˤڵصĵӣ˶д𶯣ӣ·ͻȻһ͵Ծ˿УѪɽ衭
ƣһרΪ裡
ӵĴижޱȣ˫ӣԶǳֻĿˣһҡһãȫԺ
ѣǵ裡
һƬž֮УׯܵĿЦ𣬡ƣȻˣˣܵһˣ
ûȥᣬѣһľأ
ƣ˶ΪĸоΰׯܴųϵʹҪ־ݻ٣⣬һҵĳ鴤ׯܵȷֱʹ
ϧׯܵĿģûдɣ
ʹȴûдľȴ̵˽ȥһԡĸоȻԽ׳ˣ˼ά
ׯ֪ܲǿ۵ӣЦСǰ˵ˣҪǧϷͽŮˣɱǰϷΣ
ң
۾ű֮ׯܣԺȻǵѵһĻһĻ
ЦϷΪβң
ׯ˵ţһָָӣӵʱҶӿƮ䣬Ϸˣӿ񱼶ȥׯЦȲģСģġ
صׯһָâϮӣϺȥׯ˵סġ䣬ǵâ㴩ӵλá
ͷѣĿը˺ѷΣ˶ѾΪˣõΪԭԼԶԭԼ
ׯģҪɱɱң㲻ɱɱɱҰ
ǣӣһξ룬ҲʩչǽâȻϮׯܵĿЦ̶ޱȣﻹţȻɱ㣬㲻ţܿˣϷͲţˣ־
ͻأׯܵЦȻֹ
ׯܸо˲ԾһɱǿƣƬؼ䣬ҪȡǵâҲͣڵӵĵﴦֺá
˭ׯɫ䣬ҲоǹѹǣдһͬʱҲ룬µӵ˻˭˲䣬ϱ뵽ӵĹž룬᲻йأ
ȡϷŮôӣ

ׯͬʱһף뵽˾Ȼǵӵĵׯ뵽ȴһǿУƲˣׯܵͷδ£һƣгֱ֣ׯܡ
ׯܼ֣
ȻһׯеķΪǸƣݺݵشׯܵϡ
žһø


720 
һׯֱܾڵﻮ߰˰ԶѺۣׯϣ˺۸ۣԪҲǲ˳¼ѪݸǱ䡭
˲ҿׯܴû
ׯǿߣǱ֮еĶڣؼ䣬Ե棬Ҫ˭˭ͱĴڣ
ȻɱһΪСӣȴŲ֣ܵ
ˣǱˣѪЩѾׯܸоˣǣһУһʲôҲ㲻ϡ
Ϊ֮ǰЩϾׯܻܰܽɱһƣǰⲻˣ˸ոɢƣǿ̫ˡ
ǿߣ죬ģ
ׯţովһ£ׯȻǵ޿ɵٴαҽǰׯܴɱϣͬնɱϣ˿̣ơ֮£ׯҲоԼһֻϣ֮ǰԳʩչĹֶΣ˵ǰô
žžžžž
죬Ƭء
ӵĵȻǿߣôõŴأңӻֻǳΪȷϵǰȫ֮󣬰еĴʣٴγѣȻӵˣûмѡ
ǣѾڳϵԺͬһ׳㣬þòɢ
ϸоֳصĸоȵȶϴӶȥоӺɣıǿÿһϸϵУһģ뷨
㵽˭ɱϷ򣡡
ׯԼڱϷˣɲôǰƾһһشׯӰûţǺް취
һߣ
ҲϷǰ˵˴󻰣𣬻ΪԼ𣿡ɭϣׯȫʦַȴɫ䡣
Ϸ򲻻ɱ㣡

ׯܴΪףΪԼˣû뵽ǿĴڣǲɱ
Ǹ޸𣺡ƣϷ㣬ҪɱˣͲҪϷŮңҲԲΪһУ
ллǰ
Ϲ֣˵ʵǿҪնɱׯܣҲףׯ˶ĳɽȥĵӣѪҪΪǱ
ӵӣ˿У켴һӰŵԶȥ˲޺ۼ
ϻعͷׯܣ۾һ˿˿飬ĮޱȣǸ뷨ޱȵ
߸ԴѾΣ˸ׯܣûͻȻһлعĿ⣬Ҳ˳ϣȵɱϷ򣿡

ô㾿ʲôʱ񣿡ׯǷŭ˼㣬Ѹղŵ裬ȫ˳ϣǸɱǧŭһϷҪһôɱϷôɱ
ûĴ󺰴Уӿʹתͬʱڵӿ֣ҲγһС
ʱεұʯð˳㼯С
ϵ뷨ܼ򵥣ˮˣγĪܵˮУͬ˵أ
һֱֻˡָʹãûڵһõһĴ뵽˶뵽Ȼ˶Ļ桭
Ǹ뷨Ӧ
ׯҲоı仯۾âһУûã
δţУٱܵϷӿҲ֪УΨһֶˡ
ԪãҲٵÿҲȡׯֻܷ֣ܵƴһˡ
еܣԽԽʢׯܻƣͲܽǣΪ˱ҹζ࣬ׯ׼֣ϺȻնɱ
ڣ˭ܾ㣿
ׯһһųϲȥ
ϼ״ֻ࿿³ѪеУѪΪУڣ
תУ࿿ںһ
ںϵ룬һׯļµܣɢׯɫֱ䣬ԥʩչйֶΣϡ
ڹҪµ˲䣬âХɣ


721 ɱ
ɣ
Ϻ£ַڲѵĺɫţ˲ںһ֮ĸʴ֮û˶ɱӣƺƵϴӣڳܡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫ۵ĳϻ߶硢ɱںϳУׯ
ׯϺǾ仰оɢĪܣвΣ֮УҲһָоˣׯܲΪ⣬ȵϷɱһжûãֻ
£ٴνǸɵĻУ֮ǰϽׯ˵Ļ˸һɱɱǡ
ɻɫڳϣׯܵ컷УɱӴһеڵҲʹϷ͵ΪϷɱߣ
Щ˵ġеơôһ䣬Ժһ֣ĪǣǱ򣬶ɱ򡭡
Щˣǿ߲Ŷеġ򡯰ɣ֮ǡ򡯣ġһյĿռ䣬ֻǲ֪ɱķΧж󣡡棬ûע⵽ġѾ˱仯
ׯܸǲ֪ô̵ʱô࣬Ȼ֮ǰһһųȥʱһ߿ɲǰǷйߡ
Ҫߣ
ׯܵҽϣֳɫźƵİֱߵҪϵĵ߱
ҪʹɢĪܵġɱȥһȴˡı仯仯ܼ෴ܸʴ֮֮֮֯һȴǽ֯һ

ķΧڳϵң
ׯܵҽţߵǰʱͻأ谭粽ѽׯܴ󾪣㾹Ȼڴʱ۳ˡôܣ۲ܾеģֻһʶѣܹγ֮
Ȼˡ
ǰĲ²Ҳ֤ʵȻδȫסγɣȴǴϲͨ߹Ȼ֮ͬӵ֮ʹй֮γɳ¶ͨ߿һ
һ̺壬ȴȫ˵ҲϴĪ
СӣǹŹׯܾԺܻһ뷨ѵǸ˵ģɱϷ򣿡
ͷոճ֣ׯܾͽ𣬳׵һԲ׵ĳϷԲɵġȣƿţϷͻĳȡ
ڵ㣬ٲˣȡˡ
䣬ׯܸղű׺ݴһٶӣϿׯܵʵѾΪ½ٲǰµҩʱǿʢ
Ϸȡˡ
ׯܴţɱܣʱׯܵҽ֮УӿȶҪ˳ϵġ롰ɱ޴ȣϵġͬһֻСС磡
ɱ򡱹Ȼǿ󣬽磬ɱҡڲѣ顣
ϵġȻСȴ;ʮ㣬ܲ䣬ƿֺϵҲػվڵţݱ϶ӵܣʴ֮Բɢ
뵽ﾫǡׯһ£һŹۿҪơгϵӣʹʴܣȵһĽţ
𣬡
ʱׯܾ͸оҽŴ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹٸвϽҽųһׯɫ䣬ҽС²֣ȫûˡ

ׯһҽУҽУŷŭŵ
ţһһ죬Ҹţҵǰ档
ʩչˡߡׯܣׯܵġɱУԭ۷״̬ܹ˲ǧ׵ġߡȴţޱȡ
ϺСһҲã׵ġӦ԰֮򡱣ѻʯɳûзƴǰ
Сɳ̫ˣɱһҪɱ
Уׯжһͨƽ֮ɫһڡɱУƥľӿƵ˷
Ϸɱն
ׯܻ£ն£籼׺Хһ˸߹һˣһնǿһնҾնܵһ𣻳ϵһʱоˡɱնĿֲׯնµնʱѾԭġԪնࡣ
˼תϵ۾¶Ȼ֮ɫ


722 Ҳ
䣡䣡䣡
ɱն֮£ϵġ𶯸ңѾѷڳ֣ףׯնȥȲ˵ھնġͻѵһͿ
Ͼⳡƴɱׯܵġɱҳϵġȷ̫ˣ
״˲¶⣬᲻úײסǣҪողγɵġԱ֪Ժܲγɡ֪ҪǲȫûԱĻˣ͹˵һУΪȥʦ˶
ͬʱϰнһһȻòԱܲƿɱ򡱣ǣҪ׼
ׯܿϿ֧ŲȥˣϲƣҪˣϷɱʱѣɱննȻն£
ׯնµͬһ˲䣬ȣ
䣡
һը죬ɱ򡱱ըһѷ죬Ϻԥأûɱ򡱣ƣɣԶ롰ɱ򡱵ķΧϻˣѪըõľۼϲûֹͣ
ɱһŨϢƵһϣׯܣ˫㣬Ϯׯܡ
úݵСӣ
ׯܡɱնȻͣն£֮նɢңׯĿǣǱնɢȻԶһ
ʲô֮ˣ
ׯܾʮ֣ˡɱնһײϣǺ¡ը죬ը˽Ϯׯϡ
ʱׯܸоӴһ֣ѸãһߣҲը٣
ڱһǿ֮˴ɱУׯһʱƲסɱ򡱣ɱɢȥׯӱըС
Ͽ÷ׯܲҽû˰ֻϻǿӿӵˮδǧľʯһңɫ԰ޱȣҲЩ
ȥĲ
ţԺٻϵɱУҲһûе飬ڡɱ򡱱ƵɲǣۺõĴִ˺Χӵ磬ֱׯܵϡ
Ҳͬʱ
衪ž
ը죬ׯܵӣֱը֮£һֱۣׯܼ䣬ֱڿбһѪׯܵҲ硢ɱγɵ֮£˲䱻ɱ֮һ
ϲҵһһ£ׯǱޱȣзŭ޴йɱŵƶ˳ȴòȡôܽܵ顣
ŭͬʱׯҲųϵĹһǲһ޾ǴЩȡãǲǴӺζģȻܽɽȻ෴ۺһС
ϻʩչ磬ѾڴڴڵѪ֮󣬳Ѿ̼ʶˣʱʩչȻܣеԱʱ򣬾͵Ȼ޴棡
ׯٴγڳǰ˶۶֮ˣĿֱŭһССʣȴŪңȻд󲿷ԭǸǿߣǣǰƣֵʵ̫ޡ
ȴһ̾Ϣ𾳽ǿߣ̫ɱˣţ컻ǸԲۣ϶ͱɱˡ
ׯܵأƮŭ۾Ҳźݹ⣬˵ƣһ޵ţҲٸʮʱ䣬ϷͲĶ֡
Ҫʮ꣬ɱ㣬㹻ˡ
ϧ㲻ᡣׯϣҲڰɷΧ֮ڣׯһһ˵ԱϷҲԱɱ򣡡
۾ﱬ⣬תŵ˵սһš
ţ
ŵˮӿһ֮䣬ףǰƵӣΨһţ˵ţ̶ֻʱ䣬ĽƵš
˵ţҲᵱʦţűҪţҿ
Ҳͬʱ˵
Ҳ
еӣһͬ
ҴӦʦҪչ˺ǣҲׯһͷ뿪֮󣬷ֳһ˳ɣһȥһ˾ͽˣǶҪŴȥ
ϷԸ꣬ŵӿڵĻᣬȻȵߣ
˭Ҳ߲ˣˣȫҪ
ׯܻ䣬ˣֱ嵽ǰֻҪǣǾ͸ߣ


723 
ǣǸߡϼǰ˵ׯ˵ϾͶȻȵ˻ȥ
Ƹ硭
û˵һǵˣǣ˻ȥϵȻ䵽ׯ
ţǡ
˻ȥ
Ͽڶʦʦ㣬һݣû˻ȥׯ˵ׯۿǽ˵ǿԻǱ˭Ҳ赲ˡ
ׯ֣ܶ˽ţ״ŭǧǧ򣬴һ˵ׯܾͲŹˣҪȻȥɨأպߣ㡣
֮⣬Ҫնɱģ
ˣׯܾܾϵҪ
ҪɱǣǾɢȻӢׯûб仯˵·ǲߣƫҪȥҪϷͳȫǡ
ׯܵȷǿǣĳʯһΪǶŹϣŹЩޱȶˡ
ϻվǰ棬ҪǰׯƴҪһȣ˻ȥûͷ˳һֻۣ˻ȥ
סղ˵ģϽߣ
ţ
ߣ
Ȼǳŵǣ˭Ҳûߣȫһ飬Ҫͬͬˣͬ
ׯԽԽ˵Ϸ˵ˣ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
۳ׯܣԱɱ򡯣ҾûпԱģ
ׯһ㶣켴ЦҪԱԪ𣿾ôһϷ򲻳ɣ
ҴûҪס㣬һֱҪģ۾ģȫĿ⣬ɱׯ
ׯ۾гһ죬˵ǸոսӴϣôԻὫ仰Цһׯܻ治ҽϵĻһߣΪ⡣
Ƶ׻ʲôƣֻʣԱԪˣĪԪˣ⣿ׯܲ˸˾ŲʮʲûоʹȥԪ⣬ܻܴɱ򡯣
Ѿ顱׼˻ׯܳȥ˼״ظųǰ壬ϽŲͣȵŵԶԶģжԶԶ
š
һ
£һۣȵˣˣ
˭˳ǵˣҪȥҪԼǰȫ룻ׯҲˣɵ˳ֹסӺȵƿСթϷûôףϷͲţԱϷͬھϷȥɣ
ô˵һ䣬ׯܵȳҪʮʱȵɱ򡭡
ׯҪ³ʱһӰӿն䣬պ˳ׯܵм䣬ϼɲס˫ǡ㣡
ͬʱׯܵĿҲ³ˡ㡱֡
ҡ͸Ųϣѩʦæʵѩأ
ׯҲͬʱʵ㾹Ȼҳ
ׯܿ³֣ɻһ飬ȻͲµѩʦ֣ǣõʵȷϣлӿǧ˼
ѩڰȫĵطųϴȰ˵תͷׯܣׯܼЦҲ湻󣬱Ϊɣûϵ㻹ֻܻǰǸòھµȴ˳ª
һߣٳҲ֫ȫׯܣȴһֻ֣һֻš
㡭
ׯ̵ܱʹֱ߳ŭû£ҪǲĻϷȰ㣬Ͻ뿪ȻϷ򲻿ˡ
Ϊ㲻ɣ
ʦһķϣϷ򡭡
죡Ȼ˵ׯܣȥ棬ɣ

ׯܿЦƾԲΪϷ򶼴򲻹ʦƴʵ˼ǲϷȥ㴫ţҪʦǰԵ

һʽǬԪնׯԡɱ൲˵ˡǬԪնĴ󲿷ܣԱǬԪնն˳󲽡
㲻ҪϷ򣡡
ʱأ˵ΪûߣͬھƶѾ۳ɱ
ׯܳĬˣ֪˵ʵģȴһ֮ģʵĲ


724 ׯܣȥ

һʣǰѾˣׯܵľ֮ɫ֣ＥЦŷʵׯܣΪһˣ𣿡
ׯܲٿǶųϣǲˬɽ֮ʼûȻɱˣصһɽкĿӦһˣ
ߣпܾׯܿɲ
ûеׯܼȥȵ
㡭
⻰ׯһѪӿ³һѪΪߣȻʱȥȳ⣬޲ʵָȥնˡ
ׯֻǳѣ
ׯܽޱԹ޵Ŀ⣬ӳϵһȺɨȣƣǵţһ޾׷ɱɣСϷҪôػסŰŵӣʦֺܿͻˣΪһУصĴۣ
ٲ͸Զ
˵൱Բ۾Ϊȫ˳ׯܸоǹɺݾ֪˵ֻôʮֵĲģԶѭȥһƣһμ棬ڣ
ˣǸɱڸˣһǵʦѾɣӿ޾ˣΧ˶ʬԱߣʹ޲ѡ
ϣûϲãһûɹеֻǷŭķŭ϶ʵ
ӣ˵ͷ
һֱڰиң
ٴε˵ͷϴϹңѾгһΣ
õ𰸵ĳϣͻطҰްǸղʦڰпţ
Ȼס
һݶŮˣ㲻ʦҪʲôɽ̰ķŭ׵׵Ű˳ʦԣɱ㣬㻹Ҫʲô
㻹ûΪԣ㲻ڿ˵Ŀⶢ˶ʬ壬Ҳһ죬ҲᲽĺ󳾣
һ仰ϵķŭȫ˻ȥʱ֮󣬳תʵ澿ʲôΪʲôҪЩ似ΪʲôҪң
һʣȴûлشȴԪָʹ÷֮ڳϣԪָ̺ŵĹԪָļȵȣȫϸϸ˵˳Ҳֻ˵Щģȫ̸ܶ
ִŵʵΪʲô
۳ϣǸϽߣׯܻصһɽһڵ׷ɱܿͻᵽأҸطݷϣһ죬ٳ
˵꣬Ӱһĳһţӵ·ɳڳǰţһԾһʧڳϵǰϿţȴ˻ӦХ֮󣬳ϰ֪ﵽûȥ֮ǰׯܵΪ̽鲻˵ˣ뵽뵽ףǲ֪ڰûɱׯܵأ
ʣڳԺϽЩʰûдŵĵȥߵ˶ʬԱߣӺһһ˫˺Ѫ֣͵
˼״Ҳ
Ȼûȥһ̾Ϣӣһ죬֪еĴ𰸵ģʦң˶ҲǲǣڶʱøǿǱر˶ܻȻҲͬôģһ죬Ϊܱøǿǿ棬ҲԸΪһܱ񣡡
̾ϢǸҴڵˣ˭ʲôʱֶôһ֣
һߣϵڳһɣоųߵĹὫ˶ȥѪ֣˶ᡣ
󣬳ϹĹǰιڳ󣬳ʦһǺúõĻȥƴҲὫׯܵԴᵽǰʦοʦ֮飬ʦĳҲᱨʦģ
ʦ𡭡ŵӿź
ߵͷ֮վߵߣʵţȥӣҲȫĿڳϡ
ȥδӣ
ҲΪҪǴô·Ŀܴһ׷ɱпܹ˼ɲǣҪǰ֮һֲģսʲôεطһѡ񣬿ɳϲôȥҴﵽƺǣҲҪͨóһξ롣
ţǱ·Ϊһ·㡭Ļû˵꣬ͱϸ۱˻ȥ֪ǵ˼ΪһڵߣóϰȻȥֻԺ˵ڲʲ֮أ
˵һһȥ󶨸һ
ȥ죡


725 ߵׯܣ
ȥ죿
Ȼǲ⣬ȴûһ飬ǹӦǡ
켴ϴŽŰ˳뷨ܼ򵥣ĿǰԼӦԲһڣҪѾ費ʣµľֻдԽ
ԽȽϣǴʵԸһңԼڴİ׼Ҵ峤Ҫƫ켸֣ڵʵڴǱȽ׽赽ġ
һߣׯܱܿԽΧȫϻһڣҪڳϻָʵ֮ǰҪһڵ׷ɱϵЩѰ죬ԼˣҪָǰ۷״̬Ҫʱ䣬Щˣ쵤ҩ˳
Ȼׯܻûߵʮ֮һ·̣·һƬʱһȺа˵ǿסȥ·ЩǿׯһģҪû١
ׯŭɶɸŭĻں棬ˣȻһǿʲôΣգǣҲҪķپƽʱûʲôЩΣգһܶĲ㣻ԣׯ˵ǸҰϷ֪Ϸ˭Ϸһڵˣ
ׯܱһڵźЩǿһ㶣ׯΪһڡˣͷû꣬ǿǱһڣһڳ˰ֵǣһڵģ˵ô죿
ˣɱˣ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ

һ䳰Цׯܷˣû뵽ЩǿȫһڷֱƣôˣЩӣʲô
ǿɱĽȻׯܽǿ˸ɸɾǣˣҲһ㡣
ֻһǿǵûʲôɽһׯܾʮǿÿһǿԡһڡмһˣѪһ
ׯܸԻˣ˲֮һ·̣һһǿϵˣ֣ƣ޾ŭȴûͷţǰЩǿǰֻвķݣһߣЩȫȴǻƽȮۡ
ׯܵĵǣ֮ǰƴɱУһǿˣȻֻһǿܣȴЩׯֻԸٶȣظϣ
ׯܿĵطǸӳǿڴһϢǱһһڵˡֻһ仰˹עЩȾƵߣȫӿȥҪеıȫйǸһϡ
ؼլؼң߶ţúõһ壬ôأ棬ΪʲôıҪˡ
ȥʧʷϹңҡҶʼͶԽͶһؼһԹŻֵ棬Ǳǵڵļƻռ˺Ҫһɿսôˣ涼ѶƷչȥҲٵ£Ҫȫˣ
ŵԽļƻԳЧԵģǵҲ¶ڴԽǰһ֮ʲô취һҪ̵ʱڣƳʵڲУһɽȫըˣ
Ӫüͷ壬Խ֮ϹһɽЭ鶼Ҫɣ˾Ȼ£ƴɱ̸켴ֹͣһҵļƻ˭Ҫ㸶ۣĴۣ
ȻԽϹһɽļƻʹ˸ǳǣôʵۡļƻвٽչʵѾô̫ӻʸǰ߸
϶ŵ̧ͷ񷣬۾ﱥ˼֮飬ѩȻһǵĶӣǰģ
˼ŵĳϣʱŵĵӣ·ŽŰٵӣȫŮӣҡ·ϣȻܶ಻Ҫ鷳
һ·ϣ֮ĵŮװһŰ˵Ĵ̶ӣҳϻšСţϱǴƹǶƹ񣬶ǳϵıܣ˲ΪʲôҪȡС֣ҲûнͣȻϲ֪ɽڻ˴ռһʵڵУܻЩ
һˣҲ˲ٵˣǵĽׯܺõ̫ˣȻôЩ죬ϾͽָһɵʵǾŰŵӣɲǳصģ
˼֮󣬳ںһʱڣûǿɳܾãЩԾ
ţһʱ䣬Ǳܴﵽǣǰ˵ϵͷǾѾڴ칥ռΧˣϣһ죬ܹȻȹ
ͬʱׯҲִһɽһɽԽׯ͸оԽԾʲô·㡣
Ҳһ죬ǵĳӭһòƽͨˣ


726 
ƫбգһɽ죡
ƬҰעĿģнŰϼ⣬ɽҰ䣬ʵŸ磬ǻҪ߶ãܵǣ
Ÿ硱ĸ֣ϵĽЦɽͷܵˡ
Ŷ
ˣԺǾͽȥ
ǣŸ硣ƤһЦҲºЦݣܴһ·ƽߵûһڵ׷ɱϻЩңͬʱҲ֣ׯˣ·⣬ӦһڲŶԣΪʲô񣬻ûһϢأ
ǲ֪Ǳصˣæׯܵٶȣһ
꣬ͻȻòԾĿ⿴ɽ
Ҳصǰ˵ţ⣬ɽͷ̫ˣôȻûоһֻһֻҰޡ
˰ɢ˷ޣϵ͸űɱ
˿̣ϵȾŰˣɽͷмλá
ͻأ˻ͣͲǰתͷҪɽ¶ȥ
ƺúޣҶϵԸͬʱɽͷʼţȴɽϣһĺߡ
ߵĳ֣һΪʲôôЩûǿԭһ֮ǰ书һۣ
ǵ߿ٵɽмĳǳսϵǧۣȻЩǿĶ鲻Ǻ룬ǣѡʱȴǷǳãҽɽбȣҲͣǾŵӱȻкܴʧϾŵĵӣĿǰΪֹģˣ֮˽Բ̤նС
ű󣡡
һȣŵӣɽм䲼󣬳ȴȻվǰ棬ǵԽԽϵԽԽǿ
Ȼϵָֻһʵ׼Щǿһ
ϱòǿ֪ʵ֣ҲͲ֪ǽҪԵʲô
ϴƺЩԾҸղںʲôű󣿡Уһһ˲ΪȻ˵ϴûʲôԾһжǧˣǲʲô󣬶ᱻɱ⡣
ϴһվǰ桭
Բǣӿٶȣײ

ȫûнŽŰٵӷϿʼԪһɫĳȾڿУǿϻף
ף
һף
ʱȣڼն
ɱţϱҪԴ˶ն£ʱһɵĽɫâڿգƥĽâƵǰѿ̵
âոձŷ˲âҵɨǵ˺ߣѪҰ֫ϱ۱ڿգһûȫĲҽֿ־壡
С
ǿǿ⻭棬ȫһһʵܺӣô̽鱨ģ˵еĶֻ𣿸ղһ𣿡
һ·٣ȷʵֻǰˣûг֣ô֪ô
һնǽˣٶֻħޣնʮལǾȫûˡ
ˣ˵Щûõģô죿
Ҫ˰ɡˡ
ˣϴɲ˵˾˵ģ֪ж฻ǸһƱ㹻һ겻ˣ˵ŽٸŮˣҪܽǻ׽ϴܲΪȻ˵۾̰Ҳ£ûôҪȻֻնһֱͽǽˣ˵ʲô˵ֻնһûˡ
ϴ˵öԣϻǲèһȥ֪ˡ
ԡ
Ⱥǿһ֮󣬱ߴ£ȥûնĿıǵĳƣֻҪǳƱƵ飬ͺܺ˵ˣǿǵǰ棬ûжǿֻŲѵģȴƽϴ˵ָ»ЩŮˣӷߣΣ
ϴ˵ţ۾˿˿֮⡣
ɱɱһֵģгϵϢûŪ̫죬áаٱ䡷ϢڴԲʾ硣
ϴɫز԰ޱȡ
ǵĺܴ󣬸ҴϷ⣡ɭ䣬תҪӣ˵˭Ҷһ
ڳնڼʱڽŵһˣͻؿâյķ۾ޱȣ߶ǿƣȥʲôˣ


727 ȡ
һ֮£˸Ҷ
ǸǿͷӣȻɫ԰ףԿųϣ۾ﻹŻɣţ˵Ϣ˺ˣҲǸ߽Ϊǿߣһǿߣôô°ڳΣĪǣĪˣòΪ
뵽ڵѪǰδеķΪһ£һн佫ߣΪܾˡһϢʣߺȻ֣նɱǵĴָڵԪˣӴ֮߼֮ڶ̶̵ʱڣͳΪһǿߣ˭Ҳȥǡ
죬ֵ𣿡
ϵĲ԰֮ɫȥֽſʼ˷ܵزȻǰˣһϢôɱһôˣ˵ȫΧȥҲܲʣҪǶĴָԪˣʮʱ䣬ҲܳΪһʣʱ£кδȥõģ
һ˼֮⡢ԣǶƭˡϴȻҴ˵ɻ󡢾ѣתͷƻ˿źǿֻǿиɰˣ϶ˣҪȻڻܻ𣿡
ǿֿϣûʲôеƽʼǱбϵЦţΪ֤ղ˵ĻܿضԳ˵㲻ЦˣЦݣɱˣڴӦǸղ˵Ҳûˣǡ
ͣһ£ϴ˿гﶼţ˵ģҪȻô
Щţ԰ɫҲָЩ֮۵ף˵¹ģ̶ӵˣȫˡ
ǿһ
ǰһȵҪ˵ȥȴ˻ȥֺȵλϴһϣֻҪ֮ʰǵıЩħޡŮˣȫǵˣңҵһݣҿԲҪ

˲⣬ָų˵ֻҪˣǶ֪ģϲĥΪҸߵˡһ˵ǰŰɣֵֶǣΪǵļܹøãΪ֤Ǳ˲Ǻǵģ˭ҪǿһҾ͸һٿƷԪʯ
Ļ䣬£ʱͺ˼Ѫһ̰ѾսʤĿ־壬ԼƻЧּλϴ£Ľѣٻһֵ˭ֻҪǿһҶһٿƷԪʯܽɱҾͽҵƷ似ֻص
һ䶯ϴ˼ҲȻǶԡֻصǿҵȤ˵ҪԪʯģҪŮ˵ģͳǰɱɣ
£ǿϱƽж˿˿ңֻҪһֵˣԺͲóˣתͷϣĿﾡƣе⡣
Ĳ㣬ƫҪ̵֪Ĳ󣬶ȡϵһ䡣
Цôλǰ˵û𣿡Ļǿĵӣִ˼֡
ʱϬĿ⣬罣ֱʱһ飬оʵͼеһУˣоףȴû¶㲻Ծߴ£նȥ
ܵǿϻ֮ʱ̽ȥ͵رһɱϮ˲ͱøɸɾĿ࣬ϵĿ⣬ӿһӾͱ˾塣
֣£ǰǿֱն룬ڵʵȻһɶҲͻаʵǣԸСëȫѴ֮
ǿ״͵һ͡
ڴʱͻشӺ˳ˡһڵأڳǰţǰǰС˴ˣСҲˡ
ϴ󣬼ȻأȫûлعԺ︡ŵģǸղ޼ɵŵĻ桭
˵ҶһˣȻ㶯ˣǾȥɣϻ£Ҫն£ͻؽͷգ鸡һɫװˡ
üͷһƣ·ɱˣһųΪߣ
߱һλһ۾ͽĿ˳ϣ켴⿴ϲƲʱ۾⡣
켴һתӿһ⡣
ţ˴ӿУֱ


728 ЮԱ
ſԣҪϹǰ˿ڳǰģٵһɶһɲǣ֪Ĺ⣬ǰʣеǰ
˵ҪնԺһ仰󡱣ʼԪҪΪ󹥻
ֻҪܽ˷ŵԺҾһɳˡ߶ţϵעһİ˵ʱ򣡡
ʱٳܻ棬һѷУӻֱϣһߣҪֱ֣Ѫ֮ƽ£Щûá
ΪоԵģԣֲ죬ҳϻעǸͻȻɱĳϡ
ȻʳȴǱȳϸ죬ֳһն£âǰƷķоֱƬǱŵӣֱǱնϣ󣬻Ϊҽ
˰Լûϲã۾ﻬһâһڵӣȴǳɡ󡱣ųϣתͷųһЦʵǰЩϣð𣿡
ȳϻشѾתӣǿȺУ۹â˷ȥһʱ䣬ҽѪζʮ㣬ǺɵѪŷɳʯڿա
ϴһƬȻ־ӿȫֺڣڲòϣС⣬ɺãԼء
ϧѾʵĽâѾն˵ȻΪǳҲΪˣ̽鵽һʱȻɱǵΪڳʵǰͳһЦâϮ˱߽⣬ò
ϴˣʣµһЩޣȻǲڻ£ʣɱֱǧҵǿɱ˾⣬Ѫɽͷ£ɽѪɽ
ķʬǧѪҰ
âʢˣ˭ʮֲ⣻һʶˣͻҪԸˣɱ˸⣬Ҫ˵·ƽεûĿģǲŵġ
ϾһʣΪزɲ˹עϸ΢ĩڵ飬һ˴ǵҲžȣиɻ
ߵ˳ǰŵЦݣ˵ǰɻ⣿ʿкšǰʵֵζûУеֻǰȻֻʢˡ
л³ȡȻŽ䱸֮⣬ֲЦô˵ǳЦݸǲ˼֣û˵ʲô֮͡ĿʵǰЩ˶ˣ

ʵͷЦ˵ǰԹƣˮ֮ӿȪ౨֪벻ǣ
ϿһӣʵʲôĿģ
ҲǰӿȪ౨ֻҪǰƣ¾Сָ˵ȵ룡
˵֮ԣɱʱŨ㣬ʵɫһͣ˲ָ۹ŨؿãԾЦǰϵˣӦúغذɣ
ʶ֪˶ٸΣǿԼƲ⣬ǿ˳ϵˣ˵仰˼ҲǺв֮⣬ʾųϣȻΪߣѾˣĶ֡
ǰø£ղ֮ǾһʹңһΪǰõĵҩΪǰˣǰػָʵʿȰ˵ǰֻƶѣǰƱʲôأ
ȻСЩ죬ǣ֪Ĺϵ
ΪƵ˵Ϸ˵أ
һЦָƬѪʬɱأ˵ұøղһУٷһ飡˵ţʻĿŽŰٵӵɨһ飬˼Զ
ǰƬɱ¾Գ϶ԣȫʲôϿǼǧ˵ɱ棬ϵĿǱɱȻֻаʵҪɱһʣŻֻܹҪ¶ܶණͬʱҪǲǻͬ飬ͬϽնɱĻŵӵĴʮΣա
ʼвˣҲܵĴǱݻ١
⻰۾һ仰ƺСϿųʣҲ¶˵Цݣ˵ղ˵ЩĲû뵽һߣ
ߣȫһ
𣿡
ϷʣӴָȡһƷķ


729 
Ʒ
ʿųóķɫһ֮󣬾ЦЦǰڵƣƷֻҲҵĶ֡ȻǳԶ˳ϣ˵֮󣬻ֱųϣ壬в
һϰСˣҲϷǰҰǻòͷˡ
˵ţץסǼƷȴڲΪȻ˵ǰ۷״̬Ȼԣߡ
ʵδȫӱߵó꣬顱һǳѭȥɵ˵ǿĿ⣬Ҳ˿ֻš
ԭȴǳеǼƷһƸˣ
壬ɱƷҪӲ
һʣʸסˣ֮ɫҵԤг˴ˣôܹһƷɵ飿
׻ԼǾƷ飬ԺŵܹƷȻܹԴǣʵĿ⣬ϣѵСȥǿǴһ
֮ǻʱ򣬳ϵֵش˳Ʒһˣ
ϻҲвΪŽŰٵӵİΣϲŲôֶΣ˵ôϻֱӽնɱ˱ǡ
ٿ˺˵ǰƿǵ鲻ãȻҲǰĶ֣ҪȫʩΪֻǰƣҪϼ֣˵ĿܣӰ쵽ǰΪ
ĿϬʸоһɱֱĻ꣬ǿпסҪӣ˵ǰʲôʧֻҪЩˣҲޱȱҵľأңҲһˣǰնɱһնɱ߸ǵΪȫҸߡ
ΪԼⷬ϶ܹ򶯳ˣϾֻŮ˶ѣΪԼ˴һѣȻ䣬ʣ˵𣿡
˵ˡʱ뷢ŭɽӴϵĿ⣬ȴǽŭѹ£ػһ䡣
˵˾͸Ϸûа붡ĿǾԶɡ
ǰ
ʸպ֣ԺһѣΣʱǾ֮ɫȴǳչʩչ֮£ׯֲ˺ã˵ǰˡ
һ˲֮䣬ʵ͸øɸɾ
̧ͷϣϵɫȫʧӲסˣ϶˵㲻еڶΣ۶ˣɣΪ֮ɣ
ҡҡ
еĿ־ѵ˼㣬֪˵ʲôãԾУȥϿȥķüӿ˿˿֮ɫ˿̣ϵĲ԰֮ɫֶ˼֣ԪɶԾҲ൱󣬶Ҫά֡аٱ䡷״ԽԽ
Ȼڵڼתǣһأ˵̫ˣҪܳһʱ䣬ϲ֮ȫָ
ϼϵɫ쳣˵Ÿ磬Ҫ
ðѻ˵꣬ϾͺȻϣ׼Ҷ룬ڣ˭Ҳǵ⣬˭Ҳ˺ǣ
˵꣬Щ˲ʰ̣ǳŹر֮ǰסջϵԪʯȵȣʣ޼ǽŰ˵Ŀÿ춼Ҫܴһʣԣ϶ЩͲƵǿȻ
һߣʻصǣסĿջ߽֮ͨһǳžȴֲʧ߹ķмλһòľϵˣʽüͷһ壬ӥɱˣܶ࡭
̫

ӥһݣϽĿ˵ӣҡ
׷ʲô£ʵ˵
ӥϣãɱˣвϣϳ˵ľһһʮ˵˳õ״ʱ۾Ҳ͵һʹֶΣüͷ
Ƭʱ֮˵úܺãȥúûָʲôҪֱ˵Уһġ
ллӡӥ˵꣬æȥ
˵Ϸźͻرñ˸ҶסÿʲôԵķҪҶˣǶ˫̥ʧһҪõ֣ʱЦһ£ûм˵ȥǻֵȥɡ
ǣˡһ鲨Ρ
ϦȫȥˣҲǵĳſڡ


730 ɱ򣬾
ϵŵĽŰٵɽͷǿ֮ʱׯҲһαˣ߽ׯһɽɽ¡
ߣǿåеƦԾƽҲǣ̾ʲô˶У˵һڵĵߣǸܳϢķǿʵ˼ʮֹˣׯǵΪУһʮ⣬һ
֮⣬ĶѵϢǣһڵӵϣųԽƷķڣĲƱϵȵȡ
ҲˣׯܿԼǰҪЩ㶣һڵͷΪʲô䵽˾أ˶ۣһһڡ
ׯ֪ܲǳڶǺϹҵѪɱ¾ǴľɱģɾͲֹߣ
û˶ʣֻһɱִȺд߾ͷسɱ
ׯɫ䣬ڵĲҿǹ֮޲ңûһЩЮԱˣׯ֪ٶĽͣڶǶ࣬ҪֻɱΧǵһڵĵɽԮ
Ͼǳ𣬾ѾһֻҲһֻׯɱ¾Ƿһһˣڽâ֮£̶̵ʱ֮ڣнǧߣڵϣѪɱׯܵɫԽԽѿԽԽǶȶϱ۴˿ڣһαѣǰɱ
ׯܼƲԾȥܻὫ˶ɱøɸɾͬʱҲԶӣﵹһ⣬ò²ľġ
ֱֱһըׯѪڣĿʱͱúѪһţһ߽ʣµߣܵؼһ顣
һȣɱ򣬱
춯صĺ¡ըʱʣµߣȫ˳Ȼסĵˣȫҷֹסصһɽׯܲˬǲģų䵽ǰ㾳أбֲˬˣڵãһЩȫ϶㲻ϵȻƵԱ֮
ǿ֮򰡣ȫɱȴɱ˳棡
һɳصʧܸУׯܵȻׯףǲܽƸնɱΪ
ƣϷҪնɱ㣡ׯܷХ
һը죬һɽܻصЩǿߣʮӰһɽ¸ȥǵٶȺܿ죬Ƭʱ䣬Ϳׯܡ
Щ˿ׯܵĵһӦǹؽСʦ塱ʣ˭һҰ
Ϸ򡭡ׯޱȵ˵Ļû˵꣬ͱһ˴ϣϷ򣿸ǰϡ˵Ļû˵꣬оׯܵģЩϤޱǱľУϡܹǰֶϽŵˣǵׯʦ塣
ǡׯʦ壿
ׯȻص˵ͷʮǿߣʱɫ䣬ϳɴʦ壬˭ģƴȥ
һˡ
ׯȻ棬ƺܴĹͣϳɵȻҲȥΪƵԵʣׯܲǷʣȻȵϽֳɽ׷ɱƣһȥ죬һȥԽ

ʮۣȫͬʱһʣׯʦԳܽɱѵ˵ѾɳԿĵز
ϳʵʦ壬ƣû𣿡
ׯ飬ڵҪšˮرǸ˸ˡϳͣ߸ģׯܸϽ˵ƴŵľŰӣǻȥһҪնɱɾƣһϷ
ǣʦ塣
⣬˳㰵ɱԽĽңÿɱһˣҪһڵļǺţһٲжֻһľҪΪʸ֮ˣɽϣʦֳأ
ǣʦ塣
ϳɵˣҲһɽ·ɽɱȥɱȥ
ϲµׯܻɱȴûϵׯܻ۾ǿնɱ˿̣ǳſڡ
ſڣسʿȻһɫĴˣڴռôһҪǣȻ˵ܽģسʿ⣬ʵǿʲôƾݣ
вƾ𣿡
سʿ´һԱһ˵ȥе÷ƹЩˣǲеˣ


731 иɽ
سʿȥеƹһǡϳšСͷʱֻΪ˵ģû뵽ССڡ
ţҪǲ˰ɡ
ֱ¶ˣ鷳Ȼܵͣسʿ˵ûʲôĿȴϬޱȣķӦȫΪ⣬תͷһʿ˼䣬ʿתԾһֻħޣ񱼶ȥ
šˡ
ҡ˵û¶һҡ
̶̼֣һӾͶˣȫûɵأޱȣֻҪ˵ģţ˵û¶ǾͿ϶û¶
ûйسʿüͷ壬㲻ǰȺˣʲôͷĽ䱸ˡ
ܿ죬ǿķеƹ÷ЦʿԼһЩƵĴӵ֮£˳ſڣ÷ЦһߣسʿӳǰŹ˵ܾү㻽ʲô¡
άָų˵Щˣ÷ƹʶ
÷Цһ˵ȣȫϸ飬Ȼ˵ܾүЩˣûм
÷ƹɿˣǴĿеţǳ£УҲѲάЩˡ
÷Ц¹ش󣬱ٴδһ飬ػ˵ܾүȻͲˣûеۻ軨ľأʶ֮Щˣȷʵʶ÷Цܼᶨһصҡͷ
ʱάתͷųϣȵ㻹кλ˵ʵǵʲôˣкĿģǽ˵ֻ£͵øȥһˣ
ι㽲ǧǣ㲻ǽȥˣҪǵȥһ⣡Ҳ̲ס
Ҿάˣ磬ϣϾǱ۾Щ㷲˵ҿǻȥ
뿪ûҵͬ⣬˭뿪
άĻ䣬һ̤ԶſԽԽάǣЦգۼ䣬һȺŰ˰˵ľӣӳＲ۳һ˸Χס
ϻ۾⡣
ħ̤ľʿ˵ܶӳ˵ļϸɾǰȺˣ
ֽǣǴеţ˴е÷ƹȴʶǣάԵ˵һ飬ǸֵĽһӣȵ£
ιǲǼϸ
˵÷Цǰ飬ûԶԶģϾ˽ǷƣǺ÷Ц㹰ָǣֽܾү˴û¶뿪һˡ
ֽû÷Цűʿųǲƣά÷Ц˵ͷʾ÷Цȥˣ÷Цתʱȴ÷ƹ񣬻Եһ

÷Цתһӱ㿴˳ӣӿһ֮У÷Ц˲άһۣʵλС磬кηԸ
иɽң

÷Цһʣ۾ɻĿ⣬С磬ղ˵ʲôһ÷ЦǴ˿˿ζ
άüͷˣֽһףֽ̧Ҫȥ£ֹˡ
䣬ǰ˵иɽң
ɽС磬˵ĿǸɽƹ񣿡÷ЦҲԾصⳡϻˣȻ׶Էµ˵仰϶ƾ̵ģǰʶɽƹǣɾˡ
ϱ鲻䡣
÷ЦмƽϣҲȥиɽȥиɽʵ֪˭븻ɽƹʲôϵ
ֻȥ˵УһȽ⣡
ϵ˵÷Цͷˣ˵ܷ˵øһЩ
ҪóˣҾͻܲ⡣
Ҳűһ仰÷ЦȴԽԽһɸоǰˣ븻ɽƹĹϵͬһ㣬񻹱ȸɽƹͷ
÷ЦţתԲά˵ܾү㿴¶άû˵ֻĿⶢӳ彫ӳߵǰʵ㵽ʲôˣ븻ɽʲôϵӳ븻ɽЩ飬ҲŴˣֹ³ǰ
Ͽӳ壬˵ҲϲӸµظ˵ӳ⻰ŭݡ
Զһ˫۾ųſһС


732 ̤
ӳ˵Ǿ仰ŭԾȻϣĿⶢųϣӳĿ䣬ϵĿҪٱңɱֱкӽ
ɱһΧŵӵĴʿȫľʧǸά󣬰ӳ壬÷ЦҲǻһͬʱ۾һ⡣
֮ȫϵɱ̫Ũ̫ˡ
ЩʿսϼѪģɱӳֿǧ˳Ľɱ̵⡣
أӳ彫۾סϣܵǹɱ֮ǰӴɱҪŨӳһŨŨʣصɱҪɱˣʮ򣿻Ǹࣿ
ɱǰӳˣûб¶ȫάĽ֮ӣȴڲܿƵزµħ̤˫ǿֱֲܵˡ
ϲӳ壬ͷά󣬾ôһά鲻Խ˳󲽣ڵϣֱţҸղûϳ֣Ȼɱ˵Ͳ֪Ҫٻء
÷Циȷ뷨ȳϷʣ㹰ֳ˵ǰһֲ¶ؽϢȥǰԵȡ
ϵͷ÷ЦϽĻȥţת˵ôҾ͵Ϣһӳһۣһ䡰ۿ˵͡ӳѹȥŭ͵緢˵Ŀ֣Ǵĵ̣Σ¶Ƶһ棬򣬽´ȥӳھеţ϶һǧɡ
ӳ׼֮ʱһνĿۣһأûɱѹӳ壬ǽ̺֮סӳ̤
ԥأֻ̤ǰֱڵϣ
̤¹ϵӳҲܣӳûϵᷢ¶벻֮£ӳݣҲ̤ͬϹˡ
һֻ̤£˰̤Ҳڵأ۾֣̤ϵľʿһأ˾֮£˰پʿ˵ŵӶ֣֪룻ӳ嶼м䷢ʲô£ЩС͸ˡ
Ƕһ£ǰȺˣܹԸģ
һĻ̫ڹ죬÷ЦάȫŴ죬֪ô죬ΨһģģǵȴȴеĴƹɽǰ
˵ʿѾûʿ󣬵ӳӲ˵ʲôˣɽʶ㣬ǲе̶ӣǱƴҲҪ£㱾Ķ֣죬ǿߺӣضѲ
ûᣬղôʱû˵Ѫнǰľƻ⣬һܶ˼Ųͻ䣬ǳʾǱضΪϵ˺۸ʱǴ鷳ԣҪǿơ
ǿƵͬʱܶ䣬һ䣬̬ͷ䣬ʱǸɽҲղ˳²̨ΪɽֻһˣǰЩˣǾӣ
ϼ֮Ҳټ׷ᣬֻŵӾһ𣬿ǰЩˣţһ˵ҲǿֻԼǿ󣬲ܹԼҪ
뵽ĿᶨˣŵĹȻʧȥɽıǵΪ϶ҪӰ죬ΪѰһЩʺϵĹ
϶˵㽫ÿ˵ԡΪʺʲô似ȵȣȫͳƳá
ǣš
Ȼ֪žҪʲôȴҿ϶ΪǺãǵĹǣ֪Ҫ˽ǵÿ˶Ǻд˳
˫۾ҲǴĿ⣬ֻųϣţˣʲôͷǸô˵ҲгΪȻѹ
켴ֿȺеϣ۾âһԽûֻҪץ֣λ´˵ĵλ˭Ҳˡ
ȻҲǰ÷ЦϢӱޣеϢɽͣ
賿컹ɵʱõϢɫ䣬۾⣻ԥأһׯ԰ȥׯ԰ÿȻֱһȥ
ӻа֮ʱ˽ס˵ƹүйʱ֮ǰ˭Ҳܴţ
Ҳ𣿡üͷơ


733 ȲѪ
Ҳ𣿡
ܣ
ʣҲǶȻ̬ȻŸ߸ϵζ
ƾǣסң
ֵ֪Ϊһ֮ǰǵʵʵǲֵһᣬ㣬ǲһ˵ӣû
üͷøʵǵ˼Ǹɽ˼

ү֣ܺģ
ͬʱȵ˵ɽıˣūţȥ˴Ϣ仰һ仰УһȽ⣻ڶ仰ҪóˣҾͻܲ⣻Ϊ֮ɣʱԼ
˵꣬ͷߣٶȣǸȥ˿̣ǼͬʱԸɽǷУɽչʾƨ似ͶԸɽһֱܵȻһʱɽչֳ˺ܲҵֶΣһĲġСչ㾳أȻðرǿ˲ɽְһλʱɽͿʼˣһ𾴣ʼԶ뽫С
ɽΣѾˣˡЦ֪ˣǿֵز
ߺסˣȫûнĻϣһЦС椣ΪԼһ˵תתŵӣһӣ͸
һЦһ˵ǣү۲ˣƷŮ˽һҹҿʱһܹôҪǽȥү£ŭүǿɾͲˣ

ʱü죬ǳſڵĳϣѾռʼԺĥõ似ǲ٣ǵؽ׵似ҲкЩֻǣҪҵÿһ˶ʺϵҲһ¶
ҲܽҪǴ
ţ棬һȽϡпᡱ⣬ŵĵӵŮ˿
ͷһƫ֮ʱǣѾԶ
һߣųϳûг֣ѾȻĸɽڴӡɫ㡱У˹ѹû𴲣һսݡ
֮󣬸ɽ޼䣬ǰڼֹӣǸˣ뵽һĻĻ棬Ӳһ飬ǹɡҲɢ٣𣿡
ɽôһ䣬ݵ˼֮󣬸ɽ뵽ڣ뵽սϵһɽ¶ЦݣôãӦòˣֻҪҵˣҰǸӡȥҵҸˡ
˺һЩʱ򣬸ɽڴӷ˳Ȼ󿴵ø߼ļ֣̹ˣ˼ԼүϽƨϣɽЩά֮Цݸʢȴţ˱Ϊ̫˵㣬뵱ҿôһУһ˽ĵλ
ɽȻὫ뷨˵һ·е֮У͹ϴ֮ˮȵȣѾʮļƷβ衣
ɽպһʱᵽ˶Цأż˵үǸС
ʲôɽΪ˵ǧļƷβ裡
֪ߵʱǸү仰
Ŷ仰˵ɽµڲ衣
һ仰УһȽ⡣һ˵һ˸Ͻ˵ߣڶ仰ҪóˣҾͻܲ⣡
ǿЦΪ˭Բ
˵ţȴ顱һ˻ͷԴأǵүһʧӣǧ괿ɰĲ豭Ҳˤķѡ
үôˣ˸Ͻǰۡһɽ³˿еĲβ裬ֱܵܣ뵽ɽķӦûǲˮϡ
˱֮ҪһƨȴŵѪζһĨǵϣвβˮѪɫ䣬ү
ԭɽǾ仰ȥڲ趼˳ȥǼ֮£³Ѫɽ۷ŭؿˣȵô¶ͷβ˵һ飬˵Ļ
һ£ɽ˵ͱˡ


734 
ɽµ˵ɽʱͳһߵ񣬽˵Ժһһţˣˣˣˡ
ɽȻף仰ǻеġ⡱֣ʲô壬⣬Ҿ͵ڣҪҸ㶼𡭡
˼״ֱ
֮󣬸ɽعǰһ󲽣ֱ˦⣬Ȱȡϱ˺ָͷӡɶͷԣֲѯʣɽѾҪˣҲ
ʱ˵Ǿ侯棬ĶԼ
ŸʲôϽ׼ãٶȸϵȥʱĸɽѾڷŭˣҪˣһûеҡֻ¾ǡ׶༪ˡ
бԹȴ˵ʲôϽոɽȥɽԺڷŽ취ȥԺһ棬˺齫ֹնɱĻ档
һĻ棬ɽͲˣһأƨ似𣿡
һӺ󣬸ɽ̣۵糸Ǹȥϣȫǳݣͣشߴţ㣬㣬ٿ㡭
ʱѾվǳſڣѣ÷ЦȻ֪һ֪ĵλĸߣϽǰȴûһߣֱٶȸϵϵǰҪִŮ֮ȴֹ㽫һӡ˻ȥ
ϿֻһɽӰȴǲǹճһĨЦ˵ܺãܺáԸģȲ˵Ҫǣǣһطϴŵһ·ҪԸ·ϵǿҪһڵ׷ɱѾģʱҪģǺúϢ
ǡ
Ӧһܣûһصֱ̤ߵӳǰ˵ֽǽӦûɣ
СȻû⡣ӳҲ֪֣еС㣬ƹӳ忴ϣɻأСôƴظϹ˵ǺηʥңС˵̬ȣƺŮһУǸɽôû
Ȼʣӳȴ֪ⲻʵģӳڻɳϵʱҲţʲôͷڴ죬Ȼ
Ѿ÷Цȥ÷Ц˵еķ䣬ȫŲǰһ㣬еĹأ÷Ӧס
÷ЦȻ֪ɴû˵ֻ˵һ£Ǹ˵ͷ϶СرǶ˵
ǽȥ
ϴŵȥسʿάʮֹվһߣֱ˾ʮȣ߹ߣһߡ
ȳ߳Զ֮ǹڵ̤ȻվƾǵôǲУӳٶȳǣҪϢȥ
е˫۾ųߵеĵص󣬸ϽȥһУȫʵرˣֱ˵˼Ȼӡ
÷ЦŲ֮ʱŵ˽Ӵŷ֣ŰٶˣȫŮӣ÷Цǲ֪뷨ʱϻ㱨ʱʲôġ
󣬶˵һ䣺ˡ
⻰ɱһᣬָϽȰ˵ӣɽˡ
ˣ͵
ûڸɽ϶˵ʲôɽϲ̨棬ֲܷһɽֲܷʮٸǧɽ
ϻû뵽ֻһȴûϵ˽Ӵľ档
ת˵ܳＯԪʯ޺ˡҩȵһ̺ԪĶȫ͵̡ϣ
ǣӣ
ҲЩϽӦдϰζҩȥռЩҩ֮УȻгٵħҪҩ
ʱ֮ɫ
еԪʯʼԴԴϵظأǻ㼯һҹʱ䣬ǷеԪʯҩȵȣѾĵһɶ
ЩǶһӣ
ҲʱӭοˣһοˣֻˣسʿҪʱһóһӣάɫ䣬ҪڵأȴֹȻһ棬˴š
άûдлع֮ʱӭ˵ڶοˡ
ڶοˣȴǺ֣ˣںţһǰţǰߣҳ˾ͱѪ졣
ַͨʽǣûŶάüͷǰʵ˭
дƹ񡪡ɽ

أһοҲתͷ


735 µ뷨
ɽ
άǰˣ˵֣һûзӦһ飬õȷĻشǰڵϵˣһʱͷʢеĸɽƹ
ȷ֮󣬲άԣֻǻ˻ӣһõԱߣɽǰһļ飻ɽֳһĻȻ˺ܶ˵ĹעҶ뿴˭ôһӳſھҪȥԣǱ˸ɽĺ棬Ÿɽǰ
Ⱥ棬һƱ㽫άסˣ
ΧȻ۷׷ףָָ㣬ɲǼǳЦɻ󣬸ɽǲŲʣˣֻһֱǰǹǰɽȴһɡˮƣ
ӳſڵеפأ̤Ҫ˼ӱܹɸɽȴ㻨һʱʱŵһʱʱǶɽֶˡ
ڷõϢ֮˼ɽҲһ衢ҷԴļһȻƵݳĿϷǸ˻ǲһ㣬Ҳȥˡ
˵꣬˱ȥ߳ſʱ͸ˣΧĸźЩˣһԼٶȣжȥ
ɽдſ֮ʱ˫ϥǣѾѪɫǲ԰׵òУ⻹Ʋסزִһ˲䣬ɽû˵ǡˡһͷڵϣʱѪĽ
÷ЦȻͱ߳ɽ⸱ģޱȣƹȻ÷Ц֪룬ֻҪȥɽ
ɽֹ֡ˡ°˸ͷߵ֮󣬸ɽˣɽˣɽ
ˡһΧ˻һĿ¶ȣˣɽ˭ˣҶԸɽ˵ָӺˣˣȴһ𾪶ûУȫǲΪȻȴǱֳ˺ܸȤӡ
ɽһһغţÿһ飬ؿһͷÿһ¾ӣɽͷѾĳѪˣɸɽûкʹҲҺʹȻš
µˣһɫҲһڲѣɽȴûеõһӦһһ³
Ȼ˸ɽĽкҲ֪˸ɽݵıϷ޶ԣֻƴػָʵһǿҵΣУȻѾǣ˴ķΧһˣ϶ϵģ˵ϳǰĴԲǿߣһĿǰסˣûУ
˵һڵΣǣһյأϲǸǿ߶ϵ̰Ŀ⣬Ǳţûе֣
ֻǷֶΣǸס壬Զģֻάһʱ䣬ϱǿ֮ǰָ㹻ʵ
ǣɽһսʧ̫أеԪʯȾԪƷȫȡɾʵҲŻָɶ㣬һʵԶԶάȺľ档
ԣҪȡʱ䣬ɽ⡰ϷҪģԣ۳ԭԭ¸ɽɽҪϷϺܳһʱ䣡
߻ָʵͬʱϻţ϶ʲôãΪʲôһҪõ֣ϸ߽ǣҲֻʣҲһ𰸣һУػŵĵӲ˺ҪҵһһܹסֻǣңӺζ
˼˰Σ뵽˾ӣΪرעؾս׿ӴķҪ붯õ
⣬Ҫѵŵӵļƻ뷨ͳһһ𣬳۾ʱ⣬Ϊ뵽ˮ￴Ǹ棬ƺŵսϵɱʵǸɱĴӦúЧ
ϵǸ뷨һã
Ƭ֮ĵ޳еУԪʯ͵˺󣬱нӶˣЯŴĴָ֮С
бȽϤˣһˣдɻ󣬡гʲô£ôзеˣǡ
ڵķ䣬˿ѾѳһСɽСɽԪʯﹹɣȴһɫĴָÿһָﶼװ
ȻЩԪʯȲǿߵԪˣǣʤ󣻳˳Ԫ֧ţڵתٶҲӿ죬ϵʵʼٻָɣĳɣɡ
ɫɽԣƴţˣǰһУ׷ˣСľѱˡ
һ죬ϵʵָ˰˳ɣʱвը֣


736 ã
ըڿʱѪ۵ĸɽõһ㣬վϥǻһ֮ʱɽعȥȻǹǰ
ɽΪȻǲͷܴɣ
ЩΧ۵ɢȥ˲٣ֻһЩ̽ӣЩ̽ûпҲǲˬԻȥ
Ըɽ˺ܸȤˣڿ˵֮ʱϽųˣȻǲײ棻Ȼ˵£罫֮۵ף㽫Ϣ֮ˣȻ켴һ°иٱǣҪǡ
ɽ˳ڷ棬ڿͷ˵ţˣɽ
òһ͹ˣ
øɽ䣬ɽһ飬æڸɽûйҲп͵ķϣĸɽһɽһΪ˾Ϲᣬѣɽһܹз󣬳Ϊ֮УС
ȷʵкܴĹͣ
ɽĻӻ̿ˣϽ˵ɽҾӹûˣûнĸɽнУᡭ
һΣɽʩչƨ似еĹͶ˳ϵϣɽԼĵλŵúܵͺܵͣɽʾ֭һпĴ
ɽӵ쾡ʱ˵ɱˣٸµʱ䣬Ҿܹ֣ܾһĳɼն⣡
ллˡ
ɽҲһ˳ȥţҪĳɼ⣿鲼ÿһ䣬ټϱأ
ɽ֪ѣɲжôѣѶʲôˣɽҪĵһ£ǽļĸָնɱˣ˿˿ڣɽĸҲ
ȸɽȥ֮˽мȡԪһѶѵԪʯСɽٿʧһ
𾪵ʱ򣬳˵񣬸һݹڲξȵȣڶ񣬼̾ȫȥһŨĵطʲôĹȺһࣻʽ齨鱨֯֯ҪһƿأøɽȾָ鱨֯Ҫٶ̿ȥ졢Խ鱨۴Сɡӡǿ֯ȵȶҪռ⣬к⣬ҲҪȥ
ǣӡ
ϴӴָȡһƷķݸʱһпϲͬʱޱȵ˵ȥɣӦõõģԺõģ࣡
ллӡ
˵ʵ⣬ǰɫСȥˣ߳ȥ˷Ѫĸɽһߣɽүʱʲô
ɽ֪ڷҲΪ⣬Цǹά˵С㣬ܲͨһش㱨
ʲôܴùɽүȤû״Ӧɽ֪һ棬һӡ󣬵ֲóȻȥΪȥĺ
˼֮£ɽ˵ȻС㣬ˣһа׹ǵˣҹңҴӦҪ󡣡˵֮󣬸ɽ֣˳ȥ
̹̣ȴаϢ˳ϣ۾һϢõϢˣ˵ٶһ񣬾ںδ
ǣӡٴӦȥ
ڴøɽ´֮ʱһջķ˻˽ţС䣬˵쿴ûУС߸˵֮жװһ߻صӦûпɣҪǿˣǾͲˡ
˵òˣС䣬ȥתת
ȥ
˵˲׼йҪС㣬ûУ
ǣС㡣
øɽŸǸˣЩȤţСҲһ˼ģһ͸Ͳ֪һǡ
һߣ˵ţȥ̽̽Ǹ˵ʲôȲҪݾߣøɽΪ϶һˡ
˵ţ۾ݹ⣬һôˣһ˫̥ǱҪõ֡
ǡдӦӰ
ȥģһкܶ˽ȥӳһǳһǵ̽ӣеľֵȵȡ
Щˣټʮˡ
̤еһ˲䣬ϵ۾˿ǹճһĨЦ


737 棬ǿ
ºҹУʮ˽֮ˣʵҲʵͣǽԾڣƽأһɳһ˿΢磻ǲ֪ǵһһȫڳϵ
ܶ棬һӦҪ֣󿴵ԷĴ磬ʱ׶ԷĿģһģһ켴ֿ֣У̽ӣЩ˿һߣãǱͷû٣Ҫܽעȫȥץһ˫̥͸ˡ
ںҪŵ֮ʱһǵĶǺôӣϷĵҰϷ͸Ĳɣ
ըʮˣԴ󾪣ȻûпϵӰ͹ľˣģ˻ӴܣҪС
߾ߵģ˾ȫ°ɣţɱӿƵЩģʱɱɾ·ҡΣҲǽ߻Եأʡ£ЩûеģѲˣʮӣȴ⡣
̽ӣʮ˲䱻£ûٵϣҲգҴݾߣţһȺ²㣬ļһǡ
л꣬һߵõ𣿡

˴󾪣ԥ룬ȫʵǱҲӣܳ벽ԺﴫҵʹըٶȸϢ֮䣬ͱϵġȫ
֪ʹӡ
ܳоԾ̧ͷһȴһˣվǰһڳ־϶ΪѸһ˸ҫ۱̹⣬Хն¡
飡
ƫն˳ϣ˲Ȼţô׵ؾͽնУĪǡȥϣһƬɫ
ԭǷȷնˡ
ǣϲûˣǷȴˡ
˼״֪Ѳȵ֪ЩʲôԸԸ˵ţһȻľ̬ҪԱ
ϵ˵Ҳ֪Щʲôһȫ㣬ȻĶԪˣʲôöǣҲ⡣
ԡ
̽Ӹպȳһ֣ĵﲿλͱץһԴԹ켴һССĻǶϣΪС
ԪˣųʵҲʱ֧һʱˡţһθ̾ŵʱСǣȻĻʵͲô̵ʱͻָųɡ
ȻҲǶĳ˵ˣӴԪʯͲһ֮ڣȡ
һ֮󣬳ϻصԺУʮѾһԱ߿ţϼԪڤ٣Ϣʱڣʮ˵Ϊȫɸɾ
ʮ˴߱˷ˣ
󣬳˵ǵȥǣһΣһ·һΣʬ޴棡˵꣬ϼЩԪƷͬʱоǹǸ꼻һֵġ򡱣
Ҳһʱ䣬һڵǿߣһӵִԽӪһӵִ˴Ӫׯ֮صһĵʱ䣬ܳЩǿߣٶȴ൱ؿ졣
Уһˣ˶飬Ǽٱ
˱ϳɡ
ϳɶԳһֱǻģɽ˽⵽һԼоŰ˵УвŮӣǷȥϳɶʱׯʦ˵Ϣв޵뷨׷ǡ
СǣϷҪնɱǿûԨôӡֱϳɶɻڳôԨġ
峿ܿ쵽
棬ΧһȺˣǿЩˣʼƷͷȺ֮Укö˫۾žţһ˫۾ǳޣʮûп뿴Ǹˣ޸磬󣬷Ȼߡ
ܿ죬Ǹ˱֪̽ʧٲϢ˵ʱʢŭԱߵֱӱһĵ÷飬˵ɱˣǻˣ̽̽ˣܲΪãڿˣһʲ֣Ǳɳ߽ʡ
޺˵꣬˵˵֣˵˿նɱһԽû׼κˣûУ
ǣˡ
ͬʱüĿĿС̤С
Ҳ˵һ񣬽ӵй鱨˳ǰϿһ۾Ŀ䶨һӦ㹻˰ɣ


738 
ƹģҪ÷ЦڸɽƹΪΪһˣֻвƸܽͶʣҲͶʣȨƣΪ
÷ЦһƹеĹ죬֪Ҫ϶ãһ÷Ц֪ǰһûᣬֻҪǸøɽƹֿ־ˣпܾͻĵ·ϣǰһ㡣
ʱл÷Ц󣬾úǹ죬ʱ̣棬ǿǻʮ˰
ƾֱ÷Цо˵֣򵥣뷨֮£÷ЦϽȥ߳ȥʱһӻΪУأ
Уӭ¿ͣ⣬ȻҪҪ÷Ц΢Ц˵˵˾֮㱻˴ϣһ⣬ƹģ仰ʵ
÷ЦһͣЦȻ档
˵۱Ҫʲô⣬Ƕˣ
÷Цй죬ɸſ죬üΪ϶˵ڱһ⣬Ҫˡ÷Цεʵʲô⣿
һܼ򵥣رȴǳ⡣
ǡ
Գƹӵ˵һЦһŵ֣÷ЦѾһǣֻǹӼ˵÷ƹɱСһŵ˵ɣ˵˱ɻˣȴܹ̱ԴΪӳЩΪ
ӳЩ֪ЩǶ٣
ӾͲˣпǳ꣬Ҳп̶̵ܶļӣ٣Ҫеʱʵˡ
Ȼûлش÷Ц⣬˵൱û˵÷ЦԺȻʵŻôһź¶ϣϴ̾򽻵Ȼףûһ߲ӳģֻһ㣬һʱһӣҲ㹻˷ˣ˵ɣǾطƣԴ
÷ЦŵʱǹҲţôնҾͲ㲻Ϲ÷ЦȷĶˣϹˣףҪɴֵҩϿ϶Ҳ򵥣ǣ۲϶ôѰҲȥһԣ˵ǵ㹻ۺˡ
뵽÷Ц͵طǰһӽǸӵĴû𣿼ֱ÷Ц̾ţ켴˵Եȣȥʾһ¡
ǹ۾һ֮⣬˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
ּΪƽԼ˵ʱ顢ȴ÷Цһ𣬵ûб¶ϽȥϢϱȥҲ˵Ļ˵˳ȥܿأϢ˳϶۾һԼһųٵ˵Ϊ棬ͽ⡣
ǣӡ
˳ȥˣüһ˿ɻ켴Цλӣ⣬нˡǹ¶Цݣһ֪飬˵빫Ӹ֪ǵǺȥռϡ
ǹҡҡͷûлش𣬶ЦŷʵҪĵȻܲʣҪеˣ̸һ̸
ĿһӱϬת˲ֻ⣬ұ
ƳĵҩôǱӽҩûƳӦøʲôĴ𣿡ʣͽסˣ˵ȷϵǼ٣ǲǣǻ˴ȥѰңָøĴۣ
һݣѸ˵ȷʵûƳ֮ǰӲܳŵʲô֮ʦйϵԣС㲻ţǱֻȥһˣ˵ǱʵҲۺ񣿡
˵ţ̧űҪߣһȥǱļʽ÷ЦʱЩˣ͵ȥˣҲҪſڵһ˲䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôЦȻǹӺߡ

ǹӵʱסӣĿɲһתͷʵСľͲģǿǶ컯
ȻĶιⲻϣУһҲֻʹȨһҲţϣЦ˵
һأЩﻢˣ֪˵ʲôʱϴ˳˵ĿģϷ򣿡
һ͡


739 
ǹӵĽ̸ȫ֮۵ף÷Цлɣԡаٱ䡷ĳϣȴһۿŮװ
˵֮ǰõϢӡ֤˻ָڳٵûƳ֮ʱҲĪôȻʮ˵ĿһģֻһΪӲһΪһΪһΪ񣻵ȻУ޵̬˳Ŀһơ
ǹ֮󣬶Գϱһȭʵ֪ǰţ
ɽҰûš
Գϵľܾ⹫ȴûģ˵ҽƷǣƵƣǷǵķǣ֪γƺǰƷһ˵ţһߴøɽһͷԭµˣҲŮ˵ھŸУƷǸоǰ˵ףʵס
Ϸճ
գƷһ㶣뵽ң뵽ǲǸŪĲǣǳҵ˼ĳҵӵ˼ǳʲô
ʣȻϣƷЦǴǿһա
⻰Ժ͸Ǹӵף뵽ӳ֪һУʶȴϾᣬʵҩɣ䣿
ṩ֮£ѰҲϺƳһŲܣĻķֳɣռоųɡƷ˵꣬㷴ʨӴ󿪿ڣеķնǳеˣǲռĳɡ
ṩСһɶòƷҲʾ켴ֵǰûзȥ˵û
㡭
˵һ֣㱻ֹ϶Ʒ˵˵Ϸ֮⡣£ͶȥһмɫƷ˵ǰΣ
ֳɣУʹաϲݾܾ˵ƷɫȴҲ˵ãͰǰ˵䣬ǩֶԼɡ
÷ЦϽȥһ׼׵Լ֮ƷǽĵϿһۣҩ࣬ʮζɣЩҩ̫죬д󲿷ֳ϶ֻЩѰˡ
һζȴ˳Ϻܴע⣬ζҩݣĵ濴ĻرŨرǷĹ԰һ࣬ԽãԽпݡ
һ㣬㹻ʮֵȤˣ
Ͻݸ˵ͽˣ½졣ͷǣƷǵĿȴһֱڳϣʱƷЦϣ㿴
˵꣬Ʒ˳һۣԺұĳˡЦţƷ˳ȥ߳ȥ˵ӣ̫ˣȥ飿
ˡҡַ񶨣˵֣ڵܲģȥˣжȥ
Ϊʲô
һ߽ڱǡϵ˵һֵʲôĿģֻҪ֤ŵ׼ȷԣ⣬ȼȫѰݣ
ǣӡ˵꣬ϵӰ˳ȥаٱ䡷һʩչϱóһµףǷ̣Ҳϸߴ󡢶ʵһǿĺӣϢϢظȥ
ƷҡڽͷһжܸȤС˵С㣬ô˳ȥҪ֪ˣСҪ
ʲôŵԶҲǿɲһζҩƷǲΪȻ˵ţ˵С䣬Ǹ
֪ܸоֵֹģеɲĸоСüͷ˵Ʒǵ˵ͷҲָо˺ܲ򵥣ԽԽãҲԽȤҪܹҵǴطҿоϲ͸ǡ
˵˵ţȴⷬѾȫ˳ϵĶϴƷ߹Ʒ˺ֻ֪Ʒؿ˳һۣһֵֺĸо
һسǵش̽һЩйƷǵĵϸҪȥξʵǸһ֮ƣԼһȫµġǿݣŵľŰٵӡ
û϶ʱ䣬ϱ㵽˱ξ֮أʱ򣬳ϵΪֱ˳佫Ҳ̫ͣߣΪֻ˭Ҳ飻̫ˣֲӣöࡣ
ŴԽŷ˼ͻǰӼѪҺǼȳ䣬ټ۹ƣ˽ԲξΪ٣ٴ˶ܵǰξԣһеȳУҪξˣҲ˳ӡ
һ֮С
ʮңƷСҲξ֮أƷǱ˹ȥͻͣסţ۾һתַŵ˻ǽЦ


740 ס
ξؼбĿǹбԼıεȵȣξǳ״ʦΪһ״ʦΪߣȴһܼӣҪճΪһˣҪһϵеĲԣͨˣʽΪһˣֻܱ̭ͨ
ҪͨԣҪһõó֣乭ܰٲʹٽĴʯ飻ԣҪ顭
ڳ֮ǰߣͨߣʮˣһϣ֪ܵҪξһ׵¶ͬʱҲ֪ĲԳɼԽãʱĹְԽܸߵһǧ˽ȻҪǧ˽ɲһ¶ٴбôãûдӲξֱӾͳһǧ˽ġ
ڣֵ˳ϣǼǵһˣĺʵʲô֣ҪشȴǿϤӰǹճһĨЦݣø߽ڵŮˣȴҪŮװξ˼
ģʲô֣ЦʲôЦ˿ϲŭξ͸Ͻ˱
ǣռéӲʺҲֻмѣҪͨԣǾԲܵġһó϶˵˵ţչʾ˸߽佫ΪﻹҫһɫĻţû״ɢһܣΧıһƬǸǼǵľҲ¶ϲ֮ɫһ߽佫ǱȽϡٵġ
ϼˣһЦᣬֻ˵ϡ
УǼǵľһ㶣󣬹˵˵ֽдУӽǴ۽硭Χˣ͵غЦƷҲųϣЩЦǾ½ϴ˵ҿҲֻһǴеˡ
֮ɳȴĬĬţɱۣս۽һɱȣҲΪһСĳЦչɱΧˣͲһƬУԣֻһϷڵֻϷ򣬳ĵ˵ǳǴϣϵرϡ
ӻǾôк˵ţд˳ϵ̧֣ͷųϣȵȥʲôƴɣˣҪǱˣжԶԶӣһҪʬ
ּǺˣǧҪǣЦ˵һ䣬ȥǾһ㶣ȴ˵һСС佫ҿڳԣΪԼ˲ƵģǧңҪңҾʹһףΪĴУ
ڿЦУʵʲô֣
硣
ֻ磬úüͣһСû⡣
ҵĿ꣬ǧ˽˵ʢȻһڼֵƷ˵ʱ˱Ʒǣ
ƴ㣡
ƴȻС䣬˿ϣȴǽ̬֮߱˵С㣬Ҫ֪ˣСҾˣǻǻȥɡ
ȥΪʲôҪȥС䣬㲻ܺ˭˵ֻжǰҲŮԪ˧ģƷǣҪǴһŮ
ǣС㣬ǽ֦ҶܺЩֱɵ˻һЩ֪ˣвŹ֡
İɣ˿϶֪ǵ֡
ǡ
ˣˣٿǣҾȥƷ˵ţ󷨲֮С޷ֻÿ첽ϣС佹иһ˱С仹ٱͷת£øϽ¸ˣҪǳ£˭Ҳ𡣡켴Ҵȥ
Ʒ˲֪ǵϸ˵һУ˳ϵĶȻ˵Щڣƾ֧ƬѾһţӦǹɣ
ϷԽԽ˼ˡһЦߵأÿʮΪһӣһӣԾӸµ̬ųϣƵУǱһ°
ôȣ
ϵ˵ֻȤϷеһɫˣͬʱҲע⣬Ŀʵ֣Щ
ʮ˭ľԶĸ׼ΪӮҡ
á
ͷϴӦˣϵЦݣҪḻжḻһϳԶ˵ӣӣЦʣʲôĲͷ
Ͻ˵³Ͼͷˣ˵ˣҪΧԳʮȦΣ
ãǵһ֡
Цøˣ˵Уҵģ
仰Ӧ˵


741 ȫ㣡
һССĳ佫ҸҶֱǲ֪ţ˵䣬䣿˵ţȳ˵ЦҲҵǰ䣬ҾΪѵ㿴һ¡
绹ˣһСĻ뷨ǣʮ֧ϸס£Ӷ˵Ȼ󷢻ʧ
һӮˣ
˵ĴģѾӮһߵΧۣǵСҲµؿţ䣻϶Դ˵һûһŭɫֻǵ˵Ȱɡ
ṩʯнپʮңӹʯһ࣬ǳΪȻ˵ʯˣʯɣ
ʱ˾ʯ찡ǿŰٽﰡ
ʯҪٽһǧﹻ𣿡
¿Ǹдеˣ䶨ˣ佫Ϊʯͺܲ˲ˡ

׷еߣȫóϣΪϱɣΧ˵ĻӸЩƮƮȻˣ糯ųϵһЦ͵һӾͽʯƴ״̬ΧľǱǸСٶҲǵͷѡ
綢İİӣҡҡͷ˵İףʵ̫ˣɣһ˰׵ˡ滹͸մմϲΪһӮˣԺѾųϹڿԳʮȦǧ˳ЦĻ档
ѾƵ˰˰״ĵĺԲȦѾһź㣬΢ɲ죬ಡ
һ֣ӮһƬ̾ɫЩ죬ȻղŵֻٵĴѾ˳ȥȻʹ˰֣ٴһֻһֻļ˳ȥ
ʮֱֻ۶ľˣûбֳЦݣԵƬ̣ʮֻȫкģ
֣
һƬ̾йĶ̹ȻܣԳ˵㲻ʲôֻС¶һְˣ˵ʮֻʮֻȫкģ
˵֮綢ų˵ˣΧҲȫֱųϣֱ˵벻䣬ûʲôˣƾʯڰ˰״ȫк𣿡
ָϽһ˵УҪˣǾɣö
һЦ˵Ȼô뱻˴ҲΪѵسȫɣ켴϶ǸС˵ĹǶʯģ
ʯ
С˵ţųζ磬һͲųܹÿʯһƬɼУҡҡͷ
ʳǾ仰ʱССؾһ£ҡͷæòм˵ʯƾ㣬ÿŹأ
ȻĻ䣬˵ʯʵһ㣡
˾ף˷ÿʯ𣿻˵˴󻰣֪ԼԽߣˤԽʹ𣿡Сٵ˼ˡ
ʵһмŰʯ
ֻţСٵƣеˣ磬Ҳ⻰˲١
ϰֵǾһɣ
ʲôһǿǲǧﰡǧĹ˵һССĳ佫һֻ»ЩѰɡ˼˵
Ҹͷ֤п϶ǧ﹭
Ҳš
Ҳš

Χȫǡšûȥ⣬ȴǽŰʯһȻ˵ӷһǧŰ״ɡ
С
˶һ֮ǰŵˣеЩˣ˼û£ôܷų˴󻰣ɸˣǿЦЦϵΪЦϵԲ
ƵһǧŰ״ܶ˸ͿںδˣеȫųеĹһץʮֻʮֻŰʯϡ
һĻΧˣɵ۷㶾
˿˿֮УﻹֱţܵģģҵʦҲ͸
ڻɡȡŵ֮УŰʯĹңƣǵ죬ŹҺҲԽԽ󣬵ȵϽȫǣǵҲŴ˼£
ಡ
ģΨһƿʮֻҶأ


742 ȥ
䲻У䲻Уȫ䲻С
翴ϽŰʯͬʱһƬȿͬʱʮֻʱѾ˼㣬䲻С֣ԺΨһɣ
˵ĸܣȴ粻һȲ˵ܲУͬʱŰʯˣ϶ѾһֲĵزǸԵС٣һͷУܹʮֻȫУ
Ϊ֤ʵСټ磬һǧŰ״İλãƬʱϵȻ㿴ʮӵĺĴʮֻ

Сپ鿴һһİӣ𾪵ױ֮ʱСַһ⣬ÿһֻû͸ӣǣڰû
ɰʯļһǧŰ״ٶ죬ʱôӶû䴩أСٵԺʡ
켴С뵽ʲôɫ𾪵һƬ԰ף¶ֻ˵˵ǸϡǹġġĿ
СʧǵػصԵأĿʣôȥ鿴һɼɫ԰أǻæʵ٣ǲûУһֻҲûУ
ˣȫˣʮֻˡСǾ壬ΧٴξֱԲܳ¶ôأ
粻ţһ˳ȥҪûصùС٣ûֹ˼״Ҳȫǰȥܵǰʱǿǰ˰磬ѾأѪѡ
ˣȫˡ
ϲ֡
ףЩȻûн䴩
һ죬ըڿգ˶Ǹ飬˵ԼĲ²⣬Щ²⣬ǸԼͷ­֤϶ϲеߣӸɴֱ࣬ӻ˹ȥ
ǧܹĳ˵ţһë㲻ϣŰʯֱСϺϺһǧŰףǼޣǴһˡ
϶С˵磬Ըķ䣬ˣһʲôк֡
ǣ
СپȻһȭأų˸֮󣬲ŷԾ΢΢һЦһԳСٿųϵıӰʮֻĻ棬񾴵ֵǿߣӦܵ𾴣ţȥҪжԼ
һ¼ǵע𣿡ϵһ䣬Ǿټȥ
һأԵԳһɸߣʯһУ֮սߣǫ̈̄ڲԾٻ״̬֮УһšĿ֮֮أ
ʱ򣬳ϵѾԳǧ﹭ͬʱʮֻȫкģʯһбʮˣ˳ɼԲξǰδУδŹġ
ǸǼǵľ٣ϵԼĳЦ϶˵һ仰ǿ־壬ˣҲϲϵģ֮УǽгϵˣΪбĵһǧ˽
ţٿһ˹ӣڲԳأϴĵ𣿡³Լҵ³
Ҳ㱼磬ûᣬֻߵһ٣͵ħ޸ҳϵѾĿǣǾȴǲΪ⣬ϽشųϵһǧִӴ棬һֻ˽ħоôվһСɽ㡣
ôץģϿѣͣײӵ۾һ˿ʹâ
Ǿæشǳȥ̽·ʱֻһֻɱֻˣˣǽϻκ˺ͳ
ϵͷӣ˵ҪҽӴ𣿡
á
˵ţߵǰֻץסһһ֣ǧ־ͱˣڳײӵ״ֱϳ˹ֱ̳Сλ
ǾΧڳͽ۶ӣű㿴һĻﱬһ־ľУΪϿ϶ĸᱻ󶴣Ϊʱϵֻ֣ץϡ
Ȼһ˲䣬ʯˣ
ֻϵֱֻ֣ץס켴ھ춯صĺУһСɽգˤ˵ϡ
ʱ


743 
һ߻ع㿴ıϡ
۾žµĹâ
ǰ
Ϸ˳ޱȵ߳ͣΧ߼״ϽɢȥʱѾûٽϵһ佫ˣ˿ʼɳϵʵʵ
˱֣ﻹһ佫ֻ¾Ҳеһƴˡ
ûнͣǲ²ţȻһ𾪵ıܶ˵ĻɣͲģξ֮󣬾Ѿһ֣ԴһƫƧСɽ壬С˴ȥѶ
Ϊֹϵı֣áͣȻɣ뵽棬ֻΪȽϴˡ
˸ߵһСһûôʱ䣬ҪС򣬲ҪãҪҪһߵ㡣
շ֮󣬳ѾˣξߣԵľ٣ȫסˣֵԣϵõĳɼȫǡš
ԣԼıĲԵص㣬֮ѾԳԲԴȻҲ⣬ӴϵߣһݼĽؿųϣӭ˽ȥ
߽ԲԴԳֹһ磬ĪǳϲֵߵþˣԼıҲͬ죬һȫţ
㱼ŵ磬ѾӽڱԵֱѣԳôСһ㲻аȻ߽ԲԵ㣬Ԥ׵أٴѪ
ӳӴıͦ٣Ӵ࣬ȴǱȴ󣻴һ˵ǳϵȻȥˣĿģѡ
˾ƵĴָġоɱ󡱣뽫оɱ󡱲ڣ͵öźоϾоɱ󡱱ȡۻ󡱸Ӷˣͬʱǿٱ
֮⣬ϻҪͨԣϾҪΪһ򣬲ô򵥵ģȻܹڰУȡз׼ǣϷҪعġ
߽ȥϱע⵽Ʒˣ˷ֱǰмһɳ̣Ʒ˵ϣѾ԰һ룬Ƕ䣬Ҫھĳַ˵ʹһ㡣
λãһλŵİӣϽ˵²һıطܵõţ˵õľͲǵõǧ˽ͻԶһ֮ΪûıԼ䣬սϣĲǧµĴ
ҲΪģҶ߾ȫ
û߸ϵı飬΢΢˵ӹž޲۾һƣȡôţôߵˣ϶ĿһУὫ˷ûϵȴôǫͣĽܡ
°ɡ
ָָǰɳ̣߹ȥ߼Բϣɽлľһһģжʮ棬ͼͬ
ӽ͵ɫҴɫԽÿһĴһٱͼֲͬͬͼǴ컢ھǴ
һ˵󣬳һţ˵ִ죬ִ죬ԽٽҴ죬Ӧԣʤңսţһǧ˽Īܣһ̸
ϵ˵ͷŴȻҰļھͽԽУСİͻӳϵԺһʱѾӵʲõȳ֣ƶġ
һʼӱ㽫ʮɫļһ𣬳ϵĺɫӪӲӲķʽǳϲģ켴Ҳ׼ɫļһ𣬱书һۡ
ϸһɫģоԾǰɳ̲ˣһõĿռţ̹Щõĳʼʵ
ȫʵ֮󣬳ǰľɳϵһģһֻɽӰǧ
ʲôܽɳ̻Ϊʵɳʲô⣿
ڳﻹɻʱ򣬶ѾصȴԽ»ĹޣϸϽռ룬ƶʮģһս
Ȼ򣬾Ƕ̱ӵһǣԽʿˡ
һ֣óϸо쳣Ť˶ʮġȭһȭȥȴǴ˿մ뵽⣬ͻ򣬡ԣսƴɱĳϵ


744 ס
֮߼ƴɱĳϵͬĵøղŵĻ˵սʵʵǧ򻯣ʵƴɱ֮ʱֺγ㣿ɱҪӲӲһȭȴˣҴ˿մ׷ȥ׷ȥͻôɱ
ͻģһҲһ򣬳ϲûƶɫģûǧ˴׷ɱԽȥֻڷ
ӸͲ뵽ղľٶϴʲôû׷ɱЩͣţϣһ֮ţҼ÷ŭȻܿƵס緢ŭƵסӿѪɻԶԶ
ͬʱͨƴɱɳƴɱĳϣҲţˣҾԲӦ䣬ǧ仯
ͷ£ٴγ֣Խٴδɽ֮һǧԽˣ׼쳤󵶣οɢң¡
Ȼȴ濴Ũɱ綴ҷһ㣬޿ײ룬޼ѰЩɱ綴ĶڣڻǿСģһֱҪµһǧʿݿһ򾡣
ϼȻˣȻӦԷʱҷնһʽķ֮⣬ս֮УסӵɱУӼ״һףȻ֮
֮ȴҡҡͷָʹԽɱȥ
ʱҲЩΣȻɱҲҶӦ԰취ǣϵĵһͳսһνӴĿɽɽľ㡢˵ȻΪʵɳ̡
˵ǲ㣬ͬʹһͻ⻻һûϤ֮ǰͲܷʵһˣϵһǧɱýڽڰˣ䵶ն£ѪĽĻ棬Ҳʵޱȣڳ϶ŵѪζ
ҲŴˣ֪ƷΪʲôɫǰ԰ˡ
㱻סˣֻбɱˣӵ˵ſϧζ
ϵȻʹ˷Խնɱҷնֻзйֻ˵Ҫأ
̫̫ǿηƵľ档ƽ˵ͬʱٽ£ô˿̣ƴǧ˾оŰˣԽԺԲƣ˵ڣĻᶼûˣ
ȷס𣿡

Ӿ֮ʱϱ任ΣҷնڶʽĹ֮֮У⹥ȥȻȻӦϰߣʹָۣɳָŴˣÿһιԽı֮
աҷնڶʽĹ֮⣬ȹƵ㣬㣬ߣһһߣ棬Ӷҷȫն飡
ϧųϵĻǺЩ㣬ûߣȻܳ棬ӶնԽǧ˾
ˣӵĹɱ࣬Ѿƣβ֮ǰҶңɱңڣʲôˣԽҲֻʣ߰ңࣻҲ˵ոյƴɱһɱԽһı
۾ͣ𾪹âȴЦ˵ãһ쵶ն飬ǿϼ֣ÿһιﵽĿģһǧԽնɱһɾֻϧûйĽڵ㣬ûƣ
ܻƵʱ򣡡ţҲԽԽϰɳϵƴɱĲοһЦ˵㲻㣬
£һ߰Խٱ䣬ֱһֳҪڽˡҷնڶʽ֮Ĵһҧ
۾ﱬ⣬սȻ죬ʱ˿̣ԽУһߡҪӮҪնߡ
նߣһնߴ磻Ǳնߴ֮ɣ
кܶնߴķ翪ѵأȵȡ
ɳ϶ûã
Ϊ˿ָ̳ŵٴ߰˵ġߡ˵϶˵ߣұսҪһУһնûнߴնһ룬ͻᱻ̳Խȥͷʣ
õģǡ롱Ĺɱ֮⣡
߰ԽɵġߡڳУһ⣬һڽڵĹͷҪģָٴһѡߡĹͷ⣬뿪
նߴ߻ߡͬ
һ룬ֻڵʯ֮䡣
˲Ϣ䣬ʣն䡰ǡ롰⡱


745 նͷʤ
ϳУУ
ͨղŵĽӴ϶Գв˽⣬֪䲻һ׷ˣˣԤϵ϶벻ȡأҪԹء
ΪˣӻֹʽӲӲб๥
Ӿû뵽ϵĹʽʮֵسϣ˹һʱ䣬ҲûкõӦ԰취ٱ任Σ򣬾ͻ©Ͽɳ֮ˣֻάԭ󣬲ϵĵ֮ɫҲ̫Ũն߲ر̣
һֳɳϵ۾ûһԽˣֻǹͷߣǡߡұֻ롱ȥ
ʱâ䣬ɳ
ǰƴɱ棬Ӳǰôˣƿһɱ裬߰Խգ֮䣬ʧһ룬ʧһٶ
һɳƴɱУľԽľΪȣҲ˵һÿһԽˣͻһˣ֮ȥ
ڣԽʧһĴȥԽذɣңӻ֣ʱļгϵˣԾӵָԽԽˣ֮ǰǰʧҲûٳ֡
ľȴǺʹָۣĽһѡôһ
ʧԽԽĿһݣɫٶԽеĸ֣нΪǿߣͻڿն̤նҪɱҳڵΣԽתΣΪΪģǷΪʤ
һ֣ڳϿȴǡ̧ͷҪˣȵúãͷָͷ
ʱ̤ڿеļԽʬ׷룬֫ϱ۰ѪĴɽ
ͺʵûͷǰ㣻ʧȥǿߵԽˣҲסĹɱ̶ʱ֮Խͱɱ˸ƬײɳгֳʬǧĻ档
ʱһ̾ϢٴЩɽЩǴʿԽʿȫʧǰȻǸɳֻ̣ʱɳ֮УҲɫĵӰֻɫġ
϶棬ŵĻǸӣӣû֮ǰǰ̬۾ֱڳϣҪϸһϵΧΧһˣƷ˱С
Χ˿ųϵ񣬸֣񿴴ûмĹһ㣬ãȺ֮бһʦȻˣôܣ
ʦţڲ֮У̫죬ɶЩʿ˵Ǽֱ׹߼߽ͶأǣĴڣȻˡ
ƷǿųϵĿ͵һĺ壡
ӣȻ㡭Ұ˵ûֱǻˡӡ֪ϸҰľȣûоӹ԰ǫ˵ʦֻ̧ǽҶѡ
ҰҡҡͷӮ˾Ӯˣ˾ˣûʲôʧԡ
Ұ̹ȻʧܣӿٺøУղ˵ģȷȷʵʵǴʵͻȻǶͨеĹϵֻڵһν֮Уϵһǧʿͱɱ˸ɸɾҲ˸һͿ
Ұ˵ӣһЩ𣿡
ʦʡ
ܶ𣿡
ҡҡͷҰʷӼǣص١
ǵһս
ǣǵǹƥƴɱڶǵһأǧ£Ҳǽ佻嵶졣
ǵһνɳ̰ݣ
ǵġ
ĿƵɳϣźܴȤﻹܽɳ̱ǰʵɳ̣һƷ׵ķˣֻǲ֪ԭƣܽգõƴɱ֮УһŴƣһɱС
ҰϵһһΧҲһһؾܣһ֣ôܽʦܣѵڵžôֵǮ
ҰȴûлɣۿųһһϤĻҰ˼˰Σ˵ϣⳡԣҲһŵĳɼ
ллʦ
лĲңԼ
ҰĻ£Ա˾ϣÿһŲԳɼţǴδй飬ܳΪǧ˽ˡ
ƷĿȴڰĳﻹţһ˳˼ȤˣһеĶңһǰϣԳɼȫţûܵУʤʦǾԵ˲ţһҪշܹеĶҲշǾ͸ˣֻҪӲˡ
ɢȥɡҰ˻˴𾪣˳ȥϸҰ˵ϣһ£


746 ±
ȥֻʣҰϡ
ҰЦ˵ƺһҲţ
ΪʲôҪţҲЦ˵֪ҰͲη壬һ˵ǳ֪Գϴʱľ߶ȣҲὫϣҲ͸̸Ͻš
Ұһ㶣ص˵ĵҲǣͲýţһûһ쾹Ȼһû飬ûݹɳ̵ϡ
ԳһҰʰ飬ɫ˵ղñܹ죬ȷʵЧ˵һתۣǣı磬ܶЧҲֻһǧ˽˽󽫾
Լ¶˵Ըʦ̻壡
Ұ˵ͷ̸̻ϣֻǱ鳤ʮˣ飬飬ҲͶһЩһЩ򡣡ҰΪϵôҲʮ꣬ȴ֪ϻʮ
ղõķǧ˵ĹģЧǶˣʮˣ˵ĴսӵЧãҲ΢΢ˣϾֲʤ治ȫ֡
һҰ˵ţһţȷǧսƴɱӦ֤սΪߵӦ֤ʮأϰǾǱ·ʮ·Ĵڡ
·뵽Ժһ⣬Լһף·ɲø߽ߵķͣǾʶǳķ
ЩͷԺϵü˼֮ɫҰˣʵϣʲô˵ģ
ʦһЩ˼뷨
˵
ȫҲֲɵġ

ȡÿһսʤǲȫֵʤ𣿡˵㻰Ϊ뵽ƴɱʱ򣬲ÿһζܽһǣһһնȥնһһ˿ڣնһһεѪҺ֮£ܽնɱͬˮδʯׯܣȻǿޱȣһһҲǿ֮ĩ״̬
Ұһ㶣켴ͷ˵òܹ֤ÿһֲ⣬ÿһֲܰ뷨ʵĻսͱһ˵£ȷоڽĴսУ㵽𣿡
ţ˵ߵ״һñ֤ˮνʯ͸֮ǰԷնɱţϵͷʾ̡ܽ
ҰԳԽԽ⣬ԼվøߣҰ͵飬ܽЩãƣϣʤղõģ棡
Ұ˵һ㣬Ϸǳͬõ棬ٴεͷҰ˵˱ΪΪ˧ߣӦöø࣬ǡšʡ¡ϣϱıη粻ս֮
Ͼţ˼š
һúӣϣ㲻ҪԼĲܡ˵ţҰӴָȡһŹŻɫ鼮Ȿ±ԡϣҰ±ԡݵǰ
Щ㶣ȻǰⱾ±ԡļֵԾ˵൱Ǹ߽似ߵļֵһʦ񡭡̫ˡ
⡶±ԡڲֽͬ䵽˵УǾһɽǷֽǱɽȫԼˡ
ʦң
ֱ
ʦңʳһͬ⣬˼ȴȫһһݣһתԼµ˳˵˼һ˵ڶ˵ģ֮Ƿš
ֱ
Ұǻ֣ͬ˵ȥɣ֮ͽһǧ˽Ҵһ٣ϣΪӦеĹף
Ұ溬ŵ˼һ䣬Ǵˡ
˵꣬š±ԡ˿ȥϵһ仰һҲҴ⣬ԵƬ̽˽˵ϵϣٶȣŵҵǰ
棬Щ˿Ŀ⣬ѾȫһˣʲôЦȫģ𾪣Ľо壻㱼ʮȦڵϣѣϴ·͵һϣҲҺٶһΣ
ʱоԾֻΧˣһֿĿ⿴㱼ʮȦҪ㱼һȦŹ񫡣
ϿһۣصûȤ
㡭Ҫȥȴ֮ǰǼǣЦΪеǸ٣ųϹ˵ˣǰðˡ
סҵ𣿡ϵһʺ󣬾ֱǰȴоҪһ㣬ˣôͳ˴ˣ
ţƷ׷Цӣܷ͹⣬ȥһƣ


747 
ƷǧΣҲ뵽ǰϣøɽǧͷһˣͬһˣʱƷǵ۾¶̹ϣһʿӡ
Ʒǵ룬ûӦֻʵʶ𣿡
ҽƷǣгϣ֪ҵ֣Ҳ֪֣ǻʶ𣿡ƷЦ˵ˬ̬
ʵǺȾƣ
Ʒһ㶣켴׳ϵ˼ˬ˵˺Ⱦ֮⣬ʲôҲ̸
߰ɡ
ȻǲܾƷǵ룬ݸ߹Ůӣرһ֮󣬳Ҳ˽һ£ν֪֪ˣܰսʤ
󣬳ϺƷˣһҽСľ¥¥ˣ죬ȫڰԸɽǼ£²Ÿɽʲôͷߣ˷ſ˵ʶɽ˵ȵȡ
ЩۣһƷǣɽһʲôȻôĺ䶯죬ǵÿһط̸
һЩ˼ˡƷǸһۣҲûôϷϲɫʣƹ˼ʶɽأ
йһ֮Ե
ŶϵӦһ
ҲһЩ˼ˡƷǿųϣţ˵ƹģҪż䡣
֣λǺպûһż䡣һƹֺǺǵ˵ҪСѳȥʱһſڱǸż䣬үҪˡ
էʱһЦûЩʱ򡣡һȴһףƷȻŭ𣬾Ȼ˸ż䡣
ƷǻعͷһƤ׾㿡εĹӸվſڣԱ߻һŮӣŮӣǡòõģеҲǴǰ׵ԭ
ү⼸λӡƹǺһӾͱˣǰ˱ĿǰǳĶ֣ɲһ¥ƹǵġ
ƹĻû˵꣬ͱˣѵү˵ĻãȻֻʣв֮⣬ѾʮŨһ˵ţѾǰ粽һ¥ƹ
ү⡭
҆£үȾƣǿ㣬Ҫɫһ䣬ƹȻȥ״ܵؿԵϧûп顣
ҪʿȣǰʱȴһվǰŮװС䣬Сȵòʲô𣿡
ǣҾȫûСٲÿֱү㲻ˡ˵ţѾǰ峡ҪСӵһȥС俴ϴ߷뵶âĺӣЦ֮£Īǻ㾹ȻԳ
ӳ¥ȥȵ
Сһȣң֪˭𣿡
˭СͷŴһ飬˭ﶼʹ
ǡ
СҪȳƷǰһ˵ĶңнġƷǽĿС㣬˵˵Ķ𣿡
ͷߣеǼ£ȻҲŴˣźòҵᣬӽղűչһģȴϰһЦϵĿӳϻйĸо˵治ײ棬ҹһż䣬
Ʒüͷ壬ɲĳԣ켴Цյãֲ֣֣㲻ɣҡҡͷûκ˵ֻȾƵģ˶ѡ
Կ֣֪Ʒǻˣʱ˽һʲôĿģĪΪǸ鱨֯
˻ȻᷴԣһΧԣƹﳤһؽþƺòȥϯ䣬ǰֺٰãƷﰵҪ׳ϵĻ̸Щδ˵ֻȾƣ඼̸
Ŀ⣬ʱʱӳϻΪԴףٿϲͣغȾƣ۾һתƱݵǰʵιʲô֣
ûᣬһƾ
״һŭɫȴûٷүһЦҾһ˵ţһоƱֱϵײȥ
ͻ±䣬ƷǱۻתһ룬ѸվƷվСȻҲվͬʱҲվ
ǾƱۿҪײϳϣ


748 Ʋ˷ѣôȨ
һ佫ҲүеŮˣǻˣ󣬽ϣȡʧϡ
񶾵ţ֮ǰƷ˵ЩʱȻǰһҲ۾ƷǵĲԣûнƷһĳϷ
Ȼ򣬾Ʊϱӻһ϶֮ʱͣ˿У𾪣ȻǱȽϻȽ竵үǣڵҩȵȵ֮£ΪҲųΪղǸƱ̺˳ɵĹΪһ佫ǻֵɣɵ飿
ǣôʵطǰ
֮У˵Ǻö˷ѡ
£ƱȻըը˲䣬о̺ھƱϵܣƵһɶţоˮΪһƬˮɲϣһ˿ʣ˽ȥ

һУʶԼһ¶ûУŭڵس嵽ؿϣٿĿ⣬ԾĿ˱֮ɫǹŭֱݺݵضųϣһ仰û˵ȴţñү˴ĳ󣬱үô׷ŹģȥүҪն˫˫ţ˫ۣͷôһֱߵػȥ
ţ
һݻȻȥŭȫÿһϸȫȻ˾ΪЩȫûΣá
ȴͬʲô¶ûһ㣬ǶžƱһһţƷ۾еʢһĨ⣬Ȼ֮۵ף⣬Ҫġ
ղһ֣ȷЩ𾪣ȲԳȫţΪ𾪣ǣΪ֮ģΪҪƷǸȤ
֮⣬иĿģЩľɲô򵥣
˳һۣת˳ȥ
棬ڶ˵ţҶǸˣһһܷŹҵסĵطҪ棬үͺú档
˵꣬˳вЩˣϽӭȥ
żƷǴЩµ˵֣ܻд鷳µģ׷Ź㡣󣬲ȳϻشֱǸ˵ҲңҷҪȾƣͲᷢ¶ˡ
óĬȾƣ
֣ҪһݣȨƺܴͶ£Բ¶Ʒ׳֦˵ԼĿġ
һƣȨж󣿡
µ֣ǰһĴڣһܲһƬ
ȨƹȻƴ󡣡
ǳֵ˼ǡƷ仹ЦţȴĪʧ䣬ΪˣҲ̫׵õˣƷǽ˵꣬Ѿ˵һˡ
ϵǲƷ룬ǣʲôд۶ʲôкøҪڵϣҪƷǵĵߴʱܷãƷ⻰ʧһ¾ʧӰ٣ҲŴˣƷеĵλָһ㡣
Ʒȴܳʹ˵֣İΣ
Ҳҡ˵ţһƣһˣллյƣһˡ
˵꣬Ϻԥ˳ȥƷæ֣һ̰ɡ
á
ϲӣ󵹵ᣬٶȴǺܿ죬գۼ䣬߳ˡ¥ʧƷǵҰƷȵϣǸˣϣȥȻǾһ˼ˡ
߳¥ϱڸٶȣɢʮߵһƫƧưɫʮ߾ͻΪһ̻ңڿƮ
£ʱģصƬʱ֮󣬳Ͻ飬й죬ȴʵشȻϣҪֲͨһźҪӡ
󣬳ϸʲô£ʹʣҲʵ£ϴ˾٣Ҫõؿ
ȻϿá׽סǣһںۼƳΣ˵һͲֵʩչ
ʱ˿̣¶ˣҹɫʣĳһȵǸˣۣǣҪǶԽû˵ش
ǣ߽ʣҹ
ڴеٵˣôûлңȥүңҵСӣүͣǽǾߣҲҪҵǸˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϳǣһζ̶̵ľ룡


749 
թ
ߣӣ
ܶʾ֮ܣöʾ֮ãʾ֮ԶԶʾ֮֮Ҷȡ֮ʵ֮ǿ֮ŭ֮֮֮׶֮
ԼĽҪս϶һ֮λٽڴ죬⿿һСֶΣԶԶģˣ϶±ԡú棬š±ԡһ仰ֻ⼸䣬˼
ֻҫ
Ͻ仰ı֮׽֮뵽һҪ⣬ڽɳУҴսƴɱ֮Ȼߵƴɱʤһǧ̣ɴ˿ɼ֮䣬л֮ͨʣͬĵҲָƴɱɵϵЧ
ѹթߣӣ飬߶ννѹթʵ֮ʵ֮𣿾൱ڽֹ֮ʱʵۣпΪΪʵƣ飻˲Уʵ
ٵͷ±ԡȥ֮Уʮţ
սϵƴɱУϣȡ֮ȡ֮𣿻û٣ҪӣⷴΪԹ𣿻յ룬֮ƶھ𣿡
ÿһ֮Ҫ϶͸ٽƴɱ֮УģϷ֣⡶±ԡܹƴɱ֮УܹҲкܴİ
һԻԻ죬ԻأԻԻ
֮ǰ֮ϣĪһƬ⣬䣬˷׵磬֮棬ɻЩ֮𣿡
ϲ⣬ͷ׽±ԡϣܴӱ֮Уһʲôϡ±ԡҰ֪ϴս֮񣬽ϵɹ̥
˼֮ʱҫ͵رһƻ̧ͷֱ㶿ţƺɵأԽҪоȼʱƿն˳ȥϷ
Ϸ֮Է
ִԲ򣬽ɱ¾֮£
ԣޱȵش˸ոǱе߽ʶ߽һȫûϵǾȻǱˡ
켴ԾУƷνϰΧм䣬һߺȵˣ㣡
˭ģ
û˻ش⣬ȴ˺ȵףʵʵһԽûǽһ·Ȼǲˡ
ԭǣЩˣ뵱Сɽͷһˣɱʱӿˮ죬״̬ʵһɶΪŵӵİΣѡ壬նɱɴʱȡôĻʵѾָųֻ࣬ҪĲ𣬳ţܻŵӵȫ
ԣˣϷ㲻ˡ
߽ʷӦ治һĿ죬ϵĻû˵꣬ɱϣһ򳯵ȥֱŵӵסլ
ɽסңȥʵʵĿģǣסҵľʹ֮£ƴɱвϳʧ󣬽ҾٵľﵽĿġӶǱԡƴɱһ֮Ϸ򣬾ͷΪ
£ϼɱСʱ߽ʶڳϵĹΧһ߽ʵʱһԭĽɱ
߽ʴ󾪣Ǿ֮ɫȴţⲻ𣿡˵ţȴҲûϷֺߡһʩչӰ˲Ϣ֮㵽ǰ
ǰͻȻһˣ߽ӿ֮УֻӣӶûתȥѾһʽȭ䵽֮ϡ
飡
ҪעߣͱǧѪ֮飬һ˲䣬ЩƮѪ飬ûнӴأԶѳĩ
ʣ߽ʣȻɵˡ
ʵڲ֮䣬£˭Ҳǿѹһˣڣǵͬ飬ȴˣһȭûҷ
رõģֻȭͷ
һĻĳʼ
㲡ҪԺǾ֮ԣǧԪڤټʧ֮䣬ǲһʱԪڤٿʼǵΪ
ɽһսԪڤٵűԽǿĳϴΪǿ֮⣬ϻС˳ȥ
ɲǼ䣬߽ʣʬת䣡


750 ˭˵Ҫӣ
߽ʵǿߣȷһ߸ϵĴڣ
ʹ߽Ϯɱ֮£϶ӦֵĽֻ֣ϧ߽ʣ˳ϣڶ֮ʱϾնɱ߽ʡ
񣬸ǲڻ£
߽ɱжüһˣԪڤסˣп־ױȣǵΪѾشӸ߽ʵнʣٵʣٶȣҪ˶ãҪΪ
Ϊ˵һУ񻨷Ѽ깦򣬲޵Ϊת֮䣬ͬĭΪλӰββ壿
ʱԤϵıһ浹ɱ
ȻʱľҲһ浹ɱ˫ȴת䣬ǳ˱ɱߣǵȻǲҵرնɱ뷴ȴãֻһܾ˵İ취Ա
𣬳𣡡
ʱ˵ɱûˣھ̲֪֮ʱӰѾǰһ̽ԪˣԵﴦ
ţϮ壬ΪѪʣ޼ĿʬΪҽ
նɱ߽ʣֻ˳Ƭʱ䣬ϿԪڤ٣ȻǳظоԪڤĴһ䣺һ죬Ԫڤܹ׵Ϊգ֮һɶΪһˣʱҲųƵ֮ɣ
һ֮󣬳׼뷿УͻȻоһϤϢ۾ϬĿ⣬֮Уģȫɱ
ǹϢϷǳϤƵǿ̹ģ
û˿ԥתšߡϤϢ̤ձȥҪսǧ֮⣬Ȼڴ˴սŵӱᱻ
ҪץõһȴûᣬţղŵѪɱ¾һٴģղģҲһʱ֮ڣֺһʱ䣬㹻ϽǱ߽
ɽ𻢣֣ҾͲ𻢣ɱϳĳ򣬿һۣһ䡣
ڳ̤նȥ֮ʱ˿ƣ飬ڲһӵʱȫѣº͵飬ħžţ߽ʣһӲȫɱɽˣǺεΪۣнۣ߸ߣ
ʱЩ⵱ɽΪʲôҪʩչǰƣ̶̵ľ֮˵Ŀ⣬һμᶨ˭ΪжߣǶԽûõ֣ʲУ͵ˣʱ֮ڣǿȴǡ
ݺݵ꣬ͻȻ뵽鱨æ˵ٶȣȥܿƹ뵽
ͬʱڸۡõõֵĶЩ£ŭţȫǷүˣǸһˣǶǻܸʲô֮ǰȺˣȥˣΪʲôûлүȥѰңֱҵΪֹͬʱٸүǸ˾档
ǣү
£һӵ֮оۣϣ˵ôۣûһ
һ䣬ûзϣֽע˳ϣ˵еĶƹŵĵӣѾһǧ˵ĽһصıŮˣүһܷŹиˣҪ
һߣϲϢϢһɢȥʱϤǹϢ;Ҳ϶𣺡СȻ㡣
ϳɣ̫ˣҲ̫ˡϱ˵ţȥڻУϳɺȵ۶٣㶼ӲһϷԩ꣡

Цʲô
Ц̫Բ
Բɣƣѵ˱ϷɱƬײʱ𣿡
ϳɣ㿴ׯ𣿡
󵨣ʦ֮ܺȽУ
ҶҽУοׯܣ
ϳɷŭ֣޲һϧҪ׷ϳϣȴҪһЩʱ䣬Ц˵ׯֻȣնģׯֱֻۣģׯܶҲҪҵϳɣƾ㣬ָ𣿡
˵仰ʱﻹţǱеĹΪϰɡ
ϳȻȵܣʦǺεһֻСܴģǿߣͳ˵꣡
һ仰ׯܻȥôӽ͵ˣȻһЦҲ֮УЦԭׯһҵСˣֲô
̫ˣƣڿ˵ʦ򲻹㣬Ϸ׷ɱ㣬ʲôӣϳɱϼŭȼգĻ䣬㿴ͣˡ
˵˭˵Ҫˣ


751 ʿյĿ࿴
˭˵Ҫˣ
ȻֹɭһʣڵУ޾ս⣬һϴӱյʩչΪʱѾĴڵһ㣬ǳһ·ϻġ
˿̣нֺҪתȻԲһľأ
ģǳ֮Ѫ̺š⡱Ѫ
ϳɻ汻ʵһͣ켴ŭȣȻͣˣ׼ܡɣ
ϳ³ʱ͵³һѪ
ţ˺նһźƴܣϯһƬأ
ԥأϽ֮˳ȥϮϳɣ
ͬʱҲ紩֮ʯϮϳɣ
һεġڱĹ԰ׯɱս֮ʱġͬɱ֮⣬ھ磡
ƿյɲǣϳɱоԾ²ܱ֮һΣֹǿʮòԾǣƣȻ֣
˵ʲô
ϳɼԾȥϳɵȻҵʹϢѪɱйƥ磬ֻһ֮䣬һ뱻ɱøɸɾ
磬ϷоϷ
ϳɾʧ룬Ȼڴˣţǣ飬ȫ¶ϳɵׯܱҪϼȻֵסϵġڼɱš
մչȥϳɵҪ˶ʱ䣬ȫ֮һգûϳɣһսɣǡ
Ϊߣ
ϳҲ־ƣȫã첻ɰӰ죬ϳɻоܣԽԽǿ
ϾǣǸƴģɢľļ֮ܵУͿҪ֣ϳһжʱһ취Բ۵Ϊ֮׽к
ȻϳҲʩչһУ
һ֣ǳɱУɱУȫȻƴʽɱ
ϳûϵģ
ģҲǷϱĳ䲻ɣ
ϳһɲʱ䣬ηǧֱаɳ޹ˣɽͣն䣬̺ҵı֮ƿ籩ֱϮϵУһʹУϷûоȫһأúóϷ
û˵ʿգĿ࿴𣿺οǱĻֹգɽϣׯһУѪģ㣬ʲô
ϼ˵ʵģͬʱֽһһɽ磬ûһõøɾʣн֮һ
䡭
޹ײУ̻𣬽һƬյĺҹȾɱȽ֮»Ҫ۵İ磬ըף˷ȥǣڲһ
ײ·һִĿӶ˲֡
ϳɶۿȥȴɫȻ䣬˴䶯ĳɱУȻûнǸиɢȻǸбСˣ䵭ˣȻɢһľսܡ
һĻϳظֳǰ˵ĻвܿƵ뵽ѵ˵öģʦ˵ôأǰΪ
̾Ϣţ㹻ǿ֣ܽһǴɱУȫɣΪãЩϧ֣֪һܹﵽǿ֣һս𣿡
ʣҡҡͷ켴ӼᶨҪǿرǿǿ
ϳɻڲţʱ͵³Ѫ̤ڿеҲǲȣֱҪ䣬ȴȫɱɾˣһ˿档
ϳɫ԰ףһƬɫӿǧ𾪡־塢µȵȵĸӶϳɲǴԲ۾ǿߣ֪һߣԥؽָЯķȫȥղǼΣһƷ׾;Բ͵ķϵĴָϳҲϧأһ˳ȥ
һƿҩ
ʮһЩ£ڰ֮ʱϳɺȳˡ֣ͬһ˲䣬ƿҩһԶ
һ˲䣬ϳɵĶӲƴȥ
ϳɺȳ֮ʱϿУͬȳһ֣
ʮƷ׼ߵķͬʱըҵֲصܣԷȥҪԷ𣻲˲֮еܣըܸѹסвܣϳӿȥ
ϳв֮УŨӵø졣
ϼ״ȵϳɣˣ°ɣӲ˵ģ


752 ڣڱ㵽
ϳˡ
šӱ𣬰Ҳδƴˡ
ϳǰ㾳֮£ȷǷˣǻͨߣֻŵøˣﻹʮԱϺҩӡ
жϵĺܾȷӦҲݣǵ͹еǿ
Ϯȥϳɵĺ󱳡
ʱȦ¡֮ȵȣȫٵó׵ףϳɺƤѪĽϳѪ±ϻʯ飬ֱȥ
ǹ治ͬ죬ޱȣһǵӴ磬ҲòʩչˡţԺָˮ׵ģһָоˮײδɢҪȻһνþǴӺζңʵӣҲǿ
һϽ䰴ĵףպȥĥ켴ϸϳϷ˵ϳɣ˵Ӳ˵ġ
㡭
ϳŭȴʲôҲ
֮ǰû䵽㾳ɣ
ϵһѰѷĵӣϳɵһֱΪıǣֻҪҵƣܽնɱϵãȴǱ˼һдڳ
㻹ţׯܵǽն𣿡
ܣϷΪ಻ʶѣôңôʦ壡ϳĺ׼ȷŵҲ֣֮ܳڴ졢롢Խɱùۣ
ȴҡͷЦ˵ˣɱ㣬ȡԪ֮ұнˡ
ȡϷԪˣûŶϳɷɱĺУо׵ķŭϷԸԱҲóѡţϳɻ̷ͣŵҩ
ϼ״ЦûõģԶٵҩûõģԶ٣ұ٣
𣿡
Цһ£Ҫն£ȴоǿ⴦׸ղŵĺ䶯ЩˣȻЩǰĿϬȵȫϷȥ˭ǰ벽
̺޾ɱƷ紫Щ̤ڿеߣһͣĿƮǺǰȥ׷ʲô£ɹѾǵ壬ٸǰȥǲҪˡ
Ϣ֮һȺ˵ͷ񱼣˰벽ڷ
һЩΧ۵ˣϼһϸСߵ羶ֱϳɵϣոȥĵҩֱ֮Ӹûˡ
ʱϲ˵ڣΪûУ
ϳѾɵˣȫ֪˵ʲôˣ罫ϣȫûˣ
㲻˵ҾȡԪˡ
£ϳɣϳͻغȵƣ֮ʲô
ԣһ٣˵ھպ󲻱ңһڵȫ֮Ψܹ뷨
ƣÿܹնɱϷҲһڣʦڣһڱڣ˭Ҳˣο㡭
¶ð죬նˣ͵ˡ

ϳɿЦʦǰһֻ϶㲻ϣʦأھ͵ˡ
ڣھ͵ˡ
̤ǰһٴ£ͬʱƵָȡԪˣһƻ£ϳɱʧӰ١
Ӵ֮ϳ֮
һɽϣׯܶϳɵķѵƣ˫Ѫ죬뵽ƣƣһ㣬ƣϷĲ㣬Ĳ㡭
˰֮ׯ侲ȴľѣѾܽԲǿնɱٹһʱ䣬ǲҲնɱϷǿߣ
ͷׯܸϽģȫǲͬ磬ԪĶǿɲ׾ܿĺ蹵
Ȼׯ˵ⷬʱԺȴġɱ򡱶ǸĻ棬Ӳˣתͷĳһʦ֣ʱܳأ
ׯ֮ʱѾһһɽ
ǣأǱȥԪˣԺűŸղŵƴɱ棬Ѱͬڵ㣬֮󣬳ҵ󹥻һлõأҵĴΣˣøԼһƣһɱС
֪ǡܲٻָָܹҲһɱУֻһҪҵݣ
ֻϧɽ㾭ҲȻҽյ֪ܴﵽ̶ֳȣɱУ裬һַȥأ

ţԪ˱ԲΪǿߣԪ˹ͬһ㣬ʵȫָ˵ΪȻнʡ
һϸϸ֮󣬼±ԡʱ䲻ˣ뾡ھлһλô׽֮Գص֮ʱ컹ܻЩ
˸
ҳһڳǰģǡ±ԡ֮ƪ


753 ˲
նɱϳֳĶеߣˣҹʱ֣֮ʱը캳أҲ磬ߣ˯ȡֵߣȫڽֵۼھ¥̻֮أ̸ըô¶
ǣû˳ȥ
һһڻ㱨ˣС˻ûпǸǿ߱㽫Ǻˣ˵ٸǰ벽Ҫǵ
һüͷʵ˵ΪΣ
Ϊ
ǿߣôǿǲԶĵطսżȻǡţԺȴĳһͷѵô̵ʱնɱ߽ʣǿߵֱʡ
뵽⣬˵ɫˣǿߣ¶Щ֣ǺãǶԽûҪץ֡
һ˼֮ʵܿƹûе𣿡
£㴫磬濴ˣû˼ôأҪȻҲ硭
˵ţ֨һſˣܿ˽
òܿǱƷǡ
ţٿƷǵòЦСãøʿĴ磬ֻҪֱһ죡
ܿһͷ˵Ϊ̫ˣģҲžû˼ԣųû͵ܳ˵꣬ܿǰ˵磬ôʹһжǣ
û˵΢˽Ҫ󷽣ôһ״еףܸõǰɱУ˵ôȻܿЦȻСþͲŸ΢˽ˣȻǿɾˡ
ܿƱ˵űȥһЦܿƿҪߵſʱ˲˵СãӪ𣿡
˻һܿƶʱͣסӣת˵磬˸ң
ǽ˱㣬˵ϢҪǴȥʵĶʲôĺ
磬ֻѣġܿ˻˵Ǿ͵ÿôΪˣ
ߣŻҡܿһߣȥӪˣһսǲ棬Ϊ㣬Ϊ˴죬Ϊǻʸ壬ƾʲôֻеĲܵŮľͲܣ±ԡҿٱ飬
һ㶣켴ЦŶ֪СΪʲô
ȥ˲ţ
˲ţ㶣Цŵ絽𣿡
ȻҲ˭һأܿһϣϲ˵ھӪСһгϵ˲ţĺ˲á
ô˲÷
ǱɼһΪţ
ֹģеǡ
ϲһܿЩˣ˵ãԸ˵ãҰĶ֣ʰ·磡
ģ
ЩˣܿƵȻģѾȷǧ˽ˡֽܿڡ¥һж˵˳Ȥ󣬡ϻһ˲š
ܽշ¿϶һԱ󽫣
üһ˼˵ãΪǧ˽֮ʱұǰȥ¾ģæʵеڶأ
ڶ˵ЩѰ졣
˭
Ķңɽˡ

˾ף켴Ц
磬Цʲô
˰֣˵ΪʲôѰأ
ܿһƲ죬ָȭѰҲʱģҲӲҵģ
棿
Ȼǵ棬Ҹĵܿͣһ£üͷƳ֣æҸһζҩƲġ

治һζҩ𣿡
۾һ
ҵ֮أҾа취ˣԹԳˡܿ˵úţڼ㣬֮˵СãҪܸ㶨ˣǵһУҶûпұҪʱ򣬻һ
⻹࣬ҲһܿȻ˵ţ۾ﻹ˿˿ɣʵʲôо
˵壬ܿ˵⼸֣һתۣҽշ֮󣬾һжˡ
Ǹף³ˡ
ллˣû¶С͸ˣܿƻæ뿪
˶ЩƽСһ㣬ܳ¶⣬Ǹҵݣ㽫շдá
ʲôã
й©СãСĵ㣬Ǹĸ
˵ˣˡ
ܿ˳ȥϵ飬ʧ벻ܿذ˱ôæҪúõزһǣӲˡ
ߵıϲ֪ȫ˼Ѿݽһһ


754 Ҫ
ܿǸı֮ʱҲڲ鵽ǸɨӣҪŮ˵˵Ϣţϣȫţʦܣǧ˽
͵𣬡ǧ˽ү㵱ɣ
շ쭣͵ڵأѪģ˼£ûһۣȴŮ˶Ҫ׵ֱۣȻһƬѪ죬ڵѪҪһ
ʱж˿־壬е˰˰үҪˣ˰Žţ˹ȥȴŻġ
˵ԣǼҲ˳ȥˣ˽ģҲһæȥΪ˵үˡ
ʱɹҳһţе˶ΧתǶӣ¼ΨһĹ⣬ĺ󱳣Ԫڣž
ĸ壬һ߿޸ͣﻹݶţҵĶ˭㣬Ҫ֪ﶨΪȫҡ
˰칦ɫ֮ʱ˹ϵѪ״̬Ҳʧ٣ȴǸ˸ķ˴ԪûϢֽ̣ؿĶӣ彫ϡ˺һ֮ʵ˭Ūģ
һ㶣˵û˭ɡûָճڣ˻ȥԺֳ︡ϵݣת˵һгϵˣҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣ˺һƣȻ󣬺ͱˡҪ¶ƣʹŭӶסϱΪǧ˽
ȴϣǡš
͵̤˵øϣҺҶӣҪݻ֮ʵʲôˣ
һӰˣһ䣬Ž˵˳ȴҲûнϽҰܵǼ¶˵˵꣬˵ǧ˽Ҷӻǧ˽ܣҶҪ
ְο˵ģڣﶨ㱨𣡡һ˼һߣڲгΪǧ˽ģɲһˣߣΪղڸʱоĪǹûбɢ
ţѾүҪǶӣ㻹ԥʲô˵ţ߸˸ɫ⣬ͣؿæǰ˵үһһӲɣ˵ǻûбΪǧ˽޷Ϊǧ˽ʱ˵㣿
˿ŶӵĲ״ڵͷ˵ãӳ̱Һ˴˳ȥԳȥ赲һǧ˽⣬Ҫһıġ
ͬʱԳ󷨣͸ÿһսÿһ󷨣ٽɱ󡢴֮תӦ֤šоɱ󡱣ĥǷпڲó
֮ʱϲŽ±ԡսָͻ뵽ʲô˹˵һʧİ취ŰҸȥסܳκβأ
ǡ
оºЩѶȣȴûаԥӦߺ󣬳ϲûӪȥŵӣȫټ
Ƭʱ䣬õһŵӱһãûкš֣ȴػһ𾴳ݣԴЩȵԱǵĿУռĵλ
ûжԣֻ׼ò似͵ȻÿһҲͳ˽ʮ似͸˵
ȻЩ似Ʒ׶͵ҲƷ֮һȫ鹦ڳǰġڳԺڡҲҺЩ񷨱ܹԱܣҪȻҲ类Աˡ
ϻаٱ䡷ĵһ㴫ȥøǵõˡаٱ䡷ڶΪһ㱣գϵڻ֪ЩΪʲôǵҪ֡
ŵõʺ似˷ܵͬʱӿˣ֮󣬳Լѡ񣬾Űһֱһһ𣬻ʱֿһʱ䣬Ǳ߼ƻɹ֮ٽǾһ
û𰸣ȿһ죬ĿǣΪǵİΣ룬ǹɰǾ衣
󣬳ϢǱ£ǿƫƧȥָֻ֮ڲԳϵòǲԳȥ
ʱԳѾӳΧﴳȣ˭ǳϣ
ˣԳ


755 ǿ
ҳ˲֮࣬ûȥ£Ը˲ӣźţӪĸˣ˳Щ׼ԺЩͨԵˣȫһΧۣ󲿷˶ϡֵĺ壬ҲΪˣܶ˶о쳣ȡ
Ҳ֮ˣǳҳϵ鷳ִΪޣ
ʱ䣬бĸ˵˽˳һˣҰ˽ǰʵˣǺ磬ҴΧ֪ʲô𣿡
˽ûбסԣ֪ʲôˣ
ռҪǧ˽
ǧ˽ߣ򱾳ٱǱļϸ˽ǵãȻһϸΪǧ˽˿һñӣһҪϴ÷ӡ
˽ţҲд󾪣ǱϸΪǧ˽϶Ҫǣᱻ˽Ҳûоʹ˱סһת󣬷ʵ֤ݣ
˾ʹһˣȻȵ֤˸ձڵϣߵͷѣﻹ˵ˣС֪Ķ˵ˣһɣһɡ
ȫ֪һУȫʵ
ǡȫм㣬ټ˵Ǳţⱻɵľи߲㣬Ȼ۸죬ϵĵһĿ꣬ǳΪһǧ˽
ȫϲ˵һͨ˵֮һӣȵȥܡҪԵ˽쭣֮ȵ˽Ͻ
ͻأȺһȣ£Ʒ˳ǰ˺ȵ˭Ʒһм˭ûʸ֪
ʲôͳ˵һ£˵άų˵磬ƽݵƷǣɫͻޱȷŭ˵ʣȻһʵת䣬ϣƷתͷؿ۸ղ˵ˣţ
ʲôٿӽ۾ڳȻ֪غţСҪ˵ʲôȴƷǺס˺ؾòҪ˼֮䣬ȴˣˡ
ȺԶɢƷֹͣʣתӣһָϣŭ𣺡ӳ壬ϸ£ϻδţȻԹԵţһֻ
˽ֹҰֹӳ˳Ҫץסϵ˲䣬ϵӰȴʧ۾һﴫһҽС
ΧæתͷҽȴָղŶƷǴǸˣֱֻ۱ϣұ߻һѪˣȴǻûü
ϣ컯֮£㾹ȻҴ񣬿ıϸˡ˺غţȴž֮УΪղҲûпµġ
һᣬûд𻰣ֻǻһȭ˼֣ŭʢֱľյһɶȵСС佫Ҳڱǰ񣡡
ţ˱ҪԾգһıŹ⻪һ룬ʱ֣±ʹԹȥ̸ۣ˵𣬿϶Ҳ˵նһϸ
Ȼ˸֪Ʒǵ֡
֪ϵʵֲӣ
һССϲö֣ܽɱҽûôףֻһƶ˻δȫԾն֮ʱץס˵˫ȡ
ţ˫һ֡
˵˫ȾͱϣڵϣҳһƬѪΧˣȫһ־ľ˽ҰҲûϵ־û뵽һжס
ҰõϣٿϣһĨɣԭϻʵɱһɲһС¶ҪԮˡ
Ʒ۾Ҳõġ
ûһˣͷĿϣ֮УͬʱϿ϶֮أͻظоĿⶢ̧ͷһϣûɵأһУ̱ڵء
󣬳ϲƷǣ˵ǻҺȾ֮顣
Ʒ۾һϬ֪ɱʲô𣿡
֪
ƷЩ⣬ʵ㲻£
ʲô
ɱǳϻűϸĻɣ£ǲءƷµ˵
⣬ͻЦˡ
ƷǲһͣΪûмЦЦʲô
㣬ҿų֣ѵͲ׼ң϶Ʒ˵Ʒüƣ㶼֪Щʲô


756 ɱ
㶼֪ЩʲôƷǵȷǿ˳˲ţǣ֪һЩ֪ĶƷǶԳϵĸоɾȫһ
ϲÿɷ˵ʲôֱ֪㲻ͨˡ϶һ£ϰʹѵˣ٣λãҪ߶ˡ
һԣƷвǽپȥԳϸͣϵһۣȴҲǹ˵ģţ˻ɣ糨˵ңԼеĵλպж˺ǸƷʲôʱ֪¼ңˡ
ԣϲȥ뱣ʲôڲ鱨һ࣬Ȼ֣˳Ϊһ̨ף
ʱ˺ӳ壬ʲôϽϸ£ӳƣǰűڳſڸݺݵһѣ죬Ҫ̡
ӳԥţֳ˽˽ҪӱϸϷƴһҲҪ浽ʵǰ
˽ûпڣ˱˵ûлᣬĲܿҪ㣬¼ң壡
Ļ˵꣬ס֪Ǻã仰вʵ
ȴĿֱȫո˵Ļһֲ©˵һ飬òҪ˵©һ֣Щ֣İ㣬صõҡҡ
ȫ˵ţֿڵϰˣ˵ĻΧľƣһͻع£޵ЩС˵ģȫָˣ˵˵ģ֮ǰҴӲ֪ӡ
ȫһѪ֪ˣûϵƻ˷չȫϣ˿̣ų޾ڡ
ʱȺԶֿ߽һˣͷģǸˣҰʱ۾ͻس֮ɫʱ΢΢¹ǽĿڳϣû˵ʲôƷǱָǸûü˵ˣʲô䵱ҵӡ
ţƷָˣǳҪɱң
˵Ŀâ
Ʒǻָų˵ǳϣ֡
ãܺãܺá
ǰȥȴһ֣˵һߣ΢΢ָǸ˸ңƱնǧһ
ҰƷǣոǷȻƷǵǺε֣ٿϣû뵽Сӣһ˴ĴˡţҰһԤУպĳɾͣԺܾˡ
һȺˣˣʱ֮󣬵˽һƳ˾ӪľˣӳһʿҲȫţ˽Щȥ
߳濴˵ȥôʱ䣬ϵôûнǸӴ
˵żǣ죬Ī˵ǳϻûбΪǧ˽ǷˣҪͱ
ȱɱĥĥ˵仰ʱԺѾһаļƻֶԶ˵ǧУǰʬôĥС
˵ţĴţһ߿ˣһ±ϲ˵ϵˣҵúú룬ҪĥǸӡ
˳ȥȥûп˵Ӱֻһֻֻ̹ǵľǹоԾʵҵأҪʲô
ѾˣǷ¼ң
ܣҵǳôһðġ
Ǵ󽫾ҲҪ˽һƣĴ˱ƻȥɱ˵ɱˣ鳭Ĳ鳭
ҲˣǰĻ棬ɫˢز԰ףȫ֪룬ֻǲͣкˣšܡȫȻûһҵıӴġ
֣Ϊǧ˽һյľУѡһǧˣ֮⣬˻ﰵԳϱʾз֮⣬Ҳ˵˲ٻû
Ҳûϣ˵һ䡰շ֮󣬴ȥϿȥıӰɱϳ˸ЩΪʾˣϵ϶Ҫģˣ
֣ϲΪǧ˽ȥףףΣƷߵǰ˵ϿƷǣƷ˵Ĺϵ˵ţãͣ
ϻҰҰ²⵽ƷǵݣƷûпڣȻǱܶԶ֮Ҳ䴦ǿֻƷǶˣȥ
Ϊǧ˽֮ʱԽͻ߸߼죬̶ʱ֮ڣ㱻˴ɱʮ𶯣սһ
ɳһѾһɽʼΪ׼


757 ţ
ҹڡ˺ü̳Ӿƺ󣬵ƷסĿջ䣬ƷһֱųϵϢҲǰǱƵϢ͸¶˲١
˷ֿƷǻصԼķʱɢ˵ϻ湻ƻģ˵˵һѣɸûʲôãʲô֪һɽ֪ǿ߽ϰ䡭
С㣬ϻ᲻ǱϸС䵣ǵƷ룬˵ӦòᣬǱϸôߵˣѾӲҵˣеˣҪעע⣬֪ûݵٵȵȿҪǻҲһ
Ʒ˯֮ʱϢϢǱضȥûоǸһֱػƷǼųϵǿߣΪϻڷ
صУϵԸһЩɿ֮ˣǰȥξ⣬Щ˵֣ҪܣǾܣ׾˲
֮󣬳ֽŵӾۼһǿһĽΣ֮˼֮Ըɢ
Ͻȫɨһ飬ʵǿˣ
ţǿˡ˵˵͵ţɢǵĿ겻ôһڻ뽫һ򾡣;ٴΣҲø԰лʱʵ϶ڴϺܶࡣ
˵õģ⣬ܿǾٴ
ţһ顣˵
˵
ҾãǶʱ֮ڣòҪۼһ𡣡

Ѿʺϵ似Ҫ뽫߰˳ɣҲҪܳһʱ䣬ټϣҪԻҲҪʱ䡭
ǻ㹻ʱ𣿡
ģǻƴġȭͷ˵ŵ˵ģ
˼ܲȫһ㣬κһʧ˵ǲԭµ£ʦסһӰָԺ
ģǱϾһˣܹԼģǻһ⵱˵ǵаٴȰ˵Ͽһļڣ˵ͷ
ֵף˵ţӻһ󡣡
˵
һúӣܸǷɢȥŴߣʱգضܹΪǿߡСɽͷҲʶ̰֮⣬ڷټ⼸϶ƽв֮кǿң˸ǣᱻ°ߣ˲Ͻ˴ߣһĿģ˷̳ϣϱϾŵˡ
ȴǷ˳֮ǰҲ뽫˴ߣܹػסǽռ䣬һϱ֪ǻߣǾԾ뻢ڣúˡ
ģҲǳǵģüͷţôãζĺȥɣ˾ͽûѰ˾ͽһܱȫסǡ
ͻأ뵽һˣȴԸˣǱѩʦ
ֻǳϲȷǲڰиڣΨһԡ
Եһ£
˵꣬Ӱɳȥչߡһ·񱼣кһξ֮󣬳Ϻڣһ󡣡
ϻ䣬а֮ĵطһӰ˵ħʦһûоʦűܵĵִͷУǣİбЩж
ڳϴ˿񱼵·ϣûг֣Σգ϶
ӣʲô£
Ͽ˵չˡ
áûһƴǡ
ϵ촽£䶯֣лл˵꣬ϱҪߣﺰӣһ¡
ʲô£ֹסӡ
˵ӣ֪кܶʣҲԹޣҲ֪һΪʲô
Ϊʲô
ܽնɱʱҾ͸㡣
ãš˵꣬Ҫߣٴα£ǰĳɳܿ죬㸶ĸ࣬ȫһгɳţһ죬̫ңԶ
Ǵܣնɱǻ𡣡
ԣնɱǻ𡣡ظһ飬˵죬ѾҪڰػ˵Щοһȡ˳ݸϣ£˵ҲûˣҲ£ʹҸôʱ䣬ûһܹȫΪȵȣһһǿ߶Ÿ߽ΪпܷϴɽӵĵңˣҪСһ㣬ӵĵܲ򵥡
ڵӵĵҲǳɣȴûȥ£֪ͷ˵ʦĶӦӡ
Ȼûнӡ
ǲӣ֮£ʹգֱӽ¸ڳǰֵУҼǵ˵ܽԪָһŴ򿪣֪Ǭںδ
һڳȻ󲨣


758 ɳĻԪָ
ʮɽħµѪֻ˵ǬһǬڵʷǬڵɻصȵȣû˵
ˣһֱΪǬĺΪң޸ԴɣһҲǺϡ
֪ͻȻ򿪻Ԫָһţ֪Ǭڵɻأһ仰УظоǻԪָô򵥡
Ȼ򣬻ûеȳеȻƽһ仰ó𾪵˾أ˵ҵǬڵڣҲʦһԸֻϧΪңΪҡ
ǻں֮ɫȴʯûע⵽ʹļףԺֻﻰǱ̨ʣʦһԸҲ˵ʦҲûд򿪻Ԫָһţʦ˵ԪָıôûдأС
̧ͷʵЩ򿪻ԪָķǶԵ𣿡
һͣŵ˵Ҳ֪˵ģĻԪָķѾǿһЩˣΪԪָķӦûӡ
Ԫָķ𣿡Իˡ
ҡҡͷôģҲ֪
ֻ֪û֪ˡתˣս˴ָ߱߻ʹûԪָһĻһĻҪ˵ųõģڣ֮ͬ⣬Ԫָˡ
һδ֣סǰףʹؽɣڰԨ֡εƴɱԪָױȵãػ
ȷʵԪָʵǿҲӣԪΪӵ⣬ζǰѻ뽣ζڴʦ֮ʱȫͷųζΪӣһ磬ܹȫͷ֮乥ȾҲӡ
ǰϴû⣬ɽôһ룬ϲŷ֣Ԫָͺǡܡһڳɳ͵ģҪôǣԪָƷʵ̫ߡ
صУһ֮󣬵ϣǱ߸ȥûʱ䣬ǰϽý˵ϣܼס˵Ļ
ţһġںں˵ּű֤Ƶ˵һػǵġ
лл
϶Թˣ˵Ǻúõģʱһǡ
Ÿ磬ǻŬġ涣ڳתʱһǻغŸ磬أ
ϵͷߡһʩչʧҹɫ֮У￴ųȥķ˵նɱϳɣٹһʱ䣬նɱׯܣնɱӣҲԶˡ
֮Ҳؿһ˼ȥصѩڴĵطӴ˺ǱҲûӰʹֶҪץסˣһ㶼֪ΪȻ档
ٴλصУֽŵȫȫͳȥÿͳȥˣҪ˻
ŵӵ֮󣬳ϻص˿ջûеϢóԪָĥţ˼ΣԪܹУʹ֮ܲҲأɱǹ
˿̣Ҳֻ쿪ΪȵȥԣһС©ټҪĴ£뷨ò֤֮󣬳óˡ±ԡо󷨣ţ˼š
϶ھӪȹѡµһǧˣѡ֮ˣһΪߵģȫǼ֮ϵľйأҪǣΪִŵˣܳɴ˳ѾɳξЩȻǺʵرļ
ϣ϶Ʒסͬһջϻо±ԡƪԽǽӴЩ󷨣ϾԽǸо󷨵ǿҲһ֮ɵĽر
оöˣԺȻȻظʣ֪ЩսǲǴӾۻ󡢴оɱһɱм򻯶ǰζ˵¶󷨲࣬˱ɣռ֮⣬û󷨴ڣеĻִںδ
ЩѾɢڸأʱǷɢȴͬԭ֮𣻶Ȼôˣȴè̫ӡ
°Ȼϴһ
ڶ죬Ͻһǧȫ룬׼ѵʱһϡ


759 ɱо
ʮ𼱵ľǽվʿǰߣ
֮˽ľȴǰƣǰɱɱޱȽ
ĸ߽׽죬ΪжߣиڰбǣΪǿģϾ󲿷ֽ죬ǿ߱Ͳˡ
֮⣬н׽죬ǵͽ׽죬˽ǧ˽ҪôҪôǸûабġ
ȻһֱڷűԽʹðɱֶΣǣȴûϵһɳİɱѡȫΪǿߣ֮ǿʵаɱûвɹġ
ˣЩμǿ䱸ûܷס
֮ǰһЩӣ̬δΪʧĽ٣Щ죬ƾ䣬ɱĽ죬͵شʮˣӵ˼ʮˣҺЩڰɱĽ죬𶼲ôߣ׵֡
ȻЩ𲻸ߵĽ죬ȴǴںҪĻڣսƶȷܵҪȥִаɣΪԽԽԽܻĳͻ֮Уʵ˲١
ԽȻҲн챻ɱǰĵͽ׽챻ɱȴûг֣ľ棬ȴǰеΪ
ƻִȥľʵЩǿһϵĴ֮Уŵ
ǻҪݷʲôʱ򣿡
һۣصˣһ籩֮󣬾ֵϳˡ
䣡

һȺ˷Ҽشš
һʾֹͣȴһƬʱ˵ǳ˰ɱЩеͽ׽֮⣬ҪδİɱһΰɱҪù뱱Ĵӣֱ֮У
˼˵ɱˣ
ǳ壬޵õ鱨ΪߣֻѣˣֻҪб߸ˣͱɣʱʮͷˡʱҴܸ֮ʱλǴܵĿ޾ٻ
£һƬžֱϡ֮ıòϢƽ𶯣
һߣһ½ǧ˽Ҫ̣ϻԸһǧˣѵģҲû˻ᣬҰų϶УƷˣҲǷǵü˳ϵǧ˴˳˵һ䣬Ǹϴġ㱼磬Ҳǧ֮У˳ϵ¡
ǰߵģг֧ǧ˾֮⣬е˽ǧ˴ˣҲ׼ǶҪȥʹϣȻټٸϵǰߣȶסս֣ǰ߳⣬׻ʲôĺ϶ᱻһ˵Щֵǣֺɱ֡
ҲûзŹнǿߣмУ˵нʣ˵Ķ֣˾ãҪסǣܹģǰߵ¶תͷᵽ֡
ڵУھһ֮Ȼִ˲٣ĸɽô˻ᣬǿƵطչȥ
û˺֮ǵĳϣһȻûаִֵڽӵһʱ֮󣬱һǧ³ˣ˽һǧΪȷҲȻܣӳ
߳ԶϵüͷҲ˼ƣҪҪȻǷͬѰǱ¶֣Щ׵õĿǰֱܽ¶
һµһǧûоѵƾҪ֮򲻿ܵ飻һǧµΪ˵ǲģ󲿷ֶ佫֮вΪǿߡ
ţҰζʵڵʲô
³֣ͻ뵽Լʱ䲻ֵص㶼ΪֲأܲھӪŽо·Ͳˡ
뵽üƾȥҪʾϵҰ״Щϲʵͨˣ
ЦŵͷԺڡо뷨ҰҰʦȻһ㣬ʱ͸ཨ飬ѳϵ뷨ʵƶһһо
Ͻһǧ¾£һ´ˡо´֮ʱֲѣĶ࣬ȴû˸ҳԣֻΪ̫ʢͽֽȳ¼һʮʮ٣ٴǧǧҲ֪˶ٱУͳ˾ްĴڡ
˵ˣ滹вŽˡ
ƻִУΥߣܾʮϳӣһȣͷִƻ
гʿ䣬û˸ҷԡ
Сȴҵ˳ϣҪ


760 ѵ
Ʒǽ֦Ҷ߸ϣǽʳܹо֮࣬˵ˣƷǱϷ쳾ģӵģ⡰оļƻһ䲼ƷǾʵûӿˡ
ϿǰˣҰһ߿ųϣֻ³֣УϵȻҪ˵УǸհ¾Υǽô죿
нֹͨУ
Ұ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲôãվ˵ȷܻ˾ɴ˵˵ܾǾǴΪˣҰϻǲ֪˾ʲô֣
Сʱӵ۾в˵ϣһΪˣû뵽ô֪ǲһˣҶ˵УСǧ˽͵ˡ
ֻҪһ컹ǧ˽ֻҪǻҵľҪִУ򣬱㰴죡ϻûһء
㡭
СûҲ˵ˣƷҲ΢΢ŭһŮһȺ˻һѾ󵨵ˣҪһѵѵ֮УӴ
ңСڽǸҲ˳
ϻص벻ңԱ֪
㡭СٴΪ֮ᡣ
϶һ£˵һᣬҪô˳ȥʮ̣֮Ҫôȥһͬʣ
СתͷƷǣƷǻ˼֮Уȴ˵Ϸ쳾Ҫع򣬲ȻʲôȤԣң浽ͷ㲻ÿϧ棬Ҫ浽ףȻ治𣬾ͻĺã
һ˵Ʒд󶯣Ҫ浽ףҾͻȥһôһƷֹҪ˵в֮С䣬˵˵úܶԣòҪײϣùӳԡ
˵꣬Ʒ˻ȥСǲ⣬ȴҲֻøȥϼԶȥ︡˿˿ЦݣҰһԿЩĿ࣬Ұ֪Ʒ˵˽һ߰˷֣֪ϾƷЩĽȻƷǵԸ
һ仰뽫缤
һϵ¾һСɳȴûһԺ֮ɫƷ˻ص֮к󣬳ϵĿ򼸰֮Ľ䡣
ʲôϺղǶƷʲôٶǽŵǿߣͻƿնն
һ֮⣬ûٶתһѵǵѵϿһģһʵϣȴȫһϲ콫ȫԼʩչˡı
⡰ıǳڽнʺġ
϶ԼҪ󣬲ǳܡıô򵥣Ҫǣı֮£ڵϲȳĽӡȺۼܹҪͨһ˿
֮⣬ϻšǬǡǬת̽ŽоɱԼڲãȻϺСģһֻһ㣬һ͸˵󷨲֡
һ죬Ӿȥڳϵǿѹ֮£ǡоѵʮֿ̣ڲ̣һǧ˶ƷǣƷǲŮӣǰԣĻ֮УȻҲһΪ
һƷǷ֣ħѵУΪȻһνˣ⵹ܸƷһЩ⣻ʵȻƷƽʱõĵر࣬ƷǶûнȫãҩȶƷڣһصĴѵǡýЩͷųˣƷǽҲˮˡ
һħѵ˵ûһǧȫ̥ǣʱ䣬ȴҲнֹϺ󹥻Ἧ󹥻һ䣬һ
о֮󣬳ǰԽԽ;ѾԿսĲмսζԽԽŨˡ
һǧڶʱ˾ӵļʽҰҲЩ˶Գÿһṳ̂ۼû⣬ҰֻҲû뵽ʲô
Ұǣѵ֮ͣϢ֮ʱҲûţɳݣϵɳ̰Ҳ죬տʼҰΪȻʤǧ˴սʤ˴ս϶ܽϴܣ
֪һȴսƽ֡
ȵڶ˴սʼ֮ҰȻܱ
ҰųϣǾΪˣرǳڴս֮Уõĺ񲻽Ǳս󣬻һЩĶܶʱ򣬾ǹսء
Ұɳݣǽӡ±ԡģƴɱڵģȫʩչ˳ݽЧȷʵ
ҲӼᶨ˳ϵģᶨ˳Ҫڱ֮Уҵϵĵ㣡
뷨


761 һǧ
ӳΣϲûֹڴˣѵǼ򵥵󷨣һɻȵȣѵ֮ǰѵøҪѵɳ֮еʹָ۵Ч
Ȼͬգһʱ䣬ϱҰɳݣ£˴ССٳɳݣҰսĹģҲһǧʮ
ģԽ󣬳ϸտʼ־ԽɱԽңһνʮɳʱϵһֱɱǲҲ̶ãڶƬײǸ˲Уľ֣֣ھž֡
Ұøս󷨣Ű˳ϰ˾֣
ھž֣һսҰ͸о˲ԾǰսֵĹɣ룺ѵǸħˣҪƽɣ
ΪƳħ䣬Ұʹ˻ܿͷ֣󷨣ʲôսԣʲôƣֻ֣ûã
ٳ֮УѾҰս˸ǰ˾֮䣬ΪȱȫֹۣʶҰֶΡ
ȼʶ֮󣬳ϵھžַˣҰõǺεȹƣҵƽ֮һУƳҰֶΣһʽȺɻҰĴ˸ɸɾ
ɳг֮Ұ翴һ㿴ųϣûϵȻƽֱ֣Ӿǰܾ֣
֮Ұ³֣
š֣вһϤ֮УʱģζҲй֪ζںɺãܿšҲ֪ȥ˺δµӡһ㶼ӦϣǶƽ
ǿֻұ㹻ǿ֮󣬲ܻסǣһ𡣡һŮ˽֮󣬳ʰ飬˵ʦǽжʮĴս
ʮ򣿡
Ұҡҡͷ
ЩҰǱȽˣȤЦʦҲӮһ֣㲻˰ɣ
˵ʵڻһЩ£Ӯһ֣ȻӮʮְپ֣ΪеֶΣˣо͸ˣǰҾһ͸ˣǰȴһȫҰĴЩɬоһ˶꣬ͷȴһӴʱ˴ܣ˭Щ˳
ҰǸˣΪһеţģֻҰ˵ⲻܺսԭԭǣɳֻ̣ܳ˫ʮսٶһˣɳ̶ܲˡ
ɳ̣
϶ɳ̣ЩӣҲɳ룬һңַܹģֻдʼң壬ƲƷĽңǲܡ
ϵооɳ̵ԭǰӵˮƽһҲȻˣǸҪɳӴûͷȴһֱûɢ
ҰϳĬ˵㲻żȵǰߣȻбɳ̸߽׵ĴڣĪ˵ʮ򣬾ϰĶУʱսʹ죬Ҳֻ㵽ʮ򣬶ˣҵΪͳܲסˡ
ЦûϵʮģǾͼʮġ
㲻Űذ˾ְɣ
Ű˾֣ʦһ𣿡
ҰһͣȴһƶɫģִɫģһأϲǼвУǽ뷨һһʵ
Ұʮ߾ɳݣ
Ұʮ߾֡
ܵķڷΪÿһӮõֶΣȫȻͬ˵ҰŰʮ߾֣Ҳѧ˲٣ջ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳʮ߾֣ϻûɵġ򽣹һȴսʩչңɴ˼ˣͨ롰򽣹һżƵġҷնڶʽҲóսУ乥֮⣬һ
ȻֻһȴǴӾŰپʮŽӵһǧ
ҷնڶʽرı仯
ϴûսһǧڣֻҪ룬ʱʩչһǧġҷնϲ֮࣬ȴĥˡڼ
Ȼѵһǧʿ󷨣Ҳûаɣǽ󷨶Ϥ֮󣬳û߼󷨣Ϊʱ䲻ǣȴǽ󷨣


һ죬һǧ˷ֳһѵһ󣬵ڶɻ󣬵໥һ𣬿£ʵȴǾȻ


ͻ룬õһбһ󣬵ڶһ󣬵ɻͷһ𣬳ϵ
һǧ˾һ㶣ڳôõĻ֮£һǧֻһǧ˵еСǰѣֱպҪóѿ
ǲ֪С뷨ԣǽ󷨣ٴα͵һǣԺһ磬ȫûɵأһͼֳ
ǸͼϵʱʯȴһɾϲӳϵǴ


762 ݾ
֮ͬУһ£أ
ԺиŵͼȻǾͼ
ǡɽľ
ȻһǧˣεıãͲʾɽȫͼǾȫʾͽˡ
˿ǰĻ棬ֻһСֶѣ
ˣԳ˵ȴѾ㹻ͬһյƣָųǰĵ·


һ󣬵ڶԲ󣬵ʸ󡭡
ϸԺеľͼֺ˱Ǹսα仯꣬ҪԹرС䣬߶߶غѡ
ƷǵӲȻû˵Ҳ¶ģҪҸúʰʰϣҪóô۸ģҪǣҪóʱһη֮УƷҧλȥﲻţ֪ҵݣҵҪʲôı飡
ֻƷǵԸʵˡ


Ʒеͷû䣬α仯һ󣬵ڶ󣬵󡭡ԺԽԽЦݣӲá
һǧ˱仯ʮΣЩʿĥһǺϼǸʵΪ̣´Ϣ
Ϣһ£һǧȫ˵صڵϣƷ֦ҶҲûڵأСȫûƷԱ˵С㡭Ͽ϶ǹ⡭ǵģպҪ
û˵꣬ƷǱעԼ¶ڣҪǱ¶ˣЩԵĿȫ׷ˣÿСϽһԼ
һǧƬ̵Ϣʱ䣬ȴûаϢһתҰ˵ʦһ֣

ҰЩŵ˵ţѾŰʮ߾ˣйߣ
˵˵ȳɳǰʱҰҲ˳ϵĶ棬˫ִʮսһӥĻ
һսҰͷֳϵսǰپֵսȫһҰСˣЩĥսʩչ
һֱڱΣأͲǼ򵥵ˣƴ󡱡޵󡱡췭ظ󡱡󡱵ȵΣصţ仯ţš
ҰЩ㶵ؿųΪ㲻׳ʲôǰľԽǸ㲻׵ģԽ˵ˣΪ˰ȫҰûҪЩҵ֮УѰҳһЩɣ˵Ȼ󣬼ȫһ
ɳݣսɱսȴóϻƴɱ
񣬳ϸɳ˾ͨǳϴû뵽ľϲһ˲ξ֮У˵ôˣѾ㹻ˣգ
ɽľڳԺѾһɵһż㲻飬һһΣ
ʮڳǰҲһˣһξ
ÿһΣżʮϰľ
ÿһα󣬾ʹɽ㾭Ϊ򣬳һͨһ

ʱһϢҲûͣرҰѾۻˣΪ飬ҲǾͨС󷨣˵ܹȫƽ⣬ܹϵóó
ȻǰΣȴҰɵˣǿ
עųϵģҰ֮⣬ƷǣЩƷǽҰɳݵȫҲ֪սΣԳϵȤԽԽˣҲܼһԭ
ɳݵգԽԽ죬ҰԣѾЩȥΣȫľˣԣҰ˽ĺŽǣһνû̽ûһ򣬽
ǣֱʮȫҪһս书һۣ
ʱ˿̣ϵʮμһ𣬵ҰִԽִӻһǧ֮ʱμ򻯵
֮⣬ʣλӣ
ҰؾòԾһɽ֮У
ףλһ
໹֮ʱҰоһαһͨ·Ƶġ
Ͻһεȷһͨ·ͨ·ڳǡɽľͨ
ҰΪսʦ֪ڸʲôãȴץסؼλãֻҪͨ·ƵĴһٴݻ٣ϵʮͻȫ
ҰЮ֮ɱȥ֮ʱǹЦ촽ſ³ֱ֣


763 һ棡
ֱ
ըһƬ֮䣬ԭȷɢ˷ʮͻػͺǧǧϪ֮С
ʮ֮һֹķʽգۼ䣬ȫ֮ͨ·ϣҲǳݳһڡɽľͨϣ
ɱ٣һ·ɱȥ
ҰɳеǸ棬ȫɵ˵Ȼ֮ǰѾһĳϣ˼ʮءϰٻأһε𾪣ȴ֮ǰҪ࣬Ҫ𾪣
ʲô˾ۼٶȣ˼ǿ
ҰţУһ·ɱĴչֳƵȵȣʮ򣬶Ƕʮ򡭡
࣡
ɱ
Ұľ壬ͬʱڵսӣҲȫʮԽӭɱϣǧʸգֱڼʸҪ֮ʱʮϿգһɫĹâסǧʸһ·ɱϡ
ԽεֵǰˡǧˡˣԽ۳һɽһӣһƬ𺣡
ȫȻסʮ
ƸֽжһͷȺʮ֮һлҷɽգɽƽӣ裬
Ƭʱ䣬ʮԽ߽⣡
ʮ˾֣Ұܣʤ
ʤģɳݣǷѰҵܼķΪ󷨣󷨣ݳͨ쾭
ЦˣҰĬȻʮ
ϲƺţϻһ䣬ֵʦ

Ұ͵رеΪɵӰŰʮ˾ֻҪ
鼱֮£Ұô󣬴һǧ˶˸жԳϵħѵܲˬľʿǣʱȻѻȸֻһ仰ʮ˾֣ʦŰʮ˾֣
ƷǾȵͬʱ۾ȫǼ֮⣬С仹˵𣿳ôʤʦʮ˾֣˵ô˵С͸ŵȴĲš


Ұһǧʿȫ󺰵ʲôǲϢˣϢ˾ѵһԲ󣬵ڶ󣬵׶һֱͣؽΣ˭Ҫ͵ã
С
ŷ쭵ҰһǧʿһµĵҰ˵һǳϣţ׶ʦʲôѺúõģ˰㣬ЦǺǵģǰʦƼˡ
֮ЩֲԼͬظԼһҪϳȻôĶ֪켴ǸϽС
ҰǾ仰֮󣬲ƷҲһǧ֮Уӿڣ뽫ԴĿƷǵϣȴƷҡҡͷҰһ
㣬ҷ˴ҰųϺһ䣬ȴǲΪ⣬Цʦһ֣Σ
Ҫ棿
ϵ˵ͷ
ãҾ棬ҾͲˣҡҡҰǼƶģ˽ҲƶɫģԺУһ֣϶󡷡󡷡󡷡һˮ󡷡
ϵ뽫ɽĲľͨһݳֻϧʮѲݣҪøǿɳ̡
ԣûмľ
ʮž֣ʤо̤̤ݳ
ڶʮ֣ʤӰĲ㾭ݳ
ڶʮһ֣ǳʤߡͨȻ֣

ҰѪˣԳǳϿһֵĿ⣬ͣҡͷʹذֱ֣˵ˣˣңҶٺɳˣ̫ˣٺҾͿѪˡҰԸͳսǴŴѧϰսţǣҰʵܲĥҰоԼںһսʮˣһٸˣһǧս
ָоǹ죬ȴ쳣ʵĴڣ
ô죿
Щ޹ؿҰҰӲģԼٴӦԲܡǣҰ߶Լ˵ţԺȴǸֳһ档
ҰԼܲջٴδӦֱӽɳӸ˳ϣ˵ҪԼȥ
Ȼһô棿
һôͲ棿Ұط˼ʹõֽնֵͲִԽ𣿡
˵꣬Ұ˦ֶȥȥݺݲһǧȥˣһǧʿҰһﶼڴˣˣĬĸˡ
ϣȴɵڵɳ̣ԺҰ˵Ǿ仰κһҲ棬ֺ֡
ţţЦˣɵɵġ


764 ѽѷ֣ȥ
֮ǰ㹻ԪȴǼ㲻硶ɽ似ֻͨܿԪ̾ϢڣϼЩͨһ飬ԪˡԪʯ֮Ʒʵٵÿ
һҪҵ㹻õԪɽ㣬о̤߲㣬ߡͨаԼ˵ɣֻ֪ӼΣо̤ɱᵽ̶ֳȣߡ˲ƵԶ
ȻڶԳ˵ҪĲôȥѰԪѾһɳ֮УִԽԴҲֳ֣๥
Ұɳ֮ʱҰȫ֪ϵĹֶΣȻһٰܣԼԼ棬еһֶΣȫ
ʹ롱֮壬ֱáҷնҶңá׳н֮ƣֱáΧκԡӦԡ
һһʹл֮
ˣÿһֶɱѷѽ⣬ޱȣѾ޾˼Ҳֲʤ֮ǰһɳݣҲͰʱ಻һʱ
ɻһ֮󣬱˵һʱʱʱҲûʤ֣֮ģѾ߸ʱˣá족ԡѵء
Ȼϳһ˵ɳ֮УϾһǧʿѵǣһǧʿӣϵħѵ˵ȴˡ
˵ϵоѵħѵҰľǶħѵ
һǧʿҰǾηǶԽҰƼĳǾľη˵ǿ־壬ΪеͷǴ󲿷˵УȻ
ҹˣһǧʿڿ԰ӪկȴԼɱ֮УݺݲһǧʿҰ˻ϵ״̬Ȼ󾪡
ɣԣԼԼָ֣һƴɱˣҰϸ˿Ц֮ɫֻǼˣ˵ģ棿Ǻã
ڣҰҲȥųϣֻһֳַʤ
ֻϧп֮ʱϻûзֳʤֵĹƣѾתɡԪն͡ˣɱ֮ʱϱҰɳ֮У˳
Ϊо
Ͻӵؾһȴнǧ֮ԶϿһ·ǧ˵ĴԽһˣԮҪ֮ǰϵ򣬾£
Ͽ֮󣬵ݸҰƷǵȾʦſ֮ҰüͷƷ˵ʱʱ䣬佫Ϊٶ˵ҪʱǧѶЩ󣻲ҪǣֻһǧˣоϵϿ϶ƣʲôһԽƴɱǰǧ˵Ĵ˾ȳ
Ʒ˵⣬ǷǳٶȣʩչߡȻǺܸܿϵһǧʿܺᲢۣ
ǲһǧ˰װȥƷǶȻ˵УЩദҲЩ顣
ҰĿ⿴ϣĳΣ
תյ׵ĺҹ˵ǲǰǣǧʱ̫ˣʱ㹻ˡ
ܣƷǷֱغȵϣ֪ʲôıɱǾҪȥҲҪŵ˽һȥ
ȷƷǣңʲôȷ
ƷǳĬ
ϼ˵Ϊˣжѣһ£ҪУ򣬺Ϊˣ㲻ȥҲȥ죬˭أ˭ϴȻһֱӽƷǸڵһ˲䣬ϵƷǵУͻظߴƷһֲϵӿ˼ǾϷŸɵС䣬ҲǳĬˡ
һ֮ڣȫ弯ϣ˵꣬˳ȥӰһͦɽ˵ʵڻһսΪսȴΪԼս
Ұ֮УƷһҾһأƴһأ켴˳ȥС״һĽæҪƷתͷȵʲôҪʣʲôҪ˵ֻ
ħѵ֮£һǧһӵʱ䶼ûлϣվ˳ǰͷųЩѹ˵ղŽӵҪ֮ǰϵǧ֮ϿȱһԽɱİǧֵܾ

ȫʱһƬûкֹʮ֮󣬳˵һȥ˵пǾһпһȥأ˵øһ㣬Ǵȥûʲô𣡡
ɻ󣬲֪˵ⷬĿģΪʲô
ûнͣȴȵң𣿡


765 Ǹҿ
ң𣿡
һ֮£˽ԳĬ˵ˣˣǰһ
ΪԼųߣһˣһˣǰһ
ǾЩӵĲпѵûʲôãЩЩᣬȫǰģǰһ
ûս⣬ûбʤûнһԽɱƬײĳ嶯ǰһ
Ը⣬ӹӹµµһӣǰһ
ϵѪûзڣǰһ

һһ䣬ĵӣǵĳЩ˵£ҲŭĳЩ˵ѪԣȴһŲֻ˵ǰһߣʮȻжԶԶ
ʮ룬һӣӣûһǰ̤һǵȭͷ߬ýǵĴԽԽأһڻҪ緢Ļɽ
ң𣿡
£
ǵѪǷڵ𣿡
ǣ
һɷħĳ嶯𣿡
У
ǸҿΪԼɱþһԽ𣿡
ң
ĸʱ֮ڸϵǧϿ𣿡
ܣ
ãһǧʿǵ£ͷʵҰʦԪʯҩж٣
ǧƷԪʯ׵ҩԪѪǧšҰ׼ػص˵ȫƽȥ
ǣҰʮٷַԪʯҩ֮ϳô˻˵ҩ˭ܸһţ˭Ҳ˽ԪʯԼļˣҪԼûҪֻҪǻţƴҲҪţҪһж£һǧˣһɱʮһ˾ûˣҾһ˻
ôһ˵ЩͱϼѪڡޱȵľʿǣûнһԽˣ׷˵ԣ˵òһﹻһôҲҪɱʮԽҪС
ȫˣ磬ҰƷǣƷǿһǧˣӿǧ˼˵֮ǰЩˣһȺĻôǾһȺʨһȺͻǳʲôϵǣƷԼﾹȻҲһ
ңĻ𣿡
У
Ҫģ˱ڿʼ˭׼˵׼й¶ɱ׼˷һԪˮҲ׼£ΨһҪģǸҧݣƴ·׼֮£һǧ˶ʱѻȸֳֵʮӣÿٷ򳤴ԼıǾͰһսоѵһӵϿģܹѡսƷһӵģѧδͷβٴβͷزһٱ飡
һ仰֮£ʮ֮ģرǸһٱ顱ľսҰųϣοҵġ±ԡȻûʹˣ
ο֮ʱҰԡ±ԡƵϼϤҲ׼ʿȵһı˵ЩһУν˸ɣ
ôһ䣬ҰʱԼŰĳת˵ԣ֮ˣõȻֶΣ

Ϻ֣һȣǰ棬Ȼûʩչߡֻŵ汼УȻʣԼʩչˡıˣһǧҲ׷һֱǰǼ·ϻ˵˭Ҫ׷ңҾѵһ죡
һǧ仰˾Է֮УǱѵޱңһĻᣬǸǲŹʮî˾ҪƴһҪڳ֮ǰر磬Ҫѵ֮𣬸Ҫ㱼֮
״̬֮£ҶûиоۣԽԽоһ·ϣֻХϧôƴôͣʼǰһ״ҲԶһףϣÿ˶ţټһѾ׷ˣټһѾ
һʱʱʱȥˡ
ϵһǧʿϿֻٹڵٶȣֻҪһӱܹϵ
ԽԽҹѾǵĶﴵƴɱҽ¡ը
Ȼǰ֮أһԽǰͲһ˶ʮĳοǰ£ȴԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ
һӺϿڳϵ˵ǰ
ƷǲؿǰʵĵˣһŵʱԲ̵ƷǣҲǼ֣һԺУ
ʱǾͿǧӦԺӦýȵǵӣѡսƷȨ󵽴ǵھŶӣһٱ׼
˵ӵȻ˷ޱȣھŶӵȴЩ٣ɳȴ̾˵սƷ˭Ҳûеõûһ׷ң
һһǧ˽ĬȻ
ȴЦʵǲǺܲ


766 
ǲǺܲ
䣬һǧ˵ʱص
Ǻãٸһᣬڽɱ¾֮У˭Ҫɱ˳ɱˣͬѵһ죬ôѵôѵôѵҴճܵ䶼У
Ү
һǧɱһˣѵĴս֮ǰǲǽţǻٴôӾҰоһֲ˼飬иԵ״̬Դսʲôã
һǣܹģʱʱϵϿǾһʮһǧһ򣻸ɱñҶ࣡
õ
϶ھŶӣ˵Ҳһᣬɱʮ֮ģͿ֣ýܳͷھŶӵ˫ųѪ⣬ֵ⣬һأɱһӿѵɱٵһӣһڣ
һǧ˵ٴαýɢģǿҰġѪ˷ܣ
ΪǲҪѵóеľÿһ˿Ԫɱȥһμ䣬һһ˵ڣͷųеɱڷʸ󣡡
ʱɱһƬһǧʿƶϢ֮󣬷ʸΣϴ󺰵Ǽ᲻ɴݵķʸûܹ赲ǵĽŲ˭˭ɱ
ɱ
ǧȣϴһǧɵķʸɱȥҰƷǵˣҲǷʸһ֣֪лǿ߱ƷǣڿУԶƷǴ˵ҽһ㡣
Ʒһ㶣켴ͷӿϣҲô鰡ҪģЧ
ǵĺɱ죬ȻΧɱϿĴʿԽע⣬ʱһԽĽľüͷ壬ɵ̽ǻرԲǧķΧ֮ڣûдʿĴǵĺ棬ôкɱ
ľ˵ţһԽʿ󺰵
ľ˵
ϿһȺֻǧ˵ĴϿڳȥ
һǧˣľһ㶣תʵǶЩʲôΪľΪʱϵϿһǧˣȻ򵥣ҪǶϼ֮ǿߣǵķգһȥЩˡ
ȻԽĻشľʵһѣֻ˵Ǹֻų佫ΪһǧУ󲿷佫ΪֻһСǿߡ
ɿˣ
ǵģ
϶Ļشľ⣬ˣǧˣȥͶСˡ
ǡ
ҲֵЦݣ֪ľչһݹͣʨϣһǣȥˡ
ŶมǧԽ﷢һֺŰȥ
ܿ죬ף
һǧ˵ΪȷʵȽϵͣ㻶شţҰǣǵĹͷɣ
һʸͣ£Ȼȥ磬˵ɱ˼ǺˣͷеԪеɱҳɷħɣЩӣǵɱ֮£ɪɪ
ɱ
Ÿ߽ΪİȫȻûнһǧ˷ǧɶһԽɱȥû۳ǴӴָȡһƷıԺһɫâȻն
âʽɫͨ޼ǣ⵶â棬ȴ̺ż֮㣬ǳϻչֳ̫ʵ
䵶ӭ˲ɫâնϵĽɫâĵâǶ֣һ˲䣬ɫââһն飬ͣ͵أնڰϣ
ʱˢˢ룬ʨҲն룡
Ÿոս棬ǧԽ㱻նɱǱնʬ壬úԽޱȵľĺ֮УųϵƷǣϵĿ⣬˲١
Ȼһǧܵ˼Ĺ裬ʿʢʸ
ɱ
ʸ˽ȥȺ׵Խһʱ䲻֪룬ʿȴʩչɱУɫâնѪ⵱ɣֻʮϢʱ䣬ϱǧԽɱһԴԹһγɱ֮ǧԽȥһ롣
û˿ֺͣȣɱ
ʣһԽľżȫû׷ʲô£ٴɱǾǴѪ
âٴն£ʮԽն
ͣҲ͡
һصĳɱֻ˾Ϣʱ䡣
ļ磬
ɱǧ˺󣬳ϲ׼Ͽɱȥ̧ͷϿľڣ


767 

һԽʿּеӸǲϿĴͿҪֲ֧סоʤҪľܲͷʵʲô£
ˣʿԺﻹڻǸ𾪵ѪȻ棬ͷֱһĻ˵
ôˣľӿ֮УĿɱҪǲһ仰˵ףǾԶ˵ˡ
ˣտս˾ͱһâնУʨһͬ룬ȻǧƬ֮䣬ͱɱ˸⣡
Խʿвٳؽ˵˳ľʱţˣˣôϽҡ
ţԹľϱ˵ֻһǧ𣿲˵󲿷˶ֻ佫Ϊǧô˲䱻𣿡
û˸ҽӻľٴκȵ¿أڿ͵һǧʿһǧ칷ȫնɱ
ǡ
¿صĻû˵꣬Ա߱оŵ𣬡ʲô
ľ˳ָȥһֱĳӰӣƼһ㣬ֱϢԽʿûȥ̵˵ǣǣɱˡ
ľɢɱŨŷʸǰһӰȵ¿أ
ڣ
նͷ­ҾΪ峤빦ڿĵһʿ
ǣ¿˫۷Ź⣬Ҳһֻʨһǧڿʿɱȥ¡ڰ;¿رȣ
켴¿ȡһתˮĻ⻪ĳϴһֻɫһǧڿʿҲȡʯӲ֮˸ɫâȫ˶ġ
䣡
¿׼ȴһ´ӵʿɱ֮ˣļ׼ǳϣڵ¿غȳ֮ʱҲȵ󣡡
ʱһֻû˿ͣˮ㻯һȺ㣬ɻգûУڿն𡭡
ʱһǧ£¿صļֱոԾյĳϣ
Ĵȴˣڿеĳϣ˫յ׼Ǹն£¿ؼ״¶Ц¿֮һ佫նϵģ
Ȼ¿صĻո£ش̶Ϊܱնϵļڿ˷ĩ¿˫۵ʱ
Ŀ֮ⷢУ¿ֿǸӰڼԾ֮䣬ʮףʱ򣬵¿زžѹȡԲ䵶ƹⱬ죬߶ʨȵСӣնӵļҪ
һΣնļһأն壡
ųɭ¿صĶһҵĵâҲϮ¿ľ˵ġǰҲšĻҲӲ˻ȥ˫ǧ̣ǵâնԲ䵶״âǽԲ䵶նûҷ𡭡
ֵ˵¿ص壬¿һʨҪתӣӵˣʨӴתʮȣС䡱ը𣬵¿غʨͻΪѪ⣬׷Ʈһǧ׼ڿʿһ¡
Ҳһ֮䣬жϺȵ󣬷ʸ󣡡
켴㻯ȥһǧڿʿع񣬼ȴǳˣбƿһӣһǧ˴̽ȥʱҽѪɽڿա
ֻһ̣ľΪԺһǧڿʿʣ޼
֮ǰǧԽȫûľûۿʲô¿غһǧʿֻƬоʹѣ³Ѫ
סǣסǡ
ľֵؽкţߣԽڿʿʣµǧˣΧɱϿĴľתһĺ˵Ȫˣ֣ɱˣľеġˡȻָǳϡ
Ȫ˵ĺӣųϵĿżּɵû֣˵ľһ£ܲн
Ȫˣ
ľû뵽ôһƣʵȪˣнǿߣǸ˲š
ߣ˵Žһ佫һͽ߽ħʨնм佫ľһУϷɾͲȥˣ
ȪһľеȫƣֻתҪȺȪȴٴ˵нøһ㣡
ľһ𣬺ӢۣԽӢۣʿҪǼڿ壬֮ǰĶԹһʹһΪڿĵһʿܳΪԽľ˵δвҪǲӦϿĴˣһʣ㣬ҪܵԽ޾׷ɱ

ֵģǳϣȴǸȪˣ


768 ͵
ľգۼʧԱ󽫣ǧѾ˽Ȫ˿÷˼˲ɱǧȻǧ
ң˼ֻҪץǧΧɱ֮Ȼͳ˰裡
ԣȪ˺ȳֶֺľ˵ľΪ֮ɡ˵꣬Ȫ̤ձҪȥľ״֣֪˵ʲô֮ʱһɭ֮ԣըǵĶ
ûߣ͸Һúôţнǡ
Ծĳϣû˵꣬ͱľϣеľȪˣ뵽Խ˽Ȫʱ类ҧŭȵСӣҶȪ˲ֱ
˵ķݣ
һȳľԣһնֱնľľΪϻҪһȵȣȴϳϺȻ֣ȡ״ȵȪˣң
Ȫ۾⣬гһߣȴûгֻ֣۾ųƷıȻӿ̰ȴܺõؿһľ̡
ȻâնľǽֻƷķľ棬ҪǵâֻϧľǸ߽ΪڳǰֻһЦ
âƻնľԴʱʧľӵأͷ­׹£պľ֮ϣʱӴһɺѪ
˵ȪԤϵľɣȴҲû뵽ľôңȪ̤ڿУӸµ˵ϷϣϷвϷҪߣþƾԾĹ򣬾סϷ򣿡
Բ֪ˣ
Ȫһʱò׼ɿһǧ˾ͿҪɱлŹȪ˲ԥڿٴΰθߣ׼뿪˵أƽϣ
ȻȪ˰θߵĿǰΪԵߴȴоͷϿգΣ٣Ȫ˶ʱɢһɨȻ󾪡
ձն£Ȫʶ𣬱Ҫһԣܿϵĵ棬һ㣬Ȫ˲ŷ֣ǧƲ
Ȫ˻æȡ൲Ϻȵ͵һ£бȴն䷨Ȼ룡
·һǧʿҲһɱסƷ۾ѩѩԺﲻͣͷнնɱǳϾʲôΪߣҲΪʲôնУȴƫƫԾǰװ𣿡
ϱֳԶԶ佫ʵȻǹΪ֮Ҫǵֻ佫ʵֻºѺѣн죬ҪΪƥ䡣
ϴӿ֮ʱһȡȪ˵Ԫˣһȡ䴢ָڵ֮󣬶һǧºȵɱ֮ˣԪ˺öָ
֮ǰеĽͳͷȫԶΪλڣ˸˽Ǽеսɱ⣬нԪ˶Գ˵㲻ʲô˵Ǿ൱һĲƸ
ҽŶأľͷ­ն֮󣬸պô̽еıϣ󣬳һָϿڣȵǵ棡
ɱ
һǧʿˣų³ȥȻǼʸ
Ͽֻʣǧˣǧ˲ǱϿϾʯԽʣµǧˣûһϲѪ˵ģȫǿ֮ĩԪӽڿݽߣԽɱԽԽӰǧ
֪ͳȥûУ
ͳȥˣ˭ô̵ʱأ
ңϿϻǧӹѾҲҪܳʱ䣬ɱ档
ҪңҾͷΪ
ˡ
ģƴˣҪӵǾ͵˾ʮ֮һú
ԣԪ࣬ȴ㹻Աˣ

ǧ־֯һγ棬Ϊ۵ĳ档
Խ·߲ȵĲбЦѣĺɱ죬ʹǶϿսһ֪ȻϿƴɱʱ乻ңǻֵܹģֻϧʱ̫ˣȫȻ֪
ūɣˣǵģҲûܾȵǣǧԽĽ˵ո˵꣬һʣ𣿡
ϻȻǡ
⽫ڻصתͷԴһͷһѽӲӵıһѪܵͷ
տʼ⽫ûʲôٶһʱľԴ⽫ľʹñûע⵽ԽҲͷȥ
ʱصϿ


769 һ·𾪵
ԽǿѪܵͷ֮ʱһʱ䣬ǿͷͳΪǶΣǱǰǧԽܵ𾪸ԣֱʯ
ҲŴˣֻһǧ˹ɵļ˲䴩͸صȺһѪ·Ͽ⣬õ⽣Ӱ̵׼ԱĴʿǰ档
ϵıϣȻľͷ
ȫûԵĴʿЩ㶵ؿǰһǧˣ׼ȷһ˵ǿųһˣҲڴǧʿ


֮һؿ߰˵Ѫ˿ڵľʿǰȭأе˵ӥʮǧ˽󣬼
¾ǧ˽ϣ
֮ԣһ㶣ʿȻɵûоţûвرǡ¾ָ֣ǰԮǵˣǸոںյ¾
뵽ܣ뵽ղſĻ棬ǧʿҲЩǿϵĿ⣬ȴȫȻû±ӵĲм֮⣬еֻ𾴣ֻǾ塣
ʵأ
ҡҡͷ
ûУЩ
ֻһǧˣ
ʲôֻһǧˣ󾪺ǧҲ循ʵȴǵͷǿ϶Ļش𣬡ǵģֻһǧˣ
ٴ˸Ӳ˵ллǰȣڣ£ȥԱҳһȱ֮ǳûϿ
أһ㶣켴ЦܽĺӢ£ҺֻǣǻʱһӵʱǧϵģϿǧԽնͷ­Ϊ˾ǳȥ
ÿ˵һ仰;ʹһ֣ȳ˵꣬Ȼŵ˼£ǡǡǧɱǧˣ
Щͷ­Ϊ֤ϽľͷһҡΣȴȻһ㣬ٿ˿һǧµΪɻأЦܽǲţһ߿žС
˵꣬תǧԽȵҪǽԴҪɣ
ǧԽϵΪ׼ŭˣر𾪹ǿֻһǧˣж֮ôһ󣬱ߴؽźţ
Ϻȵɱ
һֻʱɢһСɱڵǧԽɱȥǵΪüʯͷѾʱӦ׼
ǣȽƴɱһ˲䣬֪ԼȫˣЩˣʲô±ӣǼֱһͷһͷĶǣ˵Ƕ񻢣
ֻѪǲ֫ȷڿգǻһһ
ܴ磬ڸʲôʲôšߣʮһʮģ
üͷһ˵Լɱ˶ٸԽˣ

ﶼӿһֵĸо˵˵¾һǧš
ҲţʹǸղűǶǧݣľӣô¾
˵ţǾ¾ֻǣǲһ¾˵ţĿ⣬˳ϣûϼֻǿÿɱһһͳΪһƬա
ܲ򵥣Ҳһǧһ¾ĹͣһӲ²⵽ʵų󣬾ȷѪƷˣ𾪣ͬʱоޱȵĴ̼ƷնһâҪڻʹĻô̼УϣһҪƵġ
ʱĳϣһѪȻЩѪȫǵ˵Ѫϱɱţߴսϵɱ˵ɱ̫࣬ܳɶ࣡
֮⣬ﻹţϿӦзŶԣȴûһ硣ȻûǸν硱ŹκһĴڡ
һ𡰷硱ȻүүǸүүһҵġ
ɱ¾ڼ֮£ǧԽָ䣬һ̶ӵʱ䣬ͱɱòǧˣʬ壬˺һ㣬УɱģȻǳϡ
Ҳɱ࣬Ǵ̼һǧ£ΪƴɱȻǸܹѵһ룡
Խ˱ɱˣټɱȥҲȥسϵϵǿͷ­ֻӣӳϿһȺɱǽʱûʤȯգգۼ󣬾͵ɽˮ˼׷ɱ
ԽˡʱҲԲΧɱһˣ


770 Ч
ƹ͸ʱ
ϿվŵģȫǴʿһԽһԽȫûѪȾϿףʬѳɽʹϿΪ䡣


ӥʮʣµǧˣ˿ȻУֱڣɲǰʵһǧǿ߶ûе¾Ȼ̸Ц䣬翳в˰㣬ǧԽҷˣӲص䡣
ǧӥǵľˣӿǧ
ǵľˣͳţÿһӵİٷ򳤣ǵĶԱɱ˼ӣû˸һѱƣɱ˼
е߸
κɱ˶٣
ʮպһʮ
ͣأ
ٺ٣ɱʮ

ǵھŶӵͳݣھŶӹɱ߰پʮˣԶɱ˵΢Ʊȹӣռ˵һ֮ǰ󵽴ϿҪܵĳͷ໥ˡ
ǣⲢ۵Ľ㣬ǵĽǳɱ˶ˣ
ҿˣ
ˣֻǳϿϵսҿôҲһǧˣ
ҹƣֹ

ɬ£һսУɱ˲٣ʮ˸ҪǷƽս㹻ʮˣڣһȣֵģֻԼСڲԳԼԲΪսǶô޴ɼ¡
˵ɱ˶ˣͿնɱнĺȻ̬֪֮ԼĿɲֹʮǧ
һᳬģһᣬûг֮ǰһҳ㣡˾վԻ۲ݵ˵ʮɱ֮˼һ򻹲˶٣ǲټȥӥɱģǳɱ֮˵꣬ȥЩȻˡ
һս¾һǧˣһֻˣսȥ϶ڴһҰ֪ӺյսΪʲô
ȫǳϣ
ϿζƴɱնɱǵʹԽĻɢٽųϵǰѱ¾նһʤȻϿףǧԽǱľǿѪܵͷ־ս¾ǶսһεϿݡ
˵¾漣˵ǳһ˴漣
ҰһԼѡûдһδݵľ˭ҲȥΪⳡݿǹ󲻿֮Բ룬ҰĿ⣬Ʒϡ
Ҳ˹һϵľһֿллЦ˵ûʲôǲܵġߵǰһ¹Ӳ˵Ӵ˿罫ֱʱ򡣡
ȳϻػԱȴըһǧһң
ǧһңǳϴսɱ֮ˣڳ㲻ʲôţ֮һë㲻ϣ¾ǾǾΪˣ
պã¹˵֮ûκ¾ȫϥ¹򣬲ԼͬغЧ
Ч
Ч
֮𣬻صϿòϢ
Щ˺ЧЧңǺЧ֮ֻ¾ͻᱻˣΪڴ죬ЧҵĶֻһǾǴʵۣ
Ȼ˽ģùЧңˡ
Ұ¹һǧˣ׳ȫշЩ˵ĳԵģõĳҲ𶯣֮ǰ˵Ҫ֮ΪӥʿĿⶢûκαʾֻգʵĹкܶܶ࡭
ƷȴĻ棬ôСʱ򸸻ǸھĹ²أһ뵽⣬Ʒ𶯣Ƿǳ
´ǵĵһʤʤǰǣǣԡѪսժһʤʵ
ԡѪսԡѪսԡѪս
е˶ޱȵ˷֮Уûκһע⵽Ͽôˣȴûиоһڡ
ûмǰǵȴߣͬʱסϿһ˵ݾʯƿ뿴Ͽ磡


ʱ֣˽뻢ھͬһʱ̸ϵϿ˵¾սߣʯĿɿڴرǵ˽һǧˣǾµĲµ¾¾նɱһԽǽͷն£


ʵǰرǧ˵ڽˣˣھӰٵæ˵ܽ
ղŻڲ֪ȥˣȥҡ
죬óҡ
ǣ
ʱվƿ˾ʯϿڣԣ磬Х


771 ճ
ʯһ
ʱ
з磡ûн̳ȥֻǾظоŷ硣
ϿȻϿǺХŷ磬һĸо˿˿̶ֳֻȵĺԳ˵ɦ㲻ϡ
һͨз磬⴦ϿƺǰϿڵĵҪһ㣬ҲܳΪ硯ɲŶԣңôͣ硢硢硭ȡбк壿
棬Ȼȫ˽ȥʱӥһʿ뻢ھʿҵ˳ϣҪǰгȥλӰٵ
ǣʿȴ¾£λһȡ
ӥʿûʲôھȴǲˬˣΪǻھھǴйϵĳ˻ʼҽľһľ֣ھʿԴʿʱһְȻ֮⣬ñȱ˶Ҫһȣ֮ǰһڵɵǰ̬һ
ӥھǲģ¾ǾǸӲмһˣʹ˵¾նɱһԽľ֮٣ȴǲţŵģҲΪ¾ǲ˹ʺ˹ʺˣϹèȻô·
ھ¾һУж㲻ϣ
ŭɫԾȻھϣһ˺󵨣ӽ룬ǾȻ
ڲܱţ羭һۣ龹Ǵ䣬϶˵ڣȴǲ˵ȳʱһӽ뱨ȥ
ܱţھЦѣ˵ǣһֱǣҪӽһֱдҸǣӽ룬ǳңҪǲʶ̧٣ֻ»Ǹʲô
ӼвҲ֪ھҲ֪ﻢھǻ鷳ģǸ֪ǰǵĳǣû֮ǰ˭Ҳš
ԣЧǣȻΨ֮Ǵӣңղһǧɱһս㹻ģǸҷھǷڲξ֮ʱϿ֮ǰǾԻھ
Բӽԭ¡
ƨϢʱ䣬ǻȥͨճٶȥӽĻԸӳв
Ȼ壬ûȥͨھʿ˵жǳ𾴣лŭ˵עǵĳƺǵĳ
ӴǻӽճģôˣӻûнճķھЦ˵˵ȴŵΪھͱľЩһͬλãھǧ˽Աľʿߣϴ˿̵ľ˵ھİٷ򳤣൱¾ǧ˽˵׼Ҫһ˵ھʿǡһٷ򳤡
ҲΪ⣬ӥʿֹ
˲ûйôֻ֪࣬ҪάĳˣһҫѽУںں˵Ǹ
ǸСǸȥɣ⻢ھʿЦ˵һֻ֣˵СС佫Ҳǰţһֻ־ܽһˡ
佫佫ôˣǳҲ佫ȴҲܽ¾δ桰նɱĸ˵ھʿͿԵԭǸճֻ佫佫ѣһֻҲܽʰˡ
ջղ˵Ļӥʿ̲סˣǵľˣ֮ǰ̣Ҳ̲ˣȵ
˵УȼŭҪŭ֮ʱȴֹͣеĶ𾴵Ŀź棬ĿſȣӥҲǲı顣
ھȳӥʿⳡҲ˳ǵĿתӣȻ󿴵һȻӰϲŭ֣˵ĸоͺǴµ̫ɽ
ǸճģھʿһѵҲΪҪ¾ɱһԽļ󣬰ȻȫǲϷ
Ȼ⻢ھʿĻ䣬Ϳ߳˽ţۺмҲһȥﻹұȭţǲ֪ӵ壬ͭƤǣӲ羫ʯ߶ȡ
͵ˣȻֹ
ꡱһ죬ôϿھʿӣֱɳɶȥײϿϿ
ճģ㲻ˣҶԻھ֣һھ˵
ϲͷ
ţٴȻ𡭡


772 
ң
ҿǻھ
֪һ߳ʲô𣿡
ʣµһھ˺ĺţ仰߳ŭغ֮󣬳ϵĽţס˿УǻھɴһţھţȻá
ﻹţϽƽٿͷϴ
ŭŵȫȻˣͬǸ߽Ϊȴǿֻ佫ΪġճġһŸ߷ˣײϿߴ磬ֻֻ档
ҪŭʱֻͣڿеĽɫȻ䣬ʱȫŹ⻪лһظϧظڿУն£ھֱӱնڵأظһԣ
˻û꣬⻢ھʿоһɱصɱغȡȡ
ɱǻһ˿Ц
Ͽôһطʱÿһ˵ĶӰٵ󡢵˽ˣɫһ䣬֪˺£æٶȣķԴسȥ
ھȻǾǿֻӼͬһʱжھȴǰ棬ǽǻûлָԪǧӥԶԶ˦ں档
ȴڶ˵Ǹղģûдǣֿ֮ˣҪôϻֱӽſˣٸǽ
ǣӲصٴϳʱĻ棬һ˼֮Щε˵ǽʵȷʵ˻Ҫߡ
ԣǸҪƴΪֻΪպҪٱƲ𣡡
ǣ
˵ĻУ͸һִţһɼᶨз֮ɫ
ʱǧѾǰۼ֮˵һ۱㿴˱ϲڽµھʿ˵ȥӰٵûжҲûΪʲôֻǴŭȣΧ
ɫһ䣬ǳȻһž޲ӣûɵأеľžȥҲǵ
ϽǧԽ˵֪𣿡
ϻڣԺͱھлˣᡭáܲҺܲҡھʿˣϵΧиеˣԣ˵ӷˡ
仰ޱȵشƷǵĶƷǡҰ¾ڻھ֮켴ϵڵ˽ӥ֮ǰ
¾ԼҽΧɱһԽɱڵһð˳ҪȥȴҰסʿǲҲҰæ˵ǳ˼һͺ󣬲ǰ
ϵ𣬡һճ֣ܽеģ
ڶǲƲ¾ҪŹƴǧԡѪնɱһԽĹ
ʵЩ⣬Ϊǻھ߸ϰˣΣߵӲϣǣĴ㲻ú֣ûڣеһȴûй̰Ϊϡڡ֣
ϵ仰˵ǧھ棬Ӱٵ࣬ȴ޻˵ҪǷϵĻ൱ڳϻھ֮һڵǻ֮һҪɱɱҪܡ
ǣʲô˵ǲִʲô¾ǧ˽ҪĽӰٵȻܽܣԣӰٵųϵĿ⣬棬Ϭ絶ҲǺղѣ߷ǳ
һ仰㽫Ӱٵ仢ھѾأ
ʲô֮ì֮ܣΣս֮±ˡ
¾ȴǿǳӵӣдΪж֮ĸŨ
㿴Ǹۼ֮ˣٴη˱߽ϿڣھľЬΣȫƵģӲͬģһ۱ܿ
Ӱٵҵ˷㣬ȵ⵽ô¶޹ʽһھʿնɱһھ˵һֱΪھʿӢ꣬ѪҪ˵
˵仰ǧھͬ㶼γרΪھƵĻڵעԪʱΧһƬ۽⣬ɱ
϶Ӱٵǰ㲻ϲŭƽ糣ֻǵʵӽҪս𣿡
ԣӰٵЦ˵Цƾһ¾ҲҺһھս𣿡
£ɫȴǷǳ˵¾󣡡


773 Ǹңһ
¾󣡡
һ£һǧ¾űҰܵؾҪԣΪɷ˽ǿǴҪشġ
ҰֲܳԷԣĻͻɲŽӣҰƷҲȥĵǾȥƷǿ֮⣬ҰøֶŰôֵĳϣһç
ˣҰҲ⣬ȥ
գۼ䣬ǰǷɢĹâǡ֮⣬ڳϺȳ֮վ˳
ӥʿҲܵȾҪվȥȴһȣվסֹסӣתֱ棬ȽӴĿ⣬һԷǻھֻ̻ѵĻ㬵˻ȥ
º͵ףȰ˵ӽǶǴ֮αҪأú̸̸ˡ
˽ɫѾò԰ףΪĳһ̶ֳ˵ǳϵ˾Ҫǳϵ˻ھ˾ҲѲ˸ϵƫƫ˽֪ǧ˽һ㣬ǿ̫ү׷ģԣ˽ҲûȰ˵αҪͬҲٸ꣬ǡ
ˣ
˽Ļû˵꣬ͱӰٵˣֻӰٵȵһССǧ˽é«Ӯһ̣ΪµһȻսû֮죬֪ʲôˣ죡
֮Ӱٵǧھ˻ֿ˽˵λ˵Ͽڴ˭Ҫ֣һھȥ
һ޻أ˳ۣ鸴ӵشǧӥϿȥǧӥҲǼΪӣ¾ǵľˣڣȴֻŶǱھꣻʹٰ㲻ԸҲֻţΪھӥǲģǻʼҽңǳҾ
ǧӥˣ˽ȻҲˡ
ھʢûΪ֧¾Ӯ˵˽Ǽ¾ɱˣҲóǣ
ӰٵԶˣиԺУھϾһ㣬ٿǧڽɱڣޱȳųһˣĸоĿã㲻Ҫս
¾ǹֻۣˣ׼ɱˣȡߣһһ

¾һȣҰǿŵŵģûˣǿȫֽ֣
ӰٵҲһݣȻǻֳ֮ҲеֺˣҲȵ׼ȡǣֻҪ棡仰ȫûнǷϡ
޵У
Ӱٵǹһ˦ֱָϣЦھɲֲӾ㣬Űٻӣ
ǧһϰɣȻ˻ඪ
ϵννȴӰٵо裬ŭɣҪ۵ģŰٻڣУʸ󣬳壡
壡
ŰٻھҪݺݽӻڵĳϣ¾ݺݵزڽ£ϣ̤һڣӿģǿ־壡
ϺûпľŰٻڣֻХʵǸңһ𣿡
ң
¾ǣϾڣǣģȴս⣬Ǽ
ͬսս
ս
սУûаȴһȳȥϵȻ֪֮Ϊѵµ¾սʤøʢʵߵĻھǸһʱ䣬Ϻģܹսʤھ
Ȼһ㣬ʱ¾ǣԼ
Ǹһǻ̫ͱˣǳҪǳҪʵж¾һЩӲǵţΪѽȺҪЧһǧˣĵϵ
Űٻڣβ࣬ҪһӰٵȻ֪ȱ㣬Ҳ³ʹթھʵǰһΣͬ裡
Ҳ֮󣬷ʸ󣡡
ʸ¾Ϥ󣬳ѵ⣬γɱõȫǷʸ
ˮɷʸ󣬳һγΪ⣡
Ӱٵα任˾죬ҲǳһɿǱǷʸȴЦˣǲ֪һȺ佫÷ʸ뻢ھӲһУھƳġ
Ӳײɱɢǣ
Ӱٵ£ѾڻھǰһӵϼͨҲֻƷӣ
ڵƿա
Ӱٵ·𿴵ϱնɣ
ɳҰĻ棬ȴֽţ˲䣻ѪҺֹͣת


774 ǰ
飡
ϲûбһնɡ
ͬҲûгһϴ󽭣˵Ρɽľ
ֻǴڼλõĵһھʿһǽڸסǰ֮·һ㣬˿ǾŰٻɵһһ͡
ĽȻὫӰٵ𾪵ֽűѪҺֹͣתȥ
顱һ֮顱ͣգۼ䣬ϱ㴩ɾŰٻɵķʸ󣻵ʱǾŰٻڳ˶һ֮⣬û쳣Ӧ
ȻŸں¾ֱŰٻҪѹ֮ʱǶʹľҲȷʵ¾Щѡ
ɾ͵ڵҫڿգ¾зƴײһʱȴͻظоȻһǿҵΪײʹԪĸоɸ۷ų֮⡣
¾ǺȻִ˵պյĻھʵҲˣٸдϲȻǲᣬ似ʹն£Űٻڱ粡èһ㣬ն䣬ѪĴȥϿϣٴδƺЩأ˳֮û֡
һ·˾Űٻڵķʸ˳һ˵ľ𺳶֡
һĻӰٵϿеˣˣ͵˽˸ǵһʱþеһĻڣһȺ¾ˣҾŰٻڻú޻֮
֮ĽȻǳϵĹͣǷײɲǱϿô򵥣ھ¾˵ȷǿ˲٣ֻϧڳһײ֮УϸʩһպõھܳܵٽԵ
¾նȥȻôǿȴóΪһݣѹеȻǲΪ˵Ҳ
϶žǰʵӰٵ˵˵ӽľŰٻڣ
Ӱٵַŭȴ˵ʲôĻֻҧгݵ˵ܺã¾ǿǱͲˣ
ܷ
񡭡ӰٵҪ֣ɡָճڣ֡һ㡱ĳתȵ仢ڣʸ汾ɱ
ԣӰٵһѡ˷ʸҪԷʸ¾ѹ£ѻھʰ
ʣǧİ仢˲ĸųϣÿһڵżŭԹһֻнƲ̤ϵ¾ݺݲ£ܳǿ
ŭһֺĶܹ˵Ǳܣ޴ھǹɷŭԽԽ֮ʱһХս
ս֮Ͽصû֮ǧİٻڣѾнӰٵˣԺﶼһҡΣһ
෴¾ѪǷڣûʹľƷ۾⣬ĵ⵹ڻ￴һɱ似Щơ
ɻţƷǵٶȴûϷֺųϳɱȥ
ʸϷʸ൱âһأҲԳִ֣࣬նһâضնڻھǿն飬ʹΣʼûҲ
֮⣬Ӷĺȳս֣ÿһսҲǺȵǡôڻھʢϧڵһαһκɢѾ޹⡣
ƶѹȣھԭʮɵȴһɶȫӳ֮£볬ӳʮ¾սǲС
ھУӰٵнǿ֮⣬Ϊߣǻһƣȡʤϣ
Ȼǿ߶оԼһˣӲʵƫƫֲ֪˭֣֮£ֻεؿŻھѪѣһˣֱ˵֮أ
Ƭʱ֮󣬻ھվŵģֻߣٴΪߣסˣ
ʱʮΪΧסߣƷǺȻУľƺֹۣܲǹʼմڣ̤նƷǵɱȥʮνս֮ܣ
ֻʣӰٵ
վӰٵǰ˵ǰˡ
ҡӰٵһôıǻǿ߰г֣ǡ
˾ǰˣαôڣѵھʧܵûˣ
һʣȴһĶ⣬ݺݵشӰٵϣڻھϣӰٵпԣвͣţ˾ǰˡ
ȴǿӲ˵ڣھ㲻ܣ
Ŷ
п


775 ǳˣ
ͨͨĿϣд̺âҫʮâնӰٵٵնȴо˫ֱأâϮӰٵֵסֻӾʹѪɡ
ƽʵҲˡ
ڵϱΧӰٵǿɬˣҾȻˣôܰأҲ転ھӰٵȻԼǧڣȻһǧ¾ܡ
ˣֶΣҪȻôܣӰٵôţ۾һʱҵԭ򣬡ԣûаܣˣֶΡ
ţӰٵֿǸϿĻھʿˣֶΣҾͲˣֶ𣿡Խ룬ӰٵԽǼɵǹӰٵоԼǹǰȫûл֮
ӰٵüͷͻظоǹʧˣӰٵһ㶣ֵЩʱ̣Ȼûио㡰šһȵնɱһھʿʹ˴ɷɣﵱն
ҡҡͷ㻹浱ڶ֣
Ӱٵʱ߳ŭճģˣǹնɱһھʿҪ
ɷ˵㣿Ʒǵվ˳ǻˣȻȨ˵仰Ӱٵȴ֪Ʒֻ֣ȵȥ˵ĵط
Ʒ۾Ǳ˺סʲô֮
ӰٵƷǣתͷԳ˵ȻᣬʲôĽʲôıӰٵ˵ţ۾ȴĴɨ˵ô໰뿴һ᲻ͻȻҲɹϣȴܵΪϾУһˣôܻһ¾ССǧ˽
ϼƷǱȣЦˣȴ࣬˵ùȥģӦ㡣
ɱһھʿǰһھں󣬱ǿ̣벻̣ǲһѵûھ׹أòӰٵ¶ĳˣȻ̤նнΪɲǼȫһȭףֱϮϡ
ǼʽɲǽѵϣҪóأ
Ҫ
ƷΪְͷмȴӰٵͻȻǣ֮£˷磬غ˳ȳ֮Ʒǲնɱһнкɫ˵һȥ
ŵģҲ󺰳Ҫ
ϧˡ
ӰٵȭϽ֮ң
ǰȴҲӥ˻ںޣɶޱȵĻھԹ֮飻Ӱٵû¶ϲɫֻҪˣʣµ飬ͺðˡ
飡
ӰٵȭͷûڳԴϣȴǱϳȭסӰٵʱľסҵŭȭľ֮£ȡһѺɫСҪϡ
ȭצһþʱСꡱӰٵָǾ飬Ӱٵҧסʹɳȴץס󣬽ˤһС㣬صˤڵϣһˤһˤ
ھӥ˽¾ȫ㶵ؿһĻϾȻܽнӰٵɱǳʲôΪ
¾ȴǳȻݣȫھһһ̲ˣ
оģȻǻھƴ˾ˣǵеһ֮С
ڣӰٵ̲סˣҽ
Ϣ֮󣬳ϽӰٵ˳ȥϽɿսסɸһӴҲһͬײϿϣ
¡ͣ¡
˵Ŀⶼ˳ϣϻδӣ֪׵˻ھҲҪϵһʵ㣬Ȼڻھʵȴġ
ǰȥһȭϿϣ֮ǰǸ߽ϿĻھʿʹϿﵯ˳ֻأ³Ѫ֮󣬾վ
ԭھʿûбնɱ
ʱӰٵ²£վ⻭棬ʱľϿûӰٵһۣȴ˵ƫһԣʵҲʵʲ̽ʵΪ֮ɣ˲ϣѰԭȴɱڣʵխ֮Ӱٵھģ¾Լ
ۡ
Ӱٵһۣһûл͵³һѪ۾Ȼû˼ڸ֮⣬еģŭ𡭡
ûᣬߵƷǰ˵ķϣһ䣬ûǲ߹֣룬ܵ
㣬ƷǵҲǴ칫ֻǾıնɱҲǴ칫ߵЩ˶硭
һ˼֮Ʒͻһְοճĸо̩òҲԼ仯ϸоһףô򵥵þõ˴
ϲ뵽ӣ뵽ѪȾѡ
Ʒ֮ͨҧʵɶ֪Ҹ߹󣬻˵۾ȴǾ⣬㵽һʲôˣϣ
Ʒ͵סһͷԺ˳ҲճѵҲǳˣ
ʱǱߴճģھǰߵ㣡Ӱٵû򣬷һԣǧܻڣǱȥ
ǰҲڴϵһ


776 󣬺ɱ
֪ǲϿһԽȫûһֱڹԽͻֹͣ˽ҲûгǼȫ챻ɱ¡
Ŵˣŵǰգػ
Ҳ־֮£ϴ¾ǰ߾Ӫһ·ϣǧӥֻܹûھ޻֮ľӣ̾ѣ֮Ƕˣ·ܿʹһƬ¾ҲճϵķԸӥսϵעȵȣѯȻǲܾȫ̹棬¾ûܻھ̬ȣӥӭ
ʵǲ뽾ܻھǶôҫһ°ôܲɳֻ˵һ仰˭Ҫһ˿߳¾
һ֮£˭Ҳаֽ֮ɫĽҲҰһʻ֮£Ȼ޴棬ҰǣǾܹӮھ𣿡
ڵ˽ˣھǵģ¾ĳˣǵģǳϣÿʱûɵһֿ־֮Уԣ˽˿Գϵ˾̬ӣȴǲȡ˾Զ̬֮ȣ
һʱ֣֮ʱϵִӪȴǲԾϿݵսʹ˻˵ôҲһһӭĳ档
ȻھӪſڣȴվ˽֮ʿǹɱŨ
붼֪ЩȫǻھһЦ֪Ӱٵôǽ͵ģûھộĪǻӶˣǾ͹ֲˣ
ţǰڷߣм¶һܵͨͨһ𣺡¾Ӫ
ȣһ£ͬһˣ
˵С롱֣Ǽʽа֡롱ζ
ȣ˶ʹ
˽ѾǴ˳Զǹѣɻھ͸ǹɱʵľȨ֮£ûˣҲûнֻվԭ
¾ѱȺȵûѪӿľսʱǲط֣ھǲòǶ̫̫ࡣ
ţȴû˿ȴ˵Ŀ⣬Ʒǣû˿ھȴȫס˳ϵֱֱͦӰ
Ա߲ԶһڣЩСӣ϶ŵû궼ˣﻹǰߣ
ǣǿǻھ˵ǵĿѾŵʪˡ
ˣЩô˻ھ
˭֪أֻ֪ЩѾƵˡ

϶˵ţϵХ¾һֳ󣡡
΢¾һ𣬲㶨ƽʱѵһֳ֮󣬳ϼ˵̼סǵĿ֮ģһο飬۷ʲô£Ӷܲ۾գһ£
ǣ
ȼǵս⣬ǰ
ǰ
ϵǰȥƷǵ˲ᶨų̤Ľ࣬һһ̤ǰվھ֮ǰһˣΪҲһס
ˣˣˣ
սĺŭ
пȫûڷǡıšǬת֮תȻ˲֪˶һѺ
ߵǰͻһѾն£۾ûգһ£ž޲̤˹ȥÿ̤һһѿն£ֱնϵĲͣ¡
֮ΪƷǡҰҲã¾ǾͲˣôǵΪϾ̫ͣҲ̫ǿն֮ʱ㶼̲סε࿹
ʱϵǶһԽɱѪɺӣǧǵĵ²ʬɽѪˣǰһ飬ǳǻ棬ȫԼ־ˡ
˵¾ȥе٣Ȼûȫȥȴܹҧ棬ᶨȥ
һǧȫ˵
Ľûھŭ˸е𾪣ǡʱըһȣɱ
ɱɱ߷塣
ͻɱò¾ȶһ䣬Щģֱɱѹùȥ󲿷ɱ࿹ƴҪվ
ϣȻüë֮״
ɱ
һ֡ɱһصɱȴȫų϶ȥھһУҪϺڵϣٰ
ȻʧǣҽţȻ֮ǰǰƵʣ̤˳ȥ


777 ˭£
ɱɱɱɱɱɱ
Ǽɱȣûκε˳ϣûóϵ£ľ֮ʱŭʢǵĹ˵㾹ȻҲд
ˣһնߵȳ߸ɱ֣
֮룺˰ɣ
ɵǶһȻվţǰߣҳվλã֮ǰȳһɱʱкóһξ룬Щڶ򵥣ʱ㿴ξ룬ǰĲ˵ʮĲ
Ҳ˵ںȳɱ˼ȴʮĲ
⡭
ֻϻģͷ·ǱһƵġ
ͥŲһǧ¾ȴ쳣ѿȻɱרԳ϶ȥǻܵ˲¾󲿷˶ŲŲƷҲͷ󺹣ŽŲǰһҲԿƷǵΪʵ
ţһҪóϹȥ򣬻ھͻڽɨأУΨһ뷨ͷ£˷ʩһ㣬˻ڵûնȥȴǿʼԪɱսǵڿա
ڵ͵ر⣬ڵ߾ڿգƿն£
ɱ
ڵն£Ȼڿ۳һѴĻڵӰɱնȥնĵۿҪնڳϵϣϻأûа־¡
ҪնڳԴϣðӰڵȻɢˣǵȻĽնڵնˣֻҲѲ˸ϵ
һж£ôźãڵľҪڴϲɣǸӰٵǧھȻӮһǧ¾һڽн֣ȴҲЧֶΡ
ʵ϶ԻڵʵҲǱȽϿ϶ȻΪڣǻһˣǵĵóˣֻϧ
ţϵĶȴǴһϣ£뻢ڣ˽
һԣĿ⣬ͻޱȣرǡ¡֣ɱ뵱ɽϣŽŰٵӣԸƴҲԸϹ£ڣԷΪ˱ȫھӣҪ£ܲóɱ


ǸϳĬΪڿǣٴ𣬡˽ְ֮ǵˣǻھʮ֮У
ĬǳĬ
ϣɱ𾴾ƲԳԷƣҪǽ㲻£պ󱾽ھд粽ƣǷŭҲܽΪѾ֮࣡
̧ͷĳв
˼Ŀ⿴һɰϿѵ˱ɣܣŸ߽ʵΪһССǧ˽ôֵˣ
ֺ֮ȵϣҪʲôܹ£
Ϊڣ֮ʦȴϣϳ֮ϧ̾ɱ
ϣһۣŭһ֮ٴвΪɱ㣬֮·㲻ߣƫҪѰ·
̤ʣһ߳󣬳ȴͣЩ¾ѵΪ֮أѪɫһƬ֮ɫȻƴţŲء
˼ͣͷΪղһвЧʶʱΪܣֻҪһͻ޾󣡡
䣬ſڣһХضɱ
ɱһϷƱɫҲǷɳʯһƬ򣬸ǳѪ֮ζŨŨɱƴðһ㡣
˴󾪣˲󡢵˽ˣһˣĿ𾪵ףûɵ޿־壻ĳһ֮УǱˣϺȳġɱ˫͵ߵľ̤նȥ
һ˵ɱôŨôŨɱɱ˶ˣһ˵ɱѾ߹ڵɱ
˵𾪣ȲϽһĻ
ϡɱһʱбƱǧ򵶽ɱһ㣬ڵİڡɱУȻ޴棡
ȳϡɱֵȴǡˡһ
ԭһˡڹڵײ
ƴҪƵó¹ڣȴԼ
Ǹ߽ʿڹأ˫ͫطŵ󣬡ôڵţֳϺȵϣԼѡòҪڣ
̿Υɻ⣬ǾȡĽûдǾô˵˳ֱ˵βѣȻǵΣ£ûбƵó¹򣬻˻ڵ
еĸ߽Ҳ̲סڿУȵϣһڣɣ
˵ţֳɱȥ
޶ԡ
ȴһըȣȥ


778 治ԸǸ
ȥ
صִӿըǸ߽ͻһͣתҪʲôֳһߴӰŭغȵӲ𣿡
ǣ󽫾¡
лҵĸ߽Ҫ£ȴһش𣿡
ҿԴǳϣǱߴѹȥŭڵϣ㲻Ҫ̫


ұ̫ղ˭д˽֮λԵʮ֮һ򣻸ղ˭߳ŭ֮Ҫɱˣ
ʣֱڵҲ֮ǻع¾˰бǳ¹򣬶ʱŭˣɡ޳ܡ֮ϲش˳
λҵĶٺãһҲƵͨ죬һۻڵϵĻھƺҵ˷ѵ㣬ȵϣһھ£Ǵ
ˣȴҪҽڣǻھҽǳ˼ʶھԭ˶ѣ
㡭
֮ǰǸҪûҹȥӣȴ֪ʲôȴǱ˳Ĭ֮󣬼ȵϣǻҲѴ˴һھֻӣȴ¹۾Ӧնɱһñӿɫ䣬ޱȵĵؿųϣҪΪЧ¾УҲв˳Ĭˣǣ浽ӣκһС¶˴¡
ϣȴǹЦ
ͷ㻹ЦóԴһЦ⣬ǰ̤ҪѹϣЦҪˣڹĵ˭
һڹķ򣬲ǳϣǷ򣬷ǳɫ䣬ϽˣͬʱﻹǺڣղ治ǰ̤Ǽ
ңôӡ
ϷҸϽס˵ϣݵѪˣǹµĿ㣬ҡ
ʱǱҳ󽫾ӣٴοˣϣô죿
Ǹ
ʲôǸ
ҵǸ¾Ǹ
ܣ
Ҳ˵˵ôЩһĴڵǸأ
¾仰ﲻĸжԼǰΪʲôҪĬÿһ¾϶Ժ֮ɫΪһܻǵͷԺ
治ԸǸϵǴ󽫾ϵĿ⣬ȴϬǻصҵҲǵǸ
ңԼѡòҪڡ
˵仰ȴúϤϸһ룬ǰԳ˵ģֶֻѣûлȴ˵ͲǸһССǧ˽Σ
ҲԸǸһԭ򣬳˷Ų֮⣬Ϊ滢룬ҪЩ˵ǸǻڵϺڣ
ǰ˵ұƻ¹򣬿ڴ֮ǰȴҪ¾¹¾Ҳӣڴ죬ΪҪ¹ܵ¾һ򣬶ҡ˵֮УѾߵƷǵǰº͵ͻȻޱȣң֪˭ǾȻұ¹򣡴壡

⻰رǡ塱֣ޱȵĺ⣻ƷǸһ㶣벻ʱ˳ҰҲһԣֱԭ֪Ʒǵ֣
󽫾۾͵һҪлȵǸ˵ȴϻѾѿڶ˭Ҿ壬Ҫ®ɽĿ
˵ⷬһǱϼʧǣΪ¾ʲôӰٵ˵ǳдôһǧ˽֮սƴɱأ
ԣԾ޿֡
С̲סˣվٸıȵ󵨣
Ůˣ
¾һ㶣벻֮УȻŮˡ
ƷǼƷչˣҲãݺݵ˳һۣ֪ڽʼ֮ƣ£ȷҲŭھ
ˣƷóһŵҩ£Ϣʱ֮֮ǰǸüĿСӣͱһյŮӣǸ󽫾Ʒģ͵شӿ£ȭϹϽμܿƹ
ܿƹĸһӴ󽫾³۾ʹðǣ·𿴵նźǻҸ˫һӴӿ£ڵϡ
ҲǱǰ


779 ݷ
ڱ룬һѾǸ߽ʵߣͲὫһĪ˵ŻʼѪؼҲֻǸ׳ƳҲΪʲôؼҪսҪ֮һڣؼһԭ
ϧⲻڱ룬ڴ졣
֮ǿѹס˴еɣһɸҲΨһĺǣ͢ʮ
ԣǸ߽ΪĻңղ¾¹֮УȻһǹ⹫̫ӵͬܿƹʱʲôҲܲ˵ǰؿͷǸýƻʸܿ¹¹򣬲˼̨ˣܿƹ֪ﵱд빫Ĺһˡ
󽫾֮ǰûв廰ҲǶԳϸҲĻвˬΪ㻢ھǧ㲻ԣҲǻھ£ݵУ
ˣڴ󽫾˻Ϊ
ȻҲûϵ¾֮УȻܿƹ
״̾ϧʲô¾ǿܿƹȴɵ˵֪룬жԺͬʱǵĳͶأ֪ǹпѵ
ߣʸܿһߣʼϾԶھҲ̫ˣϿУ챾ͬǣܣҳϣƿ˽±Соھеһ֮ʵʵ
󽫾ɫٱ䣬һ㡣
ھǴĻʸ㻢ҵĻھĳ˵Ļھ
һô󽫾кǲˬһСѾͷƬҲҶȣĴ󽫾ӲȥѾɾʮȣܿƹϽ̲ܽϣϽϽ
ȴ󽫾ѻ˵꣬ʸܿһߣҲû˵ԻңδãСתȥ·֮ʱ˵ҶȤ
Ī˵һ󣬻ʸ̤ܿȥСһߡ
ϲΪ⣬̧ʸܿƣȷڽƣϿݵĹ˭ҲĨȥǼɻ䣻⣬Ҳ¾һһɲͣϵĶ˵ѹ
¾Ӫ
ϴҰ˸Ͻ֯ö飬ǰȥóϷԸ¾ǶֱֱͦάһֳΡ
󽫾ŻҺúùŰɣʲôʱԭˣʲôʱ˵꣬󽫾Ѿߵǰĳϣ߶ţϣճɺϣǡ
󽫾뵽ɱоǲ΢΢⣬佫Ϊһûӣһھ˲֮أù꣬󽫾̤նȥ
ܿƹĳ֣¾ŵҵӪأҲϺӪأӪ¾һǧһԽǧڣǧ˽治ɫһɱڽԹڵصĹ£ң£ÿһڣϼ֡
Ȼһϵйеǣ˳ϣд칫ʸܿƣ
ǸסӪã̽һȻӥˣˣͨˣͳʶʮĴ󽫾
ǧ֮ô󽫾ǰԭһ¾˻ھǳϱˣΪճȻûо֤ݣɳϵΪٽϣѾ޵ˣ̫ӣλ󽫾֪ӺδõϢ֪˳ǧ˽̫ӻʸġ
øӢ۳갡
󽫾Ǳδϣ󽫾СӻԶˡϴʱԻھʱȫģǵ󽫾Ҳֹ˵ǳ߰ȫǰǰǺƵý
ֹϿûͣ£˵ĻҪǳǰǧӥɾһزˣһ˵ǰˣ߳ҶҰ̫ˡ

˱һһػǫʮֵĺã˶ûȥỢھֱ󽫾֮ʱѵھʹ˰ݵġ
޷ҵϵһЦ󽫾ȴһ㶣Ƕ̶֣ȴ󽫾ޱȵţá֮󽫾Ųȥ
󽫾ߣֽӶȻǴ󽫾ְλҲʵ͡
һʸܿϲ˵̫ˬˣʵ̫ˬˡ
СãѾ˵ϰٱˡʸҲЦݡ
ʸܿƱ˵㲻֪ƿǳǿ߰ǻھĴ󽫾ȴѵò˵һ仰˵֮󣬻ʸֵܿ˭֧̫Ӹ磬ҪȻǳ¶Ͳᷢˣǳңȴ֪
ˣСã˵ǳϣ᲻ǳˣʸ˻ʸܿƵĻص˵


780 
ʸôһʣʸܿƵ˷ܾͻһûˣһ룬˵ʵ֮ǰҲЩɳϾǳˣЩʣ˵ǳ˷ųİ壬˸ߵҪ˵أֵȥ˳ɫ֮ˣ̫Ӹ磬ϹԻնɱ֮ʱһָоʹǸƲҲǳϵĶ֣
棿ʸ۾һ
ʸܿ뵱ʱ龰϶ص˵ͷ켴ֳ⵽̫Ӹ磬֪ǲģҲܼ򵥣һ߽ʵȥһ£֪ˡ
ʸֱֵסǾӪټһʱӪؽǰɱ֮¶Ǳ˿
̫Ӹ˵ҲǣȲܳǲǳˣǣ̫Ӹ罫£аٺһ˵ܽ£ǣǸãǾͽϴ󽫾λã̫Ӹһ
󽫾ʸЩȣͳϣ
ʸܿƲ˵̫Ӹ磬ҿеˣôд㲻֪һ·ҿɼʶ˳ϲֶΣǸһʱ䣬һǧ¾Ҫھܣ治ʲô¶ңҰڶҺͳϽɳݣ
Ϊʲô
ΪʦϸָսŰˡ

ʸɾȣ˵˿ϵǿ֮ģһϿݣնɱһԽѾ㹻Ϊ˽ˡ
Ըһ㣿
ʸЦһ̫ˣʩǿ
ʲôǸϢѾ˳ȥ̫Ӹӡǣ̫ӸˣҲ̫ӸĹءʸܿƲΪȻ˵켴뵽еһ˲ţһ˳ֵã˲ţǡ
ʸܿûо˿ףʸת˵СãҲûھ̫ѿʿɶֹܹ˻ὫھȡҲǳ
̫Ӹ硣
Լҵضţȥһ˧Ӫ
ʸܿ˵ţȴǲصҲ֪ôģһΪΪ˧̫Ӹ統˧أ
Сã˵ע㣬Ȼĵλ˧˵ΪУȴ˳֮Уʤǧ֮⡣
һεİɱ¼أ
ʸһЦûлشֱ˳ȥ
˧ӪУպһ˽һݣţӪֲ٣淢ʲô£
һʣæһǧ˽ġ켴ȥ˵˸飬Ǳ̫׷¶û£ȴƫƫû˵֮ǧ˽档
ǧ˽еǣһǧ˾͸ȥɱһԽͷ˵æ͵˧˵òССǧ˽͸սھɲǵǵ⣬˵ʵ
ǵͷʵˣǧ˽ʲô֣
Ҫش𣬻ʸȴ˽ﻹ˵˧⣬պܽ𡣡˼̫ӵ񣬡̫ӡ
ʸº͵˵ţҶ¡˵󣬶ų˵˵ǧ˽ǳ˧ıУҲճ
Ŷ廹ûʲôо
ʸ˵һ֣
ϣ
彫һ沿Ҳһͣת˲ָһֱųĻʸȴǽһ͵ı飬۵ף˼ƽϡ
ʸﵽԼĿģһ󣬱ȥ˽ȥȥģ˧Ӫֻʣһʱ϶𣿻𣿡
磡
һƬӪ֮УԵ޹ʵشһ磬ĵ˭ˣȻƷӲ壬ܸðɣ
ţȴܾ̤Ӫûɵ˷ܣָоʱ¾һ˽˵ֻһֽȻ˳ȥ
ʶˣŽģֽһϢǣҵ˾ͽŵ㣬
֣λʦ֪λʦţҶҪȳλʦǱΪλʦ𣡡
廳λʦϲЩɻ󣬡˾ͽôȥأ
һߣھӪףһȺ˷ߣΪԸϣ׼ײߣһ˵ǡʱ䰵ɱĶ࣬ȥ
˵꣬ƱһߣӪ¶رñ䣬˵ҪܣаĪǴΪӪ𣿡
صͷ
ʱ˵ֻǸսǧ˽˵ʵܲͣһ;ضţɳݣ


781 ҪҲӦأ
ɳݣ
һʣ˸͵ⲻţȿһɳݣ˼Ӧ
ʱʹʹ
Ӧǳϵͳ׻ˣǾͲκӰ졣

һ˶˷֮ʱһͻأ𣬡Ҫأ
һڳˣȫסˣжʱһʣ԰Ҫأǻɾһ䣬һٽ͵ˡ
Ĭ֮󣬲˵ʩˣôأֻһﶮñ֮£˿߸ҰϿݣҲҰĹ͡
ҿҲǡ
Щڽҿ϶Źһ֮СӾͽˣֻҪǰˣ˻ھԼס
ҵȾ󽫾׹ھԳоΪϼɳݣսսԼıҲӦҰڣˣҰսҹо
ҹɫ¶չң忴л񣬻ϵеûаƣ岻ģţܹòĺӣ˵϶񣬵ƭ˵ġ
ԣֶŻ˫۾Ȼûҵһ֮ãһ̾ϢҲ治ҵĶӡ
һϲ֮ȴӭʧЩȻ
ӪУȴôҲϱѰɣҲҲԴһݷõˣһ뻢ھܲȡʲôʽЩ֮󣬳Ͼһͷɳ֮УԼԼս
һҹʱҴҹתۼ䣬֮ӪӪȺ洦ɼʿѵ¾Ҳûͣ£һһΡ
ȻƷͶ˲С
¾ֲͬʱˣһ󺰣ڷ񣿡ܴ󣬳ϵ¾װףȴûᣬǺһһ
໥һۣǱ׼һϵеֶΣʩѹϧǲźȳһ䣬ͱϸһߣβѣǺִܵһŭϣھݷãϽӭӣ
ɱ
ŭ䣬ϱХһɱ֣ɱȻǱȲϾӪȵɱҪȻЩ͹ϥڵأˣЩҲܣɫ΢䣬ʲôסһ㡣
ȫǴغȵϣĪ̫
ɱ
һɱȴ¾
һͣ顱һ߿Ӫţڵ˽ȥ¾ҲֻԼѵ͸ˡ
ֱȻϲʮʱϲҰǣתͷǳ¶һЦݣ·֮ǰġɱ֮ǰĲᣬȫûзһĸ̬Į粻мһˣƫƫûϻЦ
ЦˣȴԽԽǵƿط룡
֪λǰкָ̰Ϲ˵һѹŭ𣬵ָ̲ңֻĽǰհһ
ֻһǧ˽ѣͼλ
ǧ˽ɲ򵥣ǻھͳ춼ھӪһҹ
ǿɹֲңԼҪƹ¹򣬾ȡϲӲ˵ֵĪǸλǻھͳƹ¹Ӧ£Ӧùһҹ
ƮĶ˴󾪣Ҫ⻰ֻеܵģǣæ˵ϣݵ˵ǿǴҳͳȻӦȻӦ򡭡
һ仰˵ƣѾ䵽˼㣬ǲϴ棬³ָǿϴñӣԣҪսǸˣǰһ˵˵˫ֻһĿģʶʶ˫ķɡ
ɴһ㣡
ϴ˵Ľ࣬һͣѹŭ˵ҳɳݵģ
Ŷģػھĺպ
֪ͺã
һʵܲ˳ϵĸ߰飬ѿ˵в
Ƶ˵ҪҲӦأ
ߣȻһûֵˣ˺ȳ˸ͣǾ˻ھأҲУֻҪڵȫ棬Ϸ˻ھС
ϲŭգȻһЦݣƽطʵλһֻҪʨսʨӻ˼Ӧ𣿡


782 ˶ע
ھϣԻھ˵ƻͷһ⣡
ȫȻסˣųϣŭһ˫һ˫۾ǵŭܹգ˵ܽϷոˡ
ֻϧǵŭϻһȻӡ
һϣҽղŵĻ˵һ𣿡һͨ졣
Ҳأһ֣ٴ˵һ飬ʨӻӦϵս𣿡
һ˵ϣƾһ仰һھ֮У
󵨣һȣǴ֮㾹ǻھ֮УѵھǴ֮ѵھǵ˽𣿡
˲ֱץסۣٴҽӻһɨ﹫˵ˣھǴ֮ھĳ˵Ļھ֪ǶԴ죬ʵ
ϣѪˣ
һݵС죬㶷ġ˻û˵꣬ٴαϴϣڴѵǶ𣿡
㡭
ֱϽһֱҪȭϡ
һбӣҿǺڷ壬ȻΪȻֻһϡ
Ҫˣȴס˳侲㲻֣ܳǹ⼤ŭ㣬ֵģһ֣ǻھվס˴󽫾ô˵𣿡
һȰ˲Ĳʵؿסֵĳ嶯۾ȴһֱŭųϣһ˵ھǲϣ˵㣬ɸұԣҺúһֻʨӣ
ϻָȻ̬֮˵һأʨǾӦϵս˵ȻŭǧɣƫƫȴҪסԷһС˵ֱץסϼ˵أעʲôģʨ˵ͻӦˡ
ʲôעѹĳޡ
ϼ˻ôʱһǴǵţѹƣڶһΪעҪΪɽѰ㹻Ԫֻ֧֣˵ʮƷħڵʮţ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣ
˵治ҾʨӣȻҪ󿪿ڣңҵĶעû˵أĵӣ֮⣬ƷҩʮţƷҩţ
ϣȥɣ
ǶסˣЦûбһҪóǰòãҿûôʱǺһøϽȥѵȻҪǻھҪһ¾ɲʧ
˵ţϺתͷߣ߳ʱ֮ǰ˵óʲôע
ӶûתҾǻھǸϷǻھ
ôһ㣿
ǻҪʲôĶע
Ҫھÿһ˶Ǹ
һŰƷҩûоܾȴǼһЩȷ̣ܿɳţǻھģΪ˻ھ⣬Ӧ
㻹Ҫ¾ΧŻھľӪȦ
ʮһħڵʮƷԪʯ
ٴһƷԪʯôأʮһħڵͲô򵥵飬״ӦҲһۣһ켲ٷɱȥȻȥ󽫾̣
ǵһЦݣһãаǸ󽫾ͬ⣬ʵҲԽڵҩɴƷԪʯһпܱ¶֣еһ£˵УҪʮƷԪʯҲǸԼҪģΪһǧ¾Ҫġ
ܿ죬˵󽫾Ӫ֮УղŶע֮£˵˸󽫾˼ã˺ܶܶ࣬󣬻ǻھռϷ磬ӦǣǣϽбԣȻ뽫ִǾֵøһ㣬ͨ˧ǰļ֤£ⳡԣ
ǣ󽫾
ǣսֻʤܣǰˣɱлɣ
Զһ£Ӧǣ󽫾
ȥɡһ֣˧Ӫȥ
˧ӪУ̫ӻʸʸܿƽڣƽ֮һ˵ʸܿƵ۾ȻһǾԵųϣͣظʸʹɫӦɻʸȴŵģϾҰ뻢ھĴʦŲ࣬뽫ϱԼһɴ
߲£ʸ壬ϡ֣ѾȤһ˼˵ãʱսָպҲƽ˱Եܱʿĸ߰ʿ󣬵ԣ


783 ·
ڽ콫󽫾˼ȥ֮󣬳ϲûӦֻǶǣŭȵϣɷԶţѵ㻹뷴ڲɣ
ĲƱֲɵôᷴأ
ôӦ
ӦôʹӦأ
ʲô˼
ҵȻҪһЩʮʮһڵЩƷƷҩܴӦҪȻ
ϣѵǻھᷴڲɣ
ǿ˵ϵȻ˵
㡪ٴαòᣬ˵עǲӦģҪɲ֣˵ˣɳôȣʮʮϰܵҪһ涨ɣ
һҲǣ˵ãϣš˵꣬ȥٴŭֱߣ͡
Ȼڽ֮ҰߵǰЦģ
ǾҪʦˡ

ڣݹģҲʮҪǵʱҪðɳݣ˵һأգ۾˵
Ұæȥһɳ̻
һߣ󽫾رüͷһпûھ䣬ȻˣȻͲȥ׼֪ڳҪȽעóŴӦ
ľѾľѳۣ˧Ѿ˵֮ھдȵĻ֮ڣȥＯҩڵأʮƷԪʯǵý顣
Ϊ˻ھҽ߾ȫɡ˵ţԼָĿʮƷڵʮƷҩһŰƷҩȫ˳
󽫾ôˣʣµˣȻҲ˽׷׽ǵĶۣ˳һռȴԲ٣ƷҩţƷҩţʮƷڵҲţʮһ׵ڵǲ˿Ӱ
ڽɾɥ󽫾״Գȥɣ켴󽫾ȥҲȥҾͨͨȥˡ
Ƭʱ䣬Ҫ뻢ھݵϢѾһ飬˶Գϸһ֮սھϣǴҲϣܹٴδ漣ܻھ
˲ʱ䣬ھＯעϢҲУǻգھԳôҲҪӣԸҪӦˣʮڵȵȶעģǿ˼룬ڵԣҩҲԣҪ㹻Ĵۡ
æµһ죬ҹʱ֣ٴμһÿһϣǿɫǴָȫǿտҲң˲ٵĳŵ
󽫾Ҳ⣬Ĵ۸ΪȥʮһƷڵ
ȻĵǣעȻһʮһ׵ڵ
ڽüչ벻ȴｫʮһ׵ڵ޲֮ʱͻȻһǰ󽫾̫ˡ
ǲ⣬ʱ̫ʲôƵ뵽ʲô۾һ˵
ʱ̣һһ˽˵󽫾̫ģϣպıԣȻ䡣
л̫ӡæ˵
ͺ֮˲ƴ򿪺ӣʲôŵתˣźӣʵװĻʲô
ϲӦþһʮһ׵ڵ

ڽţƴ˱ӣȻʮһڵעڴ룬ȴ̾һҲףΪʲô̾ʮһڵɾǷ̫һ飻ǵȻԾܾ˾ƣôܹܾ
Ĭ֮ǰδе˵αԣֻӮӮǱ·ΪѾھ·ˡ
۾ʼתı֮˸
̫סӪУʸܿЦͣǿʮһڵ͵̫ˣܻھӮӮƿǷ̫Ӹһ飬һھˣǶ˵ҲûʲôʧϿǵˡ
ʸҲЦ˵ϣǱ̫ӵĸ
̫Ӹ磬Сõ۹ⲻɣ
ȷʸˬʵЦţ˵СҪǽǸҲշպ󣬸ͷһŮ
ģ
Ȼģ
ʸܿ˷֣˵ã̫ӸҪ˵㻰Сǰһʱ䣬ǣԴǼ£Сñֵ֤
ڴŮĵʸЦøˣûǶԽû
ڳסӪУӥ㹻άһҰʵҪô
ΪʲôҪڱܲʰʰǿҪǴģЦ˵۾ȴͻһ⣬Ҫģ


784 ץı
ҰǾɳ̱һ°¶Ŀڣ֮ζģϺܳɣһнʿûʲôɹֵĶûս֮ʱǷǳؿͻȻһĻᣬ˭᲻Ըأ
Ȼнģ뻢ھıԣѾɶģֻҪԴΪȱڣøͬУ
ϾҰȥ˵Ŀһ£ʱͻشһİˣȻ˵Ϣ򲻴ǲڵصףϧڳУȴΣ룬ϵһʱ뵽ǻھġ
ģ𴥵ҵĵޣ
˵ǳ񣬽ǰɱɳ֮Уְܹ֧ɱɳ̣óĳȻͬһ㣬һƬСء
ҪƬСأʵڵģǱɾָĿռǶô𺳵һ¡ϸ̾ţǸͷǿһ㡣
Ұȥ£Ȼִָ򡭡
һҹƽ¡
ǸİҲ峿ʱֲȥȥ֮ʱɻЩʱ̣˻صڴ󽫾Ӫ֮Умһҹջ˵˳󽫾һҹоɳţӺԼԼս
ԼԼս
ƶʱһֻĵ֮У켴ԸˣһϢҲ
ǡ
İѭȥ૵ԼԼսѵ˵ϵıѵǰľ磿˼óһʱ䣬۾һ䣬ĵϣҵģ
ϻоɳ̣ȴѾıԶ׼ɳݡɽĲľһأѣһ֮޽˳ɳ̣Σ̫ˣ±ԡϵı󣬾Բ
ţ뵽ǰЩΪŵ׼似ʱһŵӶϰġŹڽ֮УҲһţֻϧеųϣʹ䡣
ǱŹϲǴӶĴָеõȡãϸϽŹ˳׼úĥĥһ¾ȴǵײײܽ˵ˡ
ʲôˡ
ʦʮ֣һΧסˡ

ЩɻΧסʦǷǻھɻɻ󣬳ѾȥԼӺ󣬳·ص㣬ֻһģˣڼЦ벻¾ȻһȺ
˵ʲô
˵ǽָԼı˵͵ҵĶ˵
û͵Ķ
𣿡⽫һĲţû֮ǰҵĶûж֮󣬾Ͷˣ˵˵ôɵ飿˵͵ģ˭Ű
ǣ϶¾˵ΧȺУ˳˵һͣмӦ󣬸˶Ϊ¾͵ġ
Ͽһ֮ˣһĨֿˣȥ߱˵¾ĳˣƵûھ¹ĳˡ
ǽ쿴ųֱûɵһ飬ϵɫȴһҲû䣬һץס˵ģҰ˼ǰҰգգ۾¾ԩû͵Ķǡ
ҵȻǣѾҰ۾һıİʾʱϱףǰץϷר˵
Ȼı϶ͻھйأʱ³˻ھļĿģһ¾¾ĹϵӶҲ¾ȻҳϵעԴסϣıзӲӦʵ
ơ
Цǰȥǽ죬ʵʲôˣ
һžƷҩԪǿǻеĻŵõģһ뿿Ԫ磬ڱ͵ˣҵϣȫˣһһҪΪ⽫쵱Щ£˵ûͦһ¶Ǳ룬ʹģóϸѾء
ﶪģ
ҵӪУƿҲǽõϣûüŽָͷǽӪʣ֮ҳȥһˣһ֮󣬱ֻƿӣƿĵҩѾûˡ˲ͣǸ͸ƿӡ
һ仰ϱ֪Ĳ²⣬ȫǶˣ˵˵ôҪĶǿžƷҩ֣
ǽһ㶣ȴǿӲ˵ΪأҾֻǵԪȻЩ˵֡
Ѫˣһ¾
ϰ˰֣˵ô
ָ
ûأ
ǿ϶̽˶⽫һ£˵ǲţǵĶӣһ˵θԪĲϢ
ԣУɱ


785 ҵĶ
ھӪ֮УһãЦúǿģһ˵¿ճô죿ǽ´ߣʿµĶأ
ҪǾʹ˴£¾͵ԪҪʵˣպ¾ôл죡һ˽˵Ҳһóѵɫ
һ˽Ž˵ҪճĸµĶӣǾ͸ˣΪһʿұ֣֮ᷢһ˵θԪĵҩϢ˭˺˱أ
Ҫǣһ˭ճأɾͳΪһ˾ˣ
£ЦѣȫȻûһ֮飬ЦֹԽԽ޼ɵΪ˿ĸǽжӪʿǾġ
һһ֮ƣ
ճĵǻھ³ҧгݵ˵ճıƵ¹Ҷ󣬵죬ҶҪҹ¿ǧͷ
ճ̫СǻھˣھȺ֪СܶõģǻѪܵʵϻƨɲ˭ģ
ҽǻھϣǿЦ
ճģ͵ź¾һѰɡ

йϣʱ۵Թһ̣ȫͷųΪѾƵ·ߵľء
һߣʶӵĻ˵ȫһƬž¾ҲסˣǽȴǽסŽǶصӺ˽Լ£𣿡
⽫ϳĬΪûа취˵ҲԽԽеԽԽԺȴǾ仰ɣº󣬱Ϊھ˽һƷҩΪһԾΪн
˵ûھȶɻھôˣΪھģڣжķ֮һһ֮Ʒҩнĳŵ˴ջ󣬶񷵱Ȼܾˡ
ǵƿӶûһ£͵Ԫ˵ţ¾ʿӴָȡ˱ֱԼСȥ
һˣʮ¾˵׼иʾס
âڿлѾǵ⵽˼£һ㣬ٿһ㣬һ󹦱ˣ˽ҵ֮ˡ
Աߵľʿ¾飬Ҫ֤׵Ļ棬ɻ󣬡͵ģǻԼĶ𣿡
ǱѾ·
ڴʱǵĵҲ䲻ȥֺʮ¾ڲ֮ʱ˳˭Ȩɱģ
ǡ
ѵ
ʿɱ裡
ѵΪ˶ӣ֤ǵ𣿡

ʮ¾⣬Աʿǲ⣬ȴһǡճʲô˼
һ˶ΪʶӾ֤ˣɳ֪ھԸضʲôԣʶҲıеһ֡
ҪǸճ׼Ҵĳϣ򲻻뵽ЩڣôõƴɱѪȷټϾܼ㣬ɳݣѾóǣΪ
ʵӪ֮УȹʲôԹʲôùʲô𣿡
Ǿʿһ㶣ֻһϢ䣬һ˵Һȹһ裡
ϵ˵ͷ
һһǲɳ鶯һ£оŵţǰӦýЩȫҪҪӪһ飬ɾ¶ˡ
ղŶǳ鶯ĶȻǳϸ΢ȴһֱעĳϵ۾Ц飬ѾʮþˣҪ˵Ҳ߷ְգɳϲ׼ҴҪһϮ
˵ҪҵĵޣȻ㲻ʣǾͱҵĲˡҵ͵Ԫ˹ݺͼı죬Ҫһ飬Ҳһ֮ʱ˵벻ǣ
Χ۾ʿ׷׵ͷ֮ǰǸȸ͵ˣٴκʿһ壬𣿡
ϻûзоʿ˵һ֮кԪҩأ˼û͵Ԫʿȴҩⲻԩ𣿡
˻Ӳ˭һԪȥԩأ
˵һ
Իʿʼƫ¾˼ƲΪҲٶԣϲͷǸ˵֮ˣȴӥˡ
ҲмܲסҲŻȥ֤ݣʵô
ɳ̱֮һһ𸴣
ȷʵ͵أ׷
ǵĶӣҵĶӡòһ˿һĸ飬ʱֵǣݺıǾͱֱ
ִһȺȴִһҪ飬Ҳܽ˴ߣȻʲôıأЩˣɶ֤ݡ
飬ǵõ˲Χ˵֧֡
϶Ŷ˵ʮˣҽ㣬һͷһί׼԰ٱ˵ţһš
ꡱ


786 ڶ
һţδʹȫѾѿֱмʮһɵķ϶һƬĵ汻ֳ˾ſ飬ǳʡΡ
ǶվλãǡǸڡִҲ˵˷ѷ죡
С
ΧʿԵѣжʣϿֻ佫Ϊʵܸ˰ɣǸÿζȸͶˣſڻҪ˵ʲôɼѷ죬ս죬⡣
ڶ񷣬Ǳŵû겻ˣٿϡ
ί죬һΪ֤׵ġ
лл
ʮǾʿָж˵Ұݸһĵ񣬳ϲٶԣתȥȺԶֿһĵ·ĳЩ۵ˣסһߵģһεƵһߣȴ֪ȳϵӰʧ֮ǻعԼվλãɴԺü
ָĶ񷣬ǸϽߵˣǿҰʮˣȻľսؿѷ죬ذ㣬ӪʣҪЩȫٵȫûһ֤ݣʱ˭Ҳ֤¾ס
Ӫʣץ֣ŷЦһΪճжڿҲǴɵñһȻµˣȴ֤ҪǸղӪʣҲǱ¶ճģһ裬ҿô죬ҾүҲ֤Щ˵ס
˵ţҪ裬ɶȴһ𣿡
˭
񷱻һæĴȥȴûпӰһֻɳҲûпδ֪Ŀ־壬һӾͻˣҲʼþ
һþȴ֣󲻻þȫȻǺö˶˵ģšܡȴðɫ棬Ҫ
Ȼֶӣȴƶһ˿˵ٵˣǻŵٻŵĵزͷٵţ߽ȫһգգٲ𣿡
񷲻аٴʹ˾ִ׷ˣҲñ飬˭ñ飿
㡭㾿˭ʲôţ豭ȥ뽫赹ϧļƻٴգЩӸڿУȴһβˮû񷽫ϵıȫ˳ȥȻһǱӻȫڶߣ˫ѷ
˵ɣھʲôôȦԸ¾
˵ʲôȫ¶˾ţľŸͣӪ֮дȥǳƿ֮⣬ȫû
𣿡ɭ䡣
͵ҵԪ˵ţӪȥٴ棬Ҫˡ
ֻǣһ壬ûгóȥǱ˻ˤڵϣ֮ײöѪľˣģ뵽ھסˣҧ˵ʲôˣòҪң򣬻ھ
𣿡
ɱ֣һըڶӾͷصˤڵϣţһξѪ˳С
ֻһ֮󣬾ѪʧڿС
Ъ˹״Ķ񷣬Ȼ۾ųĹâ˿־壬ǿ־壬˵㡭㡭Ҫʲô
ڶ𣿡
ˣҶˣҲ̰ͼھ˽ְλƷҩԼнΪݺ¾Ҹ㣬һᣬһ֪ôġ
ԺǵӡǣöԼѾƿأ֮£ھһģҲھ⡣
ôʱȻģһ䣬ܵһ˺һ
ǳ
⻰֪˭ţȴǽĻ˵ͿΧߵıӣͻһ²ˡ
Ƭ֮Ӫٴλָƽ
һƬʱ䣬ȴǰĶ񷣬ʱԸ˽ҰѺ˹ϽѹеʺͿ־壬ȥҪ¶ãǳһǿɲñĺ
ھӪ֮УЦѵȴǳã˵벻ճľȻмֶΣѹˡ
ɨһˣЦҲ÷ǵһֶΣǻеڶңһֶΣҲȫûã


787 ǽж
ͳ˵òճȻʱѹ£ɳ̱֮Ȼǽ壬һͿأңճĿʮ±ƣǿԳô˻ᣬӲʩշЩ¾·ҧճһڡ
˵նĽ۾һ˷ܵ˵˱ƵЩ¾ھӪ¾ҲԽһôһ֯ʲôǻ׾٣ճܿƹɽҲǲУֻҪմȾ۾ѹܿƹҲԶ֮
ǻԣһܿƹܿƹճĲޱȵ񡣡һ΢ر˵ܿƹʱֱ͵˼¡
ҵҲĿ¶⣬Ȱ˵ٽ԰ǵŭǺɲܳܵģһھѡ
æλˣɲҶܿƹ֣ܿƹǽ֦ҶߵŮС䣬ǵǿԶһ
ô
С¾ôһ¶˵᲻ȥһ£
пܻᡣ
㲻ᣬҲҪᡣ

ֻҪСһȥŪҩǴҩճķС䣬Ȼȥץס˵⽫һĺճģ
һ㶣켴˴Ц
ܲңһأҰҲˣճĿɾʧȥңټǽֶΣѳɶ֣ճģɣ
ȳϰ֮ǻھͷϴȦ֮ʵ͵֮ѹ֮һǻھ½һ֮ǰƴսҲ˸õĽͣ

һ˵ôһͨǷ龡ȥϵϲЦտȴϣǽж
жչȥ񷴫ȥϵ¾ȥ鿴٣ȥ׼ҪֶΡ
ʸµʸܿ˵Ǿܵ飬ϲˣ
ʸ֮ܿ㼫άΪ˲ţģҪǳϳ£˵ʶ˲𣿻ʸܿȻ鷢
Сãôϲ˵֮н𣿵һʲô״Ǳԩ֮󣬾ˡʸЦ˵Ҳϳ¶ϾѾĵ󽫡
̫Ӹ磬϶Ǹϼһ飬ȥ
վס
̫Ӹ磬ѵųϱԩ
֤𣿡
ҡ
ûоͺúôšʸó̫ӵϣʸܿһ죬ȥʸȵվס
ȥǱ߿ҲС䣬ߡʸܿߵ׼ֱ¾פӪȥ鼱֮£ûע⵽µʯӶһţʸܿҪ˹ƿڴɵͷһȴһֽųʸܿüͷɣ˵С䣬ֽżʲô
С̿һſ֣࣬ʸܿƼȫ£æֽùһͿûʸܿŭɣֽȫ֮󣬻ʸܿȴ侲߶ţúúãҰ򵽱ͷһϷúһݡ
˵꣬ʸܿƴСȥˡ
¾Ӫвپʿ߳ȥ磻˿̣ȴǲӪ֪ںη
ӪĳһƫƧһ˵磬¾ξϣ裬㱼ʮȦűչˣһĥ
˵ʲôڹ磬˵
ָһ

ΪھһԱ֮󣬱Ϊھ֮ΪͻƵ˵˵۾ȴһֱעķӦüëһʱб㰲˵һᣬѩܣĻᣬһʱ俼ǣɲҪˡ
˱ߣ߳ͣ˵ǧҪﻢھԼӦú
ĬˣԺۻƵģһĻһĻĻ棬д㱼ƴѵһйرʾ
أ⡣
һԻھӪʮ֮ء
ҹɫˣϻоŽϣЩϣȫйڻϣΪΣԼΣԸ̰ǲ̰²ȵȵȵȡ
ΪȻҪΪϮ׼Ҫھһľϲĥ֮󣬳ϽĿⶢˡϡ
ϣһй֮ƣȴΪ̰


788 ѡһȷ·
̰ǣˡ
¶˾ģҪģȻҪáס֮ѡ̰֮ˣǷֹǹеĳԱһӶļƻ
ھϾһɴսǿȻ֮ˣϵĵǲ֣ܳŻھڲξ֮û뵽뻢ھ
ǸϿȲϿûȫĵظ磬ĳͲ֣ǣǻھͱˣһԲ֪ʹ㶾ƣһܸһ·ڣǳҵĵߣʵ̫̫ˡ
˼ӿŻھֶάһ̾Ϣάûдֻǣֶôˣһʤ̣Ѿǻھȫ
Ƭ֮󣬳ϣǲʧ
˵꣬Ӫ㴫
磿һ飬˵
̤ʵʲô£
ҡ˵ͻعϥڵأд
ʲô
Ȼ֪еЦݸ
컢ھұְ罫ĳȫһһʮ˵˵ְֵûмʱ뽫
úܺáЦ˵һǵѡѡһȷ·Լһ
Щȣ
Űɣһ㻹һˣһ֮ͻס
Ȼʲôû˵ȴǴ˾Եţһоڽ֮Ув𣬲뵽Լѡһ·һҵĽ֡
סܻھ˵ʲô㶼ӦȻøһ㣬ҪһЩƷԪʯߵҩʨӴ󿪿ڣҪԽ࣬ǲԽġ
Ȼʲô֪ϰֵˣȥɣŬΪѣĿͲ䵱ҵ£
ǣ½ġ
繧ȥҵĿ𣿡ҡҡͷǣԲǣ
֮ʮǾʿϵӪʣҲ˵һͬСĻر𽻴ǣסһЩ
ҺãǶûͿ£
ЩпҲЩԺȫ£ͳĿǰʵ˵Ҳǿ᣻ǣ˱ѵζɲܣζɲΪжߣʵжǿڣѵ鲢ûз
ҹˣҲ˰ɡ
չһݣȴûκ쳣飬Ȼ󣬳ϵӾҵضɫޱȺ۾͸һɿܣ͡
ʱ¾С˳ϵӪ֮С
ļСҪſңҪİӪдҹգڰһӰЦȥ
Ƭ֮ܿƹű֮ʿֻܿƹŭײ˽ȥ켴ؽȵϣҵŮ˰ͽӸ£Ƴȥնˡ
ԩģ㲻ץңһҪͻھԣһҪϵžţɻʸܿȴǲģǵҪն˳׼
¾֪˺£ǲ²⵽˼֡
ڳҪӪʱھĽ죬ҵǸǲϽ͡侮ʯģȰ˵ʸܿƣϵȷǣǻھбԣⳡԣ˧Ҳ̫ҲҪԲμӣǱҲжţҪǽ౨ȥնǿɲ½
ѵĹɣʸܿƵŭ
Ȼɣȱһ꣬ϸöʲôҪʲôôþôãЦ˵һ۳ϣѾϵһˡ
ʸܿôһʮֲ˵ãճģٶ죡С䣬ߣģһΪġ˵ţʸܿץס·òѪС䣬ŭѵ˳ȥ
Ȼʸܿߺ󣬻ǰ˵벻˼ɫŮ㶼ϣ죬ܺú÷ӣֳʨӰʵ
Ȼ󣬻ִԳ˵ճģ˱³һأҲ¹򣬻Ҫûˣģһҵļˣչ˺õģ
ֻͼ˵ţȴûע⵽̺ɱ
໢ҲǰѳϺһ֮󣬲ſЦȥǱ˷˻ȥصӪ֮УϸղŵǱݾȥЦ˳ȥ
󣬽£ϡ


789 ٴһ
£ڿܹԲǿ߻ɱ󣬾Լٰػ͸ϵģﲢû˵ʲôƷףȴҪ߽ܷ֡
ϬķȴһֱûùǽԸʱС¶һ֣ڣٴ£ȴΪȥ
Ӫ֮УｫǻûɢȥȴںȾ졣
ٺһףǸճģֽһǻҵȰڽһ֮󣬻ֵٽļƣȻһ
أϾˡ
ޱȣ֮ǰң¾ЩѾӦǵҷճġ
ã
Щȴ˲ҲôƷԪʯƷҩ
ʲô¶ȴӦǣסһˣͲǣҲ˵ҲΪȻ˵
ǷǵҪԪʯ͵ҩŻվ
ģһȺϣҲԼʲôɫвǣǵԪʯôõģҪ͸ǣǽ˻ھʰͷһ³˽ȥɣ
Ц죬˵ճı飬ʹ찡ѹô£ôǶıԣ϶һ·䵽ס
϶ҵúú룬ʱǻھӪ󵽶
ǵúú룬ҪǸӥȵһ£ʱӪؽһ£˾ͻָԭ״
ˣ˷ܵİã죬ǲģȻǻھԺӣɾͻѹˣ
һˣҲճͣλóеļıճȥɣҪ˲ˣ

ŽȻƵĹǾָʮרԳϵıһ֮ɢȥصӪʣڴϣﻹţǸ⣬Ӧ뵽ŶԣУҪһĶƣҵĹ֮ƣ
ļأ
ʱȴһƣ϶Ĺ֮ơ
ʲôƣ
ȵѬѬĶûоѣȴѿʳԺһλտʼߵͷɫͻһ´䣬ȫޣ͵ȵ˭ʲô
ģǸղŶ˵ġ
ܣǴңҶ˵
ðɣȻҪҾʹˡ
һ䣬žžײ𣬶ֱѪ״ˣҪ򣬵ʱͻˣŵҪٴˣҴӦ㣬˵ʲôҶӦ
ȱæӦһҪóסٴһٴӦ
仰ֱ˼Ϣ켴׹һᣬһȭһȭĴҴܣǶΪûһĵֿ
ԽԽʹʹ˹ӣ궼ڲʵ̲סˣٴĳʲôҶȥ˵ʲôʲô
æٴһȭ
飡
һȭ£ҽһһξѪ켴ʧڿУģȻڵϣݺݿȥˣһҪЩʲô
Ҿϲִˡϻû˵ʹĹ֮أ֮ǰЩʮһڵһĶעƭʱȡ
ǣˡ
ʹޱȵ˵֮󣬲Ӧվ۾ļ£Ľж
ţȴҪƴȥƣΪĺֻһµı
ӪŶթ֮ʱһȴ˵ǵĻˣھҪһгϵҪںбԣʱ̫ӻʸƶᵽǵȱһ˷֮ʣ֣пܣһɱΣһҪնɱ
ϣʲôͷȻսھ
ڳϵ鱨ǵõĻ٣жϣϿ˺ܶ鷳
飬һȫʲôͷ
ǣ
̵ͷ֮Щָȥ
ʱ䣬׾Թ϶Ȼѣһʱ䣬գۼȥһ˸鷳¾棬̧ͷ֮ǰŰݷõĸ죬ҲǶ¾ԳǾԶ֮ܲóϣ嶢ųϵĻȴǲŭߣ侲ˮ֪ʲô
ҹʱ֣ϳȥһˣ֪
󣬳ϱ㿪ʼͨɽĵͨ


790 
ڣ̳̤죬¡¡죬·ضڻζһ۷ȥ֣۵糸ش˷ϯ
Ǽٿ񱼣ȴɣ仯ݣǰģȻǻھӥȵȣ棬ɳסһССǳһǧ¾
ӴķƼмһ̨վڸ̨ұߵǳϣą֮̊́ٴлĹ̨ΧǸı̫ӻʸûʸܿƣһ̨ףңǰ߸Ԫ˧лھƵȵ󽫾
ҪֳԪ˧壬ȴ֪Ϊ򣬲ûгڹ̨ϣ˹ڳϵЩԣ
һͨս֮ʿվ̫ӻʸ̤ն𣬽Ʋʻۣ󾹳ɻģֻצʿ״˫¶ȵĳĿ⣬ȣ̫䣡
ʸǵĿ۵ףдΪ⣬֮󣬻ʸѹǵ˵һĵĻ羡ɱ롢Խô鲼½ȵȡ
Żʸһ仰ϲ뵽ׯɽ˵һ仰½ܴܴ󣬱롢Խռ֮أǺСһ顣
½жطΪΣζǻ᲻ǰ㾳ߣкЩǡ
һĵǣȴǡôǺı飬Ǻε¶˼֮Ц촽鶯ճģˡ
󣬻ʸԿʼ
뻢ھµıԣʤֵĹģԲͬһһ֣ʮһ֣ʮһ֣ʮһ֣һһ֣
ң˱õɳ̣ЩһܻĻ˳֮ܿʿɼ
һ㲻ͬ˳ϵȤ
һֿʼɳϵģǺɫѾǴԽǴľӣΪһսͬ
ִ죬ִ
ЦǻھǺػģһ־߰ɡ˵ſ׻ȫûнϷ̡
ûһл黰ѵһ˵ֱɫƶһ֣ϵľòȫһ֮ǰáǷϡݣھǡ侲Ե侲
״һͣ켴Ͻű
Ȼıû꣬ûвãϵĹɱȻϮ롱֮⣬óй쾡£ɲȴǿףھĽǱ֣жڰ֣ճȻڵýƣˣѾǾˡ
˵ţһ˵ĹôɢѰ·һ֣ճǱذɣ
ҲΪˣʱ̣Ҳᱣ˿˿Щı֧£϶Ǻһġ
ԣҲűˣֱһ·ɱȥҪһٻƳϵĴ
սһ·δüд̾ٶѾɱ÷뿪롱עصһǳɣһλ֮󣬹Ǿǹǣ⡣
ˣһ֮󣬵ֹɫһָӵһһ˻ţµһˣСÿ
һѾȴУȫûлصùϵСû뵽ϾȻʤôɴ䣬һ֮ûУˣ
ʸ۾һƵɫȴǺڵÿҪšˮɻ֣ô¶ѵճһûбţ
ܣܣôˡħ䣬ֱͣĲУѾһ֣սʤ
¾ǻǵҲѹ˼㣻˿סҰˣҲϲ¶ɫҰȴǵͳݣŰܣ
𾪻Ƿŭ벻ͨ͸ڶʮ˵ıԣĻ
ڶ֣˵óߵĻأƶģְʿС
˭ߣԳ˵ȫûʲô壻ƶĹʮȻɽҰִһһֵĿ࣬ü֮ɫҧݵһУҷ㲻ɣ
Ͻ׼ϴһһӽɱ
ɾʱͻ䣬ʮɢҵĴѸپۼֱоʣ
һֱ
ʱڱ״ֱ̬
ʱ̣һˣ


791 ̫
ˡ
صġֱ֣֡˸ʤѾ֣Ҳ˵֣붼ӮƣΪʤ
һ֣ͳɻھǧˡ
̧ͷǺЩЦݣ뵽˲ңжʱû˵ףɻճ蹫ŮҪնͷ­ûаӰ𣿻Щ鷳ճһ㶼ģ
ɻУֿʼˡ
˫ʮִӪٴִߣһ֣ǼвУȳܣѾʧȥеģһսһʤȶġ
Ҳǰһսپ֮ǰ֣һ𾪵ĿģѾﵽˣԣ֣һսȴƫƫ⣬ٳٲ档
¶ʮչڿУ۷׷ףһʦ˵еŹɱȻܽʮָʹһΣӡ
ʲôŹɱҿǰŶԡ
Բԣ󣡡
ˣˣоŹ󡭡
˵ôӣҿһͨͨķԲˡ

һٸ˿Σһٸ
ʵ˵Ķԣȴֶԣ˵ÿһΣڳϵıﶼУֻǣ˵ȫû˵ı
Ұв첻ıּǣΣ˵ģȴôǢشպһ𣬾ˮ齻һ㣬Ҫͽһһ㱻ԵֱԵøɸɾ
Ӫĳ忴ϻһ𾪣ˣ˧ţֹ
ӣǸûȥˣЩͿҪˡ
ȥˡ
ӣΣգ£ǿ
޷ҴʿڣǻҵóѲɣ˵סǣҪȻǾѰңһεĴɱж뽫һ򾡣ǿɾˡ
ӡ
Ѷ˵ţȥΣֻкܻ򰵴ػˣӵų壬Գضȥ
ͬʱЩüֻʸûҵ塣
ңһҪҵ塣
ͷ˵μƻǲѾ֪ˣ
ʮţڲ˵Щʱڵ񣬾ҵ壬ɱٽʸնɱ𣿡
ףͷ

һȺеĴεȥ
ɳϣȻٲάľأÿǰһĴۣʬݣ׳ʲôƲ˳֮֡
ʱһиȡʤ֮ֻоܶǵˣܶ壬ɱǰһ˺һ
ûн취ֻؿľӣǧǧһر𣬴ӻʧ
ʱ˶÷ǳܶˣʱѡ
ƵȻ˼ʮһ㣬ŨԪҲס˥ϵļӾ磬Ҫжʵھˣδ棬ھúЩעЩ飬ȥֻ֮ˣ
ţƿϣһһ˵ϣƱģ
ʸеĹâԽԽﲻĥֻһ˽ȷǲˣôõ˲ţ˭ҪҪñȥǿɾ͵òʧˣֻǣҪʲôְλأ
˿̣ϵ˼ûзı֮УѾƣĴﲻ˼죬ûһٽȴɱĥ
˼ַɳϣ˻УеĻ棬ˮУԺֵǧƴɱĳƣΪʲôǸսܹɱУȴܣҲܵĻҴһɳ̣ʱʱ̶ܹ̿ɱ𣿡
һʣǰ˼⣬һ˼֮󣬳˵Ҫ֮ĥͨ͸Żջɡ
ţϸоһĿ⣬ϣۿȥȴûҵǵĿˣǿҲ٣ʱ뱩¶ֵĳϣûȥ̽ӣֻǴתͷһĿ⣬ôоϤ֮С
켴̧ͷͷö˵̫ˣһϷɡ
˵꣬Ǿɱ¾ʽʱͱһɱ籩


792 ¶עҵ
Ĺ֮£ӵʱ䶼ûмֵʮȫûܵʧľżˣʧǵؿųϣ۾ģȫǲţˣǻھˡ
ȴб۶ûֱƣ˵ʣ֣ս𣿡
ʤѾʤˣھȫûбҪٱȡ
ôһ˵ھǸҲս˵սĻǻھȫ̧ͷˣھв֪˭һսʮھһͬȳսھǱŵľٶŭˡ
սսս
սϡ
˾֮£ƾ͸Υ⣬˵սңҲûսʣµ֣һϣȻټһɱУϱ֮ء
ھûӹս
˼
ʮȫһҪֵĶ˸⣬ﻹսȥ
ɨÿ˶ߣÿ˵Ŀⶼ˸Ҳǰһսȣѷһأȥ裬ھ֮⣬á
һ̾Ϣ̨ȥͱ˵ƿǷȱִƻھ꣬ҲǿͣΪҲļơ
㲻ġ
ϿЦ˵Цݱһζ
ˣ
ϿûЦݣеֻβסɱ
ˣһʣֵȷˣܲʧܣʱѪҵǰô죿㲻ҲһǧɣʱкĿͳ컢ھ
ÿһԽ綾룬Ƶǿѹŭ𣬺޵䣡
ͿŲ㣡
˵ϣֻЦţȴû
״˵ʼɣ
æ
ʲô˼
Ǹսȴû˵սأ
㡪Ʊŭվ۾𣬳Ϸ·δʼ˵ǰһ¶ע֣һĻᣬûжעһ̸
ѾͷԼѹڳϣԽʩӣƵԽûףʩӵѹѾȫܹһнʶѹù£ǰϣȴ缤½еʯ˿
ľ֮£ֻ˵Ҫʲôע
ˣΧǻھľӪȦһ£ɫ΢䣬Ǿóϱɣڶ෽Ŭ֮£ǻھľӪѾռǰ߾Ӫ֮ĵ̣
ҲΪϲ˸ղעžԼˣҲܹó˵ãӦ㣬Ķעأ
ҵ
̶̵֣һ飬ȴҲӲ˵ã
˵ƾ־ݰɣ
˵꣬һֽƮڿУǰƿֽо޾㣬ڴ֮ͥУֲʲôжҸղһԣҲ˼ɵԵ֮£ƺд־ݣǩ֡
ûڴ󽫾һֶΣԭ䵽ֵزϧһ֮ǿѩԽԽ󣬴·ˣֻܾһƴ
־£ٴ£ľֿս
һ֣ٴλָĿ񱩹ƣƹȻǻڴ󽫾ǰ㣬Ū仯ֻڳһΣһ
Ȼ򵥣Ҫʮɵһȴ򵥣ҰſлҲüͷţ򣬲֪úֶƣ
ո꣬ҰٴξʮֳٶӣÿһһǧˣƵһҲӲֳٶΣ
ֲ壻þֲ壬ɲ֡Ұţ˵һϽǧսɳ֮˾;ֲеۣȻǵó˵Ļȡÿһսʤǲȫֵʤ𣿡
ʱҰΪûڳȴʵˣĿȻ֮ǿܽÿһϸ֮սܿס
ָٶɱȥÿһõĹͬ󹥣áҷնȹնɱ
Ʊ÷ͷð֮УսƸоԼںͳһսںʮ˾ͨԸս
һʤˣڶʤˣʤˡ
ӮȻ


793 ֵս
ľУõֶΣʵܳǷֱ·ȵȴֻࣻģ̫ˣǱּ·ʮ·⣬·
ɽ޻֮
۳ϣ︡һֵͷٶɱһ˾ȷˣЩ淸´
ʹ룬ƻûеó𰸣ȴǰοԼǶҩҶܲˣҲܳܵסңܿƹҲۼ
ţѾѵ󽫾֣Զ𣿡
Ժû֡
ҡͷʵ˲ʲôµģ˵飬µȴԸϣһЩùıͼε䡯֣޴һܣٲ
⵭һƵһϬ˵⻰ʲô˼ѵѾЩ𣿲ܣֵᷢģᡭ
ճģ㾹ҽѵ֪·֮һЦˣִԲ򣬱ԾĹ󽫾ʼɣֶ˵ǺҪġ
˵꣬ϲٶԣһθɫҲо˳ϵ쳣Сģһ֣ҪˣھԨˡ
ϣһֻ֣ʲôս
Ⱥ֮У˵ͬˣԽԽȤˣʵģֻǳ壬Ұʸȵһˡ
ʸܿƶųϵĿ⣬ЩңЩŨʸע⵽˿ϣٿ˿ԼСãԺһ⣬뵽⣬ʸǵЦҲ
һȺҪɱˣȻûҵټԽԽҪ겻ǶԺжɴΪ
ɳУһӣֳּˣһ£ȫʲô״һȴйоأһԲһһӡǰ
ڽʲôսƸԺòУ忴˰Σһ棬һڣҰȴһˣˡ
Ұ۾𾪣Ǽź벻Ȼ֣ԼԼսΪһ壬õɱеУսһֱ󡭡
ҵΣԽԽңصΣԽԽأּսƴѹƵĶͷϣдŴŵĺˮ
ણણ
ھʿ
ܿ죬ƿ쵶ն飬ԴǸԲ󣬡ʲôУֻܸƣȫԵʮ㻹ֻ
ȻƵһǸԲΧסʱ򣬱йоصķͻһˣһ黹Ҫҡ
ɳս֮Уƿ϶Ǻԥ׷ɱ𣬿ڣȴоһһӣȥпܾҲ
һߣǰǸұֱ֮ɷԲһһơ
ʿԱһĻסˣȲ˵ϵսΣݿѾͶأ˵ţǧ׵ãһ˲ţһܴǰ췢£Һúõز飬ҿɲţˣᱻЩ۵Сֶθסˡ
ӣճǲ罫ң
԰нӴ¶˿֮󣬱¿϶Ҳ˸Ȥңϻ̫ӵӡ˵ΪȻص˵ͷ
Ķֻ棬ɿʼң̰ԣѰ·Ǹ񷣬ǲԾز
ƲҲˣһѹ£Ҫʯࣻϧĵһһ֮УһһȻͬһϣ䶯÷ֺ
ǸԲɱ
֪ԼɱٴӭʧܣʱԳϣͻȻһУ˾Ǵģ
㻳ɵʱ򣬰Щٴεõȴɱ󣬲ʸһҪǸϻ׽ǻ׽ɣƴɱٶһ졣
սֻûг䶨Ѿˣŭط𣬳ģʩʩȻվЦˡ
ˣˡȡ
Ϊʲô
󵨳ϣ㾹ҹԽҴ첻
֤أ


794 ֤ݲ
ֱԣھܣϳһϡ
о֮ʱһƬǾʧʲôҲܣʲôҲˣֻһҪǰʤء
ֻһתƴҵעܴһ棬ھԼһһ߲
ԣƺ˳ϹԽ֮
Գ˵ġ֤ءȻճֵ֤ݣ
ŶǾ󽫾óһƣ
䣬޷ԶǺһڴ󽫾ޱȣȵ˰֤ˣ
Ǵһ࣬Ͻʮ¾ʿ˳̨֮ǰһһƬȻ۲ѣѵĹԽɣȻ£֤
ҿǰɣϿնɱһԽ𣿡
ҲͽưɣĹԽһӾֵ̫ˣƾͣ˽һһֱʱʧ֪жء
˵ò

ʿģǣǼʮھһɨ֮ǰȻ֮ɫ۾⣬ǿһ㡣
ʸܿϳЩĵ֮ɫ㲻ôƸ˰ɣҪݵǳϷɾǴ˷ѡ
Щ棬˵ʵϣһת䣬ֻЦ֤ݣ
Ǿ֤ݣ
ϧϧ
ϧʡ
ͷȴԲ򡣡
üϣתʵ֪ģȫ˵Ϊ빦̫ڳ˭Ҳв㡣
һ񣬸ǣ󽫾
ʵǳǲԽй᣿
ûУ
һǡв˵磬ˣйغһ飬ǲԽй᣿
ûУ
֣ҸоȫڷǸ߽ʵΪҲֵסĺ⣬ƣȻ뵽ǰ˵Ļˡ
ҲģʵϿݵôһ£Ͻʵ
ʱ֮ڣҹǧնɱһԽľԴǧӥ֮У£ܿƹΪ֤
һ֮ǰԼȫ෴ĻѾоˣ˾֮£ﻢ£ʮ¾õĴ𰸣˵һģһһһġûСֱûݵĸо
Ƕ˵ѣϾǹԽϿһϷǡʧȥһ㣬źеһֿĿ⿴Żҡ
̨֮ϣƿųϣʵúݶ
˵ˣݶģ㣡
֪һسˣģ۳ɳ꣬ͷôһСϷ˴˺ϣ㱾֤Խ๴ᣬ蹫ŮĴҲ
ƣΪ쳼ӣ˼ΪЧȴùѹңҪأϧù֮㹻ʮΣ
һһ̱ڵء
ûȥֱ˵Ҫ֤ݣҾ͸֤
˵꣬ϳʸܿһ֣ܿƹ˵ԭί
ʸܿƴС䣬̨̤ϣƣƣ㵨ĺܴ󡣡ȥС㽫õֽȻƶУݳǷϷͷβ˵˸
ʿ˼飬ƶԻھӵ˼㣬ھϣȫһƬܲЩڽ죬ңףǾƲˡ
ƣ㻹кλ˵ʵһҧһ·ߵڣݵµȦףһھ㲻
㡪ʸܿߵ˼㣬ðƣ㾹һɱ˵Ļݱݺ㡣
˷ʥͣ޹֮Īɣ
һ¿ˮ̵ӣ¶ҪףֻҪûгֵ֤ݣҲܽκΣʸܿ뵱Ƽӣȴס
Ц󽫾ɻ
˵Ļ
ǰ죬Ҳô˵Ŷ˵ˣ֪죬ֻ˵Цţ󽫾ģһġ
һ䣬ת˵磬ʵ˵һɡ
ǣ統ھЩݳϵȵȣȡԪʯ͵ҩȫ˵˳ҽԪʯ͵ҩȡڵϡ
״
ʵ󽫾㶮𣿡
ı˵Ȼ
֤ݲ
֮ܳΪ֤ݣ
ãٸҡЦһ󺰣ڣ


795 
ڣ
һȣҵȻƤһﲻѵҲˣ
վ˳Ұˣ֮ǰӴǻڽ죬Ͻȵ񷣬Ҫ˵ʲôҪˣα֤ǲ룡
вֻܿЦɶǸϣʵ񷣬ǰЩ͵Ԫһ£ʵʲôʵ
ǡӦ켴ۻͷ˵ʵģھܺǿҵңһھ˽ְ֮ƷҩһţԼΪ߼޻¾ԴȳʹѾأרӦڱԣʿӣ֤ףΪǺȵ֮У㺬Ԫҩһ˺ˣұ˵һԪ˺ˣš
˵ţȡʮӣڿУ˵裬֤˭֤һ£ǲǺԪ֮

վ˳˲ǱˣȴǷĴ󽫾Ҳ˵£Ҳʣǰڻھӣһֻ۱һֻۣǽ죬Ҫװ֪Ҫ׷ҲѲ˸ϵңڵľѾʣھ·ʱٲ֣ʱ
ҲӣƷ˵Щ棬ȫԪҩ
һذ˻ھϣھѾȫɨأϿƣʵЩ˿ɲҵ¡
ֻ֤Щ׵ģ뱾кθɣ˵ţǸڽѾǰһڵϣ󽫾ǱְĴǱְţճģӺɷӸҵìͷָ󽫾ݴ󽫾
ۿųϣֻԦ²ϡ˲֮ƾ˴ѹһھƾ㣬ԶԶھǴɱģЩССˣ
ǲײĲˣϵһЦɫֱճģʲôֶβɣ
ţϺȵڣ
һȣ׺ըƵȻĶȻɫӲɲתͷȥŶ
ֻǰûһĲ֮ɫ
Ҫʲô
˭
ҶԲھӺû棡

Ȼ壬ֳһȻ˵ǻھĽ죬ǣʵڲԸȺ˽ֻŴѹˣΪ쾡ΪЧҵۣͬԣ׼˵еʵ¼ʮھ޲úҵѪҵ⣬ΪΪ˴죬Ҳ˿壡
ھͨʿķչѾȫǵϣŸ̨ϵǸ󽫾ǰСĽ죬ǲɿʼʹЩ˻˻ھûھ޴档
˵ҶѪģ˵ÿһ仰ʵһΪ٣׺䣬úµģˣʧɫ
ͽھһƣùȦףҪҳʹϲܾıԵȵȣһ©˵˳
ŶǸи¶ˣҲվ˳ҷ˻
һȫˣǰҲһƬڣȫûϵ£Ȼ˱õӰĿ⣬ŶϾôãǿŸ߰ͷ΢΢ȥƶӡ
忴ĽȴһҲ⣬ֻǵ˵ھȷǸˡϵ񣬸ˣӴϣҡ
̫ӻʸһƬ䲻ŭ䲻ĳأϲѣԳƵǿϲ±Ҵ֮ٲλڴ󽫾永Ҳᱻ£ƿػھĻᣬˡ
벻Ͼ㱾£󽫡ʸ뵽ϸղɳȫʤﲻðһ뷨ɳݵı£Ҳۼִ֤ƻھֻ
ʸҲԼ뷨һ֪Ҫ⣬ޱȵѣʸĵľǳϵΪΪҲϻھ󽫾λá
ֻҪ㹻ʵ£ҲûпܡʸĶˡ
ȴƣڹ˰ɣ㶮𣿡
۳ϣ֪ٺҲûˣ̫ӹ£е£еһе޹أ뻢ھھʿ޹أ
ȱϲ廰תͷųϣճģ㵽׻ʲô
עأ


796 㻹̤
עأ
˵עȫϵĴ̸ˣǶעͱ׵ȥˣֱôһ˵˲Ƹ뵽ղ־ݡ
֮ǰ־ʱо裬ȴΪ䲻ʵ֣ܣҲ̵ܹʱ֮ڣóأǶע־һ࣬Ͳᡣ
֪Ʒչ㣬ƿռӪؽ֮ĻھӪǿɬ˺֮⡣
ȻƺڵĲǲ˼ǵһһ£ƺڵǣӦ֣ǰճնɱһ˰ˣʲô¶ᷢˡ
ƣô˵Ҳǻڴ󽫾ôܹһƵģڵأ
Ϸûܹ裬ңڣʮھ᲻ðϷƴһҲҪճĸնɱϷͲţ»ýΪϽһǧ˽ôܹұȡ
ţŨŨɱӵÿһ䣬ŻᣬһһɱĻᣡ
Ϸ֪˵Ըķ䣬󽫾㲻䲻ɣ
ֻҪһŵڵȦֺηɱ˵Ļȴ屡ģü֮ˣͬ顣
ʲôŵ
ҪΪѻھ£ûһϵ
ô˵ʮھղŶƵĲˬʱȥʣµģֻ𾴣෴ģԳϾ͸Թˡ
Ц˵ǲңȻȥ鷳һһͿأǽ壬أôý³
ãܺá
˵ĻҪȥ֮ģǼˣȡ´ָ˵ӮĶעƷƷҩħڵԼԪʯȵȣȫⴢָ
Ƶݳ˴ָȴûнӣֻñζĿⶢƣ˵󽫾Ҫ̤һ·ˣ׹޾Ԩˡ
ԣһ飬˳֮ǰȰ˵ϧɱȻûţճйŹ֣Ϸƴϳ۵ΪôҲܽɱ
Ⱥ֮УԸ˵עƣСĹǽ
ӷģūڣƵòѵģ
˵ͷŸԼȫһòӰȴһ˵ĸоΪҲгϵԭɡ
̨֮ϣƼϳٳٲӴָôˣ
ʲô
Ϸû㡣
Цҵǲ£ֻƭңĴָûжעһ֣ͿˣҲǺԩ
Ϸ򻹲м¡ƴŭ
¶һԲŵ񣬡ǰôӵֶΣ˳
㡪
󽫾ŭҪ㽫עӴָȡڷڸ̨ϣһĿȻ˭Ҳƭ˭
Ʋͽɱ¶˳ǿѹ£ȡЩƿȻ򿪣һ򿪣飬ʱҰһƬǺӻƿǿտҲ
ҽһ£󽫾νͣ
סˣ켴ȵ㡪
ˣȻֹӰȻȥ֮ľ룬ʮ׶ȫԲǰȥֶܹϮɱϣɱõƣҪĥһϣϳ̬֮ٽɱ
ɱȥ֮ʱ˶ڶעǲɣƹΪ֮ɻУûϵƻôһ֡
ơ
ʸܿƺȺ̫ӡԪ˧ԷȣǶˣѾڳϵǰȴ治ɫ˵һ㻹̤ˣҾ㣬Ҫ̤һȴڤ粻飬ȻˣǾͱҡ
˵űҪ֣֪һֶᱩ¶ʵڱ¶Գ˵ôڻʱϸоһ쳣ʱֵ⡣
Ͻ֮࣬ۿԸҪóѣըһ죬ƣԽԽͿˡһץȥ֣ʱץȥ
켴ӰڿУһ£Ƶһȥųϣ̩ɽǰɫġ
һЦЩɵζǻϲˡ
ͬʱȺеҲ˸֣ҲδҵĿ꣬ǵҰ


797 Ϯɱ
벻Ȼڰ֮У˳֣ǻ治һܹҵˣܼӳ壬һϢѰһᣬƴն塣
Ǹ߽Һ4š5ס
2š3ȱ֣ʣµ˽ס
סɱ֮󣬰Ǹϴߣߣͽһͬɱ

һһ˴ɱߵС
̨֮ϣиڣƸûֵٰĻᣬҲûжº֣ץһ㣬Ƹס䶯òԪ֮󣬳ص˳ߣһ϶ѾЩ˵У˵ǰȰ˵ɳգҲֲִֻôӦˣȴҪƴҲûסӰΣ
һ㣬˵ϣ˵Ҹܶᣬ֮ʱұ㣻־㣻ܹץסλᷭȻ򣬶϶ϲ³ʵղǱֵһˣΪ˼ʮھãԸķ䣬ˣһ¹򣬻棻ϧȴҪɱҶ졭
ճģ˵ϷݺɳأʲôûмֻϷ򵱳ûнȥ򡭡Ȼźݻո߸ϵռȴ׹볾ɥ֮ȮһУ֮ڳϣȴȫȻҪóصʱ
⻰ҡҡͷһ̾Ϣûһ̨ۣ֮ϵ̫ӣȵ£˽޸֮ƣѺ˶⣬Ҳһһס
ϵɫһαûҪҰٱ֮УЩ⣬ûڴ󽫾⣬Ʊ޷֮ա
֮⣬ǻԤеȫʤĳϣھ֮ƣѾ˿ɵھһȫȻԤϡ
һٻعͷڽȻ֣Ͻӽһ漣ξǧ˽̫׷⣬Ͽݣ´˵ȴ£˵ﶼţϣòµʱ䣬ߵ˿һλá
ܺã
ʸҲ̾Ǹͷǿңȴǲ֪һҪõֵ˫̥ǳϸͲ˺ġ
л̫ӡ
ѭϷ̫ӱʾл⣬ʸܿߵߣϣǷҵ飬׼ô
Ҫô
˵ϣѾ֪Ǻε֣˵Ͳ±һ֮
ƾԸ
ʸܿƿϵģһ֮Уҧҧ㴽ݺݵţͲβ㣡סǷһ顣
ʸܿƵܣղųȵĸΪǸܣѾǿܣʵˡ
ȴû룬ǽĿĴɨȥ뿴ǰֵĸһɨȴǺӰûջ֮£Ҳ˸̨ҰһȺѵ¾Ӫ߻ȥ
ڸѾųȥ
ɢȥԴڻ֮ʣӪʲǧԶĵطԤ׵أըһ죬ڱٵһ˲䣬˫ּ裬һƬȦס˳塣
󣬸ȵȺ󣬲ѵһֻ
ʱʮˣڿУ͵ΪǸ߽ʣһǹ⻪նųҪԶ˵ء
̤Уһߣδ䣬âѾǵ򸣲ȣ֮⣬ҲϷǰ
ףâ羵һ㣬ȻѣҪָոԪɱȥֳǿϢֱ׼˳塣
󣬳ɲ˴򣡡
ûܺˣֻ£ڸײ·˵ĿУȣѾһѴ˲Ǹзֻáꡱһ˷ֱӱѡ
˲ҪҪƽɱ֮ʱһըڿգأų巭ڿգͬһ˲䣬·Ǹų۾ΪߣȻԱˡ
ӴϮ򸣲һ۾ﾫⱬóΪǿʿ湻ݣ
벻ΪûеңȻֵǸôĴۣ崦أȴЦ̸Ȼ䵱һ¶
һߣϻδصӪУ˸ı۾һݣΣ˸ղŶжжر
켴ϽҰ̤նȥ


798 
Ծն̤շȥ
Ұһ¾ȴûһ𾪣ȫӦҰ֪ΪʲôأҪΪ㹻һط⽫˵ܷ󽫾أ
ǱߣҲڼתȺ˸֮ȫ£ЩɱߣΪҲʾϣҶʿȫǲҪش򷨣һסԾ֮£һԱ
֮£鲻ȥһѡ
ԤϵȺӦö򵥣ΪҲǲǣȴûϵȺΪȡȻ˴ıǮ۶ԥԱˣ֪ᷢʲô¡
Ա֮󣬱Ϯɱ֮ˣӰһƮԲ˼ĽǶȣһɫ򸣲֮䣡
ͬʱʮ˷޵㣬˰Χ
ЩԴﵽȻûƷʮƷƷһըܣҲСӣ
Цһһѽ糤Ķ̽ƿնûһâԣȴǳֱնʮâ
ţһֻ֣ͻرץ·ˡ
Զ˿һնԥȳ֣ʣ¼Ȼը伱ըܱ㱻ȥ
ˣֻҲûջָһץ£·˶پ̶аͣ٣ȻһԱˣͻеڶԱҪԱ֮ǰɱ
Ȼʱһźƣնڸͷȫ֣һɻϢʱӺй¶ľȴңʱȦϼ⽫廷ƣǰѶ̽صУնơ
̶˼лɳãϽʩչɱУȻδȫǸٴκȵԱʱ
ԣ񱻿Ƶķһ䡱һԱˣ
ٴľղնƣʵĿԷϣȴϰĳʯԱ˲䣬ǺƼ£µٶȣƮƮĺƣЩǧĴɽֱƴϼ⣬֮Ʋűס
ʱһֱڰˣֻӰҲɼţΪҲ쿴ţݾƲ⣬Ϊ϶縣ȻͱƵø֧ˡ
Ǻҹаɱ֮٣ּһɳʵʻâնŴ󿪴ϣƥеơ
ͬʱﻹȵӣսپ˺Ϊоǿ߸˴ϾǴӪڣǱΧߣɾûôˡ
Ǳߣ󽫾뼤ս֮ȻԶƣҲѺľʿȵſϷϷǳΪܾһѡ
ϧƵõģȴ˵ıģһǺЩһأ
仰ʯﲻͣϷѾڴ𣿡
ʧǣǱߵļսһսپѾӷ񣬱ԱٴƵûһĸ¶̽ӭǵɢƵĽâ
ȻأɸܼؽǰˣڴʱüëͻһӿǿҵΣУ˲˽֣Ƴ
ոƶһ¡ը죬ǰԱܣ糱ˮ㣬ֱԣһǿߣԱˡ
Ƹһ㣬ϼ䵭ǵâն¡
ԱȻŰ֮ʱһǹ״İֱϼ⣬֮󣬻һЮƥɱ״ɫ䣬ĹΪѾٻóİΣ
ң߰ɡУûһ㱯֮ɫø̩ȻţЩ˽ΪΪԪ˧ҪɱԱ⸶ĴۣҲδ̫һ㡭
ţ˵һҧӣūǧаˡ

һ̾Ϣںпһ˲Ҫʱ̣뵽˿ԼȴƵˣҲ뵽ǸгȴԼûаͬˣˣֻѩȻֻ϶һһۡ
˿̣һȺ壬˭Ҳ㲻ã
ۣᣬֵǳֵЦĴȥϵĶҪҪʩչаٱ䡷ıһòȵؼʱȥȵĳϡ
ʱʲôҲˡ
òΣ˱¶
ġߡ˲ת£
һƬսȫ֣ɱϮȥ
š塱֡
ȻϤò


799 ۣ
ƴдԽʵبžԶ˲˳ϵѪҺ꣡
ʱ·Ϯ塣
ơâ޾⣡
·ɱ֮ǰԲǿߵԱΪǰ࣡
ƴҲֵܵ·ʣһ·ȴҲס
ЩɱѾ϶һǿɱУɣ˭ҲȲ
廹̸Ц
ȴǺ˫ۣ֮Źâ
ȸ˫۸죬Ѫ裬ħȴڣǼɱĳϣѪţ˭ɱҡϺУѾŹ̵ġ֣ȴóƴ˻ȥתȵɱҴԪ˧ߣ
УѾһƬأɱǶʱԺʹǳɱͻȻϮȫ֮ϮŪ񡢶һ͡
һ֮ǳԱ֮ǿնƥĴɱߣȻоԼĵҲ̲ǰ֣һȴһץסȡı
֣ıƷ˾Ȼץס
ǡϳץס˭ǳϣ
ϡ֣ڳһתϣû˼ȴ϶ϣĳϣѩȻĳϡ
Уɱɱڳˣɰľľɾϲɣһס˵âʣµĺƺͽâƴ֮󣬾Ӧ
ǸɱͷҲϳ˳ϣһ֮оⱬȵϣȻԶǾȥɣ3ţԱ𣿡
ϣߣþҡ
غг˻ƣӻϼ񱼶ҪΪϵԱһͬʱȣԱǰ㻹Ա
УþֻƷıͬ飬ƬƬѣ3ŵĴɱߣʧѪ֮Ʒʲô
ʧѣԪˣͷ𣬱оȫһɣɱ飬Ҳһ˲֮䣬ʧޡ
3ﻹڡ⡱ţһʧ֣ղֻƷ֣Ѿס3ŵĲӣղԱһüͷηֺ3ţʱ˿̣ȴޱȵĿ־3ԼôģףĲӣƷıһ鲣
һĻֱó塢Щɱߣ·𶼱ʩ˶һûһ뵽ǰǿǿߣȴץС㣬ץס
3ţԱ
ɱͷһһţ3ԱԱˣץס3ţתɱͷȥɱͷӿϵвɿֻ
ϣһ𣿡ɱͷ˼άתü죬ʱ׳ջ󣬡ǣɱ˳壬㽫õĴ󹦣

³֣ɱͷӻȰ˵˵һһõԽ˵ϵԽ䣬ɱԽŨ
ۣ֮ŭ
ǳеۣԴã񣬴ɱͷӲˣóɱ壬ɱĵۣãã
ϣ㲻Ҫʶ̧٣㻹Ϊûɱ𣿡
ɱͷѾоѹһУȻϵģɱͷӻоͬȱˮ㣬ԽԽѣɱͷӲԥȵɱ
ɱߣӿɱ壬ȴǱһиϿס
ͬһʱ䣬ɱͷһУƬƳֶ£״æ˵콫Ƭϼϣ졭
ɻû˾Źͺ񣬺񡭡
أһܴӸ𣬶ʱϲעȴЩѣӵҲҪϡ
ţϵ𣬡ó˧
ǡ
ԺﻹǸܵĸȫأӦһǡ˲֣ϼ˵ţ˧šң
ʵϺ˵ĶӣĶӲķϲ񣬲һʦ۸ķĶӣʧġ
󣬲ǿ󣬵˵ͷɢŽţӣ㳤ˡ
ǸɱͷӣаѪΪףذɣ㣬͸ļ񣡡
Ͻ3ɱͷӣɱͷӽޱȣûȥӣҲûýȥն˿ȥлȣڤƣɱ
ɱ𣿸ɢ
һ䣬ƬƵɢ˿ķѣɱͷӿôʧɫвɸˡ֮۾Ȼâ
ΪѾԭ


800 ʲôҲҪ
ϰȡƳＯĶעʮһħڵʮʮħڵƷҩȵȵİ֮£ϲͨˡߡáߡ˲֮ٸһ¥
о̤Ҳ̤̤˿ãʵ̤֮£ֻ۳־֮⣬Ҳ
СӰĲ㣬ţѾڳǰ
֮⣬ɽľҲڳÿһȭʹáС֮£ҲӶʮ֮ʮ
Ȼʮ֮£ѹʮʮŲܹģ
һͨʵٴӣΪҲĻ֮£߽ʾ磬ֻа벽֮࣬ʵĳϣûнǰЩɱ߷
ʧԭٴγ֮ʱ3űϵ˹նɱͷӣɱͷӼ״â۾Ϭϸ롣
ڴɱͷӵǸ3ţһˣһѾɱͷУٴαˣﻹǰϲסϧ¶ѲһһغȻԱҲǳ岻Ϊڿֵĸǰϡ
Ŀ⣬һֱڳϣһϢҲ᲻ƿ
ϣԩ޳ΪҪ֣ɱͷӵıȣĳϽǰʹ3һնɱͷӼ˲˲ٽն¡
ʱ3ӱնѣһѪ
ɱͷӲδ˶ΣվƣΣգǱѪ·һ㣬ûĴҽȴһֹķʽɱͷӣɱͷ·ס
˵˭Ϊʲôҵսⶼ᲻ɱͷӿųϣʣȴײЩѪΣУÿһѪҺɱ
ɱͷٴȰ˵ϣֻҪŹңҪʲôҶܸ㣡
ʲôҲҪ
㲻Ҫң
ʣҲ㣬Ҫ㣡
δ䣬Ͻ3ŵĲ˳ȥɱͷӲ俿һýâƿննϣӵʱնм
Ѫɣһꡣ
ɱͷһû£ȻЩѪ⣬Ҳ֮ͬǰѪÿһ鶼̺Σϣ㵽ʲôֽţ
ûлش
еģֻǳһӰѪ⣬һȭɱͷӡ
ڤĳ֣
ɱͷǰһڵ֣ϷδȻǰɱͷӿųǸûһɢȭͷĪ־ʢȵ
Ȼˡ
δȴˣһȭˣƣɱͷӾѪѣȭͷȥƲûһ裬ɱͷ𾪣ϵȭͷѾض
ɱͷĿ࣬ؿϵֱۣ۵Ŀ־壬㡭
㡱˼󣬴ɱͷĿᶨȥɣűģҪԪˣоﲿλһʹ۾㿴һԲĶôǰԪˡ
ɱͷӿѪѣ˾ȵǣû࣬ûԪ˵Ĵɱͷӣûȥ俴һۣ³֣ţ
ʲôɱͷӲֻֻ֪ܿ룬ȴһ£˵˰仰
˶ųϣΪ
Ⱥûбնɱʮɱȥڸʾ֮£ЩɢҲ˵һߣֻ³϶ʮɱߡ
ʮɱߣûһֹ۱飬һۿɼģȫǾǵͷӣǺ޻֮ͱгϵ£࣬ʵͲ̫Զˡ
׽ӳ죬ǲܵˣϾڴӪ֮Уɲǳصģ˵˵ǰһˣԸˣʮʣµֶΣԱ֮⣬ҲûЧֶΡ
һɫĽӳ۳ûжóϢ֮ͨԪǣԪУȴ̺ʮ
һϣɱ
ʮɱһÿ˵죬ѾųˡֿͣϵɫնһԲ֮󣬳гʧ
ϲʮˣת壡
һ꣬ڵϣŵһɽ衭
һ꣬ڶѾʹûбֻܣսȭͷȴѪ
Щ꣬ɽҩҩιҩ
һ仰ӣ㣡

ÿһϵԺУֳһĻ棬м俪ʼʮɽ֮Уÿһ棬Կ̳㡣
Щ
ߵĲ·飡
վڳǰ֮ʱʮΪĴɱߣӱѣѪ̻


801 
ʮΪĴɱߣгһʱδȻ԰㣬ǰţֻǵĿͣԶڡϣҲܽӺﱩȶ
ֱվڳǰʮͻͬʱѿѪĴɽڿУ̻ѪȾ̻ÿһ˵
ѪȾ̻䶨ʱǸҪȴδüĴɱͷӣҲʮ˵ĺ󳾣Ȼп
ʱһлȴ˧
ãܺã
УŵģϲãԺҲţǰĶӣʿ㲻ϣĽ񳯽սʱȴ̸Ц䣬һȺʣۣҷ
ţ֪ҳĶӣĬĬܱ֮ԡ֮ƣѣһӣ
ϵӣţûֱ
ڸ˵ʮ̻ԶԶûǸͷ𾪣Ϲδ𣬸Ѿȫ϶еǸ²⣬϶֮󣬸𾪣ױȣǲţǵү𣿡
ΧˣȻ벻ͨ͸еȴһնʮǿߣ۶ȫ֣﷭ž캧ˣԼûǵϣ벻Ͼһ㶼ԩЦƻСһȥ
ʸ۾ⱬϾȻû⣬ڴ󽫾һְӲˣʸͷŻʸܿƣʸܿƹȻѰһ˲ţȴʸܿһĳƣʸʵСãϿл˲ţôأ
̫Ӹ磬㲻оϵʵߵ𣿡
ʸܿôһ˵ʸԺʱһ磬˼תôߵʵܽɱʵ˵ΪҲۣܽʮһնɱܽ˲նɱѵ˵ϣøɽͷее𣿡
һ֣ʸһǾôһطȻͻȻðǿߣһֻһܣˣһˣܹ任òķֻ̫ࣻǣֻòñ䣬ΪϢȴȫһһ𣿡
ʸﻹĳΣģȴǳȥʱʸֵܿ˵̫Ӹ磬ϣʮа˾ţǳˡ
ˣ
ʸ͵һ𣬿òһ㶼ȫϡ㡱֮ƵСãһͷַСܹϳΪһԣǡ
ϲɫٴθڻʸϣһʱ䣬ʸ˼Ȼת˼תʸܿƶɸȴǽʸı仯
˵ϣ𣿡

ҺڣȻ˧ɾòˡ
һᣬ۾ʪһ˵һβξջ񣬲һǧɱһԽɳݳ˾ǰ⵹Լھ񣬴Ӵֱϣǣ˵ȫٴΪٸߣʵǿԼסкãк壿һδϽԶԭԼ
˧
ǰڣ˧Цţ˵ϣӪ˧Ҫúл㡣

ȥԳ˵ǰסҪʱȴͷ˵Ϊ˴죬֮£Ͽڡ
ǣ˧ЩΪĽ죬˵˿ǰĳΪûУ̫Ҳ΢΢ס
˻棬ڱ֡
ϴųӪȥݺᣬûӪ֮УƲסص϶

ȴϣҲͬһʱ
һ㶣һЦݣӲãҵĶӣ
׻𣿡
ãý㵻棬Ϊƽ
ǺТܷǰ
ҡҡͷһУ˵κ˿Ӫʡ
ǣӡлǼ֡
ֻʣ˶ʱϲʩչаٱ䡱ָòһڵأˡ
ͺãͺáԵĳ壬Ҳ߶æϷʵӣôģ


802 £
ϽԼɽѪпʼ˵ֱׯɽһսΣҲֻһʴ
ˣҲľųϲϲǶǣ˵֮󣬳һץסӵ֣ϸϸһܡ
κ󣬲ͣ̾ţ漣漣漣ָ֮̾ųǿ壬һϵеѯ֮󣬳˵ӣ֪һԺʲô𣿡
֪
Ժģӣ֮ǿ

ǵð𣿡
ǵã
ϵԺУڴӿڣ·һȭһȭ򵹣һһƴĻ档
ǵõ˵Ļ𣿡
ɺսᣡ
ɽʧ֮󣬰Ϊȹ˵µħʥ֮Уڴﵽнľ磬Ҳ㸺֮˵ͣһ£ЦȻҶӱǾͺմϰˡ
Ϻûַ緶غץץͷɵɵЦЦ
ǰһӣҲǰ߾Уûжֺһǰ˾ɱ֮ʱѾصʥУˣҲʱˡһֱؼǵãɱĶӡ

˵ȻڵΪҪսǾ֮ͣϾʥеӣǻвС鷳Գ˵ж鷳Ҳǲ塣
̸֮󣬳һЦ˵Ͳ֪Ϊʲôɳ˧𣿡
ܵڰ׼Ҵﵱ˧ҵĵ
ͷЩ꣬׼ҴѾûˡ
ûˣ׼Ҵ嵽׷ʲô£һѩ
ߺ󲻾ã׼Ҵ㱻һǿ˴壬ȫŮɱ˸⣬˰һҰ׼Ҵ֮⣬⡣
ҿѩ
ѩţҲϲ
ڸһŴԲΪǿߣ
а
鵽Ļǿ𣿡ɱ˵׼ҴļңѩСãҪΪΪСñ
˵Ҳ֣ǿ˰׼Ҵ壬ʧӰ٣ֹһعٸ׷飬Ҳûһͷ
ȭ
˵һβ֮󣬳建˵ǽҵĳӣӭȢףΥүүԸûȢʼ֮Ů㣬㾭ִҪŭң׵˰׼Ҵ壻ȥɽʧ֮үүһؼңԭȥ֮Ѱټ˳ң㵽˾Уս±󣬷Ԫ˧
彫ž˵һ飬ɻʵڰ׼Ҵʮ꣬Ƕûз֣ôһߣǾͷˣ
ϣӦúͰйء
𣿡
ʦҸʦϳҡ
𣿵ʦ㶯𣿡ţ۾Ϭޱȣű
һЦȻϳңﻹҶ֣ǶˣоҲŷ뵽ǸӡʵˣһˣоŷƣҲճǣ
Сӣг˵ȷЩȥǣΪ˵ɽĴƬɭԵ޹ʧһ£ἰ£ǸӣҲܹ
Ǹɽɭ֣Ūġ
µϡ
Ц˵ֽҵҪԱ˵һ£ֱ˵óЩͷΣû˵֮⣬ôݣһɽƧСӣԺյļơ
ˣӣξΪʲô
һЦұŪһøžŰٵӣһŴ
֮⵱ģԵȫһ˼һ£˵ӣҪҪȻؼҼһ棿
ϵʱҪӦ뵽ǰôΣգ£ʲôˣǿɲУ¼صȸһϢײҪģʱһȥ
Ȼұλڴ󽫾һְ
⡭
˧ϻʲô˼ɣΪĿģʱ䣬ߣڡ
֪ӵĹ˼ɣЦͲףҶдȻãѵûĵãûھŷ˱죿
ܡ
ⲻˣЦֵӣϼɳ̣

˵á
á
̸ڡ
һߣʸܿʸĽ֮վصУ


803 Լˣһ
У
СãΪʲôУ
ʸܿƶһ£ڣǱʶﶼΪǸǲξԳСӣôһ·ϣħѵһǻһᱨأţҲֹоǲ
ʸһСⷬģĵȰ˵ʮа˾ǳˣʵǳҺҪȡϣǾ൱ȡ˳ңܹ֧磬ǶĿܣͻϺü֣
ǶǶ̫ӸоֻеǶûСõҸ𣿡
ôûУʵҾ³˧⣬ڴ󽫾Ӳģµʱ䣬ʹһڴ󽫾ˣ䲻𣿡
̫Ӹ磬ûУϻжߵʵҪòܴﵽ꣬İ꣬Ǹ࣡ʸܿͻ뵽һҪ⡣
ʸһ㶣Ҳòʵһ̾Ϣ֮˵Сã˵ûеǶֵܵ˶һʲô³ֻʲô³ĸ󡭡
仰ֱӻ˻ʸܿƵʸܿҲǳĬ̫̾Ӹ磬ѵû˳ϣû˳ңͲܵǶ𣿡
ȻܣǣʾҪСϼ֣ǳתͷֱ֧Ļӣǻʾͻٴνͼ֣
ûӻʵķ
У
ʸɾػشʸܿƴϲæʣ̫Ӹ磬ʲô
һԳһģһ˫̥ã͸´ˣõ´˵֧֣
ʸܿĪԣϳѣ֪˶ٸ´ˣȴûһ´ģҵ𣿡
Ѿҵˡ
ģ̫Ӹ绹ϽȥץסʸܿƴϲʸŻʸܿƣ˵ԽûĪϵ

Сãú룬еǸˣǲͬһˣ
ʲô
ʸܿƵ𾪣粨ˣһ˻һ˸ߣϸֿܣԻͦ󣬻ʸֵСҪȷϣ̻صǣһ֪̽
ʸܿûȥȴʵ̫Ӹ磬ô˵Ƿǵýϡ
Լˣʸӹ˵
ĬõĳĬ󣬻ʸܿԵص˵ͷʸȰ˵ɹϲϺΪȻ˵Сã綼ģȸ硭
ʸܿƲ̫Ӹ˵꣬˳ȥȴţѵҵһҪһͷһ𣿡ʸܿӿĲġ
һߣһѵƣŭΪʲôôˣɱһΪ˶𣿻ʧô
Ըȥ³ԴһëԼ´ŭɫֻ侲ˣճ߻϶ǿ
۶ǿһ
֪ģҲ֪ʵǣòǳ֣һ֮ǱߵĲþɣʱһɽճҲûмɻˡ
Ӣ
һܣôӺùԽеİӣʹԽӲͣӪǰڳһսݵľ棡

һֶˡ˵ţнԶ
Ӫɱѽѷ֣Ҳñ񣬳Ȼ仯ǧȴҪһߣҲǾϲѣҲþоȴǵֲס㹥ƣֻ֧ܽţϲĶӣĶӳɳ˾˵ĵز
ֱʱ֣ŷֳʤȴǳӮˣõһʮֶΣ
ãʤûа־ɥЦ˵
ǵ顣
ҡҡͷȡ飬˵һ滹ҵĵᣬȥúооŶ⣬С޼Ҳ˼Ȼֽ㣬̫󣬵Ͼǳ
ġ
Ͻӹ飬һƣ飬æڣӣľòãţҪսгٵɣõ̷
оȲѵĲϲãȴͻ˵ӣ֣ʱܱ¶оȵȣҪܡ
֪
УҪĴԪ֮ʱһø͹
лл
¶ӵļ˵ˣȥ׼׼ھȥүԺеʱۡ
ϸ˳壬ŸǶȥ߳˧ӪûжԶһĨٻӰǰϼţɣȴȭ


804 ɱŨ
ǸûأǳأʸܿתӣЦ˵ϻص۹뻽ʲôС
ģʸܿƶüһһ˫رһˮ
ϼ״ɣȴ˵Ȼġ
ǺãӺɷ򣬱һԾŶᷴڡʸܿȸϴһñӺǰ֮ľ룬߶ѣǱɴµͦŮ壬ϵţ㣬ֱϵıǼ䣬۾Ũӣ󣬽Ρ
һţ
ķΪ
һһ㶣ղʸܿƵľٶԼµ˷ֺȴûϵʸܿƻ֡
ѵ뷴ڲɣ
ʸܿƵ޹ǣһϵĻﵹȥϢһ˵ľ롣
Ǻ⣿
ʸܿưԹǰһѵ㲻Ը⵱ҵ𣿡
һСӣϹĽ֦Ҷ
˵ϣϡʸܿƼ۽һˣʸܿƲ˵Ļᣬ֮ǰ۸˱һʹУǷ˱һ飬ڱǵʱˡ
˳֮䣬Ѿµ˻ʸܿƵĿĺڣǣôܹӦܿζֲУڻ֪أ
˵̫ӻõ⣬ǵס
ӣһһ£ΪĲٻ󣬲Ȩ˱һ죬֮⣬㻹һǱ󣡡
ʸܿ˵ţɴʼ䣬¶ﻹвţҪˣǱɾҪˣôҿĺ
ϵ治ˣˣǰһ¶ЦݣǳϵأҪʸܿƵ§뻳УʸܿƿֹӲһϽ֮۵ףӷȥ£ҪָʸܿƵ
ʸܿûϵһֱϷŪĳϣͻȻ˵Ļʸۣܿᱡ췹ˣǣһ뵽ϵ䣬뵽ôӣͷӸˣʸܿҲܲˣһתȥ
ȴֲƵ˵Ǳģ
ϿȥϵЦݣȥղ֮ԷΪǿ˻ʸܿµĵִϺʸܿƻ뵽ǵĿģɫһƬĮӦòµҾǸ˰ɣϣǲҪҵĵߣǵĽ֣Ƹӱҡ
ص¾ľӪҰ˿ųϣӾηӿȣȻ˵˳ǰչʾ磬Ұоųϣȷѡ֣տʼȫûбҪųһǧ¾Ϊһǧ˽ʦҰһϣȴ׻ʸܿƵ֣϶պضΪʵûϵΪô죬ôͣԶĻҪҴöࡣ
ΪھһԱ𣿡ϵһ¾Ǽʧ̶޾񻶣ʱһֱĳЩӰϽǵľӪǵȥˡ
¾ˣھȴĬˣɱ˵Ĺ£һӦǲܣ飬ȴ͵ز˼ʮꡭ
ʱҴҹȳƽ֮ʱϾλڴ󽫾ϢѾӪҲ¾˻ھӪ
죬ϲ˻λ죬ûڴ󽫾ûھɨ磻ɽ죬Ͼͳ˻ڴ󽫾
֪ȫ廢ھԳϣĵִ
ûΪԼĶӳֻóԼӦԣ̫ʸܿƵֳʸܿһֱɫԺﲻϸֳһĻﲻɰ󣬳󡭡
ʮھʿվڸ̨ϵĳϣûйӭûлûУֻԵĳĬŨɱÿһھǴѪȷɱɱҶʮںһȫϣɱʵʻˡ
ɱһǿߣҲܽѹסã
ȻϳϣЩɱȴǹϣ
ǰһֱɱȵûڣֻ㱾ǸɱŨһЩ𣿸𣿡ӵĻŭ˻ڡ
ʮȡ˱ѪȾðĻڵ뻮һڿգпȣɱ
ɱ
ǵļ𣿡ٴδ


805 壬
ɱɱɱ
ɱ죬̫ӻʸоɱǣ൲令ҲʸܿɱУҲǻʧɫǾһħѵ̱ڵء
˿̣ʸţЩɱûң˺֮ǳ˶ʮȫɱĳϣֻ
û󣬸̨֮µ¾ǣûиоɱΪЩҪȥɱȫϽ
ɱһʢʢѽϿյĽڸǣܽɭɭ⡣
Ȼ򣬳Ͽģȴǣ

Ȼ
ǽô㱾£ʵڲƻڶ֣䵱ҵ£
ζĻھͷų޾ɱֱϱƵѪǣҲֻ룬ڵɱѾļˣǵǣȫѪˡ
ɱŨˣ𣿡
һʣ֣켴֣Ũûɱֱо˽ȥ˴󾪣ӺȻϢ֮󣬶ʮھεѪͷųɱһ˿һô档
ȫɣó
һĻûʸܿƴ죬öʮͫ׷Ŵ󵽼¡
Ҳ
˵ɱͷŶЩɱɱ֮۳ɱˮǸǧɱ¾нȾɱ
ŨɱһƬӰƣʮھ֣
ʮھӷתеΪҲֵסųս󣬻ǶԿ˳ͷųɱϥסϹȥ
Ի˵ϥҪ˵أǾǳ裬ʮֵز裬ɳ裬ԽԽһԵĻʸˣȴûиоһɱ
ĽûûʸһǶԳϵʵһ㣬ͷųɱȶʮڻҪŨȴûа˿й¶ݿһǿ߿
ˣ
һƬ𶯣ʮھ嵥ϥŵˡ
ǸϵĵһΣ
ɱ£һ͵󺰵ճģ󽫾켴һͬȣ󽫾
Ѹɢǧˡ
ûѹֻǵʵһվ
֪ôģھϸղŵľٶǸһնʮʵĹ£⣬ûгֶʮھһͬվȵĳ棻֮ǰܹʮһ˰ʹȻǶԳԻھĳʾ嵽ƣǵľͲˣ˵֪ƵΪÿһ˶ͬ
ˣҲнǧվ˵ǧˣ϶Ƶҷӡ
ġɱӺᣬϵȻܾҲỨ˼ȥлжǣֻȵѾ̫ѺΣǵ˼Ƕ̫ӵĴò𣿡
ǧһ㶣Ҫȴǻᣬȵǧ£仢ھ仢սÿ˾ʮϳھ
ճģѪˣ㹫˽𣡡
ž
һĶ⣬˵ϣӣ߸𣬳Įش˳ˣʮ
ճģ㡪
һپ
˿ǧˣһپѱ˸ھʿɰ
£
¾ǰǧ¶ӣΪƾ¾ΪͲܽ£Ȼ¾ߵǰʱǧڲȻ֣Ǹˣֻ¾Ϊ
һǧ˱Ѻǰ棬¾ֻһǧˣȻǲͬʱ̣ûǷδ¾ȴ˵ǧˣ˭վʹһپƷԪʯһף
һǷھʿǣһʯҲѪˣǲξĿʲôΪΪ
ǰʹҲΪΪھܵĲȻͻ࣬ȻҪڣǰٷǾǾԵɵˡ
ȻΪۣͬЩ˿ܾò˼֣
ǧȥĻڣųϵɷشЦ˼Զճģļƻʵֵģܻ˳ġ
Щ˵Цûе߳Ȼסȴǵһվ˳϶һվĻ˵ʲô֣
裡

ڣ


ӼΪھһͳ죬ԺȥʦһٿƷԪʯ
ϻ£ɵˣû뵽ôһڱͷϣһѣεĸоһͳ찡һٿƷԪʯƷԪʯ
軹
ŷӦæȵ½ܵ͸ԸΪϸͿأЧζ
ڳˣʱһƬȻ


806 Ը¾״
ھʮʮͳ죬챻¡


Ϊһվ͵˵һͳ죻Ϊ˷ŭ˲м˱ӣǣˣȴĽʼ
һȺ˳˳ǳʣµľŸͳǴԪʯ
̶ʱ䣬ǧѾлǰ壬Ϻȵˣ˭ǰ벽ʮ
ЩڳǰĻڣס˲ӡ
ʸܿƿĲˬ֪⻢ھʰòˡ
ϿǧеĿ⣬ǹһףԺȥʦƷԪʯûٷųͳλã֮ԸǸλãǴ̼ǣͬʱǣʣ¾Ÿͳ죬˭ϣͿǵˡ
ȻҪϵĻ
ȥҰȡԪʯҲǳϸҰ·ֶΡ
֮ǧڣɵʧкڸղŵһܳģΪʲôԼĻڣȴĽǧˣǱϾйһףƷԪʯ졣
ǣȴʲôûС
ղžһҪٿһҲǧеһˡ
֪Ҳȥˣʲô˼ģԪʯʵڡ
ϧϧ
ָĺͷӻھʿ𣬳һپ飬ߣһپұϳھ

һǧ¾ӦӦǧڣҲϽӦ켴ȥǧ˱ԪֵһˣȴԪѳȡŢ㣬ʱĻţԳϺ޵˼¡
֮ˣҲ飬㣬ǰ治ɫǧˣֲסˣвҽƿնһһңڿУ໢ڣɫ䡣
һĲҽУ˵ҲжңεңǶôôɱңⶼûϵֻҪǸʵӭңǣʱýӺ³׼ҲǾǧ˺ܲңҸǣҲһˣֻǸң
Ϊǻھ͸һȣҲΪڣǰҶʮȫվҾ͸ҽǶʮȫھ뻢ھΪڵľʿڣΪ˾ͲǣʮǰʲôĴڣģֻһʱ䣬ѵһ֧ʵǿĻڣʱ٣
ЩûڶУΪھʿΰȥ˲١
ȻûվҲˣǺ˵˼ΪڣøǿĻ᣻ҵּܼ򵥣й֮ͣǰʲôһСıĹжͣйͷǽøϳȥľ͸ϳȥ
оŸͳ죬ڴǵĳ֣
Ǽˡ
󣬳ְҰжΪʦľûн¾ŵھְ¾Ϊ׾
Ӧ𵽣ѾܳϿƣ۰źְаַţһˣǰ;ض޿
ʱ̣ǧ˱һϢˣιǵҩס󣬽̧˳ȥȻ¾Ρ
ڻڼˮûһ֮ͣʱ⣬˵ǽѵǻڣǾӢ˭Ҫûģڣ

һû뵽̨һ죬ͿʼѵǣɳѾתˣǲа㵡󽫾ǾԵ˵
˧Уһã̸ųϽΪʾ̾ʱ˽󽫾ǸϽӭϲȴʣûаڳףǵίߡ
Ȼߵһλϡ
λУȫĽ֮ɫ̶ʱ䣬ʹǧ˽˻ڴ󽫾Ǵ쿪һλɳȴûаָп㲻ʲô¡
֮Ϊǿʵ
һ嵽ûкѣԶ¶Ŀ󣬿żɽ˵õ鱨ԽִˣнʮԽ
ЩԲ˧ӥԸ
Ը

׷ųսĴûᣬǶϺˣ˵ǼǿΪǾʮĴսͷӵò̫󣬳ǵ˹ĪΪ
ټ֮ϸոսֻھûϤھ滹ìأ£ھܳս
Ȼȴû룬վ˵ھԸսԸ¾״ɱʮԽ
С
һ


807 ǳϹ
״
Ծһû뵽ϻսû뵽¾״ҲǴܣȫߣ״ɲ˵ģʱûҪԴġ
תͷЦҸλڴ󽫾һְδʲôͣҲøңΣ
ôһ˵˭ȥ
˭ҪҪҪǰ㣬¾״ȫʮԽ
֮⣬ϵʵĶпǳˣع֮£˭Ըȥһǿˣã˵Ŵ޳ϵĻ
һҹ̸Ҳ֪ӾǿҲԣʻھӭսʮԽ֮󣬳ֶһ䣬Сġ
˵֪ʵǿǱȶʵǿģҲ٣¸ĸģɲռĶӣʲô⡣
ܵ飬ϵ˵ͷתߣصھӪھϤα任ò˵ھȷʵǾеľŶ̶ʱ䣬ȻԲһȴҲģģ
ϵϸ̨ͣھ峿ǰִͣ£Ͽ˵˸״ҪȥȫʮԽ
û̵棬ֱ˵˳ھһ㶣켴ϲԺսֻսͻԳǵҪܵõ档
ֻһҪ󣺲Ҫ׹˻ñ˿ڣж֤Ǿܵ˳裬ùϴˢ
ͳ죬һս֮󣬻ᱻѡ
Щ㲻ǹƻȴ˵˻ھĵֵϢʱװҹ֮󣬳
ھװָ߲ĿռҲС֧һγоսϵΪڵȵȷ¾ҲǻھˣھϢˣȴҰȾʦ˴δս
ȻɳޱȣǱϾ̸ֽɳУܽ¾ָʹɻھһδ֪¹ؼʮ˵սȻܴ⡣
ȫ鶨ɫҹϴǧ˵Ķʮھ̵̤̣̤һ˲䣬ϾͷųСС˳̽á
ʮԽȻ˴ʮȴŷɱ˧Ǽ£ǰ߾ӪǰδеķɭϣԽĶǣͽϢͲȥ
ԣԽֻΪڴ󽫾ƣ֪ѻˣԳϵϢһŲ֪֪ģֻƵϢ
Խɶɣ˴ʮҲ߸䣬ʵͳʮģǱϣĳϿɲһɽĳϰô࣬ڱγϽɫģԲһĽɫ
ϣн۵Ϊ
˿̣ʮӪկ߸һӦԣֱ˵оնɱھǵ£Ϸֻܸնɱ
ھôȫƣֻҪϽնɱǶʮھǵ񹭡֮£ͻҷ𣡡
Ⱥףھʹͻ˲è

߸죬ûڷѾʼ̸սʤ֮󣬸棡
һҹоʱ֣ѾŽʮڿ˰ǧʮȻҲزסģҲûȥأȴǰӪկ
ʱ䣬Сɻأϵ֪ǾԽѾ̫ԶǰٶнʱֱǡʱƵУͻسһֻӥڿա
ϿǷӥСİ˵ĻԥȡǿĹΧʱ׳Ҫʲô𾪲ѣﶼɸʣôľ룬󽫾𣿡
ಡ
ɻ֮УѾ֮˳ȥųļذ㣬ֱڿգȻͨӥоΣ˳Ӷݣɳȶһ롭
أѪӥ䡣

Χڼ״һȣٿʱ۾֮飬֡
ϿӥԺѾ⣬ԽϹӣ֪ʵһᣬԳ䲻⹥䲻Ļ᣻ϵִС֮УѰһʺϴսĵط
ĬĬһ¾룬ʱ֮ٶо
ھٴоʱԽУһȴǽ֮ɫϣʱˣӥûл᲻ʲô⣿
ۣһ˵鱨ھΪߵľƣƵΪҪɱӥЩѶȡ
ǡ
ˣԷһɳ̽̽Ѱھ٣
ڶ´֮ʱϽСٴη˳ȥ佫ӻھԽ·֮ˣȫɱһڡ


808 ССţ飡
ĶϣűϢɫԽԽЩƣӥûټ̽Ѿȥÿһˣ̽ȫӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
Ȼʮ˵ţһë㲻ϣ˵ʧ٣ȴǴźصĺ
ѵھһֽ֣˲ɣﻳţ˼һ߸ȫʮֵľھ͵Ϯ
ʱѾ뻢ھ֮ǰҵĴս֮أʵʲ̽κ󣬳Ǳصףһʱ֮󣬳ϲŴƵض˻ھӪ
ʱ಻˰
Խоһʱ󣬲иΪλãǰѡĴս֮أûһˣҲûо쵽״߲컹һ˵ţ̫ˣǿɱȻھʮ򣬾ͻȻϮҲǶ֡
ھ˵ôΪûԲ䣬ҪʿǻھӴɨأЩͻһһɱ
ʯҲܽȫס

߲׷״ԼĲжţ֮ʱظоشҵ𶯣߸ʱľʲôȻֳ˴Ķ
ѵĳֻޣ

²ţǸԲͻһָǰ찡ʲô
ھ
ھɱˣ
ղŻ̸Цȫûھ߸죬Ȼɫ䣬ֵؽкţϽԼ׼սǸոиԽǰľ񾢣ȴһ׵¶ŻڴıƽԽԽԽǻˡ
Ȼ̤ڿУҵԽƳԣȴҲ֪ľ״̬ȥͻھսضҰܡ
ת˲֮ϱ⣬ҪնɱƵʱǰһȿΪԽȡʱ䣬ܴھʿԽʿ
ˣ̤ռУӻڿƮƣ󺰳ƥڣɸϷһսҲ˼֮
ԾУɢнʵΪŶϣҪս𣿡
ϼ״ȣСޣ㲻Ϸ֣Ϸһ·ƸϽ
ƣ
ϲ⣬ȵƲԳԷƣϷȡƥҲҹ
ȡ㻹񡣡
ССʣҲҲ񣡡ϵȻΪڷŴ󻰣ҲЦŻصۣţ
ѿ֮СӣϷһʽɽѹ
ϵĻ£ʱոһƬɽӣԲʮɣɽһ֣գޱȣһƥֱѹϣ·ֱԽĻڴҲƱѹסжΪѡ
һĻԽϲкš޵Сɱȥ
е˼ֻϧôһҲƵɽ𣿡
ϵ˵ȴǴ󾪣һʾġɽѹ֮¼ֵס϶ͱѹ
ǣˣ治ɫȴһѹûУһޱȵӡ
ȭ˲ѹ߲
󣬡ߡһʩչ
ϿϾȭͷɾúЦЦϷɽѹȭƵģԲһֻû˵ϱٴοǾһӰ
ʱûɵػˡ
ССţ飡
䣡
ȭʮɵġɽӡʱѿŻΪĩѪڣǾ֮ɫӸǲѣûоʹ˷ǽѪ͵ѵġɽӡ֮ϣ켴ѵġɽӡۿɼٶҡɽӡֱʮɣ͸ƣ֮ǰʢ
󣬱Ѫȣɽ飡
Ϻò³Ѫɽӡۣһ֮󣬡ɽӡ鿪¶ȣ룺ԽĹ򣬻Щһ
ɽӡˣϻûжֻϸϸţšɽӡ飬ĻܣҲԽԽ㣬۾һ
ϼûжΪסˣ֪СϷɽӣһɣ
ԭˣ
һ䣬ٴγֱ֣ӳġɽӡһ㶣ʹҲòżɣ


809 ն
ֻԾ顰ɽӡУ
ɻΪϸղһȭֳʵɲΪܹͷųģ˭ֻҪϷɽУֻ飡ɣ
ͷ䣬ϱ㿴ϸղŻơɽӡֻȭͷϣһг֣ųʱлСÿ
һգۼ䣬ӭһ㣬ɴС
Ȼнɣʮɵġɽӡ˵ȫɱСʮ
Ȼȴɫ䣬ɽӡ֮Ȼȫо˽ȥ֮⣬öǣУ봫˵еıƵĳô
ѵ˵ǰСӾǱƣǱģôܳ˴أһʱţ뵽ǰпƣѾȫˡ
ɽӡ֮ԽԽؽ˳ϵ֮У
ɫ԰׵ʵ㵽˭
أЦ˵
Ҳ£
ϸоԼҪˣȴʵǡȶ˵꣬ϵġɽӡѾȫ飬֮Ҳȫȡ
󣬳϶ŶϣٴЦ¶ˡ
ܣ
һЦ
ϡϱܵԳơϷ򡱣õϢ˵ǰԳơϷˣϽŽͷס̻Ǹ֣æӣת˵Ǳɽ
ɽ˱ͷóһЩɵɽԴˣûб̫ϣΪƣһڵӶնɱôܾ˱
ȳ˵ɽֵǰʵǿԺ

ҿһҲˬǰһһȥ֮󣬶Ȱֶһڣ
ǹ𾳽Ϊ
УУȻУйΪǱһλڣǳ뻯ɽû֮ǰĸ󣬽뵽ģܹѹסϵˣȫ˵˳
ͦġ
ǵǵġ
Ǳôһȶʰˣ
ȣɽˡ
һȭɣϲٶԣȭٳ˵һȭղɽ֮Լ֮УҲĿˡ

ɽһתˣʮԽĶϣȻɱɥ֮ȮȫڵʮھȴҰָ֮£ô˻ᣬӿɱ¡
ܲ˵ġ
ϵ˵ɽڶȴһ㣬鼱֮Уϴ󺰵һҪ鱨ܷһ·ұ㡣
ûлشֻܣɽֻܶһѣȵʮԽֻն
նһݣԺһɽоһͣΪлϣϽ˵ĿľǻھоʮѾɱǵĴӪ
Ŀһ֣ɽڴ󺰣֪ĶˣĹҰɡ
ǴӪжپ
ɽ˲׳ϵ˼ȴû˿ԥ˵нʮ
ʮˣǲǱˣ
ǡǴϡ
ˣȥɣ
һȭɽȻֵʧ֮£͵סԼͷųȥǹܣֻӣͻϺһ
ţ䡱һǹɡ顱֮ȫˡ
ɽһʮԽʿȫʧ߸ɥƴش󺰵סǣסھʿӡ
ˡ״ĳϣȻѣӴӿڵϣصһ˲䣬ȳһ֣ݣ
켴ԽһƬأԤ׵ȥ
һԲɵĿӣǰ
Уһһļ̣ݵʱнԽ˴ޣ֮УҽѪ硣
ӣȻǳһʱĽЩ̣Ҳǳô֮µ۶ɣϵѹЩ̣˿ڷı
ӵĳ֣ǿɱԽǶʣ¶ʮԽĺ·;ĻɢԽ״˲ˡ
ûţõɱȥʵɱЩˣȷЩ۸ˣڳȴЩʮԽ͵ϮӪʲô⣬Ͻ
ԣϾؽǰⳡ֣ȻҰ˹ԽӪһˣϻǰ߾Ӫصߡ
ɫ棬ԳΪģʼӿȥ


810 ʼɽʮ
ɫ棬
ûͷųЩΪЩʵ̫ԣ΢ȽϹעһģ𣬱֪ˣˣõͨļ
ˣӿҲÿһԽʿֵܵסģҳϵļô𣬼Ҳڲ֪Ӱ죬һļҪǿ
һҾҵزҽ˷Խ˿ӣ̣е˱գеıھʩչĸ似С
ݣѪˮ
رǿϵЩԽңһն߼ʮ˱룬뼸˻ҷѪɱսûһ
Ϻôھ³й֮޲ͬʱҲڰ̾Ĵսǿռʵ̫
ɳڣȴûȥֱ̾նңҪƴϻȥأ
ȻûзŹƴɱսϵɱЩ㣬ξĿ֮һ
죬
ҵԽУЩ콹ŵвԽʿ˼ЩȻֻһС֣ԽӴĻ˵Ҳнˡ
ಡϣʱ籩꣬׷
ϼ״ٳʱоȥȼУϱͷųУըһɷ֮ʱڿգȥ
ҽһ߳ȴ죬Ⱥ֮УӰˮǰΪҲǲͣɶԳ˵ѹ㽫һȭ⽴
һԽκοս֮ģȫƴȫѭɺд䣬Ǹ޿ӣֻбɱ
ϲٵ飬ҰԽʰɾ֮󣬴ŻھԽĴӪھҲɱ÷񣬶ȻûһִսŨ
һ֮󣬳Ͻߡе£ǰ߾Ӫϻأһ·ϣϻϣԽûôٶȣûչ
Ȼϻʱʱ䣬껢ھһҹټӰϵ·̣Ӫ֮ʱɱ졣
ҲûȥʮԽôô쵽ֻӰ֮վԽϿգ˿йսϵһ۵ס
һɨϷ֣ӸûңǾ׼ǡ˧£Ա߻лʸˣػڲ࣬⣬ɶˡ
ʱԽҲ˳ϣȵڱϿվǻòͷˣʼ䣡
䣬Խ˹ɫâҫ
ʼ˼壬ܹɱʣͬʱҲǺˡ
ȻԣǻһĨЦߡʩչʼĹȥʱԽųʼ
ʼڿգȴҲĿ꣬Խʿھ֮УزҽȴǳѾ򹭼ֵȺ֮С
ЮɭɭɱһأʱȭӰǵأǸԽ
顢顢顭
ײ֮Զȭȭ⣬ȭȭǴ˷ĲҽÿһȭЩԽۣװݣ͡
Щ֣Ǹһľ룬ɵΣԲСǡʼܹʣֻ֪ϧһ˱ϡ
ȳˣȫûϵϵٶȾȻ֮죬ٿոһո򹭼ֵѪˣ򹭼ֵ֪˶پ˹ģڣȴһɱú޻֮
˭ľǻھˣɫȻ䣬ԺﲻϻһͷѵʮˣھŸ˻
£Լܣ϶ڰ·ϽӵŸϻģôԶ·̣ô˶̵ʱ͸ϻҲãʮΧͽˡ
һҰο˻صʵ͵ѪһڣΪ򹭼֣Ȼ˽֮һ˴𣺡ɽʮɱ
ߣʮ̤նֱ˳ϣ϶ŷʩ֮ˣɶһЦй죬һ˲䣬дâ
Ϊɱϵɽʮڰ·ռûüʩչ似ͼնһƳһڣзƿ֮ǲԶ
켴ɽʮն䣬Ѫ⽦ڿա
˼˲״һź̺ϣ


811 ɽ
ϣң
ʵ򵥣ܹ֪һȺó¶ɱ֮ľ˸պնɱɽʮĳϣǰ˵ûܾȵ㡣
䣬һӰ롰˧첻׵ĵطƿնٳϳﻹһʣ𣿡
Ǵϣûм̳֣ȴǶת֮ǰӰʵ
ϷǱϣ
Ͽһ۴ϸղųĵطɫͻһ䣬ΪϵĿʲôȻɱ˧֮ˣи߽ۻǴϱϢȺУ˧쿿ǳϱƵô˺ֻ´Ѿɱȥ
һ뵽⣬ɱʱ羪
ϷɱСϱ˵ţ˻صߣûʸ֪ҵ֣

Ϊܾȵ
ѵ㻹Ϸǰɱ𣿡
Բ֪ˣ
ЦţӰ͵һȭ֮ѹʮһİġȭȭ֮л𻨳֣з
𻨣ǳͷųģźƥ֮ȭͷܿĦĻ𻨣
Ծۣ֮ٸоǷ磬з·ҪץʲôȴǸһ͵Ĥһʱͱƣץ֮ס

Ͽϻȭ֮ĿͻϬּĵӣŭһһƬ̹⽫˻סһץץһŽɫâƽٽϵұն£
ֿȭϷնȭ
ϲܲãȭͷֱϻסּһˣ
ϲֻһʽնն½ɫƽʱһȣ߾ͬʱǰһƬɫȦ
ﭡ
ɫƽʵʵն˳ұۡ
ûըûѪɽֱ۷ɿգֻǼĽײ˫ֱ䣬пֺϷĽɫƽǼƷϷղſ˾ŷôѪ֮۶նϣնϣһ˿ڶûг֣Сӣ𣿻УϷܹҲܴݻٵȻҲã
пֺţ϶ȴǲţɽ
ʱǰƬн߰׵̹⣬˲Ť۳һ̽ɴȭͷϷͲ˲㣡
һΪȷʵ˲ˡ
ϲΪȻ˵ţս˶֣սȴû˿⣬Ϊе֮̽۳ģϻǵһνӴܽԪһ۳εġ
ԣϵȭѹԪת
иոתһǼ䣬ظоȭͷķ磬Ϭ˼֣Ժжһ˿
ȭϿûʲôȭͷ棬ȴǬ
ֻǬȴǴ֪ġ
ȣ
֮۳ɵ̽˳ϵȭͷϣ
ǡﭡһ̽ƬƬѣٶȲƸʢϼܿһȭ棬Ҳûȥ׷ɱֱ˶ȥ
ϼ״һҧָѪϣ̹д죬˫ּŹƣǽ˻ס̹⣬ԽԽŨһ˺ɫ
Ϸɱ㣬ҲҪ㣡

һɣȭͷѾײɺڡ졢ɫɵĶ֮У㶾Ѿ绤װ񣬳һȭײϣֻá䡱ը죬㶾⻤ףķˡ
⻤飬ûôϸо𾪣ϴȳɭ֣ɣ
ʱ鶾⣬Ϊ
ֱϰΧ
⣬׼һǿ˾綾֮£Ҳֻܻһ̲Ѫˮ
ΪԶ˧£Ҳɫ䣬Ҫ㡭һü㣡
ȴ͸ŶԶӵޱΣ˵Σѣͳȥ
ڴϵĻ˵꣬ǿ£ͻһУ
֮˾ֵļУȴǴϿϰΧľ綾Ȼڼ٣ϸϸ۲֮£ȻǱǸ˸ڣ
ľʲô壿˶ɶκβ
һǿҵĲ֮УӴϵи𣬵׼ʱƬѾȫʧţһҽգһӰǰ
ϵͷȥǰǸ壬Ҫ֮ˡ
ӡ
ϵţҪָսӵ壬ͺԤ׵ѿ
켴ĩ


812 Ǭ
ϸӣҪӵʬȥȴˮ£һգʲôҲûţ˫֮䣬տҲ
໡
ŭص
̧ͷ˫Ѫؿųϣ˭ҪۣҪ
仰Ҳ˵ġ
ϸ߽ΪȫһܣҪйϵˣҪ
㷸ҵۣ
Ϸɱ꣬˻ȥȥɱ
Ǿһɱһɱɱһ˫٣ɱ٣һһ̤ȥղɵĶ˵ɽѾһٶҪǿһ㣬˵֮·ϣ׷
ɱɽʦܣ
ٴ³һѪϢӵø𾪣һɻϢ緢
Ҳȡ˭ȡһҪ׼
˵꣬һȭһصȭͷƴѹʮԪǹ
ƣڲͬžκ˵Ĵ󺣣ѹƽƽһ˿ƶ𣬴Ȼ쵽Ծȴһʱ벻ͨ͸Ҳԥ׼ΪǿԽɱţҪ콫ǰնɱ㸶Ĵۺܴ

ϵһɱУޱȣ֮ܣһֻſѪڴľޣֱ˳ϣո˵󣬲ܲһһ죬м֣˲ɡ
ɴС֮ڣɱǾ֮ڴöˣоֱ˽ȥǹɿֲĻܣʧ𾪣ȫĿɿڴڵ
ʵǿƺûʲôֻг岻㹻ǿܹסǹв㹻ļͣܽǹɻܾ
ôĺǡ飬
ϿԼ֡ȭУأ뵽ɳ֮еɱս¶˿˿Цݡ
ϣԱ֮󣬲ǳûǼٵ˶ȥ飬ҲҪܣ֮еĴϿ˻棬ҲԴ졣
ϣȡһɫĹһֻɫļ³һھѪ֮дǣϵ˴ϵȴǲ״˵ʲô֮ǹ졣
ȻڿС
иһΣУŴϣʩչߡٳȥ֮ǰǿġȭһɼ磬ߡ
ǰδôظо磬Ҳûлֳѵٶȵԭ򣬵ٶȴﵽһ̶֮󣬲Ż֣
ϿҪǲĤͱ֮ʱ˹˼ֳɫļͻһ⻪ܱǷ׶ɳʯԪϷӿȥ
ԽԽʢȴǵһûȥעȥϸĥ磬ӺζֻǽŴϣֻ֮ǰ׵ĴϣȻһ²϶ٵƣƤҲɫת䡣
һͷڷ˲ɰ׷
ţ׷䡣
ڼٵʧʲôȻҪ߶ԸоϵڿʧҵΣеԴ֮
Զȴڽغȵֹ죬ֹһ
ȴûԸٶȳȥڴһʱնɱȴֹס˲ӣӴָȡ
ɣ
ϳһڿУòĿ֮ɫ

ûֳɵļȴǽȭ֮еܣȭиոĻܣתķʽԴǿںϣ۳һ֧
ڿգѪ
Ѿݿ£һ꼴ߵĿֻ̼ϵľֹЦˣûõģϷ˼֮£ض𣡡

֣֮״ʱǱϵĿ磬ȥԪҲȫۣƶԣĶѾ˴еļ
ҲоĲ۾һݣһһɡǡ
̼ңƿնȥ̼֮Ӧ·ĴأȻѿѷ컹ڲͣ󣬶ѷߵľʿǴʿԽʿڲϵȥȫڡ
СϷ׳һ͸ϷԹɣϺȳһӼȥȴһ˴Ԫһ˿һ棻ԽУæԾϵӽס
ڴϵĻδţֻרע۳㱾Ǭ
䣬֧մȾ˳ѪҺڿһ¡
̼ת۾Ҫ䵽
ʱϿ
Ǭ


813 Ǭһ˿
һǣһǬ
Ǽ˴Ͼ󲿷ֵǬǳûлǹ
ǼǬٶȽ൱֮Ѹ٣ɳȴޱȵز׽ֻĹ켣˵񣬽ԱֻסĿⶢһתҲת
Ծ䣬ǶǬ
Ǵϻ߶߶ţһֻûļסǼܣ
δ䣬ײ
䣡
ը죬أǶ˹񣬾֮ϵƲʱըɢ֮¸ǳŰ׵Ĵӣɣ
ǰվڴ˿ӷΧڵľʿѾը˳
ˣû꣬ǹɱƥܣԴΪģĴɢȥϽ廤סȴøΪϽ죬վǰ棬ֵܣøĴʿҴ
֮ԽȴһƬ
ϵһУನɣײĿУȴüꡱƺⷽգһ㣬ըˡ
֮УһأȴûȥǼ˻Ԫָ⣬ܣɲܹģϵĿ⣬űըĵط
ͬҲţֻӣڽסز
ʱ̣ɢ̼ӰȴǻһĴָСǬ

һѪ³ѪѾһƬڿţܣǼôˣӦٵŶԡ
ôʱԼһĵˣ
쳷жԶԶ
ѹ𾪣Ա˺
˵ϣһߡ
ϷߣϷһߣǾ˭Ҳ߲Ĵ־˻Ȱ˵Ϸߣ
޷šʣԽʿ룬ȴҧѪԾУԼһͷײϣԱ
һָȥ
ĴָСǬ԰㣬һת䣬ϣ˲ϢǰϿǬ۵ĲģϷ򲻷㾿Ǻˣ
㵽ˣȻֹ
Ǭϵĵ֮УȻըϵ˲仯ޡ
ϡ
ԽУ˺ĺȴӵøˣ嵹ǳô׷ɱϧǹܻûɢʿ岻ȥֻԶԶԽֻȥ
ˣȴ֧Ǽ֧Ǽ渽ܣǹ죬֮ǰδ˼ûͨ͸ôתɵǹɹܣ
ֱǽ͸ġضһ¥󣬳ϻͷһ۶˵˼̤նȥ֮ڵأϱһ˵˼ʮԽ֮ǰ
ɱΪϱ𣡡
֮ǰסϵǸˣҲ̲סԽƳˮһ㣬ӿϣÿ˵ĿУںšɱ֡
ϿųǰԽʦµģнδɣ죬ͽѪһʽǬԪն
˵꣬лóԺڶ˵һһҪ㡣
佣ʽ˵ΣȴΡ
ÿһն֮£ǧԽʿնۣ飬ն֮󣬳һԽȫ£ϣѪɺӡ
Խʿˣ˻ں壬ɱԪ϶ˣôˣҲܺɱǱ´󹦣ò˵仰йƻرǾԪ϶ˡ
Խٴγ
ûǰȺȴһ˳ɱԽУǳϲУûͨ˵ĻмֿܣϾԪ֮ʱͬ϶ˣҲҧ
ȻϸԳ֮ʱգԪƺƵ޾ӣɽĲսԪݽߵĿԣ൱֮С
ϳ˽ȥͬһֻԶʢʨӣȺ֮УȻһһն£ǰɬû죬Խȴڼ٣һն֮ˣҲԽԽࡣ
ͬʱϻϲɱ
ǰɱһ˶Լʮ˵ɱѾԸӵĵزһʱ䣬û˵һϸߵ͵ͷ
֪ն˶ٴΣֻǰļʮԽȻһ룬ԭĵ棬Ӳ߳ףʱԽˣû˸ǰιƻֻ͡
Ͻһ̤Խ˳ʮԶ϶ˣ˶ʱˣҲɣѿڶȵǱŵӣɱңض
ǬԪնһ˿򣬽Ѫһɣϵ˵


814 
Ѿն˱ϣôܻὫһŵӷ
ն¡
ŵӣȴûΪΪ֫ȵĴڣǺһ˿ڣһѪ˿ڣ᲻أֻҲ˵
ŵӲ⣬ɾ֮䣬Ѿնʮÿһֻһ˿ڣֻһѪҲǽ֮ڳǾȷͬʱ˳ϸղ˵ĻѪһ
һ뵽仰ǰſҪɱϵıŵӣҲƲסؾҲˣͻڲͣźţ֮ܶˣܿöġ
Ѫһһν
ǱߣǼǬײѾɢڿˣʿһɱ֣սĴʿƻ㣬ѾɱƵԽ
սȫһߵڴŻһ˿ǬԪն
ʸղųϵǿתͷŻʸܿƵ˵ͷʸܿƻûдһУعﲻţĵˣ᲻ҲԴԽһֱӽɱˣ
ȴǴϲϲͬʱүкģһϵˣʮ꣬һ캳صĹ
ϣȻڸǲסԺ飬˭˵ĶǷ˭۸Ķӣ˭ӵ
ʱҴҹܿӽβϵǬԪն˿ΪŵӣѾһһηɽѪ˵
ȻǬԪնδɣȴûмնɱȥǵˡ˧£ʮԽҰԽӪϢϡ
˵áֻ֣гЩáֵľ˼ǰسϣɲ֪ôģڳǰоһɺѹѹ˵
ʸܿƵĿһֱڳϣϻعͷᣬѻɵЦݣ۾ʸܿƵظһʸܿɫһ䣬ѿڶȴϸղŵѪɱ¾ӲܵĻ˻ȥ
ңԶıУѣһϮ£ŭ켴ƽ飬˭ɱ˴ϣ飬˭ǳӪһսԽٺҹ
ҹĻ٣ޱȳĬÿ˶ǸϢǶ벻ǿᣬǷѾ߻һδжˮ
֮һ𣺡˵˵ڸΰ죿
ΪӦңһڵЩǿҲصһɽһб䣬ǿɾͰ׷һ
򲻿ɣһɽͰû׼þǰжһɹǡ
˷ֳִ˵ôõ¶ȹˣ⼸ԭƻ䣡
Ӣ
һȺ˺֣˵ҪǣǸгϵˣʲôͷΪʲô֮ǰһϢûС
ǡ
Ѱϣȴڡ˧ӪУ˵ţ⣬Ұ賿ִܵԽӪϮ֮£ԽڱӦҲһ
սĹնɱΪߣ͹ԣ㹻ΪֻÿԸⲻԸ⡣忪ĵ˵š
ʵ֮λ˵ѾôҪ벻⣬ѡ
ͷ˵ӣǰսѾһ䣬ͻȥɡ
Һһء
ЦЦ׽ӵϢҪһ棬˵㲻ܻأ׼ǰ

Ѿ˴Ϣڼϻȥ
ǵ
иڣµģ尲οţ鲻ٷģˣӣĴɱûзЩǿЩ⣿
ʣ켴ϸڣһһЩǿߣֻǸɱͷۣ֮ȴһû¶Ϊļ֮Уûעô࣬һȷ֣Щ֮ضȱ֮ԱԪˣɵΣ϶Ҫϲ١
뵽̧ͷ˵ĪЩۣۣ
㸣ֹ̽Ӧ㲻ǿߡ嵭˵ţǾ˵ֶΣ絤ҩһ࣬ǵΪǿ۾磬ֻⵤҩֶΣȱݣЩǿߣʵܹǿߣҲһɼΪµֶΣûУҲУԽһӵɱսҲУûУǾͺпܣлһǼΪӴ
ôһ˵뵽Ǹ


815 
Ǹڳķ֮УһʮҪĽɫϻһ£ӰԨֿʼ壬׵ˮԪ飬һɽᣬҸ𣬶ɣкϵǹƥɱһɽ
һ·ټ
ңŸϴΣóϴѹ֮£˿ɣһԳϵĿٳɳ˺ܴƶá
ҲŴˣżĶԹԹϾͲĹΪɵĺʦǵУϳȥһأ䱾ش˳ϵĴۣɱ֮ĶԹǳ˻ĳޣ
ϻڻɣ£ǲҲµģλʦǲҲǵУ֮⣬ϻ벻ʲô˻˶֣ҳϻһʣǻ֮ȴδռ·ǾΪһ
̳޾ɱ켴ϽԼӽʵĲ²⣬һ˵ü˼·˵˵Խǻļ󣬱ҲУǴȻҲ⣬ҾھӪӴ֪࣬飬Ǵ²һ˿ģ⣬ڴĻ±ضֻ֣ųߵˡ
˵ֶ˵һλؽ꣬ƻᱻټҪСĶΪ֮һλ£ɲ⣡
ӦţٴȰ˵Խδܣ᲻ģаǹǡ
ϻû˵꣬㱻ϣ޷һɽͻȻ֣սҲֻҪûͻ磬һµĲ棬졢롢ԽǿʵͲʧ⣬໥ƣ˺ƣңһ̵ɱɱҴѾǱؼңؼĻıǵҪĿģǹռĵӶԴ˵ܽ鼰ڣܴ֣ɱһ
˵ת˵෴Σնߵģһڱģĳ̶ֳ˵ȫһɣټʦħӵĹϵˣ㣻˵ǵҪնɱ㣬¿϶Ϊƴԣܲ¶þͲҪ¶Ȼ¶ˣҳҲô۸ġ
˵ɭ䣬в˭ֻҪӲҪƴӣһ壬ǺܸӵģҲ⣬ص֮۸ͼı㣬ǳң壬ȥ̣ôôҪģ㻹Ҫչֳóʵ¥ʵó涨Ϊ֮׵ͷҲȫ㻤㣻֮⣬Ҳͨġ

ӦţȴһθԼңʵһҪԼʵֻ㹻ʵõﲻģػסػģ
켴ȡƷķѹԼԪںܣһֱĳܼΪֹ
Σʱ
ҲûӿţֽСȡ˳Сػһʱ䣻ʵϻԽֻȡֻǺӳһڣĿ̫˵
ͳС󣬳ϻģ˴һЩڳĹؼλãλ۳ţԷһ
ϻ뽫ԪָһΪǣԪָʵǷͬһ㣬ͳߣʵҲȫӻԪָ
ԣֻա
ͻۣ֮æȡһӹо֮۵Ĳֻ˶ӣҪ˵ʲô˵ӣ⣬ȫףҲҪ֪ƽҲǵԸܳκһ¡
ŵִŵĿ⣬ջۣ֮ȴţΪһ׼Ʒ
ͬʱϻĥרΪֻⶫһͣҪٵʱ䣬ԽʱԽࡣ
һһ֮󣬳˼ĸУҲͣҹ꣬ĴָҲ˲ٺԪʯĸ߽ƷǶǳΪѼģеƱõɳ̡
һҹ·û˷һʱ䣬˼ţʵˡ硱
ߡٶ쭵£ȭת
𻨳֡


816 ֮ŭ
ԽٶԽ죬𻨳ֵƵʾԽߣ֮ķ磬ҲԽԽʱ֪ƣʵᣬ̡
ǣϵüͷȴչȻǲĸԭֻһյ
ȫĶ˽ȥĻŹκһϸڣ
ȭȭٳȭ
Ҳ֪˶ٴȭͷֻ֪ڵҹѾʷףȭ֮УѹҲԽԽࡣ
һγȭ
һأžʹѹʮ岨Ԫܺƴһ֮󣬳ͻһףΧƽ֮ͬٶȻȭ
˷аȭ֮󣬳ֹͣȭţӳȭʼĵطȭͷֹסĵطط¶ȣһԽʱ¶Խ󣬶ȾԽ󡭡
ĪǺν磿
лЩȷڤڤ֮УоԼ©һʲôȻ¶Ȳͬһȼ棬һʩչǷ᲻Ȼ𣿡
Ҫһԣ̧ͷȴһΰ׳Ĵǣ
ֻһۣϾ᲻뿪
˿ܽҿ֮õġν硱
ôؿš
Ϊǹ񹤵ĳǽ𺳣ҲΪſɷ裬߹ϣ·ĳλǿµġǡ֡
ֻΪŵף
ˣ㹻ˡ
ϲȥһһʵָĿһһšӡ֮УȥкһӾͳǰһϲ˫ţȴ̤û
˳ſڣſڵʿϣҲһ㶣켴Цգӣô簡
һ㶣켴ףǿеĳӣӣλģžŷƵĳӣҲûȥֻͣһ̤˽ȥ
ųӰԶȥſʿһ㱣һӸҵĸоôЩԾأһƵġ
ҲĸоҲУңԳʱһľĸо
ôǴģ

Щӳ϶Ʈȴûдýȥ׵ӰǹȻһ󶼣ֻ峿ʱֵ֣ˣѾ̬֮ˡ
ߺЦָһޱȣûʩչն似ȴҲﵽδ֮״ֻţ߹ֶ֣ͤҡ
ûͷųһڳͤϣ֮˷׷õڷ׷ףóӽЩ֣ȫΪȻֻǿģԽԽˡ
ͻأǰ洫ÿϽÿ
ͬʱħ޵켴вҽǶˣѾڽӶĲҽʱŴ³ĺãÿƫã
⣬üͷһ£죬׵ӣǳէʵ¶Ҳ壬ʱĶڶߡ
ɾʱһЩġ˳ϵĶֱĽ꣬һǣ
ţһǰȥ˲֮䣬ֵߵȺֱߣһǰ
óȥʩչǰǸ棬ѾޱسҰֻţһƥӴȴͷǷʨľŽħޡ
ŽʨϣһλòӢĻ꣬һޡ
ھŽʨʮ״һˡ
ղǴ˵ﴫ
ϵĿʱҲϬ㣬̧ͷ˳ϣϵĿڿн㣻˲䣬ϵʹ֮ɫʧֵļɣ
ȴѹƵŭܷ
˲Ӱһ
ͬʱǿŵľŽʨޣͻһת˳ȥǻﻹ߶ţղŮ˵òǳƵʤգүǰôûмأ
ǾŽʨ޾Ҫͣ˵ǰҪѿʳʱȴǰһˣУɱһݣŰȻŭӢ۾Ҳүǡ
δ˵꣬ת˵㣬ǰʲôѲҲɱҾҪȻҸ߽㣬ŮˣʱɾС
˵ţϸաóѵЦݣ˵꣬ϳȭ


817 ĸɽ
ԴҩˣӿϾȭͷţ켴ϵȭͷµľŽʨޣֿЦҵ׷ɲһľŽħޣƾǵΪҪҵ׷磬ΣСԼֱ׷ҧˣҳ֣ʱҿ㡭
ӵĻû˵꣬ɫȻˣΪղҫ׷磬˿־嵽ĽͬʱȻ䣬Ҫһ㡣
׷磬
ӻûдӾŽʨϵȭͷѾ
أ
Žʨǿ˶ʨͷһӱ⽴ȥ飬Ѫʱ˻һѪ꽽һֻǱɵڵ
ͤΧˣҲǸ𾪵ԣѪȵĳӣȻǻӳ֣ɱħ
һȭ֮󣬳ϲᣬæʣ˷˵УѾỨϲỨ˫϶
ףˣףղˤˣ
ˣǳѩȻ֮һ˳ڳͤϣյ˳Ϣ˼У׼ȥӭӶӡ
϶
ѩȻӵһ̣оӵʹѩȻ֣ϵӣﻹ˵ţ϶ǲΣ
ǵģףûΣĻˣġ
Ҳʪ󣬱˵ţ߽룬ѩȻˣѩȻǲǰʵˣ꣬ûжӵһϢһټ
϶ú￴ѩȻؿŶӣ¶ǰԼǰʧѶ϶ˣȴˡ
ѩȻϵܵͺܵͣΧ˶ѾԶȥ³ʧ꼰㣻վĻӣȴΪʧҲû˵ʲô
ĸ벻ķʽ棬ʱԶмٵ̤𣬳˶ṳ̂ΧˣȴøԶ
ǻҲ̤ѣһѹһصѪ⣬ʱ˫ͨ죬״ٿѩȻѾǷ̬ŭһӾð˳ȫûȥǰôһȭͽ׷ֻǿȵ治ˣүҵ׷磬үҿϵŮˡ
飡
ϻֱһȭڻӵϣ߸һ˵ӻһɳڿУһ֮ˤڵϣպںǼٸľֻǰ
ǰ˿ˤǰǸӰɫ䣬ס£𻪷ӣغүүôˣ˭˵㣿
˵䣬Ҳӻ£ΧӿԼˣŭ˷йĵһָϣ˵Ǹҵ׷磬ҵŮˣǽҴˣǽ£һ١
ӣ
˿ϣһ㶣үǿǽ˫ԣƽʱϵǳңӻ׷үĽ㣬ǳôүأ
֮⣬ӣҲݵˣһŹȫøκΡ
ԣ˶ɻؿŻӣһʵү᲻ǿˣ
ƨүҶˣûˣܿŭţϵΪ֮ɫʱףȵ£ȶִңǾǽˣүҲ˵ּ꣬һ䣬ʲôүһе
Ӷ˵ˣﻹҲ֣ǲڽǻˣ˷ŻΧȥڼӾϲ֮еѩȻعأͿһϻﻹ˵ţ϶£ڣ˭Ҳ۸㡣
ѩȻϻǸϣĳϣڸղųһȭŽʨޣһȭɻӵĻ棬ѩȻԶˣһöһˣ
ˣѩȻʲôҲû룬ҲԼӵԥص˳ǰſ˫ۣӥʱȻлڳĸ
СȴɽӰϵ۾ʪδ˵һ˱ʵӣʲô˼Ϊʲôүⷬģ
ӿѩȻϻɣȴȵʲôҴ򣬴죬Ϲ۾ն֣
ԡ
ѩȻ飬˵һ֣ϾԾѩȻǰѩȻȣ϶ʲôǣϽĳȥܡ
ףܱ㣬˭Ҳ۸㣡ᣬᶨ˵


818 ŭɱˣү
ѩȻŶӵĻһʱ仹ûӦ˵϶˵ʲô졭
ףź
˵ţѩȻŵϵһ̲Ѫ켴ղűԵĳһϲ϶ܡˣ
ҺЦ˵һ䣬ת
һתЦʧȡ֮ģֻı˪˿ӣɻʱŨţˣǳ
ȴųϣٴϰǻʲô˳Ůȥ
Ÿѹޱȣһȥ

һȣ˲ҳȭȫûлعҪǰʱؿȴ͵ؽһѪͬʱͷȥֻؿڶһѪ

ҽֻüӺһ룬ΪĻѪض
ֻת˲֮ʣ˱
ţŵĻӣһɵˣһصɵģȴǿ־嵽ɵ
ΧȻԶûпϳȭĶǣǾǿǿ״ִʹ죬ﻹţҧٶҧҧ͸ˡеˣȴǴ̰˵˼һת㼷˳ȥȥͨ籨ˡ
ѩȻɱˣҲһæ϶ɱˣΪԼҪ˵ȴ׼˵϶ةฮˣ뿪
һԼ׿ôѪȵĳ棬ﰲοף˭۸㣬ҶصĴۣ
ǡ
ĺģ
ѩȻǻӣ˵Ҫɱˡ
üͷ΢壬ɱģ⻪ӣ׵Щ裬Ƿа˼ԭµģ̧ͷ׵Ŀ⣬ֻӦǡ
⣬ӡ
һţصѪʱնһν˻һ˲͸·棬һ飬عŵȥľٿǰĳϣΪҪɱ͵عڵϣӣҺòãҪʲôҶӦ㣬ǸҽŴҩ췹УԶԶԣ㲻õҽֻҪ㲻ɱңһõ
ȻӼȥȵжԶԶԺҿ㣬
⣬Ҵӵ𣬱ֽŲãڵų˳ȥײײطɿţҲƲסţ
϶ǿȥѩȻæ˵ţǵǶӵİΣңӾϲлعҲֶӱ̫̫ˣţ֪꣬϶ĥѡ
ţɴΪ
ѩȻųϴһ·ȥԱߵ˿ųϣȻֳóϾúЩ죬Ǹߺ󲻾ãѲʿ
˵ǻӣʧ롢ײײţһ죬ײһ˵ϣ̧ͷһļУţһӾ͹˵ϣҪɱң㣬ҪɱңҰõҽ㡭
ү˵ʲôôȫѪʲô£ˣǻʵĳӳŻӵľֹȫɻ󲻽⣬ȴǹţӣ׼ӷ
ӿеĿֻţһ˼㣬ӣҡҡ˵ţַ˻ϣϢӿ߶Ƚŵľ޵Ĺңˣ۾һףѪ˹ȥ
үүү
оһжޱȣɿӻԣȻ֮ܣҪɸոձڻмٵүҪүԲ˶ߣ
ͷһȴةฮĹܼңŰ໤ɱδ嵽ǰǹܼұ̤ն𣬽һ̽ӴӳܼҲ쿴˻ӵƣŭһȭӰֱϮؿڣѪأǹֺܼţةฮ½ȥ򸮸߳ӣСӽүˣʲôҪ˵
ǣһȥ
һߣѩȻѾųϻص򸮣ֻѩȻһŶӾֱ˽ȥסƧׯԺȥ
ſڵĻȥĳˣһˣһѿڶӲǸճȥô¶ǸƵŮˡ


819 ˡ
ιץʲôץˣүҴ˵ģޱίشţڣԲһ޶ѣôͽٵͷϡ
Ȼ򣬳ԩĺˣ
ãһʱ䣬Ҳˣôǳˣǣתȵҷ£ةฮҳ˿ɲ£ٲſǺԸ
вةฮĹܼŻعͷų˵ǳˣҲһ٣
Ҹ˵ˣҴ˵ġ
ǲ˵ģ˵㣡ةฮܼ˵꣬һȺ˱ųصةฮ
ةฮǼɹȹؼҺһŴ缫ΪʵĹˣĲ״켴𣺡ѣѡ
˺һûзӦּܼңȥʴǰ㡣󣬹ߵߣָ֣ͷϣһ
ˣĶӲǡ
žž
죬˳Ļ˵֣˳ϣӢʱɢָͷӡ󣬸ɼ
򣬸Һݺݵش򣬽ڵϣݸȫ䣡һԵĻǰҪ֣ʱһ𣬡һȡ
˻ͷԼŮȵСӿǽܴܵǰ״ʲôȣѵ濴СӲɣ
ҲþƵĿ⣬Ź壬ӵؿһ۳Ϊƾܴܽ𣿸ʮӣҲң
ԶԶԣûдүȫһᣬᡭ
죡
ȵתͷŮ˵ʲô˼
˵ܵǸˣһȭ׷Ѫ飬˲佫ܵľնɱ˹ˣҲΪǿߣУ
üͷ
任ò䣬мƣץˣǻүүٵ鷳ٴ˵˻һݣȵǰŵϴ
ǺͿƬ̣ǰͨ籨ŵǸ˾վ˳ǰʵˣҶӵˣǲ
˿һۣ˵
㿴ˣ𣿡
üȵٿһ飡˻֣̿ٴϸ˴һ۾ҲʣĺʣشòӦǣооֲǸ˵ʣȫһ
ˣȥɡɫһ䣬ȴһǡʵ˵һ˺ҳһģһ
оųơ
һƱУ૵ˣˡ
æʵ˭ˣ
ҲճҳһģһʵĺܸߣǼһ桭ŵ˵ţЩ״Ρ
˼ԼץˣЩɽ˵ҲճæȵǸ˾˭ǲǳˣ
ҲҴûм˵ţͻӸ̽Ĵ󲮣˳ҵǸСׯ԰ȵпǴ󲮵Ķӡ
󲮣Ĵ󲮣˺ţȴ۾һʵǸ󲮣ǲǽʮǰҳߵĴ󲮣
ԣô֪ģһڴ󲮻Ϣ˵ܣǣУкܶ˲֪¶ةһŮȴ֪ˡ
ûлش⣬ȴ󲮵ĶӣǾϣ𣿡
ҡҲ֪
˿ɲô࣬ȵҲ˭Ķӣ˵ҾҪصĴۣ
ףûô򵥡
Ҫ֪˵ʱǸʵˣ˸Ͻ뵽Ӵߣһ֮̽ȡһŵҩ£Ԫʱ֮󣬹ǡɲɵģһ۱㿴˳ٴξӣ㲻ҪɱңҪ
ߺˣȻŤͷˣһӾϲȵɱɱ֣Ҫȡҵ
£ڡ
ɱһٿ飬һǧ顭ĵغţ˵ү㿴ˣǴǸǴһģһ𣿡

һɻǸȴüͷ˵ˣүﻹǲܸ֮Σ
ʲô
ϷһʱҲ̽пʲô涾
ʲôһӱԳ˵֪Ǹ𣿡
ĻӦǸׯ԰ûаԥ˵˳
·


820 ֵ֣ô
ڣƧլԺУû¥ȣûˮ鿸ֻ̨һӳԺ䣬һЩŵĻݣϰϰҡҷҡҷˬ⡣
ѩȻֱŶӳԺһСݣС֮еİ裬ҲǼעĿģһţԱ߻һ飬¯̴̨㣬룬ѩȻΪá
׹Ϊţţȥߵ飬ĦţдǣѩȻæӷ˵϶Եú𣿴ů廹ʹ𣿡
ףõĵģԵòãòůܳô׳𣿡ѹ˼Ц˵ʹѾҴˡ
ѩȻЦȥ
Ͻľ˵һ飬ЩΣ֣һߵĳ棬ȴһ㶼ûᣬѩȻȻ֪ӱϲǣһ׷ʵʱ򣬳ȴ˵ףѧ˲ٶұݸ㿴
˵ţѩȻ˼ĻᶼѩȻܳӣ˳ʵף뿴ʲô
϶ʲô׾Ϳʲô
֪׻ش𣬻֪ʹðһŻ𻨣׺òãҲ϶˵ãŻСÿ¸ĸģԶڴˡ
Ȼϲ˼򵥵ıݣҪһϲۣ뵽ƧԺеĻݳïʢϲ뵽似뵽˻ûһ뵽ûļ
˺ܶܶ࣬˺֮ܶܶ󣬳Ժֻʣһ棬ªȴӣԺһôɣ滹һЩؽţ̣Слţơ
ֽмң
۾Ȼţ̧˫֣ԪƵȴû͸ƻһıϢȫϿţϪˮ
㣬ΪѩȻ
ԺһȻɫ֣ϵʼ䶯ȻƵصˣҡҡλδӵվһվվһǽ
ѩȻѾŴ죬Ŀϲ
ľɫɫɫˮɫȵȹâ֣ʣľӣһСܵС
ԳʵҪԪûЩšȵȣ൱򵥵飻ɳϲǼ򵥵ЩƷûУǽŴߵһ鲻ƽֻǿŴжߣ߷żɢķ͵Ļ״ȵȡ
ֻҪǳ뵽ģܻģȫһһֳЩķųϵĴ񣬿ɳȴִ˲ƣ˿ۣڣڵԪ㹻
ʵЩѵģҪģ
ˣˣû֡ҡķΧ֡ҡϢ֮ܳΪأ
ˣϽԼеĸ飬˼ȫȾϡҡ⾳ÿһשÿһƬߣÿһƬҶײĽһǻ𻨣̺ˡҡζ
ѩȻֱֱţǷҲڽ˳ϵıУĳһĻһĻǰ
һʱȥˣͣ׼ҴǸңǸһڵļңԺ֮С
ѩȻȻᣬӿ罭ӣڲϢ
ȴûۣ˿̣һָоһڿ衷ʱĸоָоǱųϵľһεõ
صľȴЩһ
ǰεľǸоԡȪһأȴоǾһɽ壬ƣϴУɽ廹ڳɳԽԽߣ
ûȥΪʲôǸҡþõ˴ΪѾȫڴ֮Уط·𲻴ڣֻɽ壬
⣬˴Ź塢ʡܼңгһƱˣ˴֮⣻ſڻˣһ۱˳ȴ˿壬һȣ⣬ֹǻϽȥ⻤˴ȣȻǽ򸮵硣
󵨣ССҲҺȳⱾˡŭֱаɣĻ˵꣬Ѿ֣˽Ⱥ˳
ػһӡ켴ַӦĿɻ󣬡Ӳһʱ֮ǰŽȥôһӣ
һѾȵ㾿˭װǳӵģΪ
˳Ҿǳӣװһ˵òᣬ˳ȴסɻǣǳӣѾȥ˰


821 
ӣѾһӽȥˣ𾪣֮УϲɫΪͿϴԼԩҸԽ蹫֮ǸɵСӵĳ
аЦݣϡ
ӡһȣȻֻȣǺУȻŨŨıζعϽаЦݣʵǸһȥģǺһȥģ
һŮˣǴûм˳ڵЩȷǰӲĳӣܽг֮⣬˵Ƕȵȣӡ֮еĳӣһģһԣʵʵؽ֪ģȫ˵˳ǣŮһơ
ʲôŮˣѾȫ϶Ĳȷˣ˳ֽѩȻòһ£عͷ˵
ߣһȥǶӵ˵ţѾǰȥȴֱŭȵ
򸮣ʲô˶ܽģҪǿҾǲУҲƴס˳й˵Ҫǿȴţҡҡͷ򸮲СС㴳ѹסһų˵㻹ʲôϽǽȥ
ǰ˵ÿ
Ȼǣ˳ȻɫɶȴûÿоԼôˣرڹǰ涪棬ùһ㲻ˣһ˳ȥﻹӣã㾹ȻҲʶ̧١
˳ʹȴûá
òãˣ˳ȴ˵ӣǹҵˣԸеһÿ
˳һ仰ֱóסˣ빫ҵĹϵﵱȻײŹҵȥ֣ʲôغԶ׼ġ
뵽⣬֪ΰˣɾʱĶȴһߣԭӾһˣôϲأ
һóŭֱ壬ѿ˵ʲô£һе
ô˵˳õһߣ̧ͷͦأ۾˽ȥȴûпǵıɫŨ֡
Ҳ˽ȥȻǰ˵úȴҲҪ淢ʲô£϶ܲңԣûдǵתֱĿĵأһССԺ䣡
Ӻ
顱һԺľţߵ÷飬ɱڵسԺҶӵ˹
Ժеļžʹ˱ƣ
ڻеѩȻ˹
žĳϣɽһҡΣһ˾켴ʧɽ䣬ȴǴּΪѵãĻУ˳
ŭŭţŭ˸ţȴͷҲûлأֱԼġҡȵ
ףùǻһʣ۾һ˿ȣȵĿ⣬һڳϴʱѿһ֣ң
ֻǶûΪڼȵķŭ֮УǸ˲Ķӣ˾ܴ裡
£˴ѩȻңæֹϣ϶Ҫ˵
ףˣøӡŻعһμףŶ˷ܵش
˽Ҳ˹ʵ𣿡߲ͣĵͷȫȴڲʱԼѾ֮УУȴԼȥġ
ҪҶӵȣĿȫǺâɱҪ˵ѩȻìٴμ˵϶
ס

ŭĿ⣬ϵͷǣ˵ٸһλᣡ
ѩȻǰһ˵ˣϹӽײңҶŽѵһһ˵

ûȥѩȻĻȴǻ׷һƷھˣһ鸾ˣˣ¹밲
˵ǲ̤Ժʱ㽫Ժǡ򵥿Ϊסˣ㲻ǸҲǸܲܳһӭڳұԵˡ
ҲŴˣ˲˺ȸѩȻһռȨܸõǸСӡ
ԣѩȻסˡ
ǸһĨЦ


822 ͷ
˿ѩȻסı飬һ˿ӿͷˣҲƵƵͷ̾˺øֶΡ
Уıǳ
¹񣿱Ǹȥֻﲻ𡣡ٴȵѩȻɹǸǿȻ¹
ѩȻ֮ǰһֱǱϢ˵̬ȣԣֹԼӣڣͱ˵̬ȣҲŭ˶ֻ˵һˡ
ңѩȻҲһ򣬽鷳ΪĿɲԼжӣɷ򣬸ҡ
ˣվĵطǳңѩȻ˵ʶһ䣬һ㶣ûϵȻûԤеá
ڽǹĶô꣬Ȼٴȵ˵ҵĵϣҴɷͲ˲ɣʲôĪҪɲɣ
ʣһһֱָңҿһñӣҲһԤУЩִˡ
ѩȻˣǾԲܹģڡ췴ⶥñӣҲܴϣǺãѩȻϲƽʱȴҲҲ֮
Ҷ۶ˡֺȵ¹ĪҪñ׽ȥٲɣ˰
˵ĹһһݶѾ뵽⸾ץȻʵٽةฮһɵκöӵԳûóҵһƤ
Ȼ˻ûнץ仰˵꣬ǰ͵ضһӰһƣʼ״ӰһϽǰеľȴںȵ󵨣ʲôҶ˶֣
廹ûлعһӰûпƳˣ͵ǰʳ֣ϲԼܵ裬ԼһģһȼգɿƵظкǴͲٷǰˡ
һ̶
˼ʳ棬Сӣ϶һޱȵ飬ô˵˵ʲôʲôĶӣϿһ֣Ǹ÷ֱ𣿡
˺⣡ϲ˵ԺѾֳϿһ֣ԳϽŹ衢ӡ
ǰԻ˵ʵֻϢѡ
ȳĻ£ϵƼ䣬ʼ״ȵԲϷ֡˵ײһ
û˿ͣ͵أꡱѴڿУһӰǵɿȥ
ꡱΪǳϵֱˣһǸɳȥӰȻʣǸȴǺúõģֻڼ䣬ˣͻȻ䣬֪ԼʲôʲôˣУȴһɺӿ
Ļȫ棬ȴƫƫûϵֳķʾȻһƱˣ˫ֺһ䣬Ϻ
ˣôסϣ
ž
һ˵˵ұȻ߸𣬵ȴûзɵԶȥǶԭ⵱Ȼ˵ʵǿֻΪϲɿ
㡭㾹ȻҴ򱾷˵Ķ⣬֪˭𣿡ܻˣ弱ǰһȺҲҪǰҵصʣԼѵұۣ𾪣ͬκˣʲôΪ
ô򣬹˭
˵ţһ£˵ҲȻûƶֺһﻤ似ɱǿ״ҲȥƱ赲ȥһ˻Ѫѡ
˵ǼȻ˵ǼةҵˣһƷھˣȻ˵Ǽ緢һغ˵ԼǸ߹֡
˵Ǽ
ɭķʣ˵ұϣ汻ˣøСӣ˺û棬һҪʬΣ
ûĺУ˵ɷɹ涨ͤϿħ޿񱼣ײ·ˣɷɹ涨һƷھ˾ƴլٻƷ֪ײģ˭֪ղ߻ţʲôţ֪㻵ҵ֪ղź˭˭¹򣿡
ŸʳǾŸصİ£žžԺ䣬˾ģ
ҵף֪𣿼
һ£˵Ҳ˿ʣòϸǲɣеģֻһͷ˶ޱȵͷ
ʼ״һƳ˵ǰ벽


823 
ǰ벽
ףըʵʱӰһͣ˿ɣҿ벽ľֻһֱֽ֣۴ϣȻҲִԴ֪ΪΣʵĿ⣬ûڳϣȴһǸϵġҡϣǷʲôĿ˴δй𾪣
ͣˣڵѪĹȴĵʣҹҴ㲻Ǿʹ˰֣ףԵҹңôҵүү
һ仰ѾвζȴǿɬѣܾȻҪȣǣҪģнʣǿǾѣʮֵĲװ̩ɽ֮أҲͰˣһУδֵ̫ˡ
Ȼʾ֣ȴǹ֣˵ǰǲʲô᣿磬ʵΪȻҪƳΪǰ
׼ȣһʣʵһͣԣȴǲŹΪڶΨһץסľݣˣٴȵʣҪˣǲֻ֣պةฮû֮أֻ£ǣҲ֮
вʾʵΪɳ˵ĻͬҲɹ˵Ļةฮ
ѵľ棺֣֣Ҳࡣ
֪ΰʱϿ˵һŵةฮǣǻϵģɲةฮģةฮɱ˭ɱ˭ѵةฮҪ췴ɣҪǹҵĲɣةฮɱһʣǲǾҪɱϣ
֮ì֮ܡ
ȻˣղҲ鼱ֻŸѹȴûϵôһѱڳϵϣͷˣȫҲһϵĹɱղŵĹҪʮɡ
˲˿˵СӣѪˣ
䣬һĶ㿪˵𣿡
˳׵طˣСӣҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㡭˷ŵʱȻеĹ壬ѩȻ۾һ͵ѩȻҪѩȻЮ֡
ڹľٶȻһһ裬϶ײ״˺أ
ɱӳɢס˹塣
ϵɱöʮھ£һ壬ѾǸ߽Ϊӵأձɱ֣͸о׹ڤޱȣ͸˹ʹг
ˣ
˵ϣѩȻ
֮ǰѩȻ϶ὫҪӣҪϿ̡֣ѩȻҲǷŭˣ俴Ź壬ţ϶ֻǲ֪϶ĥʲôӣ
ѩȻһ۳Ŀ䣬оִһʵķչѾȫԤϣԽԽ־壬Ҫ˵أȴ·˶ӣŲ
ʿŵĹ壬ǰûп벽ةฮЩҲд֮ˣϽһͷװԵӡ
ŮԤ׵شӿйڵϣ˸ˣةฮˣô۸ģСӣΪ˸ۣҪɱ㡭
ž
ٴ𣬳ȵôӣةҵˣһƷھˣ͸ҳƻڴ󽫾ΪСӣ͸ɱһڴ󽫾͸ұƻڴ󽫾¹ةฮȻҪ췴𣿡
еˣڴ󽫾֣ʱסˣҲ𾪵ĿųϣڵϵĹ彿𣬾ЩװԵةฮҲȳ
ڴ󽫾һ飬ͻЦڴ󽫾ǿЦƭƭùƭˣƭùǻڴ󽫾󽫾أ֪ʲô𣿡
Ѳ㻹ɣ
˾ң󽫾Ǳ˵үү
ԭˣһȻı飬ʵ֪𣿡
ڴ󽫾֮µģ
Ҫ
ҪΣ֮뵽ڴ󽫾ĵ˵߱ĵؿųϣлҪˣ£Ȼ󣬱ܴ裡
һߣڵϵĹ嵹˵ʲôȴ춼ŲֻǲѣЩɱѾ
ЦˣЦݺ䣬ʵҪǼСأ
һȣʣµһӣ׼ڼ˰ɡ
Ҫɱʬأ


824 £֤
Ҫɱʬأ
һʣ붼û룬˵նģˣ
úúá
һ˵˼á֣˵Ī뵽ϸղŵʻȫǰ˵֮һͷҵĻҪǻڴ󽫾ҡ
뵽˲ȥȴڲͣķϣԲܣСӣᣬ˻ڴ󽫾ڴ󽫾үү
û˲ȡжȴǶʣ˵һᣬңһ
һ㶣˵ǳǳңʲôһʱȷܹةฮģҲֻ򸮣ֻˣǰˣڳʲôλ
Ϣʱ䣬뿪һϲ켴뵽ô򵥣ȻһתۣǣҪһȣԻɹ㴳žף֮
Ѿһ첲ٶһȣɹ⡭Ҫŭɷŭ֮𣬾ͱǿѹȥţУղվʲô
Ȼ벻׳ʲôɳϵٴδȻҲԷĽһƶô뿪
ҡ
һ˶ô˵ʲһƸŹ֣ǰˣ֮ǰһƣô𷴿֮ģҪʱʸϽ˵
ʵܿɬȴǷɲ١
˼״Ƭ㳦ȵ쭣ǣұةฮŰɡ
˼˵ȥȻóһƣڴ󽫾ֵƣ˿ֻĻͼһЩ֣ԺʱȻը죬罫һĿģһɶ߶ѣܣڴ󽫾үүôСˣˣƣ϶͵ġ
ڴ󽫾ƣ˻ţʧȥյľڲԵ˵͵ģôӣ͵ڴ󽫾ƣ
׳գƲǳ˭ܴ͵
԰үүΪôߡţȴǸ֣Լղ˵ˡ֣ͬʱñ˶࣬ûڴ󽫾ƣ˵ӣʵӺˡ
ѩȻȵؿŶӣһأ˶˵ġں仰ĺ壬ͬʱѩȻΪȡЩɾ͸˲ѣȻ˵ıǶӻúúõġ
ڵϵĻһ뵽Լôһˣ뵽ҵĺӣ˹ȥһأĻˣʣµһ֣ԶԲȥ
ǳһĩٵĸо
˵ڣֶһﻢڴ󽫾ﲢ㲻Ҳˣ˵꣬Ϻȵ쭣£
ǣӦһץˣ˾е㲻ץңɱңһƷھˣһƷھ֮⻹ڣͲɱңֻлܹɱҡ
Ŷ
˵쭿ųϣ½ΪȣţֻҪ뿪ܹȻܹתһв棬뷽跨Ը֪Сӡ
£
ϧ˵Σóָˣ쭲ԥһѽץ˻Ҫ󺰴Уϻͷ˵Խ˵Խ࣬ʱ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ֣֤
ԣ˵ĺһֻεֶס˺԰֡
ϿЩ˶ţЩԵ˹˵뿪Ϊ˫˫ţߵģһ֤ˣҿԱһ
ةฮĻˣеϽ۾ԣͲԲпѡȻ˵ҪԵģǾԶȥҪˡ
䣬ȫ쭶ˣϽ˵󽫾Ը֤ˡ֤ˣΨһѡ
϶Ǹ֮ˣ֮һӾ͹ڵϣ޺ˣʲô֪
Ȼʲô֪Ҳûˡ
һ㶣ŸĿڵʲô֪֪
֪ʲô
֮ʣ˵Сһα뵽ϵĻ棬æ˵ҵүײ˷ˣڳԣˡ
ܺãɡ
˴ˣŮͳе˶֤ˣ˸о޵Ԩ֮ǰ˵ÿһ仰ͻ˵ҲǴģǳǽġ
⻰һ
תӣҪڻݣһֵĳŵһ̱ڵء


825 һ
ŵ̱ڵء
̤ȥ˵֪ʲôյǳǹǳѪҺǹҵѪ
ǳˣǹҵĹ
Ϊˣܵ⣬ͬҲٸ꣬Ϊһ˽빫ҵ˻һ𣬽ƾˣͲճ
òϣԹʵʹСо߳ж
ҵˣҲҪվŵģ

һ仰óֱð亹뷴ȴҲһ㷴֮ãȻ֪֮ʱֺʵ㽫Ǵ𣿡
ҡ
һ˵
⻰Ҳһɻڡȼʲôʱܹ裬ҷŭ££ʱſڣһϤӰ˵֮ǰľſ־һȫ׵˾⣬ֻҪϣҪϴѹȥˣһӾͱϺҴģҪô
Ͽųҡҡͷɼ㶪һûᣡ
ʲôʲôʸѵң
ûлشֻԹԵ˵ţղһУҪԸңҼ⣬ǸˣΪ룬Ͳ˻ش𣡲Ϊ룬ΪҸȴŴӳһȡ棬ʵΪˣ
˵Ļͫж޺⣬ɳȴǲ֪ԣֻǽΪҴС⸮ﳤ󣬵Ȼǳˣ㣬֪ǴðҰҲҳǳˣ
䣬۾һâһ߳㣬ȴ㲻ֱߵһ߹ڵϣѪѣſںңȡ
ˣʱѾһʬϸ˵꣬ƴкŵĳ͵ش죬ȴκϻعӣһ븸ЩƵףĳŭ֪ǶԳϻǶıӣ󣬻һأһͷľϵߣ߷
ѩȻæԳ˵϶үү
ϵүүȻǳҵļһ裡
Ȼ򣬳ȴ޶ԡ
һҲûŭ̾˵úܺãҲܲ
ûֻһ
϶ѩȻæҪȳӣһȴԳ˵ȷ䵱ˣǽʲôʱһˣٻصҡ
⻰꺺ӻŵС£ͷ
Ӳ̣֮㵽󳡣๤һϵȫǲݾܾĵٲаȴǽϺˣȻй¶ֺ
Ǳ߾ʹѵĳĽһһƺãӳȥ
ǡǰųߡ
˳һΪ˴ˣң๤Ѿ֮ǰĲ²⣬ȫˣи쭵ȴԽԽˣԽǿ˵Խ
ĸŮ뵽䣬Ϻò裬úػһ˵۾ȴǶųϣϳĬ쭽ˣһĸŮȥ
߳ʱ϶˵ˣѾԽ๴ᣡһը˽Ųģ۾š
켴쭵Ҳ뵽һߣԺУʣµģȫǳˣǳĸ
⣿һЦʳϡ
ûлشȴתͷѩȻ˵ףȥļң𣿡
ѩȻδڣһȴ˵ճﲻļ𣿡
ûʵ㻹˵𣿡϶ԳһҪˮһ£ȻĻ
һصᣡ
һ㶣ûϵһ̹ףֻһ˵֪㻹ҵΪڻǳҳӣ㣬Ϊңգ£ͬΪңжôңֻҪʲôʲôҪ󶼿ᣡ
ЩǾˣȵģں棬һ˵
ѩȻҲȵ϶÷
һڰֹ֣סѩȻֻһҪңҳǿʢȥ
ЩЩˣڳһУǿԶԶ飬ֻҪֵãԸƴһС
ʱͻִһøǿ֪֮ʲôأ


826 
һ̬ȣ˵Ļڳ˶𾪲ѣԼǳԭأֻ͸𾪵ûԹȥ
֮óһ̬ģԴڳϵʵûʵ˵һҲһ統Ľ֮ˮ
罫ϵһУڳϾͶ㽫նɱ߽ۣڳƵĶĶʵ㱨һóҷĳһ裬Ȼǲ˲š
һ迴Ϣһ̣Ȼ쳣𾪵ϣӣȻӲŽʮ꣬ٸһЩʱ䣬ĳɾͣ
һԼҿ϶
ʱ˳ˡ
һһ˼䣬мһЩڣԺͬһʱĳס󿴵˳ϱݵһϷȷ˳ϵǹǳȣѣһֱ֣ҪǸͷӼᶨ
ڳҪѩȻ뿪ʱһһ仰ΣҪһ赱Ȼ˵⻰˭
ԣһۡ
˵ϣһԺ֮⣬ͲǷȻΪ֮Ǳݸһ迴ģںҪ뿪ңдڵǹԹ֮⣬ǳΪ뿴Լүүʲô̬ȡ
ôȫΪףǸʱըڣϲ׸أһôܹһ
ϵĸӣϽиңͱҪȷ׷ɱҲû˸۸ףȻǰԪ˧ɸΪȷʵһ㣬ʸҵλʵ۲εԪ˧Ҳ֮ʧ
û㹻ʱȴЩĵȵֶΣҪչֳԵʵǲҷԣ
ټ϶һǳҵ棬涼׿ڷˣȻ᲻ʶ̧٣ڼӣĻֻ׵һҪŭˡ
ңǾ仰˼ôԣ֮أôģ
϶һ裬ڹ˵
ûнүүĳƺһ費ںںֻǳˣң˵һ迴ϵǸѾ㹻ˣ࣬Ͼ˺ʵ̫ء
һҲûʱȥү飬˵ԭºĻֱӿڵ£𣬱㽻ȫȨ
˵꣬һϽɫƣֱɳϣ
ǿƣһξӿ޵ĶʼΪǿϽɫƣǳҼƣ
һӳƣ˼Զ
ץס֮󣬳һתߣǰ۽ǵ⣬ȴųǸңţǱǰ׼ҴļĪǵˣ
ڵزֱһһߣŻųһȥߵ棬һԳ˵ʰʰȥ󳡡

ҪȰ˵ȴһϣʲô¸ʲô²ϣףΪ˳һӣȻҲһӡ
һĮĻó׹ѣɫ˲԰ɫʱ罫Сӵھ⣬ֻԼһøá
ԺУϵĶǸпգ㵽Ժһˡ
ѩȻ֮УûлصùӴľϲʵ̫̫ˣתͷѩȻޣȳϿڣ˵϶ΪӴļңүүҲףϷޣɰУ֪жϣҵ£꣬ҪǲִȢңȢλͲйƽƽľ֡
Ͼ˵ţԸҲţ⸣УҪңͲеӰ׼Ҵ壬ͲɽѪҲû꣬ûڵңҳ˵ұȳǲ
뵽Щһֱڳġ񡱣һûˣһͷͨĸоȻ˲٣뵽ǰľæ̽ԼԽӴأΧǴﵽǧףһһɳȻζϸҲǻԾ˲١
϶öԵģȥ֧㡣
ףҲʧġ

ף𣿡
ѩȻЦðþûгˣ˲˰ɣ
Ȼᣬӿգȹɣ¶ľΥЦݣǿģֻ⿾ȥŪ
ʱԺһˣ嵽ſڣȴҳֻվſڣ˵ˡ
ҴֻҰ



827 ԺܰǼ
ԺˣڳҴʱɲ̣ҲһСĹ£ȥɳһֱӸ
»ɶͷԣ֪ʲôʱ򣬳Ҷһ
ɳһûнͣһ£Ȼѯʣؾص⴦Ժˣ˵ϢٴС
ȻĻشȴǣȥֻҰ
һʱ䣬ɵˣΪǸû㾡ľٴ˵ˣڴſڣ
֪ˣһȥֻҰãһ÷ơϺɫ˵ţһ
һأʮͬʱǸҲʮ²ٶ˵ʣת׼Ұ÷ȥˣȻû˵еʣȴһؼһأԽԽŨĲ棬ӵЩ񣬶ӲǱӳȥ𣿶ˣϵǸҥԡ
϶𣿡
ҵ˭ֲʶǣ˭Ҹ׿ʱЦ˵ѩȻЦ⺢ӡ
ˣǸס𣿡
ȻܣҾǷǳ̣
ǽסȥ
ðЦ⣬Ѿþûгڳϣף಻һܳٸͷ
ٸ
ϱ㽫֮Ȥ¶һһѩȻָͣһߣҲٴλصƧԺ֮⡣
ҪҰ÷ƣҶˡ
ɡ
ǣܼҹӽڿ˳ϵ®ɽĿϾȳȴӹҰŪҰʵʲô֡
ܼȵؿųͻһѵӣһƬӰֻҰͱøɸɾعϽصСһ֡
ȼ棬ҰһЩ⣬嶼һһʮػشһһ֮Уһ˵ζѾ˳ȳټӺʦµĵϸʱ̲סһڿˮ
ԺҰãϽһֻȵݸףѩȻӹһҧҪڻǹζֱƢѩȻĴָóԡ
֣ҵվûаѧںµӣǷ˵˵ųֵ˹ȥ˵ܼңҲ㡣
Сôܡ弱æܾɳѾĿݵǰԵҲŨңڱǹʳܣӹ˵лʹ͡
һڣʱ˹һڴſڵǻ¶ֻǿ֮УӶšóԡֵ
ƣҰʱ򣬺ȵ÷ƣ𡣡ϵݹƱ岻پܾߺţﻹţǲһ㡭
ô˵⼦÷УжԳϵĺøУѾĻ֮У㲻ԾؽڳҵĲ£˵˳
˳ż⣬Ʒƣ˵Цʱ湫ҵˣȴòˣ˵ķĵԾǴʮˣиһԲʡ
Ծڵúȴǲﴳȥĺǿ൱أǣʱĹȥԾеŭԽԽʢȻ쵽˱ıԵ
ŮҪҶףҪǲǾֵȥëˣȥ븮֤ǶôţԾǰ˼һ֣Դйҵ˸ҳ壬Ǿ͸ɱļʽ
Ŵʵۡʸǣ
ӹȥȻûг˳һԾˣȵΪǳˣͿץŮǳңҹԾɲ£ٲ洳ˡ
£һ𣬡Ҷÿҿ˭Ҵ򸮡
ЩƺҲõ֪ͨתһǳϣɢߣԾһۿϣֻΪǳЦбˣ˵
˭ʶ𣿡
㻹װǹԾ
Ծǹҵļ𣿡ϵĻùԾһͣش𣬳ֵǵĻǼûʸ˵һʱ䣬Ǿϼûһ㹫췴֮
֮£תߣԾڵ췴Ծ벻ףԽԽԶæʲôɫǼ㡭
Ǹ̤һɱۣϵƮǰȫǴӾĳһһ켴ɱ¶


828 ʲô
ҶһϢԾٶȣǷ贫ţڲųϵϢҵȸС壬ȫѼųϵϡ
Ҷ뿴ϵǺηʥԤϵسΪ˵ĸŮУǷſùȥ򣬾Ҫ湫췴
ǣˡ
Уһ𣬡Сӣ˼
УҲѣȥЩ壬ƹųϸȨҪȫͬҲһӡ
Ȼʱ䣬빫Ǳһģһ
ǣϺ˵һӣʮ£ҲǰҪˣͲǹͲǴة֮࣬ǰ˵˱ֳǿƵһ棬Ŀġ
֪ЩЦĦǿҼʱһӰͻƾֳϥڵأ˵֮ѪӰǰʹ
䣬ѩʢı⻨ӰȴһŮģΪͣн֮
һ㶼֣άôãûʵǲŽй֣һнȣҲԿʵۺҪǻڱһнѾȫܹ֧ϴˣȻɵĻηչһڹɵģΪ˱ĳȻλֻ˳ϡ
˳Ӱһֱۣ˵ڹҵϣӪеļ塢ȵȣȫ͵ǰ⣬г캣ƵȳֱϵѪϣڳҵҪְ˵ϣϡ
ǣ
Ӱûб˿Ӱһٴλնȥ
һߣȥˣ϶ֵÿޱȣʲôҴû˵
һСƨͷȥɣ
壬ݷңȥǲ֪𱰣֪ߵغ񡣡

һӺ󣬳ڷֻ޼ľŸˣŸ߽㶼ºһһԲ˵͵ſϵЦ
˭ûϵʵϽԱ߻صơơ캮˵߸˵֣ˣжڰЦѣȴûκαʾ
ӣӣʮӣҪһˣȻû˵һ仰Ÿ˾÷ˣ캣վȵʲô˼
һ֪ˡ
ûȤһС棬һкܶҪȥ˵ţ캣ֱȥʣҲҪ߳ȥϻǲţֻ˵߳ȥˣԶҪٽ
ߡ
캣һߣˣʣߣ־óЩ죬ٹ۲һ£ʱӰڳǰһϣ˼Ӱ۾ʱ˿ȣûлȥ
ϽڳֱϵѪϣ˳һ̽󣬴гһֽӰ˵ֽ͵УӽӵֽʼʱӺ˻ûͲƹ񡣡
˵⻰ղűӰˣЦЦϺȨЦʱƣһȥ
С
˿Ͻɫƣ͵һֱӰٶȼ죬ȥһʱ䣬ٴγڳߣϳһһŵֽóӰżƶȥ
ųϷһһ˲ҼȥվվһߣųϵķԸţôϣʲô
ϿǵķӦʱףûнԺз˵ȥһת䣬ϱ׳ڴʲôĿģó캣ЩԼϳԿ֮󣬶ԼԹޣӶﵽĿġ
ϲƻģ˿̣ȥ󳡵·ϣţϣƣһ˲ʲôҪһѳ˶㣬ô죬ǵҲûа취ѵܽһѳ˶ɱ˲ɣ
ʱ󣬳ϳֽΨȥĳ캣ûеõκָʾ·ϣ캣ƼҴҵظ·Ц壬ʲô
ӵʱ䣬ٲܣˡ˵꣬һι
캣Īӣˣʲô˼󣬳캣˳ơ캮ˣȫڿ񱼣캣ץסһʸȴû캣иĸоѵǸСӣʲôɱﵲɣ


829 壬ˮ
ҹˣԺȥ
һʱ䣬ϽҲһ飬ӲʩƵȫڹ涨ʱڣϵǼӣǸ캣Ҳǵõ˳гҼƵϢ캣߸һȥ
Ȼ캣ȴûٿýȥ
캣˳ɱӺ˵ֻҲûнһӴԶǸһܹػԭλá
캣֮󣬼Ȳ˳һ裬һֱӣֱͷһó캣ļѳ̶ȣִһֹ
һ˭׳һ˼
ǾԵֳ֧ϡ
ڳ캣Ľ֣ԤϵˣڳһܿϹеһƴ˵ʱһŮܹʽóǿ׳ôһϹһģ˵ҪݣԳвͿһȫò
ɱӺ֮⣬ϻʹһЩֶΣһ˵ЩȫշٳϽȥ飬ǲΥ
㣬ɲǳҼƵԭõֽ棬¼ĿǵУ϶ֽĴܼ򵥣ǰ£̣ٻ١
ɳЩҲף̵ǰᣬҪϵĻֽϵУᱻһ򵽵ףȳ캣ĽֻҪҡ
ԣҪռһЩŨԪƷ֮ʱû˸ҷһȫȥ׼ϿųҵԴȻȥһϺˣҪóҵԴԼ߽ʣǴԲʣ⣬ĺܴΪȱģǶԾĸ򣬶Ԫ
⣬ϻҪӴԪͨһľҵĲֲϲٹ󷨵ȱʧ
ڹҵˣϣһ춼û֣Ҳûǰ£ĸŮóԺúȵ̺ڳңֻ˵ͷȻûһɢĸŮԳϣǺ޵ˣͬʱҲµ˵ס
ҲûȥṫңҪԼ¶ãٽةиȫ׼֮󣬲Żǿ֡
ڳܹڳռһҪλãߣûһɣϾʵɼˣȻûϵô̵ʱ䣬ѽǶȡ
ҵĽأһڵĽС˲٣ҲûôޣȻ̶ȣȴй֮޲һڵĽأľޣʵʵڵģɳҽأϰնǸ߽ȥ֮󣬳ϷоһƬأ֮ǰأȫ뿪
ͬɽѪ̽һֻҽصֱʸóһӾ뵽˳ǲǽɳݵǸþ˳
һֱǰߣ̶ֱˮǰ
Ǹٴ𣬳۾һݣǰԽǰߣԽǸоһɭĺ⣬ԽǰߣԽ䣬ͬ׵䣬ɽ䣬Ųһ·㡣
Ѿ˽ʱϸоԼ߳˺Զˮȴûг֣䣬Ѿ͸ƤҧѪ⡭
ʱûԻ൲ɲôһĴûᣬֻǿǰС
ٰʱ̶֮ˮڳڳǰ
ֻǣ̶ˮδЩСзԲ׿ӡ
̶ˮֵģ̶ˮеһߣͷڰ䣬Ȼǳ棻ÿһߵüѾĹǺอ
̶ˮʱѾһѪ˶յĿ⣬Ҳ͵溬ŵģȫǾϲ켴˵
Ȼ׿̶ˮ¡
û˿ԥֱȥгڣԲ⣻ˮһɲǣֻһָоʶ˲ҪɷĩҪ֣ǹ͵һ壬ɢȫǹ˳ӣʶǳߵ̶ˮҲǼ뿪ߣǹЩУͬè
ϼȻβ˵㻹ǳҵĹ̥ϻ㾳磬˿Ԫߵﲻ˵ˮȻ㣡
ˮ
Լֲ֮ء
ɲǷˮҲһˮ֮ˮ
֮ˮȻ򵥵Ϊˮˮֻ˵ϵʯ߻һˮԲ֮ҹģޱȣʴ˵
⣬쳣𾪣𾪵ĲˮڵǹʲôȻˮη壬ˮףЩ񡭡


830 
ҵõˮľȳϴѪеõΣգΪ˲ˣսƷţһĳҡ
潲ˮĹ£ԺйɽһУþɢ֮ȥ󶨸Ļ棬ǸСŮ
˵ȥˮԽԽȴ֪Ϊιʣʢ֮ʱ㵥߲֮ζ˿˿ˮʧˣܲ٣˵ѵ١
۾͵һ뵽һǰΪҲйϵ˵һȹȥġ
΢΢ЩʧõϵĳŵϧûֱӱʾҲƳϱ̬Ͼʮĸ룬ôһ˵ǵģ϶ܶȹȥֻҪٶһǿߣ˸Ҷһһ
˵⻰ʱֱųϣϣ˳ϡ
ûнӻת˵棬֮ʲôأ
ʥ
ʥ뵽ھ۵ǼУݺھ˵ʥ˵ţгʥؼĹ΢ʹù֮۷塣
򣿡
Ͷúɽʧò׽ɺԣһʧʥ֮ɲ⡭
ֻʥ򣿡ûʥܣȴǼôһ⣬˵ЩҪ
˼һ£˵ģֻеʥ磬ۺ񣬲ܸõ֮䣬иĻ򣻵Ȼ¶⣬ϣȴȻ䣬ҽٶ൱죻Ҳˣеʾ磬򣬵һ£ܲʩչǾͲ֪ˣܵ˵򣬰һֻǹ̫գͱңҲ򣬿ôˣȴȻ͸ô¶ȴҪ̤ʥ֮ˡ
һʵʥ֮ʲôأ
óȴûش𣬷ͷ죬ú󣬲˵ܹϺܹϵĴ˵ʥ֮񣡡
񣿡
ݴܹգͷϵĲ񷣬磬һƬա
գ
濴𾪵ӣЦҲִ̫ԣ˵ϾǴ˵ǧ˭ҲûмĴڣǴ˵ǼٵҲһ
Ȼô˵ţȴΪпʵĴڣա֣ԺиֳĻǺĻ棬·Ǵѷ¡
ûн˵ȴٴʵ棬棬ʲô
֪ҡͷ
ߵյ𣿺滹ûУ
ҲУҲûС˵û˵ˣҲ̧ͷ죬ԭ죬ĿԺƵģġ
뵽⣬ϲЦˡ
治֪ΪζЦȴ˵Щľһ
ԣȴû˵ɲһġ
һЦҺ㣿
ҡͷ뺦ңѾ˵
Ϊʲô
ϵʵ̫˵Ҵ
ŶЦҸҪʲôĴ
ԥһ£뵽Ļʼ˵бˣнΪĳ棬ľҲһһ㶵ġ
һ˵ˣȴûзκͣڳׯܵս֮С
ú󣬳˵㾭ֲʱ䣬ʵ˵ֽųϣôЩؿ˵Ǵġ
棬չôãҲɣ
ɲ˵ģʸͷҲ򣬱λҲ򣬿Ҳû˭֮ѣ죡
΢ģҪ˹ƹضҪ˵ʤ㣬ֻһжˣֵ˵Ĵ棿

棿һߣֻҪƴҪҲҪ㻤£ҳҵϣ˺
˵仰ʱᶨޱȡ
ϵһΣڳҸоһů⣬˵ĿΪңǣϵУӿĸжĥѣһ̲ĵ
ţȴͻʵ棬ղ˵ģʲô˼


831 ݣ֮
ϵʻϸһ˿ɬ˵⣬һʮ¿ɻ
ǳһǧ𣿡ϾȺ
ЦģϧʮǰΪһݣֻ޽ױػʱ޷ԱһС֮£֮
ݣ
һʵʶ
˵ϵ˵ȴǰҲƽΪƳٵһζҩݣ濴˳϶ݵ⣬ͰһЦжһϻӣϻһƬҶӵĲݣ⣬ݡ
˵ţݵݸ˳ϡ
ٴ𾪣̧ͷų棬ƺΪʲô
һЦҳǳһεػߣ㣬˭˵ҿҪ㣬Ϊء
˵Ǵʵ·ףɳижӿ˳ǰ˵ɣɳȴܸܵգңĳ˵ǳԼģܹԽǧǿߣڣֻʣʮ⸶Ĵۣ޷㣡
ɳ棬ôʲôҲʣΪʲôʶҪʲôֱӸ
Ͻӹݣ֪ڽӹݵһ˲䣬ͽӹ˳ӣػΣ޷ܾﶼҪٵ
ⳤٵ˵Ҫʮζҩÿһζҩ쳣ѰΪֹҲֻռӳձ˺֣ǱȥռݲԪݺͺ찬㣬һϢҲޡ
лл档Ϲ˵Ͻݣǿʯͷ£Ц˵ллģӦҡ
Ͻպãʵ棬֮һʲôĶ
ľ綾ˮѹƣͱճɻˣҲΪ֮ˮ½ʮûˡҵһػߣ˵ƽ
ϼָָˮʱ׳һ׳Ϊʲôôżҵȷͦ󣬿û㹻ʵػǾͳеĴ򣬶ˣͨޱȱҵġ
뵽оһһݣ˵棬֮
ɲСȻܾܳһ£ȻҾͳ˳ҵˡ
Ҳµġ
У֮нǿ߶У͸ˡ
˵棬֪ҵ̥ǹٶ֡
֮¶ᲢۡԲ
ͷųںһĻ棬˵Щ𣬶ġͷųˮҲ֮Աġ
״ԥԥ֮󣬳滹ҡҡͷҲðա
棬ڻһˮŵòҿңˮѹ֮˵֮ܽҸ𣿡
˵õһ滹Źǣϼܶ꣬ҽ޴ãҸܱ֤ܺúûţ𾳽硣
仰˵˳Ŀϣһѵľ֮󣬽쵽˳ǰСĵ㣬һ˿˳

ӦţһĽղ˵ʱûн֮ɳܽн𶾵֮ô׶Ըġ
ˣûмȥ֮̽ǽԼ״̬˴оǹɲо֮΢΢һϣһϲв˵а취֮
һк󣬳ϲŽԪ̽룬ȷ󻹸Ԫ̽󲻾ãϱо֮Ȼ
Ȼ
Ͼ̾ţԪڤٿɲǵӸոʱԪڤ٣Ϊ֮͹̻֮ܣΪӣȴܽ䶾
Ȼˣûȴв֮ںϵĻ棬һӴ֮Ҳͬһûˡ
ͬʱϸо˺ķŭŭ֮УΣ˵ǿ֮˿̫С˲סǷˡ
˷ŭ֮⣬һֿҪ֮һ˵Ŀ
ûðֽˮԪӿ롭


832 ɱ
ںϾ׵ĻԪκβ֮
ˮԪˮԪӲûнӴ֮ͱûˡ
֮ǽľò֮ܶã֮ʵ̫ǿˡ
ˮ
뽫ˮˮԪһԣȴֲðգȻ֮ܽǳĴɾ͸Σˡ
ͷϽϣϣʹȥѾӴ֮ˣûаֱٵ
״ϲϲ
󣬳Ͼˣ֮ȷκβⲻ֪ǺԵҲûн֮߾ͬͺˮμ
ϲģֶλû꣬ԪתУڽȥܹȻͬ죬֮֮ȴж
Ҫӵϡ
ʱ֮η֮⡣
һϷϽɱҲһԶ룬ֻ֮η
һѻ𣿡
ŭˣһӿ˽ȥ
ڳΪǿڣԳڵĶҲΪŸȣвҵľûд
һȥ䣬֮ԵأתͷܣϿһߣܣܵõ𣿡
ϱ֮ס֮·
Ȼ֮ǽդ֮Ȧǻȫûģ֮һͷޣƻ˽ǽΧס
󣬳ĥЩһԶ£֮ʱƴֿȴǿ֮ססˣϲסˣû뵽ʮ֮õ֮ͿҪˡ
ͻľϲ֮ˣֱӽû
ϣȴֹͣ˴ɱ֮ȻԴ˿Ƴ棬뽫֮շн˼ɵ֮˵ǿǱ
ǴɱУ
ǿߵĴɱУ
ɽһս֮ׯܲŹ֣պƴɱֶһ㱣ϣˮ˿ûˮţн֮˽ȥ硢ɱȵȻܣУ֮ӳϳ
֮Ѿɱˣﻹ춯ԹԵشӳ˳ϵĵ֮ڣϱо˺׵ĵ⾢
ɳûе⣬֮ȻˣҪ֮ڣҲһ¶
ڿϲеĳ棬صĳϣϲöʱɢţǧܳ¶ԲܡڳУϵҪԶԶԼ
Ϊܲܽʥ磬Լ϶һܽʥ֮һҪסİȫԪ׼ʱ֡
һʱȥϻû꣬ʹ֮У
עţȴղڵԪǿĻԪԪˮԪҲԪǿȶƽ֮ܣ϶󡣾һͰܽˮȡľ壬ȡ̵ľ塣
ˮܶ½ˮҲˣԽˮ÷ӵ󡣡ֻ΢һǣ¶˾ġ
еĳϣȴ˿֪
ʱȥ治ģҪһ̽ʱ۾
ô
á
Цһ£ʾû֮ó׼ЩԪ֮һתȡԪ֮ΪϽ֮ͻƵļ
ϾҪ׼Ϊߵ߽ʣ˻ᣬȻŹж濴ųϼȡԪķʽһ㶣ϲ
ϵʵԽǿԽˣ
һʱ䣬ϱ㽫׼Ԫ֮ȫ߽ʣһ֮̧ͷ棬ڵһ࡭
УУУҪж١˵ţӴָȡһڵȻʮƷħ޵ڵóռĶȻ
ڵ㹻ˡţȴڽָĶã˵ЩҪǲĻ
ȳϻػѾڳһĶеĸƷԪ֮͵졭
ֱ֮óһΪʲô£Ͻһʱ佫ԸȥҲԳȥռ
ⳡҹ쳣ٶûʱ䣬ʹ˸УõϢ۾һת˵ҵҪˡ


833 ߳
ڵ֮ȥΪܵѹƣûʮƣѾǼѡ
ţֿҪףӼȻļطԸ˳һǾ仰
һļҪֱһɽ걩磻˵Ǳչأʮ겻һأҲ˺ܶ˵ĻɣֶͨΣ֪滼زΣϦ
ҵĶͷңҡ
ܹڽ겻µĴ֮⣬Ϊһֱһλ𾳽ǿߣһλǿڣסЩС
Ҫǳûǿػô˵ҵѱή١
ҹʮ𼱵ôԪ֮˿϶һΪΣյ飬ؾͻ뵽λػ߳⡣
ȻôҼһ趼Գˡ
֮⣬ʲô飬óһ輤ӣ
ϢٴųϷĹϲһôһƽ˼ǵ˵ʱóȻжȷһ£ֻҪǿŴ£ʲôһ裬Ǹȫ߽⣬֮£Ҵҹҵֱˡ
еλϲޱ룡
һö߽״ָߵأߵˮʱ˶ɵۣվڳرߣڳˮУЩˮڼټ٣СرСӡ
棬ǡ
Цˮûˣˮã
֮
Ѿȥ
̩ɽǰɫĵĳһ裬ҲǾԴӵ֪֮ϵѹޱȾ޴󣬡˭֮
ת֮䣬һ뵽ǳϵԭ򣬹Ȼֻ˵ǳСӣ֮˳
ʲô°ɡ
ʱ򣬳һԵ֮£ֶһ֡
˵Ƕ˵ȴǸ˵һ䣬ʵѼĶأ
ȫ档һ轫ָϣ潫ռĶ˷֮⣬ҲȫһԶ˳ϣ˵֮䣬̶Ѿûˮ
֮ˮûкĵ϶پһΪѾǸ߽ʣҪǹڣˮǳϵóˮȪˮˮںһ
ΪһŷŹ
ˮ֮ǰϻˮԼһ飬ǿȣϼ֡
ˮһռе㲻ڣҽҲٳ֮ΪأҲؽӹЩָһ˵һúܶˣḻɡ
ôˣǲ˾ҿ첻ˣҪЩˣüԣһ˵ͷͳȥǺúõʧһ¡
棬Ҫ
һͬʱ𣬳һۣЦүϬ˵˵ΪʲôҪȥ
һԳ˵˵ɡ
ϵͷежٶߣ߾жôҲȫ֪ô˻ᣬǵ⣬Щ߶һ򾡣
Сӡ̾Գһ˵Ҳ˼
ǵġ
һжԳҲ൱⣬ʵǽô߳
ϣֻ̽ҪװģСܵˣҲޱȽŵգҪֳԵ򾲣˽ӵܣ͸¶ЩǻԼ뷨һЩΪԼ·£֮Թҵ£ȥʵۣ֮䣬ʵ۶ӻһſԴЩߵǡ
һ˵һЦ۾гһ죬˵ˮʧػٻŲɾܲ鵽
켴ֽ۾ųϣ˵Щ£Ժ㲻ᣬҪԼʵԺ͸ߡ
桭
㲻Ը⣿
СӲԸ⣬СδףЩʱס
ͷ֮⣬͸ߡ
áشӦˬ졣
һ⣬΢΢Щϧӱֵãʵ̫ˣǷǣƺܶϼһﶼǷݵǷʵ󣬺֮𡭡
濴ųһ裬ݵԺЩȥˣ㿴ôʰ㡣
棬ҡһ費ɿЦҼƶ˳ȥ
ܿ죬ˡ


834 ˣҪ
ڳҴ֮ʱǰս֪ϻصĻʸܿҲ̣ϻأߵ·̣ȴҪ;ǣ
ʸܿҪȥʲôԶ
ҲõµϢλһгϵ켴Ҳȥرռĵֻ̣һɱ£һҪҵϣɱ⡣
еӣ졣
ǣˡ
Ͻڵֻ޺ӣߡ
ʱѩȻΧػѾ൱ǿ߱һڳƸ֮£Ȼʲô£ɳϻԷһϾֻӿܹׯҲڳѪ۵Ĵڡ
ΪҸ˵Ĳųɡš
ʵۣĸŮЩ֤ˣûסĸŮס˽ΣֻĸŮǰֶãһ߳ΧѾ˫۾ڶųϡ
˵ɿͷųϵ۾Թޣͬʱļ£ڻţڳЩ棬ʣһҹ֮䣬ƺúܽˡ
õϢͽһҲȥţ˵ͼʵ˵ܼͼģ
ʹ˾ٵĿģܼ򵥣Ҫѹ³ϵǹƣҪӳҵĵף̽̽αΪõ鱨˵ΪԽԽԾˡ
빫һǰһ󵽴ʹǰϵȻȴǿϷ̬Ϸô϶˳ҪԡŸ
Ȼ֮²ãʹ֮߳һλţϾˣ;ȣæǰʿʿةˣԲҵæ˵ԭί
ԭǰش㱨ΪɽȥɫѿҲҴ
ʵ۵ȷ˭ܼģǣȴһ⣬ʸǶԳϺȤʮǰϵķСӣʮնɱǿȴ翳вˣ棬Ĺ£
ԣϺ˳߽һϱоһѹѹǿģǱʹڵģǻ֮
̧ͷûпʸǵ®ɽĿֻ˻ʸǵһ˫ţ
΢ϣμ£
ϣ
ڡ
˵͵Ľִ˽ʺĻʸ¶ζЦݣ³һ֣
ͽõڣһ蹦̵£ʸųϣкش飿
£ش󣬲˵֪й¶
˭ˣ
ʸʵֱףϻشøֱӣһָͣ
¡лȴ¶ֻίϳǱѡة࣬С˵ϳˣ൱˵¡
˵һӹڵأϳ裬ϧʣϳ࣬³ϣ֮ն
϶ʥʣڿìͷָʥʣĺڣ
ʸ۾һȴûֻǰⳡϷ
˵ˡ
ԽһҴ죬ˣʲô
˵
£΢֤ݣ
˵
ϱ㽫Ǽ£ɱ£췢Щ£ָìͷȫةฮ
ⷬǳ֮߼ŷ棬һּ٣ٵľǹ͡

Ǳˣԣѿڶ˻һڣ󵨹ͣʥǰ˵ķݣǼܻ߳ŭ𣿡
£ԩѪˣϳΪϹᡭ
ɸҴةฮһѣϵһʣùסһӦǣĪǳةฮֽţ⡭
ûȹʹӦʸǵٴδ˵ֻ˵
ĪһͻһϲṫͣӦǣ£ɱ˧Увֵǿߣ۵ʵȴ۲۳˧²⣬ǰǹпΪĵҩֶΡ
ʸ۾͵ر䣬ڣѹԣͬһ㣬һܹۣɾӣ֪
˹󹦣ϣǰߣնۣԽҪηͣ
΢ֻĸָţ˵һƷھ˻ҪߵķţϴһһͬһֻӬں൱Թģ
֮ĸѩȻΪƷھˣ
лʥʶͣ
ϣ㣬ܲɻҪ󣿡
΢һҪ󡣡
˵
ϻҪҪвϲ֪ν֪ˣϷ򶷣Ϸة࣬Ǳƽǳҵġ
ֻǣ뵽ϸղŵı֣Щ΢΢


835 Ǯ֡²
ϲǣϲռų˵Ҫ󣬶зҪȻӣɾͶЩˣȻһСӺס
һ˵ʥʽڼ󣬲ľʹʴҲʥ£ΪĳңлʶƵԸౡ֮һǧƷԪʯ
Ļû𵴳ȴǾڵ֮ǰ⣬ȫգҪҷ
һǧƷԪʯǳһãţͻ뵽ΪʲôҪһǧƷԪʯѵ˵ǡǮ֣
оȣ˲תɾϲ
ʸ۾Ҳһ뵽ϵ˼в꣬ĪĲˣһ䣬Դ˵ʧҲ൱
Ҫر𣬲׼ˡ
лʥʡ
ɷǶϷ޿񱼳֣ͤײ·ˣ磬޶δ
ͻһ²æͷڵأϳͻؼҽӸ
һ£ɸɷã
䣬˵лʥʡ
ȥɡ
ʥ΢ˡ˳ȥĿģѾȫﵽһ鷳£µ֪ʵѾȬK֪ŭɺεģ취˱ķ
˳ȥҲ˳һǰһ߳ʹ֮ţһӣȻֻǲ֪㻹á
ŲţҲ֮ǰȡĿϬвͬʱɱй
ȻʵҲɱϾֻһĹ٣Ϊѣ￹Ũɱ֮Уȵϣıة࣬ﵱ
ةˣڻʹǰɱôŨΪǶҴʥʲҪǵĻﵱ壡Ϸҧһڣ࣬ȴҲ˵һ֣Ҳ˷ֺ
ϿǣԾڶ˵ˣģеڣ϶¶Ǹ˿ǵѧϾܻؼˡ
˶ųϣĿǰԹ˼ʮЦ˹øͷˣɷܲ벻
ճģš
͵ѵһҧҲɣЦţ˵ϣԶôõĸ
˵ĸԶã
ǿɲãûǿֻ֣߳ǾͻԶȥˡЦ䣬ɫ䣬Ծ飬ѿ
ճģݺˣΪ˻𣿡
Ų㡣ν˵ͻر䣬ʷûʸڱ󽫾ǰƱˣˣٸһ£Ѿʥ׷Ʒھˣһ׵ʱøϽ¹򣬲Ȼ١
˵ͷӴˣ䣬Ծ˵ľ룬˲٣ʱ˷ˣ콫Ҷӵץȥ
ˣ£
һ˽ӣЦţճģһ㡭
Ȼ˵Ļû˵꣬ٸ֮ˣһһҽ£ŮҲ⣬һɵˣˣǲץˣץǱߣǸճСӡָų˵һߣץľ㣬ߣ
ǱˣԾŴӡͷлعȴЦݵضԳ˵󽫾ˣԺʲô£Ը
˵ЦˣСҷԸʱ˵ŰݷãֻҪ˲Ųͺˡϵ˵仰˵òȴù˵֮в
᲻ᣬҼҵȴţԶΪ󽫾򿪡ظ˵ţϵͷֶ˵ʲôʵشУһΪġ
쭵˵ͷֹά˵ȥҲȥ뿪֮󣬹͵壬Żָ
͵ķŭԲ˵ȴûᣬٶȣϻةฮԺų˵ĻϾһǧƷԪʯĸŲΪƺڱһ£治ˡ
뵽͵ޱȳ죬ͿˣǸ棬ǳһ裬ҿأҪôQܷɣ
ûˮĽŲûʸǷŭİ취
ͻأһ˵ˡ


836 漣ȭͷ
İԼˣ֮кܶأҪһأѩȻڤ˼֮£һ뵽һ⡣
ʲô⣿æϾʸҵλʵҪǵûʸմŭһ֪ʲôʧ
Цţ˵֣漣
漣Сӣ˵һ㣬ôأһɻ󣬳Ц䲻кܶ漣Ĵ˵𣿱ڵϼһŷֽպþĴ˵ɱȴһǿߵĴ˵ȴĴ˵ȻôĴ˵ôо綾ɱͷȴ漣رƳ֮նɱ˴ɱߣִ˵ҲǺϺֻ渣Ե̫춼ղߣ
ãȻһ漣̾ţֵȥǸɱأ
ʱ϶дɱ
ûأ
ҲһܺõĴɱ𣿡Ц
ҲˬʿĵЦˣϽӴʱ̣ܶ濴ԽԽˣһ漣㵹һʵ漣ʽϣûм
Ҳ봴ʲô漣ֻƴػøһ㡣
ϵĻһЦЦ첻µزµĳϣﶼһЩֻ˵Ϊ漣Ϊøõػţ㣬ڿʼףԷ˯ʱ⣬ҪҵĲпѵ
һ㶣켴Ц棬µģ˯ʡˣ
Ǵڿʼ
á
ϵǸֻ֣³һڣһƬȿռ䣬Ԥ׵ؽ֣ϸоȫ£ŷյļ尾ţһɾ޴ĻȭСϺԥط˳ȥ
ȴǴȭͷ˵һȭɻ⣿
⣡
Ǿͼ
ɣϺֱ졣
ȿռٴϮ£ϱ޿ɱܣɽϣǳׯܣ֮С򡱣ݺݵŰ˳һѣúˡˡׯܵġɱ򡱣ֽ񣬳ʵǣĶ֣Ҳǳ𣬶н𣬲߽Ϊ֮Զĳ档
ˣɱУ֮ãң֮ôһ㣬һɾһ㣬˾ûˡ
ԣֻһ˲֮䣬˾ȭ
˼䣬ʱռȻ࣬Ҳ㹻ʩչ
ܲٴγ֡ǾҪ˵ˡ
Ȼո۳Уһȭ߶ϣȵ

ϲʣ켴Уȵȣϧһαϣٴκȵ
⣬ʵˣĿǰĵ֮У΢һģҲ֮ɳ涼ãѵ治һĲпᡣ
ڳ֮ʱʮ
ʲôϺ
㲻ȭͷ𣿡
ȭͷһʣԼҲȭͷȽȭͷʹнսǺŰûʲô𣬡棬㲻ȭͷ֮ɣ
޵һϴ˳ȥһ𣬡ôܣ
Ϊʲôܣһʣȭͷ֮ΪξͲȭͷ֮أ
һ紺󣬾ˡ
ǰȭɽѵأΪβ֮ܺ򣿡éٿȭһһһɾڳϾʱ򣬳Ҳûֹͣ
ȻϣܼѣûһԹΪ֪ɱսʱ˸ʱɵӣ̫
߼Ȳпѵųϣ߽͵֮ʵܼ򵥣Խ俴һɽҲԿһˮֻǲһɽһˮɽдСˮж٣ͬҲдСǿ
֮򣬲ǽֵķΧУһ磡ҵ޼ûûˮûһУֻԪȵȣȫת˻𣬳˻ǻ𣡡

һһ֮ĽͣӳĶϵ϶⣬ҲԽԽ̣ͬʱҲڡȭУѹʮ岨
ѹԪȵȡ
滹˵ţҲˣҵĻ򣬾ҪˮˣȻÿˮûҵĻǿ׿˵ÿ˲ˣ
޼һȥ
𡪡
ϿХȭͷ


837 ʮ¥
䣡
ȭ޼ҵײһ𣬱춯صر󷨣ֻ¸ղŵ꣡
˺ƴһȭȴûн޼Ƶֻ޼һҵĲ
켴ָƽ
ȭɢܣȫ޼ɣΪ޼һ
ңҲײõףȴûѪ罦һѪ˻ȥѵ֮УҲ˷һ˿һ
Ȼһȭûк޼򣬵û˿٣н򣬾ôĻҲ̫ˣҲòŴɽ˽ǡ
һأϲѹԪȵֻǴ
нǿߵ˺õĻᣬȥң
ϲʹԽʹսԽʢʮ岨УǾʮŲʮ߲ʮ˲
ѹͬʱҲǶһִ
ϲ֪һȭ𺳣һ˲䣬һֱ֮УȻָоֻ˲ʧޣû˿©ȴǸˡ
ˣ滹нѹȫʩڳϣóŢ֮㣬Ͼۼѣϵ۾ȴǾޱȡ
ȻΪóӦѹԺ𾳽ĶʱͿӶֵѹǼԷѹЧ
ͬʱ滹Ϊϸķš֮򡱣
ɣٺɣٵ
ѭżٻһȭ
ھħѵʱּˣһѾڲ䣬¶Ҵý飬˵֢ѲԶ
Ϣһ󣬳ӵУЩҷģ˼֮󣬿ʼнӴ׼Ϊɽ
ȻЩӵܵһһȫѪӣ͵˳һһһ߶ûУ۾ȴ˷ʵʻɱ
˵ĪڹͣͽϰһǣڻʹſڸǱ൐شŭȼգõЩϢԺ˳ϵΪǸͷٴθʵһʲôӦ
Ͽһ¶ûзڳҲµİ֣̽һ֮ʱܻ᲻ͣ̾Ϣ
򾲣ֳǿƣôҪˡ
йڳҵ֤Ƕ׼ˣ˶ڴǲǿԷˣ
ͳһ£ҡҡֵţȣ̽λʵ˵ǳҲµһ֣͵ȥ
Ǿ֣һȥǾʯ١
ĲˣǲǰǲǾ֣Ͷں
ӰͼͻƳҵķ뵽ĽϧЩӰ˭ҲûͻƵˣ֮ǰǳһ
͵õϢʱʲôǡͻûг嶯´ȴɳ˸Ĵ̿ͣȥҵķϵ˴պķ¥ɱ֯û÷¥ֱȥɱ棬ǽĿ׼˳ϡ
¥ԲҽĴɱŭǿߣǿѰ·ȡڣǿԶǵĵҲ֮˴ı֮󣬽˴ɱϵ
ͬʱҲеǿߣԲ۾ǿߣ˳ȥŻһ̽ɭϣϷҪķжɭһ㲼棬ڵľʲô
ҽأ߸ʱĶħѵûϢһһ룬ѵɽׯܵɱսûв֮⣬ս࣬ǹ֮޲ǳսҡ
ҲŴˣǺ纣ӴԪӽڿݽ߸ɺˣȻԴԴϵԪԪֵĹ̫Զ̫Զ
߸ʱϽ˾žʮȭ
Ƶѹ֮£ѹ˶ʮĳǴﵽ˼ޣ䣬ϲûѶԹȥ
Сӡ
ҲȻԪĵҲ٣û˵ΪûˣóڵȡԪǷһ
ԪʼųɳĮӣ˵ѾˮԪǸ㼯Աٸֵʱ佫ܵԪȫпܳңԱҪҵ
ţһĶһ仰£һ轫ȥ
ϣ߼ȡԪȡɳ̣ʼ𡶲ɽĲ㾭


838 ֮£Ȼó
ˣµһ쵽
Ҫӣֽһ졣
ӣڲںηΪλϱ
ϣһǱжȴϢ֮󣬳ϵеˣ˾ͽԪʯҩڳҵ˾ͽһȣˣ˾ͽˣ绹ʲôԸ
Ҫչ˺Լ˵ʮɽΡ˿ûаףŶ˾ͽ˵˾ͽͷһʱ䣬ҲһĪľ֮С
˽Ʒ뻰֮ûжͣƬ̣뿪ˡ
˾ͽѾнΪǬתתʱ䣬˾ͽ˾磬һλţȴԼܲ⣬Ϊڵʵǲܸţ磬һƴġ
˵꣬˾ͽ֥ɺ浽ʮɽȥЩħƴɱҲɱڵ˿ɲ٣Ѿﵽǧˣ
˵򸮣һãԪָʱ򣬡ɽҲݶ֮ǰһֱݣ첻߳һ
ԥأϾĵʮ
ЩΪصԪ֮ҲпЩԪ֮ǿҽ֮ģ棬ԻһСȷѪ꣬ǳȥҲѲѪ
ڣһ仰ڳϵңĶһ飬һѣöָ
Ȼǿ󣬺ܶҪΪֻҪһ仰ˣֲϵţǳڼ壬ǴΪռԴʵ̫ḻˣͬڣǳңҾݳ˾ҲҪΪԪ֮
пŵͬʱҽ̺֮ŵԪѾȫڣڵǿȣͨҪԪԽԽԽԽ࡭
˵ͨһҪԪҪ㣻ҲǳܹƵģҪǿĸڡ
һһɣ˵ʱҵԪĶͨ
ʱķɣڻ۹˵ʮͨҪԪһʹѪӲʱ֮󣬳ۡ
ɽĲ㣬ɣ
һʱоַ˱仯æǲϢˣǼ˵ţȳ޼ٴй
ûӭȭϣȴǿˣ˵棬Ҫȥˡ
ԣ֣ƺЩ񫣬ţȥȥҸоǿ˲٣
ȳ˵ȥѾ񱼣ţæӳһöӣ˵ţǻԪʣԪѰУľԪ
л档
ϽӹԪԥֱ븹УȻ󣬽䵼뵤ǰԪˮԪһ϶ִᷢҲô׾ͱ
֮£ǰ쭺ʵ֮£Ԫ㷴ޣ͹ԹԵڽ֮УһڽȥϱоḻĻԪϢûתУؼĻԪԶȥǼΪĻԪûһ˿ӡ
˻Ԫ֮⣬ˮԪҲꡭ
֮£Ȼó뵱õˮԪǿǾһǴջҲ൱󣬺֥ɺ棬ɺ¶бװһ䣬ҪԺȥʱȴмˣΧһŮŮò䲻޹ھŮһö
Ƕ࣬ûóײϣҲͰˣóײôҲҪȥһ£Ҳ˶ʱ䣬˵ڿǳ
ϷٶȣȺȥδѾסȺ飬ȫһظڳϵԺ
ʶô㣬ָһҪȻƯͰˡһصЦš
üһȴǺȳۣΪˣȻ⣬ıңıңѵ˳³㣬ǣԼʲô𣿡
һ仰Уŭһ֮ͬ飬и𣬸ǾҪŮ
ȻһŭȣȴһƬЦ
ڻԸԼǳ


839 Ϊʥ
ڻԸԼǳ
ǡ
˹ϵ

һû˿ܸ߳УϵϲҡͷȻһϷǣЩɫȨĳҲ̫ڲûһ
ǳȻں˵ңһͲأΪڵĳңǰĳ˵ʲôʱͱɾˣҽ㣬Ǹһ·һ·ֻҪͻʸһǾܱʮӵĴȣʱұʮӵıӻ֮£Ҳܻȥ
ǳˣǳһ꣬ҳѪԳҷȳˮҪ£٣ұҹ˵ü䣬Ӣ
㲻ۻЩ⡣
ֺξ壬Ƥ֮棬ëɸΪҵˣʮӾܱסǿЦ
ӻֲѵӦôӦӦҲôӦʸɻ㶴ӻأ¶ʵĿ
ô
ôֵǣ֣ԺҸڴһˡһȳһӵϣͻնһһճƿΧˣճһ·
û˳ȥ۵˱ͻһˣȳܳȥ󣬲Żعŭץסǧóˡ
նһ֮ĳɫһƬ԰ףײײǰţﻹţۣҳԸһҲѳҵ飬ǵĿĵóѣ
ɲ㣡ۺţһԾ𣬾Ҫڳǰ
ͬʱڷǰһˣǿǰӵòóһӾ˭æ˵ЩԳҲ
Һ
ϵ˵ţҪǸۣҲָס켴뵽ҶҪˣټ֮ЩҲֻ֮ȫ֪ϵʵ
ԣۺȵ˭ӵĺ£ӾҪ˵ţһѴӳ֣˲䱻ɫΧ
֣һץ۵ʱ˰֣ľָһдꡱȴǳеƷˡ
Ŵѵģг۵˫ţ
ѪƮ䣬ѪȻһ˵ȣȫɵۣЩ죬ϵ֣ö룬ȴûн˵Ǵ󲮵Ķӣɴ󲮳ɻʱѾܴǳʱϻ֪أڳĸȳϴ
ȻΪǿʵǰĳϣһ֣ǿľս
飡
۵ڵϣ˳ڳ

һУҪתӣ˵һߣһȣߣ˫ȣʮߣնԴ
һﴫ˸Ҷ
켴ǡۡȴܳȥˣֶϽˣܵÿģܳĲҲ˫˫ţȫնˡ
뿪ңôף֮ǵΪ

Ҫ

ǵİΪǸղŷµУһϢ֮Ϊȥͨʲôǵ𣬶󣬴ȫ

ҲУ۾𾪡
ﻹʲô𣿡
֮󣬱ȥɫҲ׷ʣЩʵ̫ࣻղų뵽ҲҪҸǰǺѡ
ӽã˭۸㣬ҡ
ҡ
Ц˵㱾ãˣСãһ°㡣
ȻǸϳϵ˼άٶȣæʲô¾ܷԸ

ԥ˰죬ڻ硭
ã¾ǡϽ뷨һ˵ʵԸ𣿡
Ը⡣ûһԥӦϵųԺȥһ߽Ժ䣬ֻСӾͳ˹һδ㣬ȡһԪˣһȥСӼ״ӰץסԪˣԻһ
ѩȻӴֽǰ󾭹˽һҲ˵˳̸֮УѩȻͻ˵϶ҳȥһȦ˵Ҫȥʥš
ʥţʲô£һʣ˵磬ʥյӵӣǶ̸ȥʥŰɡ
˼ʵʥжԶ


840 
ʥǲԶӱһһҹʱ䣬ִܵǿߣòһʱվʥŵɽ֮ǰҪǿߣʱ͸ˡ
Ҫʩչߡȫ֮£ʱ䣬Ȼٵÿˡ
Ǽ飬ϵûôϣֽʵûֻصİȴǹڻ֮ϾͲ˵ʲôˣ䲻Ҫʵǰ˵Ļȡ˰Ҫһѵ
ңʥгµһӣҲȥôˡ
صңͱһ¶Ҳûüȥ˵ʥǽԶһһʱ϶ĻҲȥһˣʱ䣬жħѵԼʵڰԺ˵ϣˡ
ڣ¶̫ʱ䡣
ټϣ뿪ҵĻ϶ע⣬иĲ²⣬һЩ಻סС߳ԺƻʵУôڻ
һȥܽ¶ֶΪأôһҲʹ⣬ǰʥһˣȥİʲôӣǿӣûдΪж̲ס
ѩȻƺҲ֪Ӻæϧ˵ţ϶ҪȥɣңҲįģͷİɡ
û¶ش󣬶û״󡣡
⺢ӣ겻컬ˡѩȻЦ˵˵˺һ뿪Ժ䣬Ȼ뿪֮ǰιСһԪˡ
Сӣ뵽ԼǿźڵСޣ֪ڵʲôħޣ˯ôˣô౦ѪҪʧŶԡ
뵽ڵȻȻ뵽ǺɫƣҲ֪ƣǴʲôԿףţڤڤ֮гȴһָоһ죬ƽƵܣ
Щ£ȹһӣûҵĻҲΪؽ׼ú֮
ԺпհЩ˼ϵ˽أĶħѵ濴ϣûж໰޼óȭ
й֮ǰľҲԤϵôһУ׼һѹʮ岨ʮ岨ɱĶʮˡ
ΪɡɽĲ֮ǴȭѾﵽ˿ֲľʮ
ˣȻƲ޼򣬳ϵɶȥ
˵ӵĹ湻죬һȭܹ֮ͻһǧ֮Ļб仯˵ţ䣬ȭѳ
ѹʮ岨ʮǾŰҪͻһǧ֮ϿҪѹˡ
ǣĿǰʮ岨Ѿǳܳܵļеļޣÿһޱȣϵҷն͸ƴɱ֮ϵһǧ֪ʱݻ
Ȼ֪ϵѴһҲ飬ҪƵóϼǱϱӭĿ籩꣬ţš
һ죬ϳ׵ʱ⣬ȫڽжħѵҲѹʮŲһǧ֮һ֮ң
һ֮ңֻһҹʱ䣬Ȼûпóȥ
һһҹѵɲǰջҲûԵģǿӣΣǿȣÿһνԪý֮ԪƷʸرǼԪˮԪʱΪԡ
ѵ滹ˮԪԪĹϵţ˵ĹһľԪ˵Ҫ£ȥһˡ
ҹɫ֮˵Ҫȥʥɽһ˵ԭίҲû˵гȻñȻôͨҿȥأʱ䲻˷ѣռĹ󷨵飬·϶ĥĥ㽫Ǹɽ߲㣬ҿж١
ֻʱ򣬱ģˡЦ˵ùЩ飬ȥʵĵǣΪɽֻоŲ㣬Ų֮Ҳûˡ
ѵߴڣͽڴ𣿡ϲţԳ֮ҲûѰɽ֮Ĺϻǲţçɽɽ֮󣬻ʲôûУҾ͡Դһ似ԴΪԴ
˼·ˣʥŶȥ
Ȼһ·ϣûĥ󷨡
Ϊˣ
ˣ


841 Ϸ
ˣˡ
ȻҲˡ
еעһ֮ϣԴϲ죬Σ
磬ԪڤһӣӲԴԴϣϲ
ϵӣһˮأֻǣ˿̳ҪĲˮǾ֮ףԽ࣬ʱʹø磬Ե֮ʱʤܴϲ٣
˴ûᣬȻǲŹ
һԾ죬嵽žžŵϲ磬ͷųš
ȻΪ乥ǿҵĴڣڵ壬ǼƷҪǿϼ֣£ɴһɹ˺ѷεʹ
Ҳ٣ǣȫ𣻶ڴ乥ԶԶ֮ǰʮǰٱֹ
ʹţϲš
һ类ԽԽߣԽߴܣߴһ൱ڵͲʮʮ
ҪΪˣҪԵÿп࣬ܵʹʹ
µģʹߴһͦϸͦСôעɫ磬ƿն˳ϱʱͽϺ󱳣ƤѣѪֱ
ǵϸСɫ磬ȴûɢһ㣬ط
磬ƺЩһ۾һ𣬱ִ磬ǵɫ׷ȥ
衪ž
ֱɫһ£ȳϡߡ׷ٶȥɫܵ˸Զٶȱϵġߡ
Ȼó𾪵ģɫٶȣɫһۼŴģֵ߰磬ǣɫһЩִ磬ܵһߡ
Ļ棬óϾãϸСɫƺȴִĵȼߣ׼ϵһ
ϲͣ
ʱɫȻͣϿɫ磬һָΪĸоȻ磬ƺҲڿҡ
ԣ
ɽϣׯܱ¹ʱǳǡֵ磬ʱ򣬸оһףҲǼԣ֮ϵϵĻ˵ʲô˵磬ǡ
뵽ϲȥκˣȴҲ֮ȥѹо֮˵Ҫģ硣
ϲȥ׷ɫ磬ȥֻ֣ץȥ
ǣһأץˡ
ۿҪץסǵִ磬Ǵִ磬ˡ

ϲаٳɽȻץգЩ磬ԶԶġ
żȻ
ʮ֮󣬳һνĿɫϣϸоɫһĨ⣬ĪĲɣ
ϳɫ磬ͬʱץ;Ĵִ磬ȻԤϣץסˣȻʹѪ٣ɫֿʼƶ
죬硭
ڲ֮£֮⣿
ɫɻ󣬳Ȼõ֤ʵǣ
һеһУֻǲ²⣬ûʵݡ
Ϊ磬òȥ׷ɫ磬ɫ
֮ϣЩΪߣٿһص磬ô͸һ˿죿֣Ϸĸоⲻɣ
磬ʱ侹ôãѵһ
·ֻһ

벻Ǳҵ֮Уһˣ磻Ǹ벻Ǹ˻׷һɫ磬׽ԲءϷơ
˵ڵϷ
ɫϷųϡ
оܹ֣ȴֺʵŭȴûбȻšϷУ׼һ
ʱˣ磬Ȼϡ
ԭʱʱ䣬Ͳཫ鴦ˣڣ磻ʱϵܹ֮ɵ磬쵽״̬
벻Ժȴһ뵽ʱĻ棬ҵ岻־Ĵܹ磬ӦҲܰɡ
ţϾ͸ʵˣץסһ磬Ҫ壡
ʱһŭʧ
ǵɫ磬Ҳʧȴǲ磬ʧʧȥ
Ͼоɫƺʹȥв֮⡣
龪϶ȴһ±ȥǰ׼һкߣûôף


842 һһ
Ϸ˽һ쭺޴ڿգǵƿʧȥɫ硭
УΪɱǹ
ϱҲ磬Ǿղŵ飬Щɫη壬绵£ʹա
һơ
ɫסϵĸоǣɫ翴һ£ǻҪϷһصļʽΪȥɫ磬ȻͣɳʩչУƺ϶ϵУκβ
޴нɫסоͱСޱȣһڴɫװסϵĿһ
شɫϣо˿˿֮顣
ɫ类ס£屼ϼ״û˿⣬Ͼ磬̫ڹˣңĹͺˡ
ϣоۿоһѷ̶֣𣻳˫һϬſڣֱ³ھѪ
Ѫһʱеȱڶסø죬ҲԾնȥҪץ֣ҲоɫĻңȴǲȥĥ׼Ƚɫ£о
ڳнӴһǣһԤ׵
ʱ𵴣ҪҲϳ岻ȥͣڵץе֣֮УҲľö˷ֺ
ǸܹԲǿ߶նɱУȻĲһ㣬ˣˣϡãӰ٣Ҳ˿ۼ
ͬʱһóѪ۾ӶȵȣѪѣϸȾޱȣ
ǿÿƷҲǷֱ޴ʯ㣬ѿϵѪⲢûȫܣһź˿״̬ڣ
ǾǬתתŸ⺷ĵˮں϶ɵĵ飬ҲǺ޵ֿҪɢ
£ȫûһ㷴֮оԼ϶ҪС
ӰϽ
ӣת˰Ԫʯ㣬ȥڵ״ôߵĵطˤȥûɣź˿һ˿϶ˤþϣ
ǳϵԪ·ҲʧʮתܶԳϵӽ޲
ƣֻҪϼϢʱ䣬Ͼͳ׵׵ˡ
ڴʱǷŴ󵽼µͫɫ綶һ£ƺЩţһСأ׶ɫ磬ϵײ
˲塣
һĻȻȴûκ뷨ա
˿˿ɫһ壬굽˳ϵĵ֮Уɢĵ飬ںһֱ֮ǰܵķʽںһ
Щ磬ΧڵΧɫһ㡣
ۣ
켴Ҳ½һڵԪƵʮתڲϢ˷ȥԱӸػָ
˿̣һס
Ԫָ֮󣬳Ҳͣһ״̧ͷȥȴûҵɫһ˿ټеֻƶ䣬ƺƲ񷣬·ɫûгֹ
˵ϸղžһУֻΡ
ΣʵĴڣϵѪ֤ݣﴦڱ״̬磬֤ݣ΢Сµһɫ磬֤ݣ
վһĳϣĿûһ㾪ţһŭˣɱһֻɱ̫ǿ̫ǿǿ˲أģǡ
УޱȣղһУ۸֪
ٵͷȥϸֻ̾һףҿǵԵɫ磬ǣΪʲôҡȫ벻ףȴظо֮壬ǿԪܣҲǴӡ
Ķ֮£ӳһȭչֳǾȻֻоʮЧȫͬն
ȥȴ󲻽ûõ˲ٵĺô
⣬϶֪ǸǻǸϲ
ϴûֱظоĽ٣ԺȫɫһĻһĻţҲ˽ţʥŶȥ
˴Լаʱӣһ紵ʱɳϣЩɳƮڳϡ
ɾһ̣˼ղеĳϣһ˫ͻرɱ⣬ȵʲôˣҹ
ûӦֻǳɳø͸ӿ
Ҳûȥɢɳɳɳӱ𣬡Ͳٳˣ


843 ƣʱ
ųǾ仰£еʱصЦ벻оͦģֻϧûã˶ƣĽֻ֣ʣ·һˣҳʲôϵأ
ƣЩҳ𣿡
һЦ֣ȴûнǽᡰҳ𿪣һ֣ʱ춾ƣԱ֮ǰʮٶȾ£һ
øСӣΪʮ󶾳֮һһֻƾܶһͷŽ׵ħޣ㽫ôĶƾۼһǶԣ۶סο㣡
Ǵ˷
ЩأޱһƬǵصĶȺѾһСţƷɢʱ򣬾ͺһҳ㣬֮гɳˣж˻ȥЩɳأ
һ˶ԲǷʤ
ǳԼҲڶ֮ʱŻع켴ȳ
Щɳ£һʱȴɢĺڹ⣡
𣬡ЦЩƶһģôжأ
𣿡
һʣһźڹֱϮϷĳأڹٶ֮죬˲ûض룬ţһӰӵص±֣ұҲһڣȻ˶ƵĶ
ңڹ⻹λܡ
ҲǸˣһһӣв֪ǱһѶ̵ֻһ㽫ֻҸ츬ȫ켴ӵ̵жһɫƿͷһ̾óһЩĩֹס˿쭵Ѫ
һϵж֮˲һԼĴɱĿ꣬ÿСӿһ飬־Ҫת䣬ͣ¶ҧгݵʵô֪ڵص£ôûж
㻹ûһΪʧߵľ򣡡ϵ˵һâ£˸оâ̺Īܣʹȫ㣬գۼӳ׿⡣
ո䶨ûɵһâӰζκηӦâն£۱ն䣬ѪȪӿ
˫־޵ѾóǷĩֹѪп־֣һ̧ͷֿĿǰһʵΪʲôɱң
ɱ˺ܶ࣬Ȱң޾׷ɱ
˻û˵꣬͹˲ҽȴȣȻն䣻ֻʣһȵڲٿͬʱҲǰĿ곬ǵ֯ĹƣȫܹĨȥ
ᱻв֣޾׷ɱģϵ˵ţҲţĿɱȴûɱ˵ҶЩô
뵽⣬һϣŵ̬ʵҪʲô
һ
Ҹ㣬ͻһ·
ѡ
Գϵǿƣ룬ش¥
¥ʲô
һɱ֯
۾ʵ˭ίɱҵģ
Ҳֻ֪ܽ񣡡˵ԽԽûеҲûΪɱ֯ɱ֣ôί˵Ϣȷ֪
ǣ˵Ȼˣ֯仰Ƿ¥ʱ䣬ί˵Դ͵ҵǰ
¥ɱ֣ѾЩɵˣĴɱУû飬ȴѾһҹ
˱ߵȫͷɢܣԪҲǲȣʱĶըһ仰סֻʱ䣬ûҾǷ¥
ۡ
˿һѪ۾ֳȫǲ˼Ŀ⣬ȴţǿɱ֯Ļױȥƾô𣿡
¥ɱ£Գ˵һСѣ˭ɱɱûѾʱȥ룬ֻǵһ䣬죬жɱң
󣬳ֽעɫϣһأĲǾԵɫԺδΪʲôľٶһô¶
ģٶȣ
£ǰٶ𣿡Ժвͣһǧĳͼһʲô
ͬʱʥΪ֮Զ
֮һʥţһӣ˵ڴɵλڻʼ֮£ʥűϾһɣʥڴеְҲ٣λҲǷͬһ㡣
ҲΪˣ֮ǰı磬ûЩμʥŵˣаһǶűŶӣָܸĲԡ
̨ǰһ˵ʦ֣ĵӣʱǻǲ˲١
ҵʦֱӴġԺе˵£һ˵Ľ


844 Ϊճʮ
𣬽ʮһΪȴн
ΪȷʵһöҲ԰ʱȻȥǰһ£һ覴ã͸ˡ
ǰЩͨԣΪʥŵӵǣϵҡͷ˵ţУУСţЩ˺ұֱǲˣʮ꣬ѾǸ߽ʿʮǸ߽ʦˣǰЩˣʵǲ̫Զˡ
ţԺвɸһӰӰǳϣֳһ棬ϴ򲻵ƴҲҪվľսɱĻ棻ǳһδαùڵϣѪѵĻ档
ãˣҶҪһȭһȭҲֱΪֹţ̧ͷǰı˵У̫ˡ
ǰһ²Ųʮ꣬㣬һᣬһܹصģǰˡ˻˵ϣԱߣһ˫ѷ׵ߣȴĸס
ǰҶһɣҶӺŬģѾǸ߽ʿˡ˰ѣֳĶСʥŸյĵӣҲĿ⿴ߣлһáʻŮӡ
оЩĿ⣬رʻŮӵĿһ˿ͬ飻˽СǰеȷʵȽˬˬ˵ã͸һᣡ
ллǰллǰӿͷлѣʵʲô֣
ճ𡣡
𣿡
ţ飬仯Ҫȥԣȴͻغȵվס
ǰʲôԸ
㣬̭ˡ˵гǸˣȴûзӦùȻ磬סٴȵ˵Ѿ̭ˣû𣿡
ǰڻعæʵǰһûоأôͱ̭ˣ
òԣ˵㱻̭ͱ̭ˡ
ƾʲôȫʥյӵʲôʸȥԣһ԰ǰǲŪˡ
죡סףֶԳ˵ǰ̤һͱ飬ôʥߣ
⻰𼱵˫۷죬ȭͷýȥݺҰȭѾˣæסȰӣŭʥŲҪˣɣܻʺĵط߰ɡ
Ҳ֪Ҫһ嶯ȥҲ˼ңᱻ˼ҸɱĸףҲҪۣʹҧʵΪʲôΪʲô
Ϊճ𣬲ңֻڳĺ棡㻻գٻ֣˵аϣ˵ܸᣡЦ˵Цݷǳ⣬ǳš
ճôˣƾʲôҽг𣬾ͲҲμӲԣհףаϣøڣ裬ôܴӦǷˣȫ֪Ϊʲô
ָһ㲻ߣаϣ͹ɣ˻ҪأѾͬôˣǲг˽ʥţǷӳȥҲ£ʦأ
û뿪һ˫۾ȫŭ
ٲͱҲˡ˵ţѾһȭȥһȭǡȭֻƣǰ˺ܶࣻȭͷҫĻ棬Ҳǻɫɫ
飡
һȭʮ׿⣬ѪֹĸæܹȥʥӿĿ⣬ֱˣ˾벻ʦѾ˼𣬲ľʦ֮ڶţ
˷׷׵ͷ͡
ȻЩһߣڶţҳҪԽľڽ£Ƕ֪Ҳţʥŵһţ
ʱѾվ˸׵Ȱ裬Ű˳𲻱Ǿӣ
һ޿ֵӡ
ӱʮ겻ţһ죬һݺݽڽ£ҧһѪ˵ųԺָ˳ϵòճģֻϧѾˣ㣬ҲԶˣһȭ㻹ʮꣿ
ȴ˵˵ʮ꣬Ǹһ꣬ҲֻǱҴùѪķݣͺһ
˲֪еġ˭Ҫ߶ȥһȴҪ𣬺ʮꣿھͿԣ


845 ڣ
Ҫ𣬺ʮꣿھͿԣ
һԣͬƽһըڳˣھ֮С
ڳˣСһͨԣΪʥŵӣ˵ɱȨʣһˣʥŵӣǿǶ԰ĽýҰΪ֮УҲġ
һԣڵڴĶ⣡
أŭֱˣñȵ˭վһӣ㿴ǸУޱȵס
ϴȺ֮Уһһ߳ÿһģɾҵһ£ϵ˵Ҳճһ֣
ϣ
һ켴ȵ㲻ôţܣѾ˵ģ㲻ܻšţԺһθЩ棬ЩľĻ档
ǰԼڣ㻹ûôأЦţʵûǲǺʧһţˣ
һ˵ˡһѷصӣ˰ķֱӴ̵ʹһ֮ͻ뵽ԼΪٶۿȥ뿴ʲôΪɳʩչˡϢͿʲôΪ
Դˣûκ뷨ΪǰҲǿһΪأΪϻǰĳϡ
ǺлûˣҲˣֻЦ˵£ʲôµģûѾн㣬Ǹûõķ
ûᣬתͷų˵ݺݵһ𣿡
룡𲻹˸׵Ȱ裬ɴ˵˳˵󣬻Ը˵ǸʱѾˣǸ£Ҳôȥǵĳȣĸһ̾ϢȴǶ˶ӡ
ϼʵ뽫ڵϣԱղ֮𣿡
룡

һߣû˦кǲˬ˵㲻ҲμӲԣ뵱ʥŵĵӰɣ
ȳϻش𣬰˵뵱ʥŵӣǿǴлŶֻҪգճֻҪңҾ͸ᣬΪʥŵӣ
Ц·йǰǹԹҰҰٿϼͷĻ˵С
ʥŵӶǵİʦ֣ôһӱ˼ϵ˵׼һ·ϧԼȴ·ˡ
һ·ƾ𣿡
ЦѣԳ˵ȥɣͲ
һҲɵسȥΪղڻشϵʱϸղűʹȫʧˡ
֮£ȻǽΪˣһȣհ׵ģҪ㸶ۣ
û𣬻Գ˵ȻԼҪҾͳȫ㣡Ҹ㣬ǰûˣûܹ㣬㸸ҲУΪ㸸Ҳֻ
˵֮󣬰Ŷų˵Цһֻϣڱǰţȥɣһʩչȭ
һصġȭƸʮɫļһ˶ȭͷֱţļƻǣһȭ򴩳֮ٴųʬ壬ŽϵŴ򴩡
ԽԽѾо˼ʹҪճɻңвЩǣɿŵİ𣬳ܲ˵ƴһƴҲȭͷȥȭͷϣðĻ棬΢ޱȡ
һĻΧˣɺЦĸȴ׼ȥһȴȫӣ˵ˣд󾪣ֱģԱгϵйϵϵĿ⣬˾ηͬʱҲ
ȥɣ
ȣȭײ켴һӰɣڵأ顱һ
׼ЦˣɫסȻ󣬲˼ؾԭҷɵһǳ𣬶ǵʦ֣
찡ʦֱˣôܣ
ⲻİɣ
ҵ۾𣿡

󣬳ҲڵֻоղϺشһˬһɾ޴ＤȻ֮ǰеǰˣͷ˳ȥ
֮ǿϲ
ֻȭͷȥ
ҳһİ˻һ㣬ڵϣﲻͣţܣôᱻһֻССϴ򵹣ҿ˼ҡ
ţڣ𣿡


846 ݺݵش
ڣ𣿡
仰һǵͨ죬ʵ벻ͨ͸һʿϣȻһȭѪˣղһȭ˶ˣ֪ȴ˼ҴǱޱȣţܣ㲻ܴҵģҪɱ㡭
˺𣬰վȥһ¿ɲǡȭĿǰܼ似ͻȭ
𡪡
лһֻλ棬Ӱȭͷϻȥ𿴵ͻܵһɲ벽Ӿ͸ƷȥָҲǺ£ȭצ
Χˣرʥŵĵӣǳʩչġͻȭھ̾ţ벻ʦ־Ȼͻȭ
ᣬǸСӿ϶ˡ

Ϊͻȭ̾ѵʱ򣬳Ѿͷͻײһ𣬡ͻոûٳɻҽǡͻ֮ڣҲδԴ
ǣǳצָһץסˡͻľţųأ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ͷɰʩչɫͻ˳ˤڵϣˤ˸顭
ڡͻˤһɲǣӲȥͷ죬ͣѪɫһӾͻҰף·𳶳ȥĲͻаԪһ㣡
˻棬𾪣ǿľһѤãһֻĽ磻öǣȴһԲ˫ۣ͡
ΪͷͻɰԪټתʽγɵģʧȥԡͻĿƣ˵ǡͻ͸ɢŶԣǣǡͻȴƻģˤȥ
ʱ򣬰ﻹô¶
ģǰʿСӣǸϣĿеǸǰ־죬ֿ־壬ٴϮͷӿ
ѪţֻһôЩܵģһŶԣʧȥǡ
ȴǵ³֣죡
һ䣬ȥӰΣ˰ǰ˵ƴ£˲ҿʮ£ǱñѪɣ䡭
һҲͷչ
ʥŵţԼҲԾ԰нΪȴһʿ򣬰ɨأţʥŵĵӣҴңʥžĹ㣬࣬Ͻȥţȥʦ
ǸСࡱʥŵӣȺӦϽһɽȥҲ赲ֶ˺ǸϽסҪǳ£ҲѲ˹ϵ
ʥŵӣһ죬رǡʻŮӣŭΪһȫǰҵģǰ֮ǰǰͱˣҪɱ˼ңᷢǰһУǣΪͬţͬʥŵӣҪȷ˵ȥټϣʥյӵĴӣǰ´õĻʥŵǿǴ
ԣˣˡ
ʻŮ˵ȥǸ𣬽Ǹ¾ˡһ˾ͱų϶ȥѾ߷ڵأǳѾкŰš˫ȵȵȡ
ϼ˳˹˵鱾޹أҪһ˻ˮԸ
ķϻ˻򲻹һ
һԼ˶ֿ࣬ϵΪ֮ʥẉ̂ĵ㣬ǳ˵˵꣬ͱһ̯Ѫ
켴˵һ֡
ʣ˱סˣǸûпôֵģǸʦ־³Ҳ֪гϵˣܶԸģ˳ǰ
Ҳȥ˵鷳Ǳߣţ۸ң㲻ǺҸգĸС
Ԫޣ޻ֻ֮ɱŭĳߴڴʦĵֻҪʦˣҸղܵˣҪǧٱĻ㣬Ҫķ
ʱһӰƮĳһӰ޻㣬˺󺰵ľʦ֣Ҫʥŵĳӣɱǣάʥŵҫ
е㱾£ûлľȥ˵ʥţʥ֮ѹľľ￴ʦܣ۾һ˿ˬ˼᲻ף׹ףʥ֮£ľȴòȵ˭ʥŵɽǰҰ
˵ţľתӣ˳ϡ
Ǽ䣬ʯ


847 ȫ壿
ľ￴ϵһ˲䣬ڱһĻһĻԺޱȣľ뵽Լļ֮ǰްã뵽Լġ㡱᣻뵽Լǰɪɪ뵽˵֡ƣ
֮⣬뵽Ժһӡ
ǵܹһ֮ӡ
ӡľ뾡ǧ򷨣ȴǲҲҶԼʦ˵ֻòʣʦĻشǣؼַֻѣһˣһǽԼΪһܸߺܸߵľ磬ʱӡȻûˣħѪһΪ͵ʱҪܵӰ죻Ϊ㹻ߵʱ򣬾ͿܵǸӰ졣
ڣΪûдﵽܸߺܸߵľ磬ǵӡٹ̵Ժ
ӡˣǰ
ľû£ϼ棻ԣסˡ
ʥŵӺͰһΪϸͲľĶ֣ﻹţ¿ô죿
ȻǶ֪ľӿΣžκˣ
㡭ľʧȴһҪ¶ˣڻ㱩¶
С߬ڱľﵱȻҪУңĽҲҪģڱ±˵һţʥſɾ֮ˡ
£ʥ£ǺôӡľѹסеĿֻţȻ˵ͬʦֵܿߡ
ְɡ
ϵ˵ľԹն£һ䣬ʱ˵Ѫ
һаܵУɾ䡣
ɵ۶Դǡˡһը쿪ȻǿֵزôܣǷǰôزȻֽľʦִˡ
оԼУʲôڱ
ºùңգһսľﲻȥֻŸϽ뿪˵أ뿪Ǹˣ˵꣬ľ̤նȥ
̤ڿУľĶҡľĸҲӣ˵ͷ߷ȥ
ӣʥŵٲȥƳϣյӣľﱻһдѪʱ֮䣬һ
㾭˵Ƿ죬ͷΪ㾭һ£ʲôзϻ£һȭֱĵﴦȥ
⻰ޱȾˣҪҲҪ
ǡʱдһըȣ˭ҶͽܰëϷȫ壡ըȣųģ
ҪԵжԵ
ʦѾнΪǿʦǰȻֻһٴοϲԺѾųϵı³ǸѾɵˣȫ֪ʲôһӰ͵ڵϣһǰʦκ
ȫ壿϶κҵҪôȫ壡˵֪꣬νĳֻȭͷ£κŭȻ˲Ļջһȭӡȭӡ֮ƣƺƵȴҪļʽΧɳʯѾڱۡɻҽֵˣоǹȶȣһˡ
ֻϧƺȭӡʮʱҲ÷ֺ
κдΪ𾪣ټӵʱǸȭӡȴͻر˿ͬʱһȭ£ĵﱻ٣һҽУ
һȭǻ˰ĵڵľҲƱѵиת˲ͽľеϡãѪѣ˫Ǿ֮ɫҲҪҲҪ
ȴоԼͻȻһůȫ֮ůʧǹҲʧûǹ֧֣һ̱ڵأǣȴоԼ֮ǰƺ˲ͬ
˵κİӣǰ˸˵ȵأκޱȷŭˣһɳֱӿͷȥɱ¾𣬶ɱ˳ϣΪ֪ϲף
޵ն
κУƾնһѾ޴ĺɫ𵶣ֱնȥҪϸնǧٿ飬ֻһȭһȭӡֱǰ޵
ȭӡϿκǰȥȭӡ޼
ǣȭӡײ޵ɲǣ𣬵٣ȭӡȴڡ
С
κаһˣͷȭӡ֮ϣʱκѪˣײʮľײɽϡ
ΪֹȭӡȻûʧ
ԣκӱɽꡭ
¡ϡ
˼ˣˡ׼ˣһ𣺡ǰһȡ
ͬʱʥ£ʥŵӣߵˣ


848 ɱ֮
һɱըоŸӰϰΧŸ˵ΪһԲʾ磬߽ʣнʡ
Զ˻һ˵ΪǺˣǳۣһ˵ΪЩ˵ͲôˣǸ߽ˡ
ɳϿ߽۾ȴһݣΪ߽ʶڳӰУ߽޷ᣬǹҵҪı֮һ
޷ʥţΪ£Զ
һʥţˡţȴû޷ˣǶų˵ʲô£
ĳȻףٵʮ꣬ھܹĳϣǶôĴڣңղǸհ׵ʦǱһȭɽ֮С
ڣѾעɲʥŵĵӣΪǿߣǰˣõѡǣԳ˵ǰΪͽԸ̺ʦ
Ͽų𣬵˵ҲΪͽġ
Ϊʲô
ϥ̫ˣ᲻ǹܹģʵϥԸ¹ûʲôˣ룬㻹۵㸸һ¹Ҳϲġ
ҡ
УӦ̺ģʲôʦĸףһԼ׶ǵˣ̸ֺȥźԸ⣬ҲԸ
ǰ
ǲˣĸΪ˶ӣ׼Ȱ˵
ֹǶ˵ˣղҲǰ㱨𣬶ΪԼ𣬽һãҲõ˲ٺôԼӦúס˵꣬ϿžɥĳֵˣΪѪжмѪٸһǺðʦҲһΪΪһǿߣڻ£
˵ţȡһƷ׵˳ǰаٸнȻϲûΪͽﲻҪûԹޣֻĸмǳϣҪհ׵ı𣬼һܵ飻˵ڳϻһ
Ȼڵ˵ţǰ£ģ˵꣬ͷպϵһ뿪ˡ
Χˣ۾ﶼ˶ʼĿ⣻ģ̰ŵȳԶˣͽ
ϽΧ˵ķӦ֮۵ף˵˭˭ҶԳӶ֣ұɱ֮ģǺǣ
һ׳ڱתֽšǰл
һЩԳͼˣϽ뷨𣬿Цǰɱǣǽʥŵǿ߶һȭɽ棬οǣ
ȻΧųϵľ֮һȵʥǰţ˵׼ϷƫҪһôұɱ֮
˺ţһ۽⣬ѸȻչػΪִ̳Ӻ󱳣ޱ飬ҽľ浱Է磬ҪصˣȻ顣
һն£նñѣľûϵ׾پͿǵİΧȦĹƣﻹںţ󵨿ͽҶϷɱ֣ϷҪȡ
ʺţ֮ԣǺڰ۵ʣˣҲҪһ֣ϸ£ĺû£ԶϵӰѾʧɢȥҲ鲻ǵӰȥ˺δ
֮䣬ӰǰӰֵģһѽķӦ൱ݣҪܿһŷ֣
ΪĲɱ𣿡
Ż£ֻĵһŻڵض۾ɵûԲ۾ǲ˼нʶʱΪޣû°붡ĺۼ
찡
ɱˣ
ʥŵǿߣ

Ѿ˵ԶԶЩˣһĻ𾪾ףͬʱҲԳֵһ˼
ʣʴŭԶɫֻ࣬Ǹ޷ᣬʹϧ֮飬ȴֿ죬޷ᵱȻʶϣ֪ǳţɱɣɱһ㣬ʥɱɻⲻŸ桭
ɱʦܡһ߽˫Ѫضųϣϵ˵˵ˣ˭֣ұɱ֮˵϶߽ʣţҲԣ
̫ˣϷҪɱ㣬Ϊʦܱ𣡡˺ŵʱѾʽһһнʷȥɱӡ
ʣʣԳϽΧɱ
ԶԴ׼ʱ֡


849 һԻ
ϿɱڵļʣʵȷҪ֣
֣ҪˣˣʥˣɱʥŵˣǳʮԴҲǿ
һ˽źûϵȻֻһԴļˡˡˣԴʮţ
ʦ˵ģȫ塣
Ϊʲôϲȫأɱһ㣬ЩȴȻȵǾϲ
ȻִҪѰҾͣһɱϬʥŵѾɱ乥൱ңҼҪһϲ˵׼óɢϵע
ɱϵʣóʮʹɱʽɱӵнʣҲɱӿûаֵļʽ
оɱд󾪣ȴǺ˵أҲû룬㵲ĸǰﺰߣߡ
ӣסߡ
Уߣ˵ţһƿ
籩ĵĳϣȫûԼھһ֮صľ򣬻ԳΪ͵ص˵ͷ켴ָнһ㣡
һߣֱȥ
˲谭ش͸ĵнѾʩչ˰ٷ֮ʮĴɱУһĪɽ壬ͻʧˡ
ȻӴӿ£ڵϣˤþһֻ
ͬʱָ˵ȥȫнʶһǲд󣬱նϵɱУȫתȥֵߡ
ǣ㽫ϸնɱߣ׾ֵܵסģ
˼״ͬʱȳ˲䱬ԼеΪҲᵽʮ֣ǽӷֱ£ӿǧˣ˲УϾ룬ϷǱ⣬ʯ¡
ЩʱĸߣѾǴУǵķӴ˸ԴԹٶ̫̫񣬴ѪƼһ䵽ϣըһ󶴡
˵ĸߴĵطλãȴҲˣ˵ˣȻڽάǻӽ⣬Ҫɱ档
ۣҲ̤У˫ּתһ˲֮켴ֱѹԽԽСͷųܣȴԽԽֲ
ϲٵֻ֣ηĻ𣬱û״ɳһץȴץסʵһ㣬ץѻС
һֿǺƴоȻ˺һ㱡ɴ㣬Ѿ˺ˣ
б˺ͬʱʩչеʣؿⴸѪ˷ȥɫ԰ޱȣоױȡ
˺УԪ۳
ʹһֱµĽ⣬һ򱻳ۣ
ʱһƬ⣬ˮһתŵĻٵ÷ⲻҲûаƣϷȥ
ʩչĴԲǿߣԾ֣Ϊ˵ĻܽĽٳģڵʵȴǣȥ
ѵϣ涯ֽţ
ǳۣϽŭȵСҲϷǰţϷɡ
˵ţ۽ȭͷĻϣһڻϡ
飡
ֱõñѣó˻ǵ㡣
۾۽Ƕ˺ѳѪţϷþŷʩչĻԪڣɽܺ˲УǸֽɢĻǣȫ˹
ٴα󣬹ѳʵʻ
ţŸ۵ͷϴȥȻңҪһԣϧ۵ٶȣһǰ
֮һŭһȦâȫ֣һʥն
䡭
žһУ۱ըһˣϵķȦը޹⣬ǳסʥĸ첲Ҳը㡣
֣ǻ棬ΪʲôϷо̺ž޴Ԫڱѣ϶Īϵ
۲²ⲻ˺ǸУѾɽĲ䣬ҲǡԻ
϶޷ᣬһ֣
ϲѵ޷ᣬһʱ۵ӣǰѪѪǡòõؽ޷ϡ
޷Ѫ
۴ŭ͵վóһ޴ų˵ҳϣǣȻӲһ
ŭ£޴ĳһֻӴħޡ
һˡ
Цˡ


850 վסתſ죡
ʥžŴıɱ֣֮ϽߣǵʩչһУ˸׵ףҾŸ˻ˡ
ͷųòײշޡ
Ӵһ޴л

ٲ㣬ն㣬綾𣿡ǸЦݣ޷ᣬҲѹеĿ־壬ϸֳЦݡ
ָųϣ˵ϣϷ
𣬱Ӵ޵֡
ӴųָķȥеӴޣȴͻؽһӲ˻ȥȻȥ
ôˣǰʲôиǻˣ֮ǰϴӿըٱΪĿƣ
Ȼ򣬱Ϊ𡱵ޣˡ
ܳôôôգֻˣۻˣΪ𡱲ĻӴʧ
˳۵ˡ𡱵ĺ棬Ҫơǰ
֪ҲˣӴޱݵһתųۣ³ͷҪӼǰ
ˣţԱߵ޷ɵˣ˻ûȥʣȴǴˣãȻ֪롣
ϣȴЦţȻȵվס
ۿɼأ𡱵һҵĶţʵʵͣˣӵĲȴûֹͣ
ת
ԥţִһ֮ޱȿٶȣתӣųϡ
ȥ𡱱ܵҪˣȴֲˣֻֻĹĵ۾ɵԽԽģ۾ŵĿ־壬ԽԽŨ
ǳе𾪣Ѳ˵ǡ𡱿ǷѾǧշģշ֮󣬡𡱶Ƿǳûڣ𡱾ȻĻʥŵĵÿ˵һ䣬𡱶
⵽ôˣʲô£۽Դƶ벻Ѿߵ𡱵ǰȡһֻƿ˵ſµҺ
𡱹Թſƿ³Һ
ҪĲ֣Ʒٴε˵𡱵ҪµƿҺµһߣƿĲ֡
С
۵𡱵Һʲôãշ֮ҪҺҲҪϺһ򣬲ңڸȷ¸ҺƷǾ
ռ𡱵ҺȻΪǿžյζϵǵ˺ۣĳŵϿûյҪҺǧϽܵҺ
ǰֻСޣǧϽܣ
ңʮɽ׷Ҫ̳ԳϵֻǧϽܣ뱳˿ڣõ֤ݡ
ʮɽϲֻ֪ǧϽΪʲôҪ׷ɺһϵе飬ˣǧϽǿѪ⣻˵Ѫ̺ŵ
ƿѾװһƿǧϽܵҺǧϽ̧ͷηؿųϣųϵһָʾϱƿ˵ȥ㣬û뵽Ȼ㣬ǻԵ

Űζ
ţһʥɽջ治һĴ󣡡ȴϽ˵𣿡
ǧϽܽлţǿͷͣµ㣬ԴЦǾ͸һѵҪǽǽѵˣҾ͸ָһ
䣬ǧϽתǳۣ¶ۡ޷˾񿴽ˮһǧϽܹԹϵ
ǧϽѾ³۱ϾǧϽܴôãϤǧϽܵĶӦʮֵѸ٣ץ޷ˣǧϽܱȥ
ϷץһΣץڶΣ۷ŭѣԳ۵˵֪˭𣿡
ʥŽҪ׷ɱĳˣ
Ϻ۵ŭƽ˵Ա߽޷ļһ֪ˣҽĳԽԽˣĴʥȴȫ壬ᵱ˻Ҹұ֤ȫվǰҲɱһˣ
۲ɵӣղǰһУŭˣԺˣʱʧǣôһ˵۶ʱع޷ᣬƾȵң˭
޷Ϣ֮£ֵţһĻȫûԤϵģٴαȳϻ˾޷Ҳܲס˵ǡҡ١


851 ģ

޷Ͱ˵Ǽ֣ʥŵУʧɫܷų֮ǰЩģ϶һССĳ
ֻһǾǽҵĳǿǿĳҡ
֮ǰ˵Щʲôɱ㣬ȫ塱ȵȣлڲ⼸˵ʣɫȫֳɫ
ͬʱҲңҸղûλǲȥ˳ȫ壬ǳʥš
ʥȻǴ֮һʵҲۺ񣻿ǣʥУûǿߣ
Ϊ˵˾ȴûȥİǳһ̣ؿܣôǳǰ׼ҴһǴ峤ĶӣǷš
ţ˵˵ţɵЦﻹѪͣ߶ţţǴ峤ĶӣǷ
״̬ȴǷˡ
ȻʱȫȻûȥע𣬳Ѿͣ׵ǰԷһ
ϵ˵ţڣܸ޷ʲôĿ˰ɣ
ǡ
ѵ㻹׸ô𣿡
һʣǿߣȴĶһһ£ץס޷һȻ޷ǧϽĶ
ǧϽܵĶԳϸãǶ޷˵ǾĴڣ޷֮УתԪ붾
ǣ۾һĨһѹ£޷ʱѹУǧϽԾȥſڣࡱһֱ޷̽˶
޷ǧϽܣȴûоʹ˴סΪųϵĻҪó⣬ԣǧϽܱűԭ˶ȥ
ûӣȲ˵ܲӵˣܣҲӣˣһεˣȡǿűܶ飬öΧ
˵бܶ飬ܶƷײ̫ߣȫεǧϽƴ³Ķеɫʼ̣кڡ
۲ʶ̩ɽԭ£аȫȻûϵһߵ壬ôӲ
㲻Ҫҳȫ𣿡
ˣ
ԥأоڶУ˿˳ǿߵϣֱ˵ϣˡһô죬ô̶
Զ֮ʿŶ֮еУĿɿڴ˼άҲһֹͣת
£ȳʣǴԲģǽֻнΪģһˡ
ʳϹˡ
Χ˿ˣɿ鿴ȴû˸ҷһǳ𿴵һĻȴһɳ嶯һҪΪǿߣ֮ͱƵ¹ĳ嶯
˵ǣǳҲеΪһ£켴Ͼ˹ⲻ¹򣬶ĳ¹Ϊʥ¹򣬱Ͼ֮ǰ˵֮ԣΧ˿ɶ˸
𷣣еԴصؿȥжͷˣҲǸϽˡؿ
ϲòУԭģʹĿ֮ȴԼһͬķϣҪ΢ùһ㣬ͻᱻ˵ǵˣͻΪϣǳңǷ֮ķ˵ȥҵӰ졣
ģ⣬СơӦͦʹģֻϧ˳ϣ˿ɣҪһ㣬Ҫûǿߵǻľͻ˵Ҹ壬棬ͻŵĵ
ˣô׾Ĺǣ
䲻ҪնɱȴҲҪǣҪʥųһѪ
ǣϵ˵ܶ˵֣˴ˣ㲻һˣǳҵǳδļ㿼Ҫȫһ㣬ҪΪһС£ֵòɿС
˵ⷬȻں˵Ǿ֪ѵȥ֤ɣƺǳ˳ĻвĸоȴԽԽŨܿ죬ĵģͱʵ
ֻóһǡ֮󣬻ת䣬˲ñŭҪҳȫ壬һСѪ𶼻ҪѪ𣡶ңܸ棬ҷǳʺϵʺϵԺļΪˣͲƢǳã׳嶯׷ŭڣҾǷŭˣΪʥȫ壬ʥɱ컢ڴ󽫾
ڴ󽫾


852 һ
ǰĸ֣ѾгϺôһȻ˵أͷ
ڣһڴ󽫾
ĺǳңڴ󽫾ĺ棬ȴ죡
˿̣Ӷˣⳡ˵İǺ޵˾ףҪǰô¹ʥô䵽˲ľأ
ǡʱϴɽ棬ȴûκڿҪɽ˳Ȼ˻δСӣҴϷϷʥŵĳϣϷ򣬾ǵʥţȫ御𣡡
Цˣɳ˽ÿɾĳһ趼̾ѣûǵġơϣκһ仰ȴѩ̿
Ȼ˵Ǿǻϼˡ
䣬κͳɽ壬ԾڿУ޵նո۳κͿ˹ڳߵˣС
ʱɫ䣬ȴôˣʦôСӹˣˣСӺճгϣϡճ
κһ뵽ĳֿܣϲǵ׼ҴǸϲ𣿶ĵǳҵĳӣκ뵽۳޵Ըɢˡ
ȴǶ˵ȫ御𰡣ʥźô簡
κѲʥŵĳϣʥŵͽɣ
ŭòŭδһץһֱκڵϣлԪȼգκһҽжûü㱻ճ˻ҽ
κѾˡеһƬҡ
Ц˺ð˾һ˰ˣ޶֤ˡ

ʥŵ𣿡
һ̾Ϣĵ飬ȻˣѾ赲˵ǰųͻڴ󽫾֣ԼʵҲɲ⣬ҡҡͷ
㲻ܣȥһҵʱܽţҵĺޣӣʥܹĻûгǰʥţ׼ҵŭɣ
ϵһ䣬б˺ʣʥĳ֮ȥһ£˵ʦ֣ɽ⣬˵ֻӵʱ䡭
תɫȻ֪һУԹʵʦܣ˵޷˵ϢǼ٣
п棬пǼ٣ǣǼ٣淢ŭԸʥţʥҲǳܲġȰ˵
ǰ֣мֻ᣿ȻǲϵͷлСžţȴǾ죬ʦ֣òҪʥŵǧҵͽһ
ǡ
һһʱ޷˵没ΣڵϦǵȾʣٱؽ֮ǣңǻڴ󽫾Ǹ޷ᣬȻϢҪǳԻڴ󽫾֣ֻʥŵ鷳⣡
еһȰ˵ðɣȥСӣٿҵľƣ˵Ҫ˼죬һҪȫ壡
ʦ֣⣬һˣҲĶ֣ҸоܹһоɱңǸ棬µ˵
һ˵ģ
ȻҺܲԸϣҸооųɿΪ棡еⷬʦֽ䱸ע⣬һ˿ζ
Ȼ۾âôһĻһҪնݳĶ󣡡
ԣ͵һҪ˵ʲôȴѾ̤նȥ
պʱڳϵǰȻе뷨ԵޱȵعɳϻǴһЩߣɱ
һˣ濴ɱϧ϶ɱһУ
ʥţĲٴˡţ˿ûнʥ֮һŷϣһڶҼɱȥοʥš
ʥĲԣԸ⸶ۣԭ¡˵϶һ˵ðԸ⸶ʲôĴۣ
һƷԪʯ
ڴ򷢽л𣿡ֱһ㣬ȷһƷԪʯˣڳ֮ǰȥһǧƷԪʯЩ١
ƷԪʯҧҧٴ˵
ҳһֵƷԪʯ


853 һʵ
ƷԪʯ
һѪۣʥ˵۽Ϻ񣬵ƷԪʯҲһСĿƷԪʯȥӣ֪Ͷǿ߳˵׼Щǿ棬ͻһ˽ΪʱʥžҲʲôˣһ֮УռλΪһɡ
뵽⣬ľ͸ʹˣԳϵĺ޾ԽˣתǹɱҲ͸Ũˡ
ɫȴǵ˼֣ҡͷ̾ڴ󽫾Ҳֵ̫Ǯˡ
⻰ֱ뱩𣬺ݺݵһ٣ڻй˼ɣң϶ӵĿƿ˵Ҫ⣿
˰ƷԪʯЩϵݹһֽֽղдģҩĲϣȻٲڵдĶǷǳģЩҩ棬šٵ롰ħĳЩҩĲϣҲҪ˲ٵĺöȴΪؽ׼ģ
˰ƷԪʯѾѪѣٽӹһֽд֮üһӾͱˣ̫ˣ
̫ģң㣡һɨջĿ˵˵ʵڻȫǲüֵģ£ʥɽĲԣ㲻ʥų¶ͺúøǸøĴۣȻҲԲøЩֻۣҪѪˡ
ųϵĻ£һ߽ʣۺԤ׵ѿѪըһء
״۾ڱϷ𣿡
һʵ
˵꣬ϲᱩŭתߣһҪȫ壬͵ű˼׼Ͻ׼ôۣҵЩá
֣һƳϽȴǸűסˣСӺÿĿϷǡ
ǡ˰죬û˵ʵԵĻֻܿųߵǧϽܵǰǧϽ˺Իֺ飬˵ߣڿʼͽСϡ
ǧϽܱϿĵؽʲôҲֻԼˣóһڵݵСǰǧϽһ㶣һӽڵлˡ
⣬֪ԼȫʧȥǧϽֻˣ
ǧϽܸųˣţбܡСССϣ֪ʲôǿźڵڴֻڵҲ̫ĥˣˣûһ㷴Ӧ
߹ǰʱϿ۽Լλĳʵ򸮻һӵģԸȥ𣿡
һ㶣켴ַӦæԸ⣬Ըȥֻҵĵ
һȥɡҲǱ𣬳ϼȻƵ˼ϣ㲻Ӳţ֮ܣңյġ
ϴųˣ·;Уϸǽ󣬱һóԼȥһ·ϣ˸Ҵ⣬ϾһͷǧϽܻݣ˭ҳ֣˵ǧϽܵˣǿޱȵ⺷˭Ҫȥǣɡ
Ƭʱ󣬳Լľĵط
ľ͵Ҳʱľһѹʥŵ飬ľΪ˱Ȼ֪޲ԣ޲ľʥŵľӢӣ֪ģͦࡣ
ʥУʥ֣ʥŵɽ£ǲһص׻
ʥŵŵӣص׻ȥУΪԽߵģԽ£ΣգҲǼӱľｫ֪ģȫ˵˳
õԼҪϢ󣬳ϴӴָȡһű˵ǸĽúĺô
ľӵűԭΪ⣬ɴһдϲűдĶдãľͷһξõϵ£ǲȴӰգƮȻȥţʥŹȻҷ񣬰˰ϣǲҪ޴֮£ʥţ޵ص׻ûʥ𣬿ôʥţ
󣬳뵽һ˵ջ񣬲ЦʸǵһǧƷԪʯѾʥһ˴ۣ˵ж󣬾Ϳǻóҩˡ
Ȼַ׬ԪʯҪ̫ԪźҲǵǾ͸ˣˣ֮Ǹʲô¥ɱ֯۵ıӦòٰɣйңǺǺǡľԪ뵽ЩϵЦݣ鲻ԽͲˣΪ뵽ζڱǿصЩӡ
ǣʯӽֵĳͨһȺŭˣ
̫ˣ֮Ҫҷ¥ֱԲ
ûȫһֻ׸򣡡
Ϊǿ



854 ݺݵĽѵ
ʯӽֵӣǷ¥ܲڡ
Ǹɱ߸ϻȥ˵֮֯һ£ˡ
ʱڣ¥ܲ˳ϵĿ֮ʱ䣬ί˵Դ͵ǰ̤ƽ¥ܲ
¥һƿߣȻǷŭǳ
Ϊû˸Է¥ųݻ¥ʵҲǲף¥˵ʵԲΪˣۣнۣһ߽ۡ
Ը߽֮ȥһɱ֣ɱ֮ˣֻҪ̤𾳽ǿߣǴԲǿߣ¶мΣա
һʵȽۺ˵Ǿܰճ˵ȥȻȥɱίˣǾҪȽնɱˡ
ҪնɱϣǾͻһϰҪ棡
˵񣬹ȻˣһĿ񣬾Ȼҷ̤ƽ¥һߺܲΪȻ˵ѾϢȷʵԶˣǳҵĽأҲǻˣû˳棬ǳҾʲôǣ
˵õǲҪСһ㣬ǿ߼ǿҪˣҲϾҲҪźܶܶ˶ԳȤҪģҪҺʱ롣ɱ֯ԥûнǷ¥ĻᣬһǳɹĻ¥Ͳǵ
¥¥˵ڴ֮ǰҪλһݺݵĽѵ׸ץλǷ¥ߵ
ǵõϢλǷǳТ˳ףΪףϧ빫˺ƤΪһƷھ˵ķţֻҪץסףͲߵô͵ô
˵̫ˣ׿档һ˛oˮȴǺں˵ãʱڳҿҪʱ̣ὫһŮ𣿲ģѾеػǵ棻ңѵõϢҲѰ·£ҪץһŮˣ׾٣
ԣ˵ͷ¥¥Ϊ˴˴ľԳɹһݺݵĽѵҷ¥ͬʱɳʮ߽ʣ
ʮ߽ʣ϶һʧˡ
¥ĸ߲ÿ˶ΪԾٶȣʮ߽ʵУʮ߽ɱȥ򸮡
ʱ򣬳ѾǧϽܻصǷССԺУϰȻùʹΪһ࣬޵¥Ȼףϧɱ֯񣬲ȻﻹСӻŻûϵӵù˽٣ȴעӲһ٣
ûںЩˣһȥʥţջķᣬ£㱻⡣
ϴǧϽܣͺЩˣʮɽʱϵĺݣϵĲҪϵĲ¶µӡ̫̣űܵη壬ʥʱǧϽܲôϣ˳ϡ
ˣЩĲ鲻ԸģԼΪǳеĳǿսɵǧϽܵԺʱһֻӵʱɵסˡ
ǧϽޣʮޣǺޱǲÿɾԶˣСӻûȫ죻ѹһǧϽɪɪ
ͨǧϽܿСӣеĲԸʱʧӰ٣޶ˣοǣǧϽʵʵؿ
ЩԽԽǹ컯֮£Ҳ̽Ϣģһһﲻˡ
Щǰ䣬ûһͻƵ֮ǰ
Ҳ־£ӵżЧʵķ¥ʮ߽ɱ֣˳ڵԺ䣬ҪץѩȻʱأһ˵
ʮ߽ɱְΧסԺһ˲䣬ϱоˣֳЦֵģ˵׳ֵģ˷¥˭
Сӣ˸ͳԵˡ϶С˵˵ͳԵġȻʮ߽ɱֵڵԪˣС˳ϵĻ֨֨иͣһӰ˳ȥ
СϣغˣҪ˴Һף㲻áϵǧϽܵĶӴһ𣬶۳ɼĳ
ʱвҽȴǱСӻ˸СԪˡЩɱֵķֶҲ٣Сܹץ˵ķצ֮£ȫȻãСգۼͽ˵Ԫ˸˳
ʣµģȴǴ벻֮ǧϽܵĶѪⸯö
ʮɱ֣Ժ䶼ûнˣȫˣƬ֮󣬳˳ɱʬϵӣȷ֮˵Ҫ֮ˣ
ųӰ¥ܲںδ


855 ̤ƽ¥
¥ܲǴУ֪٣
Ȼ٣ȴҲ֪ġ
Ѫ֮һ
ʮ߽ɱ𣬵˷¥һʮѵƣʲô
ɱ֯ʧʮ߽ʣҲԪˣ߽ʣɲô׵ģ¥¥ɫޱѿ
ţϢʥ̫ϳ֮һУһбƵ¹򣻻ǰշǧϽܣ
Ϣ¥ĸ߲㣬ĬˣǸо˲
ǣʱ򣬷¥Ѿﻢ£ֶˣ¥¥˵һҪ򣬷¥Σӣ
ʵ¥֣ҲӦ
ܹɱɱ˶ĵ¥ɳʮ߽ɱף׷Ź
õ¥ܲڵ֮󣬳ϾóӰٶϢ̫֮ǰ¥ʧƬϣ
˵òڷƮҡУ˵һ̾ɢǣڳһδ֮ǰҵǲСӵġ
ԣһʱ֮󣬳ϹɱϷ¥Ϣʹ˾֪ˡ
ˡ
͵õϢϲˣǳ嶯ֵԽǿƣ˵϶Ŀ첻ˣȻҪͷҾͰһѣһȥٻأҲ̫
еĻʸǣЦ˼
УһʵΪʲô񣬹ıɲС
úÿŰɡ

¥ȻҲӵϢ¥ӵϢʱ򣬳ǣǧѣǧԱ˵ܱȽԶҪһ򣻵Գ˵Ͳڻ£
С̫ţֱҷ¥ֽ𣿡¥¥ŭ˼㣬ŭȶҲһˣ͸ʯӽ治֪
ô֪¥ܲģ
һҪó״󻰲˭˵ģ¥պûȱΪ¥صһʣ

¥߲֮ˣȫŭ죬ߵӣֱʯӽɱĳϿһʬ
ǧһǧٹһٹ
֪жڹעųϣʯӽֵͨգŷ˸ɸɾʯӽϣ˷¥⣬ûˡ
¥Сǽʮˡ
ƻ֣ɱۣ
¥һ£ʯӽֵգǰʯӽ֣Ǳֱһ֣ǳʡS״λɱвһԭͨͨʯӽ֣ߵᡭ
ڴʱˡ
վڽֿڣʩչߡȴһһ̤ȥ̤ʯӽϵÿһţ˵һһӡǸҳ
̤ʱһȣʯӽֵ䴦𣬡վסߺˣ챨
վѵģͷɱҲѧװ˲ɣϱ˴ֿڣŵĿʮļζ¥ɱ֣㱾𣿡
ճģ㡭Ȼû뵽˵һ£óȻҲسŵ㲻˵֮𣿡
ŵ죿ӻһɱֽŵȥί˵ԴǵӺܴɱ֣
ʱȥȡί˵Դ㲢û˵ܶļְ˾Ȼһ΢ЦȻ˵
˵õǲ䣬ЦȴԽãǰ̤ĽŲҲûͣ¹ӲسŵˣҪҧҲɣ
ߣճģһԺҲûŵĻˣʯӽ֣֣֮
𣿡
һ£ھŲ̤¡
ھŲǰ˲ȫͬǷƽ˾һ̤£Ʊɫʯӽֵʯ棬һӿˡ
оأ
̤֮պһ£
ԭ罫Ӵ֮£ЮŻ֮˹ʯӽʧᣬȫڵأ󲿷ֶסΪҽ
ʯӽֻ٣¥µɱУµģϵģģȫãɱֻֿţû뵽ϻ˷ʽƾ֣û뵽ϵʵǿ
ڸղ˵ˣڴش֮ʱоԾҪӣϧ˾סӣסһ˲䣬Ѫɵĳ
ɱ֣󲿷ֶûϮɱ
ˣһֱӿ¥ܲڵǰȻ󣬺һ¥ܲҷһƬɳ֮УʮһӰޱȷŭ𣬡ϣҷ¥ܲɱҷ¥ӣ㡭

֣ȴǳ˵ġ


856 ȭ֮
˵Ҫ̤ƽǷ¥϶ǰʮһˣ˵ʱ䣬һϰɣ
˵滰ȷʵڸʱ䣬ҪŻȥжħѵȡһ㣬ȭͬʱ򸮣൱֣
Ȼ¥ˣȴһΪ˵󻰣һԲǿߵȵճģȽһ˵Ż£ѾնŰٽâĵģתţϡ
̲űܣ˾ȵģЩâжģ
״ϲΪ⣬ȭϡ
Բʿд󣬾ȻȭͷЦ˵Ϸ⽣â֮ܶѪ⣬Ԫܻٷܻٵ˵һ˫ȭһ˫ȭͷֱֵҵҲô
Լľкģ·Ѿ˳ϵı³һ˲䣬ʾסˣϵȭͷж棬ЩâޣĵĹâҲʧ
ϵȭ˿Ҳޡ
û¶ԲǿɵˣͲ֪ϵ壬ѾǳԽƷĴڣǵΪݷĹʲô
һȭƵ֮ʣµʮҲ಻סˣΧɱɫâȾڿգǵضÿ˶Լѹȫɢ
ѹǰûеģ
ϷȥȭͷԲʵԴϻʱԽѣһѪӿѪ֮·Ѫȫһ
罦ѪѪѪԲʮ׶֣պùߵʮɱ֣оһ͸Уߡûʩչ似ֻһȭһȭҳ
ɱֵģٶȶܲϵġߡÿɲֹһ
顭
죬ʣµԲʣûкһӦȭѪŨ
ʣ¾ˣޱȡ
ǾˣϵĹȴˡ
׼һۣǳۿɱʵĻ棬ľսӲӣɭ𣬡Ҫɱ㣬ôӵõ
׳
Բ׿ҵһƾ֣ڳǰ
Ͽ棬ЦǰԲ˵ţһȭҽ˷׳ǳҪɵһû꣬ǻͻؾˡ
ȭͷˣ
һȭˮȭͷҲ𲻳ɣ۵Ժոոʣ׳ȭͷϡ
ʱ۵ӣһˣԪ봢ָڿա
ϴȭͷһ˵ȭͷȷ𣬵ǣȭͷﵽһ̶Ⱥʲô
ǿͷϵ죬ҲƣҲģ
ɨһʣµˣ˵һᣬʩչĹ
¥¥ΧһƬ棬Ѫأޱȵĺڣڲýӹҵ񣬺ûľ桭
ϧڵ̫ˡ
¥¥ѪϣҺƴˣ
£ˣأȫͷųǸԵ֮ԣ֮һԣһľԣһԡ
ϴ֮ģɱģ֮˳ͻظоǽԵĳԵĳ˲٣ľԵĳʱԵӡ
֮Ҳѭ˵ԭ֮Ҳǣ˵ҵġܳɡҲܳɳŶ԰
ţ㲻߶ʮһʲôԵĳֻȭͷһһ䱬ǣڣ׼ᣬҲĳ
йغ֮ԭ򣬳ϸټԼй۳ľ飬߽ʵΪȫ谭
ϲƴȥ򵥵ĵԣ֮
Ԫ緢ڳΧѹţŻԪ
¥¥˿м䣬ֱᵽûԱֱ֮ʮĵ⽣âкȥ
Ȼ򣬳ͻرһŹȦеĹȫ棬ικβùȦ㣬˰㲨
¥¥ǹȦֻ۾ȫ벻ģ
ϻר֮أϻԪֵһƬռ䣬ʼؼԪȫų⡭
ֻʣԽԽĻԪ
ʲô¥¥׹ȵ֮۳ҪԶҲ۲ϽԱ֮
ţҪԱۣЦˣ
켴Χڳߵ֮糱ˮһ㣬ƿȥ
ססʮס


857 ׳˱
¥ˣҪžжţڼΪ۲Ŵԣһ·ң˷¥ĬĬŵɱ֯飬ӣǿĺʲôһࡣ
ǣϷųʱ䲻նί˵Դ̤ƽ¥Ļ÷¥ŭȻǴɱʧܵĵϹɱ¥ܲǸȫ¥̬ȣʹ÷¥¥ŭɶ
һϵе𾪹ɱ
һУȲһ̣
۵ΧɱͷȻ죬η壬֮
֮Ǿ˵Ϊûдﵽ۾磻֮ǰûдﵽ۾磬ܾͶλԲǿߣһۣ
֮۾۳ģȻ򣬶Գ˵·ûаѶһˮˮǰɣ
𾪵ǣ۳֮һˣף֮ࣻǰ֮Ѿﵽʮ״С۲С
ңԵ֮š
¥¥ԱҪͬʱǵ֮ԱʱϵĻ֮һǣȻһﵽֲĶʮף
˲䣬˵֮ڣǱԼ
С
˵һԺţǸո۳֮ͫŵģתľ֣ΪԱ֮ˡ
ÿÿ֮ըȴǱϡ
ˣǵ֮ڳ֮£ɢš
׵Ƿ¥н۵Ļ֮ϵ֮ײһʱ㴫¡ıը֮ǰѤ似ɵĺ䶯֪ٱ
ըУ¥ֱ֮ˣ
нѪѣɫ԰ޱȣоڸղŵ֮ӲУԼһֻϣһŲһ
Ҳֲнۻ뷨ʵǳ̫ǿ֮ɾΪһľɣԲرǴĺͷܺˡ
Ļ֮нֵܵס
ȻкȻʣܿˣȻЩĻ֮ǺͺñһסԷĻ֮Ҷ÷ֺȻǵǽƤޣͣسɱֱ𣡡
ϿԼ۳֮Ժ︡ôһλ˵ˣǾͳ֮Ϊ׳ɣ
£¥¥״вã߶ķԲʮ״СĽ֮ƴȥͬʱ

ЦҡҡͷһָˣǣУ
вУ֪¥ţݶϽɱȥղű֮ˣҲƵģɽնɱȥ

֣˵ʱɫ䣬ʹӿϮѪѣǵɵɽֻ߳޵ȵȣȫ˽ȥɱĽɱ֮£̻Ȼϣ
ͬʱ¥¥Ľ֮ɱ˵𱾿˽㻹л𣿡
ۡ
¥¥һѪҧгݵغݵĻ𣬿˵𣿡
һЦ׳£һƬռûһ˿һԪеֻĽĻ𣬽ն𣬻򽣡
߽棬δն𣬽ȴ׷ɢ߽һ㣡
ţʣµĽľԵɱһ˺ȵСӣҵ˵𣿡
αҪ㣿ֱӷ˱ǣ

ɱˣڡɱڵӣһϡ׳ͻʱ˲èǽľȫٵøɸɾ
Ƭռұ첻ѡ
һʯӽ֣һѣʯӽ⣬˴ƣһٵͣһ˹ɽȣȻ֡
֮䣬˵֮Ҳ۲ǵӣ֮УѾ˾ȴģ¥¥˫Ѫ죬ʮֲĵغţûгҲɱ㣡
ȷʵ㹻ȫơ׳ǣǵʵ
˵ǭ¿ˣ׳٣
һ価׳УʱУϮˣ۸ʩչֶΣô޼£ֵסнɡ
ôʱ¥¥Լˣ뵽¥Ļҵʹ˻һо;ʹѣͻط𣺡СӣϷҲҪ㡣


858 òţ
䣡
춯صһ죬ըڡ׳
¥Աˡ
߽۵ԱͬСɣס¥¥ǸУ˲
ţǹԱܣͬвƣԷ¥ԱΪģһȦһȦȥ֮浹ĸУҲвȶļ֡
ô˻ᣬһɱȥСӣΪ¥𣡡һн۴һЦ˵ǲģĸһԱ˵п⺮׳ǣҲһֿܶѡ
ΪûҸߣ㲻ǿֵز
Ϊôǿǿʲôйϵҵĺ׳ֻҪȷնɱǡϵ˵ɷ¥ԱԽԽ
㲻
ؼܴҵĺ׳οһԱܣ
Ͻ߽۵ԱΪһ㡱ŭ֣ǱʶΪ˵ģпġ
ţƾѾ˼֣ɱȥܣҲǵ㡣
ʱȦɢ˳ߣҪʱȴǴ粽ƣҲ÷ֺһ˲䣬ȥ棬ӿ˳ǹԱܵƵ÷ˡ
һˣ˵˶ʮ׿⣬˳׳֮⣬켴ʯӽɽȣһ
ۼϵġ׳Ȼ˰Ե߽۵ԱκβãжʱӿУټ֮Աܱ˳ȥסǵУٶøȶĸм֮ûˡ
أһ˹˵㲻֪˭ίǷ¥ɱ𣿡
òš
һֵͣһȥǸ˵Դ͵ǰ
ˡ
㳼ܸһ·𣿡
ܣ
㡭
ɱףˡ
ɱ׵£µǷԵģ¥Ӧǵķԣ˽е飬Ƶ˷¥ϣ޶ֽ֤˵¥ôãռıأ˵ɵй󣬶ǵıأûзڴָָǺٵһ֣һ·Ըء
ʲôıأȲǵ
һɫæ룬ȻҲĶ֣Ҳн۵ΪΪܶ£ԵĴ֣Ϊȥ֣ܶԡ
нûм˵Ϊ˳ҡͷ˵Ҫ̤ƽ¥ǲô̤ƽ¥أ
ô˵˾ˣʱһŭ𣬡Ҫ˵ˣһҲùҾͲˣĸԱһΣûУ
ģƴˣ

У˸оп콫ȫɣڣεرһ
䣡
ʱĹֱ϶ʵһһ仰û˵ЩܣҲܹżȥܹɵΪã
У׳仯γһ޴УЩԱܣвŻص˳ЩԱܵ
ˣ¥ȫ̤ƽ
ԺҪҼҪЮģӦûذɣϴ˾٣ɱӺĿģ¥ˣңˡ
˵ţϾ岨һźݺݲ£ҪǰɽȣǧԨ
䣡
֮ʹӽŵӿɽȼԨת䡣
һţֻðпӵˣԼʸɱ̤֮Ҫߣɾڳ̧ŶһɲǣȴоԾ
ʲô赲סˣҲ͸ȥ
һףԼԨȥ˲ִ֮һȴһϲõʯͷ
ʲôţȴսȭͷۼܵס岨֮ʮ֮أ
ȭ
Űʯ£һҺܼӲʯͷҷˣ
ʯҷɣĽڳǰģȴһҵĴڣâ˸޺磬һﾡƷƷԪʯʤ
ѲɣǷ¥ıأ
ɻţȴǺһɨգҺóеǴָҴָƷ׶ͣձ߲鿴ϴһϻʱϱЦŨŨϣֳϲ֮ɫΪϻװľζƳٵһ֣
֮⣬ϻҵ˷ħζҩ
һӹ󣬳ϲŽذ꣬տҲ
֮ƣٵʮζħʮһζ볤ٵָһˣķ¥ջɱ֯أ϶࣬˵ҲгٵǷħмζҩһ¶ҹҪȥݷðݷòǡ
ٶظϣ˿̣ѾַǷˡ
ڳϵĻع;Уڵ


859 ɱŹ
צɽɽ󲻸ߣҲûʲôдеĲľֻͨͨľɽ˵ָЩצɽ֣Ҳɴ˵
ҹɫ£צɽȴ͸Ź죡
Ϊצɽǳϻص򸮵ıؾ֮·ʱצɽһЩ֮Ҫϸɱˡ
ʱһ͸𣺡Сǰ׳һȻҹɱϷ¥ҿҲˣ
ǧȻô󹦣ǻһڣǾͲ÷Ѵ֮ˡ
ֵĪһ
϶ǳһֱɱﵣֻɱʵ̫ˡ
жһأˡ
ǣСڿ϶ڸ¥ľŴ֣ƴɱɣ

ŸЦ˵ȫΪˣҲ֪һηɱϣɹĻжôأǣǣ¥һƴɱ֮ʵķɱ֮£Ȼٴ
Էһǻǰ̽ӣڷ¥ԱõʵϢ
ЩšƻȵȣǺõġ
ֻǣ̫ǿˣǿ̤ƽ¥ûзѶ
Ұŵ̽ӵյ˵һϣյϢûдצɽϾѾצɽ
̤ռУҪצɽȴǷһף켴ɲס˲ӣ˵󷨣˼زˣ
һ̤ǵİΧȦСӲǷʲô𣿡һ˵˵һ˵ӦòɣҿӣûôƵġ
ô
̤ˣС̤ˣ
һ˲¶μؿͬʱһľϵ𣺡Ź֣켴׹һŹӵðצɽҲӣ󣬾ߣռһλ
֪ǰצɽһ֣˸ɱ󣬿η̤˽ȻԴǿʵûȥǰľֻЦ˵֪ң治Ӧ˷ôʱ䣬ǵôãǱǸ
Ÿ仰ȫˣһʱû׵ù˵֮ʲô˼ȴһʣＱ˳ȵûϵֻҪɱ㣬ٵȶöûϵ
Ҫɱأ
ɱ㣿ǿЦ֪ʲô𣿷Ź仯ֻҪ֮УͶ·󷨣ɱһǧ飬㹻ˣ
֪ûɱңʲô𣿡
ôɱ
˻û˵ֱ꣬Ǹϵϣ߾ţ˵ôʲôʱ䣬Աָ֣ɱ˵һ䣬ŹתʱӰݺᣬ⽣â˸ˮ籩ƵϮ
ʱ䣿Цһʣһն£ǰӰҲãҽâҲգȫΪһƬޣ˵ɱֻССèõʱ𣿡
ţһÿġ
ųϵĻ£ҽŶأ
ʱ¡¡ը졣
ȴצɽ֮Ҳһ״ӣϵٴ𣬡Źȷǲֻǣصס𣿡
צɽҿǵķŹںδ켴֮ǰԭȥÿ̤һצɽڲ
צɽͬʱŹıɱҲûɱϵĵޣҲҲűĴӡ
ƷŹľŸˣȫǾ֮ɫÿ̤һǵӣһҵĲϲ̤ʱŸˣΪΪǵǶѾѪ
رнۣΪأɫ԰׵ˣΪλãǴŹģںţСӵʲôģ϶ҪȻôܹӾ绤֮ķŹˣצɽٵⷴŹ󣬾ġ
ͷû꣬н۾һѪ˳
֮ɽ٣ڣǿ룬ûɱĺˡϵ˵ţȴûͣһһ֣ŹҡϵŸ˶ˣ뵽ģ򵥵ĺǵСնɱӵģǣΪҵĵơ
ĻǵĽֽҡ
һȥҹ㣬ûнڣҺãˡЦ˵ֵģҲȫȥͽǾŸˣ˸Ҫֻһʸͽ
˵̤꣬һ


860 ֻһ
һ̤ʱɽҡض
צɽѿצɽצȣ
ɽȻڣצɽͻȻ˸һ
ڲצɽȵ󷨲ϣǱһ飬ǷŹȻʧòʧ
˾ʯһӿצÿ˶һӣǵУӿһһ˵ľ֮˺ܶ࣬Ԥ˺ܶӦ֮ƶ˳Ʋ˷Ź
ȴƫƫû뵽󣬶ǿֱӽצɽ̤ɴӡ
ɱߣ̧ͷųϣһģ
뵽⣬иǿ־ˣ
ϾӸµؿǣ˵Ǿһ˻˸𣿡
һԣ
ݵĳĬһ˺ҪɱûŶӾͲţһ˶ûܣ˺ţֱӳӳһѵӰڵǬ롭
˺̣Ʒı꣬ٳûһɱϣһһ
ȻڰУ۷˷򣬳˺նȥ
鷢̫ͻȻ̫ڴ˵ϣȫûзӦʹ̴ؿڣѪѵӣʣ°ǰ
ǿߣȱ౻䴩ҲᵱֻǱһɲǣͷųһŰĵҲƻһͿ
ò
ŵİ˸ˣոմӵ׼ΧɱȥǰѪһĻֹסˣа˵Ұǽһʣ߸ǲȡĻҾֻԼˣҵʱ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ԣ˸תͷ㿴ңҿ㣻ȻûκԤ׵ģǰһӻͬǣһɱ
ǰһĻԤϣһЩϴԵļһﲻ֮⣬ЩǿߣҪ˵ϻ治š
ϵ˵ɱɱǣ𿳻ԴȻҾնԴƴɱüҵİ˶۵ĽԪննһʣĽâ۳̶ȿȽ֮ԣϽʹԪննط
ǣѾնȥĴУôױ任ģױ任Լ⵽ɣ
ô˻ᣬʱУƴһ첲Ҫǳ۸նɱڴ£ۣǺлˣʮԩرԽնɱˡ
۹âֻգ֮䣬˵£״رңΨԴ𡭡
ǸԽնɱ۵ʹǿߣʣµ֮УֻǣĺҲ˽ˣнֻּ䣬һɽѹ£ʹǿ߸ѹסֻԴ棬һþ˵ӱ㱻ѹһ̲Ѫ⣻һ˳ûɱȴнһɫСδȴһѪɫâֱӴ͸ĵ
Լŵһ˺һɣнҲһƨµȥ˵ϲ㣬ˣڣǰ˸˵ԴһξѪ
н۶Գϵȳ̬ȣǲ뵽˼Ļ棬Ͻѹ£ƴվųϵĻȥľѪ֮ץסʩչߡȥ
ұˣҵһ֮䡭ܺн۵ԺϵظЩ
ةฮϲѶĴţɱпܳΪвĳն˳棬һ֮󣬳ұ㲻ΪŰˣû˳֣պҽĸ߶ȡ
ʱˡ
ʲôˣͶԴСֵļͣܲ⣬ǼҲûô࣬æ߾ˣֻʣܺ
ˣ
Ÿɱһߣ˼ҷɱԹ˵һĶ⣬һ裻Ͳ⣬ʵСأǲҲˣ
ûУúúõģң¥ıȫ̤ƽˡͽõһУ˵˳Ȼ֮С
ʱѾص򸮣ըϣѪսݵĳ棬˵Ǿͳô˻ᣬϷ˰ɣҲǿù˻ȥǲľ֣ɾɫ̫ࡣ
Ͽһ۰ȻԺ֮󣬲뾪ĸףص棬һһȥһسûô򸮻ø˲ɡ
ңҲûж֣ǸܺȴƴնɱţȻһ
򸮷飬˺ܶУʥţ


861 Ǻ
ʥţص׻У
Ȱ˵ţʦ֣ɿˣҪȥˮ
Ҫȥûаԥػش
һأŰֶΣ£ǳҰµ壬ʦʲôʧʥŵĻҵҪһűĺ
ʵһⲻأ
гĬ˵СӿĴۣԪˣЩֻǿõģʥնɱǵĳϣʥŵһ飬û챾ҪӻԾʥŵЩˣ˸ԸȥҵһСɫҲԸʥţʥע벻ѪҺҲʧȥˮֵжôնή
һ£žϲ֮ɫ˵ǣǽնɱ˳ȻǲøЩԪʯҩϣǿԴӳûز٣ҲһԾɡ
ʦֻ֣ǵģ
ûʲôɵĵģһô˳֣İģһͷҲᱻȺҧңǲһͷֻһͷ첡Ĵè
м˵ʦֻ֣ʦֶһѣΪʥ˵Ҫԣж˵ǾͶһأʦ֣ҺһȥٴʥŵʮϣҳϣźһУǱ¶ʥŵŵӣȥϣ¶
ãͰ˵Уᶨ˵ʦܣİɣ¶ġ
ʱ̣ʥһʮˣԦһзǷȥ
һ·ȥ˿ɵܺǰƴ·ϵߣѪӰֻӰ˵Ǻؼңǹҵĵϵ
ҡ
ǳ¼ҡ
Ӱ˵ţ˵ЩˣҪǺˣɲ©һˣȻʱ˵ǳչ˲ܣǾͻЦˣ˵ʱծҲ֣
ǣ
ˣ⣬ϸһû̫Ԫššʥţһڶɱ֯ĳԱЩ˿ǺֵǮġţ˾ҪΪ˳ٵȵҩЩɱǳϾɣȥȻʵûҵҲҪ׼Űݷá
ϿһۻʹǸƵţλƣһԲЩҲ˽ľ档
ֻΪĵǰߴԪ˧ԸΪһλҲⲻסҡҡͷ߶ֻϧһأҪʧˡ
ֹţСӳȥһˣϵɱ˲ٰţһĶﴫһˣСϺŽɣϷҪϳˡ
һսһյȵս׼һ˹ȥһȣǰţ˵õȴû˺󣬶ͼ֮
һĺݻˣøˣɹתΪأرˣڣڳһ豻һǿ߷ɳȥ󣬳ҵķˡ
أչǵǰ
ԳҽأǿɲҴڣȴһ㶼ģֻһѷ˽ȥɱǸˣõĽ
ҵԲǿߣҲ˽أûһȣϢӰţǿߣԶҲô׶Ըģ͵ȥĵò֮һٶǬɣ
ţÿһԣѪȳЩ˼ˣǴϲɱ𣬳ȥǵѪ˵ƾЩСϣңΰɣ
켴ԾգȺֻȭͷոЩ˵ʵԲڳĻȭ֮£Ƕ֡
һ߾ߵʬ壬ӿ£˾ˣ⣬ϾٷҲȥòǣڴʱһͣŲʼǰһȭܴһˣȴҪȭ߸࣬ǻҲԽԽ
㻭棬ҶΪ治ˣ⾡͵عȥ
ҵλԲۣ̤˿УЦ⣬˥òһ찡
ͬʱʥŵķз˳ϿգʮӰ
棬ϻ˵ı֮£ǰС
Ȼϣĳϣ
ĳϣһ£ʩչаٱ䡷ĻòɢųϢءɱȥ


862 Ȼ
ҽŵģȫŨŨģնɢˮˣһٲ˵Ѫζ
˺ۣΧģʮˣЩܼƴɱڻδʵȻǷͬСɣʮУΪģǸ߽ʡ
УǿԲǿߣ
ʩչˡ޼򡱣ֻϧպյ֮ȴеķӣذڵѣ·ʱһ㡣
пϲһأǶĶˣСӣϷն棬ƽϣұϷϷҪãܣ
ţʩչʥ𳡡ײġ޼򡱡
ȴûǰֹۣܾòԾȴǸоﲻԾǱĳ棬ڣ˵ʲôûˣֻҪɱɱһоͳɶˣ
ҵԲۣһǹں֮ͣس֮ȴŹµĺô
һԲۣ֮ȻˮԵģңĳһ̶ֳϣܿסġ޼򡱣
Ϣȫ䣬һ˿һй¶ĳϣЦûϵ㻹ˣȻˣҾͲˣ
ϿİĴԲۣüͷԲۣһǹҵģһʥŵģһܿס֮˽⣬̫ǳ
߶ţըһ죬ȴǳġ޼򡱱ˣ
һȺ𣺡˷ˣǾȻҹ򸮣Χɱ͢ȫҪɣȫ£ҪնȮ
ǭ¿ˣֻ˵˳Ҫǳ͢ʱľ棬ͲˡҵԲۣŵ˵
Ϲ㻹סļɣˣҲǰ˷ܣܼ
ȥɣ

Բ빥ϡ
ȣϷҲҪһȥ
⻰üͷһ֪ҪԱ͹ҵۣҪ㣬İȴ˵Ҫ£սľеԪڵ֮ʱԱҲ̫Ӱ죡
ԣ㣬֮ս
֮ô֪Ϸе֮ʲôˣҲİۣɻ󣬶İغȵɱˣ
ƾ㣬ɱϷ򣬻Զˡ
˵ţѤöĿУֻһââǰеɫȫȻʧɫâɢľɱھĳ棡
˽Ծҵ۸оǹɱҪߵϢʧ𣿡
ϲ벻ҪȡˣȻô࣡
İȴüͷ켴չ
ҲǰһشӵɨȴǷһֵ£ĴսĴҷɣ˵ʬ嶼ӦñըϡòǣȻЩʬ壬ϡõĲ٣ЩԴö඼ܿĿ
ԴǺõģ沿ܿ壬ζʲôз·ҵǲԾĸоںδпѣҪѾڿХҪȡϷ㣡ԡ
䣡
âײڳϣҲɢֲԱļ
¡¡
ըĴЮŹâҲǱըѪɣ
ˣɢһߣÿһˣ涼ΪˣǲԾҲԼǶˡ
ȷʵ˭»ȥأ
ԣǣ۾ɢȥһţƳϹ壬ըɻҽˣͬʱԺﻹţĥǸʥŵĳ
ģʧˡ
ǣгֵģһƬޣһֱֱͦӰϣѪۡ
ϹôǿȻûиը٣
ô˵ˣɨûоһڷǿʯͷ䣬һ𣬡ˣ˭˵Ϸˣ

һź㻹ţ
ϷȻţЦʧˣϷ򲻽û֮ҲȥⰡ첻ҳң
ʲô֮ҲȥܣİѿڶкͿˣղŵһУݵϷɣоˣˡ
潫нѹͷųһָˣ˵ǣ˭ӣ˭𡭡롭
һ£泯ǸӰ̽ץȥ


863 ɱڶʳ
̽ץȥУһָֻ֣ӴܵĺӰֻǧԶָһץ㽫Ӱֱץ
Ϸȥɣ
ţȼܻ棬ܿоʲôţ£ϳһ޴ӣ
˼һ棬ѾǱ˵ǸӰǳĴڣɱˣ𶼲Ƕ֣Ӳˣôӵõ
˴ûǸӰţֻΪһжݵ̫ˣ
ǸӰȻǳϣϼѭضȥҪָݣٴν
ϷĺܸлǣҪǣϷȲһ¾ˣڣϷ򲻽ˣ֮ҲȥΪ˱Ϸл⣬Ϸʹķʽȥ
˵ĶۣʣӶһشеСģǵԹȥ֮ˮ
Ӱ
һͼֳĻңŻѡ
ȷҶˡ
ֻǣֶãȫ񱻽סһ㣡
֮䣬һӰٶ䶨˿壬ǳϣ϶˵㵨治һĴ󡭡
ǡиϽ˵˫ȣҪϹȥһһңֱӽе˫ն£˵ʥţѾûдڵıҪˡ
һһ˵ɱʥŵ޹أɱǾУŹǰɣŹǰɡлڰ˵һĲ԰ףе붼ˣԺڻصţʥŵˣһʥţˡ
۾гһ죬ɭ˵ǽնɱˣǻŹ𣿻óӵܺúõĻ𣿻ɣ
ʣʵƿԣնɱǰ׳Ҳ֪ҪնݳΪֻ󻼡
ֻϧҪڳɹһǣ˾תԻ
ʥţɱأԺ󡭡еԲ԰ֱӺȶϣţ壬Ӹ𣬾ͻɱǾҵɱأ
Сӣ˵ôֱնɱ˱ǡŭ˵ţЦȥû˼Ҳ岻ЩСèС
ʲô⣿
ǵΪٰȫ򸮣һһնѾˣպɱ
ã˵ȥ
˵ֳ꣬ʱɱأҽҹգֻһϢ֮ˣȫѪھ٣˲Ӹ߸ϵǿߣΪһ
һк󣬳ֵȥɣ
ϵ˽˳ȥתͷų棬һһٵǣһ£ȴһϷԲ
Ѫս֮󣬻кܶҪϽ˽˳һ裬СӺǧϽСϣʥŸȥгأ˭ȥף
ȫٱܿʥţʥڣǹľһƬȴǺɱ¡ϣ죬ɫâѤڿա

һף˵˼˸֣ڶʳ
֨֨֨
СſСϽиͣȥСȴаСҡš
߰ɣȥ˭ĵô󣡡
ץСӺСϣʩչߡգ֮䣬ʥɽսΪҵĵطûۿȥŻͼƵıʥŵӣһȴһ¡
սѿӽβһռϷ磬ֻ޼ʥŵӻڵֵһֿߣɱۣ
ʱԴѪڿУһʥŵˣֱбڵ˵Ҫɱң֪ʥŵı
ɱˣǺ˺˵ʥŵӴţѵǲҪʥŵı𣿡
ɱʥɽĿģΪǵõʥŵıأ˵벻Ҫ
Ϊʲô
ӱ˴Ц˵£ʥŵӵʱ˰˴飬ѪɣҪһڣٶȿ㣬ȡ걦أ쳷ʥɽ
켴ֵһ˵ϣﻹûзֳʤȻǾ鷳ˡ
˲صģϹˣǣӮˣҲǲӮڶʱ֮ڸϻǻʱ粻֪ںδʥɽҲˡ
Цϲģˣ


864 һɫ
ʥɽϣһƬϱڲ̹ò
˿һָкüʮöȫѪҺ÷ڲѣ̧ͷĿɨǰİˣ˵ʰ׵𣿡
ˣֵǮģǶˣһԪʯҲʣ
˵ͷţǿϧҪʱ㹻ʥɽ׵ǸʥɷúһΪ϶һأ˵ͻƵнۡ
ϧţȴǺˮ˵ã룡
˵꣬תԾնҲ̤ȥȻǸĺˣոԾУһ𣺡ˣ
û䶨˾ԱԾոʮٶ׹ض£顱һҳһʮӣҵİĶһ
ص׵ĺˣֻһϢ䣬Ƶضȵ˭ҵϷȥ·Ͻ˲ûӣ޲˲ͽɵĴڣʵ϶ߣǣʱ̣¶ţǸǿİ˵Χɱ£ܽ˸նɱ
ž
˵Ļ䣬һϣѪףǱ˦˶ĺˣȴǿںδоϢҲû˿
㡭˭
תϣŵغţİҲɵۣ֪ʲô£Ƕף鷳ˣܹǴŹĴڣܶԸģҲһƣǾ˶ࡣ
ǵӣеһƴȻҵĶں˵Ķ𣬿ɺȴȻֲһ쳣
Ķƾʲô˵Ķֳ֣
˵Ļû˵꣬£СӡСһһޣպվں˵ǰ˵һۿģǳϣǧϽܣȻʧ𣡡
켴˶Ӧ˭жʱӿ֮УĿƵϣڿ׵һ˲䣬˾ȵô
Ϊʲô
㡭㡭˵ĻѾ²⵽һµʵʵǡˣ
Ӧûûٵһͻᱻͷˡϵ˵ţźˣֵϲǹе˰ɣ
˵ʲôףľȻֻ˵
ǣֲǸҵĶ
Ҫô׽첻ˣ۾һתһƣ˵ԸཻһѣԸóһıأңպǻиĺ
˴˼ƾԴҽãͨԺжаһǣһ仰
ֻҡҡͷ˵ˣһǼһɱһһȺһȺ
ˣѣǵˣȻұϾٶˣܽȫ⣬ֻҲҪصĴۣڡңΪǳҴ޾ѣӴġ
𣿡
ԺǳвֻǵһʣǧϽ˵Сϣһɫ

ǧϽܻؽһʱһŶɢٶȺܿ졣
ͷ״ͷ롣
ôӵأ
˷Ծնȥˣһģϸײ˻ϣǳôɵģ˵ϲ󣬽ѣǶЩ˵ȴԽǽ
顭
һ˱ײڵأ˲䱻ǧϽܵĶΧ˵·˲ںڣ̶ŧΪˮѪɡ
ָҲװıڵأ
ֵܹǧϽܵľ綾ƾΪƾ
һӺ󣬶ɢȥȺУվŵģʮ˶ѣʮˣҲ˲أ˲ˣġ
ͷҲɫ벻ôļƻȻͷ⣬ȴûֻ˵˻̫ˣСӣȥʳɡ
֨֨֨
С˷ܵؽţӰֻϢĹ򣬱ٴλصǧϽܵıϣǴѪʮһԪˣԪ˵ʳʡ
ʮһˣԼԪ˱ֱ̣һض
ڣֻʣһˡ
϶Ǻͷ˵˿һصĺɫѪˮ۹־壬תۼָ˵Ը⽫еıضҿԸһܣֻҪһ·
ܣ


865 ֪
ʲôܣ
ŵһ˵ţѾ⡣
ȴǵһЦֱһȭȥ˵㲻˵ûлˡ
ͷ󾪣벻ֱӣæкʥɽһ»
Ҳܣϱ˵ǲǻ˵ֽʥɷأ
ô֪
һΪҪ˵Ǹù֯ʲôһأ˵ܣһϧ˵ȭѱצһץס˺ͷĲӡ
ͷоϢźƴϣ̫ˣǵشʶ࣬ԹԵطңϵ£׷ɱ㣬ֱ𣡡
仰̫ˣӻ忪ʼһֱɽϵڶ˵仰ôһۣܻܲʵľӣ˵ҡ
ϵ˵ͷղŻǿװ򶨵ɫҲ򶨲ȥΪ۵ȻܽӴٵϢ˵ɽʱ˵ʱ˳˭
һ̣ӿ𾪣İٶ𾪼Ҫ󣬺죬µ㡭ǡơ
˵仰ƺþԼȫ㣬Ժ︡һʣƾǴϣôᵽ룬ѵ˵Ǵʵ۲µһö𣿡
µòЦţʵˣ֮𣿡
ʲô˼
㻹ԱҼǵǸˣһȺļһʱ򣬶ӦԱŶ԰
˵ģȫˣ˵ȷӦԱˣǣǰǱƣ˵ӰԵţԼԱҲɱȻĻʱﻹбƵĺպ
ϢᣬǻԼաϿ˵ԥлССһ£׼ֻҪԱļ˲šĲӣɼʣѵ
ǰϲ֯ĻڣΪ֪ǲ˵滰ϲ֪֯ʲô˵ֲ֯롢졢Խ治һӴӴ˵õԴܶ࣬ЩԴ棬˵гҪġٵҩ
˵ôƾһ㣬㹻óһˣϸʩѹܲշˣϿһ
о

˼άתޱȵؿ죬֯Ӵ󣬳ҵҲ֯ڱĲãѾһټ֯׷ɱôãûܽɱҳĻ
ûϣ̫ˡ˵þӿ˵壬һ飬ͷ˲ռϷ磬ѿڶҳ
һξѪϿɲҴ⣬Ѿ֪֣ҪصĻǿҪĪѣ
˵ֺ󣬻˲٣ʵʵȡһξѪתƬ֮󣬺˸оԺӡؿųϡ
˵һ󣬻ɣ
лˡһϲԣ˵ˣ»һ󣡡

лᣬܾܲҷһ壿
ô˵
ӽ˵ǰЩ˶ԥԱܵѵйϵ⣬оǵˡˡȫˣ˭ҪҲȫ屻ܵԣЩ˲ò˵󵨵Ļ֪˱ǰҲԱˡ
ã
Ӧһ֣ӽæڵϱл⣬վ˵˵˵ɡ
ǣˡӽ֯һԣǵ֯дܣǧǰûд죬ûб룬ûԽǶŹͬ֡ܣÿһ˵룬ǻָϵٹ⣬һͳ
ŷӽĻﾫﻹ΢΢Щ˷ܣ϶˷ںδ
֮󣬷ӽ˵ˣ֪ôˣҪ֪Ϣ͵Ҫһ㡣
ѡ׼ȷģĴܣԶܸģΪǵòģϵͷ˵ţͻһƴ£ӽʤʱƣˣֱѪӽ˼ؿųϣճģ˵㻰㡭
ˣˣˡ
ˣ⡭ӽûоϵɱҲЩԺˣ˵ôۼ˽ͣȥ飬Ҫ¶ڣһøߣҴӦģȻ
ӽʱҲ׹ϵ˼ˣԵףӽϽͷϵдҩƣϵȵȣ˵Щռռ
ӽӹһ£Ȼ١
ͻأӽˣһһϢ

ǹġ


866 棬Ӧ֮
Գ˵֣һɽѹóϴҲѹó˿иƴƴһһѪսлҲѹ˽յĳϣû뵽շӽϢȻǳ
˲佫ѹ£ʵôˣ
ܵһƻҪչǿкʱƶϣӦþ⼸졣ӽ˵꣬ԺҲ󣬡Ҫˣ
ѹֱϮͷһ˵ãϢһ󹦣ʮұ㻹ɣӽƲסشϲϹǣлţǽǰ˸ߵҩϵȵȶҵһ󹦣
ţӽˣ㽫ЩҵȡһΪūΪ͵ʱ䣬Ͼһʵĳۡ
棬ҪˡϽȭͷ޲صҽأһ˫ȭȡﵽ򡱵ľ磡
Ͽסˣ߽µı˼Ӧ֮ʱڣѹԲҾѹȥ뾭ҲܲΨһİ취Ǽ콫ɽˣԪ֮ӦòȱֻҪݳľУ
֮⣬Ҳһֹϧһֱƽ⣻ҲܷãҲֻ̫ˡ
뵽ϱ뵽ʸܿƣ뵽뵽ݣٺͻʸܿƴˣֱȥ˵ݵλãһȥɣѰҩ⣬Ҫǽ鼮һۣʱҪݳɽҪߡȫݳʱӵʵ
ʰ걦أǧϽܺСӶ棬ػţʥɽص׹ȥҪʥɽ׵ʥɷˣڣܻһʵͻһʵܹ
ܿ죬ϾʥɷսӴʥɷϾ͸оһɱ˵ɷɷԳȴûжӰ죬ʥɷѾʥſһңͨȵȣҪģȻƷ׵ʥɷ֮𣬺ͣأٴ׹ȥ
ո׹Զͻһף켴ֹסӣ˵ɡ
ûзӦ
ѵҪ㲻ɣ
ɭʥɷдݣһ㶼ûɢ£ϲԶһ߳һˣ˲Ǳˣǡľ
ľ߳ǳϣϽһˡ
оľһ̣˸⣬վʥɷ˵ʥʣµģϣֻΨһһˡ
ľɫ԰׵òУ֮ǰȺɱΧסҳϣʮв㽫ҳնɱʱľ֪ʥŵĽˣǱһʱ䣬ʥɷһֱܵܳܵʥɷļ֮أŽһһ
ЩˣҲȫɱˣ

ľﾪһϼҪģܳȥȥʲô̫ԪšŵȵȶҪȥһˣÿȥһ¼Ǻš
ľＫΪɻ󣬳Ҳͣ˵ȥұǣһһɣұǸ߽ǿߣ
ľﻹǲףѾ֪һ׮ô䵽ϣԻָӵǿʵȻţҲûоԵģһ֮ڣ߽ۡ
ˣľˬشӦȻٶȣȥϴСӶľк󣬼ʥɷǱ
Խ£ʥɷɷԽأȻ¶ǸߣţҲһй׵ɽľ飬֪⣬ö棬ɽػõӳձ˺ɣϲҪ棬һ곤ٵҩǾͺˡ
أϷԼǱôˣ⿿Ȼܳסɷ٣һ£Ӧйأرǵɫ磬ȻҺܶΣҵõĴ࣬ǿ
뵽ϱ̽ԼĵһɫȻڵǳƣһ鿴ԾȣЩ磬ģܸǿһ㣡
ǰҲûгֹʱţ֮ѵ˵ɫĹϵϲ²š
±룬Լаʱңڸо崫ʹУͬʱװźڵĴָͻضһ£ظоæڵͷ˳


867 ʥɷ
ڵָ⻹ǵһΣûȥڵΪʲôָָΪʲôܴڵֻǴžϲæڵȡ˳
һγ˯Ѻĺڵ治һ͵øһЩԭ֮ɫҲ˾ŲʣЩȣڵȴˮһ㣬ʥɷתתȥֱȥ
Ͻ£Ц֪ڵʱܳ
õڵǰϻȽڴڵƿǶΪǻʵ̫ǿɵ̫࣬һڣϵôˡ
ڵԽ٣ԽǿԽ󣬡֪ҵõڵ֮ǰڵѾ˶ã
Щһϼ׷ȥȴ֮ĺڵٶֿ˲٣ȻŨŨʥɷУʩչߡӰ죬ٶȻǺܿ죬ɺͺڵٶȱȴࣻٿĺڵһΰ𾪡
ֹ˽ʱӣڵ׷ͣǰһеʥɷȫŨҺ壬ˮһš
Ѿ˻Ԫָķڵȴǡˡһʥɷ˳źӵ¹ȥڻܲǹʥɷɷֻڰϣźڵȥ
һֱ£󣬳ڳǰһҺɷ죬ŨòУԱ߻ŵȫʥɷҽеҺеȴǴҺ
⣬ϵûоȣЩϰΪˣڵķӦȴ䱸ڵǴ£ȴڹҺһ˲䣬ɽϵĻ
üͷҺʥɷҽʥɷҽûʲôҩ֮ĴڣûҩûޣɺڵӣȴҺﶨʲôΣա
ţϽʥɷ浼ڣС
ڵҲڳߣŲʹâֱѣҲʥɷ棡
ԼһӣҺͻطΧĵҲţʥɷ·һ㣬ҡβѣڵٴϵĻУһԾ𣬽֣ѹһһ
ʱҺһֱϣ켴ʩų˲仯ΪΣʥɷײȥڵľʵԲ
Ȼʥɷһλ棬˲䱻ײ˸飬䣻΢иоģɷȶ֮⣬һɾ޴ľ
о޴Ļ𣿡
ţϿûˮֳˮȻֻ֣ȴʥɷһ裬϶ˮĹͣϧҲֻһ裬ˮ˵ܴ󣬿ôѾ½٣ټ˷ʥɷ棬ˮ
ˮٻʥɷٶȣٴʩչ𣬸һ֣γˮУʥɷײ¡һը죬ӱˣĿϬһʥɷҪǧǡ
û꣬Һб㵱汩ǧʥɷһ㣬ϣϵʩչУʮ⡣
顭
ը𣬳ƵƵܻըֹͣѪ״Ƕһˮתȼŵʥɷ档
Ż棬϶жڡ
ţŻֱϳϳѹʮ岨ӭȥ
飡
ٴˣŻҲ෴ȥתŵʥɷڿʧһѪӻнϽѪѪȵĻУȴûɢϵõġҺһ㣬Զ£һš
󣬳ϿŻ棬ʧ¶ǶԴһ˲䣬ϾΪԴȻһͷ
ȥǻۡ㣬һţβ
ǡԺʦǱħһͼǰĹһģһǸͼ棬дȴ֣
룬ʥɷ룡ϾȵͬʱҲ뵽ʥɷĺôڵѪҺ⣬ȫǱǴر
ʥɽףȻһֻʥɷ룡Ϊǰδ˵
ʥɷһ㶼ǱѪѪ߹ֻ࣬ѪþΪֻʥɷ룬ûо׺䣬ҪǾףʥɷɾ͡
Ժ︡һϢֻʥɷһ˫ʨۣ죬
𡪡
ʥɷŭˣ


868 ۻ˵
ʥɷ룬Ƥһĸ߽׷ֺ֮⣬Ǵƾ֮ܽײƤѹǶϣ̤⽴
㣬ʥɷ뼸ڲ֮أ
˵ʥɷ뻹ӵйģܾ޴ʥɷ棡
ϧʥɷ겻ײ˳ϣ
еʲôûоȴ֮ԣǡòõģ֮·󲿷߶ͬ൱עʮ岨ǿоŰ
ʥɷٴǿɾŰҲܸĪ˺
ƮŵѪõ֤
ֻʥɷ룬ȻҲ֮ͨޣǻҪȻҲŪʥɷŹʱʥɷ۾ŭųϣĿ¶ŵǲţǷŭ
ʥɷŭԼȻһСӸˣһŭ֮£޴ҵɢɲǼϾ͸оһεѹֱϮ˵ԪָķѾͷŵ£ȴ޷ֹǰѹϮ
ˣźҺʥɷɽеȫֻһĿ꣬Ǿǳϣ
Ӿûԭطأת÷ɿ죬һƣٴ۳ϻ硣
ͬʱϻֱƮŵѪȥ
Ҫʥɷ֮Ѫ
ʥɷ뿴ϵľٶҲ֪ϵĿģŭһײȥҪάʥѪ
ԭǳʥɷ֮󣬳۾һתʥɷӵЩɵֻȭͷʥɷη壬øˣſ죬Ҫҧϡ
ת֮䣬ϵȭͷҪײʥɷϣʱʥɷͻر죬ͻȻһĳ⣬ֱϰΧ
ʱ۵Уֱûˡ
ûǸײײײûˣȴۻһ㣬ֱûˡ
ʲôֱûˣţֽӴ˻ԪָķȦ֮ǰһʷȦҲǾֱۻ
кʷȦһۻ͸о֮ǰʢʮѹһӾ³ѪңӼϮ
ϺɣӴ壬ǿƷҲᾶֱ۵
ˣչ˹
дУҲУ
䣬Ͼͷųǵõ磬жʮ׵磬ͻȻƿնʥɷϣֱʥɷڵҲȻʧƬڷ裬Ѫ⡭
ô˻ᣬֳһԾԾʥɷϣͬʱ̽ʥɷԴϣﲻųռȫͨעʥɷԴУ
ʥɷǱͻˣűܵη壬ֱϽ̽Դҵʹع
һ˱һϰٱʥɷ˵ҲǺгǷŭǿ־壬˫۾ͬǿ־壬޾Ŀ־壡
ʥɷٹ˲ѪֻǲͣܣҪϴ϶ϺòĻᣬô׶
ϵѾ̳˿ڣʥɷԴͣش̡
һߣڵѾڿеѪȫɸɾˣʥɷȥѺĺڵٶȴҲǱ
ʥɷԳһˣԸˣڵľƾ͸ˡ
ҽԽԽ
ʥɷѲˣȻһݶȻҺȥ
һҺʱһɾʹϵӣóһ飬֣üʱкͻԪָķͬʱڵҲҺ׷ʥɷײ
ʱ򣬳ϹעȥҲʼã˵Щʱ䲢ãҲôŨƷײôߣǣϾʼʴʥɷѪ⡣
Һȥʥɷ룬ʼˡ
ϻиϬʽǱһ˾ûˣ绹˵ȴҲطȥˮ壬ȴǸӰ
ǳԸġ
ԣһ磬һסʥɷĲӣͷȥյǵ˿ڴѪ
ʥɷֻŵ˼£Ϊ̫磬ûٹʽֻһҺ³



869 
ʥɷѪһϾ͸оҪƵģʥɷѪ̺ŵĻ֮ҺĻֹһ֣ʮֱҪϵѪճɻҽơ
˷֮⣬ǹɷֱĻꡣ
ټϣϵӻʥɷҽ⽻ӣΣպֹ֣
ȻϲûֹͣʥɷѪ
һ򣬳ڵѪ̥ǣͲô׸յ򣬵ʮԴԴϵͷų޲űʥɷѪյĲ֡
ɷɱԣɱҲǼΪɷƴ£ռЩϷ硣
ʥɷľƣҲֹۣԴ粻ͣ޷֮ģѪʧڵһһεײҲҪײɢܡ
³ٶԽԽʥɷԽԽ̶Ҳ΢΢ռһϷ磬Ȼ˿⣬Ľпܾ﷭
ڣʥɷѪϵѪص˺ţʮֵľңѾƤ֮µѪ⣬˹ѪϸѪ˵ƽɵѪϾǸոճ֮ǿѪ̺ܣʥɷѪ˵ռҲ̫󣻶ֲϵʥɷѪ˵ԶԶ˳ڵѪɫֲ԰֮ɫɺõĴأѿ
ʱʥɷ뻹ţǳϹƾǰһˣ
ֻϧʥɷԶӣﻹз֮
Ѫȫ˹ʥɷѪӿ룬ۿҪɷյѪȴޣһɿµܣȥ
ܣϺϤΪ˳ǵ̲ڣڳͷʱΡ
˿̣ǵΣҲһΣ
ɲͬѪҲĽ
ͬʱظоԼȻܿԭѪ
һ㣬óϸо𾪣Լв²⵽ǲѪıܡ
𾪵ͬʱҲǷǳķŭ
ҳϵѪҲҺһŭȣҪѪĿȨִ֮УʥɷѪԵسûϣҧʥɷѪֻҪҵĵϣ͵ҵĻ
ϴӵͷų磬ӿȫӿ裬ǹذΧǸоѹʥɷѪһʵѪҲ˳
ƣȫǳûúܵѪʥɷѪˣҲûʥɷ뽫Ѫ𣬶һһ˵ǣڣںһ𣡡
֮£ʥɷѪǺܵѪˮһ㣬û˿ųؽΪʵѪҺ
ԽԽʥɷѪںϣҺʥɷҽѾٸɴ˺㳷кͻԪָķ⡣
ɳϻǷǳͬʱﻹðһ뷨ʥɷûо磬ѪҺʵЩ˷ѣѪҺ᲻ﵽЧ
ţѾ¡
ͬʱܵѪʥɷѪϣʥɷѪûһ룬̲ܵѪҲһЩʧʧʥȺѪ˵ȫԺԲơ
˵ʥɷѪһûˣϾһСԺʤ̭ǿ桱ȵȴ㲻ܴ֮٣µѪɢѪƷ׸ߣܸ󣡡
ֹͣѪҺںϣͣ£֮
ÿһ£дѪҺʧʥɷѪǳ࣬ÿʣµһСѪҺһǷǳɹۣ
һֱ£ѪʧΪֹ
Ȼ󣬲ںϡ
һں֮ʥɷҽԳٲκãʥɷҽУͬԡһ㡣
Ȼûл裬ٴ磬ںϺѪȻһѪʧʧһѪԳ˵ʣ
ֻ˲ʱ䣬ںϺѪҲȥһһֻԸоܾ쵽ѪҺǺƴ磡
Ѫ棬֮ܣܣȫɷ֣Ѫͽɣ˵꣬еʥɷѾһϢˡ
Ȼȡ˲ѪʥɷڣѪЩѪȫڵɡ
ȡһδ£һش̵ģȴʥɷڵλá
ͬʱ䵽Һ֮ף
Һ֮׵λãһӡ


870 ʥɽ
Һ֮ףһӣһԲĴڡ
϶ûп壬ڵ͸ȥ
ţϾͿŶɿʧľȫڵˡ
ʱ򣬳Ҳʥɷڵȡ֣ûڵʥɷ룬һˡ
ʵʥɷúԩʵǳǿ󣬳Ŀֲۻ⣬ɱУֻϧûʹóͷų磬ˣò֪롣
ʥɷ磬Ŀ־壬ֿ־ѪͻȻ磬ʹˣʣµľֻӣˣʥɷҲѵģϾҺʥɷҽǿɲǰ׸ġ
ҲãҲգǿʥɷˣѪóϸˣڵˣҲϸս˴ָ桭
ڵϲûеȴǿźڵ
ʱǶ֮У˺ڵ֮⣬Ѿǿһ֮ǰڶĿֲڣ֮ѣҲûˣ˺ڵĿ
ûʥɷڵ뽫ڵڵ£ڵԽǿպҲԽ
Ƭ֮󣬺ڵӶɳ굽ϻУڳϸظоڵ̺ŵǿϽڵݹȥڵȴûǰԪʯںһ̵˽ڵϵľٶ
ˣԱøǿ󡣡
˵ţٴεݸڵɺڵһؽڵϣó󣬺ڵֱӷɿˣҺתתȥ
ˣϲپܾʥɷ֮У
ʥɷѪһҲڵڵԭʥɷоĴ֮£ǲ֡ʡ
ЩʡҲֻԶԣϽġʡŵ棬ȻҲĵر䶯Ĵڡ
ʱʥɷڵòپϽʡռڵ̷ǣɲǼ䣬һӴйһڽϵѪ֮С
رǾøԣţʥɷڵ֮ġɵ϶ܳһǧ
һǧĻۣʵı仯
ʥɷڵɵӦ÷ǳ󣬵ȴûһ͡ĸоǾһ㣬óϸо֡
ΪʵܲʥɷѪһӴܾܿͺ˲ˣȻڻСĸо
ڵ֮󣬳ϵΪѾ˴Բʾ磡
Գ˵һջ
ڣʩչ֮ӦûװɡţҲûзŹʥɷ档
ţϱţֲʥŴûзֹʥɷĴڣĵطֻ»䲻һ룬͸ٳɻ˰ɣһʥţֵˣЩֻʥɷĺôҲϲϵģȻҪǱôһꡮٵҩǾ͵ˡ
ʥɷҲڽ˵֮УʱΪֹѾ֣֮ǿа֮࣡
ϴ߷ںֵĻ棬ܹȻ˲٣ʥɷдʩչԻȻ
׵ɽһҲûзŹҺΧЩʯЩʯʥɷҽγɵģֵܹסʥɷķɷȻǲ򵥣̺ŵ϶ͣ˵׼ʲôʱ򣬾ó
ԣϽܵʯڵúܸɾ
һ֮󣬳ȥصʥɽϣСС˵ϡ٣ڵĳ˵һ¶
ûе뿪ȴһһֱһǧ
ţһȭ£
䣡
ɽѣڳǰʥɽˡ
Ȼϡϼ״ǸЦݣһǧʵı仯һǧǳϵļޣʥɽĵҲʥɷûйϵĳ̶ֳ˵ʥɷʥɽһ֣
ٶ࿴ϼǸϻȥкܶ£ȥأкܶծȥ֣
ʥɽ춯ȻǾ˲ˣǣǸϵʥɽʱȴûпʥɽģֻһƬ棬ʥɽڡ
˭ֱʣȻʥɽˡ
ʥˣɣӴ֮󣬾ֻʣˡ
ǰʥŶǺúõģͳ⸱ģ

˾̾²š
˳ϣѾصȴˣһҲûǸϡĻʸܿƣȻУ
򸮵ſڣһƱˣˣ


871 ϶
ʸܿڴǰ߸ϻ˽꣬Ҳ϶ˣǸϾеĻˡ
˽⵽ЩʸܿƺܷŭΪоԼˣˣϽһĻһĻʸܿƸŭ죬ûʸܿƷŭǣļƻıܶó϶쵽ˡ
뵽Щʱ򣬻ʸܿƵ˵һ仰ʵжǿкӹΪջʸ
ȻȻʸܿƻصʱˣ洦ϡ֣ϸϸһ֮£֪˳ǳˣһһĳˣǳ֪˳ϽΪĸһƷھˣ֪˳̤ƽ˴ķ¥
֪ˣԹΪ׵ǿ߹򸮣նɱ֪ѾԱĳ澹Ȼ漣ػ˹һ֮
󲻾ã֪ˣϱǰҵǸ쾭֮ˣ䣬
֪Щ֮󣬻ʸܿ˲ףϲܶԸģҲûʵùջʸ
ʸܿƿŹǰ򸮵ЩˣйҵˣӼҵģҵģҵģżҵġ
һߡ
ʥŵ
ĸҽЩȫɱ𣿡ʸܿţոոϻĳϣȴǺԥնɱɱһ˳һɳһ䣬ʮѪֱڿգʮԴµµعڵϡ
Ѫȣɫ԰ףеĸǵԣ
ɱ
󣬳˰ԴռҪȥծͬʱһҲʸЩ˹򸮣ɱ֮
ʸǵǣȻس鶯һ£
⣬еԴҵ˹ޣֻİԲ۵ԴҲĹڳ⡣
򸮵ˣǵԴǲȱʬ壬ȫˣûн봢ָǽͷ­ڵϽϳǹϣЩǹ̶ֹԿյϣһһ糤߰㣬ߣվŵǳһצɽϵܺҲС
⸱棬ǰͷ­Ļ棬ѪȣѪȵͬʱĺٱ
ǰУ·ʸܿƵʱЦŶ˵ܿƹȥϷ
ʸܿ۾طŴķﺰġһݣ˵ðʸܿƽҧرأ⣬
ϵһЦһңةฮ
ةฮɫ԰ףǷޱȣӣһҹ֮˼ʮ꣬޺ţϹȻûôܾͻأΪʲôѵһߴҪ̽𣿡
߶ţ͵ͳ˽еүˣˡ
ž
ķţһԹ֮Ҳйôһֱһ˦˹ȥȻ˵ʲô£𣿡
ǱˣôһʣӦˣ
˭ˣ
ˣ۵ԴȥҵЩˡ
ʲô
ҲˣûϵҾȻô죬Ͻȵغôţκ̤һ⣬е˶Уȥţة໹жԶ
ǣү
һƬУڴȴûȥ᣻˻һͷﻹԹ޵ţϢһһ㡭
үֻٶˡ
㣬һˡ
ʮˡ
ʮף

һǿһǳõӣȴ·˳ˣʲôҲ벻¸ô죿ҿ϶˵ģҪʲô
үվſˡ
仰һʩ˶䣬һӶڵţһةฮ϶Ұ·ɱң˽򸮣Ҵɱ棬ôӰ
ÿһ䣬͵ӾͲһ£رǡ桱ĸըֱ̱˵ϡ
϶Ϣʱ䣬ŹĻͱҶ㲻ˣ
϶ŽةฮţһЦ
ʸܿųϽйΪ϶ȫûнةĿһݣ˼ٴת뵽뵽ݣ
ة࣬һСȣҲŭˣҲֻǷŭѣʵǴȣ
һ
𣬹һȥǾԲܵ飬һȥڴͽԶ̧ͷҪš

ͺȵϷͲţϷ򲻳㻹ܱϷҶةฮ֣Ϸܡ

ϢѹةฮȻգ϶ûй
ϵָ⣬һưɫ棬Ծš


872 ֮
һư棬ةฮϡ
䣬һƻȼճܴةฮΧǽӶȥɫյһƬߣʱӸ߿¿ةฮһȦܵĻıƽ

ةฮڣʱ˲ҽްة緶еıƣȫʧӰ٣ܻŭСȻةฮϷ򡭡Ϸ򡭡
ǲԸǾͻΪҽɣϵةฮÿһ˵ĶǼģҪةฮţײײ
үǿȥɣٲߣɫյˣϡʵȰ˵
ϷͲߣϷţɱϷϷ򡭡ŭţҳϵͣѾץסⱼˣӻߴȵÿÿȫÿүˣүˡ
ǰһ仰Щ˾㲻ԾڵأҲǸϽõÿģȹߣʱ̣˭ô࣬ԼСҪ
ûֻÿԼʵһ
ةฮ⣬ϵ̿罫һж֮۵ףͬʱϻŻȻĻЩ˾Ҳ͸ǰɫ棬ֻˡ
ʸܿƿΪ𾪣ֱţʲôڽĵطư
ǡʱةฮһۿҪһ֣˵ʱڵأ˶ȥͬʱ˵ʲôҵǣ߳ܳǹ
㡭˷ŭˣеȴǷǳúúã͹͹˵ţˣ͹ԹԵعˡ
ĹˣǰЩĴӣηηվһԽЩӲŲӣģо˻յʹʹʹЩܲˣϽſأ˳вرӲˣ繫ĶӹԾ֪ŭţճģҪɱ㣬Ҫ
ʸ𣿡
ϴ˹ԾĻ£Ծͻð̣УԾӣ㻯ޣûڹһ
һĻһһѹ˵ģ켴ȿֺعһʱ䣬Һü˶ˣֻʣ¹ҵļ͡
֮ǰùͳͱûڣùôܹӦһĿɲͣң
üͷ䣬˵Сةฮ֪ʲô
򸮣϶֪ʲô
Ϸʲôʱ򹥴򸮣ó֤ʹһЩ˶ˣǲٿ˵ġ
Ҫ֤𣿡ƳܺͿܺ۾һĨܺȴûмһһʮ·ɱϵʵ˵˳֮˵˹˹򸮵һϯȻһܺճϵ˼˵ġ
ԩУ֤ݣ𣿡˵ո˵꣬бһԪӡڹ͵ϣȴǳϲ˷ѿˡ
һƺúݣֱԴˡ
С
ž
ϷҪһְһƺ󣬹Ͱ˻ʸƣԭΪϻһ㣬֪ϸĻشһٱ򣬿ȭӡӡڹ͵ϣֱ͸ڵأȻڼ˵϶ΪҲɱ㣬ʲôǣ
˵תͷŻʸܿƣ˵ʲôıƣž͹Ҹǹһ·
͸о˳ϵɱûϵ̧ʵҲѹס֪ʸڻһýأңʸҵһλҲˣ
˵ǹһ·ͳĬˡ
ǻʸܿƵģȴţʲô˼ΪʲôҪ˵Ǿ仰ھңǡ
ʱ䣬ϢϢ
̵ļ£ȻǱһ·Ҫ֮ʱˣҹ
Ǿ͸Ͻ
ϵ˵ţʹޱȸӵ飬ĵʹ˳ûֻͣٴתԻʸܿ˵ղһϢĻɱ𣿡
ʸܿüëһʵɱɱҺθɣ
⵹ҲǡЦţٴ˵ˣܿƹ϶֪ݰɣ
ôһ˵ʸܿƶʱоϽĿģɲǿϷô򵥣֮ⲻڹңݣ


873 ˰ɣ
ʸܿƽųϣûֱӻشϣǷʵϣǴة࣬ɱĲҸ𣿡
ʥӢϤһУأ๼ʥ¡ңǡϱһģȷûʸǿڣ֮ǰʱʸǱûгָԤû˵һ仰ȻǺܲ
󣬳沢û֣ΪܺߣôʧΪһҰĺܴĻʵۣʸȻôѡ񣬲Ƕġ
ңһǧƷԪʯɲǵϵ
ؼǳϽˣʸҲû
ǣû˹ңǳҵĶͷʱңҲʮֵףɳϽˣǻʸȻ̧һ壬ƽҵǿơ
ô˵ڹҾǳҵĶ֣һȫµļ壬¹ң˵̨ļ壬ȹҸѶԸأ
ʸܿʱ֪˼ʵ˵֪أ
ûϵֻǵһϷ滹кܶೡϷſЩϷܰܿƹһЩ顣ȴв
ʸܿŭˣȻв뷢ǰè̫Ӹ绹ŽӪ뵽̫Ӹ磬ʸܿԺͻһЦԸ⵱үأܿƱ֤ʲôط
𣿡
ҲЦһʣתӣǱĹͣǸԲۺԹҵ˵Դʬǰ
һѪ⣬ֱù£סˡ
˵϶˰ɡ
ˣʲôˣ
㲻֪Ǳ֮Ц˵Ҹ㣬ɱҳҲˣǻ򸮣ⲻҪɱЩˣҲףûйҲпͣѵ㲻ý𣿳滹ţҲ£˾𣿾ܻ𣿡
ʣʵùƿԣᣬةฮǱΪƽأΪ˻ҽϲŲô룬Ϊةô꣬ҷޱȣԣǧҪóŰƷԪʯؤһҴˡ
ŰƷԪʯǴؤ𣿡Ѫˣȴ˵ԪʯأڵҩһƷĵرˣˣ˵һľԪǾĵرЩأʲô󷨰ȵȣҲˣֻҪֵǮĶɣ
ϵʨӴ󿪿ڣѾһˣʯ
ǿܾúۣʵӦһ룬ǵЩʲôأһ仹Ȱ˵һɭʱ䣬ӣ
һɱ˲ѪڱƳһ仰ϻصһԶˣҪֻ±ǵĴҪһٱɡ˵Ҳûɱ˲Ѫ㿴㲻ҲѪˣȻҲûɱ㡣
Ͳ϶죬ת˵ȥֵǮģȫһԪʯʣĴָ¶һҺı顣
մ߹ĹˣеĶԹ͵ʣȫó𣿡ͻͷһ㻹Ϳ㡣
ǰɫ棬͵ӳ˽˴ָϽӹֱƳӡһ鿴澹ȻһǧƷԪʯ֮⣬вٵϡ֮ó΢΢һ켴ף϶ǵնɱ֮󣬹Ҫ׸ʸǵģģܶ
ı£ڣǵıأȫ˳бһľԪϵ˵棬ľԪҧһҧˣһһ㶵ģǿľԪ溬еɲһܳܵİóҧˡ
ʱѾˮľԵıоȫֻԡ
깫ҵˣһңҡ
ҶˣһҲ
ҵļѾǴµˣ⣬Ͻʬǰ˵˰ɡʱͽѪ˵ҵˡ
ùöָûҼ˵ȴֶԻʸܿ˵ʶʱĿߡʸܿƵȻָ֪ЦŻصӦΪҲʶʱ񡣡
ûᣬӼҡżҡżҡ
Щ嶼һʶʱ
Щ֮󣬳˵ңǽһˣңѡأ


874 ֻع
תһ䣬֣ڣ
ϽľٶǾǣ׷ױ֮
Ȼһأȴǳ쳣
ϴת䣬ȴһˣסǰ֮·ЩˣȫƽգԽԽ۾ſ־壬ڲͣزЩ档
ǣǶ˰벽
ȻѲ룬ЩпԣдԣԼļܵĳв
ŭ𣬴ӳӿ
ȺжʮԶʱȺͻطɳʮӰֱ˳
ͬʱصжǵĿ꣬ͬ
֤ݣЦ
˲ǵͼһţٽ𵴿ȥҪƵضˣѪ飬аҽУӵϴ˳
ϵ˿Ϊ𾪣ΪǱڵص׵ˣɱУֻߵϰ֪һ֣ȱ㽫ǵɱиС
ʱҲ˻ȥֻƴ£ܹЩʬ塣
ֻϧ˵ȫһʵֵ룡
ǵȷҵˣΪ˼壬ű֮Ķԣ׼ĴУԱ
Ǹ֮࣬ҪԱ֮ʱԤ׵أǵӣ˲ѿһСһСѪ⣬׷Ʈ
ûһԱɹ
Ƕףôġ
ʵܼ򵥣εڿнһɱײɱ˲ǵӡ
ǰûжȺƽճ֣ûΪǣԪתʣµԾնЩƽճͶȥ˸м֮⣬ϼȥһ仰һΪһġ
仰ûʸܿƺһ
һʱ䣬ſڣͬǰӼһҲȫվ棬ûȳ˵˰ɡ֣㽫ָϵݡ
֮ǰĹֻҪ˱أϱ㲻ΪǣЩҲġ
ȻһΣˡ
ϲûȥǵĴָ˵ǽˣҪòҪ£϶Ըĳһְɣɱۡ
ʲôҵģҪǶֵĻвû˵꣬㱻ǹҵʣնɱˡ
ϻص֮ǿߣȱ˲٣ԭмһԴ߷ʽĲͬ˵ȷҪһЩڶڴӴĶǴɴȻӴǿ߾Ͳ١
ԣ׶λûеʶ繷۵ߵԣʳ֣գ֮䣬ͽǰ˸¾һɾ
У϶Żʸܿƣ˵һ仰۾һתҲתʸֱܿëȻ׹ѣﻹţҪֻصĹҲڵأǲҲҪ˶Դң
ɱ¾֮󣬳óһص򸮣ǵѾˣҪģûн˵˵ǰңҵĸڽ꣬ںɽǣǰֻһ֧ѣ𣬸˲ҷֺ
֮⣬빥򸮵ģвУϿûзŹǵĴ㣻Ҫȥ˵ģм壬һЩɣر̫Ԫţ
֮ǰ϶Իʸܿ˵ܿƹ㲻ϲŮˣԣԶ㿼ǿǣ־ڱصãҶкô
˵󣬳ԾնȥϢ֮ʧڻʸܿƵǰʸܿƵüͷҪҪ˵ݵλã߶Ҹ㣬ܳܵס𣿡
ʸܿƲ֪ݵĿģݣǡԳ˵ԽŨԽãԽԽá
ԾڿУʼ̽һĴָ뿴ûСٵ͡ħ޵Ҫҩ鿴ĵһǹңһ̽ʧˣҵĺö٣ȴûżҩ
϶ϣˣϾҶռСȥĶռأ
֪ϣϾȻӼҷһζƳٵҩżҺżҸһζħҩ֣óϺ⣬Ҳܾϲóϲҵõӳձ˺ɣҲǷѾǧ࣬治֪Ӽôõζҩģ˿ǲҪļɣ۴Сȫݷһ飿
ҩ֮⣬ϻռ˽ʮ󷨹űЩűһǲбԴˣûоɥǲбݾҲдã
һ·񱼣߳б֮ʱ
ϵ˺ɽǣϿգûΣԾϿգһ𣺡ĸˣҷϿգ
ϣ


875 մ
ϱԼ֣ɢÿһ˵ĶչҲ⣡
켴۷׷ף
ϣ˭
û˵˭֪Ǵðģ
˭ͣϿգǾֻ·һ
˵Ҳǣ֪гϵģֽô

Щĵλ̫ߣ˿ûϷǸղźˣҼǿǺ׳ϵ˭ʲôĴ˵
ִ˵һ
ϲǻڽԸЩ壬ôô쵽ɽˣҼһǳϽԸմ󣬷Ϊģܸߵͣȫȥλأ
ǣ
˴øɴ࣬ȻҲ׳ֵ
˽ӵһɵˣʵϾʲôȻ󣬻Σӡ
ʲô˵ȥλأ
ʲô˾ţȴ˵λһעҪˣò
ܿ죬մˣ
һƬ⣬ֱ죬γɴƬƣǡ
ϼ֣һף֮󣬳ЦҾȻ˴ұеĻǿӦҲһˡ
˵ţǰһһɨŹκϸڣʱĳϣ粻ǵһ޵ʱĲΪݳΪڲ´оɱ󣬳е󷨿ɲ٣ɱսȵȵȵȣֻҪܽӴģᾡȥĥһͨ͸
ˣڳϵĳ˿֮£ЩʶʮŸۣɹأؼ汸ԶнԪ֮ˡ
üͷ΢壬֮⣬ƺиܾ۴һĹʽ
Ҽմƽеʯͷ΢΢£룬ϾҪƽմ󣬲ҲҪˣλٳ֣ض޹ˡҼȫȻ벻ϽĽһ߰˰ˡ
ʱҼüͷȴϹûϵôҪҾʮմҲסĹ
뵽ЩҼкǲˬ˵ҪһӶҪúĥ㣬֪ңǶôء
Ͽšմ󡱣˵ʱ䣬Ǻú棬ֻϧҵʱֻܽñһ㣬ˣһҵġԻжǿ
£ɢʥɷϢһһ˽ȥͷųԽԽʢʱƬƣɶ
ʮ룬ԻѤöϻһۡ
ϵΪȫҼһ˿ҼͿЦ˵Բȭͷʲôòƽմ󣿺ߣ㽫ҵĽմֽĲɣСֻѻʯ
ҼʥɽһȭȻ˵仰ϧûС
䣡
Ҽ˵꣬һ㴫˳ǸۣϾ޴÷飬մ󡱶
ôˣʲô£ôͻȻҡˣ˵ﴫ˳Ҽһ𣺡ܣǿĽմôܱһȭʹƣղŴۣô֪󷨣
ʥɷںȻҲﵽʱ䣬ղһȭҲһǧŽʮѣУҵĻ𣬸պÿ˽𣡡
˵ţ˫ȭԻйÿһȭϣҼ𾪵ǶʱѾ˶ʮۡ
ǰϲʱķѵʱѶȣҲӣΪϾǺҺۻȥ
۱ƣеĽƣѾõֵҲԽԽС
ʱҼŷӦҪǼóϽȥմˣ󺰵ͷŽ죬ռ
ͬʱ̸š˭λ棬оմ󡱵䣬ϽƹضηСҷ
չصλ棬ûϵĴ˵Բ˺
Ŷծġϱڶʮۣߵ˵


876 
ծģ
λЩͷ˭˴󵨣˱ʽɽծ
һߺȵϷ򲻹ʲôģϷչأҽˡһҲǸϽ͡
ԭһհƣжʱˣ϶δͣЦ׳գҪװúţҪԼûţʵ㲻ǵѾ챻˵չҾǹģҪ㣬Ҫնɱ㡭
桭
˵ŵʱҼҲڴ󺰣λѣ˵һ³Ͼʲôͷֻϧλעڳϣ˵Ǿ仰òȻŭø֪ߵغСӣҿڳԣҪնɱϷϷҷ𣡡
ڳԵ㣬˵ģǽһǧһӸǣҲɱңȭۣȻ鵽ڶʮ˸
ЦϷ򲻸ɱ㣬Ϸھɱ㣬ռ֣
棬Ϊһ˵ȷͦߣһǸ߽ۣһнۣ˵ƢЩнۣ䣬մʼؼԪǽԪԪ󶼻˽Ԫ
մĹܣֻ֪ҪյļһǻЦݣΪǸڴ󽫾ƣҲų۵ΪӾ﷢չļ壬ʵۺһۡ
ŸпϵһƬѾ籩£˲ƱɽնͬʱմһɫļȻ
նûȥͽӲֻǽߡʩչ״̬Ľ֮䴩󣬼ͣšմ󡱵ۡ
ٶȣһȭһۣλĿӿ֮У۵ĴƣֻռҲӰ졣
УСʵͦҾͨ󷨣ռֱӽռһ֣¡
Ÿ߽Ϊ˵ռʱƿնȥӰѹɱڡ
ϿռֱβΪ֪֧ռи֮ЧռҪôĿɱҪôƵ޵ֽ
ͣΣǼĽնʱҲն֮ʱռףһ̽ȴץռ
л٣ռҲץģнۼ˵͵ſϵЦ
ǣֻˡ
գռٲǰֺץһһ󾪣߽ȵ֣
нۼһѰ׳ıȵ䲻㣬Ϸ㿳նһ߽ʩչһƬ籩ײϡ
Цݲ䣬ȴռǹӡںעռϣռն籩ϲʮʱϽռ˳ȥ˵ǣ
ռ͸նн۵ķţȻռнȥ
Ҫ䵽ϣͻоմ
˵մ۱ʮǽմûлȥڣռմؼҪǸۺ󣬽մ±ꡱѿ
ˣ
ռߵǽϣ岻ͣѪûȻǳϲھ
нΪ棬۾ȫֵ𾪣ڣҲûлصù֪׷ʲô£нۣǿߵĴڣôͱһðأ
һз̫ͻȻռ֮Ѿսȭͷֱӭǽ籩治аӣѪڽ籩ϣʵʮɣߵҲߵĵز
ʱǽ籩ʮףһֱʮףȫɽɷ籩Բ򣬳ϵȭͷ֮ȫ΢΢Բơ
ԲҲγԲ״籩Ļ乥ӦӲСѾӿʮ岨ʥɷϢɢںһ𣬺ƺƵѹССȭͷϣкǧ
籩ȭͷҪײһܵļѹѾꡱ̶ƿҲܵӰ죬÷ɳʯ
ʱһҾ徵˽Уƿ


877 ǿˣ
ҽǴн۵ĺġ
нڻعˣԼôһ״˲״ȫܽܣǰһ붼߸ϣһȴǵ䳾
ҽ֮ңֱͬΪ߽ۻһ̶ޱȣתͷȥȥ鿴Լ˵ʲôһ״ǣԳϵѹаֲأǿֻǿ˭ʲôҪı£Ҫɱ㣡
ģϷʣ棬˽ң˳
ң
⼸ԺоԼȫȻҵȨƲСҲʵǲǣһұȻ㲻ȴҲǸûȣ澪ǳôܣ
ûʲôǲܵġ
ǳƾʲôңɱˣϽת˻⣬ʳϣһ֣ףǰ˲ɱҲɱõģ˵ڶߵĲҽУʲһԣ׼һͷ㲻˳ϣҲҪشĴۣ
ƾʲôҼΪʲôҪҳң򸮣ɱҳ棻˵ƾʲôɱ
һӾͱѩһαչأȻ飬ϳǲ
Ȼ˵ʲôȻȳϻ˵һȭ
ϾǿߣסѹʣսңΪһץסռһȭϷĽ籩
ааһЦ
䡪䡪䣡
죬ȴǳʩչԻ𡱣֣ⱬУ̺ǡػơȭ⣬һθһ͡
ϣȫܿƵس־֮ɫʮ׵ġ籩ˮһκˣڵϣ˶֮һɽ֮Уײһ˰׸ߵĴɽŶܽ˰״ɽٵ
ǣܵġ籩ϳһֻССȭͷʱܽɱѪƬֻȭͷˡ
ǵģ籩ˣĻҽӰ١
νһʮᣡ
򱬡籩󣬳ûˣȴǼ棬˵ڣ˵ܲһȭ򴩣
𾪣Աһԣɫʱ԰ޱȣ壬ôܺ͡籩ȣһȭ򱬡籩Ȼһȭ򴩣Ǵ塣
䡣漱ǣϽŵ̬ϧ˵ģȫȻãϻصǰɱҵʱô˵䣿㻻ҵλϣŹ𣿡
߿ˣֻ߰ҪŹңҪʲôҶӦΪΪԼΪңû߽ҵĵλȻһǧɣᱻ̲Ӵ˺󣬴ҡ
ϴʵɱҵģɲֻǸƵģɱˣֻϧѧղûɱˡ
ƺϵһ仰ȴףŹģȻãҲټҪ۾ֳ֮︡ɫʼԱвȥֻǣЩԥųһˣôӦԳɱ¾
ûһ𰸣Ѿȭͷ͵ȭͷֱеķţ˵ﴦһɭȻѪ
Ԫڳϣ
áݣ
³֣Ҳ֧̤ڿУֱȥ
̶ʱڣҽ󱻻٣汻ðĽµ˶ɵˣǴûȻôһ
Ҽﷴ߶ŵģǡˡ֡
ϴӿл£Ҽ˵뱣סǵǾͽҵıأԪʯڵҩ󷨡ȵȡ
˵ͬʱѾΪߵһЩҼȻϧھԵǰûоʱȨ⣬Ըȥ
Ƭ֮󣬳Ŵȥңûеõٵħҩõʮ౾󷨣һıǽմ
ûж˿ͣλ˵ڣǿˡ
ųϻһ䣬λ棬ͷ֣ۣ˹ȥֻһƳԾձһҡ
ծڼ


878 ڵ³̫Ԫ
ͣʱ䣬̣Ƕ˵ȴһ籩ʽѣҴһ̱һ׵׵ˣⲻҪģҪΪ֧ǿŴѾ
һ֮£ѣ
ӰʧˣҵˣǰĽȻһΣ֮ΰĽȻǸ߸Ҳܹҵıӻ֮£ɽǳưԡ
ǣǶԼִִҧʹ࣬ȷԼУ˹֮ǰģһû䣬ʬޱȡ
һ̣Ҽһ˫ȭͷý֣һŭ֮ɢһɺڣƣ֪˺ôҲȥǻˮɱ򸩣Ӧ
ҼںʱȺһӵͻشôˣԴСҲܹԴСҾͲųҵÿһ˶ôʲôûˣŵĲ´ЬģڴôҵǾȥںɽǵĵ̸ˡ
һϯܾйƻ˲˵Ѫԣ׷׸ţ˵öԣƴ˭˭Ҵ򲻹Щǿߣܹնɱһһ򲻹ǿһһ
ɣҪ
һһҪҵĻҼĶҼȴ޷ᣬôӴ󣬾ǲڰܸҴٵʧɾ˲˳ҵĽǣĽҲֻȫ
һվҼǰҲҪңǡָ³ӾͱըˣѪ꣬ǡ

ҼһĻ˺ʮûȵסΣ˵ϡ
ţȺﴫۡһĻһĻѪ꣬չ˵˾㱻ŵľϸȥԱѪģȫǸղ˵ҪȥҵѪ֮ˡ
Щ̫죬Ҽɲ²ѵû뿪ڰмӣ˶뷨ҪȻôЩҪ֮ˣ
ͻ֮ȫĬˣûһ˸˵ȥңڵľȻȷЩңǣǻš
ͬʱѿ񱼳ǧ֮ĳϣ߶ţϣǧҪǧҪѪڣǾˡԤҵıԸΪϵߣȫġ
ϼ򣬽Գҳֵļ壬ȫһ飬ȻҲûһԪʯ
С岢ûǵСһϴϲûгٵͷħҩƷٵÿ󷨹űҲֻһȴģ
Щ崦꣬Ѿ賿ʱ֡
ٴ̣̫Ԫš
̫Ԫڣ̫ԪУ뼯̫ԪŵΪĳϣΪţ߽۵̫ϳϣһֻ̤𾳽Ϲ
Щˣ̫Ԫǿ̫ԪŰڳ˺Ĵֻ̣һˡϣ
Ϲ֮˵ǰֻ̤𾳽磬Ϊ𾳽ʱ⣬˵һΪȴԶͣ˽ڴԲ֮䡣
˵Щٲ࣬ȴҲã磬ǰʥţΪϹѹ̫Ԫ֮£
ϹײɽԳ򣬸һأŷŭ̫ԣ㷢ӳ𣿻ȥң̫Ԫ
̫̫Ԫ˵֣һűָյȴаַֻܹԹԵţȻϹ֮ػصʦǲǳϹԶ𣿡
ԶӿԶˣҪã̫ԪžͲⳡˣϹһ㶼ûҲ˵ȷʵǳŭ𾳽ǿߣôɱҪôɱͳˣõŵȽ죿
ʦȥˣΪҲ̫ߣͼн׵ʣӦò鲻ɣ
ΪߣΪǴײ˰Ҳ鲻ûеõǵϢɳһС壬˳㼸ʳһ鲻ΪѪǸһƨ˼𣿡
̫Ըͨ죬ʦǸϣôûϢˣ᲻Ѿˣ
׳հ㣬̫Ԫű˹ˣӱ˴ɱˣ᲻żƨֲ׷ˣϹԽԽݡ
Ϲ䣬һӴϢǰϢĵӣҲнʣ̫ޱΣǰæʵƣгϵϢ𣿡
ˣյõϢǸѾɽҸˣ
ʱһļž


879 
ҸˣϢʵ̫ɫ䣬Ҳнմ𣿲ǻΪôôʱͱˡ
Ǹ˻ûлشϹȶ̫ԺΪ˼ͷ˼Ҿ𣿡ϹҲ̫ʲôò룬ʵôģ
棬Ϣƣֱȭͷ˽մĶʮദۣųֿȭץס˽մＤռ󣬽ռΪãһҶ棻ţһȭҴʮ׿Ľ籩

С
뵹ͬʱ̫ԪУۻʣӶʼˣϹҲǳĬκ˵Ҳӿ϶ôɣһȭˣСʲôģ
Ϲӵ˵ôһ仰ʵĽ
еĲﶼչһգЩҪȥҳұģܹأԱѪ⣡Ϣ˵Ҹûð㱨ͷ
úݵСӣȴأЩӵθڡϹ˵ţбһ̫ԣŭڡһˣ֪ǳʲô𣿻Ͻȥ̫ԪеĻȫ̫ԪУСȡ¡
֮ǰ̫ϹеĺϹ̫ԪеĻó̫Բˣ˵ʦ̫ԪŲңô۸ģǰұƼˣҡ
ҪôҪѧ¥Ȼٱ̤ƽ˼˸ɸɾϹ˵ų̫ɫһ죬ѵ˾̫Ԫ𣿡
ƨֻҪڣʲô⣬Ҫ˶ûˣߣɲɣ
УҲĸԸؽȥֻһˣôˣѵʹ򲻹һЩ۲УѵʦҲ𣿡
̫ԱŭˣϹﶢ̫ԣһ仰˵һʱ䣬̫ԪеЩ죻ǡʱһ˵ʦ棬Ѿ賿ˣˡ
ϵĻ䣬һ̫ԪУϣǰݷ̫Ԫţ
ˣ
̫ڣȫһϱûа취ϵʵ̫ʢˣ
ϹȴһЦͻͷĿϬ񽣣ǳϣǳǻ֪ԼôֿԣͬʱԹϣ粻ٲƫƫ˵Ǿ仰ʱĿǲɣ
ϹĿ⣬ٴ̫Եϣ˵ˣ̫Ԫŵˣȥӭһ𣿡
ӭӭһδɵСӣ̫ԸԼž켴˵ɽ̫ԪŵĻɽɲֶ󣡡
˵ֶ̫̫꣬ϳϵ˵ʦ壬ҳȥҵҪϣǲͷűָۣҽ̫ԪΣ
ϹλûжϹ֮⣬е˶̫˳ȥ߳ȥ֮ʱ̫ԪŵĻɽȻ˵ǻɽʵҲ̫ԪڵһɽɽȴǰҲûлš
ʱ̫Ԫһε֣УһŻһһˣ룬ǳɣ
˵̫ԪŲӭҵĵ
̫ԵѪӿؽ꣬ةฮƽˣȥʯӽ֣кüķ¥ûˣȥʥɽʥûˣ㵽ɽǣһˣ̫Ԫţ˭һӭĵ
ʵҲܲģѾһˣ۵òˣǣֲò˵Ҫ򸮵棬û̫ԪŵĵӣǸöã˵ۣʮһ۵ӣеֻ˷ܡ
û˷ܣ
Ͻһջ񣬼ֱȷе㣬ջû꣡
̫ҪŻ˵ˣһһ£˵ʥŵľ̫ԪţҲ֪ҸʥһϵһòݿǾҪնģȻպ鷳ǿɲãԣҪǽľأ͸Ͻľｻ
̫ԪûľľѾˡ
ģһʣʵҲţ˿ľ̫ԪţҲûгȥˣҪľû̫Ԫڣҽһѡ

̫ԿЦ˵˰죬㲻̫ԪҪȥôڣѣԣȵÿûб½
һɽʲô˲ģսȭͷ


880 Ƴɽ
ʲô˲֪ˡ̫һߣ̫ԪŵĻɽ󣬽ɹ˿ɷԴΪľΪһĸ漰ƾ㣬ڶʱ֮ƳɽǾԲܣ
һ£̫ԪĻɽܹܶѹʮ
̫۾һת˳ϵͼ켴Цʵ󣿡
ʲô𣿡
ôһشǸϡ̫ϳϣǿЦǱģûһ˽Ϸֻ̫ԪеϹĿϬ
棬̫Ի˵ΪԵĻҵĽܹƳֱЦ̫ԪɽϣɽҰдеľΧŨľԪʱضԲģľ𣬻ԪҲΪɽ󲹳֮⣬ƷԪʯУ£˵Ϣ޾󣬲Цʲô
ҪһˣȻЩƷԪʯģǾͿϧˣĵǱ˵ģǾˣǣЩҵԪʯѾ̫ԪŵĲﱦһ࣬Լ֮
̫һɫѿΪһ仰͸˼ȫûаѻɽû̫ԣ̫Ԫŵ˷һһ׼ɣ
ڽʮ߲ʥɷһﵭ˵£еˮҲԴԴϣһնˣɺˮԴԴϵ
һ仰̫Ե˶˵Ҳ۾һжԳǱܵķУܵıģϣƲ˴ԣ򲢲̫
ϹȴǱĿ˼һ֮˵СӶ󷨵򣬾֮ԣ󷨣
Ͼǰ޹ˣߣһƵ̫ԪŵĻɽ
ˣѹǵڶʮʮѹ룬Ǿ϶ˣʥɷڵĸ죬Ѫ󣬡Ȼʹ֮Уȴܹܡ
Ի֮ʵ̫Ӵ󣬳ӿ䵱˻ͼʮȫʥɷ֮󣬳Ϻȵ̫ԣ㿴ˣɽ󣬸ҡƣ
Уһȭ̫Ԫ
ȥķ̫ɫѾÿˣΪɽۣ̫Ԫ
䣡
ȭͷڽӴɽĻ˲䣬ȭͷ̺ŵͬХһ㣬к̫ԪеϹ۾صţţ˰һǧǡ
ţǲϣѹһһѣȴ̫˲ͳܲסˣˣ
̫ƶƲ˵ĴȴϵȭͷһϢûеס
˾޴̫ȫܲˡ
ȴûйô࣬Ƴɽ֮󣬳ϲûͣ£ȴǼ̫Ԫ̫Ծеס֡
ס֣Ҿס֣ǲҲ̫ûˣϲᣬ̫ȴٴκס֣ҪʲôҶӦ
̫֮˵֣Ϊܵ˳ϵʵ̫ǿǰ᲻Ϊ⣬Լʶ˻ɽѣ̫Կʼţһȭȥ̫Ԫ˵ͻˣ̫Ԫۣһ٣⵱ʦĴˡ
ң֮⣬̫Ԫ̫ԪŵڣӶ˺ˣ̫ԪԺô죿
̫Բûϣȫڳϣת̫Ԫʦֹס̫Ԫܱ٣̫Ԫŵǧˣ
̫Ԫڣ̫Ϲ޺˵ǧˣĴƨǰ˵ʲôԹ׳㲻ǳˣҪӲƨɣвӣǻˣ˦ֲˡ
˵ô˵Ϲﻹǳ֣ͷųԼǴϢѹԾ˵СӣһȰ²Ҫ̫
Ϣ񲻶ԣܲϸоϹϢ죬ֹϢҲûʱ˵ϢѵҲǷ۵ֲҩûȫ̤𾳽磿
ţԺͻеȴֲⲻ̫ǿս˱ŰǱŰ
Ȼȵӣӽӣ


881 Ϲ
Ӱӣ
仰ӳ˵ϹҲһ㶣켴Ц˼ǰӣӵҪûʸӳӣ
һһġӡ㽫̫Ե˸ˣҲ΢΢һʦ֣̫ԪӦûˡ
ϹͷŵѹԳ˵ȫһôûС
ϱݺݵŰʱн۷ѹϹûнȫѹǿÿɲֹһʮٱ
һϹѹûйˣͺñһӦ˸һٽĳȴͻȥһصĶʲôѹڣ
ϹҲɲǼ׹ȥʲôѹȴǼǽ֮֮мųϵȭͷȥ
ҲתĿ꣬ٹ̫ԪĿ껻ϹϹĽڡ򳡡֮Ķϲѣ˷غӴһȭ
Ϲ￴ϵ˷ܾһ飬˵ɣôоСһʮķأʱ򣬻Ҫ輸ٱ
ûעƿһȭȥ
䣡
ײмһܣ
ǹɺ֮ӿ롰򳡡УϹġ򳡡ʱȣҪ飡
ϹľѣֱȵСӣղһȭж
࣬Ҳһǧ˰Ұɡ
ŴһԣϹֱ۶һǧ˰ﻹࣿ
Ȼˣⲻײ򳡶ûƵôܽжأЦ˵ѾϹѹϹ˱ߺСӣһȭ˻ɽĲ֮ǲ֮ôܣҪǵһȭӴӻ𣿡
飡
ϽϹڵأϹſڵϣûӰ£ſڵϵϹǸЦݡ
̫Ե˿һĻԺҲ𾪵ò֪ʲô̫Ԫŵ֮ˣһȭſˣ
ʦǶ֣˭Ķ֣̫ԼɺҪʦĻͺˣô졭
ˣװˣɣղһȭûнӡ˵һ仰̫һ켴ϸŭɫϹȴûһڵͦʬӴӴ˵ӵŸˣô
治
Ӻɷ˵ͲϹ˵ôȻܶԸˣϹʵôǿƤ˭ģǵһμҲЦˣȥ̫Ԫˡ
˵ţһȭӡֱײ̫Ԫϣ̫Ԫһҡڡ
ϹﻹûлţֻһӴӴĽţϹﲻţ̫ȴŵòٻˣһֺɸֵ˵ʦֹڲ̫Ԫ
̫Ԫƨ¶㲻㲻˵СӣҪÿҪֹԼֹȥˣˣôֹ
̵̫òУֹģҲֻˣԣ̫ԲòʦǰҵĴҲòʦĻʦ㡭
ƨӲһףˣҲܣϹ˵ţ̫ɫɺٱ࣬Ҫɫʱ˵ǡ
ʲô̫ԾץסˮץסһݣϽ
Ϲȴû˵ȴǽ˫Ÿһ⡣
˿̣϶ϹȴЩȤˣɵģԼɱ˹ǸǺɱȥϹȴǲһ¶㡣
ʦ
Ϲ̫ԵθڵòˣƵ˵Ǹӷż٣ȥ

ش𣬶ЦԷǡ
̫ȴصܣ
̫ԣ˵㶮ʦصӿĴʦһ˼ңӸ̫ԪѾüˣûйҲпͣǷӼٶС
ʦһȥͲǼ飬϶Ǽʮ겻ӰҪ̫Ԫųʲô£ô죿ѵԸ̫ԪŵĻҵ𣿡
ϹǱץסʹһһӲ˵˭˵ģ˵ǼǼꡣ
̫԰ڳһŵӣܾǲܡ
ӴûˣӱСӴֻʣˣӡϹ̫ԵĻش𣬺ܸɴؽһ̯ˡʹڵϹȥ
̫ԪһȫޱȣҸطȥ
ʱϹͻ˵СӣӺܿ㣬ʵҲǿʮ̫ԼҲĶ֣̫ԪŵţȻٷӼ٣ȥ棬ô
Ϲ̫ŭ
Ҳһ㶣˵ٸǰӣӾԶȥҲû棡


882 һ
ϵȣϹ˵ϡ
ȻϹֻ˵һϡ֣ġӡȴ͵˻ȥת˵Ժ󡭡˵ˡϹһί˵꣬ͷ̫Ժϵģʶ̧٣Ӹղ˵ĿǾ֮ƣ룬Ҫɷǵ̫Ԫŵţ̫ԪŵĲﰡذ̫ԪȫסˣңƾСӵʵ̫ܽԪˣ̫Ԫ֮½֪һ±£ֶΪ
̫һһһȻ֪ʦЩڳˣû뵽ʦȻ˵Ļ˵ģôһ¶ǣôó̫Ԫŵ֮λ
鵽һˣ̫һҧһݣ˵ʦǳֽ˸ߣ׼֮٣
ģ
֮
˵ڵ˰죬ˡϹһԾ̧ͷͦأȻؿųϣһһȥµؿϹ
֪߳ϹͻӣһǫЦݣ˵λСֵܣ㿴ϡҲĶ֡
ûô֪ҵĶ֣
ǸղŲǶһȭ𣿡
ղ㲢ûоȫһƣ̫ԱϹҲһ㶣Ц˵Ǵ򲻹ģҪŹңɽȻȥ˵Ĳ

̫ԲѪˣû뵽ʦȻ⣬ԱߵĳϺ̫ϳҲǺղѡ
ȴ˵ɣҪҴſ£̫ԪҵĶԹһʹɽ̫ԪŵİԪʯ
˵ţϹһײһȣ򣡡Ϲٶ֮죬֮ͣҰյʱ൱ȷ򳡡֮Ҳޱȣ϶һ˲
ڳϾԵĶħѵʱѾϰ͵ϮܷӦ൱һ˿ɱȣԣϹġʱءȭʮӿ
СֱϹġСһε
վǽסˡ
ϹһģͰѼˣûá龪֮ϹָֻҪСӸɽȥӾܳȥϷ˼ˡ
ϴڡ򳡡УȴûлȥƣһΪһΪ֣ľֻ˫򳡣Ҳ
Ϲ￴˿ȻӣȵСӣЩûãЩľҲɱ㣿
ûлشȴǽǰĻ˵ϹղŵĶԼˣ㱻ſˣ͸һ꣡
СӣӸһ
ô˵
ӲӦأ
ӦģʵڲӦֻԶ治ˣ̫ԪŲʥŵĺ󳾣棬в
̫ԾǰһĻʵ̫ڹ죬һΪСӣȻвһֻ̤𾳽ǿߣƫƫû˾ΪС˵Ǵ󻰡
Ϲ˵Сӣôӵ򣿡
򣿾ãҲҳ֮Ϊ򣿡
Ϲﲻһ˿졣
Ц
˵ţһǧȭͷ籩ȥ̶ʱڣҳϰȭϹš򡱣ľһͣطսɱϣȵȡԪԪֻгûнӾͲţ޾Զò꣡
ЩֱӣصҵȷʵҪö㹻ġ
ҪӵӾ͸һ꣡
ˡ
ȣʼ˲ʮ岨ʮ˲
ϹоѹҲǱΪȼȫԪǿš򡱵ͬʱϹһ̫ԪɽɽҰľȫһ̺ľԪȫϹӿͬҲ϶עڡ
еľɱͻȻóϸоʹ
Ͻѹʮ
ʥɷ棬Ԫ
Ҫ书һۣ
ԽԽʢ̫ԵҲʼ˺󣬱˻ʦܻܲһսֳ̫Ķ̫ʹ̫Ԫ١
Ϲ̫ԣһսģվ˵Ϲһֻۡδڣɫ䣬ӿѪ
һӡ𣬡ƣ
켴ѵġꡱ̶ڳͷųĿֲ֮£Ϲġ򡱺Ƴһűֽ


883 ĺô
򡱳һƬֽһȭ£ûһ㷴ֱƬֽҵ÷飬Ϲ򡱣ںһըһ˿һƵĺۼ£·ûгֹһըҲȻֹ
ûûгĽɳʯҲûгʧ𣬳㱻꼰
еĹȫ޶Ϲġ򳡡Χڣһ˿ûйɢȥ
ˣϹ￴ųϣ˵һԼġı˼ˣǡ򳡡Ƶ˸ɾˮ
̫ǻûӦ̫Բͣţʦˣˣǽô죿
ϷˣһҪв
ʱϹ̿ˮع˵Сֵܣϡ
ѵ˸ղŵĶԼ𣿡һʣϹһͣһƨڵ˵ҵȻû̫ԪҲˣһҲһѡ񡣡
ʦ̫Իˣ̫Ԫŵǿȥˣ̫Ԫô죿
Ȼ̫ԸոպͱϹˣ֪дʦˣǰϹﲻǺˬ˵㲻ںˣɼˣء
ҵʱܽûȤǵļ¶֮ڣûеУǰ̫ԪҲˡ˵ţһ½ţһţ̫Ե˱оٰ㡣
̫ԻϹ۾ǻҪƴһµĿ⣬ϹﾶֱһƸȥȵϵģϽȥ̫ԪŻҵ
ʦǻԡ
̫ԣǧ⣬СӸղʹģֶΣҪԼĻӾԲ㣡Ϲѵһ¡
̫ԻڿţʵǲģֽʱϷˣķӡ
Ǳ̫һȭͷ˵еĶ
Ϲһ̵ۣɵһֻҪڣʵڣЩ֮ûһˣ˵ڸ죬ûкô𣿡
϶Ϲһ죬Ȼкôĺô
ŶʲôôϹȤˣǲǿôô棿
ϵ˵˵İ볡һ򣡡
ʲôûƭӣϹһӼˣӡٳڣӻɽкһ͵ȥϲֱһߣϹߵõɶȥϹֵ˵˵ģ״̬ѾϰˣԹ취С
˲УҲС
Ϲ۾һתһȭڵϣ˵ãֻҪղ˵ģҾٸһʲôҾʲôҽ̫Ԫ⣬Ҳüͷ
㽫̫Ԫŵĵӣɱأ
ȻˡϹһй㲻ɣ
ֻҪú£ֻҪ̫ԪŲҪͿ¡
ģ˭£ԴϹظ˵
ʱ̣Ͻӹöָһ̽۾һ˿ϲŲɫ˵һҪһЩǰѰһ£ҵһ㹻棡ǽ콻Ķûȥ
̫Ե˾ϲʵҪʲô
ϵӣ˳ٵħҩһЩѰ֮̫ԸϽӦԸȥ
󣬳ϾʹϹˣϹ뿪̫ԪŵʱǸ˵òˣ̫ԪŶ˵·֮أһ
ӴˣɣƾԾӵĴ˵һι硭ϹﺿһʵȥĶ
ţ
ãȥ̫ˣı࣬ҪǸҲһһȫˡϹӼ
֪ϹдʲôС˼̫Ԫ˥ˣŵȻҪ˥ȻĻ̫ԪŽᱻúԶڴˣҲûȥᣬҪģһߣ˳㻹һֶѣϲҪϹȭҪϹоĥֳ
⣬ҲûϹｻѪƣΪϿϹ϶̫ԪźܲˬҪԸ̫ԪţǾǲܵģ̫Ԫ֮⣬˵ʲôϹﶼһüͷˣϾؽ֮ǿ൱ջ
һζٵҩζħҩ̫ԪŵĻۣȻϣҲҪʧϽҩյúúãҲһ⣬Ȱݷ֮󣬳ϻȥųϢҪЩϾһ˵ȥѰʵЩѣһжǿɾͲһ
ٶȶܿ죬㵽ɽţϹͷӴˣϽӭӡ


884 ֿ죬ѵ
Ϲ̫ԪɽȥϷ̤𾳽İֻҲϹٵ䣬һΪŭʹߵɽϴ˳
ͷ𣿡
Ϲ˵ţѾӰƿնϹΧм䣬ɨۿȥ۾һݣüһ˽ǴԲ۾ǿߣ
˿ϣҲһ㶣ɫ仯Ȼ֪ν֮˭
ϹЦλһϮɫ·˵ͷô˵㲻Ұɣ㣬ӿǷ٣ʶ࣬ϽеıضһԪʯˣϵ·Ҳһ
죡
ͷߣȫûнֻſ𾳽Ϲȴһȭ˵֮£¾һ˳֡
֪
ʲô˼
ľ
ͷһ㶣ЩСǲȥģϽŴţƬ֮ͷ˵ľȷʵѾˡ
ͷ˵˾ˣôûпҪȥһѣ
ϹŭϷ򡣡
Ӵͷ˾͸ӵҪһϣӲӡϹѧϰǿֱ֮ǰ˵Ļ˹
Ҳ˼ͷ˼ֲãЦҪȥŷġ
ϴúǆ£ֱӽǴſ£ǻŲǸݵֻʣƤͷ˵תͷȥ˵ҲգҪȭͷ˵ģǾȴһ˵ɡ
˵ţϸɴض֣һȭֱߴȥͷ״æȵ󣡡
ڣ㻹벼󣿲ĴȥɣϹͷ֣ʣһߣҲϹȥͷѾϱסҲæȵ϶ȥֻҪסˣϹһӦ
϶ͷϽϳȥ
ʱľѣһ˲ѾʩչʮֶΣȴȻסֻȭͷĴУֻȭͷҷܾɢ
ֻȭͷʲôģţһȣ϶Ѿվߣһͬƴ֣ڵס˳ϵȭͷ
ȭǰһһݣγԱȵˣе˼
˼ƨϷӣоղŶݺ˵϶˵ϷҪӣ
ɴӣұӵˣ
ã
ֵӼȡһһһһնһЦȻҪҾͲˣǻһ
˵ţʩչߡֻתԪֻתԪԵԽӲƴȥ
һ㶣ͬʱ¶Цݣ浶ͬʱƵԪֱ
ն죡
أ
˲䣬ܱȥ
ֿ죬ѵأϵʹ似ǽʦĿʮʽʹ似ѵصʮʽ似ԳڵʵʩչܺƴǷ

ʱͽӵĵââ˸飬ΧĿռ䣬ҲǴ첻ѣ
ͬʱնֲͬԵ似˴󾪣æȵն켴˵Ӱתٶ֮˷ֲ˭ӣ˭ӣǵתǵâ뽣âȻཻתϵеЩơ
۾һ˵ѵصʮʽ£似ںֲǵǽ
ȥ
תӽǻһĨ֮Цһ˲䣬ǹ֮Цͱ˾ſ־֮ɫʹذҪ
ֿԵģ治ģЦ˵
ԭӰзΪóѣȴûϵ˳ϵġУֻգۼ䣬ӵ˸⣬ɫ԰ףǵġնҲϸѵصʮʽնҲһֱºȥ
䣡
ǹֱܾһɽͷƽˡ
¡ըԱߵͷһ飬ϹץסᣬȥﻹȵͷӴܣ㻹Ҵ⣡
ٴλͷӣ˵ͷȵ

϶Ϊһ֮һɭϢֱסܸǾˡ
ҪǿһͺˣϳѹڻԪȭȥϹպһ߿Ц˵óһ𣬻óһȭġ
ϹĻû˵꣬һžըϹתЦͷû˵ɡͷɫܲƣͬʱ𾪡
һȭǵ֮ȭͷûͣ£ǿըȥ
㱩ֶӣͷȣȴϹϵãΣֻǱ򡭡
ڣͣס֡
Ѫɢǰģһӣһӡ
ֻӵУõǽӵУյȴǵ


885 ʥ
ýӳֵ
ȴ˵һս֮ӱӣӱӣ
֣ҶҪ֣
϶ݣҶҪݣ
ͬʱ֮󣬸еһգʱڵʵòȻˣƷ׾Ժܸߵıڿգ󾪽гҲҪ֣
ҲҪݣ
һߣϹͷֹͣƴսͬؿӣ˶ǿߣһʱ㿴˵ġ֡롰ݡ򵥣
֮ϹֿЦͷӣӣӿ԰æҪһ֣һݣ
ͷɫһϮӳ֮£ԵںڣȻͷ˵ϹǱҵģ
ͷӱƹ㣿ѵˣӵʱ˼ҵʱôչģ˲֪ӻ֪ҪҪķṦΰ˵
ͷϹ˵ȥѾӴָȡһ˷һӣϹ￴ӣӰһ˳ߣ˵ŵ֮ȣ˵еʥķ̵ģҪȣͷǰŲѡ
ʥ𣿡
ž⣬ΪֹʥķһǰȣһǵھеĺУ˵֮ȷھеĺУֻһαʥҪȻƾǵʵҲ¡
߾ʥڳķѾʥˣǲ˵Ҳڣţȣ֪ȣǲʥ
ʲôԶסεķ𣿻ֶΣϹȻʵ۾һУ˵ʲô˼
Ϲﻹûлشϵ⣬ͷѾ˵Լߣߣ
ţ
ȻǰʲôǣͷȷţֵǲԼˣֻͿˡ
ȣͿͣ
ͷһȣһȣʱһɿ糯Ϲȥ벻֮£Ϲﾶֱγ
ȳס֮ϵ֮ɫǰŨ𾪵ȣ𾪵ȳĿ磬磬Ƿ磬Ȼзʩչ磡
ȳ粻ôһȣҲȳ磬ǣȳķ磬ǽȳ￪⣻һ𾪣ƽһֱѰšν硱̽š硱ȴ˼š
ôˣϹǰʵûֱߡʩչ٣þȫűȥϹ￴ųϵٶȣĿ࣬켴ϽȥﻹֹӣƺǰȣڱصãҪͷӣǡ
ţһȵ壬ɫ԰ףȻղһȣٵԪ϶˻ûдӡӡлع忴ԶһأӦ֪Ѷ˰ɣ
䣬оһǿϢűһϽͳҩ̷ɫúʱǸǿϢ¶
ȴǳϡ
𾪣ٶȣȻô죬ղһȣٽȳŶʱ䣬͸˻
оȣȴȵ㵽ʲô
һá
Ȼȵܣ
ûһܣ
޿ܣ
Ҹۣܣ

ִſۣǧƷԪʯ
֣һȴӲ˵Σ
һٿʮһħڵ
У
ӳĵҩ
۾͵رˣһһҪռΪеʼӿ뵽ǿߣ̿ˮǿѹǹҡҡͷ
ʱͳһѴָ˵죬Ҵӷ¥ʥšҡҡ̫Ԫŵȵм塢ıأҳҵıȫЩָԸһУ㽻ȣ
һ仰Դֱӷˣʥš̫ԪǴ֮ҡǴ壬з¥ҵȵȸеıأһ𣬾ж٣
Լ˵ҿ϶ЩؾԿԽŶƷԪʯˣĺʼˣǹҪбռΪеҲѹƲסҵȼ
ܽЩָ˼ת


886 
̰ģֻҪ㹻档
ǧƷԪʯܶȻ˵ټһٿʮһħڵ廹˵ӳĵҩ廹˼ɣϵؾܾˡ
ǣһѴָŴָ󱦲أҲܾˣΪЩ棬Ѿ㹻ȼ̰
̰һϨ
Ӷµ̰ռʱʲô֣ʲôǿ߼ĳ棬ʲô֮ǰ¥ƽʥɽȵȫںˡ
Ҳֺ룬ŵλϣΪʲôΪܹṩ㹻ԴԪʯڵҩȵȣԱԼܹһһøһ¥һ¥
ڣеԴһǿʮֹЩԴѾܹǧضȥΪԴˣرӳĵҩܲĶ̰ܲ
̰֮µ壬ȻʥȥǣҵģЩָЩػҵģ
̰ǱϴӴӣӴӵ϶Ҳ˾ȣʹֻ۷Źضųϣһ㣬ǶųеһѴָ
ôЩָ˰죬ԺжƣȽƭУ϶һ𣬽նɱնɱЩָǾûģֻҪָһ֣ˣţҪҲգֻҪЩؾС
巴ĥ˼飬ȷûк󻼣ʥ֣˭Ҳ׷ϣһֱһȷɣһ֮أչʵ֮ٳأʱҪʲôܵõʲô
ЩͷԺһų˵Ըеıأһһȣ
òһܸһ㣡ϺԼȵϹҲ˹һɿ˵ͷ˵ĻҸ㣬ͷһɷǵӣʵȫǵòȻޱаɱԽһ˫֣մȾѪһ뻹޹֮˵ѪһȺãǸһϲòС֮ЩСﶼһ棻ܷչӣȫǽʬ֮ϣС
Ϲٳ죬ֻƬ̹򣬾˵ôһѻɫѾѿˣȵϹѪˣЩ¡
ͷĲһˣҳϣҸҿ϶ͷѾ⣬Ҫıأȣ˵Ҫ
屻ץסʹţ˵£ŭѣŭ֮£ӶȣϹﱻˣлϹ΢ǧ򡭡Ҫ
Ϲɫ΢΢ЩףȴһֻʣСһˣҾ͸ˡţ˵Ҫϸϸ̸һ£ɡ
˵ţȥ϶ƺҲ֪Ĵ㣬۾⣬Ӱ䣻Ŀޱȣȥ
ϸЦȴɫش߽ŵ֮Уֱߵ棬϶ԣվףĴѾԶϣȴǸûᡣ
ĴָɡкЦţûаֳɣֱӽöָ˳ȥ˲һ㶣û뵽ôɴ࣬һӣָץУҪȥ̽һ̽ȴ̽ȥǲӡס
尵ҪƳӡȴ֮ˣס֣ҽնɱЩӡȻʧˡ
ʵأ
ʲôȣҴû˵Цţ˵϶˵𣿡
ʲôԵ𣿡϶Զһ޹˵
ɫ䣬˵𡣡
㻹ܳҲɣ϶Ӵȣ˵СӣѾǵǲ˰ϵˣģҰӴӣӷǵýӣұӲɣ
ǵȷҪѻȥ
ΪǸȵ㣬죬ûܹ㣬ԣ͹ԹԵɣҲҪǣҪ־͹Լɣôأ˭Ķ¶Ŀ
ϻǵ˵ţȻҪҾͺúһ档
Ż£ԳΪģһƬӶ


887 Ϊɱ
ƿնֻ֣֮䣬㽫ŵڻ
ŨŨУɷ죡
ıƺ˴󾪣ر壬ͷųɷĻ棬ʥŵʥɷ棬ôУ
˵أ
ȥȣЦȷǴ󣬿ԼȴԶԶ֪ڴʲô𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҫ֪ģûǰȣ
ˣĶٻȥĵЦţޱȣҲҵˡ
˼˵𲻹䣬£ӹ˵͵ĻҲճһ·һɱֺܺüǣΪɱɷһ𣬹һֱ仯Ϊɱ󣬾УȻкˮ𣡡
ΪɱҵҪʲôһɱܹôţ
úܰɣˮɱ
кȳˮɱ֣ʱϱоһƬ֮ˮ֪ͻУͷųʥɷ档
˵֮ˮЩһ֣˺һʥɷ棬֮ˮŻ棬Ǵɱ¾֮˷ɶȥ״Ϊʤȯգ˵ˮɱζΣ
ʵ˵ȷô
˵ţһ֣Ǳ֮ˮΧֵ棬ȻҺ壬׽׽֮ȴЩˮֱ¶ȼߵ׽˲ˡ
С
ӡ϶롰ӡһüͷǰһĻȻԤϣҲû̫ڵģ˲ţЦ˵һȻܹ滯׽һ£ͷŶ׽֧׽أˮɱֻҪƣˮɱͲ𣡡
һԶ˳ϵӣתеĴָ߶ţЩָУҿܻᵣĲѣڣʲôõĵģٶǲڻΪɱУٲӵóܶܵˮɱ֮ˮɱ޴ڣ
߶ŵʱͻط֣ǻɫ˱仯һƬѪ죬ţΪɱеˮǼ䱻øɸɾҲû˿棻˵ΪɱȻڲͣˮʩչˮɱÿһˮոɾˣ
ϵ壬Ŀɿڴû𣬵ʲô𣿲ʥɷ棬Уô׽ʲôķ𣿿ûпʲôҪǣһضĴɿӣȴνʲôһأ
Ȼȴûеõһ𰸣ݺ˵ˮɱǾ͡ɱ׽Ԫ׳ɱ֮׽
һ䣬ڳǰģǵصĺǱѰҺкн֮ǵصĺһ֣㽫׽ָһһģȻ˵ЩڽΪɱ׽е䷢չȥ׽ơ
һߣҪǾ
켴׽ʢɫֳɫ֮У͸޾亮ǹɺֱ͸ˡΪɱϮ˵
پɫ⡭
廹߶֮ʱЩո޾һ֮ԪĺͻԪ뼫һײֱѿ˷飬ٱٳޡ
һʱ䣬ΪɱУǡıٻ֮ʣеĺѾȫûˣеģֻǼȺȵ׽֮һ޼ʡ
ʲôɱһϰɣ
׽ﴫ˳ӡһ켴ŭϴ󣬲ҪٺˣֱӷΪɱʽСӸˣҲţ
ǣϴֱӸ϶Թ˵ԣ۾һӿڵ˶һֵۣһһ
ʱ䣬ϹҪǸ˻Ҳһ鷳¶Ҳ¶˾ģ˵ĺңŵĻΪɱ󣬽ֻΪ˶Ըһˡ
ʲôֶΣʹ
屻ν̬ȼŭȵɱ
ɱˮûˣܽɱǿЦûгֵУȻУҲǳ̬֮ˮȱʧɱӰ죬پУ
ʱЦţ³֣Ԫɱ


888 㱻
Ԫɱ
һ׽ǳеľɱɱɱͻӸоԾڵĺƺԪȻ
УԪǲܿƵйԪй¶׽ҲΪɱеɱѹס
Ͼ㶵ӣЦоɣˡΪɱ󣬾ֻбɱһ;жԪԪƺҲֻᱻɸɾֱݽߣֱߵͷ
˵ȴǿЦ岻һ㶣ʵЦʲô
㲻һС𣿡
Сһ֮ˣʸ˵֣һ˫۾ǷȻ֮ɫЦܽնɱǵһСʲôɣ
Ϊɱң
ЦԪɾ㻹ܲ忴е׽ѾԽԽ΢ˣϵҲǽϵһʬ
ҵԪɾƾ㣬˵Ҳ˵ţ׽ʧֻԲԲȦ֣кȻ֡
У۾͵ؾ
ԪǾͿռ˭˭һڣʹһΪɱеɱ֮ܣеȥ
˫Ŀҧɱ㵲סΪɱ㵲סģԣֻ
Ĺۣˡһȣǹ֮һҪԪʱ˲佫ӿȥ
ʱԪɱܣҲо
ôܣ
ҲˣһӴϵ۾ֱ㶵ؿųϣʱ򣬳ҲǾϲ뽫Ԫһȴоһɰ֮֮С
ӴʲôţʼоǲһӾˣάΪɱɾǲˣҲòȥ֮
ҲţȻһʧʹΪɱһ˱仯ҲͽȻãӰ㹦Ч
Ӹɫ䣬޴롣
ϵɱԽȵԼûʵȻ⡮ΪɱһԪɣ˸ɸɾ
һ˫۾֮ɫ
һλᣬڽȣһЩȻģȻ˲գٲ䣡
˵꣬ȴǲмһ˵ӣ˵ճģҳϣȷȻܽҲǣΪԼ޵еΪӵóȥҸ㣬ܣСӣȥɣ
˵꣬ץס϶ͻʧУһֵ̳ʱѾУȵΪɱ󣬱
ѾŶ˵һأҪôԱɱϣ˲һɽҲǻεѣЦηǷʵ㶼Ӳ˽٣
ʱϹһδԶֻ棬һƬʵ̫ԴˣѹͷػģţǺãӵȫ𾳽磬Ҳˡ
ͷҲϹûг֣ȴǼЦϹллСôôصЩϹһټʱҪһǰˣ
ȥͷ㣬㣬ԶҲ֮㣬׻ӡϹ˵ֻͻһ硱նȥصͷϡ
أͷͷֱ·飬ƤڣǻѪʳ
ɵˡ
ˡ
ϹǴסˣ⡭ףӵȻô飿Ϲ̧ͷһֿۣ壬ƺΪ֤һ˵壬㣬׻
衪ž
һ£ȻϣǱõ̬ѲеģֻǱ⻹ֻϵģ𾪣ıϹ˲ɣʲôĹ⡭
Ϲȴ˷֣ڿź
ϹĻһһ£壬ӣӵõ
һ⣬żȻôε䶼飬ѵġϹţֶ˵壬ȽȻӾһֱ㣬㣡


889 ϲ
磬ȻŵϿգһһ¡
ϣܸöԼĴָϣˣҶ壬ȴûע⵽һĻʮ£ǴָƳ֣Ҫָ䡭
ڳˣ֪ⳡù죬ûһ뵽ϣǵΪ֮УѾšΪˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫŻ˵š䡱Ϲϡ
ӽȣ
Σ
㣬ڣϹĵǰ棬ѣ۾к֣֮ץסȣתȫԪ׼Ȼ¡
Ϲ״ģˣףӣ
Ȼ֮ǰޱ䣬һΣˣ
û׽£
ԣ˳£һɿй
ʵģϹαʥȸȷˡ
лϹﲻĵͷӵţһģ
ʱѾһĲ԰ףԪͱޱȵĵòˣִ߶ʥȣΪɫȫɫ
ãϹˡһһ˼ɽЩпôãܻЩġ
ٿǱĵط¶óЦݣ̶뵽棬ɫһˣٲ˵ʲô鷳ҵϢ֪Ҫأ
ʱӻ˵ϧСӱըõˣһһԸʵˡϣǣҪվǰ棬һȭͽ⣡
˵ˣ϶Ǹˡ
׼̤նȥƬ֮Уһ𣿡
˭
ӾҧһϽȵ˲ںޱȣӸһ⣬вһ㣬һһض
ķӦݶˣû˿ɵغ϶סϺ󣬶ȴƴˣ
ʱһӰ͵ش˳ֱڿգǰ˵ҵĶҲҺڣĵĺܴܴ󡣡
ΪʲôţԼĲ²棬û󱬶һ¶ûеվǰסܵ·𾪣
󱬣ȡ
֣ѪҺܲתһȦȻ֪Ϊɱʧһ֣棬ǾֻһΨһĽҷò
ȻȻ
嵱Ȼ֪ϵǶôǿҲ֪ϵöԪָ֪ϲԷ󱬵ܣܹЩΪá
𾪹𾪣ȴ˵ţǻţ𣿡
˵أƺûпȣֻԹԵ˵ڳԺڣҿɱоˣ㻹ܴ߶𣿡
һеģЦ׼ӴָȡҩָԪԪ֧ţܴߣһ֮Ӱ
ԣȡҩͬʱ˵ţټˣһʱҸһľϲ
ˣھ͸һϲ
ǡʱо˲ԾˣתԪˣʹָͨˣǣȴûƿûеҩġ
ͷһǸԭŴָָտҲ

һ
ϵ˵ϲô𣿡
϶쵲סǴĵҩңһָһԪţȷѡ϶ųϣѾܵһη壬ٴ㣬ҪȻǶˡ
ҲڵľƣǶôϾӡϳȥӡһ߹ϣ
ն죡
أ
ȵͬʱֻƿȥһۿֻƿҪϣƿһζȻ顱ֻƿը˸顣
ֻƿĵҩҲǱʬ޴桱
ָץ£ֻץһա
һ
ֻŵŭţȴӡӡеıͿ񽣣ֻץסˣ
ȻǱǿ񽣣ȻƬƬѿ
ȵѵӡ͡ӡʱӡӣԽԽˣӡӣԽԽˡ


890 
ǲԽԽˣ
϶ǲԽԽˣ
ѵ˫ۿ־ŶԷҪȷǲоǲʵղſֱѪ֮־ͽķˣ𾪿ֻŵ˾ס
ڣַһĻǲ־Ź֣
϶ݣƤûˣҲûˣǹͷҲڱС˵Ļ棬϶Ҳǲĵ˵֣ǰңҪ֡
һ֡
ҵҲǣȫƲס
ش֮˿˳ϣһȵճģʲôϽſӵ֣ҪȻӸƴˡ
϶šӡ˵ǰ˵ҪҸ֡𣿡
תͷԡӡ˵ǰ˵ҪҸݡ𣿡
ôһ˵˶ʱǰĿԣǻҰ׵ϣʱʺɫѪֲǣǹ졣
ӡںҺʹ࣬ܲˣĹҰɡ
ĹҲʹ࣬ҸоԼҪըˣǡӡġ
ΪһĹ𣿡
ţĿȴԶ壬ôŬȻѣ˵忴ûʲô֮ˣǣЩ˺üϼһ˵ֶΣһͬһɽܻǸܽ˴͵֪ʲôط壬Ǿˡ
忴һ֡һݡĹ컭棬Ҳǲ֪ϾֶΣûиоֻԼ²⵽ϽǵѪϸȵȣ޵ش̼ǰĻ档
϶ŹǵģһҪǵԣƴɣԱһȥһչ˺Ǻ˵ģһɲģҲǵĺˣ
ڹƻţЦ˵˵Ļ𣿡һþһ˸֡һ˸ݡ˵ţһ˵ˣһҪǵ㡮֡㡮ݡ
ģӸƴˣҪһ
Ը⣬ϴ󣬼ס˵Ļ
İɣ巢ģ˵۾һڿţɣɣһɡ
ţóһʣԱǰݵԱ
켴¡ը춯ذ
ըһľϲ֮ɫ˲ס̶ΪףΪ忴϶˲͡ݡըˣȴǡ֡ñѣǱ֮ǰ϶ԪˣȡС
϶мȴԱ𣬶Ǳն
岻ͣתӣת̤һӱһģԺﴫʹоһɷ籩˲佫ɣһʣ
һʧأʩչȣԪ۾һת۳֮֮ͱȽǰӺӵĵҪ
õΨһֶˣһκȵ֮ıըܹһϣܲ赲סԼﶼûףΪϸʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱϵȭҲͷųһ˵ǸղšΪը͸úһ
䣡
Ժ䣬֮˲䱻ɱӰ٣ͷųȴǽסˣʱİƿ
ס֣ٲס֣ҾͽǻЩָ
ٰɣ٣ˣҾʰˣҾȥݷðݷã
һҪȣҪЮʱǳڣڸղŽϹˣҪǽԪȳϣӳˡ
ϧϲ޺ҩ
Ѿ壬ִǱҲѵץ壬˵ôûٵ𣿡
ǿɬǿķȴûʹȻʥȲô׻ȥģڣҲǸȫȵռжǿҲ֪
ۡ
ھѪ棬֮ʣ͵رһǱܣϲӶȣɾʱѾץס֡
󾪣ץסôȣҲܽԼȵ÷롣
һӣޱȣ
ͻأž⣬Ҫֱ֣ӽֱͬһ˲䣬ٻȣ
뷨ޱá
ɾ׼ֵһ˲䣬һ𣬽סˣУǲ˼֮飬㶶ųϣ˵ղŵ䣬㣬㾹Ȼá
˿̣֮Уζߣ


891 ȣ
һ̣ϹΪʲôǰ飬˸ԪҲʣ޼
һжıǹҵĴָǹ⽫ҵԪûǹ⡭غţʧȥǡ
֮ǰӣһȣһץ󱦲أţֻҪʱ䣬߸ϣҪκˣˣĽ¡
е룬ȫ飡
ӿ磬Ѿղѹ±Ǳܣ˸һɶԱ۶˵ȡ
ָɿ䣡
ȵȻӿ׹ڵأɿһ˲䣬͵˳
ȣֵɲǣڵġ롱ѪһͼתԺҲڷغţ磬ȣȣ
һصĸоţͨ⡰ȡ˽⵽ν硱̽İأˣϻֶһֱֶΡ
ʱ̽ʱ򣬳ȣٴóٵĴָñ壺㲻׼Ա𣿡
ųһ޿ֵӣȻ϶Աˣǣ忪ʼ̸Уһ
ܣ
Ϊܶ£
һʵϹ
ңõɱҵõģö࣬Ŷ֮
У֪̫ˣң֮ǰҪأˣôأڱҧһڣҲԼԼܣ㣬һ𣿡
ˣ޾Ϯ֪ȥɷʲô±ûͳȣ˴
һڳԺڵʱҪ㾿ܲܺڵ£ȻڣװĴ˵ţӿϣӿʼ飬ֱ۵ؿڵ˫ȡ
ˣڵĸ֣ȫˡ
ǡʱϹԶ𣬡ͷӻˣҪ㣬㣬Ϲﻰû˵꣬Ѿ˸ǰ˳ϣһȣû
㻹ҪΪһ꣬ھˣ̫ˣܺãӣȥʰöָϵģѾЩƵĴָ
Ϲһʵͷأ
һţȻˡ
أϹ˵ҲЩ
ϵʵҪ𣿡
ϹһͣεЦˣıдԵ֮˲ܵõģˣԵ̫ǳܲ𡭡
ȥУֵǮĶȫߣЩ֮࣬𣿡
ףǴ
ٶȿ㣡
Ϲһζţŵĵ类Ÿ֪ȫ䣬Ϲٶû㷴з˵Ҳʲô⡣
ţһȥЩǲЩݳˣ
ܿ죬Ϲ︴ϵͣظһɣϹųҲֹţǰ磬ĹͰɣ
Ϲ䣬ͷ֮ʱԶ֮һ²֮ˣ͵̧ͷ磬úù죬֮
ͬʵģкüˣ
ʱ֮ϹʵȥһɣϹ˷ܣʱǽʮһա
ڣĿռ䣬ͽ٣پϹôһֻ֣°֮ڣǻָˣȻڵɣʵ̫Ԫǿˡ
ã
ãǲǴڶɱ֯
ǵġ
֪ɱ֯Ļأ
߾ˡϲٿ񱼣ڸʥ֮ǰȷǲ֪ɱ֯ĻأԳҵҲֻм²⣬ûȷǡòõģӽ֪Ϊɱ֯Ǵڴӡ
Ϲпǲƽˣ塢ɡɱ֯ټϾӣѾһ飬ʲôƣҶţʲôҪ㲻ףʲô
Ͽͷϵ̫ĪЩУҪȥˣ𣿡
ܻҲ˵ţˣ£Ͼͻúˡ
ͬʱһӰʸϵΪʸ󣬻˻֣úӰȥ֮ϣ治򵥣ҵǿȥѾƽңָ÷һ̨أҵһѡֻϧ̫졭
˺þãʸǶûҵʵѡ
Щղˬ֮ʣʸǵԺһ֡
֣гϣ


892 ھ
ϡλ֮ԺʸϲŭǱϣȻһĨζЦݡ
㲻Ҫ޸㣡֮ì֮ܣ֮֮һ壬ԽԽ˼ˣʸţ·Ѿɳƴɱĳͬճ
ˣ
ʸصڣһ˽ڵأ
ּ
ķıǰֻֽǰɫֽȴǽɫģҽӡľᣡ
Ϊھ򣡡
̶߸ִӻʸǿּ֮˻һ𣬽һЩйڳϵĲϣǰּ֮˸Ͻһģ켴д£ˣʵگԻ
ʸȻֻ˵߸ּ֣ǻҪɫһģǺǽɫľ֮ϣ˫ȫ¹ȵһĴ
ּϣɫڻʸǰţͬΪɫһƾն֣ӡھ֮ϣ⣬һɡʶƵڲ
ʸǻ£۾ޱȵ˵ɲ޵ļ⵶Ϊһ䳾ٶ˵
ϳΪھϢܿǷ꣬ŴϢʱɵ㶵Ȼڵأ֪ңӵлϵĳ谮һأˡ
ڣһԶ⣬½ֵ¸
Ψһ£õϱھϢЦֻЦݣô˲崺磬˪δʮСӣھ򣬳һʵ۴ʲô⣿
ɱ֯Զĳϣȴǲ֪£֪ѾΪ˹ھ򣬲ֻ֪꣬ھȫռħҩģٵΪƣħȴΪԼио治һ죬չԾѪڵõħһ̿ʼѾע
ʱ䡭ʣᶨ˵ٵҪؽҲһҪռٵҩ֮ʱͬʱҲҵ˲ϡϣЩϣΪؽ׼ġ
ϵĶܶ෽עҶڲ²ųϵȥбãеĴشϴźôָһ˵ƣϵĲֵȫƷԪʯĻӦòڰ˸ڣʮҲǴпܣ
ʮ֪˵гʮڵʵ𣿡˵⻰ˣϴŻôָ
ҵȻûУǣУ
ãöϽӣ㿴˭Ǹɷǣ¥ʥţҵȵȣ˭к³
ǵʵܺȣ룬쵽ڣϿϢֺûУ٣ٵ·ϣ˷¥ʥţ˹ңǣû𣿾Ԫܹͨҩ䣬ǾƣľأԣֻҪǼƻˣ⣬ʮڵ棬Ҹҿ϶кܶණԪʯƵġ
˵꣬ȫһĬصĺ˷˵۾޹ԣȻǶˣ
Ҿֱ̬ɣһýָ˵һ䣬˾ˣڳùʮˣ˾֣պһһ롣
Ȼֱûн
ԵƬ̣ʨýָˣҲ֣˾֣ýָҲ֣ˣűһ
˻⣬ȫͬΪʮڵƷԪʯϳ֣
áҪƻ洫¡ը켴ǶﴫһӴˣ˸ϿеվߣŮվұߣвŮվм䣡
ʮ𣬷ŭѣȻ˸Ҵٵǵͷϣ˵Ī̫ˣһЩ۵İè
׳գ⶯ǰèŪ𣿡üЦ⣬ӦڼƻҪԸˣ
ܣô֪ǵĻ
¥Ļأô֪ģ
˻Ҫұȥߺȵˣˣ˭ȥһ֪ˡ켴ʮӰ̤ն𣬿˶ӭˡ
ϣ㣡
ǺⰡ
üϣɫ侪ϲ˵ͷǺûᣡ
û᣿˼޿ֵشǺû𣿡Ц˵һأ˵ϣǲû㣬㡭
ü˵ȥϱϵְɣһڣ
Ϲһ㶣Ϊһ·ֳϲɱ֮ˣֻҪЩɽأϱ㲻֣ǰ
ɻϹѾȥź˵վұߣվʲô


893 ߼֣һȭɱ
Ϲһ飬̫ԪŵǼ˳֪֮ö֪ϹǺηʥ
ɱ֯ʱ䣬һĵĵ飬ϤϹݣ
ڣǾ޿֪Ϲ﾿˭
ǲϹһҪӵĸˣʮõΪ۾ڣҪӵĻǾ͵ˣһϹһ󺰴У
ʵȥշһǿߣ
УֵϹһ߼֣Ͼܸڳߵˣʵһ㣬һҲߡ
ԣϹһسȥʱû˵Ƚ˸ˣȻıϣ⵽ʱʲô⣡
ʣµİ˸ãǸãĿҲûзϹϣǶųϣһϾ񿴸ոճ챦㣬Ȼ۾ﻹĽ䱸Էͻɱ֡
Ͼվ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ϹȻǽеĻ棬ȫ֮۵ףûشһˮ̵ģСƤ㻹ӵһ̲˰
ģϹ￴ãСǹģĸģ

н۵һŭٶϮϹһƬռ䣬ſһѪɭȻޱȡ
̵ģѿӰӵ飬򣡡
Ϲˡ򡱣Ȼûߵע⣬ΪǶû֮ȥ룻ȻһͷϹġ
Ȼ򡱲ȫֻǡ򳡡ϾС֮ܡ
ԣһͷȥ֮ǰŲѵʱľɱ飬õӣϹһܶûд߶ֱáеľɱýɱѪɡ
ҽûкó
ͬʱѾһɱչ֮һɧζŨֱѬϹɴУ̵ģֻβɧ꣬ζҪҪǾβģӹŵһ˲䣬͸Ѭˣ
УϹġȻá
Ϲһȳβд󾪣ֱϹĻҪѶԸҲ˲ţȻЩ룬ҺɱӦá
ӦáʲôѾ벻ȥΪѾǰһƬռ䣬ѾûӰеĽѪ
β
߼״ȣͬʱ֣Ϲ﹥ȥö֣ʣµȫ֣Ұ˺ĳֵζҪβȳ
ûõĴȣҲˣ˵ˣ
һܣֱͷɧζʮβյøɸɾƤëûʣǵ˵ʣʲôǱǸýָ
Ϲɲҽˣʱ⣬֪ȥңϹ˲նɱˣҲʣµİˣ߼֣һ߼
˲ɱнۣ
õ˶֣Ҳ֣Ӱһߡ̤ʮֳ䲻سţõǰһȭ£ţϹ⺷ʱ˳ǱߣûϵϮɱ
ڳһȭ֮£ţ߾ֱˣ
һĻǣӣȫǲܿƵشһܴţõˣ˵϶Ҳһ㣬ңţÿǸ߽ۣ
һ߽۾޻֮أһȭұˣ
һȭж
ÿһãﶼеʣֻϹһֲֵӣʲô˲ģһȭ򶼸䱬ˣοһ߽ۣ
ӣɢӣ
ôʣµþ羪֮һ𣬸ϽһҪ֮ززöû⡣
̵ģҪ٣ǲԹվ٣ȻܣϹʩչ򣬽ˡ
ϵӰ£ҽд
УѪøŨѪȡ
ϹʶҲıնɱŪವģЩ۰·ߵİײ˰һȭһɵˡ
ãڴ֮ܰǰȫһǿޣϵȻ飬˵ӱ뵽죬ɴִеģĨɱ
ƺҽУƺ뵽ͬ³öҪܻ
ɫĻ
ɫһɱ֯


894 ΪǴ֮ˣ
˵ˣǲǾͻŹң߻һʵûлشȴһ̤
֮򣬺ƳȻҲ档
ǣϹġ򳡡ڳǰһˮ
һ̤
ȭʮŲֱӺá
ڳ˲䣬Ϲϼ⣬һس鶯лֱҪˡ
ãϣȻٿϸͲʶֱһȭÿֻŲѣƴڡж߶Գ˵˵˵
ϵȭͷûͣ
ÿΣ˫𾪣򳡵ƣ˵ʲô
ɫɫĻӦþڡҹȣòͷ˵
ռбأںδ
ءʮ˵Ĵָ
Ҫˡ
ʣоһϢأ˵ڵصǧ״˵ˣûһȻûͣǰȭͷһ㶣ŭѾ˵ˣΪʲôŹң
ҴӦ㣬˵ˣҾҪŹ𣿡ϵ˵Ժһ룬˼һû˵ʱȴǲˣһã۾Թȷ֮ǰһŲҪȥǳϣǲȫʮƷԪʯˣΪܹ֡
һĵغУʵΪʲôһҪɱң
ΪǴ֮ˣ
㾹Ȼ֪ܣӣе𾪣ޱŨҲ֮УϵȭͷѾ£ñһѪ̶ȫ
ţȭͷãƴʽճģҸƴˡǾȻ֮ɫȴͻóͬʱȵ
ȳ˲䣬壡
ǼƷһը൱ǿټ֮úĵطϹ򡱵ı֮
ˣ򡱱ըһѷ죡
ѷһ֣üȥϳֿϲ֮ɫɾʱоһϮò룬֪϶ǳɱ۾âһ֣ٺȣ
һرȴ֮
֮ⷴõӣһС뵽ѷ֮
Ӳ˵ġ
ոմõĶþ͸оԼһ˫ȣץסˣͬʱϹﻹڴţ̵ģȻӵ򳡣򣬸Ӻϣ
꣡
꣡
죬ߵ˫ȱˣزҲġ򡱣ȻϿţٱľɱٱһ𡭡
ֻһ˲䣬߱ΪΣޡ
Ʒǹãռһ㷨ҲõģʱһѵķԱҲһɱʰöָʱʧϹԼȡöָϽӹǱصǧ״ȭҷ汦һɨ֮ƵضϹֱҹȡ
ҹȣû֣֣ҹȣǴеһɱ֯ɫĻأ
ɫϺڣ
ɫҪôӣֻҪһӣضնɱĿꣻڴɱʷϣɫ񱣳Űٷ֮ٵİɱʣɫɱ֣δʧֹһΡ
սҲ浣һҫ
ţɫɱ֯棬д󱳾󱳾һȴ֪
ҹȶȥ֮ʱܵڣĬţϣȴȫŨŨĻķŭΪղŵõʮƱѵϢ
ʱ飬֪ôӺ̸ڴ졢롢ԽвãҲֺ磬ǰԤһչδأǰһжˣԽһжͻ䣬زˣһжȫֶֻǺСжҲûȥ⣬˵һ䣺ɴߣҪĥ£
ɵûϵĥ˵Ķ࣬˵ͣ
һ壬ȫĥ»ˣҲ֪ˣţڶ̶֮ڣڴźҪӣֱ˼𣬻ˡ
ҪˣܾҪȴ飬ѵ˵Ÿ⣬ͱȻնܵģָܻܶٹ⣡
ʱ˵ӽˣ
۾ޱȣ֪쵽׷ʲô£֪Ϊʲôе˶ˣⷮӽš
һߣϺϹִҹȣ
ҹȣԱǧ֮°Χ·ѭߣֻҹȵ棬һ


895 Ǹˣ
ҹȣ·ֻ
ԣߣص궴롣
˿վҹǰģǳϹȻȥǸ
̵ģһֻϹһԾڶ룬Ȼ򣬸Ծ˰ʱж仯
ԭʲôҲûУһȴͻŨŨ
һ֣㡰̡ͣϹﲢûоʹͣ£һʱܣҲϲ£ϹϣЦѡ
䣬СˡȴĴָСĳӣӵĸϣߣǡǺϺߣЩɫӣˣȴǷ򡱣š򳡡
ϹɫԱ䣬ٶȴûֹ֣ͣ
Ϣ䣬Ϲ㵽֮Ҫ֮ʱͻǧ䣬롰򡱻ʮʱȻը
ǧһըǷֳըʱһһأϹϮֻ΢΢εûбըơ
⻹û꣬٣ȴķĩĩڽ֮УǺʱ翪ˮɫӾȻʼ
ֻһգۼ䣬ǱĴָСĳӣͱñһ˻ߴӴӣûӰǵٶȣڷĺУˮ㣬ϸСĳڣҲٱеϹ򡰸֨֨ͣ
ʲô
ϹһȭȥȴоǴһ޻棬ȫŲϹ۾һݣ򡱽ɫ䣬ľɱһգʱɫӻҽ
ȻЩɫڡ򳡡ںɱ㱻ɱǣϹɫûΪɫӵʵ̫ˣ
ϿЩ棬۾ͻһҹȣֶε治١
ʱҹذɣҹȲ̫ԪɽҲɽ봳ܴģңɫҲǹңôôġ
˵һҪأ
Ǿ͹ԹԵſ£һһĹ
Ц˵Цʲô
ǹ֪סڹеǣʲô
ҪѰ𣿡ޱȣ֮и̲ŷŭϵ˵һֻһס
ɱ˭
ûʸ֪
Ϊ˭˵ţѾԾУЦ֪ߵغСӣϷͽһʲôɽɽˣ
һ䣬ĺӴɫӣȫϹֱӿȥûԪ൲ȴַתӿ
ʱЩȫתڲѵĺӲóϸһУɫ࣬ȴȫںУ
˫ֺϽҲʼСԽԽСźСЩɫҲһȺһȺط顭
ѹֶԳ˵ȫǼ
ԴԴϵشӳ˫ּӿѾֻзԲˣɫӣѾȫøɸɾоҹﴫϹ㶵ؿųϣһ仰׻жֶΣЩϾĶҶСмɵĶôһöûУ
ϱѹ˵ɽȷɽˣԲɽɽǸˣ
ҹڣǰ˵ҪѵϵˣһѾߵͨˡ
һ̸ɡ
˵仰ʱ֮ǰôһƬѾϸӲѹһĴָСҺ壬ԺɫΪкɫ
Ϊֹҹȵľڣٴγڳǰ֮ϣվһˣϹһЩֻŴؿǵҺ塣
ϹţȴϽǵҺ壬˽ȥǸ׻ϵ˵û˵𣿡
ǻһתҪһ仰ڱɡ
ǣ
תų˵롣
һ̤ǰھ֮ϣڣɾһͫ׷Ŵ󵽼£Ϲ·ʱһߣʱըףں˵ǣѪ
߽ҹϿжֻɫ˺Ϻɫ⣬ɫϹ˵̵ģֻɫ
Ƭ֮󣬳ϱһƬɫ֣ˣ·ǺϺڣ˼ɵ̤ɨһˣ˵Ȼʸ񣡡
ҹ𣿡
һʸ£ɫ֣Ȼһ㣬ÿһ··ľͷһɫ·Ӱ


896 Լ
ΨһһĨɫֻɫһĻɫ
ڿɫһ˲䣬пĻɫ˲䣬뵽ɫɱ֯˵һ󱳾
ѵ˵󱳾Ǵʵۣ
ɫӰǳųԽԽɸһԽԽԶĸоһ˼䣬ɫӰǰʵɱ˭
棡
ûаԥ˵ˡ桱֣ҹ֮ǰģĨɫ֮󣬳ϸ⣻ֱ¶ǰ뵽Ǵʵ۸ܹ뵽ˡ
Ҳһ̽ǰˣǷ²ǰ㡣
桱ʱղŻ̩ȻĻˣ¶βסĻңЦǲӣ
ӣ
϶Ļشû˿⣬Ҫʲôۣ
Լ
ʣɭ䣬Լ
ԼɫǱһ񣡡ϵĻңѾӰ٣һ֮˵ĺƣҼɫȻҳȥɱ棿
ȷȥǣֻһɫ֣㶼Եã
Ϊʲô
Ϊʵ˵ĻشǶǣȴ˵ҵĲ²ûдôĶӦΪĳֶɣɫɫеԴҲʹã
ãھҪеҩڵ󷨡ϵüͷ壬ȴˬ˵Ӻ󣬱У
۾ɵӶףǰⷢһУ϶ٷ֮ıɫһ뽫ɷǰסҪҹɱ䣬һҪ
ԴˣϺȥΪҲɫҪЩԴ²⵽ɫıֲٶ֡
Ӻöָ͵˳У⻹һƣɫ˿ƣ󾪲ѣ˶˵ԺҲڵʱ򣬱Ϊ
ϱ鲻䣬н䱸ûѵͣɫԽ࣬˵ԺģԽࣻҲûƻȥֻʵղǳӣʲô
棡·Ͻ˵桱ʱϻ˵ɫ棬־ֳӵĹһ棬Ϲ󾪣̵ģСӣ򣿡
ǵȻڻܡ
Ӿ˵ҪĳӣӻƨϹһȴ˵ҼֻҪĸ棡ķ
һ£Ŀ⿴˻ˣﺬϵ˵ղ˵ʲôǶ𣿡
һԣ˸Ͻӳһֻ޴һʼǡ
ϽӵУһֻ̽棬ַǳؿҪ˵һҩ֣һ࣬нԱ
˵Ӹһɫӣ˵ԪҵԲϣԵˡ
лл
Ȼǻ˵ֶΣȴȻЩϵ˵һ䣬ղֻһᣬû뵽ֵһűڣбֻȱԪˡ
лѾɫˣǿŽԪɫᾡȥҡ
ϵͷֱӽԪ̷˵˳ٸҶҵ֮ĹűԽԽã
û⡣˵İ壬һҵ󷨣͵Ĺھ򸮣
ҵĹھ򸮣
أȫȫˣЦ㻹֪ɣѾΪھּ£ֻȥ⣬һڽһھ򸮣
ˣлˣԺҪұУȸˡ˵˾׻ˣֱԼΪھǴè壬ʵҪʲô
ϴϹߺ󣬺˶Ի˵ӣǲļɫ
ҪģġŵЦţ˲ף˵ƣǳϣһѵӣһѷĵӡ
ϴϹ񱼻򸮣ϹﻤԺֱȥ˽أϥţ飬ƺ
ɱŨһ֣Ϊ۾磬Ҳֻһ֮ңһ˳ȥջС˵ǳ⡣
ϴҴҽԼЩľһ飬ȻϽʵ棬һֳĻ£СΪʲôʵۻΪھ򣿡


897 ڴţң
ôһʣŨŨɻЦô첻µزµ㣬µһھҪڱ˵ͷϣټҴҹ
ֻǾ棬⣡
ǰǴⰡҺˣҵˣǲһ㣬˿ɲǿȥᳬĿƣȻͱΪھˣ
ʱ۾Ŀ⣬֮ǰ벻ʸǵĿĺڣ˳Ľ˵ǲˣ˴ʵڽһѵѵӣնҡ
Сӣ𼤶ʶƵͺúõصھ򣬺úѵӣ
ϸ뷴ʣȴͻ˹Ц˵һѵӵģѵӣܶȴֺܷͷ˵ΪѵӸӷʼɡ
һ䣬桰޼򡱺£ϵȭڱʮȭ֮󣬳۳˶ʮϲûоʹ˴סʥɷ档
Ǿżȭ֮󣬳֡
Сӣ壬ǿ˲ٰ֪˶٣˵꣬ںܼһȭ
һ顱죬޼纽ںϵĴ󴬣ͻر͵һ
ֻϧ̫̫أ̫ûн󴬹޼򡱲ûƣϱһ߳ȥڵϻԶϻûվĹٴϮ
һ߿䣬һ˵Сӣ֮ڣͳɳ㾳أڵ㣬ҪٶǸʲôׯܵĳ𣬽еıȫʹŹԲ⡣
ûлشֻǲͣػֻȭͷ
ʱʱϵĶħѵŸ˵棬Ҫչһʱ䡣
Ϊ֮
ϵͷҡҡͷ
ʲô˼
һЦΪҸ룬档
Цųϼ˵Сӣȵҿˣ
Ǳġ
䣬㻹洭ˣˣСӣչسҪûдң͵ŸӶħѵɣ⣬ҪչأҲҪܷھ֮ٱչأһչسλҲ䲻ӣշĹھ򣬾նɱ˵ûˣȥһѵӣɲףһ㽫ڴܵϢͽôڣӦòɱɱߡ
һߣɱɭȻ󣬺µ˵ҪǿԼøǿϣڴţң

صͷתȥӰɽ˵Ҫܳ棬ûʵĿһαչأҪģҪ󷨣ɳݣɽʣµļȫݳȫͨ
Ȼ󣬱Ǽʥȣ
֮⣬ǡߡСо̤Ǭָȵȡ
ǻжʱ䣬ϻӰ۳һʵķϾһˣսһ
صԺ䣬ѩȻû˯׽һЩĵ飬ѩȻҪǰ߻ˡ
ϢǸ˲ѣˣһڿžһ𣬿ǰͬһϡ
ʱǴҴҹתۼ䣬ɫ
ȥ֮£Ϊھȥʱ򣬳ϻ˻ʸܿƣĻʸܿƣñ黹Ҫˣϵʱ򣬻˳һ
ž޲ȻǿǸ񣬵֪װ˭ζǳܿǵӡ
ʸ֮ܿɺܸӣȴֺܼ򵥣⼸ʲôʸܿȻʮϵвʸܿƲĶʸܿյ̫ӸʸţһҪͳϽãþʲôֶΣһҪΪޣؽ֮ãΪˣʸ⣬ûʸܿʹһ췹ƣ׳췹ʱ븸ּͻǡ
ϱѿܣһǿĹھ֧֣
ʸܿƿ󣬳ĬԳϵĸǺܸӵģо壬統ʱһǧ¾ҲԹޣ֣вжǿߵĳݣԳϵͣǾ޴棡
˼ǰ󣬻ʸܿƾջʸ˵ԣ˽һĻڲǣʸܿӣ˵֪ͼǵҡ
˵֮󣬻ʸܿöȥ
ڳվʱһɽһ£


898 һ̤
һɽ֮أıչ֮һľ磬ǾһУеĻ𣬶ҪĽ£ߵʮŰݣ
ԶǻŨͻһ籩ǵء
籩֮Уһ̨ף
̨׵ǣһ̤ȥǳԽĴڣ̤ȥʥ̤ȥջ֮֮𣬽
ԥأ̨ȥ̤һûʹ棬ûлټеֻˮˬеֻ¾ֵĿ
ܿ죬վ̨ǰԺسһң㷽̨̤ףֵģһƻ
ֻһƣͷųܣȴеռ
ƻж֮УԼеĻ𣬶ֲƻ𣬲أȥƻ
ѡһɲǣϵ֮УȻɢƻ֮ʧоڶһЩ˵Ķƻĳ֣Ǹĳ֣Щɻ
ǣŽǰ̨ףʥ̨ףеɻ˷̧֣˽ţ̨̤ȥۿҪ̨̤ϡ
䣡
һ춯صıըըһɽһɽ壬ͬʱһأھŷҲˣڵıչ֮أҲǾҶʯ䣡
ըһɽըʶըŵ
ɲʱ٣ɢʥ̨ʧ
ԭʥ̨׽֮ĽţӲ̤һգ

Ʊ˺ӵް㣬ŭزҽгҽһɽָΪׯܣһ𣬡ʦֳˡ
һ뻹Ǿϲޱȣһ˲䣬ׯŵĲǿϲǷŭׯܵĵʱˣʦֳʲô²ɣׯеϣȫʦϣٳʲô£һɽˣʲôԸûˣ
ׯܸϽʮһڵӳ˳ȥȥ󣬿һӵŵӰׯܵ˿һ˲䣬ЩʣϰһڵӣоԼڵĻ𣬾ȻвܿƣҪĳ嶯
һŭ𣬿еһŻڰһصϣʱ屻ֻ֣Ϣ䣬ʧ壬ȴʧǰûˣ
ׯĿ࣬¶ϲ֮ɫׯʦֳɹˣɹˡת˲䣬ׯɻ󣬡ʦֳɹˣΪʲôҪôĺ
һɽкóһξĵطмʮˣҲһ˷ܣˣˣ汻ըˣƱըܣǺˡ
˵ˣϽˣɲôǵġһǵۣ񣬸ϽҪߣͻأһŭµֱԺߣǻߣߣ
Ժﻹصʱǰļˣĵطϵ£ȫͻر˻棬Ǽ˵ʱڻǻ𲻽ǵȼգлڷٳ
ֻһϢĹ⼸˱㻯һ紵ˣʣµ˿־嵽㣬ѾʵúܸߣûϵȻ͹ˡ
Ƿ˭֮
Ҫҵ̤ʥ̨׵֣ʬΣЩ˼״ϽԱǣ𣬡ϷǰǻԱ
ǵͻһɻ𣬽ǵԪ˸˸ɸɾ˾ûмʣȴǽһһٳɻҽٳա
ڣˣ˵Ƿ˵֮
˭
Ǵ֮
ܣɫ䣬ܣϷƲϷһҪ˴ܣɱǴеˣŭУЩҲ˻֮У˲
һ壬ɱ˼ʮˣȴԲܽŨŨĺޣ
ʥ̨̤Ͼʥ̤ȥȴ̤ˣ̨ûˣʹܳΪϵʥͺϹֻ𾳽ڣֻ۾һ
־磬ɲܽģһشˣֲ֪Ҫãٴվʥ̨֮ǰпܴڣ
ˣôܲޣܲжд̣
ϵĻ棬һɽüͷ壬Ϣô٣һɽʲôƽٲɣǴ𣿡
ɻţׯܵȥ
ܻʸڣڿЦţ棬ڳˣϷϳˣ޵ĴܣҲҪؼˣ𲢲֪Ǹƻ󱬷ʱ򣬾Ȼ̤ʥ̨׵ؼʱ̣
ˣҲ֪ĺޣʲôĵز
Եֻ಻٣


899 ɱܿ޹
ׯܵǰׯܵһ仰˵Ĳǡϲ֣ǽѹõķŭˮйʦ֣ɱƣ
ɴ˿ɼׯܶԳϵĺޣﵽʲôĵز˿̣ׯܵĶֶϽѾָֻûǰֽׯܾһܴ˵СؿΪֻϢļҳ
ׯܵĻЩɣһŭ𣬻ûҵطأɿׯӣȴѹŭѹʣʵ˭
ħӵͽܡ

Ŀ⣬ʱ罣ħӻû𣿡
ħˡ
⣬һ˵ӣѵħӵͽܣħӻɣ
ׯܵ˵ͷ˵ڣһھֻʣ⼸ˣˣȫɱˣȥ׷ɱûпԴ
ô¶Ҫж䡣
ׯܱͼӴ׵˵һ飬нһڵУ·ֻҪƲһھû֮һ㣬رǳܹʹһºáɱ򡱵ȵȡ
꣬ȴûׯڴŭޱȣֻǵʵƵ㿴ʲôͷûУ
ûУׯҡҡͷĵʵʦ֣ѵ㲻Ϊɱ𣿡
ɱҪɱģһˣҪɱ
˭
ܵĻʵС漸ҧ˵ģ֮ҪɱܵĻʵСȻǴܻʵۻ˽ʥֱԵȻɱһôˣôˣǱˣôˣܺԼ
Ȼǲܣ
ȻҲҪɱƵģϾħӵĵӣ;˱ضУҲׯܵĻ䣬оƳɳʵ̫ˣ
ׯش𣬲һ㶣ʵʦ֣ǹɰǴܣ
ҪˣԼҵĺԺ£ǻ֪һʣ˵ңһҴܻʵںδ
ǣʦ֡ׯӦʵħӵĴأׯΪӣ⽫ħӡҧúء
䵭˵ҵ˴ܻʵСȥƣ
ǡ
ʲôѵΪһɱ
ǲǡׯĲˬϽӦʮɽĴȥѰҴܻʵ۵ټϥһʯͷܲٴν磻ʱ϶ָ̣оر̣Ҳܹٴο̨ף
ׯɽصϢ񴫱룻ϢıˣҲвΪ֮˷ܣΪ涨ոռأ
ؼõϢϣڳ֣ȴûаϲɫеֻǿɬΪвµѾԽݻˣؼţ棬ΪʲôڲųΪʲô
ҲõϢֻһЦȻڸĻ£˽꣬ǰߵһУ̫ӻʸ֡
Ϊھĳϣ̤˳ûϲãֻĳأţղͻĪļ֮Уʲô
ڤڤ֮У̧ͷǱߣ棬𣿡⣬ϻɢһҵƣս⣬ÿһϸ
Ͻ˽ȭԶһɫɷ׵ĹŮϸһǻʸܿƵŮС䣬켴ƣȥСͰ͵˵ӣڡ
·ɡϴСĻСϽ˸Ҿųȥһȥ˻ʸܿƵ޹⣬С䲻ǰһ˵ӣ桭㡣
̧ȥ߽ʸܿƵ޹֮Сһֱӵ˵ϣ۾ȫǺ£ǰоԼľϢһ㡣
һ̤ʸܿƵ޹оһƢ㣬޹ɢһϢɫʸװεȵȣȫͷһһַ飬һջ󡭡
޹м䣬һӰ¶ӿ֣Ͷ㡢Ť֮䣬ת޷顭
ô칫ΪƳ˳ϻǵһ
Ȼ򣬳ϵ۾峺͸ףһʶûУûֻʸܿҪʸܿƲаƣŮ·㣬Ͽ
óǰʸܿ˫֣סϵĲӣȵĽϣ㴽΢ţү㲻롭


900 ͯӹ
𣿡
ʸܿôһʣ۾飬Ժŵɽٲ֮£ζһ䡰𡱣ǻûն似Ȼܸɴ˱ѪȻһŸɽˮ
һɽǸܿһġ𣿡
ǰĿ·죬Ǽ仹ǵϢָ仹ǵ᣻ֻǣԶȥ֪Ӱڡ
ңһҵǣ
Լ飬ʸܿȴ飬ΪеŨŨ飬ΪŨԣʸܿΪԼļƻɹԶˣóϸ£˫ֻҪȥϵ¡
ʱʸܿƵӣȴһεƿˡ
ʸܿƾ֣ԼòģҾ˵֪˵ֻ£ַΧ֮УһǾԲܽͶͱҪһƶģǰˣûȤ˵ǰˣ񹫹ﲻУ
ɳôʮ㣬ǳˣʵǷޱȣȻﲻУɴˣֻʣһʸܿƾܽܵԭ򣺳϶ûȤ
ΪʲôʸܿƿŲӣŬ
ûΪʲô
Ҳ𣿡
ȴҵ
⣬ʸܿٴתȵˣ컬䣬ͬһϸĹƷҪչڳϵǰ䵽ǰʱ˵ⳡϷݴˣ
ϣѵòÿ𣿡ʸܿȻŭˣ˺غ
ʵص˵ͷԣ˭ñȵӵġ衷ҪÿǶԳ˵һѪģ
ʸܿƸŭˣϣʶôѵ㲻ҵ˼𣿡
ֻ֪֮⣬ҶûȤ
ң
ǵģ
ǺǺǡʸܿ϶Ļش𣬿Цһ߷Цһ˺Լ·Թޱȵ˵ϣҵģҪôҶ֪ھϣ׶ʲô
ҡҡͷûõģ֮⣬ûܹü
㡭
ʸܿʮֵȻ޲ǧУǣûǸʵ
˵֪ʲôĿģʲôĴ㣬ҪﵽĿģͲҪңʲôطٽңҪʱһ֧㣡
ģ
ƭʲô
ⷬûûʸܿƷĽᣬʸܿƸоԼĹϣϺݺݵؼ̤ˣѾֳһ񶾵ļƻϣȴ˵֪ʼĹ𣿡
۾һ
ʼĹݣ˵֮󣬻ʸܿƿųϣȻƽʵζҩأ
Դ
ƳǰЭ䣡˵꣬תҪ̤ȥʸܿæվס
ʲô£
ҵӣˣ

֮ǰǷҵһŵҳԶٷʸܿƵˮȴ붼û룬ҡͷܾʸܿƺݵϣҾô۶Ըң
ΪҲŲ㣬һĳҩҵֵסջð˹ԼͯӰǿɾͲ̫ˡʸܿ¾һѵʱܿԼֵĻ棬˸ѻοһ¡
ȻʸܿƵȻ֮ɫһȫʧֻͯӰѵĹһҪ֮ͯ
ûʸܿеʲôѾһ̤˳ȥʸܿƼˣ۾ϲô˵ҪֹϣֻҪͯǾֵˣ
ϲ֮󣬻ʸֺܿ˵ûһˣҶϣŰɣһ˫̥´˿϶ܸȤģ
棬۾űɫʣšʼĹ֣֪ʸܿҪʲôʼĹʸ˵İϢ֮أɲô׽ġ
ǣҲֻǶԱ˶ԣš¡ĳ˵ͱȽˣֻҪĹģǸ߽У
Ȼ֪ˡݡ䣬ҲһİȡɳûжĿǰĲݣǾݳɽȵȵľٴͨ
֪ʲôʱɱ֪ڵΪǼΡҲ֪һæǵûҲҪ˶ӱܳأص棬ׯܵ˵϶һʱ䣬ҵƣնɱ
ֻϧŪɳ׾


901 С˯
ϣھ
ϢȫΧɢһ빫ķ粨֮Уܣ䳾ڹҵҲϰݷһ飬ȫԪˡ
Ȼǣϲ
ϲľЩʼڳңйΪļ壬ǵõ棬ӵش
ڳЩҪ뿪ҵӵܣһûȫԸǽǣĳһѵܡ
Щ˵УԳ϶ޱȵԹޣǣҲֻԹޣ֮⣬Ϊϵʵʵ̫ˣǾ˽ż⣬쳤˲ӣҲϵӰ
ڹھ½˵У˸ָ˼رǻʸҵЩˣЩȥһǰεˣϽ׼úǰȥء
Źھ򸮻ûнԣʱϻס򸮣һ˿϶ûУˣֽԲŴ
ֻϧЩǰȥصˣõһϢھϱչˣ
Ϣʧѣʧ֮ʱִھҪͻƣҪָԴԸԪʯչҩڵ󷨡ϵȵȡ
ҩһҩϸʥţɫĲ֮࣬ȫʵ
һЩﻹ׸ôȥϽٶȣԼӣǻصԼΧڣѰЩҩ
ʸҵЩӵܣҲǸϽŶԼԴѰԣ˭ȥҩ֮Խ࣬ھ˭лͻһ㣬˭͸пȡھ֧֣Զǰߵ̫ӻʸҲڱؽڣѹȫȥѰң
һصѰĳһ̶ֳ˵Ǽ֮ȥѰˣȻЩ˾УҲóǣãȴȥΪݣ
ԣʲôڳԺ֮࣬ͻضᣬɽûзŹûзչɽ֪ԼǳǴھʱҲ𷴿ͷ鱨֯Ҳһԭ㣬ݱطչ
ЩͲǱչصĳϣȥĵˣ
ʸܿųҿҩȵȵӣΪڵ棬ȻšݡšԴҩĲҩ
ôһĲգʸܿҲԳʲôΪ̫Ӹȡʸܿҧ˵һͯӹ
ȻʸܿƸŭģˣһƷھ˵ķѾȡҲû䣬ҸǱһԣԣڵ˺ǣ߳ȥǰάѵЩǣҪôҪôǼ
˿췢ˣȥŮȻ󣬹ʹϢ˭ɱ˳ϣ
Ŀǰʱ򣬾ǰ׳ҲȥҪӡ
ķ׷££Ͻȫֻ۾񣬽еȫ֮ϣٱ鼮ڳߣ
Ȼ󣬾ǲҹ߲ݵĥûлȥݣ󷨣治󷨶֮ͬе󷨣öģҲһЩĲõ󷨹˼֮࡭
֮󣬳ϳˣΪˣһڷֱ꣬ٴһסľǳǸңԵǿ⣬ֿģľʥɷ⣡
ʥɷеѪιССʥɷѪ˳ϵθѪ֮һ˳˯
ϴϲС˯ͱҪˣ
֪ƵϾֻһ˸֮󣬱ųȥչأͬʱѼ󷨣˳ϡ
ϵ󷨣󷨲һ鱾ȴһƤ¼Ƥϵ󷨣һ󣻳֪⣬Ҳ飬ţһҪ㹻ǿñŲһң
󣬳Ϲúػĵ͵ҩ󷨡һ࣬ıչ֮ȥϧҩ٣оֻһζǷħҪҩڳٵģȴûУҲ̫࣬ǷȴǼˣóֵģٶǧ
ǣЩռģ滹ôӣ֪ҪͶٴθпʵҪԣûʵܻнľ档
һαչأһأϱյľˣ͵Ķ͵ϵıչ֮ǰŵģǽЩ󷨣ȫΪ


902 ĥʼ
лԻշԭУ׹ŨĿʧЧã޷֮߳أ֮ЩܻûŮǶǲᶨ֮ˣ֮ô
ǰԽ󣬾Ͱ󸴺϶ɣϵķʽΪԽΪǣɰԣݺϻ˷ʤֻƫڹٷܷһЩʱ䣻ĻͱȽɡ
ľ󣬺󣬻ﶬ
ʱ䣬˳Ƥϼ¼⣬Ͻе鼮ȫĥ˸飬Ƥϵ󷨣ǳ˰죬Ҳûг߳
Ҫ֪ڵ֪ʶɾԲҲ̸ֽĲˣƤϵĲȫһ֪һڡ
ڣ֪ԼִʲôطûмľƤϣϽƤ󣬿ʼɳݣݵȻǾǽÿһ󷨶֫⣬ع鵽ԭʼ״̬
ϵ󷨻󷨣ÿʱÿ̶󷨴򽻵ڷֽ⣬ڸϣݻµ󷨣ÿһ˲䣬ЩʣСϡǡԡŹ۵áɷ
˵ûǰȥˡʯѹնǣϵľʶȣȴżĿ飬һ˫۾ѾݽȥϸǵѪûиɹ
ǳ조ҡһþõֵܼܲ󣬻˵һ
ڳΪ֮ʱľƣַ˾仯
һҲֻʮˣصϢһȥͶһڣټ֮ׯѪֶΣ뻹ڵɣȫǿһڡ
ׯȻʵΪҲ𾳽磬ǣҲ콣ŵȵֵܵģһʱ䣬ɷ׷׽ɢеģֻһڣȻ˶ԸһڣΤ롢ڴ󺣡һˣߣǡòõģЩյĵطȴ
ڽǿкصĵֻϲ˼󣬱һֱü벻ΪʲôȥҴԽ𣬷һڵЩӣڲѰټ
ɻȴڳɣΪܰԽԽԽر˳ȻǾʹ˷չȥܵʵ֪ʲô硣
ԣ˴ܵģ
ܣǰ롢졢ԽĹ
ǰȻԸ⿴ˣԭսһԴܿս׷׽ɱܵģǴ졣
ԭڴʸǹȻ֪һЩҪ֮ʱʸǱ֣쾳ڵȫɱ
类ϸٵһͿҲûʲôãֻԽܵı棬Ǹ˹ȣȻǴܵһöӡ
ķɱܵɫҲԽԽѿһͳҵĵΣƺԽԽԶ
ʱɳʮ֧ʵÿ֧һٶʮˣ֮⣬֧ÿ֧ʮˣ
ʮ֧һʱ¡
ȫڴܾȻ˿ֲҪ֪ÿһۣɾһѴɱܾȻôֻۣõϢĻʸǣôȡ
µͬʱʮ֧Ҳ졢Խɱ赲ˣľ棬㷽ֵ֮󣬵Ȼû¶档
滹ԭޱȿٴν־磬ȴã
λɮص˱ʸҵλҲڻʹ
ƣޱȵؽţƽĺ£ӿ˵Ͳӿɾκˣ
Ҳڽţ
µݣϽԼռ󷨣ȫڻͨҪϤжϤϤÿһ󷨵Ĳ֣ϤһС֣Ǻйص󷨣ͻһԶڳϵԺҲһɢңȫǹޱȣ
ɳʱӼϣһ©
ϴʱŵľǣݵǡɽľĥµĵǵһο񣬳Ͽɲʲôطӣ
֣
ˣһ󣬳ݳ˵ľͨ
ʮ
ݳ󣬳ûаϢͷˡɽھŲ㾭֮ͨС


903 أһǧ
ɽھŲ㣬ʮݳ
߲㣬һܣ
ڰ˲㣬˰£
ھŲ㣬ʮ죡
ϴʱ˲ˣȴԽԽոһյݾ֮У϶ȹ˶ʮգ
ݻڳѪĻ£ţ
ߡľزֱۡͷʮȥ˳µʱ䣻ˣߡȫȫݳ
䣬ʱʱ鼮ͽ
Щ鼮Գ˵ôѾֻ̫迴һۣԭһЩܹγɶģԪĹ֮󣬻ӳϵ֪ʶ
鼮ͽģЩø󷨵ĲϣҲЩ뿿ϳôžȫȥõġ
ͣоһʥȣȴָı⣬׼ݣһԵؽеףͲʱͣϣʱľܸе򡰺ν硱
ǡӰ
ȻڳѾȫܽڻͨɡӦãݳӰʣµľٴµʱ䣡
֮ǡо̤ʣµ̤Ǭָʣµİ
һʮʱֹ
ʱ򣬳Ѿչһ룬϶ʮһӣͬھжȹˣϵľҲﵽ˰ʮž֮
ǵĹھ򸮣ѴȴΪûˣһֱţ
ȻûпضݳˣȻҪʼͨأȽɽʣµͨ
ǣסˡ
Ϊͨɽóϵ壬ΪǿҲ֪ǿֵزĻȥͨǾͻӷѾ
˼֮£Ͼȴͨߡʮ
ͨʣһʹó̡
һأọ́ʹ࣬ų徭ǴιپʥɷѪڵĸ죬Ѿ൱ǿǿ̶ȣͨ׳̶ȣϼҪܵʹ࣬ȫȡ
ԽǿԽѴͨʹʢ
ǳϾþʹࡱɴͨߡĸʹóȥңҪԪ֮ҲǺޱȣù˴ӹҵõȫԪ֮
ռԪ֮ʤɳϼͨһͻȥôԪҲɵЩԪ֮еľͨ
ΪߡЩԽ棬ҪԪ֮ҲԽ࣡
Ȼϵĵǣˣϻ˽Ÿµʱ䣬ߡʮͨѼְԪ֮Ȼʣ޼ˡ
ϿЦѣ˵ȥҪ棬ƾ裬ܴġɽȴһ㶼ûдͨ
ûģһȭġ޼򡱣浱˵ĿֲѵǳʹһδˣҲɴ˸
ûԪ֮Ҳûа취ֻƹض
ʱʮ꣬ѾԶ
չ࣬ǳϱչõʱ䣬ҲΪк֮ǣϲһһչأڻͨУϵΪ֪УȻͻƵ۵ľ磻Ҳøǿ׳ӳȴ
ǣıչأҪģȴԶԶûꡣ
ٴμʱо̫ôĴۣǿ׳ӣȫܹáݣϸոճصһɲǣ㹥ȵСӣڳˣҴһܣ濴ʵֵһز
棬̫ļ˰ɣһأֻǲòضѣϢһ˵ɡϽпţȴ˿ֻ޼£
ϼ״ֻ˵棬ȻǵҪ׷˵ɣ
Сӣҿ׷㣬С˼ѡ治ΪȻ˵Ͼֻ߽һٶȿɲһ㡣
ȴааһЦԪڡߡĶʮȫһתӰʧǰץ˸յĳ棬Ҳ𾪲ѣȴľʹ䣬˵һˣ
˵ţҲеΪʮ㣬׷ȥ
Ϣ˻ʹеλʲô£ȻóϹȫδ䣬ӰҲ˻ʹѭųµϢ׷ȥ
ʱվǧ֮⣬Цݣǧһǧ⵹ЩߵĸоƺǧȻߵļ޲Ŷԣ


904 İƤȥ
ߣǬڣħӶû£
Ҳֻгֺճڶ̶̼ʱߵľȫͨ߾磡
ʱվǧﴦš
ٶҲʮϢʱ֮󣬳ӰڳϵҰЦ棬ٶ̫ˡ
Сӣţץס㣬ĥ㣡
棬ûǸˣһЦţϢǰȥֱʮ֮󣬳ת˸䣬ϻȥ
滹ڲͣǰ׷ϣڳ󣬻һӰϢţϹеСӣĪǾǴ÷зǸھǸϵţٶȣȻÿ죬Ϸ򶼸ϲϣ
Ѿص˼ͻȻѩȻǰһѩȻݲѵĶӣΪۣæ˵϶ôݳˣҪʲôȥ
ʲôͳʲô˵ѩȻæһȥ޷ˣǿƤϵĲ󷨣æóʵƤǴõģ
ǰսʱʱսƷеõģʱҿƤֻǸоⶫӦò˳Ҳо˺ܶӣҲûͷ
Ļش𣬳Ѱɵͷֶˣ켴ֽϹû˺üϹһϣڳϱչص굱УϹﵱܾľְرųϵĵ֮ʣϹСӾȻ浽һ𣬵ȻϹûٸСԪˡ
̫Ԫţ귢չѸ٣ѾΪĵһɣǰʥȫ˹̣Ϲܿ쵽Ƥ˰죬Ҳûκη֣˵һ䣺үҿƤҲ󷨲ʶҾˣƤҾȻҲʶ
Ϲôһ˵ע⵽Ƥȷ֣ħ޵ƤԲϺţϳ˼ţƤ
ãѩȻһӺò˺÷Ͻе飬ר־سԷ֪Լߵһ·ԣǳϧһʱ䡣
ר֮£ϷĴθܣһɨҶĳԷʽѩȻʵһس֮ǰ˵Ц
ڷ֮ʱ͵سڿУȵСӣܵøֺȴڼԵøֺ
ɫһ䣬ȴûٴߣЦ棬Ҳ˳
ˣң㲻òأΪʲô治˼ȥҪȻΪʲôҪ˵û׷ϳϣ˵ת˻⡣
˵ΪԪʯڵȵԪ֮
ôԪ֮ȫˣҲˣôһʱأãʱҲò꣬治˵Сӵʽ治һܳܵģһɽҲð
ʵص˵ͷˡҲڸпʽȻ˵죬ǳҪܵסԵʹ֮⣬ҪӴԪʯ
ǻҪ٣ʵҡͷ˵֪
֪ô᲻֪
棬Ĳ֪Ϻ޹˵ȷʼͨɽͨһһǿ˭֪Ҫ١
ǰȥԪ֮Ҫ٣
ָͷ
֮һ澪֮һǾǽеĶȫԪʯľȻû꣬˵棬֮һ
䣡
Ժƾһը죬㽫ֱӴӿиըȣСӣԴûиɣ
Դ˵ࡣ
Ҫࣿ澶ֱڳǰֱųϣȷųû˵ٻ֮˵СӣĻֻȥˡ
˭
ܼܰǧĻۣ϶ܷ˵Ҫ󡣡
۾ˡ
滹˵ǹھΪսҲӦ飬ͳɡ
á
ˣǸ滹һɽϾûпҪɱͼ⣬һڵĵӣѰŴܻʵС䣬Ϣ֪µ˵֮󣬳̤ձˣﻹţ˴ܣôԪ֮أ
ȴԻˣزɱңȴҴܻʵۣѵ˵ܻʵ˱Ҹŭ飿ĻǴܻʵۿһĺ£
ǡʱʥּ


905 ּ٣֮Դ
ʥ֮Źھϣձǰߣӹǰߴܣ

ʥּˣ֮ЦݵضԳ˵ϲүϲүүһأͱίΣǶмӰ
ʶƵ϶ʥС˵ţߡʮʣ޼Ԫ֮ȫ⴫ּ
ЩһϲʵΪϸĶ̫̫أȷϵԪ֮ȷʵʣ޼һͨǣʣ޼Ӵı˵ġ
ү˧ӡףүɣ
ӹЩЦݸӲˣĿﻹŰʾȻǻȥʱ򣬻Ϊ˵ûҲ֪ЦŽߡ
Ͽ˧ӡ˵˯˵ͷȥܣܵˣǷˣ
ߺ󣬳һʳҪ˼ƣԳ˵ǹھ򣬾ͲٵҵļʲôĿģҲӦúԣǰ֮ǰûعھһˣһЩţİţڵĿȵȲҵûϾѵӣãܵõࡣ

ϵͷӦ£һһν֮ССӺǧСϣҲûдϹͬʱɫػŵ϶ɫһΪ˵İȫȴĳ˿ġ
󣬳̤רΪĹھ򸮣ھڲģŮһӦȫó΢΢ԾΪЩŮЩ棬֪жǱ˵ߣɳȴҲûϣɽоǹھ򸮵Ĳҵ⣬Ϊھ򸮵ܹܣһͨ罻Ϊ͹ҩ󷨡ȵȵıҵĲƲ
ϵɽֱоԼ챻ˣھ򸮵ܹܰڼֹʱζû龰ȻԳϺоЩʣȴϽӦͬʱʩչ¯ƨʲôϹᣬѰʲôͿصȵȡ
ֻҪ£õģࡣ
˵꣬뿪ھ򸮣ǰ߸ȥ·;Уһ´ָڴָʣµģ൱ҪƷ
ĻۣٵѾʮζҩȻжʮζҩɳϵȴǸˣڷħģһζҩˣ
ҩҲȫ롣
յ͸˵ˣҩǧݣ
ʣµǣʱϣ
ŶζǸŵϲˣټϳٵƣ֪Ϣһȥ˵һֱעڴܻʵϵ棬Ҳڵһʱ䣬ɱĸǰѡ
ԣЩؾ;˳һҪԼҪѧ
ֻǣʱ䲻
ѾŬˣȴǼ㹻ʱȥѧؽɻָΪؽռĲϣҲǺôһѣϲҪؽҪؽϣ¾󷨣
Щʮö߽״ָװģȫǷķЩٹճһĨЦݣǸ߽ô෨ԱֻҲܵˡ
֮󣬳óʥȣϰԵԼѪ¼֮󣬿ʼʩչȣһȣ϶ʱоԼڵĴԪȡ켴ȵƬֺʯ飬ȴûзԶΪһ֮Уʯȫÿɻҽˡ
üͷԪѾԱȻ𾪵ģҲЩʯͷĻ𣬶ǿ˲䣬ж˱仯ֱֱ仯ƾǡν硱ĸ֮Դˡ
ԪĴģһȳʮ£ڵصķ߰˰֮ڣѾһƬĮĴڣط˼Ȼ϶ֻһ䶯ˡ
ʮȵĻӶоԼץʲôȣʵþ֮ǰе뷨һȣһ䣬ص²仯Ȼ΢ڼ뼫֮䣬ϼȴ¶ȸߣ䴦¶ȸ䣬ǹ΢ķҲ֮ӡ
ͣʵ飬ʱֻӶȣԲͬٶ֤
ˣǰߣʱϿתֱֻмķ磬ѹʱܵѹͬ¿һ˷磡
ѹԽ󣬷Խ󣬵һ̶ȣγɿ硢硢磡˵ţѾʵ
𣡡
ӳ˫ּγ


906 飬ɱ
飡
ǿ˺ϱĴ˫ּķţƬҶƬƬƮ䣡
𣬳Цݣ紺Ҫѹͬÿܹʹõķɲֻм뼫
óȣٴλ£ѸȻѹӰŷܵȵȣǷʲôйأ뵽Լٳȭڿв𻨵Ļ棬򡭡
ţǰߴӪѾǰ
֪ǰߣǸ᲻ɱأ֪ǰߣĻᣬӣ޷˵ˣϿеȣЦ棬ƴӰɣǺһģһȣʩչߡ
꣬ӰͻسھӪſڣھӪſڵģǡǰ¾ľʿǿͻȻ֣Ҳ־֮ɫȴǹ㾢£׳ʵ˭
һЦ˵һӳӷԲƽվλվλ
ƶӣ̤žòԾϽͣ²ӣòȫһĳϣֳֶʵǳ
ǼԻϽ˧ӡʥּȡ˳ƽĵ˸Ͻϥ£˷ܵغǳˣԣǳ˧
·ɡ
Ц˵Ϣúܿ죬΢һ̫ӻʸʹһɴǰӭӣʸȫЦݣ룬ֻԼˣֻб˻ʸһۣţϣѾϣȻһʲôкڡ
ǰҲ֪Ͼǵĳϣ֪ϾȻǳԹھ򸮵ǰԪ˧
ԣϾܾһӦֱ꣬⣬о⣬Ұʱû˸аŭԣӻԾѵӣ
ʱ֮󣬳Ͻǰߵľ˽͸Ŀǰĵ̾ǱϲԽһµʮ֧Ẉ̂ܵԵľ֧һ֧
ʸЩ󽫣̸ŸֹԼıʱϿ˵ҽЩȫնɱˣܹһ
һʱžȫ𾪵Ŀ⿴ųϣǶ֪ЩİٰʮʣЩʮ۰
ϣҲܽȫնɱɣ
ھУ
Ұɻѵʱ򣬻ʸ˵˧ܽնɱ֮ܽǰʧȥģȫܵõ࣡
ϵͷЩ£ͽ̫ӵˣֻȥնɱЩǿ߾Уˣ飬һҪĲǵж㣬ǵõԴж٣ڶԿһ£սյԽ֮أյø
ʸҲǺͿߣϵĽ飬۾һȴ˵۰ɣȥɻˡ˵꣬ӰһԾʧǰ
ϴӽϢƬ̣֣֮ôôʱ䣬ȻϣЩȻӣҲô¶
˵Ҳϲӣ
Ҫս
İٰʮʣʮۣȷһӴҪӲƴϣȷܼ֣ǳ֣ǣС¡
۶ܴЩνǿߣҲͨİɣ֪ܴܲǿߣ
һϣգٲ㲨
ôפʱǡϣºڷߣɱҹţһӶӴʿǰ߹һѰңһӺ֧һ֧פء
߽һԺӣһٶʮϥĿ֮УЩ˲ⷽɱİɣ
󣬳ϳ棬ֳһ˿Ϣٶȷǳ֮죬ñɱ֮ˣһĲҽжϢ֮УȻˡ
һһһһŸˣ
һٶʮʣնɱһ֮ʣµĶʮȻû˿ȴۣΪʱ䣬ˡ
ۣվĶʮʣŵһʬʱˣãȻ֪룬Цˣ
˭
ʮĴչʮ־䱸ҳ˵֮ˣȴûаַ֡
սˣ
һͷβ󱲣Ҳҡ˵Դֱӷˣķȵ˿ûãѪɱ¾ļնһͷ­ʵǾ


907 иߵλ
٣ŴҪʣڴǰĴܾӣʵ٣аʮ࣬ӦʮʣһСĿ
˭˵˭Ͳ
˵仰ʱҲûֹͣɱ¾ʮת˲֮䣬ֻʣ°ѾĿĵĴ
ϧȻֹɱ¾Ȼͣ˵£
Ϣ֮󣬻վŵʣֻһѾɵˣеķ˸Źâȴǲҽʩչȥ
ʱһǰֵһֱۣһӰʾ㶵ضţûа춯ﴫһ˭֪𣿡
ڡ
˵һ֣ʱ㷴ӦϽҡͷûбʣ֪ȺˣѾǱܸϴԣֱӽͽڣʱѪ⡣
ʰսָǵԪˣȫ֮һգǰȡĲһ޺ˣ˵ȻαӲƷʵԪˣе󡣡
˵ô˵ҲûнһٶʮԪӵϾҲ⣬ЩԪ֮еҲ١
΢鿴һǵĴָ¶ЦݣܵĻۣȻḻһʵĴָôö֪Щ۵Ĵָֻʲô
֮󣬳ȥԺӣȻЩʲûǰһǸŸԵ飬ȴǸš¡ĳϸƵĻᣡ
һʱ䣬İٰʮʱȫû֧ȫȴûĶûУͬҲûʳЩ˭ϡ
һ֧ʮۣפڳ룡
ȥ֮ʱʮȴȫ䱸ܣ룬ȴɳݣһŰԵãһòģģһأȻеľƺֵܲһ˵ǣӴһɫ·пĻʸɫһ
ʮ㻹һĴ󰡣
ţûǰֱɱȥ
ȻǴ㣬ǿɾ͵Ҫһ㣬һ㣬Ȼǿɾˡպãϰôãûù죬ͱˡ
˵֮䣬ѾѭصһѶѵ󷨲ϣڳϱչصʱ󷨲ϲ١
϶󷨣ϾͨӵʱϾͲһپʮСĴΪ󹥻ĴŮ֮ս󷨵Ȼǡ·̯ҲǰйģǳԼϳ
󣬷رǿǿŻܣʧǵȵȣ⣬ϻǸڱΧ֮˵Ԫܣ
󣬽ʲôأ۾һת˵ɱģͽɱɣȻЩףûаֻҪãɱˡ
˵꣬ϴʮ۵ߣ˽ȥɳϣѾƵ˾·ȫ裬ұҲھԵһƴ֮ûˣҲ벻Ϊʤĺð취̧ͷߣ˵ɳϣҡ
˻ûнǸ䡱³ڣϾ˵Ƹۣ֮߻ھɱȥ㻹зΪʤĻᣡ
ϵĻ䣬סȴԾȣ˵Ψһһ취ôڻھģھѹĵطǡ
˵֮ɫȻŨתȵʲôˣ˼еˣҲعæֱӣ𾪣Ա߿ʮػţôģ
ʮеΪ˲ɫ⻪ҫһ۾һתȵôǸġ
ϳ¡¡ԳΣӰȴǴߵм䣬˵Ϊҵ컢ھĴ󽫾
һＤǧˣ
ϳֵλãѾڳе˵ӽŵľ䵽Ŷ˵ǻھĴ󽫾ǲǴĽ
ھ󽫾ǿԼ侲һ䣬˵ܿƸۣȷʵﻹȱһԪ˧֪ûȤ
Ԫ˧

иߵλΪѾǴǰߴԪ˧ˡ
С
ָͷƲ˵ԷΪ򣡡
λãǲߣΪǰǴĹھˣǵȴҲƲס򶨵ɫޱȵؾ̣ȴٴһըǱƣ


908 ô÷ʵһ
Ǳƣ
һ仰ֱӽڳеˣըû𣬰˵仰ߣ
ΪЩˣԴھ׹֮Ǿ裬ǿһ֮ӲɱѪǽ֮׵һڣɱòҳڰ
Ҫǣ˻֪ڱ벼ֵʧܣҲһɵģǴӹھ˵Ǵӱ˵ܵĹϵУ
ЦݣùǸ֣ôˣǺ£
ʹ˼ڿˮѪ˵Ҫʲô
Ҫģֻ𡣡
ҵ
ŶһóʮƷԪʯ
⣬һ˵ֻҪĹңʮƷԪʯ͵
˵ּ˵ܼǴܣ˵ʮڣʮڣҲڻ£⻹ڵѾҩѾʧ󷨣֪ͳƬأüǧ꣬⼸ǧУѼı֪ж٣󣬶ǻɲһĵرٵÿֻҪܣһ֮˴졢Խҵϴܻʵ۱ʱһ֮£֮ϣ
ټ˵֮ⷬУȫջһº˿۾ųǳģε̰֮⡣
Ŀ⣬Ϥˣﲻһ仰ӣλдջܽշǾֵùеҵֵǣҲܾùң
۾ȷʵ̰֮⣬ЦʵҪʲôǶܸң
ֻҪõóģ϶Ŀǰòģ뾡취Ҳó˴úܸɴ࣬Ҳг⡣
ڳҷȥǸ֪ɣ
֪Цˣȳϼʣ˵гٷ֮ʮǶУֻҪ㡭
ܵôʥɣ
ɫһͣϵȷһʥıܹóģԥ֮䣬˵ǵӦòٰɣ
ܶࡣ
˼ûоʥҲǿʯͷ
ЦݸˣЩش𣬲ݵ˰ǰƿٵħҩǿɾˣֻҪҩ룬ƳٵҲͲԶˡ
ͻأʲôʵǴû

һɻˡ
ǴĶûйļ֮ģ
еĿ΢΢һ˵˵ҲУеĻǿ϶ڸʵǸλãеһУģ
ûйڴǱߵļأ⣬ׯ˵Ļûԥصҵ֪һЩ˵Ǳߣһ磬ֻйǱߵļأҲȱ˲٣Ҫھܹ㡣
ϵͷѣЦһ⣬Уռķزأ
µʮֻǿȫȨյģ˵ռķزأΪ⣬ڿҪҪӪˣԣǳԺ˵ԱߵǸߣҲڵͷѣȻǷǳ˸ղŵΪ
Ȼϲû˵ҼӪһĻȴ˵ȻǺô÷ʵһ㣡
˻һˡɫ䣬˷ɵ飬ޱȽʲô˼
˵أҿǲ࣬ӽϵģֻһߵģ֪ôһϲ
˵һҪͱˣԳ˱
ԣҡҡͷûкԵʸڣ㣬ץˣ
Ϭʮۣ߽ۡ
αӲƷˡ˵ţתͷߣЦ˵㵹ǻʵģһǴԲۡ
˿źѹ̸Цĳϣ˵ֻҪһ£İٰʮʣϢʱ䣬ܸϵʱҲѷɡ
šЦ˵ŲţҪһ£᲻
⻰ֱˣȴǷ
֮󣬱ǵȴ
תۼ䣬Ϣʱȴûһʵ˲ţٴηȻûҪηʱ򣬳˵׷ˣˣĲǻˣԪˣ
ϽİٰʮԪˣڿС


909 ɱ
İٰʮԪˣڿУɭɭȻѡ
ˡߵ˵УʲôԪ˰İٰʮţİٰʮҪĵӰ
ϢУİٰʮ߽ʣնɱøɸɾ˵Ͼӵʵ˵ЩʣʲһɱϾҲǰè
ˣǴ󲿷ֶúܰģΪǻûзӦѾˣһϵƵᣬǵĶȴκˣ
ʮ̤ȫϣҪԳɱ֣ЦȰοǧҪҶҪȻŭҵɱԣǾͲˡ
ôţ
ðɣΪõ̸Уķڷɡϸֶµ³֣𣡡
£ɱȻʱһƬռ䣬ȫɱ֣ʮ׹Ԩɱһ㣬Ѫ⡣
ڴˣǵĿ֮Ժ֮ɭɫãջĳŮްһ𰡱˪֮࣬Ǿ޴ʯ飬ش䡣
˺ܲˣûбŮΧһһգһű˪ͷžʯ䣻˲ֱȭʯͷҺ˪ݲϷڶ࣬һʱ伤ססžʯ
Ʒ׶ǼƷƷ
ߵǱһȺŮΧţֻȴûаܵӣţʲô󣿡
ɱ󣡡
ɱ󣿡һ飬ܡ֣Ϊ⡰ɱ֣䲻ɱ󣬡аԣоŹлΣޡ
˵һѣ˵кܶ࣬һûпĴôֻɱ󣿡ôҲӦþһ춯أư磬ޱȵֲǡ
Цȷɱ󰡣㣬Ҿɱ㣻Ҿɱ
֮߳˵Ʋˡż尾ˣȴûôȪϣ
⻰Цѣ㲻
˵ҰҸǣڵص֮£Ҳǧ׶ѣ
ǧף
ˣȫǾ֮Ͼˡ󡱵뷨
ʱ˵ǰɣڣңأȥأ
ΪôױЮֵģ˵ʱˣЦţǰʱûʥ𣿱˼ʶʶʥ
潫۾ôʥĲСӣֻжһ˽ȾȾһգųɹâɨ俪ȥɨ֮һ𣬱˪ʯ飬ЩŮһ࣬Ҳѳޡ
ɱҲǲҡѣ֮ǶҡζĴƺһ˲䣬Ҫ𣬡ɱ󡱾Ҫ
ǣֻΪˣɫò԰ʱɹâͻˣǿô˲ҶֱֱɱҲ
ʱɱǽһЩЩһʯ˪ܶС˲٣סǻǲġ
˵ʥȻֻϧȫȻӲʵ
ٵ⣬Ϊֻʩչһ𣿡
ѵΪһʩչڶ
˸ϽȡҩҪãһ޴ʯͻؽͷۿҪͷ­˸Ͻֵһǿŵҩû̷ǡ
ţϼˡɱԪĹܣʱ֮ڵԪȫԴԴϵرȡУ߾ѣ˹ܣ
ܻǣֻûʸöѡ˵ţӰɱ㽫ŵİ˽Ⱦ
˼״ѪӿԪңһѪ˵Ͽɹڴ˶
ȫ˼ʱ䣬ű˵ļҪˡ˵ţǰѾ޴ʯ£Ȼ䣬˵ͷ֮ࡣ
ĻˣҰģţţҪʲô
ﻹôﰡϷ̸һ䣬˵һܵõԴʲôҩ֮࣬ٶȣ͵ҵҪģǸϵгĶһ㶼ٲã
㻹Ҫʲô
ʲô㣬ɵúúһףϱ˵ţڡɱ󡱵Ļϣ˷ֹ֮⣬Ҫֹ㣡


910 úúн
ɲҪɵӣҸʮƷԪʯͰҴˡϵ˵յ껵ˣȴᣬ֮ǰѾĻ˸˰˾žţһЩҲ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵˷Ļǲģƣ㲻ҶԱ֣
ŶΪʲô
ҪõЩٲñǳ˰붡£һԪʯҲõ˵úеҲͬ˵ǰɱ㣬ȷòЩԪʯǣ˵ʲôʧұͲӵЩòˣԺһȥˣȴһҲҪЩ˵С϶ˡ
˵ɫҪж࣬ѨѾ˼ҵڣ֮⣬
ִһ󷨲Ϻ˵㲻úúĻҿкְܶ취磬ʮ֧ȫնɱɾ֪ʵģ˵ʮ֧ʧȥʱ㸸ʻôأ
޴ʯ֮µĵ껣ŭһϨˣס챱Խľʮֻʮ֧٣Ľ֣ǸλãްԵ֡
ٱ磬һľΪ
껵һһУνģûΪǾ;Ժ;ûԪʯĹϵ˵ֵǣὫ֮졣
Ҹ㣡
껴䣬⼸ָ˳
ȴЦŶҪҰɣҰȥˣ˳˵һ䣬氵һǰĻĺˣֻҪһᣬˣǴܵġ
껵С˼ƣ뵽Ƶɱ֪ǳĻɱЩͷȫ˵ȥﻹͣظԼҪģҪֻҪţлᣡ
ţ껸˳һƣ˵ƣ֮ܵµԴȻ󣬵ֽʹƵȵȣȫ˵˳
ϽӹƣЦԹԺнġһ䣬Χŵ껵һ˪ʯȫʧһգȡ֮ģһһ˿ҵŮ
ƣԼĺɫƣóŵ껣֪Ǵܣûӵƣ껳˰죬ҡҡͷߣҡͷʾ֪
ܵ˶ƣǴʲôԿףһͺڵһһǿһ嵶Ҵ֪ûС
˵ţ󣬰յ˵Ƶĳ˽֮£еԴҩȵȣȫ͵
֮󣬳ϼеļƻǣեɵϵԴթܻʵһʣʱĿŻᵽ
ΪӭǸ飬ϽԼ󷨣һһزȥ֮࣬㽫󷨲ȫꣻ󣬳ֽ껡ǵĴָȫսʺڲĲϣȫһ֣ϲ󷨣ΧԽԽԽԽ㣬Ѿ֮һǡ
껴ָĺöʵ٣ƷȻ˲ָųԪĴԪöʮ׵ڵ
˵ĴָҲԪʯϹһ£İʮԪˣдָЩٰʮ۵ԪһȡͨӦò⣬պɡо̤
뵽ûѶٹ򣬱㽫ʮſԪУ󣬳ϸԼһ󣬽еԪ֮ȫѻһ𣬶Ԫ֮УתС
ʱԪϲڳڣ
һ棬ǵĴܾʿҲ쵽˲ԾһƬ򣬳أֻȥˣûпˣң֧Ҳû
ǵ󣬴˳ȥʸʴû˳ǿ壬ܾʿȻǶ֣һͿأɻʸȴûгûǸϾɱֻսеԴ֮󣬽Խĵϸȥ
µˣȴǴŴԴǸ
ǼĹսֱùһУ޹أо̤һ
˾ͽȴǷʮɽĲΧħ޵ļҲԽԽߣߵģѾﵽ˰˼


911 ζս
֮󣬡о̤ͨӰٴγڡɱУ΢ɢһЩƣϢϾʹСˬСԡ
ˣЩӦ͵˰ɡ
תߡӰһֱӱڵҪĵطȻغţûǶ˵ֱƣȡǵĴָһصС
ϲսƷ
Ȳ鿴ģȻǳٵҪЩҩһ鿴ϱ㸡Цݣ֮ǰû˵ٻʮζҩóʮζǰǱѰݲԪݺͺ찬㣬䣻ʮζ֮ǰѼһظȴҲȫظӳձ˺ɵ껾ò
ۺʮζҩֻζҩ
ֻζˡ
һпȥƷħһζҩӣҲҵˣķİټǾͶȥ
ʮ౾󷨹űȫģ
ǵƷԪʯʮ֮࣬жʲô֮࣬ȫƷԪʯĻֱ߰ʮڣЩͲԪʯģǳٵ
⣬ܣжôĵֻ̣ǴܵеһôӴԴֲ۵֮࣬ô࣬۵ҩݣ϶ҲޱȣҪǽܻʵ۸׽סĻõԴ֪ࡣ
뵽⣬ͻؾãǲС˴ܣܱϾǰĹƬؼǧˣôĵ̣ʵӦҲ̫ܻвٵֶΣû¶
ϴóȱҳĹűűıǴǱߵ磬ֻ΢һ㽫űһָⶫȷҪȴеʱ
ʱװڵĴָһδ𶯣ϽڵȡԸоڵǹǿҵļҪԡĿϺԥĽڵŽһöװڵʯȺӴԪ֮ﵱУι˺ڵһЩ롱Ѫ
󣬳øյõ󷨲ϣġɱ󡱡
ʱ˿̣ŮΧŵ껣ȴѵòУʱ䣬óӦõЩдţƣҪģҶˣң
ϻصɲУ
ƣ㡭
ǰ˵Ҫ㣬ȻҪ˵㻰ˣǲǣ
ҲҪ˾ȣֻҪңܸģࡣҲ֪ϴʲô⣬ް취ֻһ׵ġ㡱
ˣ֪ǧǰƬϣ﷢ս𣿾ֹսսԽ࣬ĿԽӴԽҵԽáͻȻ⣬Ҫֹս̺϶֪жŨֹս˴ܻм֮⣬ңûһϢ
սһ˵˱͸㡣
˼ˣ̫ˡϲȫû껵ЦǰǺô죬һأҲʧɡ
˱
ܲãʧĻҲʧġ˵֮䣬ѾǰץסұۣӿֱӱʧҾͼʧ
ס֣Ҹ㡣
ס֣ŵ껣ΪʲôҪײĲŵأ
ħ껶ųϣҧгݣԹ˵һ֣ЦýħҵĿֲ𣿡
һͣ˵֪ģһսڵĺɽ
ɽ
𰸣ǺܾȣһδһӳѵĵطǺɽлкôһƬ򣬱ʩչľ㣬˻ĮڵĺɽѾȫռ죡
㲻úɽλãǱұ֮𣿡Ц˵ϵͷ˼Ŀؿŵ껣ʵǳҪһ⣬ȻǱƣҲӦһ£㣬ɵϣкʣǲУ
Ŀ⣬ǰʱȫһ껲滨ֱ˵ûв´ĻȷڴҵӦϾŵ
Ͼţ
ϾԽһ񣬺ʵԽڱ¡껽֪ģȫ˵˳ԽһˣҪȥԽ
껼飬ƺ²⵽ʲôæ˵ȥԽһܰæ



912 ڵ̣ׯܳ
ܰæ
һʣһת켴ô£ݺݵһ٣ɵģ껵ˣ껵ȻҲҪľ֣ǸϾţҲ
㣬Ц˵ɣ˵ԽұԽ⡣
Ҫģ⣬ûԴܻʲôܵ˭Ҳ赲ˣôõݷΪ˻ָյٹ⣬ܵĽŲһƣ˵һϾ赲סġ
ԣҪĵģǲֵǵǿвԣ껽йϾŵ˵ú
ʵǼʥôõģʲôܣ
˺һ˵ǼʥаȾ껵˵ЦŸ˵һ֤˺ķϣŵһܹҪϵøã˵ʱһһ֮أ
һ㶣뾪ϲû뵽ݺԼֵܣȻôһջ񣬳ϲϲеĵ껣Ҫȥġɱ󡱣ڵ˴ָϸϽڵȡ
һȡϸסˣô̵ʱָӴԪ֮㹻ϴͨӰԪ֮ȫһˣڵһɸɾ
ڣڵڸϴݡĸоҪԣ
ڵȹһһУʥɽףڵִⲻڵִҪ϶˵ٴνڵŽһöԪ֮Ĵָ˵СڣԼ㾡̶̣٣Ҷܸ㣬һ㣬һڵȥף
ڵƺ˳ϵĻڴ̶ָעǸ˰ΪԪʯŬܶɡ۾һת󣬳ûвáɱ󡱣ȴǴϡ¡ʣµľ֧֧ȫץˡɱ󡱡
󣬳ϲŽעڡɱϣɱ󡱵ķΧţȵ֮󣬳Ͻе󷨲ȫһһ󣬶ɱҲ˰ǣ
ϣϵһʱ佫ڵȡڵġ롱ѪֽŽһöָȻ󣬽ൽǰһʱ䣬ҪలжలΪȫڳġɱУĲƽϵ󷨣Ҫ֪󣬵ײ˶ٸ
ǣһ㣬߶
ûеϺˣԪڤ٣ߵΪֱɵΪ󣬲˵鷳ȥܻʵ۴һҪӵȳЩۣ㹻ԪʯԼӵЩ۵ֵǮͻһһһǾС
ɫ䣬æͷѡ
֮󣬳Цϣܻʵܶɵȡϳ˴֮ͨУҪ㽫Ǭָľͨ꣬ڡɽĴ죡
󣬶Ǳ˶ʮˣΪ̫ߣͷǼʣʣµȫǼʴţƣϽȫҡ
ӦǵֻǳĬʮ˴һ֮ͨ󣬱㾶ֱɱ˽ȥһҲȫʧˡɱС
һơڡơ롰ϡ֮Ĺϵ´ˣ˷ܵľׯܣׯܵһʱͳɽҪ֪ʦ֣ɽȥħӵĴˡ
ׯܳɽȴĿ֮ǰĽׯֻˣȥ棬ׯĬĬɽ޺˵ϷͲţĹƣͱܹնɱʦֲϷҲնɱ㣬һ˾㣬һأֻ˭㣡
ʱ䣬ȻٴμǸʥ̨һׯҲûлָǰΪԣׯܴ⣬һȥǹĶܶȥЩľǿߡ
ǺׯܽйƵϢ˳֮壬ƵѪйɼƷҩһֻޣƿԲȵȡ
֮⣬ׯܻ˿ţϰ˲֮ǰͲ֪ĶׯܻųϢ˵Ƶϣʥ
ʥ棬ǣ˵ģгһǱϢЩǿˣǷ׷Ǹ
ڶ죬ϰǣ֪ɱ󡱵ûóȻ󣬶ŷɱȥ
š󡱵Ŀģ


913 ӭ
ص
ƣƣƵ׻޶ٺ£
ŭڹڻصѣ߹ڵϣһҶţǱȻ˼һ򾡣Ҳˣ޵ЩۣȻҲ
ƣ֮ˣ޵ĺ£Խ뻵죬֮أּ⣬֣ɱˣ
֮󣬵һ˵ЩҲȳϾЩۣĴôڵ껣Ҫˡ
Խ
ԽʱľƣƵģɱȴһҲţΪǱλ棬ѾˣֻҪ룬ʱضոԽȫ
ţϣƣɱұϣ£ɲ꣬ҵҪ㣬жǿ켴ʮ洫˱ɽ
˹У껿еϾţЦѣ벻ҵ磬ȻôƸˣؽУϴϴûᣬŵܿɲ
˰ϾŽ£Ըɳ߶˵ǣѰһᣬˡ
ҡ
һĻ㱨ЦСӣȻǸǻǵúã󣬳˵ѹСӵˣһͻѪ֣ˣɱɾ
ڣʸţ޵ѵԽԽ˼ˡȻֿڻʸܿϵϢһ˵޵Ҫͻˣ
ǣûʲôʿܾʿӰеȫߣ߽һصΪɱȶǺϹҵΪ̫߳ˣ߽˼˵
Щߣȫûпţʩչɣķͣغšɱ󡱣ǰδеġɱ󡱣ʵ̫ھˣһβ㣬ǵķȫ⣻Щǲҹ죬ɱȴ˿һ㲨ҡζûС
ɱι̵ɱԪȫĸɾˣҲûɱа㷴Ӧһֵ˵
Աһ˻صҲƣأϷͲţص׵ˣɱܴڣ
ˣˣ֮ǰʮʣص׻˷Բʮףһǧ߰ٶ׵ӣȴһ㶫ûп
ж
˭֪أ

ۣ洦ڷš
ˣӾڲͣ÷֮Уɿˣ
һ죬ûиŴߣֻмʮ⼸ʮߣȫΪϵǿߣΪǿǵָǲ
ģǱʮ洫ӡ
ģǴ֣ܵΪ޽ӽ𣻲ңǶ
ģׯΪ׵ģʮһڵӣ
ģȴǰˣǱǲǱʥޣǱ֮壬Ѫȵȸ˳
ЩˣȻôΪ֪ĸ֣ȷʵ٣ңѧӣбо֮ˡ
Ĵûçײء󡱣롰󡱣ܡһڶһ֮ˣ棬ȴǿ
˵üͷȫýǰġɱ󷨣ʵ̫ˣң֪󷨣һ磬ǰ󣬴Կɣ水ȥƣǽ־Ǳǽ򽣴ɹǣ
һһһգǾۼԽԽ࣬⣬ҩ֮࣬е鼮ȻҲǴǲ󷨵ģҲҪܲͻȻˣһӣǰ˺޵ġɱ󡱡
ģ̨ңһУһǱ
ɱеĳϣȻ֪ɱ󡱣ĺ䶯˿̣ѾͨˡǬָȻһʣµһͨΣڵ˺üöָԪˣԪȻۻޱȣڻ붯á
ϽڵУоģȻǺڵܶЦðɣȥңϣ㲻١
һʱ̣е֮ˣ¶ϲɫǰ󡢹ʯ󡢷󡢱ϣܹԴΪ򿪡ɱ󡯵ȱڣԴ֮Ե棬󣡡
ϲôЩˣüĿˡ
Ƕϲʱ̶ִ֣ǵĶ
׳գ


914 磬Ϊʦ
׳գ
֣ϲǴȳڶǵÿ˶ˣߣʱࡣ
Ǹû
ҲΪǸˣǿľԽǿԽԽҪӣλڹ컯֮£ڴ֮ͥУΪʱȴ˺ȳΪ׳գ
ǿŽģôܵˣӣô£
ԣŭʵϷΣ
ҪʲôҶ㣡û˿ѹ仰߳ŭϣЦݣϽ˵ҪϵѪ

Ҫôİ취

һҪеʥ

ЦˣûټҪȥׯҲóġ֣סˣرһ֣ׯһƻʥɣڳҵõģҲпܣҿǴ壡
߸ϽҪͶ뵽֮Уȴ˵һ¡
ѵҪڣѿڶЦҸҪڣֻһ£ҪƲʲôܸҵģ
һסˣղֻŴӳϵõôȴԼҪһȦûԼʲôõóֵģ˵Ҫʲô
ɣƲҲҪˣЧҾˡ
Чң
ԥЧǾζŵ˼ˣ˼ɹ˵˵ǼֱҪܣô˿ţֲܷ䣬ֲܲģ
ô㲻Ҷˣ㲻ҪʥҪҵѪҪ֪ôˣ˵ţһָ¡
ʱһն
衪žһ죬еߣһ˾ܿ磬ܡ
簡
ˣˣǰһܹ磬϶Ƶԭ򣡡

һʱ䣬𾪡ʼ̰ȵȵĿ⣬ȫ˳ϣǱׯܣҲĽȻ۾ĳޣǴɽǱҪǱжǱرǸ𡱵Ļ档
ߣɫ죬٣ѿ˵ãϷӦ㣬ϷƲϷЧң
ȥưɣ
ϻӻ֣鸡ڿУ֮ǰһֱ統õģڱ¶˳Ϊƾûжˣԣϱʩչ磬˳סһЩˡ
ɨһ鶫ǵߣ˵üһ㣬治٣ҶССϺҪǽȫˣӦùСڳԸٰɡ
󣬳ϽĿⶢסׯܣЦҲˣ
ȻҪϷҪ
ǲ˼ҿҪʧˡ̯̯֣˵ǰɱң㲻ɱңһᱻɱ첻Ҳٴɱһڣ
СӣΪôߣȫǰ𣿡
ôǰأ㣬Ǵ㣬𣿡Ϻ˼ɵ˵ʵôûأҽĹ¼˳
ʦֲóϷҲնɱ㡣ׯûа˵꣬㿴ֻ˵ҵҪôնɱң
ׯɫһ䣬һڵɭϽ䱸߳ɱ󡱣ȫȥ
һһ̤ˡɱ󡱣̤ɱ󡱵һ˲䣬ʲôʮ洫ӣʲôܵǿߣʲôˣȫ׼նɱȥ
衪ž
ϼһ磬ׯϣʱׯϵķ˸飬Ҳ˸ڵҺҳ֣ϸо̲ڵڵ磬ƺǿ˲٣ѵһ˿ɫԭ򣿡
ţȴ˵ׯܣһڵ˽ԹҪ֣ͱҲˣ
ɭԣҵɱڳȫסһƬžû˸Ҷֺ
Ҳסˣתͷ˵û£ר󣡡صͷӦ£
ϻعӣׯȥǰ㽫Ҵˣǰ¹ǰɱʦ죬һʮٱػ㣡
䣬һٴׯϣֱӽûзׯѪ
һ磬Ϊʦģ
衪ž
һ磬Ϊʦģ
˶òΪסһӰǲ԰ѩףѪ
ôظڳԺϲͣ磬㣬ׯܸ֣ׯ޿ӣŭţЩЩȫΪʦģׯܣ죬ҪѪԴοʦ֮顣
ׯܣ°ɣ


915 
£
£
¡
ڿлص಻ׯϣׯѪĽׯӣĴվ綼Ӱεظ
ߣ㣬죬նһʱ䣬˶ڵǼڣȴôʵؿ˽ʹ
ׯܱëֱȫƤ棬һƬڣׯܿǱնɱϣԱɽľĶ
ʱ˿̣ׯȴһα裬ׯﻹܵˣˣǷŭţųϳȥؿըŭֵƣϷһɱ㣡
£
ɱɱ
ƾòɱ򣬻ԡɱ֣Цţﱻׯܼšɱ򡱿ŰĻ棬սȭѹںʥɷϢں
ׯؼЦ˵Ƶ𣿡
㡮ɱ򡯣һȭӣ
ׯЦЦһȭϷġɱ򡯣۾ˣϷ֮򣬲֮ƾ㣬ƣǳ룡
Σ
ҪһȭƣϷ͸ֺηׯ϶Ʋˣ˵ʩչǸЩ˼ɣҪ˵һȭׯǴţţɱѾֶȥٴνϺݺݵŰ
ȭͷеѾѹʮڶʮѹ˵ǾԸ
켴ȭ
䣡
ʱը쾪һ⻪𣬴ʹߵ۾
ׯܵӣһɳ㣬ֱڿգ顱һڵϣûҳһӣȴǷڵϣʮΣׯһѪſڵϡ
һȭˡɱ֮ӿеѪ֯ȫƻеĹͷȫѳǾҲһضѿ
ׯܵΪֱ𾳽磬һ·µ
ڳȫˡ
ıƣȻ⺷ޱȣֻһȭͽׯ״
ʣڳˣ˭
Ǳʮ洫ӾˣǴǿ߻ˣ˰һسɽҲһѡߣڲˣﲻͣһܹһܹ
֮ΪߺƲ֮ǰĶԼЧڳ֮⣬·ˣ˵ܣǶǾ֮£ׯܵĲ״ˡ
ϻɱһ㶼û˶ʹ֣֪նɱׯܣܻɱܻʵۣȽΪɱ¾Ŀ꣬ǰʦѾھȪ֮µ꣬ʦϢȥ
һֱ̤̤ׯǰ
ׯȻԶû򲻸ǰһУģѪڴһһľʹſڵϡ
£ʦ£ŵӢ£
ۡ
ׯ³Ѫڵӣ֧ŲڵţǻڵʲôϽһնɱѵҪ𣿡
ˣ΢ȴû˸ȳ֣ϵǿҶĿã˭Ҳȥǳͷ񣻳еɱȴŨһɣ
ѵǲϵʥҪѪҪׯܻڴţߺŵͬʱȴǸţûһͷ֧ŵ壬Ȼ˵ϣͷ
ׯܲ򣬿ѲܿԼ壬һĻЩٽһ֣ȨŵҪҪ֣ׯܻںţΪǲ֣ͻŹŹǵģһɱǣֻɱŻһǿ϶ÿ϶Ҹҡ
һϯպúЩ˵Ŀǵĵģ⣻ǣЩ˵ĿˣΪ棬ΪĿ⣬ͬʱֻҪһлᣬҪǵصĹ
ʵׯܣ˵𣿡
ҡׯҧʦһΪұģһģ
Ľңŵ˵ׯܿЦţʦϾͻΪʥΪɱùһʥ𣿹
Ŀһݣ˵ʥھͲһɽϣⶫǣ
ׯɫһͣһڵӣɱɱƣ
ɱ
һߣ֣쿪ָ˵ʦͽգΪ㸴ׯܵѪӢ꣡˵ָ꣬һ£
ʱǧߣׯܵ

ׯܻΪһƬѪ⡣
ʦһչ˺ǵģİɡŵʱһڵǿǣɱڵΧɱˣҲ⶯


916 ˵λ
һɫǿߣҲαӲƷۣ
ʮۣϹЩУǸûг֮⣬˶֡
ʮУΪ͵ģҲнۣ
˵ۼʶϵǿϴׯܣǣʮͬʱ֣ǳҲټЩ棬ׯǰ˵ЩǾһƴ
Ϊʦﱨ˳ׯܻΪһ̲Ѫĳϣعʩչ磬ҲʩչֶΣһֻȭͷӰһһʮȺ档
һʮۣʱŲѣʩչؼķϧҲãƷҲգסֻȭͷ
һʱ䣬ҽѪɡ
ϵȭͷף˽âƺӲȭͷͽǵءƵͷŸ
ת֮䣬ʮۣŵģֻʣ
ۣȫȻ嵽£Ҳʲôɱһ뱱֮ĳޣתӣӵͬʱеķȫȥҪԱֹס׷ɱǵĽŲ
ȻǸӳûֺȳڵɲǼ䣬˫̽ȥѸײڶ֮ƣķץģƳӡ̶УŽ˴ָ
ԣۿʱȴûһըûһը촫֪һ֮ͷȥ巢ʲôңϽӡ
ǱǷֳӵģȴһεסһȥƴȫȴѲˣһƿ㣬Ծȥ֮С
գƴĴӴۣܵӵͬһϣһֱƶ֪ŵٵϢһ˴ţƣɱǣ
Цׯܶɱοǣ
ʦ𲻻Źģһ׷ɱ㵽ĺǣ
ϾҪˡ
Ϸƴˣ͵˸պ仰ʱվͬһֱϣϴ׼һȭȭδѿӿȭͷۣӺȻˡ
ţڶ飬飬ĸһˣ
ׯܱһȭøҲһȭ顭
գۼ䣬һڵʮۣȫѪ飬޸ܣ
ѪһĻöǵǣпӿһС־塱ͣ޿ɵֵеȫǸСϡˣס
ȭӰζٴγڱʮ洫ӣǿߣ˵İΧȦУеķɢĪܣȻŴɱС
ϧʩչϾͽһڵʮۣնɱˣסҳ֣ϻصм䣬ʣµˣӶɲ
˵˵ǲ֣һ᲻
ϣ֪ǱˡһӣлңԱ֣ñͷסϣЦ˵֪
棬Ѿˣǿߣ
ɱǣضҪأ𣿡Цţȴûеķһ㣬Ȼ˵ǷŹǣǣնɱϵ飬ʹһʹ
ⲻǣ
򡭡
Ҫأ
Ļͻᡭӻ˵ţȴǿĸǰֱ
ᡭᡭᡭ
ӽţȴ͵رһ⣬ֱϮأﻹСȥɣ

ѪӲҽһ룬ԪϵĽҲ֮ʧ
ʦ֡
ʣ¾һ󺰣һִȵͷˣȥ湬˵ã۸ĴۣҪɱȻΣӡ
£˷ֱŸ򣬳һЦ˵仰ͲԻȥˣϱʱ򣬾˳ΪǴ˰ɣ
£ϳ֣ߡ̤ӰȭɵӿŴΣʱſԴڿգ飬ͬʱоŹѪֱڿգѪӴӿк䡣
ʮ䣬ۣѣԽԽľǰƶǴǽںһ𣬿ȥȴоԶԶֹĸ
תŴǴԲǿߵ֣˵ǴǲҲǿߣ
Ȼһ˵ϣ㻵Ǵ̫ļƻǳˡɱ󡯣ųۣܱ㲻鷳
˵λ
ϣΪǺЩһᱻһȭɱǲʶ̧٣죬ڣ
ŶҵҪжôǿʵ˵Ļ
ɱ󣡡
˴ȳ˲̤ΣʱХȸأ
δ۾ȴس
ΪУŵģȻǡ


917 ټۣɻ


ǳԾˣֵָŵ͸ܿһģһ
˵еͬһϡ
һѪջ
ϿŶˣϹâһһƤס״ķϣĳĹâǡƤסͫ󵽼£
Ϊ⡰ƤסȻҲǡסƵ׷
ף޻ɣ϶ҲǴѪϵõģŵյĻ棬ȡۣȴһȺްΧûдָֻһһƬֻۣ֮ߣЩôģϾҲ֪ˡ
ʮɽʲôţ֪ΪΣĲұ䣬λʦʧ٣ǡйϵ𣿡
ŵͬʱ۳εӣϷЦŴȵ˰ɣϧҲˣʥϵķɲʥ
ҲһȭٽǺ飬Ϊ㣬۳ͻ֮εӣָϵ˵
˵ǿֵ֪ܲܵסһ
㻹һ·ǾǳǴܣǱһ
ĸˣһһ䣬ǻıֳ˼Ѿǳ˳һ㣬϶ǣһ仰˵۳εӣֺȵǲײĲˣ㲻ǾͱǺɱˣ֣£
ɱʱһŨŨɱֱҪû
ɱ֮УڻԾȸɹӿ
³˺ԪԪɽֱѹϡ
ǻ³˺ƺƽ⣬ɽ״ֱնϡ
ȸһٳϡ
ǹӿˮͳϡ
󣬻ĸ棬ֱ̳Ҫ
ƣһݣҪһٽϾɱУ
ۿҪ٣ϵÿһë֮Уɢ޾ɱɱɱеɱ
˴ʧɫ
ȴ֡
ʱžը죬ĵ罵£
һʱ𻢡ˮɢԪɽˮҲɡ
ֻʣǻȸ϶ǻȸоһɼΪϤϢѪϢҲȸӵõѪһ֣ʹȸûб
ߣûѪ֮Ȼǵֵסˡ
ˣԼ۳ֱӱ𣬳֣һͣӻֹҪ㲻ղˣģôʹأ
ǻȸ˵ûбҲأɵҲҡҡ׹ģϵ𣬸ɫ˲٣ֻҪٽһ磬ܽ
ɳûȸֱ֣ץס˻ȸĲţת
ȸӼ״һЦץûϷȸȸ˵ŵͬʱԺѾֳ˳ϱըýͷ棬ƤѪѵĻ档
ȻֳڣȸȴûбըʧˣʧڳУԪ۳ĻȸޣҲʧˡ
˵˵ûдûн۳һֻȸҿ
ôܻʧˣ
ȸӾ֣֪ȸʧˣǱϸˣ
ȸ𣬵ĸȴǽ֮࣡
Ӳһ
ûᣬֻ֣ĵ£ֱˡ
Ϲ⻪һȴǵס磬ûʲôˣֻ΢һѪ֮ǰׯܵĲ״˵Ǻ˿ɲֻǧ򱶡
˻棬Ա߹սˣǵǣҲھȵţϵķʲôķȻܹס硣
ǣһǳϵĴɱɾûˣҪˡ
ܵȻǿ

ۣȴûһ˿óϣ϶ϱˣ֮Уһߣϵķ۾⣬ƺ뵽ʲôһ
ôҲ˰ɣϷ˵ⷨģϷ˵Ӳһģϣɣ
ŵؿЦţ˵ЦҲǻŷ
Ϊҵû𣿾Ƶķֵܹס磬Ϊ㹻Ԫάס𣿡
Цţ˵
һ仰ǵĶȻ󲨣ӵѿڶô֪ϵķá˵ͻؾѣ˵Ƶģ
ûлشȴ֣


918 ǡһ
žž
һţǿ߲óɱȫ֣ɱĿռ䣬ȫȻ磡
ϵķȻֵܹסĴ󲿷ܡ
ǣǿȴʹá
ԽҪĵԪ࣬
粻ͣع֮£˵Ԫƾ֮ˮ㣬ӿ׷ڵԪͱ˽֮ɫһƬ԰ס
Ѿס÷ֺǲӿԪͬʱȻڳΪʲô֪ϵķƵģ
㾿ô֪ģӺʵȸȴǸô֪ģֻҪ£֪ʲô֪ʲôѾûʱٺȥˣʹһУҪȻȥһУʹˡ

Ǻá˵ޱȣһɱ
켴˷ȡеԪ԰׵ϳѪɫ˵ΣתΧȴһַһĸоȸٴγ֣ۿȥȴֲǾǻȸǹ߽꣬нǡ
Ӵܣһǵذѹ
ԣһɱУޱȡ
ȻȴǺѹӣЦ˵һҵҪôҺϳһɱΪֻǲ𣿡
䣬ϵӰڶˡ
ңϵУһǡ
Ҳ˳ееɫȫת𾪣Ԩ𾪣ӾţôҲܣ
Ҳһأ
˵ţǰǿۣۣ֮֮ǻһ˵һ飬ۣǵЩƬǿ̫ˡ
㡭ôᡭʧ֮Ǹ˼ˣٿǰۣҲţǵķƵģǾȻɱһ
˵ľǡ
ʱǵǣˡ
찡
֮ٵֲǷܹסĹ
ǣôɱأ
ǰرƣҲҲۣ
һƬУһ˫۾ȴǱк壬ţĪǳϵѪйأ
Щ˿ûдŵϣ˵ţõϴףӦҵģ죬ԭ
ҧҧͷ˦ͷԭƾʲô˵ԭƾȭͷЦֻһҪĸĸɱһ𣿡
ҡͷЦô˵ǻͷĸ˵ͷҶöˣǲǾ˵ɱǣ
Цһ˷ŭޱȣʱﻹ֪еۣ֮ôģǺеͬһ壡
֪֪Ȼףôھǰ۵ʮɽõۣ֮
Ӻòۣ̤Ьٴɱ
ϵӰȻζתԪ˲̳žŰʮһԪʱѾΪһɢǻȸȸǹꡣ
ĸҲǵվţ
㣬ȴǵɱ󣬱ϾžŰʮһ̣ˡ
һƣȻϲһ
ֿˣһα𾪻Уɱǿս޲ʤ޲ˣ֪жǵϣƾɱԽɱˣǸͲʲô¶Է˯һƽ
ɽ죬ǵɱ󣬾Ȼá
ǾȻ˼ҷԽˡ
ʧǰ˵ôܹƵǵ󣬶ңô̵ʱڣ
ǰĺܰ׳աϵ˵ѵûмʶɱ𣿰׳գ˵һ䡣
׳ա֣ʹǵģ֮ǰǸߵģʹ
ûϷҲɱ㣬Ϸƴˡ̲סϳˣҲϽϣѪУȫǷȻ
֣һܼ¡
˶̶粽ƣ˵ȥƴһҲǲܵ飬ɱϵĻţȴֱסɺϣҪǸ˵ĻͲ磬սһ
ĸһ˰ǹϼЦ޻˵ӻĵ˵Ͳ磬Һ㵥


919 ʮɽ
˵Цˣ˵ҾҪ㵥ƾʲô
㲻ң
Ц磿ΪҺһǰ׳Ҹһᣬ㲻׼ԪҺ㵥
׼Ԫ⼸֣ʱѪˣԪô򣿲ԪǴԲ۾һ鷲ˣʲô
Ѫ֮ӣִŵؿųϣٴҧ㲻ң
㶼ֲסˣʡʡɣˣץţһñȽϺÿƣЦţȥֵӣֻؿų߽ȴް취
ϵ֣ܼ磬ץסǳ֣һӿӵʱѿѪ񽦣ǳ
е㵽˳С
֮󣬳ϵġסȥӵȻľʹ˱϶ߡסһʧͻᱻмׯǸ𶼲ֵĹοû𾳽磬ֻΪǡ
ӷֳԪõնȥץסȵ
ӵۣͱޣ۰򴦣տҲˣһӿڣƻ塣
ǹɹﵤﴦ˿ûͣͣĵ
Ӽ״Աȴһ̽צ븹ֱԪ˸ץӳ
Ԫ˶ʧԪӦסϵ磬ϵġסĴָ󣬽ӿӵڡ
Ѿ֪ԼɣɸоӳϴӴһ𾪣֪Ǻ⣬ϱס֮ʵ֪𣿡
֪֪ӻعʮְȻ˵ûֻ˵ţǰǳұ䣬֪𣿡
ɫ΢䣬ʵ㾿ʲôˣ
Ͻ飬ȫ֮۵ףѾɣǱ䣬֪֪֪֪ͷ֪𣿡
Ϸ֪ĳӣһмڹ˵ӣҲԣǴԲǿߣ߸ϣֻ㵱Ȼ֪ˣǲǳӣҵʦ
˵һƴӵϣѪɣϼʵ㲻֪ҵλʦ֪Ĳ¶𣿡
Ϸ֪һƨ£Ϸȥᣡ
ңΪʲôˣ
Ϸ˵ˣϷ֪
Ƕ˵ֻƨ£˵ȴȲɽҪأĮޱȣ˵˵һˣ
ӳĬˣ֪˵Բ˵
ǲҵʦǣײǵʲô£
óĬǹЦ
ԹԵ˵Ҽǵãһ꣬ʮɽħޣЩ쳣ǲйأ仰üëɲһ¡
Ȼ΢Сȴûӹϵ۾˵ȻǴģʮɽ棬ǲǴܵʲôܣ
ɫоǲӿκˣСӣȻƾֻƬУʹܲµҲԲ²Ǹܣʲôܣ
ţſڣͬ󺰵ǸϽԱǧҪ䵽Աͬ鵽ʱ˳ϵĹأ˵ǸܣĻԴ˵һ鷳£
ӵķӦ֪µð˾ŲʮˣʮɽдܵܣλʦײǸܣȻ󣬾¾λʦʧٵĽ
ӣĺȻ˿ɶûУҪԱϣӺȳһԱʱ򣬱ʩչ˵ɱһɶ
ţӰӵأֱǵĵһһظϣԪⲿ뵤ϵԱԱˡ
ûҵôԱˣϽʣµףȫսָ磬ʵңʮɽǴܵʲôܣ˭˵˭һ
˳˲˰ϴ׵⣬һң飬ȴûһҪ˵
һߣиϣˣǿҲǳϵĶ֣Ѿ⣬뿪Ƿ֮ء
һǿȻ̤ӣҪշ롣
ʱϵը˭˭


920 ˭˭ļ
˭˭
Ͽĸ֣ͺƴǧɵļƵģ
̤ȥĲӣڳĶʱʱͣס˲ӣҶֺ·ֻҪһ㣬ͻֱӱһ㡣
ˣҲߣֻڵǸߣǻôʱȻףƲǰǣ󷨣ʵ̫ˣһһ̺ɱһпĽ֡
ϺֹסǺֶԴ˵Ĳ˵
ɱɱôϻϷҲ˵ӵţǼ⣬һӣӵıҪһʣǼᶨ
Ȼӻ䣬ϱ˵ȥɡ켴ӱֱӱˣѪûҽȴǷֳɣ˵ϣ
һ飬۾ȴȫǷŭ϶Ž˵أ
ɱϷ򣬲˸ģġӵڿƮͱһѪߵˮӵǰ˵
۳ˮӣЦˣϣһ죬֪ʮɽʲôܣ֪Ǹܵʱ򣬾ڣ㡭

һѪڿգ˾ʣǸȸˣȸпͬ飬ȫˣôңһӶʣϸģͬӣޱߵĿ־壬籩еĲ
ȸпûһŭȳ־ȴǸѿ˵Ҫɱҡʵȸӵ־ҲǳϸɴغɱˣĪѹ뵽ϵ֮ǰΪǿƲֶΣзһӱˣźȺ˳
˵׳ľѪ
ĻȸУԹ׳˾Ѫʩչ֮󣬲ʵʮɽʲôȸӻԺеǵӡϱĿ⣬һº󣬸Ͻϴ˵
ԽԽȣȻȸ˵һ֮󣬳ϵظ̾һܣ켴˾ͽǻɫһ䣬ʵ֪𣿡
ȸҡҡͷ
ЩˣҪϽϢȥ˾ͽǸϽɲĲҾһη˾ͽǲλʦĺ󳾡
вͷϱ㲻˷ʱ䣬ֱһȺ˵ǰûĻֱӿżɽ˵߻𣡡
һƬĬһĳĬ
˵һ飬𣡡
仰£һԲΪŭϣ̫ˡû߼˵ȥĻᣬȭٴһѧֱߺɱ
ʣµˣɫҰףҲΪƲȥ
Ĳǣңڽ֮ǰʶ𣿲ʶҺйϵûϵĸУֻ棬Ķ˯Ķƨ¶أΪԼֱ̰ɱҵǰҪҵѪҪҵҪҵʥ̵˭˭
ţȻǶйԸǾȫһɣ˵꣬ϱҪ֣ӰʱЩνǻˣҳ
ҳ
ҳ

˼ͬһʱ亰ߣȴ˵䣬ҷ䣬ԸΪʹ
ÿ˽һξѪ
ֱӺȳлѪܵǰ棬ǲаֵ飬һʱ佻ѪһץߵξѪһһʩչ
澪㵣Ժӡһ̣Ǿ̵׵Ӵ֮ǵˣ˼һ֮䣬ǽΪūΪͣ
϶ߣ˵˵󣬲󷨺һʮ󷨺һΪΪ󣻳֮⣬ܱߣŴССʮ˸Ҫƴһͻᱻɸʬ
ϵĻ˿ɳϻ˵٣ﰵţղûóȻ֣ҪȻ˿Ѿˡ
Ǵָ󷨲ϣȫȡϽǰһڵӣ洫͵ӵ˵Ĵָȫռ󷨲ϣٶȣΧŶһ׵Ĵֹס߳ȥ
󣬶Իȸк˵ѶߵĴָȫռܸһԪʯ⣬Щ棬ҳһ֧ҵһڵĵӣĵӣܵˣɱ⣡
˵꣬ʲôӦϵӰѾʧڶǣ


921 ƫɽ
ϷתšߡӰڰмٴҪҵһеľݵ㣬Ϣȥ˾ͽ̡ϣҪ뿪
Ϣȥ֮Ҫضǡ
뵱ֻҪȥһöȴϣպײ˵㣬Ȼˡɱ󡱣˸ǿߣΧǣҲ˳ϵɱ¾
ʧǿߣǳ׵ǿߣܻģʹȻᣬܸոðҪľҪֳǿһ棻ԣܿ϶ɱ˵ǣ
˵ڳϻ֪ʮɽǸܣܸŹҪǸܹ£ǣһһģǴܣ˾ͽǣˣֻеȣ˾ͽǴȫ
ʧʮ洫ӣȻҲɷŹϣ
һڣׯܶնɱˣֻһأһҪɱģˣ
ϣȴܾʹ뿪ǣ¼һߣЩ˵ŭƱػļϣ˵гɱڣ˼ҴҲдɱҲдɱһпʥΪĴɱ
Ĵɱ׷ȥʸҵǸɱδǾͲö֪ˣпܻᱣסңҲпܻ˳ҡ
ʸҵ׻᲻֣һδ֪
ϲܽ˵һδ֪˵У
ңϸͲӱܣҪǣ֪ɽлƫɽУ
֣֮ҪϻضǣӦԡԵЩ£Щˣ
ڳϴϢĹУص۾Ż𣬡ƣĺǿǿ߶ɥ֣޲ٽ㿴С˵޴ô鷳һֱΪɱ㣬׵úܣһֱΪӰ첻޵Ĵ֣û뵽޴ˣӽ޻Ὣ㵱ɶ
һ˼֮󣬵ɳȥˣɳʵ̫ˣһΣὫֱӻ𣬶ǣ֮أ
󣬵ɱ߳أǰǣȡس֮ͷ
һ̧֣ǿһĴϣͻһ飬ģ޼ųϵ˵һϣɱұϣɱʮ洫ӣû¹ɽˣܺãȻὫɽɽƣǲǳͷűۡ
£ϵ񡱣رѿٴһ˿һӰȴȻ̤УŶһɶȥ
صأڱȥ֮ʱۣôŨŭ𣬿ʦǸˡֱۣ꣬һ˿֮Ĺ
һɽϣ滹ڱžأѰǡʥ̨סһɽ£һΪһڵӣһѵƣѣȥһȴֲң
ʸţһϣһأӣ֮ǰᱬĳ
ߣѾϢ˳ȥ˾ͽǵһʱ䳷֮⣬иҴϢóңǰһܹԸԸˣҲ
󣬳Ͻ˴ежȫϯһգЩԪ֮Щţͣظϻ˶ǡ
ڣһѣȻЩѾ߲ѣԽΧסĴȴް취ټ֮ǲҪԴ󣬸Ҫ԰ǿߣԼԽԽļǿӪߡ
ЩǺڲѣȫԹţ֪ҾͲ̰ģĻԵήҵϣ˶һ̲ˮ¿ɺãĻԵûнȴѾٵͷϡ
֮УһڡɱһɸɾǵԪˣҲѼʣµߣɢߣǴߣߣѪ֮£˵¸߹ͷ­ϱʾ˳Щ˻οԼǿ߶ˣһССʣ
ϻص֮󣬽еĴָȫ֮һգɸѡе󷨲ϣһμӹšɱ󡱣֮ǰָһ˳
֮һǳϲڿ籩Űʱ򣬻ʲô⣬ҪԵĿƣ
һ߼šɱ󡱣ϻһ߷˵껵Ǽ鼮ڳԼԼսϰˣܹһãɱûеҲڼ򡭡


922 Ի׼
֪⡮ɱֵܵסʱ䣬¶ٴιǧ˼һһ־͸ˣĻɾ̫ˡ
ϿǰĽ˵е󷨲ϣȫõøɸɾ߽Ƕûʣ£ң򵽵󷨣ҲһˡɱС
ġɱ󡱣˵ߣǰ޹ˣ
һ˼áɱĿǰ޸Ķһֻ󣬽롰ɱ󡱣껵ǰ˵Ǵܵʲôǿˡ
УͲ֪ⶫǾʲô飬ֻǿߡ֣ϲüͷæƣҲ򲻹ǵģϽ˱ڱЩԴٵϾŵĵȥתһȦ㱣һ
ǿѾˡ
ˣʲô˼һʱûлع˵˵˼ǣһͶңҵˣ
ܣ
ֱӷߵŮӰųϣǿߣټķ͹ǶϳҲпܽԽնɱôܽնɱأ
˵ķɣȡ׺껶ʱɵˣˣģĽǿ߸նɱˣ㡭
ûм˵ȥǿпסԼ񣬾򶨵˵㻹ʲôƲˣ껿еġһαˡҡ
˵һ£ҰǴǿɱֻ֮ʲôǿ𣿻Ǹ߽𣿻˵Ǵܵռʲô
ûоܾһ˵㲻ҵĻǴܵռʲôֻиʲ֪ҶԸʵ˽⣬ƻôƻθǽǿ£ʿ϶вȥԣɳ֣нǿߣ
Ǵܣжٸ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ǻðɣһ⣬֪ʮɽܣǲȫ
⣬ɫ䣬ô֪ʮɽǸܣ˵һ仰󣬵뵽һͶ˳ϣʱף˵֪ģҲǴţҲ֪ʮɽж󣡡
ŶϵͷǴΪǿߣôǿΪʲôҪôãΪʲôֱóɨƽ˱롢Խأ
˵Щۣǿǰûдﵽһ̶ȵĻʲô˵Щۣ˵ģĴ൱󣬾ͺñʣһõҩɹΪʣǾǴˣڲһۣǾ͸ˣ֪ʮ֧Ǵܻ˶𣿡
˵ЩȻǴ죬Ҳǳ򵥣˵󣬵ĳϿҵضԳ˵ǰǼܣõĴԱȴõö࣡
ӻܷŹң
ܣʾʧĸǿߵĸ֣Ҳ⣡ȼϣڴܣҸܹ㣬ڴ죬ʸҿ϶ݲǳңǳѾǿˣֶһ㣬ʵǰߣ˵ʹŽ赶ɱ˵̡
˵ⷬȷֻϧǰ˴ɱҵĵԣעУңҲϲǴܵķηηֻڰҹģ˵ǴܵˡϵõҪĴ𰸣ŵ껵ļЦٺúܰɣҲԺܲˡ
˵꣬ӰʧһѻɫŮӰ껰ΧųϵĻ˼ӰٴγһȺ֮УȺۣһںšɱ󡱣ЧȴǺܴ󣬿ѾǾߣ
ʱĮȡеԪˣз
󣬳ϵ֮ǰǸϥһ۾ž⣬˭Ҫҵ׼ãҸصĴۡ
ϴӴָȡһһעУֱܳܵļޣ
ʱ˿̣еķжټ
ķϾŷǧлмƷǸֱ֮ҪǼϷķֻʤݣ
ôӴһ;һδըһδ󹥻
ĹӦûһ㾪ϲɣ˵仰ʱĪ뵽˵ӣӵĵˣһģ
⣬Ŀǰûд𰸣ҲûʱЩ߸Ūöʱܵԣڷע뷨ʱ򣬻׼һǳҪֶΡ
Ǳǣ۳һ


923 ų
Ӱľȫֻͨǳһֱûʱ䣻ڣҪ۳ڹؼʱ̣һɱﵣ
תԪԪڡӰʮͨתš
ʱһʮϰٸϡӰسڳߣţһĻӰַٵһ
ŻӰصϵķʼ黯ʵԽԽʵϵȴжڷı仯
ֻƬ̼䣬һϵ۾ӡ͡ߣȵȫȫһӰڳǰ۾ķ
ȻղԼģ˵ģûȫԭŷһѪͨĸо
֣ȥоĲԪ֮ŻѪ֮У
ֻǣûиоɢΪϢҲôǿϻšӰ䵱ֵĳʱķű֮߳ģڣļʮʱȥҪмʮʱ䣬Ǿ͸ʲô棬ʲô߸ˡ
Ѫͨķǻޣбӿһɷǳǿҵ֮УţȫʶؽԪӡӰĵһתʮһһ飬ѭš
ͻأ۾һоǰķϢȻ΢ֻʿΪϢȴʵڡ
ѵǽʮѭתԭ򣿡
֮£תٶ֮״ʮΪһ죬ʮϷΪѾǵ߽ʦ
⣬Ͽϲӷˣһٰʮ죬ʮŸ죬߰ٶʮ죬һǧ˸졭
ϷΪ֥鿪ڽߣһ·Ӹ߽ʦǵ߽״ʦ߽佫ԲΪ
ʱѾת죡
ϻûͣ£Ȼڼתٸ죬Ϸֻ޽ӽΪȴôҲͻƳۡ
Īֻų۵Ϊйأ
ţֲ鿴߷ΪıǣҲǿˣϱǿ˵Ҫһ֡
ЩóϾ⣬óϾȵǣ߷һûоԪҲûûгϱڵĵ飡
ûԪˣؼԪ̤ͨն𣿵ķҲûԪˣ䣬ĳ𣿿ΪϢǴԲʾ簡Ŀң÷̤һ¡
ϷƮϵʱͲõԪԪţ÷նһʽ
䡱ر죬Ҳʮ㣬гնʱľųʵ
ŷǿЦˣҲ˻һԪǣԳ˵㲻ʲôڱԱֻʣ½Ԫûҵһһʹãȫû⣡
Ҳͨȫ
һ䣬ûʵʩȥȴóסϣ˷һţעķװָ˷׼÷ʩչɱС
ע᲻ʲôϲϵԴԴϵڣԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨϸоҲԽԽ鶯
ÿһ֮󣬳Ͽ۾գһ£

ϾϲһգǳգģǷԼգģоϲҪٽѪΣֻʲô
ڼעͬʱֽѪڷͷϣϧһأûиϾϲ۾գˡ
̫̰ˣʵķѾҵϣܹһæˡ
˵ǲǿ÷ڲóоɱ󡷣оɱѾо͸˸Լʵһµģ˷Ҫˡ
ʱ˵ɣڻиҪ¡˵ţ˷󽫴ָԪ֮ȫȡ˳ЩԪ֮ǽǵߵң˸һɶҲ൱Ӵ󣻳Ϸһڵι˺ڵһЩѪȥɡ
ʣһԪ֮Ϻܿ˾ȥͨǬָǰԪ֮ͨɽ㾭
Գ˵Ǹ
ڳϳڡɽ㾭ʱ
Уը죺ϣ
ƣ


924 ˭
ԳƱģȻǱƿģǴλɱߣ
Ȼֻˣǣѹȴе߼ʮ֮һ
ڳϵĻȸУɱߵһ˲䣬ɫʹ䣬ɸ׿һţЩǣҲ˼㣡
ѡЩ˵һӦԶУˮӵԽԶԽãϧǵڳУǸûѡԣֻǱܵһԡ
ϣ㲻˵ģ
ƣϽ
ɱ뱱ͬʱȳ͸ǲ󷨣ߵĶΪ̫ǿģֱѪЩΪ͵ģֱѪԵأֵܿסģҲЩǿߡ
һ֮ڴˣرרǶȵģ
ɱ߶һۣУһĨɵΪɱߵΪҪߣ˿˶ͬһĿģնɱϣˣ˲ûзͻ
ȴһ𣬳·󷨶֡
̤ȥɱˣ
ȻûֱԷ֣ɰﻹǴ˱Ƚ֮ģϾ˷ڲͬӪҪչֳʵʤɱҪĿһеӣ
Ŵˣǿ߳ͦأ
̤£ǲʱꡱѳˣֻϧǲƵ󣬲ġɱ󡱣ֻǳǰҪסЩߵļ󷨰ˡ
С󣬻ܵסɣ
Цţһġɱ󡱲ȥһȣȴñ΢΢һ£ΪûнһŲƣһɷ֮򱱳ӿɷ֮У̺ǧâ
ߣ
һߣδҽһѹ
һѹûдﵽĿģǷ֮ʢǧâ֮Уһ˪
ɫݣȴΪŭˣ󣬾ֻ£ʱ䣬֮ʲôâȫʧ֮С
ɱ߼״Ȼû˵ʲôЦԣȴǳŨŨı֮ɫɱһ̤¡
Ȼз֮ȵȹӿɱΪ̫ߣȷ֮㽫ˣɱߺһžͽϵġɱ󡱸ƣԽԽɱܵķ֮ԽɱһָоȵĲһ͸ġɱ󡱣ǲȵĶǵһƬأȵһƬĿռ䣡
ָоɱľͬʱҲɱߵķŭǱصģ˴ϣɱбһŭ֮ʱŵıǣٶȽƣȻٷչ
ڣɱȴǳʦСЩñЦһ
Ǻɱ߹˴С
ͬʱõƽıͬȫɱ󡱹ȥ
ǿߵĹ֮£ɱ󡱿ʼҡˣʱϻĳ̣ɱ󡱱Ϊ֮Ȼޱȡ
ɳû˿ңĿᶨޱȣһХѪα
ХУɽĵ㾭ڣ
ûлųȥȴǼӣԼﵽѵս״̬ʱ⣬кϣΪܱס
СѾϷܶʱˣϷܷŭ
˭ܵҽУϽǣȥҿɾҪɱˡϺȳ֮󣬴󵽴ÿһ˵Ķ
ɱ뱱һʱ仹ûлصùȻ˸˵Ǳ
ŭˣǳ׵ķŭˡ
СϷ򶨻Ըһһ鿾ųˡɱѾʮɹҲ˳ʮ˵ϣһһĹ
ǷŭȴаȻЦˣţЩ߸ˣȻܿݲð覴ãôŭŭ˺ðԽŭԽã
ȴ˵ҷǵҪԹⲻˡ˵ţϱ䶯ɱ󡱣ǱҪԾɱ뱱һͻȴǻˡ
˶ˡɱУ
ɱ뱱һ˲䣬ϱ㽫ӳУһ仰һŰɣҪȻɾͱϾŸԶԶ˦ˡ
Ӱ֮УǳڳϵЩУкü˫ϲĮ񣬽껶˼ųǾ仰ĵȴûз
ɱڣоһαˣ˵ıɱߣŭֱðǧɣΧǵĻһȺŮˣһȺӣһ㶼ûŮˣɱӿȥʱ򣬻ŸֶŤεģɦ׹ָģƮƮġ
ֻǣһȺŮˣһޣѪŵŮһƣݵ⣬۾䣬ȫëȱʧŮˣŮˣ


925 һ㣡
һȺֳŮˣҪжϣҪж
ֻ벻ĳûл󲻳ĳ
ЩŮ˾͹ģһͻŻ²ѣƫƫǻЩջ󡱵ĶңģһˣһȺģǧ
ɱѪӿˣֱˡ
ôΪ׼ɡЦ˵һ棬ûŮȥջ󣬶ǻ˼ªŮˡ
Ϊɱߺͱ־ᶨĸ߸˵ŮջûõģǣªŮǾͲһˡ
˶õ鲻ԽȥͣռУԳªĶҲ᱾ܵȥΪ޹أʵ޹أһ۷Ӧѣ
ȻֱҲܹƵģû˿׼ȻһĻʱҵĵһӦǲˬɣͬһֻӬ㣻ʱɱߺͱ㱻Ƶˣĵˡ
Ҳơģɱߺͱ˸ͲʲôӰ죻ҲпܣܴӰ죬ƺܲˬںƴɱ֮УһĲأʧ
ּƴɱһĲػʧѾ㹻ΪĴڣ
⣬ǳ⣬ģԴһӣΧĳªŮ˻󣬱ȫʧɱҽ͵һ壬ʱضɽҡΣʧޣ˵ƣֻôһС𣿡
Ϸںأ
ϸûɱߺͱевϣһ䣬ɱеʱŸɱľˮԪܻϮˡ
ɱһߣâɢʯ飬ȫ𣬱ǱҲǲ״ֻɱ˵Щϲ̨ģͱóˣɱУϷʱ䡣
ͶôˣһĶûУ治һ󣬲֪ôġϻǴ߶󷨣Щ˸õĹ
ϷôֲѵȻ㲻ϷͽһһȫˡɱԼΪǿһߵıҲŪ˴󶯾
˵ðɣȻǵȲˣǾϵһˣɱ󣬱˵ϲ˵ʱ򣬳ϵѾԾˡɱ⣬ָһ£һĺ¡Ƭռ䡣
ǸסǣӴǰδõġɱ󡱣Ȼըˣ֪µġɱȻȴסһнһ߽𣬻ɴáɱ󡱱Ĵص˺
ֱӴӵصǧ״˲䣬ǧĴأֱƷеȫֱϮ򱱳ɱߡ
ɱ뱱˸оӴɫ䣬켴ͬʱһΪһΪܸ߽൱ףеķƷȻҲǲǽڼƷʥ֮ĴڣҲναʥ
ȻǷӦٶȸǿݣɼһϢʱ䣬αʥҲܵʲôӰ졣
֮ǰûнϷͲмڶαʥӣ˱ܸըһѪӿѪǱ߸˵ǻһҷ𣬻ͷƹӣ
Ը߸ϵ֮ǰҪȡϵȡײˣȴϣһͱ˼˹һ֣ͱ˼ҸǱޱȡ
СϷˣϷڵ
ϣҪɱ㡣
˶߳ŭˣХȴûᣬǻδгûлصù񣬳Ѿ׼÷ըķ˻Ȼзɱߺͱȴڵ٩˵λһ˻ǿζζɣ
ƣϷ򡭡
ɱߵŭ˵㱻һȡɱ󡱱ը͸ٱĺ䱬ûˣ
ǳ˳ǧķƷ׵ķ˲䣬ȫըԱϹעһҵؽɱߺͱ˹вסɱ
ϵαʥķʱꡱˣƥǵϣŭϽ൲
ǵڶˣûиоڶ˱ȵһ˸һ㣿


926 ȷһ׳
αʥƷ޽ӽʥҲǲɳϱըЩܣʥҲһܹסοЩαʥ
ƥϮֻɲ֮䣬ɱ뱱ˣһεˣɲ֮ǰǰ㣬ǱǱһ㣬ܵҵĺܵˣ
ǶûϵֶΣãǵ٩ɱ߷ˣй⻪֮չն˷ӿĺƺܣǴţͽƣ㾹ȻϷܴˣϷģҪ⣬ȾѪҧĹǣɾģ
ȻǷ蹷ôΰֻǲ֪ĹҧҧöҪҧĻֻ±ĲݣĹ
ϲͣɱߵ񾭣ǣĹûͣ£Ȼڲͣϣǰáɱ󡱺ƣɲܾʹ˸ˡ
ϾϵĶ֣ǿߣȻ˵ѾշϹ𣬻նɱׯ𣻿ǣȫһģĲһ㣬ׯǳΪҲǴۿ۵ġ
Ŵˣϲɽ¡
ǰıׯܣɱ߸Ϲ𻺹ǳڵƲʧޣһҪ֮أпٲ
ûԴͬʱ֣ǸƵ⣬Ƿǰϻûа취ֿ𣻿ڣϽġסջأһļסȫóϣҲ˵ﲿλϣżȣԪת
ʱ˿̣ɱѾཫߵıоţƣǵһϷŭ԰εĵزܺãܺãϷһúöģϷҪ
ҪҪһȥ𣿺ðҳȫ㣡ϸ˵꣬ȫ¡
ʱ紵
ɱߵӰԶ֮Ǿɲֻǧ֮࡭
ӳϳµɱȷɣڵʯ֮䣡
ڼ֮뷨ըŲϾΪɱ߱һأϵĹɱ
н𣬳ϾĶˣҲнĴڣЩӵĶħѵɲù
һŴһѹԪ
ͬʱչɱйɭɭֱɱȥϵڡҡľ롱Ѫ£׳ʮ
ԣӦʱǿعƱķ˲佫Ӵɱ˽֮

˵һҽУУʹ࣬ޱȵطŭŭȼУһϹ϶ۿȥüһһαʥ
αʥ״꣬˵϶һķ
걻һƬɫâΧɢϢųϵĵֱ
нкãȴȻûȥαʥ꣬깥ƴʩչšؽɱ
ͬʱ죬أ
һֱɵĴִ磬ݺڱϡ
衪ž
һ֮󣬱ֱӡۡһѪֱӱƤɫ԰ף㲣бһƬӰ֡
ŭȴ꣬ϣܸһػȻʹ͸âѪȵ֮괩ĵ
ʱеԪӿ꣬ת֮ǴԪԭĴԪҲ͸һɹ֮Уʮ㡣
ϸоסѵļ󣬺ȵ֮ã
УӿĴ֮Ӳ˹Ĺƣʱʧɫȴٳɣᷨըܣֱ֮򣬼ϡ
ϼ״ͣ磬ȭѾԪеȫںһ
Уѹﵽֲʮ˲
ɡɽ㣬ÿһǾʮ
һƬУϾȭ֮ȥɲһֻĸоȵϣȭͷƱġ򡯣ǾԲܣ
ܣҲ֪ʲôвܣ


927 ȭһ
㲻֪Ǳ֪ޱ㣬磬ԶҲ׵ģȭͷ֮򣬸üʯͷײ
𣿡һʡ
֮٣ȣ𣡡
ȭ
ϸһȭ˸֣һһȫͬӣ䣬ȭͷ뱱ġײһ
ûо춯صıըҲûĺ¡еģֻޱȴ̶ı

ġ򡱾ǱһԳȭͷײΪģ˷ѿһεƣڡзӣ
ղ˵ļ֮˵𣿡ϵƽڱ˴֮⣬ѹ־塣
ѾǰһĻɵˣû˵ܹȭͷͽ֮ƣ˵ΪǱߣǱͣۡ
Ȼȴʵж֤ˣȷʵܣ
֪ǣϱħѵʱôܽġ޼򡱸𵴣ǻϻֻǡɽĲ㣬ÿһžʮҲûжʲôԪ֮ࡣ
ղųϵȭǽеһУںڣ
֪
űɵˣǸαʥҲʧȥ˿ƣս˴ָ֮УͬҲǳô˻ᣬĺƺڱϽɱøɸɾˡ
ʧȥıҲʵнǿߣ
ţȭͷǰűȥȫٲ˿ۼ켴ǡȭϮڣƻűѪ⾭
ʱоҵʹ̼ű񾭣ӡ򡱱ٵʵϣʹѹҽС
ΪŵϢ
ϣʲô
ʲôһЦ㲻֪𣿡
ɱң
ҡҡͷҲɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ң
ʲôҵģѵֻɱңɱ㣿䣬ӰƲдֻǱӿѪԽԽˡ
Ŀ˸ʵ֪˭𣿡
ӣҲҪɱ㣡
ǱĹ
ŶԭǹֲǱģǲˬԼȡҵǲӦøоң
ûϵķ̣Ͻ˵ɱң೽治Źġ
Ҿͽʲô೽һɱˣһĿ೽ͻŹ˰ɣ˵ǲǣ
ܣɱ˿೽棬೽ʥֻһ֮ң
˵Ҳ֪ʲôвܣֻ֪ܱʵǰһ˵ţںȭٴλȭ
ۡ³һѪҲûãѾˣŲԵ˵ҪɱңҪʲôҶܸ㡣
ҪԪˣҪĴָҪԴ
㡭ˣ֮£Ҳʲôˣ̬ϣңҪɱңҾһȥûҲ
˵꣬ϸҪػǧ״ŭСϷˣӲģϷȡˣϷ򡭡
ɣûпմ㣬жԶԶϻٴλ£ƴϻɱߣһʧǧ֮⡣
лصСϷ򡭡ҪҪ
ųϻ֮ӡ
Ͽȴû׷ȥΪ֮£𣬾٣ԪӽڿݽߵıܵٶڳϵУʵ̫̫ˡ
ȫǾţû뵽δɽɽնɱһСӣȴϽԼ˾·̫ˣ⵽ûнɽɽﻹţǼУҺ䵽˾أ
ŵıҲǲ֪лһʥʹ±յĽֻҲǱնɱĽ֣
ϣô
ţȴͣ˽ŲΪ֮ദվһɷǣһתӣתֿվ֮࣡
ǵҪɱҲ𣿡ͷǵģҽ첻ɱ㣬գͻɱҡ
ģֻҪ㲻ɱңҷģԲΪѡ
ôΪķģ˵֮ǰͼأһ㷢𣿡ϵ˵һҪԱӣת˵ţҲûпܣֻҪӦһ
ʲô˵


928 ƣ
һξѪϵ˵⻰ƣ۾͵⣬ų˵ңҵ
˿ⱱµѪô˵ͷֿʼȭͷһΪǰıԱһȴΪǺܿҪɱߡ
ܣǱҵֻԼ˭Ҳҵ˭Ҳܣ״ŭš
δҡͷЦ˵ײԼģϾܾ˵һ֣ұȡʹ䣡Ҫ˵𣿡
仰Ϸ֣ʱһнΧɭɭֻҪһ˿˿Ծбɵøɸɾ
ųϣĿ⣬ۿתϼ˵㲻Ǻɱѡ͵Ȼ͵ҲԱ֮Ϊ踺أ˵죬ɱأ
ҵѾУôȥ踺أȥɱ㣿˵ţѾ͸¶ʯ١ζ
˵һ꣬һҷɣ
һꣿһ㶣ִΪ˵Ļ𣿡
ʣЦǱƣǴϣ˵ĻûʧԹ벻ţȫԼѡҿԺظ㣬ԱҲжӰ죬˵˲˶١
Ҫ˵ܡԺȴǰһȭ򡱵Ļ棬Ӳ˻ȥųϣʯ١ľЩҡˣҲȥԱʲô壿˶Լ֮⣬
Ͽ˱۾˿ԥ֪䱱жҡڲȴ˵һ˵ûسŵһ껹ûзɣ룬ֻҪţɱҵĻ𣿶һˣʲôϣûˣң룬߷µħѪĶԱƳһξѪƣͬҲܱƳֻǻûҵƳķѣ֮ϣʥعʥΪβԼȥ̽أ˵ֻҪһʥ֮ǾѪƣЧأ˵ˣ㲻ǻһ೽ҪֽҸնɱˣҲͶûпˣ
һģײ˱ؼҪλϣı侲˼ųϵĻ˵òֻҪţϣҪǿ೽֣ȷܽնɱ²⵽˾Ѫ;ȴȫסĹЧ֪˵һ仰Ǽٵģ೽նɱ˳ϣǱõģɣ˳һ
ϼ״֪շ˾ŲʮˣϾܹϣĻţ˭ԸȥأԣϷ˹ƱһݣģҲȥһЩֵ£˷ȥ˱෴Ҫǳң˵˵õһٷչĻᣬǶ˹ȣһᶯְ
ģ
̧ͷĿϣȻġһ棬û˵ٻҪȥǵ껵ľŵܣ˹ˣϾŵħ
һϢϢֱϢ֮ʱһʹľһξѪ
ϿǵξѪЦˡ
ǣȻûɵһĽ䱸ǰıɲСϺףнɲһ﷭
ӹѪޱȵʩչһнȷʵȿЩѶˣڳʵǲʮϢ֮󣬱˳ϵһ֮䡣
Ʊ֮󣬳ޱȵӿ򱱳ڣﱱˣ˵ʲôָʵĵҩ͸Ͻó̷°ɡ
оڵӴϢһɵסϵĻŻعӴָȡҩ̷븹ʵ㵽жǿ
ң֪ҵĵƣԶ󣡡Ц˵ղ˵ôĻķôƳɴ֣ǿɲǳԱ˳ŵģźǴ⣬Ϊɱ׼ġ
Ƭʱ䣬ʵͻָһ룬ЦǾһϷɣ
ڳϵĴƳɹ֮ʱһɽϵһ̾Ϣ켴ۣˣǲٿʥ̨ף̫Ҳɽһ˿ܻ벻ջ񣬲֪ʦܽܵĻʵСҵûУ
ţһŻ棬һ֮󣬱һɽʵǰȼգճӰʵׯأ


929 Ϸ
ׯأ
ʳ仰һڵ͵عڵأ˵ʦ桭ˣˡնɱˡ
֣ʱŭޱȣŭǵׯܱնɱ֪ˣȻӣʦܻ˵Ǹ˸ûн
ʱûһ뵽ϣȻׯ˵ׯˣһˣնɱһȫ£
ʵ˭ɱģ
ʦȥ˶ǣҪնɱǣȴһڵ˵ȥˣ۾ȴ͵ر⣬ȵɱ𣿡
ǵģǱɱģ
磿
ޱȣû뵽ħӵĴˣ̶̵ʱ֮ڣȻɳܹɱһľأرǻܿ磡
ҲҴˣ֮ǰͲӦøƳɳĻᣬӦýɱ˵˵ףٻصǰȻѡչأϾʥնɱ˵Ҫ̶ȣֹǧٱڣҲٸᣡ
˵꣬һЩ飬Ǽ׷ܻʵСټֻ֮һŻ棬䶫ǣֻ֮ľɽʯԱٳޡ
ͬʱڶǵϢڴ뵽ѾأѩýһЩ֮󣬱֮߳ء
ǣѾñ׳Ĵָαʥ껹ʱĸ䷢شã󣬳ӡ֮һ̽ĺöȻ٣Һ󣬵ͨɽھŲ㾭ǲһ㡣
ңʱҲԣ׼Ƚɱ֮õĴָٴͨɽھһ¥
һߣȵǧ֮ɱߣȼ޾ŭ𣬡ģȻ˷ǴõģҪϷܽ˷֣˭κң£Ǳߵ磬ҲϷУ
ӵǷõĺôɱߺݺݵƵǼϷҪˡţɱ붫ȻԶ
ʱɱɱϣڱǰ㻹ӵ𣿲ۻҶ𲻾ڣɱұϣɱʮӣʮΣ
һ仰˵úǿȴһƬɬֻһЦȻϷһǱĻʵľҪʮΡ
ɱߵĶɱϲȴ˼ɣСķҪϷٽϷȷɣǿɲпǸ
۾һתɱ߱⣬СӽǱȷɣϷѸײڶ֮ƣ£еһУͶҵˡ
ɱϸֻϲʾػصƾ㣬ҪҵҪɱңҾǱɽͽͽȫɱɸɾ

㣬ҪɱңǾԲܵģ֪ϵʲôǰǸ߽ȷɵǧ֮ġ
˵꣬Цǿ̫ΪڣԪݶ𣿡
㡭ô֪
ܱ֪죬ˣķҲǱ֮Ͻٿط˵һʹ죬ȻҪʹ˵ţǰܵĳϣ͵³һѪһЦαʥꡣ
ɱ߽˵ĶԻ˸һƬϲɫԭСûԪ֧ˣⷨעҵˡ
뵽ɱһڳϿ񱼵·ǰ棬ЦС㻹ܣ
㡭ô졭ͻˣ
Ͼŵ˵ţè㣬ɱ߿ЦѣϻӶȣ͵˵㻹ϽȻҾ͡Ҫˡ
ҪϷ
ɱЦø񣬸ˣʲôҪϷ
ҡҡ
죬ҪϷϷҪɱ˵žҪ֣ȴȵʲô˼ڱˣ
ɱ߳һ۱ĲмЦϷˣҪΣ
Ǿͱֱ㲻
ΪϷ㻹ҶϷ򲻿
Ȼ壬˵ȷʵûΪߣǱҪУûģһ֣СӾпܻʹѡ
ɱüͷòʵ۾תͣسϣɱܲƵʵô죿


930 
ɱܲˬûнϷȻϳªŮ˵ĻȴΪǳ󷨺Сģڳϵʵ۾Ϊ϶һ
ͬɱҲûУΪΪ͡
ڣҪǺͱƴսĻϱѵĿܣɱҪ˳еķȻϾʹѣԣɱʱô졣
˵ô죬ܼ򵥣СӣеıֳɣҲҪȡһ룡
ֳɣɱһʣ켴Цθڻ󰡣ֳɣô֣ѵǼӣҪһ룿

ɱ˵һŷֳɵĻǳֻȴͨʵԴͻһ⣬ϷȴӦȽСˣʱôϷ˵㣿
Ϸ򲻽һɶòȡɱ߶ű˵ȴãϷԸֳɣ
ã
Ӧ£šеĳȴǷ˿񣬳ɱײȥﻹҸƴˣҪҵһǸش۵ģ
ϷڴˣĶƴϷ򽻳ɣɱŵ˵ţһƬ⣬նϣ϶ϱضһƬУǧУ
ͬʱҲ֣αʥ꣬мֱϵĵλãɱ߿һӣɱõô𣿡滹˵ʵϷֳɣѰ·
ȴǲܲˣӰ㣬ֻȭͷֱƬȥ
ɱЦݸʢˣΪһо֡
ڳ⽫ҪӴһ˲䣬һֱ磬ͻƿնɱߵϣ
֮ʱվҪȥժɹʵɱߣûаַԣ̺ܣȫɱϡ
ɱߵţþͬչľͷһ㣬һŲ˵ѷ죬ѷ֮У͸Ѫ֮͸ɱߵ棬ִǵ֮
ɱߵĵﱻһζԪţ
ͬʱϼӳɱߵ˫֣ʩչߡδ⣬ȭ
ֻǳϵĹ
Ҳ˲䱩еΪʵϵ꣬Ѹһת䣬ɱߣĿɭɭɱĴʹȥ
⣬Ҳһ۳򡱣ֻġûбϻ֮ǰȽ˺һЩ
ɱд˷ǵضɱ߸ˣظֳ֣壡
ȥ˼֮ʱһϣڴʹ֮ʱԺﻹʹޱȣɱغϷ
Ȼֹϼɱߵ˫ý
ʱʹ꣬굽ɱߵĵǰĿɱߵѪĹѪ䣬ڲͣңġ಻Զӡ
ɱдˣоѪţһƬӰ֣ɱ߸Ͻʩչ֮ƬķΧаɿҪ嵽ɱ߸ǰĳϣ˲һƬ֮УƬ֮ܣҪ̣ÿһεط
Ҳɱߵ֮ġֻܿסͷ𷴹ңƴֻ̣Ҫȫ̽ȥɱ߾Զˡ
СϷҪɱ㣬Ҫɱ㡭ɱ߱߿ţȫڳ˫ʩչɱУ˵Ϲܻܲ仰˵ȥģȫЩ˼𣿡
㡭
ȭ
һȣȭʱɱߵ֮βѣĽǱҵñһ澵ӣ鿪ɱ߱ϾǸ߽֮ɲ񱱳֮һôơ
ܴˡȭɱѪ־ȵغȵСʲôȭͷϷ֮򣿹ˣƣϷɣɱ
ɱߺ֮꣬Ľ⣬ʱ˷籩ϣϲֻٴšȭһصġȭɽĵʮ֮ƴѹ˶ʮ
˿̣ɱ߻û̽һ֣֮ǲͣڡ
ǡʱڶǡȭȻ


931 ϹΣ
ڶȭ˵ֻںһ𣬾Ƕһٰʮѡ
м䷢ı仯áһƬءá츲ءݣ
ΪӵѪܣĵǧƵģϺɣԴԴϵΪܣͣǿ֮ӱˡ
ɱ߿Ҫ֮ʱһȭ¡
ССȭͷӿƥɢšһеϢˮȥ֮Իޣ
֮ڵĽ⣬ʱɱߵġ֮һƬգݲ
ȭܴ֮ϮɱߵϣɱߵݼӣȫŤҪļɱɫ԰ޱȣȻӻֵ֧סǡ֮ȷʵǱ
ɱ߿־ŭܣССۣôܹƵϷ֮ôܹ
ѾʮͬУ֮ǰҲ״̬ôţʵʵץȥ
ûʲôܹģ;㣬ĹĻбݣΣգɱߵɱһ

ɱ߲֮ʹ˱٣شӿԪҪά֮ﻹС䲻Ϸģ䲻Ƶģ
׷ˣƣҲƣ
ϸպ꣬ȭٱһȦʱɱߵ֮羵ˮ£ȭһοգٲ˿˿
һĻ棬üߴĿģ
˫ֱŵɱߣڷкһҽУţϷ򲻸ģģϷҪȥɡţɱߵ˫ֿҪ
ɱ֮ĳϣȴûаͣ٣ߡһʩչ˲Ƶɱǰȭ߳ţȭŻ£ֱĸȫɱߵ塣
ͬһ˲䣬ϵץס꣬תɱߵĵ֮ڣ򡱻ɱȫ֡
ۡ
ɱ߿ѪһдȡԪҲĸһٵɢǼҪ˫֣һαý
ɱ߾Դû뵽ԼȻȫֻϸɱ֮أɱӿ޺ڣΪʲôô԰԰ûκηľأڱ֣ɱտսʹ˾Եƾ棬ʩչʵ۷ʱڵɹֲˣҪȻҲᱻȭƣҪȻҲ뵽˵ҪȻҲᴦ˾ء
ڱġɱӶֱԽԽ䣬ǱСӣ֮ǰҪأһôһԸϷ򣿡
߶ʱɱߵһӰӰȻǳϣɱ߿ʱԥֱѪˣѪ˵СϷ򲻻Ź㡭
ϹҪˣʲôŹң˵ţһǷߣֱɱߵţɱǱͱýڵţʱʮֲģľս˿ڣǡ
ɱûȥΪʲôܹڡж磬ǿƣ־ͷſϷ򣬸Ϸսһ
ЦҵȻ֣Ҿǲſ㣬Ҫ˵ţһްն£ɱߵնſڵأȫѪͷ뿪
㡭
һŲ£˵ˣ㻹ûܹ㱨ˣ
Ϸ򡭡һ㣡ɱ߻̫ڹƧһʱû뵽˸ȴ˵˴ܻʵ۵ţЦǿɲһ
ôһ
˵ҪǼǴܣΪǵЧǵɱ𣿡һ˵ɱˣЦʵǴܵĻ
ϷҲġ
ȥɡȫɱԱĻᣬһŲɱߵԴϣһǧֱӽɱߵԴȳм󣬳ꡢָȻɱߵԪˡ
սҪ߳ȥ̲صĻ棬ȴ͵زһһΣյĸоȻس뵽𣿡
ϸվսɣȴ̲գֻҪһע⣬пٲڻ˳Ҳ˲ʵ浽ʱ״̬ӭУǷǳز
ƺ˸ϽӣӵԽԶԽá
ȻĿһݣڡϥҪӣҪսʥҲҪȥսһ£ʥʵ
϶Ա˵ҪһϷⳡϷݺˣʮ֮ұɣ


932 ʥкһ
ɱˣúܱĴɱУͽʩչһ֮ȫʩչͱϸɾնɱˣʯ١Ļᣬ϶ûиΪȫû뵽ϸͲںܻںδ
Ͻɱߣһ͸оһΣ֮У
Σ֮˲Ϣȫʱ򣬳ûǰ㾪ʧ룬˵ʮ겻ԵĴԶˣƾǸձһŲԴɱߣҲ
ܳɳ֮죬̥ǣġǬ֮⣬ԵĥҲ൱ҪĪƶá
ԣָо֮ʱϺ侲
侲֮Уųս⣡
ϲӱܣҪսսֻȭͷȥпѾʥǿߵӲƴĻûʲô
ֻƬ̼䣬ϱ˰취ñһϷ
ⳡϷУҪͨɽھŲ㾭
ϥĳϣɱߴָװĶȫʱһŽɫԲתš
ʱ۾һϲΪŽɫӣбеĽԪ
Ԫʱ֣ʵ̫̫ؼˣҲǸˣ֪ҵбȱ𣬱ҽԪ֪ĻͶһˡţȴѾԪ̷븹ͬʱ
ȥٵԪ֮⣬ϻɱߵĴָһһСץСԪӿȥһ֮ϵЦݣȸղŵõԪЦݸʢ
ʥѴӾȻʥϿֻˣɱߵʬԭ㲻ǺˣǴĺ˰ǧɽˮôö治ôҵġ
ȻЦ棬ϵȴҲѣãûиʱȡʥʩչʥĻᣬҪȻͻҪϲ֪ٹ˵ɱ˼أ
ʥӡȡȾȻ磬ܽ˵ǧ֮⣬߹ԽǿöֹԽԶ˵еĲ֮ѡȾǿĻ֮⣬ܽ˵Ĺȥ֮ܽڵУҲǷǳⴸӣҲһʥر桭
ţѪεС棬¼һôѾһֲѪķӵصӦ֡
һ򣬳ϽӼɹǰһֶſʥҪʱ̣ʥȫ϶ҲһǴɱУ
ţͻظоһӿȵԪ
ʱ̣ǽԪȫʱ̣
Ϊֹڵбһ壡
ʱϸоԪڱڣڽѪ⡢อȵȣһصıڣûϴʹ࣬еֻˬܸоԪϢ
ڳϵ;Уǿǰһαǿܾʹ֮󣬲ܹྡ
ˣȴûа飬ѭɢɫâڵԪƣϴˢɢһƵʣͣش̼ľѪ⡢ȵȣҲƵʵĴ̼ʹóϻһˬ֮У
Ƶʡ
ʣƵʣܲ򵥡
Ȼ֪Ƶʴ̼ΪΣ֪壬ԪƵʴ̼УһαǿԽԽǿ뷨ȣڳϵѾǳαʥǿʥǿȽ
ϸĵظоԪı仯һǿҵĸоԪ֮ʱĳָоôҲ֮ȥԣڴš
أɫһԪȻڿʼںϣԻ𣬽ˮˮľľķʽںȥںϵ룬ƵʵĴ̼ʽҲԽԽ졣
͵Ƶʴ̼֮ʱǾʹУʯ֮ƣͶʱɫʹŤҧԳҾ˵ĺ¶
ʹϮóϷĲ٣εʹྭ飬Խʹһ֮ջԽ
ȻϾεʹ࣬һεʹֱ࣬ǷܳܣﵽرǵԪҪںһʱƵʲ쵽˼㣬ٵ˼㣬ȻҲʹ˼㣡
ÿһϢ䣬ȫѪ⡢ȵȣҪεĴ̼
Ԫһ


933 ԪҺ
ƵʵĲ̼㣡
ʹԸ֮ʱ
Ǳֵװ׵ԪΪһɫɫֵýɫ䣬ƫƫһۿȥ˸оһɫһ˵ɫ
ɫںһ𣬻Ȼһ
ϳֳɫҲɫΪһ壬Ԫɫһģһ
֮⣬ǵĵ飬ҲǶôһɫϣɫһɫɫȻССȷʵڣʲôɫˮɫȵȡ
ȻڵԪҲһɣҺʽڣǳ֮Һ岻ھ֮УѪ֮У֮䣬ϵǡ
Һ壿ӵԪҺ壿ԪҺ
ϸڲԪҺϿǹž޲һȦƶûУϸ̽ȥȴܾط֣Һ岢񽭺Ϫеˮһ΢Сɣ֮ССϸǰ㣬еԪҺȫй
˹ڷʽδţδԪҺмΣ
Ϊʵ飬ϵתԪҺ۳ɽԪҺ۳ɵĽոڡ򡱱ǻεѣľﲻɰʲô
ʵղű֮ϸնɱסˣղһϵ飬Ѿж֮ˣȻô
ڱпܱǴ壬ܹصģ˵ʮͷɣǶϾǹͷӶҪϳݺⳡϷ
ԶҲоǹɻϢ֮ԽԽÿһ룬ϢҪŨʮ֣
ʱϾȫնԪҺ
һûУġ򡱾Ǹնһ΢Сķ϶ͬϵıһ϶Сһֻ֮Ҫһ϶֮ٲڴ˻֮ϣ֮Ļɶˣ˵òȭȭ㹻ˡ
ңֻһ似ʩչһǧҷնն֮ϣն϶֮ܲƲٲ
ϼ״һԪҺнҪ֪ϸ߽򣬶ϴԲЧ
кһ칦ܣԪۻʵĹܣ˿̣ϵԺֳһ仰УˣۣϢ
һϢӽԺֻҪ岻٣ڣжսʱͲΪԪݽ߶ҵԪϢɫֳһƬϲãɳϻûϲõϢʱ䣬뵽һҪ⣡
ǾԪҺĸ֮£ԽǿˣǿʥеһƴһҪͨ͸ˡ
Ȼ˵ԪϢȡ֮ߣ֮˵ԪҺ̺Ӵޱȵܣ屾ԪҺģڳϵѾȫӦԪҺԪҺȥͨĻ±ȴ룬˵пùԪҺƷףһ
ԣĿǰʱڣϱýͨ
²ٳɣϽöָԪ֮ɱߵԪˣȫԪЩԪһóڣԪҺΧֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȡȥԪһתԪҺһ֣һȴǱ⣬һ֣ȻԪеʣ
ޱˣ˵Ԫһڣ㱻תԪҺػܽʲôȥͨ
ƵͬʱϻͣԪɴԪԪҺ᲻ԪҺأҲûд𰸣ȴ׼Ժ󳤾õʵ֤һ¡
Ԫ֮⣬ʲôܰҴͨ뵽뵽֮Ժʱ򣬳۾͵һ뵽ǰһڣܽʴҪǴڣǴҪܸˡ
ȻܸʴӣȻܽ丯ʴ֮ͨ뵽˷Ͻȫջأͷųʣ
ɳһʧˣڳڣȻȻиʴ֮Сÿ丯ʴ֮ǿͬһֻСϣҪһͷһ
Щ̫СˣѵҴͨɽھŲܹҵǿӦҴͨ˵Ժոֳɽĸʱһ飡
УһĺʣסĿƣ


934 ȫΪռ
û棬ˣ֪ϵòϢȵȣźʳʵʲôˣʲô
ȡ
Ǳ˭ҲӱߣѾԶͲ㶯ˡ˵ţϺϵزҽг
ȴһһһŽɵԪҺںһڴ֮ǰѾȫӦԽԻȵȵںϣûоʲô쳣״ںȴޱȵ͡
ͣȴԪҺȻ뽫ֲԪڵҲԪҺһ֣ôûȫǸ롣
ϼ״뽫߶뿪һ֣ȴ֣ͷֲǷֲһڵ̺ŵԪҺ
ԪҺϢΪҲڳ棬ܶ˭Ҳ˭ȫˣͬսһ㡣
٣ȴ˾棬Ӧ֣ǿȻ˴˱סˣʩչóֱ֮Уϲ֪һȭȥһʲôĽֻܼţֹͣս
У治һ˿ضԱ˵ƵϷҪˣ
ҪҲҪֻҪˣһ𣿡ſΪε棬õ˵
Ϸ˵Ҫ㻹˵
Ϊβ˵
ûʸ񣡡
Цн𣬻ûʸ񣿡
Ϸԣϱûʸ񣡡
ϣнϣҪʲô˵ţгϵġͻȥеĳϣѷҲԥȥԪҺĽսֱӼ֮
֮˳ʮ֮꣬ǰƴɱսһֱûãΪŵģ
濴ġ򡱣ޱ飬֣³һ֣𣡡
ʱһƬ
ңеԪʯ飬ľһеһУȫΪ˻𣬰ġ򡱣ҲڻΪһ֣ӣȫת䡣
еĳϣҲܵӰ죬оһڽѪͷ淽ת䣬ֻתϲʥĹйڻĹ򣡡
֮£ԪҺƴͣ
ɫ䣬Ѿ˹ڹǰ似Ц似ܹеӣҪתӣȴյ˳ϵ򡱸Ա
ԴܲԸȴֲҾܾһݣȵ
Ȼ䱬
ϱ㱻ҵը棡
һߣ֮䱬ڹĹ֮Уٱɻ棻ΪԪҺһ𣬳޷ãֻöϽת롰ߡľͬʱϻڵǣܲԪ
ɽĻ棬ó־ϲԪұԪ˵󣬽ߡٶʮֹ
δȫʱѾ˲ǰ˵׼õ֮
ųٶ̫죬֮û뵽ϸղչֳģʹ飬ҵĽǱȫľֹȫϷޱȵı档
Ҫǣû뵽ʩչ֮򡱣ܽؼһдڣ£ϾȻֵܵס򣬷֣
ԣˣ֮ڡ
ˣֶûлţ֮굽棬Ϊǻ֮һƻܽأнǿж죬նתҪĻΪؼˣ
ˣְԴʱһ޴Ļӡѹ£ûȣעУһӡ
ӳȵͬʱϻʩչˡߡˡ
ХεһƬĻ棬ᣬĳЩطǱˣǱε÷ˣֱǧ˵ʱȴǻɻ֮Ρ
˵úܿ죬ȻҲǲϢ֮䣻֮ʱеĻõиĻ棬ϡ
ħӵͽܣȷʵ볣˲ֻͬϧ
ڿϧʱ򣬳ϱʩչߡЦ˵棬ڼˡ


935 ʦ
棬ڼˡ
ϴʱ˵⻼˿˿ңʮֵ򶨣ͬʱ磬ѹһһ㣬ѹ磡
Ϸֱ֮
˵֮ȫΪǧ裬ʹó˵δᱻһƬһΧĻ֮ǹ͸ԽԽ
ԪҺڽ
Цֲǰһ˵֣ͽͽǾ˵һŭԭ̵зҺ̵ҪȻ类ͽͽնɱˡ
죬ڣ
ųϣϵٶ̫ȫʩΪ֮ϣ
棬ٶİӶоѣ
ô˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴ˵죬ħˡ
ı޳ܸʦٱ
ϷǱˣ޳ˣ֤ʲôֻ֤ħߣˣϷǿߣԻ
øҪǸʦʱ䣬ʦЬӵʸûУ
򶨵ݣŤΪƾħӵʣղ˵ģпܱʵȵƣϷȥʦžۡ
㣬ͬʸ񣡡
ϻڡѹ磬Ҫӵе磬ȫѹһ
ЦϷǰֻһϰˡ
һЦ棬ΪǰǳϷΪ˸㿴úøоһอ֮ڣǲһرȵĸо
ϸһ̽ȥȻһƹĻ棬һɲͬȶȵȣ˻գҪ棬Ϊ֮
ǣþȴûдﵽĿģ֮滹оǹɱ֮ڣƻ塣
һ£ɫˣʵʹʲôֶΣ
ôĻˣŤţԪҺɱѽѷֵĽǿпʹɵĿ˵ǿΪ׼֮ĻԽ֮ĶԱԽǿ
Ϸţ֮򣬸Ϸ򻯡
ٴζ֣֮ȴã˵Խûȥ֮ԽԽǿڵƻ֮ǰǿϺ
Īûȫʥ磬֮ûȫԭ򣿡жԴܻʵ۾ͺ޵ԽˣϷʲô
棬Ҫǲ֮ܿûɻˣ㻹ǸϽȥһ֮أٱոʮĹذɡ
𶾣Ϸ򻹲潫֮ѹһѹƣͺȥĳɹ涢ųϣ۾Ũɱ˵Ϸ֮ûжɻ㣬춼
˵ˣģڣӦʲô֮ɣ㿴ĹһǻúúõģܳҲ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ϵʵԶû˵ɣǹ֮͸ԪҺĴѴﵽʥѪͻɻˡ
汻˵ʹԴܻʵ۵ĺޣ㣬ȴҧʵΪʲô
ΪʦڱңڿңɱЦ˵Ŀһ˵Ϸȥ£ֻϼ㣡
˵꣬˫г棬֣ȵ֮Һۣ
£˷ĻԪǵسӿ棬֮Ķǣǳ͵ظоԼƲڵĻԪԪй¶ɱȥ
˵ڵĻԪѾԪҺһ֣ںڵЩӡ켫Ԫһӡӣг¶ɳ׵ӣдӵڷȥ֮ƣ
ûжģֻǺƺĹ򣬶ûаôȫӰ죻ˣϻо˺ķŭҪʳķŭ
һߣ澪һ˳ڵ쳣״ʵ㲻֮壬ӵԪͬΪûлԪݳ
֮ѿ촥ҽսԪҺȴЦΪҵʦڱңΪĹã
ܣȻ񶨡
ν֮ҿһЦѣϵ֮ڣ֮ʼЩӣʹǰһ֮
Ϊ𣡡
һκƬռ䣬еԪʹ֮Ҳ֮ǰĻԪǰ㣬ƺƵ־ۼ
Ϊ㽫ҲܻΪ𣿡
֣ƾ֡


936 ˣ
磡
汬ȳȻׯ˵ܹ磬û뵽ǰ磬ƾȻ˺ˡ
ϸָСʱľ֮У
Ƶ磬ܻ֮˵ģ
衪ž
紩ػ棬棬ҪܣȴǱ޿ɱܣֻӲ۾⣬ȵܷ֮
ʱﻯһܣȴģʵģģ
ֵ˿̣¡
ǧ۵Ļܣֱӱ˺һѷ죬ݺϣֱθ˷ĩ
Ҳһ˲仯档
Żдľܣʧ
ٴֳʱɫȴһƬ԰ףŰ߰Ѫ
籬ǿܣҲǳ˳ϵϣţղׯϣׯܻڳ۷״̬Ҳᱻһ
ǰǻżһǣֵܵٵܸһڣ˻֮Ҳܵش
Ȼźܶԭ򣬱֮ʵȫӳϽѹѹǰѾһ𡭡
ǣΪܱ˾޴Ҫԭһ˿ɫ磬ȥʥɽһΣ˲֮⣬չأûɳغͷֵڵ˲٣ǿ׳˲٣ɫµ磬Ʒװ㡣
׷ŭˣϷţ֮ã˵꣬ٴʩչ֮ҪھʲôĹڡ
İ£ѾܹѹסЩ֣ǵȫʩΪ֮֮ơ
ϵȻȥȣӿȵ磬ͬҲ˷磡
˵꣬Ȼ£أٴαȷɣԶ룬ϸоǹɹ֮˲٣ԥأʩչߡɽƶȥ
֮ԿɽΪɽǧǰǹսŴƴɱԳϼΪҳϻܽͨɽľ
֮⣬һҪԭ򣬱ڼ٣ԪҺãĵλ㼫ҪңҲȷʵǳãӣҲáߡٶȱʮǣҪǸˣϻʲôӦ棿
ˮ׵ʲôԺδܶԸϵˮЧеţԽԽࡣ
ɻ࣬ϵٶȿûϷֺʼս˦Ҳǲ֪ʲôֶΣԽԽɵϻ߰ٶʱٴλȣٴα˦ˡ
ޱȣûϵôֶΣôɱʱԳϵĺ⣬˴ܻʵۣͬʱҲ߶ţǼʥǴģ
Ȼڡߡ֮£˦ԽԽԶȴû˦棬Ȼں󣬡ôãѵԪﵽϢľ磿
һߣǱſڵأ˺ۣϴսϢҲǼ΢һƬȫǾҵزѡ
صѵƣǷŭˣˣɱҲܽɱʵ˺ֵزŵͬʱ㲻ܽΪãǸöãͳһ֮գȫָտɴ
ֻصʵ˫âôϱȥǴܵĴ󻼣Σָ˭ȥأ
˼һûоȴأǸ˭ȥҪһ֮Ȧףǰ𵱼ԸȥҪõڳϵһϣ۴С
˾ͽյϴϢٽʮɽӵĹ仯ɵˣȻû˾ͽһȫ߳򣬱㱻һȺ˸ΧˣΧǵĺˣʵ͵ģ
ٻصϣһƴ񱼣ɽѾǰ
ɽǹսĻǶɽ֮¡ϵǱԪҺʩãضˣ˵߰ǧ
벻˵أҪ˶ʱ䣬Ҫ׷޾Ҳһֱȥһʱ䣬Σ
˾ƣûɫ䣬۾ȭȻܷ֣Ǿ͸Һϣ


937 
벻˵أ׷ɱֽƺΣգ
ûлţԵĥԽΣʱԽҪ侲šԹȵκ⣬ֻ㱻
侲ĽҪǿԪҺһ
Ϊֻܲһǲܹնɱ棬ϢԪҺƾߣûġ
ϥ£ƴȫ߾ۺһ
ǣԪҺԽ֮ųԽԽͣϸоԼڴϣ׵ϣغ棬ˤһ߻أ
ϵӣʼ
ʱ浽ˣЯɱڶ汻ӵһ棡
濴ͣѪĳϣǳĵЦˣһָ֮߷ɢȥγɻ֮ϸڻſ˵ϷΪѾϢľأƣϷƴˣƣħӵͽܣҲ˶ѡ
ĪԼɥ֮Ȯӣ
ҧһ䣬֮סʱǹɻ֮ӵƴɱޱȼҵԪҺǰڵѪ⣬ʼתɻ棬һɱ֮⣬ֱ̹ǣֱġ
ɫһѿȴЦ˵˵ǿȴûϵãǿˡﻹһ仰û˵Ǿǡ֮򶼲㽫κβˡ
ϷҪת䷽ԣҪȥúооˡ
ĽǿϼЦռΪУ
кܶܣϷܸȤ
棬Ϊһ𣿡
Ϸ㣬ġ
˵ţ֮ǧɶȥѪҧڳϣϸоģȼ֮ʹҧ֮ʹ
뷴ȣȷɵһߣԪҺϼѹ˴ˣƴɱؼͬҲΣյʱʹóϲҰģֳԸ棬ֻǰţǻ١ҧ
˵ϻͷųųȫ޼£˱¶ƣնɱ֮⣬ãԳסˣǵΣ֮ʱ
˵ţϷҲооʦģϧʦӵ̫ˣû˽ѣעӲˡ
ۣ棬ǿŤͷųЦ˵ٶǰ죬ͬ
ߣ
ЦΪǿϷĻκβ㣬Ϸ㣬¾ķϷĻ֮£䱬ܣҲӦеظоǹɹ֮ɣȻеúϷеʱ䣬ȵȫֵһ̡
ûлػڲԪҺǺ͸Ĺ֮ȴЩӡ
һף벻ھȻô֡
˵üͷϾɻ֮ɫԣӦǾ֣һ𣬾ȻϷӰ죬Ǵģ
ϳ˷ܼɫϷһҪõ֡
㡪ڡΣ
һһ˵䣬׵ҲأƬ½ȻҲͲδȫĻ֮ӰˣңΪһ壬ϢϢأһҪĺɾҪȡ
ΣϷϲαʵ
ʹȫˣ֮Ȼͬ죬ӱѾڽ˵飬֮ȴܽ뿪ϳ
ųϲ磬ʩҪӵзƣԽԽء
ŭˣקϧקס
һߣ֮ѾԪҺսţ뽫ԪҺ򣬸Ϊ
ԭѾԪҺѹ£ǳϲϣԪҺϽܵˣ˼
£֮Ϯȫǻϼͣѩϼ˪ӵĲԽԽңϲֹͣİһɹ֮ȫɢȥ
ҲӿƲסӣѵԵҪ֮
һʱ䣬֮ռϷ磬ȫʤķȥ濴ϵĲ״ҲЦˣڹǰеһУͽͣ
Եõ˵ţʱͻ


938 
ģǺ
һӢµľʿܲȥӵϣԺһֺĸоǺſ죬һڽӸˣ
ɣںȫһǺɵԺͲʲôףʲô켫һ𣬳¶ɳףҲаף
еģֻǺ
ϵĻ׵Ȼ𣬵ǵĹܣ֮𣬶Ǳɺһ¹ܡ
ȻɳɹĽ
ɲɹĺпܾǺ
ң⺮ӵͬʱһ˿˿Ļ֮Ҳɵ
ּѵ֮ʱһߵԪҺҲ˴仯
룬֮룬ڳ֮⣬һУᱻ֣Ȼ֮ԪҺʱ
ҪƿϼѹԪҺһ𱬷ˣŻ֮򱬷ˣǸоǡǶǵ£һߣǰ
ָо̣һӱֱӡ³Ժ
켴ԪҺͬʱ֮˽
ӵһƻҪ֮ƻ
ԪҺȴ֮ǰԪҺһְ㣬Ҫ֮ҲԪҺһ֣
糱Ȼƾİʯհ㹥ȥѾΪѶ棬һɵӣԼĹ֮ȻЩ
ɵ֮ǷŭȵϷĻ֮Ҳֵܵġֻ£ȵľ𣬻֮򣬸һ
£ɽдеĲľïɭֻ֣ת֮䣬㻯Ϊޣ𵱳ʩչľȥɭֵٶȣǧٱ
ɭ˲Ϣͱ˻ɽ
֮ԪҺĹͣû֮ˣĴΣա
϶ԪҺܹԵס֮Ѿ⣬Ͼ˼ǹɾͱԪҺסǻˣ
бǣԪҺɱֽͣͬУҲܵԪҺתԪҺأȥѰмܴ֮ܽͨ
ͬʱҲʩ硣
ڴʱϹ˵ƣϷʦ飬似ѧ˵ţ֣һʽȻǡһơ
ǱϤޱȵġһơ˫ӿֵķŭûй¶ְϥţɰѾһһԪҺ
Ҳѹֳһ
һϲʮףѾǿѹӳϵëѹ˽ȥһƾҪڳʱֹͣѹڶʮ𣬺Ȼ֡
ͬҲһƣ
һƶһƣһɻ֮߶һԪҺں߶
α֮ʱﻹȵ棬ûʸʦ飬ûʸʦ似ʦ似ɱңôɱˣ
䣬һ̶žȴ¡
صȲ֮ǰܣҲһͣһ֮ƻŸӡѸڳ֮С
ţ¡һը죬ϵʮɣѪҲαȥǱҪѪ˻ȥ滹оһƻţһҺĴڣ֮һ
Ȼ֮ǿҺ壬Ϸһľ֮УϷħӣйָоˣų˵㲻Ԫݽ𣿡
ǰ㰡Ļֽ֮ҵԪָˣ
ʲô˼
˵˼

ܱ㱰޳ܣ˺á
潫ʩչܣû֮סȻų̤նȥһʩչǡо̤
һƻо̤أ
ϲļЦ̤ͬգʩչо̤Ҫʦ似ƴսо̤̤ǽ
ף磬ͬʱʩչáԵġһȴûɱס
ΪһסˣɱһС֡
ˣȴٴһϢ
һϢ䣬Ϸ̤˰˲һ̤


939 ҹ
˵˵ҲһţҪȻҲ֮ǰ֮򣬲ǵǡͷţѾʥ֮
ˣƾ֮ʣ滨˽ʮʱ䣬о̤ھ̤
ɴҲ˵⡰о̤ɹġ
ԣģȫƾšо̤ϸɱħӵ似ɱĴˣ뵽⣬бûɵһˬ֮С
ʱų˲̤˲ھŲҲҪ̤꣬вһ֮УҲŶʮ꣬о̤һʱ䶼ˣϾͺһ˼£
ôܣѵ似һ谭𣿡
ɻ֣֪似谭Ǻ֮󣬲֪ܹɹģôĴۡ
ȻɻĲҲû£ʧȻȻûлУѡĻǡо̤ҪƵħӵ似֮¡
˿̣ϵھ̤Ѿ̤
ɲʱ䣬̤ĲоƱε˿סЩ˿߻ԽԽ
Щε˿ߣԪҺɣڣԻ֮𹥻һߣо̤Ҳ˶ѡ
浱ù֮ԪҺΧסǿ̤岽ȻȽϼѣ滹̤˳ȥĿޱȣ̺ɽáо̤ɱʵ
߲ڰ˲̤ꡱһ̶Ȼǳʩչо̤̤Ǹռ䣬淴̤ˡ
ƣʦ似֮£ʲôܣ
Цţ̤ھŲھŲ̤£žĺ죬֮򷴳ȥȴռһɲǣˡȭ
繭繭繭繭Ժֳ︡ʮ֣ԺУŵĶһѡģԪҺҲγɡ
֮⣬ϻ⡰֮У
ʵӣɳѲܣΪҪʦ似һԣϷӿ룬ڵʣ޼
״ҲȭȭЦûõģԵʵ࣬Ҳãжٱ󶼻ΪϷ֮
˶ȭͷȥ滹˵˵ʦͽϷĸǣɱʦϷõٺôΪɱ㣬ϷܵõһֳǿܽշϷĻ֮пܾͻһ㲻ҲӼʮ磬̺ӴԪҺȵȣ˵õЩϷԽʥҲָտɴ
׳գˣһоͻһ𣡡
Ϸǰôܻˡޱȣȴ֪ϵĵ֮ڣԪˣǵ飬Ҳԣֻȵȭɣ棡
䣡
ȭײӡ֮ǰһ㣬Թ֮Ϯ
ǣеޱǣϤһȻĹֱ֮ײ壬һսصôǰ
ҹһȣ
ѪˣһƬ𣬷ȥһԪҺҲûϣҲȥһܵˣ̫ˡ
ϱʤ׷ٸݺһǵ֮ڣľƣȴ֣쵽˻Եϸ̽ȥú˾أҪıǻ֮ȻúʹպǺɳ϶൱
ֻΪ˸أ˺⣬̫ǳòʧڳУͲ뺮ȡ
ԣ϶ȵ棬һ´ټ֮ʱڣ˵꣬أ˲ֱǧǱ
һػ棬ȴûһ־ɥ֮飬ľϲţԵû뵽ϵĺöôֱ࣬һɽֻϧЩöڣûгɳȫƵʵػסɽɽʵߵ֮ƣӲ˵ġ
˵꣬Ҳ֮¶ȥ
ķʽǱ𿪵پǰ
׷һЦ֪Ļ֮ܲܽҲˣ


940 ⺷ɫ磬·
ǧףǧףǧף
ûҪ򣬳ϾǱɽ֮ǧס
ǰǧױǳϵļޣڣһǿ֮󣬳ϻܼ£
һֱţ֮ǧ׵ѹǺʯ˵㲻һ¶ʲôȫ𣬻ǻΪ˻
ƣӲ˵ģӵ½һߣϷҲҪķСԳϵĶ־ڱصã׷ٹУһֱԳʩչŹ֮
ϵ֮ڣΣԼǣûдӸϽ⣬һƻ֮ɴں档
ȥɲУصװǧˣûпսģҲûиоʮŨϲɵսλǴܼ¼еģӦòڳ᲻ᾭǧı仯սѾʧˣ˵ɽ֮ʱɣޱ䣬ս٣ڡ
һǧף
Ѿһ״֮ڵǴڣ治ϵʩӻ֮ԪҺǲˣ֮ơ
֮ԽʢԽǿܵӰ죬Ҳرء
Ȼ֮Ҳ⺷Ҫ֮ĳ̶ֳһʵֻҵĴ֡
ţԺȴҪһ취Ҫ⣬Ҫȥ˿֮ʲôȥأУȻᱻȴʣ޼絹ʹˣȴǲܸһ
ĿǰʩչֶΣûƴԺһҵ˺ν磬֪˷ԭǽԭγɹ򣬻Щ
һȦֻص棬Ϊ뵽һɫ磬ɫֹ죬ޱȵؿڳУһ˼ϵ¶ģʹɫȥ
ʱϲƣˣӲˣϷĹ֮£αҪ׷ѹأ̫ˣȻȥʦǿϲ٣ϷǰȻƲϷĹһб㶼õģ
֪ӣ
㲻ӣһʣüͷ˵ʲô
ʲôһ֪ˡ
һˣϷھͽ£
滰£Ѿɫ£Ժһž죬ֻǶԺвһƻֱ֮ӱ÷飬ȫڡ
ƻ֮򱻻˲䣬Ҫҹζ࣬µ棬ɻһ۾־ȵĿ⣬֮УŻҡ
ʧƣ㵽ʲôֶΣھʲôȻܻϷĹ򣡡
ʱҲ֮Уɫ絽Ǻεȴڣǿǻ֮򰡣ȴһûˣܵɫ磬ôң
˵֮ϻص㲻˵ҺĹ޵𣿡
޻˵ʵǰ˵ʲôѾ˹˼ɣȻûͣ׷ɱĽŲΪǸܽĹԽҪȥ̽ףҪǣҪǸΪԼһ
һƹ򱻻٣û⣡
ȴڻţɫ棬ǲҲ̺Ź򣿡ڳɻŵʱûйв֮µĺѾ磬Ӹһɸɾ
ɳɹĹһɵ뺮оɳɹĺܱǿˣǺı֮Ҳǿ
˽Ǵϲ
Ȼɫܻ򡭡ţŽɫǣһȴǲܣ·׶ΣɫֻܴڳϵĵڣС
ϵ뷨ҪɫԪҺĹҲˣɫȴȻɫ磬ǾԪҺ뵤档
ϱ㽫ԪҺջصȻоû˿ԥʹŹ֮ҧȥϷҪǶһʲôĴڣ
ֻƬ֮Щ֮ԪҺ˵棬ŵʹɫ磬ʵģɫ罫˸ɸɾһ˿޴档
ɫԲ԰ףƣڣϷһ
棬ΪһĻ𣿡
ϷԷѪġ
㷢Ѫģ˼ҷƨ磡
㡭
ңΪ㣬ô׳գ
ܺúܺã㲻ߣϷ·
˵һ仰ѾǱ뵽֮£ϱظоһŨϢЦϲ·Ҫ𣿡


941 ʦΣ֮
֮Ϣӿ糱
ϸоԼȫÿһϸڻޱȵ˷ܣɿҪ׹ȥ
ֻǣͻȻһ׹ȥˣΪԪҺ
ɫ罫֮ûˣԪҺ㲻ٲսֿʼһֵĻಫɱ³һβܵá
ڲԪҺһ㣬óϸоܲˬ
ĿǰҲûиõİ취ֻøвԱܹʹá
ԣͣ˽ŲתƵؿ棬滹ų˵Ҫ·켴ϵģƣ㲻Ҫȥ·𣿡
ʦղθңһ⣻һûеӸȥ·겻ʦԸԣҪһ⣬ȥ·˵ţϾȥƸ߸
ϵĻоĵޱȣͬʱҲΪ˵Ļ飬ŭգŭ쳣۾һ֮ʣһɱӿ˲佫ϰΧ
ȻЩ̺Ż֮򣬹֮ӿڣԤϣԪҺƻͬԷһ֣Կǹ֮ҲܵԪҺ
ţƣϷҪܻϷĶٹ֮
£һɵˣֻеĳϣ͵һɲȻ󣬼ת棬׹£УϵллˣԺһúñġ
汻ϵжŪ÷ǳĪлһǱϷˣ˵ĸоŭˣһеظȥ
Ƭ֮䣬ϱٽ֮أ̽鿪ȥȴһѷ죻ѷ棬һƬأһռ䣬ʲôΣգء
ЩһŲ֪
֪׷ɱ֮£Ҳû·ߡ
ˣԥأϳֱѷ׹ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ϱ㵽ѷǸռռʱʯһֻʯڷǳһ۸ͷȥ̽飬ޱ޼һ㡣
Уռ䣬һҺɫ磬´ֱ߶ȷǳĵͣҲ׵ӣվ棬оǳıơѹ֣
յռ䣬ϵһоŨǻҺɫԶϯҪһĶǳлԪڤٵӣܹ߷޾ȴԲɴһ
ӣݸһ֡ʹĸоҪ֪Ŀǰǿ̶ȣɿʥǿоʹ֪Ƕôǿ
֮⣬̽ȥҲĹȻܽҲʴ
оʹûоȣϲʹ˵֮ǰǸ²⣬ͨʵеġ
ǣó𾪵ǣռŷ磡
֮磡
ܲ磬Ǳض֮߹Σ˵ǰ϶ԿѹԪܹѹģضҲ˵ǰŨ
һ˲ڳԺ֣ϵ紵ķȥ
ڷ϶֮⣬ȴͣס˽Ųѷ죬üͷţɽ£ڣ
ųһ·ΪǹϷģ֪ɽŨҪʲô
˹ҲŨҲ˼ɣĻ֮ûеҲľ磡
ǣųϵӣǹʥȵȱرܹױĴڣܷŹ
ֻһԥ¶˾ģһ̤˽ȥҪ׷ɱϣҪõеķһ̣Ľܻʵ۸ˡ
ˮ˻˻𣬲һǿһĴڣ
ȫ滷ƣ̤ȥƺ֮ˮΧѹ˺һȦӲһ飬Ȼ򵥣Ϸ֮Уѣƣôȥģ
ĿûгϵӰɻ󣬸Ͻ̧ǰ׷ȥԽǰߣоѹԽ
˿̣Ҳܣܹ֮ԽͣԽŨ֮أϷ֣ĿԽԽ
籩ҵĵط᲻ȫûã
ӿģ۾һתϥ£׼ͨɽľ˵ҲǿʵӦԿܸյľƣ


942 ʲôʲô
ɽ֮µĹսХˮӿŵĺ
ϥţûǰʩչУһ̶̣ǳؿΪƬռ䣬ȫ磬ҪǷſȥɣʱǵصһӿڣܼܳ޵ĻųϵĽǻһ֡
ڵܹͨɽھϵתֵ֣ţͼõľͨͷ
ʴٶȣȻ죬Ԫͨ˺ֹٱֻǣٶԽ죬ʹԽǿһ˲䣬Ϣꡣ
ʱ̣ھڳڣûͣһһ룬ҲûȥھŲﵽΣȴΪͨ׼
ϢĶǳУرǳǰŨϢԣԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨϮ
һߣ滹ûףΪʲô֪ɽ֮һŨĿռ䣬ÿһǼޱȣ֮ϵһҶۣξ˲ͣ˦£ʱض㸲Σա
ڹս֮ޱȵĻ֮򣬴˿ҲèһήϵâʱҲޱȣѹͬе⣬ҡβѣ·ʱϨһ㡣
оһʯһֱѹؿڣռ֮٣˵ûУԣάŻ֮ȫԪΪԼİΣûĻʢޱȣһ˷ɱԽԽǿ󣬵ĵҲԽࡣ
һ̤ʥ棬䱾Ԫȫɲ⡢סޱݣսȣǾٵÿˡ
ЩĵģĵģǳȥһķǻҺ֮ɫƵȥϲеֵ֮ķɣ
뵽ͻޱȼʴų̽飬һΣ淢ֵǰ״쳣
뵽ǰ棬᲻ƣ
ɴɱɷŹ棬ȡһҩ̷ȥҧ֮ǰжȥ׵ľ룬ڴ֮ϣգۼ㵽㻨һӵʱ䡣
ȻֳĶ濴ƣֳֻṴ֮̃⣬һ˿ɣʲô
֮濴ʹı飬ǲѵӣΪƴֿĸʴЦݣԾȻϡ
ǰЦƣ˵ˣȷء
ڴͨɽڰ˲ľͨѾ쵽֮ʱϵѪ˫ۿ棬ӴѪ伷ʦθңҪĻ֮֮ʱնɱˡ
һ˵ʦΣŭʹӽŵĳ嵽ŶԥأһƴȥƺڱϽս֮ǰ˵ǾʦΡ
ȵȣ
ʲô
һЦûлػȴǿ͵شһȭһȭ棬Ÿղһһ˲Ϣ۵岨ɽڰ˲㣬ÿһʮ
ʱһǧвײֻ֮ƣ
顱һ׼棬ŵŵŵصʮûӿǧ棬Ϩ˲ȥϷˣһεĳϣӿƺԪֵסʴ
֪ʲô𣿡
Цվ߾ۼŴͨɽھŲ㾭ͨȥϵɢɫȦ֮䣬ǰ
ɫƬռĻҺ֮ɫҪڣڵÿҪšˮʵղŵʹ飬ӣǼٵģ
ǰڸӣ
Ҳڰﻹȵʲô
ʲôֱĨȥѪЦʦеΣ
㡭
ıɱħӣħϣһħӣпƲסŭɱպȳһ֣ǲѪ֣ȴȭȥ

ŭɶȻʹ󣬳Ͽʹ֣ׯֻܵţȻһһýţһΪһΪ𣬵ǣȴһ
ЦҪ棬һľ˱ˣǣ㣡һԾȭϣֱϵĻɢƼС
ҲһƸĵڵء
Ҫض𣬳ƳҪŭ
Ȼ˵Ըⶼûеóѡ
ΪѾըǵĶϻͷһһ޴磬צ


943 Ұ
ʵ粢ֻ׶㣬Ϊռĸ߶ȣֻ׶ࣻǣ磬ܴ֣ƺԭӦе߶ȣȫ˿ȡ
һۿȥΨһĸоǺø޴
ٶȺܿ죬磬ɫ䣬ϳ֣еʵתӣϣȴԭһδ˵棬׳ˣӲ˵ġ
󣬳ֱֱض磬һվУ滹Ӱӣĵһоϱ϶̬磬Уˡ
γɵģ״ԭǡʣ뷨ٶ̫֮⣬Ҳûܵԭ֮һһ
Хţ˲УֱŵӣҲתɺ򣬳Ͻ绹һϢʱ䣬Ƿٿ񱼵棬Ҳ֮С
ͬǱˮƽλãڲĸ߶ϣ
ǰŰ涼֪絽ҪδĿǰ״Σ֣֮ڵĽɱޱȡ
ر磬滹ž
ɱʴ
ʹļס˻ԪָķټϿɿʥҲо޴ѹҲܵвһ㣻ɾвѹ֮£ϵʶŹȴ쳣һȦһȦתŵʱ򣬳ϾϸĿѹ¶Ȳȵȡ
ٿ棬ҲһȦΧţ˹ؼʱ̲żķȻһķϢһʥ
ȻʥĴɣȳʩչʥҪԪƴޱȣ֮ǰ͹Ԫ˵һ޴вΣ淢֣绹ڲϵرϮԽԽ
濴Ŀܵĳϣ۾һתƣϽϷ磬ҪȻǶᱻɱ
ۣ棬Цղ˵ʲô
Ϸ磡
ңһͣͻشȵҰ磬棬Ұ
Ұ֣شؿڣҵǲ԰ɫѿû˸˵û˸
޲ϸһѻճ˻ңȡеı˿ȴ뿿ϵ硣
ܣԽԽˣ
ԣʹǧˬҲòѹ£˵ƣһ֣磬ѩһԽԽǿ
棬ôûһ˿˿ζأ
ƣҪϷǼˣȥ
ɱңõϵı㲻ɱͲˣͲ棬ڹ군˵仰ʱƱ顣
汻ϵĻѪӿˣظʼԼΪʲôôױϼŭųϵ˫ۣȫŨīɱ˵ƣϷһᣬ뿪ط֮Ϸ֮ĶԹһʹϷ鷳
һʹһʣȵ棬ڳɣɱʦôܹõʲô𣬱ǲݵĳ𣡡
ȻϻûԭǣԼе˽⣬Է⣬иղŶ̽Ҳƶ
ԣ˵Ǿ仰ϱԼͷıѹ¶Ȳȵȣ㣬֮תȥ
ٴδ죬ƶ
ȻܣȻôɱ㣡һ㣬ЦˣԽԽǻˣȵƣҪףˣƾһ˵Ʋ硣
Ҫǲնɱ㣬ʦھȪ֮£ǲõϢġ
Ϊһȥˣħǳʲôӣ֪ɣΪνʦֵ𣿡
ûʦûҽ죬ʦԸһڣ棬ҲʦǰģһԣƴҵҲҪɱ㣬ɱ㡣
漱ˣ棬򲻿ƣ֮УѾˣʮףŲԵ˵ƣºҪʲôҶԸ㣬Ļ֮򣬻нʥ֮ľ飬Ҷ˵Ժ󽫻Ī㲻Ҫһһȥͽһڸɢˡ
Ϊһȥ𣿡


944 ľ㣡
ѾٿڱسϷ򣬶ʵʵ˵ҡųı飬˿ɳϻղ˵ĻƴҲҪնɱڿ
ԴˣǳŭҲǳǴܵĻʵСȫʥ֮Ц죬Խܣ㱻ţûгΪʥɴĻ֮ҲЦȺۣ˭˭Ȩһ֮С
Ȼʵȴ˲пᣬٴγصһɱˣ͵Ǳ֮أһˣܹգҪɱˣħӵĴˣ
ˣҲʹ䣬õĶô࣬ҪǾˣȫԣڴƣνףõĺôԱɱңҪöࡣ
˵ĺôʲôҲȡˣȻ粻ϱ任˵λãǣ棬ԽԽ
Ͳ侲ٿһ£
󣬵侲ĬţһģвɸͷϷͷոո𣬱˵侲ˣٿһ£Ҫɱ㡣
ʵǲףǿʳ磬˴ڣĺôҪȴƫҪƴΪһûмʦûԥˣɫʱޱȣƣ㻹ΪƾǶʵɱϷ𣿡
Ҳܣ磬ұܣ
֮Ѳֹ
濪ʼˣ̷ҩˣҪעһ
ʱֿɼ֮սȭͷ԰ȵĸҴϷ򣿡
ľ㣡
£岨ȭͷ㣬ʵʵشʥķȦϣȦһζѣȻһȭûдƣĲȭͷ֮֮ȻҲһӿʮ㣬ġ
ʱСꡱǲȦ˵һһµ˺ۣɫ䣬Ͻղ̷ҩָԪһӿάסǸȦ
һȭԽ£һȭʮֱ֮ѷ֮䣬һȭ켴ʵشϡ
ұ߸𣬱Ѫŭֱ죬뷴һȭһǧȭȴȦѾһȭȫˣ潫ʩչ֮򵽼£ֵ֮֮ʴĻ֮У˥ûȥ
˵Ҳܽ͸㣬ҳֵĻֻǸӿֲҪ֮
ˣֻųϵȭͷһδԣһƣһƣȶӵļʽ⣬֮ǰ˵Ļ䵽Σжɻɣѵħβɣ
ž
汻ݺ˦һӣȻһˣԣ㲻ʲôǣеġˡȴǾƽ˵ƣϷסһģš
㵱ȻҪסˣһֻϢѣϷһ˦ȥһȴ״㣬ϱϢĸһ㡣
˿̣ȡƿҩɵһԶ̷ȥֻǼ䣬԰׵ϣ˺֮ɫţִӴָһѽһǽһ͸һɽĸоɢĻʥϢҲɭȻҲαʥķ
涢ųϣ֮У˵ƣϷ㻹ŵʱڣҪˣ
شģһ⣡
ȥɣȥʦɣţӳһһǼʥķҲһ˳
󣬿һȳ֣
ը
ըƥܣ˿ľұ仯Ĥ
ںȳֵʱʹȫƴȻȥնɱϣӣӳ磡
ͬһʱ䣬Ͻеȫϣֵʥըܺʹ˷ӿ֮ת£ֵ
ɼʹȴȻܴڰȫ֮أ϶ԽԽԶ棬ȵһûΪʦ㻹û
֮У˫֮䣬ֳУ


945 ֮أ
˫֮еУԪҺɣҲֻܣȽ϶ܹ࣬άһʱ䡣
ԪҺ֮еҲȽ϶࣬ǳȴɽʵ̫ˣȻĿǣɴĳһ̶ֳ˵ҲĿǣرӿڵȥԸʱÿĵһĵĺüʮﵽ˰ٱ
֪ΪϮʱĵı٣֪Ҫٱ˵ֻҪԪڤӲ٣Ͳɢ
ǣһĵٶȣԶԶϴ߷ٶȣʱǱ٣ֻߣʵֱ̫ͣϮ뵤ԪڤӸŪˣʴûˣǱǾ֮ˡ
˲ҲоԼһڣҪĨɱ𣬳ȻɵôһԿǽС˳ƶͬһְ㡣
棬ʥը罫ĿڳϣʥѾ˳ԶȻȻûķΧȴʧ˳ϵҰҲõĳϻ֮
ʥһαʥըɵĺ䶯ʵСȻûеɢȴҲʼ˱仯
һֵĳϣʧȥӰ̾һϧ֮󣬱רоǰҪƴȥǺȫģ֮̽У֮̽ء
Щʱȥɫ԰ΪάסУԪҺģӴޱȣڣµĹ֮˫˺£Ѻ۳֣ͬʱҲ൱
ǣϲûͣ£ɢһԪҺ֮̽УʼԪҺһУͱɱ𣻺ϲͣصĸߵͣ̽ķ򡢽ǶȵȵȣأԪҺܹдһʱ䣬ϱȫĵظоԪҺ֮е״ܵѹ仯¶Ȳȵȣʱǰʲô仯ȵȡ
֪˶ʱ䣬һһε̽ԪҺ֮УѪǣЦݣ˲ԭˣ
ĵѹͣܵĿ˵ĳӿˮʹǰ㣻֮ԺվУҲ൱һϵת
Ǵתת
ϸ꣬ը죬㲻ڶըУȴɢˣɢ֮ǰϻ˳ȥӴڱҵ֮Уը÷䡣
ͬʱЩըڣԽԽ࣬ͷŶͷŲȥܵѹҲԽԽ󣬳ǻʣʲôôͻһӾͻˣ
켴Ŀһݣ˵ȻƲȥҾͽˡڷ֮УִͨɽھŲľ
̫Ũ̫ϸղֽ֮ϴ󣬵±ѴͨġɽھŲ㣬û϶ʱ䣬بڳڣȻһ˲ʹ࣬ԶԶ֮ǰоܺͣǾǿ͵񾭣Ҳʹû˹ȥ
ھŲ㾭һֿͨʼ仯Ӵ֮УȻЩѪ⡢ȵȣֿʼ˳쳣Ϥ顣
ֻϻˣͷ쳣һε飬ЩǺȥ
ϴ󾪣תͷŵȫÿһ䣬ҪϸɱǸϳȥ
Ȼ֮ǰǵ飬ڷˣԴԴϣɱ֮ɱһ˲ʮ
ԽԽأԽԽΣգ
ȻȥͨǬָʣµİĵһĵȷ󣻿ǣս˵ȴ㲻ʲôˣͬˮнܽʣ˵Ȼ
˼תŰ취ȹǰѹأǵﵤʴһоˣֻǰҲá
ͬʱڵԪҺԹ֮ʴ֮£ԽԽˣңǶ䣬γһУֵͬ
ɲ֮䣬˺ܶ࣬뵽ˮ뵽ɽϵӡĿһӼᶨסȻ㲻ߣҾͽ£


946 ʲô
ȻܺãҲ൱ǿԵиǷǳ⺷һĶĿǣޣǲľǣǱƵأϻ治뽫ڣΪ壬رҪðķգǳ֮һСľͻӶʣ¡
Ҫƾǰʩչӡľ飬ƽ˵Ϊһ壬˵Ļһ
ˣֻҪܻţȥȥɡ
ŰѪ֯棬һ棬߷ͬһʱӿѪ֯ûѪƴʽӴǰǰʩչʱΣһȦһȦתͣ
ˣϴ߷ٶȣŰڵٶȣ˲٣Ŵˣʴ֮£ϵƤ⣬ûֱʧȴǵỊ̇һһ䡣
Ḷ́ҪƤӵѪ⣬ӵ֮ʱԪҺͻ羮һ㣬ӿ
ɽھŲɣƷٴεõÿһﵽپʮƻĸʴײһ𣬵ֵӿ糱شӿϵ档
һƻһʴ˵˭˭ӡ
ǣڴʱ˿̣ϵڽ飬Ѫ֯ѾܵʴƻⲻܵӰ죬ټϣսȫ磬ϣռžԵƣŴˣвƵ˵ͬʱʴ˴󲿷֡
ʱԪҺԪҺܹȻЩתˣȻǸתԪҺһ֣ǣѾı䣬ʴܴ󽵵͡
ȻԪҺתһΪ˵΢΢ǿԺԲƣ
ƣԪҺһκһεĺ֮ǰ֮ԿĺΪܣԪҺ΢СУΧ
һʲôǣеԪҺһ˵ܣɢ
ķʽԪҺһκЩײһƻԪҺתһ쭵ӿٶȣǰٶáɡݣڵٶȣǡߡ
ԪҺܺǳƣȴȫıܣֱܣôΣ֮еĳϣҲǲһϴʱûжȥԪҺٶȣȡ˴ʱ䣬Ѿϸеƽ
Ȼ΢Щתǳȴû˿иٶǼֹͣҪΣҪӸϽ⣬ȫƣ
ܽأ
Ժ︡ԪڤӡбһԪҺ֮󣬳ʲôӣ
꣬ڿзŵӡ顱һ±ڵϣϷܿȥѲӰ֮ȻںХţ˿̳ϱ㴦֮İΧ֮У⴦֮磬ӿҡ
һģŻڳɳصӣ֮Ҵȥù쵽ǿɫػŵûҵķ֮ǰʴﵤ顣
һߣҲ˵أɱȳϺöˣҵصĵط֮΢СŨҲôߣȻǴڹսΧ
棬ޱȣǴڳǸҲֻøϮʴĽ֡
ӣΧȥ߱⵽ʲôطжãôܵŨǸƣȻϷ䵽˵زϷʥ
һ£ֵʥըɵĺϻ£Ӧûпٻɣ˵ȴȲϷûҲпˣ
ôһֿ֮϶˵ԣƾһܾܱɣܻϷĴڣһҪᵽ֣
Ŀ⣬ᶨޱȣ۾һתѾ˶ƣǴˣϷ㵽ȥһˣ֮ˣȫץϵƵĵˣλӦû֣ʵۿ϶һǻʸһҪǿļ壬ϻʸҵλ϶ܾǴܻʵСɱôˣأ
ܻʵСоһŭǴܻʵСĴţ֮ˣôˡ
ʰƣõϷҪĶϷʰ㣡ʰǣǵЦݣøգ


947 ڣ
ɫ֣ХŰ
籩񱩴ƴǰеĳϣûѪֻĿĴڵ仹δɣռϷ硣
ȥֻ¡
ͻػһݣ۾ž⣬ĿⶢǰƣֵδֺһֱޱȵĺڱʯӣһҲ
ڳҰģһɲͿ磬һƬһ̶Ƶĳˮشڼ¿񱩵֮Χһ־԰ĸо
һ԰ĵطǿһǴһƬ֣Ӳߣڵأ׸ߵĶֺͨɫԾðվĶ
ڣ
Ǵִǿ͵񾭣ҲڵǰƬʲô˵ƬսƬŰĵط
ת
ֶ֪ĴڣĳЩʱ̣ܹ໥תģǺˮԪ֮ǰջ󣬵ֳ֮ľ崿֮ˡ
ǰƬ֣϶˼£תľ磡
ϲʶ٣뽫ʶ̽뿴澿ʲôǣͲ͸ȥһݣת֪ܽɱġһ֣ͱ籩˺ʴøɸɾһ˿棻֮󣬳ϲ̽
ȻûЧҲû̽鵽ʲôǣأ֮󣬳ϸЦ⣬Ц⣬ֱƬ֮Уܹҵĸܹϵ⡣
Īڵ
ͬģﻹ޾ΣڵˣΣգҲģ
ΣգҪ̤ȥΨһ·
ڷ籩Ѱŷ϶©ȥأ㵽˿밲ıԵʱֹͣ˽ŲŶǰֵ֪η壬һݣô״Ƶġ
֮󣬳ȡȣûȳȥǵȴŻᣬԪҺӿУȵҪһƬɫɢҫ۵֮⡣
ͬʱ翪ʼѹ
ʱ̣籩ŰϮϲ㲻ܣȻ֣һȻ£ӿһεĿǰʩչϰٱתǰ
˲籩ײȳĿ磬ǽ籩߱籩ȴǽ籩в籩ķʹ籩ǲײȥ
ꡪ
΢籩ɲ֮ͱ𣬳ȴز׽ˣץסķλε͵һԾԾԾ֮ʱѹķ
һѷǰ
תߡӣѸһΣ˽ȥ
յ֮ϡһҽУضµġ롱ѪĽѪҲʺ֮ɫȴźɫУʴĽĨɫ٣Ͼ롱Ѫһ㡣
ϲҽеԭȴƬűܸ¸ֲķ籩ֻЩ籩֪Ժֹ淽ʽ籩ݻ˰
ͬĺ֮£Űӿӿͣ
ûӿ룬ˣֵܵڴʱˣԪҺҲ˿
еʵͣ˲ƿƤѪǣֱﵤ֮Ҫʱɫ緢ʱС̡ЩޱȵҲһɫɢˡ
һθ̾ɫǿͬʱȴ֣һɫ磬Щˣ֮ǰ֮ʱûгֵ
ٴӿȴ¶аȻ֮Цûʩչҷնֿܼÿһռľ籩ȴɡķ籩Űӣƴڴ
ϵĿ⣬Ƭ֣ȫѪĽţƶƬ֣ľǳϸ˵Ϊĵڣ
ʮ׵ľ룬ȴʱʱ֮УӣѾüɭɭ׹ǣвлҲһ˲䣬ͻϨ𣬵ִյ㡣
ʱ˫ֽץסһľֵһ˲䣬ϱоľ̺ŵЩľ۳ɵһ㣬ȴظо
ԥأתľ㣬Щϲӿ룬Щǿһ壬ͽӿڣûϸˣ
ǵģľ󣬿ЩͬһԴ
ϾϲͬʱĿȻ


948 ڰ㣡
ֲµķ籩ݻԱķ籩زͣŰɳϣվԨsţצŰ
ֻǣһƬĵ֣ȴڼرСľеɣЩľޣ·ûгһ
ľˣϵȴɢŲȫ͵˵Ԫڤٷ仯ͨʮתܴЩ֮ǰܽȫס˿Ҳʴ÷ֺȴԪӣƷһˡ
Ȼó·һ;ɳȴоЩѪϸתŵתʽڽ壬Ÿ֮С
Ͱָоתʽȥҵ˵Ҳǿȴȱݣȱƽʱ㲻ʲôɵȵһ磬ǵ˹ؼʱ̣ȱݣĴڣ
ţҲ֮ǰĿ磬ЩȻò׵ܽںһ𣬲ܵϡ
ȻҾҪáϵ۾ľ۾һЩľһģҲִڷʽǳʺҡţȥоÿһľȴûһĸ֡
ľļ٣һƬĿռ䣬İ粻ٴӿƽƽģܵķ籩á
ȵƬȫڣʧ󣬳ϵҰֳһӣӰĿӣ
͸̽ȴȻ͸ȥһͷųʧˡ
棬ʲô
Ͻס֮ȫϣֽԪҺӿԪָ֮УԪָһԪҺһģһɫĹȦһֳһȣ׼һ֮󣬲ӰĿȥ
ߵú̶̵ľ룬һӲߵϷۿȥȴǣĺɫҺ壬ֺڣڵôڵ͸Һ壬ǰѹγɵҺκֻǴ˵ѹҺȫ΢Ĵڣ
ֻһϾ͸оǹϢǣԣ뵤ŴţֻһۣԼԾͻữĴڣ
ϻһ飬ЩҺǿʢȵҲ޾ļ尾һ㡣
ϵ۾û뿪ֺ
Ϊ˺ɫҺ֮⣬㡱
ӱ״Сȵȣ½ϵ޲һģһ
ֻ㡱ɫ⡣
һΪڣһס
ҧס˰β죬Ҳҧס˺β
㣬ҧţںɫҺתѡ
ϱǳһת֮УûȥڰΪʲôڴ˴ʶȵȣȫרעںڰ㣬ҧβתС
۲ţţ鲻ԽأȫǱܵأҲѧźڰҧβһתϵ壬һַǳĸоȻһںһ
ʱ飬ڲĹѪƤһһֹķʽڳϹ֮ϡ
һսһǾžŰʮһ죡
˵˾žŰʮһ죬ɶڳ˵ȴֻһɲǣ
ۣһ鿴壬ϲԾǿȣ嵽ʲô磬ȴ˵ǣڵȴǼΪǢشţԪҺҲల
֮ӣƷһ˵һȭֻܴôɢܣɵЧȴ˺üʮϰٱ
ָ糣øǿ׳ֻǰʴȴûлָϴʱܸǵľ룬Ҳڰ˰ң
˰ף֮ǿˡûоɥٴ̽Ѱȥµƻ֮򣬻ûɢϷ⣬һЦ
ǰ㾫Ϊһ˿֮ѶԳʲôӰ죬ҲûнڵĻ֮ٵͽ˵ڣúˡ
Щ֮󣬳һοˡӡ۾ٴδʧ˵㣬㣬ǡǡǡ
һߣվںɽķ嶥һֻ£ǧźɽ˷ȥΣЦƣһҪһȥһҪţϷ㣡
켴Ծȥ


949 ڰ壬ڶͷ
ס

ѭ
ڰ㻹ǰҧתƺݻʲô
ڰ㲻㣬ġþݣñݣҲݣľľ
תѭſ˺ڰıʣ뵽˵Ļ⴦ںɽһ֮µĹս²ô򵥵ġ
ЩɻڳԺһʱûȤȥ̽սİأʱȤȫǰ⡰ӡĺڰ֮С
Ȼϲ֪ڰΪʲôΪʲôҧתǳϸоڰ棬̺ڣⲻˡ
ţţﴫһ
űģ˫ӡ̽ȥɫҺ̽ȥ˫̽ʱûио˿˺ʹȵȸӰ죬ͬͨͨˮһ㡣
ҲǶԳ϶ԣǻһˣ˫ɫҺ֮Уǿ϶ҲǳԲ˶ߣ
Ϊȥ˫֣򵥣ÿһϸԡڰҧʽ໥תţڤڤ֮Уϻ֣˳ǺɫҺת򣬻
תţϻš
أǺڰٴη˱仯ֻϵ֣˳ϵ֣ϾסѪ֮䣬ûɢȴһֳķʽѪ⣬׼˵Ǵתŵ󵽴˵档
ڵٴλϣȻβҧķʽתţ
һ⾳ڳ
ںڰڳϵʱԪҺ˲ͳ˵ڰͻع⻪һεƺӻˣȫڵķ龰סˣУ⡭
ûȳϼ˼ȥװкڵöָƽƣϵڵȡֻڵһˡӡ֮С
켴ת˼ȦӡеĺɫҺ壬ͱڵ˽ȥĿ࣬ɫҺܣж󣬳ˣɺڵɸˡ
ڵٴλصϻʱ˵֪ôҺôﰡ˵ţϵѪιڵ
ʮѪڵ⻪һ˯˹ȥںڵ˯һ˲䣬˳һǿҵźŲϻһϲڵĿҪˣҲһѡ
Ѻڵָ֮󣬳ϻǶšӡţʮָ絶ˢˢˢؽɡӡʯͷܹɫҺ帯ʴʯͷͨʯͷ
Ȼھ廹֪ʲôôǣԺأ˵óźöŹԭ򣬳ڵֱʮɣʮɵʯͷȫڴָ
һڣϲڳܹʯͷڳһͷ
ͷһ˲䣬ԺһһȴǴӴָȡһͷͷһȴǼΪƣɢͬϢƺͬһӡ
۾ľȣŨһźڰ㡰ӡĹͷʲôս֮һУͷǲĳֹϵ
ɲóϲô룬ʵ̫ڹ졣
ڳϴӴָͳǿͷȴǳɽ׻׶ˮϵõˮǴܵ۹֮ˣʱõķһСȴǱһڵı߷նɱ̵ˮ׳֮УҵͷʱҲǾͷô׳һ㶼û𣬲Ž봢ָ֮С
벻ɽ֮µĹսٴεõһͷͷðΣ϶ûеóʲôۣϱ㽫ӽװ֪ͬĺɫƵĴָ֮С
ɫԿףͷֻʲôϸо½ܣԽԽˣʰһУϲս֪ڹսжãɻһ£ȥ
һصսϵջԶԶĹƣ֮ǰֻսĻͨɽľӵһ
ǣûϵս˲򵥣
ϲͨˡɽоͨǬָҲͨһɾٴαǿأս
ǣЩڳϿ㲻ʲôջջһ˫ڰ㡣
̺ܣһ죬һ⵽ġ
֮䣬һ̤籩֮УûƬľûǺڰ㣬籩ȻûɢȴǼ˲١
Գ˵籩ǿңҲʲôӰˡ
ǣ籩ŲŵĳϣȴĿɫ


950 ȭ
籩Գ˵紺档
ңҲ֣ΪѾڲ֪֮УС̨ף˸ֽ߽ۣȫˮɵĽγԪҺʱ򣬳Ͼ͸оΪͻƣݻڰʱں
ʮĸ߽ۣǰδУǼǧһˣ
ϱ˽Ժ
ǣϵǣŵȴŨŨĿ⣡
ϵĿ࣬ࡣ
һǿ֮Ժʲôͨ˵ݳľȫͨˣǣպ϶Ҫͨľǵʱô죿
ǰܿôͨҵȡӡƷ׸ߵĴڣ򣬶޿ͨ
ڶ࣬ȴǡɽɽоŲ㣬һ׵ףǴӣǣԺأ
ûйѵֹֻڴˣ
Ľǳܹܵģ
ЦֻҲֻһĹ򣬺ܿ죬˶ƣ֮ɫٴԾȻϣûҾԼȥܴƾʲôҾͲأھ
Цһ£Ĩɫ磬Ӧû;
ôһ֮󣬳ضʱ˿뵽棬˵棬˵ҪǧģӦòڣ˰ɣҪˣҵԣȥأǧ
Ͽ籩֮У˵ʱʩչߡҲʲôӰ죬ûڷ籩ͷŲͬ˿ͬѹ
һ·ȥһΪĿ磬ڹս֮ǰǸ磬ȻЩ㣬ٶȴй֮޲Ժɨһе̬Űڹս
һӰǳϣ
ĳ˷УԣӦУЦţǰ˼ν硱硢硢硢֮ȵȣʻ˶ԣɸп˵үүңǡӵ껿УѾ֪ӦñѺںδǸϾŵħס
磬ҲһŵƣһǴɱˡ˵꣬ȭһһѹ֮УһǿҲ쳣ͣƷߣʮ
ÿһپʮƷҲپʮ
ȭ
磬ɢ
һȭԼȥɲ֮ӿЩ֮УƻһҲ˶ɢޣٻ籩
ȭܹӣ
˵ѭǷƼߡȥ
Ƭʱ䣬ϱսΧûȥѰǸѷ죬ٴλȭƱڶԼٶȣѭںɽ
ϵӸվںɽоԾȳʲôӦɽͷܻ棬еĻ棬ͬǧһ㣬ӿ
С
Цһֱ̽ӽǧ棬ڣúԶسԣֻ䣬ǧȫ˸ɸɾ
󣬺ɽһƬߣϼ״ûȥùĻ棬ֻǵ˵⿴̫˰ɡ
£֣Ҳǰȥֻ֣ںڰתѭתâɣأ
죬͸µ
ڴ֮µĿľи˲䱬ǿѿҶ֦
һ򣬺ɽĻߣͱдһƬⰻȻ
ԴǳҲͬԡƬɫ֮У
һк󣬳Խ˹ȣȥ
һߣڳϳصףǧʱ棬۾Ц˵ȻϷϣûҲԶˡ
£ԾУˡ
ֻգۼĹ򣬿бžŵӰһ棬һǱĿ棬һǻʸǣʸǵǰһʸòмƵ棬ǻʸҵǿ߻ʸԣһͷƽڵģȴǵ𣬵ߣһߣǴܵǿ
Ϊ˵ʣΪߣҪʵս˭Ӯ˭䣬˵һ˭ûдɱڣĴɱȴУһ֮ˣδȫָ
λΣ
𿪿˵Ϊʮɽһɱ


951 ʮɽ
֮УȻСΪ֣ȫƶһ䶨ٷ˵仰ͬʱһɻϢƵ
濴Żʥĵ𣬺޲һƽƣǸܻٵ֮Ĵڣˣȴţȶ֣ʰ㣡
ţ潫Ŀ⿴˻ʸǣζ˵ţʵۣΪأ潫ʵҧرأɲΪʸǻʹЭ䣬Ͼ뱻˸ɾԽɱ˸УĿǰӹ˵ֻʣܹһϳ̣
ȻʸǵһЦһΪƵĻ֮Ⱦڿա
ֻʸͷųϢӰԵĻϢȴǼ˿˿Ȼǳڰܹߵԭ
ʸͷųʸϢֵ֮еʱӿһɲ֮ͨУüһŭͷϵƽڣȻŹâǹɻϢüΪǿƣɨ̰˻һ㣬֮ƥУƺɻϢ֮£˶ҪڵأĤ㡣
೽һӡܿ˻Ϣ֮ȴҲǽϢյסţƽڣһʥϷҪˡ
ʸһ֣һý⣬̵õ˫ʹһߣҪʸһۣ೽˵սһΣ
Щ󣬲֪ߵغ΢ʩֽѵѡʸ𷴲֮˵ΪʲôʮɽҪɣҲҪһɡ
ҪȻŭģȴ֪뵽ʲôɫͻƽ˵Ƶλʦ޵ϣɵˣҲ޵ϣƵֵܣϣ֪֮󣬾ͽƵһϣȫͷβռһ飬Ȼ֪˾ͽ֪йλʦȴǴӵ껵Ŀе֪Ȼ˵ģȫиõİѱ
ɨһۻʸе巽Цһңһ壬ȫϷϣ浱ռȷ൱ݣֽȫ£桢СӡСϡСȸ֣ȻƴȴȻסɱ¾ڳҷ䣬ȴһƬûдһ
ʸҵó͸ģ󣬳Ҫν£ѩȻȻ䡣
֣Գ˵ν֮ǳһȴûаԹ˫۾žϲһȴԲҪǿǿߣȻʹֶΣ˵ʲô˵ϳϣûоԵģܽ¡
һţȹѣҽվ߷壡
ʵʸǵҲܲζȻɻҵʵ̫죬ǣұϾǴˣȴһС
֮ĽһΪǿȷ˻ʸǵԤϣûʸԼɵߣĺôһǸʸԹľ飬һ룬µһ֮ٸһľ̸֮Ͳǻʸܹܾģ㹻ʸңߣʸлд㣬˻ᣬһ򾡣ΰҵ
ʵڳˣĸвǴСžţıͬ˻ᣬһսǬ೽Ҳõ飬ռԴ
ÿһ˶Ҫ˸ȫ
ʸ˵ĻҲ޳ʮɽͲʮɽдܵı
ʮɽûıȴжԸƵıȦף޵һ
ȦףǲҲҲȦ棿
ˣͲ£һܽ¡˵꣬Ҫߣ˵Ϸͬʮɽ
ãǾʮɽʸҲˬӦ£ûаǳһݣ켴뵽ĲãȫֻҪǽʮɽͱٳ
ȿ೽Ҳ֮ͬ󣬵Ц벻ǵĵһκȴΪɱһˣҲ湻ҵģһأǱˣ
ҡҡͷѵǧҪСƣҪƣҿԿܳɳ񣬲ӵԭÿζ͹ԣһΣҪ߹ҪñϷҪ
仰ʸûʲôоȴȫȫᣬ˵ͷ˵ǴҾͽϢųȥɣͶ
Ϣ϶ǳϲЦ˵֪ʲô
ϴ˿ִ̣˹ȣ


952 ħҲֻ
˹ȣ͸Ŷ
ľïʢҲдСڸǻ̬֮ƫƫŹ֮˵һоǶټƶͣȴҪˡ
˹ƳҲŶ˹ȵĶΪһƬƣ
Ųȥ񵴶ߵǰڶ˹еģɱ⣡
ôͻȻÿһ˵ĶʱһӰȻԾڿУȵ˭ڶ˹ţĻˣϷ죡
˶ΪҲ㲻ˣȻڳУȴһֻ϶㲻ϣ˵ţѾ֣һƷıһնù⻪ǻ졣
ϵһЦôǰն£һָȣ
ʱƬƬ飬󶥽ӣҲѪ⣡
̤ڿеʮӰĿɿڴڵϼǰȥʱһ˵˹ȣǻأ֮ҲǶأֻҪ̤һǾͿȿϷˡ
˹ô۸ҽοһˣ
ˣ˭
ǵУѾ̤һϧڴ󣬱ذΧδ֣Ȼƽأ
ܣ
һƬϲᣬôţȷŻأ󣬹Ȼ򵥣ֻеĻ󷨣ڳǧһ̤£ȫƻøɸɾ˿档
ʱ˻رȵ֪˭ˣǡ
˭
ƣ˵ǹھϣ
С
˵һǱƣǹھϣǶɱպգ߾ģ
ϳ˳֮ЩҲˣҲˣԷɿٶȣ˹ȥôʱ˸ɳǰ˵Ǿ仰
عʱҲ˶˹ȵĹȿڣʱһɫȦ˹֣˹Խ֮أȻûһֶΡ
ֻǣЩֶϵǰȫЦһ
ȭɫȦʧޣ󣬳˹ڣ˵ɱ¾ڿʼϵĻ£˹ڵĻľήȫ˳ڡ
Űڶ˹ڣ֮ˣˣ⡣
ⳡɱ¾ûκѹ˹סȻȫǶˣÿһ˵ϣȾ޹ߵѪ֮ȫΪ֮ء
˹е˶ˣȴް취ٲˮͲնˣľˣǳ˱磬Ϊȱȥģǡ
ħվڶ˹ȵߴŶ˹ڵĲ״еѪѣǿȫȥȻûнɱɵ껵Ѿϸشݻ٣ԴǶһɶûʸħΪܹ벻ɱǣȻɱ˹ˡ
ϣʮλħ˵ħϳԥ֮ɫ˲ͼᶨӴָȡһĺĺɫʥǹҧٴϺʥǹؽնɱϽնɱʥǹϵˡ
¶ϸϽӦ˵ʵڻ֮ǰҲԳϼɵޱȣϾһս̫˿־ˣֻгΪֵܵס
ǣкʥǹڣټǸ߽ΪʮħϾԼһƴ֮
ϴʮħɱϣ˫û˵һ仰ʮħɱնǵһħ磡
ʱһɷҪذϢ֣ߣƺڵģȫǶħ
ˣոʩչꡰħ硱ʮħڵħһУȻԱˣ̵ܼӣϣϳźʥǹںʩչһʥǹϵĺƺԪ֮£ɢɱϢ
ħ磿е˼
ŻŨӳֻ˲ͽħ硱ڡ硱˵ǶħҲֻ
䣬ħ硱ʱʧ
ʮħԱҲˣ
ȻʮħȫαӲƷǿ۵ģ
ʱһǹһǹ
񣿺֣
˵ţѪ֮ƣֱӽʥǹץסѽֺɫһӱףʥ㾹ȻܽѪץס㡭
ʥҪõġ
һϣʥǹ㵽˳ֵ˴ָֿȭϱסʱﴫˡꡱ
һ˲䣬ɢѾûӰ
ӳֵȫ𣬲ڵʯ֮䣬ħȫûзӦȴܷӦתҪӣһתȴվǰʵɵĺأҵʦأ
ħоֱ͸ֱԶаæ˵



953 õϢ

ޱȣħоԼ궼סˣϽص˴ˡ
ȥˣ
ħոֻ˵һ֣㿴ԼֱۣѪ⾡ʧֻ¹ͷħһ֮󣬸Ͻ˵⣬Ӧôȥʮɽˡ
ʮɽ
϶ʱ뵽ʮɽܣһ飬ӿһֲõԤУƺʲô·뵽ʮɽϾ뵽˾ͽǣ˵֪ǰȫûУ
ˣӻ᲻ʹ
ħһûзӦת˲˳ʲô˼ϽҡͷѣֻлָܣĶҲǳ࣬һʹģԣɱҲⲻ˺޵ġ
ȻôûãҲûŵıҪˡ˵ţħֿʼħǾʧ˻꣬ŽеããҪʲôԴҶܾȫȥңҪ֪ʲôҶܸ㣬ʮɽܵȵȡ
ȽеԴɡ
в֮£ħû˿ԥ൱ظɴ䣬ٶȽԪʯ֮챦󷨡ȵһԴ
켴ץסħԾ˹ȣʮɽȥڳһһȥĶ̶ʱ֮ڣĶ˹ȣѾûһ˿ڵȣ
ճ˹ȵķΧԽڣûжãϱǸ÷зϢĵˡˣʦֵܵȵȣȫץʮɽҪǻţϾͱȥʮɽ
Ϣ˲䣬סˣ֮УһɴδйķŭȻɱйվڳߵĵħֱӱɱ
ڵħо֮ʱһ֣סħԵ˻ħϣ۾˿־廹ǿ־壬ΪҲͣȻﵽΪڸղŵǹɱ֮£Ȼ˿ûеֿ֮
ħûΪϲãϢת֮䣬뵽˺ܶࣻȣʮɽ϶ȦףȥЩ˶Ը֪϶ȥ
Σڽǵﱻץȫ屻ܣ˵һǿ֣߳ǿ߲룬϶ɣƾų棬СӡСϡСϹǣǴԲǿߵҲȫ御ܣ֮⣬һ㣬Գ֮ʱʸҲûάңȻôҲв˵ллʸҳŵ³һ˶δӵóȥ׻ʸΪʲôΪʸҺ³ҵʵȥʸҲҪѵȥˣҪһλᣬصףһݣӴ֮޽֮ƣŪãʸһ治档
ˣʮɽȦףѾдܡ졢룡
Ϣô죬Խ֮ؾ˵пҲⳡɱжһ㣬ܺȷϣֻҪɱϱλ೽ڲڣһˡ
һ˲Щ󣬳ɫƱ˪̣Ȼ˳֣ǾͱҲˡץסħת˷ֱ
ߡת£ħڿд֮ʱֱһľ֮Уٶʵ̫ˣʱʵӦֵ֪ܽǴںδɣ
ʲôħӿ֮У˵ڶ˹ȵһвõȵȣǵ껸ҵģɱ㣬ʱҺô
ħһԣüĵ֮ɫת˲֮˷ŭĵ껣úúã㲻ʣҾͲ塣ħʹؽֵܽǵŵȫ˵˳ħϣȴǻŸĿģ֣֮껵Щֵȫɱ⣬ֻһôԺΪ֮Ŀܾǰٷ֮٣
ϼʵأ岮֮࣬ҲпλõġħĲ֮УٴǿӿɵѾ·ˣϧųΪ֮ĵħϧޱȣˣħһκޱ˵ˣ岮ǲ࣬ΪѾϴܱĵһελ֮սУɱòˡ
ӵħУϵõҪõĶҲ˱⣬һȣ೽϶ҳ񣡡
ӣӶУˣָΪıһ͵Ѫһڣ̵ˣˣǺã
Ѿɱ˱Ű˿ɵܵҵҲо˱ϢȵϽ㼸⣻Ȼɽ
˵ˣٲҶȥˣһΣڳϵҰϣ벻㻹ҵǹġ


954 ֣
һūͣ˵ֻܱ̣֮ϻ䣬ͱ˱ϣֻһϢĹ򣬱ͱǧޣÿһ޶ǡ
ղŸô˵ΪõĴԸϢΪϴӴԺ󣬽جΣٻʲôΣ
֪һ仰ȴ³
ĲҽصɽͱƬƬ飬ϣϵ£ûһǺõģеȫѪѪۡ
ħΪֻţаûΥϵҪȻ϶Ҳøͱһ³
ϴ֤೽ûв£һ̣ϲʣҲ׿೽ʮɽ£϶Ա˵ٶȣбصԴ֮
˵ţ׹֮ٷſԣϽȥ׼̰֮ƣĿģĵˣʦֵвҪ㷴ǣȻɵȥʮɽȦףȲ˵ǣǵ
ʱڣָ˳ϴӴָȡʺڲ󷨲ϣűɽ
Ƭ֮󣬵ħ뱱㷢֣ȻıɽɽϵĻľʧϲµɣ
ʮŸʱ󣬱ɽһɽһڣĻ˵ñľѡ
ųϣѪŭǶħ
㲻ãħǱƳ𣿡һʣʱȫ嶼ץˣҪǲͲˣȴ룬ץסħ뱱ֱǶȥ
ȥǵ;У·ǰӪȻǲŹӪʸץУܻʸ˵һǧһ򣬳Ͼֱȡ侫Ѫ롰˳㽫ħľѪҲһˣֽǰ߾еĻʸ֮ˣȫ롰֮Уǰ߾Ӫеľʣ
һ·۵糸ϴ˿񱼣ȴ˿ûѹߡһһѭʹһʱϱ˽ǣһ˲ʹȥ
ʹǲ򵥣ϸո֮ʱһɰԵȻֱ֮Ҫϸ䳾ҲǸɴ࣬ʮġȭ£ʹ󣬶ʱ
ʱһ𣬡ڻʹϿշߣն壡
Ϊϵ̫ӻʸ´ˣң췴ˣ»һԴ֮˫̥
һݣʱ׻ʸǰĿĺڣŭŨһ֣һתʸ޾ʹ֮УƺĲҽ
֮塢˫̥۶ʱ۾Դ켴ųϣ󵨣СӣʥʷΪھ㲻˼رʥǡ
¼˵ȥѾϣȵҪҪ
нһ
Ǿȥɣ
ֱӼ磬ס棬Ϯ¸ûаԣ͸µѪ֮УµѪ⿪ʼʴ
ֻ֣֣
ʱһ̤Уһȭ£µʱ籡ֽһ㣬ҳɽ»ûӦ֮ʣѾƳ侫Ѫˡ
ֽΪֹ롰ˣѾȻûиоޣֻܲ²ʵйϵ
£ǻʸڽǣԷһĺУ
ֻϧȴø֣֮
ʸˣѾɵˣ£Ȼǳϵһ֮УرǱд̣ڶʱԸһнǻޱȵļѣȴּ䣬нҷ
ûеʱ䣬ٴΧƻʹ󣬻ʹбǸǱʸǴ˴룬ȫûз֮ڻʹһʹеԴȫɨգǲӣҲŹ
ˣϻץס˻ʸеʲô˻ӾŻʮȫϸˡʸܿƺȻУʸܿƱԼϵЩϵһѣȴǸܣ
ʸǣҪ˭ݣ
һɨʹȴЩԾٲǰоüͷȴǴáƵˣȡһԴ
ȻȻֱʮɽ


955 뻢Ѩ
ʮɽʼתһȦֻصʮɽ˻治һԤĶϴʱѾ򣬶ħʸ򱻰ǧ֮⣬Ѷ֮ٸ
ɵȴҲһ˿һټҲп£յħṩϣʮɽ
²ܵģڸ߽ǰͲ
ǣ߽жأ
ϴ£Ҫۼøһץ֮ҪǣҵǱѺںδҪЩʩǵİȫ
ڳϴʮɽʱҲִʮɽɽ£
ĵȻǺ֪
ʮɽĳħ˵ţϢӦ½֪˰ɣ֪ϻʲôʱ
һһһһǲСȫԸ綼Ӳһ֣ԺлܹģһʲôĴڣ
ʸȴӿһ󲻰֮С
ʱѾʮɽĸأܵĻء
ܻأȻڵ£ȴҲư磬ΪΰǳȴûаֱͣĿĵأʮɽµһԺȺԺȺ⣬оأЩصľ͵ΪҲʣȻֿʣʹҲԿܵʵʵǿ
ϧʵȴ֮˵ܻʵŸͼıֹ˵һ䣬ûȥӰһЩʵ߲Щʻȴ˿Ҳû
ϵȥ˵껵סţǿɽµĹսݼأǼΪ֮أû뵽ܴų
Ҫǲųǲʧ𣿡
˭˭
껴󾪣Ӱ֣껿˳ָųϣ㡭㡭ô֪ģ
ϾŸҵġ
Ҫ˵ţָѾǽϵһȥͬʱﻹҪ󺰳ϧָոմĻںʱѾֹסеĶȡ侫ѪˡУ
껶ʱۻԲš
Ӧ֪ҵĵʦǣѺںδɣ
Ҳ֪
йϧûԣ
ת껻ʹ֮У˵ħѾҺ
ʮɽյ㣬ϾŵĿĲóѵġ
ȥԺ£ڣȴɱ㣬ɱյ۵ˣֻʣµħһˣ˵׹ѣϼ˵֪Ѻص㣬϶ֻһˣ㲻˵Ȼ˵㲻˵ǶҾûô
˵껾͸оԼƺȥ˰һ㣬Ͻ˵˵ǱѺһʮŷ˫ر֮£Эˡ
ʲôĻ
ʱڱ任껸Ͻ˵ûʲôʣϾЩİѱȻֲء
ڣԶһԺǾ춼֪ˡ˵꣬һȭΣֽӹڡ¡һĿתȥ
ʱ֮ƬԺеˣڳϵĿ֮У
һֺŷػֺŷĻΪѾһɫˣԽԽǿһ󷨡
ڳϾͨ󷨣ڲ֮䴩ҪȻ£ش֮ǰҲѭΣαضᱩ¶
ܿ죬ʮŷſ߽ۣһǻʵƸ߽ۣϱ봩ǽ룻ǣʮŷǽڣ֪ɺֲɣȻܹ˴ǽȴǻ𶯾
ϲݾߣǰȥһֱߵֵŷͣΪǰ棬ϸоܹ¡Ĵڡ
ݿѺʵƶϣߺŷڣصӦöˣ˾ͽˣ桢ʦֵǣӦöǱǰŷڡ
۾תţǺã
۾ת˼ȦܻأӦдػɡ˵꣬˳ȥ켴ѭ£ܻصĻɽ
򲻸ˣڴ֮Ѱһʱ֮󣬳ҵ˴ۼϿЩõȵ󷨲ϣ¶һĨаЦ
ϱ㿪ʼ̽Ѱɽ󾿾ȻٸıΣ
ǴѾһĶضᱻڣǸͲ֪ѾˣҲûȻҲͲ֪׼Ѿˡ
ϸĶ󷨣Ķֺŷ桭


956 

һɫӰԺ䣬ûҪ೤ʱ䣬һУǴռرļžԺУգ
ĻһԶԺű㷢ַˣǻԵģһ䣬ǵˣʲô䶯Ժ䣬ȫǻԵģ䶯ɾֵôˡ
д̿͡˷ȥСڵص׸Ķ󷨵ĳϣûв쳣״Էɿٶϴš
ܿ㴫˵Ķ˵һӦǳˡ
ȵѣ޺ݺݵѣ޵ĵ̣Ҫãã
ȻеȫȻûҵйسϵ˿ټ˼⣬ѵƾʧɣ
ʧ
һ켴⣬ʲôѿڶ£
ʲôʲô£
ʣһٴ֮У
Ϸ˵һ£ֻΪڸ߽ϣܹ֣ġȻȻħˣȻң¡Ǵϣǡħӡϣǡħӡ£ֻѾˡ
𡢻ʸ˵ɫɱüΪѿ߽ܷ֣ɸ߽ж٣ôܷ֣֮ʱЦûţںδĿģҪЩˣֻҪסЩˣ³ϲ
˵ò
˷ֺŷ
ͬʱڵص󷨲ûˣֻþ͵ȡˡ˵꣬ϴӵص˳ղرĵطȥ
һͷ˷ΧԾǷҽˡ˵ô˵һ䣬ȴûаֻ֮Уðռȶж
˳һԴһɨ֮󣬳ٴصף
û϶ʱ䣬ű˷˱ﶪʧʧؽϢ洫ȥ˵õϢȻ˵ʱˣҪЩʲôϲӦȾʦŶ𣿡
ڳ˶ųһ̰֮ˣüͷϾڸʲôʲôıո˵꣬ͻһףо֮춯
ʱ˳ɽصһףϽȵС˾͹سڵص׹ʲôĪ㻹ܴӵص״˶߲ɣ
ϼԼˣûǲΣſָĶٶȷɿޱȣ
һ֣೽桢ʸԣеߣҲĿⶢŵصĳȻҲˣһָصףһ̺ŹĻ棬ض룬ֱϡ
һֱ֣ÿ೽漸ǻʥſڶˣĽԾѣʸȻδԺȴתǧͷ
˵ı飬֮۵ףһЦ
ʱоŻ˳ϵﻹɷֺ͸оŻ𱻻ˣŭȴ¶˿顣
˶ڵųϵĲҽɵ˰Σȴһ㶯Ҳû˽Ŀ⿴棬治ɫ˵Ϸ˵ϣǿģǧһС˵ΪϵĲȫûôģ
ʸһݣ벻ֽĳϣ֮ǿѵ˷죬һѵ٣
ڵƹ֮ȻǱɸɾ˼沢ûнϱƳ೽Ҫ֣ȴֹ˵ϣܺ˵ĻϢʱ䣬ٲ޾ɱһǧˣ
䣬ϵĴĶ깤Ӱ磬ӵصƳͬʱ˵ɱһˣҾɱһ
Ц޲˰ϵһ㣡
ֻ㣬ǻ㣡㡪նã
Ҳ̫ˣ޲ӣ޵ôɱˣ
£ϳǰΪЩŮĻԣ·һСˤ˵ģ
㡪ң
ҸҲң
˿òʱ˿̣Ͼа֮ƣǿҪǸǿ
ؿЦ޵Ķһѣɱһкη
Ҫȫɱأ
ġ
ħѾеĶӡŮȫңڣǵȫҵһ֮䣡仰˵֮󣬵ɫڴ䡣
Ϊץס˳ϵİѱû뵽˼ץסİѱͬʱԵħ޵˼㣬Ҫǵħʱǰ϶һƽ
ϣתͷŻʸǣͻЦˣЦʸСɺãĿɰ
󵨣


957 ǣ
ʸС֣ûʸǵĶ䣬ʸǳ׼ŭˣһ䡰󵨡켴ȳʸʱ벻ϻʲôֶΣĴǿߵǰǿƣ·̤Ȧ׵ģϣĴˣ
󵨵㣬Ϊսķ²๦ͣǧΰҵȴ޾񹭻ٵ£ǺһʥʣһǷ̡
ˣʥ֮ãԵն֮壡ʸһӦӣֲ˵Ҫòھû仰𣿡
ֻ˵زʵ֮壬ն֮

ӽ쿪ʼҳҲǴҳҾҳң˭ɱҳһˣұ԰ٱ֮˵ɭ䣬һɺ֮⣬Ʈܡ
ãϣ޷ģһ御𣡡
˫һ䣬һһ˵ҷģĨȥʸϵĴڣ
ʸǿЦʸңЦʲôһ𣿡
ǰʲô
ûз˳ŻʸǵĻ˵ʸüëһоԾʵϣ㾿ʲô˼
ֻҪһ£ʹеˣ㽫Ϊһ߾ʬ壡
ܣ
ʸѿڶʹʴǿޱȣǸմǿ˰ٱ£ôֳܻ˵״
Цʵǲ˵ڣ
ʸص˵ͷһͷԾӣôϵͷأȴ⣬˵˵ǲҪСҵģһ»ҵĶ𣿡
˵꣬Ϸźţźգʹʮɽ֮µ¡ˣʮɽؽ·ϣ
ʸҷַڸصãҲɱ¾ϼ̼Żʸǵ񾭣ʸĿǺεɱЦƾе
ֻṩ鱨ѣڶǳҵǹִߣʸСǹ𣿡
㡪
ϲᣬתͷ೽棬˵ʮŸʱ֮ڣûлȥǱɽΪʬҰԣɽһʬ£ɽһٴڣ
೽˫ͷųɱֱѹϣʵڱϷ򣿡
ڱǣôѵֻǱңұǣŭЮɱֱ೽ɱײȥ
೽оؿһ͡
ССĽ棬ÿ೽֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ǧҪС
˵תͷԻʸ˵ˣʸСĻʹҲǣֻҪʮŸʱδȥǻʹͽ
ΪԼ󣬾ƽ⣿
ȻƵģǣǣܣʳָҡҡ
ߣ
ʸһߣǸذڶʳָޱȡ
˲䣬𡢻ʸǡ೽ңҪЮˣʱЦ˵СʲôвϷ򣿡
һڣͱϸɱ˸࣬ĳ˵Ѿǹ¼ҹˣٻ仰˵һڰȻϽһȫ֮УҲں
һЦԼв㣡
һ㶡
㲻Ǻ֪ʲôĻ֮𣿡һʣȴʵûʸԡߣп೽һ㶣κˣϻܹĴڣ

㲻ͬҵҵʱԱʲôòͬأҾͰǶţӦҪԱ˭Ҳס
ʲô
ҵסʦֵܡȫͷˣǺúһ棡
ϻЦ棬˵ǶȸϷϷԺúÿһ˵ġ
ǰ׳գ
һʣɫڳʸ˵ܣɱһ˵
Ҳǰ׳գ
϶ŵͻʸ˵ɫ֮ϣǷŭʱһʮɽһȺˣͷǾŻӣбд̫ӣ
⣬ʸûжŭϷǻָƽǽ
ûҪӣʸһɻʸҵֱϵѪ˵ǰʸһȺ˿ʸǣƺһ㣬æ¹򺰵ʣȾȻʶȾȻʶ
ʸǿǣ۾ѵõתһ˿ᣬ˿ᣬ˲䱻Įȡ
һߣסˡ
ҲסˣҲˣ


958 ݣȻ֣
ѵõĳأǺЩ顣
Ҳû뵽ʱ
ųһЦֻһЦЦ̫̫࣬οоϲȵȵȵȣת棬紺ЦݣȴЦֻ˵ҵȻҪ֮գôܲأһҪţͽϡ
һ̾Ϣ̾Ϣ֮󣬶Գ˵֮ȴǲÿɷ˵ɱҵģ죬һùһңһúö㣬ò١
㣿ƭһһ㱳嵶ģٶŭһ̣й˳
ҪʲôҶܸ㡣
ֻҪĹֻҪİܸ𣿡
˺鲻٣еֻ飬ɭ˵Ȼˣһȥħžۣ
һԻϵһţ϶ΪնɱʦΪ˵õʦĶջĿĴﵽ֮ɱ֣ȴ֪Ϊʲôԭ˳
ΣҲٻȥ
Ժ˲תЩ˼˵Ĳͬҵ
ȿڵǻʸǣֻʸ˵ϣ㲻ð׷ˣ޲ͬģ޽ҪĨɱĴڣɱٻʸѪ޶ںգһۣҪɱɱɱˣֻҪ»Ů˴ڣ޵ѪͲϣڵ䣬ÿһٸ
ʸⷬ˵һéٿ֮У켴Ҳٽϣֻų˵ϣɣ
˵Ļʸȫɵˣɵ˿ޣ
Ҳʳӣ㹻ݣ
ûʸնɱȴǶŻʸһĴָʸ̹Ȼ֮ʱӰͻƾʧһ磬˲Űڿգ
Ԥ׵Ĺʱ𡢻ʸǡ೽ǾУֻ棬ΪԽ֣֪ϵͣӹһ١
˵ӹһ٣ȴڵ˫۶磬ŵȻʩչֹЩޱȵΪʲôܹƣ
ڴ֮еĵʸǣδţδһʱ䲻ɻ񣬶Ѿ磬Ҫʸ
ʸԡ೽桢ȴǵʥֻһ֮ңΪҪƻ磬ôƻ
ʱ󺰳죬Աǵʥֻƿ磡
ʱϵѾҪץʸǣʸԸоɱѸתӭϣͬʱʥըʱɢ
𡢻ʸǵֻлʸԱɱӶӲˣ籬ը˲䣬ϵġȭڡߡ֮£˻ʸԵĹصؿڡ
ɢʸҲ˵ϣ۾ȻţȴԶһȭ̺˶ʮǺŨ
ʸԵ壬һȭҵѵĴأĿľңʸԵȫϣڱɡ
𡢿೽ˣȻԴƳҲϮǵӣ
һ֣˽õ𾪲ѣҪȻϳϣողһģп
滹벻ףôõģ
ϸղų֣뽫ʸ£ԴΪҪЮߵʦǣԺ޹ǵشսȴƻˡ
̧֣ҪһȣϣٸֺϷɱ
ԣס֡
ǰֺŷҲͻر͸ؿˣϿ˵ף˳桢һ衢λʦ˺ʡ˾ͽİ׹ǡΤ롢塢ڴ󺣡СİˣϹСӡСϡС
˵йصģȫѺֺŵʮ棡
ֵһŷѩȻҲĶӣ϶뿪
棡ʦֵܣˣһһ켴üᶨĿ˵ģһǳȥģ
ųᣬ˼ʧʸǸӿֻŵͳûʸ̷ȥȻ뿪
ֳзֻʣһˣ
濴ʧĵǣ۾һĨ⣬ֿųϣʵشϷ⣬ϷĻͷһˣ


959 ɣһҪ
ʻûᣬĿӴ֮󣬽Ŀλʦϣݿ㲣ռķ⣬ǿϵ񣬳֮⣬ޱŨϲá
˵ʦԪˣңоȫ˵ţת⡢ľ̡桢ˮ
ǿһһ㶵ģȻ֪ھȫޣĿУ¶飬˵Ժֳ˳ƴŰѵĳ
ãܺã
޵Ҳǵͷѡ
ֿʣû˵ôڴܵȴǸϽʵƣ˺ν磿

ϵͷ˫̧𣬡ν磬ܵѹͬѡ˵ţ²ʱһɷХ
ֳˡ硱˿ںδ
һЦֿ˾ͽǣ˾ͽЦ磬ָ鷳ˡ˾ͽյϴϢʹҪ򣬿ȴڰ;أȻ˾ͽǳΪǿ֥ɺ棬ǣһȺʣǻ˸ܵĽ֣˾ͽǣҲǸ൱صĴۣ
Ҳǵ¿ˡϴʣ˾ͽȴˣᶨص˵ͷ˫ȭͷҲյý
СײǽڣҪƱڶСҲ˵ţһҾ;ǳǳԸʹ죡
˵ν硱棬۾һ켴˵Ȼеţ֮ؾڴˡ˵ţҲ˷磬Ҳͣǣϵʲôˡ
˵ô¶
Ұ
˵ڹսҲ˵ģŭɫ棬ȵܿϷҪ㾿ж񣡡
£ֵڰ˺ŷ䷿ȫǳˣˣ沢ûнȫɻңȴǻɻ𵶣ŷնһȦѪ罦˵ڻ֮С
ʣµˣֻŵ˼㣬ϣش⣬ô¶ⳡ£ȫģҪǳȥƴҪǳȥ
濴⣬ЦˣҪľ
Ȼȳ˵һȴ˵ٶ˵һߣųߣߣɭ֣ʮ˵
Ƹպþڵڰ˺ŷһĻɷֱⲻƽƾʲôҪǵȥҲ
˵ţ̧ͷ˵ǰңԸΪЧʲôУ
Ѫɱ
һٴʱڰ˺ŷڣԾһӰֱնףһĻ߽Ծ涼ССؾһ벻һ边ȻѪԼ׹Ҳɱ
˭³һ˵꣬ųϣ˵еˣң㲻ֻһҪ󣬳ңҪƬ½ϣԶԻȥ
ˣû¶ж쳣ı飬ȴǵ˵Ҫ̫ˣҲ̫ˣҲϲֻʣһˣҪһ壬ҲҪͻʸСһܶܶĺӣʲôңʲôԶԻ֮ģʺ
Цˣ˶˳仰Ǳ̨ʣǾǳһᾡǳȥĿŵȫǶԶš
Ϸôȣ˵ţҪɱ¾ȴ˵氡棬֮ǰ̣ȻãʵǰԳƵҵ磬ȴԹۣƭʥ棬Ǹջʸ˸Զ³Ȼҵ֣ɱǣ㲻ֱӸҺȽɱ˸ɾȻʲôذذĴڰҶԸ㣬ʡ¶ˣ
棡
дʸǵķߺΪʱʸԵԽԽ⣬ιסĽŲʸԵϢԽԽ
ʸǳʦңȻҲʧƽռǷֳţ
棬ȷʵų˵˼ǳϿһ䣬ǾҲһƵ磬˵ϣһ䣬û˼ϷĺȤϷݣÿһϢɱʮˣ֪Ϸݶã
£ʧޣֺŷȻҲ編һ㣬ڿУ
֮ϣİΪϵߣӶĸɱÿһˣĴİɱڶ
ڼ
һȣ


960 һϢˣ
ڼ
ûʻһն£
ӶɱһˣҷѪڿз
һֺŷеˣţ似ѧģҵĿʮʽǿ̫ˣԣ似棬ſʮʽζ
ŵʮʽζ˵£˵ҵĹ룡
򽣹һһԾ̾򽣹һҲУ
˼ڡ硱ĺʣҲ˵ԴҷնڶʽҲ䣡
˵һ˲似Щ似ȫͬˣиͣˮлȵȣôںһģ
ڼͲʵΪԪγԪҺ棬Щ֮ѣԳ˵㲻ʲô
״̬µġڼȻСӣ
Ǿ֮䣬ѾӳĽĽ֮£ʲôΣʲôΪʲôȫãİһ֮ϣǷʬҰѪɺӣ
塢Τ˿𾪾ƽǲò̫ԶΤ֮һϸߵͣɶ̶̵ľʱ䣬֮ͬһԽ칵ϳɳԶҲ󼰵ĸ߶ȣ
棬˵һϢʱ𣿡
αʥҲˣȻҲڲһϢʱİ˻ҽ˹򰡣
֮£似ã׽仰вɲʣ𣿡ԳԽԽȤˣȤͬʱҲԼɴ⣬ͬʱһͷ𣺡ǵòɽҲҪϸնɱˣǿȥ
һĻĵ𣬾ţҲŭţİˣҪ֮һǴɱкٺȻԱҹ֮£Ŷܸһش
֪еĲãĽ֮£ȫˡ
ɱİˣûһϢʱ䣬Ȼ滹ǳ֣ɱʮˣɱӿ֣ЦϷɱˣɱˣôɱôɱ
ˣɱһˣҪϣնһٵ
ϣ㲻һģĺϷֻǸտʼѡ˵꣬һƴ߻һ㣬Ųʹ֮⡣
ʱǧӿ˽Щ޳϶Χʲô֩룬ƿ𣚣򼣬˫ͷ˫βߵȵȣ
Χ֮ʱǱӴܣڣϰȻԣһǧֻŽϵޣ϶˵棬֪ʮɽ𣿡
ϷҪ֪Ϸֻ֪Ҫɱ졣˵ô˵Ľ䱸ȴָһ㣬ЦԵˣСĵʱ˼һˡ
ĶĿһݣѵϻ֪ʮɽռɱܣܣħЩĶӣ֪
ٴμ޳ųûеʹɱ֣ȫȴһУХ
һ֮£ֱӱ飬ٲڰпǧֻ޵ˣ͵³һѪɫ԰ףҲȥ
Х
Ժ֣תԪϣԪ۾Ҳϲõľ⣬켴˵ܻ׽Ҫ׽ˣ
͵ͷѣȴûע⵽ԪϵüĿ䣬һ˿ɻΪо֮УХڣ
ûƣǧħ޻ЩججȵǶͨģ˵ģӦöڿʼǾҪңߣ
𣡡
һͷܱԣײҪ˺룬һָ
ʬ廯һ̲Ѫˮָͣȥʮ£ʮͷ޽ڡֳڵһɲǣӦȥ
˹״޾壬ͷнŵģûŵģڵء
ϵ޹ǰǰʧķ򣬡һеǰģҪ𣡡һֹķʽ޶
޺ʱ˷ƺǶѪˣȻ󣬰ճϵ˺ɱǰ
濴һĻҡͷѣûһǧֻޣԪˣԪͺöԸöˣǣơ
ûмȥѾ˵ͣ£ϷҪʼɱ¾ˡ
ͣ£Ͳɱ¾𣿡һʣھۡɽŲ֮ԪҺȡ֮
ЦֻпϷˡ
Ȼ濴û˿ͣµĶһأɱĿɲЩ޹ؽҪ֮ˣǡĻһŻϵڷȥ
ʱαֱֺŷ
״ϲȣ𣡡
ˣ
º󣬳˵


961 ɱ󣬾ȵ
ˣ
ֵĵ϶ޱȵһ仰ɻ󣬻ѿڶʵˣΪʲôˣ
ΪҲô𣿡
Ц޵İ˻޼㲻ͲģɴЦЦȴԽЦԽȻѾôʱ䣬˵Ż޼𶯣ɿյĳ£óϴһƬİ磬ɱŶԡ
ǣδ𣬳ϻڼֺŷͬʱһɾֱ棬ϻ˵ţ˻޼󣬵һֻ֣Ѿа˻޼ˣ
ʲô
𾪺켴뵽֮ǰʧϽһɨգƵضôһ룬Ȼһţȵղ棬Ķ󷨣
дɱ󣡡
Ͽ˵ţ϶ȴǲԳʩչǹɾû֮΢ֵҪȥѾһγǵˡ
ʱϺɱ𣡡
£âƵض״״ס·ҲȫˡɱС
µȦףԼϵޱ֮ʱŭϵȭͷֺŷȥҪһӰ㣬ֺŷǷһƷڵķ㻹ȭͷƲɣСĵﻯһŻҽɣ
һ仰УϵȭͷѾʵʵֺŷǽϣǳƷڵķݣڳһȭ֮£ˡȴѿˡ
ֲѷһ˺ֱӽǽڸ˺룬룬ҪڳϵĻ棬һץУ
һɲǣһֺȻըڿգ
ʱֵһŷڵĶȻըˣ䱬ըܣȻһʥը൱øҿ񱬣ֱҪĵһըѪƬ
˫۵ǵѪ죬һУӰתѪܻ֮ܺ壬ϸоѪһ𶯣ֽŶڷǻѪӿ
ϣˡ
һУֵһŷըֺŷըը󲿷ɵڶϮ
ѩȻǵѪ۵ؼ񺰵϶ùܵģֻҪܻţȪ֮ҲܰϢ
İɣֻһֻҧһ£ʲôµġЦ˵׷ģɿסֱﴩϣԱ㻤ǰΣҲֱ䵽ѩȻԷһ
ͬʱϻϣµǸʲôιʲôҩʲôһࣻãһ̽ûз쳣Ҳûջָ񣬱߶ɻ˵ȳȥЩʰʰǡ
ǣ϶
ѩȻĻˣ˵ӣһţ
ĸ֮Υ
á
֪ھΣҲϷϻѩȻ֣ȥһۣ˫һһһ纷Ȼ֡
ӿֺ֣ŷ
磬磬ԪҺ磡
Щһ磬ԪҺͬ
һߣ桢λʦ㡢˾ͽʵһƱˣסǵķһѷ죬Ҳɣ׷׳֣Ҫѷ죬ӳȥ
ֻʱ̣Ϲһ˱˳žˣ
ţССҲˣȫϳȥûг嵽ϸǰȴ˵ССӣСϣһҵ
СӵֻתѩȻ
ʡ˳ˣ˾ͽҲˣߵ֥ɺ棬СȥϱЩ֥ɺٻص˾ͽߣȴ˾ͽ˵磬Լĥ£
ҲԣȻ٣ֺŷҲ٣ֺŷѾάֲסˣ۾һݣӿ
Ϊƻ˿ȴάֺŷαʥǧ˲ӿֺŷֺŷıҵͣ
ҳȥ㡣
϶ֺŷУЩ㶵˴ѾֺŷĳһȵϣùǣҪҪţ
ͬһ˲䣬е棬ȵô˻ᣬɱ


962 ˮ
ڳһУЩ˵ļֵϵʮ֮һٷ֮һˣһĴԸϣȷʵޱȣȴҲܴһ˵֮ǿǿǵ뿪κһˣ
ǳܻŻȥôӽԺ󣬳ҾԽվһĸ߶֮ϣļΣҲܴӴһһʵ֡
Ϊ˼壬ԣһԥغǾ仰
ǣϲûзǣάֺŷȶűһһĳ
Ҳʱ溰˾ɱĻ
ǻ֮УڳϽαʥһŰֽһ˺ˣţϣǻֱӸٳѪ
ɱУǰŨŨľϮţ֮һеʱ˰˸ӣ˸Ծ֮٣ųƿ£¡ϣҪ档
ϿŰ˸ӳ֣۾ų⣬һɽصǧŰ״ǰ˸ӣǰ˸ʱϻ˸ǡ󡱵ģң˸Ҳ൱Ӳǻٶȭͷȥȴûи˸ӴκӰ졣
ˣ೽桢ߣʸǽͬʱ֣ÿжһʥķʸǵŵģ巽
ʱ󣬻ǵġ˻޼󡱣ȫôǻè׽㽫ϸС
ϧˡɱ󡱣
ѭΣֻӲƴɱЩ˵ƹȻǿֱǧֻ޸סˣȫΪܸоΣյ㶡
ϼ״˵ҵĵܲΪΪ̫СҵĴɱ󣡡ȻάֺŷҲӵòˣһȣˮ
ʱ䣬һռͻӿ˺ͺˮˮڵأӰ㣬ӿڿգˮֱ˸û˸Ҳ䲻ȥƱˮסһ㡣
ʱֺˣȫ˳ϲάֺŷȴǿֺŷ˸ȥͬʱϷ򻹾ϼ֣ҪˮϷĻʹˣ
˵꣬һֻ£ȳһ֣𣡡
ǹˮ棬ȼܴǺˮҲȼ·ܱڿյģˮһ㣡
ʱֺŷûϺˮ֮УȻըըͬʱ¶аȻЦݣ˫һٺȣ磡
磿ѾѾӰֱɱȵϷͽķ磬ƣ٣
ɱ䣬ˮϵĻһֱɳϣ
ҡͷ˵ҵķ磬ܽģĲǻƣǷ硪ˮ𣡡
£Ƭˮ֮Уһκ˵Ļ棬ǰ֮ϣŻ
ˮ԰˸Ϊģγ˰˸˸ӲȫӲá
۾ɫûСϵ͹ϣڳϵֶΣˣԹѵڣȻӣ
Ƴһ·ǺҲѵȺٴκȵֳˣȴնɱϵʦֵˣģ
˼ɵؽĿ˵˳۾סϣֻҪһһͻӿ
೽ߣɱ
ʸȥɱǣлȵػߺڣ
ػߺڣ
ڣ
£ȴûаӰ֡
ô״𾪻ţ˵󺰴ˣҵĴɱ󣬷ǽ˺Ҳаֻè
ûˣҲɱǣ
ûֱԳ˵棬һֱǰߣܳ󣡡˵꣬һ·ڳǰʸȴǿ
СӣһҪţ
һҪţ

ȺдʦֵЦŻصİɣɱҵˣûأ̤·ȥ
ЩͻʧǰȴǴȵϣΪߵóȥ޸㣬ǳҲֻ·һ⣬ɱ޾ڵǣ
лҡ˵ţһХХǧ޶̵ǻһ𣬡ǳʮɽǱˣȥȥ
ʱתΣһǧǰǧ޸Ͻ̤׷ǰȥ
Ҳʱ򣬿೽ɱ
ƴ
Цˡ


963 ƣܲ
죡
ɽ
ϵȡ족ߣȡ򴨡ıǿ೽棬ʩչģɱУ
طڵδȴҪ죬֮˭˿ɵ
嫴أǧӣΡɽݲһˣ
ңʩչĴɱУ֮ʩչģһɱܣ
ƴûгûɱϣܾãһЩԾֱ³֣ʱ
֣֮ӰҲԾȻڿգצ
˿籩ϮϵӰȴʧˣǰģǰ˸ΪĵĳУѷջǲܣᵼܸصˣ
ը죬ҪĴɢ˸У͵ֳһ磬ǴɱеܣȫС
ʱϵ˵ˣڴɱУҵĵҲ룬ûҵܵҵ𣿼Ȼ㣬͸Һúôţնɱ
ÿĿͱ㣬൹Ҫ˭㣡˵ߣδ䣬תһʽ족೽û˵ȴͬһ㣬쳣شһɱȥ
ɱУɽ
ϵδ㣬ںԪҺں˶ʮ岨ġȭֱ߻ȥĿһݣȵạ̃㾿Ǻεţ
֮УԾգһţһɫɫתѣɢӴܣҪӿ³
ͻأһѹ磡
һ飬ɫʧޣ
һ̣߶پɻϡȭߵ֮ϣƻͬܣȻϮ
ʱƣ
ѪˣϹͷꡱ죬Ѫ֮ҲһĴѺۣ
дϵˣ죿
ڳϻȭһ˲䣬೽ɱϮгһƬأޱ߼ʣҪϵǡɱ󡱸ƣҪظУϻصһ֡
೽յʱ൱ãһԣϸջһȭھȥδ֮ʱ
˿ɱϲҲˣ
Ȼ೽ȴֻ֪ҪϸڣԪҺϢ̬֮ȫȴûзɴؽɡ
Ȼûг֣۾ѩˡ
೽ɾͽ£ҲǸоΪ˼飬ӿ֮УȴתйʲôĿģҵĴ֮У͸࣬һ
ˣػ𣿡
ϵģԴ˻ƵӴ೽ɫһ䣬һ֮ȴ³ľѪ
ɲǼ䣬羪Σɣƽػ졣
¡
೽ȵغϣ
õġ
ϵ˵֮ںڰһȦһȦתţתӿӿ೽滯Ƭ֮Уÿһʴÿһ
ԽԽŨ֮أ͸
ǱҪһĴأȴһһ绯ޣһߣһɣʮɣʮɣɡ
೽ȫǰ棬Ĵأˣ
أѳأ
ɵɽνΪ
ûȥɽһˣûշЩˣֻòˡţӰ֡
೽һĲ԰֮ɫϺѶԸȴûϵѶԸʮֲĵؿ֮ҺΣһˣΪʲô˶Ϊʲôһ㣬ûܻţ
Ҳ
οһ
ָڿգʱŨŨΣ˲ڿ೽ϣ೽Ȼʹ˰֣ʴ
ںƵԪӿϸֳһȦһȦĹââ֮£ͬһĶԴ˽ֵ⡣
ͬʱ೽ֱ׹ȥȻѭߣ
أҵģҪأʹҵͬ⣿ųϵֳ֮һƬ⣬ôۣȴáɱ󡱣Խ˵ء
೽пֻţ̧֣˵Ҫɱˣ˭ҲӲˣ
䣬ɱƿϮȴϢ֮Уˣ
͵ת棬˵ʵղ˵ĻרΪ˵ġϸտڣǸ೽һĿ磬ֱײ棡


964 װ
ó־֮ʱ֣һù֣ʮͣԲߣôҲмֵɣ
ȷȷʵʵأҲ˳Ͼ೽ѹʱ¶ļְɫ
ô˻ᣬ֡
ϵãڵȥ
Сӵģʲôģֹһ䣬ӿ磬Цϣ㻹Ϊƾһ磬޵˲ɣ
Ҳ޵£նͷ­
˫۾綾һ㣬ųϣ˵ȻϲϷ˵ţһҧѪɽЩѪһѪӡ켴ѪӡգһȦȦѪ⣬ҫڰ˸֮ϡ
һϢĹѪӡɢѪ
ײ
£ϸоڰ˸УһɹһˮȻ˲һ£˲䣬˸ӾҪ
ô׾ͳ
һȣһ͵ȫͣˣֻȴΣˮɱϴɱ󡱵ιȦ¼ǧף
һ־ǲף˵ǰҲа𻵣˵ڡˮ𡱵ĥ֮£˸Ҳ𻵰֡
˰˸ӣáȴǶ˵ģǣȴ֮ʮɽһȻܽʱסˡ
֮ɫΪŨٿûȥĵؿĿԣƺ˵ţ棬һῴġ
Ϸ򲻻ģ˭ҲҪϷϷǰģֻ·һ˴̼Ŷ˺ʱˣǻҴţƲɣǵֶʹ󣬷Ǿ͵ſС棬ŵؽնɱɣ
˵˵Ŀ೽۾һתԥȡһһߣصĻʸҲǽ߾ȫһУǷŭѵĻʸǣУ巽ʢȴһʥּ
ʸǽʥּڿգһҧָʥּдѪ֣巽ڿУ䡱һ巽ʥּϸǳһӡ
ţʸһһּ֮⣬ͳϰ
ʱʥּһϹ⣬巽Ľ⽻ӳ϶ֱȥŹâ٣ϸоڴһĪҪ¹֮ʥּ
ָоͬʸ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ҫò
濴ʸǵֶΣ۾һͬĻе𣬵ͷϵƽҲڿգ̬֮ȴţɱɣɱźã
оԵģסϣ
ù죡ţȴǲɫȫһΣǹɹ֮УʧޣЦ˵ҷ㳼Ҿ͵һ
֮£Ϊ֮
ʸ˵ţɢһɷĻ֮Ҳɫâ֣
ϲΪ⣬˵ûмĸʵ۵ģּ⣬ҪдʥּϵģʸСɵĸ֣һûУ
ʸɫҪѿжѿٴκȵ֮ŭΪ֮ŭ
˫һݣֱʩչһ磬ʸǣʸǿǼǰʩչôٵģһԡ
ŭŭ㻹ʲô㣿ʸСĪҪװƣװƱ˵ţߡһʩչ̽־ֱʸץȥ
ʸԡ೽Ƕǳ϶֣ʸǸӲǣʸҲ֪֮ԥ׳巽ȣ
ʱʥּ巽ȫѳɽ֮⣡
ͬʱҲ󺰳
ʱ䣬೽桢ߣǻʸԣ׳зҪ֮Ѻȳ֣ɫ˵ȻҪҾǱʹ죡ɱ󣬱
˵ҲףɱܲʥıըܣܳסǡɱҲػ٣Գ˵ôûô󷢻ӳá
ϺȥĻɫ䣬ûϵó˹ϣ
ˡ
ɱҲˡ
¡ըĴذ㣬ʱ⿴ʮɽܷʮɽڲ
棬ֱȥ
ʸͻ˹֮Уģд֣
һϣ
೽ҲڽʩչֶΣصܣ
ȴǴУƣȴץ֮ʱ


965 ҵģ
Ϊ˵İΣ罫ļסȫϣ
ʱϴŵɢš֮ıըУľֻǻԪָķгǿ壡
ϵڽȵ֮ʱѾһȻأȴ˳ϣֻϲûбֳըڳϣȻԪҺķȦǿϻǸоʹϾһըʥ͡ɱͬʱը
ʹɳ˿ںᣬԽЩץסһԱںľƣ
ȻʮɽǽһֱռϷ磬ԵģǳЩأǶпܻᵼٲ֮صĺ
ʮɽжٵƣǳ˵֮⣬˿֪ҪĵԸϣͬ˿֪
ģˮͣʹ
ɢŻ֮赲סϵǺ೽ڳҲ˳ʸҲûӵù
Ϊϵ͵Ļʸûбܡ
ⶼΪǵķ̫ǿһСġǰϣϸоʥҪǿϢ
ǸƷ׵ʥǳԽʥĴڣţѾɱӿڣڵΧ
Щʩ֮󣬳ϼԪڤ٣Ǵ˰˸һһһ㣬ǵΪ½š
˾ʧ룬Ȼϧ˵ˣȴǷãһ͸һ֣͸һ
ɱ󡱱ըһ̣סġȫҲܴ˴ޱȣֱʹŰ˸ɱȥ
һأ治ð˸ӲȴҪ֮ң
Хڱ¡𣬳̧ͷ棬ȵϣʶʶϷ似һɽӣ
Уɳһ̩ɽѹ֮ƣѹ
Ȼ˵ֻʹ似ǣһʽɽӡ棬ɽ֮⣬̺ҵĻ֮
Ͽѹ£ξȻδƺڵӣϣﻹ˵ǳ൱
ϽͶϷһȫʬϲ¶֮ݣţǱΪ䡱ӣţϵȭͷӲҲ䲻ӣղŵһĻĻѾ֤ʵˣһΣǴҲͲᷢˣ͸µľ档
ˣû˵㲻˵˸Ӳϴ˵ģͬʱը֮ǿҲû˰˸ӷֺţʲôʲôԴӲȣؽĽ壬ȴǸպúʣ
üëһݣȻǲܣҲûйͼ֮ǰĿ೽ʩչɽʱһģһ˵ϷɽӿɲǵɽȻ˿Ϸ㣬÷ѹ尾
滰δ£α𣬺ȵҵʦֵܣȫŬȴҪɱңҪѹңɱʲôѹң
Уϵ˫֣ȴץסӣ
ЦʹҲٲӣԣ㻹ǹԹԵء
ҵģΪʲôҪٻ
ϴĻ⻰˲ˣ켴׳ϵ˼Цƾ㣬ϷӣǸʵ𣿡
ɽӡ͵ر޴ܣųϼ󣬳ѹһһԪҺҲϲ棻ͬʱЯĻ֮úɵ
һֱȳϽѹ˶ʮʱǰѹ֮ƣŻ۾һУ֣ȻǷͬ죬ֻǣܽӵ˶ٸأ
˵꣬Ƶڶķ
ɽδסķȴƶ
ڶײŵڶӵıƽϸоǹɽ֮ԽŨơо̤֮
һӵ⻹δڶϮһʱ䣬൱أ
Ȼ⻹ϳ͵ģֻڿգǳ
ǳ
Բ֪ˣ漥Цһ䣬ȵ£
ĸӾɱڣȻ滹ûס֣Ȼʹһһɱһô˽Ͼɱ˼
ֵһһϵ˵ĿȴǸ˵ʸС㡮һã


966 Ǵ˿̣ƿշ
Ϯ߸ֻһ
ûʸѪʱ͸оڻʹԾȻѾʸǴ˴һͲǷƷ
ңʸҲصüΪ֮涼õ˿Ϣ
ڣʸǳŭرǿʸԱסʱŭﵽ˼㣬Ժֻһ뷨ϣҪɱ㣬һҪɱˡ
֮ʱʸ˳˵Ǿ仰
أʸǱˣ泼ӣ֮ܽģҪ裬裡д͵رɽ⣡
ʸϥĿռҲ˽ӲӣǹϤĻϢٴκƵֻǰļһεĻϢرŨ֡޾족ĸо
ϢԶӶһݣǵɫ䣬۾ֱֱǽ⣬ȫ߸ˡ
ֻǣʹ֮־γ֮ĳ˵Ϣܴڽͣ˵֪ʸСʲôưɵһ㣬ʱ̣Ȼӣá
߸ӣȻײ˽
⣬ϱоӣ·ʸѪȵն
⸡ֳһѽ𵶣֮պգնͷ֮ƣȴͻʧһЦйƬʱꡱı֮ƣ羵ѣ
ν⣬ʸС㶮ʲôΪУʵ̫ϧˣ˵ţ͵α𣬽赲˳ϵĽŲϻһץȴץסǰʧĽ𵶣켴һþ顣
ʱͻб֣ʳָָգһУּеá죬һѽ𵶱ѣ󣬳һǰ˫絶նڶЦնˣ
ƬƬ飬ʸǿѪѣԼڵĹݡδϾ·ֻܳ²ߡ
شʸȴûоʹסֻ֣дʣǷŴšԽԽ󣬻ʸǻĲԽԽң
֮ҪѪҪ
ôķϻ
϶ȻǿֱײԽԽġ
顱һҡΣҲһ𣬱бգǡɽӡ֮ײһײֱáı󲿷֣ײȥһ룡
ײ˲䣬롰ţԵľֹ
ϼһǴ˿̣
δ£ƮӰȻϷָһ̽㽫𣬶ԪҺӹƳµӡѸײڶ֮ƣӽ˴ָ
״ɫѿһʱȴ벻õİ취Ͻ֮ӵĴ󲿷ܣʹƳӡʱްͣ
ʸǵԺδ𺣬ϷܽȫڴˣֻϧϷļ÷ȫֻӳȥȴղ
ϸ˵һӣķ֮ײĲֱֲӱײûˣԭǰСҲײС֮һ
ʸҲײ˸һ£ǽʸײˣпӣӣѵ޵Ҫ
ˣײ
ȴưһ·
ײѾȫΣֻԭһСʸŨĲģʮɽĿģһûдﵽʸûеõһĽʥĵãûбסҪһ򾡣ȴ˲أҪɱϣȴޱǿƵػţ
ʸųϣĲʹȥǣò뿪ӣƴȥӣѾײɢ˼ܣѪ֮УҲúƹ룻ƴȥֻ¾ǻҷ
ϣҪﾡҾ壡

һҽУʸǲĵĹֽУڲҽУڵھŸӾҪϮ֮ʱͻؼСȭͷС󣬽һǣʧǰʧƬռ
ƿշ
ʸôƿշ
һ·ʧ𾪣ȳϸ
һתȴûʸǣĿһӾͶסϵĵЦӣͽˣҪһ㣡


967 ѭ
˿̣뷨ıʧ
˿̣೽桢ߡʸ˵ΪѾ𾳣Ԫڤɢֲƣ
˿̣ڿϷʸǡɱѽѷ֣벶ȸںţоԽԽãʱ޾Ͳ÷Ѱܽһˡ
ȴϣΪĻʸǣȻͻʧˣʧǰͻأԺظͷûвȸô죿֡
ǡʱǾ仰ѣ
ײ׷ɱϵӣɫ䣬ӵΣѲ˵ʥǿȴȲϻʸǵ
ײǷģοӣԥأһֱͷǧ𣬼ǧãΪ־طƣɱǿ
ǧֻһĿ꣬Ǿǳϡ
ȴǲܲˣֱӭżȥ𣬼ײԪҺĻԪָȦϣȻȫȥ
ͷΰѣʮǰ߼γɵһģһİɫ⵰ֱϮϣͬʱ˲ƿȥ
˲֮٣ϵġߡȻã
˫һݣȴ̽ǰɫ⵰ץȥ˲еĵ𿴵״ɫ䣬ȻȻ֣ץסˡŭŭΪβѵҫǹʹâԭ򣿡
ͬʱʵЩ⵰ʲô
ţȴתŭȥ˵ΪķϣЩ͸ˣɾԲܿһҪ£
顭
첻ʮšŭȫ棬ɲһȥץһӺǰ̺Ź֮Ļ棬ܣٻɱڣ
ŭδײ㱬ըըֱɻ棬һһϮ棬ײǸʱȴǵʱ
治ˣȴһ˿԰ףȻǿǿûȫԭʹҪķѵҲԽࣻĨ԰ת˲֮ͻ˺
׷ŵܣȴٶȣ޼׷֮ϣҲβ׷ɱųϣϿӣţ׷ȥɲ̫ãƣİ֣ʱܹӿе֪ȫȥûС
ͬʱҲڴΪţƴɱ˶ʱ䣬ǴԲҲӦĴŶԣû̷һҩȴûһƣ֮ɫҲǳ治ѣѵھҪǰһŵĵƿ
ɻģ棬ԳϵɻԲ˵ĿǰΪֹչֳҲɻͬʣôǿôҪȥЩСֶΣֱɱǸãǵСԸʹȻԭɣ
Ȼɻأȴһֱųϣһεȴᣬʩչһ
Ⲣģ֮Ӧø죬ɡߡȴҲûкٶȸ죿˲ƼʮΣȴδ׷ϵĳϣһ֮ҪҪһԴסȻһУӰȽϴ
Ҫ¶֮ʱԺȴһ⣬˼֮ʱӰʮѭȻ˴仯Ϊһ·ǡ
ȫҲѭ
ţϱԪҺڶʮž棬һһѭתʮһ˲ơ
һأȴ˲Ƶ˵ǰ棡
ڿҪҪƳһŵƵĵ𾪾ףʶȴǰֲһתӣٴ˲һ򣬳˵Ҫܣ
ѭ˲ƣٴڵǰгȣ
ȵаַӦȻ£
֮ΣɣɵķϮķ
ɵһ̣֪һȣǰ㣬ϷȥӣȴײӰָ̽£
ҲųҪûпȥ𣬵ȥ
ޱȵؿųٴоԼڵѪȻ֪˸򵥣ķô£һɽôõǡ򵥡ݡ
ǶԴˣֻΣ
ס˳óȡʱ򣬼һ
ڳϽװöָʱԶ˵ŭɽ
һߣʸǳڽϿգ


968 ͺװ
ʸ˰ܹ飬һϢӵһҲǻʸǵ֮ȴôɴӦʮɽԭơ
һĨâҪʹ֮С
ʱʹ֮࣬ƿշѭʮɽ꣬Ҳ˲Ϣѣǰ֮룬ʵ㲻ʲô
ȻڰٳʱһɺɫȦƱֹ
ʸǴ󾪣֧ŵϢأʸ˳ϣ֮ǰ˵Ļڶߡ
泼ӣ㾹ȻмҲܻأҪ壬֮أʬǣʸǴţŽʧŽ֮裬ģһѪûµóֱӵػˡ
ʵϲµġ󡱣̫ǿֻǰʹĻ󣬷˲٣һ棬Ҳȱײѭ̫󣬻ʸˣܸ֧֣ûƵá󡱷
ͣڻʹϿգʮŸʱޣԽԽʸȴ֪ʱ
ٻصʮɽŵһɽһ¡죬ڵɽռ䣬ʱɽѣʯ䣬ɽвų棬Ҳ˺Ƭռ䣡
ʯգһʱҪȥȻĿǰ⡰ɽ֮ܽΣǣ˵ͼҪͳһɱˡ
ϾǴܵĻأܼǧţǺˣ˭֪ʲôĳƣȻȴǲĴڡ
ԣһлСΪ
ͬʱлţϻûгȥͼҪ֣ʲô֧֮£ϷǰӦȽնˡ
ţĶߴһ棬ߣ
ȥȥ˼άҲ֪仰ģǸˣϷߣ㻹סɣ
ǿɲһ
£һ磬ͺبǰ֣ΧľʯУɻҽ
漱תзߺ޲ѣҪϷ򽫻֮򵽷پľ磬СС磿зߺޣҲŭСһף
һף
֪ʣ֪˵Ǻɽս֮УҪҲҪɱ£ųһʣ֣Χ
СͲµնɱ棿ûлش⣬ȴЦ棬ͺװɣһҲҵˣ
ԣ
Ծԣ
һ̤ȥһ̤̤ĸĵشƺơȭ£ͫһʹȥ죬ϱȥҲ˳
ȻǿûдһѺۣҲ˳ϵ֮߳ȭ֮µ֮ҲǲСԣˡ
治׳ڹսеʲôõڵһν֣˺üţҪⳡϵĻɱǣ׼ɱ
ʵȴ̫пᡣ
һ˦ͷȵûõģȭͷҲ
һЦ˵ȴٴλ
ֱˣûվӣִŵӰٴλ
ΡΡʮΡ
ԽԽľһȭһȭǿӿڵԽԽ࣬˵ԽԽԶľȴΪţϾԲù֪ȭͷȴʩչִҷعҪ˵ûĿģš
ѾǵʮȭˡɽƲûмԽԽǿһƬʮɽһĲ룬ȥˣ׼һ֮䣬Ƴһ·ȥ
Ǻ˵㰮棬ʹɣϷ򲻷ˡ
£ʩչ֮֮䣬ȴǳһʹɨȥһʹȴȻ󾪡
ΪоʹǰѶˣˡ
棬ˣ
һʣԺһ磬ֱޱȣžʧ˵㣬ղţƳϷӡ
Цſ佱
һγɵĻҲһҪɢ㣬ϻ˵ԣϷ򣬻ǹԹɣû뿪ÿ
һ£磬Ȼ϶Ϊһʧ


969 ԼĻ
ϵȭͷƲһȭһȭȴϵӡ඼ƻ÷ӡ£ڱôһƣѡ
з֮ĻҲ϶Ϊһʧøɸɾ
ǰĻ棬𾪳ϵֶΣ֮ʱһ̤˽ֱ̤ߣȫ浱һ㣬̽ץ
ŭˣ汻ϵӣѪǣճһỊ̃һĨ泹׵ؼŭˣ
϶ʱƣСƣóı󣬾ƫıߣڣľǣóϽһߣϣʥ֮ǿϣ
Ŵˣץס˲ӿŨĻ֮֮Ҫеһдڶ涢ųϣ˵ϷţƾһܽϷ˵
֣
û˵ֻǼ̵³֡
ϷĻ֮ľ͹ϷţϷҪ㣡Ҳǲܣֻйеķ߿Ҫ֤￴˭Ц
֣û𣿡
𣬸Ϸȼ
£һ棬Ѹȼڳϣֻɲ֮䣬Ͼͱڹ֮У۾ݶ֮⣬³һھѪǹȻ󾳣콵ľʯ飬׹У˻
ҪϷͳȫ㣬ȺţھѪϣһ˿΢ӡڰ
ƿϮϣƴֱΧ綼˺ߣҪ
Ľû꣬ڼڰ֮һŻ𣬽֮ײϵţ
ҹ治ɫֱ֮ڣһ·ػ뺮ĿУúɵ
ͬʱ˫ֱƥڰǰתȻı˷ųϻת
˫ٸ죬ǰȴǸֳۣ֮ӿȻ
ת֮䣬滯Żײۣ֮һֱӱײúǻ滹͸ֱۣ֮Ϯء
΢㶣˲֮Ѫ𣬸ջֻǳ֮֮Ҳ̺ŻĻ֮Ӱ쵽ۣ֮ŵܴϮء
ȴǴϲȵϣϷ㻹οУٴϮضȥΪͣǿҲоʹ
ȻҲʹѣȫ˼˸
ϵעǸϣµӡϾҪɾĴϮض֮ʱһȣȴӡȫĨȥƺ֮Ҳںڰת֮УΡ
ţϽ봢ָóϵĴָƷʼߣݵ¡
ǡڴʱϮ̽һץֱץΣʱűΣ¶ץסģպĲӣ
ʦӣĹ򣬹ҡ
ϵ˵ȴǾԼĿǰľƣŽߵһлˡ
ٲңȻͶҵΪΪԶסϼ˵ţȴһһ壬ںڰתоڵ쳣оתʽʹţƺ

תɢ֮Уֱƣһ룬澪֮ʱ˵ֻܡ
£ɭȻڵѪ⣬ʴһ룬澪ͬʱҲ׳ڹսõ㾪ס
ϻ˵ţȻϲҾԼĻ֮οʦ֮飡
켴ϽӿڣסĴССоȫеëͨȫն
ƽѹڵĹ֮
ޱȾˣشţϷǻ֮һл𣬶ҪϷϷڻ𣡡
Ĳ̫ãѵˣ֮𣿻Уƾǰӻ֮򣬵֮𣿡˵
ɫ࣬ת˲ȴɢɫ죬뺿ҽȻȴǺΪѽ
ڻ棬ԽԽŨѹס֮͵رӲˣʼˡ
ۿ־壬־֮Уȴһݺ


970 콣
մȥҪԼΪĻ֮ˣһԱԪȴΪȴᾡʧ
ڴ֮ǰûԼᱻħӱƵһڣôûնɱϣҪǵһγأֱȡ˳ͷ­ɻĽ졣
кڣΪٰ㲻ԸʹططһʩչԪ˱Ϊͣ˱Ȼˣͨ죻Ƭص۷壬ӵǧ׹ɷˣеľ޴ǿܲ
ȴûиõİ취ӳϵóʲôջ󣬶ջ˳ϣô󣬳ҲŹ
ԣģֻʩչطһ·
ƾϷ⣬ǳ˷ˣǿߣҲò˶ʱ䡣Ҳһˣһ£һ£ʩչطԱԪˡ
ӽʥԪ˵Ա֮󣻳ץס֣ܾ͵رըؿشӸǱը˳Ѫ
ܵ磬Ҳը飡
棬ʱռЩȫǻ֮ľɱǿ˿ˣȴڿ֮У磬ҪЩ֮úɡ
ԪԱӰһʮֲĵ棬ŭţӱ𣬰겻Сţһ죬ϷȡͷƵԱԪˣ
ϹԳϷ򣿡һɨȫϯջѾ˿೽ΪԪڤ٣һԾߡѭֱ׷ȥ˵棬εºܣԳƾӣ㲻Ǿӣа֮ΪҽŹҪѣҿҪǴˣ
ӰȻȥನɨ˵ᣬۿ䣬ҧ˵ҪҪһţ
˵ţȡһ֮Ծնȥ
ʮɽһѾĿȫǣɽɽ濴ڰԪԱ֮󣬻ٶȣ׷ɱľˡ
ΪѾǷˣһССʿܹȡңʱľ֮٣ԱԪ˻õģû֧֣ٶҲԽԽϵٶȣȴӷ

־ؽк
ޱ飬֣ۿҪץסһ콣ͻϮֱն֣֮˫âоϤϢڶǽն̫ϳʩչǵնâЩƣͬһԴ
ͬǣǵǿʢǧ򱶣
ʵڶǿ˰ٱĳϣ֮ͬУûâŨս⣬ӿԪҺڼն£

ƹ
콣ɢеҲˣɷĩ
ųϾεսȹΣػһһεɹ֮£ɵʥҲ֮ܽΣ
콣֮£Ȼնˣ
ؿڵۣ֮Ҳһƣۣ֮һӲĲλ
Ȼϵǿϣûһ˿ۼʮֵˣѵõ˵ۣ֮ǺεȽҲѾáݵˣĶȻˣܣ̫򵥣
ų뾪콣սʱһֻƾճ֣һץץʮɽ϶ʱӣ˲ƶȥȣ˭ʲôƣ죬ɱ棡
Ȼ׹أһ׹ǧס
ץסĴ֣Ҳǿޱȣ
ӣд֣о콣ʵ֮ǿʲôĿģɻ󣬾Ϣ֮󣬳ϻһۿҪϮ棬ס֣ȴͻعâһʧˡ
켴ͣڹâ֮ǵʮɽܴɣ
ѹԪҺۼڣġȭȥ
˾£ƣҲɽҡػɡ
ǣȥĽȴǱˣȭܣȫϣϰֳҲޣްָķ˫ֺڰתת䡣
ʲô󣿡
洫ϣö͵Ĺã󣬶֮ܽڹߣ
󣿡


971 ӿɽ
󣿡
ʱ䣬ɳ󼰵ĸ߶ȣŻѪ˺ѷΣ㶼˴󣡡˷ܣҲš
ϳ˼ûóȻֻֽ֣ڵΣ˵ţҲаʱˣٵ£޾ͻһľϲ׼˽ǧĶҪɹˣʱʲôʲô磬жôôشҲֻбԵķݣ
˵øˣȴͻʵǶŵ󣿡
޾׹Ц˵ڴܵļҲûо˵пǼǰеģҲпǼʮǰǰĹ˵Ųţ
ǰĹûа𻵣ܱԭܣ
һͣ仰պ˵ʹŴſȴ˵ֻܷǧ֮һܣҲܽ㵲棬ֺ
𣿡
ϻ㻹ΪԼܣ𣿡
һ

Ц޾㣬ô˴˹󣡡
˴Σ
Ҫ˴ޡһ֪˵Щʲôȴ˵͹£ͷٸң㾿ҪʲôʵĿĺڣ
¹򣿿ͷ۾ȴ˵ҪƲأ
Ը
ͳޣΪ
ʹ˵ã
ãҲ˵ųƵ󣬲󣬻󣬴˹ɲ֮ǰǸ˻޼󣬲ҹѾ
Цţ˫ȥǹһΰĹƷƵģųϵĶϵľֹȴԺˡ
һ£󣬲ܹͿת𣿡
ɵҲףûҲֻ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮǱԼղŵһɵˡ޷̵˵
Ǿˡ
һ֮£ԪҺת˫֮âһȴǹӴṩĸ۴˲ִûɹͱϸڣԪҺͬΪԪҺһ֡
֮٣ԽԽ죬˫ִâ֣˳ڡ
֮ǿ֪μϵɣȴ䲻ˣܷɣˣֻнԴԴϵӿϣ
ڸо˲Ծ˹ڼʧһ󾪻֮󣬵ȴЦϣʲôˣ뽫ɸɾùˣ
ӿɽ̣
ϣ֪Ϊṩģʲô𣿲һԪʯһʮɽΪԼܽʮɽ̲ص𣿾ܣ壬ֳܵ𣿷¶иȣǸȣͻԼɵˡ
ûлشбδڣвһûԪҺҪɹʮɽ治˵ܣҲȥ̡
ڣ϶ԵĻشǣӿٶȣӷɣ
ſһϷſ̵ԼԱûʱ䣬͸оʧ̶ȣȾ̺ˮҪͣݡ
ת֮䣬ȥ
ϵûаֱ仯ɵٶȣһֱڼӿ죬δֺϵȴҵĲˣɵƷԪʯ֮ĻԳ֮࣬˶ôյˣ
һܹȥʮɽʼѷ죬деĲľҲʼڿήʮɽʯ鿪ĭ
üͷȥǲС۾һתо⣬£˵еľ綾֮ԽԽãȫŽУʲôӣ
Ƭ֮󣬳ϳֹ飬ЦҲһ
ˮţɫѿ˼֣Ϊǽеľ綾֮ȫŽУó˸ɸɾ
ϣĻ棬ȴûзûѪûжأϻǺõòٺãңоŵٶȣʮֹϵʲôĹôĶ
һոһգʮɽԽԽأʮɽ޵ȣҲ𲻰ڵڶʮһʱеڣͻһݣ켴ųϲɫ
ȴǳϸоԼΪҪͻˣ
ͬʱװźڵĴָͻϾϲѵڵҪˣ


972 𾳣ţ
ڵǰģûаֳļ
ϴβǸоҪ㲻ҵİɣ˵ţڵȴǷɵ˳˫֮䣬תڵһתӿʱʮ
ʮɽڸ
ϼ״һЦҲȥڵΪΪͻ׼ȻϸоΪͻƵļ󣬵ϲûȥͻƣѹΪҪ
һѹƣ죡
֮󣬳ϸоѹѾ˼ޣѹȥͻỵ¶ϵѹΪһſɢĸ߽Ϣ˲ɴԲ۵Ϣް谭
ɴԲ֮󣬳ϲûͣ£𾳽ȥǰһûᣬܽȡƬʮɽֻɲܴҪǴˣǿҵ
Ҫ֮ɵͣڵƱһ㣻ʮɽеɽ壬Ѿˣ˻Уľݻơ
ȴʮɽѰųϵټ
֮Уǲôܸоʱţڹ֮УԵ˵ȫһʹļ尾ÿһÿһ붼ǣţ尾֮У
ùûǺ𲻸ȥ¹򡢿ͷ۶ôشۣü֮ɫתͷһˣһˣҪʱ䣬ȫɹ
Ӧÿˡ
޲ҪӦ֣Ҫһǳɹ
ǣ𣡡
Уϣ޵Ĵ𸴣˵ţҪ޻дãţҪս޵ļޣ򣬱޶㲻ϣڵＫ֮ǰܽϸˣҪȻ
ǣ𣡡
ӻ֣ųϵΪ仯˵һϣȻҽ޵ĹͻΪ㱾㹻ˣҪΪٴ˵вҲԽ󣡡
˵ţͻֳһѽ͸ΣյϢѾնȥһʣؼʱնȥ㲻ܽնҲܽնˣ
伫ˡ
⣬ſڵϵ棬ںһ㣬һϷֻ޲Ӯңʤߣˣȫӣ
ţ˵棬װˣѾˣ޾㣬Ӧôлޣ
һ԰ף۾ȫĺ⣬ӦʮɽΪžԵģӮңȴûϵʱڱ˵Ľ£ҧ޵Ҫʲô
ҪʲôӦú˵Ľʥĵáʱңҵʥը˳ʥɲôöԸġ
⻰Եĺ⣬ɲʱŨˣȴҧ޵ɱ˳ϣϷ꣬Ϸͽʥĵá
Ը˵Цݹ죬˰ȥ
ˣϷҪų
һ˼˵ͷϣнʱͷų콣һҹ
ҹʮɽıԽԽңסطҲʼѾ콫ݣĥòˣֻʣһ
ڵͨյȫۼ켴ȥҲһ̣ͻնɲʱ콣͸նϡ
͵شޱȣ˿̿ȫڳ𾳣ֲԸǣϲȥ𾳡
ڳ׼֮ʱڵȴǸ콣ײȥ
СڣСģ
ѿڶоڵݹ⣬ͷһڵײ˵һ콣콣һײûڵ֮ƣţڶ콣ϮڵûӲȴž콣
ɵۣôҲûϵ·ɱһҧ𣬡ǸʲôڣȻܹӲһ
ϣѾǲݣɢϢ
Ϊڵĳϣûȥоľ磬ҲûȥоԪҺƺǰ˲ֻͬٶȡӿȵСڣ
ڵϷǰʱͻʧ콣նϣԡڼն˲ʽڼ뽣ײһ
˲䣬ѣնڳؿڣƵۣ֮ȫ飬ٲ棡
˿Ӱ졣
ˣޱȣȴûãɥ䣬ﴫ֣ţһ飬̧ͷȥ˫֮ù⻪
أһꡱѷ֣


973 ̵ʲô
һѷ죬ƹ֣
ֱبڵǰĿģ
ʧ񣬴ˣ˵ƹǼпܵ£뵽ͻشѻе֮ṩǼӽʱ䣬һҪڹ֮ǰɹ
棬е˶æµ
ɻţǸֶˣɳôô˵ôͳļޣҲܲˣҲǸȣƫƫˣ޵ǰͻˣ
ȷʵ˶ȣ
ǣ֮ıַʽǱȴԪҺƷٴճ̶ȣŨԪҺȻתٶȣû˿ΪԪҺУٶҲٴ
ĳϣԪҺƷٴٶ;ʮ౶ǺڵٶȣҲһ̨ס
ʮɽһˮأ֮ǰֻһ棬涼̣ڳȫӿڵ
Ŵˣʮɽʼˣɽʧѷһһس֣״ӵǰ棬֮Ҫһ򾡵ααǣѾռϷ磬Ǵʮɽﱼڳޣһǧ޻һ𣬲ңһǧ޹֮ˣҲȫ֮˹ȥ
ʮɽ﾿жޣ׼ȷ֣ɶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣųȺֻӴȺ治ʮޣʮһ׵ģʮ׵ĶС
ȿֲѾЩαα赲סǸͲó֣Ⱥı֮£˳ȥ
ѩȻʮɽ۵ǣ֪⣬˵ѩȻӻûµģһܻҵǡ
𣿡
ԴˣҴδɹ
彫ѩȻյýѩȻ԰桢ʡ˾ͽˣҲӵؿʮɽ
ʮɽΣգҲûȥڵȴţѰţ
֮Уѷǧݺأͬڵϣ֮ɫŨɸŨԹޣţǳŲ˶ˡ
켴һתȥ
źڵиʣղŵһСǽײɢˣǽˣ˵ĻСڵǿ󣬱һ
ڵѷ죬ϱڴСڻ᲻˳ƴѷʧˣΪѷ֮£ʧˡ
ɲ֪¡
һ죬ˣҲǻһ飬ĲǹҪˣоɵģƺ⣬Ǹһĸо
˸о֣ɵļȴԼǿɽھŲҲӣ
⡭ʲô
ϱۣ˼ָоʮ죡
ʮ֮󣬳ۣһ˲䣬žˣĽȵҲˣһȺ˵ӰڳΧվһӱߣţʲôҲΨһû𻵵Ĵڣ
ţ죬ϽϽš
ϣϾҪɹˡޱ߷ˣּĽкš
ϱҪȥϸϸı仯ȴڵһ㣬Ǹȥȥڵȥ
ڵ˳ӡ
ҲʱﴫһɺƴΣյϢϢóһԱȣˣˣصԶʥޣڽɹˡ

Цųϣ˵ϣˣ˹ûˣʲôûˣ㣬ɣ
£һޣӳԾӰ֣Ϊ͵ģֱſ˵ϣȫɪɪҪǵһ໤ֻˡ
϶ۿȥһۿıͷͷжǣţʨëɫֻȴоֹ֮Ϊشһ𣬻ɢűŰϢϢ˸оҪϢ
෣ɱ
ȴǶŹ޷෵Զʥޣųϣǻ׹⣬Ƽǣ˷
Ҫ֮ʱ·仯ֻдڣһգۼ䣬ȫʧֻʣһֻڵͻӿǿҸоڵҪˡ
Ҫˣ
ȭҪ߾ȫػڵĽ٣
ʱڵͻرâֹâɫԪҺɫһЩֻԪҺɫڵͷųĹâȴǾɫ
ȻϺڰף
ƾһĹâֳҽУȴǵϹˣϹ֮˵Ϊͣ͵ĶǸ߽ۣĸ߽ۣ
ߵģǸ߽
Ǳػס棬˫ֱѪϹ
ֻµˣķ۾ûϹɼҲȥǹâ
ΨһֱӶӾɫâģֻгһ˶ѡ
ϵĶһ
ڵˣ


974 ʮצ

ǰ࣬ǿڳ𵴳һȦȦϲòƣ۾ںһľɫâһѪ֮ͨУôǿңôŨ
ϵ𣬾ɫâԽԽŨҴۣ֮ˣƣĲҽԲͣ𣬾ǱҪ븹෣ҲֹͣжǾɫâͫŨ׹⣬ҪԳʱ׹ʢȻ˵ڵǱȳϸʸ۵򣬸ζɿڵĴڣ
ͬǣ׹֮У˿˿η壡
ʮɽ飬֮ϵĽֱڸմصչâȴƫƫֲɫâķ䷶Χ
Ͽ÷ɹâ˲кҪӴɫâ֮ʱͻһԶԶض㿪ˣ
㿪ˣ
ˣ
ͷֱӾڳϵԺϾ֣֮ⶼ֮Ĵڣڵһڣ
ڵֿųӣɻ󣬡Ǵӳģڵ˳Ķ˽ٵһң֮ǰڵӵٶȣǼУ
ϵʣûд𰸣ֻеźڵܹ
ڵƿǣ˰ʱ
˿̵ľɫâ貵˼£һƬؼйâʥ֮⣬ǽ֮⣬ȫȻʧɫϿһ״رƵĴڳھɫâ֮У
ϣҲʾɫ
ɢױȵʥϢ
ȫож೤ʮɳɡǧɡɣ
ƣȳѪǿ˼ֱ򱶣ñө̫֮֮ҲоƣӴһ
Щʲôƾźڵδܽйܽ¾콣ܹҵЩĵرĴڣԴڳϿڵӵЩĺ
óϾȵǣСڸµצצצҲǴ˵ڵצʥǾצʮצ
ʮצʲô
Ѿȫ˳ϵʶ
ǣ֪ʮצǾ춯صĴڣСڵô򵥣СڣСڵĵǺεȴڣ
⣬Сڵϣɢһɳ൱Ϥ൱̵Ϣǹ⣬о⣬Ժе˼鲻Խ뵽˵ڶǣ֮ۡԪѪѪѪɢ⣬ϴ˿о⣬һ޶
һ˲䣬϶㱣Ѫһ㣡
Сڶ˶ӣųһЦǳǳԻһЦϵĴǣһ仰СھСڣ
һЦ֮Сڵͷ˵ǣ
ŵС̳ԣʮצ㣬Ҳʧ˾ֻʣצ
⣬ԺֱӸһ仰ϻаٱ䡷Ϊһ뵽аٱ䡷뵽ԼѾ𣬰աаٱ䡷ԣܹԽɢϢ񡱵һ£˵ĪɢʥϢ
⣬Щţ
ϻǲʩչˡаٱ䡷ȻɢԲ𾳽ΪʥϢȫɢˮբһ㣬Ծ֮
ûоɥаٱ䡷Ժ󣬼СڣСڵҲֱ۷Ӧ̫ҲңȫȫһС
ʱɫâȫھ۵Сڵ
ɫâʧСȫƿǶ
һӰأСھ͵˳ǰǰֻצݸһƬϿȥǺڵĵǣ켴ʶһ仰Ƭ֮ǰǰľ콣ƲҲԽؽʱؽᱶ
ɵסˣ̫ˣΪƬǿΪ֣
ֵǣֻʶϻֵ˸׵ĸоϸţСڣĵ
ǰǵѪҳģҪǵҺôѪֻԶҲСںȻ˵ֻ
ϵûע⣬ȻǻûдӡлعСôһ˵ҲЩͻأʵˣСڣеĻŮģ˵ǹģĸģ
˼ǡ
С˵ţǱִľצʥ찡ǰǿŵȻצʥֲܵס޵ľ콣
켴ֿЦ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣צʥצʥѪ޾ӣ޵Ϊʥٲʲô
Цţͻȵ෣죬˳ϣٰ޽צʥ£죡


975 һצһģ
ĿСֹͣϽ̸ͷһأһХ
ʱһ͸˵൱׵ķֱӴ˵𱾾Ͳÿɫ˲԰ףһѪȻ顱һڵأ
ȻֻԵһˣǣԱߵˣҲܵ˲Ѫ
ֻһڴˡ
״ϲ֮ɫԾȻϣСڵǿƺģΪǿ󣻲ϵüëȻΪʱСǰ˵˵ʽСġ
ǾʧȫǷŭ֮ɫδӵ𣬵ŭССצʥ޵ǰţ෣㣬Ʒצʥ
ȴһδղǴĶҲ۾Ŀ־壬֮ǰŨ˺ü֡
ûУͷˣȵ׶ޣ⵽ô¶Ϊʲô޵ǲǶֽš
£׶򲻸ңݼأµѪ֮෾ֻͨһ׶æ˵
Ϊʲô޵ΪʲôȥץצʥΪʲôȥ˳ϣ
Ҳĳڳ⣬Ҳǡ׶Ļû˵꣬СڸϴһϢҾȥֻ£Ѫ⡣
о֣ƲţԼܹնɱ෣ҲҪĴۣСڣȴ෣֮Ϊ档
Сһ̤̤ȥ
ڿ̤һͷһХֱƿգХ෻ɢս⣬۾ﻹṴ֮̃⣬ҪСڸ̳Ե
𡪡
ХδֹͣСڱ
෵ХϣȻֹ෵ӣ˳һ
׶˶һĻĿ︡ǲţ׶֮ǰĻ˵Ҳ෸оצʥΣգս֮ԣû
һԣܣܣԶʥޣ޻˽ǧʱ䣬ģôһצʥв׶ƭޣƭޣ
׶ɫѿ֪λش
֮УС̤ɢϢӲңֱһ¹ȴ෣ϣɱɱǣϡ
ڵһһ֮У෶ϢǰС
ϼ⣬Ѿȷ෾СڵĶ֣޵ȼ൱ɭϣСС˵СϿСֻʱһǲ
ǰ෣ǴСϵǸλϡ
Сŭˣ෻ҷŭˣһǰһ㣬һ£ٶ֮Ѹ٣ˣ෱ƵҪӭսʱСڵǰѾ෵ͷϣ෽ʮɵӣݺݵشſڵϡ
С
׶ˣһ
ȴ翴׺˲ɣƵģ𾪾ǰʵܲǧ̺ѪСһƣ͸˳뿿෣һߵ磬뿿෣ҵ
Զ룬
ţֻצֻǸոճսģվվڵĺȺУ෻վһ⣬ֱϮСڣ෻ô˽ײȥ
ȭͷյýϣСڱ÷飬ϣֱӽСڸײ
Ȼڵ۾Ļ棬ȴСһڣЩȫڣСĥݣƺ˵šһ㡱㡣
෺ţСֻʮ֮࣬Сβһڣֱӱ෵ǿϣ෵ıʱһѪֻҲ޻һֻ
СռϷ磬෺޻֮С̤ȥ
ȴٷޱ侲һſڵϵ棬ȵ׶ȥϣֻҪӦ޵ʥĵãʮ֮ڣɾʥ
׶Ӧһǡתߣûȥעȫ⺷Сϣ
ͬʱҵһ
Χĳǣûȥ߻ػʮɽˣЩҲ޴ȥСֻ޵֮£Ǹ
СȴǷٵĴ̶ġСţСӰʮɽȥ֥ɺ棬˾ͽס˾ͽȭͷѪ
ʱ涢ŻĿȫǵʮɽ˵һ䣺ʮɽǻˣˣˣɽ


976 Ѫǣ̣Ƭ
˵޺෣˿̣Сڲ̤ڵϣ
뷴𣬿Сǲʮ֮һСӣȴΡɽѹ෸Ͷã෵йǿХйȵȣС˵ȫȻã
໡ء
ෲҽƶХ°ȴ෷ݣֱӱСڰ˸ɾţСǰֻצץס෵ĳԾڿϣұצһһֻˡ
˺෵򣬾͸˸⣬Ѫһա
ȫȫŰɱ
ϼСɱɣвνԶʥޣڵħ޵Ƚףͽ׵ʮףޣǰߵȼ֣ʥšʡۡףǲǰȽףԶʥҲӦǺĴڰɣǰ෣ȫʵȻСҲ̫ǿһ㡣
ڳ֮ʱͻһŭ³˴ѪѪӿ֮Ʊȿ籩껹ͣңѪڿвδ£۳һģ
ڲ֮УıϵǴСȣ˺ֹǧ򱶣ôһѪǣڿգ
һݣ˫͸âѪ֮Уϸоֲܣ̺źƴͳϴʮɽеһƴ
սȭ͡ȭʱҲʱϽеĴɱУȫ׼ˣֻҪСһΣյļ󣬳ϾҪܲȥ
ʱϿСڵ죬΢΢ſЦˣ
켴Сצһ̽Ѫץס˵ʲôȫףˣΪ۾־Ũ£ϵѪܿƵӴӣҲѪĴţԽԽС
ҲˣС˵ǣǻ󣬸̱һ㣬ٱһ㣡ҲС仰෵ѪøˣҲԽԽ
仰ĳϣɷ˰ۣС˵ġ̡֣˵СڵԱ𣬲ζ˵̡ʱʮơ
һŮˣٸнһҸȻòƻее㱩
еѪǣԽԽԽԽŨ
Ҹˣȴʹൽ˼¡
Ѫǳֵһ˲䣬иֳϣǣСץסѪǵһ˲䣬ϣˣ˼⣬ǳצʥôܣ
ʱ׶˵ߣ˵£ͬˣ
ԣĲ԰ɫֳָɡ
׶˵˵µļƻɹʵʩҲܽնɱ

ɫȲơ
׶״Ͻ˵˵Ҫ׽ϣҪһóǼóϣԶʧڵµǰ
ʲô
˵һƬ
ƬʲôƬҲɻˣ˼ΣȻ־ϲ֮ɫһƵƬæ˵Ͽ϶˵Ƭ
óƬһڲͬϢɢ͵ػͷŵеƬһݣϽƬսָ±ᣬϣ
ü䣬һ˿ɻ󣬡ղǶѰǣкֶΣ
ϵľϲתΪ˲ȷ˵ţƬȻ򵥣ǣһƬܶԸ˳ϣһܽԶѹצʥ
Ͼû˵ҿϵ飬ʮֵİա׶˼ŻصϣֻҪܽϣҪʲô޶ܸʥĵãǴеܣ
׶ٴΰȥ
֮УֻвɴСˣǿž޴ѪǣѾСһֻצѹԽԽСǵ״ҲԲΣ
෣ޱٴκϳ֮ǰԱһشԱϵж
ȻûаԱƣ
С˵ţ̵У뱬ܱģ
ٴЦã
ǳϣСڣǵǣ֪СƿǶһ˲䣬ڼԶԶ֮صһڣһ붨Ľߣ͵۾Գ֮ɫʲôڽٵ½
켴ȡǣɢڵأ߱Ҫʲôɹصһ˲䣬ըѿֱӱ˷ĩ
ǾȻˣڵʲô͵ʮֱָͣѪ֮ʱ˵ڽңԶƫƧļ֮أ֮أ
߽֮ء˺ü飬ʮָٴ趯κǰƲ⣬Ǽ֮أӦһ߶ȹ٣죬֮ڣ˴ŶԣѾȥ˾꣬ûаϢѾڣϢ
֮ص׷ʲôҪúòһˣ


977 ı³



෱ˣ
ȴǱСڸˣ
Сڶ֮õĳϣҲ沿ʮֲس鶯Сڱй֮޲Ǵ˵еʤ
෵Ĳ״ϲ෸еʣԶʥޣ㲻ԶʥޣҲһ൱ǿĴڣرһѪǣ˵㡣
ϧǣײžɫʮצСڣСѹǧֶΣʩչ仯ˣ
ֻһѪɢҷ³
Сڽ෴ģǵõѾͬ⣬а취ϸ׽ϢӣȻסزˡ
ڲ֮ʣյСڣһͷŵһڣˣŵõڵأüȦ
ûͱסˡ
ʶСڵϲֹ˵𣬾ң㱻ˡ
ֹʲô
ûС񶨡
ûвŹ֣ɱˣѪͨġ

С¶ЦɵǰѪ۳ɵѪ򣬵ݸ˳ϣ˵һɱԱȼʮʥԱ
ȻСڵĽ̸ȫ֪ġ
෣һһתͷŵһһȥû˵һ仰ǹεѹѾõǿ־嵽㡣
棬ſڵϣûһòơˣ
֮ľԽԽţôûж֣ѲϺˣԽԽпܣΪϵŮ֮Ľ飬ɾԲһ㡣
ǡʱϵ棬һۿģݵСڣſڵò˵棬ûаֳɣֱȥ
ɫ䣬ں滹ʥĵãʥĵҪ˵ԺôֻĿǰ˵Ҫʥĵã㹻ˡ
ªϸһɱڵӣȻȥ棬˷ԸסŮˣס棡
벽ߣ
ɭȫӲ촽ֶɫ˵ϣΪʥʥĵã㲻õ
һЦû˵ֻ̤һ
ʱߣΪʧѳɷһϵķȻȴҪʩչɴ˿̵ǱϸסҶֺʧ
һͬ裬ֱӽ߷ɣһݺݴĺλãҲװȥҽгһ·ѵ˵һӣôҸôϪˮСűߣˮУкܶܶĵطµ㼣һ㶼𣿡
˱ơ
ЦЦȻûǣôܹǵˣÿһĻ˵ôĿ̹ģ谡

︡ϣҪʩչǧ飬ʹĻ棬úÿղһҴڵʲôط
ԣһϵ黯ȥɿֲһ̵λãǵλã˺ԭһΣұ֤ҾԲٸ㣬Ҫ㳤أͷϣһϵػġ
鹥ƴң
Цԭ㣿ԭ𣿸ղһԼ̵ģһ㲻õǿ似һһκúøģ
˵ţȭͷ£ȴǡȭȲһȭҪޱߵʹ࣬Ĳѡ
ȴʩչһơ
ǡо̤ǡǬնǡ򽣹һǡӥ족
ȫħӵ似
氧֪ǳң뿴ұҵ³ҪҸһ㣬ͲҪɱˣһţ˲ˣ磬ܽޣܿģΪħӸõر𡭡
Ļ۾һ⣬ɱȻ
棬Ҳн죬ٶǰнң°ҿͷͷЦţȴĹˣͷˣ
ϵɱŨˡ
Цֹſͷѵ棬˵棬䣬ǽĴҲĹ㣬Ҫȡ
㲻Ҫɱңҡ
ԶɽԲ㣬գ㱨𣡡
˵ţһʽǬָҫȥ
ʱһâֱն
һֱϮϣ
תǬֱָָϮӰɸջϿףȴ˵


978 õ
סˣǬָҲסȫջ㶼ûɢȥ
ǰݣһհӳ
ֻǣ鲻٣Цݲ٣ʣµģȫǱ䣬ȫǽӲȫĮȻ
ջ˹ƣӰȴû˿ͣ٣ңйŽɭȻ
һ˲䣬ϮгţȻȲ֮ǰ𴥶нͷų콣ҲǼΪף൱Ĵڡ
ڳǿǰײɢˣûϮϵڣ
ǣϮһɲǣӰеĹŽըˣڹŽ֮Уһ͡ŽһģһĽӰ֣˲û˳ϵ壡
ʱ˿̣ǿޱȵȻްô
һһѪܵ˿ںبǰĿģӰڣҪĴŰԪҺһӵϣӰס
ԽǿˣԽʹ
ڣһ˿ʹжûУֻǲ˼ضŽǰף׵۾Ҳסϣ
ͬһ˲䣬Ҫ֮صͻһѵնɵһԣٴɼʹˣȫľѾ϶ٶϣ鶼飬ѪҲȫƻһͿΨһõģ˼ά죬ƴȫţңҸеʥĵá
ΨһסģʥĵãûʥĵãŲǻͣغţ
ϳ֣һֿϱУӿϲ౻У㲻Ҳˣϣܹ׽ˡ
Сڿ̣һצֱץӰճӰǾѪѣۿצҪץ𣬳ϳ˵Сڣס֡
Ϊʲô
Сڲ⣬ȴס֣ȴһԻţ
ˣȬ𣿡
Ͽǰף
ףȴǵӵľ֮գ
ɽϣΪһѪȾѣ˶棻˿̣ȴһѼŹֵĹŽش˳ؿڣ
ӿϵȫİ֮ǰûмһˣӵȴֱ֮ɫ˵Ϊʲôղһһʹĸо
ɻ֮ɫû֮ˣʵơ
˭ҲʶΪʲôָоϤ
Ĳǵ𣿡
ӿǣǵӾ֮һɵӡ
Ҳǵãҵĺʹ
˫ֱͷϳʹ״ɻȳϿ˵һشɱͲʹˣԶʹ
е϶һȻɽϾһĵӵĵǰͲ²ӵݣһҲܡ
û뵽Ĳ²棬ңټʱ˾ƣǳʼδģĳڳԺޱȣ˵ǰׯѾնɱˡ
Ҳ˵
Ϊʲô
ʵͻȻӵĵҲϣصܼ򵥣ɱ㣬ҵõ棬󣡲ܸ࣡òܸߣ
ܸģͬԸ㣬Ҹ࣡
ЩģҲˣʼգûпһֱۣȥ˵֮ЦԽԽʢ
Ҫʲô
䣬ͣ½Ųųϣһһ˵ҪŮһһ⣬ֻŮһŮԶҸŮ֮⣬ûζҲûϹܿ𣿡
ˣĬȻˡ
Ͳʧ½պҪʲôΪǰ棡ͷ󣡡˵ü棬˿⡣
ϡ
ϻû˵ʲôѾˣɵպʱ򣬴ʱ˿̿ɲܵϣϽסͬʱţϾܾϵ
ϻǳĬζܿΪǣ
ϲפ㣬̧ȥ״ʯ£˵ϣȷʵеţֻʵҲĶ֣þʱ䣬һҲ߲·һ˵Һܾ㣬Ҳϵǣֻһˣˣʹʹ㲻ٴ磬Ƭ½ͲΪʹ֣ΪʱƺˣԣԶʧʧڵǰʧڵļУ
һλףΪʲôǰ̬ȱ仯֮Ϊʲô˵ЩֻǵĸףֻŮŮܵһ˺
㿼ǹĸ𣿶Ե˵ƽ𣿡


979 鵤
ǣһʣǰߣޱ˵ҲǣͲڲų֣Ѿʧ½ϣûбǿĻ᣻ڹƽҲܣֻҪľͺã⼸꣬ҷѾ˼Ϊһöҩ鵤Ӵϣ޵ˣеֻ
鵤֣ӿ˵ζһлĿȴѾİ·ʶ
ǣ鵤ҲΪˣղŴɱ㣬ŻоʹţֻҪԶڵǰ̼ļ䣬ͻȫ㣬¹µҸ
СһתҪ£ȴٴαֹ˵ΪԵĺãҴӦ㣬Զڵǰ
⻰沿һ鴤֪Ϊʲôŵʹ֮ɫϧһԺУ֮ɢ
ϻص˵ĻǣҸˣһֵֺĶǺɵˣһ죬һڵأһڶһǻһ𣬵Ϊ㸶ô࣬ɥԣҪ֤Զڵǰõİ취ǣ㳹ʧ½
˵֣꣬ʱ֪⣬ǿƬݸϣ
˵ţ˵ͻǰŵ뿪ɣҲ˺ǣ
ûлػȴǴĴָȡһƣȵȥƬҪ𾪣֪Ƭܲ򵥣ȴ֪ϾȻﻹиһ飬ΪŮ˶ϧ˳ţóʧ
סûгɹ֮ǰԲǴҡϷԸ˵ϥɢ⣬ڽƬһ
ϵǰӦúڳûܹסҡŴϽţǹŽ֮Ӱʴ֮£Ȼ顣
ʵǿӣһʱ㶣ʧȥ˷ǵŽӰҲϮڣ
һȴǶԵ˵Ҫٶ֪ôɣ
֪
üͷ治֪ôɱֹ֣ţֻһоͽеȫסˡ
һϴСڣϣСһ𣬳Ҫһȫ֮ʣȴóһ̽Լϣ˵㡭㡭Ҫ
ɫһ䣬ȴȻ׼ԥس֣ģõӸû˺ԼĻᣬǵԱҲȫֹܹס
ɾʱϵִ˳ϣòҪóȻ֣õһöƵĵҩֻҪһ룬̾ǵ˻ٵľ棡
˫һݣǵĵ˺ģʲô⡭
ԣҪõܵһһ֣ʧ֮Իҩ֮Իƽ£ǣҪţһԣ
һ˿飬ȴǽϸĥ͸ˣ֪һӣΪξ˳ϵԪڤǿӣ˶踮ﻹкı֮ԳϵԸΪˣ϶Ͼŵǰ
ȷʵץס˳ؼҪλԺ︡ŵҲʶһĻһĻǿͷųԪڤӣԶѪȾ衭
ϲʥˣǾһ˶㲻ϣ߽ԾĺպɱϸմȾѪϣմϵѪ
ϣ²֣
ȥԣ
鵤ӣͻǰңϻĸоӵڣɢһ쳣Ϣ
һϲ²֣Ҫסӵİȫõһ֣
ʱ򣬳ҲʧʹǧֶΣȴˡ鵤ĵӣȫסˡ
ǿСڣҲˣСڵǷŭ
еĹ⻪ԽԽʢһߵֳľƣи˪ͻԾն𣬳ȥ
𿴼ľٶʧɫʱ֮ʣ£ʥĵʧһˬпܾתĽ֣
ˣϽ׶ס棬̺ն˵꣬ϣųϣȻһͷ
һ˼ȵᣬһնɱϣ
ȥˣȻҪԳ֡
׶̺ҲУɱ˳ȥ
ԭɱȴһ˼תɱ˵ӣ


980 Ϊ
ƣ˲Ϣ䣡
Сڣȫܹסƣȴƻһɶ
Ҫ棬׼ȷ˵ҪסʥĵãŵסϵĻᣬϸնɱԣɱȥ
Ҫɱ棬ȴһתɱӣ
֪ϵԸΪˣ֪ε飬Ϊһδ棬δ̹һ˿һ似ʦ۵ļôصĵӣκһˣ˭ȥǵ˺ô֮󣬾ͽЩ׵⣡ɳϣΪǸ֪˶ٿ࣬˶Թ޻ڣ
ŴˣףеţסˣҪó°ҪҪɱ˵ӡ
Ϊˣ棡
ɱ˲Ϣ乥ӴϮ˵ӣ
ʱ䣬˴󾪣𾪵µˣ£ҲͱɣǣϽǹ
ϲɫֻеƬܷģ
Ȼ׼ʱϱѾƵɱУﲻģٴɱõĻǡǬԪնһȭ飬ðй©󣬻һѽץס˵Ҫ֪ΪҺãǣ£һġ
ȴһЦ˵ɼǵã˵ҲԲ˶ĺ£ңҲ֪˭еֻ֪ĵӣ㲻£һ¶УԣҪɱ˵ӣ£
ɫĮϲ˵տʼﻹޱȵĺ⣬кĳɼô¶ԭ
ţ˵ˣҵУҵпܣʹ˶ֹ޴룬ҲԸ⿴İɣ
һ㶣켴˵֪˵ʲôҪ㳹ʧ½㲻вΪΪȷܹסӣûУ㳹ʧˣĵ죿ζô죿ܿô죿ֵ˾ͽļ˵ȵа˺㰮ˣô죿ѵԸΪⲻ壬˽Ϊν˽Ҳɵ޴ɼһ˵ģҸҿ϶ҪʧˣζܿǶȥףҲᱯʹи˻ĽԸ⿴𣿾Ҫ𣿡
һٱȣóɵˣ֪˵ģ
ʱӷĹˣҲͬʱɱ˳ϣ
һߣϵ治ɫҲ٣еǵǽǣõסϣóϵĵóϵİǣ⿪ϵ
ЩˣԳ˵Ҳ൱Ҫ
һӣô˱̫ˣ
ԣϼˣ˲֣õӶ֣Ȼ͵Ϯ֮ƣҪ˶Լ֣Դųϵжϣ³ȥϻΪˣ˵һеļƻȫˡ
ﻹţˣͿҪˡ
ӿŵǰıӰӿ˵㺣Ƿˡ鵤ʶóϣϵĵεΣǣ˳֮⣬ӲҲûɥʧжҲţǰΪʲô㣬Ϊλʹ֮УΪʲôỤýػԼҪ
˭ʲôйϵ
ţϵĻһ㣬еĶֱֱ̽ϻֱнѪѪûڿҽȴȫϵϡ
Ѫ꣡
һХؼʱ̣סţҲõҲõ£ζܿ¶
סȴɱֱӽнȥȳˡ֣콣ĽȻô򵥣οҲԱǵɱУ
Ӻ
ϺȺɱܵҪܾж̽ȴųϴȥ
ȣԪָ
У۾־ҪԱȥӣȥϵ
еСڿһս֣費ѣټϳϸСڸǷŭˣΪС뿪ԶԶġ
Ů뿪ģ
ߣ
𡪡
Сڶŵ˿Хβɨȥ˹ɢңǣӳȥķѾը
˿̣ҪػסӣҪסҪӦЩըҪϣ˻Σյľ棬˲佫ϱƵ֮
ʱԱ෣СҲƿǶĳӡ
Ȼɹâ
еƬҲ˳Ͽգ


981 ĸڣɣ
ƬڳϿ֮ʱɵĶͷųĹâȴ漣Ǻศɡ
ȣţĪ֪Ǹʲôõģͷֻһת˲䣬㲻Уе񣬶ڳϣֻҪܽߣν
ͻ˭ףдԳģҲֻٵľƣӸӣзɽԲ۾Ϊľ֮УʵǷʲôãǡ
Сֱ죬ﾹȻһֽζȫȻϽ뿪һԾǹâƬײȥҪƻƬóʧȥã
ǣСɽײȥâֻһ˸ָڳûаģСûзһθһ͵ײȥ
ʩչ磬ʥıȫ֮Уͬʱ˻ԪָзȦҫȥȴǽҲһ棬ӵɱС
￴Ϊһ㶼⣬ǳϾͲǳϣ֪֪ﻹӿϧ֮е㰧䲻ζҲûзѰŻᣡ
ʱڿնһ״ڣȵ࣡
۾һݣҪıסɾҪֵ˲䣬￴ӵ˻ȥԼ࣡
Ͻײǳӣתס˵ӵ֣϶̽Ҳ÷ֺֻһ˫۾϶ţ˵㡭ʶҡҡ
ץס˵ӵ֣еѾХֱϮϣϸоԼɱȴɲ֣Ѳ
˿СڸպһƬײһצ䣡
ϣҪǶţڵȥ𣿡һԴ̤·һɱ֮ˣɱɱöϾͶϣɴ˿̣ȴ޾ԥ֮УκһԸ
ʹһԭ
ڽ˶һֶεͬʱҲ϶ϣ֮£ɣܾ
иתͷĿڵѿڶܣ
ϣһ˿ҡ
ΪǵҰֳ˸һģһӰȻǳϷųķϱԸʹ䣬ɴӰɲ
ڴϡӣʱըܿʥը֮УϡҲޣϡĻ𣬶ԪҺĳ˵㲻жʧȴһֿ̹ĵʹ
ϣ㵱ҵ⣬չֳ߷˵ı⣬ֻܼȥҲҪʧҵֶΣô򵥡
ϸ˵꣬ȴ׶̺˶ȥͬʱǱըУ״һģһȴСʮڣٱ϶ȥ
ڣĸڣ
׶ٴΪϵֶζ̾ǵŵô֮ʱȴǺ֣׶ȫץУ׶˲ԣȫͷԣΪʼնΪһģôܻأ׶ȵϣҪʲôǿɶǡ
һþԶɥʧ˵ܣ۾Ҳûǰֱģȥ˱ߺϣ϶Ҫˣʲô˼
ˣɱ˳ϣҲ̫Сˡϻ˵һ䣬Ǳߣ޷ĳϣƵȷվ߻ҲǸӣȴǺԥӭڶȥ
棬¶ѿڶʦҪҪҪ
ʦֵƣŵòޱȣ˵ϣǶԵģӺԵ壻Ҳ㣬ҲûԹԣʵˣǰ͸ˣ꣬Ѿ㹻ˣҪȥˣ㣬㲻ҪúõĹȥһҪѣҺʦ㣡ǣһ£Ҫ
￴Ǳſڵϵ棬ͻرȳһҪɱ棡һҪɱ
䣬¡ը죡
䣬ϣĺۼ

ϿХŵӵ۾ɵûԲӻţܡʹࣿҲʹ
Ϊʲô
һȡ
Ǳߣץס׶ˣӱߣ켴˵ӣʱѪȫɽӣ
ʱӶˡ


982 İ·ڶ
׶ϵѪһ㲻ʣģȫɽӣ
ɵۣ˵ӣ;෵ģʧʧģҪƬ֮⣬ҪѪ
ϵĻȻˣҲپ׶˵Ϊߵ𣬵϶Ͻ׶˵Ѫŵ
תһɲǣСڸպײϣһΣǱǸ֮һȥСܽԶʥ޵෸ɱԴˣСƴȴ
棬ţ۾ȻʧǣĶ仹ǺõģҲ˴ŵľƣһ˿ѵ˼άţ㻹ҵǰСҲҲãϷ꣬Ϸٽʥ֮ףʱϷɱһйصˡ
һߣԪָķȦڣһֽסԼؿڣʹ֮ɫųϣΪʲôʹΪʲô
ûлشֻǷſ֣ŵӣв̣뵽ȴһһ˵Ӵ֮㡪ҡİ·
£˻ԪָһԾֱץȥԺͣĻһҪɱ棬һҪɱ
Ͽϵȥȴûȥسϣ֪סҲزˣ˭ȥ˭Ӷȥ˲䵽ߣóһŵҩõ̷¡
˵ҵģΪʲôôʹʹʹ
ϵϣ¶֮ɫȴץŵӿ񱼶ȥĻ˵ԺҲʹˣҲˡ
Ҳ˳Ҫ֣Ȼֻ֪Ҫóץס棬ʥĵãͱҪõǣ˿̣ϣѾ˿ãֲģԺܵ𣬻Ҫء
ԣϴӹ֮ʱѵĿ˵ϣ
㲻ʹĻ͸Ͻٶȣ뿪˿һٶͣϽƴȫ뿪
ˣоˣˣ𣬾ңңԸƳΪϡΪ˻ʲô˵ˡ
Ļû˵꣬ѾץסУ澪𣬡ϣŹңԸū֪ͣʲôҶܸ㣡
㱰ɵһ룬һĹʦڿţʦڿţʦԸʦ㲻ݣ棬ɣ
Ϻ꣬ӿ汾ͲƵӣһ㣬ƬƬˣ
棬
ʮɽϣ¹ڣǰǸŵˡ
˿̣ӵĺԽԽ죬Ƭ£ӻϣ
Ͽ֮ǰըĵط˵ʦһģһġ
˵꣬һСϣתҪСڵӣƬ֮Уק
ͬʱ磬ҲԪҺ磬ȫóϸ˽ȥ
ףܽǿ˹СҲסĶô򵥣ԣһ֣ȫ
Сڵڳме𣺡㲻ңߡ
еԼŮģģն˵ԽشԽԽͣСϵĻش𣬸ǼˣæҸоΣգʧƬ½
Сڣһһ

ûСڵļȵһ


һ䣬ϽǸںеĳ磬ȥСڣóȫܼʱâҡβѣֱ飬СڵӣҲ˲١
ɾʱͻؾƬ͵£һȴк˵ĺںĶڣһƬա
һӺڶӿ˳
Сͱڶ۳ϺСôƴ³˾ѪС¶ʮצȴȻͿܲˣڶǰǿĳ⺷Сڣ·һɳӣ΢Ĵڡ
ӿȥ̽̽ڶʲô
ͷӿȥͱɡ
ɾһ˲䣬ϸоһ֮
ֻһϢĹ򣬳ϺСڵӣȫݽ˺ڶ֮Уڶ
ҲʱС嵽˺ڶ
ǿ˺ڶĳϡ
ԥСڶ˹ȥ


983 ˮ֣
ڶɭɭ
С˽ȥϵľʯҲȥЩʯһڶȫ˷ĩ
ѾԽʥڵǿڶ֮УҲǱ˺һĿĵѷ죡
ԪҺתȫҲ˷ֺ
תֱӱɢ
Ҳ˻ԪָзȦճ֣ͱڶĥƬѹޣд󾪣֮зȦһǿͬ죬ڶ֮УзȦȴ˰á
ڶںδʲôƺ֮ԣԽڶܱ֮ǿʢڶ
ϵ˼ڶֳһӰˣ
ӰȴС
С뿪뿪
ϿţȴǱڶһˣʹСĶǳഫҲȫòӦںڶ֮У˷ֺ
øĺڶ
ȥ̾ڶĹ죬ҪСϳȥСȴźڶһǰֻǣںڶ֮Уֱǰ
Сϵֱ߾Ȼףǣںڶ֮Уһ֮࣬ȴԶҲӽ˵·̣
Сֻ֪ƴǰӣҲڿʼѣ

ڶ֮ǿˣϵġ롱Ѫѷﱻѹ
𡪡
Сڵںڶдһξ룬ԭֻɳӣ˲ʮɣʮɣʮɡ
תۼ䣬Ѵɣ
ɫâںڶޱȣ⣡
ʮֻצڶƴ
ӴԽԽԽԽҪڶűСڵţϸ룻Сֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬ɫϣƬ䣬Ѫ
ٹϢСǺǺǿʼСԽԽС֮ȻС
СھֻߴС
һСɫ֮ҲȫʧʮֻצһֻҲ
֮ǰСڽϻм䣻˿̣ϽСڽڻУϻ뽫СһסǣˣСʱѾӽڱıԵˡ
ڶ֮Ϯ룬Ҫ˺ѳϡ
ҪȥҪȥ
ͣţԺһһĻ棡
ʱ֮ڵĺڰ㣬ͻع⻪ţڶ֮ҲУڶ֮һ룬ڰתٶȣ
ڰԺڶ֮һЩ΢ãֻϧڰ㻹̫Сˡ
ڶ֮ԽӿԽ࣬ڰתӽͣͣ
Ϣ֮󣬺ڰתȫͣͣ
ڰͣ͵һ˲䣬ԣɼʹǻԣҲʶؽСڸýŮҪҲҪȽ𣬲ܻСڡ
ϻˣڶ֮޼ɵؿӿ
ںڶ֮鲼ȫϼʱһ⻪ͻѤںڶ֮У⻪뵱ɽıĹ԰ǵ⣬޶£
ⲻ֣ǽԶСҲһˣСҲ˻ԣ
ţָһ
ȴԴ֮ˮף
ˮ׻˳ϵڣȴûгֹҲδоó϶ɻˮǲʧˣȴϣڴΣ֮ʣˮ֣
ˮ׽Сڣ棬ˮﻷơ
Զϡ𡢵ˣǺڶȻʧڶ֮£Ѿһţǰϼڶ϶Ҳʧϡ
Ȼ֮󣬵Цգʲôеţʲôɱʱ򣬻ֻлˣƬأҲû赲޵ĽŲ
ϿźڶʧȻڶĳ֣Ҳ֮ǰԤϵģţƤ˵ʧȴû뵽ַʽʧġ
ӣȴˣȫˣﳶųŵʹ󣬵Ƹоϵ֣ڿѣ
ϳĬţΪ㣬Ĳʺ㣬̫ǿˣͬʱҲ̫ˣѲϣɽ֪ᷢٻأܵ˺бȳϸʵˣ߽Ҹ
ӣš
ڶֵһ䣬ѾΪһƬɽ綴Ԩ֮ףֵѷ֮ȴվһӰ½ϵ˶࣬۾ȴǺģѪѪġ
ˣվѷڣ˷ϲ֮Уһұģɴ֮תȥ½ԣ࣬Լͨͨҵͨͨˡ
綴飬½֪
ȴһˣ̤ڽϣ֮ء
ʮɽķϣڶʧˡ
ˮ״ųСڣںƺУ˸Ⱥ֮С
Сȴǲ֪ȥҲ֪ǻ

ˮײ֪Ʈ˶ãͻأ׹ȥأ


984 һֻʵ
СݼҪҴΣأһСģͻɱ֮һò൱ĿˣЩš
ǸСݼģȴʮŮСһıţô˵ɾС죬˵ɽ壬ǸҪôСģģôСģӣǶʮһεĴǾȥĻ϶ʲôҲò
ɽɫһݣ˵СݼҸ˵ٱˣһ˵ھΣޣԣи߳Ǳڴ֮Уջ񣡡ɽʮ߰˸ˣƵƵͷȻͬɽ˵ֻһԼʮҵӣ˸۾ƺеͬСݼĽ飬Ҳ˵Сݼ۾Ľ֮⡣
СݼȴǸˣֻڵ˵ƾʲôһ壬ֻܲΡΡսľػţҪþԼøǿǿ󵽱˲۸ǣ
СݼҪˣɽ廹ܺ㲻ɣɽԽԽˣȻǰСݼץԷСݼһЩͿ¶СݼѣȴѲˣֻòͣ˵ţɽ壬ɱһ壬Ϊʲôһ壬ɱأ
Сݼ⻰ɽɫһӾͱˣӿŨŨĿ־壬ɽҪ˵ʲôҪﻹںתʱܾͻأЦ
Ц𣬲ɽϵĿ־Ũ£˵ӣǿʼֻСݼţ˭Ϊ㣡
һֻСӣҷ˿ԣǿЦЦ
Ц˷
ɽŵӣҷɢܣ죡ɽץסСݼҪǰ壬һߴӰͻشǰЦӣӣѾΧˣǲҲѷɣοֻӶѣ岻˳򣬳ɲ˷ã
仰˷ïֶܴ֮˾ŸˣЦѣֿܵʮ˸ˣҲȫ˻Сݼȣǵ
ǵСã˵ǻСݼǰıδ󺺣˵ţߴСݼرǰͻĲλ۾˼֮⣬޲Сݼ
Һƴˣ
СݼȻԾ𣬳δ󺺵ȥ֮߳ʱԾȻ֣δ󺺼״Ҳֻ˵û뵽СѾƷͼʦˣҲСˣֻϧңƷͼʦҲһǰҲֻǱɱĶСãԹԵط̴үҪôүˣүһ·ȻڳˣͶҪǰ
ǲввһֻӣֱ²𣿡
ǣź棬ûʲôȤζ˵ţСݼѾߵ˲ǰǿЦСãȻִԲǿɾ͹ֲôүºˣ֣
ȳ֣֡Ÿˡءһһȥɽ²ΪҲȵƴͻΧ
ͻΧͻ
ͻצӵĲӰǲӰȻɭɭצӰצϻǣʱѪһߣ֣Сݼ˫ץȥ˵˾жǿĲһǰֻһЦѡ
£ץסСݼ˫ȣСݼ˿ûצĵǣ۾˸һ˿⣬һ˲䣬СݼֻҲֲӰӵŵضԾصػ˲ֻ۾ϡ

ʹɿ֣Сݼأһߣ˵˭˵壬ֻһͼǲǣҲ㣡
СݼĻصش̼˲ţСãүһʱ⣬͵Ϯóѣͷ죬Ϊǵһֻܿܵ˵𣿼Ȼ˿үһϼʮˣݺݵ㣡
˵ţͷǲӰֱԾСݼص㣬Сݼɫ䣬оѹѹ촭뵽ڲıҽ֣СݼӲˣɲ֮УٴεŵضȽ棬ʼ״
ʱһֻѾѾӰɽ壬Сݼǰӭ˲ȵСݼӣ
ɽ塭
졪ӣ
ɽ強ֻ֣֣ѾɽĶһ֣ɽ忪ƶˣѪСݼϣСݼһУתӡ
СãӲ˵ġ
䣬ͻһ⣬ʣھ
ʱ𵴲ѣ
һĻ󲿷жʣǵ⻪ʲôѵ챦٣
켴еˣǵ⻪صȥ
СݼҲǳǸǰ


985 챦
棬ˡ
·⻪ش۶ȥڵϱܵģռɵģÿ˶ʩչԼٶȣȵǸطԱĻԵ
СݼⱼȺеһԱ
СݼΪȥõĳֺôΪ˻Ϊ˶ĵطиĻѣѡƫƧ֮·϶ӲңղʩչЩȥ󲿷ֵͼ֮
СݼԺһֱɽ屻˺ѣЩ˱ŰɱĻ棬ﱯʹѣСݼ߿ţİ¶һҪǿһҪΪɽ屨һҪһֻӣҲҪһֻ˸۸ӣ
ʮˣ׷ں󣬲ȻҲע⵽һ⻪˿̣ҪľȵǸطȻҲŹСݼΪСݼȫֵ÷Ѵ֮֮ǰ⣬Բһγ֡
ˣһҲȥ֣Ǳ˲ɣ˵ǳͦζһ˵ţ־ҪСݼ£ɾʱһȣֻӣǲһ˭Ǿԣ
һǸ֣¶֮ɫһţˣȻŲǣһǳĻ̣ҲǳŽ᣻˱֮۸ǲ϶᲻ݵ֮ƴףҪնɱǣ塣
ţ˿ɲΪԼȺԣס֣бԱ˲پ룬ıܿһԱţԱˣˣҲ˲١
һǸһóһͨ״۾һת㲻ټŽСݼ£ȴǽҧСݼСݼͣرٶǰһһشţĽǣǵٶȣõ˴
⻪شԼʮ׵ķΧȫ⻪֣ʮ׿⣬в˴һԣлӰ£Щӹ⻪ãҲû⻪ʲô
ͻأһӰ⻪ȥһ˶ڳ˽Զжʱ˲ٳӰȥǣǴײ⻪һ˲䣬ȫȥײڵϡ
˽Ծȴǲаһһִŵ⻪ײȥÿһεĽ֣Ǳײأҷ֮ԽԽǿ˱Լײ³Ѫ
һʵǰǹ⻪һ㣬ܽģЩϵȴǸ˷ܣԽԵ֣Ǿ˵챦
֪ʲô챦
˶ڴѣȴʾ֭ţҪܴ⻪ȥ
һʱ䣬½½ص֮ˣ⻪ΧѾЩˣﶼǲ첻ѣֱ򵥣ҲǴŽҪײ⻪棬ȻǲǰЩ˵ĺ󳾡
ЩҲѣȴʵ飬ͬʱҲǿϷţǶȥοЩӵͼ塣
䶯ľ⻪Ȼǳģ
ת۾һ͵һ飬ѿڶСڡ

ʶﴫ˻ӦȴСҲˡ
æ￴ȥ¶Цݣ̫ˣǶš˵ϵɫȻ뵽ССأСȥˣ
ϻǸκ˵ĺڶŻԵһɲǣСȻа֮࣬СһҪţֻҪţʲôطҶҵ㣬ҵ㣡

ʱص⣬ϸϸܴȥͻؾˮף
ˮס˲䣬Ժܶ⣬Լǰǿĺڶȫǡˮסá
ԭΪܽɱôҲһǿߣǺڶǰȴǰСô΢ϽǸڶӡԺ뵽˵뵽ζܿţĳ˼ϱܷӦҪͷųȥ̽һͷţŷ֣ޡ
ȴںڶȫˣ
Ȼûϵ۾ܿ仹ϿһȺֵˣ۸һŮӣԱ߻вˣȴϷһ㿴ţýζûһ˳
ϻ˵ţСãˣѾ·ˣԹԸүɡ
仰Ȼǲ˵ģ
Ŀ⣬ȴĴɨţ۲˵ķӦͬʮˣСݼΧǣȴһȱڣͨǹ⻪ȱڡ
Сݼû˳֣Ҳ󣬿Ų˲ƽһݣתһͷ˹⻪
׷ϣȴûע⵽Ա߲˵ϣ¶˱ЦݣϷȴϣ翴İϷֻûȥҴ
ΧеˣΪȫ岻ȥһ˽ȥ
ֻӣǽȥ


986 ͼڴ½
ݼ̫տơ
ЩĿĵˣ⻪ȥ̲סģѾǳЦ
ͻأЦȻֹ
Сݼ⻪һ˲䣬ڳˣȫȻʧ
ΪΪܳ⻪Сݼǳ˽ȥӰʧǵҰ֮У
ֻôȥˣ
ΪС椳úÿԵ𣿡
һûпɵŮӣʣϽ⻪ȥٶ֮죬˲ˣֻϧȥÿ죬øӿ죬ˤڵϰ
СҰҲ㳤úÿ
˲ɺЦЦ֮󣬴ǲԭ򣬱룬Ųʮˣǲܹýȥ
Сݼ˽ȥ˷ܣֻӵСöܽүΪʿнȥ֮
һ̣ǶΧǲͼڻǿͼ壬ûнȥ
һ׼׼ȥ챦㼲뿪
ʱײ˲ù⻪ϡ
ûСݼһȥǱһɾ޴ģ֮ǰ˸оĶҪ͵ķ֮ɷֱ֮ӽʮˣصֱʮףнǲһѪ
һĻ棬ڳˣɻˣţĪֻбСͼ壬ܽȥȥ۾ǹһĨ⣬׷׷ȥץЩСͼˡ
˵СݼҲһޱ֮ˣôΧ涼ȥ֪⻪϶򵥣ϵãһ壬Ȼǳ˽ȥ
еСݼһۿıһײģ͸Ĺײģײһˣ˵ĻһſĶ
Сݼ죬;ۣȫ˵⻪棬Ŀ϶һ곬챦ȴû뵽⻪סģ챦һˣ
⻪ҲǴģʩչĹȦͣ϶򵥡СݼԺ˲Щͷ󸡳һ仰ܾңұǿ
֮ʱСݼȴͻƯˮ׼ٷȥСݼˣȴֲ϶λ˵ǿ
СݼڿգȻΪϵԭ
ϵȻڶɵòˣڵԪҺȵȣڣܲСرǹϷ־˲٣ɢƣҲԽԽŨңϵӣˮУϣǿ̶ȣٴξ嵽ʲô̶ȣȴһδ֪ΪûвóԱȡ
֮⣬ֵҵǣϵĻԪָʹָûȫ𻵣ã
תۼ䣬Сݼˮǰﴫһ˿е
Ǿ
˵СݼԸоǰһУôĲ˼飬Уǣ˳
ϼʵʲôط˵Ƭ½ʲô֣
ͼڴ½
ͼڴ½۾˵ԤУ½ϣʵǰʱлЩȣ½ͼڴ½
һ֮Уȴףʵһͼڴ½
Сݼϣڽǿϣȫ˳ϣȻǲҲͼڴ½ȫɲɣÿ嶼Լͼڣֳͼ壬ң塭
壿
һ䣬Сݼ´һСݼܵĿ⣬ɺԺȴͻֳ֮ǰµԸӲֹסĳ嶯
ȻСݼϿȥҪѧźϸʱСݼȴϵ۾Ϫˮ峺ף˿ûһ֮ɫ
СݼһʧȴΪϽͼڴ½ͼڴ½ϣÿһͼڣǸ˵Դͼڣͼܹͼ֮ģֱΪͼʦͼʦһ־Ʒ
ͼڣͼ֮
һδĴеԽԽأʱǡͼڴ½СӴԣһģһ
½ǲʲôϵ
ţСݼ˵š
棬ЩѾ˻ÿ˵ץЩСͼˣ壬壻ǵץˣǣˣСݼ⣬ˣֻգ
ǽ⻪۾ž⣬еϣ˵ܹһûϧɲǼ䣬еϣ
׳ȥˣȫ˻
ͷˣţĪǣνԵߵ֮
ҲʱڴӵصĲŹ⻪һ仰ǣʲôǲһ壬ͳԲ˶ߣ


987 ֻΪ˻ؼ
Сݼһ˵϶ͼڴ½һŵʶͼڴ½вʤо󲿷Ϊͼڡ
ȻҲ⣬ֲΪͼڡ
ߣ֮ΪͼڣЩͼ壬ʾǰЩͼڣȴСݼֻС˽ġ
ͼ֮Уͼڴ½½ǿĸͼֱ塢塢塢ʨ壬еͼڶĴͼ壡
Сݼڵ壬ھʨ壬˵˵Ǳū۵ͼ壬ͼڴ½УȫǴ²㣬˭۸塣
νͼʦһΪƷһƷǼͼ֮ʹͼ֮ĵƷͼ֮۳ĳͼڵĲӰӰʵӰȣǿߵƷԼͼڻø
ͼʦĲ𣬲ǼƷ֮ͼ֮õͼ֮еͼ壬ѾǾƷͼʦȴпǿͼƷͼʦ򲻹
һ㣬Ǻ½似ǿСЩƣ
Ʒ֮ϣʲô
˵ͼʦ֮ϣʲô߽׵ĴڣСݼȴȫӴˣЩСݼ˵ȫһ˵ѡ
ͼʦ֮⣬ҩʦͼڴ½ҩʦ½ʦǲ࣡
󣬳˳Ĭ֮ǰǸ磬һģвһģͼ֮Ԫͼھͼս似ȵȡ
ܴͼڴ½ص½ĪǻҪڶҪڶͼڴ½ûʮɽǸӵĴڣƬ
ţ̧ͷͼڴ½գ½ҲûʲôвظʣͬһƬǣͼڴ½½죬ʲôĲͬ½п졢ͼڴ½ûĴڣ죬ִܲܵ½
Գ˵ͼڴ½ϣҪⲻ⣬ڵʵ˭۸
ԣҪ⣬ܻܲص½Ҫȥ½ϣеˣ֮ˣֵܡ
ǶڵȥŻȥ
ϰ¶ģ۸ĴۣҶҪȥȻܴ½ͼڴ½Ҿһܴͼڴ½ص½ȥ
ˣʵϣȥܻȥģ
½ľϺһǿҲֻһˣҪ뾡ػȥȥѰʮɽӵĴڣǾҪȥѰңֻҪУڳңҪʲôֻҪԸһ˻ȥ׼󽫶ǰ
ңҲ뿴ͼڴ½ûʲôĵر鵤ҩܲܲ롰ٵζҩҪҲҪԴؽ졭
ҪõԴҪ֣ŴˣϾͼڴ½Ϊ˾޴ҰģֻΪ˻ؼң
а˼תʱСݼȴѾ˳ϵǰ˵˾ȾңȾ壬ҪСݼκ£Сݼһüͷ
Ҫڿʼ忪ʼ
üʣѡ壬治һõѡͬ似ҪﵽĿģøߣҪļŬǸ߽似İٱǧ򱶣
ͬģɲʲôĺˣܾСݼȴԵ޹ʾͼ縺ϣţʶȴСڵ̫ˣȾɡ
Ů˵ͬģǿСڶףţȴеСڣѾһֻӣĻУϲɲ죬æСڣΣ
ҵļðģѧһ£ܱˡСںƽ˵ţʵЩԼٶȣ㹻ģͨѧĳ似ûСڣˣѧһ£ͻˣ
Ǵ˵е츳
ʶСڵ˵ҰӴ£ϻŰˣ᲻˼˵ʱͼڴ½һֻӵе˶ĤݣֻҪһ룬һ飡
С뵽ʮɽСȫ뿪ƽ£Сȴû뿪ѡ棡
ʱŨŨĸɽ㱬ˣ
ȻСϲǾʹ忪ʼɣܹ̻һ㣬СϲСڿ֣㹻ˣ˵忪ʼи벻ջ񣡡ӦСڸ˼ˣ˵ţãá
֮УСڵŹ⻪ɢȥ¶Ρ
Сݼϻеӣˣȫˣ۾Ŀ⣬ԽԽϡ
⻪֮⣬ˣȴԽԽţ


988 ûӣ£
ҲˣʲôҪܲ¾ǱŰɱˡޱȵؿţϿشԣ޴Цǣʮȴվǰ棬ռλá
Χ֮Упߣ󲿷ֶûȥǵţֻǿ˼ţƿ⻪⻪浽ʲô
ȴҲٲ˿ߣг֣
ǺһԱԤͻŹ⻪ȥȺ͵ЦſЦȻǳԾǣԱ⻪ûǰһȴһײ˹⻪֮С
͵Цᣬ𾪡
һʱ䷴Ӧһȣʣ¾ԱһԶ⻪ȥ˸о˼ǣȫ˹⻪档
״ٲɣǷԾȥΪ⻪ķ֮Ѿɢܹһ˳롣
ϧһжʧ󣬼ٶȥӰصطеˣǶѪصģอҲ
һηʹжɳ˿˿ңһ岻˸ǲ٣òһٵõ챦ǲʵǲ֪ҪٱŪþͻܱ߲
˶Ͻ֪ͨԼĳ峤һ£ǣھУδ֮ʱǸͳҲϵ
û˵κһ仰ֻǽ񣬱㽫⻪ذΧԴʱ׼ʩչĹֻҪһ˴ӹ⻪ǾҪȫնɱǸܵвȫɱδ֮ʱ֮ʹֶΣ챦
ǣȥĲһԱȴЩ²ģ˳ȥ֮󣬿еġСáڵϣǰվһӰ⻪Ǵ˵ͷųעĿǣ˵ĻУһֻӣ
ֻӣȫǲشһӿ𼫴Ĳν챦һˣĻﱧӣѵҲˡ
ҲôţǸ뵽˹⻪Ƿ֮Ѫѣݵص֮£ʮ׶
ˮһʧڳڣӰ٣ϲĵأԪҺ磬һһɨȴûио쳣ˮ׷·Ͳֹ
ԺиǸСŮĻ棬ˮ׵Ĵڣһ֮󣬳ѹЩ뷨Сݼ˵һᣬɱǣұ壡֮ϣܹԼˣ
⻰СݼĿͻɢޱȿɣԺֻصһ仰֮ϣԼˡţСݼƺоӿһɣδйǿ֧վŲʮȥÿһߵüᶨޱȡ
лعСݼϸղ˵ĻɿЦɱǣһֻɱǣ̫ЦˣүûôЦЦ
Ц𣿡
ȻЦشֱӽСݼӣų˵ү˭ҲˣҪۣҪʶ࣬ͳǲ壬ǲūۣү˵һ
ûӵˣǿ¡ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʱǶѾСݼȥ˫ֳ˲ǲӰצֱ˺СݼʱѾٻ׽СݼϷ棬ҪСݼ˺ɱǸһ
ǶѾ뵽˫־ֱ벻ݼУȻһ֣ݼ˺룬ڲǶ˫ҪȥһɲǣСݼ˫ͻصһʹۡͼս
״ǶһģССӣԲӽ콫˺ѳ߿顣ˣ·ѾСݼ˺ѪɵĻ档
ʱһҽУе
ѪˣҲˣ
ֻǶСݼǲǶǡ
ֻСݼ˫ֱ֣̽˲Ƕǵһ˫۾Ƕǵ˫֣Сݼֻ֮֮࣬࣬ͳԶҲ粻ĺ蹵
ѪҲСݼϣСݼȴûжҲûһŮ£һѪζ¶Ц֮ɫ磬Сݼ㱨ˣ
£ǶǵĲҽȻֹ
ȴСݼǶǵԴ˺룬ư֮ʱƮڿգСݼӵеͷʬ壬һȥ۾ǳޡ
ɵڵôҲӸղǷѲˣıһֻɱˣƲǶʷϵһɱˡ
ֻǿţг˼


989 뿪
һˣ˺һˡ
һĻһֻ˺һֻǣӿ£˲ţͬʱľս
ǶǿƷͼʦѾܹͼ֮۳ͼڵĲֲӰǸСݼˣȴƷͼʦҪǣͼСͼڣôӮǿ׺Ĳͼڣ
ɸղһУСݼϵѪȴɵ˵Υͼڴ½Ĺ򣬲ͼʦ򣬸ͼǿĹ
Ǵ֮ҪȻҲ治֮ǰЩСϷһʱ䷴ӦССݼܹôǿԺǸﱧӵйϵ
İˣҪսɱҲˣеȫ屻ĽȴүҴӾȥүҶ峤壡
Ϊ㻹ܴӾߵóȥ
㡭˻Ǳ̨ʣӲһ˵ɱңҲûãôˣȻὫɱ¾ǲϢȥʱһ壬ȻӲ˾ıҽ֣ڣϽϴټǲһ壬ŷǵĲͼڣ򡭡
˵ͻشסˣҲ˵ȥȴǲݼץסһˣ˵˫ۣ˫ţٽЩ֫ȣ֮ǰǾͷʬһӳ˹⻪Ȧ֮⡣
ϸպ˵ҲϢȥǾʹȥٶ࣬ҲӲһҪǲһѪͼڴ½һ飬һ壬ӴԺ󣬺ǰһˡ
ųһлģСڣ˿УڳһµĻ߷緶˵֮ЦģЦϵĲǣɿյСڣ͵һ¶סˣ𾪵غӣɵӣ
ʣµĲˣȫסˣСݼٴɱ¾һˣ
⻪֮ĸͼ徫ӢǰѪܵʬ壬ҲȫסˣǶΪһõȴϣ
ʱ˲Ĺ⻪ܲʲô챦пһѣ˵ʶ⣬û뿪۹⻪챦ѣǶ֤ʵһ¡
ֱۣͷ­ӹ⻪ӳÿӳһ˵ĶһţѾǵˣǰȥĲˣֻʮˣһ򣬾һ룬棬ʲô
СݼԽɱԽδоԼ˵ǿڵǰӴ󣬼ֱ˵ҪǿоһĴ죬Ҫˡ
ϿСݼ״̬ҲϿ˵忪ʼȴҪѡһõĴˣСݼһ˳֮ˣһҷ֮ˣɲѡСݼ
Сݼʲô׳־ǿ϶֪ȷСݼ㽫⻪ջڣ˿Ź⻪ɢһĲɵҲоϲǳôĶչǵǰˡ
ڹ⻪ȫڵһ˲䣬Сݼһץסһ˵Ĳӣ˼״ޱ𾪵״̬뵽һ⣬ѵǰЩ˵ɵģ
СݼƺʣһЦ˫þֻġꡱ˵ĲðѪ켴ͷ­أһȥ
С
һĻˣһͫ׷ŵȫΪǰĻ棬õģǿۣĴڣ
ʮˣֻʣˡ
۾Ŀ־壬ԽԽŨˣҲʼСãҪǲԣҪǲ忪ս
СݼͻͷŲȻɢɱɽ˵ţСݼȵŵأ͵һԾһֱȥ
ΣУҲΣУ˲ڵԣһǺһͷϻûһֻӰ
ԭƷͼʦ
һɣ
ʹĿǰóͼսͼ֮γɵĲӰСݼ
תۼ䣬ӰҧСݼ
˶ΪСݼǿҲڲӰ»
ȻʵһθǣǴˣҴ÷ǳ֮ף
ֻǲӰСݼȣֱӸߵ÷ˣǲӰһ㷴ûУӰɲǣһ³Ѫȴ˲ᡣ
ӰСݼ˲˲вţʵأӦŶɣǰѪ
˼߽Ծ壡
ֱһĻڵء
Ⱥ֮У⣬Ʋ׼뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ǹ̤һ뿪𣿡


990 Ƿɷɿ
뿪𣿡
ϵ󣬸̸ϸ߰ȴǴڳÿһ˵ĶģЩҪûȥˣͣ½Ųǰ
Щˣ¶˷ŭ֮⣻Ҳвˣ仰¶˱֮ɫҲû뿪뿴¶ʲôճ
Сݼһߵײڵأ𾪣ȫĿ־壬ƷͼʦӰȴǱֻƷͼʦСһо͸ˣ
Ϊʿȫʧ
ڲصһɲǣСݼӰӿ䵽ǰ𣬡㣬ɱɽ壻㣬ɱˣҪ㣬ҪѪծѪҪܵޱߵ־塭
СݼŭУСݼ˫ȭ籩㣬ڲϣÿһȭ£һѪһѪ֣
㲻Ҫ𣿡
㲻Ҫҵ𣿡
㲻Ҫҵȫɱ𣿡

ŭСݼеԹޣȫȭͷй˳ҲǱŴڵȥ
ȥɣ
Сݼһ仰£ǧٿףѾΪ۷һӣȻըˣѪⱬһأСݼնɱ˲֮ŭȴûһתסʣµˣԥأСݼ˳ȥ

һҽУ֮ǰСݼһڵĲˣˣʵΧ˴һǣӵˣСݼԾ֮䣬䵽˵ǰ棬ץסһ˵ֱۣݺһˣһһš
ʱСݼһֻӣֱһֻĸ
˽ٴ֮˱ҳһ̲Ѫ⣡
ʮŰɱСݼΧ˸ָ飬ߵǰ˫ϥ£˵ˣСݼԸԶˡ
СݼԼղ֮һУȫǰ˵ԭ뿪˴ˣȻֻһСˣȻ۸
ʲô
һ壬֮˵֮˵ѹ衣
ҿԸһطǹӵ֤˺ǡ϶СݼСݼ˶۾ֿĿ⣬˵һ֮ϣ
̫Сˣ
һ֮ϣ
ܺ𣿡
СݼԸо˳Ĳ⣬أһһؿһ֮ϣ
֮Χе˶˸ʱЦĴ𣬡һҪ֮ϣ˵أҹ
ﻹ뷭ˣֱЦ

Щ˵øˣͻȻһӿе˿УƾѲˣиŵжʮˣϾŲѣţңǱˣ˱壬
ģǧǧ򡭡
ǴԳһ壬ٲӣӶҳ

Щ˻Ųԣһ̧Լͼ壬ͼϣΧȴˣ¶֮ɫǺηʥȻͬʱöʮͬʱɿգƷƷͼʦȻ޵ֿ
ȴǶʵȷҪ
ϽģӣҪȻӸÿ
ϻն£ʮصڵϣһңȴҵǹͷѣѪҽʱ˷Ƕû֮ǡ
ʱΧһƬϿСݼ˵ס𣿡
סˡСݼЩ˵ؿԺ
ס˾ͺãԺ󣬿ԼǴܣ
ǣˡ
˵ţȺͻȻмӰԾ˿У⼸˵ĺ򲿣ųĲӰеĿӽʵʻĳ̶ȣǾҪһȥȴǸߣ
ܵЩϵͼ壬ȴܲͼ壬߾ߣΣѲɻҪ²ɣ𣿡
Ƿɷɿ
ߡ
⼸һȣȶȴֶûжӣľˣǲаͣȶ򣬿ƾȶͼ֮ҲĴǵҲûжһ˿һ
ʲôֶΣΪʲôǷɲˣ
ҲǷɣǵȻɲˣ
ʲôˣ
ıͼڴ½ˣ
˵ţ˭Ҳųһ仰СѾⲽߵ⼸˵ǰˣһЦſ죬ХХһ⼸˵ĳӰɢȫ˵ϣˤ˸ͷͣ
ۼյͼҲȥףֻҪǰ˲Ǹ벻дſ˵ˣֻҪǣǾԲὫһ˵ȥ
Ǿ͸Ųˣ

˴֣ＫȲ


991 磬
ʲô
ܼ򵥣Ǹղģٶȣȥϵ˵ΧǲţǸղģġ
˵˲ҪߣӦҪǵĿڣɱڣղŵ鲻й©ֺϵãˣҪס죬ҪǴ
֮УȻ˲ӿȣ
˼ҲϢй©Ǳֿܣһǰ׳գԲµİ׳գһţžţʱ򣬲˶ϸղ˵Ǿ仰ıͼڴ½ˣ
ʵţ˵֮
ǻߣ
һ仰ĵ֮Уľˣֱųϣ뿴ǲʲôıǲǵת뿪ͽǸˣ
ǲߵĻǾԶҲҪˡ
ٴ˵Ȼƽһֱĵѹȴǵضѹ֮£һֱѣ֣һˣŷڵͼ֮ƺԨ󣬸תˣ
ʱɫ԰ѩͣתӣûһ˸ҷɿնУЩͼˣΪСھôڿУֱӳǧ֮⣬ŷͼָ֮ǸضǿҲû׷ǿʯͷ£
ʯͷȻ£е֮Уȴʼջ֮ȥܾͼڴ½Ĳƽˡ
ϱСڣСݼ˵߰ɣ岿俴׼Ҫ˶ãͻṥˡ
Сݼ壬ûη֮ɫޱȵؼ˷ܣ켴Сݼüָݣɽ˵ˣڻھ棬Ŀ֮գ죻ûпδˣ˭Ҳȥ
ҽȻߵó
Сݼ⻰ʱ𾪵ת˲֮䣬ȫ𾪣ӿˮ㻯˿ϲţǿһ壬оˣǣҪرأСݼ˰죬뵽һֿܣ
һ·ǰȥһ·˲ħޣͼڴ½ϽЩħ޳֮ΪޣڳϿħʵûжĲ𣬾޺˶ֻǳƺͬѡ
ųСڣȫϢøɸɾ޸оǿϢֻоСݼСǰͺ̵ϹĽȴȫ˸޺Ľ֣
Сݼе𾪣һֱδɱôޣСݼо⣻Сݼ𾪵ǣûп˳֣еޣ˵ǰʮףԶˣ
һţҲţŸһʺϵͼսƵҩһʣϾһȷ̫Сˡ
ûʱ䣬Ǳ˽֮ûлƿ磬ȴϸоס硱һʲôĴڣ
Ž磬˳ȥͬʱҲ֪﾿ʲô
֮һ֮ڣϵλãһŨü۵ˣŵģȫǿЦݣԱһŮӣڵϸ˴ȡ
žŮӵ°ͣţ£һЦգ˵һж߳
ȽյľŮӻش·ֺõЦ˵ҿĹһ壬Ҫȫûˡ
ܻ֣ǿɲһһҪǶȽһٳǻм߳ġ
ｭ֣Ҵģһ϶һ˶߲
˻ͷ˵֮ˣü両ʣϷʵͻôģ
ʨɽˣСеСݼһ棻˵СݼһŮˣ϶ССӱ꣬Сݼ϶ᷢŭһŭͻɱˣͻϺܶһ棬Сݼܻˣ϶ᱻСݼˣôܻأ
ͻЦ˵Χéٿ̾ţԭˣǺ£˼
ҪһЩø˵ȥ
ȫŮģҪò绨͸ḻˡ

˿Цţţûо˿Ծǲ̣ǿˣȫȻ͵Ҫǵ˿ģ
вޱȣڵѪȵ˲һʨɽһߣʵգ㲻Ը
ˣղҡ
ҲңҪǸңһ壡ʨɽ˵ţһյ֮䣬ѱ̺ˣҪȻڳˣ̺һ飬ʮ顢ٱ顣
ʨɽЦѣȴǽͣҡ
ЦЦ
ʨɽһ˫ȴ
ʱ


992 ˣ
ĥžĽ֮ʱ뵽֮뵽֮뵽˷ķȦ뵽˴ķ󷨣뵽˽ɳݳǸʮֱĻս
ϸϸһ˼Щдµ磬ͷȦżƣֻ˺ö࣬Ҳͬնң粻ֹ˹ֹ˳ȥ˲֪ڣ׷˺¡
ڳϢش磬Ϊԭ򣬻Ǹˮ׵ԭ
βģ
Ժոʣ𰸣һΪǷǴ
Ȼڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣ϶ԽʶҲֻǴԵ˽һţȫĹ죬书ܵȵȣĥȥİأϿ϶֪һǣûѡ̽ȥֻץʱ䣬ɶͼڴ½ƿأҵؼҵ·
˵ڱڶ֮ǰЩжĴǱɱǱУǣûйصܻ۵һࣻЩǣɲһֵܵס
˵ʧ½Ϣȥ֮󣬵ǻ֪ôģ
ˣص½ýˣý£
ϲ֪½ϵľƣûҪӵö࣬ĿǰĵˣǵĴǴ綴ԨѷģѪ˫۵ˣ
Ĵ󲿷Ҳˣ
ЩĹޱȣ½ϵߣ˽ս֮ʱѪͻ᲻ܿƵرܶһΪٸߣֻҪѪһҲֻ³
㣬ȴģǣЩ˽ǵѪ֮󣬻ʹǵ似طȵȣҪֶΣ½ߣǷʤ
һʱ䣬˱ռ˽֮һĵذ㡣
ͬʱһˣڴžǰߵϢǸǿڵϢ
Щϲ֪
֪ǣǰ磬ס
ûȥֻսȭѹһһͨʮɽǸ֪Ķپڶˮ׵ϴ֮󣬳ÿһѾﵽ˿ֲ߰ٶʮ
߰ٶʮѹ˶ʮ
Сݼվڳߣֻǿһȭͷ͵³һѪǿı֮УСڵǰɫâСݼоԼʯͷһըѳɷĩ
ȭ
ꡱһŴ۹âĽ磬ѷ졣
ţѷԳȭΪģ˷ɢȥϿԼȭͷһλŵռĸܣ̽ģʲô
˼δѹһ˳ȥСֻص˳ϵĻУȴɢһĹâƲʵò
Ҳڳϻһȭҡʨɽܻｭˣɫһ䣬ʨɽޱ𾪵˵ƿ˾Ľ磡
ʲô
ڳˣд徫Ӣμģֵλʵȵȣǲͣ͵ģҲﵽ˾ƷͼʦǵȻƿ궼ܺĽ磬ƿƷͼʦ޷ƵĽ磬Ƕô䶯ô𺳵һ飡
֮ǵ۵ףȴŨŨĿеǣǣϣƿͼˣǵͼ壬һλʵǿǿߣ֮ǵǵҲ⣬Ǹ֮ˡ
ʨɽȱ˳ȥ˽ںĽ紦ȥյһ̺ˣҲȥյ۾ıʹ˲ͻϯѾ϶СݼѾòˡ
飬ߣҲ֪ˣ𾪣һ˲䣬Ҳ뵽飬ǲǸɵģţҲٶ뿪Ҫصڵͼ壬ʵ̫ȫˣͬʱҲҪǵȫȥ
ʨɽһٶȺܿ죬ֻƬ֮䣬紦󿴵˸ոմ̤ĳϣ˿ųϵĵһۣһ뵽ĸͼģ
ĸͼģ
ϲֻǰߡ
ʨɽˣĸˣ
Ӧ˻ش
ӣ˾鲻ˣʲôʱһİˣ
ʨɽܲƵʵ㾿ʲôˣģ

ʨɽ۾һ뵽ʲô׼ŵ̬ʱСϵâɢȥ¶ӰʨɽӲֹסԼĽҪȥ
ţСݼӰӳ߳
ͻһ𣺡Сݼôû
켴ֶų˵һˣ


993 ٽһ
һˣ
ͻһ仰ڳˣȫһڴ뵽һ壬뵽ľǡ֣һ뵽ǾԶ˳ǵһӽ߳ʵ϶϶ǳϴƵģ
ǿĽ磬һƣ
ǲǻ֮
ʨɽü䣬Ȼżɻ֮ɫǣҲ˻ǿ
벻һ壬Ȼ˻šܻ˵ţͻĶͻɫǳƣҧгݵ˵û棬߳جεĿʼ
ûǵĻǰߣʨɽȵվס
ȻȻ֮ǰƵʣŲӣʨɽɫѿ˵ĻǰˣȻҲȻ硣
ʨɽ׼֮ʱ˴Ľ紦˳ȴǸϴӿµıˣһ߳㿴ϣܷӦһҪصȥ
켴˿ܻ۾һƿ˾һ㣬æܻȥܻǽ˵ɫʵᷣʲô
ܴҳϣȴָųϣͼӴ׵˵߳ϣˣֶ۸ңҪ̤ƽǱһ壬Ǳһڽ¡
⻰һڳˣȫЦܻŭŴۣɱŭȵССұһ壬ھɱ㣡
ܻ˵žҪ֣ɽ߳ˣ߳˴Գˣˡ
еķӦ޼塢ԳȵڳԹļʮˣȫԼĳϸ״Ŀȫָϡ
ʱ򣬴ھòԾˣΪô򵥣ܻ᷵ľҲٻų֣Ҳˣǣ˶ǳĬأϸΧ
ʱͻ͵ᷣᷣɿСˣҲһˣ
ĸ֣ԺＴ̸ֳСݼ⺷򱬵Ļ棬һ۾תСݼȴûлش
ͻûлشתͷˣ˼᷶û˵ʲôҲѧĿ⿴Сݼ
Ļ棬ͻͻȻӿǿҵĲ֮УȴҲתͷСݼñʵСݼأ
СݼĴǣ˵ɱˡ
飡
ոոСݼĻشֱӲȣ͵صڵأﻹ˵ţСݼں˵Щʲô㲻Ҫ˵
̡
СݼţȴǱʨɽһץ˹ȥյؿڣ˵ֶŮûҪһ̱Ǹо϶ˬ
裬СݼȵСݼϽľųϵǸ˵ղǺ˵ģ
̣Сݼûк˵ұһģһʮˣȫɱġСݼ⻰ɫ־嵽㣬Сݼ屻𣿡
̣ɱˣ˭۸ŪŰɱˣֻһ³ɱɽ壬ڱʬ޴棡
СݼȻɱ
տ־Ҳ˵һ仰ֻǲͣˣˣˡ
ʨɽҲûĵޱȣ˶ЦȻǲСݼĻȷҲǣûۼʶ˭Ὣһ֮ʵأ
ǵĿЦʧˣΪǿԼˣأܻʵֻᷣӣ˵öĲɣ
᷵˵ͷǵģģɱ˲ɱ˲һʮˣ
ܻɴۣŴ죬ȴ²һ˴Լõ϶ĻشҲҪྪжྪ㵣ǰӣҵʨɽֲһ͡
ͻȴ͵һԾȥ˵ɱСӣҪһ壬𣡡
֮ʱͻֻʮ֮࣬ͻٽһֱۣͻرˢˢնϣҽУӲͻĺ
ʨɽڵˣɳѪȫڵ
ٽһ
ϱСڣٴ̤ǰͻȫܸܽղŷʵųϣ˫һӱѪ죬ȵǻХ£
ͻĹͷ֨֨춯ĽȫצޱȣﻹðݣǺ̶ϣҪ˺ҧ
ͻĺһ֮䣬ȻֹͻѾǻ˽֮ӣ˲䱻иһ˿飬ƯڿУû£ѪҲһڿС
ȴպߵʨɽǰʵ㣬Ҫס𣿡


994 ʨͼڣּɫ
ǻ֮ӵİƷͼʦͻѾõǿХ¡ǲͻǿͼս֮£ȴǺԤ׵أϢأͱиһ˿顣
һĻ̫죬Ҳ̫Ѫȣ˶סһûУǲУ
ֻСݼ۾ʮֵ˷ܣʵ̫ǿˣͻǲľųϣȴȻֵô˳֣Сݼ֪ϲûг֣ڿнһε
и֮
ߣӲѱиˣ
ǣǵȳϻҪǿǣǵʵ൱½ϵ𣬻ǳ
ʨɽվڳϵǰҲǣҲǡ
ʨɽûоԵĽǰӵ£ƾǿͼڣҲܹ׽ͻնɱֽŶһ£ܽͻһ˿飡
ˣ˲ãΪʨˣǾʨһСһη־£֮£Ѿˣ־ߣԼȫʧɨأǾʨҲܴӰ죬Ľӱңʨ壬ߣ̣ȥ
Ȩһ£ʨɽΣ˲ã
ʨɽһת֮󣬶ų˵£Ǿʨʮʨɽ˵仰ĿģһĴͼ֮һţסϣһǱԼ֣һǾϣܻ
ֱӽʨɽĻˣֻ˵Ҳ˭ֻ㣬˻ǲˣ
ʨɽɫһͣʨү֣߳ȥ˭棿ǰȻһ٣ٶսϡ
Ȼзŭޱȣʨɽ˵£ʨ壬ֻҪʨ壬ڳˣҸ°鷳Ը˵ɣ֪ǷԸ⣡
ʨɽ⻰϶¶ֲȻɫԳȻԹޱȣǣȴھʨĲ壬ϼ˾ʨĻǻ治ҶԳôǶãʨɽôźӵˣ϶ͬ⣬ϾʨǿĴͼ֮һ
Ȼȴǵ˵ǲˣұȫ㣡
ϻ£ʨɽɫ˲ȵҶ֣ɱʨɽסյĲӣѾճָۡ
ȷ
۾һȻ֮ɫȻ˳ֶûͽͻɱţǿʨɽлʤϣңҲϣܻʤΪð˾ʨһ壬һѣ
ʨɽȵȻȷ·һ·ǳһ·ʨɽ˵Ȼһʨֱҧȥͬʱʨɽһһ˫ʨצϮ˳࣬ʨצ֮ϣŲӲӽ⣬ɢӴܣ
ͻ쳣ͣʨɽ˵һ·
˿ʨɽ֣һ־Увɾ̾ȻǾʨǣٿʱȴϵǣһĨЦ
ﲻһǡʱֶһֻʨ
ʨɽڣȫľȻˣʨɽδȴú㵽˭ô۳Ҿʨһͼڣ
䣬ԪҺ۳ʨһצ̽£ֱʨɽ۳ʨĵ÷飬ʨȻ£ҧסʨɽϮص֣
ֻáꡱһ
ʨɽֱ֣ҧˣ
ҽƿԪҺ۵ʨһʨɽؿڣʨɽֱߵڿз˹ʨɽж¡
Χͼ峤ϣʱ䣬˱ŵȫ췽ҹ̷𾪣ӵӾȻ۳ʨͼڣʨͼڲʨɽͼڣһʨɽɴˡ
ǲ֪ʱҲ𾪣ʧȥ۾ֱֱŸղŴʨɽĶǿ鶫Ϥޱȡ
һǿ鶫ֱɵ˳ϵ
Ȼһƣ
ɫƣ½õɫƣ״Сȫһֻ֮ϵͼƲһ
𾪣羪ΣĴųİ
ͼڴ½½֮䣬ʲôϵΪʲôɫƣȴ½ִͼڴ½ɫСڳһɫƣʲôԿף
ʣʱǧȴûһд𰸣
һֱ̤̤ʨɽǰ˵鶫ʲôģ˵һ˵նһǧ˿飡


995 󱦲أҪ
ϿɫƣֹסؼΪҵ˺ɫƣֺܻᷢɫŵܣǣͼڴ½кɫƣ½ҲкɫƣǾ˵ȷʵܹͼڴ½ص½
һ㣬óϼóϸǣͻһͻ룬ǲɫƣͨɫƣܹҵؼҵ·
룬ݵģ½кɫƣǾ˵ɫƴ򿪵Ǽпܾϵ½
ʨɽǾɱҵĻһѣͻһ˿Ѫ⣬ڿУʨɽǲųϸҽնһǧ˿顣
ԣʨɽʵĸҶԱ֣
ûжĻֱһָʨɽұֻۣá顱һʨɽֱʯѣʨɽΧ˵һֱۣһٰʮ飡
ʹ˲Ϯʨɽȫʹʨɽ˵
ţ
ʨɽæҡͷѣ۾ﾡǿ־壬ҡҡš
˵
˵ͨɫƣܹõһ󱦲أ
󱦲أ
üͷ˴ʵ̫ͳˣ˵벻˵ûʲôֱرǰỹС˵֣С˵Ǿп棬ҲпǼ١
󣬳ʵɫƣɫһжٿ飿
֪Ҳ֪Ĳ֪
ǴʲôطõɫƵģ
ʮǰҴèһСģʱҲǣ˵ɫƵ䣬˵󱦲ʲôʲô֪һŭ֮£ͽǸСɱɾˡ
ʨɽشѾҪѯȥ·ˣ˵֮ʨɽؿųϣûʹɱ֣Ҫʨɽʨɽá
һ˵ðɣֶһɣ½Դ½֮ȥѰҺɫƣ
ͬʱҲţʲôµĺɫƣ൱һ½ѰңǸͲܽɫƸ룡
ϻɣɫǲֲֻ½᲻ỹе֪Ĵ½
߰ɡ
ϲȥʨɽСݼСݼַգںӵһȺߣջ˵ţСݼ㴳´ˣһ֮
̣İɣдڣһͲ۸ˡСݼ˵˵Ҳֻһˣ˽ǵ˼ʮͼ壬лоʨ壬Сݼ˵һܵеס𣿡
ǲֻһҲҪǿҲսҲҪսԸ⵱Ըⱻ˼衢Ū
Сݼһõ˳ϼͬϵĵģһԼԸ٣Ը⵱ĻֶͨΣҲȲǡ
СôЩǿͼƴɱǴﵽƷͼʦϾʨһ壬˵˼ҵƷͼʦ򲻹ôȥսôȥƴɱ
СݼҲòݸıʵųϣ͵ع£˵˴һСݼָı֮ǰھͻȻӿǹ
ϽŲͣ£˵Ҫˣһȥһڳʱ֮ڣգȫܽѹһ¡
ˣСݼڣ
ܴ壿
һ仰ʵؼĲλСݼ֪ڣһŷ˼Ĳ٣Щ˶һȺˣڣûʲôȨȨĳ峤ȣͬ˿ɶǣЩΪԼܹٻ󣬻רѡŮԣ֮֡
Сݼûгʱ˼֪ʧʧһݣӲ˵ܣ
ã
³һ֣СݼһоǹӴгֿϲ֮ɫ󣬳ֱӴСݼ̤նУһפأձҪȳСݼȴͻȻڿеʵסˣ֪˵κá
տųϵӰ֪ΪΣͻһƬ
ҪΪʼͼڴ½Ȼ˼ƻĵһƵҩ壬½ͷһֱŰ֮ʹаиûʱȥƵҩһࡣ
ʱͼڴ½պһᡣ
ϱҪԼǳΪٵҩֻһݣˣ֪Ҫȥռڳٵϲʧ
ȻٵζҩɷħҩȴǼˡ
ߡ֮£ϴǺܿ͵һ壬ͬʱһɱ˲ųϣʮ˵ϢѾȥ
ת֮䣬˽֪
һ壬ʱƮҡ֮
ȴǿʼһ


996 Ȩ嵤
ǮҶǮζһǮѩݣػơ
ţϿŻ¶ȣŲҩľȷݵҪķҩ˳򣬼ں϶ȵȵȡ
֮һɵζƣª
嵤ɣ
һڵ㣬Цˡ
嵤˼壬Щ½ϣ嵤ͽ׵һƷҩѣһ̷ʲô⡣
ǣ˵ǿɾһμĿ飬ͨ飬ǱһĽ֣
ʼˣҪƳ嵤ôҲػʮϰٴΣƳ嵤л嵤⣬ų嵤еʵȵȡ
ȴһΣƳɹ
ң䵤ҩţһŵҩֳʮֵĻһ嵤Ҳܵøŷ֣
˽Ҫԭ򣬵һεµĵʼǣϸһж˵ڶԴڳϵʵǿʵóϾȷؿҩ¶ȵȵ
û˶ƣҪﵽĲǾŷ֣ҲǾŵŷ֣ʮ֣
ϳʱһȴڷž춯䣬һĳϺ峤ˣûеõκϢֻǶСݼܹоǳȡ
СݼһܾۼͬΪ塰ͬˣ
󣬾ۼСݼͬˣǧˡ
ǧ˿࣬һĶʮ˱ǧٵÿ
СݼʹǧŴ־ˣΧ峤Ϻ峤סǿ峤Ϻ峤ŭȻͼǰûκελǣһĶϣҲǸ߸ϣžԵĿȨԣǺȵСݼҪ·𣿡
ӽǾͲϣ
󵨣ˣСݼ£
СݼһЦϣ峤ϣȴΪ룬֮ˣȺˣƾˣͲ䵱峤ϣ
һȵСݼ˵֤ݣ
ǰΪȥһ٣ǰΪԳȥ٣һǰΪʨȥ١
Ѫˣ
п־֮ɫűһԾȥҪСݼնɱڵСݼŷϣһЦ飬Ҫɱ𣿡
棬·ߣ
棬кߣ
Сݼһ£һȭȥϻΪ⣬ƷͼʦֻƷͼʦСݼǻֵȻȫжϴСݼֱһȭϵԴˡ
ڳ𾪣ȫȻǰʵСݼȴǶ峤˵ѡҪôλҪô˵꣬Сݼʣ³ɱȥɱĳϣȫһͬ·ɫ
˲ɱˣ峤ˣȫ׵ôˣСݼȭͷѾ쵽ǰôʱﻹѡأֻͶСݼ˽峤Ѻ
Ѹײڶ֮ƣСݼѪֶΣ߲㣬³Ϻ峤ϷӴ֮󣬰СݼΪһ峤
𾪲ѣ
ڶգСݼǧˣڳסª֮⣬ˡ
ûСݼ˵ֱ꣬ӽһѵҩӳ˵ҩÿ̷һţ
ǧ˿ǰŵĵҩĿڴСݼеġˡжη壻ǧû̷ǻŹǡ
ɰСݼԥ̷ֱ¶ǣ
ʱʹȫСݼҧס죬һСݼĸţСݼʹ࣬ŭҪª
Сݼȴȵվס˭Ҳ׼Ҷҩ̷ˣ
峤ⵤҩ
Ҫøǿ̷
Сݼǳϣ֪Ѿûлͷ·ˣֻһ·ȥСݼ̹һʹʱ̣оӿһ˸ͬԼ
СݼǿҪ£ǧ̷嵤һʱ䣬ҽ˷
ûȥª֮嵤嵤Ʒʣʮ֣һһҹ˽嵤
ǰϾΪ׼ڸжռ˲Щͨҩݡ
ϵһĿ꣬ϴ赤
ǧˣСݼĲ̼֮ͣ£Ȼȫ߹嵤ʹ࣬ྡǧˣȻҲǸоӵı仯оӴ
ǣªɳһ似ֱСݼУʮ֮ڣ޴£Ҫң
Сݼϲȥ
ͬʱ峤ǰҵŭޱȣϾųϴһʿһ壡


997 ҩʮ֣
һСͼڴ½ϣٹ̡
ԣ峤ǰҵųϵһ⣬ΪһʿѾ㹻һ£ɸɾ
ӲפأһأԲʿٶȣʮӡ
Сݼõ似֮󣬰ͼΣҹԼյĥţһ˿иվΨһᣬһҪץסεץס
似ǳϸСݼ˵רΪһ似һоʽʽϿ򵥣ȴǲ򵥣Ҫ£Ҳôף
ЩûкϹһۣϢһӣ
һ˵ҲǼȽϿ飬Գ˵ȴ˿ûָоٿܺЩֱҪʹأ
˵ҪΪơٵȻǶʮ㣬ٱ
ңƵҩԳϵĺôҲкôرǿ棬ϱ;ȷĿһ¥ǱڶɵҲ
ЩƵǣĿξȷ׼ҲǲܽҩƵʮ־磬ֻܴﵽŵţϱϴ赤߿˼š
ϲ֪ǣ½ܽҩƵŷֵʦǾǶʦĴڣھŵţǸ֮٣ڷëһࡣ
ֻһߣһߣǲʲôط
һޱȵؽϴ赤ҩݣΰǸڿеͨ¯֮У¯֮µĻ¶ȣƵǡô
ҩ֭֭ڣҪεǣԺһҩҩƶɣƹУҩľĵҩȻеҩ֮㣬ȴûио᲻ԭʹõҩʮ֮أ
֮£ϱ㽫¯֮Уһӿ룬ʱڽ˵ҩ֮У
켴ɣ
˵¯һǹһĨЦ⣬ϴ赤Ȼȱ
ͻأСӰٴֱܹеϴ赤븹Уҧá֨֨죬һܵӣԳ˵ţóԣҪһЩ
ֻҪϲҶ
õˡ
Сڵһ֮ǿЦãҪǺ˵Ļ½ϵĵ𡢻ʸǵˣǴҲͬ⡣
ӣƼ
תۼ䣬ʮʱѵһ磬Сݼٴδǧˣ˫ϥª֮ǰÿ˵飬ޱȣʮʱѾ㹻֪ԼѾ˷츲صı仯ǿ׳˵þʽҲޱȡ
ǵģˣ
ˣѾһˣɱʱ岻
ٴνϴ赤˵ⵤҩóʱԻ֣ǣϣǲҪҳ֣Լ˸ϳȥ
ǣˣСݼס
Сݼϴ赤ʱһɱһ̷嵤ʹʹϮȫСݼҧ˫ʹ֮УоԼ壬һαǿǰڵҲŵҩ֮ȫá
Ҳƴסʹ࣬ʱ̣к
ʱһɱһ·ɱ˽չǵײɱЦţǲ³Ӵ֮ͼڴ½Ҳûһ壡
ͬһ˲䣬Сݼ˽ϴ赤ȫȻس鴤ţ飬ȴСݼڵҺ˫Ѫ죬Ϲ֮󣬴ǧɱ˳ȥ
ѪأʬҰСݼˣɢŨɱʿҲоǧˣ˲һȴȻûзϣͼڣ
ɱ
Сݼһɱǧɱڵȥ
ССӣΪԼϻˣһǧ죬ӵ˵ӭСݼͷϲ֮Ӱѳʵʻˣ
СݼһԾ˫ȭʵӰõһʽ
ڲ˶ΪСݼԲѰ·
Ȼһ˲䣬һˣһ
Сݼ˫ȭֱʵӰ÷飬ţһ£ȵõڶʽն
ʱǧӣԴм䣬ն룡
Сݼĺɱסһʱزô˻ᣬСݼǧˣɱȥ
ҽ
УСΣڿգ
˿СڣЩûвսģȥĤ
СȴգһŵҩǶ
˵ţ飬Ǹʲô·ǧڶ̶ʱڱǿԭһ
еСڣأһɨ


998 Сڷ
ȻСݼ̷嵤ϴ赤ʮ졶þʽͼսǣϾ̫ˣʱƴɱУʱƴɱȴΪ̣
һʿΪ޷ڸտʼ˸̶ֲʱڣʧ˽ǧˣСݼ˰٣ƴɱļ峤ųϵĺֶ֮£ȶս־Ͷһ弫Ϊ
Сݼǵˣôһ㣬һһѪСݼЩˣȴûֳʱԱʵ峤ʲôʱŻ֣
ҪŴˣҪԼǰǶòһ岻սʤģ㿴жٲǵ˸óֵʱȻ֡
Сݼ˵ַ꣬ɱȥ
峤ųѾСݼǧ˵죬ֻҪСݼնɱĹƣͻ᲻ƣˣɱСݼ
ʱСԺСڣְɣѪҲˡ
СӦһδӿ£ٵǰһֻţ϶ͷȥ翴зŵֻӣҲڰ䱸ԣǿСڣһʱȫǻˣӻɽɴСĲǣһʹ̽צһʹХ¡ֱϮСڵ
ƾèĹ򣬻Ҹ̶Բ
ϵԺص־֮ʱСڵġýšǵԴϣ켴ϵƬƬѿ̲Ѫ⡣
һĻˣȫˣ
ʿȴѪԱץסֻӣΪ峤Ͼųϱ𣡡
ɱˣΪϱ𣡡

ǵضСſ죬СС죬ŵúôô󣬱ڻҪ󣬲ʿֱʱС³һ
һɿ磬ƽŰȥ
ʣµĲʿһվȣڵأŰȿӹ֮󣬲һˣʬ壬ǻˣȫʬ޴棡
СݼˣĿɿڴڵСݼ֪Сڵǿȴ֪СھȻǿ󣬾ʱСڷϿУһƬʹâ֮У˵Ժһ仰˾ãȶȣຣѹ֮ϣȵǿǰŬһ壬ͼڴ½ˣȽǣ
ڵϵСݼ۾⣬ߵף˵ּ⣡
ԣȻ񣬸Ͻ˵
֮СӰʧصƻǵĳϻУ˵ݵúòáϴȰһЦСһƵʮ־ĵҩ
棬ҵѾȫʧÿ˵۾ȫɢŲù⻪Ŀ⾫ģǼҲֱֱͦȫһ仰һ壬ͼڴ½ˣ
Сݼ˵ľò֪Ӵ֮һ彫츲صı仯彫ǰǸޱȣֻ塣
Сڵġ񼣡ҲðЩ𾪣ϽϢ˳ȥ
Сݼӳϴʮ嵤ȫʣҿƵҩһһģһ¯üٿͬʱƣ
µʱ䣬ڣǣҪģǸıԼԼøǿºԶ壬սֻʤܣ
ǣˣ
ϲһ󷨣ļľӵأȫ
ǰҵõһʿȫûϢȻŭΪһ嶼ˣѾ½͵㣬Ц
ǰҵϴˢ裬һŭ֮£ʮʿɱһ壬ҪһΪƽأȻȲǰҵɽԽĻأȴ֣Ǳһϵס岻ȥֻǻ
ӣǰҵŭ𣬸ȼˣ˭ƿϣͣ˵ʱͿɷͼ֮ҩ֭ƿ
֮£˷ˣӿ
һơ
ҲԽԽ󣬾塢塢ˣҲˣ
ַ죬棬СݼˣȴڲͣҩͣþʽΪǸ˵Σÿ˶ٱ
νǵ׽̥ȵȵҩȥʮ˵壬ɿ½Ĵڣ
̥ˣϵ֮ҲԽԽϵҩݣҲ˴֮£һգ
ǺϽСݼСݼ׼ҩݣСݼϽ˵ҩݵͼ˼κ󣬶Գ˵ˣһ壬һ˵ҩĴ˵
ʲô˵
ʵСݼĻشȴóϵ𾪡


999 촫˵
˵ͼþͼڴ½ҩ֮棬յҩ
գҩ
ʣƴ޾ԭΪҩ첻ҩȴû뵽ھȻһ˵
Ҫεȴڵҩգϴʱû䵱һ˵Ծֱȴ˵˵飬ã˵пġ
ҩҲգϴӳҲһ˵˵Ϊ񣬱ǿΪգջ治ʲôصĶôණƣ
ȻΪܣҩܣҲӦܣǷӦܣͼڴ½ô򵥣յĴڣô˼򵥣Ժ˲ʣСݼڼ˵ţ˵һ嶼óҩ֮壬ܾúܾǰҩʦȴ֪ʲôԭˣҩʦûˣ˵ҲʧˣֻʣΪ壬ҪżȻһƵĹϿҲͲ֪˵
ֱأϸоһıľı
ͼڼ֮أȥ

Сݼųǰжȥ˴ʱŵͼڼ֮أڳУ֮Ӧׯޱȣɳǰļ֮أȴҪжá
һƲݷһùһҳ˳ޱȵ񣬾ͼ֮أϿһУüͷǰͼ֮أǲġ
ʱСݼɻڶ𣬡ˣһⲢһͼڼ롣
˵
ΪСݼǲƹϣһֻ֮òſڵϣһ׸ģվŵģõǰ棬һҩ޵Ĵڣϧϰ벿ͼûˣܿõȫ񡣡
ƹأ
ˡ
ˣЩ벻ףҪĶȻˣСݼɫãæ͵ˣƹú֣õĵ죬˯֮ǰҶǵãƹͷҵͷ֮£峿һƹͲˣҲŴˣҸ֮Ǽٵġ
ü˼֮ɫʱΪ˵аٷ֮ʮĿܣģҪȻôһƵĹŹ
ż֮أҪ֤˵Ǽ٣һܼ򵥵ķ
ˡСݼһӾͼޱˣûȥֱ˵ڲʺսˣŮһ˵ª֮⡣
ǣˡ
Сݼһٴιڵأߵ˵˶£һûСݼ֪αˣСݼԸ⡭
㲻öҸж£ǱǿΪҪΪ£ԣ֮䣬˵һֽס
ǣСݼ֪˵ѡкܶ࣬ȴѡһ壬˴Сݼģ۴ʲôСݼƴɡСݼ緢һ˵
ȥأ
ֻҪ˲ϵػţСݼҲ޻ڣңСݼڴ˵ģСݼСݼͻСݼСݼ
Сݼ˵úϣϿСݼ˵˵棬һ彫Ϊǿͼ塣
ллˡ
ЩԺҪȥѰҡϽٵζҩͼΣ۳ɱ񣬸Сݼǰ̶ǺɫƣУޣĹͷҲСݼˡ
СݼЩԿԺӡ
⣬ռͼڴ½йҩʦϣи֮أֵĵطעһ¡
ǣˡ
ϻСݼȥúŽ˵
ڶ죬СݼһˣͷģȻգմʱҲٸǰ㵨Сģ۾˿һ˿СڣϹȥ
ûкǶԣȥ
ǳ֤Ǹ˵αһҩ츳˵ҩر֮УǴ˵ͺп档
һ֮󣬱ܿЧ
Ͽĥҩһˣ˽ۡ
һ֮󣬸պ
Ĵ֮⣬ԽԽ࣬ǰҵﶼǱף뾡˰취ˮʯңãǰϵУ˵ó˽ۣһǳĽ磡
ǰҵۣͣȥѰרƳǰҵݺȽһƣҪһ壬йͷ֮ޡ
УҪϵ⣬һ˫۾綾һ㣬壡


1000 ҩ츳ɱ
һ֮󣬳߳ªңһĳɹ
һֱҩݣóϺ𾪣һȫ˿ؽҩȫֱ˳Щҩ˵½ǳͼڴ½ȴǺټһڣȫֱ볣˱Щͬ
ڶҩĿƣһٴչֳǵڲͬȻûгǰǿʵǿƵľȷȣҲܴﵽٷ֮ʮرգȻﵽٷ֮ʮϣ

һûг𾪾ĳϾֻ죻ǣȻʮڷʮ֮嵤رգ츳Ǿˣ嵤Ȼܵһ˷ֻ֣Σ˳
ţĸͼ嶼УģϰˣҲ̫ˣƺ츳֮⣬ͣ
ţǰ˷ŵǰֻŵˣ϶Ҫֻˣ
һ
϶˵ڳڵ֮еգعϽ£˿̣ҲͬСݼһˣģܹһ壬߳۷塣
ͬʱ֮⣬һЩԽоˣŵƳѰԸķȥƳȫвͨЩһ֮˵ܹƳǣǳ֮󣬶һԹ
ǰҵ仰һ뷨ҴԳ˾£Գ˿϶û侮ʯͬʱ˴Գ壬Բܲá
˼ȥ֮£ǰҵԼ֣ǰҵʿʩչȺͼս
Ⱥ£
ʿͼ֮ת£ʩչ˲䣬ͼ֮ӿʿɫһƬ԰ףһӴޱȣƱգֱ߰ɣʵʵĲӰ˵Ͽո̶ײηϣ
һײûб¡ըΪϸպó˴ǵӰֱ˽ȥǰҵ״¶Цһӣȵ壡
䣬ǰҵͿһֻʩʩȻ̤˾޴Ӱǰǰҵ⣬ɻȴ˵ССӣڲǰƣϽ
𡪡
СһХſ죬һڽʵӰ˸УһĻ棬֮ˣһҲǲǰҵжʱ־庮⣬ſָ͵¶ֱ׳ļצݺݴ̽ԼĴ֮У
ʿþȫͼ֮۳һֻǣȻһֻСӣˡ
˾ˣһ壬ȴսⰻȻ
СݼŽʮˣɱڳɱСݼһսıָ֮ǡþͼ֮ʿֻգۼ䣬ɱǰ
ǰҵʮˣƤ͵һӿǿҵĲ֮Уһ֮ˣŮ֮ؽ쿴ǵıȲʿǿ׳
Ȼв֣֮ǰҵȴڰοԼǿҲûãͼսڲͼսǰȫǲһ
ֻϧǰҵİοһ˲䣬羵ơ
Сݼ˽ħѵµġþʽкޱȣǰȫһűֽһ㱡֮ơ
ǰҵסˡ
Χˣסˡ
ȫȻףôδ˾ͱ
СȴڿУһſŵҩҧá֨֨죡
Ȳǰҵعʣ˳ɱȥԮ֮ʱΧɱˣڶ̶ʱ֮ڣѾɱʣ޼
һ̣˭ţǰЩɱ֮ˣ˳ˣ
ǰҵ״Ͻóɱȥͣ£ǰҵߵǰ棬ȵ峤ͼ˳ңӣһ͡
ûȲǰҵ˵꣬Сݼʹϵͼ˳Ѿ峤ˣ峤ңǰҵʲôƨҪŵģ
㣡
ǰҵɱŨһᣬҲһ壬Ȼһ壬Ӵ
ҲһᣬŲ壬Чһ壬Сݼʾ
ǰҵЦ˿ԣһŮˣһֻӣҲҷŵóǰҵЦ꣬˵Ҵ
ɲ䣬ǧˣţǰ
Сݼ˵ıʱ˫Ѫ죬ȫɱйǰҵȴЦ˵֪ǣǰʲôܡ
ɱ
Сݼȳһ֣̤ȥӢˡ
һߣмӰ彻սĻ֮ʣ˽ȥһֱϵª⣬˰죬⼸ӰҲȥȴըһ𣿡


1001 ŵʵߣ˭ҲȲ
𣿡
ǶӰپתҪ񱼣һתͺݺݵ֮ϣֱǹͷɢܣӵףª֮ǰ
ĸͼģΪ
ҪɱɱϤ㣬ǿеõϢûţ˱ֵúӲһӣִ洫˳գ⼸˾ͽˣʵҸղŽƵЩ
ǣˡɫ鶯ܿͼᶨΪ壬Ϊ˲˵һҪá
ڵϵˣ⻰ӿƲסһ
ª֮УۿԶһд˳֣巢ôķޱ䣬㲻һ£ҵҪ˭ڸıʷ˭ô꣬Ȼɶļӣ
Ȼûлָǰ۷״̬ǣлһˣǱϷˣûиȥţֻҪı仯ڷֻҪͻ壬ЩĻˣͲԶȥ
½дܣ֪Ļʲôͷţ񣬽һˣоνͼ֮Ҫ̽ͼ֮һʲôĴڣøʵƳ½õĲԪԪĴڡ
ͬʱСݼȳɱ֣Ųɱǰҵ۾Ŀ⣬ȵСݼΪһ峤Ȼͬεºܵ峤أ
һ壬Ҫϵػͼڴ½ѪǱȻģǰѾнһǧʿΪ˸죬ˣգҪҲΪѪΪ˸
Сݼһϯ˵꣬˵ȫѻȸСݼֺȵǣǵֵܽǱɱ˵Ǹô
ɱ
òΪǱ𣡡
𣡱𣡡
Ǿͱеǵ޾ŭȫйڲϡɱ
ɱ
СݼһȣŽʮˣɱǰ
ǰҵû뵽Сݼ˺ģвȫûãû뵽СݼȻвɹʿͨղŵ£Ѿ֪ʮˣܲ򵥣ʿпܲǶ֣ʤˣ϶ҲǲʤʤԶص˵൱Σյһ飬һСģͻᱻ̲壬飬ʵ̫ˡ
ԣǰҵϽܱȭ˵λֵǣԸ⿴ŴҶŰ˰ɣǿˣΪŹ𣿡
ܸͼˣ˼
ǰҵ״ȴ˵ңڶ̶̵֮ڣǿ󣬴Ҳܳһ壬еĶҷֺȡǿı֮⣬Ҳһ廹ǧҩͼڱң
ĶˣΪһǧҩͼڱңΪ̥ͬǵıǺһͼһͼˣվ˳
СݼĿ⣬һɨɭ˵˭֣һ֮Уһ壬ǻپȫ֮Ҳɱ֮
Сݼǰ˵仰϶ţ᣻ǣôʱû˸ҽ仰ϷԣξЩԥ
ıһڵ岢ǿ󣬴һ֣ܽһȫ𣻴ҽǲ֣ǿǾǸԼһ
ǰҵôϻҪˣ͸Ͻ˳壬ΪȥͬͷҾһСݼ˵ţȴ۹۾·˷
ǰҵСݼһ仰ŭСݼˡ
仰Ҳ˵ġ
СݼᣬɱȥʿͳĲʿȴȫʿٱʿĶ֣СݼһŮþʽʩչһܵס·
ΧԽԽľҸղûг֣ҵͬʱǵǣǿѾɱ⣬ָദأ
Сݼǰҵɱȥˣǰҵĺ۵ĿͽҲСݼɱҪСݼնɱСݼȻ壬˵ǰҵˣ˭ҲȲ㡣
ӻףʲô
ʱиһųʨӰһըʨ峤ס֣
ǰҵϽס֡
Сݼûס֣ûȥ
˿СݼΪŭСݼҪһɣ
ǰҵаЦţСݼҲʨ֮
Сݼص˵˭ҲȲ㣡Ǿʨ壡
ǰҵɫһͣЦ
УСһ߽ҩӵһǳųʨȥʨӵԺһѹ̵ε𣿡


1002 һ䣬
ֻԡǶӣǳ򵥣
ڳ˵Ĺʶ
Ƕһ˿ңʨʹߣֻܽ£رǲǰҵǿʨ˫ʨʹߣܹ˺⣡
ʱʨʹΪԺɣ
ʹ벻ףֻӵôܹԺСȴǰһ£ʨʹ߱𣬺ȵʨŭѣ
ʨʹߵ˫֣âһʨצ֣ţʮâڿУֱСͷزȵλȥ
֮ˣâ֣¶ϲΪӣֻܽӱ֧Ĵڣ
С¶м֮ɫ£͸ҾâھʨʹߵԴϣֱʨʹڵϣͷꡱͣѪֱ˫ڡ˰죬ҲûСڡ
˴ʧɫ˫ʨͼھʨҲս⺷ķ֧壬֪ȴвֻӵһ֮
Сڳ˵Ŀ⣬һˣ۾һ˿ɻ
ǰҵûɵһ˷ܣʨ屻ڵأǰҵһʱ뵽ˣһ϶ܲʨŭ
˷ܻû߷崦ǰҵͱǰʵ˻ҰʿΧɱСݼʮ֮࣬ڣ˭㣿
ɱңûôףؼ£
ǰҵ˫ȭɳɴСĲǣֱСݼСݼһȣõʽǣ
켴Сݼ˫֣סʵӰǡ
䱻СݼסСݼǰҲ¶һĿյǰҵһЦǣǱͻϮצֱҪץסСݼŸ
ʱСһХ
ʱǰҵвʿȫһͣһ֮䣬ĴɱУڲʿϣСݼתв֮Ӱ󣬽еȫȭͷ֮ϣ
õһʽ
ʱֱ۴ضҵʹòǰҵȻлعǵͷ֮䣬ȴǷ֣һֱֻۡ
СݼֶһѪǰҵҽУСݼȴ
ˣսʤѶ
Ⱥףذɣһ壬һս£
ˣСڵĿХ֮ɻ֮ɫŨˣûг֣ǽţ
ʱ֮ս
Сݼ뻹ʣ¾ˣվѪ֮УȭȵҲǰôǴڿʼ˭ˣһ嵱ض⵽һķ񱨸ӣλͼڵ˷ŻΪޣ֮˽֮䣬Ը
˵꣬СݼʰսСڵĿ⣬ˡҲյⲽȥˣȴ͵һһԸƵƵͷ֮󣬼ȥ
СݼʰսƷʨʹߵʱ˵СݼΪһ壬Ҫܹ˳ھʨһ壬˵һ
Ⱦʨʹ߽˵꣬СݼһŲԴϣֱӸȳһŴѪ
սȴûж뿪ڿ壬СݼǾ仰һӦȫˣС˵峤ΪӮ˲壬б½ΪսʵǿЦ
ĻԻͣҲ꼻һְˡ

ǵ֮УСݼžʿª֮⣬˵ªңѾȡͼڼ֮أΪªһá
ˣСݼҲ
дѵ
ϵĻôļ̣ӳȥģԼս֮ȫʺһű֮СݼֻһּۣϽглѣֻȥ
һս֮󣬷ƽ˾
˭֪ƽ˾֮£ӿÿһȫһ
⣬ûжȥÿ춼бˣɫأѯŵռǸСʵˡ
ˡ壬ҲвĿġ
ʨһ壬Ѱʨĸڣ˭ˣǾҪܵʨĳͷ
ھʨǰеˣѡ˾ʨ塣
ǶΪǿҲǾʨĶ֣ţֻ֣֮
ͬʱʨɳʮ򾫱Ҫ塣
׷ţѣڣȴһƬ·СݼˣҹĥŴ˴󷨣ӦԸӶӵľơ
ѵ࣬ȴһ˽ʹȫٱĸǣԴ˶ϲһ壬սʤ֮⣬ıСڣֻá
ª棬ͼ֮𣿡


1003 ʣ㲻
Щоǧӵͼ֮ˣͼҪѣŻӵͼ֮ھ֮ǰ۶ôǿͼڣӵͼ֮֮ʱڲͻб仯֮Ǿͻᰴ仯תͼ֮ͻԽԽǿͼ֮γͼڲӰӰʵӰ߽ײʱõͼǿܹͼڡ
ͼڴ½ˣʲôѣ֮ʱı仯ʲô뵽һЩȴû½ۣŪľӭжˣҲ²ǰ㣬Ҳпҵɽ֮ĹҵԽǿˡ
ϸձˣЩҪˡ
Ͻ̸յĶ֮ڵţŵĶûһ֣ȴҲϰȻʹȴֲصĶ
˾ܲʹ࣬ˡ

ս˽ȥ켴뿪ڵҩˮҲʵָЩǿͼˣҩҲǿ󣻾ͬˣͼڱǿʵ̫ˣƵĶ֮£ȴǺ޷֮ƴ֮⣬ʲôҲˣǰӣҲУһΪͼڴ½ΰҩʦս˫ȭţ뵽ʨɽһһһϲҪǰܵ裬ٱ֮
ª֮ڣڳϽ£ûǣǵӣϸϸ̽ڵоһ壬ʲôͬһ֮̽󣬳۾һĨɫת˲ʧ˵˵֪һУסһС
Ĭ
϶һˣһ˵һѪ⣻ţϿڶˣڶһţ䶯촽ȴû˵ֲ˵һ˵ĺ󳾡
˸Ͻ˵Ƕģ߹ھﱻ裬ǳŭ̽˵Ż
û˵ȥѪ⣬ŵĸ˵Ը˵ʵǼٻ
ҡ
飡
ǱըѪɡ
϶һˣ˵ˡ
峤֪αǿġ
˵ʵ
˵ĶģҾˡô˵ﲻһɣΪϻʹ˷ŹʱĶǶˣ㲻ȥĻô˼أ
˵ľ֮ݻûԾȻϣ顱һٴª
ȫûнڵĲͬҪͼ֤
£ϻСݼ
ˣʲôԸ
ѵô
һ󶼲
õѵս֮С
Сݼһת⣬صˣʹˣΧͼڲ䡣
壬ȥǶһ
ǣˡ
˺ɫ֮⣬ǵռҩݡ鼮κмֵĶǧܴһ㣻УЩҪͼھѵˣǶ⣬ٽÿͼ壬Щûоͼڣͼ֮ˣԴʮ
ǣˣСݼȥ졣СݼûΪʲôȴ˵оɹԺǾͲٵͼ֮ùþˡ

Сݼ𾪣Ȼ֪ͼ֮ζʲôڵʹʮΡʮ֮ڵͼ֮ᱻ֮һգҲʩչͼ֮ȱս֪ҪٱСݼٴιӦԣ֤˵оһУСݼ׼תȥʹһ峤Ͻٴ˵أ峤ݼСݼһȻɱ˲ʮʿǣȴûпΪƾڵ壬ܺԿǼֱࡣ
ˡСݼųϵ˵˭ĵ̣
ĵ̡
СݼشʱףٿһƬȻɫһݣ쳤أðݼǣ
ȥһƬȻжˣʨʮ򾫱ڸ·ϣ岻ú£һ壬Ȼˡ
һˣɫŭޱȣһ˵峤ϣ̫ԲˣƲԳԷƣҶ岻͸ýһȫˣɲǲ
峤ɫҲǲƣȴѹ·ŭ˵䣬ˣǵĿġ
ǡ
ȥ
峤һоˣȥ
ϲûлصªΪ֪Ⱥ˲ǳСݼģǳСڣСšΡӣڳϵĻ
ߵªǰ棬ûϣȫųϻСڣ峤˵㲻һֻӣ


1004 
㲻һֻӣ
峤ƶ˵һҲǵͷͲѣСȴǴһǷ˵ǲӣƨ¶û¶ͱŹɹ̫
һо˵Ժ˾㵲ѡ
峤۾ϲ֮ɫ˵ʲôȴ˻ȥתųϣӸ£һ˿غȵǣ㲻
ǣ㽻ĨȥĴڡ
Ͻ

һ䣬һ䣬ȫûϷֱϵ˳С㣬Ӳǵģ
Ͽ峤ϣ˵ʲô
㻳еġӣ㲻峤ϵ˵һ飬С˵ʱ峤ϻЩϰߣɫ飬ֻǵ˵˵һ𣿡
㻳еӣ㲻
Ҵ˵һ𣿡
峤˵ˣϷ򣿡
ˣ
£վ峤䣬Ҳ̲סеŭֱԾڿУһץֻڿл켣֮ʱȻǳƬָҲڱ仯һۿȥצ
̽צ
һȣצѾ̽ǰ
ƶûһۣȴǶСݼ˵ˣõʽǣ
䣬ʩչʽ
һ˲䣬Ծ䣬ȴǱֱӴӿ£̤ڵأ
СݼеĿ⣬ȫ۽ڳϣڳܽ£˲תɼη壬ȻһʧˣþʽȻ֮󡣡
峤ϿΪҲͫ͵һʵͣѾƷͼʦܽ֫峤Ҳ÷ղŷŭóʮ˸ͬ죬ոյ̽צôҲ͵һУȴֱӱ˼ҵһˡ
ʱ峤ϵӿ𲻰һоʲôͼս峤ϴҲţһһͼսǰһĻȥΰ壬ȻСˣһ壬δ棿
˶٣
СݼСݼɫһͣʵصֻЩо
ʮ־񣬿ˡ
ϸ˵꣬Ծնȵһ΢֮£Уʽ̽צ򣬳ץ
ʽ
Ѹ֣Сݼ۾峤Ҳ۾ֻ֣ǶֻӰӰ˾ֱ˵ϣѹϡ
һϡ
峤ң˹ȥ
Ѿô˵䱻ֻһ⣬ǺٴαܣǾ;Բˣ˵Ǹˣǿʵ
ԣСعȥϻԼžһ壬ǲսʤġ
һʵһأ˶٣
ٵһ㡣
򡣡
˵꣬ٴƮĵӰģӰѹϣǿ׳̺֮ӴҲͬѹôƫƫһֶá
峤е𾪣ʵǰ˵Ǿ仰ʲôٴ˵һһһ
˵峤˵
峤жʾӸڿУȫ˸ɫâ˫˫ŶצҲö౶ֻʮ׳峤ϵڼȴûдϣֻСݼ벻һ£
Сݼ͵һ켴˼˵룡
ǡʱ峤ϿХѿգ
ͬʱСݼ̤ڿУһָоͲ㽫Сݼûﴫѣȴǳ˵úøо
峤򱻳һٶŪ÷ŭǳˣֱӽСݼɱСݼой켣һҲݴ
һ˲䣬ʽֱ峤ϵĲ峤ʮ׵ӣҰڶҪСݼĿƣ˵ǳĿơ
ɼʹ峤Ͻ̵Ҳ˳ȻѲˡ
ܡ峤ѿڶϷһʽѿգԳʮγܵˣôܹܵˣ
Ҳܽˣοһ
㡪
峤ϸ³һ֣ͱݺˤڴ֮ϣСݼڵʧСݼϥڵŸղһʽ
Ҳûȥ֣峤̽ȥ峤ϻŵ㵽ʲôˣϷʲôϷ㣬ϽϷˣ塭
Ѿǽ֮ˣԳϷ򣡡
֮˫һĿ⣬˼˿ֻţ


1005 ͼ
峤ϸоǹζǾţңǣȻǿ󣬵һˣ͵ֿ壡
˭˵ֻһˣϿ˿еСڣϲųһ˿Цݣ峤ȴˣΪ˵һ壬в˵û㣬Ѿˡ
峤ϵͼ֮ʧ峤ϡѾάֲסҪɱĿȴ˵֡״̬Ȼն֫
Գϵв峤ϲаֻɣֱܲӽǾ£Ȼͻնȥ֫峤ǧŭȴͷųһƣֻǿƴתͼ֮֡״̬
ʵ˵ҲȥǸηӦ
⣬峤һ˾˵㲻ǻȥиֽٴ˵أЩ˾ֵܵġ
жٸ֣
ܶࡣ
ЦǺܺã
ܺã
峤סˣɻ
ȻܶˣǾ͸ܷǣ˵峤ϵӣ״̬סġ
峤ϵĻ׳Ϊʲô˵ܺãԭǰӵˣҪǵˣ峤ϸоѣΪ˵Խ󣬡ӵˡͻ˼һ㣬֪˼Ҳ壬ǼᶨҪǣȻ峤ȴǺأɢȥͼ֮š״̬
ϸϸо峤ÿһϸڵı仯Ǹ뷨ԽԽ̣ʵƷͼʦ֮ϣʲô
ôǿˣô᲻֪ͼʦ֮ʲô峤˲ͷѿڶʵ㾿Ǵģ

ϣ
峤Ͼ׽ţ֪壬Ҫڼʣȴǧֻһ㣬˺⣬޾ʹڣ㡣
ͼʦ֮ϣͼ飡峤ϿʹûȥϽ˵
ͼ飿һʣ˵һ㣬ͼʲô
ͼǸԼͼ֮۳ͼڣ꣬һ㡣峤һ˵۾ȴ͵شֻͼ֮۵ģȻܹӵ꣡
أ뵽ԼķҵķѪĴڣܸ꣬ǡ˲ҪͼĹõ֡
θꣿ
֪峤ѿڶݲƣæ˵Ĳֻ֪ҪԽƷͼʦеõͼĸֻ֮ǸոսƷͼʦ硣
֪ģȫ˵һ˵
仰̫̫㣬峤ȴҵΪֻҪһھʹ˵׵ʹζ峤æ뵽ʲô˵ʲôͼڴ½һԣͼ壬ͼڣֻĴͼ壬ͼĻʲŻһ㣬ңγһֻܸһ۳ͼֻ꣬ͼ鱻٣޿̤ͼ龳磬Զֻͼʦ磻ͼڣ˵ЩֲͼڡȻͼڣҲγͼ飬γͼڣӼѣǣֻҪһΪͼ飬ܶࣻУС
Ȼͼڣ
Ƿ硢ˮȵȡ
һ飬˷ܵļ飬ʵͼսΣ
ƷͼʦȽȫһ죬һڵأͼ鱾˵սᱶ֮⣬ǸͼڣսҲǳǿеĸͼڣͼ鱾˻Ҫ
۾Ǿһʵͼ֮ʲô
ҾͲ֪ˡ
üͷȻ鼤ȴû峤̽飬ʱ򣬸պ̽꣬˵ϵķϣ㲻Ϊ㣬ϣǵĸ֣ʵǿ
Щˣɽ֮ܣһ־Ǻüֵܵġ峤׷һ䣬϶峤һЦܾǰҵȷֵܵڡ
ûм˵ȥʼ̽һˣ峤ųϵЦݣʱ

˵˼峤϶ͶˣȻûоܾϵϾһһ̽ȥ̽ǡ֮ǰ롰֮״̬̽ͼ֮ת״ȵȡ
һ·̽鵽䣬϶䣬侹ˣǺй˵ҾûţƫƫͲ
Ĳ

Ҳ
һͣȴȻͷ˵
Ҿͳȫ㣡
仰䣬峤Ͼʹȳ䣬켴ֶԳ˵ɱˣǾĻΪһУݣ
𣿡
һЦֳɵն£


1006 ͼڣȥʱ
ֻɭۣ

峤ϱҪ𡰲Ҫɸպһ֣㿴˳ϻ֣۾ʱӿŨŨ𾪣ʧеͼͼ壿
һʧУó϶һ㶣ԪҺѣ̸ʲôͼڣҪͼڵĻ½ϣ֪ӡ
峤һҲóע⵽Ӧע⵽飬ͼڴ½ôãûʲôȫԼս
Ȼͼڻ֮Щ˵צܿǣܹӵ˹ͼڻһģжأ
飬ҲճˣҲ˵ս֮ǰȵýһɣٵ֮󣬾͸ؽˡ
˲ʣ϶ȴһҲ¡
£ǿŰø߸ߵԴµµһԣնµһǣ۾ǺڣڲôڲΪӵˡԲɱΪˡ
ϧڣѾ̫ˡ
֮䣬һѪŨѪζУϻŵһɵļΪϤζӦǡѪֻζܵϡ
ҪСҲͼڴ½Ӧˮɡ
ип֮ʱ峤Ѿͼлع˫Ѫ죬ɱĸɱ
кθҲҵģҪɱңΪβɱأҲɱǾͻĹңͲҵСڣΪǿޱȣֻ϶ѣǵ˺Ƿֺ߼ǰҲֻϰˣ
ãܺã峤ϿЦʽ㣬ͼˣӴԺ㣬彫ݣ
һЦ˵һܣնɱһǡ
峤ͫ׷Ŵ󵽼£ӿž֮ˣһɸоղһܴľһǵˣ峤϶Сڣ뿴СھʲôСȴǴ˸Ƿ˸ݵƣȥ
Ͻգ˵⼸˾ͽˣʲôĶܽǶƶ飬ֻҪŪôڡ
ʵʹŪˣҲʲôرصĺɱһɱɱʮٸҲɱֻǣȡһЩˡ
յȻ֪ǰЩģһ֮ӿּ¶ģһҪƳĶҩ
ϽӦһǡ֮մʵƷȥ
϶ǵӰ˵ϣܺú÷һ츳һ뿪ͼڴ½Ҳ֮
ĿǰΪֹͨϲģѾǧˣͨߣȼ˶ѣѾ϶Ǹ˵ʵġ
Ǿ仰ʱ򣬳ϻţ֪ǣ̶ã
ոսǰЩ´꣬Сݼѹ⶯һʽʩչһХ֮磬ȴνԱֻʵϵġϲࡣ
ллˡСݼһڵأ׸ղõջ񣬳˵ú°ɡ˵꣬СڽªңСڣСڣ֪ĸϢ𣿡
ĵСڣôһʣųϣҲһĪоܻǸ壬ֵʲô
ȥһ塣
ϵ˵̤վҪУȴСֹüôˣҲЩʱ䣬ҸоڲȥҪȥʱȥ
ȥʱ򣿡
ԺзһЩ˼Сּ˵˵ҵ뻹ûأϵͷǾ͸ȥʱȥ

켴һ塢塢̽鵽Ĳ̶ͬͷ
һ죬Ҫĵǣյ
һųŹ£Ű⣬˼ĵҩζһᾡҵġ˼ƻ棬¯𡭡
ª֮СݼǵȡһЩͱܶĵɱ壡
ж濴ϷˣٴδһôһٻأѵҲֻӵĶ֣
ܣҲ룬϶帶˾޴Ĵۣıӻ
ҾҲҪȻھʨѹ£ҳ壬ʨҪΪˣ֪Ŀ꣬һͼ壡
ȥ֪ˣ

Ǻھ󣬻ŲٸҪȥϷˡ
롢ˣҲ䣬ͼ
˫۾ȴǸľϲ


1007 ñ
õϮϢȫǲΪȻû
̫ԲˣͲʤ̣ΪԼ޵ˣֻҪҾȫûһҲٴĵ̤ȥ
峤Ԩʵ˵˵֮ʱĶȫȻһָ㽭ɽȻӣĶϣȴһģȰ˵峤ǿɴⲻãǸϽھˣֻܽʨʹڵӣܸоһ˿ûģأ
ʲôģ壬ҪĿɲǶ涾ޱȵĶĶĸͼ岻壿Ǿʨ壬Ҳ棡οСС壬ֻǰҲͬĽ
峤ʮ㣬ʱһͻأ𣺡峤λϣǾãΪʲôȥͼ壬Ƚأ壬ɲġ
һ˶򣬳˼Ԩ͵뵽Ǽ£ѵȥߣ巢ˣԨ˵仰ܣ߼Σ֮һۼҲ¶ִйô񣬶ûһôܱ巢أ
Ԩ룬ʵΪСޱȵĹ̫ˣ̵̫һӦ̵ʤ̣ԸıǵǸٹ̵뷨رΪɱеͼ˵
ȻԨ֪ǣ̽ϢߣѾòˣ
ԨЩƣһ˵öˣһʧȥսʱһ򾡣
ڳϵͷҲֻˡ
ܿ죬幥ĵؽϣԨʹغǰһװİСݼԨɹЦСݼԶǰΪů𣿡
Ԩ˵꣬˶һЦѣȺ𼤷ߣСݼת˵ڱǸûһĵλҪϵػţҪúܶѪ𣿡
£
ֱ죡
ǵģǸͲ£Ϊñӣ
Сݼһ˵ãһȣñӣ
֮УһϢɢԶª֮УڳϻСڣ۾͵һ΢ȦСڷ˸ֱۡ
壬Ԩţñӣ˭ҲӲǣˣԶɣ
죬ҪѪһ壡
Сݼ˵˹ɱԨЦ˵𣡡
켴һƬɫĶĵ֣ԨɫУ׼Ŷ£ͬʱԨ°Сݼ붾Сݼҽ𣿱Ҵģ㲻ң
СݼŶǸһĨЦкβҽģ
ʱʿ̤˶֮У֮УԨеһնɱŮһɴ裬˭ץСݼͣ
һ£Σһ㣬ٶȼɱˣֱɱСݼˣǡھбϺݺݴˤڵϵԴԴСݼҲޱЦţСݼھвǺܿ㻹ô𣿡
˵ɱ㣡
ƾ㣬ȥɡת֮䣬ԴɱСݼǰȵ߲
ԴͻޱȣСݼȥҪӴСݼһ˲䣬һȴСݼдõʽܡߣ
£ӰһΣԴӱݺˤڵϣСݼʹһԴֱоԼӿ챻ɢˣԴʧʲôͼսȻܽ£Уôûж
ܹҲµսΪʲôûжˣñӵģ˵꣬Դ־֮УСݼһʽѪ飡
Сݼɱ⣡
ԨԴĻ棬ѾˣСݼɱ񣬷ŭ˵ͲţǲܶϮʿ汾ϣɱ
ɱȥȴַ·һƬ֮У˷ǵˣǳһɱȥһɱȥȴԭҪĿ겻ˣȡ֮ʮҪȡˣ
ս֮£ٶƣҲӲã
һһ֣
ǡڴʱУŷ֮ͬˣ°ȥĿ䣬壬ʲô仯ܿˣ


1008 ˶
ǼˣȻ˵ĴһģһΡսȣȴǲͬθӹ죬սǿơ
ԭǴ°ϼ˾ͳ룬˴սУʧҲǺ飬Ҳ˵ע⣻Ȼһȥȴ˲Ծһߡ
ΪǱΧذΧ֮УǹȥʱֻսԵһת֮ۿȥȻѾƴɱ룡
˴ʧɫ°ȥӵʱԽãֱʵĻʾԽ⼸УȻǸоֵǣÿγ֣Ƕںһսˡ
ҲŴˣŵֲˣǾţ⾿ʲôᷢ˹£
ʱǿԱȡһԲС䱸Ҫܣɺͻؼʮ˳֣Ǳ·֮ϣҪ֣СͻȻˣʱһϯ֪Ͻס
Ȼסˣȴã˳ǵƤë׾˽ȥɲʱ䣬⼸˺޷֮ڵأҪɱ֣Сݼȳһ
Сݼ⼸˲һɱҲνһֱǵó˵Ļ˼һ˽
⼸ڼʮĴս֮УȫһСͬˮļ˻ڴָӰ죬ǽСݼ峤¡
˿̣ѾˣͶ˸ĶЧ΢СȫȻı䲻ǰ֣ԨɫҪѿжѿܻغţôж岻𣿿ǰһУΪʲô
壬ʹֻǲ֪Լ᲻жأСݼԨĶԨЦǿЦˣôж
СݼҲЦȵӰɢ
һǧӳɫζӰɢϢսϣСݼûзҩܱϣʹһ©ȷ˽ҩһǧɱǰȥ
ԨСݼľٶŪԺ⣬ֿСݼһǧ˾ɱϲŭ̫ˣСݼʬ޴棡
˵ţԨߵļϣʼͼڻڱ䳤ͷƺţƤҲɫʰ֮⣻Ƕûдﵽȫͼڻľ磬ߵģҲ˵ĲλΪ
׼СݼһǧʱԨͻظоһͼ֮תˣͼڻĲλҲڿȥԨˣʲô£Ϊʲô
㲻Ǻţв˶𣿡
СݼѾԨ˵ǰһʣ£СݼЩˣӦǴİɣ
Ԩ峤ˣ˸Ӳ˵ˣɱɱ²ķ²Сݼǳ˵Ļռҩݡ鼮ȣѰЩҪͼھѵˡ
óöҩݲ٣ȻвǶݣ
Сݼһ·ɱͼڼ֮أֱӽһҲ׸ߵߵ񣬸ˣûл϶ʱ䣬СݼʰսѹսƷȴ㻨һʱ䡣
һ֮ض飬ھʨڻ㸻ǿ壬ѹһգ΢мֵĶˣرҩֱ֮࣬ݸʣ
屻ͼڴ½
˵Ǿʨ壬ǲ˸еȣȫΪȻǣģȴ壬һ·˻֣
оǿˣͼڴ½죬ҪˣǿʼĿǣҪҪԼڵˣǾʨѹ
Ϣ൱죬һ·̵ľʨʮ򾫱ͳ죬õ屻Ϣõ˽ڲҲûϢɫ㵣Ź˼ɣ
ѵˣλͳ첻òŹ˼ɣȻʨҲĴͼ֮һĴͼȴŵһʨȴĩ
ʨͳҪõϢ˸ٶȣ
˿壬û뵽ã⵹ǳû뵽ģ˿̵ĳϣ̽ǾҪͼڵˡ
ͬʱ˫ۣСݼصǼˣɫһӾʱҶתˣȻⶾȴ֪µСڣں
ʱСݼһ춼ûϢִˣˡ
ʱһƬȻ
Զ֮ң壬õ峤һо˱µϢŭÿţҪÿҪǸ˺ÿ
塢壬ȴڰУֱϣ


1009 ȻأǾϢ

ȻǰСݼСݼս
󲿷˶ڲ²ǲǺʲôЭ飬ȴ֪ô¶ˣյ߷һ壬ûݼǷŵ̬
ýķһŵ̬Ȼͼͼ
Ͽ϶Ὣ֮⣬ϵõôӷ֪һЩʲôͼԱȣȴǺֶΪأ
Ǽª⣬ûйĨǣżɽ˵̫Сˣװ¸£һ¼壬´Ӧҷĳϣ
Ȼأ
ϱ˫ƶûǰˣ˵
˵ķһͣȴϽ˵Ȼ󣬸ʲôһ嶼ָ֧¡
Ȼأ
ŭϲɾʹ˼ŭ⣬ʵȻô
ͷŭˣɲãɲܴϵõôǰƽȴһ켴ػصµθƺܴ󡣡
ȷʵЩ󡣡
ЦȰµθڻǲҪ̫ˣȻģһͻġ
ǲӦǷҪǲǾͲҪ񣬶Ҫˣ˵ûǰ棬ǸͲ÷ŵֱ̬ǿѹң
Щͻأһϯд󾪣Ǵ̣ѹ¾ȣ򶨵˵Ǳǵÿѡˣҷһյǿߣգҷģܴܾʨ壬Ҳκβҷֺ֣֮϶ʧأȾأȷƣ
˵ǲķˣǿǲҲ۾͵һŷɣɿԼҪһ궼ɲȴֲ֪Եɡ
ô֪ǸǿԼ˵Ȼ֪Ǿ͸׸ѡˣ
ջĿ⣬˵ȷʵеСԣŬ½أǴ󺣣գ
ºÿĿ
㲻õҵθ⣬۶٣Ҷ£
Ȼˣ¿ɾҪ׼ܷ塢塢ʨŭˣ
ټ壬ֺη
ϣ½ϣ˯žһߣһӣ˵ߣ
ʱ˺۰򴦣ֳ֮ӰرǷɣǸһѪ⣬ȴͼڻ˵ĳ֮ӰҲͬ˷Ƿ֮⣬ˣԷ壬ӥɵȵȣʵǣͼڴ½Ĺ۵˶ǿ
ѡַʽȥҪһ壬ҪóףȻǿҲκβһȺǿߣͷûֻ̧˵ɲ߾ߵģˣɣ
ƾ㣬ǣ
ɴЦ˵켴һȣһǧüѾԶ֮֮УЦǸӵˣ̫ˣҶҪֻϧûʵ֧Ŀ񡣡
ǣǣʮС
ڷ㶣֪ʲô°ɣ

һЦ¶ɱ˵ܾǵ³ֻɲôһΣգӵˣ͵ŷɱٰɣ
ЦˣʱɵĿЦͻȻֹΪǵҰһӰӰԽԽ۾ôؿȥȴǸӵˣ
ϵһ̣˽ԸоôȶȲе𾪣ݣһ絽ɵǰָųϣޱȵ˵㡭㡭㡭
⣿
ôܵǵǰȥ
Ѿǰ棬ǾϢʱ䣡
С
УʱоԼЩȣҪ׹ȥϲٺǶ˵һֻӳֻоХȿͣסʱŵأĴȥǰª֮
ʲô
Ļˣеţʱ򣬵Ȼ޴棡
뿴㣬ǲǲģ̽ȥɷɱĺУ㲻ҪҪԲɣ
ղŲ˵Ҫɱ𣿡
ҡ
ֻ˵һ֣һѾŰڡ
ǡʱ


1010 ף

λһɵˣأǾһתĳ嶯Ϊǿ˵һأɻ
סˣֻȭ֣ڳѪ
ˣǿ˷ɿȥ֪Ŀûеóѣųûϵãٷ֮Ӧ뿪Ӱٵķˣȴʵسǰ
м䷢ʲô
λ˲֪ǣȴǰӵˡģҪö࣡
˴𣬰ݼ¡
һˣ˵֮ǰķɻҪΪ˴˹ȴûС
ȥĳϣǾͲ˵ˡ
˴ȣ۾һתǰĴ㣬ת˵£ºͨһʱ漣˴һԽԽ̵ĸоˣ㲻ܳΪѣҲˣңǰ漸ӣõϢѾͼ壬ţһ幥ȥ
ַܷ츲صı仯ʣȫˡĹͣر幥ɱ֮ʱڳַʽǾΪ񼣣
ĺ
Ϊ⣬ǿ԰ʨⳡ鷳
鷳ܹ
˴һͣʵǸҪʲôĺ
һܹ˵˴һʱף˼վûʸ̸֮
˴Ժ֮֡ǿ³ǰʱ֡øɸɾֻ뿪峤پô
˴Ȼȥ峤̸֮¡˴ҪǶߣȴͻȵһ¡
˴һ𣬱ܵ뵽ǲҪ塢һҲ£ңȴ˵»ʲôԸ
̸֮ˣǿһס
ʲôף˴Ƥ
Ҳ鿴ǵ壬һЩѪҺҽһͼս
˵˴һʱ뵽ľǲܣҪƴ·¿˵㻰
ǣǸ޻֮
˴ܲ仰˵ȴʵ£òͷ˴˵ұһʽס
ǡ
һЦЦ˴ֱһӣһߣ̽˴ǵӣ˴Ŀ¶𾪣𾪣һֱʱ
ʱ֮ڣҲͼڻͼڻ֮࣬ڳϵҪ˴ȫ󣬳ռÿһƿѪҺ
Щ󣬳Ϸ˴ˣ˴ǿʯͷ£ֿʼڴųϽҪʲôͼսͻſһ˴˿Ѫѣӷȥڵϣ˴ֱһֱĸо䶨֮˴۳޵˵㡭̫
һͼսŭ𣡡ŭԴʥŵصʥɷʥɷ룬˴ﲻĵԹޣ˿ϲ
ˣǿˡ
лл£лл¡˴˵ġллȫǳģȫСŭ𡱵ս˳Ϊʲôһͼս
ϴ˴ǡŭ𡱣ȻǱϿģǽ򵥣
ȥ֮󣬳ֽעڷɵϣ֮̽󣬳ϲܷſֽɵ˶գªСڹǸмӵ¡
Сڽȫ˵˳һ˼˵ǾȲҪǣųߣܹһ㣡
ûмǽעǸͼϣоǸͼ񣬲ô򵥣ͼ֮
ţȥЩҪͼھѵˣ֪ǲ屻Ӱ죬ǵľѼԽԽˣü˵뱨ûǵͼڵ񣬾Ϳѣɳǿ󣡡˵ţͼڵ񣬸
ڼʨǱȴԽԽˣõϢȥˣ塢壬Ҳȥˣ巢ʲôΪʲôͼ嶼Ѱȥ
һתۣѹϵľյɣרΪľյȻʮ֮ע˳ϵ
žյ뵽õҩʮ֮ǲҲӶ
Ҫ֮ʱСݼŴص塣
ͬʱĸ֣֮أԶӣ


1011 Ƴ飬ͼ
Сݼˣźպսء
һΣܱߵţͼ壬ȫСݼҩ֮࣬ʵ١
ͼͼڵҲСݼһش˻Щ񣬳ǹĸоȻЩͼڵ񣬾ʲôܣͼͼڣռʲô
ŽӴԽԽ࣬һǿҵĸоͼڴ½ô򵥣ǰô
֮⣬ЩͼڼҪѵˣҲЩ࣬ǽǼŭǼӿѣ
ĥ˵ģ˸ɳģȻǳսСݼǶԡþʽգԽԽ̣رɢǹɱĲֱӡ
Сݼжݵ֮СݼգսʤҪıǡǴİԹơ
ʱĥƳ˺ͷжĶ
ˣҲõ˰ɡ
䣬ͻоɢſ񱩵Ϣ忿֮֮ϣšơ
⼸šơƣһͼڻġ
ûдκкЩȻˣһ֣ǴɱУһֻֻӴצЮŻϢѹ£һҪĨȥڵļʽ
𣿡
У͸ɭ亮⣬һԾߡʩչץ䳤ġץ˿ߡٽ˿ߡһ˩һһ顣
ֻ飬
Ϣʱ䣬ʮǾƷͼʦˣһԲ˵ϣ¡һضɽҡ£СݼԸʨû٣Ӧ֪ôɡ
ˣСݼס
СݼشţȴǰǸԲ
ųգݸСݼһ˵ЩƳģȻˣԸʨ壬зӲ
Сݼ˶ҩҪתȥȴϽסĶҿһ¡Сݼ϶ϽӹֱմһЩȥСݼյ˵ʱɵˡ
һ켴˵˶ĳɷ֣ÿֳɷ˶ϵɫԽԽ𾪣ĿԽԽղ֪ǣҲ𾪷ǳսӴŶã־˾ˣЩɣҪǰȥĻ˵Ƴյ񵤣
ţ𣬻滯¯ģϽŽ¯ȫȻڳ˱Ƕôľȡ
ֻΪǿ˻
һԲˣ𾪸ڻͼڻ״̬״̬ʹֲ֣òƴתͼ֮ͼڻ״̬ΪֻҪ΢ͼڻʹͻ˲򱶣Ҫ˺ѳϣ
ڳϵǿܽʮһ£ǣ𾪣ԶԶϲǿлĻ𾪣ͼڣȻͼڣ
ϾŶ֤뷨һ֮󣬻¯ɢڿеĶͣЩʹŵӣҲоΣĲ
ȴ۷ų˾⣬ѿڶⶾ϶ܶˣ
˵ĲӾңʮ˵Ĳǻϳһ־
û뵽Ǽⶾ˷츲صı仯װƿݸСݼ˵˾ʨʮ򾫱֮󣬿Բ壬ѡ񣬳

Сݼ˵ӹƿȴղŴǴｫƿȡģֱӴӿһץץƵģޱȡ
ϼ˵ǣһ㣬뽫ǵͼڼûߣлٴûԼͼڵĵ֮ڣǵͼ
СݼһһӦ£ƿյñҪ
ϿտĿ⣬˵սȥоȥѰҸղӵʡ˵֮󣬳ֱӽªûпʮɵĴԲ򣬷·͸һ㣬ƾƴУã
սϣ
ţ˳ȥս
Ҳª˵һǰȴһǰһ۳Ļ¯û뵽Ƴɹ
˿̣ǰֳľʮԪҺ۳Ļ¯ңϻԾ˵ζġ
һˣϣžϲ֮ݣ


1012 Ļ
ȴ
ʮ¯֮ϣϵʱӿһָоˣ׳ɳںڶֻʣһ㣬ڷʱ򣬴Ϊ棬ָһЩ
ͺһ㣬ĴӶȥŲֲͬͬȴǻδֱ治ͬȫֱֻѡ
ܹǷ֮ĵҲӦֻܹǲ֪Щ˼תؽ֮ʱһ취˸ټϸϡϣҪģؽǰƬЩƬУζǿ鲻֪ģȴ쳣ǿĺʯͷҵ˿ϵؽ֮ϣýһȥپд硢ȵȵĴ
Ҫܵס˴Ҫ󷨲أ󷨡š󷨡۾ͻһѿڶֻᷢ
뵽۵ǧѡ˾Ļ쵤
쵤һ˲佫ߵԪ䵽Բ״̬ߵĵȼȴƣǱ𾳽£𾳽磡
ʥ쵤𵽶ãȴǲ֪
ȻԪҺòȥԪȴҲһ˵ãص½󣬻кܶõţ
¯쵤ҩɷ֣Ѿںϣɵһεȴԡ󡱵ᣬֽţעÿһı仯
ˣһʱ֮󣬻쵤ɣ
ȥ¯иʮŵҩϿ쵤û󷨵ĵҩûʲô𣻿ǣȴظо쵤۶ȥŻ쵤
ԭȴЧ
ԾȻϲãЩ쵤Ż۵ԽԽ࣬쵤ƷףҲɳͬɳԵħһ㣻ջ񣬳ִ˲ƣһͷԽ˽뵤ҩںϵĴҵС
һ죬죬졭
ª֮У£
ת֮䣬ѹѾ˴仯СݼƾųڽĶؽʨʮȫû
ս֮˸ΪСģ
ֻӣǸӵˣȴԽԽˣ䴫ͼڴ½һǿߣ
ʨŭȴףٴǿ壬Σպܴ󣻿ǣʨֲһڲܣʨźδ棿
˼ȥ֮󣬾ʨʨиͼ壬ҹǿȫ壬ߣض⵽ʨı
Ȼھʨʱͼڴ½һɹͬˣĵˣĵˣ
֮ԷȻǿǿ󣬸ǵõŭսΪǿͼս峤峤һΪϸмֵ
    һͼڴ½𶯣
ʨĸͼ壬ɵӣ֪ѡ񣬾ʨǿȴĶ֣Ƿ׷׽ڵˣȫͻȥЩھСݼͼ壬籩壬Գ壬ǾţϽٶȣСݼˣ͵壡
ʨ峤֪Ϣ֮󣬿һѪ
Сݼȴǳô˻ᣬڣģ㽫
ʨ̣䶯ʨ峤˫Ѫ죬һѪʨͼڣԻþ
ڣҲ۷׷ףȥҾľӢˣȴһȥأսպգҲֳɣһͣΪ屾ޣӦñõĹϵһսΪҪ壬ֻ֣նɱǸͣάϣ
иһʱ䣬ֲ¡
ڷ壬ȴǲףôûܴͬȥã峤ˣȥ̽һ£ôˡ
˾֮£𣬸˿ɵ
ǿ󣬶ͼڴ½ԣŵģǾʨ壬ǸĻĻǿ׳ȥǾնף
Ȼһб仯Ǹ˴ģͽ˳ȥ䳾ظǰ
һգһԶԶȥƼΡɽ£һӰӰ߽ɽĴһϢһųԣ½ϣ˭ҲĶ֣
ɽǴǻɽϣïɭ֡ȵ֮һӰŹڳϵĸָҥԡ
һ죬ƼĴɽһ˹ڵأ˵Ѿˣɽ


1013 ȱʧʯ
ªһ£Գ˵һ˲䡣
ҩ󷨵ڣóǧǧǧȡڣڵ׼ȷҩ֮ȻһСģ󷨱Ὣҩٵøһɶ
һµʱ䣬Ͻʮεʵ飬Ȼаٷ֮ʮʵ飬ʧˣʣµİٷ֮壬ȴҲһ൱
֮⣬Ҳʹ¯ҲʮֻϰֻϵҲҹ֮ͣУ쵽ף
ɱδɢҲδ֮ͬڣˣһЩʱ˵Ķϸо͵ҩйء
ջĴ۱ǣеҩݣȥռЩҩ֮⣬ȫþˣСݼͣӸѹλҩݣȫþ
Ŵˣϲò߳ªң
ª֮⣬ʮɵĴԲ򣬻ôţֻվɫԲ򣬱ֻһɫǾѪɫ
ϼţҲɸ̾ǿʱ򣬻άʵϣʮ˸ˣȫ;ƿݵľء
šˡǡ
һˣȫ˵۾Ŀ⣬˵֮ҲάֲӼСʹɽһϮ
һ֣Բ򱬿
ʮ˸ˣˤʮ˸ˤڵ֮ʮֻгûнǾͲôһˡ
켴ϽǽգСݼСݼͼڴ½ľôСݼʵ˵ϵͷľƣģ޼
սôˣ
ֻþŸսսĥС
ٶ̫ˣ취ǵĻԣҪսѵͬͬ·գһ㣬Ҫʱܹ󣡡
ˣǵܳܲôߵǿȡ
ҲսͼսҪҪģҪ»塭˵ͻ˵йĸ𣿡
Сݼ뵽ʲô۾ôҡҡͷ
ûеĻԣܴﵽһ磬ǿȣõһǿֻصԭ˵ǴӣȥǶһЩ̥ϴ赤ȵȣǴԽףԽܷЩҩ
Сݼˡ
Ҹʱ䣬ʨȡ֮
ǣˣСݼĿϬƽ
ҪĶҪץʱ䡣
СݼѾЩȫȥţʲôͼģȥѰЩʱõͻ׶ˡ
ϵ˵ͷСݼͻ˵ˣˣһˣƻڰʱ֮ڣͼھͻˡ۾һСڣһȥ
СݼصѵأܸؼǵĻԣ֮Сݼ뵽Сڣ˵һ˵ţСݼҸᣬóһˣʱǿ϶Ǿٱ
ʱСڵڣƺһֻڵСѾϰָоůġ
ʱ˹Ѻأһбűӵˣһܵӣڽͼھѣ̽ڵһб仯
žѵļϱŶͷչͼھȫ֮󣬳룬࣬Ҫͼȷ
ûΪҩݲһ߷ŸͼļأһߵŸͼھѣ
ܿ죬ˣϣһε˴
ϻª֮˵˵˺ϲռϡŹֵĶ˴һϣܹϲ
ֻҪ͵ĶʲôҶϲǵˣҸԸȥȡϱζ˵һͣЦȻѣѺá
Ͻӹϸĺӣһȴһʯ壬ƣǵͼʯ壬ȴֻķ֮ȱķ֮һķ֮һպþʯķ֮һ
ʯ
˵˵ʯϵ·ߣͨһ֮أ֮أھʲô֮أǾûϢˣ˵һ壬ΪѰȱʧķ֮һ汲޾Ȼ޽ϣʯ壬ڴо롣
⻹һˡ
ڵŭ˵㲻ʲôһ٣˵֪˵ŭںδ
һֻʥɷŭ𡣡
ʥɷ룿
һ͵


1014 żȻ⣬ն
Ͼ֮ʱҲ֣ɫʵ𾪣Īʥɷ˵Ҫ
ˣ㿴ǣģʥɷ룿
ģģһһ֮У
ԽԽ٣ϱޱʥɷ壬ĺҪΪʲôҪ˼£һܡ
ϵͷ¶һı顣
һϹ˵˸֪ʥɷںδһ彫Ƿһ飬պһ£ۺ£Ͻۺ¡ĸ֣ҧرء
ϲһ˿仯ȴ˵ǸطҸ㣬ҲȥˣȥˣҲûˣʥɷѾնɱˣͼڴ½½
ϼϳĬΪԴ̧ۣһݣָͷ˵ˣ彫Ϊ£ֻܽʥɷ֮ظ֪
ſ˵ûõģҸ㣬Ҳȥˡ
ֻ˸֪Уȥһ嶨뵽취ġһڱصõӣϵ˵ǵãô½ϵ𣿡
϶ʱռĹڳϵϢѿڶϽٵġ˵꣬𾪿죬˵˼ǣʥɷҲϣ
ûͷҲûҡͷȴѾ϶ԼĲ²⣬۾ʧ֮ɫΣͬʱЩʣΪʲôϾʲô
סˣûʣԺԽԽˡ
ȴʵϣͼڴ½ϵ֮Уû𣿡
Ȼ£˵ڵͼڴ½ֻһЩСͼڵ롢˵ȵǿͼڶʧˣ֪ȥ򣬿мأЩʵڹġ
˵ϲټ˵ȥȴһ仰У˺һЩϢȷһ£ͼڴ½йһ䣬ⳡ䣬Ĵ˵Ƿйأ
ͻأԺ鲻Խظֳһ棬ɽױĹ԰Ļ棬Щѿʵ֪Ƿ˵ܣ
ܣһҡҡͷ˵ܣ֣Ӧͼڣ˿ȥ忴ǵļǷܡ
ϳ˼ţûΪˮף֮ͬͼڴ½ҲΪˮףںڶһ˲䣬оܶĿռ䣬½ֻ½ͼڴ½ôˮͼڴ½żȻ⣿
ʥɷĴϣѾˣôҲƽ˵һ֮󣬱ȥԼ̸ĺˡ
ȥ֮󣬳ϽСݼ˵ȥһˣǽ鼮汲ļأȫ⣬һǣ֪֪ܡ
Сݼͷ׼ȥһ£ʵأ
ճȥˣȥսʲôҪĶ
ϵͷһ˼ֽעЩͼھѵϡ
壬ǿСݼ壬Ԩ壬ѪսƴɱսϣһĨٻӰŪǿѪء
ĨٻӰȻգΪƳĶһǱڸսϡ
յ飬ǰרע󣬶ӰһδоӰѸ٣ʩչɱУ⣬նᱻ°ߡ
ʱһӰȴͻײˣ˳ֵ̫⣬ȫȻû뵽ڰǻȸ⧲֮£м˱ֱײ׿⣬ߵˣǱֵˣһһҸץסˣ͵һײײͷѪֱӽײ
ɽ
һˣֻü³һ֣ͷ˹ȥ
˳ʱҲоˣеʱһֻƿɻûƿӳ͵ϮӰͱŵˡ
յһԼ̫ˣˣ֪ĸͼˣǿ֮ʱעҵϣһҪȥúñʱʡ
ͷȴ϶˵лл֮
˿գոպ̧ͷĿԣ˺װһɽһĨޣϽصˣ·ƽԵ
뿪˻ص壬һ֮ȴʵߣ
壿оһ̽ʵ֪ȥΪ£
˵һ֣ԳµһҪȥԱԡ˺˵Ҵ˵ģ


1015 ɽˣ
һˣֽɽˣ
֪ɽȥҴˣһӦֹ˼棬϶ɽ˿϶Ǵ˵Ķ֣˾кֶΣǲǣ˵ֶΣ϶൱ǰɽֵܵסġ
ԣոûֱ֣˵ˣɽˣǰأûһ֮ɫǺܸˣֻɽ˵̫ˣҾͲȥ·ȥ˷̫ʱ䣬һս˭µһǿߣ
տɽ˵Ŀ⣬һ£Ȼǳǿơ磬һ˵ˣǱܵķӦǱģ˵ɱ۵תۼľͻữŨŨη壬ɱıϾǴڡ
ȻɽûУһûС
ټϣɽ˾һձѵɽ˴磬㲻Ǵ˵Ķ֡
ûбԹô֪򲻹أ
ɽ˱ֳ˾ԵţղȰɽȴʵգǴʲôˣ
һˣһĴˣ˴ˣһŲյɽ˽˹Ĺ£˵ڴδ֮ǰӣ֮ʲôģ
Ҳ֪ͶԵǷĪĺøУջԼɽ˵ˣ֮ɽٿգĿûƲûиϽԶߡ
෴ȴǶ˼㺣
ˣɽ˴磬һͼģɽشԹԵ˵ɽǡվ
ɽ˵ɽˣţܹսʤҴ˰ɣɽҲ¶ЦݣΪҪͷˡ
֪ջҡҡͷɽ㶵ΪҲܣ
ȷĲǴ˵Ķ֡
Ҹڴˡ
ɽһ˫ȭͷգĿᶨޱȣӿս⣬޲վյĴǰǺɽһѱգӣ񱼶ȥ
ձ˱ǣɽ˱ŵʱģһδ˼¶ݼ¶ɽ˱ˣҲţܵů
ɽһʱձɱڻ֮ɽ˸оһִûܹᣬɽ䷼ͬ㡣
һʱ䣬ɽˣǿǿ࣬ǰδйĻҽ࣬ɽȴֻҵĽ࣬ȥ
˲ԣȴ۵ķΧ˰Χ˵ǻ㺣͵ϮյˣȴǱϵһϣڵϿǰ
ɽ˵ٶȺܿ죬߹һֲյʱɽ˱յĵ̣Ŵۺðͷɽ˽ȥ΢ԥ֮һݣɽ˴ª֮⡣
ϴʱվª֮⡣
ոϽڵأˣϮɱһղԭԭ˵˵ɣй޹
лˡ
һվһߣųоơ
ɽڿϵһ̣ͿʼԼҲŲ֮ǰ˵Ȼͼڵʱ򣬳Ͼ᲻нɽΪͼڵģ벻һɽˣվǰ
Ҫսң

ȷ
ȷ
𣿡
ɽ⣬һˣʵʲô
Ҫҽս͵óҵͷĶʲôֻҪҾÿԾУ˵ţɽˣһĪڴܳɳ񣬡çɽ͡ɽҪãȻѾһ뷨ܹǿԼԴɽΪͼڵˣľϲ˵ɽ֮Ҳǿ÷
ɽ˰죬һ鶫˹ȥ˵𣿡
ϽӹһֿһԲӣٶһĿȻһӣһ飬ɫ顣
ɽ˵ҪˣͰҡ
ãҪأ
ˡɽ˵ȴҡҡͷӣҽսģȻҽսǾͱҵģԣӣ˵Ĵۡ
ɽһҲǣ˵˵ô죿
һӣǴģ
С
ڶϿգ˵Ҫһ£ҪȥΣյĵطҪˣػ֮꣬ɡ
ɫһӾͺɽ˵ı飬ҲЩţʵպüۣ˺һյֲǰǰ֮У˵ͷ
Ͻһӣ˵ʼɡӵӣպӽװͷĴָ
ɽȻȵɽ


1016 ɽ
ɽ
ɽһȣиֳһɽɽط߶Ȳٳ߶ѣɳȴоɽĺƴϣֹٳߣ֮⣬ɽɢһɴĺعϢ
ɺϢ϶Ϊ֮һݡ
Ҳֻһݰˡ
Ͼȭʵɽֵܵסٽ
һǧҲκβɽɽûһ֮飬ɽһأƣһһ۵ĸоɽĸоɽ˻Ȱ˵ԣ㻹ǸϽ䣬µһǿߵţҪȻҪһ󣡡
һһǿߣұͲǣѾŵһıζ˵ֻƾɽҳ䣬ԶһЩ
ȻˣǿɾͱҲˡ
òҪ
סɽֱֱ£ٶޱȣɢƣֱҪŭɽ֮ϵˣѹһĴڣ
˿̣ϻûж
ûг֣ɽȴӿо
ֱɽҪҵͷһɲǣϳȭȭͷѣÿһʮɽǸ֪ĶѾﵽ˿ֲ߰ٶʮ
ʱ¡һ죬ȭɽ飡
ɽܴѪӵҵأһУҪȥȴɽȻԾضɫâɽʽֵĶ֮ǻɫâӽһһϣ󣬼ɽ˵ȭ֮ϣ
ǹâŨ£ֻһһɱѹòܺĸо
һӣպŻָ˵ɽˣվ㹥ܽһƶֺԣӮˡ
˵֮󣬳ϸֶ
ɽ˵֮һͼ֮תֱϻ
飡
һȭʵ˳ţûƶֺɽȭϵĹâȴһ˿棬ȭͷǸѿѪѺۣٴαײ˿ȥ
һأɽûӵȫȻţԴɽΪͼڣѾﵽƷͼʦȫһȴ˽
ɽ˱ĿڻгϵһɲǣоԼһ˵ϣһɽ߸ɽϡ
Ҳָоɽ˷ɵ
ˣɷŵʱҲɽ˱ȥȻѸͳһɽ̷£һ£ɽ˱о˲Ŀо
ɽվԳ˵һսˣҷ
֮ǰӣӺδá
꣬ץһֻʸá
üǲɽ˵ʵԣֻȥӳĵط鿴鿴Ǵһֻжãɽ˰ʱǻ˭ֻ֪Ǵġ
ػɼˣ
ɽ˼ǵáɽ˵˵ͷ۾ս⣬δʹȥ˵䣬һʤ㣬ҽɽл꣬һս㣡
ɽлꣿʱ뵽һҪ飬ѿʵ˵һɽҲǾģ
ͼֲͼɽͼڵȻҲûɽܳΪɽɽ֮꣬ɽ۴ɻ˵ţˣɽĶ֪ôӵӴǰҵĸоѵǴ
ϣȴ¶˾ϲɫֱˣ̵ĵʲôˣȸԾı飬ֱ˵һʮ˸㶣ӡУһֱԶᱻʲô򶯣ıһɫڣȴо˿ĵһСӡ
ϲŲԼʧ̬˵գ˴󹦣Ҫʲô
վֱ仰ҵòҸػȥǲŵʵˣҪʲô𣿡
ֻҪģʲôУ
ոϽһ뵽ģǸö򱶵ĶʲôҪѿڶʱȴ뵽ȥսѰңȻеģǾʹͷɳ֮⣬ȴû뵽ֻ˵ˣҿɲԡԺ᣿
Ȼԣ˵꣬ͻʲôʵɽˣôսģ
ɽˣڴһµһǿߵϢѾˣԣսˣ뿴˭ǿֻǣû뵽ɽ˵ЩɥԱߵգȴɽ˵֣һ£ɽ˸оػͷգ켴Ҳָס
ϼ״ЦˣҪɵһɽˮĵط
ˡ
սɬȴϸȥϻ֣˵ˣǳȥʱ˳㴫һϢȥԺ˭Ҫսģ׼ܹҴӦսĶ⣬жע


1017 ʮɽ֮꣬꼾
֮սǸϢȥΪͨɽ˵Ļش𣬳ϸҿ϶Ҫսģֻɽһкܶ࣬ЩˣĻѰͼڣ
ɽˣЩˮģԶ
һֱռŸֵֹĶΪЩֶϣȥ˽ͼڴ½رһЩأСݼҲǽռţЧ̫һСݼʵǿСݼЩͼܶ඼ûֳ߼ֵĶ
ڣȴͻţ
ǲֺŹûᣬսЩ˲ѰˣҲΪǶѰˣĹ춫Ų٣ϡȱͱɽóǿŽɫӡ
ڵעûз棬Ӷɽɽģɽ֮˵̵ľǡʮɽĻˣ
ȻʣȴʮֵĿ϶
ֲãоʮɽˣֲãҸо̽ȥĶǻģֲãǱǿ˲㷭һﵽÿһ߰ٶʮԭˣԭ˰
ϼţԼ壬һӣȴûз˿ʮɽ֮һټϹ죬ѲֺˮһҪΣֵʱ̣ų
ϲţȫԪҺ磬ȵȣȫתӶƤǳѪ֮ɫڸˮĺ¡֮뱼ڡ
֮£ͨӶȥ
һأڸо֣ޣ͸Ĵڣӣ͸ÿһ˿Ƥ⡢Ѫ⡢ϸ֮䣬ͺƳеһУʮɽ֮ݰΧˣ
رǵ棬Χŵʮɽ֮꣬ȵ֮ģö࣬ɽ֮ϢҲŨǳΧŵģӦʮɽ֮֣
ɽģɽл꣬ɽԳɳԽԽԽԽߣ̺Խ࣬ǰʮɽ϶ҲһնͣǾبŵĻۣڣҽʮɽ֮ڽӣǲҲ˵ҵҲÿʱÿ̶ֻ̫ˣӵе˵ʵ̫΢ˣԣܲ׸о
ţı׵ɽ֮꣬ͬǻ֣֮ͬڰ֮һ㣬ɽ֮ɽӣ
ɽ֮Խǿɽ϶ԽΡ룡۾ͻʮɽ֮꣬ǿ϶ɽ֮꣬ͺñȴɽԱߵСɽջữɽһ֣ɽ֮꣬Ӧʮɽ֮سɳҵӵøɣ
ѹסļ˼ϴʮɽ֮꣬ǽʮɽ̵øɸɾˣ꣬ңм仹ŹãҲ֪м䣬𵽼ȡʮɽԴ֮⣬ûã
ϲȷȴѾ¶⣬Ƚͼھѵȵһ¶˽ᣬȥʵʵɽ꣬ͳ϶ԣһֱĸ
ף
׼أλȴȻ֣ŵʮɽ֮䣬һСʮ֮ںϲ˵Ĵڡ
ʲô
΢ϸϸһ룬Ͼһʲôڣǳڶսһںӧʱµֻֻ֮֮꣬꣬һ롣
Ҳ壬
ջӣҲʱªϷķɢȥ徳ڵˣŸоһѹʧ˶ʵѹںδ
ɽˡĴϣаһЩˣĬȻ
߳ªҵʱСݼҲӱ˻Сݼģб峤ûӼ峤Сݼһ˵⣬Сݼͼڴ½磿
еģٹһ£ͼڴ½ͻӭܼ꼾Ҫ£꼾⣬ͼڴ½ƽûж죬ֶ磬УҲ֮١
꼾·ˣҪͼڴ½û磬ɾҪЩˣ꼾٣ҿɵץʱ䣬úôһ磬ɫ
ɫںڶҲ£ôʱ䣬Ȼָǻָü˵ĸоǶһ㡣
֮󣬳˳
ǿӣعڵأμˡ
һ壬йܣ
ˣУйһܵĴ˵
˵Ǵ˵
ţȴ˵


1018 ˴˵
˵ʼ棬ܣ˵ܹɳأĶ졢ŵءΪҲǿŵ¡
Ϊôһ˵ϵԺҲֳڱĹ԰ֻܣ˶صĸоֻܵı֮ڣСŮ
꣬ϼΪûм˵ȥʵ˵ֻôһ㣬ˣ
Ϊɫţæߵ˵ľֻôһ㣬С˲ƭˣ˵㲻ǹһ˵ƭҵİɣ
ˡ
ΪԴײôأͣ˵ˣĲңδ˵мصġΪ˵ţһƤȥ
ϿŲƵƤΪ۾ȴ¶ĳϣ֮ɫҪСݼ壬شˣҪĿģش˵õһЩô
Ƥȷʵ൱عϣصò࣬ص֣Ҳʶֻ˺ٵʱ䣬ϱ㽫ƤصĿ꣬üų˼κʵ˵Ǵʲôʼģжã˵ǴǱһʼ˵
ԭ£Сȷʵ֪˰ǰһ䣬ںöණʧˣ˵пǼǰҲпʮǰ߸࡭
϶ͷϵ֮ɫŨȴоͼڴ½½϶ϵ˵ּʲôˮףʲô֮࣬ƾ֣ͬ㹻ˣЩпǼٵģֵĴȴܣ
ʴ£϶Ϊ˵£Ӧ£ǵͼڵ񣬻ͻǣ⣬ǱĵλԱڸʮ
Ϊеı飬ȫ˷ܣĿģǴΪش˵仰ǰˣȻǰǲҪŭشˣһҪø£
ĿĴﵽ֮Ϊ䲻ٶൢ飬ϽˣΪոߵĴϱ̸ˣûֱ˵˵һĵޣ
û뵽ôֱӣûа֮ǰѹУ꣬峤ѹǿ̫̫ˡ
ֱǹѹ϶ǰɢģټϻиʥɷ룬Ҫǣǰӵˡǿʵ
ԣһ˼˵֮ǰһͬͬˣҪʨ壬壬嶼ͬͬˣ
һܺõľĸõʢĻر
д˼ԣ
ǰ·ϵģҪƿƲľҪ𣡡ϲɫ˵ɫ΢֮ʱֵȻͬͬˣӦ֪ռŵЩɣ
һȥ֮ؾȫ֮ȥѰ
иͼڵҪһ
ɫȴһҧ˵û⡣
ЩӦЩôϸ˴һƿϴ赤û򿪿ȴǺóĶǷƷ
󣬴ϸǣ֮Ŵƿһ֪ƿľʲôǣϴ赤ɢǹϢȴôʧԥأٶȣҹ̵ϻȥ
ӣϱ㽫עڸ鼮ͼھ֮ϣҳʱΣŴҩ֮࣬Աһαչ
ͬʱҲڵЩսţ
ϣ֮һҪսϵһǿ߳ƺŵ˲ɽˣֱӴӲһܻ棬ˣпȣǸӵ˳򣬱ʥͽճɻҽ
㣬ûʸˣ
Сݼը죬켴ɱнгűĵһŻҫնΧСݼΧСݼĿ䣬Ҫ̤Żȴͻطٳɳ֮𣬽Сݼȫ֡
һǰһнΪҽƾèĹڱʥǰţ԰ޱȣȵӵˣҪٲεεŮɾҪһѻˡ
ӵˡƺﲻ˶ָϵģ˵ģлǵһˡ
˶ԻĪϣϣнӵˡѹϵɽճɻңʧ½ϡ
ӵˣ˱ʥǲҳˣȻˣǱʥͽ㣬ͬ壬ȫճɻҰɣɣ
ҵҪճɻҽ


1019 дڣóע
ӵˣڳˣһ㶼ûǱĻϣ˵벻Աʥ˵벻ûʲôֱһǻΪҽѡ
˵ţ˫ּӣʱгǷɻһ¶ȼߡĻһ㣬˷
ɲǼ䣬ʱһƬ𺣣
׼ϷһȺϽȥ꼰˳㣬ܴĿ𾪣׷ţˣˡ
ĺã˭ôŵģһ˷ӣӦԾŸıͼڴ½ĸ֣Ҫͼڴ½죬ǳǿĻͼڣȫȡ·
ǿϧˣĲŮˣǺˬġ
Ǹӵأ
Ȼһ尾ɻҽأ

󲿷ֵˣΪ죬ˡ
м㽫ϵأƲҡͷ˵νĵһǿߣ߱ʥһסĵһǿ˵ȥֱЦ˵Ĵˡ
Ȼֵˣȴȫһָܡ
տʼҲǻҲѣǿܽǷٳɻҵĻܲţɽҲɫţվҪߣȴЦµġ

дڡ
ɽü˵ɲǱȵǻ𡣡
İɣԲµġԺ쿴ĻܿɱڵĻǿ̫ˣɽ˼ţŽɵشȴʱ׼ţֻҪԲԾ͡ɽտ񱼣𺣣ġɽУֺܼܳʱġ
ջ£ɽˣˣ㶼оԾûиоյʹ
һʹûУ
ٶȥ⿴ޱȵһϵûȼסķݣϵĻݣԭǰģúúõģⰻȻ
ûʹ˻оΧĻ棬ϴǵӣͬԡһˬޱȣһڻп
˵㿴ûƭɣܣսʤġ
ɽҲǳԾʵǴˣʲôͷ
ǴġЦ˵ץסɽ˵֣ڻɽ˵Ժ︡ϵӰв¶֮ɫɽˣݵľǿߡ
񻶣ÿһطȴûзСݼĻΧУСݼյʹƴҧţֻΪձΧʱ򣬶˴˵棬Ҳܹġ
һ仰Сݼʹ࣬ȴԹ޻ڡ
ʱ򣬻Ҳо˲ԾΪûһҽ֮ȫǿ֮оȣ˼⣬Ϊʲôķ
ͬʱе˲ǣ˵ǿûûн˿ϣֻٴδݶͼ֮ûȼյøܸ
ڻиոռӴ֮ʱĿȻ־֮䣬ֻס棬ͬˮһ㣬ϯ
һƻ潫аΧסʱһ飬عŭȵʥջȥ
ǣۻôʹǻ涼ûٴջȥԽԽĻ棬ذΧвģֹͣջͼ֮ȵ𣡡
Ȼ򣬻δ
Ŵʹ֮󣬻ڱصط֣ƲԼʩչȥĻ棡
֮࣬ţӵˣȻ֪ʲôֶΣñʥʩչĻձʥֱǻ֮ʥȫһ˺
仰ո˵꣬оƤ⴫˾ҵʹʹûвҽг
˻СݼĻ֮⣬еһȫаס˿˻Ǻúõģõòٺãһûбջ٣㶼ɵۡ
ٿϱӣһһǰжȥǾ˻ꣻرЩǰ˵ã͸͸õˣֹסز
Ҳǿֵ֮ģ
𣬲ֻ˻ᣬҲᣡ
ĻҶԣЦˣʲôȥһ壿
˵仰̤Żеһǿֱ̨ףиоʹƤ˹裬׶Ĵ̹֮ʹʹҪϢ
˱ʥʥҪʲôˣԲ˶ߡȻûһΪ֮Ծ𣬳ȴ˵ɴ˶ע
עʲôע㻹˱ʥΪʥ򲻹㣬ǱƵñʥʹһУ㡭еĻû˵꣬ϾʹĻ˵óעҸʹһУ


1020 
ʥҪʹһУҪ᣿ϵĻӷŭͬҰް֮
Կܲʩչ
ֻ˵һ֮󣬰ΧŻеһɫɻ죬ɴɫ
ɫĻ棬еˣסɽˣԡΪͼڵĻУпɫ棬ʧϼʥ𣡡
켴жųϣȵ㵽ʲôˣôʩչϼʥ𣿡
ԭǽϼʥֻǻֳΪʲô˵ţڻĻ棬ִɫתΪɫ
𣡡
ٴξεľУЩ־壬˭Ȼһ崫˵веĻ𣡡
Щɻ֮ɫ𣬡ףͼڴ½𣿴⵹뺮׵мйں׵ļأ⵹һ⾪ϲֻǣôǴ˵
Ѿеӣеӣȥһαʹһҧ˵ϼ𣬻Ǵ˵е𣬶˵ȴһԵֻҪʥĻ㣬𣬾ڱʥˡ
ҵĻ𣿡ϲЦˣȴ˵̣ҲҪóעûжעûлԵ
˫һƣдʣ³һѪڣʱеӣ㿪ʼ棬ɻеı仯Ҳ͵ΪֹˣֱоһɹѪ壬ȫסôҲȥ
עѵҪóעóעҲûʲôֻҪˣٽע͵ˣһˣôæûдʲôˣ˰죬һѽϵϸ£ϸŵĲ壬ȴһԲεģʯͷȴֲʯͷ
鶫Եע𣿡нϸһ˳ϣϽӹһתԪҺһӦ˵Եעǻ

ȻǲǰҴӦսĶأ
зŭȴòѹ£ʵ㵽Ҫʲô
Ҳò
ʲôûˡ
ǺðɣҪɣΪūͣҸ̵ĻԵϵȻ˵еһоҪƿŭ𣬵뵽ĺô£ҧã
ԼˡϷſ˶ԻеоɣϽʩչɲǼ仯һŻ档
һֱעŻУһ仯ʱ۾ͻشΪ֮棬ܽӻ棬Ҳǹ򣿻˵˵ؼͼڻ᲻ʲôϵ
ɽģǻҲģ½ܸҴܶྪϲΪĳϣȻҲȥҪʥ֮Ψ
ʱŻдʥ֮棬̣
һ䣬׾Ż˽ȥĻУϲѣڱʥıʥ֮£ǹԹԱʥɣߣñʥΪūͣȱʥ̾һؼʱʥǵýĥ꣡
ϲ֮еĻУûȥ룬ڴ˵еôǰף谭Ѵ֮ģͱˣ
ʱļиоܲԾˣô̶̲꣬ڲͣӿ֮ǰɵҲûбʥ
һָоҪű˵ĸоеӣ
ͣ£ͣ¡вɴ󺰳
˵㲻ҪҸ̣̣ɾĻԵΪʲôҪͣأ
ѪӿˣŭǻǹɡűĸоԽԽǿңϾҪгܵļޣɲʹȥתȼӦʱ뷨֪ͨõˣڽڳеˣһҲ֪׮¡
ж¼ƣд䣬ԸΪū͡
仰һһƬž㸡һ뷨ͼڵˣҲΪūͣ˭Ƶס޵еĲɣ
ջػ棬ǰ̽ȥģҲȫ˳Ȼ󣬳˵һξѪ
Ҫʲô
ū͵ģ֪ģ͹Թ԰պá
ҲȻнԼ֣һȭеľѪ˳켴ˡ⡶½ãͼڴ½ϣҲá
ɣȫǷɵˣһֶ˵ҪŻлȥһоһȣٴԶ𣬡⣬Ǹҵģ㲻ܶ


1021 ǣūͣ
ٲڣĲѣ
£ˣһֹķʽ˵ǰ˿ĵһ˲䣬ѿڱ˵⣬ȻˣУ˾ȡ
˽ĿץסĳϣʵǸˣ
ӭսЦ˵üëһҪ˵ʲôȴʵ𣿡
ʲô
ע
ȳ˵꣬˱Ȼ˵һģԣȫҪע˵ֲҪóעҲóɣ˵Ļңһֱۣ㻳еӸҾˣˣô»ģĻ𣬿ɲôýġ
ϿҸо൱õˣ˵ûµġ
𣿡һ㶣û˻⣬ѵ˵ĻȻĻҪҲǻˣôûм㣿
ûľǻˣ
˻ˣûͼ壬ɲؼĻ𡣡˵ţЦˣҲù㾿ֻҪõǻǽ䶨ˣΪҡĿǣ
ǣ
һʣȴһ˦һӿڿգʲô𣬶ˮĻٽһˡ
ΧٴղŻˣֵˮˣͼڴ½ϣ궼ѵһЩǿͼˣôˣ
ǲ֪ڻˮ֮ǰһɽˡ
˵ûиղһĻǿ϶Ϊ彫ᱻһʬǧʬ޴棬ڣܶ˶ˮˣֻ˶ˮ˱Īϣ
ھɵԺеһӡԴ벻ףΪת֮䣬˼ƿأӣôȥ֪ͨңҸô죿ҿǻ֮ˣô˼ҵūͣ
Ż⾪ɵҲȫûˮݵĵˮݣĻ𣬿ȫܽʲôˮĴڡ
Ͽûһ۳ӣ˵һᣬչս򣬾úһ³Ϊūͣ
ūͣūͣˮĳԾˣµҲûк·ˣһȣأʵǿ˾ǹأȽһУ
ˮ˵ţӣͻطֳǧСϪһ㣬ȥͬʱˮݵӣҲһˮֱײϣˮٴ뺣
ˮݱϿϷǣһ֣ǽ߾ȫԼеʵñĿΪΣԴԻϣϾⶼˣ˵ʵȻ
˵úܲʵǿ˾ǹأֻǣʵʵ̫ˣССһˮôܹԾΪأ³һ֣ϳˮУˮ˲䱬ǣˮݷֳİٴȫ˽ȥǽˮݻˮҲɡ
ԾģʩչˮʱԺֳ︡Ǹڶӿһ˼룬ˮΪͼڣֲΪͼڣǸڶγֲܹΪͼأ˵ͼڡ
ˮݳʼҲͻһ˼ˮôܱˮǣͷ£ˮݱоΧסЩˮоϢоϢ
Ȼˮ𾪵ģ⣬𾪵ǳóˮˮڿ㲻˵ûôóˮˮ𱾲ݣУݣͬʱӵˮƭҵģ϶ƭҵģ
ˮ˺𣬻ĴɵǸһ¥Ժǵӡֻͣ߶ţˮڣˮڣ˭
ûˮݵĿ˵ƻأͽѪɣŻһץֱˮݻɵˮץ˳ҳһξѪʩչˡˮݻΪΣһ˴ɵֵܡ
ǣ䵱𣿡ϽˮݺͻӸգ˵ʵɡ
ҲˣȻŴˣҲû뵽˴տˮˣϽعʵˣˮҲж
ˮҲֻҪģ㶼ж
һ仰˵ߵɽˣһͬʱңҵ̬ȣҪȻҲڵϵһū͡
˷ܲѣ뿴һƬȫµ磬ն
ϰڰ֣ղŶԸˮݣȫòʹˮ𣬵ǣȴƫƫˣΪȻĿģСģϵҲ˰ɣϵһܼӿٶˡ
£һɨ˵Ȼˣͳɡ
ܷңȻǲһ㣡ϻˣõǻ𣻶ˮˣõˮ壬ҲʹֶͬΣ
࣬չǴһСɳɳɳ졭


1022 һ֦͸
СҶ죬˶ɻ֮ʱСȴһ㣬ǰһһһĻȺ˾֮ˣҲˣ
ǳ˷ͷˮ֮˶ˣ᲻ỹиظǿͼ
壬λˣҪλˣڿ϶ǡ˵˸Ͻɲס˳˵ȥͰԼ˵ûˡ
ʵصģˮˣǻˣˣλˣλôͬʱˮͼڣӵˮ֮أ
˷׷׵ͷͲѡ
Щ˵һֲ˳ϵĶȻûȥᣬֻǿЦˣ˵׼ƻأ׼ذ£
ȻûлָԼԭòȴ֦һҩݣҩݣơٵζҩ֮еһζ
⹻Ӧҵս𣿡
ˡ
δȫ䶨ҩݾҶǿſޱȵҩ֮Уȴǰ˺ƴ֮ҩʱﻹţ֪ܲܽǲܽҩݿɾͻữƳʱɾͲܹûԼûнӵ
иյ뷨˱㿴һ֣ƼҩݣʱëžƮƮ䵽˳˵ġҶӣһ类紵õʲôȻɱ㻯ȥҩе̺Ӵ
ϼʵעأ
һҩȣŸҪĴ󲿷ҩݣ൱Ӵһҩȶǣ˻԰۾һݣȴɫ䣬ʵĶעأ
ˣôô죡
һţô죿ţʲôֶΣȴ˵ã
áָ䣬˾չҽïܵҶʱȫ䣬ƽâƵ⣬ʯÿһƬҶһɱУѪȡ
Ҷϡ
˹ѾΧ˾ţ˹ȻһԸǣֻЩˣһ߰˰ˣ֪λˣܲнӵ£
δ꣬ЩִӺﱬһ쾪ȣΪ˵Ĺû꣬Ҷɱ֮ģǧ֦Щ֦˴֣ߣųɲƶȥ
һǴɱУʹһƬأһҵɱΧЩ˵ĺЩ˳иͷɱǡ
ٿϣվһҶɱǰ֦ϣ˿׾ͽסϲ֮ʱȴɻ󣬡ûˮȻƲǣҪʲô
벻ףȴһתۣݵʲôֶΣȻҪдǾͱº֣ˣ˵ţǧ֦УһҪȥ֦ͻɴɫ֮ɫ
˾ƣϻûжѾţˣ
ǡʱ˵еɱ𣿡
˫üǾһغȵҾͲţ֮࣬㻹ܶù
㲻ŵ飬кܶࡣ˵ţǸҶǲ֦һ˲䣬ȫҷ𣬻ޣûгֹ
ֻһ֦ɫ֦

˼循УǿֻţôҲǰ£ֻʣɵˣҵزٲ˿еĸоֻв˼룡
Թһ˲˿ɫ֦һ֦û٣
һ֦͸ģ
һ֦֦ת˳ȥȻǳɫ֦ʲôž綾ûлңͷų֦ȻͲپ嶾֦ؼ
Ȼ֦䴩֮˷ľսĲҽУ̵ظоǹĨȥڵϢ֦ʲô
˵ҲûɱˣĻǾ͡
˵ţȦɣȻͿһɲǼ䣬ʹ״СңУ£Ҫ֮С
ҡҡͷҲ㿴Ǹڷ仯˵˫ţСȡȡСزȵȡ
УһһҵĺУ
ȫ֮أѾֳΣֻȫѪǹ֣ͲܳΪһˣ˶ųϣҵ
ҩأ


1023 ֮أܾ˵ջ
ҩأ
ȴûϵʻžԹԵ˵ţǿϢѵʹֶΣ
֮ǰ㶼˹أԣҲɱ㣬Ҳ㽫֮ΪūҪԼһҾͳȫ㣡˻Ѫ˿ڣٴֻۣһƤ
˲˵֮أӶǧŰپʮһȻҩȣҩŴϡҩ֮⣬Ŵ󱦲أ˵󱦲˸ָ챦֮⣬״ͼʦͼܣͼ֮ܣ
˴˵꣬Ұ׵ϣȴǳЦݣ֮ǰ֦֮ҪЦݣϵĶĶעҩȣˣҪ߳ҩڵء
ڣ˵ȷԼĶעҩڵ˵˳ǣȴǴ˵ģһ֪ˣڳˣȫ֪ˡ
ң˵ͼڴ½ˣ͵ֵ˵ջ󣬴ͼʦ׽׵ͼ飬Žƾһ㣬˷񣬳ҩȶȥ˵һ䣬ͼ֮ܡ
ܣ϶øͼϹֹˮҪͬͬ˵壬ʱпܻᷭˣǹ
һýֺͷ붼ףҪõҩȣѣӣ
ϿЦݣʲô⣬Ц˵ʵҲ룬Ŀĸ͵òѣΪܹϢˣȫɱ⣬㣬ˣ
˱ҧ˵Ǵңǣȴڳˣȫɱ⣡
һЦԪڤȻɲ䳤ԪڤӶȥеˣȫȦ˴󾪣ŵˣûʲôû
Һ¶ϵ˵һ䣬˵Ҳɱ㣬ҲɱǣΪעܺãһæ
ˣǿӵϸղ˵仰
켴ϲᣬԪڤ٣תªȥΧ˱Ԫڤסȫ˿ʱŰĵͬʱΪ˵Ϣּ˷ˣҲϢ滹Ǽ٣ǸԸţϢģϢǴ˵Ŀ˵ġ
ֻǣηǣϢҩȣڲ֮ء
֮أ˵ò˽ȥ䣬ǡ֮ء䣬ûʲôܹá֮ءµģ֮ޱȣǿޣŸָΣν壡
ôû˵ĸ߽֮أܻųģ
ǧŰپʮ·һ֮·
ǴΣգǣΣ̲Ŵ˵ǲģʲôıǶҪȥˣȥһԣһǵõǸܣǿɾһˡ
֮ܣ壬ΧĸһʱɢȥˣҪϢϽŴȥǸˣ۾ӵĹâҲȥˡ
ܿģϢʹͼڴ½ͼڴ½ˣ˵õϢ֮ؽԭҪĸҲעתơ
峤˵ţȲæȥǸˣҲɱˣ֮صҩȴܣǱҪõ֣һǿģͼʦͼ飬ʲô塢壬ȫڻ£彫֮ףңǸ˿϶ҲҪȥ壬Ǹպÿڲ֮أ˳ˡ
峤ôģʨ塢峤ҲôģѾɳȷ֮ز̽ȥ
õϢ峤һ֮ȴ
䶯ʱȴһƬ˿ţ֮أȻҪȥֻҪ£ȥҲ֪˲֮صգһõҩȡ
ҩܣǰսϵģԽԽ٣Ҳֵ徲רоͼڣʱļͼھѵԽԽ࣬ȻûͼͼھѶо͸ϻо˺üʮͼ壬ҿǲܣʵԶӡ
ʱڣСݼսȴûֹͣЩĲ䣬һһСݼ̶̰ʱڣǰʨĸͼ壬඼˳塣
ʨ峤ȻǷǳŭǣֻ̣ҪһϾĻᣡ
ɽѭԼձڸս
ϿҪҿͼ֮ʱ꼾ֻа¡
һҹ峤ִ壬ϡ


1024 ɨ
峤ҹΪ£
ˡ
峤ûаڳ峤磬ޱȣ֮صҩȴĴʱˮͼ֮ϢҲ˳ȥصһˣ磬ڲңڳϡ
һˡ峤Ͻ˵һ¡
ô£
Ŵ˶Բ֮صҩȺ뷨һҲõǸܡԼҰģڴǰģпܵòʧ̹Ȼ˵һüƻ°빦սҩ
ϲ峤˵۾ݹ⣬ǾǣŸ彫עڲ֮ʱһ֣Ըһɨܻľͻ𣬲ܻľ͸˺ٵǴ󲿷塢壡õԴ߷ֳɣɴѡҪͼڼһ彫ᾡȫȥѰĵõҩȣǸһ干Уȫڴˡ
峤˵仰۾һתתضųϣȻ֮ǰкܴģܹ˵ж浽ʱ峤ȴЩˣ񣬲˿
κ󣬳ʵͼڼأ
һʣ㽫峤ˣͼڼɲЩԴЩԴˣֻҪǿʵͿٴطõܵõࣻǣͼڼȴһ֮ѪЩԴȵˣ
ͼڼҲ˳ȥ峤ͱٵȥˣΪ嶼ֲᷴģһλᣬһҧ˵ˣļ֮أô˽ȥɴ˹ۿϣԭµѴ
Ҹӡ
ûͱˣ峤ȴǼѣæ˵ţллˣģͼͼ񣬾һҲ䲻
ȥ֮صģ϶ֻͼڲ䣬ʲô塢ˮ֮ģͼʵɲ򵥣ô죿
峤˵˿϶а취
ҳ֣

ҳ֣ɸ𱨳ꣿûΪһߵʶ峤Ҳûаֱ飬ǾȻӹأȡһ鶫ǡǱȳϸصĺɫƣ꣬˾ù
δãʲô
оȣһ˿仯峤˵ȴûκιļأоһһо߰˰꣬ȴûκջأʽ򣬻֪ѰҴʱ򣬲ͻȻӽ˳
˵峤һ£ֵҲµòӦҲд
ɨһ峤֪룬˵ӳһֵûƽ峤Сֱ̣˵ҿԳ֡
ˣ֮󣬱㿪ʼж峤˷ܵ˵ʵͲϢǼٵģǼٵĻǰæһ
ֻҪпܣֵƴһƴˣǸܣ̫Ҫˣͼڴ½ѾкܶûͻƵͼһˡ
תʵͲ£³֮ɱڣ
峤ɫһΣŴ˲
ϵ˵˵Ѿ壬аٷ֮һٵϣڵ֮󣬽ҳȥ
һ仰峤Ͻ˵֤ûУţҿԷͼѪģΥʵʹֹͣ
ˣ㲻÷ʲôͼѪģǺôһƻĻһʱ򣬲κε˵ţȴͼѪħѪģӦǲİɣΥͼڣҲħ
峤ЩֻţȴǼᶨ˵ţ˵Ǿֵġĵ˵֮󣬳峤ҪһСƿѪԶȥ
籩֮󣬱Ҫγɡ
ڵڶ죬ڣЩʣµĸҪ֮ˣȫˣ̽ÿһÿһεεı仯ѪҺȵȡ
ҹ֮󣬳Ϸһͼھѵˣٽ峤ѪԱ󣬱۾ϸϸһõһϢ
ʱ֮󣬳ۣ֣˵ȻҲ²ǰ㣬ͼھѣͼ֮


1025 ͼ֮أ
֮ǰ̽˵ʱǲ²ͼ֮γܾйأΪ½ϣеĹ;մϱߣô룡
Ըͼ˵ϸо֤ˣϵĲ²⣬ûд
νͼڵǿ൱½졢ءֹ㣬ŵȼϵĲԽǸ߽׹תԪƷ׾ԽߣԽǾͼڴ½˵ͼԽǿת߽ףͼ֮Խǿ
ĳ֣½ͼڴ½ľͼھѣ
ͼھѣѵľǾֵľǾҲй·ߣ
֮󣬸ͼ˱㰴Ǿ·תγͼ֮ͼǿģй·ǿģûбϸǰ壬й·߼ҲС
ΪʲôѣǾĺйأǴͼھѵԿףҶԺǳҪڳϿһ־
ݶԺüʮͼоʱԺﶼֱͼڵ񣬳ջ֮£ͼڵҲ;˾ʱֵľת·ߣ
ǾͲͬͼԣͬһͼԽԺͼڵԽӽʵѵþԽ죬Ǹת·ߣҲϸ΢Ĳ𣬱Ǳǿ֮֡
˵һͼ壬ֻҪ㹻ͶͼھѣʵоУЩˣҲͼڣ˾Ҿѵʱ仹Ƚ磻еģޱȣͼôѲˣôҲ֪Ǹת·ߣԣֻܳΪеСߣ
ϿʼΪǸ½һйϵȷǸѪйϵÿͼѪһ
˵ͼǿѵľǿôѪǾͼ壬ǿ
ܹǿѪֵҩ΢ıһЩԭ̥˹ǡ
ͬһͼ˵ѪҲǿ֣֮˵峤˴Ѫͺܲͬ壬峤뱻նɱ䣬ѪҲǲһ
˵ͼ壬ϻȷǾ˵Ͽ϶ޱȣѪ֮УеѪóϳ֮ΪѪ
崫еȷʵѪϤĸоǣָо΢ܵ峤ϵȻһָо
Ѫһ˵峤ѵеùϣ
ʲôͼս͸ýˣͼս似ûʲôֻͼսͼ֮ǽͼڶϣ似ԣΪһȱ似ǰ䣡
Ȼ˽һ߰˰ˣǣһЩҲûȫЩѾˣƳһЩøǿĵҩƳͼ֮õ󲹳ĵҩ
˻Ѫٸǻ˵ӦǻøǿɣԺкȻظ뷨Ѫ侭Գ˵㲻ʲô¶ǣϵü֮䣬ͬʱ˵֮ɫ˾᲻ǵͻ
΢һ֮󣬳˵ֵܹһԣһСݼϾ峤źܴģСݼ϶ͬǣҲһǾǻѪ壬ܽ
һĻǾͻͼ飡
¶ҪоףΪԣǳãҲǳҪѪĵһˣ
ûʵĴɨֻ죬ڵ֮ҪģսƳܹͼ֮ĵҩ
£ϽЩռҩݣ½ϲԪԪĵһʱ䣬оһܹͼ֮µ
ӣǷӡ
ªΪģԲײ󷨣ϿԿҲоκһ˿˿ǣ˿淢ʲôӴ
ʱ˿̣ŵģ޾棬֮Уǧ¯ʩչҩݱԪҺţڻ֮У֮£׼ȷ¯
ţ֮ӣҩݾڣ͸䣬֮ͣʱ֮󣬵ɣ
һԣŵҩ
ȡͼ
ͼǳ࣬еֲǣѾ͵ʮľӶԣȴֻķ֮һ˵ӵһͼ
ңһͼȽϵͽףڣͼҲܲķ֮һͼ֮ܲ䵽ķ֮
ͼڴ½˽Ա֮صҩȴ֮ʱһɰӿ


1026 ɨʼȦ
죬һζ
һգͼڴ½Ķһ£һл汦ʮˣڸϻ·ϣ塢塢塢塢ʥӥ塢ȾŸͼ͵Ϯ汦һȴƴӻ壬˽͵Ϯ˵֮󣬱һͷ˹ȥ
ʱŭҪ˳ֻһ˵
ԥأ峤丽ͼֱ֮·ɱŸͼ壬ٶ֮Ѹ٣֮ŸͼԼͷֺᣬֱӽɱһɾ
峤˺ܶ׼Ӧ縶Ҫ˲ٶҩھƵĹ֮£޷ķûκεֿʥӥ֮ķϵͼ壬ҲУתͼ֮ûᣬֻɱ¾
Ÿͼ屻֮ŭǵȻԼĸ𣬿ǣһڵվȽŸǵѾ֮бϵ¶
Ȼɱ˾Ÿͼ壬ûͣɱĽŲɨȥָͼһ⧲ǶΪ˾Ÿͼ壬Ӧй˷ߣٶͼ֣ȴ֪ͻ˽١
Ƿ׷Ǵ壬峤ȴ˵һ汦ڽȾŸͼ䵽壬汦Ҫã˵ϵһˣһҪһ
峤֮ʱͼ壡
ͬʱҲ˽Сݼûʲôɣǰ漸µϰߣֱɱ˹ȥĵһսǾʨ壡
һεսҲСڣԲ룡
㵽ʱ󲿷˻ûнжϵûϵŴı
֮󣬳վ˾ʨĵϣСݼһһվɽػߣŨŨİ⣻СݼҲվˣһǻ⣬һˮݣˮǽյʵòСݼĻ
񣬾ʨͬûϵô֣û˿֮£ɱʼݣʼնûг֣ôš
СڵǷգսʿǣһ˿СգҲǼ֣սֱǸߺšá
ϼ״ﲻ뵽СѾ󣬲֪᲻ʲô仯ͼڼ룬ʲô
ţ۾ͻشŹ⻪ޱȣΪСڵϣֳһȦȦӵԪҺȵĳϣȴǿ͸Ҳ²ȦʲôɣֻǸоȦӵĪܣҿСڵģܱȦΧ
Ĺƣʨ˿ɵǵ˹ʨڲʱĽŲͣסˣǰһþʯ޽ߴʮɵľʯϣʨƾʯϣסơ
ʯ֮ڣȫǾʨֱϵѪվھʯ֮ϣŵؿ𣺡ǣǲǺ
˿û꣬СڳʯϷȥ
˷ˣ˳һһغţãá
ʨ˿ֻӷлңȴӲźܽڿգҲٻҾʨһޱȣٻ֮ǽ
ߺţʨ˻Сڷ˹еĹСڻʮ֮ʱͺȻ飻ţСϸСצĵ˾ʯϡ
¡죡
Ǽ̵ľʯϣˣˣһŷˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˿˻棬ȵؼУϵ۾ѩ÷ʱСϵǵȦԽŨˣҹȦΧһЩ
ԺһĪǣȦйأ
ʩչ񼣵Сڣֻص˳ϻСݼѾĹɱսʿӿʨĻûֹܹ
ȴʵСڣǵȦô¶
Ҳ̫Ӧúйϵһγֵʱ򣬾ʱָо
ϳ˼죡
ͬʱʨеķƣֻһ֮ңԶ˸սʨֱϵѪҪĴɢսѰŵգһӰͻһȣץסˡ
һֱվߵɽˣӰȥ


1027 黨Ϊ֣
ɽ£رһ
Ǹ񱼵ľʨˣֱӱһڵأȥʮԶﾪޱȣͷһɽˣҶӶû֫ķȥһһ̧ͷȴǼһޱϤӰ
Ӱ罿ȻޱȣòǰĶֻ۾Ŀ⣬ǳޣᶨĳޣ
գ
ȴʨɽ
ʨɽ֮󣬱ǰζˣȴŪ֮ֻǾֵغţգҵסҵ·ϽһȥҪȻ
ҪȻҪҪңҪһ壿ø䣬ֱ͸ʨɽ裬ʨɽҲһ㶣ӡ֮УմΨΨŵŵģǿƹǰֻҪһ񣬾ŵûɴʱģȴʨɽ
գǰչķϣһһ·ɡʨɽʼˣ˫ϥŵأڵϣֻ۾ȴ˸һ׹⡣
տʨɽԼǰоеһڶ˵չңʨɽǺһչˣչ˵
գ㣬ҸͷˣŹҰɡ
ʨɽҲн죿ͷģһҪٱ֮𣡡
ģʨɽȻһ߿ͷһ߰ţȴԽԽʨɽ׼һͷʱͻرܶһӾͽոץ
̫ͻȻɽ˵ķӦһץʨɽЦˣԶӵӵĻ֣ӿ϶ƽ߳
һȫʬɽ˵ʨɽЦ˵˰ɣ㣬òЬû뵽㻹ȥ
ʨɽ˻һɽһֱȵ۾ͻرѪ죬ʨɽڴ̼ôŭˣˬˣٲˬҲţԣǸӹ£Ӿ϶˿ڡ
ɽ峤֮ӣһεɽ峤ҪЮң㲻뿪к֮·ɽ˵ŵǡ
ʨɽ۾һȴ˵㵱ɵӰֻҪסˣܽõ㣬Ͻ£ţʨɽ֣
ɽЩҪյ۽ǣߵ䣬ɽ˵ɽ峤ֻһǲֵ֦ô
ϲ㣬㹻ˡ
ҪôãұѾ½˾㽫ҵĴ򿪣һѣҳȥʹһʹܽԼůаγһݽȥҲβģĻһٽӵң½񶾵Ůˡ
˵ţϵˮ
յÿһ֣ƴ󴸣ɽ˵ʱɽеǿŰ֮˲ѿҶ
ǰ㶯
ɽû˵ɽˣûֻ˵ңǴɽĳŵ
Цˣɽǻ㡣
ʱ̶ĿЦ֮ҸգʨɽЦӴ̸飬˵ˣ浱ΰˣû룬ʪûʪ
ʨɽΪ֣ϣǺ֣ᳵ·Ҫյ֮ȥ˵ĺܴ󵨣Ȼңٲǰңֻ֣͸ˡ
£ʨɽоֱ۴ҵʹۿȥ֣Ŀʼˣŧˮ׹Ǳٱڣһһػ
ˣ㵽׶ʲô
죬Ҳõ
ǣʨɽ죬Ҳõˣ䡢ͷ縯
㡭
ʨɽҲ˵ˡ
۾ҵӣҲӦõ
ǣʨɽۿѪˮӹ
ĸã
ķθã
ã

ӣеһУã
ʨɽˣǧٿף
ɽ˼ߵǰӵڻУģ˽ӽԺҾɽٳ֣

յӦ
һĻսϵİ£СݼˣףҲˣԼİԼ飬Լůģ֪ںδ֮ˣζܿңˣҺܿͻˡ
ϸжˣǰ˵գΪ֣Ը⣿
һαϲˣСݼ£ŻعϽ˵ˣֻǡ
ѵ㲻Ը⵱ãϴյĻ˵նųϣһݣԸ⣬Ը⣬ռֳ
ϵͷתͷɽ˵Ϊãɽ峤´࣬ҪԶãҪһƬ飬úõأԶأػ
ˣɽԸͼѪģԶػգ룡ˣأ
ãұɽ׳֮Ϊõļױ֮գҾʹ㣡
ɽ˵۾ʱϲ֮ɫȴϼ˵ǣΥԣںδɽж߶󣬾ǿԽǧ½ɱ㣡
ģ
ԺһҸɡ
˵꣬תˣ¸жһͿա
СݼҲڸжʱ峤ǽ˸飬ûз־ʨ峤ټ

Сݼ۾һݣ˵ǷߣҲҪʨ峤ҳ


1028 ʮˣ
ʨ֮أǱߣػرߣȻûҵʨ峤κһټץ˾ʨֱϵѪ֮ʣҲ֪
СݼģֻգȴѹεõһԴߵĻ⽫ʨ˸ҽˮݣ˵ûзߺ֮Ż⡣
ֱʨ屻ˣ˲Żع׵׷ʲôΪҪͣ½ŲȽԭھʨʱȴǱһתǵɱȥŵǡáǱάáϵš
ɵۣ֪徿Ҫʲôֻã̫ܻд¼ˣҵעǷڲ֮ϣΪõǸҩȴܵĻԼʵʵʱʲô̰ʲôԴֿã٣٣
˵꼾ͿҪˡ
壬õϢҲֻһսʿøվʮɱ£ڵľӢȴǱ֮ͨصĶҪϣзɱ
һ˵ȣΪɱ֮£ܹ֤ܵõǸܣȴϣԼѣ˶˵
ͬʱҲת䣬ȫ壻ԭ֮ʱ׼ģϾʵǿǣһԶ£壬峤ɻȴӦ峤ǲ֪СڻҪȥһЩ¶
ɨϢУת֮ݱһԭ֮ƣ
šáսʿʿδ˹֮ԳΪĵ̣һֱǰʤʤ
һһʤСϵǵȦԽԽԽԽŨѾоЩѹʱ򣬳Ѿҿ϶СϵǵȦ˵֮
ֻԼ֮ھһ࣬ûȫŪ֮һʲôǣ˿ӰϷһ
Сݼÿһͼ壬ͼ֮תСΪͼڣСڣãһҪܴ֮ﵽһĸ߶ȣΪСڵǸ룬Ҫͼڴ½һ
ǣһ㣬ͼڴ½ͼ˵ǲܵ飬Ͼÿͼͼڣǵľڣڣĳһ̶ֳ˵Ǹڡ
ҪȻѣ
ȴҲ˲ţһз֪ˣϼƲߣһ棬ѡһʵ˵úܾ׺ˣ䵱áʹߣԶ̬Щǿѹȵƶ֮ˣж£˳á֮һ棬ٰв߻ԭŷͼڣʮ֮£ǶԭͼڲɣһһջдЧááԼ񼣣ü֮أһȵȡ
ϲ˷֪֮ߣ帺£Գʵ˵ɣһ
֪ȻǸм㣬ͼ֮ģɴ£
СݼûɳĴսȻţƾڵʵټϴˣСá֧һ£ȴǣıӣתսĸͼ壬ĸΪһ¼ҹˣ
ʮ죬ͼڴ½꼾
Ͽűúɡ죬ӿ𼤶ſԣҲһĪɱУɫָԭ鶯̬֮
ͬʱͼڴ½ӣһ㾹Ƿ֣ٹ죬ʮӣ
ʮˣ
ͼڴ½ϣһ˵꼾ǲᷢģսģҲȸ岻ôĽԭ֮һ
СݼʾҪͣʱȴǵ˵޷ǰ
ˡ
СݼȰ˵Ϊ꼾̫Ƶܻص˺ӴϵĿ⣬в˿϶а취˺
Ȼ뷨ܷ˼Сݼȴˣ£룬Ȱ˵ĻҲ˻ȥᶨŵӦȥˡ
գΪףһ㣬עĻ˺Ļ͸ƣԼһ̵ȴûϲеֻǻ½ϵĵ
ǹÿɻã
ֵ˼֮ʣһӣȴԶһһߵǰ˵սģĴ˵ڽսᣡ


1029 ŭģң
ӣ߰˳࣬ø࣬Ƥ֮ɫɢһѹȴͷգŵ磬Щƣ
ͬģѹ̫ˣǳϵʵٵһ㣬Ʋ
ŵģȻе磬ƽ˵㲻ʱսģʱҵ˼
һЦص㻹Լ¶ˣ˵ս㣬ֻһ˵ѣ˵ս㣬˵ɱ㣬ս㣡
ƾô
֪ӵ𣬻ˮ٣㣬֪Ҿ˭֪ΪʲôҪ꼾һ죬𣿡
ŷǳ䱣̩Ȼ֮ɫ̩Ȼ֮ɫ£ȴڲزסĿĿһУ
ջĿ⣬ӣʵҪ֪𣿡ȻƽһɱǣǿпкµĴ꣬Ҫ䵽ʱԶһߡ
㵱ȻҪ֪Ҫ֪ǣףƷͼʦͼֻһ֮ңŵЦţһδɫһȴû⣬𴽽ǣ˵֪Ϣʲôܣ˿εĲӿˮ٣֮֮ܽ£ˮپ½ǿĴڣ粼һյĻ£ҵʵᱩʮɣ
ȷʵǿ
˫־ڿһգ˵ȻǿΪҵĴϣʵ㹻ǿһս֮ұԵõͼ֮ߣֱ̤ͼ龳磡Ӵ֮֮ͼڴ½۷壡
£˫һ磬һȣޣ
켴ӰϣǸֶڳһӸ¡̬Цһ飬ǣ٣ҿ㣬ôƽĴ˵ôȥ
ȻһɢڿյʱǵޡҲǺԤ׵أƾʧˣ׼Ǳޱȣޱȹڵصɵˣʧô¶ôʧˣ
ޣ
˫һݣ˫ն£ȵնһն飡ʩչ㽫۾סն
ննʱٴβˡޡĺ󳾣Ե޹ʵʧ
ܣôʧأ
ţҡͷĳϣǳޱȵĽʱ޳鵶նһԾգѪȣѪ棬֮ܣɱǰ֮У
лصһżɫ֮⣬ѸȻûڣ£ӣʼŤأŤһִ״
ݳɵ״һΪǵ֮⣬һΪ棡
Ϊ硱֮֮ŭ
£硱ǧ֦ѾĵߣǣЩûĴӿ˲ֻһֻƣƣ
ʩչ֮ŭƣ
ʱѹ趯磬ȴΪֻźһ㣬ΪĪƣ
ȥɡҲ̺źƴƣŭˣôҲ𣿡
ƾҪŭĶ£ϲ˵ʵŭģң
ŭʲôãһ֮
һˡ֣δڣѾ̽ץסֻƣץסһ˲䣬Ϳʼ޾ĲֲǾԵȼǾʵǾϵĲͬһ񣬼Ļһ㡣
šꡱķѣ
㵽˭˺ޱȵغҲİӦս㣬ôսңҲġ
˵ţǵ硱ҲƬƬ飬һҺѪȾڿգȫ֮ѪҰ׼棬ɱˣ
УǼɫȦһһɢ䣬磬ǰǿ֮ʮ
Ͽʣתرһɫ磬죬ȵǧ
˭ǧͻٻǿЦЦ͸ҸѪ˭ֻС
ţ
Ȼֹеġǧϵ֣ۣ


1030 ˿ŭɻ
һȳ
嫲е磬ٻһ㣬׶ۣ۳һѽ
֮ʼ֮ɣʮɣһƺƴ֮
ң֮״ģؽȫȻ޶
ֻĲۣ֮ȴǲСԽԽСʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɣɣɡ
Ȼڼ٣
Ҳһߣ
֮С֮ʱľٴκڿգôܺһ㣬峤Ҳ峤Ҳֻֻ֮ܽСֻһڵ棬ܣҡ
ǡ֮ʱһɰ߿ܣҲʧޣ˸оַֺǣ˭ô۳ĽֻһװΣûа
״оܣڣһҪʹżɫȦײȥ
ɭȻղ˵֮һʲô治ģ֪ܹ֮ǧȫΪɫԭ
ûɫ磬ȽܽȦͣǧ֮һգۼ䣬ϱֻ֮࣡
ȷʵǿʵ̫ʲô棬Ҳ̫ˡ
˵ţ֮ն£
ʱȦֱӱն÷飬ǱͼɫʧӰӿΣѾǽľ̿Ѫѷ죬׹ǣڵأԹȥ
͵һնǸʵȦն鵽ޣȴǻһûΪϲлвʡ
ڿգڳϣ͸ȥӿ뵤ɫܻƹػţ絶δ⣬֮նȦʱоȦﴫķŭǰɫľȡ̾Ϣһоʵޱȣ
ǵһθо϶ʧ񣬵Ѿŭ˿ʣµģֻǳ˼棬пʵĴڣֻǲ֪ͼھȴܴ֮赽ܣطܣͼܲܣǲܣ棬ʲô
ϿŲ񷣬Ժͻأرĳһ뷨ҲͼڣǳͬҲܣ죬ء
ڶĻ棬ٴθ֣˾
նȦ֮ûɢһ֣֮Ϸ߰㣬ν˳ϵĵɫ磬Ȼɫûǰǰɫ١
꼾ȽܼȴҲ˵һֱƬҲͣЪļЪڣ۾ɨĳһڵأûȥǽɽˣʵɽ壬ûɽһĴڣͨ׼ѪõЩɽܣ
ɽˣֻ۾ɵûԲ췽ҹ̷һ㣬ҡҡͷ˵ˣ磬ô£һû˵
ɻ֮ɫŨˣɽɽ峤û˵ǡ
ʱɽ˵ҵǶ˵ڻسΪһɽܹɽ֮ʱһЩ飬֪Щ棬ûи˵¡
ϵ˵ͷûٽлѯʣֱӽŪѣϣֻţʵ˵˵¶
桱֣ƺӿҲģ׳һҲûʲôͷˣ֪£ûţҿԸ㣬ˡ
ϲֱ˵ҿ

ʱסˣѿڶʵ˵ģģ

˵ţһ˿ڡ
оʱϲ̶ȴǳĬܻţ˭ֲأʵ˵ǰ֮˸ûʲôޣֻ֮ǰ飬ȫ۸е֪ŭģ֮£ʧȥǣЩ˺ڲѵĳ嶯֮¡
ǣŹǣ̧ͷųϣȴ˵Ӧ֪ҵ֮Ǹ洿ʶ壬ҿøǿ
ڳ˵仰Ҳţ֮ǰǧĳ棬Ǿˣ
ܹȥܹøǿջǰ޷ܾ֮һҧ˵棬֪Ҳֻ֪࣬ǺǿǿĴڣͼڴ½үүһΣʱڱս㣬˵ս㣬Ҳ뿿ɱȴ֪Ȼ
Ͼȥһ塣
꼾Сݼֱϳ
Ľ棬Сݼһ˾㲻֪ǣȴ˫۾һУӣѾʹˣرǵϵ۾ɨصλʱоԼˡ
ˣܶԸģøϽߵĴϱ֣


1031 ͼڣ
ŨŨĻ֮£һֻ鼲ǰš
ͻȻ磬Ԥ׵ƿնҪɢֻȻ꼾ߵĶ飬ŵˣٶδϰֻ֣ԹԵţͲ統һ¶
ۿҪ£һӰֱڿգ󡢿ֲǷ磬û壡
һĻȴ˼СݼĿȫĳݣؼǵð֮ǰһ罵ٵĻ棬˾ŲѣֱΪĩʱҲһ㣬ԾڿգһֽǧУֱڳ˸ľżһ·һ磬ܹȫ˽ҲΪˣϰΪٶȸˣǽţдڣڣûʲôǲɵģ
˺ǿɽˮ磬˼ֱһĴڡ֮Сݼսȭͷ۾ޱȵĹâ˵ͼڴ½ǧӽԺ󣬴ˣҵ
ΪͼڡΪͼڴ½δ
գСݼΪһˡ
Сݼǵоܿɳ֧֧פһ֪Ѿƹǣɱǵϳ
·;ΪңԶˣûгǰֲٶȣˣ㼲ٱһ°룬ŵأһ°֮ڣϲ֪˶磬֮ڵɫ磬Ҳָ˸մʱ״̬
ˣϻ磬䳤ˣȻ䳤ֻô˿˿ȷʵɫ䳤ˣֵʵϺȻ˷Ժǵɫ綺ƵĻ棬Ҽͣȥɫ磬øǿ𣿡
ˣѾٵߵΣȻǺ֪Ǵû˼Σյ꼾
ԣģΧˣСݼǲŹκһ©֮㣬ΧˣûеõһϢ
һһȥ
ڵ죬ɱڲ֮أɽײϣӶ䣬ɢʱ˲һŭ𣬡ʲôˣҹ壡
˻شǸ˵ʲôˣ嶨öȫɱɾö硭˵־ȵ
˵ֺһߣЦ˵ö֪һˣͶԶöҸǣǴˡ
ȵ˵ţһͷһ°ĭȫƤںɫű֫鴤ŵأˣ˼״Ͻתͼ֮ȴͼ֮͵ãϱڣɾִȣõʲôΪʲôܹ
ˣ
Ҳԥصˡ
һˡĵ
Ц˾˲һ죬ҵ˵ֶһƳܽĶҩ־ͽжʮ㣬ĿԶޱؼǾ仰ֻҪģܽ䶾
վߵɽˣһ飬תͷЦҾǶԼҲᶾġɽûΣȴһصԸһж
ЦãҸˡ
һԵĳϣҲյĻӳȥĶƵĶ䣬Ƿͬ죬˵򶾲֣ϣѪ֮Ѿôֵܵס
ģжҲģȻѪؼ䣬ҲʹжĴڣֻһûǰһ֮ǰ޼᲻ݣﲻƣǽǰȴ粣ֽм
Լ棬ǧܴ⣬ԼһлᣬȻҪ
綾סĽŲֻת֮䣬͹ĵĵطҪĸʱһ֮⣬ͻȻ֮أСݼô˹ƣɽɽǧˮˮͣҲ𲻵ýֺ
άҲһԣȴֹ
ӦþνĽɣǱȾľĽǿ˲١ţԺʱɻ󣬡ʨӵо磬˵ĵҲӦнŶԣȴûг֣᲻ʨ峤ʧйأ
ʱڣЦһ壬Ѿڳ壬һɻĴУͻʧ½ϣ磬᲻ɴݣ˭ҲƲˣǵҲܣ
Сڷ˿Уﺰ֮˵Ժصһö赲ס̣
䣡
Ѿ


1032 ̽磬񡰻ġ
ڣԾſԺĺһ
ڿеСڣ˲ǰֻСצӣһսʿǣͻɽ鱩һ
һϤޱȣֻСצùϣ¹ʨʹߣƵʨϣڣҪ磡
䣬䡭
СǵȦԽԽĿһƬУСڵצӰ磬׼ϰѷ֮ʱСڵ۾ͻһջСצ
⣬սʿˣڵȴǼҲйֻõĴ˵ֻ֪õצӣЩŵԼ֪Žֻӣ
ʱеĴʯͷ׵طˣЦǰҿôȥ
׳գ
СڽֺԺͷһϸҧϣɻֻҪʲô
ͷ䣬ꡱһꡱͬʱĲͻӿ죬㿴˵ļޱȵ磬Ȼҧһ
꣡꣡ꡭ
ÿһꡱҧ˵ع𣺡죬ĹɱУ飡
Ҳѹֻüꡱȥͻᱻꡱɸɾ˿ٴ棬жâɣкˣ
СȴʲôҲܣС죬ҧøˣҲһҧһһҧһƬ˶СС죬СС壬ôҧôķΧ̵ôĶ
ֻгŮɲʲôӣǾɫʮצԣ֮ǵȦѾʮɫˣǸ磬С磬ΪСڸоȻһ˿٣ǺܾŴˣСڲŸצΪ죬ҲҪ̸ɾ
䣡
һ죬һſڣСȥ֮󣬾ǼֻǰСڣҲһ¡
˺øǴˣ˿˿ţ
Сȴûиоһ㣬ֻǲͣҧ磬ھڽСסʱһ۽⣬ͻر̵ֱˣ˻ˣŲ۾˳ϡ
һ֮˿ֻһֻӣȻڿҧѣȴʧӰ٣·ûгֹƵġ
˲֪ղǽһУ׷ʲô֪ȥѾ￪ʼˣ෴ˣս⣬ڱСݼһ֮£ͨѾҧĽ磬ɱ֮ء
Ƭ̣ȫСɸɾСڻصϻԺСóԣٳһ㡣ϸо˿Сڣǿ׳˲٣Цȥҡ
켴ϱСڣǰꡰһҽУڵأʵͼڼ֮
Ҳ֪֪Ҳ㣡ոպ֮ǽҽУΪʮѪʵأ
ҡ
һɣ㿴˳Ͼ֣֮£ѿں˵Ҵȥ굱ײײǰȥߣ޺ţļ֮أͿԽģΪǣҴȥǴȥ
棬ҵĺɱ弱Ԯȥ֮ȴһǰԮҲСݼǣսǽȣټϣло綾
һ֮ųϺСڣʥļ֮أ˼֮أߴվڴ˴ȴܽϵĻŵ磬һ
յڵأصˣɱˣ뽵ɱɱǰˣ
ϲᣬֱ֮ȥߵſڣһصģ˿ӵڴôߣ
ɫ䣬һ˽ȥ
ʱڣһɴֱײϣϲˣ̤ڶǹɴײڳϣȥײһҡΡ

һصڼڣһŭ𣺡һᣬ㻳ãһ壬򣬶𣡡
ֱĤһ֮£ͼڼǰ
һצۣצڿշȥƸܿܿɢһɵϣòƴ˵еϡ
ǣģһ֡ģ


1033 
ġ֣
ǳѰġġ֣ббâ㣬УΣһ𣬹ֵƫƫǰںϣ
Ͽġ֣һоȴУ
ڶо̺ľսܣ·ܽһ㣡
Ҫ֪ʱĳϣʵ֮ʥҲ֮һսǣһġ֣ȴóо֪´֮ˣǶôֲĴڡ
ģʲôʲô壿˭µģϿ˿еСڣСеĿ⣬Ҳȫ۽ڡġ֮ϣһѵС˵ģҪֵһĸ׵ĶĪСڸ׻ĸ£
ԴˣҲûȷеĴ𰸣ֻǲ²⡣
ͬһʱ̣Ǹٴ𣬡ѰһˣҾͳȫ㣡ģ£ϵġġ֣ͻų⣬Ҳǳʡġ״ġֽһϾԲܵĿռ䣬ƺˡġֽ֮С
ġֱֽϵʱоʹһֱҪƤ⡢ѪǣȫÿһϸҪѹϢŨԥأתӿ֣籩ԪҺҪ֮ʱСȴԾˡġֽ⡣
Сڣ
ûµģҸоСڰο˵ȴûջͷųĹѹ磬׼һ˿ʣ֡
֮๼𣡡
صУص֮гţ϶ϱضڡġֽ£ʱġֽȻͣͣʼһӣСڽУмġġ֣ڲӿ޾⡣
ص֮˼˻棬Ϊˣ鲻ԽؾܣôƲˣ㾿ʲôڣϢ㡭
룡
һȣһǽǽʵǷǳι̵ĴڣȻڳǰЩǽȫһűֽײһǽϻצ£ֱӽŵһ˫۾ֵ¡
߱ˣȴȻûзӦڵʯ֮䷵ԭӵڵϺ߲ŻعأҪתͼ֮ʹɱУһ֮£ȴ֣һɾͬͼ֮ͼ֮סˣͼ֮תˣ˵ܣ
˲Ϣ֮佫£עȴδϣϽסСں͡ġֽ⣬ǡġֽѾСڵҪ͸
һһ㣬ǳȴȷ͸
صȻܷȻŭ֣뿴׷ʲô̧ͷһӴǳϤġġֽ⣬۾ʹѪֱ˫Ŀٲܼ
УСѾֳʮצԭΣָʱɴССڵǡġֽ⾹ȻҲűȻСڽ档
ġֽ͸㻨߸ʱ߸ʱСݼѾսʿȫռ죬ѹһпԴ
߸ʱ󣬡ġֽʧϵġġ֣ҲʧСڵ壬ǳˬڿд˸Ȼֱģسϻ
˵ûпСʲô״ȴǹĵʵСڣûʲô¶ɣ
ΪʲôǸ֣ȴûиоһ䣬ǰ磬ҶоԼǿһ㣬ôġġ֣ȴʲôҲûУԭһ
Ժûжʲô䣿
ûУʲôûС
СЩˬһټƷȣ֮ȴ֣ôζжûУ⣬Ҳɻˡ
˰죬ϻ벻ףȴοСڵû¶ûио˵ԺԼðˡ˵⻰ʱԺȴˮףҲ͡ġһ
Сһᣬʵصߣ壬кɫ𣿡
ûУʲôûС
ص붼û룬ʹ˺
ɫƣΪѪȻ׷ϳͼڴ½ĺۼ˿飬صȴǴЦĨȥĴڣ㣬У峤ΪܹƣڹˣΪɽǳ룬峤徫ӢӲ֮ػطͼڴ½ɽ
ûй֮Ĵڣ


1034 ɽꣿ
ꣿ
صŴ˻Щʧʲô
֪һЩʲôˣ
ص߶ʱ鲻Խһ飬תᶨ˵ûУʲô֪ʲô֪
ûмصߣֻСݼ˽ɽϸϸѲһ飬򵽰֮磬ڵɫ硣
ǧУ˼ٴƮɣ꼾γɣǴӺζԵζû磬ǧֹںδ棬ʲô򣿡
򣬺Ϊȥ½˵̤ʥ֮м䣬֮֮򡭡
Ϊǳ𣬿ҵúú֮֮ˡ˵ţ㰴Լ֪ϸϸĥ
ʱ֮ʧӣСݼѲʲô𣿡
ڵߣѰĶȫˡСݼָǰһ壬ɨûзֺɫƵټɽϣûʲô֮
Сݼһ䣬ҡҡͷûʲôֻ֮ǸоɽصŨˡСݼһ˵ó۾һ⡣
صԻЦ˵͵壬ҲʥȣǿЦص߳һ۳ϣ˵ꣿȻֻǲбϼŵһ˵Ҳ㡣
ڴ壬ռɽصߵԾǷǳӣƲ壬Ϊص߽仰˵һʹ죬ʹ֮صߵӣһȼ˻һȴˮͣˣﻹһ
ʱˮ𽻼ӵصߣӱ棬һһسɫʹ˳ûʹʱһĮִĶкܶ౦ͼڼһɽһҿɽʲô
˵ɽʱصߵӣһ΢΢ϸȷɽʲôɽҲΡ룬Ũԣɽ֮ܲɽɽ꣡
£˫ִأתԪҺ֣ɽ̺ȫ̽棬ԪҺһ֡
տʼʱ˶ûзʲôֻǸоϵΪǹ죡
һԻ֮ʱɽɽˣɫͻغ䣬ץסյ֣Ҳһյʵôˣ
磬
ôˣ
ɽ̺ڼټ١
һΪʲô£ɽֲǵġ
㲻ףǸɽ
ʲôˣҲǸ˭ֳΪ͸ˣֳɽȴǳǳ˵һɽɽ꣬ôɽ̺˵ɽɽ壡
ɽ֮
أ۾ɻȫת𾪣ΪǿɽľһŽһŵĵػǴᾹʯǱ顱ţɻңޣɽһֵ顭
еˣ뵽˹컭棬϶ִصĳйأٴζųʱ˳ϣʹâ˸
ɽ̺ȻʮɽȣǣҲ٣ңɽҲûй󣬶Գ˵Ҳһƴ󹤳̣ѶȲС
ɽͬʱҲɽһУ
ɽӴȻǳƬʱ䣬ɸɾģѾСݼԶɽֻС㣬ɽȻ£ۿҪʲôȴҲ뿪
ļЪֵԼಫĳϣɵɽʱҲˡ
ת֮䣬ѹɽɽ壬濪ʼѵһεʮɣǽӶϵص
˵գչɽĵ沿֣ѾȫһƬˣɳϻûиоһɽļ󣬲ɻ󣬡ѵɽûɽꣿ
ʱСڴɣҸожڡ
СڵĻŲɣӵ׵ˮԪʼ־׵ȵȣһдջ񣬺ԥأɽڲλĵصɶȥ
һ̣죡
һ죬ϵһһŭ𣬾ֵŭ
ɽꣿ


1035 

ԽԽ磬ԽԽԶ
ϸϽ׷žȥȻ򣬳Ȼá֮ʱõָɵգҲף
ԷԲ׵ȥ׷⾪ȴδ
գۼ䣬֮΢ۿҪʧޣüëһݣȻߣǲɽֻ꣬һԾû֮УԪҺӿߡת֮£һǱǧ
Сڣڳ
ͬʱϻţʮɽɽʱûŭֵʮɽɽ֪ٱĪŹԭ򣬻˵ǡ
Ǳټ죬ߡѭ֮£Ǽʧ޵ľһǸƺҲо׷ӷŭҲӾˡ
Ϣ֮䣬ڳ϶ߣ֮̽£һŽɫĴڣ
ɫ
ֱûо˼άȥǣ뵽ɫɽꣿꣿͷ֣ٶȸˣһ֮ŽɫĴڣͳڳϵҰ֮ڡ
ɫĹţתͷ¶һ˫ǳӣ˳һۣɫźȻըһ״״һΣǰͼڼһģһ
꣡
Ͼϲ֣һʽץȥȷʵץס꣬꣬ȴû뵱ǰ㣬ֱӸ˳ˮӳϵָߡ
һ䣬ͻزǰӣֵҲٴֱֱضųϣ۾Ŀ⣬͸һǿ֮ǰĲֻʣγĶԱȣ˲ɻɣǰľװģ
ҪȻܾϸղûн£ģǰ˸һٰʮȵĳת䡣
Ŀ⣬ϤһɽعſеĺھйżҲйܶ˶йǺεģռУ
ʱ΢࣬±Ͻ׳ӣл࣬ǹԹԺ꣬ٸһӣʬꣻȻɢȥܣ
ϣŵ⣡
ȴǻһ˿ƻǺҲ㳼ңҸҾӣΣ
㣿΢࣬ñ㣿㣬ҪľӣȻ˲ʶ̧٣ҲͶ㲻ˡ
¶Цݣǰȥ
걾ˣʲôƵģȵ΢࣬Ҫʲô
㲻Ҫ꣬ᣬ̰˵⻰۾ɻ󣬵ȴˣųһһ߽۾ɫȻǱͲˣһúöԴġ
δ䣬ɫһһӾû˳ϵ
ոմϵͷ˿ϲĺУ̫ˣȱǰ۷״̬嶼Ҫǿ֪һ΢࣬ôǿģ΢࣬ڱǰɣռӣǧĸֲŵõģҪúϧñӣ󡣡
ֱϵ꣡
ǡʱϵ𣬡ʵ㣬ֻǸС
΢࣬˵ʲô㾹Ȼ˵ǵСرܻط˵˵צץڲȻ򣬾ϡܲһȴ嶼ˡ
ô˵ʹˣЦţ֮ǰɽʧΪʲôģܹΣĴڣ㾪֣ȻһץûнץסΪͽʵôţټҵͬѰ̰֮ģռΪС
˵ֱһɺԣ߳ŭˡ
ϼ˵ռȴûаٷ֮ٵİգˣŵҽʬ꣬ʵȨ֮ưˣȵɹռʱӲţٽҳ׻𣬵С꣬˵ĶԲԣ
ӣֲ˼£Ȼȫ˵Уŭţ΢࣬˵ôѾ棬Ϊ㻹ѱƣһǣܾĥ
ΪԼ̵ҵꣿ
һ֮£Ѿ˵֮ڣȥɲǼ䣬侪֮⣬ǰľǧ򱶣


1036 ߵ
ҵĸ찡
괳ϵ֮Уʱͷһ󾪽Уⶼʲô
ϵ֮УйɵԪҺԪҺǺڰҧβתû滹̺Ϸһӣ滷ŵģ磡
ȫŴˣܷӦ˳˳ϵӣϵڣô̵õ꣬Ҫȥ̣ΨһĽǻ
Ȼʱɭ֮ʣˣ˵óȥ𣿡
һǺڰתø죬ԪҺתһУʱһǿֱ泶ôˣǲܣпĻ𿿽
ӣˣʼһ鷳ͬʱ꣬ҲЩ̰һ߸ϵ࣬СɣС۲ʶ̩ɽʹдǰ˵һжڷƨҳòã
Ϊ
ԶԶԣҲһ棬һñȽϴĳ桭Ϊ˻˿ԥûУͽ仰ѿڶѾ˿У׹䡣
ʵɽжˣ
ҡҡҶ벻ˣܹشܶ䶼ûˣֻ֪֮󣬱ɽףֻ֪ԼӦһŶһ档
о֣ǲУϽһԶ˵֮üͷɽԭΪܴϣõһЩͼڴ½ϵãȻشǲʲôü˵չüֵʱܻܲȡԼļֵж󣡡
룬롭
ĸоһֱɽͨ˵ָָ֮оȥһǧ꣬뿪ɽȥѰʧļˣȻˣļƻˣ˰죬ʲôû뵽ֻÿͰ͵˵벻
˵⣬п˼֣Ϣ꣬еǣҵĻҾ֪ʲôС
ͼڴ½ʲô£֪𣿡
ܲҡͷȷʵֻ֪ҡͷѡ
ɽɽûУ
ɽꣿ
һӿϲϲˣ˵ǲ˵ţ³һɵĴڣ˵죬졭棬֮ʱСȻңһˣñ󡭡Ƶǣ꣬ûܽ
ϸоɶϢȷʵɽûһӽ͵ϣȫȥʮɽ֮꽫ɽɽһһ㡣
ʮϢ֮ʮɽ֮չɽɽ㲻Ӱؾ쵽ʮɽɽ꣬׳һЩһȭӳȻԤϣӣʮ
ʮɽ֮չͬʱһУΪǶʮɽɽǰ꣬ҵĸ찡Ѿ˰ҾȻ꣬ҡҡ̵ɵҡ̫ߡˡ

һüʵƷ׻Ҫߣ
Ҹоġ
ߵʲô
ҡҲ֪
һͷβʣţǴӺӧϵõģӧôӵа֮أϧӧѾˡ
ԭ뽫ԳΪȴˣ뵽ǰ˵Ƿ˵Ҹһ·ǡ
ˣҾԲᱳѴˣҽǴʵ׷ߣҡϲ˵ȥֱԵҲԼļ䣬Ҿͽɼ䣡
һҵģиоġ
Ͻ˳һɣʱ񱼣ɸжоһѪѹѣֱӹȥ
ǰ棬վŽǱµСڡ
ҡҡҡֻ˵óһ֣Ļȫ˿־壬СЦ˵ԹԵȻ̡
һһ
ߵײѣ϶ǰһĻûоʲôȣСҲصϻϱСȥɽɽ걻̣صѾڳ׵ر
ѾˣȴڵûжһߣϽˣȥ˶õģûʲôҼĻĴڣʲôһǿ׳壬ֻҪĶУ
˵꣬СҲ˵˵ģȷʵ
ϵ˵ͷûʲôһ࣬ؽûƣؽúõģҲĻ棻֮⣬ȡȾСʥˣϽСȡв
ҡҡͷ
ȺͰȾأ
껹ҡͷ
㲻ǺôʥУ
Ĳƣ磬˵塭ͻ顭顭ġ
ŵôԣֻѰʥУʲôݵأ
ͻأһ
뵽ǹĹͷ


1037 ʯ壬ɽ
ȡɵص׵õǿͷ֮꣬أ
۾¶ɻ֮ɫûҡͷҲûеͷֻǵ͵͵˵ԡԡԿ˵ţ㻯һŽɫâֱͷȥ
ɫâսӴͷһʹֱ͸˱ɽ״󣬴ʯʹʹյҺʹˡ
걻ԶϱСһ絽شһţԼƵʲţųŵĹͷ۾͸ŵģ־֡
ղŷʲô£
ҡҪڽͷǡͷͻһų֮һһµ˵š
۾һͷѾǱֵ֧ĹͷȻ֮꣬Ȼ׽ס϶ҲһĴڣȴֱӱһ鲻֪ȥµĹͷˣͷʲôͷͷˣʲôĴڣˣǡ
ţֽӹսõǿͷ˳һֱɢȥԽɢԽԶһȣ
סҲסڱţҼֱʷߵһôñôһɷǰôصĴڣ
˹ͷȱʧ˵ʯ壬ʯ˰ɣʯ壬һҧʮ²һڳóĶ䱸ͬʱ־һһʯŲȥֻҪһ˿˿ԾͻɢӵԶԶġ
ƶٶʵ̫̫ˣţҪֻʮ׵ľ룬껨ӵʱ䣬ȴӲû꣬СڿȥˣһХֱһ飬ֱһͷײʯС
еʹ֮ûг֣Ҳûбʯ嵯һϲش̫ˣ벻ʯ壬Ȼô
ϲûм֣ŭؽк̸죬˭мǲָ͵ˣҪñ֣һǣƤ⣬ꡭ
ľʯ壬ҲŲָֻǿŽ޴棬㶨֮󣬳ϱСһͬʱɽ˿űɽ﷢Ÿ̾ɽˡ
壬ʵʩĴɨĿȻɣ̧ͷһգ꼾Ҫһ¶Ž˵ȥ塣
ڳǵִʱ峤Ļ˵֪ˣ꼾ʵʺڹ壬ƣӲ
˼֮峤䲻⣬û壬书һۣ
ж޴ӵ֪
Ű֮£ӴҴҶ
һգڣͩ£Ůһһ˵ģ꼾ˣոӴأЩܿܿ
ǣε꼾ֻʣˡ
꼾һһҪÿȻҲǷӣǵĸ塣
Ǹ壬ҲܷŹҪǴڳ֮УǷ
Ǹˣ˵
ֻҪҲʶ࣬Υ֮⣬֮

˵ˬ죬һͻתͷǺмɫŮˣĵʵ飬ôˣ
ǡǡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȴɢͫ棬Ȼָͷ˳ŷָķ򿴹ȥһǿ飬һͷȺ
̤ڿеˣбһֻӣ
һĻ˭֪Ⱥ˭壡
ôﵽģǰΧķôˣЩŭʣɻشǵģֻмᶨƵǰɱȻ
죬ȥ֪ͨϣ˵幥ˣ
ˣȥҲûסǣȥվɽϣǾ˵ӣҲѷˡ
ͬʱǧ֮Ҳ˷أ峤Űޱȵķأ֣巢ʲôʣ
һӣȫǰֱˣͣ½Ų峤ſվŵĳϣݺһ£ӽӲ˼άңôأ
Ͻأ峤Сݼһʵ峤塭
˴峤֪ʲôѾǸˣ峤һϣвپӢڣӦȥ˲֮ء
Ȼ֮ǰ˴峤в²⣬ɴʱõ֤ʵȻסȵطʱһӰٴԶȵ壬Ǻø󵨣ðҷ죬ɽ֮أ
ǷϣպȵȴȻתȵ˴˵ô


1038 ⣬ʲô
峤˴˵ϵĺʣϽԼе𾪣ЦݣʵΪʲô
Ҫʲô
Ҫʲôҵ㲻Ǻ𣿡
ҵӿֵĲ˴˵Ҫҷ忪ս
ǿսɱ
˴˵Ͳ峤ҵвţСݼѾɱ
֮£ʮۿȥҲٶϸһƣȴǰСݼŻ⡢ˮݡˣաɽˣֱҵɱȥ
һ·ɱȥ˿ɵ˴˵ֱۣﲻһңҵûĵˣ³֪жôı硣
ҵСԼɱȻŭƾǣҲڱǰȱ꼾ҲҪһһնɱնҵ˲ͼڻһԿ߹켴ֱСݼˣҵ۾Ѿֻ棬򻮹ǵӱֱӱնΣѪɡ
ǣҵĳո趯á֮һ磬ҵһ㶣δȫ㶹ȥˮֽͷϿգһɽ£ͻأʲô߻һȣõڰʽն
ҵоȣױȣҪ֮ʱȴоһûа㾢תͼ֮켴еĹȫڷҵϡ
ҵӱը飬ˣ
˴˵۾ﾪرľ󣬡ֲãܹ꼾ΣоʧǰĴɣûϵŲһʱ䣬˾ת䣬Ҳǿ󡣡
֮˴˵ҲΧɱսʿ£˷Ҫһϸߵ͡
ĸ⣡
ûϰʱ䣬ȫˣǴɨսռƻ䣬ռߣռ˴˵˼תȴһҲҪȫ͸塣
ͬյСݼȻ˴˵ʲô˼̹Ȼ֮
ڷļչ裬ķ˵ֱӽڴָ󣬱Ҫʼʩ̾ɽɽûɽꡣ
ʱСȴ߳ïܵͩкöϺɣСھͩȥСڼĶ϶Ƿ
Ӻ󣬳ϱСվһǰϣֻһƬĴָСĴҶӭƮҡƳӤҡС֣һ˼ȽУǿйעƬҶϸףһſ
ۿɼٶȣƬҶſһʱ֮ƬҶӾаư󣬳ȻǷղɵ֮һʮɽɻɽɽϣһƬҶӳѣڶƬҶӶûгֻӣôڷ
ջҶӿŽȴ￼ǣǽȥ֮ȡԪڤӡ
Եأ겻֪Ԫڤǿ̫ˣʹԪڤںϹΪ֮һƬҶӣɹ̻һ꣬ҲȲǰ硣
ֻǣԪڤӣһӣ̫࣬Ȼɱ֣Զ˰ˣͼڴ½ףϾʧȥ˼䣻ңӶʱʹı飬Ҳǵޱȣ
֮󣬳˾Ԫڤ٣ҪԪڤٽˣԪڤٱϾ̫ã̫Ĺ¡
ԪڤٲȥȴûгֳԤеǿֻԪڤٸˣҶһ㶼ʣ
˳ֱвԾսԪڤջأ㷢ֵ֮ڣҡҷһƬҶӣǸղƬҶʲôƬҶƾ̰㣬ŵ֮ڷӯŨ
֮룬ظоԪڤٵᣬȷǿԪڤٵӻǺ޷֮
ȻȴҲԪڤˣ
϶Ԫڤٵǿɾףܿ²⵽һЩܣڵԪڤԪҺȵȵӰ죬ĳֲΪ֪䣬ŵǿκβԪڤӡ
Ԫڤ֣֮ĲȽ֮Ԫڤӽںһ𣬳ظо֮Ҷٶȣʮֹ
⣬ʲôϲ죡


1039 һҺΣ
꼾ͼڴ½ڲٿүŵٱ֣â±ڵأҫ
˷֣һ꼾ŴĲͬԴ̵ģԶ֮ң壬峤ı˪ȥδأǳʲô£үүڵľУԸǸνĵһǿߣӦòʲô⣻ֻǣڽ꼾֮ˣȻ˾ͼڣر磬ܸ˹֮УǸڲ֮صܣǼ٣Ҳɳ֣ôϴһ˰ɡ
âҫʱ˷֣ͼڴ½˴ɽˣɽƽˣܶͼ壬ʧʧˣ
壬һɽˮ㣬ΪŨ֮أŨ̶ȣյɽ˾ȣһλãӦŨŶԡ
֮ȫǳϵĲãﲼ˾󣬳˾֮⣬һġɱ󡱣ػ壻ɱ˵Ǽ棬ȴҲ൱ĴڣҪȡ硱ǿ̫̫࣬ɱ󡱵Ŀ֮ҲСݼǸһıϡ
ɱڣ˿ʼһδɨջǱԼʵ˻Ϸֳ֣һȻСݼսʿһմŵҩʦϴ˲֮ͬʱɽˡçɽһ֣ȴǷ֪ŵģƹ㡰á
֮⣬ϽǱССݼСݼȻռų֮ǰһУ
ȥ֮ص;УֻСڣ峤˴˵ͳһߣȴϾֻܾ˵ʱҩȻϣЭվɣ˴˵ȻǲҶԣϽ֯ڸ֣֮ؽ
һ·ϣûп񱼣ţһϵĴ󲿷עǿСϣСԪڤںڸԪڤÿԼԭȹܣΪ֮ڣûʧǰһģһǿСôһϢʱ䶼ûֹͣʱ޿̲
ó϶оЩľǻɣǺڰѭƾǰԪڤ٣øɸɾˡ
ٶҲνƵǣҶӣһƬô󣬾ɫδһ˿˿ı仯ͬʱ˿⣬СҲûչֳ֮
ڣҲûҲȥˡ
ϻһעǷ֮֮ϣоĻ˵ԳϤ۳ˡ׳Ŀǰ˵۳֮ҲΪãǴϹﵱúõĳĥһ飬ɼƻϲϱ仯һ̫̫ûлȥĥ
Ȼһϣϵ˽ʱա
νͬһԴֻǳĸ߽̬ӹĳرġ޼򡱣˵ĻҲ߻ص
⶯˻棬׳ɢȥ˲ʮף׳ͣɳԪҺһתΪɢʱ䣬ǡ׳ƴ䵽ʱ䣬һӴܵף
׵ĳѾȫԳˣ
ˣҲδͣ£ȻɢֻٶȽ󣬺֮һɴ棬ȫɻҽҽٻޣܴڵģֻкף⡰Уһ׵ĸо
󣬡ͣİپʮ״
µİپʮףǱȽӽ߽ĳġ޼򡱷ΧҪ㣡
ϻһָо򡱻ɢ׳ֻͣסˣİپʮףǡĿǰļޣ
Ҫץʱ価ָˡ
ĸԵĳ
νһͨͨ򡱵ľ飬ܿأˡ׽򡱣
ˡˮ򡱣
ˡ򡱣
֮Уһ򣬱ľԵ򣬡ڤľ򡱣
ڡڤľɢ޵һ䣬͵һΪĵ֮ڣƬҶ棬һҺΣͺ糿Щٻ³¶һ
ҺԪҺɫһȴһִĸо
֮⣬ϻҺо̺ŵӴ
ˣ
ҺεԪҺȻɢ˲ƣҪ֪ЩԪҺɲʲôƽˮ棬ɣƽʵȻȥǱڻĴڡ
ҺΣγ˲ƣ
˶һҺΣ˼ʱһըȴǰ𣬴϶䣬Ѿǽأǰ̤һ
˼棬һѾ̤


1040 Ӵʯ
ѰҶ¶¶Ҳ򵥣ھʦҩΪеһζҩƬҶϳֵҺΣ͸ˣͨˮ֣СԪҺǡ
˼ýһѾ̤
˼״ϸ֮ɫһ𣺡˵ǽأǰһ㻹ߣҲòĵ󣬼ȻҾͳȫ㣡
һֻۣ״СצӣֱԴպգһҪԴĳɽĳѪģĴڣ
ϣĥţоԼӽˣ֮һãһĶõĳϣһƻ硣
ȻԳ˵ֻצӵʵ̫СˣС΢΢ĵزȫԲȥ᣻ǣϵͷʲô˶ģ
ۣ
ɶ˻ڻ֮зֻצӣմ֮У㡰ۡһʧˣˣ滹ֱۣϴȥ
˴ΪȴҲΣգȡᣬȻһѽֱۣˣȻųϣ۾ǻңǻˣ
ϻشһӿ˳ϻУһСŵСڣӾֵغ壬Ǹˣ
֮У͵þȫӳһʯͷĴڣʯͷڸ߿֮䡱һըʱը˷ȥ
ʣ˴ϢݳѾ֮Ϣ
֮أǧ峤һˣըһЦôˣΪ㲻أȻˣս֮ˣкܶɱУڵأ֪ܴ
ͬʱվڳǰǸˣתӣľӢĳ϶ڴʲôϽӵԶԶģһɻ
Ȼ첻ţƻȴһֱ˼״ִУڵǱܣȫֻȻ䳤󣬸ƬٶȶȻʮͷһƻȻ
أﳹ׷ˣһ·򣬲ͼ֮ģ񱼶ȥ
ţ۾һ⸡֣ǿҺΣӦûԪҺǣƷȴһ㣬磬õ֮ڵԪҺӴ
һ뷨𣬱Ҳ֮ȥԽ룬ԽôһԴԪҺԪҺ뽫дڵȫԪҺһ֣˵һЩԪҺˣǣԪҺܻʵ̫࣬ñʮɽɽȫԪҺһ֣
ԪҺôɱأЩ磬ȴʣԪҺãȻٺʲ
ֻǣôӣô³һΣҪ뽫ڵԪҺȫһĻ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣡
ܱûкá
Ҳ̰ģڽĿǰ֪бߵĲ֮أſӵǸˣһ̤ǰӳȥǿʯͷе˼
ʱǸ˺ˣ춯֣
վ֮͵ȥ֮ʯ飬һš£šʵ򵥣ȫɣϣȫĹļ̣
һץʯץԪһ̽ɫһݣʯͷЩƣЩͬңȻһֱڻ̬֮˻ңȴܰȵشڡ
ԶѾ˺ȵ
ڡָճڵ˲䣬ְӴӰʩչ󹥻ϴһеʯͷȫս˴ָǡʱ£һ֮ʱȫҽ
˴󾪣ȫȻЩʯͷôͻʧˣһֶ˰˿ʯͷಡƿ𣬰˿ʯͷֱײ˰˸˵
ʱ˸˵弱Сӿ£ڵϣ˴Σޱ˵˭˵ʯͷȡԺδ˭ˣ
䣬˭˵ģмһ˸պȺ㡰䡱һֱӱըˣʵû˵𣿡
£¡ը£Ѫɵһ֣գ۵ʱ䶼˸˾ֻʣһˣǰܵһˣǰƻѾʧǰȴǶһʯͷѪ
˵ǲ˵
־ᣬڴ֮£Ҳŵû겻ˣصӱʯõġ˵˱ʯľλãųϣĻһ
ֱûжԣֱ̤ˣһ˲֮Ӱվ˲֮أ
ͬʱһߣҲһ˱徫ӢסڿҪնʱɱңһܣڷܣ


1041 ܣ
ܣҶ֪㻹֪ɱ˴ķ徫żЦֻ˺ʯצӣ˵ͷʱȡҵҪ˵ʲô
ɽˡ
ʲô˵ʲô
ûк˵ģ˵ĶʵɽˣɽҲˣ
˭ɵģ
Ҷ²壡
ƨƾ壬ܹɱͷ壿ʲôǲһȺ
ģûС
˻û˵꣬˾֣󱬼һ˵Դ˵ɽ˷ɽˣ
Ǵţǣ˺üˣȫ˵ܣɽˣ
ӣɲˣһ˿˵Ǽٻô˵ٻ뵽ɽпģͲؿ־ɽûˣ൱ǵĸûˣû˸Щڲ֮صķˣǳ˸Ƽ
뵽⣬Ҳ˲÷ɱ򣬷תͼ֮һԳ򣬽Ϣ洫ȥ
Ƿ壬Ҳõܣ
ۺ֮£峤ȷϣģɽĵˣɽҲˣ
һʱ䣬֮شһһŭХ췢ģҪ𣬲һڣݲ壡
ͬѪģҪģз峤ƣ
Ҫģ壬λӵˣХˣҪóڲ֮أ
֮أһۿȥ紫˵еǰգԴɾһĸоǣһ̤У֪֮أεա
Хڲ֮æ֮ãҲǰǧѣԽ룬ԽΣգνǲв
Ͼô̤˽ȥһ·룬ЩΣնͼڴ½˵Σգɶĳ˵㲻ʲôˡ
һ˫۾ųϵӰ߽ȥǵⷽʽݳϢ󲻾ãյһʳеܡ
Щ˶Ϊ֪ȴ֪ںͳߵ㡣
̤ȥʩչߡ˲֮£ȻûѭһǧǾûģһŷ֣˵һǧһﶼֻһʮ
£ʵóϾˣߡδ԰ˬȴϽ⣬⼸֮صķΧʩչߡԪҺһתһǧ֮⣬˲Ϣ֮󣬳ֻصԭŲ֮أ֮أȻмãҲãԽã˵Խй£Խܵõֻϣ󣬵õĽҪǴ˵û˼ľͺã
һ̤֮أ̬ƽͣʮʮҲһһߺõöˣңϻ²⣬Խ֮нһʮﶼˣΪ뵽ɽİ׹ֻǻƵĲٶȣ
һʮǶԳѭٶ˵ڵҩܹҲŽʮľѣϣϽ֮ٶٴ½һֻʮˡ
ˣڼ̵ʱ֮󣬳ҲХ졢Ƶһײһ
ʱХԼϼұ˶ˣеĳޱ죬أȭҧݺ˵ҵҩȴܣһ˱壬ӵˣھͳǰҶҪ˺㣡
Х컰䣬оԶ֮һſĺӰڿƶХΪ峤ĿüԶԺ˼ǲʲôΣս٣֮﹥ҪСġ
δڣӰͷһХĿ⻹ͣڿУȴּӰƮأǰХһһۿģǴ˻Уһӣ
㣡
Хıˣһ֮״ʵҲХκһˣڸҪɱ£վǰرǿǿܶ࣡
ǷƣҲһԣ
ң飬ղ˵һϵǲЩˣ׼㵽ҩ֮Ϊ֮صѾȤһɨȴǡòõɨХһˣȻûмХ죬ХɢϢǺġ
һɨϵʱХϿǿɫƣֵͷ
Х쾪֮ɱӿȵɽ


1042 ˵ѣ
ɽ
ХɱȴǴʵػصһ
趫ʲô
ȡһƣ̯УХ쿴Ǵ
Х쿴ɫƵɲǣüΪḻǼֱɱ̰ɣḻıתۼţ˵УҪʲôѺ
Ҫʲô
ϵ˵ţûнХղųʹɫ
ХЦЦУĳϺ;ѾΧǷƣҲԼˣΧڳվڷλȴʱϵĿ·
ʱХ˵Ҫģܼ򵥣һڶеƣ
ʵвֻһƣ
£ȡʣµĿƣһģһΨͼһĺɫƣһֶſڿУɷˡ
ХоԼĺһӼٵ㣬ǿ࣬Ҫĳɤ۶ʱ˿̣ХȫԼ̰ˣԳ˵ڣֻһҪˣǱɱ㣡
ɱңܵõҵһУ𣿡
ֻϧ׵̫ˣ
ɽ˵ƷǰѡһϲЦݣʵҲͻأХȴȻסˣҲԼѡһϢʱ䲻Ȼ˾ɫǰɽʲôǧ˵ʲôǸưˣҪģҪǰɫ֡
ϿĿ⣬֪⣬ҲЦֻǺ˵ҲǿʳѣҪȡ֮Ǿñǿ𣿡
Ҫɱ㣬ִҸ׼˺ܶɱУôνյˡ
˿ϵһƣɫƣ֪ĻҪһЩ
ԾԵ˼άХЩϣķƣĿҲںɫϣԺＱת˼֪ɫƵΪȴ֪Хʧ̬ģ֮ͨŰ취ܸӽɫƺŵĶ
Ҫ֣ͿʼɣʱҵʱҲǽ
Ȼô·֣Хһ£ʮˣ˲䡰β
ѿգ
죡
ŭ

ǿͼսѩһϷϾвХȴһףƣΪλ֣
Ʋ˵ȴֻɫƣʱХ׷ƵͼһЦȴԼᶨ˵ΪΪһһ䣬ɫƵܣȻǹͬ
ҪͼѪġ
ƵҲôƭХ˫һݣĬĿУս֣ǿͼսѾܼϡ
ʱХĻȣҲŷͼѪˣʩչһʽһͼڼžŷƵײ
Х죬ͼʦǳԽͼʦĴڣͼ飡
ǻûѾл꣬ԣ
ͼХ챾ҲʩչǿսһϣҵĹ֮£ǰжֻ֣֮
ХﻹţƴõǺ⣬ܣֻһӵУ
ͬʱҲЦɣԽԽãܾˣʱҲõøֻ֮ҪǺɫУ²֪ɫƵܣ
ʱ϶ˣûʹʲô磬ʲôɱȵȹֻǴȱʧʯ֮У˳
״̬ʱڿУǺˣǣʱڻûжģһڿգХ˾ɵסˣǼҪµĹҲ˲䱻ס
ɢŴޱȵϢХһ֮󣬿ϲѣԭǸ˵ģɽڣһأӵˣ벻ˡ
ʮֵĿϲХȥںδôֵģХޱϵ˵ˣʵ񡭡
˵ѣ
ХĻû˵꣬Х˵ʹһ޺ȣֱʮˣһңͼսʹɢ
ˣҡ
Х쾪ˣһ壬ޱô˵ĻУִȣ£


1043 ɫ
£
ʱׯʥޱȣеڳǰʱĵСģһХڵأ˵عһȦ
ΪͼڣǿԼеһУȫģ֮£ǹ£а˿
峤Х죡
ˣ֪ХʲôХί
ߣ
һߣ˼ʽ˵֪ɽΪʲô𣿡
ɻˣХɻˣȴǷŭһָϣ˵ˣ˾ףʥɽ˵ס
ɱ̾ɡޣ
³һ֣ХͻȻоޱȵʹﴫХæߵײֹˣХȷʵҳޱȣ֪Ϊηŭʾ
˵ѣҳϣͲѡɫƣѡľɽҵǧҳϣͲ˴ɽͲᵹ˵壬ɽģǱˣХ죬ХΪһ˽Ͻ˻ԨХ죬ˣ
˵ֻХѾңûаɫʣЩ뾫ӢǣХĿ⣬Ѿǳ֮ˣûŨŨľ壬˵峤ģģ峤ֻĴ˶ѣ˵Ļȷ
ң˵ģ֮£ǸղŶ׶֮£
ХЩԾʱŷֵ̫ڹ죬Х̧ͷʱ˵Ϊˣ㵱
˵꣬ǿлֵֻһɵĶХһʱʧӰˡ
Х쾪˲˿ԾХ첻ˣҲˣ
Ҫĺɫƺ棬ʲôܣȻʹ㲻
Хһϲҵ˻ɣϽ˵ˣХ˵ܼɫƣܸͼҵһأ棬ųϵҩ˹ٱ
ϵҩ
ôһüͷ𣬳ض˵ȷϴ󱦲ˣ˷񣬱ķƣ٣ΧˣǷ˵ľ
ǣԳ˵ԶԶ
ϵСٵĵһֻζҩ˵дúɫƣ½֣վǳϵҩǼֱͺͳ磬ӡȭԪҺȵеֶΣȥɱһֻϰ㣡
УСڵǺһɫͬʱֵģ
ô࣬СڵǿҲ룺Сɫƣ˭Ǹɽġһϵ½ֵĹ飬٣ЩֻӴģûнӴģ֪ж٣
ˣֻЩ𣿡
ССХţ˺ܴһ㣬˵˵ܹͨ磬ͼڴ½֮磡
Ͼش𣬻ǿ⣬ǣеģ׼ţȷֻǾ˵˵
ɫƽ
꽫иŵɫƾסֶХ˵ķƿɫƣ޲һȥɫУͼԻ꣬ƲҶ
˾£ХΣֻôУһɫƣ
һ֣Ȼһ˵Сȴֲ˴ȻҪ˵ţХһҽУѪ顣
ƺȻʣµ˵֮ͽﲻǸĵطȥɣҲΪ屣һ˿Ѫ壬и˵һ죡
һĤ֮ת֮ⱼȥ
ȥׯʥ꣬ͻرɫڳǰϾſɫƣֺõ˵ˣҰûɡ

һĻݺסˣһ̧ͷ˵ʲôҴű˵ǲˡ˵תͷԳ˵ˣЩС椣ǰʶķС椣һңǸղſ˲ÿĶȥһˡ
ǰʶķС椣ʲôС椣
һ㶣ʹȥ룬˰죬̧Ŀ⣬ˣ벻ֻǵôһС椣
ƵӣѾ˷ܵز˾µĲ۾һתͻػݹ⣬ų˵󡭡ˡСŮơǴ
Ƿڣûʲô˵ɽϣʲôĴڣ


1044 ҩȣ
һŮˣ˵ⷬ˼ײˡ
ƲòСݼգʤ֮üνǳ㡢߻һۣİϣζȱعճټη峤һζζǽôһʵģ߸ϵģ˶ĸ߹ŮǾоԣҲһǳˬ顣
رǻ֮УСӡ֡
˻棬ˣХ죬ҲԾܾջҲҪķȹ£顣
Ȼ򣬳ȴûпһʳǰ㻰
Ʊһ㶣Цݻûʧȫ֮ʱȻģƲǰӰڳϵҰŴ󣬽м֮Զʱ˵ɽȻĴڣ˵ң崫˵ߣ¡
ڷƿ֮£Ϊս£õͼڴ½Ǻ˵˸ղһ
ֻǣ룬ش
ϻعͷŷƣƵʱųһõգˮƽ˵ӣȴЫڷɽĪôķϣշһ·ȥɡ

ȫȻ벻Ȼ˼ҸɴľܾˣԺͷѵҲѵõ𣿡
ʻûд𰸣Ʊ㿴ӰһֱʧǰƶŲѣ峤ʵʩ˼ƣȻã
ƿųʧķϵľɥȥţһҲûջͼڴ½ɱŭûжʲôɽĺôɽʲôô㣿ڷɽôöûзֹνĺôֻдǶѣ᲻þ᲻еĻᣬһΣҶҪ񣻳ϵҩ˭ܲĶ
˵ⷬʮ㰡ͼڻһȿᣬ׷ȥȻⲻ֮ǵٶȣҲܵơ
ҩȼ۶ȥ¶˺ɫ󱦲أȴŹ˺ܶˣһΪȴǵĿڣ󱦲Ϣͼڴ½Ĵ
ҪԼΪ
ΪֹȽϴ˵ģҲ壬Ҷֻǧﴦ֮ϲŲţⲻ֮أֻˣЩȻͼڵĲ壬壬档
ʩչߡƵľ룬ԽԽ̣Ѿʮ½ʮףʱԼоǧŰپʮ
Ҳʱ򣬻û֮߳صˣһȺ˻£ͬʱڿеķǣҲ¡
Ϣʹ˴˳ȥ
ǧһ֮࣬ףϲ̤գأһһȥĶȻж࣬Щ͵ޣĶܲЭоĻľ
ЩԳ˵⣬СɢѹЩ͵Ұޣʱһ㣬ԹԴԣǸ˳һЩ֮УȴҲڴˣڰɱĻľڳ߹֮󣬱㶼ή
ϼӿԼƵʣһٶҲǲ֮£ǧŰپʮҩȣΪ֮Զӡ
һʱ֮󣬳վҩȿڡ
Ǹˣ˵òǼٻ֮棬һҩȣҩҩȻ٣ɢŨ
Ϊˣ͸ǱҩдܣĳЩҲдı
ҩĴ󣬳ϴʱ͸ǲҩȣԾȴ֣ҩ֮У̤նüëһţȴµ̤˽ȥ
ҩУ˿飬еҩݣʶĻ߲ʶģȫ֮һգкЩҩݵݣǺüģгǧġ
ҩеĻԽԽ󣬳ߵԽԽ
ʱҩӹ֮ڶߣʵȴڼԶ֮ѭ첻ȥȻ;ҩҲһö¡
ӹ֮ԽԽڴߴٳϿ㣬ߵٿһ㣬ȫȻᣬӲʱ֮󣬲Դͷ֮
ʱӹ֮٣Χȴصһ仰Сӣӵ˺ܾúܾˣߵ콫ӷų
ƾʲô
ӶҪ֣㲻ס
һƵ״֮ΪҪ֣
ղȡҩģҵģЩŭȴ˵ȻЩ㽫ˣӸοٳΪһͼ飬ͼĺ棬ͼʥĴڣ
֪󣿡


1045 ܶ
ϸûȥʲôͼ顢ͼʥһĶ쳣شӻ֮УǸ֣۾һѿڶһ⡣
⣬ʱЦ

ȿȡ
ЦţȴͻرʹĿϣҩͣһ𣺡Ӳ֪䣬Ȼ֪֪Ц֪˭
˭
ϴ仰ԼһЩ
Ӻų棡ָĲһ򣬶һ֮ɣ󷨽־С൱Ժ˵ɸ˵꣬Ϻ˵һ䣬Ȼ汻ˣ֮һ

汻仰ֱӸҭסˣǾҵĿԣƺھ޾ʹ㣬ţִ˷ŭҪ˶Ҫʥ⣬ҪӡˣõŵǧŰʮʮŸʱ
׼ȷޱȵ֣۾ޱȵؾͱôõ£ʣһǳĿǰϵĳϹ
Ϲ֪϶٣
ҩֳϿ˵⣡
ңû⣡
ȷ
ȻǳϹϿûо⣡
ϻҪȻӻô˼ΪԱ˳ŵûţƭģ˵ŵʱ򣬳ϸɴת̧ţˡ
ЦΪ㻹ߵõ𣿡Ļ䣬һ֮͵ײϣûһʱȴǽʵʵرˣ
һģˤ
ǳûн䱸֮£ʮֵؽ䱸ҽ䱸ǣûиоκζϮҲ˿ûв
ʲôǴ£ڵҲܲɣرˣУеʲôģ
֣
ⲻ֪ʮֵ𾪣ʧţôܣһȻûнɣûѪûֻһľûˣ
Ӳţ
ţһҹײȥѾԹһοٳԵڶǾˣеѾת£ڵ֮УƬҶ³˵ڶҺΣ
ǡʱĵڶϮ
ȻӵǣһصĹȴóһĶûϻԭƺûյʲôһ
ܣ
治ƣھʹһһĹȴع֮УһһߵԽԽԶˡ
⣬ЩˣȻһ˿϶٣ȵָˣǿģпܾȥġ
ˣæȵ⣿
ϽŲδͣ˵ڣ⣬кܶҪʡ
Сӣóѽߣŭӣ꣡
ﱻһǧŰʮʮŸʱɣҾͲˡ˵ţߵø죬ҲڿӿղĹûãϸоԼĻһ󶯵ҪԼڵĹ֮ʵЩ࣬˵ʲôĺأ
ιСӡ
ûͣǰ
Сӣվס
ٶȸ졣
ˣˣʲô⣬㾡ʣʲôСԽԽԶԶܿƵĵطò
פ㣬ûзأԭʵ㱻Уղʲôҵģ
꣡
ʲôһ㣡
ʲô֪ղ깥ģϸˣôһˣĸͼģ
㣬ң
̵ģӻô꣬ûôƹҪǻǰԸͳǣŽɻУزȴɻ֮࣡
һ⻰ǰ϶һˡ
ң뵱꣬һ
Ϲˣæ֪ʲô
˵
꣬Ǳ߼Ҳһ־Ĺֻͷ꣬꣬ԶԾɹʹ𣬸Թʵ֮˵ⷬͣΣȻղϣĴ۲С˵һ귽벻Ļ͸Ͻҷų
ֱӣʵʥʲô


1046 
ʥʲô
ʥʥʲôƢʵǲôãţѵ˵ʥԪԼͼ֮һǲͬ½£˵ʥǽ׵ͼ֮ͼʥʥ
ǰͻɹֻ½ͼڴ½½ʵͼڴ½ˣ
ȵͽ״½ôݵӵĴڣ
ʹζű֮ζȻûнͼڴ½ͼڴ½֮ʱҲ뷨ͼڴ½̫ˣһʵ½һǶĴڣǣڵɫƣ꣬ǿСǸܹյĵҩ֮󣬾ͲôΪˣǲ²ͼڴ½ǲǾʲô䣬Щˣ֪ȥˡ
ȻҲпʵ̫ǿ̫ǿͼڴ½ǿ߷˵ڵĴ½ͼڴ½ǳԽͬ½ɣһ˵ЩռԪǳĴ˵ЩСǵУǵͽ׵ģСɵ˱ǵΪҪߣУȻǵͽ׵ġ
ʲô½
˵Ҳֹ֪һ䣬ȴǻصʮ½
ʮ½
СҪȥĻҿԴһ̣ʱ޿̲ջ󣬾㶯֣ຣ
ǣϵ־ôջ󣻲ϵȷʵǷκˣЩãϽһжѹʵôͼڴ½ģô֪ͼ顢ͼʥһĴڡ
˵ⶼǵͽ״½֪׵úܣСлᣬʮ½ˣ֪Щסʲôˣǳ˾ˣӳ⼸ʻУѾµһЩ˵仰ͻʵСӣҲͼڴ½ĸ½ģҿʵҲôֻЩŹ֣ռ䴩֪ô½ģ
ռ䴩󣿡
ϵõ˵ֻƬĳȴǰδУ
СӣҪʲôϽʣ˵ģҲֲ˶ãϰĬžŵ˵
һĺ˵ⲻ֮ô¶ҩﲻܷɣٶȹܵƣ
Ҫ֪ΪʲôҪƿ֪ˡЩˣ˵ִ꣬ߴٵ㣬ơ󡭡
תȥȻҪߣ֮ǰǹΪ֮ˣ½ϵ󷨣ҲǷʣ֪ΪζʧǰԳΪ桱ˣţ֪󷨺ܶࣻԴˣϵȻŹ󷨶ԣҲһõĴڡ
ܹϱ֮ǰʵ֪ԡλ
֪
á
˵Ѿ²⵽ϻ󷨣ҪȻ֮ǰҲʳĻȷϣʯͷǰأĻͿʡȥܶ鷳ǸһͲʲôС󡱣ʱ䶼ûס󡱣ҲŴˣŸֶΣǿҩȻ󣬲˵ս֮㵱ڴ˵һΪ˱һΪĿġ
ֱӹţҵ֮Сһߡˣȴûж˵ʲô󣿡
ԥһ£˵󣡡
ȫңϺܰԵ˵ŭ˵Ӷˣ㻹
òҪ˵ٻƲ󣬻һСôǿɾ͹ֲҡȻôɵԹԵȥţ˵ڶԼʵţֻҪһ룬汻ôû֪жܽסֻʲô
ĿǰĳӦԵģ
˵ϸ棬ǰ˵һ仰϶Żɵ̬ȣȥñ˶һ
ңҪѧģ˽˽ѧ
˽ҲûޣϾƲˣĿǰǴ·ģҪ˼ңǾ仰еȷ˼ֻ˵󣬽ںڶ󡭡
ʲôǶ󣿡
˵ĵһ仰ͽϸˣ


1047 
ʲôǶ󣿡
͵һߣӡ֪Ҫʡ
ܷ֮񣬻˵Щ˵šȨǲŲңҪж򶨣Ȼν棬룬ʱޱȣѾ˼´ˣȻˣȴΪƣҪЮˡ
ǣжƣ಻ˬҲֻѹȥʩչԽԽ꣬˵֮󣬴Ӧ÷ΪͣһΪһΪ󣬾Ȼ˵֮󣬼һɲ䣻ʱһƣͻһ߷仯
һ˵ô໰ͣƺڻָţٴξѣһͻᷢ仯ˣʵ̫˼ˣǰġɱ󡯣Ǿˡ
Ϊʲô䣿
ʳ˿ڣɲôؿҲãҲգҪģǾһпܵĻᣬԼøǿ
ȡ
ʵ۵òˣһʱ֮󣬲ֿ˵Ϊ󡭡С󡭡꣡

һ̧ͷ۾Ũ֮⣬֪л꣬л꣬ɽл꣬һĴڣлꣻû뵽ԼҲл꣡
꣡
˵Ҳ
ûʶġСӣ͡ɵˡ濴ܴ죬ͺˬƴ˷֮Ҫһ
̶̽ӴҲ΢Ƣԣû䣬ΪɵˣȻģ
Ȼ첼µ󣬶ܲ꣬ΪĴڣҽҪƳؽأһʣб˴𰸣϶ҲҲл꣬ؽ֮飬ؽ֮ꣻǰؽ˿˿ϵǻ᲻ؽѾлꣿֻǻ껹
һ˲֮䣬˺ܶܶ࣬һ˵꣬ǲǻøǿ
һ˵ģ㡭áģ󡭡̫꣬ǿңڣСС꣬ͷӡʲôã
ⷬϿɲţҪôǿǾòűô꣬뷨ûбֳȴʵϤ
ǡȻ
ãͽһУ˵˵ɣҲþѧģɲƾֻһҪ󣬵ǣΪɢȥ֪ж󣻾ǰϱҪооɱ󡱣ɽΪоףѧһ󷨡
һףƺ˳ϵͼһ˵ѧģ
ϣѧᣬҪȻҲ֣
СӡҪСӡ֣סˣת˵Ҫܳʱ䡣
Ѿ˼ǧ꣬õںٶϼ𣿡
ԣһ춼ٴطˡͻؼ֮ȴֻӻָָ˵
һ˵Щõĵҿ԰
ģ
Ǿϲ˺üɲǼȥܽ͸󡱣ѾˣҪ뽫ȡԼϣȴǲܡ
Ǻ˵ûеĻһϧĳϹҪûеǲŽˣҸղҲ˵һ㡣
Ȼ󣬾ǳĬ
ڻָõϢһҩȣˣҪȻҾһֻܣԶ֪쾿ж㣻죬жߣ㣿
ãˣǰǰĿ꣬ǳΪǿߣ۸˺ûٸ˵ǷǱƣǴϣ߽ԾĽŲûͣ£Ϊʦ𣻵ٱ𣬳ϻûüȥʲô͵ͼڴ½
ڵĿ꣬ǻؼңζܿҵԺأʵľǣ͵ˣҸĵطŰȥ˴š
Ҳף˴һףȴѵ£رڵ̫ܣ̫ɻ󣻶ϱоԼЩܺɻһһϽǿ޾֮У
䣬ǳ֡
һɨ֮ǰãᶨ˵жѣҶƴȥ켴ǱģʼǬתĥǸڶ
µʱ𣬡ˣеĻֻ˵һ飡ҪǼǲסĻ˵ͻز˵ȥ
Զһˣ


1048 òҪŭ
ҹ¹ˮʡ
ӱˮ¹УһһƺΣҲ¹֮һ㡣
ôģȻǷˣ
ֻӵüͷţţ벻˱ø죬ҩҩݣεһɾ֪ıأǷѾ
ȻǡӣҲΪˣֹͣ˶Գ˵֮ȻܵһСҪЮһεĲģӹ֮ٴδӡ󡱴
ǲ׵ûзӵͻشס˵ĻϾ͸о˲Ծ뵱߽ҩһξӹ˲ףˡ
Ȼ
һ䣬Ŀ֪ЩϢԺ󣬳ţġ󡱲ôƵģǰ˵Ӱ֮Ž룬ҲпƲΪ֮УֻһһǺѰ
ǣˣǿ
ӹ֮ԽԽ죬û϶ʱ䣬Ӿˡǰһۿģǳϣ۾ֱųϻеӡ
ʱӾ뵽ͼڴ½ʱЩ˵۾һݣĿޱȣɱѰͬ˵еģǸˣ
ûᣬֻԼ
ģ¶ŭ֮ɫ˭ѹסŭƵ˵ûں˵𣿡
üëһ
һߣΪȵͺ˲Ҹ㣬òҪŭңҩҩݣ䵽аɣû
˵ţУ˳ĸͼģ
˭˭˵
ĴѰȴ뷨棬깥ǰȴǿ˵
˵
ȣȴǴغȵ˵ǻòͷˣҸ㣬òҪŭңҪŭңȫ壡
仰ˣȴۣ˿ӣˣԴˣҲ˽ûзĲԾ
˵ЦСӣ֣ȫ壬ӺϣʵڣʵȵǸСɱˣӱ֮ڣΪͼʥ
һĿңȻ˼֮ǰ̬Ⱥܲ⣬ң깥ûЧܲĿƣһĿģҲͨԼߵʵΣ˵ʵԼǵȻòҪģĽ֣Ҫʵͻ֮ǰĻԼڡ󡱵ȵȵϢ
һĨЦӳǹճ
Ҫӣ֮ڳΪͼʥ͵һӼˣʵ˵ģ
Ȼ˵ͼʥǳԽͼʥĴڣУ
۾͵һˣһͷųϣȻ˵ɱɣһȫʬȻԶʧ
϶ӣҼ׳յˣȴûмô׳յˣ治֪һʵôģ
ʲô˵Ұ׳գѾŭˣ
ϥŵƣһδɱڶ˵Ҹ㣬Ϊͼʥ𣿡
ģ

Ͽӵɱ˲ȫת˾ϲֱʱϵȴͻؿ۾ǰ˿һľ֮⣡
ԭˣе˼һ֮˵ȻģһԾ֪ˣ
ã
һ£αϽ֮ʱȻʧ˳ҰĿ⾫ȴûֻŹϮ
ͻأǰֱֱµ¹⣬ˣ壬¹⣬Ҫǣ¹ڳǰζ͸ȥ
ʲô壿Ȼܵסҵ¹ɱ
ˣͼڴ½壡
˵ţȭӿ޾ʱǶ¹͵طӣʮ֮⣬Ҳ֮󣬲Գ
ʱӵǣŰ߲Ѫ
㵽ʲôˣȻһӣˣʱӣѾûǰǰ׳ģᾫ˵Ҳ㣬òҪŭҡ
ƫҪһأ
ӭ


1049 㣡
»ǿߣԸŹ֣ȴСƣ
֮صˣֻ»һ»ȴûһнǰ棬һ·Ҳ˲Σգ󶼻Ϊģɹҩȡ
»ΪԼǵһ˵ȴû뵽֮ǰһˣ˻̫ǳ֮ˣǸ˵֮ˡ
֮ǰ»ûнϷģмȥս
ֱϥǸ˵֮һԵϻƣ
ڣȴΪļϻһȭѪˣԭ˼ҲǼٵģģղŵһɱУ֪ɱ˶ˣ죬ȴʧˣ¹ɱƤⶼûȥ
»˵⻹µģ
µǣ¹Σ˾ȻһȭУȻ˵ܽȫ¹⣬¹ǰ㴿⣬Ҳһȭܻеİ
Ȼ»һ裬ʹ䣬ȴǲܣҪǣŽ¹֮ҹΣյĴڣ
ֻǣǡӭĸ֣»ЩȻһȣȫ¹⣬˫ַת֮䣬һԲ´»ͷԲ£ԴСĻ
»ͼ飬ȻԲ±л꣡
Բ¸һڿգϵ¹⣬»۳ԲкԲԽԽܣԽԽ񣬳ûд»
»ΪЦһףġ
ûжСȴ˹еԲ£۾һȻһԾ˳ȥֱУ˲͵Բǰ
»üͷһ壬ӣҪʲôȴȵ㣡
ôüëȻֱɱӿ֣Сڸˣ»ԴɾͲôˣҺ̣Ҫ̣㵨ӺܲС
Сʱ»һͷԲҲһΣɢȥһֱԱ߿Ϸû棬Ǿһ˵Сӣʲôڣ
ʵǳϣֱû˦棬ĿСڣСѾԲ֮ǰſ죬»ѾںӣҪʲô
»ЩţΪСڿԲ£Ȼһ˶ûܣǴδ飬ܲţ
ϿһĻȴ뵽Сƿǳ֮ʱ֮Ӵɫâ͸Ͻ˱ܿȥ˵ԶԶģ֮ˣ֮⣬ȻҲСʲôӰ졣
ӣ
Ǿȣղͷųһ꣬˵ȴиӣǵֻӣҲᡭ
»ȴΪؽţͣ£ͣ£ӣͣ׼ҧˣ׼ҧ
ǸԲ£ʱѾ˰£
ʧİͼ֮£ȻǱСڵһˣСڵĶӡ
ʲôӣ
»޿֮ɫֻһľ֣ţ嵹һ˵һ칷ʳ£û˵Ҳʳ°
ͻأ»￴һʣã
ãã»˼飬۾һͼڰ£Ѿһ£ϽСںˣŷͼãס졭
ס죿Ϊ˭
ˣҡ
ٳһˡ
»Բ¿챻Թ⣬ɿȵŷң
ǹ̾ʹ㣡С˵꣬һԲ£ƣ»ȥ»üоһΣ٣ʲôҲܣæת񱼡
ܵˣ
С»Ժ»Ͳʱ漱˵Сӣһ
ֱӲᡣ
ֻһӦúôƣΪˣϲóϣܸ󡣡
ⲻһֳĽ𣿡˵˵󷨣ʹﻹ֪һҩȵˣʵһ
ʹ
ʹһᴫøࡣ
봫ҲѧˡߣСѾ»ͷϣû»ѣȴ벽
ô˵ѾˣҪˣ治ҵôǿһˣȻҲųľˣȴҶġ
£ഫųһһ󷨣ʲôʲô󣬻С漰󷨡
ˣҩԽԽˡ


1050 ͼʥ
ϳ֪ʱ¡
Ȼ֪һ࣬»¼˳󷨣Щ½źܴĲͬȻ֣ͬԣʵʲȴ¶
ǲõĲϣ½ϳĶ֮࣬洫󷨣ȴԿΪ󷨣ľΪ󷨲ϣʯͷΪ󷨲ϣľˮǳؼڻˣʬͷȵȣΪ󷨲ϣ
ϲѧ󷨣ݣɳݣ̸󷨣ȱû©ģţ棬϶ᰵɱ
ɱֻܲ࣬һơ
ǣĿֲǿ˵һƾ͹ˣٲ֮ˡ
ϾҪݳ
ϰ֮ʱ»ȴֹ˷ܣΪ潫ͼӳΪͼʥķȫ»»ڸ˵
ҳΪͼʥ»˳ϺСһۣԹһǺÿף»֮ˣʲôı³
»֪ͽ»ӣ֮ԸΪͼʥģճΪͼʥҲֻ뽫»öӱøǿ󣬵ʱаƿ󡱡
ʮ졢¡
һ´ҴҶǽ֣ǳȴֲܲãҲֻγΪһҪһһ󷨡
һգִӹ֮ȴ»˵֮ģ塢ˮ塢塢ɽȵ壬ǳʱǳ˳Ƕ
գʱ߰׷տ
һЩͼ塣
֮ˣȴӰ
֮䣬ѽˣʵԲ͵ĶǾƷͼʦ۷壬ͼĴڣҲ
Խ࣬ԽģΪԽп
ЩһͿ˳ϣɫܲƣر塢ˮ塢֮ˣҪԳʱȴͼʥ֮Щߴϲﻹ˵óϣǶû뵽һҩȣ͵õΪ֮ܡ
ͼ飬ͼ֮۵ͼ֮УͼʥȴǽͼڣѪ֮Уͼʥͼʥ֮󣬳ͼ֮֮⣬òͼڵ
ܶˣϥȴˣ뿪ҩȣ뿪֮ء
Ȼһ뿪ŷ֣߲ˣӶãĻ궼˼á
ӣ˻ˡ
ӵĺô͵ҪΪӰ£úô£ô׵£˵ǳΪͼʥĻᣬǳҩд󱦲أŸǿͼս쵤ҩ벻Ӽ
һ仰˶ˣ
룬͸ϽԼøǿǲиĻõٵ˵仰ʱȴ󲿷ֵעڳϣ뿴ϵķӦ
Ȼһʧˣϱһ㶼ûб仯ˣѵٵԼԪ˵ʲô·
֪Ͽšٵĵ
ʲô˵ҿܸ㲻ٰϴ˵ԲᣬȻ֪йʥһЩڻõʱЦ󷨹Ȼ⡣
֮صҩȣһĻֵĳһٶ˸˸ŸָĹ⻪Ⱥϣϵ֮ڣƬҶӵγҺΣٶԽԽˣǰǺüһΣڣÿһΣ
ҲظоԪҺˡ
ʱһζ
һҹͻأ»Ȼų۵¹⣬һѹ¹㣬кȥ»һХԾУҳɹˣɹˣѾΪͼʥˣ˵еĴڣҡ»
»ΧǺĽر̫ǳˣա¡壬ɲһľңͬʱ»ĳɹҲǣﶼ»ܣҲܣ
»ϲ֮ĿھһԵĳϣǰĴ𣬽Ҫٱһ˵ţ»̤¹⣬һһ̤ϡ
»Ͻʮ֮ʱ۾˵Ҳգʱˡ
ɱ㣬Ȼеıأҵģ»ţ켴һָСڣһ¹⣬ؽСڰΧңһ


1051 
ңһ
»СڵǿСиϣֻϧ»֪СڵıʲôһССշġ
ù̳㣿С˳һָѧ˳ϵ˵ǸУο㣿
ŭң
ͻͼ飬Ϊͼʥ»ıǣǰеˣֻǶǸ֮İˣЩɵǰֻӣԲ£
ԣ»ʮĺ仰ңתƷѾͼ֮ɢ¹⣬ʩչ洫ڸͼս
¾
˼һ֮ԻһƬޣҲϢһûзһ죬Χ֮ˣȫ»ǣһ˷ܣƿеıأǵģ̫塢ǳͼˣ۾Ȼ¶ļɵ
ǿǳصҲãСã¹⾻Ҳޣٲڣ
СڣֻһߣͲ»ȭͷɢ̲ſֲܵ¹⣬һͷײ˽ȥ˳ϣڳˣ»ΪСھҪ¹֮Уֱӻޣ
Ȼ𾪵Ļ棬һγ֣ǿСڵӣش¹⣬»۾֮ǰصϮ»ԺǸϤҳŭ㣿ƾ㣬Ҳֵùŭ
䣬顱һ»㱻Сһƣָúݺײ˵ϣ
һתʵ̫죬֮˻˷֮ûзӦһӣ»ĲҽǸˡ
ʱ˷ܱɲ˼Ŀ־塣
ֻһֻСޱȵӣ»ϲȥŹ»СÿһŲ£»ᷢһҺ϶ὦһѪѪʺѪȴһ㵭¹֮ɫ
ͼʥͼʥȻһֻӸˣ⻹𣿡ͼˣھţͼڴ½ܾûͼʥڣһǿͼͼʥȻҪĻڽΪͼʥʲô˼
Сڡ
ϻһСڽ»Сڶ̶̵ýһߣ»ֱڿлһߣ˳ϵǰֲ̽»壬Ӧ֤ǰĲ²⡣
»ϣ޾Թ޺޵¾ԸӣҾͲţԸ㣡»תͼ֮Ҫٴʩչͼս¾
»һϱ֪һģ
ȥɣ
һ¹ֱڳ࣬ǿȻ¹赲⣬ϸоʹȻһܡ
ţڱ֮ǰܿʥڵӣҲǵֵ¹ܣᱻ¹ֱӸޡ
뽫ǰһ¹ⵯ֮ʱԺ͵һ뷨ţһתš¹⣬̽ڡ
Ѿ»¹˳壬ʱЦΪжԭҲˣʲôˣǿߣױȵ¹֮£һж;㣬Ҫŭң⣬»ĳͷ
û»ĿУֻǹע¹ںԪҺһӵϣҪ¹֮ͬתԪҺһ֡
һ΢¹⣬ԪҺͬˡ
¹⣬Уǻˣǣ¹֮ʲô
ţֳȥܽ¹ƵҪ¹֮ʱϵڵ͵ش˳羨ｭˮһӽ¹ܸ֮ɵˡ

һʣڳҽǸϵˮҲµòУèһ¹֮󣬻ڳǻƺѰ¹֮
¹֮
ţϽĿⶢס»Ϊóѣϻᱻ»о˲ԾϳϵĿ⣬˵¹֮ã
ȳϻش»ΪʲôֻӲ¹֮Ҳ壿ǾǴ˵еʳ칷岻ɣ⻰һ֮Ŀͻؾ֡
ʳ£
ղŵΣڡʳ¡ֻǣǴʲô칷ϵõǵˮףû˵ȴǽӿ»壬»ˡ
⣬ʲô
»оԼڼػָоڳӿӴ־ڳϻ
Ϊʲôң
㣬ͼ֮ʩչ¹⡣

»ЩûףȴֽĿɨ֮ˣͼˡ


1052 
̶Ƭ̣ڳӴ͸ϴˢ֮£»Ӻܿͻָˡ
ָ»ȴûȥͼ֮Ϊû׳ΪʲôҪ֪ղţǿɻ֮У
һ»»ܽһо֪ǺˣĿǺ¸ӱ䡣
ʱʱ䣬ʩչ¾
ûвȻôȴŨɱֱ»ס͸Ƥ⣬»ﻹҷϽͼ֮
֮ΪΪԺͻһ뷨뷨Ҫ»ҪˣҪڳĸͼˣǰŵˣ
һɨȥ˵ǵʱ䣬Ҳˣٸһµʱ䣬ҪǻɲͼʥǱˡ
󵨣

ӸҶ

ڳˣһݸ߹֮ˣһЩ峤̫ϳϵȵȵĴڣر̫ǳ壬ǿھ֮ϵͼڴڣǸ߸ϣӰ塢һЩڵܿܿڣȻ˸ҺǣҪҪЮ
㾮ˮˮñ̤ޣ򣬱ǡ
̫ĳϽ˵꣬غһ䣺Сڡ
յ
СƤشƺҵһܺһֱһˣ˼СϮʱӳʮʵһнһеǿͼսСϮȥ
ҫ
ǳת
ٱҰ
ɽ

һٶˣȫָ֣貹⻪ϮСڡ
䣬ҹȰ绹Ҫ
ҫ֮ںҹҲչֳǿܣ֮Уڣ֮ϣǳɢĹ⻪塢ǳǱƽ
ڿգˮɽ
ռ䣬ܵһ˿˿綼͸
УЩ֣ϥޱȵĳϣȴסˣ
˹СȫȻη壬ӻϲССӳӭҫ⻪һ̫Ц¹֮ɱ㣬̫֮ǰ㻹ӵˣӵõ𣿡
˸պ꣬㿴⻪Ȼһȥ
ʲô
УСѾ֮׷ȥһСѾ֮ǰ棬Сһţʱ֮
С
̫ɵˣʵǲǰĻ棬ֻӣȻҫͼսĿֲܣˣ֮ⶼ̣
֮Сǳֵĵطȥ֮һǳâҲԶԶܿҲӲˣСһڸˡ
֮ǻˮ磬ɽȵȣȫСڵĶ
еСǰģйСڵɱУȫСˣ̵øɸɾ֮СڵǵԺǾֻôһ㹥𣿼Ұ
˹컭棬⺷̣˭Ҷֺÿ˵۾˸ſ־壬ʲôˣӣʲô̵ģ
һɴ̹Ǻ⣬ֱǽŵģ嵽Ŷ
ֹΣȻû˸ʩչС˵Ȼôǹ̿ɾͲˣ£ϸ̵ֶýŲӰȾƬռһǰǸָĹ飬һ϶ҲûУ
ӰһӣһӺСڿУһٶȴȫſڵϣûһǺõģ˺ۣѪ
ҪǵһٴһǧˡС˵һº󣬻ûнͼʥģ͵ṵ̋ɡ
˵ţСһſڣ
һ˵ɫ䣬֮ǰЩ棬ٴθǵԺˣǲʲô룬ϽƴΪǺһºûгΪͼʥģĻᱻ̳ԣ
Щ˵۾Ҳֳ֮ɫ
ͻأڿеСڣ͵ֱȥ˴֮УЩ˲׷ʲô£ȴǲ뵽ѵղȥˣڡ
뷨û꣬ǽµĴأȻһȻʮӰ˿У̶صˤڵϣѪڿա
壡ԭҲˣڵ£
˻ȻͬʱСڵĿ־壬˼֣Сڴӵ´ڿգһһǺҹ֮ȥ˵Լǹ̰ץ
ûлûκζ
ǾƲԣҪԷˡ
Сڻ䣬ǰڴ֮˱ܣâΨҹ棡ŻǺҹѸȥҪסй⻪
ҹ
Сſ졭


1053 
ҹ壡
ԺҹΪͼڣǹ죬ܸӿֲ
̫˿ƬҹСóʹ۾ͻ˳֮⣻̫ҹ壬ͼ˵һĴڣͼ𣬲ݡǧص
ҹɢתۼ䣬һƬѾҹ֡
ʱҹɢ·ϣһ죬·
ҾͲţ㻹ܽҹҲˣҹ֣һһƬҹСڰȥⱾβ׽ĺҹڴҪСװ䡣
ۿҹڴҪγɣȴǳͻأأҹȫСڵӿȥСźҹͬʱƣջ衣
£ҺӰ顱ڵأ
⻭棬̫ϱ飬ȫͬʱСڵĿֲָһ㣡
еˣԽӻֻӵʵȫǵԤϣǵļƻҪͼᱦصؼʱ̣ȻɱȥˣȻˡ
ڣǵļƻȫˣ
ֻҹ˶ܷ֣أЩţ㿴СʱЩɫ䣬ķˣôֵģ
ɣ
һأ˵ȴǳϣȥ˵ôãҶûдǣҲӦˣǼȥֻϧ飬ݲаҪǳ϶룬ЩòʧˣԣԷһֻܸ
ⷬ˵ȺҲˣһﾪţԭͷǣǹǸǡ
ǲԸ𣿡
һ˿ŭɴƣȴѹǴȫë׶Ų
ǰͨҩ·ߣһܹͨ½һͻ仰ȻǶ˵ġ
ʲôҪ˵ģϵЩ˱ڴλǰ֣ȴûκλóЩֻ֪һ·ˣ
֣
ֱڿʱ֮Уͻطɳǧɽնǹ̵ȵʮ˰Щڿк󣬾ǻӣϷ
ûжֻǿţ壬ûǧɽնһ㶼ֵ֣ǣΪʲôҪ۳۳ͼڣʲôΣ
ͬʱڳߵСڣҲţߣڹǰûйǻó𣿾ҲУɢ
֮£Ԥ׵رɢˣδڣεʮ˰Ҳȫѿ
ۡ
Уʮ˸Ѫ
򲻸ĵĺȺ𣺡ô飿Ǵûй飬Ϊʲôˣ
й컭棬û֪Ϊʲô棬ֻг֪Ϊʲôһ˵
ųһ£ʮ˸˳˳ǰ
ûкǶ˵ֱʵΪʲôҪһ壿ҩ
֪
˲֪ǻ֪ʲô
ʲô֪
ʮ˸˾һģмһȴһת˵֪һЩ
˵
壬϶ˣҲȥģ϶ʬҰ
ʮȥҲ̤벽ϵ˵ȴǲţн죬ȫΪ㣬Ȼˣúǿǣǻ̫ˣ
Ƶɱ󣿡
ʲôɱ󣿡
ֱϽȴһЦȻǲ֪Ǿͺðˡ˵ţƾóһƿͬʱһָָмˣ˵ϵʱһѪѪֱƿ
оһǵѪϣͻӵǵʱЩɱ壬ǵɱǵˣ˼
ϵĻмһңһ壬͡˵ţȻֹȴǳ϶ȡĹѪѪ
װʮ˸ƿѪ
ʮ˸ֱųϣĿӿ־壬˵ţ⻹û꣬һģȻһΪˣǾػָȻȡϵѪѭһֱ˵Ϊֹ
ûκα̣ʮ˸Ѿˣ˵ʮ˸˵ѹǿµҩʮ˸˵ɫܿͱú󡭡
ʮ˸ˣԸԼȥҲԸȥԳϸղ˵һУ
УɱʲôΪʲôҴû˵


1054 ҪһξѪ
ɱ󣿡
ʳųơ󡱣ȻΪԼʶ󷨣Ǹղ˰죬ҲûйһСɱ󡱡
ȴûᣬֻ˵棬ʲôң
˶仰ǲԣ벻׳Ϊʲô˵ȴ͵ؿԳȻǺҹ塢ͼˣ֪һġ
ңҲϴЩˣνΪͼʥͼսΪº֣ԱԸϣ
ȴϣЩνĺ֣ûзãͱ˼Ҹˡ
ûȥôֵģֻţֲСӶٵںԭǻ˱أܹͨ½ⱦء
ţȴͻʵõЩʲô
ҪһξѪ
ܣ
ȻҲûȥʲôֶΣߵ»ǰ˵ʱѵְɡ»Ȼɻ֣ȴǺ׹⣬һʩչ¾Ͻ¹֮ڣֱѸײڶ֮ƣˡ
ʩչ𣿡
»һĳϣӿŨŨУղһѾͼ֮ĵʣ޼ʩչó»ôҲ벻ףΪʲô¹⣬һһãȫûá
øãƴһ㡣
ϴʱУֱǱȶħҪֲĴڣʱ𣬡ɱһʲôұһξѪ
Ҳţ
㵽ôѹŻ˵ͲȴӦң˵Ļ
Ȼͻ㣡
Ǿ͵˵ɡ
ϵ˵ǧֻҧһ㣬С˵ɱ󣬿϶ֻһ˵ʲôɱ󣬻ʲô
οԼһûȷеĴ𰸣ľ;̬Ϻյĺʣһӣ
һ»ʩչ¹֮һ߷ʮѪ⣬һ󷨣ͼˣͻƵͼʥȴûȥǸ󡱡
ףһӴ㲻׽Ҫпֽܾ֣һƣһ
ھ޴ѹ֮£һµ޻ûڶʮʱ̫Ҳͻˣ
ͬģҲ
һ죬ǡס
ͼʥʵһʩչҫâֹɣһʩչžԭȴдڵܲסѳɷĴڡ
⣬ͻޱȣ뵽ȥ׵·ϵһͻ룬һ֮䣬âѾϮ˳ؿڣԴ֡
ꡭ
нζӳؿڴ֮ⲻǻ棬¶֮ߣȴǱȻʤ˲ֻ򱶣ͼڴ½ǵһϵˡ
Ҳˡ
ʩչ֮Ⲣû͸ϵȥţǳԽͼʥĴڣʵͻǳֲˣƾսĻ϶ˡ
ţѾ֮ڡ
Ƕ¹ǳȤ֮ȴǲôȤ֮Ҳ˲һݣֱӽ֮뵤
յڣƬ͸һҺεҶӣ͵һζ
켴ظоƬҶֳһ㣬ǿҺεҲǴ˽һ롣
ֻǣ֮Ҳʧˡ
ǡﶼȱ̫֮⣬˹⣬ҶܳٻܿţĪǡϱ𣬻Ǵһ֣ȴ֪ҶƬˡ
ٹ
϶׺ôһȣŽϸɱõĺôȻѹ֣ҲޱȣǵǴģȻʲô£
Ȼ󣬱ײͣʩչϲ֮ͣ⣬أ鵽»һУƴشȴ˼ҶҪǿƹ
ͻƵԽԽ࣬ȫһһԣǳ֮ҹ֮ȵȣУҹ֮ϵʱ򣬳һֳٵĸоԸ⻯ҹһ֣
м䣬ߵģǸϣ÷ͷųʱȫһܵӣϼˣҲʼǲǱˡ
£أ
ٻ棬ұ㣡
ϻһǸν棬ʱǱ˽ٴѪ壬ܲˣ˵ˣ˵˵


1055 󷨣
ΪҪס壿һ𣿡ֱʡ
ǸҪ֮ˣȴҡҡͷ˵֪
ʱĿƽɱ̴ֱ˵࣬˻һϽ˵ˣˣĲֻ֪֪ĳ˽һһ壬ӴҩҪԶųΪ֣һ֣ɱۣ
ࡱʣһӾСݼ˵Сݼ
ǸСݼӦھģ˹ƻģԭǲʲôģȴ˾ˣͷһϵǲܿƵ顣
һ㣬ϻû뵽вɸ̾һ׽Ķţʵ˵Ǹ˵𣿡
ûС
ںδ
Ǹûгɫϲãˬػش˳˵ˬ죬ó϶һ¡
Ϲ˵٣Ȼ˵٣ôˬش𡭡˼һת׹ôȥ壬Ǵ˼ˣҾȥһȥҪȥ壬Ҫȥ̫壬ȥǳ塭
Сȥ׵ˣ˵Լڣ˳ٴȡƿѪȴǳ˼֮У˵ģյĵҩҲģ֪ⵤ
ţͻȻת棬˵յĵҩ𣿡
ĴڣգͺñգñԻˮһҩȻҲգ壬ҵõϢ٣֪Ǻֱʡ
ҲǺʹ˵ⷬ۾ȴ͵سâ״յĴڣ񣿻˵ǱߵĴڣ֮ϣʲô
뵽⣬ϲѿڶʥ£ǣסˣΪúԶһӵ˽⣬֪Ĵ֮ԼǰŴܴ죬˵ͻģҪʳͺп֪һ½ƾǿʵһȥ½ɾͺܲˡ
ʱ˿̣ڡ󡱣κβóϣܹȥǣϲȥһġ󡱣˳㻹̽Ϣ
ʱͻؾȳСӣϽٲҾҪˣ꣬ˣСӿ㣬ҽ֮
澪ޱȣȴûһ㣬ִ㣬Ϊʲô֣ѵ淢ģֻҪȳңдջһḶسꡭ
ų󷨾֣ǣ㴫ҵ󷨣̫ˣҪ֪֪һ󷨣ҪˣһУϳûҪЮ̬ȺܼӲ֮ǰѾˣٵһЩҲûʲôϵֻӦõõı꣬϶Ҳף󣬻ǶôΣգ
졭һƣһ߸㡭
УھҪ֪
汻ÿҪѪˣȴֲòѹŭ𣬽һһ󷨣ഫϡ
һҹ䣬ϢܶΣţĺΣˣ֪˵Щ󷨣жǴġ
ʵ٣ϵǲô⣬ȥݣҪǷ˼·˷˼·û󣿾ûУҲҪ񴴡ɱһഴ
״̬ĳϣˡ
ֱһԶڳеˣ̫廹壬ȫͽ֮Уͨ۲֮⣬Ҫǲ˷˵Ļᣡ
СҪųһȥûдӦ棬Է⣬ΪΪֹȻû˵Ӱܾò׵壬ҲǲӰ˵嵽ѣȴ̫ѡ
󣬳һ̤ȥ
һ̤ȴǷ֣ıˣӭĲǡţǡˡţĴ󣬲Ҫţ˭Ҳס
£һԾٶֱУȥǡţ
Ȼ»׵һˣȴӰƾʧһ㣬üͷ΢壬ܿȥܾһЩľһ޼ʣס
Щľǻþǡţͻػһˣһúģһֱ浽


1056 ˭˵Ҳң
ղʣ󡱵ꡣ
Ȼ˵вĻû͸¶ϢǣȴһõϢҲͺһԸģ
Ը񣬾ͱضȱݣ
Ӹոܱ꣬ܿ
ˣ㹻ˡ
Եʼⲻ֮ҩ֮УڡУ棬ͬЩһЩֻߣһ㣬˱壬ĹͣǽӤһ㣻Һ꣬ҪȻ治ƣ
м¶Цݣǰľ̲ʲôɱΣֱ˵˵ģ
УܲǸˣ̫ˣҪ͵
أ
ɣ
Ϻת˵Ҫģ
ģʲô¶ã֮ɫΪôõûнӴ֪ʶԣɷʡ
ıǣû͵øע
껹ЩԻȴǼᶨ˵һ
һأ
ûһִš
˵ǲҴˣ
˭˵ҲңУʲôҵģҲƢģ˵ⷬȴڳϵ֮Уϼ˵ʲôע
עʲôٴʳ
ûҪóһЩҡ˵꣬ȴǸһЩ겻ףʲô²ֻǣ滹ЩףСӹǷˣƾһ仰Ͳ³ǺԸ˼ǣҪע⡭ʲôע
䣬˵ʲô㣿ҿûʲôã
һЦڡУ͸ظоϵΪϵЦݣͻȻһ
Ȼó˵ûУǣŵУ
ҵͷˣ˼
ţҪ˵˳ϵͼȴ˵ѵ㻹ҡܴӱŵȡһЩ
˭˵Ҳң
굱˵󣬳ϱо˴仯ġ֮Уǰİľת˲㳤ɲľ
غţССӡ֪źʹ棬˵һ仰
Цݣٴβø֣ŲϹûһ˵ʵڻȥȡУʹ֣ʵ϶дɱУ˲صĴɱС
ǣá󡱵ȥȡǾͲʲôΣˡ
ϵĿģͲڴˣͨõһͰˣͼ
ȣǧ꣬ϵĶ϶ô򵥵Ķ붼ǺǿֲܿĴڣٱϵʲôȡȾʥҪǿöࡣ
Σǰֲı϶ĸԸͽضз֮Уˣмܻأʵø棬ϵİΣͻԽбϣ
Ҳᱻ汻ôöûŪֶοɼͬһ㣬ҪﲻܸһЩأ
һ㣬ǰľı仯ͿԿóǶԳ˵ǰһף
Уδʼ󣬽֮䣬ﵽЧʵһ
ڳʯ˼֮䣬ǰľַ˱仯޴ٴαԭΣľ
𡭡
ͬʱ淢һ𣬡Сӡ
ٴȻֹȻĶˣŴΣѾ棬ķŭ
ܵע
ǰǰľĿУһģһȴֲ񣬳Ҳȥ˵Ȼܣ
ˣ㲻Ҫɣ
˵ʱȫٸǰģ͸һޱȵš
û֣ȴ˵ȰǶң󣡡
ƾʲô
ǶעҪĻעңϣȻʲôһ򲽣һˣҲУ
˵ãͦ
㲻ңѵ˵㲻ңûɱңٴʹ˼֮дŭ˭˵Ҳң
켴ǿĶֱͷɵ˳ϵС
õⶫип꣬Ҳ̫ˣע˫Ҫģţϱ߽ⶫָš
һţȴ֣ȻŲȥ


1057 
ŲȥĴڣ
üͷΪûио֮Уһ˿һڣǳϲŵڡꡱĶҲûУ
ôŲȥأ
ôҲ벻ףʱһ˳ϵĲ룬˵Сӣ󣬿ҪӮģ
ںȡСӡȻǸѧġ
ˣҲ׵ĶúܣպлᣬȻסţȡⶫϵڲϣǳϴӸջѪϵõʣµһˣ֮ˣҲˣֻʣ
ˣ󣡡
ߣ
һߣľ糱ˮϣ֮ʱ޾ľȴǻ˳ģȭ۾һݣ֮У֪⡰󡱣ɲǵرֳô򵥣ıʽǺܶܶ࣬һЩڳϵԤ֮С
ֻȭͷظϺҲһȭ
顭
ը죬籩ܼ𣬵ʱЩľѳĩաأվ֮ѾһƬߣûһӲݴڣ
ܣ
ǲ˼ľǧľǧ򾫱ÿһݣÿһ㱾˳ɵʵǧ˳ʵ㣬ôֵһȭ
˳ޱȵ棬Ҳǲʹ΢죬ȻһĻ̫֮⣬ԽԽãӣôʰ㡭
һȭ̲صĿɲǵʮǿľûгϼкã˵ֶΣɱң
˵˵Ͽûн겻Ըܹ꣬һǣ浽˵ɾͲôõģΪ󣬾ϵ壬ף
ֻ߾ȫӾĿ񱩣
С
һŭǰǱѿĲľмһ۳˳ϵģ޾ǵذӿ˲ͽûС
״˵ôһʵҿڳԣҴģ˵Ȼ϶Ѿˣ͸ˡ
ȻûдȫɢͿЩϰΧסģһģһĴڣһȺһȺأӳȫëסϴ˽ȥ
ٶ֮죬ͬǧϪһ㣬̵ֻĲˮתۼ䣬ЩӰͱ˲٣
⡭
꾪ȵãҲ˵ֻǴؿţŰΧųϵӰԽԽ٣̲޾ʹ۾Ӳؼ˿˿𾪣Сôܽһʮ½ҲûĪСӣҲǴ߽״½ģ
ɻһͿƲסԼ˼ˣСʵͣǴռϣȴĹֶΣĪʲôܴռķӵдռķڵļɻʵ϶ǵ̷ǳļ塢ˡ
ԽԽôһֿܣȴ˵ţ֮ǰĲľǻĲľ֮ȴɵı֮һһ
ʱʹҧ֮һһ˵㡭աʲô
üëһݣ˼ת³һ֣

۾һӱüΪӣΪ˼
˵ԼպȴǾ͸¶²⵽κϢ
ڰ㡱ĳϣӦŻĲľ֮ס»ˣȴûôˣǵʵˣġԼҲʵˣǡԼͬͼսȺɱ
ס»ɱһɱʮȴɱ˰ٸǧܿ죬ǾͱˣˣеһԱجج
桰Щ棬ЩУųϣҪȻǣΣͬʱҲȷϲͼڴ½ˣ
ҶԹˣıأվ֮⣬ֻһˣӰһݣȷŭҪҸ㣡
ʱǰһ죬ڿգһƬƬƵأ
ػ
ɢģǱ֮
ϿǱǻӴıͻȫͬϻֵĸо
ˡ
³仰Ͻüͷȴչ


1058 Ϊأ
飬̩Ȼ
ꡰһ򶨣ǱΪܾɱϵһεĶҡţܻٱѵܶԿ֮ɣ˵ô𣿡
һֱעŵ棬ȻҲǿ˳ϵ̩Ȼ飬вϲϲ֮ȴָǣϣ˿֣ᷢ˿϶ֵᷢģԲᣡ
ʱּˮַٳ˻
ˮ𣿡еĶҡǿҳ̶ȣ֡
һͬʱˮСӣһʲôĴڣҲӿκˣͬʱȷŴǸ
ˮӣˮ򡢺
ûкκֻ֣ʹˮ뺮ȥţȻˮе˼ǣػ𣬻ǲУ
ΪҪˮԻ˻
ȴϣáˮ򡱹ػ𣬡򡱷ˮˮΪԺΪ֮ʵѾǷͬ죬ЩܱӣǡеܣҲָ˲٣
رǡˮ롰ԪҺΪ֧ŵĴ߷֮£ʢ˲ػһ֮ˡˮ롰סٴ֮
У֮֮
濴ųʩչ۾˼֮ɫƺУϵûоԱûγԪҺǺпڸʩչһɲǣ͸ƣǣʱ۾ŵԽԽŨɻ
򴳽ػûн򡱶ƣػҲûˮ򡱷֮򣬶úõģ״Ѿˮȴ˵ػ޾ˮǿػֶ֧ʱ䣿ľɱ㣬ݽ棡
ľǸ꣬ȴһЦʱˮ롰仯
ֻ磬磡

ˮɻɵˮ硢磬罫ףϯ䣬֮
ϿػǱˣˣʵˣʮɽĹһ֮
ֻûʮɽôԣڹ֮С
ʱ˿̣ţƺЩԾػ
ԭһУ궼Ӧǣ֮ǰһΪ֪Ĵս˳ǰ༤仯ټϣϵջɳ²֮ƣ̫궼Ϊػˡ
ҲûǷ룬Ϊ̫˼˭ȥ֮أ
֮ȻǴɽõľ飬Ȼһȥǣȴޱȣ©ٳ
ͬӣˣΪٸߣܴãܷӶʵ
ϻţϣػ𣬳ʱԽԽáػжֻҪֻҪ룬ػͻԴԴϡ
ûϵ֮˿ԾĻȴԽԽأ
ȥ
굱ϣɢΪ죬أ
κβ㣬أ
£֮Ũˡ
ػʧóϲɸе˿˿źл֮ȷʵ̫һ㣻¡ɢ֮ȴóȻһָձڶʱоֻ֮ǣе֮ȴǵ˺ܶܶࡣ
϶죬ŵأЦûա¡ǳûɽԳ죬Ϊأ
ҪǳɽҸ㣡
һ䣬ɢڸصס»ˣͻط׷һУ塢̫塢ǳˣգɽ塢ˮ塢塢ͼˣȴѭС
Ǻҹ壬ȴǸпռ䣬ˣҲһķʽվһУ
ʱϳһɽһңû֮ˣȻïܵɭ֣ϣ̫֣תǳ˸
ʵأżơ
䡰֮Ũ
ҪҪҪҲޱȵɢգҲǵϣܴһء
ϲЦղŭ˵ǣεºܣΪΪ£ΪɽΪ
˵ţȭͷ
Ժŵģһڶ


1059 ڶȭ
ǣεºܣΪΪ£ΪɽΪ
ϰ˵һߣصУ˵£ɽǴǾǣҲǣǳţ
Ҿͻ£ɽ
ϾȭͷصԺģҪ̾һصĺڶڶɢģϲ֪ǣڶӵʼһʱ䣬ȴǿţȴʵʵڴڵ֮ȭͷ̺ȫģźڶת
£Ҫ㣡
һ仰ǳų£ҪĴڸɱǳǳɴ˿̣ǾǳһʵرǣԶͼʥĴڣɢƣó϶һЩ¶ڷħĹǣ
ˣԳ˵ҲǼ¶ѣϿʮǳһ
һȭ
ȭ֮ʱһҪңұ죬죬ʹǳʼ
ʱһռֳһУڶһУֻɫǺɫɫ䲻ͬȴžŷƣ
ŷ֣ǳģļޣϾµصĺڶôģµģ
һȭõֻޱȵ
桰߶СӣõһȭʲôȭôҶĪһļ֮У⡭
߶֮䣬̺šڶ֮ȭͷײ׹صǳʱһը죬¡ⷽռ
ǿǳˣ
ڶȭһЩ΢ǿ
һݣȻһָоǰֲԾĸоǳƣҲţȫ׹䣡һʣǳͬʱ¡
֮⣬µģ
飡
ԾݻġڶСѾǳУ󣬺¡ը಻ϵܲˬһ
Ϊǳȫˡ
ǳȫѵ˲䣬»ΪۼҲڶ֮С
ɢ
£Ҳɢ
ʲôһɣ
źڶսд䣬ҹ֣Ⱥɽƣ𣡡
ɲǼ䣬ҹǵǵؽ٣ֻأǡеأҹ֮У£ˣȺɽס
̫ȴǲӰ
ϵһЦʹźڶ̺ҹȺɽ򴨣̴أںҹ֮е̫ⷽһ֮
˶ġڶһ˿˿ҡΣϵӣҲбһ£˲仯Ϊֱֱ
˿ҡΣһбȫޱȵءˣһ£Ҫ̣Ǿ̸
ռĺҹ޾šڶȥһһӿڶȺɽ롰ڶ
ҹ󽭡ȺɽȵȣǰͼģźܴĲͬ
߲ܣ̶٣
ʮӣڶҡӾңƺʱᱻһ㣬ϵӣҲ޹زǣϻ̵̣òֺ
ڶ飬ȻŹԴԴϵ붫УҪάУҪĵ̵Խ࣬ĵԽ࣬άôʱ䣬ңҲЩСӣȻ֧š
ϵ֧֣ӲһװģǣǺڶҡȴʵģϸоԼݻġڶҪֲ֧סˣ
ԴˣȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵һʩչڶЧҲ֪ˣҪǻȭĻǲ֪Ҫӳȭ˷Ѷ
㻹ܼ֣ұʳ˵𣡡
ڶˣڶҲڶˡ
ںڶһ˲䣬һƼƺҹֱͷ­
⽣ʮ˸ˣģ
ʮ˻һ궯֣ɷһܵټϣյʱ֮ȷ
һɲ䣬òƱˡ
Ҳţ㻹صȴ֣ץȥʽ롰ʽһģһ

겻ΪȻȴ˿ҲģֻĿ⣬أ
һ£üĽ֮񽣣Ҳǰ˷ֺһȴڳУѿ
գۼΪĩ
˵
ַ˲˼ľֻǳΪĩ񽣣һε״СǰһģһɢϢȴȫͬ

һ£񽣣֮졭


1060 ɱ㣬ˣ

񽣣ѾΪ۵񽣣ԪҺ֮⣬Ǽ̳˳ϡ桱֮Ľ
˵һռ죬죻ʹ˿˵úʣ
һʽڡһ죬âۣ
켴ƣ
Ƶ˲䣬һڲͬĲҽص󡱵Ŀռ󡱶ζһҽУһһֱʹ࣬Ӿʮ򱶡
Ȼʱȫʹ࣬ڿţʲôǽʲô֮죬ˣҪһ㣬Ǹȥʲôˣֱһٵøɸɾ澪ڳϵһ֮Ǿڳϵգƫƫճɺϣǡ
ȻҲ֪ˣɳû̫ȥ˶صˣҲпָܻңΪ֮ףδе󣬱Ǽٵģ㲻ƣ
ģˣԸ֮䣻Ȼ֪Ըı仯ϲΣҪܵĻͲñǧ꣬뾡취ֶεȵȽջˣϲ²⣬ǲ֮ˣʲôƣ
ЩԸ֮䣬ȴпܴᣡ
СӣȻң㡭ȫǲţ޾ԹޣȻղˣеƫˣ˵㣬кѣ㣬ǧַ
ɶҪһؼ尾еġȻ棬һЦ˵ǰһֱû֣Ҫˡ
⻹ûн
ľϲ뵣ǣһŨСӱֵԽǿǾͱԽѿƣرڵʵǧģӽʣ޼
Ҫ˵ʲôϪκɱ𣬡ǰ㣻ǡ
ڣ㲻Ƶ󣡡ŭܻش˳ϵĻ
ϳ˵ȷȴԹ˵Ʋɱ㣬ˣ
걩ŭɱңɱң
ҪҪٴһģϵ˵ʱ͵һоԼпҪˣǰʧǸʹʮ֣ҪóǼֱҪҪܣҪǣʵһαҪȰ˵֮ʱּ㲻ңһ˴Ķң˵ûоԵɱңĻɱ㣬ѡ
ľʹģһ㲻ɣ
ע
Ѿ֪ע꣬˵ֱȡȥٶ֮죬ȫûлĻᣬϢֻһ֮Уǰһ£һ°ɫӡ
ϽץУ֮ͬǰǸĶһŲָпţһɰ꣬һĴΣ
ɣСӡ
ϲֱӳ֣ȥɳһĻһĻȫڳϷƸּ䣬ʵֳ󡱣һСһСȥ
㡭
󾪣벻ϾȻ֣ʱ䣬ıʽݻڳǰĵ֮£仯תšššŵȵȡ
ڼвеͬʱһֱŶȥǰҲǺᣬΪţпܾڡ
ʱ̣ŵ൱죬תۼ䣬һʱȥһʱУ겻֪˶ٴΣ֮УңЩ壬ȥоԼԼ壬ȱ˸첲ȣȥһһһ
ЩˣţôϤͺ񡭡񡭡Ƶġ걻Լͷˣ֪ǳ˺üµĽȻ㵽ʲôݵǺһԤ֮УҴͨ
ļ£
Ҳһ̾ȻߵĳϣǣһȷʵǷǳˣ֪ϼľӺˣ
䣡
һСȥ
Ҫȥʱը죬󾪣ȥˣҪʹһˡ
˲⣬˵ҪУҾһֱ棡һֱ
ϸȥƳһĵ·ңϺ£˫ü罣ɣŵ·֮ǰ֮ԤУ·ͨĵط汻֮


1061 һ˵ľ
һȴС󲼳ɣ߸ʱ߸СʱСоǧ֮ɰڳǰģȻǿͷһϵĲС
߸ʱ罫ϷѾѪ֮ݳ󷨣õǸɸɾʱһһڷļţղ˶󣬼ȥһֻ󣬼ı˶󡭡
Щ㣬һƴһǳϽҪԵɽѵĹ˵֮ǰһռɾռϷ磬һأǣǺڶߣ걧ϷŪˣͼ档
ڣҲӳϣֻҪ΢¶һҪȫеɱУܽնɱӮöע
ץסһ󹥻ϾǲҲ൱أԣһ·ҲûԪûΪʲôûеͨһ㣬Ԩ֮ϵһ˿֮ϣ
һƵϵǣȴһѪ
ѪˣѪˣҿ㻹ֶ֧áռ껶Գһֱڼ֮УΪоԼǸʵСӸѹסˣָоܱ񣬱ȳöǿ߶ѹĴڣ
ˣһѪֱ֮оȥ㿪ֻ
ûлشĻûʱҲûоȥ˵еһȫ֮У½ڻͨ󷨣ԼʹֶαƵó󷨣ͣطֽ⡢ϣٷֽ⡢ϡ
ѪһΡ
ϲɸпǰ۷״̬󣬻ΪһЩѶȣ׵ʵ̫ˡ
ó󷨣ܶࣻǣȻоֻԼĶ󷨵⣬Ӧ䣻˺СͬʱϵõģҲ١
ȣⰴѹ֮£ϵļ֮ΪһǣŶԳպ㾭кܴİ
ΣǶԾĴ˸ѹɲһܼ
󣬸ó϶󷨵⣬㣬Ѿо˵ġ󡱣Сꡱô򵥣
Լ뵤УԼ󣬿ǰǧǧвһͷ󷨣ʵͺ˵ӣ࣡Ǿ񣬾˼롢־󷨲ɵ󣬾˵ӣ֮еı仯С󣬾ͬ˵Ƥ⡢ͷ޾ѪϸֻҪ˲ѪϸҲⲻͺǰЩ󷨱һģһÿ˶ԼصӣͺÿԼصԹܣһ
һ룬ϾһéٿȻĸо
ָоϺǿ̹ģ
Ǿǣ
˲䣬ϷԼײͻظסˡ󡱣ַ֣ǡ󡱵ȫòľʶ
ûȥַ֣ΪԺｻ渡ͼһǡ󡱣һ˵ӣϴûм˵ӣ
ˣûȴǰͻأǳسڳԺ
ͼԽתԽ죡
תж죬ǶǴڳϵʶԣءѪֲܷӣƤȡ
ܡۣ֮ġ
ԽԽ̣ƵԺ֮ȥתԽ죬Ϳ̵Խأӡ͡ͼǺ϶Ϊһˡ
ӾǴ󣬴ӣ
ڶ֮ʱҲΪøԣƵޱȵؿ죬ȫÿѪΪֲ֧˶ʱ꣬Ĳѣɵ㶵ɵ㶵ģ棬۾һתתءšϣšַʲôַ
һ;裬ҲðݣַӣڣҲǿϲţʶˡ
ԽԽ죬Ժڻ϶Ϊһһ˲䣬еĶͣˣסֻҪƳһƬ󷨵֣ҲڿУ
һܣ
꿴еʱһֵĸоǣѹôʱ꣬ΪϵĹˣΪϼֲסˣɵ֮˲תɾϲ֣
һɲǣʩչԤõĳ󹥻
濴ų϶һɲǣҲһֵĸоΧ̫ˣ
ʹų󹥻Ϯǰһɲǣһ˫۾͵ؿǰ棬ûһ˿ֻ͸ƽޱȵƽƽ£
Ȼ˵һһ˵ľ룡


1062 󣬡ġ֮
һ˵ľ룡
һ仰˵ǵѪֱоĵޱȣʱ˿̣ǿƹ֮ʣرϾͻһɳȴҪʱ̣˵Լ˵ľȫǷţ༰֮£ˣܲһ˾֮ʵ̫ˣй룬˾
ţСӣҲʲô˵ľأһȳ˸֣˸£Ǳӿϵĳ󹥻Գ˰˸ţ֮ţŽϰΧģ͸ž𣬡źһ˻٣
ʱš롰šһűţٺϡš
գ֮䣬ֻʣţһšһš˵ֻʣţȴǽøֻʣһ˿϶ŶҲ϶Ϊһš롰šȫϣ˿϶Ҳٴ档
סģ˳ϣǸ󹥻һвνݶǽϵ˿˿ۣչֳ֮涼ɵСͦù𣿡
ҪȫϵһɲǣϳˣƳȳ֣ȥƤ
ȥƤȥԺиֵǸ֮Ƥǡ֮Ƥ˲ҡΣǿϵţȻȫֳ飬ĲҽȻ
Ѫ
ν
⣡
޹ǣ
˲Ϣǰǳ󹥻Ҳɢ֮Ľ֮ңѾݣޱߵĿ־鲼壬оղűȥ󷨣Ȼ󡱶ԣû⵽Եƻǣ֪Ҫָ֮ǰ״̬Ǿһ൱Ĺ̡
꣬Ҫʹȫȥס棬Ѿˣؿųڷ֮䣬ͬʱ˫۾ӾҪˡ
һΪʲôһܵˣУԲƻȥ굱ϣȥܰδһֻ󷴹ֹסϵĶֺһ֣
ͬʱҲȳȡΣ
ȥƢ
ժ
֮£Σʱɢ󹥻ҷ𣬡᧿Σ
ܣ
ֿ־ˣƱǰ˴죬ܿ͸һеĸоٴȻţô˽ңһ˽Լ
ϲ飬ôҲβס˾ǧˣɾǰＱشߴٵ󣬽Ĺȫʩչȥȥץס꣬ȫˣǰֵϣϵ֣ٴ̧ȥ
ǣʧˣûپ֣һ̤κƴȥ̤ġ֮
ġ
˵λ֮ǡλҲ˵֮ǹѺ֮Ȼ껹λá
ţ˾֮£һ棬Ϊס棬Զʹڵɣ
Ȼ룬վڡġ֮ʱϿ档
һ˲䣬ոմչĳϣȴǱסˣΪǰĻ棡
ǰ棬һ޼ʵҽ޾ļ
ҽǽ֮ɫȴ֮ɫ߶ʮֹ죬ɸǣҽм䣬һ۾ƽһС˫۾ȴʹ֮ɫŽɫҽɫı
˫۾͵ֻһ˫۾ûüëûۿûУ
۾Χһ˵ͷ­ǣ˵ͷ­ȫȻɭɭ׹ǵҲˣͷ­ϣȴƫƫһ˿˿Ѫ⡭
ͷ­֮ϣͷʮɵĺڻͷֱںɫ֮Уͷ­֮£һ˵ڣ߸ȭͷСĿѪ
˫ȣ˫Ӳ˽ɫҽ֮У
˫ֵ֮ϣǱɢһһס
⣬Ӧһˣǣ˭һۿֻ¶ţǰĴڣһˣ
ϱͷŴͫףȻŵ£ֿ˵ˣһѹͷסͷԼĴָͷȴ˵ЩͷͷͬһԴ
ȥЩͷպô߸Ѫ֮У
߸ѪüëһᣬţǷλ
Դ˼֣ˡ
ʱǰ˵ˣ˵ˣ˵졭ơ󡭡
棿


1063 汦
ȥ󡭡
ûĻǿѹ𾪣˵棿
Ҿ棬ȥꡭܻźܽ˭˽ǧ꣬ļ֡
Ȼδ
Ϊ˿̵ĳϣ֮УűһУøԶԪҺкڰתȻǿܴ֮ǧ꣬ǽҽڼһƽ״̬
֮⣬סĹͷϲȫ˹ͷ;ܲ²⵽ͷ֮ǰѪ󣬲ס˵νʥпܷסѪͷȵȵȵȡ
ġƽ⡱һЩƽǣһȫͷⷢܵʹ࣬
壬ó⸱ģˮͷʹĹͣ
Ȼʹ࣬˽ǧ꣬һˣң񴩹ˡ󡱣öӣͼڴ½ǿΪΧ
Ȼˣˮ׽ϴͼڴ½˴μƻճΪͼڴ½˲Ϊ֪ľ䣬治֪Ҫж꣬ɳӣҲпܵ£
ϴ棬һʵж˵жֶΣɱ֮´ǧꣻڶǷԣǷԣǷԣ
֪Ϊʲôϲȭͷ
˵棬һʣ½Ǵ˵еڵģ񣬲յ㣡
˲˼ǧڲͣشߴٳ󣬿ɳֻǶһЦȷ棬ϲ﷭ˡ
һЦ֮󣬳ϵĿ⣬תһˮȴֲˮģӰϣʱǴӿ𾪣һӿ
ֻΪǸӰԺУ͡ںϡ϶ΪһӰһģһ
ʱ꣬ûкõȥǻ岻ϣȴȱʧһ֣һƤ⣬ǸΣ
˵һϵ˵Ƥ⡢һϿȥΪȱľһЩ
óһ嶼һȴǷǳԻŭСӣ
Ŷ
һָ˳𣡡
ôصˣҪָãǧ꣬ǧ꣬һꣿеľѾɢȥȻѾߵһ·϶ա
óһͣȱĻ壬һŤҪ˵֮ʱ˵꣬ʹɱңΪɱҶڵģ
һбǴʹСӣʲô˼һ飬Ѿתͷ档
Сӣ㲻ҵ𣿡
˭˵Ǿģ
ܱ̫ˣЩתΪλҪ󣿡
ΪԼ𣿡󣬵ȷΪԼҪһű⣬ҪΪؽѰΪѰ
ҵ汦ˣ㻹𣿡
汦
ϵһûжʣЦĶעֹ£˵꣬϶꣬ҪҪ㣬ɱˣ
Ļ弤һɱ棬ǣôֻɱСӴֻһǧ꣬ȫʹ泹׻ȥˡ
궢ųϣ˵Ŀģ
ֻҪ㹻ı꣬С˵꣬˩סĽҽڼ͵ʱлŻ꣬㲻Ҫ㡭˳ģ϶롭֣ҳͬʱʵʱ׽ɱעҶ֣͡ʵء𣿡
ȡ
Ļһ˼棬ŭǳСӣ㾹ȻңҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
İû꣬꣬ǡ֣ˡȥʱˣҲˣǣУ϶ռƣҪɱҡԻܴ󡭡Ҫǣ㱨˳𣡡
˼ˣȻǱ˵
üֲ˫۶ųϣ˵СӣҶ㻹˵㡣
ϣһЦ켴˵棬Ҫܸ㹻棬ֱӾͰ㽫ɱõô鷳
ס


1064 һ󷨣Ѫ
Ҫʲô
ȻɣǱ
֮Ժ˵ЩֻΪ˱ȥѣǵ˱Ʋ֮أŲ
ǣҪóıأ
涢ųϣ۾һĨЦ⣬˵ǣ겻Ķ֣׾٣ҵȻҪ㡭
Աߵ˵ŭӲͣҪ˵ȴ˵Ҫʲôıꣿ
ϼ״ȴҡҡͷ
治⣬ʵʲô˼
ǷǳżˣȻʹֶΣټŭҲãΪڵģҪҲҪɱ㣬ɱҡϱ˵űҡͷ˿ûһԵ꣬ǲڼеͷһҲ˵˵Ҫʲôı꣡
ʵģԶԶûƽŭţһϰҲűӣҪӱƼˣ򣬼ӱƴϸһЩۣɱ㡣
ɱ
϶ɱ൱УһǳϱɱɱأΪҪǣϻˮ׵ǧսдɱ
ȻоȴûбֳֻЦ˵ʲôô֪ҪԼóҾС
ϴȥһӺ˵ҸѴһ򣬹𣿡
ҲҪһ󷨣ֻҪһ󷨣ҡͷ˵ɻһ󷨣һ֣
󷨽ֵһ󷨣
仰һ˵͵㣿
ֻҪұ꣬
ϳ˼˼ųϵ飬ȴ߲ѣСӺúݵǣֻƬȻܲ³ǸҵӣҵӻҪҪҪǸ㣬Ҿûɻˡ
κҡͷ˵ҿԸĶ
á
ˬ㶣ΪϲӦȴϳ˵һ֣Ҫʲôʱ򣬳˵һξѪ
һξѪǰҪΪʲôһҪҵľѪ벻ףѪȷǲ˵ģǣѪǿģҸһξѪı꣬껹֣ʱӾĵ̣

ۣ
һҺ³һξѪҪѪȻֻһĿģĿǰΪԡһϹ˭Ǿ֮£ǳԼҲһְնûС
ǣҪһѣʵΪģʵٲһ֮ʱһᣬֻҪܹ棬һУʲôǵòģ
֮ǰҪһ󷨣Ϊ̵ġ
ǵξѪһֱϵȥѪڵһǣǰͻֶ˲Ѫܲس֡
ͬʱЩѪУͻ⼱޾ͷ
ϿЩѪȴһ˿ʧΪǰֵѪ׳ǿƤ¼󷨣һһ
ֵ̫죬̫ͻȻˡ
Ҳһ˿ʧ񣬳ϱ޾ͷסˣ
Աߵ꣬ЦˣҪСӣҲҪ
ʱ˿̣ȻûмԪָķǿֻʷȦֵĻпܻᱩ¶֣Σʱ̣ϲһ
䣬۳磬޾ͷͷϹȻͬһ㣻ϵĵ֮УǿŴӷɽõСԪڤں֮󣬳Ѿо˺üΡ
ͷǿɳϵһתеĹͷһһĺȻˣֻƬ̹ǲ޾ͷȫ˻ҡ
һԿˣȻǲųϾȻܹٻֹͷ
ȴٴξϲ֣олڸ̾ôǿСϵܣǲٰ
˹ͷϽ¸ȴûʩչڲʱ̣
Σ
ٴ֮гǽҽڼӿȪٲһϮϣϵ²ƣһԾǶѹͷʱͷֱ
ĸƢֻʣġûмȥǺ죬ժģޣ
ŵʱֱڼͷʼϸ΢ı仯
ڳϣȴûժģҽ壬Ҫʲôˮ


1065 ò
ʲôͷ棬ͷƺƽű֮ȴǹ㾢˵˼ʻīʯ
˼ʻīʯһ飬ʵ;

ҽ۾Ƶʼӿ죬ĽͷҲ趯޾ʹ࣬ûлشϵ⡣
һƾȴûֹͣ˼ʻīʯﵼ˼ʻȥīʯˮϡ
ͬʱ䡣
꣬һͷһƬطȪˮӿһԴԴϵسͷʲôطôͷ
һ꣬ͻ뵽֮أ
ţЩͷֻǼϢĹ򣬳ǰͳһͷˣʮɿɣͷϳֳЩɫɢŸָϢ£ƫƫЩϢֶʮ㣬ٸϵĸоÿһϢҪǿΪʵǿ
ͷ˻ڱ߱ƺֹһ㣡
ͬʱеøңĿֱϣ˵óϳ֡ժġȻ򣬳ϻھֵŰ˼ʻԼīʯ
ͷ˾һֻԲаɵƣ̶һϵµıȫϼĲѹȥ˫۾͵ͻأɫȴųϡ
ž
ͷһͷ­ϣ۾ɫҲͻʧǰǸѪɫѪڰ˼ʻҽ֮Уȶһԣǽͷ縡ƼһƮҽ֮ϣһ
òƣˡ
ˣ
ϲŲţ˽ǧ棬ôأ
ȻǼһԱ֪
תһתſڰ˼ʻҽе棬ߵһȦƣͷǸоһС
ʵ˿ֲ˳˿µֿȴûзšѹ硣
ǹͷˣȴſ˵ѾˣڣֵˡһģһЦҪˣҪǷʹ
ԣͷתͷ棬պüֱۣҲҽʼۣ°ȴԷб䣬һȭȥϵīʯ͵ҽ
ʱıըӶ
ӣҲըգͷҲûڱʴлٵ
ڹͷһȭеʱ򣬳ϵġһ϶һ˿ܣϿǻ棬ţǣ滹ʲôֶΣ
ֵڣֵˡ˵ͬһ仰ϼ龰Ŀ⺮䣬潫ƭסˣõʲô
ʣ˵꣬ҲҪԶ𣿡ϻ䣬ǱͲȱһζвʧЧͬһػȵķӣϵ䶫
ҪˣƴҲҪ㡣񱩵˵ţͷѾٴνϸоһɾ޴ײ˾֮⣬ϻһڲ֮ĸо
ûʹժġΪʱ꣬Ѿ൱˴һƷ൱ߵķܹ赲ס˲˳֮
Ҳûʩչ磬ȥٻЩͷ
ֻǽüһɨӾֱҽȥȥ
ӹͷйɢҽӣѰ·ҪҲֻҵϡͷ˵Ĵ֣ȥ
۾һֱ棬ͷһζʱһ飬ͷйŹ֣ʲôŹأţϵӣͻȻһ˼ĽǶÿȥһƣϣ
ͣ
ɫһϲɱһ˵òᣬĿƣǰһ󲽣ţҪװȥĻҾһһĥ㣡
ȻŹͷˣͣع棬滹Ǿһ˰㣬ĿѾн֮һˡ
ܿһϹϵޱȵؼ
걻ϵΪŭˣȥ׷ϣ˫һ̧ͻȻ޾ͷһֻǹ꣡
ĹͷһϾ͸оߡ˲Ʊ⣬֮صĸоʱĸоغܷڿеĳֻ˫ܡ
ͷȴ˿Ӱ죬󲽴ϿֻץϣҪϸ˺һ㡣
ͷͻɢҳһԲ


1066 ؽ
ܶ
޾ͷһƬòһ˿϶гʱϲǷɲˣӸǲƶֺ̧˫ֶޱȣڶܵӰ죬ѹȸҪϵȫѹסֱѹƳһˣ˺ѣ
ʱ򣬳Ҳײ֮ʲôֹһǧ˲ƣǰЩͷǰ⡰ġ֮޾ͷпǽ֮صĹͷ˹
ҲֶΣһ֮󣬲ûгɹֻһ֡϶Źͷˣȵڣ㻹ӵõ𣿸ղŵĹ룬һٱǧĻ㣬ҪǧУ壬ꡣ
滹ڳҽ֮УǽͷǶֱۣ˫ţɢҳһֵͼΣ֪⣬⡣
ͷԽԽϣȴص޾ѹ֮УѵųЦݣ
㻹ЦҾޣ
ŭ뿴ģǳϵЦǳϵĿޣ־ɥֻģɫֺ޶־Цݣһ˿ĸоѵڵֶβɣ
˿оղ㱻ǿѹȥܣƴһ;ĩ·ôɱ϶ǹģԣǹҲˬģ
꣬ͷ˵ֻӴĹͷֱۣץס˳ϵ߼Ҫ˺֮ʱȴоϵڣͷ̡
꾪Źͷ˶˸ҵ𶯣켴˵Ȼܶ
ͷˣڵͷôˣһͷӴͨͷ˵ֻͷֱۣڡ
أҲˣȴǺȵ֪߹ͷ̺Ŷ֪ŵģ͸̣Լ̰ɣ̣ҿ̶ʱŻᱬ
Ц֮ܽص

Ĳоϼ֣ȴᣬһ߿һáǵξѪ
ξѪѣȳÿһá޿涼Ҫ򱶣Խѿƣ˵֮ʵԽԽࡣ
ûϵͽͷ˵㣡ɨһ棬˵һ䣬û
ƭңòˣҲĵˡţͷοǣʱ񱩵ŰӣǻЩ㱻ԪҺڰˡ
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼ㲻ţͶһɡ˵ţ̧˫֣ץܵĹͷƺҲţһֵΡ
ٴδӿĹͷԽԽ࣬ķӿ
֮ˣͻطԼܹˣܹôɾôɣڶҿ񱼣СҲо䣬ͷһХЩ񱼵ޣٺܣѭСڷķ϶
С￴׷ʲôϽǰĶ֮ֻúݺ϶µģСôκε˵
޿У֮ڵһлľȫС֮
ƵڣжԽԽͷԽԽСŭ˶ôûб
ţͷſ˴죬ͷҧ
ûֻȭͷŹͷҪҧסʱһ״棬ͻŰؽϺɱ
棬Ͳܹͷͣ
ڲװˣ
СӣĵӺܲСһʵ͸Щ£ӦúԺǵڶҳԱˣǷߺ޵˵ţȴŲٵƣòƣΪڸͲǳֵʱճСӣûеܾ˵ĵز
ֻǣ治òоһֵ뽫סԽԽأ˲²⵽ǵξѪԵʣòˣܳ⡣
СӻжٵƣԾѪƵط˵ɡ
Ͽ˵ҽԶԱ
ھ֮·еİؽֱֶ̳ಿλĺ󱳣ϲҴ⣬ǰϵõ汦Ȼ֪汦ʲôƷ׵ı϶ǣ޴潫ؽ󣬿֪Ƕܡ
ɱɱһȡ


1067 ˵أ
ɱɱĲˣǰؽ
ɱɱ󣿡һߣԹȻѣ̶ʱڣͽ˶ڻһ𣬻Ϣ֮Уùͷɱֻϧŵ㣬ҲӲһˣɱô赲סѪ
䣬Ѫ䵽
ըɡɱ󡱵ĸСһһ鿪
ֻ˿˿Ѫ⣬ӣȴȻܹƣָʹ֣˦󣬷תڿУЩͷصķʽȥ
ȻҲģ㣬һ߾ȫֱɱ㣬òΪֹ˫ֶøˣɫͷ˵󣬿ɲֻꡢѣܹʱضܲ󣬲Ұ
Ȼ˲ֶΡܹͷˣͷ˱סѾǶˣǳֹͣǲڹͷ֮е꣬Ȼ˹ͷǣڣŴڣֻҪһߣͷ˿϶ɢܣԣֻͨͷ
ʱ˿̣ʣµΨһֶΣ޾ӿͬϣǱϣ
ϲµòȷʵǽ˲֮ص֮ؾж󣬳Ҳǲ֪һˣ棬Ҳ̲ôϧǣ˳ϣж϶£ˡ
һתҲùͷͬʱ󣬵Ȼϻǰ㣬罣նȥֻǽԼΧ
״̾һúӣ⣬̣ĲãֻǰЩ󣬶ǰ׷ѣ
˵ţȻǰѪͣĿޱȣɱΪɱ㣬ʵȴΪΰ۷ֲʽпÿһƬ۵󶼲ͬңǰƣȴɢǴݸһۣƽȥټЩͷֹסѪ
Ǿ̾ޱȣͷ­ȴҡΣǲһָѪǰɸƽ㣬ٴֹͣ

涢ۿȥڹͷȫȻһĹͷɢ΢΢⣬ʲôͷСӣģ
ޱȣ˫ֲûͣ£һ֮һĽͷҲڿйͷɱ϶⣬ȷʵֻ̫ˣԵֵƬ֮󣬳ϾδҲֻܴڷ֮Σա
Сӣͷģ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ҲǾȣ֮ǰȡͷֻǹһԣȴȻͣҲڲ룬ͷʲôͷȻԵסؽĿ⣬Щη塣
˵ˣҸȫʬ
ƾ𣿡
Ϊһֱȥ𣿡ֹһ۹âһʱû֮ȵ˵𣿻ܷ𣿡
˭˵һҪģ
ѵ㻹ܹ
˵أ
۾һУǸŹâ󣬿ٹϣŲܳϻʲôֶΣȽɱ˵˵δˣ۷ʵ֮ʱܻճС棬֮ɾڣҪϽµ£뿪½صѣӣָʵ
ϵٶȸǲ޾ͷУͻأسһӣǵ֪ͬȴ֪ڵȭҲ𻵲ӷֺ
һϹעһһ˫ֱסǹâȥ˵ʵϲʽ󷨣ֻһȥ
˵Уǹâʮ£ϵĹâ࣬Ŀһݣָڿգʮͷ߲ƣǧͷ˲һɱڵι
ҷն
Ͻ˽ã˲ǧӰϣǸâ󵱼ҵøɸɾǸҲӰ죡
棬Ȱ㣬ǳôʱ̣ɱȻжԶԶȻĻɱȥĻҹȻأұأ˵ñҸأ

ɢŨŨɱû˸Ҷ˵֣˵ˣȫˣҲ⣬ڣȰҵǵξѪ³
²ˡ
һߣ˫ץǧͷǷҷɣ³Ѫ
һЦһٱңֹͣתͷ˻ָɣͬʱʩչУƿͷһߣֻ棬ţ


1068 
ͣתԪҺУڰҲԹͷˣػɣ
ܻɣƹͷ˵꣬һʱ俴Զѭһߵĳϣһ·ϸ𺳣Źͷϣ¶˾µ飬ĺ룬һƽϸĳмйͷ֮ޣԱ֮𣻿ǣʹһֶΣ˼ҿ˵ģһȥΪмĲСӣԼڲɾͻʣһġˣȥǾʲôûС
ңҪǣʹ
ƻһ䣬궢ųϣɴȵ꣬һɱòͷɱңǿ϶вģɱСӣɱԣΪҶСӵĺޣɽѣա
˵ĻҲţǹµˡ
ϵʱͻͷ棬ĽƣҪǲȫʹ棬ͻǰˣ͸ˣΪ˶û£֮ǰУͻһơ
ã˵ˣһɱ˵˾֮£룬ֻϲųһһ
ĻشȴЩɻͬʱӶһһȥһһԽһǧӿ룬£Щ㻯ɻҽ֮ǰץĹǷѪûв¡
ʱһȣֻĹѸǶ۵ĺ£ʱò֮˲
ϧѾˣ汻ķɵһȥˡ
ϿȻ򣬡ԭƭƭ˲涼ƭˡϲٺˣߵǰ棬ǰͷؽԿţͬʱϸڼӿٶȡתղ汻ķɣϿ֮·Ǵ˺ü
꣬㡭
ŭ𣬸оԾȴ˵治Сӣ治ɱˣٺͬھ˵ţҪһ¡
֮ǰ汻һֲˣ׼һԶȥҪԶһ㣬űȽϱա
䶨㷢ֳϾڲԶҲǺܿ쵽ǰ۾ڵľƣʵڲȻ󡯶ҵԼѾСʵںĲʱ䡭
һ˳ǰ˵Ƿ⣬һõ𣬷ŵ£¾ȥС档
£׼ջذؽϸϽʹһͷ˰ؽĺ棬ȵʲô
㲻ǿ𣿡
ڱң
½ҷߣ
ôĿؽϹģͷܵסġ˵꣬ؽȻ𣬻һ˼ĻȣصߣһЦȴûؽʧţϹ
ֲ󣬵סͷ˵ĽŲǰؽΪģ֮ǰ׼ԸϵĹǷۺѪؽٳһȻȥ
𡪡
ˣֻʣ¡ġùͷ󣬸͵סٿҲȥͷҪɢһ㡣
ҲߵģǶҪҪţϸоһ֮صı׳˲佫ʣµ߸ȫȡ˳һģʷȦɽ긲ȫͬоˣͷ֮ĲƲӣȫ
ʱȵ
䣡
һֱ֮ͷըˣ걬ˣʣµġҲըˣеһУը˿
ը֮󣬾طֶεĳϣҲ³Ѫû󱬵ܣֻϽżӿ졶ƵĽ̡
Ҳˣ˶ʵõ˵㲻ʲôɴʱȴ㣬ͬʱǹΣյĸоԽԽŨ治ٵ飬˶ȥУȵСӣҿܲ򵥣Ժǻ棬ٴμ֮ʱҶὫ֮裬ٱ
ߣ
ǹճЦСڣסˣҪһ
СڣǰǸֶ𣿡
ȥ㿴һֻӣģب·ǰ
ӣ
Сץȥ


1069 ġڶ
治һСȥ۰ȴ󷨵֣ץСڣΪظоСڵĲ뽫£Լĳ
ӣԵ߰ɣźûʲôϣ¶ЦݣֻЦݣȿ޻Ҫѿʮ
СڲԶ֮ʱͻȻص߳ӣȫ˶ӣԵ̸ûԵ
һ㶣
켴ϲ
ȻԵޣޡţ˷ܲѣճСӣֻޣȡһϢɡֶСڣ˵ǱԵģ˵ԵһԵûҲУ
ȫϸ˷ܵȫûע⵽˵ޡʱС鲻Խ¶һ˿м֮ץ£Сſ죡
̣
һڣе󷨡
ʧȣȻ󷨶̣ҵ󷨣Ͳ𣿡˵꣬һ䣬˵û뵽ˣղŴ⣬һҲˡϽҪ󷨣ǰ󷨣Ѿ϶ֻ뿪ͼڴ½
˵꣬ûеڶˡ
һ䣬Сڵڶ̵̣ұۣһҽУףһأұʧȥˣһֱۡ
иǽ켴¶һĨݣֻҪֻӣһУֵõģǰؽɵ󷨣Сڳȥ滹ȵ㲻Ҫ̸ҿ
̣̣̾ǲ̫ûأ
ŻСһֻƣǰؽٴ¶Цݣ޹Ȼǿ󣬵ޣؽҲҪˣֻҪһˣ֮ʱ
ͻأСڵֻϣųɫâ
ʲôâΪʲôҿʲô֮Уɫâ֮УСڵֻצһǰؽ
צһģʱ飬ؽתɣֱֻһ˿˿Ѫ죬ٶޱȣ˫һһҪʹؽɱȥһʹŷ֣ʹˣؽϣѾɢˣûˡ
һ֮䣬ؽ͸⣬ʱõ£ץһֻ޼ӣȴԼķƼӾ磬޵һģôôҪ۷ʵڣղֻӾܡ
ͻأǹ˿Ƶĸоǿӿһݣ֪Լƣٲ뿪ľҪˡ
ϣͷ֮ȫ䣬һԲȻ֣ͬһʱ䣬³һšġ֮˲һġġӰĵġġɶȥ
ܣ˵ˣڻûأСſһ̣˻Բ󣬽ţε׷棬⻰۲㲻ܿƵص䣬Զˣˣ
·Ѿϥ£һֻ֣һ֣ܳɹ
УġתСɱɫâצһģһȥȴûùֱӱĵùͷɢܣʹ֣ںܺڣҪǲȥӾͺˣһһģָǰҪ໨屶ʱ䣡
СҪ֮ʣмġġ֣һȦâУ˲ϣġתɺڶģСҪ׷ȴСڣҪ׷ˣߡ
˵ţأֻҪʹһѾͺˣ
Ȧ֮Уһ޺һᱨճСӣǳˣȻټţ㲻ǣƾֻӣ뿪½Ҳֻʱ⣻㲻뿪˺֮һ½һ½ңһҵ㣬Ѻ޾У
꣬ѾﵽǿšġȻһԺһӡǣǻŰؽ죬һĿ𡭡
棬¶Цݣڳɹˣǰ򵥵Ĺ
Сڻصϻ̧ͷ죬ġγɵĺڶԺģڶڶܿʧˣĿԽԽԶޡ
۾ţԺĺڶûʧڸǺڶ֮⡣
κ󣬳ջĿ⣬˵ǵģǿ϶ģټʱ
һЦ


1070 ȥǾͻɣ
󡱻ˣˣ˷ˣ֮أڲˡ
ߵͷáס棬ǣȴˣϲδģ飬رǹ֮£кܴİտ϶ֻҪʮ½˵ͬһ½ͱضܡơ
²Ƿȷֻ֤ܺҪϻص½޿桢ϵȵһɱáסķӦһˡ
ʵҲϣ֪½ȻϺȥǣζֵ֣ܿǺȾƣǣܻأܸǴȥѡ
ΪǡƣϹ˽ǧ꣬ˣѾֻһ֮ңԼȻѾ˾ţ֮ųɹϸоֻҪһʵڣԼɹһпȻСڻûмڣϹ˭֪᲻ʲôֶˡԼϻôܡ
ۿȥһ죬ҲʵӣơƣҲضѣ
ȥǡġηգʲôȥţȴԾȭͷƥתȫ
һε֮أǲ棬ϵõĺôҲˣ汦ļֵԲ˵ϸǴѧһ󷨣
Уˣ
УǺڶȭһιۿȥʱĺڶĺڶȭܽһ¥
һУȲϳϴõϢʲôռ䴩ʲôͽ״½һ࣬гɴ˶뿪ȥģؽ֮ȵȡ
һ˲֮أѾֵˡ
Լ˼·ſܣܾǱСһХǿޣӷԲǿ֮УȴſͷĲľ֮࣬Ա޶öࡣ
ҪôҪôȥ
϶Щľ˵һ˺ϱĴͻ˳һҡ֮󣬻Σȴǰսϵˣֻڵǰʱǿ˺ö࣬ȵϵõıǾſɫƣ㻳еӳ֮һ壬峤㲻𣡡
ҲʸҲ
ҵȻʸ񣡡˰ȻһαɣӸµظų˵һս϶ˣȻϿûʲô棬Ѿˣ֮µ㣬ӵóȥһ壬Ѿ½ֲͼڣⲻ֮أɱõһɱһԣȰ㣬ԹԽܾĥ
Ǻôֱʡ
һЦռ䱻Ӳ֮طŻȥ峤Ϣ峤һڳϱ̶벶ȸں֮ƣǰֲ棬Ͽ϶бЩض峤ʢ˥ҵҩĺɫƣȻ˵ͳǣٳҲȥһ죬ǳҩ֮󣬿ɾųˣҲǿܹһ塣
Уڱصã
Ͻһȣȴɭֵ룬峤һڳ֮
ԭ峤볤ҪվǰģǿСڵĺ֮Щ壬˻룬ǰ档
ʱ˿̣峤ȭͷ˵ţһɹġ峤󣬻һȺˣȴǷ˴˵һ˵ȡ
һ֮ջĿ⣬˵ľҪȥ
ߣͷ˻ҪӲȻ㲻ǾԼˡ˵ţһ֣ٸˣһЩŵü޵Ļݣųϱȥ·ٲסޣ켴޸Ӳ˺ѣЩҲѪڣһһ̣㽫޸ˡ
ǴšɱӺĿģڣ㻹Ӳ𣿡и˵꣬㿴˳ǵһ˿ģЦƲһ֪Ʋĺʲôˣǰĳ𣬽Ҳһӱ㡣
ǰȥ˵ȻǲȥǾͻɣе嶼ˣҾ֮һ壬ͼڴ½Ӵ֮ͼڴ½壡
ܵҲû˿ɱԣпЦˣ
һ˲䣬ЦȻֹ


1071 壬
ĿɿڴˣԾһڿˮ
Ȼ󣬰ԼǺˡ
еҰ˻һƣǻһ£
콵𣿡
ɵɵֱ𾪳һľż
ϱУȻ̤ȥЩȻΪ
бСڣЩޣǶĴҲǿ־ǳǣǷЩղǡ
ǡʱǵԺһ𣬡ߣңǱ㲻ᱻգ޵Ժһ棬ȴ
£ޱ㲻ͣԺеġáӡһ˿¾ͱˡ
ڸղŴ뻨ϣɵأٻӰӻҽУȴȻӲĽ֣
лعٷſԣת񱼣ôܵùӵù
һŻ棬ࡣ
дѾͼˣͼʥҲԶˣղҵģղˡδ˵꣬õһЩôУͱ洩͸ˣپˣ
֮źݺûõ峤棬ɫ䣬һڣ
峤ڡ
ᣬͼһˣס棡
ǣ
˷ȥʮ֮ǱͬļվãȻʼһÿòָճֱʮɳЩӵĶȫ뿿£ȥγһݡ
峤֮ݲãŰҧ˵Щ˹죬ѵ˵ǸŪģ峤϶һߣлôһû뵽һֶΣǲ棬ˣ峤Ҫֶ֧೤ʱĻ棬Ȼһ꣬Ҳ͵ˡ
壡
£峤Ϊܹס֮ݣٳһ󶴣һŻм䣬峤󾪣æԼеΪڳϹֵͬ
֮ݣǸ涴Ϊģ˷տȥֻһ˲֮䣬֮ݾͻΪҽһҴ棬ȫڻ𺣡
峤ŭˣǷˣΪڳϣиͼ峤ҲסЩ棬Ȼǵסģϵ֮ڵĺʲôĴڣ峤ԴҲ벻ģУ˲ٰ˼ʻ𣬺ʵǽһֻǣϻûн˼ʻɾˡ󡱣˼ʻīʯҲ֮ըˡ
ҪȻܴһ
ôͷųĻ棬Ѿ峤һ˱Ƶ֮峤ֻ֮ʣͻؿ˴˵ˣ£˴˵Ҫٲס֣ұɱ
峤ôһ𣬺ˣҲϽþȫźͬĻ峤ûзӦϻȻ޾£ϵƤѿ챻ս֮ˣͬʱһ
ǱߣСѾޣֻҪ󣬾ͲᱻգȻָָ˷ȫȥ壬Щ£ҪߡȥĳϣһȺ˴˵ˣͬһһء˵꣬أһ¡
ʱ峤׼ͬʱȳڶ͵ؿϱСǰɷ㶣˲񣬶ݵؽ˴˵ЮȵߣȻɱ
ҡҡͷ˵̰治һǿ£뵽ģǱ
˴˵ųϣ¶˸м֮飬˴˵һ˵ʵͼڴ½˵ǿԾ壬ǲ˲٣Ҳ˵
ǷƸǺңֻҪңұ
Ͽŷƣչֳһ棬Ц㲻Ļҵ˳㡣

ŵôʵ벻ףƾľգôӲݽ棬۾һ˿ⶼûУȫû£벻׹벻ףʱΪ˻ѹǹΪŮȴǰ˵ĲԹޣ˵ãֻҪңʲôС
û˵𣿸ϽȻҪˡ
峤ڿ𣬳ϵ˵ϵĶһ½ǣҲȾָģ䣡
峤һ˵ֱ۱ȫˣһ֣γ˴˵һ˱㱻ϰȻȳ˵Щһߣƽȥ
˵꣬ϱ㽫͵м䣡
ϻȻ䣬˳־˵ĳϣҪ̤ȥͻأ޴Ǹľӵʯ壬Ȼˣҷȱʧǿʯˡ


1072 
ˣҷȱʧǿʯˡ
𣬳ϲɾϲһȱʧǿʯ壬ǱУ޵Ĳǿ̬ȣȴϣˡ
֮٣ȴջ񡣡Ц˵Ȼ귢ˣȻҪȡˣ˵ǿʯ̺ͼڴ½ʲôܣǻؼҵ·أٻʲôϹ֮ࣻҪǴˣǿҪǴ
ʵ
æ˵ǰǸ˵
峤ô֪ģ뵽һҪ⣬ʵصô¶Ҳǣڽʯʯȱһǿҵĸоܹڽ϶̵ľڸо
ԭˣֲǳôҲûҵ
뵽˺ɫơ
ʱ峤һ˻ûӦôԻȡͱסûأ峤ųϣ鲻Խӿη֮飬ȥӣвһ
û꣬峤㿴ֻعͷӳ֮£˻ס峤ѿ˵㡭ҪʲôҸ㣬ҪǰұƼˣҾͺͬھ峤ûһ
ЦͬھкʱҽƼأ
Ҫ
ָһ·ߣ
·ʲô˼峤û˿ϲֻɻ޾ɻ󣬡·ʲô
һ
峤˫۶ʱ侫⣬ֱ۶ʹҲûио˵ҵԴ峤֮ô˵ΪԱˣ֮ʱô˵ġ
Լˣ峤˵Ļ
㶣Σ˵ûԴܻ𣿡
峤оƺҡҡͷ˵ܡ
ⲻ͵ˡȡʯ壬Ӧʯȱʧĵһɣ
峤۾͵һ¾ˣǹɳõĿһӿȫ峤ʧķغ콫ĶңȻˡ
һ㡱ֻû˵óڣ峤ָǰ˿ɲˣģͬʱҲ֪ԼǿʯҲסˣ峤벻׵ǣô֪ʯҵ
𣿡
峤һҧ˵ûС
ֻɱ㣬úһˡ
峤һҪֵӣ˵ҵʯǱҪһһҾ͸㡣
ʯֻܻ
ҲӦأ
ҵĲáϱ峤ȫɱͺֻܲȥƽϣǰ峤ȴΪԼһôƵġ
ҪҾͰˣŴȡǾҵģҲ峤˵ޱȣŷǳ
ϲ˵ˣһΣָצֱץ峤ұţʱѪϵжһöסʯ壬һʯǰ
峤ɵˣˣô֪ҽʯؿڵѪ棿峤Խǲ֪ı¡
Ͻʯ尲ģʯ϶Ϊһͼֳ굱ˬٴαסʱ̣˵ˣ֪Щ·ͨδˡ
ٴθ˳һ⣬˵ãһ󹦣Ժһӡ
ллˣһ˾ϹᣡϽģͬʱԼǧҪڵ֮£Ρ
ûȥ峤ֱ̤ȥ棬һɻеˡ
飡
һŻǣ峤񣬶پԼ磬һƬڰڸ˺ڣڸղûдӦóʯ壬ܱһȴΪ̰˸˱ա
峤Ϊ˱ȫȴΪ˼ǿʯһȫ壬ȴҪһƬ֮С

峤뵽ЩѪء
һߣ˴˵ͷһ˵ȣ֮УǿĵȻǵͼڶǿ󣬵ǣǵʵԶԶͼڶһߵޣȴҪĴڣǿЩ۾¶ȫϵĿ⣬и𾪡
ţ˴˵ԳϸŷˣޱԼѡ
ͬʱϴСڣʯָطȥ
Уƿնȥ֮ʱͼڴ½һ֮أü˵ȥ֮ؿ׳ʲôǸǿ
ǡ


1073 ɳ֮ʧ
Ϧбմǽ㡣
ԶԶȥֱΪһƬĽɫ
ʵϣһƬɳĮݲɳĮɳϦ£ƽһĴڣ
һŰ壬һֻӣһӰϣƬɳĮϿշţʣǳһУƬɳĮ֮ǵٶȱ
ľʯʯ֮󣬱ȱʧһ˵ڤڤӦڸ˵ʱ򣬾뵽˺ɫơ
Ϊֹռ˾ſɫƣǣɫһжٿ飬ϲֻ֪ãɫƣǴ½ͼڴ½ô򵥣УɫƵ̲ʲôܣϻǲֻ֪˵˼˵˵ţʲô󱦲أʲôϵҩʲôʲôĴ½
ϻϣȡɫƣżĻУԴܸܲоƵĴڣȻóʧǣͽȥ
ͷȻų棬ɵܽȥһ°ɫȴȫų꣬һ˿һĶ첻ȥ
ɫƣȹͷأţָϽ˵ˣģȫָһܹȥɫƣôܵסΪ˾ϹĽŲ
ջͷޱ޼ʵɳĮֻؿޱȣоһɴǸ̾ڴȻĹ񹤣ĺɳĮ֪Ҫﵽʲô磬ʩչ
ţ𣬡ˣʯͼʾͿҪƬɳ֮ˣȻٸɳ֮ӶλǾܹﵽʯָ֮ء
ϵͷȴûôֹۣʯ岻֪ڶˣ˵һǸϹҪǧ֪ɳĮ˱仯׺ɣı仯
Ȼʱ֮ľӵʯɳĮȥ˵԰ʯͼʾһһƬޣأ
СڱĹȥһֱʯķɳȥٸת˵㲻˵ﻹɳ֮ǶǱ޾ɳĮˣȥûǱӣ֪𣿡
귭ٸת˵СӢôѵСǰֱСһηڳϣηСڣη壬ȫĥġ
ȥ
ǣС㡣
һʯ׹ȥӺֳڳǰ˵С㣬ûзְӣ滹ɳӣȫɳӣһʪĴڶûС
Ǳ˶ף
ǧף
Ǳǧȥһ¡
ǧףţСЦ˵㲻ԸⰡ
Ը⣬Ը⣬ȻԸ⡣
ϽӦٴǱεʱϾãһӺðشȻûУ˵ǵһˡ
ˣﾡɳĮȥҰ˵ɳĮﻹ棿
֮úúõģ޾ɳĮȻҲ棬ңѾˣʱôʣôʡ
˵һܣ㿴һǧ״һˮ˵ɳĮ˳˷ӿ˵ˣȥǽˡ
ɡ
ϴ޴꼫䲻ԸȴҲò޴󣬳ֽСڱ˻У
ɳĮ˳൱죬ϢĹɳĮ˳ͣʮ֮࣬ɳĮ˳ȻûɳǿУһŸŵɳûС
ңӴɳĮ˳ǧģʮŸˣ棬ÿһĸˣʮŸ˵£һɫޣ֩룬ȴǱȴҪһ⣬ʮֻ֩оֻţ߸ֻţͷм仹һֻţʮֻۣ֩׹ⶢųϡ
ʮŸɳĮ֮ˣҲǲ֮ȴоЩԾΪǰ̫ˣǰľУǿûһǻڰ׵ʱ򣬱Χ֮˾ɪɪˣҪǵǳ嵽ʮ֮࣬붼ᱻŵõڵϣʲôѪƵ֮ģʲôС
ȴΨûУû򶨣
ôԶŶ֣ҲǹΪǵġϿ˵˻һʮ˽ԾмǸͷ֩һͼӣȵʲôʱǵģ
ʲôʱҵģ
һʣ֩ɫڸ䣬һʼ֪ˣȳϻش֩ߵһ˱ϴ󣬺ʲôôǿʮŸˣֻһˣֻҪеĶǾԶѭȥ˭סǲɣ
٣
ҡҡͷ


1074 
ɽɽкɳĮȻɳ
ҡͷ˵ˡ١֣ղǸӵˣȵ٣ƬɳĮʮɷѪ֩
˵תȵҡʲôͷ
ʮɷѪ֩ɳУ
ǵȻʶģϽ㻳ֻɵӽǿʯ壬еĶǿԸһȫʬɳȻ˵ԺͲܷɷʮɷѪ֩ϴ۾ǽţüͷҲţûɢȥûֹµſ
ʵɳУŵڼ
ھţôʮɷѪ֩ɣ
ɳ˵꣬СֱЦ˳˺һֻӣЦӣӰ㡭˵ţͻشµľŽɷѪ֩Ϸȥ
ߣû¶ɡ
ϴæҲһٴеӣһԾھŽɷѪ֩ϣصϴģû¶ղֻǲСġ
飡
ֹȥ˵ϣʮɷѪ֩ˣ붢ߣ۾ӿһ˿ң߸Ͻ˵ϴû¶ҡ
飡
ҵˣϴĿ⣬ųϣҿ϶ߵˤǰ˵ĽһżȻҲżȻ²ôܻżȻɳͷӲ֪ǳϵֶΣȴСģɳϴ˵ʲôˣ
ϴ̽һ֣̽Ϊ˵ʮɷѪ֩ݺɳĮЩȻǲõģҪȻǵͲǵھţǵһˡ
ɳĮϵ˶뵽нɳʮҲȫ뵽ұ㲻ǣϵ˵
ʮɷѪ֩ôһ˵߰˸˹Цһ˵̫ЦˣҪʮɷѪ֩ҲȥʮɷѪ֩ô˭ʲôʮɷѪֻ֩һǾȫңȫ壬壡
顭
һ죬ߣһŸˤ˵ϣЩˣȫǸղſЦ˵ˣ
һأɵҲףߵӲˣǰΧŵˣǣɳͷӵ۾˸ɱɳģͶһȺ֮ͽ׼֮ɲᱻֶθˣҪǾˣҲͲھŵʮɷѪ֩ˣ˵ֻӡǿʯ壬϶Ǽֵƣ
ҪĻֻǵȷҪ
˵Ļܿ񣬲֪ʵûô񣡡ɳͷ˵СڲˣǾ˵԰ȫվھŽɷѪ֩뱳ϡ
ɷѪأ
ɳͷһ֮£ʮҧָͷѪھŽɷѪ֩ͷϣŽɷѪ֩³صѪ˿֯䣻ʮֻŽɷѪ֩³Ѫ˿֮˲ͳɳĮղǲɳĮ֮ٴӿųǵض
ɳĮ£ʮֻŽɷѪ֩뻹̧ͷмֻţϴȥʮɳҲȥһֵƣϡ
ܿ죬ʮ˾ͷ˲Ծ
ǾŽɷѪ֩ĵھŽţ̲ɳأҲǳ岻ȥɳͷӸϽˣ
ǣʮַ֣ǵӣͶˣǱɳĮ档
־ʮŸ˵ӿ˵ɳҲܳõشɳĮ氡ǶϣǸ˻ᱻ˿Ѫǧ飬ϣɳĮ֮һ˽
Ӻ󣬵ʮɳҪֲ֧סʱͻȻֿԶˣʱһȻ󿴵ɳĮ֮ûˣ˿ѪҲʧˣ·Ͳڡ

ϴһʮ˿ˣѾóǿɱУȴ˼ƵĶ֪ʮ˿ɸתǱ㿴һǽ·¶֮ߣȵþŽɷѪ֩뱾ܵؿ־ˣȻҲһ»ǽ
ǰл𣬺л𣬷ɲȥ벻˵أʮɷѪ֩˾أܲ˻£ѾڲҺˣɳͷӸϽ󺰵ˣҪʲôǾʲôǴӦˡ
ֹϢѾѪ󣬳˻һֻӳʮſŵҩֱȥſģǱģҩ룬˲们Ƕ
ǸղŷģǾ綾ҩŸʱûнҩĻǱḯö
ˣһȥ룬ǣЩҪߵɲǵĻһɳͷûȥ֤٣ΪŶģϾǿ󣬷滨
ԣ棬˵ǾɢϢ˵бʲôһͼսʲôһ뵽ģȫ˵ȥ
ǣˡ
ɳͷӴ¼ȥˣǿֻоŸʱʱ䣬ȴͷųһɫâֱʣƬɳĮ


1075 Ѳ֮
ɫâ
Ϊʲôɫâѵб
ǵģҪȥǾˣҪбĻǿɾʹˡ

סƬɳĮеˣǵɫâ뷨󣬱ɫâմɱȥ
Ժ󲻾ãƬɳĮ贫һϢ֮ǰɫâĵطбʲôһ߸пһͼս
ֱﴫ˵˷ȥתۼϯƬɳĮЩŵˣɫâһ֤Ҳòˣ˷ӿȥ
ɳۼǧֵܣٶȳɫâɳĮһĶɳɳ˵
ǸһҪõֻ֣Ҫһ˵Ҿܹͻͼ飬ߵľ硣ӥצ˵
һͼսҪǱȡãɳͽɳĮһˣʲôɳʲôӥצƨھŵĮǰ˫˵

ɳĮеĴСȫҹƬɳĮųϵĵˡ
ʮɷѪ֩ɳĮȥЩɳĮлã֪ʶḻԨˡ
ˣɳĮУȣǱɳХһУԳ˵㲻ʲôɳӣϻԶʱԶ·ˡ
ɳĮеǳطҪö࣬ǳ˸ҹܹ˵޾˼Ͻװŵһһ˯СڣҺûСңҪȻҿǹ¼ҹˡ
켴С֪СûлС֥ɺӦûôģ˵СҲǱȥĳ½
֮󣬳ѹе˼ɳϣеǳŲ֮ЩǳˣôǳȴǳͼҪ˽ϸߵľϣǿ£̫塭
ſţϵ۾ͻһ췱߿󣬳һ飬۾ǳֻ߸ǳ
һǶһʱ
һʱ󣬳ϲſΧǳԺиŸֳǰѪɵ
ϴӴָｫƤȡ˳Ƥ󣬳ϻǽⲻ͸ѧһ󷨣ƤȻһİĸо
Ͽ͸«ưϻܹġ
ɳû󣬶ǶƤ˰ʱĹ򣬳ϽƤϵǳһһӦ
ȻϻץɳӣƤβ˵ܲɳȻҲֻܳʲʺϴ󣬻вС⣬ȻҪ֮˵ʵͺñͬһʽƽ似ʿʩչǾԲһЧ
ϱΪŲףȴûϵһɳȭͷСɳʯ󣬽ӦϵǣȭͷСɳʯˣѳɳӣûˣΪޡ
С
ϵһ⾿ʲô󣿻ֻǲδɣȻˡϲһԷˣץɳӣһػתԪҺԪҺɳ۳ɣɵʯ飡
ʯ飬ƷĴڡ
ˣЩʯҲֵֻ岽ͱѿͬǻ޾أ
ҾͲˡ
ɳʯһΣǳʮɵľʯ
߲ʯȻը
üͷԽ沼ԽѣԲϵҪԽߣ˲Ϣ󣬳ϵ˫۱ˣԽѲǾ˵Խ
ȻɳʯУǾɡ
һ£˸ɳĮ֮Уһε˳ޱȣϽ˰˲Ӧ˰˿ǣǣϸоһεѹѹô󣬱ѹҲ޼
֪Ȼǿ󣬿ϧֻа˸ʣµʲôϽǰģӺַĴڡ
ھŲ
ϲµھŲӦµھſǣһδ٣ȴֱӡۡһ³һѪϵ۾Ҳ𾪣ʱоѹѾѹ⵽ʲô󣿱һҪʵȻھŲѪǽʲô
汦ӣûлŲȥ󣬿ɲܲģϿڡеĶ򣬹ۿһ´


1076 ңҾ
ϡۡ󣬹۵ȻƤϵĲ󣬶ǿգƤӦǳ֮
֮ǰһûʲôоҲûзʲô֮ɴ˿̣ҪЩǳۡԺʱŷôļѣ޾ʹͲһ𡰹ۡ·һεϽϵġۿͬʱģʹ
Ŵ֮£ˡ
ֻʱ䣬Ϸ֣벼һ㣬һһŵȥۿ
աۿһţʹ
ʹϻڲ֪ߵغ񣬽̫âʱЩƣȴ֮ǧǧ򱶣
һɲ֪ܣֱĻꡢʶȵȣÿһǳۡԺܵܶҪһ̨ף
϶ԼݣסʹһӦİ˿ǳһ𡰹ۿԺʱĸоͶ
ھſţ
ѪҪƺȴƴ˻ȥתԪҺעȫǿнۡµʮǣ
ۡ
ŸﴫҪľʹǿѾȥѪֱ罦ڿգ𾪣ʹľ磬ӵʵ֮ϣ
һۡôܵ˺
һת뵽ĶʮɾʯữޣЩ׹
ѪգѪȴڲסϵۣ
ϡۡʮţ
飡
ƽһըڳԺʱظоǺòײŻָ׵粣һѺۣѺҪնǧΣ켴ȥһ㡣
Ѻ۵ģ鲼ڳÿһʱҵһͿɾ
ǳϴδ飡
ûһ˵ǿǹǳ£ֽ
ľǣǵʮǣƤӦǳҲʮſţӦٿǣǾ춼֪ˡ
滹ôǣȥۡ
ԴˣȻû˵ֻǵԼ״̬ȫ޸Ÿ˺۵ӣĿ磬ɫ磬ǳϣҲǴ䣬ܷ֮Կ
ϲ֪Ҫȥԣ
ۣۡʮһǳ
ûը𣬵ϵĶȴһֱѣǳڽһ㣬Ҳ˼ܣɵĵھŲɱ֮ʲôǣԳڵʵϡɵɱǺӰ죬ȴҪѳǧ顭
СڿǺǧ䶯⣬ǿеѪоܵʹ࣬һХֱǳ֮⣬ʮɫâ۶ʮɫâΧ֮Уʮצ߳޼
ʱʧɫֻʣʮɫâ
ǳ֮⣬˶أܾɢ糹ռϷ磻֮УʮһǾͬʱһ£˸оЩƣ
ʮһųɹۿԺ
һСڵǿȴûнС֮롱ȥϻСڣ
Ǻôӣܵʹ࣬ҲŹǵģ

һͣΪ쭺ͷޱ֮ŮƺʤСڣЩǳܶдô
ģ
ôƭأԱΪһУֻҪҵûΣգͲҪ֡

Сջʮɫâֱ䵽֮ſڳǰųϣʱ׼š
ȷЩǳܶԳдã
ʹĳϣԺŵģֻ֣
ɽ׳Ѿһ磬Ѱ֮˲˳ϣϴʹûʹԱ˵Ǻ£ɶԳ˵ûʹζܼǿȥǳģΪΪǳϵĸ
˺ܾãһֱûҵĺð취˿ãǳܿ˵ѺۣңҾ
Ȼʮһǣͬʱǿӣڵʮǵλãȡͷǿӣžʹһͷڵʮһλϡ
ŵͬʱֵǹ׼Ӧʮһǵʹ֮󣬡ۿʮǣ׽ˮס¹ܵĴڣ֪ǳܣֻ
ʮɫâ˸һ̣Ǵ£ҹϮĸȫˣһζ۾ʧѪԵˣ㲻֪ж١
ǣЩûдǵ̰֮ģǼţбд󱦱ҪȻô˴
ˣøˣ


1077 ֪
ƤӦĵʮһǳǱСڸסˣɫ磬ǳǿ壬ھŸʱġۿӦˡϰ˵ʮһǳľʹ
ǴĿĵѺۣӾ£ۿɼٶȣţָţҳϻظоʱʹ࣬ɽǢȣˡ
֮ӦģЩȳǳܵȴǻָüţжҪȫʱŻָʮס
𾪵طָ֣ʮƱǳ֮ţǳõܸһ
Ϸ˼ۿʮǳΪˣǳɢˣֻǽʮһǳεԿԺң滹һǿҵĳ嶯ǰڲ¾һԪҺ水ʮһǳ¡
סˣҷ𡢻޵ľʯɾǰʮһǳ뵥ĵʮһǳܾԲһ㣬ͬõ뽫ѹһɹɵЧпһ죬һڵء
ٵȵȣȶǳһԣ
ۣΧѾǧˣǰʮɷѪ֩ڵϣǲ£ǲò£Ҳ£¶ھҲȫѪڸãԽԽأٶԽԽ죬ȻѪ⵽ͷſߣһ侲ǳϴ󣬶ںţˣȾǰɣģǶˣˡ
ΧȺ֮Уӥצüͷ˵ʮɷѪ֩Ҳ׺֮ȴûй˹ˣǸˣ˭
ӥצͬʵģкܶˣ綾ɳĮǰȵȣü۾̰֮⣬ȴǴδɢԽԽϰڳǰ˸ӡͷСڣ۾ⷢԴȪ
Ͻעʮϣת֮ʮ˱㿴ϵѪֹͣ˸ãܿµѪ⣬ʮ˴δ飬ȫɵˣʮɷѪ֩ϴ˵ţѪ
ƬɳĮ˲𣿡
ʮ˲κһƴǣϽվܿȥ֮ʮֹ˵ˣǰʮĴˡ
ʮɷѪ֩˵ѾкܶǰȵȣʮɷѪ֩ϽһȥȻƬɳĮûʮ˵Ĵڡ
ɷѪ֩ϴ۾һת룬ֻҪʮɷѪ֩һڣǾͱͨĻû˵꣬㱻ϴˣ˵ǰϷҪĻ뿪ɡ
ǣˡɷѪ֩ϴ£ȥһ֣Ҳûǧ֮ͣˣʵϴô𣿡
ߣǾ￴ţܾ֮ЩȫǵˡɷѪ֩ϴ۾Ҳųâ
ߣһѾкýǰЩɳͼһǵĴڣɳʲôͼĶУһʩչɷ硣
Ȼ򣬳һ֣γһ˾ȫ˻ȥ𾪣ȫϵ˵ǽеһ£˭ܻشұл
ʲô£Ӧ˵
˭֪һƬޣһɳ֮ӣȥˣ
ϸ˵꣬йؿЦȻ𣬶ɳһ˵Ҷ˼ʮˣû˵ޣʲôɳ֮ӣֻ˵б
һƬЦУһͻأ𣬡֪֪
ϵĿ⣬˲䶢ס˵֮ˣֻһɳĮһˣǰȥ˾ɳ۾âĮǰģѵޣɳ֮ӣԣĮǰı
ɳĮǿţҲ̵ţͻظоԾͷһѾ˿УûӦѾˤ˳ǰʵ֪
ҡҡ˾ղŵ£о˵ˣֻعͷĮǰһۣҧ˵֪ȽЩңҾ͸㡣
ҪЩӣ
˵ͷѡ
Цȥðɡ
Ļشֱɵˣû뵽Ȼ˳̰ʹ֮£Ͻǰȥûӣǿ汦ȥ
ӣһͲǷӴȥҾܵĮǰĸʱҪʲôŮˣʲôŮˣ롭
Ժţ˿˳ϻδȥȻֻáۡһûˣʲôûˣʧǰ
۾Ȼ


1078 죿ɳĮ
Ƥ󣬶Ӧʮſǳ
ֻʮһǳνǲеĲӦòʲôڣȴϣʮһǳ󣬾
ңѾǳ֮ҹûǳԣǶʷףгӺӴ
Ҫʲôľ󣬲Żܣ
סеĿϲᶨҲҪȫ󣬲ȫ
Ǹʧˣû·ѳûѪɣɸɾʧˣ·½ϣûйܵˣһμʧ
Įǰ۾ԹǸɳȥģ֪ޡɳ֮ʲô־͸֪ˣ˵֪Ȼıһϵеĺ֣ȴûԤϵǸ£ôûˣޱȣĺҲȫˡ
˭֪ģ
û˸ҿЦҲû˸˵֪һ磬һʧѾڳˣȫסˣžȺ֮Уһ˫۾ȴɢ
ɳ˳ȥɳɳһ˵磬⡭
ʲô⣿ȥȥֻҪ߽ȥվԶӻٵ߻ٵκһǸûˣʱ㻹Ҫʲôʲô
Ӣ
ɳάһ䣬ˣŶɳβЫȥϱЩ˷ʱ䣬ȴ뿴ֻʮһ󣬾ܷӳʲôǺ
Ҳ֪Щ˵֪ɳ֮ӵĴڣҪģǿǵ᲻ʲôأʲô˵֮ࡣ
תۼ䣬ɳ˵ǰûйϾ͸ߴ󵽼ǹǿͷǿһͷʲôá
˶ʩչͼսټֻɳβЫǿβ̣ǿͷȥƼΪƴ˲乥Ȼ󣬾ǰǸһʧˣӴҲûˡ
𣿡
𾪼ϲͬʱȴɵˣȻûˣǿûֹÿɳȥ̽ȥƻǲ
йĽʶʧ
ڳ۴Сȥ̽ˣֻһûжһ࣬ʮˣһɫŮˣȫһϮɫ·ҲǺƻȼյɳƬɳĮ֮УΪۣһ۵ķ羰
ڶûһȥ羰ǵĿ⣬ǴĶĴϣ˳ϣϿǰλŮӣȫ֮۵ס
ֻӻӣͷӡȫս˴ָСڣһ̤ȥӰһ֮󣬳ϱŮǰ

ŮһУʵ̫ͻȻŮӺܿͻָ򾲣ĶʮŮӣȫǰһֱųϣгҪŮӲ֮£Ǳ㽫ƴ
֪ޣ֪ɳ֮ӣ
ϵһѹֻǰչֳֶΣѾȫסˣܳᣬȻһִĸоʮ˸鲻ֻΪ׵ĺŮӣֱֱųϣһ˫ȭͷյýΪĳԥ
Ϻĵصȴţܵ˻ھЩߴӱյȥ𣬵ǣûЩӣеη岻ҲЩգ̰սʤ˲ϺͶʮŮΧ˹
Ϊ׵ĺŮӣǽյ˫ɿˣ˵֪
Ҫʲô
ǲʲôҪ㶼Ӧң
ûشΪһŵƴȨŵǣǿʯָλãֵֵȥŵһɳĮҵǳ֮ӣѾһ޴ջ񣬴淽棬ԣѾ㹻ˡ
ǣΪһߣΪһҪ죬ҪյߣȴǰȨġ
һ˼֮󣬳˵ֻҪΥҵı⣬ҴӦ㣡
ȻҵĽ㣡
ã
Ůһ˿ϲ켴˵ץҽˣҲ֪Ժδ֪ʲôֻ֣ǵò˵һ仰
˵ŮŵյĻ棬ѪɫףӾϼ״ӿȶʵʲô
˵ͼڴ½죡
죿Ц˵ʲôӣ
㻹ǾҪң
ҵĳŵ
ŮӵͷӻͳһҽʱÿһĻŮҧ˵ԼֶѪ⣬ɼĺޣǶô
ЩΧϽʮ׵ľ룬ڶЭɳȵѶǷߣȻɳĮˣȫɱ

һ֮£ɳϽѪ


1079 ǳλ
ɳѪȫë׶ѪɳȫڽѪڳˣԺ𵴺ѣ˫ֱͷڵϣطʹѡ
ûµģֻɳĮȺŮӡ
ǧ״ǵ̵ʮɷѪ֩ҲȫӾŽɷѪ֩ıϹ£ɫףɷѪ֩ϴֻŵ˵ߣߣߵԶԶģˡ
Ϊ׵ĺŮӣоһصˣԾ˾ϲﲻֻͣһȣЩ˾˳Ҳˣܾȳ㡣
˵棬ûǵĳˣһǽˣ
ллˡ˵ҪܾĽǣȴ¶ϲ֮ɫ۾ǵȺ˵֮Ͷѣòŷ
ˣǸӥצİɱҸĸеܵܣҡ
һץֱӽӥצץŮӵĸǰŮϱ飬һ󼱾仯ȻһСӥצϲȥʮٵǧ
ˣĮǰӣɱҵû˵꣬ϱ㽫ĮǰץĸǰĹâ۾ӿ
ˣذ
ˣѪ

̶ʱ֮ڣɳĮĳԱ˾֮⣬ֻһû˵ȫøҵıʽĥǵĳˣǸˣûг𣿡
Уֻǡ
˵
ʮɷѪ֩ǡŮӷҪֹȴѾǰʧǱߣʮɷѪ֩ڷܣͻһʮ˶ô¶ȿʧأʮ˱ط֣Ѿص֮أһ˫Ѫ۾һͷǰ㶢ǡ
ϽʮɷѪ֩ץûлع񣬵ʮɷѪ֮֩󣬾ȻڵأˣɳĮĶˣ˵ӡ
£ȫлųϵĴվž˵£õҴ£ȥ
ˣһ֮롣ϵͷ˵ҰźýúŴһߡ
һ£˵ǻԸƬɳĮ𣿡
˵˼ǡ
ȥұȥһطңһҵ㣬ұ͵ǰȥĵطȻ壬ͬʱҲҪȥѰҾϵǸˡ
һ˵ƾ˰š
ǺãһطҰɳĮ£ǡ׼ǽǰһϴ󣬽Ǳ
ʼգûʹޡɳ֮ӵ£жǳ˵ˣ޺ɳ֮ӣҲûۼֻǿµļأأǸ˽ҽߵʱҲˣһǧǰƬɳĮȷʵһɳ֮ӣƬ޾ɳ֮ӶڣԼһǰңɳ֮ӹһҹ֮ʧˣ֮ʧģޣ˿ʼѰɳ֮ʧԭ򣬿ûܹҵأҵԽԽ٣ֱޣɳ֮ޱ㱻ʱûˣҲû˼
üͷоɳ֮ӵʧ붼Ϊ˵ǼĳλѰҵĳɹ˵ɳ֮ӵķλԸϵǳȷ
ǳ
̧ͷȥ죬ǳԵǳѰʯܣҪѰǳ治ỹʲôǳɣ
ڵϣƾż䣬ǳͼһӺ󣬾վ˵ˣҪڿҳǳͼȷɳ֮ӵķλ
žŰʮһǣϵǳͼԺ˵ҲͼҹҳʮǣľôҲҲ
ü˺һǸԳǡͼڴ½족ӵľͼŽָٵŮӱ󣬴žһǵפȥ͵֮󣬳Ϊǲһ󣬽˾йسķٻصԭĵط
Щɳԭأֱӻӳһ磬ǹ˵أϥڵϣҹ٣ͦʱ䣬ϱô˻˵
Ƿħ
¯ƾն֣һҩݣӴָ˳ȫ֮Уר־ħûжݣֻһΣܳ
ѵգҩûзŽȥ¯ҩؿţ񱩣ƷħĹؼƷħ֮УҪһֱֿ񱩵ԽԽãħƷԽߣ¯ﲻһ˿º֮һ˿һºͣħͻˡ
ĿңҲ˽ȥһµģ


1080 ħɣſ
ħҪ񱩣Խ񱩣ʱ̷ħܱʵ͸࣬ͬʱҪҲ͸࣡
һ棬ϲõǣرǵźڰ֮ѭֻҪڰ㲻٣٣޾ӣ
ˣϱҪħԽħԽãǷħ£
ÿ񱩵ºڵԣϲ¯ǰƵֵҩܴﵽʮ֮Ϊ롣
ڣħܴܲﵽʮ֮ûоԵİգܹ
ǣԴԴϵعעȥ
Ȼϣһ䣬¯˲ӿصľκˣûתһ޹Ļ״̬޻ҡ
񱩵Ҳ¯һͷޣҪ¯һ㣬أûǿп¯ֻάŲ¯ը
ȻĻħҲˣٿ񱩶ûá
Ҫ޼ޣֲ¯𣬳ǰ澫ȷ˴ãͬʱϽе¯쿴ÿһ˿仯
ħɲһΣպҪռҩƣңҪſԵҲȥ÷ħܱȱ
һΣΪպ»뽫Ҳһͽȥӿ񱩣Ϊȷһʧûн뷨ʵֻԺԡ
СھԱߣֱֱ
һͣʮǳе¶ϵԪҺͬһ㣬۳¯Ƿһ֣Ŵʱ䡣
߹бʱϵ۾Ӿˡ
ħѾؼʱ̣
ͻأ¯ҪϵĿƣ𣬳Ͻüһ۳ǽ¯棬켴Ͻǽһ¯
ӿˣ¯ҲԽԽС¯ΪջСǳϽ¯ҲһѹҪεķħ
¯ԽСҪĿƾԽȷʱ֮¯ֻȭͷСֱѾͷҲ󺹵Ρ
һ㣬һ㡭
ţֻ͵غһ𣬵ءۡ¯ʧȡ֮ģǾſŻĵҩ
ħɣǾſţ
йħΣζʣκûȻǴﲻʮ֮ȻܽӽҪôһ˿ѵҩĴﲻʮ֮ʡ
ſŷħǳϵһŵƣϽŽƿУսָܽŸղһиܣоȵȡ
ȳʱУһң쾡ǳ˸أԺֳ︡˾ǳͼǳӦ
еǳӣʤݶ֮ⷱҳضİʮһǣǱȴ뻹ҪѼǧ򱶡
˶ƶϳҹңҲ֮˵ţרȥһѰǳͼϱûСۡƤͼʹо
¿쵽м䣬ȴһûһͷۣԺȫǳ˸ȥңӦáӦá
ü䣬һ߸ɽ壬ͻأɽţƽ̹羵棬ӦýߴӰ㣬һȡȥҵĻҪ׵öࡣ
Ͼڰʮһǳ֮乴һʱڴΣȷһ塪
Ǳֱģۣƾʮ䡣
ɳ֮Ӱɡ
ϲٴ̧쿴ǳۺӦȥȻϣֻʱҵ˶ʮһǳǺǰһΡ
˷Чϴܹ裬ѰĺȻǲһ۵ĳ֮ǰһһŵңѾõöˡ
٣ǳȥ֮ǰһҳʮſǣ𾣼ʱҳʮǳȷʵˡ
ڶҵʮſǣ
һʮţſǣ
Ȼſǳȴסˡ
һδҵ
һ
Ӱ

һ߸ϣ϶ûҵó϶ɻԼķǲǴˣҪȻôҲأ
ٴϸϸȥȱٵľſţǺת֮
ҵķֻſǡǼȻǳͼǾ˵ſǾԴڣҲǲ˵ʱ򣿡
ĥţǰЩӵ£һѾԲ£


1081 ҩݶ
Բ̣һ˿ȱݶûУȺǹơ
Ѱʣµľſǳǲ˿ټأ²ǣԲҲǣʲôʱȷʱ򣿡
ǾſӦЩλõģ
Ѿڲ֮УʣµľſǳעλãȻʱѹӦžſǳֵĵطһƬ
˾֮£ֻĵصȴƤϵĵʮǳûȥۿ´˾ſǳĳʱ
Ѵͷա
һɲǣ۾Ȼһ˴ɳĮϱǾſǳȻҫڿա
ˣ
ԺǳͼȫӳڿУֻǸǳͼǳԲ½һ㣬˳ǳ֮⿴£Լǧ֮ĵطһɳĮǷˣȥ
꣬
Ͻ⿪޴ʯһˣҵɳ֮𣿡
ǰ棬ǧ״𣿡
ǧ״ûа˵ţϱСڣʯ壬ֱһȥȻת˫ֻ裬ɳ
ʱ̣Ͼ͸Щǳ֮⣬ԭʧѴһ֮õɳ֮ӣȻɳ֮ûˮ϶˵ӣϽλ
ǣˣһ
걾ҪظʾʾģоϵĿ⣬نȥϽһɶȥɳ֮Ѱֻɳ֮е˾¡
ʯλãǡſǵλãüɻ󣬡ſǣǲ棿
Ŵ֮žŹ֮λߣཻһ㣬ϲֱһ֮ϣ˵ˣҵˣ
ȥһ㣬˵ߣȥ
ǰ·С׹ȥһʱ䣬Ѿطۻɳˣһ׹ǧףΧģȻɳӡ
ֱһǧ״֣ΧɳӣǺʪģѾܲǹֱɷĩѹص޴УϼǱȻҲоѹȴܳܣǱȽɵĸоǳйأСڣȫûʲôӰ졣
Խ£ˮ־Խ࣬ϲ²⣬ɳ֮ˮĪȫ˰ɣ
´ԼһǧףڳϸоЩ֮ʣŵϢҩϢҩζ֮ŨŨ˷ܵĸоеƬƴҶӣζ磬ԭÿ賿³ҺΣǰ˳
˿̵ĵԪҺ˵٣ǳȴ̵ظоԪҺ˲٣Ч֮ǰǿ˲١
ѭҩϢȥʮϢ֮һڳǰӲȸǿȵĲϽɣȫɸָݹɣţҲɣ
Щ黨ݣֻɫָɫͬʢЩҩϾ󲿷ֶûмʶʶһС֣ȴóϸ˵
ݲԪݣ
͸ǲԲݣ
찬㣡
ݣ

ЩݣȫƳٵҪҩݣԱߵġ赨֭ݡ𡱵ȵҩƷħҩЩ黨ݣɲǰ½Ѽһһ֮ġ
ǰһƬжʮ꣬ﵽϰꡣ
ңЩݵ½ѼģƷ׸ߵöˣ
ϴ˿̵Ŀ⣬ιЩ֮󣬾۽һϣһȣβף
βסơٵζҩеһζβסǬת࣬סһζˣֻѪܹˣζҩܶơٵˣõﳤˣ֪ܲҵѪܹ
϶ҩǻżģڶ棬СβסôϡҩݣǶ棬֪ҩڡ
ͻأԺﻮһʣôôĵرҩݣͼڴ½طҲûм֮صҩҲûУõôҩݵģͼڴ½ϣҲЩҩʦˣҩʦǴ˵е塭
뵽Ȼѵ˵ҩйأǲйأȥ֪ˡꡰβסȥ׼Щҩϻ
ǣһΣȴٴγ֮£ϾȻûаζ
ȻûСǣҲȥɣȻЩȻββס
ϼǰβ
Ƭ֮ʣϾͼӵǡβס˿
ľˣס֣ϸЩ黨ݿȥһ£ûʲôص㣬ĥȥȴ֣ЩµҩݣȻҳһ


1082 ˿룬˵Ϊ
ǰҩЩ£Ӳݴ滨ݣκ󣬳˵һȫһ󸮣ɳǧ󹹳ɵ󸮣ÿһݣ黨ԱߵЩѪҺ󸮵һ֣Ҫ֮ȷʵܡ
ȻϵֹѹȭǡڶȭҪƳ󸮣ǻпܵġ
Ͽ϶󣬵ǡβס;ȥƣòײҵһζȻʹ˻ٵ
ǰ󸮡Ǹй֮޲ֻǡǶꣻǰ󸮡Ǵζġһ˰죬Ҳûпڡ
󸮡Ǿ֮Ҳǰףɡ󸮡ĳǧ󣬴󲿷ֳ϶ûмʣµһЩ½洦ѧҵӰӡ
Ҳһ˼£ϵʶʼо㿪ȥÿһֽ⣬ȥжΪġ
һֽ⣬֪֮Уһѹһ֮УûϢһһ۾ѾѪ˿һͷڷǰЩµݣҪϺö౶ɢ־ǳ
תüֳֽȥȻ󣬵ĵʱ䣬ȴǷǳ࣬ڳһ꼰궼пܵģûа취Ϊ򣬾Կһˣ⾲أ
ϻعͷȥֽ󣬴ÿһСԵĿȥԺﲻߵġǳͼһϽԵڵλãҲȫߡ
Ժ󣬳Ͽߣ˼ţЩߣʲô񡭡ͻȻ뵽һ֩󣬳濴ȥһһӳ֤Ȼ֩ơ
Ҿͳ˿룡
󸮡һ˿ҵŮˣڳǰɳϹӵأ澡ʮ˰գ˳֩ȥȻһ·
ֻǣ̫֩Ӵ̫ӣ㻨˰칦򣬲ų龡˿룬͸󸮡Ů󸮡ɴ
Ϊܹ߽ȥˣǣǰ滨һ仯֮ǡ󸮡ſڣͻݳһۣ۱߻һ֣һѪڣ
ȻǺйϵ֮ǰ²⣬ȴΪʵĴڣ֪λ£ޡɳ֮ӣڵصǧװڳһ󸮡һɳĮ仯ӵĺȣҲǲ٣ر󸮡ǱĲãѾģôĹ⡮󸮡ʲô
ϿǸۣСʯСһģһʯʯǶȥ󸮡ûа仯ϿǾ仰ţѪҪ֤ǲѪȻҪõѪ
˵ϴӴָȡһСƿѪҺƿѪҺ棬װŵ˵Ѫ⻹ǵоͼ֮ʱµġ
Ѫνʯ󸮡ٴη仯𣬳һӲ֮ظϵôʱ䣬ܣҪǰˣ
滹᲻ʲôΣմڣ
Ͻٴλָ׵̽˽ȥûзʲôһ̤˽ȥ󸮡Ŀռ䲻󣬽׼
һʱ䣬ϾĴѰšѪܹ
ȻɨһȦ֮󣬳ʧˣһ㡰ѪܹӰӶûУҲûݡ
еģֻһ
һֻӣһֻһվӣǰŵģһҩޣ
һУСݼǰ˵ģһģһ
Ǹ˵ģģ
˵ǰͲ²⡢Ǹ˵ģҵȷʵ֤ݣ֤Ǹ˵ʱϻǺܾȺܼ˵ģյĵҩҲģ
ѹмȥõϰ벿֣Ҿһɲŭɢõ֣߸߾һҩƣҩȥ
ͼڵ񣡡
˵ţܿȥûڣǳȷʵǿһֻǵϣһ֣֮ˣڴˣң
仰ǲ棬еܣֻһͼڵǻ񣬳ϲŲֱӽˣ棬ҩ棬ҩ棬ǲ
壬ƾųԨԴȻǰ£ˣõһꡮβסѾ㹻ˣ˵ôҩҵǳ巨ҵˡ˿롯֮Щ㹻ˡ
˵ţֿǾ仰ٴɳٵȷʵǰ֮
˵ϱǰվλãϹݣõսָ׼壬սõһƿһĺӣȻ֡


1083 
һ֣ʱס˳ϵߣһץץģһҲʲôӲɣһƬģ֪ݵҶ۵ɡ
ϲҶӣŵģֻǼƤϻٵʱ䣬㿴⼸ƤһЩ飬󸮡õ峤壬ͼڴ½ľţҩ֮νǾγأһ۷塣
ǣҲΪ̫ˣյҩ裬һܣȻй¶ˣһõȴܣ޵˲̽й¶ˡ
˲䣬½֪·ڣ
һʱףյҩ裬֣֮νƥȻǿ󣬵ʵһ棬ͼʥ֮⣬ΪҲǾƷͼʦձ鶼һƷͼʦټ֮ҩͱͼ죬Ѳɱ⡣
彫ǿҩͳҲãӵеĲƱʵ̫ˣһҩܽǵ̰֮Ҳ뽫ԼѪˣҩ趼ͳ˵ҩˡ
Ǻ˰ţûԼߣѡһΪܹΣҲ֮ѡĵӣǿյҩ裬ͼڴ½㹻ʵ֮ٻصͼڴ½һ塣
֣ȻֹһУžӢѸٳ룬ֽ󲿷ֵҩµȵȣΪԷһһ·ִ룬ϣͼڴ½ˣܹٳһţҫ
Ȼ󣬾ɳ֮ӵʧˡҩ󸮡ӵеı٣ȫҩ軻ȡģ켴ǿʯ壬ϣȡµĶ
һк̹ȻӦ԰˷ƣȻԤϵһеͼ壬ˣʲôͼڵģʲôֲͼڵģʲôȻͼڵģȫɱڶ
ܿ죬ƵΣ֮ʣǸйˣ˵ֻҪ嵱Ůˣ嵲ⳡѣҫȥ
ȴΪ飬ΪȫȻܾǸǿнסⱨ֮ʱ븹еһҩ裬ըˣҷĴ˵Ҳ͵˻˾š
ЩƤҲǾ̾ѣȷһʱٻعͷŵ֣֪Ǽ򵥵ļݣ档
֮̾󣬳һ̾ǰû뵽Ǹ˵ıģ֮֮أصıͼڵ񣬼ʷپ۸ģ壬Ϊͼڴ½壡һ꣡ңר壬һ˿˿Ļᡣ
һʼӣҡҡͷͼڴ½廹Ϊ֪ҪãԶԶ
ң尲µ󸮡·֪ҪȶòŻһһˣȡ˵ѪҲȡ
뵽ͻȻ뵽˵ǣ߾ǸˣΪʲôɳĮ⣬⣬ĻֱʲôĿĶǸ𣿻С
С˭ʲôĴ֣ܹǸʱ̣ų壬ĿԣһӾ꣡
岢δ˵ƺĺȥǸ˱ԣϲ֪˭˭ֳʲôģǣ֪ǣ̤һУһǰʹڵĴУͼڴ½ѡƬ½ʱ򣬾;ˡ
һ꣬ȷһóó£һͷʱûнӴûнӴٵϲΪһܻꡣ
ڣϿ϶ûʲô⣬ȴõǸˣ뻹ţǻúúõģǵģҪãҪ˳𣬾ͲӣҲͲһôĹˡ
ԾģϽȭͷýǸһ궼ǲ˵ĳ֪Ѿͼڴ½ˣǽṴжôŨĺޣ籩ı
һ˲֮䣬ϱ뵽࣡
ͬһʱ䣬֮أӭˣǿųΪһƬҽĲ֮أȫǳԾѣǱ鿴Ҳ֪֮صġ䡱֮
һŮţ֮طʲôôģ
мһӻص飬һˮʯ


1084 Ҫ·
ϿµƤɲǼ㽫ͼڴ½һĻĻһߴ
˵ͼڴ½Ӧûһɴڣͼڣֻͼڴ½ʲô£ûʲôҪ㲻֣
˾˵Ļ˵ͼڴ½죡
ԳΪˣǷе𣿡ϲ²ţ֪Լ˸һĴУû˿η塢ų¡־塭
ϵϵ֮·֮·η塢£
Ȼ̤ıУұ㽫ıлȥ죬ǱߵĴڣϼᶨ˵ѣҲѹʦ¶ɱ棬һڵŵԣǻʲôڣ·Լøǿ󣡡
˵̧ͷȥȻǰһƬѪϵԺȴǳգ
ջ˼ַƤµƤֻ˵˥ܵǰһرͼµ帴˵ıأ֮⣬ҩ֮Լܶܶҩ
ҩ棬ҩ衣
Щҩ֮ҩǸ˸ˣǵҩ֮ȥ½֮
ϽЩҩһζһƤƤдҲǰǰ࣬صģȴյĵҩĵãÿһƼ¼ȵȡ
ƤٴΪһˣһţ벻پʮζգա
ϽƤýյ·ѾҵһҪ·𣿡
˵Ҫյҩ裬Ҳһ£ǿҪõپʮζҩңЩҩһºҩʧȥټǰΪϡƽضܰҩݣҲϡҩڣǡ󸮡ſڵҩݣҲֻеһ֡
ǣ·½ѾΪ˵˵Լ״̬ȴǺʵʣܼ򵥵һ·Ƥ֣ҲģֻҪҩܽյҩƳ
Ҫ·𣿡
һ鱾ģȴҡҡͷҩ裬ԳΪҲԽøĶǣԲҪߵ·
ҵ·ӦʵȭͷȥһƬգһƬ񷣡ϵ͸بŵִţ˾ıģ·ʺ֮⣬Ҳǰ棬֮ҩȴȻˣø𣬲ΪĽ
ңֻ֮ᵽһʲô磿
ϲ֪֪˵ĵطǽжԹʮ½棬Ҳ˲֮
ܵأԼʵ㹻ǿ£㣬ܱԼ뱣ˣ
ҪԼǿǿҩ裬˭ǿҾ˭ǧˣид˵ȻԵҩյ·ǣеˡֵܵȵȣںˣǻõţ
һպã϶õ˵ǰҴõôҳŵܣһ壬Ϊ
֣˵Ƥõȫպãߵ󸮡ſڣβסװһϻרŴšٵҩĴָ
Ȼеҩȫһɨգơħĵҩ֮⣬ɻơյҩҩ
ֽʯȡľ䡣
պһУ뿪˵أͻأϺûɵ˵ԣ滹һЩͣЩǰһǰͼʥ˵ͼʥĹΪκĸͼ壬ͼ鶼ôѣͼʥĹǽӽھ
滹ʲô¼
ţȻ⣬¼֮أԡնȥ㲻¼㣬ôǸ᲻߳߳˽⵽飬塭Σӣ
뵽ϱСڣٶȶȻ÷ɿ죬ȫʩչѭߡȥֻ˱ʱһĹ򣬾͵˵档
ţ׼ž֮ǰŴȥ
ɳĮ﷽ѱ磬Գ˵ȴ⣬֮󣬳ϱ㵽˾һõŴȻ򣬳Ͽˣ棬ΧѹѹһƬˣȫɱڵӡ


1085 Ǻǿ
治ٲҾɱһң
һǰһĮͷĴ׳ӣһȻͼڻĵҲǳǸƵķֻһͨĵֻͨĵҲҪ˵
׳еĵһߵĲϣߣѾǰ׷ԲԣձĿ£ߣӣһҲʮһӣСһ꣡
ӵǰ棬һɫƽŮӣӻŮˮ籩ﲻͣģȴ򲻶ЩԵʯĳˣ
ǵģǧˣΪģһǰѾϳ׵סɳӥצĮǰȸİɳĮĽǸŰɱˡ
ѹ˵ǲҾȽõ鷳ǣ
ȻЩ˶Ǻ˰ʹˣģչ˰֮λᣬ˭Ҳ˭˭Ϊ˭һΰ
һɳҲȻһӣҲȥҳϱȫĿɳĮϣҲûжɳĮ֮⣬˶ʮ죬ûпϵһӰǲŷΪѾˣ뿪ˣɳĮ֡
ܹۼô˵Ҫԭ򣬻Ϊ˱ΪɳĮӳϵõ˺ôŷӵʧǣǷѾ˼Ҳǹȥ߽ȥˣҲûгģȫԴǱг߿˿ӣ
Ѫ֮ǲûˣǸˣΪһȷõбǴ󱦱
Щ˲ȴץһЩ޹İգԴҪЮǣղźǸĮǰԱĮǣĮǺţ治ӾĿˡ
˵꣬Įһ߸룬ץȥŮ˽ԼĺȫĮǿŮزͣض۾а⣬ԺͻһƣһѽŮץסĲеˣɾҪŽŮ˸ӲϹˣɳĮǺųҪŮˣҪŮܵ˵˺ǲĻɾˣǱǺģŮҲΪǶġ
ĮǿЦţѾȥ˺Ů˵·棬һãߣ͸ףȭͷԼ֣ѪţмŮ˰˵ϣһҧ˵ǣ߰ɣҳȥ
㣬Ҫȥһȥ
ɵˣܻţǾţȴ˻ȥһµ磡
㣬ҵȵģȥģӦңҵĳ𣬴Ѿұˣ޺ǣ˻ҪΪҽ㣬ѵ㲻뿴Ľ𣿡
⣬ĬˣҲ׷Ȱʱ̧̣ͷһ۽ǣ˵ãһȥһһˣŵȴ˻ҲΪǱ𣡡
ͬ
֮󣬾һ˳ŮѾ챻һ˿ңĮǻѵ˿ӣǶŮ˵мȥϽŭȵĮǣſ
ӴСӣóˣ˵žͷ𣿸ϽѱҾͷȻĮŮ˵ǰץȥȴǸϽһ˸Χ
ȰǻǸϽߣ򣬴˻ȫȫʬôһ˵Χе˶һʮϢĮǺǸǣѾˣˣԣɣСӣҪҷŮˣԣ϶ˬö࣡
㡪
˫Ѫ죬ĮǿЦһְ
ʱе˱ȥ˲ͽ˱ǣ֪׶༪ˣ漣֣ȵǣɱɱһⱾɱ׬ˣɱЩ
ˣ֪Ķ
꣬㿴һӰǰһϴǰͻأأû𾪣Ǿϲ֣ѿڵˣˡ
ˡ
ϵ˵ͷϵɻʱǿ˳ǰĳþͣ׵׷ʲô£ʵôǣ
һ㶣˵ҪȺȫ
ã
һ֣ȳת˵Ǻǿ󣬳ɹؼҵɱ
Įǵ˿ӵĳϣ˲д󵶣һڵϣܵ˲ǰһӵ˲˾ֺţԶȥ޲õҪȡ
ӵõ
һ֣ܱһȦǽǸ棬ʱȴסĮǣղŻһĮǣȴȹӻӣͷѣ۳һ׸ߵӣĮϣţ򽣻ĮϣѪ
ת֮䣬ӵ棬ɳȫڻ𺣡
˿ϲгϵ󣬶ȻߴޱȣȡͬСݼһǶԳϣͬǣСݼ֪ǻ̫
󣬳ϴžˣȥžһߵģŮ˺ӡ
ڳظϵʱ򣬲֮صˣѾ֮ظһ飬ȴһм˵벻֮ͼ壬һʣ׷˺£


1086 ǵģ
֣ôԶôûһˣɻ˵ӣΪΪո£һĵ˵ֵǣ߳ôԶˣһûмţƶһ㣬ɿɵĺۼӦģǡ
棬ܹ죬ȥ忴ͼеһǿ壬պò̫Զİ壬ΪǸƮŮӣԹӦ켴̤У˵飬еĵλߣΪĿǳݣƮ쿴ȵ֮У͸顣
ȡƮ졢ΪˣǷ鲻֮ش¼ˣ֮Ա御ͼҲһҴ棬ûһۼ֮ػ˶٣ʧˡ䡱֮Ҳʲô
ٶȺܿ죬һ·ϣգ㵽ԭӦôŵɽ֮أ˴ӿ£ʱɵۣȫסǰʲôֱɽеֻһ׵Ԩ
ʦ֣ǻ᲻ߴطˣƮ켴Ǿȵʻ۾ҲûôһĨϣٴθƬƬߴ֮ʱʦҿ½ֲͼʦǰעµģд
ôԨ
ȥ鿴鿴ûлˡ
ȵȥĴ̽̽ͬʱһֵֹֹĸоȴ˵һ̽Ѱ֮ٶ֮ʱ㶼ҡҡͷһ
ʦ֣˵ˣ⸽һﶼûУһȫ˰㡣Ʈ˵üͷȻ
Ծգܿȥκ˵ˣ
ʦ֣˵ʲô
ûлشƮ죬ֻ˵ܽģһˣ˵벻֮صǼйأȥ忴һָоͼڴ½϶ǲ֪Ĵ顣
Ʈͷ۾ȴһ˿Ȼܿȡٴ̣̤նȥ񱼷֮£ֻҪһʱ䣬㵽˷ɽ
ɽٴǳԾˣɽͬˣﵹûԨȴǱΪƽأҵһüĿǾҳ˷ƣ
ƿǰһŮֱǲһˣһ˵λ˭
˭
Ʈǰһڷò˿Ůˣķ
ֻһССķ峤
ССģƮôСɣʦֿ˵ܴյİôССأ
˲䣬ƮǲǹװϽתƻʵ巢ʲô޴ʣɽôٵģ
ƣһ⣬ȴ˵屻ˣɽҲˡ
壿ܣ
ͻȻʧ̬شǵƮ춼һ㶣ǴûпģΪҲɻؿţȴǲܣŷ˵ô¶˵
䣬һ˿飬ģԽӿˣֹţôһУֹȴа˿ɵ˵ڵɲһǰ壬Դһǰһӵ˽ٵ壬㿪ʼ˷츲صı仯
ûͼӴ׵ذʵ˵ȵ飬һٱ䣬ϵҲ˺ƣڵÿҪšˮȷ˵󣬽ʵͼڴ½һǿ壿
ǵģ
ˮա¡ǳЩȻͼ壬Ҫ壿
ǵģ
屻Ǹȫ壿
ǵģ
Ǹ˴Ͻ٣ˮȵֻҲǲǿ󣿡
ǵģ

ԽʣԽǱ䣬һһ϶ġǵġ֣ɢɱøŨ֮󣬷ƵѾɱƵò˳Ʈ쵣Żʦ֡
ƮĻδ˵꣬㱻ˣȶŷƺȵ·ȥ壡
ǣˡ
ƽԼ̬ŵúܵͣѾʼ˼ıȻǿ˽ȶĳӣһ㣬ܶ
ˣ廹ͬˣͬˣǡ
ȥ壡
˵һ˿Ʋ˵Ǽȥ
ʱϻڸϻ·ϣ


1087 һ
ڣֳһƬ̬֮ҩҩûȡõĵλи˿رСݼԼǿö࣬ûдڣûоԵס壻˵СݼԴΪ׷ϴ˽Ų뷨ƴһ
峤ˣ˵ˣ
ˮݵˮͻĻѾܸСݼ˺ɽɽ׵ں棬Сݼټϵҩ֮˿ΪѾͼ飬ɷǰģͼʥ磬СݼȻûȥ֮أھ˴˵һʱ֮ǰԼͼ顢ͼʥܸʱҲ֮Сݼ
˴˵ǺͱСշЩһ֮߳أС޵ļ·ߣֱأǿޱȵĳϴڣ˴˵ǲʲôʵʵЩ֮Сݼ
æȻ֮ʱ⣬ӭˣǷƴŵĽˣȿǰƬɫһģɱεй¶ûΪʲôҲûнֻǷǳֱӵأñ˵𣡡
˵꣬ȵоͶһѹӴ󽣣ɢľսȶˣƮΪȻţƮҲȡһѽȵĹӴˣǣĽϣɱҲΪȴȡһɭ
ƿһֱһɢɱȵȣƵֱˣھţˣԣǲͼڻģǴʲôطȡġ
ڷƵľ֮̾У˶ԾУȸһն£һƾޣһֱ£ڽ淭˻䣡
Ǵһǰɽˮǵأʰˣ±̣Ȼ貽⻹δڵأ㱻һϵסֻһɢңһʧ
סĽ⾪һģȻǳϲµġɱ󡱣ȻһɱȴҲһҡϾһСɱ󡱲ǡɱ󡱣
󣿡
ȼԼһδ书ɫڣɱĸأǸ˻᲼󣿿Ҫ˴˵أҪնɱǸˣ˲ľء
ƮΪҲǴ󾪣Ȼ֪ȵȴû뵽ͼڴ½ϣȻܵסʦһĴڡ
Ҫһһն£ȴ˵ס֣Լ
ʦ֡
С󣬻סң
Ⱥţûʲô󣬶ٴμ󽣣Ҫһνûն׼һɱУ
ڣȵһն£ɱ󡱻ζСݼ˾֪˴£Ȼ֪ʲô壬ô˲µġɱҡȻͷССݼȵȫ澯䣬˾λغ󣡡
СݼˣһʱˡɱУȫװպɽ˳˳һˣ׼ãɽȥųЩڲ֮صޡ
Сһ˸ովλУһȣնķ
󽣣ն£
롰ɱײһ𣬡䡱һը죬ĵʱײ㣬ĸӶȥҪɱ󡱸İ룡
ûСݼά֡ɱ󡱣ȵĿĻ͵óˣǣСݼ֣ɱһҡ֮ͣ
СݼҲܣ޴ĳײСݼ³һѪصģֱӸˣ
һɱ󡯿϶ֲˡСݼԼƣǰľƣȵˣȫ˳ȥ
Сݼ˳ȥˣȴպմ˹Сݼ̣Ҫˣ㲻ܽ󡣡
СݼЩ˺

Ǿͺãȥһմ˳ˡɱ󡱣ҪȻǡָĶгĶҲԼĥƳġ
棬ȵڶȻδŭɶֹأɢһҿ㻹ܵҵĵ𣿡˵ţ󽣴ӽѷɳȥڿգٴ
ɱյ˽֮Ҳ˳ȥɱ󡱲ԶѾվޣ˷
һն
ȵٴα𣬴ֱֱȥЮ֮
䣡
ɱˣ
һҪһնƣɾĶˣڽɿͬʱġɱУȴ˸ɫֱ졭


1088 ˵
ˡ
ȶ·˵ҿ壬ʲôֶΣȻվˣҾǣصˤȥˤøף
켴ƮΪԸȥץס峤Щҩʦˣȱæɱ¾׽ѡ
ǣʦ֡
ƮҲо˽ȵ쳣Ӧ˵ȥ
Ѿ˵׿ķƣ࣬е𶯣ױȣˣʲôǽ⡭ǽ⣬ƻشһһΣˣ֪Ǹˡ
뵽Ʊ㿴ո׹ȥĽˣ͵شܷڿգ˵ģ͸Ǳô¶ʲô
˶죬ͣƮҲ⣬ȴڱƶ֮󣬽ۣһѪȻҧݵöң嵱ܾ裡
պ꣬ȴͻغȵãûбƾԣЩ㲻϶ǡﲻɴһѪŵĸо뷢йߣ鲻ԽأתͷƮ졣
ǡòõأƮҲ˫۰ģ޷ؿŽȣ֮Ƿųɫһ̡ӱ߳ջڿУƮŽƮȥˡ
ΪĿ⣬Ҳֱ㶵ؿƮ죬ﲻͣƣƣҪסԼȻšơΪĿ˷ϡ
ֱʲôҲܣ˲ͼڻɶȥһӣȴһˣ˲佫ΪȼˣҲˣΪһĿһ׷ȥ
Ʈ˫Ѿס˽ȣ˵ţȡʦ֣ҡҪҪȺ뽫ƮƿȴǷָӲԼ˫֣ҪƿƮ˫֣ܿƵؽƮ§øˣҧͷ֣ҩ
Ȼ󣬽ҲԴһУץסƮɶȥ
ڣСݼǿйȥգʵ̣ʲô
һЦһüǱθĹҲҪҩ
ɽԱĿɿڴСݼȴһ˵Ǵ˵ģʤСݼϸ֮ɫһأǾͲ׸ǿˣҡɱҲˣ
ת˲䣬Ǳ˼ᶨڿʼؼ䱸̣һЩͼڵĶóɵһߣɽˣָޣóɵڶߣˣóһߣˣʱѾˣٻصǰôɣŴˣãỤȹһصģ
ǣ
£˶
˵һߣȴ֮󣬴ҩİԵҩԣŴѪҺõƮӵĽȣû˷ܣֻŻĿеŮˣƮ죬ڡ
Ʈ죬ȴһӣߺ첻ɢеԸڵõʵ֣ӴԺʦ־ҵˣҾǡ
ƮеҸû꣬˵£͵ûзҪ֪Ҷ㲻
һˮƮͷϣֲܵ嶫ơ
˵ͲƮ죬壬һ壬ӵùһΣӲڶΣһ˼׼ͼڴ½ʣµͼȫɱ壡
ȵҩǽˣΪȴǱˣΪ峤ټӷһٶȱͲƲˣ߶طٶȸ죬쵽Ϊڶʱ׷ϣʱƣҩԽԽǿΪӾԽԽҲԽԽƵľ룬ԽԽԶˣΪֶͼڴ½Ϥ֮ʧ·ˡ
Ȼ˴ҩڹ涨ʱڽⶾյĽǱ
ڷƣʱ׼׳ӣֻǣҪܸˣΪ֪ƼΪΨհѾΪˣ׷ǽȣ˵һ͵ȥˣΪǰı֣Ҳ㹻ǿٻϵĻƾǵˣܿһ֮һ壬һʱ䷢չǽ棿
ʱ֮ҲǽȶƮ˵ǻʱΪӣȻ񣬡顱һڵϣըķˣ
Ϊδüչ磬ȱߵáҩˣ
ڵٶȣ·ֻ̣һˣ϶ͻص壬žʮˣмСӣٶȱ˲١
ҲСȻȥģСȻǿСڱϾڣ˭֪Ǹûʲôֶδڡ
һԶתԪҺһϣƴϻأ


1089 ˭ҹҷ
߱Щͼ壬壬ˮ̫ǳȵȣ˱㳲Ҫɱȴ壬ɽ֮⣬ͼȫ˽ȣر壬һ֮£ȫ޲
ôһǽȵǿƣžǿʵǣҲ屨֮ǰǿǲѹͷȻڸں
Щͼ壬Ȼһ󲿷ֵľӢˡУǲ˻٣ͼټǰ塢Ƚδͼ壬һҲǱӴ֡
֮˵֣ʵΪǵʵǿȸںҪҲǵʵֻҪȥڻңƽɱȥ·ѣţֻҪ̤ϣһ˾ܽˡ
ȽЩ֮󣬲ûеһʱɱ壬ǴЩˣΧ壬˴˵ʼ뷴Ͼӡʵ̫ǿˣǣڽһնɱ峤ϣٽ󽣷ĲϺ˴˵ˡ
˴˵һ㳼ˣţĸͼ壬ҲΧɱĴУ
ѾƺƴľƣȻûзִ֣Щˣȥ˱ѾЩͼ壬ʵģЩͼ巴ˮˣȫ壬ɱȥ
Ϊֹ屻ȫˣΪʸ֮ģ
Ҳû©ûзΪټĴѰңһѰңըѪΪȻûҵҲûҵȴǽʣµЩ˸ҵˣ
Ȼ󣬽ȱõһϢǸش˵ϣҵҩƣ
ϣĸ֣ýҲˣиŨṴ̃¶˾ģҪش˵Щ
һ£߶ƮţƮģȴǲģ׳ӣȻòȣһ뷨ԽԽŨҾͲţһоûУҪһΣһΡƮҪһΣжһΣٽⶾһΣ
ЩȻʱ䲢࣬һʱ䣬ΪȲģʹһзⷨɵ࣬ٶҲ죡
Ŵˣʱ֣ȱ㽫е˶˵壬ûһչɱ¾Ǹȵ峤ǴͶҸһ·
СݼҲûбܶվڸ̨֮ϣ߳ΧһˣˣҶǵգҶرˣ
֮ǰɱóͼ壬⻰ĲˣɿԼһ˶ˣһ¿ĭܽˣҲ׳˺Сݼʲôڣ
ȷڣһ壬ǣˣСݼᶨޱȣʧģӻ֣˴˵ˡ
˴˵룬ȴûа취ֻǰȥȻ󣬵ղµĵһߣǿĶǿ
ˣʲô˸ʬ޴棡
𾪣ȣ
嵽׷˶ٶ⼸еʣղµĶȷܶ࣬ǴδɨУõԴǲһʱ䣬ʱʱۻôãܲ
úݣ
̾ɽȴݣˮˮܹûչôĻ˵棬ţȥҵҪܶˡ
ˣҲڸʮ˵֮󣬲ƽ˵һߣ壬ѾԪˣٲ֮ʵ
һӵȥΪܹɱйߵʱɵˣģޣ
۾ĿɱԽԽŨǿ󣬾ǿȥһΣһҪ壬޷֮ܣ
ڶߣʮ˲ƽ㲻ϵƽΪЩˣ˻ȥϢˡ
ʲôֶΣ
ȡ֮ǰĽѵóȻǰȿˣѾվ˳ǸЦ˵ʦãһ峤
˵꣬ɱȥƮ
Сݼߣվˮݡ⡢ȻߵȥȴңԺǵӡǣޱȣ֮⣬ɽգʵǿһˣ
ɱˮɱȥɽ£ռ˶Сݼһˣͬʱʹˡþʽڰʽն
νϬȴһЦƾ⣬ܵס𣿡
һʽնķն£ˮննɽаͬʱʩչġնýˣ³һѪƮһն£СݼյһˣѪɶȥСݼҲˣȽնһնɽҲˣ
գһͼڴ½ϳӴ֮û壬еֻ壡ȶСݼܴ˼Զ֮£һӿ˭ҵĹû˩ãܵҽУ


1090 ɱ
˭ҵĹû˩ãܵҽУ
ķҪչ󱨸ܾ֮ʣȴôһ̶Ļ
رǸ֣صش̼˽ȣ
ɱʱӿǱӴ󽣣ƱȵȾ첻ѣ
תͷ뿴˭˵仰
Ȼ󣬽ȿһűɳסĴڣƶٶȣ̫죬ȫеٶȣ٣ȼ״ЦʱģӦþ壬Ӧνش˰ɣڹ껹ٶȣȥشˣҲһѡ
ţ
ȴûлӦԣֻŻɳԽԽ
һػ𣿡ȿŻɳ֮࣬סȵͣ£ٸǰһҽ
ŻɳȻͣˣȼЦѣһܡ
˵ȵ͵ȻֹΪŻɳ棬һСĺӣƮƮһ㣬ڵϣ㶼ûˤʹ
⡭
ȾڴͻȻһˮƵģһֱΪ˿϶ǸųҩܵˣȴϣһҵСƨ
ڽȰ˼֮ʱɳֵһ߰ޣüͷֿޣһʮҡ
ȵüͷøˣСôһ¶
Ȼ֮£ûꡣ
һһŮӣִӻɳ˳ʮŮӣһ˵·һ֮⣬Ůӣȫǻɫ·Ϊۣ
һŮ£۾͵󵽼£ؾȵ㣬ô
ȥŮӣǾ
Žȣâʶң
ҡͷ䣬ԣȻӺ񣬵㲻Ҳ㵽˭
ʶҽ㣿
һӱ뵽ɱҪĿܹɱˣֻ½Ѿǧٿˡ
ʱɳɢȥʱĿתƣ˹ȥ㿴һӵˣÿһĿ⿴
ȣǴôһڿзУŵٶô뵽ܣһӣŵô󣬡㡭ôһеģ
˾ȣΪǻ˵Žʮ˷УҪǴʮˣܷܲǻһ˵÷
һȳϻشȵ϶˷ֻззôˣϿգ
Ҳ֪
һʣǰ̤һ
Ȼ֪
뵽÷ˣ°ˣҲʾǿ˵ų̤һ
㣬ҪΪ壿
̤һ
㣬ҲΪһ
̤ͬһ
û˩ҷ͵Ĺ
ϵ˵һһ̤Ҫŭȣȴ֣ǰ̤һ̤ǰǲˣ̤һȱҪ߲
˻棬Сݼ˲Ȼϣ¶ЦݣˮȵͼˣȴǻˣƮǾˣĿ޵еʦ֣ȻѹˣԥأƮϸ
佣γɵֱüġš֣
ĿԶŽȣһץ佣ץģƮʱֽűԺ˲һ֣ץסҵĽʦֶ
ͬľģнȣ
ӿ˼Ĳغ֮Уȡոľһ򿪣ȫڽȵǰȵʶ𣿡
ʦ壡
ʦ壿
õĴ𰸣һЦղŽȵַӦҲ뵽˼п뾣йأѹԺγ䣡
㵽ʲôˣ
ȡˣ
ܣֻһϸѹʵ̫ˣٴʧȥǣдȣҪն㣡ʮն
о̤
һ̤ʩչʮնĹӴ󽣣ȴǷ顱ƬƬѿͬʱȵӣʼѷ죬Ѫ罦̶ǹͷѵġꡱڶ
Ʈ첻ǰʵǸӵˣ˼ͽǿޱȵʦ֣Ƶ֮Щ潣ȶˣѾ˲Ҫĳˡ
Щˣһת㿴һֻӣǵĺ·ϣ
ߣȻѪȣ㲻ɱңɱңһ壬ضضܾĥҡƬ½죡
ȷʵɱ㣡
ʶ࡭
ɱ㣡ϵ


1091 ˵ҾǶħ
ɱңѪҲ˵㻹Ҫɱң

ȿųһģ飬ͷŵŭԽƬͼڴ½죬ôɱң
⻰Ժﻮһ΢⣬뵽ʲôҪĶȴûץףûףҲᣬǿѹȥֱʵķأ
һ켴׹סҪըһ㶯ǸѾץסУȺȵûõģֻҲܴ򿪣Ҫǿ򿪣Ὣٵʲô¡
֪봢ָʲô𣿡жûоֻתСݼ˵ͽˣӳеĲǣܾĥˣǰԼ˵ʲô裬ҲԼֻҪһС
飡
һƵģСݼǰСݼ֪ʵʲô⣿
֪ʵͽҹƶ࣬峤һʣ۾תȦ֮󣬱գˣпɻǰߵҩ
һµʲôЦȻУҪ٣ж١
֪ͷһץʹĽȣЦҪһ御ҾΪ㲻ԳΪǺϲ죡
󣬷֪Сݼʾ峤֪飬˭ҪԸŪһΣһ·ȥңֻˣ
׼
Сݼ³һ֣ԼҪܵʲôĽȣ˫ѪˣǣǸҡҡҡȻûСҡ֪꣬Ѿӹյݸƿӣý˼ڣҩҩԺܿ췢ȫ֪һЦűסĸͼ˺Ҫˣվ
˭
֪һ䣬кܶˣǰ
ȻҲкܶ˲ǽȣرˣСߣȻСպգǿֻһӣлǲôϣ˵ô˳ȥһֻôס
뷨Щ˳ȥȻǰͻȻһƬܲһͷĺܲ˻㶻ɻЦʲôı飬ȴǶԥź̤ܲȥţҽĴ
̣ˡ
䣬ˡ
÷ҵĹͷնˣ

֮ŲͬĸܣȴΪЩܲñûýԪȵ۳ģ֮ٸҴСߣֻʣһ·ŪǸ족ܻ
֪⣬Ҳɸ֪̾һݣһȾ㲻ҲᱻôʵƵ÷裡
Щǽҵġ
ϿһĿɿڴƮ죬˵ķأ
Ƕħ
ƮͻؼһЦĶ˵ȻǶħ
ʦ֣
óķҷߣȥȱʦ֣˵Ʈųϣ˵ģ
Ų㣡
Ʈ쿴һ߱üϽĽȣӿһݣ˵ã㣡˵ţƮȡұ߶ϵĶеĶⴢȥɡ

ƮϽӹƮȥƮȥ֮ʱʦ֣ţ㣡
켴ƮˣСš¡ٶȥˡ
ϽйСݼգһȦǽ֣ߣȡ˴ӡ󸮡õõСݼһˣǸ˵ġ
˵ģĵ峤µġüԣȥ˵˸󣬽ƤݸСݼҩǰǵģǺá
󣬳ϽǾյҩƤݹȥ÷ǳ֣ص˵Ƥǽ䱳죬ͻ˰ɣסϢһй¶򣬻Ϊһٴδѣ
Сݼսӹһ˵Ǵ֮ԡ켴ޱȸмӸжĿ⿴ųϣϻӻֵСãЩӦġ
Ȼ󣬳Ͻ˽Сݼٴβһز󣬾ͲȥѰҲˣ˵ԿԲ󣬳Ȼûдﵽ߾磬ȴҲŷֵĻ򣬲ޱȡ
ǡɱΪֽѧ󣬺͡󸮡󣬶ˡɱʱ䣬ɱѾΪһȻ
󣬾ҲҪϺһˡϽСݼ׵Ľȿ󷨺һ׷ѰСڶȥ
ϵĿģҪƮȱҪ뻢Ѩ


1092 
ȻƮа࣬ڳȫתߡ֮£ܿ죬ϱСڻˣ켴Ʈνġ족֮Ѩȥ
ƮǺ֪飬ֻʦ֣Ͻȥҳڽ˵Ǿ仰ƮѡԵˡ
ϵٶȺܿ죬ƮٶȶԣͱȽҲٶȣںظţһ·ϣҲûţоָ봢Ǵ
½ϵĴָһĽԪĲϣںһЩϣʦƳɣԪԽǸ߽ףԽ߽ףʦļԽãôƳĴָҲԽ߽ףָռҲԽܴĶҲԽࡣ
ʼ룬ⴢʹӦҲǲԭֻʽˣǣ̽һһҹķ󣬽봢ϸϸȽ֮ȴǷ֣ⴢȻҲ֮ĺۼûԪ飬Ҫģؼģ󷨣
ܴΪ󷨵ԭ󷨵Ľṹ൱ӣ˽ⲻ󷨵ĳϣҲһʱ׵ģƽģҳ֮Ϊ
ͬ˵ģ˾ܴĴҲΪһص󷨣൱һĴڣԿסڽȵУԿסڵѪҲпϢӡֻ֮࣬ġԿסܴǿŶĻڵĶȥ
ԭˣ
ζ˵ʦܽ󷨸棬ϻûмܽ˸˾ģȴδʦҵĽң
Ȼ󷨣Ȼ֮
ĥ𡰴󡱣䴢ԭʲôĥ󣬲ΪѧϰҪĶ۾飬Ϊؽ׼
þ붯ֵĻĴھ󡭡¶ЦݣǾó˿롭
ʱҴҶתѹ죬Ʈ첻߲ݵĿ񱼣ģҲϣٶԽԽҪʦ֣а˿иƴĸš
ϼ״ţֻ֪ʲôǵĳ֣ͼ֮ǺԪмƣȱǱܵһСʮնܿԺ½ĳеһƴҪƺ̺ĳЩƮǼ佣Ҳǲ۷۵Ĵڣ֪ǵʦ壬ʵʦ֡ʦ壬һɣ
һ֮󣬳ϱ㲻ȥ˼ƽš󡱣֪˶ٴΣáɽھŲȵĻϼʮࡶɽھŲľ
ȥЦ⣬ԭŪˣ󣬵һӣӵв֣ȫ󹹳ɣһשͷһ󣬽שͷģҲһٸװϵģͬһһ
ƽ󣬳ѧ˽С󷨣ջķᣬţҽ½ԪϣǴռҪӣ
ͷϼĥ󡱣˴ľǰ֧ţĥ˵ǱȽɣġҲھƽ
֮󣬳Ϻһġ󡱣Ǹˣе󷨣ƳһءνṹƮĶϢڡءǸڡУֻҪɽϢ򿪴ȡĶ
״ġԭ󣬳˽ȵĴ˵֪ⴢġ󡯣ǲһġءֽṹϾ½ϣǧ֣
ҵǣġҲǡءֻֽǣء൱󣬱Ʈ촢ġءνṹ࣬Ȼģ֮еΣͶö࣬ͬʱҪ֮࣬УתŤȡ
һжԭĳ˵ֹסϵĽŲֻǹȽϴҪϸʱȥƽˣ
Ĺ򣬴ġ󡱾سڳǰǣŴڡءǸеһϢüͷ
ҪȵĶϢܴ
ϿϢƵҪǻ򲻿ܰȫ봢ռ䣬Ǿ̫ϧˣҲЩˡ
ͻأüͷչ֪вУ


1093 ˣն
ϵķܼ򵥣
ֻнȵϢϢǺϣܴ򿪴ôģȵϢ
ģ⣬뵽ˡаٱ䡷
ԴӳϷ֡аٱ䡷ģⲻʥϢͼڴ½֮󣬾Ҳûʹùаٱ䡷Լ˻һ
Żáаٱ䡷ľ飬䵱ԪŽˡаٱ䡷ϲЩɣѵģⲻʥϢǸ򡭡
ûмȥˡаٱ䡷ʼģµϢ
ʵϻ뵽һ취ǱǸġټһȶˣȻ󣬳ٽµϢϢһȵġͳ˳ϵġҪԼġǲҪ򵥣ж򵥣ֻǣ϶ڽ󷨸һƬհףĿǰһ㣬Ҳͽ
ʱ̣ģϣϢͽءġڡУ
ֻһˣ
ȻУ
Ҳϲã򿪵壬ǿǷͬһ㣬ܴ򿪽ȵĴȻܴ򿪵ȡȡǹȵȵȺܶ˵ĴǴһ࣡
ıȫϳ˴ţǾʥһĴڣģⲻˣ
ڳϴ򿪽ȴһ˲䣬֮壬ڱһһŪŵĽȣͻػһ鴤кܣ
ܣڻѡҲûа취ǲǻȥԣսģɣҲҵģҪ壬ôᱻסӺ桭
ȸû˵ĺӶšܡôܴҵĴΪʲôûл٣Ϊʲô
ȵѾ̽˽ȥûеһʱȥȴʲôоĴĴռƮ촢Ĵռ䣬屶
ӦģĴҲǸ࣬ңЩשͷƷףҲȴġשͷ߶ˣַҲǸö࣬Ͳ򵥡
켴뵽һص½ôָôһĴڣֻ¸ǷʤɣţЦˡ
󷨸󣬳ϲȥ鿴ռʲôϿһҴ｣˵ĻҴǷз
ûóһ£ɲƮľѿȥּһЩʯͷƷֻʯͷɫȥоɫʯͷ̺ӴϽڣȻ֣ԪҺԽԪҺһ֣
ЩɫʯͷӦǺԪʯĴڰɣ˵ţֿһɫԲƣԲһն֣

ڴռ棬ҵһϣһŮӣõǾɫ֮ˣҲѷɫңͼŮӾͱȵӸҪʮְٷ֣ǱŮӡ
ȽͼصôĿĲԶ϶ǽȵǶ󣻿ǣڳ˵⸱Ůͼûж壬ϽһߣҪ˳ָȴһ
һصһ׽һ׽бнʩչġʮն滹Сնն
һʽȴд֣ն
ն֣Աͼһ˲䣬۾ؾǶ֣ŻϾѾоҽЮӿǽֱҪϵն÷飬Ҫûһ㡣
ԥģת뽣࿹һεġһȣԵı仯ŵǳ֮⡣
ǳǳʱõĺôǳڣתۼ䣬ͽûҷ˿棡
ͬʱӿŨŨ⡱˲䣬ɢ
С
ϵһȻֻһϢڣ˽ǣֻǿڹϵһʽһʽʹֵĴڣ
֮⣬óϸ𾪵ǣʽնУоһ˿˿ն̫ϳ֮ǰʹһСնϢ
ߣʲôϵ𣿡
ţȻѾ۵µƮ죬ٶȶȻӿ죬ϻЦݣһǵĻѨˣ


1094 뻢Ѩ
ڵˣˡ
Ʈ˵ţϲã̧ͷï͸չ⣬Ųߵչ⽻㣬˫ִһ鸴ҹơ
ţֻͨͨƽƽɭУͻȻӿһ߳߼ʯͷƮһһͷԵʯͷϣ۾һգ죬Ҳֻгûн
ʯͷȥϼ״СڸϽһʯͷҪȥʱվʯͷϣųϴˡ¡ʯͷ֮ϣƮǵصĽ֮⣬һ
ʯͷΧû羰ȴǸоߵЩһ㣬Ȼһ˲Щʲôر֮ȴ쵽̲ʲô
뵽ƮղſʯͷĻ棬ûһ˿һĵȴ쿴ȥŴƣһͿ˵ʯͷǿʱģ֮ǰգʲôǸʲôȷģΧľݣǡ
һ˲֮䣬Ժ︡ʣʯͷٶȣѾѹʣ׼ӭһ涷Ƕ¸µƴɱ߸пܣյƴɱ
նĽȻǼ̣
飡
ʯͷǰʯͷҷֿ¶һռ䣬ӳĵһƷһնֵ񣬳ϸϽջնҲ򵥣Ƿƽʱһһԣڡ
ţѾ𣬡ףʦ֣˿ͨȴû߳ǲǷʲô£
ߣȥ
ûʱ䣬Ű£ٽԿӣ˽һϵƮ죬ɫ䣬Ʈʦ㣬ôˣ
ʦֱ˵ţѾͳһƿƿﵹ˼ҩǿƮ̷ȥֲϵغƮʦ㣬Ʈʦ㡭
϶ͳƿƵʲôռ䣿
ǵҩ֮ãǻԵƮ죬ǱʶҲڵŽȣʮϢĹתǰ磬æ˵죬ϣȥȡʦ֡
ʦ֣¶ޱȵľɫʦѾһն˰ɣͼڴ½ϻʦ˵Ĵڣ
졭
Ʈ³һѪֻ˹ȥϽƮ죬ֶԱһ˵ʦܣȥϣҴƮʦ㣬ϵ
ǣʦ֡
תȥ籧Ʈ󣬳Ŀһݣ˽ʱ̣ƶṳ̂նУͬؿ㣬˵йŹ֣
ת䣬Ӱʧ֮ʣ֣Ũֱȫ֪ʲô£ֻɫرףֹͣȫޣŵƮ죬Ҳе䣬Ҫڵء
ϡаٱ䡷һתģ۾ҲƣϢҲģϢ·ʬڴָУٽסƮ죬ƣ
߽ȥϻ쿴Ĵռ䣬ԭһĴڴ̽һֽ⣬ͬġءֽṹȴǱƮĶҪ򵥵ö࣬ʱϺ֮ƽ⣬ٽϢ룬ڴΪϴ򿪡
һԼĽָȵȣŽĴڴСҲ޴
һϵжڵʯ֮ɣ
ʱ䣬Ѿһνǰֱ֮оǧף߽ǡնֵ񣬴µϣնֵα
۷ն֣ѾһСɽĴڣ
ǧ׽֮ϣǴһΰޱȣ͸޾ϣǳϼʶʮɽɽ׵ĲãҲɴΪԾ
óעģȴǹϷŵһġ족֣
ջĿ⣬סЩնֵ񽻷棬⻵˴£ڿڻѨ֮ˡ
ǧ׳ĽݣԳ˵㲻ʲôڲܷɵ£ʱҲϳһ·ϣ˲ˣţʦܣʲô£
ʦ֣Ʈʦ㡭
û˵꣬Ѿһ֮ʣֿϱƮǰͬ׷׳ʣϻصϣƮʦϢȥʦ֡
ϵĻЩȫǾޱȣȻͼڴ½ϣ˵ȣҲڳȥ
֮󣬳վ˾ǧ׽֮ϣվˡ족ֹ£ʱ߳һˣͫ͵һ˿һɷǵģȴǾϵǸˣ
Ǹ߾ˣ
ǸԳˣ


1095 ŭһ
Ʈ죡
ǸɫЩ˿¶ۼͫѱûңҲǼţȾƮʦ㣬Ʈʦ㲻ˡ
ϵĻӽˣûж࿴װһֻۣ͵شӳӹƮ죬̹һƮϡ
ϢϵĽɫȻ͵һӷ˷츲صı仯˷ŭŭ
Ͽ˼Ʈֻ۵ŵ»ԣΣգ˵ķŭЩŹ֣ЩûԵʰ
˼ŭȴҲǽƮڣҲȡһŵҩƮ̷ŵҩƮ̷ĵҩǿ̫ˣƮһ̷ȥһϢʱ䣬תǰˣһʦ
㻹֪ʦ
˵ķŭˣϸǾˡ
Ʈһ㶣ӣҲǲ֪ʦŭӺζȴϽվ˵ʦȥȾʦְɣʦŷ˵ĥ
ͼǵʦΪʦ˵Ļ
˵ķŭƺôҲˣƮĿ⣬ǱޱȣƮȴǻһ𣬺ʲô͵أڵϣͷ˵ʦģǵĶҲšš
ʲô
һ֡һ֡ҩʦֶֿסԣҲšƮ˵ȥˣȫڷʦŭȻһ˿δ
ΪʲôͻȻ˷ŭԭƮʧӣԡҩ˵еĹ£Ҳ˵ˣϻɻ󣬡ںƮǲӣȴΪΣ֮ûɵأ뵽Ľ㡣
˻ҪΪ֮ʱһԺ£һ׺ƮƮߣӹһ̤Ʈǰصϣӿ˷ŭ
кâһӲ¶ۼ˵Ⱥ֮УͬʱøˣΪ׺ߵϣо˿˿Σ
ֻԺ΢һ˵ϡ
ػһƮûˣеڶܶƮ죬Ҫûˣɾˣң֮գҲûˣȾʧ
ǣϡ
Ժòƹˣȴ÷Ժеŭâһ㶼δɢֻڶϵǿƣѹֻƮ죬׷ʲô£ôܵ˵ĥ˭µ֣ϹȻŽڽȣ˲ʳһ⡣
ƮϽԭԭ˵Ʈ˵ͼڴ½һǿʱ򣬲Ժ϶ɫ󾪣ѿ˵ôܳΪһǿ壿ʲôȥˣ
඼ˣ
ʲô˴ʵ
Ʈ˵ȥ˵󣬻ҩʱϵüͷýԺŭȻȾۼͼڴ½֮ɱ壬Ҫݺݲ֮ʱٴβ廰˵úãǿҲ޷ܣ
ģʦѾ峤ˣʦҪץʱͻȻһˣǸ˻бһֻӣʦֵƾȻѹƵòˣʦּǱܣʹʮն
벻ѾʹʮնˣȹȻΪţʮն֮£Ǹ˾ԽӲ£
Ʈҡͷ˵Ǹֻ̤һʦֵȽȫˣʦֵƤѣȫðѪʹ֡
ܣ
Ϻܼһ֮£ȫȻû֮ǰĳ侲ͼڴ½ôһǿߣԺͬдʣķŭҲϢѹˡ
峤˵Ǵ䵽ͼڴ½ģû֪ںδֻܼˮܼ𡭡
ģ
ۣԺ˵ϣҪҪ½Ԯڸֵͼڴ½ҪȻӵ£ǿɳе𡣡
Ժһڳȴˣ½ͼڴ½ǲǾ˵뿪ͼڴ½;Ե½ǲҲܵ½
̫ˣ̫ڳˣˣ뵽ܹؼܣϵβһ飬¶һ˿Ϣһ¶Ͼ;֪ԼҪ¶ˣ
ȻֻϽüһݣԤ׵һֱϣһ뵱ʮɽһޣ䲻ȫһȴҲǼΪƣ
콣˲Ϯǰ


1096 о
콣ƿϮ
ϲڣҲûڵıҪǧ֮һϢ䣬ָòǰǳûв⾪콣ܻϴĪ˺
ڣ콣ȻҪӦԣǲѣ
ڻָòͬһ˲䣬ѹ磬˫ֻ£缲է˿ƥһ罫콣棬һϿȥ
콣ֻյУ⾪콣жˣ֮磬ȫɣʤ콣ƿǧʮɰǧأ
ң֮ںϵǲͬնɽ׳ǳǿʱһ֮Ѵ˰ʣܸߣ
֮У콣粽УǲϱģԽԽ
ŭֱ죬ǵѾûܸˣϵã˲ܵסնľ콣ܹӦһŭ𣺡ӣô󹷵ҴնŽأ
ΨѶѣһ˵
ϵһϸŭͼڴ½νǲͼڴ½˵ʱȴ˿룬һкȵն
ϳ֣һ㣬ֻﴫһžıֱӱն룬Ȼ绹ûбȥʱ򣬳Ѿںһ֣
ֳڵ˲䣬籬ըҡΣɱӿнҫ۹âʱ籬ըԾﻹţ˭Ϸ򣬶Ҫնǳɻң
衪ž
ϸ˵꣬һ磬ʵʵڶϣֱӸȫһ飬ʹסһ˲䣬һ㣬ֱȥ
ռסϷ磬ûоʹ֣овҪ⺷״̬ܵصˣǱǰ㣬ֻҪϣνնУ֮ˣвܣ
Ǻڼǵ֮󣬳ϼѹ磬һϮϣ֮У̺ĲޱȣŨޱȵ
ϻδ䵽棬ѾתĿоǾʹ磬㵽ʲôˣŵͬʱַ֣ԼһΧʱŨǾˣպ꣬ҷԣˣʹ磡
ȻһһҲܵϮһ֮ɫϵķӦҲǲһʽնȻնǳһ貣統նĿ飬ֱ˷ȥ
ȷʵǿˣѾ֮УҲûˣӣֻѹȥǣѪ֮⣬еĽҲһ֮δ룡
ڴ׼⼸б㽫ϽǶϾͲΣյĸоˣһɲ䣬ϼ֮
֮һ
򣡡
׽򡱣
ˮ򡱣
򡱣
ڤľ򡱣
֮ϸŰΧס
ɫѾľȻҲֲ֮ɫȴܿϵļ⣬ھҵĳ鶯鴤ǾΣ֮оһ˿ˮʴѹ壬ڤľ⣬׽ٹǣϵ·ͷԱȥ¶̬֮ɶȴûȥԼôĶˣЪ˹ĿţУȻУԺ죬½ȣ
ľˣǱһһĹչֳֶһĪĿֻţǿѹסֻţϮ׼һ
һߣնеڵӣս̫ͻȻǻʦֱǸ£ȴ͵תɴƴɱûܷһڵӣս˼أѪģл赹ڵصģһغġ
ܲģҲǲԺˣԺϱһѪ˿ݺأòΪˣӻڽסزֻ¼ŵҩɫԻӼгȥ
ϵȻòԺȥȣ˭֪½ʲôĸ֣Ҫһ۷ʵڵĸ֣ƴҲסԼٶҲȻ
ȻûȥҪϿסһ޴СڼԳ˵ţҳˡ
֮УСѾ˲ԺǰԺһֻӣޱȻ֮У
ߣ׼ɵĶϣȵն


1097 ȸѪڣն
ն
ǿҽͻͳ֮ȫǴ۽⣬磬˲ֳÿһ·صŭҪŭģնǧһ㡣
ƥĽ⣬Ϯ
Ϸƣ
ϴȻĨȥնĿֻţ
ȸѪڣ
֮УԪҺ󽭣ӿڱӴԪҺ֧֮£ܴţ
ʱ򡱷ٻɣ׽򡱽գˮٲֱ£ѸɱγɱٲƬռ䣬ͻʮڤľΧеǽҲҪе̺ɶ
бף֮Ҫ
ǣ˲ĽһٶȶȻڳ˵һ仰Ϣ֮籾ƽƾӰĴ󺣣ľκˣ˶ȥǲУֱˣ
ǣأۡ죬³Ѫ
ڲڣ
ȫëףڱ³ԪҺҪץסᣬ֮أ
˿̣ϺܺڣС롰նˣûһʼʹɱУ䵽˱֮أ
ԼΪʲôӣͼڴ½ôãҪĸͼǸͼͱȫǽͼڴ½˵ƿڼ֣ͬͼڴ½һĴڣϵõͼڴ½ͻȻðһôˣɱУ֪ɱжҪģ
ڣϺܻɣȥʩչɱˣ챻Ƴ򣬽Խܵ˺Խأͬʱƴ߶άŽ͵ܵˣټأǰ˺
ʹ֮£ɱأٴѪˣ಻٣ڣ
Ѫ֮󣬶죬˵Ұް㣬Һ˭ƴϷҲҪն㣡
ģ㽫Ѫ¸ɾѣȡ纮Ҫͨ˽Ǹôȣܻܲص½£Ȼöȥ
ϵĻǾ䡰Ѫ¸ɾ̼Ҫ̻ȥѪǲֹشӿ˳
ͬʱϾǱٴܵЩ΢ʧĳھѪ棬ڿлŵٳ򣬶ڿγһ֣һն֣
Žģն֣
ն֣͸޾ϣз·ôɶıû˱˵Į⡰ն֣죬ܿܿ޾˵Ĵڣ
ŵɵġն֣ûϮնָճڿʱǾǧ׽Եġնֵǵõĳٻһ㣬ȫһζһǧնֵ񣬻ɢеĽȫСնֻ£ȥ
ڡնֳֵһ̣֪ƴɱվ֮ǰͨǧ׽֮ʱѾоЩնֵ񣬲ΪһֵĴڣ²ǲǲĳȴ벻նֵ;
ֻգۼ䣬õġնֹ֣һڿٵ׳ȥ
ʩչһеĶϣɫ㡭ܲ𣿡ϵף鴤Ӿңڳĳ־޴ʹࡣ
ûлش𣬡նѾչĹƣƣһޱȵƣҪǣվǰˣΪ軹ɱ¾ǧУһ˿һķ
ʩչ
ɱ磬ǳܣһԶתֵסնƣһʱ֮䣬߾ǲ£ն⹥ϾҲ˲ɭɭն⡣
ɽʮϢ󣬳ޱȵأնֵĽƺ޾նԽԽ󣬡նűǿľƳȥǡһ̻ᱻƣ
Ǻã
һʣԺȻڶ棬ʱ򣬡ڶ⾳ڽȭΪʲôͲڽأ
ʩΪȴ뵽һѴҪתɺڶһͣضһ̣֮УķأνǱ㣬նҲ룬һϱضܴˣҲӰ죬пһ߲̶䣬֮
ΪϾԲŹôһûᣡ
ڱʯ۾ӣת֮󣬳뵽˽취Ǳǡ磡


1098 򣬱
նֽܵĽԽԽ࣬߳ߴСΪʩչնֵĶϣҲʹˣƿҪܲסһ㣡
ϻڼţȷǰ˵Ҫƴϵ۾Ы㣬óһҲɣҧ޵ϷҪܾĥѪϷǰѪѪɡ
򵹣һˣһԳϷҪһ֪𣿡ϵһ㶣תܽϷǰڡնǰǹ򲻿ɣҲù򣡡
ǸˣǴ
һ£նϿգһóѹֻĴָС磬˺նһ죬ݺݴڡն֮ϡ
ʱһҡΣٴѪǡն֣Ҳɽһ㣬ҡȥ۽⣬Ҳ֣ӿնֵЩҲɢôһ֣
ô˻ᣬϸϽתתɺڶȻϣתΪɬ䲻ˮݣȴҲǻҪ׽ǰ㡣
ͬʱϼ磬նֵܣͷųסϣöܵ˺ϣֱӱûն־Ͳƣ
Ѫ֮󣬿ңնһҪٴνѪ³г裬ʱһһġն֣ɵУǰǸնںһ
ϼǸնֽȹٴλۣٴαǿأΪġڶ֮䡣
ǡʱϺѪ˵磬Ҳ㣬ڡն֮£һжȻΪҷĴڣ
Ŷ˵նֹȻͷų繥ȥնͬն۾˵סһؼ֮·ģҲҷ𣡡
ָ£򣬱
ᣬڽľˮȴͬʱеܣ¡һը죬ӵһ㣬һɫâֱն֣
ʱǸոġն֣ɢƣǰġն֣ɢ͵£ıըͷȥ
Уǧ׽ݣҲҡβѣۿüһһ֮ˣӾǧ׽ֱк£һ֮ʱһը죬ݻˣ⼶ߵġնҲػĴһ㣬ıķѣƬ
ţڶݱ٣ļδµϣٿ֮Ӧģߵġնֵһ飡
ըܣֹڴˣԱҲǶֻڶ֮УǸ족ִͷųһסˡ
նֶǰģΪʩչնֵĶϣȻҲӰ죬ƽĳϣһѺۣϵϣƤѣꡱͷѵ
뱬ܣѾ˳ϵԤϣرǺõɫâǸ˳һľϲɫâնֱˡɢ
ϱ׼뱬ֹסնִĻͽǴ汦ӣն֣õʱ䡣
ǵɫâһɢն֣Ϊȡ㹻ʱ䣡
Ԫһ䣬ԪԴһҲ䷢֪֮ǰǵɫâ
ٴٳɡڶת䣻Ǳߣȴ׵Ŀ־循ˣų㵽˭
Ѫ
Ϊնԣ
Ѫ
㾿ô
Ѫ
ʣϽԱޱȵġѪֻش𣬡Ѫ֣ƺħһ㣬̶ֱĻ꣡
㡭㡭㡭ﲻˣĻ⣬˻ȥѪ
ۣ
̲סˣѪˣ
ЩѪͨѪǸѪѪ
ѪУϿ˵ϵǸ족֣ͻȻ·һ㣬ҾѪ֮ɱˣն
ʱɹâƺҪأֱ񷣬족Ҳâ֣ѾޱȵĶϣȻ˼Ѫһ㣬
϶ųϣܺãܺãϷѪµúãµ÷ǳãڣˣϷѪˣϷҪ¾ÿһѪ


1099 ϻ
УϴĪ״̬ġЩеġն֣ʧˣն̺֮ŵӴƥȴȫġ족֮ϣ
ͬʱѾ뱬ٵֻʣ¾ǧ׵ĽݣСնֵһ˲֮䣬ȫȻըˣЩһЩ׵Ķ족ӿȥ
ı仯ڼš
ţֿϿ濴֮˵Ŀ⣬ųϣš족Ĺâӽ
ĿϬ罣ʩչһУܵķɿ϶ޱȣȵ֮Ľ֣ң򱶣Ƕϴʱ͵ӣҲһΣյķʽţҪǳܲסǸ족ĹâǸ֣Ͼͻᱻըõǡ
Щ졯ƺһʱ䣬õģǡ졯֣˼ţĺڶѾɡ
űԽԽġ족̧֣ȭͷ۶ܲܳɹʩչʱնһǳΣյĴڡ
ĳһ̶ֳ˵ϣϳܵסǹܣʩչնǶϳܲסĻϻͬʱǸ족Ҳʧء
ʵЩ϶ںںܻؼҵǸڣǸ;
϶ƣһԵľֹ֮С
˵һߣԺһֻӵԼǰȫûȥ˼ܷӦؿЦһֻӣҲҵҲԺǰ
Сһµı飬˰ڶβͣ
ԺСڷˣֱȥȵӣһȥסү·ԺǳҪȥȣǼȥǿšҩ
СӲøˣȴûһȥ
һڿˡԺ˵ţһ֣СץȥСſ죬ԺС죬Ӻһ飬оһΣϮԺȥֲס۾˷ȥûпʲôвĴڡ
عͷԺСſ죬ͻһֱԺѵҸоΣǰֻӴģʱ򣬲ԺֻӣǸܽϱƵֱ辳ص˴ģ˴Ķ򵥣
ǣԺСڵģʵڿʲô˺µĵطΣӦòǰֻӴġţԺּСץȥͬʱԷһԺϵӴ˺ü

ԺץСԴ֣ȴǱСԺȷΣȷʵǰӴģǰֻڰϻо֣ϽҪֶ
Ȼˡ
Сһҧ£ԺұۣѾˣԺѪѣִŵҩ͸šģͿСڽ׳ȥĵҩһˣҧǶһ㣬ꡱҧˡ
ңԺԺصһģ̫Զˣ㻹ûиóһģһģС˵ţ˳
ԺɵˣһӣȻܽԺ˵ʲô
˵ʲôԺû뵽С˵ĻԺ˶ƣæ˵УģҪж٣ţҸá
ԺϽеĵҩȫóţסֻӣֻͨӣǸ£ĻҾˣټƵĵҩҾܡ
ţԺһ˿ԹϧƮ쾹ȻʧԪһȥһʱ˲У
ԺⷽŶڿУСһ룬ꡱҧţԺС˽ȥϱ¶Цݣţһ


ˣСڻҧţûһ㵹µļ󣬲ԺŨЦݣ䵭Բĵؼģ
壡
ţ

ţԺЦݲˣ˿ɫꡰʮˡ󣬲Ժô£Ӧõ£Ӧÿ°ĭӦѪ
ȻûеĺóԣҲܽˣ㻹𣿡СֱҪ˲ֻص˲ԺԺԺ˶ȥ֡
ûˣҪûˣҾͲˣ
СһˣԺһ֧˶ĽһʽննСڣСһХХֱԺĻ꣬ԺĻˣƱХһжҲץòȣʱСֱӽǶķɣ󽫲Ժ˵ڵأһٿȡ
СûнԺΪԺãĽ㻹ҪҲԺأ
ǱߣϵĿͻ


1100 ȭ
ϲҺѾ͵ɣֱһվڳǰɢܣ족ĹâŨҿʼתǿѹڣƺڽĹâݡ
ͺܣŲԺСڣС̧ͷһһز£Ժιȥһ⼸ҪȫΣ
Сڴܵ˳ߣС˵ϱ˵Сڣеģȥסˣǻؼҵ·
СһЩ
ϵ˵ͷСһߣ֪СҪȫʩչпܱࣻǣҪսһʵսԼʵˣҪΣ֮еõˣܳɳø죬øǿͼڴ½ôˣٹ¾ͿҪˣΣģҲֻһΣһҪǶԡ󡱶ԡ
ǰһΣģĥ£
˵˵ҲģȷҪػס
ۣ
Ѫһڣ족ֲâڶϣϵѴɣӸµؿųϣЦȻޱȵ˵ڵˡ
ЦҰĶˡ
ϵ˵˵ȻʵȻҲףһ֮Цڲŷϧˣ͹ϷҲûˣֻһ·ߣǾ·

ǹЦҡҡͷңҵһ

ŭȣЦСӣ֪˭ȳϻش𣬶óŵҾ죡
ҡҡͷ治֪Ϊʲôôϲ죬ΪܹӲܹɱɱܿܿ𣿡
ѵ㲻뽫һƿУѵ㲻˵ѵ㲻е˶£
ֻҪػסҪػˣ
Ц˼룬ֻҪ죬ʲôˡȵеһУ
Ҫã
Ϸ򲻺棬ģϷȥ鵽Ϊ죬״֮ߣɣһξг
ϻţҪãҪãҪáţϵľ﷢ĳֱ仯ѾתɺڶڶתţڳϿȴôڶÿתһ֣ڳϵһ㡣
Ҫǣڶֳζϵĸоǣ죡
֪ǳϵӰ쵽˺ڶǺڶ棬̧ȭͷ˿˵ȻҪãǾ죬죡
ȳһ仰ϵ־ڶֳζںһΪһ壬ϻս⣬Ȼֱ졣
ȭͷԪҺ磬еû˿ų⣬ȫԺڶʽתңڶתƵʣ롰ĺڶתƵʣﵽһ£
ϿųϾȭͷһοЦεĿЦǳЦȭͷȭͷϷ򣿻죿ǿЦЦ
ЦţϿ˳ӵЦݣŭҲνġڵȼȵһֻϣҲϷкʸϷ򣿡
ɣն
гû¶һ˿һĹâͽȴ˸о˺ƺ֮£һо棡
ڶ֮⣬֮٣ȭΪȭ
˵һȭںһĺڶ򳤽ڶϮ֮ʱһо˺ڶ̺ŵĪܣ֮Цû˿仯ţĺڶж⡰ն֮£
䣡
նںڶϣ˵ڶ˳һ죬춯أһֱȥ˲ϣһֱͨͨ
Ķϣȴɵˡ
ԼеĳƬƬѣնСȫǹĺڶ˽ȥǺڶûɢ
ʵҲܣҲѪڻڷƾǿȭͷǰ

ȫˣŽˣ
Ͻ족ʩչġնҲˡ
¡죬಻ҲҡСһԾɢɫâס
ܣϷ죬һֻϣô죿
Ȼ෴ĽöʧȥǣƵʧķĺУӴޱȵ˫֣ƽն£
Ȼô죬ҳȫ㣡


1101 죬
гٹըѾһ˿˿Ѻۣ˿ѺȻСֻǶʩչ벻ʲô©ӡ
ǣˡ족ֵӴ֮˿Ѻ۲ûбڲǱ޷ŴˣҲԵΪҪҪĵزͺñһܳţһѷ죬ǹϵ̫󣻿ͻųʮϰѷͻΪĹؼڡ
˿ѷ죬Ȼǿһʽȭ˿ѷ촦
ԣϵĳˣ
ն֮ҲӰ죬ˣǰδеĺڶˡ
Լɡ족ԺʩչǿһɱУ˼һȭ٣Ъ˹ķˣ˫罣ն¡
ȻֻǶϵķΪ̺ܣҲ൱˵Ĵڣ
˿̣ҲʩչڶǿɣڵԪҺ纣νȡ֮֮ߣһ̣ڶƺҪԪҺͿһ
ٷ
ڳϱ㹻ǿܳܵסַɣ֧ӦŶϵ˫ƣһǡȭڶӿ֣ķ
飡
˫Ʊɣȴڶ
Ų¡
ȭ
Ϸ죬Ϸǲܱܵģ
ȭ
ۣѪˣȴ˵ţϷ죬ϷҪ͵
ȭ

ϴһһǵȭһһĺڶڿգٱջڣϵɳӣ಻ϵȭУԽԽС
ɣɣһ塭
һ򣬱Ӳ˳Ȼήˡ
ȫڱŰ棬ڳǿޱȵıڷȭȴ׶Ĵ̹ǵ޾ʹǿţáȭ籩꣬ΪõǿĴ
ŷӺ󣬶ϱԭǰС˺üȦ˺ͷѾȫӣҲ֧ŲϵӣֻſڵϣӲд
ңϵӣһ족״
ϻˡ족
ڣˡҲǴ˵ĿǾ֣в˵ţҡɱңնšһᡭɱ㡭Ϊҡġ
Ҳͼڴ½նôΪ㱨𣿡
ۡڡĸ½նšᡭҵģ˵úܿ϶شϵЦݣȴŨ˺ü֣ʵʮ½Ҳҵõ
ǡʮ½ˣֲá㡭ô
ϵͻؾޱˣԥЦôô
ΪʲôҪն
ûлشȴʵ벻ţ
ʲô˼
ϲѪ˿۾˿˿
һؼҵ·ұ㲻һϲ֪ؼҵǸʲôҲ˵ˡ·ģɵĴڡ
һɷŭˣһ˵Ϊ˽ôͻն
󣿡
𾪣һ½һ½ҲͨɵģȻޱȣȴǲɫЦ˵ҲȫǣҪһˣǸвԺģץҵˣҪ˵ġ
Ժ
Ϻ޲һ˲ԺǲԺΪնѣȥϧվûУҲֻܺš
ˣһҪæҪǲ·ĻҾ죬㵱죡ĮӵؿŶϣ˵ţ飬ֻҪϸ˵һ֣ȡ
л·ߣܼȥĻᣬĶϸǽץסæ˵ȻôʹãֻǡҲˡˡ
ֻʲô
͵ˣϸϽֻǣͼڴ½ûʮ½һ𣬴˲ֱͨͼڴ½صʮ½˿ȵ½ٴ½ʮ½
û;ܲƵûȶϻش𣬳Ͼ˵˵ɣ½֮⣬ܴͼڴ½ȥЩ½
˵ֱ꣬ŶϣޱȽ
ϿųϵĿ⣬ȴǿ壬Ҳȥ룬Ͻ˵ȥ½ʥԪ½һ˵˲ٴ½֮ƫƫûС½ĸ֡
ûǵȶ˵֮󣬲ʵܲȥ½
½
ϲһ㶡


1102 Ӧܣ
ȥ½һϺ˵š
½
һ飬ϱǲںӣȴֽţһֱƴɱڣѽӽɺԣȴްǷ̬֮ĳϣԼǻɣ˵ûУ᲻һͷԵڵء
Ͼؼҵϣ
ڣ֮󣬶˵Ӧáܣ
֣ƣӣעһǿޱȵͻȫָðٱָͷ˷ܵزţǿѹס˷ܣ˵ܾܣܾǲܣʲôӦܣ
˵Ҫص½ǸնĴڵĻǲܵġ
˵ͻظоȫһأϽ˵ǣҼǵ½˵½ǰһ󷨳ɣͳһ½֪ô¶ɸˣӵĴ½Ҳܴ͵½ˣȴ²⣬Ǹǿɣ뽨ãдܹϵĻǻܹ͵½ġ
ˣ
Ӧáܵġ
ϵЩôţ˵ָ·ȥһ¡Ͻץϴ˿ȫŪ÷ָ·һֻϣϻץ˲ԺСſڳϵļͷϡ
ֻȷʵϴ̫ˣӷǳʱƵģϸȽϵסˡ
ǰȭûظоڣȴײʧһ״εţôܡ
ʲôû˵ʱ̣һķֻһ󣬳֮⣬Ͻڵϣ˵úԣҲųûͨ·ҪȻҸ뿪ҳһξ룬ڵǹͻʧһʧ㽫ò
æͷѣӣĪ˵ϴʹвӣͨĻ˶ֱ֣Ӿͱռ֮˺Ƭˣ󣬳СڿŶϣ򽫲ԺŪѣԺһۿĲǳϣСڣʱһҺ֮ǰĶ¸Ժоһɱɱ֮ʱתͷųϣȻֿһ̲Ķϣһȫһž֮
ϸ۳ͼ˵
ģԺľ壬͵ر˽ţǰƮʱĽ
ϲ֪ʱתͷҲ˽ȻϷȱ㣡
ǣͿҪˣ
ûˣҪкãޱȵطŭͣؿüͷȴǽ
Ժһѣų˵ҷͻһ𣿡
ᣡ
ϵ˵ԺϵĸɴŪˣ֪òų˵ģʱֻƴһˣǣԺҲָ·
ץŲԺ˹֮󣬽һλӿŻķһȥϱ㿴Ϸһ߾һ˿ңûԲĵطͻĵطȥĵطĵطȫװף뷢ɢһ˵ջ󣬾ֹˮĳϣҲִĸо
ӵݣ뾣һģһʣеŮˣǾĽ㣬ֻǣĽһζ۾ҲǱŵģƺڵȴ˽ȥһ㡣
һϢĲԺӣ۾Ҳ
ô¶
ԺʻĽһĴ˷ܵؽкˣǹҪʱ䣬ˣ
ʲô
˵Ĺʮϰٱһʿڷ˹ֻ֮Ҫһܵʱ䣬ܱһʣۣһɵĻʣ𾳽磬еĽϣڹǰȫһֽȫûã£ʿ𣬶ҪϾ߰ʱ䣬ЩţҲҪʱ䣻Ǵͻʥ⹦ҲоųɻͻƳɹ
˫üʱ罣б޽ǣ𾪷ǷһΪ⹦죬ȵ϶е۵ǧ򱶣ڶȴǲԺ˵ʿۡȵȣ½ϵһģһ
ѹ𾪣ɻʵ⹦ǰ


1103 ¯
ɽѪԵɺ֮£Ѫҧ⣬ȫϣûоըӴӿӣΪһٴʿʦ
ɡԨ֡׵һڡʮɽ
ʤ֮ĥ£Źأóڶ̶̵ľ֮䣬ﵽ˳֮
꣬ʿе漣е漣˵еĴ˵Ȼ˴˵ڲԺ˵ĹǰԵôĲ԰ף
֮ҩĳһ̶ֳ˵ȳٵ죻ҪֹܹƣǾߣʥҲȱȽǣдڡ
ֹǲܴƵģһҪĲϣ϶ͬһ㡣
ʱ䣬ϼǵþ˵ڰǰץߵģղŲԺ˵Ҫ꣬Ǻʮ꣬ʮʱȥһֵҩ䲻ܳ˿ͻṦһ񣬿֪ѶǶôĸߡ
ƷϿǰľɫŮôǾùޱȣ
ٿԺּ˵ԺǰƳǲԺӦòôǣԣϲŻôһʡ
ȻԺҡҡͷ
״ϲһǰûйǾ˵һжǲԺĲ²⣬ǲ棬ǻ˵һԱߵĲԺƺ˳ϵĲţȫĵ˵ұ֤ŹһѪҴ½ͼڴ½Ϊ˹õĵرоŰپʮ֣иҩǧ֣ҵʱԪдŮӣΪ¯
ʲô
һŭȣԺ˵Ůӵ¯Īŭ͵ֱʣ
Ժȴ֪˵ţŮӣһֳƺ¯˶ͨ¯ŮӽϣԪңȴ¯飬˹һϣ˸;󷨣ۼԪ¾ʣȡȵȣССһǧŰٸ󷨣Щ󷨡ػ𣬻طеҩÿһѪϸƤѪ⡢ȵȫʧ֮ʱͻһŵҩŵҩͽй
ޱȼԺ˵ŵĲԺͻظоܺڸǧѽնţ֮ȴŭյĳϣ˾Ԫӿ˲Ժڡ
ɱ֮մȾѪȣǰʲô
ǻɵ
Ҫɱңѵ㲻ҪĹ𣿲Ҫɱңкܴüֵģ˹һ뷨ҪֻҪ̷ֵҩȥֱӾܽ似۷壻й򵤣ӹڣʱɾʥ񣬾ͲȥˣкܶܶĵҩֻҪʱ䣬ҾңɱҵļֵˣԸ⳼㡭
оΣĲԺһ˵֤࣬ļֵһԺĻȷʵǴǾ̾ӹĵҩʲôĵ
ֻǣϸҿ϶ԺЩҩ˵ΪۣϲһˣҲȥȻ߳⣡
Ѿɱȴ˵ţйڹļ𣿡
УУȻСԺæ˵ţҵĴһָԪó㡣Ժֻ︡ҪһָԪֻҶԸˣԸˣһġ
ϧԺעҪʧˡ
һѳ²ԺĴԺ˵ţҪʲôֻҲܴ򿪵ģҪǽƻˣĶļأٻġ
ϲᣬתۼƽ⡰󡱣ȻģϢ룬һ˲䣬ˣϺܿҵǸأ˳
ԺʱˣɵɵôܴҵĴֻܴ򿪲Ŷԣ㡭
졣
ϽԺڵϣˤصһ˲䣬Ժͻ˹ȥʱļأоȻȾĽ㡣
򾣼ŵģҪȻĽ㣬Բѣ֪㲻˵ȥô˳ŵ
ŹڹļأԽԽľΪȺӣȴϣԺҩȫŮϣ֮ͬ
ǧ򲻿Сˡ
иԼȥÿһ󷨡ÿһҩģʱȵȡ
һߣϻβţСھվڶϵͷϡ


1104 а취ˣ
һ
һһҹʱ䣬ϲŽԺļأĥһ飬֮󣬳ϵĸоǣҪղԺصģһһ˿ȥ󣬹кܴĿܻɹ
ңЧã˹Ϊȼ
أҲ˲Ժڵ֪Ʈ첻Ǵ֮Ϊʲôǰ㱩ŭǣȻ׵ǣΪʲôҪʱŮӡ
ϿһۻԵĲԺҲһˣֻϧңȻĻ½Ҳһ졣
˵꣬ţܾȾռأĽǷˣҩ֮Уһ˿أɣҲǲ
ľûȵķ
ڼأѰŽ֮һףҹҹʱϽǧŰٸȫѧƽǧŰٸУкЩ󷨳ѾӴ
󷨣󡭡
Լоһ뵽׼ԺŪѣһûʲô뷨ԡ
̣һԺڣתһ󣬲Ժ˹ûй䣬ֱʵа취𣿡
ԺͫȻŴ󵽼£ʧܵģȲˣֻҪҵĹɣҾ͡
죡а취ûУ
һȣֱԺˣԺȻ㶵˵㲻Ҫ㲻빦𣿾㲻룬Ҳùշ°ֻҪɱңҾͿԸʮšһٿŵĹԺһֱΪ˹ܲĶ
ֻǣԺ֪ϵԭʲô
Ϊкãһʿ˹һʱΪȫӳʵͿҸҿ϶Ҳ򣬽׵ʥ֮
һˮo£Ժ㶣ȴ˵ҿƳ򵤣ܽ׵ʥ𣿡
ƾ㣿
бģǱ֮ɫ㲻һ۰ˣûƵó򵤣
ҡ
ú룬ûн֮˲Ժȥͷˣ뿪
ǰ˵ҷͻһ𣿡
Ҫˣǻŵģģ˲Ժһۣң֮ǰ˵Ǹᡯ֣滹֣ǲܵġ
ǲܵģԺһȫ̱ȥ
ڣҸһᣬҪܾĸһ·ļֵõŹâ׳һö˵ĹʵԺһӼģ
ȲҲģ
Ժһơ뷨ʼʵһĻĻа칦򣬲Ժųҡҡͷ˵ûа취ֻҪһ£ߵػ¶ȱ仯ЩӴҩѾˣͺñȴֻҪǿоǱٵĽ֣봢ֻҪǿȥƿ٣ֻҪһ룬ˣ
ŲԺ˵ϲӣ˵ֻҪӵ壬ӾͻᱬըǰǺεȵƣ
п꣬ԺȻĸ֣
ץסǰǸ㣬󣬴忴ɴӴҩڴıһ󣬽䴢һЩסǲܾȻ
ͷһҲ֮ȥ
ֻǣ룬ֻǧŰٸ˿˿ֺᵼ»⵹һ⡭ϵа취󣬾֮ǰƽ⽣ȵĴʱǸ취һ󣬽ǧŰٸȶ䲻÷ãȻͼ֮
ǣǸóϷѣ
˰죬Ҳû뵽ð취ϵŮӣǰˣڳϵУѾһǹɴĸоҲʧʲôʵزģϸ˫ȣѩ۹⻬ϸƤ
ĿƣϿԾŵĻ棬˻֮뾣ҩٽҩ뾣Ѫںϡ
ſţϻһ𣬡а취ˣܽ̽ˡ
ԺһԣżĳϣһãȻ֪롣


1105 һ漣㿴
ٲû𣬸ָĻ𣬸ʸֹܵĻ
ϱǿǻ֮ŮӵĽ
ǰڲۻԺģ⡰оɱ󡱣ûû¯áϰٸ¯رƷħʱ¯ѹ˷ħ
һĻĻĳ˲ڳԺޱȣšһţ
ԿɳԪȻҲܲ󣬾ۻѾ֤ܿ¯ȻҲܿƸ󷨣ڻ֮кڣǺý
ǰػɣͷųֵػǾ㲻ˣңԪҺΪ֧ţҲòŵĿݽߣǳ֮ǰȡҪǿĴڡ
ö֮󣬳ϥָʵǰǳƴɱϻûлһһسˢųϵӡ
֮ڣƬҶ³¶ٶȣѾ仯ʮʱһΣ³Һεٶȼӿ죬ʹһһǵȭԪҺӽڸɺ֮ʱ
ԪҺȫɺˣƬҶӣ᲻ԴȪһӿҺγ
ֻһ룬㽫ʷһԣóɳ̣ɳݣǧŰٸȶӴҩ
ңõžΪӣһһش򿪣Աھҩõ棬һھѣһԵѣɱ䣬
һߣڵŴÿһϣرϣͻؿ󷢳⣬Ϳȷţ½пܴڵ
ֻǣҲֿ֪ԱȽСϾ֮ǰҲûԹɶûԳ֮ǰ˵ӦܡΪ˹ӲдЩʱգ
ͬʱϵҲͷ⣬贫󣬽Ӹߣǣ뵽ϵвͲˣңҲоԼͷϵӣô򵥣һľսĸоġ
ԣֻʵʵأһֿһֿܵԡ
ͬһʱ̣½ϣһ൱Ůӣһ״ֻʱţ󣬸һŮ׷ɱһ˿Ůӱӵķü˵ķȥģ
߱𣿡
ŮӻصӽĻ϶ҪǵԣҪһѣܹ֮ٴ߳
ȥ֮ﻹ
Ѿδǵˣÿο˱֮Ȼһһ⣬ˣԵ̫˵ܴ߳иоǵĴͻΣգԣһԣǱҪ֮ǰ£̤Ůӣüͷ˵
ӵͷͣٶȶȻӿ죬ǰ׷ȥǱŮУҧݵһӽҵһ
ţ³һھѪ״Ȼ٣
ٻصͼڴ½ʮ죬ŸݲԺļأƶһ󷨣Դ澣ڵӴҩȻҲֻǴȷϾϻû̽ʱҪġ
ʮʱϵָ۷״̬ÿһϸ޻óиоǣԪҺӾƷףнϴ
˵ԪҺγһ̵Ʒһ׵ĻѾﵽף
״̬Ҳǵﱥ״̬
һҪʼһƴḶ́ɹܾȵþþԣҲõջ
Ժųϵľ״ֱ̬Ҫһ춯ص£ֲ֪Ҫʲô£ʱһֱǱ˵صףػǱȥ
С
Ժһ䷿ҲܹǱɲͨ
صǧ״ŵ֮𣬵Ȼɽصǰ㽫̸ɸɾֻ΢һЩ㹻֮Ļܺ󣬱ص
һ̣һְӶѡ
ԺȫûлعֱֱųϣͻתԲԺ˵ˣҴһ漣㿴˵úţ
漣ʲô漣
Ժ֮ʱѾķȥԺȻ뵽һܣĪҪȻܰҲȲôܴ漣
ϱĿ˫ֻ£ػһģһĻ棬ն

Ժһ


1106 ˣ
ǵػӳϵＤԺ˵벻׳ʲôֶΣô̵ʱڣʩչػ𣬲Ժв뵽Īղڵػĵػ˶٣Ҫõػʲô
ڲԺɻ֮УԴԴϽ˻뾣ڣû֮̽žڵľ̻Ÿʱ
е֮֮ͨʽھѪ۳һһСЩСҪǧŰٸϣȴֲܴЩҩ쳣仯
ƴ󹤳̣Ͼ廨һһһߵزһһ󣬴ӽŵ׵ͷȻϱ۾һУڳԺ
ڿֿܣĽȣǰϵ裬ӽڱţôûңǷˣܵġ
½ϣԦ״ŮӣǰһƬɵĴڣһԥس˽ȥһŮ״ŭֱţȻȥˣһ㣬ֻһ㣬ǵУǺãʦãѵǾֶ𣿡
ʦáŮӣü˵ֶܿأȻʲôĺҲճ϶ܲӦΪҲ֮ʣǳֽץס켴ʲô⡣
ŮӸһȴǾȻ׷˽´󺧣Ų·ǰȥ
תۼ䣬ʱߡ
Ѿ֮󲼵ദʱûгʲô©һжĿ֮Уʣµ֮һȴء
ڵϵĲԺѾ˼ˣ˵ڼĵػԺƱȵػеĵػҪˣܼôػģǡ
뵽ǸܣԺһԼ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬Գ˵һζһ䣬ǶԶ˵ǾǶ꣬ôֿܣԵòˣҪԲǸӦáҪɡˡ
½ǸŮ˵ͬÿһӶ൱ڹһôΪÿһӣʱ䣬ҲһӵĿ֪ʲôطֻ֪ˣ׷׷ʮֵý˿̣ǰһĹȣʲô֪϶Σ֣̤ȥһ̣٣û˿ɣ˽ȥҲǲУֻһͷ뽫ץס
졣
ӿһƻ磬һھüģѾɣҲɣۣԺҲǸպת
켴Ժ㿴ϳȥ˻棬ʱԺгҪҵĹ١ԺȻֹΪûбըҲûлޣȻǺúõģãһͷڷƮƮ䣬ǧ裻ѩ׼ɢһ㵭Ĺ⣬ƽʥϢ
ֻڽյ˫֮ϡ
ʧȥ˻֮Ͻ̯ӿ壬ÿһϸÿһӣˢϲµÿһ
ʮʱ֮󣬾۽ëգһ£ӣֶһ£ƵʾͱȽϸˡ
ָҲڲˣ΢ĺҲˣǾ˵ĴҲڲ
һļ󣬶ػָ
ʱ󣬾Ƥ̧˼£أۡ
һˮ崿
ϵЦݣ̫һ㣬ɲſɹˣˣ
Ҳһ̣ϸо˲Ծǹӿ۾㲻һһɣһŹһ¯ǻԭڳǰһУǰֱѪţ
ϲʥˣرܿйˮ֮Ʋסֻ棬һĻһĻڳϵԺֹɼ
㡭˭
ŮӼѵʳ͵ػعҡҡͷն⾳֣˵ġŮӵ۽ǣ飬ôֱֱĿųϡ
Ůſ۵һ˲䣬½ϣŮһ̶ˮԴ׷ɱŮӳ״ʱоĽţǴʲô
˿̣ͼڴ½ϣоĶϣͻסˣΪǰĴɢ⣡
˵½ϵĳһ󣬽ͨˣ
Сץסϣ˳ķ׼ŮӷµĳϣͨϢʱסˣ˫鲻ԽؽŮӣ§ý
ţԻؼˣܻؼˣ


1107 ҽо
ܻؼҵϲãϵ˷ܣһߵ۷壡
ԺֳһϤӰϳУлһ߻ӣоʹûнкȴǽʹ
뵽ԼץԶԼã뵽˱˹עǧҩԼڻϿ˵Ҫһŵ֮գֹ֮ա
Ƴˮһӿʲôˣ۾ſڵϵĲԺŭڡһ£ȼգɻ硭
ͬʱҲ뵽ԼǱ˭ȵģ̧ͷգӿųϣﲻͣϵϢȻǣǳϲõĿ⣬رʱŵůţԿĥӡǡ
ĳڻؼϲеĳϣǲ֪мź뷨ֻǽøˣȷʵסɱǼȴһ
һ̡תǻһʱ䣬һ̡ǹӵأʼĳţʱȴóϴϲлعأҪȥһֽ֣䱧˻Բ𡭡
ҡ
˵ЩѣټϳӣȷʵЩ˼
Ͽľ״Լ·£ס˵ϣ˫վڵϣ·ǿȴβסӣЩʧȴܿ۾峺С˵ȥնеĹصȵȵϣȫռһرǴϣһ㶼١
СץŶˡ
ţϽĻвԺͼľݸӹһϳǳõֱʣų˵ҽС졣
ϵͷһ֮Ӧ似ݸ죬˵̺ŷǳӴʹõľаٷ֮Ҹ棻似ȥʵӦĲΣվͻһһ򿪣⣬ͼڴ½ϵҲԲοο
˵һѣ˵壬þգҪøǿоһڵѪСݼһеĸ
㶵صűӹ似Ŭ˵ÿһ֣˵󣬳ϸץԺھǰ˵㱨
Ժˣ˵Ҫһ·ġ
ûİ취
ϸԣЩŭɶһţ˲Ժ߳ȥһ̣͸о̲һӴһţҲֱӽĲԺȥǰһѪܵģĿĵѪ
⡭
ûôòԺȥԼڵҲǾޱȣ˵Ҹһⲿ⣬ڣͼڴ½ϣҲһǿߣ
Сץסϻˣһɵؽ쿴ĶǴһ𣬳Ͼʶž޴ãҲ¶ģҪĥ͸
һ֮󣬳Ŷϣȷնȫϣ
ϿųֱӾʹĴȡһӾɵˣϽصǵģȫ϶ˡ
˵ǰ˵ģ½ϣҲնĴڣ
ʣͻءǡһ֪ٻعͷȥ룬Ȼʶʲôǣֱܿط֣ѾõĻᣬֻˣԣֻʱϻŹʵػصǰǸԴ½䣬󲿷ִ½Ͼϵ֮󣬾Ͳ֪ˣԿ϶ǣȷôһڡ
ﵽ½ҪͶʱ䣿ֱֱŶϣƽϵĶ˵Ķϣؾ˵ʵĴ𰸡
һӣ
ϵͷһ˻صǼ侲⣬Ͻ̽룬̽ŴÿһṹղĴӳ֤ţһʱ֮󣬳ס֣ŶϣϾ쵽˲кҪҪɱҡҡ
ʲôԭ
˵꣬ջǹӿһغתԾ˵㿴ǰʱǸ춴𣿡
˵ͷ
ڵʵܹɴ춴صϣ⣬նĶÿϵģԴߡϵݸһָá
ǡ
ϴĻ죬ðһ顣


1108 ˭
Ҫһ£ǳˣæ˵˵һ
ˣһʱָǰĴ󣬼˵㽫ˣһ㶼Ҫʣ£ȫҵ÷飡
ûΪʲôֻǺ֣ص˵һ䶼ٵ
һ㶣˵ͷȷʵף֮Ҫҵ󣬾ǲ½ˣͨͼڴ½ȥ½˵һʱȻΪԷһ
Ȼ½նţͲ֪ͼڴ½ʲô飬Ҳûпϵ½Ҫһпܶҡ
˵½ˣҪǴͼڴ½˵Բһ飡
ˣԽռĻǾͲǳֹˣ󣬳ϽСڱŻž죬ھ죬ϻ˿˿˿޹鰮Ϊȳģĳһ˵ǳϴģо޾Ѫ
ʦƳķʦľѪĵҩرһ
˼ǧȴ֣أ
֪Ϊʲôͻػѿʵǻܹ𣿡
һ̾Ϣ⣬Ҳͼڴ½ϻ˵Եټɣ
˵꣬ϱЦݵСڣ̤˴󣬴һϵʱоһɲɿܵδ֪ռ䡣
Ѿʧˣ컹ڷ㶣ΪԺֵضһλҪټҵŬգŶУҵгϣ
콫仰׽˺ü飬һģһҪգ󣬾عѾٷһ
½̶
Ӱתתȥһ˵ҾͲţŮ˻ʧ˲ɣ
ϸһ㣬϶ڸ
̶Ůǧ̶ܴĳһЩµĴڣһڸˣڵǸղĽţǲʲô˯Ķ̶ϵˣ뿪ʲôǿ޳ǸߣΪѰȥҵģ
ϣŮӽĿ̶ϣǡòõأ̶һ⣬̶ˮˣŮ̶ˮΧ
ٶȼ죬վλϣŮӸպóΣͬʱ֣ס̶Ͽգͬһ˲䣬̶ŮΪ̶ˮʲôֲ޳˳ҲԦʹη̶
顭
һ죬ηϿײ֮ûгȥˮϣ
˼״ͬʱЦһ˵Ĺ֮·ʹ˽ˣԹ־ܣǻȥɣʵۻĵһ˸أ
ΰɣһ죬һὫԴָڸĸķǰ
ǿЦûһˣ㲻ԹԾܣǿɾǻ֣ݻˡ
ɫһ䣬¶״Ҫ̶ˮǱƣ̶ˮûϥǣȴһھѪηϣֱϿճȥ
Ȼһαˮ棬ɫһƬ԰ףǸʦáűĵ˵˵Ӳ˵ģЩСϷѾ̫ˣڵ㣬ӳ岻ȥҲ䲻̶ȥ
£̶ˮ㶳˺һ
ŮӼ˵ҵĺ㻹ӵõ
Ӷȥգ֮䣬ʹĽģؿϣǲӣֱ´Եͣ۾žҲͬھľȻ
Ůӵ⣬ѾĵѨԱͬھܣǰ棬ΣһΣ㻹𣿻˭ûУߵ·ˣ
̶Ȼ˸
ͨϸоһɴ˷ϮѹЩѹǿԣ첻˺ҧȨˣȥ̽صĴͨȴ̽ֻоһƬ
ֿռѹı֮£ϷԼֹͣڳ𾳽ͦʱΪͻƵļ󣬸о仯Ǵã֪ͻƣǾϵƴɱþȫĵľȻ죬ͼڴ½ϵĻۣڿռѹ֮£Ҫˡ
һֱĬʱ䣬ؼҵʱ䣬Ϣˣߣţ塭
һ
γ̶
̶ϣһȥץ


1109 ûȤ̫С
񺮱̶
ϸһʱӱ̶ûʲô󶯾෴˵⣬һ̾Ϣˡ
ɵأֱӳȭˣҪøһ㣬⻹ӣ½
һ֮󣬳ϲŴĻ̶ˮ⴫󽨵ÿ湻صģ֪һжԶҪǡ

һ̧ͷϷ滹бԣԪˮԵ򣡡꣬洫Թҵħưɣ
ˣ
˼ǳȥ¶Ǵ뿪˵ʱһ𣬡жˣץŽǸϽߣ
һ˿˿ǡ
֪÷Խȥѡˣ˼ѾҪˣ
£ϼȭȭ
ɭɭڶ˲ֳײڡϡ

¡һը죬мӣŮʩչġ򡱸ǱƵһɶԪĴɢ̶ڶ̶ߣŮâݴ䣬һѪ켴ߵķݣ󵹷ɶȥ
ȭ͵ܣһŮˣץӣҲһͬ˳ȥֻ۾תĽĿϲ֡
ţһˮһɲǣ̶ˮ䣬Ͽ˳˽һѣ̶ߣʣӶš
˿ϣٿԱߵĽϵĺȥɫҲָɴΪѪͷΪһνҲѲ˵ʱ򣬽һα̶ͻȻðһ˸ˡ
ۻ˭Ľ֣
˭
Ψһһû˵ˣʵ
һʣϵüΪӵΪ˭֣ϣòڴ졢롢Խڣ˲֪˲˵ЩѾʩչ֮ǿߡ
ǲʶֻ˵ﲻǴΧ
ôһ˲䣬ϵǲ½ϵ˵Ҳ֪½Ҳͬ绮ֵģʵ½
ϻﲻ½ʲôӺţ˵һһŮѾȡҩ̷ٴγΣ뻹δĽΧ
½ҾͷĶˡ
㵽ʲôˣȻԣ
ʲô
ϵ˵֮£תԪҺԪ壬ûзʲô򣬾Ͱѽڵĺۻˣһϴˢƾͻָһ롣
ھ׵ľϲ֮Уϲöųϣ˵仰еȴǷŭغʲôһǵΪȻ˵ʲôʲô
е˵ţʦȴʧȵʦ֣ǳͻƣнͻƣ
ͻƣ
Ҳһɵ㶣켴쳤ЦСӣĺ˥ȻʱͻƣעΪнˡ
ھϲ֮еĽҲסˣôѵһǲӳ𣿡꣬뵽ԣ棬ҸղŻź캮ͨĳ𡭡
ôһ룬ɫõöˣԳ˵ʲô֣ǹȴǹƼĹټˣҪű˾ҲԼ̬ŵúܵͣơ
ϡ
ϣң㵱콫Ĵʥ𣡡
ûȤ
ϲ֪ʥʲôҲûȥʣֱӻ֣ȴŶӣЦ㻹콫콫ѾˣҲǹˣңһһҪ˵ʥ㸸ĸǻҲᱻľЦ
û˵ң㵱ٰո콫ʱ콫Ů콫Ļʵۣ
ûȤ
Ͽһ۽ҡͷ֡
ˣ콫δ֮ʱŮװȥЩ˵˽£оһ£һӢ۾һλѵĹȻһ飬ӢΪոҸһ
죬Ĺ£䵽ͷϣǰ벿֣˵һģһǺ벿֣ôͲһأţʵΪʲô
˵̫Сˡ
һ˵ҵĲСˣҵѾ˵ţͦزԴ֤ĲСˡ
ͬʱź캰ʦ֣ʦ֣֣


1110 һƣ
֣
źһȣһ㶣źû֣ٴδȵ֣
ʦã㼱ʲôһͻенʲôвɶǸ߽𣬾ͻˣҲǵĶ֣οͻƳɹĻһڡ
ѵ˸ղŵ£ҵĺ򣡡
ɫЩˣ˵ղ򣬿϶Ѿþȫ
ʦ֣
һ²ٻɣɱȥ
ϣŬԼظǸֱøĽɺЦҡҡͷִţֽز̧øߣţĲСˣҪԣ԰
Щ˺ˡ
ǸС㿴С
ܽͲСˡ
ϻһ˵ڣ֪Լû˵Ҫٴν˵ʱźѾɱȣͬʱڿգ
򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
ɱһߣԪҺתּ䣬򡱡ڤľ򡱡ֱͬʱ򡱶ˡ򡱣ڤľ򡱶ˡ򡱣򡱶ˡ򡱣ǡǻ˽ľˮ
Ͻһ֣ź졢ɫ䣬һرȻǸ߽Ҫϲ٣ĳǿɲͨĳرУѾǰǰ϶ˡ
ɫֺ֮ȵʩչֲͬԵڴӳͻƵнڵܵö٣û㹻ٴʲôãűֽһƣ
һƣԣ
һԣŸͬʱײը죬̶ˮóɸߣеըɢը˷ȥ
ըź˵򣬾ͬһصˮɢǧˮ֧ˣˣֱ򵹷ȥ
ô
𾪵˵ţղһУ֪ȫϣһʱ򣬳˳⣬ͻƵʱΪΪͻƵʱ򣬼Ҫþȫȥǲݣһﻹά򣬼ܣ϶ҲǴޱȣɸղŵûһ˿ֽӣֱͭǽڶҪͭǽڣ
⻹𾪵ģ̧ͷʱֳϵͻƣڼһʱ䣬㶵ϵʹˡ
Ҫһԣ
ЦŶ˵

ʱһУƿ𣬴ھ֮״̬źˣһڴ˴ͣҲץץˣµһȾܡ
ûסǣȴǷǳ
ΪУڽֻһֻƼһ͵شһѴӺ潫ϱסǸΪܴزڳϺϣﲻͣҺ££ҡ
㱧ңҸ£
ҾʲôˣңҲ£𣿡ʱĽȫûʱǣٱϿ
ٴֻ˵𾴵ĹſС֣һͻСϵһ仰ʲôĶûȥΨǸС֣ʮֵ
ʱ类ҧһ㣬ҵ治СˣôͲأ˵ţ߽زڳϺ󱳣ҡȥġ
ðɣĺܴ˰ɣ˵ţ˾˵Բһˣȫһ٣ζܿѾ㹻ˣŮˣΪ쵹ǺټˣǰôѣһȭΣȻжԶ߶Զ
ʱõشĽһȴĵ˵˵С
С
СҲٶˣҪȻôʾ磿

˵ٶ꣬ϲɻһǿǿ̱˳ɤǸ˵ٶ꣬˵ֵഺ𣬻Ҳ˰ɣǸպð䡭
Ŷҵ˼ǣ㿴С
֪ʲôͯվ飬˵˵ˣˣкܶϲһڵģϲ𣿡˵ţزӿ
Ϻˣʵǹ
ʵ
֦Ҷͯվ飬ǲǸȤ
ʵڲˣתߣȴͻؿǰ棬ֻո뿪źˣԾٶȣ˻ľ̡


1111 
Ͽź졢˵ɻоΧ϶̵ԭ򣬳ϲ֪巢ʲô£ֻȫ䱸ţ֮ǰĻǶη֮飬ø߽η壬Ȼһ㡣
رţزųϣ˵ţӢۣˣӢ۾ˣ
ҲӢֻۣǹ·ġ
˵˵ȴǴʵֻ·Ҫص
ӢۣˣңͱӢۣҡǳӵ˵ţһ˳ϵӣźȴѾˣˡ
ˡ֣ڿգĥŵĽҲͻش˸סϵ˫֣øˣﲻͣ˵Ӣۣܣ뿪
ֻǿԳʺɫûжΪǽź˿־ޱȵġѾǴ˷Χϵ£Ҳ֣ӣ
ź˽Ǹ߽ϽˣٶȻɱЩ޹̶״ԵЩ㣡
ܿ죬֮ܵΧסˣ˷еԪȫͷųƴչš򡱣ҪɢЩ
Ȼ̡󣬡ʧˣϵԪʧˣǷķȦûˡ
ϣĽţűûˣССҲûˣԴ˾ûˣ
źУ³Ѫʩչط֮˷ǺİģҲֻгڵĵطˡ
۾͵һĹâǰĺȳӵеʴ⣬޿ƥУֻҪһ壬ǻĩǸѳȥֻܿΪʵѹƣû㹻Ϊû㹻ʵҲֻһ
ǰ߽ǰֱһֻ棬һԪٷܣҲˡ
ԳϴʱڵƷף֪֮ͻ̫Զ˵Ϻһĳ嶯ǣϽ嶯ǿѹȥǿޱȵĺҪǽӴһ˲ͱ٣еѾѪص½ȫû塣
ʱԱߵ̶̶ˮֱǧɸߣ̶ˮһȻ̶˷ŭĿХɿХȻͿ˺ްɣȻԱȳ̶ʮٶȣ̶
ȻȻҲº
ϿúղŵȻޡԣ
ٶȣԽԽˣҲסţʦãңʦáȻźûȥܵøˣϢ㵽˳ǰֱӶԳ˵˾ңңСŮҲδʹ޸Ҳӡ
ϣ㲻ܾǻˡ⽹Ȼǽģźһ۽ز˵ҵҲС
ľͱҵС
˵ϷǳŮֵĶʱˣıĴССʲôãںǰҲֻлҷķݡ
Ͻ̽һ̽ȥ;ֱˣ϶˵һ̶ΪһֱѳϱýҲŽ̶ź״Ҳҵ飬Ծ̶֮С
һ䣬ף֮ǰڵĵطǡ˵ǰҾ̶ˮ֪ߵʲôôûأ
˼ת뵽ϴǲйأʵ֮ǰŶʱ䣿
ҵӰɡ
һ㣬ʱպǺϣ뵽ѵܻص½ͯվĹԭôɺϵ飿
ͷһϼ䣬ţԿ϶Ǳղŵľײˣų̶ģǣأ˷Χ̶ĪҲΪţôܱأ
벻һˮԵź죬Ҳ䵽˳ϸǰ׹ٶ죬кԣźѾû˵ףĵȫڳǶҪǿߣ⼸һŮ˵ıܷӦ
ɫһǹͯվ飬һǸ߽ŮǰӵţһҸжûУΪŮѾĳһλĴС
ϱ뽫ź𿪣ɿһ۽︡һ⣬ҲΪˡ
׺󣬳ֹͣŮҲΪǰ̶ԣѪڣֱֱۣͭضˣ


1112 
ԣצͭ۾תһĽթɫ
Եһɲǣźͬʱ§ýԶز֣һ˵ְɣٲ֣˭Ҳˡ
ź죬ź쿴Žԣȴ˭Ҳû֣
צ̶ˮڿϷ
֣
һȣŮͬʱɿ
˺󣡡
ԹԵ˵ȥȻźǰɱϴʱõں氵ˣˣ˵ź챳͵ϮҲô׳ɹġ
ΣǰצԣΣֱȶϴĶҪ󣬲Ҳк֡
ʱһ𣬡Сӣӵұ㻹ͦ޸İ
ȫȫźŮģǾ仰Ȼǳ˵ģ϶ǰצԣ˵˵
үүȻ˵ˡ
צһ˦βܰ˵ƺϲϵɫ
ڵޣ
ź뽫һгʱ뵽޼СӣСӻֻڣڳׯϻ˺ۣǰһֻڵĵޣȻĿǰ֪ħʮϵĵȼȴ֪ޣ϶˵ˣܲ
Ϣȴצԣܻ𣿡
һ黬ЦݵצԣͻסˣǷǳԻı飬ЩӲչ˵ǻ𣿵үү׳Ϊʥޣܻˣүүʥ֮Ѿ޽ӽˡ
˼ҲȻܻˣ
ϵһֱצԸŻùǺצŭˣСӣүүŭˣүүҪһһڽҧˡ
켴צһ̣޾̶ˮ̵ĸ̶ˮֹвųˣϽ״˳źһȣ򣡡
Ȼηռͱ̶ˮˣצһצץη˵Щ˼ֲҴ
һߣͷųź죬ȴǾȵط֣ûк֣Ȼ̶ˮź쾪֣ɳĮҲʩչ򡱣ֺ񺮱˴أ뺮ͬԴ̶ˮȻʩչ˹󣬿϶ֻצйˡ
Сүүĵͱ滨ˣ̶ˮͲʹġצٴεĳϣצ˵һݣʩչˮ򡱡
Ȼצ˵ˮ򡱸ʹ
үү˵ǻţԡ
üо̶ˮ̺ĳֹֹʹʩչ뵽棬ΨһӴԶˣ˿̶ˮеĹ򣬱ǰˮƽĻ֮ǿ̫̫ࡣ
ͬʱҲ˵ãҾԡ
Ҫԣûʩչʲô䣬ڹǰֽҪԵģȻƹƹ򡭡
֮һһѹȭͷ棬ʮ˰˲ۺ϶צԾЩԾˣЦݣųϣСӣô̺Ӵ
ȭ
ûȥצô֪ģֻǽڶȻǱ֮е̶ˮһͻرצһ㶣켴ȵСӣʲôȻүүĹεˣ
εǻε¡ţצ˵ɸٽһȭ
Сӣ㻹ģ
㲻ң
֪ߵغСӣүү棡
צһ˵̶꣬ˮʱʲˣӿϣһξۼеһصѹʮƴؽԪҺȡ
йŹ֡צԶųϣţСڵң滹һɣүүЩµСʲôͷ
˴ΣϻڻצԶЩͷˣСӣҪ־Ϳ㣡
ʲô
үүҪų㣬Ůˡ
ȭ
צԸ˵꣬һ֮ǰܸʢʮĺڶȻצԣʱĳֹɲ̶ˮͻȻңߵ̶ˮʧȥ˷򣬻Ҳѡ
С
צԵһֻ鵽һ룬צԱ˵СӣȻϧүүˮ֮򣬲Ƶģ
£Ҳ̶ˮȻȫӿһͷϸ£


1113 Զ
һͷȴһͷ
׼ȷ˵ˮ֮򹹳ɵͷ
ʲô
ϴ˿̻û͸ȴ֪
צԿųϣɫǼΪֻҪͷ£ǸǹŹֵʲôڶһӾͻᱻͷˢøɸɾ
Ȼͷ£ڶûѷ飬ǽֵסҪͷȥצԴһڶδŹֵ̫˰ɣһֻС棬ҲүүĹ򣬼ֱԲѰ·
ţצԵһצӵһˮˮͷƷ仯ͷؾ˺ڶ״롰ȭĺڶţɣ
үүҪ˭˭ĺڶ˭ĺڶŹ֣
צ˵ϷȡڵԪҺѹȵȣԴԴϵڶ
תۼ䣬ʮϢʱɹ
צԶųϣ˵̺治צһ٩֪צԣûнֻǽһצȫ֣ԼпܱצһиˣΪڵĳϣѾǽ߾ȫ
ܣȻ
Ͼ̾ţóϸӾ̾Щҵģ̶ߵĺǿצԣǺҲֻĶӵ
֪ǺǶôǿĴڣ֮ǰûѹ³嶯Ǻȥֺпܾһɢһ˿ټûС
ʮʮϢʱţצɫЩأҪάǰڶҪצԺһֲ֣ǣΪզСӣȻ֧ôʱ䣻ңǸ̺ˮ֮ĺڶȻвеƣ
Ȼүүֻʹһ𣬲ҪΪнôӵ£СӺڶ̫ڹŹ֣ҲһɺԪȴֲԪүүоϢڻһүү
צŵʱȴˮڶֱϺڶһСȥè̬צһŭֱӺȵ
ʱˮ֮ûɵĺڶȻըˣȭĺڶҲըϡãڶըӴޱȣ˱ըֱˡ
ųվǰ棬ּԪָڽˣԣ󲿷ֵ˳ϣݺײڳؿڣϴѪˣŮҲѪɫ԰ס
Σʱ̣ϵ֣۳УצǱըɢĺڶˮΣߵνڣ˵֮ڡ
ߵ̶ˮ̺Ź
Ҫߵ̶ˮ̵ʶһ¹
ͬʱצԺ˵ٹŹүүһ㶼棡СӣүүúˣүүҪ㣬ʵôǿ϶ܺóԣ˵⣬үүһӾͻƵʥ޼ˡ
ЦţצצץȥһΣôӲˣֻܱһצץʵצһûʩչߡӣȴһ޴Сڵ˳
ӣ
צһ㶣צһͣ󣬲ᣬץϣʱСһХſХһѹɢ
ХֱצצӴһ飬ϾȻ¶η֮飬ŸܵǹѹצԵĺצһܵؾҪСڹ¡
צǿֹסɱܣСڣȵ˭
£
Ժֱӻص֣צԵη壬һ㣬ͬʱҲΪŭˣүүҡ
£
үүƫ򣡡צԶסѹҪó̫ˣôĴڣôӵһֻҪǿأ
Ȼ˿צҲ֪ǰӣֻǱ󣬶
Сںȵṉ֤̀Զ
һצԺצ˲ˣռ룡
ƾʲôʲôʵһ
צҲԳơүүСһߣɫâһâԳֻצצԼ״ֻһֱӲŵצ䡱ؾ
צԷˣˡ
ϿﲻֻצС¶ʮɫʮצצԻֱӸˣħ޵ȼĺɭϣ
СһߣָģĵצԵͷϣצԲа˿춯ۣͭһòС
źں棬ȫǿɵˣһֻһͷԣͬʱ¶ͷܷŹӢۣ
ĨȥǵѪצԣô¶


1114 ׷
ô¶
֮ǰצʻֱӾһצȥڣצһԴվŵСڣʲôжԵˡ
λˣô͸СأצƼƣȴòԳ˵Ҳ֪ʲôͷүҿһֻʥ޳ͱˡ
ʥޣûˡͫһʵʮħַ֮Щȼ
צһ۶ޡޡʥޡޣҾͲ֪ˣеޣǱ޸߽׵Ĵڡ˵צԿСһۣⲻ۾ٴһ˿η֮⣬˵еģֻܿףһһŸߵĲν

뵽ССѾüΣȴ֪֪ȥ򣻻뵽СӣСһޣҲǷͬ죻뵽˱ܣһܵʱ򣬲ֻоŽףǷֱѾоŽף˵ܽ׵Ҳͦ죬ôȥ֪ڣֵʲôľ硣
ͼڴ½һУǸ˵ɽص׵Ǿ߸ߴܵ񣬳ʼǻ֮ȥܾм䣬ʲô
Щйɵģûйɣ
צһʣͻͲεĺȷú֣ǰĺȻ˵Ҳûйɣǣʱ򣬶һһ͹ΣҿǴ˷̶ۼģʲôĿһ
ʲôĿģ
ϽüȻϬޱȣӿ𲻰֮飬˵˴⣬ﻹ߳·𣿡
ôˣ
צԷʣСֱСצצһ£צԵʱоʹȴֺܼƵ˵Ǳ뾡뿪ȻΣˡ
ʲôΣյģצԺ⣬ǳŵ˵ȻұȲЩ׼һǣ󣬾жҴҵĵ̡
צԸ˵ֱ꣬СһצԺŨġ֣צԻȻ˵Ǵ󣬴󡭡
еĲԽԽأСƨצ˵Ǻأ
ܵġצҡͷûдܴģôܡ
һˡءֻû³צۣͭ͡šֹͣת˲両ŨŨĿ־壬ͷתӣСڵһʱĵ˳ϵĻҲʶʲôתߡֶצԺȵϣ
ʱˣ׸ʲôϽӰɡ
צԵҲᣬֻСжԶܶԶո˵꣬СڵԺҵʹôϻ

Σʱ̣צ⻰Ҳɵˣ˵ĵôһСӣצ벻ףȴǽź뽫ϯʵﻹ·𣿡
У̶ֱߣ·ͨȥЩһҿǲ𡭡צԻ˵ţϴСڣȴһɳ˲ʧצԵǰһֱϵצԣϵٶȣݺһѣСӣܵܵô졭ŵͬʱצҲǼ׷ȥ
˵֮ʣѾתʮΣٶȵȻܿ죬Ȼһֱûлعͷȥ֪϶Ǻ̶ˣʲôĿģǳģǳСģ
벻ףֻǶצ˵ȥĹ򣬸̶ˮĿȨ
ƾʲô
ţצֱӾͺ˳СһߣצٲԸҲջǳȥĹ뵽ϸղŵٶȣСӸòỹʲôֶΰɣ
˫ץˮɱɽɽڲػԪӱ߲ǻûлصùĽź죬ˣ֮ǰǿʩչͬڵˮɱͯվĹסؼצˬʲô𣿸үү죡
̶ˮٶڵ˵˲٣ǣȴûʲôܵסҲ׷һ̣
ǴѧһֻҲûģܵºϾ֮ǰֱӻֻϣܻһٶȡ
ʲôļһצԣڲצ˵·ͨȥĵһ̣һֻ𭣬Ѿǽʥ޼𣬻ˣ


1115 
𭣿
֣ϲ֪ʲô֪һֻʥޣܹˣ͹ˣ֤ǱצԻҪĴڣ
кǰʥ޷𭡣
ڳһ˵Ǻʥ޷𭣬ǼпǵĴڣ˲佫ʥ޸޺޼ĺ˵ǰлһ·ڣ
Ͼϣвɱдڣ
һ˲䣬Ͼ뵽ַȥӦֻ𭡣
Ƭʱ֮󣬳ϲٲ󣬼ٱӵͬʱҲΪƴɱ׼צԿųϣ۾һθֳ˾ȣ˿Ѿ̶ˮǧǧɴѹһǿ߿ԳܣŵǸ߽ҪסҲѹһ̲ѪˣǣֻнΪСӣȴǳסѹҲûмʲôԪγɷ֮࣬ƾסһһӡ
ֵ
צԼԼóۣǴֿѹȻҪֵס޴ѹҪôǿУ
ʱצ뵽СڣԺĬĬ˸СӣҲûе꣬צֵСȻүүȣǰǷ𭰡һôúɷ𣿡
û˵Ұһȴǽͨ˹֮צԴһԱߵ촦ȥ
ʱ˵ȳȥ֪𭣬׷
ƾʲôҪĻ
צ˵˵꣬ͺˣȻԺѾˡҲצԴףֻҪСڣôǸٵСӣ
ˣצԻЩ˵϶ŵģô˽أǿ϶ǲܵġ
ûʲôϵϵ˵ּԸצԴҪôצֱüͷΪЩ¿ȫûеһеѰ·ӣϲûйצԣ˵ֶ֮С˵СڣͷǧҪ֡
Ϊʲô
Сڷǳɻ󣬳뵽Ĺ죬ûСڽͣɵ˵Ҫ֮ĥ£ܳɳ˵һս֮ҵΪһͻƵ߽Ҳһ
ˣ
ٴζҪסˣ򲻵ѵʱ򣬾֣ܳ򣬾Ϳܹһġ
סˡ
һһ꣬צԾʹһ죬һ֮أһըܣСӣʥǾ㣬㾹Ȼҵʥĵȷʥвˣ
ǰҲģǺ̶Ϊ˻Ҳòǰĵǰһ·ͨצһտʼѵʱȫģ

ﻹһĨңɻûϢʱ䣬ָֻ˵Сӣ㻹ƭʥʱ¹̶ˮĵԽԽˡ
˵ţһɫӰʮͻأسǰһʤѩĿ㣬ܺеЩһϸߵͣưƮӳϵɨźֱӱ⣬ʱĿ⵹ͣһϢĿ͸¶ģȻӣֻǵĿСʱϣ˿˿ʡ
ʱצѾˣ𭣬үүӣһǰ㻹ҪҲ룬үүô㣬ҪǺ׷ʲô
⣬һסˣצ˵Ļ˵ȫϣ˭»˵ţ
ѵǺ׷
ʱ䣬צѾǱװ㹥ȥһˮֱӿ𭣬ңצԻһڣ˳ˮУһȣˣ
ˮֱĻ̺ˮ֮ˮ£һ㽫ססһͷһظ֮ŭСӣ㻹ҶԱʥ֣
ƴһѣ
צԵܱ׳ȴΣһƣһƬҶžƮƮ£ֻĴָҶת֮䣬ͱһ׼һڼţҶͣ˷ͷϡ
ϣצԳֵһɲǣҲ֣˸ͷǿŴϵõӡ
ʮһһ֮


1116 ÷ħ
ʵ㹻ʱ䣬㹻Ĳϣϵ벼¡󡱣ΪѾϳ͸Ҫǣܽ涼סġ󡱣סһܴԽյķ𭣿
ڴʱ˿ֻ̣ܲһƤǳӦĲ
ϿգͿǳ
ɳ뵽ɳĮ֮ʱͬûǳҲЩɳҷˡ
ߣϲ󲻳ɹҲٳһɱУ
⣬϶ģǸǵľҲһΨһĵľǣ½ϵǳͼڴ½ϵǳǲһģ᲻ᷢá
ûãֻҪһʱܹ֤
˲佫˸ãһϤѹ𣬳ϵʱ֪½ǳһȻŴ
Ȼǿ˳ϵΪûнϷ˰˸һۣЩ򵥣Ȼûг֣צԸʰˣһȺ˾㣬Ӳȥˣʱôô棡
Ϸǳ˸߸ϵ̬һҧʣµͷӣһӦλϣһѪӿ죬Ӳ˻ȥ
е˼
εһɫ仯˳һۣ켴ָָһȣ
ʱƬҶ޴ü󣬻ϳ̺ˮ֮θǾ޴ͷצԡ
ϼԼʮһ󣬸˺˷𭣬㲻ϣ΢ֻ˵ħޣʵȻǷͬһ㣡
ۿצԾҪƬҶסǿ壬ɣ䲼ελϣղ£ۡһϴѪ
һɿֲӲ𣬿ƬҶҲҡβˮɳҶİҲڿʼ仯ֽŶüΪӴ󣬹ͷͻгļָðƬϳͷϻ롭
ΨһܱŵģΧҲװ׵ëס
Сӣ벻ʥῴ㣬Ȼֶֻϧһ㣬Աʥ˵ǲ̫Զˡ˵꣬һ𣬻ɢľɫâոմðۼס롢ëȣȫ˻ȥٶȻָӵ󣬾©ҶˮҲգٴαҶ
㻹ʲôһʹñʥƣ
ʮŵ˵ϻͷһ£ûӰټüͷ𭿴ȻһЦҪûõóֵĶˣǾ͸űʥˡ
ϵȻûֶˣƬҶѾ֪ĹľԵģʹˮ֮£һ飬ٴγƹǿɫâǡȭҲԵ̨ףҲҪٳɳ
ЩԣҲǲ뱩¶򣬾ڷո˵˲䣬ϵһӣͼڴ½ʱɽҪսǿӣ
ϾҪӣʮʮǳӦ
ǣϺڵ״̬ʵԳסµʮķɣһݣֳһŵҩ
Ƿħ
ħ£һɺƴӳϵðǣͷѸٱûҰףָѣһɫ΢΢仯ʲôҩȻһ˲ȡ˶
΢֮󣬷ֳЦȥҲҶ֣ͺĵøɸɾˣд棬ȴ϶ܳ㣡
Ҳû뵽ƵķħƷ֮ߣʲôʮֱ׷ˣҩ֮Ѹ٣׼ȵĳϣδ
ϽģϽӿ
ǣͿǱҰޱȵͷ±ڣƤҲָԭҴйòҲһ̬
⡭
һΣˣΪϵǿ󣬶ΪֳĹ죬ôӴҡ
оϵڼţϢ֮󣬷ħҩȫӳϻɢһɿֱֲóһܹ˺Ƶĸо
뱾ʥѾ̫Զˣû㣬ٴҲãڹǰͽȻѣ
˵ţ׼צ£
ϣӳӡ


1117 汦
һŷħǱǵʵֻΪ˲ӣһӳƤĵʮλϣϵʱһɿֱֲڣѹڵŸѪÿһϸ
˲併ٵϵӶѹˣֱҪѳϸѹڵϣѹѵƣϽħڵܣһƴȥ
أϵϵļֱֱͦȻϵ˫˸εʮǳ
֮ǰû
̷˷ħ䵽Ҿ֣û̷ħֻڸտʼǹУϾͻҷˡ
ڳֱֱͦһɲǣβ˵ʮǳλϣʱеǳܿոָķ𭣬ӦֱӱѹԭΣ
ӣϬţһ㣬ֻϬţͷϵֻǣ룬ǰֻţɵ״ϻԵľŸ룬棬һħ޳β͵ĵطҲһ룬಻٣պǾŸ룬ϸŵۼɢĺڹâһɺƴƴǳܿţ
ֻʱ̣ϵʹ֮ɫǵȻ޴棬ϵĻ⡢ƵӣҲһʱ䣬צԲٽˣӳҶİ
ӳצԣϻǾ֮ɫľԹ̫ǿˮԹ򱻴ҳһͿ״̬ղûӵóҶʵģΪҶϣʧϡ
צԵĿڳʱ˸Ŀ⣬ֱ𾪣ǳϵθצԴˣСӲʲô󣿾ȻܹƳԭΣȻǹŹޱȡ
𭿴צ˳Ÿһ˶ݳһŭ⣬ţֿ֮ǰȴŸ𾪵ĳϣ˵ƳʥԭΣкãѵ㲻֪ʥԭ֮ʱʵǿֲ𣿡
ֻѡ
Ǳʥĵ̣ʥӦǹȥ
ڱɱУƾһ㶣̶Ц㻹ɱУ㲼µ󣬾ɱаɣֻΪһ̷һֹĵҩûв£ôܳΪɱУת˵㲼Щϣǲģɣ㽫Щ󷨣еӣ͵ɹ·ѣϽʥʥǹȥ
ǻʮǳĹâصŷ𭣬˵ܹȻͨֻҪЩв󷨣϶νóȥЩܹأͷܴǳ
ǣóϽСڽȥǾǾԲܵ飬Ⱦָ
϶ŷ𭣬˵㶼ôˣҪٲɱУǾ̫ˡ͸һɴ̹׶ĵĺ⡣
ɫҲ˳֮ɫţѵСӻʲôвҵɱвɣ
ڷ֮УѾջȱЩȥѣҪջȴǱȽɣϣջʮһӣ
ţϺȵ
ʱŲ֪ʲô֣ȴ汦ӣըˣ
ըƥ͸ҪһеϢĩһ㣬һƬؾڿҡ籩еһСݡ
ĲҽұУҽȻԷ𭣡
汦ը֮Уӿȥֱһʯͷ㣬ըɢը÷飻ǰȥľԹҲǰҲû𣬸͵סƬҶֱӱըϡá
𭱻ƷȥϵļӲۼף鲻һɼɭɭ׹ǵѷ죬ǾŸ룬ֱը˰˸ƨһд棬еѪǿ
ըû꣬ȻŴݲУ
ˣ뵽汦϶ܴҲŴˣԸ÷ħٶ಼һҲ׻汦ӣȻû뵽汦ܹ֮ˣķ𭣬Ȳϴ˵еҲ޽ӽʵˣ汦ըǰһֻϣް㷴֮
汦ʲôķ
ŵͬʱԱߵצԸɸ׿һסزצţҪǰСӣⶫԸңҲֱӻҷˣ
һצԶԳϣη֮飬ҲԳүүˣ
ʱ϶צԺȵж
ǣ
أצӦһ


1118 նɱ֮
ǣ
צӦ֮󣬲ŷԼӦһ֣Ǹֱ˼ʲôޱȣǣӦצԣȴûкڣû׼ôĬĬˡ
Ȼצ򣬽һܻΣ˵ʲôһƷףѾ˵ķ𭣬õ
ܹ÷ԶĶϻʮ
ȻһǳҪԭ򣬾Сڣ
ǺһǡºצԾͽһֱ׼ŵһˮŴݲеķ𭣡
ʼ𭲢ûзֻ֣ƴҪıըܣ˵ѾˣܸоõֻҪܵסһܣа˳ϣܵҪָܻʱķûȥ룬ģֻҪ
ˣ
һ룬ֱڿգų۹⻪һӭ˱ըܣ
䡭
һ֮󣬷ǳϵĹ⻪ѾȥӸǷɳ֮ԶԽңޱǱˣȴЦˣΪһܣҲɢˡ
ñʥã˲䱬˰˸룬ʹطס˵һҪȻʥѾûˡţЦݣȻסˣΪһˮ
ˮúܣȫɹ۶ɣ
Ƿ֮ǰˮжôش⣬Ĺγɣ𭶼ǲмһˣñˮڣڵѳʸɺ֮״еȫȥֿ汦ըܣ
ټϣˮʱôľ׼ǡȥδ֮ʱһЩܽһ̣ов
ŭˣצŭȵСӣҶԱʥ֣ȱʥָ֮󣬱ʥҪ㣬ʶ࣬ΪʥʱĪô㣡
Сӣ𭣬ҵģк׷㲻ţˣǣŵ̫ˣ㲻лָĻˣΪ죬צԺа˵ţͬʱһ𣬱жʮɵӣϢ֮䣬ʮɣֱ죬ֱǵأ̶ž𭣬ޱȵײȥ
һͬȥģצԣгϣ̷ħûȫľϵȻҪúãڴ֮ǰûնɱĴ㣬ֻһ˺ԶԶѭȥϾˣҲűֶΣһ㡣
Ȼ汦ը̫ڳϵϣ𭲢ˣǱŴƣҲըܱ˳˾֮£ٲʹɱ֣Ͳǳˡ
ȻҪȡ
ңʧһ汦ôҲҪһʧɣϵĶ⣬Ǻмֵģڵͺܲһ㡣
ߡ˲֮УĲ״뵽ܽӼһô򵥵ֱӾͱˡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫҡ
ŭѵϴˣ϶צ˵һˡ
ǡ
ͬʱǵι֮ˮǸײһ𣬵ʱؽضѣ𭱻ըõɶȥѾѪ⣬ֱ
С
òģԷйȴǱһѪûˣոڵϣʮɴСצԣ켴ϵҪһצ£ȴϵס֫
£צԵֻצӣȭͷա
𭿴ʵʩһУŭЦû뵽϶㲻ϵСȻһһƵأܺڣΪʲô֮ǰûһ뽫ϴͲᷢЩѪ֮£˵ȴӣųϾƾһֻȭͷܸһǳʹղŵֶΣ
ȭ
һ֮£ͨȭͷȻһһ˺ڶڿգ
ڶճ͸о˲ڶûϮϣ͸оԼӣڱѿЩƤ⡢Ѫȫڶ֮ڣ̶ɷ飡

ڷ˿ƴצԵȴǶ÷ֺ
ץסצԣڸоڶܵɲǣӴޱȵҲһвһȭǰһȭܴˡ
飡
ڶ˲䣬ɢںڶͬǿ


1119 ˭·ȡ˭ڵ
صҡֹͣˣڶҲʧˣǿޱȵķҲʧˡ
ֻһųľɫڵڵ沼Ѻۣͺһ˪ʴ£ϾҪķѵĳªʯ
ץŷڵƬҶȴǾҵҡ͸¶һɽԵĿҶƬ͸ҺΣ˲γΡ

Ծȣһ˼״ô¶ľԵģܹˣڵľȻŨޱȣڵǾڵ˵ŷĹ
Ȼ򣬳ϲû̷ڵд㣬ϻӣս˴ͼڴ½նеõǴ棬ڵ˽ȥҶҡȴûֹͣ¶ٶȣȻεҲһΣ֮ǰһһΣֱ֮
˷ڵĳϣûȥϿԼȭͷ˼ţԼȥġȭ⣬Ȼȥĺڶ൱󣬵ǣԸоʲôƸûеõڶľҪ
ϲߣצȻҲߣʹźвצҲųϵȭͷղžֻȭͷ˷𭣿÷һ˿棿
צԵʱȻţôǿķˣǱһ˭ӵСӸնɱģſţצ۾η壬ԽԽŨҲһͷ
汦ӵıըǿڵע⣬һ˲֮䣬ʮĿ⣬Խ˳һ˵ϣЩĿˣͿ˳צԽ˵Ļ棬ǵУ츲
ЩĿڿŷڵҲ¶ֻ̰ǣܿǾʹɱͷǲøĽ֣˼ȡڵ
ǣһ֣
ϲûг˼ʱ䣬ȭͷ̵⣬ڴȥĺڶȻɲ̣
˵֮󣬳϶צ˵·ٶȣ뿪߳
צԵ˵ͷȴ˵ˣ·ǰ棬вٺͷһĴڣ
צװΪˡҲһɻ켴׹צһʱΪܵĻϽüһ˵޷߾ˣ˭·ȡ˭ڵ仰ɱŨޱȣϵЩĿ⣬һ㱣иոǸֵͷҲҡڲ
צϵĻȻûлɣȫʮӻָʮɣóϷԸԴڻ֮нźȥ
ûв˽תߡ˲ٶһٿ죬Ȼ̷˷ħϴĸӰ죬Ǻأرǵ֮Ҷĵγ¶ٶȼӿ֮󣬸Ӱ챻󽵵͡
֮Լٶô죬Ϊղצ˵ʱ뵽ЩǿĴڣ϶п۲ֻоˣһֵ÷ǳǿƣֵöвɵǲ׳֣ҪȻǾܺ۸Ļǰ·أʱضĿܡ
òһ·ɱȥ·һһǿڵĵ̣ûһأצԻѪҺڼţǰЩط붼ģȴǴҡڵţȫϵ¶Ŵˣ϶ûд˵Ǹˣ˵һʱ䣬ǰ
һ˿ȥˣϵΡòȵȣȴӡǵԺ
ڳȥã޾ӿ˷ĵ̣Щȴ̶еЩЩڳµ֮УǱסȴǽһһɽɢֻ³ʩչһһռԡ
ڷϵĺתһȦ֮ͻȻ˷ɢȥٶȷǳؿ죬ֱЩǿڣһ׷׶ܣﻹţú֣ǰǴûѵ˵ȺйϵȺ˵ʲôͷ
һߣѾŵĵͻһīɫ䣬ϽҪԶжԶ
ͬʱлʣΪʲôһ죡ЩǿĴڣܹвĺôԸ߳أ


1120 ռͼ
ҹ
ɽ֮Уֺ粨˷ӿ¡졣
пյϣһŻ棬ȼţȻźХĿ磬ǣǻȴһ˿ζûУôֱֱȼš
ΧڻܵģȻǴӳĳһˣ
źҲת˹˶ڻ֮ǰ£Ǽǵ÷ǳǼǵһצԸǿڸ·ˣǵҪĺ
ȴܹúõڤ˼룬Ů֪ܰȫӳԺͳйأŮĿ⣬ⶢųϡ
ĿΪΪͼĿģͦͦزųȥź״Щţ֮ǰƴ׷ɱ½˳ϵ̶ۣĻնɱ
źǳɱǱɣԳ֣ԺпЩ˼źҲվЦգ̧ͷͦؿڣһۣųȥ
۾һ˿Թޣز̧øͦˣԼͯվ飻źҲʾػض˽һۣԪһת۵ززŮȻû˵һ仰ǻҩζȴʮ㣬һġءƴɱݡ
צԵۣͭŮи̾ţ˵Ȼһ㣬һԺҲҪôһ棬ǧŮΪˣ
ȻŮϻ֮ʱը𣺡վס
̺ĳܣźһ켴ͣ½Ųһ˲䣬ȴ˵ϣ֪㿴ң¼ҪӡÿɰװɵòҪס㣬Ҳͷ·ˣ㲻֪ƼǶôңңɱãֻʣһˣ뱨ΪױΪ콫𣬿ǣֻһŮˣ۾綼ûеǼŴķҲˣʲôûˣôȥ𣿳֮⣬ʲô
צЩա
ȴڼ˵ţʱңҾȳҶĿģϣռңȻΪұΪҸֻҪҪʲôУҳΪŮūҲһüͷ
źľ³ϾͱıƸ򶯣˵ˣҲԸһУҵΪߣܰ£ҡ
ûзӦվȥ˵䣬ֻһǿߣõӵˣӦҲ١ȥӰǿ
Լܹص½ŽĹͣҲȻ֮䴥󣬿ҲжǾͳû˴˶ա
ͬʱϿڵɣ
վסţϳϲ֮ɫϣﻹ˵ӢۣӦˣҪң𣿡֮ܵ࣬Ҳð벽źϣȴǻңˣҲǱʱƵģҡ
û˵ȥֻǶź˵һξѪ
ˡ
ѡ񲻽
ϵ˵źȴٶȣ³һξѪϵáһӡǶźԺź㶣ȴǴһΪ֪Լˡ
ųϵɻȴֲҶʣ϶Խ˵Ժˣڲ䵱Ӧ

ޱȣźȴǶŽһ˵Ժźƾʹ
⻰ɵ߻ȥ˾Ż꣬ǰ£źȴףдܴǿߣ콫Ҫ׵úܡ
ûиֻͣź˵һ֮꣬󣬻ɣ֮ڣвأ𣡡
ǣˡ
޶֮ҪȻҲܴź˵ôãǿһǳķзǷҲҪ˲ݵģܿ죬µһţźһ֮ڣˣôһӦڣ𵽶ôشã󣬽뵽֮ǰûɱź죬䣬ѵ˵֮ǰ뵽ˣ
ûǵľȣʵ֪һɽ𣿡
֪Ů˼һҡͷ˵
֪ʮɽ졢𣿡
֪
֮ǰͲµôһׯ˵ģ֮½һǳƫƧĴڣûз򣬲֪·ôȥ
ʱ˵ˣǲĳط
ʲô뷨
ҿ԰ռͼֻҪҵһдҪҵĵطĵͼͿˡ
۾һҲ˽仰㺬壬һ룬˵ҲգҾһˣͬʱҲʶʶط
һοϲˣ·𿴵콫
϶צԣ˵׼ô죿


1121 С
׼ô죿
צԣצһԥûУֱ˵ȻǸŴ˻ˡ˵仰ʱצһ㣬֮ǰЩҪųϵ֮⣬оزȥˣֻҪһȥ϶Ǳ죬ѵľء
ڵΡ
ָצǶʮɵ˵צҲǷѣڵ뻯˻һӣ߳ȥĻָķ粨
ʱСڵ𣬡ҿԴǸؼܹСڡ
ǿĴС
ûм˵ȥΪСǽЦݣצͶȥһĨͬɫצȫûע⵽ϲ֮С
ҴһؼܹܱڣҪǣֻҪŸʱͿɣԸѧСڵ֣أƺڴĳִһ
צԸ붼δ룬ǿͷ÷ɿ죬ǣóĶ϶һ㣬Ҫѧˣʲôأ
뵽⣬צԵԺظһ棬Ա߻һ֡
ûצԼȥСѾʼؼצԸϽȫϸϸȥӺСʵˣ
һֲ
ץʱ䣬ʼɡ
ǣˣ
צԵȫر飬֮УʱļСϵĽЦݣȴԽԽʢ
ȻС˵˾Ÿʱצɣȫü˷ܸڿţȻ뻯ľ뻹ͦڣҿǰһ¡ˣ
צԴȳ
ֻſһצǶʮɵʧˣҰпһϽͷų켴һʮ׳Ĵڡ
ڣצ
צҲ˲ԾʱˣϽһΰط󺰵Ҫ
ž
ڿеģȻһ
צԲаָٺȣ𭣡

˫ͷ




צβʮΣ֪ıȸǿĴڣյĽһȫʱצҲףԼݺˡ
ˣ⡭צضСߵ˵ģҪжʱСϵЦݣѾʧֻ࣬С˵Ľ⣿
צſ죬ܾҪ˵⡱֣צԿСڵ飬С˵ȴôҲҽ⡱³ֻܽסԼצޱȵΥĵ˵ûУҺ⡣
⻹ࡣСڵ˵ţŸʱͽؼ¯࣬ȷгǱʣúüͣһ죬ġ
ллˡ
ΪҲΪãҪȥ½ƴɱǷǳͨ飬ģ϶дڣǣһ˵ǶòȡˣὫֻСʱ򣬾չʱˣ
СѭѭյĻצԵʱ뵽˳ɱĻ棬Ҳ˲٣ʱצС˵ʵģɺܲģֻϧûؼҪȻԺȥ·ģֱһܲǿ϶Ǻˬһ¡
ܲ
צɵˣһССϣצ˵ԺͽСˡ
ǣˡ
һأӦޱʹ졣
һԵĳϣҲЦСڣվԽ˵ˣɣֶź˵ҲԻȥˡ
źͷӦǣϽȥʵǣ෴ķȥĿĺȷҪһʱص콫Ļʹĵˣ콫ˡ
һ·ϣ۵糸
ͬʱҲˣһƬ˳ϴޡĵطǰڵĴͬϴޡɲֹңŴССٸң
ǡϴޡص㣬ȻϴޡռҲ൱
ңóϸоֵǣЩһһžŵ֣֮վĹңΪڶεģϹεģҲһ㣬
콫Ǵһ㣬𣻽ĳ֮Ҳһɽ˵ѾʥǿȻġȡϣսһϹҽܣܹΪϹ
ȣ


1122 Ϣ
꽫ܵġϴޡֱһָоֻص޳ǣֻǣϴޱ޳ǴڳϿĳһ̶ֳ˵ϴ޵ٹң޳ǵİɣûʲô
һʽ䣬ɡͰɡСɷֱӦϹȻСıȣҸİһһȥ
һĴַǿʳС׳ˣĵ˼Сܣٽ棬ɴģȻƴɱ˵սͿʼˡ
ͬǣ޳ϴ޵ʵϴһȺʨӡϻս޳ǾһȺϵƴɱһ죬һڵء
ϴޣҪΪϹһҪʥ򣻵ڶӵеĵ̣ҪҪﵽҪ㣬вμһһεġȡʸ
ʸ񣬾˵սһϹλȡ֮ϹϹͬģϹ֮Уα仯
ֹ涨ϴһֻʮ˸Ϲ֣ʼգûбʱϴƲﴩСȻڳϵĻУСҲյצԣڲࡣ
ʱϵԺһʣĵȽ׵ݼȥϹҪʥأǲҪ򣿡
뵽ܣϵѣеھѪҺڣϻеСڣظоֱ仯һ˫۾ųϡ
ǡʱ˵ͬϹҪҲҪֻΪĵһҪ򣡡
²棬˲еĳϣһʱסţһ˫۾ֱֱŽشһһֱͦŵزȥҪһʱ˵ղ˵ģģ
ģ
Ҫ򣿡
ǵģϴһӦڡ
϶ŽͯգȫαҽҲû˵ٻıҪԣѡţǣˣеɻȴ磬һһֱ˳˵ĻݴܹգͷϵĲ񷣬磬һƬգ
Ȼܹ죬ΪʲôҪ½һϴޣѵ棬ʲôΪ֪˵񲢲ǰ㴫˵գ
ţնλ˵½նĴڣ⣬Ͼ½ӣ
ѵ⣬йϵ
벻ףȴǶһεϴ֮УڴоһģӴĳЩܣѹЩ֮󣬳˵ҪСȥһˣĻʵ۸նɱȺףո콫ֵˡ
˵꣬ȴҡҡͷ

ˣеģʥ̫ǿһʥֻ֣Ҫʱ㹻ƾһˣϴй涨ʥ֮ϣ񣬶ֻͬȽ׵֣߳ȻĻͻ⵽ĳͷ˵һʥǿ֣ǻ⵽ʥΧ֣Խƹ涨ʥԣս֮УʥͲ߾ӳ֣һ˵ʥ壬ýȵʸ񣬻ڽеıԣ
۾һݣЩ涨˼һԴ̼ϴ޵ߣһ棬̶ܹϱϴ޵
˵꣬ʽô˵Ҫһʥʥֻ
صʥʥԳֽɱҲֻԸˣܻļˣˣǹҡ
õĻش𣬳ɻȻ˵ѾʥǿߣҪģո콫ˣ

Ӧţüŵǣֻϧȣʣһˣһʱ䣬ôո콫ҪﵽȵҪ󡣡
İɣһʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ˡ
ϲֻͣǴһˣٶȳ콫ĵ̷ȥ
ϴ޹Ȼ󣬳ʩչߡ˽һʱŵȻûѭһǧٶȣҲǷǳֲĴڣ
䣬СһˣһֱиϢƬ̸𾪣²ųǲòԴȪ
һգһеִ콫ؽ磡
մӿ£ûߵſڣΧȺбһ𣬡ǡ콫


1123 
ǡ콫
һȣķеѭȥ˳ָ򣬽Ŀס˽ţſбʿڼٷȥֻ䱬ڿУƼڽ֮Ҳɼ
ܵЩϲ̰޵Ŀ⣬ûһ˿ңпʥǿߵצԣʵĪĳϣһֻצԹµӣȻǲûš
ʮ򶨳Ĺʽʮ㣬Ҳó϶࿴һۣϾ֮ǰǰһֱͯվмֹơ
ʱĳϣΪ֮ѡ
󣬽촽˵콫ң콫Ĺˣ
ûӦֻһƬĬĬȴĵȲǣȺ֮Уȴв˫۾ϲ֮ɫԽԽŨ
ЩĿ⣬Ȼ콫񣬸ȷе˵лװ콫ʵ콫ƹܿģ콫İǣϣ콫ٴλǣǰĿǰģ
λֻһĿģǱǽˣϳ콫콫һҸӣͬڣһǷܶһ̣
ִŵȥԽͼı˴ˣĴ콫ǣޱˣ˸ԸΪһѪ
Ӹϳȥ
Ҫս

ϻû뵽ĺȻ֮󣬽仰ͰЩеս⣬Ŀãһʱ䣬ȫǴ´ˡ
ʱһܲгץס콫ʵ˵ˣֻҪץסܳΪƷ٣ٻ󣬻һƷԪʯ
һ仰ջΧ˳вǿߣ콫ЩҪȥץɱǵĹԷŭˣҪȥסЩˡ
Щɨһ콫ΪЦˣЩ콫ΪߣЩΪߵģǱɱˣͶ
ϼ״ȴǿЦˣڼ磬һѾܹɣܹһͼ壬ϴޣȴͨѣⷽ˵ڵĵطǹƫƧ
һѾССҲҵȥ·ֱҲǺģһ·и飡ЦУһƥնֱҪǰ콫һնɱˡ
ۿҪնǵϣȴͻط˻ȥٶȸ죬ܸǿն֮˸ûӦùֱӱնϣڵϣ顱֮
ɱ¾Щץˣoһˮˣ콫ȴˡꡢꡢꡱ
˭˭֣վɫغĿȴĴţȴʱ˵ҽģɱ콫ߣ콫֮Уҽ֮У˭ҽĽٱ
˻һ콫Ǹмˣ˳ϯ
ʱŴ󿪣һʿٷɱһˣ콫Щ׽ýȡٻˣΧ档
϶ۿȥˣЩʿΪ͵ģ֮Ǹͳ죬һۣǰ̵棬ϿĺݣѾһ㶼ˣȴָһʣ½һʲôȼĴ½
⻹û֮꣬ϣվһɫӰɢŴԲ۾Ϣ֮£нʿѹŽǧãƼݵˣЩˣ⣬콫֮ˡ
ɫӰһһ˵бϿգЦʤ⼸빫ýû뵽ˣʿɵһأ
룡
𣿹ղ˵ĻҿҪǴӦҹԹԻȥҾͷҪȻǧͷɾҪڵˣǧͷ嶴еĶʮ콫ǿҪѪɺӣʬˡʤевʮ㣬Σ˵ֵ֮Щ̰֮ĵ˵ǻ֣ʵķͣɻȥأ
һղƽȥľƣ˲ɸߣһΧЩ˶ΪѰ۶ȥ
סߴ磬ǵǣתͷȥųϣ۾¶֮ɫϵ˵Ҳϲվҵͷϣ
䵭ڳȴǴԲ۶ųϣЦˣôһ֣ΪôߣӵǴúݡ
˵ţʤһ˵Ҫ
𣿡
С˵


1124 
ಡ
ಡ
ಡ
䣬һֻʸƷķȫ˳ϵӣ
ҲʱһֻڿУʤлֶŽ˵ҵİ֣Ȼͬһ㣬һֻΪϣһֻӣһֻ㻹ҳҳԾİ𣿡
ʤ¶˿飬鱻ز׽˿˿ȴǶԳſڵºȵնˣ١
ʤĻ˻ȥΪһֻȻı˷򣬼ʸǳʤţһֻļʸһ֣Ƶۼ
˵ǴԲۣһֻƵۼ£Ҳֻбɴ⬵ʤ֪м䵽׳ʲô£ȴǵһʱ䣬ǿеΪȡǰҪӡ
ЩʱʤȴһֻƵۼȫֹͣˣи죬ǡʱﴫһ׼𣿡
˭
үү
ʤĴѰҵĿ⣬Сϣ˸ɻСִ˵˵үүүүɴ⬣
£һֻƵۼٴμɣ˲䣬ʤķԪΪشʤϣʱʤĽţŸոб˸
Բ۵ǿߣԼµļˣ
ԶЩٵҪ콫ĹǣȫסˣΪһ߱ʤһɲǣǾʯһˣһѪδ
ЩٴδˣزǴиǾˡ
ʱϵ𣺡Ҹղ˵ҲϲվҵͷЩ˷Ӧǳݣתӣеȴǻûɵ֪ʲô˼
Ȼ򣬲ܿӵģǴ㶵ģȫԼǰһˮ죬ʩչɢſϢĴɱУɫâڿ֮ʱǵˮȴſСڣһ̣ʱˮڴͬʩչ似һԶȫװ档
һϢˮʧЩýٻǣҲʧˣͺûгֹһ㣻أʣµһˡ
ͳնһָϣȵƵۼ䣡Ϊ˱𣡡
Ѽǰɣ
˵̧ǰȥһֻڹʱǴʤϵһƵۼ˲Ϣ䵹˳֮ǰĹ켣ɻȥǼʸ׼ЩʿǼβ
ɼβ
ɱβϣת࣬顱űһ֮ͣ嶴ǵһ˸ɸɾ
ۻϲȴǣΪղצԳ֣צԲ࣬ȴʥʵ㲻Υ˹涨Υ˹涨ǽҪߵ·ɾ͸Ӽˡ
ʱϵ𣬡ոĵһǣܿ죬ոڶǣǡ
ллˡ
лңֻҪռõͼиϡϣָ鼮رй󷨣ҩݣرҪסһֽСѪܹҩ
ˣסˡ
ȥšټ콫ȥˣճϷԸϢ˷ȥǴ˳һصͨ𵱳צõ߿̺ˮ֮ˮΡ
򣿵ʲôǹôܿˮеˮԼ֮
߸ˮ֮ڵײ˼ţԱߣȴСӦС֮ŸָĸѶȶһöڵԪöˮ֮СޱȣȴҪ¶ĵЦݡ
콫Ļع飬嶴ǵʧأԾٶȴȥ콫񣬵õϢ˷֣ʼ嶴Ǿۼ
ȻʵҲõϢǡͬһʱ̣źصһ·ΪֻȥеһΣֻ˵ǱȣѾѪ˻
Ϣ֮£ʵ۴ŭ·Χ嶴ǣ˵嶴һƣҪѪϴ嶴ǣ֮١
֮Уʵ۶ͯվĽȤ
·֮⣬ɳҪ߽Ǹˣһ£
ԸЩʵ۱ã嶴ѾˣҲ뻳ˣһʵתԱߵ˵ʥһ֮ĽȾͿˡ
İɣֻҪһܹ֮õ㹻ĵ̣ϷϹ
ң֮ھ¡
ʥͷ˵ϷҪǶҪ׼ˣ
ʥģϹ֮ʱǶ͵ʥϣ
Ǿͺá

תۼ䣬ʮȥһգ·ɱǷ嶴ǳżѶצԣΪĻˣæˣȥ۵Ķʰˡ
ãԼСھУ
˵צغһת˵ھǧŰپʮŸԲ


1125 ڣһˣ
СӣǾ˽Ǹˣ
ǰɣ
Ͽ˵۾ȴϸϸǰ𣬽ΪÿһɢϢǿڳϣ˱źɢϢҪǿ߽Բʵۻó֣
ͬʱϻش𣬶һµбǣ¶ĵɫһ˻Цƾ㣬һ߽ʣԳƸˣ
߽ʾͲǸ𣿡
Ц
˵ţһâֱϣڼ壬һâѳâܲ͸磬ţһУڵʯ֮䡣
ӱϿȫǳûзӦùУâ֮ˣ˵ôһ㱾£ԳƸˣâպʮԻر֮𣡡
յЦţֻ˻֣Ӭһ˵ˣԱˡ
Ȼ£ȴûըҲûгѪɵĳһʣһʮҵԭһ㶼һ٣Ӧûһǧâˣ
ʲôû
˾ȵ˼£ϵΪǸ߽ʣ϶ϲ˽ĸˣԣûʩչֻʹһСһ򡱵似һУѾ㹻ø߽òˡ
ڣϲûһ˵ĺۼûУʮâ󺣣û˿ټ
üͷţһ߽ʣôֵܵסһУѵ˵⽵ԼΪɼԼΪҲӦÿóǣڵһʵĸ߽ʰ
ʩչеġаٱ䡷ǿаٱ䡷ȻģⲻʥϢǣıΪϢȴҲҪ߳ˣܿó
ϲŭ¶ϵ𣬳һָоǻûׯܵļõøߣתһ룬ϱ׹ļ磬Ѿڽ˵Ĵڣʥϴޣ𣬻治ôϡĴڣӶҲ͵ǵĵλôߡ
ţ̽鵽϶ڣһֻתȦһֻ𾢵ӣ𣬿һĻȻĪ֮С
ܿ죬ֽĿڳϣмһԲ˵Ǯףθߣһϣʩչʵ
ǮסθˣӦһǣһһϼлǸ߽𣬶ǮףǳҪ֮һǧâԪף
ϿûǮһֻۣǵ˵·ǰĴԲ˵һϰɣȻ̫Ȥˡ

Ǯٴδȳųϵ۾ŭڹֳϸղŵӣպȳ֮ʱ㽫һʮɴСĳУֺȣ򣡡
ɳ򣡡
θͬʱȳͬʱϣȫãã򡱸ճб̡ѿ죬ɱȻ
ɳУȴȫǽɫɳӣɳ֮Ҳӿɳÿһɳ֮У̺źܣǸܸܵ˱ɳûܺĸо
ɱϼȭ˲ѹʮһʽȭ򡰼򡱣ڶ֣ʱһжɱнޱȣ̶ȭƣڶһأϸĸŽںڶÿһֱ仯
Ȼˡ򡱵ȭͷڼǰǮ׻񡢻Ų֮ʣȭǱʮɳĴ֮ϣ켴飬еƬͬڶ
һϢ䲻ϵȭͷ͵ִǮױǼ⴦Ǯһо٣ɫˢرף˾ֺУ˵£һɱ㣬˵Ҫһǧâġ
飡
˵꣬һȭǮϣǮһʱ翪Ⱦɫһٿԭģα˳ȥǮױ֮ʱһʽȭ롰ɳײһ
θߵķӦ൱죬Ǯ׺޵ֿ㱻ҷɣϺȳһ֣
򱬣ɳ뱬ʮʥ뱬ըһ㣬һһƣҡԲ״ص˵ͷθ߻ͣʮָˣ˵һΣҿ㻹ô
£Ϣ䣬ըʧˣҲˣǿֲҲʧˣϵӰٴγǰǺúõģͷûң·Ҳûл
ȻҲҡΣֻ˶עڳϣ档
Ŀɨһˣ˵ڣһˣ֮УûзӦֵһϰɣҪǺΪһĥʯ
ĥʯ


1126 ʯ
һȭǮ׵ġ򡱣ļ̶Ƶûθɳ򡱣ɳܼҲܽ嶴ǵĳըһƬ棬ΪһȣԲ𣬴ڡɳ򡱵ıըģȻܸʲôˣǱǲɱġ
ȻֻнΪȴǺٴӱϿҲ˿ˣ
ˣϸϸųϣôӴȥˣ
ûһϿ˵ˣӵټһ䡰ĥʯǳŭˣмȵСӺôĿĥʯϷҪѵж
û˵˼źڶġ̡˼ܽЩںڶãĻƴɱУܹռܴƣ
ҲųϳĬŭˣߵڶλշ𣬶ĺ⣬ŭȵ𣬲úϻˣһ֣ɱ
Ҫɱرϵţ
£Ψһûп˵ҲȵСӣ֣ѾʸϷˣ
ҵ֣㻹ûʸ֪
ƽ˵˼רӦǰĳ棬Ͼ𣬿ɲǿЦģڵĳ˵ܹ򷢵ģҲΪˣϲŲС֣Ҫøĥ£ĳɳ֮⣬뿴һԼܲ취ǿܹʩչնһɫâ
ϵԽƽԽǷŭȣһѶôĵϷҲҪ÷飻ȭͷôӲϷҲҪһ̲Ѫ⣡
˵꣬һ֣ΧɱǮθߵ۾ŷҪһѪǰܣǷ֮Уȴ˿˿־壡
ɽ򣡡
ȳ֣չ򣬡ɽﲻһɽȴɢΡΡɽϢƽһзĴڣȫѹڴɽ֮£
ɽ򡱼ϼ״ٴξֻ𾪺ȭ֪ȭͷ㻹ԺϷġɽ𣿡
һЦ˵˭˵ȭͷʹҪȭģ򣡡
£򡱴һƥֱǰƣšɽײȥ𿴵ʹɫ䣬ؾҲʩչ𣡡
һ㶣켴һСˣȴҪװɸ߽ʣ
ǿЦǱ²ˣȴҪˡӦһ죬̶ȵҲǸ߽Ϊ߽ϷǰֻһСʯͷˣճɻҾˣ򣡡
ͬʱҲ˵ϷҪ˭ûʸʯ򣡡
򣡡
ɳ򣡡
򼸺ͬһ˲ͷųϵġ򡱣ԣһԣһԵ򣬳ûټӦԣֻԡս
֮ǳѹ֮£ȫͻƣ
䡭
ը챬ڿգɽ򡱵롰˸ʵʵӲӲŸһҲҪλҲ߿Σ¥ҡβѣһҪ
ײȻֹڳһˣҲֱ۷飬һθǵУΪײȥǰСӵȻûбײƣͺñʯȥײһʯʯȴûбײٵĵһܲ˳Ծ
Сӵ򵽵ж̣
ʣȵǮף򡯿·𣬡򡯽󣻻θߡɳ򡯸ǣʯɱȥ
Ը˽ԵͷǮ׵ԡնһһ˵ȻǾһɣ
ϣ򡱴󿪣򡱵һͷ˽ȥʱоԼӣڲͣ½رǮףǮȴ룬һȥͷ֡еǧâӣƶʮѣӣһ˲֮䣬ʮס
ֵ׵ѹֻǮǧף䵽ϣҲǺпܵģ
ʹֻһʯͷһɽȻϬֻǣСӵܣ֮ҲͰˣΪʲôӰ쵽ʩ߱
ţʹšɽڡֱײҪеƸײ٣
𣬡жϷҪٸɾˣ򡯣ҷ٣٣١
֮У죬Űɽײɳ
Σ֮ƣϸоĪѹȴάš򡱣
ʱ֣ʯ
£ϸоҲʹ򡱣ֻɱ𡭡


1127 ټһ
ʯ
³һĪƿɨҶϯ˳ϵ򡱣ʱ򡱵һʯͷһ
۳ôʹ򡱰ֶˣԱҲã
ʵڶˣҲͰˣƫƫʯͷġ򡱻ڼųϵ
ϵһֹ״һͣ켴ָһ˿˿ңţڴֱʯУõջϵŨüһʣ
Ȼõջǰǣܹ
š򡱱ʯšһʹݲ֮˳ˡ򡱣ų£ֻáʯסֽţ
ϱסǮ׻θߵĴüˣǮŴţСӣ㲻ҪһǧâϷǰţ򡱳£档
ƵϷɳ򡯣Ϸͽ㣬һɳӴ˻ҷ𣬻أθߵġɳ¡
𼫾裬ЦСӣǲǸо󽭶һɿߣһȥأߣ˭²УϷ˵Ҫɱģٳɻҽ䣡
Ҳ󣬳֪ߵغСӣҪǵĥʯڸоǺϹĥʯаɣСӣϷһ̲Ѫɣɽ򡯽
֮ϻһˣǶԺֱ׳ޱȵ˳һ죬˽֪¶Ҫ˳ȥֻǻᱻЦˣȻǮѪ˫ۺǾ۸һˣб£ȥҸ۸ǰ
ҪҸˣʵ׵úܣֻǣΪֻƣʦڣʵǲֵá

ţ


˴ȳĸͬļڳϣǮ׻θߵ˾϶ܽǸɶСӸĥ
ȻأǾЩԾˣûвҽûʹûбҺһжôذְȴǰúܲ
֮˰Ϊ֮еĳϣûмԪָзֻȥܣ뿴߾̹ɽ꣬־ǳܴӣ˼Ρ
Ҵ̺ɱնÿһȻϵ棬ȴûѪֻһĺۼ
ǻ𣬶Գ˵СƣȾ򽻵ģ󡱵İ˼ʻܴһЩοڷķ֮ҲǸϰˡ
ɽǽѹ
ǻɳͬκβĳϡ
Ȼ򽫳Ҫϻɳһ̲Ѫ⣬һһƻ棬ǣǿһж⡣
ĴǲԾĸоԽԽŨˣǮײɵѵСӣѾˣ
䣬˵ţġȻԴԴϵ룬һֱû˲أǰƴɱûܹġʯУôãƣٽʯˡ
۾гһ죬ȵʹľ˵꣬𵱼һھѪʩչؼʱɫ԰ףɽܱʮϸоѹ
˼ȻҲٲ˽ѪѪҩķҩȡܵģһʱ䣬΢΢ʹУ֮潣룬ɳϰëҲú͸롭
Ǳʯסġ򡱣ȡ˲ӴʮϷһ߽Ϊж
һ˶ó˵ƣƴȴȻûǷǳĲҽ෴ȴ˳Ȼ͸ʮ򶨵ǻټһ𣿡
ۣ
⻰Ǯ׵һѪˣΣͷŻõĵҩ̷ȥҼ
ɫҲѿ
ĥʯټʵһ𣿡
ûлػֻгĬ
֮ϵСתøˣΪСڸˡ
˵ǾôһʵĻǾûپȥıҪˡһ䣬ϻתֱ
ͬʱҲˡ򡱣һ򣬻ǻһֹʽΪǡʯȷû뵽ʵеƽ֮
ʱ˵СӣҪ̫ţΣҲѲϷġʯ򡯣Ϸ򶨽ɸɾһֻܴ𣿡

ϱᣬȴеץס֣ʱ䣬Ժһ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ŀһ־


1128 

֣һ磬ҹգó˲뵽ࡣ
ɽлˮллҲôأ꣬᲻᲻ͬһ㣬ʯ
ȻֻţȴѾͼڴ½ɽɽɽ꣬򡱣ͬʱɢȥҪܸܲ衰ȻܽǮסθ˱Ƶ̫ҪȻĴ𹷼ǽ򣬿ɻϴС鷳
һɢоǮһ㶣켴ʲôȵСӣôˣǲˣǲǿֲ֧סˣ
Ǯ׺ȳǻҵģɰ࣬ɣ۾Ŀ⣬ǳأЩɡ
ǣ֪壬˵ȷʵر١
⻰ķˣ֮ǰȷʵĴ㣬Сӱֵʵ̫Źˣ˵ϵ٣Ҳʱȡ㣬ϾҪܵص˺Ǯסθߣһ˲˵һãпܵΪµ
ԣܲ򣬾;
Ȼ֪лһ仰û˵ȷʵǼˣǣֶʲôӿ
Ǹɽɽʲôɽԣɽ֮桢ȻҲԣһɣһ˵ʲôͻˮһΨһŰľǣܲݵɽɽ꣡
ϣɽɽΪڽˡ֮Уɽ겻ӿ룬򡱵ı仯ԽԽԣʼ΢𶯡
Ȼǳǳ΢ǣ˵ȴȻ󲨣캧ˣʯһ־ԵľֹˣҲþֹס
ɴ˿̣򡱾Ȼˡ
ӿģʲôɫԽԽףľŨΪظо򡱵𶯣ԽԽˣ
ġʯ򡱾һӣϵġ򡱾һͷӵޣǰ޳˯ɽӿ룬޷ˣͣسײӣҪ
ԽԽ򡱵ÿһλζƺش࣬ƴȫȴȻٴá򡱱־Եľֹ
СӵʲôֶΣôƵϷʯ޺޵ضųϣȥҪȻΣӣ
£º֣򣡡
Ĵ󺰣ǿʯͷոԭصЩͷԣǮ׸ǲԵ˵𣬷ʲô£СӶҪɱˣﻹҪ򣿡
ǮһʵģлθߣģĴ̫ˣĥǲǸ
죡
˺еشѾɾ̤㣬ʱһ㡣
ĽȻ֪巢ʲô£ȴʶвǵڷԥºȵˣ򣡡
ˡ
𣬰׼֮ʱ֣羪װըԺˡɽ򡱣Ǯ׵ȴһͣڴʱһӿ˳
̺Ũ
ЩȫϯȥûǮ׵ˣȴǱط֣Ǿ򣬶ˣ
ˣֽǵ壬һУ
ͬһ˲䣬ڳϵĲ֮£ɽɽ롰Ǣһ˻ġ򡱣ˣ
Ȼһ𶯣
ͬƴأġʯ򡱣ˣƵķѣһǧѪ粻ֹǡ򡱣һ֡Ĺо
ѹ¹оȻôԼġʯ򡱱ƣȴǺɵֹסΣɱǰ棬ʯһμ磡
ɹĳϣ˷Ա˻꣬ġ򡱣֪ٱңɲһ⣬ܹǡ򡱣ǡˮ򡱣ǡ׽򡱣ǡڤľ򡱶ֻܹҪҵ׻꣬ľ꣬ˮ꣬꣡
ƶ֮أ
أ
Ǻڶأ
δ򵽵ĹǲҲӦأ
룬ɽ㣬һԶӿ˳ϵԺ
ͬʱϿٴɱһߣ˵ãҵҪʯҵ


1129 ˭
ãҵҪʯҵ
һ仰Ӳ˸رǡ֣ʱ˿̣û˺أֻƴǰ壬֮һ·
ʱŵһŨ켴Ӵ֮Уͻطֳһ磬ֱϮϽʯ£ﲻͣشȵʯʲôʯ
̤һɾʥ֮˹򣬻пܽʯסڵ㣬УȻǱ̬ĺһ㣬ֱӽҪסʯȴ׾٣
Ͽ϶ȴɥӣ𵱼֣ġʯ򡱸סҲʯʯ򡱣
ɫ䣬Ȼܣȴǵ˷Ӳɵʱһٹתӣ
ɸһת𿴵һͣתȦССƽʱ϶ֱӦС򵥣ֻʱ֮ʣﻹȥôֱ࣬ںȵССϷ
̵ģҲ̲ˣΪͺ۸
תȦתͷۻӳצԣӵŭȫϣС˵ʱо˲Ծ
˲Ծĵ𣬻δüӦʱ㿴СϣһֻצӣצӺôצǰֱһֻϡ
κ뷨붯צѾ£һצӽĵ֮УΧ𣬻ţһֻôܹôһֻצӣצӣе񡭡񡭡
һ뵽ʲôҪ쵹ſˣŵüȻȴûаִӺĳΪѾ͸ӵÿһλࡢԴ
òˡ
ʬ壬ȴһ˿ûлٻ
Сүү³צԷǳ޼ӵ˵һ䣬ɫֱ࣬Թ䵽ϣΪСתȦȥˣȴţϣĸܹӳүүһ¡
Ѿˣˣ˭
ĿɨĴĴȻ磬ȴҲ䣬ټԽԽﻹҲ壿
ȻǲңǾѡˡ
⻰Ǯθߣ˫ȷرǮף֮ǰ˵Ļ뵽һǧâɫȻ࣬ϵĿɨһȦ֮Ǯϣ
ܵϱĿ⣬Ǯ߽˫һҶ£ˣ
ȻѵŵӵģûǶһЩΪ֮ˣǮףôҲһ߽𣬾ȻҲܱŵӣ
Ȼ˿ӣȴȻҪʮâϮ֮࣡
ʮ򣿡
ҿ־ޱȵǮףѿڶֻǧôˣ
ѵˣղɻҪһһƽ
Ǯȫڴ򺮲֮ǻˣȴ³һ仰㲻ܡɱңʥʱһɱ㡭
һЦֻҪʥҾ͸ɱ
㡭
Թġ򡯣Ҳҵġ׽Σ˵꣬ϻӳ׽򡱣ʱޱȵĽ⽣͸ǮӵÿһÿһѪϸ
ʣǮ䣡
ţ϶ʵ㲻Ҫɱ𣿡
ҡҡҡ
ﲻ־֣ϼ˵һᣬܴҵġ߳ȥұһС
ȷѡ񣬡Ѿ֣Ͻԡ൲ٹֻȫأȻġ򡱸ոʩչȥ˻ȫɡĪ
Ϊ򡱵ˣȴһֱ۵ĳʵۣòҲĸоľȻʲô𣿡
ʵĻѹǰûչֳźĳɳ׳ѹҲŨš
򡱱ѹˣˣټϷˣﻹڡлȥ򡱾һ㣬ˣ𱻻ΧڵһУ˸ɸɾҲûлɻң棬ûж˺ۼ
Ͽθߣθ߼֮Աųȥɻʲôٶֱԡ򡱽Χ
󣬶һˣ
ųϣ¶Ȼ켴ˡһˣ


1130 ΪͣѰ
ܹһˣһ߿գ֮Уɼǹˡˡһ죡
֪Ϊһ򣬸˶Ĵۣ
ĿľȻȻͬ죡
ϼ߽֮̿ټ¹򣬳һȻˣֻһת䣬Ͼ׹ϴ޵𣬲ǰ㣬ĵλûôȻҪʹ
˵Ҳˣ
𿴵ơʯ򡱣ӵйӳһһ򣬼ϡ򡱾򣬻򵥵Сǿ֮£ӲȥȻǴ򲻹úҪΨһܹߵ·ǳ׵׵ĳңҲãһǿΪһ£ܹǳ
ԣ𹧹ׯµ˵ˣԸѪģΪΪūͣʹֻС
˵꣬ǿڴԲԴУٴοĵáˡ죡
ϿƬ̣һ֣ҲǲϾҪЩҪ˰ȥңң·͸׽ˡ
Ǻ˵һξѪ
ȥϣѾ֣ɲаƴǣξѪȡһΣáܵԺǵӡǣûɫֻһɡ
סĻθߣ޵ĺڣԼղΪʲôû뵽Լôɵ
ʱĻθߣѿ챻ɣ
θߵġɳ򡱲ûƣǣȴͬʯȻҪһҪƴ뵽ɳУɳе޾ɳӣȫӵɽġ򡱸ˣܸǿ˵ɽɽ꣬׳࡭
θ߲ӵϢԪҺԣԽԽ٣θߵҲһһսᣡ
ʮϢ󣬻θһ˿Ϣ
ȻθҲǰһӻñȽϺãʬ壬һֶſȻҸղŵѡ
أС뻳СȦͷں󣬽ӳ˳Ϲ𾪣ȴûǹغһˡ
ľʬ壬ֱ·ɹʮգ֮Уٳô˻ᣬ֯콫ɱһ·
ǣˡ
ת˵ȥɣͶ״·ͳ졢ٵԴ嶴ǽ֮ϣ⣬ٶȣϢȥ
ǣˡ
ӦҪȥ˵һ¡
˻ʲôԸ
ϵݳȥһŵҩѵҩ£úð£
ȻˣΪūˣȻܹóĵҩǷƷ˵ллˣСһú¡
ϵͷ˳֮⣬̤շȥ϶Խ˵޸ԱˣҪȻʱո˳ǳأȴ˰سǣ
ġ
Ͻ˾ܽŸղһսƴɱľ飬رǸѾġ򡱣ԼɳֻҪɳ
ţһηǸ⣬ΧûΪӶӣԭûӣҵ취ԼˣȻĻ򽫻һֱܵƣ
ʱӣΧӣǾֻŬøǿˣǿķʽ򵥵ĪӵҪ͵꣬ȥˮꡢľꡢꡢأ
˼Ƭ̣˵Ρɽϲɽ꣬ˮ֮࣬϶ҲǳʷΪƾãΪϵĽӺ֮С
뵽ʱϻ䷢ѼʷõĽӡϪ̶Ȫˮ֮࣬дƾáϡԭʼɭ֡ɽȡ
ܿ죬ʹȥ֮ģзĽ͡
ϼо棬Ѿ췭ظ·нٵԴȫ嶴ǳǽ֮ϣţǮ׵ʬ͵·ǰ
Ѿʧȥָӵ·ˣֻʱӣԴ׷ɱɱӱս콫ԽԽˡ
Ϣ콫ԽԽŽۣ
·ȫûһʵۿ鱨ŭһСС콫ܷ첻ɣ·޾ʮ·ǾɱǾʮʮ޵Ҫֵܲܵס
ʵһŭ˻žͺˣͶģȻһˣٶȥҲֻȻɱǸ˽ĸˣʧҲΪأʵֲջϾԣܳϦģ
˼֮£ʵϰʥ


1131 
ʥɨһǰʵۣΪ䵭˵ʣӦףϴ޵Ĺ涨ʥ˶֣򣬻⵽ʥΧ֡
ҵȻףֻҪ밲ʥһսһСʵЦŽһ£˵ȻǸ˲ʶ̧٣˰ʥʥͽ䵱һֻ˽еĲӬָˡ

ʥĿʵۣҪʵ۵ôġ
ʥǿѹ֮£ʵ̯̯֣˵˵ʵʥǸ˽ĸ⻹һ£Ѿո˾ǳأǸ˼ȥ콫ոҲǺпܵ飬һɾʹҵļƻʣµһ֮ڣ겻ɼȶĿ꣬ĵ̴ﲻȵҪ󣬶ܲμӽϹĽȣֻ°ʥҪǼҲͻᡭ
вʥʥˡ
Ȼңֻ˵Ķʵ콫׳ֱӵģɴģնɱˣնɱͬʱʧ̫򣬽ȾͻѶȡ
ʵðʥڳ˼֮ʱֵʵ£԰ʥ˵ֻǾ֮ͶѣֻҪƵϰʥУһ棬һаŵġ
֮󣬰ʥ˵ֻһΣ
лʥˣϹʱǶһ͵ʥϡʵ˵ʥһߣ̤գֱ嶴Ƕȥ
嶴ǣܽƴɱ飬ĳϣֿʼо󷨣ȻǸ󣬴½ܹĴڣܹоףʱڼ粼һؼҾͷˣͲѾ½ϣȴ֪ؼҵ·
֪Ƕô뿴ҵζܿд棬ϻڣǵľƣ϶ȽΣգζԽ󺣣Ҳɺľɺ֮ϵ֥ɺ棬Ǵ֮ϣɺĴڣúܣܿʹŽǲ֪ȥ򡭡
˵ζܿʦǣֵǣһ̾ϢȭͷٴμᶨһҪٶȣռͼҵؼҵ·
ڴ󣬳ϻкܶ˼룬磬̶ֻܹĳһǰ㣿磬ýǴͣ
ЩҪպȥ֤
ҪľǸϣó󣬵ֻռôĲϣȻ˵ԿΪ󣬿ǳϵһβ󣬻ȫռ
Ϊ˲Щ˿ߣնĴڣϻ˲ĲϣԻ
һϢ
ŷĽЩǰṩϵĽϪˣԴɸѡȽϣöһõĴڣһȴĳӣĳ֧Ϫһٲ
˳ٲΪٲ
û֪ʷжãһģȴоʮŴĹϼˣ˼ļأǸٲǵһʱѾڣ
ڣǧ±ǨٲϹڣǡòõģǰ콫ĴȣϹ
ٲ˳ϼȤϱҪȥһ̽ɾʱʮ·ɱ֮ͬеģжʮǿߣʵ۸ǷɱҪ콫гǳȫ̤ɷ棬콫ɱԮ콫ģɱ콫ģɱ콫йϵģɱ
ʵ֪ΪὫ콫ȫƵ·ϣпܻĪ鷳ǣʵ۾ҪѪֶɱӺԱ⣬˵Զһ㣬ΪϹ֮󣬸ЩϹΧ֮ڵ
Ϊˣʵ۾һɱֵõģɱģһǲ֮ˣֻҪɱһ콫ˣܵõһƷԪʯնɱ֮࣬ͻߣߵģȻǽץģӾʮƷԪʯ
ʮǿߣʵۻãǿϴ޲ȴҲ·ߵĴײˣҪж١ʱּҴҴղֵõһϢź촫ģϢ˵콫ĲжʮǿߣΨһʥ
ʥҲˣʵºģҪҳȥˡ˲ʥרģһ֮󣬳ЦãǾͿ˭˭ȥ


1132 ɱ²
ɱ磡
˵ԱߵĽһͱƲ̻˲׺ɣȻųϣڵľƣ콫˵Ŀ˵֣֮ɱЩʥȴôֹסɱùЩ콫Ԫʯˣ콫ûԭ񣬵ٴкã
ˣȾ콫
ųϣ˵
ܷɱ콫콫Ͳ𣿡ʣý۾һص˵˼˵˵һ룬ֵǵ˵ˣ˿ôǿǷɱ𣿻Уôˣң콫ҲòôԪʯ
ЦˣĪȴһϲˣˣ
һ⣬ϣʲôǮ죬ޱ
ޱҪ죿һһȥ˰Σ˵ˣ޶ۣʵ벻ָ㡣
Ǳ٣
٣
ǹûнӴһ£Ȼ벻٣֮ˣٸý֮ˣôУܽǾˣζһ£Ϊڰ˫ɷϲ¶ҸЦݣֱֱûпڴţϻ񣬼˵콫ûԪʯȥ콫ûе̣ȥ콫ûˣҲȥ
ⷬ١ۣ˷ˣѪҺеĳֶزʼӿˣϻ˵ţܲ£㲻õģҪĵģĶӵļֵ⣬ǸɱòȥɱգֻҪʵ۵ľУʵ۾嵽УɱһˣƷԪʯʵ嵽֮ڣɱһˣͶʮƷԪʯʵ֮ڣɱһˣʮƷԪʯʵֱϵѪߣɱһˣһƷԪʯɱʵߣһǧƷԪʯ
С
һϵġɱǱ˵ܿͻع͵ȷˣǣЩͲĳһ̶ֳ˵ȫʵ۵ĲƸȥЩɱʵ۵ľ֮ˣ⣬ֶΪأ
ȫȥĺ䶯ȻĿ϶˵콫Ц󷽣ǣҲųЩ֮µ·յ׺ʵ۵֮ڣǿܲҶǵھ壬Щ˻еȥģȴٽЩʥնɱʵ۵Ѿͻήˣ
ôһ󣬽˵ǣˣͬʱﻹţϣʵ۵ĲƸ㹻ضܹ࣬նɱЩ˵ı꣡
ڽŵʱ˵ٷһ֮ڣĨȥϴ޵һкۼ
ˣ£
£ն˵Ҳµ󷨣Ҵ֮
ʱ֮󣬳ʵܲ˰ɣ
ܡ
󣬻Ϊȥ鷳סЩ۵ĴɱߣֻҪʥ֣һͬʱ֣ɰĴС
˵꣬ϱСڣСѭߡȥҪȥ¶ʮ𣬻ʥֻҪһ򾡣ĵͻһһ
һʥӶʮȻô׽ģϱǸϵǰȥ
£²ȴǳѡ֮أ
ǧ󷨣ϲġɱΪɱ󡱵İ˸ͷȻǰ˸ŸԼ򻯰ġ󡱣Ȼ󡱵θˣȴûһ£ԣֻܲһԵġ󡱣⣬ѧ󷨴С
ָе֮󣬳Ͼ͵ȡģԴ֮Щ֮ȻǳƽǼǣתһȦ֮󣬾ͱòˣʯںŨ֮
֮⣬ϻСˮ֮򻯽ʯУСҲûţʯֻǣ϶֪Сڹעľʲô
֣ǻΪ棡
ʮʱ֮󣬳֣ЦѾãֻˡ
˵꣬ԶжʮһĹâʣϽССһװ޴һǵǰ棬ֶʮһӰ״ͣסֻи߽Ϊĳϣüͷ˵Цÿɰ
ʲôˣһ˺ȵ
˵أ
ιʵҵǰ棿
˵أ
㣡һϳ˳ϡ


1133 վ𶯣
㣡
Դһȣ˶ʱéٿźȻ󣬶ʮ˵ı飬ͷǳḻˣ¶ɫЦݣͬһȺǣΧסһֻ
ʱһһĺէȻ𣬡ǾȳǸˣ
һǸˣ

ȻЦʣ˵أ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬱ΪҪһʱɱ㣬û뵽ȴԶ
ûˣŶʮһ֮Уڲͬ˵㲻ġ
ʮתͷ˳ųϵĿ⿴ȥǰʥò˵ʥֶ˶棬ҲҲˣҲͨ鲼·
ǣ˵ͨɷڰʥϣǾͨɢһֹâֻΪʥʥ˶ѣ
ʥǲЩߵһģʵ۰óֶԸʥԷ㰲ʥϻҷľ֣ˣʥòʱǴһ
Ȼʵ۾û뵽ϻһ˵ǹƥڰ·ϽɱǣҲųһʵ۲µľ֣ȫˡ
ʥųϣûЩһȫϷ˼ڰ·ɱȻĳְգŭ˵Ҳġ
˵ȷʵΪһʹǵ䡭ϸ˵Щϼ˵ţһʥʮлԲ˺ݣȫû֪ǵʵۻ᲻ʹ
ǲҲѷɣ˴ţʮѾɢϸΧϵͷϣˣΧȦֻһͨͨľͷǰʥ
ʥĿ⣬һֱڳϣ˵֮һ˵˼ǣʥҲҪնɱ
Ϊβأ
ʥҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵ɱʮԴˣʥţһֻܿţɱ¾㲻Ǳʥ֪űʥ֣Υ涨
Ȼ֪ʵڲģվҴһȭȷʵȳ֣ͿԸˣΣϱζЦš
ʮ϶˼䲻ȻޱȷŭɫһΪʥղŵĻΪȫǷ̬ʥǰ˵ǻûʲôϾ˼ʥǣǰСӣֺεº̬ɱǿŶʮ
ڶʮ֮ʱʥ˵ˣҲãʥȴһȭ
ǿɰĹ涨ɰˣվ𶯣
Ц˵û£ϵӰѾʥǰӳֻȭͷһʽȭڶ֡
ͬʱˡ򡱣
ʥȻɫȻһ䣬֮ǰóϴһȭţƾнʥΪ׽³һȴϣ˵ʹһ鶼ûУҹһУ˹죬֮󣻰ʥﻹƾȥӣæ֮ʩγɹ
Ȼ֮δȫγɣȭ˰ʥϣʥϻһؿڲһݣ˳
ʥˣнʥȻһʥСӣˣȻֻ˳Ǵ壬ȴǷͬһ㣬˵ղűʥĹ򣬼Ϊִ٣ɶԸҲǴ´ŶԣñʥˣǲǾʹţñʥˣ
ðʥ𾪵ģ˺ǸڶʥоǸڶµ֮ȻպڶҲûһ򣬵ðʥһ亹
ˣʱڰʥʱоһɼ׹䣬ʥһ鿴ԼһУһԵ
ʥղͻȻϮн֣ٲСƳʩչĹָһץץһѽ˽ȫɹ۶ɣ
֮ն£
Ӧն
ʥն룬ȴûаϲ֮飬Ѿѳϵʵһߵλϣ֣С˴ˡ
һնȥԲֲµҲᱻʥնϡãնޣȻǰ򣬾ȻֻǱնѡ
оδ£ʥֿǱն򣬾Ȼϣºһ
⡭
ʥ֪۸ˣ
ȴջγնȥ


1134 ʥҲ
ջˡ򡱣Ȼֱӱһն룬Ϸǳ⣬Ӱʥľ֮УȻ֪ġ򡱣ȷʵֿܹ
ڻֿˣֻ˵ǡꡱ̫̫ţ򡱳ɳ㹻ǿ׳ֿܹ򣬻ܹ˹
˵ҪﵽһҪһκܳܳ·ǣϽִޱȵȥ뵽ܹԿ򣬳ȫѪҺͷڲѡ
ġȷʵǿ󣬲½ԣкõģȻлģǾǡһȫǳܵ˺ЩûҪʮǰٱ
ջء򡱺󣬳һҡֱϣɱվͷԲ
Բ𣬴ʱ˿̸ͻδصùؿʥڳһȭ֮£˺ޱȵľȣװֱǰһ磬Ũ̺ǲһ֮ŷӦ
ֻǣѾˡ
ѽ˾Уæ֣ҪסϮȻ˺ܿ췢֣ǵ͵ֵסֱѪ֮
ʲôϷȥ
ڴţϽתȫԪҪϳ⣬ȴָϲȥֻѹƣĸʴжܹס
ǣĸһͷǰһڶղϮʥǸڶһģһʥ˵Ļ棬Ժо֣ȴԱܷӦʩչɱڶնȥնƺڶ

죬ϲǡȭɱдӣڶɷĩһҺδؿڱڿա
ţʧ֮ǰҪסϳܵԲ𣬺Ӱеģֻǳϸֶ֮ǰסʱһģһˡ
ӳʥȭͷɱԲʱ䣬Ϣѣ
ȻֻϢ䣬ڳʮ𣬽ŵȴӿһɺ⣬ֱŶ˵ھţ˻ôһ˲ɱԲ⡭
ϵĿɨһ֮˵ҸǣȻûҪӣ
һΣûټٳЦûʵȥЦ
󣬳ϵĿ⣬ڰʥϣҡͷ˵ʥҲˡ
ʥѹе𾪣ȶ񣬼˵ñʥ˺ȷʵ˲նɱʥ֮µһˣǣ뱾ʥ̫ԶʥһȭѾʩչһаɣ
԰һȭȭʩչ似
ʥ˸ɾسϣȴ˶ͷ۾ҲɻɫѵֶΣʥгһ̣ųϣɱӿ֣˵ȴÿǱʥȻʥ֮µһˣ㻹ʥ죬˴֮أ
ҲҡҡͷʥʮҸһĻᣬΪΪ֮ͣȻĽ֣ҲǵĽ֣
ȱʥģҪ񣡡ʥŭˣЦ˵ʥŭˣʱҵļǿɶ㲻
⻰ʥеṆ̀ɳһЩ޵Ȼˣʥɣ˵ţǰѹֱ֮ϣ
ʱϸоԼӸˣ·𱻹סûʩչߡһԣֱֱվڵЦݣԵĹԽԽ
ô㣿
ʥӿ۾ֱֱʥҪôס֮
ʮ𿴵ʥ֣д󶨣˺ȳǹģʥ֣Ҳò
䣬֮Ҫ
ǧһ֮ʣһСͻظǰ



ͬʱޱȣǰʥҲ⣬ţʮͿʥĹ֮ˣ켴ɢڿա
ʥȴǿ÷֮ģһˮ
˱ʥĹ֮˵ˮҲǹ֮ˮǱȱʥΪҪߣˮ֮£ӦǽƣӦˮƣ
ʥ÷ŭģˣеĲǻΣ˵ߣҲʥһʥѹ֣ѹС޿֡
ڰʥ֮ʱЦ֣𣡡


1135 ܲ
𣡡
Ϻȳ֣ʥʲôû룬ӣ˵ϵֶΣֻһˮĸоﻹٶͣ
Ȼ顱һ죬ʥײ˻иǴ󾪣ʲôȻסңʥ֮ٳҪƿϡ
֮һ̣ʯѣɰʥȻδܳóȥǸоһ̲ˮ֮Уʱʥףסȥ·ģǹ֮ˮʥÿһϸӿ˾ȣù֮ˮ󣬺ôֱʣ
֮ˮʥͲ֮򣬿˲㣡ʥ֮ǣ
֮Դ̬֮ˮûȥɾ֮ҪǵһɲǣǰĹ֮ˮȴʧˡ
ȡ֮ǣһƬܲһ޾ģͮͮĺܲʥˣûнУ˪ʯ⽣ˮͻա
ǣʥûܲ
ʥԴ֪֮ǺܲȫΪСڣ
֮УЩܲվȻ仯òţʥ㿴һһģɺܲɵİʥ
󣿡
ͨ󷨵İʥ²˵켴񣬲ԣЩܲʥȴ£ʥ۾гһ죬ϬĿӷ͸ûȥƴɱס֮ɺܲϡ
顭
촫ʥоʹȵ⵽ʲôЩܲȻӵбʥɵʵ
֮󣬰ʥĹ֮ǰ˵֪Щܲ᲻Ҳӵбʥ֮򣡡
м̾ϧ˵꣬Щܲʩչģɲٰ֮˳ɣң֮꣬һģ²ܽ涼סο㣻ҪͨҲ׵ġ
ٻصʥߣϣܲӵĹ֮֮Ƕȥޱ޼ʵĺܲ㵹һأˡ
ʥһŵһ룬ʥͫ͵һоΧŨºԥ֮һӣҪһ𸲸ڹ֮档
Ƭ̣ʥǵòˣȴֿ֮ǰɱЩִܲӵеĻƿĹ֮
ʥԱЩƿ֮ĺܲÿһŨʥȻ֣ǧ֮εڿգЩܲӣ÷顣
ȻЩܲȫסʥĹ֮ǰʥǿģȴôҲֻΪЩܲƿĹ
ôһˣôǰδţ
ʥţͫһΪЩܲӣȻǻȻһܲЩ֮ܲǰֲһЩܲһס
ʥһۿȥǱ棬ȴǷֲˮ֮򣬰ʥͷˣʮ𣬴Ǽѣ˸ָĺܲлγɵģˮγɵģľ֮ࡣ
ʱδɱֻ֣Ǽ尾ǣҲûȥĥһĿҪշЩˣҪľǰʥֻҪʥշ֮󣬻ôô
˵άҲ൱ĥΪҪһɳṩģʥ˹ԽͣܵѹԽ󣬵֮ڵԪҺӿ
һУʥǲ֪Сȴֹţһ֮ά֮Ҫȫ㣬ǡ̺˿ֲ
ţأСתȦٶȷɿɿ죬ǰճ˵ģˮ֮ӿö࡭
ųǰĿģĿһֱʥ
ٸܲΧʥĹ֮ҲôʹԿˮԣҪƳһܲıףȴҪǧ֮
ǧ֮ʵٵÿȻЩܲһն𣬾ͳ׸ɾˣǻ۳νϲ޾ĺܲǰǧ֮ѾǳǳҪ
Щʥףȴûֻ֮ǽնɱһһĺܲ
˰ʱʥǳȥĹ֮ΧԽԽСй֮ԽԽϸâԽԽʥȻնĺܲһɾ֮飬Ȼ
һأܲûɱվԣһܲţϵӰڴϣĳȡҲóϵɫò԰ףӣó˵ڣԸΪ


1136 ⣬Ҹ
ڣԸΪ
ʥŴǵʱҲţнʥȻ﷭˴˵ϡ
ʥ˵ǵģǡꡱһͷѪһ𣻿ǣʹ˵¸߹ͷ­ϥǣֿ粻ȥеǸ
Ǳ΢ػţ׳ҵȥ
ʥûһԥΪѡҪȥкܶҪҪ׳ΪʥҪţֲܱ΢ػţҪշʥбѾ˶ƣųϣһ˵ܹʲô
ʵܹģҾܸ㣡
ʥҡҡͷһǸ˵ġ
ʵ۵ûУ
ϵС
Ǿˣ
ôһ˵ʥҲ˳ϵ˼ȴ˵֮⣬㻹ܸʲô
ܸʲô
Цˣһ֣ʮй֮ˮΪ̺ŨŰʥʵĺܲΧȥŰʥһٿңȫңʥһӸˣӦշôֶأ
⣬Ҹģ
㣬ʵҲң
ʵѾˣ
ʥһ㶣ȴΪԼȡʱϾһнʥɲ·ߵĴɢԣʥʥҲģ
ʥ㻹ΪʥǺ˲Ĵ𣿼Ȼ㲻Ǿȥɣ˵꣬ȻתʥˣʱСԼ˼治ǷȱɵĴڣͬʱһһɵڣʴӣ֮ǰЩɲʲô˺ÿһһ
ϵӰԽԽԶˣʱ򣬰ʥٲҽԼʸȥĿѾһ˼룬ѹȥˣʥ󺰵ҳˣҳˡ
Ҫģǳߣūͣ
ޱȣ͸ɭʥһθɸոͷϣǰʮܲͺȻըˣֱӸƷڿУٺݺݵˤڵϣʥˣĿ˼Ĵֱ̣ӽϵݸ̱ˣ̵ȥӰ١
Ȼ󣬰ʥ˵ҡԸ⡭

ϼ̵֣ðʥһ㶣ֻüӴԸ⣡

ҡԸ⣡
һ룬ʥƴ
Ըʲô
ͣס˲ӡ
ʥ״˼֣˵ԸΪʥһֱûѪЧ֮࣬оʱȳһ䣺һξѪ
Ѫ
ʥ֮УʮܲΧʥԥϽһξѪϽӹʥɵۣԭأģˣ
ûᣬתȥԸʮ𣬰ﶼˣοʮûʱ䣬ʮ֮Уֻһ𲻳ۣնɱ֮⣬߽Խͬáơ
ʥһˣĲ콫Ωгһˡ
󣬳ϳȥŰʥ˵ʲôʲô;
һҲͨʥ𷨱Ա˵ò̫󣻿ɶ˵ȴĪôҿҳռѷ죬ҳѷ죬ı֮Ӷ½һߡʥˣȻˣУʵʵĵ˵
½һߣӾ鲻Խһߣ᲻ҵļ硣¶԰ʥ˵һõ֣˵˵ô¶
˵شоԶĴϣһռϣ⴦ռ䲢һռ䣬кֵܶĴڣҲ˺ܶϣҲûвľԴ
üͷʵǲкܶͼ
ǵġ
ʥشţѾռĵͼȥһϸ飬Ȼûзִ֮ټ˰ʥɵõĴ𰸣Ȼǲ֪
ʥ²˵Ҳ½һߡ
ϲÿɷ֪ʥʲôĿģϲûȥƽϣһ׼ҪƴȥռϾһϣ󣬳ϴȺյˣٶȥ
Ҳͬһʱ򣬽Ѿɱ䲼˳ȥȻԤϣе˶ЦˣЦĿ޴Ц콫СҹԴ󡭡
ʵ۵õϢʱҲǿЦЦ£ҪĨȥ޵ֱǳ˵Σ벻޵ԴȻһǧ˼
Ȼܿ죬ǾЦˡ


1137 ֣
³˵𣿡
ʲô
콫һɱʵ۾֮˵ʮַɱһ֮ˣܹõƷԪʯҪɱʵۣǿɾһǧƷԪʯ
˵ˣ콫ֱһɵðԼ챻ˣ˵˵ڵ콫ܹôߵĳ𣿡³˵
ƹҲڷ׷׸ţʱһ˴˽𾪵ش󺰵ˣˣϢ
ʲôϢˣ
ɳȥ̤ƽ콫ʮ·нȫɱˣʬȫھϡ
ܣӣվŭȵбһۣ˵㲻žԼȥǿǲġ
̶ʱ䣬˭ģ
˵콫ˣʮʮ·Ӫ
ʮ𣿾ȻɱĽ죬⡭е˶֮Уʱ³ͻʵ
˵ȥʹˣͶĲʮ𣬻ʥ
⻰һʱСžžȴΪ˾Ʊһ˾ƹһƬһļžųӣȻ˺ȵƵĻˣ
꣬˾ͳ˳ȥ켴ҲӦ˹ҲˣǮҲˣתˣƹϰҲһ񱼳ȥ
һĻڸƹݡݡջȵ֮ĵطţ˶ʵ۵ľȥ
ʱ˿̣õϢʵۣ̱ס֮ϣﲻͣţΪʲô⵽ΪʲôΪʲôҪޣΪʲôʥҲ޶ȥ
Ϊ˽Ϲܶôãѵܴ콫Ȼܣ޻ӣ޻ûаܡ
ʵ͵վҪȴ£ˡ
˵
ʮӱ˸ͷ
ʵһŭʮϲĻ֮һȵ˭ģ޲壡
˻ûü߳ȥһ˴˽£Ẓ̇
ʵŭüſȴִˣһһ˵£ӱ°ˡ
£үọ̈̄
£ץ

һһ˱ץǶ鵭ĮޱȵʵۣҲоһɿ־壬ûϵԼɱδɹͷ˼ɱˣ
¡
һ˳˽ʵǿסӣʵ˭ɱˣ
ǣˣʥЩʹ壡
飡
ʵ۸һȭȵǻһҪȫնɱףֻ·һ
£ѾˣǣǸˣ
ʲôʵ۾ţæлʹеȫݣ˵꣬ʵתҪӣʱ䡱һĹţ͵طֱʵǰ棬סʵܵ·
ΪʲôҪأ
ϵڹʵɫҰףû뵽Щ˾Ȼ֮죬ʱźʵߣ˵£ź£
ããáʵתǰʮˣʲôҳҳҪʲô޾͸ʲôûУ޷սҲΪͷǾر޵ġ
ʮ΢΢в֮ɫת۾ʧʵ۶Űʥѹеŭ˵ʥ벻ףΪʲôᱳޣ
ʥޱ飬Ѿʲôʥˣֻ˼ҵ˶ѣʵֺȵʥѵ㲻ҪǼˣ
˵ţʵ۴Ӵָȡһ״ķָų˵ʥҪⷨ͸ɱɱɱһǧ飡
ʵ۶ԳϵĺޣǾԵϽˮ䵽زȫǰ˵ĹͣϿѾȢһ߸ӵĻʵۣ˵֣
֣
ʵô仰Ӧ˵Ŷԣھ֮ʣ۰ͻشʹʵŤͷһȴ״ֱۣˢˢˣ䵽˼ҵ
ź죬㡭
ʵŭܣҲ벻ոεˣǱһʥһסԭ˽֣Ͳˣ
źֳһʵؿڣʵ͵ʲôǲɱޣɱޣǵѾͽˣϹ
˵ź콣˽ȥʵķǰ˿ҲδһѪգҵڵأ
üϹٲϹ𣿡


1138 ǡòǮ
һʱ䣬Ϣϴһ籩ϴޣһôĺ䶯ϴ˶ϰΪˡ
ǣһ֮ҪϹĺѡ֮һң̫ˣ˶ûлصùһϹֵĻǻûʲôƫƫģԭѾ콫⣬ĹҲǹشͶ˼ңʥ콫ˣ
Ѿʮټǰĵ̣νǽӴʵ۾޾ɱǵĵˡ
˷ֱ֮ʣǰȻ븴ܱߵĹҸûʳһЩ̣ռĪˣɾ׼֮ʣ콫ַһ˭Ⱦָ콫һأǼҵļǹĹƣ
֮ǰڣʵ۵ǰ棬Щ˭ҶҶǰ³
ȻҶϹδؽ콫Ĺˡ
Ϲĵ֣Ϲֱˣһ֣Ǵֱʣ˰ӰɱҪǰĵȫ̵
콫ʲôҪûˣҪǮûǮҪʵҲûʵǰʥټܹʥշǸˣҲʥѣʥܳʲô£Ϲĵ̣ġϹ˵ֶһжһҪ죬ϹӦ
Ϲһ鷿֮࣬һɫ·ɢޱͰˣһȭϣ˸Ĺƽӣޣ콫Ȼ޵ļƻҲȻһ㶼ֿסɳȱ
ˣϹ
콫ıǸ˴ģһóȥ޵ļƻпܵӰ죡ϹܼҪϣϹ쵽޵ĵȥã
콫̵ģֶһˣȴǷϹǴŵ
嶴ǣѾ콫Ĺ۳ǣ콫ʱδǣŭգɱ˲̰֮࣬м˰ֵصȵߣԣԭ콫Уŵõʵ棬ͦͬ콫ԣ嶴ںܷ١
嶴ǵĳ˵ˣϹɱϹ϶֣ǲһԣභܾ֮ٳ֡
ҡҡͷ
ˣǡ
ٸµĹ𣿡
Ӿ뵽ǹĹơ仰ȫΪ˵֮ɫѵˣǿǷϹ
УֻЦ󷽣ڵ콫ȫûлһ¥ֻҪ콫ͣһ콫ͻӿ£ˤ飬ԣ콫ֻǰƴǰ
ǣˣϹ½׵ϹһϹǧ꣬ӵеʥֻһ֮ͯϣǸŨ
ϼˣ¶һοЦ˵ǰҲ֣ҲˣȻѾߵһǾͼȥɣ˵콫ٷϴˣҪǮĲƸ඼ȥǵԴȥˣҪһֻ򣬾ǧĻۣطϹĲƸضٰɡ
ѾǾˡ
㣬ֻҪ׼õϹˡ˵ţóһŵԸˣĶٶȸ
ǣˡȥ׼ϼͷо
ٶȹȻ죬ֻʱ䣬ͰѳҪһУ׼ãϵϰʥʮԲ𣬱СڣСϹĻʹȥ
ϵļƻʮʥ㷲ǵڳУ˭ҲҷԣʥʵˣǵҪȥ˷Ϲϳ
㿴Ц𣿡
ǡ
ûʲôǲǵģʱСӲȶϣתƻŰʥǼ̷ôˣ
δȫա
ӵȽ֮Ǳȥһ
ǣˡ
Ǵµĸ·ҹǳ֮ʱȥۿƤӦǳѾۿʮţӦ֮УϷ֣Դϴη÷ħʮʮǳ˲١
ڴǳܵĻ÷÷ħҲǿеġϵĴָƷħҩǴͼڴ½ҩ󶴸ġ
ʱҴҹһϹĻʹԽԽ֪ϴİʥˣǳ֮ɫԽԽŨī
һһ˽ٵϹĹǣ


1139 ջɳ²
ˣǾҪɱȥ𣿡һкĴԲϻͷӹƱɵ˵ˣЦðɱȥ㣡
֮ɫˣֻʶѡ
ʣǿЦˣ
ˣ˵ģ
˿ǳӶˣҪһ찡Լô鷳͵͵ȥϵ˵Ҫȥˡ
ղŻֵĺ䣬仰ٶȣȥ״ҲѣҺøղûж˵ҪȻ
ǻû꣬ת˵Ҳ￴Ϸˣһɱȥɡ
ˡ
ȻԭôģҪʲôƴɱ˵˿˿ᣬɿ˵ļʽֱɱȥ
Ҳȥ
ȥ
Ҳȥ
Ҳɱ޹ȥЩʲôةడ֮ĶӡӰһѾˡ仰Ҫ̤նȥľ˲٣ɱʹܵ¶ʵ̫ˣȻϵĻû˵ֻ꣬ϼ˵סԲϢذܣҪĵİܣֳԽԽãУҪ콫ţ
Ǽ㵵Ļᣬֱȥɣ֮Ｏϣ˳ߺһ𹧾ͷɶȥ
óһѲϣ԰ʥС˵ЩȫɣдãЩ֮󣬰ʥȥǣշʮˣʥƴסС
£ѭصףȥҪһ״ҪǸһС󽫻ʹǣɱΪҪǶ֮⣬оݻġ롰󡱣ȻǽǸȴǽǵ˴ռʵӹ
СԡƤΪɱ𭣬汦ӱϵĴָõĲϣֻʮٸԾϸдɱ󣬶֮еˮȴɹɣдϳһ׻ûˮ⣬Сʲôˮ󣬾Ԫ޵󡭡
Ȼ֪ʹдػǼΪ󣬱ϾǧĴУǿɲ˵ģȻΪоȴҲڼ̵ʱڣڲע£ػȫٸ
ȴܹжǴӴתЩȡµĴȻ׼˲֮ǣҪԴҪ
Ϊ˳󣬳ʮȥ˴ҵע⣬ջɳ²֮ƣ
ߵſڣسʿȺֱһɱУسʿ˸⣬׼ҪӲͷƤһ·ɱȥʱľ׷֪Ҫַǣֱ꣬һɳĮһƬ֮С
Ǻ˻ӿˮ˺콫ӣʮǶˣʹǿߡ׷׳
ʮȴɢΣԳŸŴ󻧰ܶȥ
ϹҲӡһϷиѣȻŭСС콫С֮٣ѽڷµ콫֮ˣȫ޻׽Ҫú˿һ£޵ĵҲҪ䲼һѪɱУ
ʹ֮У˲٣һҲĻʹİȫ
һ֮еĴԲʥȴӹ˿˿֮УԲʥɨΧػɨ飬ûзֲԴصףػȻãüͷĿɨȥգһ
ĪǣϷˣ
Բʥ֪ػ·ǧ״ϸսƤ󡱸ãԲʥǿ߶û˾͸ܣңЩ˵עȫеıҸˡ
УѾǼɹѲߣȴǺͷɧһԽԽأϾԴԲ֮Щ֮£ЩֵܵȻЩΪͶǸ߽硣
ЩУȻҲ˲𣬿ЩһߣǷʤ
ܿ죬ˡ
ϴӵԾ֣Цպúʣˡ
ͬʱҪ˳ǵʮ𣬱һʥסˣʥסϹʥʮҪôʥٸʥסˡ
ϼ״ЦСڣߣȥմ֣


1140 ǲ
ϹʥʮԲ𣬻аʥһΧסȶסʮǸʥ˵һȺԲԲмһƾǼΪ콫𣿸ڷΪΪ
ááǣ򡭡Ժ䣬ɲȺĻ˵꣬ʥȵ
ǶûкùӳԣҪ˵ūͣһӺ˳һԼ˵ˡū֡͡
󵨣
ʥŭʥڷϹλҲǳȻΪūͣȵʲô
˵ţʥһ֧ˮֱ䣬ҪһɫúΪ˵ĻۣȻۣ
ʥһߣ֮ٿʱ̺ˮ֮ļն룬ﻹ˵ţˮ֮ҿ˲ˣѵˮ֮Ҳ˲ˣ
ʥһ֣ʥҪ֣ȴŭʥ£ʥŰʥ˵Ǹٵļһɣ
ţҲᲽҵĺ󳾣ʥ˵ȴǶԳϳģʥԺʮ˵ߣ·
ʥڴˣĪǻߵ𣿡ʥζʮ㣬˵껰Ŀ͵ֱǰ棬ȵʲôˣʥ
ߣ˭ҲסĪ˵ʥʮʥҲУⲽʮʥϵһ˲䣬еĻңֵأȫûκɵؾͰʥ˱һɿϵΪȴǴЦ
Ȼûʹáаٱ䡱ıΪʵʵڵʵΪн𣻿ǣһн𣬶ʥ˵ʵǲǳ
ԣʥЦסƾʲôѵƾһнЦʥҲǷǳͬص˵ͷһȺȴޱȿˡ
ûлش𣬽֮ǰĻ˵ǲߣ
ǵȻߣΪǻҪأ
ʵնɱȥеģǣȻղҵѾ˵ˣҪǱҵūͣҾ͸ı⣬һĻᣬΪҵūͣƽޱȣϸЦݣñӡ
󵨣


ʥͬʱȳʥָһ磬ֱϣ۾һԡ𡱵ĸ飬ɲһ񣬴ĳһ̶ֳ˵ǿҵģѪǻԵġ
ƹ֮𣬳ûжƾڵʵ֮򣬻ǺѶȣϾʥһʥĹ򶼲
ûжȴʮƣ׼Լһһ֣ʣµʥ
ڴ֮Уƻ˲ϮǰһƻҪһƬ𺣣ʱеһˮƻȫ
˭벻ǾȻһʥʥţһȦȴûпӰٴκȵһʥ͵͵Ҽˣֱ
ʲôУүүͲˣʲô˲˵ģСӰУʥʥӦʥȫɵ۵ĸоʥȵղǵˮŪģ
ղųΣСһοˮʵǲ˼ǼЦˡСӣ˼£ʾ˵Ǹ⡣
⻰ɵӶķ֮ζοЩ߸ϵʥڣʥɫȴѿ˼㣬˵ϷԹΨûгԹˮ֮Ϸпڸˡ
Ҫ۵ģСһܳƨӣ
ΨһûгֵӦʥиһ˿ǣϾ˵ģЩǾԾĴڣʥ˼֪ȴҪΣӦʥĴɨȥûټɻأ뵽Ƿǣ뵽вʥرһֻ֮а벽֮ĴԲʥӦʥͰĶˣЩʲôıƣҲԷʲô˻
䶨Ӧʥȴپȥʥʥ˵Ƿϻˣ
֣
һȣʥʥ֣ˮ֮򣬸ǣСҲʥ֣һӷޱ䣬צԵı壬Ҵʮɣʩչˡ
ʣµʮ𣬼֣ʮͬʱӦʥȥ˲򡱣磬һȣȭ


1141 ֲɱ㡭
֣֡ӦʥҪȳģֻȳһ⣬ͱˣ켴籩Ϯʥˮ֮֮סʥĻ֮Сˮ֮סʥʥǳʥӦʥнʥ
ҲΪȳ
һʥнʥСǿĸ߽ʥ
Ӧʥ̨ʣƣȻһͻ䣬ֲˬʮһߣһȺԲԶ֪ʥĲ𾿾ж󣬿ϷнʥʮϷʮֽ
˵ţӦʥУһѵʣѵɹӦʥĹǽԹЦԾȻϣһһһ򣡡
Ȼ󣬾ٵն
һЦǵ򣬾Ͳȥˣ
ںȳֵͬһ˲䣬Ҳȳˡ֣ʮȻըӦʥɫ΢䣬ȫȻûϵЩȻ˸ɴԱ򣬱ϾԱǴ˺ԲС
ߣʮԱãҪԸϷ򣬻̫ԶˣӦʥȻʮԱ鷳Ҳ鷳ѡ
ֻӦʥһն£ȴն򵶷֮ЧңԱ֮УѵڽɱűըܣϢĹܾ΢΢ˡ
һ۾ô󣬺˵ʥֻһ֮ȥ죬ǿ粻ȥǱֻǵأ
ӦʥˣϵĴѾ𣬡ȭڶֿһֻȭӦʥЦʮԲ򶼲УһнһֻȭͷϷնֱֻۣ
䣬ѽӦʥΧ򡱽£Ӧʥӵʱµ䣬룬Ӧʥ󾪣ϽѹסΣͬʱ֮ٴն£ƣ򡱱նһ룬ȴûһζʥǰ㣬ն룬ҡ򡱵ٶȣһҲ˲١
򻹴ڣôܣ
Ӧʥһδ󾪣ʱջء򡱣ȭɱ̺ĺڶ֣Ӧʥһ飬ʱһѳʮɵĴڿգӦʥ˫ץնڶ
ûлңս죬һǰӿϡ

ӦʥȣںڶϣʱڶתͣͣбƿƣƴάֺڶתӦʥ۾һݣǰڶȻûǰ㣬һն룬ǹֵ֮ĸо
𡪡
Ӧʥʹʮ˵ٴն£֮ڿлӳصӰЩӰȻǺͨĵӰһÿһصӰһιĵӡ
ȻǸоֲܣûгô룬ȭͷͽҪӲӲײһ
ȥɣ
Ӧʥϣ¶˲̵Цն£˲佫ڶն룬̶նڳϵȭͷ֮ϣֹסѪڣαˣȭͷϸѪɽһָǵĵۣڳϵȭͷ֮ϣһǽԹֱѪꡣ
ܣ
ˣ˻ᣬӦʥȴһĲţôûôֻȭͷһˣӦʥţ΢ġꡱӦʥۿȥȴĹ󵶣Ѻۣ
⡭
Ӧʥųϣȫ֪ʲô֮ڵ飬óʮԣ󵶿նյĽֻնһڶ˼ȭͷһѪۣĹ֮ȻѺۣⲢѺۣʵǱţСӵȭͷĹֻСӵΪʵ̫ǿԲȫĽ֮
ʵ㹻ϷѵҪ𣿡Ӧʥ϶ӦʥһЦûнڵĹųȥǷǳأ̽ڣȵڵ棬Ӧʥ˵㳹ˡ
أӦʥȵЦ㡭ɱϷ㻹ʸ񣡡
Ҳû˵ɱ㰡㿴ߡϵ˵ӦʥתͷȥʥѾ˼׽֣е֮ʱ˵ٿұߡ
ӦʥתұߣʥԴϣվССĿⶢϣӦʥоһ͸ĺ⣬鲼ȫÿһ
ʥʥΪ͵ͣټϰʥСȫ֣ԣ˾ֱһסӦʥ֪ɾ˵أתӣ
αҪأֲɱ㡭Ц˵ֻȡһξѪѡ


1142 磿
ֻȡһξѪѡ
仰ӦʥĶӦʥȫʮ֣֮ٸҪһתһȴһֻСǰ棬ٻʥĺ·
ǰлӦʥɫһòҰףһѡ֮ӦʥתͷС֮ѡΪС·ǻصϹʹ·滹вٸֻ֣Ҫȥȵϣǳ
ߣǱϾһС˵СΣԣӸо˵ȷʵҪСöࣻӦʥûпղСצʱӣΪˮ֮Сıˡ
ϷϷһ·Ӧʥ֮󣬴ǣȫڿСںһ㣡
үү㵱үүǱŴİ
Сֻצһ֣һˮĻӦʥǰӦʥ״ûеնȥȴǰθӣԾˮĻ
ǣӦʥζߣˮĻߣ
ƣ
ӦʥӲȥֻö䣬һȣ֣֮ȫ򣬶˵һһ壬ֱˮĻҪˮĻԶѭ
СӻζЦЦУˮĻͻ仯ӦʥһΪģתһȦȦˮ֮תתĪ
Ӧʥ״вӾ磬ȴ·ֻһͷתˮĻ֮У
ʱˮĻ仯ˮĻĽͻĺ£ȴǱһڴˮ֮ɵĿڴӦʥвڿڴͻȴôҲͻȥ
СӦʥƴɱ֮ʱҲûţʥʥץ˹ԴȡһξѪͬʱԡ
ʥСЩѶȣ˵㲻ʲôңҲ֣ΪʵҲԽԽࣻ˵ǰƵЩʣۣռλԽԽ٣ռһ㡣
ʥһսҲǴǱСӦʥ˵Ʋүүĺ
ʱһըȣ󵨿ͽҷ£µһ˲䣬һӰ£ֱСĿڴ
Сɫһ䣬˲仯壬ʮɵֱ֣ײȥ˫צҪڴСǱӰٶ죬С֮ʱѾڿڴ֮ϡ
ʱˮڴһ˿ѷ죬ӦʥҲץסʱѷ˳צײȥʱһըȣ
󣿸үүΪүү̳ǣӦʥѣСܲˬˣڴǰ󡱶֣׵أŭˡ
С
צҪȥʱĺʱצӲסԼΣһת˲صߣʥҲ˻
ˣǡ
ǹ⼤ŭġϵ˵һ䣬˿̣Ѿʥʥסʥ𾪵׵Ŀⶢųϡ
Сӣͷ㻹еӡ
һȻ֣ӰͷˣǸ߽ʥ滹ʥ棬Ƕʮ𣬴Բ
ϸղŵˣѾǰʥˣңЩԲǷϹȫʵϹǧĵ̣Ȼͬһ㡣
һ䣬СȻղǳȥ߽ʥʥ㲻ҲҪˣжԳϵ㡣
û߽ʥֻӦʥ˵ٸһѡԸ⽻һξѪԸⱻնɱ

ӦʥЦСӣѵûп˭ռϷȲԸ⽻ѪҲԸ䣬ϷԸģֻնԴ
ղŶԳ˵ʥ˵ղűʥ˵ӣڿ硭
ҼҴˣүү㣡
СҪһȴֹʥ˵бʥڣ㶯һֺë𣿡
ôҪɱ˭Ҳֹˣǣ
ÿСӣϷҪôɱλӰʥҲŨüмһ˵˵
һЦʥʥ˵ȥɱ
Ӧʥʥ˶Ǽһ㶣ŨŨɻ󣬡ѵѾͶˣ
ءλʥȻ׷ʲô֪ǲͻĽ֣ǣ˳ȥھʥΧ֮УɱӦʥأ
Сӣ㵱磬ôĻӦʥЦЦȻֹΪʥʥѾǰӲޱȣ
Ӧʥȴûע⵽һ㣬ʥʥ˵Ѿݺһƣղ˼磬һ̣ȴȫԼԼ


1143 ȫ
ʥʥǰȥȻԸģƣȫɼʹ尾ǵÿһϸɲǲԸģҪҪǣȷʵǰˡ
ӦʥüΪȻ˼ҡ硱ȴԼϣ˼£ӦʥձСˮڴͱһӵĻ𣬴˿ֱ˼ҺݺݴŭһӾͳ˳ݳϣȴ߳롢ʥ
߳ʲô
ӦʥʥصҲδ˵꣬ʥʥӰһ˲߽ʥǰʥʥüͷɻǸоصĹŹ֣ͻȻϳҪסٴȥúоһ¡
ȻʥҪϰٱĳϣɵؿһ֣
һ˲䣬ʥʥԱˣʥԱ֮ƴܱը޼ɵرըڷǣֱʩֻҲķ֮һ棡
ˣǲʥʥǸ߽ʥҲڻ֮㽫Ӵ𣬲ܿǻǱȽ׵£Ҳܲ˶صˣ
ǣڴˣǸܱܣΪǷǣǻʳǣֻʥȵеˣȫ֣йȥֺ˭Ӳ𡣡
Ȼȴ͸һĪĿ־壬ʥϴ޵ĴԲ٣ǧ֮ܿһģ򵽹򣬽ʥģȴǼ֮ȻʥȴĿǰ;ܲʥǿߣ˵ķһ㣬޷֮أˡ
Ȳʥ־ģǰʥءλʥһ˲䣬ʥͲѣеʱԱ϶ҲԱ
ʥʥ˴󲿷ԱܣӦʥҲֱ֣ǹɺƥܸ
Զ˵СҲȫˣץǸ֮⣬ץһʥʥȫһأһʥ
ǣˡ
ǣˡ
С밲ʥͬʱӦμܣʹʮֵʥȻǿСͰʥɱȥɫ̣ȵ󵨡
ӦʥҲҪţſ죬ͱ޴צץ棬צ֮һˮ飬ˮøӦʥãʥʥֱɱУһŹһӰֱɱСԴҪСնɱСһ䣬ӴԴ̱ԴһֻצֱϹӰһֻצȴץԱ߲Զһʥ
ƴҪúñֵİʥӣȫˣӲǳʥһô˽ǳʥץסؿ񳷡
Ҳûͣ£ۣ۾ս죬ȭٳֱԱܡ
˿̣Сͬʱסλ߽ʥһ𣬱ӰʧСֻצҲѪСٶȥʥʥйȴּһĺڶѾǾάֵ֮ϣʥŭССнҲҷ
ŭȻֱ죬ȴǲþάֲըܣСǳߣ״ͷ֣һβһڣҲݺ˷֮ϡ
һȭ÷ҡβѣ߽ʥƴά֣ɢҿСһβ£ȴʯѹһݣʯˣϱˡ
ʥʥҲظ֮ˣ²ΥϽܣͬʱƻ׼ⱬһʧ֮ƣﵨ¡
ܿʱʥͫףȻ亮⣬ΪǿǸн𣬾Ȼһͷ˱֮Уʥһ˵СҪʲôȻѾһЩΪܳܵģֻҪһȥضѪĩ
Ȼ֮УϲûбѪĩ˻Ԫָķͬʱʮɽɽȫǿ
ܵػ³һѪ֮󣬳ϴӱг¡ߡһֱ̤̤Щ㶵ʥǰԥأǡȭʥֱɣ켴һųʥطȥ
û
λʥ𾪣ԱһнΪȻû˵ʲôʥ۾̰֮⡣
ǵԺš֡
𾪡̰ͬʱҲûдסȫһ򡢱Ӱɶɢܣ֮ǰԸצԣҪö࡭


1144 
򣬾һС̫̺ſֲĽԹɢǧâһ򣬲ңǧâûɢȥȫڳϣ
ӰѳʵʣȫľԹɣ
ǴɱеܣСоľ壬֮ǰ˹ֻֻצͲǷɽѪֻצѣΪˡ
ǰС⻭棬Żǵһ£ڣ֪ΪʲôȴǴ󺰳ˡŵͬʱСȻȥҪȳϣˮνеʥסһһӰ
ʥҲСͬĶ֮򸲸ǣǸͬʱϣʥ㶯ȻԭֻΪҪϾͱض
޴СڣҲǽ֣ͣײ޴гϷɳֻǴСڣģҲµġ
˵꣬ת߽ʥһЦҲͬʱоסĳʥ˱ӰͬʱСͰʥȵ˻ȥ
ʥ۶СһɣҲǳȥϣûûȥǻδɢȫıС
߽ʥϵЦݣȴȻһɺ⣬ǵĿֲɱУûɱɱ֮ˣɱǵԼˣ򡢱ӰѳҲջѾ
ӦʥƲˮΣȴǿü棬ײɫ־嵽£ʱ˳֮ǰ˵Ļڣ֪׳һξѪܹȥһжˣӦʥ˾󺿽У
ϮӰ鵽ʥҲͬһʱ䵽
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ը죬ʧˣӰҲûˣ籬ˣˮˣ֮ˣʥӸĶײ֮£ը˺üʮ飬ȥһУɱмʹӱңһ࣬ʥȻǵĹ档
ϹĶʮԲѾ˳Զ۾ſ־壬޵Ŀ־壡
ϷҪʥŭˣűͿȴٴηڵıӰȻôϲ棬ϷΪһ֣
ʥҲҪ֣ȴӲֹס˵ʥҪ׽ʥйߣȻйߵľ
ʥһޱȣ۾С밲ʥǣҲϷǱң
˵˭ᣬ͹үү㲻ɣүүû¹˭šСΪȻ˵ţλʥȴǶһۣ۾𾪣ͬʥͺһ۾Ҳ𾪣һʣ
Ǵģ
үүǴģƾ֣үүǰŪֱС˵ʥѾ΢΢Ĺ˼ɣֻһϢ󣬲ʥ˵ղƴҲҪǸСӣȻǸСӶ˵ҪֻҪץסǸСӣܿԣʱ֪еܡ
ʥͷһȦӰһűһȥʱɵۣΪУǻƥǶϰٸ硣
Щ磬ȫɢŲ
ǣ棬ȴһСһСŵıԶű˺ʩչųһһ磬Щ桭
Сڸʲôãʥʥüͷýֽɨһ飬ͻأһ˵ڲ󡭡
󣿲ɣʥǲţҪһЩ̡ȵȲЩͱϣʲô󣿡
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôȷʵڲ󣡡ʥ˾š
¶ȾѪݣЦϲ㣬ˣӭɱ󣡡
ɱɱҲ𣿡ʥһ֣ΪôңʵڲţƾЩ磬ܲһԣһǱԱߵȥ
Ӱδ޷ȴѽ˺ѣʥ״Цɱ󣿾ɣϷͽЩ磬һһس飬󡣡
˵ţ޳ȥѡ
ʥЦţ̤ǰʥ۾ɻֱӦ˼򵥲ŶԣʥѾǰˣȻܺˣ۾һתݵʥУЩ磬ٶȽץס
ã
ʥͷЦˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ʥ̤һǰĻ棬ʱȫ䡭


1145 ҪľЧ
һ̤컻أתҹ׺ɣ
ʥΧǱƥǳдеɭ֣ɢŨޱȵĲʥɳУŴ죬ſеëףҪȫС
ֻһϢ䣬ʥͻػһݣعһãƬɭǴģӦǻܲŶԣϷСӵ󣿻𣿺ߣסϷ򣬼ֱ룡
£ʥһץһʮɾıӰûУһӰϾ֦Ҷ˲ü֦֣Ҷ죬צȥҪǰɭֻ˺顢ҧѣ
֦ҶɭȫΧһɲǣڿĳϣ˵ת
ʱïɭ֣ͻʧӰ٣ȡ֮һУУȫɣһӽʥıӰ֦ҶʴһƬ
ʥ̣Ũ⵽ʲôɱܾ𣿡ֻһ˲䣬ʥŨȻϷĿǣǣ棬ûйûйôסϷ򣿡
꣬ʥӰŴ£ֱҪи飬ʥţֻҪг飬
һߣͬǰ̤һĲʥȴɭ֣һƬޱ޼ʵĺʥ֮ǰͲ²ϲе𾪲̫أȴȻ̾˵ֲСӣнΪȴ֮ԭпʱʵһʱ䣬ױУһ󡭡
ʥƺ뵽ʲôȴһûץסӿ𲻰üͷ֮ǿѹ²ɣ˵ҲգϷɱ󣬿ϷǴ㣬ǣСϺ
ǿʳ򣬴С㣬СϺϺ
˵꣬ʥһĪ򣬷ɵƬϿգʱ󺣷ڣǱһٵ÷ڣǽâ֮ˮܵնâն÷ڣ
ˮˣˣֻɶ
ʥҲǼģΪûйˮ϶ססո˵꣬ʥͿһƬԵĴ󺣣Ȼ棬Ĺ򶼸ûˡ
˽
ЩȻǷͨȫǺɶ֮³ܵĻ棬滹а˼ʻ
죬ֱһ𣬹ɫʱ˲٣ʥɫ䣬ˮת𣬴˹Чң棬󡭡Ϸ֮ܣȻ󽵵͡
½֮𣬰˼ʻסĻ棬Ȼǲһ㣬ǰֻҲֻзյķݣʥϾǸ߽ʥȫܱȵģЩ治ܲʥֻһʥĽŲ
ʥ۾ﺮâ֣ʹȫˣ
ͬʱðѪĳϣϧҪҵ˻֮꣬꣬˵ܿס߽ʥ
ϧ֮󣬳ϲټ粼߽ʥȫ֣ܵѹٿѿ쳬ļޣټϣʱƣҲԽԽȥĻµġɱҲ
ԣϺԥ˱ܵķΧ
ʱɱСӣϷ㣬Ϸ󣬵Ϸ󣬱ؽץסúõĥһ
ʥʥȴţץסСӣúÿһ£Ⲽ֮ô¶
ЦҪƣ𣿡
ϻֻҪϷһҪ
ʥ˵˵ҪƣǲǺ׵¶ҪʹһֻҪ󱬣Ϳˣ
⻰ʥ֮У˲ӿȫȻĶըһ֣ţ콵װĺ¡ڶ
ˣ籬ˣˣ汬ˣסĻܣҲˣе߽ʥʱо˷Ϯػͬɽ󺣺ХֱǵѪڣӸ羪еСۣҡȥ

ҽӱдǣ߽ʥȻСֶУסһ֮ʥñӰסӣ˳
ͬһ˲䣬ʥӣסڿգ
Ӱʧ¶ʥʥ˵ǱӰ޸ȫĳϣЦʵλоΣ
ۡ
ʥʥͬʱ³һѪɱ󡱱ըȻܳˣȴҲһСˣʥȵСӣϷ򣡡
ľ㣡
㡭ϷˡѪ
ҪľЧ
ЦݸŨ۾λʥʹ˴ĶЩϹ֮ģӦ˰ɣ


1146 ţ㽻һξѪԣ
ű˺ӣЩĿģҪ󱬣߽ʥһӭͷʹȻܸˣȴܽǵľңΪƴս
мıܣʧˣűʧģзǵĳǽһƬΪ˷棬һ֪жӡ
ʥųϣ޲ϵĽȳϵѪйͷ֮ߣʥ䣬ڹǿ϶ˣȻϹڽǸꡱø߽ʥȫˣøɸɾԴӽʥŪǱأ
˵ǱΪߵģԲʥùǣ䵽صģһȫ۵ģʮǧ֮Զнʥˣ
ʥҧ޵СӣϷ֪ʲôһˣϷ˵㲻ʲôҪʹϷ־壬Ǹܣ
𣿡
ϵһʣѪ˺ۣڿٵرţͳҩС밲ʥ£С밲ʥϵı飬ǼΪӣȴԷ¡
Ȼǣ
ʮأ
Ϸˣǲܵ£ʥȺš
ϼʵʮβУһٴΣһǧأ
Σ
ʥŭֻӰʥ۾âȴԽԽأϷ·һжûпֻЦ˵߽ʥҾأһһѪһ⣬ֱǽѪ¾⣡

Ӱƿգֱϣ۾գһ£ûԱ㣬С̤ϣڳǰһͷӰ˵Ȼǻһ·ǾǳңסֻһΣ
һн𣬳ܵ𣿡
ЦĪ˵Ǹ߽ʥǴԲʥҲܵ𣡡
ʥҲƲסԼˣŭ𴫱ȫÿһ䣬Ҫ֣һ·ֱʯѰͻ𣬡𣿡
ʱƻڼԶ֮£Ѿǵͷʥ۾¶ϲųϵĿ⣬˿һĿ⡣
ʥɫþ̣СȫסһȴûиоƵģʩʩȻ˵Ȼǣţ㽻һξѪԣ
˻һ˵Ŀ⣬ȫڳϣʥ˵ĿͲ˵ˣСĵ֮ɫת˳ݣʥдҾһʲô˵ˣӸղŵڣѾɱ˾ʥˣǰԲ飬ң˻߽ʥˣղøǷµĵҩҲޱȣܵ˾Ȼ˸߰˰ˡ
˵ûͼڴ½һУûм棬ϸоŨڸ߽ʥƣĪѹɵ֣ȻڣϺѹֻΪѹƿնȥʱѹȣ̫ԶˣնеǸ족ֶȲˡ
ϻ£һӰֳٵҲƽֻһ׵ôۣ·ǰ׵ģͷǰ׵ģüëƤҲǰ׵ġ
ͷֵģˣ˽Ǹ߽ʥ
ͷɭĿ⣬ֱųϣ˵СӣȻ񣡡
ٲѵҪһϵòˣȥ緢𣿡
ϵ˵ƵᣬͷɭĿ⣬һ䣬̺ĳܣĿһɨ˾úС밲ʥԱȥЩýԶʮԲ𣬸ǲɸһ
Ψһûжģվŵģǳϣ
ͷһףĿתͣɳǺããĿͷһ
£ʥһʥĿ¶˾ȣʥ˵⵽ô¶ֻԶˣһнôֵסʥƣ
ڰͷĿⶢǣϵԺظǸƤӦǳͼֵ˳ϵʢǳͷһƣʲô
ͷȸҪٴμʱ򣬳̯̯֣ʼ磬˵ʵڲ棬ҪǸŮĻҵ࿴һɿһҪӣʵЩθڡ

ʥʥͬʱͻͷʥǳδɢȥʥֱ˳벽ʥȣȴЦ˵Ĳң㣬Ͳͷ㱨㱨ôɱϹʥһнʥģ


1147 ˭˭
˵֮ʥʧɫʥҲǻһͷ۾ﾫһ˲Ϣ֮䣬أȫŨŨɱʵӦˣ
ͷûֱ˭Ҳû۾ȥ˭ʥʥ䵽ʮȣſ־Ӧһˣ
Ҳˣ
ˣ
ظԽҲˣ
ˣ
ôģ
ԽʣͷԽƽʥȴǾ̵˼㣬߶µؽ龭˵һ飬˵ȫϢ˼㣬ҷԶһƬײ˾һ㣬˻ȥ
֮󣬰ͷ˵ôû
ʥǡ
ͷǣ㵽Ϊֹ͹ˣĿһεϣڵѪϹžǧĵ̣ڣҲֻʮʥǰǰʮʥʣһ߽ʥнʥػʹȻ̶̵ʱͱ˼նɱ˾ʥѾСһ׮ǵ˷Ϲ˽ǵľأ
һУȫǰСӴģ
Ҫôң콫ĹͲǷŻ˵ģԼŵģӷϹ콫һ𣬾עнĽ֣ʥ䣬ֻǰϷ͸ˡϺѹ˵߽ʥ¾Ҫ֣ɰͷûжûкֻ£ֵˣϹ඼˰ɣ
ҪǳϷϷ֪һС
ͷǿѹʹ˵仰ϾǾʥѾˣӶʣˣҪ׷ģǷϹ棬СֳһУʲôʲôвѾչֳ˱Ⱦʥ棡
ɣ÷ϹͶ콫ұԿǿǣ
ңڷϹһ֮£֮ϡ
ҲϲԴϻվˡ
ȷҪԷƣҪ·
Һþûȹˣ·һֱ·ϣ
ͷĻش֪óϳǾٳֵ飬۾ָƽ˵ȻˣϷֻþʹ˽𣡡
ҲģЦ˵𣡡
֣ͷһҵ֮ǰǲԴͷԥأͷˣֱϣֱϵ˫˫ţһ𻷣ϵԴȥ
ɾڰͷͷų𻷵һɲǣСһֱʧˣȡ֮һƬڰޱ޼ʵĺڰ𻷵Ĺâڸˡ
ͷüͷһ壬ȴûнջʹŽ𻷷ֱײȥʱ¡ը죬ҡΣѾڲ֮еĳϣ̾ͷȻһͰѴײöˣҪ󣬿ɲô׵ģֻҪ߳һǾͿʼɱϷɣ
ϻ£ջ𻷵İͷ˵˭Ҳ׼Ҷֺվԭ
ףͷʶ󣿡΢΢ԾȴЦ˵˵ģ˭Ҳ׼ԭ˭˭ӣˣ
˰ͷһ˵ĶͷüʱֳһɽɻʲôĿʱ˵С𣡡
£һɢ޾ڰͷ˿һֱʹΧ֮ǰǼ˵Ӱֱʹȥأͷźȵǣ
պȳڣͷͺˣǣЩͱܻʥǣѾٶȳ˳ȥһ壬ǰʧӰʧʥǰֵĻ棬㲻ͬ۰׹ǣбѩأиɽˮ

ͷٺȳһϣֵܹסͷ˵仰ԼﶼûеףСӶоԷǳͨ
Ϸ򲻶ҲƵʲôھԵǰֻлҷķݣͷ˵Ȼ𣬺¡ٴ
֮еĳϣ͵һ󣬲Ǵ󣬻Сάת󲿷ֶɳṩ𶯣ҲܵСĳ˵ԲʥʵĻҪǿǶֿһ㣬Ƚʥնɱˡ
˵꣬μתһ˵Ӱ۰׹ǵ׹ϿգʥӰʥڻٻһһİ׹ǣǣʱЦСӣˣ

޴


1148 ʥ
޴Сڳ
ʱʥĹ֮ǶȥСҲʩչˣʥһǽ󲿷СϣϾСв
ڳϣʥΪĻϵв󣻻гֻӣʥҲϰԵغˣֻʥʥӳһޣ㼯ȫԿСﻹ˵Ϸնֻһһɱ
˵꣬ʥĿУɫâɫâȻӣͻأʥ뵽һص⣬С֮ǰһֱûзųֻӣڷų˵˵ֻӣһһ㷲
뵽⣬ʥɫ䣬ҲȥСĹһȣӰצХգѪڣֱʹâСڣʱʥԺصһ仰ڹǰֱԲɢ
£ʥ۳εıӰɢˣˡ
⡭ô¶
ʥȫ㲻ףСڵֻצѾϣһѪʱƺʥоԼอλͷɢܣҪƴӰ֮ʱС˶ʱ壬ɢʥڵʥСһֱʥξѪ
ѪϷץסһΣ
ʥ롢ʥʮֹһԭʥǸ߽ʥһҪԭǳάܵ˺ܴƣͬҲǳϸղûгֵԭ
ȻѣڳϵƴʩΪ֮£ʮϢʱ䣬ͽʥһɲǣȴһѪȴʮϢ֮ڣͷƳ˲СʥͬҲϴ˲ѹ
ͬʱʥˣҪתܣԺȴһӡǣʥųϣСӣ㡭Ϸʲô
ûֻ˵ߣ
ϴС˵һƬ򣬳ڿʱƴͷʵƵĶҪ߳٣ܳʱסҪڰͷ֮ǰ߽ʥ£ٽС֮У˻ʹأѸǲС
ʥߣȴɼòߣʥӿޱڶûлعûףıСɡôûãôɢˣ䵽롢λʥһľء
ڶ򣬱ѩأǸ߽ʥù֮ƱѩѾһ룬ڹǰЩѩأȷʵǶ֣ˮīʯ̫ˣӲӦܡ
Ǹһ߽ʥͲˣȣ˭󣬽עʥϣɵʥôһ𣿡
ʥ죬˵ʥΪԼ˵ǣʥעֻӣұǿˡһ˵꣬ʥԾٻʱɫһƬȻΪղŴﴫȥĻǣǵˣȻҪһˣ
ʥ㾹ȻѹѴʥ
ʥ˵ţʥСʼʩһһƴȥʥŴ죬Ҫղǻ˵ġɺȴǣʥͶɣȻˡ
⻰ʥòУ֮Уʥһѡ񣬽СҪв󣬾ʥеעСʱСȥ
ɫâʱʥİ䣬˶֣
һϢ֮䣬Ѫ
ϵһʱץסѪһأʩչһӣѪĿ⿴ʹ򣬻ʹҲС󣬲ƣ
СӣϷҪͬھʥ˵˵ĻѾӡǵʥһ޵ضʥҧ޵ʥһף㡭
ʥٿĪ磬ųϣȥкţϷҪתʥȫӿ־ʹ˵ԱȥΪԱ˵ҵĵ̣
ԣʥס
һ
ȳɱʥղ˵ĻȴǼٵģ£ʥҪԱȻֱ˵ϣȴǿͨ˵ϣԪҺٶȣѾﵽһֲľأ
ʥĵطȴһɳĮʥĹˮ
«ưʥʥ˷㶾ţʥС𹥣СʩչһУסȡ侫Ѫ
߽ʥϵɫѾ԰֮ϴˢ޸Ҳˢȥ԰֮ɫҧˣٸĸ
ĸĸ߽ʥ֮ʱԺƽһһ


1149 Σ
ľԹ׵ԹղԹ򣬸ղµˮԹǰԹ򡭡
ԺľˮоȫϿСڵɫâٴ֣֪Ѿעʱ͵𶯣ȴһȽҪαͷȥ
ʥľѪգץסѪ֮ʱԿΪ󣬽գҾΪٲһдɱ󣡡
£ת
ԭ߽ʥĿģǰǺ롢ʥһˣ߽ʥ˲ܸȥİͷˣˣȫв
ڣϸ⣬Ҫ߽ʥȡ˰ͷ
һߣͷ˵ȻһǰĻ󣬿ȴ챻ˣɱԽԽأŭҲԽԽʢȵСӵײ˶󣿲֪ʹˣ˵Ҳ֪ôˣ
ʹ棬ϹĹٲ֮ǰȻҲһԲ𣬿ǰѵƣʮָͷȴסزϣұʥܹǸֵ󣬲֪ǵʲô󣬾Ȼûܴ󽵵͡
ʱ˿̣ĹұʥǳΪֹѾ󣬿ûа˵ӣΪƳ󣬽󼤻˹Ѿû·ˣֻһ·ǰҪôҪôУеϸŷؼ㡣
Ȼ󣬹ұʥ̤һŸȥۡһ³һѪұʥ˿ܣȳ߲һû꣬ұʥɫ䣬ֵغȵ󡭡
ǱߣнʥǿɱȹұʥֱӶˣΪϳʥһңȹұʥֱӶˣٶҲˣܿǾҵоɱʥ֮ǰǰȥꡱȥ
ֻǣһεġꡱƵеĳʥѵεɿȥһ֮˳ʥѵͬʱұʥ͵³һѪΧǵ⽣Ӱұʥŭȵֵܿ϶ִʲô󣬿ǣһȫûоԵʵܹ󣡡
С󲢲ǶģǹһоɱĴƤ󣬴ӣͷʱо֮ǰѶˡ
ͷüͷһɽܵĿֲĵԸӿֲǣЩǴģͷ벻ǳһˣ
ϣûΪͷѳ̶ӶһɫأͨǳܵƤӹɣӴ󣬿ǣԸƤ󲻱°ͷǣ
ΪƤһҪ˲˺üʮŵԪҺ㱻һգ˵ԪҺ޾ϢǴʱԪҺٶȣԶԶϲϱĵٶȡ
֮⣬Գϵ飬Ҳ˼̵ĵزֵסǾͻᵼѣǿǳϵĸһ飬ԪҺܴǴͻȱһȱ󲻹ƣ
ƣνΣ
ϴһˣһ߽ʥʥڵ򣬲ʥʥվڳ˲뵽롢λʥ׵׷ʲô£ɫˢرѩס

ϿʥķӦ֪ǰ£ʥЦ㡭ҳˣҲķŹң
֣
һĶ֣ɲС밲ʥʥʥ˶֣ȻǺ֣ܲȫɲǣʥʽɿЦӦС밲ʥĹɱûӦ߽ʥһнʥĹ֪˽ӣ
ȻɣϷҪ㸶صĴۣʥ˳ȥԱʱʹâ̻ۣ˼ʹâӺζʱоš
ţǵضֱʥˣ켴βͬѪѪڿС
ץѪʩչ
һΣˡ
ɻСڣҲ¶ƣ̬֮δҲȻˣʵҲɲ⣬ǣϾʱڣ
ϿץһѵҩݸСڣָС밲ʥһЩԼҲ̷ţͻأ˴ҡΣ۾ž⣬ȴǰͷϹײպײ˴˴Ͼͻڴ˴


1150 
ȻҪͷһսɴʱ˿̣ϿƲʥġûȫɣҪʱͷ棬һʲô¶ҲսĴʱ
ȷʵ֮УȻ˿ȴģͷ֪ڴ˴Ѿ֪״
˼תϵԸСʥʹɱУǱܣ
С밲ʥԲԣ֪ʲô£ȴصǣ
켴Ͻƻ
ϻСڣСڴһ
ţתʥ˵ͷȲǣģδûлĿܣңǲһҲҪ飬Ȼˣǻһ㣬ʹɱУȻԸԱʹ䣬Զ֮Ǿ㣡
һԣʥѵõûȷʵ񾭱ȽϴҲȽϱɲûгӣϵֶΣѾʶˣʥ֮УҪܻȥ˭Ըȥأ
ôһ룬ʥ˶ԥ
ϲǣ۾ֱǰͻأһǰ洫¡죬ۿһϾҪƿȣ֣
£С밲ʥͷųǵɱУСһɫâʥҲϿʩչһΣĴʥЩϣȻղųǷã
󣬺ܼ򵥺ܱҲܺ
ѡʱǳȷǡǰͷʽϣѳδƵһ΢֮ʱߴɱһԶͷ
ʱͷǸоٶȥƣѾԶˣǻûȫɫش䣬оΣһ𣬼߸𻷣ֱӭ߹ܡ
䣡
ը죬۳һ
ŴԲʥΪİͷʵȷʵ⧲ִӦսһ˲ܷӳʵɣĶ֣ȴ߽ʥһнʥСǱ߽ʥй֮޲Ĵһ
߸߹ײһɲǣͷϱȻΪͻȻϮ߹֮УĹ£ٴγɳȴǺԥأȳ֣
֣ŰͷڵΧȫͬһʱ䣬ˡ
һһʱ̣ڰͷ㣡
ֳѾСǣһƬڿռʥûбȫƣɸоǹɱըܣȫǱܷӦأų̤˳ȥ˵һƬڿռ䣬ȴؿͷ
ǺʥǱ㿴ͷˣϵ·˲Ϣ֮䱻ӣ¶ϣ˺ۣȫ罦ѪرؿڴȻǰȥؿ֮һСǵɫâĹͣ

ͷĽ棬ûбңֻžķŭһͷϻȴһֻӸ˵ķŭб˱ѵķŭ
С
ʥȴǵи߸ϣ˿ɵеĴʥȴ״ﲻɻ˳˵ǷţԭʥҲǻ˵ġ
ǲʥ㻭棬Ҳңͣͣô˻ᣬһٽס˲ʥ
ӡԺɲǣʥعͷųϣȴûԹޣֻзȻǻţССн𣬾Ȼðͷˡ
ͷȻܾʹ˱նɱסеܱը֮󣬰ͷͣס˺˵ӣ˳һˣϵһ˲䣬ͷ۾ֱðŻ棡
ȴǷǳĵЦˣ˵ͷһ㼤ӣ֪񲻴ˣǲǼѪڣ뽻һξѪҰ
ϴЦˣųϴЦģаʥСʥʥˣЦ̶ޱȣʥ˵ĴЦȻɼģڰͷĶͲһˡ
ͷųϣ˵
ͷֻǿʼϷںأϼ̼Űͷ֪ڰͷϵ˵ƣģصġ
ͷϣתͷʥˣΪʲôҪϷ򣿡
ʥǡ
Ϸ֪Ǳˡͷޱ˵ţȴ͵شΪʲôԱһԱѾˣ
ʥ⻰۾ǱЩηɫת䣬˿˿Թޣ
ǡֵ˵ûУ˼ҸͰЬʱؿġ˵ֶ꣬԰ͷ˵ͷ󣬲ٶȣҪˣҪȻѾն˷Դˡ
ң
ʲôأ
ϴһʧڰͷǰһĿ꣬ǶʮԲ


1151 շƳ
ʮԲҲһɲСںڴоɱУҲôоɱһ֣Ȼֻһ֣һ־ѹͷһݡ
߽ʥӲѱץƵˣʮԲǲ˵һְӵʱ䣬ʮԲսսվ˳
շ֮УСһֱĿСϣ۾ľηǰŨʮֹڷţǰǵâǾɫģҾûпۣǾɫɫɫʲô
ʲôС֪֪ǣ͵òٵ͵Ḷ́ģΪͷҪ󣬴ö࣡
ʱ̼ܵİͷʩΪ֮£൱ڡ󡱵ĹѾƵòˣûġҲ˽ֻ֮ǡ󡱣ǡ
ƳЩ󣬰ͷĴ۲СȻܵ˺ҲΪأͼڴ½Ƴĵҩ˳Լ̷֮⣬ָСڡСʥˡ
ʥǶĬжĬȻ֮ǰͷǾ仰̼ǣϿʥ˵òͷ̫мˣҪ㣬ҪΪǺѣ
ȴ˵ղŵ״ǿˣðͷˣȻңͷǵӣظѹǳŵһս֮ǲʮ꣬ұ㻹ɣʮ֮شȥȥ
ģ
ʥ̧ͷѿʵʥ˵۾Ҳľ⣬ʮʱһ˵ܳǶԸ߽ʥ˵ʮʱ㲻ʲôָһӶѡ
ϻͷɨһˣǵѾȫҵУõƭ𣿡
ʥһûжԥʥ˵ãҾΪʮʮ֮˵㻰Ҷƴ
һЦҲʮ֮ߣҲԸߣ
ܣ
ʥȻҲ⣬תˣôģ
ʥʥһۣ˵ã
ͬʱ߽ʥҲ˵ˡá֣
ϼǶͷˣЦӲã˵ԿҪ£ϣеִƱزǵߣҲҪľҪģܲĻǲĵĺá
֮ǽʱ䶨Ϊʮ꣬Ϊţʮ֮ܽʥܾͶ佫ǳʥ֪뷨᲻ΪȻó̫ڿ
һ𣬻󷨣İͷڵҪ¶һЩƣԱںƴս
һ£Цͷٶ̫ˣѾǶʮҲˣ⣬ʥҲЧңأϾȥʹҪٲŬһ㣬ɾֻܿԴˡ
˵꣬һ̶Цϴʹȥͷķˣ˫Ѫ죬˵СӣϷģƳϷĵƣϷԸ
켴ͷ϶һ𻷣𻷣ԪۣҲùۣǰͷӴָȡһ
𻷷һһɿֲϢ˷Ӷȥθ͵סһЩҡҡ׹󣬸ǱϢѹƣܵסһ󱻻ٵòˡ
ϢһʥȵʥȻһ֣һȴٶȡһŷħ£
Ӵӳϱһƣѹķʥ˶Ϣ֮УĿޱȵľȣһ˲䣬ԺޱȸСԴ˵ǺϤڶԸʱ͸ܹһΡ
йһħľ飬αһε࣬ڿͳȡţüͷһ壬ԥٷһŷħڵڶŷħ˲䣬ͷȫʩչԦʹʣµȥ
ʱȫ飡
һ˲䣬һ𶯣ͻſҪ³һѪǻûȫ븹ķħҪ³
˫ϬݺһȭԼؿڣǷħظ˳ŽѪҲ˻ȥһȣߣƻʹɱ⣡
ȣ̼ͷģģǵƤȥа˸йĹͷӣ汦塭


1152 ֳһ
ƻʹɱ⣡
⼸־ͬŸӣֱӶ˰ͷһУðһɽ⣬ˮ㣬𻷵Ĵ߶֮£˷ѹȥ·󷨣Աˮ⻯ȥֻǡʱԱ衣
סϷģ
ͷе𻷣ʼ󡭡
ѵʹſڵĳϣоԼµҰһ㱻ݻ٣кâɫӲ԰ףǹճĻȣȴʹ࣬Ц⣡
ˣ⻤˵ɵķϹʵ۷ֲ£ܹȡṩܡʥٶ˵ڵֻһ·ߣǸнʥʥɱˣ֮ԣ֪һУȫ˵˳
ʥûлˡǻˡȻǻûӦ˹ؼʱ̣ȻȥƽϣȲʥ˵꣬ϵ⻤ѾȡΣ
ôɡ
ʥѿ˵һܡȴӲ˻ȥΪ뵽ǰλˣɲмң˵ȡ⻤϶Ͳȡ
ʥת˵Ļܿ϶½еҪɻʹڲṩˣʹҲΪ󴢴ĪҪ롭
˵ŵĲʥ˵ȥˣ˫ǵסǽ֮ϣڶ˫֣֮ʱ⣬ڣ罭Ӿһ㣬˷ϵĺڶӿ
ʥ˶Ǹ߽ʥȻǿ÷Щ⣬άִ
СڵֻצӣҲȥɫâһֳһɣֱӿС˫צһ˵ȣؿһˣһãɵ
ʹ棬ķŭֱͬǧɱһ飬ָѾУȫûϵ콫ĺȻ֪ӳҲȥ콫һ콫һֱ׳нֻҪû£Ͳ£ͻԶڡ
ţһ˺ʥʣˣƻ󣡡
沼µĻ󣬲ôƵģ
ǣʥʣˡ
ʲôžŰʮһۣžŰʮһңôҲάֻһµȫתô˶̵ʱ֮ڣͲˣ˵ʥ֮йΧȫɫ԰ס
֮˸ȫ˵ʥʣʮһҵȫɾˣ
ɾˣĲţ΢һʧ֮󣬺ƭޣȥնˣУҡģ壡
ʥԩʥʣС˵öģİĽкԡꡱβˣ֮˱նΣʹеˣȫɫ
ʱһ˴æʥʣ󡭡
ննˡ
ţ֪Щ˵öģΪģŽնˣ˻ֺʲô£ڣʲô
˻һЧ˵Ļңƽ˲٣ȴڲͣغڣôûѵʲô𣿡
棬Ѿʧ۾һĨ˼ղúڶ֮ʱһ˿򣻿ǣڲǳ˼˵̫ˡ
⻰ʥˣɵˣ۾η壡
ȭһȭ£

ˣ
ͬʱϡۡ³һڱ˺ܾõѪȴǰͷˣ˲Сһ·ȥ˴оɱ󣬰ͷȵСӣϷͣ£ҳȥϷȫ壡ͣϷԱԴϷԱ׳ɽϷԱ
ֱӽ⻰ӵȵܷһŲܣˣ뿪ʮ׷Χ֮⣡
ǣ
ȥ
ʱ˿̣ʹ̶಻ϣޱȵ˶֪˭ܲգеˣ
һУ˸ոƽȥ飬ָƵ˻ҵĶ壬߷ǳһǰץסĲӣ˺ʡүү
û˿һþ㽫ӲӸˣȵ˭Ҷһ³䣬ͿһȺ˴ӻʹſڳȺˣˣŭͣԴǸұޣ

ʥһ˿֮鶼ûУһָպȳʱһѾɱȥˣԹһһŵ¡
䣡
оɱҲֵס𻷵ܣˣޱȣ֮ԪҺһ˿棬ѪˣƴƤȥ
һ仰ͷֳһ


1153 һ
ϸѪۣƤ֮У
ԭΪصƤ֮УͿһ취֮ԪҺݽߵ鷳£˭ϣһƤ֮Уȴһˣ
ڿ˵˲䣬Ƿ֮£һĮ˵ϸоɢϢʥǲֻ࣬һ߽ʥǣƤдˣһˣ
˭
ҲȻףʡ
ұôʥʥȴǵһʱ˵ˣұǷϹ֮ͨˣ
ͨ󷨣
˼ƽϣ˹򵥣󣬻߽ʥһģ
ұȴЩɵؿͻȻһˣʵʥôģЩˡ˭С
δ˵꣬ʥѾұΧұͲ԰ֽɫس鴤ȻʲôĿƣ˷
Ǳ޵ķʱұɱǣ޷Ϊʦɱǡ
ʥʣ
ұ¶Цڶѱﻹ֣ҪǻԵɺϣһڽ˲䣬ͻҷˡ
ôұҲҪޣڻҪڽȫɱˣնһǧ飬һ顭Ъ˹š
һŷħ˵ϲںħĵĴǣħʵҪررߣͺñǰܳסǹ֮ǽֻǿݰܣǿ֮ǰ̷ŷħѾóϵرݲУģӦǺúõӣݲеܹõָǵõ˼Ĵһ¥
ȻϸûʱȥȥָƤ֮⣬ֻһûˮڰͷ֮£ûˮҲ˶ʱ䣬⻹֮¡
ǳϲṩ㹻ûˮһס֮ǰǱһȭƵĻһǵˣƤҲܵӰ죡
ңͷѾоɱ󣬺ܿͻԣݲгʲôӣ϶Ҫ̷ŷħ
ħĺƴҩһǹͷͱˡ̡죬ǿѹȥ¶˿ϣϵһõ䣬ƤܣȻӴ󣬹ұʱһҽУѪ˫ָ߾һʯ
ʥ֣ԣα
˵񣿡
ұң
ҡ
ұȫֿܣ˵ϵ˵ңҴһ󷨣
һ򣿡
󲿷ֵľĹұ⻰Щʳʱֺȵ֣
ʱСʥ˳֣Ľұ£ȡľѪŷħʱͻı仯ùұһûзӦرǵӡǣùұľż
Ϊʮ꣬ȡӡɣղ˵һ󷨣Ȼ㣡
ϸɴ˵֮󣬹ұҲͲܵϮٿµľƣûѡˣұ˵ͷ
Ҫ壬ʮ˴ұҲĵˣȴû뵽ȳһ仰ǽұǷӪƣʥһˣԷ䲻ˬ
ʱͷӻʹг˳ûˮǰɢŨɱһȭûˮȥ顱һûˮѷ죬ͷҲܵһɷ֮ɷ֮ʩչȥɣͷۡ³һѪ
ͷ˫ٴαѪ֮ɫٴμ𻷣ûˮȥ
ʵģûˮˡ
ͬʱ϶͡ұ˵ٲóһоɱ߽ʥΪףľԵģվͺ棻ǽԵģվԴ桭
ǸҪ̤ķλ
ǽţǶһЩԱ㵽ʱܹõؿʩչұԽԽԺüͷԽ壬ȳһ֮ͣ󣬹ұʵˣ㲼أ
һЦģҾģڳÿһˣǲ֮ģ죬ҾʹһԻ˲󣡡

͡ұһȫڿ־֮ζǹұ־֮࣬ȴ־ϲ
Цʵˣ
ǻش𣬳˵£ҲҲ֮һ
⻰İ
ʱͷ𻷣Ƥȥ


1154 ٺΣҷ
¡¡
ըףͷ˸ղһӰˮǰܣƤײȥȻͷƤȴ˿һҡζûС
ʲô󣿡
ͷ󾪣ȴٴμ𻷣һα󣬰ͷȫļҲͣˮⲻˮйȥǻһ𻷣ϣţƤзȥ
顭
ը쾪죬һ֮棬顱ֱ˳Ƶġۡšꡱͷһ㶣ʱ뵽ײģͬһķ
뵽⣬ͷһӸ۾Ѫ죬ȴɢȥ˵Сӣ˵ģͳϷһս
һЦ˵ͷôҲһԲΪʥôҲ˵ӵļⲻʧ𣿡
̶Цͷüëһŭɫӿ𣬿ǿȥ˵Сӣ㲻ң
뼤ŭңǿ˭˭ŭһ䣬˿Ϥоɱ󣬱ߵ˵ҳһսҲǲܵģֻҪԻȥһʵǽԼΪн𾳽磬ұһս
㡭
ʲôңһΪƴսǲŽ𣿡ףԽΪ鷳ҿԴ͡
˵ţԪڤ٣ƵϣɲǼ䣬Ϊ½ֻʮϢ֮䣬ĴԲΪͽн
ΧһˣԼͬ˸͵ȸ߽ʥ۾η֮ɫŨ֣ʲôȻΪ
ڣң
عɱĺУҪ֪нԲǿ˽ʮʱ䣬ʮѪʮϢ֮䣬ͻС
ϣҲһʱסΪԪڤΪٶȣǰ˺ööࣻңղſΪ֮ڵƬҶ˷ܵҡҶƬϲҺΣһΣǲҶƬ
ֻǣҺβû
ͷľü˿˿ȴǼԪڤ٣Ϊﻹ˵ͷӣǸһ꣬ҲƲҲµ󣬲ɣȫΣҾͷΣ

ͷƣ繵ǲų˵Ļ
ôΪʥ㣬ҲңЦȻ㲻ңҹҿͷһ˳ҲϹһ
ӸҶ
ʥ̲סˣȵΪϷ㲻ɣ£ʥʹŽٴ£תͷԹұ˵αң˳µӡȻٽĻԹע棡
ұЩԥαãܶһΣûⷽʯҲòˣɴ˵ҪǲǺ
һαջһ
˻棿
ұѿڶϵ˵ͷұӡעԹ򣬶ʯϣϽӹݸһˣԹǲԴĽԹˮԹľԹ򡭡
ˣԹʯڰͷ׼ʱֻص˳ֹע˽Բ׳Ҫʲôеη֮УȴԽԽأ
ҽαӳȥ֮ʱеˣСڡСαȥķ򣬺ɱУ˵˵꣬ը
飡
ͷ£סײܣȵ󿪣ͬʱϽйԹʯǰȥ˵ɱм
£׼µĴεİͷһӱУУƤ͵һоΣʲôӦһ֣
ţ羪κ˰ľ޴ܣͷХæ൲αˣעһȫˣ˳ŽЩɱҲըˡ
ը˲䣬۾һںɫĹ㣬ֱǸ𻷵ĿĴͷ塣
ʱͷһҽУԪ۵İ£ٴѣͷһھѪ𻷣ҫһȦȦĽ𻷣ͷΧˣͷҲڽ֮УҡȥѪֹ
кһ䣡
뵽ն뱬ĳȻ˼ţϵĶȴֱԦʹŷԪڤͷȥ˵ͷղŵǵڶǵ
ڣҡ
˺ţȫ𻷸Χסİͷ¶һ϶һֻѪץһץԪڤҲץ˽ȥ
һʱ䣬Ԫڤٲϰͷ壡
̣


1155 ľ
ͷû뵽ô˵㻰Σķ󣻸û뵽ϵĵڶϬƿƱŭֱҪһҶС۸۸飬ڣЩֲܣ𻷶ֵһ֣ʣµѾܹ£ǻһˣȥ󲿷ֵ
Ȼֲ֮Уһʮֲ۵СС㣬һ㣬ȫӽķѪ֮У
ȥ֮ûбըûƻѪ⣬ûڵֻĴε԰ͷ羰һ
ɾò޺ģðͷӵǣͷԪȥ𡢰½ع㣬͵סԪУǹҲУҪ֪Ĺ򣬿ɲһ㣡
£ͷֽӵ˵һ˲䣬ͷɵˣڵĹ㣬ڴ˿̣Ԫڤٷӿϡ
ڡ
㲻ǴԲΪôΪûУ
ǸղŸղš
ŲڰͷϵԪڤ٣ˣˣҲ˵ȥͷʱҲо˲ԾоΪٲһ嵽Ԫڤ±ŭһԪڤٵǿ̶ȻȲϳϵȻֱӾͱ÷飬һ˿ȫޡ
ǣһҲͷԼڵ
Ҫ֪ԽԽѽףҪĻۣȻûеƴԲʥ֮ɾڸղôϢĹٽͷʮĿ޸ûˡ
ͷΪѾʥ۷壬ֻ֮һ֮Ҳ׼񾳽磻Ȼһ֮֮Զ
ЩΪҪ벹ǾͲʮ⣬Ҫʱ䣬пϰ꣬пԶ֮ʧۣ֮
Ϊľˡ
һɾ׵ķŭɽһӰͷӿ𣬰ͷųϺȵСӣ㳹ŭϷˣϷľϷҪ˵ˡ壬콫ҡԭԲϷľ
ͷĵò˰ɣ
ûͷ˵ı֮˵ͷһȷʵʹټϱϷΣĵʵ̫ˣǴԲʥΪҲЩܲס
ͷһߣȡһƿҩ£¶ЦݣСӣʧˣ
Ŷϲɫ˵һ룬׸ôһ׸ܷӳʵأ
ͷضŷҪж䣬ѾֻΪķӿ˿־壬ڣңӣ۰ӣҡ
콫Һܴ˽ѣ㣬ôʧʮΪ㣬Ϸͻָ֮տɴѾ˴ѵҪҶ𣿡ͷԽԽ䡭
ڣ
ҵӣֻһֻҪڣͻڣ㣬ѾһɣԣΪңΪ˷Ծɣ
桭
ôû뵽콫Ȼ⵽˱³ѱʯĳİͷȥһƴԴ
󣬰ͷųϣųһһȥ˵Ϸָˣ׸ϷˣҲûˣ㻹ʲôסϷŭ𣿡
ϴЦͷȵЦʲô
Ҫɱ㣬׾٣Ͷ֮䣬ҷ𣡡
˵ʵ汦壬϶ܽͷըʬ޴棬ֻɱͷʵֵ̫ˣҪŶԸˣ
ȻһʵССûŵģʥ˶ֻ̬ȣͷ͸Ӳмˣ̤һȵϷҪôͶϷҷ𡣡
ɱţɱӣ
㻹󣿡
󣡡
Цţ³֣͹ұһˣȫϵģڳϵĿ֮£վǸվķλϣͷΧм䣬ҲվԷСڽԷ
ν󣿡ͷмЦˡ
˵ЦɣץʱЦһȻûлЦˡ˵꣬ƤдɱҲͬʱ
ʱһɿֲѹ˷Ϯͷ൲Χһҵƣͷƥеƣͷв𣬵²ԥȵҪɱϷϷⲼ֮ˣ
꣬ͷ𻷺Ϊһ壬ֱɱϣ


1156 թ㣬
оɱܿƻ飬ȥܿʱһڰģһսҲ֣ǳУͱɱУʱһ߽ͽ´󣬷ӳһڳн֮ǿߣ
գԾ߽ʥһнʥʮԲټСڡСԼһʮڣٴβ´оɱ
һǧ֮ȷʵԺԲƣǣÿһڣĶԺɨһǧϵĵˣǴԲʥӵĴԲʥ
֮⣬ͬǣоɱѾó޸ģԻΪģĳһ̶ֳ˵һǧҲģ֮䣬ȫǲͬն
ڰͷ֮ϺɱʱϿƤ󣬽ܼеһɵȥͷĳһӣɽ
ͬʱϾȭͷ͹ұˣһģһƣСڡСҲצӣ̬档
ͷ۾һݣٴ³Ѫ֮ϣʲôֶΣסϷɱ֮ģƴϷҪҲҪնɱ㣡
˻
ǳ粼һ㱻ƣͷȣˮˮͰ˻ģ
ʱӲӵˮֱϳˮɽˮֹں϶ɣн֮޵Уˮ֮͡಻ߺ϶Ϊһֱ߱ǡ
ңͰ˻֮ˮֱһˣ
ͷ˼ʽҪóڱ֮ء
۾ȴ˱ܣһȣ򣡡
оɱתǿȫʩչʥǿˣȻĹ򣬵ǵ򲢲Ǿʧˣǿ
ʱԵ˲伯ڳһˮˮľľ𣬻еȫתˡ򡱣
򡱻ǰСǣӲ̶ȣǰֱһ죬һڵأϻоˡеɽɽ꣬ޱȵػԾ׳󣬶ɽ׳ָ֮ܣ
ֵϷĹֱѰ·
ͷ䲻м˵ˮͰ˻ġײϣ԰ͷǧ֪ˮһײǡ򡱼̻ҷ𡢻ΪУϽʳм
Ȼʵͷģ˺ֹʮǧˮײϣ򡱲ûбնƣûб𣬰ͷʧɫǺ򣿾Ȼֵܵס򣿻˫Թ򣡡
ǲֵܵסģ½Ĺ֪£ƫƫܹס򣬲ͷ𾪣ұȫˡ
һ˵ȷס򣬿ǳϵһӵ꣬ӵ
ͷȻ֮£Ҳת˲ѹ£̶ȵܵס㻹ʩչ㲻ܣϷܣ
˵꣬ͷŽ𻷷۾Ȼ֮ɫ뱬
䣡
ۼ˺ƴġ򡱣ˣʱĽˮҲûˣɵϿյİͷҵõ˻ȥ
ۣ
ͷͬʱ³ѪͷأҲǲᣬɳϼ֮ʱ˾λĺֻһ𣬳ȴѾѪѪ漷Ѫ
˵ⱬըܣ͡򡱱ó˼أټϷħҩĸɾ֮ķɣ˺֮£ͬвлʱпܱ紵
͵˻ڳ˰ͷˮ˰ͷ֮У
ͷ³ѪųϣЦˣЦϷΪܹˮֹ򣬾ѾǾţ벻ϷĹеţϧеţҪˣڵˣϷҪذɣصöɣҲˣʩչóڵ״̬󣬻𣿾㻹иɱУ㻹ʩչó𣿹ɱһţϷµѪܵˣҲֵˣ
ͷ仰˶ڵ״̬˭ܿóҲΪĳϣǼȻֱֱͦ
ͷٴһѪĳϣףЦˣ
ϿЦͷŲһͣȵͷˣ㻹ЦóЦʲô
ЦֻܣΪһж֮УΪɱңϼӣ˷ɣͷüȵթϷ򣿡
Ҿթ㣬֣ԣ˵ţͷɫ䣬ֵһûֵˣҽ㹥Ƶˡ˵ţ泷Ƥ󣬽ͷս˴ָǰŰͷ£𣿡
ų˵ĻųϳΪͷеòˣ۾һתû֣˲ʸ˵Ϸھͽȫɱһ¼ҹˣ㻹ʲô

ЦøˣЦس


1157 ƴҪ
Цʲô
֪ΪʲôϵЦͷоͱûеףľƴΣҲûõİ취ֻнϸնɱľܸԭ
ЦЦʲôܲܽҵȫնɱ㲻֪ˣ
ͷüת׼˰ʥΪʥֻнʥֲͣպúʣͷûм𻷣һնɱһнʥûҪҲҪģĵ٣ԣͷʩչ֮һʥȥ
ʥͷ֣ЩţнʥΪڴԲʥǰǼֱɱɾڰʥﾪ֮ʱͻӿһɺƴȫÿһ浽״̬źƴӿ룬ʥҲޱȵţԺ︡һ仰Բʥ
ʱȣ֮򣬸ǣ
һأʥʩչ֮򣬡顱һͷʩչĽ𻷾ȻסˣǰƶãͷɫѸرʥȴǸϲ֮ɫﷴ߶ҵסˣס˴Բʥһ
͡ұˣҲ¶ϲɫһǵɾ͵õıϣ
ͷЦʲô𣿡
һЦһΣе˶ЦˣͷϷŭ֮ɫֱ⣬һɨӣ򣬶ų˵һ󷨣Ϸ۹˭൱ƴɱֲã˿š
㻹
ͷ۾һ䣬СӣΪϷûнʥܹܵ˵ӴܣϷͲţһҲܳܵ𣡡
˵꣬ͷһֱӳһȥ
ϮԲ޵ֱֿ֮ӱҳ⽴ͷЦСӣϷڻסϷ򲻣ϷЩȫɱ꣬ܽ赽ܣɱɱЩʥֻӣֻԣʱȻֻʣ¼ҹˣ
ϼ״ٴЦⲻͣ䶯ͷΪԼβˣ߿ЦʩչŽ𻷣һһڽ֮£һֵܹ
͡ұǸոհģֵˢˢųϣɳȻ鴤ͣ䣬ͷһնʮ֮󣬻ͷϣҫ˵Сӣţֵܿˡ

ͷЦˣ˵ʵ̲סˣЦˣͷعͷȥɱЩˣ𣿡
ʲô
ͷȻףɱʮˣֻЩˣѪģվͷ㶣ʵСӣƭϷˣ𣿡
ҡͷͷԹұ˵ڶˡѪ⡢ͷɲ󣡡ұס׽ųϸղ˵仰
ڳˣ˭Ҳɵӣô˵ɻ֮󣬾׳˵仰˼Щ˵ȷʵˣɶоɱ˵ǻû
ͷȵСӣݣ
ɱԼҲԶˣȻЦݣ뵽´оɱ׼͵һģڣд㣬Щ߽ʥЩֻรˡ
ͷɫȵϷɱһΣȻɱǵڶΣɱǻΪޣʱϷβ󣡡
£ٴЩѪ֮ȥҪҳޣϲᣬͳħħȥҪʹࣻǣڵѡڰͷǰֵ쳣ɣ֪ͷѡȷģȷʵûҲԭټ
ԣԥأһڷ£
ħһ븹ҩһӷʹˡꡱǹͷ׳ħҪȫǺôһͳȡڵһ˲侹Ȼˣ
Ȼ
ʱ֮ƬҶϵҺΣȫһ䣬ƾǧٲԴԴϵҺοкģԪҺֻƷױǰ˺ö࣬ڵһΣֵܹ֮ǰʮΣ
һӴӳڻӷԪҺܣħܣԪҺ£Ǻޱȵӿ
Ѫ֮˵İͷвǵϮ͵һͷųϣԺ뵽ʲôһȣϷƴҪҲҪ𣡡
Уͷӳ𻷣


1158 Ϸţҡ
ҲûϵŷħȻ䣬Ȼʱ˿̵ĳϣҪҲϲ䣻ƬֵطʽռڳϵС磬ƺҪǰ޾ԪҺɱ³һңҲԪҺһ㣬Ʒס
ߣϲˣǱߣͷȴǾˣˣǱŭˡ
ܵǹϢ֮ƣͷͻ˹֮ǰȷȷʵʵթǸʱԥһ㣬ɴһ㣬ȥЩʲôʥʲôһģֱޱȵǸСɱȥ˵Ѿǳ䶨ﻹõ˵ģ
֮ǰˣϷҲɱ㣬ϷľͻԲͷţӳȥһ˲䣬ڵΪǱܣΪһ׼Ҫó֮ʣһ
Ͻüһ˵ͷˣֻϧѾˣԱΣΪ˵Ҳɣ
СӣϷҲĵˡ꣬Ϯȡǰ汦壬𻷣ͬһ˲䣬ͷȵ𻷣Ϸ򱬣ըǣ
䣡
𻷱ըˣչըܳ˷Ƕȥ֮֮ܳԻΪޣֻգ֮䣬ǣȫһƬ棬˵˴϶˸ɸɾ飬
Ȼ˺͡׺ײ汦֮ʱ汦һ㣬ܵطһȦȦͽеըܣȫ˻ȥ
ұһȺˣˣ𾪵ĿУεĿ壬ܹըǰ˿˵Ʒױ𻷻Ҫߣ
ͷɵˣ̶ˣŭغţΪʲôС˵ʵԱ˲ʲô˵ɱ
ϱö࣬汦ǿܣ汦ָܹʹĻֽ֪ӳܣ
鲻Խأ뵽˵꣡
Ϸţ
ͷһȣ˳ϵ˼άͷɢŷϢٴȵˮͰ˻ģ
һУҡͷջ汦壬ٴξȭͷڴоɱУŵĴڣȭͷǰǼʽӷ񣬳˵ͷһУʲôˮͰ˻ĵĻ죬ˡ
Ϸţͷֺȳĸ֣˵ϷͲ㻹ʩչ򣬻û뱬Уˮ򻷣ϡ
ôȷһʩչΪҺһһгԷ˵꣬Цݣޱȵأһһ˵𡪡졪ȭ
£͡ұ˸оԼڵйѪ֮ȵȣȫ֮һգֻʣһ߿տյ塣
ȫڳһ
һȭʱһƴƥĺڶҫֱǰ˻Ľˮ̾
ͷͫ׷Ŵ˼£۵Ĳţ֮ǰƹ𾪣ΪоԼʩչȥĽˮܱڶɵˣǽˮҲɵ
ƻȫָ
ںڶУһ֮ǰɻָоֻǣȥ˼Уȭǰţˣ
ȭǰڶǰ޾ѹǰ
ͷˣһˣˣ
ƣ
ڶתȻ٣ͷܡ򣬻ʩչ򣬾㱻𣬰ͷ֡
飡
ʩչߡɭɭڶһ°ͷֱۣɲǼ䣬ֱ۱ӣޣͷ״Ͻһֱֻ۱󣬿ˡ
Ѫ
ڶһײͷѪֹ
ķѣ
˵꣬ͷһͷ׷񱻻һ㣬˲仯ɻҽ¶׹ǵ˺ۣƹһݺأꡱһͷֱۣˣͬʱȴҲꡱ졣
ͷŵ˼£û뵽ôԲʥȻɥһн֣֮ԶҲӴ֮Զٿǳ뵽⣬ǿҵķŭ衢ĵȵȣһԶӿͷͷǹɾ¶;ĩ·Ѫ˫ۣϣȵСӣϷҲҪһ·
仰֪ͷҪԱˣһûˣȻֱֱϣҪںôƴĺڶһƴ߽ʥԱܣڶֵס汦ڣ
Ա
Ȼһȳȴûը𣬰ͷҲûըϾףͷȴ޾ԨʱԵʹ㣬̻ĵ


1159 һȭ飬ɫ
ﴦɫôĲۣ
Ȼɫ㣬ͷ˶Ԫˡеѹסˣһ˿𶯲ͺӦǾκˡӿȵĺ棬ӲССɫ˷ƽ˾
ͷɵڵȫȻû뵽ŹΣڴˣʱһԱԱˣɡ
ֻǸڶԽԽоѪо˫ȥо˺อһ̾ҪѳѪ֮
أڶʧȡ֮ģǰȴһֻȭͷֻȭͷȴоȭͷӿܣղǸڶȫȭͷһ㡣
ͷ֪Σˣøɸɾ׵ף
ͷ£ȭͷҽ˰ͷĵ飬ͷųϣȻţͱһнնɱˣӿͷûȥַ콫˿̣ӦûΪ׼ɣ
εĺڣûˣͷϵһҽУ̶Ѫ֮飬ֹķѣֱǧаķѣѪɡ
ֻ£ϵһֻȭͷ
ü仹ɻ󣬽ŴȭͷǰͷǿŸɫԪˣ
һۣϾͿɫ㣬ʱ뵽ɫ㣬ֹס˰ͷԱкһ׻жã֮ǰкһܻǸ졯֣£кһĹ򣬾ôԲʥкһֻᱬܣӵкһأ
뵽⣬뵽Լıˡ򡱣ʮɽɽ꣬һƲңҲܱƳҾ͵ȥһɽꣻУպóô˻ᣬȥϹٲһˣ䵽ûˮꣻȥ֮ǰҪ£һβ
ֽעŵԪ֮ϣ߲̽˼ţ߳ЩָӣΧͲԴһˣҲһȻǵˣҲýϣȻЦݣΪףڻˣţǶôõһ¡
ڴԲʥڷϹ类׵һߣŲҪģǣǵĿڳʱЦס۾¶η塢ݡηȵȸӵȻ򣬲жôӣûһ˿棬ӡ֮⣬гϴͷβֳֶΣӲнΪնɱ˴Բʥ
ʮ꣬;ΪЧɡһ̣˵˵⺷Ĵˣӻʣõĺô
ʱ֮˶ָһ룬ϽɫԪˣŽװзڵĴָ֮УоһԼӣȻûȫָǿȣǸ̨ףرƬҶӣڿԪҺΪѽӽ߽ıԵֻҪһܹ̤߽֮
ƬҶҺΣʵ̫ʱҪȻ˵һȭ򲻳Ӹпŷħ֮±ݻ٣Щ֮ϲ󣬳תӣʵ˭ԷϹĻȽϤзϹֲ
ұϽվ˳˵ˣҶԴ˺Ϥ
ǴҾһһˣֻȥʥ
ǣˡ
˵꣬һ˺ƺƵȥϴ˾٣ȻǽЩʥȫ֮£Ȼ¶Ҫ콫󣬵ȻŹЩʵú콫콫ҪĳԴռ꣬ѰɫƣζϢȵȣǳ㡣
ңϻһֱһ֮ЩҲóɲϣʵӣܹǼ¡
Ѿ˼նɱԲʥĳϣ˿̣ţ֪Ǻεȴڣ
һ·ϣҲܽŴ˴δսľ飬ܿأ͵˱Ƿ绪Ϲǿһ߽ʥһнʥ
䣬ɣ
ϵԸһ㶣켴ϲ˵ڵĺ䣬ԳͶأƨƨ۵طУվڻʹϷȵ֣ͷҼˣݼ
̵ģ˭ʲôϷĵҰϷУһӰӻʹֱһֱֻ֣¡
һ˿壬˵֣ͷòҪһëȻأ
СӣϷǰŴ˵ط֣ͷ˵ţҪһƽĳ⽴ͻأ˳һˣʱɵסˡ


1160 ʥ粨
ʥʥʥұʥôˣ֣ͷջֻƣ˵ȻͬǸ߽ʥЩԷϹʥ
ôӭұʥЦ˵ǰȥʥϰ벽֣ʥεۼ⣬ȻһдΪȣһнôùұʥ𾴣Сʲôͷ
ȹ龪ȣ֣ʥ΢΢˵Ȼӭλʥǰ֮أ׼ƼȣҲþ۾ۡ
ˣǻʱ䣬ֻǸһ£ϹѾûˡ
ʲôûˣ
ǵģոմ˴ˡ
ˣˣ֣ʥе𾪣һһͣϣĳֽۣôҲģұ˵·һǼǣŴ˻죻һ㷴ٽնɱ㱱
Ҫɱأ֣ʥüëһݣҪ֣뵽ǰôʥֻ¸һ֣Ľ֣ɨһۣ֣ʥ˵λʥ˭
⣬ǵĴˡұųϹ˵֣ʥԼĲ²棬¸ΪֹұϵĹ飬װģǳĵģһ£˵ˣҪ֣ĳ˸죬֣ܵĳķڷɡ
仰ҲޱȵĹɻ溬ŵ˼ȴײЦĳڷķ
ˣ֣ĳˡ
֣ͷ𾴾ƲԳԷƣܹʥ
ұ˵ţϻִϣ˵ȷҪҳ֣
Ȼұû˵꣬ǰҲ֣ʥ񣬡ѵʥڴУ˼ðΣǰľϸϸ֣ʥһ˵θ취
һξѪʮɣɱϹ
ʲô
ְɡ
˵꣬һ֣֣ʥѾ֮򣬿ɿʥĹֻǿջȵҽʱȡһξѪϷӽʱ֣ʥסʮɡ仰˼
֣ʥձ֮ʱнʥҲ˳һʥˣʣнʥҲˡ
ͣĹʥϹĸ٣ʥģҲʮѣ󣬳ʥʮнʥ
ˣϵӪа߽ʥʮнʥʮԲ⣬пȸ߽ʥСС֪ǼεĴڡ
ҲʱϸϹϢѾ˳ȥϴһηˣһεķڿɱһͶˣϾһֻһһΣʵʵһžǧ׵Ϲ
ʱ콫Ĺ˭Ⱦָ콫һأǼҵļǹĹƣ
Ϲռ֮ʱû˽콫еڷϹԵȷϹƣ丽һ󲿷콫ʱЩ˾֣һʱ佫Լ˻ȥϽôǰ콫
ȻԳϳţȴҲûϵϲ֮죬£óŮʽܸݣͬʱҪѰҵЩ֮ڣɢ˳ȥǺ˿ʼѰšѪܹȵҩϡϡͼɽˮƾõɽ֡
ϹˣǸгֵҲ˻ȥͬʱϹĹϣоһжôĻսǧķϹˣԲʥûӵóһУǸҪ콫ġ
ôܣ
ôţȴֲòţתԼ˼ά֮ϹܹϹƵˣΪУڲܣϹҪϹĺ󳾡
ôһ룬˰񣬽ǿ콫ֶԽ˵ȫѼǸ˵ϢϲʲôʲôҪŹ
ⳡ粨ɲֹڴˣ⼸Ϲɳʹߣǰ콫콫Ȼ˿ֻ̻һ˭Ҳҽ䵱ܽϹ˵Ĺңһ
ͬʱҲ̽̽콫ʵ뿴ڽϣὫ˭֣
粨ûƽõϢҲˣ׷ռйسϵϣ֪ôһ˴ڣʾ˹ע
ʱ˿̣ٲȥ


1161 ɽս
ٲһ˵Ժֳ︡ģ϶ư磬ֺޱȣǧˮڱֱͱڣˮƣƣɾ
ٲȴֵĽ
ûһ׳ƣ쳣üžǧɵˮһӸɽ֮ϴģ¹һкġ
ٲ֮£һ̶ˮͬǼžúܣһˮ鶼
ұһϴ޵ԭס񣬴󲿷ֵֶٲ˵ȴǵһμЩ㶣ȴֱٲмܴˮꣻСҲ۾ֱֱ
ʲôһʥﶼڲ²ţ˸òҪһ֣Ϲɣ뷨ģʵ١
ûʱǱСڣԾУ뿴ٲɽٲΪٲȻģɽͱɽ
֮УϽɽиòһնٲɽ֮⣬оɽɽΪȥɽͣٲɽɽߣɽҰȥɽ֮䣬׵Ԩɽ֮Уһٲ֮⣬ȥľɽоϸ֦Ϫ޹غبɽС
ǾǺǰˣڳƴƣٲļžγĶԱȣ
ǣϿ⣬ȴӲû˿ìܵĸоǾɽٲ⶯⾲һеһУ͸һ壬һ壡
濴ȥɽЩ˵ƣֻɽȴоһ䣬ҪӰͻȻһȴëͷСӣϽɽүүŭˡ
һ㶣鱨棬ûᵽﻹиˣ仰ϢɲǽӽڰͷˣоϢҲˣĸˣ治ǽܽӴġ
ҲԣɽôûǿĴأֻǲ֪һˣһ֮Ĵڡţȴ˵Сȷʵ֪ôʾһң
Сӣ㻹汿үү˼뿪Ȼ㲻ᣬүүͽһ̣ȴӿſڵϣһ͹ȥˡ
һ㶣֮ǰһ仰ϲ²϶һԵ֮ˣһ˳ģһз棬ҪɱԷ֮ˣһ仰ȴ͸ˡ
ΪֻҪһˣϻл֮⣬ǹģǱˣŲڰͷʵ˵ͣ
ȤЦ˵С޶۵ýʵףҪһʾһң˵ţѾùұһȺˣ˴оɱ
үүҪ˯أ

ȤŨҪҾͳ˯ž
Сңүү˯žͻˣͻѪүүãѾһˣ㻹ʶȤ
ȴᣬѾ쳤ХóɱȻ϶ɱ֮ͨʩչҲ̫󣬵Ҫ˯žѾ㹻ˡ
ȻһӰɽسֻһ˲䣬վ˳ǰ϶һش󺰳ܣ
ǰڣܼΪƣֻܸƸŨò޶£ܿζһҵܾҵζ
˲ԺЩԣϲһ
ɺ֮󣬳ϾͷӦǰֻܣԲʶıܡ
ܣ˭ܿԣ飬۾ͻһȵСӣ˵үүǱܣ
Цԭ㻹治ˡܣҲΪʲô֮ǰ˵űܣ϶ǰͷܣҲ˼ĺøУ͵أ뵽ͼڴ½Ĵ˵
ǡʱܺȵүүͲˣүүӢս񣡡
ս񣿡ʵ㱾½𣿡
ϻүүɽô½˵꣬ϽéٿһȵСӣתƻ⣡
ɽиĸ𣿡
ĸҡҡͷүүûмүүܼ𣬾ֻүүһ
㻹ͬ𣿡
ҡͷҪ˵ʲôȴ͵غȵתƻ⣬үүĵղŴүү˯үүҪȳһֻ֣
˵ţһץ
ʩչߡѭת˲ƣֱӴ֮о˲Ƶ˴оɱУ˵Ҽ㳤һģһܣ
ģܾУһ㶣ȵƭүүүүҪֱۣ


1162 ģ
ƭʲôղҾΪԲź˱ܣ㲻˫ȭţܹӱ󣻻ܹ֮۳ɽ
ϸϽǰʩչʽȫ˵һ飬ǼӰŭƣͻԼʮ֮ĵط˵˵ģôһ¶
һ䣬ֶԳ˵ιСӣļһֻүүô׳ôܣ
㲻ţ
ЩţЩš
һüһЦ˵ɣҺģ
ģ
һ㶣ϼ״ܸò󡱵һôɰɣû꣬ϾͿ֮ɫͻر˾ϲ֮ݣ̫ˣүүþûˣǰЩɽˣүүץģµòУʵû˼СЩ֣Ȼүү˼
˵ⷬʱȫûнұһ˷ܵǿһССڣСڵʱ۾һ˿ɻ
ܵĻЩֻܻӲͬҲ֪ǴĶѧģЩԱسơүүĻѾеغιСӣʲô
ĸղ˵ǲģ
ãܼ˵Ҫˣ͹ԹүүԸʹ죬Щˣȫүүԣ
أ
ʵܾһͷԷʢ͵ӣ˵үүģ
һأ
ûһүүˣүүˣҲ൱үүӮˡֱ׳Ȼ˵Χ˲סҲǿ߼Ūˣ˵ҪԲأ
ܵ۾ûԲԲΪүүһСָͷͰˣԣղٶȣܿ죬үү죬⵹Щ鷳ʱˣô죿˵ţ
ͬʱõϢüͷɱȥɽʲôϹɽʲô֮ѵ֪ɽҲһֲĴ𣿡
ţ۾תԸеʥټȥٲһϷһ룬ǸһѶϢԷһ̣ϣɱǿֲڣһܾˣʱ޾ͽһշˣϹʮϹ֮УǿϹֻҪ޳񣬾ܡ
뵽棬Ŀе̰ޱȵŨ
óܾ˵ģ֮⣬һˣһɽ֮Уһˣȫ۵ףһӢ˵Ǹн˭֮ǰٶȺÿ죬ֱ뱾ġҡֱϾ˹ؼʱٲҲΪܶ
Ǹн˭ҲûмΧЩʥµϵã
˵
һǷϹʥһǷϹʥ
Щ˶ΧнתģнĪǷͷ֮ˣֻɽǱʱ淢ʲô飿˵ţжϣһҪܾˣСӵдã
ǣϡ
סһҪ׽ͷܣʲô⣬һҪշޱŵ˵ţշֻܣܹڵķ۰ɣҪձΪŵӣǡ
뵽˽ȭͷյý
ߣҲһֵĸооƱ˿ӣΧխ̽ʲôùұ˲̽һȻǺ޽ĪҶˣ
ʱͻһİ˵ү취ˣүү̫ˣүүҪȣ˵Ļܶˡ
˵ܾ꣬Ҫϵ˫ץȥ
СҪһԾΪϽ£ֶ̡ܵԺȴһסŽ޴УСţί˵ץʲôҶ˰ˡ
СڣԺ͡
֮ԽСװ޴ΪǹֵĸоȻʲôҲûв̽ǳԼĸоϻ׼ԼֵģǴֵĸо֮ˣ
ҲԺͻȻðġָ̡סˣţүү̣ô͸оôأ꣬ܺղ˭˵Ḷ́үү


1163 ĶĶģ
ܿŵĻûֵĸоСںܶһֵĸоʹ֮Уֲ׷ǵСءǿ󣬻ǷĴڣпܻĳЩǿ֮˵Ĺע򲻵֮ʱܱ¶Сڡ
ЦŶ˵벻Ҫĸ˼һ㣿
ĵȻԽ˼Խˡ
ó˫ȣ˼ǲǺǰץȥĵһ
ƫͷһ룬˵˵úҲеһô죿
ٸҴģһ᲻ܰˣҲ׷ǾͿԴģܲ׷ңԼʲôʱ׷ңʲôʱҳԵ
Խ˵ܵ۾ԽһһĴģŪǽһӿȣϼ״Ž˵ֻҪûм֮ǰ㲻ɱ֣Ǿ˼ĶĿԴ˵ˣȻܵÿ죬ҵΪͰҲ첻˶ʱ䰡׷ܹ׷ϵġ
үүϲˣԽԽã϶ᱻүү׷ϵģܿЦЦ˾ЩԾȴûðͷ
ϼ˵ҪҵܣҪ֤ӮûӮ͵úҴһ𣬻Ҫܳһʱ䣡
һ𣬲УܽԴҡ÷ɿ졣
ЦھʹһģܲܺҴһֱܵһ죬ܵĻǾ˵ˣҾԣѸղŶ˵̡չֵǰ
۾µµת˵㲻үүӣôүү˯
ã
Ƕˡİ壬ұһȴ㶵ؿųϣţ˵ȭͷûϵ˵֮䣬ƭһڴʥһǿߣ
µ˼ȴûᣬɨһɽкŵٲЦ˵ҪҪٴһģ
һ̾ͼ벻ܹôĿԴǰδ飬ë˷ܵæʵʲô
ҾɽٵٲҲٵ
ܣ
ѿڶ͹ұҲĲţۼʶᵽϵǿȴǲųɽ٣ŵͬʱȴĳϣ
ҲҶģ
ģүүȻҪˣҪģܵ˵뵽˵Ļô죿
ˣ㿾ԣ
⣿ã
ϵ·ԸͲԴ˵ɽд뵽ֵĸо˵ȥٻأҪߵ̫Զ߽ʥȻΪʲôȴУ˿ûΪǸ߽ԣȥԾǶǵĳһ㡣
ͲԴ뿪˵ϣҪҪץһףͬʱ֪н
Щ⶯ȴҡҡͷûԶûкƴɱʱóȻ֣ܻݾߣʵΪס
ܿ죬ͲԴˣһֻƻһֻħƷ׶ǳͣϵʩչ棬ֻħ˵ΪţҾȿԡ
۾ֱŻƻͼпˮ
ʵϿĿģȴȸܳͷղܣźüȥ϶Լպţܹܳ˻ԣ
ʮӺ磬Ϸϸֵϣζ˹ͷÿһѪϸһ㣬ǰĳҪʵ̫ˣζˮѾǧˣ󺰵үүҪԣүү
ֱӽ˹ȥ
ץסھͽӴļ˸ɸɾͷӶʣһ㣬֮˵̫óˣүүûгԹôóԵ˿⣬̫ˬˡ
˵ţֱܾһȥеĻƻҲˣڳ˸ɾȻ󣬶ųϺȵٸүү⣬죡
ҡҡͷ㻹ûӮأҪӮˣҾÿ㿾ܶܶ⣬ԶԲ
۾һת˵ϽʼүүͲɽˡ
ʱ˵ĿʼҲܵţҪңô죿
үүһƽĳ⽴㿾үүԡ
ǺãǾٴһģҪ˴ŵңһģǾˣҲ㿾ˣĲģ
ȻҪģүү˵ģүүҪ㿾أظ˵ЦˣĻشѾԤ֮С
ܣѾпʹ¡
ϥ˫ڵأ


1164 Ҫԣ
˫أ֣Ǹڿգڵء
ƺʱ˷۵֮У뵽ڣԪҺٽͬ
Ҳ¶ģô˻ᣬԼΪ߽пܣһٳ嵽ԲΪ
ұһˣȻŴоɱΧţܣΪӮöԼΪܳԵ⣬ҲǺᵶǰ档
е˿һĻ˼άʵЩҡ壬ɻţոҪɱôƣн˵ʲô֮ǰĿ⣿ѵ˵нÿͽշˣ
뷨ֱ˾ûޱȣ˵ÿͽշô࣬ôõĳıôõѪʲôֱһʦʹܻؼˡ
УԲƴɱʱʩԾܾ֮£ܱ֮ضԶԱĹ۾ѩѩǣҪʲôƴɱأ
ţ˻ԸԼ£˵Ҷ취ܻƴɱҪɱܾ˵ľ档
ǣϡ
һȺͷ˼š
ٲ£̶ˮǰٶȣԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ұҲо˴һ㣬سܣظоˣͷһ۳ϣ˵϶Ӯģɽôôܾأ
һ죬ʵԼ㣬ƽһ˿Ƶ̶ˮjһȦһȦ
ɽ򵥣ʮɽ֮޲ɽˮл桭ʱСڵԺ𣬡Ҷˡ
һСڻǺڵ֮ʱҪôڿ϶ҪϹһսСҲ۵òᣬΪ˵һЩҩȴԲ뵽⣬ϸϽСڷųСڲҪ¶Сڴˡ¡Ȼ˵߽ܿ¡ǻҲֻдԲ۵ΪСڵʵЩܲ쳣Ҳضῴ
СҲʼʱɽ׵ˮ㣬վ֮ؿʼˣɽʼ΢ҡˣ˸ظоˣԴ˴ʱ˵ġ̫ˡ仰ǻôǹ˵ΪǿȻʱŷ֣˵ģûˣɽȻҲͻˣ˵壬Ȼ˶
һȻҲǸоˣǻû취о䣬еĲȴǿ˵ɽı仯Щģ
˹¶ģ˵ڴȥǣ
ʱ䣬ڴٲ֮£Ӱû£ȵʲôˣʲôϽϷ뿪
üëһȻйŹ֣
ŭˣүүĵϣ㷢ķݣүү㣬ԣ㿾ԣ˵ţһȥڴϵķԸҶ֣ܵĳޣϵĴ£֮£ֻܣ˵ǰСӲ˼ֻЩ˶㲻ʲôȦ׺㣬С˶Ϊǰá
ǲңܻصڴһϷ˵òƲң϶Ҫǰ£ǰʧȥɣҲܡ
תӣɨһȦڳϵϣϵЦ˵ҪƻǵĶԼǼģҪԣ
ʲôүү⣬үүƴ
ҪĿ⣬ܵŭһӳˣٲڴ˵ʲôȥڴȴһɽεض𣬽У˿ãȻڴԴšȥ
Уüͷý֪ʲô£ŭ˺ڴ䲻Ҫܣôܶˣ
ϣҪ־Ⱥڴ𣿡
˶ͷϳ֣֡𣿡
ǣǲֵĻڴ͡
죡
һȣţҪҪԳֽڴնɱܶԱһ˿øУٴС˿̣û뵽ڴΪô£û뵽ڴҳϣֻܵõܣ󻯡
ţ͵ؿ򶫱ߣ˵ϣһȺϹʥмǸϹĹ
ϹǵɽʲôĿģʲôӣ۾︡ԺȴٴϹӲƴɱٽƽȥ
ҲоϹһ˵ĵźڴŭȣСӣòͷˣôүү⣬үүҪͳͳˣ


1165 ģҪһ
оһ˿Ųˣһ϶ǺڴģԣһƽڴΡ
ţӴӰֱȥҪһ˸ΪĶģ˴ŵϣȻˡ

Ϲһ߽ʥоֲܵϮԥؽ󣬾ʱײ˫һת֮䣬һͦɽ壬Ȼɽ֮۶ɡ
ܽɽ£Ϲһʥ൲ûȺ֮У뷢Ǹ߽ʥǵͽʥȫһһķɵһߣչԲʥʵ磻ܱţﻹߺȵүү⣬үүǲͷˣүүԡ
زƣʱҲʩչȫȻûϵܻṥǣҹͻȻ֮٣˵Ļһʱع֮ʱܵƣպץ
ޡ
ʲô
ţȴѾץ֮Уû뵽Ȼֻ֮ҪһþСûˣʱʲôͼҵʲôҰĳ֮࣬ȫɢңûޱȵرأҪǸĶȴͻؼһǰҲԵģԵġ
ģɨһȦȵأƭүүүү㵱ˡ
ģģҾó˵ţֶʮ˺ȥ⣬ɽħޣȫǰץ
СٿܵǿҰﻹ˿ԥϽĴȥʥ֮ץȥˡ
ܼ״ɵ㻹ġû˵ܾ꣬ץص̶ߣһָԵĺڴʵϲʶ
ʶ
ͷҡ÷ɿ죬ͬʱҲϳ͹ұˣ˱˻мĳϣ𾪣ô¶ôûдܵӣ

ԴһϽһֿ˿ڴҲ⣬ϾϹĵ̣ոմһƱ˷Ϲ۴ķϹһǣأһʲôĿģһȡˮ꣬еĻҪʵöడ
£϶ŲԴԴȥ˺ڴûŪѺڴָһȻ֮УȻȡһξѪҴҶء
ϽûзѴ֮ɽԽԽӿڣ߽ǽǰ̶ˮв˲ƣðݡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѿץסɳȥһʥһ֮˵ԭôһ¶ܻǱģҪ֪ﻹõŴôãʹܿˡ
п꣬Ժһⲻһû𣿡
˺ȵ꣬֡
ǣϡ
һ߳Ϲнʥ۾߶нʥ˿˿֮ɫƶ˻һ㣬Ӻ󣬽ҧָѪнʥͷģѪ͸ȥнʥ򽥻꣬һĹ̬
ǱߣҲ˵㶫нʥץĶţУ켴нʥнʥŶţȥ¶ЦݣҲץ˺һЩħޣȻ̶ˮȥ
ܿǰǶѵø߸ߵħɽֿЦˣЩħҪȫãǿ϶ܳһʹ죬Ȼܷ
һһǰľƣĿӺڴɨ󣬶Գϱȭ˵֪ǰٲʵʧԶӭ
ˣҽֻнΪɵùǰ
ǰȻǵáûϵΪ棬ΪϿ϶ΪҪȻôܽϹֱȭ˵֪£ΪǰЩʲôԼ̬ŵ÷ǳͣţ죬ܳɴ£
һҲûصһһҪ鷳
ǰ뽲
ʹҪһ
ɫ䣬Ϊݾ飬˵һҪԴҪ֮࣬񣬲ɫ˵֪ǰҪʲô
ҪɽҪٲ


1166 ܲôţ
ҪɽҪٲҪĶסˣ˼㼱תҪٲʲôѵ˵ҪϹ
˼ֱ֮˷ܵߵ㣬Ȼֱ֪ӼϹǲܵ飬ֻҪٲǲһ
ңٲٲϹľأһ˵˲Ϲһ˵Ҳûк˷ͻػš
Ҫǣ˲ǰ㣬ҪԴ
ôһ֮˵ֻҪǰϲٲɽǰȡ֮
лˡ
ǰ
Ȼٲҵģôã㽫ٵҲûʲô¶ɣ
ȻȻᡣ
˵ţɻ󣬡ٵٲõ𣿡
ո£¡һը죬ֻߵɽ壬Ȼķѿһ˽ڵʧɽôˣ
ұţĻˣ
һ㶣װιôˣүүվվܺţֿһħɽ𣬡վ㲻վүүͳԲɿˣүүվ
ףɽصɽȥҪɽλڰգһ¡ը죬ܿȥұߵɽֵˣɳһػȥ
ιôҲˣүүĿ⡢⡭
ܷŭαˣʱһ𣬡Կ⣬ҿ԰㿾
˭
˫۵ȥ˾ŸˣǴмǸ˵һҪϼţȴֹЦ˵벻Կ⣿
룬үүȻ룬үү
󵨣ҪȳܣӲǱ˸˻ȥЦҿҪһĻرԽ̶ˮԽ㡢ԽۡԽóԡ
ԣܽĿ⿴˳ϣ˳ֵǣǹֵĸоͻȻʧˣ˵Ȼ˵ͼǸˣ֮Ըңֻ
Ȼûֹͣ˵ߣ
ܵ˵ͷҡҡͷ
æ㲻Ŀ㿴ɽҲҪȫˣ˵ĻɳԲ˿ˡ˲֪ܴһ£֮ǰĺȴǲµһЩ
һ㶣ƺʲô
ЦܺóԣҪǲóԣɾҪˣ㲻ԣԼһ£
ܾúͷ˵Ƚ⿾үүһ£
ɫһָͣ߹ʲôʱ򿾹⣬Ҳǣʥ˭ȥЩ飬Ҫǲƾͻ뼫˱֮
˱ζض˳һֻۣڵϲɣղǻٵɽ˵ҿԣǣҪ̶ˮ߿źóԣطóԣԡ
ֹ֡һ䣬ֿϣϵ˵ѵǴĶģӮ䣿ڿǴŵҡ
ܲôţ
˺ز׽⼸֣Խʹ˸ɫ΢΢һ֮ǰץסǸнʥͻȻԤ׵̤գλȥ
һֱڴˣʲôͷ󾪣ȵ޻
ϧĻţұʥ˳֣Ҫ֮ʱȴ˵һȡ侫Ѫ
£ٶȣסԴȡ侫Ѫ͵ߣϵá˵нʥԳ˵ޱȣһΣȴо쳣һϡڣϽüһᣬֹ̫ˣ
ͬʱɫޱѿ˸о˲Ծʵ꣬ôˣ
˵ȴȻۡһ³һѪɫҰޱȣѪǡǳǹɹ֮ʱͬһ˲䣬һ˿ֿ꣬ϣġ
ϿˣЦЩС̫ˡ
ʲôˣһƣԼ˱ǰ˸ˣϵĶŭˣԼҪ˼ңϹ븲ͲԶˡ
ǺˣһȵΧ
û뵽Լƻֳ©Ŀȴûһ߻ɫ˵ҶԱ֣
֣


1167 һ

֣غһ£
Ȼֻһֵ֣֪Ҳ٣ܹԳơģ˵ҡ֮ģʵˣˣʵ㾿˭޵ٲкιɣ
ڱǰҲô
ʢʮ㣬ȻޱȣһȫûнֻǺͽһĿڳϣԺţܹ˽û˵ϴ޺ʱôһ
ԣиŭˣǣԽŭԽܽ϶вɣ˵ʵȷһʵڴʱ֮УһʵȴţǾ˵ŴͷˣԳƱģȹ֮ν
뵽Ժͻһ磬뵽һֿܣȴЩţˣ̽˵㡭ǡ
ûȫ˵˱֪һ㣬˵ǱõĻشüͷǼӪģǸǰֱһϹȫ֮ȥ죿Ļֻ˵ǼӪı
һԵǰܽЩ£Ƿһ飬պд󱨣ҪǲԸĻϹڼ
һ˸ǲãǳвҲûдЦΪվŵǸˣȷʵ˵ȳһиǲã
Ȼ˵ˣվ˭ĵϣΪôһˣΪΪϹĺ̨ҲĴڣ
ΪΪһϹ𣿡
ĴҲ׳ְɣ
ִţû뵽ѲҪʵ棬ˣǣΪһֻܣֵ𣿡
˻˳һۣʵ˭
֪
ҡҡͷüзߺ֮ɫȻڴ֣ЩСϸ棬ûбҪ佻񣬲ЩϢֻҪһ߳ȥ֪˵һͷˣʵڲֵã󣬱㽫ϵĴ˵˵һ飬˵ţ뵽ЩϢ֪ٲж೤ʱˣ
ĻҲǾˣû뵽ϾȻĹ£콫ɱϹԲʥ
ţ˵ľȣȫ˶ʼЩ˵ﻹõŵٲڵķۣնɱԲʥȻҲܹƷܣʲôǲǾΪܲôҲܲ˵ԭҪȻαҪأ
ԽԽôһ̶Ȼ뵽Ҫ֪ôһˣмӰɣĻ񲻳˱ľ֣
뵽ܣһ飬ʼ֮ȼգȼճҪ¶ģУĿ֣ܳһ˿˿ܶУɱһδ֮ʱ
һ뵽ĺôܽһ춯ص˽շǱǱ˽ܣֻڻʱԱ࿴
ųϣţЦŨ㱾ܽշֻҪնɱҲ˵ҲܴﵽĿģң˳ץסܣ˵ܳô˻ὫϹ֮£һһãôõĻᣬǲҵѾֵñˡ
ֻշ˳ϣΪһ㶼йȴûնɱ˳ϣȻնɱԲʥǣڵ㣬ܲôţܲˣֱ֮㻹ţ
һУģ˶ųϣ˵벻صٲȻջ񣬸ˣñʬ壬վøߣϴްɣ
нĵλȻҲǲģ˿̣ҲϵеһԱ
˵Ļüëһʵʬ壬ֱΣǣܽһ֣֪ϵңҪĴۣ
ţһ鶫˵֪Ĵ˵𣿡
һǶһƣϿһ족֣⣬һӾ˵֣Ҳǿ顰족ƵĴ˵
͵أĺޱȵؼ


1168 һΣ·
족ƣ
ɲĺ٣ʵ족ƵĴ˵ϴ̫Ķɣһ족ƽȥԻϴһȷѪ꣬
˵ӵС족ߣΪһΣҲ䡢ɳ֮ɾˣ
Ϲ֮£ѾķϹɳ֮£ǰˣԹұʥһȺˣȫûԹ֮飬ټơ֮ǰ˵ĻѲ³ӣ߽ʥнʥڣ˵֮УСЩʥ乧мӣǱ۷˵ֶΡ򵥡
Щõ˵족Ƶ̫ΪֻҪķۣأǺֹǳһΣǼֱпܳΪһĴڡ
ǣЩ˵ԼһΣɾǷͬ죬ܹܶܶ飬ܹһγ֣ڳ֮ʱϹٷ֮ٳɽΪ
ɶǱ컹棬棬˵¾񣬿족ƣҲǳᡣ
벻ȻԼͷϣڿ족Ƶһ˲䣬о˼ƶĿɨ˳ϵϡ
ʱʲôģȫ׵˾֮⣬ҲǴһ֮ǰԼͻȻֵԭ
Ϲ޲ܻص串ޣҪɾ֮λ
ţѾһɲǼ䣬ԶϹʹ֮һߣȻ۾ʲô£˽źţ
£֮߳˿΢ϵ񱼶ȥ
˿飬Цݸǿݵʵʲô
ϣ棬ôܹܾˣ˵۾ȴǽڡ족ϣ˵죬ȫϷԸ
ã
ֱӽ족ˡ족ƶ£Ѱ·Ϲٲ֮ء
족Լʮֵļ¶˷ܵزΰ룬ʵ֣Զˡ
Ҫ족ץס֮ʱǡ족ƣԤװأͻȻʧˣ˶ڵһûзӦù
˲ϢҡҡͷգգۣٿСУȷʵûС족ƣʱͷһдأ޵ġ졯أ
ĸ߽ʥͬʱ̫ͻȻҲûпߡ족ƵģʲôǣǸое
ԴڳϵĴ
Ϣûһģĳ֣Ϊһìܣǽǲɵͣ족ƣǲݣ
ʥ֮ԶҪ˵񣬶ųϣȭͷ˵ǰڸղҽٲ͸ǰķϣǰƻ¡
Ͽһۣ˵ٲ֮飬һ໹֮ʱԴҲ족ƵĴ˵˳ϣϲȥı飬֪εѡһڱ֮أȽ족֣ռ֮λԣϾ֣ǡʱСڴ˵ܹϱСڶ֡
һ
޷ŭˣ޻ҪΪ㻹ܻȥ޸㣬ˣϽ졯ƣ޻һȫʬҪʬ޴档
ŭٽǰԳˡޡڳڿһĻģˡ
ܣһ˫۾֮ǿòСڣ֪ʲô˿һܣζЦһ£ȻĿڹұϣ˵֣ҲӦòһţڸһѡ񣬳ڱǳΪ֮ˣǻл񣬼ʲôֵӦúɣ
˵ͣһ£ұϵı飬ܹŹ֣벻ΪʲôּвǼˣ֤ɽǽ֮
ǰһ˺һڣѡǰ˺󣿡
˶Źұͨ


1169 ɱ
ڣѡ񣿡
̯֮ұһָӣһҪ˵ûǶģǾǼٻ
ϴ޵ʥ٣ǣܳ嵽ʥΪҲҪͻʥ֮ģ֮٣ô֪ģҲǽ˶ѣʵôȴ֪
лǵõһ˿˿ĵΣ˵Ҳ˵һʥ
ǣ˿ǶôˣôҲܵͷͬ⣬ֻҪǸҵͷĽ֣
˼ҵһ֮䣬˸Ŵһ·ߵڣߵ⣬ѡУֻǹұͨģϾҪųѧһ󷨡
ЩǸ˶֪˵Ҳ²⣬ǲǳ뽥ַȫȻû˵ʲôطܹͬʱƽʮ˵ģǽ꣬нʥֻҪǿƸ߽ʥҲֻһ
ԣ˷ԼĲ²⣡
óϳΪ¼ҹ˵Ŀûдﵽкǲˬǰʲô¶Ǵ˿̣ҪշҲڹ֮¶ȻֻҪǣ浽ǸˣͲ˳ǳز˳ˣҪշܣ˸˺£Ҫ֮նɱҲûгɹ˿̣ţȻҲǽЩʥ
ָоһ˳һļ̣Ҫʹ䳼˼ԽԽأΪǣշ֮裬̤ôȣôȣ
ǻᣬû뵽˲ʶôȻˣǽͱֱˣ˺޺˵£䡱һұɽȫˡ
ŽĿСƿٵɽ֮ɫŨ˼״Цܡ
ܵģԺүүͽս񣬲Ȼүүһƽĳ⽴ܷĿһǶħɽ˼Цս񣬺֣ϲҪһս񣡡
ս㲻õûԣֻҪܽǸƿԭأһٸˣһǧˣһרΪ㿾⣬ԶٶУʲôζģܸ
ģ
˵ԡ
ѿھҪӦ£Ǹµ֮ʱȴָ˻ȥ뵽һһĶģ뵽пܴڵͬ࣬뵽Ժһġ̡ԥ
˵ֱˣôûгɹ
ʱϿˣ˵սٸģֻҪӮˣҾȻ㿾⣬Ϊ㿾֮ǰó԰ٱ⣡
˵ҪʲôĶģ
ܵļ֮ǰʤ˰ٱֹšġƺץʲô˵ҶɱǸˣ
۾ֱǸˣ
ҪɱҾˣҾ͸㿾⣡˵꣬СڵԺ𣬡Ҫɱ̾ͳ㡣
⣬Ȼͷ͵ضסˣֿ죬ĥݣ²ԥαǣֱɱȥꡢ˺ȵЩ˲ʶ̧٣ֻҲʶ̧٣ʹߵסĤݣ
켴ĿǶ˵ֻɱԸˣǸˣӦڡ˿ųϣͻطֳϵΪϢڷ仯϶ʱ¶ЦطΪܲôţҲȥ
ûȥƽĿǣһֻš족ƣһȣСӣҵģ޵ĶʵǻòͷˣҲ¸㣬ʶģϽ졯ƣ
ϵҲˣϵ˵ҲãպһȱһŵģԲʥҲʸˣ
ȥɣ
³ȥϿƵнʥ֮⣬ʮʥ߽ʥнʥʥһԶұɵĴоɱɱȥ
Ϸֳһ־ƴоɱʣµľ󲿷־Ƿɽٲϣľ飬Ҫɽ̸ɾҪʱ̫ãĿǰʵڲʺϴ־սĿǰһԲʥһӦԣҲԽ֮ӦԣҪĸֻ¾ΣˣǸˣһսͬȡˮ꣬սپ
Ҫսپ뽫ɾֻںڶ취ˡ۾֮⣬Ǳߣһȣܣ


1170 Σ
ܣ
ܺŭͷ򽥻꣬үүˣǻУүү㣡УһֻѾ¡
ۿҪ£ֻ۾ͻĹΣܵβһͣҲûĵȥһ֮ʱзɳǧâһӣܵ֫һסʱ룬ҪܵĺʵëƤѪꡣ
Щâӡ룬ȫľ֮۶ɡ
ͬʱ߽ʥͬʱǹǹֱܣнʥǺʩչ֮һһ죬ܵıǿסȵ֮ȥ
ˣҲûţһʮȻɳΧһȦʮоʥʣµҲʥķ
Щ󶯣ţȻһó˶ķӣϹʵ١
һ˲֮䣬һɱоŷǳܣڲ˵ֻǸסĽ꣬ǵѪͣ
ֻǣŴԲʥʵܣȴ׾ͱµģӲ빥ëƤǹϮ̲Ѫϣ粽ѽ
ȴ޾ʹӿȫ£ʹһˣ쳤Х
𡪡
ֻƴأӼǣ֮УꡰۡһٱһѪɫҰףڵأﻹ˵ţϣ°²˿ƣ
ֻǸ߽ʥԸ߽ʥƴԲʥʵܣѾ㹻ˣϢһдã˰οҪýȥԸϡ
һȻǸм㣬ҳޱȣлϡ
ڽѪ֮ʱʥȳ֣ǹͬʱѿϷɽѪƹƤѪ֮ʱΧѪ⣬ȫһڣ
ЦˣϷľ֮򣬿棬ȴ˶˶Ѫɢɵֵ˶Ҫȴʱʧȥսܣ˳ʱ
𡪡
𡪡
𡪡
˫ڲͣģҪǶĳȥǶѾѪҺĲȥܱǵΣСԴٲϣҲǵĵţүүҪǣǡ
ЦˣһĻͼܵģǳһСС⣬Ǻڴܴˣǽ֮ǰˣȻĻ껹ܽܿƸʱ䣬˿һۺڴҪǺڴҲڣˮסܾ֮ܵǰ϶ˡ
ô˶ԽԸȥһºڴ󣬿ܲܽѣ
ǣϡ곯ڴ˹ȥ
˿ܣȵܣ
үүҪ㣡
ڤ粻飬Ϊĺڴ˻ţ⻰ҪǷ֮ǰ˵ûСڣѾѪͶ̼÷ˣﻹôֻ࣬űȻڴţүүҪ㡭
Ȼ㲻ʹģ˵꣬һĨ֣ʮ֮ϣʱһ֮⣬һ㣬
ͬʱʮͬʱըܴģ޿ӣ޿ɱܣȻѾ֮סȫֻʵֱֱӸըѣ켴Ƥ
ܲҽгȴȻǰȥӭϣʼĥܣҪܵİĸĥȥٹԹԵع˳ǵϣĥȥҲҪˣޱȣý꽫ס
һУڱ֮У˺ϲָоϣ϶˵Ҳ⣡
ӭսܣսԻͣǱߣȴҪ౯ж౯ңͷ̽ĳʥһֹڴоɱϣȥľŸ򣬾ֱ˲䱻ƣȻʥ壬ʥҵأȴ͵˽סӵ˳ϵߣͣ±оŵξѪɳ
ɫѿȴþнʥϣһΣѧ˵עʥһеãнʥ˳˽ȥ
߽ʥ
ɾʱϵЦסнʥɲǼ䱻߽סһ㷴֮ûУͬӵ˳ߡ
ڣҪ㣬㰡ｹŵʱ۾ͻһΪ֮ǰнʥϴȥ
ͬһ˲䣬˾غȵһѣ


1171 ҵϷϳ
Ӻϴȥнʥ壡
ʱĳӿס˺ϣܹһٴɱɹͬʱлһȻûв´治ܿסôˡ
һɹγɵĶ̽ҪϮϵѪ֮ʱСȻ˳ϵӲǶ̽һͬһʱ̣Դ˳һɫֱըɳȥ
ǡòõģĽűߣǾѪȴû
ԴС֮ʱһ£ɢұһȫ䣬ҪǸһ㡣
ȱʧ֮ʴң߽ʥû룬˿ɵ㹥˽ȥǰģײɳȥˡ
ã˴󺰳һɱȥ
ʱнʥһͬȥֻʣ߽ʥĥܣǼս
˿ĲܶϵЦݣţڣ㣬𣿡˵ǵ֮顣
ո£Ǳߣڴͻ۾۾һ˿ɻ󣬽ھϲ֮У˿ɻѿڶڴˣû¶ɣ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ڴֱܷȥ˻δͼһŴˮĻܷŭʩչһСɽ߽ʥ˿ڡ
ãڴ̫ʱˣ
ֺȳһ֣ȴ͵ȥڴ󴫳ܵڵϣǴصĳҪ֮
߽ʥʱ湥ܣͬʱڴֱײȥ
¶֮ɫȴûע⵽ڴǾ㵵ı飬˿̣ܣŹâ˫߽ʥȥֻֻݺ£ȫһҪĴ򷨡
߽ʥľ۾âûϵܾҪһ˲ȻҲ߽ʥˣΪ֮ʣ˿ڴñˮֻȭͷơ
飡
ù۳ˮƣڴֻȭͷҲѪֱںڴؿڣڴ󵱼ҷɣҲͬһ˵Ľ£˹ȥ
ڴȻûܵƴһȴ߽ʥ˻ᣬ߽ʥֱܵصԭǰСȻٴܿȥ
˿ڴֶԽ˵չ˺úڴ󣬲һˡ
ǣϡ
˶κвܣȵܣ
үүҪˡ㣡
ߣ
һߣܵˣԶԶ£һ߽ʥٴο񹥶ȥһ߽ʥٴγУֶʩչһЩ֮ȫնɱϵĴս֮С
˿̣оɱѾˣԴұɫ򷺺ڻ̣ЩԲ𣬸ǿ°ĭֻнûг
ɢ˿ڴʱʱ룬Ѫ֮УȻ󣬹ұǶ˸ܵ³ܸң
Ͼƣ֮ɫת˵ϣȫµĶ
ãս󹦡
˵˵á֣ǰЩȻɢȥǶܽұɾϥĳϣɫ԰ޱȣǻѪҺ߽ͻƵϢҲüΪȣҲ
߽ʥнʥԲΰΧȥȵ̳졯ƣ㣬޽
Ҳȵ·
ʱ۾ЦҲҪ
ٿˣ˵֣ôдҶ֪дҿһ£
ͷˣװˣᣬʲôʵװݺݵĥֻҪһУ˷߷˵
ڿţһҪõ졯ƣ
ʥȹڵϵЩʥ壬ȫɹ۵ĳǹ󵶡ʯӡӵȵȣ۳ϣۿӾҪϲסЦǵϷݵò˰ɣڣ͸ҵϷϳˣ
ʱǵڵϵľнʥʥͻشӻѹʥ빥߽ʥнʥȴ߽ʥ߽ʥȴǱ͡Դұ֣ʥ£Сʥɱ
ҵĴоɱ󣬻ָ
Ҳһ˲䣬еĹ̽
Եĺڴٴ⼫Ť뺰ϣСġȴǺȳһ֣


1172 
ôͻȻ
Ϊܽ족ƶȡΧƶһϵмƻ
Լ֮䣬ܾϵȫʵһãһ졭
ȻҪ֮ʱͻ
߽ʥнʥȫûзϵЩʥһѾԣѾжˣ
ټϣǾ󲿷ֵȥϣʽȻϣڽΪ飡
ˣЩʥͻȻ֮ʱǺ޵ֿأֹУȻ£˵ϣãŸоԼľѪȡˡ
һ󹦶ԵãûĶɲ׽Щ£ڴʱСʥɱе飬Ʊo˱ˮʱסҲˡ
Σ٣˲䷴ӦּӣȥҪѪ⣬Сʥˮ˲ȵϷͲˣв˶
ʱһ紵ɫʱףֿǱߵĹұǣȫվɫޱȣһжӶûУۡ³һѪţܣǲܲжġ
ŵشţСʥѾķֽˣ˻ȥ
ͬһʱ۹̽̽ĺλ˲䱬Ҳ۳̽Ĳϣ
Ѫѣô벻ףԼô˺֣Ǳô̽ϵĶ̽ȴǱըڣϵĶ̽ޱȡ
壬Ϊʲô
˵ֻȥҪȥҾͲò
һҲɣ
һ
ôشסϹһθԺ
ɱ֮ʱº͵ĺڴԱˣչ˺ڴĽֱ꣬ӱը˸飻ҲûԱܵĳ
û񽥻ôߣԱϮ֮ʱһȦȦɫɫһģһһǹȦɫͻ᲻뵽ͷϵ졣
ˣҲǶ˼ɼǵѺۣϽѪʱ˰Ѫˣ˻û׵׳ʲôµʱǱӦú޵ֿܣ͵һαǣһɿֲܣܵڣж֮Ҳʧһķǰĸ߽ʥֻץȥҪ롣
ɫҰףԥأ϶һȣֱܵȥŭֵܣȫûнȵһ¶һ˫ץ£ȴҽУȥֻ֮ϣðѪ˳û˵һԣŴ
һУڵʯ֮䣡
̹󣬴оɱɭȻޱȣҪЮסˣ¾ˣˣ˻䵽˼ҵ
ǰһ룬˻߸ϣһ̣ȴǵ䳾ҪǱжǱ˶ų˵ΪʲôѾ˱֮ŶԣΪʲô
д¡֣ҸΪʲô
ϵ˵˵ʱȵ֪˭֪վ˭
һˣֵעһʣ˵ʧ룬ȷʵˣһΰˣɾʲôˣ˿϶ٶ࿴һۣ뵽⣬ֱо޾ڰ֮Уϵǰȴָǿ顰족ƣ˵ңڣ
㡭
Ѫˣɱ˵ġ족ƣ󷴵˼ҵıǿԼ侲
֮˲뵽ʣڴΪʲôԱǸΪʲôɱΪʲôĻ
һ뵽֮ǰһ²⣬ĪǣǽЩ˶ңЩѪǿǵĹؼ
ôܣôܿƵסôˣȽֹ򱶡ٿϣֳϵϢѲٻңֻǵѪš
ˣȴԲŵţղŵһУģЩжˣеУģ
֪
˵
д¡˵
˱ŭŹ˵ΪһΪȫȫ֣ûñôĿôصˣΪñܹ˵ģȫˣ㣬Ҳ⣡
𣿡


1173 վ
û䣬жһеĻᣡ˵ָֻǰţǸ㣬ϿһۣתͷԹұ˵˵һڣˡ
ұһ㶣켴׹Ծ֮ɫԼڴ˵һ֮䣬˿϶ͽ˵ĻˣûǣҲϾǿ
Ȼ˵仰ұͬʱл˾֮飬ʥ͡ԴˣȫޱĽұ
Ҳ˳ϸûн֪ôģǲںӣͻŭ𣬺ȵڱǰģȥ죬Ҫ㣡
ţһһųȥϱǡա֮ɫ֣Źȣ˵ֻųʥΪǣųǿķȣ˹ȴ⹥
һȥ˹һ㣬̵ܼ˿ȥ֮ɽѪ˴ȵ˭
ʥϽȻ֮ɫǸȵʵ̫ǿˣŴԲʵ֮ܶסοǣһǵΪǵǱȲܡ
Ȼʥ˫ȻڴŲǣǲûк˿ȥûгϵˣ
ٸϣϣڿ㵽¶ء족ƵĻᣬȻĻ˽Щ˴򵹣пܻջء족ƣϾʲôæûаϣڣٶȣټǼӦÿҪ˰ɣ
˼û˸ϣ֮ɫŨÿ̤һƶ֣ʱ˵ˣ˳еȻϬֻϧδӲܡ
⻰˱˵ǣɫһͣһת˸Ǽӿȣǲȫӽȵܣǣɱ㣬õȫ𣿡
ʵҪɱ㣬ףܹôˣÿһ˶ɵǰԱƾڵܵסˣпٻָԪָĵҩֳܵס٣ƣ޸֮ʱҲֻҪһˣ
˱Ҫһ嵽ǰһ˻һ£ΪʹһУǺ޷֮ÿʩչһΣǼ
㱼䣬۾ﾫһ˵ΪԱ𣿡
켴ͷΨһûбץĸ߽ʥ˵չʾҳϵʱˡ
ڿѪ͵ؽѪ˻ȥ˵Ǿ仰ҪԱԾңﷺӿˡ
˼ģɫŭѵ㲻Ը⣿
ϣ¡
ȷʵԸʹɥʧ߽ʥȷʵףڿҪҪʹ֮ʱǸȺԤ׵سǰ̶㴩࣬˲һɢһ޴Ѫûϵ˶ֶôɴ࣬죬˼˵ϣΪʲôΪô£Ϊʲô㡭
Ϊ㲻Ϊԣ˺Գϴ˵αߣ˵ţֲ߽ĵȡǿŽӲӵԪˣޱȵԹޣ
ȴǿûһֻۣ³һѪԪ֮ϣʩչĳؼ̧ͷųϣŤӢ˵طƣԪˣըܣԱܸ󣡡
Ϊⷬóɫ䣬óη壬ȴϣҡͷ˵Ϲİͷ㻹ǲݣͷΪ˲ۣɱӡ
˵꣬ȥˣֻ˵˵ѡǻȥأԱأǱǵɱȡԪ˼
˳ĬˣղһĻҲû뵽
˲ȥ˵֮ȵֻҪԱŵһչ˺ǵĺˣ
˻һ϶¶˼֮ɫϵһʱȻʩΪʩչԪڤ٣Ǹס
⼸˱ҪԱɸо䣬ȴͻشסˣôһǵΪһһĲΣϢ֮䣬ͱ
Ϊڼͻơ
Ԫڤȴд䣬ڵҶƬҡҷ
ǣȴסˣ˹ֶΣȴûģ
ʱվ
˻һѿںȵվ


1174 塢ȭͷ
վ
ʧȣЩ߽ʥΪʧ𾪵ľż֮꣬ǧеĽΪڷ䱻ù⣬緲ˣ˻뵽ҪЩϣȶʹˣ
е𾪣ڿվһ̣ȫ滻ˣ
Ϊβվ
һʣȴǵǵѪŵǿԪˣ֣۾ʱѪ˿
ȷʵվһСòС飬Ƕ˵ȴ׺䶥ΪһֱΪĳطãŲãܲˡ
֮ǰƶļƻȫΪ֮ϡ
ϣΪǴģǸģ
ѹ֡ѹ֡䣬ԭˣˡ˴ţȫǲģ˺һֿϣһһգ
ûзЦƾͼƶѣֻϧ㿴ԥ֮ӣ
ƴһУҲҪɱ㣡ҧгݵ˵ûܽŪƣûУǰûУԺҲУС
ٴγȥһΣٶȿˡ
ǰ̤һʥʱһ·һЩʥ۾ɻ벻׳Ҫʲôұȴ뵽˰ͷԱĻ棻˵ƾʵһ治ǴԲʥĶ֣ס߽ʥЩѣǣҪɱһʥʵ̫ˡ
˿ЦԲʥڱǰֻ˱ߣ˰ˣĶӵķݣһн𣬻ܲ𣿿Ц㻹ڳԣҪնɱȻȫ㣡
˵۾˼Ŀ⣬ֻҪɱˣһжأڣǴûᣬӰȥ׼üм䡣
Ȼһһ̤š
һ񱼣һ̤γĶԱȣ
˴ȳüֻ֮࣬ڹҪ֮ʱһһĶڳϵüǰ档
һ˿ɻ𣬹ȵ֮ϣûը𣬸ûĲҽеģֻࡰһ
ĽȾôͣǰ棬粽ѽ
ɵˣڿס۾ǿ壬ģܵģһôܵסĽȣ
βţǿȷʵסˣ
һε𾪣˵ӿ˾⣬һζ֮ˣ⣬ѵľǱĿ𣿡
϶ЦˣҲЦ˷ˣܵסΣ㻹ܹƱġ커֡𣿻ñ𣿡
ýȵסϵ壬ó켴ۣ֮ϣ⽣͸ŽԹ֮⣬ŻԪϢֻԪϢȻûԹȫںһ
ȭ
Ѫ֮ȭֱӭϣɱӿͲţȭͷܵס£˾ͿһڶһΣеĺڶ
ڶ˹֮
䣡
һը죬αˣֱײмһɽ壬ʯ棬ĿɿڴľżĹ֮ˣֻнƵ˱Ĺ֮
֮˷Լ˲̫أ커֡ҲûƣлԶһɽ壬ٴλϣȵʹСʩչͲúܹƱĹơˮ֡һжͽȻҪ㾿жʩչٴΡ
˷ɱЦˣʹáȭǴӴָȡһŰ˰һһעȥ
עʮ
Ȼ󣬳ϳһȥ˸оӴԽȴȥֿö˸Ͻسȣס壬ͬʱ֧š커֡
飡
ڡ커֡棬커֡ҳƽ״˵ֱӱɢһαҵмߵɽϡ
ҵúã
ܿţţұһʥˬʱЩսľϾǸˣʵϹϵ
˲֪ݴʱ飬ôôĺöʲôͷǿ󡭡
ţһγȥ·ˣΨƴ
ϲԭصȺ򣬶̤շӵĪٴȥ


1175 ʲô
顭
ɽصͬʱһӰϱҵмɽϣȻƤһֱһ˻ȥ
ѭ
ʵѾҵһƢûˣ커֡Ȼûƣǣȴ˰һĴڣסǺƴ͸커֡Ϯ壬ֱоȫѪ⣬Щͷײɢˡ
ԣ֮£˸ûûеȥɽϮϣȻȴҵɽʱҳһ֮󣬾ͻᷴ
ΧһȺˣɵɵؿųϵĿҰΪﻹţˣľͲı𣿡
ֻܣ˫ȭҵƣ޲ôȥңܿеĽȣֻ¡
һη˻ЦڸоΣ

Ǳ
һʣһҷɶȥ
һϢ˵ʵ˵˵ʲô֣
㡭áס֣
飡
ַˣֻˡ
Ц˵
ҪǱ
飡
ٷɣٻأ˿־ѾױȣſڵϰԵ˵һ֣˱㿴һϽƴҧסͷ桰˻ȥ˵Ҫǳ£Ҳ֮أ
ʣֱҷˣֵ֮ȷʵΪҳ֣ǣҪɱңɱѪȻˣһԲʥɱ㣬ͻУͻĸǻɱ㣬ͻԳˣ
вң
˻ش𣬳ѾķɣٴλϷʵΪҾͲɱ㣿µ˲䣬ٴαҷɣ˵Ҫɱңϴ޾Ͳ֮أ
𣿡
һٴɳ
ܲܵס񣿡

һֺȵ㵽ҲǱɣ
һЦ£ٴαҷɵ׼ϵǣġ커֮֡ϣͣˣ˳һȴǽĽȸˣػһ飬ųϣֻЦ˵˵Ŀ커֣ʲôĽ֣

Ⱥġ커ܹ֡סԲʥĹȴԵסһң커֡ôΣѾˣټûӲܵס
˿˵Уޱȱһʵ£С커֡СȡϴޣֻҪȥӦǾԵƽΪǴԲʥס˵֣Ҳй˼ɣ֡
ǣƫƫܣƫƫɽƫƫҪɽһ̽ˮ꣬ģƫƫϷ˳ͻɱ֮ġ
ȭˣȱˣ커ֱˣŵģûˡ
ȴǲᣬŽȾ커ִȥƴ۽ȫȻȴһ˿һһһζۼ커֡ޱȡ
ڽҪµһɲǣͣˣתͷһȺʥ˵˭ҪĿ커֣·
ס˲䷴ӦȻһ㳯ӿȻ֪˵ĶʲôĺǣǲȥȡҲͬģԣȽõ˵
ϸոڿϣһʥΧȥ·˴ţ˭ٶһ£壡
Ѿþȫȴû֮ǰıѾõİ
Ӻ󣬷ֳʤ커֡ȻǱƢ֮˻ãɵЦţץˣǲ׼ҵģҵġ
ʥ۲ѣɳ䶨Ҳֻա
ٿˣֹ±ˣϾһ˿ңϵĴָ֪ȥ򣬳ϻۿȥԴһЦͣŵģһŽָ

񣬳˵֣
˵꣬վҳӵĴɽ
ʲô

ϥҲ˵ϣ
ˣ
ȴ˵ʧ˻꣬ǣҳĿӶȻҳˡ֣ǰĴۣ
ʱϲشڣ죬ѡ졯


1176 ս
˵ţ˸顣
ԣڿͱĿʱһӱˣ嵽ıôţ֮ӿȫڵûһо
˷ܲѣȵ壬ڷޣ޶֮ǰ£̣򡭡
ΪһĻֻҷ㣬һľͻң
ˣΪ㻹ܻ𣿡
УھľݣҲŵǣҲǿԼţЩˣֻܣǸнǰ߽⣡
족ƣڿмӰȻһ٣˲뵽ˡ족ƵĴ˵ʵ졯ô¶
һָϣڣҵġ졯ơ˵Ѿſ۾ųϡ
ʵֻҪ֪족ڳо͹ˣھͻƴȫ֮˵ʱòռǾ͸ܷŹˡ
Сӣ졯ƣ
ڵԸһСʲôһ
ó족ƣЦбð
ʲôʱһнҲ˿ˣЩ£ܷ첻ɣ˵ţ壬Ǳշ£ղֻרעڡ족ƣûἰЩ˱ϿƵ飬ԣɻȴûʲôֻǺȵģ͸Ϸ֣նɱСӡ
˵꣬ȴһ˳֡
ʱϵ˵ģ͸ҳ֣ſͷ
һĻЧȴȫһ䣬Ю⣬ϹʥڳȥЩ߽ʥڿµΪ˸ɸɾټӡвйұʥӰ죬ҲǳɱеһԱ
ڿⷬҲŭ֣ȴȵԲƾǣסϷ򣬼ֱһЦ
սϣ
˫ƴأαǣӭײȥйɽһһڣɫ΢䣬һѳ۶նɽ
оɱ󣡡
̩Ȼ˵һʥ
ڼܾȥǴĲ۾һתȵܣϷÿ߸ϷһɱЩˣϷΪޣ
үүսүүԲѷүүҪÿܾ˵¼ȣԳѾиж֮ģټϴ뿾ջʹȫ
սЦһֻҲҳս񣿡
ڿЦϳꪽⱬһꪻ£ʮɽֱӱնһɾ³
ΪܣȻŭޱȣ֮ǰĽѵǰ棬òâ
һ֮ʱϺȵս񣬽סһֱܣڲ֪ǺȴǴ󺰵ڣǼ
ֻϧˡ
ѾȸץסУȻܵԪ֮ȫƥ䣬סȻ㹻
ٴλ£Ӵһӿ룬ȺȻȥ䡱һײܣڽԱ˵˵øԶ
ڶϣɻ󣬡Сôûֻ꣬ŽһߣȣΣƾٶȣҲֻаķݡ
˵꣬˲䴩һ磬ٶȶȻʮһΣ²ӰƬƬȴһûУӰٴ֮ʱѾܱ󣬳նܡ
ܻûӦȴһȣսأֻһը죬ֱɿ
ڵ۾һ۳ϣȴٴƶܷȥ
սͷб
䣡
ս棬ֱ̣
䣡

εͻȻϮϸƣ߷ǳСܿϷĹ켣ȻСӰ¶Ǿ
ȵ͵Ϯүүүү˺㡣
ٴʧһǶԸܣɱ˳ϣﻹ˵Ϸ㻹óڶ
˿̣оɱѾɣ
һȥһ壬ֱһ㶣ѿڵ㲻ӣɱĵӣһĴ󡣡
仰û˵꣬ڳڳǰʮ״ꪻնϣ൲ͬʱһȣȭ
ͬʱ𣬡ڣСġ


1177 ֻҪ
ܶ׼ȷסڵټȻǲܡ
ԣȳġСġֳ֣ˡ
Ѿꪡ
ֱȫƤըΣӿ£ûȥΪʲôнΣ֮УֻǺԥرһӿ֮Уһ۳ɹꪣ
ﭣ
嵲ס˳ꪣꪲǰ
Ĺϵ
ǡʱϻȭڶȻ
ڶȻ򵥣ں˳йұʮʥ
ʱڶ̾˹ꪣڵͫ׼֮ɫԾȻȴǵϣ򣬳ߡ
ڵ뷨׼ȷ
Ȼȴһ˺ڶڶըһ˲䣬ڵĹꪾͻΪҽ춯ֱϮڣ۳Ȧɸγͱը٣
飡
ܺݺݵײؿڣʱһȥ˷Ѻӳȥֹȵȣûڣ
ոֱײɢͷҲꡱ죬վҲǿסԼķŭܿȥ
Ͻüһȵսʹˮʱˡ
δ£ѾȣȥϽٱܣϧһεٶȣѾ󽵵ˣΪˣڵ۲
һɣϮϽꪵסȣֿѪһЦүүɲǿģ˵ֻ꣬ƹһһɽ֣档
ܣȴǲңΪ˸أֻӲӣɾʱֿϵȭͷӺϮ뵽ղһ˵ȭͷɲȭͷС
в֮£漱ǣ˺ܾûùʱϰʹȻ潫Ҳ۳һꪣֱϮ
񣬶δָֻײȻ׵ȴǾشиǳܵĴ
Ϯ֮ʱϸӦһ㶣¶Цݣ˵þδùˡ

֣ɱ硢ǳܵתӭꪣȻֳִȴɾնССġáҧס˳֮⣬Ȼһҧ֮ⱻҧ£ǿһ֡
ţҧȥ
촫ǣƫƫˡꡱҧһ㣬澪㶣Сӵһʲô
ţɽϣҵѪֹα֮УȭͷϮһǡȭǡȭϵõǸղɽɽȻܺ͵һȭȣɶѾ˵˵Ҳһ
飡
汻˻ȥܹɽӶϮϱ߿šҳһǼǡȭбޱȣΪֻҪǾǺ޼ɣһ˵򲻹ҲôӾôӵĴڣرС硱û֮ǡ
ҲԭϹϹŶô꣬ΪͰͷƴɱ˭Ҳռƣ
ǣûǰ³
ȫûãһнˣˣݽ֮󣬱ȻӰ쵽һʮ㣬û̡
ƣַ֮Ӱ쵽
ɵɵģĿɿڴؿڲ˵ĺ󳾣ңǱһŰȴǱŰ
ס֣ϷҪ졯ˣˣоȥпܱڵԽԽ࣬ȴ޷ѹƵ¡
ڲҪֻϧˣ
ʲôϷ򡭡һ
ֻ࣡ҪһξѪ
Ц˵ڶûɱֵԭ򣬾Ҫ棻Ͻ⻰˵һڣҪҪҪ
Ҫʲôȴ˵ΪĹ̽Ѿ棬ںЩϽסģΪһǾͲκεĵִھΡ˼ĸо룬涼ˣοǣ
˵Ҳ׽ԼľѪȻȵܣ˾Ѫ㻹Ҫʲô
Ȼ㲻ҾѪҾֻҪˣ
ϵ˵ȴǡߡѭȥ


1178 ãʮ
ɱڶΪҪѪڣ缱ܿȥ˼滹ܹ˹ɽȻԶȥ
ǣΪݽ֮ʣò֮ͣʱȴҪȥ

澪תɾתһ˲䣬һץеꪣ𾪣ȴʵٶȣôܱһҪ죿֮ǰοҹ켣ģ
Ҳֻ֪֪Ҿܹ
Ц˵˵ȴ滰ƶ֮ʱϿһϲ²ǲ롰ߡйء
һǲţųϣ޲ýһҧͻȻǡһҽУȴѾ׳ġ˸ɸɾ
󣬳ϸоԼӣӵĳȣȴֻһףպǾŰףһԲʥǧŽһף
֮̾󣬳ֶԴ˽ǳ⣬Ͼˣáȣöˣӣζ
񿴹һųϣҧ㾿
Ϊ꣡
룡
ԥˣŴԲʥʵôܳһСС𣿡
Ϊʲôˣ
һֵͣҵɱϣ
˵óһ仰ϳЦ˵սǼ˵ţһһ˦ȥܱý¡
ڳΪշŬʱڼԶ֮أǧԨһ鲻ĲݷǰһԺ䣬ԺУһô磬òΪŮӣڻСҩݡ
أ̧ͷôЩأ
öüü΢һӣʱһ΢紵΢紵ҩϣɳɳ죬ɳɳȴǻ۳һöӡ
ӣ͸ľ
ȻľӲûüĲƣǺԽԽ󣬽ݻɿ磬ӣҲóɱͬս죡
Ʋݷȴڿ֮У˿
׷ʲô£ĪǼˣҲգѾʮûлعˣǸûȥһˣ֪Сˡ
˵ţȡ˼ҩ֮ӱֱȴǱŷȥģߺиǿɳɳѾ˺ÿһι±ϾͻѺۡ
ǣҩȻҡΣƲݷ
Ƭʱ䣬þ͵֮ϣ֮ϣһ˿˿ûУɾڴվϵһ̣ʱ紵𣬴ñڿԶȥ
ɽУұȫָţԱӦͻȻȡ˻ڹţš֣ڷǱȥʱ棬ϵǼ硱ʥϵĴָȫ䵽˳С
治Ϻȵ
۵ĳޣȴûشٱת󣬲˵һ꣬һ꣬ϷʹӦ㣡ΪҲָˡϷ򡱵Գơ
Цػֻۣϧ㣬ûǸʸڣҸˣҪΪʮ꣬ҾͲȡȻĻ
ȥɣϷҲΪ
ʮ꣡
㣬ɱϷɡ
ʮ꣡
һأûȳǳĬˣ˵αҪɱأԱ͵ˣһˣҲͲΪˣ
˻һӳĬˣ˵£Ͳ벽ͷĺ󳾡
˵ʵûеԱأҲõģٱĸʮΣͻữһ̲ѪˣֲĿ⣬Ŀ⡭
ˣ˵ӿٶȣҪ󡣡
ãүүҪ⿾ԣ
ȻٶȼӿˣˣڸоѪⱻҷɺͻȻĿһ𣬶˵ҴӦ㣬
ѪһΡ
Ǿ仰ѾˣѪѪģѾںˣֱ³һھѪȡһΣӡ£һ˵𣿡
Ц˵Ųţʱ㶼ûа취ˡ
¶ŭ
ȴǽеӸ棬佫ץޱȣ鲻Խ˵㣬ǡ


1179 ·мֵ
Ͻꪻ棬˽𾪲ѣ汾˾Ͳ˵ˣȴǲΪȻ˵úúøпҪʮ꣬˵һˣɡ
ģ
͵˵ľС˵ӿڵǰĻǼ磬һãͲˡ˵꣬ȥ
濴ųϵıӰ˼ʲһǰһӻಫĳˣʱһ仰ĵĿȣվĸ߶ȡ
Ѿվ˵ǰ̧ͷ۾ûгޣֻпն޾ĿնϿ񣬵һʱ뵽Ǳ˻ɽ
ȻܺѾˡ
һΪһ֣ڿҴ̫ˡ˵һ䣬۾һ˿תն˵ҿԸһ·
̧ͷ۾һ⣬ʵΪʲô
̨Դ϶٣Ҫһϣеͼ
ĻŹң
Ϊʲô᣿֮ǰҲ֪˭ҲԹ֪֮˭ʲôϵѲһẦ£ϻ͸ޱȵš
Ѿ֮ңҿ϶취㱨𣡡˵УЩ
Ҫġ

̬ҪõͼϣֻѶȲСǣһҪұ𣬾͵û㹻ʵֻ㹻ʵлᱨͬʱʵҪõЩҲףĸµʱ䣬ֻҪõҪģҾ͸һĻᣡ
˻棿
档ûȡ侫ѪǴòײһ˿˿ĻٽӡԺֻĻȫȫΪһʬ⣬ȥõЩɾˣ˵õҴ£ܷȥ˵ｨЩ϶ûĸµĻᣬŪһµʱ䶼ûУˣ㴦°ɡ
㲻Ϊܶ
սֻһ⡣ϵ˵Ϊܶ
˲˵ȴѵõ˴𰸣켴ҡҡͷתȥ·ʱ˵
ǣˡ
϶˵˵һġ
ҵڶշˣǴӽԺһҲĻ𣿡һӾͷŭˣЦòôŭѡģӴң֣ڣѾõ졯ˡ
һ仰ƿԣҪ֪Ľ϶᲻ܲˣ֣ǣ񡢡족ƣѾ˽ȥ
ֵصĻʹȥɣеˣϣеͼиָԴ
۾
Ҫͼֽţúõ˵֮Ҿͻһ񡣡⻰ȫΪ˸Զ裬۾͵һ뵽˳ϵֶֹΡ
϶˵ʮСʱκ˺𣿡
ˣСס⵽˳ϻ˼ҪҪϵͷ£ʮ֮󣬾ͷɡ
ַԸ߽ʥסͬǸʮ֮ͷɵĳŵ߽ʥӦȥ״ӿζЩԭǱģ˵ҲǱȫһ
ȥˣҪСһȴʵǰΪҽҿһ׷ˣ
ϿԵЦңֻ뾡취Ҷɣ
ɫһ̣ȴûзϣ˵ǰϢ֮䣬ľԹĶ붾ǰֻºѡ
Ϊ˵ʵҾͲɱ㡣
Ҷǰмֵ
Ŷ
֪£ǰԺܺõļãңһһϵܣ˵ϡʱ򣬿һۡ
Ȥ˵˵ֵ
ϻһ㣬һϽӵĽ㣬һܳ谮ϵĽ㣬һʵĽ㣬ĲУǷ磡˵ŵʱ۾Ҳ˾η
㣿磿𾪣ȴɫ˵мֵ
ǰңµĶ
һЦ˫תԪ۳㡭


1180 Ŀ
۳ģǺڰ㣡
۾ɻ󣬡㣿Ķ
ûнͣŽע֮Уע֮Уβתɻ󲻽ûɢȥأü֮ȴ¶˼֮顣
ʴһ֣ˣϸո˵꣬ѿ˵ѵܹľԹ򣿡
Թ򲻾ܿס
һʣ򣬵ͷ˼ţȴͻ˵ʲôϵ
⣬ȴٻشˣ۳ڰ㣬ɲרΪͣң˵䶾ڰȷʵϵ̫
Ŀģоڰǽתô򵥡
ǣ벻ףһ㣻ңƫƧļ磬ͼڴ½ٵϴޣ鿴ҲûҵںڰĽܣˣ벻ɫ䣬˰ڰ㴫ȥܲʲôµķ֡
Ȼ˲Ǹˡ
˼˵һĽ㣻ڷ磬һİϤޱȣҲ˷γɣӶãǣ֮ؼɷ磬ȴһЩ
磬УͬУ֮ϢϿͺľв࣬ɴӸ˵ȻС
Ľ㣬磬᲻ڰ˽أ˵̨񣬻᲻֪Щʲô
Ȼ¶ڰ㣬ܻһЩ鷳ܸڰȣȴֵõģΪоڰʵͻ䡣
ڰһΣν˳ϵӣǱߣܹûбƵ飬һĻεؼԺȻ˼ˣˣûа£ȥ֮󣬸ôôؾҵͼҵϡ
ڳ˵ʱŽߵߣһļϣ˵ղΪʲôҪ
治⡣
˵ҪǲүүܳϿ⣬ʵôǿ⣬϶㣬үүͷһھͳԵøɸɾ

ԣͷϸһһĺߡ
ʱ˵ս񣬰ѽȸҡܺر㽫Ӹ˳ϣϽӹұ͵ŵĹұϥڳǰֱӽȸ˹ұ˵ϣܺú÷ãҲϣܺú¡
ǣˡ
˵ұ֮ǰ֪ģǣȽʱ飬Ȼޱȵؼ֮УԳϸŷ
ͬʱҲӦ֪ܽȸ㣬Ȼܽȸջϵ˵ұһݣ˵һôġ
ȥɣúϤϤ
ǣˡ
ұ߻վоɱλã˵Ŀ⣬ǼΪͬҲ˺ЩŷһܽµĴˣǲѡ
Ͻ֮۵ף˵ҲӵĻͺú°ɣƴɱʱ򣬶ʹȻеġ
˻һʥ۾ɫ죬ҲüΪ٣ǵջһĴ󣬾£Ҳޱȡ
齫ϵΪҲϣڹ۲ųϣҳϵ㣬ԱһлḴ֮ʱֱӽ޷֮ء
϶˵սҲϣңٱţɾҪ
ܲȳϽ˵꣬ʹȵүүһؾ˿Ҳ˺˵ˡ˵ܺ޺޵ؿһۡ
Щ֮󣬳ϱ˫ɽСһֱţɽʵ̫Ӵˡ
תٴ˼֮Уȷʵ̵̫ˣڶܽڶ鼺УΪãŬǰԺ֮ʱĸо
һ䣬ʱ䣬ҴҶ
ϻźڶڼԶ֮أһ㣬Ʈ䵽еԺ쿪ȥȴûзֵ׵ӰҲûзֵܵܵӰңûоＸҪ϶ű֮ɫʱһĪǼķʲô䣿
Ǽ˺֪ܵǰһӴȥɽҪշܣ֪˸ܵܳȥʥǵƣ֮⣬߽ѳƬ
ʲô壬Щ˶ˣҵĵܵ񲻴ǳΣգ֮󣬴ü˵Ҿ鷢ᣡ
£ֱɽ


1181 ˣ
º
ڳСڲҹƴ֮£Ȼٲɽ壬һɿӶɵġ֣ǰ
˿̣ٲҲᾲ¹кѾڰĺ¡죬ٲ֮£̶ˮķɢ绨䡣
ٲֱ仯ˮ֮ĳϺǻɽ֮ɽĶʧƽԭ򣬿Ԥϣɽٱ̻٣ٲøҡ
ʱϵΪѾͻƵ߽Բ߽ΪûǰǷΧһܹ顣
ҲоԼϿ϶ĳֱ仯ֻڡ
ܣйұһʥʵػΧ۾ﾴηվÿһɽı٣𶯣ҲףɽĻٵ⣻棬ЩûعûȫӦΪµĽɫ
˰֣ϽûзϣŽģͨڶΪãѾһֻתһֻԺڶת
ڶܽô򣬻ȫԵʥĹȵȶںһ𣻶ңգ书ܾô򵥡ţţҪһδںڶ֮Ҿɡ
ţȥšֵĴɽʼҡ״۾︡Ϊӵչ£޾ֻȥ£ñ޲ԼȻ𾪣һɽ̺ɲ٣ȴûˣһ˿棻֮⣬ϵɽĿģˡ
ڳϿ˼֮ʱɽƽع磬֮ͣȻʥӰҡΣЩԲѷ֡
⣬ԲǶôô͡
ι̶ˮ֮ʱֱһתˮŲʺ磬ٲ֮УҪٲߣ˵ûнٲ±ڣǷֱµٲȴ˾ˣͷȴϵӿϰٲһͷһ˰㣬Ҫϥٲ֮µĳϸץˡ
է֮ʱ͵۾뵽˵Ľ㣬Ȼ˵Ѿʮ겻֪ںηϵֱˡ
ȻӰȥٵĿ磬۵ҡεĴɽۣ֮ˮب棬һĨٻӰ
ʥԴ󾪲ѣյʲôƷ磿үүˡ
ͫ͵סĨٻӰ
ɫ䣬ˣȻȫȻûϵʧôõ˹ؼʱ̣ͻȻ֣Ԥʾʲô
飬Ľ㣬ϸĲǾϲɫһ˫ȭͷýꡱͣҲڲس鶯
ĨٻӰȻĽ㣡
Ͻһж۵ףķӦ켴۾Ҳɽ֮ϵĨٻӰУĽɨһȦҲĿϡ
ĵĿڿн㣬ûʲô𻨳֣Ҳû֣ôķƵǣȴһѹУһ־涼ѹС
Ŀһ֣Ľ㣬ʩʩȻɽ£ǰп翪ַɸߵһ룬ͻȻȳʲô㲻ʧһֱʧﻹҪ֣
Ųһ٣󵭵һЦСܣܸ˼㣬㻹Ǻǰһô˵꣬ƺʲô͵ر⣬ԣˡ
䲻θɣȳˡ֣ȻЦ䱾𣿡
СܣһֱҪģ
ҲҪߣ߰ţתԳ˵ɽ͵Ƿһ飡
鲻㿴ɽϵġ֣ȴ֪ɽʱͽһΣ˸
ϻصȻҺǷһ飬ϧһɽҲûá˵ŵʱѾΪ˶Ľ㡣
ܼ򵥣Сţټеķ磬Ǽǧ谮һɫƴһõϿɵҲϤĽ̵ĳһ̶ֳ˵ĵλĵλҪߡ
СӰ֮£ҲǼΪ֮ˣһȣͺƳһ㣬һûʲôֻһۼѣǼʮ꼸ֺۼѾ˲
˵ʱѾϷ˵СҪܣ


1182 Ƥ
СҪܣ
үүս񡣡Ǻһ䣬ֲм˵ƾ뽵үүֱΣүүȱһԵģԿǿǡ
ܵո£һ绯͵ײܡ
⧲֮£ֱӱƷڵء
һ㶣˵ûзǣܺôǴԲʥôƤӼΪأȴһֿû͸ײˣɴ˿˵ȷʵܴ
Ľ㣬Ҳȷʵǳǳ⺷
ҵүүֻһȻǣҪǰ˵֣ҾһƤ㵭˵һвûУ˵ĸоһƮȥˡ
ԾŮ˴򵹣ѾоޱȵĶⷬŭֱܣһģһץأץһСɽֱ㣬ȵС椣үүЦһ
ۣ
⻰Цˣս治֪Ǹ˭ѧġ
ЦЦҲǽСɽСɽڵ֮ʱͨɵУСɽ֮Ѿ˹
˵ĻһСɽЦˣЦҲᣬһӣƽǧ磬ɵ״նɽȥ
絶Сɽѡ
СɽĹȴǺôЩ絶ǰСɽƱһ鶹һűֽ
ɽѻ٣絶ȴûɢնȥҪʵ֮ǰ˵ĻҪܵƤܿˣɱͲٶȳܣ˵ù磬ѾƮܵëѪ㡭
һԵ飬ռϷ磬ȴûһĸ֮ɫȵŰ֮ʱɫҪšˮɽ
ۿܾҪƤʱһӰͻأȰվܵǰеķ絶ȫʱͦģȻǳϡ
ûмԪָķ൲ߵһķ絶ϽĽ㣬һӻ£һͷٲĺڷǿȥ޵ϣûκ˹εĺۼȻɣһпǰƽƽݣ硣
ǣϵĳȴȦȦƱ紵һͻȻ¶óЩľľת˲ţ
ϵǿķ絶Ҳڳϵϣ˳ǧ˿ڣ˿ֻƿƤݽѪ⣬ȴ벻ͷ
ķ磡
ǿ
ͬʱ˵˵֮ĵĿٴν㣬ûЦݣҲûʲô㺣㵭˵磬ƣȴĹͷס
ѾʹȫֻһӡϵӦԡ
Ȼ֪ΪλҪվǰ棿
һЦ˵ΪҺģҪȥͬ࣬Ȼ
ƫҪأ
ǼΪǿҵķӲ˵ƽˮ
ֻ̯̯֣ˡ
ֻ㲻𡣡ֱ˵Ȼܲһ㣬ǣȻš
㲻ҪԹ֪
ұҪܵƤȴҪҾȰƤ˵¡˵꣬絶ȻѣһѵѳҶ޾ҶֱϮϼ״ɫ䣬˵һУȰƤ롣
£Ҳһӣʱ
Աߵ飬˫ȭգݽҧųϣһױȵĿϽܣǿһ죬ܹһ۰
㿴ʱǹž޲ϣڳһĨݣ˲ָֻԭҲ磬ѹеվҵǰˣֻ㲻ãķ𣿡
䣬޾ҶҲ磬ֱϵײȥ֪֮ǰŮȻûй˿ΪϢ֪վߵһϣǣھͶ֮ʩܵԹ˵Ů˵ʵֻ߲ͣʥпܡ
ԣʲô󷨣ʲô汦һ࣬ǴԲʥĶ֣ԣ˲֮£϶֮С
飡
ײˣϵ粢ûɢ⣬ȴһ쳣鶯ղʩӵܣײǹӴȫӿ˳ϵڡ
ҶȴסϢĿٴ֣ųϵ˵ķ磬Ȼֻ֮Уһǿǿάס磻ܰǿڽ֮УҲǺܲ򵥡
˲䣬ͽϵһͨ͸ϳԾ֮࣬
˵òһģ죬Ҿ͸һᣬܹһУҾͲٰƤ
һУ


1183 ã
һУ
㵭˵ЦˣǻһУҪоɱֵһУ˵Ҫ汦塣
һ֣óϷ˲١
㿴¶Цݣüһ˵ȷܽһУ
Сһ
𣿡
ɣҽˣһ似γɹ̵ȵȸ֮ңΣϴˡ⣬˷γɣںɽĹս磬ɴӴԺ󣬹ڷһ棬κγɳ಻Ҳǽںϣˣôһûᣬôܾأ
á
һ֣˫̧ʱ֣Ƴ״óô󣬺ͷ죬βڵأϿִ࣬вͬ
δγɣϱо̺źƴƥܣһγ֮ʱؼеһУǻľɳʯ̶֮ˮٲˮҲһ뱻ϯ븹
Щʥֵȫеʵұ˽ȣҲꪣܸɽʯ֮䣬ɽʯ֮࿹
ˣϻظо⡰֮䣬֮еҲУ⻹һʲôܳԵҵĺڶЩֻǣûնĺڶǰ̬ҵԴ֮еõһЩ˵Ӻڶ桭
Ͼؿ˹ұеĽһۣٿϣüһ˿ƣгѵܹɣ
㲻֪ǸҪ֮ǰʹСܲڿСڻ˳ĸ֣Сһ
ĸ֣Ȼ򶨲
ֱҪ֮ʱϲʹǸ磬Լײʯͷļʽݺݵײȥ
ٶһ
ײϵһ˲䣬Сڷǳ׼غȵɢ
һȳټɢˣ
Ȼ绹ڣƣѲڣȻٴ棬ͽղšһУȫ˳桢ұǵѹʧ
ϵûӹЩϯڡ
˽֣Ҳֲ˵Ȼ̬֮üƣ˲һΪϿȷʵǳϵ罫ײƣôţһƣ磬ܽˣʹ̺ǿǹûǿƳĵزҪȻںϲ
滹ʲôΣ
˼ŵʱǴ󺰳ãããһá֣飬ޱȣ֮ǰΪһо֮ʱҪ
Ҳбܵһ죿̫ˣ
֮Уָ࣬Ϊȴûᣬֱֱųϣ˵ղŵƵġ
Ӧòᷴڣ԰ɣЦʣһʧعƽ˵ɳĮ֮õģһ죬ǳԲ֮ʱɳĮк磬ϯǴɳĮֱգ̬񣬽ƾҳοУʱҹԭ
˵һһ仰𺳣ȻСˣŮңͬһˣ綴У壬ҷնǳ磬ԴղǸҪСڣֻƣ
ֻһ˲䣬ܿϾͱγԭţԺбģɳĮ֮УֱգҪյĻ档
˵֮󣬼ϳ˼ȴûгû֣ɳϳ˼ŸղšαƵģû⣬һ˲䣬γɵɢˡܿץסص㣬ǣɢģ
ܿ죬һʱȥȻڳ˼֮С
ܣ棬ұǣٴνΧУػСҲ˳Ͻűߣ͵ضסСڣʱɽζԳ˵ǰס
۾Сڲţֻһ磬罫ɽΧסʱɽҡΣȵţ״ֱ֣裬б֮ǰģǿҰٱ㵽Ҫʲôʧ˼ʮ꣬һγר豾𣿡
ԴˣǲᣬȴǶԹұ˵ϵĽȣ㲻
ұ˳ϡ
˿̣֮ǰͬƣһֻ˫УԾȻһ


1184 Ӿȣ
һ䲻ͷ¹ǵȵȣȴһӦȫȣצҡװβڲѣ
ͷХ죬βء
ʥĸо̫ǿңرǰʥ͵һʥֻΪĴˣֶʵ̫࣬ñ󣬵סԱȵȱһʲôأ
ȻĸоɾǿҵöˣұеĽȶȥ׷һ˫۾ֻųϣȻƽޱȣʵȴѹµӿγɣ𣿡
еĻո£һָող˵ʩչʱƣɳʯγɡ
Сȴʮ㣬ʱգ϶ʩչһϸߵͣȻϵҲǲСΪ̺
ɫһ㾪ȣźӣǽ˵һ飬ʩչģȷʵδ
ԾˣЦݸʢˣЦţԳϴ˵ҪӳԾǷһ飻Ҫǽܽܣ׷ֺη
֮ǰ˵Ļᣬһ仰Ȼͷ飬ŬƽԼĴ־
Ĵ־ڣʲô־ԳЦЦͣͣһһ˵˵ʲô־ǾǴ㣬㣡
һ˿Ȼȴ˵ڵ㣬ɲ׷ҡ
Ǵ򲻹ɡ鼥˵ʹ˼֮ϲΪ˵Ƿһ飬ҲǿԵġ
ãҵš
Ŀϣ뿴һҸӳԾ
Ծأ
ҪʲôһѪֱ˵˳ϵĿģҲӣ˵ԾˣȣͲȡء
УҵܵܵĶұҪȡأ
Ͻüһᣬ仰ĿɲֻҪջؽȣϵ֮ǰ罫ǰɽ̶ǡάסֻ֮УܣȻԼ
˲ô࣬ȴûмǿҪȥȴǸЦ˵Ǿͻһ㾪ˣóһйڷ似УΪһЩϡ
ʲôϣ
ûлشֻ˵ȥҾУʵûҵǾˡ
ã
ӦЦܵ˵á֮ʱ飬·˵һ䣬˵󣬲ʲô飬˵ˣ׼ľȡ
ôг񣿡
ţ֮ǰϮȥ֮ʱȻ飬ţ㿴ȡһʯ塣
ʯ壬ͼڴ½ʦµĿҵҩ󶴸ʯ壬Ǽľǿʯ壻۳һ˲䣬뵽꣬ɲҲлꣿ
뵽⣬ϾͼҲͺǰԼɹˣջСһ飬һ似ϣʧˣҲûʲôʧ
һųϲòѣޱĵ˵ˣٻˣΪˣ̫ˡ˵ţǿʯڿԾ
ʥţŴҪʲô
϶˵ߣǰǸ𣿡
ˡ˵ֵȥײϡ𣿡
ҡҡͷЦڽȥڽ֮УҪˣʱһľ֮ʱһõġ
һ㶣켴ϲӦһʯٶں϶ȥڿһɲǣѾˣѿڶꣿоȻһ꣬Ǵõģ
ϻûлشֻЦѾˣ
һͣٴδЦ˵ûŴ似ȵ£ںأһ䣬ϵЦʧϵޱȵׯ£ɽںϵÿһĻÿһϸڣ
ͬʱҪһõļľ֮꣬ҲǷǳŬſ˻ӣأ϶ԽԽߣСģģҲ
ľȣڳţ벻ȣòȣ
ʮӺֱգϯԲǧһ֮ţһɽ䣬㿴һĻʧˣˣ
ȷʵ˿̵ǰġһˣɷۣĴڣ


1185 ƣ
һ뵽֮Уɢܣֲ֮ǰҪǿʮֹ㾪ڵǽ˵¶̫ˣôõΰޱȵ££ô˵أ֣ĪʧȥļС
ʱԸҲ벻ףȴڿ˼š
һԵ㣬еľȣľȿɲӵⱳණǰôץֻģʹʲôֶΣȻĸԸӣΪʲôܹʹ磬ǷԼһǰԼģǷꣿУΪʲôܣҵ꣬жǿܲүү£ֹһУ
ѾЦΪϾֻһ𣿲ǵģҲгԾһ죿ҲбȲ˵һ죿鿴ԼƺеԹйһ룬ЦŶԳ˵ã̫ˣǷһ飡ֻҪûһ㡣
Ǳߣ˼꣬ԼԴһŽûһʲôֻ÷£ȥ룬켴ָϽšһ˵ˣҪȥ۸˭ǲС椣ҾͽС椵·һɸɾˡ
ûм˵ȥΪ˵ɫЩԾͬʱŵ㣬ӹһĨŭԳ˵ȷʵҺܾȣԼһҪһйڷ似Ҿʹ㡣
۾һݣֵأ֪Ůŭˣﲻţ֮£ᴫʲô似
㿴ˣһУƣ
£ɽķ磬ǧһ̤ϵƵҡţһͷԽ˷ʧ
˫ĿһжԺ˵һΪ˵ǰɢȥֻҪһɢҾֹͣ˵ҽ˵һУȻûɢҾͼһ似һֱɢΪֹΣ
ã
˺£Ȼܾ˵ʹȫס㲻ĻҲ⣡
һһҡ˷㹥ȥһָǰǧķ磬ֱ꣬˵ǰɢ֮ƣڣ;ķ磬δڣά
仰óϵĶϲɿЦˣάִôͬεƣϴ˵ףһǶڷ
ǣӸղֵ״̬Ȼ˷֮Ĵڣй򣬵֮磬磿
ѾϣоЩӵƣХѣɲ˲⣬֪жңԣƴҪԼߡ
Ҳڿʼ˽˵
ϷãһŽ˵һֶԸơĿǰ뵽ð취ǽע֮Уֿ
һҪֻҪһδ󺰴ûиᣬơܣ󳬳ϣסȥ
أȴУλ紵ˣӿȽ֮񡭡ԣ֮ܽ׳֮ƣı֮ܣζη磬ĪҲӣ֮򡭡
˷һȻΪ˵ġȻָо֣ûϸֻ˵أΪ죿Ϊأ֮ң
ϵĻش۾һޣȻĳϣûע⵽ֻȫάסƺƵƴǰȴʼտʮ׷Χڡ
˼ת뵽Լǰܸ꣬꣬꣬ܲҼָʱ䣿
һ㶣ޱȼشӦܣ϶ܣֻҪ˵㹻Ҽֶʱ䶼У
ûУֻа꣬Ҫٻһʽ似ȻҾͰˡϸʩѹӵơ
ҪƳʮɽɽ꣬˿̳ϻ򲻵֮ʱҲƳʮɽɽڣʱʱ̶̿ǿͬСɽγɴɽȻ̺
ҪƳ꣬ϻܹģֻҪСĴۣ
һȭڵλãɫԪҺȵһϣϢ󣬳Ѫڣڱ˳һ¡
־ꣿõôꣿ


1186 
ϴֱƳ˰ֱ꣬оԴҪһ㣬ϴޣǼϡ֣ֻһΣǴεĴҴһƳɳĮ֮ˡ
ֻһǰ㾳Լˣӵһ꣬ܽ꽵֪ҪԿ϶ǣǳˣѾ˳ϼߵۣΪǱŵĴڣǣȻ֪ӵеģһ֮⣬̹һ߻н֮ɾͣǴһʼ
ˣ㲢ûз˵ٶȣԴʱ䣬Ȼ֮ǰǰ٣ֻǾĲƣԽԽࡣ
Ѿ̵꣬˿̵뵱ϴӺӧ꣬ȫͬĴڣڳϵĵУҹҹȵĥųϾĴ֪˶ٱ
ֻ걻ȫһ˲䣬˲䱩ǰٱ֮ǰʩչġͷҪӴĻɢɫâʵʻǷֱµǧٲֱӻ˷ֱٲеȥ̶Ҳ
˷ų˵̫ллˣ̫ˣǿİꡭ˵ţͻתʵˣаأһҰɣҶΪ꣡
ò֮꣬ǰ˵ģҪЦ˵֮һתȵС椣ôӣķ磬Ҫ
죬Ͻɻ
˵𾢣Ϻȶϣֱ㣬Ƿ˹ķ֮򣬺ƶ֮ûãֻɱӶᣬһͷδͷҲҷɡ
ˣסǡֵķ磬Ҳ챻ɢˣɽҡ㼱ٳ֣סɽסɽ˵ȴҪ
鿴һĻԹӿȫ֮״㾿ʲôѵϰ궼㻹赽ʱ
ûнֻͣԳ˵ܹȻһƵ壬ѾȫˣڣһС
Ƽ䣬ΧŴɽķ⣬磬ȴӿȥϾɣϽСһ㡣
ӿķ磬ӣʮϢ˵һУҰƣ
ƣ
ϸո֮бӿ޾ƣ಻һȽϣӿڡеĲƣǰơʱĲƻҪö࡭
磿ƣ绯ƣĪĲķ֮򣿡
︡ʣȴھţʲôӣôת
ҼסҲҪס
ص˵Ѿڽ˵šơﻯ״оʪ֮У˸̶ˮеˮ֮Уȫһ
ƣΣƣƳɢ
Ͻ˵ÿһ֣Կ˵ĸߵͣĸһ㣬ĸһ㣬ǵ˿޶£⽫һƬµأֻһΣԼ
ɲŹһӣУ˱ˣѾƴˣǣҡ֪Ʋ˰꣬겻νǿֻƣ̫ǿ
һ䣬˾ηأһͷˡ֮УĨȻƮӰȪȪˮ֮
Ȼ֮󣬷ƸŨ˵ٶȣȴûмӿһ
֮Уϱо˷͸ܣȻѾԪȫëףֱ֮˽ȥΧÿһѪ⣬Ҫ˺ѣҪϢҪѪˮɣҪѪɽҲ
ָоóϾһ˲ϢѪӿ֮󣬳ûô˴ΪεĿģǴšơ似
£ԪָɫȦס
ţصΧڸУŰͨԪҺӭɫӿ
ԺﻹۿʮǣԪҺ볢Եġоɱ󡱣
һʱ䣬ϼǳ˾У
Щֻǳ϶ԼıϻñάסɢȻҪֹͣ˵


1187 
ϸԼʩر֮ά֡
Ҫά֡͵Ҫáתֽ״̬˫ֻ𣬳Ҫ
Ӵ󣬳Ҫһ£ͺñһֻҪ϶һҪǧĵһ
ʵϣƱȳĸΪϾҪڡ֮м磬ͺѣò׼˿˿羹Ȼֱˡ
ϲóȻ֣ȭͷ֮УѭšߡľͨҪʩչ硣
Ŵ˰ʱ˵һֶ˳ϵĶʱͻס˵Һ㣬Ա˺ݣԼݣϧһκݴ˵طɲҵǸҲң̸ܽҵܣѽȻҵܣ߽ʥҵܺ
ǲǻҪҳܣȻͳ˷ƣȻʽ似ңϵﴫ˳
⻰˵ģ㱻˵ȴûа־֮ɫȻˣԭӦŶԣԣ˵
ôΪҺݴ˵ط
ΪģлһֵĸоܵȻ˵ָо֣ҵܵܵģұ㣡
𣿡
ϻ䣬˺غ£ҪܣߣߵԶԶģԶٿ㣬Ҫ߰
Ȼȴ˵С첻飬ģӦģҵСܣ۸
ϲپʹȥһȣת
Żʩչǧѭġߡ֮β֮ͷͬһ˲䣬˫ѹĺƥ
ת
ôƣٴκХܾ
¶ȣɫ΢΢ЩףȻά֡ơĵҲǲС⣬ɲתҪأŷǣõķأ
꣬ʹšȥ۾һݣ˵ơ似ȴǻһţҡֱϡ
ҡֱϾ벻Ѿŷ似˾أһҪȭͷ﷢ġ
ϼҲˣʱ˵һΣͣˡ
˷ģһƴе
Ͻű֤ȴһϣͬʱϵһ𣬲ûн𣬶ţϵδӡ֮ڳ
гĳϣѾǱˣûһǺõģûȥᣬǳȭһȣȭ
ͬʱ桢ұʥСڵ˲һӿգұѾϰߣ󺰵үүأүүôûˣ
˫ϣǰЩӣսĻ棬ֲһȭ֮֮ʢԭҲһսںһȺʥս
ڶԿգǱͣ͵Σϣͬ˫ּ裬һķ֮ϣںڶ֮ǰֻϧںڶǰ֮Ҳڶˡ
ңܵڶӰ죬оҡֱϵٶȣܵƣľ֮ӿ֣鿴ϴϲΪϼͣһҪ
ţԺһͻʲô󺰵磬ץסúƽһã׷ˣһ𣬾Աһ˿ڻҪ࣬ϧûһܹ߽ҲΪϴԶץסķ磬ֻҪץסΪŮˣҾʹӦ£ĴӦ㳬ΧҲƴȥ
Щȴ뿴һ㱻ʱֻһģǷô߸ϣ
ȴǳһĨɬûϵСܻ˵֮ת˲䣬ɬʧ㿴źڶԽԽ۾¶֮ǰһģһľȻ
켴ȫ÷֮磬֮ǰеķ磬һΪҫ˵Ĺâ֮ҫ⻪ôƽ
˵Ҳĺڶ
㲻ºݴ˵طҿɲϧ񣡡ȾѪǣ¶аȻı飬ҪҪŬܵܰ£
Ҫңõģֹ
鵭˵ӹν˺ڶ֮УϿӰԺȴǸˡ񻡱֣


1188 ڶһ
ӰȻڶ
մȥоӱݵذ۾͸ȥֱҪƵҪ÷飬ֱڶһ֣
ˣ㲻˷ơһ֣ɲƲųʱڶܴ֮̾½ֻǲȫ
󾪣ڶɲĲƣΪʵƣʹڶδȫʩչ壬ңоڶûݻ㣬źܴĽռ䡣
Ҫǣڶǡȭһ߽ʩչģڶ̺һٸһǧ߽һҲȲϣֱܵõҪ࣬ЩǴӺζ
ֻһ˲֮䣬۾͵رѪ֮ɫ֮磬ȥڶһ磬ƲӿеһҶۣʱضᱻ۸ҲѪѪɫŨأڶľɫԺţľˮй򣬳С⣬硭
㡰ۡ³һѪɫҰ۾еѪ֮ɫȻȥۣȻ۲
ǿĺڶҵͫۿ͸˵ˣеʣɲӿͷûʥӵйŶԣڶΪλй磬ӵеģѹ֮ǰҺԥ֮Уƾ֣ȴžԵţҸأڵǱչȥʵ󡭡
ۡ
类ڶˣҲǡꡱһѩ׼˲Ѫ㣬ûټֻ½ˡ
Ǻ˫һתһҩУ£ҩð̹â㽫ڶҩԺһڡ
һڣֱѺڶڳһӷ죡
άźڶĳϣȻǷǳڶһУϼ̲֮ɫڶڳ˿ӣʲôŮʲôΪںڶڳӷ죬ʥΪģѵ
˰ʣֻһ䣬ٴӿƺʱǸӷ쿪ʼ㲻ԥ֮߷£Ӱ磬˿ѷƮ˳ȥ˳ȥ
ȥ֮һģֱ֮ԶסΣתųϣգʵҪٸһ¥ֻ½ҩ֣Ҳˡ
ڶҡΣûгȥڶʹźڶ㱼ֱ˵ûõģڵ㣬סң
ҿûܵ¡ϱζ˵ֵֻѧ似У㻹ûн˵ȫء
ȭǳĿǰʩչ似ȻҪõ棬˵֮䣬֮ԶڶҪȥ
ټҩȫ֮ҩ֮ӰѤãŴΣ죬ɭȻڶǰŸ򣬺ڶΣת˳
ϾȫάסһγȡϵоɱУһʹ߳ʱѭȥֿ桢ұǲ԰ޱȵ
ʱԺ绮һ磬˳ϼĺڶ֮Уй򣬻ǰӴŰɣ㹻ʥ㹻ܣܳܵסĻܲԴȭ࿹⣿
ţϸоŴޱӴ󣬿콫ڶ飬Ҳ콫룬ңϻظоǱȥĺڶڱš
ڶĴڣ
о۾ֺɫȫӿһ֣
˲䣬춯صĺ¡ըɽҡɽֱӱƷֱȥٲٷֱ£ǵڿգޱȡ
ڶǾŴҲʧ
ɫ䣬¶һ˿ңںڶѪɫͫʧ֮ʱδֹľݣԥأһƴ飬Ȼαˡ
ֱһɷǧ֮Цźʲôãˣ벻Ҳһ졣
ͬʱȴڶԳ˵ʧƬ½͸Ͻ룬ԶԶġ
仰һó֮ʮɽ˵һ仰ûȥ˵ʵԣˣ桢ȵҲ˿ȥ
ڳ֮ʱڶըһռ䣬ѿˣһѪڣֻſڲѪɫǻɫ
ҿڳֵɲǣһޱȾ޴д
ֱ̡
㡭


1189 ǵһұҵˣ
ɫڣ羨̡
ֱ̣Χǧɽˮɳʯľһˣ˲䱻ǧ֮飬Ҳоһ
鿴ǰĻ棬һݣ뵽ھң켴ɫڣȵҪȣҪţֱطȥ
˿̣Ľҩ࣬ɫӲ԰ףֻǣӻڲͣɫڿȡ汦壬ֻϧûмʹãǰסǱըȫΪ屾ʱӴǰ汦ƺûиовһ㱾ܷӦû
֮䣬Ѿ˻ɫڵߣ㿴ųϣ۾һĨ죬Ϊϵûа־ű飬򶨣
ǳϵһξ̣ǹƻᾪޱȣǰɫڣʮɽǸڶȣ˿ɲֹһңϻеƣǾˮڣǶ벻ֵģǣϸմͼڴ½ãɲ뿪½
˵ϵٲҪȡˮģˮ껹δӰô뿪½أ
ҪǣϻҪؼң
ҪҪҵζܿ
״һɲǣСڱ㼲ٷ˹ס˳ϵ䣬㳯СڿһۣһĨ죬ɫԽԽҲǹϿԽԽ
ɫγֵģ
ţǰڶҲѹȴûгֹ˵ղһǡȭʩչģǿһȭҲըɫڲŶԡ
ըɫڵĹؼںڶڶֻһһݡţղ㽻ֵĳ뵽ҩڶһӣ뵽ҩ˾£ںڶڳһӣ˵Ҳڳһӣڿӣա
һ̧ͷѾǽߵ㣬ʵѾ֮֮УĪļ
ôѾܹŵ˳ɢϢɫûз죬ֱֻԻص㲻񡣡
ա
߶ţһ͵ؽ֣Ԥеᷢʲô飬ʲôĻ棬֣Ҫϸƿ
ͬʱҲʩչ磬Ҫľ룬˲пܣɫڵķΧ
໥֮ǹټСҲʹϣǣһ˲䣬˸Ӧֱǹӵһ𣬽ġ
һ£ɫͬ紵һƬбµƲʣڸϣɷߺ죻Ͼһܵİ˿һ
үү֮⣬ǵһұҵˣ
㻰еһҡ֣͸˱϶ŲٵĹ£ϿЦ˵Ľ˾£Ҳ˾Ÿӣѷ죿
ڶѷҲһŴڡ
ʱΪֹ˷֮⣬Ƿһ似ת˵ԽԽǳȴûбһ߻ɫĽ֮УǾñסһŷ磬ⲻţ׽͸˵һ£
µĻԽұøһ㣬Ͳˡ
ûеϷ˵Ȼص㻹ң
ʾ䣬ԺϸζܿӰû˼ȥϸоһɾʹŰ壬üҲУȻҲžʹ
ȴһСӣ˻ɫ֮УһСӣѪֱӱ˺飬˹ͷ֮ϣҲǲϽѪ
⡭ǿռ֮ʵֱӱռ֮˺÷飡ҧ˵ҩҫâ˰ס۾ռ֮
ҲɫȦȦס㣬켴ʩ˵һ
ã
ѡһ΢˱ȥĽŲҲֻ΢ѣһ｣üʵŴڣʲôʱʧ
Զʧһʧ㿴ɫȦ˵дͨ㹻ʵȴҲܽŴڷסϧڵң
һָҲһŴڡСڵԺ𣬳ؾܾˣԸ¶ˮףҲҪ¶СڣСܵ˺
ǡ
Сڽţϵĵ֮Уڰȴͻת٣һںڶУڰˡ
ʱ


1190 жɫ˫ת
ʲô⣿
㿴˳۾Ĩ⣬ֱ˵ĳϣЦһ⣬ȴҪϡ
˵
þʩչϵ촽΢֮䣬Ѿ촥˫
ųϵĺų۾ã
£Ƶ磬ΣƥӿУһȣ꣬ҹ
ƴ˵꣬ҲĪ˵ˡҡǸ
Ǹˣ㲻ùˡ
˵ľӵɢһͿ켴аԥֱϣɫڵͿֲ֮Уǽٶȴ߷˼¡
֮£ֻһ˲䣬͵˳ǰ
ϵԪҺӿ֮УԽ׳ҲǴִޱȣֿʼѹ۾ɻ֮ɫ
ͬʱϻ˵һС
˵⣬ʲô˼ȴǰճ˵ʹѹѵٶҪ㣬ǿֲ֧סˡ
ǱߣѾ˻ӵһ𣬲һ㶣ЦԶץסķ磬Ҳץסˣ
Ц𣬳ϱѹţ߶˵֪ģһûץס㡣
ֻҪҲ룬ûץסУޱȵţһʣ𣿡
˵أ
һЦ벻룿
ԣ˳һۣ˵ԭΪһڲͬˣЩˣҲûʲôͬĺɫ
ѻһڣ˵жɫ𣿡
䣬¶ƦƦЦݣޱ飬˵ҲֻܱɫϢˣϢ֮󣬾ͻᱻռ֮˺ˡ
νĵҲңͬһƬգҲ֪ˡѾѹɣȻС˽ʮȴֹ˰ٱ
ҲѹɣͬʱصҲĵǻУҲͬɳ
Ҳ
˵˼˵Ļ֪϶дƣǱҵĿռ֮л
¶֮ɫȴǺȵͷҧββף˫Բת˵ţָʹҧβǲȴҲ֮ҧβ͡
ţڳĹ֮ͬ£βת
˫תǹ͵ؼ˲٣֣ûйĨǣֱʵʲôأȻֵܵסռ֮
롭ϱζ˵ţ뵽֮ǰʻĵȻ֮ɫŭ󣬳ϲ˵֪
Ÿ似
ҡͷ˵ȻҺõŸ似Ҳò㣬Ҳ˵⻰ʱҲźڰܣͬʱҲǰֲ²⣬ڼ˵ҲǰҪҲҵϣʲô
뵽ǰԼ˵ͷҶȥ顣˵ţҲڸ̾õ˲ٺôƵȣҶԣҵõĺôԶԶ⣬ڶĲǿ˫תɷѷ졭
ãռ˺֮ˡϾףȵͬʱעⱣƽ⣡
ͷҫ֮⣬ϱע뵽ڰ㣬һһתԵĿ
һռԼȴûеõĽһߣѾߵԽԽǰƺҪۿϱסĽ㣬ע⵽Сܣͣ£
˵ͲƫƫҪҪúõĿ㣡ǰ̤һһ֮£վͻӺ޵ֿرǰ档
ɫ䣬ϸպñһƽ״̬ϣٱƽҪƣƽһƣ˫תͷӲ
ŽпܷĻ棬Щˣͬһصĳϣʵ㻹ʲô취
ͻظо䴫֮Уͬǰŷһ֮Уó˼¶һʱ˳ϵ쳣ϻʧȡ֮׽͸
Цһ£˵취С
˵
㱣֤ϣ
˵
Ǿңͬ˫㣬ת


1191 ܶԹ
Ǿңͬ˫㣬ת
ϵ˵ŭף˫һת̧ۿȥ˫βתεĲβ߽࿿ĵطβһΡ
˫˵ı࿿ĵطǸλ
˭⣬ΪǳڵϷҵϷ޳֮ˣܲŭ
ȻҲһˣ
һŭֱӾҩȥȥ˲䣬ѾãóųƣҩһЩۣԶѭȥ
ҩûȥ㿴ϵ۾һ˿ʣû۾ôҲβ˵еֻ峺͸ף
⣬ŭʱһ
Цý˵ģң㻹˵Ҫϣ

Ŀǰֻ뵽һ취
׼รɣ׼ʵʩ綨µǸƻʱȵҪȣ㲻ҪȱҪȣԱ
Сܣ
СܣСˣ㣬㹻ˣֻǶģġǰ֮У֮
²ٷΣȵ˭˵Ƕģ
˭˵
ɼǵʲô֣飬֪京ʲô飬飡øȡ֣ǰ㵱ɶ𣿡
飿ɻҪ־𣬵ʱִȵҪȣǱͿ϶ˡ
ӿΣӳռѷ죬ȴֹסСܵԱأתͷֿ˳ϣ¶ΪѣȻԥ
˵ʵò˫ֻҪһΧ֮ڣ׶Уתͬʱģݻת˫תƵʴﵽһ£ȻʩչҪϵһ£һӦÿԿסǹֱŴڱϡ
˵Ŵһ鲢ǰ㣬˵ã
һھѪƿ״ӵתҲûеֺתγһɵġڰ㡱
ʩչʩչܡ
ʵǲһϢʱ䣬˵ת˫תƵһˣƵʴﵽһʱǻɫڴٴ
ɽٲָζסǴӿеڵء
Сܰȫһɫţ뵽Ŀǰľƣ˵ףΪʣǸ˷ǳֵĸоתԽãɸоԽǿҡ
㵣ǵǣǻɫںʱܱϣҪһֱϣǾҪһֱתȥ
Сܣ뿪ȵһЦ˵ãĻ뿪𣿱Ҫ㵽Ҫתʱأתһ£Ϳһ£תһ꣬Ϳһꣻҿ϶ڿ϶˲һ츳㻹ǿֶα㻹࣬ʵƵǰǱأƫƫΪȴ࣬ڲͬˣȥңٿתӣˮϷ㣬ô񣬸һĭζɱýǾת֮Уãף˶
Һܿģ
һʣȻԤϵСܲӦȴûϵ˵ôһһ㶣ִܿģԽ⣬ԽǣԽģԶ֪ÿƴȫѾѪһ֮õҵ֮ͬʱ˾ͻ˵ʵ̫ˣʮˣһúܺãⲻһΣϰꡭָоԶ֪
Ĵסκ˵ңܿģɡ
Ͽ㣬̾Ϣһ˵ʸ𣿡
һͣȴ˵Ĳõϴ˵Ů룬ҿ԰㣬õ֮󣬻еõ벻ô
Ȱ˵š
˼ҵޣڵһؼңϴ˻һ۾Ŀ⣬ʲô¶㺣ȴţҪŮˣ
ȴǼˣ˵һˣرǿʵˣһʲôϵأһССĻʵۣҲԺʮ˾ǧҲΪ
Ȼ㣬ЦܵܶĺޣһҪҪҰ㻯ˣ
ܣ
͵ؼ
ۻܴԸ⣿


1192 
˵ܻǽ֮ĶԹص۸ʲôۣǽһģ֪ģһ似֮㣬ҶԸ⡣
似ϴۺܴ󣿡
Ĺ򣡡
Цţҡҡͷǲ
ʮƷҩ

ûа˿ü־֣˵ҩ
ҩȻԥ˳һ˿жΪҩʧȥĽȣ֪٣ֻǣһ˿жתۼͱϰ۵Թ޸øɸɾһ˿ۼ
ȻҲ֪ҩҩںڶһӣոڳѷ죿
ǣȻҡҡͷ˵
Ź
ղܵܲ˵Ҫǵõ㣬Ҫõģ϶ܶܶ࡭
ûзŭȴ˵
£ʹȵôղŲ˵ʲôԸôˣ֪ῼҵĸܣ뻯ǵĶԹ
üһ壬Ŀֱ̳飬ʵˣ𣿡
ĴӦˣӦˣ
һ㶣һ˿ж˳ϣоϣϾܾ
Щ꣬˵ܹ
㡭
ȳɸպȳһ֣ӲĻ˻ȥ
Ҳ빻Ҳҹ񣬹ùҪңҿ϶ĻᶼûУͱˣԣҾãҪҪˣӦÿԹˡ

Ŀųϣ˿ҲɣţղǾܾСܵİ˵ڵ𣿡
Աߵ飬ҲٴȳЩ仯
϶񣬺
֮תţ˵ǻⲻˣһܾǧؿΣزƣ
˵Ǵſȴûһִ
˵һŬ˵ģԡġࡪ
㲻ȥŬֻҪ룬ЦӦת˿䣬˵ڽĵһʲô֣
Ȼ
֮У˿ŭζȴ޴룬˵Щʲôȴֲ֪Ӻ˵𣬿˵ڵľ棬ȫһִٳɵġ
ȻȻȻһ䣬˵һĪĻʮ꣬ʮ͹ˣ
ʲô˼
Цڣʽ㣬Ȼ콫ʮ֮ڣ㽫һܣذ콫ʮ֮󣬺ȥδӣԸ
콫
ȻȻûңҸһ֪ȻⲻȻȻҪԭԭһ⡣
ţų˵ǹģ
뷴ڣ
ãҴӦ㣡Ȼɾ˵ֵڣңǹģ
ϵ˵ͷ˵ԲСܵİжСǿűԹ޳˵ģһ˿˿
ԣҵȻʱéٿлôһ˿Ѿչ˻֮Щϸ֮С
·ɣȻ˵һллʱȴ춯ͬʱͷȥֻǻɫڣպϣ˲ԼͬأٴλعͷŶԷϲ
ϲǣĲ²ʵڰȷʵ޾Ǳڣ뵽ܲܽڰݻںڶ֮УȻϲȴǣҵһ˵ǳЧǳȫķտռѷķΨһȱǣòַǰϲУΪĿǰΪֹ֪ģģԼ⣬ǰˡ
Զ𶯷ǳųҪ֪ΪҪĴۣͦҲûഫ˶˸Ȼ콫Ŀĺڣڵ콫ʵԱڵһڶλϹҪǿ
ţͻ뵽ĪڲúĽϡ뵽ܣ濴ųϣ۾︡ӵĿ⡣
ǱߣɫڽˣԽԽСֱޡ
ȻתӰҲͣ£ٶȵļ˵ľ룬ҲԽԽ
ססһף
ʱϺԤ׵أһȭȻȥ


1193 ɽ챦츳
һȭڶɭȻֱȻ
ɫڸոձϣȻΪҵһȫ·סռѷϲ⣬ΪпСܵĹϵͶãϵãʱ򣬹ôͻȻϮȻ޷
ң˺ڶǰǸʮ˲䵽Ȼͷڶڳ˶ʮȻҪҩֵ
ʱԶͻش󺰳Сġ
ȻʱסתͷȥСܡ
Цţɢ˺ڶղżĺͿͽʵר˵ģ̽̽ķӦ麰󣬻òֽ˵ȥҪ㱻˼Ҵܣ㱻һ
Ȼų˵ЦݣСܺġСġ֣ڿЦѵ㲻ҪͶͱɣ

Ȼعҩâһ˱ȥȻȻϣһЩЦ⣬ߵǰ˵ղƴҲҪס֣Ҫ㣬ҪԴ㣬ң㻯Ϊرøǿ󣡡
üһ˵ģ
ûٽ˵ת˵ǵãǷһ飡ŶȻ˵˵ưɣУ˵һ似
˵䣬صʯ棬ʧ꣬ûȥά֣ԶɢˣϷųСڣСȻ£ϥСһٴɽٲ
Ȼûʳԣ˵šơʣµĲ֣Ȼ˵似˳ܹ֮⣬˶ǣ˿ƭһ֣еһŨ
ͬʱɽ֮⣬ΪһϢϹٲ챦Ҫ챦ֵԶԶһ
ϢǴɳģ˷ϹϹϴʮϹ֮УȻŲϵһڶŸھţǴ´ģʵҲݺӣϹɳɳȻûôһȻӲȻĻɳϹģߣҲЦĻɳ˵ʧޱȵĲء
ԣɳ϶ҪϹ֣ڷϹϢ֮ɳɳ֣עһ˵٣ֱǰһʱ䣬Ų鵽ȥٲɳֱɱɽ뵽ϹΧóȻ˽룬Թŭ𲻱Ҫ鷳ǿɲһ¶ǣҪ;ҲٲҪٰѣݱɴ¼
˼ȥɳ˴˼ƣų챦Ϣ̰֮ԣϴ޵ɽʱڣɳ˱ɳ֪Ҳκβˣңɳ̽̽ĵףʲô̬ȣԱΪ׼
ɽ챦ϢɳĲ֮£ʱ䶼ûã㸲ǳԶ콫ĽҲ֪ˣϢУ˵ɽ״ʲôٲϪ֮࣬챦ôҸ϶ɽȷʵ챦
һԶֵ챦Ķˡ
ʥǣʼӿٲУΪߣģۡʵȵΪҲǲ٣Ǵ󲿷ֶſֵ⣬ǵлóɳΪ֪챦ȾָģȻҲôһ˿漣챦
ɳȻˣҲǰʱ֪ڵǰѾһˡ
鸸ĸҲڻﱸȥɽȻȥɽΪȻ϶ܹ飻ɵȵϢ鸸ĸɳһɫʥǰɽʥ֮Уﵽ˴Բ֮
ЩȻˣδӿ֪ϱ˼Ȼ˵Ļˡơ֮⣬Ȼһǿ似
ԼȻʵλģ
أ
츳ɡȻ˵ʣ츳
Ȼ͵ʲɣ֮ͱȽУ֮ľΪսǧңСͺܣ֮ʱ㱻һŷסǿҿ޳һʱʱͣס
㶣һ㣬츳δ̫춯һɣ󣬳뵽Լĳ֮ʱǾϣҪˮ֮϶ꡭ
һ磬Լĥġ
Լĥģ
һζԷ֮ܲɻ綴Сϻ˵˵һ䡰ν硱úħʱֱµٲͻضˡ


1194 Ȼ
ٲڳСڵ֮£ʧ֮״ȡ֮ǱڿҰɼתΪţܵϯ̣ڶ˺пֲĻɫڡ
˰֮£ٲѾͬһ㣬Ϊȫʧѣ˱֮
ڳСڵһµ£ɽʧ⣬ٲһǣٲ
ٲҲЩرеٲ֮ˮȻ̶ˮûһˮϿ̶ˮ̶ˮҲ½̶ˮײһ󶴣ˮ©ȥһ㡣
ϽüԾȻü֮䣬ֹͣȻĽ̸Ը棬ȥɽǲϪɽȪȫûˮˡ
һüϹָʹͻһЩӦһü֮ȴԾС
Ϣ֮ڳǰ˺ü£˵󡭡ˣˮȫˣңľҲڸɿݣ
Ȼˡ
۾ѩĿεˣ״ָ̬üں棬ܻҪǣǵȻԽǿԽã£ԪڤӶһ¶ס
ұһʥ֮ǰĿļ±ԪڤֱΪ˿ٿԪڤڣȻǾֲ֣ΪҪ֣ǵΪ
ʥ󺰵ˣˣûзΪΡȻֹΪԪڤѾ˴޸ǵ塣
⡭
ʥȻ϶βסȻ
Ҳû뵽ԪڤһȻǺˡˡ΢΢һЦ֮󣬳ϲǣǼ˺ڶɽСڱɢʮɫ֮⣬Աȡɽȴֹֻɫâš
ǱߣȻʮƷҩǰ㣬ֱȫָȫϣȴܸǴһµǵ˷ܣԱܹػָ۷̬֮
Ȼųϵӣƣڷĥ£أȻĿ͵ضסɢ˾ɫâСڣȫ˵Ϊʲô͸оһĴڡ
жٵƣӺζ֮ǰû˵ŶԡȻ⣬綴ϴүүΪңǽϴܹĵطұˣûҵʲô綴
ţȻ۾͵һүүûнұ飬ֻΧתһȦȻסϣѲǴģ
ҲĿôţɽĿģҪˣ
ȷʵϿ̶ˮ٣һʱ϶ٲˮڣĻر롱Ѿˡ϶ûдﵽˮʧûľήĳ̶ȣƫƫѲ²⣬϶ˮ֮ɣ
ԣϸɴ಻壬ڶԱ㲻Ǹˮʵ󾳣˵̹ɽ꣬ҲûʲôǷ¶⣬һˮڲͬأ
ת֮䣬ȥ
ɽһ߸ĴɽҲʼҡΣ⻭棬𾪲ѣ벻ɽˡ
Ҳ𾪣У˼ֶԳϵη壬ͬʱ֮򣬽һħɽλס
ڴʱ϶Ȼ˵棬Ͱˡ
Ӧ˳ϡȻԥص˵ͷĳŵһЦһС׹֮Уѭ̶ˮŵĺۼ׷ȥ
Ȼ콫ȻҪȻʵͲվȻ콫콫ܿٷչȶΪһȻΪһ֮ĽȣҪĿɲϹ
ڳǱ²ãԶ֮ϣѾվӰŴأһ˵Ҽǵɽвİкͬɽôֻһ
ٲҲûˡ
һɽҡΣѵ˵챦Ҫأ
һ²ʱˣϽǰ֮У˵Щ˭ôǻ磿١
עӵһʱȻҲЩԶ֮֮ͣ󣬿˵Ϊ»Ȼǰȴ˴ŵʵǡ˭
⣬ӦϷǲŶԣ˭ʲô
ʲôȻΪ챦
챦ʲô챦
ǲ֪ʲôЩ˾ȣȵϷǣ˵꣬ԶʮӰ


1195 һڣ
ֻƬ֮ʣɽˣϰ֮ʮʥ߽ΪߣһԴԴϵظ
˵ǰѾԶԶȻһˣټϣȻΪߵͣܡǿóΪģǵȴ֮ȥƣɫʵδȫָԣǼ˵һнʥ嶯شȵ˭øϽ뿪Ȼ
͵ٲͻضһûġ
ΪӰһֱӽƣʱнʥͻΪһ̲ѪĴڣȻ˵үүǰţֱǻòͷˡ
ʥһȴΧסЩʥУΪҲǸ߽ʥǵ۾ûſ־壬ܣֳ⡣
һתӣүүȻүү˺ǣ
ƾһͷ˵˺ǣһʥм˵һʥҲЦ˵챦ûгһֻܣΪεɽˣ
һϣɱܣɱЩˣȻӭ챦
仰һʥ֣ܴض㣬үү֣үүҪǣʱɽݣαǣ֮ɽ籩¡
Բʥʵ
˽ԾȻʵܣһûη壬ֹӭɽ壻Զ֮Ȼ˵һڡ
һݣû뵽ƴһŮˣɱ֮أƫƫ仰˵ûںɱţһ㡣
֮У桢ұˣצСģʥ֣ɱУɱУȻǻûȫָʵС
ЩʥǵΪʱɫ䣬һԲʥôĸ߽ʥ˵ʱһƬЩ֮ɽûгȥֲɱ
ʥתӣǿ϶ֻ·һ
ӣ
һߣֱӼꪣһʽն£߽ʥнʥȫն룬ԪƮڿգצҲǲС̬ʵ˵ע⣬ԣСȫֱһ߽ʥնɱнʥұҲǲ
Ϣʱ䣬ʮʥͱնɱһɸɾԶսǣԴһˣȻٴδϢ֮󣬻ģɱ⣡
һ£Ǻԥأתˣʱ죬߸ϵʥȺɱˣЩĸУٲӣǿɾԪˣ
˵˶ˣȻüͷȴһ£챦˭ųϢɽ˲٣ֻǵһ
Ȼ˵һڡԭ򣬱ɱȺȺ
ЩĴɱȥ˲ٸɽǣЩ˼ȺɽʲôΣе𻹴ھ֮УһԲҴҶȥеʵ棬˵һȺɱ񣻻еģȴǴ⣬˵ɽ챦ͿҪˡ
Щ˵ʲôЩǧ֮ˣŲż飬ɱɽ
ɽףϱСڣǱǧ֮£ɽʯøʪ󣬿ɵȳӹˮȫޣɽʯѣ֪淢Ĺ£ȴ֪ҪӿٶȣǱ
ʮӺ󣬳Ǳ¾ǧɣˮ飬ȴûеͷϸоѹǧɣѹ䲻֮ǰĿռ֮ȣȴҲ˺ѳϵѪ⣻ϼԪָʷ
ǧɣѹ͸Ȧֱͷȡ˸壬ǱһӺ󣬳Ϻһ֮أһˮҲȴܸоܶˮ֮Ϣ
ͬʱϻоһľսϢ
쵽ˣ
û˿ǰʲôҪȥһ£ٶȴüһһƣ෴ȥȴ˸ȥ
Խ£両ԽǿǳƴȫԼʩ˰˱Ǳ׺󣬱ٲǱ
죿
һʣ⣬άŰ˱ˡȭܽɭȻڶСڿܱɢ
ȭһʱ϶ԡȭһ㣬Ҳо⴦쳣֪ˣ⴦ط챻ˡ
ܡȭ

һ˿ѷ֣ǹɸʱһֱ½һֱ
ֽ˰ʱ䣬Ͽһھﴫ˭ΪʲôҪ˺ң
һ㶣ˮꣿˮҲ˵


1196 ˮ꣬
ǸһĴڣòһռȵ˰ɣ
˭ҵĵʲôִ֮
ǰȥĵ̣˭˵ģ
ǴģȻҵĵ̡
˵Ļҿɲ˵Ӧҵĵ̣Ц˵ǡһĬκ󴫳ʲô
ϷʣΪʲô˵һĻ
Ҳ֪Ҿͻᡣ
Ҿͻ᣿üͺСǸֱԺıһ
ʵʲô
㣬Ȼ󣬴ȥ棿
ҳȥ棿ɻʵܺ棿
ȻкܶܺĶкܶܶˮһۿͷˮϸоԼֻջСõĴǣ˵ŵͬʱϵĽŲҲûͣ¡
˵һЩŵ㶨ˣ
֮󣬡˵ǣҳȥ
ȥô¶ϼæʵ洫Ҹסˣҳȥ
ʱߵˡϣôšءʵھסģ

ûֲ𾮣ʵǸղˮô¶
ŪģȻҳܹ͸һ֣Щˮ⻰ȷžڵӦˮ꣬ʵĸô¶
Ҳҵһ֮γٲҲ⸡Ĺ͡
ֲٲ¹кһǰͣԭǵиˮܹͣȥϻȻȴ˵ҵܹȳ
ʲô
ҡˮҵײž
ҪҵĻ
һĬˮصҴӦ㡣
һĨЦȻûƾо˾ͬʱСŴ˴Ȼ׽ٵסˮ꣬˾ˮ֮ǰ˵ĻǼٵģԸԸ£
ǣ⾮ˮ˵Ǽ٣ʲôϵң⾮סˮ꣬ӦҲܹס𣿱ߡ
Ҫ̽һ⾮ϣȴǴȥ⾮ˣϲƣ˼߲ɣԽԽĶƴɱ֮Уõʱ򣬶֮٣ǰȻҲûҶҴһ磬ƴɱʹǻһ
뷨һϼͬʱԪҺԪҺ͸뾮ƣиλĵĶٵȵȣ̽һ
ãûֹסԪҺԪҺ˳ޱȵ͸˽ȥ
һ͸ȥˮʧʵʲô
ܸȤ
ⶫңұ֤һĻ
˼˵Ҳⶫ㣬Ͳ˼˵ǰ˵ӦңǼٵģ۸ҵģ˦һʣˮҵð첻˵Ȼ˵Ļ㻹Ǵɡ
Ҫ
ʲôҪ
˵Ҫҳ
һ˵ǰҪҵĻ
ֻҪṩⶫңһ˵
ṩⶫ㣬ʲô¶Ҫж٣Ҫģģ֮ĻͷһԣߵѪһ㷢ʲôġ
⣬ˮٴײžƺڷӳܲƽ
ͬʱǸɿݵٲ֮£нǧ˽ȻΧǧ֮УȻλ𣬵ʥҲ٣идԲʥ
ЩԲʥеɳее֮⣬еϹģϹȵȡ
ϹϴʮϹ֮УһϹ
һȺˣԻضһˣɳ˸˷ˣ˵ԹҪһ˸ɾˡ
ȻûһӦˣȥҪǣΪܹС֮ĶԹСܺദĿǰԸ̤һ
Ȼһնӣɽϱһѷ죬˵ѷߣ
ɽ֮£ˮ껹ûлش𣬳ȴͫ״Ź⣬ԪҺʽ·ߣã⾮棬󷨣


1197 Ⱥɻ
壬סǸ󷨵壡
̽룬ϲһ˲Ǹ󷨵ĸò󷨵ĿԣҲں̵ܶʱڣ֮
ҪرȻͲ
ǣϽԪҺһһ͸֤Այȫò󣬿ɲаأ򣬵ʱƲ˵ϴ鷳
һʱ䣬Ȼ٣ת֮䣬ʱȥˮЩ˵㲻˵Ҫҳȥô֣
㶼ûз»֮Ķôܹ㣿
ϲᣬʱ֮УСﵽһֲ֣ɽһɽҡΣֱʩչħһ㡣
ֻΪд棬ˮδԵʣɽûе
һ㣬֪Ȼ沢֪Ѿӿ۵ǧߣҲ֪ļ⣬ɳնɱһˣƶ´Ⱥɻƻӣ֪ɳ۹ĳЩˡ
ʣµǣ㶼Ϊ챦ʱӽˣɽÿһβ˵żһΣһεĴɽͻὫ챦³һ㡣
ǣһ׵ѷ죬ǰ棬ȻǾ仰صߵԺû߸ȥһߣرЩʶ顢Ȼ֮
ˣûվȻϣǧ֮УŻӦ
Ȼѷ죬ǻܹסʱȴǵסǵ߶Ȼһ˵Ĳﵽ֮ʱɳһ߳ûһϣô˻һŮ˲ɣռǰ棬Ҫ챦϶ᱻǵõһݶûУ
ǣһ壬ܽǶɱɣ
Ϊ챦尡
ɱ
һɱ֣˵ˣһȺ˳ȥǰģжʮˣʮȫһɫʥȻûдԲʥǸ߽ʥҲֻȻЩʥǱ̽Ȼʵġ
ǰʱȻٴδɱۣ£ٴκ֣ſգȴۣɽ£ǧ룬ͲԴȼǿĹ򹥻
ʵģʮʥ֮ǰʮʥĺ󳾣һɸɾ
ƴɱŸոշѾµģֻѪʬǣֻжʮʥԪˣЩԪҲڵһʱ䱻ռѪȵɱߵoһˮ
ϧˮûнǵĿȫ
ɳŵִȳұ£ЩѾ;ĩ·ˣǿǵѾƣǵѾ㣬ֻҪʹ㾢նɱǣȲ˵챦пɱǣǵˡ
ʱ۷׷ף۾ȷʵɱǵɱޱͬģǸĴҲ٣ͻûлָǼ֮ǰͻԳҪ֮ǰϸעһЩڹǿװ򾲶ˣ
Ȼɱ¾Ǽˣ۾âͬʱӵԲʥȻ˼ҪȻ뿪Ҫ뿪˭Ҳס
ǣȻ΢ɲҡҡͷһ
֮䣬ͻȻһ˺ȵǸϷϣ
˵ˣһ߽ʥȵĶȴһȺ𾳽ߣȺ˵ɫˢرò԰ף˭뵽ʱȥΨһĽ
Ҫõ챦Ҫһ˲ȫϨˣֻϧѾˣǸ߽ʥȵǲϣϷ·
˵䣬߽ʥסһ𣬺ʵϷϣԥţɾһԥ䣬߽ʥĻ֮£𵱼յͷӶʣ
ǲϣ³ǵ³߽ʥغȺֻǰɱȥһ߽ʥʥҲĿģҪЩȻǵգһٽƣ
ˣϵɽۡǣȫˣȫɱǰнǧˣɳЦˣķһۣɻ𣬡ʲôˣץס쭣ڴʲô⣿
ǰ棬ƴɱѾʼˣҽʱ˷
ص棬̽žĳϣüͷһָо⾮һĶǷĴڣ


1198 ָ繫

ţĸӦھĲʣԲʲôϡϣͨͨɽʯɽɽʯ
ǣ˭ţܹˮסĶͨһĶ
ͨɽʯ
иһ²⣬ھõɽɽʯ˵˵֮󣬲Ƶھϲ²⵽ջԪҺתȭΧɽʯ
ǿըǷǳСĵİ룬ȷϲƻʱһԲ׵Ĵӳǰǿھֻռʮ׷Χ
⾮ͨ˼ҵľʯשͷȵǴϵ£ߵǱߣһ飬ֻ⾮ϣָӡָӡô󣬱屩ָ֮Ҫϼ֣
ָھ룬ǳͻأȴָһָھĸо
ǡòõģϷֵǸ󷨣պָķΧ֮ڣ
⾮ڲ̫⻬ЩֲڣָӡҲ֮УܹľΪΪ棬ͨɽʯƳ֮ˣȥЩֲڣңƳԸܹŹ֣ϲһܱǣھִ֮Ƶģ
²⵽Щϵ͵ִ֮䣬ɽʯƳ˷ܿ󷨣⾿Ҫʲôʵܴڣ
𣿡
вɣɻţԪҺ۳ָӡǶָ۲󷨣еɻûʧأھסʲôģˮꣿǻˮ
ţʵ㵮ˣ
Ҳ֪ǰҶǻججģҼӦǧ˰ɣˮ˵ײžڸɲöľײƾڡ
ǧꣿ汻ͼڴ½Ҳǧӡ˲뵽̶һӣľЩϹ
꣬ʵ㵮֮󣬾һֱھ
ǵġ
üˣţˮ굮֮󣬾ͱھ˵оʱ򣬲ûˮ꣬⾮ĵʲôһڣ
ԪҺָӿ룬˽Ѿóɳ̣ʼҪȫò
ʱҴҶ
ɽϵƴɱһҵĵزЩۡʥ˵ȷʵǣ϶Ҳҧ󣬳շ֮УЩѾˣʥһֻǵ飬ƣ棬Ҳ΢΢Ŵʥǿ󣬹ҲܺãǿֲһУҪԪ֧ŲУ
ܵս񣬲֪ƣһֻƣһ֮ɽɱķ
ǧߣɱòˣұҲ۵òˣʱǲ˳ϣţǴˣˣɱ˼ѣ
ֳʣµ֮УĴϹνϴڴˣɳӼԼĿѾʵ֣ʱŶԹұһʥ˵ֻҪǽϹ֣һ
ҶɣҲվ˭ĵϣʸ˵仰𣿡ĸ˵ҶɲΪȻһЦڿƾУҪɱ¾ɣ
òҵĵϣдд㣬ôУЦ˵ˣˣﻹĸڣңҪɱЩУʮ飡
Ҷɫ䣬ת˵ʮӣ֪ΪֻֻܶҪʮӴӦִ£Ҿͽֻ͸ʮӡ
ץסܣȴ֮ǰѾûǸ뷨ңץܵĿģܱΪ˵õ˾֮£ñ˰æ׽סֻµʱˡ
ԣ˵òţҪĶԼᶯȥȡ
Ҷһ˿ŭҪȴЦֻǣҿʮӵôڱУʮǴӦҿԽҲͻʮӡ
飬ҪܣҲòЩŭˣȴǹЦˣЦУȵ繫ֻӬʵᣬҰ繫ߣΣ
繫
ҶɻһȻʱһǣôˣôЩ˻һ£鷳ˡ
һȻȫҶɵļƻҶϸȥȻǵȻϣһ˿ƣͷЩңжʱʣ繫ˣ


1199 
Ҷɰڿ˼ʽâҶɴʥһԲʥ߽ʥҲˣУҶнʥ
ĴϹϹ뵤ϹֱҶڶĸϹĵĺϹߵ󣻲֪ɺϣǹİţĴϹɳ˾ˣһԲʥ߽ʥнʥ
Ȼһˣվٲ֮£ǳûȫָţһǶЩʱ䣬һ
繫֮ʥߵȻһߣαһԲʥ˵ϣ˷ǳİΣȻذɡ
˼ӿ뵽Ȼǰ˵ġ顱ĸ֣뵽ף˵ãȴת뵽ҾͷĻȥЩ˿϶ƲңܣУҲܾôȥǣҪʲôأ
ţ鿴Ҷ۾һ˿صò˵ϽϼҰɣɲֵܲĵط
ŭʱֱͷֱҪ쭣ȴȻǰʧ̬ȻǰˡСġ֣ȴԹߣһգĤȫޣԣѾǧŬǿнŭѹǿԼ侲취跴
Ĭ֮ʱѾЦҶɣ㻹Ȼ㲻ҾͲˣ
һ֣ʥҶȥҶջطȻϵĿ⣬ԸϹ뺺ϹԲʥ˵ʥʥѵǾͲɱǸˣҪ֪ѾûмˣھۼʵҪǿɲһʲô¶
ʥ뺺ʥɫһ䣬ǵ棬Ҳڵ⣬ʥɫȻֻһ˲䣬Ҷȴȫ˵֮նɱһݣҲᵣ𣿡
ҶɵĻʥ뺺ʥԿΪ繫֮ռϷ磬ȴҶʹһУиģȴǲɫ˵ûҪģĵӦϹ콫׼ģ϶ʮϹһλԡ
𣿡ҶߵڵʵԲϹɣ콫ҪλȻһ׵λˣϹǽڷϹ֮ǰ
ʥиҲߵһ죡
ȷҪһ㣬ԼסʲôãΪʲôʥûվ󣬶վһأҶһ仰ô֮Ҳ֪巢ʲô£ΪʲôϹһʥվ̶ˮ֮£ȴ˵
ʥʲô£ʵҲֱĿͶȻ״ĻţĪ쵽ˣȻţҲûȻȻһЦ
Ҷɿƾ⸱ģ׷繫ֱΣ죬ҪչֱֶΣ÷繫࿴ȻҩҪʱ̣ȷŹЩһ룬Ҫ÷繫Ƿһ飡
Ҷ֮ˣΪõȻõĺô
Ҷ˵ʥʥҿҲôӣɳɳȻǲʧϹ֮λ档
ҶɣһȣҶ˵ȥҶɵ̫˵ȥпܾͻʥ˵ˣˣԷȥʥųʥʥȴЩɣȵʥʥĪҪѲɣ
ʲôбѣֻľܰˣĪɳû񣬸񡢺ǼɳڵѣɳˣҳŵϹĵ̣ƽ֣
ʥ뺺ʥĿԣ֣Ҷɳȴ˵ʥʥͬˣסҴȥЩҪвǵĴڸˣȻǻָҪѲٹ򡣡
˵ţҶɴȥʱʥ뺺ʥͬʱ˵ͷǰ棬ŭ棬ǾȻıѵǾ͡
ӣӦնɱЩˣ˾ͻӲԸǾֻ˵Ǹˡʥ˵
ʱƣõѡ񣬾ǴӦȻĻʧĿɲһЩʥϹһӦɾڷ繫ǰضζеġ
ˣ۾â֮ȵ֣
ͬʱҶǰ˵ʮӣЩ޸ϵαҪΪǳͷأֻҪʮӲִ£ǰ˵ܺͽ֮⣬ٷʮһ
ҶɿνǸ˼ĴۣȻĿģ飬ȻҶΪֻҪǰ׳գӦϾɲǴײˡ
֪鵭һЦ˵˭˵Щ˸ûиϵ
Ҷüͷ
ЦǿɶǱ£
򣿡
򣡡


1200 ʵ
򣿡
򣡡
Ϊһо֮еҶɣɳǱƴɱҲ͵֣ͣƺϵһʥҲԶס˵Ŀ⣬㶼顣
գ˲ŵÿ£
ڳˣʮֵʮӣҽһ㣬ĳƺţǷ繫
׷繫ˣܶܶ࣬Ȼȴδƴðķ繫
ɽ죬ڴʱ˿̣Ȼ˵нˣҲ˵Զץסķ磬ץסˣβ֣
ֻȻһ֮СܴʲôĿģ㲻ΪȻһ£ûȥ粵СǳĵЦ֮Ҳ˴ǣ
ԴԹȻһοСЦôģֻҪСܿģˣ㹻ˣ˵ķӦθɣ
ʮӣǲǻһ㣿
鵭ص˵أ
£ɫʮѿղϧ˸ʥ뺺ʥʧϹΪȡ÷繫ģΪôǸŮ˶жֻҪ繫һжлˣȥ֮󣬲źýҲ֧Ϊõ繫棬ԶԶϹǣ֮󣬵õȴнˣ繫ˡ
ôܹܵˣ
뵽ȥ֮󣬽ԵͷɫˢһƬ԰ףи鲻ԽӿһңŻҵӿ𣬸зŭ޾ķŭɷŭĿ꣬ȻеĽ
ŭ֮У˭
ңƽޱȣȴַ죬ǰ侲㿴ҶעȻı飬ʱϴ޵Ĺ£Ȼ뵽˳ϣ켴һƣ˵ˡ֡
ȴôޱȵķŭǰ̤ʥ뺺ʥȻ
ҶȴǶ˵ʮӣһǸ䣡֮ǰϢ׼ȷ֮⣬Ҷɵı֣ȷʵҪõö࣬һȥϢϢϴʷϢˡ
Ҷû˿ʹı飬ףʲôеãʲô᲻úײסǣһѣܹǳʮҲԸ⣻˵ˣҪϢɲǴԼͳҶɶеꪣ
ȴ˵һ͹𣿡Լûз֣ʱ˵Ȼ
Ҷһüͷһҧ˵
鲻ӦֻǶҶɣһЦ
Ҷ۾һУѹеŭ𣬶Ȼ˵繫ǸһĵӶûУôأ˵ǲǣ
Ȼ˵뿪ҿԼ̣Ȼº֡Ȼ˵ϵɫɽ֮ףͬʱɳɡʵڲһǵѡرΪһͲ֪ʲôͷʲôӶġ򡱣
繫ѲһСҼ𣿡༥ЦȱһѴ˻ʵ棡
һͷβС𣿡û·ֻмǰȥ˵ҲǰֲãȻѹЦ˵أ
תͷҶ˵֮ĶԹԺ˵Σ
Ҷɴ˿ҲǰǶ֣УҪָʤɱһ˿̣ȴѣҪһ¶⣬ֶԸǸ򡱡
ԣҶɻһ֣ã
ͬʱҶɻҡβѵĴɽٿ̶ߣĳЩ²⡣
ȵ繫Ľ㣬Ų˺㣬Ȱ㣬ϽǸСȻ
Ȼ㻹ҶҶ֣
ȻʣһͣתˣЦܰôǣЩˣҪȫնɱˡ
Կ
֣ٴκȳ֣ҶȴǶԼ˵ǽɽˣҪ˳ʲôӣ
Ȼ۾һڴɽ֮ǰ˵ɽߣ
Ҷ֤ʵԼĲ²⣬תͷԷŭֵƻ繫ˣҲûа˷ﰡ
ϣ
۾һԼ˻ӳ֣ʥ޷ֻǰжȥ
ҶԼʾ⣬ȥұе
˿֪Լĳˡ򡱵ĳϣǣЦˣε֤֮󣬳Ѿ󷨣ȫȫԭɳС
󣬾׶ˡ
֮ǰҪȫգ


1201 Ȳ
վ֮󣬳˽˿ˮ֮⣬ΪԼ󷨴Ϊպؽ׼뽫ؽƳΪ˸ؽԿ˸󷨣һ̣һԭǣϻûҵܹڻķ
ǧµˮ꣬ѾȲˣͣײžڣͬʱóϿ
ϲᣬѾ֮С
ɽϣ߽ʥһΧɱȥϼ²ΥȰ˵Ҳܳɹǰ棬ȵҪڶ˭֣
ܣ˭ס·Ͷ˭֣ķóˣֶȻ˵ǣӦ޸ͰԸҶɣ
ȳԺһֻҪܵõ繫ʲôҶɡʥȫںҲܵͷ˵һεĹǱ
ôһ룬п𣺡һҪõ繫һҪ
ȻˣͲҪڣ˵˻סһԲʥ֮⣬һ֣ɱһ
Ҷĺ¶֮ЦûлȥնɱһˣΪӴ˿̿ЩţкôȥüֵԴǣȻԴʥ뺺ʥ
һ£Ҷͬʥһ֣һȥұеĽȣȥĳꪡ
ұ״ɫ䣬ڵ״̬ԵֵסڴָҲûãʱɽǰȻ˵
ƣ
ƣ
ڹұ֮ǰʽǰԲʥʱҶɶͷһ֮Բʥ繫ʵ˲١
ͬʱҶɴڸʥͺʥϢ˷ֱұ湥ȥͬһ˲䣬Ҷʣµĸ߽ʥнʥһ֣ǽµĴأ
¡ʱȻһӣּʽʥ뺺ʥǰ棬භתռѷ죬ȥ˲δָ˿һ˶ԲʥȻϣɸ˲԰֮ɫ
ұƲֱӸܣʥ̤ȥүүүү⣬
ͬʱҲʥ֡
ԴʥҶȥҪֹסǵĺɽΪǶǱɽףȻǲ֪ϵҪʲôɶҪǳϱţʲô£Ǿˣԣÿ˶ƴСǳǰ棬Ѫƴʩ
ƴɱʱ
Ҷɼˣ˵㻹Ÿʲôе˶ǣסˣ㻹ȡɽըˣѵ㲻롭
롱ʲôҶûм˵ȥһȴ˫۴ŹâӴָȡһԾնϣҪɽնɸԾȥһҩǰȥ
ʱҶμһӺݺݵڴɽϣ
䣡
ʧƽ⣬ȥ˴󲿷ɽҲһը죬ˣʱɽʯը𣬳
Ҷɣĺܲ
лл繫Ŀ佱Ҿã繫ҪһǿվߣȻػ繫ҶɵĻ֮⣬Զ˵ţҶɽ¿ȥûпʲôҶüѵҵĲ²д
һʣҶӼȥ
ȻһѪҩڳһӣ䣬Ҷɣ״ûˣûмȥǽĿȻǸٴδ𣬡һҪõʲô
Ҫ齣֮ʱҩڳһӣͻشһס󾪣ֱȵʲô
ȻȫҩһҶɽӣҪµʱҩǰ棬Ҷҩ̷Ц繫ѾˣȥӿɲãΪһ˵ˣαأ
ȲȻûһ˿ңҶ仰ɫȻ˲ʧЦôļˣأ
Ҷȥֱҳ˾ǧɵӣǹ𶯣ֱӴɳݵĳ϶۾͵Ͽȥ˴𶯣ɽ˲ٵˣȻܵס
Ŀһݣ֪ɽľƣܺΣգû˿ң侲سУͿҪգ
Ӻ󣬳վֿʼƽ֮еϸȫ
棬ȻǵѪø죡
鿴һôҲһˣƴѪս֮ʣһԿϷôһ룬ߵĴԲʥ˵ϣ㲻ùңȥɣ

Ͼף


1202 Ƶó
˵ϯֱϳһ̬ȣϸ֪еǸָ˭ҲΪϲųԾ
ϣ㡭
Ǹˣ
˵ţȥ͡Դһ˵ƴɱ֮УһϽϣɲ¶ԶȻʧȥȻȵϣҵܵܣ
ǣ
Ȼģһκȵ˭ҵܵһëĺǣҲĶ
ߵ󺰵ʲôòܣ
ҶⷬԻ۾ӹµµתһۿе
еĳѾһ뱻ӷ֮УǿӷҲԽԽ᲻÷֣Ϊֻнʥûն½ʵµľ֮У㲻ʲôټϣն½ҶɣصشģҪʧǿһȣ
ʱҶͻԾϣһֱȥȵҶɣҪʲôûɱڣ
֣
Ҷй£ֱն½ҿռӷն½˽ȥȻǿռ֮˺ն½
˵Ҳ֣ն½֮󣬿ӷʧռֺһ
ŭҶɣ㻹ն½
Ϊãǿǿռѷ죬Ҫٲ֣һ˽ȥԶʧƬ½ϣʱʲô繫һģ㽫Ҳ
ǣҵն½
һҸһС
һ֣ǿУҶɾͺˣڻҪһľ֮УҶѾȡһѳ˵ѵؽǰն½¡
ΪʲôӹѵؽʵҶһЦ˵ڿѣҪһԸǸС
лɻ󣬿ҶתȻ˵繫Žĵܵ˵Ҫ˽ܸܵЮ֣Ҫʲô£㲻ͶҪӦ
⻰۾ȻŹâһȥȻȵ
Ҷ۾ıóѵĹâȻǹҵĻҶɾ뵽ҪץȻƣǣȥЮ֣ȻͳҶõĶҶɼԤǰȥϣϣһ֮
ͬһ˲䣬Ҷгϧغȵ
ըȻͬ죬ȻҪӣը󷭹Ѫӿɴˣһӿһʱ䣬ɢƻ٣ƵҲʧҩʧ˿ƣ
ҶɼҩץȥͬʱѪڣȴתɱȥʥȴֱ飬־ǴɱУʥ󾪣ûĹϣֱץϣͻһ̣סʥҪأȴĶʥסǱߵҲܵըӰ죬ϹѾʹѵؽնʥãֱ嵽ǰץ

Ц繫޸ңȻҾɱܵܣ޲ޣ
Ȼסӣûãй¶˵ſҵܵܣ
Ӧ޸ңҾͷ
Ĳ𣿡
ȻɱޣʱҶ˵繫Ǳѵؽֽţ㲻ҪȻһ֮£ܵܿɾ͡
ԣҪֵȻͣˡ
Ҷɼ˵繫ΣȻֻһнʥȴܽƵ㾳أȻҲҪ÷繫ѿֻ繫֤һǿߣܹúõػ㣬˭Ҳ˺㣬繫һŵҩұ㻹繫繫ĵܵܣҲ𣡡
Ȼ飬鿴ȻеĹ֮飬Լǰ³ç۾͵شҪңһûۣ˭Ҳס㣬˭ҲĶ֣ɱɾұˣ
Сܣһģ
Ȼһһ˵ڷ躰ţҶóЦݣʵ繫֪ǸСںδò繫Զȥ˰ɣĻʵ̫ϧҿɻһأ
ըըһˣȥȻˣ鱻Ю֣ңǸǧɵǧɣϻҲ𶯣ʱԪڿգ
֮ϣֲ˸ѧľ
켴ԪҺָȥȻ֮ƣٷ֮һ٣ֻϣѾȲˣ
飬ӳ϶ϲȥֻһһ󣻴˿̣һļžˮҲƸоʲôײΧֻüǿ
Ӻ󣬳ϱۣһɹҾҪˡ


1203 챦
ɣһ£
֮󲼳ɣ
ۣĿңסǰھȭͷ׼һвԣȭϣĶֵԽԽѾûжʱȥˡ
һϢϢϢ
ϵϢټȥһȭ£ֱָȭͷɢϮڴʱʼҡȪֱڿա
ۿȭͷҪϣͻȻɢ⣬ֱ뾮ֱһС¶ϲʱջȭͷͣסȭͷպðסָӡˣ
ͬʱ洫ˮ껶ˣڳˣˡ
϶ˮ꣬ˮ̹ɽ꣬оֻ࣬ɽ͸źϢǰˮ͸ӯ븡֮йء
Щû϶𾪣ΪѾ²⵽ˣɳϵĿ⣬һֱˮм䲿λ˵ǵλá
һʺ죡
ʺ측ڳԺ˲򣬡һѪ
ţʷ̤ˮôһѪѪ˶ãǧ껹Ǹ磿ھľѪ
صһϲپ˵Ҿ㣬ŵˣ
ŵˮ꣬⻰תЦˣһˣҲһˮ˵ĻҪ㻰ֱ쿪㶼ңףһ׸Ұɣܵƾ϶ǳǿϲǿ׳塣
ˮ˵ţ³һˮײڳϣˮΣˮˮ˿һ㣬صˮɽ£Цƿھ㲻ɣ
ЦУϵӣԶˮꡣ
ʱϹЦˮɻ󣬡Цʲô
Цͷ֪
𣿡ˮ̧ͷһ£˵ΪƾĲãͿסûǿھڣʲôסҡ
ˮ˵꣬ԪҺҲҪһ㣬ˮһףȻһȥֻ䣬˸ɸɾ󣬻һζ֮״Ȼųϣ˵㻹ЩҪеĻҿԿ졣
üͷ˲ʧ֮һԪҺˮŵһģһϢǳеſһ̣ǹ˽ȥ
տʼˮ궼̵ûޱȣɰϢˮͻط˴̶ҽУˮ͸Ļ壬һɫˮ궢ųϣֱʲôֽţҺʹҡ
ЦţԪҺ룬صϻһˮѣӿ͸ڵˮҲֱ˵
ǶȥҪˡˮˣȻţ֣һӣһ£ˮ֮ϣʱˮðһ̣廹ķѵƣˮֱӸɵˣһŻϣ鲼ŵģȫǿ־壬Ŀ־壡

ˮһ˵ʲôʲôң㲻Ҫңҡҡͷһǲ㡣
˵ţϣ졣
ˮ꼱ˣæҪң
һץֱǾץջأˮɫţֱȵҪҲҪٽȥҪţˮתҪɢӡ
ˮת£ˮֱӱ㶵ӣæתҷģӽԺΨǴӣ𣡡
ˮ˵꣬һѪ⣬Ͻü𣬡лģͬʱҲûţʩչˮһϾȣΪһС롣
ˣô٣ȷӦòǱģסˮڵǵѪһеʣָǵѪţּˮ򡱣ˮ˵ںϽȥںϲȥܽȳȻٽȥĨȥĴڡ
ˮ겻滨ˮȥͬʱѭߡ̤ɽʯ䣬ֱϡ
շˮ꣬Ҳֻڵʯ䣬ڳȡ߾֮ǰ⣬˲ɽʯֱҫȻҶɵһǰ
һĻֱ˾㵲ѣΪҶо棬̺ŲܣУȵҶɣ˵ɽ챦ȫǺҶԣ⡭
Ҷɲѵɽ֮£챦


1204 
⣬һס
ҶɻɽĪ챦֮뵽˵Ľ򣬡ѵĶɢҶоֲܣ˾ǺεȸΪ
һ֮󣬲ȥᣬֻЮ飬˫¶âȻ繫Ӧ޸㣬ٲӦͱֱˡ
Ҷѹʣǡʱ˵繫㲻һ˲佫ըȫòҪŶ־ʮӣ
ȻϣЩҰףٵȻϵʥһĻ֣̿ʮӣǷ繫κһ˳˲أǶܲ
Ǳߣܡ˶ֹͣƴɱұһ˺ҶɡĴʥ䱸ֻҪһз紵ݶҪٴѪƴȥ
棬ţ
Ҷֵ繫㲻Ǻ۰ܵôĿʮܼ尾˵ǵǸ
仰£ɽҡ̤֮ڶɳӣֱݣȴˮ꣬ȫڽ˳ϵġˮУһʧٲȥ
ʥȣȴңɽ۲ǣһ̤֮У۾ֱסҵ֮أ뿴ǲ챦
ڴʱһӰʥĿ۽ԾȻûϼ֣û⿪ֻһӰӹһ޳Ӱλá
Ҷ˫Ŀ磬ֱȥ˳ƣ飬޷ԶҷѪǡǸ߽Ϊ
߽𣿡
Ҷɼö࣬ʶù㣬ҲɾһĻ̫ڻ
һҲڴţȴ¶ϲǴڳˣ
򣿡
һʥ۾ˣ߽𣬾Ľ
һ㵣ЦСӣǸС̫Цˣƾ߽ΪҲϷ繫ֺͷ䣬繫㻹Ǽ޸ɣ
в֮£ȴһҲ壬˵˽֮һ˵С˵ͷ¶βҼˣ
һ£˵ˣǻ۸ŮˣŮˣѪһҪŹǣǺݺݵ
ʵ棬ЦˣʥʥȵȣЦˣЦУŨıġЦǲӣʵǳϵΪǵӡ
ֻҶɣȻҲЦЦݺЩζ
˵ʵнʵһѣһ۳оƣ˼֣ٿշЩˣһƬ涼ˡ
תٿȻĿһۣ΢΢ͷЩʱ򣬲˵һ񣬾㹻ˣȻ񣬰㣬һǾСܣһСԱǸˡ
ˣȻҶɡ
϶ˣʵȻʾҲСҶɣҶеǰҩʵ̫ۣ̫ɧˡ
ܴȻҩģͨˣȻΪֻнʥڱ˵ϣܻԣȻ򣬳ԼһӣԼˣȻ⡣
ǣûȥעҶɣĿϣֻһɨȻע˼Բʥϣϸޱȡ
Ҷɼ״Цݸˣϲϲ˲עȴñ﷭ԼС
󣬳ϵ˵ﲻӭǣˣɣ

̫ˣ

ȵСĵ̣ʲôʱˣ
罫ɽٲңȻҵĵ̣˵ţȥҶͫâ״Ϲ뵤ϹԲʥʹ˸ɫ׼ʱ֡
ȫûнϷﻹȻ˵Ľ˷繫Ǳͽúһ涪̶ٱƷ繫췹
ǺԳ˵Ǹ콫ģνĸˣ
ûмðĻӦҡ
콫ϹϹСϽ¹ִԳ񣡡ųϣϳǰ⣬ûκ˵£㵽һǳصĳ
Цɣ£Ҹ
⻰ŭС
δ꣬͵ǰȥԲʥʩչɱУӱɱȥ


1205 ҳѪ
ͻȻϮɱ
㵣ȵҪʲô
ҶЦţ֪һףʾٳûˣ߽Ϊ÷繫ƴػ˭أǣصΪҲһԲѣԲҿ㻹ӪȳɹһӪʧܣǺǡ
ڳϱ֮ʱܡСˣҲ˲ǧ֮һϢ䣬˴оɱɵɲǣǿӽڿݽߵйȫ˿ʣأӿӿȥ
ˣѪЩѲ𣬻д󲿷ֵĳʥҲ֧ŲסεȥȡǰõʥԪˣԣַȥڼȡ
Ҷɿ˵ľٶ۾ɻ֮⣬ʲô˼
ʱɱĳϣͻתһȭϹƴʥͬʱ׳ö汦壬סϹ޴ʥɱС
˦һꣻµСڣɫâֻצ޴ʥȥ
ȭͷȻȭ
һĻҶɵͫף͵һ
ƴʥҲһ㶣Ҳֻһ㶣ųܹѪ֮ȭ浲סһĽֱ֮նȭͷȫ
ʹ˿̣ƺƺڶҫֱ֮ɣ֮һڶڶҡҪ϶ƴס֮ͬʱˮġˮ򡱣
ƴʥֵĺڶʲô֮ʱֿ˳ϵļһһЦִŽ֮ն£ֱնˮ򡱣룺ԿֱѰ·
Ȼһ˲䣬ƴʥȴ֣ӣƯһˮڣѪϸϸŴ󡭡
ǡ
ƴʥţѾȵ
ڶըڶĽ֮Ҳһͬ
ںȳʱϼ˲õ
ͬһ˲䣬ּһŨһǲΰڶԡڰ㡱ʽת
ԾʱǧԪڤ磬߼
ˣû꣬ȡһӿʥʮһƴʥȥ
˿̣ƴʥھڳϵôֵܵסĹʱڶըըûһݣ˿ȥ֮Уָоʹ֣һɼ֮Ϣ֮ϢϮӣţԪڤٲƴʥоԼΪ
ʱƴʥľȻΪ־壬Σȫæ֮Уȡһ͸֮ѽʣ͸֮һԪڤ٣նϣΪֹͣµ̶ն
ƴʥ㽫Ĵڸһնƣٻ񵲳е
ϧƴʥʧˡ
͸֮ն£ûնơڰ㡱תȥûгóƴʥеΣһӿûȥǰʲôȻܵסǵϣԹ۳֮նе

֮ķˡ
ƴʥϲ壬ܣǲִ۵Ĺ֮Ҳܱǣǡ
Ƿټ̺ǾҲܵ˷֮ŸλиǿѪѪϣһȦ
Ͼϲһϲƹ򣬶ϲ󣬵ڣԲ׷ʱ򣬳ϼע£ƴʥӣȴסӲֻ¡
飡
ƴʥֱӱȫ䣬׹޾Ԩǣ£һɸպãϵڶ£֮ƴʥԱֶζûʩչͱҳһ⽴
ڳƴʥƴɱ֮ʱ棬汦嵲ס޴ʥɱУ޴ʥ֮ϲ֮ʱСھצĵֱ޴ʥķɣȻץ
Сһģֱĵ޴ʥอλѪոͣסӣ޴ʥס޴ʥƸأ޴ʥ֮򣬻Ϣʱ֣ȫһļž
һʥڴ
ʲô£޴ʥûԼϵˣ˳߿ȥֻǸ߽СǰֻһѪ⣬ƴʥӰѾʧӰ٣
Ȼ޴ʥ뵽ʲô¡
ʱϻ޴ʥһЦ޴ʥ䣬һ˺


1206 춯ɱ
Ϣʱ䣬Բʥһһˣ˽һȫڵ˸ϵ桢ұҲˣǵȻ֮Уžϲ
Ȼһ
ʥʥӲɴһ
Ҷɵ⣬ھΰ鶯㵽˳ϻͻȻϮȳΪֻоȳ飬ǰľƣǣҶûϵϻڰ·ɱԲʥûϵϾȻƴʥһ̲Ѫ⣬޴ʥˡ
⣬Ϊһн֮еҶ˵һصĴ
תһЦЦ޴ʥɢץסǰ͸֮ЦͦãղҪѡ㣬ڳΪһ⽴ľ㣬Ҳ֪ٵһ᲻ôã
˵޴ʥȻ֪ʵֿһ⽴ǿ¾֮ģȵСӣҪ񣡡ֻǣһûеģеֻǿ־ζ
ϲ޴ʥתӣЦ

뾪еϻ֣ѵؽָǰѿڶȳ֮󣬿ȻǸļЦŭֽѵؽջĲϣвСʲô
ҡͷ˵ֻ㣬ˡ
һ⻰ͷȥ֤ʵһղűݺһȻ⣬Ҫͷȥߺըװ㾪𣬡ƭģ
ѣֱָϣȵСϽ£Զ˫ۣҾն
һûмıƵԾЦʵ²
һ㶣ͦţ˵شȵȻ
Ȼ㲻ٶȿһ㣬ǰѽ˲ĵԱĻᶼûС˵ɻҶüͷһʥ壬ϼ˵ն֮ٱҺ£ڿУ򽣴գձɹѣܱףҹ򵶿ԵҩάסãܣԶĥ֮Уýѡ
ųϵ˫˫ţԽԽˣȴЦҷ֣ʺϵҵĽġ
ҲĽ𣿡
һЦϵķʣЦˣЦԶԶԣ㱾ҵĽ򣬽ģԸɱҲԱģһһҪ󡣡
˵
ˣҪһҶᣡ
Ц˵ȴûӦʣ¶ɻʵ򲻴Ӧ
ϵ˵һôôҲҪᣡ
һ̶ͣЦԣᣡЦ˺һ˵ˣҽ㣬һ㣡
İɣ㰲ȥУ˭۸㣬Ҵ費ʶ
ϻӻ֣⣬֮ĶԻԽԽȷֶԽԽʱȵְɣɱҰɣ
Ҫˣ˵Ϊҡҡɱ㣡ҡ
ɱұɱģ춯ɱ
ˣѵؽȴĲӣԽԽԶȻ۾һĨϲɫͬʱ⣬һ䡰ҽһ㡱Ļᣬʥʥ֣ȴȻ¡
ʱ棬
ҶĳģˣʱعͷԴؿһֳ󲿷ֵˣԴˣܣʥ
ȻȻĿ⣬ֻ飬Сܡ
˳ϣϿ˵ιģҪרһ㣬Ķ⣬Ͻɱ˰һץ㰡
⻰ޱȵơ
ƵģҶɣҶɼϸûбҲĲȥˣȻ˵һϷֻϧϷݴطˣʮģңֻҪһ֮£ǼͻὫʮҵѪӣʣ£
ը
ϿѵؽȻǡʱ˵ǰѽġ
Ŷ
Ӧһ˵㻹һɵð˼ˣ˼ǮҲ˹ҪŭȣͬʱӿѵؽȴҶӽӵÿ죬Һȳֿ죡
Ҷɣ˵
ҶɲΪȻЦԹҵĻ㻹лϣû취ֻˣоԼ񱻼ڻϿʲɱʱҪըҲӡ
ɵð
ֶ˵֣תӣҶɣҶĵڿתˣҿǰľ֡˵ҪʲôϷ
ʵжټ


1207 һΣ
жټ
ϵҶ۾һ壬ȴ˵Ը㣬һ㹻ˡ
һԶԶһΣ
ЦţץŵĽȣץеꪣټϳϸմƴʥȡõ͸֮һ
Ҷ˵˵ҪһͬΣ
ȻҶɫ䣬һʥ
û˱飬Ȼƽ˵ĻǾϼ
Ҷ˫۽âϼǿ˵ģŪЩҲǧ࣬Ѳеܱȡ
ͻأҶɾòԾԺһӰ
ϵоһǰƴʥҳѪȣýϹ⻪죬һȻϡ
˿˵
˼״вԽԽأҲŻɣĿǰӴʶѯ˵֮أǼΪƫƧĵطΪʲô˵Ҫߣһһ־ǰ˸ΪʲôǿޱȣͷСڴڣΪʲô֪ͨδĺɫƣǹޱȵͷˮеĴڣħٵƤȵȣʮɽСƿǶڶĴڡ
ЩĴڣƫƧ֮ӵеģ
ԺһϿʵһ𣿲Ǿټһ
˵ųȡһ
С
˵ҶǿģҲѹƲסؾ

ȡһ
ʵƷײ֪˵ǾǾżܲѹ볷ֳʱ˵ǧҪߣһߣҾͽżһ֪żͬʱըλʥܷ
֮ǰҶһȻˣҪżڳˣ˭ӵùɫ֮ʱϻûио˵λͷǼ˵ʲôУΪԷһһ㣬ҿżҲ
£ҫ

˾гҶɻһﲻţ׻ж
Ӳˣ
ЦݲãǰɱһԲʥһԲʥԴǴ޴ѹ˼Ĵʩѹ˭Ҳỳ˼ⲻ֪ȷʵܣֻʱĳȷʵܣ
ҶҶҵʵҪһǲܵģԣԹԵģ˭ҪҶǾһԣҪǧҪס
˵꣬Ҷɫ˵㲻Ҳ
Զһ£ʼ˵˵ˣһ£𣿲ĻͿԶһģ
Ҷɫ粻Ȼ϶Լ䣬ǣҶģҧгݵ˵湻ݣ
𣿸ݵĻںأ
϶һЦƿ뷨̶תٴһһ̤ȥʱ֣ȵȻȻҲҲ˵Ȼ֮ĺݻ
˵ˣ
һɱ˵˳ǳϽŲͣȻǰȥﻹ˵ɱˣֲɱ
վס
ְ
㡭Ƶòͣˡ
ô㲻ɱ
ҡҡ
ķ񾢣ڳŨŨɱִţ˼֮£ˣһʱķȴ֮ӿľǵӣûήˣ
㲻˵С㻹һС
ҡ
㲻Ҫҹ𣿡ʳһ䣬̤һ˻ʳ֮ܲסϵѹϥһˡһ֮У
̤һɱֱ̾˵˵ˣȴƫƫţ治֪ʲôɵġ
Ͻ¿ȥȻ֮䣬һʳɫɷףҶɵˣڵ뼷ǧضųϡ
ˣȣЦŶԳ˵лл㣡
㻹н򰡣
һ㶣Ц򣬳֮⣬˭Ҳܲ𣡡
ǡ
ʱȻһ۳һѷ絶ֱһʽץסȻ֣ȻףΪʲô


1208 Ķ
ȻǧŭҪɱȴסȻ⣬ЦȻһǧζڣȷʵ
Ϊʲô
ܵܰɣܵ
Ȼһʱ׹֪Ҫĥĵܵܣ¶м֮飬мά˵ϣһȻȴֶԳ˵һΪΪ򡣡

ղУ̸ЦĳϣʱȻ˵֪ģ֮ǰЩΪⳡϷġ
Ȼɫ䣬ֻǵ˵ͷȴǴһֵķ硣
鲻ȥܣת˵ԶԶģסգױ˳úûţǧҪڱɱ֮ǰ
ϲû뵽ܷæҪ񱼣˵æӣ
ˣ
ϵعˣҡ
İɣɱģֻǽУصһ˺򣬶Ӣһھ˵ڵĴȥͻᱻΪˣһݣԳ˵˽ҡ
ӿɽ̣Цһ䣬˵һȽеĽ̹
æݳȥҶ۾⣬룺ҲҲҪһӣһĳ󡣡
ѵؽץסһ˲䣬ѵؽͻؾֱҪֶҶѭȥҶЦҪҵĽҲˣͬⲻͬ⣡
Ұ
ϸûаҶɵĻһ¶ֻǶԽȳ֣ҶЦҵĽ֮
ҵУοĽһ䷴ȣֱȵҶϺڰ֮ɫתҶһͣҵҪôҵĽ
ҶɵĻո£͵һ飬ȻͿѵؽһٶžһҶɵҶɸоϺݺݴһ⣬ʹ
ôƵµĻӡ
ҶʮֵĲģԴСӴӵص׳ƣһһתƣʤͱʧܣΧ˵Ҳ˼һ֮䡣
ϲ֪ҶѵؽʲôֻһԶȵȫעѵؽ棬ҶµĻӡͱҷˡ
ӡһʧѵؽȻ͹ԹԵذ
Ҷϵ仯ȻûȻע⣬Ȼٿѵؽһ۳ϣӺˣͬʱ뵽˵ġ򡱶֡
ʼսҶӣ˵ߣڶҪס䵽㾳صģңǱˣǸʲô
ҶɣȻٴʱ˵
ԣǸҶģûг֣ҲﲻĿģҶĽҸҿ϶Ὣˣǽ赶ɱˣˣ˵ҲĳˣĶˣ
ҶҶġ֣о𣬶֮ǰ֣Ȼ˵Ҿ˵ôǰҡ
ȻָϽԳ˵ˣȾң
¶һЦݣֵ㿴ʥһһˣӦò°ɣ
ǵģ˴ǸһϹƴʥ˵ǸĵϹ޴ʥҵϹҲˡ޺˵ʥ뺺ʥң
ⲻһ󹦣ͻȥӻ㱨˵ϹѾҶĸˣҪڱͱǵһӣȴ㷢ˣȻҶı㺷ηԡѪƴɱǶ£Ѿǧཫƴʥ޴ʥҶŪ˸ˣȻƾʵǵģԣȫˣȥҪһߡȻӣϹ뵤Ϲ飬ϹΧ֮ڣڱϹֻҪôôǾУ
һʥľսҶɵĿ⣬ǱޱȣޱȵؼһǾͲǴ֣ǴˣͣضԳ˵ллˣллˡ
ҾһܵøллҰɡ
һ㶣˵ʲôԸ
Ը̸ϣֻȡһ㱨ѣռĸϣ½ĵͼϣ֮֮ҩ似󷨣ҰʷӼǣִ˵ƾõɽӡľ׼ãʱȡʱû֪ʲô
ˣһƴġϽģЦݣȻʵˣҿ𣿡
ˣ
̿ˣæʵˣʲôԸ
ǰ治˵ҪԡѪƴɱ㿴ڵӣԡѪƴɱˣ


1209 Ҫ
ԡѪƴɱˣţ֣޴ʥ˵㣬
޴ʥţȴûǰۿųϣ۾ɱ˵ҪΪвϷ򣬴һϷ򡭡
û޴ʥ˵꣬Ͻѵؽֱ޴ʥ޴ʥоֶ֣ȵ㣬Ȼĸҡ

ѵؽˣ󲿷ֵܣֱ޴ʥȥ޴ʥҪܵӣڱ֮Уһ˿ۼٴ档
ը֮ʱʥûѣϵը𣬡˭һұһ𣡡
һ˵ͱˣһԲʥ˵ɱɱˣʱ˭ҽϵĻǶԷ磬ķֵסǿֲܡ
ҶɼҲǱը˸ѪӿǣҶɵ۾ȫһƬΪϣ֮ܲʱʲôûãȦԪ֡ȵȣûмˡ
ĿʹǴҲԵֵġҶɿ⣬ҶˣӼųŸΪǰչ¶ĸ߽Ϊ϶Ǽٵģٷ֮Ǽٵģͬʱлţ˭ǰδ˵
ɢȥѵؽըĵطΧеʥǱ϶һ߽ʥ˵㻹һԸ
޴ʥӾǰ߽ʥаԥСǰָ˵ĹסҪԱ߻ǣǧҪˣΪˣˡ
߽ʥη˵ͷ˹ʱѪҽ󣬳ֽ˸˺ۣЩ棬ҶɵˣĴϹˡ
Ҷɲû˳ûһҲֻ룬Լȥģǰ˼ʵ̫
ðϣȴʹţȳϷȥ֮ʱһĸж£л˲ѣ
һֱԿţӰʧ֮ͻ˵ԺҾ͸ˡ˵仰鶼ò˼ʼҪóأųϵʬ
ҲûϵôһҪЦһ죬һΣյ飬ͱԺ󽫻Ǽҳ㷹
Ҳ¡
ϿȻȻѵһЦЦҲǷһ顣ûоֲܾɵģţǿǺô࣬Ȼĳ谮ϹӶܿóȻֺܵĳ裻񣬶Գ˵İǳ϶ȴкܶʡ
Ҫһ죬͵ҵĻ
һĻ
תһοҶɣҶѾں飬ˣûоԵʵ֮ǰҪһȡΪѡԣҶЦ²ĺֶΣҶɣ֪մ
Ȼֻ˵
ҶԹǿѹ֮ʱ˵ҩ˵ţҶȥںȻһСܣҲϰ벽
ȻֻһСϸڣҶɵȴˣûʣҶɾ֪ҩ϶ҪȥģټϻҪΪѡֻǣϵ̬ܲˬҶﲻĬţɷ죬ҪƽأնԹնҪٱ
֮Ҷɫ˵繫ղʵ̫ˣ繫дգұصţ
˵꣬Ȼ˫ֽҩϣҶɴ˾٣ҲǴ⣬յţҲΪһμ繫˺ɡ
Ȼҩһ֣˵֣ϴŻ壬˺ҶɵӣҶɫ䣬Ǻ޷֮ʱ˵һպԱ֮𣡡
á
Ȼջ磬ҶɲŶӣѪҶ֮֪ܻˣ뵽뿪ƾٶȣܽ˵׷ϣˣҶɼЦ˵繫ʮӣڣ£Ѿӣٹ¡
Ҫѭȥ˵ˣ
Ҷ˵ʱȴòͣ²ӣתԳϹ˵֪»ʲôԸҶ֪ڲʱԽηŵúܵ͡
Цƴֵӣһ㣬ʵΥġ
Ҷɫ䡣
Ķˣܲأ
Ҷɫٱ䡣
Լ֣֣


1210 ֻΪҵĵˣ
Լ֣֣
ϸѡҶɺ˵Ҫ仰Գ˵ģȻҶҲֻ룬ʵȴȡ˴ָݸ˳ϡ
أ
Ҷɶųϣ׵㾳أѡǾܵˣȻû¶ԹߣеĺѾŨŨҹһ㣬ϯãĺУҶ۳֮ԼҪȥѪֱѺɼǡ
о£Ҷ̧ͷųϣ𣿡
۾кâЦˣԼҲһĺݣʵղԶһ£˵ͶӮˣҿһϧˣ
Ӯˣòҡ
ҡͷ˵ǵѡǰնݳԾ󻼣Ȼ϶ĴųϢ˵ʮ˵Ƿ繫ˣɫջ֮£֪鷳
ҶͫһӷȷʵôģͻȻҶ뵽һµ⣬ԼԼ̳ˣĥҰɣ
ҲѹҶɻô룬ڵҶɿǺսҶһݣҪôҾ͸ƴˡ
ϼ˵ʮӼȻ˵ҪһǽɽҲǰҶ˵ЩƾĴǣ϶뵽һЩʷƾõɽˮľһ֣
Ҷк޸Ũ
˵ǣǸɽˮ֮࣬ǿԺɽĴڣȻĻҿɲľ֣˵󣬳һ֣Ҷɵų˵߰ɡһĻȴϵͣڿУЦʵ˵ǲҪٸһػ׷Ǹأ
Ҷֱȴֻƴס
ֵˣ׷ϣǾ̫ˡ
⻰Ҷ룬ܸ˰ɡ֪ʵˣһ£ˣ˵
ۣ
ҶֱѪˣβܣǣ
˵ǸߣҲǲܵ飬ӳʥʼøղŵǹɺݾԼһҾͷһ˸ߣ
˻һ䣬ҶˣбҶٳȰĸʥʥȵȣȫۿŷɣ¶ҶֱѪ˵һͷһʥƴˣǣӳʥʼǽԼˣҲȲһʥ
θ
ƫƫͻֻԼ˸̬
ҶɶԳ˵㲻ݣҹ
ֻΪҵĵˣ
ҶɲٿϵĿ⣬תԸʥһ˵λԲˣҲǣʵˡδ˵꣬Ҷת˵ҿ𣿡
ߵĻϷ
Ҷﻹ˼ϷۿʲôϷ˵裬˵󣬻ԼС˽ȥǾѰ·ˣˣҶٶȣԶȥ
ҶӰʧ󣬳ϿŻŵԲʥʮ߽ʥнʥЦǵӣǶȥˣڣ·ѡһһڣվߵģվұߵģ
ʥˣ˵ţ繫Ѿҳŵ콫ʮ꣡
һ򵥵Ļ˵Ŀᶨ˲٣ʥھǸѾˣ繫˭˲֪һϵһʥǱߵˣҲָòˣҪɱǸûʤ㡣
˭
һ߽ʥ˵ţȥ
˿ͷͺðˣƬ֮󣬾ֻʣԲʥվԭʵѡˣ
ʥʵϹô죿
ʮ󣬷ȥ
ã
ʥҲȥʥõ֮ͬҲߣԲʥһ֮ߣֻʣҶɴʥ
ʥ˵Ҳʮ󣬷һȥ
Ϊβң
Ϸʣʥ飬ȻǽһξѪˡ
ԶҶɻŸղŷһĻһĻ뵽ϴǸڶʱ˰ڳΣѪѵһȭǽ֮
һҶͿ϶ҪԸҪΪһˣβŵأ
ΪԨڵɽϿգѾһʥһϸоƺ˼ޣʵٲǿЩʥͻᳬɣԣ״
ǲиһ䣬Ȼ˵ճϡ


1211 ֮˵
ϣڼҵŵġʥҪųϻȰʥԱ߰ǻ˵ȥһУ˵׻֧ҵġ
ʥתͷȻ繫⡭
С˵İɡ
÷繫ʥ˵꣬Ȼ˵ҴӦȥ콫ʮ꣬ԳУǸϽȥɣһǷ֮ء
ʥȻѶȰ˵ֻùǣתϱ˱ȭ˵ˣϾô˷ˡҲǹޱȣڴ֮ǰǶԳϿ϶ǲмһ˵ġ
ϵͷЦ˵
켴һȺԶѭȥҲܡһʥ콫ʱֻаʥһнʥСһ൱ڸ߽ʥĴڣкʮټԼСڣ˷ϹϹȼѪս󣬻سʱԲʥüܣڸ߽ʥʮнʥʥ١
֮⣬Ȼ㲻ˣ
ʵ콫Ȼȴûһ˸ҽ콫ٵ࿴
һ·ϣûκͣЪٶȣ콫ȥǳɽһսϢûȫʱϻ콫֦ڣҲҪúһ£úܽܽһʱջ
ȻһֱǲУѭչˡߡȻ磬ʩչҡֱϾ˲£ȻȣЦǽ似أ
ãд⡣
Ȼص˵ˡҡֱϾĹھľȵȣҲССľȣֻǵͿʮѭȣµʮʱֻĹ⾰
ҲֻǾȶѣϵѭܹȥģһ죬پʮ죬һǧ졭
˵ǿܹѭȥģֻҪڵľܹͨܣ㹻ǿȵͬʱϲΪ⡰ҡֱϾҲֱӴͨˡ
΢һ˼֮󣬳Ҳ˵ˡߡĿھȻֻ˵̸һЩ˵ɳݺֱӾȻԶԣϲף쾭ǳܣɲܽ˵µľ֮󣬳˵㽫ߡȫ֮󣬿Žоѭ
仰ȻʱȵؿųϣȻûߡӳϸղ˵ǾǺǧеľѭǾһ֮¡
ϰס̽мĳ嶯Ȼ򵽵ʲôĥµˮ֮򣬻֮򣬶ԡЩȴ̣￴ˮ¡
򣿡
Ȼһ˼֮󣬵˵һԣʥĹ򣬾ǶУԪļã·䣬ǵһӣң֮ҾǷһӣԹģܹתıԹ򡭡
ͬԹʥأ
Ȼͣ½ŲȺʥ׷֮Թĸ߽ʥսʮ֮󣬳üɽȻ˵ʥȵľ˭иܣԪԽ࣬ɵĹԽǿԽ̣һ߽ʥһԲʥսǸ߽ʥᱻѹƣǸ߽ʥֶΡ
ϯиŨһ㣬ǲ㱡ɴֻǻһǲ㱡ɴ£ʵղ˵ʥĹأĹ𣿡
ȻԶ˼˵վĵطߣķ羰ǲһģĹǲһҲ͸үү˵Ĺؼģ
룿
һһ߶ţȻֵʥ򣬶ȱݵģֻҪҵȱݣ򣬲ѣ
ȱݣ
ǸڶҸоǿ󣬸о似̺ʲôҿĹһؼ򶼲һȻ˺ڶܸߵۣ֪ڶȻˣΪ֪ڶ˹
ؼһ
ʱ˵ںڶеĸо벻ͨ͸㽫£Ȼ˵ġһԡȻһ㣬Ȼвһ㣬ûʵ˵ܹգ
˵ġȻ˳һۣЦǲʣȻգΪʲôҪ½ϣƬ֮£
ϵ˵ͷ


1212 ڶ뷨
ͼڴ½ϴޣ˵ϴһ̣ϾСΪβա뷨ˣֱ죬ҵʵĻᣬ˳
ȻЦݣһصı飬˵죬ôƵġ
ûв廰Ȼġ
κȻ˵һ֮죬࿹Ǵߣ˵ȷʵգȴûһȥƣǱƲѲȥƵġ
ƲѣƬǿ֮£ʲôڸȥ񣿡
£Ȼ꣬
һġ֣ܾǰĲ뷨Ϊ𣬷ҲΪβã
Ȼ֪⣬𣬡ңоԵƿգ֮ӭĻʲô˭֪ǰҩڿһССӷ죬˴󣬸οա
ҲипʱĲͨȥ뵽˺ڶǸͼڴ½ĺڶڶܹдҲ˵ڶΪĹʽܹΪֻҪ۳ĺڶ㹻ǿǲܻסմ𣿾һ
ֻпռ֮к֪ܶڣңֻ֮ʲôһ֪δ֪Ŀ־壡
˵棬ҲǺ½һĴ½أ
ȻȻΪһ˵Ҳͣ˵ôԶأǸգԶأ
һΣȻûиͣǶųϣ˵Ҹоܹɹ
һ㶣켴Ц㣬̫˰ɣֻһ߽ѡ
Ȼô꣬ǵһοܹԲʥնɱĸ߽𡭡
֪ǽ˺ܶ˵
ȻЦЦû磬ֻ˵һܿأ
˾˵˿Խ˵ԽͶ棬Ȼٶȣһţûʲôʾȴ飬ܿ죬Ҳݽ˵̸֮Уǰδйĸ
ˣʮ࣬һ̤콫嶴ǶȥϾ֮ʣ鼷ǰ˵һ⡣
ִŵؽС򡱣Ҳ޿κΣѾʾ飬ֱδδţֻȥЦô죬Ҳʵڹģʰɡ
죬ҪҶҪĵĻô죿
Ҷģ
һأ
ˣˣ
һʱûףתʵҶʥǽвѡ񣿡

ǡ
Գϣ˲ŻԳϴ㣡
ǡ
Щʱ򣬲Ҫ򵥵飬̫ӻˣҶˣţЩʥ϶ֹҲ˼صĳʥǣȴӮЩԲʥģȻҪˣЩʥҲͲˡ
˼ҲݽԼ˼֮УһʲôڣǺʵ㹻Ҫȥһ
һ֮˵ִ嶴ǣʱյ嶴ǣһ˽ʮֵշ嶴Ͽգд嶴ϿսֹУ£򣬽£ѺΡ

ϼǵԼߵʱ򣬶û˵ýҡ
󵨣Ů֮С˵ţһӰڿգɨȥΪȴʶ𣬶ӰϣȴǸϽǸС˻ȥ˵ˡ
˵֮䣬Ѿ̤ձϲˣӭ٣ˡ˵ţȴĿⶢȻϣһо˫۴ʹ֣˭
һΪﲻӭأ
Ц˵һ䣬Ӱȥɫ䣬Ͻ׷ȥڳҲ콫Ļʹ󣬳ýһ򣬹ʥסϵľҲʥͬһ֮ΪҪЩʥ
⣬ýռ֮һΪ˽״Բһ׼ͨҡֱϾľȻڵǿͨǧѡ
һ£콫ȫת嶴һܫɽʥļľָ֮֮ԴԴϵܫɽ
һԭɽܾȥץħޣóϸȥˣұȥƳ嶴ǵ󡭡
ϻصˣʮϹ᧿ΣرЩֻһʥڵϹǸǾ羪֮ҲˣλȫϵһϢ
ճ̵ģԸҶ𣬽ԼΣʵر鸸ĸ˵飬ڳˡ
̾Ȼ⺢ӡ


1213 ܫɽ
ǧ
ȭ
ȸո£һ춯صը죬һԸ߽ʥͳϸ߽ʥľ˽һֻѪȭҹ򶯵
һȭͷһ㣬Ĺ֮󣬳Ϻȵ
߽ʥһݣʹȫȣҫǿգ
ȭ
Ӱٴηɿϡȭһλ߽ʥľսĺڶϽʩչӭȥ




ϲ֪ƣ룬һȭһȭ߽ʥѾѣǻ֣˻ĺڶûϷֺԽԽǿ߽ʥ˵ж
ϴ𾢣ٱԸ߽ʥѾ۵ˣȭȵһʥ֮Уûʥȥһָ˵
һԵĸ߽ʥعս⣬һΣָ죬ʱƽƿնƺȣΪ壡
ȭ
¡
ѣڶ飬Ӱһײ֣ϣ
س죡
ȭ
䣡
䣡
䣡

ը಻ʥ
ٻһ
ٻһ
ٻһ

ʮʱϵĶ֣ѾʮŸˣľˮйȫʩչһڳµĸ߽ʥ࣬ù
ΧһʥѾľˣЩԲʥȻɵˣж鲻Խظһʣ⻹ѲһԴȪ
ǼؿĽޱȵʲôʱҲܴﵽĸ߶ȣ
˵򡣡
ţǿ⣬ԳԺȺ֮󣬱صסʥ似ľ飬ЩϲЩпڼʱ滹ûȫľЩɶѳɶѵصǰ
㣬ɵȴδҵ㣬㾿ţѾʼɲ֮ٵʧ
ʱ֮󣬳ϲšҡֱϾľͨٶǳһֱģ·֮⣬šΨ첻ơ϶ܲܽߡ롰ҡֱϾһһµٶ似
һߣȻҲĥгϴǸڶת˫ÿÿ뵽ת뵽˵ĭ뵽ĽͷԼС̸Ѿλˣ֪ǺĴڣӣӦһҸ°ɣ
ԳһЦҺθأֻǷѣۡ
͵ܫɽ֮ﲻ٣ٶһܫɽϧܫɽȴһ֮ﶼûռ֮ʥĴָҶµĴָгƳĵҩȫûˡ
Ӵ֮ȫСڵĶӡ
Сɽܫɽ֮󣬸ϴ˼ȼĸоȻ󣬳ϾͽЩ֮ȫСڣÿ춼аʥרŸ֮
ӾһһĹתۼѹ
һ죬ֿʼĴʥѾϰڳԶ֪ƣı̬ⷽϰˣһ棬ȴּţ𾪵ľǳϵʵʵ̫졣
֮ǰҪʮغϣ߽ܽʥĸɾڣʮغϲ߽ܽʥľ
һ̣ǰµʱ䡣
ľ߽ʥʱ̣Ͼĸ߽ʥƴɱµĸ߽ʥȫ³ˣҲ⣬ʱ߽ʥվһˡ
ȴȭһ㣬ԭʥɣ˽ôˣѲľˣ˶Լ뷨Щš
һվǰʱ
ʱ֮󣬳˵һ
ʥ֣һԵĸ߽ʥһֱӾһУس죡
һƬ򻯳Ĵأ𣬳ûлŴȭĿ棬һƬ֮أʲôس嵽ǰĿⶢסһ͵ؽһȣ켴ڶɳ
䣡
Ƭأ͵Ƴһ
߽ʥʱסǰûгֹ˸ʹƹֻܺľǵ浽׷ʲô߽ʥţٻӶȥ
ԶȻ۾ҵˣ


1214 
߽ʥеǱ
ȱưĹأɢȥҪϻɴصһ֣Ŀ̽ȥ˲䶢סĳһ㣬켴геġȭڶ֡
䣡
ٴαһ
ܣ߽ʥʵǲǰʵôᱻƣҵĵúÿ죬Žȭ
ȳϺȳ߽ʥһκȥҲ˼Ⲣĵ㣬νһƣǣһȫʹƣȫƣ
ţһȭֱһ֮󣬸߽ʥҲʹһ㾢Ѫۣηؿųϣ¡
һ߽ʥԶԾϣԸþһУ裡ɹ֮ɵĽź죬ϣڷ֮УӲ󡭡
ͬĹ򣬲ͬͬ㡭ţǰվ˰ʱǷͻȻ֮䣬뵽ơʱ֩뵽һ㣬ʣһ㣬ǧ˿ᣬĵһ㣬ǧ˿ңƣ٣ǷҲ㣬Ǵڣ
ŵĽڣҪҧ³ϵԴڶȻڽ£ĵھſƬһ죬Թ۵ƬƬƬ˲뵽ëʣ
ȻǵھſƬû飡
ҲײصػǰһƬѪģ߽ʥסæˣҲǹġȴûֻţղһ㣬ӦûΪʲô˽֣
һϱǻһ飬۾⣬ȷʵ㣬ֻǿǿ㣬ҲΪˣŻὣδơ
뵽⣬ֱ𣬸߽ʥԻţ⣬ЦҴһΣǰһɣܴʮΣ͸ɡ
⻰߽ʥʮֵؼƹһӴ޲óδ׼õʱϴʮΣȻ˦֣ȥɸ߽ʥסˣ¼ŭ˳ϣϼ󣬼һȭˡ
߽ʥʵʲôУ
ǵģ
۾һ϶˵һʼ֮󣬸߽ʥȲļһεĽȸղһ˽ܵԪƱһ㣬Ϣ֮У۾ھƬ۴оһ˿Ծ켴뵽ղ˵ĻǹһĨЦݣ¾ܣȭѪֻܱѪ¶ģʺ֮ɫкüɫ
裡
ȭ
ͬʱȻھƬۣ߽ʥϲֻųȥȻ͵أڳȭͷҪ֮ʱرˣҵĲǵھƬۣǵھƬۡ
߽ʥ״֮УϧѾˣڶһײƣزһͻʹ󶴣Ҳܷ˫˺ȴûеء
һĻ߽ʥЩĲʣھƬ۴İУٵһΣ֣ôģ

Ϻȭϣ߽ʥϽȻһŷ֣ĵ̫ˣʣµ֧ȭ߽ʥ̧ͷȵؿųϡ
飡飡
֮󣬸߽ʥ˵ϣƴˣʩչУ߽ʥŨŨϣȥвɸһͷҲٽ˴򵹣Ѿûлˡ
߽ʥˣΧֲֵĿֲΧܫɽʥǣһξ̾ɳ̫ˣǰһҪȭܸ㶨ȭ㹻ˣһҪ٣
һͣͱӰϯƺˮϮ׼ĵ㣬ȭ֮޶Թǣ󣬱Ӱ飬Ѫˡ
ͣЪһ߽ʥ˻ڿϣɱ£ȭһ߽ʥ˵
û˿ʣȭ߽֮ʥˣûٿ⣬ɢȥ໤ȻҲ˵ųЩӵŬ
Ȼ˵ϲҵǵ㡣
ҡͷЦ
Ȼסʵôˣ
̫ˡ
Ȼһ㵣˵ɳȥò˶ãһȭȫƸ߽ʥĹ򣬵ʱ߽ʥ£ǰ߽⣬ˣ
Ͽ϶³һ֡
γԣ
ҹǿﻹõȥʲô㡭

һһ˵㹻ǿȭͷ֮㣡


1215 ת
㹻ǿȭͷ֮㣡
һȻס֮סģܵĿ磬ЩղŻҡڵĴȻƱʩ˶һƣΪ̰ڣ
ȭͷ֮㣿㣿㡭ȻԺصѣǰδе𶯣꣬һ
һ̣ϵҲţҪ㹻ǿĹʲôʲôʲôĴԵʲôΪεʵֻҪһȭҷ𡣡
Ҫ㹻ǿʲôһȭܽݻ٣俪һؼҵ·
Ҫ㹻ǿҵĵﲻΣǽ֮£ҵİ˲Զ磬ҽ
Ҫ㹻ǿһȭأһȭ죡
Ҫ㹻ǿƺգǧֺξ壿ֻȭΣ޾գǳΪ飡
һУҪ㹻ǿ󣡡
Ҫǿ
ǿ֮һ֮۷壡
䡪ǿ
һɰԵϢӳɢδֻȭѽԺкڶתڶ֮⣬ӿȫȾÿһϸ
վԵȻҲδΪȻԺŴ籩籩ĴȻ룬㹻ǿɵܴ棡ǷƣǷ𣡷𣡷𣡷𣡡
һ֮£־Σ޿񱼣׳սʷʫ棬սӵسؼ䡣
оǹս⣬ڵİħһ㣬ȻڣȻѣתͷϣ¶㵣ѿڶ
˰ɱӵУɱ˶ˣȻȻɱɱԽ࣬ɱŨɲԵҪޱȵ־ҪҪʱ˺ͣҪеר־
ȻûмȥǺܹ֮߷ϵİСܣ࣬죬ұһ֮
£ս죬һѪҺڣֱӣ죬϶˳ϣ
Ժкڶ֮ƣ֮䳩Ժ֮
Ȼȫʩչֳϵİÿһ֣ҪĹҲԽ࣬أȻɫˣֽ΢΢ˣȻȻûͣ£ҩȡڿա
ֹƬ̣ȻһѪ
ʱ죬һХ
𡪡
ХУȭͷԿռڶֱ
Ȼæ̧ͷȥֻŨŨĺҹڶɢȥΧԽԽƺڶǺҹˣһ㡣
תȺ֣³

Ȼſ죬ҲղϣԽԽΪ󣬻ûɢȥ˸ȺǣתҲǣ
һĻϢʱ䣬ʧ
Ⱥˣˣҹ٣沢δȻԺʧޱȣȻһһţתǡƣ
ٿϣһȭֱѣΣ˵ϣڵһգ棬ɫݽߣɽϡϢԪҺҲһβʣƬҶ棬Ҳβ¶顣
ڰβתͣͣ
ǰҲʧ·δֹ
ѣֻƬ̣鿴ڵ״̬ɳԾδֹϿȻ˵ʲô
㲻֪
ҡͷ
Ȼûн˵ȴ˵ǰֻǸоҸҿ϶ܳɹգ

ϻɵĲ仰ȻΪʲô˵
Ȼ΢΢һЦԺԼ׵ģ˵㲻ã
Ȼ˵ҲͲʣ˵Ҳû˵оԼĻܣȫֹͣһ㣬ɫӲ԰ףƤϳֵѺۡ
Ȼ״ҲǳԾ켴ô¶˵ţҪתƣĴۣȻ޴ôӲƣ֮
˵ţϺ󱳣һЩϣһȻ͸оԾԺﾶֱĳһ仰ڳˣ
ϸоֻֽסпЦȻľٶ֪Ľֻϧڵ״ֹֹ̬ˡ
Ȼ㶣ȴ̽飬ƣƵԵĵλã룬ȻЯ罵٣һ򽻵ڵڲ֮ͬܣǷܡ
ȻԷܴϵĵԾȻóлָϾҲʩչ磬ȻǺʩչģջۣôٻз֮ۼڡ
Ȼܸһ뵤Ȼ֣ûˣ


1216 
ûˣ
ȻǾˣɲȣôԵ޹ûأ
ǣǡ
Ǳˣ
ȻóۣɽӾҵ֮УȻû֮ǰҪ൭Ȼж൭ȻС֮⣬ûʲôܹ˼ɫϷֺ
ȻԴײ˳ϣ紵һ˸һ˸ߣлڶɣ˫ѷ죬˼תƣٵʱķʧ
̷ܣǾͿ㣬̶ܹ٣ȻΪԼľȣԴԴϵؽܶ룬֪һľ֮С
弴ţҲóСһ粻УԪҺˣ˵֮иûԪҺ˷ܣɫĴڣҲǲУ
һʱ䣬еĳϣǸо
ŷܵԽӿԽ࣬Ҳо˷ܵȥ򣬷ȥ֮ȴֻ֮ǺȻͣͣתܵȥ򣬳ϵ𾪣һҲȻСںɽĹսУۣ̺ŵҲ
һ˿ʡ
ǣȴ֮У޵ִβó𾪣
켴ģǣڰתв֪ǿܣΪӦڣ˺УȥӦĴڣ֮أ
ڤ˼ţŰ취⡣
һӵʱ䣬ҴҶʱҴŵģȻķܣȻӿܣ֪ӣȻûоϵ֮ڵ˿ܺۼڡ
˶ܣ̸ɾ
Ȼɻ󣬲ЩԭϾʩչ磬һ֮Ϣͬ΢粻Ϲι±ڣջ֮£ӡһ
ϣȻһ˿ûз֣֮ϢҲˣȻ֪ǰվŵĳϣʮ껪û˵ˣҳҲûоʹ÷硣
ֹӣȻͬʱ𣬳ǣ㶯ˣҲˣڰתֻٶȺɣڰתǾ˵ûдƽ⣬ɳ벻ףΪλ֮С
Ȼȴǣڴķܣ̽ӿϵ֮࣬ԭΪǰ̵ˣû뵽ֻǿ̲ˣڲ֪ͣҪʱ䡣
ڰת죬ŷ֮󣬺ڰָǰתٶȣҲһ˲䣬ҶƬϵһ¶飬̶ߵΣεԽԽˡ
꣬¶籩к
ԪҺϢԴȪһðƷԪҺӿʼѪ֮䣬ϵ磬ɫζҲ֡
Ϊʹʧǵȵˮһδ֣ŻȴԼָˡ
ѹϲ뵽ڰܴʹԪҺ֮᲻ʲôϵǰڰһֱԪҺϷ
Ҫǣ׷ʲôݽߣҼǵã˵ԼҪǿ˼ţԱߡ顱һϻͷһȴȻڵϣһѪɫҲޣԭԪҺ籩֮ʱһɾ޴Ȼڷܸһ
Ϸæ𣬴Ӱ֮תɽȻڡ
ӺȻ˵㾿ʲô
Ҳ֪ܶ˶˵
ǰҲ˵㣬Ҳ֪ʲôȻЦ˵ЦͻסǹɲڣǹоڼԶ룬ķܣƷ׺˲١
Ȼţֻӳһ磬¡ը𣬸ѿžڶȻȣʲôҵķһ
һ
㲻֪
ҡͷ˼ӵôˣ֪ܹ޸ӣ޸֪Ʒ׵Ĺܡ
ƷףֻƷףãйء
ȻپᣬЦҵĸǣڿʮؿޣջ񻹵Щһ𡣡ţ˵ǰĽɻһ飬ϣת֮䣬Ƿһ飬飬ҵԸǷһ㡣
˶ָһ֮һʱҲ⣬ĬȻãȻʵʲô룿
ҪһУ
Ȼһ㶣뵽Сܣʱʵأ
ҵСܣԶҸ
ˡ
ȻһЦͻȻʲô˵ǸСܽн⡭
û¶ġ
ʲôˣֵأȻѿʳ



1217 ֻһȭ
գٴ̤ƴɱȭ
·Ȼ˻̸ͬûһΣ·飬ûзһ
ȻʳǸ󣬾ݺݵԼв֪ǡָ˭˼Ǹ˵ʱȻ˻⣬˵ǡԲ˵󣬳Ͽڵҹ˰죬Ȼ״˲׹ϽһڣĶӡ
ϲ֪Ȼ˵ģֻѣιȥ
ƴɱϣ˵˭ĹأһΣһɣ

£Ǹʩչ衱İʥصѾһ꣬һ켯һԹټһ꣬Ǻü꣡
ʥҲȥķһϵ֮ʱȥˣǣһгּƶԱãԳȴǺôԣҲϣҲϣʥȵһϡ
㰡
ЦˣʥûлŹûȥʥ׼ӣһȣ죡
£ȴûнڿգɻֻʥϻвʮ֮ʱؼԪȻ֡
ȴоԪĲ֮У̲ǲ
ǽ죿
ϱۣһɨȥҴһɨûзһ쳣һɨͬʥĹϾ͵ʥпϲټһ꣬Ǽˣ
ˣûлңҲûмų֣ɨȥͻأɨʥҼʱ֣ϲٳɣߡ̤ƵġȭֱʥҼ硣
ˣˣ
ʥУš
𣿡
£ʥʳָָڳţϵһɲǣԪĲﵽ۷壬ۿϾҪ˵ʥһͣ¶˼ı飬ͷȥϵȭͷҼλϡ
⡭
ʥһ֣ŵĽķѿ߹ؼ䣬߻ͬʱؼԪӾңڵĿˮˣݲ
һ˲䣬ʥѪˣҵأֱȻʥάֵķԵ
ô춼ûôǿһҹ֮䣬˾ͳɳһȭһǰʥʣҲ˵ʣϡ
˼ţôǿڶֶһ˿ֻЩʣͨ͸ȴָоС۾һת뵽Īйأ
ʵ֮УȻҪȥȻȻпţȻôһ˿һ˿̫ǿǶתƺµһ˿
һ˭
ϲȥ룬Ҫȭһڸ߽ʥͿ˳óһƬɭ֣Ƭɭֻ֣һɭֶȻֲ
ĽȻǱҵ㣬һȭơ
ĸ߽ʥ㶼һڴԲʥ״ƽҲһ֮佫߽ʥĹƵ̵ǹǱȸ߽ʥ̸ǿĹ򣬶λˣһ˫ȭû˿Ĺ
ȴԲʥɶԡ֮£һ似á仰ĻɣͬʱҲ֪ƴɱͿֵվȥˣҲϣվȥϣǸ涨ִȥǾ뿪
ȻʧˣϲûԲʥƴɱһ߽ʥս֮Ϊϸоٶ̫ˣƴɱûеҵڴ˼ҵĹǵض
ԣϴѰٶȡ
һһʱȥܫɽйһ£ȴ˸о죡
һ֮УСȻź֮ЩʱѼϻԪҺСʱ򻹴СڳȥһɽһͬʱֶһռҩƳҩС̷
һѰٶȣΪӣ˵쿪ʼԲʥƴɱˡ
꣬ԺﴫСںö
϶ʱѣ콫ûа֮֮Ƕ٣ѾˣанʥͣҲ¶϶ǽⲻͣһˣҲָӲǰнʥ
׳˺£
СѰһɽ֮ʱһнʥѪײײشˣǵ֮ˡ
٣


1218 αһ
٣
Ϥޱȵ۶켴ʵ֪˭𣿡
һ£ȫķԡ
ܹסнʥ̽飬ⷨ治һķһ䣬ʵмˣжŮ٣
оŸˣֻо˵αȽС
ŮΪأ
ϢǿģĸһŮģʣµĶҲࡣ
ʲôطģ
ڣ
Ͽһнʥڶ˵Լɱģǹģˣûȥнʥһ㶣ţô֪û
ܿнʥµĪԺеǵӡйأнʥµòǿƣиӦ
нʥв²⣬Ͻ˵֮ͬһˣôһƷȥ
ʲôƷ
нʥһ··ϻһɫӡǣ
Ͽɫӡǵһɲǣ۾ʱ֮ɫΪǺɫӡǵģС״ϴָеĺɫƣһģһ
ֻɫӡǲûнϵͼӡ
ɫƣϲ֪ʲô֣ü˵ʲôԿףʲôϵʲô󱦲أʲôռ֮ͨ࣬ȴûһ׼š
ң½ͼڴ½½
ϴޣҲϴ޻᲻ҲкɫơһֱδҲδΪϴ޿ûʱͻҪԼô໻
ô֪д
кɫƣϴ޿˭֪ţнʥ˵תˣһУȥȡǵֻޣ
£ĸ֮󣬲͸ǽ𣿶ĽȣУǣ᲻ʲôı˲뵽⣬кɫƣĸ߶ȣǷ֪ɫƴʲô
˵ţȻ顣
ʮϢʱ䲻Ȼߣָǿɫ˵ƣʶ
Ȼüҡҡͷ
Ҳҡҡͷ
Ƕ֪뷨գԭΪȻ˵谮ٶ֪һ㣬ȴ֪飬Ȼ֪ܴ㣬һǺɫǣ̫㣬̫Ȼȥߣһ㣬ҲпûнɫƷֵһ˵
бţﻹԭίһһ˵Ȼ󣬿ǺɫӡǣüɻҶ֪үүƣô֪ģҪʲôԼнвǲǻе㲻
ڰ
һ䣬ڼ磬ͼڴ½ǶڰԸ⵱ˣﶼаͳεĵطҲ⣡
֪һ˴󵨣
ܰͷϣʵҲ϶Сˡ˵ţնж˵½նĴڣ֪ǵĴ𣿡
ϣҪҪһȥһˣһүү⵽ô¶ˡȻ˵ţҡ֣˵ˣαһȥ
α죿
ȻͬʱȣнʥϽ˵ˣЩ˻˵ǧɻأܹǼٵĻǾҪЩһɱˡ
޷ƵģǼⲻ˵Ȼ֮⣬нʥΪϲںнʥ
нʥõ֮ȥǣ
ڣųڵźţ
ϵͷ˵ȥܣԲʥʱ֮ǳ⣬ʣеʥ׼׼פ嶴ǣԷ˵ɽ
ã򣡡
ȥˣɴɽ֮󣬾һֱܫţ˵ЩӣΪҲ٣ϲŽȥ֮ĸолᣬȻҪˡ
Ϣһ¡
϶нʥ˵ӭȻĿ⣬һȥ
ȻѾᵽүүȻҪȥ
á
ûɣ
Ȼû⡣һЦȻоϵЦݺЩ죬ȴڲ²⣬ôαһǿǼٵ
Ȼ֪ϵĴָУſ飡


1219 ʶң
ʱ֮󣬳ϺСڣȻԲʥܺСȥڣʣµʥȫ嶴ǳ֮ǰָ嶴ǵ󷨣ӹ˼˹ұùұΪʹȵİΣ
֮ˣɺڰ϶׼ģ׼ˣų֣ʥǵڣ϶ֶαǰֻǲ֪ûϵǻôȥ
˵ţɺڰҲ²ҶɣȴòܣʹȻȻȴⷽ£ܵý٣飬ЩӴ߲¡
嶴ǵڣʮͦԶɶԴԲʥǿ˵㲻ʲôڳȻ˵ǿССһˡ
ͬʱĳһܴΧʯһŮнһģΪ֮ˣͲò²䣬ˣ˵ǻ˺ü꣬ǧϹһŮޣһɫ£ȴڲסģ֮ǰ
һͷҵ˵˵Сӻ᲻ȥ񣿡
ᣡһŹͷçܼᶨ˵ԱһĿˣҡȽ͵ŮΪƵ۹һػߵȻõϢȻȥʸסǰûҵ˺õĻᣬһο
ֻ߸нʥһ붼㲻ϣ
ʲôŸտʼôֶΣһһʱҪж٣СӺ£Ǿ֡
ôһ֮⣬֪˭лУ
ɣ˵׼ƿʱǱߣӦûջɡ

̸۵ʱһѾڣڵźŷųȻڿգը죬ҹա
ʯϣ˽Ծ㶣Ϣ֮ͷҵ˲˵źûɡҷӽĿתһȦͷлصӦòڣ
ѵǸСˣ
ô죿
˵ţĸѾ˳ȥֻǸŮˣȴŲں档
˱棬ͷһӲҡʧǣ繫СӣܣԲʥݾӴ󣡡
ôûȥ񣿡
˭֪أ
ô죿ҪҪǣ
ϵѸٵǵĴ󲿷ֲãЩһһҲòϣһ˼ٿ˵ǰƻ繫ץסУǸСҲŹ
棬ϵעһ֮£εľ飬ŹֶڵصףȻȴ̧ͷ˸ȺǵĲ񷡣
ͻأ֮һƬһڿУ̧ͷǹһλǱĲã
λҲ̫ļ˰ɣô죡
Ц٣ҲôУ
٣ҷӾ㵣ȷٵģ
Ȼȷ
ƾʲô治֪
ƾ
Цţ˿䣬ȭͷһΪҪȭͷҪЦʱȴϵȭͷɢˣһɫƣ
ʱҷӵĿˣڴˣҪ˵Ļȫ˻ȥ
һ˲䣬뿴ӣƣģǼٵģ
۾۹ںɫϣκ˵ģ
֣ƷѾеһл²ţСƣǲ񴫸繫繫ٸСӵģźһֲ²⡣
֮˻Ȼ򣬡ֲô죬ԭơ
˵ǵˣɣ£ŶڣȻһۣԾϣȳһվȵ˻δ˵ʱϾ˵ֵǮĶʲôƷҩȵȣȫ
ҷǱһ仰ŪþĪˣһ̷ӺȵСӣûиʲô״㻹Ҫ٣
ϻеվߣŮվұߣվˡһ˵ţʥý˺ܷųϣѧϰţȻΪЦˣȴ֪ٵģЩĵ֮ǿ
ܸܺȤǰһҽһ𣬺үүģ⽻Ȼүүͳǵ⣬ǵѪܵԱߣһС
ӿһĻЦˣҷӵ˸ǿЦʱŮ̧ͷųϣ϶㵣㣡
סŮӣʵʶң


1220 ٲƽ
㣡
Ůһȣ˽ͷԣһĶ˫Ŀֱ㶶סŮ
ʵʶң
ͬһ˲䣬Ҳʵʶ
Ůûоʹشת˵ӣ˳ٲ룡˵ţŮԱȥһҪƲøɸɾԭ
Ů״̬һɵۣͫȴҲ⣬ظоͻȷѪСӣ϶򵥡
ǣСӾʲôϸ֪ȴ٣ٿһŨŨĸ߽Ϣ糱ˮӿĴĿϡ
ʵŮʲô˼
˳
Ůԥظɴ˵
˭
Ůһ۳ϣԺиһ棬ȷʵҴ

ѿھ˵һ֣Ӿѹ˺۶תʵҲǴģ
Ůҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
һ˶Ժˣʲô˼
Ůȴ˵ȥ۾ҷӺȵŮߣ
ѵǻңŮ䣬Ҳ˵ǳĴţ׽׳
ӻ£ſھͶ߽ʥŮһߣȻ壬ǰȥʱ򣬿˺һϷĳϿ˵ιιιҵˣ
ûеյغ˭ɺŮȴͣס˽Ųתųϣ۾һ˿η壬Ȼץס˿η壬жԳϵӺţŮȻûΪ߽ʥӣ˵ŴԲʥʵʵȻηϣ棬й°
С۾Ի֮ɫ
ͬģҲɨ˿η壬иɻ󣬡ʶôܻңңϴޣ˭ʶң
ͻأԺĳ˵Ǹ֣Ҫ˼ȥ֮ʱŮ˵֪Ǹ£Ҿһ̲ˮŮ˵Ǹȥԣ
壬ȴ죬ȴЦץҵˣҵĶһǸˣ
ŮûзŭԴǸ˵ҪΣ
ûҸղ˵Ļ
ղţŮһü٣
Ǵ٣
Ů˼Ƭ̣ȡһ͸ϻӵ˿͸ϻݣĿﲻԼͬȾ̰Ů˵һ̸֥Ӷ٣Ӹôݣᣬ֪£Σ
Ͽӵ۾̰֪ݲϺεϵЦݣ̸֥һݣרΪ׼һ
ô룬ںŮųϵЦݣһʱȴҡҡͷ˵ҲֵģٵģþʹһƲݣṻ𣿡
㡭
ŮҪŭһֺȴŭѹȥóһӣ飬ܼǿ˵
飬Ϊģƴȫˣ㣬ǿɲһ̸֥һŵ飬Ǻܶܶ࡭
⣬ҡҡͷŮ£ҪβܷŹң
٣ҪٲƣҪˣֻҪҵˣȻͷŹˡ
ڱң
ֻڴٶѡ
Ҫ֣ǳ㲻һܻ뿪Ů˵仰ģȳϻش𣬱˵ֻҪ֣õĶ϶ܵõܳûȥһвֶΪأ
ʱСһ֪˭ˣǡﻹδ˵꣬ŮĿһɣСʱһֶ²
СȻûм˵ȥɳѾһЩЦŶԺŮ˵㲻Ըҵģ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㲻ң
˵ţǿ汦壬Ůͫһȵ
ŮҪȴǽЦݣ֪׽Ūһɣȴŭ˵Ǽٱǿɾ˵һˡ
ӿе壬ٿŮķӦﻹͬ죬˵ͺɫƽҷˣƽ뿪ǳ
죡һȡ
һ㡭
ʲôûֵأһߴȥ
һغ꣬ϿźŮѡ񣿡


1221 ʮĿ
ѡ񣿡
ŮȻɾų˵Ҫһ٣ɵҪó㹻ʵǳУҲض
Ҳ˵ѡ񷴿ˣ
Ƶģ
Ů˻ȥûа־ɥתͷһ˵ҲҪˣ
Сӣ㣡
ҷЦ˵ͷкȵ֣
ͬʱһϣ֮Уһʧſڵ߽ʥҲʧҲʧˡ
ϡȻǾںҹ֮УͷһƬǿգһɨȥȺ˸ǣȺ֮УжʮĿǳȺ֮Уۣڲͬ
бǣǳûһ¡
ǳǳ
ȻţȴйϤĸоʮĿǳųʮǳâǳڿн棬ٸӵһΧ䣬˿Źߣ޴롣
ʱͶüǾҪǳˣʱеǵģǵģеһУǵġ
仰νԣľҵģʵҪ˵ģҲ仰ҵĻҪһ㣬ǵˣҵġ
֪ߵغ񣬺úܰɣһȥ
£ǱоڵڿٵѪҺҲԲʥϳֻ֮̿ɫꪣһǳնȥ

İʵȻһκηֵɽһɽ壬ᱻ룬ȻȴȥѪһڣȵܹܣ

λԲʥԾ켴׷֣̽ȻҶϣʥԾܣٷ֮ٱһĶûС
֪ǲΪǳߣʧٶȼӿ첻٣ȻȺǣü֣𡭡
磬޿ײ룡
ǣǹϣβȥ
ʱް취ȫĿⶢڳϣǿģǳЦݣЦݣĪģ˵Ĳɰ
˵ȥһȥǧֶΣֻҪһޣҲֻˣ
㻹ʶȤʶȤóˡ
ǿƺǳߴһ㣬ҡҡͷе󷨣ѵһ̣Ǿ̫ϧˡ
֪󣿡Щȡ
֪ģ࣡
˵ţûȴϥ޴ųСڣ˵СڣΪ׼һ̴ͣ
˵꣬˫ߵĹץȥµСڣҲСצӷڹϣǿдһף˵֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ĳҡţץסߡ
ǳ棬Ѿתʱ޾ϺСڵӿȥǶʮĿڲͬǳ͵һҡ
ž
еͻغ£˵ǳȻܳܵǳܣ⻰ҷһ㶣ߵ˹Ȼһֻϧһ̣ܿסǳҲûãǳڲǳܽǳ̸ɾɣңֻǵĵһ
˸ŴЦ۾ſСڣоûô򵥣Ůü䣬ȴ˼Ĩأ
ʱǳͼڴ½ǳʶһģֻ΢ǿһ㣬ͼڴ½ǳܴӣҪȻ治һס
СڣȴûеģСڿǳ˱ܵĴڣ
ϴαƻɽһٳ嵽Բ֮ȴţһΣǻᣡСڿţͷϵȺǣգգøˣʮĿǳҲԽĴۡ
ͬʱлĻɣǳָƤϵͬǳǽǳ֮
ԺгֳƤͼǶʮĿǳһȽϣǿҲȴγĳ󷨵ǳӦ֤š
ȻܣˣҲϥڿգûǳܣƴȫѹϢ
ˣһʱ˶ͷϳֶ飬ȴǺ棬ԡǳ֮Уϻɢĳֹԡ
ͻأϵϢ΢仯Ӿ㵣ͻƣԲϢûΪǰֻһ߽𣿡
ʥһ뷨ֱ죬ȵڶ
ǿ𣺡ն


1222 ĥʹ
նǿǧǳƶųϵ˵£ֱҪǷֳ飬ٶȼȡʩչ򣬽ס̤ʥ磬ͼδùġҲʩչ˳
һʱ䣬νǾо
ǿгΡΡɽٲľ޾𺣣֮
ȻһƴƬӸ飬뻹Ȼȴ˵סԼ鿴˿Ľ㣬ٿ˿һֱŵĽƬжʱһȦڹ⽫黤סȻԼĵƣСܣԼȴʩչػ
ڳϣҲǼһһڰתǳն˲֮У֪ǱˣǱˡ
Ӷųϣ۾гһߣҲκβ
ҪҪе
ãȽЩԲʥԸˣˣٽȻСܸ£
Ϊʲô
ҷЦ飬нʥû˱ǳлȥҵõϢȻΪСܣҪԣ飬Ǹ׵ؽȻסȻǸ콫ľ
ˣ಻ԣǳУڵڿ𣬶ִУǸôֵܹ࣬סǳߣҲֵˡ
ȻǳǰƶܹһǣȴܿڹǰǧͬʱɽСնϣľή㡭
үүٲүү㣡ܱƼˣǳ߿
ڹΧŵ飬ǳҲǸ͸ȥӼ״һ㶼ģǾϲñǳ֮ΪһҪõ֣
Ȼ裬ǴǳߣͬʱԺ︡һͷҪǳʹתƣӦǶʮĿλɣ

ҲҽгʥѾһ𣬺֣ȴԾǵסǳ֮ĽŲӵ˿һĻȫΪʥܣ֮ء
ͷ䣬ȴԵͻڱǧܺһ˸Χ棬һΧϣ˱㷢֣ڵټ٣ǳܣȫ֮⡣
ԲʥڶԳǼΪǵסǳܣȴи߽ΪĳϸˣǿϣɫɣֳѪɫԲͻƵļԽԽԣٴ̾Ȼĥ뷢İأٻΪá
һ˼״ɵס켴ߣһȻϵ·ȥɣΪ֣ǳΪ̣ĥ
һʮǳתеȺƺҲתĥϵʱоһɾ޴ĲɿܵܣҪŤתѹ֮ɫȵȣҪĥӸĥҲʷ
˰壬ڵҲ٣СڵûӰ죬Ϊһ˵ֵеĹһ֮࿹ǳ󳽵ĥ
ߣҵҪֶܼʱ䣡˵ţ俴˺Ůһۣ뿴Ůʲô飬ģ׹⣬ͲóȥĹâˣİ
Ӳ֪Ůţ㻹ֳܱʵ
ϳܵĸɣԽԽأƤѪǸǳĥģȻǰ˵Ҫʲô
Ȳæʹ࣡
ʹࣿ
ȻţǲˣԼҲǿ̣Ҳʹ࣬ûʹĸоһοϣз
ͬʱҲһ䣬ŭʹ࣬Ҿһ㣬ĥ٣һ£ʮĿǳתٶȣ͵ؼӿʮѪһڣȻ˲ᡣ
ˣǼᶨȴδһ˿˸ͼڴ½ͶҪǳܴӣܴ
ȻҲֻǴʹͬʱȴڹ۲ǳ󣬽ʮĿǳġۿԺжʮĿǳȺǡ
ۿʮĿǳҲϴʹ࣬ۿƤӦǳʱһʹоֻǣʹûóϴﵽɳܵĵز
˸оóϲòٴλɣǳƤйϵͬһԴĻʮĿǳǴһλܲһ𣿡
Ѱ


1223 ĸӣһ
٣٣٣
ӿųܼ֣һһεáĥ٣ʮĿǳתѾ쵽˿ǶʮĿǣ·ֻһǳת
ȫڽѪĥʵ̫ǿġڰ㡱תҲԽԽֹ֪ͣת˲䣬ͻĥܾͻήϡ
ڰ棬ʵǳҵԤϣֻϧҵʵ̫ˣӲڰĴܣȻֵܵסǳˣ
ţ֪ټȥȻĻ˼ͷһѪ˶ûע⵽ǳϿµѪϽѪڽСڵڡ
ټһѾͿֲסˣ
ٴҷ˵ӣٶѾôˣҪ٣
ӣ
ǣټ٣ͿҪǳĸɣʱ
ǳܼ֣ѾѪ϶ᵹڳǳĸ֮ǰƶ˵һԹͷ˵٣
ðɣϣһμ٣ֱӽǹĥɻһң
ĥּ٣ʮĿǳһγƾֹȻ÷ǶʮĿǳǾֹת˶֮£
꣡
ӳڴ˾ţȻȥ˵ϣ㳷Ҫһʩչתܽǻɫڶס϶Ҳֵܵסǳܡ
ȻǼˣⶼٱܻ䣬ûдȤֻԺۿĻ棬پʮȵĴת˷ȸλۿ档
ҷںȵȥ
Щ
ʱ۾͵һһָǰĳ˵Ȼҩһӣ
ȻһͣһʶûУӰֱ˵ȥҷ˵ȻҪʲôٴ۾ûлشȴڲ²ţ˶ѵ㣿ǳҶ֪һ򲽣֪Σǳ࿹ɣ
ǧʱȻѾҩʹʮɵ˳˵һһҩȥһһ״СĿӣ֮С
һ״СĿӣǿ˵ȫԺԲƣ
Ȼӳֵɲǣǳ֮⣬ǸӣǸӸ
֣б
ǶʮĿǳбˣбҲ࣬һ˵һǳƫԭתǣҲԣǳȴˣ
һ˾ޱˣȻڳ˿ռѿӣʲôΪղָģǳ㣿οģ
ȻûСۿǳƤϵɸƤµĹ򣬻еѰҾͼǳͼλõľ飬ҳǳ㡣
֮ʱָ˵ҲϿӣ
ȻӰƣҩң֣ǳĸӶкȥʮĿǳУĿƫԭĹĿǳƫ룬תʮĿǵתңĥ֮ȻҲӲ
ͬʱ֮ǰʧǳٴֳϿ÷ǳĽǣȥλղƫĿǣǡңӦ
ǳֳҲɢȥûȥһˣ̧ͷ죬ǶʮǳҫڿգԼӦǳĳһ
ǣʮĿǳȺǣȴʧһһŰʧǺ޹أʧһţǱʧš
ǣǳʧǳ֡
϶ý
ӿųǣȴûг嶯غǶ֮֮࣬ǰֿĥ֮ǳȻĸӣǳ󣬶Ǵ˾𾪣вΣ֮Уָо׳֣
дûᣡ
ǳ֣·ʲô
ţͻأͷһƬΧʮ˿ǳʧǳգ۶Ͽһպò಻ٵʮſǳ͵վ𾪲ףѿڶƤ󣡡
Ͻ⸱ղŵĶʮĿǳϵתţһǺһһһŵԵʮſŵʱ򣬡ˡһƤʮſǳʮĿǳһƬһ壬νһ
Ҳں֮ʱѪΪˣ
ţϷ֣ò׻ָ׵ֻʣһˣ
ڳѪ˲䣬һӣȵ֣


1224 ǳΪ
֣
Ӳ֪Ϸʲô£ųѪú˵Ļ棬ֻΪһ³ϵĴʱǣӺԥȳ
էӵӰѾǰ棬Ҳ֪ںʱչҷ˶Ҳں󣬺ŮҲ䣬ɢſֲܣ
˻δϮϣ
ܺʵδָС֮Уǲ岻֣ۿҪΣվʱȻӰסǰ档
Ȼ֮Ϊ֮УʹҩĸӣڴǳܣһƬռ䣬ҲǼɫɷףưδһȣ
£򹥻סһˣڱ֮УȻʩչơαǣ䡣
ϮӵǰʱȻȵƣ
䣬ը壬˵ȥӿѪȻֽǴУʯ֮ʩǴУ٣ȴʩչһ赲ǰȵߣ
ӿȻ״̬˼һתЦ뻣ңԴʱ䣿̣ˣˣҲͣع
ӵĻǳ͵ӿˣʮʥ֮֮ˣ𾳽ߣȫҪȻȥ
źڹ⣬˳ǰ棬Ҳƴɱܴ̤ŭ𣺡ǣҪүү⣡
Сûв룬ѪҲڣҿӣƺǳһ
Ŀ⼱ɨϣֿ̧ͷ죬ɵһվ͵ȫǸڹ֮ˣɱߣһͬʱ˸չͷ֮ˣ

ɻȴԺɣչϡ
ϵһƬңֻʣһףΧԺѾ١ۿǳƤںһǳ棬ԶԶļޣٿȥͲѪอѪΣˡ
˿̣ǿмÿһ˲ֵǳͼƤϵʮſǳ֣óоǿУŴ
ʱٵϮӵȻ䣬Ůǳ޵ӣƺҲ䡣
Ϯʣһʩչֻǣ⡰ʮá顣
ǿֲǿܶûƻٵİ;˹УϿšʩչһ磬纬ϯȥǽӴ׷ļ²ѣҲôͬʱķѹ
Ϸ֣һʩչ硱оǰں϶ȸߣǣûȥעǷڼյǳ仯ϣȻ֪ûá
˹ԽԽ࣬תٶԽԽ죬Ҳսǿ
أӷ˲Ծô˵ô˿ӦҲޣǸоԽԽ۾â֣˵СǳСǳԸȻɱеģŮȥץס飡
һΣû飬жʮĿǳ˲ʮſţֻʣ°˿ţ˿ǳߣ߻ȦȻȻ¾ҩȥ
Сǳһǳ͵ȫʧعںҹһ̾Ϣǳ仯֮䣬ܻǧϧܿȫò
ջעϿ˼ɢϢϢôһЩȻҵ߽ʥ㣬ܹһȭƣɻһȭԲʥĹơ
ңоɱ󣻵ǣҲû˿ңЦŶ˵ǳСһã
Ī֮ʱĳһӣ䶨
һǳ

Ӿȳôһǳ
һţﹻ
ʣ߸һӳȥʱ߿ǳ֣
ӣӵ˵ľȣôݣȻǳȦȻʧȻһ۳ϣСǱߣºŮ
ʥһ˵𾪣٣ţԭӣа˸ܹǳҺãҺûȥƴƣҪȻĽ־ǣˣûƣ
ȡͷһ۾ǳ
ţ汦壬ϲûӳȥǶźŮһЦŮɫ԰ףȻϮŮѪȥ
һףǳ֡
ʮǳӵİ˿ǳһǳٳһΣǳܵϮ󣬾ӵˡ
СǳΪã


1225 
Сǳ󣬱ˡ
Ӱ˿ǵʮǣܸǿˣӵȴЦǿ಻ԣǳܾεǿһΣ鵽ˡ
УǸѧģаɣ
Ц˵һǫӣҷȴǲҽгһأڵţңģڵëƤѪ⡢ȵȣǳ𣬱ǵĵһȥʮײаٱ
ֱѪųϣӿ𾪣ɽʲôˮˣǳСǳ󣬲һҪľǾͨ󷨾ܹѲղ̧ͷ죬ĥ󲻳ɣЩӡͷʲô壬Ůǰɵǲǡ
ӵԺһꡱ죬Ӵ𾪻ɽ֮и˳Ѫڣųϣ۾︡Ѫ˿ÿһޱȵɣҧŽѪݺȵǳ󡭡
ڳǰɪɪҷӼӣɣǳܲˣǳҪǻˣôϽ
ϣ
ţѾŭȵѵڵܹܵˣҶܲˣˣõȥϽǱҪϢȥ˼ƻ֪𣿡
󣡡
ҷгĬͷм˵ǳ
͵㿪أ
Ц˿ģ£ʱȥʮſǳһθֳӱǳ󣬽СǳϵƿأٷǳʩչĵĻ
Ȼһʧˣʮſǳ֣ûнǰ˿ǳʮſǳҲ˽ȥǳܸӼط˲ͬһʱ䣬ӵ˫ɻңҷҲǱˣϽŲбۡ
ǰĳϣȻһˣȴǺˣ
Ӽ״вɿ̳ˡ֣ҵ״һˣƻſʼô⵽˻ԵĴǿơ
ʱǳѣ٣ǳҹ֮УȻȴ֪ԭ򣬺ͼڴ½һǳܲǳܣĻˡ
ǳĻ⣬ͻ뵽ʲô󺰵Ͽǣ

ҪȻҽˣȫɱ
ٵģֲ˵ģҪɱɱɣɱ֮ɱǣΪǱ𣡡
һںӣӵɫ쳣ȻûлɣΪԼҲãΪ˼нʥǰĴþ棬ǼֱǱȰ׳նҪ׳գϧѣҪô죬ȰѽһץסҪõöˣںҲ¿Ϊ
˲䣬ǶʮĿǳŵľֻоſţʣµȫҹſǳ˵оżͷһĴڣż㹻ˣѾܹҽƤʮ˲ˣʮ˲
ҪʲôҶ㣡
ðȽֵǮģȫֲֻЩнʥ˵ţ̤ӣǱҪµҷӼ̤ˣȴ˲ˣֻųϽĴָժȥ
ϿѾЩĴָЦʵ棬᲻˱⻰ٿųϵЦݣҷӾóһħһ˲¹ͷĶħ
ȡ˵Ĵָ֮󣬳ŮǰŮܵˣöˣ˵ڣҵʵ𣿡

أ
Ůϵǳ֮ϣͻųЦݣ˵٣
һ䣬һȻԼǰվһޱϤӰϲ˵ζ
Ȼ۾ҹâתۼ׷ʲô£ȴ֪ΪʲôȻû֣ס˳ϣޣζ𣿡
ңȻңҺ㣬֪𣿡
Ҳ㣬ʱʱ̣̿ÿһ˲䣬㡣
Ȼ⣬в²õ֤ʵζǻһأȻŵʱ򣬳ϵĶǣҵ֣㱳ң㡭
ģǡζ˵˫ϸ֣ҪӣҪʱ˫ȴٲǰֺζɻ󣬳˵Ϊʲôѵ㲻𣿡
Ȼ룡
Ϊʲôסңң
һЦҸҪһξѪ㲻᲻Ұɣ˵仰ζӰʱɢǰ˫ֵģǺŮ
Ůŵ˵ˣ


1226 βƬ
ˣ
Ϊأ
Ůûлصùѿʵʲôʱ򷢾ģ
ζôģЦ˵ܿǣΣ˼䣡
ŮĻشУ˵Ҳ˵Ҹտʼʩչһɲǣˣ
Ϊأ
ЦŸղһĻŮһЦ֮䣬ͳξξбȻһϤĸоΡ
ξֳζӰʱȻ˶ʩչͬĹҲΣǾھܿʱǸǧ˵Ůˣǻʵֵͣסǧʩչ֮ԴΣļ䣬ֱԺĪһųûζ
ָоһ𣬺ŮΣȻʧɣ
ɳúÿ죬ùȻԩŮͻ˵һ䣬ɫδ䣬ֻ˵ζܿΪҵۣĵӺô󣬾һδۣá
ۣ
Ůһɫ䣬ȳ˵꣬ͼ٣ҪʲôеģҶ㣡Ů˵ţǰ˵ľѪûģһֻɫβ͵ĺ꣬ڳǰŮһֻβ
һûβͿԣ㲻ҪһξѪҸ˵ţβƳһξѪڿУƮϡ
β֮żΪ³˵ġá֮һ֣Ļֽأңβų˵ǲţһ˿ʶʣǹܣУ˼ĺ䶯
ϿǵξѪЦ˵ϣһȻβĸ򵥣ʶʱԣܹ
仰βһ˵Ĳ״ҸղľȴáβͬܣȻҪοסó˿ı̸֥ǿĵ飬ǿɶβϡ
ΧһˣȵؿǰһĻرԲʥǵγϣȴûŸ߽ΪĳϷڣǿʵԿȴԲʥпǿκһ˵βųϣǱˡ
Ȼȴظоβ˾³ϣ˽¶⣬Եɣţﲻ֣ζܿ
֮䣬ѾѪβԾؿųϣû뵽һξѪĺһıˡ
ҪѯβһЩ⣬ǳңĳһҽæͷȻ˵ȻûֶΣԱã
İɣ
Ȼ˵ͬʱһǵ֮ڣǵĵʱǾõԼһϼ״ȥߡʩչֱҽĵط
Ϣ֮䣬ϵһۿȥҽģȻнʥнʥѪۣ˺ۣȻܹ˵ŰԻָ֮ȥǰϡ
ڿҪǳпȡſǳĲϣȡľſϣƬ򣬿֪ĿʲôѺ۵Ƭ
ƬʲôƬȻ˱̬ܹסֲǳܡţǰȻСܵģҲһƬõĹͷƬǺǹĹͷеһƴ
ȡſƬĹУϻһջ񣬱ҵһ䱻ǳܱƻңΪɹ۵֮黨ݣӹ
ǵȫѹ򡣡
ʵģϽеĶһζգȻϣ֮ȫСڣʱǳȫƻˣתۼ䣬߽Ƕʣ
ҹУҲûǳӰӣֻʮǳϽջأʱǿȥҹرڰռݡ
Ͻͷ۾ǾſƬһŽͬһָŽȥϱ㲻ᣬɸҪ˳ʱȴĿɿڴˡ
ָſƬƬȻԶظͷ֮ϣһͷ
⡭
Ҳκ˵ֵ󣬡ĪͷƬźеϵͬһţޱȵУͻػһǳ
ǳˣֱ׹أ
βǳķ򣬺ؾе


1227 ǲʯ䱾
Ƭڹͷ֮ϣͷػھ֮䣬ȴɫȳ̧֣ͷǿǳ
ǳ䣬ֻһ˲֮䣡
תۼ䣬һƬ޾ڰ֮Уڳ˵ģ˵ˣȻҲƽϴмصǳ䣬ÿһζɱ¾Ѫɺʬ
ֻǳֵ̫ˣȻ䣬Գ֣ǳ
д˵ǳ棬һֱ˽ǲʯʣ棬˵֮һ̶ϵֵסռ֮
ֵܹռ֮ܽĶ
ĳֽǶ˵ǲʯֱΪ׼ġ
ȻֻǴ˵ȴкܶŲѣȻÿһǳ涼̺СǲʯУһҲ̫
ϡΪΪǲʯΪϡ٣ŵÿһεƴɱΪң
ңǳɲֻСǲʯΪĴڣʲô֮࣬˵ǳȫһǷʣǱ˱֮⣬Ǳ
Ҫ˵ڳû𾪵ģ¾ֻ۾βϵܣ˫۷Źضβò¶֪ڴβ⣬һ統Ŀ⡣
֮⣬һֻСûǳСڿǰǺڵ֮ʱٱ
ȻǳķţݼأѾǧûǳˣӽϴ޽ӿӿκˣǳúԤףͻأޱȣ᲻ղǳйأ
ɻУȻĿβɨȻ뵽ʲôղȵ
뵽Ȼͻһѵ˵ǳĻһǳ½ʷңѪ࣬ġ
²⵽ЩȻ֪и룬ֻһ̾Ϣǳʲôطãƫƫǿ̾ţȻβʶϣĪǳҲǴģ
Ȼ뽫ź֣νر𣬽ǲ֪дȻ֪˽һųǾүү
ǰȻСǿƬҲүүдģǣүүǿߣϣȻŸ𾪱֣ǻŲԽľ룡
Ŷܣзʲôβ˾£ϲ˵ȻԳϵŨŨȤﻹһ䣬Сܸ죬ҪΪСܵİȫȻҪ֪øһЩ
Ȼе뷨˿֪ϻڽǳĹ켣Ҳ𾪣𾪵ĲǡǲʯΪʱĳϣ֪ǲʯһ¶
𾪵ģǡ䡱֣䱾
䣿ҲˣˣǳأǲǳҲˣһһţ˼ͷɵ˲֮ϣǳ䣬أ̫أСһƬ죬᲻Ҳ֮ʱ
һʣϴ˸𾪵ľأ
ǳ䣿Ϊʲô䣿ܲԵ޹ʾ˰ɣʲôǳ䣬ǳоһս⣬Ȼ
ڰܲҲǳ֮סʱ򣬳ϵڵġڰ㡱ת͵ؼ٣⡣
վţȻһȻҲվţغһԣ˿ǳ䣬ϾȻ˾ϲ֮⣬ӵţǳ䣬Ǿʱֻǿϧ֣֮߳ϴޣңϣ
ӻͷ۳ϣӿˣҪҵļƻʧܣǳ󣬺ǰ̸ǳ󲢲ǳҲΪԳ֣Ƴǳϻ˵֮£ӳǳȴû뵽
Ũӿȫţϣϣ϶Ҳǳһ󷨣Ҫϵõ˵ܹŪһܹҲסǳĻϴ۷֮գʱԶӣǣܽϢȥأ
ʱϽľѹĵףջĿ⣬оϴĺ⣬˵˵һ˵֮Ĺ£Ȼᵽʲôġ
ССҲǰҪƾƾʵôܽҸץǰ˵ʸûУԣֺĶ񣡡
Ӽųϣĳֿϲ


1228 ûжƷ
Ǵ̶ޱȵĻһѹûУıҲЦŶ˵ʵҹǲʵһֻ֣֪ڣˣҵϣ
ɫһѿһʧ䣬ȴֲĵأΪغСС𣬻ϷǰţҷſϷϷһս𣿡
вҿûϵЦ
ӸΪ˵㲻ңϷ϶㲻ң
ҡҡͷ˵һ˼ûУļ⣬˵ĿģҲƴɱõһᡭ
һƬ纮мƣΰ죿δϢھɥֵʱ򣬳˵ҳ֣ſ㣬һսҲǲܣʲôӮ˵ĻҾͷߣҪ˵Ļ͸ΪʲôҪ°ҵˣʲôƻ˭
ȳϼ˵ȥӸϽ˵ãҸģӮˣ뿪
ǰӮ
͵ͷһնģҪץסᣬųϣóϽ⿪϶Ȼ˵ſ
Ȼ֪ʲôĿģһӣʱоָɣܹƶһϲӿͷӲٳϣҲûҪϾһս˼
ӵתҪж֮ʱһֻȭͷͳӵӴ󾪣ûϵٶô죬ӸϽ൲ϵȭͷϡ
ûмȭֻˡȭΪˣӣﻹдԲʥʵȻûбҪȭ
ֻǡȭҲԲǵֱɢˣҲҵ÷һߣͷ֪˶١
ҳȭͷһʣȭܣҲ˲٣ȻҲʵԭ򣬵ԭ򣬲Ҫģ
ţ̧ͷȻӦúܵȻķ繫һȴʲôû˵벻ͨ͸ûִȥߡһ̤ȭٻϡ
顭
һ˵ͬ籩ġȭӸȫɢ˼ܣ൨˳˵ˡ
ҡ
˵ļƻʲô˭
Ѫȴ²ƴȫŤűͿֲޱȵȥɣҲܸ㡭֪˭𣿹
ЦԴϣֵ˵ʱ򣬾֪˭ˣ
ҺûжƷˣ˵ţûиľȻ֮ɫתͷ˵սĵ˲
ᣬҺᣡ
ڳǰѾûгơүү֮ûУΪһϴĶˣټϿջܾûơүүǳˡϴ󡱣ȻֻԳϣˣȻһһүү
ܶ˵ԸĲˣүүһ취Ǿǳˣ˵ܿųϡ
ң
ЦＷ֣ԡ
֮ӾɵˣûԱǺúõģȻҪԱǰһ˲䣬ĵǱˡ
ϿܵĿ⣬ЦһЦֻӳһƻ磬ϣȫΧǵϷɳ
Ƭ֮󣬴㣬ĿŨһȲӣ
βܵĿ⣬һǰôĿʲôҪһ
ˡ
滹δȫʧֽܾȻһȴǡôץڴڵسԵڳˣë¶΢壬ҷˣ־ױȡ
Ͻ˱һɨ֮ͬܵҪȻ壬߽˵־ݳϵľ飬ˣǱϴԵˣƣǿ˵ǣʱĳϣ֪ϾһʲôĴڣϴĴڣ񣬶ҳơϡ֮ˣһˣ
ԣҪǿڣ㲻ǿڣҲҪĳּ϶źβʩչ֮õǵļ䡣
һӶûӾͱܳ˸ɸɾһûгԵˬӣ۰Ͱ͵ؿųϣЦˣͽ㿴أҪԸһ֮ļͿԳˡ
ǣϴ󡣡
ޱȣתͷҷˣҷ˻Ĳǣڿղһ֮Ƿˣ䣬ԭбµ顣
һѾȥ·;УβŮҲǿڣ𣿡


1229 ķС˯
ϵʻβûаã˵Ĵڣ
㿴𣿡
βҡҡͷ֮أĽûеõȥߣ
Ǻĺأ
һ֣ββ͵Ȼоµúܣ˵Ҳ֪һȫˡ
Ǻ׺Ŀɲβ֪Ҳתʵô֪߳еĴڣ߳Ŷԣ
Ҳ˴μƻ³֮һֵܹķβʵ˵üֵķҪʲôƷײУ벻У֪ԼǼ汦ܷ񵲵סֻǿϧڵңܽ汦ȻĻǿȥһԡ
Щ˼ʵβôǣ
ǸǵҵңʱźŰټջ̫ˣеֵķҾܹеԴиĻһ¥ԡ
϶βһۣβѾǴԲʥʵһ¥ǲǿԿѹֻᾭܲסջֻǻңҲᲫһˡղ˵еԴǱ̸֥͵ǲ
ʱβϵ񣬻һݣæ˵ˣ֪ƻԵǴˣǾԲӦġ
β˵ȴһЦЦβоĪ֮ʱϲ˵ҺӦˣҪ㲻Ӧֵȥǵ飬Ǳ̸֥أ
ˡβʶȤ˵ŵʱ򣬸ϽϻӸ˳ݸϣ˵֪ĵرʲôطֻҪȫԸ
Ͻӹϻӣи̾պҵǳܻٵֻʣһףҲ֪һ̸֥ܹӶ
һ䣬ǰ;ʵ֪ʲôƻΪʲôʵĴڣӦòٰɡ
ûиҾļƻֻǸҸ⼸ˣʱȻҵ¡β˵ţ͵Ƴϣûɫδ䣬ְ˵ǿеģҵ
ȻϡҲ˲룬ڴָѰ֮󣬴ӽҳһžɽݸβ˵ܶЩãú
βɻţӹžɽһʱ𾪣ϲɻôطȴϽ˵ллˣллˣһúģһôʧ
֮ǰβԳϣֻ£ֻо壻ڣȴ˸ж
ʵڵġ
Ͽβϲһ䣬ͬʱӿ϶ƫƧļ磬ô򵥵ģղһžɽǵնɱǧ˺ɻġ֮Դط
β֮󣬳ŷȻǵɫȽϳأɴʵôˣ
ǳˣʼˡ
ʲô˼
ǲʯȻǳɵĺ˵һ飬˵󣬳Ҳ˳Ĭ֮У棬ֻҪ㹻棬ΣգٽɣҲ˴ǿų̰ˡ
أ
һЦ飬ôٵأȻҪȥǲʯɷֵܹռ֮ǲؽƷ׵ĺò𣿲ҳϻ뿴ǳɲǳǳǳֻһʲô״̬
ǰǲȥ鷳鷳ѾˡȻ˵ţɨ۱ܿסҷˣ˵ҸоǵĿ겻ǣң˵ҵүү
˵ǵĿ˭ѾǵˣƫƫһǵļƻѾˣһ£ȻҪ۵ϱʾǸʱЦʵҺܸǵңҲǳӭңҵľ飬˶Ͳʹߣʲôʲôҩ֮࣬١
˵仰ʱ򣬳ò̽ӵǿŴָָһŲƵƤƤϵ󷨣ǶʮĿǳ󷨣
ϴ޵񣬿ɲֻǱλ棬ˮȻѵϵͷҵ·Զȥֱȡ
֪ȣ᲻ھУȻ³һָȻ˵ʱϵϢȥүү֪ˣˣϣ׼ʲôʱȥ
ûţȴҶȥòˣ˵ɡ˵ţԺСڵҺˣ˯һ
æ̽ȥ֮ѾտҲСѾ˯ϲЦľ飬һ˯СʵֻһӣСڱһһҪԵƴɱܿٳɳСڿ˯ˡ


1230 ¿
ǳʱ򣬲ǳһ𾪲ѣϴ޿ǳˣˣЩڱûпǳһɲǣۣ˵Ų˼ĻϴޣѪȿʼˡ
Ϣ贫Ѱǳںδ
û϶ãǳĵصͱ˳Ȼ
ӣ˳ĬˣĬûάֶʱ䣬һαˣ˺ţ
˭˵оͱɣǰһһ˴ܳأ
˵ȥΧתһתӦòжвɣ
˵ǳѾƻˣѾǰһˣ
ȥ
ȥ

ȥˣ֮⣬ܿͼˣϴ޵ĺ䶯෴ǣһνܫɽý֮ҪݣѰͼ֮⣬һŲܣϸܫɽ󷨣άܫɽ󣬾Ͷ֮С
ʮƽֲ˶ã綼ᱻ롣
һʱ䣬Ϸšȭʲô֮ĶᣬҡֱϾݶֹͣˣԭ뽫ǳĥ飬ȻȡǳܹСԲ֮Сڵĳ˯Ҳֹͣǳûôĥ͸֮⣬ǳĲϣҲǲ
Ȼϼʶǳ˶ʮĿǳĴ󣬵ǳҲ쵽ǳ󲻴⣬󷨣˲ÿһǳʱı
Ƕڹ򣬳϶һߣ
ϵԺֻСȭֻǸڶûûҹȴԲʥƴɱһ𣬲ңΪ˷ֹ˲϶ԼֻҪǽѪһڣǾǰһɣ
һȻǷǳģ
ԲʥټϵԪԶ㼯һ£ǶҲֺܼһʱ䣬ϹİͷʹֶΣɱ֮ʱͷȻĪ
ǣùϵġȭƴ֮ʱ̵ظоˣããоۣۣۡ
ȻϴδϢƬ̣
ĲۣˣתȫͶƴɱ
ÿһӳȭжٿǳһ˿֪Ȼ֪ǣÿӳһȭóÿһȭôôȭ޻ڣ͸һ֮ضζ
ϳ棬Щһֱҷ˵Ҳٻ˹ȻҲ³ˣųϴ
鿴֮ʲôû˵¶֮ɫҲȥʥˣƴһĴȻСܵӣϲ¶ֿųϣ˵Ƿһ顣
ͬʱȻҲźһʣôƴʲô
ôƴҪ̲ŵĸǱܣΪ˱øǿ
Ѱ㣬ȭͷоڶ仯
ˣޱȵѭţ
ֱĸº󣬳ϸо˴ȥʵӵķԽԽСޣϲֹͣ
ϵջķᡣ
ĸ£ĸµĿ޴óϡȭµһ磬ȻһȭƴԲʥĹǺڶȴܹ֮࿹ܹ΢һǵĹ
һ㣬Ȼޱȣвɣǵǲߴ·ӣȡѧܹ࿹һȭ
˲֪ȭǸѧģϵľ죬ûУϵĵ飬ûУϵûУϵɫ硢ȵȣûУϱڶɵľûС
Ҫǣϵǹ֮⣬ûУ
˵ȭֻһң޷ֺţ
ۻĻۣҲĸµķ֮£ˣΪ˴Բ𣬵𾳽۷壬ʥֻһһ
УѰҸ߽ʥ㣬ѾܹһۿԲʥĹ򣬳ϻһۿ
Уϵûзñ̸֥£ȻʮףǳУ˵Ҳף
ݸһ䣬ܫɽȻϲ󷨣ʥʩչܫɽҲٵòӣܫɽһƬǵѷĵز
ĸˣ֪ʲôһ͸ŨŨս⣬ȻǸ죬˵˵ӦÿҪˣʱ֪ˡ
ϵͷ˵ߣǿβȥЩҲýˣ


1231 ƻ
ˣ϶β˵͸ңһɲŭ棬βӴϵһعڵأޱȵ˵òˣ
ʲô
ǡ֮ԴƺвȱûкĹ
Ⱦɣлٸ㣬ȥЩ˴ˡ
ǡ
βûа飬ųȥˣϲŵȻҲо˳ϵƣĸµĿޣҲǹɰ޵ˡ
Ƭʱ䣬Ѻҷ˵ĵطʱҷˣҪǱжǱһ˿âҲޣûһǺõģӿݵģͷ¶Ѫ֮䣬ǲŴĿĵ˺ۣʱǸտʼǳʯԣ̸Цһж֮е󣬼ֱһϣһڵ¡
Ҫǽʱҷˣӵȥûһ˻ΪǴԲʥҲǸ߸ϵĴڡ
Ҫǣܻһ˵ţүү˭ľͿ˵һε⣬̫óˣǾүү¸һ㣬˵ҪүүǴһģͶүүܲһƽǸĳ⽴òã
ҷɪɪţܵĻǻֹסĲ۾Ҳӿ޵Ŀ־壬治֪ĸУǵĲҾ徵ĥ
ϿܵģһЦս񡣡
ϴˡæϲغǲҪˣ˵ţԲĿ⻹βɨβԾɫƵ˳
Цһ󹦣⣬еǡ
ϴá
ЦվһԣϿҷˣ־Ѿĥʣ޼ˣʵڣǣ˵ǲ˵
ҷǿ־ּᶨһЩϼ״ʣǼԪڤ٣Ԫڤٽ˲ϣϢ֮䣬˵Ϊ͵˴Բʥ磬ȻҲ޾ʹĥйء
Ϊ˸Ǻ޵ֿһ˵Ϊ䵽磬ԪڤٵɫŨ⣬һ˿ᶨ𾪱־ȡƬ촽䶯ţƺ˵ΪҵΪ
ǡʱϺȵ֡
βվҷ˵ǰɫβһҡؿҷǿ־Ŀ⣬̱˹ԵĹҲƺӣڵϣ˵μϣϣƻʧˣǣ䵽Уǣʲôû˵
úܺãβЩĵͻȻϣ
ΪЧҲֵã

βһ⣬ҷҲ͸¶ԽԽϢаʱ֮β˵ǿϢˡ
ҷ˳˯ȥڵϣˡһʱǵΪѾ䵽佫磬ŵϴȥһ·
β黹ɣϾҷ˵־Ѿ˱ļޣΪټβĹԣβǵļһȫȫһ˿һû©¡
ʲôǿƻȻԤһ㣬ü˵βһ۳ϣ˵ˣ㾡˵ɡ
ǣˡβһʾŽ͵ƻеָľ񡭡
Ȼˣϣôӣ˵ʲô˼
ҪЮס繫õƣȻƳɿܡ
ʲôܣ
ȻˣҲǳԾСƳɿܣǲз񣬶Ƿħ
أȻܿ侲ŭʵβǵļ˵繫ʲô֮壬ܵõ繫úܴ󡣡
仰ͼڴ½ġ¯üȻķŭһ¥β˵ţǲпƻпɼƻƻɾǼֻǣǲ֪ƻʵʩġ
øϣҪļƻɹϴޣϵ£Ȼ˵ţ뵽ϣҽƳɿܣֻıģϴޣ
ţʵϳʲôӣʲô
βҡҡͷ˵ǵ˵ļ֮Уϴһ£Դϻһߣ˭ҲĿ֪ʲôһֱƺϡ

ʣҶ֣⣬ΪҲ֮оЩ󡭡˴ܵΪֿβӣ˵ʲôֱ˵
ǣǵļУϻԴĿġ
ң˵


1232 
ң˵ϺЩȡ
ǵ˵һ֮Ϲ콫һ˲ţǣʹֶΣô˳ǵ֯
˲ţǣ
ǣһĨЦ˵ǲǻ˵ҳͽնɱ
ǵģˡ
ЦζŨǵȸһȻշ֮ƣ仯̫죬ǵշ֮ƣܿͱնɱ֮ƣϣƶδɹ£ҺϽµӣɲһĴ󣡡
ϡ
ȻɫЩǣ˵ǿȣ˲ֹһ㣬񶼸ıҪǳֶԸϣǳﻹӵѣ
ȻȻ˵ĻϸҡֹˣЦϣΪûԼңҸұ֤ҪԿң᲻ýնɱ
Ϊʲô
ôǿӣҪǲƳɿܣǲ̫ϧˣϾЦݣûһ˿֮ɫϻûдﵽǿƵĵزҪȻõʲôɿƻģֱӴɱˡ
ȷʵôһ
βôʶΪµģôҳϣ
βָҷ˵˻ǳʥ֮ʱ׷ɱҪʱϸ¡ָŹͷ˵о綾Ƚʱϳ֣κãָŶ̷˵ݺ۱նɱҲҪնɱʱϾ˳𡣡
Ǳʱ£ϳֵҲ̫ʱ˰ɣһˣЩˣǸӹҲڲ±ȵġ
ü²Щ׷ɱжȫ屻òϹŪİɣ˵Ȼһ˼㸽͵пܣ
β˵ˣ˶ͬһ־񹦷
񹦷оè壬β˵ţֽ䱸һ񹦷Ӻ󣬳ϾһԼǿĸоɳɫȴǴ䣬Ͻȫղָо
һʱ֮󣬳˵һ񹦷ֲЩ˶أԭǱ⾫񹦷ϴԴҪҾõδֻҲݽȥҸҿ϶ϵĵ
ȻҲɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һߵĺˣվһСǰ˵ƻʧˣɼƻƻҲ谭ûϵǿǳҪƻеǻᡣ
˶٣ߺ˵˵ǸǳܹԸ繫ǳУԲʥûеһ޶ȣܶǳʲôӰ죬ǳǸ콫ϣкֶΣƵǳ󣿡
ߺ˰˼δ⣬˵Ҫ̽̽ˣĴѰҵͼѰҩϣ̽׵úܣǾһܣնɣ˵ţߺͷ죬ֵǳ䣬ǲʯļƻҪһˡ
ܫɽϸβõһϣţܹҪģЧҲ󣬶ǸϵĿܣٲҲûãܲ޸һ֮Դȡ䣬ڿ֮ʱܵõļ䣬ǡ
뵽ʥˣˡ
ֻûһƲ£ϲȥ룬԰ʥ˵
ǣˡ
ʥ˵ţӵؿ˿ϣȱշģʥԭΪԼĴܲϾǻΪС֮⣬ˣȻʥûлصù߾нʥȺ߽ʥѣԲʥкüͳˣ䵽ΪץħޣСһϴͨľء
̾һʥҪȥȻ۵׵ĳ˵ʥһԵطӦúдá
һżӳʥһʱ֣ллˣллˡ
㻹Ҫʲô˵ˣϵġ
ǣˣһֱоš
ʥһӾͳ˻ϻȥʥˣȡ˴ʵеõǼϸĥҶҳ䱡㡣
ܿ죬ͯվĽ˽һˣһ긾Ůߣ¶ɻȻȴǾϲغ̣ôˣ


1233 ᷰɽ
̣ôˣȻøˣһȥӵȻϿһۣϼȻĳѾվͶйֻЦ˵ǵķ繫
̣û¶ȻһСŮ̬Ц˵ʮӶнˣû¶Ȼû¶ҿɴŵͼϰ󷨹֮ģתߡ
ȻȻ֪ҵͼһĶȻ׳ҵͼʲôãȴ֪ͼгϺŽĶѿ˵̸û£ôأ
˵
̣Ƿ飬û
ܴ󣿡
ܴܴ󡣡
ĵزЦ˳¶һǳ׵飬Ȼ񣬡̣;۸ңͷҸ߷壬˵̡
˺ˡ̸ϽϣתƻҴϢȲȡңһεĽȣһ
ʲôһȻ̵һ£ýȥһ̶Գص˵ͷ˵ʷÿһǳϴ˵һѣϴ޵˻ɱ޵ˣûϴ˷ˣȡǳԣ̶һνȣȷȥÿһֻÿһϹоŸжʮ
ǻ𣿡
ˣնɱ˵⻰ʱǴʧӰ٣ҳɱһݣȻ˵ֻ⣬Ѿۼ˳ǧˣ
ʱַΧ
ɣ
Ȼѿ˵̲⣬æʵ繫ôˣ
ҸղŵõһƻϢȻһһʮ˵˳ɫ䣬ĵ𣬡ôĵӣϣ
Ȼ˵Ͽ϶ûƴɱʱˣ࣬󡣡̵˵ͷȻǳأҵϸϻȥ£繫һͬȥɣĴ̫Σˡ
̣֪ҵġ
Ȼô˵һ䣬ȻǵǣȴȰ˵ת˵󵽵׻֮󣬾ͻϢ
˵ţȥպýһ̽ڿգȡ豭תԳ˵ϣⱭ裬ҺˣǷ繫һ㣬򡭡
һ豭豭ɷĩ̲˵ʲôȥϿǻڵϵķĩЩЦãȻ˵ȻүүҲôɣ
үүɴúܣ
ɴúܣʲôţȻһЦȥӣŸղ˵ĽȣȣǺȡˣƺˣҵʵ
һԼֶΣĿǰйɱУ󷨣ȭȻҲܹԲʥ⣬ȴǲҳϸоڶУúԶصӦ÷󷨣ǳо͸ǳܴͨУǹ򣬸þˣֻ򣬲ܽʥ֮ңڶ˹򣬿϶ûԼĹܴ󣡡
й򣬸һأԵĳϣѣÿһԵĹص㶼һһ˼֮󣬳ָһƻ棬ԹΪǺ
ȽԹȫ֮кһ͵򣬡һҲܳΪһɱУܴ
Ϻ
ڡ
Ѱɽ£ôˣ
ҪˣƽϹһɽᷰɽмؿɲѯģѾоǧʷһƬɭ֣̫֣ҲоǧʷϹոշһĶƾ𣡡˵ֽ꣬˵һ飬ƽϹ;ϹɳķΧ
ľ𣬾Ͳˡһ䣬ԸȫѰһɽųϢʵϢߣһ꣡
Ϻãڵ
ս٣ҪȫлǿԼʵңлһ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ˡ
õϢеģһȥǳβСڣҲ˳˯һ·ϣ˾ȫƴϣҹ
ͬʱһɽϢϢΪǳĴ䶯УҲ𾪣
Ϣúܿ죬ߺڵڶõϢɽҸ㣡


1234 ƿ
ѾǳעˣϣһβҪٲȡˮһ˸춯أ˾֪˵仰ʱѾƽϹĵϣᷰɽֻľ룬Ҫ˶þܵ
ЦҪɽûܣҲʶҽˡ
ȻǷǳϰߣΪ⣬ҲЦŻصҲǣҪû㣬ҿɻɳһ
Ȼӳ˲ٺôϴȻеõĺôҲǲ٣ЩôֻǳԸ֪ģȵȣ֮⣬гֻɻȴû׵İ
ûȻϵİ֪Ҫ²ܳɳǰزָһС磬΢ޱȣȭҲҪ
˵֮䣬һѾᷰɽᷰɽһģֱģһҪնĽɽ棬Ǳɵ£һߣǿߣҲܵ۷塣
Ҫǣƽһᷰɽ͸һƣһ޿ƥУ˭İڿᷰɽһ˲䣬ӿ׽֮С
ʮɽɽ꣬Ҳ𶯣ҲȸԾ
ɣϴѰһ֮أֻȭȭȭ֮£ҳһֱֱͨͨᷰɽɽ֮䣬һֶûԱйɢСһζʵϸǵ𾪱㲻ʲô
ɽһ壬һһ͵ľܹᷰɽ󣬳ʼ
ʱʥҲоΧԪŨޱȣ
֮Уϸоʱı仯ۼ䣬ռۣᷰɽҡǱֱɽһһ䣬ᷰɽɽ⣬ȴûлٵֱָ졣
ֹգü͵ᷰɽɽ꣬򵥣ڵأȴȻڿա
켴ϸȻһڿᷰɽȥʩչĻǡߡɽڲȻϮȴǸó֮
ֶӵʱ䣬Ͼͳ嵽ɽ֮ϣûȳסΣһżΪģĴڣŨŨѹϮһȣһɽ꣬ã
ϲȭңֻӿġȭ籩һȥڶһᷰɽѹƣһɢգһȭϣᷰɽ굹ˣٺȣ𣿡
ᷰɽû˵ȴٴ
һȭٽˣȵ𣿡
δȫ£ᷰɽײҪͬھ㣬һЦҾʹȭӰ´£ᷰɽϡ
һӣϲ֣ͣİɽ꣬İɽûǰΪһûˣǣϸоᷰɽĲ
˼һת˵ʵҪƷ㣬ǧֶΣ
£ͷųˮ򡱣սˮ򡱼ﶼԾһΪˮ򡱵ܴ󾳣Ϊˮ򡱱ѪɫˣѪɫ뵽ˮ긹ǵѪ
ô˱仯ѵҵԪҺ֮󣬱øǿ䣿ԺиʣȴѾˮᷰɽȥ
ˮ˵ᷰɽռƣǣˮһᷰɽ굱ϼ״Ȼ˵ˣһ죬һƿƬգ
⻰ᷰɽһ𣬱ֱվǹƣٴֳϵ¼򡱣УΪ֮꣬ĳɳٿʮ
Ʒײϱ֪СԪҺڣֹſʮᷰɽƺҲоˡе˳һ֮󣬲ԥ򡱣롰ںһ
ᷰɽһʧᷰɽȫ٣ɽǺȻ⣬ڰɹâ֮䡣
㶨ᷰɽ꣬ûκͣкȻǣָּ̫ȥϢȥ֪
ȴвĿᷰɽ˲Ϣ棬ѾҪͷƽϹԣȻžǧʷصᷰɽƽϹĹ׼ŻᣬϹ֮Уͷչ磬ᷰɽһ٣ƽϹƽϹΣ
Ͽûв²⵽֮Ѿֱ̫֣̫ú棬ÿһǾ޴ޱȣ˵ÿһԳһƬɭ֣
̫գ
̫УһͣסڷſģȫɲǣǿС磬ȻֱӴϵӣ桭


1235 ̫֣С
С紩ϵӣԾڿУΪɧҡƬҶӣ
һˣ˻ħޣǴԲǽӽĴڣнʥɵ˵ֱɵɵؿֻһƬҶ
Ȼţ棬һ׻ŶֶΣ
βӹܽ۾ɵûԲֱ˵ϴС
˿̵ĳϣȱÿһ˶࣬ΪղСѪ֮ʱƱٿһֻͨͨͺˣûиϴκεʹ֮С
˵һСͨԪڤٽ뵤ģһγȥѪ⣬ܹ⴩ƵģСҴͨǡ
뵽ϸϽС磬СĸϣȻԪڤٵǿӣʱСһƬҶӲҡΣֱֱ
һ˲䣬˸Ӿȵ鷢ˣֲ̫֪ڶµľï֦ҶǱͦ罣Ȼͬʱӣ
С磡
ޱȣޱȣ
ͬ䣬ߵǵ
һĻϼֻľǻ𣬱׵
ô¶ʲôϿһĻǾϲʣСǿģͷģҲаģԪҺƷײ˵ڹؼʱ̾ȹ
ǣϵȴӿŨŨĵǣɵģǵǣûѵͣƾʲôļһôɵ
ϲɫǿѹɵǣţСͼڴ½ķɽеõͼڴ½Ҳ½ߵݣ˵ʲô½֮䡭
ϵ˼˵֪ƬҶӣҡ˵ĸоҡͬУͬӥ˵ʲôһ
ˣ˰Σ
͵أ̫УҶ˻ˣһһӿǰʹ󵽼µȴٴγɳߣ˹̣аʱ
ʱ֮ôһֵ̫ĸо
ʱôȴͻؿήˣԵ޹ʵģ˲ήΧӣȻûпήȴһƣߵӣǿήĸȴһ磬ƬҶӣҶҡڣ͸ͱ֮⡣
һУͫɢرһ֮ǿСתųϻζҶӣԺֱ۷ӦСЦ
ȻСӰһΣִϵѪ֮˵֮ڣ
һ
Сصģľ꣬ɢƾ֮ζľ֮꣡
㵽ҪʲôСʵСȻֻζ΢Ц֮еҶӣ켴¶顭
Σоľ۰Ͱ͵ؿٿһС磬ˮͣһһС粻ɣ
ϼڤľ򡱣ľ˵֮У
ľȥ
ܿȥܵȻûֱʱȥ·ߵݣϿС磬˵ˣǷһ顭
˵ţϽŨע֮У̶ʱͳ˫˺ϱܱסĴҶһζ
󣬳϶˵һվϹ
Ȼڣһ˶ľȻظųϣ񱼶ȥǰ棬Щҡ֦γһܵƼ͡
˵УʣٿϣϵĹ֮ɫ㶼ޱȣӣȥһЩߵСζ
ȻտʼޱȣϢȻһָȻĵÿˣԼܣ۾һתٵܣ̫˺ˡ
ʱҲͻˣô˵һ̫֮УɣҲԼ˲ʱ䣬ҪȻֵ̹̫Ǻķѵʱ䣬϶٣ң˵Ҳһ塭
ϹԶһһҹĿ񱼣㵽ˣȻֱƸɽ
Ƹɽƾ𣡡
ţֱһأǰô׵֣ҪһЩ˵ʱƸɽۼأ
Ȼڰ֮ƸɽͬʱӦǣƸɽӰ´£
üͷһһɣ˵Ȼ棬עǱ£ʲô֪֮࣬ͨҡ
ء
ȻЦ˵ܺϴҸһȥ
ҡҡͷսԵģϣȸȻߣʱ㿾⣡
У
пԣ۷Ź⣬һЦǱضС
ͬʱƸɽըһ·ѣֲˣ
ЩϤ


1236 ר
ЩϤ
ȻһǸЦ˭ˣһ𣬷˹ȥƸɽһɽͷϣʩʩȻ
ȳһɫ΢䣬繫㣡
ҶɣȻ˵ţһҶɣҶɵҲõòˣȻ˴аʱ䣬ɵˣһأȻҶɺ棬վиˡ
Ҷɿ繫һ˲䣬ȷʵǳԾĿɨȥ飬ܣ˲ͳΪµĸʥ뺺ʥСβȴƫƫûпǸܴɣܵûͷȥĺˡ
齫Ҷɵ鿴뵽⣬Ц˵Ҷɣҽ𣿡
ҶɻһȴǱĵغ飬ѵ˵֮裿㲻ҪԱ㣬
Ҷϣ˵⻰϶ŭ죬ͳƴļʽȻһأҶʧˣûŭϣſϷı飡
Ϸ
Ҷţٽһ飬ӿʣ겻ʱ䣬Сӣ̥˰֮Уʲô
ǷҶɵԤϾǰٷ֮ȷǸ˳С꣬鱻ǱĬ˺ܶ࣬ҲȻϵָԭ鲻ôԹޣȻͲôŭ
ֻЦҽһ㶼ڹؼʱ̳֣ԣҶɣҪעˣʱӭҽ׼
ϯҶԺֳɽĻ棬ǸӰĵѵǸˣĪǡ
Ҷɶһ۽£ǸЦݣƸɽף̫ˣ쿪ۣԼ·ɽ棬Ƿͬһ㣡ߣǽ֮صĴڣ
뵽⣬ҶɷܿȶԼ飬˵һΣҲˡ鲻ţȻһݣҲ۽£Īɽ
һֳȻ϶Ҷ˵繫겻ζˣʱʱ̶̿㣬ò跹˼ҹ¡
ȻһЦ
ž
һĶ⣬ҶɵϣƸɽ䣬ҶɵȻֹ˽Ȼ˵Ҳɱ㣬СܵģڣҹȻͱҲˡ
ҶǱŭӿ˲ˣֻЦ˵繫ǲ˵ˣɳĵ̡

һֺȳը𣬷ХƸɽϣ˱紵ߣܴڿ֮еģʥǿߣҲһЩ
ֹƸɽϣվŵĲʮˡ
ҶһЦȻ˵Ըƾ𣿷繫ǹǻ𣿡һ˿Ȼ񣬶Ϊơ
ɨһ飬Ҷֺȵ죬ŵ˭Ҫ·繫ԸͬƸɽеƾ󣡡
˻档
Ҷɵ䣬ҶЦ棬ԷѪģ
ʣ֮ˣԥǲǲ֪ҶǶԸ繫ǿղŷ繫ļʽҪǸߣһǱǵˣòкθɣ
ʥأȻ˵˭ҪһҶһ˸زУƾ󣬾ˣ
С
˵һҶɫˬֵλŷ繫˵Ļ𣿡
Ȼ˵Ǿãһƾ𣿡
˵ͷȷʵԷ繫ĵλݣͲһ㣬ƾ繫֮䣬ѡһλǷ繫Ϊһ׷󣬸ǿԵõƾϰٱĶ
Ȼ˱֮۵ף˵ҽ֮ǵõϢҶרѿģλ˭ҪҲˬҿ϶ˬ
پһ˼֮ìͷҶɣҶɫüΪѿȴͳһӣ˵һ飬Ҫ˶ʱ䣬ʦͻǰҲǲ֪ʦ˭Ըǣ繫ڱʦǰʤ㣬ǲĻͰղű˵ȥ
һٱ䡣
ȻƺûҶɵĻһ¶˵ǺðҶɣϽɣҵʶʶʦǺε
߶дɱƸɽȺˣȴǲ֪ξˡ
ȻҶɶ֮ʱǱضеĳϣڿǱƸɽĿ֮ʱͻһȥ


1237 
ȥ
˷Ȼ˼ֻҪȥͲԳϳ֣ǣû˵꣬һֻɫƣץ£
ǼʽҪֱӽϸץ֡
ظоɱϮһЦСϷ̫ûˮ׼ˡ
˵ţϲû֣ȴڰ׼Ÿ
ֱɫƳڳϿ֮УѸޱȵشȭڶɫײɫƱˣڶҲ֮ʧ
ף
СӣԲΪôܵסϷһƣԣΪ϶ǴԲԼΪĹ
һӾͲˡЦŻشתþûʹùġаٱ䡱ԼΪֱӸ硣
ߣװŪΪϷϵɣ
˫һɽͬʱЦ˵øղһȭй𣿡
ûС
ţȴǡߡ̤˾쵽һȣܣϷϣ͵ܵ
𣿡
ϻ
ٿܵķ
Ϸģ˲ɳЦ֪ߵغ񣬼ֱϷ
㵹ǿңܲס
ϵӣɽʯ֮Уںûһ谭һ£ȧǸ߸ߣΪɭͷһ棬ЦϷȸһɫƣ㣬˲Ҫ̫ţ
켴˫ץڳϼ;еǰ״ʱһ鰵ϵĽʯƾƾ𣬺ôһ飡
ײһף
ͷ֣ڵķԲʮ׿ռ䣬ȫƾסȴǴҪסĥע⡣
ǣͷ£Ϳϵӣһƾдͷپ죬סƾҲܴ
Ȳûоʹ˽ƾȫʧˣͷ÷Ǳ˸ս˴ָ˲仯˵ڡ
⼳ȡٶȡ
ʲôУһʹҽˡ
ϵͷĶŭѣҷŴ󻰣ϷǵýƳɿܣʹһӣ
ܣ
֣һͣ뵽ҪƳɿܵϣͷɫҲһ䣬ĵϷôɾͱŭˣ뽫˸նɱȻҪ¶ˡ
⣬ͣͷֵõһЩƽ⣬˵֮ɫ˵Сӣô˰ɣҪ˵Ļ͸Ͻţͷϴ
ͷ˳һϣȴʼʩҪ䲻ע֮ʱһ£ǣͷĻû˵꣬㿴ϵǣЦ
ЦЦó
ͷɻ䣬ǡߡľѾѭʮܣţӰ粨һȻͳͷǰ
ЦˣҺ£ҪǸҿͷϴĻҾͲˡ
ͷסûףϵĻһɫץ£ڳһǡȭڶײɫ֮ʱͷһӰȻڿա
һյ
һץǹ
һ˳ֽն
һ˳ָͿ
һ˳ּ䣡
ɲǼ䣬ϵľƿνΣգͷЦźСӣҵ£
񣡡
ûгȭ˲ᷰɽꡰ򡱵򸫣ˮġˮ򡱵ǹ̫ľġڤľ򡱵ס
ʣµǵǰȴһ壡
򣿡ͷѾֻƣټϴʱȻûʩչ򣬲˵Сӣ㲻ֻΪɣ
˵أ
кڶȻӭֻɫơ
ʲôΪһΣ׼ѪǧߣǧٿװɣͷĻ䣬ͼǸǹǽȫ˻ȥѰǹûǹͷ
ֻһȥٻء
ǰѵǹ⻪һ𣬶ˣ
ͷ˾棬˲סǡʱڶײϣͷʧֻɫƣͬʱڶײͷϣͷײɵڴͣ¡
ǣͷȴûԼֱֱųϵֻֻЩ𣬸ûлȥһˮԵ򣬾
ܣ棬Źһôܹס򣿡
ϵǣѪػҲЩܣϿһӰ˫ۿնû˿ӵеı飬תƽѪĨȥͷЦܣϵˣ


1238 ˭˵ֻһ
ܣϵˣ
Ц˵ͷɫһͣѿھ֪ϣȵô֪ϵģ
֪ģúأʲôɼƻ
仰ͷЩڣЩֲ̿ųϣ˵Ȼ֪ô࣬ͷˣ˵ɿܣ
ƾ𣿡
һָͷҡҡУ
ҡεָͷо裬ֱŭ죬׼ŭ֮ʱͷȴͻҧסݣԼ侲ţСȷʵЩŹ֣һںĶܹùƻҲ൲ǹɾһķ磬ǸҲһķ
ţͷ´ųϣʵϵҲһƬأ˵ɣǰܿƿܵͷɲôµģȻԲʥ֣ǣƴɱҲֻ˹ǰƴɱԲоɱ󣬺֮ԣ˿ֻ̣һˣҪԵģ
֮⣬ϻɻ󣬸ղ״һˮȷʵȡ򡱺͡ڤľǿˣǿûһְǹǹͷŪˣԼȴʲô¶ûС
᲻ǵѪԵʣһѪ
ĥţȴһֱŵȻЦݣͷףԼҪƴȫһս󣬶Գ˵СӣϷɲһˣ
ټܣҲ಻ܷӳ߽ʥʵ˵ţͷȴЦˣΪϲ´Цø⣬ϷĿܣɲֻ
ŶǾһгɣ
Ц޵ÿ޲ͷ˵ţ˫ַУһһĿܳڿ֮Уһɨۣ֮ǰһʮ˸бͬȴʮ˰
ͷʮ˸ܣϸֳɫʮ˸ѾǧŴģ͵ĶгʥΪ˵ԲʥˣǱɣ
ʮ˸ܣҲͷĿǰʵܿƵļޣ
üһ࡭ͷҪ߽ϵרֱӽϣЦ˶۸٣
Ϸ˶۸һզˣ
˭˵ֻһģ߰˶ȣӰһתʱʮһӰڳ켴ɢΧͷʮ˾߿ܡ
ȻʮһģһӰͷֱӷˣ֮УʮӰ㶼˵ȭͷǳͷ
ٵģ
ͷѺȵɨȴûܵһʱҳϵڣʱȭӰͷΧͷϽܵǰ档
߿ܴϷɹ֮ʱʮϡӰУͻһԾһǡȭҳǸųʥʵĿܣֱӱ÷顣
Ҫҵڶ߿ʱͷϽһָ߿ܵȥ̶һŭľȣʮ˿𣡡
ʮ˿󣿡
ס֣Цݲϲľ죬ֻʣʮ߸ѸƶͷԼҲվ˿֮УԭǲҪͷԼеġ
ǣͻУһܣͷòȥϣϻۣʮϡͬʱڼЦ˵ԭҲǿеһ
ٳѿ֮Ϸ͸һɫƣ
һڿܣ任ŷλʮ˰³ֹ򣬽֯ͷٴδжӰӣʮ˿ɱаɣ
ʱ̣ȴӰٸ̽ĻᣬӰȫʧɲǣմȭȻֹϳɵֻǻ˼Σûƻ
СӣǴƵġͷЦУԽԽҲһָ֮УжЩ
ԴˣûᣬǳִţȻһȭһȭشţֻҵķλͬͷֻΪһֻûͷĲӬײȴûϵϰ
ǣͷΪҹζ࣬챩ȣ䣡
ʱӳˮ򡱣Ƕ
ˮ꣬űסţޱȣʱͷųֻţʮ߸ֹܵסطǡҲ䡣
ȣ⸡ù򶼸ˮʲôͷȵͬʱּ򡱣һܣȫʩչ
ͬһ˲䣬ϻЦҪĿһߣʮ˿ɱ󣬻ܲܲ


1239 ߿ܳ
䣡Ϸ䣡
ͷ˺кţ۾ֱ㶵ضʮ˰ɵģعġɱǣöôƫƫ䲻ȥ
ô¶
ͷЩʥĿܣеϷɣе½ֱҪġʮ˿ɱ󡱸ңͷЩңرҪһ߿ܣҪˣʱ˿̣Ҳղʮ˿ˡ
㾿ʲôˣжٹֶΣ
࣬ʰ㣬㹻ӣ
Цţһȭֱ׹ڵصĿȥͷļ˲áɱûȫסȣɱ
ʱžžը𣬿ҡΣо޴ʯ£ˮҲһҡ𣬵ûк˰벽ڶҫֱײǾ߿ܣһ𣬡Ҫ˭Ҳס
£Ǿ߿ܱըķѣ
ͷһ𣬡ĻϷĿܣϷ򡭡
Ż߶ѣﻹʮžߣʲôɣȴͷͷнŭɫ㲻ϲϷĿϷͻٸ㿴
ͷеľȻסס汦壬ͬʱȺȵɱ󱬣
ͷɻ󣬡ɱɱ󣿡ɻ˲䣬ܣͬʱըͬЩеı
䣡
֮ǰڴȭ֮Уµġɱ󡱱ոը𣬾һӾ춯ըֱӽɱ󡱵ıըûͬǡɱ󡱵ıըܡ
󣬿ֱֲϣתȻֵֻϢ򣬾ֹͣת̶ѿϾѹ磬߰ɵͷױ˶پ߿ܣô󣡡
СӣζΣ
ͷЦţα𣬽ɫѿն֣Ÿӡƾƺһֱϣͷ϶ⳡֲлˣʱһ£ܽϸסϷ߾߿ܣ߼ʥ˴ʧǵҪƳɿܣйϷͷ֮ߣ
ֲܼǰҪû֮ʱ汦һâιȦһֲܸ棬ڵͷһĻʱ㱣ʲôȻܵס˿ֲܡ
ʱҲע⵽ͷɱԥһһѹСָС磬ͬʱɱ

ըͷϣû
ͷùԺﻹʹѣ૵磿ǣ۾ž֣ųϣɫƹâ
ȻŹᣬȭѾײ˽ɫƣɫһײ٣ͷ֮Уײ֮ϣͷæʩչĽԹ˿δ
ۣ
ͷѪŰȥ߹ǾѣͷδּڶϮŨŨĿ־壬Ҳɿ־壬ͷѣæʣµľž߿ܣǰȥڳǰ·ϣûʱǺôΪ·һ
ھ֮Уȴ߿ھѪڵľѪľ֮ÿ߿ܵһھѪ
Ѫ֮Ѫ⣬ͷִӵƣЩ裬ûȫһ㣬ͷԽԽΪ߿ѾסϵĽŲңͷĶͷǻɫͷԲϣƺ˲˥һ

죬߿ܱըѹϵıֱͷӽں󣬱ϮͷȴûһˣûϵôֶΣһ٣ٶĳʧ󣬸֮ƴɱһСС棬ȻŴʧ󣬶䵽㱯Ҿˣͷʧֻ΢΢һλ
͸֮ʱͷһ£߿ܳ󣡡
ʱ߿ѪֱΧסߵѪ⽻ֱ͸Ѫ֮Ծڿеӣסˣ֮С
ŨŨʹ࣬Ծף۾Ѫ˿ʱ֯ǺӣȫذΧ
ȿȿȡ
ͷѷĿϣţȻЦСӣ˲𣬰ϷƵزϷ򣬿ȿȿȡ
ûлش𣬸ش𲻳ʹ࣬Ѫ⣬Ҫڵʲôһʹǳϴδʹ
Ϸ򽫾Ѫ¹⣬ΪҪƳɿܣСӣԺˣϷ㱣֤һƳʷǿܣ
ͷڵ˵š
޾ʹ֮С


1240 
߿ܳ󣬳꣡Ժ㽫ԶԶϷūͣʲô͵ʲôϷͷһͷҲܾˣ
ͷ߿Աˬ˵ţϵʹԽŨͷľԽˣжٹֶΣϷĻ꣬ٽĻȡˣЩģǿֶΣͽϷ򡣡
Сӣĺ֣ôųأǲķ繫һǱ׶Ƴɿ֮һҪúоо
ͷѾ϶Ѫʩչ߿ܳ󣬱ܽϵĻ
ϣʹ尾ţǺ쳣ģ׸ЩʲôЩʲôѪӿȥҪ˳ϵ
ڣϵĵ֮ڣŸǿĴڣԪҺͲ˵ˣǿСĹǿǸողžصˮס
һʱ䣬Ѫ岻ȥ
ף
ͷЦݣһ֣Сӵĵ棬ʲôȻסˡһڤ˼룬ͷҲδס
ͷЦȴǻָˣŨ˵ԽǿԽãԽǿƳĿܲǿСӵ壬湻ǿ
һ䣬ͷǶ߰ĿⶢųϣЦݱøײУΪ﹥ȥϷͰû취ˣϷȴʼ飡
߸㵸ģ仯ŷλͬʱѪϵȻһһӿ͸ȥѪ͸ģǻ꣡
ʹ糱ˮϵʶûΪʹѹǸģˮѾ˱ӣͷϾʲôˡ
ڴ˿̣һΥٴλصڳϵԺζһζֻȣƱǰǿ˲٣ϴĪ𶯡
ʲôϲ֪
ΪʲôģҲ֪
Ϊֻ˵Ļϸ֪
ǣԺඥȶȦȦƣ˵һ뷨ʹ
˵ڶ뷨ʲô֮ʹ
뷨Ժų֮󣬳ϸ뷨̤߿ܳɽл꣬ˮл꣬ȻҲл꣬ΪҴûио
ꣿꣿ˵꣬ʲô
գٲǰץסҶɵǰѵؽʱӡǣЩ֣мơ뵽ʱ;һƳȥ֮󣬱ȥҶɣ̽һ¡
Լӿžʹϸϸ̽ȥһ̽飬ʱ㷢Ϊλ֮ʹɾڷֵɲǣƺоʹǻճһĨǳǳЦ
ͷһʱͲ׽˳ϵЦݣ˲˳ϵֹ죬Ѱ˼ѵзֶΣܣһû˻꣬ͬԴȪϪֻиɺԵ
ģһٳ⣬ǰһǸڴʱҲɲóģǸ壬һϷģϷġ
ͷϵظԼľ
ϵ壬һ£ֶһ£Ŀתһߵ꣬ؿųеľƣע˳ϵϣ֪ڴʲô⡣
ߣ
һߣʲộ
ͷųϵӶ£вŨüͷȣϷͲţ㻹ܷţͷһֵƣϵƣܲ
߿ܳеѪ⣬͵Ũǳ߸ܻõֽնһͬʱڵѪ⣬ø졣
䶯˼촽󿪿˵ͷ顭ҵĻꡭûôס
ϷƴУҲҪ£Ļ
ǡǣǡƴ㡭еҲֻǱ磡ϻָԽԽ죬Ȼǿǻûܵסһ
ǺЩŹĹ룬ϣ˺ۣһģȫ̵֮УѪǣ
ͷȴǸӷˣҪؼԼǴ׵ͷǿʼ䣬ҲסͷóѣѪȴǸŨˡ
ֹƬ̣ͷİ׷ѾһʣһͷƸڸסıĿһ𣬱ǶħҪ¡
ǶƣȴǱʾţЦ
ǿĵЦ
Ϊǻˣ
ͷӿѪ⣬ҪٴϮϵĵʱ˳ϣҲЦ


1241 ˵ö
ͷЦˣЦ൱ؿġ
ͷЦǣ˳֮꣬ٹϵĵǾͺñһޱȵĽȥһűֽѴ֮һ㡣
ΪѾ׳ˣǧֶΣȴǺô
ȵõϵĶ֮󣬳ϾͽĿ֮·ˣ˽Ѫʣ޼ǣͷһжֵõġ
ԡѪ֮еĻ꣬ͷΪɸģĻôһ
ǣͷųϵʱȴֳҲЦ
Ц
ͷһǧһţһһɨȥȷʵЦͷǲţֱΪԼ⣻۾ۿȥȷЦ
ЦöҪģҪã
ʱôЦóôЦͷһð˳ѿ˵㲻ǰ׳𣿡
ǰ׳գȫңпܣǰ׳գ
û˻꣬ôЦ
Цݸʢ˵ΪģҵĻꣿ
ģ˭ģ
ͷԴ벻ףȴתǵϵĿⶢϵһ˲䣬;ҵزУԽԽСųϹ
ĲʵڲĹҲĹ
ͷһĻе𾪣ױȣǿѹסԼ𾪣ѪеŻ꣬ϸϸ̽뿴ǾʲôôֺصϢһɽ
ϵ˵ǹģ
ˣҴˣҴˡ
ﴫ̿־壡
ռһ߿ܣȫ⣬ȻܻܵˣΣ𣿡
ˣҡ
ˣߵͷ
֮ûΪûˣұضᱻˣӲ߿ܳڵȣֹٰ֮·ɱռҵ֪ҵһǿջҲһĴһĻᣬеһУգҪһѣ꣬˵˵ö𣿡
ϯֱɢѣȫǸµãߵͷڿ˵ػصˣĹҰɣҴˣҾᡭ
㲻ó𣿡ϸЦݣצӦúҪ꣬ĨȥʣµһʶΪһ꣬ûκһΣգצΪ֮ܣצԳ׾ٵˣҵİ֮£צҪ㣬ȫû⣡꣬˵˵ö𣿡
Ʊס˵ģģҪĨȥĴڣצ˵ܻΪֻҪ߹׽٣Ǿһܹ綼ˣҪצͨ׽٣ײ顣
뵽Щ;嵽£̧ͷ߾߿ܣԥǸǸõĿܳȥ
Ļڿͷǿס뱻һпܣ֮УĲһǿߵݣʲô
ͷ𾪵ʱѾǾ߿֮УͷһϽʩΪҪϳȥҪһ·ܱͷϳȥ
ƴӣͷ󣬿ȴûаֱϳȥƣʱͷ֮ɫ¹ϷҲ¹򣻼Ȼ㲻ȥϷԶҲȥϷڿɾһܣ
ͷƾ㣬סȥɣ
ΣͷһߣתͷųϣСӣţһɣжٻ꣬ʲô꣬Ϸ򶼸øɸɾ
Ҵ˵⣬ͷˡ
ţ˻ģֱͷڿľѪ𣬾ѪһͷܵϵϿͷָӲ˱ռݵǾ߿ܣ߿ܳ󡱵ʱơ
ͷɫ䣬ԾգһѽѪ֮еĻץڽڣԭͷĻ꣬ǳϵ֮꣬ʮɽ֮ꡣ
ʮɽ֮걻룬Ϸ֣ʮɽɽ϶ȸߣˮ齻֮Уһ¶ϲɫ⵹֮ϲ
󣬳ͷ̤ȥҪͷסһסͷܾʧȥָӣҲôܱǼ߿ܣҪúоһ£
ͷɱСӣɱңϱض֪㡭ͷ˵꣬ϾʹϵģҲɱ㣡
Цˣͷ


1242 Ϊʧ
ͷΪ˳֮꣬Ƴɿܣвġ߿ܳ󡱣ǸеľѪкüͷһǱƵ˾·һֻҪõƳɹõϵһУǾͶֵõġ
ҲŴˣͷ˿Ǽټռܣ߿ܳʧЧͷĿǰս۷ʱڵɶϲϣ
ͷвóϹ˼ɣȡ濴Ц˵ɱͷֿ־ˣԺųϵ׻ܾĥ
ϲûͷʲôһȭͷΪǺڶϽ֮ǰӦԷȥ֪ǰȴǺڶѪɫ
ˮ֮󣬽ŵǵأֵֻԪڤ٣ˮ򡱽ֻһӰɫƸסԪڤһԶͷϣ潫ͷӰ㣬ЩϻֳϸһĶͷѪ棬Ԫڤ٣
Ȼ󣬿Ϊ
ͷΪۿɽٶȣµϢʱ䲻͵˴Բʥ˸߽ʥޣʱͷûлصù
ͷѹæҪƿܵǰʱȴ˵ʹܣÿ߳Ķ
ʱͷΪн
־壬һ̣ͷÿһϸһһĳϣͷˣȴѾ޿ˣоΪڿͷ¶ȵͣ£ϷΪ
СֶΣɻۣ
ͷڿû⣬ֱţٲͣ£ϷҪԱˣҪ
ԱһΪֻ۾Ա˵õҷֺ𣿡ϱƽͷǰͷһɫʵô
һ֪ˡ
ָɽһȥȡһξѪԡͷ־ôᶨдһУͷΪѾ䵽磬ҪĲͷΪļ䣬Ƚ˿סʱβȡ䡣
˵һԳ˵׾ٵ飬֮һʱ򣬳ͻȻо谭谭֮ǳǿ󣬾ͺƲڿһƵġ
Ͻüһ˲뵽ֽţƴȫɹ˺ͷ޾ʹ֮С
ʹˣʹˣͣ¡
ͷкţȴôϵϣҲ飬ȻһĪ谭ȴҲֹˡ֮·
ۿҪͷȫأ䡱ը죬ըڳԺͷǵξѪֱӸը˿޴棬͵³һѪ̧ͷͷҲˣѪ⵽ǣò
𾪣ѧᡰһʧܣϴͼڴ½Ĳ֮أʱԳɹβһΡ
ϹȻϵһСֶΣҵϿѪ⣬ȴ͵ؿѪ֮Уһöָһץӡǲָ̽һȴʮ˸ײһλãϼ״רŴܵģ
ɻţϵŽָգȻ˽ȥһ˾žߣֻռݵǾ߿ܣѹ𾪺̽ܵתǰΪȥؽں
ڳ𾪵ͬʱԶ֮ǴߵĺҲھţ˭ȻҵĽԴ࿹⣬˸߽Իٵľ棡
ߺ˲֪ǳϣȴ׷飬һҪˮʯ
ʱ򣬳Ѿһƾ֮ǰԥģϿʼƾ֮ܣٶ֣ÿһһƬƴֽ𻯳ɷĩ
Ƹɽϣޱȣ繫Ҷ໥ţһʥһ𣬳˵߽Բ
Ҷɲ֪ɽ׵ôˣȻǸˣܹ赲סĽ򣬿УȴȫûɵĵǣٿоƣĵȥҲһ취÷繫ͷͷʦһˣҲֵõģңܿסǸĽԷһ
һ룬ҶɶԵ˵ڳ֣õĻرǻԥǾ͵ԺԱķ񱨸ɣ
˵꣬ҶӣȻЦ繫ϣȻܹ˷Ƶ
Ҳϣˣ㹻ǿ
Ըģ
ҶЦݲãһǬ֮УɳĳһһҶӵһɲǣ˫ۣӰһٶȣƸɽ


1243 
ƸɽףƾĿУУǣЩһЩ֧Щ֧ͨϣ̫̽ԶֻƸɽдȥѰƾ
ϴ֮ʱƵĿһֱںǰУȴǱɽ׷ȥ¡ϴƸɽϡ
ɽϣȻʱ䣬ҶͻתͷԶֻԶֳһСڵ㣬һʱ䲻һӰͷϿա
ʥǲˬҶȴʦ𣡡ʥһݣˬ֮ѹĵףȻȥֻúǳҲ̣ҶɵĿȣֱһһڵأȻûκαӣأ˭زıòһ׵£ֻҶɵʦıѡ
УҶʦϵװҲǹޱȣɵһȻȴ֮УᵽΣյζ
ò˭ţһˣȻҶɵʦ
ͽ˭۸ˣʦһں̬ȣûнΧ·˷ҶɸϽһָȻʦ𣬾Ҫʦеƾ𣡡
ŽĿȻϣ˲䣬˫صݵ۾ʱаȻ˵С椣ʲô֣
ϴޣҽȻС椵ģνһƶùȻ۾ȷʵŭ𣬲ȴ÷紵ɢȶ飬˵óˣûʸ֪ҵ֣ǳ˧ͽʣҵǿԸ㣬ʵ̫ˣ˲Ŀ
ϯҶɫ΢䣬ʦȴһŭûУЦС椣ûŭ䣬ֻϧϷŮ˵ʱ㻹ûأԣһУϷûãϷȷʵϷĳƺžͽгˣܹأ
˵֮ʹӣ˵С椣գϷˣԺ͹ԹźϷɣ
ͷ
ȻûлػȴȺĿһƣס飬¶ɭЦݣŵġ·ȴͻȻһֱ飬ȻСܺȳһ˲;òһ絲ǰ֮䣬ֱһء
˿Ȼʹܣһ㾪֮жûУȻ֪Ȼ֣ǰЩΪǴȻŭȻ
Ȼ磬ڵõϵİ£ѾһƷףһڱ㽫ءʵ÷飬ջУѪƮ£Ȼٴο˵·øӳأ飬СܣһвԾͼǿƬ
鿴ȻأһûзǹԹԵĵ˵ͷӦǱߣ˼飬ȴû˿ʹϧ֮飬ЦϷϲܹŮˣ㷴ԽϷԽϲϷʱ򣬻гɾ͸С
ȻתͷҶ˵Ҷɣ㲻˵ΪңʲôԸɣҪܽʦɱˣҸһᣡ
Ҷ˵˾ͿЦͽţϷ湻ˣô棡˵⻰ʱǿޱȵĿȴһ˿
ĻȻȻŭӣˣе˿ȥЦøϷҲữ
£ϵġ۳һӭ˵һĸ˵ţ˻Ȼϵ·һء
ȻϵȻȴأΪֹûпˣõǺֹҲ͸Ź죬һ̣Ȼ뵽˳ϣҪǳڵĻ˵ֱֻӾͻȻ֪ǳϴ˿ڵҲ˳˵ΪСѾ˳˯֮С
ȵռϷ磬ȻвȴأơֳϵġַɳһƬȥѾ¶һƬ
Ȼʩչơ
ЦС椣ǲǺϷ·Ȼѣֱ˵һϷˣõô鷳Żڸųӵġȫɳӭ򡰷ơ
ˣһ˿ң
۾︡ɫ˺Ϊߣ˵Ǹ߸ϵ񣬿ǣ˸ˣô³ܵо
˵ͽҶȴ¶˸ӲõЦݣ
Ȼǹӣؽ۾һգڴʱҳ֣һŻ֮⣬һҫ֮⣬ֳצץȥץĲλȻز


1244 ޼
ˣӣһ˿ңһиһ޳ܡ
ȻһŮң̣Ϊ˲ǳªӣۣˣ
ˣڳ¶ӵ˲䣬Ȼٻһ񣬳ȴϮضۿҪȻ֣˵ĿҲҪóѣվȻ飬ȴ͵³һھѪƬϣͬʱٶȵȻǰ
ʱڹҫ
˹£ϮȴԱڹ⵲ס֮
һĻһֱδʧЦݣͻӰˣȡ֮ķŭųªŭȾޱȡ
СӣϷ
˹֣Ҫ˺㣬̤űʬȥ
Ϸĺ£Ϸͳȫ㣡ٽ͵˵ţצƣӿâƹâʢұƸɽʯľ顣
ѪӲѣû˱ܿȥᶨվȻǰЦСӣôƴ㲻ǺĽôһȰɣ
޳ܣ
Ϸ޳ˣѷٸϷɣּǿƬȻǣʵԷӣѾֲסʱȻСܣ
䣬ӿǻâƹâ֮ϣʱâسϣ̺ŵĹҲһͬȥڳϣôҾȵǣǵȥĻâŨ
ƹâҲڳϣƸͣ
ɢһʥȻƲסԼΣ˿ȥд󾪣ҶаһϧȴţȻܲˣΪʦȷʵǱ޼ޡ
α˿ȥɫȻɽ˫ͻشЦ繫ķ磬Ȼ鴫Ҫܵظһ£֪жˬ
Թ򣬵ҲϧȻûпǵٱɣҲã
𣿡˹ӣȻȥΪβ۾һأϷǲȻķǣʩչٴأ
һУǰɳȥġȫ˻ûиڳ˵ϣһѽ˼ţȴٶȻ˵Ƕǵļʮʥȵڳ֣лϣȻ
˭ҳ֣
ȳ˵꣬ȻȻǿ˳һʥ֮ʱŻ֡
Ȼ֪ȻԲó˵óѣ˵Īˣҵıվŵ˭Ƕҳ֣үү֪Ȼŭ޻֮ܣڳ֣Ը˹֣Ƿһ飬ձر
ʥһϯ˼󶯣ԾԾԣʱ׳Сڷ֮Уһʮʮ٣գۼ䣬ÿһʥһֻϸСġʥŭ߶ֶ֣Σɱ
ɾ⵱ڣըܽǵĹ򣬽ǵķƳһѷ죬ͬһ˲䣬һζֱǵıһȥǾ͸о˻ڲζǲʲô綾֮ʱϸСĶֱ꣬ʥһʱ죬˵
ʱ𣬡˹֣ʲô
˹֣ñɣ
ˣζʲôΪʲôϷоȣ

ؿ˿ٱӣЦζ㣬ʱ֮ڣ޽ҩ߲ҵʮŸŮӽϣɣѪܹԹǵѪ⣡
һϯȻֱһʥɫ䣬˺˹֣ӽҩУǸӷų
ϲ˵Ҫҩܼ򵥣Ǿ͹ԹϷĻΧ繫Ϸ㣬ɾͺ֮󣬾͸ǽҩȻϷҴϿӱ֤˭ǱϷϷԱʲôҩøɸɾ
ʥĿ⣬ȻԥȻвǣϾպ¶Ҫǲ֣ǿ͵
İɣǽ繫һȫ£֪Ǹʲôģ֪ʱ뿪ϴޣȥޣȥ쳽ޣܶΣ
˴˻һȻ֪ЩʥҪɱˣɣȵ֣켴һȣܡβ˳ɱȥȻСܽߣСס顣
ƸɽУֱϰٸ֧ҵƾȻͬһ㣬ƾƷ׸֮⣬ÿһƾ𣬶һǽһ㡣
ϸо棬⣬н֮꣡


1245 壬
Ϸǰٶ̤һƬ֮УЩǽСƾƺһһѵĵԵޱȵųϿն
ÿһն£жӿһֵĸо·ڵʲôڹһ
Ե
ţûмɣתΪԪҺһ֣ȴսȭͷȭʩչȭһһѵĵ
ȭ飡
ƾ𣬳ϵûзŹȫ˸һɶں棬Ҫ֣ȴ˵ó֣žУЩҵġ
Ͼ鵶ǰУԽǰϾԽоǵӲԽߣǹɰԵƣŨ㣬ָоԽԽŨҡ
һڶҫڿգһѵ
Ǻڶȴ뷨ڶһҫȴе磬ɾЩ˵ľϾÿ˶ôɵģҪԤ˼׼ǿɾʹﲻӦеЧǡܹúڶ˭Ҳܹ̽ڶڶܸ֮ȭڣ˵ľԾͲôߣɾǴöˡ
ôһ룬Ͼͱ̽Ѱǹ֮УŽڶȭ棬գΪúڶڵڳϴһãͬʱУҲ¡
ҪغڶȭĿǰõİ취ֻѹţҲմÿһȭͿʼѹš
ƸɽϣȻһˣʥսһ𣬳Ҷһ˶Ա߿Ϸ˻ӣȻ۾ȻҲţڣȻǷĳλ֮ģȫڻ£ķ춯Ȼ׼ȷظоֱܹǵѡ
Ȼһҩû磬ÿһ£ХǷƣǿ似Բ״ʥнʥֱ䵱߽ʥˣԶԲʥҲ˲ᣬѪѡ
սȷʵǿһ֮ƴԲʥ߽ʥȻ·磻βҲǲһ󣬵ܹ赲
źڹ⣬ֳһ޵У߸ŵСҲԼӵƣɱ˲ʥǸ߽ʥҲ͵ϮʱСޱСڴ˱СˣҪȻצӴ壬ֻҪٸֵע
ʵС֪˵עҲϣ˸оС⣻ʱҶɵԳ˵ʲôǱɵĹâ͵ǿҴ˵ĹӣȻʧʱѾͷϣһƻ֮۳׶ֱڹ⡣
ӣѾᣬû㹻άסڹ⣬ǳԹ۳ش£ۿάֲסڹ⣬ۿҪҳȻһҩششֱӱɢɳ˲ûȥȴЦŴȣ㣡
֣Ȼһ㣬£׶ֱϮȻȻִ絲ȥȴһػʱһѪͬʱʹҩһӣŻȥ
Ҫ׷ȥȴӶסץȻ³ѪüĵĶѪͻأ˵Цס˽Ϣʱ䣬켴ЦЦЦ֮壬繫벻㻹֮壬ϷѰ֮壬֪Ѱ˶ˣʼûѰ벻̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬽Ȼˣ繫Ϸһõ㣬ֻҪ㽻ϣϷһٿǸ֮񰡣ϷѾǻüˣ
ϯһҶЦݲ䣬ȴӿԵζ֮壬Ҫܵõ϶Ҳ̨װɡ
繫쳣˵ⷨûȥܷãùңֱӽǳ˹ָɱˡ
УԸԼҲ⡣
㻹벻Һ㣿ĻͰⷨȥ
Ȼ⻰쳣жȴûнӹ˵СܣǶû¶ģˣȻôһ˵һ˲侫ٱββͿʼҡʥβ˱仯
˻ڿϲ֮С
֮Уϻġȭܹϰ׵ĺڶѾѹʮ׷ΧѹĺڶܲûмС
ͬʱڵѪҺ쳣оӽڿģҲǽ֮ǿµĵУƸңΧռ䣬ȫƣ
ƣǡϵԺֳ֣ԡ


1246 ڣս

Ļɽһ緢أһéٿĸо鼰ȫͨ͸Ϊ֮ԼһֱֹĸоΪΡȭһҹ֮ǰǿ󡭡
һжΪ˰
ɣϻûףڵİβģݻ֮ʱʲô
ǵȻúˡ
ţоΧŨʵʵİÿһεĺŵŨŨİζǰֱߵڵأԸһѵƴɱķɱһ֮С
ó϶֮УǻһˣֻͱϮ͸ʧңǿѹסǹɳ嶯ȭ߷£һѰƾ𵶽ҵײϸ֮ɫ˵һ̫װʲôͽ֮һӵжŨԵİҪҳȭͷ֮£
Ϯ룬ڵİ칲ϸϸţͬʱúڶԽԽСǣǰԼмʮףǺڶδСնµÿһңҵΪһ壬ǳϹ⿿в֮⡣
ˣûмԪҺȵȻȥڵİѧƾǰ㣬ƴںһ
еģһеģ
ᶨţսһһȭڶԽŨЩһȭҲƣȭȭоȭȭʮȭȭǧȭ
ľУȱ־ǲаֶҡжٰѵжңжŨֻһȭȥ
ʮ׵ľ룬ϲ֪ҳ˶ȭӿǰ߿ʼںϣϵȭø񣬸ˡ
ԼĪӺ󣬳ǰͻֳһѽаƴСĵɳϿȥԺγɵĻ棬ѵȴֱɣ䣬նȫںһĹâֱ
ʱϻëէ𣬸оĪΣƺһֻҪסͻʹ䣬٣ϲ壬ǹս⣬ӿͷţƾ㣬䣬ܣҪ㣬Ҫǿǿ
źУ˰ٶϿѹʮѪ洫ٲֱ°ĺͬʱѪϸУ͵رһŨϢ
֮
ϸоͻЩӭѶϣнˣˮۣһƥľȻбʤǿģܹ赲ԼǰһУԼģ˭˭
ôпſܱ
˶ӵеģ˵Ȼÿ˵棬ŰӣǣܻѰģνǧ֮һ֮һ
ϣ֮һ˰
ƴĵԽԺǰѵԽÿһ֣ڱǣ˿̣ǧɴС
ϻëףڽѪÿһ缡ÿһͷڲƥѹ£ս̼˷ܵĲҪնϣƴںϡ
ۣ
һѪУϰʮغȵڣ켴ȥǰΣûںϣֻǽȭǰԺѾɴСĵھҪײһǣХ飡
ԺУǰ˲ںͬˮ齻һ㣬ոںϣײһ𣬺¡죬ֱó϶ʧϣ۾Ҳʧ㡭
Ϣ󣬳üҲܿüԺһƬޣѾûǰɵӰӣǰǰСҲʧȥӰ٣ȡ֮ģһģĴڣ
ǽ֮꣡
˿̣֮ɪɪųϣηϿ֮꣬ѹֺ˴ƾƷ֮ߣЩȫǽ֮Ĺͣ
ʱҲˡ׽򡱣˵У
֮ǣİȴϵİѹȥˣƳϵİȽױȽ֮ߣʱ֮과ûκηˡ׽У֮ȻһһȭתƵĻ棬ֻ³Ͼòô鷳ֱӾͳˡ
ҲҺý֮겻֪ϲܹ˰ðںһ𣬸ǽڶѹʮ׷Χ
ʱ̣֮ˡ׽С
˵ľˮУֻȱˣ˵ţһȭһȭƾ֮̾ʧƸɽ
ƸɽϣȻľƣΣա


1247 ڳģͲʹ
ƸɽϣʥǣȻȻɱֻʣʮǣȻǵҲǷǳˣǺʵƤ⣬ҲѪСжҲǰɫףƴɱѾǵĸɡ
رǵҶɵĽ飬ͣض֣ȻΪ˻סСܣϵʩչҩڳһһĿӣķǳشأ
ȻĽҪгԶʹǰЩ⣬⣡˹ҲؽĽţ뵽֪棬ûУ
ֵһȻѪ
С椣𷴿ˣˣϷľʹúܣӵĳˣЦ˵ȻѾ֮˭ҲߣѼӣɲˣ
ڳģͲʹˡ
Ȼһҩ£ЦøܿһߣһȻԱЩṩ⣬İ飬ʱֻҪ飬Ȼôô
˶ʣµʮʥȵҪõҩ͸Ϸϣʹ㾢ƴʵȫȻûнʮʥϣȻҲˣ˻ɱǣϢ͸㣬Ͼţɲǰ׽еġ
Ϸ֮ķ繫һٿ񾳣Ѱ֮أǱϰ꣬ƾϷ츳˫Թ򣬳֮ʲô񣬸Ͳ壬ϴ޾ͽϷ£
ţͷ£ȴһϤϷɱǣ˾㵣Ϊ˵һģһƶʮ㣬ѭȥֻββͣڹҡš
β
һ룬ʣʮʥȻٽȻһˣɱҶǱߣ˲׷ʲô£ֱβȻҲףһúŮ
˵ţס˵ͬʱҩ¡
βѾܹˣܹʩչ˸߽׵Ļ϶Ҳ˼˶β˵ţȴǶһӣӵģ˵Ǹǳ񣬳˾һӣٶȼȻȥ
ͬʱЩʥûлʬУЩɱҶɵʥУЩĶ͵Ȼ
˲ΪһΪܣΪ٣Ц˵繫֪ϷеʲôϷ۷磡۷磬˵۷磬Ϸ۷磡
Ȼ˷ֱӽ˻˵һʽγɵġơĶȥҩǡ۷硱
ȴûȻӲʹš۷硱ұһңһ΢СĹ֣ʱ֣ȻҩһȻֱæܣڳһӣѷֿ
ô˻ᣬץš۷硱ͱ¡
˿̣Ȼȥδټ֮ǰƴɱʱѪˣӼΪȻҩȥ¡һը죬Ȼ͵ѪȥֽеѪȫУռϷ磬ɱ£СȻǰƴȫ߷ǿƹƬڹŨţ˹֣־ͳ屾һս
СָԼצԵı壬ʩչ
ǱߣβҲע⵽ҪȻ£ǽһֻҪȻһоͻоȣֵܼ˳
Ǻβܺ˼ȥػȻ⣬βһݣʮʥȵϷɱ
βָָģǳˡ
ֻϣܵסϷĳ֮·¶޾ӣһָƬӿ֮ˮˮצȫðѪ
󣬳˽۷硱һ£һɳХˣܣȫѪˣţ˿βЦβĺҲϡƷְ
˵У˵ĻԹȼȥβͷۡһڣѪֱʮɣβƵʮʥҲѹڳ˵ŭ֮£ϽסȻĺ·
˿Ψһվŵ飬ЦǺñֻϧ̫ˡ۷硱ŻԹڹ⡣
ʱ۷硱ȥɺڹҲʧӣ·飬ʮѷ죬Ѫ򣬿ٲŮ˾Ҫˡ
䣬Ƹɽ춯صĺ¡


1248 㣡
һȣһ򡱡
ǰһӶֱֱͦޱȵƸɽʱ
¡ü׼ֽȻץסĳ˲һ㶣·תۼͻҷƸɽЦס¶֮ɫ
һ˴ס˲䣬ϸϲ
Ҷɣɫ䣬֮ǰʱԺһΣٲʤʱ̣Ǹ˳һأۿʦҪץסȻˣĪҪصɽĸޣ
һӰȻŨŨ̳ҽʯ֮УڿգҶش󺰵ʦ𣬿콫ɱɱ
˭Ҫɱң
£Ҷɿһ̶ͣϲʥ㣡
ϻϷ򣬻˭
ɢȥ˵֮˵Ӱǰֻһ£ȧǸ߸ߣһΪɭͷ󻹸ռݵĿܡ
һĻҶһӾͷˣ£ƤëҶҲ֪ԼΪʲô˷ܣֻп𣬡СˣˣҲᱻƵԲС
һߣǣЦݽϣ̶ֲ԰֮ɫиӿޱȵľɥƸɽٶӿǹҲ糱ˮ㣬˲ȥֽţǿģһƬеˣħޣţλˣˡ
ȻǡͷȴǸһֵĸоô򲻿ģô̬ӦûǧŶԣôأ
ҶɿϲţͷšͷʥǸСӣˣ𣿡Ҷɵ۾ǿޱȵĿ
˵ǳģ𣿡
ʥ˵ţ۳һߵҶһæͷѣǲˣ
ˣСӻЩѲϷ˾ţ֮Ž£˭
仰ҶȫģҲ˲ʥͣŵغȵ飬Ľˣ˭ܾ㣬㣬ɱֱѰ·ˣʦɣ
Ҷɵε˵Ц֣ҡŹӣǰ̤ȥҶתͷšͷ˵ʥ̫ˣһɣ
ã
ʥӦţӰһͶȻռݵǾ߿ܣҶɿȥʵһĻ֣ҲЩǣûȥɣ˳ڽҪõ֮壬ɾĿϲ֮УҶɳڳȥľϲУǿܣҲΪǷʥģûж롣
ʥɹȻֵĸоʢ˵ȴǳ΢΢֮ɫΪǸղȥоǵӡڲڣ̷ӡǻޱȣʱٿͷ˾ЩβϣҲЦݡ
㽫СץȥŮģϷģ㲻׼˶ŷʥȵʥͷϽⱬڳ˽۷硱Ȼȥ֮ʱˣʣµһ¶ˣ˵ġ۷硱Χңռжʱĸ֣ռ֮ıըܣһԶ˹֮С
һףϷϵˣ͵أڣǻը𣿡ҲʥӰȥȻҪӣʥȥʱȻͻȻһϤģƷһ
ܵӿȻʱʲôˣȻˣûֹͣжӿȫеӷʥɱһҪ뷲ʥͬھӡ
ʱҲǰҪȻ
ǣǳͻأأȻһƣʥ͵ضļһɫԾȣھ֮Уļֱ˸ոռ۷硱Ҫҳļ㱬ըˡ
˾֮һգʵֵըܣļըǷͬ죬˵Ѫӿˡ
ǡʥȭͷеĳˣ׷ɱȥͬʱģȻܡβһˡ
ȭͷԺһȵ򣡡
ͬʱҶҲһ飬㣡㲻Ƿʥǡ˵ռݵĿܣһסҶɵĲӣҶһ𣡡
ҶɱЮ֣
ǰ̫Ѿ϶ϣֳǰҶôҲܲʵľżˣţΪʲôû


1249 Ѹ⣡
ʥҲǡͷǳϡ
һȣޱȣڳͬʱʩչаٱ䡱˷ʥģȻû򣬲ģʥϢȫԼΪٴܴ˵ƽʱ̣ܻһЩɣʱ̣ٵ©㱻ˡ
ȻһжͳϵһҲгûϵģǾǹӵĳˣ
ŷʥ֣Ͽ˳ˣдȻϵͬʱ֣ڳΪʱϰ·ɱսɵõһԶļ
ļûĳˣһĿţոİĸͬʱ汦廤ӣ׷ɱȥ
ҪȻﻺǿɾ鷳ˣ
ڼȷŭ֮У͵ϮϷϷҪ㡭ŭţС۷硱תֵǱҵܡ
ʱȭȥ
׼ء۷硱񵲳ϵģɿϻһֻȭûй򣬳ªϣЦ֮ɫһ֮𣬻ֱϮϣȵйϷͷ֮ޣ
ͬʱʱ׼ԸϮȻϾһҩ֮ܵȻˣвҲСһڣֱӱ˺ӣ
ȭ
һȣǱѹʮ״СĺڶӭڶҫһǣӣͲһͣȳκηӦڶֱӽ
̶ڶײڳϣ
⧲֮£ٴУϺڶµĵطǳ˸ղűǱܻصǰ£˵ȥڶɢ˺һҽС
ǣ˱ϾǿҪӽĴڣػҲз֮ڲҽеͬʱ۷硱Ѿ£ȻҪҩϵסȴȳҪң˵Դ
ŵͬʱϽ򡱡׽򡱡ˮ򡱡ڤľĸ𣬰ʽתڳѹ磬ӭǡ۷硱ȥ
Ȼϵĺ΢һ㶺λҩˣ
һ˸оȴǱܵûȥӣûٺӳϵֻȭͷϾֻȭͷＤĺڶĹԣóʮɵҪȭͷҵ÷飡
ҷɳ֮ٳ顰۷硱صȻҲüģ
ڶһθڿգɺڶճɫ䣬Ϊûȫںһ𣬵ʱҪȭٻȻܣϷϡ
䣡
ڶ롰۷硱ײһ𣬺ڶƣ۷硱ڳϵȭͷ֮ϣȭûǰ㣬ѳѪ⣬Ѿȥ̽ѰԵɣҪ۷硱صȻ
Ȼһ飬ȴûܳó
ͫ󣬿˹ȥֻֻȭͷǯס۷硱𾪣֪ʲôֶΣȻץסȴȳϷ֣Ϸһ
һֻû˵һϸСߵ磬ԪҺΧţӡ۷硱γתۼε˳˵۷紦󱬿
λһ˵ģ
һ֮С
˻һĵʹ鲼ȫ콫˵ĸ˺ѣ֮䣬Ԫڤٷӿڳϡ
ͬһ˲䣬ȻҩϮ۾Եʣҩûڳ˵Դ֮ϣ˵ĺ󱳣Ȼ˵ӣԹ൲ܵסȻȫһ
飡
ѪڣӵļֱӱϣһѪӣڳ˵ĺ󱳣ɣӿܣҩһ£˵ĹҲʵʵػ˳ϡ
㲻ϲҾѣѸ⣬ƤѪѹǣΪӿ۷硱ҪƳڡ۷硱ӡ
һƣһֵƳҶѵؽӡǵĸоֻǣ⡰۷硱ӡǣȴǼʯǰǻ
Ҷʲôϵ
Ժͷ϶ȴûͣԪڤȻԴԴϵزڳ˵ϣ롰۷硱ӡǣһֱ˵
ڴʱ˻عиֳ־塢𾪣ķŭȫȻûϵȻ﷭˴һСӸˣرӣǡ
ͻأ۾ֻĴڣֱϵȭͷȥ
ϵȭͷϣѪ


1250 ʳ
ϸ˵⣬Ǻڶ˻˫ץסˡ۷硱
Ҳһץó˵ĺֶΣȫӣ
֮ץסǳ϶˫У۳ɺڰ㣬뵤ڵĺڰ㱣ͬƵʣƴ۷硱ץס
Ȼϵȭͷûбҳһ̲Ѫ⣬ǣҲأѪָǴӿ̥ǵѪܲһ㣬֮ˣΪ֮ˣܸоѪ̺ŵӴ
˿ȭͷϵѪ֮ʲôʲô־ʲôŭȫʧˣȫת˾ϲȷȻ֮壬Ӿϲ
죬Ϸ֮壬ѪѪΪӽ֮ˣ֮ϷؽЦ½ܵУ
˿ЦźȻҩٴڳ˵ĺ֮ϣһѪӣֱӱѪѪܵغبڳ˵ؿϣ˲ҽУҽУȴЦ⣬һ㡱ֱȻȥȻ˲뵽ô¶绷ƣԴɢ㡣
ֻҪϷûǾˣͨͨˡ˺ţЩĴڣѾ˳ȭͷѪĵط
Ȼʲô
û˵ĹȻڴЦźСӣ֪ʲô𣿡
ⶫһ޼ޣ
Щʳ򾣬֣Ӧô¶ˣΪʳ򾣬ϷѰ٣ҵˣѪʳѸжô֣Ϸ˺㶼ʳ
˶ʳ򾣬ǳģԭһֱûд·֮ǰǼȻúֵ·ȴȫʳɵģ
ЩʳѾϵȭͷΧһһ㣬ңЩʳ򾻹굽˳ϵѪ棬ҲȷʵоʳĲһ㣬ȷʵڿٱ󣬲Ѫ⣡
Ȼоһеĳϣûа־ɥЦЦǸǹ˳˵ĿЦȻʵЦʲô
ЦѾˣ
ƨ
ȴǵͷȥģûзӦ˲ɻˣĳĹؼǸ֮ˮ齻ڣҪǲˣɾˡ
ϼ״ЦˣֵΪʳ򾣬ܽҸҳҵѪ𣿸ҿҵʵʳ򾣬һЦѡ
ʳ򾲻Ѫ𣿡
˵ģ˵ģҪģϸո˵ֻ꣬Ѫʳ򾣬һһȥ˿ǳªϣҪѿжѿʳƬȥ۾¶˾֮ɫ
ת֮䣬ʳֻʣΧѪʮֻٺʳ򾣬ͬƴؿˣҪԶ֮Դ
֪ӣ˵ͨ飬ˣǸٶһ£ǲǵĺ󳾣ϻ䣬ʮֻʳ򾣬ʱֱֱͣסȫֱֱҶϷֺ
˼״ȫȻסǰʵƴʳ򾣬Ϸ
Ȼ򣬲ܳʹöʮֻʳ򾣬һϵ˵£ʮֻʳߡ
һĻĻĻ棬һӿϳͷЩʳһ̽Ĺʱеõģ˺ü꣬˽֮ģʳǿŴɱ֮У൱İ
죬ҲϣʳϣǣЩʳ򾣬Ѫ֮󣬾Ȼˣü࣬Ҳ˲仯ΪУѪ׷ѣ
벻⵽Ϊʲô
ʱϵڳ˵Ķߣ֪ΪʲôҵѪѪѪʳ򾣬ҵѪǲʲô
ϵѪںɽµĹսй䣬֮ƽʱûʲôѪҺкͣڰפôתôת
˶ųϣС
ϴȣ֣
£Ȼҩ£һӿһǰҳȭڶ¶ϲһںһ
ƽ˻񣬼ȻһҪصļʽ˵ӣ淽ѣԣ¶ȻԹΪһ壬Ȼ
ھѪڡ۷硱ϣ͵شӳжء۷硱ֱڿͱһ켴˴ȣ۷磬


1251 ϰ취
ƴˣƴҪԲòƴѪ£ǡ۷硱ͱһϹ֮ڳ˵һ֮Уҵرըˡ
ܹͱһ˳˵ʵ⣬оǡ۷硱ԱһƷ׸һЩˣ۷硱ըжʮ״СĹֱӱҵĿ
ʵƴģǳһȻҲƴҲƴǸһֱƴƴһ˾ͲòƴϿ˳ˡ۷硱˲쵽ȥѭֻþߡת٣˵ĵ֮ȥ
ȻôһѾںȡ۷硱ˣ׳ҪʲôҪ˧Ȼ汦壬Ѳըлܺ˵ĵһ۾ͻε˳ϴŵǸָ뵽˵Ľָ᲻ڷӡ֮Ķ
һһ룬ȫ˲䣬ͬʱڿһɲǣϾʹźڶ˵ұȥոսұ۾룬۷硱㱬ը
汦ػ˲̫أǣӻǱ󣬳˸ǱԶҪ׷ɱȥǸ״СĿռˣռ֮æʩչ൲
ڱըʱ򣬼˷λ˿ռΧֻǣԭŵӣȫѪȾ£ûһǺõģң˵ұۣѾˣϵĺڶˣұ⣬ĸ仹һӣȴȻĻ򣬸µĴˡ
ⶼǿüˣ˵Ϊµˣ䵽޽ӽԲʥĵز֪һУ˷ǳŭˣֻϰ꣬Ҳȫָʵǣֲҷŭڱɵʱ򣬿о³˾ѪҲ֪ʩչʲôطҪ䶨ʱҫһѪ⣬֪ѭδˡ
Ǳˣȴһ仰Ϸһᱨģ繫ţϷģǸСӣ׼ռ֮˺Ƭɡ
˵Ȼ뽫󻼸£ңƽɱ˾΢ˣȻٿռԥأԳ˵ϰ취
ã
Ȼʩչջһһһգ˵Ҳͬġڰ㡱תһؽöˣ˵ľһס
ߡڰ㡱תţϻţϣ˵öָûұۻڡ۷硱ը֮УȻҶҲַ֪ɳϵĳһ֣ҪôҶɵĲȫҪôҶɵǴģֻڲ֪ѡ
ǱߣҶȫɵסˣΪ˳ڣͷҲûãǸʱȷʵģʵǿȻѾʧȥ˲սۿҪ䶨ǣһûҪӣΪɽʦ𣬾ͱɱöֱۣѪѪӣֻˡ
Ϊʲô⵽ô¶
Ҷɲף뵽ϣоͲӿ־壬ۿȥȻڿռǰ뵽֮ʱһ仰Ծ˵ɫ˵һԼҪˣֻҪһеǰ취Ըʣµˡ
ϧҶɵĸ˾ûгãȻˣΪǸռϣѾףСס
ܣǿǿռ֮ʦ˵񣬸ܶԿռ֮ģҶʧˣܽǰʵתǿ־ӿȵس
ȻתţͻأԶӣ۾ͬʱоȵ֣ȴǵƣڡڰ㡱תУָš
Լһӣռˣ˵Ҳһ룬ͣµɲǣȻͨΪ˵ƣʵ̫˲ˣ̫Ƿˡ
ȻϽתƻ˵ϧˡ
Ҫش۾һӼǰһץȥǰ棬һöָһץסָһ𻵲̫أָҲǷ
켴ָ̽ȥһ̽ȴû̽ýȥָӡǱȡ۷硱ϵӡӵûҪûָȻ׽롣
ȴûлţ̧ͷЦŻشȻûʲô˵ģһһΣҪȫˡ˵ţҶȥ
Ҷɿ߽ǲƵʣ˲óվǰҶף˵㡭Ҫʲô
ԼأҶ֣
Цţ˵һɽͬĻҶɫף硭


1252 ӡ
ԼأҶ֣
ҶϤޱȵһ仰һʱӿľǷŭѸȫֻǱ鼰ȫʱѾǷŭǿ־ˡ
ɱ˵Ŀ֮£Ҷѡó϶֣
ԥϢʱ䣬ҶɱȡһƷײߣֻʥױҪԸʱ˵ȷķ
Ҷ̧ͷݶųϣɻûϵĿӴϣʥӴָͳһһԲλò֮ʦȥģûùû뵽һΣԼϡ
ǶôıҶҲֻúģȡȹһ٣ŵϣȫϣϣ黹ҪʰϣŴ
ţԲλѾȴȥұؿڴȥһҶɴ˾ŵ֣ͣʵǰ𣿡
ŵӵ㣿
֮£Ҷ׾ŵ˲ֻþٵٴ̣һ̣Ǿŵʮ嵶˵̵ĲλλãҲǼأҶɿ쵽һϢĵز㺮ģȴǿģʦˣһΣ˭ܰҴڶʱڻָҪ֪ˣֻ²õȵңǾͻᡭ
ʱȡҶеԲλ˳һ̽Ȼһ޵ӡǴڣֻǱ۷硱ϵģࡣ
ʵӡǣô¶
Ҷһ뵽¶ҪЮϣΪԼȡһ棬ɻ˵ڣʵ𣿡
һʣҶ֪Լ˼˵ͷ˵ǹԹԺ
ҶǼ˼д̾һ˵ǻӡ
ӡһ㣡
ȻѾ˿ڣҶҲûʲô˼ɵļ˵ȥνӡͨڴָϵӡһֻеϢ˻꣬ӡ˸׵ʹڼԶƣ»ӡķǡ
ϵҶ˵֮ʵӡƣ߻ӡµķ٣ˣҲǲᣬ𣿡
ġ
ϵԲλӿƺ֮ȥ˲䣬ҶԲλϵĻӡøɸɾӡƵǣҶɵʱѪ
˵𣿡
浱˵Ҷҡҡͷ֪һҲɥҶɻ˻֣ϵеĶȻжԶԶǵһҪɱ֮ʱô̵ľ֡
˵ţҶɵĴָҶѪϿָĶ˵УһΣ׼ö
Ҷ󣬸ϽתѹÿһƴܣˣϾͻڣһԴꡱˡ
鿴ҶԶȥȭͷзݵ˵ǵڶˣһΣһʱһҪ̤ڵء
Уʮʥɫ죬Ȼǡ㡱ҩˣ˼ȥǵʱѾˣҪȥʮŸŮˣǿɲһ¶Ǽʶϸղŵĺ֮ȴҾߣһʥԳ˵ǰҡǡ
Ϊʲôҵ˳֣ˣɲУ
ǰʲôԸ
·һԣһ˸նɱˣһ׳һξѪϱ˵ţѾԪڤ٣ܡβһ˵ڣǾָơ
ʮʥһ·ȫһҪնɱõĻõȵڣͶˣһ·ȫûϷԥƬ̺ʮʥѡ˵ڶ·׳˾Ѫ
ϵ˽һӲŽʮʥʮʥΪԺеӡ𾪲ʱȴţһӽʵһЩҪȻƲסôˣʥѰһ֮ˣ߶𡭡
Ժȴɸ˳ʩչü濪ʼӴֻԹϢɢ˿ʱײʯɽԴӣӱøǿܴˮУЩܣΪβܵùأܹܽӹĵزǡ
뵽ЩˣĲ⣬ҪԹ壬Ҫ֮ǳܴ壻֮󣬳Ͻӿڣֿš㡱Զ⡰㡱ʱ䣬ʮʥ״һ
Ժ󣬳Ͽ꣬ľսվڳǰ˵ˣ
£͵ҪиѵȻԺ󻹻ٷ
ˣҾˣҡ
ϲֽйצԣ


1253 ͷ
ˣ
˵צԻ֪Ͻν£˵ǰúܲ
ˣǶӦõġצԺǫ顣
ЦһģдҪйȻҪͣצһ֣͡вɲ룬˻ʲôأ
һצӣ϶˵ȻϻצԹʱѾԤУԤг֮ʱǴ𾪣ͬʱڵʱΪǻҸҪϰҪǳȥҲһ󹦣ҾͲնһֻצӣõˡ
ţնצӣҲնצԻڿſܷ㶣ѵ͵ľһֻצӣצʲôã
ϽצӶצԣʵ̵õ𣿡
צԼֻ֣ͬʱоϢ˲׹ʲôһǹ˷ܾæصͷܣ̵õ
˹һȥţצﻹڿϲţŨϢպҪΪʿ϶ܹӡ
ŵͬʱצԸǷԣһҪϵĲӣ¸Ĺʱ׳Բʲô⡭
תֺڵ˵ֻҪţ˵һֻצӣٳǿצצצʲôӣͿôѡˡ
ԣϲһڵأˣ֪ôģһٹ
ңûʲôֻ㲻Ҫװ׶Լô꣬Գ˵ͦõģرļ䣬ֻǣڰȡؼ֮ʱҪֵֵá
Żָ֮ϻƴɱ̣뵽˰ںϣûдĳ̶ȣʱ飬ʱ飬Ҫ
ֽעˡӡϣܸоӡ֮䣬ĳ֪ĹϵҶ˵֮ȡԲλ
һʱ䣬ϻûнӡԲλ֮ϣצѾֻצӸ꣬ʵ˲٣Բʥʵһ֮צԲͣظлųϣġ
ջԪڤ٣·Ҫص콫ģǣʮʥġ㡱֮ûн⣬ֻô¥ȥһˣȽ˶˵󻰡
·ϵϾ򣬳û˷ѣò׻нʥͷų򹥻нʥֱڳΪǹΪ֮ĿģҶҲýֱͣ˵·֣֣
һԣнʥ޵ɻȴҲòˣнʥй˼ɣͷĽԹ֮ϣûеֿҲûзֻ൲
˲ʹϵȴûȫû룬һ⣬˽Ծȴ˵ûкͣһֱʩչȻϴʹʹûгܵļޣ
нʥתͷ˿ˣȻƺ׳ϵͼнʥ˵ͷнʥŽһһϡ
ת֮䣬ϱϣѪһƬнʥѾҲе𾪣ľȻʩŹţλˣҪʲô
򹥻ʹԽԽңȴû˵ľнʥʩչĹ֮нʥͣס˵ˣҡûСˡ
ϵͷĿŹÿһʹ˼Ƭֵ̣Թģǵľнʥʵҹ
ʥոձϿƵʥվ˳ʥΪҲ߽ͣʥһԲʥЩסųϴȭĸʥȴϰΪתͷ˵ָǵʵˣͻ
˴󾪣仰˷ǳ𾪵֮⣬ԲʥˣǴ˵ʵ˲ȥ֮ǰ︡С˼Ҳȥʥʵһһǵնȥ
һ߸·һŻԹͬʱʹĽ֮£ŻԹ
һ죬һ˵Ϊٵĳǳأɳ̵ֱϳǣϲٴѾȽӦнʥĻԹ򹥻
ʥģ˭֣ϽԼΪ۾磬˲ǽΪΣǽΪ͵ͬ۾硣
һۣҪڳϵļߣȷʵȽۣϴޣرɳֱǣͲôˣһֱ˼ҵ
ǣѰ·ֱ֮ϳ¥


1254 ߰ʮ仨

ϳǼΪÿʮһ˴ȣڽÿһ仨ң˵ŮǣһܹƮƮ֮Уֲ˼ʢֶ֮£Ȼ챬ǰ죬Ҳ缯Уһҹ٣Ǿ͸˵ˣֱʢᣡ
ſӭŮӸսһֻͽȥҪŽȥʱ̧ͷһһˣֱǱǰֻջĴڣ۾ΪϬһ۾ͿԳΪģϽӭȥЦ˵ӣӭֻҪǾǵ˿ֹȣʲôǳͶûˡ
ӭŮӺ˵һֱϲϿӭŮӵһ˲䣬оͲˣΪӭŮεòˣӭŮӵΪнΪ
ȻϰΪûʲôɳʵЩˣΪߣشţֻһ¥Ĵţһ˵ӴһҲ˵ϴߵձΪȷʵߣҪȻҲôʥڡ
𾪣߽۵ĲŮ˵Ƿκ֮Ļ棬һһģɫͤӣΧ൱ȳڴʹĺ԰Ҫá
ӣϲʲô÷ɻջõ塭
ӭŮ˵ĻȻĻϿͤ棬лΣЩͬСȴһеǻҲͬ˲ô¶ԻˣǾǿ崿Ůӣõ壬ǾǱŵģġ
ûӭŮ˵꣬ͷЦʵҪеĻأ
ӭŮһ㶣ֱ𾪵ò֪˵ʲôԺӦЦӿɲҪūҿЦĻоžʮ֣ÿһּƷһ䣬ƷоŶ䣬Ʒʮ˶䣬ƷʮŶ䡭ӭŮôųԣ˵꣬˵Ϊ᲻ڿȥˣɣȽƷƷȫȻÿֻƷУһЩõģչʮ䡣
˵ŵʱӭŮѾ߰ʮ仨Ҳ߰ʮŮӣӭŮӵóۣ𾪲ѣѿʵӣ˵ģ
Ȼġ
ӭŮӼϲ٣пϲģһεĳɣһʿɹ۵ĿϽ˵ӣߡӭŮӽ쵽ǡͤͤϵͤӣ켴ЦӣԵƬ̣ūȥ
ϿʮʥɫԽԽҪٲ⡰㡱֮ǿɾͲôأҪˣЦٶȿ㣬Ǯ治⡣
ǣӡ
ӭŮٶȥϢ󣬱վһòŮǰŮӭŮӵ˵ûдЦȴǺһȺˣŮӵʲôˣ߰ʮ仨Ҳ棡
裬ʲôǮǾͺݺݵǡӭŮ˵Ůûô򵥣ڿϣڹ뷿еļƷƷм䣿ҪЩȫǣЩô죿ȫ𣿡
ôһ⣬Ƴȥ𣿡
Ůһü˵ߣȥ򣬿Щ˵ʲôͷܸļǮ
˿̣һһͤӣֻƣһȴЩͤӣ˼ЩͤӵĲϣɲ򵥣ؾǧݵı𡭡
ʮƷϣ֮ˣǲ򵥣ôһǿ߶ԽԽ࣬ͤӣ಻٣պһһ󣬴棬аʮһС󣬱仯
̾ôһֱʣһ¥һ¥ǳһˡ˵ţתͷȻȻȻûгϿôܸ߱оȴﲻ򵥡
֪Ļһɣ뵽ǸڰеϣкȻһ⣬ʱŮӴˣˡͤ
ȻŮЦųʩһ񣬵ȴظоŮӵıӣŮӿᣬɳȴףŮ˵һż¥裬ʵ϶Ҳ򵥵ȥ
ūܷݣ֪մ
ϡ
ûвţҲûбˬػشܷһ֡Цʵӣ߰ʮ仨͵𣿡
ͣͣ
Ŷܷݻһۣ˵ΪⶢŮװȻͺŮһۣ˵߰ʮ仨۸ɷǳرǻҪܴһ
ܷ˵꣬ϽӵǰӸȡ˳˵һ𣿡


1255 ̽
һ𣿡
仰һ˵ڳ˽㶣Ȼǣˡ㡱֮ʮʥܷݵˣֱųеǰӡ
¥򴺣ʵģǰδУδţ
ϵĿ⣬Կȥ⣬ʵϣȴǽܷݣóһɲǱô򵥵ģҪܷڼ֮ʱ᲻ʲô֣ϾͿжһЩ
ʧˣܷݵĿȷʵ𾪣𾪣ϲõ𾪣ʶ֮ﵽİ𾪡
˵ܷҪôµҪôļ𻹲ûнӴЩĶһ֪ˡ
࣬ȴǰɫҲδЦʵôһ˵ĻǾٻһң߰ʮŮģǼʲô¶
ӣˡ
֮ǰܷݱֵγ˵ӣɳһܷǾԵĸҷˣһǿмеĶܷݼ˵³߳ϱŵαЦݣ˲俪ƺǰٻһ㡣
ܷݸϽ߹ķȻϸһ׼߰ʮ仨ܷݱ߼ҴҸ·ţȻ˵߰ʮ仨ǧʮ仨ҲƴԼУЩοͣǰʲô
뵽ܷͻֹס˲ӣóˣһͨ𣿡ܷųϵģţϴޣȥЩǧ̵ϹһϹӵģӵģҲʥΪֻۣ𣿡
ܷųϵһˣŮ㣬ôӣЩӣΪҲǼɴ˿Ⱥ˶ɵ֮ϵʲô֣ĳλӣǣǵʲôĿģ
ɻܷ˺ܶ࣬ǲҳӵĶ뵽ˣܷ뵽Щͤӣб㰲˲٣Ҫ棬ߣ³ȥǸӵĵס
£Ļ
ͤжʮʥųϵ۾ǸжԼԺﹹóɳģʽ˼Ƶͤӡ
ʱһ˶Ѿͬ£ˡͤ˶£ʮʥµɲǣ͵һӼ٣ɫø죬ڵġ㡱֮ҪӿˣЩ˵ˡ
һʥ˷Ӧ֪µȻ󾿾ʲôľ磡
¿ⷴӦûմմϲ֣һȻ͸˲ŶԵӣǣ½ĿڳϣƢЦ⣬סΪϸûۿ
»ָЦݣ׼ʩ֮ʱͤ⣬͵һȣ찡ǲ𣿡һȣҪԷ޵οǣ򡰻ͤȥ˵۵ͤ˭Ȼͷ㣡
֪һȺ˵ΪʵڲզأһȺ۶ѣ
䶯ԽԽ󣬿ʼӣ£ɲ˭ܹģһۣĪĸݣµʵ̫֮⣬оǣڷЩο͵¥ŮǣһĶ¾Ʊ˴£ˣοǣ֪롣
ӣ¼ӡ
ôĺ䶯ް֮ݣעڳϣµøֱ˹ͷкƴҲãңֻһȴ˸о𣬲ζϵġ
Ȼ࿴һۣˣȻ󣬽Ŀ⿴˳ϡ
ʱҲ۾£չֳ˵һ棬ţֻҪһԼĿ⣬;ҲƲ
ţ˵ʲôֵӣһ
ϵƽȻЦݣ¥Ůӣûʲôֱӱסоƣǣǻǰ׵ģ˲ָ˵¾Ϊӳһ

¸һͷǺҲѵȺͻըһ£׼


1256 Ժҵ
£׼
ʮ㣬ŭʮ֣ӵȺɫͱò󣬲طֳһĵ
ͷһߴӢεӣҶɵģмƣһһͤ󻹸ˣΪĸΪȴȫǸ߽ʥһ˵ٷ֮ٵǿᣡ
ͤǳûȥᣬһˣȥֻǽüСһװܣֱ
»ס
ЦʵȥǾԱŰɡ
ˮưΡ
ϵ䣬ת㴫˳ҲһȦӣͣһ²ӣӢϣֳŨŭɫ㲻׼û𣿡
߰һҲδţ
˫Ƶסϣ켴һ嵽ͤҪ̤ȥȴǱϵסٲǰһŭȵͤӣ
仰ϲŻعͷӣ˵Ҫܽͤˣ£ߣ
Ե棿
棡
ۣʲôŵģңӲΪǷ񣬲ûһ˲򵥣ǣԼϳǣûڲƽ飡
ϴ˿Ѿͤݳ֮һһ˫۾ֱųϣӣһһ֮䣬Ļĸֱ꣬µţҾͲţ㣡
ˣѾͤӡ
淢һĻ˵Ļܷݿװףȴûȥüһţ˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼Ƕ£ʵΪ϶ǿͤӵĲãУµļʽѾʹ˽˳Сӻ޶ԣټȥ¿ɾҪȻãȺ˵ĵףǻǺõģ
߽ʥʹȫһͤɻͤȻǺõòٺãһ˶ûУӴжŭûгԷ𣿹ͷò𣿡
үѾþȫˡ
۾ȣûټȥų˵ֻҪøңҪʲôУֹȴѾˡ
Цֲҵģô㣿
˵仰ɫһ䣬˻һݣʮжʥϵѪҺ죬Ȼ£ֱҪ֣ȴŶ֡
ȻҲǹ򣬶𣿡
ǵģ֮һй֮벻ǲԻȻ֮Ĵڡ
ôԣ˲˿ȥȻǱˣȻбģӦҲб׵ģбǳģܹܹ϶Ҳ򣡡
뵽򣬳ûҪǸһ⾰ȻʮֵˣǣҲûиı⣬Ҫ֮Ϊһ·Ż֮ĹϵĸǼֻǻ˰Ƽգɢճ֮ܽ
ţѿڶ£Ժҵˡ
ֵ£仰ͣסˣֱضסϣȻˣҲһֹųϣ˵Ǿ仰ȷʵܰԵ֮߰бͷ˳ʵϻ˼˼ֻ¸˵һ㣬֪һ¶
ϵ˼Ȼܲµ֣ӣһڿܷͣݣȴˣϸ˵²ģ˵ˣⲻȫˣ
ŭˣСӣ𣿱Ϊ˶࣬һ£ȫǶĵˣѷɣڷ£ӻһ
ֱӽӵŭӵֻǿ£Ը𣿡
ȫȻûлصùųףУȻ飻ģȻǳϵݻ䣬ݶ˵ܼ򵥣⣻ǣû˰ԵˣоְԵνſȫ¶ӿ㺣ȴ̧ͷܷݿȥ
ܷݸϽסͤȥȴţΪСе⣬˿ˣҲûʲô𣡡
ţܷѾ˻ͤ棬û߽ȥͱסˣ˵ܷϰ壬Ҫǻ뽫ϳǿȥͰ׸ң򡭡
ҵˣ˭


1257 ȭ
ҵˣ˭
ӵĻû˵ܷ꣬ݸûüش𣬳ϵ۳һߣֱм䣬ź쿪һ㶣ŭȣСӣòʶ̧٣ӵšתԸһʥʥԥһ£ͷȥ
δܷݣ׼𣿡
ԭ߰ʮ仨Ҳһ¶ңҪٴۣµͤϢܷ֮ݸûзѶͽˡ
ܷЦŻصӵķԸȫ׼ˡ
϶ʮʥ˵ȥɣĶˣһʱʮʥǷǳʱڣսʱȴϳȥһָжӿ𣬲뵽òƸһˣҲǲѡ񡣡
ʮʥ˵طȥ˾٣ҲܷӵԤϣԽųϣҪѳϸϾεĴڡ
ֵܷ˵֪򵥣ĻҲ򵥣ߣ˵Ҫǳ鷳ǣһУ֪㲻ʲô
ܷЦţųϣû˵һȫ¥ŮӵϢܷݵɢͬкܷʱоܣд󾪣źۼɢϢЦӣĻҪ棬Ҫ£ֻ𡭡
Ҫһʲô£ϵ˵һ䣬ֵµ𣬺˵㿪ۡ
ܷ۾𾪣֪Щʲôĥţȴ˵ǡӣܹóһܷ϶òϾǴײˣ˵óóģ
֪ܷݵ£Ͼ˵óһ£
һʣܷݲȷǻѾųû˵ĵϸ֮ǰܵջأԣֻ˵
ã
ȡԲλԲλϳϻû¡ӡݸܷݣȷһ£ǲ
ܷݿԲλĿѾֱˣûɣԲλɢĪѹȷһһߣӵɫȻˣһŮˣôɴࣻңղŵĻúóһ仰˵ճ֮ǰѾóһǵڶ
ֲ»Ϊóʲô˲ȴɸԼСӹһ竣ź̨еײˣж竣ϳǣ͵ӵġ
£ԴӳϺǾ䡰ҵŮˡĿ⣬δӳƿΪҸһԶĻȻȢؼңͭȸУҹ죻ǣһû˸ǸǮ²һ¥ŮӣǮ꣬ĳһ֣ûһۡ
죬µȷʵЩ΢
ܷȻùԲλþϲѵĿţţӣȷʵһ㣬᲻ỹе
ţܷݻͷӣ˵Ҷӣӳһ£ǱųˡӽҶ¡ŭӵҪûӵ˭ߣ
Ҷ¡˵ܷ꣬ݵĿâʱҶ¡ϸϲɫӴָȡһͷﵣ˵ﵣ£ҵģ
ܷ˵ӣһҶҲһҪϳµĹūȷʵЩѰ졭
ȥֱҶ¡Ҷ¡ȵеˣϣһϣӴŵͬʱҶ¡ﻹЦţΪ㽫ΪγۣӾͻû˽ģ߽ʥһϣֱӰ㱬ͷ
߽ʥˣµĶ֣²֪ΪʲôͻЩţȻǣǳɻЩôȥϵæ
ɻʱҽȻĿһɨȥֻһ߽ʥѾſڵأţֿϷɿȭֱʣ߽ʥĹ켴ֲȭ߽ʥѪˣԶ
һĻĿ𾪣еָߴ֣ܷݵɫЩףǸҵĺڶ
Ҷ¡ҲǱסȴǺܿȥ汦൲ͬʱһǡȭҶ¡ţץסһ
ʱҶ¡ɣС
һ˲䣬ǷУֱܷǰܷƴס˾еĳ嶯˵ʲô


1258 򵥵󷨣ɽ
ʲô
ϵɱֱϮܷڣܷҪ˵в£ǾǼٵģ˼άûдӳϸղֻϢʱ߽ʥִҶ¡¼лع
ܷݱߺţ׼ͤ󡱣ոͷ˵ܷϰ壬ǲЩͤó
㣡
ڴ˴ʮȻֱе÷ͤʮףȻ󰴰Էλߵĵͤţϻλ˵ţܷǱǿװЦյϣЦʧԾ𣬼̶о֣Ƕ£ʱ˵ˣɳܷϰ壬˵ö𣿡
ܷϰ⻰һҪڵأƴסʵ㡭ǰ֪󣿡
ո֮
ܡ
û磬ֻ˵ʵһ򵥵󷽷

ܷϰɻ󣬳ȴȡһеȫѹϣѹʮŲȻһӣͤȥ£ӣͤ顣
һĻܷǿ͵һϵܷҲ֧ŲסֱҪڵϣ´лع䱧סŲܷݳǸ
ӣ֮ͤ󣬳ܷܷ۾ɵûԲǳôҪʶȤһٵģɾͲӣͤ˵ˡ
ǸӣҲ
ʱܷˣ֮ǰµĸﺬ˹֮ʱӣһѪӦûУɫ԰׶δ֣뵽㣬ܷ뵽øˣˣûгѪ˶̩ɽģʱһӿȫȻֻǳʥҪֵٶҪнʥܹ򶨣ӰһģҪ߽ʥǴԲʥС
ôˣȫʥ
ܷݸյóۣߵǰݹҶ¡жõﵣ˵ǵڶһ㣬Ҹ
ã
ܷݺʶʱ񣬽½˳ϵ˵ûгԹ¸㣬Ҫչ˺
Ժ˭Ҫ۸۸ң
ϰԵ˵ܷݸ°ǵĿ⣬ûӹϵߣûȥᣬſڵϵҶ¡˼ҹŮӣ˱ˣʧһŭػ˼ֻһˣͽȫŵٴŭҲ
ʱǰ뿪˻ˣ󻹸һˣ󲿷ֶǿߣʥǳн׵ģ˳ǰ棬ǵǣһ̤Ҷ¡ſڵѪ˵һ䣬Ȼ˵һ
ӣӡ
˺ţҪҶ¡Ҷ¡ԼˣҲܹŭֱϣһˣȥҸţ
ϡߡһ̤ӿڣһƴɱĹؼʱ̵ӣǣһȭһɣõģͰûΪһʱһõģײںϣֱӱ
֣ȴȻ£˵ڴ
Ͼһֱ˹ȥʮϢ֮󣬾ֻʣʥվҶ¡ǰҶ¡ʥһ֣ͬ£൲ޱȵȭ
彦Ѫȴû赲ϰ֣ȭڳ˭֮£ںһʥɳȥһŲҶ¡ϡ
ҪˣҲҪʵ
Ҷ¡˲䵽㣬֮ʱʥӣ飬ԸһϢҼҹӵ

ɻȴ˵ʲôϢܹҹӵ
֪ʲôطлɽ
˻۾ʱϬޱȣʥϣ˵
˴ʮĴһɽһǧʷʥһ˵һ飬ʵʶң
ǰ·ϵʱˡ
Ϣģ
ӵʱ򣬾
þȥҶ¡ɱĺУ˵һλᣬҪʵʥɫ䣬Ҷ¡ʹޱȵı飬æ˵ʱ򣬶ͻȻһ˭Ҳ֪
󣬳һŽҶ¡ߵʥǰ˵Ϣʥһȴٴţ˵һ
ϻصͤѾڳ·ܷʱܷ壬ϣȻ˵Ҫȥ

ɽ϶壡

ȥɣ



1259 Ҳϡ
ɽ֪壬ҪȥҪȥǴ򣬻ʲô֮ҪǲǸˣ
ϴޣϵĳҲ٣ſ˵ҪȻĳ֣Ͽɾ޽ԳˣЩУҶֵģҲôڻոϹ֣ңҲûҲ᲼壻ҶǸձˣ˿̻֪Ķָ˿أ
ЩҪ뽫նɱˣҲòЩģ˼ֱɱУЩһųʣµģֻǸνˡ
ǳɱһˣǴϿ϶һس
ôϵһʱ׷ٵϣϷɽϢģҲֻǸϣ
УֻϲĻ󣬰вһеģϲϷ
˵壬һ첼Ҳʲô¶ԣϾǶɽ壬ǻгǧڵ
㣬Ƕ㲻ģ
ңϸδ㣬һ·ƴɱϰΪ
һ˼ޱȣϣ϶Ҽʹ֪Ҳȥģտʼ֪ĽǷҲգ
ո꣬ʮжʥһˬĴӿ£ҲˣҲˣһ
ȥʱܿ죬ʱΪǵ棬ղųϵΪѾЩϷټ˼߬ţֵҳһ㣬ôУ
ʮʥЩɵۣһصˣȵţ֮ǰߵȫһǣһصˣĿⶼֵؿųϡ
Ŀ⣬ʮʥĻв׵ģ𾪣뵽λ˽˸ɱÿˣе𾪾ƽϢ
Цʵȥˣ
ʥͷȶԳʩչ򹥻нʥϵЦݣֺõ˵ǲȴЩʶ࣬һ䶼Ẉ̂ȻҾͰѴ̶ιˡ
仰ʥЦЦУܷݵɫȴǱЩҰףЩΪƷƷǶǹ൱ģ˰εĴ̣ǽǵĹ
ܷݲȥֱˣˡ˼ܷϵŰЩ˻ǾҲֵã
ʱ߹ǰЦ˵ܷϰ壬Ҫˣ˿ϳǣ֪ж˫۾š
˵꣬ϴߣܷǸ΢ָɫһ룬ٴˢһ£԰ޱȣæ󣬿󣡡۾򱻳һٵӣͤķ
Ȼǽڳ߹Ҷ¡ʱҶ¡ʻһӿĵشճģ벻ϳǵģʣҡ
פ㣬ȴûпһֻۣ˵òˡ£ϻָǴԲϢϢ˸оʲôɵһ˶ϢɢʱеˣľˣҶ¡Ҫźݻ죬յýܷ֮ǰĲ²棬ôԲʥǱȴԲʥŨľսϢܷݸоԼԵһȦôһȺˣҪӲģͲһ̲ˣ˼һͳ
˿̣ܷݸоԼȻ󣬿ۿϵ˾Ҫʧܷݴˣһ¡
ܷٶȣ˳ǰӡԲλﵣȫȥ˵ˣūҴˣ¡
ˣܷݽȥɫѿܷݵǻƴҪȥһλײд˵˭ȥ
֪ȴûнӣ˵ܷϰ壬ûȥ
ˡ
ܷˣûмĶˣͬʱˣϲգ
Ҳϡ
ܷȵʱ˵ֻ£˵ϡˣϣԼҪʲôϵ
ҲˣΪҪˣңһӿͷ
ܷȼ䣬˵ֻҪұܺúô
ã
ܷݰԥûУһӦ
£ϳ֣һӣͤ⣬󣬸ܷݵ֮󣬳֣ѹƣӦܹŵ˵
ллˣ
ܷݵ𾪣޷ݣܹ׸⵽ҪľΪ
ϻһˣ˵˭ԣԣҪҪ׼˵꣬һ̤նȥֱɽ


1260 ɽ
һˣ̶һ·ϵʱ䣬ȻһһŹԹƬ̲ͣش塣
һĻʥϰΪֻиոռ£ޱȣǷŴͫףûԺ𾪵һ˿뷨ûС
ʱµĶﴫһ仰£ʩչ򣡡
ǡ
䣬ӦɴӦ󣬲Ż֣ѾǰڵǸ֯һ˵ˡ
ǣɵ£ûаָˣ˵ˣµôöϻͷһЦ˵û¶㳪裬ܹƣ͡
ڱʯ۾תȦµ˵ͷһγ˻
йȻ˫عʹüȴڿĵشţﻹһ˲ţֵˣ˵ʮҲҪȶġ
Źͬʱϻѹڶ˿̵ĺڶһս֮нѹ˰ףʵӡ

ǰ棬Ǵˡ˵ţתȻȻϣ˵Ҵ򶨵⣬˭ҲĲңⲻһ˵£ԣҲҪȰˡУ͸һӼᶨ
£ȻȴЦˣ˵ʵڻȻһοôĶЦһʱ䣬дķ磬ڷһƮʵЦʲô
뿴۾ʲô
ʺ
һЦû뵽ȻҲһ棬ȴҡҡͷҲûлشתͷǰᶨȥȻǾ仰ɽһҲˡ
ȻųϵӰȴţҵ۾۾
һ˵ٶȼ죬ת۾͵˷ɽûֱӳȥûʲô𣬳ԷһԭصȺ򣬸ǸԵԣʵһǱض£ҪȽɽˣʱ壬֮Σ
ȴо鲻ô򵥡
ǧɣϸоڵǸҺĸУɽȻɽϵĻӦлڡ
ϿʼмЩǵذӿϣǣһӺ󣬳ϵüͷȴǽΪЩ󲿷ֵǴӿģǰɽڽһ֮󣬾ûٴ
һף
Ծ̱һ״ϲûзʲôϿǴһҲ֪ԺʲôֻӺ󣻳ȭͷһȣ˳ȥһȭɲ򵥣ʹ˰˳ɵ֮󣬳ϱһӣͷ󺹣ӣͺһеľƵġ
һȭҳǰʲôӦûУȳϴʱ¡һը죬ɽʯ飬Ǻʵɽ壬ֱӸһֱ׵Ĵӣһƻ˸
ٴתǣȻ󣬷ɽɽ֮ܣûϿǰհڣסѾѹ׺ڶĳ嶯
վϢʱ䣬ûټȥصϣλȥٶҲ˲٣صϣѾԲ԰ףȻûг¶Ȼģʵôˣ
ҡҡͷһƬֱһǧɿǧɸߵķɽֱ˵ɽ£Ͼ;˳ɽȥͬʱһܡ
ʥ϶ԳˣȻţóȻȻɻȴҲ֡
ɽڴϣȻӴ󣬿ʥȴǳصģӲһΡɽͻΪƽأһʥ˵˵ǷɽɽûˣôҲûп𣿡
ⲻķɽ˵ȥﻹķɽ棬ҪҲ档
ʥ
ߺ˽һУڴǧɴΪϣ˼Ҫ֣֮һֻϧõϣΪ˼ΪԭΪ飬ҲΪȫһ֣ңûҳ׵ˣںˣȻĻͺðöˣ
ͬʱߺ˻ųϸղűֳĻ棬۾ɻ
߻ң˿̣ѾҳǧɣͻأһȣףʲôүүôҲˣͷļүүһѣ
ܵ㵽ԲʥǿЦãȴǺϵؼеȥ¡һը죬


1261 ôһ
ȥ
ǣûףû˻棬ʥĿ⣬Ͽȥ
ȷʵûˣǣһֱ
ڳһʥʵǿȴҲǸоʹ֮Ужɻģ˵ɽͨɽǣɽʲôΪʲôǰδ˵
ԱߵĳϣһʹжûУһصˮĸо˼ڻϢһӣ˵ȥ
ʥѡһصȥȻǸĽжȻҲһ·ɿĿ⣬˱С֮⣬Ŀģ£βѡ˺ͳͬķСܣһȥˣըƬϡ
ǧɣǧɣǧɡ
ͻأһȥȴǺʵĴأǿյģܸоǰǳҪԾնʱһɾ޴ֱӽȥСҲû⡣
ҿյ󣬲ͣطеڵȥʱ򣬺гȻֱԵˡҪܹȥףֹסϽüһ˵ǰʼˣվ״
££һ죬һҲȥȻʩչһ˱˵ҰŵĻ棬Խ£ɫԽǧ֮󣬻ȫûɫȶȣʥ£ѾЩܲˣҲ˵ʲôһɫû¶Ȼôߣ
Ҳ֪
Ҳ֪Ʒһǳȵһ㣬ʼ磬Цţһʲôˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬳ϵɫԽذˡ
Ҳ֪ܺЩôˣҪܾۼҲһɴɨܣ˵һ˵Ӧò£ϾǴԲʥǸ߽ʥźܴļֵ
ǧף⣬ر£һľûˣͬή֮ʵô죿
ԽԽŨֿܹסˮ򡱾ǳûм͵ȥأ

²ҽгתŲ԰׵˵ץסҡ
ϸ˵Ļû˵꣬¾ֱӳ֣ץס˳ϵ֣ץýģֻһץסΣҲûнĻ˵ȥȻͷƳһֿۣ˿֣ȴûʲôΪֻøӴ
һץϳϵ֣ڱһɱ֮Уɫֿ״Ǻ˲٣ǿģȴøˡ
ϣϸðĺ飬峬˸һ㣡
֮󣬳һͣܿȥǿտһƬǷɽײһʣĿ¿ȥʱһƬɫĿռ𣬡ӭ٣
һֱȵ˭͵͵ʲôߣ
û˻شֻһƬĬ
Ͻ԰ɫŪú󣬺˵ڰУûб䣬ãżҪ͸͸ģǲǰϣ
ӡ
һּ£ǰһˣˣεҲϸߴһ£ϴһߣ̽͸Ŀ䲻ߺˡ
ߺһȻĿһݣоΣϢóǿƬʱ׼ţߺ˵壬֪Ҳ֪ô϶ǰ
ƺûиоΣյϢ㣬¶ŽݣһЦô㲻Գôأһһǳʧɾʹˡ
ţ
ҳ㣿
Ͽߺˣֱ˵ߺ˻صʹ˵ǲѾ
㿪ʲô
ңˣʹȥˣһë٣ҪõɽĶҰҵҪЩͼ󷨣ҩ֮࣬Ҷҵһ򣬽ʥȻҲɣǿǳǲʯҷɣԺϴޣһ֮£֮ϡ
ò˵Ͽǳ󣬷ǳĶе㷢㶵ؿųϣϺܾȵʵûˣôһ
ϴߣϵɫ仯ֻ˵㻹Ҫʲô
лûƬǳƬ
Ҫ٣Ұң
Ҳ˵ûˣ
ھҪĻϿ԰һҪģȻеһƬϼһںӣϻ֪Ƭֵ
ϲÿɷ񣬼Цʵϣ֪𣿡
˭
ϵҡ


1262 ӿռѷ
˭
ʳ֣ЦʵҲֻǱһԵ̬һ˵ѣûܹ֪ңնǸҲ˵⣬ڻ֪һʲôĴڡ
ȴûϵϻе㲻򵥣ӣ˵Ŷѣ
㾿ʲôˣ
ϺܼУ֮ǰֵͲ֪ɵȥˣȻҲɻؿųϣڳϵ֣ȻǴûʹȴҲй²⣬ڿĲ²⣬ǲµ̫Сˣ˱Ҳ
ϲ֪һʣȻʲôĺ䶯ֻǿϣת˵ڣ㻹Ҫʲô
׼ϣЩ˼ɣ˼֮˵Ҳʲôˣ죬Ҫֻһѡ񣬳ң
ҷǲأ
ˣȫҪԣλ繫ҼΪƻһ裻㣬ҲΪҵһܣ
ô϶
ЩˣҵĶ֣
عƽЦݲ䣬һʣأ
˵仰ϵ˷̸ǶȥͬʱŴߵԴҲĴŬѰҳϿ˵ˣȻһ
⵱ڶЦΪƾʵҵ𣿡
һϸոѹȥĹ˼ɣðţƤĳϣȴ͵ЦݣȵҪҷ㣡
Żֱȥ̺ǿһ֣ȻҲûţһǺУ
ӿ
ɳλռȫһĶ֮УλУӿֲһһӿϡ
Ȼɫ˲ò԰ףڵĸɾһ㡣
ϼ״̬Ҳһ󣬶Ȼ˵벻繫ʵѾ㾳磡ֻϧɱһ
ֲҪӿеַɳȭһߣֳܣɲǷ䳾ǰͽ׵Ŀܣ߿ܣʵǴԲʥ磡
һ߿ܵܣɱʹģǻ֮򣻳ϰԥҲûȥܷͷΧ׷ɱǹһЦݣӴָȡֱסǵȥ·
ͷȭٹϣȻһ֣ȴľ߿ƾնž߿ܣǴԲʥ磬ϵ˵֪ӹ
ϵõϢУǰѾֻȡһϢ˵ϻһ֪˿϶֣ԣģһ߿ܣľ߿ܣϾãľ߿ܣϸѾûˡ
ϵĻ£ȴЦ˵еǣûĸȻѹߡõ£ľ߿ֿܷȻ󣬷Ĵȡľ߿¡
ϼ״µɫ˱仯һΪϾȻĸоϴ˾٣ƽƺĿġ
ϲںһ߿ƿ֣ʵأ
ϼչٶȣصûˣǻмƬ
Ƭûùǳܹڹͷϣ϶ǳȡʣµƬӿԪҺ̶ܡ
ϣƬסܵĹ򹥻̧ͷ˵ˣƬǴǳȡģĶ㻹жٿܣһʹɡ
âȴûϣΪǰѾϮ˶ϸоǰܣƾĿǰʵҪ£ǳ֮ѣóֶΣҲ֮飬Ǹˮٳ
˼ŵͬʱڵȭͷﱼӿͬʱϿ˿̵ϣȻûа㶯Ҳûм֮ࡣ
Ϯ
һն£ֻƬλռһѷ죻ѷһ֣ЯŵĿֲ˲䱻ѷ֮УЩλ棡
ڼӲµһУ赭дھ֮仯ӿĪ𾪣ռѷ죡񣬺
ѷ촦ĿռҲѳϡȻˣЩܣȻûзɿռѷȥԱߣЩƬ֮Ĵڣȴûж
ʱһȣȭ
ȻҲֱѷ촦ӳǰҩȳһ֣


1263 κβ
״СĺڶȻռԿһ𣬳ܵʱ
ȴԸܣռڶԸٶȣϣ˿Ҫ֣Ȼҩ¡
ҩȻ˵ǳҪȻû֮ȴƾҩڳӶ֪ҩһ
ȻȻûһ˿᲻ãޱȵغȳˡ֡
ȳ֮ʱҩ㱬ˡ
ҩըܣռѷ죬ʱٱ϶ʱҲռ֣˫кڹһָצ״ϡ
ֻҪҷֿ˺֮ʱһ磬ݺݵͷ֮ʣڶϮȻһ¡ը졣
ûѪɽֻǵ˳һǾ޴ռѷףϼ״ʱĺ·ǲ򵥣û٣ӱռ֮ȭȴҳһһǵġȭ
ˮ򡱵лֱϰΧ
Ϯ
ԪڤҲֱϣ
ȻɫȻ԰ףȴҲûͣһСӿϮһΣӿĳλ֮⣬ɢĿռ֮
ϵҲȻ˵ӿȻδʩչʱ򣬳ȴǹ˲ôֱ࣬Ӽһӿϡ
תͷųϣ˵ʹ磿ѵ㡭й˼һ㣬ȴûס˵ͬʱӳһ߿ܣ߿ܸճϱ䲻ƽɢϢЩԲʥϢǿ֣ϵʱףֻȻһڴԲʥ֮䣬ܹʩչһЩƿյֶΡ
ԥأҲӳһ߿ܣţϼ꣬棬˵סһ
Ǿ߿֮ʱӿ־壬Ҫ˿ȥ仰һݣȵƴˣ
ֱȥ
ȻϣһЩԪڤֱӱնأѷУÿռ֮ʵ÷顣
ţĵ֮ն򣻵ʱԱһӣֻСˮ򡱻ȻϵĹ֮࿹𾪣ʲô򣿾ȻֵܵҵĹ򣡡
ͬʱϵҲˣûб飬Ȼ϶̣ͶȣȴһĸߣһξȣûջؽľɵġӿϮ
ܻ񣬾ȭףͬʱٴ˺һѷ죬ܾȥһУѾҳʮȭ
ǣȻûа˵ӣ
ȻɫѾǲ԰׵ÿ£ʩչֱȻһֱƳϺ󱳣ûĹ֮汦ߡһ̤ȻǰȡڵȻ
Ȼսӹڵ븹ڣϼ汦͵ס˹֮һεķ⵲ǰǰ㣬ܹȫסûб汦壬Ȼ֮ңֱڳϱϣȻͬһ˲䣬ҲһԶڳϣȻֱҳǧԶλذΧ
ϣôˣ
Ȼ˫رסϣһʮָʹһƬʪĴڣȻʧȵϣѪˡ
ɳϣȴЦŶȻ˵û¶Ѫ˵̫ƽˣˣҵѪǲһ㣬˷ˣ˶Īô
ʱˣ㻹ڿʲôЦȻЩյ˵
˵ģûƭ㣡
ϸ˵꣬͵һѪȻһ΢ŵ죬ǹ˺һЩѪȻҪ˵һȴЩѪȥѪһ븹Ȼ͸оһѪڵӴڵȴǼӿֽʱƴޱȵӿȻȫ
ϣ㡭
Ȼˣʩչ绤סϣţҺЩ첻ͣù壬ȻǻԵĹ򣬵ЩԹߵĵӣҪȻ򣬿ɾҪҵʩչĹ򣬹Ȼͬһ㣻Ҫܹȫ汦壬ǹ֮ܡ
ŵͬʱϵĿ⣬ȴһֱԶϣ˵ϵĺ·Ʊǰҩļ𣬶Ҫһ㣬ôȭȻˡ
ƿռ䣬Ĺۿۣ뽫ռѷըһ㣬һϣϰ취סѷ죬ʵ̫ߣֵܵ󲿷ֵĿռ֮Ȼ˵ŵʱ򣬻̽ųϵƣϿϵĿ⣬͵طֱ


1264 ˭˵ûѡ
ռѷ죬һս֮˲٣ռ֮Ҳӣߵϣȴǵסǹ֮һһ
ϿһĻͬʱȴҲʣƿգƿƿΪʲôָܹ
ʵǲ֪ϵĺɫ£ǣѪǰ˵ĹҲһôûеģԶƬ߸ȻǿС
תۼ䣬Ͼǰų˵𣿡
ΪʲôҪ
һЦݣֻ죬ȴôҲ򹥻˾޴ʹԵȻԾȻ֮ɫų֮ǰɶ˻㵲ǰǿģ㲻һ
ôشȴûзŭȥɽȥᷰɽȥ̫֣ȥƸɽһЩɽˣŵһ˿Ҳޣ̫УҲôïܴд䣬еľԪЩѷ˵Ǿܷ飬ƫƫˣǾ˵㲻֪ʲôֶΣȫˣԣɽҲһҲڷɽԭ򣡡
ôأ
϶ڲĲ²⣬˵࣬ЦŵʱѾ汦УҶ˵ġӡȻԲλûӡɹҲ˲ٵľ飬Ҵ˿̣Ƿǳʱֻ̣Ҫ֮һϣҪһԣ汦ǿ󣬲ɣܹһ㣬ܾܸǿһ㡣
˵ܹǰ漸ƴɱջʤܲɷ֣ڣ̲˷ɽʲôƴ
أ
֪ڰм̽ԣǰɽʱԼɫüΪ԰ףʩչĹҲûоȫԴԻңɴ˿̣ǲ԰׵ɫԻ˭أʩչУкܸߵķչռ䣬Ҳյ㣬ȥֵʶʱߣΪܣԸһˣԸһ߿ܣ
㣬Ҷԣʲô𣿡
ң㻹˼룬˿ܣһ˼붼УϺģ򲻵֮ʱὫϸƳɿܣͬʱ߿Ѿ顢¡βΧһ
Ц˵ôһ£벻
˵
һֻǣץһֻ򣬿ǲûнԵ۲ι򳤵ԽԽ֣ԽԽʣһ죬ǣΪʲôôãһЦΪԸʵ򣡡ֻҳΪһûгΪ򣬻ûбҪƳɿܣԣҲѡ񳼷ѡܣͷȻҲֻһ߿ܶѣ𣿡
һǣȷʵôģӳϸղűֳĶǱûдﵽ۷壬Ƴɿܣ̫ˣԾ˵ֻҪĳңҾᡭ
ǵĻ𣿡
ûѡ񣡡
˭˵ûѡ񣿡
Ͽ˿ҵ飬һ˲˵թң֪Ǵ;˵ĻûõģҪˣΪʲôûг㣿
ѵڵ֮ǰǧһ֮𣿡ǣ˿˿üĪ㻹ܾԼóɣ
Ͼ֣Уץ汦壬ȻŬ汦ӡȴ˵ֻҪȳһ֣һûˣ
۾ǿ壬˵թң
һ԰
ôܣҲӲһ
𵱿Ըһᶨ˵ŮأҲҪ˵ţ֮򣬷ܡ
ϼ״ҲľҲǲ򵥣Ȼ˽Թ򣡻֪ϵǸʲôڣ
ȻѾ˵ʲô˵ģ
£ֻܡһˣ˷˹ܻڴţүүҪǣûܽе£ǰĿܣǸΧ˵أ
ҾãһᣬҲֵˡ
ȻӣͬʱޱȲõЦˡ
ô׵أ˫ֻӶǱֽŵλ棬ʱγһ¥ԼԼ״˸棬˵ֵܵʱ䣿
ϼ״ϲȴǺòҪң
ʱŵ壬ͻرŷһ


1265 Ķ
汦巢һϵȴǳ⣬ӽ»ӡͬʱϴλУֱˮ
ǵģϲ˾󣬳еǣⲢܷ϶Ի֮෴侳֮£ܹԻ֮⣡
ĵصȴţųܲס֣ȻϵעϣǼƬϣΪǳϳûµ󣬿ǰȴţЩӣЩ򵥣
ңٲſҾˣ
ʮӣϵ˺üо˼ɭ˵㲻ǲ𣿼Ȼֱɣ
Ҫˡ
ϷȴЦѾӡ汦ϣȻûȫ汦ƣǱǰǿ٣
ܹ壬ϵսһߺţһţԪڤƲϣȭڿռѷǰҲ첻ʲôȻˮǿ껹ۣ꣬ҲֻϸƵķݣĿǰҪǿ֮⣬ģǳˣЩƬͷ룬ſԶ಼¼
ϵĺԽԽǳƣȻǳΪ֮Ҫǣ˿̣˻֮֮С
ʲôǻ𣬵𣬻Ϊ𡭡ǰԻ֮ĸ򣬻ʥ֮ľ飬ȫӿͷ
һ仰һ棬һξһθ򡭡
ѭԺ
λ棬ûгֽЩƬ£뿴ϻҪʲôû˽СôƵǳ
Ȼڲ֮̽ǰҪóȫݽ֮У
ԽԽ΢ֱ϶ģ켴˵ǰЩС𣿡
ûлӦֻгĬ
ȻҪЩҲ⣬ٸʮʮ֮ضλϣλ˷ӿ
ʥҰ֮УסԼԼλʼ󣬱ɻʮɣ˲ܳʮ㣬λ沢ûоʹֹ֮ͣ·ͳ˿ռѷ㡣
УˮĳϣоϢⲻϵϢ˿̣壬ܹ֣λϣػԹ򣻿ǣϵ꣬ȴʹҪվһ
ˣȻ͸ӲڵѾľһöҩȻֵסɫ԰ޱȣԽԽСλ棬λҪķٵĸо
걻գϽֿţԺеЩ棬˸ѭڵϵȴͬսɱƬײƵģȥô죿
Ѿʮ˲㣡
ţ治ǳˣڶܼ֣㲻Ҫ𣿡
ǻػûˣоԼҪˣʱ汦Ѫ⣬ϸʱû꣬Ƿ֮Ҳ档
һ汦
ţתȻҡҡ׹оץס֣ʱѪҲȻ棬ͬʱȻ
Ƭ֮ʣȻָоڵķָ֮Ȼĳһ˼Ҳ˲ֱӽϵָץסϾף⡭
һԣ
ϲ֪ȻҪʲôȻѾںò׻ָķܣעڣЩܣһģ֮ܡ
壬˲ϵĺ֮С
һ㣬һ񱩵سȻܣȻɫٻز԰ףȻûг֣ܱȡ
ȴоڰתȻӿ켸ʮ
ͬʱҲ˼ʮȻܵ󣬲԰׵ɫػָ״̬ڵķܣָٶҲӿ졣
Ȼ֪ԼĶˣգ۾ųϣʳϵڣʲôȻãϵü˼ţҲоһУڰ㺬Щܣô¶ôڰ֮У
ûз֣ڰǱӦĵطѾ˷ǳ΢ı仯
أȻٷܣͻע˵˫֣һγһѭӿ룬Ȼָܵٶȣӣ
棬Ҳ쵽˲ԾֶΣ治٣
˵ţޱȵĻԹ͸ȥ


1266 ҵĹ
겻ٱգڳԺЩ棬ֿʼѭתʱԹ͸ײѪ֮ϣȴǹ֮
ϼ㻭棬ȴһûзŭȴ¶֮ɫ֮ʹ磬ͬ죬㷨һдʲôʣĪˣܣֻթҵģթҵġ
ţʹȫʮɹʩչĻԹѪɫȦײȥѪɫȦһһѷ죬Թû룬ײڳϺϡ
ۣ
һѪȻϣȻϡ
ͬʱȻ͵عעϵ棬Դ˷ֵϵѹ
ϿѪɫȦƣгһҾ˵ɣģǴ֪ģǿʣ
ʱȴһȣϣֵģٹԣţϽѪɫȦת£Ǻɫ޵Ѫûʲô
Ȼȣ벻׳Ϊʲô˴ȣһ㶣һüЦ˵ѵ㻹ܵסɣ

ۣ
ԹٴƳһѪѷ죬ڳϺ󱳣ѪȻѪĿⶢųϣһתҲתϷغţ
ͬʱϵĿ⣬ȻɨȻףͷѪȫ˽ȥûаֶ֮УеģȫŨŨĸж
Թһһػڳϡ
֮ȴΪϵһԹѪɫȦ֮ʱϻһ飬Уͷѭŵĸ棬ͻصһ𣬺϶Ϊһ
񼤷Ĺޱȵǿʵʵڳϣܳϵжǿữһмʧ䡣
ѪɫȦԹ̺ŵľ󲿷ܣѪɫȦˣֻʣһ㹥˳ϵ壻˵ѪɫȦƿһѷ죬ǣǲ汦屾⣬ǳϲȫĹЧ
һ㣬Գ˵Ҳһˡ
ڣϻƴסóܾʹ֮ʱܶԻԹҸҲоʩչĹ򣬱ʥʩչĹ֮
ŴˣϷشţһ룬ΣԽԽŨصĻԽԽ࣬ǰЩǧһָоԽԽǿңԽԽ
һҲҪʧ˲䣬ȻһͷЩʥĹ򣬶Ǵ֮ã൱˳أҰǵľ飬ǵĲȥĹͬ˳أĹҵıģҵ⣬ȴΥģ壬عǹܣҲޱȵĴڡ
һԹ壬ȴûио˿ʹ𣬻Ϊ𣬳ΪһӣǲǶԼʲô
һǿҵĸоĸо糱ˮ㣬ȥԺеȫصһĻ棬ҲǺȻըѣԺһƬհףһƬޣǰ򰡣˵ľ֮࣬ȫڣ
ϣôˣ
ȻŴĳϣҲϵķСʲôƣӣв٣棬ôڵô
ɻţϵĹûͣѾǸ߰ˣ
ϻ˼ţˣҪʲôعأкܶأͼڴ½أ½Ҳأʮ½ء
ֻǻԹУһҪ򣬻ҪΣдãˣҵĹ򣬾ʲô
仰һʳԺ֣ҵĹ򣬶ԣҵĹ򣬲عֻҵĹҲҪʲôԪУΪһӣҪûҵĺٵĺû𣬻ҵһ֣ɾҵĻԹ򣡡
עųϵȻͻظоϵϣŷǿޱȵİ֮Уһζؼζ˵ҪƬز̤ζ

𾪣ͬʱףӵаˣɲôշֻнСӸƿˣȻڽƳɿܣܻȴûбҪٰ׷벻СӣȻܼܣΪʲôҲܣ
ʱ˿̣Ǳհ޵Ժһƻ磡
һССĻ磡
ϵϢʼ仯
ϻڰ֮УͻظоϢб仯Ŀ͵ϣͻƣȻڴ˿ͻˣˣ


1267 ôң
򣡡
ȻޱȵظоǹϢǣȫתϲ
ϻţʲôλĿռ䣬ûԹѵ˵ǻԹ򣿡
ʳϱ϶
˼ܾûô˼ˣս֮򣬼ˣʲôأǰʥԲʲô𣿲СӴԲǰսʥ˵ᱩǲ٣ǣôǣڿռѷǰġҲãǿһʵƳɿܣǾ͸ǿ
˼ˣûмųˣֻǿųϣԸʲô
ƻ磬ڳϵʶϸоǻ𣬾һ㣬һУôϺƿһЩµЩͺϵƣҶϵҶһ⣬ǹ𣿡
ɳ
ͻأƬռλ棬翪ˮ㣬ڷָӣеλ棬ӿϣ͵شܳɣǱϷסЩλ棬ҲӿҪϡ
ϸոɢľݣһθ֣ų˵Сʲô򣿾Ȼ춯λ棬Ҫˡ
䣬ϵһʱоΪʶڳɳĻ磬ʼҡΣҪЩλڳѪɫȦҪ乥ƣһôǶδй
û꣬Ͼ˹ع򣬶򡭡ƶҵĹЩҪҸˣ
뵽⣬Цˣ˵ôҪɱˣҪңҵҪЩôңϺ죬Ȼ˵Ȼſҵ֣һһЩ𣡡
㣡Ȼᶨ˵
ҡҡͷЦǵۣǣһ˵սҪһ̤ʥ֮ҿ粻ԶɾͲʥԣԼûܰ
Ȼôһ˵Ҳ׹ɿ֣˵СġȻ֪ϻһ仰û˵粻ǲǳɾͲʥп
˿̣ȻѾȫָ۷״̬Ȼ쿴磬ƷףһڣȻһԤУ񣬲Զˡ
һУȻľѣ¾ҶҪƴȫ
Ͼ׵ĿȻϣͣʵָˣСϵĹ죬ԽԽˡ켴ϵĿ⣬ϡ
ȻѾѪɫȦ⣬Щλ棬ûйȻȫϣϴѪĴǣճһĨŵЦɣøЩɣ˭˭
һ˲䣬ֱջ汦壬ѪɫȦȻʧ
پСҪʲôûѪɫȦôֵסʱ׼ţȻ׼ȳϣ׼ڳϱɱǰһ˲䣬£Ƴɿܣ
ûѪɫȦ赲λʱ˳ޱȵ룬Цݸʢ˵ڿɻֹҵɣ
ɫȻҪ̣Ҿͳȫ㣡˵ţϳ˾Ļ棬ҲһǵѹϣֱǧɣǱϵĻԹҵһͿĺ󱳣нζ
ˣԶ˵һ䡰ллȻ󣬸ӷؽλڣȣǣ
̣
ͬʱҲ仯бԴһ֣棬ӦȽɣ귽棬ϱ㾭̣֮
Ҫ꣬͵־
˵ӿλ꣬ʶУƻ磬ҡΣһγɳȥϿƣԽԽ࣬ԽԽ󡭡
ϱ飬أֲЩҪС⣬Ȼ⣬Ĺ򡭡뵽һŭ𴫳
Ϣ֮һ˳
Ͽˣ۾ȻһЦ˵꣬û뵽ԶˣԹԵĹ롮У˵꣬󣬴һֱֻϵ
ꣿ
Ͼ׽֣ͻؾȣˣСѰЩɽ󴨣ΪѰл֮꣡ǰУȫ˻ֲֿܹ꣬л꣬˶֪ǣ뵽еģ¾ֻСһˣı֣ʵ̫ˣԽԽЩ᲻㣬ֻǣаϧϧ
ϱֵúܿҲûд󣬽汦˵ﴦ
ʱУһŻ£
̧ͷɫ䣬٣


1268 ٽ٣
٣
ϵ𾪣ڴﵽԸӵ۷֮ľʲô򣬾Ȼܹн֮٣ֻǽʥ߶֮Уκ˶ȥⱻ޹ٱϾһ㡣
ҲоһɲɿܵѹŻϢ䣬̧ͷȥŻ۾Ժ֮ок¡һը죬Ҫ˺ɷ飬ɻҡ
ʲô𣿡
оɣĿȴûаֻɢȻ֪ʲôΣȴǰδеŨϵܣ˵µŻ𣬾һ㡣
ţֿȻߣһҪ֮ľֵסǹѹȻ뿪
Ҳ
롭
Ļ𣬾ԽԽǹѹԽԽң˵֣ѾȻû뿪ϸǼһҪµŻ
ʱ˵繫㲻ڻ֮еĻжԶ˶ԶȻɻֵһվ棬ǻٵǿĿɲֹ
Ȼһʲô磬νܵһʥ֮Ŀסϣȫ䱸ţȻϺ뿪ǺģܺʥһԳ֣ƴնɱǰЩܣȻɱȥ
ûȻΪֻǶųϣţϣ㿹ù𣿡ϲΪܹڻлܲܶȹٵĿܣһ㡣
ǱߣҲǿƴɱѾˣĻ۾˸ĳ
Żü죬תۼ䣬λ֮УͬһʯӶ֮УһֻˮεĻ档
ǣ˿ȴըˣ
εĻ棬һ˲֮䣬ȫ˽ɫǸĻ꣬ҲͨɫһŽɫ׵ս
αǣ̤ȥ
µһɲǣսĺ󱳣ֱӸûˣǻѪҲڱʹóֻ뺿гɳϻסˣʶеƻ磬ֱѹ΢״̬ۿҪϨ
ףƻ磬ȫʧˣԣƴס磬֮ǺƵĴڣҲپһ룬ֻʣЩһǻС
Ͽҡҡͷж죬Ӳһˡ
Ⱦɵ޾ɫУ̺ǿƥĻֹ֮򣬽ԶЩԹʥȫѹסĻ֮Ҳ⡣
֮͸룬Ѫ⾡ôкָƣֻһ򣬳˫ֻۣʣ˹ͷѪ⣬һ飬һ顣
״Ŀġ
ģ壬ǹ⣬Ϊ󲿷ֵĹ򣬹⣬Ҫ
ȻʹΣ֮УҲûм汦壬ûʹɫ硢ȵȣûã϶޾ɫ棬ᶨţ٣Ҿ콵ԲԼĹ֮𡣡
᲻ɴݣ
ʶǵǻǼƣǿʢ֮£ܻɺڶ״
ڶһ֣ʱǽɫƸоʲô죬һ̤ϸǰһ£䣬Ѫ֮Էٻ٣һ˿޴棬һͷڷͻΪУʣµģֻһͷӣͷɢ֮С
Ȼȭͷý޲壬ȴٴҡҡͷ
кã棬˴棡˼ڣţ̧ͷŻ꣬˵̳һ
֮򣬴ǿ򣡷򣬻𣡡ɫȻ˹ĮޱȵϿЦõǿҪĲǿҪУ£ϣ죡
ƣԵޱȣһУ
ɣ
ɫٴһ£ϣȭԪҺӿѹɻʶǵ΢ڶƵʱһ£ǿʢƥ֮£ȭڶ֣ꡣ
䣡
ըУɫƲû£˳벽Ͽˣϻһҵġꡱǹͷѡ
ɳӲֹסӣٴѹ棬ʶ֮ǰƴڣ˽ȥ
󣬻ɫţ
飡
ɫһڳϣ߹Ǿ顣
ͬʱڶըڽɫؿڣɫ꾹ǵʮؿڣȥ
⡭
ˣϵ׺ˡ
ûаϲҲûȥϵƣ޾һȭһȭȥ


1269 ˮףһȥ
ŭ
꣬һ˵ǱǿƵĽɫ꣬޾ŭ֮УȫȻ벻һϰĴڣȻˣˡ
𡪡
ɫŭżϣֻƣȭͷ
ˣϱ񣬲ˣɫ꣬ҳȭȭͷȻʶŻ֮еƣ
飡
ɫ̶ֿϡ
顭
籩кܼ
ϻֻʣҪĹͷˣͷϣѺۣ
Ȼʶ֮Уǵǻ׳˲٣֮ǰƻ֮һƴڣҲЩǴǧ֮ЩƣȸʱҪҪ̡
ϲںѪʧͷѣĸûл𣬹ͷѪҺûиɺԣһдڣǲֻҪܶȹ٣ӭһڶҪ֮ڻʧѪ⣬ٴ
ڵһȻ̥ǣ̤֮·
̧ͷ˺ԽԽĽɫֿ꣬ݣҵģΨһһ·
ȥ
㲻Ҿʹ㳼
ȭԪƣȭѱѹ׵ĺڶ죡
ɫ֮ϣܱһͼϸ£ȭͷĨȥĴڡŵͬʱɫȭٻ
ž졣
ϷؿһĻֳһУ󣬶ӿһͷĪǣܶȹλ٣
뵽⣬ϲɾϲϣܶȹƳĿܣŻǿȻϳʥ֮٣ʮֵ𾪣ϲûнϷΪĶ֣رΪڶȹ֮󣬳ϾޱȵƾǸõĹͷӣӵóأ
ȻŷĳϣЩʧǱߣ顢µˣ޵ĳ֮Уη壬ǵﻹ˵ţպɣҲȥǴˣ
תۼ䣬žŰʮһȭҳ
ʶǵǻѾָСƲȫָݻ˸̵ƣÿһµƣ϶ԪҺĻԪ֮У
ɫķŭԾ춯أоҪϣԽսԽǿսԣһԽпƴɱսԽ洦㡣
սȥǿҪһ⣬ڣɫ궢ųϣûٴγɱȥ˫ֽգ죬˷Ľɫ棬ȫɫӿǷɽӵеĻ棬зɽ֮ǹеĻ桢Ԫ
һжĴڣӿ
Уһʥ֮УԹʥ֮𣬶˳ɫ۶ȥڵĻ֮򣬶˳
ɫ䣬ɵٵһǿһܶȵù𣿡
Ǹо˱仯ӿ֮£ķӦǣҸĹ֮ǰһȭʱ䣬˿̳ܻȭ
֮£Ҳڼٳɳţƴǵذӿڻ֮Уɳܹȭȭͷӣõٽɳ
ɫɢĻϢԽԽֲˣ
ǳϵĿٳɳýɫеľɫ겻ȥ˿̣ɽУûһ˿棬ЩʥڵĻԪ֮Ҳһ˿档
ɫѳʵʻһ𣬼ϡ
Σ˲鲼ϹͷϽ֮еƣǻԪ֮ܣͬʱѹһһ顭
ڽɫĹֻ֮ʱϹͷ֮ϣͻֳˮ֮⣬̶һˮײģڳϡ
ԶϿȻֵˮײģ۾ǲŵĿ⣬һɱȻٸǿҵΣУײģһڹײģϣôģ
ǸɣٴθԺ
Ȼǣ죬ϲϡ
ˮܻסںдҪɫһȻʲô¶ңɫڿײĵ˲䣬Ҳһ͡
Щ϶֪
ȻȴǴˮףһȥ٣ҺΣһ仰Զ֮־ƴ֮ɹ֮ڳһɰԵޱȵ⣬ֱ
֮ʢɫ꣬һҡΣϣԾȥ
ʶǻ⣬˲ɳȭͷСݻ䣻ޱȵسڳϵϾϲЩݻƣ˽ȥ
£ˮ׵ʧˡ
ûȥˮΪʲôôʧֻƸۣӭŽɫǿһȭ


1270 ǻټ
ˮ׻ȴֱϸ˻ȥ
ǧһ֮ʣⱩʢ֮£ʮ
ոսԪУɫͬһʱ䣬Ѿѹ״Сĺڶ⣬ɫ꣬ݺײһ
䣡
ĻֱȻܡǵĶʧңǵ⣬Ǵ̵Ųۣڡ
Ŵˣ֪浽ôˣһ
ǳϱȻʧܣ
ǣǸɫˣ
ϵ֪ϾԶȲ٣ǣϵֱȴϺпܻɹԣ׼ţ׼ŵĻȸ
˿Ļ棬Ǵźڶȭͷغ䴩˽ɫţɫʮָնϹͷ֮Уʹ֣ȴԽɫ꼥˵νĻ𣿡
ɫ֪ԼˣǳԻػصģǽ첻һ죬ջΪأڣߣ
ʲôҪ˵ģϽţ
ʶеŻ棬ѾȶȭͷСҡҷǶڳϵĻ֮򣬿ʼǹͷӿȥһһԿ̣ʥϢǳʥϢûоʹͣͣԽԽŨнʥ
ѣ㣬޾ֱһ̣ϵĽɫԽԽλ棬š
ѣҪģ
Цݲ䣬̽콵ĹȻ򣬲ΪãǣȴԴнҳ㣡
㲻ǵһߣҲһߣȺǣͬһǾͬģǾǻն𣡳׵׵Ļ𣡡
ǣΪʲôߣ
£ЦһȺϣξ壿
𣿡
Ļ֮ѾÿһͷӿӿԪҺѪ
Ѫ
ÿһѪÿһ˿⣬̺Ż֮
Ѫٶȣǳ֮죬ֻǼϢĹ򣬲ѪˣЩѵĹͷҲٴϣ
ƤȥëȻЩƤëҲ̺Ź򣬳ϵƤǰȽûʲô仯һͷڷȴ˽ɫ
ת֮䣬ϾͲǹͷӣѪ⣬һˣ
ѪеľͨǺǰһģһΨһľǣͣǿ
ɹˣ
Ŀ˳ϵı仯¶֮ɫЦлл㣡
ǿǻġ
ֱӽ仰ˣ˵ˣʶӦҲһĴڣʲô֣
ɱҵġЦˡ
һָɫ꣬ˣͻɣһ䣬򻯳ǧ棬ˣŴµĻ棬ڳϵĹˣ
Сӣǻټģ
һɲǣôһ仰üͷ΢壬仰ͼڴ½˵ɫ硭
ţ΢üͷֳ𾪣
ϸղ̽˳ųָӿ룬ȻʶȭͷСĻ棬ܻµƣЩܻĻ֮ȫͬ
ָоͺЩ򣬱ʶĻ棬һ㣬ȻֽԼĹʵ
Ҳ̣ѣϣ
Ͼ˲̧֮ͷ죬ЦҺڴļ棡
һ̣ɢϢʣʥ
ǳʥнף
ܿнʥĪϵϱţڻһ̵ĸܡ
ʧˣ׼ȷ˵Ǳˣˣָ֮ǰմӵص׳ģһ꣬عߵݣ
·𣬳Ͼǳϵĳ
Ӧ֪ʲôɣ
ϼ򡱣ߵף̶ڽС
ˣлۣ
٣ʱ򣬲Ҵ֮򣬳ɾнʥҼлõһγ׵׵ĴڵӦӲƴ˰ɣ
˶ջ񣬵ȴûһ˿ɣԾĳأΪսûнǱߣ񣬳Ͻüһ۳ɫս£ǻŴ汦壬֣ͬʱѭپʮ֮󣬡ߡ̤Ǳߣ
һɲǣȫУ¡¡ıӵصϵشɽʼӸˣϾɣɹˣ
ʱ˫֣նȥ


1271 Ԫɢ
¡¡
ը˷ɽ׻ˣ
һը촫Ͼֱ֪ˣĶȹ˻٣ԥأʲôҲᣬҪǿ֣Ƚϸ˵ٵĳ֣ײĵĳ֣гнʥϢѾ֮Уٳ⣬ϳûˡ
ɱǰʱϴԱ߼䵽һԥģ汦壬ǳĵʮһͬʱս񣬰ӹ飬зһã
ǣϴ󣡡
ӸϣеƬǱĴڣȴֳҲûУֱӽƬӸ˳ϣһųϣţֻд˵дڵĻٶҶȹ鲻򣬻˭ƬͷӲãҪҲס
µʮ
Ƭµʮ
ϲʮǶҪƴҪ̷ħĴڣڣʮԳ˵ȫС˼ȡǿ飬µʮĲӦϵʮĿǣ
۾һ֣ľȻȴһתûע⵽ȡͷͷ棬Ƭϧϻܽ뿪
ЩʱȻԾϲ֮ɫӿʮԲʥĿܣܡ˾Գ֣Ҳʩչµ۾ȴųϵӰղһ棬һϯǿŷģ׵ضˣˣˣҪѰˣ
һʱ䣬ʮ߿ܵѹס
꣬ҲǽӽʵĿѪɱһ꾡еƴˣҲҪܸסȥųϣ϶ȹ٣𾪣ǾԵĴڣ
Ϊȹ٣ضޱȣȴû϶һ֮£ó˳ȥתųϲµӿһϤĸоϣҷǳ㣬ٸһᣬңѪػȥȻҾΪһʬ⣡
Ҳ壬һֻڰеСè˵ţﻹ𾪣оͷ΢΢ڱĳ˼ɹͷˣʶɣ
仯Ϻܿͽ֮Ժ󣬼ͷƬ۳öܽ룬ôҲûΪЩȫ󺣣Ӱ٣ƺƬǹͷһ
ԪҺ磬ͬãͬһȥأľˣͷѵǱˮ׸صĴڣ
ţȴַˣڵУʲôܽ߷ֿ
ⷬ뷨ʱ䲻һϢѣ˵ϣһԣȹ٣ʥ֮ʵ
δ£һŹ֮ϣϲܣɹ֮ײڣɣĹȴʶŻˣݻЩµƴڡ
ңӿԹãϲ֪ĻԹǺõģֻǣǹΪϵĴڣ
ܺã
ѹ𾪣̾һһ֮ɢϢƿպХϾȭѹ֮򣬡ȭ״Сĺڶ˹֮
ٵĻ֮򣬹Ȼͬ죬Ʒ׶ԣڶԹ֮ϣӵ޵ķչռ䣬ֻϧĻ̫֮СˣͬӤʵ̫ˣ
˵һϯһָƣ
ʱ֮ڶ֮УҪڶնƣѹϸղ˵ʵģ˵ԺһлĻ֮ȷʵͬӤĴڣȻ֮У˽𣬵ǹ֮Ȼڲо档
ϽάźڶѹźڶΪڶѹҲܴҪӿ֮ʱԺȴȻֽɫٻĻ档
ʱ
ǳӤҲնɱģ˵ȵ֮𣬹֮𣬻
մϵĶϱоڵĻ֮ڱȡ֮ͬǰɫȡԪͻ֮һľСô˵ز
ͬʱƴѹԼĻ֮򣬲óϳȡЦ˵ãһӤܹöһصΡ֮ɽ𣿡
𣿡
һʣȵһ֮壬Ԫɢ
£ڵĻԪɢһգдеĴ˲˿ľΪ
ϴ󾪣֮ȴҲҪԪ֧ţԪʧ֮ͬ޸֮ƼٲܱɽƱֽһţ

Ͽ֣ڵĻ֮򣬱ȡһգ
ƣ
ҲǴȳ֮ǡ


1272 
֮ǣǺòײűѹ״Сĺڶ˲Ǵ󵽾ףǺڶУѷ֣ڶ顣
ʱڵĻ֮򣬾ϳȡעУڶͣ
֮ǰǳӤĶ򣬲Կ֮Թ򣬵˿̣ЩڵĻԹھϼӹ֮ȫǹ֮˵
ǡ꣡
ǹ֮ѵڶٴαѹС֮Ȼڳϵƴѹ£״Сȹ϶ųϣЦʹѹ߼취ŹͷƬ
ת֮䣬ڶףֻá顱һ죬֮飬ڣȭ϶Ľ֣ƺ̫⣬ֻĮ´˳ϣҵľϲʵ̫ˣոʥ֮㾹ȻܳȡҵĻһʱ䣬㽫ɳҸߵľ磬ֻϧʶʱ㣬עҪ䣡
һϯ˼ȻȰϳȻóϳģʶϵİǹ֮󣬾ǳϳҲҽܣ
ֻ߽־׵³ϡ
ϳһЦ˵ʵʶʱģң㣡㲻Ϊеģ
ţĻ˵Ի˽𣬵ǺֶΣԹأĻҲܿ𣿻ģ
˵֮䣬һɽ¡
پȭȴǡȭǼлڿУסɽ壬Ͽûа㼥Цȡ֮أޱأ߽𡢻УѾУ޾أǰЩȻֻͨȴУһꡣ
˻򾿾̺֮ǰѾʶֽۣһ״ϵ۾ֱֱ
նеһĻԼԪһľ飬һһȵлۣкһ𣬽ˮ
תڣ
ᷰɽ꣬׽ƽ꣬ˮˮ꣬ڤľ̫ľ꣬з֮꣬ԭ˴˶Ļ꣬˿̷·Ϊһ壬ֱ˴ˣ
кһлȫڵɲǣҲٳɳһâϼгնֹȫͬĹâɢֲ𣬺ɽ塣
һ̣ڵԪҺлȡ
䣡
ʩչķɽ壬屬ˣӰ١
һĻϾѾ˼Ѱлܵǧֵ࣬ˣϾԿĹǿǰδе׳٣
;еһƬأϿ٣
ɽ屻޵˲䣬ǹâҲ켴ɢڵԪҺڿݽ֮״΢΢ԾлһȷʵֲҪҲһǳֲĴڣԴԴϵҲЩס
ԪҺݽߣƬҶ¶飡
ǣЩ¶飬ԳһηлĹΣֻջлͬʱ뵽̷ħֻ֮ʲô
ϣֻʣŷħϾŷħԶԸĺˣ˼ת統ƷħϻƷħҩģƣȴһһθˡ
룬ҲЩʵΪϿ϶ƻǣϲûоʹ˷ţüǳǳȡʱ䣬ӶûƳħֻǣͷ
ͷš
ԺֳӦ֣뵽굱ľµĹʯ֮УӦȱʧһ֣ϲԾȻϣĪǣͷҲһӦһͷĴڣ
ȻʣϵѾǿ϶
ʱҲлƷɽľ˻Уع֪лǿȴûϵǿֵزͬʱҲҪһУĵԹ
϶ųϣ˵ȹ٣Ȼûǳ㣬Ҳеԭˣֻ۹򣬽ֻһ治ܽôãƿռ䣬ռ֪֮㣬ûֶΣڿռѷ촦ӳأ
˵ţֻռֱӱһѷ죬ռ֮к̤һһն£նڶռѷ졣
ϼ̤
ۿţȻ汦ʩչһǣϾ汦ʹˣ̫ԣ򲻵֮ʱϲ汦壡
ŹͷȻҧָѪڹǡ


1273 
Ѫڹͷϣ˲͸ȥ֮ǰҪǿз뿪һ󺣣˿˻
ͷʮ֮󣬳ֽѪƬ֮ϡ
ţţѪΪģһᾡһܣѰзɢĹͷԭ㱾Ŀ
һͷǲ
һϷоϲ˵ڣҪǷֿһ֮
䣬ͷƬ룡
ȥϲϽͷӳ˿̣ǳѵʮŲ
ڹͷƬֿһ˲䣬һ˿֮У˳һۣɱ֣ѾѡһΪУ;ɳĻᣬвԼ˵УӵǿȹٵĳϣƳɿܣãǣ浽²Υһ߿ܣֱӽնɱ
ֻǣǿˮףЩ˼ɣ
ڲҲڲ󣻳ϲǳԸϡϲϲǿռѷȡռ֮֮
϶Գ˵ܱƵʹһУӦúԺ
ֻǸտʼѡ
ϴʣҲϵͼǿռ֮ѷ촦ӿһһʣµƬӳȥʮǳӦϣõһҲоЩƣҪǶȹһλ٣Ͽ϶֧Ų
ǳ𣡡
ųϺ£ǳ󱬷ǿǹ⣬ֵסԽԽŨĿռ
üͷ壬ǳ㲼ǳ֪ǳȫһѵ˵ӵСûȥһƬ΢һ˼ֹͣԿռѷ첼һΣצɭȻǹҪǳ˺ƣ

һأûлǳ󣬿ǣǳײôΪǳĳϣû͸ǳ֮άܣȫ֮άֵĳϣҲɿһѪ
Ī⣬ʮŲǳҲȫ䵲סţиһ󵨵뷨Ǳߣ˵ǳ̫ˣ뿿Ȳ
˵꣬ϼ˺һռѷ죬ռѷĴСȡλõȵȣǾļģû˺ռѷ죬ܣҲң
ΪռѷҲһ˫нɱеͬʱп˵Լ
ռѷ컮ǳеĳϣоĪѹһ˷ӿǿҪһǳķѣһǴѷ֮йĿռ֮ڽǹ⣬ŲͷƬȵģ
ͷƬЩϵǲôģǣռ֮ɱǹֻɱķݣɱǹ⣬ڴųϵ
ƣϲٵ飬Ǹ󵨵뷨ʵӰζߡ̤ȴ̤ǳĵڶʮλá
ϣҪ
˵ȹ٣ǿʮʮŲǳҲûиоǳĴʹȴҲһ൱Σյ飡
ǣѾƵ·˵ĵزȻܽ󵨵뷨ʵ̣ˮף
֮ǰȻ٣ϺˮףҪԼ֮ȹΪԼĻԲҪٲʹˮףǾȫɵˣ
һ̤վڵڶʮ
ʱѪɽѪ֮Ѻ۳֡
ǹǳ֮ܣܲ˵ط룬ϸоŨıըΣͬɳĮ֮УЩɳ۳ɵʯըõһ㡣
ȵȶһӿϣֿǳܣܵģǳܣǿռ֮Ű
ͬʱǹ˲٣ǹٶȣҲǴΪ͡
ϿҲ𾪣Ϊϵĺݶ𾪣ǳ֪󣬽Ҫʲô˵ҵҪжֶܼʱ䣡
ſ𣡡
Ϻȳռ֮ӿϱѷ죬ֱ˺䣬Ѫⷭ
ϻסǹɲҽУ˫תһ¯֣Ȼ¯ȫɻ֮γɣҩһһŽ˻¯֮С
Ҫʲô𣿡üͷ壬ԽԽˣʱѰ·к𣿡
ԶȻѾռϷ磬һڿܸѹסǣǰսȴһֶ岻ϣһɭȻĺڶӿ˾⣻ɿ֮ǹɾ⣬ȻȻʧˣȡ֮ΣֻҪдڣǲʲô¶
һԥ֮ҪʲôҶóѣδ䣬һ壬ֱײϡ


1274 
壬ɱڣ
֮ǰ֮ʱϻܼлкһ䱬壻ɴ˿̣󲿷ǳУﻹлڡ
Թɵķ壬źεˣ֣ΪҲǾ춯أ˵˿Ǵ⣬óϽȥͬʱҪ˳ϣóʧȥսñ£ɿܡ
ô죿
˼תԹǵסģ۳ɻûãڶĹؼʱ̣Ķ֮ܣҲǰܼģ汦ҲУܽȡҪȡǳңǿռ֪֮Ҫһѷ죬Ȼɥȴ֪ҪηɲǳԸģ
ʲôܹסɽ壿
ϽԼĶȫһ飬ǻһʥӣܽȷɵ֮⣬ȥķ壬Ǵǰ׷ѣ
֮⣬ǺɫƣǣɫƻŴܣȻǰأֻǺɫܲܵסûеףȥģ
һЩʲôһ࣬Ҳã
ʲô
Щ˼㶼ڵʯ֮䣬ʳʱϮϲټ˼ȥоϵѭһڶأڰҲĪܣ
ţѾ֣ԡڰ㡱ʽת
ֻ˲ɳĶ
Сֻ̫ǿǷײֻһͣͽײɢȻǵڶԣԡ
ô˼϶ּĶ
ϿĻ棬ɫ߶΢ҾͲţôѣܼһһҵķ壬ֻһ
壬ײȥ
ϱ֤߱ƷħҪľȷ߽תﻹţ˵Ϭϸǿ˵ڻ΢סȥҽǴĲ
ϿϼٶȣԻһЦţķӿŷӿǹ֮Ҳȥ
죿죿
ϼţԺ︡ȻԺڰת»ɫڵ棬һһգһһ෴ˮ𣬲ͬˮᣬңǻγˮ
ͷּˮˮȣԸ߳һЩϲ֪ԼƶĻ֮йأ
ϸţڰ壬ֻͣǴ˿̳ûеһΣ
΢㶣ŭҺϻ
£ǹ֮ŷ壬϶ΪһֹڣˮҲǵ֮ס
侪ңһҪǲôһֶΣǲŽмأ
˿̣ˮУϵ˼ѾɢȥˮУǷأᣬңʱ
У׶¡ֱ䣡
ϾֱСʲô
ⲻ֪Ҳھ֮УΪӦΣվƣ֮϶õɫ磬⵹óϳԾģϳԾǣķܣͨķܣȻǰ㣬֮ܣоõȻϢһޣͬһԴ
ϲǣ˷Ȼ
ʱ˹֮ķ壬ײһ𣬺¡һը죬ǷȻֱӸ飬ͨʯͷشҵķһ
ô
ϲɼȳ壬ֱӽǳضٵĴڣȴģٿǷ֮󣬷ֻǱС䵭ûʧ⸱棬һϵģ⵽ʲôط硢ס
ͬ𾪣ǣȴԼףЧģҪľɫ磬зԡڰ㡱ʽתΪǰɫҲûչֳϲ²⣬ǰɫܣԡڰ㡱Ϊţɫܿк
ϲţּ˹֮ķ壬ÿһ壬ըѽ֣
Ȼ˷壬ǣϷ֣֮ڵɫ磬ɫڱ䵭ͬģϸоҲڼ٣ϼţ֧ŲסģпԼ
÷סûٳ֡
ΣûнţּҩݣԼʲôõĵƣϣݵˣ
Ӱ˺ռצף˺ȥ


1275 ѵǻģ
չֳֶֹΣϲˣȻ֮ǰ϶ȻʱʹЩֶΣȻ׾٣
ϱԡſ󡱺ľ֮ܣٽƳɿܣǣ֮ҪƳܵ뷨ȥ
ӿģɱŨŨɱ
ԣȥǴɭצ׵ȭͷһһңץȥϲϵͼ֪Ƿ˵ܹƹ򣬿ܹ˺ռѷ˫ǰʤ㲻
˷磬˷ȫ˺
ģҲģǣ֮ǰϵĹûе֮ǰƴˮһ˳ȥ
Ķ֮ɱ

ϵ˫֣ոһץֻͱըͬʱըģˮǿܱƥֱײţϾȻ˻ȥ
ܣ
ϴȣţ֮£Ѫ۾ǲ˼飬Ҫ·߽ޱȵķҪֿǿķܵˣɣֻؿڶҪըһѪӳ
ʲôܹ飬ըҲӵôֲɱŶԣ棬ֳʲôӣ
Ͽϣһ̣е󣬱ɲ
ü䣬ҲţҲû뵽ôܣԼоˮһͬըʱƺ쳣ڵ䡣
ףˮϣڣɻ棬Ӧĳߴ
ϲټȥϷ֮ʣˮ⣬˽ľգľᡭ
һɭȻֵĸµݣЦݣ¶ģǽƳɿܣǽնɱڶҪˣҪҪЩؼȫΪԼֶΣ
ЩֶΣʥսʥ࿹ӵֶΣҲ壡
ţٴ˺ɱȥոտ뱬û˺ѿռйֲܣΪ˿̣ҲڡſУ˺ѷ죬ǿɾͽſ󡱸ˣͬʱɿֲܣѷü󣬶Ϊ
ǣռ֮Գ壬ǰûԤϵǰ˸ֲʱԿռ֮ԣϵӲٵˣǴԭأըĿֲܣת֮Ҫռ֮Եɾ
Ϸɿʱ䣬Ű취ٵʧţɫɫЩļĶţӣĲ
ֹͬʣɫܲٵĻɾҪֱϵĹҪ汦𣿡ԼǿԼ侲ҲܾԼϳű֮ʹſռ˳ҩݷ¯һˮףˮ׿϶ܵסϵĹ
ˮοԼᵽˮףԼϣһˮͬһطСŮСŮ񵱳ǲǾ޴ܱУܵݲ֮Ȼסׯܵһ
뵽ϾͽСŮȡ˳СŮǾף϶ЩԼһôһܣСŮܹס
ôСǸöã
һ̾ϢʶؽҪСŮ֮У룬ţʵڲУƴһˣ
ǡ꣡
ţ϶һ΢ͷȥǽСŮŵЩǧѺۣˡ
ͬʱϻо֪٣ٶȣ͵ؼӿ죬˸оСŮƵġ
⡭
ˣоСŮϵڿٵȥʧɢ΢ܽСŮڸУڱ
һó𾪵뷨͸ڳĪǣĪСŮģǻģǣǻģôܱװ봢ָأָɲװ
˵Щţȴûֹͣ룬Ӵȣٲ㣬עСŮ֮ǰСŮȫסıѾˡ
𾪵ͬʱǼסˮľٶȣûϰ֣ƷħҲûгϲ
ϿóСŮΪóһɱʱԥӴԽԽдȥ
ͬʱһ˹֮ķ壬俪


1276 ˫һ
̶ʱ֮ڣϾӿӴСŮ˿̣ѾоСŮϵоģԽԽŨĲ
Ѳǻģ
²⣬ڳ֮ȥֱСŮӦǻġ
ָܴֻһ˵ҲûĴڣͱ˽˵ߣһ˵СŮڱ˵ڴָģԣܹװָ֮СϸԼһɡ
ǻģǲ֪ɽ֪һЩأٵ֮࣬ϴôĵͼɶûǱߵĵͼҲûҵλã磬пܾǱߣҪСŮܻһС
ʱϴܣ˷壬æ꣬ķѾһʱ
ټ֮һն£ܸģ崩˷꣬˲䣬صڳϣ̲סۡ³һѪ
ϣһƬѪģ
ϻŷħĻ¯ɱΣҧƴ¯άס켴һҩݣ㿿ˮ׵סһ󣬽Ƶķħŷħһ̷
󣬾ط
һƷħľ飬û¯ʼմڱƥ״̬ǻ֮ҲҪ౩ж౩Ҫңжҡ
רעŷħƵĳϣûע⵽ǿѪǡòõأСŮϣȳϷֳһ˿СŮϣҪ봢ָʱѪ͸СŮƤһĻ
ţϿǼˮͫϵĽë£ϵԼǲǿˣʹգգۣͬʱɨȥۿȥ
ǽëȷʵ
⡭
ϲȷСŮǻģģɸһ֣Ͼ͸оԱɱУɱлδǿֲϢѾ͸롣
ȴצ״ҪƬѪģ˺ϵӣ
һ̣һƣСŮڻƣҪܵһ˺ɱ뻳һ˲䣬СŮ۾͵ˣ
ϵĿ⣬СŮĿ⣬ԣӡ
ȻСŮϣ˿˿֮ɫǣЦˣѣ
ϿСŮЦҲųЦݡ
أСŮЦסɱӿ֣תԴһ˫ɱϣǼצϺѪ֮еһɲǣСŮ˫һɣ۾â
ǹâһ˵ĸо
âƹϣϵ۰򴦣
ʱһҽУϵĺƺצѾѪеϣæͷȥֱֻۣӱ۰ˢˢնˣ壡
Ǻɫ·Ҳͬն
նϵֱ۴ȴһѪûн

ٴβҽгɨȥɨϵĲ״ޱȣûȥϣǵһʱ俴СŮֻСŮԭѾ۾ֽˣǺɫҲǱò԰ޱȣǲֳȥʧӰ
СãѣСá
Уžţߺţ߽ӿǣСŮ״ȴûаתãԼ˼ָɽѪܣѪӿСŮڡ
ȻϢСŮȻǰַӦҲޡ
һеʱȴ޾־֮УâֱնֱۣҪâǻ࣬Դһ̣ͻˣ
ŲڳϺ󱳵ֱۣԱ־ռݵϣǰ£âٴĵ
ô˶ֶΣҪֶΣ
ϲȡֱۣһ׳ǲڴ˴ȥһóʲôɾˣЩĴڣ˵ޱȣҲҪȥð
ԣתˡ
ǣ֮ǰϻһ߳һţҲ߳һռ䶴һžĴȣſ󣬱꣬ϱӡ
פ㲻ǰ֮ʱϾͽСŮŽȻٴη˽ȥȻ󣬽һ¯Ҳѹħ
ѹ֮ʱſˣЩҷֲĿռѷ죬ʼצ˷ӶȥֲĿռ֮ȻйǵЩѷӵһһƬռ䣬ٴγһڶ̽ȥĺڶ
һѪը˳½˸ոս¯ѹķħ
ħֻһţȴȭͷСѪ⡣
Ͻץŷħһ£αţŭӣûôף


1277 ֮
ħɣֻһţһأƵķħȴоſţֻǣſŻֲǰһţΪʲôϸ붼ûȥ룬ֱӽħһԶ̷ȥ
ϾԲϾߣϣҲҪϸ޴ĴۣСŮոϱΪСŮţΪп֪Щܶڴ
Ȼת֮䣬СŮصĻ֮У֪СŮ֮ȫΪմӳ˯۾СŮâ϶Ǻľеп˼ԣʱֻ˹ȥ
һȣһڱϿƵʥԺʱҵʹʹǸϽʹɱУ
ȻӦǿ죬תʱ򣬾ͽһֱƻܵġӿʩչȥܾ֮ϵĺڰ㽻֮ٴǰֻǰɣ֮ǰ屶
ʩչšӿͬʱȻڴϵַȫ仰Ҫܾ˵൱ҪĴڣȻͷǹɾʹǿ˰ٱһ仰᲻Ǿɣ
ȻҪû˿ңûˣʲôûˣǺʥи׵ķȫϡ
ʧȥֱۣʧȥһ׳ϣȻȻܹ˺ռ䣬ȴûǰôɣΪ֮Ͽǰ˫ߣҪ߳һѷ죬ֲܸȥǣȻĴֹͣߵĶ
ɽһƬصĿռ䣬ѾǱܴݲУȶҪһܽӿȫĿռӶЩȵȷըпܵ´Ŀռݣһռ䣬ȫɺڶ
Ļǵòʧˡ
ˣϴ߶ڵһǽΧԼǰǽǽԹԹ𣬵
䣡
ݺײǽϣǽҡּʮѷ죬һը飬ǣǽȴûоʹȫȥ˵ȻķϬĹҲһ㣬رǽֹ϶Ϊһ
ţǺ¡¡಻ըȴȷˣһ£нԵĹ֮ǽֱӱƷˣϻըˣɫò԰ף³һѪ
ܳɱ
ϸϽȣ켴ӿӣЩΧȥɱˣĿܣȻס˿̵꣬ޱȣҲϲ˶ʱˡ
Ȼȴڿδǰһγϵ·ϣȣ繫ֻҪÿҾʹӦһ£
ƣ
ȻֱӼһУ
սޱȣǱߣƸӽţ
ħҩЧʼڱ֮ǰڵе֮ڵģȫȡһգǿСĸӿ
αǣת֮䣬ʹ֮ߣǳ϶ȹһλ٣ֻŷħҩͻҪ˳ϴ˷ħ˳̷ܹ֮⣬˸ͲܣҲңû㹻֧ţȥĽǻ
ϵʵڱǣ
֮ʣ˾ſ󣬿ռֱ֮Ҫ˺ǧ飬ǶʮǳҲ֮סڴ˿̣Էֱǳ󣬽߿Ƭ֣˸תó汦壬ѭߡ̤ת׷ɱȥ
һͷȾѪĽ𷢣ϻϵֱۣ˺ۣɢϢŨɱڿռѷУȥǿһռ֮ٲǣǿռ֮ȴӳϲµ󷨣ն룬˺ųϵӣ汦ûбȫҲǲܽռ֮ȫֵ

һѿȴռѷһγһʮɿĺڶ汼кĿռֱ֮ӽԭĹ
̧ͷȥľӵĿܣѾˣ겻ҪĿ֮УҲɱȻѪڣҪסϡ
֮ӿ
˫Ѫ죬ֱӽսƬҲ˽ȥҲٺķ汦ϣ͵Ѫ֮ϵǸȥ
ΪȴǳҪԼΣյľأܵв֮أˮ׳Щռ֮ȥ
սһսϣѪⱬɣ
ϴȥ
ռѷһ𣬾ڳӿҪɣʣµЩѷ죬Ҫڳ֮ɲǼ䡭
ˮף֣


1278 㣡
ϽԼ֮أƵˮֺǿռ֮ȻʧޣΧЩռѷͿռ֮һӿȵĻ棬վ֮ȴǷҲƽҲ
ϲʩչߡĿռѷУտ֮ǰǡſ󡱵еѷһ𣬺ƴĿռ֮¶ϯǱƴɱȻϡܺʥܵӰ졣
Ψгϣˮ׻Ȼ壡
˿̣ϵӣߴɣѪ۵ļ⣬߸¡һͷ𷢣ҷ裬ֻһ˲֮䣬ϱ
л򣡡
һȣ£лڣâֱ֣ϣ
ڳϱ֮ʱϾ͸оĲԾڳܴǱޱȵĿռѷ߳һαˣǲսһֻӡ
ǣҪӣҲô׵ģǰ·׷
ʩչһֵסȻĹͬʱ˫У˲ʮ壬ϣһǼ䴫˳صĺȻǺܲ١
лڼĹâ֮ԻΪޣʮ壬ȫҪޣϾֱ֣߶ǰʲô֮󣡡
ǰ㻭棬ûо֣˫۱նʵ£־壬ȫӣʮ壬ʼ壬ʵ½֮һ
̷ħóϵʵʮ֮£ЩȻ˸飬ңâ÷ȫ֮󣬻ûɢٴϹȥ
ͬʱǧԪڤ٣ɲϣϼϿѹţϴţҪǿס
ֻǣǿܿȨϵãƲˣһɣԪڤѾβס˵ֱ۴Ϊ
˵ˣʵҪЩԪڤ٣Ҳʲô¶һԪڤپȫըѿǣԪڤٸձը٣µԪڤֲϵӣϲԴԴϡ
һ߲ͣԪڤ٣һ߽˿󣬽Щȫڳϵǰ棬ϣһϳϵĽŲϼ״ֱһʥ˴оɱ󣬽ڵ˲һա
ͬʱֽ󱳲ŵֱ۸˳Ȼ硢֮ѹ룬צӡǣһɶֱסֱ۵Щܿȥ
˺ѿռצףʵһ㣬ЩŴԲʥʵĿϣֱѺۣϿֱۣ¿˫ţһʱ䣬Щܾͱ˸䡣
ϿһĻֱѪˣֱۣȻʹãһɳ嶯ֱۣ׳ȻܹԼ˫ǣֱۣôܱȵԭģӼΪǢֱأ
Ͻɳ嶯ӲѹҲȥкݵ˳һҪֱգҾնԴߡ
ŵʱȫȻɽҪƳɿܵǰᣬϽŴȵ
ģȻǿܡ
ʮ߿һֲͬܿѣԱǸռӶը˲٣ǣԳ˵ȫãΪǻסˮףûɢ
һȣתӣθոƶ͸оɱֱڣɱģǹɰţţˮףǵʲôڣʮ߿ԱȻ˲
ϸоɱȴ׼ӭս뿿ϵǼ£סϹٽӡ
ֱۣ㣡
ɭֱǳ㣬ֱϺ󱳣ɫһͣȷʵǣһצ׷ǹ֮޲
ۣۣ
Ѫֱ۲Ϻ󱳣һҽУֱͣۺͳӳ죻ϽھɸߵĳǰСһֻϡ
ϿХȭ
һȭ䣬ȭʱϽħȫѹǼĺڶѹף׺ڶҲԽϸ֣
ˣ
ڶ£ȭͷУǰ񱼵ϣֱ䣬һȭֱϵŸλãұҳѪۡ
ʹ
ʶֻ֣ҳһ֮󣬾֮Ѿؾɣϲûоʹס֣Ӹ£ֱϮȥȭͷһμ
ƴҲˣֻܶıֶˡ˫֮ϣڹ˸˫Źռѷ죡
³˾Ѫ


1279 ֪ˡ
ռѷȻ֣ռ֮йϣһٲֱգռ֮ڡٲ֮УһͷͷצѪڵĹޣɢ׶񡢻ȵ˿ֲϢ
ϲܲˣһ£ˮ׻ӣܶôֲϢ棬ߡٶȼ죬תۼҪ׷ϣֱɫϸʺѪҺȵӡɱ
ٲϵĽϾȥͬԲͲ״һأҪٲȴһ֮ųϣóȥˮҲ޶Եģûн
ûлֻ֪ϣҪϸӲشۣߣϣ˸ʲôӣ
벻Ҿͽ俪
˵֮лɫ磬֮еǵӿһ𣬼̶ѹ˶ȭͷϣѪܱ𣬶ٲϵٶȣԽԽ죬Щռ֮˽ȥҲɢӡ
ңϻо⡰ٲÿϾһ磬ͻʮ֣ЩĿռ֮ˡӡɱһ֣
ٲԽԽֲϢԽԽŨҪϸӡڡٲ֮УȭͷѪ
ʩչӡɱϣŲһģӼΪѭӣǣ뿴˿˿룬ϣһСӡɱܽϸ£µĻõģޱȵط
ǣʶֶֹεϣҽеϣڡӡɱϣ³ʣ׼һԾѪѭ
תӣǣǸߴӣڼСɣɣɣһɡ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ͼͻָԭ״ϾȵؿһĻûСɫأŵΣյϢֱӡɱܵסϣСǲ˵ҩʵȫһԸˣ
ϵֱո֮ʱٲǰһ𣺡𡪡졪ȭ
һȭƴȫѹ׵ĺڶ͵˲֪ٿռ֮ġٲ棬ʱ¡ը죬նٲֱ򴩣ռ֮ҷɳġٲҲݱѿһƬ֮Уֱϡ
ڶûɢЩҷĿռ֮˽ȥ
ϴ󺧣˲ȥϵĺڶǿҲûȥתֱм㽫Ѫ³ͬʱϺ£Զ䣬Ҳѧճˣȱ˺·
Ȼûܼˮף˲ӣɽ죬ˮ׻ӣߣȴܣһĳϣٶȳ죬ת˲Ҫϼӣ֮졣
Уλδȥдȣ׺ڶֱϣ˲ײؿڣը˿˽ըѪģ֮⣬ǺɫߣҲըڿգǲϵ˫Ҳըˡ
ǡʱϴ˳㿴һųɫӵ´ŵôķףԴϵͷ߷ڣұ߷ס
Щ϶ֻһζ۾ģǸ߸Ķͷмһ֣ȥһ䡱֡
䣿
иϺȵǹѭ
һ䣬ϵӣͬâһ㣬һûȥĳϣһգüϣĳֹϵ
ţһץǺɫ߸ץģǹѭѭǹ⣿˼֮УˮףҲʧϸо˼ת뵽֮ǰӱ֮ʱˮҲűǣСˮҲС
ˮף᲻СŮʲôϵ
һǰδеƴɱ֮ϣСŮĳ֣ת۵㣬ҪСŮֻ¾ˮףֶߡ
ʱϵ޾ӿ̷֪ħĺ֢뵽⣬ǿȭͷСķħָڳԺ
ϳʮ⣬һ˿ѪɫҲޣ˺ۣҪǱжǱԪˣޱȣһԵڵأ뵽ȥɽʱʮ㣬ܽŪ֮䣬ǣ١СŮˮ׵һϵеվȻĶӣܵȵȶûˣϺݵ֪ˣ֮ʱ͸ýϣȻնɱͲȹ٣Ͳá˵Ļ䵽㾳ء
ֱӿһһϣ˳𣬲죡һᱨģšԹ£ֻصԼĿǰΣ֣ҪģҪһ֮أָƣҪȻһ̵״̬һҪҵ
¶ȥϵֻȫѰҿ֮أ˴칦ҵһ֮ȣٲɣ˽ȥ
ϲ֪У֮⣬һ֮ˣ


1280 ͬѰ
߽УһѰ֮󣬷һƬأ˼֮Ͼ֮أ֮£ΪˣȴҲձ󣬺Ϣص֮УҶӣûи
ϾԼļޣ䣬ţųϵЩֶΣų˵ϲһ¶ͷϵġ䡱֡
ʱԼݵǧңһĮŨɱﲨ˭ӹȥȻҪ
һ㶣ûϵﻹ˴ڣմӳõһԹŭ޴йϾֱѭ˽ȥ
ʲô
Ѿ֮ǰţ˻ңǸоİߵıǿѹô࣬ɫһ̤̤˶֮С
ȻϿһªޱȡСˣҲ˺ۣңֻһֱۣƣǲ£ϲһͬĸо
ҲָоûҶĳªһŸֿһۣͻ뵽Լõ鱨˵ǳˣ
ǵģǰǶΪˡȻҲһ˺ۣɸоϢϽڵأ˵
ǱһгϵСӣ˳ģ
ϣ
ǻ˲֪
ϵ˳ϵģ˵˳繫һ𣬵æͷ˵ǵģǸСӰҺģӦñռ֮˺ɷˡ
˵⻰ʱԺ︡Ѫѭ֮ǰĻ棬״СĿռѷ죬йſռ֮
һߣ˵û
ܡ
غӴϵĿ⣬һӾȥϼ˵Ժңָƣ֮ô˳𣡡
ллǰллǰ
˵ţѾųˣǱȥȻǿϣֻһ֮࣬ںҪ֣Ҫ׳Լɱȥ
и̾Ūˣ쾹Ȼ˾һ𣬳Ҳţ˭ģģ˵û˵ϣѵ˵ǳɵģ
Ľֱۣó˲ţΪǰˣϢǿǿģٷ֮һ񣬾ƾǸСӵʵôĶ֣
㰲ο˵Уǳز
ɽϰѺɫߣצ׶ȻСŮȡԪڤٽСŮסӿСŮ棬ֵѪʱСŮó˯û˿ѵļ
ΣСŮ˵һѵģҵĳŵ󣬳ϽСŮŽװҩݵĴռȡͷ
ͷٴϿĹͷɻΪͷһλģֹ֪ǣǽŹǣǼ֮࣡
ȻѾΧ˹һأеʥްƲϵӣȻ֮⣬η壬Ҳ⣬šϴ󡱵ǰǰ⣬ԾࣻµǶӢ۵ĳݣȻϵǵȻУҲжɶ
ϽͷݸȻʵȻ֪ͷʲôλ𣿡
Ȼùͷ濴˿켴ҡҡͷ
ȥһ
˵һȥʥкЩ΢ӣںĹͷָ룬Խ£ͷԽƵԽӾң
һӺ󣬳ǧɣɽףͷﵽԸӵĵزڳǰģһ׳Ļ

ϸʣ֮ǰĻٽ٣𣬾ϵĻ֮򶼱ȡΪʲôܴڣţϼ򡱣Ż֪꣬𣿡꣬Ժ㲨ֵ֪˼ǣ֮ǰһֱסϷ
ûõõϢһץס֮򣬺ȵɢ
ʱҡȴûɢȥǹ⣬ǻ̫֮Ļ𶼲ٻĻ̫ǿŵľ棬ûҡΣѾˡ
պãԴǿ׳ҵĻ֮򣡡
һڴ˴ٴμûɢ
ȻҲϥһԣ鿴ŽӰݵ۾ĳ⣬ĳ־
ϲ֪ǻٳֵһɲǣĳ֮Уһλߣۣ٣˭˻٣
ȡһͷڵأأκ󣬶Źͷ˵ٵˣϴޣǣ˭Ȼ㲻
ü䣬ƣǰ֮سһֲĴڣûϢߣϴޣǰЩòһŲǳҲϴޣϴ޵׷ʲôҪȥˡ
ˣ
£Ϣ䣬һӾվ˽ǰ˵ȥϴһˣǸٵ˸˺Ҳ˺
ǣ


1281 һˮ֮
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
µʱϼоǸţ׳ԼĻ֮
Ϊ죬콵𶼲ܽٻһ˿𺦶ûУ˿ҡΣ滹ѺۣЩǳƴļ֤
˻֮УǸųƴɱջҲĴ涼оԼبûжΪɶļ澪ϲѣҪ֪һɶչʮҲﲻģ˿֮󣬶̶̰ʱ䣬ɶ
˳֮⣬ģȻȻ֮ܣƷ״Ϊֳʮû֮ǰһѾļˣ
Ȼ֮ĸĤֻҪһǿʮأضܹȻĿڳϣҲƲԭΪҰ㣬ͷȴңǷһһ飬ծλ
ʱһȣɢ
Ǹϵ£͵ȫɢѳɻ㣬˳ϵڣ˺ʳϵĹҲ׳˲١
£ɢȥɳȴûϲЦտһĳأµĴѾǰ֮ԲΪһĻ֮򣻳Ϲ򣬻Ȼٲܴ棡
ǣϲ֪ǣ֮˭µģΪʲô
ϽӴĶԽ࣬ԽоƬ½һܣϽݳѹ£ֵ֮ǿһ׳Ĺͷʰ
˽ͷ˰죬ǲ֪ͷӦʲôλ
תһȦ֮󣬳ϽͷŽ˴ͷһӷһ켴ȡǿƬݸ飬ȴҡҡͷȻ˵ܸ𣿡
ȻȻĹϵǣ⻹һֱȻ˵Ȼϲ֣æ˵Ҫ͸ġ
ҿ㴦ã
ȻԣôãôãȻŲ˵ͷͳһлı飬Ȼֶɻĳ˵ҸҪƬ
ҡͷġ
򣬲ô˵ǲջģ˵ͻؼᶨ͸һӾȻζ˵ǣһҪ󡣡
Ͻı飬ȫ֮ƴǣ˵
ң٣
һȻų𾪹âһСܳĸо¶ģһҪСԸתͷųϣ˵ϣֻҪӦСܵҪԸʮ
Ҳе⣬˵ǽԡ
нľˮȻл٣϶н٣䲻ڣҾ֪Ǹڡ϶ˣһ˻ƺҲļʽ
ã
Ӧֱ˻ˣϻͷȻЦΪģѾˣûƬֻҪ֪Ҷޱظ
ǡ
ûпǣϴϣ˵ǹѣ

Ȼھ׽ţһЦ˴ظˣһ˳ջ󣬲л򣬻˶Ļ֮
֮ˣһʲôţǰ֮أǰˮ˻𣬴ˮ֮򣿡
߸кôһʱȡᣬڷɳɽķΧʱ뵽ˮ뵽ˮУ뵽ˮ
ڰ㡱תˮ뵽⣬˾ˮ֮ˮܣһ¥
û˷ʱ䣬ϵˮ֮ʥˮ֮򹥻أû˾ȣǶϰΪҲûԥһ£ˮ֮ӿӿϣ͵عϡ
Ͻ޴ڵĻ֮򣬾ΣҪȻЩˮ֮ϮֱӾͱ֮ˣڳϴĻ֮ǰˮܿ˻𣬻˵ˮûдﵽ˻̶ֳȡ
ˮ֮ŵͬʱϴ飬֮뾭飬˵һͨĿɿڴΪϵľΪǹľ𶯣ţǳԵÿп࣬Ϊ𣿽ôĿ࣬нĳɾͣȴȻ
ֵҪн٣ҪģҪԼԼ·Ҫ飬Ҫţ֮㣬죡
ң죿
˼Ҫã͵ᣬ򵽵Ľ֮𣿡
սģ̧ͷֱųϣ˵Լ
󣬳ϲ˵߶ԼȥǣԼ˿Уǡڰ㡱ŨŨʡ


1282 ڰ
ڰ㡱ԺɽĹսһһףһһ˵ȫĴڣǣʩչˮ֮ͳˡ
ʩչݵǷᡢңǣȻʩչͬڷһᣬһա
磬ᣬҲиգˮᣬҲиգкҲҡδľ뵽ɫ磬Ǳ˳֮Ϊҵ磬ҲĴڣ
˼ŵʱЩˮ֮ϲغųϵӣŵ֮ڵĺڰ㣬ڰ㣬ƺȫӦȫᡢ֣رǺڰв磡ڰ㣬׻ʲôİأ
ǡڰ㡱ȻԪҺϣеתţϵԺֳָˮһͬըĻ棬ƺ߶һ𣬾ͺлںϵĸоһ
ϽڰУźڰתüʱ֮󣬳ͻһףʲôڰ㡭ڷ˺ڰ۾
ӹսĳ̶νʱ򣬾ǹ⻬ޱȣûڸ񴦵ĴڣϿ϶ޱȣͬʱɻޱȣʲôʱֵģʲô
ϸϸ˼飬˵õڰģֻȻȻҵڣҽȻѵ쳣ģҵڣҲŴ˲ž֮ܵģ
ʱ϶Ҿˡ
תͷ飬һһ˵򣬴ӽԺϴûˣеģֻң
ң
ȻȳȴЦݣȻֻǸһ֣ȴǱ飬ҵľģң⼴Ҳ죻ȻûдӾлعʱҼеĽ֮γһ貵ĽȻһ֣
ʱԵĹ֮ѳ̶հ׵ޣȻֱҪʧȺſ죬ȴˣϯûй
ȴѪղűĿɲֹǹ֮ʥ֮ʱĽ֮һӵĴڣˣٵǸɸɾ֮£ȻҪˣɢΪϢҲ˲䵽˴Բʥм䡭
Ȼ״ҪˣȴֽȻֹˣ˵㣬У
һ㡱֣Ȼеľϲһ㡱棬⣬ǰһ㣬Ȼʪת⣬ʹ˵ͷСܣ㣬Զ֧㣡
ҿϣһᾡԺеĽ֮Ҳһͬٵ׵ػٵ
ƴ
˵Ϊܾʵ

Ҽ˳ִĻ棬ϵľȾ֮£ԼҲ൱غݣеĽ֮󣬱ĬҪĹڵĽ֮׻ٵԺп̹ĵȴ
ȻһԻӣʥҵľٶ˼⣬ɵһģ뵽Ϊ϶йأһ뵽ˣɵ֮˼ܵӰˡ
ҵ£һĥڰ㣬ȻҪ죬ֻʱ£Ȼ󣬽ͷһֱǰеǾ߿ܣϵ룬Ǿ߿˿֮£꣬ռݡ
˵һս˴󹦣һ£ѰɣΪѰһؼ䣡
лˣ
ϵγʮѪ꣬ЩѪӦöа
ӹѪϣʮѪƺ˲٣׵ؿƿܣϽģ˵ֻҪúð£õܶࡣ
˵֮󣬳ȡʳ򾣬ʳ򾣿𣿡д˲ʣȴȡӳõöָо𡰻ӡƿָӡʳ򾡱٣֮ȻҪҪܵؿ汦壬ҽһԡӡư˸ǽҵġ
һߵ÷ɿ죬һ̲֮ͣ󣬻ص콫嶴ǡ
ջسǣǵȡȻеϢǰǸ򣬽ԾϹŸʮ
Ψһͬǣȡľеص㣬ĳУ֮У
ȻԤϵĲ࣡
ţһ˹˴ԲΪһȻڵأ˵繫õϢ֮ʱ
ʲô£
ȻüС˹ؼʱȥңŵϵ飬ʮ֮ڲûеʱȻĿ⣬ƺӳɨ


1283 򣿻ˮ
ʲô£
繫£²ֻ֪˵˽ʱ򣬺ǼУΪ֮УĽȻɫһ䣬˼ǵүүУǾǷǳҪ¶Ȼ
һˣȻ֪ȥǱȻˣȴЩ᲻ãСܣ˵㣬ȥɣһ򻰵ġ
˵⻰ɲǵ٩ģģҲֻгˣҲʵýһرµĳ֣͸ˡ
Ȼתͷϣ˵ϣСܾͰˡôϢڵصǸˣһ飬̧ͷ˼ؿȻû繫
Цŵͷİɣһҡ

Ȼ˵ֿңȭͷСܣĺϢ
һƴġ
˵ȻֿһԶܫɽȻתˣȻܫɽһȻϱǽһȴǾܾˣôϢһǰȥȻ˲ԣȴС
СߡȻСҡֱϾٶȶһһĿ죬ǣ˿ߵüһֵȻգ˰ΧŵһμȻĳȻһһУĿ˶û˵һ仰
ʱ֮Ȼͣ½Ų˵͵ɡ
Ҳá
֣ȻЩʧ䣬Եأ
أ
ȻȻתӣ֮˫ȭͷýӰһȻתЦʵԸԸ⵱Сܵ򣿡

ϾȣȻȴٵȳϻشһƮʧڳǰȴһ仰ϵĶ˵Ļʳԣһʮ
£Ȼһ˿Ϣ룬ջĿ⣬ζܿң֮󣬱ǰ֮·ôѣסҪҵǵģҪúõģһҪúõģ
ĳϣһĨٻӰǺ֮ĬĬţӣˣ㣡ţһֻɫ֥ɺɵǰнţʱٻӰϣ龡ȥӢ̫Ϊ˲ɣ
ɽ֮ϣһӣƬҶ˼֮г˫ɶԵĺ裬ʦ˵ҽҩȫɽˣʱҾܰˡ
ϼ磬˿̣һƬ̣ˣֻһƬطǺúõģһΰӣȴ֮أˣ˵ǿڣΪβӰ
ЩԶϴ޵ĳϣ֪ǿҵ˼˲ƣصܫɽһЩҩֽжõġ硱˵ܣԼʵʲô㾡ЩʥѰʣУ£ռ͵Ƭ
ϽƬȡһۣЩռҩݡ󷨵ȵȣϣһѯʣȻûƳٵһζҩѪܹ鿴ռĵͼҲûмĺۼС˾ޡһЩϢЩʱûȤͬ󷨡似֮ȵһŽָ
ʱ䣬֮⣬Ƴһ󷨣ϻΪˮ󡱣Ȼð˸ΪģһЩΪϡĲΪģˡˮ󡱡
ˮУȷʵˮǣЩˮͨˮʥǷѴʩչĹ֮ˮϱ㽫Լڡˮʱʱ̿ù֮ˮš
ͬʱǱоӡ
ǱߣȻʱ˻ȥ֮أ֮أĳһɽϡ
ɽϴûҲǧҪƽжƽǣ֮أɽһأ
ɽϣǹâ˸ϸȥȴɽϣ˽ָĽ̽խϽ
˻ɣһɽǽɽ
˶ĽҲûио˿ĽǶɱһֻɽϿշɿգһ˻ޣֱӱѿޣƴûɹһ㡣
ȻƣɫЩףʱһˬʵĴ𣬡Ůûͷˣ
үү
֣ɽϵϢȫʧޣȻҲָ֮ɫ˵˵ҵܹˣ
Ȼ죬˵үүôһʲô
ԣ˵¶үүһöֻҪ㽫̤֮֮Ц˵һȻ΢䣬ϲ˵벻ɳô죬ҵŮǲһҪ꣬пܣһ궼Ҫˡ


1284 ӡ
оӡգҲû뵽ΰȻƳӡǴռһȿɽ봢ռ䣬⡰ӡ֪ͨʲôطӡ˴ָϡ
ͬ꣬ǿ϶򲻿ָɱȲϢáаٱ䡱ģϢȴģͬĻ꣬ŴָȡɲУֻˣ
£ӿȫָ֮ӡ̶΢Сޱȵķˮȥǻ֮ԪҺ
ӡȷʵЩŵܹʩչķ嶼ݻٵĴڣȴûһٽӡƳӡҲסǳϵĹˮܽʯһοڳϵЩֶΣǲƽΪǿơ
һʱĿըӡһɶϿָû˶ըѣĶҲû飬һ֮ǰĵľӡ֮󣬻֮
ڳȫƳһɲǣ֮£һŷһų֮ģʳĳˣͻػҲܣ
ôˣ
ڸָƵʵ˻ش𣺡ҵĴָǸСˣǿǻӡôơ˵ͻ뵽ʲô졣
ǣѾˣʵӡʲôӡ
Ǳ֪Ҫ˵Ļֽʮأǣֻýӡһ£Ҫطû£һЩϸڷ棬ȴû˵
ӡ˹ЧȻĶˣָʣôôõĶţʵôõӡģ
Ϊʱ׷һгߣС׷һĹѨһʯõģ
벻㾹
Ҳɸ̾˵пƴƴҪѰҵĶȴһСӸõ̾ţȴ̾˵Ҳ֪ǲڴʯ֮ǰûô󣬿Ҵʯ֮󣬾ͱôˣʲô취ָ˱Ŀ
⻰ǿŸ̾ģƽʵأ
֪٣ȥҹΣûκη֡
ϵͷԺʱ䣬ȥһˡæлѣ¶ͬЦȥǸطɲ˳֮࣬ȥûʲôöĥ𡰻ӡӺϺ˵⡮ӡǲǻû˵ꣿ
һţȴ򶨵˵ǱӡҾѧô࣬ԣֻ˵ô϶ųˣѾûаңΪղ˵ȷʵʵ
ϢϿ˳˵˵˵߾ȫָǱĸ֮ڣָ߳ʵȻϵȻǡǲʯûǵķˡ
æͷѡ
ϣָԼһɣӡֻҵģеĳޣŨ
ܫɽˮУһźɫĹľŷϵţӡ
ϵ㻨ʱʱ䣬Žžҳġӡ˸飬ӡֻططֻռҳ˵˾Ŵҳ
ӡطӵ͵ǣӡأӡӡ޼
ڴָϵġӡͼĻӡأҶɵģǴͼİˮƽûյ裡
ͼĻӡأ˹Чǻӡ޼ֽﵽİ㾳أͷüͷϣ΢˼֮ͷ˽ȥ֮ҽӡϣʲôһ״
ûԴʵ飬Ϊ뵽һҪ⣬ӻӡصӡ޼طǸһ㽫һǣڵһĻϽƣ׶Ļûø߼ΪЩطԻΪģң߼֮󣬻Ӱ쵽ָ
ط󣿻ꣿ
ţüͷԽԽԼһӺ󣬳۾ϲ֮⣬طڻϼӳ֣ʹȻҲܿڻϣûøĻ
Ļؽӵн꣬һνȫڽϣǿڻϣÿһõģͿԼȥýԽԽǿӶӰؽؽƷף
ֳͷʱͿ϶ôһؽͿճˣ


1285 깥
ӡԻмӳ֣ӡó뵽˿ڽ֮ϣǿؽǿͬһֻɳ͵ħޣֻҪ㹻Ϳ޳ɳǿȥ
һϾͲصŽռȫϾǧǧѼ²һͷأҪһ첻Ѽ꣬Ͳؽ
񣬡ӡϴһȴ
ڻ⣬һؽĲϣôĻؽľҲǲ٣ǳҪİ˸ȴûҵ
ڶǣؽ꣬
Ϸ˳֮ɵ֮Ƚϣ֮ۺƣǵʱ֮ˣͼʼ
켴Ͻ·ĿǰҪģԼʵһǳΣյĵط񶼲䣬ӦòЩǲʯɣ
ʱ䣬ԶãҪнʱĹǷһĴڣǸöãһ̾汦ȡӡһ㡰ӡء
ӡأҪľڡءϣ¿Իֳɷֻꡢꡢӡꡢĸ׶Σ֮ǰ汦ĿƣҲڶ׶ΣӡǽطӡƳڻϣû뷨Ϊһ壬Ӷﵽ֮Ŀġ
ˣӡطڻ꣬ȴһ¶вͻ𣬡ӡءɲ˵ûˣҲˣҺпˣǼѻָһ֡
ԣ׼潫ط֮ӡڻϣò˵ʵøߣ۽翪֮°빦ͺñ˽ԹʥȥԵ似Ǿǻ֮䣬ɳɾͣ˵ﲻ֮ɵľأȴҲʱ䣬ط¯ࡣ
ûֽطӡڻ꣬ԺģΣǰ֮󣬲ָʵжÿһ϶ǽޱȣ㹻׼ӿʼûгʲô⣬ֱء
ӡءһ£ʱоԼ汦֮ܶ˲٣֮һܣϲֶһŻʹ汦壬ٶϿռ֮Ҳлء
ֻÿһ汦壬ĵƶҪ൱ڶʮƷԪʯҺóڵԪҺƷײߣҪȻò汦塣
ӡɣϵӡϧʱ䲻ˣҪȥˣϿ汦壬ҪţԺâһ뵽һ£ӡأֻڷǴָ
󡱡󡱵ȵȣһԶܲأߵ꣬깥ӹ죬˷ʤҷǳá
λյʱ⵽˺ʹӡ꣡ӡ꣡Ͻڡ֮ˮУ˼ڤӡءһڳԺ
ֱڶ죬ϲŴӡ֮ˮиڹģҲڶӡҪӡءΪ깥֮ʵһ˵һǧ˰ٵĹϾֳԼĻ꣬ԼȾҪһιңЩߣǶĻǸò깥̫ǿĻ깥𵽵ãֲ̫󡭡
϶һ£ڼ˵ǣҪҵɽ꣬ûȵȴ֮йķǾͲǼߣһŵƣһŴˡ
ʱϽССҲȻʵԲʥΪ֮ԶСĻˮԣɾСˮкҲɴһ
ˣʲô£
С൱նµһֻצĪ⣬ҪľʵǿʵСͷĸ
㵱
⻰СΪü򹥻أæ֣֪⣬˵򣬶꣡
ꣿ
Сͷ֮ʣѾһɽ꣬СȥѡСһΪСֵ꼫Ϊǿһ㲻ˣҪܣЩʥȻĿ֮£ȴҲסǽ˵ȥ˵Ҫأ
Ѿɽ귢һιСȫûиоϿЦ깥Ȼô׵ġϼһһȥٴȻЧãСվڡˮУ֪ɶ϶С˵ģ̶ˮУҲڣҳʵֱ̨ףԴԲʥһƴ֮
ǣˡ
СϲѰ㣬깥


1286 žߣ
ϵ۾Ѫ˿ȻѾʱţʣµģֻһһĳԣ֪ƣ÷ɽ깥С꣡
жٴʧܣֻÿһεʧ֮ҵ㣬ȡ飬ԣһβУʮΡٴΣٴҲУǾǧΡΡ
˵ǳ֮꣬ɽѾɽҲҪʹ࣡
ʱüΪ٣䣬֮ˮϴʹУԽԽ٣Щ֮ˮƺڽÿһϸƵģϰһеĴڡ
ѹ֮ĽȣѾĻ֮ΧȻҲǿǵˣطܲж˲μӵ״Χȫûֹǣһи˲μڡ
ȽеģȻıɱϴ޵ûһҲǧҪֳʤųΣɲǶ̶̼ġ
ĿǰΧϹҲĩǼ඼󣬵Ȼ滹вϹռնɱ߿Ƶԭ
ͬʱɳĸͨȻ֮ǰͳȥ˲ߣЩ߳ȥûгû˻ΪѾɹߵǳ֮أΪǿ϶ˡ
һ죬ˮУСͻػһ飬ӴгֱųϣŵˣʲôôһʹС
ϲ֮У֪˶ٴΣ۾Ѫ˿ѾǲƳ֯ʮɽɽҲĵ˲٣ȻĴۺܴ󣬵ǣеĴ۶ֵõġ
Ϊһ·깥·
ĳԣҲһܹԵģ˭ܴɽأ
Ӵ
Ӵ

СӶغгУ˲ҽеζ˵ϵ깥ԽԽǿʱü˼ܹÿһεĹ֮УԴ깥ƴɱ֮Уռٵĺôǣأ
϶ССûֱ£ʵ˶ʱ䣿
ˡ
Ǹˡϵͷȭͷȼ棬˲䲼ˮ󡱣ѹȭͷ棬һȭ£ˮѾĲٵĹ֮ˮֱޣ
˸һգˮɢϽһˣнһΧȥϾ콫Ůź죬źǸпǧû뵽ôƴ׷ɱû˼Ҹɱ˼ҵӣź쿴ϣĿ⻹û䵽ϣоһǿҵѹȸУʹҼȥΪ˺ֵز
һûΪϢô̤ȥǿȻû˸Ҵǵ⣬ԶԶŭǣѡ
һ·ϣϵûдˮ֮Ϊˮ֮ѾܸĴǣҲûţĥ󷨣Ǵ
˴ԺͲô鷳ˣ
СָצԵı壬ϥͷ֮ϣצԷɵƽޱȣһζûУڴϣȫڳԺȡɳ̣ݡ
ʮ֮ʮϹˣϵ˵ǴӰҲˣȳһ˵ΧѾɽ˺źǰ콫ţʱӵȺֳһǧ˶ϿȥţǸгϵĸ𣿡
ȻЩ˵Ŀ⣬źһ㣬ܽĿڳϣҪƴȥĻͻоĿⱻһ㣬𾪣̾š鴫ͬʱǿͷ­ȥ
ϲûôֻ࣬ݴУΪó٣ЩطվˣצԿ˰죬ҵһյأצʲôû룬ֱһ˹ȥ
צųϣצһȥΪǳϵ˼Ҳʲôᣬ˹ȥ˿۾𾪵񣬿ʼ˱仯أҲгЦо㵣Ҳмڵ˵ţ˼ʤ̣ΪԼ޵ˣռһλã֪ôģ
ȻצԸո̤Ǹλʱ򣬿ͻȻһըȣĸû۾ģվҵλ֮ϣը𣬾ŸӰʹԶٷ
ŸӰΪϢʵצԷʵ˭˵طģܺôӦ𣿡
ڳˣ˭֪طǵģǻǺôӡ
үүվ˭үүߣܸǱŭź˶ڰ׼ӦҪƴɱȴ˵ߣһλá
ϴǲߵģЩʶ۵ļһһֻ־ܡܺǲ⣬ȴϣȳһ֣ߣ
һֻתצҲһȥִ֪ȵߣǵǸȻߺߡ


1287 ֱ
һжʮˣܣʮһԲʥ˽ź죬Ա˽֮֮⣬Ÿ߽ʥΪȻҪųɢнʥϢĳϡ
ǲ֪ϵĿֲսʮһԲʥɲǳصģʵԲǣľŸˣȻҶųǺȳǰ㻰
˵ʲô
˵ûнһڴԲʥ˵ΪŸͼΪóȻʮһԲʥΪУǾǲǵѡ
ϱ֮أŪһЩ鷳¶ȶܣצԵͷȥȴϣЩ˸ˣҪǹ£
Żﴫ˳Ͻ˼ɳ˳ǾŸˣ֮һСӣСӴȵʲô˵þ㣬Сү£
ˣûзŭǹճһĨЦݣжû˵ˣ֣ȷ̶ܴ֪ĺʲô
һнʥСүǰ˵ǻ֮СЦǰޱȡ
ֱһ˳ȥСӺҶүүϴ󲻾үү㣡
ƾֻ𣿡
СҲ˳һֱܵԴСүԴСһҪһصļʽɢŨɱɱй¶ģСӵΪϢȻҲǴԲʥΪ
۾һУŵһЩѰζɱӺʾô򵥣˵һϣ飡һ£Χȥһʣ°ˣһվԭ֮⣬ҲΧ˵ΪϢһţȻҲǴԲʥϢ
ʥ˹СӣδȵۿҪסСӵǱκضˣֻռ䵴ȦȦƣɭϷҪɱ˭˭ֹˣ
һ£һնһֵʵӰóֱӽʥĹն÷飬ʵ൱ˣȴȻû͸¶ΪϢ
СЦˣϵĴ󵶣ܽʮ֮࣬ʮ׶ڴԲʥ֮ƴɱ˵ͽߣʵûʲô
ܵƤʵȴûдﵽֵնľأ۳ĹɽϢʱ䣬ͱ󵶸նˣСЦӲãѾ϶ûپȳܣǴ˵еһˣ
飡
СһȥȴûۡĽѪҲûĲҽֻһĵ·һ֮ϣСӵĿɨȥס󵶵ģһֻ֣һֻѪ֣֮
ʱСӾò֪˵ʲôд󵶣Ԣһڽ֮£һʵʵ
ǣѪ֮ץסˣ
ԲֱֵܳСӻɣġ᲻ᱻ˵˰С𾪣ԲʥֱʮȺҲˣǸնֵ֮ˡ
Ͽնֵ֮ˣ˵𣿡ʣڵ֮ɫںһ𣬷ӿˡ֮Уͬʱӿȥģзסˮл֮
ӿеһƬңóϲǳһһԣܷв󣬲ʲô
ֻϢ֮䣬ϱɹ˴ӡоɱ
ճɣšСӣһѪӿอпӿ𲻰ʱߴһ͵͵ġ֣
ʱȻըѿըıȫϮСӣСɫ䣬޿ɱܣǧһ֮ʼķȦת۾͸ըϡá
ۿСӾҪը֣һֻֽ棬ͬһʱ䣬Сվһһѷ죬ǿȫӿ˿ռѷ֮У
ˣڳһֱֻ֮Уֿǿռѷ죬ʶģ˵ߣɾȳȵ񣬾Ȼ񣬲˵ֻһôֶһ
ӣ˸϶ˣţֱǰֻ·һ
ȳСӵȻЩ˵˶ɫе֮ɫɵעڳϵһʱ˿źо֮ɫ⣬˶һΪȻӣ
ô¶ֱоЩޱ飬һָСӣ˵Ҫɱ˭裿


1288 ǲҪ
Ҫɱ˭裿
仰֮ǰ˵ģ˼൱ǽ˵Ļݺһ⣬ΪϾܣŭֵվڳ󣬺ţϴҪ
ң˵仰ʱ򣬿ûпһۣ˵󣬾ֱСȥ˿̵СӣȻ˳ҲᣬһƬѪģµһСӣҲը˸ɸɾ
СӼץסĻ棬ֱ£˵
죡ϷڣʲôѵΪһ񻹶ԸһССнʥǲͷ˵ϵӾˬ˼£С³Ƕʲô
һһ̤ǰ֥鿪ڽߣųϣϣأ˿ҶʱʧޣҲƽˣţһأȻҵĶ֣ϷĺӣҪһֻǿϣҵʢѾõģȴ콫Ϲĸ֣ѡңʦҲ˵õĥʯܰĥøӷңҲܳô˻ᣬв˳콫ܽϹ֮У
Ҫ֪ɽһսĻ;ֹۣ֪ɽһս֪ڵʲô
ģδӷСӣٽնɱ֮ǰв󷨣˵ʵıѣҲóϸССؾһӿô͵ֻаյشСֵѺۣˡ
ȴûϵɴ֮󣬾Ȼըˣ
һµ֧·ֳڳǰϻ뵽պؽ֮ʱҪֹĳ֣ǵؽвӿ붼УȻˣпۣܲ
붨֮ŽĿ⿴񣬷ѹԶԶûôǿϲ֪񾳽磬ôֵģǲǻǺʥһֵĻϸ߽Ƿǳ
ϳϵ¶ЦݣʵСӣ𣿡
ûлػȴǳʮһģһġϡӰһ㶣һʱ侹ֲǸӰǳϵɨȥҲûзʲô𣬲˵סģϢȵȣ˷ֲ٣񱻴һֲȴͨ͸ػסСӣΪϵĿģҪɱСӣֻҪסСӣͱȻץ
ʮϡǶЦ֮⣬һüЦ켴һϡץСӣһȣϷ
УֻѾץ򡰳ϡһץȴץ˸գץյɲǣپҪתȴһ״Сĺڶǰ
ûд״СĺڶиоΣյϢǸоˣҲˣһôܱнʥأ
ˣ־ҪƳһѷ죬ɾʱоͻһûˣҲûʹУɾĪһ÷û˺ѷ죬һ֮ʱڶѾײϣײϵ˲ͱ¡һը죬ֱӱըúףѪա
һĻ̫ͻȻû뵽ϴľȻ⣬һɷŭֱӴӽŵװ𣬳ŶûȥΪʲôһûȥϸղŻĶʲôֻȡһָϡ
վСߣС۾Űףûվߵôʹӷ񣬻ϣûпСӣֻǶŷʥղһǡȭɲ򵥣ܵȫעУʩչһ
ǲҪ
ûпĳŭ𣬵˵תС˵֪¹ʲô

СһУ˸̶ת񱼣ҪԶϣǣŸתͱץס˲ӣץСһ㣬ȥտյĺ󱳣˷
ŭյķ񣬿Ǻĺ󱳣ȴ侲ûнһն£ղܵˣȻأȴҲ᣻ңһʥ˵Ȿ˵ʥ⡣
ĥŵʱСڴСӣСүȻСүԱͬھ
Աԣ


1289 ԣҪʲô
Աԣ
ν˵СȫȻΪеľ˲ӿȴǿʵ㲻ҪԱĻ϶һģ
ըҶ£һʥԱ
һ仰ֱСӵǿģ˼㣬ղһĻԺѵܣӦ˷ģһ̣Ȼȫӿ
ըܵ÷˿ˣ˵ʵСӲȥȴǸһʣĪԼΪ
ڸòסԼΪȻаٱ䡱ɢԲʥΪϢûʲôãѵܵȫ汦塣
֮ܿһ汦壬϶ԡӡĸˣҸղ깥Ҳ˳Ī˵ķûдʵ꣬ȴʧһ˲䡣
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ȴܶˣ
ϽСϵǰܣôԣųԣǿųԣ
ܻûлشʻСӣʼˣֱţֻҪҰɣ˵Ǿ仰ûΣ˸һüͷø߸ߣԥţҪҪ֣ԲʥĿⶢ˷ʥ˿ܾСӵģֻзʥˡ
ʮߣɵۣر϶ϱضᱻʥɱģͷϲԾ˶ĺ飬ǿĸѣĽ࣬Ǿ壡
ʧУȴֿ죬Цˣ˵ϴҺþûԹˣҪ⣬һһ˺Եܽͷ֮ޣ
˵仰ҲûΪҪСӣβЩˣҲ˵ֱӽеõһ׳һֻܣ˵ٺƤƿ
ллϴ󣡡
˵ţֱһצӴСӵţСӣȴӲˣзȴ֣տҲС佫ĿͶڳϣʳϵ׶ʲôſ죬ȴǡһҽУ
СתĿ⣬ؿܴ棬ȡһѪܵĶԵСһʧˣ֮ǰ˵ġүүҪ㡱ĻΪֻһݻһͷѣȴϣģĳԣ
˾ˣرǡꡱҧͷʮߣȲشоԼҧһԶķ״Ҫٲ֣ͽһˣҪʦ֪һУ֪֣ӽѹ
ԣǱɽˣòˡ
ǰѽٴϣһһ˵
㻹벻Ҫһʣ˵ĵسԣû˻㣡ֿһЦȻ죬Сӵֱҧȥ
ŭٴαһԭ˵ϷнѪ죬ϷҪѪ񽣣Ѫ
þȫѪ񽣻նһɭȻѷſѪڣҪϸɽȥ
Ӱûжֻսצף֮ȵӿȥóһβ󣬲֮ǰһô򵥣ǱȽϸӣ߸СģǳЩ󼫲ȶȫڼȻңͺñȷһɽĻҩֻҪһǣըѣ
ʱʹȫģɫЩ׵ķϽʮףѷѽǰֱӽצ˳ȥ
񿴵צ׷ӿͬһΣյϢΣУǰδеŨצ׻Сӵţһ鶹֪צ׼һ㣬пǱѪ񽣡ߵĴڣҪʲô
ոʳϾͻش
䣡
ǳķóϼһϣܱʮֹռѷֱӱըʮףеġѪ񽣣̶ֱ֣ռѷڷʥȣֱӸըޣʣµĴϣҲ˺ۣѺ۱鲼һѪӣһѪӡ
⻹û꣬ʥաѪ񽣵ֻ֣ռѷȥ
ʮ׿Ŀռѷ죬͸ŨĿռ֮ԲʥҲܵصвȫֿռ֮
ռ֮޲𹥻ҲܵвЩԿռѷ첼óɵġſ˵㲻ʲô˲ƬʮŲǳ


1290 ϲ
˺ѿռ䣬ռѷ죬еı־ͬ۵ĳʥĹһ㣻ȻҲ⣬ȻܽӽĴڣ÷һЩСĿռӶ֮ࣻǣֻ죬ܻԭ
Խѷ컹ԭ
һ˵񶼲ȥԭĨƽռѷ죬Ϊԭռѷ죬ܴĴۣ͹˵绹ԭһ׿׳Ŀռѷ죬Ҫȫͬ߰ռѷ죬пʮ
ĸ֮⣬Ԥķա
ǣûѡҪǲռѷĨƽ϶ͻᱻռ֮ȥʱΪÿһԼĿռѷɱˡ
Ľڷ˵ֹܴ裬ֱų꣡
ԣƴ˲ۡѪ񽣵Ķ䣬˲˫ȱըٴʹƴתڵΨܹ֮ͨܣҪռѷ£
ò˵֮±ǱǼ˵ģʮ׿Ŀռѷ죬£
ϿŷľֹЩ⣬Ȼ߹ĿռѷǿԼϵģЩȴܣȴûи߹бպϿռѷ
ȻҲ֪
ţȻġϰ취ҲԷտռѷ죻ϵĴ󲿷עûмڷϡ
ŷʥһѡѪ񽣣
Ѫ񽣱ѷ֮Уһֱǰļʽռ֮ƣȴûнѣֱȵѪ񽣳ȥʮףײʲô֮󣬼̱ռ֮񱩵˺顣
΢΢ЩԾѪ񽣵ķƷײݻɣǿռ֮ǰȴȫֵһᣬԼܿ̾ҵ̫ˡ
̾ţšѪ񽣳ȥ£Ӽ֮ǰһ뷨Щ˺Ŀռѷ죬죡
˳һûܵռѷӰ֮⣬ʮ߶˿ռ֮ŰģֱӴӵϱȥӱѪ˿Ʒ粻ĳϣɴˣȾңˡ
һ˺ȥߣгȺߣΪҲ쵲סˣϴ󣬲ùǣǣǻҪ
˲ңҲˣǲûзң
һ䣬ȡͷ˵ʮŲҽǳķΧ󣬶ʮǳԺ͡ſ൲һʮŲǳԸһԽԽСĿռѷ죬´ˡ
ǳһЩȥߣȥվڴ֮ϵǣҲоǹʧһΪֶξȵͬʱԳӿ˸м֮飬Щ֮ǰԳϵļʣЩΣĸм֮Уȴһƽߣǹͷϲѡ
Ȼϲ񣬳ϲ֪
Ǳߣֵµʥѣе˫۶˽ȥСҲڴԽԽ٣ʥҲ³˾Ѫһһڡ
ڣռѷҪˣɷѾ˽ȥһݣҺϣ
֮£ѷʧֻҲռɣһҲޣֱ׹ȥȥȥ˳Ц³һھѪڽȶ֮Уǣ̧ͷϣѾ֮ǰĸӣӡ
ųϣԵķʱ޳ˣ֮ǰɳӳצױġѪƷ׻Ҫߣ֮󣬷Կ϶ǼצʦǼһǳ
ˣ
ȻţҪһǾҪúõĲֻҪһڣ;Բųޱȵӣ·һ·̬ޣ
Ҫ汦壬Щ᲻ãɳ˵Ǳ˵ģ˾ͱˣûʲôϧģңһһѾƱˡ
Ͽǻָգ۾һ֮ŷȥųĻˣڵԲǳϵĶֻ֣⡣
ڴӿڸղʩչĿռѷ죬Ҫǻɹ򹥻״̬֮ǰûóߣҪ˼ңҪ˼Ҫٵвڡ
¿ɺãɣȥ˼
𣿡
Ϥʾ䣬Թȴòͷ˵롣
Ǿ͹ԹԻشҼ⡣
ϸ˵꣬Զִˣ𣿡һЩϤ켴˭Цݸ֡


1291 Ͳһѣ
ಡ
Ӱ䣬תۼ䣬ʮӰǰУԲʥʣµĶǸ߽ʥȺĵǸˣ
ϣһ㾪֮ɫûƺ֪һ㣬ЦſϣҪһȴû˫ȣûƣ˺ۣǱķ
ʱ㶣Цͣľż
ղ﷢ʲôˣ˭˷񣿡иʣ㿴ųԶ޵ؿųϣȻǳ˷񣬡һ𣬲ԣʥϢ֮ǰ𣬶̶ʱ䣬ͽʥ𣿿ǣʥҲ˷ǣ
Ц˶ˣôи񣬾ϸأ
Сӣʲô֣Ҹ˵ڳ˼ӣһȫɽЩ¶ӣνʵø׼Ķأ
ñ׼Ҫ׼Ϊ˭˵ЦѶ˵ĻɶԷ磬óܺ׼ˣ
£һֳ˽ĴԲʥͻض˵ϣΣգ˳ģ
ûһϵĿ⣬˲η֮ɫһֱΪܵ飬ȴطǰôɱ˷񣿷񰡣˺ռѷ찡
ţ̧ͷȥȴûпһĿռѷڣɻôҲˣǣǲоɫأʧˣЦգԽԽá
ϼЦݣֱһӿǷûˣܽѹסڵƣѹƲסֻŰʴ
Ŀ⣬ǳ֮ɫŨˣĻ֮ƾͱһˡ
ǲ÷ָǻָһʵУȻǰʵս鲻࣬˭֪ʲôĵأ
󣬳϶˵ʲô׼Цôģ
û˵ֻЦŴӴָȡһѳǹ˵ǹ޵У
Ŷ
˶ʲôʱȡһӣЦ죡֣ûͣ£һӣԪ
ץʲôˣһЦ֮󣬺ϵʵ׼𣿡
һѾߣžͺĿⶢųϵԲʥ켴԰һ˵ʥһã
ʥܾĶ׽ˣǾֲܾ̫ãʥصʲô
㱨𣡡
͡ʥ㽫ƾ㡱ѿڶ˵һֺ󣬸Ͻ֣Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴ˵ʥ֪Ҫ˵ʲô񶼸㲻ˣһнʥôܸ㶨ûУǸ˲Ҳһнʥ𣿡
ʥ÷ɿӳɨֹȻͬнʥܺ˼𣿡ִʥƾӣܹܹѽ𣿡
ڣʮһԲʥĴڣǰȻô߽ʥȴ˱нӵѣʥҡҡͷ
һȣⲻˣǰӹһ٣ܸǱǳһ
ᶨʥһλ֮ȷʵǰһˣʵϣȷ
Ըͷ϶
һ顢ɱʵӣмնʥȾˣȡһ䵶˵ϣһоͿˣʧǽ׹ٲ֮أ
ʥģ͵üɣ
ǳģתӣþӸµĿʵڣ𣿡
ù𣿡
ЦŷʣЦݱҪã۾һ˿ݵЦһޣ켴ڶԲʥʥǰ棬ɾͽ赽˵ڶ̧ͷʣڣ𣿡
ѣ
ٽһЦʣ𣿡
Ͳһѣһ𣿡ӵ˵ܼһʣԲʥˣЩԲʥܲ裬˶ˣǲ裬ǽڹ֮أңҲһѣа취סϣü
𣿡
϶Բʥ˵ӦɣҪһѴģαôСأ


1292 Ԫɢ
һԲʥ֣ʥˣӣӲѣֻܹԹԵؽ
˿̣йʮ
ʮ޵ģ͸ҵĻǸ˸£Ȼطʥüҫ֮Щʥ񣬶ӵңҲңһε֮ؽңңң
֮Գڹ𣿡
ȷʵˣЦݲá
֪ʲô𣿡ѯȳϻش𣬱ʮֵ˵֮֮
Ͳ˵ĵȴβ˵ЦȻȵܣŶټ˼ѣڣ㿴жټʮʮ
ʥһ˿ǵϣ֪ʲôһ㵣Ҳޣŵɫ԰
ʮأ
Сӣ˷񣬿㣡ʮǰһӣȵҲ֪һϷǣЦݡ
ûжٴв˷ûУ㣬ҪȻȥը÷ǣ
ը
ʥ֣Ӳһ飬ԽԽĺ«ʲôҩˣü˶ʸףȴһۣ˻ȥ
һЦһץֱȥ״ЦˣȻϣ·𿴵һε֮λ֣ͬʱȵʥס񣡡
ʥӦڻס֮ʥﶼǾȣû뵽ȻˣЦţҧСӵܣæȵСӣֻܽҪˣ
Цţȥ
㽻ܣû𣿡ŭüһϻûлػܾͳϴҪ
ԡľûٻǿЦģСӿɾǻطǰŭԽԽĳϣĿ˵㲻𣿡
ʲô
ܣ
ƾʲô
ʥѾӿ״̬Ȼܲһƾеʮ
ʮ𣿡
ϻ
һȣͻػعֳף֪ΪʲôһӾͻˣҲȥһ£ֱȵվסվס
˵վվ𣿡
վҲվ˵ţӰһʮˣæٲվסͱҶ㲻ˣ

ҡҡͷѧõǲˣĻᱻʮͬʱըסֻϧõϣǾעһвˡ
վסҪˣ֣ʼҡˣҪĶȴһ
һȴϤףǰһУӾҪ˿ȥȴָˣϽʥǿ춯֣ɱ
Ŀɨʥ˭˭
ʥۼʶʥһҶŵԲʥȴˣһһңһһϮ
ʥȭ
½ն
һŻȭͷΧ֮תϣֱԴһ֮۵Ĺ֮նֻЦŶʵ˵ǰѻ𣬻᲻ң
ˣ
Ȼûǰ侲Ȼţȴβסǻҡ
𣿡
һʣ۾ŻǱԺĻȭͻǱ֮ȥ
䣡
ը죬ʥ˸ӲӲǽѪαˣһӵϵʥˣϽǸͷֲؿųϡ
۳֮ʥȵܵģ㹥Ϸ
ϰ빥㣬ǹ֮𣬸ͲҵʹҿƲˣ
ܣԼĻ֮㻹ܿƲˣϰʥһǧһţʥٱ⣬ϣһָָųϣŭغȵСӣ㵷ĹϷҪ
ʥٴҳʥȭͷҲأֻֻһȭȭײʥоҵʹϵ˵Ԫɢ𣡡
ʥоڵĻԪ˲ʧøɸɾĻ֮һžž죬𡭡


1293 ҵʮ
ϺһʥڵĻ֮򣬺޷أ
ʥ֮ΪʥΪ߹ûйȻʥڡ򡱣ڡڡ棬ռĪƣȴ㲻ʥˡ
ʥ˫۴͵ؿųϣŸоһȣһԪҹ㻹ҵĻ֮
ϰʥʥĻȫ֪ʥ˵ʲôʲôԪģֻзǳ߸š޵۾һ˿˿˼뵽ʲô
ʱϻعͷʥ˵ȷҪҰѹ򻹸㣿
㻹ңѹ򻹸ңȷ
ãԸ
Ϸһȭȭϻһȭʯ֮䣬ʥϣʥʱѪϣȴųЦݡ
ϰʥǿһĻģֻбĺ⣡
ʥЦΪĸоĻֻ֮ص棬·Ѿ˻֮ͬˮ󺣵Ļϲ˷ܡ
ͻأʥЦˣǹˬУ˲ת˴ʹ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹʹĵطÿһ缡ÿһͷÿһѪϸһеģĹ
ĹڣȴҪ
ΪʲôʥԴ벻ף־Ŵʹˣʥȭҵʥȭ
ϸղʥĻ֮֮ʱѾɣӵƴڣȫԼ֮ĳϣʥĻҪģǷǳ򵥵飡
ǱߣʥΪʲôʹġʥȭһش󺰴УҲҪˣҲҪˣʲôҪˣȥɡ
ͳȥĶջ֮ϻ˵һֻȥʥӣֱǰ¶ϲһץмһҧȥ
ϰʥͷƤ飬иʥһʣĳˣ
תͷ˵
ʲô㶡
ҵʮ
ģ
ˣһ˶ˣӦʮýҵģģϽҪˣҪˡ
֣ʼ˾ҵĲҪԴ˽ϱˣ֣ץæҪˣʮһˣͻᱻըһѪⶼʣ㡭
׳գϺȶķ躰
㲻㲻ҪˡΪҪľ
ҶÿɲһֲᱻãûңôĽ죬˵ͱ䳾ˣû뵽㲻Ƕ𱨣׳հ׳ա
˵ţѾץסʮٵϰʥʥϵʲôֶΣ׵һɲǣӿģǱϰʥȥʥ³ȴ벽ֱУһ֣ͷٵϣսӴϣ㽫ϵѪ⣬һɾֻʣǹͷܷӦأ˱
ˣʮ͵˳
ʮһԲʥʮպûһȷʵǹˡ˵ֱ꣬ӽʮӵǰ˵ǸӸսٰǸӸ£ʣµģԼ
ʥϲѣǵƴɱʱ򣬱˸ɸɾû뵽ôӵϴ޵ȻҲټͦģϴǶʮ˿ڱٵÿңЩ֮Ҫȥռ
ȴϣǵĴˣֱһʮ
У˵£û뵽ҲзݣΰıӰŵҵģ
û뵽һѾ£Ϊµܽһµľ磬ļϣһУЦ£ʮ˴󹦣ҲɱģھͿԻȥˣȥŬȡٶһõı㣡
㡭㡭
ϲʥ˵ԼأҶ֣
ŷʥ˿Ǵڽ֮أ˷ĻһʧͽȫͷϣһҪǲŵĻСֻ̾ͱꡱˡ
ˮ籩кʱֵҪ㱧߻ȥʲôõˣҵˣȻỤ
ʥ۾һʱҵ·һԥ֮󣬾˵ã£ʥų˻ȥ˽Թ֮⿴ʥɨһۣ˵Ҳӭǣ
ʱЩʥԹ֮⣬ˣʧˡ


1294 թ
һͷʥճ
ǻһ˵߷߲ƽʥǣԳĬˡ
ţһĴԲʥƶ˽Ųֻʣ¹ͷø߽ʥذΧȻȵǾȻұұ֪Ľʲô
ȻȲѣȻһһǱӪȥֻʣϰʥˣһ˺ʥǻòͷˣ˵ĶȻ˷ʥǣǲʵǿĳ߹ȥˣ˵Ǿ͵ĥɡ
мͣס˽Ų󣬻ǼᶨǱȥףʥӪЦȻҪͶңǾͽһͶ״ɣ
Ͷ״ʲôͶ״
˼ʳ³ϾȥնɱʥԴ֤ǵҳϣʥ۾綾߰Ŀ⡣
ϽǵĿ⡢ȵȶ֮ЦţֲȥɱˣֻǽһξѪ˶ѣ˵仰ʱѾǾΧм䣬ϵź⣬ܻһץһҧá֨֨졣
ҪʲôƾʲôҪǵľѪǸ㣬ִ𣿡Щ˵ķӦֱܴ⽻һξѪȥɱ˶ļ¡
ҪǾȥǱȡһͷ­Σ
ϵһ˾ԳĬǸûѡֻǽһξѪʥ˱ƳһξѪ֮ʱ˵ӰضˣֶֹȥûиĴԲʥҲڵһʱԾգ˺۳һֱ֮ȡԴ
ʥˣסķ񣬾һöνڣ̺ǿĹܣνֱƳϵе˲ԼĹֻһ˼ϡ
ǳֺͻأ˶ֲ˿ӳѪΪЩ˿϶Ӳ˵ˣȴû뵽ǾȻû֡
Щ˵ĿĺȷնɱϣȺףʰˣ㲻ɱϣҲҪסЮ
ƻǷµģڳȰʥһ̣һģڵȴʥѹƵġ
թ
һЦڡط棬棬һˮνڣͬʱڵŨ򱶣üǲڱʴ
ֹ£һ˵Ļ֮򣬳ϣ˵ĹϵĹһ֮󣬹ϣȴ첻ʲô˺նǱ֮ϳɵĹ֮Ǵ˲вҲвѡ
νڱˮȫס粽ƣ
һ˲Ĺ˳ˣһ֣ǴľУҪΪֲղŵʧϮķ״һ̾ϧһӮ˾Ӯˣ֮ǰһʧһҲ׵׵ذˣ۾ֱ㶵ضŹ档
ȻֶΣЩȫ飬֮ɫγɵķǿȭ
ǣ϶ûУĿ֮£Ҫƺã˭֪лжٵأ
תۼ䣬ʥȾʥ£ʥҲ·磬ʥ֮ǰϵϲ۾⣬ˣȡ֮ģǷߺޣ⣬˻ġ
Һڴ
˵ߵǰƻϧûʵ֧żƻ
ųϣûзȴʵĻ𣬶ȹ˻٣

ǰЩ»ٵˣ㣿ʦ̸ʼţɿ϶ԸʥֶΣиղǹ棬ˡ

˵һ̾ϢȴץУ˵ڣشҵˣľ绮֣Ƿʥһ
Ҳģ
𣿡
ûн񾳽ˣûʸ֪ģ˭Ҳ⣡
𣿡
ϻһʣǿյȥʥҲ£һΣҲû˽ǸˣңǿյأôһȴЩ˸µģ֮󣬽Ӹܣ˵սһǧ𡯣ûи㣬֪ôɣ
ϴףֱӳ
ЦŵͷܵЦݣޱȵٶȣʼˡ֡
ǰ󣬲ǡˮ󡱣⡰ˮܫɽġˮ󡱲ͬϽһ档
úú󣬳϶˵Ǿ˹ǣע֮ˮעһΣһ
жȺУȴüͷţܽӽǹͷʦϣҲһޱȣȻ飬Ҫܽ͵֡
ţ۾һ


1295 
ϵ˷ʽȷʵرһ֮ˮһˣ
˵ҲѣǸʲôģȫֻǲ֪ž֮ˮܴеõջ񣡡ϽһпʵĻᣬȫˡ
Ǳߣܷɿš𡱣ͻأסͷ󺹵ķʵүүһ˶ٱ飿꣬ȷشֵܾ˵ˣүүˣ˾Űپʮ飡ϴ˵һǧ͹ˣֻʣˣ
˵꣬ܽĥá֨֨죬ɻһԳ˵Ǿ仰ġ𡱣ûκθоɴ˿̣񿴵Եòʥзˣѿ˵ûоŰپʮ飡İٱ飡
仰ԼɵˣתͷԷ˸ҧĶ˵ʲô˵ûүү˵УУ
£Լٶ𣿡
һֻʣһץ֣˵ǡ𣿡£ֱܾҧȥҽгѪҧ£躰˵˵
Ѿˣϴ޵ֲֻһ
ϵ£ʱң̤·ССʿ֮һǧ꣬һǧԹĿ಻٣Ҳ٣ʾʱʦ𣬴Ӵ֮;һ˳ҡֱϣΪһҲ׵¶ʮꡢһյΪ˳ѳ
ɾףѵҪ𣿾Ҫǰһж𣿡һĮȫһ񵱻¶ĳϣвԼһ֮£ŨŨĲģʱҰݴ㣬̳Ҳܾ񣬲۸ʲôۣҶˣʲôϣûˡ
źţԳ˵֪ʲôҶ˵ֻҪң
ûȤˣ
ϵǼɢϢһĻɱĸоҧֱ۵ٶȣҲԽԽ죬һѾûˣдţæ֮£ȵ潵㣬ʲôУ
ȻûзӦ
뵽֮ǰ˵ȡһξѪҪһݣȡһξѪ˳ϵǰ϶žѪûȥȡȻûͻʥ֮ͲȥľѪΪƲסǳɹ̤ʥ֮϶ξѪҲǽʥȷʵЩ
ڳУǸ߲ʵĴڣǣȻ˵񻹲ȫ֮еĸ߶ȣʹؽˡ
ɷϣȷʵ˺ռѷ죬˷ʤڹŹ̫࣬ҲĶ֣йν棬һϣһǷȻζռϷ磬ǴΣ󹦵СŮһΣǳ
Σ㲻ԣ֮
׷ӵ˼ڳϵԺ︡뵽콫ҪȴҪһϢ֮󣬳¶˾ģ˵ս񣬲Ҫٳˣ
ϴ󡭡
ܺ᲻ãٳԣȴòɿ죬˼ŵֻצףץǵξѪ
һεͼڴ½΢һЩһΪϵʵһǷ״Ϊûа㷴
ˣںʱһӺǵӡ˷Ժ
ܵǵӡ֮ʱȫζǻʵô䵽زˣһ֮䣬
Լùצף˽ȥڷ֮ڰ㡱תתɲ
ȲѣųϣĻ֮˻٣þѪһʵǿߣֶΣ׻жֶΣ
϶ڷľȣ֪֣תͬʱ˵Ҫʲôƾָĵҿ԰һ
㻹ѿڶϲȴǴʣӦǰһˣ
ϲɫ£˵ˣһŵлܹµʱָ˳ʵֻǣҪĶʮһҩģΪѰգһζûѰҵ
ζ


1296 Ʒ
вûбʲôϣռôãûռ룬λ˴û˵ζھҩأ
˵޲ݣ㣬ٻġһ˵꣬㽫עǰĳϣʱĶãζҩģҶУ

̧ͷɫȣžϲˣζҩ𣿡
أ
ϵӲαæ˵ϼ䲻ֻ˵һ飬㽫ȫóռʮζҩģҲӴȡˡٻġζҩģȻζҩģÿһռҩģƽʱûʲôãһؼʱ̣ͻϴãζҩζͼڴ½ռһζڼǴδɨһζϴĹ
еζҩģʹ֮ɫȫʧеֻǾϲҲַôϲֻҪˡƷ͵ġҲڰ֮ڻָ˳ʵʧȥ˫ȡֱۣȫ
Ͻĥ˺ü֮󣬸̾ŵȷʵ켴¼ģûġ󡱣
ʧֿʼûʧ˻᲻ɹ᲻ὫˣҪˣҵϣǿɾˣˣ˵ζҩǴģ
Уϼ¯ŵǧ˼ȡζƬٻģΡţ߼ӵ¯ȥ֮Ϊº͡
һܺʱ¶رֹŵóƣҲ⣬ǽʮһζҩȫӵ¯ͻ졣
ۻƳҩһ̣뱣֤ҩľȷֲܴҲСĵƷʽ͡
ֻ졣
ҩ֭ʼᡣ
ơ˷һɵЦһ֮⣬һҲսսعӣȴģҪӪΪǸ߽ʥɲҵǣӴĲˣܣ
˫֮͸¶ĳĿ⣬ձ꣬ɻɣǲðˣͽ׵ֻҪܵõͷʲôں
ţԺĽ֮ۼȾԲʥԻӣҲĥŲŵõĵȡһ¥β֮ԴʱĿ⻹Ͷ棬֪ʲô
֮ƴɱѾݱĿʼϰʥʥȾԲʥȻ߸ߵعڸ߿գû꣬ҲһȥӰ֪ﵽȥˣԲʥ˷
ʮ죬ɣյϵĲ裬ѾǽˣԳ˵ûнϽϸ㣬ע¯ҩ
ҹĻ٣ǳ˸߳󣬷㲣˵æˣȻͶųϵ֣뿴ϵûеҩ
ϽĽ֮۵ף֪סѣ˵һ˾ſţȡĿţţ
һϲѣָܷһţѾллˣﻹʲôȻ˵˵ʮζҩģǣҪģһˣ˵һ˽򷢣Ҳ޿κΡ
Ͻŵҩ˷ӹҩһֱţƷײ̫ߣֻҪƷ͹ˣƷţĵζѾ˷ıʱסųϰ˵ԺȴţƷⵤζ϶Ʒ˵˵ǼƷƷƳƷҩǴˡ
ˣԽԽˣȴӹ˵ˣ⼫Ʒҩܹһ¾ָܻ˳ʵ˵ţҪ£ȴͻס֣ʲôϽ˵ˣĵȽףӵ͵ˡء죬ھ֮
Ǹʲôأ
۷֮
ϵͷû̫⣬Уе͵Ļ֣û̫𣬳ʵΪʲô񾳽ߣͲ֪ܵ
ˣҲ֪·ĳֹ涨
˵ˣʲô
ҡҡͷ
ۣ涨ЩĪ̵ֵҩʵָȻ˵˵Ϊʲô˺ռ䣬⡣
ǣˣ
Ѿ˳ϣҪԭǵҩ׷һܹƼƷҩĴˣԺƴɱУϣ
ʱܺ𣬡ϴһСͶ㣡

ϲɾɣܽ˴һ͹ڵأ˵֮ʣȴɻ󣬡ָϣôûдָأ


1297 
ʲô֣
ɵ
ɵ˵ܱЦЦүүˣɵ㻹ĺɵ¡βҲһЦš
ȴûЦ֣뵽ˡɵɵǹƥһɽһɽھŷܻһսʧ˺ûм
ɵǻҲæһ̾Ϣͻ뵽ɵ˵ֵʱЩ֣ȻһϰΪӣܾЩֵֹġ
ʵһ
ˣԪţ
Ԫţϴ޻ɣʣɵæǲ֮Ŀ⣬ƿϵָصҲϴ޵ˣڴޣ
ɵûдָЩǴʲôطȡģ
ޣԪ˶ˣ˶
ˣЩСľͲ֪ˣеõǳϢԪ͵ܳģǣ޵õϢӦöңʱ򣬻Խ޵ˣΧ֮ˣ
ɵһԣüͷ飬еǰ򵥣֮ˣȫΪǳѪɱʵҪ㹻ʵֻҪ㹻ʵˣǿǳұصһݣΪؽ
ϿɵǹɹֵֹĸоȻûʧһתֵֹֹĸоΪζߣ֪𣿡
ôһ룬ǸЦݣ˵ɵ׷ҵģ
ǵģСĿ˳֣𾪣ԸҪ׷ˣøǿɵһģЦãһ׷档
ллˣһǰΪһ֮¡
ûɵƨҪƨǼֹĸɽɨһ۹ڿеľԲʥݴǸѾݳʮ֮һ
ϴӴȡɳ֮ʱɵ۾ͻط
һ˿⣬ǳΣվ׿⣬ϻ淢ֲˣվڳϵǰͬһĳϣ䲶׽ˡ
Ŀɳ̣Ǵ
ᣬóǼӹڴϣ봫֮Уɵϲ֮ȴЩɵˣĶ봢ָһ¶𣿡
ɵҲ˼
ʱɹ
Ǿţݲߵĳڽֽ˳ʮǧֻһ˴͵Ĵ󣬲ңЧޣûǿͽڴ͵Ĺ֮Уʮǧ֮УҪһ󣬱ǹͨռ󷨣
ϸЦݣȻһʮǧ󣬵ǣйͨռȴܹó֧֣ͨռȷʵдռ֮ܣȴһ̶ƿռ䣡
ƿռ䣬ֶΣƣʱֶһŵơϲ֮ЩǾǲռĲϡ
Ȼ˵һнԿɲ󣬿ɳȻûдﵽǸ磬ңһҪռ󣬲Ͻܹؼвأ㽫ѡ
ԣ׼ʵص
ڰָ콫֮󣬽ռ˲ٲϣϺģ֮٣رռ󣬲֮Ľޡ
Ǻã
ڷųʱɵȳϸֱ߶˵֮󣬾ûи˵һ涼ûУô۲죿ô֣
ɵȻ϶봢ָǲһ¶һѣƾֶΣǲɹҲ֡
ۣɨһȦھޣˡڻָʵɨԺһⲻֶôˣҪӦòٰɣҽҪϹƵҩǲˣ
̧ͷǾԲʥֵ֮ˮռЩȴѰĻҲԸһģͻ뵽ǸʲôȻ˿Ÿˣѵ̵
벻ʲộ㲻ȥ룬ÿռ߶ʮֲϸд˳й棬˵ЩϹȥעЩϵģҿҪĵҩǰǵд˵ҩģ⣬ر˵Ƴĵҩٷ֮һǼƷ
ЩɵƷҩ
ȥ
ǣˡ
߳ȥˣûлعɵҲһ߷ɵţƷҩĻǼٵģ


1298 һ̫ãʮӣ
ռǴռ䣬һ߰׵̨ӣ̨һĺ첼Ϸдšġ֣ǳϵı֤ƷҩĳŵһĲ֮ġ
̨ǰк첼ǱյľԲʥ
ǰЩӣ񣬶ʮڿռѷʱסʮߣѾߵУ˲֪˲
ԣϡġһٶʱ˵Χۣʶɨں첼棬ڸ̨֮ϵĳϣءԺȻ鲻Խתˡ
ң⡰ɢһǿҵĿҪЩһɸɾ
ϴ󾪣ϽֹסֿɢˡҪǵԼ⡰ġƣɾҪգɢ֮󣬳ﻹֱΪʲôı仯Ϣ󣬳ϲ²⣬ǲЩǿԡ˵һִƷ̫ǿңáԷ
ȷʵһ⡣ɨβȽȲȥʲôǲʯȥ̸֥ˣǵ飬ҲܷŹ
ϼԶʮֽģ˲ǿܵ˺̽֪дʲô˶뻽棬ȴɵվԱߣһ˵ɵ֪첼ݰɣ
ˣС֪ɵûа飬ԺһֱڻųϴӴȡͷŻضĻ棬ԽԽо봢ָԭһġ
ϲ֪ʲôֻǵͷ˵ͽ첼֣ʮȫסҪһֶ䣬Ҫһ̲ͣ
ɵһ㶣ϽӦǡ˷£ЩǣҲɵţһ⣬ɵƷҩʱˣ۷׷ס
Ʒҩȫţİɣҩʥ˵һ仰ʲôʸ˵
ǣʵͺңʵôǿ϶˴ʱﻹʱȥأ˼˭Ը⽫ռҩģװ˷ѵ
Ҳ˵һأ˼˵˿ڣҲмֱµģҵȥԣֻϧûҪģ

һһ˳϶󲿷˶ػɵ̬ȣҲûлţռһ͵飬ÿԳô˻ռĥ͸ţֻҪ˵һҳзˣͼ򵥶ˣֻϣϣõΧЩߣܹ߰ٶʮġ
ĳһһ˵ʦǻѵǸСȥ˵꣬ʦȻĿᣬʦ治ȥ
һȵ˵𣿡
ʦ𣡡
ӵʹļףʦûǹڵϣͷŷȻȥӼ״æȵߣ
ȥɣƷҩ˭ģĿ˵˻ϽǰȻ֮飬·ûΪʥ˶ȴţɡ
̤նԾߣֱڸ̨֮ϣ۾ɨʥ֮ȡһƷȵģ
ϿڡһɱİӣʵҪʲôҩ
൤
ӻ䣬Ǿͷ˳㣬һһľ⾪֪⡰൤ƣֻƽ˵ҩģ
֪㻹ʲôȳЦ⣬ǲ֪ⵤļֵǶ𣿡
㻻
һָյԲԣȣߣȴת˵Ը㣬ҩҲԸ㣬ǣҵҩģΣûɼƷҩΣ
ʮ㣡


Ҫ£ҪȣҪ֣ҪϳһۣЦ㲻𣿲Ҿ͹ȥﶪۣ
ҩģ
ظһ䣬̬ȣӼӦ£յЦˣܴȥ˵ȡҩģУҲܵһʱ䣬һ֮ڣûɣǾûɹ
һ̫ãʮӣ
һ㶣Ⱥеľֱӱһ仰ڳĬӻȵã
켴Цݸʢˣ϶ˣǡ൤Ʒҩǵ


1299 Ȼй
ʮ죬ҿôʮʱƳ൤ʮ֮󣬾ڣЦϥ˳ϵĶ棬۾һתתضųϣԴѹһ´֮
ϼ״ѹһ¯֣һ֣ðۿڵ֪ʦе¯һĴڣ
ɳϵãֱû۳¯䵱˵¯ʹ
Ӳʳôһ
𣿡
ЦŷʣЦˣǰٷ֮һٶ϶Ͽ϶ɡ൤һרŵ¯ûУܳɵ
ԣȻԣɣ
δţƵ˵ʵҲһǡûм˵ȥӵȴʮù۳ɵĻ¯Щ¯ȫԡڳϵĹ
ЩԹǣڵĹܵĳٻҪǸ̨ȥһ㣬ǾǿƲס
Ͻҩ֮ڿգӺ󣬹¯ҩһ£ӿһĻǲ⣬ȴһأΪЩҩµ˳Գ˵ơ൤˳
ҲֻضѣţͬʱʮŸ¯㻹Լǵ𣿼ֱԲ
һ桢£ö൤ͬСɣŵһⵤɣġļƻͼʵˣߣƵҩҲǵһΣ뷨ơʱŷУûרŵ¯¯ںϣ¯Ҳںϣҩһ׶ΣԷֿû¯صһֻʣһ¯ҩԣһ㶼ʧ
˵ǵһΣûжĵģľƵҩҲǴǧΣڻ¯ҩҲǸ֣ϵĵǣ൤ȷʵǱഺפһĵҩ
ϴЩҩ棬ǵ²ĹܣɲഺפܱѪ⡢Ѫȵȣʢ˥Ϊкܴ洦ϻȫ֪
ӿŹڿеľԲʥ񣬳ǿټЩҪĻ԰ǳ߳ӵģɱİ׷˵滹Ǽ٣޴ӿֻ֪ܱʮֵľ裬Ӧ䣡
кܶ໳ɣȴòУҲѣһӾҪ쾪ˣ˵ɣһڴ죬ǽɾˮˣ˭Ҳٻɣ
⣬ҲԳû֪һЩ⡰൤ʮֵطϵϡٵǵ׵塢Ͳóˡ
УԼʱЩҪصģ࿼ǿǣϴĲ࣬ƷĸǾ޽У
ⷬ뷨һ
һ죬ʮŸ¯ҩȫ֭ڶ죬ȡֱ֭ӱ֮ٳޣ죬¯ʼںϡ
죬ʮŻ¯ںϳһ
ӽһжʮŸ¯ǻǾȷȵȵȣһ©ûУٺʮΪһֶΣֳ˼֡
ˣӻžԵİգЦţӶˣƳĳ𣿡
ˣ¯Ȼϳһĵҩûкϳһţ罺ʰĵ֭һɵɾʱϵ֮С
ֱ֮һϱ㽫¯һ˿һ˿Ĳ̽ţǣ񣻳˼һ£ϻǾòɵ̧ͷŰӡ
ֱϵɵһ飬ֱѵ˲ԣţȴЦʲôǲİһ
Ŀⲻ
ٵģҲǲԣֻҪֻҪ㡭
ȰӼ˵ȥעص¯֮ϣӵ飬˶ƣǷ˹ܼ򵥡
½¯ĵ֭һ޾ÿһĸҩȫһģһ
ţһ¯ӿϷֳ˰ٷ֮һҩ֭ʼ
ٷ֮һʱ࣬ʱɡ
ɾڵɵһˣ治С۳Ĺ¯ˣ
Ȼй
̧ͷŰӣƱץ˸ŵС͵һȴȻ˵Уͱ˵󻰣䣬ܸȫʬ
Цʮʱ仹δ˭˭Ӯһأ


1300 š
ʮʱδһЦŶѣʲôأϵĻ˵˵ţ벻㻹ܿ⣬ǣʲôأ죬ҾͲţʱܽ൤ԭ֮һڣڣҪ޾Һԣк³
ӵ˼һ۶ѵ÷ֱֳͣһһĻ¯תۼʮҪһһȥȥԭ൤ʵȷʵܣһҪʱʱôҲ
ԣһݣͬʱʮ¯
ϷĲǶһҩģһҩģڻдﵽǰ㾳磬ҳŰҲҩϸϾ̫ԣϲ²⣬Ӷҩϸ˹һҩټǮ༸Ǯɾʹȥ
ʮζҩģһֶпܶ࣬һֶп٣Ŀԣֱǧ֣ڴˣķ𵥶áƵҩѪ
ͬҲǰ϶ϱԭ֮һ
Ѷȷʵ൱󣬽תۼ䣬ɫͲ԰һƬӼЦûкͷԵײȥţǧʮľҶݳǧ֣
һ𣬳Ժһɳܹݾ󷨣似ⵤҩɷ֣ôܹأ
£Ժиɳһÿһֵҩˡѡ൤ˡ󡱣ʼš󡱣
֮£ѹ
Ҳһô߷ݣϣһԣϵֹͣͿԲ𵤱˷һ¯ҩϣ÷
ʱתţʮ֮ڣʣ졣
㲣Ѿζҩ⣬Ƕ٣ûݡңĿ罣ȳʮ¯֣
ʱʮ¯ִ˾ʮҩĵ¯ֻʣʮҩϣ
ʮ¯һһ֣ϵʱѪѪڻ֮УʧȴǱ𣬶Ǳһ㡣
ӿѪӦø˵ģΪ˵Ͽ쵽ɽˮ;ĩ·ǣȴ֪Ϊʲô˲зӿһݲ
Ҳţ϶
ӽѹ£ݺݶԼ˵
ʮߣԭӦǴ󲿷ֶȥۿ֮ƴɱԣڣ˱Ե֮⣬еˣĿǰ׸̨֮ϣƻ֮У
̨ϳ˾ʮ¯ͻ˾˵찡˵жЩ򣬿ά˰죬ûϢһ̣Ȼܡ
˵ĻšˡȻǶ֮ǰϾڿռѷ֮¶ж󣬵һƬž֮УȴΪ˸˲䣬ӸոѹȥĲ֮飬ӿ֡
ά⼫ƽĻ֮죬ڣжӶס棬ϣ΢֮ɫһϨһ顣
ȻӵȵģֻʧȻţٶʲôãóʦʲôʲô𣿡
ھж֪ˣǱնɱǱϿסǰԣϵЩϢûб֮
һͷ𷢣޷ԶڻУʮ¯ͬʱѪֹһ֮󣬳ȷģֻζҩġ
һˡ
̫ӺӵĵƽʱеߣǸжڳϣǳڳϵģʼ˵ʱʱΪλ
Ͽһ۶գ۾ֱֱͷڷ
ҩȷͺðöˣԺеɳ̣Ѿɱѷ֣ս˫һҩ࣬һҩ٣ÿһ֧顣
šƴɱ¯ζҩҲڼر仯ͣؼٻӣʮ¯Ҳֳ飬ҩһӻǵݼ
̫գֱֱ£
ѾվЦݣֻʣ°ˣóϻƳɹĻᣬʦ㿴Űɣν˺ݺݲڽ£
ڳϵɱǲң˵ĲǶս˫ǳԼϵĽøΪңֻǳͬһƴɱѾӽβ
ҹˣʱһһ߽
еߣѾϣˡ
ӺεЦųӺˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ʲôʱʱأ
Цʮ¯Ӱ˲䣬֮Уֻʣһ


1301 ½ף൤
ʮ¯תۼ䣬ֻʣһ
Ψһ¯ڰӿǴۣԺһͷѵѾҳ˵𣿡һͷζţҳζҩ⣬ҪֱζǶˣҪ׼ȷ˶̵ʱǹҩʥҲǴ˵дڵĵ񣡡

һȣ¯֮Уҩ֭ӻ¯˷Ļȥµµ̣
ʱѾһʱˡ
ĵʱҪԷΪλˣ
գۼ䣬ʱȥ
̨֮ϣ֮Уӳڣӿ¯֮УܵĹ棬Ҳջݣ£һڻ¯Ϸ
һĻУ·ˣֺһ߻ò˶˳һʱ
Ȼ󣬾
Ҫ˵濴ģǶԳϺ޵üİӣ£¿趯ŵĻ棬ƿһ˹ĸ質
ţ˵ӣڴߣʮָɣڵ˲䣬Ͼ͸оԼĻڽĳֱ仯ʲô仯ȴ˵ֻǾû鶯ӻԾлˡ
򣿻棬ʲôţٶȣԷˣҲԼٶ档
۾ʲôûˣֻ£Ļ棬תɽˮȪˮ߾󲿷棬һԸɶ㣬Ż֮Уŵ趯
ʱ˶Щ֣Щ˾Ǻ޷֮˿
Ȼÿһ߶˽ȥһ߽ʥڴӵӻ˳ǣѪתͷ£λˣͱķ繫ã֮ˣʲôͷ
߽ţһ䣬Ŀɿڴؿ£ɢϢ૵ڽףͿҪΪнʥˡ
»ڴʱף˭Ҳ벻飬ԼҲоϵϢ仯ؼʱ̣ĺȵеˣ£˺£ɱ⣡
Գ˵ҲҪŴԱ
һ£رҲϤĴоɱǰӿϵЦݣƲѣµ𣬵ɷƸȥôһȣҲعһƷζϵĻƷζ˳ϺżǸӵġ
һƻյЦˣżҾżһ㣡£ӶһȣʲôķϽͣ£ٴӾҪˡ
³Ƭ֮УӵĺûӵĻû˵꣬Ѿ֣ӳһֱǱߡ
˾ȣٷеһй©ƣȻһɣ
ӵã֪ʮԲʥԷȥϵЩѣԣѡһЩʥҲֻ˱ᣬ¶ҲˣӶӰ쵽ϣóɣҪ
ӵĿģΪɱϣԣûƣ
գת۾ҪըתͷϿȥ˵ʮӵʱˣҿôóɳ൤
Ŀոȴһ㶣ȴǳԾնӰʧӰٴ֮ʱѾǼ֮ǰ㶣Ӧȴޱȵݣ֪Ǹûᣬʱȳһ֡
䣡
ըˣһƬأֱӱըƴӶ¡Уڸ˵˵ţԼҪѰģɹֲңը֮£㲻ҲҪˣ൤ʲô
˰ӣЩߣܽӴҲûвǰԸռѷش󣬶Ϊ׶༪ˡ
ըϢǵȴشûܵӰ죬֮ûаֻңϢȲѵнʥٽ㡣
ɢǳҫֿͦΣҲûܵһ˺
߾ŭųϺӣҪĳ൤أóɣͰ˫ȸն
һЦǻ¯ȵ൤ɣ
Ȼʧӿ¯¯С̶һƻȻ֮Уһŵҩ֮ͬ󣬽Ĺ
󣬹棬ȫڿգֻʣһţĵҩǹ֮£ԣ
治ɲǣֹͣ
൤½ף


1302 
൤ɣ
仰ð̵ֱ֮ðӻһ𣬰ͻͷǿ⣬ָСĵҩɵˡ
ҩɢϢŵ㣬ٿǵҩɫ
һеһУںʵرţŵҩģ
Ҳ˵Ľ൤ˡ
ңǼƷ
뾪ͬʱ·𣬡ǿɫĵҩĳ൤𣿡
ӦģҶŵǹɵˡ
еʲôã֪ʮʱ䣬Ƴɳ൤ôܣ
϶ģҸоԼ϶ģļƷ
ҪǹҩʥڴˣܹжϳǼˣ

˷ӸоԼҪˣѪˣ಻ˣˣɫҲ԰ˣôóɣôóɣ𣿵ˣҲɣ˼Ʒô죿һҪն˫ȣ˫֣ȻˣǺã
һʱ䣬ӱþ
ûȥӣתͷ£ʵ£о
µĿŵĻ棬ûһˣǳϣĿ⣬ǧصˣ»á
þͺá
΢΢һЦֶ˵£½ȶ
ǣˡ
ллˡ
µһǻ飬ȫΪȥ¼ᶨԼ˵˱͸ҵģСŮֻˣԹ޻ڡ
Ͽµ飬޷ֻͣװ֪תȥЦݲ٣˵൤ˣԼƷ
Ӳɵһ
֣ٵأ
ʲôģӸоԼģڱѽ͵شţʹͷ󺹣ڿУԲܾôģܳӮˣҽն˫ȣǣָΰأ

˪Ŀ֮£ˣ
˭ˣ
ӵ˼תţŸη񶨣Ŀ൤أԺһӲٺˣԴǵ˵ĵҩǼٵģ
һ˶Ϊ䲻ˣ¸ŭݣҪȴȺȵϴ󣬴ĹأԸķ䣬С䲻𣬾͸ðץסȻҽһһڳԵԴͷ
ΪֹѾû˻˵ġԡǼٵģһҲ˫һȻҲܳ˵Ĺ¡
һ˿ɱȴû£ֻк֤ݣ
һץ£൤㵽Уָס൤ȵ֤ݣ
˫гһ죬̤ʵ˵
һߣתͷʮߣ˵ҿ˵һķм
ʲô
нʳӳɹ˴ҵĺ棬򶨣ϻ¶Цݣŵ˵νһЩƷ׵ҩʦΪݳ޵ΪΪҡײƭⴴһĵ˱ǣɫȵһпԱ󣬵ǣģֻͽʵ濴ǼƷҩʵҲһͽ׵ҩ˵Ƴ˶ƷƷҩҲһ
ĻǼٵģ
߷׷ŵģвŵģϺޱʾȴǶ԰˵˵ȥ
ƤȻ񣬺֮ɫ˵Ҷǻ˼꣬ǧˣ˵ûרŵ¯۵Ļ¯ɵ𣿡
ûС
Ҳû

Ӽƫˣһѹֵ֣룬ƷôƵ𣿾ǹҩʥοοһ۵Ļ¯
ô
ƷƷ׵ĵҩô治Ƴѵ˵ģ

һʱ䣬ųϵģ˻ɣٴſ죬ǰҲǻĻ棬񻨱һ̺ĵôҶ˽ȥǣûУΪʲôôֲǱӼˣôΨһĿģǾԻǣǸĵģ
˵꣬Ӳȥۣתͷָųϣȵϣû뵽˱ӵһˣüƭˣ޳ֶܵΣƭң
ʵЩӣץסһзãģ˵˼ٵģûŭֻǵʵ㻹Ҫ˵𣿡
ȻУߵغȵûɳ൤ԣˣԣҪжԼն˫ȣ


1303 
òϣӺ׵˵˺ڵģþ󲿷ֵ߶Щ֮ŰӣһΪһ粻֮࣬Ϊ£̫𾪣ۻ¯ǼƷ֮ĵҩǶֻ˵ûԼ
ȻǴ˵ɵطǰֻʮ죡
ͱˣҪȿ³˫ȵİӣϵ֮ɫʧˣʵ൤кιЧ֪
һഺפ˻ޣͻƽףٲ˥֮ڣģ˽´˵֮ڣָܻ壬һʥԲʥ֮⡭
ÿ˵һЧһȣԱߵǸɵ۸ǷŹ⣬޲һֽǵҩץ̷ȥ˲Ŵ˵Ϊ棬ȴˡ
ʱȻ˵˾ֶΣʮɵģ˼֮⣬˭Ҳ
ϵͷͣ޵ȻһžϧȴӲ˵Ǽٵģ
ȷʵǼٵģ
ҽǶԼ֮ˣ˵ûã˵ǼٵҲûãϵ˵һƬ˼ȻǲڣǴϣⵤҩģرЩк첼֮ˡ
üһû뵽һ飬ֱӾܾ˻ɣԣʵҪ˭˭ʸ񣿡
ֻҪǳʥ˭ʸ񣬽У´˵֮󣬿ǷָΪǷǼ٣Լ
һһ佫˵ʮ߶˸ɫһ䣬Ҫ水˵Ҿ͡Уóѡ
ӽϵĲ԰֮ɫָЦ˵ⲻǣһУеΪΪҩָƣ˵
ʼգҽԲ֣ܲͬɵִУ
ϵһֱӿ˰ӵĹƣתȥɫ˵˭һԣ˿ӦӾ͸ϽҿҪˣ˵Ǽٵģ֮ˣǾǰˣΪҲƽѻָǽԶǰһпܣǾʹһغ𣡡
ӽ˵÷ǳأǲǰһԣΪһԣ¶ˣʱɲǶԼ˵⣻ʮ⻰ԥ˸ǰԡ
ԴˣֻһЦʣצ׸ȡ˳߾ڿգʵʲôҿ֪ܲͼʶ˰ɣ
ǶǰЩ콫ը˵ķ𣿡
ǰ˵ⷨƷףǳ
찡

ϵȴ۵òˣ˵˵Ʒףǳ죬ֻҪ˭Ըһԣģ
С
ˣһצ۷Ź⣬ǿǳҪõУˣĺöֵһˡ
ֱε֮УѾˣ޷ܾջ󣬾ЩĶָ
ʱһ𣬡Ը⣡
һȴǽˮ¥̨ȵµɵɵڼѾһõļƻ൤̷ܹҲģΪá
һãɵҪ۵Ƿǣݺϣӣʮ߷ģƴɱƴɱһĻˣ͵ͷ
ãɵֶΪ
õģϧո£ӾԵУˣԲСӲͣţ˵ͣȴŶԲߣô죬ԵģųԵˣֹһô죿
ɵɵڵˣ˵֮︡ģ޵ĺڣҪôӽϣʮеһԱ˾Ҳˣɵģ粵ȴϵĿɨɵСǡһ˵֡
̩ȻĿ⿴翣ȴʼŰӣ֪Ӳʹ϶ʲôڴʱͻ뵽ҪԣҲҪеУû˵ԣα٣Ȼп˵ĻɣҲֻǻɣûƾʵݣʲôأңҲҵϻٵ
ţѾž뱩ȷֻҪһ˵𵤱ʱ͵ϣ˵żٵţ˵


1304 ҩʥһ
żٵţ˵
ӿΪ˱ӣΪ˹ҩӸϣ߿һ֣ţѵǿŵҩȷʵǼٵģҪ
һ𣬲¶ԥãȴҲҪȥʹòУ
ȴŰôģ϶б⣬ڡ൤иʲôģԣŵҩϲûгȥӣȴҲûнҩƻȥ
ǣҩס
סҩһ˲֮䣬ϱо൤һɱ֮ܣ൤ƣʲô֮ʱûɱϢ
ϾһУŰӣһЦղȥס൤ֻ¶൤ըٵĽ
һ൤ը٣ȫ죬˵ˣ
񣬿ŵҩϣ׼ǵҩ֮ʱһ¡ը죬ҰҩѾɵ˳ϵ֮С
ǣð𾪡ʧǣҩûը٣
ҩûбôأǰ˼⣬֪ڵҩ֮ϵıİ֮£Ѿһɶ
ŬȶԼϱֱ仯֣ȴֹסزҩûԣô죿
תʮ˵˭ҶһѣҸ˵Ϊ棡ңõһ̷һŻʵĳ൤Ϊ
ɵ۾ֱų൤ƲѣŰֲԣЩˣĴǶģ콵
֮˼ٻԾԾԣӼ״ĵشžĳ൤ǲһ˿ӮĿܣҪģΨһ
൤ԭǳ൤ֲϷʮ֮⣬ŵŨĵ㣡޾ҹʮ߾ʱɵʮ֮⣬Ҳе㣬ţҲ̫˰ɣ
ǣʲôô飡

϶Щףʮ֮⣬ǻûʲôñŵİһ㡱ȫ£ߵһӰϿӰĵһоһɣ
ɡ
У˾ȣҩʥ
ԭǹҩʥֲʮ֮ŵζ
ҩʥ

ȻӰ˵ҩʥһеȫʧˣǹҩʥ֪ҩʥƷΣҩʥ
ͻ뵽ĳĳ£ǲ¶ЦݣҩʥҲûʲôҲûжʱˣ
˼Ʈ֮䣬ҩʥѾ̨֮ϣɫѣȴ˲佫串ǣЦݣ˵ҩʥԼֱĳ࣬͸˵ö֮ҵ
ҩʥͷ԰˵ϷǵһŵŨĵ㣬ϷͲţ㵤ĵҩǼٵģ
ɫ䣬ȴҷ
ϸЦҩʥǺ˼һˡ
ҩʥ˵ǷתԳ˵ܰѳ൤ҿһ𣿡ԳϣҩʥûԳϷ򣬶˵ˡҡ
뿴
ºͣ൤ҩ˹ȥ
ҩʥŵҩ˵״̬ȫˣͦɰȻӭѩеĵҩ棬ʮ߶һ˿ޣޱȣƾǵһ룬
ҩǼ٣ȫڹҩʥˣ˵棬˻ɣ˵٣˶ţ
κ
ҩʥۣųϣʵ˵ɣ
ʮߣ죬أǳԿɼ֤
˵ҩʥͦ΢ʵܷ֪ƣʱã
ҩʥޱȣѯЩ죬Ŀ綾߰㶢ŹҩʥƺֻҪҩʥ˵˵桱һ໰ļ󣬾Ҫҩʥڷ
ֻʮѡ
һЦû㽫ơ൤ĳ˵һ飻ȻСйؼĵĶû˵ҩʥ
ҩʥֱ֮Ŀ˼ʮߵģ֪Ǽ٣͵͵Ǽ٣һ𣿹ҩʥôͲ˵أ
ҿģǼٵģҩʥֱӾͽҩˣﻹõԵҩʮֵϣ
˭֪أ
Щ˫֮䣬ӿ
ӣɱһ֣ӻһݣתͷҩʥҩʥȻû˵ȴһ𾪵Ķ
ҩʥϹųһݣ


1305 ִʦ֮ģʦ֮
ҩʥһݣɷˣ
ӣʮߣԼ
찡ҩʥϹ£ʲôŹҩʥû𣿡Щ֣︡Թǣ֣һ߷ֵĳϣæ֣Ҫҩʥ
֪ҩʥ
ţ˫ϥҵأֱֱ
δǰĻлعǣ˿̿ҩʥ¹Ļ棬ǿĸ͵һ̶ͣǶ֪ҩʥһ;ϴޣƵڶ˸ҳƵһ
ɾһˣʱ˹ˡ
Ӹ𾪣ӿģŭɱҩʥȻһ仰δ˵⶯Ѿʵرġ൤治ˡ
æǰһҩʥ˵ҩʥСӿɵҩʥһ򣡡
չصΪͽص𣡡
˻һЩֹ߲ͣ˼Ҳֹͣˣ֮󣬲ţҩʥŰΪʦôˣ˷񣡡
ʱûǿš൤Ǽٵģٵġ൤ôҩʥ˾ٶ
ͷȫ۳һɱ֣
ҩʥȴȫ˵仰Щߴʲô𾪣ϴ޴ʲô𶯣ֻһϣߵһףΪͽ
ҩʥϷȴʦȷеġ൤ǼƷɣÿһƷ׵ĵҩƷ֮һ󣻿ǣ񣬾һƷҩҲֻƷеľƷ뼫Ʒһ֮Ѱ֣նʧΪ֡
죬òϣôܷ
ҩʥʲôƳƷҪȻûУ߸ͲȣмƷδţδ֮һУŹҩʥҩʥûΧͿĿˡ
ڹҩʥȷ൤ǼƷ䣬ҩʥ;ҪƳƷļѧ֣ǣ˼ƾʲôƼƷĶżһزʶˣ
ҩʥ˼ȥҲֻаʦһ;ˣ
ԣҩʥˣϥˣߵˡ
ҩʥģվֱӣûӦȻ֪ӦչҩʥΪͽôǣһμҩʥ֮ǰδ˵ҩʥһʲôˣǼңаǶȵȣ϶һ֪£óȻӦնΪͽҲΪǧȣж֮£Ϊͽ
Ժͷ˵ҩʥ棬ûôʣǿ֣̽д裬ɲ㡣
ó˵߽ǲţɵ︹̣Ʒи˵ϴޣǷŵޣʮʱƳƷ൤ģҲδй
ҩʥȴߵ˵ڶףҷڵأ˵صһڵڵνΪΪһ󣬲ΪΪֻΪһ;߾磬Ϊͽ
ϿŹҩʥϣֱҩʥ˵Ϊ棬̫ˣֻҩʥ෴յյΪΪⶼ֮ˣֳջҩʥϣΪʦҲͲʲô𾪵¶ˡ
ˣֵþء
ˣûӦ£˵ҩʥ֪ƼƷķҿԸ㣬ھͿԺޱظ㣡
ҩʥ̧ͷ뿴˵Ǽ٣ҩʥ˫峺һ˿ʣĿ⣬ҩʥţ˵һΪ档
Ȼҩʥߵ˵ףһһ˵صԸΪʦʦִ֮ʦ֮ġʦ֮ģڣΥģ飬ܼ尾
˵֮󣬹ҩʥ³ξѪξѪƽҩʥղ˵֮ȫ棬󣬺޺ۼ֮УӰ٣
֮еľѪ֮ģ
ȺУһȣһ֮״ҲΪҩʥ˵𾪣Ըͽģ˶ҡǿʳ磬˴ˣѾټˡ
𾪲ΪҩʥΪյľѪھѪϵг̶ȣǷͬһ㣡
ԺУһƬ֣һͻشԹҩʥ˵֮֮֮ģҪأ죬һУ㵱Σ
ҩʥ𾪣̧ͷϽӴĿ֮䣬ҩʥǸо˳ŨŨ⣬𣬼̶һߵ˵ҽִʦ֮֮֮ģ浤
ã
ϲԥ˵һ֣Ҫ˵ȥһֱնҩʥԴ


1306 ͽҲ
ҩʥΪͼŭ˰ӣɱһŨŨһֱûҵʵĻᣬĲǹҩʥһڴԲʥ·ĳϣҩʥȻҲǴԲʥһսôǿ˵Բʥܹնɱҩʥ
֪ʮߵ棬նɱҩʥʲôĺ޷Ǹȷϡ൤ǼٵģǻΪ֮ǰǶŭȺ𼤷ߣҪɱ
Щҩʥŵ˳ͽȣ̫̫ࣻҩʥ˳ϵͽܣϺȻڣңҩʥʵҲΪϵʵҩʥȻҲһߣûͽ֮࣬ǣϴޣǷҩʥ飬ҩʥõģȴ
ѾΪУƾųϴȥ˷Ϲȥʦѹܽܵģֵģ
ˣӻ˳ȥƴˣҲҪҩʥˡ
Ϊ˴ﵽһɱĿģһֱڵʱ˵Ǹáʱظоҩʥһǿҵļ˷֮顣
һ˵ڼ˷ʱ͵ģ
Ϊһ̣Ǵɱʱ̣ˣѸ㣬ˮ֮ܲΪգֵնҩʥԴÿɲնɱ˹ҩʥŽҩʥնɱ֮󣬽Ҫˣ
һУôã
ڰӳֵһ˲䣬һֱзĳ϶ˣվڹҩʥҩʥ˹򹥻ͬʱһʽץס˰ӵ֣֮˳Ϯ壬һڰڱըը಻
ֻһϢĹ򣬰ӵľͱ˸߰˰ˣɫ԰ޱȣ֮ӵĵΧ֮󣬳ɿ˰ӵ֣̤֮ڵء
󣬳ϼ˵Ϊͽӽҳµӣ
ʦϣܵݣ
ҩʥϲãˡأߵ죬ߵ֮󣬹ҩʥûվȻڵϣ˵ɡ
лʦ𡣡
ҩʥվ֮ɨķȵлҼ֤صİʦ֮񣬴ӽ޹ҩʥֻ֮йصʦĵˣҹصĵˣ˭ʦȲȹҹص壡
أִš
һƬĵ£ֹ£Ȼϣˣ
ǵ죬ŵô󣬰лزȸųһˣΪأ˾Ȼ˹ҩʥʦ𣿡
治Ըջ࣬Ϊ鲻Խظһ뷨ˣҲһѡ񡣡
ٴ̾˹һж
ȴ飬Ҳ̾ҽǾ̫ˡ
ϴҩʥ˵꣬ץӣǰ̤һ˵ҵĵ˺ܶ࣬أ֮У뽫նɱһģҲע⣬ʲôΪҪ֮ͽұذٱ
ʦ𣡵Ըʦ𹲽ˣ
صΪжһЦ԰˵ȻҪͽأ죬֮Ѫ֤֮ʦͽ֮
ͽܣҲʦҵʦɱ𣿡ӳвʣ𣿸𣿡
ǹЦʣΪβأ
ոշʳڣԶһ𣬡㵱𣿡ޱȵƣЩǣһϢ֮С
ӿϲʦ𣡵ӸˣԸл
²˭
һӰֳϥգһĽװͷϸһ񶥣üм䣬һ֮ɢһŨϢ۾סϣĿڿʱžžѿ
ųϣţСӣ˹µĲ˹һ£Ҳ֣ù޴棡
жʮһǹ֣ηضĿ⣬һһ˵ҪҲ
ڳϸĿ潻棬ЩԾһ»Сȴ˵Կ
켴Ŀܴ
Ǻǡ
Цһ۾ûܣֻԺСۡ˶ʮĿǣͬʱϡڡðһŻ棬ֱӽӸС
ûϵϸĶ֣ŭ֣
ϼ״ֱӳг


1307 ȳģв٣
ɲǣϾϵ϶棬ԣԥʼʩצ֮У
Ŀ⽻棬֮ʱӿצ׳еѾ֮ǰԸǸצ屶ǲҲǿ
֣㲻˺ѿռ䣬Ҳޱȣû֣ʹʮõǹһƳɽ壬һѹһ㡣
ͬһ˲䣬ӳצ׳ںȵ
䣡
ը춯أеֻƣֱӱը÷飬һ˿ۼɴ棻ȻըܣûбһֻƸȫн֮ܣ
˵ϲʹʱ˿̣ҲСЩԾҲֻһѣˣѾǵڶˣ֮ǰֻצףӦһײŶԣһ׳ȷ뿪УըЩԾǿ˲١
ŵʱ˫Ƶ磬˺Ŀռ䣡
Ǳߣӵҽк಻ϵ𣬴Ķŭ֣ȴڲȣϾը֮Ϳģǿ
ǿԶѭܿЩЩһɵ£ǣɾ£ȴȥһˣ٣˳Ц˵ѩϼ˪
ʦϧΨСһԸɱгϡСӣʦȫӵ϶һҽ֮󣬰Ӻȵ
ҪԱ˳ϣɾں˲䣬ϵĹֱ֮ӽȻ˵İӵĵ˸ɸɾӱ޿ɱֻһ˫۾Ϊҽ
ʱ˺ռѷ죬һܣļ٣Ȳռѷ콫ȫ֣ʮơ
ˣŽıըܸ
һʱ䣬֮ǰվĵطһۿȥֱֱվӰѾʧеģֻһ
о޾ĳ裬˺ݺݵһ⣬²˭ôڶߡ
ʵϣѾòˣ
ʮ߼ĲӣɱǸӣǿľҵֱţѾãɲǷô۸ģôӣɱͽܣɱŹ֣ϧҩʥհΪʦ£ҩʥҪˡ
ҩʥվڳߣһȻ
һ˵ӣ㻹֣ǿŮеˣɵֵסҪˣŮľҪһˡ
ֵסǿɲһ
ʲô˼
Ů˵ϣЦɣɣҲһģ
ģѲҪܵס

˰Σ˵ãҾˣҪʲô
Ͷϵĺ췽´ľ顢輳ʯһԶ˵߼þȵĿ⿴񣬡ô֪߼
ڴµġ
Ź֣߼ϣСҪӣ˻ûгΪŮôˣ˵
˳ְæѣ
ô죿
ģ
پȴǺԥ˵˸á֣ΪҲǳ˲ֱǸ̨֮ϵĳϡ
һߣĿϣһ㿴˵ɱ֮ͽҪٱ೥Ҫɱ㣬ɱһй֮ˣй֮ߣ¾Ͳţ㻹óһ
˵ţҪ֣ȴ־һ壬˵ûˣǱȳģв٣Ҫԣ
Ҫƣסˣų˵Ǽ٣˵ţΪȳĴڣΪ񣬶û˵ֱϣóϲûаյ£
Цʵ˵ˣͲȥƽˣЩŵˣѵͲ𣿡
ĿʥȾһɣ־Ҫӳ˾£ɳֵչҪô֮ˮҪôó첼ϵĲ໻Ҿ壡
䣬ɱĿ⣬ԶϮ


1308 ˮ
ĿеɱӽʵʻֱӭϣɱĵĿƴɱ֮С
΢ɱȻ֮أ࿹Ⱦ˶Ѫŵͬʱټӣһ̱һСӣһٱƣ
ɫĿ⣬ɱ֮Уɢ貵ĽɫâʮߣۣɨĿģ޼󲿷һɨ֮˫ۣҽС
㻹ҽӣ
иʱоϵĿⷢ˱仯ֱֱתⴿֱӦ
ֱûдеǳʼԺڶʽתţɱĿ⣬ҲתɱĿ⣬һһؾĿڶС
ɣ

񷢾˲Ȼ£ɱŨҪƿĿڶͬһʱ䣬ɨһɨһУɻɨôԶȻûиоϵ
ѹѹ£һߣԣƽ棬ѹͬһΡɽϵİһˡ
˿̣ѹڴɽ֮ס

һ¶ݣת֮䣬ǾݾͱЦݣӵаߣ֮٣ȷʵϬңǣһƣǰˣͽʧ꣬һľżͬʬ⣡µĻˣе壬ıȳҪֻҪİеʯͷ࣡ƣƱƣ
ҪƳϰȴûʹ񱩣ǿɱУΪ˼ɳ壬ǱȳϱƵ˵Ҳһܴ鷳
ҪһҪôأ
ţԺֳһ£һֻܱѾڵĿˮ֮УǱһӾ˳ֻ΢Ƥ֮ˣûвٽͬһֻܣŽ䲻ȵˮ֮УȣܺˮɷˮʱܲžѹʱѾûֻܻ
½ˮܡ
뵽£ʱ֪ԼˣҪһһļܹܹƵϣоɹǰ·ֿɼȴʼղ׽أľѪȵȣȫݽ֮ϢУص磬ֽһƣ
ʱЦ
ôģҲôģɽѹźۼرǰֱһʱŸо˳ϵһнʥôܲôһ
˺ܴľѹסһٽǰҵն÷һСһһظ˽ȥڸĹ֮УСż΢С˲ı仯
ϥգվ̨֮ƴɱһ̣ײײ춯ذըƴɱǣճ̶ȣȿüƴɱʢ򱶡
ֻоǺԽԽѣؼǹϢϢӵŨ
Ͻ汦壬Īѹ˾֮£ֻҪ汦壬ͿԲѹǣսԼԴﵽɳĳϣôôһûأ
Ǳѹ֮µİϢŨ˰㹰ӣҪվ𣬽ϵĴɽһƷĿڶҲڼѵɱ
ʩչЩ⣬ؾҪ൲ӦҪһɲǣͻط֣֮ǣ޲һƾͽĳ⽴Ĺеᣬԣе㣬ررᣡ
Ϊʲôˣ
ȻΪǺ̽Ǳ汦סˣͽܰʦҲȻʦͽ
ɣϱûչĹֻ䣬Թ۲񾿾ʲô
״̬أȴΪƻóѶĵЦСӣͽΪֻˮܣжıǹµģ
Ӻ󣬳Բ԰֮ɫĹôᣬΪʲôҸоѹԽԽףոʳϱһףĿȥĹ
ܵʱѪ
ˣȷšˮܡļƻһʧģ
Ϣ󣬳͵ۣԭˣ


1309 ᣡ
⹥湻ģϧȴģϲͼһЦȻҪᣬҾԸᣡ
ûҰһļǿϣΪѵתֿʵؽѹɽ֮¹Ӳд·һ˲ҪεĿڶתҲʼ̵ɱһһ磬˰磬֮һ磬ķ֮һ硭
ʵϣȴܣǰɱͬɽڳۣűһ̣ңԺУ롱ƤϵǳѾ롱ڶʮſţ
һϵɫȲ԰ף⵹װģǻʵģ
񿴵ϵһзӦ룬ǷϣҲǲһ˿ʣɿԽԽ԰׵ɫӣѪǣ˿ʱɾӵ˾⡣
ô֪ԼһֻأԼļƻ˾Եģôûǿʵ֧ţӲ
˶ţص߶ʱ׼֣¡ִʦ֮ġԸ˺ʦ𣬴˿̣ڹصУѾ˵ˡ
Ҳƣ׼ǵһ½ǵյýѾǸɵҲһƴ̬֮ǣȴźţʲô˼Ҫ浶ǹȭߵظɰҲлӽҪҲðҺڰ
Զ˵ɣô˵ðɣ
ûе˭˭Ӯɲһ
ܵȵʲôʱ񶼸㲻һӮԣ׼߼
Ҳ׼ϲʾüëȴţ˰Σ˵СӵĹŹֵ治٣ɱȣǿɿѹˣ˵е壬ǱȳĴڣ
˵أ档
ĻǴӺδã˵ţĿͶ˵Ǵ߳ģǶҲǴã
˵أ
һЦݣ棬Ҳֹ˭֪СǴĳģŮסˡ뵽ŮڽɽϣһǼвһߣȻôƴ϶Ϊһ̤񾳽磬ȻٰСӣŮ򰡣
޴УСȻ˯УСŮ˫գһİͣУǿĺٴ˳һѵõأΧӿԶԶȥͺһͷһ㡣
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת֮䣬ǹһӣġˮӽˮ״̬״ԿҲ˼¡
ҲģѾ˽꣬Ժеǳ롱ʮţǳˮԺǸɱĻ棡
ʱţޱȵӣӦѾݽ߾أǵһʱˣҪһٹƣܸĻᣡ
һų˵Сӣסϣˮ·ֻܣ
Żǡѹɽ˲ֱǿʢԸ֮أСǵ£ϵռ伷ɱĿ⣬ɢŽ⣬γɹһ㣬ֱƳĿڶ
ʩչһųϰƣʧǣ٣ʹ֣ɱϮȻѣٳ֣壬ǿżƷ൤ҪɱɱһУ
Ȼʩչ󣬲ûһУûƣ֮£ɱҲûնĿڶ̧ͷ˳ϲȻЦݣȻȻȷʵЦ
ʧô
֪𣿡
Ц˵һ壬Ϊ壬˵ˣǱȳķʲôѹɱǰã֪Ʒף汦˵汦𣿡
汦ǿ
񱻳һ˵ˣһ̣ϿХҧǰѵɱڶ̹ɱѹɽһˣ
ųϵХɽˣ
ޱȣ޿˵Ȼڶתҧס֮ꡱԺ
ˮǸеɱƱϳһԼɱ߷壬еɱ棬
ѹɽѹסİ͵ֱӡ


1310 Ҫһ
еѹͷųܵĪѹرǳϽƾͼƣṥ֮ƣѹ
ɢע֮󣬱Ȼ
ԺС롱ʮǳתڶΪӦʵʻɱɳڽɱͬʱҲ˽Եİ
ȴϣѹ֮£ԺС롱ʮǳȴ͵תһλãǰҲǱٱڰӿǣѹɽȻ飬ޡ
ˣûн
ѹϮķ򣬷˻ȥ񻹴ѹĲ֮Уͽ֣֮ɫȻɽɫ
һѪ罦ڿգӣ˺
ѹ٣ѹ£֮£ɱܵӰ죬ǰ֮ʵ飬ѷ鲼ԥؽ֮ȫС
ɱĿ⣬۽â͵ʧɱĿڶͷʯû
ѹĻ𣬴ɱͬʱȫûɱĻܰϮˣΪ
˿̣ţаǰҲڱôŶԣңЩ󲿷Լģ
벻ף̧ͷ۲񷣬˼ȭȥ
һȭܻڶȭǣ˰֮⣬ûһɫİ
Զ⻭ȫļ¶֮ݣȻˣȻ𹥻Ȼٱûһݽߵӣ
Ȼ˼Ĵ󾪣һ
ȴǵȻ˵ģˣɡ
һ̣Ҳòϣȷʵˣһۣ췽߼Ĳ֮ģ˳ȴڷȻ󲨣ӣ֮Уǿӻһ϶֮ܽķ繫ôһ˽ãѾǿɳĵز
ģоһ֮кϴ޵ľƣ츲صı仯ĳһ̶ֳ˵ģǸȭСӡ
ûƵϵİϮ֮Уô񣬵̤šߡȥʱĸоӿȫͼưͬʱˮԹ򣬻һƣȣ򣡡
ʹ֮˽Ծǳϣü˸оȴظܵˮԹġ򡱣𾳽ʹ֮
˵һ򡱣˵һСأ
Ͼʹ޾ⷽУһ룬ϾͷԼڵԪҺԵĳ֮УҲӦؼӦеһϢӻ򡱲סòãˮȴʱ޿̲ڹųϵӡ
ʹڴ롰򡱵һ˲䣬ͻˣϧõǣޱȵİÿһ缡Ѫ⡢ֱϢ֮¡
ˣϻûжܣҪѹѹİ˭һ뵽ıһݣԺм롱ǳ
ʮһǳԺ֣ʹֱǡ
ҧ롱ʮţʱб֮Уݼ㣬ȵˮףҪһģþٵ壬ǳܴǿ
£ϽʮšʮĿšʮšʮſţһĿǳһʱȫ롱ʱϵӱǹ֮ɫ֣ǹ֮У忪ʼǣңﻹһҪƿڴ󺰴еĳ嶯
ǣֹסɳ嶯ǹŰǳܣͬһʱ䣬ǰһϾֱףȫǹ֮ɫȭͷ
ûдȻֻƣѹϱĿš򡱣㣬γɵҲ϶㣡
ۣĴѰң񵱳ĹΧ㣬һ
Ǳߣ뼫ͬʱǿգΪղ˸оܹǳһǳֵɲǣǳϽʮſǳ롱ɲǡ
Զ֮ڴ޵һӣ͵פ㣬һǳǳˣ⣬ǵҪѰ֮ˣ
꣬ϴ޷ȥٶȣӵؿ죡
ߣ۾ͻضסһĵ


1311 ȭ

йںϣγһδ룬ԴĴɱ֮һһɱУ˾ֻлΪһֵ
ڣеĲһ֡򡱲ܽסǿҸоʳΪʴԭ𣿡
֮£һ߷ӿˮá򡱼ǿһ߻ţƲ˵ģƵģ
ڣѹǰơø࣬϶ղ׼һ㣬û֣ǳѹƵѹǱǵ׵ӣ
˫ѹ֮£תơ֮İ翪բŵˮ⣬ϲعۼϵֻȭϡ
ȻˮǸڣΣգǣǼǣʹУȴȫҪԼȥܣȥŹǲҳԣ־ǿͣϼֲ˵һˮףʮˮҲһôҲû
оʱúʹŰĳϣȴʱ̫̫ˣӣָ״̬ѾԶ
ԼӹȥߴСȵȣȫָ״̬ͬʱоⲿѹѾԽԽ΢ԣٲٶ
Ȼ㲻á򡯱ǿǾˣ򡱵㣬Ǵ۾޷Ŵȭɰɣ˿ʣһţˣΪȭ
նȭǸڳзŵޱȴ֮һȭϴӿʼһڿգȭƣ
һȭ޺ڶ⣬Ӵƥܣȫѹȭͷ
֮򣬻ˮ֮ˮڵĹ򣬶ڡȭǰȥӲ޾֮Уһͨ;ֱͨǴ㣡
ǡ꣡
һӡд˳ʱоԼƲˣάֲˡ򡱣о̣ȥȴںϳɵġ򡱣ͬѩһ˷ѿȥһӰѵġֱ֣ʧ
ˣ
ûȫӰЩʧʵû£۾ͻȻһֻȭͷһݣץһ޴Ĺ൲
䣡
ǳƳİȭڹ֮ϣ촫δƣȴǲ˽߰Ѻۣ͸ǶϮˣѪ
𾪣޷˵ں֮Уȴ˺һռѷ죬بڳ׷·ϣԷɱǰ
ʵϱͲ׷ɱȥĿѾﵽˣջѾˣҪֻ轫汦һףпܲ󳾣ûԼ˺Ŀռѷ
̫
Ϊһͱ汦ӣǺڲѣǸʱԶûôֶΣôǿ󣬺к׷汦Ψһѡ
֮⣬һʵǣȷʵûֱӡЧطӦԿռѷ죬ǳǿӦԣǣȲսʧˮףϲÿζˮףˮԵ޹ʵӣһ죬ˮԵ޹ʵȥǺã
Զ񿴵͵ؽһȭˣЩɵѿڶʣӣŮһˣȷнʥǵؽ񣿡
ҪǲͣŮۣں˵ȴţ黹ԺҲҪһˡ
ֹס˵˵Σųϣһ壬Ц˵ˣһй汦ǰͽͣ
֮ǰ˵֮Щţ˵ԥҲãǼôƵġ򡱣
˵棬汦»ȥҪɱ㣬˭Ҳ㲻ãԣЦ˵ʵҪɱңԶ
в£
вģܶࡣںЦ㶼ˣأҲ˰ɣ˵ҽˣǻδ㣿Ǹػأ㣬ٹϷ
һݣϯԺֱֳˡʹˮ仰ҿ϶뼫Ҳˣֻûгֶѡ
Ѿת̨ȥﻹ˵ţˮ֮򣬹ž֮ˮĹĴԲʥ˵ʲô¶һص̨ʱ㻹ȣҾͰ㴦Щˣ鷳㣡
һԣɫٱ䡭


1312 Ǽ
˵Ǿ仰ʱĹĸҧúأҲ˳ϵĻ֮⣬ʮߵ棬ҪǾԲʥˣǳأԲʥẮģиʥ˶ẮģȻԵ¹¼ҹˣǣΪȥ֪أ
ȻȵĻǾͱˣһһʥˣûԼбһʥƵ˽˲þصһ졣
ųһһ̨˼ҲѣĿϵ汦壬汦汦ʲôķδιû˵֪˵汦ĳϣҲ汦һʲôķ
ԳϰȻʮֵĲˬ֮⣬ɵҲƵ˼£л⣬񶼲ΣѪĶ͵Ҫʧܣǽֿ϶Ǳޱȡ
̨оŲĳϣɵ뵽˹ͷͷ֣ǿ϶ܹΪȴʦ뵽ɵĿѾᶨһɨϵΪԺ󣬶ˣ
ˣ
ĶͷϣɫԽӱˣˡ򡱣˿ռѷ֮⣬дɱУɾõǳĲֵá
ʱ˿̣ˣ߸Ҫ˶ٹܹ˵Ŵ磬Բ࣬һΪӢɫ·Ц˵ҲǵģҪһУʦļƻʦǰ֡
·ýƽȴϵ˵ʦȥȻпǣ¶кҲлûһУʦؼʱ̳ɱ֡
ˣ֮ǰֹߵǸˡ
磬ǸճСӣڿ϶Ѿˣɫ·˵ͣǱģʦ֣ճСôӵõһ֪ߵغˣã
ϽԸЦݣǸɫ·Ц˵ճСӣҲһ£ΪԼ񣬾ͺ˲ˣ֪ʦôͷأ
ߴ̽Ϣ˫ȱըˣ˫Ҳˣϸ˺ۣ˵ѾˣпܣѾΪһˣĻߺߡ
ҪҪ
ˣ˵ˣϾҪʦˡǸ˺ֹǣ켴ӰһڴƲ䣬
ճǾһţ
ѭȥЩ죬ٻͷֻǵʦͷЩңǻѪɫޱȣ˵𾪵ʧǣһͬʱһʣѵʦˣ
ţڶʣ˭ʦܵˣ
ʸմðһǵȳһ塱֣תͷϣĪʦܵˣ
ҪʱȴǶųŭȣСӣվס
ϽŲδͣǰ̤ͬʱһ֣ģ
Сӣ˵û𣿸ӻû˵꣬ϴĻ˵Ǽۣ֮ˮһˣ
ӡ
ӱŭɸ˵֣һӡѸײڶ֮ƣֱӽӴѪһָ繵ְبϡ
ӡӸˣӷɵǣתͷˣǸճСӣʦ𡪡
ʦҡ﷢ˣ񵭵˵죡
ӵȻֹʵӺ޹ܵùڳһӵԹ޴йߣһһȻͳĳͲ
ҲŵؿǰһУǲ֪ڸĹУ׷ʲô£ΪʲôϵĴģȫһΪʲôʦ⸱״̬Ϊʲô
̤һ
õ˿˿Ժһ뵽һ仰ӱʮ겻仰һˬˣҪɱһʥȻҪʮ꣬οĵ
뵽һ仰Ҫ˵ĽָңҪúܸߣԽߣˤʱԽʹ仰ЩͻˣǲԸעž֮ˮɨһдšġĺ첼󣬶ĳ˵˵ú첼ϵ໻


1313 Ź

פ㣬س֣ͳĿǰԣϣĸΪˮ֮ϾҪҵö࣬Ȼûˮôǿһ׿ռ󣬶Ժƴɱ
˵֣һоŭ𣬡ΪʲôҪɿҪǲӦ¾͡
͡ʲôû꣬˵Ĳܻһˣ
㡭
ŭˣȴЦ˵𷭱֮ˮһȻҲҪУɨһӣʹӣǻҵز

ȳ֣ϣڱƹ£
㣿˼Ķѣû˿ңˣɾͲܸˣ˼Բʥף˵һ죬Ϳһɾ֮Ҫ˵ĻǾԶûˡ
ҡͷ˵̤һһ
վ˸̨֮ϣԥģһֱ֮Ϯʥϳֺˮʱȣס֡
沢ûʧһԶȡżģ»ˡ
תʧЦŹ
һ仰ֹ޷ŭתĴӺȵǻʲô
Ĵӣտʼ֪Ҫʲôһʦ˵ĺ첼Ǻ첼ɨȥȻٶóдġ
ϼ쿴첼ǸЦݣǰߵ̣ڣǵǿˣ
Ӽ״Ҳѧɨ첼һɨȴɫ䣬оǺ첼ڷǵɫ󾪡
Ӿףʵôˣ
磬йŹ֣ǵڱ첼ɡ˵Ӹɻղɨȥû¶ȴ⡣
£Ҳɨȥɫ䣬Ҫ֮ǣѶȴܴ𾪵ͬʱתͷȴɫһƬ˿ûΪǳֵļ
Ȼκαʾ֪ϵΪôѾش˽һʣµһ룬ҲǲбܽϢ֮С
񲻳ɣֻԼӶӺȵ壬֣
ǣȴûзӦ
˵ӣĿϣӿŶԳϾκ˵ĳޣ޽ȫסԸղ飬һ֪ﻹţģӳ󣬱ʦ⣬жӾҪ㣡ЩвʦвӣһҪ
žһȡе뷨̧ͷһִǴ磬ŭˣʦˣͬΪʦӵƾʲôԣӷˣʲô֮ͲһҲͲһƾʲôң
ӱ˰̣ŭɫʦãȴȻûн񾳣ǣҪƴɱûֽܹ࣬ݾ壬Ķ֣ӱҪһѵ뵽ʦľƣ΢ѿһȥ֣첼й
˵͹
һ֣û˵ó͸оһϢƣӶϤаֳɣɨ˺첼棬˳ϵġС
֣鲢ûɣһĸ˵ȻûнǸһĶȥһȴʦ𣬻Եظоʦѹˣ˲١
ѹҲ٣
Ӱ˼⣬עں첼ϣĸ˶Ӯ˶ԷôǽԼʦ
ôǿţȵ϶ġ壬һһ𹥻
Ӿһһԥ۹ȥ˵ԣŸ˼
ϲ巴ϲ;شĲΧȻССÿһо߶ӣǿ̶ȣʵһ㡣
ˣϴ˿̵ֲͬƴɱǰǣڶʽġȻܽȫΪУȴǿȸһ¥
ңϻ֣ӳȻӳòֻ࣬ʮףɶԳ˵ʮѾһܴĽˡ
ܽǵɵֻ֪ӳ١Ͻ߾ȫתšﻹ˵ǿҪСһ㣬Ҫǽ첼ˣҪһ⡣
˽ŭ


1314 ޣٴ
˵ıŭ飬ٵ⣬дʲôʱ䣬ǵʦ𣬿϶ܲ˵ģ
ſ죬ȣ뵽ʲôϽϣȴ޵ţһ᲻ֶΣȵڵء
޺һ仰͵뵽˲ȵϵĺôˣʦҲãҲȵԺҡ
Ӻţŵ֮ȫûнǳ°ܽΪҲΪǿȡʤģţҲУ
ʱӴȣն
̻նڲȵϺô˷ܲѵȴһΪһ©
ս鼫ΪḻĳϣȻܴһսɢ˿Ϊһ֮ն£ֱնһѷ죬вôɵ֣
о֮ʱϵѾ֮߼ȥӼ˵ʱ˳ϵĿģֿն
ʱ򣬡Ѿٴγɣȴǽӵȫ棬ȻöԸ۷ֶΣԸӵ
ֶΣܽҧοӵûп֮ӱͻ÷֮ʱѾȫˡ
վԶӣɫò԰ףֱͷӿһѪȴӸʹ˻ȥٶȥȴоһ˫ɭĿ⣬֪ʦжԳϵĺޣȡе˼룬۸ʲôۣӶҪ
Ȼӷŭѣȴûʱȥᣬǰ˷ֿնȥô˻ᣬ˺ɳϵĹ̫ϬǲŸոշֿûնȥӵͻˣӼֳӵٺȣ϶ģ
ϧˡ
ӵ˽ȥӼ״һݣݵײ˽ȥҲն˹ȥֻص˿ս֮
ϸϸźڶʽתġǣ˵ڶһЩΪãܣȵҲӦܲŶԣ
ӵûʱȥӣͬվڸ̨֮ϵɵȴǶ˺ܴȤĿкεĳޣؿĿȻǿĳɨ˼ƻ
ʹšֻ
ܿ죬Ӳӵĺ󳾣ûãӵҲˣֻʣ»һ˵ûд⣬ȻԽ֮Ķ֮
¾սĻӣҪ˼ɲܻ˺첼ȻǶ֣תۼ䣬ȫɵøɸɾɫò԰ףͷһӣ˵ʦ𣬵Ӹ
϶ҲϽ˵βҵٶҲޱȣֱӹȥ½ߣٽݺˤص񣬵һӣɫ˵һɣеģȫó
ǣʦ𣡡
ӵļԲһһģ̨֮ϵĳϣԺлطƴɱĻ棬ҼƴɱʱĻ棬һһٶӺ󣬻죬һδһ
תţͻأԺͬʱ棬ǳϡҪһµĻ棬˼ǻӽȫ꣬϶ġóһ֮󣬳ԭôһ¶
׼ʵһԪҺȭܺս񣬹Ҷһȭ
ǣϴ󡣡
Ҳսޣ˿ǰһȭη壬˹˵ϴҪҪٴģ
㲻Ӧս񣬶ӦǶ񡣡Ц˵Ҫôģʲô
ҪûˣϴͰҿǸˣҪָָ˿Ϊµļķʦͽˣһʮļֻ߸ˣʣ޴䣬ţĪҪľ֮ˮ𣿡
˾֮£˵֮ǹɷŭȻԶ뺷Ȼ֣һɱܣȴ϶Цţֻץס汦֣ҡţ
üҪȭͷɿָֻԭü䣬һӡǡ
ϿԺʣ˵Ҫأ
ҳΪս֮ͻҵϴ󡣡ܺ˵Ͻüȴͻһ֪Ϊʲô˵ǣ۵У˹桭


1315 򣬶עվ
ۺ˵ø̨
ǣˡ
ʮȣ˵ⲻı湦򣬶Ǵﵽ壬ԵղųһսǵӰ죬̫ˡ
ûʲô뷨˵׼𣿡
׼ˣ
һ󲽿αǣ֮򾡽ȭȭͷӿ£ϾȭӭȥûкڶҫֻһֻȭɭȻ
¡
ըܸоһ˲䴫ȫڵȫ棬ȥμָ״ֱ̬˳ߴ󲽣
ܵɴ۾Ҳ֪ǿʵǿѾ󣬲ңһȭ棬ûаϢ
ϴˡ
̹Ȼ˵ϻȭƣһ̣ȫʲôսϴֻѰúڶΪõİ취
Ϣ󣬳˵ȷʵˣ̵ֻúٺ٣ǧ֮һ̵Ȼ٣ûһɥ֮飬˵㣬ɷˣֻҪǶԵģǾǰŬɣ
󣬳Ͽܣ뵽ԼǾ仰鲻ԽӴһЦղˣսأһжÿԼԼʵУսϴʵ㹻սϴкη
ŵʱ¶⣬ΪΪӣΪϷܴˣȴûϵһȭܴˡ
ʱЦŶ˵ûʲôˣһΣʱضԣڣͿԸҴģ᲻עľ֮ˮʲô
۾һҶᣡ
ҾͶˣ
ҵĶעվɣ
վɣ
Ҫǲ࣬ˣô죿
ȼţǷһ¡
á
Ц˵꣬ǱߵзŭѲ˵ȥ˵ѡ벻ʲôΪĵĶΪĵĶע˵һֳ裡
Զ˵ϣ첻µز£һ죬Կġ
ǹġ

ûнͣ˵ɣ˵᲻ᵱ
ƢӦûᡣ
Ҳģᡣæ˵һ㶣صʲô
ɷ
ģ
ܸɴؾܾˣɷҲһ⣬ʼ磬ûȤһӮˣܵõҵ
ģ
֣Ȼ񲻶ģ᲻ȻźܴȤͬʱһͷ˳
ʱѾǹŭѹȥ߸ʣȣǻ֮ǰͲֱ֣תߣ£һ죬㻹µʱףʲô֮ŭ
ֻǵóȴΪϿܶΣգɱ֮ģ˷ɱС
ʮ˾֮ˮ֮Ͷѣ
Ȼʱ⣬ע֮ˮˣҲóɣ̤ȥϲµϿգԳ˵ھˣĵˣù֮ˮ
νѡ񡣡
Ϸǳ˵ȴüͷһϰڳġļʽеʮļ϶ҪǣǣϵĻش̫⡣
ʮļϵѳϣȴˡ
Сӣ»ʮĶ룡
ƣЦ˵һָǰ󣬵֮ˮɣÿһ֣Ǿ˵ƾͻһ֣Ҫϵ̫ˣȥģŪþͲǾԲʥˡ
㡭
оֱһʢŭ֮УٲֱģɫĹ֮ˮעȥһ֣ͷʥ˵鷢˱仯۾ҳ֮ɫŨʥ˵ˣˡ
Ҳ׷˵һϡ
˼ת˵֮ǰӦóֵģ⣬Ƕˡ˻һʥ˵۾ʪ˵ˣԸΪ˸
ǵģȻЧ˺Ͷµˣ᲻ɡ
䣬ϛoˮϷˣϽǾȳȥ
͵ػڷ˲Ծӹע֮ˮʼڣٹϢʱ䣬ǣǸûб
⡭


1316 ಻ľ
Ϣʱ䣬ȻûйȻˣȻֻж̶̵Ϣʱ䣬ϢʱкȥĹ֮ˮѾ㹻һԲףʮ׵ĺװ
Ȼǰھûдﵽ
֪ǰ沼֪ǰ⾮⣬ȴûϵȻô
̨֮ϣ˷ܵ˵ϴӮˡ
ǵģӮˡһ⣬ģҪ⣬ҿϳʵ˵ΪȻЦϴܵȣ
˶Իŭ쭣켴ţɨԹЦݵĳϣһߣ֮ˮԴԴϵǿھ
һϢϢϢ
תۼ䣬ǾϢʱţǾ棬Ȼصſնˮûнװʱ˶쵽˲ѡ񽫹֮ˮעһﻢ֮ξ档
ע֪Ҫʱ䣿
ֹͣעͷԺֱˣҪͣˣͲ˼ɨԼԼˣң㻻ģҲҪעľ֮ˮ
˲Ȩ£ɫ䣬ˮһοӿһΣͲôˣ˵ǹע˵ǹǺ
ȷȷʵʵǽˣڽҪ
úܼ򵥣಻ͽѾһ仰ǹ²ע֮ˮľУ仰ھ٣֮ʱ
ʱţɫѿΪǿ͵Ĺ֮£ǿھûл٣
ô˵֮ˮĹ֮˵ǣ֮ˮǹʩչģܴﵽƾĵزǰ⾮εľȣ˿̣˳ϵĹע֮⣬
ʱĳϣϻǵЦݣӿģҲоȵǡˮ롰ϲ󣬡ˮȻҲͦȴҲûдȫ֣ôʱ䶼ûܽעܽǰģֻӡָӡסһѪˮġ󡱡
ˮˮսΪ⺷ǵѪԭ򣬾ܹסˮ꣬˵Ĳţ˵ɽеˮ롰Ļ档
Цˣˮ괫һʶЩ֮ˮ㵲סóǣˮ꾹Ȼϲ֣ǵѪ֮һ㣬һָоˮϲǵѪˮϲ
滨֪ġ
Ͼһ䣬лУˮǳĲµģڵˮ꣬ԪҺճʱǿ׳˲٣ܵˮ걣֤Ϣ֮󣬲źۼؽˮӸ̨ϴصף롰֮С
ʱ㿴Ĺ֮ˮ½ѾС뾮ˮȴǸպףϸղŴˮ꣬ȻأǸоһ㣬֮ˮ޹½Լ𡰾ļƻٽȥųϱһȣ㶯ֽţ
֤ݣ
³֣۾ָɱҲ֤ݣ
Լ²У಻ȴɣ㲻ҲУóϾͿԣ㲻ҲУתˣҰ㴦Ÿ˾С
һתˣղµǷϷд˿ʥ˳Ŀ⣬ŲŲ
»Ͳˡ
žʹȫٹ֮ˮ޼£طù֮ˮ뾮㱬ըҲٲ˾
һӣһӣǰ㣬ûûл
ʱ޵Ĳǳϣ壬ҪСӣӳżģͿԽߣﻹô鷳¶
óİɣܻǼ
ϵ˳ĿҪж
Զ˵ɣҶĲģ
ģ
Ȼðӣһ۸Ǽ³֣ȴûһ㣬˵᲻ļɷһξѪ
һξѪ
ǵģӮˣҰ㣻ˣһξѪң
һɳ嶯ĵĳ嶯ѪдãѪ˻ĪΣգȣֵȥⲻǵһѽ⣬Ҫûʵ½٣һ˲˺ܶܶ࣬ǣסˣҡҡͷģȻޱ飬˵ʲôʱˣһ
ƺ⡣ԶӦ𣿡
£³һ֣ã켴ȡʮļģתĴ˵ʮļ͹ȥ߸⣬ߵʬҲ
ǣʦ𡣡
ӿ۾һâ͸źݣ


1317 Ϸû
ʮļģ߸ˣ
˵ʢˣҪѹϰйֱӽӵƣٵ֧飬ɫ̣
һʱЩΪʲôʦѹǰ˲٣иһͷûŭʦ𣬴ˣҲ֮á
Գ϶ԣð˻ӵѹһС飬ϵ˵̬Ⱥһ㣬Ȼٷһʦʢŭ֮£ֱӰֳˡ
Ӳɻһ˵ģȷʵпܣϸ̨˵Ϊ콫ػߣӦòô޳ܰɣƼӽ˵úأȴﰵﶼڹųϡ
һЦصҿһ仰˵ڱ޳ܵǰҪ͵ñɣ޳ܣ
ͫһɱأʮļģ˵߸߰ɡӲϿͷ棬תžˣ˵ĿȫŨޱȵûֱ˭ߣӳһд߸ߡ֣֣ٷֳɾŷݣţ˵Լɣ˭
ң
ӿʥһۣͫһʲôû˵һŸֱӷɵǰʥѡѡѡһţֻȳ飬Ӧò鵽
Ŵˣʥɫˢ޲԰ףϺȻһ֣ʥ֪ǸоʲôΣգȫȻûϮɱǻľȻšܡ˫ֻȥץһţȴץһգŰ˸ŷȥţҪңҪңҡ
˭
ǰ֮һӳĬˣ˵ǾͰɡ˾ŷɵʥǰʥץһɢһߡ֣ʥɴһ
ŰȥµľŸˣ鵽ˡߡ֣лһţ˭ףһ֣ʥʱľֱҪҪ
۾һĨ˼֮ɫӸղŵΪƹƽȴţ˵߰ɡ켴ʥϵ˵ɣ϶һֽٺ֮Уصߣﲻͣرġ
ǵƣΪȻûе䣬ҪһĹ򣬲ָܻǰ״̬мˬȴοǡ
ǱߣӽߵĹǻߵʣʥǰ˵ʳ֮»־֮ǣ˵ÿɶԣ
ʥֻõͷ
ǶʦǷ㹻ģ
ʥͷøˣǻŵϣϣӼ˵ʦڱСҪЮ벻ʦƽ
룬ǡ
ʥ˵ڱסûа취ûƽ⣬ϧ˼ҲﲻˣѾȻ֣â޻֮ʥԴ˿С
ߣĿȻ
ɨһ۳ϣЩ⣬صǰȥ˵ʦ𣬵Զ֣λͬʣʦڲ壬ʦͷ
Ǹܳͷ
⣬ٲܳвٲע֮ˮлϲϱ룬һնڻӸղżâֻϡ
ʱ䣬Ѫ
ȴûиоʹһ㣬ߵͷڵأ˵лʦɱֱֻ֮ۻ᳤ңʵúǿ
Ȼɣ
Ĵָ˵ȴϣβסķŭɷŭǻӣһתЩףʥˣе˼
ˣϷҲ꣬ҶҵûлɵĻǾͼİɡϵ˵䣬Ǿͺ䶯ˣҩʥݴΪʦˣ˭лɣ
˴ˣҺһϢѾγ̨ȥϻЦݣȴȻ䡣
һâ̴ֱߡ
ԥأϡߡ̤ȥϣ˽𣬹âڶȹһλٵĻУɢ¶ݡ
϶ӣĿ䣡
ʱ񵭵˵˭ȥΪУĵˣ
ɫ䣬ոձϾµߡ
ɫϲɫϲ£ɲڳʮ߶£˭ҪǸٴվԳ֣նɱ
Ϸû꣡˵Ҫ㣬Զģ
ȷʵûꡣ


1318 ķүү
д̣ϷǳһΪУֻڳʮߣ޼ͼóѣϡġļƻˡ
ЩԥԥĲҪҪ֣ҪҪ汦壡
ʱصվ˳˵ʦĵˣҵĵˣӴ˿ΪѵģҲģҲΪеģɱ֮˵ģˣΪϣˣˣ
صĻ˵꣬ʮȫ¶ݣߣɫȴǷǳѿصǸҵӣ
ߣҪҩĲ٣رЩҩ
͵ؿԼӣ֪ص䣬󣬴ʮڳУصĵӣӣ
ڹص˵Ƿʱ򣬳Ѿף汦ɱȷʵֵã֣塭
ǣϽض汦彫һ𣬳ϵ֮;ϽޱȣʵϣȴΣա
վ汦ķķԼ
϶¼飬ٳɣȫӡءأ۾һҪˣǾͶһѣܲܳӡңҲΪ»ӡܽᾭ飡
աӡָɽ꣬ʹȥųϣ壬ϵȻ֮ɫ٣ȳϱ»ӡ߽עʱһӴϢȻϢճ·ʮߣʱſһƬ֧ܿվŵģֻжʮˡ
ɫ䣬оɱҪǿƣˣ屬ըȳҪüʮ
Сӣ汦
оԼһȴûйô࣬Ƕʮûбѹߵò󣬱ע͵أ뵽˵ꡱ뵽ԼǰĲ²⣬ʱҲעɽڡ
ǣɽ룬һڵļûУˮݶҪˮݣڣɽ꣬Ϊβڣ
ûз
Զ˵ӣ㻹׼𣿡
屬ըֲըңһʲô
ﵣǣ򲻵֮ʱñǣסӣ˵ˣһ֮УҪңϴ޵ˣòƲ١
ۼ񣬼һֱ˵ĸоûʾȻעǱߡ
ԽԽǿɢϢǿˣ滹վŵģ߸ˣĴӣѾȥûˣϵɫӵŨüļŵĽ·ʱҪ
ϵȻûɽһû˿ɥһԶѣ϶Ц㲻뿴ϷҸһϷ
ڱƹ£
ǰ°µģžͷ¹¹£㲻úĸ˵Ľ𣿡
㡭
ֻ˵һ֣Ͻ֮УĻ˻ȥ˫˺˺ռѷ죬Щռѷɵ״ԶԶȥһ
ڲˣ꣬һ죬һ׵ġ
ϲȥ汦壬һػңԸһը˾ߣΣ汦壬ûɱȫ׷ɱ
Ҳˣ
һҪһӰӳмմγԳ˵Сӣɱţպðɣؼʱã
˭
үү
ЦˣҪүүģҪкܴб
ûУҲǳҵһŮ
Ů
ȥͻ뵽ʲôǱߣ˵ӣһΪ㲻أ
ˣ
˵֪ղȷˣɫЩΣԼ繫ǷԷɣƽʱȫں˵үү֣壬ɾͲôˡ
һΪԶôأ벻Ҳεʱ򡣡˵ţֱһöָϣ˵ʮҪĲϡ
Ͻסڷ㶡
״˵⺢ӣ治òҲлүү
ллүү
˵û˼Ϊĸл֪⣬ûᣬת˵ղ˵˭СģΪ㣬ɱ֮


1319 ʱϲ
˿̣Ƴ˻ưͣҲɱǣƾʵɱˣϴɾ֮׵ˣжֶΣ֪ʱﱾܵһû׵ĸо
һߣ˵ҪϽŲȥ˭ҪǸǣ
⻰һЩǣȫϲ񲻴Уǵһ񣬷ǿˡ
ȻǻûȥΪǶſڵء
ڷʲô㶣ųһȣϸϽٿ壬ǹϢѹʱʧʮߣ
ȺУ˫۾˳Ϲؿڵ壡
˵˺ѷ죬ƽˣûһζȻŭһΪȫӣһĨƽѷ죬Ĳ٣֮ǰע֮ˮͺ˲٣ҪĨƽѷ죬˵һ鷳
һʱ䣬ѷûƽҾͰԴмƽˣ
бŭȴǳֽĨƽѷ죻ճֳ֣һӰǼ
Ůģ
һȣͷܣϼ״վ֮ǰ´һϣ˵ܺ´ΣҾѲƤ
гɫȻܣΣûֻѲƤϢɫ٣۾һƬǸղûбֳвʵֻ⼫񻰶˵һ䣬Ҫܴɱ˰ɡ
˵ɣô˵
վ
ɫһͣӿ˫ֽѷϣţѵѾˣǻ᲻֣ӾͲףûй£һ˸Ը𣿡
ûй֮Ľ棬·˵ˡ߼վڳߣûй˼ˣһó첼ϵĲϣȡƷҩ
ȿţܷʲôʲô򡣡
ǣʦ𡣡
ϥ¯ӹһһŵĵҩЩģҩȴϱԼռҩóϣȻгȡһ֡
ʱ֮Ĩƽ˿ռѷ죬˵ϹСνȣϴ޲
ĿֱȻڳϣҡͷ˵ֻнʥȵҪ񣡡
ûУ˵ʱˡ
ĿһƬ⣬ȴ˵Уɱ˾У
ɱˡ
˵תͷԳ˵СӣʲôʱҲŵ
ǰСǡ
ã
һֳڣӰʧ϶סǷҡֱϾ߾磿ˣǿƣҵС
ٴο˿ϣһȥ˵أ
һЦóʱͿˣʱϲ

𲻰֮УȴһĴӣһȥ
ԵٶȣȻ࣬һһϹҲˣǣһصĽȣĿĽ㣬ڳ
ҹͣһһĵ˳ϵԺһһģ˳ϵĴһһŵļƷҩЩߵС
ÿһõƷҩģ䱦Ц棡
صԱ߿ųϵһһһ㣬ԺɵɵؿƬҲϢĳϣųϵлţʱ뿪̨
һϹʥȥμӽȣסϹ֮λͬʱ콫콫Ϲ֣ܳȥ׳ɱϹǵϹ·Ϲ֮󣬹ʥ֮ʱԴ˱֣ʥĳŵ
ʱš
죬һֱϮŭΪˣɱ𣿡һץסԶչһɫ䣬ոս俴ֱ꣬ӱٳޡ
£񽻴ĴһЩºȥȥã˵ȥ̽Ϣ˳տЩϹ˵꣬ͬ⣬Լȥ
磡
϶˵ȥֻʣһֱۣҲҵĶ֣
Ʋ֮Уʮһš
ڵλãȥڵصıؾ֮


1320 ı
ôöԸġ
һߴĺӣ˵䣬°ͼ˻صһսˣȷʵöԸûʩչռѷֶεʱ򡣡
ˣ
ʱԼ˲ˡ°ͼ˵ּ꣬һ䣬´٣ôˣɱ㻹벻ҪСϵĶˣ
´̯˵ðɣôǿ⣿徿ʲôܣŴҶ
°ͼһЦ⣬ǳý뿴һ˿ʵأô˵
ǿ̨֮ϣվڳߵǸ𣿡
һ룬ֵôˣ
˸һԴޣȻΪôҲǸСˣ˳Ʋ֣͵ţҸҿ϶ӽϣΪ͵ĳ廹Ҫ󣬲Ȼڿǿĳ֮Ϣ뿪ûߡ
ûм˵ȥڳǶˣ۾ȻһˣĿɨһˣ˵Ǵ߳ģ𣿡
˯۾ͻͶһۣȻֱϣ˵ͷŲĵͷ˿Ŀ⣬˼أȴض˵ƴɱУЩӲ߲ݵԿܶ㣬һ鷳˵Ӧûʲôɣ
ٴε˵ͷ
ظ˵˵ˣ鷳Ҳˣöģʩõģģɱ֣ڶսǿ֮ˣΧɱһ񶼲⣬οһŷܵʥأԣϵϲ֣һúʲô⣻˵ǽ֣ǻе˶ǳȥ˭أңΣأеǻᣬЩ·ֿΪ¼ҹ֮Χɱ
κһһصͷֹͬ۵㣬϶³ϲʲô¶ʱ´ȴ˵ֺ󣬶ô䣿
˻һǳĬԵɣҶʮ˭Ҳ֪ϣжٷǣȴʮˣ
⣬º˵
˸飬ͻأһĹ⣬ԶԾ׷׶Χ˹ȥֻϢ䣬ʮ˽һΧм䣬ؿˣ뵽Щ棬æ˵ȵȡ
ûصĻ˵ʲôˣȫֿĹ˵ˣɱϣңʲôҪֻҪɱУ
ˣӣ
ʲô֣
Խ
ĹɢȥԽһЦӭ㣡ҲǻϲϾԽʵҲԲʥ֮䣬ܶһֶĴ֣Ȼֶ֮
ʱԽȴ˵һһҪ󡣡

˶һɱ۾ʵʲôҪ󣿡
Դ˵ֻǾ֮ͶѣҪɱǸʦ𿳵һֱֻ۵ˣԽ˵仰ʱһݣͫһ£˸ָЦɽ
˭ҲŲ˭һѪԣԺôϣ˭˭ǸԻõ˵꣬³Ѫ¾Ѫ֮ģ˼״Ҳˡ
ͬʱɵһᣬ뿪һˣ
ΧʮߣȻǴָлˣһµķѾռֲ߰ϣ벼ÿռ󣬾Ͳʮ֣
ϽǲѪ˿ȴԾɾĿⶢԶ˵һ
졣
Ͻ˹Żʮļϣ˵Ҫʲô
ɲǷ
۾Ѫ˿һԾƽϵ˵ҩģ
û˿ɣ㽫ʮҩĺ͵˳ϿŵӿֵֹĸоȴûжԣֻרһšɲǷ㻨˳ϰʱ䡣
ڼȵıҲڼ˳սȻǺļϹȥϹĹǲˬȴûǰǶڵĽǿ׼ģҪȽ֮Уǳճ䶨˭Ϲ˭ȷǶ϶һ֮ϣϸնɱˣһû˳ϵ콫Ϲһʱ䱻˺ˡ
ǶʮȥϹԽ㽫ıԣûϹսȲ͵Ϊֹˣ˵Ŀ⣬Ͷ˳ϡ


1321 մԴѪ
߾ۼ̨Χ²ųϻξٶЩ˶Ϊϲȥ˵ϵʵΪϾֻʥȵĹ涨ȴҪ򣬴ҵȵģǳϻ᲻취ƵһսȻҶףһ϶
̨֮ϣûһԼǽĵĸоǰѾûˣ˵ģȴòֻա
߰ٶʮļһ˿մԴ
մԴǿռزٵһϣûпմԴͲòռɨʮһۣҲ֪ЩûУУ˼ֲҪҩǿմԴô̫󣬰˼滹
ôһ󣬳ϲپᣬתԹص˵Щӣʲôջ񣿡
ʦ𡣡
صеֿ֮һȻ˵ʦ֮ǰȫһֻǸо󵤳֮ʱǵһ㡣
ص˵ͷ˵ҲģҲܷƷĹؼ
ҲģҲ
صԺﲻϻ仰ǰ֪ҩʥǹҩʥܿͽһ㣬иʣõ
˵ֶַһҵ֮ͱ֮ãΪһ
˵϶һ£뵽ζ֮һ룬صӣˣĳһ˵صҲɵˣϾȻˣ˵ҽ㣬ӦܹĿ׼ȷһ¥
лʦ𡣡
ûи߹صģģ˵Ҫõһַǣ뵤ҩ֮У鴦ǣ
صУ׽š֡
ûжԼµĵӲ˽ֱ˵Ҵ㡮ľռջ񣬻Ϊ
ص֮ǰ֮۷ڣֱϵ˸۷ʦŶӣʦ㴫ͬһĹ
ȹصӿŸжľ֮󣬳ʵʲô磿
Ʒҩ˱ˡص˵ţҲʵСڰ㡱תȴû˱ֵҩֵ֪ĴۣһŹѾ˷˼ˡ
˼˵ҩΧΪ֮⣬ҩ;𣿡صֱ㶶ʦ𣬳̧ͷ죬˵ãһŵҩƿƬ𣿡
ԣصһǧ˼ҩգ񶼲ƿ죬ƾһŵҩܹƿƵÿ𣿡
𣿡
ʦ𣬵ӡ
浤ʵ˱ˣҲһ浤
ص˼֮Уﲻһָоʦ϶˵֪ôһյĵҩƵ
˵Ǿ仰ջ˾ˮ껹һ󿺷״̬Ϸˮ˲٣·ˮ֮ˣһУûϵľȣó𾪵ǣǵѪˣ˽һ
ڳˮ긹Ѫ֮ʱһʮ֮Уһ˲䣬Ŀ㽫
ǵѪ᲻Ὣˮ壬ȫֻᷢʲôǸܲһֱסˮꣿ϶ˮ˽ģˮջ֮󣬳֪ͨ׼̣˵ѾȲˡ
䵭ȴһǲ¶ˣһкϷˣ˶ڲ²⣬²ȥһ˵ʲô
뵽˷ȴǲţΪˣҶĿãңĿɨȥվڳ֮УȴûзַӰ
Ҫ¸̨֮ʱפ㣬˵ˣλпմԴԸ֪һʲôǵҩҶᾡ㡣
մԴ
Ⱥ֮УǸϢˣüͷţÿմԴʲô켴˵֮ˣҪȥҲʲô¶ˡ
̤նȥרſٳı֮أ콫ϹսɸӦս


1322 Σ֣
һȺ֮£Ĵӳ֣Ҳǻֻϵֱֳۣ˳ۿȥǰһģһʲô˾Ͳ֪ˡ
ͬʱֵģ뼫ڳ֮ʱ֣ڵųվһЦСӣû׼ʱҪٳһϢҾɢˣҵ׼ҲͰ׷ˡ
׼
ͬʱһ飬׼һ׼һϯ˵
ǲ֪ʲô׼ĿƶƳһۣ˵㲻ûʸ񣡡
⼫Ļһأŭֱ䣬ƺһ˲䣬Ҫŭڣ֣Ҳôģ͵ųϳ֣Ȼ֣
νЦţһ˿ɻȺ֮Уһ˰ҡҡͷ
ΪҪֵʱ򣬳ЦˣĵЦˣȻ϶Щ㶵˵˭˵Ҫˣ

Ҹ˵Ҫһľϲ𣿡
ϲ
뵽ʲôӿ𲻰ֱģģ¶ôãᱳѹµġţ˵
һӰ㣬ƿӰո䶨߿ʱǿƲסľƺʱ˵Ƕôأ֪ڣ˫УҲУûһ˺ۣЩҪģҪǣɢǹϢǻָ˰˳ɹǾųɹ
һУ¶ʱ䣡
߸ʣϾʲôȻ˹ЧǸҡͷˣ۾¶⣻Խ˿ķΪȻ񾳽ķĿⲻһ˸뵽ǵĽ̸˵ҪŰﲻɸ˿˿⡣
ɨһ۷ͽĿϣиᶨ񿴵ϵЦȴסˣЩȻ˵뵽ģΪ˷ܣ˺ˣųأ
ķŭˣǰЩӣ񱻳ϱƵö֮ʱȻޱȵطŭϣȴܿסһ̣վʱ⾹ȻŤҧгݵغ
ʲô
ûһģҲұʦ𣿡
ǿҲûǣǲǺܲˬʣˣһֱͣŷ˵ΪʲôΪʦ㣿룬ǰǹʲôӣԴΪʦ֮ʲôӣûΪʦʱգܳΪ𣿡
ңϾôģҾ͸Ϊʲô
˵һûͷûԵĻȴɫ䣬Ȼת˲ţǣ˶֮˼
صϾŲǱ޸𣿡Щ㣬ʵҪһش⣿
øͽ¾ŻûлشȴǸʵжӰһֱɱһֱǡ򡱡
ЦҪɱˣ
񣬾͸¹
˴ȣЦ˿䣬ʲôס˵ţϽ汦Ӹ˷˵ҪǴ򲻹Ͱⶫ϶ըʱһϣױһֻ
ǣˡ
壬ķжأҲڳϯոµʱġ򡱣Ӳͣ˰գ䲻ȥ
Ⱥ۾־⣬оȻȼķʲôͷһȺˣôķָһոͶˣ
ʱ˵콫ϹȥΣ
һα汦вסҪбң֮УһֻֿţΪ֪ǵ¡
ƴƴֵãҴ֮ûǾٷָϵ˵ţתΪɡݾܾڣ콫ϹҪΪΣ
ȫꡱ죬ǷŭĺС
Σ
ʳǳĬһ̯֣ת˵֣
ǣˡ
Ծ帡գ˵Ͼſ϶ϣ㶯֣ΪҲΪ𣡡
´Ӧ㣡
ĿŷɫģҪջ壬˵֣һ㶣ٶȴּ˳ȥŭ¶Ӧˣ㻹



1323 
£øһдڵԳƣȷʵҸоãȻڳϵĿУȴһֻĸµļ
ܷŭŭ˼㣬ֿʼŤɿѾſ죬ųˡֵ״ֺҴӦ㣡
Ź
һ仰һǵڶͬһһֻţȴǰˣնɱˡ
۾ɱޣǸƻţ»ˤģصˤڵϣ仰еΣзһҪţȥ򡱻٣˿˷һۣѯ֮⣬ȴ˸Ͻȥ
Цߣͣǵðѵ³
ȺУһꡱұΪһ춯صĴϷȴûϵӣϷͽˣһжûȫʩչ콫ϹɵسΪ콫
ص˿ʢŭ۾ϲϣǵĵˣԽԽãͿʡ²ٹ
ɵԽϸֳʧ֮ɫʲôʱл᣿ͻأһڸɫȳһƣһͼΣɵ
ҲЩȻû뵽ճΪ֮󣬱ɰţȴϳӳ壬˼ƻˣˣҲǳ顣
ô˵콫ȡȽչ涨׼ҪˣӲߣնģ˵꣬뼫һȥﻹֹţӵ׼ʲô
Ļʮˣչ涨Ǿ󲿷ֶȥǳջʵڲһĴҪǷѺѣǣţѹƣôȥƣֻܵʱ䣬ʱһãнȥ
ϵȺ֮УΣһǰ콫ֻʣһˣҪնɱһ࣬˹ǳΪĿ⿴ϣһУǴ˸ģûдˣˣ뱨ˣȴҲʲô
ʱǰæ񻽵ˡ
ĵӺأվ̫ˣˤãˤٲȻ֪콫ٵĴΪȻˣҸô
Լһ£ʣµģ֪ж֣֪ҲҪУʱ
ǣˡ
ʩд⣬֮ѰҴҪƬ֮Ķ
ߵǰ廹˳ϣϴȥʮ߼ϷĽˣҲŸ˼ɢȥصԭϣٹ۲۲ˮ߽꣬˵ϴ

ϢһӰվڳǰϿ˵ĵһоͬһʵ޻Ľ˵ҽо䣬
һӦ
΢΢һЦȡһ˵ǿմԴ

۾һõǳ࣬Ǹոսɵһ˿סϹһ䣬ȫ⡣
ֻǣЩɣΪʲôҪȥҪͳմԴܹණĲϣȫֵãΪǷסģѾ£϶©ӣ⣬Ҳһʧ߾ͬ衣
ԣȫٵЩӣͿԽУô
˲ЩͷЦ˵ɽ
佫մԴݸϣ˽ȥȻ󣬲ȥˮ꣬ǲһвռռóϸ˸׵ףңռǿЯġ
ϲûнЩϾôʹãԹ磬һʱüë͵һ켴ϻ֮ˣƵɲǷѾҵˡ
ôһ󣬳ûĨڵϵĺۼת
һҹʱ䣬÷ɿ죬תۼ񡢼ٴγ֣ȴûӰϴһ̤ҡ˶УɵҲ˽ȥ
صı֮ˣһ𣬿ų˽ȥ˵ﲻᶪ˰ɣ
İɣﶪ˵ģҶҵ
š


1324 ڻ
ĸ򣿡
Цʾ䣬ƽƽӣ˿ûȫ䱸ģųϵʻһЦ˵Ҹߣ𣿡
ҵô󣿡
ǵġ
˵ǴʵϵҪǲòǧظϵˡ
ҪңҪ£𣿡
㿴ŲˬģҿԳʰ
ɻ͸䣬ǾΪʵо˼ά뷨֪ΪʲôȻоûɱ֮ĶǣһΪʲô
ˣϵͷ˵˸á֣󣬳ֽɵЦʵĸ򣿡
ɵһţ˼ȴǼĹڵϣ˵ˣͶˣȻҪŴˡ
ŶǾ͸Űɡ
ϵ˵Ȼתǰȥɵһȷ뵽˱ȵƣ뵽ǹͷּᶨظȥ
ûȥѰǿǳβ·ȥĲ֮أҺͽǰȥѽͻȥģһ룬пܱҪЮһ罫ǲ
൱ڹʵΣϵ˲٣ǸȼĴʱ汦ˣ칦ûϺβ˵ҪˣҺͽˣβȥʱβܶ˵ңˣǡ
ûж໰ĨȥԺеĺۼϲģڶǰֱɾǧ󹹳ɵġɱ󡱣Ȼȥ
˻֮󣬳ȻûȥѰǳβĴ֮£ȥѰұ̸֥͵飬һһԳ˵Ҫ
̸֥ȥ·ϣҲô̫ƽ˰ʱҺХβԽˣȻүǾүŮ˰ɣ
䣬һç󣬳ǰβȣڻҪ뷨ҾͰ
ƾ㣿
ڻţһɨӳһζͻأɨ˻еڳϵϣ̧ͷŻ۴ضųϣ龰ȣ㣬ôˣ
ҲʶңĻ
Ҳ֪ʲô֪Ҳûβ㰮զզذɡڻ˵ţҪˣһȣվס
ڻס˽ţų˵ҵĵϣұƼˡ
ЦŶβ˵ڻʲô£
ˣڻǽ֮ȴ뻯ΪһĶ治Ķ֡β˵ڻȴЩ㶣ȵʵβˣǵΪ
涼򲻹ֻڻǲܴˡϿſڻ˵·ң߸񣡡
СӣʶôУүһȣܻ֡ڻǳŭĿ⻹תβϣ뿴һЩʲôģֻбġ
תͷž䣬˵ҿˬ
ҪģҪģ
ġ
ԽڶƵڻȥڻ˼ҸûнŭʢҪЩһ̫ˣүôǵģ
ڻ˵ʱܵϴӢĻ⣬϶Ļóԡ
Իү⣬ٸү˵һ飡
ڻ˵ȴһƣ䣬仹Ųæţûгֵļֱưžʱų
۾ֱֱ뿴һЩߡ
ֻնȥֻӶ£ײȴ಻˾Ϣʱ䣬Ϣ֮ɢȥڻ¶ԭΣڻһ԰ףеëȫ˸ɸɾһ档
ڻЩؿž䣬˸ղնĲë壬ֻԴֽţȫּˣȴһͨ飬ʩʩȻ˻ȥ
Ŀƽͣоȴûսϸо˽Ƿһģ۵Ľһֽɽĸоһֳ˵Ĺо棻ң侫ȷȼƴɱӦɽѵģǾȴûһ˿йڻǽµûз
ջؾȣſڻڣѡ񣿡


1325 ʶ
ڻǽԼϵƣβȴϣнΪ̵һˣһ϶͸ľ䡣
Ȼ󣬿ڻԳƻүڸų֮н˶ѡһһξѪóϸˣתḶ́Ǻεأֱ㶵ؿţȳɹ֮󣬾俴˷һۣʲôû˵еľȣȴǸһ¥ˣٷ֮ʮǵҪҵ˰ɡ
аɣܽеˣг
Ͽƿڻ󣬷˵һڻΪӡ㶣˵Ҳ˵ڶ飡һڻԼѾʲôүٶȣ
ʮȷʵ˲ޣģһȥǺѹѹһƬǣǿڻ£ڻͬڵĿԻ˵ޣȴһֻҲδڻЩҲסҪٺ𣬱סˣ˵֪ǵĵ̰ɣ
ڻųϣκ󣬻ǵ˵ͷ
ȥһˣӦòʲô¶𣿡
仰ʳڻȻĲǳϣڻҲûǸӣ̵ģܱүƫǵóѡ
˵꣬ڻǰߣҪ·ʱȴЩ㶣ΪڻȻ˵һЦǿǳ䵽£֪
֪˺һ䶯½˺üʮɣҷˣ˺ܶޣȫֱġڻ˵仰ʱ򣬻£͵һݣģô𷨡
ţĿĴȥһ濴ģûз½ԣʵ½ˣ
½ˡ
Ͻ£ʵǳʲôط
ڻ۾Գһ˿־壬˵Ľ
ʲôڣ
֪ȥģҲûгڻ룬˵ˣǳһ˲䣬ǺͳˣĽΧŨޱȣɢˣȴȻʱʱٳһ
ſڻ˵Ļϲɲһֺʶĸоָоϴκ׷ʱˣǣΪʲôʶأ
һӣ˶ˣ
ǳ䵽֮󣬾Ͳ˽˺ʮ
۾һУ˵ʱҲ˽˲ٰ˼뵽񣬵۳ӣԿڻ˵£ȫųȥˣһʱ֪ͨҡ
룬ֽ汦ѹ֮»վŵ߸ˣ۳˵Щˡ
ڻûмʶϵֶΣﻹǶԳϲΪ⣬ԣûкˡûкˡڻϾΥϵ˼ЩǽйĴ󺰴УţЩҴǣĴɢȥˡ
ɵڿ۳߸˵Ӱʱֵָͷͬʱһѵ֪ˣܣͲ֪ʲôǣΪʲôأ
ϱҪÿڻ·һޣЩޣ뿪ϴʱҪߵģǣóʧǣЩڻͬޣȫӰȻǶ
ڻиǱһǵĲҲǺúõģýڱ˵Ҳûдʹ˷Źÿڻ˻ѰӰ߸ˣϢߣǷһ
޵ĿǴﲻˣһ˱̸ֱ֥֮أһأûڳǵ·ϣò첻ٶȣ֮󣬵̸֥ĵط
һɸߵɽ壬ɽ֮ϣûлľȴһƬƬȫΧ̸֥ģŨĵط
Ƭûޣ
ˣǰժʱûβ˵ڻͲβΪʲôԳô߲ѣſڻ¶Ц
Ͽշȥ
βæˣϷйŹ֣ܷɵġβ˵֪˵ԡ
켴һϿգһ̤룬ռѷ͸ֱϻˮ꣬ʱֹסΣƮڿУһһǰȥ
β֣β𾪵ģǿڻ
ʱҲϿ̤ȥ


1326 ˵죬᲻
Ҳ̤Щɻ󣬡ҿˮĸʲô
ͣڿУûмǰȥ֮ǰһĿ⿴ôԸ

Ͽ÷̤Ͽյľ䣬ɢǰԸڻʱֽ֮У·ǹǱֽնûһ
һεĸоһεĸоˣϾô󣬳ƺزҽ︡ʣܣȻҲܣγɹĽ򣿽նˣնȻҲնҲɣ
ϵžߵߣ˵ǿ
ǿ
ھ֣ϸ⣬֪ӺεóۣҪ˵һսȫκβþֺûɣֻǳϵֱ
˲ʵΪʲô
ƺڿǵʧһ㣬Ϣʱ˵ɹ˻٣
۾һݣ˵Ȼأ
Ȼ㣬ôǳģҲˣǰӣǳֵģˡ˵⻰ʱ򣬻βľȣϱΪ𾪣һ˵ƴɱһĻһĻǰһһֵǳýƤǳϣǳһ
Ҳʱǳˡ
ǻϻһĸǳǲҲ֮࣬ǣϾû뵽ǿǳ䣬Ȼ˹ϵĻǿǳɵġ
ǰЩǳ֣
ϱĿһ£ֻսʱۿʮſǳ
ЩϢȷʵ𾪣ɳģȫ⣬ǣǳ󣬾һǳ䣬ԺСۿҲǳ֣ǳȫĺ䶯
Ϣ󣬳Ȼ˵֣Ȼأ
һˣ
ȥ
ȥ֪ˡ
϶ž䣬һһ˵Ҳȥأ
ȥġ
ǿģ
ʼ磬㿴Ϊߣɶûа㣬һ£ҽ˲ԣһ㣬ȥʱҴȥˡ
Ϊʲô
վ뿪ģϴޣ½˵󣬾죬˵Ҳʣתǰߣȴڷž˵ĻҪȥ滹ˣң
Ժȴûʳ˾ߵ˱̸֥ǰ־Ҫץ̸֥ʱͻס֣תž䣬˵죬᲻
һֱȻɫ䡣
ЦˣûеȾشתһ̸֥ץģȷβ˵û޳̸֣֥סȴΣգϻתڰ㡱֮аȻժ̸֥
β˲ӣоˣԶôĸĪ⣬ϿշУѪ֮дժȡβ̵ؼǵãΪժǸ̸֥ûСҪȻͲֻժһţȫ
Ӻ󣬱̸֥ժһգ֮ʣ˼һ壬ԣߺûʲôϵ
Ͽգϲ뵽С򡱣ͣ˰ʱϲ˵棬䣬ӭĿ⣬Щ˸Цһ
˵ͷܡҲΧϵ̷һű̸֥ȫתһӽȫϷӵ˰˰ף
ȻȴûоϲΪӵȫȻܺʼһȣԱ˵ˣǶԳ˵ԶԶ
ֻǿȣЩӵٳҲûãţȴ͵뵽ˡ飬˵Ķ̣ԼģΪ̲ã
תԭʼһתɡ̸֥ǰЩɻ˵һˡ
ʮӺȫһȻǿ˲٣ϴϲҪڶű̸̷֥Իָƽľ˵Ҫ̷˷ѡ
к⣿
㲻óһǿʶӣǿ
ûлػЦȡ꣬ҲҪЮʲôֻǵģ뿴̸֥˷ѡݳһЩҩġ
лˡ
ûн飬ӹҩģһӺ󣬳ϿʼصֱֱţҲǶǹ棬У𡭡


1327 ϰˣһǧ
ǿʶһʮš
̸֥в٣ǣǿʶϵҩģûˣûм˷ѱ̸֥˾ſǿʶ䣬ȡţ˵ţˡ
Ͻݸص󣬽ʣµʮǿʶһԶȥɫһα仯󺰵³˵ţֻֻϵĺȥƺҪ̽ȥǿʶһ㡣
ڰգͣסˣǱӲץסģ
ǳĵһνûֽ򣬳Ҳûȵƾ֮ð֡
䶢ųϣﾶֱӿһͷ󣡡
켴˵Ϊãǿʶҩ̫ǿһβͬʱ̷ţǿĵҩͻɶȫˡ
лˣµġ
Ц˵ûзϣЩ˵ġ
˵Ҳġ
˵꣬ɿ֣Ϻһʮǿʶ븹ųϣһ³ϳµĵǣϲ˵Ҷ˵ôҪ
ҩҩԻӷϵȻһҪըĸоֱըо֮Уϵڷɿţתۼ䣬һǧףǧףǧףס
ܷɢ̺ŨŨĻϢԺ˲װ໭棬гǧʵޣɨ֮ʱҪôҪôֱ˵ϣһЩߣžĴ
ףڼӡ
Ͽ˸࣬ͿڻǿĴڣһڶһȻھ޾ʹǣ̵ؼ⼸λã׼¶֮󣬽¡
ڻһ۾žâǿ˵ԭͺǿǿ䲻֪ϵܹĴ
ھ״ͣ£
ϳһҪܵʹȷʵһ㣬ŹˣĴȣԭʼһҲǿֹ
ڳʱ򣬾ҲһȻûгַ꣬˲Ծų˵
ϰˡ
Ļش𣬾ʵǲ֪ôشֻǸоһ񣬲ôɵġ
˿̣ϵԺԭʼһٴתˡʼȥľʼüҪһӲһǧ
ģҲԽԽ죬ӡӣ̵ǧף
ԽԽ
糱ˮ˻Щ޲˿Ȼ񱼣ҪԶ˵أҲƵ޳߶
ڣ̸ɾˣüġһͷſҲһǧ׶ѡ
һǧھǰȫ΢ǣһǧǿһǿʵ벻ףʵ㲻Լ𣿡
ǰ
㡭
Цһ׵һǧףǿ𣿡
Щ
ֵ䳤Ҫǿһǧףˣ˵꣬תʵûרĹ
У㡣
˵ңҾʹӦһˣ᲻

ش÷ǳ
ǺðɣȥʱҪʼ磬ת˵߰ɣȥץ㡣
Գϣһ֮С
ϴˣԼٶȸߣϢڻ˵Ĵ㣬һȣѩ¹ϲŲ˭ֱ
֣Ӻѩ¹£Ͻ֮󣬼ٸߣȳϸϿеλãǸȴѾˣϱʶһ·һָϷȵ׷
ڳһ׷֮ʱ뼫ҲûӰͽ֮Уû壬ʮ˲칦򣬾ͱˣڳȥЩԭ֮ˣҲʧ
˵߰ɣҲȥץϣЩУûгʲô¶Уǰ棬ų߹·ǰȥ
ʱ򣬳Ѿ׷ֻ˵ޣվ޵ǰ˵ңһǻ£øǿ
Σգ
ңȷʵкܴķգңͻзա˵仰ʱ򣬾ˣ䶢ųϣĳԾٶȣ죡
󣬿ڻиµѩ¹Ҳϵˣѩ¹Ц˵˫ͷǣɣһǾˡ


1328 Գ
˫ͷˡ
˵һʵǿ࣬ͬһԱĿڻѩ¹ʵһصβҪ֣ô죿
ˣ͵˯һ꣡
Цˣʱ֮󣬽˫ͷǿסѩ¹˫ͷǣ֪ͬȼ𣬻߱Ǹǿڵ𣿡
˫ͷ˵ˣΪܵѾԶˣ벻㻹׷ˣ֪ҾܵԶһ㡣
⣬⡣
ЦҪһ̷ʮǿʶ淢ֲѩ¹˫ͷǡ
һ˶βĴ£ǰڴ̸֥ĺô϶ԵΪģǿңӵģ
ָֻ˲첻ٶȣϾ֮УָǺʹ˳һϴޣϴ޵ߣһִоŷɫϴһ㣬ʥĿ⣬ڳϣͬһʣ²⣬Ǵ߳ģǴ˵ʲôЩǿޣ´ˣֱŷɥݡ
칦򣬳һĿĵزԶҲһ˿ʣҲһµʱˣδһΣ᲻ʲô⡣
תŵ֮ڵŵռĳ͵طһ⣬æСβֻޣʵĺܲܽЩľظ𣿡
βһӾ˳ʲô˼˵ˣúûлٵĶȥԸ
ô뷨
еģ˵ķͬԹˣҲȡĺûطľǧ㹦򣬽ɷǣϮ֮ʱû˿֣ȫ˸ɸɾ
üͷƽʱľûл٣һɷͻ٣Ѳʶ
ɻ֮䣬Ѿһ£β˵ˣҵõǿŵ飬±ҵģЩ飬ȥѰҸҲֻĿȥܿ

ֹһó飬˼˵ȥҰɡ
ţת˫ͷ˵ҵһţǾ˯꣬ûң˵㻰
˫ͷǵȻס˯ĺʲôϲѩ¹ͿڻҲǣֱţֻҪҵʮţˡ
βȴûǰϲãǳֱˣɳø죬һ£βо˾
ɵԽԽȷˣرǾ֮ɵһЩǺŲң±ץסܸܲܲôˣЩǿޣ
ֱµײȥͬʱص˵ķ۵糸֮£Ѿ˳ȡ̸֥ĵطʵжԶ
ˡ
˵
صʮ˲֪˿УһֻֻޣŽٶȽص˵Ϣ´ȥ
²ߣһǧɣǣºܳһϿȡ
һ죬Ȼ
ֱ죬ҵ÷ܣҲƣй֮ϣһȭ£һңȴҳһĶһ㶣켴ϲϴҵˣһŵ
ţܿϣϽӹһȷʵǵ飬˵ҵľϴЦŶ˵ս˴󹦣Ҫʲô
ڻûá
Ǿ˵
𡪡
һ𣬹ʼʩĴȥ˵˴󹦣ڶһ𣬷ǳôãҲ˳ϵӣǾйͣе
¸ȥβųһģо䣬Ǹţ˴칦򣬳ͻطϵһ֮£Ƕһŵ顣
£ϷȥڳҪץסʱ͵رһҵ˭Ҷ

ţδͣһžɸߵӰ̤˳ÿһ̤²̤˳ǰһȭ
βһȣԳ
Գ϶Сˣϲ
һ䣬Цˣ֮ӿʮ֮󣬡ȭӭ˾Գֻ޴ȭͷ
飡
촫ԳȭͷȥȭͷԳСĳϣ벻ССȻôֲãҵ
˭Ӯˣŵ˭ġ
˷֮飬˵ţȭͷȥΣӿʮ


1329 ȭ
𡪡
ԳŭˣɽǰҲҪһȭɽұˣڣȴһССˣǸྐྵȻҪ
û£ԳֻȭͷϵԴȥûϵȭͷΪܹסϵһȭҪȭᣬɵ
ȻֻǾԳһԸѣϡߡһ̤ԳʧȥĿ꣬Ȼ֮ʱӿʮġȭѾ˾Գȭͷ֮ϡ
ǡ꣡
ĴصϿ֮䣬ԳҲƮȥԳŭˣȻٴγ˿Žֻȭͷȥ
ھԳֹסԼӴʱѾȭɱ˻һʮȭһԳһٷ֣ٴӰһһǵӲӲ
ʮĲ
ʮ岨
ʮŲ
ԳѪˣҲŭٷˣųϣ۾侲ƲϣȴҲûη壬ϴúܻ죬û


Գֺ󣬱̤ǰţԳӴӣʼű仯
Ǳ󣬶ǱСˡ
ֻ΢һ죬֮ڶѹȭͷһѹԽ񵯻ɣԽǿԽ͡
ԳţҵҪܲӣ
Ըʮ˲
ڻ죬ֻȭͷһӲײϣһ˵ֻȭͷ֮ɢȥɢߵ£Ϊм㣬ǰ׵ûбըѣȴӲ˳ʮס
Գ˫ݽ˴֮У֣˳ʮףһѪѾù۵ȭͷϣŴųϡ
ҲȥֻףϿ˿˳£ٿ˿Լȭͷĳ˼һĨѪŻɸߵľԳ˵ܴ򲻣

ԥ̤ȥѹʮ˲ǲﵽ˳ϼޣڣʵһ¸ղ룬ˣѹʮŲѹڶʮ
ΣСת֮һСֻȭͷϷһĳֹԣﻹдʣ֪˵Щʲô
ûдҪľǾԳȫӣԳҲȥֱ˲һִǲսһ㡣
β۾ﷺϲùâֱţȻûдȻܹԳƴģǿ
Ҳ֮ǰҪֹһʮǿʶ̷ץסĻ棬˵ǻֻóֶΣҲֹ
һһԳˣӰ춯ذײһȭӴɲǣϾǱ۾עѾûзھԳϣǸǹɴȭ֮ɢȥ
ˣʮףһףף
ԳҲˣֻұۣɢ˼һڱ۰֮ϣ˺֮УѿžžǴ̶俴һ棬оǿһ㣬һ̨ףܹ˺ѿռһˡ
ο֮У˼ȴԽԽȭͷ֮ɢȥǳײأ𶯽ײԳ壬ȥ£
뵽Ѿףһۣһһﻹֹȭ̫ˣɢ԰ѹ۵ģаȭѹ۵ģֽʲôȭ
ʸ䣬Ѿ˴𰸣ͣסۣһһ𡪡졪ȭ
ľԳԡ⣬ֱֹţҶôصˣôܻû¶һ㣿ʲô
ʵ𣿡
ֺǴ̶Գصɣ۾ĳ־ֱӣ˵ٽһȭҾͷ
ã
³һ֣вÿȭΣ
˵Ǹá֮󣬾ԳָԼıԳȫѪըԳׯأֽ趯֮䣬ĳʽ
ɫ΢䣬˵Ѫٻ벻ܼѪٻľԳĿ⣬Ͽȥ˵һΣֻʲôȥӦԣ
ϿԳľٶ֪ôʮ죬ǰսеĳʽȻ֮ͬѾоһ͸Գ
ʱѹ˵ڶʮһ


1330 µĳɳ磡
Գȫʼ
ϸо쳣һɲھԳڷԳڹעԳϵļ⣬¡ҪƤư㣬ڴ
ͬʱϵӣҲڲΪѾڿʼѹڶʮԾԳĹ죬ϻûж뷨뿴ȭܡ
ӡ
𡪡
ԳһֱĿХս𣬾Գһǳֱ׹ϡ
˿̣Ѿѹ˶ʮĲžԳȥ
ѹǧ
ȭ
һȭȭͷ棬תȻǺڶǣڶѲͬһɡ𡱵ζ
һΣֻȭͷûֱײһ
һһԳŽףĲڿռ
䣡
ը𣬾Գ϶ߵķݣ߷ȥѪշɽһײߵ£Ǻˣֱһ
һ֮ޣ
վһԵºβɫʱò԰ףоÿһɷĩ޵𣬾֣˫ַն˸
Ȼס֮Ҳɣǹɾȣһ𾪵ĵزڳһСȭ𾪵ģǳϵĳɳ
ÿµĳɳһȭǸղսִõģȻֻԳѪٻ̫ǿǣǻңҲô׾µģȻֱˣȭֻǳãǿͨᵽһز
ţ̧ͷ˿죬ģҲñ˺һὫȫģһһ󣬾Ҫȥƣھ俴Գܾˣǣտһɵˡ
Ϊվˡ
վ
û뷨Ժ뷨ȴ࣬ܵ˲ᣬ뵱Ϊǳģſռѷ˺˵㣬ֱӽʹԣ۾žϲ֮Ȼҵһܹ֮ͻһǧȭһ̨ס
뵽˵飬תͷǿ֮ǣѾӰˣǿŵǲ֪ȥ򣬳ϿϿѾƽԭ֪̾һطٴˣ鶼ûˣϧ
󣬳̧ţԳȥ֮ǰžһЦ֪ôģ俴ϵЦݣ鲻ԽЦˣԳﻹţıַʽ𣬻ʲô
Գϣ޹غبѺۣԳ̤ŵĳϣ֣վȻܡԳʼȫҲҪվǣôһʹʹӣԳʹܳס
ֻǣԳظоȥЩʹĵطҪһˡ
ԳŸղŽֵһĻֱȥײǸ˶Գ֮⣬һ𶯵ֱϮϣϵѺۣǱĽ
վ˾ԳǰЦˣûʡ֮Ļֻ֣ԳԥϢʱ䣬ڳϵϣϳֵһǣԳоڴһɢŲʹУȥһ롣
Գ֣֮ǰŵԣ
ϽԳԻǹӿľԳ˵Ժ緹緹Ҷһˡ
ֻҪܵҾһֱ㣡
ã
ľԳļ˵˺ˣ
ã
Գ˵鲻ղŽѪٻ֮ʹѹǧѾ˺ܴˣϵˣоˡ
Ͽ˾Գ뷨ЦˣҲϡ
ģ
㿴˵ٻ𣿡
񣡡
Գ˷ʵĵط
ģҳԹˡ
ϿЦܿȥɨȥһҪջ֮ʱ۾ȥֱһĵطʲôҪӿһ
ʱһâֱȥ
ۣ
񻮿һƤ㣬ǿͻسһˮ
ɻؿţȴ͵ػһ飬ǳ岻ģʲôˮȫǵ飬ɵ鹹ɵġˮȥ
ԳɵˣȻ˳ϸղ˵Ļ£ҪһֱˡͬʱԳֺΪʲôǰҲ¸ˣҽЩȫ˵Ļҵ֪ٱ˵ܴһˡ
ʶ㣬汦嶼ȵľ䣬ǳĵ飬ˣβԺһƬհס
黹硭
ЦڰЦ


1331 βԴ
ȥʱڻѾӵϢҪҵЩˣˡ
ڻҪȥʱԳˣ
Գ̱ӵһɲǣɢ¾Ѱҵܡˣʱ͸оˣ׷
޽Գһȭһȭҵ龰Ȼֱ޵Ļ棬̵ǵԺ
ս棬Ҳ˿ڻ˽Ϣȥ
һһԳɱģֻǣЩȫ׷٣²ԶصˣҲˣ˵ζԽԽŨϾҪˡ
´˵ǸԽСӻûϵϡ

أҲһֱû˵ҪնɱϲŶԣΪβж
ü˵ǿ϶ǺɱˣҶôֻ޿϶һᣬܴ
˵ţؽ۾ʵûɣ
ûУ
һǰȥ
üͷ˵֮ǰļƻԶ𹥡ɱȵȣͰ࣬УýǸӵŮ˸ץס
˵ͷ۾ԶȦ
ڡ顱־ʱص˵ˣʹߣԶѾһȺ˵Ļ棬
¶Ц˫һɫζĶŵصףµ𣬻Ųٳڷţټ˵עȫǾġ顱棬ȻδΣϮ
˵ǴӵصĶʲô
˶ҡͷʾ֪Ǹ֮ǰݿ壬ʱֳһ欿ˣ˰Σ뵽ʲô۾ڵ˷֮飬ȴû˵
һж׼֮غͲʩõӣˣһ˲ŲæǱȥ˰ռƻڰ
飬ѾһСɽ
û뵽ԳһսȻջ񣬿ȻԴԴĵ飬һֱҸԴĸоߵľ䣬ûйڵĵ
ûС
شúܸɴࡣ
еϧҪе÷ӵǡϵĻû˵꣬ͱˣֻ˵ȭܴԼһкѣ
⻰ó϶䣬ϵסû⣬ͼڴ½ʱҲԼĥĥ󷨸ڵҩ棡
ǰûеԼĥһ𣿡붨ֿضԾ˵лˡ
лҾͲˡ
ã
һЦĻ˻ȥһΣ潫Ҫ˵ǣֻҪһ˾ˡ֪仰˵ҲӦǣݾЩԳϵ˽⣬ٻóеССΣһβʲôɴˣǾͻˮһﵽʯ֮
˺ܶ࣬ȴû㵽ϴӦô죬ôֱӣϿһЦ׼ʱԶִһȣҵģòҪҶ
غģȻڻ֪ʲôǸصĳϿϵĶԲǷ
һ˶ˣǸողŷֵģôǱ˵أ
ԳķӦ󣬵ʳھȻʳԳƣŭ仰˭˵ģվ
˵ġ
ӰգЦ

ԳһЦֱһȭȥɸҵһ룬Ц˵䣬ȥ
ʱԳӴӣȻڵϣȻ󣬲˵ΣҲضų˵ڣ˭Ƕҵģ
˸ղĿ˾ԳǶôǿǱҪĴڣˣҲ˵ϣ㷲
ǿڻأȴ͵ԼĿʲôعͷĿԣ˵ˣյϢЩ˳ˡ
ҿˡ
ϵЦ˵ڻ͸ʲôҪǰʲôӦڻѵᣬǲſǶôǿڻǲ
ؾǰ߱˵û뵽ôЩûô£ֻϧǰûã
ϴǰţүү˺㣡
ŹֱȥӻڰУ֮ոۣܾͲ˾Գĺ󳾣ҵڵأЦ˵ˣûõġ
˽Ŀⶢųϡ
˵û˷ԣҾҪȡҶˣ
Ǽ𣿻أ
˵ˣصȻݣ͵һ㶣


1332 ɱǣǻ᲻ĵ
ų˵Ļӿ֮Уǲǹթģôһ֮ز֮ɢ˲٣Цʵô֪ǻأ
죬ҿˡ
ˣ
رģĻŪʮֲˣʲôǿıǡթҵģ
ʱεأ
ƾʲôҪ㣿
Ļش϶˳թģҪ˵ʲôһ˵ʲô˭ҷԣ˭ʲôã
ôĿհ
Ȼǵһʱϳ˲˵ĵҩȷʵòҸһĻᣡңȻ
ĺۼµ𣿡
ϴ˲Ļֱ˵£ֵųϣֱţܣֻǲµģҪ֪ô᲻أ
ţ˵ҪǸô˵ţϴӿռｫȡ˳ӿ룬͵һǺۼֱӸ÷飬һ˿档
ۼ𣬲һȻǸӦˣӿ𲻰ɫЦǲǰҿһֻˣ
֣
ؼЩϺɱȥ˫һѹȵȫҵ¡źһɹӵص׳˳˲ķȴԲʥ˿ҲûУ͵˵ϣɵ¡βڻҲ⣬Ӷص¡
ϾȻûе£սҲҪȳ֣ȴֹͬʱصٶ̷µҩͬʱҩݸϣ˵ʦǵƵıٶʲôֵܹһӡ
òš
Ц˵صһ㶣ضɫԾڶһ֣ԳЩǿޣ˿֮ɼ䶾Ѿﵽܸߵһ־磬ʦȻ˵ã
תͷʾ䣬Ҫ𣿡
㿴ˬ𣿡
ʣһָؾˡ
ˬ
ģǻģ
Цɱǣǻ᲻ĵġ
Ǻã͵Ϸɡ
һν̬ȣվߵĳϣظонƣ൱ڿһĿռ䣬ЩζĶϮ
кЩǰЩ׾Ͳµһֶ֮򣬾ǰҵһֻǽڽľ֮ǰȫȫľǶ֮
֮µľԳܵȵȾһˣޱȵĹ֮ھǰãˣȻ˾䡣
ڳԾͬʱҲ𾪣𾪳ʲôס˹֮
ûһ¶ûеĳ䣬ΪԾɹ֮ɵֱȥ䵽ǰʱֱӸն÷顣
һĻɫüΪֱӽ֮նٵģýֺͷһ룬֪ǸǳֵɵȲʱȫľˡ
÷һȷȷʵʵϮ˳ϵɳûе£ЦţֱòĹ֮ǲʧЧˣ
Ѿɱȥž䣬Ҳֹȥİ֣ʩõӣȴߵߣҪ¸Ю֣һŻԤ׵س˳
Ȼһúܲң
棬ҺΣ
治УǾͻһϻţ˵ĹѾɱȥˣһƻζһѪɫֱ̳̽ϣصǺȵ
Цݲ䣬лתǡˮ򡱵ֵģǰѪɫ̽ԶŻ棬ʩӣҪֵһ˲䣬ܻ澹Ȼ̵ʩӿȴȡһĤǻȥĤոȡըˣȴһСС磬ʩӵϣʩһƬڡ
ٸҴ⣬ҰŮˣ
˵֮䣬ˮӭˣʣһʲôҲûֻЦŶ˵ǻ֮򣿡
ʶģ򣬷ɽʬ˿˳ҲҲʶΧһĻΪ⣬ΪǸˣǳϣΪͣΪϿƲĻ֮
ҡͷǿϧ
ϧ
ȻϲʬҾͳȫɡ˵꣬һȣ
䣬˾͸оڵĻͱţ˵ʲôһ죬ȴһŻ𣬻浹ţëҲճ
ʱǱ̱ڵصɵϵĴ֣


1333 ʧʧ
ɵȻûж
ڳˣһֱûлᣬֱڣɵһ˶Ͼעɢ֮ʣѸײڶ֮ƣ֡
ָϴָڰŴһ˲䣬ȻǻΪӰˣɵһͱⴢ봢ָͬһ͡
Ǻɵ͵ŵġ֡ʼϤòϤ飬ʩչ͵ŵľѧҪڴϵӡͷ͵
뵽ͷҪɵﲻּƴɱأɵľٶЦˣȻɵŪĲ汦壬ҲóϷġ
ˣ͹ˡ
ɾЦʱɵȴҪˣΪ͵žѧʧЧˣһĶļ룬ָҲΣ
͵ȽóһȻ͵һ·Ͼʧ֮ʱʧֲҪֻҪܵһ͵С
ԣɵһʱоԾתҪ·ɵһǧһܵõô˵ĺϻĻоץأ
ȻɵҪ֮ʱ˵ҪʲôҲ𣿸Ҫ͵أʾһ£ɵҲܲһȫס
£ɵܹƴһ£ǣ˵һ䣬ҪٸҶ벽³
ɵ׳ġָ˭ǸԼĹļһһĺﻹڷĲҽУǲҽƺȫÿһϸۼġ
ǲҽУɵͲɴ˸ӣ¶һӣعӣһɲǣɵ֣ٴ˳֣Ҫ͵
ֻһβҪ͵Ķ͵Ķ͵
ɵǻ˳ȥȻ͵ˣǾǣնɱʱҪͷҲһģ;ͬѣؿһĻӿˣһȣȫ
ı֮£Խ⣬ʮˣٳȥģȥֵľˣˣغȺ֮£ضնϣʣˣȥǴ֣һץϵһֻȡ
һʱ䣬Σޱȣ˿̵ĳϣҲһ֮ʮ˶Կ
ȴЦûȥҪ͵ɵֻЦţ߿ɻһأЦţָ̧֣˳ȥָ£˵䣬ҿǲˬģ
һ䣬α𣬾Ҳ֣ϲ˵ҲҪˣΪ³һ˿ʧϾôмƻΧԳ˵в޴󣻳֮ʣҲ𾪣磬Ϣзף׻ʲô֮ЧΪ֮ʣ
ʣûд𰸣һμǸۣһҪԾԲ£ԽǿԽã
ڿգʸֻϢĹ򣬱ָľߣˣش󾪣ǿȫԤϣʵ˲ͱһ롣
ھ䷢֮ʱ֣ʱסˮը´Ҳȥɫң벻ףΪʲôһнʥʩչĹôǿܽ赲סܴص˲֪ȵǿܻٵϵġ塱
Զû¶һĳ䣬ӿģ˷ŭ֮⣬һУ涾ģĶҲʮֵţǰȴȫˡ
ܲˣݹ⣬㲻Ϊ˶ᱦҲҪݺ꣬óһŵҩá족óϰƵġɲǷ
ɲǷ˼壬ɲǼ䣬䣬꣬ľľľ
ƵĵԼܰɣԼƵĵУ˼
Ц˵һɱĿУûнɲǷӳȥĶ֮ҪɲǷ档
ͬʱɵ֣Ѿǳͨذ˳ϵ壬ǵﲿλǣֻܰϣ÷ֺɵʧ֣Ӳãһ԰ףޱȣ첻ȥ˵˵ǿ̶ȣһȡҪ
ɵԼóĽۣŵûֱ£֪ôͳǿ֮ɵ֮ǰԳƴɱ֪ϵǿʹʮȻʵģҪǿǿöࡣ
ɵ֪Բ֪ʱϳ֣ȡɵ֮Ѫ
ԱߣǲִһУ


1334 Ӳãδ
ɵӽϾһֱֲԾĸоûдɵ£ɵΪҲ²²⵽һЩûȥһֱ࣬ȡ侫ѪȽ˵ޣҪȥ˽һµģǱߣͨļ磬ҪӴޣȥһؼҵ·ˡ
ҲŴˣҪģЩûھĽ֮У
Ϊ˵ɵһ𣬶нʥǴʵǾ֮һ죬һڵеأ
ֵ񾳽ƴɱĳϣɵܱģ
ˣԳϵĹɵǺ޵ֿ֮ûѶٹ򣬾ͽ侫Ѫȡת俴ϵĶֱ̫ڴ󵨣˵Ѿǣ½Сģ˭֪һӣֻᷢʲô¡
֮󣬳һϵоٶ֮ǰԳս˵ôֶΣ罫һԳҲŵøƫƫ洿켴뵽ϴȭջ񣬲ģҲɡ
˵ⷬ䣬ûϵԺųģǰһȫСһеСһǺˣ˿̵ľ䣬ЦЦ֮ȫ䱸ԷǳûΧɱϣظղǸ֣ûھԺʧ
žѪĿȴǿԱߵĲƣ֮УѾֳһ˵ӰǴӴ˺ﺰж࣬ĿסеѪɫ̽
ʱѪɫ̽ѾʵΪ̽Ѫ֮ɫûˣӰˣѪɫ̽Ƕרôɱһ㣬Ƕ̽ѪҺֻҪѪɫ̽УǱߣҲˣ
ǰĹöЩ֪ˣͬʱҲˮĹ죬һ룬ƽʱˮʱˮҲûѪĪǣѶ̽ϵѪйŹ֣
ʱ򣬶뵽ʲôһ㣬̧ͷʧؿųϣջЦ˵վű𶯣ҴһȭҪܳŹȥѪҾͷһ·
໹ûлصù
ĬǾӦˣ˵ţȭȭؿڣǿʢ֮£ƤëէɱֵжȻعϽܣ̼ӰģֲֳƣƾԼУܹߵõɱֱС͵עٶȣ˵С͵ץסпܲɱִɱʧܵĽ֣Ѿעɣԣɱٶȸ졣
ȻǲƸոɢڶʱϵġȭֱҽ˲֮УƱ÷飬ӰٴֳԳһ˲䣬ϵȭͷ˶š
ԴԹѪɽֱϣЩѪոշɽͱȭ𣬸ɢޣţȭצһѽץס˵㲻ҪˣƫҪڿɺãѪҲˣҲԶ·
ֳʧȥѪ֮ɫĶ̽ȡľѪȴûǷŽһƿ֮У̽౻ڵϣҽٴκ
һһĲҽУص˶ӿ˴󲻰ʩӻΧĻηηŵսΪʩ֮У磻Ȼʩٲȥ£Юּƻ
ȡһӾҪ´ȥȥĳ´٣ɴģļأ´һ󺰣е˶˻԰أ
˵ʵڻڴʣ׼ӦԼϮĳϣҲǷǳɻ
ü˵ղΧɱʱôõĻᣬǸģΪʲô䣡ˣһֽۣǾܹɼƻõҪĶ
ʵǸʱҲ䣬ǣ䲻ҶΪһסˣڣùμҡѪɽǹͷҲλˣֱüֽ
˭
ֻֿŵʵԹĴնȥ뽫ննɢǷȴԽնԽԽնԽǿ̶̼Ϣ䣬ھʹͷꡱ
ȡˡ
ڼֶߣʱеĹܿƵƣѹϣңżֵĺۼöʹܣ赲ˣ
ƴˣһھѪ³ϱ貾⣬Ȼûмϣȴ˲ֻϧճͱô˻Ȼ˼Լϣֵ˫˫ű˵ϣ
ͬһ˲䣬ֵอз紵
׼õĲٴγˣ


1335 һæ
ٴγ֣ĿֻһǾǳϡ
˿̳´ȥϻŰֻΪʲôûɻ󣬳´ٺǾ仰ͬʱǱնУǰնȥնòǳеնա
նлտʼƽ棬һ˲䣬նб۹⻪´ٿкȵƣƣƣƣ֮У´ٵʵΪȫ˳
ȴصϵģڴԲʥ֮䣬ʵʵɨȷҪǿϼ֣Ŀһݣ˵۷壡
֮УûгԾ俴ųϣ뿴ܲӦ
ơУճѷ죬ѷǡγһ֣мǸڣպö׼
Щŵ
һʣµ߸߿Ƭͷһ飬ͬʱɳ˲䲼ǳ󣬽ǡѷ죬г´һΧ
ͷóͲͣڶͷķǻ顱ĵطбһۣǳ
㲻ýġ
´ٴǳУȻ壬Գ˵סңסռѷ죡
˭˵Ҫס㣿
˵ţ汦ҲǳУֻǲǿ˶ѡ
һᣡ
´˫ֽնУ˵ո£Ϸȭͷֱ˹ȥ´ɫأն͵ֱ򡰾мǸڡ
նмɱǰš֣Ǵšѷ֮նϵȭͷռѷµģǣһ̣ȴޱȣ·šһš˳´ٵĹ֮У
ɼط򡰾֣˿ãǻòͷˣԼȥ˼նɱһ㣻´ƲԳԷ
ɣ´һơ£ֻȭͷҲҪµģǣǡơֶڳ´ٺϾҪʱ򣬳ӳһ
ǼЯĿռ
ռһްȻһʧˣǸبգЩɷġ֣Ҳʼбб
ʲô
´𾪣û뵽ϻܹƿռѷĶʱϡȭϮݺ˳´ϣ´ٸоѪ⡢ͷȵȿʼһһÿһΣѪ⣬һЩ÷飻رȭǸλѪܵĿն
ʲôȭ
ȭ
֣´ٿ벻סȭô¶Ŀּ䣬һŨİֱӽסѹѹ
´նУȴޱȣʱϡȭȥɢȫովȭֱ֮Ӹ߽ݻˡ
оȭǰȭʵ´ٻƴնУδ˵ûиоҶȭúñȽһ£
ʱ籩ȭͷ´ûˣһǡȭһǡȭһǡȭѭתۼ䣬ҳϰȭ֣ͣʵڣо𣿡
ҡ´۾ųޣҧһ˳Һƴˡ
ƴ
¶Ŀ⣬Ϊ㻹ƴĻ᣿ΪҲµǳֻһ𣿺ðɣȻ㲻ţǾɡǳת
ǳת´ٸоһܣ͸룬ţ´ٱﴫıűһ಻
ͣͣ£
´ٷΪŵζ
Ժȴ˵ΪʱܵĹЦŶԳ´˵ٰһæ
ͣ£ͣ˵
ȴӦңϾҪģҿɵСһ㡣һһ̤ǰ´ͷһ죬ͻΪҽˣȫﻹȥô࣬æصúúãҴӦҴӦ㡣
ȻǳֹͣתҲһץס˳´٣´ٶµ˵Ҫʲô֪֮У´˾ơ
һָϷһ˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪһվˡ
һվ
ɻأ־´һֱվҲһ˲Ŀˣֻϵ˵󣬾ֻжʮܲܰҲڶʮһˣǸ㣬һǸλϣҲֻлĽ֣
Ҫ
´پ𣬡ҪʲôҶӦҡ
ģ
ģġ
ԣһô׾ͶأβҪɱҵִȥҡҡͷǰȥ


1336 ᣬҪҪ
ȷʵ׵ͷȻҲ棻ǣһǰᣬǲĻ𣬶˿̣´ٸоҪĻڻڱȭ롰ȭܺɨǱ鲼ȫʹĸоԽԽ̣ų˵Ļ´ķȫʧȫ֮Уֱӷ飬ܻ
ԣ´ĵͷˣ
ˣ۲ʶ̩ɽϹۣ־Ҳô˵⣬ֻҪĹңһḶôĴۣˣܹܶµģܶܶ£
˵
ϽŲδͣ
ܹǸסǡ
òţԼʰ
´⻰뵽伸Ϣ˵Щߣ뵽ڱյͬ飬һȴ˿û˵ˣʲôҶ
⣬ʦòã
á
´صƺо˻ϣ
ʦûоϲͷҪ㣬Ϊĳֲɸܣɱһࣿ
ûУˣֻҪŹңʦ϶мġ
𣿲ұ𣿡
ģһģ
ǣʦ£
´סˣԺ£ȫһѡ⣬ֻǰϢԥ´˵
ϧˡ
³֣´ֱֻϼ˵Ӳһ㣬˵㲻Ҳܼȥˣ㲻֪ʦˡ
ˣҴˣҲҡ
ûᣬ˵ţʵɣһ㣬ܶ£֪ܶϢ˵ȷʵкܶôģڣһЩ䣬ԣ㵹ùˡ
˵꣬һ̤ڵڶʮһǰ棬´ٸȥ´˫Ѫ죬ȼѪҲҪ㣡
֪´ҪԱˣֻǵ𣡡
´ٱһε˹ȥҪԱɹģȴһޱȵġ֣Ȼ󣬳´ͣ˵ڶʮһ
Ȼʧˡ
Ȼǧ֮һϢʱ䶼ûмס屬ˡ
˿ռ˳´ǰնУǡѷ죬˵ռ֮֮Уȷʵһš˲ֶһŵƣȻŵƲѶȣǣúòһؼʱ̣ҲóյЧ
Ѫӿ䡣
ˣǳеҲ̽ȥ֪浽׷ʲôص˵УȻΪϴ򲻹´٣Ͼ´ٸղűֳΪ۷塣
ԳϣžԵģܶȹٵˣô俴һѾڵϣȴԱյߣЦǲ֪
켴뵽һ⣬ϣܶȹλ٣
˼һ˲ѣϳǳӰٴγ˵ǰ˿ȥУ˳֮⣬ûӰ
ųϣɶԳԽɱˣΪȣ䲻֪ÿռס˳´Ϭʽͬݵϻһ㣬⡣
ؿѪƮĵطͻףѪǳ´ۼؼϽĿӿҵĲ
ɾʱϺȻһ𣬽Ŀƿ䵽˲ԶĲϣ
ЦˣЦˣ˵˵Ľ͵ʱ򣬲ŵʱ̣ڿĵʱ̣Ȼϣ֪ҷǳ㣡
ϵ˵ͷȥ
һʥΪߣʵȴǿò񻰣һܹɲǷ˶꣬ûû뵽Уֻ˰칦򣡡
ԽԽʢɫȴһͣ˵ɲǷ֪ɲǷһӦֵģǿųϵӣȴûлų֣Ժֳ︡˳ʩչĻ档
ǵóѵЦŵأ˰Ȼ֮ɫڣͣˡ
ĵ
һ㶣˿ţоףȴЦ˵ܺãڵĸоأ
ܺãٺûˡ
𣿡
ЦţΪϵϣѾƣ¶ֱۣĿ֦һ˵ڸоأ

ϵҲ˥˼꣬Ҫһ㣬һоûУǰȥ˵һᣬҪҪ
вɣ
ϵĽ棬æʩ˵ϻȽն˵


1337 ԼƵ
ʩӳȥʩƤĤٴγ֣˫ƤĤʩڳǰҲģµòˣΧķ羰ҲǴ䣬¾ױСˮŨѪΪ̣Ŀɱ¾תɰ͡
ƻã档
ǰãǳְһĨٻӰǱߣЦ⣬ۺ飬һٺڷиǺ촽ﴫ
ţˮ̣ˣٻӰ߽ϵĸоԽ̣ƽ͵⾳·͸ƤѪ⣬อԺӡ
ϦбˣٻӰˣͷĳϣȴͬǿҪȥϦһ㣬˳ĺˣٻӰҲñһͷڷҲ˰׷ƣҪͷҪҪִ֣֮
΢紵ϪˮƲ㣬ҹɫҲʼˡ
һϢ꣡
ˣˣΨһûģٻӰϵĽŲ
ΧһУƺڳϵǿϣԿ̣
˿̣ٻӰϽֻ߲
߲֮ʲô
ٻӰҲʩΪ߲֮󣬵֣ϣִסֵһ˲䣬Ͼͻữ羰һ֣һʯͷһˮһʬǡ
һĲ
岽֮ʱٻӰ֣ʮָϸиʱٻӰһ㶵ǣҲ֣ʩһ֮зЦǿʵٸߣҵĻ֮ҲֻΪЩ棬ѾĹ˰ɣǰвңв
ųϵˮУϣɫ޵һ̲ס˽ȥʩپеһ֡
ȻеģǴģ
ѵ
ʩӿųϣɳϻһģ̤һ֮䣬ָк֮ʩӹ˲ȥֻҪץס֣󹦱ɣһⶼ⣡
ˣʩһˣץȥ
ץסˣˣ
ʩ˲˷ܵ˼㣬Ȼ򣬾ʱ˷ȫϣץסģָȭͷһɺޱȵ塣
ʩѪˡ
оԾʩӸϽƤĤȡȥҪûģӿҵĲ֮УϣҪתӡ
ֱӼ汦壬֮˳ȥͬʱȭצӥӿʩӸץȭѾʩӵԴ
飡
һȭʩӸҵͷۻţ㲻ҵĻӦݽȥ˲Ŷԡ
Ҳл
һ䣬ڶȭڻصһţһ÷紵ˮ̣ټ֮ܳΪˣô֣ã
һ仰£ʩѾ㰤ȭûʹȭȭһֻ࣬ǵġȭ߼ȭͷʩӵ毺ݲټƮƮ㷢Уʲôߣָţȫûˡ
еģֻһͷ
ڴ֮䣬Щʩϡ
ҵʹʩǰʵʮֵĲģûȥϵƣûעϵֻѪʵôһģ
ԼƵģ
ȭ£ЦȻû⣬⾳Ҳ⣬ʴҵʴҵ־ǣЩҪģҪǣ⾳ͲЭ
ˣˮûˣϦҹ㶼ʧˣʩӵҲԽӴӷˣΨһûʧģǲʩϵԪڤ٣ûʧˣֵ
ȻôϲŮˣҾͳȫ㣬Ը˫ȭһΣȭͷ˹棬Щ棬ʩ󣬾ۼһʩӵȥ
ֻϢ书ѡ
ؿʩڱ飬д󾪣ϮɱԲӿȥϻһɣزһͣ˵òҪң
رѣ뵽ԼȻסŭʲôϷݺ֮ʱСӻûгأ
ȷʵˣ
ϵͷϣǰţһ꣬ݺʱ򣬻δʮĳϣûг֣һʩӣʩֱײأϵûɢ
ʱͷͷطǿľһӣײȥųϳȥģаǡȻľСӿ
Ϻȵʲô

ŭ


1338 ƴƴ˭
ӿư磬أһʱЩʧ˲񣬿ʩֱԥأһȥҪʩӸߵһȥȻʩײĻڲ֮أ
ϣؾѪĸоΪͷʩӣֱܹ߷ɣȴϣߵѪ֮ϣȴڼӲһһ˳Žż⣬ӿȫ
ͬʱʩϵԪڤ٣Ҳ˫֣˲צһظΧ棬ý
ȴ˲ô߽֮࣬ʱ˫֮Уɳǧϸ룬籩кÿһ룬̺ǿƥĽ֮ͬʱصʵΪҲ¶Ȼһ
ɢ
һɥҲûУƺϾû֮ǧ⣬㻹ɱһ𣿡
ţؽӿȫųȥͬʱԪ飬ǣԪڤ˸һ㣬飬ַ
ؼ״Ϊŭͣ飬˵ΪôɱԽսԽɱˣΪϷûɱ𣿾ǵϷҲ֮һƴοһнʥ
ŭУǷɳȥǧ룬Ѿ۳ҡװβХϷҲᣡ
ֱ֮ϣԾ֮䣬һռѷ죬γŭУɫѱѪأЦˣЦǾƴƴ˭࣬
Ϸ㲻ɣ
ϲԪڤ٣۳һ˷Ϯϣÿһռѷ죬ռѷѳ
ЦˣԱߵĲʮٿԽԽ˥ϵģɻɲǷߣʱڣͻ£紹֮ˣЦ˸
˼䣬ͻ뵽һʣ˵Īǻعⷵգɷһͱض͵ƻ𣡡뷨òΪ϶Ϊ
ϣҲЦޱȣһ죬ȵ֣֮
ɲʱǱشɢİٴڿգ֮ǰȣЩͬؿЦһûʵٶֻһ㣬ֻܻϷǰ
ûнĻֻٴ𣬴ȣ֣֮һȫ۳ɵľԼԼظڿС
ض֮۾ЩʣЩȡ
ȴǽӶغȵ֣֮
ˮ֣֮
֣֮
ڤľ֣֮
׽֣֮
ƾ֣ڿеλãȴǸպòˡоɱ󡱣ÿһǰһȴ˻Ļ֮
УȻ֮
رϵĴֱסˣӿͷڳ˽Ա𾪣ڵֿŵĹطˣҲˡ
Ҳһ㶣켴ͣţǻعⷵգôǿûõģûõġ
ھ䣬ϲ֮УϾоȫΪʲôҵһûпʣ䲻֪ϵεģʣһζȻּϲϲУһΣ¶ɱŨɱЩˣýɱܰѳ֮Ϣ͸¶ȥ
ɱ֮ʱغͻһݣЩʧ񣬾ССһʧԪڤֱʮɣظϽ飬Ծĸоȴûʱ˼ȥ
Ϊֺ֣֮
һе룬һ֮ͷȻ֮֮꣬ϣһһ㡣
ꣿ
侪ϲͬʱɱŨ
ֱˣҲڷŷ֮ռѷ飬ϿأĿȻֺȵ֣֮
žž֮һ繹ɵޱȵشߣҪ÷ֳ˿˿ɫΪףϧɫȻǷֻ֮ա
ҲʱϽɵľѪȫ𾪲ѵɵоԺǵӡľ֪룬ԺһƬհףʲôͷʦ𰡣ȫȻ֮С
κɵеĳϣӴԺҵһ֮䣿һ֮䣡
ϵ֣һ
뿴ϣҪ۳ʲôѾѪˣȴƴ۳֮ƴ˺ѷ죡
ûлȴǽһ
˲֪⡣
ǡʱϴХ֣


1339 Ϊ
һ֮һ֮գȫǱܵأϽ֮ϣλãһģһ
һǧһգ
һ˵ѹɢ֮Уж赹ڵصˣӲȥʩӣҲˣҲˣǣ˲ãҲ˵ãֻƴؼסǵѪԽԽ࣬ƤѣѺ۳֣ϵҲڸ֮ʱͽ顣
֮⣬û˵ģֻо䡣
Ŀ⣬ֻҪܵ춯ҪնɱŲųʲôɲǷ֮һغˡ
ϵǻ۳ǹ֮⣬ɱϣʹ˴סˣЩ¶Ķǲ֪ģĵƣɲʾǰ
أʵ˵˭ࣿ
˭࣬ȻǲԶ
ؿƴ۳ʮ֮һǧһǰ⣬࣬Ȼǲ䣬ŬԼӵЦ࣬ʲôãϷһһǧ
ԣ
Ծԡ
ز֪Сڲ˯ʮһ۳ظհȻ˵⻰ȴͻ뵽һҪģ֮ǰȴ˵⣬һǧһҪ٣һԲʥܹ𣿡
ʸճؾ͸˷񶨵Ĵ𰸣˵һԲʥʮһٸԲʥأҪٸʮ
ػˣȴһ̤̤֮ϣһ֮ǰվǰһ֮󣬺ŷ׶ٺǴоɱ֮ͷϵ֮
оǹɱǿԽеʸӵɣǧϷҲÿռѷ콫̸ɸɾ
ллѣ
˵ռϿգпռѷ֮ռռͥҲ
ɵˣ֪ЩʲôռѷԸϵΨһ֮һû˿ռѷ죬ؼֱ
ʱ˳´ٵ
Ϸţ
ָʹʮ֮ڿذأһĿռѷ죬һأ֮㶼Ǹռȥ
ʲôԣǷһʲôܹסռѷ֮ȻԴ벻ǳϴӴܻģȴϳЩϣǰЩӳ⣬ȡЩģ
뵽⣬Ķˡ
ԣ
˵һеʱȥȵϷɣ֮Уǰһϣʮֱײϡ
𣿡
һʣ죬ȣΪ
£ϵڽ˽֮ϣתΰٱ䡱ǳϵһα仯ؼ״һ㶣ɸһʣѵϣˣ
˼ʲô
֮ϣϴƺƵȥˣȴˣֻӭϣضסϻ뷨ֻҪˣٶҲãң˲ɲǷ
һشȣʮ𡣡
ʮ֮ˣģȴ룬еķ룬ȫϣϻХŭ
һǧһͬʱŭ𣬺ֱӽʮĺѹȥЩٶȣޱȣеֱ˵أˣʮ֮Ȼѵļزٳɣٶȸ죬ʮָ֮⣬Ҳʮ룬ǰȥķ룬磡
һһײ˹ɭɭٺȣ
׶ڰ㡱ʩչЩֱķ룬ȴŷ׶ת䲻ϣش󼱣ȴǴ֮ײȥ
һֱ֮ӱײɢײɢķ룬תУǵڶһֱײ֮ų֮Ǳ׶תķ룬ٶҲȴǷܣҪﵽ˷׶ļޡ
رǻҲѣɼ״˲׹ô¶ųϺ֮ЦϷ㻹ôײϷ㻹ֶܼʱ򣡡
ϲᣬһǰײȥûнӴھ֮֮ɢˣֻʣ³ϻһײȥ
ϲֱûᣡ
طȥ
ͬʱϺȵ꣬оɱ


1340 һ
֮´оɱ֮Ͻһȫ۶ȥʵһ֮˲糱ˮ㣬ײ档
걩֮䣬ʮɡɡǧɡɣ
بڿգգ
ɱأر֮£侪ȴҧһݣƴնϣҪһѣ˿̣ƴľٶȡ
߶գ֮䣡
Ӹ߿ռ£֮Ա͸ٶѹ˲СһɴСǣһɴСɢƣȴ֮ǿŨʢ
ָķ룬ѾֶȥҪײʱɵǰһţֱЩ˽ȥЩ룬ǽ֮۳ɵķ룬
һͷײأ
оɱĵӣжǿ϶˵ϾһصĴڣֻʵʰ㣬ꡱҧ飬ײϣؾֱײɡ
Ѫ֮ʣԪڤޱ޼ʵط賤û飬ǽֵȥ꣬ҧȥشȣ
Ȼ󣬵һͬըҲǾˣ걻ըûԪγɵףѿĿӡ
ֳɶûУţ˱Ҫܾͷ
֮УѾǰҪԪڤٵأֻٴη£ϽֵĹҪ˺һռѷ죬ͻʧٳʱȴǽصұ۸ҧ
شţһȭͷȥո£شҽУȴ꽫صұˢˢҧѪԪڤپͷֳϸǶϱ۴ӿȥѪһζ
˦ͷҧؼˣ꣬ҲûΪʹʣµʮ֮ײϣϹһƾǿ֮Ӳھ֮ײ٣̶ײеأһȵ
ʱɢϵӣѪ̶ۣת飬תٶȣӵˡ
̧ͷŽĵڰھ֪֮ڴʲộϴˮ
֮ʣ½ľһˣҲ˲ȥ˼̫࣬Ų˷ԭ򣬼ȵľ
ͬʱȣеػȳģȴǰʧˣʱ󾪣ֱӽǵָ˶طֲ֮ʱб̤ȥ
ϧǳôһ˲䣬صıϣҧһ⣬زһͷȥֻǶ·񱼣󾪴֮£ɺԪڤֽѪĺ󱳸£
ؿ֮ʱĿ⿴ϣ֮ǰ˵֮ը㲻ܽϸըҲóˣЩɲǳصġ
ȻһӿģǻģǾǱֹͣתķ룬˿ȴתɣϵ󣬷סˮ𡢽ľתƵʣһ£ҾԽԽ֮ĿЩתøӿ٣
ؼȥؼɱڶиˡӡͷٲӣˣͻ´һֻһ̯Ѫ
Ҫӣһӣһ߻ҪһѣҪʣµľ֮ȫΪʱоƾ֮ԽԽѣȻо˼ս˵ĸо֮⣬Ԫڤٵԭ򣬿֮ʣҲûȥô࣬Ҳ뱬Ԫڤ٣ȴ𱬵ʱûУ
ǡڴ˿̣ؿ֮·վһˣǰֺնŸͬˣ䶢أ˵ȥ
㡭

䱩ȣһ֣صӱ㷭ȥ֮Уоޱȣ۾ﻹ¶˺ȣ
ѳڣǣֻ֮ըʣµľ޾ɵƮڿУر뽫ӿסɿһĻԾӷˡ
͵أػһԼȵϷΪôˣϷ񣬲ʥ뵽Ԫڤٵԭ֮ǰԪڤپһֱΪֻǱͣ飬֮٣ˣɵΪӣȴ֮
ֱˣʱ䣬Ϊ֮ʥ
ʧأվм䣬һ꣬һ߾䣬һǳϣôҲӲЦǲǾÿЩ֮ܳҰһѣΣ
ֱָʣ¾ȵɢ
£֮ɢ飬Ϻػһɨȥȴ֣סתȻںһת
ͬʱЩתŵķ룬Ҳ˲ޣռѷ죬Ҳʼպϣ


1341 ûʦ
ںˡ
ؼǵãһɽƴɱ֮ʱסˮҲڣɱǳǿ϶ˣһεںϣľǾˣ˲仯Ϊޣֱӽռѷ춼ĨƽˣȻлĹϵϿ϶ҲĪϵ
У϶һߣ϶Уĸߣ
ûȥƶ˻ǣվмͬľżأ˼ţһͲбһߣϻڵĻ棬һգû˿ѷ죬뵽Ȼһڰ㡱תĨƽռѷ죬ʱһéٿ֮Уȭĵˣ϶ģڰתǸߣûСڰ㡯תЩסˮȶֲͬԵɾڡ
⣬ɳʣУʲôϵôҸоˡڰ㡯ת֮⣬м仹Ŷأ
ϻֱʵ˵սֹǸһ¥ô򵥡
ǱߣľϲһŨŨϸ̫ľϲǻĨƽЩռѷ죬Ҳ˸ɾ䣬ֻнʥȴ
Ͻ£׼ʱؽвҪΰٱ䡱ָֻòӲϣвлʱϨ
˲ӣ̤ȥЩתһųƶƺƵƥУľȻеأͻػ񣬿ųԽԽ˵㲻ɱҡ
Ϊʲô
һʦͻ֪ʦѾʱʦȻܲɱңجξͽ٣ԽɱңԲʦһ֮УΪʦֵĻᣡ
ɹˣסˣҲҪ

شһеǿʯͷ£ֻҪǾͻлᣬĻᣬʦҪСӵķҪĹЩȫƳţȴϼ˵Ҫ
˻һػ
μˣ۷֮ʱٶҲƴϣ˵ʱ˿Ϊ䣬һǡȭϳȭͷ֮ʱȭһξѪ
ԥ
ϱµأԪڤټԳһޣһȫסţĹ֮ȫڣڰת
ǰϰٶ֣ڵ֮ڣѪ֮ѱĵøɸɾϿڰ㣬ɫ磬
ǰЩ֮ڶľ֮˵ǿ˺ֹʮҲоѣѾ֮ףֻ֮ƴԱʩˡ
֮ǿ϶ԾҲԽһϬĽնն֮£ʲôն飿
Ȼڳȡ֮ʱҲڶԼŴ֮ϵʵԽԽߣվĵطҲߣͬʱϵҰԽӿģΣҲԽ࣬вɱĴڣҲԽ࣬ǰĶ֮򣬱Ľ򡭡
ԣϲ˿иץסÿһܹǿĻᣬǿ
˵Ĺ֮ȡ󣬳Ǿָһã֪ʲô£һָʩӣβ˵Ǹ˽̸ˣӦʵӡ
ʩҲѹųϣľţ˵ĿβϣԼһ㣬Цƾҵġ
ʩûܼ˵ȥΪԼΪѾ䣬ߣ޾꣬һ磬ʩӸϽȥδƣֱۣҲһƬһƬĻ꣬ʩӸԼǻþ
βһЦȷʵǻþҪƲ˵Ļβ˵ʩϣԽԽĵطʼ꣬ʩһߣԺȴͻ뵽Сʱ򡭡
һЩĳϣתͷ˲һϳ۾ֹסض²ĿˣʵѾ⣬ǣܾһ˫۾ֻҪһͻɱ֮ˣҶֻվԭųһĻһĻ
ȻҵĹ֮㱣ϵ̬ٴΰοԼˣѾˣͿҪսˡ
ʵûʦ𣿡


1342 
ϵʻ뵽ظղ˵Ļ뵽ϸءҪж鲻Խؽһ£ѹĵ̶ҡҡͷ˵ûС
˵֮󣬲Цˣ˵ûУǾͺðˡ
ʱ֮УųߣȻɻʵ㲻ɲǷΪʲôôл
ȻЦţһ̤ϵȫʧһ̤̬ȡ֮㣬ľش
ųԽԽоǹɱ˵ĲСӣÿһŶ̺Ŷϸڲ

˵ʹеʣɫӲȻ涾Ȼ֪˵ζʲôͬʱʸŨأɲǷ˰֮Щж˺ޣ棬̲ж
֣ؼ˵һλʱž֮ɫĿ⣬ͻشŹʣޣȻҲֱܽЩڵ֮ڣһҽ
ЦǲҲӵ
ܵģ˵ͷ
ǺãҸ㡣
ϻ֮䣬Ѿǳĺˮһ㣬ΧҽгȻ뵽Īôǣͬˮһˮڣˮݽ׶ʱģͲǺôΣա
ƴطţʩϵƶסʱһӣϧһд۵ӣ
ȻĻص³ͽ³ȷʵоϣȻһЩֶΣĳϣЩֶΣãֻͽͺķˡ
ɾʱһֱڳһطʽתŵɵ˲ͷϿգǸռҲйȥʱһֱȫĸоҲܡ
Լֱ³˾ѪڣһѪѭ֮ԽðԽŨ˵ѭˣǣӣȴԾԶ
Ϣʧףһ㣬ӿŨŨ𾪣ղѭʱ򣬸оܵĿռ䶼ˣֺá
ųϣʵǿһʥ¿ռ䣿˿ͷܹռѷ춼ĨĴڣ˵˵ʦô죿
˵ʲôû
Ȼųû˵Ҳʦһɣöģڣǿȴûеĳ̶ȣǳ֣ɱ㲻ѣңҷģ鷳
㵽˵ʲôһû
ɫѿˣصϣ͵óۣϲŲûʦأڴӲӿڲı̰˳ϵı񵹺ãԼ̰˽ȥ
͵أ뵽ʲôΪ˵֮۶þеˣǰ˵һģҪǸᣬҪ
ЦˣڲŨŨĿ֮У˵˵ô䶼ˣô֪˵ʲô
Ļش𣬲֪Լˣ׵ˣϣرգָǿߵѪԣϮľʹ綾ߣ˵Ҫأ
ûлش𣬶Ǳߵأȴ۾һݣ¶˼֮⣻˵һѣһ·Ҫ·ϣǡ
ѣʲôѣȡѣҷѣ㹻𣿡ЦĿص˵ҲùҲҪ㲻ùҲҪ汳
𣿡
ϲм˵ҪԱȴԶأӰϮһ㶣ʱȻܹ󣬲ϲˣֻҪؽ֣Ҿͳûӡ
ӵϣǹ־ʧӰ٣ҲûȥأлϣʱֻҪܱסԼĹ˵ʼ׼ţϮǰתһǴ˿̣
Ȼ󣬲³Ѫ
Ȼ󣬲شӳߴ
Ȼ󣬲һ룬ֱ塣
Ȼ󣬲ԼһξѪȡžѪߵǰ˵ˣҲ
һõĿʼ
϶˵ӹ˾Ѫת
Ϊʲô
ףţ׷ʲôأΪʲôҪ͵Ϯң
ܿ죬ͻΪʲôˡ
زЦּһ䣬ж֮ǰľѪ֮ģ


1343 һܣ
ӡµʱ򣬲ҵ˴𰸣Ϊʲô
һ̣ףӴ֮ʲôʦʲôţһãʵɣ
һʱ䣬ûеóֱӵĽۣģԲǰһˣʱ̡
ϲЩɱˣɢȥ˿תй꣬˷֣ΪоԼˣøǿˣ֮⣬һЩ仯Уӡ˻һ㣬˵ˣʲôԸ
йͣ˵ֻҪҳϣõģܶࡣ
˵꣬˿ռȥβʩӻڽŲҵƴɱʩӵΪȷʵǽˣʵҲˣľ飬ûΪһʧ֧ʩʱᴦڰ֮أʱţƴɱļʩӵĴԽԽΣա
ǰΪԪڤΪһ˰˵飻ɿʩӵΪµʶΪĵ䣬ֻʱ⣬־飬һΣһεĻ׺ܶ࣬߹һε·ܶôվһΣࡣ
ǵΪܹٻָҲãһ֮Убϣǵʦ֮ʱ벻ĺô
Ц顱ȥͬʱлýԪڤߵƷףƴɱ֮УͻУܴռƣҪҲٵˣˣ
ն飬뵽ȻɽʵǣһЩˣҲԶˣҪʱԼʵȻһУͲˣ˵
ʱѾߵ顱ǰ滹緢顱Ҫȡ顱ȥǷйͷڣڿУȴͻͣס
״ǳ֣˵ϣôˣ
һЦصûʲô뵽һܡ
Դһоѧɣ֣ҪĻδ̫ˣһ̣һУǡ
Ȼͨ˽סȵȴǸߣûдղ뵽ǸܣԪڤϣԪڤٽֵΪɣ併ͣתʲô᲻ΪĻָѶȱӣЧǽΪɵ֮пƵĻǼֱǲѴ֮ˡ
صΪָ֪ûЧˡ
˵仰ʱʮ½ϣһصɽһڷߺ޲ѣģӡǣôȥôǸСӣϷһҪȥһҪȥ
ߺ֮ԣȻģѾġ顱װɾһͷص֮׹ȥ״ԥȥҪȷϵİΣһŷǳǱӣҪó׳ɳ
ص£ǧɴһСɽȫɡ顱ɵɽ𾪲ѣЩ顱һܹһٽҲһ൱ֲ֡
Щ飬ܹ֧ͻһǧ𣿡ţȡͷͷ볯šɽŵĹͷ档
ϸո˹ͷ˵䣬ȡһְɣҪû㣬һӦ
ҡҡͷ㷢ֵģȻӦù㡣
Щ⣬뵽ֵ̤⣬û˶౦ĵģʵ㿴ϣ
飬Ǻö˵̽ȡ˾ſţ˵ſţ㹻ҳֵıˣʣµģˡ
Ƿ飿
ţȫս˴Уɽʧλãֱֱ׳ĹͷϸϸģһأЩϳĸооǰһָǡ
俴ͷʱɻ󣬳ϽͷһˣߵǰЦǷһ顣ε¶ϲɫͻأ磬ֱϳȥ˵ϣˡ
£
ϻµʱϵľƣӦò££Ǿ֮뵽˵ڻδȴ϶Ҫص
ϵǰѾһͨȴǾ俪ٳģ˿̵ľܼܼȳ϶Ҫóϸղֳ֣ʲô֮ʲô꣬ʲôȵȴȥ˭ɱ˭
Ϣ
ٶȳ嵽ϣһɨȥβѾʩƴɱΪʩѾڵϣûս֮ܡԳ˶ڣҲڡ
Ψһʧģ£
ȻǺջˮһɨ壬һ򣬷׷ȥԪڤٽǶסΪ߿׷ȥ˺ޣ㶼ڳ֮


1344 
ϵġߡٶȾԲرѭ£ڣϵٶȣȴǸϲϾٶȣ֮ǧס
ʵ俴ĳϣи𾪣˿̣Ľ£̤һҪ֪ǰնɱʵһ֮ңߣûжʹ˽ɣѽһ
Ҷ˱ֻ֮ǧף
оȣרĿĿɲϱ˭ٶȿ죬ҪǸץסϢڳϵٶȣ˵ٶԽԽã
ҲţҽҡֱϾľͨ롮ߡӣ䣬Ӧòʲô£ֻǣ⾭δͨӽڳǿȣʲôܴͨǳǵҪǿǳܣ߻
أԺ︡˶ȹٵÿһĻȻ٣֮ʱܲ⣬ܳͨ󣬽ͷ£ƴѭž񱼣
䱼ǰʣµķ桢ǣøԶڻ˫ͷǡѩ¹ͣصԽԽޣ񱼵Ķ飡
ԶһΪ֮أվĴӣУץ£˵Ϲ£¸ҪһУ

Ϊ£˿ȴǸޱȣ˵ĸֵʱĴӲɻһ飬˵Ϊ²ɱ㣡
ðɱҰ
бһۣʩչǶԹûã
Ҷ˵仰𣿡
˵µķӦΪȣˣĲһս׵нʥҲ½а壿
ţȴûܼѿӦ£ûзΧĹ£񻹾ĸԸµļΪģһȤ
ǣڵֻһ£֮⣬ʲôںȻҪնɱ˳ϣԳϵĺݣѾﵽԸӵĵزǺܿҪƣȥôӦûµĺۼٵɣ
һӰƬ֮صϿգ侶ֱǰս㶼ˣ
˭
㻰û𣿡
˵ɣȣ䣬ϵӰھԣ񿴵ϳ֣˫еķߺޣֱŨʵʰ㣬˵ϣˡ
ЦϹ㻹гϢȻһֻʥΪŮ˳֣ȥ϶ʱڣϴޣ
ֻҪɱ㣬ʲôں
ڼˣѵǰĽѵļԣ治ã˵ţػŭ˵˭ҪҾͽŮˣǰѾһеڱŮ˵·ϣҪܿһ㣬϶ܸҿӣǱŮˣҲһŮˣ
ķŭٴαȼȴתȥסľ䣬Ծ˵ҪǿҴ򲻹ٳ֣Σ
ǵ۷壬񣡡
֪
Ҫ
Ĳ
ЦһʣĲֻҪսսսеͷ̤˳ȥԾգԻ˵Ů˵죬Ȼڹؼʱ̣ɱ
ǣʦ𣡡
Ӧ£ֱµ죬¿ųϣϲѾ˵ͽ´򵹣
㣿
ЦҪģ

һȣһμϣϴȣȭӿһȭ򡱣Ǽ򡱵ȴûͣ£ʮָ£ߣѷ죻ƴʩΪѷʮʮգ֮䣬
˻û꣬ӳĳоż﷢غһУǸѧģȫ±
¡ʱը𣬳ϵȭͷպýӴ򡱣
ضΪˣԹۣųĥڣôΪһԥûУҧѪָѪѪüƣȣ
ʱһצֱڿգһһָϣȵצǺ¡ȥ
˲ʩչֶΣɫǲ԰һƬȻûͣ£ȣն𣡡
£ֶԻ֣


1345 ն̰
ķˣԼݵλʲôˣһ֣ǾɱУʩչЩʽĽ࣬˴ϣͬһʮ㣡
ӴҲԿԳϵĺޣ˺־磡
Ҳûϵ籩֮ͣٶҲǲڿռѷŰ֮ʱϾ͹׳˿ռ󣬸׳ż볬ϮұըЩռѷ쳶ø󣬶ըҲݺݵسϣûǿϳһĿĵ˿ڣڵԪҺһңҲޱȵؿ񱩣ȥġȭȻûн򡱸ơ
ͬʱÿռҡǿĿռû͸˺ųϵӣ³Ѫ
Ҫǳɫľ˽Ӵڻζ֮䣬ûܵռӰһ㣬ȴǿ÷ÿһεĻζʮεƵʲ
ųϵĮޱȣ͵ſ죬Ŀɭ䣬ۣȡǳǡʱն
ն󣬹˼壬ܽҲնɱ
ңϻ
ն𣬱бƥĽ֮ϮҪлû֣˲ǰץһ㶣һ
Ҳһ֮䣬֮˳Щ֮򵥣ѾܳܵļޣȻնɲֻн֮
ڽ֮͸˲䣬ǽ֮Ȼըˣը¡䣬ŵľԪϢԪϢˮԪϢһըѪɡ
ҡȴûᣬǴ䣬˭ɱ£ɱ
ӣѱȥעˣЦ˵ʩչôĹȻûͣţڡնУƣϾĻҲˣϴ˳ͻ
Ҳȣҿ˭ɱң˵ţԥҪ棬ɾʱԤ׵أֻ֣˿С
ֻǻұۣĪιǣһδãûˣŭӿͷģȴǿ־壻Ϣ俳ֱ۵ģôҲʦǰʵ˵޽ӽ񣬵ϾǵĹôܲ壿
Ҫɱ㣬øһǲң
Ѿ˻ͷϿգֽߣӰм䣬˾Ȼʧ˾ǰնȡûƣ
֮УǱϿоڽ֮Ĺ˷Ϯ䣬ЩȻǿ֮ڰ֮⣬ͱסЩ֮Ҳûбնն𣬶ڽӴһɲǣͱըˣըγɳӿ
ֱնɢɢĳȴˮһ㣬ֿߣըĳһٴγһһ͡
ɾעԷڳϣעųϵһһһϳִΣͻԥ֣ߵ£ҲΪţ۽ëȴǲһҡ
룬Ǿ仰󣬾Ѿҧ˳ǰ֮ڳѪ֮пҰرըռѷ촫ŰޱȣûбƵҲڳ˵ʱ˿̣ǳһУΣյʱ̣Բһ񣬾ͻǳ㣬䡣
Ҫģʱ䣬ֻҪһʱ䣬ܼȥƣǣһУǲһʱ䣬ѾҧľϿ񺰣𣿡
ŨޱȣֱŰƵȥģ磬ʱȣ˲ûоѹ̫
ǣϾ磬ʩչȻһ㶣ͬʱ֣һ㣬۾ܵľɫڣûбպϡ
һ㶣Գ˵൱ҪϿԳû£粼ǳ󣬱ͬл򣬱ʩչסȸڰתٱ磬һǡȭ¾
ʱԺ뵽ģȴǵһΣıĵһΣ˼תӰƶȵȻңǾԸ̰ɣ
̰ɡֵ𣬶ھ
ϣԸ˾Ķ


1346 Ҫ㣬Ҵ
磬þɴˣֻһ˲䣬˲֮󣬾ͻع񣬿ɸջ񣬾ִˣΪҪ̵ǸˣȻԶܵĶȥˣû䶯һ¡
㶵ģвնе㲻Ͼʲô⣬ȻоЩԾȴǿнָо϶һûᣬһ̲Ѫ⣡
֮žȳµľ䣬ɱӿ֣һǾһǾסղŻɹնɱǶԳ˵ԻĪóܵ𶯣˵»һ̣Ҳˣϧܣþܡ
иԭ񿴲͸ʵļʽҪϵԣҪնɱϣ͵Ҫµľһɱˣ
ɱĿ⣬˸Ĵӣ
俴ĿУҪ֣ȴӲֹסΪЩףΪʲôˣȻûзɣԷһԱߵ£۽ëҡԽˡ
Գ˵ĶӣȷʵҪðܴķգʲô˭ҲǱǶӵľƣʲôռնȵȣĶ˵Ҫȫһ㡣
ǣȡᡣ
Ͻֵռն֮ͬʱĴٴλ񣬿ʼԶĳϷ𹥻ƥܣʼʴų˺۵ӣʹһһӿײųϵĵ
ˣӴڼСɴ˶ѹ֮Ӻˣڴ֮ɴѹصɣǳ϶δĵزңžԽԽСɼѹ֮ԽԽǿѹ֮ԽǹܣҲǿϵϣꡱĹͷ졣
һ˫۾ѪۣɨھѰǣһɨȥûпѪڿ֮ڣѪѪⶼûС
ƫƫָоɢ
ۣ
ʹҪ̻ȥѪͷµеܵײ˳˿̣ѾǳǱˣڷɽһս϶δǱΪʱܹʩչʽӦԣڣе޴ĸол򣬼汦ʱ䶼ûУֻƴĵֿһֿҪˣˡ
ָо⣬ϵδ֣ɢİ͸˭ĺ壬ǰԽԽСĿռ䣬ϽŵӣȴǷǼѹ֮ǿ
Ҳһɣϵ߹ǣһ߸อܻ
һǵѪֿ죬ЦˣҪһսʱЦݣȵҪСƫԸҪ㣬Ҵ󣡡
ɭصϸѪٶ߹ǣλĴۣʮָȻ˾ӣ֪ɺιɣϵָҲֻһ磡
һ磡ˣ
ʱƺƵԪҺ͸ϵʮָӿȥľֱͻŪһ͡
һ֮䣬ĶһѾ͹ϲգŸ׺Ϸϲܲˣֻƴؽӿ롣
ܿ죬ոոԭһָ߸ߵعͣգǣÿ꣬ҪϢʱ䣬ֻͻͻĸߴһαһθߣͻķΧһαһο
ֲ֧š
ǱߣоǳϵĴԽԽΣգҪ֮û˶ɣĿס䣬ĵһϰˣֻҪϰῪǳϽ죬ˣ˭ҲȲˡ
˿ԶҪץһʱˣȻǵҲһ鷳ң⻹Σʱܷ
ôһ֮ȵ
ʦ𣬵ڡ
˴ն󡱣ǰһ֣˫ϥ£ߵڵأ˵ʦ𣬵Ӱ²ûܽնɱʦ
ȷʵ
Щ΢ɣȴûж룬һ£˵ң
ʦ𣿡
̧ͷһб£ֱԴ𾪣û˫ɵûԲ۾ʧ촽䶯Ϊʲô
Ҳδһ־ֱ뻪дʣ飬ȴתĳֹĹ
Խˣ󾪴󺧣


1347 ħ
նĹĴӻʣµԽӣղʦնÿԴһΧնֱֱۣܹԴˣôó
ԽҲǰ׳գóʦҪɱǻûɱ£ʦҪնɱ˼ͬʱ뵽Ѿɾ֮˵Ǿ仰Ͼģ
ӣ
Խԥش󺰳˿ʼƴӴܣ϶Խӵͬһ򣬲ȣֿӰҸʲô
ȻԽûзֿӣԾǸ϶ܣԽ˿Ѿٷֿȥӣһ˿һܵ飬һϴ³
ңԽԺлԼļƻҪܹ϶Ϊ϶ֻҪʦͿԳûѣ˵ȷֿӵЧҪã
ڲӣˣ
Ǳ˶˸ƴܣǣִѵˣڹµնУ
䣬ǿ񱼵ӣȻƵ˻˷غпУƴؽУްĺһ߹һȴһҲûˣغˣԽԽ
˿̣֣Ȼڻĵ棬ϣɢ˵Ĺ⻪ɫ䵭ȴһҲ
ƴӵԽѾصԭվǰȻ󿴵ǴӣѾɿˣһѪɫûⶼûˣֻʣһŲ㱡ƤĹͷӣ
˿״θֱӿˣţԽȴǹ˵ϣʦʲôûпĹҪʲôˣҿ԰ȥץ
Խ㲻ɱ𣿡
ô֪
Ҫǲ֪ѾЩһˡ
ԽɫҰףȴʼղЩ˵ıʦô֪ģʱѾ˲ãͣؿͷģҲֻԽ˵°ʵԸǲӦøл£ȥˣõˣ˾עˡ
ʦҡ
һѪ⣬еΪл¾͹ˡ
Խˣ϶һۣûд˲ԼͬسˣֺɱУ˵Ŀ꣺ԴࣻԽҲǱƵûа취ˣٲ֣ԴˣʱҲˣǵȥԸϣǷԸǣ
ǾȻ߱ʦһ£¸ûˣ˵Ĺ벻⣬Ƕǹ½̳ģô˵˹·ֺ
£ǰŰڳϵĽ֮죬ֱ۾٣ҲǱ˿ȥȻڰ֮ãһӣڵһҲˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱǣ
ԽһȻִŵûлشȴ˵ʵǺܲϾ֮⣬¸õرǻ磬ɵڻûͻ֮ҪǶͻ񣬹½ΪѪˣ¾ԼĽԣΪܳ嵽۷壬֪ʲô֮Ϊ˵죬߾磻ϧˣˣֻʣǼˣùµļƻ۷徳磬ٲܴﵽˣϧϧܲ˵ģɱ˳ϣ׾پصԭ֮·ϣߣһˣ
һԽ˾һֲƵģֻǣֲ·ǵϣԭǴӳΪͽǵ˾עˣעҪԼʦԵ
ˣҲһ׹ˣûر¶ǵ֮֮ˡ
˵һ֣ĹͷӺȻըѣֻ֣϶ĵץסǵĵ϶ĵӼٿήԽҵزͣغšʱԽ֮ǰ޲ýҵĳ
նУûĻҲûܹȵ㣬ٵȵȰɣܿˣʵ»Ƕõģôʱ䡣
ʱѾȫ˶ħ˲¹ͷĶħ
ͬһʱ䣬ϮĳҲԽԽͣͬκײ°㣬Ǿһߵ£۽ëҲٲҡ飬ȴ㡣
˿̣ĳϣӵˣܶطɭɭ׹ǣЦݣȴԽԽʢΪıˡ
ƴǹȴôҲĲ


1348 󣬱
ȷʵ˳ϸǿ˺ܶ࣬ԳϵĹҲӵͣܵˣҲԽأǣֻʺھܹܵסǿ͵
ǣܲסˣǾǾ翪ʼһ̣ͬ˳ԷһθٴܳһͰͰͰ֮ٳԣǾͲӣҲܣʹ࣬Ҫʹࣻʹǰŵͷצȵɽ亣ζѾԳŵ˵ҲǶҩǾ綾
ʱ˿̵ľڳԳŵʱ̣ˣϧȫɲԴԴϵʹӿڣǸͻķΧѾӶӴӵ
оܣǳܣȴûбİ취ǲͣǺȥıģٵ̫ˣؼǣҪԳϱֹ֮£ĹҲˡ
ϢϢأҲо˾Ĳǣڵڳ˵Ĺؼʱ̣ﻹܷ棻ҲǼӿ˳˵ٶȣţһҪ嵽һҪȻֹܽǸС£һϱزܻ
ųϣԺͻһ˵ϵǿԳΪߣɱߣٻһߣ߱߸ã˵пܳ嵽۷أһҪ
ϲ֪ԼѾ񿴳ʳţҴٴһ㣡
Ȼһ֮Ǵɣ
󣡡
ɱɣ
󣡡
оɡ
ڳϵһУһٴ󣬾ɡʮɡʮɣ׳Ǿ˺ʱĳϣܵĹԽԽ΢תȫ޲ųϵӡ
ͬʱԽҲԾˣϵĹ⻪ҫۣ񽫹⻪ȥһնȴǷŽ֮Ľ֮񱾾ˮй˽𣬽ˮǴﵽɣϧҪǰչµļƻҪǿϰٱֹ
˽֮Ϊͻ˵񣬽ֻ֮ǸոţԶԶûдﵽ۷֮
ˣټնɱ㹻ˡ
˵ţ˶ȥĿǲֱĳ˳ԽԽߣһֱ䣬仹δԽԽľ¶Цݣ˵Ҿ˵ٵˣô׾أ
˵֮󣬾ſǳúøߺøߵˣҪˣ̫ˣԸֶ˳嵽ͷϿա
Ϣ󣬳ϴȣٸҴ󣡡
ʱʮɣͬһ˲䣬ǰǳ֮ˣʼˣͷһ㣬˵ͷʱնд֣ɱ
ȳ֮ʱͷȻ£ݺݵ䣬ͷ䵽ͷ֮ʱҵ÷һ㣬ĴȥҲ令ס˿
ͷ£ѾΪǿġ򡱣䶢š򡱣һЦڡҪʱնУͻһֱϮ䵤֮󣬻һӰǼ
ٳ֮ʣתһľͷ㣬нȴ֣ҾͷŹ
֣˭֣ʲô֣ҪŹ˭򡱵ҲЩɶգͷԣߵ£ȴ˵ӣ˫۾סģȴǾ䡣
˲䣬ӰѪȾѣ˲䴵ճͻ۳һɣֻȴ˴ս٣ս棬ɱɱ֮
ϲȻһн񣬿ǽߣûзͻȻ֮£첻ʲôˣҲܹһ⣬һ㶣һ㶵ʱ䣬˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ңµԱһ˾Ҳԣ񽿺ȵɨģ
ײ˳ȥɵĶȴǾ䣬Ǽ
飡
뼫̫࣬Ȼ˲˼ȴҲüӰһͣȴǿѪ㵽»Ҫеȴֹ˵ûʧղҪǹңѾһѪˣպĵӣȳ߳Ҫ㴵ࡣ
ȻҲΪǳϵŮˣҲѹ־ᣬЩȫҲŽ»ס
˵֮䣬佣֣նɨĵķ
ȴŭ𣺡£ұ


1349 ䷢
£ұ
û£ȻޱȣŬԼվֱֱ԰ϸЦ⣬صʲô¥֮Ͳκιϵңһֱֻǽҵɿ԰֯ȡĹ߶ѡ
ˣ㲻ҳ֣һĳһѣڣϿ϶ˣһ֮󣬼壬ڡնлص
ЦˣΪߣҲǰ׳գ˵Ϊɱ˴𣿡
˵úã㻹شԵˣЦ񣬷һнʥҴ۽˰
Сӣһÿ
ļɷѾ䵽ǰġҲȻ£ڶԾ˵Ҫ뿪ҿԼ̣ܰɱ˳ϣǾ㡭

ȼ˵ȥ̶ִıȴǾñֱһǼɷնˣɾ䣬ˮ˵Ҫ𣿡
ɵˣ֪ЩЦޱȣޱȣȻ˵ˣʱ򵥵ķõģĿģֻԴ˼ŭ䣬þģǿ֮սһηģԵĽ
ʵϣɹˣɹؼŭ˾䣬ȴûϵһնļɷ˵ɨġܾˣͼɷǿǳǿķһն飬⾿
ڼɵ֮УȻ֣һֽͬȥģ£Ҳд㣬ǿҪչһŮӣʵ˵ôҲһɡ
ϧˣٽնɱӿ֣Ȼ޿ռѷ죬޽磬еģôһնȥ
򡱻٣ٵøɸɾ
תͷٶż˵Ҫң𣿡
ҡ
ŭֱ죬һűׯֱŤòӣתһضľԽԽ󣬻³ѪȾڶľ֮ϣȣҷҸƴˡ
仰һ˲䣬ӦǼɱ䣬ǣǣƴɱܣ
񲻸ٴȥûгǰǿҲǵסʱӣʱ
ӵ𣿡
ǻһȴοԼնУҺԶмѾ˲󷨣նҵġ
ο֮͵ֱֹۣͣѪɢڿգ˵ӣһնͷ̵ֶ֮ĻüסӣҶģתӣǡն󡱣֮󷨣ȫն顣
񲻸ǰ£˵Ķ֣ȻҲǣΪ֪ôݱӣ뼫ãնɱϣӵһʧļƻȴԼƻ˾ء
˼㵹ĸõӡЦ˵ɫδ䣬ͻʵͲǴ
ĿһӱûӷΪĸоӲԾˣ뵽δͻضԾ˵֪𣿡
֪
֮¡طܹռӣʵһ¥˵ţ²ɽ¾ʹӦ䵭˵Ҿϲӡ
ʹз磬طһУģֻҪɱ˳ϣһ·Ҿͽط㣡
ţˣ˵գϧô˶󣬾ЦȻ֪һУǾ͸Ĳˡ
㲻øǿ㲻롭
ţһնʱϵӾڴ䣬ҵģҴӦսҪϹ£Եġ
յ
ｽͬնһһɭɭ˿ڣüģһֱУѪɽһҽУ̶Լû֮£ʧ̬û
ûǳϵ˿ɲáתѾӽʮɵľ˵ŰɣϾҪˡ
ҡڵøˣɶȴԽԽأϵƣȴԼٶȻָţԪҺ͵سڡ
ϵЦݣԽʢôоΣ
Ϣ󣬳Х죬ұ


1350 ҪǸ
ұ
ʮɵľ֮ڳϵĺУȻըˣ񻨰һһһը٣ϵӳ

ƲסһҽУͲһ̲Ѫû뵽ľͬʱԾغǾסܾȥ֮䣬ŲִֶΣֻϧһжãըˣظըˡ
ըģǾС򡱣Сն󡱣ն󡱱һ֮ҲǰǰȻһ壬žըѣáնѩϼ˪վУЩ֮಻ޣҴ붼䲻ǰһף֧ˡ
ǿռѷ죬Ǳü󣬲ϵĿռûл٣ֵס˾󲿷ֵĿռ֮ˣԳ˵Σ
ͻأӼ֮еһץסû֮࣬ȴôǿԭ֮⣬ΨһûըѵĽɫӣǹؼ
Զ񿴵ץסɫӣȭͷյýȥȴһԵЦŵľ䣬ûĴǽ´ԣֻܿš
ŽɫӶ꣬ӦüôɣץסɫӺԶѾˡ
תȥ֮䣬˾ǰϵ˵лˡ
ǲǾǷһ飿ҲǷǳοЦ
ҡҡͷ㶣ЦǷһôҴӦ㣬ȥһˣ塭
壬ұ֤
æ˵ϼ˵õһʱ䣬ұҪؼһˣܸߣ
ã
Ҳ˵ؼʱǹִһ˭Ҫ˭ļʽԣûвȡǿӲĴʩرǾһЩ֮
ȻԾй²⣬Ҳǲ²⣬ڵĹҪȥһ֪֪ģǾĿģûĿģ䲻ǧţܶôã˼ĿģΪҲҪȥһˣΪϽǷ˾һľ֮飻ûо䣬뼫ַɱˮףҲӲһ
˰˵Щ󣬲תӣЦڣ˵˵֮ˣϲҴأԸǡ
СӣҵĶѵղŲˣ˳ϵĻԼֱŭӶӰжϣҪ侲ֻ֣ҪųϣϾһ仰˵㹻ŭˡ
һȻˣǲҲҪԼԼøǿԺ󣬾ٷֹ¡
ͷȴһˣ£˼Գ˵㲻ϲҺҴ𣿡
ģҪӮңͷһαüأ
𣿡
ģȻҪģӮˣΪʲô𣿡

ĿǵѪߣȳ֮ʱٴμ򡱣һǡȭȴûдơ򡱣Ҳûס򡱵£ʣӮ𣿡
ң
ЦôѧĸأϺں򡱽֣˵껰֮󣬾ֱץһѡ顱̷ȥ顱ƼӲһ븹㻯Һ壬ҺѸӿȥ
ʱӰҲڡУһ֣ɶޣɱϣȻطոս񣬿ʵ֮ǰȷʵ˲٣һ£˵ҵġУ㻹ʹ

һ˦֣˶ԷֱըʩչĴƣ㶣˫һӣתˮֹڳ֮ȻԾգһһĴƣϵԴȥ
йĹƣʮֱκδϢֻ֮һЦסˮ൲Ӹšתһһѵġ顱˶
顱࣬رǶԳǿ˵һŶһǧǣġ顱һСɽ
Ҳо˳ɢǹɫ޵ȥ㸶شĴۣ
ţתŵĳϣͻʵϹ˵ЩҪǸһ


1351 ս
ҪǸ
ţ۾ֱ㶵ضЦĳϣԺĻ棬ȴͻضųһ𣬡ЩҼģ㲻
ǽһնֻǵһЦˮ꣬һָתָ죬ȵ󣬸Ҹ
£Щתŵ״Ͽոȥ˫âоɽôܣ
𡪡
ƴȥ䣡䣡䣡У֮򷢻ӵ쾡£š½
ЦŨ䡱ʱͽս࣬ǰսһͬǣĽ࣬ҿ٣˿ͣϢϵս࣬ΪӪ
ԸȥһҾ˵ҵĵ̣ôܳ֡ɵΪֹȥȻˣһɸߡ
ҾͲţ䣡
񲻽ȫ֮ȫ֮ԣˮ֮Ҳһʵˮ֮ƣˮˣҪ֮ǹ֮ƴȫϧЧȴ΢֮΢
ôʩչҵĿƣһԸ֮£͸ġѣ֪˿̣ƴɱģǳϣ϶͸ˮꡣ
ˮǰЩ죬׾ٽʩչˮ֮ˣˮ겢ûбֵ÷ǳǿƣ֪ʵǹĥš
ϴ˿̻˲ô࣬벻ͣš顱һǧһǧţӽڱԵҪ³ѪƴҲҪ򡱰¡
ͻأһݣԺֳ︡ˮܡ֣ٿǰʱϸʱ³ܸһϣʵϣȷʵˡ
ʱһɱ亮ӿȫҲѣҷֵ磬Ҫƽȥҵģһƣ
Уȡһѡ顱ЦϹȻļҪ䣬Ҿͳ֮Ը
˵֮ʱˮ겻ʩչͬʱ򡱣һʧӿˮԹġ򡱣񽵡
ͷųɲǼ򵥵ı屶ٱٱš³һʱ죬ʵ۷֮ʱһ˵㲻ʲôǣ֮£Ѫˡ
ضԳ˵ҲĵˣʹֶΣֻҪɱУʵҲá򡱻ָϧ˿̵
ɱңɱ𣿡
һʣסȷʵɱϣýֺͷ뵽ֻҪɱ˳ϣǸ񣬿϶һ룡
ٴθ̾̾˸İ֣˵ɱ㣬ҲҪܣſڵϣ䣡
𣿡һҲޣһʲôиĸо£ʱ帡ȥϸˮ괫ʶҪû
ûС򡱣ûв֮ʣһ򡱶ʱֱûȻڱԼˣҲŪ˸ʮǱûлصù񣬡ȥе񣬻ȥ
Ƿɿظ𣬷ɿسһ븡һ︡Ǵ򡱱˸һͿǰʩչתҲƾŭ죬ȴͣԼܺһʱ֮Ҫ򵹣ֻҪ򵹣ʲôûˡ
ûáɢȥű֮󣬡ϬĹʽɢлᣬҪɢˣӮĻʹ󽵵͡
Ǻȫйȫ֮ˮ֮۳ܣͻرн֮۳ɽȴûɱϣҪȫһ书һۣ
뷨ܿ챻֪һЦҾٳȫһΡ켴򡱴Ӿҵĸƽ뷨ʵ֣еЦ⣬һŨ
Ӻ󣬡еˮ򣬻˫Ծ̧ͷβȵĸûˣɣ
Ż£˫֮䣬ֳһ
ЦͻȻʧһʲôо


1352 ս
˵ĻԥطܣҼġ򡯣㣻۳˫㣻ôܻٵõôپͻ٣
ðɣǾͲˡ
ʼ磬۳ĹˮؾֹˣٰͷҲҡβ֮УָŹˮȵ֮壬Ҷ
һˮȻͶˮԾһȴǽţôɿɿ
һΣ壬ûˣˮý·ǹˮ۵ģȫһ㣬ǣ־Ļڴˣоڵˮ֮ˮӿȥˮһתڵˮ֮Ҫʧһ֡
Ϊʲô
ųڳѰҴ𰸣ǣ񿴵ģֻһںЦ⣬һһ顱ĺģ
Ҳ𰸣һģһȭĹˮȥһңˮûаļ󣬷Լо͸ˮݽѪ֮ˣڵԽԽɳȴֻһȭûг̡֣顱˵ϼ仰
⣬ܵȵѾϵ򡱸Χһ۵ļҲΧм䣬ѾƲòڳϣĳڳϣ̬仯֮£һ֯ˣˡоɱ󡱣Աʱȡá
佫ÿһϸڣݣϾٴսȻսʶÿһõģֵƣ
ȵͬʱǻϲԽǿԽã仹Ķ֣ԺҪдд裡һڿǳĸоҲҿһ
䱻նһֱֻۣȴҲܿڷһĻĻɴ˸սָѾоһӡй¶
ڣ񽫹ֵˮȻˮǣҲùˮް취˿һԸĸоȥɢѹԽԽʴģһ˼¶ģȵȻܴ㣬Ҿͻһ򡯸ұ
ȻУ϶ܵǣȻ򡱣ϼˣһУԴбֵõģ
˵׼ǣڹϷŪһȻ˵Ļᶼ򡱾Ȼûʹбը
ұ
Ǻ޷Ӧ
񷢿شţһġ֮УԼˣǡԾ˿ֱļޡ
⵽ôˣ
Ȼ֪һжˮĹͣˮ϶ȹٿԺٻ֮һˮ֮ˣţͨˮ֮򣬽򡱸ס
ˮǿ϶ЩԾǵѪ˭Ѫ֮ǰ˶ѪϵѪǲǿԴеóһʲô
ţѾоˮˮ֮֮Щǿ󣬺ܿ죬Ͻɾ£ܻд𰸵ģȻˮôǿҴˮ֮򣬾Ͳõˡ
˼һٴһѡ顱ڵġ顱ѾﲻһһǧˣڳϿ̶֮󣬼һٽ
һѣûټȥ֪ȥĽǼʮʮһ߲ӣҪٷãֻܽˡ
˿̣ϵŰٰʮͻһǧʮһǧֽһµķˮ룬Ͼȭ˵Ϲսɣһж
üš֣ҪĲʤ
˲üͷչĿǰľòˣҪȥذɣսԸ
ã
Ӧһƣ¾ѪڿգеΪǱҪҸ㣬ƣ
ƣ񶼻ûȫѧƷȻޱȣҲĴۣΪ䣬ˣǰ
Ҳǰδʩչԭ򣻲ʱ˿̣ٹ˲ˡ
ûʩչֻǽǾŰٰʮѹ˶ʮ岨ֲѹϵĹͷִǿϵ˿֧˳ȴδХȭ

۾Ѫ졭


1353 ʵֳŵ뷨
ѹȭ
Ȼƥԡ𡱵ķʽХӦѹܣȭɨǰȴ谭ǡ֮ƱŤ·ס˺һ㣬ã˳ã˵ܡ
ȭܽں
ѵˣԼ۳Ʋ𣿡ʳǰСС谭ܵסǰ·䣬𵴳ȥĲͻסǧ֮һϢ䣬沨صʮأ𶯳΢ȴ̶ޱȵһˡ죡
켴ǹŤֱ֮ԭλصԭλһɲǣޣ
ƵġޣͬſʧܵբţкǧҲ֮أȭͷһǰܣѱȥ˺ٶȣȴϲϳ׷ٶȣΪ֡
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ϵȭͷѾϣꡱһ˿ֱ飬ۿѺѾӱ۰ӵĲӣмǵҲ˽ϵȭͷذıͣ
ȭֹգղŻӿŵĻܣȻʧøɸɾһ˿棬ÿ£Ҳһ˲䣬񱻺ѪҺֹͣ
𣿡
ʵԱΣŵ񣬲ص˵ͷ
Ϊֻ˲û뵽Ҳ˵ţȴͻΨһֻ֣ץϵĲӣ۾ĺݹ⣬ɾҪץסɲǣϺȳһ֣𣡡
ʱֱ۱Ѫ㣬ĵܵһɺƥ֮ҪԱϵޣҲԱá
зȭһֱδȥһֱھۼţϵȭͷûлȥ񻯳һ̲Ѫ⣬սˡ
£ȭ߽ţߵǰϲеϴٽĻ𣬿һ
һЦһƻȥ̽ȫΧ֮͸ÿһϸȻ󣬳˿ռ󣬽й꣬ڳű֮ץסһӣ˵Ӧöã
꿴ӣһſϲмѣллˣһΪɨǰ·ϵϰ߸мţ۾ᶨһҪԼ
ۣ̺ѣһɹʵ֪Ҫ߳ٱ֮ǰĿһǿ͹ˣô֮ţֻҪˣжѣܹʵ֣ͱŵһӡ
ӣ۳ˡ
꣬꽫һ˽ȥĿߵǰ˿̻ڻһսڵĳ˵ΪȷʵȽǿǿֻ࣬һս˭˭ɲΪ߾͹ˣĻҲƴɱˣֱһȣˣǻۡıսʽڴȵȣȫʵһ֣һսУǱıԣһһˣоĵȵȣһߣϵڿ֮£Ȼһˡ
ʼͻȥóơпһƴϧȥ̫ˡԳ˵֪еġ
һľսŲˡ˵ҲʵһЦֻһӶѡ˵ָ꣬ż˵Ůˣ׼ôã
ųϵĿ⣬¶˾ɫа󣬺ϷŹҡͷ˵ҵ֣ȻҪ۵ģ
ҽԼеĹȫ£ֻҪҪʲôҶȥڣתͷ£˵һȫƾ
Ҳûƴǣµõ棬򣬼Щ¶ôãʱ˵ˣҿɳеȫѰ򡣡
ֻҪɱˣɳ綼Ϊ콫һ֡ţﻹΪ룬Ҫ±ǿ˹֮⣬Ϊʵȵȡ
͵뵽ˡ뵽ͼڴ½ľ죬Ժ︡һ뷨Ԫڤ٣Ϊܹȵȵ󷨣ǽһΪڣٷ䲻յĲ֣
һ뵽⣬Ͼ쳣ؼһ£Ͼѵã϶Լ˵һҪһ£


1354 ϣս
һ£ʲô£ɲųϻ׷ŹԣΪȷԼ˵ֻҪҵԴֽŵ岿λҵΪȽͣҡ
ټ죬תۼ˵˺ЩܡþȵĿⶢż˵ˣֻ֪ͨ㣬ף
ҡ
񾪻ţѾԪڤٲ˼Ľ֮ϣأҪԪڤٸ飬׼ʱִ˳ֻҪһ£ǶͷˣҾžۣ
񡭡̧ͷԶԶѾĵزҽӺﲻͣ˿ʹУʶǣȴû˷֮Ϊľѱþ飬ǿݽߣ֮£ֻ⡣
״һͲѵҪٶˣٶҾͲˡϵ£תȫֹ
ϣ
˵֮Ԫڤֽ²ססȴûзŹӲẦϻǲģϾ飬һ³ʲô£ǿǴĲˣֶԾ˵䣬ҿһ㡣
İɣˡ
ǳţϵͷΪʼܵԪڤ֮ϣǺһ֣ȻԾȴûҶΪֱӿΪɽڣͬʱѾɲԽӦΪ
ȻĹǳ󣬲ѶȲСǣйһξ飬ϵҲɣΪµһ˲䣬һ˫оԼϵһУȫ֪ʲô͡
ֱԾ͸ң
ϵᴫصص˵ͷǻϲ֮ɫʱɿţҲˣΪΪڲͣؽҽȥٶȣԽԽ죬һ£ڵٶȽȥҪ˰ʱͲǵˡ
ԹϢΪ½ٶȽˣޣ⣬ȴһΪܹӹһ٣Ǻӵϡ
УǺɫѹ£һּΪ֮Уر뵽ǿֲĺһľս
ʱѾȫܵĸôֵǣܲûǰ˻һˬоʹ࣬ϴѣ߷ֲģȥһ񣬾˵ͷȴûг֣ǶܣĿʡ
𡪡
ܴһóϸĹڿкһҪʩԮ֣ܰȴ˵Ҫ
Ҳ׾㲻ٳֻ֣ǽŵؿţأǷܵĹӣģ̺ʲôѹĺɫҲܴɢ
֮⣬ɢϢԽԽŨҪͻƾһüͷһ֮ǰһۼⲻԶ
ֹ֣סܣս˵ս˵Ǿܷӳս
һսʮʱʮʱ֮ܵƣ£ס֣˵Ӧòˡ˵꣬ܵҪµȥ
Ҫŵصһ˲䣬ܵӣ͵ԾڿУһԾһϿյĺɫɫȻ˵øɸɾϱǹϢǶƵȥܵӣëȥͷķ仯һǿܵĹâס
ʼһܿܵòɼӺ˾ֻһɫĹâȻҪ˾䣬ڳϣרעڲµ
ﶼһ룬Ҫ𣿡
һʱգ۶ϢɢâɴҼģȴһֻܣһˣһߴĺӣ
ˡҲΪϲĵ߾ۼģǲһЦЦ֤˴ҵĲ²ȷģϸϸһԼӣͻתͷԷ˵үүһܣ
ܹܵĥôһ˵вһţȴŹӣ˹һǰæ൲һռȻǰ󾪡
ˣٷȷʵˣŲʵ
ͬһ˲䣬Цˡ


1355 ң·
һϵΪʱ򣬼Ϊ÷ǳûȥ⣬һֱܣܻɸߴӣоޱŨҪսܽףܵĽ;ˣ
֮ܳ󣬾ͽˡսŵķΪֽոսףʵͱһҪǿȥ
Ĳ
Ѿȫõ񣬾벻ڳԼĵӽ֮ԼҲ˸˳ԵΪ˼ҽ׵Ķ
Ȼǳߣ㱻֮
ܻսעѾ䵽˳ϣϵЦݣǹɲˣһȦȷʵû뵽ĲΪٶȣôʱȻڵ񾳽硭
ţϺ̧ͷЦݺøãֻǼȴð亹һ̣һͷ㷢ֱŵôȴһҲ
ܽһʱ䣬Ѿµڲ֮ǰΪҲǳϿƵԭڲͣ飬൱ڴͨ
һ̣ȫͨ
Ϊ˲ӵ֮ͽޣŵ÷һ֮УΪ񾳣̶ǴԲʥ߽ʥȵȣһ·ȥ
ͬʱµΪнʥ˴ԲʥżΪĸߣһͻ񾳣ҲûпܣǣϺݺݸѹˡ
ȵİǶ˵Ͳʲô¶ǴкˣͻƣԼۣԼܱȽϺãԺߵøԶ
˵µΪûͻ񾳣ǣڴȴǱ۷徳Ҫֻ࣬óϸպ
㡭
Ѿн۵ļ˵һֻ֣ǣҲ˵ȥǼ˵Ǽû˵ȥˣȱʧѾ˼¡
ΪȱʧˣݣҲƣǳڶŭҲûĹ룬ȥңɫ٣ڷ׷
ȴǼҲˣЩȻǽ뵽µڣңûиڽÿһϸ֮С
ż񣬡ǲͣ£
ͣ
ѵ˵һ֣ϵͣˣΪѾһʣǳʣȥ˵Ҳûжô
󣬳££⣿
⣬һԱĳ嶯ôĺô⣬ǻʲôģ´лæ˵ллӣΪ
ֹ¼˵ȥ˵ҵˣȻί
Уϵı飬͸ŨŨĸмҸĸоǰĵεΣһ˲֮䣬ĳ־ԸΪ˳϶
Ͷ֮֮ҵ뷨ǲ֪Լ˵²ٹ㣬ҲɱҵĴٸһᣬңΣ
ûеܾʵҽֻһʣ㻹ã
ʣȻҲٴγΪ񣬲ң˵һջܹߵøԶϵڼʵȻ󲨡
Ϊվϴ۷֮һµʲôʧȥվ۷ʸʧȥΪҲΪʲô֮ǰ˵ôࡰܡԭ
ܹһָ񣿡
ң·
һҲǣֻ˼£˵ãҳ㣬ԺҵĴˡһͽ̬ŵúܵͣղŴϣϵõĽۣ
һЦƺ˼ʲô⣬û⣬ֻ˵ңҪһξѪҪҪ֤Ǹ²⡣
һ㶣켴׳һξѪֻʵΪ뷴ҲܣȻܷȻ⳼Ǿʹʹһ㡣
ϽӹѪתˡڵĳϿһʣӡһ£϶еļ˵ȥܹܿص񡣡
ʻһ飬˵仰𾪣ԺǸӡµĻҪŨת˵úᣬȹһ¡

µҪжᡣ
ǱߣսѾĻȫܵĶ֣ܵһͿȴû֮ǰô˷ܣüͷ
˵ҪΪս㻹һ㶫һǳҪʧĶȺú룬ȻԵԻף


1356 ռѭΣһͷ
뼫飬ϲûĽȥй࣬óǰɱԼǰѪɫ̽
̽ǰѶ̽Ѫһ˿޴棬Ѫʧ֮⣬ģһ㶼û𻵣ףѶ̽Ѿٸǰ֮
Ǵģ
Ǭޣ
Ͼ׽֣ԡǬ֣֡ǳУûǴöԪָ˵ȫԪָĥ͸ܹǬڵ֮أȻʦ֪֮ʦ϶ҲصǬڵ֮ȥƣԣϻŬȥҳһ£һ£񣬳ϲֻ˻Ԫָĵһţ
ϲŹκһ˿˿Ļᡣ
Ǭھһɣʦ˵һ֮أֻǰΪǬڱضڼ磬ôط˻ɣǬڵ֮أڼ磬пܲ½ȻĻɺɡ
׽һ󣬳ʵѪɫ̽ǴӺζģ
֮µõġ
£˵˵
ϱһŵĵӣײʦͬʦܵĺ£ʦָµı߹£ȻǶһ£ѲһɱѪɫ̽Ȼ󣬾ǿޣһ𣬱Źʣӣɾ˽յĶࡣ
ô˵ҲǺͷˣ
˵ͷϵĮ飬뵽̳ܽ˵Ļ棬вѣæֽʹѪɫ֮̽˵˳
ŶֵĺԤףʵɱأûз𣬲һæ˳һƣĴɱ֮ûʲôȤǺܵġռѭΡ˳ϵע
ûȥӵʱ䷭꣬дϲռѭΡҪģܹΪȵȾͲ˵ˣҪǣռѭΡС¡ĹܣĲѭȥҲ֮ǰûвǱߵԭ
ҪǣռѭΡҪµĻһĿռѷ췶Χڶ԰ȻѭҪǣԳ˵ҪɡռѭΡͨͨˡ
ռѭߡҡֱϾ߽ǡЦݸʢˣȴǲøˣΪǰЦݣ񣬳Ϊܵĸ֮Ҷ౾Ϊͽ˲١
ϼ״ûѪĶ̽˶࣬˵ţд󹦣ԣ㲻˵꣬ľѪ೤һΪŶҡ
ˮڵǵѪŴˮһսĴ󹦣ܹս࣬ˮӹΰϣһֱܹúõġ
󣬳ϵĿɵϣʵ֡
ɵһ㶣˲׳صɵ˵͸оʹǷæ˵ĽɵһƺŽв֣͵š
仰˵ǼʹʧɵȴðŴ󺹣˵֣˼͵ʲô
ͷ
ͷʣȡĿͷɵ㶣뵽Ŀ飬ϾȻĿͷ飡
֪ͷ
ϵȸղѪɫ̽Ҫ࣬ׯأɵæҡҡͷˣҲ֪
ΪʲôҪ͵
ΪҿʦҲһͷʦǿͷޱȣȳķҪٱʦܹλǼͷܲɷ֡˵꣬ɵ˵Ҳʦ֪ͷ
ͷٱ
֪ɵ仰˵֮պضȥһ˴ˣЩͷҲгŵ˿̣Ĳ⣬Ǹо֮У̤ǸԽԽͼڴ½Уϲ֪ͼڴ½ˣǸϲˣûзͼڴ½˾䡣
ˣˮͣԺҪһˣǾ˳ȥ͵תһȦɡ˿ӵ꣬Сţк̣ǰĽء
Ǹȥһǿǳˡ
һ·ϣٶҲ죬ˮųˮ֮ӣ˵֪һУʶϵֶ֮ز˼ʵʵ˵˳ˡ
ͬʱңԶʮ½ϣһ˵ţļˣûʲô˼°ӵæ׼ײߣȴ绪ӵ⡣
ͻأ˵ӣ뿪ʮ½ȥ½棿
ãӴϲȥĸ½أ
Щ˸Ͻ˵һ֣ӶûȤ͵أԺ︡ˡͼڴ½ĸ֣Ȼһαõļ両ͷ


1357 Ѩ¡
˽£һ˵ִĽ֮⣬Ḷ̌ΧųϵĺѲӣ˵źӦþۼһƱ˲Ŷԡ
ǣһ˶ûС
˽Ŀ⿴ˮ֮ĳϣϽйڻ˵ȥһ¡
ǣˡ
ڻһսǴгη壬رǻűĻ棬ڻĥӡˣڻβһغˡˡ֣гģǿڻѩǡ˫ͷǡ
ʱ֮󣬿ڻˣÿʮʱһӵʧʱ䣬Ǿͳû˽ȥʱͻʧˡ
ϲûΪʧˣüֺʶĸоԽԽŨʧһӣͺǺ˷Žȥһ
Ȼ˼Ͽ˵׼ãʱ֮󣬽ȥ˵ͷȥ֮ˣţøŴˣȻˡ
Ȼȫǿžӵ꣬ʮֵĻɵǰ˵ˣҴͷɣȻĹĹȻĴԸԼ֮
һۿ룬ȻûȥԣĿˮ֮ڳϴˮ֮Ѿ˵۷֮ˮ֮еÿһ˿仯
ͬʱصĻ֮󣬳ϱȡɳ̣šռѭΡľͨ˵ǳҪ⣬ϻϵõ˹ѪѭĹ
Ѫѭ֮ޱȣÿһѪѭҪĴۣԲСˡʧȵȣϽѪѭ֮סԱ㲻ʱ֮裬ϾʵЩ졣
俴ųϲ˷һ˿һʱ䣬Գӵʵ˸ӳֵʶڣҪûʵǲ
ʱ֮󣬺Ȼɢȥһ̤˽ȥûкӴܣѰһ֮Ľ⣬ڻǻ̽̽飬Ľ֮ڣǾȫˣЩ߽ŵӣԳУȴһ⣬Ǻ޲һ·սȥ
棬Ĺɣ棬ȴ˿֪汦ֵܲܵסҲûģܿ죬ǾҵһȻģΪεĶѨβǵľ飬һѨѾܹԶܺ
Ȼȳ߽ȥȴǳһΪѨ棬ż߹ͷӣͷɸɾģûһѪ棬ָ֮ϣŽָ
϶ǸϽҵ̡Ⱥ˵üͷֱЩͷǺɵģ¹ͷ𣿡
ɵµĵڣѾȫڳһ֮ʵһ󹦵˼ҪԹɣΪ͵ŵľӢӣƱܲ⣿
ЩָһǱһ֮
ԣɵӰһ֡Ǵָȥܹڴָ͵Ĺ˵ȡϵĶǾֵ顣
ɾɵָһɲǣѨй⻪һѨԶˣ˺ƱУɵץָ֣ͷƸץƾɵôҲѲˡ
ˣҡ
ɵ뵽˳ϣţ֮УǾž߹ͷӶƶ֮䣬ꡱڶѨ𵴣̶ޱȡ
㣿͵ϷĶȫҪܵͷǶԹ˲Ͼ˭㣿һɭӵص״һӰڳ˵ǰӰʵʵĺΧš
͵Ķǿû͵˵ǺӰЦһģ͵൱һ͵ˣԣ˭ҲӲͷ
ϻʲôȸүүսһ˵ܺţٹңӰЦôһʵ͸Ϸǰ
˵ţӰһֻ֣ץסܵĹǹȻʴˣ˿֮ݶûУȳ֣Ӱȥ
ӱܱӰ㶣ŭȣŭϷˣǽµͿԹģڣǾȻϷһϷҪȫʬ
仰˲סЦ˵Ǹģ

ӰһɫҲޣúըܸΧס߰׹Ƿܽսһ߰׹ʵһҲÿһ߶൱ʵ
ԳҪֹ֣סóĿͷźӰ˵ĿͷҲģ


1358 ˭˭У
ӰĿͷؾֹˣڻ䣬˼Ҳûȥ͵˼ŵŷӵӣӰͻشϷųˣͷǹš
˵Ӱ͵ػ񣬲ټ˵תĿͷϷģϷģԹ׳Ϸȫʬ
Ŀͷ˼ˣϵ˵ȴţ֪ͷˡͬʱȡǿ۾ӣ˵ӣģ
һģϷġ
üëһ£ĥźӰ˵һġ֣۾ͷһأ˵ȫ˼ϵУȡ˰˸Ц˸ӣҲģ
ӰһĬκ˵ŲϷģǵĶȫóǳͷ䱦ʥͳͳϷ򽻳
ʥҲŹ
ӣЩˣܲôһ壬ܸʴˣôҲһˣȻǸˣһʥõں𣿹ƾǸЩˣЩޣں
֪Ӱϵ֮󣬴ŭ˵һʥˣϵһԪʯҲҪϷ£ˣϵ·ܴ
ɱԽԽַϣȷʵҲһ־磡˵ȴǳϵؽ߿ƬҲȡ˳汦壬˼϶ͶˣȻҲ˳Ψһûжģֻо䡣
ӰֱųеƬһӿӰʲôһӣʱ¶һƬӰ˵ƬеƬһģƬϷõģ̫ˣѾˡ
ֹ꣬Ӱž䣬ĶأϽϷó
ֻһѽ
ó
ǣҵĽóҪѪ˵꣬Ӱֱ˵СӣϷȻأֺܱң
ȷҪó
ӰоԼƱѹסˣкܲˬŭ֪ʲô𣿽Ҳ˵ĺҲϷϵĸŵĺɫϷܹʹ㻹˵Ϸ𣿡
ЦЦûеȾ˵˵˼˵ںŶǽ֮Уܵ˿Ӱ죬ܰˣ
ϻ
ǺãץӵпϵӰЦѣЦѾϷİ׹ǾżУץϷ򣬼ֱһϵЦϷȰǣǹԹԽϷøȫʬӰﻹһ䣬ȻҪȫʬˣȻôư׹Ǳأ
ϽͷƬȵ˫ͳЦҪӺˡ䣬ͷȶʮһϷɢȥ˲䲼ǳ󣬺Ӱһ˫֣ץǹͷȴôҲץס
ڳӳʱ˵ͷ㲻ҪҵĽҸ㿴£һ轣գӰץסͷϮϽ߶ϵĺγһУĽ
ӰоȴûзϣΪ϶ܹ£ȻиսӴֱնɢţն˺Ӱָ֮ϣʱָ䣬Ѫɽ
Ϸ㡭
Ҹ߹㣬ҪѪջصġ
ĽϷҪˡӰţþž߰׹ǳȥǣֻ߳ȥʣܸסˣԳȵȵһʱҪȥȴǱģ˭Ҳ׼û˵꣬Ѿɹȥ߰׹Ǹסˡ
ӰһЦΪϷİ׹ǾֻôϷɱ˶ˣжپ߰׹ǣ仰ӰѾȡһڰĿڴ£ϰپ߰׹Ǳ˶Ѩ֮У˼״ϲһƻȥ׹ɱҲûţ˵ӣɵȴ߰׹ɹ
Ӱһ㶣ﲻɸһָоĲЩˣԼӰ뷨ӵûвսľ˵Ҫ
ɲ棬ֻҪϵĶȫҸһ·Ц˵Ӱһ㶣ЦЦΪܵס߹ͷͺ˲ˣϷеǹͷҪǣϷУ
𣿡
׹Ǿż𣡡Ӱһȣͬʱһָȵǳ󣡡


1359 ǵһ
Ϸв㲼ó𣿡ӰҲںǳ𡱣һ㶣켴ŵغûзָֻŶѨһž˵䣬ͷƵǸλȥֵܹסҲʸһˡ
ã
ɴ³һ֣н磬Ӱ뽣Ӳƴ뵽ǱնָӰˣ֮УҲϺ߷ȥҪǰǼըܣѾˣЩһͱն÷ˣ͵֮ס
ԣӰֻˣѾý̳һֻϣŲܽϮƫǰ֣Ҳܵ޾Ĺ
·ľͷڳָһطҲǳĵڶʮ
ӰƲѣֱֹһȺǰ׽ķôһһȺƤǣر潣ģȺеʨӣ
µţӰͻһݣ˵Ϸţڰ׹ǾżУǻܷ졣ǺӰ·ͷ
һվӰͺˣһɾ޴ܣֱڣҪѪѹʱӰ˵ģģϷ򵱳ģ
ջ˽ӰһߴţһҪƴѣǣӰѲˣֵҲɢȥ
Цͷо
Ϸſ
ҪǲſأһʣȺӰش𣬳Ͼ˵ǲǾҪ׹Ǿż󣬰ǸһѰ׹ǣ
ӰһԼѾġ׹Ǿż󡱣û˿Ӧžʹ󺰵׹Ǿż󣬰׹ǹ
£ȴûһ߰׹ǳ֣һͷûУӰЩˣŴɱԽͿһ׹ǣǰ׹Ǿż
ڣ׹ǱȺŹˣնˣ׹Ǿżһ㷴ӦҲޣֶξãӰﲻŲŹ֡
˵ǳڣ׹Ǿżҷأ˵꣬ʵľʹ㻹ֶܼʱ䣿
ʹܰϷ
ŶǿҵĲˣټӵ˵꣬ǳתӰҲתת֮Уʹʮʮӡ
Ǿʲôˣ֪˭𣿡
Ӱţ˵ţ㻹ûеʱأȱóЩȻĻЧͲˣǰɣ
֣ȴǶԾ˵ͷȷʵˡֵǰҲ˵ϵƬϵƬԽǿƬóռλϣ͸оʹˣҲͿԽų
Ӱ뱻ǣűߣʹңӰҲòճ˵ǿƬԼռλãȻ˵ʹûˣһ̤Ҳ̤˳
ָĺӰֱϳȥСӣףϷôĿóһ䱦û˽ϷĶãϷһҪң
ǵһѣӦϵĶкܶǿƬĴڡ˵ӰЩͷԣٴָסѨһλãԾ˵ٽǴ
һЦ֮·ٴںӰ£Ӱ˿ٲ׸Ž֮·ߣϵĺʹ̬ͺӰĳʹľһ㣬Ժ󣬺ӰжһѷǱϷģϷô෨һҪǵһ
᲻ã·óҪһ˵ţӰзȫ˳ȥȣ
һġֳڣȴըͱˣЦ˵ʮʥҵĽ֮·Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ҲǿЦãʮʥúͷʹϧҪʮǺͷҪض㣬Ҫ
˵Ǿ仰󣬽͵˲ںӰ˶ʮ˺ۣӰҽвѣٴʹϧȡһѷȡûзãͱն÷顣
Ϸ򱦱ϷҪϷƲϷҪӰף˵Ϊ˱ķٴʧΪ˲ʹ࣬һǰһѰɡ
£ϻһȭ֮Ƶȥͷֱǳڶʮʹٴӿұ֮ǰ˰ٱֻ˲ͽͷĺɢһ룬ڵĹͷꡱ졣
һأóϷԸͷϽһѱҪұλã


1360 ʯͷʮ˲
ӰľƵΣ֮һ˴ںӰľ棬ҳķԱ˭룬Ҫû˿ٶᣬûˣһоûˡ
ǣӰȴڳˣ˵ҪˣһķӰͳĵһȻȴѺۣһдƷ
䣬һͷǸҪҪˣˣټˣ֮ǰսΪʲôôŭˡ
˵֮УӰóǼдƷѾܲסǹǳܣΪ˷ĩͷһҺͬɥһ㡣
ҪûǳвͷһҪΪ֣һ˿̣ͷòٴóһóٴǣͷóȻƬּķֻһõҴʱͷѾʹûѪˡ
ʣãҲסǹܳ⣬־ֱˣͷĲҺˣ϶ɳ˳ӣԾ˵ǵһʲô
֮񣡡
ĸ֣ͷڹͳ˵ע֮£ͷŴ̹ǵʹһһŷʵǿȥˣ˵ͷ㿴˷ѣҪֱóһģЩʥɾͶԼˣңóЩҲûл˵㻹ջȥǰᣬȴ㲻ҪˣǾʲôĻᶼûˡ
ôһ˵ͷ˽ȥһΪĵĺ֮óһںʯͷϿʯͷ˲䣬۾ͷˣģ
ǿʯͷһӾ뵽˵ζؽʱǿ鲻֪ʲôĺʯͷϸҿ϶ǰʯͷؽеǿʯͬʡ
ĺʯͷؽġţؽһĻһĻȫԴ󸡳һʣʯͷܹΪǳ𣿡
֮ʣϾĺʯͷͿŵص׳İףѪ͸ˣ˲両ô˼ʯͷѾεشǴһٻļûС
ͷûһأͷٳɱϣŰ취Ҫȥġ׹ǾżΪʲôˡ
俴ϣȻڵųָһλãǳϻ֮У䲻֪ʲôȴĿǿʯͷϣʱʵͷʯͷģ
ϷƾʲôҪ㣿
ϵͷһָϷĳ㣬˵㵽˵ڶʮĲȥʩһ·ǡȭһȭһȭͷȥһαһδ
ͷûϵϵȭͷôǺ޵ֿ֮ͷͱ͵ǳڶʮĲǰεĽѵͷֻͳһñ
Ϸǳϣͷͳһʯͷܹ˵ͷп֪Ÿĺʯͷʯͷؽ˵Ҳ൱Ҫϧʧˣͷͳһɫˮ
ǳϼָλãͷƹȥʹֵͳԱڳ俴ͷ͵ôˬ죬ΪŻջ˳㽫ϵĶһζա
ͳһһһ⹳
ǳ󲼵ڶʮ߲ĳϣҲΪϲͷӣϻвٺöҪܹýʮŲǾ̫ˡ
ǳڶʮ˲
ϴȳͷֽ֮·Ͽˣͷʹ޲ѣʲôǳÿһܵʹ࣬ͰٱǧӣҪһǿķȫԿ϶͸Ѫ⡣
ɼǷͷҲܣǸλãͷ뵽վڵڶʮ˲ϵѪ⣬϶һûУֽŵȲλҲ䡣
ԣͷ󺰵ҪٱϷˣϷҲó˵꣬ͷٵֿ˫־ٿգеӲͣ
ͷһãвһϲҪҪӣʱЦðȻ㲻Ҿȥ֮еĶң
䣬ͷԱ֮ǰٶȣȥͷ˵еĶǳϵģˣھҪڶʮ˲ʱͷͻȡһ«ڶʮ˲ȥ
£ͷͣ£һֺȵǳ󣬵ڶʮŲŵͬʱлͷɱԽôö᲻Ǻɫƣ


1361 ټǱ
ںͷóһףһѪ켦ʯǳ󲼵ʮͷٴν롰ȭΧ֮󣬺ͷ׷ˣţϷûʲôöˣɱɣɱϷɣϷˣʲô֪ˡ
ûˣ
ЦһʣͷһģûˣҲûˡ
Ҿˣȡˬ˵ͷһ飬ͱ˼֣æųϣ˵ģ
ȻģҴӲ˵ٻ
̫ˡ
һţȻٰıȫͳһһǰٵ
Ҫ
ͷɱĺ
ҴӲ˵ٻٴظһ䣬ͷӱˣߴдţԺﻹŷһһٻĻ棬ʹѣʱͷʮһֱӱѹſڵϣۿҪΪһ̲Ѫ⣬ͷһźڰ棬òƹģĶ
֮ϮĿתƵ˺ڰ׹ϣͷɣȴû߳Ƕų˵أǡġûˡ

ûΪѺͷۺڰ׹飬˵ͷ˵ڣԸң㵽ʲôһˡ
ۡ
ͷ仰ֱ³һѪɵҲó˼Ҹûнݷͷ֣ɱԽûʧ֣˭ϣմȴۣ﷭˴ˣͷȻ뵽϶ԡڳԺڡϤǱϣպյġڰ˫ɷ֮һ
ͷ˵ϷǱ
Ǳ󣿡
϶źͷһתҲתͷĻ䣬ʵе֮࣬ǰǺʯͷǱ󣬳ԼǵõڶӭսʱǱ˵ǱṩǵһͶʣȷʵжңϻǱĹ
⻹ҪģǱ󣬼ҲǱȡɺϣĳϵϵ˵
͵ʲôڴѰ˺һҳٺһŹֵƣԺͷ˵ƣʶ
ͷ۾һ˿룬ֳ֮ɫ˵ⲻǱ粼֧һǻƾ֤粼ʧˡ
ͷûټ˵ȥԳЦСֵܣ㿴ǲǴˮǱĸǱĹǶһˣȻһˣͰҷˣѶңȻ󡭡
ȻٰЩͷһ𶼸㣬𣿡Ͻӹ˵ͷƽʱޱȣǣ浽Щͷ˺Ϳæͷѣˡ
𣿡
ֻҪңҾ㵱Ǳĳϣܡ
ûȤ
ͷ˵ϸɸɴȫضˣ˿̳ǣôӴ޵ƫƧļģ𣿡
˲ϣûһ˵ܹģǲʲôǻһ·ͨ硣
뵽⣬ЩźͷǱ˶ˣ
ң
ͷһ㷴ûУȴȫţȡ˺ɫƣߵǰʵɫƣʶ𣿡
񡭡
ֻ֣ͷʹҡͷ˵֪ҡͷҡΪ֮ʱϺȻ֣ͷķӦر񣬵һʱͻסֻͷϵĴָǸڴ
ԣ޾Ԫڤ٣ֱӺͷط£˲ѵĺͷΪھϢ֮ڣ͵䵽˴ԲʥΪ
ͷ𾪲ʱȡ侫Ѫͷһ켴ʹΪҵҾͻҵıȫҵģҵġ
ܸıأ
ͷһ˫۷Ź⣬ҸʲôҾ͸ʲô
Цˣ֪ʲôط𣿡
ͷ˵ͷҡҡͷ
ãҪǱΪ֮಻ࣿ
ͷ̿ˮĿñ˸ǳ˵ࡣ
ԣҪңʲôط
ͷһ˿ԥʱͷϵĶͻع⻪ţһĹæкñ
ͻȻЩȣ˵ﴫ
ͬʱͷȵɱԽһԽˣ


1362 ڰ׹
ͷǰ·ٶĽصĸǰ
ӺͷǸǶҲǶǾ仰ǡñ֣úͷ¶˾ģ
Ǹ֪ԭίҪø
Ǹ˵ǡﴫķֻһͷӵеġﴫܹ
ﴫܴ֪ߵķλﴫҲþõģĵ٣һ봫һҪ֮һ
ˣǽʱ̣ᶯãҲ˵ڶǣ鷳ˣ˵ġñкñ˭ô˽˷
ͷóЩΪʲôʱ½ôöһ˳ĳˣҵҪ½Ҫʲô£Ե޹ʵģôöʲôҪ𣿡
ھţΪȣȵĵЩöܹԽ½ˮ׶öڳϿҲȻˡ
ϾȵǣǸﴫȻ͸ǳǳϬԲ˵֮ʱϾܴ࣬Ǿ˵ǳǲµ㹻ǿܹǳ󣿻˵ǳ󣬾
ԺһҲ֮ȥʱúúо⡮ﴫ
һ֮˴󵨵Ľп񱼣Ϊͷ˵֮󣬾Ͳн֣ںͷϵĺȻҲܸʴȴĽ
ͷĴָװ׹ǵĿڴȵȣҲȫ˳УȡָʱͷȻǲãס޴ֵֶζʹ˳һų˺ݻֻҪȡĴָԱɳϸһҪõ࣬ҪʧȥĵǱ󣬺ͷɿ֡
֮УƳָӡǣ쿴ĶָĿռ䣬൱󣬸ɣɣռ˶бҲ
ģʲôķʲôʥдƷóϾȵǣһһ̣Ʒ
벻׺ͷΪʲôƷռ΢ιһۣ濴ȥĿҲ٣аǳΪϡȱĳںͷĴָȻſֲʮ滹ļϲ֪ı
ʮһ˿£ҪһսУʮǳϹƲҲҪˣÿˮ׻ӡ
ϲͷž䣬նʮ𣿡
ɫ΢䣬شӣӲӣҪˣ
Ȼ˵ˣû˵Ҳ˵ܹ£ţҲҽסеȵȵںŪֵܹһ
˷֮⣬һЩ鼮ҩ󷨵ȵȣЩҲͷ棬뷨һһʱϽЩϺõķתƵЩܹǳĹͷƬȵȣҲһ
ͷܹΪǱⴢָ˵Ǳıࡣ˵ţȥǿɫƣǰͷָС
ɳһȦûҵ֪ͷĸ䣬ϱǽõĶȡ֮ʣµĶͻͷģһϸɴཫĴָӽ棬ʱ䣬Ѱ
Ͽʮһܲǳķһһ̽ǵǽ˵ˣעǱڰ׹飬źڰɫϲ뵽֮ڵġڰ㡱
ǣʹȫַôҲ򲻿ڰ׹飬þý࿳Ҳնһۣо㲼𾪣˵һ飬ܹ򿪵ĻصĶض춯أ˵ţҲĽЩöĳ̶ֳ˵Զ͵ģͷ·ǺͷǶѨһ
»ٵˣõӵģȻͬһ㡣䵹ûмۺ죬ֻеĽǽ
ͻأ뵽ʲôתͷԳ˵ЩöŲһǺ£򣬱йһСģ
ϵͷΪȻָоˣֲһȻѾ̤˽ҲزͷôʲôʲôĹжٵ߲ܣ


1363 ǳĲ
ʮһǳķزǸƷףϿźڰ׹ʮһϣǳ˸ǳ󷨣ǳ󣬵жٿǳҪټǿķŹ
ϻΪʮһһɹ֮ЩƤϵ󷨶ܲ꣬һӣϾЩٵÿˡ
ͷӣǱӦҲƤͼɣţͻ뵽һ⣬ǳ˴пܣҲ˽Ĳù˽زʩչҲ˵ռ˲ǳҪı
ͷһ𣬳Ҳ͸ˣǳͼѣһʮſŵģһʮĿŵģͼ֪˭ֻǣͼΪʲôѣǳãӦòͼ°ɣ
Īǳ򲻹˼ңƵǳ˷ѣ뵽ܣϴΪļ£ҪʲôĴڣܹǳ󣿡
ǳϿ϶֪󷨣пֻܽǱɽһǣɽһǾôԵ񶼲ǳ󡭡
ǳǣܹƵǳˣ뵽˵ҵõǳ󣬱Ǽ̳ǹǲǾҪƵǳΪУʲôΪվʲô۷֮
ͷѹӿûںЩѹһˮۣѹԣһʹӷܷϵĶѡ
˿̵ĳϣ뵽˹ͷ뵽Ƭ뵽ˮڵһѪ֮Ժһһ֣ȴ۳һ⣬ľͷһ
ǰΪľͷ񣬾գȥͼڴ½תһȦ֮󣬳ȴãˣڣ֪ĸ࣬ȴӵԻˡ
עصʮһ֮ϣ˲ֶβǳ󣬶һԷǳǳѿЩ⹳ȵȣ᲻ǳţ
΢һ룬ûд𰸵⣬ˣôʲôǰҪģǽԼˮ֮йȫĹ򣬳´ٵĹڿռ֮ǿԺúõؽ
ϵ仯䶼ɫָţʲô˵ľ᣿
УϽסͷжԶ
ˣʱͷָʼɱʱֺ뵽ǳԼĿڴͷϵʹоˡ
ʵǰŵĹͷϢŵ
ڵ޵һϵĹŵһͷ­ϧǻʹȫ뾡˰취ôҲȡߣͷ­϶һñϧ
Ժȥŵһˡ
ͷתӣųϣʹʧ黹ûʧȴȵ˵ǹŵѾˣȥˣͷ­Ҳˡ
ȥʹȥ㲻뿴Ǳˣ˵ͷæͷѣͷûóϸǸɾϵķԾڣǼܹķҲûȡߡ
ͷּԼȫסֻǺ࣬ϳᣬͷָŵҩϣ˳һԶ˹ص
ʱҴҶ
δǰͼһɹɵˮֱǧɣǧɸ߿գγһƬˮƣˮͻɵգܸƸӺƴ󣬳Ͽ÷Щˮȫˮ֮ɣأһ󼤶Īǡ
֮⣬к¡ƴɱһжʾǰڽһҵս
£ߡһ̤̤սֻˣһڵòٺڵĺһ׵òٰ׵İһǰһ󣬹ɱмӣ˳֣ǴɱУҪöԷأЩ̺Ũˮ֮ˮǰӼˮÿһɣӵѹҪʮ֡
о˵Ӵ󺰵Ĺ֣Ұеı֮ӼûϵǰȻΪĹ⣬Լе⣬ΪǱҲԥֵģǰεľѾ֤ˡ
ڡ
ӻͷȥȴǸֶĳϣֶͬľ䣬Ӳһ㶣ʵôǣĹأ
һӱǰغ󱳸һƣѪֹȴӡû£ЦǱϵķȻ
ûӣæԳ˺λӢۣһұл
ҿɵӢۣЦ˵


1364 ˮ
ҿɵӢۡЦ˵˵ĿǴʵҪģػסԼҪػĶˣ˵һħ
ʱŲʲôӢۻħֻҪܾǾ͹ˣԣٴκңҿһΪ꣡


ǲ
ӺţøӿˣתͷԳ˵òҪ֣Ȼͱְүˡ˵ϳϲ֮ɫϣ˵Ļ˵ٺһ㣬ֱǸ̰ĵˣŭȻǸ˶԰֣Żѡ
ʧǣֻʼ磬켴ҲûκηӦƲѣڼ˼в㣬ˣǡ
ӵĻһˣӱÿǰһûӵ˺ۣϣƥģҪǼ罫㿳ʮ˿ˣǻݵôã
⻰ӻֱһ֮ƴ۷壬ľڶ෨ΪǱĶܲࣿ
ҲΪķ࣬Ӳű֪ðĵסҪڴޣԲֻ֣ᷢϧ
ңҲоƣԽԽޣҲϧ˸Ͳ᣻ټϣ˷Ѿнռѷ죬ҪпܻһռĴ飬ֻø졣
ˮԽԽȥĻҪȥЦˣû취Ĺû£ӴֻҪңΪл
Ӿһͣѹʵ̫ˣһɣܿǳ˰ɣ
俴ųϣȵҪҳ֣үһʰˡ
Ͽûһֻۣ˵

ӾףҲڣӵĵֿȥ֮ǰǿεǸλãͬʱ˺ѷ죬ӾƸΣΨһϣ˵ϣѣӱߵֵŰĹ֮ˮ˵㵽Ҫſϳ֣
ΪЧ
ĸ֣ǣӻǾܲ˼飬ص˵ʲô
˵һ飡
ϵעˮ棬ֱ˼ƣɫףˮƱͬʱѹһӿ챬ըĸо
ʱ򣬺ͷ֣ӴϲĹæб
ͷվڳбһδֺɺͷûжؾòˣ֮ǰֻͷûиΪͷĿԽϴǱڲҲоҲ
ȴϣΪһʧ϶ֵˣȴûг֣𾪣źԽԽҪĹûע⵽ͷΪֻдԲʥ֮
ۡ
Ѫ³ԽԽأ۾һۣĳȣ쵶ƥĽ֮ȻҪǰһУ
ͬʱʹˮ͵£Ӿֹ̣סˣͻأȴǷǹעϵķϣһϣڷ֮ϡ
쵶ն£ȻնǸնٴεĵط
ꡱһ죬ϵķնˣһƣףʱҲʱӵ˼άȴޱȵ˲뵽Ӧ֮ǾǽˮֻҪӦǸ˵Ǹ˳֣Ǹ˱ƴɱ
ͷֵʱӾͺԥغãҴӦ㣬ΪЧͬһ˲䣬ˮӲʮ֮࣬ӵѾѪ
ʱˮͻת򣬳ȥǧ֮һգۼ䣬ˮڳϵͷ̶ˮ棬һɵˡ
ӴһүΪʲôأ⽵ԼΪнʥϢƭˣû뵽㻹һСϺס
ӽע˾ϣֱȥԳ˵װģȰүʰˣٺúд㣡
ҡҡͷЦŶ԰˵Ķ֣ң
Ҫʱˮ洫Ķ֣ң⻰ӿЦѣ㶼ˮסˣ㹻ʸ񵱰ү𣿡
ûᣬȺսԳˡ
ʱԽڶֱȥһЦһģûţӵıٸ档
ֿܳȭȥ
Ǳߣϴˮƣһһȥ


1365 Թ£ǿһ
ųϴΪӴˮǰӽ켴ɻ֣ʵôҵġˮơУ
ģ
ôҲԼóۣ˭ԸһιأҪ֪ˮƵܴ󣬸ɵ˺ҲԹƣܹڼϢڣͽ֮ڵˮ֣ѪҺȵȣøɸɾٱˮƵһ֣
֮£ţҲܵС˺οһͺװСӣ֮⣬һ⣬ǱĶ˵ĸʵˣԼǰǳ⣬һأ
սթթү㣬үթ˼թģȻүͳȫ㣡ȷۣҲͬĲӣһһȥÿһȻʮ֣ţүֱѹ㣡
ȻҲţǣʲôơѹа֮࣬һ㶼ûУǴľˮž޲ɻ󣬡һ㷴ûУ
ţϿ˵ˣȴǶ԰ӣǶӣųϽ°Ĺܵס˺ӵΣӼԼĻˮ֮ƳɹдϲѣƳһۺͷתҪӣת㴫ΪЧߣУ
ղŻһļ˵ģȴʮֵĵˣתͷԳ˵̫ˣ㹻ʸΪЧ𣿰׳һң
ùԹվԭءϵҲûзŭƽޱȡ
ߣ˭סӿЦţҲɨȥӾֱһԾҪ̤նȥӵȻǲܷȥǱǷ˴
Ȼս̫ˣֻĲҪ򷨣Ƶúӷֲȥӣӵ֮ʣӰӵͷϿգһ㶣ٶһЦһʥҲסҵȥ·𣿡
ʵʥ˿ѽԲʥ֮ˣֻҪοǲܹ̤֮УȻֻʥ
Ӹոս˵꣬صµһڴԲʥͬʱɵࡢءҲУоԳڻҲɢ⺷ϢԻ
ѹѹһȺӲ̿ˮЩߺޣʮ֮˵ûһ񣬵˵ӣҪȥҲô׵ģ֮⣬һŮʣӾȻϸо˿˿вӾȲѣһʣв
ȻоЩӻǴ˶Ҫߣͬס£ٰθߣҪ·ȥ
ʱˡ
˵ҲĶ֣ƴҪ㣬Ҳһ¶
ӿǰʵһ֪ߵô׵ˣӳԾǣͷվ˵϶Թ°ɡ
Ĺ㡭
ҪŻߵϣȫˣĹǷǳӲ֪ͷѾǰĺͷˡ
۾תúͷʱԽڶ˵λսһս䣬ɾɱȥ
ΪջָǰʵҲ֪ԭʵټϴ˿ͬǳ£ΪЧҲĿ
ôˣӸסҲССס֮ʣ˺սǷǳõģ˲˾ҪµʣЩ˾Ҳ⡣
̤߲߲֮£ǡˮơ쳣شɢܣԶǣϢ֮С
СӦѾΪһ߸ʬ˰ɣиˮơоˮƱСʹѹܻ󣡡
ֱסˣ˵û¶񣬴ȣүôҪ̣˵˵ӻѹˡˮơԾգˮơȥһ̤£ڵĺ¡֮ٲкˮ
ˮơУԼˮ֮ļޣͬʱһԽԽǿңһӷѿҪ㡣
ϴĹǿһ㣡
㶣ȵ£˫һ٣ˮơѹһС
ǿһ㣡
Ҫǿ
óȫʵǿһ㣡

һһţӴΪľˣֵܵס˹ˣͨˣȥӵϣһֻƿ


1366 鵶ˮˮ
Ӱοƿ֮һξӨ͸ˮ£ӿЦ˵ү㳢ˮ
ˮ
һ֮ʱˮˮ֮ɵ֮Уˮˮûɸ״иɽ󴨣оޡ
ˮֱڳϣѪ߰ߵ棬ϻһоеѪҺÿһϸеˮݣҪǵˮһ
ⲻһָоڷŵ飡
ˮΪ֮ԴȪ
ˮݣˮ
һһ˿ˮҲûΪٸߣʵǿҲֻǸɿĽ֣ĳϣǳûˮ֣ҲԴ֮ˮ㣬һ죬ݽߡ
ϵĳɳУҲʧȥˮֵƴɱǡҺΪ͵ģҺܹһ˲ͽڵˮָɾ
ˮ𡰸Һ˵ǿ˺ֹٱϵѪ⿪ʼɿˮǿԪҺеˮҲ
ȴر
ϱҪˮ꣬ˮһսɾʱ񾭱ǣһ仰ˮˮ

仰óЩˣӮǿʳ磬Ҫ绯һѰ׹ǣҪ⻰ԺȴĻ棬ҲɲĸɽȴˮۣƺƼǧҪȹҲҪϴ󹦷򣬿ˮȴۣͺô˹ȥɽ裬ɽ裬ںӡ
뵽⣬ƺץʲôȴƿһǵˮĹԽԽǿķΧɢȥΣԽԽأȴǷſ񣬲ȥֿ˵һΣ
մմϲſһ߸ʬİӣˮơдͲˮжˮϮеˣһˮʴ壬ûʲô³Ӹոս֮ʱ緢֮£ðһ񣻰˵ǰ˿ûУͻᱻնɱȴȻ
ľصˮ
ˮ֮ʱã࣬ʮΣ
нʥ֮ʱˮ֮£Խɱһ񣻲ңǴδʱҲΣ񣬶ԸһнʥʵЩ죬һˮѾˡ
ϣȴ
ƿֻʣ¾ŵΣӿ᲻׶ãղʹһˮҲǱһһĲǿģһ̣Ѿ侲ˣи̵֪Զһˮûڵ鷳¶ˡ
ţӾһֻȭͷȣˮȭֵġˮơȴû״Щ˲ʵʻ֫ó϶ãŵͬʱˮ֮ڲͣ͸롣
ˮȭ޶ԣԺĻѾһ農ŵˮһˮնȥ䣬ˮ֣
ɵȵ֮ʱֿˮּһ𣬱Ұ˻ģ
鵶ˮˮ
ϸһ䣬ӵȭͷ˳ؿڣеһɲǣϵؿͻһУϸȥȴһˮ
ҽˮУоֱ仯¶ȣȴǺȵˮڰүǰˮֱǻòͷˣӸҿ϶ղǼǡˮȭܣѾڣͻȻˮؿڣȭ󣬾ͽ顣
ȻȰӳȭͷǺˮתָֻԭģɫţȣܣţһȭһȭȥÿһζܽʵڳѪ֮ϣȥģȫˮȭͷһֱԭ
ǲ𣿡
ţȴҡҡͷ϶˵ԲǣУʲôǶˮĵ֮ˮı֮ٿǸ죬֮͡
ӼҡͷΪǶҡģӴио˳϶޾ӣŭ𣺡СӣүӵģΪˮү˲ˣүˮѣ
ŭУ³һھѪȭͷȭͷתһ⻪켴һǡˮȭϣǡˮȭܣɱǰײ˰ٱ
ۡ
ȭˮˮ顣
ӳȭЦͷ˿죬˵ˮҵأķѣȴˮˮˣˮ飿ųϵĻؿ鿪ˮ̶ָֻԭһ˿˺Ҳޡ
С
ӵһ϶Űӣ˵˵ˣһΣ
󣬳ǰ̤


1367 Ǿʹã
Ӵ˿̵ľÿɲǳܹסˮǳ˵Щ飬иֳʣҵĹҵĥʯ
Щһַ֣ŭٿŭֱҪ͸ΪǷƵı飬ӿͱˡ
ȻŭԸӵĵزûǰǰ嶯ɲ㶯áˮĴ㣬ʣ¾ŵΡˮǿһһΣûˡˮƾ裬Խɱˣܴѣ
ˮ˷ڴϣֵá
ɨɨսѽѷ֣Ӳɺȵڳڣ㵽вУֻʵѣ㶼ˣ
ӸƣϣƥģԣаŵúܣԽսԽǿ˵ŵͬʱҲɨ˰ߵ˵˵ң㻹磬Ըһнʥˣû¡
Զԣȴڸ̣Ϊʲôҵˮ֮ã
ʵˮ֮򣬵Ȼãֻˮ³֮󣬰ˮܸ֮˺
һܱǰһ£Ե൲һץһƻأץֵʱɽѪͬģҲֱˡ
֮УֺȻ£Ѿ˺ˣǣܵľȴԽԽ㣬һɡսķ辢˭Ҳֵס
֮ӦģǼɣӵľȣй֮޲ǰŮˣΪ͵ÿÿҪʹɱ֮ʱȴܶС˺ĴۣȻһֱռϷ磬Ȼ˺ۣ֣ǣȴоԽԽ֡
ΪɵΪѾʣнۣһڼţ
һߣٴκȵһΣ
ðүٶˮûŶ
ãҾʹãϻ£̤һ̤ͬʱϡ֮֫סĹֱ˸飬Ҳܽס
ˮƻѵ˲䣬һֱ̤˰ǰԥһǡȭھڳôֲ֮£æԡˮȭ൲
ȭԣˮ֮ʱøɸɾ˳󲽣д󾪣ʲôȭ֮󣡿ΪȻû꣬ϸҵġȭִˣȭ൲߲
ȭ
ȭ

ȭʹûһ壬ֵԽԽѣھжˮƺˮ˫عôܻĹа˾Ȼ˰ֲô
ã
һʣ֮ȭظоϢвһϲֹȭͷүҵֵסĻ򣬰үֵסˮ˻ˮȭ
һѪˮȭ׺ȥȭ
ȭ֮ȭںڶڶڳȭڣѪϸȭδˮȭˮ֮Ѿڳϵȭͷ֮ϣҪϵȭͷʳɷ顣
ֻϧĲǳϵȭͷˮ֮ˮ֮һˮһ㣬ûˣȭͷһ·ǰ޿ɵֵɫޱȣʲô֮򣿡
ŵͬʱˣҪܿȥ֪ֻá̡죬ˮ֮飬аؿڡ
£ؿϣһƬڣɭɭ׹ǣҲɺڹǣǧס
ã
ŴޱȵҪɺˣʵĪҪˮǡʱһƣųһȭ֮ߣ׼ֶԸ
˲䣬ϮܣԺȵڳڣĵȭͷܴûƢҲֵ֣תųϣȵ쵶
ҵĶֲ㣬ÿ
ССʥҡûм˵ȥΪ뵽ֻһССʥôܶԸˣնԸ˵ˣߣ
ûˣʹʮնȥһ仰նԸӽնˣǲ˵ӱȰո
뷨ڳڵƣʮ֣
ĵƷױȳ𣿡ţл֮л򣬽һ壬ȵȭ


1368 
ȭ쵶
ȭϡ쵶
ϢӾ֮ϿкֱҪϻ𣬺ڳڻȵ쵶Ʒûи߹Ҳܽȭͷ飡
ֱʵж˵ȭͷܣ쵶ײһ𣬺ڳûꡱûмѪ棬ȴǿ쵶һѷ졣
ѷ죬ССÿͷ˿ҪС
ɺڳڻǾˣ쵶ǻʵĳȭͷһѷ죬ǰԲš
Ȼڣڳڲòˡ
УڶܴŰ쵶ײڳڳڴѪ󣬶ϵĹûͣ£ȭͷչȥ
տڳڱѪĸоΣ˵ڳƴɱôʱĲ٣ЩˣΪڰ
ڳڣ֣һ
պڳڵ˵ӣһͣͣѪڵɱɻڰУͱ£үүģ
ԣӦսǼǡȭģǰһˣԽǹΣ֮оԽأ£ԥƿٳȵҪүȫ㣡
һˮϮѪ֮
ʱͣסˮںһ𣬳ϵӼٸɿղɿĻᣬһֱϴȥ
Ŀеĳϣ͵ۣȣ
ͬʱסˮʮŶԷɳڳϵĿ֮£ֲͬԵںһ񽣡
ʱžžһ죬еȻѿˣվ̲ѣûа취ֻٴμƿһˮƬʱ䡣
տֻʣĵˮƿʹѣԸһ񣬲ζѣǰˣʲôͷԲʲôƨнʥнʥôôǿʵˮӦ㡭
ҲȥΪտǻٵܣϮ˵ǲ
찡
ʹˣȴֲòĵˮȻ򣬳ϹϬټˮİգڱںһѪ֮ʱΪʣˮһ˳ȥ
ռȥɢųϣеĺޣԲ˵İٶҲζѣɽһ죬ߵΣŨŨ֪ͲǸӵıˣıˮȣˮԹߣܼˮ֮򣬡ˮơǴ
⣬ջţгһܹˮǰĹ򣬻֮䣬ˮǽǺε磻ǣˮļյ룬ˡ
ԳһҪ֮أҪ㵽ʲôģҪڣжˮ
ߵˮڳγһˮ飬ˮײϵĵ֪ϵ﹥ƣ֮ˮһ
ϱϸϸˮƹˮ̺ŵĹ򣬱ˮġ֮С˵ˮģٲ֮ˮĳܿʯҲǲˮ֮ʱŰأʬҰ޿ɵֵҲǲ
뵽գ뵽˺ڰ㣬Ƿǻ𣬸дԽԽͻأۿۣŰգղúһʵ𣿡
ۡ
ѪˣˮǣסߵˮȴԸһʥ־𣬰װ׵ɫֱǸ˵ŵͬʱȴԹԵҡҡͷƿתƿ£ûˮ
üߵˮòˮѾһݣٳˮ꣬˵Ӧ֪ô£ˮͷˮ֮ǿˮ
ȻˮԹԵذ£ȴظоˮߵˮǿԸ㣬ˮȫļǵѪͿԿó
ˮˮ֮ˮȻǿ࣬ȴǹϵüͷչΪСЩˮ֮ǿȲԼˮ֮
δȴڵֿǲҪſˮȥЩԥԳʮֵҪĳ̶ֳϣ˵ǳϵԴڡ
ˮ˹죬һʲô˺ǳϾңˮͣ
ǣ
Ϣ󣬳üͷչ۾ǾҪƴһѣֲûܹˣֲûо
¶ģϸо֮ڣжڴƺҪˮһĶִʹˮ飬ͣ
ǡ
켴ȣˮ


1369 ˮ޳
ˮǳãҲˮųɾպյĽңֻǾȵóϼˮʱˮѾ˥ˣڳļ֮£һˮɡ
ˮֻ֣ˮӦҲȡɣ뵽ģ⣬ˮУˮͬè
ڳϾ֮УˮѾҵҪϵĵˮƵʣȫһ£ӦϣһЦʲôɣҵ͵Һ
˵˵ȴǽڵѴõҪˮ׳ԴﵽҪǸٽ㡣
󣬳Ͽ˵
һˮͶ룬ʮǧϪϣڳһɺ㣬ڳϵŰһжûǿС磬ûͬʱˮ֣ӿˮ
˲ϾͳһʣƤǵüӣմһѰųϵĴָϣвٵıܹðүһʧ
һԵľ䣬ǡȭȭȭȭȭЦ⣬ϴʱģҲޱƴɱȳϣѣǳԼԼսȲˣǾȲá
һֻܿԼˡϵĹΪҲ˾Ĳ²⣬֪٣ױµϵĿģֻǣɻ󣬡Ȼˮ˳ѶȸΪʲôȻأʲô㣿
˼Ǽ䣬ϵıޱǶħҪħʹңǿС磬пή֮״ٻҺΡ
СԳ˵ӹΰʧȥС磬ϵԪҺƷףǿɾѵö࣬ԪҺУҲִͣͣһԪˮԪڱȡ
˵ʧȥС磬ԪҺʱʱ̴̿ڽ֮УԪҺȥϵʵȵ½˵ս񣬾ǴԲʥ͹һģΪȭǷڵĴУһҪӴΪܣ
ӿҪˮѹɫҲҪˮ飬ԱֹڰҪˮϯһɣԽڰˣԪҺǱܵķҪˮˣóϸ
һУˮŰ
ң㲻ˮΪôִŵصʯΪǼͼᶨǰǰǰΪҪӵεΣ۳ϸ󺣣γɽĪܣ
ˮʱ޿̲ڱ仯״ڱ䣬ڱ䣬ʽڱ䣬Ըڱ䣬ˮ䣬ɱˮȣɢˮ֮䣬ȻˣΪҪ䣿ΪҪ
Լıһ仰˵ˮˮ֮αܸ߶£֮αʵ飬ˮضжʤʱ޳ƣˮ޳Ρ
Ҫʤˮ޳Σ仯ţϸϸÿһ˿ˮ֮ڵı仯ͻش䣬ѹҪĪѹ֮£ˮȻܵ˺ҲǷͬһ㣡
ʱ侫һ׳˼ҲںƴѹͻƣǣûмѾ㾳أҪô˷ͻƣңϾôҪ֪ҪԳ֣ǳʩչѹ֮ʣϾûһ˿֮

֮ʱѽУؼ£ϣϵһֱ޵ôûҪʲô
ÿ߳һǽҪŨһ֣ȻûʵعڣϴѹȴޱȣʱҪֻҪ򽣴İ㡣
ѹ֮£ˮҲڷ仯Ͻÿһֱ仯ĸֹ򣬽ֽˣϵĹͷСꡱ죬ǽϮ
Ų֮Ȼ𣬱ЯȻеѹȫھľȷ֮£ֻԳһˣ˾ܲ
Ȼܲţյ˵ǿģ͵һ̶Ʊǽȥ˻һ㣻ǻɵգҲڲ䣬¶գ
һն£ˮ仯ԽԽ࣬նüģˮ͵ſų仯ˮ򣬱仯˸ȺǣƷޱȣȴһһ֮䣬ȴѽ仯ء
仯ҪˮǳֻǣҪĲ򣬴˿̳ϵԺУűϵһ仰ϱıս֮


1370 ˮˮ
սȴҪˣ
նüĵĽ˫͵˲䣬еǳȥޱȣǲ䲻֮ƣﶼң򿪵ˮŰƲܲˣʵϣȴҪˮ֮ܣԼĹ򣡡
һƬͨ͸ˮ䣬˳ƶΪˮɱһһţϵ֮ڵˮֹͣŰ˳ޱȣñӿĺˮײԽĸɽ֮󣬱ˮת
ԪҺˮԪλתҪˮͬڰת÷ɿ죬ɫ磬ѹΧӿճֵһ˲䣬ˮȻ糱ˮȴǲ֮УϸоˮɢηϢ̼䣬ǿűüˮ飬ŰΧ
ϱͽˮǰı仯˸˿̣ǰˮѭΣеĹװ׵سڳǰŮӣһ˿ңųϵĳҡ
ףֻҪЩȫգʱأˮһһԺе֮һˮӳָ𣬳һָգˮֱɶȥ˲յڡ
վУˮ
˫Ŀ̵ؿųϣˮ˲㣬㻹ܽˮƳʵлһ²⣬ǣţǲȥ롣
˵ˮһֽзˮ˵֮䣬һˮֱգмѪɫ԰ޱȣ˲ɿݣյ˫ĿУ͸޿־壬ȥ²ĿܣѾΪʵˮȫˮ㲻ڱƳˮˮİҵĥʯ㡭
ĥ˼꣬ҲûܽˮһΪˮ߸ϵķСźţҲΪոҽԼ֮ȴȫһǽˮϣҪڽ£֮ĥǰȵġ
ܹ֮أпˮ򣬵ȻҲпܣˮ֮»ҷˡ
ˮֱ嵤ȥոоԼ˵ʱҪȴñˮȥձһ
ˮһһԪˣʵʮһڵ״̬Ҳܽʰˣ벻׳ΪʲôҪ˵̧ͷųϡ
ȴųϽˮһ飬Ǽ򵥵ջˮһٵԼ֮ǰ飬ϽܹˮĹˣøɸɾ
ǡ
Ҳ˵ȥԳˮһĲ⣬ǸʮΪʲôˮǶôǿԣôˮˡ
Ȼ⣬յľ⣬ȴһҲû٣Ũʮ֡
ˮˣǣȴ˸ࡣ
ϡϪ̶ȪҲٲꡢˮȪˮ࣬Ҳ˷ֱ¡עӿȡκˡ
ˮļ֡͡һǰˮͨʽζ棬ƶˮİݡԽ޿ײ룬Ǹɽײȥһһ͸ȥ
ˮİ۲ӡ
ˮԱΪ
ˮ̬֮
ˮĲΪ

ˮ֮ڳϵܻϵ˵Ҫģ򣬶֮Ĵ죬ԼĹˮΣҲҪҺ
һ仰ֱ֣һŻʶڻĶ棬ֶһˮˮ峺ޱȣͨˮҲ޶£ȴˮУһ磡
磬ˮ֮򣬶ؼˮ֮
Ҳˮγֵ˲䣬ھ佣ԶɢĻִ˷ӿֻһϢĹ򣬾ӿɺںڵһţڲͣӿۣͣؼѹ
ˮ𣡡
Ȼ²⵽ǣʵķǰʱ仹Ǳˣһλ٣ٶȹһˮ٣жǿнȫȹֻǶôǿ󣿡
⣬Ҳûˣֻ֪ҪϰȫȥǸ˶̫Ҫˣͬʱǣн٣ǽأ
źƴѹѾһط֣ǵУһҪݵĳ嶯ڳڿ˳оƣԽˣȴսø͡
¡
֮У֮ϣ


1371 ˮ٣

𾪣У׶ˮ٣ţ佫Ŀⶢڳϣд󺧣أжȹˮٵˣȴûмعˮ֮л׵ġ
һΣܶȵù𣿡
䵣ſڵϵİգ۾⣬𣬡ŭŭ㻹ܲȫʬ
̧ͷֱĺƣ¶ЦݣҪģ֪ǵˮ磬磬ˮ֮¶ȹһоǾлˮ£
ֻжȹˮ٣ϵˮ֮򣬲Ĵ
ң֮
һ䣬ž˵䣬Լ
Ҫ˵ԡǡͷһϯ˻ȥصص˵ͷ˱Цţң
ԽԽˣźڲͣмѹƵȴԽԽѾʮɷΧһϴζȻǰ㣬ססȵȣɫ硣
ϵԼ״̬ϿյĺƾۼƵԽãˮ֮ԽײУȹˮٵѶȾԽ󣻳ˮȻУ˵ע⣬Щޣȫ˵أЩУһȺΪ֣ΧһʯͷޱȵʯͷԽ䱸š
ʯͷ棬Žƣ
ڳȫȫҪӭսˮ֮ʱ۾ͻɨǰ棬ǰ棬ŨŨ֮ӿ֣ѾԲΪļƴɱӣ͵ס֣ˣܰܰٲܱסˡ
ϧûóһ·ûг֮ǵȻҶֺȻǵҲ⣬ӷһѵǾͲǿǽ
ӻڲҺţȵ˵һ֣ҾԶ˵һֱϮӵĺ󱳣˸ԴԹѪ֣Ѫ䣡
Ѫž䣬ķѣ˵һ֣ҽжȥɿҪĽĿһݣɱȥ
ǽԼʶʩչĴڣʶģϿų״ĽֱΪ۾ʱ˿̣۾϶ֱֱ˸оһֻǿһֻ
ջĿ⣬ٲȥᣬֻźƣÿһκҲ֪Ϊʲô˲֮С
ڷѹչʮɣ켴ֹͣչСʮɡɡɣתۼ䣬ƾֻɴС
ʱ¡һ죬ǰܺͣǽһԾתĺҲ顣
Ȼת˲֮ٴֳۣ֮ɳ罫һУ۵ףΪʲôأ
衪ž
ڱ£磬ֱڳϣֱӽɫ磬һ£ɺŤͺһһ˫ʹšţҪšʲô
һɫ˲٣ҲоЩ磬ǿ˲٣ɲ֪Ϊʲôǲ֮УӵŨˡ
ĿؿųϣȻʶʩչķȴȻȫʵɣϰ統ϣѵ֮壬֮壿
աӵ˵𾪣Ǿ͸˵ˣֱ𾪵˿־ľأǿǾ֮簡ôܾأ
粻ϢƱšøˣ
ֱˮپҪ
ڣŤ˼¡
һˮš˳
ˮν䣬ϢҲʹֵˮٵѹǽҲ˶ȥҲǵˮǧһ֮ʣȻһĻһơ
˼һһԾƣˮץУѪ⣬ˮξֱϵﴩȥ֮Уζͬʱ֡
ֵζȫܣݲųϵ壬Ҫϵ徻ˮһֲתľҪĨȥһкۼľ
֮ǿץסˮٵģѾƣȻѾˮĳ嵽һ·ϣҲвˮ
Լˮ֮ȥǵˮٲסҪңȴҪ㣡ڿʼִУ·ʶеǵˮԽԽС
һ֮Уδֹͣһʮٵǧ£һԶ̾ʱһɫ磬ѸȻ


1372 ҵĵһ
ɫ磡
Ͽɫ磬ȻһеĲ˲Ũ㣡
ǵ֮ڵɫ磬Ҳ˲ϴܵɫľȣҲһ֮䣬ɫѾݺݵ˳ϡ
Ȼϴ磬Ȼͷ󡢹ޱȵɫ磬ǣɫѪ֮ʱѪֱӱ˸顣
ɫ糬˳ĿǰܳܵļޣʹǱȳʤһǿӣҲڱѣѾӵ˹ͷϣѷӡ
ɫ粢ûڳϵ϶ֱͣӳ˵棬Ҫȥûйˮ٣ֱɫ磬ɫҪӲɫӳϵĵϳߡ
ȫһֱϸо˽ɫķŭжŨŨĲмϴھϣ֮ʱΪʱӣй֮޲
ɫӾл񣬿ʼ˷ƴҪˣҪص֮УǣɫֻôһƣһɫͲǶ֣ɫٵϳȥ
ȴоɫ˿̣ɫȣóϰɫ紫ʶڹҵĵһ
ɫԻתϰƳһ۾۾͸ӣ޾ӣţɫ绹ԭɱӣͬб̰㣬ϵĵ
ӽɫ̬ɫûнϷΪһ֮£޻ɵأϿ϶ɢܳϵǺεǿ
Ȼýɫ羪ȵ鷢ˣһ޾ȻûгȥȴǳϽµӿȵؼڶתס˽ɫһޡ
֮ǰɫ޾ӣȻóϷŭޱȣɳϱŭķʽǴУǸʵж׽㿴ңҾͽڽ£ͽ
ɫɢȵϢ˵һֻϣȻҷ
Ƚɫ꣬ϰкͬԺڶʽתֱƽɫ磬Ϯɫ粻˳һһɫץסᣬҪɫĿƣϧɫʵ̫Сˣɫ񣬽ɫץסݺݵص˳һۣ·ҲھȳϾȻӵаһ㡣
󣬽ɫ糯ųϴݺ£
ɫǿȻͷѷԽԽ󣬻ˮٲͣųϣвԽԽһоƽͬϲңֻҪһڳ⣬϶Ȳˮٲ˵ɫ绹Ҫ°ߣĽ֣
ԣϲҸɫκһ˿˿ᣬڽɫŭٴ֮ʱѾڶںһײɫ磡
ͬʱ֮һԽһԵصţǱѹԪҺҲۣȵȣ֮Ժڶʽۺһ֮ΪҪǳ
ǳ󣬳ϲ˺ܶΣѾʮһǶ⣬ϴûԼ֮ڲҲûôùֵ֪ܹܲסǹǳ
ҲǾһԣУͻֶΣ
˿̣ɫѱڶʱ̡ĲҽУ춼Σһ磬㲻Ǿ͸һɣ
ɫϾǷһںϳɵĺڶ֮Уɢһ˿棻ɽɫֻϢ֮䣬
ˣɽɫɫѾ˲٣ñˣѪϸоɫķŭǿˣɫɢһŨŨģҪصϢ
ʱϵĹֵ֮סɫ磬ѾپʮԵԡڰ㡱ʽתһʱ䣬ɫ羹ȻǶãȻɫץסɫ磬ͬá
ɫ綯ãһûᣬϸŹͣԪҺڳɺڶͣײɫ硣
̡ң
һ˲䣬䡱һը죬³ѪɢڶĺڶҲ飬ϸ̽ȥȴǽɫʱ˽֮һ
Ҳ˵ɫˣһ㣬¾ѪķԱȵԻʱǿʽٴ֮Ľɫ磬ԥϵ飬Ҫޣ
ɸжȻϮ


1373 ǳ
ɫ˿֪˳ϵûзڣеֻǷŭķŭϵҲǴѣַŭһֻʨȴݵķŭ
оɫľŭϿͼɫԲУһۣĵ飬Ը
һԵ˲䱬ɫŲ£Ҳýɫ粻ɿɫ磬һɫ磬ܷŹûᣬϽ˳ϵĵ棡
ɫȥֲƣʣ֮Ľɫ磬ŤͣҡڣԴ˱ŶԳϵĳޣûᣬɫɣˮٲɱˮ֮ҲϳȡγˮʣµĽľҲûţڰת
ⲻͬڳֵһɲǣںһȻɱɫ磬ɫ绹ţǡڰ㡱Ϯŭͬʱˣž֮ڶ
žУǵˮٵĹˣֻǣˮٲʼһϵĵɲǣˮҺһһĻԤϡ
ˮҺβȴǹϵӣʱĳϣܷˣһĶãǲܣֻǧ֮䣬ǽ֮һӣˮڷʣµһӡ
뾡ɫ磬򣬴
ţڰ㡱תѽɫȫסɫһαסһҲˣϽΧڡڰ㡱֮⣬Էһ
סɫ磬ϲŻһ֮ϽסŸ˵ϻԼˮػǣȴ벻ԸǵѪĹ죬ǳҪȵˮ٣ǳϴԼˮ֮
ڻסŸΣ֮ʣȴǲ뵽ˡǬתûʱʱǾͽǬתʣµľȫݳܾʱһϡ
ʵһֱáǬתûô򵥣ֻһ·ѹûרšͶȫľǬתÿһתһһתƤ⣬תѪתתתูǣϷ֣תูʱͲתƤ⣬תѪתֻǷζѣǿ
ͷֻڵʯ֮䣬Ѿ꣬Ѿγɡȭĺڶ֮ܣڲͣӿѹţǿƺ֮
ͬʱǳ󲼳˵ʮ˲ЩûɢȥϸûʱȥΪʲôֻǲͣزȥ޶ȣ
⣬뵽ʶʶһ˵᲻ãǣϺԥؼתɺڶֻҪһ˿ܣ϶Ź
ɭȻȴû̹Žɫһ̣ţɫǲܾôױƷġ
һУϵӣλһƬˮҺڹϵֻูӣˮʱƣˣϵܣѾ˲١
Ϣ䡣
Ϣ䣬ըתɵġڰ㡱ͣתɫɫֻʣķ֮һˡ
Ȼֻķ֮һȴǽɫǿķ֮һɢϢΣգ
ڽɫ˲䣬Χȥֱײȥײȥ˲䣬ˡһҽУأȴûȥܣȭڶֹϣţٴνֻͣͶûбġڰ㡱һԡ
ڳϵǿƹ֮£ԲܿâĽɫ磬òˣ˵·ߣǳϼƻõģҪɫ˵·ߡ
̡籩ڱʾʹʾŶԳϵķŭ⣬ϻоɫɫŽ
ͬʱڳϼоҪɱɫ磬อıиˮܳ룬˲侻ƢΡྻȥ
Ҳһ̣ˡȭڶҲֲܣɫ糤ֶ˲٣ٵ֮һһڷ˺
ɫ˺Уϵǳ󣬲ʮһһϲûֹͣһʣµ岽ȫ˳
Ƥϵʮſǳһȴڳϵĵڲɣ
ǳ󲼳֮ʱһȣҶ
ڰ㡱͵ؽɫסɫαסʱȣǳתһ


1374 ˮ٣ɣ
ǳԹͷȵȲʱܺƴޱȣ֮ڵǳûĿֲܣϲ֪ԣϻ׼Ǿǡȭڰ㡱ȵȹһһ㣬һһ㽫ɫĥ
ȻҪܴĴۣǾˮٴ˺
ǳǹ˸ڳϲ֮ʱϾ֪ˣòٸĴۣһһɫˡ
Ȼǳɢֲܣɫ˴׵ޣͻײײȥֻܻǳĹ
ɫ翪ʼ֮һŷ֮һɫо˲ʱ򣬽ɫҲž죬Ҳ죬һ侲ɢϢҲǱޱȣ
еҲʱʧˡ
ϿɲΪɫǾʹˣоǱ֮еޣǳתøˣֱҪɫ𣬲ԣϸоǳǲֽɫ磬Ѿ˵֮Уɫˡ
Ϣ
Ϣк¡һ죬˱˷ŭ˲ʣͬʱǳеĽɫ磬Ҳ͵ըˣǳܵҵĳײҡڲͣ
ˣǳûƣ
ɫʧˣȫɫˣһɫ磬ɳСָô֣ûɣɫܸǿˡ
ɫڵ֮δܣϸоɫƴɱʤ˷ܣϲ
Ȼ飬ȴԽˡ
ǵģϻ˽ɫ磬ǣһóս˼һܶõĵƣʹȫɫأʮأһٵһǧأ
ǳϣӵˮףֻҲһ
뵽ֻ֣࣬ͼڴ½Ϊٻ棬ԽԽţ磬Լ磬ɫı󣬽ɫı˵һпޣпֲҲпܣˣ
ʲôЩųһʮ磬ʲô¶ͷԼԪһ㣬񷣬о޾Уһǿĵˣڵ
ˣ
ЦˣǲòøǿˣҪʲôĵˣڵңô˵Ϊ֪Ȼǿ֮еǸҪܿǱܲˣɫܹˮٶԺ󣬳ϿǻҪȽ١١ľ٣Щǿɳ֮
ǣϲȽˣʹ˳ˣͣͲǰˣҲܱܹȥǣ֡ǡԶʵ֣ϻҪؼأҪȥİˣһĳŵûɶ䣬ѹ󣬲ܵ˶ôǿ
⣬ֱ졣
俴ɫʱҪ֣Ӳסˣ֪һЩ飬֪Ҳ࣬Լµһ㣻ǣͲµôһ㣬Ѿþ䲻ˡ
ϣһоͿˣ㲻ôģǻ֣ȴֲ֣ܳǰϣǺϣ֮ǰƴѹȫһףһһţһֱʧգ⣬Ȼ֪ھʲôǾ֪ͦˣû͹ˡ
ųϵģ˾䡢աһ˺⣬ǽ˿ŽУųһתҲתתĳ
Զǰ˻ΧýֵʯͷǵעҲϣصǰʯͷϣһϿʲô飬ȴžȻ磬ˮ٣ͬʱлŸС̣
룬ϲ֪Ͻעŵˮ֮ϣȻʧǣƲûɢȥǰǰŤ״̬
ϻɫɲǣˮҲһԵĲһЦڣûˣܲܽһ𣬽Ҿ
ˮҺӿϣϳˣԪҺṩ֮⣬ٶֻǼˮ֮򣬹ˮ١
ʶУǵˮԽԽСǣȴˮơ
йȻٵľ飬֪Щˮƣˮ֮ıʽ˿̣ˮռϷ磬Ͼɫƴɱ˳̫ྫ
ǣϾôηأЯ֮⣬ˮ֮򹥻ȥÿһεײ֮ˮξҪСһ˿ˮȴţҳֳԽԽӵơ
ⲻˮˮ٣ҵģ㶼ҪҺԣɣ仰ʮ㣬ԣɿЦˮٳǹĵһˣ
ʱȲʤȯĳϣͻ̧ͷƣֻǺֿʼŤţһˮ٣¡


1375 ǳۣ֮ˮ
Ȼʱ·ţһս֮ʤģȻ
ֻǣиǰᣬǾˮֻһΣ
һֻһš
Ѿ׼һĶãݡռѭΡʱʱýҡֱϾ롰ռѭΡľһȥ
ȴϣڶˮ¡
֮Уһδӳ𣬳ϲΪʲôȴףεˮ٣ȻٸѶȹҲûøһӵϣˮٸֻˮ֮򹥻
Ϊţ֮󣬱дջ
ڶˮʱɫҲǴ䣬ţЩȵһˮٵʱҽһΣֻжȵڶΡΣ߸εʱ򣬲Żݸ״ͬ²ͬĵǣһˮ٣һİ
ֲ⣬Īǳⲻǵһζˮ٣ǰѾȹˣһ֣ͱˣһ·ϿӰ룬ڽ֮ǰˮ֮ûУôܶȹˮ٣ǣǰνͣ
ڶˮ䵽ϣʱˮ֮ദˮ֮дƣڳЦǰ˵֪ˮƴ󣬳Ȼڷأȴûдһˮٽ
Ϊϼţõķء
ϵĽûͷӬһ㣬Ŀĵýһһؽڽ׳ԼͬʱϻѰˮٵ㣬ѰʥĹһˮȷʵֲѰ
ǣѰû㣡
ֻǰֹܹ۾ȥҲ˿㣬أ˫ǳ˸һţƤʮſţҪϴǳǶʮĿţ
ʮǳϿˮеģЩ׿ˮƣȻܿȫȴܴǿˮУҵһЩ㣡

۾סˮ֮ͻȥ
ʱʶǿˮˮƣȫѿŰˮ٣һ㣬һƬ飬ˮٺ԰㣬ɵڵû
һƬ飬óϿ˸ˮƣ˸㣬ͬʱʶУǶѵˮƣûл𣬶һ
Ҫ׼ճ㹥ˮһЩȫȻڣҪһǱǿת˷򣬹˵ĵط
ˣǱո׳һˮΣüΪ΢СˣЩңղǲܲ˵عȥֻˮξҪûˣˮ޳Σˮһɲ䣿Ҳʱصı仯
ҪˮƲĻ
˫УʮǳͬʱһҪˮƲ䣬Ҫˮ䣬ˮ䣬ǽˮɱͿˣʱҹ
һõ뷨ǣʲôܽˮٸأ
Ͽʼԣˮӳˮ٣ˮˮݣˮ٣˲ȴûһƬһ󺣵ĸоˮôҲ̲ңˮڱˮٸ
ʱϴӵ֮ڣīʯ
īʯͼڴ½ϣסġеıһīʯֵǲˮ٣ıסˡ
ֻôʯ·ʱ飻ΧҲ㣬ȭͷСһƬ˵ֱԺԲƣĵҪǵ㹻ʱ䣬һīʯҲɣǰЩˮ٣׾ͿˡҪܹīʯ
ͷû꣬ˮͻȻѣϵʹˮ֮򱻱סһȭͷΧǴˮپֱ˸飻ϼһձϣǳ֮ҳ㣬ٻ
㣬·ϰɽͬǣϲ󣬳ʶǵˮȴһһڱǿˮࣻڱʨӣɴ󡭡
ͬһ˲䣬ϻŵǳȺ֮ʱǿ֮µǳͼͼҵǳĲλԱҵˮ֮㡣
ˮӿȥǵˮȴƱһ·壬࣬ˮٹڵˮȴûȥǿʱϺٶˮ£
У
ʣ侪ȣеΣľ䣬ĵθո䵽ϣִӺ¡
ԲϹ˭
ŵôгɣǺȴ񫣬ھŵεߵεڰ˵ν£˻û꣬꣬ȻÿֻһΡ
ǣˮٰ


1376 Ҫʧ
ˮֲ֣꣬
һ򵭶ľ䣬Ҳˣҿ϶ǰ״ǱļأǶȹˮٵĶҪˣҪֲ
һУԵĿ꣬һнʥ
ھˣԺأЩģĵǣûԺˣ³ϵˮ֮£һغ
ΰ죿ΰ죿
˼ת÷ɿ죬ڤ˼Žǰ鷳ǰǵɫ綼ͦˣҪˮ֮£ǿɾ͡Ҫǵڣܹǰ𣿡
տϽ֣֮ӦôЦЦģǣһһεˮ£Цϵ񣬿־ޱŨ
ܲսˣɲƴɱˣӴ˿Ҫӣȷʵһûᣬȴ֪ΪʲôǽŲˣȻҲ磬ǲò磬ΪǵȫϵڳһǱ
ص˫ȭýʦÿһÿʹԼ֮ʦУҪ浤ʱȴﲻʦ֮æʵ˵֮
ͻأص뵽˵ܹյĵҩյĵҩǵֵˮٵĵҩӦ
ص浤µķ
䣬һˣǺƣˮٵ䣬˱¡
´ˮٵֻǣ˵һ֣֮ʹ֮УǴԲʥΪڻ̺һȵʹԾϮϮ꣬ϮϮ
۶ôʹţͼˮü򵥣Ļܹ﹫ӽʹܹùһĥ
˼оڳʱһ˿ˡ
ΧʯͷǰˣĿٴζеźƣɫ䣬Ǵ˵еˮǣ˭ڶȣˮٵƣҪһиǿˮ٣ǶȽ֮ˣǺε֮ǿ
һţһ߻ţΪǿˮٶ𾪣ΪƵǳңȥˮ֮ˣȴ᲻÷ǰģǳ
ʱһ˵磬ȽƳָǳ
ã
ͬ⣬ܿ죬಻ϵġáڳ֮ˣͬˣΪ֮У󲿷˶ͬ⣬ǳ֮ȥǶˮ֮ˣûʲôôɵã編絤ҩ
£һȺ˸ʩֶΣŽ
һȺ˽ԶĵطȥϢСǰˣ۾ɢṴ̃âһرʢֻˣתͷպʱɫȴЩѲ·ˮݣɣ
ǣŵȴֱֱûô򵥣ƾ֤ǻڵθͣˮ٣룬ˮٸòŰڳôƣͽȽ֮˸ˡ
˵ϣˮˮҲǾˣ㶵ͬʱӿ˾׵ķŭˮԾҪңֱˮ䣬֮ǰǵɫѲϵ
ŭ󣬳Цˡ
ˮٽ٣Ϊ˻ߣһΣΣʲô𣿡ҡҡͷˮ٣˵ֻϧҪʧˡ
䣬ϳ˶ķ˵ˮٹˮٺƴ󣬷¡֮ӿ˽ȥˢųڵĸҲˮû
ǵɫ磬ˮ֮⣬ϸ֤ʵԼֱ
ˮײţڳʶ죬ζҪ㲻ٴȥ
˵ģ
𣿡
ûʶ֮еʣȣˮף֣ȷʵԼˮ֮򣬴ˮ٣ˮ֮ܲŸǿɳĿռŸ
ǣǰҪţûˣˮ֮ǿʲôã
ϲظ֮ˣһȺ֮ˮ׷·ϵٻһ㣬ֳסˮٶ⡣
ˮٷŭˣӿˡ
Ц˵ǻʧġˮʶӿֶˮ˵ˮףȷһˮٽ
ˮ֮ײˮϣ飬˳ȥ֮һˮˮ棬ʹˮ֮УµģѾһΣˡ
۶ٵΣˮ֮ڵĳ˵ûʲôΣˣˮܹˮ׵ķţܹ޾յˮףôƵġ
˵øԶˡ
ϿˣǸƻٴس֣Ծ˵䣬ǿǳʲôطǸϹȥ


1377 ߣȡǳȥ
ˮ٣ޱȵķŭΪˮ٣ǾŸ䣬ҲãԣΪ϶ˡ
ȴϣϾǰȻ
ƿڴľ䣬ϵĻͷһ˵ԶԶĽ˲׹֪ϵĿģŭΪЦݽ̤ȥѰǳ֮ء
ȴûлţһãʹˮ֮򹥻ˮ׷Žǵˮ٣ԺµǳͼѰǳϵǳͬʱȥ
һǺƣҲƶˮٲͣ£ײˮףҪƹɱ˶
տųɸǰ㣬ˮ٣Ѿðտ־ޱȣٿˮ٣ȴƽ£һźµӣڰյ˸
ˣ
չڵأ˵ǰС۲ʶ̩ɽǰðǰǰСԸԶ׷ǰ˵ţշ¾Ѫ֮ġ
ϿŰգһĨ˼֮ɫҲûáտסֻҪԪڤٽձһһ仰û˵Ӱյ߹ڳڣԾں
ڳܴپͰҲˣֻһѧŰչڵأ˵ЩûڳΪڳܵġ
϶˵սͽˡ
ϴһúòȻΣȴϲؿڣһЦӣϷĲƵʣÿһֱǧ֮һתóʮ˵뿪⡭ʮģȻĻҡҾ͡ôҡһ꣡
˵һ仰ʱ򣬻˲ԶһݺذĿռѷ죬ӵ̴൱ǻˣ̾ɹˣǣԵǳϡ
ʮֵʮҲ̫СԼˡ˵ţԪڤӿֱӲýֻϢ䣬Ϊ䵽Բʥ
Ϊ䣬ӾޱȣӿˮƵ֣ȡ䴢ָŽһֱŵĴУ˵ҪΪָ͹ԹԸ󡣡
󣬳ֶԼ˵ס
ǣˡ
ɹӦ뵽ɵΪǰͣƴɱһȴǰ죬ȻһЩţɢȥ˽ȥѰǿǳ
Ψ£ˮٵһžµӣò԰ޱȣüŶ󶷴ĺ飬ĴǣѪֹ
ϼˣȴûȥֹϣܹȥߵܴʲôĻпӦӡڵΪᱻӶ¿һ֮
Ȼں棬ȴԶԶĵţϵǰУŨŨη
ڴ֮䣬еľ䣬ѾɳԶȻûпǳͻأǰ洫¡¡ըһת±ƿնȥ
ܿ죬Ǵ¡ըĵطӳ˾ҰЦȻˣ˵꣬תȥһ򣬾ϻϣ˵ϣǳǰ档
ЦǳΧŲ˰ɡ
ʮһ
ߣȡǳȥ˵̤꣬ڿУִŵظųϣһɱĲļʽһһЦˮٷһˮٽ
һٶȸȥںǳͼУѰãȴȻûҵǳģֻգϵѰȥΪҳһǳܹǳ󣬸ܹǳ֮ۼǿ
ϻиҪҪһҪ͸īʯĹԼīʯˮ٣䲻ٱ䣻ڶȴǽҡֱϾʣµļȫݳݡռѭΡľ
ǰΧʯͷҲǳĽǰŨΧʮһ˵ĹƺԽһӰ춼ûУͣ¹һ˵ô죿
ҵԸİ취
˳ĬʵΪֹʩչʽȷʵ󣬵ǣûһǾУԭ򣬴Ҷ֪Ҫ˾Уһ֮ʲôȥǳأǰǳ֣Ҳֻһʼ滹޾׷ɱ
ǳǰȴȡߣҪжƣЩ˵Ҫǿд͸ȡǳĳ嶯ǣ뵽֮ǰǿȡĵֱֱӱ嶯㽵ȥ
ʱԶƿջһӰ˻ͷԶ۾ǲơ


1378 Ҫһ
һӰ£ûȥʮһΧסֻվţһ֮·ʮһ˽Ǿù죬̧ͷȥǶԶϣûɢȥҲЦ˭ųôų
ȷʵ˵֮ǴʵʮһڲͬޣԼĵϣ۷ʮһΪ͵ģ۷壬ʵǵȷǳ
ʱһŭ𣺡أʲôϽŭ֮ˣˣصĴʦ룬ص˵ֲΪʦܹס
̧ͷ˴ʦһۣĿ⣬ҪิжิӣʲôҲû˵һ֮󣬳ͷվñֱŴ˵ĵеȻǳʦȳȥֻ֪Ǹ˵Ǿ춯ˮٵĴˣޱأǴʦ֪ԼϢ͸¶ȥֻµһҪصģǴʦ
Ϊ
뾪ȳҪ˵ȥһ˴ϣ骣ʲô£
ҲӵؿʦԪһۣתͷᣡ
࣬ҪѶʮ𣿡
˵֮ǶʮŴϷɱͷҲأֻصվ
ӣĹǡ
ǱαҲ̲סؾȳӿαίȴ޴˵ͷȴ˵αɣĥ
αҪȣȴڲͣصͷͺͷ˵Ļαüͷ
ɣҲ棡
ľҲСصһʱһƬǸЦݣȴһΣҪ˼³
ɵôˣ
͵Ÿɵͷȣƾʲô

ŭȣȴû֣Ϊǰľƣޱȣ׽͸رЩͬ޲ͬвӣһأ
ʱ̣κһ㷴С
ʮһ֮Умˣʮֵأһг˵أ´أ֮ǰһ𣿡
ˡ
ػ֣ɱӿҪس֣ʱӰڵ·룬罣Ŀ⣬ɨȥʮһһЩϹѾо˾Ĳǣ´Ϣڱ֮УԥתƵľϣ̺ɱĿ⣬Ŀײһ
նϣŵ۷ʵĳزҽг۾Ѫ
С
ʮͬʱһӣ˵ӵģСӣĪǡԲᷢӵ֮УžϲҵĽɽҪĽ
ǰȥЦֵʵֲøҰųƾһˣܹǳȡ𣿡
˴ź֮Ƚµ⣬Ҳþһв˶Ϣ䣬ۿƴɱҪһ
һȣƾǣҲϢңŻӿ˲ն˸ɸɾǼϾһѿ
ȼ˵ߣۿǼҪֹ䣬һÿ˳㽫ɱһǳǱڵˣȴϢģվףΪһԱ
һĻپԭˣˣɲˣײУô˵ףźεΪ
ȴɻͣ
ɵٴνĿͶԶĺ֮ϣʱֻźƣԷɿٶȣڴٶ֮죬Ϊ͵۶׽
ֻǵĹһӰǰӳҰеģźޱȵˮٺƣ½ˮ٣һˮףȻˮǻˮƣѪͷԼɼ۾ǳˣ
ˮ֮ˣ
һȣн֮УЦˡ
ˡ
ϻصٱ䣬ֳעϣԷӺ湥һνӣɨһȦĵû
ڿХײģǸײġˣȻϣߵǸǳˣ˼ת÷ɿ죬ţҪôһײĻĻҲܽնɱ
ǰȥվԵˣ׷ȥˮ֮ѹˣ˵ģ˾֮⣬£´˿ѽ֮
ܿ죬ϱ߹ǰ棬˵Ҫһ


1379 壿
Ҫһ
ƽޱȣǣ۶ôƽǺƲϽˮٵѹ֮£񶼸оһɾ޴ѹǣǰԪ벢ûÿ
ˮȷʵˣʮһҪˣˮٲǣˮԽԽԽԽͣΪƿˮףΪɱȽ֮ˣˮȻûƣˮ֮£ܲƣʵڲƣǻǿԹΪˮٴᡣ
ЩϹǣһûУȴӰΧʣµվԪ󣬴󲿷ֵĿ⣬˳ϣһСĿ⣬ǷھϣУǳ޲ð˾Ƥ˾ѪҲףǾĶ֣Ҫ֮
Цˣ˵ǾлɳãҪһɱңǲǻұأ˵һ£ͻޱȣǾƲԳԷƣ
֮񶼱סһεסȻҲˮ֮ģȴԴڳϱˣ
Ҫһ仰ǹԹ·ǾͲǸ߸ϵˣݵʧ֮ȵԷ㻹ɱϷ򲻳ɣ
䣬ֱӳײ˹ȥʲôʽûãֱײ󾪣ԼٶȺˣɲȥմȾˮ٣˭֪մȾϻʲô£
ʲôأ
ϲͷԪ˵أ
Ԫɫ粻ֲǣ˸ǣֻôվתˣһʳء֮£ŭޱȣȴ޿κΡ
һ֣
ȳȳ֣һֱϣϲ㲻ܣˮУͷ̡ţˣˮ֮¡
һĻҪֵˣԥˣ
ϵʱҺˮȭ֮಻üǳʩչȵȣȴû⣻϶˵ڣˡ
£סˮڰ㡱תڿգнľҲû£ɫʣµĽɫܴټˮԹγɣܱ֮ǰ
ӿ֮ʱںһѸײڶ֮ƣײ룬뷴Ӧ൱ؿ죬һնһնڰգȴ֣ôҲնȥ
ɫϣ볷ٴαط֣ˣ
ã˲ˡ
һƬ䣬Ͽһ֣
¡¡
춯صըǸĽϽˣ֪˶ܾεĿֲٿ룬·ٳòͷըһ㣬ϸ˺ۣſڵϣѪ
ˣ
󾪣һ۷ߣȻǳһ֮Уڶˮ٣Ȼʩչδ֮£
һͻƾ󣬶һڣ˵ˮˣ㲻Ҳڻʩչʽɣ
Сӣûп㣡
һ䣬϶һЦתһٴγ֣ȴٴαס˵ɱһֻסǣ
ش𣬳ֵҪǲĻǾ͡ϲ˵ȥһٴڿգճڳǰԪʱһߡ
̤ǰ
Ԫ֮ÿ˲벽ĺ֮⣬뿴ϵЦǳ棬ſֲĽ︹ţˮٵɷߣˮٹˮף㻹Σˮɱ㣬ϷҲҪĨȥĺۼ
ߵǳǰˮ۳֣˳ȥαɱ˵۾ȫֱˣ뿴Ͼܴܲ͸
𾪵ǣųֵֻĿǽȻԶֿˡ
ϰǳʱɢԶԶģײϻȿһʱҲǳĿ
ۿȥǾһʯͷɾųߣжĳΧԲ漫䲻⻬ŲٵĿӶʯͷҲǸǳ֮ĹԣʻɫֻɫǻϿյĻɫִһ
ֻɫɫ
ӵšڰ㡱ĳϣظоǳ˵Ϊңģʧȥġ
һʱ䣬ûк֮ģȴҶʲôԸҶȫɡ˵꣬ϱҪǳս
һգȴûսȥ
Ǵװǳûнǳץ˵֮ѾŰٰʮ棬ܼôҲӦž߰ɡ
֮Ȼץ֮
ȥǳжأ


1380 ˮףǳʯ
Ԫһ񣬿ɢȥһо𾪣ڶоȴǿϲ
ô˵ɢˡ
ӳжȡǳɢȡǳ׶ˣˮ٣Ȼǰһ壬ǣˮ֮أ
ЦˣҪΪСӶȲˮ٣߶ȹˮˣޱȵĻͺˡϾԼĻˣţ룡ȸ
ɱּ᲻ǳ¶Цݣ˵ĳǳĵرԵ߾֮᲻ǳͲԵߣǳˮлɣ
ôЦˣҪ˵ԵģڳˣǷĪǳ䣬Ե˭ʸֻԵǸԵǶԵǾ˵ˡ
Цţתӣž䣬䣬㿴ˬ𣿡
ˬ
̵ػس֣˲ӿҲΪҪ֣Ͻ˺ռѷ죬ڿռ֮ڽ֮УҪΪǿնȥ
Ϻ޶ЩɻʱоӿǳԼֱһ˿ǶûУҲתͽ˿ռ֮Ľ֮նȥ
󣬼عҪ๥ȴĽ֮˸ɸɾ𾪣Ӧǵնǰ
ۡ
һֻŸղŻĳ룬Ȼն룬ȴûһѪ¶
ӣ񾪺ˣ֮ǰˣǳֱӱնɱ˿Ŀ⣬˾⡣
Ŀⶼ͵һݣ˸ɾնɱҲ
ɱڷ֣ǽ̫ˣǿǳɲһ¶ʱܷǳջ󣬱Ⱦһǿ
뵽ϷͲţ㲻ǿʯͷģֻҪ㶯ģɱʯͷջϷġͲͬͷ˿ɲ١
ڳɲǣҲԪڤ٣ųǼɢȥΪǾĽ̫ϬˣΪûзӦ
ǣ
Ϣ䣬ΪûˣϢĹԪڤΪǿɲ٣ջԪڤ֮󣬳ӣֱӻһѻҡ
켴תɫǳٴԣȻץֱǳ϶кüǧҪȻȥȻ޶ԡ
ô죿
ϱǴˮ֮ȡǳͿǽɱܿǵ׷ɱȴϣǳʯȻ᲻
ѲҪｫˮٸȹȻ˵¶
ԼȴʩչܲܽǳʯɷѾӵٶǳʯȻ޶ټȻ᲻
һ£ϻˮ꣬ͷŸ
ǣǲС
ͬʱϸоˮĲˬƺǳʯûлָһ̧ͷ˿Ծڽˮٵĺƣˮ˵ȥ̰ɣ
£ˮһϲõĲƻˮ٣ǵѪȻˮ٣ˮˮ֮ʱǺͻһͣˮٶûٽ£
ɣ񾪻ţΪ϶ȹˮ٣ȴûôֹۣоǱ֮ǰȻϢ󣬺ƾҶķƾȻоۼˮ籩£ǽµˮ٣ҲһΣǺֵķΧڣ飡
󲿷ˮ٣ˮȥҪˮƣȻ˳ţԳϵĹҲͼӴˣȻˮûйˮףϸоǹεѹ
ˮ꣬ǵѪʲôͷˮٶҪˣ˵ţЩȵͬʱϲɱţ˱ˮ٣㻹вɣ
ûȥˮ꣬ǳʯ棬þȹˮ٣ˮٵĹգˮҺȻѪ֮Էһ
˵øԶˣɱǿǳʯ棬ǳʯֱˮֱ֣ȴֺް취ֻÿţţ֮⣬Ҳоȣôô˵ˮ٣Ҫȹˮ٣жǿ
ͬһʱ䣬Щ˶΢΢˵ͷ
޾еĳһоڻصӦ֪ûôŶԣȻˣͺðˣˣ
ڡ
ҵֶΣɱ
ǣ


1381 ʤ̭
ˡ
ǳʯϡ
ˮٴԽԽĺϣ£ɱԽԽԶǱһд˵ҲѵԶΪˮʵ̫׺ˣˮƺǿˮף˳ϣˮԹȫЩԹϡ
ȥķɱˣûԽԽ͵ˮ𾪵ô㶵ǵ˼ڻţ뽫¡һ˸ЮԴԳɴЩóȣʹ䱻ˮɱòˣ϶ȹˮ٣ҲЩҪЮһ³ϡ
ǰһ
ֻǣǿ䣬뵽ǱնĳͰǿҵԸңǻҪʱ̷䡣
ˮףʥˣһֱ˳ǧ׿⣬ǧ֮࣬˵Ҳǧ֮һգۼ£ϵһ״ǵע֮£ʲôɳ֮Ҳܹһʱ֡
ǧ׿⣬ȻܵõŨŨˮ֮ǱҪˣԪҪƲңȴ͵һɫ䣬Ԫعӣһ
ѾΧˡ
ŨŨģģߴɣŵĽΧˡ
ԥһ̤նҪӳȥˮٻҪ£ϾˮûǣĿ£ǿ
ȻöߣǽһĽ֮θ߶٣ǵأ
ɵˡ
һҲǵĲѣȴֱˮ٣Ժڳ˼±˫ڴߣȴûеѪϵؽȾŵӡ
ˮ׷ϲñˮٰΧһһεӦʶеǵˮĴָС̺ŵˮƣǳǧҸޱȡ
ǳھѪ֮ĻҲ۳ǿ̶ͬӣǣûУȻʹԼˮ֮򣬷ˮٲɱš
֮ԭ
һǳϻûнȫһҲҪģˮԽ࣬ǵˮԽԽۻ룬ˮƾԽӣϴĹԽǿ൱һζȹ˶ˮ٣ңԽ񣬵ʱ۳Ѫ֮ԽǿĻᣬȻŹ
ǰڳԺˮ֮󣬴˿ȫһ飬֮֮
û꣬ǵˮپͱĸɾˣϹһԼڵ״̬˿ʹ֣ȴȻڿˮٵˮ꣬ᶨٷν
켴ˮһζˮٵ˳ǰˮٶԴ˿̵ĳ˵ŲСвīʯձϣˮ֮㹥һСˮѣһˮ̺Ĺ򱻳ɣԼģµˮ֮
ٱٹ
ܶʼĹ֮У϶īʯĹյԽԽ࣬Щ򣬳Ѿܹ΢΢۳һЩīʯ
ȻֻһЩȴǽ˳ϵȼü֮ǰڡīʯĸɾ۳īʯ̫ˣûвȡֶΣˮٱץסᣬ˲书򣬾ͽϵˮ֮һ룬ԺĴָСˮΣҲֻСָˡ
ȴ˿ţ˵ˣʲôص飬ֻҪڣÿһεʹ֮󣬶ɳͬӣͬˮ֮˴룬ʣµģȴǸǿ
ʤ̭ˡ
ʱҴҶһΣȥϵˮλûлָĴָСǳϼīʯȴǿˣһͨ˵ƣ߶ңӼ̣ˮ֮䣬ԽԽѣ
ʮ죬˵ٷν
ЩȡǳʯЩͷȻ¶ʱ䣬˵ȫʲôڣȷʵļˣǴûпôˮ٣ҲţˮҪɱˮľģǶôǿңǣˮ٣ȫܹһޣ޶ˣȴôҲɱ
ǿҵķʥеĲԽԽŨ
俴ţһεˮ֮Уɳεȳ̶ȣ
Ȼûдһ
ʱת
ˮ׷ŽˮΣţΣߵΣŵΣȳϽŵˮȫ֮ʱѽīʯȫգף
ǣףҲ͵˾ͷ֪ɵīʯйϵҪȫīʯҪɵģǺ˵Ӹɣ
ʮΣ
ϺȳʮˮӿպգȴûĿǰӦˮϬīʯΪ뵽ˮ͸ԣ
͸


1382 ͸ֹ
ˮ޿ײ룬͸ǷֻҪһ϶ǺССĿ϶ˮȥƽģʢˮ룡
װˮ֪
۴Կȥˮһ㶼ûȱʧʵϣˮ͸ֻ͸̫̫СھߣԭһΪķ϶СΪͨˮ͸̫
ϵˮ֮͸ǷͬСɣװϵˮ֮۵ˮֻͨˮǰڵ΢С϶ͻ޷Ŵ󣬱װסһζװס
ˮ֮ǿԶԣˮٴڵķ϶Сͨˮ֮򣬻˵ˮֲ̫ǿˮȥײˮ٣˵͸ûаͻᱻˮٸˣǻΪá
ˮ٣ĳЩӽ
ɳûΪȱôˮپͲڣ㶼Уûпɹ͸ķ϶͸ȥǾ˵ˮ֮򻹲ǿ
Ǹһ󺣰ʮˮ٣Ȼֻ͸ԣˮ֮ʮˮӿȥһӴϵˮ֮򣬾ϡﻩһƬ
ˮʧʶеǵˮһαСϸоʹû˿η壬һǰˮ֮ӿȥ
һһεײǵˮԽԽСˣײڼ
죬ҹƬ̲Ϣ
ǧεײ֮ʹûóľѣǵαСָ׸ǻҪСˮΣֹͣСϵˮ֮򣬴㴦ˮ֮С
˺󣬳ϱˮٷ𷴹͸ķΧԽԽ㣬ҳϲֻһ͸ǴӶദ͸һһĵ㣬ߣһһߣ̳档
ˮԣ֪Σٰ㣬ͣر仯㣬ˮô䣬ˮ֮׷ٵΪˮڱ䣬ˮ֮Ҳڱ䡣
ҲǳҪ˱ԭīʯĹΧСҹ̶Ҫôˮٸǲ֪Ҫ¡
͸Ͳһ䣬ɳ죬һܹȥңˮ֮͸ﵽĳ̶ֳȺˮڳǰ۶ˮ٣ֻҪ̶ֳȵģ٣١
֮ǰīʯʧȥˮƣ͸ײˮƣûʧڳϵԺʶϴʱЩˮٴγ֣ȴǰһ񾭹ͺ
ʶеˮڷš
ʮˮ٣͸ɾ͸ȫһ˲䣬㱻ϳƳһˮ꣬ˮ긹ǵѪѾг˵ȭͷСȻˮ껹ƴȻˮɢϢԽԽֲȴԸоˮˣϾһˣһҲͣˮûʱȥ
ȥĽϵ޾ľһˮ꽫ˮٸűˮֲˮڲˣΪˮ꽫ܸصˣ
ֹͬʣҪˣȴҪ
Ҳˮ٣Ǵųˮ⣡Ѿ䵽ȭͷѪ۵أˮٿͰٱѪ󾿾ʲôܣϲ֪ɳ֪ʱҪˮ꣬лٲˮ꣬ȡǳʯҲٲˮĸؼʱ̣ˮ껹ܾ
ʵУһ뷨áȥǵѪʱסֱֿ˵ĽԼ
ֻҪ㹻ǿأΣϺٵʮΣ
ʮΣ
ʮΣ
ʮΣ

һʱֹÿһµˮӿˮףһ̭ǿսʶеǵˮСִ󣬴Сϵˮ֮ԽԽǿ֮Ż֮ǿ̫࣬Ͼ϶Ȼʱֻһţˮ٣ȴʱˡ
ˮˣ쵽֮㡣
ϿٺȣڿʼԴԴϵؽˮӿ˵ˮ£ӿ͸ж͸٣͸پ١
ˮαǣˮصۣô࣬ҲھȣˮٹȻЩˮƣһظĶûУ
ٶȥһ̣ˮٻᱻɾ֮󣬳ʶǵˮѾһС
Ҳʱͻط͸ˮٽˮ֮÷飬ޣȻԴԴϵӿˮ٣ӵʱ䣬СڵģֻĴָСˮΣ
ʧô󣬳ϿԼõŲƣͬˮʵѪ֮Цˣ


1383 ˮ
Ѫֳ֮ˮƣǣЩˮƣˮˮƣˮ֮ˮơ
ˣܲЦ
ˮȻֻĴָС̺ŵģȴǾ
ڣķһΣҪˮ֮ͻһǧˮ֮򹥻ȥһˮ֮ںƴޱȵˮǰСÿ
ˮˮ֮ˮǰϵˮ֮򣬾ͽǧСȻǧСȴһѷļ⵶У˿ɵˮٱɱһˣƨ
͸ת䣬ͷ棬˳ϾӣÿһǽЩˮȫˮ֮УǽۺϣˮƱü򵥣ˮһ㶼û˲ܻ
֮⣬ϻһһѪ֮
պ
һҽУˮгģˮ긹еǵѪȭͷСֻǣˮҲ˼ֲ֮˶ʱˡ
ͬʱˮٲˮӿ룬ӿˮˮ٣Գϵˮ֮ɢηϢҪӳˮס
ˮ٣ǿʼعˮ꣬Ҫγ϶ȹ⿪ͷһĳˮ٣óߣȥ
ˣ϶ϲ񣬸Ͻȹˮ٣ϣȻҲϲȴ㣬ȹˮ٣仰˵ǲŹˮ١
㲻Ҫô׾ͷأЦŶˮ˵켴ɫһݣҪһأңдã
£ֶˮ˵ˮףллĻӣʣµģӦˡ
£ˮʧ
Ǳǧ״ķɱˣһֱųϵˮײʧΪϲԪûǸײģôȵùˮ٣
׳գ
Ա߲Զľ䣬һۣԪֱҪ佣һɨԪ񣬾ֱһûз쭣ֻ˵ǵĹۣôˮٵģ
ۣ
ҪǱ˵ԪŵΪߣ³ֻһһңҲһ塢壬пܣʢŭ֮£һ
Ȼ֣Ǿ˵ģֻˣԹޣԶһǶԾԹޣȫɵӰˣΪǿģʵ̫ˣ
ˮʧǺˮ٣һζûϣǱ˿ȥ
ôˣ
Ϊʲô
׷ʲô£

һʻԪĳ벻ףµʱǹײ浽׷ʲô
ǣ벻׵ģں档
ֻһԾֻ޾ˮ֣֮мһڶУˮ٣ҹ䣬Щˮپͱ˺ڶ˲䱻͸
ϳ֣ˮ껺һˮǻϣĹâϽˮ˻ȥջȥɲǣϸоˮ괫ĸмϢ
ǧ״ԪʧУڶˮ٣ˮ٣ˮ١վڳ϶񣬽ɫǣҲ˿ֲˮٽ棬Ȼҷˮ١
⣬ζʲô
ǲζţЩ񡢵ҲĶ֣棬һˣǳʯջ
ǣһתžѣǽ֮ǽһֱǵ˲ã
Ц˺飬ӦҲ㵽һЩɣҲϲЦտɣ
УǽߣȷʵЦݡ
ʱµĵ𣬵һˮ֮Уһˮ٣Ȼһ£Ȼֻһˮ٣ǣһˮ٣Ҳ
ϻͷЦˣȻǱۣȴ·𿴵˳ϵЦݣǴѪĴǣһĻȣȻ󣬵ڶղǵˮ٣һ
ڴ˿̣ǵβˮ٣ֱ¶ȥȻµΪˮ٣ðˮ֮ˮҪ֮Ϸֳһˮ֣뽫ˮץ˵£ɴȴͻס֡
ţ˵£һˮ֮䣡
Դ죬ص֣ǣӣ
ǵˮֱ£½ǵˮ٣ɻۣ̤֮һУŨ
ˮ٣˹ʶǵˮȻûбֻɢĹâȴԽԽŨ˿̣ѾҡֱϾʮ㾭ȫϣݡռѭΡڶ㡭


1384 ˮ֮
ˮջȥˮʧȥһ̣޾еĳŭˣϾҪɺߡ
ŭص˺һƽһ˿ŭҲޣޱȵ˵ȷʵҪɱĻҲ̫Сˣֻ֣ɱ㣬׶ˣϾ㣬ÿɣôˮ٣ɳһЩɳǱףǿɾͲһˣ׷ɱɣ㲻׷ɱֹ
ֵߣһЩӣû뵽㲻֪ôȻˣǾͳŭɣһ£ǰŵһ˵
ǣ
һŲĹ֮ˣæ˳ȥض֮ʮָ䣬ˮ¡֮ؼ䡭
ͬһ˲䣬˴Ǻ֮Уĺ¡һˮ٣˿ֱ̣ʮüźƣظоˮٵı仯֮ǰˮ٣Щһˣ
Ϊˮ꣬ˮǣŭңϲ˸˾ŲʮȴǺ壬һЦʲôҪŭ𣬶ɣ߲塣
ϼ̣Ѫ֮ҲˮƲΪѳ״ϵĻۣʵ̫ۻˣһݣȴ״ˮۡ
ԶԪһڴˡ
Ц٣ü˼֮ɫתͷ£ǵˮ٣ѾѪӣ֮кŵıˣǽһ󷭶
ϣһٵˮ٣
ͻһȣ䣬ֱ˦һٵˮ٣ûжñնٵˮɱһһս·硣
ΪҲȣϴ󣬸ҲΣ
Ը
ɵҲԼ˼һ£ˣҲǴȴûкڰգȫľη
ԪѪˣЦˣúãԽԽãýԼˣʱֹ㻹Ų
ţԪָſˣ֮ǽϣֳУĵطԪſָ
ǰϿϵ磬ûɵؾˣٿ䣬︡ɻԱߵĳˣ־壬Ȼû˱ϴǣǳɡ
ʲôûˮйŹһлģϴȣ˲תͷĴȥ־֮ɫŨ˼㣬˵ھߣҲ߲ˣ
ʲô
˳ų˵۾ȥ֣ǰûн֮ǽˢغڵ˼£ͷϵġ䡱֣Ҳˡ
ߣŵĳϣͻػһźɱ
ɱ
˳֮⣬ǳʯˮ٣ǺƣȥǳȻûɱģɱˮ֮УŨŨ
ˮҲɱ
Ǿˣ֮Уȴǽֻ۵ˮ˻ֶˮٹ˿̣Ժ︡ŵȴһ仰ˮˮ
ɱˮ٣ϵһͶûУˮٳ˽ȥϧˮ٣ͱ͸ˣɱ˳
޾Уʮָˣŭŭ֮УŨŨɱֹϢ󣬴˴ؿȡһӣھѪҺ٣
ӵѳޡ
һ̣ѹŵĺƣ͵һǰšĺƣ͵ط֮Уȥˮ٣Ȼֻص˺棬ˣ޵ˮʧˣ֮еĽòҲһЩ
ҪģгԼˮ֮򣬾ȻҲʧϵĸоһˮ֮ռΪһ㡣
ҵĹ򣿡
һߣ˺ֻޱȵĺƣһˮأװȫˮ٣һˮ٣ӿŴҲûеľκˣ
ˮ֮أ
һˮȥ߳ˮٳֱ仯پκˣǳУзתһĻͻȻ֣ɳ϶ԴˣȴİԼڣΣԪҺأ
ԣϽŲδͣǰߡ
Խˮ֮أϾ͸оʶǵˮԾɼᶨƵȥʱмУһͷ­ˮͷ­
Ҳ˱仯
еĳˮ֣֮еıˮ֮еĳˮ֮ȡ
󣬳һˮ֮ˣ
ˣ


1385 ֮ˮ
ˮγɵˣЩ㵣ȴǴ㵶ѣʼգĽŲδͣ۾δ㱹һֱˮ֮ˡ
п·γɵˮ֮ˣȷʵޱȣϸ鶼ᱻǰһס
ˮ֮˵죬ˮƣˮƻ۳ϣɣ
㵱ȻҪ𣡡
Ȼˮ֮üˮƣͻȻתʢŭϢӿһСˮͻرλãһ̤룬պ̤ˮٳС
ˮ֮˲Цͽ֮أ£ˮͻءꡱһˮٳӱ˱У֮ǰīʯȥǿ̫ࡣ
һ˲䣬۵ˮƶסˣһ˿ˮƶˮƲȴǱˮۣҪΪһ壡
ңʶеǵˮҡѣڷڣ·ʱɢ
Ǹˮ̤֮ǰٴЦΪжôԭҲˡ˵꣬ˮֱ֣֮ץȥץȥĹУ޺޲ѵزˮƣߣ֪Ϊɱ㣬Ҹ˶Ĵۣ㲻ܾô׵ȥ֪𣿡
սƷ
Ҫɱܾ
ˮֻˮ֣֮ȴͻҲǰƶֺˮ֮סǿƽһ֮£ˡ
˵˵𣿡
һԳӿ֨֨ı˷ȴǽ϶סˮ٣һһƣţϵˮƣָ켴͸ȥ
ˮٻˣӿˮ֮ˣˮ֮˴󾪣㴴ʲô򣿡
Ȼˮ֮򣡡
ܣܽˮٻΪã
ˮ𣿡
˵ţŲ̤ˮ֮˿ŭ㾹ȻңҪɱ㣬Ҫ
Ҫսսôϻ
㡭
ˮ֮˸˵һ֣ϵˮ֮Ѿ͸ˮ֮˵Ľ£ȫӣˮ֮˵ˮƣһ벨֮ˮҺۣ
ʱЩˮ٣ˮ֮۶ȥƸӴÿһƵļ룬ˮܣʶеǵˮҲžһˡ
ˮᣬֻڳϵʶˮ֮ȴһ㣬ˮƲ㲻Ҫսˮ֮ˣҿ㻹ôս
ˣ
ЦˣŲδܻͣ㡣˵֮䣬ϵ⣬鿪ˮ֮ںϣ಻ˮ֪֮ߵغ񣡡
֮ˮˮ֮Ƶˮȫһ²ˮ֮ɢޱŵϢ·һ㣬ˮƳ𣬳һ֣
䡭
ʶУǱѵˮΣըˣ¡ըڶˮ֮۵ӣҲˣըϵĵӶȥ
ôףˮô׹
ƺûⲨϻڲͣرըɳϵĽţǰ̤ʶУǹ⣬òˮ֮򣬻ڽںϣ׵ںϡ
ˮ֮򶼱ˣôû𣿡
˵ˮ֮򣬾Ͳˮ֮𣿡
һԣˮ֮ס켴һȣ
ڡ֮УʮǱĳϣ߱˵ˮˣںϾˣ棬ˮһ仰£ʶеǱ΢Сˮĩˮ֮Զںһ
ˮ֮ǰеĹâʧˣȴһַ豹Ϣܸǿ֮⣬ˮ֮УһϢ֮Ϣ⣬Ѿڵˮ֮
Ϣ䣬ߵˮ֮ǰˮ֮˼ϻûл𣬺޵ը㣬Ҿɱ㣡ˮֻ֮˽ֱϵ
ϲܣȴ֮ˮ
ͬһ仰һδ䣬ˮ֮˵ֲסȻɢ޾ӵϢ˵һ֮ˣҵˮ
ˮƲδͣϢɢ
ʱˮ֮˷֣ӣֳУȳֵ˫ȣȻӡ˫֣ˮ֮뽫˫ն£ȴԼƲˡ
ˮ֮˾ˣƴȫҪȥƺϵˮ֮ȴЦˮ֮ܺģ𣿡
ʴ˫٣ӻ٣ֻʣһˮԴˮƲΪʲô
ˮ٣綼͸ˣˣȻˮ٣ȴҵˮ٣ܹ֮ģ˵𣿡
û˿⣬һץסǿˮԴˮԴо֮ˮۣѪ֮
ˮԴʧˣʧһ˲䣬һ仰һģұģһ


1386 ֮
ǿˮԴȫһ˲䣬޾ĳ͵ڿգڿѪ˫ϥصعȥȥɲǣӱ㱬˿ʼѪɽ棬ȫˮ
Ҳʱ˵£кϷˡ
ϻˮ֮˵ͬʱǵˮٵƴɱҲĻһһˮ֮䡱ֹǵˮޣ¶źƣЦʱ¸оʲôɶˣ켴һɺȻӿȫԲʥΪ
ֻɲǼ䣬ΪϢٱ仯£Ѿ̤̤֮ȥɲǣ¸оĪһյϵ
Ҳնˮ٣ȴǴĿĵ˺ۣΪûб仯۷壬ǣû˼򵥵ؽܵһʵ
ھ䣬һٵˮ٣ΧһһٵˮپޣȴһٵˮѾĽϮ͸һ׵ף֮ǰûѣȫǱĽϵһ
žûжñԣ˺أصһٵˮɢ֮ʱϥٲȥܷɱˡ
ɱϲٲܳΪסȡǳʯֻҪԸһˣԪЦˣ뽫ĿⶢǳʯûһӵϣǳʯǿϿյĺƣ滹һˣǲҶ
ϿգˮٰˣɺƲûɢȥһˮȻڣȻûг֮ɢˮ֮룬ˮȪ֮ڳ֮
ˮٳˢ֮£ǰͨЩһˮ֮У֮⣬ʮҡֱϾľСռѭΡ
ʣµľʵ̫ˣԳϳڽļҲµʱ佫ݳκֻգһصн٣
ΣϾҪѪ֮ͻأ۲쵽ʮҡֱϾľʮšߡ֮䣬ƸһӣɽӴ

־ˮ𣬻ȵȣûоԵĶֻԵģֻҪ㹻ܹתö˫վһ
˿̣һͨͨģںţڳԺ
ţϵ
һԥ㶨¾ģҲһţһ֮ţϵߡ롰ҡֱϾûãҲԳ첻ʲôʧһܹʹãǺôԶ׼
Ȼ֮ţ㽨ģͬʵУҪĵطһļ㣬ȷ֮ţˮӿ֣֮Źɣ
󣬳ϿǡռѭΡڤ˼ţܲܽռѭҲϵϵܹʹãǡ
Ͻֱ򵥵ӣ϶У˵ռѭΡľûȫݳľҲ֪򵥵ϵȥ˵ԺĪ鷳
˺ð죬Ҳûõİ취أ߾ɳ̣׼һһüͷ
֮ǰվǶȥھʲôһɳϳֳԺͷǳֱ۵سֳһ廭档
⻭ǣߡ롰ҡֱϾͬһƽ棬ռѭΡȴƽϷһڿеĵһ
廭棬еʱ뷨ֱӴһͨӣӵռѭΡģǾС
ֱĲУǾ
ҲǿһεͨȥʱȽռѭΡȫںδνһɽ˵ķ
򶨣ݳһʺϵˮƶ֣
֮󣬳ûѡѪ⣬뵽˺йʵڲó󷨣Ժ֮︡ǰԸɫʱڵڲǳĻ棬ЩĶ
ϻЩԥǰǾۻǳۻȣһ죬һڵأвֻ˺Ī󣻿ǣڷ˵ջ󣬽ǳڣʱ̽ǳܵĴͬɽһ
˼֮£ϲȡм䷽Ǳڲ֮أңر̣Ҫʱǣһձǿɿصġ
ֿʼһֵݼ㣬ǳɲҲȻչ˵ӣҪǳλãԱʱ롣
ݣҲɡ
תۼ䣬¹ȥȴݡ
ǣҲȲˣһۣ˵ͷ


1387 ѹΪ
һ˳ˣǷʮһȥʣ°ˣһͷ䣬ƻѶ£ȻҪĽģһǲȥǳʯвڣȥˣ˵õǳʯ֮󣬻һ
ԣͷ֮һ˲䣬͵س֣ϮӣʽǰûùĴɱУҪȡӵ
ǳ֮ʱһҡֱϣЦǿʯͷǾȥȡҲǣɱ˼˾ٿǸΪȻӣȵ̣
ûȤ
ģ
һݣȰǲҪңһ԰ˣҪеһնɱҲҲԸҰæȥҪǳʯˡ
˻һɱ˲Ҷˣǵ֣ʱԵģж̣˵ģԣ˭Ҳ뱻նɱˡ
Ǻӣתͷž䣬һҪļʽһɣһǰ״նһ˵˹ߣ
˭ҲȥǵһзˣȻȷʵˣҪɱһӦòʲô¶˸ղŵ⣬Σ۾ǳ֮ʯϣţȥ߳廹䣬ԷǱʹȻǷǹĽ
Ƿĵǣûб䣬ûж仹ϥڵأģһ֮£ǳʯ֮£һϺƣǳʯץȥα˵ƾȡ٣
ã
һȣî˾Ҫֶȡ֮
Զ伥˵һȺ׳գǹֶζûܽߣƾǡԳϵģǳ㣬Ȼ񱩺ȡֺǳʯ˿һ˶ûС
ɵˡ
ǣ챦ǰҪǾʹ˵ǾܣŸԼֶΣҪȡǳʯһȡʮȥǳʯȴԭգУ
֮ϣݳ˾ʮǳλãֽš˫ȡอλãԴȲλзֲʱʮˮƣ鲼
ˮΧžֲ
žʮˮƣһд󣬼ûгѪ֮һҪɵģκϧˣҪǡǬתһݳǾͺˡ
󣬳׼Ѫ⣬ŵѪ˲ӿ鲼ȫȻһϢܣܵļʱ䣬ùͷ֡
죬Ѫ
죬Ƥǣë
֮󣬳ٴλָһѪˣϾǳˮƣ֮ǰһģһһģǶѪ֮С
Ѫ֮ոɵһ˲䣬ϵΪ쭣ֱӴнʥ߽ʥ쭵˴Բʥ۷壻ˣûͣ£֮쭡
ǻһˣΪ˿쭣ǿ϶ֲ֧ϴ˿ȴľѣȻΪûжʵôںǣ˽׶ΣΪȥһЩ֪Σ
Ŀǰϲȥ˺ѿռ֮£ҲرΣ֮òҪΪӦԣԣҪÿһʵ겻ʮţѾùˣٿȥȣ۲񣬶պ󣬶Ǳ״Ժ·ô
ϿʼѹΪƴҪΪ̤񾳣ǼԪڤԼΪǧ㹦ڽΪȶڴԲʥ۷徳
ҲſѹΪʹôԲʥľǳȹ̣

ϳһѹΪһܶҪۣϼ̽ӣˮ֮͸ÿһѪϸȻ֮Ҳ棬ˮ𱾲ݣңˮ֮֮ǿ̫ࣻɴ˿̣ȴԡڰ㡱תʽǢתš
ʶеһŻһˮҲǡڰ㡱ת
ɢȥɡ
һ֣ƾɢںҪɢӰʱźײˣײ̡죬ϻһݣɨһ˿Ϊ΢ʧˡ
磿
ϷһԾźסϸ۲죬ֺ̺ˮ֮⣬ûʲôϱƼײ
ǣȴûг΢硣
ǡΪʲô
ϸоɫ磬ǽɫ磬ûйϵ˰죬Ҳûͷ뵽˵סν硱ʱٱڿգڿвĻ𻨡
һΪһΪ磬߷ţ༰ҡͷЦЦ׹ȥǳʯϣĿɨȥ
ɱһȣɱ


1388 տۣ
кƵı仯ȻͿϵӰʱرһͷ۵ˮɫͷĲѣһǾĳĶȹôֲˮ٣ǾĿϵӣûһ
ڵȴǾĳϵΪȻѾǴԲʥΪʱǲ֮ǰϵнʥΪǻʵΪˣеȴˣнʥǰǴԲʥֻ
֮⣬̾Ͻ׵ٶȡ
ʵڳˣǰһʱ䣬£һ·ӳʥ쭷ɵ˳´˿̵Ŀ⣬޳ݣ
ȹ龪ȣȴᶨһ£뽫˳ȥٳɳȥõǳʯ⣬αø࣬϶嶼շˣ˵ı϶Ҳڴϣǽ¡
еģõϵӣԪ
һԴС̵ˣŹͬĿ꣬ˣڳǳʯϵʱʥѾЩ𾪡֮̾ȫתŨŨɱ
ɱո£ܾͶʮſռѷ죬ռ֮ӿûмռֻǽӿظоһȶͬ󺣾ˣһһ


Ű

һǧ
Ѫ֮ڵͣһǧﴦֹͣˣǹ֮ˣȴûͣӿȣǳʯϣʮŹɿռ֮˺ȴȻңϾȷһɢһϢһ˿˿ܣ
˷ӦԿռѷ죬ǵǳʯǰѾǧԲܽǳʯҡ֣һ֣֮Ҳһ֣ȻǳʯֵܵΪͲֵռ֮أ
ңµ˺Ŀռѷ죬ʵ㲻˺ټϣԺҪգһ㶼գ
һһڳڷӿٴɵۣر񾳽ߣЩռѷȻ˺ҲٵܵӰ죬ѷ룬ʲôʩûвȡȴûܵһӰ죡
ô
һһŵž֮⣬ȵɱ˵Ҫ֣ɱУȻľͽǣ
УżвĿľ˳ȫ˵仰һĨײЦϵ˵㻹֪֮
ͬʱǴɱУѾϬƿա
͵ģ

տۣ

ɱУʩչġտۡ罾ҪȼһУȼյУŽ֮Ļܡ
ҲɱڿʱɱѾʧȥӰαҳȳˡ֣ĿͬĿģмԪ
俴ͬʱԳϳ֣ҪɱȥɿϵĿ֮󣬱ȵֹסҪѵ£ֹס˴̤ǰܣҪӳһѵҩĹص
켴˵һ䣬ųϣеģ
ôһ仰ľȣŵôǿ񣬳һɱ֮ǡ
俴ľȣЦΪˮǰ׶ȵģڳϣǧҪÿһŵĿȥߵ·ǲһ
ǻУ˼һ䣬ȴע˳ϣųӦǰǾƣ
ľƣԳ˵ķǳɣҪӾĥǼɱ֮ʱϼ֮һ汦塣
汦εƴɱУǳܹ乥ƣһΣȦոҫ֮ʱͬʱըȦһҫǱɢĽ֮⣬ȴ۳һֱȦһ㣬һʱͰ˽ȥڲͣȥ
״Ƕģ͵ĵģȫɱȫһ㣬¡ըϣα״ӳһһ㣡
䣡
ۣ
һ㣬ˡ
Ȼֻһ㣬Ȧˣ֪汦ܣڴˣҪԭûȫס汦ǣҲûѡ۳ȦΪһ汦ɢĹȦѾǵĺϹ֮ƣ
ȴܵ裬ϲѣɱٳٴʩչտۡһָţЦ
£žԼġտۡ⣬ûع˳һȣȭ


1389 ϴһţ
һһǧǿʱĿͬΪһһߣһ֮ﵽһǧ֮󣬡ȭܣʮ
ˣ֮෴ģŵġտۡȴǴˣȻŵĻֻ֮֮ȻһλٵĻ֮򣬲ŵĻ֮ȫȴҲʧ˽һ롣
һ֮ʧáտܴۡŵг˻Ҫģңһ˲䣬ȭ֮֮ɢɳ䣬ٵøɸɾ
ֻǧ֮һϢͻع񣬿ϧȻˣȭˡտۡ󣬾ֱϮؿڣһѪӿȴûµóӿס
ڡȭոջͬʱϾͼʮŶˮڰתααٴӳһ˵˷ҵĶ
켴α֮ǰˮܣ㵹αϣˮǹȻҲǴȻֻһȴαը˸ͷ棬αҪֿһԱȸղŻҪٱˮαд󾪣ͬʱһתȥ
һжڵʯ䣬αˣһзɵֳһγǹϵĺȥһ̣ǴУѳϵĵһ̱̱ˣϵֶΣԳλӰ
̣
ɵĺ䣬γǹȻش̽˳ϵĺУһͶûУɵˣ֮ǰΪ֮Уһ϶ϵƴǴ̲ȥģҲҪϣûкôαղûֵ˿ȥС̷һϣԣֻҪʱ䣬ŵϢսˣ͹ˡ
ǣһ̣Ȼ̽ȥˣȻ̽ȥʱ򣬷ɸоһ˿Ծ񲢲ǴѪ֮ϣɱϾǴ̽ȥˣĴûᣬɿɲŹ
Ǻɵ³һѪ˲γɣȣѪ̣ţжôŶֶΣϷ̴ܴĵ
γǹ˽ȥ
ȴûиоһûɣһǡȭֱɱһ񣬽˾žŰʮһ飬ǿԪˣǱܡ
ץסֱȥ˵ϴһţ
ã
ӦţŽעڷϣɴ˿̵ɫҪҾжңΪİγɴ̽ȥĳȣô͸˳ϵӣ̱˳ϵŶԣڣɸоγǹ̽ȥģһ޵ԨԶ̲ͷ
⣿
ʵɻһ˲۾ȻĿ⣬һѣֻҪܵõȳķ
ͬһʱ䣬ﻹȵܳܵסϷŭ𣿱
ˣ
ϵ˵γǹȻûը¡죬ϼ˵֪Ϊʲôܴ̽ҵ𣿡
Ϊʲô
ѿʵȴγǹ̲λһȦһȦˮ֮ƣ⣬ƺ뵽ʲô죬˵Ϊ̵ģȻΪ
˵еĳϣͻһΣڽռ䣬͵ǰһץȴһʽˮܵġڳӻһʱԭվǸطһ߹ǽ߹ǽһϢûɢʣһ
ϵצպþס߹ǽ߹ǽֶҲܣ߹ǽˣ˿ҲܶŻͷԷ˵̵ܴý𣿡
ųϵʣǱ߹ǽ÷ˣһٶֱӽҪķɣһ͸
ǿǳõƸ飬˵ʲô
ɾסˣٴֹס˳ƣҪƴɱţҲɵۣﻹһαһ£ֶ䣻һɱϵ񣬾ʩ˸һҲǰ˰벽
Զսļɵˣɸ˼ڿˮȴ۾ԺƴųϸղһʱĻ棡
л޵ɻ󣬡Ȼܹ鳬ΪʲôҪҵγǹУҪʲôɰ˼⣬뽫γǹջ˿̣Ҳղˡ
Ǳ֣Ϯɱ߹ǽǷɱɱ֮ǵס·ģɱ֮ڵķɱ׺䶥һգ߻Ųƣ۾𾪡
ɱȻҲ𾪳߹ǽ𾪵ģȴ⣬ųϣʵôҲռѭΣ


1390 ͸֮ɱ
ôҲռѭΣ
ɱޱȣռѭΡǶ֮˲ٹŵõһЩһγ֮ԵöӢоӢӳ˼û˵ô򵥣ΪҪõġռѭΡʲôֶΣԶɱĿ⿴˶࣬һ𾪣й֮޲
ⷽ棬֪ģɱȷɱҪ࣬ǰǶཫռѭΡĹ˵ģռѭΡжôײ߰˰꣬Ĳ㣻żµʱ䣬˾ȻˡռѭΡĵڶ㣻ƽʱûпʲôռѭΡ
ϻصûжã
ɣ
ɱʧ֮УʱԪȻ֣һֻСޣֱ˳ϣС޿Ϊɰ·һ˺ûУӳС޵ͬʱȷеЩ̣һ֣նɱ˴˵
ٴɱ
αһԥҲǰеĳһӵαһ룬һݣָʣµһȡ˳ΪɱϣαѪ
Ҳ𾪣ָǹֱ̳Զ

ɱʧУûκζ֮⣬Ǹûѡȥ֣Ϊʵ棬͵ģһСģͻᱻ˸ӣɲ֮ǰɰʮһ飡
ǸЦ˵ˮ֮͸
ʱɸоԾƲγǹγǹһܴܣγǹı棬ǴƳǹǹ洫ģӿ󰲡
ɷǳԼֱòֳһȥֵγǹϮĹʱڵ˵ţ͸ⳬк죿룬嵱ȻҲܣңˮࣻȻҲ͸
ȷʵܣǷ϶ӵСӵ٣һˮ֮ʴǣǶȹֲˮٶˮ֮򣬿ɲһˮ֮ɱȣˮ֮ˮٶ͸οһ
һ£ϵˮ֮ͨ͸ɵ˲ͽɵ֮͸ɴ󾪣Ѿ˷ʩֻҪסϢϢϾͽ⵽˵ΧԹ˲ϾҲתΣΪ
֪ķȴһϢûס£ŷԹ˲Ͼˣ˲ȥϣȫֵϵˮ֮
Ȼ򣬷һϵˮ֮Ѿӿָǹָǹ˲仯ˮɸоˮ֮͸ĵطҲӡ
֣ȴҳɣ͵֮򣬹ˮ֮ﻹ޺޲ѣϷھǧɺ֮򣬹֮գ󺣱أˮϷͲţǿ֮򣬻ˮ֮򣡡
Ҳ֪򣿡ҡͷǧзˮǧûںһ𣬶һһԵأգɢźܣŵ˵Ĺ
ͬʱĻҲûͣ£ڶԷ˵ţĶôҲֻ򣬶Ǵ죡Ļ뵽һɱУ죬ͽ֮γ򣡡
򡱵类ܳ˸ɸɾȻˣʣڹȷʵһ뷨򡱵ȷʵĳϣպ֪ҫֵز
ɵ֮ӿƺƵɱҪϵˮ֮𣬳΢΢һЦɽֻ͸ȥ
ˮ֮ײ֮ϣײ˸飬Ƿ˵ˮ֮ȴ֮㴦͸˽ȥߣ߳棬գ֮䣬֮ͱ͸һɾ
򣬳ɣ
һˮΪһ壬˵֮򱻳ϵˮ֮ǿ˽ȥɲǣɣѪ⣬ɵð
ǧԱ˲ҵģţԣ
˵ţ۾ľȻɵȥͬʱγǹ˳һĲɢȥָԭѪ⡣
סɣֻҪ˶̶̵ʱ䣬һǧΪһԣֱţż״֮ģȣտ
罾һգ˻
϶ţԺһȴûץסʱȣ͵꣡
ʧķɱ͵ŭ𣺡
ģǷɱõֱֱۣը˲䣬ɱλдɱ


1391 
ɱڸռռѭΡʱȷʵʧˣһǿߣôܳʱĴʧ֮Уɱ֮һΪԻϣΪ˻ʩչޱɱУ
ɱ
ϮģǷɱĴɱԪֻɰСޣɰСޣȷʵɰǣһֻ֮ޣ֮⣬̳Ը֮Ԫö֮ʩط
ԶһֱſɰС˼ǵĲ骣ͻȵpޣpޣԪӣǣЩ붾򽻵ߣ˼գôܶͽȫأ
ԪʦүĿɲֹһ֣Ǻö֣֪pޡҲе֪p涾ޱȣжµëж֮Ƕ
ĳһ־磬ֻҪpһۣж
pޡԺ˲Щͷţһųϴˣp޲һֻޣһ
ͽ
Ԫ֮ԣŭɶ벻ףڶ̶̵ʱڣ骾ͱѵôףԪ֪骱ӡҲͱɣ骲ȻҪ֪һУ˵Ա֤ϻ
ʢŭ֮£Ԫһ֮ƿֱϮ骶ȥҪն£ȴ˵骣Ҫڴ˶²Ҿͽpޣ㣡
ԣס֣骿ϲ¼ھѪƴһ㣬ǿȥһ̣骾ȥĳϻ᲻ᱻpˣڲ·Ѿ϶pޣ
Ԫ֮ǿŭѣpѾҧ˳ϵֱϣЦܺ𣬺ˮܹ𣿡
ȷʵ̹Ȼ˵
ԪЦ׼ɣܹ鳬أp޵ݣѾϷȳĵزһƷ׼ߵĳֻҪմȾһ˿˿Ľ֣Ѿע
˵꣬Ԫȥȵpģ
Ͽһҧֱ۵pޣûȥӦԷɱɱȥķ򣬲ǵȵλǺҪĴλá
˵Ҫ˾֮£ֻҪóһѪǳͲԶˣ
뷨ȷʵܺãɱҲܺã
Ҫ̽ɲǣϰһָǬһָ
Ǭһָħ似ô٣Сӣرǳʮ岨ͺƥֱ֮졣
һָ£ɱٲǰֺǻ߹ǽӣٴλָԭΣ߱ԭӣţһѺۣ˲ڷɱݺأڵһҲѣ
ôϲҾͳȫ㣡
£ɱӾͱˣֻʣһԪˣϽԪһ˵ս񣬽ס
ֱԿȥ֨֨ҧţͬʱ˵ϴ󣬻ܲУ
У
ЦǱ˵룬ϵ⺷ɱ¾ΪľӾǲһ̣УϱȽ¡
Ͻɱʰ㾫Ѫһ£ðϸо֮꣬Ŀ¶ȣ͵꣡

ţϵ˵ͷ˵Ҫ꣬Ҹһġ
ӳˮ꣬ʩչ͵ꡱ֮Ĳ㣬֮ǰˮ֮¶ûˮ꣬ɵˣԥҪУˮѾ͵ˣ
͵ˣȴûа㿪ģɲΪܹѪ֮ɫˮΪã˦ȴ˦
˦
һݣˮƴﻹҪܹշˮ꣬ҵʵ񶼽ҵĶ֣
˵һģȻǲˣطڿɲŹܹо˿ᡣ
˵꣬϶ԪϮǰġpġֵĶٸһϣʱ޾ӿȥ
ȻpġɢĶ֮ܣӺˡ
˾ǴԪϲˣܹõ⾫꣬p޾ٴνףĿ֮ľ磡
Ԫƴһѣ
α˵Ĺ£ҪȻȥ˵˵ˣ˷ˣ˷ǿɳܵģ㲻֪𣿡
䣬Ѿվαǰ
ǱߣĽգǧÿήǧҲܾˣȴٴιòƴˣ֮ǰ˳˵뷨ڣ뷨Ѿȫˡ
սѣ


1392 ˫Ϸ飬ӡ

֣αֻ³һ룬ʣµһ룬һǡȭ˻ȥαʩչľ֮ʱϽȭα޻֮
Ҫң
㲻ҪҸ㣡
˵ţϽ˳һʮϴѹεڲıʮһ£ϱǳת
αסתǳƴĵֿȡĻᶼûУαҲڲУϻҪαϺͷǱ¡
֮󣬳ϿŷϮɱţǽշŽ飬ֱϮϣŻţһΪһΪ𣬽ת
ϱҪԡȭ֮״ѹˮܣ˫ִ֣ÿһֻϣ˫˵һΪˮһΪ˫Ϸ飡
£֮ϷסǿŽ飬ˮ֮Ϸס飡
ȻϷôܣӲ˫׷ŭɣȴûõʱ˲˳ϸѡǣע۸ǿĹ򡭡
ò˵ѡ񣬱ϴͲ壬˫øӻҪԱ˫Ϸţűﻢ£ֻƴȥ
ϵעѾֱϵġpޡϣpޡȻȴǲϵӸҧƣڡpޡɢϢһ˿һҲ͸ȥ
ԶԪġpġܱһٰθߣȻߵԪ޷סĵزԪһݣԼĹ֮ţһͽΪһһ
ޣ
ֳһ͸ӣápޡʳpޡӴʱһ飬켴ȴ̶̵֮˱Ŀġ
ȻǷܲûӡؿƣţѾpޡջӡعpޡ۾¶Ի֮ɫһ˲䣬һͷԴԴӿ֮ϣš
ԪҲظо롰pޡ֮ϵڱϵжϣҲƲˡpޡԪｹѣֳ񣬼ǿǵϵápޡϷ
ʱǹ൱ڷӡϵ˲䣬ϵ𣬽ţϮȥǹϵҡҡ׹pޡ֨֨֨ؽгЩ񣬳Ϸֳɽ꣬û룬pޡ
Ԫһ𣬴ΪţתȨӿ롰pġе͵رʮԪԹ˲ϾȥһãԪɨȥÿ˶סˣαžͲ˵ˣ࣬ǸˮƵǱ
ֻһ˻ţǸԪˮϣץסһݣ˵ȵ칥ѾǣסˣһֲɱУɱֻҪɱϵıȫģǿĹҲȫģ⣬һɵ񡭡
Ԫټ˵ⷬ󣬼֣лЩɣɳǲɽˮˣԪɵȲȥɣֺ㣬ûᣬһʧͲУٲ֣Ǽֲסͱɣ춯ְ
һҲǣرЩЩܹԽɱ˵ĹȻĶ²ٳɣֻȥȻ֮ǰѾ֪˺ռѷ죬ԳϵӰ첻󣬵Ǿ˺ѷ죬֮ڳ֮ţһȻĽеĹֱ̳ϡ
ʱﴫ֪Ϊʲôһֱûж𣿡
һǣ𣬿Ԫȴݲʧٴδȳȵûҳ֣Ϊͳ֡
ЦˣûԭֻΪˮ֮򣡡
ɫѿˣ뵽˵ˮ٣
ȻһȫĹ֮𣬵ҪĹ֮ˮ練ƣϵںں˵⣡
īʯıܣܽˮٶסοһʱĽסˣˮ֮򣬻Ѫ⣬еһУ˼άסˣ

һ֮£ͽһˣֻһԪˣܣܴϲһֿҪ׵ĸоˡ
䣬Ԫ޼ƿʩгʹࡢʣȴַǳݾı飬ŭ𣬡ϷòģҲõpȥɣ


1393 ý
ԪҪһ˿˿ϵpޣ
ɾԪȳֵ˲䣬ϽӡءȫpڣpޱϿסԪһ˼֣p޶
ԪɱpȴǸܵˣعͷԪһۣ֮ǰǳ˰۾ȻޱȣĿȥԪĿ⣬ɫüΪѿ󺰵Ҫ
ԪҪΪ÷p޵ĿУѾ˶ǶȻ΢ڴ˿̵˵ȴѹյһݡ
ԭԪƴȫάסġpġp޵ĶͽƽƣƽһƣԶ
ԪеüΪǣǶ⻹Ϯ壬ʱpġٲܿƣɻԪһ涾ˣȴԼĶ¡
Ҳýˡ
ϵ˵һ䣬޼޵طӿȥֱһظסһƬڣ켴֮һˮ֮һɫڰףˮհ͸
ɲǣӸ˽ȥż²ΪΣֻ׼ӣԴɴ˺ȥ
Ȼиһɫű˸ţ۵˸飬ú֣Ҳ˶Ҳ²
ΪȻһȭֱеʧȥ֧ŵѪĩ裬飬ԪˣѾ޹⣬ȻһΪľʣԪˣٴηܣޱȸ˵£ȴأҪ׵ϢŨɢ
ϸоʵս񣬹ٸţ
õģϴ󡣡
Ԫ벷ܵĻش𣬸оĩյ٣ΪǸ۷ڣǲȥͬˣһۣȻײϧ֮У󣬲Լͬص˵ͷ
ҵѪģ֮еˣжｫԪأھĳʽܻش֮۳һˮڵĽӿƺƾ֮ŵսնɳϵһе𷢳նеǸն֡
һն£
ʱԪն룬ӱ֮ʣȫ˶ЩɫɫģζζĶһɢǵΧҲȴԪǰ׼ɱЧˣֻϧѾˡ
֣նȦܡµȫͬʱ䶢ųϣ΢΢ȣһʽӺδ֪
ûֱӽԪԪӸܣϴ䶾չ󣬲ŸܣԪһ֮ǰ骵Ĺ֮ҲȻȥ
ԪȥɲǣˮӲﴩ۾ôĿȫ𾪣оԼĻ꣬ǰһˣоԼĵʧȥϵԱá
ûһȥӿӵȴûǣһվǰ롰һУܲ˵ȥ
һ壬ȴˡ顱һ״Ľ֮ǽͭǽڣ˻˲䣬Ҫġ
䣬Ԫ˱ȡٴܵĿڣٴʹغֱҪսûдӳϵǿлعϮϣ˵սһܣ
⣬ǹɲܵζӿͷŮеţû뵽Сӣײиˣһһˡ
뵽⣬һģվôˣȻô죿ǰҪǳϲӦǿģڣôǿģ
ӱˣеֱܷ֮йȥ
϶ǽ뷴֮ǽӣתͷǳʯȥţЩҪʲôղǸٶЩʾõζ棿ʲôĴڣ
ʮһֻʣӡɡ㡢αϳǳαһԶͳҪ֮ȥɸҪӣȴΧľƣܲԾųϣأ
ˡ
αûлɣĽȻûģǣʵˣʵҪôң
㲻õģ㲻㻹дã
˵ţʩչԪڤ٣ԪڤôΪرڳҪʱΪֱǺܱղαϣһϢ䣬͵䵽ż
α̡


1394 ţǳж
αΪΪ䣬ģ˼飻Ӻ󣬵Ժֳӡ֮ʱαɵ֪롣
ȡαĴָֽйͷα˵ԺǾ;ͷǱ
ͷϲû뵽˵α˿ҲףĹӵԺ϶ҲкһĶǵΪǴԲʥ
α۾ɻ͸оһʹҪֱӸʹñѣʹ֮Уαô¶ģ˵һΣ
ģˣ
αʹˣæ˵뵽һ⣬ųϸղһ⺷αܵʹЩη˵ˣֻдԲʥΪĸģĸ񾳽磬Ϊ
ͷαͬʱͷ͡
϶˵Ӧ֪ΪܻܿģʱһһЩԸǣӦòѣͷæˣģһὫǱ󿴺õġ
һЦѡͷĿģǿ˺ͷģöϣͺѳȥȻͷ˽еİ취úͷ̽ȥģȫ³ΪǱԿϴǬ޺͵޵ޣ͸
ǣˡ
ϲѣǱҲǵԸϧޣѶ̫û뵽һأǱȻ˴Ļֻǣ뵽ԺӡЩȻ
úã⣬ǻɣ
ϵһ۾ѩѩģǰٱ׷ױžģϸǳŶ裬ȻҪǾ£ʮףƱҲǺҪģûвƱǳͲң·ϣ˵ˡ
뵽Ǳ˵һƣλȽϸߵģ粼ұȽϽġ
粼ңˣ粼ҵϢ
α䣬ͷһαĸƣϰ粼һѣϵͷȥ֮ĶԹһ¶ԼɵĿƣɵΪѾˣɳϻûиоѶȴΪӣû½ۣΪҲпʵйأԤϵǾͺˡ
ţߵɵǰˮ֮֮ع鵽ɵȴûΪ֮Ļع飬ϲѣʵΪʲôɱң
ûأ
תߣֱҪ֣Ϊ飬ΪȫϽŲͣȴ˵ֻͣüҲʱõģҵõģҪࡣ
ɲ׳˵ĻȴֹסҪɱе֡
㶢ųǽסط˵Ӧ֪ҪʲôҸ·ͷѣһûԶĲɵñȲţϹۣǸôˣҾȻȥ͵Ķ
֮䣬ǳǰץסǳʯһһעȥֱ˲֮󣬳Ͻǳʯᣬɽû
˿̣Ϻ֪ǲǰÿһǳʯôǧ᲻𣬡ǳʯȥأ
ϻǳʯؽ
ܾٵö𣿡ˮ꣬ˮ𰸣Ҫһµʱ䣬Ƚɵˮ٣ȫ֮󣬲ܽǳʯ
ϵͷˮȥȭͷȭǳʯǳʯȴû𻵣һܽǳʯֿǿǳʯӦܹİɣ
󣬳ȡǳʯȥ֮ûлǳʯҲû飬Щּ΢Ĺâ
֡תͷ˵䣬նǳʯ𣿡
ܡ
ɴػش𵽣Ȼǳʯųϣ֪һǳж𣿡
󣿡
֪ϴж𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ
һǳСģͨģҲϴô󣻶ǳʮһϴ޶ֲˣ
⵭Ļоӿ
ôǳУ޾ղĦ൱ߵֻʣôһ飬ʯͷǳĲ֣ڵңնңôٲпܣǳǰԣǣ
ǣ


1395 ԶĿ꣡
ǣ
ϵ𾪣εϣЦ𾪵ı飬ѵһ
һ̫ªˡ
Գ˵Цݣ˵֮߳㽫ῴܶδŵ飬һרߡ
ר
ٴξʣ϶صͷвӿʼġçɽ롶ɽйѭ֮⣬ʲôɽꡢǳܡнѪ֮ЩȫǳԼоģʹǡçɽ롶ɽ˳Ҳ˱仯
רߣǿ϶˵¥ţʵһǧ֮˵һʲôļ𣿡
һЦȴûֱԻش𣬶˵ȥ˾֪ˡ
ûִȥ֪С˼֪һǧ֮ʱе𾪣ȳǳ٣ࡣ
˿̣ϵ𾪣ѾרϣתƵǰǿ۵ǳʯϣǳҲԣԣ֮⣬ʲôԣ
ϸоԼģڴţ뵽˵ǳ֮ԱСԭһ˫۾͵ֱˣҲϴ޴ǳӴޱȣ޾Ħֻʣôһ㣬Ħж󣿾Ȼܹ
ͷת뵽ٱʱϢȵȶʱڿĦĻ𻨣ҲĦ֮ܣֻһΪӫ棬һΪ£ǳյǵâĦĻ𻨣
ãϼȥܹĦƴɱǡޱˣֿԵж
κ󣬳˵ӦÿԣֻĦܣҪﵽһ̶ȣ򣬺޹ԣڣôĦأ
̧ͷգǳʱٶȣԼľ飬ʱܽأһٶȣҪ죻һӦþˣԽԽãҪȻƮѩë̸ֺĦ
ʲô
俴óţǻеëȻĸоɳϻ֮һЦˣˣ
Ҫʲô俴ųϵĿⶢǳʯѿڶ㲻Ҫǳʯ˰ɣ
ǳʯû裬ǳʯ̡
˵ͻֹסˣǸʵġ֣Ҳϸ˻ȥԺػصһʣΪʲộ
ŷʳֵģǳɽꡢˮꡢлĻ棬ǳԣǳ˵ȻˣǳӦлɣ
뵽⣬͵ϣһֱţֱҹĻ٣ǳ˸ǰУѿǳ֪ǲˮǽɫԭһܹؿǲľ
ţֱ賿٣ճϻڿš
ʮֵĺ棬֪ϵ뵽ʲôȻܹôרעô񣬵֪òҪȥųϣԣӲѹסеǹǿ
һһ죬ȴ죬ճǳ󣬳ɽ꣬߰ٶҪǳ֮꣬ᵽξ磿
⣬û֮ǰԶ֪𰸣֪ǿ϶һɱ䣬ֲɱ䣬ϻعͷ񴫵ݳر֪ʲôĿһЦضԾ˵Ƿһ飡飡

Ϻͷһ仰þűͻ뵽ʲô󾪵ϣ㲻ҪǳʯɣҡҡͷһȴֳϵЦݣʵЩ졣
˿̣ϵ˵Ҫ̵ģǳǳֻǲ֪ǳ֮꣬㲻ǳϳһоʮ㡣
ף뷨õģʵ϶൱пģǳ֮꣬ɲ̵̾ģ˵Զһ㣬ն̸ȥ޾ǳ֮ꣿ˵һ㣬ǰһĦֻмɴСǳʯٲ˵һǳˡ
ǣǳϵһĿ꣡
Ȼ򣬳Ҫ⣬Ϊ֤жǿŵǣ㣬Իҵĵҵİˣҵֵ𣿡
ǣжԴȪԴԴϵģɺԵԴȪ
Ͽһۻھȫˮٵˮ꣬ͻػͷž䣬֮ϣʲô
۾
뵽÷˵֮ʱĳ˵㣬͵û˵
ҡͷȻ᲻㡣
ϳ


1396 棬ؾ
ʵ½Щ񣬱ӣҲڲ²֮ʲôǰοԼǣ֮󣬾ͻ֪֮ʲôˡ
˿̣ϵôҲƽȷʵǳ֪֮ʲôգ֮ϵľ磬ܲȵһϵе⣡
µ˵䣬һһŵŸΪ棻һһļ壬ҲһȣҲ棡֮ϣ棡
棿
Ͼ׽ţ֪ǻһˣǾԲ˵桱֣ϲһˣ˵˳
棡
ٴһΣ˾ȣ뵽һˣͼڴ½ϵ棬һ֣˵澳ǿߣֻһɺ϶ѣ޿棬Բȵһĳν
ȻЩɣãǵһֿܣ
ʮ½ţž䣬𣿡ʳȥϾЩð䲻ΪȻЦһ
һ£ֽŵ֮ǰˮһƴɱҵһСһЩ
յ𣿡
ҡҡͷյҲ֪
ûټȥȻϻ֪ôֵģ֪ʲôԣʲôֶΣ֪治յ㣬֮ʲôȻϺʾռںδһĿĽΪһ
ȵȵȵȡ
ϷһУ׵ġ
Щƣת˻⣬һ׼ȥ
Ǳߣͨһؼҵ·˼ѾɵԺȴش˳һиʣǱļңôϴ޵ģӼĻΪʲô·أǱߣһƬ֮ӦǼ֮ء
֮أ
𾪲ѣǴӼ֮سģǰ֮һȴ⣻ʦֺͷ֮ȥ˼֮أоԼԳϵЩˣϵܣһҪ࣡
ȴ͸¶ԼһЩϢʵûʲôϣ
ջ𾪣˵Ⱥˣƿûпܡ
ΣҶҪȥһԡ
һ룬̽˵ļʲô䣿Ҳҿ԰㣡
϶ž䣬˵֮ءĸ֣ɳϿһЦ˵Ǹطʲô֣Ҳֻ֪֪ƫƧǰң졢롢Խ
ƫƧ֮أȻƫƧĪǳԼ֮أоĳڣֻҪǻһϣһоˮʯˣʵûϢ
֮ǰһдܵľã
ܣȷǴܣҲ͵һʵɻΪʲôôķӦ˵ͷʵҲ֪ܣ
˵Ĵܣǰ˵ǸܣҾ֪ļңԲܹͨȥ
ģ
ϴϲܲƣ̫ģҪģֻǻؼңͷϵϲȴȥصǸطҪã
˵ٶȣ㹻ˡ
ꣿ
ü˵ģļңʱȥܣȻûʲôҲǳԸ⣻ǣͬһطأǰܣ
Ǻҡҡͷ㲻ȷҲȷԣһһ˵زԶƲˣȥһ˵ġ
Ҳֻˡ
˵ţǰڼ֮ģ˵ǳϿ϶ʱʯҲ˵֮·ؼң
һؾһλǿܶܶǿµģ֪ģҲôˣؾʲôҲһ֪ˡ˵Ϣţؾ
ʱеʣЦȻܹؾջ϶᲻٣
ۺ⣬ʥǼܹҵı֮ͷ˵ȥƳӦĿꡣ
뵽ϺܣЦϵĸԣӦò᲻ŶԣڣڰдŰɡ˿̣ϲڰţǱסˡ
ʱɿعǽ˽˵Χס֮⣬ûٶһ֮ѵˮȫˮٸգѪֻڸǱ֮ǰŨʮֲֹ
ϼ״ʵˣ


1397 
Գϵʻˮ˵ͷǸѪˮһ㷭һ͵ϢΧסǿǳʯϢ䣬ˮǷŵѪ˲˳嵽۷壬켴ͣ
ͬʱǿĿǰҲ֮ǳʯڸһ̣ϳ֣ǳʯգڳϵĵ鲢ûзǳʯû֮ǰǰ㲻ܱһΣǳʯ˳ؽ˴֮С
滹ŹŹ֣һ˵սĶһɽҲҶǣսǳʯ֮󣬳ϸоһѹУܹܡ
ˮֻǽǳʯôһ죬ѪȻ˽֮һѪɫҲ˲١
Ȼһ٣ĵľȻˮѪ֮ͷЩǳʲôǳʯ΢һ˼֮󣬳ápޡ³һЩı֮ҺּһЩҩģˣ𶾵
һŶܹʴѪ⡢ȵ֮⣬ϻɲǷĶЧ˽ȥԪڤΪĹЧ
˶ĹЧںһģܹҲҪ֮ɳ϶辶ǰҩľ飬󷨽ЩЧνһ塣
ҲԽŵҩŵҩΪÿһֹЧáһľ󷨸棬һеĹЧһӵ
ʱ䣬٣֮󣬳ϲŽЩȫ̺ãžŸʱ֮󣬶ɣϲûоʹ˽ֽŨŨ󷨣棬ˣһʱȥ
һ֮󣬶ɣһԿһŶ˭ΪһӰ񵤣˵˵
һŶȴӵ֮ɴȴǳ֮⣬ڳϵʶתˣȻԶˣⷬ⣬뵽ΪΪԻˡ
һӸͷ˵ȻأţֻҪ´˵ͲǵĶˣڣ𣿡
ͷ۾⣬ʣԺͷԣǱ˫ȣȴǽסһȷˣԲܺʹ˶Ͻ˵һһܡ
ϵͷص˵㿴ˣʲô뷨
صüͷţ˵ʦ𣬵Ӻɻ󣬸оʦָ֮䣬ͽֲͬҩԣ˵ҩĸһ𣬶ңûбˡ
һЦ˵ѧѧ󷨣ܹҩ棬֪ˡ˵ƽصȴǱݺݵУжԣôܺ󷨳ϹϵңҪҩصȻ𾪣ȴһոµ·Ľ£ʦ˵ĵǰһпΪ֮
뵽Щص̾ѣ治֪ʦôģȻ˼룡
ʵҰ·ӳ޳ǣΪŵĵӣŵôпܣͲҩľ뷨ˡ
Ϊ֪ηֱˡ
ͨģǾ䲻ͨǿ϶ûҵͨ㣬¶룬ʼΪʲô϶Թص˵ص׽ģһݣ˵ʦ̻塣
ֽģѾڻ󷨣˹صǿһָصӹΪԾʦȥô󷨣صɲ֪ÿһȫѰȻǷǳ֮ࡣ
һеʱ򣬳ܻս֮⣬˵Ŀ⣬ڳϣֻþηĿ⿴ţûȥɨ󲿷ǲң
ʱ˭Сһ˴ʥ
骣骻֮УϽpޡݸ˲骣ϲȥӣɻûнţ骾֣Ϊ骿pſ죬Ҫҧָ
骿ɲΪԼ壬ܹ볬ȣ֣p޵һСͷȻַ˳ϵļĥͷ
һ㶣켴׹ɿЦp޿϶ˣΪӡأΪp֮ͨȻʲôá
ɣҸ
˵ϲѣpѾҪˣܹ˵Ŀǰ൱Ҫģ骽ӹָм
ϵĿ⣬ڶǽ֮ǽ


1398 ޿ײ룬
Ҫ˵УʲôֲʣǺڵһĲĽ
Ʋѵľƣǳղܵ챦ŲԸ̤С
ǰų׷ҪϸɱΪˣϻһ汦ӣӣһΣϽ֮󣬼ûܵʲôѣˮʱ˵ԶԶ
ǽ֮ǽûһۣ֮ϵĿֱֱţκ󣬳˵ʶ˵𣿡
仰˾֮⣬ǴΪԾѣ֮ǽ棬ûдҲûڳϵԺֻԶƮһŽ
нһɢ顱ҵ죬ɨ۶ȥȴˣڽ֮вûˣиӿ϶Ǹ²⣬ǳһӴϵĿ⣬£İ㺰Ҫɱңˣҡ
˿̵ĳˣϵĽɫ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ǰڳ˵УССһֻɽ˱ΪϸˣʮзһڣظоԼһֻϣֻϣз̵Ŀܡ
ų˵ģһЦռ˶ȻΪȻûȻķŭȻ˸߰˰ˣûһ˳ˣǶŽ֮ǽ˵Ȼҡ
ƴսӣҲɶŽ֮ǽ֮һתԶƮһŽأûн棬վڽ֮ϣ·ӭ͹һ㡣
֮ϣվŵȻ
غȴûмʱо˲²⣬˭аӼ棬˵ݣܵó͵棬֮սʱֳľֹ˵ľϲ
֤֮£ﻹ˲װǸˣȻһǽ֮Ȼڳ֮ǽҪˣǾ͸ˣ˼άܽڰеǶץȻҲڽϡ
Ȼӽ̤ųȻһЦ켴һˣ˿ΪȻ磬ͷģͷûпĵȥʹӳ˵Ϲιιȥʱ򣬳˻Ǻǰǰģȳ˵۾һת˵ӣȻըһ˿ٴ档
˫һݣ˵͸
磬޿ײ룬ƤǿףȻ̹Ȼ˵ûбЦţˮ磬ôһ¶޿ײ룬ﲻﲻߡ
˰㣬һ֣̽ײض룬˲䱬ѿһǧ׵ӺȻǰȻ˵һæģû뵽ȫˡȻԲȥʲôڣ֪Ϊʲô˵һ˵һ£˵лл㣬ҪȻһסأ
ɰҴæǸʱҪһֻҵĴǺܲҡ˵꣬ü両˼֮ɫ˵ҸоҲӦпף
ԣȻҲһݣ϶ص˵ͷ켴˲Լͬ磬˽ȥȻûд֮򣬿ɳϴӺڰеԭȻ磬ˮ֮͸Ӧڷϣ֮Ѿɷ磬Ϊһɷ磬ֱ˴ˡ
絽Ǻ˵Ľ֮ǽһҡҪɢҡάϢ䣬ʧˡ
Ȼ֣ͣӶԣЦˣȻҡֻϢѾ˵ȷʵſףֻǣʵ̫ȫ͸֮ף˺ɢ
֮¶һ־ֵӦû֣𣿡
֮ǽȻûֻԶַһŽ棬ҡźˣ˱ǲѣҪ֪ǿڳϲµУȴȻ˳ǾҪģڿ֮󣬲һӾûˣһϲ
µýź칧šˡȴǺӵغˡ򡱣Ǳߵӣ⣬¶ɫڵļֵϽãϹϵǴеĴ
֮գգ
ʵҪʲôףûа׵õĺôΪЩˣǰ룬ȴûΪᣬеãϾ֪Ҫõʲô
֮гɫǽ֮ǽȴǷֳһʣó߽ȥȻ¡˶Щ߽ȥпܾͶ
㷲ϣ۾ڵľϲʱ俴϶Ǹ䡱֣ɫ䣬һֱȡϵ
ȡĳϣǰ


1399 Ҫȵ
ϲڰʱҲ۲䣬Ҳֻ֪ǿȴ֪ͷųһд󾪣ָ֪֮۷ʵɡ
ɸ𾪵ǣϾȻǰ˽
ϵ𾪣й֮޲ųϣһҪ
ϵ˵ͷ
һ˲䣬뵽࣬ȴֻʵΪʲô
Цڲá
Ժأ
ɣ
ϼᶨ˵䳤һʮֵزַһҪϵ仹治֪ΰǺãҺã˵ĸ֣ͬʱţǲǳ֪ʲôԲҪʱ֪Щʲô
ոӹһٵϣǻûԭصģ͵ᵽɤۣΪɡĽΪΪʲôһҪɱ˲²⣬ĪǴģ
֮УѾԪڤٽϸȻϾ鵽˴޾ĸоΪϢ֮䣬͵˸߽ʥ֮
ţȡѪһ˲֮ɣ
Ͻųϣո߸ϵ˿ȴΪūͣǰūģǴδ֮ϽѣΪƾʵܹưһȴûϵưһ룬һ̣Զˡ
ϴ¶עٴηȫɽγɵĵϣɣҲУЩȫ͵ǰһʾãвȻ֮ǰˮʱη֮״ƴϲܹȫɢ
һ˵ܹȥȻأĵӹصЩǲ֮˵ģңҲ̽һ̽һΣСڡ
⣬ٵڣû¶ɱ
̤֮ȥȻԥվڳԣصµˣҲȥȻҲ⣬˵Ƕͣ°ɣһȥˡ
ȻһЦʲôû˵ǹӼᶨһţ˵Ҫ֤İȫҵʹ
ʦ𣬵ӡ
ֹǼ˵ȥֵۣ֮ҲһȥӦôԣ뿴ۣ֮Ȼܵһɳ˵֮
һû¶ġ
ϰοˣһ̤֮һ̤ȥǽֺ£ԿĻ棬֪
üͷýʶռѷ춼ܽ˵˴һǿΪʲôû˵أһʲôĴڣ֮ۿʲô֮Ҳʧˡ
Ȼۼʱ׼ţֻҪвͻȥƴʯ٣ǶôͬʱȻ۲ġס
ˣҲ׼ţϣɶͬһϵƣϳ£ȻҲܲˣûбϿסķɣȭͷҲý
֮Уһ·֪ͨδϵɢ˵ûб𣬿ȴʲôҲ̽鲻ǧ֮дĳ˽ǽ
֮ǱֱģػأֱۣЩһ󣬼󷨵⣬ҲƲ֮Ķߡ
ԣ嵽˺δ죬˵أһ֪ʱĸҲģտʼϲûʶһ㣬֪˶ãϻһȻʶʶ˲䣬дΪ𾪡
ܹӰʱ󣿡
϶ʱһֿʶ֮󣬳Ͻ߾ȫסĽ֮ȻףҲҪպ˵óͬǺ嫵˸Ⱥǡ
ͬʱлԴʱⱻ֮Ӱ죡
һƣʮϵǰڲһ޼ʵĽǳһѨѨ֮ԱΪʳ֮嶴ǣ
ǰСĶѨŨĽЩڷ澿ʲôҲǲ֪ȳߵǰͣסӣ洫ܲ
ûӦŽģУ㾹ȻܱѣȻҪȵˣˣҵȵˡ
ҪȵˣңϷǳ졣
㡣
ϰ¾ȣʵʲô
һ
ûһϲֻ۾гһ죬˵˵ҪҸʲô
ң
㣿Ͻ䱸


1400 һŵһ
ͷųĽֵˣôܾأûдسŵԳ˵˼ú̫ڲ¶Ȼ󣬻Ǵ󣡡
ٷƽϢ־üΪ£ûзȥ룬Ȼһ۲ġסһǣϵУžʮǳ˸ۿø͸
ܿ죬ٴ˵֪ܳΪսأ
һ˼
ʱ򣬽ִ˵һ֪ؾأ
ԣͫ͵طŵеǳ֮⣬Ҫ͸۶˵֮ǰǸóȡĻһûа취ܾ
ءǿ䣬Ҳܽʥпҵ֮Ҳòƶԣǣܲܳɣ޴ӵ֪
ȴƶܹ룡
һϾûѡˣһУǿʵȵȣΪʲôΪ˻ؼңΪ˱ļˡˣ
һϾͲٹҶҲȥǵѣֻҪؼҵ·˱㹻ˣԣֱʵ㣿
Ц𣬡һΪҪѺܶ๦ȴûϵɾʹӦˣ⡣Զһ£ֵҪңڵ㣬ģȻʵЩǿǸƴҲһĶ֣ǣھ˵㻹̫ˡ
һΪĻһȴǳ͵뵽Ҫȵסˣһֽô
УҪһڣøĴۣ
˵Ҫһŵ
ʲôŵ
֮ʱٵҡ
ݣѾ׼ȴϵõôһش𣬳һʵҴ޷أ
һܵġ
Ϊʲô
ǸоѣѾ˵ȻŹȥԣգǱ룬һ

ȴüȻ͸оԼǸԽԽȻʲôòˬ˵˼˵ҵõЩʱһ˾עˣ
ǵģ
ˡЦţд׵Ϻ˵ҲʲôҵˣֻҵУҪҵˣҾͣն
նն·𴥾飬˵ôննҾͲɽʱģ
ɻȴ֮Ͼֵڳŵˣܹյʱȴ㣬Σ
ȻӵĹ۲죬һسŵˣǣ˵һ㲻أΪ˲ĵȴò׿ϣΪӰãԣҪ
ʣ
̫࣬ǸȻľ͹ˡ
У
϶ȻһߣϸûнȻµʵȨߣϲǷôһ飬ŵǡ
㲻õģҲΪ磬壬ǾϼѵʣֻҪʮ꣬ӣԽ񣬳ɾ棡˵ҲһңΪ֮󣬻Ϊһ
У
Ȼ֣˵úΪȻ˭ְ֪ʲô˼ֻڽ̵֮ʲôǾͺȻϲ
벻У˵㡭
ҾͲŵƲˣҲ·ȥ˵꣬Цűңҷ˵ͲǾ㣬Ҫ
ÿĿϲһ䣬ֽ֮ǰ˵˵㣬ȻҲ˵㣬ҪȻ˵㡣
׼Ȼ֪ȻⷬԻӦ˵Ϊֻǡ֣͹ˣǣϵĻû˵꣬һϤڶߣϣԸ

϶ȻתȻǰ˲䣬ϱһжǽźõģȻЦϣҿɲΪ㣬ʮܳΪԽĴڣôõĻᣬôܴأ
ǡ
Ѿˡ
Ȼᶨ˵Ͽ֪ôȰ˵ҲãЩŽҲǶôҪһͷҾͰ𣡡
仰Ȼʪ˲䱻紵ɣ
ظһ¡ꡱ˵ŵɣ


1401 
ҳŵ֮ǰ˵ܹ֮󣬶㣡Ϻ޺޳ŵûһЦգͲõʮʣȻҲ̸ʣӴˣŮ
ϲδ㿪֮գֻȵ˵
ֻܹҵһɾų߾Ŵ糤һһһܹܵĿ飬ܽս֮·
˵ջϵģһֽ潫Ҫ˵ģɾǽİ취˳ϵĶ䣬أϵüͷ
ʮӺ󣬽ſܰ˵ȥɡųŵüͷЦ㲻û˵٣һҪȣôẦأ㲻ǺԼ𣿡
ϽŽ˵һжܺɳܾһ˿˵ָоŲ⣬ͻƵ
ָоԴ棬ȴûмȥģ֮Ǳ߽ʲôһƬǲǾżƬǵĻ
ЩоͲɼ滹ȻʵĴۣͱóתȻ˵Ȼңһᾡġ
ȻһЦȻû˵ʲôһ˼ˡ
תͷŽ𣬡ȻҪʲôʧ˵
İɣֻҪŵԣҲŵԡ
ҳȥ·ҪҰ󣡡
ûţ˵һģˣ۳ʵ壬ȴƫƫܿ壬ڣ֣ûм֮飬ֻ˵ʲô㣡
һ󷭹̶ϰٸССĽŷ˳ɢȥ涫ϡﻩصһأ϶ۿȥɫ䣬۾е֮ɫŨЩȫƬ
Ƭ
ͳϴ߿ƬͬһƬ
ɨȥһٶʮһ飡
˿̳ϵУ֮⣬𾪣һΪǳģӼ絽ͼڴ½ٵϴޣҵǽһ࣬ҲͲôʮ飬ҪϺͷںͷһʣӿ
ϣǰһһٶʮһ飡
Ŀǰ֪ǳֻоʮǳһٶʮһ飬ⲼˣϿŽЦϴ޵õƬȫеõģǰҶЩƬ̫⣬Ҳ֮֮ˣԣ¶ƬӦûв١
ڽͣУϽһٶʮһƬȻлŽ᲻Ƭֽŵɻ󣬵ɻǡ
ʱ˵ЩƬ㲻
˵УоŽ£Ķ֮󣬳Ͽȥһδ󾪣ǾſͷĿ鳤ģ̶̵ȴֺܿ
𣬡ſͷڵõǸͷĳ󷨡
󷨣
ϵɻҪŨжŨѿʵЩͷ˭Ĺͷǲǡ˵͵ס죬ȥҪ˵ģЩͷǲǽĹͷ
֪룬˵ЩͷôҵģЩͷƬǺʱµģҲ֪һڻԵʱǲģȷʵڲ֮˭㻹֪һãʱ֪̫࣬һ¡
ûзŹͷƬմȾ𣿰˵֣֪Ͳ֪ʲôϵ
һĬκ˵˵Ҳ֪𣿡
š
ֱӻصεЦЦ˵֪ʱȻ֪ˣҵĻ㲻ţҲûа취ڣǷ⣬ջ񡣡
˵ˣҲپſͷ𣬽ʵ벻ǳʯǳʯӣ
˵أ
һ䷴ʣЦǰ˸ĳ֣һַһķ

ǰе𾪣ûг𾪣ڼ磬һз£ƵģǡԷҲǳԲѣصڵһΪ˷ڳϻǳ佫ʱΪķ𣬾׳һξѪơ
֮ɷǷȡԼգ
Ȼ˵õһбƳ˷Ҳ˲²⣬зĴڣǣȥҲû˵Ϊ³Уȴϣ˿ǡʵĶ
óܲ


1402 Ҫѧ


ţ˼תǧأʰбΪɺϣνϵǷҷҵУ
ȡһִЩģŵռĳ͵뵽⣬ͷȻȻ˵𣿡
ûС
Ȼҡҡͷ
תͷŽ˵ֻҪȽЩܹĪܣЩڷǲҲ
ǽΪ
ûлش𣬷ϰ¼еģ˵ͷ˼顰ҪʲôҪ˵˻ȥת˵飬˵Ļǰ֪
֪ˡ
һףô֪ģ
һշˣһڷĲб
б
ϳ˼֮ɫǲļ磿
ǵġ
ļ磬Ҫбôأ˰죬Ҳͷϳûʵ½꾿ʲô£ʲôܣ
Щ⣬ˣҲ֪ˣһһɻѻܾúܾˣ˵ꡭ
˵֣ͻػ񣬲˵ȥŭĿ⿴˳һۣ·ڹֳĻϼ״̾һϧ϶˵ȥˡ
Ȼתȥ˵ӣһķĳеģҪܣ㻹Ҫѧһŷ

ҪѧͱҪȻ
ϲɰ˫ۣǻɡ˵֣֪ޱȣǣҲҪʱȥŶԣ֮ΪζĳŵΪؽټգ͸֮һ·Ҳûʱ䣬ҪټһǾ͸ûʱˡ
ţ˵ҪӣҪַҪǳʯҲҪѧҸģ
϶Žû֮ǰһֱޱȣ˵ĸоһжĿ֮УֻкҲ֪ϰӽʱЩʧ񣻿ɼҲڣϸоЩУǵҪóѧһ
ͻأһЦұҪѧ
ǵġ
ѧУ
У
̵ĻشЦݸʢʳʵ⣺Ҫҵǲǻպʱõ
һ㶣켴̹Ȼ˵̫ˣ˳ԺҪңǷǳؼһûз;ȲңңķҪѧ÷ǳǳҲУ
Բʵûʱ䡣
ѵ㲻ѵ㲻ǳʯȻѧйأǣûҪö࣬ͱ˵ܹײǳʯǷռ˼Ҫأѧ˷ʵޱȴĺôԺҪԽɱˣǸ൱򵥵һ¡
Щ뵽ˣҪ˵ԡĶǼٵģȷʵûʱ䣻˵ѾŵˣҪûз;ȲңѵȻԶʣԣûʱ䣬㶼Ҫѧѧһ·ƬʱҲ˷ѵˮ֮һʱ̲ͣҲԷûиож౿㶼Ҫﵽľ磡
˵󣬽ЩЪ˹ˡ
Ϻᱻвڣòв˿̣ȻߣôȻԶʣȻҪ˵˵ãѧ
֣¶ЦȻ۾ٴʪ
ЦţһŽһؼ˳ؼķϣֻż򵥵ġ֣ؼ֪Ǻβɣ֮У˸оҪࡣ
Ͽһ£Ҹϸһ
ĺܼҲĺ߾磬ԣǳϸظϽΪȻȻ򵽡ľ裬ȴǽдĻȫԺ
һһһǣһ£
棬ѾȵòͷˣѾܣսŨҪȥȴ£ҲǲѣȻڳϽȥһ󣬾ͱ˽ȥڷʲô˭Ҳ֪
ȻųϱΣ
һ֮󣬽ؼϽһ飬Գ˵ס𣿡
ûлشȴʵԷôҪѧʲô


1403 ֪
ҵķҵķҵķϵʻһظ飬Ц
Ц񣬿ȴſζԳϢޱߵĺޣЦ˺óһʱ֮󣬽ƽϢƽ˵Ҳһ죬ҵķ
̹Գ֮ųϣһ˵ģؼصģ㶼𣿡

ǰЦûкͽ̧ܣص˵ͷ¶Ц·ղŵЩЦδֹһ㣬ջ˸ϵؼ˵Ļܲģʱ֪ˣǵĳŵҲôӦ¡
ԥһ£ʵܷʱİ취罫һϢһʱûֻ۾ֱ㶶ųϣޱȵʵô뷨
̯̯֣ε˵˵ҵʱ䣬ܲãʱ佫ұƼˣˣҾͺ˼룬ˣ뷨ˡ
һŴԲʥĳϣ˵ѾǴԲʥǿǧҳڿޱȣʱԹãңֻҪϿһ񾳣ڴӣϲʱ䲻飬ϵı֣˵αأһΪʲôʳϵҪʲô£ǧ£ôܲ
ʵ֪䣬Щʣͻõ
ûм̻شȻųǺ˼ģʱ򣬳ʳ;ǺʳģӦеķʸһ֣ʵǲǷʲô
浽Ĺ֮УҸоʱ䣬µʱ䣬һ˵ûϣ֮ɫܸо
ǰҲ֪ҷֺмʮ졣
һԻûбܿȻȻţ췽ҹ̷һ㣬оʱҲָоڽеʱ䣬ʱĸıˡ
ٴ¶֮ɫȴ˵ҵǸ󣬶㲢ûô˵ĽһϢһʱֻӰ˵־˾ʱ䲻һˣʵʱ䣬һģȵʱ߳һǣˡ
϶Խⷬʮţص˵ҪҵΪ˸õؾȳ㣬ԣĳ˵ǲҪͽҽ󷨴ң
ֳĬˣкüӵӣ˵һƻСӣȻҪҸˡ켴һƤӽзɳ
ϿҲδֱƤ𣬵սƤ˲䣬뵽ǿǳƤ˵֪ǳ𣿡
֪
شĺܸɴ࣬û⣬ʵ֪𣿡
֪
֪ˮǲΪƵģ
֪
֪ϵˮףʲô𣿡
֪
һĸ֪ȴûзʵ˵Ǭ𣿡
ǡ
Щ쳣˵֣ȴת˲ָֻ֮ǰΪȻ˵Ǵ˵ģǬڵɶȥô֪˵һ
¶ĺܶƣ뿴ܷӽеõһЩߣȷʵЩڱǰˮףǾǴƣڽǰȴװף֮ǰ˵Ļʲôļ磬ʲôʲôս֮࣬ϱף̤𣬾ͱܼʲôһ
ղŽĻش⣬Ȼʹջ˿ڣѸȷǬڿ϶ڣֻǲ֪ںεأûֻǵ˵һ䣬ҾӦ֪˵һǬڡ˵֮ʵô࣬㶼˵֪רĹһܸ֪࣬һЩʲôɣ
Ȼ󣬳ϾֱֱŽ֮
ȵȣ롣
Ͼվһԣʽǡڰ㡱ʲôʲôϵûʣֱ֪ͬ֡
ʱ֮󣬽˵ҴżǵһЩԼĥĥ⣬ҿɲܡȰԼƲ˸˸ɸɾϵͷûϵ˵ɡ
ȷʵûйϵôǿȫҵģ
ֺͽ˵ġ˵ϽÿһֶǵεģҲ⹦⣬϶ҲܸһЩ
ŵͬʱһο϶½ϵˣ˵ǽʷʱڵģ½ϵˣ


1404 ֪ɱ䣬֪
Ͻ֮󣬱׼ȥҲʲôջ񣬽Ļɲô׵óģǣǽоڼǡʱȼǡʱרע̫࣬ЩǣûųߣǴ˺ܶϹڡ⣬Ҫϱϻش򣬾Ͳųߡ
ýˣЩȵǣ϶Դ˽ٸ֮󣬽⣬ҲͲټȥ˵ҴӦ飬ͻᾡȥá
˵꣬ߵȻǰĿͣᶨ˵ҡ

紵󣬷Цտİɣʮ֮ҿǱҪ棬ʱɱ򲻹ң
һ㾪ϲġ

ˡ

̤벽ֻعӣ˵һ£𣿡

Ȼػش˵ʵ⣬ᡰһڡУѾȻסȻЩ޴룬ֻ֣֪Ǹþţǽϸرš
ڣȻ뵽תĻ棬ųϣֲ쵽һ룬ϷſȻȻһֳֵۣĽ֮ȥͷҲأȴ£Ȼչ˺Լҡ
ص֮ȥټųϵӰȻȴûлصùЦѾˣԽַˡȻԼǾڿУӵƵ˫֣һ˲ʲô磬ôߵĺΣлߵǿ졣
뵽˵һ仰ϵĺθˣϢȻ֣һضԽ˵ʼɣҸ
ھͿʼ
ǵģ
֮壬СӻиҸ㣬ܺ㡭һɱ䣡ɱ䣬Īô˵òף岻ȻøǺͿҺͳᷢɱ䣿
ˣڿʼɣʹоĿʼ֮ףȷʵпףȽо͸ŽȻǰһʯͷģĽ
Ȼ˷磬ŽʯɢȥɢȥĹ֮Уȴ֮ɫϣ֪Ļ治٣Ǭڣô֪ǬڵģѵǬʲôϵʵǿɴģҪƵֻҪƵܡ
еĽʧˡ
ϻڽ֮д󣬽ûŪһֱֱĵߣȻɽϪƣϸо߽ĵ
ƽʱϿ϶óڽкúоһ˵󣬵ڵĳϣǹƼȥֻܵ࣬ǽ֮ӡʱһ·񱼡
Ȼڼʱŵӡɳȴ˼ڳϼµʮʱ򣬳ϻͻһͣôһϢ̶ǿ񱼣ȴţ룬Щ֮ǰоӺζˣ϶ôؾûƣս˵ȥҲ㲻̫ѵ£Ƕھ䣬߾˵֪Ĵڣ֮п϶Ҳƣ㲻ƣ϶ҲȥоǣһжûУ˵ʲô
ڿҪնɱ֮ʱϾѿ϶Ĳ²⣬Ǵ߳ģ˵ļ磬ĳһ½ҲֻΪˣ֪֮ʲô֪ǳԣ֪֡
֪մȾ򣬻ʲôɲʲôܵסһؼҵ·ߵʱ򣬵ǵľƣֹ̫ۣûǸǸӵĵ
ҹҹʱʱ̵̿˼Ѿ⣬ʵܼԽȻŽ䱸ͱ硰˾֮⣬᲻Ŀģ
񵱳洫һ㣬ҲĻ죬˼ĵ᲻Ҳǰ˼
֮⣬ѾѹסˣΪԼЩˣ˳ţҪɱȥһü˵ٵһ죡
һ죿Ƕ˶ˣôˣûϢܴţ˵ԺǵӡȻûʲô仯ҲһԣҲܡ
ھԳǸǴţҪԵ飬ҶþûгԹˡ

Ⱥ𼤷ߣ˵˵ٵһ죬ٵһ졣ɢ켴һƬžѻȸ
Ǳߵ£Цš
ٵһ죬ǳмµĵʮ죡
һʱܿȥھԽ֮ʣ֮ǰһ̤˳˶һ㶣ϲȻ֮ɫ
˶ãʳһ⣡


1405 ϶²⣬
ڳϼʣȻЩͷԣȴһڱ˳һʮ죡¼ǵüΪǿһһӹġ
ͳһмһӣȥ֮ʱʮ죬֮ʱ˾žʮ죬м䴫һ֮ڣټϸոսǻûвʱı仯Ҳһʮ졣
ʱȻǺˣɳȴܾЩ⣬Ӱ־˾ʱ仯𣿡ǣҪˣαһأǲǶһ
Ҫͷ£׼һ£ͳֱɳϵԺȴһ⣬ڽ֮УҲڽ֮Уһܵʱ仯Ӱ죬Ϊɶֲܣ
ôһ֮󣬳ͨ͸ˣ۾䣬ֻоΪߣҪûиоĻ˾͸˵ˣϿ۾Żɵɫ
⣬Ѿ϶Լղ룬˾Ųʮˡ
һߣȻĻ죬ֿܲ˰ɣԳЦȴûаֱʾϾǻ֮ڣڽļӷΧ֮ڡ
ϵ˵ߡ̧ͣ£ЦݽӲϵ˵Ͳˣˡ
ϵĽӲ֮ɫ͵ȫ˾֮ǰƴŲӣҲҪǿ϶Լдãһֱز٣򲻿ȱġ
Ȼȥһ֮󣬾ȫı̬ȣϴţܻڣȻһ֮ҪȻˣ󺰵ҪʲôҶȥ
ˡ
ϵ˵֮ǰϣ޷֮Ѿ˽ߵƽ֮ѾòˣȻͼʲôĿģҪóٻˣ˵Ƴؾ취ʱẦ
ЩȻ⣬Ȼɻ󣬿һֱϮϵΪϣȻӲһ֮ʣʲôҲ˲ˣԳϺˣңҸһܡ
ΪȡԼĳ룬ȻϸΪȴϮƴȫ³Ѫ߶طӲƶһ磬δеŭž䣬˵ΪʲôҪأ
Ϊ
ѵĮŻһϮϿֻţˣ㲻֪ˣǡ
ȻֹǵһΪϮ뵤ࡢüλã壬죬òʱ򣬳춯áǵξѪ
ɱϣȴûһϸղ˵Ǿ仰Ҳô֪ģ
ɻţԳ˵˵һ䣬Ͳٶ໰
仰ڳ˶üͷǶһȨߣǴû˵ʲô˵ʵߵԣҲˣʵôߣܹһնɱ񣬲һδҪ˵ʵߣ˭Ҳš
ȻľԼԼã½ϣǲ۷Ĵڣ滹ˣ
ϵһЦ˵ҴӦ㣬Ȼͻȥһˣʱ֮ɻ󣬲ͶˣһЦϣ԰뿪ЦĿ˵һ䣬ҿɲΪС
ҲǻǷ𣿡
˵ʱӴоعĴ˿ȷʵֻгһˣһǰʣСӣȻأ
һ˿飬ӿ飬뵽Ľ֣ҪնϣճһͽסӺŮȻһƬ
иɻ󣬸оϲˣ˵ǰȻû¶
û¶
ϵ˵ӣȻȫ˵˳꣬׻ϲããã
һá֣˶ˣһĳϼ˵úôȻҪãҲĶ֣ҲҪƴһƴ
ϵ˵ͷ
˵֮䣬ѾɢȥˣɢӰ٣һٶȣȥ֮˵⣬϶Ժͷ˵ǿˣúð£סǱ֮ѰƬƣ
ȡ˺ɫƣʵԽ֮ʱҲһʽɫƵģ뵽һɫСһģ´Ӵ˶ǣСס뷨ϾһΣ׷˭֪
ҲҺóûóɫƣȻ֪Ľ֣


1406 Ƭ
ͷǱѰƬҺɫƣչǱ±ȥˡ
ص콫ϴޣɳػߣһΪͣһػ߶ˣȻٲܴ棻ˣϴֻʣȥ콫۽ôĲţȷʵΪͬȥģź֮⣬з񣬻һԲʥпڻѩ¹˫ͷǵڶޣɵࡢء骵ˣЩ˶ӡȻΥ֮콫
ҪҸȥǷ¼֮ѾӵķۣҪ״̵ȻҾܾˣ˵ڣŽߡ
һȥշǳҪˡѵһ飬Ҳ塣
ã
ӦҪӼ״ﻹӦһУ˵ȫ֮ΪѰƺƬȻҲִеס
⣬һͬ·ģо䡢ص¡ɡβܡԳСǸɡ
Ȼpſڳϵļ֮ϣ
Щ˻ޣиãصΪϵӣԲ˵ˣʣµģһҪųϵģµβĻãԳ
ڼɣǳտȼɻָ۷徳磬ǳ۷徳󣬿᲻ᷢĳֱ仯
ССڴӳ˯ƻҪСתɣǷɣϾ񣬳֮⣬һĴ֡
ˣ˹ͣ˵ˣԶҵĴˣվһԵӣųʧȴǴ󾪲ѣҡֱϾڰ˲㣡
е𾪣ݣȻʶ֮ͽ˹˳ϣҲʱ䣬ʱ䣬ôڰ˲㣿
֪ϽҡֱϾʮ㣬ȫɣ𾪾͸˵ˣϴ޵˵Īϵĳһ̶ֳ˵Ͽνϴ޵ˡ
һ·ϣϧʱĳϣȻ˷ʱ䣬ͳ֮Уһĺüãֻüģǽǿġ÷ɼ֮һߴ֮һŻӡأһĥŽ˵ԺУڻ˸ǳѰŵھʮһǳ
ǳĲϣǴ´࣬ǳȴ̫Զ
Ȼٶȷɿ죬Ϊչ˾ԳȲóٶȵģϻǷٶȣҪȻѸϵϵģڻûԹߡҡֱϾռѭΡںת
гΪҲû£³ڡˮ䡱УҪˮ䡱ƣص󷨣βĥ֮ԴھȫָΪǾ䣬ǽһֱûɢ
ȫȫģһˡ
Իӡؼ壬ӡĲΣŴβţûзִŵһһĳԣ֮У꣬뵽˵ռ䣬汻Уˣʵ幥Ȼ깥Ч̫󣬿ɶԱ˵ǹ൱ϬЩͼľӢȫǺ޻֮
ꣿΪꣿ
Ͽ˾һۣȴûʳڣԺͻһ⣬ʵ㣬ԹǾЩȻҲʲô¶ˡ
£Ͻ̽ȥ̧ǳʯϲ֪ǺȻֻˣûǴҪǳʯĥ뷨ֲ֮ޱȣﲻؽҪ
Ȼϵͬ죬ִ˵ǽѹȥǳʯǳʯ˿ϲûб̫ϣȴҲûоʹ˸£ͣȥǳʯٲ͵ˡ
µƴ񱼣һڸϵΧϻûн뵽ӡУǣӡءȴޱȵģʱ̲֮Ҳһǳʯ棬ʱûʲô仯
ڡϴԼˡѭ֣ʲôϻףϾģġ
ϱʲôȥ룬ֻһؾ
Ӿ֮ϹһĻӣж೤֪ΪɶߣģȻһĻԵˮӣһ˿һ
ˮǰ棬һƬվУ˵Ƭˣ
˲죡


1407 úɢõ
𺣣
УȴҲ׷׳֣Ҫ˺ռѷ죬Կռ֮𺣣ȴֹôҲÿռ֮𺣡
ȻϵĻ˵ģǲ⣬Գѻȭͷ𺣣һŵ飬ҳһȭɢȫѪһȭȥǺˮɽǾֱһӶӶеˮѱƵøɸɾӶˮٴķӿӶ֮С
µײںˮУˮһ㲻ٻأ
Сеıˮ֮һ뺣ˮ֮Уָצˮ
ţ֪
ǽ˵ġ
ţ
Ҫһԡ
䲻˵ȴɻų澿ʲô£˺һҲ벻ף䲻ȥ룬ֻҪȫȥ͹ˡ
ϱ֣ɣˮ֮͸Ի֮֮Щˮʲô⣬ɴ˿̣ǺˮԷɿٶȼ٣ȴĳָдˮǲģ֮ױȴΪЩˮ̫ˣЩˮ̫ˣþ
ˮСˮ֮ǰ̫Сˮ֮ǰҲ̫ҵˮ֮ǰǿ˵ߵľأֵΣܷ֮
Ǹˮ֮ˣûãֻҪˮ֮򣬾һ˰ˣˮ֮ҲҪɳģǻ֮֮ԲȫŵĹ֮𣬾ΪĻ֮ɳû
ţ̧ͷ죬źˮɶһЩˮΪһɳֻвͣسɳܲ⺣ˮ㡣
һд֮󣬳һָˮһָ죬˵գһȳһƬˮ֮УһƬ캣
Ƕȹˮٵ
ڸɺԺ׵צԣȫڴŲѾС˿ֻССĳԾСдرһ̣оԼˮ֮򣬰ѪҺˮݣҲҪźˮն𣬶⻹ûҪѾˣͬ

캣֮ˮʱŨ̹
ƣ
Ѿ۳ƣݱ״
ȥɡ
ţƮķתۼ䣬
˽ЩȵؿһУ־ȣĽȻҲƬˮգˮնƣȥȴɣҪǣˮƵʱ򣬾ƺĳұζȹǰˮٵˣȻ
һƬ󺣣ѾһƬƽ̹أҶڵųϵһҶЩΪǶ֪Ĵ˵ı޾
ϣܲ
ԣƵؾ

˵һɣɲǾǧףʹ˵ҲһСḶ́䲻ţĪǳƵضؾȻմ϶Ҳ˵ص˲඼žʣȴԳ֣𺣵
ɡܣԹ򣬷һǹ֣һƬףǧɣ֣Ȼͬһ㣬ǧǾһ޾ԨĴڣھ˵ǲ̫Զˡ
ڴأһȣɢǽɴʧɢΡ
ҲˣҽӿһϬն£ն˾ɣ޾Ǿɵļʯȫʳޡ
Ҳûţûд֮ȻǲЩϵȹˮ֮󣬱ȳҪѾﵽͨ汦֮˼壬汦ӦģˣһԶʮ˲ȭ˵ֱ۾뿴Ͼȥ٣
ܻڶԾԳ˵ҸҶϴ϶ᳬɣҲҸģҪ˵Ļһ⡭˵꣬ԳҡͷֱҲģ˵ġ
ԳⷬܲһʧȻѾջȭͷǴأһδͣ̾ɡ
ȴأоһڲͣ꣬Ȼǳ˾ɣ
һ룬룬롣
ѾȥˣûзӦ
ɻʱؽˣЩ𡱵ޣһٽ˸ȥ󣬾³һ˵ʮɣһ̣ӿһǿҵս⣬ϱһϵġ֮ȣǿѹȥΪ־ȭȥӣǽޱȣȻڵ˼ϡ
ܻлġ
ţնأ˷׷׼УŴأ
ʱ֮Ƶһǧʱ˵Сһ㣬ҪʮĶ
ʲô
ɻ󡭡


1408 ž֮ݣ
ʮɴأû϶ʱ䣬ˣ
һ޾Ԩ֮ķɣҲоЩۣҲ⣬ҲԴһЩΨгϣ
˵ƣڿĳȫʧһɸɾɻһ𣬳ǰģһ಻Ⱥɽ
ЩȺɽɽҲвݡ
˵ĵһоΡ룬׳ۣ
һл֮˲뵽ȺɽΪʲôھ֮£
ӰڿУ쿴һɽķλʱʱشһǻ⣬ֱҫ߿գƾأûʱ䣬ɳϹȺɽâȴǻһʱ䣡
һ֮󣬳۾ﲼѪ˿ȴϲãĻ⣬Ϊֹ˵ģûдǧŰپʮŻ⡭
˵ţͻؾѣٴ˼䣬Ǿţҷ֣½ͼڴ½õľţǷǳض࣬ɺ𣿻˵šʲô棿УҲһš֡
ʱ򣬳Ϻͻأ뵽Сڣ뵽СʮצСצΪʲôǾţʮأ
Ȼһδ֮գϲȥ룬ȡһöָŨŨ֮󣬽ָŻ˴֮Уǽָ棬װǸСŮϲʱʱ̸̿СŮһӣڴָв󣬾ͬġһȻ棬ԱСŮÿһ˲䶼ܵ
СŮΪʲôܷڴָУҲ˵һЩͷ죬Ժڰս˵ļţɳ̣ʼ
ʱ֮󣬳һָգóһˮ棬ˮ浹ӳվ󣬳ָˮĳһξ룬Է˵˺һѷ죡
Ȼûбʩƣǣʶϵֶ֮󣬷ɰԥûУӦһǡԾնȥӺкبһѷ죡
ɻʱ˵һѷ죬״
ǡ
ϲͣ㣬ɲͣ˺ѷ죬֮󣬷˺˾ʮѷ죬Ҳ۵ùǺɳȻ㣬˺ѷģѾܡ
죬һѷ֡
ֻȥ˺ѷ죬֮󣬿йپʮѷ죬ۿȥѷبҲɫȴԽԽأԼоЩѷ죬γһδ֪󣬶Ⱥɽ˵лĵطңӦţ
ŴʧݾѷبһƬĵطԼоһΣյϢе֮ˣǰԽԽϦϢӵĶ뵽һˣ˭Ҳ׼ȥǰȥ
Ҳ˹һ£û˸ȥȻȴ˱Ե֮أĿģһ뿴Ƿػϴޣ˭֪֮󣬻ʲôıʡ
ߣ߶ʮһֹѷ췭һ࣬Ѿ˰ӿĿռ֮Ѿʮֺˣǰ棬ɡܻܴųϼĿռȥ˺ѷ죬ڣҲˣռֱ֮ʵ÷顭
ʮ
ţž䣬ˡ
һЦҲ֤һ漣
ͷ㣬˿̵ǿ汦Ѿ֮󣬳ˮָʮѷλãռмƴƥ˾䣬ٰڳʮŲǳ󣬶Ծ˵֮ٶ
ͷӹ˿ռΣ֪˺ʮѷ죬˺ǰǰ˰ռѷѣգϿžӰţ˰һʮžŰʮһȡž֮
ʱѾλãΧĿռøײУǿռһ룬Ȼоʹۣն¡
ѷ죬Ȼ֣
ѷһʱоԼƽһ֮Уоӿռѷй¶Ŀռ֮Ѿƽһˡ
ԺĪաĸ֣
һѷ죬û֣ſռ֮ϮŽӺ󣬾һȣݣ
һնһѷ죬Ӧ֣
ҲһѷֵɲǼ䣬ǿռˣȻѾٶȣ䣬Առ֮ĽһҲܽռ֮ն飬ռ֮ˡ
˰һʮѷ죬ǧŰپʮŻλãӦȺɽҡǸˮһҲʼҡ
ľƣΣˣ
ʱϵӰǳ֮ͨšߡ롰ҡֱϾһת裬ֱ䣡


1409 бˣ
ѷɭɭȺɽ̡̻
˰һʮѷй¶ģһĿռ֮佣Ա飬ռ֮ǵضֱռѷ
ԾڵΪҪ汻ѷ֮Уɣռѷ컹һξ룬ɿռ֮þ˺ۡ
֮£ӿңɻֻôǧ֮һϢʱ䣬ת˲֮󣬾ӿ֮صķӿ۾۱һݡڿգڷӿ֮У
ݡȻӲռ֮䣬նһְޣȻ޼ڳֵɲǱʧˣռ֮еľ䣬ûзɳףͱռ֮ס
ҪնһھУ
ӳϿд
ϵһνߡ롰ҡֱϾͬʱתٶȹȻ쵽˼֮أؿռ֮·Ҳ˲ϵ
令󣬳лһǡȭҳ֮ռ֮һ𣬶ʱ֮ͣϾܴž䣬ԡռѭΡ֮ǳУʱѣֻǳУС
ȻһƬռ֮ɢ֮ʱȺɽһҡ޸֮ľؾųߣ̶£ضµΪǺŵľǧŰپʮŻ⣬ȫϨ
Ϩɲǣ˰һʮռѷ죬ȺɽңӦΪһ壡
Ҳ˵ϵ֮£ȫǿռ֮ķΧ۳Ƶö죬ڿռ֮ķΧڣﵽ־֮£ǽġռѭΡѾˣ
ңռ֮ԽԽǿȷ˺Ŀռѷ죬ǿǧ·ǴӸһ㡣
۹⿴ȥûһУҲ类ռ֮˸ޣЩϡ棻ϡǣԸобˡ
б
ٿأȺɽȴߣ·Ǳռѷһ㣬ȴƱؼѹѹһȦһȦĲư㣡
бԽףռѷܾԽǿľƣն˾֮£ȴǷЦž䣬𣿡
ξ֮У
ǾνĿռ֮սһ
㣡


ԷЦռ֮֮᳹ʱ˾ףҪȥףϱľʹҪ˼ҪգһЩռ֮ǰȥգԺĿռ֮Ũôˣһƽ
Ц֮ʱףҪϳ˻л򣬾ԾҲĥټ֮ҪóϰΣһ޽޻ڣռ֮
ݣ
ȭ
ٳ֣ηףɭɭѷһѪڣǡʱ֮סĿռ֮һȴû䣬ɢƥâѪһХ꣡
һȴƫƫ籩֮У
ȭ
֮
ȭ
ŨʵʵİÿϮĿռ֮һ͡
꣡
磡
ˣһȭһǱˣ˺ۣȴȭ飬ԽնռѷһεǻȻˣ˿ռ֮᲻ʲôӰ졣
ȷʵƣǣҲȥȥУûˣкã
ȭ֮ƸأΪÿһƿռ֮Ǻͨ汦ܳͷ˿ڣЩռ֮ҲֻƵ˳Ѫ⣬Ʋ˳֮ǡ
꣡
һ죬óϻǴƵм䣬ǵһȦƣѾѷ죬ѷɢϴȣߡ
ɳϻͷһֻգǵĹȦҲʧҲӰ٣һɿռ֮ʴ
򣿡
˲ףɿЦȴǺԥؼסˮнľڰת䱣Уϲôпܶɹпܣڶɹ˲䣬㻯̶޾ˡ
䣬ǱضҪȵģ
ǿġڰ㡱ס˾䣬ϵƣȴΣˣռٲܵռ֮ٽлΪһ壬ˮΣˮ
꣬ϴ󾪡
ֻˮӿռѷк


1410 ˮ
һȴ룬ӿռѷкˮأϲΪЩˮ֮ֻΪЩˮˮйأˮйأԪҺˮ֮ƺƶ͸ȥҪռѷкˮշ
һóϾȵǣЩˮûзɳϵˮ֮͸ߵ֮״ԴˣȻûϲ񣬶üѾܺռѷˮιʣȹˮйأ
˲䣬ʸҲ˲䣬Ѿ͸ռˮµˮƣն֮£ȥٺȣˮ
ʱЩռˮڴӿռѷӿˮһˮ˿һ㣬סǿռ֮ʵϻԡȭ֮ңɳ嶯ǿҡ
áȭҪԸģɲЩռ֮ƬգѹΪûн֮ṳ̂ʱظ򣬱˺죬ҪȻǰʮѷ죬ϾͲھ䣬Ϊ֮ˡ
ǣϲûн񾳣˺һռѷ
ֻڲԵĻᣬϾҪ˼ؾʱؾѷ죬ѾӳȦԣסǹɳ嶯ˮ
ռѷӿˮǿռ֮һ㣬ɨһȻڶеľ䣬ȴͻȻ𣬡ռ֮ǿ֮ǰֻһᣬȴûиұ֮ܿĿģ֪ܲǳֿ
ʵڰ˰һʮѷȺɽΪһ壬б֮ʱǹ֮У͵𣬺ȵ˭
ԶϢȡͷɢڵأκ١ˮ֮У侹ȻҲǣ浽׷ʲôΪʲôҪǱߣǼ֮أļϢءȻܽͷ֮㣬㵽һЩش֮£ȴ㵽еȫ㵽ôõ½Ҫˣжأ
УһĨһĨ㣡
УȻѾȥһЩֻǣĴۼŻѪĽѾǺѪɫȻҵشš
룬Žֻ֮û˳ϲʼˣ㻹ǳҵԤϣȻôʱ֮ڣͽˣΪҲҪһأ翪ʼð
֮ɨȻմȥҪʮ̤֮꣬ˡ
½ϣһʵͼڴ½ĴˣôˣΪʲôûз֣ʣķ䣬Ȼ˱ңֻҫ˻档
ǰ˿֪λӵУʮֵķŭսսŻشӣͼڴ½ֻһ۵ĵͽ״½ƽʱҲûȥע⡭
ԭӽ飬ֵǵע⣡
ˣ
ֱӹˣҪͷڵأһ˲䣬ͷȷʵ˵ϣɵҪ̧ͷٿ֮ʱ̧ģֻм򣬶ԴţԴ˳ȥ
һ
վźüʮˣЩˣƽռҲޱȣղűɱǸˣ⼸ʮ˿ӳһʬ壬𺧲ѣѾǵھˡ
˭֪ȥһˣɣǣͷˣȴҲ˽ȥӵŭ𣬽Შնɣͷ˶һʾ⣬˵նɻȫ̤֮֮
Ȼл֮˽ȥһȥ͹ڵϣߵ˵ӣѾȥ贫ˣźܿܺˡ
Ϊӵĺܺ𣿡
䣬˳Ϊ˻ҽ˳ȥͷ֮Щߣȴǹޱȣɱʮ˺ȵնӹ
նһնɵţ֪һȥϣҲҪɣնû߽ȥ̲סߣ˵˽ȥӼ״һЦһʱ֮󣬱Ҫûվͼڴ½ĵϣնɣ½ɡ
лӣնһ
ɣ
նȻֹ˳ȥȥնһбʹ֣ǸŮˣһȥͼڴ½򣬶£ƫƫ壡˭֪꣬ͽ׵òٵͽ׵ͼڴ½ᷢ䣬ȥ޴ʧǲС
ûȥնϽҪڰʱ֮ڣ޸ôȡ˷ҴҶȥնȴɻ󣬡˵ӿԼƿնȥģΪʲôӷҪߴأ
ʣնɲǰȥʣʸ䣬նԺУһʣ˭ͼڴ½ƻ˴󣿲飬һҪ飬֮ŭ


1411 ѷ죬֮⣡
֮ϣѷȻɢȦ
ϻԴԴϵؼڰٻŹռѷˮڳԪҺϢ㹻ض࣬ʹɢ
ռѷӿˮȴЩ仯ظоӿЩˮſܣȻ˿ܷǳЩˮӦҲڿռѷһ֡
Ͽѷ죬ո˵󣬼ѷ̽ȥһαڶ̾ʱϵͷųȥͱ˸飬ռ֮ȻȲϺڶǣҲС
һɨȥռ֮Χֻǣܵ˺΢΢ⷽȥһˡ
Ϊ׷ǿȣϵһǧףǣһǧ׸Ͳ̽ѷ棬ɨһ۾䣬ǧϣѷ촦ȥ
ռѭΡٱʱ׼ţһвԾԶѷ죬ؼҵϰۿҪῪϿɲֱѷŪ½ȥ
ԽϣŰĿռ֮ѾùͷʹӺ󣬳ϼһ¾룬ٴ̽ɨһռѷ
̽ռѷһ˲䣬ϻʹһ̽ȥ⵽Ĺ˲̽ȥģǿò񻰵һ͸˸顣
ˣǹɿռ֮Ʊȼ˵һ㣬ȻųϵϺ۾һݣȴţһǡȭֱӴ˳ȥ
һɿռ֮ǱˣɸĿռ֮ȴѷбӿϾһ䣬뵽ˮ֮أֻԲȵˮأɣ
£ӿˮһ̶ˮ״ֿ˲䱻ˮ֮͸ռ֮ȫˮأΧɳأÿռ֮ˮعơ
ݻ˿ֲĿռ֮׷ɱٵ˲䣬һУǰ˺ռѷ죬գֻһ²⣬һһۣȫ϶²Ϊ棬Ϊʵ
ռѷ棬Ǻںһţȴ·һƬأиеףǸǵ֮ŵĸɸγɵ͸ģҪǿǧ򱶣ʮ򱶣
ϲܿ϶ΪǱϾֻдҴһƳΧҲֻһף
ֲ񲻸ȥգӣҪ̤֮УֻҲ߲˶ԶͱɱĩˣȻʧһʧֵ
ţάֵˮأһ±ˣֱըɣȳȥȣһӴһֻް㣬ֱ˳ϣϲҳɣαУеۡ
ֲϮǰʱϴȡȭȭͷֱײֲ֮Уһֲɳϵġȭӿֲ
ֲһӱϴɢ˷һ˲䣬Щɢϵȭͷӿֱ˽ȥȻ󲻼Ӱ


Ϊʲô
ʽϸоɿռȷʵ˲ȭͷеĺڶڱңղţҺ뺬˺ڰ㣬ѵԭ򣿡
ϻһԣǿռѷѾûǹɿֲӿͬʱϣһϳˡڰ㡱һնȥЩռ֮㱻նһɸɾ֮ǰնһޣȫ֮
仹ҪնվٽȴתͷԳһЦ˵лˡһл棬̫ˣǳϻסǳϸ
ҲЦˣȥ£һ£ŷ֣ϵٶȣÿ죬ȥɱʱ˲ֹһǰ㣬˸ղŵĶҲ׷ϳϣôɳģ
ʯ䣬䵽ǳУž䣬һˣ
ûСҡͷЦ֮⡣
֮⣿
еıµ˵ʲôʱܷ⽣ܴɣҲǸʱҿţһ
ץסʲô˼֮УɰȴδźۼֻգԼǺòͻһǧֻʣ¾ŰףЦŶԾ˵ҪȴҪϽ
ȴΪ˸ǿ

ϵͷĿⶢϣǾŰ׵ȴͣƶǳʯ֮⣬ȴЩ仯
䣬졣
֮Ⱥɽʧ֮ʧģпǰ˰һʮѷ죬ͷ·δֹһˮӣѾûˡ
ˮûˣȴһĤ
üͷ˵Ĳһ˵羵һ㣬øɸɾ˿棬ڡϲȥΪʲôǹעż£ܹܲƣ


1412 ؾ
ҲƽҲ
ϴߵΪģԲʮڣһƬҪЩֹˣĿɿڴûߵĴȥ򣬶Ҳͳ˽һ֡
ûǰڽѰţݺصѺ֮УŵһɾĽζһһѰš
һˣվֻʣһ㡰Ĥǰ棬䶢ĤֿϣԺｫؾ֪ʶȫһ飬Ҳû״ųϣʲô
֪
ϻشøɴ䣬ȷʵֻ֪ǻɣǲƴսռ֮йء
ԣ
ȻҪԵġ
һȭͷӿۣȭĤˣȭͷֱ˽ȥһͣͣȥֱֻ㱻˳ղŴƵǲĤȴ

ס
Ͼ֮󣬴ΪϲŲĤʲôŹֻ֣Ҫܽȥ͹ˣʱΧƣλؽģͷž䣬һԡ
켴ƽȥһ̶롣
Ͻ֮Уȴʲô֮㾪ϲؿ棬Ϊò鲻Խѿںɾȴ޶ԣ˲ףԿ棬棬ȴԿ档
ܽǷܳ
ʣٴλĤȥֱǰæʣ
ûüأϻһ䣬ʧѣþȥӦδ֪Σգ˵սһ£ܴܲסȥ֮󣬲Ҷ
һȣսֱײ˹ȥһײ룻̶ǷɡصµȵȣСҲ˹ȥֻʣ¼ɣڵΪûлָʥʵڳ岻ȥ
Ĥʥ֮²ܹ
ţԪڤٽɲסɿԪڤ٣һ£˵ԪڤپǼɵجΣֲҶһ˲䣬ɾ͸оԼãԪڤٲΪעһŨŨһ룬ɾ͸оԼΪִҪ
ڼɳָоʱоͻԺţһǣٻޣˮ̲ݣ
·˴磡
ȴѾؾ
˶ɵɵؿһУڳߵֻʣһĤʱؾһߣҲͻˣֻʣһĤЩ߮ںܵĴֻߣһϢķ
Уٴλɻ󣬡ʲôط⣬룬һ
޾һţû뵽Ȼ½Ҽǵ½Щ⣬ͨң½գôƵģΰ죿
ͻأ˿ĳ֮⣬ѭȥ
ؾ棬˻ɵţһо󣬶·ħˣȻعüͷоʵģνĻþ
ʱһɫʰ쵵ģʮ׳һĴߣӲݵȻһԻ켴СȣСߣҲүǰζ
ţСҪԽնɱߣǴԲʥȴƴǻСԸһûκûκϢɢͨߣȫûκ⡣
Ȼ𾪵ǣСͲԾڿУ߷ǱСһȸţȻһˣ·𿴵һ㣬ͷ˻߽лˣСںţ֣ôԾˣ
Сת˼£ȻǲУڱҲҪ֮ʱܵ˻̶𣬺ܿ죬ǸղŻá̹ĲݵϣͳģɫСһߣɨ۹ȥǧ
ʲôʱҲȺԶ
ţǧߣѾǹСųȡ̸֥ʱǲܷϿգ˵عƺһǰȥ˵үүǲԾգҪɱǣҲСƣ
˵ţһˮ֮ˮߣǣȴûˮγ֣ҲûˮһкˮйصĶûг֣С²Щˣɴû״ڵȻתɣңǹȷʵˮ֮˳
ȻǱӦóֵˮ֮ƫƫʧˣһۼûУ
СãȻ֪֮ʱߣײСϣСֱӱײˣ˫۾ѿںȵ


1413 

ΪϤĳϣһڱ˳
ȻֻԳֳһǧǿ˵ʵ΢΢㲻ʲôǣѾ㹻ó𾪵ˣֻһ߶ѣһ߾ܱأ
ңղߣһ
˵ŴԲʥΪСٲҲڱ͸ײ˳ȥǣʵôʵʵطǰ
ϵһоؾ⣡
СˣɺԾҪȥСסһҲûԾڿУһأСصڵϣһߣײڷϣҲֱӱײˡ
Ⱥ߳ȫ֣һ֣ŷ飬Ĵˣص˵ʦҵʽ
˵ӣҵĵû򣡡
β˵ˣʩչ
˵ϴҵģҲ
Ҳ˵ҵĽҲУ

֮䣬Գ̤һȥȻֻСߣֱӱԳ˸飬Գһ㶣ȥ
һʱ䣬ԳΧȺߣȫĳѪ⡣
Գˣҵܹʹã˵ţԳ㵲ǰ棬һ˵ȣԭ򣬷Ҫ˺ռѷ죬Ҫڴأ֮۽⣬βɨ
ʩչ뿴ؾֵʲô⣡
ˣ˺ռѷ죡ɾȵ
ϴҽ費˴֮ص£ܵ
ˣҲûãβ𾪣˵
ǰȴһѽѩۣȴרɽ۵ĽһʹߣֱնǧΡ
һնٴߣ˵սǣǾĽ⣬ܹռ֮ȫնննƴһƬֻܹնߣ֮Ĳ𣬿νһ죬һڵء
ȭߣȭȴǺ޷ӦĿȵ
Ȼûһ˿֡
ˮ䣡
һˮ䡣
Լˮ֮֮ؾҲ𲻵һãΪﶼʩչЩǱˣҲڱģ˺ռѷ죬Ǽ򣬱ĵй֮޲ǣЩֱӱؾˡ
˵ͷȴԽԪΪսҲԪΪβǶһΪ
ǵÿһÿһ붼ڱģؾõģֻ˵ţ˿չľԳԳţˣҷ棬ҵ˲١
˫⣬ϸţһǧˣһֱ쭵һǧ֮󣬲
ֵؾʱԳѾ߰˰ߣʣǧߣҲ֪ǰЩ˲ǣʼȥ
ֻˣӣ
Գ׷ǰȥӣȫ£Ҫ⣡
ǧߣˣؾһ䶯š
ھԳܳʱЩ䶯һ壬ΪһߣоԺ˲뵽ƽ˵ÿǻʣµǧߣҲǾǧЩȫšһ𣬵ǾԲ͡
Ժлû꣬ѾȵԳСģ
ߡûˡ
ҡֱϾҲûˡ
Ͻעϣ˹ȥٶҲǲԽײԳʱ˾Գǰ棬ܵĹУѾ۵ŲؾŲҲžǧԸⳬѾ㹻ˡ
ȭ
ײϣϵȭͷûײɢġ֮ΪһǧߣԶɢ
һ˲䣬ɢǧߣˣۡطɽѪ
أɲǼ䱻ȾѪ졣
˳ߣûһɣأǧ
ǧߣϳһ壬ǧܲóϾȣǸոս滹ô·Ҫߣֻߣ滹ʲôӵŶ
üͻһȣã
δ£һǡȭЩѪ⣬ȾѪ̲ݣȫ˸飬Ȼϻǳһ
ѪζѾƮɢ˳ȥ
ء
ǺѾ


1414 
Ǻ˽Բİ
˵ֶﶼܱȺӶǣ͸ȺеȺԶˣ
ȻһǺ˷ʹ˷켴Լۺϳĺ̤
ʱӣǲܵģؾ澿һʲô˭Ҳ֪˵һܣܽΣյĵ̣ǵһԭ
ڶԭʧȥ֧ŵǣôܵùȺǣ
ֻת˲֮䣬ȺǾͽһˣΧȥǺѹѹһƬһôҲǧֻǣЩǣ½ǣûжֻǧֻǣƤëȫǴɫЩǣ˿ۣǣ˴£˭ҲҽЩǺԣ
ҲȺǻζ͵ɽԨʱǼֻǣǻǣǰǧֻǱֱˡ
Գ㻤ˣȥһȺǡ
˵ǰȥôʱ䣬Ѿؾ֮УعˣȻãǣԳӰ첻̫˵ǷǶԳϵӰ쵹ЩأɳգҪúܳʱܿݽߣǿȵԭ֮⣬ԪҺϢҲһҪء
Ϊһؾ϶ŷգɷգǰŻģ˾Գ֮⣬ϻ治ôܵҲԪ֮ϡ
Ҳ̵ܹ
ţѾʮֻЩԾգһ۾Ϳ˸ף֮һ࣬ȻǻĳҲǲףΪʲôܹôߡ
ĥ򡰺ν硱ĳϣȻ֪ıΧһ֮£ʮֻѾɢ˵˳ϡ
ȴû㣬Щҧϣײϡ
ɽء
ʮֻײڳϣȴǱ˻ȥǵļҲûҧϵ෴ʮֻǵݣȫҧˣѪ
ҵصǣɵˣۣҲȫĿ⣬ڳϣ
ЩǣÿһֻʮҵңҧʱҲ̺൱һʥϵУǳء
һ֪ԣǲʳĶˣദмѣм䣬һҧ൱ͨʥһңǸ߽׵أ
໡أ
һǺһ㣬ʮֻ˻ȥֻ߳Ƥëڵô۵ǣײϣϿղŷʩֻǣֻɫڣԴ󣬳֮⣬Ҳûʲô֮
֪棬ûã
ţһȭȥֱӽֻһǸҳѪɣһԾԾУ˵ϴ̤շУ
ǲǷɣֻԾ
ţԺһ뷨γɡ
˵䣬ȻԾֻͷǰͷȻûϵô⺷ڳץסӵʱͷǻǷһ
£ϳԾ¶ַˡ
ûһֻԮͷǣʣǧֻǣȫǣԳ𣺡á켴˫ӣһͷһͷǱѪ⣬ԳҲС
ǣԳֻܻסһȺǵĹ˷ɼ״ǿɬûѾΪȻһ죬ΪĶ
޳ɣһ̤ۣնķ˵óô˻ᣬĥ⣬ýɣȻܹ۳⹥ǣıٱ
Ҳ˳ȥүүսţүүҪǵ⣡
ɼ״̤
Ŀһݣ켴̤
صȡ˵ҩ뿴Щǣ˵ҩкЧ
СָצԵı壬צô󣬾ҲܽЩǸסȻһ˲䣬Сͱط֣Լ䲻ȥˡ
ȴûжţЩǣǾӦû˺ֻžй֮ãǾͲá
£ڴ
ϿǵľֹҾ֪󣬳˵ġս񡱣˵Ļɻںδ£սɱ䣿
ͷƴҪѳϵָͷҡͷ֮䣬ŶʮϧڳǰȻò̫Զˡ
Χκԣû뵽㻹ñ
תע˵ţͬʱȭͷ籩㣬ͷǵӣϿƺͷǸоʹȴֲҪ
ͷ۾Ƿŭ֮ɫ
ǣҲӦоѪİɡЦţйȡͷǾѪ


1415 
꺮ϣǴģǾͲ֪ˣǣǿȴӹɣϹﶼԸ
ĹЧܲؾЧǾͲö֪ˣ
ȡ˾Ѫͷǡ
ͷǲ״ȴ໽иͣЩΧ䡢ԳȺͳһɱϣϺ⣬˵벻ɣܼܿˣǳˣҪһߣҲ׶ˣǲɡ
Цˣʲôϵһ·ɱȥˣ˭Ҳסһؼҵ·˵ţѾȭ֮֮Գһ߾ʬ
Ǳߣˣأ۳Ľ⣬Ѿ˲٣ɾƴţ´ĵΧĺǣֻֻ˾һ㣬һߵģڵϣҲֱɱ֮УܵǱȽͣ㲻Ԫ֮ܽܵҲӲãܵˣҲء
ͷǻںţЩΧϵȺһӵϣȴų˶ΣȴǲֻһȭһȭĴȥ˾֮£һܽʮᣬκȡ֮С
ɱǣϱǵͷǾѪתľһģǣǵͷǾѪȴǺ޷Ӧ
ҪȥŻʧЧôڵģҲʧЧɻ˼飬ȷʵĽü˵ؾ֮γ֮⣬ܹΪؾֻؾˣǺܸߺܸߵĴڡ˵ؾɻսĹӣ״˵ؾΪģҪﵽʲôľ磬ܹٳһʧЧؾ
ЩͷóˣͻأĿ⾫âֱ䣬ؾãǲҲһֹ򣿡һһȭҵأʣµĽǧֻǣȻڿգķѡ
ǧֻǣҷ
ϤϵˣʲôΪϡƽ¶ǣؾЩ˵ǾǴˡ
ͷһɵˣûкΧЩǣҲٽйУȴڼţֻãǻ᲻˵רߣʲôϵأ
ֻãֻãţ϶ţҪͷǵ˵ľѪˣԺȴǱʶػ֣




׽ţһӣҪϸоҪܹͨͷǾѪһһ飺
£һ飬Ҳһ֣ҲܴרŵȻתΪβתľأ
뵽⣬ܳ벻ɣѾʼԣƺľӿȥӿȥɲǣһһϤĸоԪҺתʱϤУ
ӵʱ䶼ûлѣǵξѪˣɵ㶵ͷǣ͵ؽŵ£ϵĿǿ־壬Ц£
໡
ͷҽгΧǧֻǣתͷϣٴδȣ£ųϺͷʹ൹أǺˡ
£
ˣ
ǧֻǾҪײʱܲסʹͷǣˣһǺ̶ǧֻǣǲ⣬ȴѹѹعһƬ
˾ȣţԪҺЩͬҲʲôͷɣֻǸоͬȴǲףﲻͬ
켴ϼ磬ûзҪףҲ֣
ףԲУΪҲؾãѵֻУתԪڤٵǱ˳ǣԪڤٵĹܣȴһչʾҲܺУϸϽתڣȴల¡
лвݣ֮ܣôҲã˵Щݣǲģһ̤£ݻ٣ݼȻܻ٣Ǿ͸ʲô
أ
һת˳ڵأض
ǿסؾʩչȴܹ˭أһ˵ףҪĥһ£ҪģǴؾؼң
󣬳϶ͷ˵ȥ
ͷź֮Ȼö仰Ȼٰ㲻ԸǸӡǣȴͷǲòǰȥȺΪɱǶʧһ֮ʣµģǳ˳ǵĻ
;ӡ


1416 ذޣһ֮
ͷǴųȥһ·ϣȫ紺棬տʼ˶͵飬֮ȫζĻ棬Ҳû飬رǣĻ֮£вĶ
Ѿܾúܾûܹ·ζˣǾȻ˴ɽԾӣʱ֮ͷǴųǵĳ֮ء
ͷǵĳˣϻ
һֻһȺǧֻϻ
ôϻȺˣ
Уһɽݶ֪˵ģϣǣؾЩ֪ȫˡ
ͷǸһ̤ϻأХɽﴫһˣټϽǧֻǣȫΧûж˵ϻͷ֮ʱѾǶͷšֵϻԾȥ
ڻ״ڣϣֱϻӵأԾȻֻǽѾ̽Щϻʮ
ؾ٣֪Ķܹܲȥȫܳȥֻ»½ٵѡͻ뵽ڣвгһ졣
Ծ֮УѾǻǰֱһʽץȥȻ⻢ϰڳǰǺܲ
ֱӽУȡ侫Ѫӿ侫Ѫһ֮󣬻ʱǲУһĿ
ϻĶͷʨӣ
ʣʨҲȺӣڰжὫһ㣬ʨ£ȻؾȥȻؾţèȵȶϷɵ࣬óϿסˡ
ʱ䣬˰µʱ䣬У󲿷ֵʱ䣬Ǻڸ·档
ϿЩ֮󣬵һҳһ·ؾ棻Ѱһɾų߾Ŵ糤һһһѰ֮͵ǰ
ؾȺͬʱҲ˹Ļ棬ЩеĶȴƽദһ𣬳ÿһȻżǺš
Ȼţƾȥ·϶ȲⱾؾĶѰ·ȺӰޣϲһֻصͼڴ½ĸоҪЩܻûΣܿԣǼֱһСͼڴ½ҪܽЩЩѪҺתϣǵʵܹһ̨װɡ
аѰ·һ˱˳ؾдԼ⣬ԳصѰҩĥ󷨣ܴ壬һԪ⣬ͳ˷ս񡭡
Ҳûͣ£ŪؾķؾķкβͬҰģȻҪؾˮҲҪٻ
֮⣬ʱ޿̣ƶǳʯ

ϵһСѪľǲҲţѾӿʮ
һ̣϶Щš
һ˲䣬ǿήˣ
УֱǿήгϣвܹһΣܲ˰ɣ
¡ܣųߵĻʨޣˣȴۣڵź
һǲ˵ţȭԼһȭһȭʵݣǶѪȻһŽϴڵֿݣһܹˣ
ԼʮؾӺ󣬵óۣ޸ҲһĹЧ
Щһģһģ棬ҧ˺һ̺ž޴Īؾ棬𣿡
˵ţץһʯͷעȥţκ˵Ȼˣʯͷڿҵ룡˵꣬ӿ룬ʯͷ˲ɷĩ
켴ϪˮУˮҲп֮ԽϪˮܳܵļ޺Ϫˮ͵رѿ
ؾɽɽˮˮ˼УУǰҴδ飬ˣʯУˮУһڣһּ򵥵Ĺעǲֱ˴ˣң㡣
ڳڵԪҺԪҺ뽫ͬǣֲͬԪҺͬˣҲƻˡ
ڣôڵģ
Ȼǿ̺ŵľ޴ܣţҽӶɲʱǱХ


1417 ʬ·Ѫߣۿ
λǺڵػЩԶǣȴΪ̶ĥôһĳϣ͵̧ͷԶһ䣬ȻҲ
֮ǰϻûиоڳ̽ɽˮ֮ȴظоˣ޴𣿡ţվһǺĵطȥ
ȺУԳʼմһ˷ܵ״̬УʧˮõֻصˮӯĸоüҲЩĳ졭
ϽڡߡľȻϣ쭷ɣϵעһ棬֮ǰľѾóףֻҪתЩؾ飬벻׵ģΪʲô
бǣؾ֮⣬תھ᲻ҲʵһйܣܣϵĹʽϬ
һ˼״Ŀɿڴ
ϼоԼٱķ磬뿴УǲҲ֮󣬳ϵûֱ̽鵽ȴֱ
ھģǽˮ֮ǲҲܺˮ˼һҲͣηž䡢һˣһǰϡ
ܿ죬Ϊ˵Ǻϣһصʬ壬кϻģҲҰɽõȵȣдϬţġ
״ΪңѪɿһ֮Уȴûпһ㶯ֵĺۼòЩھкƴĶȫԸһ
ϵ֮ʱֹͣˣֻʣһƬţʬء
Щʬ壬ûжѳһʬɽ̳һʬ·ǰǰһɽʱ˼ʬ·˽ȥ
ʬ·ֱǧ׳ƺųϵ˽ȥ
ʬ·ϣһߣرԣȴʺѪߣ
˵˼ЩʬɢϢвؾ뵽ʬɢζҲǺշתɽеһ̶ˮǰʱʬʧˡ
ڳǰģһ鸡̶ˮϿգʳεʯͷ˵ĸоȴһû۾ûֽŵʯѪߣƵʯͷϡ
Ѫϸӿʯͷ棬ѪԽԽ࣬˶иоʯƺڻһϵ飬һƬأؾ˭֪һ̣ᷢʲô顣
ȻʯǶһֻ۾۾ɲǣ̶ˮڣʯ۾ֱϣϸоһǵΧ쳣ﶯС
ңֻ۾ûӣֻпնۿ
֮⣬ϻо˴ص𶯣𶯸ԽԽǿңɽʱ䣬ĺ𣬲ûɣжѪøˡ
ͬʱһУΪ͵ļɣȻǰ̤ȥֱҪ̶̤ˮڼɸ̤ʱ򣬳תüͣ¡
ϳʹ飬ϾȣȻܺ͡ӡƴ֮Уǰ˰벽ͬһ˲䣬ʯĿ⣬һѪɫâ
Ѫɫâһ̶ˮֱɣ˲Ѫ;Գܵ΢һ㣬ֱѪɫâˣ
ѪɫâȻҲţһɲ˿ܵƣһȭҽУͬʱһţҪȶѪߣ
ȻѪȴûбϣųϵĽţϣԽԽأϽȫģǰ
һѪɫâ˸һ£ţâѪɫŨۿл͸ϲ֮ɫ
һУǹޱȡ
ļµǣ֪ⱳ̲ʲô
ɳȴԴ֮ˣһһۣ󣬷ӿ۵ʮʮתȭڣйɢʯѪɫâһ˸
ʱȭ
ʱʯ񱻻˸飬ֻʣۿø̶ˮϷѪɫâٴڳϣһأȴоһɺƴ档
һ㶣оԼڷһǧ˰ǧǧ
ǳϵ
ƽʱϻϲ񣬵ڣȴóӿ˾壬ⲻڿ͹ѪҲøѪҲѪܣѪѪ顣
Ѫܣϵݽ·ǳϵѪһѪʵģѪһӿ壬ǹѪһ塣

Ժĸ֣ǿնۿԺʲôӿ֣ȴûӿֵó


1418 

ǶڵѪܣǿڳ֮Ŀ֮ۿƣЩѾһҪģĿǰʱǳӣ
֮սһٴΣǣûһΣ˵գ
ѪܣۿһжôĹ죬ǸѪߣڲͣϵƣһƾͳѪܣһѪܣѪһͽȥϱѪܿʼӴͬһ
ӿǿҵֱĿǰЩΣΣǵǹѪѪһ˲䡣
óԸ
ϳȡԼԹţǣѪܣȻóѪ͵ƣ۳ϵʲôطǴ˷ǵضȥЩҲҵơ
ԼԼʲôĽ
Զ
Ѫˣ£Ѫ֮󣬳³ѪѪɫâȥƽһֱӻΪ˼á
̶ǶڵѪܣȻͳϵѪ⣬һͨ൱ǿռΪУϸоʹʹǱһѪ⣬ͻӳϵ棬ȥһ
ϵѪ⣬ȻǳԼģôܱ룿˲䣬ϱ뵽Լո³ȥѪ棬Ժ˲ܶ໭棬ףʹ׵ĹܣȪˮܷӳȪˮĹЧѪѪʥɷѪ
ҵѪʹҵϢͱҵѪ
ţȴѾתתҪѪܵǲϵϣһӿȥעˣڵѪܣҲǷˡ
ǣǻ⣬ǳ׵Ľ
ۿƺھףȴûоţϴۿУоԷ˵ԽԽ˼һһ̣һ˿ģ̬չˮҲȲ
ϲԶ޵еĴڣˣǷǰտʼ޵УޱƣɵҲ
ˮҲһ
ԼֻܿԼ
ӿİӺƵ
ռ壬㲻У϶ۿŨ⣬ڿգۿһ΢ھڳϵ⣬켴ָһֿЦȫѹĸо
ƴѪˮ֮ںϣܹںһܹں֮󣬱ܺؾˮǳϵͻΪ⡣
ΪѪҺҲˮ
ǣ̫ϲܽеϣȫ֮ϣԣѪеһѪ룡
սͳѪȼ̬֮
˿ϵӣϵĺҲǴΪϧؾ棬ǵʵȷʵ̫ˣЩĴҲǲС
ȵԳȥ棬ɢЩѪԴͷǣ뾡һа취Ѫߣ˵Գ˳ȥ۽⣬Ѫնȥ
ѪߣһնϣȴûȫϿź˿ң˲䣬ѪָֻԭصɵˣŸְ취Ѫߡ
˱ҽеļûг֮⣬Ҳûг֣ĴϢȴԽԽأٻ
Ļ֪Գȥ𲻵ʲôã˿ֲ̣עǺǡϻȵؾеǱǹɹģɹ롰࿹ĳ̶ֳ˵ҪԸһ򣬳һ£ð֮Ⱥ뿪С
ȺһѪЩѪȫۿҲΪЩѪۿŻ˹˵˹
Щ϶ϵɻģ֮أΪʲôųֵģ֮ǰҲûйѵ˵ؾǽ֮
׵ģϾͽǵѪϽ˵һǵѪֱϵĵ꣬ͺ󣬵зһСɱ˧Ӫа㡣
ۻ֮򣬿Ѫӣˮ֮͸͸ˣǣȴûзκͺһŰֽ㡣
Ѫôģ
Ͼȣ̧ͷۿȻۿڹЦͬʱ޾һţҵļƻЩһ˼һССߣҲҷ֮
⣬Уһ˷е⣬ˣ⴦ȥ⴦λãλã


1419 ҵ̲ã
ѪҺУһˮĳɷ֣ǳϵˮ֮͸ȥȴһ˿ˮҲûмѪԭ򣬻ǱҪˮ֮ں֮󣬲Σ
ԽΣ֮УϾԽ侲ֻ侲ܰȹΣҪͱҪ侲
뵽ܽΪһĺڶ£ˮ֮תڶǵѪȥ˲䣬Ѫͷ鿪
ϲҪԴ˶ԸѪ֮ʱ鿪Ѫֺϳһ壻״ȴӦ˳ϵ˵Ǿ仰ˮ飿
ڶۺΪһ壬ȴںϡţеĹֶΣؾ죬ֻãóƶʧЧ硰ȭԺڰת

һǳʯгأתɡֱȥ֮ǰϾԹ̽ȥҲûãǣһأȻЧˣҲֻǶѪɫâЧѪɫâǵִ࣬ۿжζ˼ϲŲֻ࣬ҪǰΣתš
ѪɫâһѹѹѪܵܣӵ
˵״Ӧøеˣɳȴӿ˼زƺǰһӣڵȥƵģۣȭ
ʮʮ
һȴûͣʮһʮֱʮ岨ԡȭ˳ȥѪɫâֱӱɢ͵ײۿ֮ϣһײ롣
ײȥˣȴһײյĸоҪջȴǷ֣ۿȦסղĿϬ߿ʼκӡ
ҵ˭ʲôͷ㶼̲ãҧھۼͬʱڡ
ʱϵĶһƿСһҴſԣ㲻ԼѾΪ˰ϵ𣿡
ϻһȻǾ˵ģ̧ͷۿǡǴۿ﷢ûȥۿôҲܷҲûȥ֮ǰۿΪʲôûзֻһ˲֮䣬ϵҪ⣬пܣҾǰ棬ôʹ˵£
⣿Сӣ죬Ҳ治ңҪ˭ҲȲ㣻Ҫӣǿ㣬ҫ֮壬ʲôǣ壬пܽ׳Ϊ֮壬Ҳϣҷۡ
˵ţۿһתϵϺԥȵǳ׵סɸɾΪһǧϿ˵Ǹ޾ļһֻ̣صԭ㣬һ˿ޡ
һڣоۿʩչ֮ǰѪΪõֶΣҪϵҲģۿóѣǳϵľƣΣٱ
ãҪûˣʲôã
ϵǧҲΪˣرռѷУһ㣬ܸ߳ϰٱǿۿըһҡѡ
˵̲ҵϣҲܺ
ը˲䣬ǽȭ롰ȭһȭͷҲ˳ȥ
ۿһ˿ѷ죡
ȡʮԥӿۿһӣҲӵģǲһ󷨣֮ʱֽ
ʮǳ൱ͨ汦ӣҲҪϺôһˣʮըǽۿϵ˿ѷ죬һ˿˿
Ͼסˣſ죬ϲϣûй
ۿתĹʵ̫ˣ˵ʮһټһǧҲκҲã
ҲţҲţ
ϺŽţȡһһĳȡۿȥٽЩ翴÷Ŀ࣬ľ䣬Ҳܺӡ
ϧۿȴ޶ã·üʮǼʮҳһһӰ춼ûУϻڽкššų
⸱ģ˭ˣΪϷˣʧȥǵķˣۿҲµؿųϵķ񣬶һ˲䣬Ͻӡͷαϵõöװ˱ĴָӺͷбƳģܹΪǳĵɫˮ⹳һԶȡ˳ӿ
˲䣬һ˳ȥȣ
ǿϷۿתУһͣڴʱָıЩŹֵĶŭ˺¡ը
Щ֮࣬ϲûмֻǹעѣܷǣʤ࣬ѷ챻Ҫۿը룡
УһЩ
һĮѹסеıըܾúܾãûˣȻֻһ֣ȻȻֻһϣȷʵˣ


1420 
֮ǰۿû˵ġ
Դӳϵעۿ֮󣬲֪ɺϣһߣۿܹˣۿ˵ĵһ仰ûдӣȴһĮӣ൐Įӡ
ţʲô֮塢֮ȵȷϻͲ֪ʲôй֮壬⼸ֺ󣬳ϵǲµһЩƺййء
һеһУ˵ۿͷ־ԵĸܿܿͬϻֻǸճСӣԷѾǿߣĲ𣬻Ҫ
Ǻ⣬ϰ߱˺ӣϰںи˺ݺһػԣϽƷˣٷ񣬰ȴЩ֪ȴԲ׵Ķȡһ
Ȼ˺ܺõЧۿһ˿ը룻ۿҲΪˣԭ˵һŭ
ϵļƻҪȥۿһսҪۿٵ
Ȼȴסˡ
Ϊۿ˵ġ֡
ΪǴָըǵǹ⹳ȵȱըûбըһǺ«һ̣̣ϵ𾪣ݡ
տʼ϶û뵽Ǵðģ켴͵뵽̾ǺͷָеǼƷ̣
ľ£ȻûбҲûлٻӹɣ϶һö
ֻǣóϸоֵǣʱ̣ƷѾƷǱƷƫƫ⽵Ʒ׵̣һ֣ľƣ
óΪ𾪵ģǵǸڰ׹飬ʱ˿̣ǳ֮ǰѾǧ˼ֶҲܴ򿪵ĺڰ׹顣
Ȼˡ
ֻǷһҳ
һҳ棬ӳģһͼ
ģǳϷǳ̵Ķ㣬һһףСϵĲ˶٣ͬľǣڰģ۾λãһۡ
ǰۣĺۣ
каס
˲뵽ʲôˮˮգᣬ΢ȵȣһԶӿԺٿͼԱߣ֣㣡
ԭ㣬Ǻڰ㣡Ŀֿͼ棬滹һ仰︺
⼸֣ԺʲôڱʲôǱ֮أ˳ˮΪΪˮΪˮΪΪΪ
ϸսЩָӡԺڰ׹͹ˣȻҪڵأ̣Ǻ«رҪȥۿЦЦȴԼͣϢˣΪϻȥǣ޶ԡ
⵱ȻǳϲҪ˵Ǻڰ׹鷭һҳѾó¶Ҫڰ׹
ǣһǰᣬǾͳϵûȥ
׼ӣղ֮ҪĮжĮ˵֮ʱ̡«ڰ׹Ҳû̶׹䣬һ˿УûгȻۿΪ
仰˫ĿضҪۿ˵㷸ҵۣ
ۣǰۣ
Ȼ֪ۿͷ˵һֵͷһĴ󣬵ǣûһˣʹҪػ˰ˣ
ߣԶ

ۿЦЦУһеţңҪң𣿡
˭Ҫңֻһ֣кβң
ǲ֪֡ʲôĴڣȴף֡ˣϺţһ㣬ֱ֮ϣγﻹ˵ţΪˮΪ
֮ϣһˮˮ֮ϣ
һΣˮ֮ͨޱȵؼ˳һۿԾȣԵǲϧˡ
ۿһ仰£ϷѾǧŽըۿȻѪâֻâϸоЩһ
ԥϽˮ֮γɵ㹥˳ȥȵ
ͬʱǵѪâ͸˳ϵ壬һֱ赲ѪܵƳһСȻֻһСĶѪܵĹͨѾ⡣
˲䣬ӿǧѪܣ֣ϱѪܣۿٴαըըķݣ𾪣Ȼƴ֮ǰô๦ֻը룬£ֻһ㣬Ч
ǣȴ˲
ٳȡʱȴޱȣȡãˮȵȣҲг
ƸΣ


1421 ٣㣡
ֹģ뷢ģԸ⿴飬ڣǲҪֵĽˡ
ЩѪδ֣˳Ѫϡ
ʱѪеѪӿѪڣսʼƴȡҪѪҺֵȥ
ϧһǧڹעڵǧǰ̫ˣֵסЩȥֵͬˣתìͷϷ˹
һЩѪҺǺ͵أͳ˽ͬһ㣬ͬųѪҺףеͬеѪҺͬʱпܣͲˡ
ˮף
ˣ˭Ҳı䲻ˣ
Įٴ𣬴˾֮£ϵˣעˣܹģԳ棬ɢޣȺԽԽ׳ֻҪһ̤ǸȦڣȺ޵ѪͿʼӿЩǡϻĽжôȺԾǰͺ̵Ȧ̤롣
ԳȺУ˺ۣɢˣȦڣһȭһȭŵأҪȦƣҪѪҷɣѪȥ
ǣûã
ҳ˶ôôĿӣѪ߶βȥ棻棬˵ҲնѪߣȻ֪ϵϣĹ£ۿ˵Ǿ仰֪ΣڵϦ
ҽȫȥҾɥڴˣ
ţھѪᶨ۳ɭȻֱնۿնȥϵۿ˵⣬е˼ֻǣ㲻öҲͻ㽣⣬ʹԨͽ䣡
£ۿѪɫâһΪֱ⣬֮ѣѪɫâǹԺ棬ɲǼ䣬һ졣
ʱ޹⣬ÿնޱȣҲ񣬴ţˣˣ
Ĺʧܣ¡صȴǺηسȥɽһ⣬һѪɫâѪˣϲֲ˺ۡ
ˣǰָѵļǸͲǰǲòǰӡǸǣһҲɣԣɳȥɴӴаγӣСȹȥ
ʧܣ
ǡpޡҲһѪëȳݣҲһŲʣˣ
ʱһֱŵܣһ͵˫ۿץȥѪɫâһɨܣܵѪȴѪڱ˺ѡ
ۿ˵Ҫӣܺãӱĸãս̳УڣģӴ֮󣬽ս񣡡
ôԣ𾪣ӿ죬Ҫйȴһò
㻹ʲôֶΣһó
ۿԳ˵ϵĴﵹǻһЩֶΣ汦ƬǹͷûѵСŮڳ˯ڽСڣ˿̣ɲó
ϸоԼԽԽڵͬ٣ʧȥѪҺͬԽ࣬ӵ̶֧ȣԽͣٶȣǳ죬쵽ҪˮʱǾʮǳ㣬ϣ壬Ҫʶ϶оҪģһǰ⣬ϵѾˡ
棬棬ȴû㹻ʵ֧ţƣҲᶨܹŤתǬģô죿
һθԺ
ͻأͨЩסˮԺڰתʱΪʲôܹںһΪ֮
ţһ󵨵뷨뷨״֮£Ҳںʲôˣȫջ˵ɨſѪܣЩѪŰͬ
ɴأϽҲſˣ
ѪȫΪһ壬սܿ죬ϸоӶˣرǻһ
ϻûвȡʩǣǹɰǹ⣬ȴûɢֺŨѪҺ뵤ʱӿһйĸо
ѹ
ԺһһĻΪˮΪΪΪΪΪΪΪ
︺
Щȫ۵Ǻڰ㣬ҲϣһۣȴǳȥԪҺ棬ʱѪҺ͹
һ˲䣬ۿһƺҲû뵽ϵĵȻһ棡
ҪռңҾ㣡ҧѪ˵㣬Ϊã


1422 Ƹۣۿ
㣬
һ£ѪУѪ˿ֿǼ򵥵ķֿǽеԷֿѪҺͬҲˡ
һֿǹܹƿԼĸоֻصϣ
ԪҺУܾ֮ʲôϵл벻ı仯֮£Ҳݲóȥʲôеľȫϣٰܣϻ治֪ʲôĹٻˮ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ۿĮ˵벻㻹ܸҴȣУϧϧ㻹̫ˣпݽߣ㻹ֵܵס𣿡
Ż£ըѪҺ˽ȥϵ㣬ȻתٶȣԪҺҲһ㣬תĲתУȫֹͣˡ
תֹͣǳϲҲߵ˾ͷֶʧأˮӿֱû˳ϵ˫ţѾ͵˲Ӵ
𡪡
һХſХڰǻתּӿ֣оúڰתĶǰ
Хܹ
ϲһʣ켴ٴοХֳϻôʱ̫ˣǣһοХûаϷһУлǴӹͷﴫġ
Ҽ˰ɾðΪһ⣿ϲ̫ɰһʩչתơڵİ
֮ԸоΪȫй˳
ڳԺһϺˮףҳ
ȻһΣˮײûӿ֡
ϲ졣
ûõģȻ㼤ɰƷ׺ܸߣܴ󣬵ǣǰ̫ˣˣ۵˲䣬Ѿע
ۿĮֳûУѾ˳ϵıӴȷʵŵϢ֮ӵеϢŨȣҵˣֻԼУղˣղˣҲղˣ
ϴ־ǵ򲻵֮ʱϽǰѡһԼϻ˳ȥܹѪҺĹѪȫһ˽
١ˮ֮ʱȻӻȥĹѪȴû𣬿һΣѾ˲ôˣǹѪǾѪѪѪȣһоĶȫ˺ڰУ
ľٶȫǳںЧǾͽٳϵ
Ȼԥˡ
Ƹۣ
ȴϣײһЩЧתֿһЩۿֵԼݣһʱ䣬һأң˵һһֻϧʱ˿̳ˣ۰ɣ
ϯ޾ħһ㣬ϱۿ۾ˡ
۾ϣٶȣҲ
ɾڱϵһ˲䣬ԺȻǸۿţԶһӡ
ӣ
һϺϵ۾ͻ֮ǰûӿóĶһ̣ȫޱسԺɽ˸һӣǰǸۿǲһ
ǿӣŽۿУᷢʲô
⣬Ȼǲ֪֪۷ʲôҪȥһԣһᣬᷢκһ˿˿ᣡ
ֻԳڵ״̬ӴӴȡѣ
ٽӷŽޱȣǿޱȵۿУǸϼѣ
۶ѣҶҪƴһƴڵңζڵңܿڵңôʧԼһôĳŵܾʹ˻ŵˣνˣˣһôꣿνˣҲȴɱ߸ϵνˣֻνѣҪңƫ
һһţת⣬˿̣ȻûʵϵսȴܼᶨϵܼǱ
ף
ۿСЩԾ⾪ҲĮζۿ׵ģǳ˵Ļǳϵ屾ϵľ֣ôһÿһ˵ڣ澭˾֮⣬ѨϣûרſѨϵߣٶپѨϣѨ֮ǣĲžʮԣʮѨϣһҲԣߣû˾
˵ţۿųϣʵΪʲô

ϿЦ㲻֪𣿡


1423 
֣ͨޱȣҲ벻ϱǾ֮ˣ벻û˾˾ۿ˵Ѩϡ
ۿ֪ǳڶȹˮʱͻȻʱ⣬һЩԽǳ㣬ۿʮѨϵĶģǳϻ£һѨϣ
ѨϣϽӴý٣ֻжһڵʱ˵ʲôѨ֮࣬ҪѨԻȴϣϱѨϣһжϴյһɽ
˵
˵˵
治˵
˵ˣ𣿡
ʱ䣬תٶȣſԪҺֹͣת֮ϢĹܣҲʧȥˣǿС磬Ҳήһԣ
ۿ˿۵ģĮ˵˵Ҳûϵҿ壬ʶʶΪϣʱеһô¶Ҳޱˡ
һ˵ó𾪲ѣ֣ô¶
ϸоԼȷʵ֪
۾˵󣬹ƸͣǹûĸоѾ˱ӣû۾Ϣ֮󣬳ӣûˣûбûģֻ񣬳Ͻ
Уתֹͣ
Ҳʱ򣬳ϵӸѪеѪԴԴϵ룬վλã̶ˮϿգ˲Ϣ֮ܵ
ȻʱḶ́ȴޱȣ޾ʹ࣬ʹ࣬ʶ񣬱ϵʹŨǧ򱶣ȳ̤һ;ܵʹ࣬һ𣬻Ҫʹ
ǣڸһ̣ӿģϲȻϲǿѹĵһ˿˿ҲûУȻҪǳ˲һ㣬Ҳƭǿ󵽼µۿĻᣬҲʧȥƻزۣ
УһҪĻڣǾʶܱûˣһ̸ı⣬Ļӣĳŵ񣬲ʶԣ
̣в׺ɣôԶ
ڣϵ̶ϿգۿҪϵüмײȥ·ҪϿֻۣҪν
ۿüĻ֮ľ룬һǧ֮һ˲ҪǶȥʱ򣬳ϻõˣҪͣ㣬ȻתһѪҺ֮Уһֱӿұۣ
ۿȷʵһͻƳȥɲǣͲˣۿܷŭΪϣȻܹԣûʲôҪǣֻһϷŪˣӻҪܣ
ǺεŴαϷˣأ
ʱѪҺһ˳Ⲩ˳ݺϣС㣬ֱҵ𵴲ѣƺһ̾Ҫѡ
ǣϵѾ˳һתһͣʱѾóɽһӣ
ʱۿĮ˵ţҶȡļ֮һһ˿ˡˣһһϣ
ȥ
˴ֿڣУǿӣݺۿУţɱҵˡˣΰɣӾǱøɸɾҲᣡ
ۿѾˣһȥѪɫâʧˡ
ѪɫâһʧӦˣѪҺ룬ҾѹסԪҺҲɿ˴룬ҲʼתҲ΢塣
Ȼá
ôӣ
ۿؾˣеľȳɷ֣ԳĮңϻؿۿҪȥǣȴͬ˸һ㣬ˡ
⣬ﻹףۿӣһ壬ȴ֪ʲôʣʹۿӣһһͼڴ½
һ뵽ˡ֡
ӣǴõģ
ۿУȻûɢϲŲۿǾȣĮֻҪǿ֣˫ӿҪô˻ᣬۿ顣
һҲûסۿֱӴѪһʱȻܿ壬ǣͨ汦Ӳȵ壬ȴûиı䡣
ǿ壬ۿֱӴȥˡ
ȷʵҲپȣǣΪһӣܸıҸ㣬ܣҪ£ܹı䣡
ۿ˵仰һӾ˳ϵü֮С
ϸоԼʶڱʴʶ뵽ۿ֮ǰ˵Ļӹȥҵʶ㲻УУ
Ͼ֣üĴȥ
ͬʱЩͷͷ²һĴڣʱãǹͷ᲻Ҳã


1424 ҷ
Ͻۿʱ򣬳Ͼܵ󲿷ֵɿתҲתṩϣۿںΪһ壬ԭĿ۾һüʱתܵͣܵõּ˲١
ȻϾԴУ֮ǰԪҺסѾˣϷһһķ
˵˿̵ҪҵƴɱǷƴɱǷʶ
һȥȫûʲôЧԼоһʹ
ۿҪ˲䣬ʶܵʴ֮⣬һӣƺ˳ϵʶԳϵͷΪ֣ţɳţͷϣһŹ֣һιˮ֣Ҳϣ
˵ǿһҵķ籩ܹκξ籩еĶ˺飬ٻΪãǳϷһĵһܹնκζĵ
նϣҲҪһ;
ȥ
˵ѾעҲֻĽָӱң
ǴΪʲôƫƫҪֻϹȥ
ֻãҵǰҪֻܳΪһս񣬶սǲܹģսػĶҲҪԶģܹģ
һǲףûȥ֮ԵɣҷģҲǶںηҶڽ£

ӾͷˣҪ
ʶУˮţ㣬תţ
Ҷ˵ˣˣȻҲ⣡ڳʶ䣬ʶƳһŽϲ˵ûκηأƴع
ʶ֮ս𵽵ã˵ʹöˣɢ⣬һٸߣʶУ·ʵʣǿѾͱնȥ
籩ˣеĶˡ
ٴλصжŨ˵ûõģˣҸ˵죬ҲңΪ˵źģ
δƽϢⱻ˿ѷ˽ȥ
һȴδͣȣ֮⣬̵̾ģ⣬ƣ
ꡭ
ĮļЦʶϵⲢûƣĳӵһ㣬˫ѾѪüĴ۾ҲھҵķӼתȨһ㡣
Ҳţ
ⲻûмӿøӷˡ
ò˵ͷһƴɱټ̫֮Ӵ󣬳·磬ʶǿѳ˿˿ѷ졣
ӳѷ죬ˣͬӣҪѿ
壬̫ˣ
Ժģ壬ǣ汦ӣȴۣ̫ˣϸûʱȥĺ壬ֻ̫壬ҲӦҾͰһ
ϸоһֱõʹʶУӵϵ棬ÿһѪܣÿһ⣬ÿһͷǳÿһÿһǳѨоƱݻһڴݻٵͬʱһֽȻͬģлԣҲΪǿѪɡ
ǿҪ֪ϵľѨɣЩȫԭⲻѪϸоһɸӴǿ
ǣȴģ
ǿӣ˿̣Ҳġ
תøˡ
ʶУǿƽǿӣģһ⣡
졢Խ룬һڣħӡ
ʶЩ
֣˳ϵõϢ
𡪡
ϸӷˡ
ϣֽгϣе˼Ĺ»ͦӵͼڴ½
һɣϺƸֹңõĹڳϵϢǰĳһҲģҲģȽϺýͣʶеĴսóϵʶûˡ
ǣٻңȫ֮ҲһĿȻ
ֱٱʶȴΣûлٵʶֶΣǰϰġն飬ն棬ȴҲûնʶһУֱħ
ζ
ʶлʱһ׻֮ǰ˵ĻٴظҪɱˡ

ϵ⣬˲
ͬʱϽǵȫ嵽֣ôһ˿˿Ȩʮͷȫ˳ŹͷģһٶʮƬ


1425 ͷֳҶ
ͷûãϲ֪
ͷ۾ǲһ壬ֻǲ²⣬Ȼֲ²ĿԼ󣬴󵽰ٷ֮ʮϣ࣬һǰٷ֮ʮΪʵǰٷ֮ʮĿܣҲû˿塣
ֻǣ־£ϲòץסκһ˿˿ܣ֣൱һС긻ǿֵ׳ĴˣһܲƽƴɱҪʤ֮⣬Ҫ
ӣһ򣬿ǣһӵ򣬻ûдﵽŤתĵزҪЩͷпˮҲпֻڳϸٻˮ꣬ȻϸоˮܹԼǣһ̣ϸоһˮټͺˮһ
ԣֻʣ¹ͷˡ
ͷһ׳ü۾һââɨʮͷϣͷԣɢһ˵Ĺâ
ͷ⣬ƬҲ֮⣡
Ȼֹâϲǣŵһζ
ɢâĹͷϳˣЩͷǼΪسΪش󣬼ΪعŹ֣䱾ʲôһλġ
Уӵ鴦õǸϸоָǵ׳ͷһ飬ͱȳϵӻ˲٣˵ͷ
ǣЩͷѪڳѪ֮һЩͷҲѪ֮Уңͷ˱仯СˣüΪʺϳ塣
Ǹ׳ָǣ˳ϵСָѪһҪȡ֮ڽ˳ϵָͱ˳ϵһ
ſͷҲֱλȥϥһ飬ҽС飬ߴһ飬λһ飬ı۰һ顣
ͷ˳ϵıǴȴûһ𣬶Ƿֿġ
ʮͷϹͷ֮ʱЩƬҲϷڳϣǰͷһƬ˳ϵҽСȴ
ͷߴСˣЩƬĴСҲСˡ
ʣµƬظڳϣһ飬һ飬ģȴǸԶԶȥϾһؤװһһ鲹һ鲹ġ
仯ֻڵʯ֮䣬ˣþϻûзӦô¶ڹͷ룬ƬϵɲǣǿӴ籩˲ֹͣˡ
켴ԺһӣôĹͷʮ飬ƬңǴģ
Ӿˣ˵һ⡣
ظо⣬ϸⲻģΪЩͷЩƬӣǿˣûлһϣڹͷ֮ϣˮ׵Ĳˮ䣬֮ܿסģֻԼ
ܾģҲֻԼ
Ͼ
⣬δӿҲӵʵʻƸŨʶкõʶ֪ͷ˵𣿡
éٿ֮Уǣɳʶķ籩ԽԽСˣϸоЩͷɢһĪЩȫ۵ü۾
ӵתǣǿȴ΢ˣʶеǹɷ籩ѾɢˣǵⲢûʧǰ̡
ͷѪûнһлڽţı仯ȻǲףĿǰҪģӣ£պ˵
ϵĵ棬ת٣ЩѪҺԽԽ࣬ЩϲûֱӦãûЩҲЩѪҺ
ƺֹӵȴֹˣǰŰϵӣҲʮͷ۾ټƬƺһ
ʶ죬û뵽ֶλһ㶼٣ҳЩʧ㣬ǣΪˣʹشˣ
δ䣬Ͼ͸оһü۾˵ۿʶǿӣӵŨʼڷѿ
ЩȴǸҵв󣬵ǣȴػ𣻳㽫Ҵܣϧ򲻰ңԣһжûãеͷеʶҾͽ㣬Ǻǣҷ֣飬ԽԽ˼ֺţ϶ϸʹ򲻰
ҳϣҴ򲻰㣡
һЦţʼҶҶ籩һʶֹӣȴ˵ܽػ
ֻڼЦţֵ˵Ҵ򲻰㣬ΪҲ뽫ܣΪģǻ㣬㣬㣡
һһ䣡


1426 
Ц˵ģ
˻һ䣬ͬƬҶӣָ׸ǰСȻָֻһСɢܣȴ۾ɢһ͡
ˣ
һʣƴС֮ʼС
֮СԭͬڶԵѳԹǧ飬ͬɢȭͷսٴȥ
С
һ۾ͽϵĴ㿴⻯ûãܻʲôûãᶨޱȣּᶨǰֲһһݽϾ۾ͷƬɵĹƣǰ׸ģڳϣֵĵֻǳóʲôŹֵĶǵĳϵʵĻ̡ᷭ
ҵ⣬ȷҪ죬ǣֹ죻ˮۣһҪң˰˵Ĵڣˮ򣬻Ϊۣ֮
Ϸĺֶ˿ļµĸоǵˮŻȴֱֱɽ֮˫ϸȥܿˮ֣Ȼתԣת
е˼
䣬ڶƬָ״Ҷӳ
ϲֵĵ٩ҲŨ͵ƣֻŷ˵㲻ҪҵʶҸ㣬ʶΪѪ⣡
ʱ֮ϣ˺ѪĶ
Ѫ⣿
Ƭָ״ҶϣصζɣҲʶΪѪһ̣üΪƲƬҶҡΡ
Գ죬ԳǺôôһȴҪǣɱҸĸˣ󣬵λٸߣҲһϲ̨Сѣˣҵı֮֮Ϊ֮ģ
£С顱

ƬҶӾңָоһɲݺӵ˿øСˡ
˿Ҳһ֣һҵʶҵսô֮Ϊۣ֮
䣬ʶУϣγһƬһƬۣ
ûУ
֣˵ƬҶӣ
ҷģղҪһ·ɱǰڽ£֮ԣΪ
֮ɱ֮ǣ
֮񣬻
֮ƴһ
һ£ʶУѪ⡢ۡǡԾȫѾֻһָָССȴȫǾɢź춯֮
ţųϵԣ˫Ŀˮ򣬳ָ֣оΣһɱӡͷʢΣƬҶҡεøӾңƬҶӣƬҶӣ˲
嵽ǰʱѾ˾ƬҶӡ
Ǿ֮
ܱң۾Ҳˣص˵ҲãһˣҾܹõؿЩͷֱеĹͷࡢѪȵȣʱҲҪΪҵһһῴţҧ˵Ĺ
ϲŲܣеһУƴһˣغţ̣
ŵһӽоƬҶӵ֣̽˶Ȼ˱ֽ֮ȴֱ˳ģƬҶӽĸΧסҪȽĸˡ
ƣ飬٣
һ
һ֮£֮ÿһѪ⣬ÿһۣȵеĴڣȫԺڶʽתɢܣְΧ
ɲǼ䣬ǾƬҶӣͿҶ
ݣϸˣ
ʱЩˣصɱҵģ㲻ɱˡ
͵
ϸˡ
ҶӣֿƬ
ھƬ
Ƭ
ڰƬ
˲䣬ֻʣһƬҶӣһҶƺҲҪʱͻήȴЦ˵ܵġаƬҶӳٳɾҶ֮ơ
ж٣Ҿ̶١
ϷţɶҶˣ̣ʮϢֻʮϢʱ䣬ȴùô
ȻѾС˲٣ȻͣسҶӣžҶȴûĶ
˿̾ƣռϷ硣
ǣȴĵǣľƣ⣬ʵ򰵲ΣֻҪһСģˣˡ
ңϸо֮ͼƺҪľһ֮۾֣ԡ⣬ӲᵭֻŨôĵþ
أ
һʣʱоڿήһȻܿƴ󲿷ֵ壬ȴڿήһûµӿ˫һ˲䶨⣬Ҫսٴθ֡
㣬


1427 𣬵ֻ
㣬
ǳϵһι
ԣȻô򵥵ģ㻹㣬֮Ҷĺڶ϶ɣеĺڶȫһ֡
︺
Ȼֻôһ仰ûпڰ׹ȫݣǣϸԼʵ飬Ѿµ˲٣֮֡
ʶˣ
ת
һתʱҶӣֿһƬһεĿݣĿݣȫȫرˣҲûľˡ
һ
ڷֱӵı֣ή÷ɿ죬ϵ㣬Ҳڷɿתʱ䣬ϵȿήǳϾͰˣ׵ðˡ
෴ȱϾܻ
ڶҶή
Ҷή
Ҷή
ϵ֮ȴһȭͷĻ𣬿ήĴָСֵǣϵ壬ȴûпήһ֣ɢŨŨϢһԿϵΣڵϦ
Ҷή
ھҶή
ֻ֮ĴָһشС
Ҷή
ֻ֮ʣָ׸ǰ
ڰҶή
֮һ㱣ֻ֮һָ׸ǴС
𣬸ȥ
ϱŭҲҵĽֳͻΪһ壬֣֮˵ˮ齻ڡ
ھҶή̶ֱ̣޷֮ϴʱֻ֮ʣһ㣡
ǿ֣ûֽ֣޾طŭˣѾûа취㾹һ֣ҼƻΪƻب£Ȼƻˣ
ֻǸտʼ
ش۾͸׶ּʧһϢ˵СӣҼסˣгϣǻټģ
ȻҪ棬ҵ𣿡
ϵʶѾӦ֮ûˣһֶΣˣʶعƽǹ⣬ȴڽÿһʶ
⣬ϻظоԼʶĳֱ仯ɾǺα仯ȴ˵ϵ֮Ȼֻʣһ㣬һ֮ȴ˲ޱ󣬳ԭ֮
ϢϢ䣬ǵ£
Σ
ȴûһڻŸղŵһУܹ٣ӡͷƬЩҪãǻۿϲֽһʶսпܣͱˣֵĿģ͵óˡ
˵۾͸ûиȴһֱвַ֣ģҪȻ˵һ
ȻⲢ˵۾ͷ֣ϸоͷԭˣ϶ǿǿǿֵˣҲҪب֣ȴϣֻͨؼҵСӸƻˡ
ƴɱһ̣ڣоһĻչֳİ壬Ǳ㣬ȺڶߵĴڰ㣬ֻǣһĻʧ̫죬ڵھҶʧһ̣Ҳʧ
𣿡
ʣɲһһս֮󣬳˲£Ҫɱս񣬱ϵĹͷĪϵ
ͬʱϲ׵ģҲˣֵһʲôߣֵļƻʲô̤һĳС
˵Щģ͵֣óͷѣ֣ͷһͷ֮ǿǱһ˿ɫǿ̫̫࣡һͷĻǳϵˣ治һǿ
ͷ꣬ߣûϵ棿뵽ҪɨһɨȴѾˣһ˿档
вһ̾Ϣ
һǧϾ֮ףҪעתƣ͵ط֣һ˿棬ǻʣһ㣬֮ͬһ㣡
һϿϲΪףǰ֮£ܴµһֱǿԪڤĴڣ֣֮
һ㣬㹻ˣ
ǳϻָĵһϲţϲϵ壬ʧһ̣Ѫ⣬汦Ҳٲˣ
УЩͷûдӳϵôڳϹͷüļǿ۾Ҳûгֻȥμ˿
ȷȷʵʵģ˵ֻۣ
ûʧģǹͷǶѪܣǹעڵ
һЩǾϲ
ȴϲ˭֪Щͷô¶ЩѪܣЩ˵ϥЩѪҺ


1428 䱸Ѫ
ͷ
ǣӽ䷢ֵĵط겻ܼĻУηȵͷǿӹɣϻɣں־Σ֮ôǿ֮УΪ۾ͷԭ
ȫһֱ
ͷϴתղֵƴɱ֮Уǽ֣ԤϵԺϴٺôٰ
ǣѡ񣬳ԸҪֺô
һս֮УԹͷйŵὫͷȫŵϻȥȻȥռֻǣ϶ԹͷȫӵΪǽ䱸رͷơ
˵һ֣ѣ˭֪һǵĹϵֻʲôԺֻʲô֣Уǣ᲻ὫĨȥȡ֮
ʱĹͷ٣ֲʲôͷأľϿǸողžѪҺʶᣬЩͷֱӴĹͷᡣ
󣬹ͷ뷨ǳٵΣʱӼѣΣ
á
ͬǸνĽ
뵽˼תҪȥǽضǲģĿûеó֮ǰֿɲҪҪǱȡˣƾĮ֣ΪֺпܲȥȽǽֵ֪Ĵڣǹ⽫͵ֵ
ƵƷ߼üͷȴĻûбҪҷҷ³ŵȻʣҪһϵΪȫìܣ˿Ͳֵ֪Ĵڣ֪˵ʲôǲֱȽҪ߽ףͷҪ󣿡
ڣϵʣѾӼ磬쵽ϴޣּ½򵥣򵥣ôŽЩң½½ĴӲϣ
½ʲôܣǸһͳ½ڣô¶һһͷʹȴֲò⣬üĴûκβʵĴڣֻۣеֲԾ֮УȴôҲ֮ȥ
˼лصԼ㻹ѪѪڹѪȫһţѪҺϿȫһЩǰҰȵȶѪЩѪҪǲؽ϶ԺɼΣ
ͷԺҵͷ᲻ҲҪڽҵ棿
ţͻؿȲλɷһףΪϣĺ񲻽ǹͷ۾ѪЩƬЩƬҲûд䣬ͬҲѪ֮Уȴȫȫ룬ǱһźĴڣ
óн䱸һμͬʱиǲˬ
Ȼˬ鲻ˬĿǰҲް취ֻˣǣͣһƶϸƴȡջԭԼ壬ֻԼ壡
̧ͷ˿죬γɵؾ֮ؼǵã֮ǰڶӧս֮ʱ۳ѪɾѪҪѪ
ǣղ֮ǿ֪ѪҪǿٱȻֻʶǸ˵֮ŨˣȴûҪ֮Ľѳ֡
Īǣؾȫˣʹоţ΢µģӣ㡭á𣿡
ã
ҲΪѵػһ֣켴ѹǧ˼ת㣬¡ǻȥʩԮȣرǾ䣬ĽⱻִӸϸٵˡ
ת֮£Ϊһ壬ظоƺڷɱ䣬ԽԽǿǰƷ׶ΪĽ׵Ļڵǰ˽ףǾŽף
㷭һ
Ҳ˵һ֮൱ǰ֮
β˻ᣬˮ֮Ϊһأ֮ǰˮ֮ʱֹںϡԪҺÿһΣתǽÿһÿһˮ֮ת᲻Ҳܴﵽںϵľأ
ͨˮ֮ԡ㡱ڣԺȴǸϢڵĻ档
ں֮ϣĿһݣϣɢŨۻ֣Щϵ⣬ѪҺеʣ𾪵ǣУһѪ飡


1429 ӺδѪ
Ѫ飬ŨʵȴҺת˲ȷϣҺ̬ǹ̬ΪѪ˵ĳϣҲȷе˵
ֻǸоѪ飬ȲҺ̬Ҳڹ̬Һ̬̬м̬һ״̬һֳ֪״̬
ͬҲǳϵֱ޷˵
֮⣬ϻоѪ̺ӴһѪ֮Ѫ鲢ûдڳϵУڳѪд
Ӱһȴһۼ£
Ѫ鴩˳ϼ棬ͣ˲ӺǴ¡൱ڼ׵֮ף
ЩѪ飬ʲôã
ɻţ·֣ѪߣϲƣѪô¶üͷڱ𣬻˵̾ʱĲҺʧˣ϶ģǾԳ˷ܵĺ
УҲоǹ֮ǰʹ̶ˮȥĹҲʧˡ
һж˵ֵĻúǡϻȶѪħ䣬ѾˣﲻѪȻȻԴԴѪӺζ
̤һȦӣ̤һֵȦӣ뵽ϵĵֻۣͷˮףˮ꣬ǿС磬϶Щˡ
֮ĸԵǻĳʱľаٺһһͻľٶһ㣬Ҳ޷⣬Լ侲
һ˲ҪˣҶԼ侲һЩ⣬ôܹģһ죬һжˮʯģֻҪøǿ㹻ǿʲô֣ʲôһȭУʲôһȭ˽ᣡһ仰ķ･ʧָƽ̬֮
˵մȾģ᲻ԣѾǵͶֵǿˡϿɲ֪ǵģɲֻһ֣ؾΧˣԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽң˵ţ˵ؾǴ½ᴩģҲ֪˭µؾȻǿˣ
½û˵˭֪ʲôͼ½
һǵͼ½һ˵½йŹ֣
ʲôŹ֣ȥ֪ˡ
ҪܹȥͽȥˣΪȵõ𣿡
Ȼ֪ܽȥҸҿ϶Ҫ½Ĵ۾ԲС

ڶۣһܸĴۣҶ뵽½ȥɱǸˣ
ͬʱ½ϣɢĹââֱȻķȥתۼ仯ΪΣؼ䣬ȴ˿˿仯
һߣվڹâ֮ǰˣ˽½Ѿ⣻⣬֪ܷӶãУʤûУ
켴ᶨ˭Ҫ½ˣҪصĴۣ
֮⣬ͼڴ½ϣһл֮ˣͼڴ½ϣΪ׵ģȻӣƺ廳ʲôһҲնȥ飬ǿй䣬ȴĵ̣ԽԽ
壬ǽȣرǾն֮󣬸ǽ߷壬ͼڴ½ڵĲ壬ĪҲӣʥĵطһ
ΰޱȣɢĹ⣬̻ģǳϣϵĻУСãǳϣСڣʵĴڣ
ͼڴ½Ϸ飬ϲ֪˿̣Ѿģרעشʹˮ֮ںϣ˼룬ÿһˮ֮תεĴ֮ˮ֮Ϊһ壬ȻϸоһڣȻڣѾˣѭ֮ǰӣϣܹؾڵˮ֮
ˮ֮ڣǻ֮أǵǸ˵У˵ܲɷ֡
̽Լĵ㻹ԪҺתԥϸݸղŵˮ֮ںϵľ飬ʹ֮
ʱ˵ڶѪ飬ڶѪֵ˼׵ĵڶͷ棡
֮˵Ѫ飬ͬҲ˼׵ڵͷ棡
ŵѪѪʧѪҺͣѪܣҲ࣬ɼ㲻࣬ϴ˿Ѫܣһˣ
ôѪܣǸǻնˣѪǸ𣿡һ켴̹ȻǸǻҶˣˡ
ѪҺȫͬʱҲ


1430 ǧ·

ֵעģǳԭȾеģ˿̣ȫ˳Լ
һǧ
ǧҲһջԽ
ؾǧؾ֮⣬ֻ֪ж٣ţٴ̽Լĵ
ѪҺƽ֮ڣԪҺתС磬ֵֻسֳϵȡԪҺᴿԪҺƷס
С绹С磬ֻǣҶС˲٣
תۣ¹ȥ
µʱ֮ҲںһʶڶˮǢޱȵദţңˮ֮򡢻֮ڣʶеˮҲһζ
ˮڣǷףأңҵûд棬ʲôѭ
ţѾĳ
Ҳһ̣ϸоˮˮټϼˮ꣬ˮɫѪռ˸һ룬ڣȴȭͷС˵ղˮҲ˲СĴۣԺһ仰иоҲ϶ᱻ𡣡
ˮеָľ֣
˫ң纮˪ֻ֪ҷǳҪʱˡ
ҡ
Ҳκɣ֪ͷСǣڣ·ѡһ·ңȫȫ׵׵ĳڶ·뿪ңҸɣжԶ߶Զպͬİ··ɱң߱ɱ
ҲˮڵѪǲڹͷģǰЩһսͷӿս⣬ˮȴټϣֵ֧ƬУԲ²ͷؾйأؾˮֵˮЩܹ˵Ѫǹͷġ
Ѫ˭ģʲôͷѪĺ棬ʲôϲܣҲȥܣҪܣ͵иǰᣬܿ
Ͻˮ꣬ˮ¶Ĭ飬ϵԺУȴ𣬡ңպңһܰܶæ
߰ɣ
ϵ˵ˮЩңǴˮ٣Ѿ¶ˣ׷ɱܿͻʱ뿪ϣûڼ̵ʱڻָʵӦ׷ɱߣҪ֮㲻ߣڶ·Ͳѡ·Ǹ붼룬ҪɱϣɽͲ䵽ˡ
ڶ··߲ͨˣֻʣ˵һ·ǣˮЩԸ⣬ڹֵλ
ߣұƴ㣬ҲպҴ鷳˵꣬ϴ֮䣬رĳ죬һ
ˮһų˵
Ѿȵ
ۿҪˮԺһ·ֻ棬뵽ˮ١֣뵽ȫָ֮취ѡ
ǣڳ֮ʱϽڳԺѡһ·
ҪԺٷ飬ҾͻὫ㳹ɱڣҪ𣿡

ˮѡ
ǺãѪȡһγɱ䣬ˮһ㶣뵽˱ϿƵЩˣϼԪڤ٣ˮӿ˸ļ䣬һƳ˸һѪ
ϽӹѪҲ֪ܲܣϱרоһǡ󡱣ҪпˮֶΡ
ġִ֣Ӻ˵
ͨʱϸоһǵѪҺıоϲǾɥϲã˵ЧȻκηӦûС
ˮȻ֪ʲôųܹ
ǣʱţˮԽԽˡ
ʱ֮ˮӲѪǾһ߷壬ˮоѪҺ棬ƺһӡӡ
ˮؿųϣǲҪŵ飬˵Ժ鷳ұ㵲ˣʣɹˡ
켴Ͻˮ˻ȥ˵ˮףһɡ
ˮףϵ˲٣Ͼˮףʮɽڶʱ˺ڶǻкô£ңˮСŮһͬɽ׷ֵģ˵ʲôϵ
⻪һˮ׸ڳϡ
ˮףڣʲôĿģʲô˵˵𣿡


1431 
ʳ嶼סˮףȴûκαʾԺûлصҲûʶˮ׵˼
ûмڵš
һ˲䣬ԺֳǸսĻ棬ǧ˵ս棬һս֮һ֮ңնɱнۣһأѾʥ۷壬ҲҪȭ¡
ȻսŵɱȻóϸоľսʶϲ֪ˮٴθֳ⸱ʲô˼ȴһĻᣡ
ϲϴɱսеҲãɱҲգս⡢⡢âŭȵȣȫ
ȻǼ򵥵
ܿ죬ϱоڱǿǱըʣµһҲдƣҪµҲô˻ᣬ
ǣ뵽Ǭת
ǬתھתҪתľϸоáǬתɣǿȻʥ֮ϵߣõ٣ǣѪɫâƴɱֵıȴҲ˵ãӦôޣ
ѹϷֻǣþһأӪˣûиоϵĴڣһΣ˵Ŀ⣬˳ϵϡ
ûκǧ˾ͬˮɱϴ󾪣þµɱǿɲһ㣬ңⲢǳϵı롣
侪ȴûˣ˳ϵս⣬ХϷȥǧˣ֮
ɱĲңÿһϢÿһ˲䣬Եǻ֮䣬ϸسɳɱսȵȵĸ
һ̣˶ãϲ֪Ҳһ˲䣬Ҳһ꣬ǸսӳԺʧ󣬳ϻع񣬿˿أʱ𣿡
ˮ׻ûʧ
ڳ˵Ǿ仰Ժصһ𣿡
ûͷûԵһ仰ˮʧˣҲûӰ˳˼ˮ֪ǸʱΪʲôһʾ
ŸղŵǸ֮飬뵽ƴɱʱٻˮ׵Ĺעһ̶뵽ܹؾʹãֵܹѪɫâ򣬡ˮÿεĳ֣Һпʱ֣ˮһиسɳԲȥټ
лˣܰʲôæ˵϶ˮ˵һ䣬Ȼˮʧˣˮܹһˮ׳ϸоŨ˲٣ΪûͻƵļ󣬡ؾԭɡ
һ˺󣬳Գ˽ָЩȥ·ţԪڤ٣ص¡ҡܵȵȫס˾䣡
룬޸ǵƣpӿģŨŨp˵ʥҩ
ʱ֮ƻָһ룬ϷԸصԴһЩҩȥٴγ֮Уֵ֮£Ҷ
ܣȴǽˮ̶
Ծ˫ۿն˹ȥھߣˣɲǵܹģһ֮˵𣿡
ûзӦͬʬ⡣
ľˣûҪٻҵİΣͻȥɣ
˻һ˿˿תͷųϣһһ˵Ҵȥһ㲻˺ʹûɣҲ
˼˵Ҹȥ֮ͻˣ
˵ʲô˶죬ȴˡ
Ľأ

˵ǽ֮󣬽ܴɣγһѽѵˣĽҲ𣿡ʣ˾⡣
ϼ˵Ĳص㲻ͬڽ֮һҲụ̂ǣ֮ͨҾ١ˮһϣûнûУһξĽ٣ѵͲܶȹν٣ԡ𣿡
ƶ
Ľ⣬ǴӿռѷΪ㲻ܳô˻ᣬԼĽأ
ĽǣǲһУԼһУÿһݣֻǵһݣѵȴ𣿡
ѵųǣԺὣ֮һ֣

ųһһغԽԽĿ⣬ƺֻһѰѷĽһȣˣ
ϲ˵
䳯ųϣؾһֿ˵лл㡣
Ƿһ飬ԺҸȥҪŬˡЦ˵һһ˵ӴԺҵֵܣֵܣ
϶ž䣬Цȥ£̶ֻ֣֣ڿл죡
Ҳʱͻˮ̶ȥ


1432 Ϊʵ
ܵĶ˵ע⣬ջΪģֵܵľͳϣĿϣͬǣǵУɻ󣬳ϵ۾ȴأ
һֱ϶ûн˵ǡս񡱵Ǿ仰Ϸԣܣʧ˼꣬Ī˵ʲôߵǾ仰ҲǽԴ
ο֮ǰֵƴɱ֮УҲȷ˵ˣֹɱսս񳹵սᣬıͷ˵ġ
ʵô߽ȥˡ
һܾҪ̤ˮ̶֮С
ͻֹסˣϣȴһɲֱ͸ˮ̶棬ܵ飬Ҳ£һŨŨսɢ
˸ɻʱһԾˮ̶֮У켴һĻ˾ȵĻ֣ܷһԾʱˮ̶ˮһֱգͬ⣬ˮһһɽ¶һ׵Ԩ
ƽ˵̽ȥ鿴Ԩ״ؾвͨˣ˶ԨϤ
޻ڵ׹ȥ
ԥ£˵ңԳǣ䱾Ҳ֮Ծµģ뵽Ŀǰʵ˸鷳֮⣬Ͱﲻʲôæ£ϥڵأĽԺڷŽⱻȫ˲䣬ָоָоӣ꣬һ׷Ľȴڲͣų϶˵ĻԡƶһУ١
ԨҲ̫֮ǰƵؾ˵ŷ֮һˣֻǣԨһɿ񱩵˺ŽԨһУ
Ѫ֮󣬸޾Ⱪ֮ǣܾͲһˣϾ˺ۣ׹ǣϱֻӣ뵽һĻĻͣס֡
ٶҲ죬һ֮󣬳ʵأȻʵʵĵϣϵüͷȴýȻؾеľءϪˮľ֮Уɳϻ΢΢ظоصϢǣһϢûУǳϽԪҺ㡱תҲûУ
˵
ţؾⱩĴأȫɵĴأ
Ϊʵ
ؾˣȻÿһǧȴȻܽΪʵ壬˵γһƬء
һֳ嶯׷ĳ嶯ҪƬشڼĳ嶯ڳӿ𣬲ϻǻѹɳ嶯
֮ѹ³嶯һϸͲϤ˭֪᲻ʲôѣĿǰҪܣǳϳôĥԼľ
ǰȥ˵Ǹɾų߾Ŵ糤һһһֱֱڿգȴ鸡ڿգһͷӵϣͷӣ״һܵĹͷӣֻͷӼΪӴ󣬱ܵı壬ҪϰٱǱȳɽ׿ܱ񶼻Ҫ
ܹͷ棬һӣֻһۣϾͲ뿴һĸо˵ǼӣҲȫɻʵγɡ
Ŀٴϣɱս񣬿ɲô򵥣˵ҪĿ飬ô飿
ʱ˫ѾѪܣͻطһ³Ѫܹͷϣܷ˳棡
Ѫһͷ֮ǲ֪˶õĹͷӣȻֻһɽӶǳҡΣ񶼲㱻壬̶Ͽϡ
ܣֱֵܵӱҵڵأһϢţǹͷӷ㣬ʸ񣡡
˵꣬ͷû۾ӵ۾ɨһ۳ϣ켴ָֻ֮ǰǰ㴣ƣ
ͷܵһۣһֱڶΧĸооóľǼ˳ϵս⣬Ҫ֮սһϻסˣΪܵս
ʩչԪڤ٣ˣʣǼʲô
ʱ̣վ˿ԥޣͷܳȥһĽֱӱñԵ
ܶʼˡս
֪ƣ룡
ϵ۾ȴ˸ž⣬ͷÿƶһʼΪǹͷܵһңɿԽ࣬ϾһУǲ̺δĴڣ
ͬʱһߣˣ


1433 ޣϴ
սһ£Ȼͷܵһ£
ϵս⣬ȴԽԽŨ
ϣԹߣɴ˿̣Ҳ˽ȥȻûȭܷĳͻģǹͷӵبδһң
Խ࣬Խ࣬ԻþԽ࣬þԽһưأϵԺҲһʽĻ档
죬£죬¡
ڳԺεĻ֮󣬳ڿ˲Ӱһ̶ʮٵȳϿӸ߿ϣһǧӰʱһµʱȥˡ
ϲûл񣬷Ǹˣ壬ʶֻһȫһ֮УԪڤһֱ棬ܱҵڵأԪڤپԶܲסܾˣͼս
ɢս⣬ԽԽϡ˱仯ȴܻɥˣս־ˣս
һֹȥˡ
ܹĲӰѾʮ
ȻʮǲӰȴЩӰȫʵģңÿһӰ̺Ķһ˵ڳϿǲһġ
ĸ£
£
ھŸ£
ת۰꣬Ѿȹʱ⣬ȹʮգʱ䣬пĲӰʮǧ
󣬾ôһ룬ôܳӰȷʵˣӰ֮󣬳ϿĲӰ࣬Ǽ٣ȵ
ھŸ½ʱ򣬲ӰѾٵ
ˣӰڼ١
Ӱٵһʱֻȥһµʱ䣬ȻϻûѣܻظˡսĳѾûһս⡣
ȻûѣģѾֻǲӰ⣬뵽ҷն뵽˴ĳϿһ仰磬һ磬ɽɽڶ磬ɽɽ磬ɽɽ
ǻҲȴˣʱӰ˲˿ͬһȪϴųϵ;
ʮ󣬳̧ͷ˵ôһңʱУ޲ӰûС
޵Уٴеޡ
ҷնڶʽҲһϲԾ뵽׵׵ƵĻ棬һộɽ磬ˮҲ硣
üͷٴν
ˮˮƣˮ֮򣬹֮ʲôˮŹҽˮ֮£ʲôͬӰһˮƼֱˮûˮƣûˮƣֽʲô
һΧأһ˿ƶûУԴˣһȶûУĲӰɲǲӰвӰ˼˵ȷĿͷܵĿƣĿƣǿ˲֪򱶡
Ȼȥ˴ʱ򣬵ϵĸоȴǲһܻβسȥÿһΣеģ
ϲ֪Ҫͨ飬սɱ֮·ʱõĻǾڴ˴Ȼؼңʱɱսڴ˴飬ܣ
ţֻһȭǰһȭ֮ǰһΪȭͷӰ˲ޣſ££
䣡
һš
һأûǰһڵϣվţ˵ϾѺۣ·ټһݣѹܣǣȷʵֱֱվˡ
ڣ㹻ʸˣ
仰£ͷͻȻˣ֮ǰһ̣ͷܵĿ⣬ϵüĴۣ켴ͷıѣؿһֱ壬ܵ壬ͿЩѵĹͷҲӡ
һĻ۾ͻޱȣ
ʱ֮ܵӣѾ֮ǰǹͷӸӵӴ󣬻ɢһֲֿϢʱһУԶɵͬʱܵԺŻӴ˿һս񣬵㻹սǿΨһ;Ҫûսסʹػˣ֮սҫ
ʧˣϵĿֲϢȴûʧȻֲϢûԳϣǳҲڿֲϢַΧ֮ڡ
ȴûеֿϢ֡
ڵʲô磿𣿡ʣֲϢʧˣָֻԭСʱߵǰϴ󣡡


1434 Ҳأ
ϴ󣡡
ܺȴûӦʵս񣿡
ǣ
ս񣿡
һΣܻϴȴ֪ΪǴδģԭһδģܿǼЩͷ
ϵһʣɱս˼ڶΣǷǰģϿս֮ΪϽͷܵĻ濴
Щǿģ׽ĴڣϿɲʧȥģһֶܽȡ֮˵ôôһ߹ͷˡ
ܾǲǰܣ޴ӿ֪
ϵʻǰһЦˣ˵ϴҪǴģ仰˻ش𣬳֪⣬ҲЦˡ
ǣδ
ս㻹ҪʲôҪûУǾˡϹУûȥǼӣûս˵õʵ֮⣬õʲôʲô֮࣬ûʡ
սȴԳ˵ϴǼӣ㻹ǽȥһ°ɡ
ϲͷҪ˵ǼӲ棬Ǽٵģǣֻ뾡ػؼңǣսȻ˵ˣֲһˡ
Ҳȥأ
Ҿϴţֱϴȥ
˼
ǵģϴ󡣡
ġָȴֻѾʧĹͷܣش𣬳ûԥҪվתֱȥתۼ߽˽ȥսȴ⣡
γɵӣտյģһ߲ȱĹͷϴƬ
߹ͷɲһ飬Ǻܶ飬ңһȽĲ֣ǣȻ֪һ֣һ߽ȥͷҡ
һһͷߵԽǹͷҡεԽ˷һ㣬üģֻѾֳɨڹͷ棬Ĺâٴֳϼ״һƬã˵ڽҵӣ
ͷ£Ƶͷ
кܲˬȴЦҲأ˵仰ϾͽȫԼ岿ʮͷΧ۾һвͻ᲻ϧƴһƴʯ٣Ϊϲ˴һѻȥͷִһвͼǳԸؼң
ȻϵǣͷûзӦڵĹͷֻ۾ûзӦֻǳϵԺһ棬ʼĻ棬ǳǴĵطһֱ죬ֱһĤĻ档
أϱ뵽ðѰҵ·Ǵ棬ǳڣ
ڹͷΪЩԻ󣬻оһɱ˵ķΧһƣҪóȥ
£ľʹȥǳϾͲǳˣңƾŹͷ죬ҪӲҲеֿ֮ͷɲôͷһ·İԹͷĳŵ˵ҿڣǡ
ûм˵ȥ˼ȴԶ
˳ӦͷֱײȥײĵطȴǳϵţиλãҲǴӲӵһأ
ظֵĹͷ
ûκβĸоͷĲʲôûĽ䱸ظͷ֮󣬳ûиоӣȵȣĽϷһ
ϻоظͷȱһЩ߹ǣҲ飬ߵĹͷȱʧһЩ
ͷ֮ǼƬָڳϣΪҪλǰͱȹͷƬʧ֮γɵĴغӣʼ䡣
ԳΪģغӾˮһӿƽž⣬һУܿ죬Ϣ䡣
֮Щʵȫں۳һĴָСӣڳģһԺ͵һԺЩǶĸ
֮⣬
ϵȴʧˣȴܸоǵĴڣһվ׵ģ
˫ȭͷý
˿ֳΪԨܣ϶ս˵߰ɣ
ǣϴ󡣡
ӰֱϴܣԨܣѾûЩҵϳɽ¶ʱӣҾ֪ûµġ
ʦ𡣡
صҲǴһһһʾ⣬˵ˣ
Ÿˣ
Ÿ£
ϴ󾪣̤ȥ˽ں󣬳ţû뵽һôãȻ£ʱ䣬Ĳתʱ󷨣ͺˡ
ͼճ̣Ȼͼпʧʵǣн֮


1435 ķƶ
춯˵ӵ˽ǣڽһʱϢǴ˳ȥܿ죬ͱ鲼ʮޣ֮ȥģǳһгϵϣ·ǿߣԼܹõôˣ
ϴ޵ıʿһʱҲԵģֲĹ֣û˶پ⣬Ҳˣǧｹ产ˣǲ˲٣Ϊǳ͸ϴصģ˵أܹͻĹôǵأ
ҲȥˣȻҲʲô˼棬ģ뿴ϣϾĳ̶ֳ˵Ͽνͬһϵˣ
޾մΧԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽߣΧУһԣ˵Ѿҵɴ˽½ʧȥϵ½
ͼڴ½ϣһˣѾĻأϵǣûдŭȫȥΪַ֮ͨס壬ƽ׽˵ཻ
ӵ½ǲ⣬壬κһˣһУܽͼڴ½Ĩȥǣû˭ҲӣЦദ
ûзѶõĹӾ˽帴˵ʼĩȻȫһЩҪĶ֪֪Ѿˣ磬̵ӣгϣ
£һϢ½ȥһгϵˣ֮ģгϵĻмơ
֪Щûº֣ǽӽ峤СݼָСݼӵ£ɻˣ֪δģֻǿӵЦݣԽӵؿˣǺܾûм˿ˣӵ˵ţȻôȻͲˣ
ߵĸ޴أǷڲѣһߣϢȴûдôңеļֿסˣΪγһƬǷ̤ߣɱ⣡
⼸֣ܽģΪʥ֮ǽȻڣûʧе۷ߣҲʥΪֺ¶棬һ˼ϹＶ׼һУĤ̤ؾ֮С
˵ʧò֪ϢˣҲǲ٣Щ֪Ϣˣŷеõ
ʵЩƴҪǲ֪Щʥǿߣȫ෴ƴ߳
ؾ֮УЩ߸ϣ׺ʥǿǣŵȫһֳϦӣ˵ǵ׼ǳ֣ǣؾ֮Уȴһöɲϣÿ춼սս˵ǰȥ̽ˣǸͲңʧȥΪԪõǣһȺ֮Ҳǰн벽ͨĤȥȴǴˡ
ѣЩǿ߼һ˸ʾ֭Ű취ԴĤصǵĺУ
Уһ֮⣬һ£䶯˳
ңû֮һΨһ
ҵ죬ǰϲһͻȻںеɵŮӣ˵Ůӻŷˣֻǣû˿ɵˡ
ں죬ǸͲŮʲôŷˣų˿ԣţҲŮӣҲҪŮӵõ֣ų֣㽫ɱˣ
Ȼھô򣬸Ӳ֮󣬺Ȼûеõ֣ǺûˣҪŮӱƻ顣
ңŮӲӦ޸ҪŮɻˣȫնɱɾΪˣżﶼڣȨϵʱ򣬷˺ԸǸɣǴżеľǰ
֮Դģһչֺ磬ȷʵЩ֣ȻĻͱˣﻹõŻôĹ
ѾɣΧ˸Ų㣬Ų㣬ˮйͨ
ͬʱϵļ磬ǰɽˮ֮أǶϱڲԫ֮ȫһѪζرһЩѪɫ۾ѪɫͷϣѪζŨ
ЩѪɫˣཫϼ磬ȫռֻʣһû£ҲˣʱЩѪɫˣ
棬ϴˣٶȣԺе·ȥ֮Уѯ֮ʱĳؾеĶȫȴȻûҵ·ϲɻɣǹͷĸߣҪòҵ·
˿̣Ϻǽţţϣؾһߣҵļң


1436 Ҫ
˺Щ죬Ժе·ԽԽ̣ҲԽԽˣ˿̣óϻȥѹɽţҲѹסģһǽӣǵһߣͨĲ磬͵ٻʱ䣬žһ·
ͬʱؾԵĳһضѨ棬ʮǱˣΧһûռľһĿŶǲޱȣ棬Ǹ߸ϵĴڣؾȴʲôǣԭӴԪͿݽϰǵĹҲûãЯĻָԪܵȵȵҩڽһʱȫ˸ɸɾΧĲݰƤ֮࣬Ҳǹ˸ȻԶĵطǿɲȥǳڵòӪ䣬ƣ᧿Σ
ľȥǼпܱһ˶ŵļʥʥΪ
ǲأȥ𣿳ȥø죡
˵òЩССĸ󡣬ôǿϷ߹ǣײŸʥŵĸʥµ˵
һЩǡţϻ֮Ķǿ϶ͳ˼ҵΨһʥнʥΪΣܱ˵˵꣬ȴֺһλֱ㶵ضǿҵĲ˵ϣ㿴
ҲнʥΪƤǵϣͻ¶Цݣ˵Ϸ뵽һʱĿǰİ취
Ŷʲô취
ϲţһ˫ȭͷȴýЦһǳȥ֮ҺһΪǻڵļǿܣ
ʲô
εĲ˼㣬ЦҶòˣֻҪһ⣬ܻڵĳ÷٣ֱֵ̫ˡ
룡
ζȻһθܻڵŲΪЩͽͽʥ֪ҪĲһ⣬е⣬еѪеĹͷҪôܴӦ֮ʣƣ˼һվվ֮α㿴еˣֻ׹ⶢ״ȥˣЩȫҪ⣬λĵش󺰵ױ䣬Ҫˮ񣬲ھϷһˣϷƵǵӽˮ𣿺λʥǿҪңһͻǣ˭ҲӲһ
ױһȷʵĿе׹⣬ȴһ㶼ûɢλʥһʥнʥһ߽ʥкԲʥ
ʵôҶ
Ȼ֪ʲôֺº죿棬ǴԲʥǶĶ֣ǣˣطǧֶΣҲòͲǿģҾãӦ˺ңҿˣɹǳһʱˡ
˵۹⾫عȥ˿죬ҲЩңû¶״˵ĸģһԡ
װģ
λҪ˵ȴˣ̧֮ɽѵĳ棬ɴʱȴͷåһֳ˺һ
ˮȷʵĶȴֲҶģһʲôֶΣǾͲˣ˼ǰ˻ǼնɱεУЦˡ
νȴ˫ȭѵ֣סӵĺ˵Ϸֻһѣһ죬ҲᱻĺֵܸԵ
һ㶣һ˲䣬ֺ֣ʱͻȻɫ䣬һվʲô
һӰҲѣȴĴǺ죬ˮ鶼ص˼㣬Ǵûôһ֣μ˵עûзϣеǱ͵ѴһӴܳ˶Ѩ죬һɣһɡ
ƴĿľҪЩǳԵ类ԵңԱ
֮סˣΪȿģǶˣһȺʲôΪˣȺ˵ĺ棬źѹѹȺʲôﶼС
ˣ
˷ܻˣоԼоˣ˸ųҪֹμȥǣǣҲסˡ
ϿЩ²ˣҲСЩ㶣ɨһۺʵǴģ
Ǵĺġ
λæصȻȥɲںǵ
򣿡
뵽ƺǣЩʵ˵롢Խд𣿡


1437 ǲǽгϣ
죿룿Խ
ΡˮˣڽţǵԪؾûãȴǵҲûãǶЩҪĺǡϻ֮࣬Щη壬ȻҲףҪ͵ÿЩˡ
ϼûشﲻЩʧ䣬ָϽ˵أǰǱ߶ڴܵġУվڳߵľ䣬ҲǷǳţãǸ֮ؾǳϵļ磬ǴʦҪ£Ҳͳйϵ
ܣ
Щʥ϶ڲ£ڱչأԳ߲Σﵽ˵ΪϹ̫ں䶯ҲһںǱߵ飬֪ģıȽ١
ŵģĪΣ˵ûбԵҵĹϵѾˣԺ붼ǵжԣһˣԶôˣܹסǰЩ˵ĴȣҪ뱧סȾҪش⣬ؾܵôĴݲУټϴ˿ҲѣԺһƬհס
ͻأ뵽±ǱòƳһֻޣʱĹؼʱڣҲû˿Щģӡʹ˵ʱϢ˰죬Ҳû뵽ڴ졢롢Խ֮Ϣ
Щɥ˵֪ʱסʱ۾͵һҼǵó̴˵޵ʱ򣬺һ˵֣˵޾Ǹ˵УǸ˽ʲôţճǣʲôأ
Ͽ˳˼ѾЩˣ֪Ļòįʱα֮һϣ˵׳ʿ֪Ǳһճˡ
ʲô
͵ؾһϷŬȴûֻý֪˵ճˣһֻޡ
ǲǽгϣ
ԣǳϣμһ϶˵һȴɿЦãû뵽֣ȴ졢뻹
ϸˣȴھǴӼ֮߳ģ
μϸˣϽץס˵׳ʿңҪңһָ죬һ˵ɫ䣬ʱɨЩˣֻɨһȦؾô¶˵߰ɣҴȥ
ϵһ䣬ȴַ죬û뵽ܹȥع³ϺƵģͣ˵ллվ˳ϵ󣬸ųǰȥ
ЩˣϽ׳ʿܴǳȥֻҪǳȥƬʲôǶ쵽Ǻ
š
ʥš
ˮڡ

Щ˵׳ʿЩԶţͰһҲǺһ£ڶȰ˵Ҫ֮⣬˽ģ˶ǺΨһʥ򣬲
˷׷һ߶ŭһ߶ԳգȻ֪֮ǵ˽ԹҲ֪ε˽ģûзžԵʵ
ζǳ϶Ҳں֮У˵õʱҪǵİæ˵ǳȥԡ
׳ʿ
λȰ˵ɿֻ۾֪ôģһݣ˵ȥ˵лл۾ȴŭΣһȥҪնɱļʽ
ǡٴ˵ǣǵðѴָ
仰˵꣬ɫһ䣬ԥϲùǣ̧Ⱦߣ֮Ҫ󣬻뿴Щ˵Ĵָ᲻ŹͷɫƵȵһĶϾƬ򣬿Ǳĵ̻
ͬʱлʣһЩΪʲôȥأڶп϶ҲħޣȻЩ˶ʥΪħӦҲдﵽʥʵģǣΪʲôģֻ࣬ûħأ
쿴ųȫеԹһӾðȴұʾȺɶۼߵԶˣãҴӦ
ҲӦҲؾһԹԵؽָ͵ǰϹޱȣȴǺ޵˼£˼ϾǴָĶɶ
ӦҲǺ޵
˴ָȺڴ˴һؾԵȻ󣬳ϵĵһʱ⿪ˣµ˸ͳȥǾ䶼УǾԳսһӾʹ˳ȥо֣˼


1438 ζΣ
Ѵ֮Ͻһ˶˳һƬϵ˶ΪǳָоԪĲеԪǾϲǣǾоԼΪ֮ǰĲ٣ǺĴԲʥΪҲɶļ
ϽǴױˣǵľϲתҪߣοɲԳ˵׳ʿԺ򻹲Ϥɣҵ׳ʿΣϿһۣͷӦһ
ڳת̤֮ʱļٵشȵСӣϷվסϷġȻҪϽָĻû˵ͱסˡ
ϻͷζؿһۣ˵òҪңһףʲôڣ˵꣬жȥ
ۿųȥתͷԺ˵棬ղΪʲôסңҵĳУġ
İɣϷĶôõģ˸ȥ̽һ̽ǵǳȻָʵʱһɱȥںУΪܵ𣿡
һƨӢСӣΣϷҪȴͼɴǿʲôĹܣܽ£ıʩֶοסһУϷģңܹΪסϷ϶ܹͻʥ磬뵽Ǵ˵Уܹյ֮ûа취ƬϷס
ҲǵΪߣǲõĽɫǣںĿһеΪֿԺС˵뵽һУڡ
ܽƬУȻҲˣųϴӻڵȥͬʱ죬ڴţζɣԹԴķˣɾǰ
죬ҾҲԸ
ζ˵һΪԱн֮һϴЩطǱضǣǣʻײһζڶ̶ʱ佫ΪʣҲԿ࣡
ҪҪˣͰĵ̫үүеˣɹںϣúӥԸɾ
˵ôʲôɱ
ʴţɱȥѾŸ߽۵ΪŸ߽ʵĪϣнʵ޿գʵķ𣬻嵶ܡȵȡ
״Ц˵һȺʣֱǲ֪ߵغϣ£ҪġһԽڶһ߽
ζ˫Ǳ˪˵ƽ֥ɺ棬ɱ£ֻʻƽɫ֥ɺ棬۳һѽ״ٶȼشߡ
һЦҫɫȦȡһʥĹӣһ£ֻ֥ɺ棬ȫڵأꪺȱһȭȥһסȭͷ۵ȭͷʱꡱĹͷ˲쵽塣
۵ɻȥζ󼱣ɺ֥ɺ棬ɢһʱ䣬ﾡǡСĴ̶죬һɾ֮ˣֱڿա
⸱棬ΧȺУвɫ䣬֮Ƭ򣬿ľ顢ƺ޾֥ɺ棬ɺ
ȻЦûõģ͵ţΪŮ˰ɣź£ٸӰգЩˣ͵ΪۣвҪǺѶȣ򺣼ңº֮ͱü򵥶ˡ
ζҲ˳ȥˣȫɱǰһսζ۾ǾȻ֮ɫζ³ɱȥﻹںζҵģ˭Ҷһëȫ壡
һߣѾųϵǻڵĵ̣εûڵˣȫһ˾ҪĿģɲΪ˵İΣԼʵһֱϣΪҲǲôųһֵܹҡšʥŵ
Ȼξȵǣ˻ر˷֮⣬ģȫȥεδŭʣΪʲô
Ϊ˺ȫȥΧɣ
ɣ
ϴ󾪣ػͷ˵ˣĸɣʲô£˵


1439 ߣ
˵
ĿοȥҪεɸתĿͱһƬŵζҲ˲ȥεæ˵ɣǺеı˵ǴӺǱ߹ġ
⣬Ѿ֪еɣǸɣŭ֣ȴûд˵Ļ˼˵಻סˣֺ֮ʱ躣ƻζҪǰζΪŮˣ˵˭ȥǲӡ

³֣һǰǱҪˣȻסˣοҲûʲô⣬һĻͨҲһ룬ξʹʧɫΪĲһˣ֮ȫסӣڵԪȵȣȫסˡ
ʲôϵʵҲֻԼΣΪԭ򣬷һСɣôҲע⡣
ľʱתͷ֪εںδ𣿡ҡҡͷеĵȥûȥʲôʸղ˵ˣ֪ε
֪֪
˸Ͻ˵ղŸоԼҪһֱ϶˵Ż˹϶˵ץסˣָ˷򣬼ȥ˲ϢûӰ
ȻˣΪڣȥɡصսȫ羪裬ʧǰ⣬ﻹ֪һ˲ƽ£Ҳˣ̤׷ȥɲںǵ
еķŭ˵ߡ롰ҡֱϾһת䱬ȴҲϵӰץססǸˣֱӵˡ
ڳ뿪ʱڵĵ̣һ֮󣬽ǵϢ˻ȥڸƷ׵ҩİ֮£ʵ˵ûлָ۷״̬ǣ֮ǰֻ߲ͣ£ҲǼ𱦴ε
εϣۡ϶޿աһ˶ˣġѾϵһ⼸ʱ䣬õҲ٣ǣʵ̫ǿˣ֥ɺʬ壬һƬ棬Ȼ֥ɺ滹ûܸ˴ѾΪʮۡΧɺҲǱˣĺˮȫȾһƬѪ֮ɫɵˣһδȫܣ
ζĻľ˫ϵҲ˿ݽ߱ԵһƷʥ˺ۣЦζ˳ΪҵŮˣ·ߣ
Σ
һնȥζʥֱնϣЦζõ㣡û¶еʱȣȵһ̣
룡
ζȻ͸žֻ֮Уһ˿飬ζ̧ͷ˿뷽ӣҪʧˣһֱȥˡ
ţ¶һĨЦݣ֪ҸҪǸܿƴ£Ƚˣ˵ʵ֪ңҲҪǻܿ㣬һҾ㣬ֻ֮ҪľУϧӣӵұ룬ʵֲˡ
㣬ټһ棬ٻһӣǣ֣ݺݵҧһڡζţ۽ˣкܲˬȵôǵ𣿡
ζֻۣжϽնȥ
סЦ˵ûţˣҲҪǰһһն飬ۿţΪŮˣ
ʲôһȭܽ⽴
𣿡
ˮϵӿζжϽ䣬ˮһζϲȥζĻζһ˿Ҳޣֻ֪һ·ˣҪħצܾ衣
ζһĻ֣ڴӵģֻдܹζƴȫҪһߣӣټһŮˣ
ζֻҵŮˣҧгݵ˵ζЦԡպһ֣ζĶ㴫ҹҹģ󵽹Ρ
ӣ
ζ鲻Խѿڶո£ͿһӰǰζֱоһжΣȴʵζһˡ
ţһůţ˽ȥζˣͽҰɡ
ӣΰɣ
ζˣۡ޿յһˣȫɵˣȻعţ
ţ
ͻȻǰĳϣǳŭΪղžҪζˣԳϺȵСӣȻ

Ļû˵꣬ת˲ҽȴղȥζֻ֣ˢˢնˣŭ죬ûȥʲôֻǿҪ
ʮ˳
ɨһȦߣ


1440 ұ
ߣ
һ仰˶жһƬ䣬ɻϵʲôΪ֮ʱȴǿЦ
ŭЦǺ޼ЦǶʼЦ׷ô꣬ȴָͷûһµŮˣ˿̣ڱ˵黳һĻúνܵˣºôˣɲǽЦģûио˶ϱ۵ʹЦƾһһôԣǲ֪ߵغ񣡽죬Ľ㣬˭汾ˣԸгʥ
ϾǺһն֮УоЩֶΣʲôʧȽ뺣ȫԳʥ֮ڳˣȻɲὫʥװͳҪ׼ʱȳ֮ʱһϣֽնɱζ
ļıķչȥ䣬ȺоǴ˷źеʥ۾̰֮⣬һнӣųϿ֪ܳһҲŮˣϷ͡
ȻֹˣΧ˻ϧںôûһ֮ʱͿһţ֣һȭȥ
ȭͷգнӣʱȫըһƬѪ⣬һֿ֮ûУнյһҲĩ׷ӿ䡣
һȭǡȭҲǡȭֻһȭ
쵹һоɫ֣ȴڿ𣺡ҿϰˣ룬ɵˣΪߵҲ߽ۣҲж϶ƴһʥǲҪ𣿡
˵ЩסˣִŨĵǣڶǷֱ֮ʱϻֻٿ죬Ҳܸߵȥɣкüʮ𡭡
ζƺУ˫֣ųϣƺһ֣ξһ㣻Щ˼״һûᣬûɱ
һΣɱģһʮлԲ𣬳֮⣬ʮۣʥջ󣬲һĴ
쿴һĻЦˣСӣҺͱҪãܡҲڰ׼׼û֣Ϊɲڴҩ߽׹ȵȵİ֮£ҲѾн𣬺пʥ֮ҪȻҲºҡ
һ𹥻
ʮʮۣһ𱬷ΪϹȥζ͵ػҪƿϣﻹ˵ӣߣùҡ
Ͻζ§ý˵ζҡζ˫ֲٴβýҪ˵ʱһȭ
ʱ
ʮ壬ʮѪۣ꣬ǴԲȫѪɵĽ֣е˶ֱ۾ǻ棬ĹҲɣžʲôΪ
ʱ򣬾ϹɵӣҲ֪ϲˣСģתҪӣڴʱǶִһ仰ˮǽ
ʱεƽޱȵĺϣͻ֮ˣЩˣһͲȥεԼΧеˣȫΧϵ죬ǵѪȾƬˮɡ
û˻Ϊ˵ǿ֮ìͷ׷ָ򺣾죬˵Ǻģ࣬ȴһŲǡý߳ؾζʲô³ɽʲô³ϲ붼֪
ζϵ֮һߣǿЩڰ֮ǰȫǰףͻֿЦСӣΪľӮǱߣɵˣȫڱһ£ǾͻԴأĻͰζٸ£ͷǣ͡
Ѫ
ϵ³֣ЩЮۡ޿աȺҾк֮ը𣬽Ѫ䣬Ѫ۵ȫػɡ
조ۡ³һѪǸŵģųϣ˵㵽ʲôˣõʲô㡭
ʵʲôֻˮ֮ѣѪ棬󲿷ֺĶˮҲϺ
Ѿ֪ˣ֮ǰ磬ʧӰ٣еʥԳ˵ţС۲ʶ̩ɽʥ͸˷Źңҡ
ң
ϵģ˵һʥһ汦ķҲŹΪ⺣ζ
ʱһϵڿը죬˭ĵӣҺң


1441 ĲǶ⣬
һ𣬸ղŻ磬Ҫϵͷϴӵһĺ죬ʱͼȻ󣬺һ˾ͳˮǽεϣ˫۷׹ضųϣƳǧѵӣ˳ϵĲϣ
棬Сӣ˵ҪǺңָųϣͼӴ׵˵ųڮٺҵĻҲûϵһô˳һεº׷⣬㽫תƵϡ
Ͽûпһۣ˵˵ģΣ
ġ
Ҫŭһ󴮣ǣ˵֣žһͳ˶˺潫Ҫ˵Ļ

ȳɨȥɫ䣬˲԰ףԼһ㣬תͷ۾ȥˮ񡢼ױһʥ뺣һĶ
˶Ϊһžֻųϴ˺һ⣬ɨҵ棬֪ǴĲǺĶ⣬Ǻ
վԭ֮ǰҪſԵ̬ʲôûб䣬Ψһ˵ģǺϵԴˣ˿еһѪ
£һȫڻּ䣬ҪнȻףؾˣһǣ
ҲǾ쵽ԼΪ֣֮һޱȣп־ôҲȥ̧ͷ쿴ȥȴҲڲ
˵òҪң
䣬ȻǰʵȴףȥҪϣǺǽǧûӣȥ˵ǰ³çˣ߶ǰȥȥ
Ȼˣһ°ɡ
˵ţȴҲܺ죬תҪˮǽȥȻ֮ǰ־ƵˮǽǶй򣬷Ѿǧ࣬ҲƲ˶ʱף֮ǰƿǳƿġ
һתӣųϣҧгݵ˵СӣҲһˣˮ񣬸һ֣ɱУ죬
쵱ǹޱȣѡ֣ˮ֣ʱһƴģˮ֮γɵڿУ֮У󲿷ĶˮԪһУоʥˮԪʣ¼ˣľԪͽԪǸױ䣬ȴǻԪܹƻԪһԪٵĺԪɵҲˣһʥΪԪܣҲΪǿ
ζЩңϱ΢΢һЦζЦݣʱҾȴʵӣʲôΪ
Բʥ

ζһ˵㻹δ㻹ˣΪʣܹһæȴû뵽ǳ׸
ɵϡҡҡͷζҪ㣬ҾûнĳɾͣĶԴȪ
ģ

ζϸҸЦݣ⣬ǱߵĺȴǿҪ÷裬ͬʱ־һûᣬʮʥֱϮȥͷҲأֻ˵ˮ𣡡
ʱˮ֮ˮ·ͨˮɢһأʥˮ֮۳ĶҲȫ鿪
ױ۵һѻ𵶣Ҳһˣޣ
ȻмľԪͽԪ򣬵ȴ͵˻йʥɫ԰һƬں죬Ѿ̱ڵأôҲ
ˬʵЦ޿աȴһ֮Уζֻǿһۣ㲻ᣬΪͻȻ뵽һص⣬ܿвĸ֮⣬㻹û
ζôʣȻʳû黨ǲݣҲԺһӾ͸˻ʵȻӰȻǰȻȷʵĶԺȴˡ
ζһߵӣ治ʵ˵ô˵ζȴûɿԼ֣֪ϵʽô̵ʱ֮ڣôǿǾ˵Ͽ϶޾ʹࡣ
Ժһ˵ġ
ҪҾͷ㵹ߡζ˵ţϾǿЦգΪʲôǾΪЩ
ûжԺʹɱֽ֣й޿աһˣ޿յæٶǰأ޿պ
ϰֹ˵žˣӽˡ


1442 ᲻÷
ϰա˵޿ա˵ľѪ𣬴ӿгȥ޿յԺеǵӡǣʧӰ٣
޿յ˿ųϣ㶵վȫ˷ܻˣáǵʱ˵Ϊһ꣬ŹȥãǾˡ
һĻ̫ͻȻͻȻЩģǵӡȷȷʵʵʧˣǵ𾪻ûʧʱ򣬳˵벻Ϊʥ
һΣɵۡ
κ޿˵ϳΪʥ
ҡҡͷ޿ﻹûüʧ䣬Ͼָź˵ܡ޿յ˸ɻˣʱˮǽԶֿȴǾ䡢ǸϵˣһͬģΣһ¡
ǵٶȣȺ˵ٶȿˣȴںΪǶԺϲϤҲ֪εںδץǣŸ˹
һĻģֱ䵽޾һ˾ôһͬʱؾˣε
ĺˣڲѬģûϵĻڵģʵ̫̫ˣǣһж̫̫ˣҲ޷ء
ϴ󣬾ЩҪɩӲս˵ţһ˳ȥǱΧŵȺƾʧˣ·һȺ˴ûгֹһΧ˿һĻȫ˿־壬𾪣ΪһĻѾǵ
λƿغȨĵһˣһˣΪһЩЩƾʧǱһɿֱֲӸɱޣ
ζҲǾȣͬʱսɩӣӿۣȻĿʱһӾ͵ֱˣζųʵǸСˣĶ֮һ
ҡҡͷʣҪȻҽ컹ܳ
ζţȻûж˵ʲô֪ʲôһˣΪ£Ǹ˲ŻΪĶǸӲҲ
ζһ̾Ϣ̫ҲУ񷨱һƷԽߣ˾Խ࣬Խ󣬿һҪˡζ֪Ѿͬİ·ζ˵ӣʲôʱҼ

Ӧһּһ䣬ζصġ
ҿɲأ⼸꣬㶼˺öࡣζ֪ϵ˼⴩һ˵Ȼ˵ӣɣôˡ
ţôûбˣ᲻÷š
ζи𣬡Ȱ´һ°ɣϣúñ
۾͵ֱζζҲоϵĳλ˱仯ɲһ֪뵽ʲôֳΣ
ζ˳ȥҪٲȥͻڳϻˣ˿̣ϵҲǴֲľżһѪжǶʮѪյͷȻ
Ů˵ջ󣬰ʲôٻӵȵȵ޾ջʱȴܺģֻΪն֮ǣζһ仰͹˳ϵֻΪ飬а
Ҳ𼸷ֿɬתȴԼοܹڹߣ㹻ˡ
üͷţһΪԼ֮أΪζΪһֱ֪ϽǶ꣬ζΪһ˿ɣɳϵܵ͡
Ҳǻɣ磬ֻΪ䣬ԣµģģǴдڣ
ҿζģζǿ̫ˣǣҲ϶ζõ飬
ÿ˵У뷨
۵ٴսһƣݺݸˣֹСھжǿôһˣϴ󣬵ûпս񣬲࣬һֻܡ
սƳһ֮󣬾ͽĿ˱ϣҲеضս񣻳ջ񣬶޿յ˵벻룿
޿ٲԥص룡
ϼԪڤ٣ֱӽ˹ԪڤٿɲǺܹնöϵģԪڤٽ޿պͺΪʼ
һ졣


£ѾǵˣֻһԲʥĳֻ˰ʱΪȫƵ޿ϣתԪҺת޿Ӧע޿ڣҲΪΪʥûнΪأֱӽ޿ȶڴԲʥ磡
޿ճ˴Բʥȴһˡ
𣬸ˡ


1443 Ѫħ
̶̰չ޿աȱáƵˣʥǰŵҲɾʥ֮֮⣬Ī϶ˣ
ΪʥĪǣûлع˵Ȼʥǣǵս򣬾̤ʥ֮ӵеĹ򣬶ǿӵģԼģԣԺҪߵ·ܳܳ
޿յҲף¶ԣкõһ棬Ȼлһ棻Ѿ֪ˣΪԼǺпһҲʥ֮ر޿գƣʱһֻһغˣڣʱˣǻ㹻ʱ̡
ͻأ޿չ˵ϣߵ˵һΪΪ޿һӶˡ޿Ǽúף̶ʱھܳɳ˵زպĳɾͣر䣬Ŷһ㣬ʮܰΪʥδؾͲܰΪǴ˵е񡭡
һۿ޿յ뷨ûֻ˵ֻҪ㾡ģģһġ
ǣ
ҲǾ޿ѧ󣬾ǷҲҪһ׷ڳϣŷļЦҸһЩڷ֪ʶ

ȣԲٵȣ˵һֽڵķ𣬳ûдȫһʵ̫ϻŽĿģ˵ֻһ֡ȴѾ÷˽ȥһΪԵķ𣬵ϥ
ǿΪźܴȱݣûжζ嵶ʩչ˷Ͽɺ£ԪҺϲعעɺڡ
ϵ侫ӴӲɺָ۷״̬ɺųϽлѣڸж
ٿһص֥ɺʬ壬бζ˵Ͼ֪ζں棬ֵܼڣЩ֥ɺ湦ûҪģСС˺ڶǰϲ֪ڶܾ֮ǿֵزڣȻԲ֪ǣȭѾ߳ϣСҪںڶǲܡ
ֻǣϻ֮һϣϣСţ
ְɡ
ϵ˵ҧָѪιŵһֻ֥ɺ棬ǱߣսԳʱȥɱȥҲˣҪĿģɱ¾ǴҪĽ֮ڵѾĽ֮ȫˡ
˾ȵǣǵļҲ֣ɶ֣Ҫץסÿһ˿ÿһĽᣬԱջص֮
޿յȸս׵ʥȻŹĻᣡ
ȻֻǼ˳ȴһ浹ɱˮˣܶҽڿУˣɷĺˣһĻ棬Ȼû뷨ΪѾˣǲ֪ϵֶλкܶܶ࣬˵ģǽp޷ųǾȫж
ȫֹͣˣǰһĻһĻĻ棬ˣ
ܿ죬εͻָƽȾĺˮҲ˲ԣϹУûжͣ׼ȥζͬ˸飻֮ǰֲ󣬽ε
εִĺ壬ﻹ֪
һȺ·һ£ˮԶӿˣŴֻǰʻڳߺ󣬺мֻںħޣˮϣ۳ȥķǱȥ
;Уϸζ˷ֱĹ£ζÿΣʱץסϵ־Ͳɽϼ֣ϵڶʱ֣˵ڶ½ʱϰѪɫĴ˳ǵ
һƬѪ죬ӿ𼫶Ȳ֮УǼȴΪǿ̸ζ¡Գ˻ζpչɣ;䣬սѪɫ󴬼ɶȥ
ʲôˣվס
ѪɫһȣȴܲˣӰ̵Ѫϣ󣬳ϾͿһȺ۾Ѫ죬ͷҲѪ죬λǵҲˣ
Ѫħ壡
һȣУ𾪡
֪ǣ
ûϵʻһֻѪħô½ôģʦΪѪħ𣿡
ʱĴŭȣЩ£

ϻţѾѪħ˳սһ̤񺰵սǧѪħ˵õѪ


1444 츳
䣬ִһЦ֮벻֪Ǹ߹Ѫħϧ֪ҲûãѪ޻ڣǵѪֻܳΪҵʳ
һ֣üͷ𣬴ƽЩǿ߶ޱ˵ﲻͬµָһռУҪеıռмУ˵ϸоҪһ㡣
ϵĿ⻹ž䣬սһ󣬲ŶԳ˵Ѫħ壬֪Ҳֻ̫࣬˵Ѫħһײޱȵ壬˵ܳ½Ŷԣǰ
ʵ벻ףһ£ּ˵Ѫħˣһ츳ܣǾܹѪ춯ΪԽߵģԽܼѪ춯ߣһΧ֮ڣͻѪ˵Ѫħĳ˵Ѫͻһ̶ϵõϰĹʵĴУΪԽߣõľԽף
ֻƬѾóΪ𾪣õĳ˵Ѫܵõ˵ĹʵɱΪãҪ£
ţϽĿͶսУսõ֮ʵѾʵķԾѪħ˸סսĽŲսһһѪħȫĳ⽴
ĿУЩѪħõʽϻʶ٣нնɵġնһһģóȥҲǽնɵһϣ֮⣬ǰһڵ似дʼе似гϵɱʮɽǴܻʱʶһЩʹõ似вˣʹʮɵ似ǵӦ֣һ谭ûС
Ѫӵ书⻹ǡϱ֮Уȴͻɫ䣬뵽һҪ⣬ЩѪħʹܵ似ô似һڡԽȵȵ似˵ʲô
˵类ȺѪħռˣ
˲뵽Լĵʦǣǡŭȵ͵ֱһֱĵǼ䴬ҳȥʣǸѪ޻ڵģȺѪħ˵졣
˿̣Ѫ޻ڼԼپʿȻòսҲǴŭα𣬾Ҫս֣ͻأѪ޻ڸоһΣձƽѪۿȥպÿһӰѪħʿдѪ޻ʲô뷨þѲƣԺͳʥĴңرײ˸顣
䣬Ѫ޻ŭȣѪּ죡
һֻƴޱȵƣ籩һ㣬ڿУȥһʽץֻѪ֣Ѫ޻ڼ״ЦȻôؿֱͶѪ
Ȼһ˲䣬ץסѪ޻ڵѪֱ֣һѪִѪ޻ڵı۰򴦸Ѫ޻ڵѪ䣬һתֱӽѪ޻ڵĲӸס
Ѫ޻ڵ˼άͣԼѪõ֮Уֱ֮󣬲Ÿо۰򴦴ľʹʵǽǱߵĴأȫռ𣿡
䣬ԱЩֻϣַʮѪħˣҪֽһ£ȴʮѪħˣĿȴҲս䣬ǸղųϳѪ޻ֱʱɽȥѪ޻ڵѪ
Ѫ޻Ҳ˲ûشϵ⣬ʮѪħѪӥѪ硢Ѫ顭ǺôӣȻ̱Ѫ
Ѫ޻ڣѪɲ˷ˣ䵽ˣý£㱨ϱ֮𣡡Ѫӥ˵ţѪȥ
ȥЦݵѪӥȴʹ֮ɫѪ޻ѪѪħˣѪ޻ڿЦѪô̵ģҪ̱ѪǾ͵׼
䣬Ѫ޻ѪѪħˣˡ䡱һˣ˻ʹһĻٴδ󾪣ȴǺܿͻعҪЦѪ޻ڣеȫѹ˻ȥʹഫȫϺȵشҵ⣡
Ѫ޻һ˫ѪȫǷŭ֪࣬ɱ˶٣˶˵Ѫ˶˵Ĺǣһ̣ȴȫƲץס޾ʹࡣ
ŭУѪ޻Ȼûشôױ£Ҫ㸶ѪĴۣţѪ޻ѾתѪۣдʣϡϡ϶һ͸׶֮еѪܣһεܣɢϰΧ
ϲйܽΧһʱ֪Ѫ޻ĹҪٸѪ޻һصĽѵȴѪ޻͵³һѪ־˵ܣԲܡ


1445 ˮ
Ѫ޻һѪµüԶ׿⣬ΧЩѪҲȫۼ˹вѪħ۷ѪؿѪ޻ŵǿѪ뽫£֮ǰѪѪħˣҲֻգѪڴϣѪһ
Ĳ٣ģҲûУѪӥһģڲŤӶʹŤɼʹ֮УѪӥ֣ץѪУԱá
ͬʱѪ޻ѪѪħˣֽ˼ΧսѪħˣҲòˣսϣһ˺۶ûС
ȻûвսֻǽЩѪħˣ
һУѪ޻ڶûȥᣬƸûпһֻſ־Ŀ⣬ӣһһظţܣʩչѪħ󷨣ôܵɣЩΪˣҵѪħûãȴܵɣˣǡ
Ѫ޻ѾòԳƱҲЩɻҪֽǹɹܸƵȴûаԼӣǹܾԶѪ޻ڵϣգϵоһڣ׼ˣȥܵô࣬һ֮ӿѪ޻壬Ѫ޻ǻŵѪܣʱŰ˹ȥѪ޻Һƺ˵˸һ
˵
Ѫ޻ڻ֮УҪ˵ͻǼ䡱ը𣬶һƬըУȴһ̺žϲζĿХ쳹ڿա
ХѪӥģѪӥһѪ޻ѪʮѪħˣòˣֻʣѪӥһ˴˹ѪӥЦ̹ˣҿˣѪ޻ڣѪӥҲѪħˣǲǺʧ
ͳ죬ѪӥΪѪħϳǼ֮ɫж뵽֪Ҳȥƴһѣ˵ҲͻѪħΪѪħ
ѪӥѪ޻ڿȥȻ뿴Ѫ޻ڷŭʵӣһۿȥĿ־壬ѪӥЩ㶣ȴûж룬ֻǵҸѪ޻ڴĿ־壬治һĴ󡣡
ţ֮ǰץеѪһ£ųϣӸµ˵ƬأѾѪħĵ̣ЩͶԹԵͶԸһ·֮似ҪȻߣͽѪ̾
Ȼս֣Ѫħȫҳ⽴ȻһپͽѪ޻£ǣѪӥȴȻϣһǵ࣬Ѫħʳովʹ࣬ΪѪħֵš
ѪӥضԳ˵ôһֶѪ޻˵Ѫ޻ڣͷ֮Ѫһ˰ɣԷѪħ֮ģ㱨
ûȥʲô֮һƬѾȫѪħĵ̣뵽ԼĵܲѪħ嶾֣˪һֱӾסҪѪ޻ͷ֮ѪѪӥ˲ǰѪӥͻ⹥֪ô¶ֻǽ߾ȫȵСС㾹ȻҶԱ֣Ҫ
ҪôѪӥѾûл˵ˣֱӽѪӥ˺˸飬Ѫ˺һβʣɢȥ磬ս׳ΪѪħѪӥʧǰ
Ѫħ˴󾪣Ԥеһ˺ȵѪħԪסȺѪۣǿ϶ܵõϵȵʹͣ
һ£Ѫȫת߲šѪħԪ󡱣ʩչۻҵ似ϣ֮ƽϢȣˮ𣡡
ʱƬеĺˮȫ𣬳˳Ѫħζ˵Ĵ»ˮ⣬еѪħȫӺϣһ׹䵽ס
һĻζǴԺüһŭڵĳϣһ˿ʶֻԭǳ˺ˮ޾򣬸ɺԳһƬأ
ζǽ𾪣ЩѪħȴǱŻˣѪħֱӱŵεȥеֱӱǹ֮ȺѪħ˵ĶˣŸոտʼЩĺˮʼ۽һźˮеˮһͣطۡѹ
һ˵ʵֻǷϢ֮䣬޾ˮɺƴһţ͵Щ뺣׵ѪȥѪħ˲ҽгȴȻֹˮը£ѪѪħˣȫҷ𣬷档
Ƭ֮䣬ָֻԭĿԾһۿͷžκˣЩκƺҲڱʾųϵķŭ


1446 Ѫ
ˮˮ
Ѫ޻ڴؿǰһУһ֣Ѫ޻еĿ־壬Ըӵĵزۿ׿µȱ컹ߣȺһʥģѵ˵ѾͻƵ˱ʥҪߵľ磿
뵽⣬ʮֵؼޱҼǰڶľóϳΪɵˣһʥҪߵǿߣɲǿ֮
Ȼ˷ܾһЩһ˫ѪۣһͷѪˣʲôͷΪʲôǱ߸Ϲ
½еһЩħޣ֣Ⱥˮٴα鲼ʱЩħ޶ΪһΣ޾ʱ˳ζһ֮滹кˮ֮⣬ںһˮûгһ˿ûС
ˮ֮Ҳ촦һۣͽעѪ޻ϣǧѪ˳ҪľƬ򣬿ǣڰ;ϣͱϸȫˣŵѪħˣֻʣѪ޻һˡ
£Ͻıȫӵһ𣬲󷨣սҲζˣȻٶȣѪ޻ڣҪ½ϸȥ
ζҲʶԣԳ˵ӣСĵ㡣Уûе֮ζȴӶɷһ㣬ϵͷζԼתߡ롰ҡֱϾȥ
Ȼ֣ȴԼ侲ϾѪħ壬νһ֪ԽٶȽ䲢Уž䣬䣬㻹֪Ѫħʲô
ŬţѪħ˽Ҳ࣬ҪǵᵽѪħ壬ǹ츳ܣҲ֪Ѫħ壬Ŭһ˵ѪħĵȼߵȼҲ࣬ҲѪħʿѪħʦһֱѪħʥѪħͬģѪħ岻߷ֵôϸۻҪֳסнס߽סԲĸΣǵѪħ۾ѪħۣѪħѪħ񣡡
Ѫħ֮أ
ҾͲ֪ˣҲ²⣬ĻѪħ棡
üͷøѪ޻˵̸в֮״ӿȲѣرǳϵǹŭҪֱӽһ㣬ٶȣѪ޻аԴ⣬ԻѪͷ֮ѪΪۣҲܲô졭
Ƭ½˵ţ䣬ǽм֮أ𣿡

תͷѪ޻˵֮أжѪħˣ
Ѫ޻û˵ֱѪ޻ڵѪܣͬʱһ뿴ѪħǲһҲеҲԪˣţֱﴦȥ
״Ѫ޻ڴ󾪣æ˵˵˵ǧ򣡡
ӿѪ޻ڵ棬ɫӵˣ˵֮ڶ࣬ʮ˿ڣǣѪħ츳ܣȴ̫ײУǧѪħˣԼ֮ص˵һѣرǳ֮ǰôߡ
ȥΪʲô
򣡡Ѫ޻˵һ䣬ƺΪ׳Լĵһ˵ֻеһСӵȷ棬󲿶ӻں棬㡭
ô֮صģ
ϴѪ޻ȴ죬ôҲ˵ˣҲԥֱѪ޻ڵĵȻ󿴵Ѫ޻ڵĵ棬ҲжһѪ顣
Ѫ㣬ϲڼѪ飬оӦòһ¶ﱻƣѪ޻ʹ֣ȴûҪǳϽǿѪȡǽܾͲһˣ
뵽ԼãħãˮҲãǶһ½涼ãвţ֪Ѫħûã֮ǰǸѪӥҪͷ֮Ѫͷ֮Ѫ
뵽ȡһѪ޻ڵͷ֮ѪѪ޻һѪɷף֪ҪʲôȴǺ۳ʲô˵к档
תϵǣǵͷ֮ѪȴûһķӦأڡľתһȦǵͷ֮ѪԾǺ޷Ӧ
ĪѪħûã׼ȴоԼѪܣ׼ȷ˵ؾжЩѪܣѪҺƺЩüѲɾؾһؾҪЩѪħȴҪѪ𣿡
뷨̫˼ЩѪܣǸӷ˼ĴڣңѪ󣬾͸о̺Ӵ
Ƭԥ֮󣬳˾ƳһЩѪԪҺһѪת롰
ʱѪ޻ڵǵͷ֮Ѫҷ
Ȼˡ
ͬʱѪ޻ǾֵضµѪ


1447 ţѪū
Ѫ
Ѫ޻ڵľȣʱо֣ǹѪ޻ȴ˵Ѫ˵ķ棬Ҳûһ⣬Ѫ᲻ʲôϵ
ʣһĿǰҲܲ࣬Ҫص֮أ뿴û¶ɽЩӡ
ˣϸܻѪ޻ڣһʵô½ģ
Ѫ޻ﻹţҶʩչѪħ󷨣ұɣʩչѪңѪƺܸߣҸǺ޷֮ܡ
²ųϵ֣Ѫ޻ϵʻ˵Ǵת߳ġ
ת
ͬʱһף˰Ҳû뵽֮ʲôʱһתѪ޻תںδѪ޻˵죬Ҳûǵطںδȴ֪תѪħ֮غ󣬲޽ģĿľΪѪħܹȫ½
ת֮󣬳ʵǸѪȥڳϵҪѪ޻ǻæͷѣֹţҲǵĶ֣ѪۣԲǵģôȥѪ۽£ٱѪħѪ¶˵Ҳ޹д󹦣
ϴȥ׵˺üʮŵߡ롰ҡֱϾ֮룬ֻһĹѡ
ڳϻѪ޻ڹѪħ֮ʱһߴģȫѪĽ˳ϵҰ֮УϿѪ⣬汾ܾӿĳ嶯ʱ򣬳ϲѹԼǷſľ˳ĶΪ
һǡȭҳȻԶڳ֮ʣѪ֮ǣʧǰѪ޻ڿһĻӣӲޱȣ˵ʬһǣѪ޻ڿ֪Ϊĳǣ֮ʱʹѪū޽ɣõĲϣҲ쳣֮ʵɲ￴ôǿǧס
ҪǣϻѪ´ֲµģ빥Ϊһģ޴󷨣ǣеһУһȭ£ȫС
⾿Ҫεȵʵ
ѪǸջ٣ͳһˣγʱŭ˭ڱʵĵҰɱѪħˣʶҪ
˵ţӿգվԳƱʵѪħǰ˿ϵٶȣҲǳһһ̣֮ݽȡЦܻٳǣӦǸˣʻúôŵġ
һš֣һʱһĹоѪħţ϶˵Ųһ
Ѫ޻ɫԺţ˿ɲһţ˵ٳˣˡͬʱڻѪħʣ
Ѫ޻ڱһѪħʣǣŸո˵֣һȭѪħȥѪħֱӱڿգڵҳһӡ
ˣ
Ѫ޻ʣȻ֪Ѫħʲ˵Ķ֣ǣҲʵ̫ˣѪħʶһȭ֮Ѫۻ᲻ҲĶ֣
ʱһȴ𣬡ҶԱʳ֣ҪѪūűѪħʵӣִӵ浯һѪǹֱϡ
Ѫ޻ڴһѪħûǾ˵˶벻Ѫ۵Ķ֣Ѫ޻ȴ֪ǳһȭܽѪħʴǳϲ룬Ϊ뿴Ѫħԭս
Ѫǹƣ
Ѫħٺȣǣϣдźâһ뵱Τʹõǹ似ֻѪ޻ڼһѪ֣Ԫ֮ܣתһ
ʹǹ似˵ѪħʺпΤѪΤ֮ͬѪóϵģӵǣǺŭ͸ˡ
ϳֱץסǸǹкȵ飡
£ǹ
Ѫħʹȥǹ󺣣˿ӰһɺƴƥײϣѪħһҳ˸ӣѪɽ
Ѫ޻ڿѪͬѪӥһ̰âѪħûϹ½һЦˣǿ𣿱ʽͬ࣬ɱ㣡
£Ѫħʴһܿ죬վͷӰЩûһ˫ѪۣûһͷѪһߣࡣ
Ӱ֣ڿжѪħߵ˵ħʴˡ
ҪΪҵѪū
ǣ
Ӧ£תϣȻסˣһʧǵغ㣡


1448 պɱ
㣡
һ˿ųϾ˵Աһʵ˭ҲоͦϤģ
롭
ϳϵ˻ôҲ˵ϵ֣롱֣Ѿߵ˸ѣǸʻ߲ѿڶƣ
ĸ֣ߵһӾͱòҰˣͬʱлһ˾ϣȳ̤еߣﻹ֪ϵ֡
ʱ䣬߲ɼȥһֱܷӦҪǳϵɱ֮ʵ̫ģһ֮Ӳһڣһڲӵ׷ɱٱǿһڣ˳Žĸڸɣ඼ɱ¾ʮߣ󣬴ԹةΪ׵ĸʲô¥ɱ֯ȫ˸飻Խһս˺üʮˣšһ࣬ȫԵǸܣǱҡ
˵֮رϴӶϣٴϵӱɱ˸飬ȻϵӰ겻ټ֮س֣ܵҲųѾˣ֮ˣǣϻվǰʱŨĿ־Уɽһ緢ٽÿһѪϸ֮С
ϾʬɽѪȷѪѻĺպɱǼʱܹȫʧģ˵Ǽ꣬Ǽʮꡢ֮꣬صҲǵһƣгϵˣ
ȻЩ£Ѫħʲ֪Ҳ֪شھֻһԸҪϱѪūһҪͬϡ
ɱѪħʵơ
ǣѪħʿڲͣˣзŭʱŨϰٷ֣ʲôϽʽ£ҪȻͰǴűѪū
ϿȺͬߣȴѪħ߹ūţ۸ѹԼͬˣŨɱɢѪħʵǷɵѪūǶζģ
Ⱥߣоϵɱ˵øˣ֮ǰնɱǧοһˣ˵ԶԶģŵһŨѪζڵѪҲڷڲѣȥɨǶ֪ǿ϶вٵѪħˣ
ߣˣ
ѪħַԺҪǲȥͰǱѪūѪħ˵⻰Ҫһִ˳ͬķϣһᣬתȥеɱЩѪħˣѪħ˵һǵ
һ
ѪħʴСɶ񡱣ȴֿЦƾǣҶѪħ˶𣿡
ѪħʺţߵɫѾǲ԰׵˼£Ѫūǲ뵱ҲȥǵѪħ߹ӲдΪʲô
Ϊ˻һ
ҪжϵģǳϸǿѪħʸǿѪħȺʱһ˵ʲôҲֻһˣѪħĴô࣬ȳĴڣѪۡ
£в⶯ˣô˵𷨱նȥǡʱ³֣䣬ӰƻŰնȥ
ʱЩҪԳֵߣȫն룬ȴûѪɽ֪Ѫħ츳ܣȻѪЩѪֱӽɱޡ
ʣµĶʮߣһĻûȫٶȣתѪħɱȥͻȻһѪħʶûϵɱ˼ֻѪħѪħˣǸĴҲ󣬺üߺ׵ؾѪˡ
üһ̤ЩߵЩȻƵѪħ˶֣Ҳ֣ԣžǡ
ͬʱǧѪħ˽ɱһתڵѪҺǵ츳ܣ˵ЩɻΪѪħģûиоԼڵѪʲô춯ԭˡ
ɻһһȭɨҶҶԻ٣
ǧѪħһȭ֮£ҷˣһۼûͣ£Щ߸ҷɱԼ˵ѪħʣҪ쭣ɼһĻȫɵˣֻǰеﶼһ
֮УѪħǰóǿɱУȻѪ
Ѫūڱǰ˷ҪܾŰѪħ󷨣̣ѪħʺţѪħ󷨣š̡һ£ѪħϾ͡顱رըѪըѣ
ϻûһ˿쳣ֻ˵ǿɱ𣿡


1449 žƷ
ıըѪħʩչѪħ󷨡ͬǱˡ
ûѪ޻ڣؿѪĻ档
ѪħѪ޻ڵΪҪ߳٣ʵҲǣȻġѪħ󷨡ҲѪ޻࣡
ȴҲΪѪħܵķɾԽף³ԽңֻɲǼ䣬ѪħʵѪܾͱ˸߰˰ˣѪħʵ𾪣ݱʾǾ仰ȴ³һѪѪ罦ѪѪУһֻѪ緭Ƹ㣬ѹ
ϾһѪƻ˺ѪУں˶似еġڡһǣԼڣһ̺似ɢһѪܣѪϣ似Ѫħ屾似ܹں
ںϣܽ㶼ҳѪħʵһѪˣһָǬһֱָָѪ
ָѪƾ٣ʱѪħһУѪѪūɣУѪħʸؿͻȻѿһѽСָǰѪֱಿλ
Ѫħʵһ͵ϮȷʵǡôϧԾԵĥĳ˵ԶԶûʩչѪǼһˮѪϸϸһܣʱоѪ֮УڵѪܣӴޱȣңѪ֮⣬֮ܡ
ܣôӵ±ʵѪϲѪħʸķֻǵ˵ţãѪ֥ɺã
˵󣬳ϴ޴ȡ֥ɺ棬ѪѪΣ֥ɺ̷ȥѪħʿ֥ɺ棬¶˿־֮ɫϿ֥ɺСټֻ֮ʣһ㣬ûע⵽Ŀ־壬˵Ȼûбı£Ǿȥɡ
һ֣նѪħʸԴԪڤٲѪ޻ϣٽѪħʵԴ棬Ѫ޻ڻͲȴ޷֮
Ǽʮߴ·Ѫħȫɱ⣬Щ֮ΪѪū߷˳ЩȵѪūѾۿնʬһ㡣
⣬Ҳһ̾ϢҲѪħ˿еѪū֣֮νѪūūܾ࣬ĥ
ţʱȽϺõЩߣѪħ˽Ȧṩ书ҩ֮࣬гʱѪΪ
ңŻеȼ֣֮ϵ£ΪƷһƷͣƷߣѪħ֮ǰгɱߣҲһƷţŵĵȼ֣֮Ϊ֣ҪǱʣɳռȵȣǰ֮صɿˣҪʤһ
ŵĴȷʵѪūʲôùܣֻҪˣиõģܹѪħ˶й񣬳ΪĻ֮ӵбһѪħ˻ҪߵȨƣΪѪȵȡ
Щһеˣֱǽʩչ˼£ľɱľͼãߣӿһıӸղЩߵıЩΪѪħ߹ߣԼֶѪħݣ
Уνţͨ˼ιѼ࣬ˣͽˣֻѪħ˳ԵĲ⣬ѪǹΪ
ٸߵȵţҲһֻߵȵѣ
һվ
һѪ޻˵Ѫ޻ųǷһǣÿһǵģѪħʵΪÿһǣǶ˵һɱ¾ѪħɱɸɾѪħڵѪ֥ɺٽѪūͷţĹЩѪħɱֵߣѪħʵԴ£Ѫ޻ڱš
һ·ɱ˹ȥʮǣȻɱ˲ѪħˣɳϵȴԽӳˣΪǵİΣЩߵԭ
ÿһֲѪħ֮ɱԼͬ飬óϾò˼ǣһȺΪߣȴֻѪħʦʵѪħȭߣȴһ˿һķЩɱ֮ʱȴɱڣһħ
ÿһѪħҲǧˣԲһˣǣѪūżҲʮ򣬶ĸ򣬶ôˣԸ⼸ǧѪħ
ûáаٱ䡱ıԼòˣɱϢЩߣڳѪ֮󣬳ɱѪڵѪǣ
ѪǣӳҰĵһ棬һȺ飬ǧ֮ˣЩò֮ȻֻνѪūһը𣬡Ѫ˵ˣ˭ɱˣͲѪūһƷţ
𡪡
ɱ
ǧѪūƻɱ


1450 ǧ飬
ǧΪѪħѪūߣǰһ̣ɥľޱȣһ߾ߵʬ⣻һ仰֮Ǿͬһˣһ꣬ɱ
Ƿ˱仯ģȴǴѪūΪһƷţҲǴϻؼҵϲѾЩһиøɸɾˡ
ǧߣȫʦ֮ͬЭһ𱬷ѪħҲͽɣЩѪūв佫
ʱϵĿ⣬ûзǧѪūϣϿԶҲǸղǸ˵ˣһ˿棬ҪǣϸоЩϤ
Ȼкüǧʧȥĳϣؿ˵֮ˣҲǧѪūƽϣȻѾѪħĥʧȥԣȻɱϣѪū֮
ϴʮ˿ԴѪ޻ڣ̤ǰȥٶȲ̫죬ǧѪūӷˣƫƫַɲ˿գɱ˳ϣǺҰһ
˴ǧѪūϿ֮ʱһͻأ𣬵ʱŭը¡¡顢ǧǺѹѹһƬǧѪūӣͬһ˲䱬ըȫһ̲ѪѪתۼӿǧѪǧѪūըȫϡ
һĻĳϣѾˣľż
ϾɱɱǰֱʱϵЩɱ¾ʵСƣǧһ˲䣬ȫûˡ
Ѫʲôûʣ£
ҲǱղŵĻסӿϮڳϣϻûлعһֱӽӱףǣѪ
ʵ˲ֺڣȴˣȻǳûеֿԭ򣬵Ҳɴ˿ǧһǺεȵǿ
ϣ
񣬾æҪ쿴ϵƣҪѳϲܽѪ¶ȥ򣬺󣬳Щ롭
Զһм˵˵ϺԭҲˣˣѪۣѪȫûóϱףǧǿһģղһ϶ͳѪеһ֡
ԱһæЦݣֺõ˵ڴǰֻлķݣ˵ʵȷʵߣϰĹҲֻ֣ǻʱ䣬ͳһۣҪǴѪ϶һٽѪħ֮
Ѫħ𡱣ѪҲǼ˵һͨ籨ţһæڵأߵлжѪԱһ˵ѪĪˣɣ
۷ģѪĪһὫܵǰ˵ţѪĪͻعڵϣѪɻ󣬡ѪĪʲô
ѪĪһ󣬻۳ȫ
˵
ȴ˺󣬻һ
ѪĪݣѪۺܲˣѪĪһͷ˵ۣѪĪѪĪѪѪĪҪ𣬲ȥѪĪҪܾĥ
ѪĪĽͣѪۿЦѣ˵ϲϷ룬׼ˡ
лۣ
ѪĪߣȫֺѪۣ˭ҲûȥںǧѪūĲǧѪūѪ۵õ۵֮ͨѪĪĽ飬µѪūȫеһ˵һ
ѪĪԶĳϣŭޱȣϣûнɣҵô꣬ڵȵһ죬ҪҪҵѪūղһ˺ģ幥Ĺ㿴˺ܲܰɣڣ幥žŰʮһ̾ѪɵĴ󣬲֪ӵ²
ʮһҲٶȣӸģҲѪħռ켫֮غ󣬽ЩȫһЩѪħûûҹѻķͻǧ֮һڲͣУѪħ֮ΪΪ֮һƬ½ѪħΪƬ½ˣ
Ҳ϶֮䣬Ѫʧˣȫ֮¡
ǸѪĪٴλֺ
¡¡
춯صըٴǧĴأֱӱƷɱըû˷ɢȥǴ˷Ϯȥ
ͬʱʮŸѪѾԨĵð㣬棬ǹҲʮŸѪһѹ棡
񣬻ûлָԺУȻǧһĻ


1451 ûʸ
žŰʮһü֮ǰı׼жϣǱըܹҲܺըȣңЩһǼѪħǧѪɴը
൱һ೬ը
ʮŸѪըܷסűըûȫľô˺ԲֹͣˣʮŸѪҲһѪħһΪɱɢѪܣֱҪʴϵ壬ȴó֮
ЩѪĪʮֵѪĪԼɱУʵʩ¶ЦݣŤüΪѿƣǳϣ𣬻ʥᶼѷˡ
ѪһѪĪļЦòѪĪΣһ󹦣ҪرܽѪħ֮ٴΪƷţ
ллۣ
ѪĪֹлƷţܵĴҪϲ٣ԱǸͨ籨ŵߣһĽؿѪĪֻһƷţ︹̵ΣҲ˴󹦣ӦܱΪƷŰɣ
Ѫ̤ڿգֱסϵĵطȥѪĪҲ̤ڿУʮߣʮߣΪͣ͵ҲǴԲʾ磬лۣΪߵģһ߽ۣΪǰļ֮أҲǸ߸ϵһȺˣڣȴΪѪħ߹˻Ǽ԰ıڣһϻأһĹҵӣ֮󣬻Ѫħˡ
һ˺ƺƵ˹ȥѾݴеĳ䣬Ѫ޻ڸΧѪۿȣСӣǸɱʮѪħ˵ĳϣ
ûѪֻۣĿⶢѪĪϣӿһʶĸоȴһʱû뵽˭Ҳȥ룬ʵղţµ
ңǲǺܲζѪĪЦ˵ʵˣң㣬ҪǧӵѪūأ
һѪˣ
һѪĪڴϵ־Ҫ뽫ǧߵڳͷϣҪϱһصİɲóܵ˺ɱֺͬѪħ并͵뽫ǿڱˣӵˣ㣡Ѿ֮ܳΪˣ
˵ţһָָǸͨ籨ŵߣ㣬һȴѪħ屨ţ
ôˣѪԵģȫҪʱ򣬱ֳˡ߷ڡģѪĪȴԳ˵ƣû˭𣿡
۾һУ
ĺ̶ӣ̳ۣѪĪҧгݵ˵һѣ˭ǵǸССͣȴ˼ޱȵСĪ
ˣƣˣÿһ죬ҶѪ𣬼ûϢһĲѣ㱻ĳ˸ɱˣҺڵȵɱһ죡
ѪĪ˵ţЦ
ұ𣿡
ǣ
ûʸ񣡡
㡪
Ͼɽƴ㣬ĺУȴŴʹƣأСһ·кʸұ𣿡
ѪĪⷬ˵ûˣѪۼϲͲˬˣȵѪĪʲô콫£۵Ѫأ
ѪĪһʣЦǼƷţԭѾ̣ѪˣүүȪ֪϶ð
ס죡
ѪĪ߳ŭҪѪūҪ㡭
ûʸ񣡡˵ôһ仰סʮŸѪ˵ΪƾЩ𣿡
ѵӳ첻ɣ
ӣ
ЦҡҡͷΪʲôҪأǧѪħ˵ȥɱأ
Ѫ۱ȣ
û˵ķݣ
һ۶סѪۣѪ뱩ŭɱһǧԣҲһ䶼˵֣뵱ڳըдץסһѪȵɢ
£ʮŸѪڻһ㣬ɢ˸ɸɾǱǱ˫֣ҲһţԽԽСΪһӡ
ϵֶΣѪۡѪĪһڱڣȫɵˣжһʣϣ񵽵жǿ
ϽԶһӣѪ֮Ѫǣ¡һը죬ѪʧѪĪȥ겻û뵽ǰӺݶˣɱǧ飬Ҫ⣡
ѪĪˣǰһˣţôɱ־ôûӰ죿ͬʱѪĪѪۺ۾ңңʵūͣǽҡ


1452 ô
ѪĪƴشУѪ۵û޶ԣֻǾѪĪǶʮߺȵ۵Ǵ󹦡
ûк꣬Ѫ۾תҪˣʮŸѪɵѪħͦĪġѪɱ󡱣˴Ѫ´ҪģУҲֻ⣬ѪɹɽηɭġѪɱ󡱣ȴɢˡ
ʵѪﻹȥƴӶ͸˵ȥѪĪˣպתӵɲǣһֱǵȣ˭Ȩӵģ
Ѫ۱Ͼôۣ˺رԣŭ죬תͷҪŭȣһתͷͿһȭֱӽѪĪղԨ˴ѪĪȻûбըȴֱֱԨΪǧ
һȭѪۺԥҪϧľѪʵѪѭҪӣΪһȭѪ۸овѪѭ֮УѪͻظоԼ߼һɣȻʶǿһûԴӣڷɿǰȥ
ʱѪʶʲô飬Ҫſڴ󺰣һſڣȴǷκ̶ʶֻֻޱȹоѪۣ͸¶޿־塣
ʮΪ͵ıڣڿϵֽʮһһӣеĿ־͵Ըӵĵزϳ˭ͷûУٲ飬һȭ£ֱʮΪŰߣһȥֱֱԨС
Ǹͨ籨ţԸ˵ūٵߣ֮ˮ£ȴŵ򣬳ϿҲûֱɨȥԨڻʣѪħ壬񾭱ŵôңǽкţϳȵūȻɱѪۣҪ
ֱ֣ӿԴԨ£
ȻնɱЩˣɳȴûзɷֺڿиŵԴǧ黯ΪҽĻ棬ǼˣôܹΪƽϢǧԹ֮ǰǻҷ𣬿̫ʴˣÿһѪħ˵ԴҪǵӣҪƬϣЩΪŵߣɱ¾Ҵûо
֮ôһ̣
ȻϻˣвѪħû˳һŹκһѪħˡ
ȻǼ֮صıˣǧ˵ҲĪ𺳣ͬʱжڳʸˣرѪĪǼ仰֮ǰֵǸѪĪͺСΪҲǸ֮˵ĽǰʶϣǳϰǰʲôΪ伸Σ
ɱ¾֮УҲһʣһλص֮أЩߣʵ˺ôһΣۿǺһڽѪħ۵ߣʹۣǰǵΪĵôҲõҩģɽһǻʵۡ
ѵ˵ѪħǴѹǲòƴϲ˸˾ŲʮЩ֮ǣƴڹ涨ʱڣǵĳĳ似ĳΪǾͻὫǴѪū֡
ڴõѹ֮£Ϊ˲ΪѪūƴΪҲǣһԭǣǰĸ߽׹׵ؽ֮࣬һͽӴѪħΪԼȦ򣬳øʣͽеĹȫųѡ
֮ǰɾѪħҪռ켫֮أضҪѵöࣻߵʵȴΪūǵѪħˣⲻò˵һ̡
֥ɺ潫Ѫħ˵Ѫɾ֮󣬳·һΣǧԴȫѪħ˵ԴЩԴ֮£һѪħˣǾѪ޻ڣ
Ѫ޻ڣһ֤Ѫ޻ԸȥǹѹͳĳܷΧȴܣȻҲܣ
һ·ȥһ·ǣϹһѪħˣɱϢʹѪħĸ߲㣬ʣϢˣĳߣΪѪħȫɱˣŵߣҲƷţƷţǰࡣ
Ѫħ߲Ȼ־ƣȥնɱϵļƻʼʵʩˣƻʵʩĵص㣬Ѫ´ڵĳǣҲǳϽҪһ۳ǣ
Ѫ´ѪϢʱ뵽ԼġѪɱûãбŭѪ³УزŸĴҪ󽫳նɱ
Ѫ³УΪߵģѾѪħۣѪħʥ֮⣬ѪħһѪħۣһǧһۣʮʡ
ַɱֶΣ


1453 Ѫƣ
ʥռĹڳϵһϣ޳ǡɡԨ֡׵һɽңһֱʮɽ٣ʧ
һѪħΪƷŵߣڵϣϷһûѪħ˵Ѫħ˽ѪƣնɱϵΪѪħʥ
ѪսƤץ𣬿Ϣʼûоʲô棬۾Ҳ֮ɫκ˵޳ʱ佫Ҫ깦նɱۣɱϣ츳ķǳˣرǽŶʮꡭ
ΧˣߣѪħˣûвݣ𾪵ģѪƻȴѪЦ˲ֵñʥ֣ϣƷţʱ峤ԸˣΣҲҪ³ϵѪǻ׽˭Ҫ˳һѪǵͼߵľͿԴΪѪ˵ģͿһٸƷţõԽ࣬͵þԽ࣬Ůã
ЩԴѪ鼤ûΪѪ˵ģǵǻһʲôԡ
Ѫƿһǿͷصӣǵ⣬ε˵Ѫħ½ףЩ˾͸ñūۣΪǵʳ
һˣûһ˷ŭɫûУȫЦ˵֮ѪƵϣȴԹޱ飬ӿһˬΪ뵽ˣ⼫֮أһطѪħĿ֮£ߣҲū۲ˣǿɺޣҪǸū̫
ʱһѪħʮƷŵѪһˣʵѪӣ㲻峤߻ʲô
ƴʥ峤ҽ˴˵ǶԸϵһѪֱӽһˤڵϣ˵ͬһӵģ峤ΪѪѪ峤ѾʩطѪѪħΪ
Ѫһ󾪣Ϊһūʩչطֵ𣿡
ʥһֵǸ۵ģ
Ѫʱ۾ҲǺڰ׷ӣͨͨѪۣ͸¶ģҲԹޣԹޣֻǶԳ϶ѪһѪ˵峤˵ˣһҪϵѪȥԽԽã
İɣбʥڣϵѪһζӲˡ
ѪƺţѪһۣû˵ȥҪûзãʥ㡣Ѫߵͷַ˺ݻ˳ȥ
һ߳ȥвٵţΧֺѪЩάرһЩǰҲҪʮֺõۣҲŭձϥģѪֵ˵һЩ֮ѪɢȥԶѪƣ˵ϣǰһľϲ
ѪȭͷЦ
ͬʱüͷѰҵǵ㼣֮⣬˼һҪ⣬ܼǵѪԣǸڷѪħˣѪħ˴ȥ
ҪһȺʨӣ⿿ƤӣǾûõģãû÷ʱʵϣֱɱѪ³ǣ

ϻ񣬿ŵʮѪħԴҡҡͷ˵Դ˲٣ҪһŲŹȴչһţɱѪ³ǰɣѪħҲѪ³׼ŷɱ׼ٳһ㡣
ЩͶѪħģ֮ܳΪߣ壬ȫԼı֣ûԼûԼļ֣ǵΪٸߣҲ̤޺޵˵ţлţʦںδ
壬塭
˺ü飬ƺ뵽ʲôһעˡϣ뵽ЩǧΪ˰Ѫū֣Ϊ˸ţͱɱ뵽Ϊͨ籨ŵȵȣ˼άԽԽ˵ʲô嶼ûãõģֻг棬ǣʲôܼǵԸѪħأ
УУҲֻܼһ֣ڴֶԣǱˮнûжôҩ֮Ҳǣ˵ƴƣҲòôࣻǡ
ĿԽԽϬԽԽˣܴ󣬶һѪħ˵ϣɱѪħˣܵõⲻһ𣿡
ɱӳѾģĸѪħ˵츳ܣܽѪħ˵츳ܣתƵϣܵõ츳ܣӦù˰ɣ
ܵõѪħ˵츳أ
һ֣뵽ģѪħڵѪ


1454 ĸ츳ģ
ѪħѪ˹ÿһʽУѪܣЩطЩ󣬶õѪͷѪɫ۾ѪɫƤѪɫģҲѪ飬˵Ѫħ˾ΧѪתģѪħ˵츳֮أͲѪħѪ֮С
ȻѪħ츳ܴѪϻͷǣѾ˷򣬳ǸȥŬˣͼڴ½ϵͼ֮أҶоѪħ츳֮أΣҲҪо
ܹ뵽ĥ֮Ѫħ彫һƬ֮УЩǣôܷŹأ
ܺο˺
һ·ɱȥϵԴԽԽ࣬ԶԶȥһѪƣҪоѪħ츳ô¶˲Ѫħ˵һƬѪɫԴ֮£
̿򣬿ǼʮԴЩѪħ˵־ͱˣȻ󣬳ϴ˽⵽һЩѪħ󷨣ǸѪؿڱѪɫС
ѪһѪγɵķģ棬ѪģֻѪħ峤ֱϵѪѪħĳ϶ᡣ
Ѫħ󷨵ÿһѪħ˶ᣬǣӵеĲֻΪĳһܻ֮ӦĹҲ˲뵽ǹɻûнӽӾɢĹѪܣѪħʼǹѪȷʵѪħ֮Ѫ޻Ҫǿö࣬ϲ쿴һѪħ󷨣˵þѪϿƶֵַҲѪħ󷨣Ϊ͵ˣΪߵǰűܵη壡
ҪѪħ󷨣õĲǾѪܣȱѪħ֮󣬳æ̽ЩѪħڵѪܣһ쿴˸֣ÿѪħ˵Ѫܣǲͬ⻹ûʲôǣΪߵģѪħ󷨲θߵѪħˣڵѪܣҪΪ͵˶࣡
ĿҲǲͬƺ壬Ѫȵйϵ
ŨŨɻ󽫳ϰΧⲢûеסɱ¾ĽŲѪ³ΪģһһǵģѪѪ³ǵȵķһһǱ൱ãǺЩŵǣѪֱһˣѪ´ȴʲôܣͣزһһ
ѪħԴѾ˰ʮˡ
ϵʣŨˣ뵽ؾУǿӵϵģЩѪܣ֪ѪħǲʲôϵЩѪħ˶ʹѪħ󷨱ɵԭ򣬾ΪЩѪҼǵֻ˵ʲôѨϣѪħΪʲôûУ
֮⣬ϻ֣ߣǷڴָΪǸûдָѪĪҲûдָϿǼǵǰ֮صĴָΪԪǳձ飬ǿǷǳĵģؿɼڣȴûм
⣬ЩָȫѪħ˵ǣѪħôָʲôأüͷЩ֥ɺ棬ѪɫɢԽԽЩοͻأסˣ츳Ѫܣĸ츳ģʲô츳ģ˭ģ
ܲԵ޹ʾͳְɣЩȻ鱦Ҳûԭͳֵģ಻ڻ֪ԭˡ
ӳˣԺٴθѪѪΪѪĳ£¶ȻĿ⣬Ҳ֥ɺһѪħ˵Ѫ
϶һסϲҪôΪѪħʵ̫ŹˣȴǷ˵ˡʹ߷ļƻˣڵ֪ʲôݳϣ
ܿ죬ΧѪ³ǵЩȫ˸ɸɾѪ³Ǳһ³ǣŵѪħԴҲ˰֮ЩŵѪħˣҲŽʮˡ
Ѫ³ȥ;뵽ԼǰսЦū֮ͬ࣬һɡ£ٶȣȡ˻ŵʮѪħ˵ͷ֮ѪѪת
ʮѪħȫѪ³ѾڳҰѪ³ϿգѪ죬Ѫƶ䣬Ѫһۼǧͬࡣ
Ͽ⣬ûзֻɱֱѪ³ϵѪƣնޱȣһ֣ʮѪħǰ棬˵ǣʮѪħˣ
˲䴫ѪƵ˵ĶѪƴһȺ˳
ͬʱս͵ζһȺˣ̤ϼ֮أųɱ·߽ζϢѪħ壬һһϱ󴫵Ѫħ峤Ķ


1455 Ѫͷ
ˣ
һѪƵĶ䣬ѪѪʱųһջûȥϵĻˣߣȡѪȥ
δ䣬Ѫƾ̤˿Уһ̤ڿУѪƾͿһƬƴޱȵġѪơɵٶһʲôѪƣȫһſԴѪħ˵ԴС

ѪһҺȣɫҪѿжѿ֪һѪħʧȽϴ󣬵ǣû뵽ʧȻֵزңǵԴȫն
Ѫ´۵һѪħˣ̤˿УЩǣѪħ˿һԴԴ޲Ҫϸ˺ƬѪƵѪۣϺȵͼѪūɱѪħˣʥģɱһѪħˣʥɱһǧͬ࣡
ģһЦҲᣬԳ֮ģɱѪħϳѪħһ壡
ÿѪūѪħһ壬ʥһץסļˣץסˣɱǰѪ̤ϼ֮ôĻѪӿѡ
üһвĻУ˼Ѫħ˼֮أѪħټЩūǵİæҪϣõһЩϢѡ
ȥҪѪħץļˣضвѪħò˵ûѪħ
뵽ؽڣа˲٣ĽȴǸĵضԸѪħ壬Ѫ벻˵ǾвӰ졣
ѪԸɱʮѪū
ǣƴʥһѪħӦҪ֣ȴгһ󽣣ҫķһն£һѪħ˾׷룬ѪڿƮѪɫ֥ɺܳЩѪ˵Ǿƴƴ˭ɱø죡
ѪƶѪɫ֥ɺ棬۾¶䱸֮ɫֽĿϣǴŭȴûɱ¾һǧѪūҲȲһҪԣˣͬʱһǰ˵ƴʥ罫ǧѪūϡ
ƾʲô
ѪҪˣȴû˵ɱǧѪū˼ĲˬֻҪƷ˵Ѫ
ƴʥǰЩӣѪ۱ɱǧѪūҲûи˺ǽɱǧѪūҲûж壬ȻҪǽǧѪūϣϿ϶ҪǧѪūǧѪūͻΪϵĳظٶԸ׶ˣңܹȻǾˡ
ⲻһܾƷŴ
лʥԸΪѪħİҵͿأŸ˲ѣԱЩ۾ǶʼɵĿ⣬ѪƺȵˣҾͲɱǣ
ȷǣ
ȻǽŵһһǸЦѪƵǸƣҲֻ޺˵ҪǸҲˣҶҪʮѪūᣡ
˵꣬Ѫһ֣ǣ
ѪūǣɣѪӶǧѪūȵǧѪūһþȵĸ˶ûУеˣãȻޱȵãȻϿǧǧѪūľʵӣﲻʹϧ˵ǵþˣӽˣܹǰ
ϵȥ˶ˣϧֻ󲿷ֶݲеòӣӦЩӦ˹ȴ뵽ﶼѪħˣôܵóȥ
ǳϣǲ뱻նɱ͸ҹһǧϼɱȻ֮ǰöˣ󲿷˶ϳ˳ɱ񣬿ʼ˲˵ǰȥ
ѪЦѾˣʥأǣ

Ϻһ䣬ʧķѪħ˸ϽǱ߸ȥѪЦԽԽʢȾȫõѪ³к󣬶ǷܵǧѪūȵɱһ
ʱһǧһۣʮʣԼͬɱ˹ȥ۾ɱ⣬ˮ򣬺ȵ
֮£ЩˮԪԪλ̱֮£нȥһǧֻʣİˣʧΪأ
ѪûзŭǽζؿһϷ˵һĻѪū˼Ӻ󣡡
ƴʥϣҪСһ㡣

˵ʹɱͬ࣬ҾԴͬࡣʹŰԴһѪͷ󣬽ǧ߻
Ѫ´ۿһĻĿɵֱֱԴ
ʲô
ѪƸŭˡ
ЦҲ
ʱѪ³УǾѪūӣ屬ը


1456 ʮ
ҪסǧߵԳ˵ȷʵһĿǰĸԺĸѪΪƵóѣȴϳ԰ѪħԴѪͷѪƶԣѪħ߹ͷ­ȥǧͼѪūһĪĳ裬ԸЩԴҲԸ
ѪҪնһѪʱѪ³ﴫ¡ը죬ֱ죬ѪɢѪƱ飬Ѫ´۵עӡѪͷתѪ³ǣѪüѿΪʱ䲼µ󷨣ը˺һЩ
СӣʥҪɱ㣡
Ѫƿűķŭ뵽ⱬը϶ǾѪħйأʵǣʲôס˾ѪħˣУѪħѪ鱬ըҲܣңѪħ˽ȥʱǿǺһ£ûзܹըһƷ
ҪǴȻȫ׼á֮ԪҺڣ֮ʱֱ
ѪƱҪȥѪһѵƴʥ峤ǸˡѪƵ˵ͷȴԲһغϾʹ˽ЩǺʥȥɱǧѪūҪɱˣǾͱˣ
ʣµǣɫ԰ף۵Ϊ˵ּܻɽϽѵأɱǧѪūҲ൱򵥵飬ɲ򵥵ǣǧѪūǰվһɱ
Դ˱ѣѾڹɱ֮ǰѪͷһͲ򵥣ôƵˣǣֲòȥ
һ㾢򣬺ѪͷЩѪͷһɢңϲΪѪͷҪƵļ󣬴ͬһȥȻΪ˶Ṧһͷ˽ȥţЩҡŵѪͷȻȫſ죬³˻ɫĻ𣬿ղ̲Ļûʲô𣬼Ц˵ң
䣬ͱǻɫĻ𣬸˸ɸɾǣҲճɻҽʣµǣٴľս
ûйЩۣǶǰһˣ˵һ˲䣬Ͼϳ˭ȻѪѪѪϾ˳ȵ𣡡
벻㻹ʶ𣬱ţǲǺⰡǺˣڽѪ𣡡
Ѫ𣡡
Ũɱĳһ̶ֳ˵ȥɽ̤һ;ӹΰʼĿ꣬ҪܰʵԽԽߣֱʥŵڶμʱѾôްûء
һΣһѪħˣɱ
ѪԲ֪Ѫ۶ų˵ԶǷڱȻǷʮǰǷʮĽ죬㻹Ƿ
һ̶ޱȣѪҪԡϣóϷŭʧȥǣΪΪǳϵʡ
Ѫ֪ϵľҪǽΪͷŭĻҲĵز
ңѪ˵ϵ䣬̧߳ϣȴС˼˸ѪħˣˣΣյúܣһҪȥһҪնɱ
վڳߵľ䣬һûӿе䣬˫ŴδйľâųϣʵϣŶʮꣿ
ûлشĿ⻹ѪѪһѾ˳ֻжʮ꣬ˣȴˣϵܻСҲôҲ꣬ȴϣֻжʮ꣡
ʮնɱʵǿصĵһˣ
еɻ󣬵ǽˣڸ֪Щʲôֻ֪ΣҲҪסϣȥϴ
رǴ½֮
Ѫħˣ
Уص
ǱߣѪһˣųЦʶ𣿡
Ⱦң
ˣоŷƣǵϳĳ˵ԳܲðȴȻ˵𣬷Ҹһȫʬ
ѪѪȫʬˡѪŭ˵ֶ·ǧ˵ҪѪͷ󣬾ҲõѪūȫΪһƷţ
ѪĻ䣬ǧȺо𻶺вѪħ˵ԴȥѪƿһĻЦѣӿһɱǣҪɣҪȵˣȴ
ѵ֮أûһߣûаǵ𣿡ţҡҡͷţ϶Уһеģ
ѪЦ˵뱾һս𣿡
˳ȥ


1457 Ը
ҪӮ˱𣬱ͷѪָųнǧ׵ĳ˵˵ƾôӮ˱𣬱ʮһǰǸһͷѣվ
һ仰δ˵һȭһʮһǰǰһѪδֻǼЦѣۿϵȭҪƽѪһץԼǰ
ͬʱѪһŻֱϣŻѪ⣬Ѫɢź˵ܣѪ𣬳ϵһθоԼѪЩ춯ļ󣬿춯ǿ־壬˷ܣ
Ѫ֮ѪĹûͣ˳ϣѪ³ھѪ˹ƣ
ȭͷδɢֱӽѪץģѪҲ֣һϵ֣ͼɴҪϵȥֻǣϵ̫ǿѪ겻ȥ
ָоѪ˷ܣ޲Ѫһһ˼ϱѪһͨѪ˽Ѫ𿴵Ѫϵ壬۾βס˷ܣϼЦŨˣٴΰɷ
ڳ̽ѪɲǣɵǰһֵغȾң֪桢ʲôطǶš
仰ǻţһɣĳֹסץסҪ󣬾ڳץסһ˲䣬ǱĿɫͬһʱ䣬һѪֱϵЦȥɣֻҪˣҾͻᱻΪѪѪ
Ŀ͸ϧĿ⣬ȴҡҡͷʱѪѾڳϵﲿλϧȴûд̵ýȥЦȻֹܣΰӢ峤˵ѪǳԽĴڣôܴ̲ȥȥ
ǡʱѪִ󺰵
£ѪˣһŸѪĳҲˡ
ը˲䣬ѪҲʼ˹ǧѪΣֱѪһ󵶣󵶱ѪΧЮնϣ
ǱըܲСûܵʲô˺ֻڵѪ춯ӼңѪ˲丽ӣҪϵѪңЩѪմʱѪҲǻԾޱȡ
ϽѪ̽֮ǰѾ˺üʮѪħѪǣûؾѪ飡
ѪǧѪ궯ѣ겻ϵѪ⣬ֻżЩѪ𲢲֪飬ֻΪеļƻ񹥻幥ȵȣȫóѡ
ѪӿһĻҲصͷѪҲ˵峤Ȼ۲ŴԣѪū͸óΪ峤ĵʯ
ڸоܰɣ㣬ܵĻں棡ѪţѪն£ʼδȭͷȥ
£ѪƣѪƣѪ飡
ȭͷһ
Ѫǰ󣬾ֱ͸ǰغ󱳣һɭȻѪ
⡭
Ѫ𻹳ץסϣʹĥϵȫǰⷭ츲صı仯ռϷ磬ѹųϴ򣬽һһƵôԼؿڶһѪأ
ѪħôᰲȻôܹЩѪΣѪӦñɾ˲ŶԣѪ񵶵ıըôܲأ
ѪЪ˹ش󺰴ţΪͶѪħܹϱɷǡ
УֻһЦ˶ѡϳȭͷȴûзŹѪ˵뵱ѪħˣȴƫƫԸΪĵھȪϢͰѪħĻǰɣ
Ҫʲô㲻ɱ峤Ϊ𱨳ġ
Ѫ
ʱѪڵѪ汬
ҪϣŹҺòãҲ㲻ǷҲǷ
ۻ٣
죬Ѫӱˡ
ϣ֪ʲôطңȻĻҾ峤ץ
ɱŨȣ٣

Ƥ䣡
飡

ѪеģѪħطһУȫˣȻѪԶʧƬ֮£ѪӡѪƵѪֳ˿־ɫĹȻû˺
ѪƵĿ⣬ֿǧߣǧֻŰˣȺԼ˲һЩЩҪƳѪͷˣѪͷӾըˡ
ѪټѪʣµ߻عһɱɲô׶Ըģ
Ϸų֥ɺ棬ǽЩѪθԵ㻹Ѫħ𣬳ǰȥ棬Ѫ´ۺϣҪ֣͸۱һ󷨣ܲ˱۵󣡡


1458 ɱʧ
Ѫ´ۿѪͷ𾪲ѣͬʱŭҲһӣƴͷԼ϶Ӯϣûʲôԭ򣬾ΪЩͼѪūȲѪħġ
Ѫ´۷ս˵ûȤ
Ѫ´ԽӲˬͬʱҲ϶ϸӮҪȻôҺǰ󣬿϶ɺϣǰѪͷҲײ˹ʺ˵ԭ
ʱѪ´ۿϳˣȡ˰˸ѪơѪӵһ˼״Ͻǰ棬ѪִסЩţҪٹЩѪūȫɱȥ
һʱ䣬ơ󵶡ǹȵ似ŨŨѪΧţϮ۳֮Ķֶ
ҪǣЩ棬һѪѪħʥĹ򣬹ɢŽԪԣֻ֮ҫģѪ⣬Ѫܺڽ˽֮ޱȣ
ϸûع˸ֱѪ³ǣ˸ﶼע˳ϾŲڵĳϵÿһɲǼǧֻ಻٣
ŲǾڽ
˸ֱЩѪΧŵĵȭӰӡ۳ȵеĹѪƵѪȫײ˸飬Ѫɫ䣬ʺѪӲ¶˲԰֮ɫ
ѪѪħʥñȽϿ죬ӹһ٣ЩѪħ𣬾ûôõˣֱƴײѪɣʩչѪѭʩչ
˸Ѫ³ǱѪ´۲ǧ󷨣Ѫ³ǣͬһɳӣѹ̶˸γ󷨣ЩδѪħ˸Һ˳
Ѫû֮⣬Ѫ´ҲûؿѾѪĳɹΪޣп־˲˼㣬ʱѪ´˳˵ûȤ֣ԭҲֻһЦ
ЩɱڳǣûϵһĻзӦģͷҪӣɱӦԣϧȻˡ
Ѿ֣ƴȫһն˳ȥǾһ鶹һն룬һɱˣ汻ѪͷŵŰ߻عɱһ
ЩߣҲȥѪͷˣѪħڻһЩ뵽ѵĵþˣɱҪǣ
ѪȥѪƶ˵ϣʲô㻹ڱʥϣҪɱ˱ʥʥѪƱ˵ţʩչѪħ󷨡
ʥ
һն£Ѫ´ԴѪͷУӽʱϿѪ´۵ָϣȻһöָ½ָȡ˹Ѫ´ͷ壬˴ϣ
ţѪƵָȥȴûпָӰʸأѪħ嵽ʲôĴı
Ѫħ󷨣
Ѫƴ󺰳ѪǵѹϲԶľ䣬ҲоϵѪļ󣬾ѪħĹȻʤһ֮ңһѪħʥѪڣҪܵˣֻ»ѪħʥĶ֡
ţ䲢û˺󣬵ֿѪܣ۾ųϣôϺѪܵӰ죿ԺҲؾеĻ档
ʩչѪħ󷨵ѪƣЦţū˱ʥѪħ󷨣͹ԹһūɣôҪǱʥѪҲõôǱʥͽǡ
ѪƵĻû˵꣬ͱۡĽѪȡˣѪѪƵ۾ϵÿһëｦ
ô㵽˭Ϊʲôһᷴ
һֶûµóѪƵӾͱˣѪȫóˣţˣѪħ׼һηɱƻʧܣ
ΨһŵѪħˣǸѪ޻ڣѪ޻ڿѪǵѾо־ˣǾһжȻлó޵еġ
仯Ѫ޻ڻ֪
ջذ˸ȡѪħ츳ѪܣûͷɢѪͷ󣬶ٶ˵ѪħˣҲǿɱģѪħҪǵѪʵҲѪħ˵ѪѪħ˵Ѫ棬츳ܣѪħ˵Ѫ˵ܵõѪħһ
ģ
˾ûлش𣬴Ѫ޻ڣŰͷ­һˣȥǣҪɱһѪ죡
µǾ仰̽ߵľ۹ʧתһ׹⣡


1459 Ѫǣɽ
Ѫǣ
ǰĹǣȴѪħĶǣת֮νתҲǴѪħı½ͨ
ѪȻޱȣȻʱյ֣ȴڼ֮صߣ࣬ѪħˣѪħڽϣ߼ܶѪħʲôΪ¾ΪѪħʿҪڵϣй֮񣬶һҪÿһ㣬ˣõľͽһȭߣ
Ҳ˲ģʣЩ˾νţҲҪģֻǹѪħĴǣЩڵϵģ󲿷ֶڲˣĽӶʼҲкٵһ棬۾ŭȭͷý޲ýѪħ˸ڵأԴ
ָ֣֮ߵĲԣΪЧ߷ֻβսǶ߹ܵǸϣĸݣָ
취ˣҲ۲ΰԣ
Ѫħ峤Ѫ죬ѪУռ䣬ѪȣһĴ⣻ѪĳݣΪһ黹ûĵ̳Ѫǵû³ϡ
Ѫ켫ҪϵѪϵǳǳǿоҪ˳ϵѪʵķԾЩպ峤֮λвֵܽǣҲв
ѪļƻҪǵóѣ³ϲ⣡ѪڰοԼǣΪʲôڻûϢأûС

Ѫ죬һϲѣæ˵ǲǳϱץˣѪˣ
峤Ѫ³ǻˡ
ʲô
Ѫ𾪲ѣѪ³Ǿۼ˶ǳôܻأѪţϽ뵽֮е񾳽磬Ҳô˵Ķ֣ϾѪħ츳ܣǵסˣߵʮʵ಻һɣȫӲǣôĽѵ˵ͻ񾳽磿
һ˼֮ѪǿԼʵڳ
ûв鵽ѪǡѪǡѪԳǡѪسǵʮǣȫˣ
ѪȻͷŵģѪ˫ɱӿ֣˵ǣĲѪħ𣬼ʮѪħˣôʮǶˣʮǿˣңѪڶѪϣѪԳѪسڱһемˣôܱ鲼ķ
峤һ¡
˵
߿ʼɱˣ
ѪϢѿı鵹ûбøѿ˵ɽЩ𣿡Ѫ֮дһʣΪֻɽûбߣŸҳɱѪħˡ
ȻѪ֮󣬷µıǹŹ֣ɣѵǣ
峤Щ߲ɽģǰһЩѪūҡҡѪħ˲˵ȥѪȵ˵
ˣ
Ѫħ˹˵ңǻں˵Ѫ
ʲô˵һ飡
ѪıȣȳϻʮǻҪȣҲֻһˣѪħԿѪħ֣ǰɱϣһҲֻķݣǣѪūѪħѪǲĺʵ̫ˡ
ȥϹ㣡
ѪʶԣæȥϹѪħοߣռ鼫֮أǾӹΰѪҪڵһʱ䣬£ѪūΪʲôҪ˵Ѫ
ͬʱѾһˣ̤Ѫǣͱ仯ģϵ˿Ҫ飬ɱ¾ǣǽ츳£
ϻǵ͹õѪħ츳ܵķ˳Ѿ˶ǣͻǾ仰ķ籩ĻҪ󣬻Ҫ죡
ǺôҲǻ
ϲ⣬ǷѪħ˵Ѫܵõ츳ܣԽԽѩ򣬽ܿѣʱϵѪͰ׷ˣпٻصǰ־档
֮⣬ϻ뿴תô¶̽Ѫħ֮صģУ˭ƶһϵֶΣˣȥ
ɽ
ʮѪħΧˮйͨиѪħʥʮѪħһѪħʥ󷨴ʦѪ´۵ʦѪħȷʵɽǣѪħҪɽѪħҵɣٻعͷɽˡ
ɽڣ˽ǳüһ˿죬˵ϴôţɫһ˼תһƧԺȥҪǸ˳֡


1460 
ȻѪУɱ¾ȴûֹͣȻǾģеٶȣѪħܹ׷ϵģȻҲҪѪħ츳ܵӰ죬ǣּӰ΢΢Ѫͷ࣬һʮѪͷȫճϵҪ󣬷ڳָĵطѪ޻ھĳһ棬ѪͷΪ顣
òĽ⣬ֻ˸ɾӵɱ¾֮УµûϲҪĲ򣬶Ǵ죡
ʱҪǿսԸһ֮Ҳˣˣд죻ѾˣȽϴǰͻף
Ǳߣսץ˲ߣõڳϵĲϢеЩϢ𾪲ѣսǺڲѣ޲Ҳǰ㣬ɱʹ죬սڵء
ζȶ񣬷ֱѪǶȥζһ˲ߵע⣬𲻹֮ĵģսڣЩ߸͵òѡ
߹ֵϣ츳ܣǴ㿴ʲôȻٶӦþҵһǣ̵Ѫ٣ȴûʲô
ûнֻ취һ뵽ı󷨣ǣǧɳݹ֮󣬻ûкõķ
δóҲʲôΰ죿˰죬뵽˷𣿡⣬Ҳ֪Ѿ׼ԣ
Ϊóϸؽ磬ʱڵ÷ǳϸ÷ǳ͸ϻǰ׼ҴĳϣϸԳ˵Ҳ죻ɳվĵطȴǼߣö࣬öҲ࣬ңزٵľ־ȵȣҲȱǳǿ
ˣĳڽ׶ΣԳ˵ǱȽס
һҪأǷģԪ÷ͬķŲͬĹ
ƷҪרʺƷĵĲϣȻĻƲɷڵķȴûƣͬԿɲһƷϺãƳʹӹɵģиƷ֮˵ʵйϵ
һã
ʱһȴϵĶѪū˱¹򣡡
̧ͷѪħΪѪħˣޱ飬ȻǻòɲҪϥѪǵĿģǻ˴˳ǣٻ٣ʲô
ԣһֻ֣Ժ︡ŵġġѪħĶͷϡ
ѪūҪԱʲô
ѪħԳϳ֣ǣȴԼӣͶˣûлţΪпߵķѪ
תԼѪҪóϵѪѳӣȴѪЩĿƣ£ˣŽϵͬ麰ɱѪūɱң
Ѫūң
ץסѪūˡ

Ѫħ˷ŭˣϵЩߣ󲿷ǸϽжԶܶԶлŮˣװܿӣȴעڳϡ
ɣ
ĵһŷѪħΪϣ䣬Ǿһ½ȫһķģ⣬£Ѫħ˵ӣͲƵسŴ󣬱ѿһ̲Ѫ⡣
ĴѪħˣӷŭˣȺ֮Ҳûжȵֻǳ磬Ѫħ˵ϣһһķġ
ÿһģһѪħ˵ӱѪ⣬ΧѪħԽԽ࣬ϻȻδ˷Ѫħ˵ӱѣҹΪЧġѪħ˵Ѫ쳣˵ֵܹѪħˡ
֣óϴΪܣΪҵƳһһŵķʹõĻѪħ츳ܣߵƽС
ת֮䣬ϻİٸġȴûиоһۣǾϻϣΧųϵѪħˣѾһ֣ŮȴǲŽֱߵųϡ
ÿѪʸˡ
Ѫʸۣūɱٶˣһ׷Ź
ǣ͵ѪūμѪūЩѪūɱ
ԣ

ΧѪħ˵ĻǸѪūƺЩ򵥣ʲô棬ǣϾͽװˣѪʸ£װƵѪһȺ˴ӵѪūȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫţϵüͷͣšϡ֣۾ﾡǸӵɫ


1461 ȣһ
ϣѪūѪõ츳ܣһѭöסѪһѪϵı飬򶨣ȴ˽
ȻǸϣϵԼŮΣգ˳ϣóʧ½ϣϱΪԶʧˣҲˣȴϣվǻˣңԭǿ
ѪħжǿҪȻҲѪħ˶ߣȻľ޴ƣҲţһ㱻ɱ
ȻôǿѪħˣȴɱ˺üҪǿʵ
ϵɱ޼һԣϣҲɷ
ѪϱȽأΪϵİľĸнοסĴþ棬ԣ󲿷ʱѪ춼Ѫħ˶ְȵһϱȽصӣԱϸõΪ
ǣѪĺܷеð˳˵ϣΪŮҲҪ취ֹסƣȥһ᲻ĵģҲģ㲻ļһʲô׷Ů˵һǿġ
۾һĨŭɫȴܿȥΪŮ鵤ϵһУٲǰ¿ʼ
ȴϣ鵤ŮȻǲó˭ҲϵЩ£ҪĶûǣϲ²ԭһ鵤ĵҩ֮ʮɽ£Ů̫ӡŴˣŮһֱƲ֣
ֲŮٳһ鵤ĻģŮὫҲˣʲôǵãصģŮһ׳ա
ЩڣȴѾûа취ͷûãѪħͻɱˣտʼҲǼֿɲ̫ôҲֿסأͶˣ֮һȻŮҲ䵽Ѫħɺ֮£Ѫ쿴ŮʱҪŮΪŮū
ΪŮϱѪһһƣԴѪ׷ŮŮԸѪ죬ʵŮܽѪ죬ȥĻһ죬Ůⶾ֣ˣϾֻرֳļֵʱ価ܵӳ
Ѫ첻Ϸ˵峤ûңǹѪܵõǵ츳𣿡ҲΪ취ˣã취ģǳϡ
ѪһصȻܣһȺͼѪūôܹõѪħ߹츳ܣ
ԣ飬ͺܺðˡ
ΰ죿Ѫ¶ЦݣЩ𾴣˵ȣ
ȣ
ǵģǷֺѪܵõ츳ѪܣҥԾͲˣѭҲѭȥϿѪɫûȫָּ˵ȻΪסǣ峤ɱһţȻųȥЩѪħѪˣȫץ̵ķɱ˫£û˸ô
Ǹð취ѪЦ˵ֶ˵ҪҪǸгϵļūץס˵أ
֮Щʧ
ѪЦ˵Ѫ˵йϵ벻ƽץǾҵķˣ
ϵľȣѪЦˣ˵ҰȢΪ޵ϢųȥǸϻ᲻
峤ǧ򲻿ɣѾͬİ·ˣС
ϼ˵ȥѪѾ˵ʲôɣץסϣЩѪūǱʾҵĳ⣬ȢһͬΪޣǿϣܹõؿǣⲻһ𣿡
Ѫ˵꣬ʱףƣԲѪģǵǵĻǺ⣬ȴ˵ţ峤ģһᾡ콫ץġ
ˣѾˣ
˵꣬Ѫ˦˳ȥߵſڵʱֻعͷ˵ϣҪȥѪūҪҪҲȥ

ѪЦ˳ȥɫ԰ף̱ϣ֪飬жôأŮ˵شǣʲôֹأ
ץסϣǡһ֮
ͬʱϱѪʸ۴ѪūһȥѪūˣ


1462 Ѫū
Ѫū
˼壬Ѫūƴĵط
طڳɲμӵǴ̨ԣֻǸ̨Ǹ߸ϣ൱һȵף̨ڹȵ̨ȫѪɫȴּӲޱȵӸΧѪ´۵ʦ˶󷨣νǹֹѪūӳ̨
ڹȵıأȴ˲ޱȵεȵȣŵģѪħˣҲŮеľ󲿷ѪħˣţŮģ󲿷ȴ࣬ЩŮģϴ·ҪౡжౡҪԼжԼһ˿ûж𣬲ңһɫȫڷѪħ壬ŸѪħ˽εһЩĻ棬ԱвںȲɣЩŮӻҪӭϵӣ򣬵ȴǵģǸӱҵ
ƣͻԳѪħ˱߸һ⣬߹ԣ
ȷʵѪūǹѪħ˹ͣӵģѪū챬ϯҲ⣬߸ϵѪħǣڼҡֱۣﻹڴš
Ѫū⿴Ҳûж˼ǻڶĲһѪħ˴غţĶӮѾʤˣⳡ϶ҲӮѹʮѪʯ
ʮ˺Ӯʮ˺ſŹֵĳƺţſ϶ʮ˺ŵĶ֣ѹʮѪʯ
ѪūӮ
ʮ˺ѪūӮ
ţ
ʮ˺ţ

һһߣµעҲԽԽЩҲԽԽۣ
̨ϣǸʮ˺ѪūضŶѪū˵Сӣȥɣ㣬һͿѪū֣һƷˣ
֣ҪˣӦնɱѪħ˵Ĺ֣նɱԼͬ࣬Ѫħ߹һ죬ⱨӦģ
Ӧ˭ܴùѪħĴǣⱨӦ㣬ϾҪ
ޣ
ֱʮ˺ѪūһѪţӰ䣬һײʮ˺Ѫūϣʮ˺Ѫū⧲֮£ײ˺ӻûסžٴγϣ˫˫סʮ˺ţֱʮ˺ŵѪҧȥʮ˺ŲҽвѣͬʱȭͷͣشŵԴ
Ѫʼ쭽
ѪһĻ̨ϵѪħ˸˷ˣѹѪūѪħ˿Цѣȵţҧҧ
ѹʮ˺ŵȴ˵û˭Ӯ˵һأ
ʮ˺źӹ֣ɱӵġ˵ţʮ˺ųָˣѪūЩ֧ˣսͲղײľʣµһʮ˺ŵĹԽԽͣʶģˣ˫˫ȻҲδɹֺ۾ų޵׹⣬ֱѪħˣɱһѪħ
ɿ
ʮ˺˫˫ŵ䴦ȥĹͷţץס˶ŵԴ泶Ҫöӡ
飡
ʮ˺ڽ˵ϣŵѪҧһ⣬ʮ˺ŵĲӴѪ̨ܸϵѪħˣһĻѺʮ˺ŵĴɱ˶ţ졭
ѹŵܻغżūվʮ˺ҧߺţ߼ԱߵŮˣŮʹ಻ѣȴҽг
ʮ˺ϵѪѪħ˾˾֣ųȥҪţһһŵػﻹţɱһܳΪһƷˡ
Щ˳ϵϿ˽ҰްĲЩɻǶõԪƺ٣Ͽ˿ܵ󷨣ЩףЩ߶Ԫą֮̃ϵ
⣬ϻЩ̨սѪū֣һѪħΪеģһ֣ҪѪūΪŵģ
ҪѪūţҪɱ㹻ˣΪһƷƷţɱˣǲһģҲ͵ˣһЩžʹѪūնɱˣȻ߳ȥܳΪߵȼţ
ϵĿ⣬Ŷţ˵ߣˣţҪȥˣȻܾʹȥ
ΧѪʸ۵ˣ춯ȵūҪʲô۹ԹԵشţһ£Ȼȥɱˣۻޱȡ
˵ţѪʸͻȻ˵ȥΪסϵӣͻرѿˣȻһֻץסѪʸ۵ĲӣһþӱˣѪ˲䱻ɾȻΧѪħˣҲûӵóȥһûд˸ɸɾ˷ĩ
󣬳˳ȥʮ˺˵ſ


1463 ֣
ϵ̨ͨ󷨴˳ȥѪħ˵ĶЩˣų߳ȫһ㶣ΪûзǸŻûѪūôģ
ңѪūϻûк룬ҲûѪħ˳ֹѪūѪħﶼʣ׷ʲô£
ʮ˺ſųϣҲһ㶣켴ЦСӣţӽɱС
Ѫħʮ˺ŵҲŴ󺰵ԣʮ˺ţһ㣬ɱһƷˣʻӮѹһٿѪʯ
Ѫʯ
иɻ󣬿ۺ¶ĵѪħˣԼãѪʯоѪħ츳ܣĪİʮ˺Ѫħ˶ע˷ܼѣһŲȥ
˵ˣſû𣿡
Ҫɱ˭ܾȡ
ʮ˺ŵ׺ر̶ġꡱѭȥȴĲȥֻţˣһֻε֣ڽĽŴ˺ѿȥ
õʲôֶΣ
ʮ˺Ŷų꣬ͲҺѣ濴ϷĵѪħˣҲЩ㶵ؿһĻøмųϣȴþ󺰵ˣ뿪ѪħѣһǵĶ֣Ͻɽȥܹӻס㡣
һЦжǰ֣ڣǿݽ߲ƵӣʼָžȵؿųϣЦֵܣ𣿡
£
ǾѪɱѪ죡
ã
кǧɣĪؾŷ˳ϣʮ˺Ի˲ôȵĶ֮ʹЦ˵ƾūɱѪ죬Բ
һ
˵һ䣬ֱʮ˺ˤ˶ŵĽ£˵ٵţɱѪħȺ
ǣˡ
ֱʮ˺ŵĵȡԪˣ˵Ǿ仰̧ͷϿտȥĳϣȴ͵סˣһϤӰӰȴվһѪħߡ
еʼϿһۣͽĿջأ˵ȻѾ˵ͬİ·ˣֻҡ
ѹӿ뵽˵ĵ϶ҲѪūţߵģ𣿡
ɱӳɢ
̨ϹһĻѪħˣҪƿڴȴѪˣæسƺѪ죬ЩšŮǣǹһأѪ쿴̨ϵĳϣ˵ЩѪū˭ҪɱҷΪƷţ
С
ǵһͬʱҲȥնɱѪ쿴ųϣܵؾӿһɲˬҲ֪Ϊʲôĸо
Ѫ֮ȥȴЩؿ̨ˣĪأɲˬŨֶ·Ը뿴һӼҵѪūЩѪū֮⣬Щʮϵħޣȫų
Ѫ峤ԣȻհ죻仰ػعѪ죬Ѫһץס֣Ц˵Ǹܻ𣿲ǴģҶһѪħ裬ܹ
ѪħѪħ衱ĸ֣һ˫Ѫۣ͵رֱֱһ˵Ѫŭֱ壬ȴЦ˵ҶҪĻˣӮˣҪΪҵŮˣ֪𣿡
ܵطУɻ˵Ѫİ˵㲻˵Ҿ͵Ӧˡ˵꣬һѪħ˵Ҳע
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҳ

ѪǸԼ˵£Ȼ֪ǫ̂ϵЩѾٸѪū˻һ㣬ϣЩ˶ɱ˳ϣƷţ
ҲһиѪƵˣģѪūˣǳɵҲ̨ϣڵԪҲӿñȽâоǰӦòСŶԣǣȴûˣ
ЩѪūûг嵽ǰк¡¡ĴţǧͷħޣһۿȥҲʮħޣһɢѪζ
⣬ЩѪūɫ䣬ǸѪУҲɫ⵽ôһ¶ȴͻؼ٣ֱϳ
վڳԣЩߵض˷ܵضƺûпǰĻ棬ӦԪ˲ŵ壬ʵֵܣʲô֣
ɱѪħ
ɱڵ˵ֲһ䣬ûɱѪħ֮ǰҾͽ֡
֣
˵һ䣬ʵ֪ҽʲô𣿡


1464 ɱ񣡿ϧ
ɱѪħųϣҲ֪ӵǿʵĳϣʲô֣϶ǸѪУ˵ɱ񣡡£ɱѪħʵʻɱֱϮѪУ
ŵѪУһֹͣѪͣ£ѪūǧѪޣȫͣסˣ̨һƬţ
һ棬е˶ˣѪħ벻ΪʲôѪЦŶ˵Ҫˣ㿴Щŵöҳأ
֪Ϊʲôɫ켴뵽˵ĺĺìܵųϣôһϤĸоأ
ѪЦţѪȴǷŭҪϻţҪţǱѪū޺ݺֻ֮ʣһӮԼ֮ٽɱ
ɱ
ѪطԸһ䣬Ѫħ˸Ͻȥת󷨣ѪǧŵѪĸ궯ȻҶΪͨǣܵظоһ£ͽȫʬ
ɱ񣡡
ҲھţԺȴһڴ֮صɱ񣬲Լɱ񣬾Ǹɱ𣿡
϶Ѫ˵ѪԣɱѪħˣ
˵꣬ת̨ԵѪɫȥǧ޽ںѪūûϮɱϣǸѪ۾ȫء
ѪһѪħ˿ϵĹΪǸūҪʲô
ѪūǣɱƷŰ
ޣ˺

ѪȴЦˣӿ˲뵽ʲô
ʱѾһץһѪѪħ˼״ֱߵŮӣ߳ЦūƿѪ𣿹
ԲѪʥԲµһūܹݻٵģ
ţūҪ󷨹ˡ

Ѫħ˵Ļȫ˳ϵĶȷʵѪħ󷨣Ӵ󷨣ЩͬҪ󣬻ʱ϶١
ǣõǣ
һȺѪħ˵øˣЦѵʱ򣬳ǺƴƥѾͨѪ̨еѪУѪǧ󷨡
󣬳þһȥɣ
ʱѪ飬󷨽Ի٣ѪūҡϽ֥ɺȫȥɱѪħһͬʱȵޣǲҪҸǷĻᣡ
û䣬ϵӰѾʧˣߡֱѪ졣

ʱ˿̣еѪħȫûлصùôû뵽ЩѪЩ󷨣ˣֻѪ죬ڳѪʱԴһͻвԭ򣬽ſϢѪеĲӿ۷壬оһΣס
ԥѪһ鶫ʧˣֻһȦȦƣǡڴʱɱ΢΢ԾѪֱȴǲŹһȭǲ֮УֻһҽдѣѪҲûг֡
ϰһϧȴٶתߵЩѪħɱȥһſŵѪͷʼڿУ̨ϣЩѾʲôܣֻܳɱѪū棬󲿷ֶѪħˡ
ѪһȺѪūȴɵ̨ϣ֪ΰ죬Ѫħ˳Ǵ󺰵ūʲô콫ɱˡ
ѪūȵûعɱѪħȥɱѪħѾ֥ɺղŴȵǸѪħ˳ȥͬʱɱѪħл˷ܲѣɽɽһ֥ɺ棬Ѿҿ϶ɱǸɱ
벻Ȼܺһ𲢼ս
ɱѪħйӳһӷɵѪħǰѪħȫ벻ȻɱŵͬʱϽʩչѪħ󷨣ɱѪħȥ֣ƫ˷򣬲Ҳʧһ룬ɱѪħﰵһѪħȴЦţ˵ƾūɱʣԶˡ
˵ţ֥ɺѪħﴩѪħ˻ðѪ͵ص˵ϣɱѪħָϽԱɱȥ
Ŀ⣬һֱųϣӿϤĸо
ɱ¾֮УϽ˸˳ȥֽһ࣬ȫӳȥ󣬲ȫǳŹͷƬ壬ϲǳĲϣزֻ԰˸ǳΪศ
ʱҲ¶ݣϻָݵһ̣ǡһѪħնһϵӣѪħ˭ɵɱ¾ʱһֲҽУתӣ
ӵ𣿡
ն£ֱѪħ룬ȻϽģѪɫģһʯͷУѪʯ𣿡
ԶųϣʮɽһĻһĻһأǡͬİ·ĻǺڶѡ


1465 ѪĲ
ɱ¾ң
Ѫʯ̺һ壬Ͼ͸оѪ˿˿仯
ѵ֮䣬Īϵ
ǺɱѪħ˵ʱֶһ񣬾ѰѪʯ
һߣӳѪūѪ죬ŲƴеķһѪһ̲ѪѪһƬ԰ףѪǷŭǹһĻȻǸ˿˭ѾѪ²Ѫū

ѪѪţÿ죬طѭǣһȭ˲ˣ߹Ƕ߰˸Ÿ
Σյĵطȫĵط𣿡
ѪЦһʣ˫֧³ѪȫŻҽѪǸӵ󣬾Բ֣֮˵Ȼˣͱٻ뿪Ѫʵ¥ɣ
Ѫ衢Ѫȫн
Ѫһ䣬Ѫħʣ峤ǸŮȥѪôִӷ﷢أ
ȻʣЩѪħȥһɣٶȥ
ԺѪѪħˣѪ϶ѪǰѪ˵Ѫ𣬳Ѿɱˣ֪𣿡
ѪȲѣȻϳһɱѪǣû뵽ô죬ϿѪӣɡ
ûѪȥѪ˵ھѪū

ѪؿѪһۣӦúϻˣһʲôĽ֣
ѪʧȴܷӦصͷѡ
ͬ࣬ҲãѪūҲգѳϸնɱѪū棬ҾѪ
ǡ
õڱѪħһĥ֮󣬵֮Ͳ棬ʣµģֻūձϥѪžģ峤һὫɱһ
ѪۿϣϣŮҲѪū棬㲻Ů£ôȫѪ𣬽ɱǰùһУһΣ
ϳĬ
ôӦȻ㲻
峤ģΪ˵һᾡģ
ҪǳˣΨʣѪţѪæȥ˻ûߵóȥѪ˵峤ͷе㲻Ծˣɴһն˵ˣʵٶǶһΪѪħ۾ˣ
һ䣬Ųȴδͣ˳ȥѪȴĵ⣬Ѫǵߣǿʤţкüôˣ˵֣һ¿ڿˮҲܽϸˣ
ѪֵѪ裬Ѫ֮һѪūˣ߳ģ⣬ģȫɱɾ⣬ٰЩŮˣȫץѪū֮⣬Ҫǳϳˣ͵棬ЩŮˡͯȵȫɱ
ǣ峤ϲˡѪЦȥʣѪħʵ峤Ҫʲôأ
ѪһЦҧת
ת
ѪǵĿģԲô򵥵ģ϶Ϊ˻ٵתתҪʱ򡭡
峤ѵôˣɱϻܳѪū
Ѫһ¿ϵ龰˵ˣСӣҸоǵ츳ܣûжô
ʲô
ԣ˱ת֮أҪʱ򣬿ԽתٵҪסһ㣬ܷŹѪ
ѪԳϵѪǰΪΪͻƣɽ죬Ѫ컹Ϊֵܹ˵츳ֻܵҪӵԺǰ;޹
ȥ׼ɣ
ǣ峤
Ѫħµس˳ȥתã
ǶߺѪִӴָͳһѪĶ˵ɽ͵ĽǽɽˣҲϧҪϵĵץ
˵꣬Ѫ콫Ѫ飬һѪѭȥϢѪʥǰһߣͻȻУѪʥȥκѪ´ʥվʥɽ͵Ľ
ѪūЩѪħ˵츳ܣһûãʹʨӱ򣬱ɱòˣиŵһſѪͷֲޱȡ
ЩŮˣûȥܣɱѪħ˺ۣҪ֥ɺԱػѾ׶༪ˣɱѪħǰʵ棬ߣж٣


1466 
ߣɱѪħо׽һ£ʱ׹ϵ˼һ˼صÿʮСʱƴɱרȺѪħ֣絽һҲϢȥЩȥֵǣӦòһˣ
ϵͷ˵ߣȽֵǸȳ
ǣˡ
ɱѪħˡʮֳֿ켴ʬ壬ѪȵȥǸѪкһЩţûƴɱȥǿѪħ˵һſԴȫɵˣоɿޱȡ
ϱҪǵ߹ȴͻתѪеһȺ˼巢ҽҪ񱼡
վס
֣ѪȴʵʵվţңһС˳ϣǵԴҲ뵽ȺƮŵѪͷС
ЦһܣǺѪħѪرǸմѪħϷųѪҺȵ㹻öĻôǾлᡭ˵϶һ£Ѫһǰۺ󣬼˵ǾлõѪħ츳ܣܹͨǵѪõ˵Ĺ˵ʵ
ջĻﴫѪǵĶؿѪǵ۾ֱˣΪ˸һǿ룬ֵҾӣҺѪħܶѪҪȻô
˵꣬תߣѪ޵󣬲ңһأϼˡ㹻ࡱѪҺĻﴫȥ΢һѪħ˵ѪȴûеõѪħ츳ܵľΪ̵û࣬ʣ
ɱѪħߵһʱ洫˻ɱѪħͷһֻѪǾ񷢷һҧѪħûԴϣŻѪ
⡭
ɱѪħųϣƺѯʲôûлͷȥ֪Ļ棬ֻ˵߰ɣֵҪȡɱѪħһݣǰȥϾԼȥӣɾʱһѪūȴͻ˵ⲻѪħ峤ŮҪǽץס˵ǻõĪĺô
⻰Ϻ벻ᣬһ֮ȴǺȵģһŻֱӽҪȥץӵѪūճ˻ҽ
ͫ͵һѪжųϣǰһЩԣͷȥѪȥһۡ
ӵ۾鲻ԽһĨϲ̧ȱҪߵĳϣȴ˵һ䣺ϣ

УڵϲãԼΪʲôôˣǣѾĴ˳ϵ󣬽š
˿̣ϵעѪǵϣҲڵϣĶǡġĳɹһϣϺٵʲôĽһѪսǲѪħ츳ܣȴ䶼ҪܵӰ죬˵ˡ
ԣҪֲѪħ֮Ĳ࣬ǵľƻΣգûô֥ɺ棬ϵ뽫һֳȥԱӦУǣﻹʱ䣬ңҪ⻮ģҲǲܵģֻպ
ġɱġڷġطġ
ԴɿţѰźʵģʩչϵķģһѾȵ׵ĵǧףɱѪħ˵ˣˡϻ񣬶һЩĻޱȣ䡢ʪ
ʱк켴һȦůĻ棬Źȼ˹ȥӰһƵţɷĩţһǡȭͷϵǧʯ㣬ֱӱޣߴؿһС
ֵǣˣ
߻ûлعϽԪڤټȥһȫסƺƵرӿÿߵ棬ڿٵػָš
ӿԪڤ٣ɻɫƺ뵽ʲô
ڣϳ˳ϣȵǱƣϣ
ÿߵĶ죬ֻɱԸɱѪħ𣿵һ첻¡زµɱ𣿡
Ը⣡
ɱ񣡡
ĪҲӣ

̶̼֮䣬ѾߵѪԣ˶㣬ɷӣֽԪڤٽԪעӡ
һߣڳɱڵس˳ȥ
Ժķøˡ
ѪūѪѾ˳˽ǰ棬ȻȺѪūѪūԴԴϣͬһʱ䣬ѪѾ£ѪдѲЩ桭


1467 ɱħѪ
ԸһӵѪħū𣿡
Ը磬Բů𣿡
ԸϦʱпܱԵ𣿡
ԸţĶӡŮԶѪħūظ𣿡
㲻Ը⣬վɣ
һߣ϶ûУк죿
Ҫٸ¹ˣҪٰǵһţѪħʲôʲôûУ˳óŮĸǲ似ֻѪĹ콫ǴܣǵѪΪʲôܺǵѪֻҪǺȵԽ࣬ҲӵѪħ츳ܣҲǵʵǵΪ

˷ţֻһ˺ͲʲôЧǧˡˣһȴ൱ؾˣ
˺ţ
ѪҲ֪ʲôʱʼӦ
ѪūһȺѪū֮У쳣ߴӣ˿ϣ㾪ϲغ۾ȫ˷Ŀ⣬ǲûг嵽ǰѪūȺиǣһţȥ
ƾʲôȺѪħ־˯ǵŮˣ
ƴˣ

ԽԽѪūźУЩûмѪūҲԻˣãȻˣ֪Ǹǰ壬ǸźôѪūĹƣȫ߽ˡ
Ѫȫû뵽״УѪЩĶΪ֪ĸ࣬ѪūţӲһˣǾǱѪħ嵱һǿнϡ
ĿģΪ츳ӺõţԱܹõȻٸѪħ⼸꣬ѪͱȽ˺üٸŮˣ
ǣѪԼû·Ϊһ󹦣ȫȫѪħˣͻˣԣЩų˽ȥȥɱ˳ϣǾˣ˭ҵǵ·ϣͽһɱˣɱ
һȺšУҲ⶯ˣǣ൱˵ǻûоѪūֱд̫⣬һЩѪūΪŵģǲԼѾǧţˣԣҪѪħǵĵλ
ԺķģһһѪȭѪūֱӱǣȥߴӹĶһѪū˳󣬽űţʱð֣ϼ棬ЩҪɱҪɱߵסûһӾͽճɻңյûгֹ֮ȴʹ֣ҰһĲҽ
ڳЩԥѪūţȴûйܣȥɱʱ䣬ЩѪūҲ˲ԾҪţֻиųϣȻǱѪħɱǱЩɱ
ǺԽԽˣ˳ϵĶ飬һˣʮˣˡ
ҲǵİΣϳѪһЦҪ£ͻأֿѪūȺУһϤףȴմʵۣʸǣ
ʸΧϣˣӻ˽ǣǣûȫָѪħɱʸǿʼҲǺȫֵǣ͵֮סûѡͶ׼š
˵ǰǰ˽һŲƣͶѪħ壬ɱ㡣˵ţһ𵶣ֱնҪʩѪ
Ѫӣȴ޿ӣֻܱն룡
ʸٴοϣ𾪣Ȼ󣬵һ㣬Գ϶ԣһС˶㲻ϣϵĻϵľ棬ʸЦˣǣʱˣȥɱһʹɣ
ѪνţܶࣻǣϵĻ𣬸ࣻЩѪħǣȫŻ֮ʹ˵ȥˡ
ԳϵҲǼ󣬱ϾҪЩˣҪĳһ̶ֳ˵ȫǳһѪħƴɱ
ϴ˳˳ȥһƬѹѹ棬Ѫȫûϵϳô죬һȥɱѪתԼǣѪȫ壬һȺūٶ࣬кãѵܴù߹𣿡
ɱ
ѪЩվȺ֮еѪħˣҪŮǵѪɾʱһ紵ֱӱò֪١
ϱһתʮѪħ˾֮УɱǣǵѪ
ѪһѪħʥһ˫ѪϣԾնȥﻹģŸʲôѪ˳ȥɱǣһ


1468 ־ٶܷ
ѪòԼ֮֮ƣסϣˣЩڷѪūţȫɱɾԭ֮֮״̬ټ֮ԴͷǾ´ˣǰʲôͻʲô
ϧѪ̣˶
˵ʵڻϡֵʱȷʵӿ𲻹ɲζζӵӵɨޱȼᶨ
Ѫ׺ɱһѪɫͷֱԴѪɫͷһƬѪƣͷûеһɹܣֱϮȫȵ
ȫѪҺתǹɹֱɢ켴֮ӿѪɫ䣬иͷȻ͵һӱѪܣ
ȻѪܻǵסǹֱ飬ѪæѪǰȴȻûãӴӱˣ罦ѪѪ軹ڴţϣʲô
ϿѪеѪܣԺ͵һ⣬ץסʲôѭȥһԽԽҲǰ˵
Ҳ
ѿڶҴߣоİҡ
нʹȴ˵ٲĻ͡һĵԼǰһȣ㲻ҪŮ

ϺţѪֹסΣһӣΪϵļıóˣЦţȵѪ֣ʮѪ󣡡
ʱʮ˸Ѫħ̤žŹλѪվǰУӼɢǹѪܣҲˣԶǧ֮ɱѪħʸǵһˣоԼڵѪļ
ӻԥţ۾ڳϵϣתתȥϲͣӿеĵӣԽԽѾѪȾ˵ӣӸȡᣬһ˫۾ֱųϣŲȴȥ
Ѫ״Ц
˵ڿ˵ҪŮҸʹŮҸһ٣ٶŮʹԨã䵱һ𣿡

뽫£ȴ˿Уӿ޺ţΪʲôҪŮҵģʹ˵ţȴӳȥͬʱѪٴնһѪ⡣
𣡡
ϾȭȥȭͷһŻ˲ȫķռ䣬ǻ𣬻֮ѪѪ⣬Ȼûջ٣ֵס˻ƣüܵסȹһλٵĻ֮׵ѪضҲй򣬲ң򻹲
ƾһ𣬻κε˱ʥԲ
ѪĴˣȴͻһ˿
ʱϺȵˮ
֮ʱ;ΣѪѪףֱӱ˸ɸɾѪЩѪħˣֱˮ͸⻯ˮͷˮһжˮ
ϼˮûӿȥɢȥҲǽ٣Ѫ𾪣ȴĿⶢϣֻѾŵվ˳һӪ
ڵϣҲЩ֣Ӹǲ֪ô¶ֱ˵ǲҪȥת
ǵġ
ѪħܱɱˣΪڣˣոЩˣһɢˣ
ԺеǸģѾޱȣɱѪħ
ڣ
£ɱѪħѾվ˳ϵǰʵһɱȥɸң
ֺβң
ã
ϳ֣ɱѪħԺ˷ģһλÿɲǻġô⣬ΪѶЩ󣬳ϻûȫգ
ɱѪħ֪ʲôϵǿȴޱȣԱ㲻ʣҲϿųϵľٶüŨŨ˼ɫѪȴֽ³ȥ
ɣ
һʣ֣ɱѪħǰһƣģǡܷġ
ɱѪħ𾪣ԱоƺϢϢأɳϵ֮ɫû뵽ԼѪֵܹѪħ˵츳ܣðաѪܴ˵Чп
ǣóϵѪܻһ⣬ѪѪħõѪħͨѪֹܣǺʵ
ϿųѪħˣҵѪУѪħ˵ѪأǵѪֵǵѪѪѪһ
ţѾ̽ץһѪħˣڳȡѪѪȾָɱѪħĺ󱳹šܷġ


1469 
Ѫ費֪ʲôɿųϵ־ٶѪûɵһּȾ֮Уٿϸûа˵ű˿ֻţȻϣϾжգȴ֪ú
Ŵˣ˲ˣ˾ǰ壬ȴ岻ǰȥǰŵĺƺ֮ƣѪ̤շɽȴꡣ
Щ꣬Ȼͨ꣬ǳʩչĿˮܵ꣬ѪһӴϣֱѪҺ꣬ҪѪҺ츳ܣȻɲó
ϹȥҲ·Ϊ棬졣
ѪħѪšܷġÿƶһ㣬ҪĳĪȵȣšܷġӽβϳܵѹͬʱǼо漣֡
֮ˣλһ壬Ѫħ󷨣
ѪʮѪħˣһͬʩչѪħ󷨣ǺͨĳŦӻһʱйŨŨƳ𣬹ѪǵǱӿȥ
ȻԷڵѪܻûֱӴǣѪ֮ѾɢȥӰ쵽ųڶߣʸȫͨ죬ѪҺһӿҪ˸ǲѾ˲ҽűˣƬĶ͵ӻסеЧЧҲã
Ѫ״ţսѪħһϣֱΣǽǼūԶǼūʱͣס˻֣һѪħѪķģҫѪɫ⡣
ȥɣ
ϵһɱѪħһͷ˳ȥǷڵóһ·ҲɱѪħϣĻɱѪħıȼƸʢ
ɱѪħΧתƣѪħһȣֱ
ѪħûɱȥΪƾǵѪħ󷨣ɱѪħɱѪħƬ
ȻɱѪħѾѪܸǷΧϰףɱѪħȴһ¶ûУոѹȥǹɻңӿ
ɱѪħȫһܣʼڵѪҲǰӿģҪٶȳǰȥԱҲҪһѪħ˵汳ʱһתǹɿҪ͵㣬ۿҪըͻؼˣȻûȫʧȴѾʵĿƷΧ֮ڡ
дϲɱѪħøˣ
Ѫһ԰ˬ츳ܣͻȻûˣﾪ糱ˮ͵͸ȴܵشţѪ
ʱܳоŰ׵ɱѪħСģû͸Ѫɫ桰ܡһˣɱѪħһǡɷɱӰȴû˿ͣͣ˳ȥ
ɱѪħǣѪɫܡȴûѣֻѪӿӾһ㡣
ʣףɱѪħɿ죬ʱѪ軹ûдлعɱѪħԪɵһն£һѪͷֱգɱѪħ㶣ԱһѪħеĵʩչľտ似һһŵԴնɣѪħǣүүɱѪħǺˣ
ĿɿڴؿһУ֪Ƶ壬Ҫе߶ĶƣѪħƣȻ޴棬ѪħӾҪ
ʱͻԼûѡﲻɸһͷҲŮҸڣǣˣߵŮ˿϶٣Ҫǵ
ߣҲˣʸԽڶˣҲһܣҪȥɱѪħ屨𣡡
ã
ӰһʧǰٳʱȴѪħȺ֮УʱѪѪɱѪħնȥɱѪħѪѾơ
ѪΪɱѪħ߶ˣңѪɵĹҲۿɱѪħ޿ӣһץסǱѪѪ飬˵Ѫһã
£ϴɱѪħвѪħ˻صȺУѪʶԼıҽ֣ٴʩչΪѪħ󷨣רԳϣͬʱ׼ɱУɱΪؼ
ϿѪ뷨˵ûõġ
ʥš
Ѫպ꣬Լ˷ɣɴ𾪣ԱɱУȴٸᣬ˲佫Ѫȡ˸ɸɾɱѪħǰѪѪٴλܷġ
һأܸѪɫŨˣЦֻҪǱѪʵ̫߳ˣ㶼õѪħ츳ܣȥɱɡ
ɱѪħл֮ͻɽ˳ȥ
ʸվס˳ǰ
ûжԣȻѪѪʸǻšܷġ


1470 ˣ
տʼһһ˵Ļÿһʱ䣬Ƚϳϰٸ֮󣬳Ѿɣֻһ
һϴɳƵˡ棡
⣬ϻԪ۳ֱۣ˼ӿ컭ܷġٶȣøڶʱӵСܷġӶѪħƴɱ
ϵ뷨ûʵ֣Ԫȵ۳ֱۣͻģڻһʱ۳ֱֱۣˣ
ɻԪڤĽȻѻ𣬳Ҫ̽ѰеİأȴòʱΪҪøӵСܡġ
ѪѪѾˣһѪͷѪһŻʮܷġ䣬ռͷѪġܷġֳĶܣҲ̡
ץѪħˣΪͣ͵ҲѪħʵΪǵѪĶܣѪģҪС
ܴСǿԭҲʮĹй֮⣬ѪħѪǿҲǺҪһء
ҲΪʲô֮ǰɱѪħĶܻƣѪܵӰ죬ڼûܶӰԭ
ӵˡܷġߣѪħ˲ҵƴɱһˡܷġѪħٲǰռ츳Ѫܵƣɱߣֻܿ似ƴɱ
ѪħĹʵ似ȵȣ̫ףϾ翿ԼһһôʵԣԵƴɱѪħ·磬Ѿŭɱ˲١
ǣҲ޵еĴڣһԪ⣬ÿʩչһ似ҪĲٵԪʱɱȥܻпݽ֮ʱ
ǸܷġҲȡǵܷġԽģȡԽ࣡
ҪӵСܷġĹܣֲø⣬ǳҲ
ǺˣȴƴɱЩų֮ǰ˵ĻϣѪħ˵ѪŽһˣһĻǳѪȣʮֵײС
Ѫħû츳ΪٿĻ棬ǵУػˣǰδеĿ־壬ٶȣĴӿȥ
һһѪħ˵ѪˡܷġӵĳϣɫҲ԰ҲΪƣ
ԼⲻԪݽµȫȫǾܲ˸ǿȻԭ򣬡û뵽ԾҪ֮ߣҾ֮ҾõüδֻѾȥˡ
ԽԽ߼ƴɱ֮УѪħ˱ɱˣʱߵߣ˵ΪֹѪ춼ûгܲԾ
Ѫ˭
Ѫħ峤Ҳ½Ѫħ죡
Ȼأ
Ѫ֮⣬ѪݡѪȵȴ󽫣ȫûг֣⣬ǿ϶ȥתҲ˵ڵתΣķǳΣգΣԵĿ꣬㣬ֻҪס˸Ͳ⡭
㵽˵ʲô
ˣ
ˣ
Ͼȣֶһ£ɷﻹ˵Ҳ˵ģתȥ
ϲղŭ첻˵֪ĿʲôתѪħʱ䲻ٵ½ǣûУνתǼٵģѪħ½ͨأ
üëһʵȷţ
ֻҵĲ²⣬ǣ²׼ȷȺܸߣһηѪħĵطڴڱ룬ɾǴӱһطģҲѪħͽϢˣ֪̽
˼
һȥתûʲô壬ὫԼΣʲôʧ˭Ҳ𣬲罫һѪħնɱ㹻ѪǶӵеֵѪħ츳ܵʵٽǳصѪħ˽ת񲻸
ЩĶ˵öʱ˵ңЩҶѪ⣬Ѫ֣ô򵥣½Ѫħ˵ǳҪʧ峤λҲסҪԸ㣬ͻʹȫսѪǲУ룬Ѫ϶ҲΧɽЩѪħ˷˽
ɽ
ǵģ⣬ɽڷǳΣգ
һӲˣ족ֵĵһ˲䣬Ͼ֪ʲô壬ǿ϶˾ͽڵأңʦҲһɽΣգǵֵǡ
ɱӿĿضЩѪħˣԳˡ


1471 
֮ǰ֣ΪҪǵõĥϳ֮սһӲĹͳ׵׵ĽˣɱѪħʸһȺ˻ûɱˬûɱʹ죡
Ժɱʱڣˣ
˵߲⣬ȴû˱ʾԣʸǶûзԵ˼еߣʼˣ֮ԳϵĻôʹֻΪǿʵ
󣬳ǽѪħ˵ѪãСܷġߣѪȥɽϿϣ˵ҾһΣ
֪⣬صΪ˵һᾡģ
ǶϾ϶Ѫħ˽⣬Ҫһ㣬ϵıȷʵһ㣬ӵؿųϣȴת
ǶˣϻûˣȻкܵǵǵİΣǣת׷ŹȻĻҲٵ鷳ԣҪʱһӡ
ѼѪͷӦöλ˰ɡ
һμֱӾ͵ȡģѪУǧ󷨵ġɱ󡱣󣬼ٸѪΧЩԼôѪͷĵط
һƾն𡭡
ͬʱѪתУѪ˵峤Ǹճļūôû
ѪЦ˵ѾѪɱ˰ɣ
Ļǵ׼Ͱ׷ˣ
ǣ峤Ҫҳȥ
úôɱҼ˵ˣôģţϿ϶ģѪ֮䣬Ϊһж֮С
ǣʱȥˣȻûһӦңѪħ˶оѪǰ˲٣ѪüͷҲһţѪ˵峤ϲ˰ɣ
Ѫ۾гһ죬ϵԺһ֮˵ӦòᣬԸ񣬲ôģرռϷ磡
ǡ
ѪѪһɣѪ˵ȥѪӻң˰ɣˣҽ°ˣǸ׹ҵ峤ơ
ţѪ͵뵽ϣɫ䣬Ѫ˵Ѫݣһ˳ȥѪǵ׷ʲô⣬ϣϸҴ
ǣ峤
Ѫ˳ѪһƬţûУҲûʬ壬ûѪֻбƻĸʽѪҪ̤ڿпʱȴ֣ȻԾÿգûеѪʣͿУһ޹ԵӣϣȫѪħͷʬ塣
Щʬ壬ǷźɫҲǻɫ԰֮ɫѪһζʣңʬ棬ŲǵȭƵȵɵ˺ۣӡ
׷ʲô
ѪʳһɱƣѹѪǰһȴΧֻһˣȫӰѪĻţųֹ
ȴ͵³һѪѪ۸ϽҪ³ȥѪٵ־ȵط֣ѪȻʧˣѪ۲֪һô¶
Ѫ۲֪󷨣ѪλãѾңѪΪģԲǧȫ֮С
ǱѪͷ
ϲ˾һϢͣر˶ĸ򣬽Ĵ󷨣Ѫе󷨣һƬ˴󷨣ҪҲǾ޴ռ䣬ڵĻṩ
ڣҪɽṩ󷨣ǣҲûסϣĴ˴͵ľϸľԪȡԪؼԪȵȸΪ֮ܣѪе󷨣֮˵Ϊ³Ѫʬ֮࣬ữɴ֮ܣ
Ѫͷʱ򣬾俴ˣһʱ˻ϻϣǡãһֱƴѪǸζǣҲϵһ
ζ飬㽫˵ζóϸϽٶȸϵɽһ㣬ζǻˡܷġ
սߣһ룬ѪǱˣٳǳأѪħУζǿΣգټϣҲֱ˵ҪһߣҪ߳һЩ¡
ˣٴսһ˵ıڣսΪûдɱЩˣȴ˳֮ϻսҪ֮ݾܾ
֮УһѪħˣȻѪ޻ڣ
󣬳ϴž䣬ߡ롰ҡֱϾһʩչļ֮£ٶȻ죬ռѭΡһʩչ
ʵ䣬˵ʲô


1472 𾪣ļ
ɽҵˡ
ûʣֻž˵Ϳ£˵ǸҵĴʦ֣ļҲǷ֮⼫֮ء
Ʋ㱻Ϸɿ˦˺棬һ˼·ŵ֪ʦΪѰһ춯ص

أ뵽ڳ˯СڣҪ˵ʲô龪춯أ⼫֮أѪųʮצɫСˡ
һЦʱҶɻɣʦҪҵˣǲ㣬ˣȾ춯ػҪ£ֻһ˵ǳȴ
٩֮󣬾˵⣬ʦֻѰһߣܹȹѣΪң֮ڣȥǣûȵһβʱȴʾѾˡ
ﻹſϧζȴûע⵽۾Ŀ⣬ޱȣ˵ʱϵӣܵؾҪӲóϻɱֹܸסˡ
Ϊµһ㹻ܶܶˣĿǰϻ֪ܣ˵ﻹû׼á
ʮһ꣬ô£Ѿ֪һҪ߱׸ޱȣټϸոմ߻Ϊǹص£ԳԲ˵õƵѪˣ
ʱֻҪһ½ûˣҪ˵Ļǳʮ꾭֮ʹĵһҲ
ԣȻ˵𣬳ӿǧ˼ȻڣҲֱйصĶеһУΪף뵽֮˵Ҳɽһ̣򣬾עˣȥˣң̳һ죬ҲҪȥ
Ȼûͣ£ɽֵܹѪħĹΪһƬ϶дʦֵĹ棬˵ĻʦڵĴҲΣգϾѪħ츳ܣҲĪӰ졭
Ľʩչҵϰɡ
˵侪ȣ켴ʩչ˽򣬳ַʽţͬʱԺ︡ǳͼѰǳйصǳԴתǾþòƽϢ飡
תУѪѪݴһȥأ֮дѪ˳ȥһӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
ѪɳˣǲӰ
ʱѪףĿƣֲ߳ȥøһıҽ֣ǲǸﴫϢѪּᶨڻûеɽˮĵزѪħ½ȣ峤֮λֻҪץסϵĵֵܣԳ϶ԵТģֵܵ壬һжصľ档
꣬ѪһѪϧһдۣѳϵץסһ룡
ɽѪʥӵ¶ЦݣѾɽΧɽѾȫ⣬켴Ѫʥ´ܹ
ʮѪħ徫ȳһɽȥ
˾ͽѾǳ۵Ϊʱ;ѣ𡢻ϵ֮ǬתǸ߽ټ˾ͽΪ˸ŴĽŲұۣҲʱԼ֮ʵνһǧݣңǬתĵھתתѾɣתת
˿̣˾ͽɱǰ棬ѪħƴɱȻҲܵ츳ܵӰ죬ǣתѪ֮˾ͽҪһǿôߣߵ֥ɺ棬ֻʣֻ
ɽѪħ˺֮أ֥ɺӹΰֻǣƴɱϽ֥ɺ棬ʮֻʮֻ֥ɺ棬ɢػҪĵط
磬زסˡ
İ˵ڵİҲųʵΪ˾ͽһǡȭһѪħʣȵˣصߣȺѪħֳƵߣ
꣬˾ͽȴԾУѪħͻȻʤĹ˾ͽɻ󣬡ʲô¹ʣѪħ˷񡣡
ɽѪħ֪澿£˾ͽȥĵطغƴɱʤսţսţѪħʥһļɡ
ļʲôʵжǿ˾ͽ֪ǣҪ˵֥ɺӹΰĻļǶɽ񽣣Ҫļɽ类ˡ
ǿޱȵļҲվ֮С


1473 ΣڵϦ
ļСڽһ֮֮꣬ܵأȥǺͷʶһ˼ˣһ˵Դ˵е˹˺ܴȤһҪţܽ˴ȥ˵֮֮սܴá
Ϊ뷨ټļоǸǸгϵĻʲôϵңѪħĲҲţѪħӿȥɻ½һѣԣļ֣Ҳֻܱסһɽ
ʱ˿̣ҪסɽҲЩˡ
ļͬһûһ֮ǣĻۣҪȾöֻ࣬ѪħʥΧļľ᧿Σ
Ѫħʥû츳ܣļݵţһͽն飬ǣûѪħʥĳ󹥻󷨣ǵ츳ܣӵ˼£ļòý߳ɵʵȥѹ춯ڵѪѪͻᱬ
ѪħʥõѪȡĹõһЩʵⳡƴɱҲû˿
㣬޾಻ϵĹļ֪ԼֶܼãǣûзȻа취ȥӣˣܲսӣ
ƴɱǲң
ʵսȻļȻܹ˺ռѷ죬ļģǳش󣻶ļеƵǣÿò˺һռѷ죬ÿռ֮й¶ʱһѪħʥͻͳһȭͷѪɫӣ⴮ѪɢѪ⣬Ѫħ֡
ļȵ飬ٴηˣѪ⾹Ȼֵܹռ֮Ѫ£ܵĿռ̫֮ǿǶļӰϴ
ϬйȴԸζ֮ļ˺ѿռѷ죬׼ľѪħ˵ƣ
ѪħҲǳϣΪǵĿģҪļסҪļֲȥ֧ԮͬȥնɱǵˣֻҪļ֣ɽеЩˣͲ˵Ķ֡
˾ͽǿǵ̣۵Ϊȷʵ岻սǣ˾ͽһȻԥȥˡ
Ϊ˾ͽȥƴɱȥ
˾ͽԱˣһѪħͬھļѹͻпܽ˻ὫʣѪħ˸նɱֻҪļţɽͲᵹĸǣͲ£
ļɽͰˡ˾ͽţ
Ҫʲô
ļ֮У˾ͽһЦֵɽزסһҪòĸİΣá
˾ͽҪɵ¶
ļ·𽻴һĻﻹ˾ͽҪʲôԶѪĳ壬˾ͽļĶԻþǲùңߵģȫߣһһ
ߣվƣ±Ѫ£ϻ˺ۣȴһ㣬޾ɫѩȻҲ˵߳ϣúõĻȥԶǵĽ
ѩȻ˵ţһѪħȴ̤£æӵ󣬲Ѫӿпն˳ȥɻûеĵһӰͻس֣ѪħһŸ˻ȥȻӰ˵ȥǶϷߣһ͹ˡ
Ӱǳ棡
桭
ߣ
棬һˣСİΤ롢𩡢塢׹ǡİȵȣȫվǰ棬ѩȻ󣬶˵ʦǿߣҲǴȥ
ߣ£ǻô꣬ѾˣҪţҵϡСİȴûгСİҧѪҪԾնѪħˡ
˾ͽЩǸжʶһĻĻŴΪǴ֮ڱزۣ⽨ɽҪز𣿡
ҲţֻҪ绹ڣֻҪǻһ˴棬ɽͲ˾ͽԺбļļǣ
˵ţ˾ͽһǰȥ
Ѫʥ״Цûõģɽ类ʥסˣ⣬ǧӶӲȥԣǵ·ֻһǾֻѣǽȫҪΪǵʳǵѪ϶ǳζر㡭
Ѫʥһָļ


1474 ˭Һֵ֮Ѫ
ѪʥͶļǴˣļΪ˺ѳռѷ죬ҪǸѪ飬ӵ츳ܣҲǻļĶ֣
ңļÿһʽ֮ж͸ʢľԪѪʥӴЩľԪȫһ̺˵ܡ
֮⣬ļʩչ似Щǵľʽô࣬ǳ֮򵥣˵Ǳ׾ƫƫþˡ
ļֳһУѪʥĶѣҿ϶ļϰٷ֮ʮѪܹͻѪħʥ磬뵽Ѫħ
ʱѪħĵλͽ峤ʹϣõӶԴȨټѪħ󷨴ʦԺʹϷͥ
뷨ģɲֻѪʥһˣѪħʥضļ޲ļѪɸɾ
ļһЦҵѪСµģ
ޣҷſԣΪʥ֪ʲôĿģʱ䣬ľǵԸǣ𣿡
ļɫ˪
ѪʥΪԼ͸ļ˼ЦѣóѪʯѪħʥҲǱ߿Ц߲
ЦУ˾ͽѽԼٶȼյ˼£˾ͽĿ꣬Ѫʥļһж֮۵ףɢϢļҲƴˣ˾ͽǰѪʥȴһ˫Ѫ͵ض˾ͽ񶼲ǱʥĶ֣һССūΪˣڱʥǰ뷭첻ɣҲǾˣʥʹ͸һҫѪ
˭Һֵ֮Ѫ
޾Զһ֮ʱѪ۵УѾֳӰѾڹͨԪ˵˾ͽסˣȴѿں磡
·ˣ塢СİˣҲǾϲޱȣѩȻ϶
ʦ𣡡
ϴ󣡡
峤

һһľڿУ˼أޱȵɽˣþٱˬڹעһ
ˣնѪħ֣밲
϶СģѪħ츳ܡ
ǣ˲ź
˵ţǧˮҡװβصڵߴ˻󣬳濴ˮʧˮ֮򣬻֮򡭡
ţ۾ȴɻȻû򣬿ǣȻزˮ򲻼򵥣Уϣ
У俴ļҲΪʦ֣
䣬ôˣ
ļҲǼѣ켴Ŀ˳ϣϵĵһоޱȣȾóһ˹⻪ؽһصΡɽһưĴ󽭡
ӵĸоۺһȻû˸о
ϵĿļɨ΢΢ЩϾҪҵģпСڣ϶˾ͽͷһЦ˾ͽһЦһͷ
ǧֵ壬һЦһͷ䣡
ѪʥٴοЦڵѪ˷֣¿ɺãǸպһһ
ǡ
Ѫʥһ˫Ѫ۽ϣѪ񻶣
һߣ̧ǰȥһһ˵Ҹĸߣ
ֵߣ
ߣ
ߣ
ɽ֮ߣ

һһ̤岽ѪʥΪȻ츳ṩʲôɾ壬Ѫ֪϶ϲˣڣ֪ſѡ
ūԹԵظʥ
Ѫʥ˵ţ̤һֱ̤ѪʥǰѪʥֱӲתѪܣ󷨣似ļҪѣȴֹʦ֣ǶǳϵĶ֣
ļ𾪣תͷ䣬ȴһֱųϣֻĲȭʱѪܣ󷨣似
Ѫʥޱȣȴ˲ȡ˽֮һѪ켴ݶߣʱѪħʥûлع˾ͽǰѪġ
ȻŸʱ䣬ԻָһЩѪʥѪܷġһͷʹѵĸоšʹɳĳϣסˣܷġϻ
Ѫʥڴлعٿϣһֲظоղ츳ܣȻûЧ͵أʲôʱѪʥȵѪʥѪʥһ֣ƴ۵ɱ
ѪħʥϹ̤ǰ棬Цȥȿͷ˵


1475 ޼ƿʩ
䣡
ļ֪ѪħǿҲѪħʥΧûƢοǾ䣬ļǵľ䣬պѾվ˾ߣҪһУ
ЦţָָԼϵһѪɫģ˵û¶
˭ģ
ļȣʳͬʱѾĿ˳ϣ˳ϣٲˣͷЦ˵ʦ֣㲻뿴һλ
죡
ļָѪʥѪʥ˵ҪͷĻҪƿڴʱһ̺ŹĽƿնѪʥſ죬û˵֡
Ϊ죬ѾûˣһѪｦѪûĴҽǱһ˳ϻܷġ
Ѫʥֵ֣ʦ֣أ
Ҳôһ

Ӧ£֪ϲܾļվǰ棬Ѫħ˶ԳӰ죬Ҳ˳۾ʹ֮ɫ
ˣȫ񣬾۾ؿųϣûзһ´ŵ˳ϣѩȻϣѳɹ֡
Ѫʥ˵ףþչȥͣضѪѪʥʹɫѪħʥƺЩ̫⣬ûпѪʥ˼ֱѪʥָָѪħˣն似ʱѪħʥŻع
£Ѫȵ̤յѪħˣȫϧκδۣɱǸˣ˵꣬ѪѪѪļɱȥġܷġȻȫѪħʥ츳ܣǣѾ㹻þ佫Ѫħʥɱֻǣûնɱ
±ߣԾնɱѩȻ󾪣ҪкȴסѩȻǵĶӣеģ
Ͼѷһ㶼ȱƾնһӣЩѪħ˵ںӵһߣѪħʥǳɣļʦ֣֪Ǻˮʲôˮ𣿡
ļȻǸоˮ̺򵥣Ϊһļ֮Уôһʣһ˼Ժһ˵ѵˮ٣
ҡҡͷ˵룬ˮñȶȹŴˮٵˮҪ
˻棿
ˮ籩꣬£
ļĿֱˣ켴ȫתɾϲæ˵䣬ˣһҪȥ
俪ĵЦˣʦ֣ǰΪʲô𣿡
԰
֮֮ˣǳ֮ˣһҪȻش


̫ˣ
ļЦ⣬һ˫ȭͷýžɵʱ򣬳ѾǸܷġ˾ͽڳһУˮӾʧˣȺѪħӿ϶˾ͽ˵ѪħɱǶˣǧﻹ֮ǣ
ǣ硣
˾ͽղŵĶҲ֪ϡܷġȺѪħгȥѪܸ˾ͽȻûһѪӿҪĸо
䣬Ҳɡ
˵˾ͽٹ˼Ѫħ츳ܣǣѪħϾ˶ڣʵҲ滹ѪħԱþǰ
õģϣҴʦҲҪһ
ϵͷɱ˹ȥţѪħʥΧɱӰʧٳʱѪѪɳһȵߣֻʣѪѪͳǴѪħ飬ѪʱѪϣźɵɱŲ
ʱѪѣȡ֮һѪΪļܷġѪѪѾǲ԰ޱˣӻΪųϾħһٶԳϽйȴ͵תϵĵڷɱȥ
ŭ棬
ǧˮ㡱תѪʥ˲о粽ѽͬʱڵѪбƣѪ󡰰زҽţ󷨱ըϵӳ˸ɽΪĵİ˷Щͳ岻ȥ
Ѫʥ߳ŭȴ޿κΣѪħʥһѪѪѪѪ⣬Ѫȴ޼ƿʩѪ˵ȳ˰ɣ˻ѪǣҲ׷ɱ
ʱֻȳˣɾѪͬʱѪȻѪϧɽʱĽ³ϵĸĸ뵽⣬Ѫ͵һĪѪҲѣĻȥ𣿡
ѪϽҡ֣ʾⲻС

ѪĿһԥ˲ᶨкݵֻʣһطˣѪѪѪת򱱶ȥɸտһϾվǰ˵˭ӵģ


1476 ǲ
ū
Ѫϵǰ棬㺰ɵڶֵĺڣѪĺӿԴ˼ң
Ѫ𣬻ûüɢͱϸƿЩѪɶŴãѪѪһĻʱڴڵûˣ˵ֹϡ
ѪһֱֱѪеѪȫøɸɾͷ֮Ѫǵ֮ڵһѪ飬ҲûзѪһ߸ʬ
ӣ
ѪֱҡͷӻȥϺճѪħĴþ棬֮һ֪ǸطڣûѪħ½ѪħǧˣѴǾ̡
ѪѪ󣬸Ѫҡͷȥ
һʱô¶âһѪ־ͱˢˢնѪ䣬óһƿӣѪ
ѪѪѪô죬ôͣʣɾѪĿ־壬ԽԽأ
ϽѪʳָϵĴָȡ£Žȷ˵
ѪȻҡͷ
ϿѪʵأ
ѪҪȳɱôһɣʱʲôûˣֻǲͣҡͷֵңΪѪħһˣ
ѪħһˣѪ۾һ⣬϶ĹâϤѪȴǸӾ۾¶ѪնȥͬʱҪԼǸط¶
ףѪụ́ϧȴʩչ˵طעѪͻشѪʱȴûᡣ
ѪҪʱϼڶѪǰͬһ˲䣬Ѫ֣͵ؼ٣ֱӽѪڵѪ֮һա
飡
ѪǱˣֻܣһʯѣ϶ԻûлعѪ˵Ҿ㡣
Ѫųϡ
ѡѪǳΪѪħһˣʵѪüͷȴûôõģʩչֱѪƣѪƿӡ
ѪѪĲѾѪ޾Ŀ־壬Ѫ֮ǰһŭʱٸоѪŶţѪˣ޻ҡ
϶Ǳɱûļ䣬˾ͽ˵ǵѪռ
á
ļȥѹѪ춯ʵرѪħ絾һ㣬ļո˵֮Ѫûѡ񣬳Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ѪǽԼһʱ䣬ûѪֻҪѪħ⼫֮أϾҵǵͨ
ԣеֱ֣ѪĲӣѪϵĮȻʱ׳ҪɱԺ˲һƬհףͶ
ٳһͲǵĺ󳾡еûʧնѪؿϣѪһҽУΪԼ֮Լúúõģֻǿ϶һѪһͷ֮Ѫ
תѪҺӡָһȺѪħˣãȻ֪Ѫ˵Щĵˣ

ǲ
˵һ䣬Ѫ˸Ȼһҧһݣɱ˽ȥˣһ£Ҳɱ顣
ΪֹսѾûΧɽļʮѪħˣµģֻһƿһƿѪȻ󱻳ܷġá
֮ǰͣƴɱϸûʱ侲˼иеΣӿǽڣ϶ѪܣִʩչѪħ󷨵Ѫħ˷ɣǰƲ⣬ǱȽҪǿصĴڣǣܿѪħ˵츳ܣǣʲôϵ
Щֶܷܹʱ䣿
ڣѪΪûжأȻҵѪħ츳ܵķңڳǰƣҪ࣬Ѫħ߻ɣǣϲûзо̳Ѫħ츳ܵķԤУԺ󣬽дá
һʣʱûд𰸣˼Ʈս֮նɱЩˣѪ죬ڼ֮صѪħȫ֮ٷѪħ壬ѪħѪħ
ȻѪħ½֮ǰҪ뱣֤ɽİΣϿûǸҪ׷ɱˮǿڣһƽɫ磬֡
ЩڣɲѪħô׽ʲôĴڣжôǿˡֵܣߣؽƴɱ֮


1477 ݳޣ
ɱѾŵľŨŨѪζѪħһѪбɱÿ־嵽㣬ͶѪɱ˵һǧѪħ⣬ģȫһ߾ûѪĿʬ
ռһѪϵĿͶ˵ߴһϤӰĵ˫Щʪ󣬳һ֣ǧˮʧ鼤ǰȥʼһȴǲӰ֣ٿ÷ʱѾվ˳ѩȻǰ
ˣ
˫ϥڵأףТˡ
ˣϺѶǱִ˵ˣԶʧƬ½ּ⼫пģҪȻԳϵԸôϢأټѪħ֣ԽԽˣ˳ϢĻѩȻδһֱţĺӻţΪȴ϶ؼʱ򣬸˻ѩȻϲ϶
ס
ѩȻӷ𣬾Ӥһڻκʧ¶һδǰʧĸŨŨڡ
һΣ˲١
Ҹʵˡ
ЦŰοǳķΧѩȻǺһ꺮ů֮ʵ϶λҪȥ𣿡
⣬ϵЦݵʱסˣоǿԸԺĸڣԶΡĴʾ䣬ͻضԼԶˣʮһʱһΣŴҴ˵Σң֮ҪԶУѪħ½ܲȥȻǵܻʱܵвһζҩҪȥңҲҪȥнȵȣ֡ͷȵȵĴڣòԶΡ
ϵȭͷ߬һţǿʵ׶Ϊһݳޣ
Ժ˼ɣûش֪ӱԵĿԣ¿ǰһ˵ж־ķӥհģʲô֧㡣
ֶ˵ѩȻӸջӦø˲ǡ
ѩȻǱŮˣ֪˳Ƿ˼ҲԼղǷ˵òϳʵ̫ӵԭѩȻһЦ϶ߣȥȥԵĲˡ
ףһջصߣ
ɵϣô£׸˻أѩȻת˻⣬Ҳ׽һ·ϵţȻֻϲǣѩȻĲѣм䣬˭ҲûȥţƻһĻܰĻ档
ļĳҲƵƵͷѣʵƷЩ֮ѡ֮
ѩȻȥæ˵ʱ򣬳桢˾ͽȵһˣ׼˼ĻҪԳ˵Ҫʳϣɾ͵˽Χסʱ򣬸ղŻɱķǿޱȡȵĳϣȴȻε˵ϡ
˴ţϿǴҵĹǣҪǳĹǵˣ˵滰ǻ治֪ΰǺá
磡
ʦ𣡡
ϣ
Сӣ

һʱ䣬кϽֹסѩȻļѾǰһ̽һ˵ûʲô󰭣ֻ̫ˣϢϢͻˡ
ϳݾɢϻԵԭȻѷʵǾĹȣӻص֮δͣϢ̫
ȻļеľȴǲӿţһߣоǹʢϰľԪŨߣʱ֮ǰͻԣȴӲŵڣļ̾µʱգϱض񷡣
ͬʱתеѪ죬ѾǵȲˣȴûκηӦҲûжϢдΪѵѪҲʧˣûеȥ
ȻѪ콫ϵѪоʮ֣ǳϸϵɽѪԽԽֿܣиΪѣѵҪѪħ½ȣȣұضᱻȥ峤ʸ񣻿ǣȣѪħò׿ٳĵ̣ûˡ
˼룬Ȩ⣬˼֮Ѫ¶˾ģһ֮ǰȫȻͬѪѪħ½ȡ
Ҳһʱ䣬޾մͻһȣ˽ˣ½ˡ
ʲôģ
˵ͦ󡣡
ʲôϵ½ɲһĴ½Ĵۣ϶ջˡ

Ⱥ֮Уһϲɫû뵽ط׷ɱжջ½ˡ
ʱһ⣬ƿն
ϻڻУζһˣɽԽԽںкһŮнζ뵽Ҫųϵĵ˫շɺϼ


1478 ֵļ
ˣӣˡ
һۣ㿴һ滨꣬ƣȴ쳣ϲףǡӡ֣Ǳˣζ

ղȸԾѵζͻŮʮֵŮܿҪŮЩԼǲǿˣգգ֮󣬻ǰᣬЩߣֹ̫߳˲ɣ
ʱζһСϱǡ񡱣ǡǡѩȻڲԶȻֵܱôҰûйȥƽϣ켴뵽һҪ£Ӵóһŵҩ˵ζǾյ
յζ͵Ͼɽ﷢ģĹ£ӣ㻹ǵã
ҶĳŵȻҪס⾻յҵĸЧãഺפ˵ţ۽⿴Ա߽ĵӣϲˡ
˵ʵڻĲ֪ȥӵĹϵ۵һˣֻ޼ĺӵħޣʵһԼˣ
࣬ʮ졣
ʮ죿
һоԼľǰۻ룬ǣͻһּĸо⼢бȻԸóɻ󣬻ԱϾмѭΪԭ
⼢أ
ѾǺܾúܾûйּĸоԪҺһ£ϢԴԴϣмĸоŶԣ
Ҷˡ
˵ѩȻæ϶ȵȣϸ
ĸҺһȥ
ζ˫ץס½ǣѩȻۿһĻܲعЦǵζһ۶Ҳ֪Եʮ﾿ʲô£׶ζ⡣
ΪѩȻΪҲߣһ㳡£ΪںۣҲ۸һ֣ǣû˭ҺǣֻΪһöӡ
Щ죬ʲô£
Ѫħ˿ʼɱ¾ߣĴԴߵıٵϳ˵ŮȻ飬ȻǿһжɵģҪţŪʲô鵤һŮӦҲǸζһźߵҸɡ
ҪģֲʹеľΪԼֻΪŮ
ϵûô࣬ЩмϵǷȰ˵ûмʱϻɽʲô˵ĻѴǾ̣˵Ѫħǭ¿ˡ
ʱѩȻ˶϶ζ˵һϲҰӡ
ӣ㡭
أζҪʱ˵ԣҭˡһЦԶسƣζɬûȥʱѩȻΪ׼ĲٷˣѾһɨˡ
˼״һȶûУЦһ
ȥá
ѩȻǸ˵Цݣ˾ͽĶܷļ˶೤ʱ䣿
ӡ
Ȼõġˣۺ֮󣬳һۣѪħʥѪĿǰֵ֧ʱãߵ죬ѪħѪħ֮ģϲ٣еһ춼ֲˡ
𣡡

̤ǰһӦϽܷġַϵȵȣȫ˵㾡оܷܽƳʱͿЯͲõʱ⡣
ǣ
ȥȥˣԺȴ˰˸ϵķģǷĿ϶һʹƷֳõģͻ˹ɺúһµĳ嶯
˵ڶζɨҶ㽫ֿѩȻ¶ȻܶӣѩȻȥ׼ˣ˶µؿһĻļУȴһ˿ɻ
ص
ʦ𣬵ڡ
صĴԲʥΪҩʥ֮ƣҲ֪ڣ滹оһһǿߣȻǳϵĵӡ
ϵݳƿѪħѪ˵ЩѪȥоһʲôã⣬ٿһ£ûʲôܹȾѪ
ǣʦ𡣡
صҲѪȥͶѪħѪĪȤ
ŵҩЩźٵһζҩҪȻƸ̷ˣѾ¶ģߵΪɴӵȥѰǡѪܹ
޿գȥѪ
ǣ
޿ոȥսվ˵ϴ󣬻أ
Ҫ˵ķ˶Цæ˵
ս
ļɻŨ


1479 Īǹͷ֣
˵ʥǵ߶ԳԵѾͣҲܸоֱӴоԪҪ
νĳԷȾ֮࣬ǳһָоһգϰ֮֮࣬ˣٱսģųžˡͻˡ
⣬Ǿĵر뻹ҪǸ߼һ֣ĳ˵ǺͳԷһ࣬ѾǴزͬˡ
ϳԵĿɶͨķˣ
ʼļΪΪ׻ģкܾûԵķˣҪԵģҪĻһξ͹ˣòٳԵڶΣΡ
ֱڵĵھŴΣ
еˣо˲ԾζھŴζϷ˷ڳǰʵ̲ס˵ӣôʲô
Ҳ֪Ҿ͸о
㻹֡
ļ˵ҪԪʯ֮һԣ߳Եҩ
ûõġ
ҡҡͷԪʯԵҩջͲȱҲޱȣƫƫֶĸоޱȡ
忴̻ʵģ޳ʱϴͷĻ棬̾ǰˡ
ڵʳѾѩȻһ׼ģɽУ˶Ϊ׼ʳУҲȥˡ
棬ȵľս񣬺һж
Ͽս񣬲뵽ǹͷԺĪ뵽Īǹͷ֣ûսһսǷ֪һЩʲôս֪˵Ҳûá
ԣ˵ս֪˺ܾãڸһ̵ʱڣѪ⣬ڼ֮صѪħˣȫǵýѪȫ
ϴꡣ
ս˵žҪȥֵȵȡ
ϴ󣬻Ҫɱ˭
һָ˾ͽͶǶϣоԳҲһȥɡ¶ϲùâճµЩҲʮ϶ٽɽĹ̸ٺ棬ϵķȫʺ϶ԣöսԳûʲôջ񣬱Ͼؾ֮ǻΪʵȻó𾪲ѡ
˾ͽǬתҪҲ͡
սЩƣΪǣ϶ɱò̫ˬѪħʥѪǻˡܷġ켴˾ͽǣս˵㹻Ĵ⣬Ҳ˳ҡѪܹζҩ
õģϴ󡣡
ս˵꣬ץŶǾˣ˵ѪܹʱѪպ˽ֱӹ˵ϣȳʻ˵ˣ֪Ѫܹ

ޱȾϲæʵ
Ѫħ½
϶ֱĿ⣬ѪΪϻ˵׼ȷԣϽ˵ˣ˵Ķģûƭ㡣һЦáѪȻ֪Ѫ˵滹Ǽ٣ЦѪħ½Ƿȥˡ
󣬳ʵתǴģ
Ǹʲô֣Ҳ֪һӣ̡Ѫţ˶ûطеûһʵ֪ȥ
С֪
á
޿սѪȥַԸһЩרĵسһԣ죬뾡˷ˣϽɽܳԵĶȫ˸ɾּв˲٣ǣûȫʧ
Դˣ˶ǳζҲǸӵ
ɽе˶æµϽЩ޵似󷨵ȵȣȫ˳ļ䡢¡ɵ˸ǽ⣬ϻرλʦһЩӦıϻЦŸ߽ܹ족롰ѵء
˵ЩȴǻлЦСӣΪں񵽵ȥ
ס
һЦζܿͷͷ֮ۡΧһҪҵ֮ȡ̣Ϊһ壬Ͼţ棬֪ʶȷʵȽѷæӣһҪؽճ̡
λʦеҲ͹ص쵽һ𣬲ʦĹصֽΪʦ棬ȴôҲܡ
֮⣬ϿʼɽΪģ󷨣һãһ߲ԺлšǬתĵھתתûȷʵ㣬Ҫǣھת֮תڵĳϷǳҪкܶǿĹҪľṩ
ϲ֮ʱζŮߵһŮһ̨ϷϷ˵򵥣ȴֲ򵥡
ʱյѪȵѪħ峤Ѿһ֧飬ѪħΪĴϴӣɱ֮أҪ֮ض
ؾҲһЩ֮ͣ


1480 ˣǡ
һΰ¡
սɨ˼֮ѪħڵгǳأֻѪħѣģսҳ⽴ռѪȫγһѪ
ҲɽػأЩѧģһԶõɽ󷨣ʲôɱѪ󡢻󡢾ŹȵȣҪ˵жٸССԳʮ֮ɽÿһ껨ݣÿһľеĳһ
ңõģҲ򵥣ͼڴ½ϴռĸϣ˳ؽĲ⣬ȫ˽ȥþ۽ļۼǹľԪ򣬷ɵԪµսȵȣȻٲϵԼˮ֮ܣ֮ܣõģڽ֮С
ٵطϸ˷ġġĵȵȣ˷ʤ
УѪħѪҲóȻûܴѪҺ츳ܣǣȴܽѪܴ߷õ֮ϣļǿߣѪħʥΧԲԱ˵ӰҲ
⣬󸲸ǷΧϣֱ£ص׾
֮Ű˸ԴΪϻģؾһĻǸ«ҲΪ֮һ
һȫĵԣϳ˸ע˰µ֮⣬˾žʮ;Ԫ󣬸ڷԲʮ֮⣬µڶԪɽԪңӦ
һ֣շԲʮϻǵ¡
֮˽ǳ֮ʱЩ׷ɱˮﵽˣЩ󷨣ֵܹһЩʱ
֮ǰָɽ˶һΡܷġͬʱ߲ݵоƳһЩܷЩְֻܷܹʱҶѪħʥЧ̫
صһֽС鵤ĵҩƳɹʱѪħӴľ֮У滹Ĺͣ
׼ʱͻȻ˵֣󺺣ɻţ˽һʱʱ߷ѪħʱӦҪкʱͻؿâһϸ͵ϲǣ
˭
ǰѩϣ
Ҳƭ㡣
ҡһ䣬ŮӣѩСѾͷʮһȥҲĴζһԾŻȻ򣬡аٱ䣡
ϸ硣
ţ
ŮϣϴΪˣζ۾Ž䱸֮⣬ţһֻڵС۷䣬֪˶ٶ仨ܿȻӣ۾İĽϹҲܿһȻлһԽûѹǴ󰡣ѵҪ
ţζ¶ۼʹˡ⹦γϵƤ̫ζѾζܲˬ¶ģһҪúȡá⹦
ѩĳ𣿡

⣬أ
ˣҲѰҡɫȻϵ˴ŵţǵɽְοİɣǶûµġ

ǺһɣȻѩȥѩȻˣŮһߣζųϣӣ̹״ӿܴϣʵ
ζǶã
㾿жٸã

ζϵģꡱһЦ˵벻شԣӦһ
˵һʮأҲӦ
겻컬ˣһΣҪһȥ
У
ϵܾһγȥ׼ֻϾս񣬵ȻѪļɽϻpޡҲһpޡ׼˺Թʳ
УС
Ҿֻһ
ζ
ӣ֪ΪҺãǣҾһҪһȥּ겻Ӱô죿ģһŬΪ׸ġ
ζ˵ţ۾ʪˣϧؽζӵڻϺӦĲܴӦЩഢָʧѪħŪʲô֪Ҫǣȥͼڴ½֪նҲ֪½иҪѪħ½ҲиѪħˣɾ൱ˡ
ζһܿģ
Ҳš
ģ
ǲš
ҡ
Ҫ㣬ǡζ̧ͷͻޱȵ֣ʵʲô
ϵҷ
˵꣬ζһ㣬Զ˷ҷ


1481 £
ϡ
룬ˡ
ҹĻʱ߽ζķһһϮɴ£ζģչʾ͸ӵ¹⣬ζϣζʥ֮С
һĻϺԥ˽ȥ
ζתƣһһϵЦݣЦݿɬȴƫƫһĻ󣬳ϻڳţζߵϽǰ㴽˵ӣ𣿡

ϻһ֣Ժȴͻٲ£ζҲ¶ƬƬ⣬ֱѪ𡱣ӿ˿һ춯֮ʱζһŽߵ̶ˮ
뵽⣬鲻Խ¶䱸˫ֱأʵһҧʮ²Ҫǳϸû뵽ζҪʲô
Ҫ˵һ֮ζ˾ٶʲôȤΧȵеһУȫƻˡ
ЩŲԼ⣬ЩΪζһӻˣ˵ӣʲô˼ҳ㣿

ζˬˣҲ˲ʲôŮŮֱ֣ס˳ϵĶ䣬˵ʲô˼
ҡ
ߡ
ǳž񹦣ܹն񣬴˿Ҳֻζ°ܽζ;ųϵĶ䣬ֱӽϾңŮζĴϣЩˣѿʵζҪʲô
ʲô
ζͻػͷųһЦҧųϵĶ䣬ġҧϸоһĸоζҧ˵Ҫ㣡
ԣ
ϱζΪѾŪԺˣ˼άһƽʱ˵Ͼˣɴʱ뵽ȴս֡ԡ
ߣ
ζһߣأֱӽϸƵڴϣһ㵵ӣŮ˵Ϸ˵ӣһЦһݣһҧ˳ϡ
Ƭ㴽ס˳ϵĴ
ֻǣζûǵľ飬Ҫ˵ǣ˵ҧϸԻ󣬡ĪҪԣζԡһϲ˵Ů˵дӵҧһ𣬾ǴȪɿ֮УҸȵ˵ĸоֲ˼Զֿ𣿶Ǽٵġ
Ͻҧú˳֮ǰ˼ά˵ζҵ⣬ӲóԵġ
ӣһӣʮĴӣ
ζܻˣղϾƭٿ⸱飬ŭȼץסǰ·ֱ˺˸飬Ȼ˺ֲͣסˣҰޱȣŮ˵ıɬҲ˼˺ȥҧŴ̧ͷԳ˵ɳϵǰӾˡ
һӣζɬܵӰˣ˺ˣһ˺ˡŵͬʱζһѽϿӸ˸ɾ
ȻζͿһֱֱͦţһ죡
ζˡ
ҲˣѾЩعζˣ͵ۿζֻζһ㽩סٿζķ羰ܿˮ֮
ʱζ˵ôϻĴ˺öࡣ
Ͼ޺
޺Уζ̧ͷŮһ㣬飬̬˵ӣһúóԵġ
֪˭˭أ
عζĳϣ˵ξֳԣֻ˳ŮˣζԲսɱһϲһѣз羰续㣬չڳ
ǵһΣζķ羰ɵˣѪҺڣСϸ۾ζƵڴϣſ˳ϡ
뻳֣յԽԽζӣһԺ˽սһɬһȴڹƻ󣬡ǿеף
һҧ޹˼ɡ
ζ˵ߣ㿴˭˭ζӺҰڶ
ζˣӦ棬ҳ㣡
ƭң棬ҳŶԣ
ŮģӦ档
ǣ϶Ů档ζҧų˵Ȼ飿ζʲô飿Ȼϵ˼ֹЩ棬ȷʵŮġ
ζΪ˳Եϣûп꣬Ҳûпȫԣζ֪ô죬Ӳʵӣô

ٲСȴǶһζʵҲ𣿲԰ѾܿԹˣӦûŶԣ˵
ġ
ϻȨζȻУң£


1482 õ
£
նһ仰ɵˣӡ㣬͸ȫÿһ缡Ѫ⣬ÿһϸ˷֮Уó鲻Խؾζ˵еİأ
ʵһ̣ζҲޱȵܣǧֻƵģܵʱޱȵ˷ܣӲԽԽ˷ܣһ𣬴ÿһԺѻԽȼԽԽԽŨ
޲ҵһйڣ
ôһ˵ζСֶΪ׼ץס˸߸߰ͷСϣץסһ˲䣬ַ˿һץһţζˣʶҲЩٴǲµָСץסһһ
ʱζĵЦ˵ӣ˵ҳģ

ζ˵Ǿ仰һʹУǸоһƬʪأûȥϸϸܣֳ谭ĸоͻʥָ֮оҪˬ
ҲŴˣһޡ֣ӳϵĺޱعζǴӣﾭ̣ǵһΣȨ֪أһӾǴʱҵʹʹζʮָָͷһץסż⣬һҶ
ϸоŴʹɴΪ𾪣Ӵ죬ѾԺ͸߽汦еһƴˣζһ˲ıȴоʹֱóϾ̾˵ǱܣȻġ
Ȼϵ˼ûһһͣζƭӣ϶ƭ˵ģʹˣʲô
ζϵӶˡ


ʹЦѹ£ضζ˵¶õģرǵһء
ô˵ζϻʹ飬۽Ǹֱ֣Թ벻ԸҲôʹ࣬⡭
˵Ѿ˵ţ֣ȥζͷϵ㺹Ҳû뵽һļ
ȡЦң
ζգſҧסϵļͷȻûиоۣϻֱ죬¶ʹޱȵģζ˵ЦҾĳ㣬ͷʣ
㲻ڳ𣿡
ЦҡζҪ˵ȴĴһأǿ籩꣬Ϫˮζֱ뽫ԼĶ³ȥȴûгɹϴŲ
أζҲˣϷˮһĸо˵⵹е˵ĸоˣٲʹ͸ˡ
ζ𣿡
е㡣
ɵϣһͲˡ
ģ

ζſ˳ϣڵĻȼ÷
ζ


ζ˳ڴȴͻæУҪ㣬ҳ㣬Ͳȥôãͻſػˡ
⣬ζý˵ζЩŵǾȥҸطӣܼɽݺǰϪ

һѺӣΧת
һѣһһ
ô
Ҳܡ
ζǿƣӵаĳϣҲ޿κΣЦţζͻ˵ӣôˡ
Ƕһ
ζҲ˿־Уѵˮ㣬ضţǳֹ̧𣬽롭
ûãٶȽǰɽ壬ͬϵĴֻķ⣬鲻ԽرסҪԦֻӯӯһա
󣬴صĴϢ
е϶˷
ӣ۳һİ֮¡
ζſڳߣҧŶ˵ӣ˵һ
һʲô
㻵
治֪ô
㻹
Ҷˣһ
ߣ
ζһߣֽųϣֹĸоӿͷӣҵһˣҲΨһˡ
˰ҳϣػע

һأѾǲҽˣ
ſ£ٶ
ûã𣬰֮裡

ڣЪɢ
ζ㺹죬һĵһƬʣʼڳϵתл˲ʱ
ζΪҪȻζ;ͶζҲף˭˭ǳϧζǵһΣⳡսֻ»Ҫȥ
һ˶ˣҸζζͷڳϵؿڣ֮ޱȣӿʼʹɺĻ֣Ķ˵Ļϲ
ͻأһס
ζʵôˣӣ


1483 ԡĺô
һ֮רעޱȣζôǣҲϵֱ̹ϱýҪ
ζһӿǹǿҵĳ嶯ҪرǿϳϵĽŲҪΪϵȻϳʲô£Ͱﲻæͱڡ
ʵǺõòˣ֮ԾףΪԵظоǾһεõ
һδǰеļһ𣬶Ҫӿóףû֮ǰ϶ԾûһȷĸֻǾԼľǿ࣬Ϊٳֿݽ״
ǣϲ֪߹ԼǳײεġܷġġȵȣɿݵԵĵز
ڲɽָɽ˻֮󣬳ϵľвٵģı״̬һӣڣϸоı֮״Զˣǣȴڿϲ
Ϊһ̵ľ֮ǰ˺üʮóھȥǰֹػʮ飬ز
֮Ϊ״̬ȫһı״̬ñǰı״̬һСƿӣڵı״̬һƿӣһСӡ
ң֮У
ʱԳ϶ԣ൱ҪȫȻû뵽ζԡһأȻջĵϲãӵ˳ϵϣϺٺٺٵЦ
ӣЦʲô
ζȫĪϲ˵ֻЦЦԽԽ͸Żζ۾ֱζϳζ˫ֱأ˫УǾ衣
ζΪ㱧סʲôҿˡ
צӣŶǴ˵ζǸޱʹɾСϣֽͷ߸߰𣬶ų˵ӣҪٲ˵Ҿ͸һš
ɲС
ϾͶ˵ζľóζղŵõĺô˵ζ糺죬¶𾪲ѵӣ˵Ҫζ˵Ҫٳһ㣿
㡭¶飬ղ˭ĵģ
ߣԣ˭Ͷ
ζ˵ţҪĸϻлȴѹȥζֻǵһΣҪ١ԡȥζɾд˺
ζұ㡣
ζǹʹûȫʧһ˳ƵڳϻУϲ鿴Լ壬߿ҵľõĪζľӦҲӣζԺ°빦Ч
ʲôζʵأ
ΪԺ󣬳ûиζáķΪǣղζ飬֮ǰζ˵ĻóΪ𶯣ҪζĵģΪԼʵǳԣڽʾ֭ڲӰζԺ£ܵζʵ
ҵѪУĪܣܸܰζЩҲʺζʱϲ̽Լĵ֮УԪҺУγǰǿ󣬡ΪŮΪŮϣԭҲǾǵԭ𣿡
ͻأԺһ⣬ˣζǻľ˫Եʣζĵ֮УҲתԻΪľΪٰҵĻ֮۳һӣڻУζӦûвٰɡ
뵽Ԫӿζ壬ζ۶ųϣ۾Ի󣬳˵ζɣһнҡ

ζ֪ҪʲôζγϣԼˣ͹ˡ
ζľζľԺͿȽԲӿ໤ԪҺʱ䣬ζľ㱻ǿ
ţԪҺζѪ⡢ʣһͬʱֽŨѹȥ
һ̣üͷ
ζоԼı仯ųϡ
Ϣ䣬Ŀָᶨɳʱ֮󣬳ԾЦݡ
ϲ̽ζһЩԵѨϣողݵģУ󷨣Щ˺ζڹؼʱһٱУУЩ֮ͨ󷨣ܹζ֮УգΪԼġ
һУϲŽζĵ


1484 ռ֮
һųʻ졢ɫԪˣУŻԪȻľԪˣûʵʩ뷨Ǽӹζĵ
ߵ൱ҪĵطΪ½߲䣬ΣȻ϶ڲһףѾɣǣζһĲϣܻб緢
Щ˵⣬ζ˱ޱȵΣο˸ողˮ齻ڹﵽں֮ζȫĵطɣɳʩΪξߢ
ԪҺ󣬽ŸЩǾѹ֮󣬾ޱȵ󸲸ϣӹ̳һ˼һ֮󣬳滭ˡܷġ̷ġ
ĲãĹҲԹζĵ
׼Щ󣬳ϲŶֶζԪ˽и죬ᴿԪľԪת̳üȻϻûȫ͸︺仰ȴԼǰ㣬ڻ۾ľԪľ۾˻Ԫ
л̺ųµĻ֡
ֻϧûдľԪ򣬲Ȼţһȴ뵽С磬Сܹľ궼ľԪ϶򵥣£ϸС紫ʶóһξ൱ӵһ֣
ϵݾܾ˵СףԪҺƷ׸ߣǣϵȴҲǱ֤С׳ɳ
СյϵʶҶƬһҡΣЩԸһսϷǳעضڵĿƣ˱ˮ과鷢ʱоСûٶ˵ʲôֱԽתС繥ȥҪСϳ
ûСԪҺƷ󽵵ͣһܿƣпܳΪΣС˵ǻúܶࣻңûС粢ζԪҺƷ׾ԶܹǰҲûС磬ҲϳԪҺ
պд֮
СоϵĹʼСܳɳ죬ϵӹΰ϶ڳϣСûԣС粻뷨Ͻһξ
һľԪϵһоǴ⡢ǿ󣬻̺Īܡ
ԥϽξ뵽ζĵ棬ľ֮С
󣬳ϴŻľתһתζظоӿһɺƴȻƴȴŰԡһ㣬ζõ
أζлľתƵʣͳϵ㱣һ£ʱ䣬ζΪʼǣϢڣʹн˴Բʣ˳۵ǲݡ
ζûдתлعԼΪֺ͵س˱ݣн߽ۣۡһֱݣٶȲŻǲδֹͣڳݡ
𾪵ģֻζгϣζΪʱ򣬳ϵΪҲҪ֮ͻƣУˮ֮ܣϾܹ񾳣ֹ
һΣҲ⡣
ǳϲ񾳣ȴΪʱܹʵ羫ȵȣƴػۣԴգ
ŴˣϼԪڤ٣ƴΪǣ˵һ¶תǹɳʵ̫ԪڤٶЩɲ
ϿζΪһݣΪζڣζΪҪͣڴԲ۵ľ磬ϵΪһ롣
ݣֱˣ
һ·ֱʥıԵϲٰζ˵о򣡡켴Ѹٲ󣬽Ϊζڡ
˿̣ϲòˣ
ʩչһϵдʩΪҲûȹʥ֮ΪֵҰҪ񾳽ȥľ֮£ϸоһʶ
ϸϸһд۾˵ռ֮
ǿռ֮Ǵؾ֮⣬ѷУоĿռ֮޼еǹ˷ܾ治֪ʲôݡ
⣬ǳ̤֮·ɵһջ񣬶һޱȣޱȣޱȡ
ϸϸſռܹ֮֮˺ռѷ죬ǽ񾳽ʱռ֮ĸÿĸͬ˺ѷ죬Ҳͬ
Ķ࣬͸˺ѷ죬Խ


1485 ʱˡ
ϿԼΪΪܹ򵽿ռ֮ȴûͻƵ񾳽ĳ̶ȣĥǷûн񾳽磬Ͳ˺ռѷ죬Ҫ֮Ĵ㡣
ȴϣʱ˿ַ̣ʽ򵽿ռ֮
ŵͬʱϻø࣬뵽˳´ٽռ֮ԼĹ֮У뵽Կռѷ첼ЩǾ֮٣ֻ˳ϵġռ󡱣Сǳ󡱣űճҪȻգҲڲ֮£貹â
ܽռ֮򣿡
ϴ߶ʶ֮еǵˮҪȥں֮ʱΪʼˣ˵е㻹һͬתȴҲû˴Ϊ
⣬ϲЩźҪٸһʱ䣬һԣ㲻ɹҲܵõһ㾭鰡ϴ֮ʱ͵뵽ڵΪûҲƾȥ֮ԼȥٴﵽղʥĽ򣬲𣿡
ʱΪʼݣСޱȣϿɲһСľ̤֮ھʮεĳ֮󣬳һθо˿ռ֮
˷ܣԲ˵ǿѹ˷ܣٴδ߶ʶеǵˮҸӵĿռ֮ڣȻ򣬸һӴǵˮռ֮ײҪ
ֻһײֱӾͽϴʥ֮ռ֮Ҳ֮ʧɳȴû٣ûһԾڣܵسȥǸ򣬿뵽ζߣʱ򵽿ռ֮ҲüһʱҪˣǺúζ
ջζڵζ㣬óѾתֻתñȽһջأٴξϲط֣һذζʵõĺôڴˣǾرһ£ɾĶѾһСأһС̶ˣ
֮ǰǣΪζϣһΣΪʲôأǷ֮ǰĻͣϲ֪˵һͬת֮ǰǸ߲εϣ
벻ףϲȥܣζζ
ζع񣬾ȣӣûΰɣ
ĻҪ档
һΣҾʹнʱɴԲˣ
ΪȷʵԲĻܲʵȻΪҲƥ䣬ǣкܶණ㻹ȱ֮֮㶼ûи̤̤ʵʵһһһ֣һнۣܽˡ
£Ҷ㼸ΣΪ͵ŵŵŵطɵ˵е񾳽ˣʱܴӮҰɣζ˷ܵ˵ţǿɲǡԡε⣬ζѾ
ȻζǿƵ棡
ζҲᳵ·š㲻𡱵ʱѾһζͣҡͷˣһ㶼ˣ
ΪҪͻʱܹǿס״̬֮£ϾҲ̲סοͲ̣Ǻ֮ս֮󣬳ϱȨ
֪ٴθ߳ζڳԲסˡ
˭˭
ζоԼΪɻΪôһ㶼ûбأ

ϵǷ־һЩֻǰȾͺСˣζһϷ֮󣬳ϽԼ֮֮ʥ֮ȵȵȣȫ˵ζζһҪۣڻû㹻֮ʱǧҪȥʥ磬˻ľҲУ֪𣿡

ζΪǣֽע˸ȵζҪ£˵УζһҪԤУô֪ô٣
֮ϵĻζȥ̽ԼȴһǧɣζҪϲ֮ʱɫȴͻؽסʵôˣ
ˡ
ʲôˣ
ˣӣûˡ
˵ţζԼסȫĪԼʼǱԵİɣζȴܵ˵ӣߣȥ
ζġ
ˣȥɣҲˡζƳϣϿȷʵʷףٿζĺߣȴóȥһζԼ䣬ȥˡ
ųϵӰʧζۣһߺ죬ôҲ˲ȥôأ


1486 ࣬ʵ
ζȻ֪һ¶ҪߵøԶ͸ӵزףҲԼΪǵģǡԡǺϵĲãһԿɰ
֮˵ֻ˶ϲ࣬һֲ֪ʱǳϧڵÿһʱ⣬Ͻ˵ÿһ֣ζǵ
Ҫ鵽ζ̽ʱ򣬽ջʱȴһˣķ䲻Զˣǵӡ
ζʱˣϻԵʱ򣬲ûвʲôҲûвȡķ뵽Ծ춯صĽǽǶôˡ
ԣһóĪľٶ
ϸտʼζ˷ܲѣ㰡ռ֮һģټϳֻʣһӣһ𣬵³Ҳˡ
ӣν޹ζһеʱסζԶΪѾǴԲʵĵӣˣΪζʲô£ļ֮£𷨱һʱ䵽׼ȥζʱ˳ϵ
ӶԳϵϤҲ֪гڣζ϶û£뿪Ǿʲô¶УƫƫӾһ˲ʧԪڤ٣뵽ԼԺǶζʧļ䡭
һʧ䣬컵㴫˳ӻַ㶣ڼֹ˵ӣܿ׳ζڷĹ£ߺ죬ȥǸתҪȥ˶ζҪҿЦҲᱻȡЦͣ˷Ļס
ȴֱܹõβѣҲȴҪάϣҪóζоȻǻô
ԣӺ࣡
ǳ࣡
ȺɱҪ࣬ԪҲĵÿ죡
òףͣˣ˷ܡšġߵȵŪ£Ҳĵӣһ̱ڵأ׼ССϢһ£ĵ뿪
ȻһСģӱۣȵ͵ۣ׼ߵʱᣬֻٴμϣĥ
ֱζɨĻأӻ뵽֣ζóϳߵòУȻȴ羪˵ӣϽӿ
߳ʲôҲûз֣뵽ķǲɹЦݣ
գϴѪ䡢սһˣɽ˽ͣ塢ѩȻվǰ棬ʱ˵ΪҲʾһһݱ۲ʵζأôûг
æҪȥζϸϽֹ˵ζΪ۷徳ǣķֻҲζܵļޣҪϢϲ֪ζɲΪʹΪΪ˽֪һԭ򣬾Ϊûаٱ߾磬ܽΪԭʾ磬߳ȥĻһҹ֮䣬ʱҲֲ̫Щ
ֵǣҲûĿ⿴ϣ̯̯֣ε˵Ҳ֪ϴʱɲᣬ֮ǰϷԸ⣬Ѱ⼫֮ػûʮɽص
һ·ϣϲϳΪſռ֮ûг֮ʱþʩչսʩչԪӣ׼ʣµĽľһ
֮ʱ֮£ǿ𡰷ӵӦ֣Ҳɲ٣Ҳûеģĳһۿۣٵϱ˴ԼĿ
ٶȿ죬ѪҪ·еüΪһȥϺط֣Ѫǰжȥķ򣬾Ȼǰ֮ء
ĪأЩң
ͬʱؾЩˣԼʵۿۣе˳üеȴǻϲޱȣֻΪɱս֮صʧؾҪ󣬲ôĴ⣬ƾطȸֶΣҲжؾű˵ҵ˲١
ؾУûйܱģǸŽ֮ˣٶȣؾԵһȥķϴǱߡ
˸һ͵̧ͷ죬üͷ˵ߣʵʵƣ½Ҳûܵסҡ
˵ֱ꣬ȥ
һߣסˣԤг棬Ѫĵط֮أ˵ɽȵȶʧˣʣȷʵɽ
Ѫħɽ룿
еĻңˡ


1487 ռͨ
ھǱߡ
ѪָŴĳһ˵һȻòݲֱǲë֮أɢŰޱȵıϢһ鼫׵ء
Ʋ֮еĳϣ⻭棬ɫ䣬еĻȻԾߵ㣬Ϊǵط쳣գΪǵطϷǳϤ
ǳеһδ似ҷնĵط綴
뵽綴˲䣬ϱ뵽ջɽص׻׵һΣ綴ǸǿԨˡ
ʱıը춯أڣӵǰǿʵҲһ֮У֪Ƕôˡ
һرըըѪħ½½һͨ𣿡
ȻϻֻʣɳѾ϶Ǹͨ϶ҪȻô͸պɽ綴أҲΪˣУŻ᲻ػҡ
һ뵽֮أЩߵĲūۣЩѪħ˽ȷѪ꣬޾ѣޱȣ
ҲɱʣɲȴȫΪӿŨŨھΣĿǾɣ׵Ľ
ΣƲȥȻ֪ѪħתǱȻ壬ɱھκţűꡭ
滹ǧףѪɫֱϮϣŰޱȣС𣬳δȭѪɫȫ
ţԾ£սҲȲسȥҲֻѪ۾ﻹžֻ֣һԥҲȥѪܲȥûѡȨȥΨһ··
ոհŵأͻѪӵصð𣬸ձѪ֣͸оڵѪ춯ҺжܷģȻֻѪУҲҪˡ켴⣬ܽնѪҺܣȻҲն
ѪҺдԼĽ
սܵӰǳ΢ͬΪѪħ˵ѪҲڲΪѪܱѪħʥΪѪˣѪ֮УжܽԻõĶ
ѪѾҧûᣬЩѪɫ׺ײϣٵըѿˣ޻ǰͺš
ڳǵһ̣ɽʮһѪħ˽ԻĲѣһ˵ˣڳˣռͨѾȶˣԺ֮½ҲûΣգپͽ٣ڿռͨ棬ܸܵͬĿռ֮˵ʾ֮ˣܹ򵽿ռ򡭡
̫ˣҲѱôãڣǸøЩһʹĽѵ𷴿֮Ѫū˵⻰ģѪħĴѪΪѪħ
ڳˣѪЩƿռͨʮѪħ⣬ʮѪħˣʮȫѪħʥΪ
ѪħóộɼǶ½ڱصõģǶôǿңҪǻûн½֮ǰѪħ廹һŪļʽڲһѪʳԽԽѪħͻƳΪѪħʥƼչȥҪһ꣬Ѫħ½ǽؽѪħʥѪħҲп洦ɼ
ӵɱȥ˭ֵܵңǻܼɸǿĶ֣ԼøǿѪħ˶ǳţѪħ壬ף
ҲΪ̬Ѫ촫ϢѪħ½ŭˣٶȾۼȻɽʱպǹǳͨüΪȶǿͨĻɲ˺ټѪ˵Ȳ˶ʱ䣬ռͨͻƳɹʱܺ˵ͨ
⣬˽ģϣѪѵѪͳôôͣѪ֪ϸûɱѪ죬ΪѪƲ⣬ϻҪѪļֵӵ
񣬿ռͨƳɹΣգѪɱ½ɾѪ˵ʱһը촫󾯱
Ѫħһ㶣벻˭ṥѪЦ벻ԶҲãͰ֮£Ѫ죡
ѪԣһˣЩļūץ
ǣϡ
ѪԴϲѣͷϽֱ
ͬʱͬʱ࣬˲
ţһ̤¡


1488 ɱ
ڲ󣬳ϱǸи֡
տһۣϾ鲻ë֮ϣ󷨣ֻһʯͷпһֻ֣뵽Լ֮شⳡѣʮֳء
ԣɱŨĳϣúķʱȥֱԱֶνע˲һ̤£ʱž籬һı
ǧ󷨱򱬵
ԭ綴Ԩ֮УҪѪһѪħˣҲˣǸǺ޷֮ûʹ͸ϵķѪ⡢֮УȻֻನȴԲЩѪħʡѪħΪѪħֵܵġ
ʱ䣬ۡ˷Ѫħˣ˸ɸɾֻʣѪѪħûѪԼѪѭҪȥסߴкǿ
ȻոճѪѪħ˵ǰѪʣµһˣΪһʬ壬ѪѪԵʬ壬еתſռ֮һѪħʥŭ˭ôĵӣɱˡ
ûѪħ˺꣬Ѫ㶢˵ѪסѪҡѪѪĸһ𣬴ȥжˣȫ׽ҪһѪȫƳɵҩ
ǣ񡣡
ĸѪħɱڳȥ棬һŻȥ󲿷֮ѪѾɢˣǸֹȫӰһԨȥ
Ѫ죬ſδϹһ̤µķûпǣ֪ǶôգѪħʥҪӲֻ·һȴϣּͱ˸ˣѪЩţܹΪѪħһˣȻѪħһˣνľƷŲ࣬
Ԩ䵽һ룬ѪסѪҡѪѪǾͺͳˣѪ״ȣǼɱѪ𣿡Ѫ׺꣬סӡ֮УܹɱѪһˣЩٶҪʮǰô¶
ֻĸˣһԼˣ
Ѫ׵һѪħ벻ףҲ֪ղһ̤˻ȥǧ֮⣬ɱѪԵһѪħˣ˵Ѫ˭ɱģҲ֪֪Ͼͻᱻɱ
ƾ㣿
Ѫ׿ЦţѪħ˶ڿЦʱӰһΣƣȭʱѪ׵ظͿˣֻʣһԴֲ֫
ЦڼѪħǲ֪ʲô£ǰѪǣǿȴΪǻþЦɲסϵĹֵѪѪѪڻعȴûüȣҲѪĺ󳾡
ڳŨɱĳϣڵѪһԶ뵤ɱ¾У˵ǵԴ
ϴ󡣡
սڳɱ֮󣬾ͳ˳˿ɱķеĽͬѪﻹţѪûˣͬĥҵĽ
ѪؿһУȳǼϢ֮䣬Ѫħ˺Ѫһ飬ˣ£ҲԼ˳ȥѪѪħˣɱԼǺңѪħ˸û뵽ѪǶ֣ѪѪħ󷨣һһѪħˣѪ
Ѫħ󷨣ãѪħ˸ãرΪߵĶΪ͵ģǽ޷֮ˣѪɱѪħˣҲ١
Ѫж϶ǸЦ̰ΪԼ֮ȵȣֻУħУУѪħ࣬Ҳ⣡
Ҫ֮֮
Ѫħˣתۼ䣬ҷֻʣһƬѪͷվһѪħˣѪͷɵˣ󾪽һѪѭӻأսҪ£ֹȥҲá
ϵȸ£ǸѪħѪѭ֮Ȼܿ죬ǣϵġߡҲ˵ټϡҡֱϾˣǸѪħ˵ǰŸոڵϣǾ͸ϵˡ
ѪŽַĵҩ㿴һѭ˻Ѫ㶣ʵôˣ
ɱɱ
ɱʲô
ɱˡ
ʲôɱ񣿡Ѫʣȳŷ֣ղŻشģǰ˵ģǴ洫Ѫתͷ棬ѪѪħȫ档
ʱռͨţûйϣ
Сģ
Ѫж˽Ͻһȣ֣ҪֶΣӽĶȫٵʱѪǡһУ


1489 ߹
ѪĿǰѪħĵڶ֣ﵽѪħΪǿߣһ˵ǲᱻʲôŵġ
ǣѪǸͲһĶѪħ˵Դ
Ѫŭ죬зҪɱ½ϣһǰδеѪͷɽѪͷһӿѪҰԺС
һʱ򣬻һֳѪҲгһ֣
ϧûô½ûУѪڵĿռ֮ͨУҲУ
Ѫ˼תûлȥԴǽ˿УɸղǶһУѾø߸ϵ޴棬޾ŭȻתƵӽѪͷ֮ϡ
ĸⲽ˽Ѫͫ͵󵽼£ƾĸ
һǡˡѪȴ͵ؿĸ֮УһȻͬ࣬ңͬΪϤ
ǣǸˡֱ˻ȥתȵѪôһ峤أ
ΪѪħ峤ԣҵūϵ˵˵ȫ΢һ仰ɶѪһѪħ˵һס
峤ū
Ѫϸһ׽֮󣬱֮ǣ֮Ѫ͸ŭˣѪѪǸ߹ѪħˣȻԸȥһͼѪū㡭
ѪħˣҲ׷Ǵ
˵ѪӦһ˿ŶԣǣɱôԼ֮ѪԼһ˿ζûУһָеѪͷ˵ȻĻҾͺһˡ
㡭
Ѫ˵һ֣ͱϴˣһʣ߹󣿡
֮ˣ͵츳ܣûУԣѪħһ߹ޱȣǣֻѪħūԶū
츳ܣԣ
Ѫһϲ壬вһţΪ뵽еѪͷѪǵ츳ǰãǾͲȫû˺ѪҲͲ
ţ
츳Ѫħ츳ûãѪ֪Ѫħ콫˵ΪµףǺпԼļҶס
Ѫһ³ԴһƼ򵥣ںѪħѪ½Ķָ似Ѫħ󷨴߶£
ѪħΪѪħһʩչѪֹסزҲòȥɫһӾͲ԰ˣսûж£ֻǺЩ١
ڳϣڵѪҲǿתȴԶԶﲻڵĵزϸоǹѪܣһݣתѪѪУѭת
ͬʱһʽץֻѪƣûץϣѪ͸оѪﴫһɾʹʹѪ˲ɿ־壬ʹΪʲôǷɴʹ
ѪħҲᱻɣʲôͷѪûмȥʳֵһ˲䣬뵽˸صĺֻһͷ۸ʲôۣҲҪɱѪǰˣ˻Ѫħ󷨵Ӱ죬Ѫɣ죬ټˣһ֣£Щȫɱ
û꣬Ѿץס֣ʱʮϣʵ߹𣿡Ѫش𣬳ϾͽѪ֫ȫѪʹֱл
ȡѪĲѪͬʱУѪšܷġսɱȥȡ˹ӣɨķ
ǣϢڣϾͽܷġãţѪҲɱȥڵľ䣬ȫЩѪħ츳ܵӰ졣
ѪɵɵؿһУھѪΧѪܣѪȫȻԼֶϽŵʹо֣ŨԸ֮ء
վѪǰѪʵô
ôҾͽô
ѪѪ鱩ͻôŰɱߣūߣߵĵλħ޶磬ǵ似Ϊá
ѪһƽӦǣһеĶ߱ѪħˣѪ޿־壬ŭޱȡ
˵ĳΪʵһҪɱ
һ̣ѪѾȨѪ飬ɲ֪ΪʲôԤԱҲɱϣ͵أѪܡ
ռͨ


1490 ûлẰǾ仰
ռͨѪħ弯ȫ֮˼֮ϣռдָ촢ָԪȫھ֮ѪѪħ˽Ŀռͨ
ǰȻѪħҲܴӴͨȴҪضʱΪĿռ伫ȶ˵һѪħȻҽͻᱻͻĿռ֮˺Ƭ
صĺʱѷ컹пԶϱϣЩ꣬ҲвѪħרڹѷ죬ѷϣⷽ棬Ҳ˺һѪħˡ
˶ӵ״谭ѪħķչҪȻʱ֮ؾֹǧѪħˣռͨһƳڴѷ촦⣬ռѷ콫ٱպϣѪħڿռͨҲκԱڿռͨУõٺôռ֮дԵ򵽿ռҲпܵġ
ۿѪħҪۿһжѪħķչȴϣôһɱ񣬿ռͨδʹãȾѪħԼѪ
Ѫȴɱ¾ԼĳأѪһѪħˣȫܲˣ
Ѫղ뵽ɱϵķǻٵռͨ뵽ռͨѪħ壬뵽ٵռͨѪħ徫񣬰ЩƿռͨĴʦǣҲſռͨԥ
ʵǣϵ̫ˡ
ʱ濪ʼѪħˣѪ״ȼϣϣЩ˺ѪĶǾΪٶѪħʣ
ȷʵǣǵ𣿹֧ɱʮѪħ𣿱ţôǸѪܣܹһֱڡ
Ѫţ⼸ʮˣ⼸˵¿ռͨǾֵ̫ˣȻǾ񣬿ƾѪħ츳ܣԺҪپ񣬾жپ
һ̣Ѫĵľǣˣ½ϻж٣
ţѪֶˣӿԴѪͷȻһָ⣬Ѫͷ˳ȥѪħ徫֮УʱϿһ֣
䣡
һը죬ѪͷΧ߰Ѫħˣ˲ͱһѪꡣ
ѪһĻɵˣͬʱҲˣ׿ʮˣɱǰ⼸ˣǸýģһնȥгɰǧˣնɼ룻ǸӵģһɨȥҲǺüǧ˱ɨѪƬͽѪʩչѪħ󷨣Ҳϰ
ңģûг֣
Ѫ۾ݹ⣬ȻʮɱǣǾֻռͨˣռͨٵȻпܵռѷĻӵĶӣǿռѷʧҲܱռͨȥūǿȨ຦ȡᣡ

ͻسʵѪһ켴оԼڵѪڱֻһʧ䣬ѪڵѪʣ޼ˣͷ֮Ѫ˵ûлẰǾ仰
죬
䣡
ˣѪˣҲ棬Ǿ仰Ҳ֮ˣѪռͨռͨģֻиƿռͨǸʦ
ɱ¾ڼȴûмȥվſռͨĳſռ֮ϸһռͨ͸о˿ռ֮ĴڣǴɱѪǻܷģѪͷ󣬳϶ڸš
ϸоͨĿռ֮Щ˺ռѷ͸Ŀռ֮Ųͬһͬʱ˵ֻһָо
ռѷ죬½쵽Ѫħ½˺ѵĿռѷ죬ȣ˵գѷ쵹Щӽֻǣ籬ըռѷ棬᲻ỹʲô֪
ϴʣ֮Ϊｻ򣬿ֻʲôӣȴ뵽ѪղŵĴ㣬סˣԺеǻоռͨ
һѪߣʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ˣǽռͨ
˭Ūģ֪𣿡
˽Ѫġ
סвƿռͨˣȫ
ǣˡ
Ѫ˫Ĵ⣬ǰѰȥҲŲ˳ȥûȹѪħˡǿԼĿ
ģ
ǸѪħˣըˡ
ģ
Ѫħˣʱػԣ
ģ
һŻֱѪħ֣
õĽ⣬֪ĲУȵȣýĻ˵ϵһдڣáʵֳֻҪʵ
ʲôģǳĵȵȣڻ¡
Ժ︡ʲôģϾ֮ڻٷ֮󣬳Ժһġ


1491 
ģ
Ժбֳġġ롰ġзЩ㲻ͬЩǵһģֳӻߵΪ⡰ġһһף
ǰڽĴߴ֮£ǿнĸעԺûȥ룬ڴɱ¾֮УȴǾһ뵽ࡣ
һġ˲Ϣ֮䣬ıӡѪħϣѪħʱãתŵѪҲסˡ
ȻоѪħ˻ŨŨеĶסˡ
ģģġ
ţֱٶתۼ䣬ĻѪħ˵һ˫ѪۣͰ޹һʬ⣬ʧ
Ȼأ
ϲŸջһ㣬Ѫħ˵ӣʯͷһըȴܲסǹϮķͬǳЩһñǳģѪħ֮ġ
˲˴ɨۿȥҵһѪħ𣬳ֶģȻѪħȻܲˣѿˣѪⶼʣ
üǶ׻иҪһ㣬Ȼֻǻһ㶨ģǣһ㣬ϸоģ羨һ㡣
ڳѪħˣֻ¶ܲģֻսųܵˣ֪ⶨֶܹʱ䡣ֻʮģѡѪħˣΪͬ
Ȼ󣬳ϱ㿴ӣѪħŰ˶ĵֶսһϢʧпܵĽ֣ⱻסʱ䣬㹻˽ɱǧٻˡ
ľ͸ˣѪħ߷ֶӣѪħʵڶûаѣϻѪħʥģѪħʥѾս;ɱòˣֻѪƿռͨѪħʥûҵ
ĵĪãϵȻڶҪ֮ʣڶҪԱ֮ʵȵȷ棬ŤתǬá
滹⣬ǶֵΪԽߣסʱԽ̣пáġЧ⣬ϻҪʱﻭģ֮˸м¸ǧ֮һϢ䣬͸סˡ
ϴ֮ܻ֮ԷѪħܻ֮䣬ӦҲܻɡ
£ڿգǣͳôһϸջһ㣬Ƿɢˣγһķ
ƳɡϾܣڵأԺһ˼һϴķģʱƺƾȡϢ䣬ϻ˺ôһģԲ׷ΧǶĵķΧ
һɲǣǧ׵ѪħˣȫסˣѪҲ⣬ûбסģֻս䣬Ҳⳡ澪סˡ
ܻΪβܻһģȻȡ֮һľҪζôֻ½ľܽҵľˡ
˼䣬Ѫħ˻ָǸѪ滹һץסָѪħʥ˵Ѫİɣ
ô֪
Ѫľʣһ仰˵ȴǸպñ֣ûж˵ռͨߵֱӳ֣ȡͷ֮ѪٽΣӸѪ
ûϵעϻŷĵ¶ֳ֣ڵϻŷȴǡġǰѪħϻġĵþ̫࣬ɴ˿̣ϵľٴαͳȡȳϻһԲ׵ġġ֮ڵľֻʣķ֮һ
ĵľĴ󣬿Чԣǧ׷Χ֮ڵѪħˣڡġɵһ˲䣬ȫһըˣ¡һը󣬵ϣʲôС
ϲ֮âս˵ϴϴ㻭ȦȦˡѪȴɵɵվڵ
ȻֻǻģǣϸоɱôѪħ˸ۣϻŽĶһȦֻҵһ䣬֮󣬱ջ
ΪʲôҪ֮л֮ʲôգռ֮ϵò𰸣ʱһߣž߳˿ռͨ
߳ռͨڳǰģһƬһƬѪˮѪɫģգ۵һ֮Ѫɫ
Ѫ֮Уһ
Ѫħ½Ѫ
ǡ
Ѫ˵һѪħĴСȵȣ꣬ЦѪħ½ҿӦýѪħ࣡ϵͷͣѪħ½ͼڴ½ʵСöˡ
ûɱȥڿռͨǰ󣬾ռͨ


1492 룬ʮſ
Ϊ˾֤ռͨѪħϻһµʱ󣬶ĲϣǡѪħ˴½ѹεģ
ڲУȻؼ˷󷨽󷨱ġ߱סгµˮ֮ŨŨȵȣͻûȥ
ô˼·˵ϵ컹ûдﵽꡱĳ̶ȣɡļ룬óϲ֮·ӿ
ͣؽϵöˣȻȻӿһ˼룬Ǿܲܽںһ
ںϣϡ
з󷨣
ˮںһ𣬶ԶĪܣںϣ϶󡣡ţЩҪںϣԽʱͶһŵơ
Ҳ֪Ҫǣкܶܶ·ҪߣҪܶܶʱ䣬뵽ʱ䣬һθ̾ڣûȥоǸ󷨣ԽԽָıʱ󷨡
֮̾󣬳ϿǰĿռͨһ䣬иĻʱ󷨣ûиıռ󷨣еĻҲһƣռͨҪʱоһ¡
һ£䶼ڿռͨ棬Ȼ֮ͲһǺظſռͨĿռ֮սˣѪڡźѪġ
һʱתеѪ죬ûеȵȱĵֱҪԵˣѾûƬ飬ҲѪħ½󲻾ȡ
Ѫ첻֪ȻɱѪħ½ϣ˿̣Ѫħ½ϣҹѪħ½ϵ¹⡢ǳۿȥҲѪɫտʼϺǾȣһȴϰΪˣֻʣѪħ½ϵǳ½ϵǳʲô𣿡
ھʮǳѨϣʮʱϸоǳϮǳȷʵǿ󣬿ɶڵĳ˵ȴ첻ʲô˺ֱӽǳ壬
ͬʱϼѨϣһֱʮ˸ǳѨ֮󣬳ϲŸо˿˿ʹȻʹϵļ޻Զ
ֻʣһǳѨûϣӴޱȵǳܣϢӿ˳ϵܣѪûиܵսȴظоǹɰǳܣоʱ򣬻ѪɫϿһоЩǳǰЩ쿴Щͬ
ʲô취ǳģ
ţѪͻӿһѪˣ˽Ŀ棬Ѫ˳嵽ϻ֮࣬ԸˣţһֻѪѪ״㣬ֳϴţϽߵף
ţ½УѪħ½ҲУȻǴ½ȥģҴѪħ½ţʾǼ֮ЩŶרѪġ
ֻѪϵѪħˣҲͰѳǵţѪҪȺϾѪħʥڱѪѪܷġѪԼͻƵѪħԶˡ
սһӽҳˣΪɱģȴֹˣôȥΪϿһϵѪħϣŴָ
Ѫ˵Ҳ֪󲿷ֵĴָȥ˿ռͨģ٣һָܹģǼȨ֮
أ뿴ⴢָ᲻СѪܹҲ˶ʱ䣡
ϵѪħ˿ȷųǾţһ䵽ϣղźѪħ˾ͺȵţ£

ѪɢѪħʥΪѪħһͣǸѪħ˶Ѫ˵ѪħʥѪħ½ѪħʥѾֵǮˣûʲô˲ġ
ֶԳ˵ãǽѪ߰ɡ˵ţѪħ˴ӴָȡһֻѪ룬ǻЦ
϶Ѫ˵ȥָù
ǣˡ
Ѫ˵ֱ֣һѪħ˶סˣžΪѪħ˵ˣǸǾƷţǸѪħֻһѪħʿ
ǰѪħʥǾ͸ӲˣǣƫƫôʵطˣѪѾǸϵѪħȥȵʲô֣ôܳΪŵūͣѪħĸ߹󡭡ȲסѪ˵ȥתȵ֣һ¡
ʱʮѪħ˽Χʮ֮УѪħʥǸѪħ˵ѪħʥѪħ½ѾֵǮˡ
ʱ߳һŮӣһ۱㿴ϣжŵһѪžһˤ˴ϣ


1493 ˣѪ
㣡
Ů͵ָųϣЦ벻Ҳн죬ҲţӦǵͼѪūŶԡ
Ʒƣ˭
ϵѪħˣѪ죬ؿŮӣΪƵѪﻹĹâ
ŮӵʱٶȣܵѪǰСһſѪĽ£ֺƵģͷ˵ˣƣǷƷƵĳˣɱ˷ƷһˣΪƷƱ𣡡
ƷƣϾʱµĳˣ
ϿƷƷʱûϳΪûнƷƷƷƷƷôһ˵Ҳˣȷôһ¶ƷƷ˵ȷʵģֻǻǰƷƷҪնɱһˣңƷƷƻųҪϺζһնɱˡ
£̫СˣһΪˣû뵽ϲ˿˵ѪСӣֻҪѪŸɾ͹ˣҪѪҪԡ
ƷƷƼһҪԳĽĹǣҪʬΣƣģһúûŵģһҪҵŮˣŮ˳ΪֵĹߣҪǧˡ
Уһ紵ƷƷƾͱץǰƷƻûô¶ֱӸһƣ˵һ䣺ɱ
£սų֣Ѫڷŭ״ЦƾǼѪ컰䣬Ϳʮ£ʮѪ⣬Ѫħʥ
Ѫˡ
ѪȴѾߵǰֽŴָָֻնȡ´ָ˳ŽֻѪߣѪѪѪ˵ѪζͦѪʲôϵ
Ѫҽлæ峤ĵʮӣǸҶңս׵Ȩ׶ὫǴűѪūԶ
ڣ㻹ţ
һЦƷƷƣƷƷƻѣΪֻţȻϲѪħ½ôҲû뵽ϾȻЩѪħ˸ɱˡ
ѪƷƷƺŮˣʲôˣǵģ
ƣǡƷƷţͻʲôȵһ֣гϣϻ
ϣϡ
Ѫţ͵³һѪѪ½ϢɱǧѪħˣתģǸгϵˡ
Ѫ֮Ѫ뵽˸Ҫ£һǿռͨһѪħ½ĿʲôѪҧ࣬ҪѪѭϼ״˲仭ġҶ
Ѫ챻סˣôҲѭˡ
Ҳɱ㣬ɱմҵ֡϶ƷƷ˵ֶѪ˵ȥ֮󣬰𩣬𩴦á
ƷƷ𩣬ʱͿ־嵽˼¡
ǿȥָӡһ鿴ûСѪܹټȴҩкһЩǳٵħҩ
⣬滹кܶѪʯѪȵȣֱӽǰǹɸоӿȴȻûѪ֮ĳ֡
Ͻһ£һָѪ֮ˮʱѪѪˮ䵽Ѫ˽ӣˮһˣȴûнѪװǰѪûóǻȥΪ̺ĪѪˣԸɢˣоЩŲ򵥣ְڻиѪħʥԣųһߣҪǵѪƭ⡣
Ȼˡ
֮ǰͲѪ벻򵥣ڿ⣬¶ϲǰҲһƭ񣬲ô;ϲġ
Ѫ棬пռ䣬ǲǾǰ룬˸ıռ󷨣ţѪ죬ѪǴģ
ǡãʱġЧʧѪָж֮ʣҪѪȴǡžžžأʮȥֱѪͷۻ㻰أû𣿿˵ٲ˵Ѫ
㡭
Ѫȫܴܽʱ飬ȴò˵峤ҵģҲ֪Ǵ棬Թޡ
Ѫ룬ƾ˿̵ĥ͸Ѫ룻˼ֲ²⣻󣬳϶Ѫ˵߰ɣȥ峤
Ѫ仰аϲ׿Ѫħټ½ϵõٺö֮ΪֿҪͻƣ⼸ȥҸ׵鷳
ôһ룬ѪԹԵǰ·
ڻҪھʮǳѨһϡ


1494 
̤ѪϣʱʱؿѪдܳһֻֻޣбȴҪ㣬߻ҪҲСþһĶһرǾǳѪɫ
ѪޣҲûʲô˵ģأϿЩޣһӦЩ޵ǿ󣬶Щܳԣ
Ȼ󣬳ϵһɼУӿͷûǿȥѹ⼢У˳ȻֽץڿУûˣϣ
Ѫ״÷ǳֵ֣ǣ䡢ս񣬻Ѫȫ֣ץ˺ޣСŹǧģµģȫһץǿżɹһ࣬Ҳ
ɨ
ǺѪͿҲĻ棬һͷͷӴޱȵޣȫ죬˳ϵĶӣѪܻɣôĶȥװЩʳȫҲ൱ֲĴڡ
һ·Уһ·ԡ
֮󣬳ϵ֮ãŽˣΪˣ·Բǧ֮࣬ҲһֻͳԣĽǣϵļʧһ룡
γϷ֣ľ˲٣ȻҲĹͣоĿԣĳֳϵϵ
ѪħϣַǷŴУЩȻûѪڵϣǵȴһֱŵģͷǵŵģѪħ˵۾ӣ򣬾ͻһٶ
ЩѪħ˿ֱ۾ﶼŭҪǿѪɢѪħʥϢѪ棬ΧԳǶˣ
ֻǣųѪħԽԽ࣡
ѪЩЦѣԻѪħ£ԶˣҵˣɲЩеޣٵȼ죬Ҫÿ
ޱ飬ȴǳ֣Ѫϻһġ
÷ģ
֮ʱѪ챩ˣΪЩѪħѾ֪ѪūѪūڲɱˣԥأѪתɱȥ
ѪҲѪħʥΪټѪҺɱȺѪħˣ࣬ЩѪħȫ֪ʲô£Ǵţ˵ͬˣǣѪĶͱˣɱѪħˣһҪ
ɱɱɱȺѪū·ϣȥɣɣ
Ѫ󺰴ţɱøˣϿ÷ġ֮ǿǰʲôȵȣǿ̫ˣҲʩչ
ֻףҲԳ϶Եģһˣ֪Ҫãܻ÷ġġ÷ġȴûϲ֮ɫ
Ϊ뵽ǱΣǽҲڰвôһ÷ġʹԼĸԸ׳尡֮࣬Ƿʤ
÷ģܹʩչˣҲʩڼɣͬ
ϵ¾Ҫá÷ġԼͬʱȻ֪ȻȻ£ұػ㡣
˼÷ġĹЧʧѪ񣬿Լ˫֣ѪħؿڣԱߵĵϣȫ˵ʬ壬ѪһˣǸûüѪħˣ˵ΪʲôҪɱң

Ѫֱֻ֣ңɱġѪ嵽ϵǰųϣ㵽׶ʲô
С˼ϵѪħˣࡣ
תǰȥѪʧѪ󣬸зһѪӰը˭Ѫħɱˣ
սһȥǸѪӰֱӱڵأҳһЩҪûֵѪħˣϽȥϿΧЩţȡѪѪǻˡܷġ˵ǲѪħˣǵѪӵǵ츳ܣ
󣬿ȥЩţ࿴˿ͻȻΧѪħ˳֣ЩѪħ˴ŭ߶ѪҺ츳ܣ츳ܣѪǰȫûˡ
ѪΨһһΧͦ󣬳չٶȣȫƴϣҲ죬֮Ѫָǰߵɽ壬˵׾棬ȥɣȥɡ
ĪãмС
˵һѪͷԵĻţϲͷѪ˵ͽԴһãΪɡ

Ѫ쾪ֽг
ʱɽ֮ϣɱ
𣿡
Цˣʱɽ֮һ˲ϮϣһըˣϵΧʱʮռѷ졭


1495 Ѫħ
Ѫ죬Ѫħ峤Ѫħ۷ΪͬһѪħҲ˺ѿռ䣬ѪҲܣֻǣѪƴɱĻڿռͨѪ֮أټϣϹ̫⺷ֱѪʧȥһսںֻɳΪ
ǿռͨ
ѪҲûƣһ־ǺУʮռѷ죬ʮ˸ҪСӣɭɭȻظڳΧֲĿռֱ֮Ҫϳǧ顣
ʱûпռ󣬸ûпɲǳģɳȴ˿ȥЩռѷ죬ֻ֣Դ͸ܲĿռ֮Ѫüм䡣
󣬳ϵ˵Ȼ㲻ϲļǾͻһ£ѪüļͶһģǰЩӵġ÷ġһģһȴҪ
ţϽѪ˳ȥɽۣɽѾһӰ֣ΪѪһΣӰ㵽˽ǰҪѪ
ɱ
Ѫ֣ΪնѪ죬Ѫɫ쳣ֱӽӵֱץסãѪĹûֹͣѪѪħ󷨡
ѪѪħ󷨣϶ûѪʵʵģոתѪܵɣȫѪˣѪϽӴΣһߣȻŭųϣʲô
ӣȻǲϲˣϵѪ˲رǿȫܿռ֮Ӱӣǲ͸Ũˡ
ϼ˵ܻóãҾͻѪħ½񣡡
ţ
ţֻǱѣΪǧԩ걨Ϊū۵ͬǱ𣡡
ƾ𣿡
һЦˣĶأֻҪĶӾͻһֱ㣬ĶӣԶڻ֮С仰ſĳɷ֣ɲѪ죬ʣҲһ롣
ѪѪħ½ߣó仰͸ס˵һᣬѪħһ壬ΪѪħһӣʱǹ񷣻򣬱ͻὫǱѪūĥ
ҲģΪɱ㣡
Ѫħ
Ѫһеʱֳһ˸ӰݴΣĳΣһѪħˣΪѪħʥ⣬֮ϣǧˣЩǱѪħ½ߣϿɢΪϢȻѾʶȴЩСԾΪǧ߶ʥΪ
Ѫħ嵽ʲôЩΪô죿ЩҪ˵ɽʥϾҪ򵽹Уʲôʱ˺򣿡
ߣѪħˣһ֣㷢˹Щ߿ǣǿ˿̹ĵĳһ㣬һسɱй򣬻һЩĹ򣬺Ѫܣӿ
˿̵ѪѾǰԸǰ壬Ѫϲ˽ţһѪѹ̫󣬱ϾѪѪħ½ôãǹѪѹɲôɢȥģѪħɱ󣬸ǿֲޱȡ
ˣѪħеѪеһУɹǵݣ
ѪҲˡ
ѪһЦ˵Ѫħôһ㹦ܣܻúأΣ˵꣬Ѫ첻ȳǱʾֶѪȵǳ֣ɱǣǰһд󣬱̣ңΪѪħ峤ϣ
̵ģүү˵㻹浱ǰ׸ˣ
ս˵ţҪϣȴֹסս񲻽ϴҿӣͲˬЩСӣѪħ˲ɱȴƫҪɱ
ӭſֲϳȥ˫֣費ֹﻹ˵Ҳ֪Ѫħ˶ʲôǱ֪ԩԩгҪ𣬼ȻҾͰһѣѪħƴսܱɱúá
һ÷ġüģһߣתѪħ˹ȥѪ쿴ϵֶΣȷʵЩȣȴ˵ЩūѪħֱǳ룡Ѫ
ʱɫüΪ԰ףеȫȥѹڱѪѪҲѹƲסҪսı飬ҲżֲȻȻҲܵˡѪӰ죻Ѫ͸Ӳˣֱӵ˵ϣҽŹȥ
Щܡ÷ġӰɱȥߣţըˣѪЦѣһ˪ɱʮ㣬˵ʵҲѪħ󷨣


1496 ˣ
˿̣Ѫǳŭ
ѪħѪħ½ޱȵĻжãѪԼ֪òף쿪ۣһռѷ죬ǿ߳Ѫħ½ȥ磬ѪҲץסλᣬѪħ츳ܵı֮£Щ߸ͲѪħ˵Ķ֣ûѶٹѪħͽ½ļ֮ظռˡ
Ѫǳ̣ԣɳԼĶӣѪһƻҪһǱߵ磬ֱΪ½ˡ
Ȼ󣬾һƬ񷣡
еһУƻˣѪ롢ƻȴһгϵ˸ƻˣ֮ضˣӱˣϸɱԼļſڡ
ɱҲ˵ոƺõĿռͨ϶Ҳ䵽ǵˣҪӵԴɱʲô񡭡
һеһУѪޱȵķŭѪЩŭ˵ʵҲѪħ󷨡仰ʱһʧӰˡ
ҲѪħ󷨣Цˣᣬʩչ񿴿Ѫץסᣬųϣ֣˵ֻжԳϵĺޣʵ̫̫ˣŹκһϵĻᡣ
Ҫ
ȻҪǲˣ
ˣһЦȷʵˣڣ
𣿡
ѪҪӾжӣ϶ϲᣬΪѪħ󷨣ֻѪħ˲Żᣬ˵ֻоѪħ˵ѪŻᡣ
ǣߣôܻ᣿
Ѫħ󷨣Ǵ˽֮ʱԭ򣬾ҲûȥעԣʩչģҲѪħּѪħ󷨡
ȫѪǹɳϤϤѪħϤѪޱϤѪܣӳɢܡ
Ѫħ˵۾ֱˡ
һūôܻѪħ߹Ѫħ󷨣
ܣʩչĲѪħ󷨣ֻģ⣬ǹ־ģ
ǣ϶

Ѫħ˰οţѪҲοޱȻ־飬ɾǵ۵ʱУɡѪħһ˸Ѫħʥ
ͻأһѪˣ
ѪĲ״ѪħһģһһĻЩȻֹʵʤ۱磬ǸʩչģԻʵѪħ󷨣
ڳѪħˣȫˣ˵
ѪϾΪߣҲ峤ôãȻɢѪܵĳϣΪʲôѪħ󷨣⻹ࡣ
ĿǰɢѪܣѪħʵĲΣǣѪܣȻһѪħʥѪħԶԶѪħʵѪħʥѪˣ
ȫΥѪħɣ
ٱ磬һѪѪħʥվλãڡѪħУ˵㲻ҪλãȴҲǱزٵģ̶ܹӰ쵽Ѫħķӣǳײģģ
ĻҪ˵Ҫģϣδ̫ںˣϾǵһμѪħɾ̶̵ʱڣ
ʱЩлعѪħʥǲŵشʩչĲѪħΪѪħ󷨣ѪħʥѪ϶Ĺ϶ǣ
Ѫ۾һ֪˿̣ԲԻţˣЩ˽ţǣ˵ССֶɱѪħʥ㻹ɱ˱𣿡
δ䣬ѪѾ۷εѪħ󷨣ųϻѪΪиֶΣԽѪħʥѪħ֮ܣͨһѪħ½Ѫħ˵ѪħܣȻ󲿷˵ѪħܺҲȫɾɻٳɶ࣬Ҳܴﵽֲ
һ̣ϼԼѪħڲͬѪħʥѪ֮ٴ뵽֣Ѫħкιϵ
ѪĻоѪΪѪս֮ʱ̽ѪѪܣؾѪȣ˲٣
ٽѪħ˵ѪܣһȽϣϸоѪħ󷨵Σħ޵ĵȼЩƣͨħڵǰֻгķݣ統СϿСӣССһ
ôһĥͻ˸ŽѪħʩչµѪ죬Ѫħڱ֣ѪѹͺǱѪѪħѹסһ
лʣµһѪħʥ״Ҿ˵ūô֮һ߹츳أѪħʥҲͲѡ
ѪȴЩ֣ΪûиоϵķĪѾ޵ֿ֮ˣѪʸ䣬ɢѪܣȻʧˡ


1497 
ջѪħ󷨣Ϊʲô
Ѫ쿴ϵľٶԺĳĵһ뷨ϵ֮ǰϵѪֱܼʧѪһ˫Ѫ͵һǹģʲôı
ı֣ѪѪħһӶͣסˡ
ȻˣѪȴһͷҲûУе˼˲תǧأȴȻûʲôı²ţѵˣϴѪħѪȻķѪħ󷨣
ʲôпܣһʱ䣬Ѫԥ
ѪҲǹ֮ˣȥΪ˾ʲôıѪħʩչȥôֵܵסֻйԹԵؽѪʱѪˣʲôֶΣһˣ
ôһ룬Ѫ콫еʩչѪħ󷨣˲䣬Ѫħ󷨱ʩչ˼£ҲΪ˷ܣҲ̫ɱϣѪоԼˣǱҲˣѪħ󷨴߷ǰδе̶ȣ
ָоã커ӣˣ
ѪţѪܾѪĺһԶӿԽԽǿ󣬾֮ͷĴųϣ
İϱѪ켤Ѫܣһʵʵ
Ү
УЩѪħʥǣСʱõһǳһ˵ؽкǻ󣬿϶ףˡ
Ƕ϶ϵĽ֣Ѫ
һ̡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

Ѫ˷أ쳣شѪħ˵ĶЦݸˣɾʱǵЦͻסˣΪѪĲǺ֮ǵĳϣǼĪϣ峤Ѫ죡
峤Ѫˣ
ҵ۾𣿡
׷ʲô£

һ֮󣬻еѪħ˶ſ죬ͬ˵ɣ
ɣ
ѪҲ֣еĲţŨö࣬ʲô²ſַܳɣһѪħ󷨱ȱҪߣǣղͷųѪܣҶҲѪħʵĲΣȣĸȼԣȥôһܾǣѪҵѪҪӵе츳ܣҵĻҪŨ
˿̣ҲڷţڵѪһģʵ˵ҲѪֻʥɷģһЩؾѪֻǣЩѪʲôԼףѪȻѪѪħ۷ǿߣҲˡ
Ѫ컹ųϲţ۾ֻʣ˳ϣҷɵģѪħصλ峤֮⣬ˣɳʩչѪħܵɣ͸˵ڵѪѪħѪһ壬ѪħѪͨѪõҲͨʲô̳ԾܵõǣѪħʲôϵ
һѪħˣѪܵķɣҲѪطס˷ɣֻǣҲ˼Ĵۣڵܷӳʵֻ۷ʱڵĳɣǼͱ˵ʵѪû뵽Ѫħ֮ģʵȻˡ
ǣѪȻûзһݣֱȡһӣӣȻѪħ½ǧƪһɵĺɫǰɫ
۾ʱ³
Ѫȡɫӣͷ֮Ѫһɰɫâ˲ҰɢһţѪ֮ˣǵѪۣƬѪ죬תѪħ󷨣ܣ
ǰ׹⴫˳ȥѪħˣһѪۿ죬תѪħ󷨣̣ǹѪܣնڰ׹棬ͬһ˷Ѫͷۡ
һѪħʥҲ˵ϣѪħת£Զ֮һŮӣͬѪѪѪħһΨһͬǣŮӣѪħŮô֣ªޱȣѪҹ棬ŮӣȻҲѪѪȴһ־֮С
ŮӣѪΨһŮѪ죡
˿̣ѪҲգϵѪܷɢĿѪɨʱһ飬ΪоԼǲ˵ֻۣȴǰûʲôüģһ
ϴһ֮УоҪѪɻ󣬡ǸŮѪħϣʲôõֻ۴ͷ
̶Ƭ̣ǿŰɫӣͱ˺ɫӿ۹ѪԽԽ࣬ǺɫԽŨŨ۵ĵزʱѪ캰Ѫħ棡


1498 
Ѫħ棡
ǿѪ֮ɫѾŨɢĹâĪĵزڵѪǷڵǷڣ˷ܵ÷ڡ
Ѫ֮óָоֵ飬ˡ
ͻغܶǳضرǿǿѪʱ͸ˣᣬûзȻǽѹƣбĪٲܱƵĻ˭Ҳ֪
ǳϽҪģرǣļУԵĶͨĴεļУƺԵǿѪӡ
Ѫ췢˹Ѫɫֱ϶Ѫɫӱһ̣ǸѪŮӣһٶѪħʥѪ챾ˣص˵ϡ
ˣѪħ½ѪѪѪħˣȫˣеĽȻԣЩûпɳϿǰһٶѪħʥأԺ͵뵽ˡоɱ󡱡
оɱЧǰӣ֮ͬ
ѪɫӳϳɲǼ䣬ϻɱǣץסǸŮġʱЩš÷ġǣ͵ػعѪħʥɱȥ
սҲ֣ץѪ죬սȥץѪ죬Ƕˣ츳Ҳ͵㣬ȻƴһЩ֮ǵĶ֣
Ѫ죬ŭ
бۿսѪ죬Ҳ֪ɺϣ⣬Ҳûȥ룬ѪɫɢѪܣѾˡ
Ѿ׼硢ȵȣ׼һв⣬չ񹥻ǣѪ壬ûбܣֱûˡ
ûˣ
ɻŨŨǹɼУҲʧһ㣬ȻѪܣΪʲô
ߣʣǱߣѪ¶ЦݣΪûбɣ˵Ѫħ桱һУԳãɱսҪץŮЦƾǣò±񣡡
£ѪּһѪŨŨȴþ䲻ܽ÷ֺСܷġܵӰ죬ǿѪɫɢġ
ѪҲǼһöָŨŨѪ⽫Ѫ커סսһЦӣֱһңһڱ˿ֻһңɳȴ֪ؾǸͷܵһֻսֻ
ѾѪɢˣѪ󾪣Ѫ죬ȥѪħߣߵӣ
Ѫħߣ
һʣѪܶ˵ȫûʲôвԣֳܷܶ飬ܶ⣬Ѫħߡ֣룬ǲڡ֮Ĵڡ
սȵүүǰ㻹ӵˣ
ߣ
ѪһߣֻѪһɣѪŽѪֱӽս˰벽Ѫô˾ҪѪѭѪߵʱ򣬳ϱ㽫ߡһȥ
ȻѪѪѭ֮ʣϽġѪϣԱпռҫѪȴǶá
սһѽ˳󣬡ġʧЧѪ춢ųϣ۾ǿ־壬ҲڿѪ۾ղѪܽս񶼱˵ѪѪԼģңѪŽʱ򣬳üֶһ¡
˫۾ײʲô
ţǱѪȴһ㺰㲻ѪħôܶѪʧѪԶɢȥ佫¡
ѪûԼѾ˽֮ڴ󺰴ţûзɣѪֹڣ㡭Ѫָųϣ㣬㽫Ѫˣ
˵ڵġ
ѪȷʵˣȴʧǰѪħˣȴֶΣ㣬Ѫħ嵽ʲôϵ
ϸоڵļУüһɨ֣ڶǿѪɫֱɶץѪǾˣһ˲䣬Ѫ쿴ϾȻѪɫȥ
С
Ѫ쵹һͣգ۾βǰһĻô̵أǿһ
켴ѪϳЦݣȻ˰죬ǿŽ뵽ڵѪɫҲûбȻѪȻоԼѪɫϵ
Ѫɫ壬ǰЩϮѪܣҲӿѪɫͬʱǹɼһӾʧˣһɺܾûйġĸо
óϸɣһԥ㽫Ѫɫͽ֮ڣ
ܿأѪɢѪɫɰɫⲢû꣬ɫ֮ˣһ˲䣬Ѫоӵϵûˡ
˵Ѫ𾪣ڰɫˣʧˣʮϢĹ֮󣬳ϵĵ棬Ȼһ㾧״ĶѪɫ


1499 
ʲô
ϿŵڵһѪɫ״ʱԼҲŶǰѪ״ûг֣ǶоûУǣһǿŻѪħ½ļѪħ˵Ѫħ󷨼ѪܣͬǸѪɫ֮󣬾Ȼô״
һѪɫ״ȷʵССÿϸоҪǽǿѪɫ״ȡըӴѪħпֱӱըûˡ
ٻͷ룬ǿŰɫӷƷ׾ԲȴթѪҲ˵Ʒ汦һ汦ķˡ
ǳ֪Լ忰ȱȽϸ߽׵汦ǣǿ뽫汦ȫ£ôһ룬жһ
˼Ѫ˵ġѪħߡѪ˫۽ѪʱüĵĲǰȥһ̤ԱǸòѵѪħʥѪͻһף赹ڵء
ͻ¼˶û⣬ϣΪѪħǱ׷ɱƣ˵ԭ򣻵ǣ߹һѪħ˵ߣһѪħ˻赹ȥ赹ʮ֮û˻Ϊ⣡
˫ͣ˽ŲŸղŵĳÿһѪħ˵ص˲䣬ڵѪɫ״壬ԪҺһ
һΣɺϣʮΣǾͲɺˡ
˼תһȦһûбɱѪħˣʣѪħֻˣϰ˼⣬Ѫħ˵ڣʱ䣬ѪѪħоԼ޵еģԼƬ죬ټ͵ؿɱУ֮£ɶߣñʥ֮ʱʥҪѪ
ѪԳʩչѪħ󷨣
Ȼ
ûзӦ
߶ȻûзӦ
ѪˣʲôǳˣܵɣӦзӦŶԣڣôһ¶һɽͶ˴ȴһ˻ûС
֣̫ˡ
ѪҲ֪Ȼ׼츳ܣʩչһʽ似ʱϿ˵㣬Ѿûν츳ˡ

ѪûзӦùֻǿЦǿЦʥû츳ܣ˵ûоûѪħκβ㣬Ѫ㣡
һնźպܣնϡ
似ȷʵǿ󣬿ǣѪʩչ󣬵ʱɵˣšܡΪһ似ûѪڣǵڽѪܡ
ҵ츳أ츳ܡ
ûаϣͱɢˣϲʧǵѪ죬ԵѪħȫѣûзϻֱһȭǣЩѪħ˸оŨɱܵؿʼеʩչ似еʩչѪħ󷨣лؿС
Ǿͷ֣һйûѪ飬ѪħҲûã
ȷǵ츳ȷʵˣһ˵Ǳ֮ڵѪɫ״ˣһֱоõѪħ츳ܣˡܷġôȴûһչͨһ㶫ȻԷ
֪ôһ£óӵ˰Ѫħ츳ܵ
ǣʱĳϣһϲûУѪܵķֲ²ѪħǸйϵǶôߵĴڣϲֵֻ֪֪ԭ˺ǿǿؾﲼ֣ȻͿѪħ岼֡
ֵһ֣ʲôΣգ˭ҲرǣĿǰƿѪɫ״壬ֻҪѪħˣЩѪħ˵츳ܾͱˡ
ֲƿصȻǿȴóǣ
˼ʱЩûбѪħˣѾȫɵˣԳһ츳ܾʹڣ˭Ҳû츳ܾȻжʧһ졣
Ѫħû츳ܣ涼⣬ʲôȥ£
Ѫ˫۾֣ͣز뵽ģѪħ뵽һϵĴ˵Ǵ˵еǸ𣿡
ߵѪǰ˵ȥѪħߣ
ڳߵѪһ˲䣬Ѫ츳ܾûˣѪûа㷴ˣǰǸ˵˵ģһҪӡ
ѪħˣҪӣ
Ѫǰ·ϽѪþս˽ȥ߶ʱ϶Ѫ죬˵һϡ
ܿ죬Ѫħ⡣
Ѫħߣ濴һɽֻ࣬һʯţʯ֮⣬һڴӣѪѪ춼ͷߵӣ


1500 ˵еǸˣ
Ѫ츸Ůߵϣȴû
ֱ˾žŰʮһߵ֮ǿѪӣ
ˡ
ӡƮʮֺֻѪ֮ϣѪħߵʯſˣ濴ȥѪħյģʲôûУҿȥѪħ߻ǳش
Ҷ˳һۣý䱸̤ȥһ̤ȥľ˱仯ҰһϵһӦǽ˶ԷĻæתͷȥΪһ˵˶ԷĻ󣬾һˣᱻֿߣԼ˻ᱻƣ๥
תͷȥ䡢սǺúõظں棬Χδ仯һת˲׹ǰĿյǻþڣʵѪħ߾
óЩǣʵ𣬲ֻ̫һ
Ų㣬Ѫɫ
Ų㣿
֮ǰѪ츸ŮߵҲǾž֮ľԡšǷǳУһһεġšڸɺϣôɺһ𣬾;Բɺϣš棬Ī岻ɣ
ššֵĳϣžŲѪȴͻӿ˼У֮ǰѪֵļУҪŨǿٱѪʲô
ţ۾ޱȵأʣϸ֪ôֵģԭ򣬻Щͷԭ򣿡
ʱŲѪﴫѪ죬ιǱأ˺£
ѪħлصȻ˲֮УɳȴظоŨŨУЩڿвͺǧ˫۾עųϡ
ѪסѪ͹ȥڵأ˵峤˵˵еǸ˳ˡ
ʲô
һͬʱû£Ӱ˳ϵ˵ǰѪħˣöֲ߲࣬ݣֻǶͷرͻһʵ
Ѫ쿴ϡ
ѪħĿ⣬Ҳ۽ڳϣҲڴǣѪħȻûɢʲôǿϢ֪ǱѪǿ٣ΪڵѪؽӽڷڣߵĵȼ֣ǻ᲻ӦѪħ棿вԾ
мǸѪħ˳ܰѪħ츳ܣžȣΪѪħ峤ǰǰ峤ѪأҲǲ֪ιʶѪħĴ˵ģȻѪҲѪȷʵû츳ܣһ㶼ûӦ
˵
Ĵ˵٣½ͼڴ½ôĴ˵֤һ£˵ƾղģЩ࣬϶ʵġ
ѪħʲôĴ˵
ϷǳȤΪ²Ѫħйϵô˵᲻ἰ֣ûгѯʣΪѪħ˵̬Ⱥ֣˵ЩϹＶˣǱأ϶Ϊŭʲôԭ򣬶һѵټϳϿɱѪħôˡ
ǣѪϼһϾǴ˵еǸʱǵı飬𾪣ǲţ̶η壬ϲ
һ˵ǿѪħˣ¶˱飬϶ֳµĳ϶ܿԼϻ۾ֳʲôΪ֮£֪ͬζΣʱķŭ֪ͬﱻĵǵȵȡ
Լˣ֪Ѫħ˶Ǹ˵϶ǼΪģŻ¶飬ȻǼΪģ˵˵еǸ˶ǺҪ
ϷǳԼԲǸ˵еʲôˣǣѪħȴǴ˵еǸҪˣţͻðһƻˣǵǿԼðһ¡
Цɳȴޱ顢ɫѪȥͬʱ㼫תǰԴѪɫ״ĶԾѣȫѪҺתת
⣬ѹ磬ת׼ڶ֣Ϊһ壬ֻҪһԾϾͻĹûѪħһشңˮҲ׼ã
һǳϲѪǵĵϸԼûиǿѪɫ״ʲô᲻֮ǰһãܹѪص츳ܡ
ԣҪȫ׼
ϾǼðģŻƤ죬ȻҪСġ
Ѫؿųûжܣ۾ηϲ֮ɫ֣ڵѪʼٲ


1501 װ
䡭
ѪڴıƲ⣬ھٲ
ͨˮֻҪܹӾɸߴӵеҲڿֲǳϹţҪҲС鷳
ȻôǿѪصŰѪȴȻ⣬û¶һģһ֪ѪǶôزˡ
ңѪҺڼǿųѪصľ룬ԽԽҲϢ˲ٲ¡
ȻȣȴʾûУһ仰Ҳ˵˵ʲô֪˵Խ٣¶Խ٣ֳѹ޵ӣӰ죡
û취ЩѪħ˵ǱأҲ֪ǱչǽӱյøͿˣǱյøˣΨһõģϲ֮ɫļ
ʧããУ޾£ͻؿһǱʶУ϶ϣģģָܹķ
ȻҪܼ̣ҪǵǱʶǿҪȻһͷͰѵݻˣǾʲôûˣӦڳϣҪֳһʵѪҺӿܲסĻðƻƲѪħˣҪ˺ƤˣȻϲƴɱƭһƭ˽⵽ϢҲֵõģңڵļŨˡ
˵ǲ򵥵ģ˵еǸˣҲܹ򵥣
ԣ۴ķϴ˿̱Ҫװģʵ֧ŵ
Ѫؽ岽ˡ
ų츳ѪܵѪأЩطˣȻеϢЩҲǰ׼ǣѪػظо˳ϵƣƣľˣѪز֪Ϊ˷Ѫض׼ģѪֻڲͣ߶ʵƣĪǣľǴ˵е𣿡
һ뵽⣬ηŨˣ֮ӦģϲҲŨˡ
ѪصЩ飬϶η壿ΪʲôҪη壿һϲ˼ǧת뵽Ѫħ½滷һη壬Ϊ˵ǸֺܸߣϲΪ˵Ǹܹĳϣ
ھʲôϣҲͲ֪ˣ˸󵨵⣬ǾҪֵøǿһ㣬ĽҲ˺ƤƴɱѪħ½ĿģǴݻѪħĳԣһ˿һΥ
һӮˣǳϾͻЩѪħ˸ӼţǸ˵еˣ飬˳˳ˮˣɵǣǿǵȥأ
ǺѪػ֮ʱͣ˽ŲѪصѪħʣȴ˵£
Ҫж䣬ң˰ʮ㣡
䣬Сˡһ
ȴѪعˡ
ѪضˣĸѪħˣҲˡ
ԶȲ²Ǵ˵Ǹ˵Ѫأ峤ǹ£ȴӿǿҵĲŸɻ󣬡Ϊʲôǡ
Ѫ͵ضųϣɻŨľǸˣΪʲôҪߣɱ˶ѪħأǸѪħϣѪħ츳ܸһ¥һѪħϾɱӣ
Ѫ뵽Ѫ촫Ϣ뵽ѪħΪԽԽԾˣȻаѪħ츳ܵΪʲôóҪǸⲻǶһ𣿡
뵽ЩѪȻһ֮ǰϰ˵츳ܣ뵽˴˵Ȼ֮ϣûȥ룬ʱعɵࡣ
˹֮󣬲ʱ飬Ҳһ˿ȡѪ۾͵һƾҵ֧Ƭð˵еǸ𣿡
뷨ѪӲˣΪĺʵ̫ˣѪħŴĺ뽫϶Ѫħ£Ѫ˵һ˵߾衣
ѪѪħ֮߱ǰѪ˵֮;ҪǣԣѪظ֪ЩѪħ巢ıʣҲ֪ϵΪ
ֻǣѪԥˣʱľƣԲʺ˵ϴɱѪħˣϵע⣬õİ취ڲУϵж
ʲô취أѪ˼תн֣ʱһ룬ΣվҪһ֣ͻأѪ뵽һð취Ǹ˵еˣ϶֪Ѫħʲôģǡ
Ѫӻɣ취˵Ҳôһ䣬ѪظоȻӵƣڿͷڵأϾҪ˵
ʱѪ͵سȵȡ


1502 ˣ
ȵȡ
Ѫվû˵꣬ӶδתֱԪҺ۳ƣѪϣֱѪιȥ
ǣûнѪ
ιȥģѪѪ죡
˴֮ѪصѪħˣЩ⣬˵֮һ´Σ⣡
л
ѪæҪмȴǲ˵ֱӽʣµһˣѪصǰѪҺת£õڵѪɫ״
һ˲䣬Ͼ͸оһӴѪܣ룬ӿһѪɫ״Ѫܺø磬ȴʲôӦûУףˣѪħ츳ܱˡ
ʮϢҵʱ䣬ѪûѪӿڣӿڵѪܣҲһѪɫ״֮һӡ
ѪعڵϣȫסˣǣûѪΪʧȥ츳ܾң񣬷ѪصϣǸϲı顣
ˣˣ̫ˡ
ѪѾûŨŨβסƣϻû¶֮ɫֻһߣѪصĻȻѪصһѪȥ
ʵ˿̳ϵֲ֧ˡ֣֪ðɹһ룬⣬ЩѪħ˻ĽǸˡ
ȴӽ䱸СĲʻ괬ղѪͲ¶ڣзȻֻһ㣬Ѫ콫Ŀϵʱ˿˿ֱִʵߣ˶С
ûлңһ½ѪħߵĻ棬Ѫ򲻵ѵʱ򣬲ŮѪħߵӣϣ˲Ͳ²⵽ѪЩѪħˣĳЩһǱչأյһֽĹأһǿ϶Ͳ֪ԼѪħΪˡ
ԣԼѪħ飬Բ˵ϾڵһᣬֻҪѪжʲôҽ졣
Ѫ쾪֮£ȴվѪضţȻվȻûᣬֱӽˣ֪Ѫ쵱ȻҲˡ
Ѫ죬ǻ˵ѪûзҲ裬е˵ȥˣⲻ˿˿ʣˣǿ˵Ǿ仰ʵаѪص츳ܡ
ɹ˿ȻɢֻһƢͦΪѪǱĳ㣬ȥעڡᡱ֮ϡ
Ȼ׼Ҫǰ᲻ɹϾҪ֣ȡˣ
ңûϳϵĵڶ׼
ʮϢʱ䶼ûõϾͽʣĸѪħ˵ġ츳ܡˣʱΪֹѪѾ˻ˣȫСϺס
ɱǣ÷һѪħ½ĿѾɣϻһ״֪˵֪ѪؿеġˡǺηʥ
ѪѪħǼѣͣߵͷͣšˣѪħһڵˡȵһĻ۽ǻỨ
϶ǰ츳ô򵥣Ǳᶼôˣǿ϶õ࡭ʱһǳͷѪ˵ʲôޣү¶
俴ôãҲ˳ϵĴ㣬ȥһ͵ӣ˵İ¶ʲô¶Ų֪ǣѪһ֪
˵˵ˣ߰ɣ꣬ҲõǸõõġ
ллˣˣ롣
Ѫص˸˷ˣʵ˵ĻȫģɵĻΪѪǣȴô룬æߵͷվǰ·ȥķŲѪ
սں󣬶һϸӡ
ŲѪԽڼоԽŨһǿҵҪŲѪ˵ĸоȫóľѣ¶ҪŪô¶
ͬʱ޾һߴޱȣޱȵɽ壬зֿ߳һˣϣʧ⣬չôãΪʲôͻƣ׻ʲô
ʱһĶ£ߵף˵ˣʧˡ
ûϵѾΪ׼ˡǸϵ𣬡ȥһѪħ½ܹͻƵĶסǵˡ
һ仰ԽԽ˷ܡ
Щ֮㻹Ҫȥһ£һгϵնɱʬһ㶼٣𣿡
ǣס


1503 ϲ鷳

ǳ߽ŲѪĵһ㣬һƬҩٲݣоСܹʱϻһޱΪı飬һжȻ
ǰڳһ񿴵ûòݵӡ
Ѿ츳ܵѪصѪħˣǵ飬ɻֻΪǸҪȻôأ
ʵǲ֪װװǶôʹ࣬նɱ񶼻Ҫʹ࣬ˡѪܹٵͿˣҩ԰棬СѪܹСٵҩģ⣬ϻ֮Уضеı̸֥
Դˣϰ˼⣬ı̸֥ôѪأ
ЩѾ㹻óϾˣȵĻں棬ơյҪĴ󲿷ҩģµġյҪپʮζҩģѪһٶ֣ټϳͼڴ½ҩõҩģپʮζҲͲʮζˡ
ȻϾգǣյֵҲĴҪóȥǾԿ½޾ɱ¾Ʊȡǳɵɱ¾Ҫҡ
ȻЩǳʶģв٣ǳϲʶģʦûн̹µŲҲûǣ֪϶ǲĴڡ
棬᲻ܹΪ顯ĸҩƳҩģϴ⣬ǷڳĺۼǺ̵ģ֮ǰҲ˼ʱ䡢ҩĵȵԭóûȥǰƬҩ԰ӣϾգרĥơ
ôĺô̵֪ж࣬ѾŲѪչΪУȦѪҲû¥ݣڶһ㣬Ҳһȫյӣ·УܵõŲѪأڵļУһ㶼ûʧŨ˼¡
ͷһڳĥŵʱѪѪħѾ֣ϥΧ룬ÿѪħ˶³ͷ֮Ѫʮͷ֮ѪһѪѪǻֵƣдʡ
ϲ֪ʲôʲôû˵ֻǵȴţϢѪħͷϿգһѪ˵ˣ롣
ڶʲôֻô죬һϵе⣬˲ڳԺû˿ԥϱԾս˵
ĿǷԸ꣬һԾתѪҺԾ˵ڶ㣬յڶ㣬ǽµĶھ͹رˣѪصѪħҲûиţֵͨĿӣֳˡ
ûϸȥ˭֪ͨ᲻ʧҪʧˣѪǾ﷭ˣϻǻһۣһۣϿƷĲϣоǿĪĺʯͷ
ڼš
㣬Ĳ㣬㣡
ֱϵھŲʱ߲ͨͨûǰһ֣ϴڵھŲУĴȥȴʲôûпϲɿЦҲıס˰ɣ
ЩϵֿеļУĴ̽ҳһͨ·
ͬʱѪڼ˵ֻʣʮˣΪʮ֮󣬱ɣºˣˣҾܹԶػȥˡ
˵ȻģѪħȽһҪȴȻûƭǡ
ǵ츳ܣٸǸܣʱѪħ֣񷡭
ʱ̵ģɲֻΪˣǵǵ

Ѫħ˺εؿЦţһţоӿԶȥҺóϼðǵˣҪȻѪħ廹֪ǣѪħ˭ѪħôģѪħ½½ŲͬѪ¡
Ǿ䣬Ѫǣ֪鷳ˣڵھŲŴտʼţ̽Ѱţ˽ӵӣ͵ؾ쵽ԾƣߵڣҲͰӵʱ䣬Ȼӣûбһ
һüתߡӰΣûڣ֮⣬ҰһɲĿգʲôûС
󣬳ϼϡҡֱϾ񱼰ʱȫ񱼰ʱǱܵľ룬϶һֲֻ֣ǣϻǴڲԶڣ
ռ䣿
Ժ֣žŲѪ濴ŲѪϣһһСǰ⣬Ȼϣô죿


1504 龪һ
Ѿ϶ھŲ϶ռйϵڵĴﲻæ֪벻֪ûʲôϵ
Ǹ˵еˣ˭Ӧô߲ķϸ̾ţûһҪй˼ѪǵӣһĻһĻǾܿң򣬾ͲҰǵ츳ܣǵӣҪҵõѪĳ⣬ӦڵھŲ㣡
ϧڻڵھŲ㣬һ£һ꣬ЩѪħ˿϶Ҳİɡţɲʲôûе޿ռУϸü꣬ζڵأ
ռ䡱֣һڳԺʱϲڿ񱼣ϥǿ齻һѪ֮и򵽵Ŀռ֮ʲô
Ȼȳᳵ·ؽΪǸǧٻصĽʱȴûиЩϤĿռ֮ʲôûУֻǿտյһƬռһ
£ЩѰˣȻϵΪߵ壬ǣ֪ռ᲻ֱӽ񾳽磬ռﲻᣬ߳Ѫأ
ѾݳˡתľֻҪܹڶȹ٣ʱͨҵİ취ͨԻз츲ر仯
ֻڡյģޣ
ţͻ뵽ؾ֮УͷһĹӰ޵УٴеޣʲôûУ޵أļ¿ˮ¿޵£ֻʲôУ
ϵ˼ά˳ȥĿĵε֪ʱ䣬֪ռ䣬أԽԽû˼ά룬·˼άҲ˿գΪޡ
֪˶ãϻ绪ĵݽߵĹûһϢ
һѪϵ˷Ѿɻ󣬡ȥôˣôûгӦúܿĲŶ𣿡
ѵʲô⣿
ܣ
ǣһˣ⡭
ǵۣҲֽȻ֪Ѫħˣ˭֪ܲܿѪһģһʲôʧǿɾͲˡ
Ϊ˲ٺȥ䵱ѪħӵЦݣ˵үı£ܹҲ²ģҪõǶ͹ԹԵţ˵ү˿ͻƵһµľ磡
þôһ˵ѪƺҲҵ˴𰸣ԣ˿϶Ѫħ˸ϽͲѡ
ھŲС
ϸ֪Ѿһ£Ǹģ
ͻأࡱһ졣
Ȼѣ˼άлع飬һ亹ԳʵҪ㺹ˮȷʵһ¶ǣղŵ龰ʵ̫Σˡ
˼άޣѲԶôƮȥ˼άͻ޵һ֣ԼҲڣǶôǿ˵ҲֻܳΪǸսƷɵҩһࡣ
ãѹˡ
ʱ򣬳ϷǳлǹɼУǸࡱڼеĳ֮£淢ģ˵ֻһ龪Ͻ䱸ˣѪ棬ʵ̫ΣˣɱΡ
ϸо˼άƮУĳջֻڻûз֣һ󣬳ϽעڼϣڵļУѾŨԸӵĵط
һ⣬⣬Ҷлл㣬ȻҲ֪ʲộǾ̰ɡϲѹƣȫǰǿš顱һ
֣ŲѪѣϿΧһƬޣȻʵһ㣬˷ӿ֮ǰôҲڣҲ
ţŹκһϸڣһ˿˿ĸо
Ѫҡ䡢ѪǶˣѪɻ˵ʲôѪħôᶯأ
ԥ˵˵ˣ϶үͻˡ
ͻˣ
ѪѪɻδʧȴҲֻôɣʱһɴӿѪǸ˳ȥ֮ͣս񶼵ֵסսϣǳء
ʲô£ѪħôὫ׳أѪشţѪħԼҲ֪ʲô
켴Ѫħ뿪˵档
һĻѪѪеɻŨﲻ˵Уƺû˵Ѫħ氡˵Ѫħ뿪ôˣ
ȴţϣǧܳ£Բܣ
˿̵ĳϣҲ𾪲ѣǸڣֱײͬʱͷϵĵ߲ŵµĵײ


1505 ѪħѹĴ
޿ռ伷˹ڼһɲǣͻظʲôҪҪ
ǣȳϽץסϸϸײӭڣһҪײǽײͷѪĸо
ţһײû
ˮһ͸˳ϵ塣
ɳʵǲףھŲѪ֮Уôַʽˡ
ԽԽѪɣǹɼȷʵ࣬һڳС
˵ʵҲƬ֮¶ѪػûдѪħصɢȥͿѪħʧǰ
Ѫôǰ¶۾ϸһѪħȷʵûˣеģֻǳȻӰ
ҲѪħʧ˲䣬Ѫħ𶯵ģǡѪħǰڵλã棬ƺʲôҪ
ȴûиоһ㣬˿̵ĳϣɻѣŨŨķŭѪȫײ֮󣬼оʧˣȡ֮ģδıС
ȻȫײѪȴˣǰˮײһ֪ܵȥˡ
ˮûˣҲˣǣѪ棬ôҩкʯͷȵȱЩûҲˣǣҪģƳٵġѪܹҲûˣˮΣ֮ǰܹð˭֪ѪʲôʱΪһεļðװװֵ̫ˣΪȥ֮󣬾Ƴٵ̷ôͱأ
䣡
Ѫħ֮ǰĵطͻȻһѪĺƥֱϮϣŭŵĳϣֱӳһȭһȭȭ
ȭǳ֮ǰһֱ׼Ѫص˷
飡
Ϯɢһ룬ʣµϮѪʧȥ츳ܵѪħˣನײһߣս䣬һֹһսʽɱȥ
һףѾ˫ȭ籩ġȭʣµɢˣδס֣ȥ
սĹҲڵϣҡεѪħߣܲսһңʼˣŽĽҲ͸ȥڳϼȥʱ洫һס֣
Ҫҵס֣
ϻһ䣬ȡڵԪҺˮȵȭ£ˮִ꣬ᣬȫһᣡ
˵᣿򣡡
ϹͣʱѾѪʧòѪܹ˹ѪһѪѹ˵Ĳ壬϶Ҳǣһáѹþˣʵ󽵣ô˻ᣬ֪ᷢʲôأ
ټսȴȫɢâǡǳģʵʻɢĹâս¡
䣡
ݣž޴ʯ֮ѪħߣһңûˣѪħڵɽ壬ԼԱߵɽ壬ȫ˳űΪһƬޡ
ѪħҲڶҡ
Ҫתĳϣ״ҲȻõеս񣬹ȻӦòսļޣ
УһǱӰǰ߰ѪһӵĴ󺺣ԱߣһˮӰˮ꣬ǵѪΪۡ
󺺿սŵսֿ˿սѿ˵ս񣿡
ʶүү
үүüӲʶ㣬ʶǸս
үүǰӣ򣡡
󺺱ɫͣͣͣսδͣʵ廯Ĺâɢ˵ţ̵ģ϶һս񣬾һս񣬼ӣҲңҪޱȣӻ㲻ɣ
սҪ
㣬Ҫˮ󣬿һˮ꣬ٿˮ긹ǵѪɾˮʲôģˣ
ս񣬵һ¡
˵仰æֹסսս˴һۣ۾սδûȥᣬֻˮ꣬ˮ꿴Ŵ󺺣Ѫѣϲʵô
ģǸ
Ҫߵ˵ȴ͵ɲס˳תͷϣ˵ˮʲС˭ʥôͣĵӣ
ˮ⣬ǼѪһӾƽЩŤ󺺺ûпԹԵ˵ǲԾղȭͷ֮Уǿһ֮㲻ܽŶԣӦˮ
ס죬ųϣСӣ˭
仰Ӧ㣡ʲô顣


1506 ˡ
󺺽´һ޵Ǹ˲ţСӣ֪˭𣿡
ϴ
˵ˣҵĵӣˮʲ̲ʲôңһ̵ʱΪ󺺶һ£˵Ǻǿǿľǿߣ
ֱӽ£Ϊҵ£
⣬ЦСӣҪ£ֻܲ𡣡
𣿡
ϻһ
ϴ˴󺺵Ļˮ񣡡
˵롰ʲʱͷֱ𲻳ټ֮ǰˮ꣬ΪˮԼֵ˹ǣͻˡˮ񡱡
ֱ֣
һ𾪣꣬ˮʲԳ˵ˡҲһΪˮεʶиӦģֱ˵˳
ˣ
Ȼˣȳϵ𾪶ˣˮ꣬ˮʲûиҿЦɣСʵȷʵҪΪ߳٣ܹնɱܺͰƴһƴҲд˰ɣ
ˮʲ˵ֻҡҡͷ
۾ɵûԲģ

찡ôˣˮʲһ䡰ˡŪˣϻǵ˵ڿԸң˭𣿡
̧ͷųϣСӣǰװӲ֪ˮʲʲôǣӸ㣬ҪҲһ׾ٵ£ǸսҲȲ

ˮʲңСӵ׶ʲô
ֻ֣
˵ȴš桱֣֪棬ǸΣͻͷϬĿֱϣӱ죬ССʥ˵ʸ𣿡
ˡ
ˮʲŻҪΪ򱧲ƽķ촽ͻ䶯ûɷߵɫȴ͵ش䣬Щ֣̿ȷٿʱ۾ϬѾˣȴʵˮʲûƭҰɣ
ƭʲô
ֲãֲáһ˵˼飬Գ˵ղǵȷһᣬΪǸ£ԣŻ֡
ⷬ˵ЩͣȻǲϰ߸˽ͣǣˮʲղŶ˵ģʹòͣ˵סˣˮʲսһۣȭԳ˵ǸǺڡ
ȷжϱ˵һ¡
ʲô𣿡
̬Ա֮ǰ˲٣ʳ˵ǲ֪ղˮʲ˵ʲôҲ㣬Ĳʺϣûһôģ֪ʱͻʲô֪ˡ
֪ǵһ࣬϶ĻشʵЩѾûǰˣ˵飬Ҳ̫ˡ
˵Ĳ
Ŷ
ղҾɣ
һܣ˵ǵġ
Ǳأ
ֱӡЩϲŲأֱŷֻ˵ϣʲôûУҪԺٱ֮
С
϶ȻܾٶҪǻǰһ˹ȥڣңֻε˵ȷʵûʲôö
ɣһ
˵˵
һ걣ڣ
У
ҲǹϾܾЩɻ˵һʱ䣬˵㲻ʲôɣˮҲԱȰţ˵ûңڴߣܵõٺô
ˮʲʱ䲻ʱ⣬ұ뾡ȥһˣһ֪ﵽôˣңҪﵢþˣǸ˾ͻ֪ˣҪǣߵĻ鷳ǡ
Ļûм˵ȥˮʲˣˮʲһ£˵淢£ǧ嶯Ķ֣еʱ䣬ҽ飬ʱҲߡ
һĳĬκ󣬵˵ͷ
Ͽ⣬Ҳ֪Ҫһڣǲܵˣֳ˵㼸⣬Ϊѡ
ã
ꣿ
תͷˮʲ۵ɻˮʲ˵һЩ㣬˭Ҳǲ󣬿˿Ѫ׿켴Գ˵ܼ򵥣ڣ꣬Ϊ꣡壬ء
Ϊóϸף˵úϸ꣬˵깥֮ϽЩȫӡԺ֮ʵڣԲض𣿱ѹѪ


1507 ڿռ
ϵĵڶ⣬ɫȻ䣬۾ҫĳһֹâضųϣڲ̽ųϵӣҪѪħǷڳϵڡ
ʮӺ󣬷йâʧȴǲŵʵ˵ڣ
ԭѪȷʵҵڣҲ
Ͽ϶Ļش÷ɫˣڣǺû˵ǣôһʣͱʾž뷨ڿռڣҲ˵Ƿǿн壿ô·أ
֪ǿнģˮף
κ󣬷˵ֻһ飬ܸоϾڣӦþͻа취
ȥ룿
⣬˵壬ıأܶ£磬д﹦ܣ档
ʲô
ǽѪħ֮󣬳ϵһδ󾪣ϲ˼룬ϲ󵨵ȥ룬й뷨ȴҲû濪һռ仰ĳԳ˵һСɳȴǺ£Ȼ죬ˣҺö඼뷨ȴѾˡ
һ֮ԴԴغ濪ٳĿռ䣬ҲܴغܶණϽڿռ䣬ϸϽо˵ģȫһֶؼ֪ڿռļֵǶôش
Ҳһ㶵ţս۾ֻ֮ɫʲô˵ͦʱ󣬶һ£ڿռ俪ٵ㹻ǿ󣬲Բطҩܲػ
ػ
ͷأܲصأǳزԡ񷡪򡪡
۾͵˲˫оʮǳ˸Ѿˣǣ¡صڳԺʶرһ仰صأǳز
仰Գϵĳﵽ۷֮֮󣬲Żع񣬿ŷ˷۾ĳȶЦأ
֣
üˣǲ֪ǲ˵ҡҡͷҲûȥ׷ʣȻֻ˵˼仰ȴоЩǱأһıأ
Ѫħ½һʲôĴڣҸо½Щһ
ҧгݵ˵
һ½ϼ𾪣֮ǰǸڿռ䣬Ϻܿͽˣ̶뵽ĪסôЩѪħô¶Ǹ˵
Ҫʵ𣿡
˵Щ֮ɫϿ÷ȻкܶҪʣ֮ʲôռ羿һղŵʣܶܶ࡭
󣬳ҡҡͷ˵һʱˣȻ֪ˣҡͷһȭûǿ϶мĻᣬлľ֮ˣע㣬ʵң֪ˣ϶ܷŭ㱨𣬶Сġ
ллѡ
˵лҡ˵ս͵غٶȣеĶתͷˮʲˮʲ˵ǵǰӦҵ¡ͷ˵أ
أ
켴ֱѪ죬ٶȿޱȣϼ״ھǽߡҡֱϾռѭΡ߽Ҳ׷Ϸоٶô죬ʲô似ԭ򣬶Ǵƾʵ
ת֮䣬Сϡ
Ͽ۾գһ£ҪķҪ˺ѿռ䣬뷨ȥʲôֻţڴѪ֮ʱһĹâȻѪ졣
ʱѪζ
ϾʮǳתɣҲֻ̫ϡֻ֣˺ֽƬһ˺Ѫ죬̶Ѫ챻˺һѷ죬ʧڳϵ۾
ţѷʧ
ûг֣˺ϡüͷýȴȻϣѷֵʱȻ̣Ҳǧ֮һϢʱ䣬ǣѾһӴĿռк
Ͼǳɿռ֮ȥ˲ִϺȭкĿռ֮ƣһɲǼ䣬ռ͵رֱϣֱӱ棬ǣҪǳڵϣҳһ׵ĿӶ
ңռ׷ϣ
˺ѷ죬ֱСƣǿؿڴ𶯣ӶྭѾռˣסӣȴôҲͲסͣ
ͻأ뵽ǿǳ뵽˾˵Ļ


1508 
˵һǳܴܴаϴô󣬶Ǻ飬Ϻ뵽նǸ˵кܶ½Ѿֵģδֵġ
ʱϾ룬ǳܶ࣬½ܶ࣬ǲһǳʹһ½
ʱ򣬳ģЩǰϴôǳĦͱôһʯͷ
˵Ħ֮Ӵ
ʱ˿̣ϾҪǿĦ֮ܣ赲סӵƣ켴ٷǧһգۼѷ͸Ŀռʵ̫Ӵˣ󵽳ϲֹͣΣͲܽзֻĵز
Ѿǧһһк罭ӾһŰǣû˷ɢȥɢڳϵƲ˿ɼ룬ֻ룬Ǵ롣
ֻɲ֮䣬Ͼ˽ʮɢھۣһԶ۳ʮǳֻʹˣǽǱˣ
ɢȥҲܣԪҺϢԴԴϣý֮ʱȻؾδпݽߵ󣬵Ϊ̫ԭ򣬸òųϷѶľ
ȻڳԵǣҪõĿռֲʹǳϿкʮȥ׹ƣôһ㣬ͣʮǧôԶ
أϾҪˮȵγ㣬ͷճ֣ͱˣжԼ˵Ҫ죬Ѫħ½͸¶ĿռӲסʲôȥ죿
һ֮£սȻڵƣ
ֹֻͣǲͣؿӿʮһʮŲĶŲ
ƺҲһСɣǵۣеķʽĦ
ȷʵϣĦˣϵ½ٶȣԽԽǣȸܵĦܵģǳԼĦͬʱȻ͸֮룬ֱʴڳϵϡ
⻹ֻһ
ķȡʹóϵѪ˹ȱĸоȻԪҺȵ壬Ӱ죬ȴȻܽȫȱӰ쵽ѪҺѪȼգ㿴ƾֹȴת˼֮
ϵٶȼˣǹɿռٶȿûм˵ռҲ롢Ħȵʧһ󲿷ʧȴһС֣ʣµĶԳϣв
Ȼ򣬳ϻûжһҲһ־Ľ
ûȭҲûпХХҪĵҲ˳ϵϣڳϵٳɼ״⣬ʹĦܱøǿ
Ϣ䣬໹ϢռҪײˡ˫ü罣һԿʧսȴעųɢս⣬ˮʲѪڷڣе㼤
˿̵ĳ޹أϵѾȡһٲȱǹͷอȱĸоó𾪵ǣҲˡ
ƣδȻ𣬳ϸɴž񻭡ġһң˫بź䷢ĹâΪռΪģûҪ죬ڵڶϢռϮˡ
ͬһ˲䣬׹֮ͣסǧ֮һϢԥûУϾͷȥԼײռǸ˲ٵģ״ɵַ˱仯Сһ˲ѾС
䣡
ռײĵطһɢȥ֮ȫΪޣѪħ½ڲѪеĺˮֱһޡ
ֻ˿ռô֮һգۣһСֿռͱռѹײȥ޿裻ս״Ҫɱȥûջȥˮʲ˵⣬˲Ҫȥϣ
㡪
սͷŭӣת˲䣬ȴջ˹ӣҲջ˽ȴûзɣȻ֪ԼǹѨĶ֣ǣʲôΣգƴҲҪȥնһ£Ƿɶ˻
ʵˮʲȾսϵ˵ϣڳϣҲ˵׷ɱ˿Ѿ½ԡƣҪĺˮʲ֣ųϡ
ϻھۼܲˣȴ۵һ̣ٲͲˣɾʱϵŴһ


1509 ȭ
һ
ģһĴָСӣؾǴظͷڵģʵ廯Ĵءӵȵ۶ɣһǰδаʡ
͸й
֮пʼӿȫѪ⡢ͷǾͬҪϢˣõ˴紺紵̱أ︴ա
ֻڳϣ帴յģѪȵȣԺгֵĸ򣬵ӿ֮ʱϾ͸оܶණӿԺɵȥϸʱȴʲôҲš
Σ֮ʱӿô
ۣۡ
ӣȡ
⣬ʵʡ

Ψ
һĸʶϵһΣؿԼͺ񿴵Ѫôһ𣬶һһĹ㡣
ɢĹâͳϼʵ廯ɢĹâһûôŨų⵽ĸԽ࣬ǹ㣬ҲԽԽࡣ
һ˲䣬ֺһꡣ
ѾЩһ飬ֻһ飬ڵĹ㣬ѾܼϷǣʤֲڳϵÿһѪ
˿̣أһǧɡ
ԥϾۼڵ㣬Щ㣬Ұܱȴûоܾϵٻȫϵȭͷ۶ȥ
˲䣬ȭͷɢŨŨâս۾ȣǹâо㻹ڷӿۣϺ
Ҫ죬ȭΪȭ
䣡
һײ
һأûײɢȥΪռѾһȭɢˣǣظоˣѪħ½Ѫ죬΢΢һҡ
ûмѪ죬ĦܣͣסԼӣȥ׷ɢĿռ
ϲҪռ𣬶Ҫռһƿռôǿ󣬳ԺҪ죬ǿռֻӴ󵽺ֵز
ң½ġ족ԱѪħ½ġ족ǿ࣡
ҪռռооԾҵ֮Уɵ֣ռ֮У󱻳ɽڡ
ռҲûдָװ˷Ƿ֮󣬶ڿռѾ˴⣬˿̣ȻûҪڿռ俪ںη
ԣϰǰռ뵤֮ڣԪҺ󣬿ռͱ棬ҪǸճĿռϿɲҷڵռɢ֮Ѿ󽵵ˣȻռĲٳɷ֣ҲųһǡȭɱϾǿռźܴá
˴ӵʱ䣬ϽռȫŽ˵棬ȻͣڿУԼ̽棬ȴȭ֮ǰܼڹͷϡ
ǿӣӲɣӴ֮ͻԪҺȡã϶õ뷨ֻɣΪЩ㣬ŪģƬʵ廯Ĵأ֪Ҫֳ㣬˵һСˡ
ϿؿģĴָСӣֻСָǰˣ˵ĴָСָûʧ٣Ҫǻ뷿ӣǾһֲĸ
ôࣿ
üüԭ򣬲ӵģһҪ⣬ҵжٽǰÿһ϶ܹŸоó
һΣϸо
һΪƷױˣǣˣ˭֪Щж٣
ϸҿ϶һԳһڽһڽʲôԼЩˡ
ֻǣϸоһε̫ˣҲ̫ˣΪҪͻһڽҪõĻۣǸһʵͻƣڣһӾͻˣ˲١
ϲûлϲҪģǱ˵˵ĸȥ⣬ȥ򣬾ˮһȥ򣬵ǣȴܽ˵ĵԼģ
ҪģԼǿӣҲҪԼӲУ
滹гϵС˼ǰƴɱз˵Щ֪Ķö࣬ԣϲЩͷڽ֮ڹͷ
ȫ̳֮ǳϣǹͷ
¶֮ȥһθĦܣɣĦܣֹֻ𣿰ˮӦֹķ棬Ǵٽ˵ĻѲĦܣܹӿٶ𣿡
ֱصϺ󣬳ҲûаͷϵǶԽĦս֮УЩüĿԶһϢѪħˣЦˡ


1510 䣿ң
ѪѪħˣ֮ǰһʣȫɵˣ֪ʲô£ǣԻ۾ַųŨŨľϲ֮⡣
ʲôѪħûˣ˵ϾǴ˵˭˵ѪħأѪħ½ˣ붯ͶûʲôˣѪħΪʲôˣֹʲô¶ûǸŵҲ˴ֱ˸ˣǹɿռҲ˸ˡ
ôǿˣ⣬˭
ң˵ɣɱǵǿ̫ˣѪħǰ츳ֻΪʵ̵Ŀǿռ
ǺѪħ˿󣬸Ͻòӣ˵ϣų˵ˣϲ˳ɹͻƣףͬ٣ͬԣ
ͬ٣ͬԣ춼пοغأôͬ٣£ͬԣһ˵У͸ޱȵţһ˿ġ
Ѫ仰Ѫħ˵ޱȵˣֻ˲Ÿô֪سҪӸ⣬᲻ำһǡѪظǿͷ˵Сд˵öԣǰʲô䡭Ѫغ˵һЩԼ羴ԼҳϵĻǣҲǳû˵ʲôû˵άʵ벻ʲôôʶֻܷȥ˵Щ
˵ôĻȻΪ˼Ѫħ˵ǰװȷʵǹɺĻһֲؼţڿռ䣬صز¡
ҪأҪ±Լģǲܲأܷڿռ䣡
뵽ڿռ䣬ϾһɼǿҸоͺʮɽѣԼܹһʮļڿռ£λ
ڳϽõֺҪװþ䶼Щ벻ףԭϵĴҲǼðɹ֮󣬾ǵʲô˵֮󣬾͸Ѫһľϲ
ȻϲǵѪġ
ǣڳ߹ȥʱ򣬿Ѫ۾óһͼڴ½ϣЩͼͼϣ˿СʱһģһǶϣе˼
֮󣬾һͷǾҪѪǻȥҪǱǿһ㣬ΪֻϲܸõǵϣȥԸǸĴ˵еˡ
Ѫħøǿˣ᲻в½ȴôˣֻҪǼȥǿ϶½Ϻɣ˿ѪȥɱѪ죬Ѫؿ϶üͷһ£ֱӾͻȥѪɱˣԼֱϵ˶ɱǲҪȥȻͻˡ
ңѪħ˻֪Ѫħ½½ͨ飬Ҳ֪⣬ϻȡִʩ֮أ
һĻҲͲѪǸ˵ˣȻһӾ¶ˣϲں֪˵ʲôƲƲֵˣǲʲôϵ֪˵ģкܶ෽ʽͨѪ֪
ϵƻСƻȴһǳҪǰᣬǾǱǿֻǿˣǵܸϡ
µĳϣ츳Ѫٻǣû
ΰأ
Ŀǰ뵽ģֻмװȥʱˣվǰ˵ҪõĶڲܸǡ
ȻѪȻˣЩ벻ףѪػػصˣΪʲôǴ˵˵˻𣿶ҡ
ߣ
һߣѪֱӵ˳ȥڵϣѪѣѪؾˣһֻ̤֮ţĸ˸ɵˣҲɵûзŭΪǲҷŭ
˵ҪʲôҪ𣿴˵Ǵ˵󣬻ʵվǰҴ󣿡
Ȼ˴˴󡣡
ѴɻѹȻûȫ͸ǣˣǰ˵ү֪ôϼһȻ˵Ļȥˡ
˵ţǰȥɱ䣬ֱϮѪأȫȫҪȡѪصѪħȫֻˣæͷģ
С䣬ɡ
үչģȫҪ𣿡
ͻôϻһ߰˶ȣɫ˻˵ΪôķϣҲһ͡
ллˣллˡ
Ҳ룬֮һõΪǵõĸ࣬øǿ仰˵ǼѪħѾǸ˻ˣǶõѪأ۾ҲŨŨ˷ܣھΡ
ʱϼ͸ȥ


1511 һѪ˿йϵ
Ѫ֮ǰż֮˵ġǼ֣ϿûǣǴѪħһӣֻôһȻҪһʵˡ
ĿǰϻǣҪǻָǸܵŨŨǻǱȽ׵ġ
һӿѪѪħ˵ڣǾľϲлˣҲ˷ţҸоģһжġ
Ѫħ˶ԳǸŷˡ
ŲͣͷѪأ۾߳ȥҪǴϻܣ֮ǰѪħɽѾûˣеֻɽȣԴˣϲǣûˣһǣȻ֮ûдԪеǡ
Ѫħɽ֮ǰһ£ԶѪ츸Ůǻأϸ˾һɫǰѪŪѣѪ۾һͿ˳ϣԥأɱһ˫ѪѪ硣
üӿֻ۲û¶ѪǱһûѪȴԴԴȻЩѪ䲻ϣѪ챻ɵˣڵ
ͻأѪһҽУ˫ۣȴһ˫۾ϹˣϹ˲һѪû֮ǰЩѪһƫ뿪ȥǲϵɢɢ
ȵóüĴʱֻʣһѪ˿Ѫ˿ϸоƣ켴Ѫ˿üģڵֻۣȹǳ벻ͨġ
ۺʹѪ죬˵棬ǡ
㾹Ȼҹү
һն£Ѫ첻ڣͬʧģһߵѪ죬նˣֶԳ˵үôãȴ˲ʶô罫ȫɱ˵ˡ
ǲǵ˼
Ѫǻˣ̿ޱȣϲٸǶŭңȻ˵ǺôǸõõģҲˡ
˵꣬ϼԪҺһɽƽɽԪˮԪȵȣڳϵļƻȺɽҲǶԴǸ˵һ֡
ӣǰӻֺɽ壬ѪħҲ֣Ѫǵ𾪣˵úô棬˭Ҫ̤һ
󣬳ϴϾս˳ȥһ߳ǣЦݣʵô죿
ȥѹѺɽѪħ˸ѹԼˣˣٰϴ϶Ծ˵Էһϻ仭һܷģܷʱϵǱٵѪɫ壬
ˣսʵϴأ
һЦѪй˵ȥϼһｫѪħʷǸ˵һ峤
ˣСһ˵ķԸ¡
ѪϽģսѪѪħߣ˵үԸˣһ峤Ҫĸ
ǣˣһô¡
սѾתˣѪѪħеĴΪˣκ뷨ûˣϽ£һ֮󣬱ѪħǸ˵
ڶ죬Ѫվڳǰ˵ѪħĴ˵˵žǣѪħ츳ģһ죬˻Ѫħ壬ܹ⴦ǵܹѪħھŲ㣬õĶٸǿ츳ܣ̤֮;ȥһµأ֤˵ķܹǵ츳ܣ⣬˵л˵ԲҶңÿһ궼ҪѪ
ֲϣԭ˵ӣˣ᣿ɫȴЩأ̤֮;˭˭ֵֻزʲôĿģ
ԺﲻɸֳˮеѪȲɱ뵽ѪɫѪħ츳ܣӳأ²Ѫɫֵĺܶԭ򣬱˲ѪħѪѪʯĹͷʱļеȵȡ
֮⣬Ϊ϶Ĳ²⣬ؾָʱѪ࣬ѪǿǳѪħĸԭ򣬡Ѫħ壬йϵҪȻѪܵĲһҲ̫ɺˣΪԵң׾٣ȴҷ̣е׼˼ѡ
뵽ִԺȡһЩ䣬Գ˵һ쳣ŭͬʱҲֵ֪ԵڿռͨЩ󣬿϶ס
һȥһҪϵζǣЩʿԸߵıߣԽǷϴ޵ȵأ֮ʵЩΣա
ôǿ˵ģұĿᶨⷬ˼ѹ£Ҫ£ҪǱǿԴѪ֡


1512 
ڿٳѪأϻԼѪĳÿһĻŹûаͷ֪õʲôط
벻ֻʵˣѪǧѪħԸپһƿѪһͨ
취ͲУȲ˵ͨܲѪԭѪܵĹܣʹͻʹʮѪħΪѪħˣǳҲУǼʮʬ壬֪·ͨ
ԹԪڤΪ壬ɽҲʱƣҶѪҲ޼£ţ˶ְ취ȻС
ֻ󷨡ҩǿѪɫ¹ˡϸϸ˼⼸ַã󷨣ܣڼʱ֮ڣӵŴҩӵŨŨӣϣвٵĹãڷһЩҪһˣ⣬ǸѪɫ壬Ѫɫܹ츳ܣӦܹٴθŶԡ
˼·ϱһһʵʵͬʱѪȫѼѪħ½ҩϵȵһпõĶͷϲΪѪħ½ҵĹͷ²Ѫħ½йϵĻ
óϾϲǣѪħ½ҩ֮ضˣвƷҲƵҩҩϾеЩϡҩΪ̾ѡ
ʱ÷ɿ졣
תۼȥ첻߲ݵĴۣϸѪħ˵壬ƶһ󷨣ܹѪħʱ޿̲еԪתʵҲӣֻھԪĻϣһģУҪһԪתѪħܹʹõһľһǧѪħ˵ѪŪϽΪ󡱡
һ£ϽѪħ½ҩģȫһ飬ԵΪģʮҩΪƳˡ⣬ҲԸ˳
ٰ£ϽҩϣʱܹɸѪصˣ⣻ĥЩҪͷѰҡʱˣͶɽļǧѪħˣϵһߣйصɱѪħȵȣչѪȫϣңΪ˷£ϵʵֶָΡ
󣬳ϻ˵ˡ鵤ĵЩΪ飬ΪҪԵʲô¶ڳϱ֤֮˵˳
Ҫ鵤Ҳǿϣ뵽ʱ龰ͻȻ⣬Ȼô鶼Ѫħ֮أѪū֮飬ҲӦܹ
ȻֶΣܹѪħ˺ߣȫģϵļƻǣѪħǻ¶ѪħԲܷͷ˷ӣǷӣҪֹٹ̣䵱һϵ
š鵤Ϊοصʦͽһµʱ䣬ƳһȫµĵҩֱΪЧʵ󣬳ʵѪħˣЩöģԼʲôˣٵģҲڼ֮ص¶
ʱʦͽҹơѪħ½еѪħˣӵģȫˡű
һ󹤳֮󣬳Ѿʮˣ
ϻδʼԡ¹ҪѰҳһʵķģΪ˿ѪѪħ˵ģϽѪħߣֱӽǴΣȻڲ󷨣ڽ棬Ѫ֮󣬸оӿڣоǿΪǳǵ˷ܲѣԳϵϵԸ֮ء
ӽǿԳȥˣѪħϣҪѪħȫԱǾǿսҿĳɼɼõģٸĺô츳ܡ
ǣˡ
Ѫħ߳ѪħߣҪǷ֮ǰϿ϶߳еѪħˣѪˡ֮ǳҲûʲô˵ˡ
ңϻ˵еġ̤֮;ѪǸûа㻳ɣƴɳϽ
֮㡣
ͷڡʱ䣬һ̷ġ̷ġ롰ġһǵһģһס
ҵˡ̷ġȴЩ


1513 ٷģ
̷ġҵˣǳȴ˳
Ϸԭ򣬻ڿ棬֮ǰǡ󡱣ǡǳԼĥģܹȫƣѪħƵؽԪȥҲǵԶȥֻǿһĸ߶ȡ
ǡʵϳԼҪ󣬵ǶѪħ˵ͽͱˣ⡰ҲΪԼҪõġṩ˲˼·
ЩѪ֪ģ
̷ġȴڳ϶û׵ġпơ̷ġܣ⣬̷ġһٷġе٣̲ľ֮٣ɽʯ֮٣ħޡ֮٣
Ϲһ£ҪٷġڵľǿȣҲһ¶⣬ÿǡٷġЧʱ䡢ǿȵȵȡ
ʵڲеĻˣҲѾˡţʱȥáˣ͵뵽ġ
ȻһͷĿħ֮٣һ֮ٵķģʱöԸǸ˵еˡ
ϴ⣬ħ֮ٵЧʱ⣬ȴǺܺýֻҪǣҪٿ鿼ǵʵʵߵĲܵãҲһɡ
˰ʱʵ飬ڳܽٷġ֮󣬳Ͻһж츳ٸǵ⣬ϡۿŵ֮ڵѪɫ壬Ѫħʵ顣
ȻÿһʵĽǰᣬᡭ
ҲȴǿѪɫûʶԹܽϳȥڻܣңѪɫĹޣҲˣȰСţСδҵСͽѪɫССѪɫ壬϶绢
С˵⣬ûȥ룬ЩִŵΪС
ӣһһȥˣϹƼͷϵûд꣬ȴ߲ˣһ죬ϸոʵ飬ְһѪħ˵壬ЩգתѪתһ¡
һתͻѪɫ徹ǳȥϻЩУȴ֣ոձ츳ܵѪħˣ츳ܡ
ϸ˻ˣû뵽˼򵥡
˳תǰ᣻ת³Ǹ衣ѪħнвãҪѪħ߲óɷɱ֮أѪħѪħ½Ϊɱ֮ء
þһб죬󷨡ҩȵȣѪħɽǣһܶȫĳɱУңѪħǾŲѪٴγ֣ȻѪħԭȵǸѪħǳϴģϿǰһģһʵѾȫһɱ
֮ǰѹĵطҲһ壬ȫŨŨ
󣬳ҪѪħ½ĵͼɳ̾º󣬾ս񣬻ϡصǣԼѪħ嶼æµȫ֮Ѫʮط֮ж
ԼѪħϲá
һ֮󣬲ϣϢ󣬻ѪصˣٴԣȡѪص˵ͷ֮ѪѪħ˿ţǵ棬ٷ󷨽ϰúãţϻħ֮ٵķģٽ츳ܻǡ
һϵ󣬳Ҳ۵ùǺҪǾ棬ȴûϢѪѹѪǸоԼ˿ƣȴûһɻ󣬷ϲѣҲóϲò̾ĺܺˡ
һָǰħޣ˵תǵѪҺԣ
ѪǸϽʱͿǰ׺ѵѪܿ˥оԼŨһЩѪظо⣬ֹؾȣлл˵Ĵ裬ǾԶҳϵūͣʲôҲҪȥ
𣿡
Ѫһ㶣Ͻصǵģǵģ
벻ǣҪжʾ֮ǰĶܺãԣǵõ˺ܶԭǲܵõĶҪԪǣǰҲһԣ㵽˻ðңѪħ½ҵ£
ˣ˭Сȥ
Ǿ֪ˣ㵽Ҫһ꣬һ꣬һǧܻ꣬ᵽңطǵ츳ܣ˵ܹ߽Ѫ֮ȡǶǺҵһģһҵҪǣֻҪ˵ʲôǶţֻҪնɱУǼȫ֮Ҳϧ⣬ʵˣҸһЩɱС
£ϸЩɱС


1514 ôһ
Ͻɱ˵֮־ҪЩɱãһҪǰǣҵһҪϣ˿ң飬ѪħҲ֮
Ƕƴȫ֮ҲҪնɱѪѪħָأһ˵Ͼҳϱ飬ҪǸð˵ļһɵɱ
˭˵Ҫǽֻħ޵Ԫңֻܳһʱ䣬ǽǸð֮ɱ֮ٸԶԪʲôʲôֻҪʵ㹻õص٣̣
ϸǻһıѪ۾棬ȫǼѵɫ޵ڴȻԪǺԣǳԡ
ѪԳϻһɶûУ˳˵ġأôͬ١仰лȻ򣬻ţϣǸҼð˵СӣܹնɱǾԪˡ
һЩˣһһǰǣǸҴϢǸҶǲ£ȡѪħһ壡
У͸ɱתˡͷųŨŨѪڵϣѣѪ˵šԲᡱ֮ĻʱѾˡ
ٶȣռͨλã϶ռܸͨȤܹ׸оռ֮⣬һɹĸо
Ϊˣϴڿռͨ棬Ǳĸǹɿռ֮䡢սϡصǶ档
ϴڿռͨʱؾ棬һ˳һɫӡ£ľϲ˵ţȻ½棬һʱ䣬ҵһһֵ̫ˣֵ̫ˡ
ֿ˺ð죬˲ŽɫӡǰһƬ򣬡𣿡ţͳһ״Ķʩչط鿴Ǻܳʱ䣬̶ûа㷴ӦɵĪߣֻҪһ֣Ҿ֪ںδǣֻҪľȽϽҲܸо㣡ҾһѰ㣬һѰɡ
˽У̤ں֮ϣ˵𡣡
ʱһ˳һҴվڴףںг۳
ؾ棬вѰҲв˳ߵ÷治һеϴ޷еǺߣ֮صķ
ǸȳؾĽˣתһȦ֮󣬱ֳϴޣΧѰ
ʱǿֲĽȴһӰӶûУǳɢȥĻҲɢøɸɾӰڽ뿪֮֮һСƽҡҷţǳųģ֪ܲܶȹأҪȲҵһУɶͰ׷ˣӦöȵùŶԣӲô
Щһ֪ڿռͨиһ֮˳һ£Կռ֮ĸԽԼһȴˮ£лüš
ռͨȥöá
˵ţȴûжźѾõ˿ռͨƵķʱգռ㹻ĲϣƳڣռͨҲΪɱǸ˵һ֡
ֻµʱ䣬Χſռͨ˲ãڿռͨУǿռͨҲŲã󣬳϶˵Ǹˣռȶ·߳أȿ󷨣ص½ϣ⣬½ǱߣҲ᲼ãʱ֮ͨ
õġ
Ͽһۣ룬˵ٿһ£һ뿪֮ء
ˡҡҡͷҸһ£˵ֻһչ˺õ
һġ
Ͽ϶ĻشЦˡ
ء
˵꣬ϴž߳˿ռͨص½棬ϵ»ָɽԭòһɱģҶˣɱ㣬ҲѲƤ
һвãɱһν棬϶мְգǸֵǿڣһְնûС
ûоɥ˵ţһڳɳһ죬ܣ
ͬʱṆֳ̀ˣ߱һƬ̶û˿춯ԣڽ죬뿪˺̤˼֮صĴأ


1515 Ϊ
ɽٴθ֣̺ŵԪȵȳϸսɽʱܵĻҪŨǧǲ֪ϸˣһĻ϶ΪһɽǶ츣ء
Ȼֻгϣɽĳϣ֪ɽһڣǳŻѪĸ£Ųóһɱ
Ǹƣֱƿնȥɽζһɵĵӣ˻֮УվڳԵζţӣɽеǸ𣿡
С
Ҳ˹һ¡ʲô˼ζ˵һײǸ£ֻǸ£֮죬֮󷨣渲ͨԪ
綴أ
С
Ͽ϶شڵ綴ŵģ磬磬ҲǱϲ󷨣ãǾǰͣعΣͣشǣһ޹Ե磬ͻγһУЩתɺڶģ
ǸٲǸˮ̶أ
ζϸ˿˿ɬǸˮ̶ϵĵһӴһΣֵûģЦţ˹ζ֣˵Ȼеġ
ϣǰһֻٲˮ䱾ʾͨˮЩˮɳɱ˼ʱǸˮ̶Ҳһӣͬˮ֮صˮݵľˮ֮ˮܵİǿγɡ򡱡
޴ɱС
ζпӣ㣬ͼˣɽʲôܣαã׷š
ʵֵġһҲΪ֮ܶĿ꣡һ죬ǻģʱû˸ǵ첻УҲС
ӣǱҪ𣿡
һ֪ѵ㲻뵽ȥӾʵ磿
ڵĵط˵Ǿʵ磡ȥҾȥζڳϼͷеİЦ⣬ȴţȷǿ󣬿ɲǶôǿҪ˺ҵļˣǲУ
ˣ߰ɡ

һ˶뿪ˣĸµʱѾ˰Ϣ˼֮أ˵֮ؿܻһѣԸߵģ͸ߣǴһƬء
Ϣ֮ϳϵǣҪߵ߲࣬滹йϵˣʣµߣ᲻뿪ǵļңʲôѣǶסǵļң
ԴˣҲǸжòߣҲҪΪ֮ҲļңǣߣУһŵصؿϣУڼ֮أһһУ֮أѣΪԼΪ˼֮أȥ
ж֮࣬ŨŨĵǣǣΪǸճܿŮӶϾҪ뿪֮ˣ֪ܿںηʱʲôΣô죿
ϹլĸŮݡȥ֮ܿҲûϢ
ʱΪ˶ԸҪץһйϵҪЮţ϶֪ܿ϶Ҳȥҹܿûҵܿ
ϸϳѪħ˺󣬼ѰܿټȻǺټֱڣУҲ²ܿ᲻Ѫħ֣֮ǲ²⣬ֱܿѪħ֣֮ѣΣ֮ڣΣҲڤڤ֮еǹɸӦΣգԼиӦŶԡ
벻׵ǣ㽫ܿ꣬ǡɲ˶ԶŶԣôܾҲأܿʲôɣ
ܿ㵽ȥÿɺãţȥҶҵġ
ʱ˿̣ĳһһ׷ԲԵĸˣһһŮӣһǳصķ֮ϣŮʵʦҪȥ
ء
أ
ŮӲ⣬˿Աߵף˵ʦȥһˡ
ˣ
Ů˫һ죬ȴͷ˵ҪģڹúܺãȻҾͻʦ𣿡
У
Ϊʲô
ʱδ
ʲôʱʱܵ
׷תͷͽһۣЦȫ̳ҵ²֮ʱܵԣƴɣҪһǧ궼ɣһǧ궼뿴ˡ
ʦ˵ÿģ
Ȼġ
Ǻã
ŮʼлһЩҩ׷˿һĻЦˣ˵֪ˣһˣ˳ԣҪȥһҪС䲻ͽɱΪͽħϡ
Ůӣǳܿ


1516 ˮ֮
ˮ֮
ֳ̡̤Ϊǰִдɱˣڼ֮صĵϣ˵̤Ϊÿһˮ·
Ǹɽ裬ɽǰһϸ˲ӿɴӣɽ俪һɽ٣ˮһˮš
Ҫ˻ֱӾһɽҲΪɽؼˮףһˮ֮
Ȼˮ֮˿ȴüͷ⼸㼣ཫ֮صƫƧˮԴ㡢ˮԪŨĵطұˣ̣ȻûаҪΪ˳㿴ƫƧ֮ܲҵʲô뿪ˡ
ˮ֮ЩʣһоƫƧĵطЩ죬еѪζ̫Ũһ·żЩߣħ֮⣬ҲûرĴڣôŨѪζ
һҪɱĿ꣬ݵõϢǸˣԶ϶ҪһˮĵطָУѰûڴ˴أǡ
ˮ֮ͻ뵽һܣĪ֮УĳǿģˮԪߣ
뵽⣬ˮ֮ＤˣоҲһּĿܣ£ˮ֮ѰЩεɽˮ֮أȺУдʱﻹ˷ܵţ϶Ҳвٱô͵ļʶűҲʶЩɶҪȫˡ
һߣɽУһʱĳϣҲ׼ˣȥģг򸾵һˣ֮Ҳȫȥǻ˸ڼ֮أɵӡŵӣǣҲ˻˾ͽ塢׹ǵɽˣгϵʦǣСİΤ롢һѣȻҡµһϴ޵ˡ
ȥһ̸֮󣬵Ӱڲࣻļûҵ˵ǸǿڣҲųˣøоǸǿйϵ⣬ҲҪȥ֮ҲҪʼˡ
ɽԭĴʵۣȻϽ«ҪĶɽȡɽޱȣ֮ǰ˴ʵһۣʲôû˵ʵԼԺʲô
·뿪֮أϿɽż֮أĬţһģһģҼҡ
ȥʱ϶ʮ꣡
ˣҲһƴĶ飬ûоǣ֣̤նȥͬʱһһǳߣѰټˮ֮ЩȻΪô֣ûҵĿ꣬ؾߣӦȥؾһߣһӿ
ʱˮ֮ѪħֵĹ£
ѪħʱҲǾһѪħô½ѪħڵĵطӦ½Զɡˮ֮ȻȣȴҲΪʲôϣѪζôŨҪѪζ֤ˮ֮ΪǼһΡ
׵ͬʱˮ֮˵˹ڳϵĴ˵Ӵģģģÿһ˶Գ϶ޱȵسݣɳǴﵽľء
ԡѪħ壬ˮ֮ȥŪһЩоЩˮ֮ɻˣЩĵȽ׿ɲͣٵƷ
е˼ϣ겻꣬УǿȴȫܸһʥΪѪħ࿹Խսˣ϶дᣬﲻһ
ţˮ֮ĶˣҪȥϣһҪˮϵ֣Ŀǲϣĸ֣ôණϿ϶вٺñҪҵϵĴ֮Ƿá
Ǻˮ֮жһӣ֮صˮرضࣻˮ֮ɽһ죬ˮ֮ͻͣסˣΪоǰһ˵Ϣô̤շУд¼ˡ
ԥˮ֮ȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬Ͻüһļüͷһ壬ͣ£ζʵӣôˣ
в֮͵
֮ͣڵļ֮أв֮𣿡
ϣǡ
Щأζףȴǿ˳ٴģɻ䣬ˮ֮ǰˮ֮ıĿ㲻Ӣȴһˮ֮оֶЦǣҪȥﰡ
˭
ŵˮ֮ɢˮ֮ϢԽӿ϶ˮ֮һϣЦݸʢǸгϵģ


1517 жԶԶ
Ǹгϵģ
ˮ֮Ŀ⣬ӳһɨζζʱˮ֮ҡҡͷͷ۵˵ϧˣһˮİײˣͱһֻˣӶԱ˹İײˣȤ
ţˮ֮˵ӣ˿̵ĵӲŲڳǰСŮ̬纮ˮ֮һϲ˵һ·
̶ˮֿ֮£˺վһϣѩ۾һֱˣôתĺѾֱ˵û뵽û뵽ȻôļƷŮӣŮŮˣȻֻһĤ֮ɱϲģŮӰڱӵļ磬ķ羰Ҳѵһ̫ˡ

ȳ£һ֮УһȣѰҲˣˮֻ֮һССľףϲиԣ̫ϲˣ
˵ͬһʱ䣬ǰһˮĻˮĻ羵⻬ޱȣµײȥˮȴһ𣬲ң򻹸˻ȥ
ȥûжʲôӰ죬ˮ֮ȴЦ˵С㣬ʲô֣Ըӵİ𣿱ӴδĶҪٴ͸ϲˡ

һЦٻʢ¥Ļǿɲǰ׸ģˮ֮۾һЦҪȻҪҪǳúãӽ㣡
ˮ֮˵¶ǣǷŵδţȡѣճˮ֮Цݱסֱʵ㴵ʲôӣ
ûлشֻƮ´ӣڳ϶ˮ֮ʱġˮ֮䡷
һˮ֮ɫ˺ü֣ѰͲ壬һšˮܽеȫȥǣڵ򣬾ȻܹˮҡΣڹ֮Уˮ򣬽˺
ˮ֮ԽԽľʵ̫аˣԼľ磬̫࣬ǽɾҪһˡ
á
ˮ֮ˣˮ֮Ук¡죬绢Хʨ𣬺¡֮ǽµѹȥԽоѹԽǲ԰֮ɫˮ֮˵ҪٳǿˣڻֻǷҪǹֻ¹Ҫˣ汾Ӱɣ򣬸¥Ҫ뱾Ӵһȣý֮
ǳĬ񣬡ˮ֮䡷ˣˮ֮һüֶԵӡ˵ŮǣǻʲôֶΣһʹȫˣ죬ӾŮ
ˮ֮Ů⼸ҧúأȻк⣬ˮ֮˿Ƿǳ˷ܣΪһ˳羴ѵӢ۵ŮˣиоˬرǵӢ۵棻ˮ֮˵ţ˿ûнϣгһ˷ֱǵա
Ȼˮ֮˳ִ˵ʲôУʲôԽɱˣҲ˳һţڹȻϣΪʵȳϸߣΪֻлţ֮ܳΪţ
ˮ֮ԭɱ˶ᱦģڿԺֶһŮˣţȻὫɲԼһŸ㹻ʱ䣬ǿǺˡ
ˮ֮³֣Ҷʱˮ֮ˬˣҲƲϣһѹ£һ߻ˮ۳һӣӣˮ֮ˡ
ˮ֮ӣ±ȥˮ֮Цݲã
ϲ֪ˮ֮ˮСˮǣˮܹ֮ѹס£õĻˮУϾͿ϶ˮ֣֮϶׷ɱˮģ
Ȼ֮أôĸ֣
ļҲЩţ߸ٴУսһνӣ˾ͽȭͷ׼ʱɱȥ
ۿˮ֮۵ӣҪ¸ڻȻӣһˮӣҲ´ŭԽŭˮ֮ЦԽġ
Ůˣ
ˮ֮˵ţһɲǼ򵥵һֻҪסˣ¾ҲãζҪɱȥϸ¡
Ȼ󣬳϶ˣߡһ𱬷ǧ֮һϢ䣬ˮǰһǡȭȥȵҹжԶԶ
ʱˮɢˮ֮ɫһݣ켴һЦӻΪҪԶͷڹأӢۣҪӢһվӴ㣬ˬĸо


1518 㹻

ֺȳһ֣ˮ֮ɫˣȵСӣҲʲô֣֣˵𣿼Ȼ˵ˣǾȥɣ
Żˮ֮ˮһѵϪųȥŵϪˮûдһΣյĸо˲һܡ
Ϫúת˲֮䣬͵˳ϵǰһɲǣϪˮ˿֮꣬ԣ֮궼ǡĳ̶ȡ
Ǹ֮Уûֱ籩꣬ȴһ֮䣬ˮŵĸоɽľǻǽȫˮҲҪˮһ֡
ϲҲȭҲδɱϮ޾˲͸ϵӣˮ֮ЦѣӻΪôҲܼغϣ벻һغ϶ֲˣ̫ˡ
ˮ֮֮ĽۣΪϲĶ֣ȻǱʶ֮£Ϊ㣬ûжùȥ
û˵ˮ֮ĿЦԸͣ
Ϊˮ֮ûпѪûпϵˣڳûУ˵ˣˮ֮뵽˳֮ǰеٶȣıԼ뷨ԣųϼ˼뵽֮ʱƺ˳ϵĿģ˵Сӣڽ豾ӵˮ򣿡
켴ЦӵˮֻʵҲôýģСˮΣ
ȹˮٵĳϣȻˮˮ֮ˮ뿴ˮ֮׻жǿ̣Ȼƾ裬˵ˮЩĹͷǺǵġ
һ̣ϱоˮǿȹ˷ͬˮ٣ǣȻоˮǿһ˼ϱ˸ףνˮ٣Ҳˮ֮һֻ֣ˮ֮Ϊ˻Щ⣬˳ӵߣųˮ١
ټϳϵĲ²⣬ˮٿĳ˽£ĳǿ壻ͺñˮ֮ˮ֮Ǵ䵽½ҪԼˮ֮ˣˮ֮ͱˮ١
ˮٶ˵ȷʵǿ󣬵ս䵽½ûģǰˮ֮ˮ֮Ǹûһġ
һǿ١
˼䣬Լˮ֮ڲͣ͸ǰͺ̡ԴԴϵ͸ʼϵˮ֮˺ܶܶ࣬͸ȥģʮһ
ʱƣˮ֮ԽԽˮ֮򱻳͸ˣˮ֮Ȼûжֻ֣ЦſϣҪϵЦѪ
ǣʮӹȥˣϻǰûжӦˮ֮üͷѲСа취Ըӵˮ֮򣿡
ˮ֮ţﻹ˵СӣˣɣӸһ·˵˵ʲôٽеıóŮˣӾúõٻһꡣ
ʱ˵Ȼ㲻ӹǾԶɣϤϵ˶֪ҪǳϿڱӡһʣǾ˵ˡ
أ
ˮ֮Ȼ֪ҪµĻֻһζؿЦƾ𣿡
㹻ˡ
ֱˮ֮ˮ֮۾һУɱ֣ûˣ
ΪʲôҪˣ
ܣ
һЦѾˮ֮Ĺ͸ˣֻҪ͸ЩˮƣϾʩչˣϵˮ֮͸ȷʵܺãǣҲһǰᣬǾǲܱϮĹˡ
ˮ֮˺üȷ˳ϹȻûˣʵʵõʲô󷨣Ǹʲôģ
Ը㣬õ𣿡
Ӻ˵㻹ˣȻ㲻˵Ӿʹ˵ˮ֮˫趯ȴˮӣУŨŨˮ֮
ˮ֮γһôóаɣն£ˮ֮ˮɫ䣬㣬㣬㡭
ڡ㡱֮Уˮնˮ֮ϣˮӲûбն룬ǣȴǺ¡ը첻ѣӣҲСӡ
ˮ֮ûȥˮӣž˵õǱӵˮ֮򣿡
ʩչģôأ϶Цݣս˰㣬ⲽߵһߣˮ֮ƺûпų˵ղŲǸ򱾹ӵˮ̱֮ӵˮ֮򣿡
ӣϹôҲ˼ɣҲǰƹ𣿡ϼŭˮ֮ͬʱڶֱ֣ˮ֮ջС֮ˮ
ˮ֮ԹԵ˵ܹԼ̱ӵˮ˵жȹˮ٣ֻжȹˮ٣п̣㶨ᱻը
Ʋ϶ȹˮ٣ˮ֮͵㣬㣡


1519 춬ɣ
㣬㣡
ˮ֮˾һţϵ˵һ𣿡
ʲô˼
˵أ
ǹЦݣˮ֮ҲԼĽ۸ˣϢˮִ֮ЦһΪҪȥؾǱһң벻ˣ̤Ь޸ٴȫѹ򰡣СӣǸ

ٸװͿˮǳֵģ϶һ𣬹ֲñôöûҵԭǶӣȷʵȹˮٵˮ֮Ǹػָǣܲã˱ӡˮ֮û˿ģԼ̫ˡ
ҺԳƱ𣿡
һʣˮ֣նˮ֮ˮ֮ѹñӵˮ֮ӮӣֱΣ᱾ӣģӻ㲻ģΪɣˣһ˰ˣʲôˡ
£һֱǧɵˮبգնϣһתһɴ󽣣ȴɻۣ֮ˮ֮Ȼӣѽʲôã֪ˮ˻𣿡
ǧˮЯ֮նҪնϵˮ󽣣Ҫնϣˮ֮ȵԹԽһȫʬ
ˮ֮˵ţҪײʱ򣬳ϲŵˮ󽣣Ȼˮʱڰת̶ը¡ըУˮ֮ǧˮѿ
ˮ֮ˮתʱ۾һټԼǧˮըñѣΪŭȴӵ˵֪Сӣˮ𣿡
Ҳڸ̾ԼˮЩҪȻǧˮͲǱѣֱӸˣϲˮ֮ͷļᳬ֮𣿡
ڶף澳п۷壡
ļûκ˵˳ˮ֮Ҳļ˵벻ﻹһʶļһСӣɱ˳ϣӴ֣
ЦһЦ
ļʼ˵ˮ֮ɱʢССҲΥ汾ӵĻѵҲԽսȻֻһ֮ǿģ
ܲܣܵԹ֪
ļν˵ˮ֮һּһˮˮɱļǰѾûһֻޣֻޣҲֵúܣûûнûж䣬ԴûУֻ۾£ȫһֻֻ۾ޱȣü״ɾȳˮ֮תͷ¶ЦݣλŮҪ£ڣġ
㣬ôһֻڽУ
ʲôһֻֱһԵѩ˵Բԣһֻ
ζҲЦ
ˮ֮ɫޱȣתȴЦŮǣȻǺϲ죬ϻúǵģǲ죬Ҫأ
޳ܣ
Ůһͬ˵ˮ֮ЦӲãĿ⿴ļļ۾ĹޣɱȷʵЩ࣬Ϊһſ۾һġˮܷļĴ󲿷ֹ
ʱ۾ͻһգۣ۾һ֮ʱǧˮļļ۾һݣȵ춬ɣ
䣬һſ˲糤ɲľ춬ɣרڶʱһҪǳı֮أ춬ɱ֮ŵһƬУƬʱͻᱻ
ľ춬ɣɢŨϢЩˮ̱סˮ֮״Це˼ˮסͳɱ٣ӣȷԴûв
ļٴδȣ
ֻ֮һɲǼ䣬ïɭ־ͱ˻ĺǲľ춬ɣͱһƬ޾֮춬һܷŨϢ
ȣ
䣡
ǧˮһ󲿷־ֱˣʣµһС֣ļԽ൲ˮ֮ɫһ˦ֻ֣۾޷˳ȥΧļˮ֮˵ӶҪú㣬ĴУ㾿ֵ֧˶ʱ䣡
ϿļղʩչֶΣһȫµƴɱʽĵ岻ѣļľ֮춬ľҲľһһľ֮򣬿ƫƫó൱ںһЧóһ뺮϶Ҳó𣬺νţˣŰɣľУļļһļĪļ֮С
ˮ֮ѾĿ˳ϣ˵СӣΪƾˮ͵סӣǰʵδóңõĶֶͨΣڣӸһᣬ󷨣ǷģǿӸʱ׼ɱаɣȻûлˡ
Ըȭ
ˮ֮䣬ϴȣȻ˳ȥ


1520 Ԫ
ȭ
ϿϮ㣬˲伯ڳϵȭͷʵʻĹâҫȭ۴ġ
ˮ֮״һףղ˵һĿĿɲǸ㹻ʱ䣬׼һڳ׼ؼʱ̣һٽ¡
ô˼ƣˮ֮ΪԼ򲻹ϣֻһ㣬ΪϸͲóʵ⣬һԭ򣬾ˮ֮ԼĶȤζˣҪϱŪ֮󣬻ʲô飡
˵ǷЩˮ֮Щڴˡ
Ȼˮ̫֮ˣûϵ϶ֶ֮죬Ʈ£ϵȭͷ͵ˮ֮ǰˮ֮ܵϢ΢΢һʵʻƫƧĵطôʵʻľأӦʲôɣʵʻҲƷ׵ģֻƷףġ
ɻˮ֮ĶҲǲ˲һźôĻﻹȵӵҪжǿܲܺ
Ļˮ֮߳ʵ
飡
ȭͷ羵Ļ֮ϣĻƣˮ֮Цݲ䣬ĻôƵģƣϣȥ
ˮ֮һʧˣЩƲûкϣԽԽԽԽҪ֧һƺϲˣȻûдȥ
ϻǸо΢΢ܻڣȴֱӸתٴӿȭͷ
ôֹˮϣ
ˮҲģ㻹һ㣡
ԣˮ֮ɫһᣬЦ뿪½֪СӣҲҷſ˵ȱˮҪӽͿ⣬һ
˵֮䣬ֶ֣
ƣ
ϴȣĻֱķˣķѿĻûлޣǻˮɲǼںһڳϼҵˮ֮ʱˮһ͸Բˮ򣬵˳ǰ
ˮܣ
ˮ֮˵ȭˮϣˮ״仯ȴûƣȭ͸ɢҲݽˮ֮Уˮ֮Цɣ㣬еġ
ˮҲ
ųϻ޾㣬ӿۣɲ䣬岨һڽһ𣬱£һ¡ը죬ˮѣкһֱӱʣµһ֣ҲǳˮΡ
ˮ֮پղǸˮ򣬿ɲһˮ򣬺ŵ˵ˮڼ֮أô֮ضȫ𣬳Ϊһ֣Ǽ֮ػбˮ֮򣬻ҪĶˮ֮⣬ݳ֮ԳԼ֮Լ֮ȴϣˮˣܻ֮صܣҲˡ
ƴ֮͵ƷףõĸƷˮ֮ٴ˷ˣҪǱӵЩǡ
ţˮ֮ѾоϮһͣȴǲ㣬ЦۿȭҪʵϣˮ֮һռһŤˮ֮ʧˡ
ͬʱ˷ϵĶɣӵģصƴĳħ
üȭˮ֮ʧĵطͷ֮˺ѷ죻֮ǿ𣿡
Ϊβ㣿ǰֻǶأ˵˵ʲôˮ֮ȭΪŵĻִķдóǴӺδ
һЦƺΪ緢֮ˮ֮״˵Сӣʱͻƣ㲻Ƕһ𣿾ͻƵ֮ڱǰֻлķݣ
ôȷţ
Ȼ
ΪҪôҹһսأЦ˵ΪѾ˽򣬸ŨŨĿռ֮£ȭͷټȭٳˮ֮֮ǰʧ֮ء
˻
̶ˮ֮ʧ֮سһѷ죬ȭ˽ȥˮ֮ѷ֮Уռ֮ХŰȴƺ壬һȭ
֮ĺ룬ʹǿռ֮ӿˣңЩռ֮ųǼȭˮ֮ˮ֮ˮƣαˣɢ⻪ֵſռ֮
ڿռ֮еĳϣˮ֮һأشˣ켴˻һʥҲ˺ѿռ䣿㾹ȻҴԪգ
ԭдԪգҾ˵ǲղŶԣţûˮ̧֮ͷ棬źһĻҪƵģɣ


1521 ֮
ʧǰ
ѩȻ򸾣ζӵһˣȫ˾ͽֱҪɱȥɫҲһ䣬վԱֱųʧ֮صսֻֿ۾ƴɱĴʦ֣ὣҪնļȴǺ䣬չ˺ôңҵսϲ¶
ļɱú࣬ߵֻ۾ޣ񲻽ˮ֮ˮ֮۶ɣ滹Ŀǰ֪ĴڣľУҲǿ쵽˼£˵춬ɡֲ춬ɲľۣ֮춬ɵӣҲܽʩչ춬ɵܣͬҶȵҲˣӣľ֮߻ܷܡ
ΪԼսļǧƵĸֲǻݻľӣȻһ̣ǧƵӣ챻ʹ˸飬ֻ۾ޣֻˣȥкԶ
ȫǣ
ļԼͻ뵽˳õһƻ˳Ρ
˵ϡ
ɽʱҲΪܸ򵽿ռ֮ĵط˺ռѷ죻죬ˮ֮ʧӶ˺ѷʱ򣬳ϲû뵽ᴳȥ
˵̽ռѷ죬ǣһȭȥʱһɾɶҪƴֿĻҲûа취
һ˲䣬ǧת뵽࣬Ҫһǣˮ֮Ȼڿռ䣬Ҳ͸ռйˮ֮Ļǲ£ɵζأ
ζ֮ˮ֮ĹҲǺ޷֮
ԣϱҪҧסˮ֮ڲ֮⣬Գռѷ죬浽ʲôҲŴ嶯ˮףĿռжɱ˵ǿռѷ죬βûһ̽ʵأԽ˴ǳ᲻ǿͨĶ
Ǭתھת֮תʶѾݳֻž
ԣɱ˽ȥ֪һ֣дԪգϿͷǺԶֺƴֿɼĺĻ˺ģĻԪĿռȷʵ̫ˡ
ȻĿռԪǷҷӵҲóϴΪȣϢϢϢϢУǣǴԪһСֻ֣Ǹоȴ˵֪Ժδڵ
һ˲䣬˻վǰˮ֮񶼳˴Ԫյ֮У˲Ϣһôãϸ࣬ǣȴԻˣδ֪Ի
ˮ֮ʥΪգѾǴΪԾˣٿһͲ˦һȫӣϵӣΪԸߵȴ½Ҫһȵˮ֮ŭѣСӣȻˣǾ͸ԶΪԪյһְɡ
˵𣿡
ڲˮ֮һۣһ仰ȴˮ֮ùǺˮ֮û򣬶ˮ֮ӹΪϣһžܽ˵һ仰ҲܽΪֻϣȴŴΥ⣬
Ŵˣˮ֮׵һߣЦҪӣӾ㼤̤澳͸ԪգжǿԪĺ
˵ţˮ֮гһɫĹһֻɫļǹ򹭣ǹһɱȳϵˮٻҪӴݳǣܣڴԪյ֮Уȴûˡ
֮
䣡
δ䵽ǰͱѿһĿ꣬Բ׼ϣȴĳ󷨣ڳûȫ£ֻˮͱԪյ˺ˡ
棬ⱩˣʧˣǣԪգ޴ڵģرԳΪģµķΧеĴԪˡ
ѣɽ
ϸоģ˿񱩻ǿ񱩣ͺ˵ķˮˮ֮󣬼ڣϵ˲˺ˣǸսϣҲѪ߰ߡ
ЩƬĵطȴûһѪЩײȥ֮ϣȥֻǣȥĴԪʹɿ񱩣ײˡ
ԶĴˮ֮һЩԪҪǴ󱬷ҲһģΪ˰ȫ֮أᱻ񱩵ĴԪǣ֮󣬲Ц˵СӣζΣôأаް󱾹Ӿ㰡
˵ûʱˮ֮Ȼֹ


1522 
ˮ֮˵ˣɫǾ䣬ΪѾֵͻ˫ĿǱ񱩵ĴԪΧĳϣȻˡ
ˣܣ
ô
ˮ֮һʱЩ벻ף֮жˣֻ֮ˮ񱩣Ԫ񱩣ǧһǻһͰҩһ
ҩˣԪտˣɳȴûˮ֮Բȣ
壿жǿ֮ҲҲûиоǿˮ֮ȥڳ𰸡
ǣˡ
ΪϴԽԽ񱩵ĴԪٱƽϻδǰЩԪѾˣԭҰһ
ųϵǸţҲѩһԽԽڶ澳ˮ֮Ҳò˱ߣֻˮ֮ӰһŤٴʧ˳ǰ
켴϶һεǴ˷Ǵӹ̶һСӣñӺܾȣֲͨһ汦Ȳϰɣԣ˵ˣǸ߽汦ҲһܱȵϣǿǲģǱӺܸȤ
ϻǰ񱼣ΪԼֻͣҪǿͣĴԪţͻը壬رЩͷĲλ֪жǿأ
ˮ֮ƺҲ˳ϵ״ЦЦᣬкһֱݻˣˮ֮Ҳں˵Сӣ߱ķӸָһ·ȻĻͻһֱ֮;ˡ
ʵϸͲըܵԭҪŸӿ񱩣ΪУоűӡ
ԪΪʲô磬ϲ֪ΪʲôŻҲ֪ף콵֮ʱҵһɫӵİ취
Դɫƽɫ֮Ѿܾû̹ˣҪɫøΪɫԭ򣬸һ˵ĸо
ˮ֮˵ţСӣɣˣ滹ŮҪˣǿɾȫҪ鱾ˣ𣿡ˮ֮ȻóҲڵõϱ֪֮󣬸УǸںδ
ûбӵİͽʧԪԶȥ
ұӣˣԪգɲֻһռ䣬Сռ䣬һں㲻һԶҲӵġ

һһ仰뵽ռѭΡ˵ʹáռѭΡҲһΣһΣҲδչֳռѭΡʱ򣬾͸ˡ
ռѭΣȻҪڿռ֮ˡ
жƣҪģ˿еȻÿɢȥҪӻҵģ񱩵Уһ¶ҪһСģЩ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʵ̽ڣǿɾˡ
Сأϼɫ磬ɫֲһ㣬ߣ뿴ɫܲܺԪеϣɫһڳתеʹ˷Ͽٶ죬һųϵӣһûھͱϵ뵽档
֮ǰŶԳɵ˺Сɵɫеϵ֮˺Ȼˣܿ죬еͱ̵òˣȻŻ󣬿ǣԽԽˡ
񣬸о֮ɫ˵ζ˵ԺһҸʳ󣬳ջɫ磬֮ʹٴδǸͣˡ
ʱӿۣҪĦܣͻأ뵽ڰ׹飬һսʱڰ׹ƴӶһҳ
񱩵úڰ׹ٷһҳ𣿡
˵ţȴѾͳ˺ڰ׹飬ӿĦܳǱߣˮ֮ϰ춼ûлػ룺ѵСӣѾ˲ɣҪˣǿôɢأ
ţ¡һը죬űըˣˮ֮ڵǸСռ䣬ҲܵӰ죬ˮ֮Ҳһˮ֮Ȼδֻǿӵıӵûˣϣ㻹ӵı
ʱˮ֮ըĴһ飬ʺڰɫˮ֮ϲжûбըģ϶Ǵ󱦱
˵ţˮ֮Ȳ˽ȥһ̣ϵֻһ뽫Ǵ󱦱ץȥˮ֮һУϣ㻹û


1523 ľ㣡
ϣ㻹û
ˮ֮ʣղǸţҲҪôƣѣ䲻ҲҪܸˣϡ
ϸûˮֻ֮Ǳڰ׹飬Ŀ룬ڰ׹鲢δԤϵһҳڰ׹鷭ǰҳ
ҳϣ֣һһ
һһĺʲôж֣û֪Ժ˼ؾ뵽һһɳ־òԣǡһһǰġ︺Ҳûж𰡣׵ĺڰ׹飬ܲҳͲһ仰ɣ
ǵĻֻ˵仰̫̫̫Ҫ
ǡֻ֣ʲô
Ժǧȴûȥ룬ڵ֪ʶԴҲ벻ף벻׸ﻹҪȥ룬ڰ׹鵽ҵܻῴģڰ׹Ҳ湻񱩵Ȼֻը˰ҳڰ׹鲻Խ棬ҪԽɣ
䣬ڰ׹ֺˣЩ񱩵ָ˷ըɢȴû𣬶ըɢ֮ǰӿ񱩣ϿЩķʱ֮ӣΧߣ֮ײ
飬ںϣֻó̬
ϸоţˣоЩƺʲôʲôˮ㣬ʶʡ
ˮ֮һαϵӸŭˣһΣû˵ʲôϻǶأг̽ץڰ׹顣
ˮ֮Ҫץסڰ׹ʱһ磬ϣˮ֮ʹӷ£ȵ磿磿
ˮ֮۳ϣĿһɨͷĺĻţѵӵô˥պһڱϣ
ţˮ֮Ŀ˺ڰ׹ϣʱٴ̽ץȥأˮ֮Ҫץϵʱһ֮ǰ͵£ֱˮ֮ð̡
ӲţⱦǱӵģ˭Ҳȥ
ˮ֮ץȥһأˮ֮ķץסڰ׹ɲǣ͵֣ķû֣֣ѭüΣûֵļˮ֮ŷĽץڰ׹顣
һץģ磬Ҳ
ž
ˮ֮͵̧ͷϣСӣ㣬ʩչ
ңôˣ
ӣ
һ£ȥһȭˮ֮ȥˮ֮ˮȥͻһ£ˮ֮һͣȭˮ֮ҷɣѪ
㣬ôˣľ㣡
˵ţǧ磬žˮ֮ϣˮ֮ɫ䣬˺ڰ׹飬Ӻƺһ̤ȥӲҪ㣬Ҫ㣡
ŻһŴˮ֮ϣˮ֮һҽУʣ㵽ʲôˣôʹף֮𣿡
Űˣ
һȭ£һȭˮ֮ӳϼ׵ľлعȵСӣҴ򱾹ӣҪ
˵ţˮ֮ӰʧϿˮ֮ʧ֮УһԥתռѭΡδʧ֮ǰѭ˹ȥ
һСռˮ֮ţСӵ󣬻ףǿҲûãʩչֶΣСռ䣬ȫһըͲը
ըӣ
ˮ֮Ķʱˮ֮Ѿһȭһȭֱˮ֮ͷˮ֮϶תˮ֮ԭڣȫȻˣֻǴ˵ʥҲڴԪдģǡ
Ĵͷ
һǡȭʵʻȭܱٱˮֻ֮оӴﵽ⣬һ𣬾ʶеǵΣһ
㲻Ҫ֪ӵӵȭͷ
һȭͷˮ֮ϽٻСռ䣬ϼʩչռѭΡ׷ȥȭͷˮ֮ϣˮ֮ʹٻ
Ͻ㲻Ҫӵķ
㲻Ҫȡӵʲôӣ

һȣʹһȭʹˮ֮һΡ
ˮ֮ɫ䣬̥Сȫǹ̥ܽΪɵĴڴԪյСռ񶼲ǣƾʲôҲܹ󣿡
ͬʱСռĳϣҲЩˣռѭΡڶ㣬Ͳ֧ųʱĴƣ۾һڴԪգҲǸֶ֪ѣһУδ֪ǲ١ռѭΡҲԤϲУӴԪջص֮ǰأֻ
һ׼ȭУѪħ½ǹĿռ
ˮ֮͸ϣֻǾȥǸͷңҲ̫ˣƣȴ˳ϵƣ۾һתˮ֮뵽˵ӵǼŮӡ
ʱ


1524 ﶬһ
ӿͷļƣ޷ǾץЮЩŮʹϾͷˮ֮ȾѪϣЦݣȻͨļƣֻҪʵãܽǱڰ׹飬еıõ֣ȡСС
ˮ֮Ǵ̶ȴûصԭ֮Улڷ֮ǰ϶ϲ˺ƿռ䣬صԭ磬ɿڴԪд󣬾ͱòϣղŵĲããʰͲô鷳ˡ
ô񱩻ҵը롭ţˮ֮ĿһݣӾͲˣ滹򲻹һ񶼲Сӣӻеûʹ
˵ô˵ˮ֮ԳϵЩɵ⣬гϵ֣ˮ֪ܹ֮ģֻ֮ˣ֮𣿡
ţˮ֮ë͵ըٲ飬ȵ
ʱˮ֮Сռ䣬һը˷ѹϣˮ֮Ĳãˮ֮УСӣҴߴӵĺ֪ը㣬Ӹ㣬ֻǸտʼϣŮˡ
ڴԪը죬ˮ֮ȥˣ׼ġȭԥһȭݿֱ࣬ڿУһûĴڴֵһɲǣϾʩչռѭΡˮ֮ʧ֮أӾҪѭȥǴСռ䣬ȴȴţ顱һ¹رˡ
üȭȭȻδ޿ռеžһ죬񱬳һֻ⳴Ǳڳϵ֮ϣҪǻһʹʲôãֻ࿹ǽֱӸˣʲôʣ
ýѳ
ţΪǿ齻򣬶ʱ޾Ŀռ֮ȻԺＷԽԽãԽԽãڣһѷӿͷʹ֮УƬʶ
ˣĴĴԪٴԳΪģͶأԪˣǣǾռ֮ĸһҪϵ塣
˫ʹ࣬óٶŤȻʹޱȣϸ侲Ԫգ뽫ӻһ֣ԲܣҪӣȽˣ
£ϽӿӦǻڿԺĸһΣһƽʱҪô࣬ȴǲܣԣҪЩ
ҲһԶˣ̽㣬ǣ
ӴľǺ޾ĸֱ΢ЩСԪյ˵ȲĿռǣĿռϾֻһƣԪȴ޾Ҳ
ȴܲ˵ţš
棬ˮ֮ϲû׷һϲĪסСˣˮ֮һҪתٽԪ￴һĳ嶯ΪĿģЩҪǳıԪյˣЩ֪ᱻ񱩵͵ȥء
ˮ֮סˣСӣдĹ̥϶ô׹ҵģȱץŮ˵˵꣬ˮ֮ˮȥ˿̣ζǣѾԶԶϾڴԪôԶ
ζһˣǡ
ļѾӣȫʩչлвݣľǴġĸڣﶬһļ֮䡭
һĻø׳ۣ͸Ų˼飬ﶬôһͬأ
ļȴһĲ԰ףʩչһУеĹȫˣ궼еļ촽΢
ǧĻľһˣ
ľŵУһˣ
ﶬһˣ
ֻ̺ˮ֮۾ޣҲ˸ϡãһ˿棻ļӣҲɳȥǣȴǣ˷ܵΪʽ
˲Ϣ֮ϵˮ֮պÿһըĻ棬㶣뵽ϾѾΪ˸һУ˦Ķ⣻ңֻ۾ޣҲǴֽǧޣˮ֮˺ô󹦷򣬲Ū֣Լˮ֮ġ
ɴ˿̣ʲôûˡ
ˮ֮ŭˣСӣҪ꣬ǧޣŭţˮ֮۾ͻؾֱ䣬ΪһӣôֺֻĴָǰСźƺܣŨĻϢֱ
˭
ˮ֮۾ӰĿȴǲ˲ˮ֮ӿȵǧˮɣ


1525 ײеĿ
ܺãȻƵñóǧˮӻʲôкڣˮ֮ţǧˮߣ򵱿µĹӣȥƼ졣
ҪϹӵʱǧˮȻǧˮ֮˫ֻ裬˵ţǧӲסеĹӰǸƹӶã㻹ŷ񣡡
ˮ֮˵ƹӣףļµģƹӣ֪ʲôıȻҪսڴ
䣬ǧˮһعӰˮ֮Цţסˮ֮۾ȷʵһƬĹӰ˲סˮ֮Цݸʢһ˲䣬ȴ˫ĿԲ۽ѪΪ۾˱ȸģûбסĹӰһڱţǧ򣬺޾
ۣ
ˮ֮ؿܴѪǧˮҲײɣѾƣˮ֮Ҳоǧˮ֮ϵ˲ޡ
Ȼǧˮˣȴû赲סӵƣˮ֮ѪδֹסʱͿҪˮ֮˲ա
ͬһ˲䣬Уҳôһռ䣬Ǹոս뵽Ԫգûüˮ֮ǿһ̶ȵ¼ףƬƬѣѪ֣ˮ֮ٴѪӿ޾ֲӵǧˮƷ汦ôܻᱻһƹӸأǸƹӣʲôǸ̥ģҪͣ⵽һȺˡ
ˮ֮иӱˣΪóǧˮһǬϵãǧˮֱӻˣʵˮ֮ҪǧˮֱսӣǧˮҲᱬѣӲ״ۺ죬ҪǧˮǹӸΪС
ӣս
ǧˮƷ汦ȵս
Ȼˮ֮ıû꣬һϣܣ֮ǰײмʮ㽫궼ľˡ
Ҳһˮ֮˴Ԫһ̥תȥֻһѪˣˮ֮һУתܡ
սѴԪյһҲ˳ϣˮ֮պôڳܿŵĿռ䣬һϼȴǷǳѣڷٶȣԶԶϲϿӿٶȣϵ뼫ȻԶѪǴڸѵġ
ǾѾ֧飡
ˣԴԼվˮ֮׷ȥԪյ޾ٿٹ˿̽ƾʵҲǲУûĹͷƬ֮أϲ򲻵֮ʱǲᶯǵģԣҪ뿪Ԫգˮ֮ȥ
̥̥
еˮ֮ͳҩ˶ƴشڸСռ䣬ȴȻûаѵϣͻأˮ֮Ѫˣˣ
˲ϲӵĻˣ㲡Ҫˮ֮תҪǼմڹϣˮ֮оԼΧӿȥ
ǡ
ˮ֮۾ٴα𣬡̥ԪյУžϲȻֻǴԪգǣЩҲݺԣҪ˵ϣǱһߣҲϾԪյҲĿռ
ˣˮ֮ЦˣСӣȡ
ҪҲҪȥϴЦ㲻ҪӸ㣬ײеĿ񱩣£ϽĿռͷ˳ֱˮ֮Χ
žž
ը˷ЩСռ䣬Ҳѿȥˮ֮ҲΧˣϽͳǸõĺɫӡ£Դֵ
ͬʱоӣȻȽԪ˵ǿÿ̫ˣ㡭
˾ƣСռ£ˮ֮ͲգһڣԼռɵˣֻ֧ţš
ʱײ˽ųϵĵЩˮ֮ҲӿȥųԼ
ˮ֮ԺתһֻץʲôҲˣգ̤˳ȥ˿δɣһȭǿռд
ѷ죬ڱƿˣ
ϸϽȥԪգһ˲䣬Ԫӿ˳ϵӣòǱ˵ΣѾƣǰˮ֮׷ȥ˵㲻Ҫɱʲôӣ
ˮ꣬


1526 
ϼˮꡣ
ˮ֮һʱûˮ˭ֻǿսǸײǧˮĹӣ񱼵·ϣԥأתȥ
ˮ꣬վҷ
ˮ֮ˮɲǣṆ̀𵴣ǵ˴̶ˮ֮ȣ㡭

ˮڻ䣬ûʲôǣӿѪҺȴڱķŭһҪˮ̳֮˵Ŀ
ҪǸˮ꣬ˮ֮һӦҪˮ£𣻿ڣܹΣˣԽԽҪģǲ
ˮ֮תȥϼ״ȣ꣬pޣ
ʱˮ֮ͿһڿпХţһֻǵꣻԱߣһܿɰСˮ֮Ҳףpޡ֣ʲô
ôãʵǰǿٱpԳΪʳ죬䶾ж϶֪
ô
ˮ֮ľˣ˵һƴȫܹȥǣֻҪһ飬ǹӣȭͷͻأˮ֮Ҫգͷ˵ԪգҲӲӵ׷ɱ

һȣˮ֮ͷûˣڴԪУҲռϷ磬ңһǿĺ乥˵ܹգҲģգʮǧ
ˮ֮ˣûбһΪ͵۸ôңһ٣ٶˣǰߣͣ£ת۶ųϣ˵СӣΪκβ𣿡
˵ţˮ֮һһȥﻰϣССʥкʸţܹʹ˲ְˮ֮µģοǲ˵֮˲𣿱Ӿͻ֮壬ԶΪһˣǿ˲𣿻ƴ˲𣿱Ҳƴӽ֪ʲôţ
Ŷأ
ϼתըˮ֮Ҫ̤ȥҽţüΪѣȵ磬磬㡭
أ
ϼˣֱˮ֮ˮ֮һͿҪ̤ȥҽţ͵ص˰벽ٴ˫֣þܵġ
ˮ֮УղƣѾȥ͵ظоЦСӣڱǰЩСϷ㻹úܣȷʵñӺܾȣ֮岻˵ף磬ǣûõġ
ˮ֮֮ǰĲȴڼһʩչôǴδ˵ģ϶ĴΣҪõĴһҪ
ţˮ֮۾ЦݣѡΪ֣ɲΪϴ˿ģУҪӳǸñȥֵսսͬʱǸɱ
Сӣǰôںܲܰɣ
ԪȷʵûȫûڶԳ˺Ե˵ʰ㣬㹻ˡ

ˮ֮³Ѫˮ֮򣬳Ͽˮ֮Ѫʩչüһ¾Ѫ֮ģǶҪôɱУ˵ɱУ£ǹȣ϶ᱩ澳ˮ֮֮ƴɱͱȽѣҪĹֶΣȷʵе࣬ˮ֮
ˣҪǱˣֽεؿֲ
϶ˮ֮⣬һɴ˿̣оˮ֮ĹǰƺЩͬﲻͬȴǲ֪ҲۼѹˮҲһѹȥ
ˮ֮ƣ
ȭ
¡¡
ը𣬳Ѫαףˮ֮ȴ˲߲ѣˮ֮һڳϴռϷ磬ЦѣСӣױӵ˰ɣ
үүһ
սըڿգˮ֮һ飬ȴ¶ټˮ֮ˮꡢꡢp޶ɱˮ֮
ʱ𣬡
ϴ󡭡

ᶨս۳ΪѪ˶ϴ˹ӣˮҲͣˣԴϴӰ߻ȷʵŴԪԭٷ񣬾ۼҲ̫࣬Ӷ¡ȭҪȻǲУҲˡ
֮ս£Ϊǲһˮ֮򣬸Ȥˡ
ˮ֮ϵĻһ㶣󣬹Цˣ˵ţããá


1527 һ
Сӣõ㣡׸ӵᣬһ˷ѵģҪץýģ
ˮ֮ЦţϳĬиˣ
ʲôõٶ࣬ʲôãڱӵǿǰҲֻдݿ࣬ķݶóһư
ˮ֮ţ֪ĳЩʱԵȶָǿ˵ţɫȴһ£Ϊϼˮ֮
һ֮󣬿ЦŨСӣǰǼǡȭĹɣĹڱǰһ㻹ˮ֮򣿡
ţԺиŵģֻǰˮ֮ʩչģЩˮ֮ͬʱˮ֮ˮ֮͵ؾۼȭ
ˮ֮򣿱Ӿˮģǵˮ֮ڱǰһ
ˮ֮޾ţһȭ˳ȥˮ֮ӻ֣ɳһϸϸޣ޴ڳϵȭϣʱȭϵˮ֮򣬡ꡱѿˡ
ٴαˣأһǧף
һ
ˮ֮ϹЦݣҡͷ̾ţս񿴵ˮ֮ģǳȥѾƣǣϴķԸò
̾δһ̤˻ˮ֮ٴκϣˮ֮ϸֽˮ֮ѣӱˣȻָ̾ʵǲһ
ϲǣֻǼˮ֮һһεĺϣתۼ䣬ͺٴΣˮ֮ȻڳЦţڼţ⳰ЦѾһɷֳˮ֮ﲻֹСӣֱǴ룬ڻдԪյŰôʹ򲻵أ
飡
ϵһʮŴηˣֵһʮߴηɻˣоԼѾʲôˮ֮˵ġˮ֮ơвͣƣʲôƣƣ
ˮ֮ţСӣ˵ˣûõģȹǰδеˮ٣ܺˮŽˮ֮ˮ֮ܺöӵˮ֪֮һΪʲô𣿡
飡
ˣɻء
Ϊӵˮ֮ˮ֮߼ΪʥΪĸ߼ǹϵĸ߼У㹥ٴΣûõģǱǳԵģ㣬ҪӲȵģ
ϵĸ߼
ţһιȥȴǲٳĬ˵û𣿡
Ϊ˱ӵƣ
һʼûóֹڴԪﱻӿŰʱҲûó˵ʲôϻȭˣһأ˳ףˮ֮ĿЦˣضųϣ̤ȥ˵˵Ҫô㻹ûȫֹҪôʩչֹ޴Σ
ȭ˰ʮףʵ˵ö𣿡
ˮ֮ɫڵšˮ˵㣬˵ˣĹ֮ƣȷʵֻǰˮƽûȫȫǿʩչͻѾӣˮ֮򣬲޴Σǰˮ֮Ҳһǰˮ֮һ٣֮Ҳٴ棻⣬пӰ쵽壡
ǱƵһˮ֮Բʹһеģò˵ȷʵܴˮ֮ţҪǱȫգҪݵһһսӵϣ
ʱһֱԱŵˮ꣬ͻ˵ˣţһţ֮ƣǿǿйء
һ̤ĳϣ͵ͣסţ֮ƣˮ˵֮ָоԽԽǿңһҪʯ
ˮ֮ȴ͵ػͷˮ꣬ӱ죬һʰ㣡ˮ껹ڻ䣬֪˿Խ࣬ԳϵİԽ󣬿ʵģʵޡ
ˮ֮ѾֽĿⶢڳϣСӣ֪˹һţѲ򲻳ɣǿЦñٽɣ
šơˮ֮˵˵Ӱĸɾ㻹ܲʩչ֮ƣ㻹ܻܲ
ˮ֮Ŀһ˸˵ˣҪûΪ֧ţֶΣҲʩչɱһӿ֣ﴫϵЦģӲôģûнһǰ㲻׼
ЦǱվϷ磡
ɱ𣿡ϳȥӾվ㹥Ҳɱ
Ӳţ
ˮ֮ȥʮףһأˮ֮ûеȳϹȥƴˣ˾ʮףʮףʮס


1528 ʣ֮
ţһţ֮ţ
򣬽Ϊ֮Ʒ¶ȹˮ٣ȹǰδУ춯صˮ٣ڹ֮ǰҲҪˣҲҪ飬ҲҪס
ʵҲȷʵˣˮ֮ǻûȫյĹ֮ƣͰܹ֮ˮĳϣˣһˣ޻֮
ȻҲˣˣȻеأȴû
ˮ֮ԽսԽľɱƴȥնɱϣƫƫȴһôҲңˮ֣֮ʱļһһεɱĹ֮ƣԽԽؼǵãϵһˮ֮Թʱˮ֮ķѣٸϣҲ˵ǧ֮⡣
ǣ˿̣ϵˮ֮ѺԽԽ٣˵ľ룬ҲԽԽģըȥҲ˺һʮװˡ
ˮ֮ףĴйϵʹù֮ƣĶ࣬رûȫ̤һŵ£ʧǾ޶ࣻټ֮ǰˣҲȫӳ
ֻһ棬ˮ֮ţҲã֮ǰҲգԱȲϳڳڣŰųĴԪϴΣƴɱƻԽԽã˵ʲô
˵һŹ֮ƣ֮⣬ûۣͣˮ֮ôŵģչ֮ԸǴԪԳû˺
ӾͲˣѵǲ֮ôҲ
ˮ֮ͣ籩꣬Ҳ˱ܣֻʩչˮ֮֮ӲڵĴԪŰ֮ǰ˵ѾõöˣΪԽԽࡣ
ִˮйڹһŵ֪ʶȫ֪˳ϣ⣬ϸԼʵսеǿҪʯĿǿҡ
֮ƣйأʲôйأ壿ꣿʶꣿϴţԼȴҡͷ
ҡͷǷԼĴ𰸣ˮ֮ȴΪǳŭˣСӣԶҲ̤һţΪ죬ҪһҪ
Ѫ£ˮ֮ͬʱֶЩƷײͣǳƷ汦ǿɫӡȴС
ˮ֮ӿ뷨֮Уڽϴ˵һ˲䣬зײϣȵҪ
Уˮֳ֮ȥһȭϵﲿ֣ˮ֮ȭһȭȴڼей֮ƣһȭڿ籩ĹУ۳ġ
ɱһȭ
¡ըУҲǻһȭסˮ֮ȭͷˮ֮㶣ô׼ΪóϲȴûϵϻǷˡ
֪ӻ
ЦڴԪֶΣƣⲻı𣿡˵һ仰Ȼһסˡ
ˮ֮ͼŭϼŭ֪ôܴĵˮ֮˵Ҫֻ֣ĵطȴ࣡
ˮ޳Ϣ˻ɱ켣ȴ˵ȥ֣ҲǾͣڿУˮ֮״вһ̥ҪʲôУ
һˮ֮ᶨɱȥʲôУֻҪһȭУܺ࣬û࣬㻹
ȥɣ
飡
ˮ֮һȭʵ˳ؿڣˮ֮Ц˲ŵ󣬿ɻûЦˮ֮һ־壬Ѫˣһ˼ǧס
ô
ˮֻ֣֮Ѫ⾡ɢͷ飬ȻֱֱվĳϣֹסĲԼôᷴˡ
ϣԺšʡ֣
ʣʣꡢ壬ʶȵȣʵһ֣֮ƣͨľʣ֮ơ
ҵıʲô
棡
֮ƣ
زʣڰ׵ߵ治ƽ֮ػߣ

֮ǰеĸҪץסĶȫԺһƬӨǿʯʯѣҶ˲ɲľ
ϻǳϣսˮ꣬ˮ֮һ̵ĳϣֲǳϣˮֵ֮֮ɢϢƣϤ
̤˹һŰ
ˮ֮Ҿţܣܵģôôߵԣڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣ̤˹һأӶṳ̂룬ô̤룿ٵģ϶Ǽٵġ
ŭУˮ֮ǱˣСơˮ֮һȭϣϹȥϲܣֱˮ֮칥ʱϲ˵֮ˮ㼺


1529 ԳƱӣ
Ǳ󱬷ˮ֮оԼ¶ȫ̤˹һţ㱼仹޵ֵĸоΪһȭȥٲѣֻ·һ
ˣǾ仰ˮ֮Ķˮ֮û⣬һδ̤񾳽磬ͿŵСӣôˮӵŹ֮Ƶˮ
ͷ䣬ȭͷϮ
顭
ۡ
һѪɽȴˮ֮ȫȭšơˮ֮ըˣֱȭͷըϡã£˲䲼Ѫ

ҽˮ֮Ѫ˫ĿУǲţôҲţˮ֮򣬲ʹˣĴƶûˣʲôȥնɱϣıŮˣ
һ̤ˮ֮ǰ˵̤˹һţΪ˱ʾҵл⣬ǰҵľŰʮȭһӱ㣡
£һȭȥȭͷ۵ֻǴš֮ơˮ֮ȭ籩꣬ˮ֮ϣǱĴָСѪʼȭͷСȥ
⣬ЩͷҲꡱرˣ
ʹϮ˲佫ˮ֮Χˮ֮ҲʹѹûȥԼһΪʲôᱻҲûȥΪ⼫ʱ̤һţңĹ֮ƣڲͬĪľš
ˮֻ֮ţ½˲٣ؾѰˣҲ٣ҪֻǱӣЩԸϣȻҲһΣգ˿̣
򶨣ˮ֮ȴûʵʩĸɾԪѶҲϴ󣬶ңΧô˻Ҫһ
Ǻˮ֮ϣĹҡ
㲻ϲƱʲôʱҲ˵ˣһȥֱĵˮ֮ͷĿѣѪûˮ֮ѣιʱˮ˵ˣҪѪ⡣
ˮ֮õӣһؾҪҵġ
δ˵꣬ͱϴϣԳƱӣ
һץ۱ˮꡣ
Ҫ
ӽԳƱӣ㲻ϲ˵𣿸˵˵
ұ۶䣬ˮꡣ
ԳƱӣ˵ô˵ˣ
ץˮ֮ȣˮ֮ѾǴˣʱ˿̵ĳϣһħʮħҳɣΪһɣȾҪֱֻ۵³֪ڶʲô𣿡

һͣˮ֮״вһ㱣סˡҲͬʱ˵һ·Ҿ͸ڶʲô

ˮ֮Ĳҽɱֵ߲˵㲻֪ڶƾԣ˵̤ڶţʱҸӲĶ֣Ҳ
ԳƱӣˡ
ˮ֮кȻ˺ȣѿڶӸ㡭
ãܺã˵
Ͻ˺һС룬ˮ֮ﻹҼԳȥֻ˵ڶţ⣬֮⣬ŹңҸ̤ڶŵĹؼ
꣡
һȣˮ֮ӣѵ㲻֪𣿡
в
ˮ֮Լʲô취Уһ㲻Щ˾ҲܾҲҪһѣҪһᡭ
ţˮ֮˵֮⣬ҪͨںȻʣˮ֮ؼ˵ȥлˡ
ǣˮ֮ʧˣһȥļûУ˵ţǵ֮ͨںرʡ
Цˣȥ򣬶𣿡
㡭
ڵһᣬ𣿡
Ϊʲô
ˮ֪֮ԼͼôᱻʳȣˣȥʹͿϵ֣ؿץʱʣӵÿһ֪ҪǱץϣˣ׵ˣҲڳҪץϵһ˲䣬ˮ֮Ѫˮ꣬Ժһϣ㲻ɱңɱң峤¸ɱ㣬ɱ㻹ҵС峤ʱͲɳɱ֡

һףòϣˮ֮˵ãȷʵмֵ棬ɲ޾׷ɱһˣ£󣬻ŵζǡ
ʱˮ֮
ֻһɫӡ£ըڿУɫӡ²֪Ǻα϶Ƶһˣˮ֮û¾Ѫ˵ڽգһ仰£ϣһᱨģҪŮˣˣȫ


1530 鷳٣ɱ٣
ˮ֮µĻŭ˵ս񣬰ұôңꡢpޣˮ꣬һȥ
δ䣬ѽΪ򣬸򵽿ռ֮˺ˮ֮ʧĵطԪգһȥԪյֿʼＷȴܲˣʩչռѭΡڸСռѰˮ֮ӰԪеĿ񱼣ȲԭеĿ񱼣Сռ裬֪򣬲֪롣
ʵϾˮ֮ôصˣҪľӵԶԶģȥζǣǣһһˮ֮׼֮ˣҪץסζҪЮԣΪһĳ֣սǻȥػ
Ԫı罫ˮ֮µѪ֮࣬ȫˣϴʮСռ䣬Ҳûҵˮ֮˿ټ
ϽüһݣˣܶԶڴԪյĿУֶʱ䣿һ˼ǣȭ֡ȭ֡ȭ裬ת䣬ñͿ񱩵ĴԪգӿˣ̶ڶ
ϴ˾٣ΪƳˮ֮ȻԪСռ䣬ÿСռ䣬Ƕţ໥֮ϵһСռĿ񱩣˼ޣƱػӰ쵽ӵСռ䣬һʮʮ٣ٴǧǧ򣬾Ĵӡ
ϻüڵĴԪָȥһ˲֮䣬ȴҲо壬Ӧſ񱩵ĴԪŰҲǴߡ
ֻǳϻɻЩʱȥˣĴԪҲǼ󣬿ǣЩûˣʲôûУʲô塢ӡ֮ģûУϵһѪħѪľ϶ɻɣǲǽԸˡ
ϵĿըȻЧһ൱΢Ĳҽڱи̶𣬳ϱ񾭣һʱ䲶׽Źѹȥ
Ȼˮ֮ڶʱʧȥӰ
˫𣬹øˣ΢ҽٴ׷ٴػغü֮󣬳Ͻ۳һ˲ȥʱɾκˣֱϿǺĻ

εĲҽΪ÷ĵطԶ϶ŷȥûпˮ֮ӰֻһС
һǡȭȥ׷صԭƬأȴѾ˺ϲŲܵ˺δĿ⣬ǰ滹ŵˮ֮
˿̵ˮ֮ûǰźݻƣޱȣϵѪѾһ𣬳Ŀģ׹ǵĹ֣գӳԶаһ㣬ڲˣҲˣڽȥͻֱӱɴԪյһ֡
ã˺򣡡
ˮ֮ңеĺˮˮ֮ӿۣˮ֮úе޸ƣ۳˫˫ţϼ״ҪˮӸ㣡
ʱ䣬ˮ˷ӿˮ֮Ԫһһȥͱըˮ֮۳˫˫Ҳٴѣˮ֮Ҳըѡ
㲻ɱңɱң鷳ʹˡ
ˮ֮óǰһУԴʱ䣬ﻹʧһУ鷳٣ɱ٣ɱɸɾ
ۡ
ˮ֮ɫһƬ԰ף׳ϲٹ˼ʲôˣ˵ϻὫץסʱǻҲ˼˵㣬ˮ֮óץסǰľ궼ˮ֮е𣬡оñҿ汦Ҫ߼ıкܶܶ࡭
˫гһߣһɱ֮⣬йˮ֮Ĵ鲻ԽĪǳ׷ɱˮˣǸɫ֮⣬˵½Ƕƿնģͨƿնǰô˵ǳ䣬ӦҲֵò˹עɣЩͷƵȵȵ֮ƿ飬¶ɣն˵½йŹ֣ʲôŹ֣ôû飿ǰûȴˣİɣ
ʣ˲ӿͷҲд𰸣ǣһж½ػסվѪħѵļ֮أ
ˮ֮ڴţϺˮˮ֮У˹ȥʱڳ϶Уղ֣󣬱ĳһˡ
Ӱ֣𣬡ñ


1531 
ñںδ
һѣпԿ磬о죬ǿѣȴǰ˿˿ûУȻѲһ㣬У˴֣˵ʵһ㣬ҲΪ
ڡ֡
ˮ֮˵дϲæƴȫ˵Ŀֱϣ˳ˮ֮Ŀ⣬ϣͳ̰Ŀ⣬͵⣬˳ӿҲ˳ϵΪûдﵽ
е˼ΪôȴѹǹӴ
˵ţֿˮ֮ˮ֮ȻˣϡΪ֮ʱ۾֮⣬ˮ֮Ĳ״ﶼһǡ
ҲֻһǣȫĶ˳ϣ⣬ֻҪһ֣ͱضҪɱУֱӽǸйŹֵСնɱɲ﷭
ȴǳųϣĸ½ģ½ģǴ½ģ
ɱң
ϲʣ䣬Ҳûϵϻ˻شϵ⣬˵֪мֱ£ȻҲһɱңǣҪˣڻҪѹƣȴʲôƴƴù𣿡
Ծ֪ˡ
һЦˣҲҪϵķˣǸӸңҷߣǸˣҲɱ
ˮ֮һ԰ɫӾ֣æղٵ˵½ˣ֮Уʩչ硢ǿľˮ֮ˣֵҪǾһһȥ֮󣬱кϣƷ汦
ˮ֮˵һоȸˣһֲܼ̣ѹǹɿ֮ţӼᶨԼ뷨ôֶεģ϶ͨˣһʲôǲõĴǿɾͲˡ
ʱˮ֮ͻһ˵ˣһͬ飬ǸӣֱܹӽƷ汦ײ飬Ǹͬʵߣֻǿŷˮ֮Ϊ֣ܳ⽫սʵ˵òһ
ֱӽƷ汦飿ʲôķ˾ţ۾̰͸Ũˣųϣ˵ôѡģټȥƣ͸ˣ
ϸᣬֱˮ֮ˮܾ֮Ϳ־ֱңֵܣˣȾңˮк񱨡
۾ųϣ۾ӿƣˮ֮ˮʲô֣
ˮ֮߳ֻҪң϶д󱨳ġ
֮߳ǿһȡ
仰ֻϳĬţΪõ棬Ǳߣˮ֮ˮ֮˵УǷ峤֮ɱһǸǸ壬ҪطԽƳһķң峤˸ı꣬Ǵ˵еķҲпܵġ
壬
һߴոһӰ֣һ£üɢһϢһᦡ
Ǹˣ۾һ裬ôҲˣ¿Ѱˣ֪ͲôϻֱӰСӸɵ˷ܡ
ͬʱȴ˵棬ôҲˣ
СӣãϷΪãһ˭ˬӣ˵Ϸ򣬻ȻϷ
棬Ϊ㣿
һԡ
üͷ壬Ϊûߣһף澳磬ǣĹ֣ר꣬˷ʤ˵ѾԽնɱ澳ߣȻ֪ϢǼ٣ɻȷʵܼ֣ʼǸˮС˵ģҲ֪ǲģҪôõıܷŹ˸һЩۣ˱ӡ
ʱˮ֮ȴϲ˵ϣСӵϣǸ壬ϼѻ壬ڡˮ֮Ҳ˵ȥˣΪϵ֣Ѿץˮ֮ͷϣ
涢ų˵Сӣ֣ѻ˵ꡣ
꣡
Ϸ֣û𣿡
ûܷŭֻһҡʱĪ֣ϸоԼˣʲôסһ
СӣҲϷĻϷͰᦣ
˵ţӰͻʧͬһʱ䣬Ӱ⴦ռ䣬ŭСӣϷǰ


1532 ɱӰ
СӣϷǰ
һŭȣᦾֱһգǸ˵ӰֳһͿײϣȣ棬㡭
ϷôˣΪһ棬ͻϷ㣬СӵꡢȵȣȫϷģ˭ҶϷ˭꣡
ûӲûץ˳ϵĴͿȥȴϻͷһߣ۾ء
ʱ洩һϮµ˵磬Ȼô󣡡
һ·ΪӢ˵˭ûֻоñ˭ٵıǸٹȥپͻͻء
˵Сֵܣ֪ĸ½ʲôɣ
˭ֵܣʶ𣿡
˺԰˵ĻҲˣһϣܲˣҪεƴһɰȴǵһЦ·ʲô¶ûһЦֻӵհһ·ɣ
ˣԸߵȴ½½ŵӣջ˫˶һ˫ӣ˫ĸо治һĺã˵֮󣬶Ű˵أʲô֣

Ҳǡ
˫ֱӴ˰˵ĻȻֻһЦһŭûУ˫ֶԳ˵Сӣٿͷپຣ
ϻû˵ЦϷû˵˵½ëͷСӣҲϷǰ񣬿ǻˡ
֮ѣʲôţٿ澳磬Ͻıһ˫˿˷
澳
Цݸˣͷ򣬾ζķһһˣ˵ЩɱԽıҲ٣ҪȰˣѱ˵
Цִǡ
ջһ㶣ʶң
񵶻֪ܲһƽ׽˵Цݣǿ񵶻Ҳһȴûзϡ
ҲЦţȴţ˿϶ǸЦ滢ЦݣĲɱĻòܽϳȻһͨˣҪлᣬҪȽСӸɵǸʲô˫澳Ҳҳݣˣ
ƶŰˣ֪ǡ
٣һ֡
У
־ԻΪǶû֣ţ϶һҲͬ˼
ڳֻл˫ûȥܣһӣЦ˵ҪٿپؾԽԽ࣬ڻֻĸһ˵ͻҪˡ
ֻҪٵıټһɱһ
˵ȴЦ˫ӣΪȷʵܸߣҪһ֣㲻ҲҪʡ
˵ȷʵҪʡ˻棬ʰ˫޼ɵ˵ţǸۡҧرأЦлǵȻЦݣ˵˫ӣϷ֮Ϸ򶨻Ļ꣬ΪϷˡ
ٷ㣡
˫˵žͳȥƢ𱬵òУ񵶻Ҳ汼ȥһνӣ湥ʱˮ֮ȴЦŻվŵĳϣЦСӣ㲻Ǻܿ㲻кֶܶ㲻Ժܸڣôˣ
ˮ֮ȷʵܸˣǵĵͱˮ߳ϵӣûбЩӦòὫնɱɱûʲôô˵ƽһУֻҪͻȥܵõĻر֮ͶѣֶΪأ
ɵĻ棬ҲüɵˣΪ˵Χ֮»ԣˮ֮ΪԼסˣ˫˫ûˣǺ׵һ¡
ˮ֮ųϣһһ˵Сӣˣӻῴڱӵǰ֮ǰ˵ĻҲһŮˣǶҪ
СӣǲǺܺݱӣԳƱˣ򱾹ӰɱӰ
ۡ
ˮ֮ЦȻֹֻؿڿѪ֮ɫĴ۾ϣֱųϣ㡭㡭
ϵһѪܵ࣬ˮ֮࣡


1533 㲻䣡
ڳˣһֱЦӯӯУǿԴĻ˫ǼΪĿ񵶻޾Ļ棬ʧ˫˫ţزеˮ֮
ûнϷ
ϸȫȫˣ
϶ľ֮±ɣ
ϣϾȻˣץˮ֮࣬ǿ໹ڲѪ
һĻ˴󺧣Ļ˫û˵Ϸ·Ŀ֮ɫҲʧһ£ϵЦݣҲʧһ˲䣻иҲõ˵࣬ҿһһоǻ棬ûǰ⻭𾪣úˣ
Ҳסһʱû˵
ֻˮ֮ķӦ죬ΪʹΪоţҽţţ𣬡㲻ϲƱ㲻ǽӴ㲻Ҫɱ𣿡
һˮ֮ԴȥڻعȻû׳ôᦿƣȴףһˣܷŭҡᦣߴȵСӣϷ㶯𣿸Ϸס֣

һͷȣУȭ˲ⲻǳϵȭͷ󣬶űХֱ档
滹ûдӳϺȳġ񣬼Ϲִ֮£ҡᦵȥһоһɺ֮ײײ壬ʮס
ϣȭϣѳ˿ڣѪֹûк˰벽
һĻٴˣ˵Уκˣֹ
ٵ磡
Ȼ۳ʵ壡
Сӣһǽ͹ˣȻһȭˣ
˾̾ŭ棬ȻΪֻ澳磬ֻҪһţ澳ߣҲҲӣΪնɱ澳ʵǲǴ˵ʵҲһֱԴΪԺ
Ȼڣ˿̣һΪûеСӣһȭˣȻֻʮףʮף˵ǳ裬öĻ棬Կ
СӣҪ꣬޾ĥţ趯ָĹ⣬ϵץȥ
ǰ̤һӽˣ
㡭
Ӵϵ۾ܵŨɱϢһͣҲһͣϵĵɪɪоһж˼ˮ֮Դϣ
ˮ֮ԴûбǣȴûˣΪԴϸĽˮ֮ĶȻѾû˫ȵ棬˳
С
˶һǻӣһ顣
ˮ֮ͫ׷ŵˣҲûףôὫɱˣǾŶԣôأ
ˡ
ȷʵˡ
ѪҪɽҪ֮ʱϽ˹ȥţˮɱˮ֮ʬ塢Ѫȵȫסûˮ˵Ļ󣬽֮ս˴
һУĿⶢŻ棬˵ҪӵĻꣿ
ϷҪĻ꣬㻹
ܺã
˵ţתͷ񵶻Ҫȡӵ
񵶻Ĭ۾гɱ⡣
ֶ˫Ҫӵı
ģıǿ㣬ΪɱһˣһֻСè͸ҶԱٴˡ˫˵ţ˫Сèֻһɣ󲿷ֵעǷڳϣųᦿƵġ
ϲੲݵĻ˫Уأ
Һ㣬ѡ
ЦŽ⻰˵ûһ㶣︹ţ̶ˮԽԽˡ
㲻䣡
˵Ļ˵Ǿ仰𾪣ǶΪϻ˳е̨ȥΪٹŹ֣ԵĿĸ棬ܻù𣿳˿У·ɻ
ԼôΪģ
ǣƫƫܾˣǳУлЦ˭ÿóЦݲҪˣҵѣҪҵĵˣҵĵˣǽһʹ£
룬Ѿһһ̤ȥܾ·Ϊף··мҴҸϵĿʲôΪ˾ñȵ𣿶һٶȴ뷨˵õĸ࣡
ڲһˣһˣԺ棬еζǣм֮أЩ½˭ỳźģ
УҲǰĸˣ
СӣϷ겻ܿƵģ˵ˣϷСȻϷҪ㲻ˣ˵ţȴһȣҪɱɱʲô
Ŵһȭƿȥ


1534 
һȭ졣
˵֣Ͷ֣һҲ
û뵽ϱҪȶ֣ͷŭȼգꡱһӿ̵ĺˮ˲ŷǿƣźХųȥᦸӿһֱڴȣСӣϷܾˣΪ֣һǿˣߣϷ澳ǿߵ꣬ˣ㲻һССʥꣿ
ᦣ㣡
ҡεϣĹ磬ܿռﴫ֮Ѿǰȭͷ֮࣬࣬ȴסˡ
ЦСӣ㲻ǺܿϷԽɱˣΪҲԲϷǰһ꣬Ҫο㣻ԽǿϷԽϲҪ˱С˵ǿ꣬ϷᦿһƷףԺǶ澳ǿߣϷҲһƴ֮ˣСӻ˵Ůǻں棿ϷһȺãŮ˵Ԫ
ģ
Ļû˵꣬Ǹסȭͷһζˣȭͷŵʵʻ˲䱬о࣬Ʊһ汦սݺݴһ£ԲԲֱ࣬Ӵɱƽ״汩˿ȥӰˣͱץס
ڳץסһ˲䣬Ԫڤ˲ӿֱ˸ʵʵ󣬿Ϊ
ϷסĻ꣬Ϊʲôܶ
ӵĻ꣬úܣĸ
ȭͷըȥ汻ͷĿѣҪǻûдӳˡȻɻУعʱų˵Ǿ仰ʲôлúܣһˣֻһ𣿡
ۡ
ѪĽС˫㶵ؿǰĳôҲû뵽ôһرУȻǻĳڡһ֮µǿߣʤϸû¶һоԼһľ켴ָֻ˵ȻЦݣȻôˣҾͱҪս
˫һ֮Ҳǻָ˿̬ǣ˵ĶĻ棿˵棬û˵˼Ҳ꣬һ硣
񵶻ųϵӰСӣȫҵϣҪڻпҪѹƣֻ»ѾˣӦûɱвŶԣ
ϷڵĴԪÿһȭܴǻ۷ʱ򣬳аգһȭͽؿڸһѪ
еһУֻǵʯ֮䣬꣬ԪϢŨԣϷΪСӣ
ʶʲô飬δ䣬գһԪϵԪڤپͱѳĩΪѾӰ۷壬䵽˸̤һ̡
ɶСӣϷҪɱ㣡
Ϊúףʮʱ䣬۷壬½ûʲôԵȻ澳ǣ̶һʱ䣬ͰʮĹȫˡ
в˸ŭ죬һĶСӣϷҪ㣬ᦣɣȥ
ŭУϿպȻֻһ͸ǣģȱĻ壬ɲǼܿռ䣬ȫޱȣצҧȥ
ȻдɱС
ţˣɲ뱻΢΢һЦƺ֮Уųϣһأ㻹ܲܶȹҺڴ
˫ô񣬰벽ҲδˣԱֳмһ˵ӣֻ滷ƣȻЩ棬ȫ򵥣ˣһЦ
Сӣһֻ꣬ϷλˣϷҪ㣬㣬ų꣬Ϸܹͬףţɨһˣߣ֮ϷҪģģ
ϿûκξȣֻһͷҪ£ΣǣһۻԪ˫Χ
𣬱ܵ־˿У۾һУΪܾĻ̫ˣ˵ţھѪϣдǣϷ֮Ѫף֣
Ѫ⡢Ĺ⡢ɫâһ䣬ţϣȻһף󣬴Ｗȿֺҧš
ʹӿȫʹ꣡


1535 һˣ
꣬ô¶ϵΪֹʮ֮һȻоԳ˵ġӡءӡСӡ޼ҲоڲԪ㡰͵ꡱؼе˿ûм٣ࡣ
֮ǰϱᦵġסʱǽ͵ꡱؼ롰ӡءϢһɽ꽫Լˡ
ڵġɡȴʶƵģֱɽ൲Ҳ֮סٻꡢľꡢ꣬ȻеãȴǱˮн΢΢תƣ
ˮҲڣۣÿܻ󣬵ڣȱһ
⣬꼷ӣʹôԪŰϵѾӦǱŰһȴǻϽͣʹŴٱֹҲó϶ѣ
ˣôҲûõģж꣬жٹŹ֣ԹԵسΪᦵϰɡһЦ˵һŵҩָӣΪ֮⣬ղųϵȭͷɵ˺ɲܺӣңҲһЩδĹ㣬Щ㣬ƻѪ⡭
С˫˿ųϣţдŸԵ̣ĿǰһµĿ꣬ɳ귭ྣܾˣó֮ǰܵĵʵ
ȻѾǴ㹻ľȣɵǣǻǲųľ֮£ܻܷΪʤ
ţȻնɱ澳ߵʵһ׻꣬˭ͷƤҪ飬ѾˣһҪûնɱȻǺ
пŻ棬ü両˼ɻ󣬻ϿûʲôܸоЩطԾ⣿
ϽҧݣòҽӺĳϼ⣬һȴ䣬ù濴ϵĲ״һЦϣСӣʲôҪǶ׸ϷϷһ·
ҰǶ֮ɱң𣿡
ޱȣɫһڣԴøˣȫŭǴԳ˵ģɳȴûд˵Ҳ˸
ȻɫһʣʲôղŻҪʲô滹ڸ֮ˡ
ȴ뵽ʲôЦһſڻ˫ǲмһ˵ģ
濴˱飬ŭȣСӣ㲻Ҫòʶ̧٣ڲʶ̧ٵˣϷҲ飡
ٴιػζײУһҡӿ£о׶Ĵ̻ʹľټȥȻҪˡ
һתĿвɫȻסǾǽɣ̰ɣ̵ɽľ̵꣬ý꣬ô̲ꣿ
룬Ϸſз۵һת̽棬һɷ㶣һʣʲôѰ
ЦСӣǭ¿ˣעһȥȻ㣬Ϸһ̣ˣĶϷ򣡡
ʲôһɣһˣ
̣
Ŀڴ仰ϵľʹˣСһЦ˵ҪꣿЦϷˣ̰̾ɣϷҪô̵ģ
㣬
Ͻӿӵ꣬ȫ˵棬һ£ѹڵһԹ㣬ʩչְ
˵Ŀǰʱ
ǣҲǿ˳ϵȴûг֣ڿţڵţų֧Ųסȥһ̣񵶻
Ԫһ𣬱ţԪڲͣʧܵӰ죬ƺ̫󣬳ĿǰҲûкõİ취ֻ̡ܲͣ
ʵʱ˿̣ǳͣҲͣˣԽԽ꼷룬ϵ忪ʼ˴һ
ֻӣɱ󣬾óָ˵Сָ⣬ָ󣬶ʮСָȴǺӰ죬ô
ֻСָǹͷ
ͬСָһ˹ͷĵطҲû͡
ҲΪϿҸǱˡ
Цɻ
ȴЦʵСӣζΰ


1536 㵽׻Ҫʲô
ڵĸоʹ࣬ܣ
ϵܺʹ࣬оϣԺʹȵȣǰôԪӿĸ򣬸ýӽ֧飬ӿ룬ϸоԴҪըˡ
꣬һֻһ꣬˻٣̵ɽ꣬ϸ˵˵꣬ˮ꣬ˮǵѪ
ɴ˿̣һ꣬ǻȡģ֮꣬Ȼ󲿷ֱĨȥԭʶϣ궼ųģһ꣬ųųϵꡣ
ǿ󣬴ʱҲһĶֻ֣ǼϢ֮䣬ϵҲմȾϱգһɵ˺󣬿ɳϵģ

ڿХţǲģˣûػеĺˮӿţƸܵ˳ϵķŭ
Сӣһǰ꣬ϻҪСɣϷ꣬ٻһۼϡ
ƫ
ȥɣ
ҪĻˣﻹõ죡
˾Ϳųһȥʱʱ½Ѿ˵Ϸ򲻹죬Ҳ
㵽׻Ҫʲô
ͻðһ仰һ㶣֮ǰֳԸ񣬾ײԸôͻһ·
ϲѿ˵ǰסϷһʱҪģǳϵ꣬Ԫڤ٣ΪΪĶʧû̵ʶҪܹɱΪټ깥ڵ״̬۷棬澳ߣնɱˡ
˵ԾȻлûȫ¼飬ֻҪϽǸҪ֣䵽˵
˫񵶻ǰ̤ȥȻҲǶ˺˼˫˵ţѱ٣ûһƻ꣡
һ仰оƴ䣬֮ǰǳƴ˿ϷڣеҶҪֵķ֮һߣòҪϷ򣬷򣬱Ϸ򲻿ϷᦣҪΪ꣬ԽԽá
˵꣬תͷԳ˵Сӣ콻Ϸһ
һ
ХޱȵطֳЩؿǿʵʻӣֻСָӣˣҺ壬ͬһȪ˵֮ڣת֮٣Ͱٱ
ɲǼ䣬Ԫһ꣬ȻûܵӰ죬ԼҲԽԽȻûкתŬҪըԴڻʲôõġ
ԪҺԴԴϵȴЧˣǲУˮײӰ֪٣Ѫɫ״ڵУҲûãʲôʲôţֺ˳ʲô

Ȼ׳ЩǰԲĻʲô˼˫ͣס˽Ų۾Ʊ仯滹ţСӣأϷҪ
أؾ֮У䵽֮еѪӣȵ㣬ȫ㣬ǣ
ȥѪӣ
Ѿǧ֮󣬳ڽѪϵ˵ʱѪ˲䣬е꣬ʼ˱仯պˮУ
ͬʱҲˣǰеǸ㡱ָĲʱŭ죬˫ӦЦ˼棬ֻҪèȴϷˣ
˫˵ƤٺҲŲȥο˵ƤܹԽնɱΪߵߵ£ԽԽԽԽʢܵ༤
£ӰһһĳȥδĲλ
飡
˭Ϊϻᱻ߷ɵһߣһɵۣȷʵǷˣɻҲˣ̶ġꡱ죡

澪ţԼҽţǾʹʹĽŹǣˡ
ô
ţ˵棬ԭôһ֮˶򲻹ˣΪüأ

˫ֻһЦпϵϣЦһȴ̾ϵĹŹ֣治һĶ࡭
̶ЦЦ֮û䣬𣺡ϷҪŰ㣡󣬽Ϊ֮ǰýߵһλ


1537 δ֪Ŀ£
˵Ϊ̫ߣҲ߱һţԼĽŹǸ˵زʵȴʵطˡ
ʵԻ˵һĶ⣬һĳ裬Ҫϴˢ裬ϴˢ÷ʽֱӵǽǿղĲλˣ
ԣ涯ᦣһֹɱУԽɱ˵ĵƣȫϣЩؼ֮⣬ᦵƷףҲǲͣǶ汦
ͼΪ׵ᦣڻӿȫеͼٳ֮£ø湥ȥﻹѣϷϷ㶪
ͬʱǼ״׼ãǳӲһɥµĻǾҪˣûõϵеıʹû绢
ϷĹͷжӲϷѣ
ϾŻŶƽһ£ᦻڳϣ顱һը죬ٴܵһɷ֮֮ǰأȥҪ͵˴ϣѪˣò׻ָɫ˲Ѫף
־ȻҲ᲻صޣٱˣҲֻѣΪֿܽǰٷ֮㼸
Ȼٷ֮㼸ĸʣͳˣ
ɲǼ䣬ֽϸɵĳ嶯֮ǰϸĸоеܽһƵǰزȷʵһĽնɱڿһĻһĻ𾪵£ϸĸоδ֪
ʲôµģ֪ǿ󣬶δ֪Զ֪ĵж٣֪óֶΣ֪ļ޵
ˣҪδ֪ĴڣǣסˣΪһ֣ľƾͻܲһֵǣδ̶֪һ³
˫ڿЦԻ˵棬ҪɱˣǱٿɾҪ֣ˣ
Ϸ
ҪӶ˫𹥻ȴһȫɱˣһۣעڳϣǰҪģСӡ
ʵڻҲܵһӰ죬ȻĹͷǿޱȣģϾǳϣ˿̵ĳϣ֮еƣԽԽ꣬ˣ˰
ŰԽԽŨԼ꣬ҿʼЩʮϢϾ͸о˷ܣԵ˷ﵤһ⣬бǿϢ
ͬʱԺһЩģ壬ԼԼǲȱȫ䣬ֱ죬ȴûȥ룬塣
еȫǿӣŲ֪ɶ;Ѫӣ˵ӦǺŶԣƫƫоԼڳ޾
ǾʹҵĴ𣿡
ţָоȴǿң켴϶ԶĻ棬һ̤˹ȥֱ̤ǰܵţɺˣᦹԼϡ
ֻһȥ

ֱӱ߷ˣ³ѪڿлһѪᦹסؿڣҲȥ߹Ǿѡ
Сӣ
ںţһȥûӲƴϽգʧڳǰһСӹȻǸµδ֪򲻹ȴǺףֻҪԪգûа취ˣΪ澳硣
ţͫ͵һϾȻֻµĲƴ˺ȥѷӰһԾҲʧ
⡭
ҭˡ
һʱ䣬еӰʧţ˫ӰҲʧˡ
Ԫһ˵СӱɣﻹȻ˵ţͻظоһɹϮ
͵תȻ󿴵˳ϡ
һ̣ɫ̡
һţʵ˻ϣֶһݵĿӶȴûиоʹһ㣬ֱôҲܵ
һԪգͼ룬һأȴǸоʹˣ֮ٸ죬֮ǰӵˣǿоȻǰʵ
Щԭ𣿡
ϻס֣ץȥǴСһָﾹȻһëȻĸо


1538 Ҫ
ץס
˿̣ͷǻԺΨһͷӳżɱԽıЩƷҲͣƽʱõĻ϶˼˼ڻѾ˲ôˣϸ𾪣вʵ̫ˣһ˿ǶûУˣͬʱСռ䴩ȥ
ϻǵһνԪıըټϴԪǱĿϸը˻ԲѣǷǳпܵ顣
Ȼڣǵʹ˺͵üΪ쳣ĳ˵ò̫󣬳ϸֱڿʩչˡռѭΡѭ׷ٶȥ
һСռ䣬һʱͻ뵽һǳص£Ѿôʱ䣬ɻûн̵ⲻܰǸ澳ǿߣ£Ҳûмôʱ䣬Īǿ߻ҪǣʲôŹ֮
ţ׷ɱȻѣһ̵ݣؼᦣ¾ѪһǿɡһҪһЩ꣬ػ
һȴ㵵ط֣һҲûյûһɵˣõᦡδ
ᣬһץסᦣһϷᦣ㲻ܶ
ˣ
ң
ʲôҵģӲҪᦣҪ
ϷҪҪĻ꣡
ӵĻ꣬
ϺţӴӿһ㽫ᦳԼųһȭ棬ɢɫĹâϧ潫󲿷ֵˡᦡϣʱѼΪڡȭ֮ײʱɫâһû
̶ȭצץסӣҲʼͣоƴطҪӿڵǹɹȥǣ߶ȥ󺣣һĵֿöû𵽡
壬赲ƤͣоÿһѪ⣬ÿһͷһѪܣͣȥĽǡ䡱һը죬ʲôûˡ
һ̣ˣҪûǡñûһ˻ˮǸжãҪûԼԽնɱ澳ǿߵ磬˿Ϸ֣ǸжãҪǡ
̫Ҫǣȴı䲻ǰľơ
ͬʱϵӣȴʼСΪ걻ɣ⣬ЩӿĴԪʹԽԽ΢˵ϵӦ񱩵һƬĴԪΣա
Ӧ֮󣬳ϸǾϲط֣ԿЩǽӿڵעڣϵȻףһС仯ڽľУǶôҪ
飡
飡
飡
ӵĳЩλʼһˣ˻ңңֻҪңҿǷһ飬һ顭
С˫һһ֣Χ˵ĸоѾﵽһֻųϣѾˡΣաıǩ
˫˵ƨãõ飿
濴ԼҲˣ˵ֻҪǾңҿΪǰ£κ飬һдôġ
ãһʥ۸أʲôãɨأϴ룿ǲӣ˫˵浹ŭŭûС
ȴЦ˵£̫ˡ
ʮ
̫ˡ
һټ
ҡͷУ
˵Ҫټ
Զ
ʲô˼
ֻҪ㳼ңұһ
ԥңˣȻ֮䣬Ҫڱˣ˵ˣˣȥǸ
Ҫ⣬֧Ų˶ʱˡ
лһƵģȻ׾ٵһһҪûˣǾʲôûˣֻҪڣһ죬ǰġ
һ룬׼ӦУп飬һĵ»棬Ѿûʲôˣ滹дôġ
ʱ˳Ķ˭ߣ


1539 һ
Ķ˭ߣ
⻰һЦ˵ѵģҪ
û˵꣬ϾͽϣҪɱұѣΣϵŷ̵ζ
񵶻۾һУ˫ЦٵģҶ𣿡
ûᣬֻų˵ɱҲǲԣҪһңʮ֮ڣ֮
ϿЦ
Ц𣿡
𣿡
һʣһȭ棬ȡһξѪ濴һ㶣ʵҪʲô
ǳ
ܣ
ȻܾУеΪߣϿ񾳶ṳ̂룬Ҫǣ³ȫݳͣôܳԼĳأ
ЦˣЦУȫžžһ죬ʹֱвѣȴ˵Ϊ𣿡
˵꣬ϽѪһ̣ԡ桢л˫ǲԣȴһȣ
أеЦݣȫʧˣȡ֮أǳء
Ҳһǵһ̾Ѫʱ򣬾ϳģ꺮֮һʲôҲ֪ѵ֪
ʵǴʲôطõģ
Ҳھʵʲô
һʣдлعȵһ֣һǵѪȫȻӦԵģһˣһ档
ʲô
һ滹ʵʲôģ
ɹͽһ֮䡣бϳ߻شŻ棬ȴľȻʵֻʥǰ棬ôƵңͲ·𣿡
ɣԳ֮˵ǰ棬棬ֻҪҪա
˵ţӰڴԪյĿУƮ˸񵶻ˡҲϳȥҪʱ˫ͻسֳǰ˵澳ĸ֣ȻֶԸһʥСӣҪȥǿ϶ǿˡ

δ֪̫࣬ã
һ˾ͽնɱˣòǳ֣
˫ǳţһǻȭֱײϣ뻪״໥һۣͣ˽ŲָԴ̣뵽˫ӦĵƳٵƣҪжδ֪
л˫ȥӦòɹţеĿȴǶ˻棬ҪԷһһγϣɹҪٶȣնɱ
˫ȻȭͷǴԪյٵ𣬳۾һݣ˫˵Сӣɣűٻ죬ٲԿ
һɡ
˵ˮ˫һԾף򵥰㻹̤˹һţ˹֮ƣʲôƣ
˵꣬˫ͻɢһֲСţԭǼ˰𣬱šԵа绢ȷʵŵıǮ

һξףо˫İǿʢ٣ӦǺͼǧĽɳȴ壬桱֮һڣӲӲײϡ
䣡
ˮײŰδȴ˺Զ˫ͳ˶ȥ˵˵ñȽԶ
˫ȭĹ֮ƾȻ뱾ٵİֵ֮ģŨôйϤĸоأ
˫оϤԼŵ˳ϵİϢϵӣС״̬Ѿ̫Զڵ꣬ǧ֮ͬʱڼǵξѪﻹţܸ֮ˮ֮򣬿϶Ҳܸܸ֮裬ôأ
мţæȵͣͣɹУʱҪϹĲλûйĲλйŹ֡
ôọ̃˫ȳţֶԳ˵СӣˮȷʵмֵУƱٵĻ𣬻ԶΪ̤˹ڶţ֮⣬
Ծ£
˫ٴιȥһڶſɲǳֵܹģϿ˫ڶ˲¶ģһ֮򣬻Ҫˮ֮򣬲ܳ벻ɣҪһԡ
ΪڶŵĹ֮⣬ȷʵֵܵģһԳɹƴһƴϼȵȻˮУǾˮһϣơһ裡


1540 ҵǸ
ѹɫ
ɫһŻ˫ͷȥ˾סˮ֮˵ʱǿĻǺݺݱ𶯡
пɫſǿʲô𾪵һ˫ҲһС㶣İԵǿǱȻǿ壬һɫܵ˶ѣҪ˫һȭɫ
¡һը죬ɢ˫ȭͷϣʮѺۣͷͷҲֱֱ˫ȵҲȲ㣬һʱˣڣٹ°ɣ
һǰʢܸǿġԾ¡ȥʱžɫϢ㾿ʲôˣôϢɫ
ߣ
һûȥܣֻˮתһˮϡ
Ȼа
ɫҲֻ΢΢һ㶵Ļ˫ˣȥġԾ¡ҲڴԪУ˫ȭͷΧҲûһ˿һյش
Ϣ䣬˫Ϣ˵ܼߣѰ˿ɱȣֲ㲻Ըűٻ죻ٽǽնɱˣҪնɱ㣬ٵİƷʣ϶һ¥˵ܽرʣ̤ţ
˵ţ˫ûȭơ֮ȵȣͬʱЦСӣ֪Цʲô𣿡
ûлشΪȡ˲ʱ䣬ǣ֣֮ƣһ裬߸룬ųš
˫Цš
Ǳߣַ˳ϵһδ֪ЩϲЩ
ȴͷƤҪըĸо˵ƺ島йϵǿʵ廯ƺֺ߹ұߣǰˮתʽӦɣɣСʲô֣ľ½𣿻ǵĳЩ˵Ĳ֣ǵĻǻ˵Ҫǲ֣ҽնɱ϶ᴥһһѹô治һ鷳
˫Цһȵȶ۵òˣ˵Сӣһǰ·ҵģٷģһһֹֻһƣһ⣬һֵơ⡢һģ㲻̤һǰ֮ƣڶžͱɱ֮⣬ǲеģеģڽֲͬƣںһֹϣֱȡƻĹΪսչҵƴɱֱĹٵ
ֻһƣ
ţȷʵо֮֮ˮ漤ҵɱǣϲûзνͲţϲȴɳʥ˺ռѷ죬ҲΣ
ôӣ㻹ģ
ǾԵģ
˵ʲô
ˮεȶ룬һ壬֮֮ƻȫΪβ棿ֻûҵʵķ
治׼ʽƾ壬һġ˫˵ţһһȥһ˫һ˫𡭡
ϲֻţ֮ƣǰ֮ƣŲ𲻹棬֮ðŨҲܴٽ֮ƣӦศɲŶԡ
ȻִԲǱپûˡ˫ͷҲ˻Χֻһ˫۾͸ſԭ
ѣңҵĲǼ򵥵򣬲Ǽ򵥵ĹͨǸ裬֮֮ƸҴˮкβɣ
˫УһˮһҫС
˫ѾǰȵСӣ
ϳĬ
˫ûмʣֻ˵ٺȻÿϾͿԽˣڱٵϣһҫ
񷣡
˫һ˫۾͵ŻŻһ˫ȫ˸ˣһɺ嫵İ춯أڻ˫ȳ񷡱ĸֵʱ򣬳˫еˮͻͬһת
ϻһݣéٿ˵︺֮֮ƴ䣬Ҳһֻ֣һվ䰴㸳ˮ򣬲ܽתศ𣿡
£Ϻȵ֮ƣ֮ƣ㸳裡
Ȼˡ
תŵˮ򣬷ʵı仯
޸롢ɱ֮Уеֻ棬Ȼɣ
ͬһ˲䣬˫ɱ


1541 
ǧһ֮򣬸ˮ֮֮ƣ֮ƣǿ֮
ǡʱ˫ġ񷡱ŰɺȻԵƣײһ貴۵Ĺ⻪ôԪâȻʧɫ뻪۶̻澿ʲôɨȥҲʱ𣬻ٴѪˡ
¡ըѸɢȥ˲ǧɡ
֮ǴԪյСռ䣬ȫ飬
ɱըˣײ͸룬ݻѪ⡢ȵеһУͬʱѪɳȥ
֮У˫۾ǰδеľ֮ɫƣǿҪͣס󣬻˫ͣ״
˫ͣˣȴڿˣܵˣӱϿȻ˫ضˣǻδȫָӣݺصĿĵ֡
ȻҪȥЩͷĲλЩλǺúõģֻƤҲظйͷڣϵŸõ˼ıûдӸ˼
ƵĴҲҪѣɾϮ֮ʱһˮ⣬֣˴ըѣ౦СŮܵ˺Ľ޴Ϯȥ֮ʱȴǱˣֻǴը֮£ûע⵽
ǹ֮𣿹ڶžǿˮ֮ƣ֮ƣתЩܴϽ֮ѹ𣿡
ûǿȥӣһƮžĥţϾȣȴ֪˫ľȱ֮һʽ񷡱ںռ֮󣬾澳ǿҲҪ֮âɳϾȻ˸ӲӲҳϽˣûڡ񷡱ȥ
û˫ȵģȥһ˲䣬˳ϽֽȻͬƣںˮϣ˫һĻֻںһƣɳȴںƣ˫÷ǳƣġ񷡱࿹⣬򣬱޽͡
ֻǵһʩչҪǵˣȫˣΪʵȥ֪ջһֹ֮ƣؼһҪŪõ֡
˫ţȴ˺ܴĴſ˶ȥĳ𣺡ٿģǼٵģģܡ
ţ˫̤Ҫû£ǣ̤һ˫Ѫڵأﻹڿ𣬡ٲģ޵еġ
ԶϲһϢˣ˫ˣкܶδ֪ĳϣҲԶˣֻʣУ˵ĶƽΣ
жųϣԥţϸղűֳһУ²࣬ĲմȾôǣµҪӱ˵ҪŻɽɳԺԼΪУʮףһɳʮֿµĴڣ
㻹ڿʲô
δҲûлųȥҲЩɵΪڣȻ֪оʲô֣ںδ
лڿǣͣǧ⣬Ҳڴ˿̣㽫һ꣬ȫԪеԴԴϵӿӣš
ϵ履ݲУΪȴΪǿǿĿ£ԺӿһЩ˼Ҳûһɢɢ˳Լ˼һ
һ棬ٴ𣬴ʱĳϣ뻭һġޱȣΣˣڣҲٸṩڵʩչǡȭҪΣյ澳ǿߣҲȽˣʣµģֻγиոմһУһ
ϿԶĻ棬ӽס棬ҲҪһŵƣмϵ飬ǼޱȵĿ⣬¶ģҪǷŻɽпܻ򣬻ʹնϣһ㡣
ʱжԻ˵ãһһ룬ֳɣ
Цˡ
һǰһϼйȥ˵ɣһжõģ˻棬ѵ˵Χ֮£ӳս棬Ѿ԰ˣֻϧ
Ѫ˰ɣ֪ڣ㻹ʲôδֶ֪Σ
ûзɾ裬ȡ񵶣׼ʩչһһ㷴Ļᣬ仰šѪšδ֪
ͻЦˣһơ
϶Ի˵Ҫδ֪Ҹǣ


1542 
Ҫδ֪Ҹǣ
˻û䣬һ飬ѿʵ㻹ֶΣ
ϻˣ֡
д⣬ҲͲˮȻ֣ʱӿȣͬʱſ񵶣Ӱ´£ƻɢŨŨĽ֮֮Ϣ
ƾܣ׼űɱһҲûţʩչѪħ󷢣תŻ˳תѪҺǿѪɫ
ʱС磬糤ӹգأѪҺڣĭһ룬ۺõҲǾ֮ˮй
ôˡ
ɫ䣬˳Ϊ˵Ǿ仰ǹǵģȴĻδֶ֪Σô죬֮ǰֳģҪٱѪҺڳһΣյϢоҪѪҺȥпܻѪԣҪȥȫѹѪҺѪҺڡ
ҲƵĶͬʱüͷʲô
Զڵػ˫۾˸һĨ֮ɫǰֳĿĿһе󣬾ţܼˣô׵£СӣȻûʧɱɣɱУһս
ԶɵɵؿǰľƣôҲ벻ףƾϵΪĸƴʵУĲΪֶֹΣĹ죬ʵ廯ӵĹ죬ͷĹ죬ԼѪɫ״Ĺ졭
ЩֶΣҲǲѹƣֻĸܣͺñʵ廯ӣγɴءСݣȫ˵棬Ǳ߾ǿߣҲֻɥķݡ
գѪħʥʹǵ츳ܣܱƵ֮ļѲ񣬳ϵɱѪħʥ츳ܼҪǿϿܹʹѪħ츳ܣ
ڳϵƴת֮£뻪ʩչǿĹǾ󲿷ֵʵѹ֮ϣϻ֣ת֮ٶȣȻӿˡ
ϢɹһҰһ񺿽ֺжף϶Ͽˣһ
ǻ˫Ҳǰ׼³ָʹԱʽĹĻ˾
ͬʱӿԺĻ˼Уһ˼΢Ƚһһ׽ɫ䣬òǻţϲ
ʱʵ㵽ʩչʲôа
֪֪ѵ֪𣿡
ҾһϤĸо˵лһ𣬾ȵѪħе츳ܣ
䣡
ڻ˫Ժը죬ּأɫ
Ȼʶ㣬Ҳ֪
ܣѪħ츳ҲҴôӰ죡㡭
һЦѪħ츳ܣҴģ˵Ӱһ𣿡

оѪħˣ
ɣѵҲ֪Ǹ˵ʲôͷ֪ôءţһƣЦӦ˵ġ㲻䡯ֵ˼𣿡
㡭
ûмȥ֮ǰѾԥټѪħݣļƵһʱ䣬Ҳ޼ƿʩ֪롣
˵оѪħ˵֣֪ģǣ֮ǰ棬󼸰ٱҲ档
ȻзŻɽΣգǣΣ˵ԸѡŻɽңҲܽôҪǼȥ˭˭ǻ˵һأ
ʱĿ񵶻ںڣţʲôδ֪ģҪóһСɾҪˡ
һ룬⣬δ֪նɱԲնɱˣֻӣδ֪ԶԶģתˣҪӣ˵㲻뿴δ֪𣿾ôˣǿɾ̫ϧˣһһЩֶûʹء
⣬ͷҲأҲҪƴ񱼣Ϻȵ𣿡£㲻ܿƵأ˻ǰ
ȵ
ôģôһ˵û뵽˿µ飬ϵٴδûᦣȷʵĶ֣ûԱӦûɲʧɣʱûѹƵסѪҺķڣֵܵסҵɱ¾
˿̵Ļһ㶼һƬϳ˵ģȫʵʵ


1543 ƴű

˵ܼ򵥣еĵ
ܡ
Ȼ񵶻񵶻û˿񵶣ǻܽп𣿿񵶻ĲԸ񣬲Ƣǵ˵ţѵҵҪѵҪҵ
ʱ֪ˣҪҵľñдҪɱҵʱô֪
ʣڣ˿˿ǽſ񵶣˵ҪУѿ񵶣У
ðҪԴ˵ҪһξѪ

ɲͻһ͵תų˵ңҪƴҲòȥ
вңðƴ
ţϼǧԪڤ٣ֱסп۾͵⣬棬Ȼ۾ǿ־塣
û֮ǰĻʧһʱоΪĶʧиǺȻٵԪڤٿȥųϣ˵㡭㡭
㲻Ҫв𣿿ӿжԿֻҪһһڣͻ಻㲻ҪƴͲҪѹѪҺȫ
ǾһƬƬɭӿԪڤ٣ĿҪˣҪȥѹѪЩ壬һնɾǣ˳ɵʵȥѹƷڵѪҺʣµʵЩĲȻ󲿷ֵԪڤ٣նɾżҲԪڤ٣ϣһϣͿΪżĴˣٳɶ࣬Ϊ϶½
ңʱƣģʵ½ԪڤΪͻԽ࣬ȫγһֶѭȥˣ㵽Ҫ
仰Ӧ㣬㵽Ҫԩ޳Ҫȡ㵽ҪϷţȡӸ˻棬˵Թͻɵһ죬Ȼ㻯޾
ץסᦡ˵ųϣ˵ģ
ң˰˵ȥûǰһǿ꣬úܣƾ꣬Ӧòʲô¶
һ仰˵пһͣǧͲϣϽն飬Ѿ˵ã㡣
󣬻ȥÿһ˿ÿһʩչؼ趯ᦡһͣҴˣҴ˻𣿡
תͷУʵأ
֣ӿǧζ֮ǰ⣬ޱȵԽУڣȴǿɬҲһȴƵ˾أóһ˵ǼƷ汦𣿡
˵أ
óһϲ˵ó˵Ʒ汦һ汦ôҲ㹻ֲҽյĵ֮˰ɡ
Ļû뵽оȻ׾ͷиָĪĸоΪƴɱпУһȻ
ͬԻģл˫ȴеɵˣһȴǼ仰ܵô౦ɱԽǿˡ
϶У˵ʵ棬в㡣
һЦв󡣡
һԽ汦ķ֮Ժǵѣ˵
лЦţθڣܴ󡣡
ⲻǱƳ𣿡
۾ųоƣ֪ҪӣǻͻԸңǹԪڤ٣Ҳᳯǵض⣬л˫һࡣ
һУͿĿ񵶰ȻȥӴ֮֮ĶԹһʹԸ⣿
Ը⣡
ѿڶЦһͣԳ˵ݡ£ȡһѽ˵˽Ʒűգ
ʱ罣ļ汦ڿС
ɵۡ
˵棬ȥ
ǡ
أӦ˵֮ЩȻɿȻʧˣ˵ô౦Ϊһνľñ
ѭʧΪʲôȻԭġо̸֮ҳһ̸潫˵ڣҿ뿪˰ɣ
ڴһټ档
ҿɲټ㣬ҪпܣϣԶҪ㣡ն˵ţоϵѪҺѾٷڣԻ˵Ž㻹˵Ը⡣
£ӰʧٲӰûжڰĸɴˣҪԳײȥմȾЩҲֵˡ


1544 ʮ꣬Ҫ
оļ汦һƷűĴۣˣ˶εĸоˣһʧ޵Уȴ˵ţȷʵ뿪ˡ
ϻŻ㻹Ҫƴ𣿡
ҡ
Ǿƴɣ
ϻ£͸оѪҺķڳ̶ȣȻһԪڤҲһƬɭ֣ƬƬɳǵأΪڼٵ䡣
֮ǰԸ˵ܣȫڻϣ˶ӾƣûȻ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰˵Ը⡱ˣҪ˵Ը⣬ҪӦϵ
⣬ҲоԼ춯˵ǻĹͣһ˿Ҫж࣬Ű˵𣿡
Ҳйű
ûС
ҡҡͷӣͿҪˣŽеıȫȡ˳ų˵㿴еļҵȫˡ
ɨһۣļҵ棬ɢϢֻǰѿ񵶵Ʒߣȴ濴һϤĶɫơ
ǳռĵ߿ɫƣ
жˣ۾ȴûбֳֻ˵ǰֻаܽڣѾаȡԣЩ
ſ񵶣ᣬ뽫һȥ뵽ӣ͵ؽ񵶱ý˵Դ˾Ѫ˿񵶣û취𣿡
С
ʲô
ֻǲ֪Ը⻹ǲԸ⡣
Ը⡣
ϽӦ˵ʮ걣ڣ񵶻ģʮ֮ػɡ
ҡ
û뵽ôһҪЩԥȴͬʱЩʼΪƣ֪ʱɣԶʮǿɺõ̫ˡ
Ȼ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ棬֣
Ը⣡͵شȣֻҪ˵ģҾ͵ʮ걣ڣħԡ
òţֻҪŵҩСϷɳһŵҩŵҩЦʲôҩ
ҩʮ֮ΪȻʧޡ˵ȻҲԲȥʵҲ㲻ҪȥҲȡһξѪ
ϻ£ۣһȥ
ڻ̵ҩɲǣԶĻ˫ͻʧˣʧһ仰Сӣúûţһټģİҵģ
ûȥ׷Ҳûжľȥ׷һץóķɫƵãû潻֮֮ǰûȥգԷһ
󣬳˴Ԫգظȥ棬ǶôĲ鲻ԸҲֻܸųȥųϣипǧ
Ҳʱ޾ĳһŷŭˣˮ߳ϣɷĩƣˣʲô취ҲȲ
߳ϵĶһ̽Ѱż֮ˮ֮һִү൱ˮ֮ҲǼΪ磬ˮ֮ʲôҪᾡȫȥΪΪֶܿΣ޾Ѫŵ˵ˮ֮Եĵҩ֮࣬ԶѳһɽˣΪˮ̤֮һţصȥץʮˮ֮һơߣǽԼĸ˵ˮ֮ˮ֮Ҳûʧȫ̤һţȻԶ
ֶ֮£ˮ֮֮ˮ֮λˮһʮ֮һңˮ֮Сġ
һΣˮ֮ܵ½Ҳ߳ϸ˼ĴȡģΪ֪⽫һ󹦣⣬ҲӳȥһԺкô
ȴϣһӵûˣ߳ŭţ˭ϷҪɱ㣬ΪϷҪ
ţ߳峤ȥ
ʱ֮߳ϴŭˣһ˳ģ󻹸žŸˣ˶ʮеİߡ
ʮ½ĳһɽһ˷ޱȵϷͻˣͻˡɼϢ֮˷ֱܵ˷ģǸӡôȥأϷѾͻˣǲȥ𣿡
õĳĬ֮˵ϷҪ
켴ɽ
УһӰڴţѪħ½治һԶѾȥһ·ˣٵЩʱգҾܵõǶܳɹͻơ
½ϿգŻǴģ


1545 ֮
ͨؾġ
۾һУ²ֳ棬ʵǲԴռǰôûе½˵˵
ռ䲻һ׵£Σأͨдڴ󺣣ܹȴܹȻҪˣлаħ޵ȵȣ޾ҲһΣ࣬ͱ˵ޣ˭Ҫڴռʱޣ鷳ʹˡ
ޣ
Ҳֻ˵ûмҲ˵޵ʱ򣬻һµӣ˵ң½Щ֣񱻷һ˵棬ʲôأǾڵܽӴˣҪؾɶΪ²ĴҲ١
һˣ
в٣뿪ʱ򣬴ʮɣģҲһȥġ
üͷһص;Ѿע˲ƽ֪ЩԶ½ǿͨؾ½֮شı仯Щˣֻˣ
пʵǰĸ½ģ
ʮ½
Ҳʮ½
꣬ٴ½֣Ժ潻ʱĻ棬浱˵󷨣б汦˴󹦣ʵǿʶ棿
˵ͦһˣ󷨲ǳ뻯˵ǻҳУҲܱóɾ󷨣Ѿʧ˺üǧˣҲ֪ˣǲǱȥˡش˵沢û
ô֪
ǰҼ

ЩôҲ벻ģһǡδּ֪δ֪ϣжδ֪
뵽нǰѽ罣֮Ϊű뵽汦֮Ĺϵʵˣ֮ϵľ磬ǽʲô
ܻػصǱ߽йţ淵ţ
ţ
ϺȤӣϽ˵ǵģŷ㣬Ԫš̫šبš˵⻰Ժ˴Ŵ˵꣬һ£Щ˼˵Ҳ֪ôһ㣬֮Ҳ˵Ҫõģڵ⣬Ǻ͹Īϵ
֮͹дϵ
ϵģһӾΪΪֹߵĹ֮·ɶԼģ˴һ֮йأ·ںηֽ
˺һ򣬳ϲŽƽʵʵʮ½һΣʮ½棬᲻ܶࣿ
治˵һǶ澡Ӧţȴû˵Ȼ˵ʮ½ɡΪдССһģ֮ΪҲˣԴһϣԻʵ⹦ȥаμɵҲ⣬ΪĳɳռܴұһȽСļ䳤ϣȽɣЩģͲ֪ˣ֮ߣӦòж٣Щ֮ǿߣԼ֮⣬Ὣ֮ķ
˵ʱҧгݣ·Īĺһ㣬Ͽһֵۣʲôʲô֣
˶ҡҡͷ
Ŀ֮ǰ˵вģǿտ˵˵ǸоҪǲһƴĻͻѣϵĹͷǿˮ׻壻ֻƺڹ˼ʲôҲԼӲӲ
ڻ˫Ҳǽթ֮տʼҲΪ˫ֿűдƽΪΪԲôǼӲ˫һϵоֹ֪ԼˣһԻûеû˫ڵصľأɻ˫ǵˣţҪԼʩչѪħ츳ܣ뻪ƴǻ˫ҲͲѭˡ
澳ְ桢桢桢Ĳ㣬йţ֮أϸоʵӣЩԽԽˣоϳȵȡ
ɫֲôǿɫΪǽɫأһ˼ѹ£ôʲôʲô棬ʲô֮Ҫľǣ١Ǭתھתľ󣬳֮
پϲõȵȽľٵʱˣӿǸ˼Ѿҵ˰취Ҳ취ЩҪ˷


1546 ͨ͸
Ƕ˼һ辶ĹǱڷͨνƽҶûע⣬ûзֵģľͳһ֮Ϊ
ʲôģϵ⣬ûоҪʲôʱ뾡취ͨУܴͨҲܿٳԼľͨҹرǣʵǿȵȲͬͨҪķҲͬ
ΪϲóһԽ汦ķǿӣ汦ķɲܴͨϣǼűãͨھת֮ͨ
ڳ϶Ϊ֮Уǰ϶ûôΪֻעԼȵֶΣΪֶΣ٣̫ѡ񣬶ЩֶΣڹؼʱ̰ڶԵãЩ䡣
ɽһսɱл˵ģ׹֮йأһǰ־Լʵ
Ȼ䣬ϸоΪҪԣڵĴ๦ȻȵʹҲҪΪԽߣʩչͻңΪˣڵ͸Ʒ׸ߣټϣй֮йһ˵Ҫǽ׹֮ҲͽʥһҪĳֶ̤룬Ǿ͸ҪΪ
˼֮䣬֮ڳôֶΣҲΪйأΪˣʵǿˣֺôֶأ
˵һĸҲ˵Ϊʵûֶˣ˵ǸΪ֦Ҷ֮ĻԽïʢøԽʵøԶԽԽǿԽ׳ɳø߸ïʢ
ϻһͨ͸ĸоһľؿڣǿѾʧˣ֪Ҫǿʵ廯ӣΪṩǿ֮Ǿһαڻʲô̶ȣǾԤˡ
Ȼûӣȴϲĸоʵ廯ЩͷʮеĹϵʧоͷ̺õ·һ㡣
˵ϱҪ۳Լⲻ
Щ󣬳Ͽı飬ʵʲôҪ˵ģ
ǰˣܲܽķңЩ˵ԭôش⣬Ϊ⣿
ҡ
ú°ɣйֻͣҪĹ㹻ұ㣬⣬ĹԽ࣬һָ֮ôһ˵ϲ֮ɫʱ𣬡йͣȻҲҪط
ס
ӦţһֲŵŻ棬ڵľֹ飬ʲôˣһֻ˳С˼֮£óһۣ϶ıȻתôô󣿼ֱһٰʮȵĴת䡣
ЩҲȴûᣬƲܻʲôĿģȥˣϴŻ棬ڸ̤ϼ֮زãͺսǻغˡ
ϴʱѾ֮ǰı״ԵζǹĵѯʣȻǱϲǣ˵һֶԸ˽˵һ£вǱ֮ġ
Դ״ҲǿԼ걣֮ڣһЩнľȵȣǴȥΪഫü֮صǣܹߵľ硣
ЩĻм˶ȥųϴģֻʣ²һˣôҼǰŵ˵˻ˮ֮Ѫˮ󣬱Сıϣս񡢻ػԡ
ܳϸȾ˾ˣҶץʱ䣬ʼζųıأǱĸţڴԼĵ·ϣ˼򲻱صڳŽ뵤ҩڡ
˾ͽŻ棬ղŴ˵úɣʵ˾ͽȭͷҪ׷ϴĽŲȻԶ粢սͬʱ˾ͽлһ켴֡
һƴɱԳӰȷʵϴ󣬻ʱ䣬ϵľſʼתҲӦǿޱȵ꣬ú󣬳ϽǸ˼һ顣
ȡһ


1547 ٸ
ϽڷĹ֮Ϊ
աһһֻǼ̹һڣ壬ϸоǹ̶䣬һķʽζţųϵ˼˿١ǬתھתĵطһǰĽչ˳ĹܲܳɹҪһ
ڱ
һѪסʩչһؼǼӲۻˣۻһѪܣֺһģֳ͵Ĺâǣӳȥ
ۿѾǣһ룬Ҫɹʱ͹âһȻ޹⣬ӳȥľһˣɹ˳ϵ
ͻȻһʱЩȻ켴Ͼ˹һ˼ȡһ汦ֽղŵĲһ飬һΣ϶ȫǣãۿҪɾʱˣɢˡ
汦ȻֻʣһűˣűеĻûеȥ벻УһԱ֪ˣóű磬֪Ǹʲôӡ֮СûУҪˣֻҪʧˡ
£ʩչؼڹű磬ۻ绯ǣ裬Ѿ֮ǰ汦һȷʵЩ벻ɣϾͻˣתҶ

Ժﲨôһﴫһ䶨ĸоδɢæ鿴ȥһ͹âûš
بõλϣ
һ˲䣬ϲ֮飬ˮڳȫÿһѪϣ飬˾򵽣Сž֮ʹòԼ쾭տʼԪͨԽԽǿԽԽѣҪȵнܡ
ɽ죬ϴޱȹǰ;Ȼ֪ղǹű绯ɾʱЩѣͨҪķ
ǣҷɱȶн׶ˣңнҲôһ㣬нٶ֮ȥʲô٣ʲô쾭
˵ʵڲУϻԼأ㻨ѵʱܻܳϣǰ棬ңͨϣĵ·ǱȽϹġ
ͬʱͨؾϴǱȥУ͵һ𣬡űϵжˣ˹Ȼõ򣬻µĲʲôɱУֻ뿴һ
ûڹűʲôֶΣűģ֮ϵҪնϵò˹ű磬ʩչܣôһʱ䣬жϣ֪ʲôˣԺһҪܶԶ֮
ʱţõЩ˼йҪúܲ񡮱湦
һθԪҺţ˵ھתѾ̺ãʱ񾳽ˣϲûʼص˴ġǿʶ״̬
˰ʱ䣬ڳϡȵȰ£һ˴˺·ҲߣǶûϷͻս񡢻ǲСǵĿⶼע⵽˳һмΪֵĶϣЩߣлĳĿעš
Ͻ˴ؾ˴ɽȣӪկϻͷ죬ѯһ󣬵֪Щؾе˲٣Щ˶ʧҲܴ⣬ԿУһڲͬˣˣһ£ûһؾѰֱͣϴǱ߶ȥ
õϢأɫûлңֻĿޱȣһ󣬳ͷͨȽεķؾеҰޣȫۼػɽΧ
Ҫͷȥʱͻ뵽Ѫħ츳ܣϵѪҺ֮УָǰЩҰ޵Ѫ㱧һԵͷѪɫ״³
£ϱ㿴ͷһ۾Ѫ죬Ϲעţʱ֮ͷ۾⣬ǰһģһظоɹˣҲӵѪħ츳ܣֻǣ˵˼֡
ؾУռƣٶһսֱԥϲ࣬ʱ䣬ۼҰޣûиϵģǾպ˵
󣬳ֶʩչ֮ܣȴǲУɻ𣬡˲ܣЩҰȴܣҵѪЩйϵ棬ʲô
ûжȥһаźãȷ֮ʼݣ


1548 ͻ
ҹϡк紵ҡ
ϳݣؾ֮Уں⣬ȻΪؾԣ󷨣֮Уսһػ
ǳأϳ嵽ǰǸһθϤĿռ֮һ׼õӿȥ
õĺۣһ̣ڱǿ
赲˲ǰݣһƣֱԽ񣬵۷֮
ŨŨĿռ֮ǵذйڣʼʵı仯Щ緱ǵ㣬ɢĹâҲ貣Ӷۡ
óϸ˵ϣֻʣһϵһʱ̷ǿʶһһẉ̂һһѵ̣
ңáٵġǬתھת֮תת
һأϳ񾳽磬ҪĿģԡıŷǿʶĴ߶תǿ£ϵ˲Ϣ䡣
ʮססǧס
ûǱţѹţҪܵرǿͬʱ˵ǶλԺڣ꣬Ϊ꣡壬ء
ϸݷϸʱڵں֮ںϣʶ꣬ȴڰ;ײˣ㲻ңҲ㣬ô˹Ҳûнչ
Ȼ֪ʵʲȴѡ
ļԲȶû֮Ҳᵽɲھڵģءأʲôʱ˺ͣʲô˵ĻԵһ٣Ϊﵽ˺ܸߺܸߵĳ̶ȣܽΪ׵ڡ
Ҫǣں϶жߣֱӹϵжǿ
ߣһ֮ǧҲһ֮
ʹˮĥ򣬱ǿԼĥһһӴײеʱȥĥôĥôĥ
ʱ÷ɿ졣
ĥݳ忪ôʱ䣬ǿռ֮ĸҲˣץʱ䣬ϽʣµġǿʶһԶȫ¡
ʱǣǵĲԸоǰǿ˺ö࣬ңУŨŨġ桱֮Ϣǡ桱֮ϢҲǿǿ
Ҫˡ
ϸ򵽵Ŀռ֮ԽԽ٣ۿҪȫʧͻͻһ˵ζҲκһ⾳ϵĸоһо棬ʲôϲ֪ϸоȥоģȴã޾ã
ã֮УȴóϵꡢǾֻȸԾȵ˵ĸо
óϺͿˣϽ̽Լĵ
Ȼ󣬳Ͼͷ֣㱻һЩʵĶΧţһռ֮պñʵĶ΢΢һ
ô¶
ϻûиףкˮǵӿеĺˮǿһúˮˮͱ
һ̣Щˮȫֻһһϲµ󣬳׵׵ظݻˣ
ˮ˴ڳϣϵӣȻʹ֮Уңϻǳظоˮ֮һ־һҪ־
ѵֹĵزݵĶǣҲûжнٰҾǵسѣôأҵ˭˭ˣ
ת֮УģǺˮз磬ƣܵĿк׵ʯħ޵ȵȣؼڵһУڹ
бҪ𣿡
ţսӹȥϺˮޱȣЧ΢ս񲻳ֻãһ֣ؼĹȴǱٱһˮҲˡ
ֻӣɲôˣҵŪʲô
һߵֵţһ߲鿴С磬ƴǲʵĶȥҶҡγϲĸоѵģ
ĪĸоǰµĽѣ۶ΪʲôѣڣȫͷԣƵΣѾݲóôˣսΣսؾȥҵǣǳ¡
ϴ󡣡
㣬Сˣ򲻵ҡ
սҲԼ֮󣬹²ԥؾȥĿռ֮ǿգգгһѷ죬ԾԪС
·ĺˮȵȹҲųϳ˽ȥϽԪУЩҲӿ͸ŵľŨµĻϢ


1549 𡭡
ϢԪУ޾Ļ¡ը첻ѵСռ䣬ȫŰͷǺĻѹ
Ͼռ䣬صĵˣ
Ъ˹ʱĿ͹֮£Ҳֻм֮޻֮ˣںϣϸϾ˼ʱ˿̣Ȼ
ֹصֿȥֻԶҲһͷ뵽ǸʵĶģſȫķǺƴޱȵڣ˵㣬ҸͳԵˣǣͳͳˡ
ʱϵĭһͬʱϵֽҲûͣ˫ߣÿһ߶̺Īȭͷǽȭȭȭȭȭ಻ϵʹ
Уɫը첻ѣˮȵȣת죻ȻЩԪ˵ǣȴźĸоָоӿȣ֮Ũ
ƾʲôҪңΪʲôݲãҪңҪĨɱңô׵ģض춷ⲻʵභкξ壿
Ϲ񣬽һ˳ȥ಻Ĺ֮УϺؼʵ廯һסˡ
ͣ㣬ʲô㣬֮أϳ˼ţϹͣԪҺУɫУ硭ǣǲУʣµľֻС
뵽⣬һ飬ɢĹâǿޱȣôãȻܴ󣬿ϸһ룬Ͷ֮
һˣԥγתһγɣһ𣬴Ԫȫס
۾һ֮Ȼô󣿡
ͺסϲŷֳ˼ȥĥǲʵĶǵĶ޷ǾѪħѪоԪյ
˼ţ۾ǰĴԪƻǴԪԭ򣬱Ͼ̫࣬㽫Щȫһ֮ǰô࣬Ҳûз飬ҳݣ򵽿ռ֮ʱ
𣡡
һͻش˷޾ĴԪд
Ӵһ꣬Ȼѣһ𣬵ȻһĻûע⵽ϵעȫںһ档
ΪֵܵסԪһ𡱣ˣײиϷĻֱ½ǧɣѪӱѹγһѹЩģޱȡ
˲䣬ϱ޾Χ֮ǰϵӶӦԪе˿һһһ㸲һسڳϣйͷ
ǲģ
ţƴҪվܲ˵ؼԡ๥ѪģġġնġȵȳܻķģȫǹԷġ
ϻˡġֻǡġ̫ǰĿס
ĻǧɣϿ챻ѹڵˣȻЩĹͷûж𺦣ɶԸıĿǰľƣ޲ѪȾ
ۿĻ伸ǧɣϹȥģǾ꣬ȫѹˣԱѹƣٵãѵĲλһػһ𣬶벻ǣǾҲУĻѹԽߵĻϾԽܣأȻںϵļ
ڣȴַʽң˾ڵ䣬Ȼûвûв˿ֻг޽ˣӰϡ
˭Ҳѹ䡭ҵļܡǡ˭һһѪţҡᡭʹˡ𣬲ܡ
ۡ
һѪͱҲڴʱˮȫΧֵסܵĻѹͬʱһʽϵ
Ϣȴǰö࣬ϻһڡվӿԪҺ緢භ
𡭡𡭡
ͬٴ𣬻¡


1550 ˮ׳˯
һ𡱴ˮ׷Ĺâɢϼˮ״ųϣˡ
ûȵóͣ£ڶִˮ໤ԺҲ첻ѣꡢ飬ڻûл֮ǰ߸ܵںϡ
ˮ׾ȻҲס֮ⳡѵǺνѣ
ϲԴеˣҪȴ֣ãҲãȼ䣬ˮȻˮ⣬һ͵س졣
䣡
ը죬ˮʧһɶǽĻ֮ƣҲֹס
ĻȻ䣬ȴþƣһҲδתϾƴɱ֮УֻҪˮһüĳܱó˿߲ܣڣˮ׶Ĺûе춨ƣ
ȻϵͷյǰһΣ𡱴ˮûɢâȫڹϣͬʱϵԺһĻһĻĳɱ棬ǧ˵ɱҲа˵ģˣǧˣϰˡ
Щ棬ȫһӿϿ϶ܽȫ£Ȼʱ壬Ժʹѣǿм䣬Ҳʮ֮һЩĻ棡
ԺеĻ棬ɼɱʱؼľ͹ײˮϣ£žžžȴˮˣһѺۡ
һĻ͵ؽˣ֪뷨Ȼ²⵽ˮ׵ֵסⳡѣȴҲû뵽ˮ׾Ȼ飬ôأϵÿһ˻СѺۣ
ۡ
ʶѪѪˮϣѪմȾǴˮףǼѺۣٶȺʱԼһνӴˮ׵ĳԼѪżΪãæѪȫƵˮϣѪȻѺ۵ȴûдӸ϶ֹסҪѪҶ㣬㡭
ʱԺһûõģٶѪҲı䲻µľơ
ģܹ㣬һܡ
ЩʣˮײڣȻĴֻôΣɷϣˮһֱǳĵƣ˳ϲٰ϶ˮĸ顣
һˡ
һ㶣ʱ˷֣ˮϾҪ˯ˣס˵ĻһҪ
˵˵
ⳡѣûв´һ𡯣ܶȹ𡯶ôνѣͶȹˣ㲻ܻСڣ򣬽ѽ󣻴ӽҽںܳʱ䣬ܸΪ֮⣬ҸһЩҪңպһҪҵǵãҪȥ
Ȼֹ
æʣ˭ĺʲô
ȻѾû˻ڳϵˮҲʧڣӰϴ󺰣ˮףˮס
Ҫ˷ڵһУֹϼˮ׵Ļһ飬ΪǸСŮСŮڴˮ׳˯ṩ͵Ĺ֮£޴ϣСڵǿ󣬵ֵסֽ޴ظΪһλĹͷࡣ
ܻСڣСǡ
û꣬ˣϡȭ˲ȭٸڶڶŴԪţּл򣬵ֵǰ
𡪡
𣬡УܵĹȣֱл飬Ǹˮ֮Ѫ⣬ʵָٵˮ꣬ҲǴˣصӣͬˮһ˯
ٺڶֱӱǱһ˿档
ķѣ
ˣеĹЧֶҲʩչһգȻ㣬˽ǰͺôӵƬֳڳϣǣסĽһ֣д󲿷ֶûס
ļѪ⣬һѿɢ
ô죿ζȹ𡯣
뵽ԼüĴĵֻۣʱѾ˲ʲôı֮ģҪֻ֮ǣ֪οٴβ鼱֮£ѪüģЩѪһüģȫʧϺֻۣҳ˵ĻҲˣ
ʹüĴ
ֻ֪ۿˣ


1551 ֮棬֮ŭ
ֻۿ
һĪЮŸ֮ƺƶ쿴ؿܡ
๥һ͡
ֻۣǿ󣿡
ţ𡱣ѾޣҪʧвϲȴԽأһǱܵؾýѲô׾ͽڶǵֻ̫ǿˣǸǻ˵
ʱѵβġ𡱣Ʒ·תһ͵ָ߰߰ĻٽֻѹƵȵȣȫء
켴ֻۣգ
оȣֻ۾ô
ʲôã
ķҪͳˣһʱ䣬ꡢ˻ԵĹ֮£Ҳֵסȫˣδ֮ʣֻһ𣬺Ϊܹһںš
Ͻü˫Ǿ˲䱬ʲô⡢ӵСơĹѪȵȣȫʩչںһγһ
Ѫ⡢ۡǡȵȣ󣬿ۡ
ʱ
Хմͱѹ
˸ʮǳҪڲǳ󣬵ʮţϾûвˣΪûиоһǳܣǰѪħ½ܲǳ󣬶оǳܡ
ľ𣿡
ҡͷֻҪһһ;ܷһҪȹȥһкܶûҵζƴάٴβ̽Լĵ㣬Ȼ˷ܵתţӿĴԪ
Ļϻһ֮ǰܶôزңѪҪͷ飻ܾƶôΣһ˲Ҫ㶼βţͣ
ǲʵĴڣ֮ǰŨ˲٣ֳҪʵʻļ
⣬һУĵĶģ˴ѵĶӦòôɡŵͬʱѾʵĴڡ
ңĶûһãϵһɸɾȻ֮У֮棬֮ŭ
Ȼȴ޶ԣĻѹ£۾ֱֱǶöûҪǰöûοⳡѣ
ۿĻҪѹϣҪ飬ͻ˸βͷ죬һ
𡪡
ХХ롰ײײ
¡һը죡
ˡ
Ԫܵ糱ˮȥĻҲָԭλѹ
ռ䣬һƬ
ϵģҲǰδе֮УоԼڷĳֱ仯һֵʱ̥֮Уꡢ屾ԾԵʱţǿǿ
͸һɲһɲ赲ĳɳ
Ҳʱ䣬ꡢߣˮ齻ڰںһҲֱ˴ˣ֮ǰģȫǿ׳ʢ
ǿ׳ǿʢȴǿ׳ʢ
֮⣬Ǳͳ嵽۷徳Ϊٴͻˣ֮ռ֮ĸٴν٣ǴԪеһӿһȴǹԹԵأŶһ壬ִﵤ
ѿû𣬶䣬УЩѿƬץ˹սӴƬƬѪ⣬ָΪ
һݣЩֲھʮǳѨϡλϣ֮ǰûиоǳܣأŨŨǳܣңԳڵʵЩǳҲ첻ʲôΣֻǲͣشųϵ
νѣǶȹ˰ɣ
ţνѵһĻһĻ뵽ֻۿ۱ʱĻ棬üģ˵ֻûл𣬶ǵ˻ֻۣвٹŹְ
ŽѴĿֲͻ˺ڰ׹飬˿˿źҪǻ¶ܿճڰ׹飬ǰ֮£ڰ׹ܹȫ˰ɣ
󣬳ϸоı仯֮󣬹ȻǴҪȻ񣬻Ҫϲʱ䣬⣬ȵȣ϶һǺų̈ף棬ҪģȴŴĶ˴٣ŶʲôֻǣԺ󻹻᲻еڶΣΣĴ٣
ȻԼǰꡢо˾ҵʹֻΣǰˣæ鿴ȥ
һɵˣɡ


1552 ر
ɡ
Ͽôںϣ϶γ꣬ɻûȳ˷ܡַˣво
Ȼںϣ
ˣϳ׵ˣ
϶ЩͲ˽⣬ûϵͳ֪ʶԼһףʵһףȫԸģ˽⣬ģṩġꡱֿ֮⣬Ϣźܴٳɷ֣ǷҲϸ
ǣҲûи߹Ҳе˵öؼҪģ꣬깥ģû漰
ʵǴ˿̷վڳϵǰҲ޷ͳϵҲᷢɣΪûмꡢΪһ
ô¶
һγҪһ۳ϵã˽ѣأͻȻָġ
ޱȵأġУ
һĻϴһþУҪȻ˷ﵽҪ󣬽϶ΪȻ
뵽ȻЩп뿪Ѿˣ֪Ȼڹ֮͸Σһ£Ͻ˼ļ䣬صǰʵ˵ãأ
ʱϰǰķ̽ȥϾɥ飬ûзһɨͣһǧɴһǧɣѾ㹻ˡ
;þУ꣬Ҳõ٣ںϣںȥɣֻҪʲôС
Ϻѣ⽫תɡһγɣʱٴԪ棬Ȼһ󾪣ֱ㶶ǡ
Ҫ֪ʩչǰȥģҲֻѣڣ̾ľȻǴԪһ£ɳ֮Ϊ飬Ԫʵʵڴڵġ
Ϊġ̵ľʵ
ˣЩõر٣󲿷ֶ˳̵һ֣˭Ҳ֪澿ʲôɷ֡
ϻûüʵһ̧ͷ㿴ʵʵڿеġġʼϻûʲôоҪʱͻػ񣬡ʲôʱ򡮱ġܸڿˣ
Ͽʼ䣬ǰǻʵϵģ壬רƵġֽǰʱǷҲǻϣա
£ֻġġɵػ˳ϸоĪ㻭ġɹ˳ңġһǰĴԪ˲Ͷסˣһ
ڴˣʵڲ֪˵ʲôνͣܽ͵ģ¾ֻǸоǾꡢΪһԭ
ðκ󣬳ϲ߶һ䣬й£ر࣬ررضࡣ
һγ񾳣õĺô٣ʧȥҲ٣˺󣬾ҲûˮˣΣʱ̳ػһУԼ
ˮȻԽ飬𡱣ʵ̫̫ˮȻѣȴԽ˲٣óܶȹ𡱣⣬Ǹ˵ҲǿԴӽǶȥ󣬵ڣһ˿˿ûó
ɴ˱˵Ƕжپж٣ԪҺ֮ȡ֮ߵģܽϣȫǶϡ
ȻҲҪһֱͣϾǶܺãôġ֮٣ɲǰװ׶ȵģҾ֪Ƕʲô
󣬳ƿԪգȥһĻ棬һںΧڣû̫Զؾȥ
Уһֱſռ֮ⳡ֮٣ˮ׶ˣȴȫӰóϺܲˬһҪŪϺݺţҰŪġܹҩݣкʯͷȫȡҾͽˣҵһ
϶ȡ֮٣ֻгһ֪½Ŀ棬һ֮˵ⳡ䣬ģѾؼ䲻ٵ󡭡
һ˸ո̤˳һȦҲûҪҵĿ꣬Ͼŭɫأ̧ͷ죬ʧʲô٣˭ģ
󣬽˵նɱСӣûҵĶȥúò֮ˡ
޾Увˣоⳡ֮١


1553 Χɽ
ؾУ̸ţʦ֣ؾЩ֣
ʲôֵģ
Ұޣ
Ұôˣ
ʦ֣㻹ǵǰ˵ȥֻҰҰζѰ˰죬ûһֻ˵Ļʨһ࣬ҰҰõĶûһֻ
Ǯʦһ˵һˣЩߵĵطҲ٣ϷɵģǵܵģһֻҰ޶ûп࣬Ұ˾ҲӦŶԡ
ǡ
˻ජһۣµʦ˵ĪдѣҰܺıܣǶǣؾУûʲôѲŶԣôʣһܡ
˵˵ĿŨŨġ̰ɫʦܽÿ϶Ŀ˵챦챦еҰ޶Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ȥԡ
ֻҪҵҰӿȥĵطҵ챦
ԡ
˶ЦؾҰ޵ټؾҰ޵ʧ˷ˣЩ˶ˣһѰҰ޵ʱ򣬳ϻһƴ
ģҰ޻Ȼ伣ۼȫøɸɾЩˣҲͨˣʿڶ࣬ط֮Ҳ٣ԣǵ֮£ûѶ󹦷ǾѭЩۼҵ˳塢ζɽȡ
ЩˣͰǶʦֵܣ˼ɽ洳ӰԾڿУֻȸ˹ֱײˣʦһЦֻëҵҵ·ȥ
ҲʦʲôֻȸͻޣָϽǰȥʱͻغǰһȴǵصȸֱкüʮֻȫҪײЩȸٶǲʦɫ΢䣬ȻҲֻ΢ѣһЩȸŲסؾʵķӡ
ǮʦǴϲ˵ʦ֣ЩȸҪسԽ˵ɽкñ
һҪȽȥڡ
ʦֵĻû˵꣬סˣΪгֵķѾȸиָķҪǣ滹ӥһҪӡ
֣Ӳȥ
ʦὣնɱһƬһƬķնɱ˼ǰǰ˴ףʦֺظоѪҺ춯΢ʦҲûȥ⣬Ϊеӥ˫һȣгĶʦֶһȴߣһĻʵʦˣӥߣӦаɣôһ𡣡
ǧ£Ҫ˸סսѪҺ춯ԽԽǿңЩڵϵ˿⻭棬΢ӵȥϵãϱȿиˣСϣ󵽴ȫһԶ˳ʮǿ߿ͷƤ飬ǣЩǴ̼ǵŨṴ̃ؾҰػĶǷƷ𣿡
ȻǷ񶨵ģԣǸʩչطǰȥ
ЩУмδ⼸˾ǳںļˣȻ֪ɽ治ʲô챦ǣҲ֪Щ϶Ų֮Ұ޵ĶҪܵõҰޣɱԽѰ϶
ôĶɽˣ֪ˣ˿̾˷ܵĸоѩȻЩģζ˵ףɽгϲµ󷨣ǴġԴܽӴζ㻽ѩȻΪס
˵ǾͨЩҰޣҲһ¶ǿͨǵʵҲʣ޼
ѩȻЦһЦζ˵Ҿǵ϶֪ôˡ
ף϶µġζ˵˵ȴǽѩȻץýҲڵǲѣΪϸ˵һγݣˮɵ飬ò˶ʱ䣬ǣôãǲϻ
еʦ֣ѪҺ͵طô¶ʱӾ͵شӿ£Ǯʦܴ󾪣ţʦ֡
ţǮʦҲѪҺһУ䣬·ǧߣжѳСɽڵǣɫȴҲǹޱȣѪһ£طʩչǧ˱ҰްΧľ棬ʦֺݺݵ˵ģҪؾУкֶܶζãնͽЩȫնɱˡ
ʦ֣ô죿
ȣ
ȣ
Ѿִˣؾ˶Ҳϵ⣬ؾʱ򣬿棬Ҫˣ˵а취ֻҪЩҰޱʣµ£ͺðˡ
˵䣬ʮҲоѪҺ׷ʩչط˳µشʱսصɽȣ˵ս


1554 үү
ؾܵӰ죬ʵԷӣսȴ˿Ӱ춼ܣϸղҰһƴɱʵĺܴ⣬Щ˭Ҳû뵽ս֣⧲֮£սһߣֱӱսҵѪڣˣǧףϳһĹ֡
ӣүүڵʱ򣬾͸˷ˣүүڵܲãԣǶҪүүԵսڵϴİΣһٿЩ˾Ȼϴѵ⣬ŭս⣬ȼսӰأʮߣȫڹӰ档
ʦּ״ҲǺÿļһƾһˣ͸Һʮ𣿡
үүˣ
սţɢܵĹӰͻغΪһ壬ֱʦȥʦɫ䣬ﻹ˱֮ǰӿҪɫæʩչȫʵзսսײϣʦеķѣ˫飬ϽѪս˵үү񣡡
£սսһʦ־ϷȥʱѪսˣߣǣһ˲ľ֮ǵ۾սеսҶһˣʦеķҲƷ汦ģǹӣǳ˶һ
ܲǸӵǿأ
սɨһۣЦҪүүĹӣ
һͷֱڿյߣһȣĵɱûһҲмǧ죬ͽΪǧеһԱ
үү׵ģ
ս˲սδֱͷըˣĹδսֽҷɳȥˣսһߣߺһ֣ȻǶᱻƣ
ƾǣҪүү
ͷŸɾһ㣬˭үү
үүôˣսһӵĻأս裬Ҫ棬үү򲻹ǣ棬үүô򣬾ô򣡲٣үүܽҳˡ
𣿡
ǴΧսʮ﷢ǴԶֻԶ߹ˣһò̬һȴģ
𣿡
սһɨһƬ죬ƺХʮ߽Ծ壬һ¶ȥʱǸ˳УؾвӰ죬Ҹպã޵Ҳ֪ǿҵǿ
ϻ࣬үү£
ս£˾Ȼֱȭ൲ȭδӴһڿӣ顱һը죬˵˿ȥ˵˵ñȽԶҪǸӣ϶ҵĶ֣
ЦүүùӣҲܰһֻ
սôһ˵۾һĨóѵĿ⣬սսһȣȭһȭоֻʮɴСϻӰ̶Ϊһ壬˵ȭϡ
һȭӵ֮
սȫʵ廯Ĺâ򻢣˸ϲˣСӣҪҵǰٽһɽȭ
ɽ֮ѹ£սȻ壬սȻ
սɱ֮ʱǸͷȥǮʦһɾϲغ档һƵ飬ҲοˣҲǼ
̤ǰ棬ޣЦؾʵѹƣĶɲᣬΪĶ棬Щдãã͸ʮɡ
ζӿȥŵҰޣȫ˵ϣǰȥޱȣƽأɽУɫ䣬벻ҲˣĶؾлӰ죬ô죿
˾ͽ˵ǻŵɩȥɽֵǣվ£վһѣһЩ˵Ϊ뷨ۣǵûʲô𣬿ȴԹ޻ڵվ˳
ûɵأһ뵽˵ĻҪҽⳡѵ˵Ӧһ󹦰ɡ
ǣ˵Ƕţ׼ȳȥ
ͷƤ飬ȴò˳ȥȵϹʲô
㣿
Ҳһ㶣ЦС벻Ȼȣõıɣһ·
ʲô
װˣװͲˡ
ûʲôֻפ
ѾܸӣȻ
ϹΪϷ㣬Ϸˡ
ؾ𣿡
˵ţһƬҶӷȥɫ䣬æ񵶷նҲᦣЦûõģʵնĶ
ʱһӰӷɳһڽҶӺڿУ˽ȥ


1555 õ
濴һֻɰСޣƬ涼ҽӵҶӣֱӸˣһʱ䶼ûзӦùֱֱؿţϢ仹δɰСֻȣȫѹڶϣڿзȥòʹࡣ
⻭棬ЦСĶ̵ģĶֵܼڻûҲСߣ
˵仰ͿӦǸʹСͻȻֱ¶Ц˷ܵԾţǽǰצһӵĶ
ɰСޣȻpޣ
ǡЦô̶ޱȣôһ˭ӣȴϣһֻˣˣŭһӾ緢˳һָһžӨˮ飬ֱpޡ
p޼״СһӿæĴ䣬ȴôҲ˦ˮ飬ˮ͸˵֪ˣϧˣ
䣬p޲ٶȥСһţֱӽˮȥ켴Ķӣ˹ǰצкµģղŵ㣬Ϊ˵Ǿ仰Ƶġ
۾ȴŭ𣬷ǾϲһöһὫշ㣬ǶϱΪǿߣƾŶĹ죬ҲеһƴȻϲԶ㣬㾿ܳԶ١
һƬҫڿգȥpһȫ£pºСҲǵԲĹĵģpʱ䣬ָĶڹȥ
pƴֵ
濴һǰ棬źʮߺǲҪ𣿻ûɱȥ潫ǺȻʮǰ
ͬʱ˵ţշСʲôġ
ʱսòֺսһԾգսȡʮߣʮ˸Ͻ㵽һߣս˭ǰһүү˭
Ծ׷ϣ˵ǲǴӮңûӰ
үүֵûСӡ֡
Ǿٻغϡ
үүȺҳ˵
鷳
һ䣬֣һˮսսһ飬˳ûɱϣһȭսϣսӱڵ棬ҳһӣ¶˱ĿЦУֱ˷ѣҰɣ
үүȰǣϽȻϴǾͲˡ
ϴմ󡣡
һսץȥս͵ر֮ǰ۵ʵԣսһҶɫһ䣬㣬ȴֱֻӲӣ˴𣺡ǧȭ
ǧȭǧ֮
飡
ȭײ˵ףѪҺָս˵ûж
Сκβүүս˵ţ棬¶һѪ³ѪǺɫȴǺɫѪһ³ըս֣սĸоÿν𣬾Īرȥʱ˹籩ȭͷȥ
ʱϸյﺣϡ
ʮ߳ǰ뻪Уļ䡢˾ͽˣʮ߳嵽ɽȣȴһ֮סǮʦܺȵ󷨣
ʵ˭ж󷨵ģ
ûлص
˵ʲô˾С
ԣ󡣡
ʮǵǱߣp޶ӣԴٶ౶ѾļޣҪȥͻܵˣΪȥĶһֲܹģp۾һת󣬴ؿź󷽣ɫ¶ϲҡǰצػعͷȥʲôûֱСƭˣæתͷȻpѾʧǰ
ܵ𣿡
ЦһĶ飬һ֣ҡϾʵؾûʲôӰ죻У˾ͽ״˵ȥҲֲ˼£򿪴󣬽УŻɱ
ã
ͬ⣬򿪣ʮ˴ϲƨϽ˽ȥǶõһЦŲ˽ȥ
棬˻ڿŹս
Զһţˣˣô죿ҪҪȥ
ûţٵһ¡
ʲô
Ǹ˻ûлǸ˻ٿơ
˵ͷͣ˵Ķȴִһõˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊһˡ
ǡ
ǰתͷһӾͿ˳ϵףǸ˭ˡ֡
˷Ӧ죬ϹȥֹԴࡢʹλá


1556 Ǿҵı
˳֣ޱȡ
һ۾ϳˣգָƮ˵ǴӺһ·ɣ
Сӣȥɣ

һҲãǵĵƣպðڳϵλϣסˣͫ۾ӣһϲһ־塣
ϲΪһ֣ܽ£̶ҪЮɽˣ־ȴǳϺһ˲䣬ӿģֻӿһ룬͸סˡ
УŵǶģ
ȻǺرЩ˻ѵϣ͸ܷŻɽȡ߾Ѫ
ʵ岻ףҪؾĻҪǣǶáġҲûôɣֻϧؾ֮УԳ㻭ĶģǺ޵ֿ
ͬʱ棬ǳ϶ȹ֮٣˴δջҲһ͵ģڰ;˾ͰˡġĿơ
һܶй֮ǰȻ֪ȡ侫ѪʲôãǣȴֱΣգæطʩչɹֹ
ֹ𣿡
ʣٻ˽ʩչطʩչطٶȣȴϲϳϻġٶȣǵطҪʱĴɡ
ٴαסصĿ־壬ǵۿ
ڵڶĵҪʧ֮ʣڽɹҪйʱһӡԺ
˾
ǰȥ˻ûعûиϳϽŲһд־ʹﴫٲɡ
Сӣ֪Ϸ˭Ϸ½˵Ҳ˵ȥֻǲͣزҽУëףڽѪ˵˭ûȤֻ֪֪˭˭Ҫ
˼״æȥҲ˵ʹȥʵʵظųǰȥսսˣҲ˳ϡ
ս񻽵ϴ󣡡
ϴ󣿡

ߡһߣȥһ֣ǴУȭ
ȭġ
һѹʮȵȭ
ȭЮźƺײȥսæϴ󣬲ҪˣҵĶ֣ͻơ
ˡ
˵Լȭײһʱžžһ죬˵˶ȥ߲֮վųϾҲߣ
ǡ
ܣߣôǿôȭͷ˵ţԼȭͷȴȭͷ棬Ѫ߰ߡ
֪𣿡
Σ
˫۾Ǿ裬ϴ۾õҪĴ𰸣ᣬֻս˵ҪˣΨʡ
İɣϴ󡣡
˶
û¶ⶾҲͻƵ
ûǿȥսĶսܴ֮ҲܣϽУļǴ᧿Σ˾ͽ͵Ϯһǿߣ˺ۡ
һˡ
һ󺰣˳ȥɽеĲѵˣǿŵŵģһӾͰȵԭļҲǴһȵ˭Сеģ
飡
һţ󷨣ʮ߻Ӱͳǰս˴ŵˣɱܵõɽıأ
أô¶
ʵһ飬ɨһˣ˵˵ɽǾҵĴ󱦲أ˭Ҳããߣ
СӺš
˵ţͻȻpͦŴĶӣ˳ϵļϣ֨ѽ֨ѽ˵ţ涢ųϣСӣǸСˣ
ҡҡͷ
ЦʶȤС棬һ
ûᣬȴԻ˵꣬벻Ҫ
롭
ͷѣЦҪ꣬Ϳûбȡ˵䣬һκѪüݳֱϣ˵ӴԪյľ綾ڽĹ֮ܹʴ꣡
ԪĶ
һֹۣͣ˻ĶǵκѪӣ󽫺ѪԪյˣֺξӴԪĶ
û뵽ô׾ͻ˳ϣ˳ϵĲرǻоĳΣ׼˺Щֶʵչ̫˳ˡ
СӣԼĻ꣬Ļ껯ΪС
Ķ̫ˡ
ҡͷ˵ӣҲһСûֻǽѹųϣųһ¶ûУͬʱҲԽ䱸
Ӻ󣬳Ծһκɫˮ飡


1557 
ϵе㣬ܻתɣɳܹ֮ٵĶǷͬ죬ΪӵȻҲǷԾ˺üΣܺˡ
Ծڳĵǵκɫˮ飬֮ǣɫˮһҲû˴Σյĸо͸ŨŨ
һɫˮֱ棬üͷ壬㲻ˮΪʲôŨȴſûΣյĶԽΣյ۳ϵΪʹ˾ųﻹ˵֪ʲôԶ
㹥ԡ
ɫˮ˲伲һŴˮΣֱɫˮΰ棬ȫˣ˵ڲ빥ˣҪԶ̶
һЦתˣֱõѪɫȫѪҺѭߣһˢرò԰ޱȣʩչطȴָûʩչеȫѹѪҺı棬ڵĳ̶ȣ֮ǰǸоʱķڣǾ˰ٱϡ
ҲܵӰ죬ûôأǻз֮𼫴Ĳ֮УתӣתڿлһĶġ
ĲķΧʮߣȫ棬ȫֹͣӰּ磬תһȦ󣬳ϻصԭλãĵܸպʧ
ϵУʮξѪ
ʮȴ֪ʲô£֮󣬻æҪ񱼣Ǳߵ濴ϻġġӿκˣȴǴ˵ʲôӣСӲѣؾʵѵ򲻹˵ڣʲô
ϯʮ˴ӸղŵлعȻлɣû֣ǣҲûת񱼣ϽɨӳϣȻΪ
һۣӸ۾￴ģǾ壬ǰЩӣʵʵֻʥΪŸ˶ãȻһԾΪΪĽٶȣδš
濴Ƿʮ˵ľѪ뵽ʮ˼һƣﲻɺ࣬뵽⣬תۿ棬ýϹһƣ
ûйֻţδ֪Ȼģ׻жδ֪ĪأжԳһ˿η֮У˸ʵǲдģǣһ٣ٶؼʶϵδ֪أ
ͬʱɻ󣬡ĵôΪʲôûʩչ֪ճϾѵأͻ˵㻭ҲܻУȻĻ˫ߵġ
滹ûнɫˮ£ȴڼ˵ţ澳񾳣֮߼Ĳ죬ԶҲ粻ĺ蹵
澳ѣΪˣкܶӣ澳ǿߣ
ӣʲôӣô𣿡
ȻУ㿴
һָǺɫˮΣһȴǽɫˮΰŵˮˣ󾪣ϽּһˮΣ߳

߳ȻУʹ˳ֱʹʮĻ̲ͬ˳ǺɫҺΣ澪̺ҵĶΪһ壬̤˵һţôᡭҺΣ
涢ųϣޱȣʩչֳɫһˮһԾ˫صһˮ˴˿ţ³һѪ˲ںϣֳһˮΡ
ȥ˺ɫҺΡ
ˮɫҺȥһߣʮ߿ҲǳϵĶ֣ЩûȥģΪԼİȫ룬ҲɽеıأתҪˣϾǶԱصģûдﵽĹҪҪĳ̶ȡ
ʱϷˣҪˣߣһҪ鷳ġ
Сӣʰ㣬ؾסңҽгдˣҳֻġдһ˵ţһɽ񱼶ȥȫ䱸ţԷɱ
΢΢һЦдľѪó뵽ʱѪɫ壬ʹٶȴٴδ߶Ѫɫ塣
ͬʱˣأ𣿡
ҽϣòҪ߳ؾȻеֶ
ţɽ棬ˣϷˡ



1558 Ϸ
ʮߣģ˶ѣȻĸ˲ǳǾ仰סǶģƴһѣ֮УǸǮʦܣ۾˳ޡ
ʱһһֵعȥûֻáһһεľѪ
ͷȫǶ󶷴ĺ飬Ȼ࣬ǣȴǸЦݣΪоҪƺɫҺεˡ
ѣ
һȣʱСžϰںɫҺ㣬øɸɾϲֻҪһ㣬ľ׶ˡ
ɾʱɫһ䣬þѵ

һףĵطǻһͷĪ㣬ҲǹͷĪϵŵʱȴǳ˴֣Ͻ֣ϾĶҲĶ֣Ǹȡһʱ䡭
𾪣ݣֱ߶ţֲãֲʩչʮҲѹƲ£ǴõģҪӵ
һ˲뵽ôƴˣѪ£ð̣̣ȫˣ
ǱߣҲ׼֣ʱԶһӰ˻δˣҴˣһˣʹ㣬ҪʹˣҿҪʹˡ
֮ң߶ɻǸǮѪǮʦܣͷһǵһȥĳддȥ֮ʱģ˶ǵµһݻڶߡ
ȴϣת֮䣬ƾͷ췭ظı仯ҪֵˣԥˣηˣһߣдֱӹڵϣˣҪһʹ죬ֱˣҲҪʹˡ
ǮѪֹסһ飬ԸҲҪʹ⵽һʹ˼Ǽ䣬ȴǵڶߵϣϻͷ˳۾Ӷͻ棬һ߸ߴˣף˿ȴֻһңݵòУݵùͷƤסˡ
ţɽ档
գ֮䣬ߵˣȫˣһ뿪ģˣȴûǰĳдһģڳǰ£ȴǲҽţų˵СӣҾ㣬÷ңȻ壡
ž
һȥֱıᣬ۾бݵ⣬ӻ߸ʹвСӣ֪ʲô½նɵӣҵĹùþնɵŷˣ
նɣֻеϤ֪նʲôϵ۾˾â沢ûע⵽նֻնɵһ۵ķֲ˰ɣҸ㣬ڷңٰɽıȫңңҾһҾ֮أжȫᱻնɲɾѪ޴ڡ
еľâɱâһĽſʼήͷ治ųϻҶ֣㡭¡ҹùˣҪ֪ɱңһᡭ
Ļ̫ˡ
䣬кŵ棬͵رըѪһ̲ڵϣ˿һŨ
ͼڴ½ն½նɣ壬ӡѾҿˣ֪СݼǣôˣնǷ֣Ƿ֪
ţ˿ĵСݼһӢĹӵ飬ŷ羰һֳݵӽ֪ĹڳϵһУӽʼ
ӢӣȻӣ
ӻ˺ܶ˼˲ֶΣڽСݼŴ򿪣˽ȥʱţȴϷˣԽԽˣϣе˼ϷûãֺܲãŭϷһøһ㣬һ㣬ȻˣҪĺܳһʱˡ
ͬʱɽϪߣ˵ɽˣûз֣ǸĹӣЩ֣ģʲôĿģǶ֪
ԸºܸȤ
Ҫһ㣬СݼѾ밮ˣӼûˡɽ˵ͷָп˵֪绹᲻
ؾУ濴дһ˹ڳǰĲ״⣬ȻҪǵߣ⣬浽նɣһȥն֮ʰ١
ʱдվǰϵˣ϶ǮѪ˵㲻ȥ𣿡


1559 ᣬһ
ȥ
ǮѪһѿʵΪʲôʳʶԣųǰʲô
һξѪˡ
ʲô
ǮѪȲѣͷЩɼĳдһˣǶ˵Ҳȥ𣿡ɫ䣬ҪһѣȴĽԼ˳ȥ
ʱǮѪ͵ػϣƱʮѹ£ȵҵľѪǮѪӰڰգƱѹϣȴȫܿƵأתѹ档
ͬʱҲ棬Χһߣƾʵס棬浹£
˹֮д˶ᣬҲ֧ţҲԶһͬˣԾվҪӴܡ
𣿸һȥ
һȭѪɫԾѣ۽ҪγһˮȻоѪ˲ӿٲᣬҪըһڣشʵѹѪ۽ǵǵˮҲʧˡ
泷ҲƲסˮΣһޣţڣľƣѩϼ˪Ŵ죬һʯͷסһ
ǡʱϡȭɱؿڹͷѣˤڻǰ˵Ļ꣬ע⣬Ҫļ䡣
ǡ
һ˵֣ѾûʲôԾĸоˣᦼƮ裬ʹ֮ɫҪѪıȴãʲôаֶΣѪ
˵ɫһƬ԰ףѸɫֽŽӲȴǳһûʬ⣬Ͻлϣϰ˰֣ųдһˣҪؾôǿߣʧȥˮ׵Ļ֮󣬻ĽһսҲɵؽ
ɨһۣp޷У㣬pţp̫ĶҪ־ƣóιʵöŵñˡ
ʱ֮pָֻԭǰɰģʵһ¥˽ƣ֪p޵治ʱ䣬ȻĻϸϻ˵ͳˡ
ǣpޣ˴󹦣Ұһν˵꣬ϵѪҺιpޣţpڣʹתʱ̰pᴿתʢ
꣬p޾ͺ˯˹ȥʶССʱģ֪pҲҪˣСڶڳ˯˵֪Ҫ˯á
󣬳ȥųϣȴЩģѵľֻǡδ֪֣ܵŨŨѹɻˣСʲô£
ղŵ飬ҲˣһˣνһѣԣҪȫգóһξѪʮɣʱôҶ棡˵㻰
⻰Լûѡˣȴʵ˵ǲҺһ
ᣬһ꣡
ʱһ䣬ֻԥأȡһξѪڳУֽ˻ĶԻԸȥǶ֪Щʲô˽Щʲôǹ󷨣ȵȣȫ˵˵ߣꡣ
ǵĴָȵȣԶԶ˿涼ûϷˣҲϿƣʣһˣʵ֧ţŻѭ
ǣսסûлᣬϵĿⶢһţսһƣ£ӦÿԻһɣ
Ѫһȣȭ
ȭһ֮һ֮˲ûȫһУǿʩչܵķɵȵȺأ˿̣Ѿѡֻһƴ
ս״ϲսȵãУӿۣ֮ǰǹսĶѾսƣ趾ȡ˴и
ս
˿ս֮ǰȫ¾㵣֮УȴҲֻƴȥĿ¶֮ɫھѪȭͷѪǣӭȥ
¡¡
ը಻ϣ˱սһصǧ״սչڵأֱӵص׷䵽˳ǰ˻Ѫ絶ء
ʲô


1560 ѭѰԼ·
ģΪߣڣɡŴǸϢҲȽ׻֣Ԫߣ࣬ͬǾʡۡʥ棬ϷţֻҪǰһ֣һȭܴƷʣΪȼı׼
Ϊ౾壬ǲıأܹӳǱľھǱԽʨԽɽˮԽԽء
ϱĿ˵Źڡе־䣬ţػĥٱ֮󣬳˵кҪһ㣬ѭ
ѭۿöôףôȴпݽ֮ʱﵽѭ֮ѭռ磬Ϣ
ѭ
ţ˳ѭַָѭСѭдѭСһָڴ󵽺־أ֪ϸǲ֪壬볣˲һķӵĳϣȴòϡ
һؾȥдػڲ࣬ͬһ㣬໤ؾлһЩߣǿ̣û˸ȥ¡
ƤѪ⡢อţ۾ͻһⲻǬתЩֻǬתǿĲԪȵȣʲôֱ𣿡
ûע⵽˾ͽǵЩ飬˾ͽкü뿪ڣɿϵ˼״̬ȥ
˼ʱʱ죬ϸоûйãһߣŻع񣬽˴ȥҪȥ콫˾ͽͻ˵磬˵¡
ʲô£
ŷ˾ͽ˾ͽЦһЦ뿪ȥѰҵ·

磬Լȥһһ硣
⻰һʱ䣬ӿǧ˼ȥóǸ֪ͷȴΪĺ«˵ţ
硭
š
ݾܾٴ˾ͽӹ˺«ϽڿУ˾ͽϣֻֽһ𣬳˵ڴٴһ죡
һһģ
˾ͽ϶˵ţϢɿ˾ͽתͷļ˵ãͽˣҪǸҶòãҲ
İɡ
һĻЩףûпļİİ죬˵磬˵ļϵĿ⣬Ҳæ͵ϣɱ룬İʲԽ
һЦҿû룬ǡ
˾ͽ򸾣ζ˸ǣ˵磬ˡ
أ

˾ͽص˵ͷȻתȻȥ磬һᾡɳģһĽŲһȥ죡
ʵ˾ͽ룬֪˾ͽ֮ͬ⣬Ҳȷ˾ͽ˵ֻҪԼȥѰңҵԼ·
˾ͽߣ˵򣡡
ҲҪߣ
Ц򣬱Ҹ㣬ѰҴ̼ģǣͷβҾͳһУһлûþͱ˼ҴˣȻҲûг֣ʵڲʹúܣԣҪȥֵܶģ˳㴴ҵĽ֮򡣡
ϵӳֵнɻķȫڵϣ˵Ҫʲôѡ
ҡҡͷЦЩ̫ˣ˵ٻңϲԼȥҲҪֻһҪ󡣡
˵
ǵȥҽ㣬ҽȻץסķ磬Ҫǲˣͻ᲻벻壬ţҽӣܺζǺƽġ
˵꣬ҲϺζػĻᣬתȥϵҲģϴޱϾĵ̣ɨϵı飬˵ı飬ǶҪҶȥ
ˣǲΪ׸ɱѪħֱ˵˵ͷһ£˵ҪߣҲ㣬ȷʵÿ˶Լ·Լأѣ콫ǱԮҴһ仰仰ס
ϴܣ˼»˵ˣˣһǵĴˣԶǵĴˣգǶپۼڴ¡
ﻹһЩҩϺǵģ߰ɡ


1561 б仯ȥ
ˣ󲿷˶ˡ
صȥˣȥѰ浤
ҲˣҪ̤֮ţΪպܸӾһ
ųϸġˣСİΤ롢ȵһ˶ˣۣλʦ޿աĪϵȵȣˡ

һˣͦ࣬ɢϴޣɢ½Ǵеһ۵С˻ȻзƼʻ֮ʱЩС˻һ𣬾ܻһ׳Ļ
ζӡѩȻгϵĵϿǣЦݣȴ͵ؾҰõĹǸ˵Ϣ
Цߵǰף
岻ȳϼ˵ȥ˵ӣʲô£ﶼ֧㣬ֻһҪǾҪúûš

֪ĪѩȻȴЩ᲻ãҲףܵ˶ӣ϶ǵĽ

˵һתͷļ䣬鷳ˡ
Ȼû˵ļѾ׳ϲһߣϰѵｻǵУǶǼΣҲô˵Ͽ϶ᵽݳһͼ˵·ߣܵϣģҲỤòĸİȫ
ûж˵ȴǽзȫע汦ǳעٽ״̬ʱֻҪһ䱬ըܣԱһҪֲöࡣ
ǧķϹע˳塢ļǣ˵ǿĵˣ÷ǡ
ĺˡļοЦûз죬Щ仯ЩߵʵƬ£ȫӳ
һ򣬹Ȼо쳣ٻͷųддһԣ˵ˣղһֻʵľųɣ
϶Ļش𣬳𾪣½֮󣬾ڵҲûȫףǾȻܽ½ôһܣҪʵ
켴뵽֮غͺϲûУؾЩףؾǹܵסˣؾ赲ܣؾ²ô򵥡
ͷϻصǰѩӡǶļϲģָ˲һЩֶΣŷǻ
ߵʱȻִţԳ˵ϣһģʱҲ㲻ǵã㻹Ƿһ˵꣬ȻһЦ˵Ļᣬȥ
ȻļҲȥˡ
ϿŵӰȭͷս㹻ǿֺõǱ磬룿ǿһҪøǿػǣ
ڻڳߵģζˣбս񣻳֮⣬ǳдЩԼߣԭЩǿ߰ػģתһ룬֪˵пܱƽ⣬һƽ⣬ǿɾͻѣңЩҲп֪ܰͨЩˣҪЮԼһࣻˣ˼ȥϾûǽǷ߱ȽϺã
ԷһϽҲΪѾָԲʥ磬϶ĿѶȣûżɵΪǿǿǰʱǰס
Ϣϵ嵭һЩٴ·дһԶԶζζ㲻ҲҪҶȥɣ
ζ¶ЦôأҿҪԶģ˦˦
ҪˣĺǣҲὫҵ

˵ЦţһջϢζȻǹסһңѾܹˮ֮һԹйŮûжĻȼ
ֻһγûʹֶΣ
һҹ࣡
Ǻ챻֪˶ٴΣ
ˮ齻УȻоԼľţ͵ԭһʵĶ֪ⶫȻѣȷʵǿޱȣңٴν½ѣǶԣϽһǿζ֮Уֳô˽ζĵһμӹ̣ǿĵȵȡ
ã֮󡭡
ɢ
˯ˣ˯ṳ́ѵ˯ô㣬ôеζ۾ȴô滹˲ᣬӣĺԶأһ˲䣬ҲҪֿǣҪǺɣһֵпʹĸأ֮ǰһߣȴģӣҪˣٲߣҪˣӣһصߵġ
ζһ˿˳ȥ͵ŵıܡ


1562 㣬Ȼ
һҸЦݵԱ߿ȥȴǿ˸գϻһ֮У𣬻ζ
ӦҲӰƮҡֱײŶȴսվ˵ˡ
֣һ˿ˣսӣȻ߻ط䣬Ȼ˾ͽһȥԤζҲ뿪Ҫȴû뵽һ֮졣
ͻأϾ˵˯Ƕζ뿪оŶԣȴţϿ˿һץһ۱㿴ޱȵġӡ֣ζ꣬ϲ֪ʼĩ
˯ôȷʵζһЩСֶΣó˷ʱ˯˯㲻һֶϢ֮󣬾ã˴˯Ҫĳɷ֣ǳϵѪζŹصƵģƴɱ֮У˯ԳϸһЧûС
˿ϵһλдģӣңһչ˺Լģ㣬ʵ㣬ҪٸҸã̴ԺһҪң˵ҵʱҾʹ䵽㻳
Ͻζ뿪ʵȻǳζΪʲô뿪ʱǿʸζΪζӹ̣ټṇ̀ζӦòµġ
һĿָᶨ˵ζ˵һҵģĺǣ˳ս˵ϴҸֻһЩֶΡ
߰ɡ
ٴ·дһУжŲ˭ҲұʾĲ״ӡԺ
ȥһȥȻ˳ǽһЩ⣬ɸտԺһһϢĽˣӦģͲýˣԼСһ㣬⣬ܾ
Ϊ룬ϻ˽ҪּУô˵ˣȻȥת·ȥ
ٴεõ˵ϢѾ϶ƽɫйϵǷֿߣȻ۵
׼һóдһУľйĳйץʱӣգռ֮ٴǿʣĥŷܽĻУȷʵܹܴæҪڡġ֮ϡ
⣬ϻóǿǳʯǰȫòǳʯʵ廯һڽܹ֮΢ǳʯȻ󣬳Ͼص˸ʱ£ʱ̽ǳʯϣشԼ
Ͼʱ䣬ϻݡǬתתһָоҪǽǬתľתһɹöԪָİ֮ţͻ򿪡
գִ޵һ죬̶콵ȭɫһϣоͰһæҪжϵΣȴѾˣꡢУһȣСӣڳˣ
ţһɫڿգ߼ٶȱȳʩչˡߡ͡ҡֱϾҪ죬ɫóǰѾһĽˣͣڳǰһ״ŭӳϣ˵
дǿһĻ۾ﶼ˾飬ȥ룬ȴƶ֣˫Ŀ絶˵Ըأ

ٺһ䣬һʮףɱңƱˣдѾƱˣȴ˿˵ѹȷʵˣҪûоǳѣϻĵֲס˵ѹǣڣ˵ѹ롰֮ٵѹѷɫ١
˿ϰоûе飬иӷŭȴ˵ԼԸ뿪˭Ҳܽߣ㣬ȻУ

˴˻һһʮɴСĽɫ磬ֱϣϲ˲ܣȥȭ֮Žɫ缱ɢ󣬳һץסɫ̡
ͬʱһдȽʮˣȫˣսս£񵶻裬ʩչȭ潫Ӱա
еģʩչһ
ޱȣƣҲǾȣ벻׳ôۼô棬ѾԽһˡ
ڹҿԼ̣ҪִԲǾͱҽǺɱ˵дǵˣô˵ˣ
˼ǹңŭȣҾһ̡
£裬ȴһһ˶棬ϡ


1563 
ҫڿգĿֲܣΧһޣдҪգһȴ֣ڲˣһεϽԪ֮ǲϵˡ
Ǳŭӵ˳ҵ֮УǻգǿЦ
ûյ뷨һϣһץסƴǵɫѾζ·תתÿһֽɫ磬׳Լ
һ㣬Ϊףҵŭ𣿡
˼ţȴ֪Ѿɫ׳˲٣Ҳǻֻתƴ̽һ֣һ̽ȥɫɢܣҧס
ʱԪҺͻطǿСҲǿžӨ¶飬籩תŵ㣬ͻȻԷֿһЩһĴָôǣתٶȴ˼ٱƴйֱӽ˵֮С
״±ŭѣռ̲ˣϾͽȫ˸ɸɾⲻǴʲô
üΪҵģ˭Ҳߣ̵ģȫ³ŭȭ
ȭ
ӲײϣܿñѣȭδѾϣܻ༷ѹײȻоֱۻڷ飬һߣȭͷͻԾһϣϽȭͷеĺڶһͷųС

һٴιϣȭĺڶȻסȴɣʵΪ̫ǿϾסҪ˼ڻܺӲƴ̫ǿ⻹½췢仯ȫʵ£
ǰɣûйǰɣһ㣬ȭ
һۿһȭȡŭȭȭͷʩչȷʵֲȵȻܶһڳǰ󾪣Ӧȴǲ¾Ѫȭ൲
ͬʱˣרԽѪɫʩչ

оѪҺ쳣ֳѹƣͬһ˲䣬ÿˣȫһƬڣҪǳϴЭѾм
ôһҲó׳󣿡һ׺ȷʵ֮࿹Сǣʮ㣬ֻǱСûɢ
Ҫսս£üͷһ壬תȥϳôգдҲգսһδʱ跴֮ѭա
ܵ𣿡
˾ҪգԶýڵȻܹӰԱˣԱý˽Ųһͣⲻ鶯һ𣬡˵ܲ˵ģĪ˵Ԫգ׷㵽޾գҲҪɱ㣬ϣԶ׺
УգоϢΪһɫ׷ɱȥ֮٣Ȼ죬תۼ䴩ǧСռ䣬ҧס
ڽԪ̽ڣĳϣԥ׼õġ˳ȥɫΪһ壬ԪԶۡ
ͬʱս񡢳дΧȥ
һݣ벻㻹ʽǣǰǧȭ
䡭
ըصսǵĺϹɱʱҲڲȴһ֮ɫҲûУд˵ʵܵƣǣʮ߰λһǿǿֲȻ˻֮һ˵Ĺȫȥս˷ȥ
һɨȥȵƾĹ빥ҵķֱǳ룡
Ǳߣ飬ǧȭҲĴɢһ̣ɢĽɫȥ֮ٴοӣ
ӣ
һ̤ȥλɽɫۿһ˲Ҫ׷ǽɫȴֻΣдǣôӶӲҵģǣȷʵе㰭ۣȫһɣ
󾪣˵ǿѾᵽɱǣǿɱڿ㵽ȥôһֲˣҲˡ
ţԺһһ㶣ɫ趯ڿգ¿ӣǸתһ춯صը𡭡


1564 Ӳһ
ըֱĻĻҡҪһ㡣
ȴһͷըζֻǲҪӣﶼµһЩӱ˵ţϣǵԱܽը÷ǡ
Ĳ²ûдըȷʵɳдǮѪЩΧɽȵԱ𣬽ʮԱЩɫȫɢӵǿĽˣҲۡ³һѪĽɫ·ϣѺۣ
úݣˣ
˻ԱܵĳУһȣүүһһ
һ
˾ףоЩϤоս£ȥϸ룬ʩչǧȭͬʱоȥĳַɱһЦ㻹һѰ·
ҧѪָڴԪɷ裡
ۿ˵ĹҪˮһȥϴȣҶ
£ǱҪ緢ܣȻӲֹͣ
ȭ

һʩչǴУսսһ¡
ʱ˶ˡ
ϻǶģȷʵǣʵ̫ǿֻܶסǧ֮һϢʱ䣻˻Ӱ죬ն֮ʱǽ׹â䣬ܺս
սܴѪϹʱȭͷʵڽ˵֮ϣҲڽͷըͬҲȥȭһʱʧȥֱ֪˳֮󣬲Żָ
ˣǵѪʼ˵ĵѺۣ
ܺãܺãȻѪ
ŭЦֱ׷ȥʵ𾪲ѣȭѾǿĹĹý˶һЩѪǼ·ǺˮҲеһƴûˣԼˡ
뵽ȭʧȥ֪һɲǣоͺâȻֻһɲǣɶڽĸ˵һɲѾ㹻Լɱؼʮˡ
УЩɫѾȫɫȫɫ׳٣ڽ˵̫
ղйѾĹ˰ɣѪѾʧϵĵѺۣȻϣȻٶȺȷʵϡ
Ҹһʹ죬׻֮ʹ
˵㲻У
ûǸʵȴǰĿһɱӿˣٶˣҵٶ֮£һЦ
£һվ˳ǰӰ
ת
ȴһ½ɫǽǰ
ЦӰôˣ
оһѹʮɫǽȥʱ˺ȵǧȭ
һȭϺ󱳡
ϸо͸Σȴûת൲ֻƣ󣬡ȭڽɫǽϣʮڽͣɫǽѣûгû½ɫǽĽɫ֮ȫ뵤֮ڡ
˿Ͻ¶Ҳɻ󣬲֪Ϻ«ʲôҩɽ˸ȥô࣬˵ȻҾͳȫ㣡
Ͻɫǽ뵤֮ʱǧȭڳϱϣѪǰȥٶȺϴԪգһɨȷһ·ؾȥ
ͬʱ˿Լѿһӵȭͷ𾪲ѣֱܣûдﵽܹǧȭ˵ĵزǰûмʲôŶԣϵײʲô
صȻǿصĹͷǰʱֻ̣жһѣǹͷûóʧҲᣬ𶪵˵ȴǺࡣ
ڻعˣʧǰĿһӦһ׷˳ȥһҪץʲôŹ֣
ϽһʩչֱؾȥΪؾռƣܹ֮ʵҲ֮ǰЩóϽ˵̬ȣ˵ʱæ֣
׷֮ʱ޾Уһ׳ǰһµŮӣ۾ŵǣȻȥɱҵĶ˶û˵ʲôʲô£Ϊ룿Զ޸ģô죿ֱô죿򲻹ģǡУһҪ취ȥ
ŮӶ׳أڤ˼ţͻأŮ뵽һ취˲ȥҵҪٲҳȥҾɱˡ
˵ţŮһԼͷȥ


1565 þѭ
Ͻٶ˼£ǣ֮Ų࣬һĿֲٶȣ¶ģȹ˹أһǱĺо֮٣򲻹˼ңܶܲǾ̫ˣ
߼ٱӣϱŽʩչֶΣÿһȭ̺ǿޱȵ̤˹ţ˱ȹߴڵĶ
ƴɱôʱ䣬ȻΪǹ֮ǿߣ۷徳ǿߣ
˵ˮϮˮ֮ʲôϵ

һһ⣬Ա˵⣬ɳڻûдЩ棬˵ͳ⣬ʱޱ˾ͽǣζ뿪
ڶţͨȻʣʲôȻ
˼ת̤ڶţǿԼʵʱ˵ִԶˣ˵ˣٶȾЦ
ʱؾкһξ룡
׷ܵǧȭǾͳҵĴǧȭܲܵס
˵У¡
ת൲ʱ۵ȫһ𣬴ȭ
һУǰûõģǧȭ
䣡
ϵġȭǻһ½˵Ĺƣƻһ̶ƣڳϵؿϣٴαȭͷѣڽ˵˿ȥһɲǣٴμһصġת
˼״æٴδǧȭȭ飬ٴοˣȭѺѪб䣬һУǰǿ࣬ҪǽµķǿһһܵˣҪϺü֣
˽⵽˸¶ҪնɱľģƴƴƴʱԲνƴɱ֮ˣǳǳΣգһҪδǿ֮ʱ
ϼ󣬾ʹٴο񱼣ﻹڷţԵס֮١ǰڵĽѡ
ûõģķܺҵĽеһȣҲţһ˶ûܣһȭ㣬Ҿʮȭȭ
ᵽ£͵ػһ۽µı仯ĽϵĵѺۣ֮ǰСһЩΪʲôѵ˵Ľ£Զ޸ܣҪˣǰƣƵ
УҾǧȭȭǧȭУһиȭģһ㳢飡Ҫ׷ϳϣԺһصǧȭȭһǧȭһȭ𣿡
һͣЦ֪ϣҵжôӴԶҲⲻģģҵ㹻ûȥ㣬㹻άȭأ
Цˡ
ԪҺȥ޾ݲߣϢǵ֣ҲֻܽԪҺסܻ
ȴ뵽ԪҺ㹻ȴпݽ֮ʱرƴɱ֮УΪԣѭѭأ
͵뵽ߡѭʱٶҽçɽɽпٵȫѭ
ѭûпʼѾһݣߡľѭˣҡֱϾռѭΡ֮ţһԶѭ֮С
£ٶʮӿ쭳ȥ׼Ľˣͻؼһʧˣһٶȣͻ֮죿ѵ˵һ֮ǰûóȫ𣿿ǣҲԣǰΣô᲻ȫĻճ򵽵𣿡
ͬʱѭյЧȷʵ˳ϵϣóϾϲǣѭԽԽ࣬ٶȻԽԽ죡
ѭȥҵٶȻﵽʲô磿
ȴѭ϶ƣѭһ˸ʱϸо΢ʹУһݣȻܹѭ뾭Ҫܵסѭܣ
ٶԽԽ죬ҳԾ
˵ɫܲƣҲٶȣʱͻȻ˺ѷ죬ԪգĴԪѾˣϵԪգһΪǿʣǣáռѭΡٶȣȫطӳ
Ӳ˵ģ
һɫѭԪգ׷ǧ״һȭȥϲᣬֻܿ񱼣ͬʱѭ


1566 ˭˵ҵĵùˣ
ѭѾﵽǧŰٸ죬ѾһյʹϻڼѭȥٶҲԽԽ죬֮ľ룬
о󣬡ΪۣʩչطҲάôʱŶԡнһƴǰ׷ȥ
ٶȾ˳˵ѭȴ˼谭çɽ͡ɽľȻһУҲܹͨǣȴ˾ٶǰγѭѭβɣͲ˲
ƿԪգȷһ·ִԪУһҪ⡣뵽Щ˫˫ϵͨ
΢תȴȱﲻѭҪ
һԼڵľйȭǬָо̤Ǭָʮо̤оţһݣҽһѭΧڵˡ
࣬ѭѶܹ֮ѭѶȵҲֵãǣŴϿ˼õľóģʣµģٶȾǻӰľ
ԣһǬתھתľģһѭԣ
ͷ֣ѾͨھתһѭϵʱϲѾܹתһȦͷβٴβͷ
ȻмȻų͸УǣϾܹѭˡ
ҲȻޱȣĪ˵ﲻиõķҲûʱȥʵʩٶȾѾѭʮܣѭһܣһܣóһ˽һ룬ﵽһǧ
ϸһܣϷ֣һǧĵȻˣ˽һ룻ѹܹ۵ֲļѹԽ࣬ľԽѭҲǴһȴ٣һǧڽֱ˾ڽ
ʱ򣬽ĿӲƣѣطУҲУ˵ţ³һھѪطһʩչͷɿ֮٣Ӻˣ˲͵˳ϵ󣬽˵Ȼ˷Ѵûᣬȭ񺰣ǧȭ
˿̣ϵѭʮ˸죬ѭȫӿ۵СָϣתӭȭϣͬʱѪɫ
оԼѪҺ쳣òֳһȥѹƣȴûʾھԵʵǰЩֶΣûãһСָǰţһɣ
Ǭһָ
ȭƴ磬ˣֱ˳ϣһСָȴڰУײһͨ

ֱ۳ޱȣʺѪϣѳֳ֮ɫϲͣϽתǧŰٰʮŸ죬ӿؿڵѪ񱼶ȥͬʱǿ񱩵Ľɫ
˵ȭͷϣһѪ˲סԺһ̵ĸоǿǸСָȹűҪ񡭡
ԽսԽǿܸĻᣡ
ĿϬһʩչطһȭȥǽСָеĹͷʩչǬһָεܣȴûһδΪѭѡ
ϽѭȴûѭԶ˲ƣʩչطƿɱ˲ǡǧȭصһʩչǬһָƵһ
ȻػӳǣȴնˣΪٶȾѭѾϣѭ϶ϲϽ˵ٶȣҲˡ
ӦòԶˣѵûл𣿡ϺظоǹŨҪɱľģһ䣬Ѿϵ
һΪٶܹ޼ȥܹ޾󣬿ȻĵùˣҲһŵƸ㿴
˭˵ҵĵùˣ
Ͼֱͣˣһζȡ֮ʱڽʮǳѨϵȫǳһˣУɫղģҲһۣܶõڷۣСȭ
ôһ˵΢΢һ㵣켴ЦǺãҿĵʲôҽõĵƣֽΪȭ֣Ӧ֪һйĿʲôɣ
ȾѪĽüһȭ˼ˣ׵ǣΪʲôžԵʵ
ȭ
ϴȣΪǿ
ȭ
һߣȭӲײۿҪײʱ˾ǽȭͷ


1567 һ·
˵֣ʩչˡȭ֣ȴ֪ʹʲôȭҲ֪Ϊ˲ûкȺ
ǣ֪ǣ˵ȭɢܣȭҪȽǰʩչʲôŭȭǧȭǧȭҪö࣡
ȭĿģ
ȷʵо쳣𶯣оʹǺ֮ǰڲͬĽɫҪϵ
ϵ꣬һ겻һǵõˡ֮١Ĵں뾫ҪϮ֮ʱǱܷӦأתˡҲǳֳˮӿ֮ƣ࿹
꣬ϲ̫⣬ڽ˳ȭʱָȾѪüģȵֻۣҿ
ֻۣڳϲƿصķ룬ܲܿԼҲԣûнеϣڵֻϣֻǰһλֻ۵ķʹһ֮󣬱֣ƴġ
ɾʱϷԼڵʲô֮һգһּĸоϢԪҺҲйɱɵĸо
ͬһ˲䣬ȴоһɼΣյĸоô¶ʩչȭôΣյĸоأ
ǡ˿ֻ̣ۿˣ
ƴƥܣͬӹһֱˣȭǰֱ߽⣬ţɫ䣬ͲҳɣѪ£˲佫µķ󣬲ʩչط󹥻
˵ӣ˲һŽɫ̵ر첻ѣڱУɫϵСȽ˵ĶȥֻϮ
¡һ죬ͷϵĻһ΢Сѷ죬ѷ첢ǳ׵˺ʲôĻ棬Ҳû¶
ŽɫȴֱɢҿָһˡΣϣֻѾϣڵֻܱǿͬʱڽ߾ȫάԼӣֱվ
ʳڳԺһεֻ۲ûгȡҵһأΪʲôǳޱȣڵ㣬ûֹͣתȻŴԪе
Ǳߣ¶Ȼǧٿף£ûһǺõģӢӣҲ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ˹֣ǻѪ۾һƬѪ֮УȴǾģֻǣŵģȴǲ˼飬벻еƣƻײңҪǧ֮һգۼ䣬Сˡ
ֻۣΪʲôеֻۣ
Ҳ˳ϵƴϳûնɱˣ˵֮ǰҪĿȡɫļƻôڣնɱϾ£ϾȻܹвǾԲֵܳ
ǣƵýվ
ϿŽˣѵسһЦ˵ڡҸߡ㣬һСƣᡭʲô뷨
ܣ
𣿡
̽ʩչϵĽ£µĹȻǷͬһǿ󣬼ʹǧٿ׵Ĳ״Ҳûһ𣬽£ȻڻָţѺۡ
ֻٶȱ֮ǰࡣ
ģﰵ˼л꣬л꣬ˮһҲǿ󣡡
ţѾڽ˵ϣҪĽ³һξǡ깥
ԣ
˵꣬ҷ񶨣ԹԵ˵ţҵȭ£꣬㲻ҲҪˣ϶ϲʩչ꣬ңϢҲϢǡǡ
͵أ˵ͫͻ˳ôܹʵ壿
˵еƵġ
˵ţޱȵ̧֣˵ڳһ˿ң㡭롭ʲô
׷ɱôʱ䣬Ұһ·Ӧòְɣ
룡
˼æ¶˵ǳǳҪΪһжʧ˽£ӣͻᱯޱȡ
һǲնɱˣұҪѰطãʱնɱ
볷ˣȴѾ˿˿µֻصú˼ŵʱ򣬳ǲȱȴ֧š
ǺˣһģһΣɣ
˵ţѪ罦ڿУѪͻ˽ɫ磬˵Ҳڻ硭


1568 
ƴٶȣѪ֮ɫҲƴ˵״̬ϺȽȫ磬˾ͻʧˣȻ֪Ҫնɱ˺ѣˣǲûôһбֶεģǣôҲҪ۲У
ʱһϢһϢع˶ú˺ܾúܾһ
Ѿһӣ˽ɫһٶԽԽ죬Ŀһݣָɶ˲䣬һĲڿա
ȳϽ˵ʱϺ£ղŻһģҪжѣңģֻǶġ
ȻǶģ˵й֮޲ˣٶȣòֹͣˣͬʱҲšġ˵񻹿תҲ˵
ҪҰҵ·ڵģ
һЦҪ·ǲŻڣ˵ţϽʩչ󣬾סǻûлĽ£
̾ţȴͻ룬ܹʵܻӦҲûʲôɣ
һ뵽⣬Ϊĳϣʮֵ˷ʵ뾫ڣϸȥʹ
Ҫķģܼ򵥣ֻһġ
ǧ֮һգۼ䣬ġֻʣһˣǣϲûпз鸡ڿգǰ໭ʱǷֽϣϣУŷҫĳ֡
Ҳ̫ˣôףôõ£
ţġѾʧȥּٻٻġҲûǸʱ䣬Ǹˣֻǽƴҧסһ¡
жٵƣûˡ
ֻʣһͷĽЦ˵һ۶һ㻭£ջ£䡱һը죬
ըУ˻һɫȥ֪Ӱȴɱըը˺ǧףѪҲ³˺üڣ
ȻϵĶһһ˷ܵڴ󺰴ţˣĳˣҲܹǡ
ĺôһʱҲ벻ȫֻף壬ͬһ㣬֮ǰ֮⣬ûκμҪĲҲΣǿɱΰ
òףϲϢȻһ˫Ŀ⣬ضſиŵǰؽ£Ͽջôǿôᱻأ
ŵʱĻ棬ġըʩչطѭмֵԭ𣿡켴üͷչ˵ôҪǣһĽѾ֡
£۾һΪϿһĽҲϣϾ̾϶˵ôǿĽ£Ӧܹһһɣ
󣬳½£һҾͲ׷ɱˣϵӻǶãû˷ʱ䣬ѾԺšǬתתתľͬʱ궼̽봢֮ڣǿǳʯߡ
һߣѭ֪طĽˣԼ˿ڣ߲ѣߵǣ¾Ȼȥһ롣
ԴˣҲ벻ף޺ţҵĶҪľ򡭡˵仰˲뵽˱ɫ뵽⣬ŭֱ죬뵽ϵⷬƴɱʱŭѡ
Ҫҵʵɱˣ
ҪҵѪҺʱʱ춯ѾǧΣ
Ҫǡ
ұϵһָʵ֮һٻͻϣҺúñ棬Ҫǻһ˿˿ҶҪͽ

й˺һӣ˵Ի֮󣬲ų
һս˲˵ע⣬ǹĽɫ߶ľѣУУпˣ̶ˮԽԽˡ
˵꣬б뿪ˣմ뿪ˣȴߣǱţǵȵľⳡƴɱûб˿ռ
ЩʱûжЩ߱ĵطȥ
սڴԶ
뻪粻֪η
޾մʩԡơŮӣҵһĻᣬһͿؾ뿪ʱһϵӣԸ֣бС㣬ǸСӣˡ


1569 ֮
תݣõǳ󣬿ϧǳֻоʮţҪǶһ㣬תܹһЩʱݳֻǣǳô䣿ҵƤҲû
ӡԺǳֵĻ棬ʱ߷ֱϿĿⶼϵӣСģ䱸ǽ䱸ϣҲǽ䱸ˡ
ְҵԩͷˣ֪Ǹˣ᲻ҲϣţǶǸߣ˵λͬʣ֣ʰˣ̸飬Σ
ˣ࿴˿ͬʱ˵ͷʱγɣΧϣ뵽һǧʱǿûзӦʱȻûзӦһʱûжĳϣ˵ӱø󣬸ӷǣûоʹ˷ɾ裬һۣ׼
ӿʱҪǵغȥʱ˵ǵĴָȵһ࣬Ȼ󣬹ɣ
ͻȻðһһתܵĳ嶯йǿ֮ǰƴɱɵĺ䶯
תȴЦ˵£ֻ˳ϣ֪ûʲôܹæģµƣӦúذɡ
֮ǰĻϣټһֻ֣ԽŹˡ
һͣ£Ϊƾ仰ܹթ𣿡
ֻ֣
͵غϻˣǲװģһԾ֪
˫˫ţ
ȥɣ
ٴʩչһΣɶǼǵĴɱУϵ𣬡ĽߣǲߣҲֲˣԺǵҵˡ
Ҫӵ㻹ʸ񣡡
ç£;쵽ԼѪھҵ·һ˲ҪëгߣҲˡ
вΪçŭȣ㵽ʲôа˵üͷýһʲôƵġ
ǲߣҲû취
ȻܶǣѪɫǻ׾پܹģڵʵܷӳ𣿡
꣬ͻȻһȣѪħ壬Ѫħ츳ܡôһɫ䣬ȴɻ󣬡ѪħѪħ½ǵ˵ûзǵռѷ֮ǰǻûгѪħ½ǣȴô֪Ծǰǳ
뵽˷˵Ѫħ½һѪħ᲻ڶ½Ѫħ½֮һҪȥѰѪħˡ
ǸçִѾɱˣɱ㣬㻹ܲܿҵѪ˵ţçѾ˷Ҳˣ
Ͽ˲仮ġֻоԪһըһ㶣𲻰ȴǺһϣһӶܶˣ϶˵Ķ֣ңǽѾˣָǿ϶ӲˣһҪҪܵõϵı
һ㲻ܲ˵سϵ˵ȻǻģǾͺúһٴͰɣŻֳͬʱ𡰱ġ
䡭
ըϣ˱ըһƢޣҪʵȫڣȻа취ӦЩըܣڣ˫֮£ֻӲߵ
ȴǻǰáƵҩ龳ʵ飬ʼʮϢ֮󣬾ӵʮ
һӺʮһʮġʱ򣬳ҲоѹһǿƣȻͬʱٵ¯ľ飬ͬʱЩΣǾһʮġĵľһʮġҪľ˵ʮ
ȻоǳȴϲޱȣΪҵķ֮ǰһֱǿǿԼľǣʱеģ֮ȴʱضС
ʮѹʮģҪҲصһͬʱʱѾԼȫȻߣ
Ͻһһĵصֻص֮ʱ㲻ܿƵرˣüͷ𣬡ų⣿֮ų⣿
ڳ˼ʱȴǲҽгҲʲô׼۳˿ȥʱԶһϴˣ


1570 Ҳ
սñ;ŲѵٲҶʱʩչطѭϴӳ˼˵˵ǵѾҵˣûҵأ
˵УѾġطʩչһߣʱãӰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ쭽ڿգͬʱӰҲڴԪлһߣ˳ǰѪһϢӣս֮ߵ۾¶ĶǾ֮ɫ
ӼΪԪҺҲһϸôʱ䣬ҲϪڳǸɺԵ˵ȫǱˮн߶Ҫø̼һ£Ȼ֪ʱָܻأҪǽб̬ĻָڼʱڻָҵľƾΣˣֻۿɲٿһΡ
ǵĴָһģ˳ǵӡҲƳˡ˵߻δӦսѾһȥ
֮£ﻹҷ˿ǳӶˣƾ澳ΪʵûһʣȴСָ˳ȥ
ϵĶҩ̺֮ӴĶһԶ̷£˼״ǶЩҩ棬е̺Ī򲻵֮ʱҲ̷ɳϽȫˣھ֮ʱ˵Щ˵㡣
⼸֣ˡġشݲУսشȻûεߣ۾գգͣ뵽ϲǿֲ˶̵ʱھˣɾ˹ȥ
ϲλǼΣЩԪҺԶɨЩʣµĶһЩ֮Ķ㲻ôأ
ʳһӾ뵽ˡЩƷ˵ɾȴܹʱʧʱָоϻǵ
ԥأ𷨱ʩչƷ汦Ʒ׵ķڣȡ֮ڴ̼ԪҺԪҺӿٹӣԪҺͬˮ㱼ӿڳ
ʱ֮󣬳վȡ˾ѪӡԺʱ˹Ȼ⵽˵ǵҵˡ仰塣
һĻû˵Ԫգǰȥȴ˸ûؾ֮ǰȥؾֻΪ˰ѽ˵׷ɱѣڽѾѭȥȻãظȥ
߲ƣظ˺棬һ·ϣȻѰǳͼ湹ǳ󣻻ڴȻҲűˡ
ͬʱ޾кü½ϣը˹ˣǼ徫Ӣһȫˣʾ䣻ʱЩʦŻǼ壬չ˵飬Ҫףһ֮ìͷָ½ǺɳһӶӵֱ֣½
Ҳڽ죬ؾӭһˣ˵죬ˮ߳ϣҲûؾѰұ·˳һ·֮ضȥһ·ϴ߶ˮ߳ߵľϴߡ
϶Դˣһ֪ڽֳʮͬʱ֮ʣִ˴һС䡱ĳǳأһƫ͵ĳУĶֱ࣬ǱõԱ˵طָƹԱмû˵ЩӡĵĻϽƹ񣬲ƹѯʣϾóĹƣ˵Żܸ󣬾˵ˡ
ǡ
ƹ֪仰ռʲô˼ȴȥ죻ǱٶȹȻ죬֮ʱĹӡα˾ǸϵǣڵǱѾĹңǰǱĴϣˡľ£ˣ
󣬸ݳϵİţɫǱɢϴޡǬ޵ȵȣǱľݵ㣬ǱԽԽ
ֱ⣬ʵռĶôˣ
Ĺһޱʹӣóһöָһ鿴һɫƣʮƬ˵ϧһдۣɫƾʲô
ǣˡ
չǱ󡭡˵ɫѣʵôˣѶȣ
Ĺ˵ҪڶʱڷչҪõóƷ⣬ʵҲЩ⡣α˵ͷͲѡ
һ˼˵⡣

˴ϲ
ȥһҡ
˵ĹųϽһңһңϾסˡ


1571 ʮ
һ߽ңϿģһͼ
ǵ㣬ţ޹ԣȴûɵģһӾͳ˽ȥͬʱֳʮǳǳһֺ۵Ǹֹǳͼ㷢˱仯֡
أԺǳͼתһĻĻɿ֪˶ãԺеĻ棬ڶ񣬲֣еǸǳͼڳҲֻʣʮţԺﶨĻ棬һģһ
ʮǳ˿ôҫۣ
ȥǣϱ㽫ʮǳ棬Կ˹ͷֱ
ʱǳʧǳͼָֻԭͻ⾪ϲ֮Уûصù벻Ѱҵġǳ󡱣Ȼʮš
Ǳǳֵĺ壬ԭô򵥣ǳôıʾǳ󱦣
ϸоʮǳû϶ʱ䣬ʵʱѾڲ֪жȹվʱĹȻҲҶʵʵظվʱָĹʵˣôˣ
ǳͼǲÿһǳķָУ
Ĺһҡͷ˵ǣ¿ǳûУֻϵİ˸ǳָټǳܸǳͼ
Ǻãʱ䣬˸ǳͼ͵ϼе˵ţûĹӦ˵ǣת˵ˣԼȥȡ
֮Ը뵽ǳͼ᲻ǳͼʧȥЧǳͼԳ˵ʵ̫ҪˣȻҪСһ㣬ǳͼҪԣȻĹġ
ˣڽҰΪһᣡ
ôһ˵ֱĹ˸ϲˣǿ׳ϵֶΣߵĹΪǰİ취Ԫڤ٣ǸߵΪʵ뵽Ĺڡ
ͬʱαôʱǱİٻݣжٵ٣
ڹǶһ£һУĹ˵Ϊ澳Ĺ棬αǰ棬Ȼʵ˵ʵҪۿۡ
⣬ЩҩݣƳ˲ٵһЩں󷨵ĵҩΪȵȣǱţʣµĵҩȫ˳ϵĴȻֻʥΪˣҲǳ󣬻Ĺķʽĥˣ˾ػָΪǱоҲǿӦһ¾ơ
󣬳սͱߴȻʮƬֱڳѪ֮С
ҫǣͬʮţ
˳ǣʮţ
Ƴǣʮţ

Ĵ֮ʱһǱıѾƿĻ٣ҪľǱͬУļ塣
ĹǱǵľţһΣĹóƵĵҩţǸӲˣ϶Ǳȥᱻ̲ǰƣҲֻ̣ΪǵʵǱ̫ˣóȻƴȥֻԼʯͷʯͷȴзֺˡ
ڲһˣһǱ˾䣬ĴϣԵ޹ˣǰƵĹȻǱĵˣ뵽˸֣Ǳ϶Ҫߵĸ֣ǴδģΪЩǰ޻֮
ĸ֣ˣ˵ʵĵ߸֣ҲΪѰôǱ϶вٱһļϡ
ֳȻ޵У˲ɨǱദָĹ˵õϢϽֵֵһָͼ֮һ򾡣ȴϣ̫ǿΪҲǶֻ֣Ķӡ
ʱ򣬸˿ǱΣǣ侮ʯûٵԽԽˣǱ˷ȼս
ҲʱÿһǱָ󣬶ӵһϢˣǱдѣٵǱܸ󣡡
ǣǳҪȥһָ
߽Ǳ󣬳ƣõĹϢ۾һͷʾ֪󣬼ۿڰ˸ǳͼ
ڰ˸ǳͼʮţ
˴ָȫʮǳȫǾʮſǳŵڰ˸ǳͼţǰľʮǳѾԸ˽ǿߣʮſţ֪ЧΣҪʮſǳЩѣ̫ˣһٶǳֻ汦Ҳˡ
󣬳ֱǱܸǱܸڵĳУ־ͽǱǣǱһжǱǱǸǴΪĳУû֮һ
Ҳڶۺԭ


1572 ұҪ
ǱľƣһһΣգΪʧηָȫرգԱҲǱǣĹ׼ǱǾһսȻҪǣĹԴʱ䣬˸
Ĺ˷ǳģΪߵߣǺͶԷӪиֲ࣬ܽ£Ҳ⡣
ǱѾγһˣ֮е澳ǿߣ߸ǴﵽʮУУ
˼ǱָرգҲ׼ֱǱǣǱܸݻ٣Ǳɢȫʧ½Σˣ
еˣҲΪһս˱ӮǱ
ΪǶЩ֣žԵģ
һ죬˸ߣȫۼһʮֵĴ£ɱǱǣ
ִǱʱǱǣҪһҵʱ䣬˿̣ţ֪Ǳܸֻжٿǳʮ𣿡
ЩǱϲȥϸ룬׿϶ȺģҪȻĹǵѹЩȫû⡣
Ǳǣʱտյģޱȣ˻ǱǲһǣЩûеȹȥȻ½ܹвǵıȽ٣ǣһǱҲһЩһ½֮棬ǾЩðˣ⣬Щ֮ģҲ䱸š
ԣȹȥģǸʥǿߣЩɱǱǣʱ֮УĹǸһƣӳ󷨵ģ֮һ
£ǳˣûȥӲ󣬶ǵɽûֶʱ䣬ͱƿˡ
ǷɽǱʱǱը¡ֲЩߴһȻûΣգǣҲкüˡ
ʲôֶΣȻܹ˵ǣ
ɢȥǱѾһƬ棬ΨһڵĽǸǱǿ߼״кһЩ½ЩˣһĻɫ䣬뵽Ҫȥ϶ǸըⶼʣһƬʬ޴ı³
ת˲䣬ָΪǶǱ϶ǭ¿ˣĹ⻭棬ϾǾ屻һĳޱ飬ЩɶǱҪٷָܹǰǱǡ
߷ŭֱǱ󣬸߼㿴Ǳǰ棬Ӱһмʶǵüͷоǰһ˲١
ҲǷ۷ʱ̣ҲԸʮʵĸֶţοֻʥΪǣûа취òվǰ棬ǵõǾʱ䣬ϵǸ
һЦݣӳ벻ʶ̧٣Ȱ㣬Ͻһȥ򣬽Щ
ƾǣ
˵أ
ȰǣǸϽȥɣȻǱˣǾ߶߲ˡ

һ˿ЦصǱˣǶҪǱˣΣѵ½ϣǵĶ֣
仰ڿееһӰ


˶ţ˵˶ʮӣЩûˣһйӳ˾ͱѪɡ
ɵڵʲôʱôˣȻܹһнͬʱɣ½ûƣҲ
Ȼ˵ȴֹȥĹ˸ϽһһѵķĹÿӳһöָͷһ޺ţô౦ǻⱨӦģˣҪǰٱǧ³
ˣȲ㣬Ϊͬ
͵һɨĹɣҲѪײǱϣ˶ˣ˵ˣѾǱ
ƣ˵һ£ǱͻữΪˣô㰡
ʱԶһƣԣ
˭
Ǳˣ
ͷڹѣɣ˵Ӱʧƣȥﻹ˵һƣΣ
ұҪ
㻹񣡡
˵ţѪͻؾӿȥҪܵƣҲã˲֮֮ܶʱһֻʵ廯âȭͷǰ


1573 ҵĵ

һҽУѪɻȥֱǧ׿⣬ͣ߿һĻɾ㵳ս֪ţ澳ǿߣ½ܹ澳ǿߵ
½֮ˣǣǱ½ģˣҲӦ½ı˲ǣôôǿʵ
ȴüëһвУһӴܵߣӿŨ֪ôأһ뿪ĳ嶯
ɻûתϵӰǱǰ棡
пϣԴ䡱һը죬ֱһʱδǿˣΪ񣡾ȻǴʥɡ
ɲסŲոһзŵʵߵˬУһӾʹ䵽һȭѪŭֱСӣҴң
㣿
ƽϣޱȻüɱ֮⣬ȵʲô˵Ҫȡ

һڻû£һѭĳϣǰѪɫʮʮġѭ˾Ÿһǡȭ¡
޵ֿͱҷɣֱײǱϣȻղĹߣĹһѽĲסŭغҵıǧ̣һǧʥ
Ĺͣ˵ţֱ˵Աһ˺ղѣȻǶڳϱǿʵ𾪣ǿûзӳʵ˶ϣΪʲô
Уһ⣬Уţٶȣ֮ĪһƴɱʵУղߵʲôԭ򣿡
Ĺϵݺᰡˣǻ˺ööıǱҲˣһҪǰٱǧ⳥
ǧ
ҲǺЦĹܵ˿϶ᣬȴһоûУ˵ĻǱҡҡͷ˵ôҲҪ򱶣
򱶺ã򱶺ãһҪ򱶣ȻȫңǾ塭Ĺҧгݵ˵ţһЦĻϣ˶ų˵ȻϷ֪ʲôаΪܴùһȺǿߵĻʹشˡ
ǿߣҲǿ𣿡
Сӣ̫ŲãҲʲôط
Ĵ˿Цҵĵûҵ룬͵ҵĵ̣ҵĵ̱ɷ棬Ҫܴ۵ģ
ۣʲôĴۣ˵
ϷŪĿ˵ϵЦǵСóűٱòĻȥ򱶵ı
ЦϷˣһֻϣвһȺϷֶ֪ôд
Ŷ
ǫ˵Ҫ̽ôд
һȻˣĵڴһϣҪԼȥԸ³ɾǰңϴɱˣǿ϶ҲҪĴۣʵɷǳΣա
㲻ң԰ɣ
ʣ˺ȵٿʮĸˣһܴù𣿡
һ䣬Ҳһˣ
ϻ䣬սϵȵүүڴˣ˭
۾һսеսϲ˵ˣΣ뷭첻ɣ
һ䣬ǲʮĸˣ
ǿһˣʮĸˣ۾Ϲ𣿡˼ȴǽĿеϡ
иմ˼лԴըĿɫһӾͿˣϽֳʵţδ֪УãʵǿܹУﲻţǧܣûбܵÿҪ֪ǱģҾǴҲǱҪҵĶ
˵뿪𣿡
붼û룬ѿ˵룡
Ӧ֪ɣ
е˵ͷʼȡһӾȡ˰˼汦Ƕ汦˿ۺ첻ѣ·ֻҪһطҪȥͻأǻһ˵ʵ˶ȴɲĸоһˣȻǸֻΪСӣó˼汦˵ʲô
ǸĲǣϲûнܣϵ˵Ǳôָ󣬱ǻˣǱҲΪƽˣҵ˻ѪˣһƴƴΪǸϻã㶫𣿡


1574 ڴһμ
һ˵ڳľ˼汦½˾Ȼϣ˵˶һµģתͷȥУţƵˣԼܲˣѵŭ
Ȼеϣһŭ鶼ûУеֻŨŨĿЦҺòռıѾ챻͸ˡ
Ҫͱˣ
ϻ䣬ٶȼͳһ̽˵
һ̽ɢϢʵرһ汦ĹűҵĺʼһűѾôΪ֮ˡ
˱侲ԸѹűøˣҲԸȥ˵Ǻηʥ˵Ŀ⣬ֻصϣ뿴һλôش
𾪡Ũ֮ʱĹЦݣޱȵش
ҲǾȣһоó汦һűó˼汦һűϵװ˶ٱ
ͬʱǸʻŨô౦ôΪһñأʲô𣿡
˼ӿȴǵ˵ǲǾҵθںС
˻شһ˿ΣθڻСнЦֱֱضųϣΪڱŭˣҪݺݵؽѵ֪ߵغСһ١
ʱ˵ҿԳ֣Ƕ
ʲô
Ҫǣ
˵Цһ㶼Ц

˶еĻش𣬷ǳȣǳŭ֮ǰվͬһսϣ˿̾ȻΪһ񣬾ҪѪԣǴš
ȴһȻػصڿЦ𣿡֪ʮУЩ˵ıǿӲҪЩˣҲٵ鷳˵ǣǵϵǼֱСˡ
ʮ˰Խ䱸ǲһѣһˣпųϣֻҪһͷͻɱȥɳȴҡҡͷ˵ҵ
ǡ
ԲóһűֻҪʮ걣ڣΣ
У
жȻܾ㶼ôܴȥʮ걣ڣҲ֪Ҳ˵ҲΪеһ֣ǿɾˣΪӡ
ʮΪеȶжǲַ˵ʱٶޱȿݵóһˮ˵ڣҿ𣿡
ϼ˳ˣ˵ʮһζűļֵɱʮ걣ڴöˣЩ˻˼ǧ꣬ҲûűأĲٿǿǣ
пЦûб¶ˡ
ðɣڴһεļ档
Զټ
нʮ͵ϻӰһӾʧˣ˲ǧ֮У߶ôˣȥطˣֱһվ鿴һȻ뿪½ԶҪ
Ӧ֪ܶ顭
Žʮװ봢ʮ߿һĻſˮղҪ̳дֵģзߣƲסԼβѿںĴҸһ·
ȷ
ϵһͬ˵һ֣նɱбƽ֣
ã
ʮһӦȻƵн˼汦ű˺֣ǸЩļֵΪʳΪϸղսȥĲƣѾȥƴ
ͬʱҲųϵأʮߣûһأһȥ˿ϸƵĻᣬʮٶǰ澳ΪǿΧɱϺһսѪս
ʮ澳ǿƴɱɲؾУսսҪȥȴ˵ս£ʵ֧Ųסʱٶ֡
ϴ󣡡
£
ս˳ȥɱǰϵЦݱѪȾñ䣬͸ޱȵ㲻֪дϷ㣡Ȼ
䣬һϮҪӳϵÿһëϸѪҲȥ޿ɵֵϷڵЦζΣ
̺Źһ㣬ǣ
û뵽ôһﻹŲмȻŭȵǾٳħצζ
һֻצӣƿץ
Ҳͬһ˲䣬ͻضһӰӣħצ֮ʱӰȻײȥ˵ĹҲӿ


1575 д
ɱУը£
Щ½ϣʵƣƼΪޣʵԽߵƾԽСӿϵʮɱУرɫ
ϵѪɫ壬˺ϻĵطɡħצץϣһǡȭӦ죬ɫ¡£
˲䣬ȫ淢ϵעȴǼǵӰϣһתӰӣʮͬʱˡġӰҪײʱȴͻرʵ壬һˣ罣ָӿŽ֮򣬴˫ۣ
С
д󾪣Ӱӱˣɱ̫ˡ
罣ָҪʱʮġɣʱָըѪֱ˴󾪣Ȼû뵽ܹӰӴɱһпǰ԰顣
̿ͣһУˡԶѭ
ֻǱסʵѪֻ֮Ӱӣӡ˳ȥȷʵǿܹ̾ʵ壬ȴûǿ̾Ӱӵĵز
ʵ̿е𾪣ȳϸǧ򱶣ֻǸоȻŻϢܣͷǳͻأըˣ˵ʱѪ֮Ȼʲôסˡ
ͬʱȭҷɣϵ˰ٲʵǿ˵Ĺȫסϵѹά̫֡ࡣ
ɫ磬ʣϣͷֱɫڳһսУһδɳ˿̣ܼǿѾԺ˵Ĺ
ɵģĪǵħצ˶ˣԼġħצȴץס˳ϵļﲻɵմҵҸһȽ׵ǿߣҲˣˣֻСȥһˣѹս㻹ܷӼʵ壬һֱҿ϶ܹսһݴģǸˮҪˡ
ţ쵽˲ԾħצɢԽԽԽԽģħצеڼʧѪ쳣ѿھôˣʲô£
òϣħצȷʵƴ󣬳Ϲ⡰ħצ̺Ĺ򣬾̤˹һţټ⡢Եȷͬ޵Уϧı˳ϣȻûԼ򣬲ù͡ħצ࿹
ǣǿǰ׸ģӷ񣬼ڸոհϣˡħצеĴǿû֧ţܷӶЧأ
֪һ㣬ٶȣڵӿ롰ħצУά֡ħצܣǣӿȥ٣󺣣˿Ӧ
ȥˣ𣿡˼⣬ȴǻޱˣôû¶أ
ʱϺȵ
ʱ˱ɣҲһ˿԰ף̫ʮߵĵһϻϴˡ
˷֮⣬ʮɢΧûڶΪղųϱֵʵ̫ǿˣرɫǰһӵǳս⣬Ѫ춯ǽ䱸ޱȡ
˵˿̣ǹԮ
ֻˣתȫ޸ӵͬʱЦ㻹ǲд֣Ҫҽ
ʲô
дְ
˵ţľڿգдš֣дúǼѣֻΪڷѰҵһġ׵Ǹġžޱȵġ
ſң
òץҰɣ
ϵ˵˦ֵˣȴȵط֣˦ˣתӿͬʱġס֣£־ͲԼʹˡ
˵֣
ǱʮɨȥĿߵǸӰϣƾϢ֪ߣǸӰӴ̿ͣʵ˵أ
񣡡
ӰӴ̿͵Ʈ죬˵ĸоƺ˵ˣƺû˵
֣˵ʲô
ӰӴ̿üͷоеϤĸоһʱ֮䣬ȴ벻ͻأмһ˾ȵģһġ
ţ𾪵ؿųϣʵһʦ
ҿɲ֪ʦʲôֻһѡ
ҡͷ˵ڳ˵ŵʱ򣬷ѾڲˣΪϻķΪϻһɢűҪ
ʱ϶Է˵һд֣дòãͶ
£ɣ


1576 ܳ
ɣ
ҫ֣˲ʧšġʧģзƤ֮Ѫ⣬ԼڲѪ֮вλѪܡѨϡ
ȥѪ⣬ɷĩ·棬ƮƮɢ

гҾ徣۾ǿ־壬ҽŷ͵سű·¶ʺޱȵģѪܵӣͷţȫһƬ޵ʺ졣
С
˵һӲϵ۾˼η壻ǱϴιȥòͿһĻȻͷһᣬԥ˹ȥ
˵ǣǳԼһĻҲǱһǽġľȵȣǣûнġΣ׵ģˣ߽׵ġġֻεȾ磿
סġѪ⣬߽ףʲôꣿǡţҽؼѪѪɫ֮£ӿøˣľңҪһֱȥҪ˶ãͻ᳹ûˣʱ˿̣ʲôԷûˡ
ţң
Ϊʲô
ΪǾˣɱңǾ϶Ź㣬ĺǣὫץסһв˵ʮǾˣһ澳ǿߣЩη壬Ϊƣܹסϣʧˡ
һЦʵʲôܳ𣿡

Ŷ
Ӧһŷ͵ؽŵ£ȴûаֻΪŵؿֲ
κ󣬷ŵۣ˼˵㡭ǳˣ
Ǻǡ
һЦʲôû˵ȥҲ²⣬ȴǺǳˣΪʲôӵû˵ܹһ塣
㻹ûеƣûеĻ֮սͽˣǱ߻кܶˣȥأ
ҲҲҪ
ðɣ㲻
һ仰÷ڵû뵽ϻô˵˼άûתʱ򣬳ȡһξѪ
⻭棬ĹЦˣ۾ԶЩ˵ˣʼѹεһɶǸ׵׵Ĵۡ
ţſ˷̲ţһ֮󣬷ɱȥҪϽѰһѪﻹţܽΪһ壬һҪؾʱ˵һ͡
ɱȥȻȥ׷һĻʮָо̫ˣһָָһ澳ǿߣ˵ҴһҪǴӮңҷ뿪
ģ
Ǿ͵û˵㡭
ãҴӦˡ
ľˣȳϼ˵ȥ͸ϽӦ˳ȥľȥʱ򣬸оڵѪ쳣иǴϲȵڶţľ֮ŭ
ϽüѪɫ尲ҪúõĴһԼԱʵľֵĿֲܣ˫ŲµϢоϲ֮ȣˮ𣡡
ˮ㣬֮ƣ֮ƣ
ȻײϵףɫӲ԰ףľȴûгô˹ȥųϸղżһУ̤һţĹ֮ƣһ
ţٴιͬһУһľʮȷʵƣľоԼһӷˣҲǾ֮ɫ
㲻Ļûмֵˡ
ľعľŭŹ֣һţӮڶţԣȥɣľռ䣬ľ֮ŭ
澳ǿʩչ򣬱ʩչǿ򱶣ѾһСռ䣬ռľףϾͼšˮ𡱣һͷľռС
һȥͱڶŵĹذΧˮ䱻ѹСûȫɢͬʱľռУŨŨľϢƬռɭγɣֺֻһȴһԶ׳ݻƵ
ľ֮ŭ˺ųϵӣҪͬͬһľһľԪһ뵽ݵɳ̻ûЩ棬˵ͬͬң㣬ڶ̣㣬
ͬʱʮһ˵Ŀ⣬ľüȥţϢʮͬʱͷ


1577 ƣ
ľһ˲֪ΪʲôսľٶһûʹȭͷԼ֮ĴУףϱľռУ
⣬һᣡ
ǵȻܴ
ǸӰӴ̿˵ҪҴᣬҲҵģôܿҵӰӴɱһΣҪڴˣ
׼ԼɱУľҲ׼ԱľռʱһӰͻشԶ˻ҶһǸոȥķ
ôˣ
ľʮ˹ͬʣ۾ĴѰңľľռϣ˶촽˵棿
Ҫһãʮ֮նɱ⣡һгɼߣ˵ɼΪ϶Ӧȴŷͻǰȵ˭ҪǸҶһëϷͺƴ

ɵˣˡ
ɼˣղŲҪ
ûϷ˵Ļ𣿡
˵˶쳣Ҳ뵽ǲǳʲôֽţ̶뵽˳ϴӷȡһξѪӰӴ̿˵Ϊס𣿡
ǾĹͣ˭ҪɱҾͣԣǶ֮ǰҪıȻ˵ⷬȴǱѣԺǵӡǣ͸˶
һۣӰӴ̿˵ֻҪֽһ㣬Ҳ鵽ʲôɣ
ң
ƣӿˣľɫ䣬оԼľռڱǡľ֮ŭԽԽ󣬸Ͻһȣ춯֣Ҽֲˡ
ɼһ˴󾪣Ͻһһġռ䡱ӰӴ̿͸ǲ֪ȥ˺δʱָоѪҺ쳣ֳѹơ
ľġľռ䡱һʧӸǵ˷ȥϵӰ¶ѭһ𣬡ȭġռ䡱ѡ
ȻǲʣǾͱҲˡ
ϵ˵Ӱ͵ʧˣ֪ˣҡҲھȣʵڸ㲻Ƶͻ䡣
һȭջڵȴǷӰϣ
һȭӰһӰӣ˲Ѫ֮ѪӰӴ̿˵ôܹôң
Ϊʲôܣ
ҵӰӣҵѪ֮ɢһϢҲȫޣôֵģӰӴ̿Ͱ˼⣬һżȻΣǱȻˡ
ֻϧϣѪûһѪһ淢ֲ㣡˵һ뵽ӰӴ̿ͲӰҪǸͻȻһڵ״ҲǸԣŭ̺Ź۳һߣӰӴ̿͡
˵˵ҵ
֡
ӰӴ̿͵һ㱣Ȼʧˣͬһʱ䣬ɿȥľҲʧˣɼһ˶ʧˣ϶Է˵Ǹġ
ҲʧԪգѪɫѭѪҺĲ׷ٶȥռѭΡһʩչվ˳ɼǰɼϲһ񣬾Ȼ׷Ԫ棬ҲĶ֣ڴԪˣ
ܲңҵĵ̣
𣿡
ɼЦһȣ֮նأ
Ȼûʧ֮⣡Цţˮ𡱣ηسȥġˮ𡱱һʩչѾǿ˲٣һΪһΪںϵø൱糤С
һײ֣ˮɻȫնɼЦоΣֻǸտʼ
ԶҪ
ٴγԪŶԣڳƴɱʱβӿڵĴԪͬʱϻĥȻʡ
ƴɱֳĶˣӰӴ̿ȸյһȣӰӸ켴ӰӴ̿ʧûѪɫȥѰңҪս֮ս
һαնˣѪ罦ӰӴ̿ȴǳڼԶľԥϳ֣ľ˵û뵽Ȼܴƹ򣬸ںƣ֪ܲںϵ֣
һ⣬û֣ǻʲôƣ
˼䣬
նأ
ľ֮ŭ


ϻǼˮ𡱣ɾһ˲䣬뵽ˡ֮١ǹɻƣޱȣ֮ƣ


1578 ѭ
ع֮ⱩϮϵġˮ𡱣͵ֵסֻԻһ¹ƣͱݻЩ֮룬ǱѾӦľйӣ˺Ѱľʹ
ϵЩѪ⣬ҲЩսһԪһԪһֱô̵ġ
Ȼȴûиоһרעŵƣ֮ƣƶԣơͻ۰ԵޱȣϣĽմȾϣǣ֮֮ƣͨ㸳ģ㱣֤߲ụͻ֮ƣںһ𣬶ͻأ
üΪ棬ľٴι¡ռ䡱ֲģ֮ӿϾͳ˾κеһֻС
ɼںţͷˣˣͲӵйűӵǿϣ
Ȼڳ˼ɻһټ屾ܸΣգʱʵ廯ȫˡ⡰У
֮ҧڡϣȴûйơķǹ֮ĴģԽԽɼ״ٲԥռ䣬
Ҳռ䣬ɢȥǣȻûйƳϵݣĿһݣٴιʱ˸ϵ󹥻
ȻЩʩչ֮⣬ȴҲСرǰлһӰӴ̿ͣԺ︡ڶģͣǧ㾭ڶܹͬʱƣֻںϲںϣЧдȶ
Ħͣסӣٷȥٶͬʱѭһǡȭһߣ顱һؿڱѣ˳ȥ
״Ͻüоһƽʱͬ£һת˼ٶȵԭٶ˸͵ײ
նأ
ɼٴκ죬ϻ۵ųɼ£ǵĹһӳ嵽ɼǰ˵Ҳϣ

ȭ
ѣϷĿն죬ôƵˣ
𣿡
һߣȭͷֱϣűȥɼЦ˵ƲˣƲˣ˵꣬ɼͷЩԾΪѾ˵ûӰˣ˵ôԶŶԣ𣿡
һˣɼ飬ҿסӣӵҪѡɼȻֹһӰ׽ٶȳײϤȭ
ˣ٣ȭ
ɼ˵ԽԽԶϵԽԽ󣬶ԽԽ׽ϵӰնءĴУҲԽԽˡ
óɼƵǣ˭Ҳֻ
ٶȣٶȣٶȣ

ٶȡ
ϳֺĿ֮Уײ˲ٴΣ˵ԽԶԽ죬ɼ챻Ʒˣͣһս𣿡
ȭ
һλнϵǸλãꡱһȻˣɼͫһ·Ŵ󵽼£ȭ汦Ǽٵġ
һȭأ
ٷɻأһȭʧȥġնء÷飬ؿϣɼؿһѪʹԴֱӱ˴Ԫգȥ
ΧˣһŽб
ľͬʱ׳ϵȭͷΪʲôԽԽǿȵΧסҪʩչٶȵĻᣬֻҪûٶȣͲô󣡿㣬ҪȻǾͶˡ
ͬŸߣʮһߣذΧֻʮˣӰӴ֪̿ͣȥΧúľһ˵ڣ㻹ʲôֶΣ
һЦʵޱȵܣٶһѭȷʵǿͬʱҲҪѭʹһʹȴһһô򵥣ǱѭԽ࣬ʹԽ
һȭʱϵѾһѪֻȥ˵ֶΣеǣֻҪ㹻
ڶŵǣƬϢҲҪ̷ҩǺҲҪ
ľûзаȻһЦԺڶ֮ơơ֮ƣˮ֮򣡡
ƣ
ľƤһϣ϶ǾܳɹģǣֱϣȴŵΣյζɲɣҵķŭɣ

˫ּ䣬һˮˮɺڶڶƣת


1579 춯֣
ľ֮ŭ
Ժڶ帳ˮ֮ƣ
Ÿٷеʯͷҵķʽײһ𣬺¡ըֱΧСռ÷飬ڶҡβѣ״ҲЩ仯ȴͬʱӿŨŨƣ
ƣ֮ƣ֮ƣ
һĻҡ
ϮΧУһֳ֮У
𸲸ǣľľԵĹ֮⣬ֱӱһɶ
ľ㵵һľ֮ŭһйˣϱѪ⣬Ҳˣøɸɾ֮ǰˡġҪɾͬʱһ˴Ԫգ
ﵽһ֮࿹ģ
ţȴûаиڵ״Ӳˣǰ㸳ʱĲ̫󣬿úڶ֮壬ȡһ룬Ȼûдﵽһοֻ۵ĵزȴû̫Զ
Ŀǰĺڶûдﵽǰĳ̶ȣԣŻķôĺڶǿǽһȫ̡
ʲô㶣춯֣
һȽҲϴ˼оѣЦǣ춯֣
Ҫֵˣôһ˵Ӳסˣȴûԥ˵ȻôҾֻòˡ
Ӱ˸ˮ֮Ƽʩչߣľĺ󳾣һܲˣٴμڶˮ֮ƣĿģǴˮ֮ƣڶ֮壬Ҫʩչˮ֮ƣ֮У
ž
ž
ž
һһ߷ɳ˴Ԫգת֮䣬ֻʣ¾ˣ棬ˣǰ澳ϵɫҲ԰׵˼£ʹ࣬ѾȫݣѪ֮ܶȥһλȴԶԾ˵һϰɣ
Ѿˣ㻹ʲô񣡡
ǣ
ӵƣ
˱ֵòΪȻȴһ֣Ҳᣬ֮򣬸ơơ֮ƣȼհɣ
£һҫŻĺڶײˣЩȴΪԭԪҺͣӿҲʩãǣЩṳ̂һţôóϵġ֮ơƴնŻռ䣬
ϧǵձȥȫˣ˽澳ڵޱȣȼ֮£ǵӴ󺣱˽ӣ˺ϪʱԶˣΪϵάָƵĻ֮
ˣȴʱõʱͬʱţʱɱ˳ȥ¶ЦݣЦа죬ܺãôãӦҲҪ˰ɣ
ȭһأΪ˶Ҫɱǰϲž֣ʱϵӰӣͻ˱仯ڸ仯˲䣬һĨڹ⣬Ϯ˫ۣ
Ȼ󣬲Ӱӣɱ
ӰӴ̿ڰУڳ˵˵ʱûг֣ڳ˼֮ǣûг֣ڳˣ֮ʱûг֡
һ̣ӰӴ̿ڳ֣
˿̣ڿݽߣδҲΪȷʵѵĴɱֻ֮ϧзӰӻζ֮ʱͬʱѭһСռС
ӰӴ̿ͻûȴûõģֻҪӰڣӵﶼûãնӰӣһôնõӰأ
кܶӰأ
ϷУӰȫת˲ϰٸϡð˳ӰһƬÿһӰӶֲܹ˭棬˭Ǽ٣
ӰӴ̿ʹ󾪣ٴԶѭɳѣ˵̿ʹΣ֪ΪʲôȽ𣿡
˵䣬Ѫɫһתλʮˡġ
ΪҪΣУҳɳø죬ûˣӦ˵ҶӰӴɱǺȤġ
㲻Ҫң̿͵ıһ㲻ܳܵģ
һֱڱң
ӰӴ̿͸оڵѪԽԽѹƣ֪ȥӲһݣӰ飬ÿһ鶼ΪһɱУӰӣɱ
Ҷ
ʮġ£ЩɱڿжҲһѾץסӰӴ̿ͣȡ侫ѪݺҳԪգ
ǾѾŸӴˣվ룬˵ʱ򣬲Ҫӣʵ̫ˣ
Ѫұ




̶ŸҲȥ


1580 һ˿ţż
Ѫɫãʵ̫ˣ
֪һսһ֮ԿžõģѪɫ壬ǳȴоѪɫԽǿ󣬾Խʺ
غһ󣬳¶ģ򲻵֮ʱٶѪɫ壡
飬ͺðöˣ˵ǿȫûϲŲǵʲôıһ֮󣬴˵֧ͳǱ
˾ŲѣȴӲȫĹĲƤǺް취ǲˣȴ᲻뿪硣
ս֮Ǳ˿赲
Ǳ飬ûȥܣսռʮߵϺ󣬱վǱܸǰǳͼ۾žʮǳ
ǣһȥҲûСʲôߡ
ĪǾʮǳѵ˵
ţۡǳʱʮǳۣŸʱٹʮǳһ֮󣬵ָʮǳҲУ
˫֮УоʮſǳϷֵԼļޣټ룬ͻʼľٿǳͼһȥȴǲ˵㣬ֲǳ
⸱ǳͼָǳͼǰ򵥣ҲŴˣŻĪѣµģѣԽѾ˵ǳͼԽǿǳϣǶƣ
ϼۡĴָǳ
ʮǳͻ˳µʱ䣬ϵʮ֮꣬ڡۡʮǳʹɳжȹˣʱһ˿ǳ
ٴοǳͼ
˿δҳѾӣҪ˫ӣبԶΪһߵ񣬳ϵ˼һֱããǳгΣ

ֱ֮ҹʱ֣۾⣬Ժֲããǳǳ־âǵͼҷǳɺϵأ⸱ǳͼպһ˿ǳ
һ˿ţϾʮټϾʮţһʩչĻԸ澳ǿߣ澳Ҳˣֻǲ֪ܲԶԸ֮ǿߡ
ţ߳ңĹ˵˳أǰĹϵһ˲䣬˱ˣǵʲôطˣȴ˵ֻη֮ĸŨ
ĹҪϱջ˵Ǳǿ˺ֵزǣûпڣϾʵ㻹ǵһҴЩ𣿡
ǵã
Ĺܿ϶˵ЩȵؿһۣЩʮ֮ĹȻܼǵãһ˵ǿ̣ƷײߣƷ
£ĹûмӣĹ;ȵˣˣǿ̣һżеģֻһֱûϹó
ż
Щż˵Ź£˵ǿ̳֮ܲ⣬Ҳ򵥣ϲɽ˽ȭͷϣ̲ؾеһֱ˷ʣȻûȥǣĹȴоԼ궼סˡ
Ǹ«أ
һĹŻָԭϽ˵һı˵ģ֪
ڰ׹أ
Ҳδ룬Ĺͻصڷġ
Ͽһۣû뵽ĹļǵôӴҲ˵ĹԱĳգѾﵽһȫµľ磬˵Щջȫһ¡
ǣˡ
֮Ҫȫһ飬뿴û̡ı˺˵Ķ󣬳ľɼ߽֮ʩչ򹥻ԴԼ
ͬʱǽԼȻʣ̤ڶŵľ˵һ飻һ¹ȥϵϴﵽӹһµĹǵһţӰҲȽ
ģǴ죬ԼĹ
ϵѾӦ˵ĹٴȥȻûã߳ҵʱȣľЩߣ۾˸ŵȫǾηϳɳʵ̫ˣ뵽ҹͣЩЩȻ
һ߳ϵǰͷһѵĴָĹǱеıȫ˳ϵǰʱ̽ûʲôϲطֻ֣ǽЩҩһ࣬õĲϣһζ֮󣬶Ĺ˵ʮĸ˶ãٸһЩҩڿǣϣ⡣
ˣģһѾ½еı

ǣˡ
ҸЩˣעһ£ʵʱһЩΣգͽȡ
ǡ
Ϊ֮δ㲻
ĹҪߵлϵӰȴʧˣһ̣ǳսˣڴԪʱϵţ˼Ȼϣ


1581 ٵóռ
֮⣬Ȼʣۡޱȡ
֮⣬Ȼ֮УԵɷͣɴٳ
ľ֮⣬ӡѿҶɳҶ䣬ȴһֵ򿪻֮䣡

ţĹ֮⣬Ƿŭ벿Ȼʣǧƣ⣬ˮľӵжֶƣ̺Ÿ⡣
ͬǧˮֻܴȡһư
һ˵ֻһư
ȻһҲУϣѾư
ö࣬кôҲл
üͷĲơơ֮תΪ⡢⡢֮⣻뵽ļʩչĴﶬ뵽˺ı׵뵽һݴĳǿǳ䡭
ԽԽ࣬ϲˮ𣬻ǽľˣǳһеһУӲ֣


ţиץסʲôɵȳ˼ȥʱȴҲָоˣСЩɥȴûгھɥ֮Уѵ˵ҵĻۻ
󣬳˼Ӧýе顪ڿռ䣡
ڿռ䣬ںδ
Լһʱ뵽˵ҵĵװĶҲ٣ɴཫڿռˣֻأ
Ҳûر˵ϳ֪ڿռ䡱ĸ֣Ǿ䡰صأǳزԵĻ֮⣬Ҳ֪ˣڵ֡
ôأ
뵽۾һܹܱܲٳһռأһ˼šÿһͼҵֵ㣡
ڴԪд˽ʮ֮󣬳ЩüĿǾǽ١Ѩϡԣ⣬һ;Ǿҳ
һšӣȫĵء롱
ͬʱļ令ųϵǣھһѪƴǵĶ֣澳ǿߣܼ򵥣ǿãΪɫõѪ˵ҪȥǵѪ
õ뿪Ӷ۵ϵǣǣ岻Ӧһսʹչļɱȥ塢ѩһǲͣµķ
澳ǿߵʵѹ˲٣ļҲƴȫȴԵвˣгµĵƣʤķӳȥ澳ǿæҵġ
ֵǣ澳ǿ߶ûڽԪ֪ǲǿӰԭ򣻿ɼʱļļ˴ԽԽΣˡ
ļҪʩչĴУԽԽ٣һ澳ǿץļ֮ʱļȼһˣȴûɱٴϮ֮ʱļпɵУ޼ƿʩûƴ˵̵ָزļѪ֮УҪļץʱǹӴļĴﶬȫȫںһûдﶬֻ֣֮˵ʱؿΪΪģΪΪ
ӦģǱܱļɹ벽澳նɱץ棻ϧǸտ룬֧ʱãԱһ潫ļ߷ɳȥһϢ
䣬ļ⣬صŻٳĽҪԼĽ򣬿ɾ̫ΣգΪֹ棬еĽ򣬳׵׵ģһιһػŭ˲ɱʱ޵ֵ֮ǳӳ֮һķžȻ˾䡭
ֻǣΣˡ
ڳеķԽԽٵʱһŽ𷢵Ӱٷ󾪣æ볷ˣȴǳˣһ¡
ļ俴ߵֻü˵˰䡰áĻͻ˹ȥһѽȫգȥ
ǬޣһϢַһż߷׷ǰ棬˾ͽ˾ͽϸĺ«ʢƵľƾߣ
ޣζ뱿׷һֻܵĲݣݣֵýҶӣһŵĻ𣻿׷ڰ;ϣζ뱿ȴͣˣΪһ˵סǵȥ·
ˣɢϢζ뱿ܲѣΪ澳ҪζŮĿ⣬һַζϣһ֣ȴǷðĲϡ
ζ˵ʵر𣬿ζȷ˽


1582 
ζηسɱȥȻζΪڡԡ˳֮󣬼Ϊ𾳣ͳʥ磬ǣʵսٵÿĻҲ̤ʵԣ澳ʩչһζͱ
ܱȣȥȴ澳ǿߵһָͷţȫѪѳɹ֣ͷꡱ죬ǧףอҲ
澳ǿ˵ڱӵǰ϶㲻ϣһУܽͽ֮·Ҳ
˵澳ǿ۾ͻһΪ϶ıܣȻվһһ̤ÿ̤һܵӾͱһɣ
е˼
澳ǿµؿţ߳ʮ֮ʱǴ󣬿ɢܣȴԽԽӴ󣬴Ҳʼҡ˫Ѫض澳ǿߣһĶѿ
ӣսµģ
һ£Ԫۣ˲澳ǿ˵һУֻҲҪһСֻϧǱҪ߼ε澳ǿߣ
˵ţһָͷֱ̱ơ
ܱҪ澳ǿߵƣȴͻر˷һסζϣűøɸɾζܽؿζӣͬʱ澳ǿ߳ȥ顣
ζ˲¡
澳ǿ˵һֻħޣҵǣŭңԣҪǱŰ֮Ѫ⣬ƬƬ䣬ʹڳ塭
ζûߣеֻǷŭŭУζ˳ɱУ֮ն£澳ǿЦȫûнζζʵʵ̫ˣֻӳһ⣬ζǰ棬˵˶ȱţȱӾʰֻú㡣
ȥɡ
䣡
һ죬ǵֱӱն澳ǿ߾òԾعʱǾ󲿷ֵܣѾϡ
澳ǿִ߲֮˷ȴǵ˳߲۾⣬ȵⲻԼ
ſܣ
澳ǿЦˣϧ˲ȻЩ֣ɾǣúܣȻ㲻ʶ̧٣ӾȽѵѵɣ
һζζ̻һ̣Լͱˣ澳ǿ۾ʱ⣬Ц벻ϻôõı
澳ǿ߼һǴУȴǱ̸ƻζһ£澳ǿٱˣ۾ӿ˵ǸһᣬӵŮһӣȴҪ˵ĻӾͳȫ㣬ĵ㣡
澳ǿǴйȴ̵£ֻɢϢƷףѾҪƷˣζǱľζϷ
϶Ǻñ
澳ǿߺ˷ܣѾó˹֮ƣٹζֻҪ־ˣըкȥ
ζṩǱܵرܿ̾͵汦ûƷףһͨķζ¡
澳ǿһֱָָζָδ֮ȴƿѪ⣬ָ룬ҪͱƵʱﴫһɷ֮
һǿ
澳ǿߵֱֱۣӱ飬ӵӣѪۣŸˣȱܵĻҪأò԰һѪɫ
ЩֻǱܿģ澳ǻޱȣһɱ˺ӣͷʹѣΪҲڵ
ĵʲô
澳Ŀɿڴ˵ţȴͣҵζشζȭͷתƴӡ
澳ǿ䵽˵زģȻǳµǿʣζ澳ǿܣҲ֧ŲסղҲأȫƾһ֧š
ӣлл㡭
˵ţζȥպõϣѪȾ̣ʧڽζӣ̸ڽȥʱе㣬ͻػ
ԶݣҲ˹ܽζţζΪ䣬˲۾磡
ǱߣܻţǴȴǽһ룡
ԪУеĳϣüͷһչ˴ȥ룬ȴô벻أ
ʱ֮󣬳ֵѪܹУѪܹأ᲻ãţѾˡѪܹĹ֮С


1583 ߣҲҪҳ
ѪܹһرĿֿӣֻ꣬Ϊ˵Ѫܹڣȴǿţָоʵܵý
϶ѪܹȶϤˣҲڳϾ롱ѪܹʱԺͳˡѪܹӣЩҶ·иĴСԼֲ
ûиоʲô𣿡
ɻأǰܹáõģȫ۾ѪܹϣǣϵõģʲôûС
ҲûзѾأ
ʱǾγɡҲѪܹģ
ټϾ
ֻ״̬ٻһЩĵľؾϳѪܹ
ԾɲУ꣬һ룡
룬Ҳֻгûоϵͳѧϰײɵ˲ŻȥԣңҲֻõΪ뾫ԣ
ȻĺҳԣĻǿտҲ
ҾͲˣꡢһϣ
֮ǰ϶Ƿֱ𷢻ߵãҲʱõ뾫ںϣɽںǵһΣ
ǽϣϲ뽹ꡢû˿͵ģںһ𣬳ϸһ룬ǰ͸ֳһѪܹԺһ꣬һģһ
ϴϲץȥ
һץЦȴסˣΪץȥĸоץסˡѪܹĸоץסԼ뾫ĸо
һϸ룬뷨˵깥﹥Щ񣻳ԭĴ㣬Ǿ۳ǲںһ꣬ѧϰ깥
ǣԴӾҲһ֮󣬼ʱϾûȥᷨ˵깥ȴϣ֮Уȴʩչһ깥
ֻǣϲû˷ܣеֻǷŭ
סҵҾͲҲ㣬ꡢǾڼѪ⣬ϹͷĸƢеһУǾߣҲҪҳ
ųϵŭеȫɢȥÿһѪϣÿһͷЩѪ⡢ͷеķʽתҪȥоѪܹҲأϽѪܹӣӵøˡ
ܿϵѪ⡢ͷอһʽô֣ᷢЩѪ⡢ͷһѪֻܹŴϰٱ
ʢŭ֮£ѪߵһƵʣ
ʱظоѪܹϢ뵱߽ѪܹʱоϢһģһܷӦأϵ꣬Ѫܹץȥ
һ˲䣬ǰһѪģɢŲֲ
֣
Ѫܹʲô
ץ˰
һ̾ȴǻһݣ۾һǳҫǳܴڣϻδȴԼղǴץģ

ǵ
ѪܹУѪܹڵУ
˵ƺ
ϿѪܹĿ⣬ƽնҵĵ֮Уȴֲټɻܲأûоҵ굽ҵĵУǲòΪ
˲òΪ
ϽѪܹСŽ֮󣬼Ц˵һҪͷģ
Ҫáһڿռ뷨һ
㣬
ùѪܹķˡתţֻˣûзӦȴ٣ܹѹҵھŲóϲʧ޿ռ䣬ɲѪܹܹģҲͣһֱһ̣Ὣģ
ȡˡѪܹڴˡٵҩݣһԵϲãÿһϸĥһơٵÿһڣҩȵȡ
֮󣬳ǿʯͷʯͷֵˣʹһץϱ㽫ʯͷץ˺ʯͷ죬ҲûпʲôãʯͷŽ󣬳ȫתռѭεľ
ͷűûһǿʱҪűٳʱڴԪУƴɱҲܸΪ˳һЩ
һԽŵս۾ɵûԲ߶ϴôණûвſõ⣿
ţϸ·ٶȣûϰ֣·֮УţΣ֪ʲôʽڵͬʱŴԪ
ֻǣôã֮١ǿڣҲûгֹ


1584 Ѩ
ż˺ƴԪգ鿴һ·֮⣬ϻ϶ڴԪжȹģеǿ񱩲ѣСռ䣬Ȼڡ
ֻڵڴԪյĿӣ
Сռ谭áռѭΡӲײ
֮ΪϽ·Ҳ˴
սѾɫȻڴԪгʱ䱼У˭ģսоѹţųϵĽŲûз
սǵԼػǵԼţ
ҲŴˣսһ˵õĴʵһӣ⵹һ֮ϲ
µʱ󣬳뿪˴Ԫգݾ·ߣѾԶˣҲһ죬ѾѪĳϣݳ
²˳٣֡
ȱһأ
һ䣬ȴûзϣűһУֻȺ˳ˣóǿˮӣתڣҺ
ҪǣʱŹűǽҪɾûˡ
һˡ
ô¶
Եظоʧǰ𲻹µʧȻȹ֮١ȷʵһμǿʧĸоʧܵĸоȫһ
ˮӣˮӣˮ
۾һˣ뵽ˣ϶ˮǵĻˮҲˮˮӻǱˮ˰ɣ
һ뵽⣬Ͼȷ֮⣬޿ܣ
ˮҪˮӣӦǶˮ׼кôҪˮѣҪˮˣˮȴǹűűôȥңϣھǰ
˵ֿˣΪֻʣһűˡ
¿ɺãֻʣһѶ̽ˣһأתתǾǿʩչаռѭεľҲͬСɡ
˲֮󣬳Ͼٵת˵תҪҪö࣬رǾꡢںһ𣬳ţȻںˣǾǿӦҲꡢõǿɣ
ʮӺ
һοˣѾǣȥˣǳȴоǿлɾĻͻɢ
Ǻã
ת˲֮䣬Ͼ⣬ֲȱҪǹűȷʵЩ˷ѣˣͽ仯ѨϰɣҲҪٵġ
ѨϣȻҲǳѨϣ
ϼоüʱȷ˵ھʮһǳѨϵλã
أ
ûָûϿɲ飬ϱ㰴Լ뷨ʧܣҲǻѣ֪ϰѹű飬϶˵ǰܼӣҪ˻ĹĻֻ³ϾСƣĹҲͳƴ
ǣľתˮϵһֻǳϽмˣڶһ濿ڶǿӹɣ
ʱ֮ҲǣѨҲΣܲسΪһǳѨϣҪѨܲڳѪ
Ѩϣ
ϵͺȣһâʧµģֻһѨϣǰʮǳѨЩͬ˼ĸо
ˡ
ϸϲ֮ݣֿнٶǳѨҪҪȥôűر֮󣬵˵űܱٳѨˡ⣬еڿռ䣬ҪٳҪķУ
Ӽת֮󣬳˲󼺣ר
󣬳սٴγ
ͬʱˮ߳ϣѭϢǱܸ󣬱ѹģʮһֶſվˮ߳ǰ߳ҲֻգȻЩһƴ֮ǣ϶ˣ½ˣɲһ¶
֮£ֻ߳תȥ𴦴ߵʱ򣬶ͻȻһ߳ɻȴ׼˷ǰȥ
ڳԶʱȫָˣӦһ£ûиӦһκԶľ룡
̧ͷһ죬죬̫ˣ죬ͱնɱˣȻᣬǾͽӸϳȥɡ
󣬽Ҳķȥˡ
Ǭ޵Ǵż֮УһȺΧȪ֮УȪϿգһʯͷĶֻʯͷڼ仯ţ˶״
ƵƽƸС
ָıУ
̲סˣȥոԾղףͱӣһ£Ҷף˭ҪȥͷǾĽ
ʱһӰַȥϷҪˣ˭˭
澳
ȺУ˾ͽ۾


1585 ͻһ
澳ǿߣΪһߣԼϢȫɢ˳½ϵǣıסˣǴӸѶǣǲ֪˾ʲô磬ǱǸߵȽ׵ĴڣһǼģѾˡ
˾ͽһ۾˳ʵΪϤȻΪϿƵЩԭ˾ͽţ棬ɲһ
Ȼ֣ҪץסóɶʯͷʱһȴθڲãʯͷˣԣøϷɣ
ɢŻĹײﱩŭȴûȥֵһǽһУʯͷˣﻹ˵ƽ̵̲£Ͳˡ
ƽŭ͵һ¾ѪȪϿգˣֻ֣ͬʱץʯͷƽһʽԭվȪԣʯͷǣɿѭ
ֻǣ󲿷ڸתʱͱ˸飬ӳ죬ȴҲˣǲٻصȪȥȴʯͷϾСҪ
ǣЩѪڸ£һʻȻɫҲϲ԰ףɺƽ⣬ˣ˾ͽ䱬֮ʱú«Ⱦƣ«ɢιâֵס˻ܣһ
ĺ«˾ͽٸнȭͷ磬Ҳʧģһøǿģʯͷͽұǿĵһ
˾ͽûľƣȥ«ǰǬתǰתһתһתתһ˫ӽȪϿʯͷͬ׽Ķĵȴͻ׼˳һ
ͬʱ˾ͽҲ⣬ǹɻ֮ǿǿ󣬿ǣȪȴһˮ鶼ûɢңôš
빭ƽڽ˭Ҳ֣˼ȥҲãһһ澳ǿߣǱͶˣƽ˵һһ֣ȴһ˵
ã
ʹӦ켴һֳڵʱȴû֣ǹǴɱУײԷ͵ܣʯͷƽλײʯͷ˷Ӧ
ƽ˵㲻ã
㲻Ҳû֣
һЦٷϻʹԼֶΣǲҪĹʯͷȻҲǵĹΧŹԽԽͣʯͷ仯ԽԽ󣬷˹â̺һ
¶Ⱥøߣ
ߵԲ빭ƽʵҲоʹĵز˻û֣ʱ򣬶һϢ˵ͻõǿʯͷ
ϧǶô֣ھϢ֮Ҳܲ¶ȣ¶ֱӴ͸ǵڣǵѪ⣬꣡
Ǻһ֣˿ȥ
һ̣
ͻɽ˾ͽһӴ˿Уֱץʯͷ˾ͽȻǿʯͷǣҪһѣһѵĵں«

빭ƽ״ŭѣô̱һСӰһСӽӽʯͷȻʯͷ¶ȣҲܲˣһأ
ˣǴɱУ˾ͽȥ

ǿѵ
ιâǰ«ס˾ͽȻ˾ͽûǳеĳֻһʱľޱȣôҲ̧
ۿҪʯͷɹ˾ͽޱȣֻһΣˣ׷ɱӵк«Ҳӵˡ
ǣ˫ֲܶ
ܶģ˫ţ졭
ʯͷģҲ죡
ԥأ˾ͽһʯͷҧȥ빭ƽŭ߹߳ЦǶܲˣ㻹ֱ̣Ѱ·
˾ͽʯͷһо̵̣һ֣
ʱؿȾ˾ͽѪĺ«ͻؼĪΧסʯͷΣʱ⣬ǣ˾ͽǱ̵ʹޱȡ
һ֮£Ȫ
˾ͽ죬ȪȥȪʯͷ˾ͽڵԭȴֱð˾ͽ档
빭ƽ⻭棬ʶǿʯͷ汻һСӸȥŭѱϷ³³У಻Ϻȥк«໤˾ͽѪˣҲѪˣѪʯͷ
ʯͷʼڻˣһɢ˾ͽÿһ缡
ʱЩȪ֮ˮ˾ͽס£˴ţҪ׷ɱȥȪʧӰˣ⴦żҲʼҡضɽҡ˶ļµĻܣĴŰѣֻðһżǲû߿ƬżȻڵ˾ͽ
˾ͽˣ
һߣվɽۣԶһ˵ǵ


1586 ջֵ
ڸɽۣ֮ɽ֮ߣ߲ʣǳΪ飬½֮Уһֲ֮ƥеƣźƵ֮
ǰת˲ϵУ˼߽뷢ԼϵУһ֪ء
⣬Ǻ£Ҳǻ¡
ͬʱԳ˵һµƽ̨һµأƬе޴ӵ֪᲻ǰʶĸɡһرǳϵĵǣȭͷҲҪһĻ
ϣǶļһһ֮ȥᶨ̨
ɽ£òᣬǸֵһŮŮΣﻹĳţ˵ôãϴôûϴ᲻·ˣ
廨˶ûмͽϴˣеô
Ȥ˵廨ͷһЦݣ˵ŲţҰһջ
ԣһһվİŴӴʦĹڳϵһϢǿҲɾ̾Ǹгϵˣһ漣
Դӵ֪ҪһʦֵܽǣصɽӭһأܲܽӵǸѾ׹ˡ
ʱŵҰӰʱĿأûиܵһǿϢȥɽũͨˣſ϶Уһǳϣˣߵ
ѵѾ˷ӹľ磿
ʱ廨Ҳ˳ˣ廨Ӱһ˳ǰЦϴ磿
һЦǣ
廨ר˾ջҽ
Ļû˵꣬ͷ˳ȥʢһջջģ³һ֣
һĻϲɿĵЦˣǵ֮Уûпһ˿˿٣ĶҲ棬ų֣˵ţӭ
ϣ
ս񣡡
˵ͷɽ۹ȥ廨Ҫʱȿʵҵǻðɡ
ãʱ򡭡

һգһӸоΧ¶ȼ罵ͣﶼ֮У廨Цݶסˣľÿµ⡭
廨ﲻȥæصϴ磬үĸû¶һ˶ûܡ
һҲоůĻع飬ʵļ䣬ǻã
ʦø֮ͻƣ澳䡭
ôˣ
ȫ٣
һ⣬ٶȣȳĸΰ׳ɳѾû˼ȥͣȥп
һʱ䣬˵ǰȷʵȻŰŵ˵˻ȥ䣬е˿սİˣڲ²ǵ֣ͻ˺廨ĸԸŵģϣޡ
˵˵ϣͶһջ켴廨˹һġջ
һ䣬ϹȻ˾ջÿһ䶼һ˹ЦеĻ˵һȻһ䡭
ǿϵ۾Ǽž壬ʱһЩĽĽȴǣгϵˣ϶ᱻ廨Ͼջ
ЩУȴǽЩĿ۵ף԰۾ƭ˵ģƭֳܹһ˿ǳĳϣת䣬㵽˾ķĿеľоһϤϢۺϣˣ̫ˣĸǶû¡
˵ȥһѱסļ˵ֵܣȻҲֵܡָˣðβŻع
˼£˵ҪʲôҪʲôҶȥѰ
Цʵұʹٵģԣֵܣ㲻صģһԡģǽ򣬸н֮⣡
ȥҼн֮һ
һ㶡
˵ˡ
ϸ˵꣬ļ˽˵ļлл㡣
лңҪȻһ֪Ҫò֮ءļЦתƻ˵ϣȥһˡ
䣬㡣
á
ļųȥˣ廨ＸȴǶž˵ղŵĸо


1587 㲻ã
УһЩͨİ裬绨ƿľΣëʡ
Щ˵ĸоǾԶܹŵʱĳϢ
ǣһȥ֮ԺʣһŽ𷢵ߣӣأһ̶ɽǧ겻Ƶˮ
վˣ
ˡ
һһϤ˼Ƶģȴ֪ǻصĺ塣
ã
߹ȥϥ˽ߵǰͷϣ˵һΣֻҪץȥУԸ𣿡
˵꣬߿ϵ۾ͷЩ߲ʵʶͷ
ϵ˵ͷ
һĨȣӽߵ۾߻æʵ֪Щͷ𣿡
£ųϾˣ˵׼ʵЩͷ
Ҳ֪
֪
ʶ
Ҽܶ࣬һؾ

߻Уޱȣ˼һ˵ǰùͷģĹǣϧڲ㼫֮سһǿʱˡ
д󾪣ȴάֱƽ
ЩͷҲֻ֪֪һ㣬ùͷʱر󣬵ǣü׼߶ųϣȴЩΪѡ
Ը𣿡
ǵǣֻǡ
˵סˣת˵ҲСĽͷˣɱҡ

Ҿƣһԡ
߸оŹˣϼ񣬿ͷһץͷңͷûȥľûص߻һ𣬾󺣣ͷ
һӣܿȥǶĺ飬ߺ񣬰ʱ֮ԺﻹһƬհף˵ҪһѪڹͷϡ
ʵڲ㣬ϲԣţԼ߳ģģ˾Ҳˡ
սѪϣԺͳһ棺һ˳ֽĻˣֻüͦεıӰ
жҪƿĻӿʱˣѪһͷ˲˻ҷ˶ȥͷҲڵһʱ䣬˳ϵǽŰǣһǼǡ

æ߷Ѿɻҷĵ۾ǾΪʵһȻܴˣΪ㲻ã
ͬʱɻ󣬵Ļ𣿡
û¶
ϥϲ˼˵ҡͷ
Ե˵֮ϡ
ЩͷԼģѹ𾪣˵϶кܶʰɣ
ǵġ
ʣ˵ģҶ˵ġ
һʱȴ֪Ӻ˻˵½кܶ౦ܶŹ֣ӣΪʲô
һս½
úǡ½ǡ½ǿʼأ֮ǰսַЩطսĶЩʲôˣ
أֱ㶵ؿŵ¶α飬˵׵ġ
ʲôס
Ϻ޹
֪Ͳ˵
½ǰͳһ½أ
ĳˣĳ棬Ȼ󣬱ˡ룬ּһ䣬Ӧûдڣ˭Ҳ֪
֮Ĵڣô¶
ػ
ػնֵеģΪ档
½ϵıôûȥѰң
һЦ֪ûȥѰҹЩԵߵ֮
ô¶
ЩϹҲǵġ

˲⣬Ȼ˵òҲõõϢҲֻ֪һӡ
˵
кܶˡ
ĵˣĵˣļң
ң
˼һֵЩˣǿ󣡡
ǿ󣡡
á
Ӧƾļ໤ϾͲܾܾӦЦݲޱȣ˵ܵõԴܹá
棿
Ȼġ
һתʵҪʲô
֮󣬴μȣ
С
ʹش𣬵ʯͷ䶨ʱʵ˵ܹıʱ𣿡
ıʱ䣿
˼һȡһƣȻǺɫƣ֮ʱ˵ӦܸһЩʾ
ƣʲôϵǳ


1588 ƣٽ
ɫƣϵĴŰ˿飬ǰһ飬Ǿſˣǣռô飬һ㶼׺ɫʲôģ
Ҳóɫƣ뵽֣Ӧû˽⣬ƿɫƵɴԣϺǼŵĻش
˳һۣ˵ƣ֮Ϊֹһ飬е飬ŰǰŵõŰоҷƵͼ̺ʱ֮أÿν͸Уʧ֮Уƾһƣоıʱ֮Ӧû֮ϡ
ƣһжٿ飿
˵ʮſ飬Ҳ˵ʮ飬˵ž֮ʮһ飬˵̳
Ӻζ
֪
ζʲô
ǱأǸߵĴڣһƽ١
ЩʧϽɫƻ˵ƣˣ֮ء
л
˵֮Ĭ֪ø࣬ԻԽ࣬˳ȥһ·˼ţӰأʱһӰصնľʲô
Ȼܹоʱ֮󣬿ɳȴûȥо֮Ҫơٵ廨ȥҩһ鿴˲١ٵҩݣܹȼҩݣûС
ѰһҪ˼רľңʱȶͣеĶĴĹ롭
ֻһһ⣬׼
£ҲûԺȴѾǧ飬ɳΣÿһϸڣÿһ裬ڡ
Ȼ󣬳Ͽʼ˾ʱ۳¯໤켴¶ȣݲԪݣһȫţǽȡ˺ʵȻݣӳձ˺ɡ
ͬʱˣ廨̽ųϵϢ²ųʲôˣԽԽڽ֮ǰһˣ
ʱ䣬Ҵҹ
ǷҩݣϾͻһµʱ䣬֮ںϣںһҪף̫ңҲ̫ᣬ֮һҪʶȣ
ʮ죬ٵȻҲҪã
֮󣬳ֳһ˿ǳҪ¯Ҳڽٵʱ֮еͻȻ¯Ҳѷ죬ŵҩҲ˵ٵļ
֮ǰһУڳϵĿ֮Уͻ״óЩǣΪٵζҩӳձ˺Σȫ˵ģҪһɹ֪ʲôʱܼˡ

˲ָ侲ſȫëףҵȫ㽫춯һʱ֪˾Ժ֮У䣡
˵֮⣬ļ廨ǣأۼԽԽ࣬е˶Ժ֮Уʱ춯ѾǾ֮У棬Ǳҳ̶ȣÿһӶڳɱӡ
Ͼʲô󣡡
˵ʣһͷҷûбɽ𷢣ȴ˳֣󣬾ȫ
ǣ
ˣѣж
ȻԳˣ͸ҷ͸֮еıȴԽԽͣüͷĳٵ£򣿡
ҪǣϴЩУо˿ռϢ
ûƿĻûԪգĿռɻţȴظоǱҪεųٵ汩ںһҩҪ뿪ȥ
飡
¯ըˣȴĿһϬԥֽųٵץס¯ƳٵԽȥܵԽƺεҪٵƻ
˭赲ٵ
ţ͵طһ֮١ǿʣһƣٵÿζˮ齻ʱĻҪ١
Դˣϸûʱȥϸ룬Ϊʲôʱڷֵһ˲䣬Ͼ¶˾ģһǿʣֳݡ
ͽŵ
Ҫѹεĳٵı
ȻЧ뵤ҩɲǣҩΣͨ͸ɢʢϢϲɾʱһһ
Ż棬Ÿ̬ʣɢŨŨĻϢܵĿҵ£ը
һɫ𣬺ȵ٣


1589 Ҫ𵤣
٣
һȣ˶ˣڵ٣ǲİӼ濴ӱԵ٣󲿷ֵ˻ǵһΣ
䣡
Ժһը죬󲿷ֶƷڵأֻʣļš廨վڵ󣬵ɫӳأȵռ󣬾ۻ⣬ֵ٣
ͬʱˣо󣬽ǻһˡ١֮ƴٶȸ·ڴԪԾһȴ磬һʮ
˷󣬹ֵ⣬ɽֵһ˲䣬ѣһȦʥ⣬ס֮У̡
״ԾգһץץһѸͷͷһ֣ХûκγɣʩչһУӿʱġ
һ䣡
ͷն£һϿȣبڿգϿȣռγɣֵĲǴԪգдԪϵĻҲſһڣҪǹɡ
Ȼ򣬵ֻɵ֮ʱһը쾪𣬹ʱСٱǣȴޱȣⱻƣͷ𣬵ҵء
ļҲĹȴûпţ㱻һѪɿ
͵䵽ϵϣƴɱֵסѹĳϣȭȭ
˹Ϣ㱩ѿ
ȭйꡱĹ׹ȥʱеŵҩ䡱رһš
ֻоĴʹǿѪ֣֮鲼ĿĵѪ⣬ɳûɿ֣Χϣͬʱʮšġ
ˮɺڶͬʱʽײ
ֶΣҲֻһϢƣ٣ƵˮҲ𣬹䣬ӿʹʱеĵҩֱһţ
һŵҩıըóָȫ˹ָҹͷϻѷŵҩֻʣţϾʧСָԼϣ˺һĿӣ¶Ƭ߹ǣΧռ䱬ŵҩ߹Ƿ䡣
һҧѪ٣Ҫ𵤣ңĽѣҶο٣
ײ
ȫѪޱȣȴſѪڣ˫źڶȫë׶תẒ́㣬ǣ
ںδͱǧٿףʲôʲôԪҺʵ廯ȵȣݿˣɺôϻһ뵤
һתǿʱһƣһСϾϲԥ˳ȻãһŹ
ɣٹ
ػʮ֮󣬹ɢˣһ϶â֮󣬳һͷԵڵأԹȥǴѪĴǣһĨ΢Ц
һ٣ΰޱȵһ룬ɵȴ˿ܲˣһӿң˽ȥɫأţϿ϶£ûоҲһĻأ
ļˣ۾Ҳн֮ɫһ˵ϴ絽ʲôôĵ٣֪ôˡ
׶༪ˣǹĶ֡
ҧջȥ
Ѫ廨һջɫӲ԰ˣˣףΪ֮ĳϴ磬׶༪ˣôù⣬ù
򸾡ҲϵˣҲ˵ٲΪýԶûԿ٣˲̫أǸңԥͳ˽ȥ
һߣŵĽɫͻطԼٶȱˣҵʵƵûԭˣһϢٹƬ֮ʣҵǶҲӲҵġ
ͬһ˲䣬ѾһӰɽ£һ͵Уʱ˿̣Ҳûȥİˡ
ѭŻδȫƽϢıϢ˵ǾҵԺ֮Уļ˿֧ԼվΧסʵʲôˣôΪ
һЦûʲô԰æģûж⣡
лл㣬æ뿪£
ô˵ղײգ˵ҲǺġ
˵ţֳӰһѪܵӣЦһסˣɣҲ


1590 һ˿嶯


ǱļΧסǸУΨһĸо
ˣС
˵ϻѪ죬Ҳ˺ۣ˫Ҳǽһ𣬵лڵһʱ˳벻ףΪʲôҲ벻Ϊʲôˣ
ڿϵһ˲䣬о뵽֮ǰ󣬡ģ
꣬оһɳ嶯һɻ˴еĳ嶯ɳ嶯ӿоͿһ˫Ŀ⣬ҪնǧΣ
˫Ŀ⣬ڵ
Уȵ뿪ߣﵹ£
һļǽתֻҪ¶һ㲻Ծ쳣״ͻƻȥ廨ﻹЦţֻУһջ
Χ˵ĻвûзĿڵϣǷڳϵϣкܴвȻ򲻹ȴвֶܣֶõ֣ɵֻǳˣϺпܾѵĸԴ
ѹеĳ嶯ЦЦ˵ˣҴ⣬ֻѰһ鶫
ǲ뿪ˡ
ܲͷ֪ȴﵷңˣ˵仰󣬵ȡ֮ǰնٺһֵٵĸͷʼӿۡ
۾һУ˼תǸ˶ҪҪٰάЩˣʲôϵͻأ뵽һص⣬ʲôô󣬶кôŨĻϢеĿϳǼ侲ҿȥ
Ȼһ룬лǿ˴֣ǰֵɲǣԺоͽֲȫȻһ֣
ʲô
Ĵԥ֮䣬ĸͷնµƣҪж֮ʱͻɫ䣬ȵãƻ⣡
Ȼڵֵʱƻһ֣ʧ˲ܣǣŲãܹѹߵĲʵڸϳױƻˣ߾ٲܵʲôƣ
ҪҲʧûгʱȥǣųϲ׾һԸκ˿пߣϧһдնɱ
ʧ
ļ˵ϽڳǰӡǣҲһߣʧȥ˽ľ䣬ǱҲֱֱͦ
м״ѹȥĳ嶯ָϾǰαϺݺݵ⣬лǷǳ⣬лᣬҪġ
ʱ˿̣òƾһᡣ
ֻǣԥ׵ľ뿪ǲǻֶΣ⣬лٵ˭һЩתЩǽĹĹӣҪĶ
ȻڼҵؽսǣеĲȴ߽ļȵǰһɱ⣡
ƾǣɱҡ
Ц˵̤һļȣ֣
ŴﶬϢն£ӰһΧ˸ţ棻Ҳͬʱ֣вȥ廨оջȥʮָдߣһĻʢΧԱҲ䣬ӳһλʣµһЩ
вΪ⣬˵ǵĹϵǺɣֵȥƴ
ϴˣ۸ˣԣ廨˵˸ͣҡҡͷ뿴ϡ
гˣ
һߣϵɢĸһ˲٣һնȥ˻һȭ˫ֱ𣬲˷ٴն£ʣɫΪԣ
ԣҲ̫ԼˣƾһССʸ𣿡
أ
ΪһСС彻񣿡һЦѾ˿˿ҪƶϴҾͽСӸնɱˣȡҵĶǧȭ
һ䣡
һΣӲˣҸоڸⶫȥնɱɽۿһۣȵȭ
ɫ΢䣬²˽˻СӣӦþǳϣ벻ôǵģĸͷȴǳޱȵնȥ
֪ССҲӭݣҳ֣е𣿡˵ţһֻȭͷҲһ


1591 ݻʲôǽ
ŵĻ˵ȷʵǣǰŴˣһ¡
һ˲䣬Žɫֻȭͷ¡ƿգϿȣȭͷײڸͷϣһͨͷ˲䴫
ð̣Ѫɽ̿Ҳڲ
ˣ͸ԼԼǧľ飬Ȼһʱ֮䱻˿ӣ˵̬ȺͼʽԼ岻ûκ壬϶Źġ
һ֣ûͣ£ɫ磬ֱ֣ͬʱ⣬ǵ񣬶಻ϵҲǹ˴ʧˡ
ԽԽ˵ʵԽԽǿܵҲԽԽ࣬ʵǵΪϵֵ٣ʹȫĻơ
ϧûֻʵ
ЦɣҸָһ·СϵҲҪֽСɱˣҾͷŹҾ
˵ʲôϷ򲻶
Ҿʹ㶮˵Ʋˣ籩Ϯϣȭͷֹﻹ˵ţΪΪһСС巭˷裬ΪԣİɣһˣƽֶΪأ
Ļ󲿷棬۾һĨݹ⣬صΪܴ廹ģ
仰˽˵ʹ
ɫһͣЦ˵ò廹ҵģǣõɫףҵģΪ֮Զˣԣ㡭
䣡
˼ȥȻʣµĻ⣬һԶȫˣľȥҲᱻ˸ƵȻҪƵǾûⷢӳô
ܹı½죬֪ǶôǿʢԣǱƵһЩʣµһ֣ҲǿֲЮ֮ײˣ⧲֮£˱УѪ˶ȥ
˵¶ŵɫ㾹Ȼңڵģô򵥣ǽĸŭף
ûȥķӦ֮ٶȣɽ۳ȥ
ɽʱ֮⣬Ժ֮Уֱӳ汦ļĴﶬǰţըĻըȴǽӡǸ
ˣļûˣ˶ûˣڳϵǰпһۣ˵治֪ЩôģΪһϸˣڽҲ˵ˣǽˣΣѵܵסҲɣ۵ˣ
ЦУٴγ֣һԵĹӳļվ𽣣ͱһߣŹȥ˵ǾͲҪνˣ˵Ҳɱģֻ뿴
˵ˣߣɱ⣡һѪȻȴһȣţŽţΧѸٱСӰڰﴩ
䡭
ըϣѪ⣬ȽűѣŵӰɳȥڵϣ廨ֳȥҲǰͺ̣ڳֻҪһģûз
һֱڳǰ
״Ѫӣ䣬Ŀڳϣӿһѵľ
顭
һ˱߷ɳȥȥļǻ뵲ȴ㣬ѵȥпž䣬˵ô˶סһܵס
ȫϸھκ֮УסУÿԣѹեԼǱܣƴоͻ봴Ľľ£䲻ѿʵʲôǽ
һ㶣ȡһ˵ǽ
ҡҡͷⲻǽ
𣿡
Цݲ䣬ôЦŽĲӣ˵ڻǽ𣿡
ǣ
ʲôǽ
ʲôǽ
ЩãˣѩȻ״ʵĲ࣬ȥб뽫˴򵹣ɻһ۳ϣ΢ûг֣ȴǽ򸾸⣬ǽ
ۣ
̽˾Ĳӣͫ͵һ켴˽ǽϿԼ۾ĽѪеĽĽ
һֹϢоףתЦ벻ͷ㻹һֻϧĶٲüȥˡ
Ҫ£һȣһ䣡


1592 
мԺܺãһ󺰵˲䣬˭ģɾأ˽תڰУоͺȵ
ûȥһԴм״ЩȻû뵽ĵҲУʩչһ䡱ӣթģأƫƫ˵
ҲûţĿأ׽ŵӰžӰǱѵĽ˵ǽ
ǽ
ǽ
ûȥ˵׼һʱһȣٴδԶӲ˵ģӰδȴһɫն¡
˲䣬뵽Ҫ£Ӱٲһкǧ뿪Ȧӣʱ䵽˸ղվλϣ˾״̬ЩϧҪǻһضܱ֤һζ򣬿ڡ
ûмϧȥˣ뿪ϺļΪʦ֣һҪôҵİΣ
ļ
ļ֧Ƶվով𣬽˾ͳԺУЦ뿪ûҵ˭뿪˭̧Ű벽
˵꣬Ŀ⣬˳ϣҾ˵ڸôΪˣû뵽ȴҪˣҲ
һԾ𣬺ȵһ䣡
أɲģʵʵڵģƴ³˾Ѫͷ˲ɡǧɣ֮ǰϿȣҪҲһѷ죬Ԫеӿڸͷ֮ϣ
Ծͬʱֺȣߣס
ļһۣеʪؽߣ
˵߲˵ģ
ûӲƴ磬ϣˣҲһ磬ϣն磬ٶޱȣһռ䶼ͷ֣˸ͷ磬ںδᱻһ
ûǶҵʵ㣬治򣬳
һץ֣һռͷɫ翪ʼһƬռĿȨռ䶼ļǾǾκеһֻֻСһᱻͷ˵һ
ļˣѪˡ
뻤ųϣȴɵһߣ
ǵסϮĽɫȴѪ飬ѪǽҲǽ

״˲Ⱦҳ̶ȣҲˣѩȻڻԶӺϣҪǸҵˣͲҪٻˣֵΪսΪƴŮΪѪۣվңʲôʸԣ
壬϶
ûӼ˵ȥԶԳ˵ӣٲѹͱֵˣǵҲ
˵һ仰ʹޱȣޱȵسأǣ֮ȻĿӶջſǴһµ˵ǲҪҶӵ
ӣ
˵˳һۣЦӲôӵеݣֻϧݴ˵ط˵ûҾҪ
ǺãֻҪƽ뿪ҰѶӽ㣡
Ҫ
ĺԸҵ
ļ˵ǵļңˣǳϾǵļˣԸһѪҲԼļˣǼ˵Ͷ
˵òǽսף
ս
ս

ԶЦݲסϸ˵ǻʱҲǲһٿļǵķӦЦˣ˵е˼
һ䣬˵òټ˵彫ѩȻץýȻֻֽʣ¹ͷץһţҪҵӣҪҵĶӣһˣҽػǣ
ڳץסֵһ˲䣬ϵԺǸδһҪϽ
ǱߣѩȻһЦѩȻ˺۵ֶļ˵ǻˣ
Ŀ⿴ˣ˵ҳҵϱ

һһ˵Ե˵߰ɣȻһģǾһеɣ

ЦҴӦ˵˭߲ˣȻҪǣ˵ţ£ѩȻҪȥ
ȴǷ֣ɲӵ֣


1593 Ѫ֮Ϊ
۾˳ֿȥһֹֻͷ֣ӵһץסץôͬץסһ
һĻˣҲˣ˲֣ͣǣûдƬɢͬһ
Ļģеӣļÿһˡ
ȻУ
пǻ棬д󺧣֮ǰӿ˿嶯ʧӰ٣ȡ֮ǣ룬뿪Уǿ뷨ǴлҲУ˲룬ңˣҲ֮ˣеĳһֻĳһնǾ̫ˡ
ϣ֮ǰȷʵĻУǣ֣׵֣ץסʱǸڳԺʱϵ꣬һɼ¶Ҳζ
һǿҵĸоӿͷӿȫӿӿ꣬ӿҪǼȥػļˣͻ᲻ڣ
ǣϿʼҪ̶ڿХţҲҪԣҪػҵļˣҿػģҪѹѹ
ѡ
֣Ժĺصһʱϴ̶˳ʼӿȫǱܵģϽץס˵׵֣Ҫڵϵǣ
۾һһЦ˭£ûܷ
Ż£ɫ򸾣µǺ֣Ȼûн˵ԣողЩѵĳϷܹ֮ǵ˸о޾ʹ࣬ǷǳԸȥġ
ԣɫУǵʵǳϸֶΣҲֻһغѪա
ɾڽɫҪ֮ʱѪ˶ĳϣһվǰ棬ֻ֣ɫץУȻɽ塣
ԶĿһݡ
תų򸾣˵ˣ
ӣǺõģ
ϴ߹Ǽšٵݸûнӣȴ˵ϣһ˵ңػסңм𣿡
һ˲䣬ͽļǵĲ״ö˵϶֪Ϊʲôһָжӿȫÿһ䡭
һ˵ףҵ귢ģֻҪŵҩҾܰܣƨ
һ˵ŵԣ
ƴҲ
ӹҩһţȻ֪ⵤҩҪӾΪŵҩ״岻ˣһڽٵ̷ѩȻҲĿ⣬̷ȥʱ˾͸оһǿȴû˸о˿ʵϴȫÿһϸȴûаϲ֮飬һȻضųϣ˵ӣȷʵҪƴ

һ䣬仹ţŭǽǽ״̬ףûжԣǰ̤һ令ϣֱֱ
ĿĴɨȥеĿϽһʱвɻһ鲻Խ뷨ǸܲĽնɱ
һɨļǣһ˵˺һëض̤ҵʬȥģ
ļ˵ϣߣˣĶ֣ߣҪǣǿ֮ΪǱУ
ˣ
˵仰˼һ¶ţĿ⿴˵ӣ۾ﾡ飬ЦˣһЦתǣһһ֮󣬳ڿ
ʱ鲻٣Ŀƽ絶ΪȻ˵֪Ǹ֪ζʲô
ϳĬ
˵ζҵʵκƣ
أ
ʵǣ㣬ȴˣ״֮£ҵĶ𣿹Թ԰Ҹһȫʬ
˵ʲôأ

ϵ⸱̬ȼŭ˵ƫ⣡һץ£ɫļǶȥ
˲ֳʮֵסɫͬʱһת˫ֽһɫץ˻
һߣ֮֮ףҪץץ
ʱ󣬽ɫ಻ϡ
Լʵ뽫һһץأе㲻ܣһԾգȵѪ֮Ϊڶ̣


1594 ƴɱб
ųϵڿתԵΪ㣬ڶڿգûлļ١̣ڳϺǾ仰һ˲䣬ƴĳϣͽеȫת˺ڶһ֣
ڶһ֣磬ϻǵ£ǰңƿնںڶ棬ٽ뵽ϵڣ
һȷʵЧļǻûܵʲô˺ɳϸĴۣЩûбƬǵѪ⣬εرѣЩûںϽعͷĹͷһηˡꡱ죡
ʹѾоˣֻ֪Щ̡ŵĽɫȫɵԼĵղΪƴΪѪֵѾͻΣա
⣬ģ
пڶͫ͵ӿ˲Ӳ˽һۺֶסԼĽŲ
ȾѪ𣬡ļǿ˻ȥң
ҲУ
кܲˬ˳ˣҪӲ¶ģնɱ֮ǰһҪúõȻԷйеŭͬʱҲҪ裬̼ϣҪüĴĵֻۣŪøһ㣬Ȼ䱸š
ҿѾ˲зϵӣֶܼã
˻һҲʲôеĽɫȴܼһҲһʱ򣬵ĸͷͻӿȥûжķӦ֮ǰ۵ͷ˳ըУһɨأļǣȫһ𣬶󣬵վǵǰ棬˫
ƴĹûиʲô˺󲿷ֵܶˣʣµһС֣ȴϵĽ¸ˡ
ղŵײҲϴ˲СӰ죬Щй¶ҲڶЦһһӴŽɫܣ˵Сӣҵһ½һʹ࣡
ϿȥֻϵĽ£ǰأǻָȿ״̬֪ǲĽ£Ҫģ˾ûҪҪǰؽˣϾһɵ˵㲻˵һôһ¶Σ׼ʣµİؽҲ𣿡
Ҫͼŭң˵ֻø׳
˵һ֣һһ仰˵꣬ǽɫѾ׳÷·һһ㣬ϵĺڶʼҡҡ׹Ȼǳڵ״̬άֺڶȣԽԽˡ
ô㲻ŭ𣿡
ϳĬֻʩչֶΣһµľơ
ȭͷأǸʲô˵۾һ£˵ĵֻۣôأ
ʵҲֻۣǣĿǰڵάֲˣĵ֮Уǻһ˿˿ǿʣֻҪ
ȻȻأ뵽ˡ뵽ˡ뵽깥ﲻţ깥ûֻгԹһΣ˵ЧģǡġġһʩչټǿʣӦյЧɣ
˼תУ⣬ôһ⣬ǾǾԭ򣬡ġȷʵǿ󣬿ҪЩӵ˿вҪǿĿ⣬ҪŨľ֧֣
ϻŹâĽ£ƴˣͼˣǰؽ±ٳתþ¥
ϼġԷֵԽԽǿĽɫܵѹͬʱʩչˡע⵽˳ϵ춯µؿţӴܣʲô
ԶУ˵ĵֻۣ΢һ£ȴû뵽ʲôеľƣý˿ǿ԰
˳ʵʩһ¶ĵı飬üͷʱ͵ؿгһ쳣ϤĶǰؽ¡
뷨ǳڳеĽ£ͻʧˣڽ˳õѪ֮УǱʶУ˲õĸоȵʲôѽ¸ҽ
ÿ𣿡
ϷʣڱڣΪƷ̫߼ԭ൱˿ĸоٶȥȽȫڣĺڶͻˡ
һʱ֮䣬ûиõطֻƴؼڣͬʱŭɫͻ۳ֻɫ֣ϵĺڶʧȥ
ϸоںڶܣʮرţͲȵĺڶתٶһ˿ѷ죬Ͻƣڶƣ
鼱֮£Ͻͬڶתġڶײ


1595 ǿŹ
һԪҺȵγɵĺڶһմȾꡢԺڶʽתŵġſԷֳ顢ʵ࣬ΪʵΪ飬һʵһ飬ǵʩչûںһ
ˣںһ𣬳Ҳ֪ᷢʲô״
һ˵˿þƣԽھĳϣȫûʶһʵһĺڶ˴֮ںϣֵֻס˵Ľֻ뾡رٳתȥʩչļƻ
ڶ롰ںԽԽ롣
ɳȴоѹԺڶѹʩչڽµѹȱԭٶԽԽԽԽԱڣ
ˣȴֽڳʧĸон͵ؼӾ磬ʲôֹͣϽѽ¸ҽȻҪ
ţ˺ڶֻ֣֮ʮӿ˵ǺڶתӦӻѺۣӦӿԽԽ󣬱ѷ죬ɹ֡
ǣʵġ
оԼӿҪ죬ʮʮʮ֪ΪʲôףһҪ˺ڶΣ
ˡ
һ΢𣬳Ϸ·˴ӷѿ·ˮˮ֮һˮ齻ڵĸо
ʱĺڶתɿ죬ѺۣҲ𣬺ڶһ׳˲٣ɢǿģΣյϢ
۵֣֮ѾʮɣڶǴ˲٣ָ֮ǵأСٵĺڶƺһ˲Ҫ˺ѣǱĸϡá
ȻֻǺڶͻһſڣȴһӽֻ֮̽˺ڶʱһƬ˸
ǿҵķԱȣһ˶ˣϾΣԼҪɱȥӾĵȻסˣ˫۾ؿſǸն
ļһˣŸգɭȻѵĺڶгͦӰ۾¶ģޱȵĳݣҡ
ȻؿǺڶѿǽǽ
ԶУһ͵ŴܹһڸɵһֻĿžأֲиǿˣأ˳ȥͻ뵽ʲôͣﻹվе㲻İ
켴Ŀᶨ˵ܹȹ˹أٸһЩĴۣǣܹ˽УֵõģֻϣҲҪ˶մȾ
ڷĽˣҪ˺ƺڶֺֻ֮ûˣһʱûзӦҲе㷢ɣ۾еעǰĺڶоźڶǿ
벻ںȻ˴˵ĸоڶһǰṳ֮̂ŵĹͻԾ˹һԣֹǱȹߵĴڡ
ţأأʵȹߵĴʲôĶ𣿻˵֮йأ
˼˼һ
ȴǻعŭ㵱Һܴ⣬֪ƵӣܹӵжܹҴ⣡
ϵߣ˵ˣԪҺϢѭɫͷţ͸֮ܡ
еһҲӦڶڽµ󣬺ڶǿǺ£Ҫǿ󵽳ӦʱǾͲá¡ݵģáѡֶΪ
֪ԵģϾͻʩչɱУô죬ȥý»УԻٴУǣ
ϸоҪץһʲôʱѾɱˣȭͷŭȭ
֣ΪйŹ֣ŭȭ׷ɱʱĵһȭ˵Сһȭڵľƣŭȭ䲻ƺڶ
ǣƫƫʩչˣɵ
Ȼܣ
Ϊʲô
˲뵽ЩȻ󿴵˸Źֵ飬ġŭȭܣûһ̬ڿУ
ʱĺ
ǧȭ
ǧȭ
ǧȭ
ȭ
ȭ



1596 ̵ڶͣ
ǽ֮ǰùȭһһʩչЩȭ̺ŵܣһȭһȭ󣬻ϢҲһȭһȭֲ
еȭһص㣬ǾûйϣͬȥˣȴͣڰУֲܿȴƽĸоƽҪƽжƽжΪʲôϡ
ǣףһǴɱУɱĻƾͻݽˣ
ؿЦݣЦ㲻ûйϵ㲻£ҲûйϵΪһУҶȡǲǸо֣ǲܽţҸ㣬Щȭͷû꣬滹ء
˵꣬һ죬ȣ֮ٻԪȭ
£ͻش˷ɢнɫģкɫģһŽȭͷЦҲԽԽʢ
һĻϤĸоڴԪУЩԪյŶӽĵġ
û˼ҲûȥƣҪǵ˾󲿷ֵܹһµģֻǡ
Ȼͣסˣи˾ϲ٣
߹ǴġٵѾˡٵšٵģڵֻӦӦˣԼٵֻҪҵ㹻ҩģǣңԣʲЩϹҲᣬдѴѵĻܹףܴӡ
ٵ̺ŶΪƳٵ˳˵Ҳǲ֪϶ԲС˵ҩռѳ̶ȣǰ˿˿ǿʣ١
¶˾ģ㲻ԥϽšٵ£ϸоһѪϸͷꡢȵɢȥ˾ԶƳĸо
Ͽ϶ָоɢȥ˿̣Ͼܵؽռڵάǿĺڶǰؽ¡
пֻԽԽǿȭͷųϣһУνӣ
ǡʱۣһȣԪȭ
һȭ֮ǰײһ𣬵ʱƽľƣͻȻˣЩܣ˲伱仯仯ʲô˿֪֪ľǻˣֲģ
䣡
һײںڶ֮ϣڶֹͣӱˣײϣǻûлȥʱײ˸ϡãһһ¶ǽڣѳɷĩ
Цţ׷˳ȥиϽϣˣһԱȽϰȫĵطţЦģҲô׾ģһûأһҪȵˣһǰ
ô˻зŭԸӵĵزղһһӴޱȣɢϢһȫӿ˺ڶҪͳȥ֮ӲƴǺڶͻͣת׼Ҳûó
ͺҪ÷ĵնӿʱȴ˰ѵʣӲӦ÷ӵãϻڼţԺ˼תղųڶģ񲻽ܣһúڶֹͣת
ϼٻղŵĳάֺڶѾڱ𣬾ǡҲڱݻ٣ųʹı飬ЦǲǷǳ⣬ǲǺһеΪʲô
ȳϻشͿЦϧҲ㣡˵ţһȭһȭ籩㣬ںڶϣڶƻء
ڴóѪ֮һ缱ʱ״˵֪һжôΪüܹʰ㣬˵ֻۣһͻȻϮûлչʾΣһúüʶһ£
ץŷֱɱ϶ȥϼ״˲ö룬ٶȾѭûˣδУнɫڳϣ˵ţ㻹ʲôˣΣͷˣôֻۣ
ʵЦһӴ̶ޱˣǲڿ˵ֻˣԽ䱸˰죬Ҳûпֻۣ˲²⣬ȻĻƾֻǿܣʩչˣûУ˵ʲôأ
״գնԤϣֳŷҲһն
Ҳ˲伲ǰѾͨĸͷȻն룬ǵţҲһѪڣˡ
Բ
һЦٴδϡ


1597 Ҫۡ
ҿֻۣ
ȳΨһĻᣬ㿪ˣҿʴһ㣬һһ·ȻǧֶΣʩϣɲô򵥣ԣҿ
һ˫۾Ѫ죬ûзŭؿХǽŭҲȥ鿴ڶ׳ʲô쳣ͬʱҪѪֻۣǰֻ۵ķʽ˿ҲҪֵֻһ£ֻûнеıѹڵֻϡ
ԣһʴȵģ
һεĶһΪȻӣʵϣ䱸ţٶȶһ㣬ǹܣʵ̫Ӵˣ֮ԻóϿֻۣеķеķһţӦܵ´󲿷ܣټϰؽ£ӦòΣգȻҪõ棡
Ǳ߽עսУ۾ǷΣ̫
Ͻģˣϧֻ۲ûп֪Ϊԭ򣬻Ƕʱڲʩչԭ򣬷ϵüģһûʲô仯
ֻûпûоɥһԤУֻȫƣܿϸûоɥʱ䡣
˲¶ģҪôֻȥҪôΪã
棬ǹܲûﲻһʧ켴˷ȵôֻۻ濪˰ҿǸᣬȻ㲻ҪǾ͹ֲˡ
˵⣬ѪɳٶȶȻɿ죬˲佫ϵľ룬ף룬ȫӳ÷ȥ
ǣûзſֽץסϣ
룬ף
ף
ʮף
ʮף
һ˲䣬ϾҪУ
ļȥȣǣʵУΨһп¶Էĵȴˣͬ㣬ͫôҪؼһĻ
ϵǿѾԽ汦𣬿ǣܹɢŹűܵĸͷһ룬ǿҲסЩĹͷ
û취ˣֻܼǿʣһ
ţȴ֣üģҲǵֻۣǷ׼ĵطҲǵֻۣһĻ͵ӿ޺
ﺰһѣҪ̣Ҿ͸̣
˵ǶģɳϻҪԼҪˣǵĽ֣֪ʱ׼ţһвԾͼǿʡ
ˣѾӣĿ꣬ȷʵǳϵĵֻۣҪ÷ڳ
ȥ
һ̣ر
ѩȻŵ֣˶ԷֹͣˣֹͣˣŴͣȴһ֣ɫ԰ף۾͸־
ɫޱȣ廨ļһȭգ۾һµɵֱֱ˵ǽʱ۾Ŀ⣬۳һѽֱ
ƽʱĿ˶Ỷѣɴ˿̣û᣻ԶҲǰѽֻһɨѽ̫Сˣ;Ȳ˳ϣ䵽Ŀʱ䶼ûС
Уľնˣ
ţһֲ֪ĸоָо֣
˵ʵϣеķѾ˳ϵüģ˿ûУܵҪȥȡ߳ϵֻʱﴫơ
ɪ¬絶
һ˵ζ
һУҪҪǣеķûд̵ýȥӣǱ˵ٶȣɱٶȣҪ죻ңѪѪֹ
һĻˣ
򸾿ϲļǻ裬Ҿ˵ûôģ
۾ɵֱֱڷɿĽ
ԴˣһӦ뿪뿪ǸԶԶģתʱ򣬶ﴫһҪ뿪ĺǣڲһҶҵ㣡
ȴ͵ͣסˣ뿪ת˸ŸӵĿ⣬ųϣ֮£Ϊ֪˵ó϶õҪѰԼʹȥˣúá
רעڷüʱǴӺڶﴫģ澪֣ţɡܡ


1598 ұ֤㾪ϲ
ǵļǣУǴһ÷ն˵ĸͷУⷨɾʲô̶ȣȴǲס
Ψһ֪ģ
еķǶôǿ󣬿Ϊף𺳲Ÿ󣬴鲻Խ֡־ĵزܡ֣Ժֱ죬ﻹţһߣûһǿö࣬Ҳûôǿҷĵزǿǡ
ûн͵뵽һؼԵ⣬ǿѹоǿֹסѪֹס˵Ĳӣһ˫Ŀ⾼ϣһ˵ϵĵֻۣ
ϣٵΪӲնɱˣȴǾնɱ߸Ѫĳϣޱȷ⡣
ʵǵʮֵıҾأȷʵ϶Ӯˣֻ⺷ؽҪڵĶ˵ĺ˳ȥǣǼڵֻϵܣȴɵֻ۳ܵģתƵ˳ϵϡ
ȻĻͳȥץס˾һȭߣŲɵɵվ˵ĽԽԽԶȻ˵вǸеĻ
ʹԸӵľʹ˺ѳӵÿһѪ⣬ͷٵϸѪ֮ѣϲûоǾΣѪôμȲһʹʮ֮һ
ǰٷ֮һ
ûһ𣬻ǿХ֮йʹ࣬һҪʹ࣬Ǵ̼ǻʹΪҲҪģӺڶﴫǸóϺ˻ʹô¶
ʵԵĲʹгһĵֻۣ
еϤ
ϱĿţ߶ڣٵȻƴ󣬵ڣв٣ԪҺšٵļ룬ø졣
úڶڣµײһֳʶٴλڳԺԤУֻҪʲôа취ڶͣͣúڶٴηתʡ
ԣϲʹӿײ
ž
ž
ž

ڳǵѪӡɡʡһεµһҲѪʱˣڴԪУСռѺƣ
㣬뵽һȭСԪȭƺЩˣ켴ϱ۾СĵؽڽڶУΪ֧ţ뾫̽
ʱɿع
ǱߣϾ򵥣תۼͨˣҧҲǿĵֻۣͬǿ
һ۾¶׹⣬ٴϳȥȻŷһǣ۾͵ٶԽԽ˵ȻΪ壬γٸСռ䣬Ƕ˺ڶٸؼ棬γһ󷨣úڶֹͣת
۾ˣܹʽ֮УǰһڵǸжţҲǽڽ֮Уһȶǿ򱶡
ΪʲôȭһУֱܳ仯һʱ֮䣬Ҳײˣ²ʲôطĿǰԳҪǣ׺ڶͣ͵ԭ򣬾͹ˡ
ٶԽԽ죬ǼʽҪٴɱ֣ϿɲһνǷϣ˵λǴڵֻۣҲǳܹܵ˵ģǹʹԽܳܵļޣ
ˣΣҪ֮ǰٵסڶĿռ󷨣ϲİǿռѹ֮£ǱܱнǧʱҵƳռĹؼ㡣
û˿飬ԷֳʮŵʼˡġԭΪڵľͬʱʮŸġѶȣȴûϵɵط˳
ĪǾЧˣԣղ̷ĳٵҩЧȫռʹáͷһϸ߶ȼеػŷģء
ϣһǧˣתۼɱϵĺˮ˵ĵֻܵһ֪ĵ࣬λҲܲܵסһ
ԣұ֤㾪ϲ
ϲϲŭػһ䣬һ㶣û׷׳ϵĴֹۣܲǣڻܷųݻ
ߣҵҪúÿܸʲôϲˣ
ķһâֱ̳ϵʱϵĻʮŸġȵ
ռˡ
ڶתˡ
űˡ


1599 Сϲ˳
ʮŸġɣը¡
סڶúڶֹͣתĿռֱӱ˺ϡãͬʱŷɱҪϵӣȴǱ˲תŵĺڶסˡ
һʱ䣬ЩɣԺͷڶôٴηأݲȥϸϸ˼֮£ӿ˸Ҫ÷֮ڶ
ʱڶˣ
ٴε͹˳ϵľûԤϵһĻ֮ǰڶչֳʵӦÿ΢ֵһ²ǣɳȴ˿ԥûУͽ䱬ˣ͸ŵĺݾʮݣ
ȷʵԼݣںϺĺڶȷʵ󣬿ͬģϸĴۣҲһСˣꡢȵȶˣ̶ȷƽʱʲôڳϱ˵ǰ£ʹóϲټһڶ൲
оļµϮһʱ÷ȴûסˣɱӿ׷ȴΪֻܼӿٶȣǰؽ¡
еķʵ̫ϬûܵΣֻ֮ǰܵˣֱˣȫɢȥͷɱܴĳϣҪҵķ
ɱа˰٣ȴһǧڵ㣬ʲôϲ𣿡
˫ﾡ׹⣬ҧгݵ˵ȴǵһЦȻУУСϲϲҪСϲأǴϲ˵Сϲһϣ
飬벻Ļȴ˿ԥҪоϲ˵Ҫˣ͵ؼӿٶȳթң㻹˵㣬֪оϲҪҵľϲǲǾԱأˣҪԱһˣǣϲҪԱұ֤ѵ³ٱҾŰٱ
ɱ֣ȴ˵ԱǾϲҪҪϲһЩʱ䣬ұ֤⣬ͲҸʱ䣬ҿҵľϲų򣡡
ų򣿡
ŪһʱزôҲû뵽˸˵ų򣬷ŭ֮£Ҫһ仰Ӧʱ䣬ɾʱȴ͵ظоԼǰؽ֮ϵԽԽԽԽ
ָоһӻعһЦٴοȥ˵ϧûãһѪ֤˭ųڣȥɣ
ϰ̾һϧղŵɫҪɹˣȴ͵תˣûм̾ϢȥȻĿ꣬ಿλһҲûİǹӴܣҪԼܵģڵӣܣ붪С˶Զ
ԣϼӿٶڽ£һǿʱ׼ȴʵι˵˵֮Уʲôĵλ
˳һۣĿģЩ벻ףϾȻʱ򣬻ģ˵ģʱȻģ
Ҫʱͻըһϴһˡ
սġ
ʱ伱ȣݷù֮󣬾ͶơٵĴ󹤳֮У֮󣬾ǵ٣ԣ֮־ƣʹûȥע⵽ս񣬲֪սȥʲô
սȥʲôҲû˵ʵϣսȥͦԶǸоżϻģڣ١
£սߴӰͳ֣һ۾Ϳ˳ϵĲ״ɱϣʱս⡢ŭһԶֱϴүү㣡
սۼԼĿǰʩչɱУսоĺûֻɱϣﻹһ䣬ң
үү˳ԣ
սһǰѵķ򵥣Сĵ㣡
򵥣
սӿϲ⣬ȻһھѪϣƴȥ
¾Ѫ¸ɾѪ¸еѪУ˵ţȴûע⵽ĳϣս񼴽¹ʱδתֻǷ÷ն¡
뷨ؼʱҵģ㲻һն£Ҳǹϣƣһˣɵķնսʱпӿ𲻰
һնµĸоûг֣
ɨȥӲûжϣûжϣһɰֱϣӿѪ
үүķ
սЦţٴ³ѪսĻᣬΪ֪˺ǿ


1600 թթթ
ս񽻹֣ҲӣʱĸоԵвסķ
Ȼ˿̡
ȻľȻֱۻڷ飬ǣ಻ϵĽɫսսûгһкڶ˽ɫս˿֮ܲʹֻս£
һԣԶüͷýĿսеսʹʲôȴǵõһľϲ仹ĽǰҪȴǷɱ˻ȥԶ˿̣ڼǰ
飡
սִ֣ɨɵһߣͬʱҲսƣ£ʩչ̺ŹɢŻϢͣս˵ĹӣȻǺöҪˡ
˵ţûսֻǽɫסսҪȽʣµģս񣬻Ǹӣðöˡ
սţսԽԽսŨ
ǰĳϣɹȥĺܺãڣ˭㣿
ŽµĳϣһЦն£һͣ׼ӦԳϵĹȴ˳ϵĿЦֻǻӻֶѣʲô
û˿ϷŪңұ֤úܲҡ
թкܲˬٴγȥּ֣ûܣѪٴ춯ʵָ˲ᣬѪ춯첻ʲôصӰ죬ĿϣܳûˣթѾ׼ãЩСֶΣǭ¿ˣϧЩֶξȲ
ϵȥȻûݳֻǳϵ֣޴ϣôһ䣬һɰýС͵ش˳ܳһɲǣӾ͵ü۾ɱ֮ʱСĶȫ˳ɲǼС״̬
켴ս޴УСȻpޣģpеĶЩ΢΢ɫҪЩϮУ˲˵Ҳһ鷳£ԣؽɫҪЩޡ
žһ죬ϬĽɫһ룬ʣµ˲ϮǰĽЩսûΧгһ£
Ϯǰʣµһ㶾ģеķһǰĶ˸ɾתһֱϮսսٴαˣ
ͷųϣ֪㻹ʲôպ޺˵꣬һҡΣɫ䣬ȴһ˿˿壬ѿںȵʲôȻûб𣡡
ⶾp޵Цģʵǵ㶾ҪҲ̫ӰķӣֻܵһȾ˶ѡ
˵ɣȴڵܵˮȾǡ˶ѡͽҪսپˣЩ£ûȥЩϴӵӵвϬʱ䣬϶ܳȥǶ
пųÿÿվתֶΣȻĿɿڴˡ
һ㣬һˡ
ϿԽԽĶý޴ǿޱȵСڣϧСڻڳ˯СԶϲȥСڣңڲûеɽˮĵزֻһػ
ҲǲµϵӵˣɱѾϺսһСڣ
Сڣ
İʣΪǳϵĴƣǰŲʲôСС׵ģֻɱȥǣp޵ӣòС﷭֮սУսַһϲѹҾķ
תץսͬʱԽ䱸ųϿеСڡ
ϺСڣթĿľһʱ䣬սӳս۾һݣȫӿ˽ȥʣµһֽ£ȫڡ
Ѹǣ
ķսץȥʱתɣʣͬʱ츲صı仯ǷϾȥȻһ£ٱ
Ȳȫת䣬Ѿ˳ȥս䵽ȵѪ֮ΪҾΪ꣬ڶ̣
УγɵĲǺڶǽȫšġڷŭǰؽµʧ˲뵽ڶǿתŷϹ
ȻתͷûпνСڣҲûϤĺڶģֻлʹŤŵĳϣһ㶣һαթŭվһǣҪҽ


1601 ׷
ʹ࣬ΪġѶȣͲһĴ󣬶ڶþ𣬡ǬתתȻڼתȴûṆ̀ȫǸѼϼܣòΪ֮
Ȼʹ࣬ɳȴʹ࣬ԽԽۣ˵ƴ𣿡
һ̬ϻһԳƵϾϲ飬Ǿǽ·ǳǿ󣬼ֻǰأԳڵӣٳת֮ڵȻû꣡
Ȼܵͨþˣǿܹɾģ׼仯ռѭΡ㾭
ֻڡ
˿̵ĳϣоġص飬һãҲУ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ򳤻ֻ̣ϸġġеķģһ˿˿ƫûУΪֻҪκһ˿˿ƫġͻˤ÷һƬ߶У
ڳ϶ԿǳӣѪ֮򣬻ܹسһƴĹ̡
ģҪΣ
оΧڱ仯ƽȥᣬΪмڣʶ־ϲ֮󣬿ɲС˭֪ǲǳϵһֶأ
ˣҪһпܶѿ״̬ѸټЩĵطȥͬʱϵӰû˿ͣ͡
෴һֵƣδֹģƣеʼ仯죬ҲĪسУ
ȻʲôʽȴһΣУšġЩˣҲŨŨϢҪǻһ˵ҪǸǴ˵ģֱӻҷǿģŵѪһ㣬ˡ
ܽķŭôݣߵôһ٣ٶĳԱأԣٶȽˡ
ɲһ¡
ĶԽԽˣֱӡǣϵˣȴ׼У
ڳˣУˣȥսҲ֣Ҳ岻֮սֻܽսץסյУһùͱļʽ
ٶȽöϣףϻʮҪ˫֣ͳǲǿĴڣ
ʥģǸ߸ϵģ
նˣ
һߣػ𣡡
ٹߣȥ
ʱ۾ƣ
գ֮֮Ѫ֮꣬¡ָָ˳ϣµضųϣһһס
ͬһ˲䣬Ҳָָ˵Ǿ仰Уֲԣס֮ʱҲһ֣
һ֣
Ҫ˵ȥͻظоԼͷܶ˲䣬о꣬еһУʧˣһܣǴվǧꡣ
ûȥͺըҩһ磬ûгֲֿĳеȴûɢ׳󣻳ϲŹ˲ô࣬Ҳ֪ġܽ˶á
ʱǿﲻˡ
ڡֳڵɲǣǿʣϼֱ˸̫ڳϸոռʱǿʾ͵ִǰ
ǡʱˡġ𾪡ŭȵΣ֮УҪ˱ܿȥͬʱؽ¼ǿѾ˿
䣡
춯أǳǧУҲһ
ϹƵˮ׿ͬһĽ£ֻаأЧ󽵣ⱬըУ׸ˣҲΪµĳ׻𣬳ŷ൲ûжܵˣѾв
ûȥⶫʲôǿ촽鶯ţųһ֣
׷
׷
ʱУԳһ˸ǳ۾ĺۼ˲ϲһ켴ſڣһ׹⣬ֱϡ
׹ûɢһ˿˿ֲܣȴһĸоһ֡աĸо
գԿգ
ǿʣѾǳĵˣڵûһŵƣңţˮֻ֣Ҳס׹⡣
գұҪ𣿡죬裬Ҫ䣬ҲҪǳһâ
ӽϸ˿˫ӿŵԹޣǵóѣɳϵĿ⣬ֱԹ˵˵ӣоȵһȺѡ
ڳϽǵòԿԺ׼ԱӦ׷֮ʱϵ޴ͻضһ£


1602 һ̣һҧʮ
޴ˡ
µpģҲǷĴȵȶ𡭡
Ǿֻʣһֿܣ
ϵ飬ޱȵؼţСڣ
£һСڵϢȫ˯СڣΪؼʱ̣ˣ
Сڣ
žϲϲõȵԼ˵׷֮£һеֶΣ߽⣬թҲɹһῴ׷֮£
Ļû˵꣬Ϳӳϵ޴ĳһֻӣһֻѩ׵ӣһĻˣˣɵò֪˼ά
һֻӣʲô
ңӱѩҪף׵ɫǰʧȥ˹󣬶ԲλˣȴΪʲôСأ
˲ʣ޽⣻ǵ۾ȴǿֻѩ׵ӣСԴſ죡
ŵķ׷֮ķ
ֻҪʲô
ǳ˳֮⣬˵ʣûȥôۣٻ׷ôܱһֻӸסأǲǻ֮
СڣСףһҽԼ֮Դĳͷɣ
䣬˵۾㿴ѩӣһˮһ׷֮ȫѩӵĶУһ˿׷֮⣬һС
˼ѾֹͣˣˡġһˣҲ˲Ϣ䣬˵ܣ
ϵҪһ㣬Ͼ֪Сڲһֻӣ֪Сںǿ֪˯һСڣǿ󣬵Ҳ֣оԼ޵ֿ׷֮⣬Ѫȵȴ׷֮⣬СڸˣСھǿһ
׷֮Сڣȴ˸ǷСĳ˿ųһСҧţһӱĵ˳ϵĻ˵̫ˣҸ͸׼ôóԵĶϧһ㡣
仰ֱڳϵԺģ沿⼫ḻҴƱҪ⻰ֱѪˡ
Сڣʵ̫ʱˡ
ָдǱߣͬһ㣬׷֮أһֻӣô̵׷֮⣿³ɱҡ
Сתͷоȫ׹ѣԺһҪɱҵ

׽֣ȴ͵ؾѹֻ֪ӾֵܹģܳԵ׹⣬һϢˣоĽŲһҪţҾ廹ȥƬ񷻹ȥ
Сٲҵ飬֮Ǳܱʩչطڷ֮У󣬽СڣֲܣֱϮСڡ
Сȴǻ벻⡣
ͬʱϺСڣǷã
֪ˣ
СӦһٳ򷨱
ķǷƷǱȽ»ҪߵĴڣֵԹ㣻ǣ˲٣ҲãҪȡϣ
мһС
Сڳ򷨱¶Цݣȵ
ȻըûԤϵǰڿգǷɢܣҲоˣȥķСҧ
С¶һӵ飬ֱѪСһצɫ䣬ԤеֻҪСڵצ쵽бƣϣҲȫ
ֻſ־壬ȴûκΰ취ֻؿֻСצԽԽʱϵ𣬡Сڣߣ
һĮҲǱ䣬Ķȴǲֻ⣬ΪʲôϻŹĪҵ֣
²ţһ仰Ҳû˵ھ˼գ˵ʲô˳ϣǿɾ͵òʧˣǶôĺޣȹǰ˵գһᱨ
Ͽ˼˵һߣô׵ߣҪеģģģС
СȸԾСצУʮ£ﲿλĳһŽɫӣ̺е
ҡ
˵һΣһһΣ㣬ͻڣˣȥˮ峤ҪңȻһŻ𣡼סһҪ仰˳ףһ·˳磬ܹƽصѣ
㡭ȡš
˵ţȴСһצȻʧǰһĲҽȻطʧȥ˵һѣȫ춨
СŽɫӺͷ˳ϵĻСڣϸоҸôŨ


1603 ǣ
Сڵǿӹɡ
һСڵʶӺڵʼʮɽƿǶͼڴ½һУٵ˿׷֮⣬ҧսķĳɫ顭
֮ǰ˵ҪͨԼɶãȴϣСʮ¾͸ĳˣϺɣСʮģѾɶҪá
ɫ飬ȻҪõɫ׳ģ״֪ķҪپġ
ȻǸˮ٣֮϶ĳϵҪȻôһ뵽Ǵˮ٣뵽һ˿Ҫ磬һҲ򵥣ּʩչġ
Сڣǰȥ͵ֹΪͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬Сڣ޵е𣿡дʣϱҡҡͷС޵еģСڵĵǾ͸Ӧ޵УƶϣСھͲӦôһɽһ֩ס˵ʲô
ȭͷԤеСڿ϶Ҳǿĵˣ
˼£ýʣµѿռѭεľҲ˳µû꣬оһ£ϾܴͨһʮҵѨϡ
ЩѨϣϸоЩ˷ѣϺٳǬתڰתΪڰתתꣻǣǡǬתǡռѭΡûݳͨʲôأ
ܲٳһɣ
أ뵽ѭ뵽һѭȻԳɹеѳ̶ȣܴҪѺܴŶһƽ·Ŀĵأֻƽ·ҪƺԶһݾ֮·ȴ൱͵ɽ££Ҫ·ۣΣա
ܼһ±ƽһ㣬Σռһ㣬ﵽ°빦ЧǾͺˡ
Щϲѭ쾭תţϸ¸оÿһͣʮȷĳһͨһѭʱΪһܼҪǽһƽһЧʾܹߡ
ϳٳû֣һ޾ݿƾģûûйȫ죬뾭֮һ
Ӻ󣬳¶˾ģһپ
ԽԽǿ󣬲ı䣬ǰֻܱѹϲܱ򵹣ˣϽ˹ȥǣ·Σ
һɣһѭʱоͨ࣬ͬʱڣǰֻѭĸ죬ȴѭʮ죬ܵסܹӡ
״ϴһȻһİգȴеǣĿ֮󣬲ŷģͬʱҲʾ˳ϣѭľԼǿٶȻܻӣ
ûҾԼѭ
ϴЩ£ҲӾϲõлعӭȥһһ˵ӵףŽٺ
϶ˡ
ףûµģǿôġ
׼˵֣
ѩȻһ£ϹԹԵص˵ͷϵӣ˵ҼŹġ
ֻйϣЦˮһš

ϸ˳ŵƣЦҿˡ
һЦϧûн
һΣͻŹâˡ


߶󣬳ڽĿƵеϣɫְףֺڣ̣ḻúܣڿʩչ׷һǳɱ֮һοܹϣΪ֪׷֮⣬Ƕôغˡ
ϵãһֻˣ䵽ôҵĽֱ֣вŻععɲǣоֱѣ֪ҪĴۣϲܷŹ
վǰʮ״˵ּˡ
ЦݣҪ࣬ж࣬ⶼҵģҪߣд˿̵ıңЦУͳǹűϻûô˵оóűɼоЩº󣬶Գ˺־ء
жٱʣȴ˵ҵĵˣֵܣ
кޱȣȴ޿κΣϵĹűѾûˣȴбȹűķǣǷҪ˼ʱ򣬵𣬡ϣǵѰƵģϣӦҲһơ

Ͼס


1604 ҹ̸
Ͳµ౦У½Ѱĳֶû뵽ѰҵƣһҪˣлľҵ˾ñһ飬ſ飡
ֻϧдˡ
Ļеɫһα仯ϵĿ˵ѵ㲻׼ó˵ţеСڣȴǴ˸Ƿ
ֻǷƣ̵׷֮ƣһģһ
пԣˣЩɲ⣬̵ܹ׷֮Сڣһʲô
СڵĹǷ֮£ǰδйٶȣóƣݸϣϽӹս˵ңƣʲô֪
֪úޡ
С˵ţû˵ȥϱ˵űȹűķͬҲҸ֪ľǺޡ
ˡ
лƣǳеԭ򣬸ǳϵʵȴûһ˵𣿡
Ī⣬ͷԣСצӣ˵ˣ֮£ӣ
Ȼ㲻ӣǾͰɣʲôʱͨˣдϱĴթһЩһĽѵȥ֪רΪƶˣϾͲô׵طŹˣҪ֪Ĵ󲿷Ϣ׳
ˣŪǸģӦóɣ˵꣬תˣһȥųϵıӰ벷ʱǸӰصţ뵽֮ǰڳŵϢ˸
治ӣ֮ǰЩܹӵѵֶΣֻ߲ҪǿߵĻǹƾǱҪң뵽⣬һ̾Ϣǧ㣬û˽ȥҪ뿪ֻ¸ģ治һĴ󡣡ţи˹ȥ
óصľƣףһεʤ˵ƣʵ޹أϳ˽Ķ󣬶൱սȴˣһսⶼûУΪԵСڡ
սСڳʱ򣬾Գơ̡ڣȻͼʶСڽ磬սǰԼ˵Ļ£ɴ˸ΪСˡ
˿̣С󹦳ǰװ׵ϣ˺Σ۾ҲǺСǺȾƺȵģһ̬ӣֱѩСڵǿ౧š
ˣҲҲμ칦ᣬ˷ܲͬǣɬޱȣΰʱ˾̬ʮӣγһģĲӰģӰأǵʲô
ٶۿȥʱ򣬿ģһֻӣһֻӣǣеģҲƽˡ
ҹˣ˲඼ʣԻסϵ˵﷿˵̷ٵĸоΣ˵о˶ˬһ
¡ٵĳ򸾣ʶ˺ܴ仯ϲ̽һ£֡ٵкܶҩûȫӣһ£ûа˳Ȼ
ѩȻŶӣҪȰ˵ӲҪôƴɻ˵ϾЦŵ˵ףǳٵ˴˵ͳˡ
˵꣬ϲᣬСڣ˷ܵػԼĵطڰ·ϣ˵ϸоЩ֣ʵʲô𣿡
Сһۣ˵
ϱһûӣֱ˵ϣ̷ģǺӳйصĵҩ𣿡

Щɡ
ⵤҩĪ󵤽٣ͨĵҩҲµôһ㣬ǲֳϵĵҩ
ûлػ֪ʲô˼
ˣ֪Լ¶ˣʱȴͻʵϣ̷˳ϵĵҩܹԶȥ𣿡
һŲУǾʮţһٿš
Ļش𣬵ҡҡͷ㻹ûҵ˼ⲻǶٿŵҩ⣡
ǡ
ɫûֱӻش𣬶ȡһ곤ⰻȻСݣ˵СݣȽ⣬ܹǧﶬµС˵ǳˣϽ꣬Сݲǵһͷڡ
˵ȥֻǶųϣһܹǧСݣ˲˷ĩҲȥʣ¾Űٶ꣬Ҳûȥ
Ŀ⣬һӱޱȣ


1605 
ǧСݣôһ󣬾ͻΪҽǧΪ̸
㻭棬һӾͰζ˳ϵǸңʱ׵˾֮⣬̷ˡٵһ״̬˵㲻޾Ҳӵ£Ҫǳ⣬ܵԵĴǰΪҽСһٶҲȻ
ϵ飬ǽŵȭͷ׳Ѿȴĳϵļ˵ٲŲҪģǳٵǰᣬĳ٣Ӧǳ
˵֮󣬵˳ȥھ֮УԺﲻͣšĸ֣ǰ·Ҫ볤ҪʵǰУ
ԼҪԵĶ֣δ֪ĵˣǿҪøǿץסһлᣬûлᣬҾԼ죡
켴϶˼ƻʣµʱݳ㹻ľռѭκ͡ǬתҪѭͨ
⣬ڿռ䡣
ؽԡ
Ȼ۹ˡ̧ͷ۾￴ֻ֮ǣԺֵ︡ȴ޾Ĳ񷣬ǴԪһĻҾƿ죡
Լ飬ϿŹԹſڻСڣ˵Сڣܳɳø죿
Թ˾˯˯ٳԡ
Сһ̬ҪɰжɰǳΣѹСڵشҲһɳգʵ֪˶ٴۣԵתΣСڣԳ˯˯ǿò񻰣׷һˣһץˡ
Ҳоʵı֮£϶ŰӿʵǲǻзǳǿĵˣʱСޱȣ˼˵ҲһΣС
Ȼ߶һ䣬˵СڣֻҪһ飬ǾǳԣҪҶ
˭۸Һ͵ҾͰһСצӣ̬䣬ץСצҡҡȡǿ۳ɵĽɫӣԥݸСڣС˫צҡӣǸ׷֮⣬ٳûжá
Сһۣ֪Сڵ˼˵СڣҾȳԣһŹ㡣

С͵ͷģʮֿɰ
Ϸ½ɫӣɫɫӲǱɫ̷ȱţɫ̵ľģ
Ҫͦʱ䣬ϱ
һߣСڸӽУõͦûӿʱպù֦ϣ·˲Ѫ繵֣
ҵǣһûУſ춼ſˣգһ۾Ҫԣܴ֦ϵֻܹ档
Ѫζɢˣó棬࣬Ѫ߲࣬ҧģʹζÿһ񾭣ʹȥȥ۾У۳ޱ޼ʵķŭָ߹ʲôʱóϵĶЩҪǲ֪ǰǧ֮⣬ͻò
ȻʱЩó澹ȻںѪѪǶôĸ߹ôܱЩ͵ȾǣɱǣȴǶֻܶó˻ҧоԽԽ͵ʹ
һУɵģ
кݺӹ˽٣Ҫ㱻óһ飬һ飬߲һ飬ʹ࡭Գϵĺޣ޷ݣΪеҾͻΪһ𣿵һصٴۣϣҵš
ţԶмӰƮһӾᵽɤ۶ûʵѾ׸˻˭᲻ֽˣ
еǲѣӰѾվǰ״۾͵طͷǸ׼һߣĨ⣬ͣʵʶң
ϣ۾Լҧͷѹեڻ˿˿ޱȵصͷ߼״һ˼һˮʱó
ˮתһȦԺһЩ߸ĵҩʱȻʵûлָ˵Ҳް
Ϸ˭Ҫ˵Ϸܾ㣬Ȼ㣡
Գϵĳѹ£߳ϣһķϣ䲻֮Ҿ͵ûɫ䣬֪ǣ
壬


1606 
Ѱɱ׵ˮ߳ϣġ塱֣Ȼ߳ϱ񾭣һĿ
ԽüͷԽ֮˱飬ʵ߳벻ףƬ½ô˺Ĵڣˣ
߳ϲԺһ徫Ӣһ֣ģˮ塢塢࣬ս߳ҲǳרѼĴۻСΪӣΪ߳Ҫˮ֮ҪɳΪˣ
ֻϧЩۣЩת۽Գɿգ
⣬߳߻ۼˣǿӢΣ˿˲ˣģðκ߳ҡͷʵ׹ӣ
ϡ
Ѻһ֣ҧ˻ȥˣһ˼Ҽŭ˼һСָͷҪһжڳͷϣƽϢŭ֮˵߳ϣǼ٣㽫ͻ壬ͼֻҪ߳Ͻͻأд󱨣
˵Ļ飬߳ЩˣʵǰһĻôһˡ
ֹţͻأ߳뵽Լӣ᲻ҲǸ˸ɵһ뵽⣬߳۾е˵׹ӣ˭㣿
۾͵رû˵Ϊʹҿ˰̣߳ҲʶԾæ͵׹ӣû˼ʵ˵ˮ廹жԹ

½նɱˡ
ˮ֮
߳˵ǰһ仰ʱһıˣ˵ӵ֣˷æʵ׹ӣ㻹֪֣

Щģ߳ȴǼ֪׹ס֣ô϶ܸˣҪǺڣպˮʷǿĸ֣׹վڲ֮ϣѾԻ
߳˵ţûпڲس鶯Ǽǵˮ֣֮ȴΪʵһȥˮʱˮ֮ڱЦˮ֮˵ʲôˮ֮ˮʷķҪһͷܹõˮ֮ôԴͷ澳ʱͦ˼ЦһЦûϵ컹óȻǿˮ֮ģǣ߳ԺܰӣΪܹ˳صֻͶã˵ȷʵˣֻ֮ڣұȼ磡
ǣ׹˵̫ˡ
߳ϼҫȥиһ⣬æʵ֮˭նɱüĿ
߳һӳĬˣ˵һЩüĿҪȥ鿴Ƿʵץһں¹ڣǰ꣬һֱ
˼״˵ñȽ磬˵һЩһгϵˣɱ˲ٵĴ½ߣ⣬ֱ֮նɱݺȴ֪˵ˡ
ϣ˽гϣ
ǵģ
׹ӣлˡ
߳ϵɱѾܣʵ׹ӣ֪֪ߣ֮ǰҲȥңȴֻиŷ򡭡
Ͻ˵˷߳ϼ֮󣬶һ˵ˮǿ׹ӻȥ
߳ϣҡ
ʲôң׹㻹Ӧ
Ҳǡ
ˣ˵ˣǸڣȻɣǽ׹Ӱȫͻȥǳ˿أҾʡ˵꣬߳ϲˮǿ粵ĻᣬͶ˵׹ӣұУԻͣ׹Ӷԭ¡
ûϵˣҪȥԽ磬ԽҪСӣ䵽زֻŪġ
滰ٻһ˵߳Ȼˣһм֮飬˵Ȼ֪׹ԣҵ֮󣬶ὫʲôҺˮ𣿡
ˣͶлˡ
һ֣ˮǿ˵߰ɣ壬ٲĺôˮǿò뿪߳ϿˮǿȥһЦ˭۸ûŶţ߳ʣ˸Ͻϵˣɱ
·ϣҲЦȻ֪߳ϲǳϵĶ֣ǹƻ߳ȥˣҪ߳ȥ߳һϿ϶ΪˮУˮɱ֮
ţˣϣ½ߣһǵɣȫͷϣǧȡţ
ͬʱ޾У½ȥһٻӰ͵ͲϾǾϲ֮ɫ


1607 ˺ñ
ٻӰֹ¶ϲоԼʵڽڽƹѩһԽԽԽԽǿ̳˲Ӷѡ
̶̵ӣΪǰһӣվǸżǰ֪ΪأҪǰһǽŬǱչأһһۣǼʮ꼸꣬ǧꣻǿҩֳ֮࣬쵤ҩȻǳһɽôĵҩҲУǿսȵһĴǲ֪Ҫٴս
ң⻹ֻһֿܣ滹ŷգչغпͶ޹սп
ǣд
ߣ
ݹأԭֻ澳ΪȻһ֮֮ʵôתƣһ󼰵ľ硣
Щǿ󣬶ҲãҲգ˵оеģӣ伸վǸǰģǺҪǣⲻŬĽ·㡣
һ˫ֻһˣ벻ɳô죬벻һһĨжһףջ񡣡
ȻˣüƲûʧֻǣȥҵôôʺĪǡ뵽һܣȴģܽܣ
֮⣬һ벻ܣģ˼һȥųЦݣ˹ȻкñûΣҾͲûˣѵóһΣú棬Ǵﰡ
Ųȥ
ͬʱ֮УϽɫӣȫˣɫüΪɢƴƣɫϻԼһģӰ
ɫӣе˵ɫøǿǣǡЩ²⣬üЩӵɫ
ô࣬˽⵽νĽ٣ˮٵȵȣˣʵ̫ߵǿߣһȦʵȦģ㲻н٣ܵȦģнٽ١
ˣƽɫˣǻеˣĨɫҲˡ᲻ջȥ
⣬ǳϵĵġ
Ȼɫϴ˲ٺô澳֮ʱΪϴ˲ٷ̵ʱǿɫȹģʩչɫʱֵ𾪡ɵһ࣬ξ˳ϵ
ɫôãܲһʵǾɫԪҺһԼģǱ˵ģһ˼ջȥô죿һ˼ʲôô죿
뷨еС֮ĶȾ֮ȴǳϲòǵ⣬ϲһˣվˡ
жñҲ취ǡ
ţСҩҪСڳɳУʱת۱ôȥ˵һ¹⣬ǣǴһӣҩݣ̺кƴƷ֮ȵȣȫϿţἯȫ֮Ѱҡ
˵ŵ֧֣ȴҲûϵֵ֧ôף˺ʲôû˵ȴ˾뵽˵˵ػ
ϲûаһԴռмУǶһ𹲹ѣƽԣϹҳӣˣҪʲôҩֻҪҩĹͰơ
ļϢļǵپ͹ˣòãôеٽ£
һŵģ廨Ҫıഺפ֮ĵҩЦڵΪഺһ㶼Ѱ
廨صҪңһĳҵΪûأ̷ҩһ㡣һЦ˾յ
أϲģԣҶܿǺһξΪıĲöΪٶȶֱһ
ϰҲûջڴԼĿĿտʼͬʱֲͬĵҩͬĵҩҪͬ¶ȣͬҩͬĻͬ϶ȣȵȡ
СԳ˵ҲһĿ飬Ѷȼ
ȻӲҪˣͿõ棻´Ҵʣһΰ¹ȥѾͬʱֲͬĵҩ
һߣ߳ϿҪִȥ֮صߣҲϣ
ͬʱһӰѾѪħ½˲̽һ£ͳ̣һ£˵ˣͻƵĶˣ


1608 ɱ
Ѫħ½Ѫħɽ
վɽ֮ϣԶ۾ƺŮԣţţţҸš
ſţϵ۾ʪֻҸ͡
û˵꣬ͻط׶رͷϵѪƣèһƴȥһĻ͵ؾѣ뵽Ҫʲô¡
ԥأеƣƣŷɱжĿʼ
ɱжѾ˰ٱ鲻ֹһȺѪħ½ˣѪصһȺǣѪص类ϸ׵׵ϴԣҪжϡ
ѪƶĻƣһâΧŵӰӿ£㣬˷ȴûͣڿУķ
Ѫħ˾㶼̧ͷ죬ѪȴԾУȵʲôˣѪħ½ʲô
ǵˣ
˵ţתʱµķѪǵʱоԼ츳ܱջأڵ˺üӣŻعǼѣ򵹣ˣ˵еˣˡ
Ǻܲ
صͷȴ֪ѪǵţȻƲһߣ⣬һޣ
ȥȡ
ǣˣ룡
ѪشòľϵӣѪħȥͬʱȴǼԦŷ·ߣռͨȥ
ܿ죬Ѫħ˿˳ѪɫģʱϲѣͻƵĶڵھŲ棬ֻǣϲ֮Уһ˿Ծ类ڸȥ
ȲģУһ߽ȥǹɲԾ͵ת˲Ҫ֮ʱվѪѾЦŶ˽ţأѪʧŲ͵رˣ
Ǹ˻ûлعײϣûи˺ܵһ˹Ƿŭ壬ȻһܣҪɱҵ壬ƾôһ㣬زɣ
䣬ѪħҲŭХһ˫һЩȫˣţӳ𣬻δȥǱɢܣȻ۳һɣ˲Ϯϣ˵ڶ
˭Ҫɱң
գ𣬺ţѪħ½˷ҵɫ΢䣬ôֱʣһɱ󣡡
ȥҪЩĵطһɾʱоŨɱһ̽ȥɫڣΪɱһɢģѪħ½еѪħˣȫɱ֮ģЩѪħվλãҲǺվģϸȥЩӦ
˭˭˴˵Σ
ȴ˻شͻأһףԶ֮оǵϢЩԾҪȥףѪǼȫ֮һն˹
ĸҶҳ֣ߣ
ӲһУֻ˰벽Ȼ˫ն£ƿѪѪˣһϢѪħеıееĻ赹ڵأվŵ޼
̤׷ȥ춯ңӦź䱬ϵĲãȫˣŭѪȴ˷಻ϵܸѹȥʱѪħѪӿѪƻɢѪħ½ҡҡ׹
ҿܵȥ
ѪǣӰ˲ƣЩʱ䣬˼ӰʧҰ׷˵ЩǰкãֶΣɱҶ
һٿըʱ䣬ըһܲ˵س˽ȥ֪Ƶģֻһ֣ǳϹġ
ճȥռͨͱˣռͨҲһͬըָܣŭյûж㣬ҪЩܡ
ֻѪĴۣЩܾͱˣ䣬ɫش䣬ȵռըȻ˿ռͨʲôֽţ
æȥأâս֣ռӿз໤ǿռأڿռƮ죬ҵᣬ˳ȥʱѾһ԰ף
ǳ嵽ռ䣬½״Ҫõö࣬ɲҵǣ嵽½嵽˳µȦУһ֣Ӷûվһɱ
ƽʱɱУѵÿռĵòˣʱ˸ˣǳǳҵǣЩûʧз״󾪣ҪٻصռУͻΪռеһ֡
Ͻģзеķȫǰ


1609 һ
ӳȥķûһǼ򵥵ģǸ߼ķǣ˿̣˲ˣȷҪˡ
ȺռըɢһСλһɷ֮½ЩըķȳǼɱеķǿˡ
ԣԶ˿ռҵ½ϣʡ¡
ֻˣ
һֱȱը֮ѲһĻûлٻȥٿ̫
ȻȥǰأҪȥŮȻҲǳȥģΪµЩɱУҪǸ˵ҲֻǰװȻΪ
Щ϶ԤϵˣϧǣûԤϵռͨıըռҪ֪Ǹ˵ˣ˾أҲỶĲѣڿռڵĳϻ֪ʲôǿռأ
Ѫħ½һľ䣬飬ֻһ֣Ѫħ½Ҳɷ棬µǣǿռûʧ½ӣѪħ½Ǳӵü죬ãķ֮һѪͱʴ˿ռһ֣
֮˹վܵˣʵ̫أһǽһǣƬͣϢɱУŭֱٵءأ
ŭģЩɱУҲǲҪĿռͻƵĶˣز£ħľѾԲΪпΪǰҵǿ˰ŸĶЩɱеǸˣ
ȴҧѪһһ䷢ģ˭һҪҳǧ򡪡У塪
ٹ죬ܶˣҩ̷ҩ֮˼ά˲٣ҲɱУ˵Ǹ˼пߵˡ
ЩɱйʱɢϢ֮һһΪָɺվǿռûʧ෴ǰ˼ףɫ䣬Ѫħ½ȥ鿴һļƻʵ֣˿ռһۣתͷ֮ȥ
Ѫħ½Եʱ޾ĳһ֮Уһ˶ƣصʧ
һȦʧ֪١
ͬʱصļңһۿȥХХ죬ӡ֣ҪѪծѪ
ڰҪҩЩΪϸ˴һƬҲܹͬʱƾֲͬĵҩ
Գ˵һ൱ջֻҪԼӴÿͬʱŸͬķģŸͬķһ𱬷Բ˵
⣬Щѵó뵽һ£ǾųٵڵлţųٵըǿֲѪⶼըϡá
ҩҲܣҪԵеĻȻ˷ʤֻǣõҩ񷨱أţ󣬽˼棬ǰͽ뵤ҩһƣһгЧҽڵҩõҩΪ󷨣󷨴ҩĻӦܱɡ
뵽˷ݣǰе飬Ƿǳ򵥵󣬵ҩҲǺͨĵҩǢѶȲ󣬿ԳʵĵҩҪõĻ󷨿϶ܸӣҩҲҪƷ׺ܸߵһ֡
ҪƳɵҩõҩɹЧͲףڻҪҩԸӵɣǸϼѣҪһ棬̳һ֮󣬹ܻ
ϵ̹ѣ뵤ҩѣ
һݣǴ£˶ûȥţ˭ҪȥţǾǻջУЩﶼйɳ嶯Ҫóϰһֵҩ֪ۺܴ󣬳֮⣬л˼УĲͳϳϹϵ
Ҫ˵һЩȻ˵ˣ
л˼ţ׻˵ӿڳЩϢҪ˵˳˵ͻʲôѣţͻؼһȭҿգֱӱҳһпռ֮ӿĸִӳųһԣ
ݣϵ뷨ǿеģʵȴ޴ӿ֪Ҫдʵ֪һ̣ԺֱӱĳĵҩǷħ
ħ϶ֻʼʵʱҪӼʼţȻһըС


1610 
СϽȻϷ
ŵŭ̿նɽ嶼ˣѡһֵҩĳӦ廨Ծ˳ȥŭ˳ϴ磬Ǹջ棡
ʮָ裬ƴߣֻ⴩Ĳ룬ǿռѷ죻ҲߣɹȵһģƴޱȵӿؼӿϢ䲻һջʢС
ջôʮɣƽƵģջһҪڶǼ˵ŸԽռѷӺˣؼԪеһջɿֻ廨ɫԽԽ԰ףȻôһջܲס
СҲϷǰ࣬Ϸ㻨
߳ӵ˵ޣдҪһн廨أһ䣬廨ﴩĿռѷУëëϸꡣ
ëëϸû赲סջĳɳת˲֮䣬ϸͱ˱꣬ٲٲռѷԽԽ󣬾ջ֮ʼã㣬廨Ѫ
߳һЦˣϾС㻹ϷǰŰɱŻ廨оϢ·ܵĵˣҪգʱһֻĺ󱳣Ϣ֮ʧĻ
ǳС
߳ϽһжˣֻгϣֻгޣΨһҪģնɱϣٲһӾӿ̤ڶŵĹ֮⣬ٲйصҲðˮڽǣʱκˣҪɽ֮ϵҲһ˵ļʽ
ȴǲֻ廨ϻð㣬벻⣿
һ㶣ر߳ϣϳΪϻ赭д˵Ҫ⣬³ɺһӿԱһ˿ɫӶûע⣬һ۳ϻеӣ˵֮еĿռѷ죬ԽԽϸȥЩռѷԳΪչġ
廨ͣ˳ƴɱһĻӿЦݣͣصͷ룡
Ǿȥɡ

廨Ӧ̧űǰԼ߳ϵĶ֣ųϴ磬߱Ц߳ɫŭףȻҪϷԸϷȥɣ
ʱ廨߳Ϻܽһֻѩ֣ѾڿУ߳һԾŵˮҪֶ廨ĵֻóϵһ֣
߳ʲôҲˣˣߵˣҲˣȫ˳Ķġ
ţ廨İ£
ž
գȥԶԶ廨ϲҿߴ˵ϻ㲻Ҫɱɾջ
߳ϵΪǻڹ֮һ֣ΪͦߣʵԱһ׷ҪͣټϣתתõܴУһӳ뾫ҲԱǣԣ֮£߳ˣ϶סϢ
Ϣʱ䣬廨ʮŸ⣬߳Ĵһջ߳ϰѡġĿƣʲô£ˮ߳ϵĸ߹֣ȴһŮˣݺݴ˶⣬ҪǴ˳ȥ飿
ˣ߳Ҫٳ֣ﻹϷҪ

ϵڶġ£˵廨˵Ķȵû࣬أ
Ŷˡ
廨ֶֻóļ䡢սҲϷһĻЦѣ߳һλָʱѾ廨߶գ
߳Ҫޣжޣһץ廨ǵαأû廨⣬廨˻Ƕջ廨λá
εġġֻһϢ߳ϻ˲䣬ץ£һӾץǾջ룬ջ͵غ£ס߳ϵֱۣŴα߳ʧȥǣôСһջסϷϷҪɱ⣬ǶҪᣡ
˼˵ջСˣò񫣿ǺãԸջøһ㣡
ϵ˵ջһٴʮɣЩٲ֮ˮûܽջջ˾ջϣջһٳɫǵһĽƣкаףл̣˵Ĺ⻪ɫʡ
ɫĸƵĻ֮ɫˮ֮򣬺ɫɫʵ廯Ĺâ꣬Բͬȴһһƴ


1611 д⣬֮˼
ľջû߳һη壬еȫŭ޸ʴӿջһˣϽӿռѷ죬½Ӻƺ֮ˮ
֮⣬ͣ
߳ƴߵˣɫȴǾ̲ѣģǸ߳Ϊˮ֮ģղΡظоĿֲʲôˣãȵһжܶǸʱҪҪȡǵֱǲѴ֮
˽ԵתһȦļ£ԣ߳ϵķǲûг֣Ǹ̵ģȴĿꡭĿꡭڡ
ʧȥǵ߳ûȴ˸һЦ˵վʲôأǳϵæ
ǡ
˽ţˡ
߳ϳ޳ϣԳ˵Ļ൱⣬һɨ˾ȻڴʱŭˣϽϷϣɱǡ
߳ϣǲ£Ҳǡ
ϣ˭ɱصˮ˭ȡϷλãΪˮ峤ϣ
Ķ࿴һۣȴûϣΪ̫Ϊһ֮λпܻûԥţ߳ŭԽף˾Խǲϡ
ҡͷ˵㲻аҰһѰɡ켴϶˵˵ǲҾɱǣ
ͷԴ׳֮⣬ɿһӣȴ֪Ҫˣǿ϶ûˣתҪӣǸ̵ģǽӻ˴ָ
Ȼˮ֮еˣܺǿˣ̾ţСڴӻһһ֣㵲ǰ棬˾֮£ѹǵĻңС⸱ģʵη֮ģȵӣÿȻƤ⡭
Ƿ
Сڴ˸磬˻ô¶ͱһ˻ȥƴҪֹסΣȴԺȴһ仰Ұ̵Ƥʵ񼫡
ͣʱѾվ˳ǰ˵һϲԷƵˡ˻ͷһСſڳϻУŹɾſ죬¶ֲϢ
ûǣԾ˵䣬Щ֡
д⡣
һЦļšһվ˳˵ҪɱǣҾͷߡɫٱ䣬˲ȴ׹ϵ˼Ҫǵ˵ĥʯ
˶ϳϣЩ𣬿ɶϾ䡢ļǣȴƣͬʱ˵˵ģҪ˵㻰
Ȼ
˵ȴţҿû˵Ҳ֡ҪǱƵ֮£Ҫ뾡سɳΨˡ
õϵĻش𣬲֪뷨ˣǣս
룬廨˵廨ҾãԳŽϣľջ϶󡣡
ںϣ
廨飬ת˲ȴ˵ϴ˵ÿ϶ǶԵģȥԡ廨ֱǱߣһ֣Ը۷徳ǿߡ
Ͻһ棬߲߳ѣȴ޿κΣֻûдӾջгӿƲ˾ջĳɳ
ˣ߳Ѿʩչ˵ڶŵĹȴȻûƵ˾ջʱһ˿Ĺ򣬲ǵһţҹ֮࿹ԣ֮ƵϢһɣɣ𣬻С
ʱ𣬡ôںƣ
߳𾪣ȴֻһ˲ѣ˲𾪺߳˸ĳޣôҪٸɳʱ䣬һնɱĻᶼûУУһξܷŹ
¶˾ģ߳ȻʩչŹ֮⣬һҪеʩչģȴ׼űɱһͬʱ۲ųϵ㣬ĥֻӣȻ֪ʩչʲôطܹסңҶãǣʩչط϶Ҫʱ䣬Ҳô׾ʩչģңʩչʱ򣬻㣬ǿá
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˼˼⣬һǹڶţһǡġ˼ֲܹͬĵҩһͬʱŸͬķģӦò£ҷֳŵһ𻭡ġͬĲλȻٽ϶ܹԼܶʱ䣬ҷֻͬλѹҲСö࡭
ţϱ


1612 鷳
Ѷķָһס֣ټмһȦŸλȦ˸֡˲仮ýޣרע
һ߳͸оˣɱӿǸסҵĻ𣿲Уһɹʩչ
ţ߳ϱն˳ȥ
Ͻüһûᣬն˹߳ϵΪǿڳϵ˵ǾͲ˺ü֣߳ϵֱӱȥ

߳һףŨȻ߳ϵšġȴ𶯣ַƻˡ
Խһ˻߳ϣ߳ϼ״ЦϷΪжֻôһûˣ㲻ҪסϷϷ㣬Զʩչ
鷳
Ϸ鷳Ϸ鷳Ҫ
ҶԴ鷳̬ȣǣ
˵꣬ϼֱ߳ϵɱ˹ȥ߳ϴӸղǽӴУѾ֪ϵǿãһȫۼȫһն
һţֱӽ߳ϵ£ꡱھͽ߳ϵ˸ɸɾ߳ĿɿڴѾѳǿ̶ȣεúܸߺܸߣȴϣȻǵ͹ˣֻΪôӵǿ֮УϢ
߳۾͵ֱˣѵѾںꣿ꣡
£ӦûвӬ˰ɡ
ϲŲ߳룬߳ѹ𾪣ҧΪֻӰǿЦڣ
һȣѾ˴ɽˮǧˣ۳Σһ벻⣬˵ʲôãƫҪ۳ɲʲôè۵ġ
Сˣ
ˡ
˵߳ϸоԾȴСצӣҡҡʱɢǧ
߳ϵʱ˳ɽ㣬ɲ򵥣̺Ĺ֮⣬ǣֻֻҡ˼צӣûˣʲôûˡ
ֻӺҸӲʱĻУҪȻǼɱС
߳ţֿʼ취ȥӰϣóʩչǸ˺ö࣬ǲУҪǰջɲô׶Ըʱ߳ϷֳϵüͷҲˮưѣ߳϶ʱģԭǸʩչʩչġ
ټԣ
һߣļǼں˴ﶬɱУԽԽ죬Ǵ·磬ϾĶ֣̤һŵ澳ǿߣ
š廨ȻΧɸտս˾ǴѪ廨ǲܹ˵أƴҪں档
Ķ֣ǿΪѾֱ澳˵ֻǸ̤벻õģ䷢ӳܣ֮𣻾ֲѪۣɾȥδΪ
Ϊģ
Ϊ⣡
һΪ꣡
֮꣬Ϊ֮
ն
仹Ǿ䣬˵۾Ѿһѽȥ澳ǿߵĹ֮Уն澳ǿߵϣʱһѪ졣
ӱȥɢֻϣǺ˵ƣһƬնһ澳ǿ߼ԼһΪԶԶˣԹӿϣȵ֮ƣɱ
£һˮУ䣬䲻㣬ȴƣĻڣ⻹ڣҲڣĽ⽣꽣ն
顭
죬ѣѪɫ԰ޱȣǴζĶ࣬磬ȴʵûȣӭٴתУȥ
ߣǧεĳѾܹþŵͬķƣĵʱ䣬ҲǴԡġΪһܽĻã
ֻǣ⻭ƣȴôɾһģŲ
ϳΪһķģӦ÷ӵʵüͷţȴûǶԾջĿƣջѾ϶أôһ䣬߳ҲջΧǻϾеԽԽӴ
߳䲻ĳϵǣջ֮Ѿѹ͸ȥƻҴһɱеķӣɱҪУֻǣֻӡ
Сڸ߳ϴĪѹ߳ϵĿ˾ǱߣҵԶ˱նɱҲᣬͿҪˡ


1613 һĶ
ھſƲһ𣬳뵽󷨣ܸϲϾҲûˡ
ҩܹںϳɹΪűڵҩûиı䵤ҩֻзʽһԭĵҩӵ˸ĹܡҩЧ
ǣ󷨽ǡġǡġͲ֪ˣԳ϶ԷƵԼƣԶúܣ
ûԼĳüͷԽԽ߳Ͽкֹϲֱ˷ݣϷƴɱҷãΪʵѾɽϷնɱĳ̶𣿲ԽģϷԽˣ÷ĵʧҲʡϷ
߳ڴˣֻųϻ뿪Ȼأյ֪ʶԺȫһ飬Ȼûкð취ѵĲ𣿡
ִҲµúܣ߽ͬҲҪǺ֮ͬǽײһˣǽʾ֭ţ㡢ڶȵЩû
Ȼʱļ䡢廨ǵĴȴһһΣˣļѾ³ѪƴսۿҪˮиʳмҲһȫϣ廨նϡãҲľ
ʱ˿̣ŵģˮߣҲļ䣬ǳϣ߳ϣΪ߳ҪǸƾ֣ɱУնɱϣΪӱ
ȥ𣿲ܵģῴǰװģ
߳ţ˼Ȧû뵽취ͺڶȻúܶණںϣǣǶҪııҪ벻ı䣬ֻڷı¹򣬿ɡġǾŲλǸӣʲô취
ԷģԺһƬհˣȴظһˮһŻ𣬽һ𣻻һɵ㣬һɵ㣬תһ
ˮǶĴڣ
ʲôãȥѲɷĻԼԼţͻأԺĳһĳһ˼뵽ʱͷʦ˵һֵʯͷдʯ
һĴʯ룬ٴ룬ǰ·ƴһĻͻụųԷôҲϲϣԽųԽҪǿһֻҪһ֣ԭĴʯᱩɿǣҪǴʯһ棬ʯ
뵽ʯһéٿĸоʯƣǷֿٰǰȥϾͲУһʯ治УУһһⲻǶ𣿴ʯˣǷĲҲһ
ûȳϲֳˣʯһȴǰĴʯˣҲһһ棬һǷĲҲ𣿻ܷӳǰķĹЧ
ʱļǴҽСڴӳϻԾԾУצ㣬ˮߵԺ
УˮǰһһļһУһù֮ŵˮУһҧץ廨ﵤֱֻۡ
ļоգȴŭȣ˵㻰Ǹ˵꣬Ժ𣬡׳գҵ˵𣿿㣬ɱȥ
˷ŭһ룬ȷʵû˵ǲٶ֣ţӣʲôϵ
ȻǲɱȥǾɱ̰ɣ
ɫ䣬ǸʮӣҲɱȥ
ҲУҲУǺƢҾͰǵƤ˵ˮ߾ƤĸоٲԥɱȥС¶Цݣúһῴǵġ
ʱذһתС뿪ϻһ̣һֱȴ߳ϣ͵ر𣬺ȵʱ׼ôʱը
ʱջѣ߳ϾȵǣЩ겢ûѣ˲һ۵ģǾջ߳ϴûмġ
߳ϵɱУȻϣ߳ϵɱУֻһˮˮ棬ȴоȹ֮ŨϢϢ
Īǹţ֮߳ϸպôЦ˵Ĺ֮ٶܹ࣬ס֮Ȼ֮ȫǣȡСѾ㹻ˣ
ȻˡϽüһҾͼʶʶνĹ֮£ϼȭҪǵˮӲͬʱҲٹô࣬ġǸȦķƣһת
ĶԷһһʱ˸ֵķƣԾٶȣȦķϣһġġɢޱȵķ⡣
ɲǼ䣬߳϶ãǵˮҲͣˡ
һ̣˼ʩչȭֻ۾ֱֱضǵˮǵˮ棬һЩ


1614 ˮ
ڳʩչ汾ġġ֮ǰǵˮһˮ˵̺ӴĿֲܣɴӱϿֻһˮ͸͸ġ
һ̣ϿۺһˮƣˮƵһˮ⻹ʲôžƵˮţչһˮĻչڳǰЩˮһչͶס
ֱɵˣȴЩˮƣڵλúҪˣأϽǵˮչֳĶӡ
ϵļȵȣҾµĴЩսǵסĻֵǳͼҲܼ²٣ڣϷ֣Щˮƺѣ·ɳ̲д֣дˣдú˳һӿһˣʲôûˡ
˿̵ʱ䣬ҲһϢϢϢϢ
תۼ䣬ѴϢ
߳ϺĹסǳϵġҲǱըɢܣֹˡ
Աƴɱļ䣬ˮ֣ܵӰ죻֮ǰһֱڰĵһĻֱӱ˳ԶǱУɫһξ䣬ȻǲʲôֶΣζʲôֱţ̫ΣˣٴԱߣȻһᱻУҪЩϢҶȻȥʮĹأϣܱܹ
ʮϢʮһϢʮϢ
ˮŻչڼǣƴؼǣҲʱ򣬾ʹꡢʹϻȻǾάǸĶġ
ǰķģֻǻʱ򣬲ľһɣٲþģ似ҪһҪþά֣
΢΢һ˼䣬ʮϢѹһǿǿľҲݽ֮ٲά֣ɳϼµЩˮƣһ˵֮
ȻϺ뽫ȫӡԺʱҲġڿʧʱϹʹǵˮ֣һǷޱȵˮУ˵ҼǲҲڡ
˵ͬʱֺֻţضλõˮƣʱˣеĻϸЩڵʯ֮䣡
һ˿޴棬桰ġʧϵֱ˳еһУָԭ¡𣬡̾ײ߳ϣոڳǰһˮΣҲٴϷ
СȻҪǸ㹻ʱ䣬ɳպ󶨻һΪϧһУɿգ㲻ԺˣΪɣŵĹ򣬲ù֮ƾֵܵסģ֮һнΪˮһˡ
߳Ͽ󣬻үүΪ㱨ˣͷİɣүүʮĴۣҪһ˶ҪҲҪΪᣬʲôġ
Ũɢ֮ʣ߳ϵ۾ͻֱˣҪжͣǵ̺Ź֮ˮΣϽֻʮ֮ʱȻѿȻȥ
ˮһһ䣬ȴ꣬Ҫˮ棬ٱߣ

߳ϷҰްĿ𣬳ϵġȴǱ˿ǽ䱸߳ϣ£ҪӦҲ൱ѣ˵˿߳ȫ޷
¡һ죬߳Ѫ⣬һըɣǴָûô𻵣߳Ѫˣһ˿һ߳߳ϸ˻
ϻʧУǵˮ飬͵뵽ԼˮˮƽˮҲֻԽͣû߳ϵԼԼɱ
Ȼᣡ
ѵ˵Щˮƣǹɹ֮ˮƣ
ϱԼ뷨ˣܹоԼˮ֮ˮƣǹţȹ֮ƸεĹ֮ôҲأ
Ҫڶţ˵Ǻ𣿡ѹסоϲŵղҶסʱ䣿
ʮϢ
ʲô
ϾϢͲˣھȻʮϢʮϢʱ䣬Ͻ߳ػɱϼǧˣʵ䷶Χж󣿡
ԶһǧףӰ췶ΧָָԶǧҾľ䣬Ȼûжٲе𾪣ȳС
ϻһܣŪһʲô


1615 ֻСèըԼ
ƴɱĻļǽ˻Թȥˮܵ˲̫أǣԸļһԹȥʲô֪
ֻΪڵòѾ˵òֻ̬ʮСèһ죬˵Ĳǻǡ
˿ˣҡè裬Ȼǲȴ鲻ԽţΪǵǰ棬һֻӣצڿлţǾצ裡
ᣬǶûף⵽ô¶ֻ֪ʱӣСצǵĶͷϵһ£˵֣èèè
ǣǾͱè
˵ı߳Ǻǧٱһɾʵķõ˵ƣܹڼ̵ʱڻָܹ߳˴ȴΪҪģϻ뿴һˮƣ֤뷨
ϿòֺСڣС˯һȻ˲٣ǰҪצܱСھֱӽ˱Сèˡ
ҪˮҲϸˣϿתͣ㣬ܹ֮ٵǿʣôģ
ʣȻϴĪΣȷʵǿһ˿˿һƣܱĪܣҪӵ㹻ʣպĻֶһֱϡ
רԪģһγ֣ǽ֮ͨռ֮ʱ򣻵ڶΣζɽʱΣ֮ʱΧռ䱩ңĴΣٵʱ򡭡
һ飬ץסһЩؼԪеķ٣ȱһЩ·㾦Ķ֮󣬳עˡġϡ
ġġǰͬȴǴþˣģ᲻ҲˣϷֽšġŷıĶһһԺֱĳһ仰ﱧĲҲһһһһһܽ͵ͨ
֮󣬳ϵľȫָúܶ࣬Ѿֳ֧ϻȽ׵ġġЩķֽ⣬ŵڸռ˳ɲǣġͻһ
ʱ¡ը죬һӽǼ໤ľңըϣˣȫϲСڵһʱϵ켴ǵսǡ
ɢϵӰ¶˿ɡꡱһЦֻϻͷ棬ͷըþһһ·ҲҪжƣɨһȦվǰף¶ǸӰ׵һЦ˵˵⣬û¶ҵƤһ¶ûУһǸøȥɡ
СԾϵĻ˵ʲô£ʱҡȻҶɢˣֻǵȥʵû¶𣿡
ûеģҪ㿴
Ц˵־Ҫȥ鿴һۿҪϵԺĪػһ˲䣬ͨ죬Ҳȥ鿴ˣת̤նȥһͷˮĳϣըӦҰɣôˣô죡ǲ֪뵽һ
ջĿ⣬ҲȥԼŸղŵһĻġȷʵˣҵĲƾ֪ˣɳܹģǾңǳԼ
桮ġĿ꣬Լ
óϿЦѣԼǰ̫ˣңڱġġˣҪȻҪһĿûСڵĻֻҲ˵
þܶʵ飬ĸԵЧ
ţ׼ڲƵľмУһת˺ռѷ죬СԾ˴ԪУٴþŵġţӿγһ֣ԷһȻǡġܸ첻˺ǱըǸģе㡭
һΣϲĲλķƳɷ棬˸λͬʱתĲλһ֮󣬳˱ըϮ׼
Ȼûб
һϢϢϢȥˣġûз
ʧЧˣ
һʣͻɫ䣬Ϊо˾ʹУӵ˺󣬸ովλãͱը֣ΧĴԪƵĴηɽ
ô¶ʮ˵ʱģϢ֮ŷãֻǣⱬըĻʩ֮ˡ˵ס죬Ÿովһ˰죬˵ԣʩ֮ˣʩ֮ڻʱվλã
뵽⣬ЦˣĻ˱ıģóģ֪ˮĵзı֮ģ


1616 ͬʼ
ײŪ˱֮󣬳ϲŶԷȤĿǰΪֹҲڷģȷʵռ˷һ󲿷֣Ĳͬڷ
϶ԱȤȻΪģܽƵģҪոֱģžǽŲģĿģʱҲýһ
ҪоģͱҪʵ飬ʵ飬زٵľǾǣڳϵľתתָҲ̫죬ﲻԪҺʱضȡãҪϸüһΣҪġıʵ飬ϵʱ䣬͸
мһοʱ䣬ϵȻ˷ѡ
ûȥҩڵʵ飬ʵ飬׼΢ӺҪģ
˰ʱ䣬Ͻڵ󷨣ڻͨһ飻־죬ռ֮ͷɣ֮Ѱҵǵͬ㣬вͬ㣻ң͸뿪֮ʱǹͬодµĵá
˾ʣµҩȫ˵ҩС֮󣬲̽һ¾΢Ƚϳ㣬˱조ˮġʵ顣
ǾŵƣһĲλƷתˮֱӱ˱˸λתˮֱ
Ľ롰ġ͡ġĽûκϵüͷֻˡġĲλƷתȴһûУΧ˸λתҲˡ
조ġˡ
֮˽ľַĵıʵ飬Ǹͬ·ÿһֱģһֶصıҵһĳϣԽ
ľúܣϻ˲ʮзģͿˣϽ۸¼ʽָϸǸɣʮƽӣװȡϣͽ׵ķʼơ
˵Ȼͨں֮ľңĶʲôȭͷزϵҲһ¯ӣǿ½ǳʯ
ҹͣʱһЩССŵѾֻСèֻСèֻ߳µļǺţģǸսԼһСڵצӵԺèûô¶㲽˵ĺ󳾡
СսҲ֪սС˵ʲôСڱžֻèսһ뿪Ҳ֪СڸһѶϢ˵ȥҵԵġ
һƾСڵʵֻҪֳ̬ģһ࣬ǻ治СڵĶ֣뵽СԱһͱȽУҲȥˡ
߳һ½˱è߳ˣѵֻкܲԸˮǿˮǿ֪Լӹһ٣˿ʮ𾪵ؿǰһͨɻˣȴǷǳͨһʶģʶ̹ģˣǳϡ
û½ϢȥΪ֪ҳϵ˻ʲôϵǳϵĵˣѣʵúܣ֦ǣȻص֮üһв֮ٿ
ǳϵĵˣ
ӿɱȻϢû͸¶ǣȴЩ½ߣǳһնɱϢ˳ȥˣ˵˳ųԽű챦˵ٵĵҩܹ̰ģûУͼӴ׵˳ȥСһĴڣȴ˿û
Ǻڶ̶ʱڣв˲˴۵ȥ½⣬ܵҲ˵½ֵģҲߵؾͨ
ȻѰҳӣͼڴ½绨ѩţֶ֮Сݼǵ罺ĵزӲû룬ҪϷø˼Ҫʵˡ
󲻾ãӱСݼ˵˷һżЩ֣Ҫȥ̽һ̼ΪСݼͬˣɽˣ¼ĸˡ
֮أָĳʵо֮ѪħϢӼĲ²⣬㰵Ѱź֮ˣȻһ˶̸۵֡ϣ˹ڻѪħǳսΪֹѾȷţԺǸгϵйϵ뿪˼֮أȥ


1617 ʮǧ
һɫף˳ϵУڻʧɫ׵ˣеػεڸ½֮䣬ַ⣬ţʵʵؿţţ͸׾ȷʵǷͬһĸܡ
˵ţǰ洫С㣬ȾңҪɱң
ŮһɨһŮˣǾ֮ɫʧɫԼǧ״׷ͷλ˸׳ﻹС椣ٶ£Ȼһץˡ
仰ͱѣŮһߣִ£źݻĴ󺺣ֱӳһغľ̿ʣţ壬ˣܡ
ﻹܵˣ飬Ȼ󺺱ܣŮ˱£һ̸֮˻ͨŮӳԼΪŮ˵Լ˼
֣֪٣һ·ͬˡ
½ϣζűܣ鲻ԽߵһŶУڹչŰپʮŸ֮ζһϣŵľǻ𣬶Щ𣬱Ǿֹζ󣬾;ҵҡ𾪲ѵζиܵϲ֮顣
ΪľľлҸպҲǻľ˫ԣĪǴ˵е
ζʱͻظо춯̴ģ˵̣ζҲͷԣôܽأ
أ̵춯ҡһζоĳڴߴǰߣԴˣζܿܣ֪⾿ѣ
ζƴѹǹңϥڵĲĳָġζûעĵطϸµǶԻľ˫㣬ʼת
ʱ˿̣ĳϣҲšΪϸҾٵټϳԼʵܸߣܹúԶԣֺܿ죡
˽µʱ䣬ϽһӵϣʮǧƷķȻֻʵЩˣرЩǳϵһɵģ
˿ѳɵɽ𾪣⻹ѵϢ𣿾Ǿģ˸ǿֻҲ˰ɣ
ǿĳϣһֱȣٱרעޱȣԴÿһԴԼİһ廨˵֪ϴΪʲôôǿˣȫƴġ
˵ƴģ㻹ûм
˵һ֮˴𾪡塢ĽȵȥȻҲʼ˷ˣﷳˣֻҪһɽͻһƬͷʮ㡣
ļĥŴﶬŽ廨ŵһűţİұչأҲͬһʱ˵Ϊȴ͵ˣͻأĳһ죬СΪһ鲻֪ʯʯ֣ڵνѪ֮󣬱ʯ淢
ϻȭֻ˳һɽȴ֪ƵЩһͬ棬óϽĳЩǹ˽ȥ󷨣ָ󷨣֮Ϊؽ׼
֮Уջ񣬳϶Խ֮ĸԽԽ봴ԼĽ֮ѾԶֻǻҪһɳûлȥһľйĸ۹ˣһԴ
˽֮⣬Ʒٲ˻𣬳ԤеڶλپҪ٣ԴˣϵЩϣڶλøһЩкô
⣬Ϸ֣ʱԾĻָа꣬ҲõԼظоǿ˲٣
ȷʵЩۣˣϾĵʵ飬»ǰ۷ʱŨʩչġҲ谭պã߳Ҳָ
ȥѺ߳ϵ·ϣ֮ˮƣ֪֮ΣǲҲˮƣˮƣһƵˮƣٵܵĻҲ֤
ڶŵĹ򣬵Ҳʩչɵǽ֮򣬳ĿǰҪˮ֮򣬺ܿ죬Ͼ߳ϵĹѺ֮ء
˼棬Ƿۺ죬߳ϽкţҪɱУնɱ˵ҪĹ֮Ĺ֮ûȫ̤룬ɱңֻҪʩչڶŵĹұ㹻ʱ䣬̤ţǸʱ˵ɱң
˻棿
бҪƭ𣿡
ã
߳Ӧ£ǲ֪ϵĿģҲڵȴᣬ߳ҪʩչڶŵĹʱɫһݣ˵һ¡
ȴǣ˯еˮ꣬ѹˡ


1618 ̤ڶ
뷴ڣ
óϵĻϵı飬߳ϵǻȫԼ¶æ󺰴Ϊϻҡͷȴϳϵ˵ͷ˵Ҳɣ
ҲҲʲô
ġ˼ֻûй߳ϵǿľ;۾ֱֱסߵһѪ⣬ӽʵʻĻ塣
ʱ߳ʧָ̬ˮ꣬㡭
ˮɻأ
㡭
벻ҲܳΪˮ߳ϣˮȷʵ˥˲١
־ܣȻ
ȻҪ
ˮһЦʱǵѪķΧѾظռӴӣ˫ȴӣˣϻѪ棬Ѫܣǻָ˲ʵ
ϵȻˮ꾡ػָʵһˮ˲ָ۷״̬ҲóϵĿƼһ֣ˮСƽ֮ʵԽߣԺԽкôϾĶ֣ԽԽǿˣҪȻҲ˵ҲɡĻ
߳ϻûлعˮתԳ˵ˣҺôˮʵȷʵǿˣеġˡ֣ȴӹˣþ֮е߳϶˳ҲЩ֣ˮһۣ֪ˮ˵ġôʲô˼ˮɻزˮ֮ĺ󳾡
ˮɻҲŵΣյζڵȴǷˮ꺰ġˡϣôˮ߳ϣȻŹĩ֪һν֣ǣһˣôͳСӵأ
˼˼Ϣʱ䣬˵Ӧ֪ɱˣǽʧܣˣƾͲôýˣ
ǵģˣҵĿҲˣ
ˮŹζŸм֪ˮɻضԴãҪ£ɴᶼûᣬǹܲܳܵסĴ
ãȻѾˣͽ㴦ˡ
ȳϼ˵ȥˮ˵ˣ꣬ٴ
Ҳá
ϻ֣ˮɻ˵ְɡ
֮ǰҪֵ߳ϣȴǲˣǾ֣ܶһӣղųǸ̸һ
һӾͿˮɻص뷨˵һ̫ʴˡ˵ֱ꣬ӵѪɫ壬ڵĳϣʵѪɫ巢Ӹܡ
ˮɻоѪӿֱҪŽˮɻɫһӱѪ죬һһѪݣȫѪ
Ϸ֣Ϸˮ߳ϣҪϷ򣬺
ˮˮɻصĻʲôˮӻΪ㱨𣿡ˮɻѪ춯Ҫٲ֣ҪѪˡ

ˮɻһ󺰣ڶŵĹйϼ״ûͣѪɫ壬Ѫ̼ͣѹ֮£ܹӳ
Ϣˮɻ˫ֳһͷĴϾŵ׼ãȳ֣ܱ
ʱͷͣ͡
һοչˮţֻϴεǵˮеˮţС˲٣⣬ˮλ֮࣬һǣͼ˸
ʮϢ֮䣬ˮȫչӡ˳ԺǰԹ֮ĸ򣬸ͷˮȻ֮УȻ֮ˮȻʣ֮⡭ϸоԼ֣Ѿߵ˵ڶϣֻҪ˫һƣܹ棬֮תΪ֮⡣
ûлȥţǰͷеˮƣֻˮɻĹ֮⣬ʺڳϣµΪĹ֮뵽ˮ֮ĳһӱֱ任ͷеˮλá
һĹ֮ȴӵʱ䣬ӣˮɻͷһֱڡġ֮УҲԿϵľ˲١
ջ֣ɢͷ͵ױʮϲܣͷϣӲһóɫԷףȴûκθо㣬һѿͷؾ£طһ
ˮȻʣԭ㣡
ͨ͸ָϲղѵͷֳǰ뱩֮ǰһģһǣˮƣȴԭģЩˮڲͣر任ţʲô
ϲˣ̤ڶţ
ˮ깧һЦҪ˵ʲô洫廨ϴ磬ˣһɱڵӡ


1619 űһ
ɱڣ
ϳһ£ԺһĶ֣лЩҲûӰӣˮʱҲţˣЩֻ˭
ֻ֮䣬Ѿ¶Цݣʲôԭȥ֪ǣЦãպ̤ڶţȥɱڣһɱ
תͷ϶ˮ˵ɣָʵ
ǣˡ
ϵͷˮɻ˵ͷ㣡һָͷ䡱һˮɻϣϲѪɫҶˮɻѪӰ죬ܷʵˮɻȻ𾪡־ȵɻûнʩչȥͷ
ϣˮɻظռųʵ൲ʱըˮɻرҵѪ죬֮ʣˮɻصˮ춣Ĺ֮ſס
⣬ҼǸͷ
ˮɻڿ𣬳ȻǲˮɻصķӦֱȥ廨罫ˮ꿴ǧٸʣȴʲֻܲһ̸ų˳ȥ
ˮ꿴ųϵıӰʵ۾ת飬Ȼûȫָ䶼ȫҲٵţǣЩڴ˵ǰͲֹѷɫһˣǴҹϵӣҲǱȲϣ˵ģ䣬ȷʵһʱʵأ
̾ţˮͻػһšӡ˾ű飬һһأǲظѪӿȡƺ뵽ʲô޵
ˮɻأھ֮УȴȻڵأ֡򡱣Ĺݣˮɻ뵽Щţǰȷϣһȴǽˣ뵽ǰ˵Ĵ˵еľ͵ؾɢˣסز˵ҴˣԸΪκ£
ǾѪɣ
ˮԺţһѽˮɻץסҲˮʲôˮɻصӾͿήѪʧֻʣһɸɵƤҡ
ϲ֪⣬ȴССسһüһɱڵĿɲһʮˣΪϢŨòУȴǸΪ˿
ļǣڽҪģ棬ʮ˶ţϵһԶֳһߵǰ棬ɨ۹ȥʮ˶ߣΪ͵ģ澳ͻأĿ˸һ£һƽˣϵĿӣЦһЦϸоЩ죬һЦĿջأǰվŵĻӣָųϣȵǳϣ
һ˵ǳڷŭԭ򣬶תһɳȴûһֱӰѻһߣӵɫȻڼǱü˭Ҫ棬֪½Ȼ˸˲ӡ
Ҫʱ򣬳תͷҪ³ĻһͣϽһ˵ͷһƷǳƷ·ѥӶƷ
˵ţӾͱؿͦø߸ߣб۶ųϣ귨ȥˮɻأһ糾͵ζһ࣬Щƾɡ
ģڻӵȫ벻
ϵװƷһ󣬳ϸ̾Ǯ˰
ûĻ𣿡
ӵ˵һװɲֻҫô򵥣дõģƴɱ֮аæųѹųϣ벻սˡ
ȴ΢΢һЦһЦ֮䣬оԼѹҲѹȥѹˣֽй廨廨˵һЩ廨ﲻͣصͷЦݡ
廨ߵһߣʮָ裬Ϣ䲻б㱻һ֣ߣűһ
ʮ֣
ӵ˿һʱ䲻ˣǹЦЦɲһ㣬Цһ𣬶ʱɳʯ׶Ҫǣʮ֣ʼҡ
廨ŭѣûп澳ȻӦԵЩЦɫ˲ˢףҪ֧ŲסʮҲҪʱһ룬廨پˬʮ̩ɽǸˣЩЦڴ˷ţ廨ﲻһŭʮָٷ
Ѿ˲ǾЦٵʮ֣Դ֪ߵغСӣѵѵĶ⡣
廨Ϊȫûзȴϣʮֻǲҡһ󣬱㰲Ȼƾôʹ֮ɢ
廨֣ǻˣ¶Ĳ廨Ҫ廨ɥ


1620 Ǿ
ɱ
۾һȻ֪ǰЩڴʲô⣬ǸˣҲЦ뻪ֿЦȫͬ΢ЦȤӡ
˭УΪʲôû
Щʣȴûͣ£ȡǿǳʯڵĳϣȻǳʯᣬýóûġ
һ˿ʽǲ֪Ҫʲôȴ˳ǿʯͷЩ⣬ǵı֮ɫŨˡ
һҲǣǿڲʯͷʵټӲҲصȥϻôҪôʵҪװġ
Ƕܱӣʮ˵ǰװ
ֻˣ۾ǿʯͷ΢Цϣ˼飬뵽ʲô˼֮ͱ𾪡
ϽĨҲѾӴָȡϣǳʯͷϣ㿴ңҿ㣬׳˼ȴȵСӣǰ滨ȼѪ
ӱȽϿ޷ˣҲɵһָܹѹҲмֱµģԣҪѪĿ꣬ǳϣ廨ϣ磬˭ϴ
£ӽЦθ˼㣬еѹ׼廨Ȼһ˵û̺򣬿ǶԵ˼廨˵Ѿ㹻Ѫˣ
û֣廨ܵѹҪɳø죬ЩѹǱزٵģЩѹҪʶȣһķΧ֮ڣǳΧǿɾҪѹûˡ
ϵⷬ˼֪ģֻΪˣȻϱֳϵЩֵֹζɳûгάԼˣȴʵʵġ
ģĪڻӣЦѪˣһҾŻһ仰ʮЦ͵ɱϢиһ˼ҪǣҪ¶ˣô˵һ֣ǻЩɵģǣǾͲһˡ
ʱһȭϣ
𡪡
ԴƵʮ˵ЦͻһͣͺǺˮȵʹʱˮһӱ˱ǵĺ
һȺɱڵˣȻǲʹ˷ģҪʮʰǰСӣǰţˣЦ
ǡ𡱵һ
Цͣءȴͣ٣ϵȥʱšž䡱ʮЦЦֻܸĳɴС
ȻЩӣɱ˼Ҵܣ׽һ㣡
ȻУȭͷûϵܻǵĹؼλϣоʹⷽоϱǿǿˣ˵Ҳû򣬿һƽƴɱǵʲôãƣͻѾ㹻ˡ
廨ȫûѹϸһĨЦݣղǹѹϮ֮ʱ廨ֻĸоأĥһ廨ضоڻ֮ŨʱںһȻһ֣ǣ֮ǰˮ˵ó̫࣬ϣ
֮£廨ʮָٶУ֡
Ǹˣ۾ϵȭͷôʱ俴ҲһãϰȭͷãڶЩԾȵǳȥȭͷƺ⡣
𡪡

磡
顪
һйƽ
顭
಻ϵʮ˵ԽԽŲȥеģѪʮϢȥʮҲһƴǴܣǺȥǣȭҵٱƴȥǾͲǱ鿩Ǹˡ
ʮղŭӺȵСӣǳˣΪȹǣ޵ˣ㣬ǵʵǲܶסģ
һȭ£֮켴ѹ룬ѾֻаƴĽ飬һӱ˰Ѷ̽̽˵ǾƵĵһ
ˡ
ʮԺﶼôһϣ۾Ҫж죬켴ֱŭɱӿǶѳٶƣ
Ҫ廨ĵڶ֣ȫգ
ȻǣҿЦߣ汦ʮ


1621 ֳ
д֣ޱȣرǶʮֱʾ˼ǿţʵЩۣ˭ҲûнЩ֣Щ˼ϣЦǿһűʮ汦ǵϵʯͷУȲ˵ûУУôó
ֻǣЩЩܹȵظգɽ
ʮˬģǳǼֻŷƷ׵ķ˼ҸûнղŵҲûнʮ˷˼ŪЩֻ˳ֶΪˣ˼ҵĿģ
ȷ룬ϲŲΪǶԼȣʱǷǳģô˷Щ˵ϣǣܹܹЩɱڵһѿֶֺΪأ
ǵɱӿŭУóһϣϲϡģͨ켴һȭȥϲ˵ԽԽãҪУԣҪ
ӱĸξ㻯ɨһ۽άŴֵ廨㻹ֶܼʱ䣿ϺȵСӣҪűһ
˵ţָ̽ץһʯ飬άʯ鲻飬άҪʯͷö࣬Ҳö࣬ĺ壬ȴӽʯ鳯ȥǹűҪӺˣ
һ֣ЦǾ˸ղŶӣ
ϿҲδֳȭȻûϣȴץʯ飬ɫ⣬ڳϾҪץסʯ˲䣬һ֣
˭֪ʯͷóʲô˺ȴܹһѿܹôҳһڶ͹ˣȻǿʯͷûӦȵץС
ܣ
һͣɲôȣʯͷûжѾЩˣǲ֪˸ġССʯͷȻǱˣץסʯͷƣ˵ⲻǹű
⻰ЦЦȴĲ
Լٱð䣬һȣҪűУʯͷ㣡һʯͷȴԱ֮ǰٱٶ򻪷ӣѾѿ
ʯͷȻˣһӾͶˣ˵ҲûˣһʯͷܰôأȻʯͷΧһȦڲԾûз
ʱʯͷϮɢһȦ貵Ļ⣬źը쿪ӸϽϵķһ𼤷Ȧһһ㻤ס˻ӣͬʱӻЦʯͷƵÿô𣿡
䣬ۡȴĹȦһһرѣŵĻӱ˸ֲʯڻϣը˸ͷ棬Ǳʮ֣һҲˣõģҲûʲôˣµסܡ
ȻûˣɳĻŭʮ֣嶯֮£ֱϳ֣ǺȵСӣɱˣ죬ȡС
ֵģˣΪߵһ澳˳Χ֮ƣļǾҪǰϽֹס˵ңû˵
һͻˣ
˵꣬ͻֳŸӰһͣٶۿȥȴһֻӣֻСèֻһ˳ϵļϣֻСè򷴽˸Χ
èΧˣ
ʣ˿ûпЩè˱ģЦһЩСèСҲ˷ʰǵˣٰˣϣ֣
˼˳ϣ˺ѷ죬ŨŨ֮ƣռҲͳһѷȥ˵Ƕ࣬ó֣÷ܽ
뽫أ˴˿̵Ҳˣɱ⣬Ŀȴǳϣˣֻˣȭǳнȥĳϡ
ͬʱֻСèҧˣ澳ǿֻ߱Сèչˣϼĵˮ֮ޱ֮⣡
֮⣡
֮⣬Ϊ𣡡
Ϊô̤ڶţ

̺Ż֮ˮ֮򣬹ȻϬռ䣬ɫâĹ֮ƣȫˣѷ죬ȴ³֮ӿڣ
Ϣǰһݣͳһѷ˳ȥʱվڳϼͷСڣſС졭


1622 ˵
Сһţˮ㣬СڵٱըŷɵۣԺﻹصһ㻹жٷһӳ
СڣȿȴСھצıƣʱŭܣɶӣҪ˵;죬Ҳ˵ȥղŭ֮ӳȥķͬСڵ졣
ô෨Ҫһըһ澳ǿߣҲֲ˺ãǣֻɱӣȴһˡ
ɨۣѾˣЩСèסǣڲȴû¶һһȭһȭš
ƶΪŭȴҲףƾı£Ѿò³ϣ£ֻôһˣˣϣ˵Ҳһڳ£ѵ׼ŹС𣿻塭
һк˲ˣȺҲӿһ˫üߣһ̤ȵϣŵӳУնɱģ
ҵϵӵ׳ǷУ
ҽĳ˵ֶӣնɱ
һնɱ

ˣʮȫߵվ˳ҪֶԸϣȻֻʣɱɱ־ǳϣ
Ŀȷʵɱ˲ߣɾûô࣬иɻ󣬡Щô֪УֱԵľҡ
滹ֽţ
ð仰ʱ뵽֪ģУлʣµȻˡ
תʲô⣬ǰʽвϳС׳ɱǶԼͷϣ۾͸¶ģɲǷŭޣǳϤ̰֮⣬Ȼ˺ܴ棬ȷЩ˻Գϲġ
Ŀ֮һ
Ŀ֮ǾЩʮڲͬĴ½ɣм壬ԼҪǽǰЩȫˣ൱ڵպ߳½أ׷ɱ
ģҾ˷ѵģ
Цݣһ䣬ˣʵأûио˵ɱҲûпĿе̰Щ͡
Цȿ
ȿ
ɻһ˶ɻˣûнϣۼһ½ϣʲô赲סǵģϲУ˲УҲУ
ЦɱһЩûɱô࡭
ٽƱ磬ɱģ
ǾɱİɣҪΣ
ΣʶģԾǻܸһȫʬȣϵ˵ԾʲôҪһ£

ɱҶᱦֱ˵ˣ
һͣûϵһӾͰǵͼˣȻ˺ƤҲͲڣ˵һ
ʮ汦һűԶһȥ

һһ㡣
Ѱ·ˡϴȳУȵ֮⣬ضһ£ҡĿɲǵأܵգƴܴĴѹ
δбۿȥŵʱٶȾѾѭʹѾͨһѭȽϿ졣
һŹܣһЦɱϷ𣿡
Ϊβң
ϷǴųϣ۷徳ΪȲ˵ܲɱϷ򣬾ʵָɱϷɱϷǾΪУűػὫأԣһٸӣҲң
˵𣿡
ˡ
ȥɣ
ƾ
ϴЦţӰͻضˣϻûв׽ӰټʱϱƿܣţͬϵĶȭ
ۡ
ϵѪŽǰĳϣ۾ȫǲ˼飬󣬵ͷȥǳֲֻĵﲿλ
ʹ
ϸоĽ٣عⷵһ㣬̧ͷųϣ촽鶯㡭㡭ġҡɱҡ
˵أ
һЦֳ˳ץһϵеԪˣϿûӦֱӷۣȥϹϵķָȵȱϺתͷ˵Ҳôųϣȫ£ϴָģ汦Ʒģͷֲˡ

һ


1623 
ȫһļž
֮ǰһֱӳϣûϷ־ֹ̬Ÿַŭϣɱǣһߵﲿλһ󶴵ϣĬˡ
۾ӿ𾪣ڳϵʵڳĸ֣ǱϾǴŵĳϣ澳۷ΪֻΪ
Խնɱ
۾Ե̣Ǿʹȥǲܵģһ˵岻סǣ˼ܱסԼһҪõ챦
ϣ̤Ųӣȥ촽²ѣȥ˻˵㡭վסҿɲ㣬ҲԽɱˣ
Ŷ𣿡
¶ȱ飬Щһ󣬱˼𾪣ǱģúգɱȥѴңֻ˵Ȼǡ
ʵԽɱΪߵߣһ澳ߣԽնɱ׼ȷ˵÷նɱӳһѷ澳ǿըͷĿѣȻŻնɱ
֮ǰǰҲΪڶ෨ǣ񷨱ҲˣӳٷûãȫֻӸ˹ȥ
ðɣԽɱˣǱһȣ˭ԽĽ׸࣬
Ц˵һ󲽣Ϊߵ϶һȭˣοʧȥ˷ƵϱȣѣĻ֮£뵽ʲô˵ʲôϣ㲻Ҫ⣬Ѿ˴ţٵң֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô
֮أ
ҪҷŹ㣬ֻʲô
⣬ŲһͣΪϷ۾ŹңҲ֮أ˳󣬻ţܣ
ȴ˵ܼȥҪܡ
ܽĻͻٻ𣿡

Զȴ͵شܵǰˣȴԼˣֻó˵澳ΪܵϣǴжǿȫɳɱңкξ壿ͬģ˰׳յ㣬ҲܵʲôҸɱҾ͸ҽţ
ʮġΧŵ仰ˣֻ˼ɱд޵ĸоǣ޶޲
ġġģġıʵ飬û˭֪ʱֻʲô״һһʵŲţ
ôҲţ
϶ˣٲſ϶Ҫϵĺ󳾣ϧﲻ˵һŭӣǲˣȻ
ᣬǱѾֻСèס澳ǿߣǧҪסƣһ֣նɱҪʲôֵôһϣֻ·һҡ
ⷬ˵󶯣϶˵ҸһᣬҪǲסǾֻ·һˡ
˵꣬˻ǳʯԣ
ʱʮһΧɱٶȲ󺰵ʮն
ƾɲ
֮⣬錣

ǺɱУɫ΢䣬Ҫ֣ɿޱȵӣӲֹס˲ӣ廨ȴǼǺòҪô۸һ

˵Ҳһأղ˵ɣΧɱɲģҲҪƴ˵֮䣬Ѿͬʱ˫ǳʯ˵㲻ϲʯͷʯͷ͸棡ڶڶȻһ𣻻һٲ£˵ˮ֮򣬸𡢰֮⣡
˶ûϵϳ˿죬ͣңЩûмģٲڲϢڶܣţĳ˵ĵڶعڳˮ֮˲ѡ
ƿնǳʯʮնѾȫնǳʯȴһ¶ûУȻɿײдš
˲䣬Ǵϲʮն֮ǿʯͷˣ˵ʯͷһ㣬ȻҪ֮Уܹɱ骡
£з˫ǳʯץȥ


1624 ˣɱ
ʮָץʯץסʮָꡱ
ϽҪȥȴ֣ٶȣȲʯٶȣ֣ʯƺӲ֮⣬
Ӳ
ķȦɲǼȫѣı£ҲѳƬֻǽӴһɲǣ˴ˣʱףΪʲôóʯͷʱ򣬻ôԭ˼Ҳװģʵãȷȷʵʵʯͷ̫ˡ
ңǳʯſˣôͣסŲϼ״ֻСèצӣץѪ֮УϽɱþȫǳʯϣ
ϧƴȫȻ赲סǳʯĳƣоԼظ߹ֱײ֮һ£ŵСʧˡ
ʱһӶӳ£ֻǲͣؿ޺ʯͷͣ£ǾȾңȾҡ
Ȼæ֮⣬˶ܲкθϵնɱϣ֣ؼģ
ͬʱϼٲСֵĶٲѿˡ
УܣҲ
ڶתҲϻˡ
ϼЩǴУˣķѵҲޱȾˣԪҺӿҲоɫò԰
ټϣʮ߼ɱУɲѵģ֮£ϵԽΣ˼״ʱҿӰѾСӲˣ
СӣϷΪжԭҲˣ
Ϊ޵е𣿾ȻһƴɱϷѵѵ֮ͽ

һĳˡųǵƣԽԽʢˣǵĸ߸ͽıγĶԱȣ˶ڴڵؽѪëǱǳʯѹģ
ϿǹøȻ帺ɺأȴûа֮飬ָٲڶ
ʱ¡졣
Ǻڶ˲٣ȴȻСӣըɢֱһ˱˿ȥ͹ȴҪһʱܣѹѪ˳
ͬһ˲䣬һҽУȴֻСèצӲǵѪˮ֮ʹһɣǳʯͽѹ˵ϡ
һѹȸѹ˷ĩĲҽнĿ˹ȥ˿к˸оһǵˡ
ųϣֱң
ŴθᣬȴҪ
ҪʲôҶ㣬һűʮ汦ҶֻҪң
ˡ
٣һԸ࣬űУҷģ鷳ҲᡭΪᱦ㾳ء
˵ˣû𣿡
ңԹ޸ϣһᡭ
̫ˡ
ϾһŶأ֮ǳʯϣǳʯһҡΣǰһȦһȦ֮ʲôˣеģֻһѪ⣬ЩĶ
˵һնɱϵ˼͸ˣų˵Ҳˣɱˣνĺ

ųϵĻһЦˣ˵ǲԶԽ½ΪɱңΪҵıҲ˵ĺ𣿡
һ⻰ɫûбһ£ĳ˵ɱֶӣ
ɱ
㡭
ĳָųϣŭһԭ˲ңҲˣ˷ңĪʲôΪʲôҶʮۣ
ô˵ҲҪ㸶ʮٱۣ˵ˣȫɱˣų䡣
һȻ˵˭ҪǸɱһˣŵģҾţǼģҾ壡ⷬ˵ļ˴Ϊ𶯣ǸҲǵͷѡ
ųϸоԼһƱѹת˵εˣҶˣԣǱ뽫նɱȻԺǽ
ĳǵͷͲѣʱƻҲˣҪ֣Ͻüһ˵Ҳһˣ
һļӰ׷վڳɱȻųϻһۣЦǣ
ļǵĵųϣûзֳϼϵСڣצӡ


1625 ʵǶè
ȷʵ㲻һˣЩ⣬㻹һֻӣһȺèųϴ˵һǹЦǶþʲˣȷʵ˫ȭҲѵְ
ȴޱ˵ʵǶè

è˵˭è

˽ŭųϸһȣɱ
ɱ
ȣƺƴɱ죬ųϾҪɱУȴоһɹޱȵֱͷԺ˺֮ᣬ̱è
߳ĵųϣһֻè
Ҫɱȥˣɵۣе飬תǸˣڽעӳתƵСϣͻ֮ڸղôҵĺɱ֮Уֻӣһֱڳϼϵģһ˶ûܡ
ʶһ㣬ųèͻĳȥǼ򵥵ˣһ֮£Ÿղ׼ɱУͶ˽ĳˣսߣȫûз⧲֮£Ѫˣ˻æ֣׼ųϺɱȥ
һ˲䣬С۾ͻתһ£ЦݣצӻӶɫâ͵ؽų֣£ųִèˡ
ųèʱʶҲģ״̬һָ˼άѣȻͿ˶֣澳Ϊĵų׼ҹҲֻĶӡ˵˵ں׼عϮųϾֱӣ
Ѫ裡
˵ųвĽĳǣȴôҲ˲Ŷһʱ䣬˾Ÿһ£ٿСڵĿ⣬˸ſ־壬ǰġ
ʱ˳Ǿ仰ʵǶè뵽仰˾ѣǱֻѩӻǶһֻè
ˣ±һֻèٱͬɵ
ʱСצӣָߣ׳ͣҪ
Ҫ
һʣҪʲô
ãá
͸Ͻָıͳǰ̧ͷųϣϼû͵ƣʵûˣ
Ҿֻż
㲻ʶЩ𣿡ϷʣͻŵˣľֻЩҲûжˣ㡭Ҫ̫
һЦҴˣϧֻһֻè
䣬Сڵצӣ;ͳһֻèˡؽ˸Ͻ룬ųٴǷ
ͬʱ˵Ŀ⣬ҲôᶨˣǵУųˣ˭èһųϵĽ֣ǸҲôߵˡ
У˵Ǹǰ׳գǶǰ׳գҲ֪ǴõɱģϻرϢֻ֪Ǳˣ˼ҵǹʹˡ
˲⡣
ǵõϢʱ򣬿õֻӵϢһʣô󲿷˶Ȼʱߺ޲ѣŴϢˣһ˵Ҫҷǵýʮ˶Σ
Ц㻹ԶˣǸˣˣȥ𣿡
һ㶣ܹۼһռνа壬ȴа壬ǲˣϽǱ֮۵ףǿƣ˸ʶ
ˣǶǱƻģʹ˲С˹Ĺǰɣ
ð
ģ
Ȼģֲǵ˵ȻоԾϵЦȴ鲻ԽɢɻûȵЦݿһ˵ֻǱèѡ
ˣԸóʮ汦һű
ˣҲԸ⡣

˷ҲǲܹóȺȹǰѹ˵ǵĿ⣬Ѿͬ׼ͬ
Ѿó汦óΧ߸ͬʱȥƴɱ𣬵һأȴɱˣ˵ЩˣΨͼԣɱ
ǻôģһ£ĥʯþ̫ϧˡЦ˵Цݣĺ˵Ҹоⳡ粨ôõˣҲǰЩԣǳΪèǷǳбҪġ
˵ţȺУеûвƴɱ׼ӣʩչطҪٶ뿪𣬾Сڸè
һۣ˾ֻè
ʣµ˼״Ҳ⣬ʵʵתͷƴɱˣңʮֻèҲǸΧӶӲˡ


1626 Ǽ
ʮֻèо̾ѣСֶΣġˣĻҪȡ˼ҾѪҪȡѪ̣Σء
Сڣһ£˱èֻҪè˾ͻСڿƣСʲô͵ʲôСڵѪħ츳ܶҪ̬
أüһ£ڵʶܺºһ;æСڣܶˣ㶼ܽè
ҵö˯Уʮֻè
ʮֻ㹻ˡ
ϸոһ䣬͵ʵûΪ𣿡
У̫ҲУҪǶԷ̫ˣһܱɣ
ɡ֣һӾͽ˵Сڣⳡ粨ˣʲôҪܣֻܳԣ˯ʱ˭Ҫ۸㣡
ԽҪԽ󣡡
ûϵȥң
˯ҲԽԽʮꡢһ궼пܣ
ô
ȷʵ˳ϵԤϣϽüһ˵СڣֻܣҲ˺ģ

С˳ϵĻĦԴЦţԺЩϹγ˸ĶСڳԣңǳѨҲҪٵķ١
ʱ˻Ѫһűʮ汦ϵǰ˵ˣҿ𣿡˵ţѾת񱼵ơ
ϣģȴǡԡ֡
ˣɻ󣬻æ˵ˣдĲʮ汦һűⲻǸպùɲ˵㻰
һűʮ汦ûж֮ǰǰҶ֣ԣǼˣҪűʮ汦ϵ˵ȴǷ˷һغܣֱҪҽűʮ汦ұһֻèˡ
˵þɳϲŲᵱ˵Ը
Ҫˣҡ
Ҫھжڣ֮УԸԳرһֻèǰƴɱŵǣ͵סˣ֪ǺãҲèҪèһżűĴ󺺣Թ㵽ҪŷŹǣ
仰ӦԼ
˵ļѾҺ˶֣ƴɱȻ˵Ǿ䡰ܹɱңͷ뿪Ļ
Ͽ۸е֣Ԫʯ棬󣬲һߣˣЦϣҴ˺ü
ǡ
Լˣܵߣ
ܵ
Ͽߣûп͸ߵΪȴ͵һ˵⣬ֱʵҲǴؾģ
ߵ˵ͷüɻЦǲǾҲô

ܵȴд󣬵ǣĴǲʹõģΪʲôġ߶ԳԽԽ⣬㣬Źʣ
ҵļҡ
˵һ䣬ߵͷЩߣüͷһ£˵粨ŸոտʼʮˣֻǵһϢѾԽԽЩ˶ɱģ챦˵ҵͻƹ֮磬ĶС
ɣԽԽã
ãӦþеķ緶һգضڲ֮ϣ˵仰ʱĿűʤϿ񣬲Ѫħ壬ȥߺʲôɫص˵ˣʲôԹ
ӣ
һ飬о֣߼˵ӷĻڸ½㣬Ѿ˺Щ꣬Ҹտʱһ
ң
ϻһʥʱˣߣæǰ˵еʹˣɰȫˡ
ЦҲҲʮֵİȫɡ
Ǻǡ
ųϣοЦţʵ˳ϵδҡҡͷ¶˿Цߴ󾪣ô¶˵˵
϶Щ²⣬ûȷתǳʯȥУֻĸûбèˣĸˣļǵĥʯ
ͬʱصҲŵ֪һЩжǵзѣ£˰ѹڳϵϢ˳ȥЦҪ˶ãӾͻõϢ˰ɣϣ㵨ӹȻӶǣҺúõػţҳȡ㹷
үүġƶĸ֣̤˻׳أ


1627 Ϸ
ͼڴ½СݼѾż̽ջ̽գӵİ֮£оգջ񣬵˲ؼҩ֮һĺö
Сݼϲ⣬Щʵٴ̨ףͼڴ½ܹ壻õЩҩ֮Ҳϲ⡣
һƬϲõĺ֮УӵЦҲžϷԽӺˣߴǸĿңһһȫµ壬ġ
˵ţ¼Ҵҵǰ˵ӣҵˡ

½ֳĶС½в½ȥ˵챦ʲôͻƵĹؼ
ЦԽԽʢ˵ΪǱߵĺϷû뵽ϷȻãʵ̫ˡ
ô棿
ûţȰϷźãˣϵĵףСеϣһ㶼٣ҺðⳡϷοʼ
ǣӡ
ӦȥСݼȥ˿񻶵Ķ飬ɽ˵ŵգӣüһ֣Ȼһֱȥ̽żղûзʲô쳣ٶǣоǸоЩԾ
粨ƽǰᱦߣȥʣµȫè
ˮֻèһʮֻèվǰ棬ЩݵƣֻǴżѵèУܹǵơȵ
Щϣ̵ܹģܹΪĶȫСڵĶӣ⣬Сڻ̳ϸƵĵҩҪؽ˯߳ɳ״̬
СҪȻ󣬼еĴӦСڣЯģ󲿷ҲСڵĶӣСڽ˯߻úԶսȻӰȥ٣ÿλܸСڴزٺöļ꣬ҲǸСĴѰҩ֮ࡣ
ҲŴˣÿ춼һʱ䣬ԪҺС̷Ҳǳ֮ƣϾÿ컹Ҫô£ݾʵ顭
Ҳ벼óܹǳܵǳֻϧϣ˴õһ״һЩ汦űͱˣЩϸ
ֻգ˷ųϢҪȻǵˣеӣ׼Ӵ֮˿ϢǵɼĶǾɾټҶΪֹͨؾģҲһС֣ģ澳
˵Ҫ봩ؾпҲҪ澳ΪȫҲңϻ˵ؾĳ봩ؾҪ˲СĴۡ
⣬׼ʱȥǱ󣬻ϴ޵ȵȸһˣΪСռ֮뵽С˵ڻֻڣϾѣεĸо
ϣЩܹϵҲýһȼü֪֮ߣûй֮Ϊġţڴע
ϻŷƷ׵ķõĲϣǰռĲ⣬бʮǧƷ׷ϽЩ¯
ʱȭͷû򣬻šҲֳƣ̾ʵڴžԺﻹؽ֮꣬ҪؽҪؽܹɳˣһɲ䣡
ؽ֮꣬رҪϻҪ󷨶̻ϣֻǣûͷ꣬ɽꡢˮ棬ȴϷ񶨣ؽԼ꣬ؽȻˣȻܸоؽ˿ϵȻ΢
뵽ˮףˮӦл꣬أûУĽܹԶ޸ڵİأûиоĴڰǼ״Ҳûио
أʱˮ굽Ѿˮɻȫˣǰˣ
Ͽˮ꣬Ѫ콫ˮȫǣֻʣͷֵĻ壬һԼɼѪܣһɼЩط⡣

˵ţҪˮջȥˮȴһţ˵Ҳٴڴ˵ˡ

ˮĿʣ˵ˣûв
ʲô
ˣ̽̽Լ꣬ٿľĻ꣬ʲô仯
ˮôһ˵ϻ淢֣̫æעҲطĹעȴǺ٣æ̽ȥϸϸ̽һ󣬳Ͼ׳ô


1628 û
ϲ̽ȥһоúǿ֮ǰ˺ų̈ףһ󣬳ٲ̽ľĻ꣬ü価Ի
ľĻ궼˺һЩ
ĻѾͦʱûʹùˣ˵ܱŶԡţˮ쳣˵ЩЩ׹˵˼˵ҵɽľˮĻꣿ
ˮصص˵ͷص˵֪꣬꣬ȫһ
ôһ
һ˵ΪǿǴ˵꣬ʱ޿̲ڱǿܴҪǣ˵껹ԡ
ˮ˵仰ʱ򣬻µĸоĥˮ˵Ļ²ţں뾫ǲ뾫ĳɳɳ⣬֮Ч
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ǿľ꣬ȴһϢʵ㲻ִ
ˣҿԴǸУ
Ĵ𣿡
ѹƲˣǶҼ洦
ϴӴнȡ۾ָӡݸˮ꣬ˮûȥϵѪڷӿţڿʲôҪ⣬ûע⵽ֻǿʵˣ֪÷𣿲ǽڷڷĻꡣ
Ļꣿ
ˮڵѪһȫֹͣ˼Уðκˮ˵ɷ֮꣬ȽϳɷĻ꣬ڻ뵽ʲôֻԼǵ뾫йء

ϻûͷˮ߶ţĳ飬Ŵһܹ÷ġ
ϣˡ
˵꣬˼һعˮ껹ûߣֿˮѪͣʵʲô𣿡
ˣ룬˵ܹ꣬УӦûᷢʱ䡣

һף˼תУԣкһһ˼룬ѾнľĻ꣬һˮˣСڻܰϴæ
ţȴˮڸ䣬Ҳǹ鿪ǵѪĵطץһѣһץץһѪˮ꣬͵ǰ˵ˣӡǣҶˡ
ûнӣղһû뵽ˮ꣬Ϊˮ£˵ˮܺңʱȥҸУڵ㣬ӦñøǿԣҸҪ
ˣˮǲ٣Ҹұ֤½ûбиǿˮˣˣһҪû㣬ҹѾǵƣܻڣңڵʵˮ꣬ɶӰ죬Ҫ˶ãҾָܻԣһҪ¡
ˮıֿޱȣһۣƴǣӹһˮ꣬˵飬ҼסˣֻҪһţͲ˺㣡
ллˡ
ˮ˵꣬ˡ֮Уϻ׼ǵλѪˮ꣬ˮƣˮŵľ󣬳
Ͻˮڽ壬һأֶ˸̽
ոһգ϶ʵжȹתۼ䣬һѹʮǧɵķɽС˽ķ֮һóϱȽǣһ£ȴûţԤеĵڶߣûˣǲܾʹ˻ȥ׼ʲô𣿡
һ£ͷ
ͬʱص£ɢܣԽԽǿҲԽԽˣôʱζֵܿסɱȴеͻأվȥζæܣ
ܴţҲͣ£þȫȴͣ£͵֦һӽܲס˻Ȼ󣬱ܵӾͱ档
⣬ζ֪Ȼд⣬ǣѣζӶԥأζ˳ȥһֻֽסһֹֻŻ
ֻǣζĹڻ̫ˣûûǻ֦ζ棬£ζоԼɿͣԽԽĸо
ʱڣζڵͽӽڿݽˣ˿̵Ѿ޻ܱ֮׵һߣЩ֦ζ
Ϣ䣬ζ֮һӣͱ˻棬ζزѪʱϸζµĶˡ


1629 Ϊ󽵣ӿ
µĲãǣһȫʵ廯ȵȶתģֹһһնĴ֡
ҡζоһɣɻûɶʱ䣬ѹӿζѣϵĲȻЧǣһΣµɱоͱһ룬ǿʶȥ
ԣʱ˿ֵ̣סĹ
ҲܾȥӻڵңӡζţɻĹȴԽԽףζ˿
ʱζһ𣬻ζĵ͵ײ˽ȥҪ̵ζĵǶһһľ㣬ת͸ζܣһӱ̾ȥ
ͬһ˲䣬Ǹڽζֳ̣һҡΣҡγˡؾ֮ζĻ֦Ȼζơ
ֻϧѣ
Ʋζ̺ܣԴԴϵرζе̸ǽסήԽԽС
ҡεӴ̶ˣζоĿ־壬оζںǰնĻ£֧ô꣬Ȼʲôģʲôġ
ǰǲĵģ
ҲŴӣζſ㣬ΪѶȣȴϣǳɾͿˣζϲ֣תǳϵİţҸЦݡ
˫ع֮£ֲ֧ܿˣҡΣٷֻǲͣزֹŷӣʧֻʣһĴָСĹʵζޱȣȴиڴ󺰣
ζҿ֮ൽгµ㣬ػŵӣʵȥһ̽ȥʵԶζĵ棬ľת졣
ŹʵСζԺͻӿ˺ܶ˼ǵͷʹʱٴʧζڣζѣЩ˼ͬʱζϻѪ֮ëȴ壬ھ̥ǡ
ҹ̥֮ɣľһЩҲøζۣûע⵽ϵۻ࣬ȴǾϲţǹ𣿡ĻζָһŻȻһţʯ֮ȴڷٱ
켴ζüͷ˵ҪԼĻ֮ʲôУ˵˹򣬾̤ʥ磬ڵΪôˣ˵ô¶ѵ𣬲ǹֻ֮ߡ
ζͻ뵽̵̣Ʒ˵ûУǴһʹô̶һͨĶˡ
ѵйأ
ζ²ţűȥٴ̤;
޾Уһ˿Զ⣬üͷýȻʧˣԸӦǣôʧأ
ã˵ܹضãֻʲôǧҪʧ䣬ӰֱʧС
ͬʱһߴӰתշڸ½½гģΣӦʧ˰ɡ
Ц֮ŨԺʱϢ׽šϡ֣˵Сӣ鷳ˣ֪ˮʲˡ
֮⣬ųϻųֵģһλˣϣǷŭû뵽˱ɣ
㣬˵˭ɣ
ûлشֻ˵˼ߣҲȥ½մ֣
á
Ůӣ½
½ϣüͷԽԽÿһϡ֣ΪȽϵ͵֣Ҳ⣬ͬʱ仹֪Ͼ䲢û׷ȥһƫƧ֮أָԼʵͻƵĶͳΪͻƵĥʯɣ
⣬½ϻһЩߣЩ߲ѰҲȥֻǷֲڸռйڳϵһϢ
Уʱֹȥ¡
Ѿʮһ꣬ʮһ죬ʮǧ˾ǧƷ׵ķȻ󣬳ϿʼƷ׵ķ
£Ȼûǰɧʱս񣬴һϢ֮ʱߣԽԽˣǣû뿪½
Ϣ˶²ʲôټ̸һ׼Գȥ̽һʱץʱȡһɳ졣
ʱȣʱ䣡
һ죬ڽһ󷨴뷨ʱͻػһ飬æ꿴ȥ


1630 ǿ
һֳӯԲ󡢻ڵĸоﵴĸо
лԭкһ꣬Żⷬ䣬ڲͣţǴһСɽɳ˶졢ŵأֱΡɽ
оǿ󣬳Ժиֳ˷˵ļ깥֮أѡӲĹʹ׼ǧԶߴǧɵĴɽ
䣡
ǧɴɽ˲ѵʯɣĻ棬ʼٸߵĳϣ˵û깥Ȼ֮һ깥ܣȫĻǧֻ಻٣
ǧڵĳ˵㲻ʲôǣһ룬ֻܹ꣬پǧɴɽ꣬Ҫǹ˵꣬ǽεĴݿࣿ

ڳеʱв𣬶鿴Ϊ˭ɱˣȴŻٵĴɽ㶣󣬵ɢȥȴһûȥ˱С
𾪣ȳ϶ҪŨΪɽٵò²⵽һЩһ紵л͵һĿⲻؿǱһɷѳɵɽ벻еۣ˵Щˣ𾪵ȴĶ
Ȼвʦɾ֪˭һģرЩ츳ˣһˣ಻ʮϰټˣǻᾡ뷽跨ƷƷ׸ߵķ
ǳأϾеţûѶȵʮǧǿޱȵģôҪһ
ңвŲųϽǵ˭֪ЩʱĥʲôоǾЩһһ
뵽뵽ڼʱ̤ڶţ뵽ϵĳɳٶȣиڿ뿪뿪
£вԥǰݳһ鱾鱾˴󹦷Ϣ⣬ű
Ż񣬽ӹ鱾ȥ潫˵˵˹ѪħĸϢһЩȵȣҪǣйƵϢ˵ֻҪеƣҵһؾңÿһϣܣогĸıʱܡ
ǣƵҲǲһҹ֮ð˳˵ǣʹڣֻǰû˷֣ƽһƵܣѰƣƽƵˣ类˸ɱˡ
ϵϢһ飬϶УпЦ֪ģˣͷһɣҷģԲ㡣
ôߣ
òߡ
ʵһͦϣġ

ðɣǺڡ
űæȥֱ˵ξǺˡ
ԤУǻټģһ㣬ҵԤУ׼ϵ˵ŲһģѪ¶ű飬ǳϵĻסˣΪڳ˵һ̣ԸҲԤУ
ģԤп϶Ǽٵġ
ţӰ֮䣬ʧڳϵҰУϽű꣬һϸϸȥǿģ꣬;ķΧѾһǧɣǧɣǿȸǿ
Ǿֻܹ֧ʮġ뵱һսʱƴܻһġֳɳٶȣʵ̫ˡ
Ĵ֮ЧȻã
˵һ䣬ϼţл꣬ԺɳͷˣԪһԪҺԴԴϣУֻЧ
ͻأ۾һвУҲл꣬ǲҲ꣬︺˵꣬ȥѰң
һ󣬳ʰ˼飬һȭһȭţţžô¶͵أϵȭͷͣ˿У˵ȭͷأ
β¡
ǳʯǼͿҪɵһӱһ٣ɳȴûһɥ澪ϲǻˣȴ˵ֻҪʱӦ
˳㻹Դ꣬ҡǸʵڵĺڶܾĳ־ϲ
ӾһĴжȹ
һºߵߣ̽һЩߣ


1631 ż
ɱĵһȫûϢ֮󣬺Ҫȥ鷳ǣ㶼ɵǣһ߶ûУϾڳϵЩ˵Ƿǳ˵ģǰеߣƴ׷
Щ߷ϵ棬Ȼи棡
߲̽Ķ߾ǣЩ߲ʧˣĳһۼȥѾ˼ڵ֪ȫһżȥ˵⴦żǵһͳ½ڣµĲƱڵ֮󷨴У
棬ʲôϵ챦ɾǿ̫ˣҪҵµıأǿɲһ챦⣬˵һѣ˵Ǹ󷨵ĴУ͸ˡ
Ȼʮǰڱ֪½½Ƶʱ˶Ƕôǿ֮һ뻯ĸֶݣҺܶΪڵʵڷǳǿһ֣ھ嵽һ棬ȴûжֻۣŲ²⡣
ҲΪڱ֮½Ϳʼ˥ˣص˵ߣûã½Īطһδ䣬˻ɻʱ֣½ǵΧһ½͸ûעˣҪؾǼ£һ벻أ
ⳤ£ﰵҲвҹڱһ࣬ǺȴϣͨؾѰѰڱء
һ˵żˣǲɵϢȫĲŶԣ֪ؽڱȡˣڴУȥ
ֻϧżģһˣǺüˣ̽ʱ򣬶ǾϺȷż֮ǸԱС̣˭Ҳ˷һ˶̣ڶȷʵһˣѹͬҪնɱʱи˸˳ȥ֪ӳȥжŭšҵòҲòԭ򣬴˽Ϣ˳ȥ
Ϣɢü죬˭ⲻסȻⲻסұ㴫Ҫˮø롣
ԣõϢǣڴ챦ǰԥѡڱأæżҲŴˣ˺һ徲ʱ䣬ͬʱҲõЩ߽ĳϣΪʧ
߻ʱ䣬ȥż·̽˸֮ȥһȥһأ߽Ϣ֮󣬳ѾʼƷ׵ķ
ʱ䣬ϵջС죬ǲ˵ˣһѶ÷ɵɽֱСС󣬾֪Ƕôƴ
ڽ֮ĻۣӵǿʱпðҶ˽֮ľĻۣҲǲǳЩľҾ˹֮ƵСèҹҹĽ
֮ڶλ٣ŲҲԽԽ
ˮƽܽôԭ򣬻һ꣬ϵĻرΣҲرؿ죬ﵽȭͷͬһˮƽ֮󣬳ϾͲٷֿǽһȭͷһꡣ
⣬ϵ뽫ȭͷںһȴںϲóϰ˼⣬˵ԼģȭͷЩڣǷǳףҲǳӦģ֮䣬һĤĤôƵģͱĤںϲˡ
оǳϸоΪͻƵļ󣬳̧ͷ죬ңƻϲϱ仯յļƻҪжˡ
ʱҵ˳ϡ
żɽ˵еʹ̽ԭЩߣû鷳ΪǷڱصż˵滹ڴУ
ڣ
Ͼףһ˵ڣζģ½½ڵϢЩϢ϶Ǵ˵Ϣ֮䣬г룬ЩϢìܵģǵ˵ҲֻǴţϾʱ̫ãаΪԭ򡭡
ȥ𣿡
Ϸ˳ڴ⼸֣ϾҪȥ鿴һһõǴУҪʶʶЩ󷨣Ϊؽ׼ңڱأӦŲٵ֮ɣСڴһҲãͬʱ˳Ǳȸ޵֮ѹһصʱȥ
ǣϻЩǣǵȻǵǵİȫ˵Ƕȥżˣ˭֪᲻˳½ӣٱǸѪħ崫˵еˡ
ǵİΣڴ֮ļֵСöˣҪǽ߷ڳǰóѡ񣬺ʵģϻѡӵ˵ƽ
ƿ˳ϵΪѣ˵ϣܹǵİȫ



1632 ѧ
ǿһ֣Բǧٲһͭǽڣ˵ҡͷ
Ȼǲֻǵһһɱﵡ
һ£˵󣡡
֣۾͵شԴоνֵοȥܵȵģڣǿؾ·ֻҪһ·
ûйϵ
ֻҪܹϵİΣƶԶ϶ûϲȫУͻһݣ˵ҪķɲС
ԼȻʮȴһЦİɣԺܰȫ֤ܵһ˶ܡ
ⷽĵû֮󣬳עַ˴ϣԴǷǳоȤʵеʹżȥż𣿡
һЦ˵üеʱ䣬ҪǴżżͲڶʱȡñأõУڴôõãͣһ£ֲҪԵڶʱȡãڸϹȥҲá
һԸ͡
̫ˡЦҿоһ´𣿡
˽һ㶣˶һۣ˵ϣ

Ʒ

Ҫо󷨣ȳϻشֵ֮⣬㻹зٶĶãͲԼΪȻʵǿԽߣҪͷÿ涼ͨĻ·ͻԽߣ
˼һ󣬾Ҳмֵȴ˵ҵĻ۹ˣΪܹȥҪЩ󷨣ҺãʵҲáҲգΪؽ
ؽ
߾ףԺҲһЦеʹһ仰˵һͨͨɣҩ󷨣֮ͨ׼ˣ°빦Ч
⵹ǣҲо仰;ͬ飡
ߵͷ˵һЦ˵ϣѧĶ࣬ٸѧһΣ
㣿
ʣæкܶôҪ޵УʲôʱΣգָһ㣬óܹݱܹ
á
Ϊʲô
Ҳܡ
׼ɣ⣬ܹĵˣԼҲܸоԼմȾ˲ɣֻҪɾͷ綼ܹ
ΪⷬóĶ֪ϻҡҡͷϲһ˵ˣΣĻҪȻҪԣңûôʱ䣬Ҫиʮ꣬ʵһ꣬
ڣС
ȻҡͷȴûзȻ뵽ľˣ뵽˵ʱ⣬˵ѧ˲㣬ܹİˣֵʲôط㵽ûΣ֮С
ûټ˵ȥϣѾЦˣΪ۾ڷŹ⣻ȷʵĶˣ仰ˣҪܸõػζǣУܿ䣬Ҳ֮һ
ԥĻᣬͳ߿ͷһ飬ͷܹڽӵĹͷ޹ǣ߿޹֮ϣ֣ЩƽҲ࣬Ҳϵá
ֻǣЩ֣߿޹У˵ҵĲ㣬ȫǴ߿޹ģҪúˣ⣬Ȿ飬ҵһЩĵãһ֮УҲ廨˵ĽͨƣȥоɣǵãɲҪ˴Ĳã˿ɾ鷳ˡ
˵꣬ȥϿ˿е߿޹ǣɿЦ޹봢֮Уתڵȥ
ͬʱ߶Ե˵ָһ·᲻Ầ
Ǳ˵ĻںôǷڳϵϣҸоôһЩ˵仰ʱԺһֳǸӰ˵ҵĲ㹦㲻ϣѪеʹ˵ѧ˲㣬ֻһ
еʹ۾оһصֻϣڲһҲĳɼδȣҪǳܹµһĻ˵ΪͽŹ֮Ϊ
ϣżһУܹ̤澳磡
ʵԳڵʵҪݣӦòʲô¶ҿѹƣԣӦѹƣӦ˵ڻۣڵȴʲô߳˼
ϻǾϲģǻǽúôһɡ
ڴš
ߵͷԶȥ
ûʱ䣬Ѿվ˴֮У


1633 ¼ʮѨ
ڳǰĴͼڴ½նģЩһûйڴϣһܶʵʲҲֻ￴о
￴˽£ϴгҲջ񣬲ջ٣Ͽ϶Ĵ󣬱ͼڴ½ĴҪӵöࡣ
֮󣬳ϱ˶Ĳã󷨡ȵȣõһԶϣ⣬ÿ컹ʱǣҲǿᷢʯ֮Уѩİö÷ʳСڸʯսҲѩǴҲ֪սӺδ
ͬʱҲķ̸ˣҪΣʱ֮̿⣬ȵʱ䣬ҲҪȥ
֮УмõֵʱǾǻ󣬱ٵˣҲ⣬ǣСȴ¼ˡ
ȻⲻǰǸܹǵ½ǣԲķΧסʵܣ֮ǰҪǿ
״СڶԼ֮أʣҲʧܣģǲǾǰֻӣ
ﻹֱųϣֻʲô
Ҳ֪
ҡͷȷʵ֪Сڵľ
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵⻤ã̶ϱ˵İΣһ֮׼ɣʮֻСèȫ·ģߡ䡢սȻгϡСڡ
ļȴǱϾҲҪټ廨ǵΪʱ׼ؾ·ܵھ䣬ǿҪȥҪĽ
һ·ϣϿûţϵűµĹűáǳѨϣԽǳܣ
ʱ䣬ʮһǳѨϳʱΪֹڹʮǳѨϣתѨϣǳ壬ʮǳܸϴѹϴΪ˷ܣòϲòǳ󣬾ΪһѨǳ󡣡
ݾĵʵ飬ȻûкԵ
ܺԵģȻϲܷǳʯɳʯһϣһ߼꣬û
⣬;ˮꡢһл꣬һŹȫˣСڣЩл궼Ӳѣɽ󴨡ľǱȽٵġ
вܷŹģ֮֮ﶼС֮
ϡսһ˵ٶȣǳ죬ǰҪһʱ䱼·ֻ̣ҪʮңˣܿǱĹ˵ϲѣֱ̫ʱˣû˵ǽһֱ׼ŵıһԶȫ˳
ԴһǱڳϵİ£ȹѹءвǿ߱Ƽ֮ڵǱЩ塢ɶǱ֮£ָѾޣǬҲǱ
ĺô֮һ̵ܹʱڣѼܶıһȴûѼƣҲûйͷǱռһЩϢǬ޳ֵżصʱǱĳһָţһλֵŮӣתշڸ֮䣬Ѱʲô
ЩϢ֮󣬳ȡҩݣСڽ̵֮һ֮׼ٴ̣Ĺ˵ˣ˳ȥɽ𣿡
ϿߣĹͼóκ˵˳·ǵ·ߣ̫Զһˣ˶ʱ䡣
Ĺϲæˣܲܳʱ䣬ɽԪɽǱָ˴鷳ȥǿѾնɱ˵ԷǿָܸȣڸϹȥѾˣˡ
ɽҼסˡ
ллˡ
Ĺһҡҡ֣ЦĹô౦øңۣ
Ȼۣ
Ĺѿڶ˵òԾϽת˵˵ܹӵиıҲˡ
ֻǲҲðɡЦĹúøȥһ죬һڱ֮У޾ı
ģ
һõƭ㣿
һʣĹϲò֪ʱһѾƲдˣ˵Ǿ仰Ҳݵģݾĵ
ɽ޶ȥ


1634 깥
Ͽϣ֮󣬳һƫ·ߣִɽޡ
ɽޣȻ
ȥɽۣɽѳɺЩֱΰɽͺӿľκˣǺһ׳ۻ棡
վھ֮ϣǧɽޣĪӿһ֮У̾Ϊֹɽǰ㻭һһʮɽɡ
֮̾󣬳СڣСڣɽ𣿡Сڱӳ飬צҡҡ۾ҡҡͷûзҲ
֣γĵòôأ
Ҳûж룬Ѱ겻Ŀģֻ˳Ϊ֮һӺָ·һɽ˵ǾԪɽ
ãȥ
ϱСȥ޴󲿷ֳǳضƽ̹ϣڱɽɽޣȻɽΪǣԪɽ̸֣ͦĦ࣬ȴҲﲻһȦȴûзǱڣԼУϸо²򵥣ǱԳòСȻЭǱţǣסһ·ˣʵλֵܣԪɽǱںδ𣿡
Ǳ󣿡
·˾֮飬߶ôɣպǱĳҰɣţԵͷ·˼һͷʵǱʲô
˵Ǳ˵鷳ȥ
ô˵Ǳˣ
ࡣ
³·ɤӴ󺰵ҿǱѣץסЩˣ͵ɽǴȥ
һӦ
ʱΧЩ·ģģģȺ𼤷Ⱥ糱ˮӿһȡԼķϡɱЩ˵Ϊ̫ͣΪ߲٣Ǹ·˾Ϊ⣬Ϊĸձ飬仹һЩʥǿߣ
·˺ŵͬʱְһѹǵֱ̳ϵУ
һ֣ǵץסһþǵĩ·˴УץסĲӣ˵˵Ǳ󵽵׷ʲô£Ǳȥˣ˵ĲӾͻǰѹǵ
ɱҰɣҲģǶӦȥ·˺ηǳȺҿȥɽǴˣЩ˱Ƚ֡
۾û֣ţǱʲô𣿾ȻΧ
ǱߣҲ֣ȵݣٴʩչġݡǰֹܺǿʢٱһն֮£糱ˮȺеķնѣŴһˣոմֻ࣬Ҫһ֣ǵͻᱻն顣
˶ˣЦ䣬Ĺ־˲٣ֿɲ˭ģ̤Ͻ֮Զˡ
ЩȫסϢ֮ǻعֲܲ˵س˵ǾֱȥǸʲôɽǡ
ϵ̤նȥЩȻŹ˵ܾûʹùˣ켴һӣֱʮȻʱһžžžһأһƬ
Ѿˣһ˵ǿҲޱȣǣǻûзǼȺɽǴˣɽǴˡ
أûֹǵĺȺǽøԶҲǸɽǴ˾ǰʱ䲻һǺ춯أɽصòɢ
ǺδһȺ𣬡˭ԪɽҰ£ֻǾͳڳǵҰЩǺǸߴ󣬱ȳǶҪʮɴСγɺôһƬƣһɽƶ
һֻǣǿֱֲʮɣȺɽ֮еɽֻ棬һȫֻڵҪλçϻŸԲȦųϵˣҰ
˵Ǳأ
ԭǵͬ캿çһɶʣֱӾɱֻ֣ɽһǺзƱãɽص֮ҲǳܺϻϵˣҪȽɱȴӲɫ䣬ǵüȴûʲôоӣʵôˣ
顭깥
ꣿ
ϾȣԼûиıĲ״̬꣬һͬʱȣֻǵغ캿ѹȥɽǼȥӲٲǸç󾪣ȴ˿غȵǼ̤
ֻǳȺɽƣС۾ɻ֮ɫԾ˳ϵļ˵ҸоһЩ쳣


1635 ǻ
Сڣʲô쳣״
ϿǼƶɽǣüͷо֣Сûش𣬶ɢɫâϿСڶɫâЩԾС֮һĪɽŴΣգ
ɻ䣬Сֱһֻѩӣ˵Щ֣ŵϢֻǺСҪ֣æֹСڣҿЩ깥ô¶
ϵǹƥȥ
߶ûϣ˵ɽʲôʱ㣿ҪҵĲ㹦ٸһЩ½Ϸ飬ܹһ
ߵûֵػид˵Ҳܹ㣬ڴЩǰôң㽫½ڵߣûҵڣЩȴ׾ͱҵһһð˳ʱˣ½ɽ֪籩֮½ֻôһ
˵ĳɼֻпʱϲ˿˿ο֮飬Һ½ôһϣȡ˵ϸˡ
ǰ棬çʹʩչǼ̤ÿ̤һһϣҪɢɫٴβ԰ףֻо΢紵һ˿
çϵǰ棬ЦûܹڰǼ̤ǰȥҲ⣬һɣç䣬ԾͷڿգȻçҪһԸϵĵЩҡ
ϻصĹ𣿡
һУ㹻Ҫ
˵
ʩչ깥ǧɴɽɽĹһǺҲȥֻצȫɣشצѪҲޱȣçʣֻǣأç㶼վھ֮ϣɫҲǲ԰һƬ
ʲôֶΣһʹ
ǰȥϵӰһȺǱҪСжСǣһ̤ǵˣﾡǿֲ֮ɫ
çɫ˵ͽ㾹ȻҷһȻֵܵס캿Ǽ̤˵꣬ǿҪǰ꣬ˣ϶һɿڵĲȣ
߷Уçȡһӣӱ͸ȴźƣç㵸ﻹдʣ˵һЩĻ
ߵüͷȴ²⵽һЩ
çж֮УɫԽԽ԰ף³ھѪ֮ĺ˳ɢһȥȴһĶ
ðһȺҲŶ³ƣȻ۾Ŀ־壬ɢȥˣôͷ룬ȴڲΧСɶ
ϽţƲ״һֻΣüͷĪȺǵ𣿵ǣǾһ𣬾ûгͻ
ţЩѸƮŲλϣɢһֻžߵĺɫǣͳǺɫڵŨ
෴çȴҪεȴƴ֧վֻ۾ϣЦҪα
ǻꣿ
ֻɫǻһŵЦͷ򣬾Ȼԣ꣡Сӣ˿ɲͨǻ꣬ޱȵǻ꣬ϽñƷƷʹߣպűХ񷣡
ⷬЦˣصЦֻǻоܵĪһ㣬߳ŭغСӣȻҳЦˣЦʲô
Ц㲻֪
ʲô
ǻβһҡųСӣ˲ҪԵĻ꣬ҪѪ
ССǻ꣬θţ
ϼֱ꣬ӭǻȥáɽһУȴǽǻ굱ϣȥһӴǻֱӱҵֻʣ¾ɣɫҲ١
ǻʹвѣֱȵĲ꣬㾹Ȼ꣬꣬ǺöСӣñ̰ɣҪأ
һǻѣӸ֣ΪԼ𣿡
Сӣ㲻Ҫֻ̫ǱһƷֻѣǻϣ̤豾ˣĽҪжң
ǻԽԽСȻŭţϼ˵죬Ҳˡһߴţȴšֻꡱ֡
˼һϴȥĶһ£Ƿֻ꣬ץסʱһ˳ȥԳϺСӣ־׷ɱˣ


1636 ȴ
׷𣿡
ȻֻǻһƷֻ꣬Ҳ򵥣ĳϲԣתͷԳ˼ΪӵĶһݻԳ˼
һЦֱӿ粽׷ȥǻ״ЦˣҲǺεЦˣղһӴǻȻ֪ԼҪ꣬Ҿָܻųˣʱ½˭Ǳ˵Ķ֣
Цţǻγɵǰצһӱɢˣǻ޻̬֮Ц״̬û۾ǡ
Ȼ䣬ǻոձɢǰצٴγɣ֮ǰȻǻû⼸֣ǰצˣǰצѣצҲûˣֱŵβͣҲޡ
ǻһͣټֻۣƴ񱼣ţһʱ䣬Ȼص˵ĵ̣Ҫÿζ갡
ϡսһ׷ȥ̤ȺϿʱЩľǣʯ飬һѪɵĻ棬ֶ˵ģֻççУȻǳϺҪŹҪǱЩںδ
ŵǻ꣬ųϵĴƫƫֲʹĸоֱǻڣһӺǻʹó̽ˣԪɽߵɽ崦
ɽ֮ϣһҲΣ˿̣ѾȫסǻЦͶǺ֮УʱǺ翪ˮһ
ԽԽСӺһӰͳڳϵǰӰһͷΣΣңӰΪͬʵһ㡣
ǻĿ䣬ųϣ׹ɢȵ׳ꣿ
ŵϢֻϡСڵڳԺ뵽ץʱΣЩף˵ǾǣΣһֻ

ǻһ£צ
һצץϵ壬ǹͷε꣬ϻ깥Ƚ٣Ϥľԥģ¡
ĹԱ˵Ѿûˡ
𣿡
һӴצϣǻʹ죬ȴûջצӣȣ̣
Żǻͣ͵ŵúôУֱҧϵͷҪ̽ϼ״˵УҲᣬǾͿ˭˭
ϼһβ꣬γɣǻ󾪣žѾγɣǻ겻⻻ʽֻƴŵи󣬺ýϵһ븹Уͬʱ£һСС꣬˻̲ˣ
벻㻹
һѹûУкܶûóأЦ£һûлָʵô̵ˣ
Ǹ߹ǣǻ귴ȱϼŭˣֱ֮֮μٱʮɡʮɡʮɣת֮䣬Ѵɣ
ǿеУһٶʮɣԪɽһ붼֣иǳֳôһֻǣԪɽеԭסǣȫڵأؿ˵ЩǵǴ˷ŭˣǸǴˣԶԴϣǴҳ񡭡
֮µսǣȴûܵӰ죬ǻҪĿǳϣЦҪд𣿡
Сӣˣ˾ˣҪ꣬Ҫռ
Ҵ󣡴󣡴󣡡
ڳһֵġУ𽥽ųֻ䣬һٶʮɣ
õޱȵЦݣǻʧɫȻûȫָʵǣƾ깥ַ۷徳ߣһЩۣҲʤ
֪˾Ȼ꣬껹쳣ǿַҲǹޱȣȻͬһٶʮɵУǻԸоϵУӵű̡ǿܡ
òײѹܾɵǻţֻǰצͳһɫĶҪ̽ȥСڼ״˵Ǹ꣬Ӧþɽ޵ɽ꣬ʼûиоȴֻǸڸˡ
СڵĻԾնϣٶȾȫѭ˵Ƕҵġδ䣬ϾվǻǰСܶץȥ
ǻ궸ȻվǰͲ𾪵˵ʩչ깥ʱΪʲôܶ


1637 Ц̫
깥ʱƶ𣿡
ɻ϶ȴûѽץסǻ˵Ĳ֪û˸˵ң꣬һ겻һںأһߵߺ͵Էױȡ븴ӵ𾪣
ǻϵĻǳˣһֵܵס깥ҪˣȻ֪ʶǻЩغϻȻܣܣҲҪĴۣǳĴۣϣ𣡡
ûôŰɣŲҵġ
ǻЪ˹˵ţǳȴʢŭ֮Уһ˿ƻһ£ͬʱһ˺̫Ҫﵽ־أǲҪ˵ƴһ
Ͽ뷨ǻоϷˣˣʵȻܶǰ
ǰ
һЦʵбҪ𣿡˵ţһѽ˹һˣɡ
㡭
ǻֱѪȴѪ£ǻ벫һѣԼܣϧҲйţƴС
ǣǻ껹û䣬ԪɽЩڵغѹѹȺų˵˻к֣ñʩչ𣿡
ϣ⣬Ȼĺܲң
˵꣬õһԣǻ꿴ųϺѹƶԼŲ̤ʵĸоǻһ£ǵǣ׳ǵתǾһһҹ٣֮ܣ
ԪɽǾԺﶼģǻ꣬һһ
һ
ҹ٣
֮ܣ

һһȥУׯޱȵǻ꣬ٴαͬʱҹ٣ԪɽšǾˣȴɫ԰ףѪˣȻþȫţƴתš
ǻӣҹںһ
һĻǻֳʵɱȵǿ̫ˣٿԪɽѪĻ棬²ǸʲôǾƾڿڵķ
ͬʱﻹʣǻ֮ܣ
ڣҹȫ٣ԪɽѪ赹ڵأ֪ǻҲʧˣ·⸲ɽ޵ĺҹǻ꣬ǻǺҹ
īɫУֻһУнźҹҪµأǰУԵЩˡ
ǻЦ˷ĺҹдСӣ̫ллˣҪʱ䣬˸ʩչһУΪʾлһὫ꣬ȫһ㶼˷ѡ
⻰Ӯˣ
˵أ
ҾЦ̫ˡ
ǻһЦЦΣ£㻹ܷ𣿡
ǻѣҶץοǻ꣡
˵ʲô
ǻЩȵȴЦ˵ôϻôʱ䣬𣿡
֪ʩչ֮ƣ
Цţûлش𣬻֮ƣҲûǻĺޣǻҪռݾϷ磬õ˵ôϻ˵
ȴʵ֮ܣ
ǵȻ֮ܣӿ뱾˵壡
Ŷ
ϲŽһ֣īɫյУֱײϲ֣֮ӲײȥһײȥҲһ֮С
ɫнɱ̽ʳ꣬˵һѵõľ飬ɲ˷ˡ˵ţšٴײȥ
ͣײ˲ʮ֮ࡣ
Ϸܵĺҹǰ֮ǰЩˣߵ˵Ҳô𣿡
꣬㹻ˣ꣬Ѿ˰ɣ
ʵҲǳ֮ܡ
ЦҪܣ˸죡
һ죿һÿǿǣ
˵ţӿ۽ʮǳѨУǳתǻ껹û˵ٻŨǳܣӿӣǳһӿϱоЩ꣬Ҳӯ
ܣ
ǻľҹԽԽʵ㻹𣿡
ôǳܣѵҲһˣ
Ǹ߹࣡
ǡ
ȻûˣϷɣ
ڶ롰ںһʵڶһںϣҹڶǻУ


1638 ⾪ϲϷ
ʲôط
ӽ佥ҹдڶ֮ǿ֮ڵѨǳǳܣǻһҪ̳УСͬʱҡƣ
һ˵Ҳס
ϵʵǻ굱ȻţڸûˣֻǲͣزҽУֹӣǻбҹɢȥػشء
ںҹһɲǣ˫һ˿ŵУӰӣǿԱߵľſǳ
һĻǱܷӦԺµǸǳͼȻⲿĵǾſǳΧľſţһģһ
⣬ſǳΧΧʮſǳʮǳ
һ֣Ͼμס
ϲǴؾϲ
ɽޣֻΪǱһ鷳ȴϣһר깥ǻ겻˵ҵʮǳóϵǳͼһηḻ
ϲ֮ʣΪʲôǾſǳպΧأɺϣǡ°ʸΪʲô̽ĳϣʷ
һߣҹɢȥû֧ŵǻ꣬ˤڵϣҵ񣬳ûǻ꣬çŪѣʵǱأ
çųϺϽңҪȻǴһὫʬΣ
ǴѾһˡ
Ǵ˵ϣ
çʶǴ˵ôҲǴ˻ᱻܣʱǻʹýһçѰȥǿͬһĴڣç벻⣬ҪתͷųϷʱͻؿǻͷһȥǴˣ˭Ҷ㲻С˺ƴˡ
çľֹϲɸ̾켴뵽ͼڴ½ϣСڵ֪ˡ
ǻѪԳ˵
û˵ֻǽ˳̫ˣһͶԳ˵ˣ˭鷳˺ݺݳһ٣
ﲻǡ
һָǻ꣬ǻѾɵˣ֮ǰ˵Ϊ˵󻰣ϾȻģǻҵزţһֱܵĲǡһ֣һǣһȴر
ƼһצӾȥȵ㾹ȻҵˣǲˣһצһצţçѾɵˣǻ꣬ϵˣٿȥعͷͷһأȴضεˡ
çַˣܵΪǳµģųϴ󺰵ɱˣҸƴˡ
ɱˣǴˣ
ܣ
çػشȴͣ˽Ųǻ꣬˵ԺǾˣҪǵˣӦô󲿷˶ûֻˡ
ģ
ϻ˵ģд㿴ˣʲôʲô߹ˣԺҪɣҰǾȻ꼤˵һ˵ţһצӻǻꡣ
ç˿ޱȵǻ꣬¶˺ģ˵ҪܾȻҵˣǾ㣡
ûдӦȴתͷϣϵͷŻشһá֣ץǻȥçԾ˵ǱЩˣ֪ôˡ
ϲȥ꣬սȥʱ˵ϣ԰Ǹǻ£һУԽԽã
˵ţüǳ۾ﻹŨŨʣԳϵģ˵ʣסˣûʣϾÿ˶Լܡ
ϵͷһɨ׾ҵǱЩˣϾȵǣЩ棬Ȼڼ֮ص磬˿ϣҲǼѡ
ϱɽ˶ͣçĴ󲿷˶ѹç꣬˵һǱԪɽķָȻͲˣǻҲСܣǻе깥֮ȫ˵˳Ȼ󽻸˳ϡ
պ󣬳ٴ·ֱż
ͬʱڴеϢҲ޾⴫˿ȻǵõϢڴУЩ˼ǰôҶûҵھȻðˣⳡϷܴ
ӿһƬپ壬ЦݸӲˣ˵Ϸһڣӭһˣ֪忴ЩͼڵĲϹŶͻȻصͼڴ½ֻһ󣿡
ӿءˡһԱһʯֱĩˣ


1639 Ĺԭ
Ĺԭ
ǻߡһë֮أá˼ﶼֱֻĲ٣Ұޡȵħ޵Ӱȫʧˣǻľ֮ĺۼûС
еģֻǻ
һۻɻ
Щϱڲԫɺ죬ȥҲ͸Żζ
ⶼǰڵĻĹԭǾĵģʱʱдХк¡ըˮӵص֣дƬ֡ľ֣ҲӰǰ
ֻЩˮЩЩľΪģģЩҲߵħ裬ں¡ըʣڿսƴɱˡ
֮˷츲صı仯ôʽ֮أΪĹԭϢ˵ģڱءڴеżڵأ
ǰĹԭܲڣһڶûУȻҲȥĹԭ̽ȴûʲô֣Щôֵģ˿֪ˡ
Ĺԭһޣ޵Ľ紦ʮ޶˺üεĲɣ䣬һ󺣣һɽĹԭȴûб
һ죬ĹԭӭʮλˣУгϡսһˣ
߿ǰѾɺԣȴɢѪζѪҺص˵̤Ĺԭͱʾ̤Ѫ֮أɱ¾֮أɱáĶǵȵ
һƬƽ˵˲ңҲˣ˷ҡ϶һ£СڵԴ˵ϣ㹻ǵ
ɴ⡣
߶һ䣬ϵ˵ͷȻСڻһƣĸô˵ġϡ˭֪ᷢʲôأ
ңϻܲСڶ֣Ͳ֣Щ½ߣʲôĶУһ˿Сڵ鷳ǿɾͼˣڵĹܹӦһЩˣǣвǳϲӦġ
ߣ
һ£̤˻ĹԭȦĵضУҪѰٶȶ죻տʼƽûš
ʱҪ߽һѹʱͻشеĺĽкһΪɳơأһȴǱȽۣͯ
ŸոմӰڳǵҰӰһߣͷ׷ţһһΪߣһͯӴ硣
һһˣǰã˺ۣԭٶ̤շжˣֻһξһξԾǣÿһʹϵ˿ڣ罦Ѫ
˺棬ȴһŮ׷ɱǣĸеĽ׳ģǸŮĵֻУ͸ޣŨѪζ
״Ҫȥǣȴǳס˵Ҫȥ

ɻȴͣסǰĽŲֻ߼˵ǵˣòƽ޹ˣһɱĹԭΣء
ǡ
˵֣ͱ߸ϣ䣬˵ֻһ˺һС𣿡
ͷ
һЦ֪ĳܽĹԭˣֻм򵥵ֻһˣֻһСЩǱϵģĻòıĵвˡ
Ĭ
߼ĳ˵ǲȣˣСӦʩԮ֣ǣڻĹԭУĹԭĹ̫пᣬ̫Ѫȣ̫ڰԲע⣬鷳ѣԣСһЩΪãȻ
˵һ䣬ѣǾһҲҪƴȣΪһˣ޵Ĳʵؾ˵꣬ߵǰȥߵ˵һɫȻںžˣȥһЦУսٴ֮

ٶ˼ǲȣǽǰļλˣͣԸű
űȷʵǴ󱨳꣬߶ǽŲһͣȴͷҲأűߣﻹ˵Խ񣬾Խ˵зԽ󣡡
ٶ˼űȻջǣСһĨȴǼˣһʤ߼಻ǾˣֻǽС˴ʥԪ½Լңʱű֮⣬Լһк񱨣
һĹģΪСԸԼСҲ޺үүҪǣһȺѪˣҲҪӣҪһҪһ
ԼСҲǴȻ֮
ͬʱУһ˿Ц˵ͷ򣬹Թɱɣûܹȵǣǰ˭ǣǰǼˣĸУҪǸҾȣͰһˣ⽴

Ц죬ȴǽŲһͣ۾һݣ


1640 Ǿŭһ
ǣİɣȾҼСˣԼһǵģ
үүҪǣҪǣԼСһӲԸ񣬿߻ţϣڳһϡ
ˣҲڷ˵ţ˵ˣûܹǵģ㿴Щ˵Ϊе𣿡
ǣ㿴ߵöͷûдֵģҲûãԣԹ԰ѹűɣ
ϴټӵֻͣʰˣǻ׷ǰǼֻȻʣҲɲܷŹˡ
˵ò
ԼС޶ȥɣɳ
ͻ
ң

ɳͻȵȹƾ֣߼˵ĹܿҪ䵽ϣ͵شһСˣܣסǣ
ţʹȫһѽСƿˣ˱ߺСˣһҪţֻҪͱ޺ֻһԸϣС˻صԼңʱΪͱ꣡
߹ȻģҲ˼С˺ţ߼ɳͻȵ˭ԼҶŹǵģ
Լңʲôӿɲֻ֪֪ɱǣ֪֪֪֪Լҿɲ֪СޣˣӲ˵ģ
һɫǱ߻˿ˣֻҪ˿ԼȻͻ֪
϶İɣǻøɾģΪЩ˻ܻ𣿡ͻЦ˵Ȼˣ˵϶
߱߷ˣȥķԼС֮ǰƿķԼСҵغүүүүǸɱүүҺƴˣ
ƾǣ
ҹӿԼС߽ԱƷɣ˻ڿЦţһϵгֻڵʯ֮䡣
ͬʱͣ½ŲǰšʥԪ½ԼҡߣһʱΪҪ֣æ˵ϣʲôҲ֪˼ŭǣǳ֣ûҪˮҪȥǼס
ЦҲ˻ˮǲ˲ˡ

ѾǷˡϿеˣԼСߣһɨ¶ŭݣҪ֣˵ȻҪŭǣǾŭһأ
ǣǿɲͷҲûдֵġ
丽˵սֱӣתһɨȥ߼״ϲˣ˵ллллλˣԼұк񱨡
үүǿߣҪЩˣ
СˣЩ˾ǣǿɲܳûߣ壬ǲܲ飬ԣЩһ֣˸նɱˡ
˵оݣҲͬ⣬ɨһۣһһ˻ȣͬʱҲ֮ǰԼС˳Ƿ˺Ľͣ϶Ϊ˾Լˣƴһѡ
߽δ
ǱߣսѾƴɱͻжžȵƾʵģ˺㣡
ȣѪ⣬նݣ
£ȫնͻеұ֮ϣͻֱһľն˰벽ͻд󾪣Сӣ벻㻹ӣϧӻǲ
ʱ߼սͻУǱߣսϵȴ˵ŮӣŮЦ磬Сþϲôǿ׳ӣԽǿ׳ԽСã
ŮӵⷬǽҪѲѵĶ˼ײˣսһЦ˵Ҳϲ㣡
𣿡
Ȼģζ϶
ŮЦģ޹ǵҪսϿȥ˵Ӵ۹̫ˣСõӣֹζСñ֤ôһΣٳһΣ
ģ
Ȼ磬ǱЩ¶һľĵطңΣ
ð
˵ŵʱŮɢζӣҪսϣսҲ˹ӣǣŮӵ֣Ǻһӡ
սŮҪһʱͻ
Ǳߣϲûвսվԭţǰ˵λˣΣһ֣ý£
ԼС˵Уٴ֮ɫĵ˵үүɱȥ˵ţȳ˳ȥûзȻɫȴΪ˵ˣҲ֣ܳ׽£
˵ò
һЦˡ


1641 ǻԺ
̤ƴɱʱһֱߣһ˿ײ΢Цת˲ţ켴ҲɱȥС˸˹˸ڳһɱǰ
߱Χϱȥ߼ҲûȥأȴǷһԼСϣƴɱһʼͽ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣը¡ҡʯҷɡ
սǱߣŮҪսţڿϵһ˲䣬ȴͱУһֻսಿλһֻȴǹսĵͬʱһƬˮսΧ
ŮЩʱսһץסŮӹ֣Ǽսֻġ֣һƬ˾κˣ
һץϣŮӾ͸оһɾ֮룬Ůľȴ˵磬̫ˣŪˣҪС㣬òŸ԰
˵ţŮӱ߲źۼҪֳһ飬ȴûгóսЦүүϲҰһ㣬ԽҰԽϲҪҰ͸ҪԣСá
ŮüһĨѪȵ䣬ѸЦ𣬲ᣬת˵磬֪Ƭʲô𣿡
ʲô

Ůӽ³о仯ԼС˺;ɱһĶ˼ףͻתҺɱϣ
˼׸ı乥󣬾¶һԼС˺ץסᣬƴö˼ײҲˣ
ǣԼСȴûпһǵĶ𾪣ЩԼСͣϺرƴƥܣ֮ǰƴһʱҪĹ
ϣ
ΧɱϣһֱŽĵߣɫ䣬ȵϣСģ볷ԮϣǶͻرǿܣѲʵȶԷߣɷ֮£Ʊ߽⵽һЩ
ɫ䣬æȥղſ˼ɱնϵĻ棬۳ĽȻ飬֮ƴɱͻȴץסʱɱ
֣һѪץסȥæݵ׷ɱȥһ˸նɱļʽ
˵ĹҪڳʱӰʧͬʱгϵ𣬡̵ڲų֣Ϊˡ
˻һΧһǡ˵ϺӦ𾪲ѣΪŭǣôƽأ
˵仰֪Ϸһ
Ҳɫ䣬ҪֵŮӣһ֮£ָͷսŮӳˡȥȴս񽫳Ѫָܵͷӽ֨֨ҧ
˭ԷԼָԵô𣬾ɽ亣ζһﶼǳŮӺųƶˣɿһĻҲͷƤ飬Ƥ
սĴָ˵Ȼүү˵һóԣ
⻰ŮӻȻս˵ĳԣĳԣԼΪĺһһˮ֮
㡭
ŮϵЦûˣ߳ŭغȵ㲻ˣ
ˣүү治ˣ
սЦ˵Ůɫ䣬ս뿴ս񵽵ʲôɾʱ¡һըҷŮٴκˣը
ըģǳ֮ǰվĵطԼСĸһʧҪٹɻǽɱջأվλãұըըһĸҲ˲ջɱУеȥܾײһǹɳֱ˸ɳȥ
˽ˣ
׷ɱͻ˲׷ɱѸޱȵ˻ȥǸסߵĶˣҲٲϸ֮ɫǵɳȥĸˣӦҲǵһʱֹסӣֱĸ
ʱϵӰٴγ֣ʵζΣ
ܣ
ͻĶ˲ŵغǸԳԼС˵ޣǶųϣģȫһƬݣҲۣʵôģ
ʲô
Ϸһ޹ģսߵȵȶصߣһԼСȴǱŭݵϷǵ⣿
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ǣԺøٷĴ󣡡
Ժ󣿡
һǻԺ󣿡


1642 
ǻԺ󣿡
Ͼޱȵʳ߸һ㶣켴ЦһЦǰһʵ˵仰ôЦ𣿡
ȻЦˣֱЦˡ
ͻд˵˵ЦԼС˽˵Ϊ㿴ݵϷܻһЦ죬ˣԣϽ˵ΪʲôˣʱҺøȫʬ
ϻûлػȵǲˣ߸ˣ
Ǳߴˣȫˣ
ԼСһȻӣһ·׺ݵ˵Ҿ˵ϴ󣡶ˣ
ǰ͵ͷ˥˵ǰˣ
ͻŭüŭ˵ŭˣ
ϲˣ
Ǿˣ
ǰˣ
ս񳶶ָŮӣƺʹһ㣬ҵ·һ£ʱ¶ǰһΰɽ壬ɽ廹΢΢ţˣŮ۷ſĹâ˵СŮˣ

߸ҽǷЦȻϸղŵıֳǵϣǣǾãֻҪһоͶ֮УֻҪһսḶǰĴۣɽȻȡʤ
ڳǵķɱĵһǵڶʮıʣ֮ǰĶʮʮηɱ˳ޱȡ
Щһ˴ĳˣһȣ˷ɱȦԼȫ˳ȥ
еģҪһ㣬˵ҪĮһ㣬ᣬתߣɵͣҲǰ˵űسʱҲ̰תȡ
ҲиģЩţǰ˱ֳһģʥԪ½ԼСţһĻ棬ҲжˣЩ˻ת⣬ȡ
һ˵⼸о͹ˣͻǺ˾Ҫ֮Ѷ˸ЩȥķȻŭֳ༤ٰ֮࣬ѰҲ߹ȥ
һǾͻ˺ƤΧɱ
Ȼ˻ѡҪ̫ǿǾͻ֣һȷĿ꣬Ǿ;ʧֵĿܣ˶ЩѾ¯ˡ
һˣ˵ѡ
ȴϣε̫⣬ǲܲˣգ󣬶УҪӲ֮ʱȴˡ
ȣݵϷǳһС
Щ棬йأ֮ǰĸΧϣΪ˿ϵ˵ȵʱɻҲͬ⣬϶Ĺؼ
ȻҪ
ֻǣʧˡ
ȻϿˣȻзٶȾѭƴɱ֮ʱҲڻܹӳϢըı桰ġĿɲһ
ˣΧʱͱˡ
˵ϴ˺ǲˬ۾ֱųϣǱţȤϲŭ塢飬˼˼ķϣ˵һ
Ȼ˵Ҫ˵ɳȴǰû˵ֻˡ
˵
˺ǲͷغŸҲǳͷ
˵ǲһ
Ц
ΪñҪ߼һ㣬ϧݵĺܲרҵ̫һ㣬û˵ļԲȶ𣿡
̫ˣ
ظ̡
Уһն˲ﻹõߵǰ
ôһ´ξͽ˴ˣεڵأٴǱ뷨ɱ˺ǫسˣ͸ƽ֮ųϣ˵𣿡
˵㣬Ҫһιȥ͸ˡ

˵º󣬻Ӷֱۣ˵ллĽ飬ģҲоһʹ֤ܸ࣬ɾ
һ飬ǲ
˵
ǾǰеıȫԶϾҸһ·һϵ˵˾һ㶣ǿЦЦУ˵ڳԺڣ
ǲǵһ
˵˻ͬ˰
ҿɲǶˣҰҪɱ˸նɱˣ˵Ҫľ飬ô㣬Ҳһ˰ɣ
䡢߶Цɫ׶ޱȣȵǻûпǰľơȶ˼˵ȥϱ˵ƣҿúΪϵʮŸб仯
ôԣЩɵˡ


1643 λɣ
Ȼûаƻչ˳⣬ǣ˼Ʋ֮ʱȴǻŶңޱȵվǸվλϣ˲䲼ɱ
˾һ֪ܹһͻȻϮϵãһ˵ƣң˵÷ǳ׼ȷȷʵΪС
㶼ʲôֻҪԶ󷨣뵽˵ţ󲿷ֶܹµóҪʮŸ仯ҲʮżɱУʮżɱУһͽ಻ֱȫɱ⣬ȫֲݵɱ
ɱΪȡ˸ţɱ
ڶ̶ʱڣ֪ɱʮżɱУ֪˶󷨾˺̶ֳȣ
һ˿һ˿ʧصĸо߸˵𣬶˵ɫǶ񣬶ѿ˸ˣЦЦˣǰɽ壬Ҳôá
Χɱеĳϣѹɨһ߸˵ķӦ֮ЦǿǴˣѵͱһ仰סˣ
˶ųϣҧгݵ˵֪ɱʮֱ仯ѵƵ𣿾˭֪ĹԭµıأڵĴУܹõ𣿡
˵棬˵ҲǱһȴǽŸ˵Ĳ˲٣߸ָֻ״̬һӣħųǡ
ҲЦÿģ֦չģɾʱսһЦ¶ǻѪݣ˵ǺóԣҪǽȫ£ԸĨǾ͸ˡ
֮ǰ־սⷬ϶뵽Ƿãֱֲ˼Ļ棻ڣ뵽ģֻսҧָԵĻ棬뵽ȫҪսϸʣ˲һ
Ҫ˵ڶʱ˺Ȼ쵽ƣæסӣָһӣսЦðֻҪã۴ԶٴΣôԣСö㵽ס
үүͬʱʮһ㣬ҲǳعսؿڣϿ߸˻ָ˵ҪǣһԼûȫնʱײʱȻˣǾͽ֮ҽնȫˣλɣ
Ȼ˺ܶͬʱҲ˵˾ٵƴɱǣ˴ûڿս֮ǰֹľģöֽսӵʮ֡
Ҳųⷬ˸о˳裬ŭȵСӣ̫ˣɱɡŶ˻£߸ӿ
ʱǵбӿ֮У֮дĵԽԽŨһ㷴ͬ׵ĸֻ¾
֮УĹҽδɣԣܵӰ󣬿־ŨδѹŽʱߴ䣬վ֮λ
λִŨŨϢһͲʲô¶пܾˣǣȴԥأһ󺰣ҪĿ־嶼ϳȥһͬһʱλȥ
սվźλ
վλ
еʹվǬλ
սȻܾеҲǰճ˵ķλƶеʹֻţܵסɱ𣿡
ϵĺЦðӦɱѰ·ңܲ𣿼㣬˶ѣ
Ҳܵ˿־Ӱ죬Ƿǳ΢첻ʲôӰ죬һЦ˵ǿûˣ׼ȷ˵ֻĸˣ

˲⣬ȴ͵뵽ս˵ˣΪֻЦȴģ²ţѵǻεħޣ
Դʣ˲ȷΪûдսϸܵһħϢͬʱϼȵǻ꣬վˮλ
ǻ걻˳һźӰУһ𣬻δ뷨ٴκȵ꣬վԻλ
ҲѹˣСˡ
ţ߸˿ͷƤ飬շˣôһˣңǻ֮˱㷢֣ʩչɱ͸УиɢĲӿ
У˻ԣ
ϼ˵˶ųϣɻأ㲻ڰУҪʲô


1644 Ҳ飡
ʲôѾ𣿡
Цꡢǻֻ꣬ΪþǲҪ̫Ӱ죬УҪһ֮߸ˣսɱ
Ϊ˳ӢۣҪԼնȫ
ϴӲһӾףݺݵ˵һභԲֻһ߸棬棬ƾҪ£㱯
Ӱʧգֻʣ¾밧ˣǣ˵ܣǾʧˣڰУõʱ̷ţһ㴦ڸ߶Ƚ֮У׳⣬ʱǵɱоͻϮԭ⣬ҲɱıҪ
뱯֮飬ײŰ˵꣬Ӱ˵־ɰ֮ܵӰΪֳܹͣעųϵľֹȴǲܷģվλѹСҪеȥӦԡ
˿̣ϵüͷýǾ¡ֿȴоӰ̫Ӳʵ෴ЩûʲôӰ죬ü
һνӴնʱϴ˺ϻǵ߸漶ǿר鲼ķɱǿ򱶡
ƣĪ
ʵжôǿֻҪˣսҲûˣʵǿʲôãҪıɱǿþˣҪǵУֻɱոͱ־ˣǻСڻûгˮ׻֪
˵ʵҲɲŶԣתͷǻ꣬ܵӰ죬ߡҪСǰйƴɱЩдֻйˣ־塢ȵĿĲġ־ȵһĶǿЩ˷ʤԽá
ţȴܸо͵뵽һսʱŪǸʵڶԺ飬ǵꡢ飻۳꣬ȻҲ飻µı־Ҳ飡
ΪʵΪ飬ʵʵ飬֮䣬ʵڡ
뵽ؼ˵˼ϣֻ˵Сӣ㻹м֣Ȼֵܵ鹥ֻǸտʼɱУҿ㻹ֵܲܵס
밧飡飡
˺ֱ䣬صɱУʵ幥һ׼˼ǣȴû˸о˿в٣ô붼òԾ
ֱͨʵ⣬ʵ϶ϼ¥ԺУ棬ȻһȸûˣȻǲˬϻЩŭ֮ɫִ̽Ӵȡһֻ·;ƵƷױն塢ն似ӽն£
ϴ㿴Сӵϣ˷ŭı飡ŭ˵ĿЦ𣬶˺ȵôһŭôأԿˣԣҪŭҪŭ죡
ŭӰ֣һɱ䣬ŭ֮ϣŭǰı־˵󣬶ԳӰҲǿһЩΪбзŭ
ҷŭ˵ɲһ¡
ƫҪô÷׺˵һ˷ŭôأͬͬﲻŭǿɲУ
ŭӿǣ񹥻䣬óϷģ˵Ŀ⣬ųϣЦ֮£жսأ
۾һУЩԵеױɱû飬նܣȴǶԿ־塢һĶã⣬Ȼ뵽ȡʱնĽлǱȽ裬ѾϽڻԲ
Ľƴɱ
ʶ⣬˷ֱȳϸŭĸоϽųϺȵȻ㲻ϲŭЦЦΣѡЦأ쳤Ц
ϲ˵Ӱ֣Цݣ䶯üΪţΪЦȴֱƴؿɳ嶯ҪķЦˣǺпܾЦ
ŽһնЦĽ
߻ܿסǻ굹ЦˣЦȴЦĲһǱĵЦǻ껹˵񹥻깥û˼
Цݣȴ˱־壬ΪŨ


1645 Ӵˣη
ն֮ʱն
ͬģննҲҪ밧
ǣǰˣóϿ־壬óģؾֵ֮ˣɫ֮ǰһˣеĽѼЩͷˣ
һνǿȻϴĪѹȻԳ˵ѹǶѹ֮£ⲻһЩ⡣
һ˿⣬ƽʱʲôҪڹؼʱ̣˿־ͻᱻŴǺпΣ
óô֮־ն
ϳڿ־֮УϲʩչĴЦܣ񱻳ϸһ㣬Ӱ죬ֻɫԽԽŨˡ
ȻǿһĻ˼һϺȵЦȴҪ£ȻˣǾµøһ㣬µ£µ
Уɾ³ھѪʱϵ飬¶ֿ־֮ɫ۾Ŀ⣬ʩչܣſ־֮ͷëף·еһУ͸ſ־壡
Ϸο־壬ǾɫȾ˻ҪŨٱǽն֮´ķ磬մȾ˿־ζǿ꣬˺Ҫѿ
ټӰѾ־
˴ţóƴļʽȷʵӿ־壬ǣȴϿ־ˣնĽȴ͸Ź죬Īǻһֻ򣬴ﲻź˿ҲϵЧ
£˺ǣһն˵
һ䣬߸˵Ӱ˳ȫϣʩչǼնϣҲһ̣ϵĿ־ﵽ۷壡
־嵽۷壬һתǲ־壡
ϵо壬֮⣬֮⣬꣬ܣն壡
һն£ӿεĿ־ܣֱӱն룬ΣУ޾һҪϵľˣӴѪֹ˷ȥ
־屻ն
Ӵˣη
ϸоһˬ֮У֮ǰҪƵ꣬һΣøǿţһն֮Щв⣡
ͻʣöɫ䣬Ѿ˳ûлͷ˻ȥǲܣҶҲģԣ¾Ѫط͹
ҾͲţҾ֮ɱһ񡣡
ϵΪͻƱԵûпȥƣֻиᣬҪΪգܣȵûеƴʱԣ˳ȥ
ȭ
һȭƣأŸ˴󾪣һȭ֮æն˺ȻûˣȴǱ˿ȥ
ǿûˣʵˣǵƱһȭᣬ·磬˺ٴκɱȥȴֻ룬ǻɱ
Ȼ˲֪ǣղһǣǡȭܣ
ֱȵٿ־壬һ¶ͿԸˣϲãӣЩ˲Ǿˣϳһ裬һ֧裬Σ
ʣѾŤΣֳųȻһЦδ˵һ仰ַ飬͸ŨһƬأ˫ֱסΰأһ˼ı飬ǴƵĺ촽΢ţŽ˵磬Һ䡭
ó󣡡
ϵ˵³ֱšˣе㾪ʧ룬ôû˵£ȻȻ
ץ񡢷֮С
תۼ䣬ȴǻһҰ֮ЦСӣŮĺǺܿµġϣֶ£ͼӦ˷ܡЦоľ䣬ɫ˳֮ɫ
裬ƣٻӰ´¡
ǻ˵ʲô谡ûҼֻĸҡβͺÿ
˵꣬ǻԴϾͱһƣȻĵģֻ˵㶮ʲôһֻûĻǣ
ǻƣȴЦŸͣƿЩ˷ܣ񫣬һһԣѹ⣬ȫѹ⣬ǲ
ǻƷͷ㣬ȥĸоĲǿ󣬶ǶʲôֽţĽ࣬ơ
ûᣬѾ밧֮Уնɵնָǣϲŭǡ˼֡ǰ߸˵飬ȴϲŭ塢
֮ǰʵͬС죬һһкأ
һ밧ʱ˸о


1646 ϲ
Ұ
ϰ˶ΪΪ֮ǧˣ˲ҷ𣬰֣֮֮ɣ
ն֮ڳ衣
ȻǸоˣ뵽֮ǰ϶Դ־̬ȣ֮ǰ˵Ļ׳ǵĥʯҪһ似˺޺ǰն彣һͱôη㻹նҪҸ㣬㱯顢Ҫ㰧ҡ
뵽аЦ
׼ϣȫʩչˣȴǹǣҲͦͣǻվˮ֮λ֮Ĺڷ򹥻ȵȣȴս߽סûȫ£ΪҪþ䴦һд
ϱͶնйоʵҲͦǿܿˡնǡնĴ뾫裬˹ͣŨ
˼ظ֮ǰĹ£ţЦһΪһΣ˳İˣҪ۷֮ʱͻӿĪϲ֮飬һʲôأҺڴ
仰˵ûãϱŰ۷壬Ҫﵽ۷֮ǰһ˲䣬˴󺰵ϲˣȫҪˣҪҪ˷ܣҪЦ鲻ԽЦ
ϲӿһˮײڰ֮ϣϵĽһͣҪ꣬ϲ֮⣬רն֮ʱ˼תˮԣϲ밧ԣֻǣˮΪʵϲΪ飬֮䣬ܷҵñϲˮܹڡ
ô룬ô
Ͻϲ֮飬һУűϲζ
ǺϵϣһǰˣһɵЦ߰ϲ趯ĽҲҲһлǡն似һоͱˡնϲ似ߣǰжǡնϲ似оǡն似
߿⣬ЩǣϾˡЩ̫ƫ棬Щǣܲܶȹ֪ڴһ似˺߾Է٣
սߵһ˵ϴֻСè˻ֻҪչ˺ԼСսǺƣΪ߾Ȼϴ
ս仰ǸѣСèֻӻûгأһֻˣͱֻСèˡ
ôһ룬ޱȷ
ԵģжǣΪԼļıóѣﶼЦţ£ڻصҵսˣɱʮżɱУɲǳصģ
ɱѹԽԽԼҪѵĸоѽնϲ֮նŭ֮ն֮ն֮ȵȡ
ǣȴһѽûسΡ
ɱһиһͣѪˣɫ԰ˣ԰֮УЦŭ֮У籩еһСݣ·ʱضпܱϡãУǣûзҧѪСץ˴أ걩

ﴫȴǾŵЩȫˣһҪ£ڵʮʱֳ
Ҿ䣡
ɰܣ
ңɵ£
ֻҪһһڣ;ᵹ£
Ȼ飬ҾֻɽЩնĽ
ֻһ
ɢ
ϱңңǣԽңԽһ֮ͨУ񡰱ϲײ֮ʱǰܣóϸоǳɻΪûѰҵϲںϵķⱯϲԸˡ
һԣ
Ϊʲô
ɻУȴδͣ£˵ɱУһһѾʩչʮ˼ɱУɱӿڳ֮ϣĴͱ֮ϣ飬ͱ
ľǱߣǻ꣬ٿ˿ս񣬼ҲóϷֲģ⣬ȵҪٹǣеɱУȫ׼СӣֻҪʰСӣǾӮˣʹе
Ŀǰ˻վϷ磬ȴѾƴ
Ҳһ˲䣬ϵĽҵ˼£ٱˣϸоҲӻԲȴʼջһﲻںϣΪǸɻ
似ϵ˼ȴǷɵһߣ˺ܶೡ棬أԺиֳɽԶ֮󣬵һλص꣬صǸСԺӣ׵һ˲䡣
ףЦݣ۽ȴᣡ
дؾгΣͷζζһ˲䣡
ζЦҲڿޣ
໭棬һصһ𣬳ɻͣϲ


1647 ôն
ϲ
ǿ޿ЦЦô򵥡
ģᣬǼѵһֱ֣ǼᱳŨŨĵǡˣѩȻֶʧ٣ĴѰŵİˡĿȴĶûгԱûůûˣǷ񻹻
Щջһ𡢷ͣ˿һ˲ϲ
ٱζζһǧһ뿪ϣǻǳΣգųһȹǰ·;裬ǣȴò뿪ϣԶ򣻻ÿдʹ·ǳ֮ǻͬܣ޲ˣ޲һ̾ߣһ𣬼ȥȴȻܡ
еĿദһ˵ãεһ̣һϲ˵ã
кܶ໭棬Īˡ
ΪŴˣϲԣ似ȴ֮ͨУһ֣һС
ڳϲĸ֣һƬͨ͸֮ʱǿȻûԹţǻôҲоǧˣͬһʱ䣬Ѿҵµġնϲնֽ˲ںΪһ塣
ͬʱ˿롰ϲв԰ε״̬ЦˣǺܿĵЦȴ׶ĸоټһѻһ𣬾ܰûˣòŶ񶯰
˵ţ˺ɫָȻнն¡
ʱɱУϲޱҲϲϲ򱯶ŵĽȴûΪϲɢȥɢȥ
ϲ밧ˣѪˣɱɢң˴󾪣䲻׾Ϊʲôἱת£ǣӦǳݣϲá֮鱻նɲ䣬ʹа
˵˵Ҫад󰮣
һº͵գ紺棬ϿȥǰʯôģҪȡ߸ˣôؿɰ˲ȥ˺
Ч÷񣬰ÿΪ
˷Ըţͬʱų֮ǰն塢ϲĻ棬һ䣬ʮ飬أץס˹ؼ㣬ն֮УԼ뵽޿־֮УϲҲˣһննĲǵľ壬Լеľ壬еϲа
һ˴󾪣֮ʱʼ֮飬رŭ֮飬֮ȻףޱϲηԺźεȺô
ܸĴۣһҪȥȥжʻܣ尧ϲնҿܲնеİһ֮ˣάͬľٶͲնõ
ȷ˵ն˵նҪ˵֮У̵ʲô
Ǳ˵ĳЦķŭѹľ⣬Ǵһ֣߲Σʵǿϲá
ֻǰ
˰ѡ
ңңܲζС֮ʱңңҹͬԡѪܲܿȻΪҸ࣬ڣѪѣʮʣôն˾ͽҴ磬ﱼϮֻΪѪսСİȵȣôն˶ʦУڣãôննҰ֮ˣն
һУΪ˰ˣζܿðһУƴƴǿԴһһƾ̣Բϲŭȴܲ
򰮶棡
ǣȻ˰Ȼ˽
˵Ҫľľ㣬ﶬؼڵһУҪɱˣ
˵ҪԹҪкޣֻа

˵ȴǸ֮ǿ֮꣬飬˽ȥ˼һĻǣĪˣһ֮ˣҪն
켴˫гһ죬Ҫ׼˵Ŀ⣬ˡ
˵Ϊ˰һУһУ˫֣壬ġ
˵Ȼº͵𣬿ʵѾ³˾Ѫþȫطʩչ֣
֣֮ˣͻὣأԱȴͣ˽һЦ˵ллһй
ۣ
⻰ֱѪˣͺһ˿Ϸ󣬾úÿһöƵġ
֮밮֮ллΪŰʩչĹϽһζܿȵһʱ⣬ػ飬ݺݵҸһѡ
밮ΪնΪ˰ø
˼ûնȵĲ²棬ȴôҲ˲Եζ㲻Ҫնȫ㲻նõɣ


1648 ̫
㲻Ҫնȫ㲻նõɣ˵ĻѳϣΪ룬ʵֱ
ԴһԣϺ˵Ҫնɣն۶ôظôǿֺãҲգ
֪ϻ˵ĻһЦԹϵ˵ˣ㽫вֲĴȱݣ㽫ԶҲﵽԲľ磬ΪʹͣͲǰ
ˣԸȱݣԸԲ
Ц˵仰ö˸оĿûдﵽԤڵĿ꣬߷ߵ˵Ȼն˰ǾͺðˣԶҲɱ󣬽죬аɣ
켴˷Ըˣ飡
ȻһллѪǣųûնҲûв塢ϲ˵ĺ󳾣ʩչѲ˶
˽ĵڶ׼˵鶯ӿˣǸֵˣҿܲܽҲն
ݺţ˵ĿϣɱɱУȻӿаնҾ󲻵ãԹޣ񣡡
ͬʱõˣʩչľ֮ٵЩջĶҪͷųһϢϢ˵Ĺ
ϲЦˡ
ʵ˵ĹԳϻӰ죬Ӱ컹Сǣ˽ʩչһɱʱǸӰ죬ת˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ûˡ
һУ޴˵ȷ˵һĴɱУǣԳûãΪˡն似
һ㣬˲֪ΪҪһʵϣϸ˵ϵġնһ©©򰮶֮ˣնˣζ
ǣǰˣǳ
Ц˵˵ʵڻûңǧǧ֣̰ȵȣֻһ֣ͼģ
һ쳣ӦûУ΢Ц˵ǲ㰮ңһ˵¾Ѫʩչóϰˡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ
˳ʵΪʲô
̫ˣ
һ仰Щ󣬶½˴һÿ϶Ŀ˵ģȷʵ̫ˡ
㣬Ҫ㡭𡪡١
ƴˣӾǳϺмǧ껯ĳһϾܣ콣˵˸ǣն似ˡ
˵ϵĿɨʶ⣬ϼ˵⣬ҲնԸ㣡
ŷӰսƵĶˣ⻰Ϊ˵ǼٵģȻˣôܲʩչأҪ༥ֻ˵Ҫõǣ֮޳նɱ
һն¡
˵Ľ͵һͣǱͷ˲ͨ죬ߵĻһ㣬һڼ٣ɢǧӣ֮ζŨʮΧϢĶ궯
״̬е˱Ǳӵ״̬
ϧ˵һڶЩԾˣ˷쭣ԵĲǳϣԼʱŵ˹ġʼ˷£ֱӿԼ
˿ĿɿڴǴûʩչˣΪһʩչȴǶ˶Ʋá

˻гԻҵƵʣ˫еģɢҪŨжŨ˺ǣǰ
֮£˸Ǳ䱾ˡ
˿һУɫޱȣĺƻóãȴԼӣô죿ˣƺЩܣ״̬˭ȥǡ
ͻأ뵽һ⣬һЩ˵۾ʼԼﶼӿһĸоæ˴󺰵ˣСӣܹ㣬죡
Ҳ֪˵Ժﻹһ˿ǡ㡱˱÷ֻǳϡնɱ覴õԭ򣬷ǳȥˣЦһģ
˼״ٺϧһдۣΪģɱ
ɱɱУѴʮżǣվλϵľ䣬ȻܵСѹȴغü֣ҪĽֱѹ˻ȥ
ʲôסҵĽ
ںں˵ǱߣȻ˳ĳϣȻ䣬ɫ䣡


1649 
ɫԭΪ˻
Ļ
𣬴ðƽ֮ָ࣬оƽ֮žԵĲͬɢŨŨ
ǡ
ţϵڵĵ󶯣̽ȥȴǵ棬δõĺģҪɢšĻ˵ǿҿ
ֵĻֵĸоȴó̹һ𣬽ɳ׵Ļ𣬴˻ǧʩչɱУܷٵʹǧ˵ΪȻ˲ʮǧɾ͵ط˵Ҳǿ
뵽Щ뵽Լñ˵ŭȵ顱ĻԼЩףԽԽ͵Ļѵܹ𣿡
˱ǻѾʹϵѪ⣬Ҳڱ𡱷ڿɫʱΪԼļƻܹɹʵʩҪһӿϣͻɱȴ˳ųϵĿ⣬˵ı仯˱ȳϻҪ𾪣ѿֱˣ𣡡
𣿡
Ͼף˼˲ӿ֮Ϊ飬Ϊ𣬿𣬾ȻܹʵĹЧ⡢⣬ʵ𡭡
ǱߣƺѾ˻Ҫնɱ¶ȫֱֱˣǣȻףǶô𣬲Ϊ棬ʵǴս֮ǰǿٱǧ
Լ޵طڹ֮УȥӰˣһǾֱԵԼ
о仰ô˵
֮£ÿĵˣԼ
˿ܺսʤˣҪսʤԼԼȴǺѣֻҪ΢һ룬ͻףĹǶôǿôı̬
ǣǸˣ޾壬ްȵһеľż޾У˻ڣ֮٣
ǿ׷ģģֻһѣǻŭǻ𣬶Ҳǻǻ
ȻֻҪˡ顱ĲΣ˵ǻҲ˵ˮȵȣֻҪںϾУЩҪҪ飡
գ޳㹻СӵõһǹϲҹˣΪ˿԰Ҳҵ˷򣻵ڣŸûһϲ֮飬еֻǳüĶˣˡ
Ϊյˡ
ң״̬е߻ħǰף
ǲ˶Ǽֵ̫󣬿ǣǸǰȥȣֻҪˣпܾǱĽ˵гһ࣬ôǳأ
ͬʱˣɱɱУѾжˣ˻ܵ˲СӰ죬ȻҲܳ󣬿ɱɱ˵С˲٣
ʱ˿ֻ̣ؿţ˵ӣ𽥼٣ֻϣܹڳ嵽ǰ˺ݺݵغˣܿһ㣬ܿһ㣬һҪСӱסҪҲҪͬھһٵûҷ𣡡
Ǳߣߵϣޱȵأ߿ڡ𡱵һЩ伮֪𡱵伮˵á𡱣һɱǧ֮
ʱ߿伮ʮֵ𾪣ǿġ𡱣ɣǿĸ½̤Уǣ伮ûҵ𡱣
ѰӰֱһ죬һУһʯдŵһ仰ߣ˵ö֮
仰߸տǿʱȣһ߲֮ף֮ˣмûʵǶôǿܶһˣǷŭȻȺ֮
֮ҲҲԭ򣬶Ǳٵˣ㣬߲ڷĴ㡣
Ҳţп϶Ҳʵ⡰̫ǿ
ǣߴԤϣʱգȻۿЩߣûһ㼤飬ֻǴԳϺϣҪ㣬Բܣ֮ǿл𣬴֮ѵֵ뿪뿪
˵棬ߵĿѾ
ȻûܣֻʹֵԽԽ


1650 ֻ֪Ҫ
һ˽Ծ
ĲˣлꣻǻҲǰǰ㵭ˣȻ֪壬֮ǰӰ첻󣬿ǣðƾǴתǵĿˣ
ڣˣѾ߻ħˣҪȻĵһӦӣӣӵԶԶģʱˣŲܲˣ˻Ҫһ漣𣿡
ǻҲųϣϵʱ̫٣кܶණףˣ˵ʲôǿǣǰҲǵֵסɣ롭
죬ȻҾͳ㣬ȻǱ΢ǣɶ˵еô㣬ʵ壬ͻһ
ǻ˵һ֣ĻУŲΣЦڳЦϵԲ֮෴˰Σȴ¶˾ģһѣܹǰһһδ漣
ԣͷ϶ǣ׼ȳһвԾʱͳȥһ˺ģԴڶԳĪţ档
ѶӮˣй͵ϰߣõĶ϶ˬ
սץסսƣ۾
վڰλϵľ䣬Ҳо˳оƱ仯֪˳ϿһΣյľأȴһݣѪ
Ѫ
ߣϲ˵һߵߣЩţϾһ˲ţʱգ϶¥
ħˣϷֻԳһˣ߻ܵӰ죬һļ֮Уܲ˵ش󺰵ϣһ˿̫ǿ
ߵĻ˴ˣ˺סǣѣն
ǣ
Ÿˣ˺ٴβ
ŭ䲻ĸоϣ֪ʹгɳԵٱǿ𣬲ʹ࣬ҲԵȫȫأ㽫ԼأǰǡǡҲǸƣҲã˵ĴƣȻСڡ
ϣһԣ
ϵŲңƽش
ԣ˻뿪
ߵһΰڳܵɳĵʹӣΪ˳ϺãȴЦ뿪ǻÿϵϣ˷ȫˡ
ûˣֻǶ˵ϣлл㣬ûôģаգ
У
ٺȣ伮ص𣬸ߵĳ̫Ȱϣתս˵һ֣ѳߣȻ
˵꣬ս˵ҲϴĶ֣
ʹȫߣûġ
С
սҡͷ
ս𡭡
֪𣬵Ҹ֪ϴ󣡡
ս˵⼸֣߶ַĸоֱ˵治֪׸ǳʲôҩ֪Ҫ
˵˵ȴû뿪һս״һЦϴǴһ漣ģ
𣿡
߻ǲţʵҪһǧ棬ֻҲᱻն⽴Ǹȴһнм࣬ʵ̫󣻾˲ܿ𣬾ֻǸոճмҲһ֣
ʱߵĽ֮УڶǵڴУ˫ֱ˳ϵӣ˿̣˱û֮һӣϲ˱ס似ʩչ˸ֿ
һĻ˴ЦѣСӣǴηϧ֪η֪жǿסûõģն˰㻹ֻҪһͻᱻ𹥻Сӣˣ
Ҳ֪жǿֻ֪Ҫ
ϼᶨƵһЦ˵㻹аհ㾹Ȼǲ֮£Ц
ȷʵϱ𹥻ˣǧ֮ܵʹǧشҪϵȫȼͬʱǱס˫֣ˣǽյûѪת˸һٰʮȣͷųϵ֣һҧ¡
˫ţӣҲϲȥ
гʹģ𣬡ҡҪҪ㡭ңݡݡġ塭
ޱ飬ϳУȥ


1651 Ǹ˲Ŷ
У
ʱ
ɵˡ
ɵˡ
пˣǻ꣬ɵˡ
ͷĿѣѣ׹޾Ԩĸоֱҿʲô𣬶Ҫ𣬳ܻ𣿡
ţ߲ͷս˵ҿģ
ģ
ս㶵³֣
ң˵Ҫţ
ߵǱУҪܺóϣԳϼ̫ͻȻߺˣߴԣսȴǲٷ㶣˫ۻָʣ˵ϴ󻹻ţ
ֻڣǶûм𡭡
Ҫսһڵ伮ϣս˵ҪǶһѣ߻ش𣬵˵еʹȿȥ˵

һ̾Ϣ
ԺȴһֱǸĻ棬ԼҪ䣬Ҳڴ䣬ǶôΪ𣬲ǸĻҲ޽
Ǹ߶Ƚţͣ߶ţľֻûأ˿϶̵ܷģ϶ܴ漣ģ
ĽѳΣ
෴ǣɵ֮ȴǿЦ˶ų˵ҪȥˣȻڡ
˶ã˸ʹּ࣬õʹø죬ûбٵѪ⣬䶯ţ۾ֱϡ
Щһ壬ʹഫס뵤֮ڣ뵤ĵ飬ͬͻһȥ˽ȥ
齫ˣһҪǵûݳָоһԲãǳϾ͵
㣬ùͷȵȡ
֮ϾԲŹᣬһҪģˡ
ﴫĻȴǿЦѣǸˣǣʹȴóϳˣ͵ǵֻһ
һϢ䣬Ϣ䣬Ϣ䡣
Ϣѹ
ɫٱ䣬Ѿôϣ۾˼Ŀ⣬һƴϣĪǳշҪܵĻ
߲ȥȴּսսյøʱ׼ų֣¶Цݣǻ𾪲ѣнڱǿ
Ǹ˲Ŷԣ
˿Ȼޱȵʹ࣬ȴûӱٵģѿھȵܣô̵𣿡
ѡ
ӦŷҲо𣬲ͬʵ𣬷ꡢںϳɵ꣬ΪҲˣ
Ҫľ֮һ
˼ţڿҪҪʩչֶΣֵһϢֵΪٵ޻걻ٵ͵һµģ϶Ǹġ
ˣ˵Ϊһ·ͽѾ˰澳磬ۿҪ澳һۣ񾳣Ҫ澳磬ȻԺʩչ𣬻дӰ졣
ϵȻúˣˣΪûȫôģҪ̽£ܣбһӽϵ𣬸һ˰˾žţֻʣº΢һЩ
һܵġӰΪͣʵԭʩչҲ࣬Ҳָѡ
˫һݣʣµһ˸ɾȻ˸Ρģ˻ԹȥȻԣȻôĳϣҲǼ䲻ܣʹ糱ˮһһ֣
˼״Щ۾Ļ棬˾ôˣȻһȴǱǵĵȣңô𣬾ȻûбΪȻ֮
⡭
˲þȣ˲ܷŹᣬҲҪ£𣬾ûӰ죬ᣬһ֣նɱˣپˣʱǾˣ
Ҳ仰üɷɱϣʱ˫죬ȵҳն
ʱһѪڿգŴ˵նѷ죬Ҳͣҡ
ͬʱսս£ǻߵǰ棬ԼҲȥһצ£ߡҲûţɱȥ


1652 ľ
𣬺ø
˿̵ǳܣƺܲڼþΡģͬʱе뵤ʱɲǣϵһѹƵ尾óϲòȫȥ𣬾޴ȡСڣҲЩѣ·ֻҪһɣҪĵȵȷٸɸɾһΪҲǴ󽵣Ȼ֮
ǸΡģ뵤ѹյһݰ㣡
ֻǣϻɻ󣬡ʱҲûôǿҪȻͱٳɻˣΪεҵڡڣͱ֮ǿΪ˵ԭ𣿿ҵ꣬ǿܶ࡭
Щʣϲ֪ɳ֪ҪʱþŴɱľƣѣٲҲʱѹ֮µľ䣬ڼѪ
Ѫգھ˺ѷ죬Ÿ˵ķ©һѪնѵĿɲǾ󣬻ΧĿռ䣬ˡ޹سɲĿռѷ졣
Ϣʱ䲻ѪΪľѳޣ
ɫֲ԰ף糺죬мַŭɫͬϳִţѪѣԥѪȵѪ
Ѫ
Ѫ

ÿѪɢȥľ⣬ѪټµĿɲһѪ֮Ѫһƴɱ֮ʱǻطģ򲻵֮ʱѪʩչط
ΪѪʧ˺ǳⷽѪĻָܲףɾȴܲˣȻ֪𾿾Ǹʲôеʹôʧ̬ȻһǱƴĳϣǹؼʱ̣ܲӰ죬ݲôţһþŴ˹˹ȥɲ룡
˿Ҳʲôһֻ࣬ҪԼеƴȥػסѪϼѺԽԽսս£ƣŴҲǸΪɱŴȻռƣϾǹЧ
ȻҪȥǻ꣬ϵǶˣͷǣֱ˶ȥΪ˵ϴı׶˺󣬶˱ʩչ򹥻һȷʵ˲˺ûֻʵ廯ǣֵŹ򹥻ͬʱϹ˵ꡣ
ǻϵǰˣǿŵô
߶ϲˣϰˣսնˣھǰͻŭˣŭ˶Ծ˵СӣѪɲµģȥ²˼ڣ͵һغˣ㲻ҲҪˣ֪ʲôʱָܻαأΪһȥ㲻𣿡
ѪĽ⽣Ľ޻ڣ
ŭ˵Ļû߽һ˿־þƴŭ˿ģﶼһ飬æ򹥻һ֡
죬ŭ˱նĴ󲽣϶һѺۣ£ŭľˣΪԶǽҲû̺ϤĹһ࣬ƫƫǱնˣնˡ
Ľ棬̺ŵʲô֮󣡡ŭȴǷЦСӣƴҲûõģȲҪģһ
Ľնննն
δţֻն֮ǰĽѵŭʹδĹ֮ƣȻѾ̤澳ǵľҪϣڹ򣬱ԣڵδȫ̤һţ澳ʩչǲҲСӡ
Ȼһײ֮£ŭ˵Ĺնˣŭâٿ䣬ѪҪ¸ɾСӣȻڷĳ֪ı仯
Ȼҵĥʯ
ŭŭˣоԼ˵Ӱ첻̫һѽУľ
϶žƴҪǰȴλϣҪȥͲŭ𣿡
䶢ֱۣŭˣŭΪԼĻЧϽŨҵ֮ŭ鹥Ҫþŭŭʰ䣬׶ˡ
ŭҲǽ
ʲô
䲻Ѫȣ֮ŭŭն
Хƿա
ŭ˵ն˸飬ܵɣŭɫ䣬ǣӦ̺ĶĽܿˡ
ŭն
ŭն
ŭն
նŭ˵ٴգŭ˺ۣ׹ǣ俴ռϷ磬ʵѵ֮Ҫʤ׷ѾͿˣޱȣ֧ŲǾѪǽӽݽߡ
ŭ˿ӿʼҡΣЦСӣ¾Ѫ²ɣĽնôնˣСӣҸ㣬ˣɣ㲻ûţһҾǸ㣡
˵øˣŭּסӣξѪ˻Ƶն
꣬ľ׮ȥ


1653 
䵹ȥ
һĻȫĳϣ˸Ȼŭ𣬾ждΪĵ˽򣬲ûˡ
˴ϵ֪ϢʱԺĳ뷨ǾΣҪʹµĽ򣬻Ҫǰ
һֱڰԸƴɱԵϸȻ֪д㹻ؼܹͣŵȻˡ
ʵ֤ȷʵЧһս֮У˽ҪģҪ⽣øǿԣþվڰλϡ
Ϊþ䲻Լ·϶ûʼСȡ鶼ڳϵĿ֮УҲòСڣȴϳô¶
ϰѾλϣȴþȥڣϿɫصȥһѾֱնŭ˵ڣŭȴû¶һɱȥ

һ𣬲ܲ˵طȡҪѶýСڴ޴зų߳ȡ֮ڵ𣬸ŰŭҲ֮Ӱ졣
ǰ۶ŭŭôܣҲûжϵǱϾֻһɴʱ˿̣ȫȻͬΪϿ֪ŭ̫ʢһӴǷŭҲתΪһֲɿصĻ
Ǽȥпܵ³߻ħ
ȴû˿ǣ¾Ѫһ㣬ȡҪġԲΪ
һĻս߿ˣҲˣսҪؾ֮ʱ˴ţϧһдۣסŭ˽Сɱˣһ̣Ǿʤߣ
ƴ
˶ʮĳϣЦˡ
һ˵ȴֻһ˲ѣۿŭ˵֣Ҫն䵤ȫȥѹȫұ֮ϣ޴ȥ
ʱŭ˵ؿͻرѿôһѪնŭ˵ӣǧף顱һڵϣôҲ
ôᡭ
ŭɫȾ仹Ҫ԰ף֮ǰնضɢΪ֮ǰĽһˣȴϣҪն£ؿͻرܣն£һӡ
⣬ֻǱϵġ
ʵϣ⻹Ҫصö࣬ŭ˸оԼĹһ㣬ΪҲնˣȷȷʵʵĸо
Ľ̺ʲôҲնˣˣãҪŭ뵽Ҳʼˣնһֱۣ¾ѪʩչطԼվȥ
ͻһĻöɵˣҲ벻ףһֻΪСӣնŭˣֱŭվ˲ŷһ£Ծڵ״ֻ̬СҲɱŭҪģߵǰֻҪߵǾͱɡ
Ȼˡŭǣһֻѩ׵ӡ
ӵŭ˵ǰ档
վǳųСڣϽСڻסǣҪʵܷâ̫¶ϾڻĹԭУ˵һ춯صƴɱ˲˵ע⣬̵أ
СڵǷ˳˱ϣɸոշԸĳϣȴذΧ֮Уϵʼٻ٣СΪҪ۷塣
ǰϲںΪߵͣǵûʲôʶΪҪԣΪ󽵣ɸϴ˴鷳ʱĳϣ˲ˡ
ڽʱ͹رǿ࣬ɳϻȫֵһɣͬ˲Ҫһֱǿ˲٣ͬŭҪŭҲ
С
Ͼƾ͹ΣյˣǴʹڵģкĵҪԵĿûˣȡ֮ģһֳԱ˵ĸо
ԱˣôܳԱأϿЦѣΪƾŵǿʲộʲô죬ʧǰˡ
ףⶼǺ̫ǿûȫָԭӦʵԭ򣻳Ҳ׵黹һ𣬿ǣһ͵ĴֻǱˮнѣת˾ƣ
ңҲõ̵̫̫࣬࣬ǿҪģ
˵飬Ǿʲôˡ
ƣҪΣжΣգһ˲пǣϾʹ䣬ҪҲսҵ
̲ˣ㣬ϵ𣬻صڻĹԭ


1654 ͵СڣΣ
һˣһá
Զ۵Сۡ
һȫע߶Ⱦ裬һȴģĲɡ
߶ȾģȻŭˣȻֻһӣǣ³οֻӻǴǸܹˣڻûСŪģҪô򵥵һֻӣǲܵġ
һֻ·˾û
ÿ
Сͳ䣬Ȼצڵϣ˼٣Ȼŭǵɵô۾£ٳһĺܲŭֱҪΣĹԭдݲ˵ܲˣܲ϶ӵĽСȴҧһڣںܲһݡ
֮󣬲бۿŭһۣ˵Ѫڣ
С˵仰Ǹѧģûֱŭ˵Ժŭ˻һݣĵȻֻӲ򵥡
ŭţȴҲǱ仰úģ˭һֻвֻ¶ܣŭΪأŭȵӣ㲻ÿӾͰˣ
Ѿû˺·ŭˣûжʱСڽȥؿڻڽѪط߶ڹȥŭţȴȡһηʩչطСնȥ
Сڼ״ֻǷ˸ۣмغһҧ˿ںܲŭ˶ڷŭоС㶯ŭ˴ŭˣһֻӣ㻹ӣ
ţŭնȥ
˲伲
ûк¡죬ҲûСϡıûŭеӱն룬ѪɵĳеģֻޱȵСڣһצץܲһצץ̺Īܵķϡ
ŭ˵Դһӷˡ
Ȼն˺صˣطʩչһйҲǲ򵥣˵еľηһűĳһɱԽá
Щһ𣬾ͣҲԽն˰ɣȻʵȫ෴ӱø
ĺˮŭ˵Ķͷð˳˿һʱҲûκ뷨Ͽ죬æȵŭˣ
ŭϽηעҪſڣȳһʱŭֲһɣ˲䣬η͵ӵС
ӹš
һ֣ûµóСڷһצŭĵڵأŭ˵ͷеҧ˺ܲ
ֱͷƤ飬ʵ˲֪⻹ǳСʵԭҪȻСһŭ˾ͱһֻСèˣȻҲпС֮ࡣ
Ȼ﷢ȴҲһð취ԶĳϣЦæȵǸСܵɣѾˣֻҪټһ֮УҰеķȫСӣһ
ôԣߡսʤ˴ţҶ׳ڵĴΣգˣ㶼¶ЦݣЦУͳ˷
ڻĹԭı߾ΧڸɱԽɱ˲ˣ˲ٻϵķȻǲ٣һͣͳһѣ󲿷汦Źű
Ҫʱһѩ׵ӰӶǵǰһζһʱ䣬뵽ľֻӡ
תͷȥ˱㿴ŭ˵϶һֻӻڿкܲȼ䣬ԺзһóҵҪܶ෨
ԣ˲ѪӿҪķܹɹӳСӾӲѣɣڣȴ˷۱
ͬʱ룬ʩչ깥Ҳ˵ľƣҲ˿ֻ̣ϣϵֵסķɣҷ
תԪյޱȣ٣󣬿ɴʱȴЩȻתɿ죬֮٣ǳԱ˻ûĵй֮޲
㣬ҲǳһŴƣʱҲת˳Ͼ֣֮ʹֶȥѹƣţô죿ѹƲͻԽԽͣʵʵ𡭡
ʵʵϻһݣʲôæ̽㣬̽ϱٻٵһϸ֮󣬳ܱǿٻٵٶȺȴûӦǿЩ˵乥ĲλˣӦԭҲ˵ǡ
ʱ˫죬⡣


1655 
ڵ㣬
أ
ֻ
Ȼʱ򣬷Լ˾꣬ȻȷȷʵʵԼģҲľȷڡ
Уת㣬Ҳͷ
ǧһ֮ʣҲΨһƴһģ鲼ӵ꣬ۼڵоǣ׾ͱˣھ£Ĺ֮У껹ŨǰɽΡ֮СýܼΪ
ü˼֮ɫΪ걻գҪѰһܷԭ𣿡ϲ²ţѾȫѭ
ܿ죬ȫ˵ȴμ
Ҳ˲ȥ룬Ͻǵʩչӳܣԡ𣬲Ч
꣬ʡ״ˣҲûн֣ǽ̾е꣬תٶ
УѵҪ𣿿ǣΪʲôΪأʽܷܲã
ţɢֳתһתоܱͣ˵ãǣܣǿЧ΢
ϴ˿ûзŭҲûֹͣǿϸоЩյꡢΪ֮࣬תϣʹǿ
ָоóٴοЦǰƴɱУ棬棬˼ҵΪϣֵˡ
УڶҲУֻ취뵤ôԶʲô޾ʹ˼ţ꿿תŵ㣬ȴǸоѡ

뵽ô׾£ҶǱƳģ꣬ҲӦñһơ
£ϲ㣬ƴٴڿ̣֮ǰڵ֮ڣɳȡСʱѹ͸ų˳
Ž뵤ԽԽ࣬ܵвŵ顢㿿ϼЧ̵øͬʱﻹţڰ׹˵︺㲻Ҳһǵأ㱾ӦҲ֮һɣ
֪ڰ׹ڶҳдľʲôһһ
Ϊ飬ΪʵʵΪΪ
뵽⣬۾͵سһһ룬Ϣ֮䣬Ͼһԣһԣڵ飬С
ʵ֮Դ֮ʵںϳʵڶΪԴĵ꣬Ϊʲôڣοߣҵģ
ţʮ֮˾ŵ𣬶˵뵤ߣɾߣȴǿԽǵĪ
еȫӿ
ȫӿ߾ֻֽʣһ˿˿ȴζǰˣϲԼŪ굽ô¶ף뵤Ҫڣ
Ȼڣһܽ𣻵ǲڣ;ԲУ
ܴ㣬Ȼܻ㣬ڣھ͸һ𣡡пȣһо˳ϵľģټеӿ
ԲΣһײ˵
ȻûڣھҵײţóʹޱȣһģѾоʹŹȥΧ˵飡
ϣϻð̣·ƬƬ飬أڣΣķֱҪ궼յǸܵȥҪ𣬵ֹͣſʼںϡ
ں൱ѵģ
ٰܾʹǧѣһ˿ںϣһ˿ںϣڷյһͣʱϲá
овóȥ̾ȥոײУ𹥵Խͣ顢ںϵٶȾԽ죬ڵ߶ڷڱ仯ǵڵɫȵ˱仯ֻǣٵʹеĳϣֲȥⷬ仯
ŵ顢ڣԪҺУ·㣬Ҳڷű仯ȣˣǵ飬ҲȴǺˣ
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
תʮϢ
ʮϢʱ䣬Ը֪ԼôȹģֻǸоԺһںԼűʩչʱ뵽ģζȵȵҸ棡
ҪػЩЩˣЩҸ
ҲڵʮϢ
ȫڣ


1656 ĥ
ܵǶôĲʡ鲻ԸվǱϸˣٱϿҲûʱȥϸ
ڣԭĵǰСֻǣԭֹ̬ĵ飬˿̣Һ̬Ǻ񣬳ϸҿ϶ǾԲҺ̬Щ졣
һڣ;Ծȴ¸ҵʿͳȥ굤β˱ܣ˸ӲӲ˱ʼŨҪԵĸо
굤̴ˣ굤ȴ޼£
ΪԼĶԣ·תʱƽʱһĸоӿȫϴ󾪣ǲǿݽˡ
һʱ䣬Ͼ뵽ʵڶһʱҲǲ㽫˸ɾΪԴ͵ڣҪȻ

ԪҺãѭҲϣȻеҲ緢ǲ
ô죿ɫˮ֮Ѿڵ棬ʲô
ϵһռѷ죬ԪУ޾ӦܵһӣǣΪѾյõټϼӣ˺ѷ죬Ծȥ
ˣϻǴϣ˺ܶĿռѷ죡
ʵõģǻСڣϲСڱ¶̫࣬ⳡƴɱأҪ˵û˳û٣׼侮ʯ̵һǧһţǻĹԭڴ汦ǱϾֻһܵãϵıǿǺɾܵõҪȻ˸ҪһɱԽأ
УջԲС
һ׼ɱϲ˵ĴУնΧΪˣߺһϲ׼ûɱʱС˼汦ϲˣûúУһϲˡ
һ裬㹻ˣתɱȥڷϣһҪɹ
һն˰ѷ죬Ͻѷ͸Ŀռ֮̽ڣ굤ãֻǣѷ͸١
ʱѷ굤̳ٶȣѾǽûйɣ͵ؾҪֹͣӡ
ڴ˿ٵ𣬵ҲҪ״ֲ̬˶೤ʱ䣬ͻݽߣС
˵굤ںȻֵĽǳϻһ㣬Թ̫ǿò굤ڣȴڳΪУĿ
ȥ
ڣԪҺܼԴԴϣѭȴУΪ䲻ƣҳѾоʹ
侲侲һҪ侲
ǿԼ侲ʱҪٻңǾûоˣ˼תڤ˼룬͵뵽ڵǳѨϣԣǳܣ
£ոԪҺʮǳѨϣǳѨȻõʱ٣Գ˵ȴǰתҲ
굤Ҫȫͣʱһſǳ֣Ѩǳתεǳܴעڣ˳ϵȼü֮תӿ죬굤ֳ˼Сڡ
ǳ˵ҲԴԴϣÿӿڵ굤Ǻܲ
ֻȡеǳˣҪø࣬ҪٸǳѨϣʲô٣뵽֮ǰսɱĻ棬ҲˣţڵѾٵòôǿ˵汦ܱٳǳѨϡ
볯Сڴ󺰳Ժ֣һݣȻܹǷٳǳѨӦòʲôɣ÷ѨϿö࣡
취Ǻð취һǰᣬǾҪӵϽüһ˫ֻԲ֣ڰڵڲλϣͬʱѪ֮ҲγһһȦ׼

һȣ˵
һҲûţųϵҪ뵤֮ڵӦϣֱһջȽ˳سҲֻɣǹΪ֮һ
ƴ𣬳˵ţһרŸ㻭̣ط٣ҪҷٳһӦ
Ժмټ㡢


1657 ٳѨϣ˳
ȶԣѨϵݣȾ׶ˣϾѨǸǳģѭֻҪڵʲôطٲʡ
ܿ죬Ͼ;һǳѨϵλã
ʮǳѨϣ
ָһλ˵оĴҰŰѪüͷܸ𻮳һרŵĵأ
˳ϵҰ˲Ժһ⣬н˳ӦҲܸѨϻϵ̡
תеķλʱд⵽ڣɴССһУǽӴ棻ڣϽСǸУڵʮǳѨϵλϡ
һϣͱ棬̾͵·ǰУ֮УûֹͣգʮǳѨϴʱǴ磬һӾͷٳѨϣСǳѨϲࡣ
ϽţϽƿȻոŪѨϾͻӰ죬ͬʱݳʮǳѨϵλã֮·γɡ
һѨλãһ߷ճѨϣϸ߶ȼУ˿󣬵֮ڵľƣֱüΪҪ̵ʱڣ֮ܣٳѨϣԱΪ굤ṩ
ͬʱеľƽֻƴɱ˫̬ܲһսޱȣ˿ٻص֮ǰĶӾƣֻŭųԺܲӣȴһݴڴڴܹɹ˿Ǽֱɱϲ˺˲ѡ
ǵȴһƬӰƴɱˣԤϵ飬̫̫ˣôɱԽĶˣԶȻҲ²⵽п϶вڿ̽ڵܾˣ㵽ӮˣҲᱻ׷ɱ
ʵ볷ˣ˳ˣֻҪŪǿɱʲôǿǣȴˣֻӸǳΣյĸо
ģΪεܺýû뵽ء˺ݺݵ˵ţĿ񶾵ؿ۳ϣСôѲĽ֮˲ɣ
һĳͷ˾ˣܣֻ֮ҪֻҪԽԽֱٳɻҽаɣ
ȷʵ²⣬ߵƴɱֳĶ̫ˣڷԲЩ˰Ҳûҵھżڴǿǣ˺һЩȻҲзڴжõˣִŵѰţЩ˵ǲΪֻҪõڴУڻĹԭеߣӲǵġ
ЩϹǿߣģ㿴һʵϷǿϵĻʱ˴ʧɫɻѣɻˣһֺܿͲɻˣȰܵĴôⲿҲǾޱȣͬʱһҪõΣҪõ
ʣµǲˣȻû𡱵Ĵ˵ȴҲǶǿ󣬺д󶯣ǸСӵʵԽնɱߣֵʲôҪǵõڴʱ϶һɱС
Ǻײ׵ģҪֵ⡣
ٺע⵽һֻӣеķϣеĲΪ⣬ŭ̫˵ԵʣΪֻٶȲһĿ죬Щ
Ҷڵ̣Щ󲿷ֶǵǹƥģ뵽ĹԭȥˣҲ⡣
˿̣ĳ˾һ̸ţ磬ǻ𣿡
ٵȵȡ
ҪȰ
ҪסĲ룬ǻȸˣ
ҪʲôʱҪǸĽǾûлˡ
ߡ
һߣصôֻǲ֪ʲôطѹסط𣬶ǶҪˣֻӣҲܷŹ
İɣ磬һУǵģҺϲǸӣ꣬治֪СȥŪ꣬Ҫܹ
ˣЩ˿Ҫסˣ
˵䣬ͻأֳһӰӰֳеץСڷŭϵһѷеץСڣеץսսеĸɴֱǻץȥеץˣеģֱϹȥ
ͻ˲籩Ϯ֮ʱڷٳھʮſǳѨϣ״ȻϣˣЦΪҺ۸


1658 
۸ľ㣬
ϵһߣͷһڣһףֳ̬˿ûнˣΣĳϷֻΪ϶ãһоܸɵҪģһݵþ͵ߣ
ǲһ·ˡ
ܻߣܰѳʱͻس˵СЩŹ֣ȰСӴηŵ˵֮顣
á
ԳϷſԵĺڰ׷һôһ֣ȷʵڻûˣһĹŹ֣Ҫƴɱ˳㷭Ŀɳ֮ǿɲ̫
ͳһϷȶԸϵߣӳһЩҪ̽һڰ׷ҲˣȴǲΪ⣬ﻹţжôعŹ֣йȥҲ治ʲôһΣϷתìͷҲʰˡ
ţйĺڰ׷ߣͻطֳ϶ˣֻϽڵﲿֵ˫֣˿ڰ׷̶㻹𣿸Ϸ£
ƺ糤չעҲͬһʱ䣬˫ֶ׼ڰ׷ߣ£˫֮У͵رüС켴һǸոշٳھʮſǳѨϵ֮·͵ط˳ǺƺС
˲䣬ƺܱڳڱǿ౶𣬷ٳһͨ·ںڰ׷ߴв֮ʣײϣٿһѪ֮С
ڰ׷߼˵ѼӾȻˣأڰ׷߷ŭѣŭһͣѪ𣬾ҵʹúڰ׷͵׷ʲô£޾󺰵ҵӣҪҪҪ
Ҫɷֻ֣Щŭζǣ֮һڰ׷ߵĴ󾪴ţͬϽͣ͡
ڰ׷ߵ꣬ûгǰǿֻǼϢʱ䣬ͱվһѪ֮Ϊǵ֮ڰ׷ҽţȴᡣ
ϵ˵Ҳ۸ҵĺԷңȻҲܹ㣬ֻǲֶ֪ܼʱ䡣
߿ͻȻһĻҲǾ̲ѣ֮ǰȷʵǶ˸ۣųϻʲôɱﵣźڰ׷ɱϵͬʱ͹ȥ˳˺ڰ׷ߣһãɺڰ׷ߵĲ״᲻ٹϵ˼³˫ٴŪôһŻͺͺڰ׷һˡ
Ͷ޹ҲҪģ˶Σεڵصˣʱһ۵ߣȥ˵ӣ۾һתתˣ˺֮Уȴھۼ
ϵ˫֣׼˻ߡ
˿̣Ѿס˵ӣҲ˺ڰ׷ߵı״ԣ˵ӾҪ񱼣ʱó˵£
ƽޱȵĸ֣û߻һͣ˽ŲתӸոתһ˲䣬ȻֳһѴ󵶣Яɢ֮Ƶܣ˺ſռѷ죬նȥ
ţԥؿ񱼣
ϷͲţ㻹ܷĹƾĴһҪնϣп߻ħ˵һҪ벻߻ħǾ͹ԹԵطߡ
òȷʵһնȻ߻ħĴΣգʮſǳѨǳܣ·磬굤ʹãųϼɱ֮ʱĹȣŨ˺ü֡
Ǻ˫֣ת׼󵶣һȻûǴȻûǣЩ֮ȴֱӱٻ١
ǱߣѾȥǧ֮ԶԳڵ״̬ٴμҲôԶֻǣϵȻޱȣûһ㵣֮飬ϽŽ˫ְڵλã𣬿ٵھʮ߿ǳѨϡ
߿Լļƻóѣмѣ𣬵ʱ߳£ʱһӰб̵ײӰδƴɱߴŭ
ӰȻͣ׼ţ֮£߳˸ʱӰӥץСֱ˵ӣӻߡ

ŭȣһЦ˵Եߵ֮ò˵㲻ԵˣҪȴͶųϺȵСӣҰ㣬Ҫץסᣬ𣡡
δ£ֱ汦һУֱ߸Ϸȥ͵Ȼôİѻ͸ϱͶԳ˵Ǿ仰ִԻ˵ţСӣһԵҪǽ£͵õһˡ
һͣתҪ˵أһתԺ£


1659 
£
֮ǰǸȻͬһŮ˵ҪѰԴһңȴ֣֪ǴӺδ
Ҳͱ㲻׼ȥһȾҪӣţԺִѹ̵Ļˣ
̣
⼸ʱͻһæת˹ȥֻһֵçƣײٶȾޱȡ
çṇ̀
ܵԺɻͬʱϽ൲Ƿ·ûѪָأرúóĵıɫҫçϮ
꣡
¡
͵ָççײɵһߣҲ⻥๥һ˲䣬çѾȫֳɫûϵçϵôоȫĹͷɢˣҵò֪ȥƲѡ
ǡԩ޳㡭Ϊʲôң
͸оԼ˵Ļɢç΢ػش㡭ΪӡӡҲǡơģǡʲôҡˡ
çĻͼѵ̧ͷçķȻ󿴵һֻڿкܲӣçҪС߷ߣȴСڵʹãһĻȻѣ뵽ӲŶԣֻʲôͷ
ţͲûȥçЦڵǳ⣬ҪçָֻµһľԼҪǣϻˣֻ´ģ
Ҫǡһ𡭡
Ц˵ˣͱƾֳˣȫȻȥ˼;Ǳ˶ԥأͽ˸˳ȥ
˷ȥյ㣬ǳڴ
͵УЦݣҲù˭Ҳùţ͵ؿçȻ˹ȭͷҪͺˡ
Ҫ
ç֮ȴԺǾ仰Ҫɱ̸һ·ԣçƷǳȴƴˣȻԴУֻʧȥϬֶεǿߣʱֻ˴һ㣬Ťһ
ץսߣսһʽɨɨɵһߣץСڵߣӱߣСȥҪץȡǻߣ߶Ѫֹ
ĸˣųоһٱ䣬еĴ磬Сڵļɵüһ£˵ʱҪȥֻӣץסСӣֻҪСץоƱǵĿ֮С˵ͷͲѡ
һѵĻߣȻǷŭ֣ȴһ͵Ļпܣ׼һʼʩҪʱɨϽ˫ֶ׼
߻飬궼һ룬뵽ڰ׷ߵĲ״ﻹͣæסΣǰ汼ȥǡòõģ˵ײأ߽ץ˹ﻹüˣͼɱڳ߲ٶƣԾ˺ΧӲѣæץĳϡ
ǣȻûѱߵˣߣǴУߣɳѪһߣ߼˷ϣ࿴һۣ켴ټɱУ˹ϣһȥ˵ӡ
ʱ򣬰˲ټȥԸ֣
ʱӰʧ
һȻղŻߣֻһǹѣյַٳ˾ſѨϣڿٵһǳѨϣһǳѨϵǳ΢ܹ֧һЩʱ䡣
ɱ֪Ǳ¶Сڣ־ԲУҲӿһ⣬ǱǷֱ·֮̾·һ·Ѩϣһ·Уͬʱʵ
ϻ˵㣡
ȻˣҲĺһ㣬ˣЦ˵
ȥɣ
ӭ˹ϼһźô𣬵ǰײ֮ϣһ룬ȴвײڳϣӴӿһѪҪٳ˵ĵһѨҲ˶ʧܣսеƴɱ굤ִơ
˫۱ˣӲѪѨϣǽֱߣɫ䣬ѾУͣתӡ
ʱХǺηʥǴʲô⣬ʲôĿģˣ˭ٲִ˴ƴɱľն֣ѽ̤ľնţӶģǾն˭ɱۣɱ⣡
䡣
һ޴ʯ̣
ѣѳһֻƴƣ


1660 Ϊ˵ģ
ʯ̳ȴһûУϢ䣬Ȼ䣡
ѣѺ֣𶯣ʮ׵Ѻۣ˲䴫ǧԶ
˿̣ռ帺ĳϣƺգ굤һμʹϽſٳһѨϣһĿѨϱȥ
Ⲩֱֱһ¶ܲһ¶ڳҪ֮ΣķٶȣپܶǳѨϣ굤ڶʱ֮ڣȫ
ʯ̿ʼתϵҲųģǧ׵Ĵأغɣվ֮·һֻơ
ͬʱǧ״Ҳʼתʯתķ෴һתпֲܱĥǴʯ֮Ŀռ䣬Ҳĥûޱȡ
ռ䶼ĥˣ˵Ϊǹĳˣϳżٷ֮ʮĹĹǳϴ۷ʱڣҲǼΪܣ˿̱գꡢΪʧҵã˺Ҳǲᡣ
ʯĥϲ𣬾רΪ̾͵֮·Ҳͬ籩СһǳУѨϵٶȣʱ
ǣʢ굤ҲڷˣȻյü٣ȴһǳõļ󣬵ʱ˿̣˲ãҲֻܲӲ
ֱĥĸоǻǳʱöʮĿǳɱµĥ֮ɱǳĽɱǿˣǳܳϿ壬ɱ֮ܣ˿ȴУ̲á
תʯ̣ظһһѹ£óϷǳǳܣȫÿһѪܡÿһ鼡⡢ÿһͷҡҡ׹
ʱǻûиԭĿռѷУͻһһɱһ̵һ̫Ѩ⽣ʯӰһɱ
̫ѨûйͷǣﴦУǵòܣΪսĵ̫𶯣Ȼ֪ᷢʲô¶أ
ŵζ
ˮҲٻɫҲˣȴԪҺŵѪɫ壬Ѫɫ岻׶ãܱ֤ˣʱֺʱã
ȻҫϤɫâȻ󣬳ϵԺ𡰺֣ܲڵıͱܲ
Сڻǳˡ
һϽСڷǵ򲻵֮ʱǧҪתʯصˣǳϲŰǳģͬʱøԶ뿴ͷᷢα仯ǵֻۡ
ֻģе϶˿˺ܲһˣ켴뵽ԺֻܲӣﲻֻţҲˣŶңȵҪӣһдˣֲ˶ˣ
϶澳Ϊȫͷųȫɱȥ䣬ͣڿеֻܲɫһֱ˳ֱˣ̽ץȥҪӴʱѪҺȻҷڣҪǿƣֱ˻һͣɢ١
ͻ϶⧲ʱֱ뵤δȴˣһʱ϶ͬʱѪҪ˻ؿռѷУɳȫѪɫ壬ȵұ
һ֮£Ѿ˵ռѷԵӣ¡ըѪɣһ뱻ԪУһ뽦ʯ£ĥɷĩ
϶
磡磡
ϡ£ͬʱűŭ켴ֺȵСӣɱֵܣҪǧУ
ӣҶ
Ϻޱ飬˵ˣ˭ɱ⣬ĪǣΪ˵ģ
ģת̣ڶת
Уʯ̵ĵڶȦϣɫâתʯؿԽԽмҲɫݳ˲Ũ͵³ѪѪɫУѪģȻޱȡ
ڵ֮·һ飬ѪҲĥó״ͬʱ֣סûĵطء
ʹУȴԼظоͷĳֱ仯ѹģҪѪɫܷӵµĳϣһģֹͣѪɫ壬ȫѨϡ
ʯ֮ϵĴ磬״̬µĳϣȻֵܹסת̵ĵڶת޷ݣҪ֪ϵת̣򵥣ޱȣһ澳۷ǿߣתУֻҲĥ˷ĩ
ת̣Ĺԭڴеƾ裬Ҫǿǻ᲻óõüͷ壬ѵҪת


1661 Ҫڣת
ת̣һء֣ԣʵԷƷ׸ǳԽűĴڣת̣һʯ̣ĸ̡
еʯĸ̣ĹɵУĸתĥأȷʵͦ󣬵֮ӦģĵҲ͸
Ҳǹԥԭ򣬹ŷת̡ĵת϶ܽ˸£ӦģҪܶܶпܻͿǵӣǽͦһʱ䣬״̬
ڻĹԭУһǳΣյ飬һСľͻᱻȡСӣҲֻΪѣòܡ
ڹԥ֮䣬ϼѵؿٳ˵һĿǳѨϣǳѨϺķʱر𳤣Ҫǻ֮ǰʮǳѨ϶ˡ
ǣֵã࿪һţӿڵǳܱһڣ굤Ѿܹ΢ֵȵȴĹˡ
һţ
ϼʹǰУɻûö⣬άŵڶתһߣһɱԽ˼ûˣҲȥˣֻҪ˵أԽԶԽãǸС̫̫Σˣ˴ѾһƴɱУͣʱԽãԽΣա
ǣӵˣһӦĹ۾ȴ˵ߣ˺һԺˡ¡ĸ֣ȻţȴǺͣӰƶף汦ֱϮͣѸȻ֣Ҫ䵲ס·汦
Ȼʱ汦ֳɫâߵһ룬ȻǵĴɱУն汦֮ϣȴûܽ汦ٶȻ˵汦նȥˣɫâĽ汦ʸһ͸ǵɱУںƺ˺һ·ǵѪ֮˴ڵأͬʱѪ֮С
һĻƴɱ˴󾪣⣬תҪߣȴǴս񣬰ȫ£һҲܷŹ
սûж룬Цүүôģ߾ߣôף˵ϴ˵ˣ˵ˣɱۣ
ȫжЦֻռЩϷ磬ƻԣ͸ҷſҪеˣֱǲ֪һҵпȥ
ţȴŭ˵϶̫ˣȻɱڣΪ˭һһʹȺˣϵıʲôҪ
Ĺԭߣ̫һݽǸղ汦Ĺ칥Ļţ⣬һּŭǣ·ɱȥȵʲô˭ɱ˭
ɫȻղǷǶս˵ģʵϣȴǶС˵ģĿǰҲֻСѲ˼µǣȫ£
ڣ
֮ҪڣΪżĵǣϵƣпⱾһĵ飬ȴؼǵãʷϼصģӵߣһģˣ֪ӵ鱻˳ȥǾĶɱá籩ꡱһʶݣ
߲óϾʹ䣬ЩˣпڰйˣֻҪ֪ӵˣֻҪԼˣһҪڣ
Сȴ޶ãֻڿźֵܲǣǺܲѾСڿ˰죬ȴʣô࣬СڿգʵһעڳϣΣգŲʲô¶ʵ⣬ֱӰ˸ɱˡ
תеĳϣѪɫ˼֣ȴЦݣһǳѨϣҲ˳һתǳֶʮԱôһ㡣
ʱ䣬Ϊٶͣ״̬۷壬ڿŵһſǳѨϣڸоŹͷ仯ͬʱл뷨һҪǿʱ򣬶࿪ЩǳѨϣҿ϶дãʱĻٿЩǬתڰתǿռѭεĺ
ţ֮£磬СӻֿܵǲٵˣתɣɵԥеĹᶨȥֻӣȵеתת
˷תɫ˲ò԰ޱȣͳȡȥʱʯ֮ʵ״絶ɽѹë׾ֱ罦Ѫ


1662 ֣䷢
ת
ת̵ĸ֮ϣȦϣۣ
֮·˲䱻飬Ѫ⣬ʱ͸תתҲǵһ˳תǷת˳ת뷴תͬʱС
Ҫǣת֮ܣôҲڽֻ಻٣ڽײĥܸǳɱӣԳڵֵȷʵǳѣģЩͷ

ϴ󺰳ʵʹʵ̫Ũˣ
ʹźںһ㣬ҪתСðΣĻһ뷨뿪˵ء
ǿЦ˵Сӣڸоʹ𣿸㣬ֻǸտʼʹĻں棬ɱҶ磬Ҫ

ʹԽǾԽǵ㣬ǱƴɱߣԽǷģӦģǵģЩˡ
ʹϵ˱仯ʼγһ㣬ڳϣ׵ǰƬϵõƬʱҪжƣɴʱֳףȴʣ·Ĵ죬㡣
Ȼĵطףûĵطû׳֣ɢɢ׸ڳϣΪֲ
ǣȷʵá
һ֣ó˿׺͹ͷΪз׺͹ͷת̵Ĵ󲿷תڣ֮·һγɡ
ϵ쳣ӦֵͲ̽ˣ֪ʲôʣȴʹ˰ݣȵأѪת
ϵǷԲ׵Ĵأ¡һȥص׿䣬˲ǧɣеʯҲ˴ͬʱ¾Ѫתϡ
תתƬضתһϡۡѪѪȾرתĥѪѪϹ
ȵСӣɣ֮ǰǶôǿڣǵֵסģжǿֻҪز͹ת̡
һԳ˿ôҲûûͷֵѪ⣬ȷʵĥˣҪ˳ϵңϻ֣굤ҲܵתֵӰ죬Ȼתзơ
⣬ܴ󲿷ֹܵ׺͹ͷһ𣬳ü伸˼Ź˵ҪñӣҪֱ˵
ݵţϷҪ𣬸Ҫ𣡡
ҲãҲգĹ̫ˣڸȴɽ𣿡
ӡ
ֵǷĵתԹնɱ澳۷ǿߣǿĹȻϼΪȴɽǣ϶ǳʲôУҲķŭˡ
Ҫƿںһȴϴϣֻ˵ֻǵתǵתӦתɣǸʩչת𣿻˵ת𣿡
ȻĬתܹǵ崦״̬ҪǷתǾͲ⣬ݽߣҪѪĴۡ
˵컹Ҫ֪İأתһӽתô죿
ûпô࣬ţСǵ³Ψ磬ƴˣǷתȹش𣬳ϱӵĿ˵ϴûеӣң
ƨ綥أɱ˰СӣҴкβңţѹзŭƽ˵ģҪļƣˣ϶ǰװԣһҪõİأο϶֮顣
󣬹ֶԳ˵׷Ļˣ㼤ŭϷģȻΪȴɽǣϷöȣıĽǣ
ϵһЦ˵ȻǲõתǾͱұˡƮУϵ˵еѪɫ塣
ʱ컹ɻ󣬵תѪתʹ࣬ΪʲôϷǵҪתѵжԸת
顭𣿡
ԺʱѪ͵ؾæȥ·ĹѾг磬ѹƲסʹ࡭
ĵһƬ䣬Ѫ춯͸оԼʵܵӰ죬ֻܷ߰˳ɣʵҪģ϶أټϣǻҪάת̵ĵתƽΣգ
磬ҵҽűˡ
Ҳˣ
ʹ

ʹϣȴǳת֮ʱٳ˵һſǳѨϣ첻ȥæȵСӣס֣
ƾʲô
ô
ܼ򵥣ת


1663 ʲôţͬת
ܼ򵥣ת׽仰ѵС֪Ƿת󣬻Σգǣиǰᣬֵסת
磬ҵ֣ѪҪˣ
ɵޱȣûʱٶȥоԽԽ쳣ѪСӣȻҪѰǾ͹ֲϷϷӦ㣬ͣ£
Ź
˵ţȴûֹͣѪɫڿٵһ߿ǳѨϣɻڴ󺰴УŭغСӣǣ
ʲôţ
㾿Ҫʲô
ʹѹеŭȴôҲѹƲסŭԽԽŨϲᣬֻ˿Ѩϣʱһ߿Ѩϳ
ʱϸо굤ܹͥˣǣҪȫѹ𣬻ҪЩ򣬳һǳѨϣǵһ˿ţһˣ֡
ûмȥضԹ˵ˡ󣬽ѪɫȫֹоѪ쳣ʧȴûзоؿѹһģصʯͷгǵҲǵùŭͳ塣
ȹŭģ˱˫ţֽڱĹɣŭСӣҺƲ磬Ҫһȭһȭӡ
ߡ
һߣС㣬Ҳ򲻻ӡ
ٿ񣡡
ŭˣȴЩڣûпڴеӰͰѴƶˣҪŪİأǻֵãǣתûģɱȻˣᱻסתѪת
һ䣬ֵͳеĵҩ̷ȥץסתĸ̵˫֣Ѫιתһȡ̷˲ٵҩǵӣۿüٶȣήȥһ˿ҲûС
ںĳϣҲڸ߶Ƚ䱸ţת̱Ͼܲһ㣬һżе֮·趨ĵصȥ
ʱת̹Ѫʯ̵ȦѪɫĹУѪһƬأת̸ûת
ΧѸٲʮȴûͣ
ߡԼ˵ƴɱȫͣգ۲һĻ˴ػתķΧǧڼɢţйߣڵԪܣҲڸŴػתܡ
ǧˡ
ĬţŷΧԽԽ㣬ϲԽԽŨٿһ㣬ٹһ㣬ýĹԭе߶̶ˮø룬Ҿͺˣ˵ЩôЩ߹ٺһɤӣ˵Сӵ𣬵ʱ
յЦţȴǺ򶨣ʵҲǿӻеؿкܲޱˣҪעģǲڳӳȥ
תѪת֮ʱϵҲס֮ת˳棻ֻһɲǣϸоԼҪˣʶ·𲻴棬ƻҪΪ
Ҳһ˲䣬һβɳط˲ת̵Ŀռ֮УתֱеܣһҲֳֹɣһϣһ¡
ѹϽάס֮·ͬʱղͷĸоѪڵĸоңüֻ۵λãһ¡
⣬ϻоĹͷĳֲΪ֪ı仯ƺʲôˣʲô˳ѪɫУ˼֮ɫˣʲôжұرǣֻҪң
֮·Ѿ̾ͣҪһ˿ǳϾƱãɹֵȴ˴ѣתѾܳܵļޣ𻹳ܣת̸Χǽ˰Χ
𱾾ǿֵڻ˶ԳϵĴԹ֮޶ŭأأٴαǿ˱Ϊ񽵣꼱˥
ŭ֮ǿùֵܵŭҲˣʧȥǣҪӳϵõİأҪһУٵϣɱϣԱйзŭ
ŭ֮£ֵûκϱͲѪȫתУͬʱ¾оѪĴۣת̣תӽĸ죬ͬת
ʱڿٵһ˿Ѩϣ


1664 ѹΪʳ
תͬŹֵһΧʱ쵽ǧ￪Ĵػת͵ͣڰմմϲĶˣɫһӱüΪѿǧķΧͨ˵ôÿһ󼰣ɶΪǿ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
Ĺԭȫ𶯣ȫĶ˵͸ˣﲻɴΪɥ֮ޱŨڱôֵܵסĹѵ˵𲻳ɣܣ侲ģֻҪˡ
ţѪɫƹâ𣬱ǻɵգ˲˲ѪɫһƬظס
£ͣĴأת֮ǰٱľЩеߣǵѪⶼڸתˣҲܣߵˣꡣ
תĲǵأ졣
һתؽȻ෴ɫУڼ죬ӣǸˣ˭Ҳ˲ȥƴɱȫͼֿͬת֮
Сڻڿźܲž䣬սȴǷЦȻҲУõ֮ҲûиıԣսܵӰ켫󣬵ǣ壬սӿսս죬սأ
תˣתˣʩչת̵תĹֵȴǵ˱ıԵȫ÷񵽼£ʲôû룬Ժֻŭ
̤澳żĹ죬ΪʵԸ߳ɲ٣ڴ˿̣ܱһ˿˿˼ҷţСӱϷ򷢶תΪϷôأ𲻾ҪϷ򲻻ġ
ıƽùԽԽ£ԽԽ룬رǷŭŨԸӵĵزŭȻԳ϶һУȫҪСӣҪŪϷô䵽˵ز̫ɶˣϷҪˣҪ
ֻˣԼѬĵĹ죬Ҳŭȥһ˿ҲƣֻɲǼ䣬ֵܾͱһҷʲôû¡
֮ǰķŭϣһαǿ
ֵȻˣת̲ûֹͣҲû˿·תҪתŵлһ
ͬת֮ʱڿٵһ˿ǳѨϣδȫٳǳѨϣֱҪתû𣬳ϾȫֵܵһԶǳѨΧ
ˣҲֻסĸоҪǵһ˿ǳѨϣպþ׵ظ֮£ǳѨϻĻˡ
ۣ
ϴһѪѪţ˥ǡʱһ˿ǳѨϿٳɹһǳ
˲䣬ڵʧ㣬굤̶ϵڵȻڱתѹȥͬʱҲ湥ϵĵ
ȴǿ˲٣
Щ֮𣬺մȾҵŭ𡭡üһֵ߽ת̵Ĺһ˼ţϵرǿڣȻڱǿΪʲô
ϸоԼҪץסؼһ㣬۾ţѪⱻתĩʹˣ飬Ϊ飬ǰĲ²׼ȷΪʳ̶ǿǸ֮𱾾ģǱꡢΪȵȸõϣôһҲܹΪʲôһֱڱǿˣ𣬿϶Ҳ˵ϵԭ򡣡
˼ˣͨ͸ԭˣأʣûмȥȻȻʱ굤סǣĴûкת٣вѾ˹ֵУҪʩչġͬת
ҪͬתҪҲת̣أģϸϽȥȻã֣֮ǰãΪв˿굤ѾѹסвΪʲôǲã
أ
ϸϽȥ鿴־΢һЩֻ뻭ġüԶ
ֻһˡ
ϵŶƾܣͬʱܱԼϵǻǳѨϣ̫ǿ֮·̾Ͳɡ
Ҳž̫Σûע⵽ǵǵе㣬ַһ˿˿仯


1665 ɫâĵ
𲻽˳ϵĵ棬˳ػתת̣ɢ˳ȥһУЩڽֿػתߣһ
ԼЩߣȷʵǳõ𣬵ǣ㲻ɿƵ𣬴˿̵ҲҪǵɪɪҪΧסҲͻغˡ
ÿ˶ʼԶ룬սսҲʱ˱ܷâǸԷɢˣߡȴСȥһ˹ȥ
ħޣҲˣû飬ȴŵеıܣǱ˻ħޣǴƮȥرŨߣܵعգϾЩǴ֮еġ
źܲСڣҲٿкܲε𣬴ǵԺǽص״̬Ҫ
Ϊߣ˵ܿסִôãǳܷ𣬷ƽС仰˵ȴǺĳߵһ˺ܿ˱ص״̬ȻȴѾ΢
ҲҪ
һ߱ˣ־شţУ澳Ϊ߻˻ҽˣۼǿʵƽ˸Ǵţ˿̵մðʱʵǿ̫̫ˡ
ûػתûߵȵ˵вǵһȭԼΣһѣԼԱܹȻȴʵ
ҲʱӵСڵΧСֻצһŰɫâɫâɢγһȦߡȫ档
֮ǰСڳֻɱĶʱҲɫâ֪ǶôǿСڷųɫâѾǴر¶ˣ˿ȴòŵģػתڵߣ˭ȥע⣻ػתΧ֮ߣûгڴʱ
˰ɫȦ֮ϣʲôҲûиоӹȦȥתߣǼ״ֹ𾪣ţֻӣʵжǿ
СԼȴЩˬ۾ﾡǿҪһǣ۾ȴЩɵСںݺҧһںܲȵ𣬵ʱҾˡ
߿𲻹Сڣʱϲ·ҵһ·һԶС߱˵үȾңүˡ
ˣǴˣֻҪܾһΣǷ飡
ֻҪңУ

ЩСںܷŭСڶǸүģߵʱһȴ۾һת˵ֻܽһ˭Ǿ
㱰ɣȻɱɡ
˵һܡֻû˵㱻ļɱУѪɣԴˣѪսʼȥߺܴϧÿһ߶ͬĴ
֮УϾܽȵ
ϱҪʵڶģãβɣȻ޷ʵڶѡˡ
һγɣҫڿգϾظоǰˣûʱȥ׷Դ
¡һ
ըתŵתٶȣҪȥٶּת֮ǰͣһˣѪ
У죿ȭ
ϼȡԪҺǳܣЩǿĹܼС
һü̧ͷǰػתɫѵЩĲ̣ȥԣиոռ͸תû
̲ã̲ˡ
ţѰһȦ󣬳ϰ棬ЩѾ굤ѹסɵ˺ӦòɥػתӦá
ԥȥϽһ
ʱоʹȴûгϵĳܷΧɵʹϲת̴ĥ𣬳רľܣҽػתĹ켣
ػת㣬ںδ
ӰתеȦʱϻһ飬е⣬϶һе㣬ԥ¾Ѫ֣
ȭ
һȭ£ڶײеһϡ
ʱڶ䱬ѣ
е㣬Ҳըñ飡
һƣƣйתУɵĸоɳȴǻȥһ㣬ֿ˿Լ֣ȭЩɫûУ֮ҲûУǣȴǿ˲٣⡭


1666 汦걻
ȭ֮ǰǿȫԭ𣿡
ֱ죬ɷϵģȷʵáȭǿ˲٣ǣܾаأ뵽֮ǰҲüǿЩ²⣬ꡢڵԭ𣿡
ڳ֮䣬ת̵תѾˣʱӲܽĸز죬ϵתҲ
˼ػתܴ󽵣ҲٻƴɱϽҪԶȥԶ˼ӵ죬У߿ܻŹˣԲŹǼˣԣûɱŶ⣬ţȴ֮
ڣ˵ȵ˻ᣬ֮ϵиһʱ˾ƴ񱼣ۿӰҪʧǰŰɫâСڣһߣһצķߵһǹ״汦
ǹ汦Ƽ˲ϲ˵ӣ汦ϲת䣬˵ǰˡˣǹ汦ˣֻʣ¶˻ǰ档
˲һɨ󾪣ֲ̽ԱһϮǻֽţʱǹ汦ضĸ˱һǹϣպù⴮һտˡ
Ĵ뷴ȴֱֵҪŭڣȴòԼƽľʣ˵һᣬĻᣬǿˣҲܣ
ⷬȻģĸ˴ӸԵͼ֮ʣ𣬵ʱǾܹתƣЩ˵ˣڴУҲĪˡ
棬ûƵض׹ض£һץסת̵̣ת̣Ʒ׼ߣʵսãȻܴ㲻УҲУ
Ȼһץסת̵̣ͿʼɳڵҪγУ̵Ĺ仯óϴΪԾת̵Ĺֵˣת̻ܹתڣҪĪת̣ҲһѾ˻꣬Ȼôȡأ
²⣬ó𾪣𾪵ͬʱǻϲĥؽ꣬תлܸ꣬һЩʾ
üһ˵֮ǰ̲ˣڣߡ
һߣ㼲˫֣ת֮е֮ײһǳռϷ磬֮еԴԴϵӿڡ
л꣬ҵ꣬ǿ𣿡
ϰǰҪ꣬һȴ֣ûʧˣӣҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ˣֻ뽫նȫ˳ڳԺڣϵķ࿪ٳѨϣȴϣն鶼ûȫŪҪǽŪףҲһ
ǣĳһת̣ټҲͱƵ뵤ںˣһڣϵòˣҲŪˣ깥ʹƲòѩˣ
ҺþûбȻʩչôȻҪǾҲãϾҪѪˣ
ĽǺǻĺ˵
ĺȴûӰеûֱɣҲǰɽľ飬ƳתеĻꡣ
Ȼ֮ǰٳٲڵںϣȫƣ߸ںϲһ𣬿Ǹʱ򣬳ϲҲУֲ겻ڣԤУ
νꣿܽӦþͷųɡ˫ۼᶨһҪ뵽취
ת۲㣬֮ǰȭǿ󶼳֮⣬һ۲죬Ͼ͹۲쵽۾ڵ׵ִһЩ
ΪʵΪںϵ·ϸһ⵹ֻǣĺ񲻽㣬ⵤƺҲЩ仯
ҪܻڿռĳϣԵı仯⣬۲˰죬ȴûʲô֣оӿڵЩ仯֮ǰ϶Ԫ֮ܣִԪϢ
ĸͨĸټͬת֮ܡţͻؾϲޱȣȴһϤĶ
֮١ǿʣ
ڻĹԭⶫǱǹǳЧϾϲУʾʲô²ܲ


1667 ֵ֮꣬
ÿһγǿʵĻ棬ڳԺٽһΣץסһЩؼǿʵʱ򣬲ռ֮ܣһڣζǴξǣ񾳵ʱ򣬱Ŀռ֮ܣΣǼڡ
̧ͷǰգ˵Ҳؼ
ȻϵóĽпܲǾȷģҵһЩպע·ܵضһЩǿΪкôпǿġ֮١޾壡
ѹƣתҲܶԳʲôΣΪˣʱ䣬дԽԽ٣ץס̣Ծնת۵ĸ֮ϣץסĸ̣
ĸ̶ת̺Ҳƴһ㣬شǻδУȡظоת̵ķ񣬸϶лꡣ
ٷһ㣡
ϺţҲڷ״̬ųӣתеԽԽ΢أָƽֻĴε
ֹϢϲһǿʣеǿʣرر̬ǿߣѾܹˡ
⣬ϷԼΪѾ˵񾳽ǵţ
ͬһ˲䣬תɹȴоת̵ķŭ˫ϵĸ𶯲ѣҪϷ
ת̻ꣿ
ǰͻʩչӡ伫пܴڵĻסڣһЦŭһͲŭ
ϼ˵ĸԴϻûŪȴ˿ҲʹֻҪڿ֮УһǿͨĻ棬ϲţ˲˽ת̸Χס
һϢʱ䶼Ͼ˲ҽеҽȻȴģתģϺ·ѡһ
䣬Ժһ仰ҲҪҲյ
յ
ϴΪɣԭΪת̱л꣬ȴϣôһ仰յô¶˼֮ʱԺţǣҲ볼ҾңƾʲôҪ㣿ʲôʸҪҳ㣿
ת֮˵֮óд𶯣Ȼ𾴣ȴǼ˵ѡѡ񳼷
ҲҲ볼ҪûеãҾͲ˼ѵѡǵҪѡһĻң֮꣬ҲԸ
õĻش𣬳Цˣ֮뵽Լʮǰڰ׼ҴǸԸҲҪվˣǶôƣ
ʮҵΪʵǿ˲٣ͬʱʧȥ˲٣ʱĴʵѲ٣еֻǿʳֻıƣеֻǲɱ
˼糱ӿһ˼ԴЩ⣬һ˼ӿ֮ʱޱȵؼᶨһƽζܹܿҸҵֵܣҵѣܹЦҰ֮ˣ½ԺãԸǿʳ·ϣնУ²ٴӣ¶ɱħ
Ķᡣ
϶Ե̻˵е·Ըߣ
·ʲô
ֵܣ
ֵܣ
֣ͬͬͬͬͬͬ
һЦֻǸոյĻ֪꣬⣿ǰϵ꣬ǺüǧˣһŰֽʲôҲ֪
㻹ûлشҵ⡣
˵֣иͬͬȻ㲻ȥ
ģ
ƭһʲô
̻Щԥҵң
ЩѣΪԣҸԪҺ˵ţϽԪҺתУ֮Щȣû뵽İ֮ǰģö࣬Ҳƴöࡣ
ʮӣ֮ȷ˵ãֵܡ
Ǻǡ
ˬһЦ֮ʵȻֵΪʲôȥأ
ҪŸֵұ𰡣
Ŷ
֮Ȼ򣬳˵յô֪ôࣿ
ղͬתʱЩߵʱõġ֮˽ģ֪޲ԣ޲ʵôôࣿ
ûлشȴǷʵôģ


1668 ֮룬Լ
ε
֮ȥ˼⣬֮󣬲ŻشôģҲ͸о̺ʲôһҾˣ֮ͷڹң£Ҳ֪ˡ
ʲô
ţڵ̻ԸҲôģǱȽ⣬ճӤԼ̥𣿵̻Ҳܹ֪һЩѾС̬ˣüͷĳɹĻ棬ûп
ˮ˵ġ񡱣ʮٿ֤ԼֻҪʱ䡢ϵȵһ㣬ܵ
̻ģʵôģҪ
ͦҪģһ֧ýҲꡣЦ˵ĸ̺һ˵ҽгϣȻȽᣬǴˣͻһɡ
û˿ɱг磬㲻üұǿˣҾŪԼıԴʱܰýˡ

ȻϿܵȲ˵̱ǿԼҪؽǵ˵ͷЦʵǿˣǲǻоתתתһģ
ǵȻˡ
̻Ժ˵ұԽǿתԽ࣬񷶼Ϊת
ã־
ʮؽ£ʵ磬أʲô
Ұ
Щ룬ҾںˣƽҸ
⣬ôװ쵽̻ں˵ûн̻ͣϣЦװ쵽ģҲпζѵġ
Ϊʲô
ںˣԣںĻ꣬˵֮꣬ˡԾն̻껹ԸţƽҸҰĻꣿ
ĹԭһƬأͬ˲ɣޱ䣬Ҳ𵴲ѣ˻ƴӦ𣬾ʱ򣬳ϵӰڴҰѪ֮ûлָ糣˺ۣϸѪƣҲûȥãЩҲûпϵʵĿ
СڡߡսȵȣһƬСڿҧһںܲߺԼĶˣŽҪõĺôǻЩԾԾܹǼѣӣͺһڿţˡ
ϳһͷСʹɫâֵ𣬵£ȥߣУ׷ȥҪЩȫ̽ڣɢȥ֮ǰĽų̶ȣٿЩƴҪȡİأףЩҪй¶ȥȻ󲨣ܶǷǡ
һ𣬳ϾظоЩǿ࣬ڣ굤黹ܹѹƣУٴ֮·ǳѨϣ֮ʱһЩѨϣȻȫָǿ֮Щֲˡ
ûţٶȣ൱٣һǳѨϸոڶ֮ͨ·һǳѨϵ
ͬʱ۾ǳͼҲһŽһţɿسҫ
⣬ϻݾݡǬתڰתתľȻŵģ걻ܲת꣬ɳϻҪһԡ
ҽǬתȫת꣬ԻԪָܴܲ򿪻ԪָţҵǬڵ·ʦԸ
ţ𡢱Ѩϡݾһһ죡
һߣڳϵ굤ںϵǣؾӺȻһͻס˽Ųüͷýоƴڳף˱仯ǰױöôǿܹջϾġ
ǣھͲһˣﲻܹо׵ĴڣȴܽջͺײģǸϵһ㣡
㣬ôˣ
˼ҡҡͷָֻЦݣ˵߰ɣȥһ㣬ϷҪһ㡣˵̤꣬ȥȴţֻҪûףҲã˵֮ҲˣΪҽ鷳
굤һɫǳϵˣɫ֮⣬ɫôף֮ͬС
⣬˯ˮף֪
½ϣиǱ֮أ˳


1669 Σ
Ǳ֮߳ˣһҪҳϣֻ䣬Ѱ˷ֱǰȥ;һǣǣ̽ϵټһ̽Ҳʹ̽Ѿ½ֵ÷зĻĹԭһ¡
ĹԭżϢһ˼תͷĹԭȥȻֻҪ½϶ȥĹԭǸǰڹһӵڴУе˼ȻƬ½ڴУͷĪˣɱϣȡôУƾ磬һĵã
Ĺԭ˺ܶǰȥҲûȥģζ֮һҲ˵Ϣ֪ԼʵҪȥˮĻֻ»ûߵĹԭͱնɱˣҪģԼʵΪΪʵڸ㲻ô¶֣ζѡǳĹԭ෴ķȥ
¡ҡصһҲûȥȻص˴Լ֮;صһνҲ
ûȥģ˾ͽ˾ͽͲ֪Ϣ֮һֱ˳˯Ժ໭棬вͬڽ
ɣȴǲش˽ȥҪһʵ˳ӡٺúõر
½ַǷ֮ʱ֪߳Ѿɵˮ壬һ֮ɳɱ֣ǰ½һξͲʲôǰˮŵ֧񣬵һǻˮ꣬ڶǽڴᵽ֡
ͼڴ½ž޴Σͼڴ½ϵİͼڣѾ帩׳Ƴȴ֪Ϊʲôԭȫѣɱ塢塢塢ʨ塢塢èȵȣ塢塢ˮ壬ɽҲӷˮƵˣˣɽɽ˲ɽ֮ˡ
֮ͣСݼյԤϣõ˵Ǵż֮ʵΪѹưʲô⡣
ʵϣȴǷ˹·һҹ֮䣬ȫ˴ǿò񻰣ѹƵСݼѾ˼ڴ̽˵ǰ뿪ĳصͼڴ½ðǿ
Сݼʹ֮УصǰŪĴʵͲػס壬Сݼǵ񣬡Ǵڴˣ峤ع飬
ʱСݼߣųϵĵ񣬶Сݼ˵СݼҶ㲢ս
Ȼӵţ죬񣬾͸ûȥˣڲǵԺ󡭡ԺϷ϶ܾʣϲȻģϲҵġ
СݼȻ֪ʲô֪֪ǸϢһΪȰοȻû˵֪Ӧòһˣ뿪ͼڴ½ʲô⣬ԣ߰ɣҲ˺
Сݼ𣿾ҪߣҲҪһߣ
СݼһжȴǼᶨ˵峤ҪһҲߵġ
ܴһأ
ģ
ȻȻһḶһЩۣǣΪ㣬Ը⡣
Сݼ˼˵ļңûԼʵߵ嶼۸ԣҪ岻а壬һѪҲҪǸ㹻Ĵۣ֪岻Ǻǵģе
һ£СݼĿӣ˵ұҪӣ壬ܹչ˺𣿡
ڣû˻۸ġӱСݼ֪һطܹ㲻۸ȥ𣿡
ʲôط
ָųϵĵСݼɻȻϲʵ֪ںδ
죬ԡ
˵꣬Сݼ˵˵Ҿ֪˾һˣȥ˵ĵطٺòˣǿ϶Ҳͬ⣡
Сݼ˵˵ţɫֳȭͷ˵ҪߣҲԲߣһսҪӭս
ˣȻһ취˵ȴ˵Ҷġ
лл㡣
Сݼ˵ȥաȥˡ
ڶ죬ƴɱʣΧ峤Ҳ壬һ˽ˣ룬⼴֣֮˳ϵǰ棬󺰣飬һ壡
飡
һ壡
Ը⸶еѪ꣬ã

ÿ˶ϵغţ۾ֻʣãʱ峤ȵһֻӵ񣬾ܾǿЦϷǰɱǣֻνã᲻ǣ
һն£˵ɥѪֱõϣ
ͬһ˲䣬½ϣĹԭУոջذɫâСڣһ飬¶⣡


1670 
Сڻ˸飬ʱ÷ŭޱȣŭ֮ǿǹڳ˵Щ߶ֱӱѹסСŭ֮£ɪɪ
ЩûбȫҲоɷŭͬˮһСڳֱҪСڸذΧ
ģǳϡ
ϵһʱоСڵ仯ٶȾѭӰһһʧٴγʱСڵߣ˫һ
ͬʱСڣСڣôˣ
Ҫˡ
壿
治֪Сڵ޾ŭȻ壬ڳ˵ͼڴ½һϢĿջûʲô𣬵ǣԳϵͲһˣȻҪ壬ӿĵһҲǷŭ޾ķŭʵ˭
ʲô壬ҵõϢҲ٣ȫ
壿Ӧþ塢塢ֲȵͼɣ
󣬳ɣǿԼ侲뵽뿪ͼڴ½ʱȫѹƣ޷֮ټϾӦһʧŶԣΪλ䵽ĵزأ
ѵǡǰĳˡ
һ뵽ǸУ̶뵽նɫأҲǷǳأǰĳˣնӦģ嵲ⳡ֣֮ȴ࣬㣬ûдֲգߣﲻ塣
ţСŭڻǵĵ񣿡
񣿡
ʣСڽ͵Ϊ˸лǣصذܵĵѪ˵Ѫڽڵϣö࣬ɱȫɱ
СڵԽԽŭˣȴͻʵСڣ½ô֪
Ҳͼҹҹʱʱ̶̿ҽϵˣͨҾ˿˿޵ϵ˿ϵܵһǸоʱ̣ڣ֮Σ˶ȣҾ壬ΪˣԸһУʱΪϣ˵Ѫڵʱһ΢ͨҲԼ֪ͼڴ½Ǳ߷顣
Сټؽһ׽š֣ͼڴ½ʱʱСɢĵȦ¸п벻Ĳãô
Ȼ䣬뵽;Ѫٻ棻оԳѪٻֽܹ֮ʱСŭ˵Щң˵ҾȲ壬˵Ҫĵ񣬻ҪԴƺҪ̲סˣʵ̲סˣҪ֣
æʵ֣Сڣ֣
ûл٣ԶҾ֣ܳ
Ҫͷͬ⣬ͻ뵽һܽҪ⣬Ƕ˺󲻴󣿡
Сһ£ش㲻˺һһʱ䡭˵ţСڳĬˣΪ뵽ԼˣڻĹԭоͲܰϵæһʲô£׷ĪȻЩ˴ĳһ̶ֳ˵Ѿ񣬿ǣҪ
𣿡

ϿСڵķŭС۾ǼֵĿϻûеͷĽСڵŮСҪΪһγ֣ܵת˺ԭԼĻԸĮʯĳʵôָ𣿡
ܣָܻԽָ࣬Խ졭
Сƺµ˳ϵ˼æͷѣԻָŵͷ˵ֿԣҪΪ㻹кܳ·Ҫߡ

СŨŨĹذ˵лл㣬ڿʼҲܱ˴ţȻĻ
ģԲţ
Ͽ϶˵֣ʮֱЩȫסС£Ϲâһߵ۲ʲô򿴵ʮɫâйâаʮצһζҪķȴ͵ֻͷСһֻצֻצӲֺǾֺ
ֺ
ɻ䣬̻˵磬ҸоŮһֻӣҶֱܵľηУˣٸһЩԲﷶΧ֮ڣֻҪ˿Ҷ֪
ã
ϸջڵԼʧԶ̽飬̻պøȼü֮ƺԪҺ罭Ӿһӿ̻
ͼڴ½壬Ѿʮ𼱣


1671 һ壬
ǵأ
ǵĴأ
ǶôˣѪҰˣʬǧˣֻôûأ

֣ɱݲˣģųϺã׳ŶǰһƵЦⶾе֣ǣϷǰʲôǣ
Сݼ˺ۣȴǼ㣬ΪѾ󽵣£ˣӱϿҲޱȣһ˵СݼǸˡ
һȡ
Сݼ˵ţ۾ȴŵ˵ţ÷˴õĵ񣬾;Ϊ裬ǵ񡣡
ӣСݼ񣬾СݼҪʲôӿһ˿ˬָ΢΢һȴǹػ˵ʲô𣿡
ҪѴ˵ĵߡ
Сݼ˵ţǰȴǺ޷緶غΪֻܹǵԶǿЦҰСӣҲ֪Ǵðģˣ˸ƨϷһˮ
λǰľ³˿ˮֱϵϣСݼ״ȥˮСݼϣȻֻһˮǣǰ³һˮҲһĹɱСݼˮеĵط㱻䴩Ѫֱ
Сݼ
ӵޱȣæСݼסϾǷŭ֮ɫǰһȺˣ۸һŮӣʲôֳ
ţһˡǰЦ˵ֲһ䣬ˣҲŮŶǰԼˮԼӻĿûеóѣΪŭȵϷܹٿˮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

ǰǿˮֱȴӰշȥɣɽȥɽֱĭŵɳȥȥˣȥˣҲȥǵʵһĭҪǵǻǲܲ˵أһһȥ
׳գŨɫԽѿвͷˣǸؿ߹˺۵£˳ɱ峤ϣʿɱ裬ƴˡ
˸ճ嵽·ϣͱ˻ȥǰҲ¿ˮ˵һȺ񣬵סˮȥɣ
ǰˡ
Ҳƴˣ峤õĵߣЩ˻ٵУһȺһȺˣȥڵ֮ǰͼѪ֮赲סǰĹ
ƾЩϣס𣿡
˫趯һƽХϵ񣬵ǰһƬͬʱ½ϣСڵ׼Ҳ˽Ҫͷ˳͵¸֣ŭѾﵽԸ֮ء
ϵǰòûͷǵģ
ͷһֻӣҳͷϷ̫ЦˣϷǰ֪뵽ʲôЩˣУƽ񣬲ףգ۱
ǱߣСݼҪȥӽý˵֪Ϊһȥ϶᲻˵ģģǻȻΪ˱Իͣ
ûСݼش𣬻ƽѾ嵽˵ǰɽ˻ǰ棬˵նֵˣһӲһ죬ȫҪ
½СһԾֺ֮צΪףצ󣬴һâֱ죬һţͬʱ壬ϵӣҫ⣬ӿۣ죬
ǰԺһ仰ôӣΪͼڣȻңһ壬ó
Уƽ𣬻ٵøɸɾһ㶼棡
ͻһĻ˶ˣӱҲǣȴ˼Ŵ½ֻӵƽ
켴ЦϷ˱б˼Ϸ˼Ϸһ׽
ӿӣĵڣ֣Ҳı䲻ˣӱ밴ҵϷ籾ȥߣ
ţһ£Ϣһʱ˿̣˲
延ˣˣЩˣҪҪܵͷ˷ǰһ԰ףɫԺֱǾ仰꣬ڲסز
ʱСʮצն£
СڵĵҲһצն£


1672 Ѫ
һצ£Ƶ罾ɣأ
ֱ䣬һкɨȥѪۡѪУšĹͷĲҽ
ҽЩΧŵİˣǵΪͣʵҲͣ͵ֵסܣ߶ϽŶϱۣѪɣһغ
УǸǰңϮ֮ʱǰ׵壬̴ѪѪµ޿֮ʱΪͼڵģǳԺǿһűİֽ˺˸飬һۼû£
Ҫǿȥ֮ʱǸһ£˳ȥ⻤ӣһ尡÷ˣǣʱ򣬰Щȫϳȥϳ԰
һ£ӵȫų˳ȥͷˣֱǰ켴ɹâ֮£ƾƴ޵Ķƶأһǰƴɱǰÿ˵ںţûӣ޵Уûӡ
СݼҲȥӽ£˵СݼúϢȥУһĳһ
˵ߣСݼΪжȴԾ˵һܶнҪѪ
һ
ӳȥȻǴɱ˷ЩǰҲɱ˲٣ȻأСݼΪжʱǰ壬ƴˣҷ崫Ҳţֵһֻӷܣһֻʲô
ȥɣ
£նȥǰһЦѪȵԡѪǰǼϵĶ˳ȥ
ʱ糤յܣ͵һ̶ŨҪСڷĹâס֮ճǰǰƱ㻺ȥɱ¾֮УǸǰһ֮󣬸ϽȵǵֻҪǵЩâͲˡ
һʱ䣬ֲٽ˺ɱĩǽӹȥҵɽ˱ˣӵ±ˣҲˣײڵϣ³һѪȻ󻬵ϣСݼϽӱס˵ߣҪҡ
ҡҡͷһ˵СݼѾúˣֻҪܴˣ뵽ĵطȥУҵļҽԪ
˵꣬ӻԹȥ
ԪԪѣ㲻Ҫԡ
СݼţĵѾѷ֣ʵײϵ֮ʱĹԭеСڣһѪϽţȴǲ岻֣ҲóȻϡ

СһХХĹԭȴХԴ·ÿһԴأͬʱͼڴ½ϣ貹âʢֱҪ֮ƣԵ۾΢΢һ£͵һѪѪڵϣӵֻԣػԵø
Ѫĵһײ֮һѿôĿӣĹâһͣȻǳ˳ȴܴܹ֮ȫûֻ֮
ˡ
âɢˡ
ĹԭϵСڣһѪˡ
壬Сݼѣۺڵĸоܣ֮Ȼֻʣ֮һǣԲǴ˿̵ܹӦԵģСݼкʣµˣϽصķܣæȥЩƬЩ˻Ҳûнǰ峤Ƭ
Ǳߣ崫壡
壡
Զʧ

ɱȫЩûģҲһڿҪɱСݼǰʱСݼеĵƬ˽˷֮У֮ڴ𣺡סǣߡ
ǼСݼѾâ䣬ڶУһ·նȥ
ĹԭϣϵܲãСڳ֮ǰ˵ýȴѪԣһ˵ӣţСڲƭңǾֻһֿܣͼڴ½⣬д⣬ܵסСڹģƳСڹģһˣһ
ţѾҧָڵѪιСڣ³˾ѪϵҲԴԴϵСڣ뽫ǿƣһСˡ
ɳ뵽ˮ׳˯֮ǰ˵ܽСڸȹ֮١ҪǽǿʸСˣ᲻


1673 
ǿޱȣСˣ϶ܸСڲ伫󼫶ǣϲҶģʮɫʮצСڣ͹صˣټ֮١ҲΪصǿʣָᷢʲô
ó΢İľǣΪصСڣܹѪҪǲˣǲ¶ˡ
ɨЩһۣս˵ֵǮĶ̺ĶȫƳ
ϴϲˡ
սֿ죬ĥȥ϶˵˹Ҽˡ
ΪЧ£
и˼ˣȴǴ˵źꡢǻ꣬Ҫ̻һ봢ɵ̻˵Ҫ棬ϱ㽫䡣
ڵųϽе´ã˵һЩҪ⣬ǱСڿ̣߿Ѩϣûдţȫ֮£Ѿٵһپʮ˿Ѩϡ
һ˫Ҳֵһʮǳ̶ֳȣܸоʹϮҲزӦ̶ֳȵָһȫָٴαǿ״̬ѾٿѨϣǵøǿ
ʲôʱҲСվ½һ½ʩչ
һ;ϣߵԽԶԽǸоԼСϽɢȫһɸɾսǱЧҲսһڽһѪУЩ߹ԹԽԼĶ
ʱ֮սЩеĶѹһգ˳˿ڣֻʣˣ˼СڵĻǱֻСèˣЩ˵ǺãŪһ
ôһ룬ϼԪڤ٣һЩΪȻȡ侫Ѫ˸оԼԺӡ֮ɫòҰײҰףҪ౯ж౯Ҳ⡭
ʲôĺҲˣǱĻҪ֣ǽʲôԼǻûΪǻãмȥ̵̽ˣӵһ죬Ǿһ㣬ú£ҾûˣǾͱˣԼġ
˵֮󣬳ϱ㲻ȥ룬Ǿκ˻ɻأ޹أֻҪµˣϿߣʵϣʲôҪԸ𣿡
ɲǷԸһЦת˵ϣЩ£֪
й𣿡
ǵġ
ߵ˵ͷ֪һУ˿ȫ˵˳üͷô˵ֻҪӵһȥͻ޾ɱֱ䣿
ǵġ
ǳأСЩƣΪõֶһŴƣǲãĵƣһƴɱ֮󣬴ؼˣã겻ܼɫҲ֮ǿʣĪο
ˣʹ𣬻ҪðرķգΪУǿʮ¶ǣֻ𣬻ûȫô
Ȱ˵䣬ȴϵüëչֻ˵޾ɱ޾ɱɣۼϵУͺܶ࣬ٶһҲûʲôñգһñöԷҲ˿ڡ
ǸմӦģҲҪȻͲôܵͼһ˿˿İأҪڴеؼʱ̣һǾǱ¶Ҳֵˡ
ڴô
ҲģҪܵõͻˡ
һЦֻģڴУ֮ңܵãҲͰˡ˵꣬תֵϣ˵Ҫר齨һӵǻ
𣡡
۾𾪣ôҲɢȥЦ𣬲Ҳǻһ𣿡ⷴʣһʱ䲻֪ô룬ȴкĹԭȥ
ϻС̣ͬʱȡСŮ룬ǵѪֹעȵȣ֪ʱѣҲ֮ʱܾܶͻˮʯ˰ɡ
·֮У˺ʶȤأǵ֮˳ûߡǿһߵһʱ뵽˵ǣ֣ǲؽ˹
΢΢һЦ
ҹϴҪûֹͣСںСŮͣѪʱʱô󣬳ڸоСȶȴڻԣ˵Ҫܶ
СŮȴûаѵƣ
죬еĳϣȻֹ


1674 ֵ
ֹΪôҹͣĳˢ޸֮£ϵȫӦ״̬𣬲֮ǰתĥѪָǿ̶ȣһ¥
ΪǿһתҲǾһ˺ųϵͬʱóó϶йĸ򣬻ࡣ
ֹˣѰҵĶſǳ￪ٳ˶һʮſǳѨϣ˫ﵹʮſǳȻ˶һʮſǳѨϣڻܽȫתǳҲתһٰʮţǻƴ¡
һٰʮǳѨѾܹѹóһʱˣһ˱رǿԴˣϵģֻҪѨϿٳˣʱʱ̴̿ˣܻὫٵǳѨȫġ
֮⣬ǳϸоѭʱΪ͵ĵططþһ裬ѭٶȿ˲٣Ȼ˸Ҳ˲١
Դ֮ڳ˵һ߻ߴϱǿÿһÿһ룬ɳǿҪǿ𳬹굤飬굤ƲǾͻԼ鷳ˡ
ûнҵǳȫٳѨϣСЩźȴ̫Ժеǻᣬ飬ϼʼķѾԶˡ
Խߣ߾Խ࣬ÿ߶æµѣ̺ʽڻĹԭѰżһɨҪػɨʮ飬ǣǵĽͷɨβһӰӶûС
ĽǷʣǸϢĻǼٵģʵĹԭûżֻ˹ѡ
ô룬ûһ뿪ĹԭòˣôҲҪŪĲſϰݣˣҿʼýŲҪһһ̤Ĺԭ
ΪǸ֮ˣýһ൱£ͬʱ߻ѰҵϢᵽǸߣϧȻûټͺʧһ
ʱ䣬Ѱжȹۼ䣬ţ
ڼ䣬ΪԵľ䣬˲ٵҩлԳԼѪΪҩƵĵҩһֵҩϼ˴ΪдӾϵģһЩںƣúΪܵõһӡ
˼䣬϶ȹʮգѾƵؽֽһйĸۣѾҪľйǷȱ򣬳ͷſнٽ١
Ȼľй򲻹Ϸſ˻֮Աڶλ٣õڶλ٣һ굤ˮ򣬻ʲôӦ
Ȼóǣڶλ٣û٣˵ӦûήµڶλٲŶԣôûأһеɵ㣬ģǸл˫ϡ
ûͼգֻڽľй취ľйľˣͣʩչľй򣬹Ȼûͣ¡
Ҳʱ˻ĹԭУ˼ӡСݼǣ½Զӣ
˰ֹ
һϲ鷢ڵĵ£гƴҩ̷£ˣ֮󣬾͸һַâ¶ĸоǿһѳʣҪնϰ˻ĵĽܸо񱻽նһ
ۣѿȴǱĿն飬ͬʱΪ֮οЦ˾ͺã˾ͺá
лл˼ңҪǳרΪƴҩֻڻأ˵ϲȾ˵˵ֵܣһˡ
˵ͷû˵лĻ֮ĸлü仰ģཻģ˵ҸоԼĽ棬һЩΪЩҲܽŭ˴ǰģҶûŪףĵʲô
ǶԴһ
ã
Ľ⽣һ
ȭ
ȡɵһƴɱ佣ӷɳףϵҲǾȣҪ֪ղû֣ѭֱʮڽȴþɳס
Ҳظо֮ƵģǾ佣Ǹ൱
ߵ˼״ȫ˳˼˼һ
̺ģʲô
ÿеɻ󣬾սҲ˼κԴϲ˵᲻֮йصĶ


1675 Ĳ²⣬Ϣ
ôһ˵鶼ԵΪˣֱʵеʹģ佣֮йصĶ
˵ʵڻҲֻǲ²ѣȻй֮ĴˣڵʵеλʸӴ
Щε˵ţȴǶųЦ˵˵棬ܵõλ֮ģǳˣȻڻҪϾ䡣
ߵĻûΪпܵõ֮ǿߴ˵ˣһʶ涥״ڵߣ֮ķƵرϣһֵܵҲ⣡
˵Щ֮ǿʲôԼҪȻ˭ϣԼǿ¶༸֮ǿأ
ϺҲ²ţ뵽˻֮ΪԪš̫šبʱԺ飬ʱϻûΪʲôˣڿ滹Щ£ŪĶҲ֪ûĹԭ
ǱߣֶԵ˵Ȼֻǲ²⣬ԻǺܸߣȻôܹ֮ʩչ棿ңŭˣҲֲ˺ã
ϲɫŨ˼֣ǳ͵أʲôæʵǰһֱӴͽ֮ǽĶ֮йأΪΪʲôֻǰأ
˵ǶʲôʱΪֱԾ桢桢֮أ˵һ˵ͷٴλĽһĸоѿ˵˵ŪĶԽ˹֮ء
佣ܺ͹֮ϹϵѾõ˲ˣϴ˻һֱӽ˶סˣҲǣ׽ųϵĻǻ棬Сڣɸų˵
˼䣬˵Ҫھ£;ԾԲܴȥȻԾ˵ǾǻǸˣϢǴ˳ȥ֪жٿ澳۷壬벻ù֮ߣѾץȥʵ飬ҪٳԽ֮ģǹ֮ǿߣҲҪˡ
ΪȻͷȴ˵ǣþ䲻ýһԷΪԸߵ㣬ܹоüͷҲŽ취
ͻأϿˣԺһ䣬Ҫѧѧ˵ʱҲһ£
ã
ն֮ʱ͸оԼĽܳϹϵоһʵԴڻ
һ˫񣬺ֶΪأ
Щ£ٴ̣ûֹͣΪСڶȻݾ̽굤飬ĥڿռȵȣҲûз
һֹ
Ĺԭϵգǳͷˣ˶дùĵļƻҪˡ
ɾʱһϢڻĹԭз贫˵żϢÿõߣϣһǴȥܴϢǼ٣Ҫȥ̽
ȻҲǵõϢȴûȥ˵վ¶˭֪ż᲻һıأ
˶ˡ
ǣأ
һЦԣǻҪϹȥҪԶԶģģթҲٶȣˣ֤ԼİΣ
ã
ǺϢ˵Ǵƽԭȥһ·ϣԶԼ£߾ȫŪ׽
⣬䣬Ҳһӳ֤϶Ծ佣֮ĸоԽԽ̣Ͼ֮࣬ҲһϢ
Ϣ˲ľ֣˵ֱҲʵ̫ˡ̾ţϵͷ˵ǲһ֣ӲһѪȵƴɱ


죬ĹԭϢ磬һһϢǴƽԭѾΪżƽԭ
Ϣ˵
żƽԭϣṩżϢǸ˵ʬ壡
żƽԭϷ˲רڲĲϣ
Ǿؾ֮󣬷ʮǰı

ԽԽͣϢԽԽ࣬ͳһŵǣҲͲסˣʼһżƽԭϳȥڴжȥ
棬䣡
ֻгǣڵģһ㶼ţǣģжȥҲǾǸУҵƴɱ֮С
ͬʱ˵ţĹԭеߣò𣿡
ݲ̽һ·ǺĹԭͷ羰ƵģһҲߵҪж
ܣʰȺˣ·ǵָҷ飿
ǺãúϷϳ


1676 ı
żƽԭϣѾۼ˾߰ˡ
Ѿ߰һԳ֮Ϊǵĵط˶㲻ʲôǣҪ߰ˣżļ֮⣬澳ǿߣرǿ֮У󲿷ֶ澳ǿߣҲв֮һ֮ң澳ǿߡ
ͱȽϺˡ
߰ˣ඼ڲͬĴ½ͬļɣ߶ߣͬˣͬĹԭżƽԭϣǾֻһĿġõڴУ
ΪˣǴ֣˿̵żƽԭȫһսɳʯ¡ϣָĹֶΣżƽԭɢĹâֱⶼѷɫˣżƽԭУݺصĳǧռѷ죬ſռ֮Ű⴦ء
ɵΣֻನҲޱȣֱżƽԭ˷еķ棬ʱ˿̣ðաҲ̶õȵȳݣ˿Ϊ
֮ƴɱ޷ǾǷĳһأ󷨣пͨڵıءУȷֵǸǶôСģôؽϢȥǵЩܣһ⣬ȫ˳ȥȷߣĪ˼¡
żƽԭϵĻ棬ȫ֮ĳǸȻǣе̻ڣͲĳΪϹõ̻Ļ˵ֻҪʵ㹻ǿ㹻㣬أ֮йϵģӲĻۣϢ˲ǶԷΪʵ̫ߡ
õⷬ뵽Լ̻ܲɱΣ뵽ҲֻðˣȻϵҪʵ̻֪ʶúõĥһ
۾ǳ˸ڿܲҳһǿߵĳй㣬˵ڳϵĹĦ֮£ҵһЩߵ㡣
ƴɱģֻгϣаˣ˵ǰһžӣżƽԭϵ飬ȫӳ˳ԽԽЦ
ȻһϷ
Զ֣ܽ߰һ򾡣
رǼϲģҪӲҲԲ¡
ǣڣȫŪڹ֮У˿򲻷ѣܰϵĶȫΪУô˵棬϶ٶкö˵Ʒ׵ķʱǿڻɣЩԴܹһٳΪɣ˵˵ģϿΪˬʣ۾ȴʱʱյĿ⡣
ΪһϮ£ͷڽ彣ȴǸѹӣһЦҪ˸ҪЩΣ֮ʣǿʩСƣһЩˣǳΪǵˣ

ӿžɱˣЦͣӼ˵ңǵ󣬴඼żɣõĺãЩҲΪã
ӾǺã㲼Щ󷨣һף
΢΢һЦΪţ˵ΪɣЩѾ㹻ˣǣҪڴ˵ĻⳡϷɾͳƲǺϷˣҪΪģɣҪΪɣڻһ㡣
˵ţӽĿ⿴üΪأһũӣֻҪ˴ıɹ֮Ϊɣ׾١
ũͷžֵһӢͦεСӣ۾⣬ȴǵʵСλ˽ӣϢ׼ȷ𣿡
ǧȷ
а𣿡
Ӳ΢Цɫأµ˵ǵõ鱨˰λ̫ǿƣֻͽСӽ˻ȥСӣץס϶ǰʱҲΪˣ̤֮ܣ˵ҲͲܡ
⻰Ǽѣ·Ѿ֪֮һ˵ҪżͺˣǾòŷô๦ƾ󷨵裬ڴģ䴫棬϶̤֮ܣ˵иߵġ
Ҳ֪˭ļϢҲãҪȻǵıôôаأָֻЦݣž˵Сӽˡ
۾бһ£ͻؿվĳǣɾ˵Ⱥ˵ʲôͷΪģվʲô
ùǣǶˣֻʱѡں˵ũҲûϣĶ飬ʵġ
ͬʱҲţżƽԭϣԽԽˣ·֣ĪżôЩأ


1677 ϶Ϸϳ
żƽԭϣΪ·ֶƴɱߣԽԽˣΪ󲿷߶ҵǵ·ҲڣȻмɣô˶أ
ǣɻɻȴû˷
һһأڵĲã˭ףȥпܲõڴУҪˣǾǰٷ֮ٵòˣԣҶҪġ
ôһ𣬾˰еҲ£϶˻ҧ󣬸οһȺǿߣȫŭˣ˭Ҳס
ԣڽ֮ǰлɵ˴˵ȲæɱڴһԷթ
󲿷߶ͬˣ仰һЦֻǵһƴɱѣкܶɱڵأôܣܲˡ
ũĿ⣬һֱδı֮УҪǸСӣ
ʱ֮󣬳ϵҰʲôȥӰˣĶЩˣжģˣòġ
ʬҰĳüĳϣЩԾǿɶܹưһǿߣ˿ȴͬ㣬һеһУеһУҷճɿգ̾ţһ˵΢˵ٵȵȣûûеĻȥһ̽
ã
ǼĵȴЩߣǼɴͨ󷨵ľ󣬲ͨľ󣬸ʩֶΣǰС
Ҳڹ۲ΧĻǲΪģҪΪ죬һܿǾ֤ȻΪġ
ǹ۲쵽ĽΧЩżĵƬһ࣬ǳƾãҲǺüǰģϲѵż
Ҳ˺Сģţһ˹أСĽ䱸ţȥԽǰߣƵѶȾԽ
Щ˵Ĳ̽Цôô̽⴦ĹŶǾǻʵģ뵱ǷʱΪż˺ü£ʲôǣһϹŶ
˵ӿŰӣЦٷϵĹŶҲͳ˴ı
϶ãҲҵ϶
Цȥ󣬾ͻ棬㲻ʶңҲʶ㣬кúöսһ˵ţִվδĳɨڹЦ
ʱ֮ʵǿˣˣȻйͷԼûҵȷǷΪżʱȲƴɱϧΪʵУʶȵȸӦΣԶΪԷеһ֣û˿ԥأԷɱȥҪöԷأǰ
ƴɱʱ˵磬ˡ
͵ˡ
ӴЦţӰʧ
ڶƴɱʼһĻ½½ڷ϶ĸݣʤ߼ǰһƴɱ߲ˣ˵ȻͳΪһ˵ˣеûгȥ̷ҩڷ϶еȴûеģΪأҪ˳Ŷ
Ȼôˣ󶼻˵һȥڴվǸӣЦλ˾°ɣ
˵ڵߣʱţֱ˺ȵʲôˣʲô
һЦ˵ʲôǻз֮𣿡
ˣ̤ǵˣ
ڲ֪̫ˣЦУָ˵ڣֻ·һҰɱڶ·һ죬һǵʱ
ҳûŶϷ
һߵĻû˵꣬һն£ʱնһѪ⣬߽Ծ飬ҲͺðˣľǣǳģûгģǵĶȫӵĴ
ʱţӷ϶ˣԽԽ٣ӵģжʮʱȻޱȣһָǾһǿߣЩ˽ƣתʱȥӵõѶͣڶڣʼʰЩˣڷ϶ˡ
϶֮Уʮ˷Ѿǧ࣬նŽ嵽һأоǸӢ꣬˿̣ȭͷ־ΣһҪõڴУҾͿΪĸ׸ˡ켴Ӣ̤н
Ӽ״ЦĺϷҪϳˡ
ͬʱ߼ôʱ򣬻û״˵ǰΣǶȥˡʱϵǰȥ


1678 ᲼֮
һǰȥ֮ʱǹնʮվڰ趨֮ʱӽעʮ˵ϣ˾ӣҲûп
ǰӿˣҲģϵΪ͵֮ͣΪ½֮󣬴ʱҲ͵ѣȷʵټǵΪԪڤɹ󣬻ûȫָΪһһͣҲߡֵһϣʱʱ̿ע⣬ȫȥԸ
ǰӢǵ֮أҪľȥԸģϾǴıǣҲĶѡ
Ӱһͳʮ˵ǰʱʮڰĥһô죬Ȼ俴ˣ㶼һ˴ȣ˭
Ǵɽˣ
Ц˵ũǽעǸӢ꣬ӢѣСıɵˣҪǻˣˣǿɾѡ
ӢиУҲǴ֣üͷ
ʮ˽Բִ֮ˣðһ仰ٿһ˶ûܵӣʱ߰˷֣ȴĴϣʵνżƽԭǲľ֣
ţ£
ʮɫ͵һһرˣһۣ裬ֻ˵ųżƽԭϢǣ

ֵЩҲֲµģ
Ȼ
һż˾֪ʹ໥ƴɱҲֶΡ
Ȼ
һ·֮ɱ󡢻ȵȴ󣬽Ϊ
о
Цһһشʻӣ³һӱ䣬˵᲼֮ˣǲ֮ˣ

벻ףǰôͻ᲼ˡ
ˣǱˣ䣡
Ѫħ½һϵе󷨷ɱ󻹲ռУɥڿռҲһ취Բ󷨵ĳϣǺ֮ˣ޵̫Ž󷨵ģҲһˡ
֮ն
³ĸ֣ЦȻܵˣ֮ģǣϾ˵òᣬܽնǣһ·

䣬ǳܵ𣿡
۾һУ˵ԼǾԵУ־Ʋƿеĸо²˭ѵҲд󱳾Ĵ󱳾ֻ˭
ũʵ˭
˭ǻûʸ֪һˣũ˵ǾͰС£õĶȫң⣬ٳңΪҶˮ裬ǣϳҾһС
к۾ж˵⻰ǴĿĹΪ֮ǱʵŻη壬ũȴ¶ЦݣЦݾͺֵĶջļһ
Ȼ㲻˵ǾԶ˵ˡ
˵ţũӰһٸᣬֱҪնɱһŭ𣬵ʱ³ѪʩطѪûɢ۳ɼͬһ˲䣬ӣ˹˫˫ųҡ
󣬼ƿ
ಡ
Ѫ֮ũϣũоΣϢȴ޿޿ɱܣֻܼз൲ͬʱӴ󹥻ȣҪնɱڵ
ۣ
䣡
ѪѪ֮˲ũըɿȥҲնϣɻȫӰѾʧˣֻһ仰˭Ҳһˣڴ£ֻһ
ӴʧɫΪĻΪũܵˣתͷȥֻũѪעɫ԰ޱȣӳȥιµҩʵ磬
޴󰭣
ũ˵ɣȴ֮Уһ˸ΪȻˣҺұܹλãҪеҾͽһغˡ
ôҲˣ
ʣʮһ֮УиصˣղŵǸ棬ȴûţȵһϣɱ
ͬʱȳģӢꡣ
ʮһ˳ɱȥһȣ󣡡
ӻٶȸϻ
һߣѡһڣȥӰҪʧʱͻ̧ͷһ£üͷϸƣ


1679 ɥ
̧ͷһǵΪһ·Ͽʲôǳ̵ĶһĶһζ⣬ҲֱϿӹĶʲôһ
ʲôأ
дɣתͷ϶ȥ
Ͽóһģʩչطѭߵ䣬ĹԭĿģնɱϣûĶɹͻƣֶҪڴеõ֣նɱϻǵһλ
ǣӲɱһεıҾһαɱĸŭ֣ټũľɱ֮ģһʱ佫ϸԺֱӲôɱУũƴ
ʵһɲǣͺˣԼͻҪϧûлͷֻܼȥܱ֮󣬲ŷ֣ܶҲ֮ţſߵȴţߵԣǳǳŭóϵҡҷ
֮ʱҲһɨȥһɨϳ˳ϣڼ֮ؾͽϵòȫߵֱȷϾɱǸˡ
ʱ𣬴Ѫһڣնɱϵúܣ״̬£ϣǳնֻܱţһһֱˡ
ҾܾʹȥһҪɱûҵĶ
ţ۾¶֮ɫˣطԼάһʱ۷״ֻ̬ǣ൱󣬲ΪִۣûضնɱϣͻƱֵõġ
ԣоżƽԭԶ֮ǿѰһأԼ󣬱ҪʩչطȥżƽԭΨһеοľǣ߽϶Ҳǰӵ֮С
ϣҲɱζҪŬţɱ㣡ݺ̷֮ҩϥĿ
ȴ֪ԼˣһԺһܲļƻҿ㹻ǳѨϣ굤㹻ǿܹ̺֮ʱߣܹƿʱҾȥռιøǿΪʵȵûжĹϵһ޸֮ˣҲӵŭ𣡡
ͬʱҲڹ۲ŷ϶ǰЩµĺۼжžƣԽ룬ߵɫԽسأʱʱ̸
һߣʮһٴУ⡰ȷʵ˵ǣ͵ֵסɰȴһҲ˲ΪŲߣһʧȴϣһ⣬⣬Ǵˣʱ֮ڣָˣܲս
ǵĺƻҪһˡ
ʮֲĵ˵ʮӣҲûЦݣɫЩƵ˵飬
ʮŸ˻ָһսץ˳֮󣬻Ŵ磬뿪żƽԭȴ˺ٰ֮Ѽƻȥ
Ҳֻˡ
ӸʮһЩҩˮ㣬裬ҲǸӢץȥȴϣߵһ룬һ˰;ɱ֪ݵˣˬأһ仰Ҳ˵ֱնɱȥ
Щˣõܽնɱˣ֪˾Ȼ˹ȥһףиŭնȥ
ǣֶˡ
ȥʱȡ˾ӣۿһնɱδɹ뵽볣һȺնɱˣüͷ壬󣬽йΧˡ
պãʩչɱйȥعȻһ㶼ţǶһЦ΢ƫͷһЦɫ˲ͣҿ϶ڶЦǶЦġ
֪ҵķλ
ɻ֮ʱֻһ鶫ӰֱʧУӰȴһ仰ҲʲôϷҺúõȥҪ벻Ļȫżƽԭ
ʧȴӿžκˣһ⣬֮ǰǸҪǰǸôˣȻҼȥɥ棿
ͬ𾪲ѣ˼ȥͬʱӴӾֿ˼Ӱǳһˡ
Ҳˣ
֪ΪΣ֮ǰһˣںһֺ󣬰ѾԭôˣǲҲһɣ


1680 ַ
ϵ˼ǿ֮͸оԼУͷŵЩ֮µĺۼĴɢһûбٵĲϣţЩ˵й󷨲á
ǰУ쿴֮󣬳д𰸣һ֮еС󣬽һ֮С
ͷܣֵܵĶڡߵȫһ֣˵һУ֮һ֡
ߡǰȥųϣôĪż
ϳ˼ҡҡͷ˵ڻȷżЩӦò׾Ͳ֣˲ֱ֪֮ǰ˲䣬֪ǣЩֻżΧҲԽ͡
˵ţͻضԵֻ˵뿴ŶеĻ棬ûɣ
ڴ֮£Ȼû⣬ֻҪ㹻
̻ǳŵ˵ϵԪҺ֮ˮעУϢŶĳڳǰ
ؿŶŷ֣ʵ治ùŶݣֱһڵصµżƽԭȵϵżƽԭҪ
ȻҲʮ˱ĵطԭϵǲֻǲһйŹ֡
һ󡣡
Ͼ̾ţüͷ˼֮˿̣һʱ뵽ģ󣬶ƣϾʲô״żڵʵѰ·ϲŲպյڣ᲻ǵһ㣬ڶɱ֮࣬ԣǵ򲻵֮ʱһУʹƣ϶ССġ
ʱ̻˵ҪҳһЩܹﵽתʵ󲿷ֽڴϵҶܿǰЩ󣡡

ָ̻˳һϲϲ뵽ǲý󣬱潫µԵô治һĴ˳֮Уʤǧ֮⡣
£ʵ㾡س󣿡
һַͺԷɳһɳַķʱڶַǰ˽̸Ʒ׸ø߽һЩҲͻųɳ
۾һȴûвԣֻ̻˵ַǳɳķǾЩлķԵģһ̣
̻ꣿ̷
Ͽŵ̵Ŀ⣬Щ죬ţ̻굹ǺһܹڷپѨϣҲܲڷ֮ꣿϸһ룬ߵķ࣬ǳ̷̣̻̻սѪΪpר̶޶̣Сڸ̵ø࡭
ַ죬ʵҲΣգΪһСģҾͱ˼ҷˣˣҪܲ¡
̻Щ̾ȴЦѾܱ̬ˣˣǷ̣꣬ܲ
ҲܣȻЧûԵķ֮ǿǣҲȫöࡣ
ǾͺãԺҶҡ
á
ҸɸءЦţЦݣ˵һַܹǿΣԿ̷ܱ֮꣬Ҫ󡣡
ʲô
̼æ˼˵磬ҲΣգǲ˵Σվд𣿡룬˵˵ķǽڽ󷨴ٽɳ
ڻꣿ
Ҳ˼ЦˣˣҲֻ˵˵ڻûоڽ꣬ûøǿأ
ϱĴ㣬Ƴؽ֮ؽ֮ʵ飬ɵ̻˵һӾ˵˳
Ҫ˼֮ʱ̻ǳׯص˳Ժ磬ԡ
ϾȣСܣҿһҲû
û¶ֻҪܱǿУ
㲻ûŪãûñǿ⣬𣿡
Ҳ£
УǵŪĻ꣬ɹ˵϶Ȼܾ˵飬˵ҵپһ㣬
ųϵĻ̻õѶϢеЩСжů˼ᵽˡֵܡ֮飬̻ԼҲ粻ֵܣ
ֵܣҪ߲嵶ġ
̻ţó飬ȴǴӴһ˵Сܣҿⶫ棬ûлꡣ
óģǺڰ׹飡


1681 Ѫ
Ͻڰ׹ڵ̵ĸм䣬ͺ̱źڰ׹һ
ֻ̻ǿۺڰ׹飬Գ˵ڻꡱ£ȴ˵Ļᣬ˵СܣҺҪǳҪ
ûƭ̻꣬ڰ׹Ҫԣͬһ㣬ڰ׹ڶҳ仰һֱǳϵĲֱҪǿǾĻм洦˵ƽϵ֮״
̻ϵǿڳԺ𣬡ðɣ磬ȿ磬Ҫ뵽˷һҪԣܶ෨ϱͿ󷨣Ҫڣ꣬Ҿͼ뷨֮Ϊһ壬֪Ƕôǿ󡣡
˵̻꣬оڰ׹ȥˣȻάŽŶĳչڳԺȴ̻Ļʧ񣬡뷨֮Ϊһ壬󷨡
ϸоԼҪץסǳؼĶˣɾʱǴϾйĵطȻһӽϵ˼˻æ̽ȥ
ֻǸŹִʯҲоǹ𶯵ȻôӲ󣬳һˣȻȫƽⲻˣҪߵǸŹִѶҲ̫󣬳϶˵ϣҪ֪⴦żǼ٣ǰһžܽ⿪ɻˡ
΢һ˼˵ã
һ˼ǰǰ󿪵棬սߵԷһ
ڰ趨ϷݵĵطһĻһĻϷ˰ӵԤϣղŵ𶯣۷ǿͬʱԱġ
׿ЩУӵԴľӢӵ֮⣬һ˵۷徳ᾭǧ࣬ǱƵͶ·ҪɴԱҲǺѵģ˭ȥߵøԶأ
ӸޱȣҲ
˺ټɰȴһʣµ߸ˣ֪ûУ뵽⣬æѶӣ˵ǧɲҪѳƼˣСԱҪԱǾˡ
˿̣Ӹպվڳǰж԰ΣȻ򵥣۷ʱڣֻǣżƽԭһƴɱǧӽڿݽߣҩȵֶΣҲþ
ŴˣжȵȹҲóܣӾϿգӸµؿų裬Цһô
ܸڴУ
һЦסȫʹԼгһƲ죬˵ҪڴУΪ㻹ߵܻڣ
ʲô˼
ӦиӣǸӣָպǹ֮ǿߣҪȻͽ϶У棬ͱҵˡ
ҪҲʶ
˿̳ŭ쳣֪żǼٵĶҪŭ˫۾ﶼܿŭҫЩ⣬ӿĻ˼ԼõϢѶӡ
ӴЦʶΪн澳ʵ
ʦ̵ģԼģ
ؽţӱ˵ʦʦҲӸҵģ似;ȫӵĹͣ
ܣǵģҪɱ㣡
費ʹ࣬ŭ֣ӷһѹֱܣȫѹ˻ȥ˵˵ڲҶ֣۷ʱڣҲҵĶ֣ӣǳıӡ
˵ˣҪǰ
Σ

³һ֣ٷɹȴͳһѪ⣬ĵƣ֮ʱʦģΣգѪ⣬Ȼܵ
ӿɫ䣬æ磬Ͻ˻Ӱһѭȥ֮󣬵˰ӵߣʵܣôˣ
еѪ⣬ΣգҲˣ

пǸı֮

ɫ䣬ʵô죿ɱɱãץץãѵҪȥ𣿡

ҡҡͷղ̽ӳĻشӦ治֪Ϊ˶٣෴ĪޣҲһͻͶ
ãô
ɨ˺Щ΢ָһЩʵĳߣָ˾Ÿˣ˵ȥʣµľŸȰǽ֮·
˵꣬ӿжһˣЦڽˣǽͲҪٳȥˡ켴һָ˶ʮˣ˵ǶʮˣȥȺ˸ɱˣһҲ


1682 ܲޣһ⣿

󣬻Ҫʩչ֧֣
һ֮󣬳Χʧˣȡ֮һƬɣн䱸Ѫý
ʵ밲ĻȻ෴飬ԺﲻϻصŸղǸ˵Ļʦҵģ似ģŵģ𣿡
һʣͶȻ񶨣ԲǣģΪʲôҪ׶ȥΪʲôǰûҿȺף
뵽ʦ˼ɼȥ֮󣬡ѵģ޲صʦߣһ
ţ̤һһǰȫ䣬СǸɽ壬ſεףϾ˼ֻпʱ򣬲¶˿˿Цݣ
ס
裬ȥϴ裬㿴Ūһ

ǴСļУȻֱѻڲһϢȻ󣬹ڴߵĳ裬𾪲ѵĻ֪һֱҪĵ֪¡
裬Ҫޡ
׶϶˵仰ֶȥ³豯֣֮󣬳ĿХڿգţڳԺеĳ裬ܲޣܲޣҪ飬ҪģôȥҪôܱ
к֮УЩˣǰǾ仰ĺ֯һóͷʹѣȻǰһӰ֮ˣԥأɱȥֹɱ
ǰɫЩ԰ףЦȻã蹻ˣǲѴ֮ͽŪˡ
˵ţɨطУûٳ֮ˣͬΪߵȰ˵ټ£ŸմӦˡ
á
΢һǱߣȴɫ΢䣬³һϸ⣬ԣ˶ʮ˹ȥɱȫ澳ߣȻʮ棬Ҳܷ۷ʱųɵʵд¼棬񣬻׾١
ˣʵϣȴһȣ˿̻ŵ棬ֻʮʮϣŨĿ־壬˳ȴ·ʱҪ־ʮ֡
ղ˵עڳϣûȥߣ֪ʲô˿־ˣ˵ܣȥ
ȱš
۾ųϣ˵ҿҪʲô
Ŀ⣬ȫڳϡ
ʮǰɱһƬ֪˲µľ֣һɱ֣ЩźΪòڴУû㹻Сɡ
У̻ͨ꣬ΧһЩĲã˸ǳǱߣҲ֪һЩڱΧ󣬳ѾܹƵóǣûȥƣΪһ֣ͽ󣬰󣬶ҪƵһɸɾ
˫ǳҫѰ֮㣬ԺиǷ󷨣ǰʮ棬ûȥᣬټˣ㹻ˣϵĿ־֮ɫȻǾ˵Ĺ͡
˵ΪȻͣ򹥻Ƿ棬ǰȷʵѷɫ٣ǣ棬ûв̫࣬رðˣܲԸҲôģԺС
෴Ƕʮ棬սֳˣôҲƽ˵ټϣĽϬޱȣ˹һն£һնһ׼
ʱǾŸ۷徳ߣ˻˵ʮˣȥ¡һ£˵ܻ׽;׽
ӵܲΪѹߣȴҲ޿κΣֻμ°˵Ľ·ȥ
ֻ֮һ֮ңߣȻڰӣȴǼƽ⣬ŨŨŭ˾׼ŭйڳǵϡ
һڵһŻҺӵ߾ȵСӣ
˼ҹô⣬ټ
һлҺ֮ʹûҺߴŭѣצֱץȥצڰУӰһȵŭն
ͬʱϳ֣


1683 ţ
һ̤أһʯӶͶƽˮ棬ȦȦƣƲ㴫ݿȥ
ӵעھϣһǸ澳ߣȻ㺷η澳ǿնȥ澳ǿ˲ᣬҲ
ʲô֧ţ
Ӿ϶͸ΣֻڳһֱֻնҺߵѪ֮Уû˺ۣûѪֻλҺߵŭȻ𣬴ﵽ۷壬ŭҺŭţצƣնȥ
ۿƾҪնھϣҺӵŭҲ쵽£ɾһ˲䣬ҺӵؿڣȻ䱬ըѪɣҺӵŭʱɲҽӵɶȥ
һֱɣɵúԶ
ӱھһϬȻ䣬ֻҺôܷôԶ˵ҺӵʵǻҺӴ˿УܶĴֻҪûдﵽ̶ֳȣҺ͸ͣˡ
ʵƫƫǣҺӻԶͣͲһ
⣬ֻ˵Ӳڴ˴󣬱Ϣˣӵ󣬰ֱӿһʣ˭Ƶģ
ţҺӵɵӰͣµƣһ֮ĲƣҲҪɢʱٶͬʱѭӰ̤¡

ʱǼͣĲƣּǰȥƱ֮ǰҪеҪγС˵ƣƣӻܵһɳǰɡ
ʱоųϣ˵ԭ󣿡켴֮ɫԻǸһ⣬ɿϵľֱֹüΪЦǰ󷨣ֱǰŪȻղУƵúɽһҲƲãɱ
£ӰȥֻӿžӣǵĴ磡
һ˲һ
չ󹥣˫ƣѵˮÿһһƬƣӻԱȥӣĳ̶ȣӵĸоģ˼Ըһ
ҾͲţ裬Ҹߣ
˫ֲͣһּ๥һֲЩвٶǽǰĴ֮ϣҪƣѹסϡ
ȴ֪ΪԱϿ˸
бŷ֮Ѿ͸仯Լܵ󷨣֮Уûðٵ෴ż仹һЩ
Ӽ״¶ޱŵɣ˵㻹Զ
һЦ˳߲ʵЩ󷨣Ǵѧģȷʵܲ򵥣ѹܹ߰棬Ū֮С
ѧģΣ
˵ûʵЩ󷨣ΪʱһϿѰݣ䷢һѾߣһ˲ƣߵĴָ֮󣬱淢󷨹飬֮󷨣һޣžϲط֣ԭ棬кܸߵ츳Ӳͣ󷨣棬Ķ֡

Ȼ
Ȼ˵Ͻȴûͣţ˵ҲʵΪؽҲ󷨺о˼ҼǰĽ˵ҪһЩ
ǣе̻֮಻ֲǴ󷴳ˣ֪֪ˣȴֻ֪Լ֪ϡ
ڽУཫŶתˣתõĵطԽ࣬ȥȴԽԽ٣ʲôȴֱЩˣ벻ﲻϻѹţѵǡʱӿԾ£һɺȵţ
ԣţ
ȻԼѡ·Ըȥɣ
⣡
֣ɻѣǳϰűţһٷӶһüͷɳȴǷš
ʲô
ţȴҪûϸնɱУ£ӽ߾ȫȫϹɱȥ
ȫתǹѹֱϢޱ飬һҪڳʱתָǰȵ
ʱڳ֮ǰͣĵطӿǧӿңӦγ˾캧ˣͺ˵Ĵֿ֮ٱ
Ӵţ˲˳֮ǰˣʱУʱͣԭ򣬡ԭڲ֣ߣ߳棬ɡ
뵽Ҳ벻ȥˣΪ˳ųָķȥģǡΧס


1684 ǧػ
Ϲ
軹з񹥻󲻽ŰӵĿƣأ٣ǰƱҪˣھҪܶصˣҪǹжײС
ʵϣ˲ٹһ㲻ױƣƣƣǣ󣬶ڹ벻ƶѣٿڶҡƺƴļʽ˾᲻ˣŪñȴĽֻҪҡ
ʱ򣬰Ҫ뿪ǱȽ׵ģǣȴ߿˳ǵļƻǳҪ֮⣬г費ܳ£λ˷ŭ˭Ҳܲס
ǺͷΪ֮ҲǣҲǡ
Ӷųϣ뵽Ļôʱﲻͷô֪Ҫ֮Īڵ֮Ҳ㵽ˣ
˼ɿתͬʱҲûţȫҪҵĴһȴִñȼʮƥֵҰˣӻ֣ǰѾԼµǸˡ
⡭ܣ
ڿţȴ̧ͷʵҵ󣿡
ֻһĶ
ôģ
еƶļʽһЦ޷Ǿǽ׺ɣѡ
ʲô˼
ûټȥӲĵʵôܽҵĹĹ
ƩӵբţˮðӿȵһʱٿբˮʱӿɾΣƵĹͺñһ΢ȽϴͷһײȻͱλ٣ٱɾεһ֡
϶һ£˵Ұǧػ󷨣
˳˼ȥܱĴ󣬻ΣյĿֻţբţǺӵǴţõբţûˮͳɣ
˲࣬Ӳ޾ǰƶĹ켣ֻһ飬˸߰˰ˣʱѪȴ¶ЦݣԳ˵һȷʵȲ㣡
˵ˣõĲ󷨣似
似
ˣһûתùô似Ϲϵأǲ֪ǧػ󷨣УڳϻֻССʱһ׷ѪսƴɱʱһСػơ似
似󷨣ҲǳҰ·ӵĥóһģ뵽ַӣᱻǷӣʵƴ󣬳ϲ似˱һЩȻûʱʱȥ룬ʱʱȥȴһֱڳţһܱŷ
ӵҲѣ벻׾Ͳȥ룬ϵЦݸʢ˿ûȥԽԽصƣƵԽԽΣ˵ƵҲã似ƵҲã֮ˣǣ֪Ǹ˭ҪˣԻˣ
Ŷ
ǹ֮ǿߣǳѾõ֣ǳɱӣɣƶ仰˵˳ţϢס֡
һס֣ͬģҪբĺˮջܵķɣأǰٱϡ
ȻʧˣûһֵƣϸûһǳȫЦݣһСݵЦݣ
ûƭ㣬г裬ǲڤˣ
ǰҪԳ֣ͼɰȻΪˣӼϻ޶ԣ¸ˡ
㲻²ڤ˵ŭ𣿡
ЦֻŭյĲңɣ
ҲӲ
ǿɲһ
ŵ𣬹֮ǿ߾ûκһ
̫ˣһССҲҶԲڤ˲
ҿñˣɣе֮Ľңһ˵ţȴûᣬѾġ󡱣𣬡ͣ£ܳ¶
Ϻѹʵ˼ǲӦˣ
ҴӦͣ¡
ȰѶң
Ҳˣ󷨣Ƿǳϡ֮һűһ󷨣ҲûӦǣӻûдﵽĹľ磬ǾԼСҪ
ˣֻһԥʹ¾ģָ˳ϡ
㣡
Ͻסָȴûͣ£ǾȥƳڴָϵӡǣӼ״Ѫ˵㻰
˵Ҫͣ˵ô֪ҵǲأܵҪһɡ
㡭
Ҳ˵ֻǲͣѪѪʱǰġַ˱仯æȥܣԺȴĳһеĻ档


1685 ΪʲôҪȣ
С
ûпУȴеظоǴĹγһС
ܵ⣬ӸĻţΪģпɱһĹǿ˵֮ǰ軹пܴУͿ϶ὫеһУʵ÷顣
ס֣ٲס֣ȫҪˣ
ӺյؼŴָ˿ˡ
ӣ
һȴ뵽ǲڻ󷨲һ뵽⣬ӸϽһֱȥһ󷨣㣬Ͻȳ
ץָоƤ˿ǳֹţʲô
֮ʱϵͲɼһһΪͨ󷨵ǿߣ֮Ǵָ֪ⶫǶôֱóһ˲뵽꺮ϵõͬˣĪޱȡ
ѾǶһϲ֮ɫŵģһһۣϵԺֳľ˸ǳ
ǳ󣡹ȻǺö
ҲɿǱߣȴǾ̲ѣټϷŭˣе󷨣ȫˣôͣ£ȳ
ûˣ
Цһ䣬ӺûˣһҲûС
Ŷ
ŶʲôŶѳȳ
ΪʲôҪȡ
仰ֱҪѪ˳ϵĻ£ڤ˲Źܻ˵ţȴ˵ֲʲô£
ɡ
ѿڶֱΪܣôֲйôˣȻ϶ӻתͷ
һʱȻֹ
ֻ裬գ·ͷһ˿ɢңӸϽܣовûʧվλãе룡
һʱ䣬˸ƺֻҪͨһ;ͻһ㣬۽⣬ظպó˳ǳͼԺ˼ӿ
£Ѫ
ʱ򣬰Ȼף֮޶ԣ˼ȷ費¶ЦԼǿǳǳҪ󷨾˹ȥ
Ҳ˼άݣĸ֮ˣҪҲŪ˴ֱʣһֻ֣Ҫչ֮ʱ⣬ðЩɣ˼άңǸʱֱ־Ūûţš
ʵҲû뵽һӾ͸ôһϲǳͼңǧ࣬ĥѣҲţ⸱ǳͼֹš
ûоǳͼ裬ŭİӣָЩСȭͷͬ裬ոտȥвһס
ǰеĳ裬ǽⲻᣬ޾Ǳޱȣ˿̣ŴѪĿϣǼ㣬ؽ޷ĸоһˣ
ȷʵˣԽԽⲻãȻΪվɳȥһգᱩ߻ħء
дйһó轫΢һɣ⣬ڽϳһʱ䣬ᱬᣬûȫأؽ⿪
Ҫؽ⿪ֻҪĸԴ
Ͽų״̬״̬ϺϤ˵ǰһҲΪ֮ԶˣҲø
˵䣬ѾߣԾնоӣ޿ӣ˽ȥӿûܵĴҽʱڹŶ֮УǾǷŭ˿˿ɻ󣬵һлָƽѾǵڳϵǰ
߽ܻ񣬳Ҫתȥͻؿ˵ˣ
ʲô𣿡
ǰ˵ҡ
ɺ϶ѡ
ǲɺϣ֮ңҪ㣬Ҵ˿̻֪³׽̻ңжҪ˵⻰ʱ۾бһ۰ӣһɱ֣ȴǳ˵гͬҪ𣡡
ȻóЩпȥܣϿһ仰ô˵ģĿܰ컵¡ԣЦʳ裺α
ҡ
һʱ벻ϵıһ࣬ĴֻʣһѪ⣬Ѫʦ˵һֱѪǸĺйأǸǣϣǸֱӵǣɲ֪ôģӲ
˰죬˵ɣҲһһһ㱨ˡ


1686 Գ޻ڣ̫Ե
ĻϾе˼ЦҪˣǳǿ˵㲻Ȳҵ㶪СȷҪһ
ӺɷԳ޻ڣ
һ޾壬ǰȣһۣЦݣ˵㲻ҪһֱңȻô֪ûΣգ
ԣ迴۳ϡˣž߰˶ûƾ֣ȴȺʵ˸Ƶˣ뵽һЩص˵ͷ
ϼȷʵԳ֮ˣ˵ɣ㵱걣ڣ֮󣬾ûоȵһҲ㱨ҵľ֮壬Σ
Щ⣬֮ǰﻹЩɣɳǲ֣ʩչΪСƣôǾȥصã
˳ϵĶ
ƣ谭ϿŰӣһ¾Ǳߵ˵ɱƴɱҵʱˣǸлȥˡ
Ͽӣʵղƣͬ򰵺ţ˵֮ɫѾ䣬ղȷʵ紫ѶϢöһͶȫȺ˸Χɱڴˣţǰһ;
ҲΪ󷨺ƴɱ棬ͻв磬Ͼһ˵ľޣҪȫǷǳѵһ¡
ȻİŴȥˣҲӰЩҲ˻ȥ˲ԤУֹţʲô
Ƕ԰ȵǰǸأ
Ҳ֪
룬˵ʵҸղûй
ȻǾȥҰɣ߰ıôҲһʲƸˡ϶ǳںС֮⣬һµ뷨ڵע̻꣬
һ˼ǰȥӲ֪ʲô⣬ָ·֮ǰֵվ֮һ·ϣ˰һЩ֪ʶ
һĻĻӿǰȥӸǰЦʵҲһ󷨡
ũվߣȴ۷徳߸ýũܣ㵽ʲô
磬ȻΪǵĺͼҵ
ǣ㡣
һЦȻǣֻΪʵǸͼҵǶˡũ۾һȴʲôû˵ֻǱˡ
ͬʱǸðӼϷˣżƽԭѰţﻹ˺صˣʩչطѪѭҲѭ̫ԶŶԣɺϣʲôĿģ᲻ӵϷʲôӰ졣
˿̣ʩչطԼΪʵԱǣ
żƽԭһξĵط˼ڲ첻ţ˼Щʵʵ㣬һ·Ҳûʹ·ô֪Ĺԭ
һЦо
о
˼˼⣬Щ֪ˣҪЩڴԺ︡˵ǸҲ¹ȴΪ˻Ҫ¹Ӱ
ʱŲһͣȵ
˭
˼ӸоǰֻʲôûУͻ߳һϮ£Цӣ˼۾Ƶɫפ㣬չֳ¶ŵӣŴЦݣ˵λС㣬ʲôʱ
ﲻﲻ˼˿̫ҲЦŻصʱ
ܹʱԵ
Ц˵û˸ͣЦʵλǻĹԭ𣿡
˼Ц԰
һƣ̫ԵˣҲȥĹԭ֪ܷλСͬУһ·ϣԸΪλ𻢡
˼ǰ˵С֣ޣλС㷼
Ҫٸǰһұ֤һԳ࣡
ｫԳࡱҧرأ֣˼άҲתÿ죬ʱֵ壬ȻͣˣϵЦȴһҲûб仯һ֣ЦλС㣬һСѰ
üƣҪ˵˼ȴǴ˵˼䣬ʧٹܣֱǰȥ˼֣˵
֡
Ҳ֣ʲôӱվ˼ǰһ˵
Ҳų
˼񡰿һЦ֣˵ҵĶطҪķоŷ֣˼ŷ֣ܾžŹһ벻ѧҽ̽㣬ʦֻҪһƬУ
ð
˼۾תЦ˵һݵģȴ˼ʵֻǲ֪嵽һҪ㹻Ļ
֣˼Цϡ
ǱߣһˣѾߵ˰֮ǰڵһһȥͻ


1687 ޼ɱ
ռɱ󣡡
ɫ䣬æҪ˳ȥȴһϤޱȵܣˣ㻹ҪȥʲôͲ뿴Ǵ磿
üͷһ壬ûв˴󷨣̻ͨ꿴ģҲޱȵϿգռɱ󣿿գǲ𣿡
Ǳߣѹо̣ʵ磬ʲô˼
ܣһأЩ˵ǵļƻ㻹ǵʲôǴ粻롭
磬ǰȫΧɱΪӶ
ԽԽ䣬ŭȴԽԽڣҪǻ֪ĶĻɵˡ
ܣҲп˵Щ˲򵥰㿴ٸնɱģжٸնɱģ֮ǰҪȫ֣Ҹұ֤ɱǣǾһˣģȫɱ
Ҿն𣿶磡
ˡ
ӵǰһôˬʣɰӴ˿ȴǴ̶ޱȣֻһЦ˵㣬дأ
Ϊƣǰ̫Сˡ
аɣҲϰ߱ǵһûӵĴϴֿˣҲҪôңܣİɣƶļƻһģԸҲɣԣǾͰĵȥɡ
Ҫܣûʸ񣡡
С
ЦΪƣ㲻ɱңܰ׳𣿿ռɱ˵ģȻΪ⣬ûвǣɱңռɱ󻹲
ٻأٺúõؿһǿռɱ𣿡
Ϊһɲ䣬ٻɫһæоȥԽоɫԽѿͷѾжˮΪЦоΣʶĿռɱһ𣿡
ٻûлش𣬿ɿ飬ѾǲԶʱվһԵĳ裬Ϊƣһնͷ­
ӣ㲻Ǻӣɱ𣿲ǺһѣһϷܹΪױˣΣ
벻ޣҵ£òܣǣԴն輫Ϊ侲һ㷢ƶûУΪаԾףСӻǱ˸ˣ
ûٻΪֵܣɷĿɳҲо󣬵̻ﲻæֱϵѾûˣǰҲһƬڣҪҲҪʲôУתͷٻأ˵˵ռɱ󡣡
ϣٻزϣǰҲΪͨ󷨣˺Ӧòѣæ˵ռɱ󣬲УΪɱУһҳҲȡ
ٻ˵úϸ˵֮ɫ૵ֻǣѾǿռɱˣΪŪʲô仯棬һ
ϼԪҺΪģɢӿȥĿģԪҺʲô󣬳ϾͿԽԪҺķʽĵĴСȵȣ˽һ¡
ûõģǵΪʲôãԹԳңΪЧһԸһ·Ͼ󷨣Һá
ΪƿϵΪЦ˵ٻȴǸϽջ

һʣٻ˵ҲữռɱɱУһнԿɻΪɱУΪ֮⡣ٻص䣬ϼȥԪҺ˵ɱһˡ
֮⣿
ţ˫ּ磬ǾɱԪҺУɱҪնǰʱԪҺȴˡءΣɱѭ
ɱУǶǿ
ٻ𾪣һʱ׼ţҪȣΪƼ״˵ٻأ㿴ˣҪǰɣСӣʲô֣вţһɣպͼҵ֮ʱ㽫֮ϣֻһ֮£Σ
ҲΪ飡
˵ִ롰ء룬ԪҺ˻ٴγһСǸˮգ˵ȥˡ
Ҳʵ۶
ΪƱ粵ֵСӣûз֣Աס
𣿡
Ȼǡ
һЦתͷٻأռɱںδ
ٻػûлش𣬺Ϊƾ˵󣬲ǿռɱҽ֮Ϊ޼ɱ޼ɱϽ졢½ӵص޾ռ䣬ǹɱУá


1688 
һ֮õ£һﲻɱУɱ֮ɱ£伫Ϊ޼ɱ󣡡Ϊ˵ⷬʱûһĿЦζеֻأޱȵţ˵仰󣬺Ϊ˵ԣɣ˳߲
үүһԴ
սսҪҳȥϽסԺΪ˵޼ɱܽ޾ռɣҲ˵޼ɱܹܹܶ仯ɱˣ
Ϊüͷһ壬޼ɱȻǻûһرµ޼ɱ󣬲޼ɱ޼ɱȻܹȡռеҲȡɡ
Ϊһ㵣ĶûУֱЦ˵ٰǵɱУǴ´࣡
ǿɲһ
ϵ˵ս񡢾䡢ǲһֵܵһЩӿԪҺʡءɢ
ΪƼһУЦ޼ɱɱ
ءԪҺҪǧֱҪѳɴ⬣һԾءģάסԪҺתءԽԽԽԽԶ޼ɱӿޱȡ
Ժƺűй־ֻһζԸĻƽһζԸ޼ɱ
ǣ޼ɱȻƽ鷳ˣҲΣնˣҪű޼ɱҪԺܶܶࣻ޼ɱͬʱҪȥȵȻɱУˣڼʱҪֹɱС
ʵòô鷳ǿʼʲô޼ɱоԻٵøɸɾһ˿棬ֻǣǿʵ̫˷ˡ
ңϲǵؼ󣻴⣬ϻһĿģǾǲ̽һ޼ɱ󣬵Ǹʲô͹죬þݴȥ
Ϊƿųϼüͷ壬Щũ˵ȻҼƲ޼ɱ󣬿һкܶҪʱ˷ϣԣΪ
䣬ΪƾͶٻ˵һǽɣ㲻뿴Ŵ;ȫ֣նɱˣҴ޼ɱȫ㣡
Ϊƣñɣ
ٻɫҰײҰ׵ģΪЦл佱켴һָũ˵ĵطũֱʹУȴǺܣҪңҪúûţΪұ𣡡
һֵΪ㣬ҪԱˣͲΪϴ룿ϴһʹҲǺõģ԰ɣΪЦ˵ٻţǱӦ𣿡
֮ǰٻóĽᣬó񣬶ڣȴֵԼٻؿųϣ䡢ȴǶٻأֻҪٻ˿춯ͻնɱȥ
ΪũʩչֶΣũʹѣƫƫԱãũĲҽٻоʹʮ֣֪ôȷģҪİպΪ˵ȥȲ˴磬ԼҲΪƵıͻóѡ
ֵһķϣҲҪɱֻҪˣҾϴʹȥΣ
ΪƣҲóѵġٻѪָȵ磬ԲһҪҴ磬һΪ㱨ģ
ũʹţȴЦݣ۾ﻹ޾į֮ɫֻ֮һ֮ңԭΪһᣬȴϣһ⣬вˣܱǣҲǱѣʹĵǣΪƱѡ
ǹȻߣֻұԶûпˣȻûãǾȥɡΪƻ£ٻر㿴һӰն
ӰĴ磡
硭
ٻشһ׹ϧѾˣһƣȻն£ٻƴȫűܹλãɵڶɱٻ޻֮
·һʹ㡣
źΪƵĻٻʹĲѣҪҲҪնǸֵܵС˵ǣڶɱУѴѪ֮ϴͬʱɱУֱٻطЩɱлУٻرɡ

УٻͻؿϣȫǱܷӦأٻؿңֻҪңֻҪɱˣҰ㣡

ءĳϣ۾һΪٻصĻǷ޼ɱһЩΪ˵ѱôȵ㣿ǳ˵Σ
Ȼڼֻ˷ģЩɱУٻصѪ֮ʱϺȳһ֣


1689 ܰεöڽ
ʲôƾ㣬ҿƵ޼ɱ󶨵𣿡
Ϊﺰ֣Ժ˲Щͷû꣬ΪƾͿ޼УһģҫҪٻСɱУͣٻصѪ֮ϡ
ֿһĺΪƣӿٰζй˼ѵһҪǵù⣿˻ҵ޼ɱ󣿡
ڷĹΧڵٻأҲסˡ
衢ЩûдڶķΧڵˣҲ֮У˲뵽˵ЩӿģĻŵӣǸӵؼᶨ
֮ǿЩɱбס޼ɱУҲס˲١
һ֮ϵġءȻ䱩ʮƺƵɨȥֱٻصЩɱУһɨͬʱ֪޼ɱЩ͡
ҲֻһϢʱ䣡
ϻΪ굤ûںһʱǸʱġܹԷһĴֲٶȻϲ٣ܶ໭ϼڣŻһġϱоЩѷһҲǼΪѡ
ҪȻģġܽ޼ɱ󡱵͹죬һ߰˰ˣ㲻ˣǾҲҪϲ١
Գ˵һϢʱ䣬Ƕ˽һЩռһϷ磻ɶٻ˵ǾһϢʧٻϽѪָ˹ųϵĿ𾪣˵˵ˡ
ٻص̼Ϊ񣬺ΪƾŵͬʱԳȴٴ˽֮ģ˵Сӣ벻㻹ȻôѵԸ˸ķʹСӣְɣǽῪһ׳ʱһǵʱ
ΪƵ˹ƻȴǵ˵Һġ
᣿
һˣߣϵشŪͿˣѧãǲܣϾȻ˴ķҪߡԳ֪֪ף϶Ҫɳϵˣ˿̣ˡٻصȵȣв²ϵ֣²ֶĴɻǴ壬ȻôƾΪ߾֮࡭
Ϊûмȥое಻ʱȵǲײǽͷˡ
ˡ
תڵǳѨϣھ޴ޱȵġءУŸУ˵ҾײǽҲͷΪһǽײƣͺñ޼ɱ󣡡
ŻӿȵǳܣԪҺӿΪҲȫ޼ɱ޾ɱУڳϡ
ȴǲܲˣ˵⹥һ𣿡
Ը
ΪߣȴǲʾշƵЩˣ·һ·նϣһ·նǣЩ޼ɱУоֻǳ֮ʱоɸоʱѾǺ֪
ŴˣǳԿ٣оǷ֮ʱ޼ɱ󷢶ǼȥɱУǷɱ֮£ԽԽˣرս񣬹ԽͣԽأǲҪȻء
ϵľҪ΢һ㣬ЩӽֵķΧڣ޼ɱĿ΢ٲȻǳ˳ϵĵ̡
Ϊܵסͬ飬ܵס𣿡
˵ΪվΧǵɱϡ䣬վ֮Уվĸλսþȫҳȥ
ϵĻ˳Ǳ˲ܣЩȻ棬Ӱ죬ܵӰ֮£ƫ
սɾûôֹˣÿҳȥĹطսѪΪ˵ûõģ޼ɱɲģܹƵģңУ˵ǧ𣿡
ܹζǧζܹζǧڣ˵ţڡءУϲ󷨣ű˵ġΪӪ
ʹóڽ𣿡
Сүү˫
սӰۿҪȥսȴһƱսһ𣬵ڶ£ЩӰսȥʱ򣬾ˮһԶܵս
ΪƿžƣԽԽϣ۾оӣֱ޼ɱĳһȵҵģ


1690 ߹⹥
澵һ޼ɱУʱâȻֹâУ鲼޼ɱÿһϵġءжâ
ͬǧն
ٻ𾪲ѣȵ㾹Ȼ߹⹥
ǲһ㣬߹⾵޼ɱУܹʩչ߹ɱ߹ɱѭΣʲôǰ׷ѡ
Ϊƺţ˵ЦȻ滹ĹͣҪϸ˵Ҳĥ޼ɱ󣬸ڲ߹⹥
߹⹥
ȴʣ⻹ǵһâҿܹиնƵĹâܻһǿҲһظоˡۡĸо
ϵʣٻ˵߹⹥âʵԵĹ޿ײ룬Ļǣ߹⹥˵۾ԺͶµĹâÿһֹâŲͬĹһģЩǴ˵ڲйɵ˺൱󡣡
ұأ
У߹⹥ϹӣԺҲֳĳֹâ
ô
۾ɻ֮ʣءƻ٣ƻĶɱУΪЦԾ֪ˣɫΣ
䣬޼ɱеÿһˣ۾ﶼֳɫԺ뵽ҲǺɫζŵģǺɫһƬ죡
ɫ֮⣡
Ϊת󷨣۾ԺƬɫʱ¡ը䡢ս˵۽ǣѪԴγģҪըһʹ˷˵Ϊأ
еĺɫǱըֻܵ˱Ҫö࣬Ͼ൱ǿԺĺɫըǴһЩ˺
ζΣ
ΪЦ˼ȴǷɿתţȴܸоõâüоõȴţ֮ǷʲôлҸˮĻǷһ£ɫ㡢ζɫɫ۾ӾնӾ
ɫû֮⣡
ɫȻ֮⣡

ںΪʩչһеĹâʱһѪѣ֮£Ѿɢҿٲ󣬾սҹ£豬ȫΪ˫
Ҳһѽʩչնӡǣ޼ɱ֮УĹֱɱüͷ޼ɱУʩչնɱҲûãǷٷѡ
ѵûа취
֮ǰʣֳָâӾֻ£նи߹Ĺâأʲôâ߹أ
ϵǵһʱ뵽˵ֻֻۣۿɲܼģ˵ֻۣʲôأ͵أ뵽ǳʱڲл⡣
ǳ֮⣿һԣУͼ𣡡
£ϱ˫ۡ
ΪƼ״ЦǸ㣬۾ҲûȻоɫ֮ģ⣬㲻ҵ⣬һ⣬նɱøɸɾɫ֮⣬޾һֱ
仰еġǡûа裡
ٻغҵ߹⾵߹⾵߹⹥ͻ᲻ơ
δţԺǳͼϸոմٻеõģֻǽסûоǳȳ֪ǳʱۡ
ǡʱһƺɫ֮⣬Ҫӳϵ۾ȴһȥͬ󺣣Ӱ٣Ϊʱ͸оһס
㻹ɫ֮ⲻɣ
ΪƵڳϣȻ߹⾵߹⹥ҲԶ𣬲ݲֹģԣҪЩˣΪҲףȺ棬Ͼģǽ˳ϣˣͺðˡ
߹ۣǳ֮С
˺ΪƵĻеץסһ̡֣âҲ𣿡һ£ûҵ̵İ취âһֱ뵤У㽫â
˵Ҳ뵤ںһ𣬵Ȼǿһԣ̡ܲ
ЩϲûֹͣԪҺǳܺƺƼΪƷֶ޼ɱĿƣѵľԽԽ󣬺Ϊ𾪣ɱӿе棬ȫɱȥӽ˳֮ҲҪϼٻ޼ɱգͬʱתɹ
УΪƽӳ۾ɫ֮⣬ֱӳϵԺҾͲţԺ㻹ֵܵס̵ˣ
ϼǳ֮ǳ֮⣬ؽֻ֮ϵֻҲֻ۾ѣΪܹôܣҵ˫ۣҲֻĻ


1691 ǲ
˫ǳ˸
Ժǳת
ɫ֮۶ûԺҲɢЩû㶼תǳ󣬸ת˽ȥû˺
ǳ󣬿ǳ֮ܣ۾ǳͼɢǳ֮⣬ɫ֮󺣣ת۲ӰԺǳ󣬸߹⹥Ժ룬֣Ѫд桭
һһظţŵֻʱĸܣǧٴκ󣬶۾йܣһ˿˿ʵ뷨
ΪȴЩˣâޱȣΪ߹⹥ټ޼ɱ󣬳⣬ʲô̫⣬֪ûгֶ˸⡣
ֵ߹⹥ûиһۣҵģɲֻôЩ
Ϊ˵ȭͷϣЩϣȻЩ˲ᣬҪƻӦûʲôɡ
ʮԱΪ˽ƣڵʵƲˣУǵúΪƣСɾˣˣǶ߾ȫԳΪɢնȥ
˭ΪϻᾡƶֿΪƿš޼ɱ󡱣˵ֻҪһֵһͻ
Ȼϵǣϸûеֿó˵·һء֣˺üʮء֣ÿءֵĶһУάΧá޼ɱɣ߽仯ΪɱС
·һʮ治ס켴عдϲѣǽӵƻУлܹɱϣֶֺΪأ
ˣʮ棬ɱУٶȿϣΪ鲻Խбʱ˿̣϶ûƶӣ˵ʲô
˵֮ǰĲ²⣬ȫ׼ȷ߹⹥ܹΪһҧʳָѪ߹⾵޼ɱУʱѪɫ⾡ȾѪɫΪƽ޼ɱٷ֮ʮĹȫ˳ϡ
ûд߶ɱзɱȥΪڵʵĻƱؽӰ쵽ЩķӣЩԽԽΪ˵㣬ôù
ϿŶʮ棬ǰˣ۷徳棬ֻûһǿ߷ɣǱϵ˵֮ʮߣ
ССҲţ
󷨣Ǵ׵ĸ򣡡
ʲôϷֻʵҲܽնʮ˶Σ
棬ûнϷǰһλЦ֮󣬺Сӣɣӥʳ
նϿգ
ɭ󽣣
˲澳ǿߣˣɱɢֲܣֱһԶ֮ٻأ¶֮ɫȳϣȴΪ
ɳϣȴ侲ޱȣȻתǳȻǡءУֶ˺üνɱзɱ⣬ȥġءУȴ˱仯ϿϸЦݣΪװʲô򶨣ЩɱնϺҿ㻹ܲЦó
ӥʳϮ϶ԿȻȭȭڶȭͷ֣һȭץµָոոоʹһɲǣȭͷؿڡ
棬ͫ͵طŴ˼ضųϣƺҪϵݣμס
ϸǿûпһۣȭؿʱ֡ȭѾ飬̺Ź򣬻ʵĽӰš
ȭѪ⣬ȭѳȭٳǳնռ䣡
Ŀ꣬ţ
ȭҳһǳɣˮȳϽһ𣬽ȭͷϵѪȫɢ֮󣬲ۡ죬ȴ澳ǿߵʬ壬ҿն䡣
ȭͷôơҵɭޡ󽣣
ΪĽ̫ˡ
ϲ˿飬˵ʵĳɶӲˣҶҲΪ⣬۷ʱڣֶҴʮֵľһ治ܰڡǲУ
˵̧ͷʣµߣƽ˵У𣿡
ڳȭʱЩ߾˸ɲһͣʮ֮⣬Ҳг̫ͣɲסģǸ̤ʮ׷Χڵߡ
ӽ⵽ϵĿ⣬߻һ飬Ŀ澳ǿɨɶ£ԥһն£ֱֻӱն˸飡
һĻû˾ÿţﰵ̫̾ݣȡᣬȷʵһϢʱ䣬ģɲţСˣ澳ǿŶӲһοǣ
˵Ŀ⣬ڳϵϣʱ˿̣Ǿ𾪵ģѾǳֻеΪһ˫ȭͷܺɱ澳ǿߵȭͷ
Ϊ϶ҪعѵٻأԱȴŴ죬ȵߣ


1692 ȡȨ
ߣ
ٻغȳֵͬʱΪƵԺҲţԼˣ˵ĸо֮ǰһֱΪϱضһ֮Уȴϣ˼ɱ档
ָоúΪƷŭѣ֮ŭȼյģʹϧֵ̫ˣǸһʱ䣬ǻָ۷ΪǾͽͼҵ󽫣ϧһȭɱˡ
ߣǿѪֲֵ֮ܵ޼ɱô๥ڣΰ죿ɱУҴ
ΪʱĿ⽫ʣµɨһۣԶŵ˵ԼնŵķϣҿһһξѪ
һξѪ
г¶ϵһݣⲻس鶯Ѫʾ֮ˣ˵ˣԼʹþѪʱҲ򲻵֮ʱʹá
ҴͲϲǿˣ
¶ԥ֮ʱô˵ɫһ䣬¶Ȼ˳ϵ˼ǿѪǾҪȡˣʱ¶е뷨ȫ˸Ӱ٣ԥأ¶ȡһξѪ˳ϡ
ϽӹѪá
һγҪѪҪĿĿɲΪ˿Ƴ¶ϣ罫ǰףЩΪƵɲǺΪƽշˣǱΪƿס
ֿƣͨҩһ࣬һе˼ˣϱͨһԣ˭ĿǿһЩ
¶ҲھѪ̺һʽɱУͷ֣ȻˣɱҪ潫ɱ˻˵Ҫûɱˣϵֱ֣¶ϲڵʵɱУܽɱԣǹԹΪ
ϸոտʼ¶ϾʹشĪ嵱սҵƴɱٻؿ¶ϵģԼµһЩʱ˵ΪһطԿˣ
ٻ֪Ļֻ࣬˵ôһЩԳںΪ¶СĿٻҲǰΪƸģ滹Ǽ٣Ȼ粻˵˳ϵжϡ
ΪЦ󷨲ǾˣǣҪطµĽƣ㻹Զ켴ΪдʣŹĶȻڼӴطһַʽɱȻ޼ɱûͣ¡
֪ʩչطҪά֣㹻ˡ
ϵ˵ԡģظоطĿƣƸ˵ĸоһ¶ʶȵȸס
ӡһѽ
Ҫն
һξѪ챻Ϊƴ󾪣ûȻƾһξѪطʱѪٶȣ
ΪƴһҾ˵طôܱƣ
ͬʱ޼ɱ֮Уٻڽ󷨣ҳ޼ɱģҵ߹⾵սأɴսӿȥȴԽԽսȥĹɱԽѣսĴԽԽ࣬ѾﵽΡ
˸ָĽϵȻأûͣ£Ҳڿ񹥣עųϣأŵȳΣ֮ʱȣڿϻ漣
תۼ䣬ʮϢʱš
ƽʮϢʱ㲻ʲôڴʱںΪƿȴǼΪΪƸоһ˿Ծ޼ɱеĳϣЩءӳԺͻضǶʮɱȥûҪѾá
˸ǳ˫һɣһδЩҪ棬һҲҶɵڳ֮ǰɱһԭ򣬻иԭǳϵ۾ļµĸоһϵļ¡
ڴˣϵûע⵽ѾһĶˣôࡰءУҲɣΪƿЩ沢ûɱȥòҪˣɱӺƣȻûȴ˫ֱͷҽвѣȻȴȻûųϳȥ澳ǿߵʬ壬Ѫأ
ΪƼԼĿûдﵽҪŭһݣȴ͵侲ųϺСӣʱ䣿
㻹
˵仰¶ϵǵξѪǰնûҷ𣬽ӡڳ¶Ժ¶϶ųϵ۾ľη
ΪȴһƺߣѪӿȴӲ˻ȥţСӵʲôô˶ֶΣȻط
ţΪƼӴ޼ɱĹȻò澳ǿߣȻһԾɱһֱһǡȭۿҪʬһ飬Ǻƺȴתϡ
Сӣ㳢ԼԼζ


1693 ׹ۣ󱬣
ںΪƴǾ仰һǡȭڳ֮ʱһƽ۾ֱЩӿȥġءУء漰ķΧѾ㣬ȴڶҡţҲǴЩҡУ϶ԡ޼ɱЩ⡣
ʱȭɱ
һǺɱֱûѪ֮Уϵ֮Уѭʬ壬ȴٴγȭ
ǡȭѭʮڽġȭ
˿̣ΪƻЦȭԽ󣬷ɱԽ󣡡䣬ΪƿǹȥʹϹʬ壬һ𵴣ʬĩ̶ޡ
⣬úΪƳԾΪҲԾǣЩءУҲΪֱų
úΪƳԾǣһȭɱУûǰȫȥֻǼټһ֣ΪƽɱһУȴӿһֳصĸоƺдɽѹ㡣
һȭж
Ϊŵʱ򣬳Ҳںȵսҿը
֣ϴ󡣡
ս񲻹˷ɣһһ͵ȥһϻûзԸʵأ
㹥һϣȫ˴
˵ţа֮һУͻȻ𣺡Ľն
ɱն
ɱ
һ䣡

ٻҲɱУе˶ϻǸдһ󲿷ֶ޼ɱ˻ĽնҶû˶ͣ¹ڶӶâ¶ľ䣬ȴû֣ǱĿ˼һϢ󣬺ȵŭն
ʱ䣬ϵġءֶٸŵڶǡȭ֮𵴣ϻǶʮȵҪȥһ𹥻
Ǹң
ΪƵЩңûϵϼȻҳˡ޼ɱ󡱵һ㣬Ȼܿƴ󲿷ֵ޼ɱ󣬿ǣѣʱЩҪǷˮ˵ǲ
ĽҪǵͷʹֶѣǲȡǵ
óϵĻ¶ϵȹ˳ȥ¶ףѾǳϵˣϵӡһˣ˼¶Ϲûԥɱȥʹ֣ȴƴ³ǿԭҪӵԼ
޼ɱɱȥɱУâҲôãǿءѸӿȥ͵أ˫ǳâһʱԺǹ˸ģֻС
£һָλȵ
ŭŭŭն
˲ЩĽնȥϡȭһȭһȭȭȭХع֮У޼ɱеĹâɫ֮۾ҪʱȴʧӰ١
Ϊɫѿô֪߹⾵
һԱũЦ϶㲻㣬˼㾡Ҳֻǰæһһ
죡
ΪӲģҲҵǰ棡
ũѹʹ࣬Ц
Цݺݵش̼˺ΪƣΪƵĺͼҵһû߳ҪɱúΪЩ߳ŭųϣָȴǴѪУҪץũĵ磬ЦҪޣҪҽУҪʹӺ

ũƴЦţЦУţûһʹĺΪƣ۾ɱһƣ飬ЦȻֹ
ɱ˴ˣһˡ
磡
˺ѷεĽ޼ɱг𣬡ΪƣҵģһҪɱ㣬磡
˵ʵڻ㻹Զˡ
ΪƴЦʱһǡȭֺȥ󣬴ꡱһ죬켴һŹԴĳ˸оǣŹԴǳɫȴֻΨһİɫ
׹⣿
ٻˣ֪ǡꡱ߹⾵ѵȴ֪ɫôģŰɫâһ˫۱˲һû
еǳ֮ȦȦʱָֻƽɫԴ
ڴˣҲʣȴûжȥ߹⾵ѣâʱǳܡԪҺ罭Ӿ̰һкˮŰ
ʱ򣬺ΪҲҪƾ޼ɱɱһˣǸ⣬ѾǲܵˣǣΪƵ۾ȴӿ֮ɫ
ȻҾ͸ƣǵﵽ޼ɱļʱҾ͡
Ϊȥ޼ɱҲٽй˽Ǹоһɣ켴ͣϵӿֻüëϸоһЩԾȴûֹͣ
Ȼ뵽ʲôʲôսעⱣǣУٶȾ켱ѭһ߷ٻأҲһ˸ȥ
Сֱˡ
ΪƴЦݣ޼ɱ󣬱


1694 ֮⣬򻨴
Ϊ޼ɱݵһУȻ޼ɱ󣬷ܶѪ䲼ϣѰ꣬ʲôĻΪƽںܳһʱ䣬޼ɱ
ǣһ̣Ϊܵô࣡
ΪƺȳֺӰ羪裬뿪˵أûһֱУǸо԰ȫĵطͣס˽Ųǰ棬ﴫ᲻úײסǣ⻰ǺеԸټ޼ɱܣһըǳһ˰ɣˣҪܰɣ
˵ΪһЦ֮ǧֶΣֻҵĶ𣿡Ϊ뵽֮ǰϵЦݣݵЦ󣬲Ц
ʵΪ˵üΪȷ޼ɱϳӿĿֲо˵ĹޱȣӼеһ𱬷ǡֲݡ
Ϣ˲Ũ¡
϶󱬵мңڲ޼ɱûһ㶯תµΪƴʲô⣻ϵѣزɱ󣬾Ҳ֮ǰβãɱը˲Ͱθ˸ϡãսսˣսĹӰҲɲεˣ˽ѪȴɽܣȴһϢûֵܵ
ڣȡһС죬СһɳӭǣںϵǸ족֣Ҳ˶ɼԴԴϵܺڡ족ϣġ족죬С족һСܹܵ
ڴʱӳ˵̻̻꣬˲䷢תڵ̻Ҫֲס֮ʱϴرܣ˻ܵ𶯣Ҳ˺ۣǣûˣλڿУѾ͡ڶ൲ͬʱ羨̣Щȫ̽
һ൱ڳһ֮ŨϢܣһݣٵһʮſǳѨϣȫתͬʱҲΪṩ
ϢΧȷʵܣʹ࣬Գ˵ʹֻǼҳ㷹ѣǰ㣬ϱת̻ġͬתǲ̫Զˡ
ڳϵУǲŹκһԱǿĻᣬڣڸŻ֮⣻ȻǱȲϡ֮١ġ
ǣ֮١ĻϢ߸ϣѿУʱ˿̵Ļ֮⣬ϳϣܽ͸ǳϵĻ֮϶Ϊ⡰֮١Ļ֮⡣
ͬʱһߣѾ̤Ĺԭĵϣ̤бһ󶯣ʱִػҡ֮Уһ˫ˮżƽԭǸ
˼ǿǱȥ
䣬ξʧˣ˼˵Ц֣ޣ״һ̾ҿҵٶȶҪ죿Ҫ֪ٶȿ򻨴ģ
򻨴У
˼һ߼ٿ񱼣һЦȻָ֣ɫһ죬ʮֵ󣬲˼˵ұȽԣ⡭ԡ͡һ࣬һ˵԰͵Ķᱻ˱һ٣ֺʹû취Ϊ˲˴ֻƴ·ˣţٶȾˡ
֣޵ĿڲŲƫƫ˵԰͡ʱ򣬺ޱȣ롰򻨴Сһϵ㲻뵽֣˵ôһ͡
˵Щʱ֣޽µٶȿû·ֺǳɵӣĻ䣬˼ĹŹ񣬸Ͻ˵˼ģʱûǮĻҾͻḺ𵽵׵ģ
˼Цݲ䣬Ȥ˵𵽵ô𷨣
ôĽԸΣ
ð
İ
֣һҪҸҪιȥģ˼һЦ˵ʵֻҪΪҸһ¾͹ˣҪã£п㶪Сġ
ĵҲֵð
֣޺ں˼˵ĻһץסָＲ׷ȥ˼ûȥѳֻڴſޱȣ֣ޣ֪ʲô
϶֮У¡ԽԽҪޣɫףȴһĺ壬ôһ£ٸڻ֮ϣ϶һܵʹֵ࣬ˡ
ڣк¡𣬺ΪƴԶ˻˻δѾ˳СӣڸоǲǻʹҪǲǡ
˵⣬ΪƵӰǰΪƿ˳̤յӰкһɱڵӣ󾪣ô¶ѵղôֲıըûӰ죿
Ϊƣ
ٻسɱûֹͻأüͷһ壬о滹춯ϿΪƣΪ۾Ҳɻ֮ɫ޹أϽԵ̻˵Сܣ֮ʲô


1695 ż
̻עƺ֮󣬵̻һʩչϵԺֳ֮µĻ棬ؿǴһƵʶš
Ƶʷǳ죬۾˸źüٿǳĳϣҲ׼ȷֻּǸоڶԽ£Խ졣
Ǹղŵıը𣿡
ȴڵһʱͷˣǱըĻǾӦ𶯵Ƶʿ죬ԽƵʾԽֱͣûһ㶯
ڣʵȫ෴ϸҿ϶ԺĻ棬ǾǧˣǶƵʼֱ޷ݣֻһ˲䣬泬һס
ʱʧһƬֹ
ɫȴûһɣԺе͵һ棬оƵʧˣƵ̫ˣ쵽˼£޷ٳֳֻ̬Ծֹʽıֳ
еһɶ뾲
һ䣬ԺлֽǧףͻأԺﴫһʹУ̣ѸңڳѪ
ƵʵĹǿֻǿûԽӴܵ˴˺ţȻһɾҵĲУСܣ
䣬ҿ뿪ٶȣ
ȺŵͬʱϽٶȾѭתץס̻ⵯ
벻Ѵ֮ǸµĺΪƣҲǸоת෴ķȥǼòײŴӸղűըǣǾѪ£ƴʩչطӡ
˿̣еˣǵлѣԺȫֻһʣ֮ʲô
䣡
֮£ɽҪһ˾ʮܵĸоеٶȶȻ
ϵٶҲԶԣǵٶȣȻҪϲ٣ֻǣѭŵٶȾ˾޴ѹһϢѹҪǰһϢѹʮ
˲棬Ԫڤ٣䡢ˣа˳ٻظסһ񱼣ˣֻˣ˾ˣ๼˵ʱ֮Ѿûжȥˡ
ٶȾת
Ҫصȥһն˿ãǸƺһѣ֮УĤѪˣǼ棬ֱڵأûʶ
𡪡
һƬĹŶ֮УҷӱеĳһˣֱӱգԪڤ˲仯Ϊĩ˱ɢ
ⲨУϻܱѣڿУ뿴浽׳ʲô۾ȴͻشʹУ̵ۣ˵ۣȴʲôҲûпΨһ֪ģǹ⣬ɫ֮ǿҵĹ⡣
ϸϽ롱ǳͼҵǳȫг֣ȴʲôǴٻõǳ뵽ģƴֳǲС
ǳһ󣬿ǰȴԵô⵽ʲô⣬ʲôģţһ飬Īǡż
뵽ܣﲻɼϣҵµıأܹҵ㹻ССڻָ
Сڡ
ظһ䣬⣬㲻УСϵʮɫ⣬ʮɫӦòƽɡţϵԺȻȻ͸ʮɫâ
Ȼ󣬳ϾͿǰĹ⣬âԲιֿǰɫϸȥȴǣɫ֮л˵Ĺâɫ
ó𾪵ǣЩâǺŵģУ
ùâ󣿡
ǳ˵Կɲ󣬿â
˽ȥԺѸţҪŪâ󷨣۾Ͷȥĳϣȴûע⵽Щâ˫
żƽԭйâ֮ʱӰ𶯣о˹ǿһݣø죻֣ޣҲ˫ĿǹֻǣȴɫԵģ·ĲǹǾŮһȻ֣޵ֻץס˼
˼ţڴҵõ⴫УʦԸӦþɰɣ
Ѿʩչطڻָе䣬Ҳ⶯ѹԥأ䱼Źâȥԭһֱ߮żƽԭΧǸˣҲ緢ȥﻹżƽԭȻżϷǰˣ֪ʲôʱ
ģɲֻżƽԭϵˣ½Լ΢еʵģϹбǻ棬п񵶻ǻ˫
⻹û꣬ĹؾֳĶҪ
޾Уٴηˣ


1696 һ
˲ǿߵĿ⣬һνĿͶ½ǰżֵϢɴҲûзϡ
Ȼ˿̣ǣǵ񾭣
Ǻ׼һŵˣԽԽˣȻ֮ǰȥ½ˣһʮһ㣬Ųסǡ
½ӣҲǾһϷǰˣҪżϷôϷҵϷɻûпĻأ
ͬڸ·ķҲҪӿŲȴһ˵⣬һֽĶ󣬷ɫ䣬ŭ֮Ȼ£Ǽץסһʣ֪Ϣ֮󣬷Ϣĺ壬汰ɣ
У˿ǹһ½Զķȥ
ˮˣҲӿٶȣ
ͬʱĳɽأ佨ɵһߣǰһޱȵˣձɽĲ࣬һâɣһۣɴ˿̣ȴޱȵع
˵ȥ½һˡ
½ϣΪڴУ

ϣӲ⣬ȻڴжԱ˵Ǹ˲õĶҲ㲻ʲôΪרһˣֵ𣿡
µӵһܵõڴУҲǲҪǣϷ㵽żһǺҪҪõΪǶ԰ǶȹĽѣ
۾һӾޱȣϣǸʲô
֪
֪
۾ɻ֮ɫϣôң
ȥɣˡ
ϻǵ۾ˣ˼״зǳʸףȴ˵ϣӸˡ켴˹˳ȥ
߳˶䣬֮ɫΪ֪Ǹʲô뵽ϵ״ղŲϲ˵û
Ժ󣬳ɢϾ֣еĹ˵ȻǶżż˭Ҳòһ˿һ
ϣϣ峤ϣʮӣǰ½żȫסȫһ㶼٣
ڸסеλϣ΢΢Ծ峤ʵţʦڣΪżҲ̫󶯸ɸˣ
ûнֻͣ˵вİߣɱģ
һɱ֣λ궼ֹܱž޲ϣޱȣλŲɱ֮ˣٶɱڣǲİ£Ҫɱ˵żǶôҪ
УԲɣ˽Կɽһꣻõڴߣıһɽꣻˣ¥ڰ˲㣡

λһδ󾪣ǰɱֱ
УҪģҪ֪ǳ֣ȻĳЩ˶ɣ鷳һԽżΪǰᣡλϣף
ס
ֻǰϢ䣬λټ¾Ӣӡ
½󺣵ĺ׼ű̲죬Ϊ棬˿̣һˮ֮ϣҲڽ̸ţһһ˹뿪

ҲһЩ࣬ûνżеǲмһˣеʵ̫ͣʸеȴеʵȥȥУ˺ü֮뵽ǸУһۣһŤͷתȥﻹ½ǲģǲ϶ȥһȥֻ֪Ὣ˾ȥ
½ϣϿɻ֪˶ǿߣҲ֪еȻƴŹ󷨣֪ƣ룬ӿѪеĽʹ
һ̣Ͼ֪ԼĲ²ģżƽԭ£ĲżʱҴҹѹѹһ˲䣬ָϽ˫۱ϣߡˣսȴڲͣرۣмҵƴս
ΪҲ˹Ҳǽ۾յý˵ʲô⣿߹⹥̫ˣҪܿЩâΪǸ⣬𣿡
󣬺Ϊֱʹ֣żƽԭżƽԭû뵽Ϸ棬϶ż֪ǧɼɣܽڳ
ʹϧ֮󣬺Ϊƺݺô˵ҲлģżˡΪƽԼθɲ뵱ͷҪժӵǸˡ
ԽԽˣ֪ôģȻڡӡĸоٶҲɷһ֣ޱ˼˼ʵ㣬ôˣ
С㣬ֻأҪҪ
֣Цŵ٩˵û˵꣬Ӱͷ˳ȥڴ£֣޻ûɿ˼֣˼˻Уһն˵˼Ҳᶪģ
붪أ
ɣ
˵أ
ҵŮ񰡡


1697 ѣʧ
Ȼۡ
ϵ۾˹һĹâ󷨣óûԹһ㶫û̹һƵģԡŹе󷨣仯ΪԼĶ
۹󷨣һɲ䣬ʱڱ䣬ǳþеľݳģԡģҲǾţһëѡ
ϥڹ֮ǰ۾︡ѽҪԽ۹۹սڱۣһһ֮УӰ´£γһ··ֱͨҲԼһ㣬Ȼʲôǣȴڶܣһһӡ̤ţҪǿҪҪ׵ķǰ׷ǰѹͷҪΪʲô
Ϲȥ䣬ͣ˽ŲҲЩԾţȴǼΪģһˣȴ˵ţڣҷҫ۹â
ٶԽԽֱǽƽһ·
ʱת۶
ݵûѪҺڵĳϣͻؾһΪǰĹˣ̺޾󷨣ֻʣͨĹһҲ
ô¶
ɻţЩźҪǸ㹻ʱ䣬о͸ͺˣҾֹܽܣؽ֮Уν֮ʱǹâҫ֮ʱǹʼ֮ʱڣֻܽЩ󷨣ǻӰĽ֮ϣԱպȫ󷨣ٲڻϡ
âҪ۲ɱǹӺ޹⻪֣ܲɱУɱһʤ貵£᲻ǹ޻ͬƵʶ¾ͳ־ֹ
ЩȥһⲨ˼δͣϢһ˼ӿâк󷨣֮ǰԼƵʷĶ⣬ӦҲ󷨰ɣ
Ͻ֮ǰԺеĻ棬ʮӣȴûзֵκһټֻգ̧ͷϿȥΪʲôֹڿʼЩˣȷʵżʱôûйأʲô
Ǽûд𰸵⣬Ҫվȴǻε˺ڰ׹飬ŵ̻꣬Сܣڰ׹л𣿡
磬ҸоӦУֻǺڰ׹Ļ꣬ûбѡ̳˼˵ûбѣʲô˼Ҫܻ
̻ʧ˺һż𣬡ҲȫⱾ򿪣ÿһҳܻڰ׹Ļ˰ɡ
а취𣿡
ʵ
õ̻˵ʱ֮ǰ⣬Ͻȡһűáűڳ˳ҲһڵĹűܻܲϣűѾٲˡ
Ͻ͸̻꣬ʵ𣿡

ԺһУǼžһƬ׼ֱţСܣ
飬̻ٴǾϲ̫ζˣ鵤Ϊһ̫óˣ磬Ǵ
Ƿ
ϸ̻һ飬̻ҲĿɿڴˣȻǷֲ˷ĸоԭһжģǼűľ̫ˣ磬ҪǶԵЩʵ϶ͻͽ
ֻϧԵķ̫ࡣ
磬ûϵǷǷ֮һ࣬Ҫעһ㣬ⱻˡ֮࣬һҪǽ̵öˣ˵Уӵйأ
ģ
ҲǾϲޱȡ
һԣȻҲлܾ꣬Ϊлꡣ
죿죿
ģǵģռĪơ
϶ʱԼľҲǺɣܳΪУСȻҲС󣬳޹˼ɣһУڳת̻ꡣ
Щ˵ʵڳԺҲǷӶѣʱǶ˳ߣߣϣô죿
Цñɽǰɽܹأû뵽żƽԭģǺ䱬ʲô˵ŵʱٻɫЩ죬ģǳޣԺΪƵĺޡ
ϣν
һ뵽ɰ緢ɫĻ棬˵߽֣֪ô
ȷʵǳ˹ʲôûУֻܴӹ֣
˵ţһ켴һ̤ǰһ˲䣬ҶܿͬĴڣǣ̤һ˲䣬˶ʧˣܿģֻԼ

ŵĺΪƿһĻзʣô¶Ǳˣǵż


1698 ˣ鷿
ˣʲô£
һֱס䣬һʱо£Ӱûʱ䣬Ӱͳڹ֮ǰ
˿̣ΪƻΪǼȴǳȥԥҲûзֱ֣֣ΪƲͻȻԤףæתӦһתȴǿɭȻָ֮ǰȴ˵һӡ
Ϊûȥôˣʵ֮ǰҪֻǱܷӦأҪǹ棬ܹʲô
ȻѾ̫̫ˣָѾץסĲӣʱСꡱĸоôͣôǿңΪֻҪ΢õڵʵͷãΨһĽǣ׷룡
ԣǳĺΪƣƴȫе֪ʲôҶ㣬ʲô֪޲ԣ޲
۾һݣָ֮ûзɰ֣ʵһֱ
ǵġ
ͷβ㶼ǰ棿
ǵģˡ
˭
Щ˺֣ΪôߣɱȴǺ
ΪƸϽŽǵòһ飬˵üΪϸһòԺеӡͷ˲۾ɱӿȺΪ˵֮Ǹǲر
ô֪
Ϊѿʳ˲ָо˵ɱΪʻܲˬϽͷ˵ǵģȫˣɱ˲ˣ
ȥˣ
ȻͲˡ
ˣ
Źһ£ָҪΪæڵأ˵ˣҪɱңҿ԰ܶ£ʲôУ
ʲô
ںΪƵϣҵԴӵѪħ½ʧ˺ܾõĸоϲĳè̬Ϊȴǿ־ޱȣϽ˵ǹ죬Σҿ˵ǰ䣬Ϊһ̽
㲻Ц˵һ˵˺ΪƵС˼ΪһƬ䣬оԼҪȼʱ˵ˣҵǿԷһ
ˣ
ΪȻ𾪲ѣȴѾغ˳ЦճСӣһҲһǰһˣҶˣͲк³
кţȵɡͰжԳϵķߺޣȫй˺ΪƵϣһߵúΪѪɽ˹һӰʱʧ
˲Ϣʱ䣬߽˹ӰһʧǸ£ð˳һ˿ͷգ˵СˣӵϷ
£һԾ˽ȥ
ûʱ䣬Ҳϵ˹ǰ棬۾ʱЩɫлЩģţȥʲô£Ϊʲô֮һ˿ϵûˣ
֣ܲ鿴һ󣬻ǽĿ˹ǰ棬˵Ǹؼ˼۾Ӻһת˵Ҫ߽ȥ̽̽·ûΣա
֣޳Ĭš
ǲԸ⣿ˣ
˼ʸոʳ֣޾ޱȵ˵˼ôأΪ㣬ʲôԸ⣬ǳҵģװҶһüͷ£Ҿͻһţ̤ϣƽصִ԰һ޼ʵĴ󺣣ҾͻһҴ㳩Σ
ˣһôϻչ˺˼Ҫǳ˵㻯ҾţҾ˴˵꣬ʧǰ
֣޿ţһ̾Ϣ˼ʵ̾ʲô
ұ˵ҴǾûġ֣˵˼쭵Ļᣬץס˼֣Ծ˵˼ץңǰʲôΣգ£ҡ˵ǽץסֻ֣һɹֿˣ˵Ӱͬʱʧ
˶Ѱŵĳϣ˿̣һ鷿鷿һȾྻޱȣһбīֽ⣬ֽ̿ϣһ֡󣡡
󣿡
ϸոԺﻹʲô˼ֽϵġ֣ʧӰ٣Ǵûгֹһʲô˼
ţ̧ȥտʼ߶ûйϵߵǰȴ򲻿ţüȻ֪ż϶Ƶģɳֻţԣ˺ƺ֮һǡȭ
Գڵʵȭ൱ˣȻȴһһ㷴ӦûУֻȭͷ֮ʱһȦ֣켴ָֻԭģ
Ͼȣѭ
ȭ


1699 Դ飿
ȭ͸ȭɵõĽȴһģһ˿˶û͸˵ŶˣϲûиоǶôؼӲǴڿϣӿ˲ʧ
һ˼֮󣬳תĿѾǿհһƬֽϣ·ɳƻ鷿һûġ֣дǸ𣿡
żֻ²дô򵥰ɡţȥ뵽˾ǣ˵Ǳ͵鷿ֵ֪ʲôĻһ鷿Ǳĵط
ʱ˿̣һƬũԺһûˮ֣һ룬ٵջһϵй̣ϸտʼһҲǸоĪҪȥɹԾڿУҪ̤ȥӰڳƬũķΧʱ˲ΪˤũŴ֮󣬾ڷʼĥҲţҪǴʦ϶ǳףϧңĪҪԽֵ
߿Ķûһûǰڵ֣ǲо֣߸ӣȴ߿һۣͳУ԰Ρ
ǴһŲʳģЩʳĵĵһ˲䣬;ԵľģԲʲôͨʳģʵȷʵˣ۷ŹضʳģͨĽݣôҲкü꣬ü겻һӲҲɳݣ꣬Ѿİ𣿻ǾŰģ˰񻨣۳׶ˡ
ôõĶȻܷŹǣòȥߵſֱӾͱ˻˺üΣ˸ַ֮󣬵Ҫźղҽʱ򣬺񿴵һࣿʲôȴʧˡ
ܷգѾʶ벻򵥣д棬ǣűʳ࣬µӡǺѡ
ķգսıˣĻʮֵţζŮӵĹ뷿˶٣սڵĹ뷿ȴûŮӣûУֻһڷŵȫŮŮʱ廨밡˿߰
սһۿģȴһ仨ս񷢷غսһٺҺ䣬Ȼ˰֮󣬹뷿һʧûУսûзȴںүү廨үүԸ
ˣս֪ƣغţϣܹ⡰롱
ǰһܹݣٻǰһɽ壬ҪɽĺΪƣһƬԺֵĻǿԹѭŵƲѣ³ƥҪȥˢٺǰһߵת˲ʯͷ֣ԸԳһˣȴҪ˻˼Ҳ̫磬
鷿У˼Ǹ֣д֣ʵ̫ѣϾͳϻ֮࣬һ֮ͨɸ䵽ȫû׼ֻһƳҲûܽϣȫס
īֳɵģҺ״Ҫĥǣ׼ĥʱԾַˣǸĥīĶץ
īгдʲô֣󡭡
ϸϸīֽ⣬ӣ鷿һУһ󣬲Ȼô򵥵ģڣ鷿Ƴɣ󻯣īֽ⣬еһУȫģϵǣһദǺôֱʡ
ȻϿ岼󸮣һ鷿ǰ󸮾ʵ̫СˣҪ߳鷿ؼľдǸ֣Ƶ󣻵һīⶫʲô󣿡
Ͻǰѧģʶ󷨣Լĥ󷨣һ飬ûҵϵģóٻеõǳоһ֮ԣûоϲ֣˾棬üͷôҪһȱڲУյľһڹǣֶ޴£Ƶˡ
ڣðĹֳôĶǹ˽鷿деߣҵĲĻֻһ鷿϶󡭡
뵽۾͵һղŻ˹󷨣£гֳüǳԺСϵʮɫâ
һȥϹȻһΣˮϹιһ磬ȦȦһóϾϲǣһϤ󷨵Ӱӣǹ仯֮ǰһɲǵ
ԭӹһ̾Ѿʼǲζţֻȫ˹󷨣Ƶе󣿡
Щɣо뻹ֻû뵽ѣһ˼һ󷨣˳ȥҪ˳ϡ
ֻǣٲ˳Ҳ


1700 
һ˿ΪŻѪʱҲֻǽгīīʯƶ˷ֺȫīʯ˺ԶԶ
⣬ӵģӵǳ·ˣڹеõ󷨣ñǴеһˮˮģһ壬ȴٸģ϶ᣬǺ޹ϵ
о˼֮ɫȥĻҲʮ꣬Ҳ߲鷿գæҲһչؾ޵ĺõطΪˣǣҴӦ˵ҪμȣҪȥȻӳԣҪ취߳鷿
֮Уȴ֪Χײʲô󷨣󷨷ֲСϲٴ֣˼ܴܲ似еͻơ
ָһţƺӿȵֱīʯܣīʯûһֱӽϵʧΣǶһ£ԶԶȫڷڿա
Գ˵ѾһܴοˣΪϴⶶУһЩ󷨷ֲͬһŻ¶˱ɽһǣϸϽЩȫ档




鷿ϣȫģʹһһǵġ似īʯˣ֮󣬳ʹھǧȭʱڽīʯ󷨣ȫӡԺС
ϳһûôһīʯȻܹ³ǧ򡢺緱ǰ󷨣˵īʯ󷨸ѹ۳ɵġ
֪ηֲģʣµģȻǺѶȣһ˵ֱֱӵöˣϾܹҵõ
īʯе󷨳Ժеһ˲䣬ϱܷӦأ뵽ȴǾҪǽЩһһƽ⣬ǲ֪Ҫʱ䣬ңЩ󷨲ǵڵģǻϵģ罫䵱һԣǧݳһ·ܹ·ʵڲеĻٻعͷһһ󷨵Ľ⡣
£óɳ̣󷨿ǾݾԳ˵νϤˣһ󷨣һѰ·󡭡
ûʱ䣬Ͼ¶˾ϲ֮ɫȴǺ׾Ϳٳһ·Ȼ·ûȫͨǣѾ˳ڡ
ʱ֮󣬳Ͼȣˣ
վϲ֮ɫݳ·ƽ󷨣ƽ˵·ǳˣܲܳɣͿˡŻѾīʯ˿Уīʯ˸һ⡣
ǾˣȴûظĸоǾøˡ
أأ
һ棬ʵ
ԳܽǳʯоأǾһأһˣ˵ûо͸ֱѹ⽴ˣ󷨵ĵѹأ߰ǧɣ
һ棬ϵء
Ͻīʯ۳ɵīʯܹĥóī
ʣϽīʯ̨ʼĥܲҵأϵĵǳˣīʯûгį̄տҲ
īʯ̨ҲĮ̄ҲҪƽ⣿
Ϲʼʩ̨ʹˡ似̨īʯƽ⣬ϻµʱ䣬Ž̨󷨷ֲףݾԳ·
ϸоǣݳ̨Ȼо·ϴûмǰվĻ·ͨģǿеģ
ɻţһ·ƽ⣬Ȼīʯĥȥûīˮ
·ԣ
ϻһ·ĥǲУֱϻ˵·̨ƽīʯĥȥʱһڵģȴǺڵþӨ͸į֭̄
īˮˡ
ʼϿī֭һī֭ӣ˸âȥĥģʲôīˮ󷨣һһ󷨣īʯ֮кˮһ𣬺϶Ϊһγµ󷨡
··𻨿ֻ䣬·׺ɣ
ĸоӿȫǰĻˣڵֻǴţɵ󷨣µ󷨣ȥ󷨣󷨣Щлûл꣬ôԶɣԶ仯ûл꣬ʲôٳɵһУ
أӿһǿҵĳ嶯ҪЩƽ⣬Ϊ뵽Ҫֱ仯󷨣ʵս֮УһйȥʽԼ˱仯ڶֶԣɲǴֲ飬пܾ
ǿҵս⣬ŨİҪһУ󷨣ҪЩ󷨣ҵָ裡


1701 ֮
ǰëҲīʯ̨ķ似̽󷨷ֲΪ·󣻲ëʱǰ߻Ҫ鷳öࡣ
ëʵıʸˣ󷨣ëʼϣÿһëкܶ󷨣
Ȼܴ󣬵򲻸ˣһ֮󣬳ڽëϵ󷨣ȫƽ⣬Ȼëʸ
ֻƳëʣ·
·ֻһʺīˮûлȥԣǿֻֽֽм·ëӦī֭·ʲӦֽأīʯ̨ī֭ǰһУ϶ҪֽдóɣңǸ֣Ҳ϶деġ
ƽֽ󷨣ֽϵ󷨻ƽ⣬ֻ˶ʮʱ䣬ݳ·̫࣬·ƽֲͬĽ൱Ųֽͬ
ͺ·һ·߽ȥ߳һξ룬˲·ڣһͲ˾Ÿѡһȥǲ·ͣز·ƺ·ֹһ
ɫԽԽأЩ˵㲻ʲôܾòô򵥣ȻЩ󷨶һ˵ѾǸ⣬пܾһƽⲻˣǳио鲻ô˳
Ȼˡ
īʯгī֭ī֭ʪëʣëд֣ǣ鷿ȴˡ
ΪԤУֽϵûʧҪǣʧʱ䶼ûУۿ¹ȥˣҪĥȥȺпܾ͸ϲˣң֪䡢ôˡ
仹ƬУһĪչԽоɶоȷʵΨһ뵽ľǣ֮նͲţնƬ󣡡
ˣβؼնĽԽԽ󣬶Խ̺ŵǶԽԽܹоĴڣָоֻżУܲס
߻Ǿֲ壬ɫ԰ףѪȥôãֻһӣ߳һҶڶߵڶӣΪо۶ĿӣߵһҪһ㣬ңĸоǲͬʽ𣬱ʬΣ絤ﱬը
ǳæǲֺЩʳİģܹҲ𣬿Ĳˣһֱģô죡
սûôᣬһֱչң廨һֻۣǣܵ˺Խ棬˺Խأսо˺ƺǱԼҳһ
軹ڵѾ˵һʱĹݣ͵ϢŸʱĵزٻϰٴκҲûǰǧ׸߶ȵɽҲǺͳһֻЧ΢ֻ߳ʮס
һҲͦ磬ΪƱ˵һϣȻһ޼ɱ󣬿ǵ֪ʶá
ƣ˿̿ҪˣԹһô߶߲ȥֻòȡƣЩôƵģֻǱɽһǣ⻹ķģķʩչطʱЧǿʵܹʱţطʱЧ߽ʵҪһ궼߲ȥ͵ɷʴףطӿĻ˵ɱˣԱ֮ǰػ˵ĺΪƣܹɽ
ƥƴɱһѹסƥʣƥУﵹڵʯͷƺ·ȻУ˼ҲУ֣ᣬΪƣͬıīֽ⣬ֻһд֣һѾǧ˱ʡ
Ҳڳæʱв߽ʧڹУڴɵϣԼʮŵӣǲһ룬Ƿ룬ϵһУչȴ٣Ϊϵʵǿ峤ϻ󷨸֣ЩӦֵĸоԷˮ·һƽɽɽˮˮ
ȻнָߵģֱС
ͬʱӴСݼһˣ̤˻ĹԭУ˵ϾƬСݼɴΪһֱЩɵգҲǼңھЩ£ӵı֮նӵģ
Щ£ϻ֪һ鷿ܣԺţǲҪ鷿еһУȫƽ⣿󷨹Ķĳһ̶ֳ˵ģǣȴʵģ⣬Ӧʵϵǣƽʱ鷿д֣ܵʲôӰ죿


1702 
鷿ӣǺ󣬿ţǽڣôƣšǽڲգʹáЩҪȫƽ⣬֪Ҫ£ңӴǽڣɲ̨ëô׿·ݣǶҪܶܶʱ䡣
ɨһۣ˵⻹ʲô˵ǵǣЩ·һһ·ͻȫ̴ĻѶȿɲֹһ̨ףڿˣô𣿡
ԣ棬϶һߣֻҪץסǸߣԵһУӭж⣡˼࣬󣬻ǸѾɢġ档
Ǹ棬ʲô
īëպī֭ԺһһţëʣһֽһֵдţȻûãǸ֣ȴк޵ʾ
أþͲǡ֣ɢ˿ȥǧǧ򣬲ͬŲͬãŲͬĹЧܳɾˣҲܻˣڲ𣿡
л꣬ҲǸһ꣬ΪסĴڣ鷿⡮лĻζ棿
꣬ᴴһʲôĻꣿ
һӿ˺Ƶ⣬뵽ҪЩǿĴڣԽԽŨҲ֮ʱǱҪдֵëʣдһ桱֣
˾ȵǣ桱֣ûк͡һֽɢȥ
ֻûע⵽ԽԽԽԽͶˣдһ桱֣桱صһԽԽԣɢĳֹʣ
ȴ֪Ǿ꣬ʱŵõó
һ꣬ͷһ㿴Ǹ貹âġ桱֣ϴΪԾѣֽд֣Ϊܴ棿
ϾȵͬʱؿǸ桱ֽ涯һƴкһȳȥʱȴûж仯
ûдóֵǳˣûйâƶûз紵ֽҲûˮƣ桯ôᶯ
϶ˡ桱֣ȴ֡桱ֵĹâԽԽˣüһ˼ëʣպīдˡ桱֣ûӡ桱ֵĹâǹâȥø졣
ղ⡭
ϼӿ桱ֹâȻþʱ֮󣬳Ϸ֣⣬д֣Ѿûжôһд棬桱ֹâȥͺ桱ԳϵΪһϲṩŨ⣬桱Ͳɳ
֡
ż鷿׵ģ뵽󷨣ٴֽдš֣ͬģʧˣɳȴоֵʧ֮ǰʧЩһ·Ǳ桱ֳˣںһ
Ͽд֣дֺ󣬳Ͽ϶ԼĲ²⣬ȷʵǱ桱ָˣ桯Ϊʲôܳԡ֣
֮󣬳͵뵽һܣΪ𶯣Ͻ̻ʵСܣûиоϢ
ú󣬵̻ڳԺ磬ûио
ûа
ЩʧΪԼŪ֮أȴϣֻԼΪѣôģҪɣµ꣬Ͳôˡ
Գţ̻˵磬Ǹʲô
£Ҳû㽫˵һ飬̻֮Ҳ˼ϸҪȥƽϵʱ̻˵е죬磬Ҫι󷨸Ǹ桯ֳԣҪʲô꣬ԵˣܹһҾҪԷԷ֮ꡣ
ι桯ֳ󷨣Ͼ׽ţЩī֭󷨣桯ǡ֣ǲǾǳе󷨣
ûгʱԥȥֻϢ󣬳ϱ˵ȷʵһԣ֮겻󷨣ֳʲôأǣôأ
磬дֽһԡ
ã
ϵ󷨣ǽղƽīʯ̨ͬһһʧ
⣬ԽԽϷ
ˣϻŸ󷨣ʲô￴󷨣̵󷨣Ըռĥ󷨣ǳ󣬷Ժе󷨣ȫֽϡ
ˣһ¹ȥ
Ƶ֣ʧӰ٣桱̵桱ɢĹâ貣Ѿ˴۵ĵز
ңһҪĸо
óϾϲǣڡ桱ֹâ£ؿˣӵЩ󷨣·һˣڵվǰ


1703 ֣ɱ
½֮ˣξߢ
ЩɵؿЩװ׳ǰ󷨣Щϰߣ֮ǰǷѾǧ֮࣬ܿһ֮ȫò
ڣôá桱ֹâһգ㿴ˣָоͺǰǧ˶õŮͻԼǰҪͶԼĻ
ȻţԺѾڿ󷨣һǧͬʱţ⡮桯ֹâܹ󷨣֮ǰǿǽ˲٣ȥ᲻ֱ󣿡
ڵͬǿС⣬ֻܳģܳģҪ죬ҪֱܹԣܹԼԣܹһĻ
뵽ЩôɴΪ桢ȵе󷨣ȫ֮󣬳û˿飬ʼӵ·
ЩѨϵĳ֣󷨵ƽ⣬óϵõĴ̸ϵǷ켫ȴ¯࣬ɴǺ緱֮Уҵͻƿڡ
켴һ·ȥ񣬽ʱ󷨵·ͱ˳·ƽ󷨣ûȥ·ȴ·ȫƽ˳
󣬳Ͻϵ󷨣ֽϣÿһ㣬֡һ㣬ܿʱ䣬ͽ̺󷨣ȫ̸ɾ
ʱ򣬡桱ֹâķΧӸԲ׷Χĵ棬桱ֹâ֣ʱϵ󷨳ֳ
ȻǰȻʶЩɿγһߣͨשͷĻ棬̲ס֮̾̾У󷨣󷨣ƽ󷨣Թ桱
󷨵ġ桱ֹâϱǿֵķΧԽԽ㣬գ鷿ĵ棬Ͽ·ƽ⣬̶á桱
棬鷿ܵǽڣټ鷿ķȫ˳ʣһȷţԭⲻ칦򣬳Ͼͽǽȫ죬ֱݣ桱ֹâŨޱȣǸֻʼ΢΢䶯ƺ
˵طƽɳȻ߲ȥؼϣŵĹؼǸϡ
תһȦֻصˡϣ
־ƣûüսⰻȻµô֮󣬳϶Ǹֵĸ˲٣һµģۼ
īʯīŷг˲ī֭īʯһҲû٣Ǻԭһģһһ룬ڳԺһ֣ϱ׹
ë𣬡ֳ
տʼдһǧ֣Ϊֶдǧ֮֡󣬳д֣˱ʸꡣʮ֮󣬼дġ֣ʧӰ٣һʧʣǸƫԻ֣Ҳ桱ָ
ǣѾ˵Ǹе󷨣ȫϸգıͬʱ桱䶯ңƺҪֽվ
ֺ󣬶һ󷨣
ǧֺ󣬶һбۣ
ڡֻ֮ʣһûգ
һǰǧ򱶣д֣ѾڣҲûóʲô鷿󷨣֮⣬ĶѾþˣһôд
Ȼǡ桱ֹâ鷿Ÿѩѩ̺󷨣ȴûа֣ϱдţԺһһһ鷿š
һһţһţһ
ѭ
͵أŵһźһͬײһݺݵײһʱţűϻһ𣬡һһǷŲһ𣿲ȥֽ⿪ķţͽŵһ
۾ڷϣǳâʮɫâһ֣ëʣ趯ֵǰ󲿷ֶһͣһʱëһ¡
󣬳Ժֳţë£һ
ֳɣ
һִɵʱ򣬳ϻһ飬΢ĶײԺĳһ޵ĵϵ
ûȥ˼ǿ鷿ţֻϹâǡ桱ֵĹâǷűĹâתŷת鷿ڷű仯
б仯ģ鷿ֽ֡
һ֣һ桱֣ûʧ롰桱ֳײ˴һ㣬桱Ŀǰ΢ռϷ硣
ȻϹâͶӰ棬־ͻȻ˼ʵһ桱ָѹȥϺԥأ㻭󷨣桱
桱죬ʧرǡ桱ֻп꣬ǡֿڳϹϵҲһڳϵ棡


1704 ֮꣬
˳桱۷𣻵ǣҲ򵥣鷿仯ʹֲ£ָߵͣҲֲ
ȣҵЩ󷨣ʵ̫̫ˡ
ϽüһҪҵµ󷨣桯ɣá桯ʵǣˣ̵ָܽǣȥأ
ʱ̻𣬡磬ιԵ󷨡
Ҳôģ֪󷨣ȫιˣٳԣЧ󡣡
̻˵磬һЩ󷨣Խȼü֮
̫ˡ
ϻ£Ժоͷǳֱ۵سֳ˰󷨣ϸϽ仭桱桱ռһϷ磬ȫѹơ֣úԶԶ
̻Ѿûˣﻹ󷨣󷨣
Ͻʾ֭ȴһ񣬾Щܹģ桱ֶˣһһġô족
ʱϵõܶ飬ȴܽȫӳЩƣ뵽飬͵˵һ仰ûеԼĥһ𣿡
ʱ𣬡ûеԴû󷨣ҲͬǿԴ𣿡
һ𣬳Դ󷨣ǣ˵ܴģرʱ̣뵽ģǽ似ȵȣȫ󷨣á桱
ˣϱмѭֻҪ似ĹʽеЩвˣûãҲֻԹ֪ˡ
ܿ죬ҷն似ϲ󷨣á桱ȥϽţâǿôһ㣬á
Ͼͷˣʲôһʲô̤Ųʲôȭʲôն顱նȵȣһһ󷨣ڽ桱֮С
似ɵ󷨣桱ǿֻ֣ڷţʱֻΪ󷨣似ɵ󷨶УӦҲɣ
ϻĵһǡǬתھתûɣǰתȴȫû⣬˰ʱŻˡǬתǰת󷨣תһɣ桱һ˫˸Źâ۾ؿǸ桱֣˲٣׼ȷһ˵˲١
Ǭתôǿ
ղŽ似󷨵ƺ似ԽǿģɵҲԽǿ̫ԣ
ţϿʼǳϻڰ׼Ҵ壬ȫʱһֳ̯Ҫ;жͣʮӺ󣬳ϻˡ󷨣桱Կûʲô仯
Ȼˣ
ϲ⣬ðˣľȵǿڡ桱֣桱һٴ󣬡ȴֻм֮޻֮ĵزˡ
ȵóϽ֪󷨺󣬡֮ûˣֻһˣϼ״ֻһˣһʲôأ
ţԺͱĳǬ֣ЩѣΪħʦµġǬ˵޾ݿƾһ֣ħµģһһۡ
뵽⣬ͻӿһǿҵĸоҪǬƳͷǰƣǬȷʵ֤ǰһ׾ͻ󷨣ǣڵЩҵ֮壬ҵȵȣǬԼǬ
ôһ룬Ȼʣ󷨿þƣͬΪֲܻ󷨣ңһԸڲأҽԴһһԿ
һϤˣֻʱ䣬һͱ󷨣桱ָս⾭£ȻúôһӾͽ΢ޱȵġ֣ȥһ£˲ʧˡ桱ֵʳ
ɱ桱ʤ
ȫȥ˲䣬һֱֽϵġ桱֣վֱڳǰ涶֡桱ڶЦĸо
⡭ʶ
ϴǡ桱Ȼϣڳؿڣâ貣Ҳڡ桱մȾѪһ̣桱̹󷨣ôڳԺ·桱ֵ˼룬ȫһ
ϲ磡
̻ĵ磬Ѿһ֣˴־˴Ѫô֮ѾҲǴ˵Ļֻ꣬Сǿһ㣬罻̸ˣԣý̸Ǵ紴ģʲô綼ǳ
֮֮꣬꣬ڴ꣡
ҲǼѣͻأסΪ뵽һǳҪ£


1705 лŮһʯһ鷿

߶ţ뵽ǼҪ֮£Ƿ֮ɣ֮ɵģǷ֮꣬Ҳܲɣ
оŸؿڵ֮꣬ϻ֮ÿһĻ֮󣬳˵֮⣬־أ־ǣ浽
϶ؽ꣬ҵЩýʱ̻ڳԺ𣬡磬еĻŮģ
˵ʲô
ЩûףʮֵŨ
磬С˵֮꣬ԣǴԣ
ҲŮ
ϵɴ۾ẉ̂Ծ
ǵȻˡ
̻һϹªŵ˵ҾеģԣСܣҪŮģͿԽСãСˡ
С椣
ǵһʶ̻һ̻ԹԵ˵磬Ҫ֮еģҾͶһֵܣҪ֮ŮĻǺǡ
Цôǳأ
УСôģǴ뷨
Сˡ
ǣǻİ飬ǲ׵ġ

ʵЩǲ֪֮ꡱлŮһµ̣˵Һú׼˼룡
磬ԩˣСȷʵûк˼밡УǷ֮֮꣬꣬ܽϣںһĻǾòŴҵĻϿһˣңҪʲôʵ飬Ǿûһ㺦
ôȻҾͲˡ
ǧ𰡣
̻һУʧȥʲôİĶһ磬ҸоԼҪˣѾؼʱ򣬶ң˽ԣҪʱ򣬶ҵĿСܻӪġ
ٴ벻̻굽ѧЩȴ˵һ£úҾͲȻݳͣ
úúã磬ȥ˰Ҫ֪֮лŮ͸һ̻˵ţȥϲһЦȥϵЩ󷨣ɲܷŹˡ
ϵ󷨣˵Ƚϼ򵥣ֻǿ򵥶ѣĳֶǹйȻй֮򡭡
ô룬ҲȷǷΪ֮򣬳Ҳûȥô࣬ǲǹ򣬰վݳ·С
·֣ƣ
ؿ֮Źâһӽ˽ȥ󣬳Щɻ󣬡󷨹ɣ󷨱̣žӦʧŶԣǣⷿ󷨱󣬷Ųûʧô¶
ɻ֮䣬ǷžȻӭ̧־ҪȭҪŸ飬ȭͷһûкȥ
ʱײû˿ʹ֮Уֻо˶һȷţôһС֮
Ƿţ鷿ĵذ尡ǽڰӰīֽȵ鷿һУȫײ󣬶֮棬ϸо֮ǿ˲١
֮겢ûȫѪ֮У桱־ڳؿ֮ϣŴ۹âʲô·Ԫֵȵȣˡ
鷿ʧ֮󣬳ϻ˼ţҵ֮꣬żɵģżӦòٰɣ̻꣬ܲ׳Լ
Ͼпܣǰ桰桱롰ƴɱǼ𣿶ңﺬкܶ󷨣֮󷨱ǿȻҲǿ
һ̣ϼϣ֡
˼º󣬳ϲȥΧĻΧһƬĹԭ࣬ڳǰͻģһè۴Сʯͷϼʯͷ˰죬ɻһʯһ鷿
󣬳ܿ˿˵Щÿһɳ棬󷨰ɣ̧ȥûнʲô棬Ҫҵǣ
ţǰһϡ࣬ʱؿ֮궶ѣظоϡ࣬ѵϡ⣿
̧̤ȥ
ͬʱʮ½һˮ̶£һӰһûʪ֮ɥ˵һʧˣҪƳǸӡҶַˣУǸСӣճĪǳҵĲҪȻôӵôĿƣ
ˣ棡
ûʱ䣬һֵķУѰЩпܴڵƽӡ֮뷻ûжã͵õһϢڻĹԭżϢ
潫Ϣ̽һ۷Ź⣬תӰ⣬ȥ


1706 
뵽ǵӡ͸оһֳ裬ȻʵôСһСӸˣ˼һ֮䣬СڵܰСӸɻһңϧǻʵǱĥ̫ˣҪȻ¶
ȻΪֹûгʲô¶ǣԺأ
رӡô˽֮Ҳоһ㣬Сˣ˵ҲһѣпǸСӶ
ԣǾӡõĴԼԺ
ֻ波ְ취ȻУʱżϢͰϣż֮ϣһ㣬ų棬ȻҪȥʶʶʢһʱڡ
滹¾ģһż֮УɲܽӡĻȥͼڴ½һˣҵСӣСӸȻСӵʵ˵ʲôʱͱ˸ɵˣȻ˺ܲˬҪ۵ǾͲòΪ֮ˡ
Ѿ¶ģܹƳӡһҪճСӸסСū
һ·֮ϣû˿ͣм죬ҲŴˣһǳҪϢ½ϲżһгϵģԶˡ
żƽԭ֮£һ̤ϡϣǰĻ߾ʱʧתֵģһƬԺʱִر棬һ
鷿ľϽһĻ棬ǵʮ
һʱ䣬뵽ǸС򡱣Ȼǰ֮ĹâѾƬҫ֮Ҳ󷨣ǣûлȥ󣬶ϸĥƬڴøǿ
˼ʱЩջſʼͬǽ·󣬶֮һ죬֮Ϻؼǵǻ棬Ƭ󣬺׾ƽ⿪
֮󣬳֮߳һαüΪǿɢĹâѾܽϵȫ֣ƽ󣬶˸⡣
ٸĻ϶ֹǿ֮ٱ
ϡ࣬ǰУ·󷨣֮֮£Աһһƽ⣬ϸоԼУѾ˺ܴջ񣬿˸ָǧٹֵ󷨣̾һͳ½ڣһżôֱʡ
ͬʱʶͬģγɵ鷿ȵȿռ֮󣬳֪䡢սǿ϶ڲͬ󷨿ռֻǲ֪ʲô
ڳƳʮһ󷨿ռʱٻѾɽ֮һֻǣѾ۵ýƣߣ֪ʣ֮ɽȥ
Զ壬Ѫ˼ٳˣǼѪѾʮֻɫ԰׵ˣսڿңεļ֮ͣ˼ƬũƲˣѵǵҪЩȲ𣿼նֻƻ𣿡
ֱһǳҪ⣬Ū͸Ľǣ
˼ҵһЩ·ֻҪǴӵ棬Ǵ󷨷֣֣޻رţҪԺеˣһϢһȫͬ
Թе䣬ѾԸоʵ½£ֻʣƥûѹסиˣڸԵУײͷƤҲ
ǽǾߵ̳ɣ⵹ûʲôֻǣǾߵģϼΪƣҲ˵ʱ׼ʱԺлḡֳϵӰ
ҡҡͷ￴˿ܣѭŶȥ󿴵һŵģû֦ʮڵĿһ˼ֱȥ
һ·󣬶ȳƵøģȴϣһУɾʱǷ˿Ͽʵ峤ϣȫƣϻ鷿о֮ʱ峤Ѿ˺öѾƵʮûʱ䣬峤Ƴʮ߳һ۾ͿǸ˵ʲô󣿡
ǳɣһѹûУ峤Ͽ񽫻֮ǰһΪƵĵʮŸ󷨣峤ҲƳʮ󷨺ֵʯͷȥ
ϵľӢӣ󲿷Ҳͻơ
ѾСݼǷ˿һ֮ӣֻһˣޱȣﻹЩ󷨣ʵ̫ûսˣ֪һ᲻ϵ
ʱ˿̵ĳϣֽһƬԭ֮УƬԭԺﲢûһĻ棬ȴǿӰ


1707 һűɱ
ӰڽƴɱǴɫ׵ӣһúۣЩõӿᣬɫѪСӣˣң֪˭𣿡
˭
峤ĶӣҪҴңͻ׷ɱ
е䣬Ӿס֣ΪбסˣֿѾѵ죬ЦСӣʶ࣬һУõӣ϶ɢߣСӣҸһᣬҪǹЧңұһ٣ҾԶҵūʱһ汦
˵ˣȴͻס죬ΪǸǵӣŨбŭҪ֣ȴӰһҲʲôһŽи˵ϣЦ峤֮𣿲ûжĸо˵󣬿ʲô
Сӣǳٴ㡭
˵Ҿɱ㡣
˵ţĿⶢոеĳϣҲˣæιңֻҪңҾ͸һ汦
Ͼֱ˵֮ˣ˵ĲƽԶ׼ʵ棬ʣǾһƶ˼óģ϶ĳǴ
ڴˣϲûа̤ǰͬģҲóЩƽһâ֣ؿڻи桱֣Ȼ桱۾һ⣻ûнϷŵƽȵĵλϣݺʵˣ˾þȻ֮С
㰡ʲôߣ㲻𣿾ңһ汦㲻Ҫ汦𣿡
ˣϣϾȥСһϱűΪ竣óϺܲˬ
ֱӴӴָͳһűеǰ˵Ҹһűɱɣ⻰Ƕ˵ģ۾ȴˡ
ǺϾͿˣ˿űʱ˵̰֮⣬۾һûУںӣа֮ǰûҪҪȻҲԹű޶õĵز
ͬʱ𾪣һ켦ëı飬Ҳ˳ϵ۾ϵ˵峤֮ӣúܲ
仰еɫһӱ÷ǳѿȷʵ峤֮ӣϧΨһģ֮һǻñȽϲҵ֮һ˴ĹԭżᣬеõһЩ棬ǵõڴУø׶Ŀ࿴
Ȼ̫Сż澳۷ʵ֮Уû֮أûУΣ
ʱЦ֪峤޾رѪĴ˶궼Ҫ֣ˣŮˣڣӦвھ߰ٸӣٸŮɡ

Ȼ²⵽еֵܽÿܺܶ࣬Ҳ˵ݣһ峤ħ޶Ҫɡ
죬ô˵ҲǻʵģҪɱң״˾Ĳ㡣˵ţϲᣬʼ
ȻԺûһĻ棬ǣϱ֮ɢĹâ֣ߵΧ󷨾ͳڳϵҰƾЩ󷨣ûǻ棬ҲƬԭֻҪΪ鷳һ㡣
˿ϵĶϸɻ飬ʲôһâʲô˿һʱѿʵ󣿡
ССԾ֮˵ϣ¶˱֮飬ûԺǸƲģҶƲˣο㣡
󷨣
ʵЦǻᣬǾͨ
ףȫңΪҰԭƽ̸֮㣡Ҳռµ󷨣Ϊ󷨶̫ˣ֮㹻ǿ󣬳ϵջ񣬽󣬡ȿǿǣҲҪüʱ䡣
Цʧˣأڲԭͣͣĳϣ˿϶󲻳ɣʸճеİӿУһҪǰ󣡡
켴ϹѪʹޱȣڵϹȥʲô澳ǿߵķ緶Ͻ˵ЩѪĥ֮󣬳󷨵Щ˼̣ٺʲŲסˡ
ϸ˵꣬оʹ˵ʲô˵˼֣иҪĻȫˣ˵Ҳ


1708 Ϊ
Ҫʲô
еž֣Ҫڵӣ˽Ļһ֮Ц˵أ
峤֮ӣ㲻ɱң㡭
֪϶Ҳ˵ɱúã𣿡
˵Ļȫǲ˵ĻʮֵţǧΪ֣һǧŮܽǷʽĸҲ˵ȫҪʵ˵ʵӷۣҪûʵǾʲôǣжЩɣ֪֪֡
һıˣЦȻôʹ࣬ҾͰʹɡֱеһֻƵġ
ĳϣҲһĻĻЩ벻ˣɿôţ΢һ룬Щ׹Ҳڼ̫⣬뵽磬ɽ˶󣬳ҡͷҪܣԺͻðһͷ壬峤֮ӣмѾܹܶˣҽҪ١
ŵͬʱǼѪмһָȥϽٶȾת£ȥһָҪǴȥоͻʹ
˵һʱϵ춯ʵ

Ҫͱɣ˭ҲȲһָȥٶޱȣѾվеǰȴûȥץס˵ָ˵㲻üҲġ

۾һĨɻ֮ɫָȴδͣѪ֣Ѫɽ켴˵ڣ㻹ܾȵ
԰ɣҲûʲôʧ
˵žʹ˵벻ţ
롭롭ȡҡƴصͷ
˵㣬ҵˣԸ⣿
û˿ԥһԸ⣡
ס˵ģҪ㷴ڣһڸʹǧ򱶣˵꣬ų֣Ǭһָ似Σʱ϶˸Ѫ
ѪλãպýǸѪΧѪľ룬һģһ֮ǰڶԳ˵Ҫ֮ԱǣѪһɫʱ䡣
ҵ󣡡
˶ųϺϵ˵ֻɶѣҪ֪ģҲȫ֪ˣ͵ҸӣһټűΣ
ߣ
һߣųЦӣΪʲôҪӣΪ˭˵Ҫɱˣûܹˡ
һͻˡ
ƽ͸һӼ
׼Ϊˣ֮ζŨƾ㣬ʸ񣬱ƴһƴ˭ƵڿûҪˡ
˶һ£ҡͷ˵Ϊ㣬Ѿ̣̾Ҫ̣δȫ£һУҪе
ϱ죬ûйʱѾһŽи߷ɵȥѭǽţﻹ˵ҲΪС
ˣѾŭˣҿͷӣҲӲһ˹ȻͣΪȫҪ֮ƽϸնɱ
۾ɱֱȭ˵ΪҲΪУ
ÿСӣпʱȭ
Ѿ澳ˣʵȷʵرһȭУ󷨣һȭӲײһ𣬳ֻоԼһ룬ͬһ˲䣬˳ߴ󲽡
ˣֻ˳
ЦĲ֮Ҫ㹻ˣ
𣿡
ٶȺͬʱѭȻǡȭЦȣȭһʱоǧһɱ
ʮ죡
Ϻȭײ˸Ժˣϻ߲˾˳Ĳ˵۾ȭȭҪΪȭ㲻ܽնɱҲóܸصˣϣȻһ
ٶٶƣܸͣ˲֮˵벻㻹ô֣ȭƣǽȭأ
һȭϣûмУֻԡȭ൲ͬʱԺҲĥȭͷ֮С
Ŵˣźˣ˲ƣһȣ˧ȭ
񣬼ȭĿǰܽ󷨲ںڶһڶֲܳ󣬵Ҫڶ룬߷ֳڶ
뷨һϽȭͷĺڶŽ룡


1709 ȭ
ȭͷ֮еĺڶתţҪ룬൱ѣϲûнһڶɶڶΪڶܵϵӰ죬ȭ
ԣ˵ġ˧ȭ֮ײʱϱÿǻѪ˿⻭棬Ц㲻Ҫ𣿻ˣʵ㻤𣿡
˵ţȭͷȭϣɱŨ˿̳ϵ⣬ھҵĳ鴤ţȭͷĺڶûȫ𣬶ͬһˮ䣬ˮһ˺üʮڶ
ֻЩڶǲƵģҡҡ׹ʱҪ˧ȭܷʹ˺ȭͷҪȭͷķѣϽάЩڶ
ȻϾڶǲɱϽüԺиһˮϴײʯ飬ѳɼʮСУתĻ档
Ȼ۾һܹǼʮۺһʹΪξͲЩƵĺڶ¾أ
ôһ룬ֳʮӿЩƵĺڶͬʱЩάֺڶҲǼѶر£ҳڿĿǰĿ֮С
ɾڴʱɱ϶ˣϾȻ飬ٳˣǾֱֹҪһսƴĸо
ЦݣãҪҾһ̣޵ǣ
ۿҪײһ𣬳ȴͻضһЦЦǽһãһΪʲôУȭͷȻûͣٶȴ˷ֺ
һ˲䣬͵Ʈߣٶ֮죬˵ĹˣҲһЩϣֻһܣԳ첻ʲô˺
Ȼˣ
ܳ⣿
Цŷʣ֮ǰ飬ȻװģںڶûγɣûвʱӲƴˣٶȾڷѭţһЦݷɢעȥ
ˣڳһ֣ȷʵЩ⣬ѱһ£ǣȴоԼǳĶ󣬿ŻâĳϣѹԼˣķŭ˵ӶٻأƬԭûƵԶӲȥվӲһ
㻹׷˵ɡ
ϵһ䣬תڵǳǳܣʮӴĺڶתǳѨֻǱܷӦЩǳܿӿں󣬳ϲȻżУôǳܣ˵ʲô˵󣬻лɳá
ͷļ䣬ϳ˼ڶѾάסھǽڶʲô⣬˼Щʱ򣬳ٶԽԽ죬˵üͷԽԽһ˵ĵȵȣٶӦǽŶԣôǰ죿ʵ̫Źˣ
ת䣬˵üͷչٶٿʲôãҪ֪ҵֺϷ£һ֣գڿкҷ׷ɣһֱҷţûء
󣿡
ϵһʱûлңܿݣҪʱ䣬оڶ⣬һ󷨷ɿԺм
ǧȴûҵһʵģѾʹһƬռݣϽӽûпռ䣬޿ɱܡ
ʱ˵ڣ㻹𣿡
ΪβܣЩ󣬻ס𣿡
һЦȷʵס㣬Ҳûдɱ㣬󷨾ͬھУ嶯˳ֻҪһˣС
󣿡
۶ûᣬ֣ȴͬһ磬˳ϣһӾ뵽֮ǰƬʮڶȻôӴ󣬵ǣһ£СС󣬻㹻ˡ
뵽⣬ж˵лл㣡
лң
һ㶣Ŀ൱ƣ뵽֮ǰһЦ۾˵·ȻǸлҵġ
Żɱȥȵȭ
ȭպգʢУݰӿһȭû˳벽ϻЦݣ˲
ʱ˽ֲѹȥ벻ϻʲôܹвģֻһȭȥʲôˣʱ鳾
գ۾͵ǰ
ЦʵҲὫ󷨣ȭ

⻰ЦὫڽȭЦˣΪ·߻Ǵײˣ˭һ۾ͻģ
㲻ţ
ᣬʹ
ã
Ϻէ𣬡ȭ


1710 㻹漣
ʮڶһ۵֮ǰȭ
󣬡ȭܣûм٣ӿƺǵرȥ˵һʱоüͷһ£ĪĽ󷨸ڽ˹֮У
켴˽ĸն𣬺ݵĹ󷨣ѵǿҵĵȭɣЦ
ȻΪԷһ˲ӿȭܣһʮƮŵЩݣҲʸƿնȥ
ת˲֮䣬ȹݣײڳϡȭɢϣЩӿһݣͣţȥ
۾һݣȵݵЩӲݣݵĵȭ𣿡
Ϊβݣ
ϺţȻظоǵȭŨŨĹ֮ɢˮ굤ԭ򣬼֮ġ
ľԴǸ
һĹȭײһ¡ײɢȥݻΪҽ󣬡ȭ˳ϵ֮У˶ųȣ󣡡
Ϊһƭ𣿡
㡭
˺ȳһ֣ҧ˻ȥ׼ڿ֮һ۷磬ȭͷ˵ʱ˲˳϶˵ллԭ򣬿϶ղŽȳʱ˳ʾŪȭȻȭ
׼ײʱٽȭȫܴӸϣ˳ϵġȭٽϸ⽴
Ȼ˵üͷԽԽˡ
ΪȭͷѾȥóһξ룬ûһ˵ײƣǸһɲĸо޾ͷһ
ʲôж֧ô󣿡
ɱŨֹǳڶʱڽ빥ںһ𣬸һںϣܱǿܣ˲֪ϺͽӴ빥ںΪһ壬֪ĹʽйоֻݺţˣȻѾΪУǾҪС֮ʱΣȫȻԺ϶д鷳
źڶֻʮϲȷʵСǣЩ󼫲һ㣬ɺڶģ̺Ǻˡ
ʹССͬһ޵Ԩ
ֻݵԽϵѹԽεѣϵıϣһƬ̩Ȼ֮ɫ·ȫûн˷
۾һУˣ벻Ȼܵӵζ鲻ԽأŭﴢĳϣЩΪУŭһɲǣϾ͸оˣҪڼ϶ֵסҪģпܾͻ䣡
룬ǳûǸáȭõʵĴûᣬرż͸ѵˣһ˿ԥûеײѾֲ֧ˣҪټȥġȭͲܱˡ

³һѪȳһɾ͵ܣͬɽһֱҪóܾ
ԥתɼᶨ֮ʱϾ֪Ϊؼʱ̵ˣ˲ӿ͵ǣʵȾѪġȭҲһ㣬ϵġ󡱾Ҷҡһ̾Ҫƽ̹أһˮ
ڸоΣ
Ц¾ƣкܴİգ㻹֮ǰһŪһ漣𣿡
һأоȱݣʮڶ٣֮ԵֵסֱӽĵȭӦǺڶ֮Э⣬кڶһ£ɳռ仹кܴ󡭡
û漣׼ɣ
˵ֿǱһſڵϵУ˵˵Ҫɱˣ˭ҲˣˣҲøһĽ
Цţȴᶨ˵Ҳţ
Ҿ󣡡
˵ըףеĺڶмҪ𣬳Ҫ֮ʱؿϵ֮꣬ͻ˳ųϵѪ⣬ȭͷ֮У֮ǰڳϵĹâҲȫڳȭͷ档
˲䣬ʮڶɵ󣬲ٻҡʯȭܣʱͱѪɳȥ
ͻһĻ˲ܽܣǸϽȫȥо֮


1711 Ҳţ
֮ҪһٽƵ˲䣬ؿƶȭάסڶɵˡȭܣͬһˮ˵ϣܴɡ
³ѪֻҫŴ۹âȭǲǰʵֱʧţҪɱˣôĳ֡漣أ
ܣ˲ʮڶûʲô仯ֻڶλãƫ˷ֺҲϸ΢ƫ󷢻ӳ˼ǿս
֣óޱȾϲ֮ĻҪǿ󣻾ϲͬʱɻ֮ģɵ࣬ڵԣֻôһ֮ǿ
⣬һҪʣǾ󣬳ϸҿ϶óǸ󣬺żµ󣬿϶һУû˿Ѿˣͬģ֮󷨣ҲƳģ֪һΪ֮ԸĶأ
˵ʲô˵żµ󷨣Ҳǲƣûʮȫʮģ
ɻ֮Уâͣ˸Ͼ͸о֮괫Ϣ֮꾹ȻڴǲƵ֮Уԭšȭе󷨣پΪС
⡭
һα֮סǸ˻ţ˫гŲţڽ˼𣬿ˣ˵㻹ʲôУȫʹ˵Ҳܴһ漣
ɶֻ΢ռ˵Ϸѣ㻹ΪӮȥɣŵʱ˳һֻ֧ڲֿͬŰ࣬ⷨȷʵǽ
˵ʵڻҲϡŹֵķǣŰ彣ķǵһμЩ㵣˼Ű彣ȵȥ
ʱеŰ彣ӰӰ˲Ϊʵ壬âճŰ彣ϲͬưµ似ںһ𣬹ϡ
֪СӦúԺܱƵҼ˱˱һѪأңֵ㣬ȥɣ
ҲС
˵ȭкڶ仯鷿￴ţֻС˲٣۾͵ؾЩŰ彣ԸٶȹвϳֵĻᣬŰ彣ϵĹâڿнʱȣţ
£һŴ˿ſܼſԽܾ࣬Խˣһžͬһ˳ӿ졣
ֱóϺЩϢѪʹ˵ǾŶţ˭ţ󣬴һȭܺڶתţγһš
üëһԲܴȭͷӿʱµķһڶЩ仯
һܣײϣ̾ʧӰ٣˵ɫڳޱȣѾȫˣ˴ȭͷţǺ
ţа
ųϵĻȻ𾪣ȴڽϷͬһˮƽϣѳϵԼĶ֣ǿԼ侲ǰ¶ΣǾͲżȻˣǱȻ
֮ǰģǹâתƵȭͷϺ󣬲漣ԺţѪȵţأ
Źȿͼʮϼ״ȥһȭһȭغײײһ£һţٶ֮졣
顱ڶŰ彣óĽãգۼĹ򣬾ͱײ˸߰˰ˣ˷ԾȣܺãܲܽѽҲײѣ
УѾץס˴Ű彣ĽնԴϽüֱһȭ൲ǴŰ彣ϵܣԴԴϵʧԾѪʩչطŰ彣ϵͼֳѪ⡣
ʱϼţ˸ɸɾŰ彣ն˺ȵ㻹ʲôֵԹԸɣ
ĵƣҲǲˣȻҾûҪˡ
棿
˾׽ţ𲻰ͬһ˲䣬ϻȭΪצ似ץ£һѽŰ彣ץУ˼״ЦԲƾѪƣץҡ
ֻδ˵ó˾ͷֳϵƣֻǷɽѪ⣬ûгĩǹǣûѣ˶ʱޱȣǴŰ彣ķ
𾪲֮ʱϼȭͷ˵ҵѪƶ鲻ˣһпԭҲһԵ֣Ҿ⽣
һȭ£ûͣǳѾϰ߳Ȼɱܵȭ
Ҫһ𣡡
̣лѪӿŴŰ彣ˡ



1712 ڣı
ϽŰ彣ץסˣһȭһȭŰ彣˿Щ棬оľǳûнʱŭȼա
˵ҪЦֲһܻ˵ĻղңţءĻû˵ȥ˿Ļ磬¶֮ɫ
ǣ˵ǹɲĸоȴŨ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ű彣ٵ˵ϣȼ˵Ѫ֮ϣ˸оûʲô˺԰Ǹ߿Ļһ˿˿ϢûУôƵҵıܻأ
䣬ǸڱϵȻʧɻѣѰһĺۼʱһӱŭ֮ڣɭȻ˵
𣬱øǿŭѣǳŭ۾ʱʱ־ɫﾪţ㾹Ȼӵ𡭡
֪󷨣Ҹʹ
ߣ˵ĵˣˣ
ǲˣ֪Ҹҿ϶ҵǰһȭ£Ű彣Ӵ˵ϡ
尾֮𣬺޵ֿ֮ˣָһɣŰ彣䡣
ͬʱȭϵĹâŨ˺ü֣ȴǽ֮꽫Ű彣ϵ󷨣ͼһˣ϶˵˵ӵ𣬷ǳΣգҵȻй¶ϢĻᡣ
Ű彣һȭ˵˫ţ˫ѪǾ顣
ʹȥʹȥһ֮䡣
һȭ££ȫһ̲Ѫ֮࣬ϻȼ˻ڷѪ⣬ʹȭͷɵʹ˼ٱ
˲ܣȴԱΪҲΧˣ֮£ܲסʹˣһңʹ˵ҡеġ󷨣ȫ棬ҡʹ죡
Ͻ˽ңӡһ̽˵һңȻһ㱯һΣ˵꣬Ű彣¡
ʱ޾ʹеˣǾ¶Цݣþ˵ڵĵӣɱģҵĶҲõģҪãҪĴۡ
価Ű彣ʵʵϣֱӽҳһֵ֪ˣڲԭУԶУȫŨŨĿ־壬ǳնɱ澳ˣȻֻ峤һǧŮк۵һҲ֪ӵߣǶôĿ£֪ˣǧܱıΪԻ
֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰нңüͷţţڣһʲôڣڴڣ֮⣬һ֪ǣھһɣղ˵Ϊ澳չֳ󷨣Ǿ֮նɱḶܴĴۣ
ڻҵң
в²⣬ȴָһͷȡֻ֮Σ
һ뵽⣬¶Цݣò⣬аٱͿԽֻΪϺܾûùаٱ䡱ˣ֪֮ףתаٱ᲻ὫΪ澳ΪֻС⣬ʱΪװˣΪУҪǣҪ󷨣ȫڻͨǼйȫգͲױ¶֣֮ѧ󷨣ѣ
ʱͳصЩ󷨣оĥȥл֮ʱо͵عŲ˵ˣллҵ֮ԾԻġ
Լ˵ȥϾֱ֣ȡ侫ѪԡӺԻһӲʵӣƺرڵء
ϲȡҩģʱһŵҩ˵
ˣʲôҩ
ֻǸһЩ
˵꣬ϽҩԿУһӿҩ֮߷󲻾ãԵһЩ֮ɫԼĳЩҪ飬Ȼһϣڳϵļ伴ӿ˵Ϊǣ֮
ɻ
ǧֵܽУӱõ㸸׵ʶǰƲˣȫ㣬η㣡
ģ
ѿʵ뽫Щ˸ݺݲڵϣһˡ
ֵǰᣬҪҵĻ仰תʹ಻ѣֱ㱬ĸоæ˵ˣĻ˵ʲôҶȥ
ڣ˵֪ĹһУ


1713 棬
ʮʱ֮󣬳ƿԭ˳ݸս󻹸ԣһϵеֶ֮£Խ֪ĹϢһԶ˳
Բڣ֪Ϣ̫࣬رҪģصģĵģ֮٣Գ˵Ѿ㹻ˣرǹٵϢ
Իȥ֮󣬾֪һЩϢ˰ɡ
Ըߣһᾡ֤İΣͶô࣬ȻԵõӵʶдûж˵ڵʵ֧Ųʵң˵ĻԼпܻᱻŻƽʱҲ¶ţͼ֮ԵҰԸ賤һ̶ȣҲó˵Լ뷨
ˮֿ꣬϶򵥣ˮ塢壬֪˫ûУľġϣľģΪľй򣬾ֻľ֮Ļۻľ֮ˣпܱһ
˿̣ҲǱĿǸ˵ӣаٱ䡱ٴתûóϾ澳ΪϢҲûó̫ʧɢϢ澳Ϊ
ԴˣѾ֪㣬ټϰ˵󷨸͸ȭ֮࣬ҲʹóֻûйܣɳѾһİգһͱ˼״
ϼڻ֮ߣ޾УѾϵؾУһؾͶؾ˺ܴȤǣ뵽ż滹ٶȳؾ׼żһ֮оؾ·ʱüͷһ壬ûȥ鿴
ڳ֮ʱ峤Ͻ֮أǴרŹ֮أһѿŵĵӣȴûз֣Ϊר־ҿӣǵ˹ؼʱ
ͬʱһһ˵Щְо̫ˡ
ȷʵЩѲɴʲôϷϧûͨˣȻһʲôӡ
òǴҵȹǽѵķɣ
ôԣĿʱֱΧռ䣬ס¶飬˵ǽѾǴڵڣǶȹ·һ·ǵ˾ȫ㣬ܲʲôһ·ֱȥǣҪƫ
ǣ
ȥһĿֱʱǿռŻָ糣
һߣϵϢ˵һ̤ȥһڷ𣬡ڲҵǺܾˡ
ϹñɣȻʹĵֶΣ
ʤߣ㣬ֻҵĽ֮
۾һ˵ǵʬǽ
Ҹʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ˣϧ㲻ʶ̧٣Ȼˣͻɣʬһ𣡡ȻûӰ֣ȴĮޱȣǰ㲻ҵĶ֣ڣҵĶ֡
㲻öˣҪǰ϶ôϻӸҿ϶ǰģһ
Ƿȴе㲻һ
ûģˡ
ͻȻûͷûԵ˵һ䣬Ǹȴ͵һͣû֣һ֣¾ѪʩطƵƴɱǴ𵴡
ͻأռ︡һ״һģһֻȫ۰׹ɣһѪӿӿ¡֮
ǰþ㣬ڣʬƳɵȡ˵֮䣬ʬ£¶֮ɫ֮ʬǣ㻯Ϊĩڲ񷣬ҲΪá
£һӣ˽ȥôô󣬰ȵشУڲҲ
һУ
¡ڲ֮УƬ֮ʬ飬£鲼˺ۣѪɽӴޱȵӣѸήȥһҧ࣬һִֻץһȭԼĵﲿλ͵ʧȻܹϣҪʧһ˲䣬һֻ֣ͻػһֻǹзӣը
ʧӰûгֻ֣ǻص벻ˣʵδ£طһӦþˣҲٵò࣬ȥϣСȥҲֻǷһǣԷһûҵֽ𣡡
Զһ£𣬡ǸȻǲģ¹飬Ҳܴ⣬һȥɣʧƽֻǰɫĩз׷
½żУƵڶʮ߳󣬿˲Զһ


1714 ħ
ʮڡ
Ͽſü˼֮ǰģʯͷ顢Сһۣ࣬ȴע֪棬ʲô󷨣
ţѾߵ˿ǰ˵һץס񣡡
ǣˡ
Ͻץ
ʱ˿̣棬ѾвˣЩ˲ǼһģǷɢڲͬĸ㣬ڵ


üǰǾʮŸħ޵ûóȻȥֻ˵㣬һжٲ㣿ǿʮڣǲÿһھһ㣿˵Ļʮ棬ʲô
߶£һ𣬡û뵽Ϸǰ棬һŮޡ
תˣ˵֮˱мǸɽӵߣϱ鲻䣬ȴ˼ӿϢ䵽˶ߣرǸɽӣɲ⡣
õһߣǳķ粨ɲĵ̣ɽһЦݣǰȥ˸Ͻ档
ɽӣ峤ϣȻĵϵӣȴҲͬһڣʱҶֿˣڿˣ峤ϾͽһϣϾһǵ񣬺Ҫ
Щǰ߽⣬˿Ҳס·峤΢żֵ̫һˣл룬ż棬ܹʲôſۣ
峤Ͼߣͣ˽Ų˵ʶ壬ͰеĶȫ·Ȼ
峤·ӣ۾ʣֱضһǷǣӽסӿɹɳ嶯ģ޲һ˿ҡ
ȴŭ죬ȶϣȻ

峤ϵ˵һ֣Ҫһֻϰ㣬峤˵һ仰ҪżеĶȥһҲ٣峤Ȼ벻еΪʲôǸɱ֣ЩؽǼǵ÷ǳԣͼƻ֮⣬˶еĶҲǵġ
ЦӿʼҪɱң𣿡
Ů͸ӦˣһʲôǾͲˡ峤˵ţһָĿһɣһɫƿ£峤۾һݣָʱǵɫ峤ϵָת
״ֱȣɽӱĻҪǿȻͽҵ֪ɽǺηʥ
峤ּڿлһһȦ켴ɫȦɫһȦ䱬Ȼ峤תͷ˵ɫ֮ˣֱϵһ
⻰üøˣΪûд仰һ˿һľ֮ζһݣûʲôˣʲôˣ
Ϸ˭ûʸ֪
˵ûʸģ֮٣ر֪֮󣬵ǣûг嶯ȴǰħ
峤ϼ˵ֻҪ֪
Ͳı𣿡
֪𣿡
Щһȵҵţ£֮ͷɣҪ峤ƴ峤ϳֲףȴ֡
ԾգͻػΪһף衪žһȴħУ峤üͷһȻݷǣҲ˵ģС鷳Ҫż֪ؽնɱ
峤˵ţɱۣ˵꣬峤һźںĶֵУԪ˳ȥ˭ģǺɣ
ǣ峤ϡ
أ峤ħУΪħ󣬾ܻһɣ󣬾Ϸĵֻ̣ǳѡ
ȷʵںܣħ󣬱ǰĲ˵ǿ˿ɲֻһ㣬ǰĲ㣬ƾףɴħɲڶʱڿ׾ܽģҪǣ滹һ׷ɱǺηʥ·Ϊ
ʱһǹϤĸоӿͷںܣȴ鲻Խ¶Цݣˡ
켴ְˣҲûãƾʵҲɽӵĶ֣ô죿
Ȼǳϡ
߽˿֮Уӳģʮ˸ӲӵͭˣԱ߻ʮˣΪ澳澳ЩȫأͻأһĲҽд洫ɫ䣬һ˵һˡ
պܳأʮ˶̤ȥһǰ˻ϿһǰȥϵľֹǵĿ˽


1715 ͭʧ
ʮ˫۾ȫųϣתͷһ˲䣬϶ž֮飬Ͼʱ򻹸ȥǰͭ󣬿϶ǵʶǷ֮ΪһܸߣôҲһ澳ĸ֡
ǣǿϵһ̣ŷԼˣˣ÷ǳף˽澳Ϊʱ
Сӻ᲻ɵð澳ǿ߶洳һ棬͸ҳȥⲻʲô
Ȼˣû˼ҵ֣ҲڷâͭϵĽ⣬Щƣ˵Щͭ˵ݣֱͭӾͷȥأ
ֵܣĵʵһܹȥ㣡
⻰ǻǿɲʲôʮķ̣ʮֵӣ⻰ǴЦûһ˿óϣ϶ɣȻиڳԡ
ȴߵǽһ۾ЩǳϤҲǳʹıĿ⣬в˷һ˾ͻȺûмʶˣ𾪵Ͷأ澳ʲôһ͸նˣ
Ŀ֮£ϴ̤ͭУ˲䣬ֳͭϬնɱͭն֮طͱԴࡣ
ĺһʾţޱȣϲҲʹ似Ҫȫһץ¡
϶ԡ似ν൱ܰУȻһΣȴʧЧˣץһգڳҪץס˲䣬ԾٶȺ˿ȥڳϻھ֮ʱٴɱ֮ǰʽĻǵԴλ
˼󷨣ܽͭ˿Ƶ˾ȷĵز֮٣պãԽͭ󣬴һ³ٶȣ
ţٳ֣棬Ҳܵͭ˵ĹڽֿţԽսԽ˷ܣһȤ飬ӿٶȣͭ˵ٶҲżӿ죬ƺԶҪȳϵٶȿô벽
ҾͲţ㻹Զȥ
ٶȾѭѭʮ˸ʱڱץУֻǣץסһ̣ʧˣֻصͭУͬʱͭ˼սУһĨɫΪֳͭʵЩƵֶֹΡ
Щ󷨣ôܹ
Ӱͭд֮ɢâͭе󷨣ѭΣϿԵľԽԽΣա
棬ղٳƣȴʮ˴˶ģһ˵˵ܹͭмֶʱ䣿
Բᳬʮӣ
Ц澳Ϊ֧ʮӣǰһ澳ߣҲż߷ӣҶӣԸ汦ģ
ҶĲᳬӣþŽ׵ҩ񼼵ע
ӣһƷ

ЩóĶעΪףȴûȥ֣ȻΪϲУܿ죬һӹȥתۼ䣬ӾҪˣǸԸƷעˣĬĬʮšһ
һѾ£ͭУǾĵģûһĲҽ˼Լ²ɫɸɫģСӾȻܹ֧ӣѵ˽ȥԭ򣿡
ţֹȥˣһ˲ˬˣĲˬڳӺ󣬱𾪣Ϊ˿̳Ѿͭд˷ӣ֮ǰѧ
Ī˶Ҫǿ˶еĻʱʱ˺һѣִͭ󡣡˵켴϶˺ǿ϶ҲܳŹʮӣ
һۣʮӹȥЩ˷ǳˣɻ˵ôܼôã
ǲѾˡ
϶ġ
£һҽдͭдҪǷʮǰҽ϶һƬЦڴʱȴ鴤ѣȻܼôʱ䣬ҲûãվˣֻҪˣʮӣûʲô𡣡
ʮ˶϶ҽУһ䣬ǵ֯һ𣬶˵ͷĳЭ飬һ£ҲȥͭСС涼ܼʮӣôˣƵͭȫûʲô⡣
ֵŵڶҽС
ǣӣʮӣһգһӹȥڶҽлû۾εؿǰ棬ʮ˸ͭ˶ڼٻζ
˵ʮͭѾȫת֮ǰһֻʮĸͭתأţѵǸСΪ棬澳ģ
ǲ¶һ룬ΪǣʵΪ澳ֻе񾳽磻ʱһ͵ؾǸֹͭͣתˡ
ԣʧˣ


1716 
ͭʧˡ
ʮ˸žͲǰĻ棬Ҫȥ̽ȼȥ֮ŷ֣ûãΣֻʹգ۾ϸϸȥȷʵһͭˣ
ôأ
˵ʣ˾ͺǴͭ󣬻ͭ棬ͭ󶼻ָȴһߡ
ڣͭȴһ
𾪲ѵʱ˾쿴һͭ˲ˡ
ˡ
ԣĸ

һһȫˣʱĹ򣬾а˸ͭʧ֮Уͭ浽׷ʲôǸСŪ𣿡
ͭУһϲ֮ɫǰٶȣͭ󷨣ҪƳ̶̵ʱڣǲģǣƳ˿ͷһЩ󷨣֮֮ȥƳʱ֮ЩҪʾҲʾͭ󷨣񣬿ˮûһ˿͡
󷨱ƣҪͭҲ׾ٵˣҲ׼ͭʱϿЩͭˣչֳܣǿ󣬾һȭȥҲܽҳƬһˣͷӿʣЩͭˣȺö෨Ҫ鷿ʱһУ۳ɵģʵ壬֪ͭܲ񷨱һʹáˡ
ţϳסһͭˣתϲǣǿͭ˱ˣͭӴȻ㿪پɿǳѨϣҲˡ
һͭ˾óϿٳǳѨϣ
ʩչ˰˸µʮǳѨڳڣϵȥɽǳѨϣλúҪҪǳܵݼ㣬ˣֻա
˵ǳѨϲܿˣɳȴûҪŹЩͭ˵˼ͭ˶ãԵ̻꣬϶áϼڣΪٹעڵ̣õ̻ա
̻һܵЩͻ磬㵽Щ̫ˣ
úó԰ɡ

Ǻʮֿͭһһļ٣Ѿ֪ʲô𾪵һʱ֮˰ֻʣһͭˣͭҲʧ𣿡
䣬һͭˣʧǰ켴ʮܹȫؿǰĳһۿģӰ
ܣô˶ţ
һҽУӦһŶԡ
Կ۴ˣǰͦǰţ˵˭ҽгһˣһ۹ۿ˵͵ļһٶ˵һ䣬ҾͰǵͷ
˲飬ԱȴײҪдȣһ£汻һӸ޵СЩ𾪣ηĿ⣬ԷǳϲͬʱҲų϶˵ĺôﻹܹЩ𾪣ôգҲضܹЩֵܽ𾪣Ǻݺݵزڽ£Ҳҡ
ûȥ磬֧ΪҪԵڴ֮䣬˼ŸղƵͭ󣬡ͭУȻҲϬǣ㹻ǿ󣬱˵澳ǿߣҪͨѣżŪʲô˼ʵ󷨡
󣬳뵽ͭдչ֮֮꣬ʵ̫ˣ֮ɳ㹻ǿԸܹǾΪҽʡܶʱ䡣ʱ䣿
ʱ뵽Ǹͼпʱأͼûƽǣ󷨸ܹģϽȭͷв֮ɡ
Խˣˣϲ˵߰ɡֵ̤֮ʮ̨ףϷ˻Ȼаͣæϡ
ȥ˵ǿģӰȫʧһ˳һ˵̫аˣҲãǽͭ󳹳׵׵ƵǾҲͭˣֱӾͿԵȥô˵Ҳһ¡
˵˷ܣŲͶĸоǣͻȻֹΪͨڶĽݣҲųӰʧʧˣ
Ҳ˵һͨڶ·ûˡ
ʱһƬȻ
ʲô¶ƣƴĻᶼûˣ
ô죿ϣҲܳѵǾҪ𣿸ģ֪ղžӦý˸£һնɱˣǾ˳ȥˡ
ǡ
ǵĻˣͱϵһխСϣΧпХоʯ׹䣬ǰ棬áȭɾʯЩʯֻǱɣǱƬңЩʯҲͭһڰɣ
£ϼȭ֮꣬һͬ󣬼̣ͱϣ֣


1717 ԾţΪָ
ͱϵ󷨣ǵһڵģܴķ磬ľʯϵ󷨻棬ó뵽ԼڵٶȾҡֱϾռѭΡߡǰģơ
֮չ۷硣
ƵһСխСȴǱƽ̹ĿûмǰȥͣǸ߿µľʯץ
⣬Уܹιķ磬һƷεʱϾظоЩ磬ķ磬ͨķ磬ǵȻ磬ǴΪͬ
ϸϸо̽ڵķ磬˽ķ磬ȻǱɿط֮⣬ƽĶΪ˶¶ȵȵز
ʱȴЩ죬Щζ᲻Ϊƽ޹ʵƾնϵȻܹƾĺô
ڣûɢʵʵڵĴڣɴ˿ɼʵģǼٵģƶɢ㽫ĸоɾʲôȴ
ʯҲʵʵڵľʯ̺ûáҲ֮ţϿԱߵͱڣ۾һ˵ȻҪ̣Ǿ̸ɸɾ
£ϽֲѾͱ֮Уʱƺ˳壬Ҳֻг鳬࣬Źκһһ˿˿ɳǿõĶˣóǰ߹峤ϣȻҲˣȴǲмֱӾԼһ԰һ˹ȥ
ͱųϵĶھҡţǰûбƳ󷨵£ȴǰȻһ˿ûУЩʱ䣬ϸоԼΪɶò˶þܹ»صľ磬иϲãΪ˵ȷʵҪйҾ;ȫ̤澳磡
ڵڶʱ򣬵ħУľȴԽԽΣգȻԲ󷨣ȴ롰ͨһ磬вٵľ룬Ҫɫֵƣͳ˺ܶ
෴峤ϻһ㣬ÿһ̤ڰȫ֮·ħԼµһ峤Ѿ֪ڵķλ֪Щܣ峤ϲ¶Цݣ˵üܿϷͰʹࡣ
󷨣ϪˮɽתһĶﲻһһʧ񣬾ͱһֻħ޻Уħǰ
ħޣŵô
峤ϼ״ЦòҶ֣ͻ߸ˡЦţ峤ͻɫ΢䣬˵ãԾţԾͻΪ·Ǳ֮·пܻΪͨ㡣
峤ϳ֣ҪĶħ󣬾ʱһɫӣըѣûнħըһɸ͵㸹֮Уһȥ￴Ĳһ·һͨͨͷǳϤ̨ףԥأＲȥ
峤ɫڳȻײ·ãһΣͱˡ峤ٶȣħޡ
ˣȻħ⣡
ﱻ峤׷ɱ֮ʱżĳһ󷨿ռУһŵ֮ɫϣС㲻ʲô¶һҪʱҵС㣬˭ҪǶС㲻Ļҡ
ߵĿУɱɱס
ũеľ䣬ĥýն˵ڶӣȴǻˣֱӽʳĳսеսѾܹ˴ˣʱڵУִһˣսЦ̫ˣˣүү廨
ٻ˰ɽרûзɽ£һˣҲܵӣӵиֳһʵӰ⣬軹֣ȻӺۺʹ࣬Ϊɶһߣǳ˵˳Թ֮ͬʱܲҵأʵ½˲١
ϡҲ˽ݣŸ̨׵Ľݣڴϡһ̨̤ף֮Ҳ̤ȥȴ˵ţҪҪƻһϷأ
ɢеˣ˿ĥѣǽżʵ͵һˣеãҪϱˣӲһ֡
Сݼһǻ󷨣ɽˣ̤ٻڵɽ
ڶ㣬·̨ͨףѾǰ󣬷粻ٴʯ䣬ͱڶˡ
ҪǣϵΪص񾳽磬е㣬ֶ˿˿仯
Խһжо𣬡ҪдôͺˡţԸų̤˵㣬㣬ˮ¡һˮ󷨡
ʱһӰֱնϣϽüһȴǶ˵澳Ļᣬˣ£ȭ


1718 ȷ
Ӱն£Ҫϸ룬ȭҲɢޱȵĺƺܣҲΪˣǺӰȴް㾪̬֮ǻЦûнϵıȭ
Ҳɣ֪ΪʲôһʲôҲ˵ֱҪնɱѲ⸱òˣ
Ӱɢˮ֮Ϣó϶ԼĲ²Щɻ󣬾ʱϵġȭײһ
Ȼҵײȴûһ㱬ը죬ȴǺӰƣͬˮʯپ£һһΪһֱࡣ
ȥɣ
ƿҪնڳѪ֮ʱޱȵشĶһЦȭеǱΧûʲôġ
ȭܣ͵رʱӰоǧĹ·ϣӰû뵽ǰȻܷġֶϻй֮޲
ǣڳУǲܵģֻӲӲӰмģʲôǧֻʲôܽ仨ˮɢ
䣡
ը𣬺ӰЩܲûɢ۵øӽˣΪʲôӰиողظʣЦնﲻУҪն࣬ⲻԼҳ𣿡
Ϊʲôն
ӰԼȴؿͻذȥӰȻֱ죬ȴǲŹᣬҪûƷܱӰƵò֮ʱ
ϵؿڣ˲ָԭλĵø߸ߣȭƼһˮйֱײϣӰܻˣɵ֮ǰӰȱܡ

̣
ҲǺȳһ֣ЩܱԴԴϵر뵤Ӱ״ĿɿڴȴǴ̽ȥˮУоһ˿Ϥ
Ϊʲôָоأ
һʣԺ͵һ⣬뵽ˮ֮뵽ˮ߳ϣźӰˮģ
СӣʶȤģԶϾҿһ
Ӱô˵ﻹףԭӰòĳˣˮĳˣ뵽ˮ弸׵׼ϲ뵽һܹרҵˮڵĶȻôһͿ϶أҪŪһŪ
ţ˵ԶϾȷţ
Ȼȫˮ󷨿ռӵʱ˺ͣΪ㻹ӵù𣿡Ӱޱȣȷʵ˵ҲʵֻǣûԾϵֶΡ
ϻû˵ԾͺȵҶԴıӵ𣿡
˭
вգԣ
һأûаԼ峤ӵݣҪ˵ǿ϶ֻ˼ҵĳЦһ㣻ӰɫһͣˮͲ̫ԸϾˮӰ˿ԵΪַ˵ҵĵ̣ҵȭͷӲɱ㣬Ҳ֪
ƾ㣬ɱңΰɡ
Ը˵꣬Ӱ֣Իæ൲ֻˮɵǰ͵رٲɢŨŨĹܣ̤˵ڶŵĹ֮⣬͸ŰԵơ
£Եܱ˸飬Ѫˣɫ԰ӰһȻ֮˻ûڶʱ֮ڣٴβսԸС׵öˡ
ղҪһҴһЩ鷳ڣˡ
Ӱ˵žҪ֣ȴЦʵȷĵ̣
˵أ
˵ǡ
ҡҡͷȭйâһͬһ˲䣬Ӱ𣬡ˮŰٴγ֣󷨿ռеˮȻźӰϹ
ȭ
ȭ
ϽġȭһһʹӰһϤȭһߣȴͬʱϵ˵̻ꡣ
ӰÿһεĹܸϴʵԵش˺ʱһãŭҪżǷɢһ֣Ҫնɱ׾٣
ֲһӣ϶ԡȭԽԽٰ˳ʹȭǺʹȭպգҼն似üһȭʩչҷն
һȭӰˣϸҵĹ֮⣬򲻹ȭͷȭ󷨣󷨣Ҳܿס֮Ŷԡ
ӰҪ֪ܻ֮꣬ɻԽ⣬ڣֻԽԽɻķݣţӰٴɱȥȴǶһȭһţһ
Сʲô
ӰոսʳͷǰһƬˮͻûˣȺӰȣ𾪵飬ֳҰ


1719 Ѻţ
Щûˮĵطͻ¶
ȷʵ
Ӱоˣ󷨿ռһеĴڣˮˮˮ̨ҲˮˮˮûС
ȴת˲䣬һƬˮ
ӰɵӣһϢ֮뵽϶ǰС󷨣²ʾ󷨣󷨾ﵽ˾ĵز˵
뵽Ӱ˼͵һתУٸʱ䣬Ҫûнĵ̱ĵʱնɱǸɾϡ
Ӱ͹ȥϺкϳһЦ׼ãѾѭ˶ʮٶȾӰһӾʧںӰǰ
ʵٶȷ棬ӰʵҲͦƳǣôһȣǾС׼ףҲϲˣӰ׷ϳϣ۾ԣԵ鷳뵽ղԸѪ֮ʱϲûг֣ûпһۡ
뵽⣬ӰƶԼǽԴ˶ʲôӦҪԳˣضҪʱ䣬˼һڣӰ׷ųɱȥ
Ӱȫͷų˿ҷɣ׷˴һʱӰû׷ˣԼ۵ùǺĸоӿٿϣ治ɫĲһƣ͵ļûУӰɫޱȵؼΪҵͣôӵбһ桭
˼ţӰͻؿͣվһӰ֣ȴܷŹﻹȵ㲻ôˣ
ͻȻû˼ˣԸˣôʲôأȭͷʵڸղſ񱼵һʱѾ󷨿ռ䣬òˣҲƵòˣֻʣһʣǻ㾦һЦҪ£Ƿ츲صı仯
Ӱ֪Щ仰ŭأЦ㱻׷ɱһʱƨҷһھȻ˵Ĵ󻰣ǲ֪ˮ֮Ű
ɱ𣬳ϷɱϣһʼͼУ
켴ϣ
ȭ
ȭ
ȭ
ȭ

ϽʽһԶʹ˳ͭյ󷨣ڵĹٶȸ죬Ȼ굤Եɣûм֮ˮ򣬵ǣô͵ĹӲǽӰǼǴɱУ֧飬úӰһ˿ˡ
Сӣÿ񱩵Ͳһӵеֱ澳ǿеһƴңԣӣǣȴӶңûܼΪǿ󷨵ԭ򣿻ʲôط
Ӱľⷬƴɱ֮УоԷĹӿĲΣһֻСӰʲôʱйľɴΪŭҾͲţĹ㻹ʹó
㣡
ӰһӾ˺Ӱǰ֮ǰĹȫԡҷն˳ȥӰ൲ȴˣϽѪϣǺӰҲѪӰ
ϢֿӰſһ̲ˮУŭųϣŭˣ
㲻ŭ
ָȼһƻ磬ֻһƣӰȴоԼŭ⣬Ī㣬ûϸ˼ȥΪͺܷŭټϣˮ˻𣬻й塣
ӰϵѪϧ˳󷨿ռˮԼٶȣһƬѪֺɫЩˮȫѪһ
Сӣƴʵ󽵣ҲҪնɱ
ӰЦݸˣЦУӰȴǱ˿۾һĨ⣬ȡӰӵģȻӴӣӣ֮ħ֮
Ѻţ
ӰһԵ͵һѺţţˮʮ֮һҴܹΪʮ޵ˣˮĳӰ˵ţСӣܴùѺţ𣿡
˵ţӰԴҲڷ仯һֻѾӺӰԴϳ˳ϿЩȴתͷ˵ûܻħ޵ط
Уҵʵ̫ûʸ񣡡
û¶ͻʸˡ
ˣѺţ򵥣˵Ϊޣʵֹҡ
ϰֹͣתԺӰ˵ȷܹΪѺţ
֮ǰΡȷľӰĿޱȣʵʲôʱӰͷѾֻǣȫΪѺţӣ˫Ż㡣
˵ûˮô
ܣ
ӰʵغȻ뵽ˮĻ棬̾ѪҪȫȫػΪѺţʱǰָһ㣬һҫ֡
ǣһȫ
ʱˮţ֣


1720 
ֻɲǼ䣬׺ɣ
󷨿ռˮգۼ䣬ȫԱޱȵ۾¶Ŀ־壬һֱȿӻҪĿ־壬ȻͳҲûпӼΡ
׺ɣı仯ԼĴ٣ȴûһǰģľ飬˵ϵķΪƸΪֶΣǰֻҪɹѺţˮ˵Ĳҽ㹻ˡ
˿̣Ӱľ󲿷ֶѺţӣƫƫֻʣǰԴԼٳӣײޱȵԣҲҪµĸо
Ӱǳߣֻһ㣬Ѻţı仯ȥˮûˣ֮ǰˮѪҲòˣסˣоԪϢЩŹ֡
ʵҲһ㣬ֻ˵̻꣡
ӰоŹ֣ȴûй׷ȥŻ۾ĵԲԲģŭųϣȵûȫѺţҲ㹻ʰ㣬ȡСˡ
Ļ
Ҳö˵ָһֱԾŵĻ磬ڷ˺Ӱ·ɲһǷŭһӾյü
ӰޱȣʱҪ֪ʲôǰ׳ˣǣȴһֶ˵ӴŹֵϴš
ϵȻúӰΪأдãϼԪڤ٣ֶ˵
Իڿ־֮УϵرߵǰˣҡܡʲôԵЩ
£
ϽԪڤٵһ˽ϣڲʱӰΪԴԴϵתƵϣӰŭøˣȴޱȵؾϲˣﲻͣţҵΪڱǡ
ȻķǸݹԪڤٵԣԸĳģϻļ֮У밡澳ǶôĲףԪڤôһ̶ʱͻὫǧΪȥβļ£
ⷽȷʵЩ졣
ļŵĳϣһͷ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬֪Ԫڤ̹֮ܲǿߵΪҪҲ̵ĻǾ͡
ţԪڤԸѿһݣֲ󣬽ѺţټԪڤ٣˵Ԫڤٻǲǿ澳ǿߵΪֲ֧˶ʱ䣬ֻҪҲԪڤپͻ޾ҪԪڤٶԸ֮ǿߣȴǲˡ
˵ǸҪ⣬Ҫ֮ܽ佣ģǽ֮Ĺؼ𣿲֪棬᲻Ϲ֮ǿߣ
˼ת󣬳ϲŽעϣҪӷֻۣ¹澳ΪҪЩ֮
һ£϶⣬ǾԵĵ֮ڣһһܹԪ󷨣󷨣ӦӲӵ۾ҲûϵԽżõڵһЩôǺѺţˮԪɱаɣ
ʱ֮Ѻţ˺ӰģΪѾ䵽ʥ磬ȴǸպ澳ԷֺЦֹڳǰ˵ˣһʵͽҡ
ú£Ժиĺô
׳һջֽɱ˵һ˵ӰǰȥţֱҪϲˣӰ¶̵Цݣ㲻Ǻק𣿼
㡣
ǣˡ
Իһ䣬һȭ£Ӱֱӱҳ⽴Ϣ켴ϽϳϵĽŲĲ㣬һŻɳŻ󷨿ռ䡣
󣬶ӵ֮ĳ˵Ҳرѣ˿̣֮ɢĹâѾôۣǷǳͣЩǣ֮΢ˣ֮øǿȻ
ǰ֮Ͳô˰ɡ
ţ֮Уϼʶɳ𡢻ɳǿһ׳ޱȵĻɳٲ棬ǻɳӸߴˮһƱˮٲ𾪰ٱҲӵش
ɳٲ
˴Ĺ򣬳ƿɳϣ֮ɢĹâޣֵֻһ΢⣬̨̤ͨס
̨ײ̤ϵ㣬ڶߣʲôˣȳϻشһʲôˣùȥ̤ߣ
ʲô
ΪǵԣʮغϽŲδֺȻ֮ǰĽ̤ţһۣ׼ɱС
Ϣ
̤㣬ʱŨɱϮҪȴһȣ˫㣡


1721 ˣ
ϵġȭȭȭһϵеĹҪ˫֣ʶڽ׼ȷ˵ڽǸѾȥˡ
ٿ˵ɱͣǿ϶ס֣¶ЦݣǴк˵û뵽ǻߵҵǰ档
Ҳֻģ˵ţǰϵɲʶҪ¶ڣǿɾͲˣ֮£ϲβĺҪβڵĻܹ˫Ժͳܶˡ
һ鲼·˵⻹øлʦҪȻҺܻҪһأ
ʦȥˣ
ָǰħ˵˵ͷ˵ʦȥ֮ǰҺãŮĳͽնɱ
ܡ
֣ȴʵһŮģ
ûشȴĿֱԣ˵˭ҸоԪϢղŶǺģҲǳ˱ġм
澳еԣǳˬҲֻ£ܻ˴˵ļƻ˵λˣղ۲ʶ̩ɽλдĹһΰɡ
ģȴں޺ţ쵰ҿң˫ˣҲȴ˰նǵΪһңҾܳΪ۷徳ǿߣ
бһԣ˵ԣ峤һӣ·࣬ҰЩ¡
ûлɳ˵ĻֻǴԣζЦţȻ֪ЦʲôЦţȴǺ޲ýնһٶΡ
ЦһܿϣشæʵôˣΪô½ˣ
¶һЦ澳ΧɱһЩطΪʱˡ

ü˭
ˮģġ
ǲǲˣȻҶǴڵĵ֣üͷ¶ɫüȴһĨϲ⣬ͬҲˣϲ׽аȻ˵ĵطжԹ϶ΪΪϲɣá
εżĴڵӣȻһźʵϣŵõڴУϾ̫ͣˣ˫Ϊ䣬˸֣һֵõڴеĻᣡ
֮ǰĻǸŮʲôͷȻغ򣡡
еϲã˵ŮģͷСģһףһ֣ǿ˲ֹǧ򱶡
ν˵ţȴǴ󶯣˵ĻȻȫԺɫ𣿡
Ȼﲢûм棬һ鲻Խȥ룬δɫоǸ׵ȷɫһŮġ
ţֽӹ˵ʵʦҲֻԷһƾʦı£Ҫɱ׾ٵ£
澳ߵʦ壬ǲǹ֮ǿѡ︽ܵĻǱġȴҵɫŴξ˿̣ѣҵȥ
֪֮ǿߵǰҪӶǾܵ飬󣬳˵ȥʦַΪˣҪץʵС
˵꣬ϲ˵ĻᣬħУҲϷֺԼ˵ǰ¶ţ˼ȥ˵ʵװԼСţһۣ΢΢һЦ˵ϣʵܹǰ
ǰ
켴ЦŨ
ͬʱھŲ󷨿ռеǹɸоԽԽǿˣֽһͨħ𣿡ţһڶߣŮޣˣӲôӣҲӲһ֣ԹһƱˣʹ졣
ŭ
ﷴּһǴɱУִǽ󷨿ռ峤ϲ൲ģȥ֮׷ȥͲҵĶ֣ο⽣֮У
޾գһһ˵ں˲ˣȥ£ûмӢӳЩŵŵĸ֣һ
һ֣ʲô
Щ˲ʲôûУ
ûУ˵ˣǲ㲻
ߣ
ߣռһᣬ˵ʲôһҪ֪ڸʲôƲǾɱˣ


1722 ֵġ·
ϵһۿħʱһ߾ߵħ޵񣬾͹˳ϵ˼˼Ȼͼڴ½ռЩͼڵǰħͼڵмóϲɻǲͼڴ½ʲôϸͼڴ½ϱϾһ档
뵽ͼڴ½Ҳ뵽ǴѣСڻԻû֪Сݼôˡ
˿̣СݼǸд粽Уյ˵ľҲǳѣ΢һģ¾ɽˣɽȫ󷨣ȴڳѧһЩϥɽ£Ÿɽеտʼûʲôɵٻضˣٻü˼
⣬żƽԭѾ̫Զˡ
ħУѾ֣ЩħƴɱֻԴúܱԭΪΪǵ澳Ժúõˣˣ磬ȴϣѹʮңԼȭһֻԳǣȭͷ֮ӭȭͷģȴǺôһӵ֮ڡ
ϻ߲֮꣬쿴ħĲãڲ̽ûǣ鿴һȴʲôҲûз֣أǵʦأôһ
ת䣬ϱ뵽ǵھŲȥˣҵüӿٶȣħ󣡡
£ϰ֮߶£۲ħ޵ı仯һϸϸ۲죬оȵط֣֮ͨĹâϿһЩħ޵з·һĶЩͼڴ½ʵóĽۣ²˶٣ɻ
Īǣģ
Щʲôʲôܣ
ƽʱϿ϶úоһڣʱȣϾȫţЩħ޵ľμסܾǶô
ʮͷħޣΪʲôһ٣ǾʮƫƫǾʮţԢʲô
϶ԡš֣ԽԽУֹһӣϵüͷ˵ǰħþ֮ƣӦòʲô⣬ɳôãȴǷ֣Ʋû·֣
֣ôû·أ
ϵ󷨷ֶƣʮӺֵõƵĽô¶϶ħ޾Щϵ֪Ǹʦ壬ôƵħ󣬽ھŲġ
²ţϽȡһ󷨣ٽħ޾һݽȥ
һݣɽˮ·һ塣
һ·ǰ
ϼ״ȻЩŴܰɣ֪ϸȥǿģһΪ·֮ǰʶ·ȫһ
ǰݳ·Ǻбƽֱֱģƽƽģûһۣǣǰһ·ֿҲƽģϸϸһȴ۵ġ
ңԵۣײۣϳһƽģͬǹâҪʱִ𶯵Ƶʣõ˼£ͳɾ
ֵ·۵£ƽ̹
üš˸ֱޣϱһ·ΪʲôľʲôãҴʲô仯ܲ˳ͨħҪҪݳôֻۣ¡
֣ϵٶȻǺܿ죬ʱϾݵòˣЩ·Ҳһֱߣȫ͵һ·һ۵µ·
ƽ֮֮֮Ҳûκѭš·ûٹ򣬳Ͼߵһֻεǰ
㣿
ͼڴ½ûŷͼڵĲ䣬Ҫ㸹Уȴ͵뵽˫ͨ󷨣ʦ϶ΪͨóȻȥֻ¾ȲһʵǺõģЩħ޵Ź죬֪ܲͭڣ
ţѾץסԱһεתЩħ޵ûóʧܹڣħ޵ʧʶһҪ⣬棬ҪնɱҽħȥħûȫٵʱǷûʦ壬ҪԼһ𵽵ھŲȥһȥǿɻ鷳һٶȹ죬Ҳпܳų̤̂ףھŲ㣬˿ɲǵһеЩߣ
ϵ۾¶ɱõİ취ǽǳԾ󻼣
£Ͻ˹˼䣬¶˷֮ɫظ֤ˣģұ֤񣡡
ϵͷܣȻȡһ֮Ƿһ飡
һۣ¶ϲϽɫ˵˵˫ʵ½ˣȻһӶƲס
ǣͬӵܣܿն
лС˼ûȥթ⣬һԾУ
˿̣εĳϣȴ𾪣


1723 ֲ¶
ϵ֮ɫŨϵһɽѪʱ𾪣ԭڵε
áεڣε񻯳ǳǣЩΪĶҲ֮Уûɢ͸ھ֮ϡ
еͬʱѾ׼ϷԣȴЩֲҴ߳ϣ´˴˵˼ǣֻվһԸż
ڳûмȥ¶Ƕô֣ûԼؼ飬ǿѹ𾪣˵ʼɣ
ˣˡ
Դ˵켴ȵСӣȥɣȻҰҵūʹֱӿ峤Ĺӣδ
㡭
˵һ֣޻Եŭȫ˳ȥܵĶħе˵˫ʦĵȻô̵ʱھħ󣡡
Ҫ˫Ϊûе䣬ձضҴڵһǿߣ
ϧ
ϧ

ı飬·ʹʧһֵܰ㣬ʵǵﶼڿЦô΢˵˫ĴǳǳΣգľ֣ٹʲôвˡ
֪˫ΣǣǵĽŲȴǲԼͬطԴˣղ˫ȷʵǰȥҲȷʵҪǣȥһܵصˣȴǷǳеġ
˵ٶԽԽˣңһҽУԵĿЦӰ˲ɱεǰ
ִĿĵأ˾ͿѪɫҪ԰ж԰ףΪҲ澳ǵ䵽񾳽磬ٵľ˻ʦ֡ʦ֣ңҲûע֮ʱ͵ϮңҪʬΣ
⣬⡰ʦ֡ĳƺʱд󶨣ȴޱȣɱУնԣȵСӣҴˣ
ɣ
Ҿ㣬ȴҪأҪ
˵ţҲɱȥԺüŭۣվҲҪ֮ǰΪҪȡû뵽ƴɣ
ԾҪɱæλʦ֣£Ҫúĥ
ǰҲˣ
ţǾѭٶһ𱬷֮һգۼ䣬ͳ嵽ܵıоɵ˫ôܻôٶȣ
ʱ˾û뵽ϻȡǵһ˵û뵽˫˫Ǿ֮ʱѾܵ壬һѪ⣬ըٱȫ
ͻϮ˸Ūˣ˷ӦǳѸ٣ҪնԵɱУתϣǸոתһǡȭˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ҪɱԣͻؽϲڵɱУҲ˳ȥնϣ׹ǵ˺ۣǵı˲ѪҽгеɱУҲ֣ױܹȭ˳ȥ
˳ףסΣųϣ˫ʲô
ɱˣ
ϳȥٶȣȭ˻æ൲ʵ˫Ǻ㣬Ȼַɱǣ
ǲǷǳŭ
ϴʣŭ˫ڵĹأѵˣɱͬߣ𣬻壡Ҫɱǣ
ƭʲô
ִһȭӿֵĸоԼķŭ͵صҪԼʧȥǵĵزںţΪ˲֪зǳĲʦһ֪ʱ㽫޿ӣڶὫץס
ʦʲô
裡
ŭеܱܵغɺȳ֮ʣµǸԾ˫ʦĵӣô֪ܲʦʲôأǡ
뵽ղųϴʽشȣ㲻˫
¶ˣ
㵽˭
ɱǵˣ
¶֮ɫˣ˵ܣ飬ǻϼͰ㣬ŭŨٱһŨо⣬Ϊ꣬Ǽٱ
Ȼȵ𣡡
ֲ¶ˡ
شɫô벻ǷǳҪסŭԼһ˿˿ȴŭҲڴҵģôأ
ΪʲôҪɱǣ
ܳʵɱˣɱ𣿡
˵ɱб֡
Ҳʱﱻ峤϶סˣ


1724 ƣ뽣
ܱϺһͻȻϮ֮󣬱ˣԭȵ۷ʵֻܷӵóųɡ
ţ˵ķŭȵΪʳܱ͵طΪ֮£ʵٴ½ܷӳʵʮ֮
£ٴνȭȥܸ͵ֵסǵĴУûмϵɱа𣬾Ѿȹ
ʱбƣܴݲУȻӽһϢıԵȴûԣϵĹҲûͣ£ȭͶ
ܺƺܱǵֶζûüʩչͱ˴ˮĵز뷴Ƿãһ룬͸ΪŭԽŭԽٵȥ
ʹУһںĶϱǳ֣޾ʹоȻŷ˷ܣȻٶȻδ·ֺɴȭȭͷѾ˿ܾͣϵĿǿںĶ
񷢷һѪ˫۶ųϺСӣΪʤ𣿲ܣҲҪһȥͬھɣ
ҲǷŭ֮״ʱ˿̣Ǵ򲻹ˣǣǻзǳɱУ峤ȥ֮ʱµǿ鱾ԸĶ
ŭ֮ʱϵָѾлһЦ֮󣬾˺ںĶȵɣ

ŵͬʱܾҪԷɾʱָͣ£зҫһġͶҰ
κ뷨塢ʶȵһУʹ࣬ȫֹˣԻûлصùȴǲ˿ͣġǼֲ˶ʱ䣬ٳ֣кںĶУ˳ţʮָ˵֮ڡ
ۡ죬˵ٵһͿҲڵȥ˲䣬ʧЧѹѹһ䣬Ըǰһ˶ס¸ɵԶҲѲ
ΪѹҪԵģǾ޾ľĵƣȻԵ޹ʵص˼ҵУҲˣųȡǵĴָŭûˣֻ˫ۣ͵֮£Ϊҽ
üƽ󻼣Ͷڽħ޵֮Уħ޵ǾĹ죬ûнע̻꣬ҵ̻ͭ˵֮󣬻ء
ӻ΢΢Ĳη壬˷ܣ澳ǿߣնɱһûлصù
ڵһţЩҲۺһ𣬶Դ󣬳ȻûȥţھŲʦ壬ôӦԣ
ӦÿΪһɱУǿʣڹؼʱ̲ã⣬ǷȵЩˡ
ţûʱ䣬ħʧʮħ޵񱻳ڣЩڶѼתһԲ飬ư
תͷԣָڲһЩɱУŻٶȣ̨ףһ峤ϳ֮ΪԾšͨڳϿȥ֮Щ䡣
ûв
˿̵ĳϣѾھŲ󷨿ռľסˣ۵ģȫǽָĽСһ󵽰ǧɽͦĽСñ廨һĽ״Ҳϡٹ֣ٽ϶ͼͻɫۻңѪ͸ˣâĴۡ
ЩɣǱǽЩƷ׿ɶͣǽĻȥŪģҪ͸Щ֮ؽ֮Уؽضܹ
Լҽϻһݣ˼һ֮걬ܣԸֱǰȥ֮Ĺâ˸УѭΡ
Ϸ󣬻ԾݣƳ·ָֻԭƽֱģƴɱ֮ԽԽͬʱĸоԽԽǿңˡ
Ȼȴûмϲ֮飬ʵﻹǺģľĨɫ׷֮󣬵ǣɫ׷쳣ڣŶһʱ䣬һʵóȻǰʲô
еǣɷ賤ЦŮޣϷĺ㣬Ϸƴɱ㻹ҷ񣡡˵ţһӵɶȥѭȥѽͻԾն޷ֻü൲
ô˻ᣬ賤׷˵滰նɱȷʵ̫ϧˣ㷢ЧϷ򣬵ϷŮϷһ·Σ


1725 ŮΪʦͽ
ѪϷŮҲʸˡ
賤Ц˵Цݿޱȵش飬֮£ŵȴҰģ賤ϻûжɱ֣Ϊ϶ڽ֮УӲ
賤ǹϣƣƴòκһ˿˿ϢĻᣬһﲻֻǼɫƴֵǣƴɱļңʱţףԽԽˡ
Ǹǿĺӡ
賤˵ţֽһСɱУİѴ󽣣ʡն£賤ϱţ˵ϷŮ벻ĺôϷһȫ壬ٹ˼Щ׵ļһ
ﻹǳĬѳȥ
ȻϷܰһȻܰһʲôӣҪѡˡⷬ賤ȻЦ˵ģֻ³Ѫûһ˿Ѫɫ
賤֮ҪŮɲ̰ͼɫ˵һѪŮȥӣҪĿģͨƿⷽƣȻȲϴڣȴҲǲСλͣң賤ϲܴڣڲģֻǴڵһ϶ѣ׿ڵ֣Ը峤ҲǳԲ˺á
ԣ賤ϺĶ
ֻǣ賤ϵ̣ע˲ʵ֣
ֵӺ賤ϼﻹûзӦ˵ǲԸԾƣҪԷˣȻˣϷͳȫ㣡
£賤ЦȫŨŨɱҪŮͻɫһݣ˽뽣˭
ţҪͨħ½뽣ˣҲһ㣡
賤ͷͣ˶ıɱһΪֱﻹдУ˵ûóʱ·ƴһȻΣգɶҪܵˣôಫЩڽӲãħһСײ·Ҳûʲô
ˡ
賤ͬʱ϶˭賤ھܣ׼ɱһֲֹϢʱ䣬賤ٴξ׳Ѿ˽뽣˭ȻĵӣЩȫʧ
û뵽˫ΪѾһȭϵĹâǡ賤۾͵ش˫ż˺εȻӵ̫꣬ˣͣضҵˡ
賤ϷȻ˳ϵΪ½ǣûػɣӵܲһЩأ賤¶ЦݣȴǿĪɻ󣬡ڸûϵɽ˸أʲôΣ
ܿ죬ϴԣ賤ǰϿһɲǣд󶯣ֻһۣ޻ɣͬģҲ϶˾ǳϣͬǣɻôһģ
ǣһУﶼûбֳϣȻҧѪţ賤ǶԳ˵ôʱ䣬ߵһ˫㲻Ϊʦĺõӡ
нգʦ̵úã
ϺԥϹ˵賤ɨһۣԸǸɴع˵ϣߵͷ˵ǰҽԣ֮ˣ˾ҵѾΪ
賤ϸѹ̫󣬡ϼһʲôΪǳԽɣܹɵҪǴܰΪһңҡ
ԶԳϣһäĿΡ
ǣϱˣȴǽᵽߣǰƵͷԼֻΪվһǰһ
賤϶ԳϵĻش⣬ӣʵջΣʲô賤ʻ֮УûзĹƵøˡ
ʦһ֮󣬾Īһ鷿УǼ鷿ȫɡϽԼľ˵һ飬Ȼһʱ䣬û˵Ծ֮ˡ桱ֻ֣˵֣ڡ桱ѾѪ֮Уһ˵ǿġ
賤ϱߵͷʾǳڴбضͷˣ֮һδɾҪ㵣ˡ
Щ֣̿æ˵ֻҪʦڣ֮һ϶ܷվ۷塣ϸ賤ϴŸñӣʵʱ׼ų֣Ͼ˫Ӵʱֻ̫̣֪һЩ˫Ըȴ֪˫ƽľֹΣֻǸһģҪ˫ƫƫеˣЩѾ㹻¶ˡ
ڣ賤ˬʵЦ˳϶Բҷɣֻ賤˵ûеԼһɣ
ûС
Ϊʦͽ׳֮
һ㶣û뵽ٰ˫Ⱥô£Ǹӹ˿˿лʦ𣡵Ӿʦʧ
賤


1726 Ȣ㣡
װ˫ԭĿģܼ򵥣ֻˮ㣬һ鷳ѣٺΪ˸øؾǰŮӡ
ǣϴû賤еõôôɲǶĺô֪꣬٣ӵе֮꣬ûȫôأ
͸˵֮ǿ̻һܺԻˡ
˿̣ΪϸţһΪ䡱ǿ׳֮ȻϻûдϵĴڱлعɳȴ賤ϵĻǵ·һ
۾Թ֮ɫȴɵˣеת
̣аʱ賤˵֮ʵס𣿡
ʦ𣬵ȫסˡ
ã
賤Ͽ˫ԽԽϲ˼ϲĵѾˣǾһ֮ɣ
ͷ£賤˫֮䣬۳һţȻ˳ϵȭ֮Уϼ賤϶Ҫ֣ǿסˣմ䣬ôܾʶأ
ȵǹһѪ֣֮ʱϻ۾Ǿϲ֮ɫǸȻȫ󷨾֮꿴ˣǹž鵤ҩẔ́Ԫ̥ǡʵȵȹЧҪǰһ
֮ٱǿš
һҪҸεĸоղȷʵĥš䡱Ҫһͨ󷨣꣬һ껹ǿĸƴɱҪץסһлᣬǿԼʵ
ĥ䡱иĿģǾԼ죬˵Խ࣬©Խ࣬Ͼ֮ǿߣǰ׸ģܲ˵þͲҪ˵
ҵٱʵ̫ǿˣ֮ǿ߶ܹƭҪǻһĸջݷϢȵģⲻֻ֮ĵһʱ䣬ͱͷʶˣͷôãЩĶˡ
ţ˵ô˵ɳϺףҪ賤֪ԼǼðģĵӣ賤ϵһҪ£Լ˵ҪԼѪһ֡
˼ϳ賤ϰݣ˵˫ڴ˷ģһʦ󣡡

賤Ϻϵĵ̬ȴ֪˵ţĵĿ˫賤ϵĿϣɱͻأһ⣬ͷ˳һۣ﷢ëü˼֮ɫԽŨżһĨϲɫʲôһ賤ϵͷ֮󣬿˵ڣֶһԲĻᣬҪҪץס
ҪɱɱΧɱһŮӣʲô
䣬۾һһɨɨʱ÷϶ǳϣȴɽӽ˫ˣ۾գ¡
ʱ۾ŭɫŨֿԣҲգ۵Ķ϶Ӳɽӵ۾ˣԲɽɵľٶ
賤ϣΪԼͷأûлشĻԹԵ˵Ȼ㲻ԸŮǵΣ
ҾҲԸ
ϷĻû˵أȢˣȻϷ򣡡

ŭɫ֮У˿ɻ賤ȴһָϣ˵Ȣ㣬㿴Ϸӣ˫òãһ˲ţʵѾӵ꣬⣬ڴеˣҴ洫ӣǰ;޿Ѫ㹻ˡ
賤Ҫϡ˫һҪá˫ģж£ȻҪס
ȴˡ
΢΢һлûСӡͷأǣȴ뵽֮ǰԼ̳Ǿߵ񣬶ţ͹鵤㣬Ҫţ
賤ϿϾȱ飬˵˫㲻Ը⣿
ϸϽȫƾʦʦõʲôӾʲôǽһն
賤ɽӣصͷʵأ
һ˫ۣ޺޵ص賤ϣ賤ϲΪȻ˵Ϸµӣһ壬ɾûˡ
ϲ˭θɣ
Ȼǲɣֻǣ㲻ͬ⣬͵֪ˣ϶İɣң廹鷳
賤Ͻϵ˵һ飬۾ĺɫȻڣȴǵ˼֣賤һϷù仺˵ţ߽־
ú˼֣Ȼģ賤ϵҪҪôײǴ򲻹ģʣµľǴӦŻѰ¡
ֻǣô׾ʹӦҪȻɽӿ϶ɻ


1727 Ұ
Ϊ⣬賤ϸɴֹͣҲٴ߶󷨡
ֻһأĵȰ˵ţֵô鲿壬賤ſϲ˳賤ûа磬Ϊϵķŭޣ˺ü֡
⣬賤ϲҪǺƽ£õĺôԲ٣Ϊ˹̸ղŵĳɹ賤ʵϷҪɱ㣬ڻɣ
˵أ㣬룿
ɨȥ߳˵賤һЦΪִоżһУڶڱصãҺұ㲻ܣǰ棬ԷһҾͲòˣһõżĳҾ겻ˡ
賤ⷬм٣ں棬ѲȴǴΪ𾪣ҪõżһУôֱʣΪʲôڵһڣ
˵賤ϼ˵һ㣬Ϊһ㣬Ӧú˵㸸㵽еĶȥֻ
賤Ѿֱ֣һɫֻ֣ƺ賤֮ǰΪһм˵ƾǼõżһУǳ롣
˭˵ֻǼǵˣܶ࣬ģͻ˫һģʮŸˣΪ˾ʵò𣿡
賤֮д󾪣ҪǿǾ˵֮ǿߡһ̣Ϸǳõ˫ݣûкҶ֣ҪȻ֪жأǣϣȴ˵ЦݣЦ䵭ȴ쳣ţǳϺִɵӵ
ϲ¶һ˿ţ˵ǰȻ£õ˺ܶô˿˿һϣǾҪ޵Ԩپ
ȴ˼ɵ¶飬临ü仹ԥ֮ɫʱ賤ϱˣ壬ӲϷˡ
ðκﶢ賤ʵ֪ô࣬ҪҲͬ⣬ζҪɱˣ

أЩΣһ̾Ϣ
ˡ
һеѡ𣿳
İɣ޸˫Ǿһˣǰᣬһʹûз
æ
賤ϳɣŮޣ㷴ˣ
ҪޣҲܼ޸һΪҵ͵ˣˣܳΪҵķ˵賤ҲһЩɫȻʮһѡ񣬵ǣʱ˿ڽеģֻ˫һˣرǣ䡱˫ˣҪȢŮӵģ˫
Ͽ֪Լԥȥǰһ˵Ϊͣʵͣңұ澳ֻһ⣬Ρ
˵ʲôõģڣһ̣澳澳ʵ
ɸҴһܣ
Ǻǡ
һЦ㲻±ҵ
ҵû֣
¶м֮ɫתͷ賤ϣ˵ԼԲսģҪʧִ²ӣɲͷϣ
賤Щģϣѯţа𣿡
ʦģȻˣһŮ˿𣬸ܸʦƴ˵һҲһ󵨵ĳԣкܴķգ˳ľٶһ˫ƽʱһǾˣľƣȴò
賤۾ȷʵһȣǾ֮Уϲɫ֪ԼֹˣңЩ賤ϲˡ
˵òҵĵӣ
賤ͬʵ˵ûʲôʧģ˫ıŮˣǾ˵˫ܼ̳²ղ˫µЩ򣬾͵ǰ׷ˣֻҪһӣִ״ƣһ⣬賤ĵúܡ
ȴٴμҿ˰ɣҪ㣬ʦ𻹲֪ĥأ
㲻ң
Ц澳ѣкβң
ңǾȭͷ˵Ҫˣͼ޸ң
ߣ𣿡
ϵıģϹӶóһ˵Ӯأ
Ұ㣡
ʲôãֵ׾ﲻм賤˵ҪӮˣȥΣ
賤ЦݲˣصŮޣ̫ôˣ
֪㲻Ӧ
һߣָų˵ɣʵûһӻأϣܳܵס
δ䣬һƴߵ磬˳ϡ


1728 ֮붴
ŭǶģºˣ賤Ͽˣôһɫ൱ԵҪֵҲҪһС㹦
֪˫жָ˺ֵزܲжȥף賤ʱѾȭͷ賤ĿһȭͷҪӲ׹ôͣӲù𣿡
ʱ賤Щóˣһִŵ飬ղ˵Ļ賤ϲһЩϣʵǳϲáжָûã
һãǾ¶ˡ
׳գȭͷ
Ｋ̣ȴǽ
ȭ
˧ȭ
ȭ
ȭͬսʽϵȻϣȻ壬賤ϻԱ߿ţܲ¶ǲ¶úá
£ȭܱײ֮ϣһ˲٣ףȭظʹ賤Ͽϲɫȭôе˼
ǴΪŭҪȭͷ죬ҵ׿죬ȭͷ࣬ҵ׶࣡£ֱӳ˸üȦȻûеһ󣬵ǣʤ࣬ڼôʱҲڵǣֵ֪ܲܵù
ﵹѶŪСһ㣬ȴǲң賤ʲôˣ־ʹԣֻģѪ棬Ϸܼȥ
ϻǽܣȭͷϣ賤ϸոչüͷֽ˫ôȥȥȭأô󷨣
ɻ䣬賤۾һʼΧһΧܣд򣬡ԭˡһ£賤ȭٶȣ˲٣˫żеջС
ʲôӺ
ٶûҿ죬߳ŭˣ򲻹Ǿ䣬Űɣ
룡
Ǿͼ
ȭңΧȻҲйеʱ򣬻³˴ڵѪѪǳϺòײ³ġ
ܹӦҲԽԽģȴھţɳúÿ죬ǵǻ˱Ƶ¹ʱΪôͣھͱˣ治֪ôģ
˼սʱͻͣ˵ˡ
û۾ɣˣ㣡
ֻУ˷ף˲һڣײϣ۾ȣգۼָֻȵ󣡡
£Ӱĵطֳ󷨣ֱ棬賤ĥųϲµġ󡱣࿴˳ϼۣҲ˼˫߲꣬١
ɫһ䣬ȵˣթ
ұľ󷨣սȻõ󷨣ˣթ
㲻óѣ
ţӷŭ³˾Ѫʩչط賤ľŮ޻淢쭣Ҫˣ賤׼ʱ֣˫Ѿ˼ֵ

¡ը𣬳ϲµġ󡱣ֱӱɺ͵ըһɶУһͷֱ˳϶
úݶŮˣ
賤˵ţҪ֣ȴ˵ʱһȭҽΪȭʱӭͷȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ȭסͷ֮âţڳ³Ѫɫ԰ޱ֮ͷڱ𣬵ˣȭδֹͣٶ֮죬쵽ﻹûзӦۿҪϣɢȥܣȴŵҩ˵˵úأ
ʧ񣬼Ϣ󣬺ȵʲô£
ˣҪ޸ң
ҡ
㲻ʣ
һɱûʹȻڻ˵𣿡
ڵʵǣˡ
ߣ˾ˣʲô˲ҲҪĵҩ˵ţһȥķȻ֮ɫȴǽҩ£Ŀ賤ɣϾһУҪ˵ĴУû¶ɲŹ֡
Ǳߵ賤۾ȴҪжȭҶЩ͸˫δ·һ㰡ͬʱ賤˵Ըķ䣬Ȼˣŵԣ޸ҵӣ
ܼᶨ賤Ҫץסᣬ췹
ܲˬػصҲҪӣҪƸ񣬸Ҫ֪ҵҪˣͼ޵ģ˳һۣ˵ҪȢңûôף
賤ЦȻԵղײգҿͼ˰ɣպƸٸ㸸ףٰճһ飬Ҳһģ
Уһ
вУɲ㣡ӦҲãӦҲã޸˫СӾ͵ýˣϷˣ⽣֮УеĽǱͣǼ֤֮붴
賤ϵޱȣ


1729 ĸԸ
֮붴
⼸ֽﶼסˣû뵽ϵʦ𣬻ôļҲ賤ϵļóɣо賤ϵĿģɲô򵥡
ֳһ˵ĶӣϿϷģɿɽӵ飬˵ģǶҪǿܾǺԾӲģ賤˵ֻǼ֤仰ǳв
붴
ﵱȻ붴ζʲôȻ䲻Сɳ⣬ûбڶҪ˵ܵģǾǷǳĪˣΪ˳һɫף飬ݵϷȴû£عͷ˳һۣڲͣţ£Ǻá
賤ϵΪý˵ԣ𾪣ȴԳޱȵ̫ˣƭƭɫˣҪǴ˽ҲңǾ̫ˬˡ
賤Ŀڳɨ˼飬˵ȻǶûǾͰذɣ
Ҫ

賤ĿⲻƣʱоԼӱѹסѹҲ˵֣ˣϣԳϸоûϻհ£̻ţҪǵ־棬ҾͲϷƴһ
ü¶˼֮ɫǰĳ棬ȥҪƾ֣賤ɣ͵賤ôĿģҪվ賤ϵĽǶϣ˼
賤Ѿˣе򽣺Х˲䣬һϲʺɫ˫ϲ֣к촲ккƣһ඼ȫˡ
аͿҪ̲סˣ賤ϾҪ˵ϲԥǰ̤һ賤Щ֣ȴЦ˫ôļˣ
ʦ𡭡
ڨڨһЦ賤۾һ£ʲôֱ˵
ǣʦ𡣡
ϹӦŴ˵ʦҾãǿŤĹϲ𡭡Ҫ˵ȥ賤Ͼ͵˵˫˼ǲҪˣ
䵭ȴоɱʦǸЦ滢Դ˼Ժһ뵽˷ǳؼ⡣
ͬʱ˵ʦ𣬵ӲҪǿŤĹϣǣǽ߾ȫǿŤĹϱȻĹϣҾķԸҾĸԸؼ޸ң
賤΢ɱʧˣü両˼֮ɫϼ˵ֻŻʵң򳪸棬ǲΪʦұۡ
򳪸棡ұۣ
賤Ժл죬賤۾һĻ˳ҵУҪŮޱףһףֻ»
켴賤ϴ⣬ʵжٰգ
ٷ֮٣Ҫһʱ䡣
Ϊʦʱ䡣
賤ϵͷһۣתúܿ졣ЦŶ˵ŮޣҪãŻᱻ˫
Զܡ
˵ţȴ֮ǰ˵ĻȻϷǷȥֱ˵Ҹоӵɫֱ˷ѣ
˵ʲô
˷ѣŷûзӳ׵ʵܽʩչԻϼ¥˵ţָȻţŭе￴˼
賤ϼ״ĵ˵Ϸ
£Ϊ˲ųϵ賤ϸ㹻ؿռ䣬Ըǰ棬Ž󣬳ϱִ˱ڳ֣ȴСؽһЩϢ
Ŷʱ䶼һҲͼ賤ϵʱ䣬˱¶Ļʣͬʱ賤ƳķҲ֮֮ĥ賤ӵе꣬ʲô͵ġ
Ǳʱũоһն£һҶǣ˲Ϳήȥ侪ϲȻήˣҵ˷򣬡ƻĽնΪԭ𣿡
սڱ廨ͬʱսŴΣٻɽѾһһɽܣһɽ֮£յЧ
֪Լǰˣȴǲ첻ںţ󿿵Ĳ󷨣˼ҲûϣϷøʣǲôͱ¶ģҪǱ¶ˣǾû˼ˣͬĻҪв֣ͬͬΪͬʵˣҪҪһ·ƽεأĻǸϿ϶ҵֵܿһǺֵֻ֣ܵǲ֪ĸС
żв˷ӵȵ֮Ĵڣ˸оͨĳһƵģͬʱִżƽԭԾ˹
һߣǸ賤ϣ̤˵߲㣡


1730 
߲㡢ڰ˲㡢ھŲ㣡
賤ϹȻ̤ܿ˵ʮ㣡
ִԽԽˣ賤ϣûŭ֮飬ЦԽԽŨΪִݣѾǡΪ͡ʵСһоɱ㡱Ҫ֮⣻ִǣһ似Ӧʩչ䷢ӳܡ
˽ϵȻҪ賤ĳϣҪΪܹɡƣųϣϿ賤ϵٶȣҲǳȣ賤ϵ֮ȴǲô͸
ֹգ̤˵ʮһ㣬һռ䣬ȳʶ̫֣ҪΰӴ󣬸߲ɣ֮С
һ̤룬Ͼ͸оŨŨľԪϢв΢ǿС磬ҲҡϸϽѹסСĲ賤ϲʲô
һ賤ϴƵ֮һ賤һףЩģѾˣ滹ڣǻջö
ǺöϣӦöá
¼Ҫľ֮ĳϣȻǶģȴûб¶רע飬̸񡰵ȭʹ
ϲؿ賤ϣųϵ賤ϣҲǲ¶ۼص˵ͷϱȭľ˵ϴ˾٣賤ϵʵȴǿ賤϶ǵļӣ˺ֵز
賤ٶȼ죬ۿҪ˶ʱ䣬ͻᱻƵðһͷֳ֮Σ⴫
Ŀ˼ʾϳϣ賤Ͽȴ˼ϸղ˵Ƿ
ʱ֮賤ƿǰһֻųβ͵Сޣеò޺ɢϢȴ͸Σյζ۾ؿųһˡ
ԭɪQľ֮ȵȹΪʳ仹δܻΣʵȴǲС
賤ţҪֽɪQ£ȴ͵ضԳϺȵҪץסֻɪQɪQ͸ңҾʹӦ޸㣡
˻棿
޷ڣҿԷģ
ַ賤˵ĶԻʱס֣ǸûᣬԳͶȥĿ⣬аʾȴ˵㲻ܳȻҾˡ
һֻɪQѣ
賤ϲΪȻ˵̤ȥ£ȫðգҪľ֮Ļۣ̫ҪŲ賤ϵǰƴɱ¶ڣЩ̸һЩ似֮˵˲󷨣ѡ΢һЩ
ȭ
ֱȥɪQĳβһҡƾһžľ̺žޱľ֮ײϣȭ
ľ飬ȴǽѪѪɱȥȭ
ûпϣעȫ賤ϣֹ賤ϰг֣賤ЦɪQȻľԣȴһطܹɪQнӵ֮ԣ
ģ
ϷƭһŮʲôңطϷպ֪
Ҳţ
Ϸ򣬵޸˫֮ϷͰط㡣

ڽ̸ţȴѾ˺ۣһصӣһƬأȴϲɪQľ֮ǳ
һۣ˵û֪طĻˡ
ûеأ賤Ȼǿ˳ڲﻹţҪٴһЩ似˫ˣڴһ໹õϣ
ֹʮӣɪQŭһХ³һɫӣֱɳϣɪQֻСצץϵ
ʱµ󷨣סɫӣɫҲʱɢȥ¡ըУû˱ܣǻ֮꣬³ѪٶޱȵץɪQϻڲ
ɪQХϣȴǸѪĴֻֽۣɪQץס߾ȫѹɪQӣһҡȥ
賤ϿˬʵЦǸط벻֪ˡ
ûаɪQ͵ҵǰ
Ȼǹִ˵ţǣѾЩŹ֣֮䣬ʮ׾룬ƽ֮һգۼ䣬ִܵɴ˿̣ӣߵǰ
ûнɪQ͵㡭Уǡᵹµģ
ϽͣŤϾеɪQݸǡҵģ˵꣬һѪ۾һεȥƫУպεϡ
賤ϱҪϳ֣жأɿϣһĨ飬ϸסͣȥˣ
ͬʱҲ˵ţˡ
賤ȡһŴɫĵҩ˵£ڼʱָץסҩϽϿȥ


1731 Ԫңȭ
ϵﻳУ賤Ϲ鿴ľһͻᱩ¶ɫҩһ븹ϼ̸оһӴҩڳˢϴԼľԼȫѪ⣬ǳڵΪǿҩܸϴٺô
ɫҩ򵥣ʦã
ţ͵ط֣ЩҩڳˢЩظЩͷʱͷﴫ΢ıϸϸ̽ȥûѵѺһֻ࣬ͷϷ˹â
ʲô
׷ȥȴûеóʲôۣЩҩ굤֮󣬳ϸоԼľ˲٣΢ʹһ
Ȼֻһ㣬ȴóϾϲѡ
ϽģϽʣµҩȫռ굤УԱõľֶΣǿ൱Ϭġ
ܿ죬ҩȫ굤飬ϵľܹġĳ̶ȣֻʮףʮ֧ԶĽҪǲõҲյЧǱķġ
ʲôҩȻܽͷų
͵һѪץס֣ѣ£ɳץסָ΢΢ͬʱģͬһд֡
֮У굤˱仯ǿСҲھұ仯ţСûʲô仯ȴǳ˵ڶƬҶӣ֮ǰϳըʱöɫӱ˲١
賤ϿųϽץýһųϵӣд󶨣ֻҪǶᣬرӢ۾֮ģŮ޶Գ˫϶ء
һ¶ϲɫȴһ켴̧ͷ賤ϣղʲôҩЧȻôá
Ԫ
ԪҶû˵֪ôƵģﱾ˷ܣѿ˵仰ȴ˵ǣҲʣֲ˵
켴ֶų˵ҽ

Ͼ׽飬ص
ʲôģ˶ˣϽվҪ׿賤۾һ˵ԪȻָȽϿ죬ȴһСڣ㲻ķʲôʧչ˺ΪԪĵҲʲôɸ˵Ķ
£賤Ͻ˵˳ֻ˵һ飬ѾȫҪﻹһоӣ賤Цⵤмҩ˴⣬طҵޣ
賤仰˼ԣԼ˾ͺ˵ҪɲԼˣǾͱõ˵꣬賤Ͼųϣʮһȥ
ɪQûߣȴＸ׸סԹԵظ֮У϶ﴫ賤ϵȴ賤ϴһסңȭ
ڡңȭ賤ȴûϸֻͣǶԳ˵ÿ˵һʩչĹҲͲһеʽȭе˾ʽеһʽеһʽֹܵ˾ʽԣȭ޷̣ȫƾԼȥ򡣡
һαϲУˡңȭ֮⣬гϿԽšңȭ壬ʩչ಻Ρ
ʱϳｻ̸֮⣬ĥңȭ֮ǿߴڵĶ϶һ㣬Ҫ֮ˣǿݡ
ʮһ󷨺ܿƵʮ㣬գʮ㣡
Ȼûв󣬵ǣϽÿһ󷨣ȫңƽ⿪֮
˵ʮ㣬賤ϵüͷ֮ɫʮڣ󷨣Ӧֻʮ㣬һֻ֮ʲôڷô๦򣬲ôӦûһģԿŶԣںδ᲻νڴУ
賤ŵʱ򣬳ȴǽչ٣е罺ζ˷·˵Ļ賤ϼ״ҲͲټˣֵĻ̸˵ȻҪ﷢Լ͵һЩҪ鷳Ūûỵ¡
ԴˣҲоˣ˼֮ȷ΢Щ˻ǺСģ̸һЩ޹ؽҪ£ôԸ賤ϣǴ賤ϵѣȴֻδᡣ
ȴͨϷȥ
һֱںԣ۾Ŀ⣬ηӾ壬ϣޱȵϣ˶ӵУԷǳԼż֮أԼ˴˵¡
賤ʱ򣬳ţ󷨣ҸƻˣҲϲ֮ͨأ᲻⼸ˣоǣҲ֪ںδ
ʱգ۾Գ˵㽲һ£
ðϴ


1732 һ£ռ
ｲĹ£ġ
һ죬׳ؾһͷ׽٣׽ٺСҲûϣֻȥ֮ʱεһǸ׽֮ˡ
һ죬һǳˬǵǳ죬ޱƣ׳رߣ߷Ȼ֮ʣɨ׽ͼϵﻭ׽ͼϵģǶȹ׽ٵˣȻǷ˼ģȻУɨһӰһ˭ɻ󣬡׽СҲǸ˵Ϊֵܵģܹе˼
Ǻｫ˵˳ţ㿴һѾ棬Ҫô¹ҪôѳȥǸ˵һ䵴سޱĻﲻɱǸΪǵҪѡ¹ʱģǸŵͷˬΥ֣հǸת˾ơ
ٺÿ׳ʱῴһˣĳһ죬׳ظպÿú⣬ֳɫףϷˣȴϣϵץסϵ֮ʱҪǸ˸Ļ֮ʣϽֳһɫ
֮ͱ㣡
ĳһ죬оɫΣգʩ˳ڰ·УΪȴ˸Ȼɫ׷䣬ܸо⣬ٲٻɫס
½ˡ
۾ӣôһƽЦͦ˼֪˭лᵹҪʶʶܵõɫ׵һ֪Ϊô࣬϶౨ġ
Ȼ֪Ǹˡ˭ϲΪȻ˵ţԷһȴǸжǷɽׯܱ¹ʱһ䡰ܲ𡱺֮콵ɫ׸ְҪɫףûϣȻҪ౨
ʵҲ뿴ôһˡ
Ц˵û뵽ϼ棬û뵽ᱻɽӸ˸ҵԧף˶ʱƾһ仰˻е˼
ʱ賤˵ʮ󷨣ͷϿճһͨ賤æȵңҪ뿪ʮ׷Χ⣡ץ֣ǰ׷ȥûоܾץ֣ݳĹϵҪǲǣ֣ǾǾԵĲ
Ըǲϰ֣Żصˣ磬Ȼ¡
Ǹ賤Ծ֮ͨУͨϣɳϽ֮ͨУȴĸоæͨûֳǳֻ֮¡
켴ϾͿͨе󷨣賤Ͽϵľٶͷ˵ͨϣ£ĿǰͨںüĴ档
ϣȴǵ֮£ⲻǻ˿ռ𣿡
˼ţ賤˵Сռ󣬲ĻЩ˫Զѧѧ
ǣʦ𡣡
ûһ˿ȴǷΣռ󣿿ռתռ󷨣Ǹıʱ󷨣Ҳˣ֪ڻ᲻С
ͨԼһӵӣǰһǰһƬڣ䵽ʵϣ賤ȡһӣʱ磬ϿȥֻںһƬȴлˮ
賤һɨԹԵţ֣ôûκ󷨵ĺۼأڸʲôһǡ賤Щȷţ̶ԸǰߣѰѰ
賤ϽƬڴʱ޾еǴھϲ˵ţ²鵽ڵȥˡ
˵
ȥ½˵Ϊżȥ
ż֣ڻżΣЩȥˣ
ڵĽ֮һһ֮һ
ôֱʣܴʲôĿģҪֹǵľٶü˵ȵˮ¶ֶ䶴оӢӣٸ½żõĶǾĶǾȫ令ס
ɢȥ˲лӦʱ½϶ȥ˵ϣõĶûе֣ڣȹѣ޿ܣ
ʱڷʮһǰʱоԺǵӡ͵һ£ʱסԺ︡һµͷĪǸճСӣҲż棿
ڴ֮£ǰе賤˵ǰƴɱϹȥ


1733 
Σղ£µǲ֪Σص̫ǰͻȻ󶯾賤һȻҪȥ̽ر賤ϣЩǻ᲻Ѿڵ¿ռõʲôõʲôҪǻٻһЩǿɾʹˡ
ܿ죬ָĴ۹âȦӳ¡ըڶϿӰɱһ𣬼ޱȣ֮нΪɱУҪ
ϵעûзϣ賤ѴڣͬǿߣϲκΣգϹע賤ϣ賤ȻûɢΪϢǣϸо賤ϴǹΣϢ֮ǰ΢Դ˺УоָҲڳĶһ£뵽һ
⣬лʱռ
賤û֣ڹ۲Щζƴɱ賤ǿӣûΪıңֺôһƬȻƴɱе˿
أһΪʱѺ󣬱ֹͣƴɱһϵˣĿػɨ֮˷ֱĿ賤ϡԵϡ
ڳϣ˻غˣ
Ϣһ˵ϷȰǣٶȣ뿪ȻϷ򲻿
ô
Ϸ£ٲȥͱǲˣ£ͺȵһ


˸һ˲䣬£켴ɱ賤ȴûпһ㣬˵شϷ򼸸⣬Ϸʹȥ
ɽͷն㣡
賤ԹԵ˵ôģȥЩطôһΪʲôƴɱ
ƾʲôҪ㣿
ˣһͷ𷢣ֱֱƷŭĽëʨ֮⣬ǺŨŨĹ򹥻ӿȣ賤ϵغȳ˫ȥ˺úĥһ£ǿʵ
ǣʦ𣡡
һԾӰ賤ǰʮ״ʱȭȻëЦСޣ𣿡
ģ
Բ
ëţֻǻһ۳ϣͽע賤˵ϣ賤ϵĻЩɻ󣬡Ī澳Сӣͦ
ûǼȥëеĴΪɸ澳Сӣ˵һܸǣӶʹлɳãֻǵСѣӵùӵķۣӾȰСӸʮ˿飡
һûôһֿܣ賤ޱ飬¶һƵЦݣȴˣΪԼ͹ɵˣû뵽бҸɵģΪǡ
仰۾һתȴǻУȭ䡰˧ȭ
Уûã
Ҳڽëлµһ˲䣬ҵײһ𣬽ëаԼ뷨ϣӳϿԾּһǸɱУն賤ϣնɽӣʣ˲Ϊǡ
أ˵ĹҲҪת賤ϣҲΪֻ澳Ϊĳϣ澳ΪĽëеĶ֣Ǹ·ߣȴЩԾˣûгֵĴ㣬˵ʲô
͵أ߻飬뵽ֿܣǣûѽëУֻʱѣǰЩ˺󣬾ͻɱҪöֶܵˣһܶռϷ磬ЦֳһЩϣҪʲô¡
ԡ˧ȭ൲ȴǵ֮סۿܾҪ𣬳ȴֺȵȭʱȭ֮ڣЩҪѿĺڶ֮˲֮£һ󷨡
ȭëѾĵһֵܣݽ֮У̱ޣû˿ͣתëк󱳹ȥ
ëɱбƵһɲǣ͸о˲ԾЩûףţһɱУ㹻նʮ˶ˣôûأ
ţעųϵĺߣȴȵСģ
ֻýëܵˣýëëҪˣǵľҲüѣԣѡ
ȻѾˡ
ڽëҪйʱȭںڶ󷨣仯ȭ˧ȭȭʽ͵ر£
飡
죬ȭͬһطһѪȻ֣ѪͨĲλǵϺԥپ񹥣
ëеĵѾдҲӰ죬ʧһ룻ѪĽëУȻžʹȴǱŭţʣµܣնϣǸɱӿ֣תϣһ̶ȵĴУͣ


1734 ֮ǿߵһ
澳ǿߣʹ֮ǰĻƴɱ˲ɲС˿̣Թ賤֮⣬ë߶ɱϡ
˵ëˣڳƬ̲ͣĹ֮£̷ҩ֮ʱ䶼ûУڽëʹ󣬵ԳԻӰ죬رһëмɣ˼֮ĹӿֲοԱ߻иߣ߲֪뵽ʲôһҪնɱϵļʽ
˵ֻгһˣľƣɵӦ˵ǡġһϾͿԳ䶨˵ȵȣҲá
ǣǡ˫˫ɲʲôģҪʹ˳ֻ賤Ͼͻһʱ佫ˣס
ҽĥҪ˿ֻ²⣬ԣˣ
Ŀᶨޱȣ֮껹̫ǿ󣬲ܽȭͬʱˣҪȭҲʹʽͺܲʵԺЩĥġңȭʱֻ̣ܶһԵ뷨뷨Ҫ롰ȭһ𣬵ɻȥ
£ϽȭëУȭ˧ȭȭɵʽߣһЦоǱͿֲľԪϢ֮У͸һΣյϢ
ڴʱ賤֮űҪ֣ȴͻ뵽˫û֮ȽӴһҲã÷Ժ̤ţϷڣҲˡ


賤ûг֣ȴ֣óˣ賤ϣҪڻϣˣһ䣬־ͼٵִɫ磬ֳ֣һоʮҵ磬ڶʮҵ磬ֻʮ
ɫȴʽߣͬʱ׳һ
ͷ߾һ㶣ֻпŭеĽëУܵӰСΪֻһ˼ҪѳϸնɱһѪǰܣ
Ȼɫ䣬Ӧޱݣ˦һ磬ӭɫȴ׼ϣ
žžž
£žһ죬粻֪ǺȻһػѪҲ˺ü֡
ͬʱëȭײϣСӣҪġû˵꣬Ӿһ˸ȥҲǾҵز֮ˣ˽ëһС⣬гϹˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ɱʽֱƣҧѪЩҡҡ׹ĺڶٴγȭȻǹóϸоΣյϢƣֶܶεĳϣֻõɳȥȴһоΣյϢʲô
ȹ֮ǿϢֻ¾ǹ֮ˣ벻֮ײС
Ǳߣ׾סͷ˵塱ջеĹת񱼣ֵĺߣûͷһȥȴٴɱϣúƾٶȣӣǿ϶ӲߵģֻҪеŹֵСץܴȥ֮⣬·
ߵ̴úãϧһٶȸ죬׳ɪQɪQЩѾΨǴӣ֨֨һУβһҡŹľųߣ˫ңҪٳʱȴһɫ
ԥѡӣĹ֮ȻϬȴȡ֮ߣ֮ģɫҲЩľ壬رǱ߻ûгء
ȻϷˣΪӵ𣿡
賤˵ƽ޺Ϣ͵رɢķŵͷ߻һƬɫ¾Ѫʩطѭ
ڵϣҪƴĽëУһʧ̱ڵأѾվһ賤˵˫ţ٣ȫԼ
һ֮ǰ֮ʱûⶣңһңĪβ󷨹󷨹Ǿá
Ͻ۾󵽼£Ŀתؿţ±¶˫ǳâСڵʮɫâ
ֻ賤Ϻһֻ£صĲռƺЩƶֻһֶⲻֻǳܿĸоģкܶ࣬ϿҲо
ͷٶ͵ؼӿ죬Ҫʧǰʱ˲۳һѽն£⽣ƺ֮նͷַûУͱնûҷֻǱøõ磬ӿƮ¡
һĻе𾪣ﵽ˼£Ǵеľκˣֱ嵽֮УҲ䲻ǹ֮ǿߵһ𣿡


1735 ѹԪ
ͷߣһ֮»ҷĻ棬ϸоԼʲôҲնˣȥˡ
ϻں֮ʱ˵˹֮ǿߣַ֪֮ΪС磬ʱûʲô˲𣬼˵ҪΪ֮ѺѣҳΪ֮ķΪؿסҲûʮֵȥ⡣
̬֮ԴԽնɱԴֹϬֶΣԴǿԴΪ֮żʥżֻ֮࣬żܸ
ٺʵǣֶ˲ֶΣģ֮١ǿʣ𣬱֮ȵȡ
ϾãЩ㲻й֮ǿߣѣӦòʲô¶ǰһĻ棬ˣǳȻͣԼԼǿ˻кܶܶ࣬ȴбһʤȵУ˹
Լ̫ˣ̫һԸˣ̫Լ¶ˣ
ϽԼںͷĴϣҲͻɹȭȭȭһϵеȭ𲻵ʲôЧʵڶпܻһǣ굤ںϣʵڶѾˡ
⣬Ҫе汦űȵȷҲûǸʱ䣻֮꣬С׶ΣȻ賤ϴ䡷һţڶʱ֮üǿʱ䣬賤ΪĶʱ䣬ʮꡭ
еõģܾǿʣ𣬶ǽ賤ϷԼ˫ĿŭĻ֮ϣҪ賤㹻رֱ̬ƭҲû˿Ҳûˡ
ǣһ͸Ϣɢܣֻǹ֮
Ͼţ賤ϵռһ賤Ͽǹ֮ǿߣûʹ֮еֹأ賤ϻ󷨴ʦ
Ҫʢŭ֮£ռһʹֻҲûãԼһغˣǰеһУʧʷӣеܣԼģػģ塣
Щ˼ֻǵʯ֮ѣ뵽ЩѾóдһҪûпһĻһǰֻ̬¾ǧֶΣͱɵˡ
֮󣬾غ棬̶ƽǿǿ󣬡֮ǿߣȷʵԳ֮ȷʵܿ£ǣˣ
֪ǹ֮һΣ
ʼŶԲߣȻ˼ǧ䣬ɳϳֳģһֱǳ˼֮ɫղ賤նµһ
ΪһȽƽΪԼĵֻ֣ǣüҲ˵֮ɫϾҪӳȥ
Ծ͸˵ˣǻ˫ȸ鲻ԽҪȥҪȥʱֿ۳ϣҲһۣĲһЩ˫ҲֱȻڲҪ֪ŵĴ˵ҲֻѾ̱һˡ
Ǳߣնɱ澳ǿߵ賤ϣʲôоûУ·ֻһֻǵĿ⿴ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ磬ܲһ㰡ɫٲˣϷһҲûܻٵˡ
賤ָץϸϸ쿴һüͷջûף㽫ս˴ָûȥųϣһ̤ëеǰȳһ֣˵
֮ǰޱȵĽëУ˿Ҫ־ж־壬ǵﴦˣľʹ־ڸס־ͣײһ𣬶˵Сˡӹ󣬾䵽ˡһˮ̶һС󣬾ͳˮ̶Ȼ󣬾͡͡͵¿ռ䡣
һˮ̶ͽˣ
賤Լ˺üʮ󣬲ŵ˵¿ռüͷһƣʵأ
ëֶ˵ԼȥЩط׷һŻƶĺӰײˣΪǺӰʹ֣ƴɱ

賤һνɨȥ֮ͬǰһʵӰأ
ǡƴɱʱˡ
֪ô𣿡
֪
ëҡҡͷ賤˵ȥˡ
ˣСԸΪͣĹСˣ֮ëһӲˣǣ賤һ仰Ϸǰƹӣ
仰ýëʲô˵ֻë۾¶֮ɫҪԱ賤һЦָζ˼£ëеӣͱʮ˿顣
ëиԱˣ賤ëеԪˣ˵Ԫˣһô泤賤˵һ仰˼ŵĳϣ۾ﾫ


1736 Եֿ
ԪˣӦþߵԪˣԪ˿ǰҵ̹Ԫˣɴû˵ԪȻʣȴѾ賤˵ĻԪ˿ʲô
Ͻͷʱ£ҪģǾǿԼʵӦԽҪΣ賤ϵƤ棬ʵڲöԲעͻᱩ¶Լ
Ҹڣ뿪ĲС
ţ賤Ѿ¶߹Ҳһ飬ü˼֮ɫɢȥ۾ģһ˿˿򣬿ɸԻ
賤ɨһۣ˵£ãҪԵǵõڴУҾʽΪ²ӣ˵꣬賤Цųϡ
Ȼ֪²ζʲôǾͽ̳賤ϵһУȻ賤Ѿٺôʲô䡱ңȭһ࣬ǣ賤ϻ˺֣ܶΪ²Ӻ󣬼賤ϻУȴҲǳ٣˵оͻ漰̤֮ŵķ
ԣһϢǳ
ԣϺϵأ۾¶ȵĹâ賤ϣͷȭͷ˵ʦ𣬵һܵõڴУƴҲϧ
ҪƴУı꣬ܲƴأ
ϲıǺƷ׵ķʲô󣬸׽ʲô֪϶Ƿǳһ㣬ԣԥظӼˣҵصͷ
賤صͷԼڰ˲¥ҲǼƵúܺãǸоֻ賤˵ˣȥŻƶĺӰӰпܾŪ¿ռĹؼڣҲôֵһᡣ
賤ǰжȥĵطųϽȥʱ򣬳ϲлú⣬ż̬ƺƲ𣬿ǣַǳںһҪҵõڴУ⻹ìܣ˵ı󣬾ʲô£¡
Ͼ׽ʮͻһ£ʱ϶ʱйأǿ꣬˵仰ʱ
ȻЩѵҿҪҵģܹıʱ󷨣꣬Уȴ֪˶꣡
ϧҲ˫õڴУҲûá˼˹֮߸һǳľеĹ֮Ҫ۵ģ֮ԱĹ֮⵲ס𣿡
죬һ˲ٵطȴûпһӰ˵źӰˣֹ죬һˣ˸賤ϳһֻΪ˵Ϊ澳˵澳СӣҲܶߵ¿ռ
澳оɫǣ۾ȴڳϣ˼Ȼ˵ֻ澳ΪҲ賤һЦУ˫Ȼ澳Ϊֻ˶ѡ
£賤ε¿ռģ澳Ļش賤еɫŨ˼֣Ϊ˵ֱӵ
ϷһЩ㵹ãֱˡ
賤˵͵أ۾ɫȫʧڵİţ˭ǿ˭ʵǿܵõڴУǿԵԵĪ˵澳ǿߣֻ¾񾳽Ҳܵõ
ţ賤һָָ澳ߵѪ֮ƬƬѣ˲һƬ·˴ûгֹһ
Ե
賤䣬ʱż֮أ˴ڵӣˣ˵ڴУҲҪ³
ⷬаûˣɣң񲻸ң
ʱ賤ųϱϺƽȴЩţ賤һֱߵϵǰͣ½ŲĿⶢܲ˵ҪֶΣϷŹ㡣
ͬʱһǡǲ룬Īɽӿʲôˣͷ£賤ֶԳ˵˫Ƿֿߡ
ֿߣ
Щɵȴܾϲʲô뿪賤ϣȻһˣ©ȴϣûҳ賤Ͼ˳
賤ֵֿߣǿԶһֻԵһߣ໥֮ҲӦֻҪϺΪʦһĴڣƾǵʵʲô⣻֮żΪʦĴڣҲ١
ȫƾʦԸ
˵賤룬ȡһ˵£Զһֱϣ
Ǽõ硣
۾ŸмӵУʱﴫһϤĸо


1737 壬Ϊ
ȻãȴǷǳʵãϽӵвǹɸоȷʵϤȴĹͷиƬĸо
Ƭһģϧ߱նÿտҲȻǿôõġ
ţѾڶ賤ϱʾŸл賤ϵͷָһ񾯸֮˲ƮȥȻ賤ϵӰѾʧ˵ǣޱȣ˭Ҳû̸û֮Ļ⣬Է賤ɱһǹڰмӡ
˭֪賤֮ǿߣʲôֶأСЩΪ
ﻹһ̸̸似̸̸Ϊ̸̸Ӱ̸̸ѩ£ܵӣҺСģ賤ϻǰиһ࣬賤ϵҪĿ꣬ҪȷǷƿ֮У
֮󣬳Ȼûио쳣״΢תͷؿ˵лл㣡
˵ллӦңҴϣǵõ˲ٵĺôһΣҵҲȻġ
ȹĴࡣ
ˣҲллȥˣ׼ô죿
һü˵˫֮ǰ˵ĻҲˣҪȫҲûȥ򲻵ѣûǲҪ¶֣ͽŴڵ߳ż跨ѭ
ãġ
˵仰в֪뵽ʲôɺһ£ȴûעţֻǳ˼н٣׽٣ǷҲеİɣ
٣
üͷ΢΢𣬡֪Ѿʧܾˣе˵еķһ̴죬е˵屻壬ʲôϢУôˣ˭Ҳ֪Ҿðɣ岻ܱ壬ǰķ屻壬Ҳµķ嵮֮£ٲ÷磡ٲУٲһ
ⷬ˼һӿһʱ뵽Ȼʧ᲻з٣ţֱȻҲô򵥣֪Ȼ̤澳ûС
ˣҺоܹ磬㲻Ƿ˰ɣͻؾϲ˵һʼ˵㿴Ƿ磬Ϊ
ϵʾԡν硱⣬ԷãһĿɿڴضųϣʵ֪ղŶ˵ģζʲô𣿡
һЦʣҪܽ׽ʩչܻ벻ջ񣡡
Ĳ֪
㲻ʲôҵģɫס
кЩжλߣҲȱǳӣǣܾЩһЩʲô
ٵģڳϿˣǾϣ
ǶŹͼҪ֪ܣ϶Ϊɱﵣңţȡһɫƣݸϣ˵š
⡭
ţȻҾˡ
ðɡ
Ȼû˵ɫƴʲô϶ŷǳҪ壬ɫнٵ¶ǹɸоȴǼ
æóǼ磬״˵ҿ磬Ȼܹסҵסǿѹָоݸ￴˰죬ûʲôȴ˵Ҫģ˵ܹסɽһ֮ǰһܹס
˵꣬Ҫ绹ϣ˵·ɡ
зġ
ǿϣ˵һǸϽĥ硣켴˼ų˵ʵٴõ磬鼫Ϊأ֪ǹԽԽǿҵĸоڴʲô˼Ҫ硣
Ϻܼ򵥣֮أ
ϲǿ󣬵ԺռȵҲûо˼֮󣬳ѹסЩоӽ˴С
󣬳ѰӰԺﻹű¶֮Ӧ賤ϣǹغĴ£һע˷ϣΪйǣһʱ䣬ǲܵģǣȽĻãƳɷֽһ࣬ʱһܹʹá
ôһ룬ҵ˷򣬿ת˲䣬ַ˳ֽֽɲһϾУƷ׵ˣͳܲסĵܣǿܣҲ治˶ãӲЧʲôأ
ﾭεĳԣɹһƷ󣬳Ҳ۾һ뵽˳طĵĲϣǼõ磡


1738 ӻңӰץ
ڽĥŽϣԱ㷢ӳдŻţо÷ĳõر棬ܻʧ
ѰҺӰҪ񣬾ͷϣһƬڵĵ¿ռѰôãʲôҲûãŭ𣬿Ե۾ȻǾ
⣬ԵԳϵǵԸӵĵز˻ĽǸѪŮŪ֣Ϊû֮һЩ̸ԣ˿ǣȴ˻ָʵݺŮ᲻Ŵˣ
¿ռӿ˶ڵĴϡϣкЩڵĵӣҲͨ;˵¿ռ䣻ҲˣлҲ
Ҳײ˵¿ռ䣬ֻǷǳߵǣطʵѾ˥òˣ԰ףҪҪһʩչطһʩչǰطĺȴ
Ȼûе¿ռˣࡣ
棬УУߡǵľ˲٣ܹһӣɽٻؿ쵽ɽ֮۷壻սǶ廨һ£ȫ⣬ȴǸ廨ƺ뵽˷ǳҪ⡣
˼ϲͿҪˣСݼ֮գڵ󣬱һŮ˴˽Ů˿͸СݼʵûСݼɱֻ֣רȻȥСݼ֮󣬾⵽׷ɱЩھҪնɱ֮ʱ˲һƬҶһСݼӵһǰţǡòõأСݼеķ˼ڵǸ
˿̣֣Ҳҵȫһֻ֮ǣ֣ʹ࣬ҧѪ˵ŮҲҲŮ˺ǱɱһҪܰǣ󣬲òư
Ѿںʲô󷨲ˣũԼĽԽǸԽԽĽһն£ȻܹʮӳҶˡûȵȣͿήˣҲʱһߴ˽澳Ϊ
ˮ¶֮ˣٸ½ѾҪؾͨڣǣֶ֮ɫƺоǰΣա
޾Уһˣڸ½Ϊ󷨣ֻΪɱһ˶ڲĳһƫĽһ˻ڻţ棬źܶѰ
¿ռһУûӰѾСջ񣬱ϾΪúϸϻһ£ûпһϣ⣬ҪôĻϣò׻أֱֲˣڤ˼룬Դӣ÷ܹһʱ䣬ȴ֣ǷѾʧȥԭӦеܡ
Ҫа
Ϻܺһ޴ĸоǡʱ˵ˣǰϹôһ˵ζʱоģǰ
ĿȥӰڳ˵ǰ˵òǳᣬɾȴǲ֪֮£ԲǷƷңǻΪһ˿ΪϢûɢҲжϲóʲô
ڴͻȻðˣҲڴųһˣʱмǸ·ĹӣȭЦ˵֪λɿкӰﾭ
ûУǻأ
˵䣬д·ı˵˵ʲôţ˵ǻϵģƫţ𣿡
ľͨģҪ½ۣһǺӰ𴦣ûпأ˵꣬һˣҲΨһһŶ˵ʦ˵أ
ͬľͨĵĻһֱ׷źӰ׷ûˣǽӰץֻ˭ץģʦҲһӡ
ǷƨʲôʱץӰ벻ԼȻԩˣѾŭ֮ɫҪ׽ϡãȴֹɨһľͨģաľѾ˳ϵӣ֮ǰӴ˵ˮˮ֮˫ǰԣľͨĵģпܾľ֮ˣϵ˵Ĩˣ˵ǵĿģ
һº͵ЦݣĿģλûпӰĻɲѿֻҪϸѲһ飬ǿ϶ȷʵûеĻ±ضλǸ
ĺİɣ˭ץӰǸЦȭͷ˵ɣǴſˣѲ飡ʦԵ˵ľͨӰһһ˰ΧС
ϼ״ЦˣЦӰץġ


1739 ܳ
Ӱץġ
仰˵󣬲ˣľͨġʦ˸Ŀɿڴڵº͵Цסıմνӳ־ݣʮĿ⣬ȫڳϡ
˺Ǳ˵ץӰˣӰʲôˣûм˸˵ĺӰֻһڶѣںӰҲֻ˵ûļ
˿̣˶ԳЩ׽ˣѾǳǵԤϣʦлĪץ˺Ӱײˣ
üëһ¶Цݣ˵½ӰǣǱضм
ǣ컹ǣҪһˣߡ
ӰǾͿ԰ȫȫ뿪ˡ
ЦҪҲأ
£ðɣǵĶĻѪ¼ģ˵ָľͨģ˵㿴ĺ·ѿɣ
˳ųָȥЩɣǰ׵ģôɺڵˣտʼ׳Ϊʲô˵Ǿ仰ɿľͨ˵ı飬ʱ׹ų˵ȷʵǳѿ
ⷬ˵ľͨҲ֪ϿǵСϷһѿ֮ı鶼ûУдʵ˵ָΪڣĲˣȻˣǾͱҲˡ
һ£֣ľͨɱԣľľͨռžԵƣټԻû̳ϸΪʵҲ澳ʦһֻȭͷ˲ɽһЦͳɪQʦţȴɪQԣֶԸľͨģ
ӰδȴǽͳһŻɫֽϣϻŰ֮ʱ˵ˮ𱬣
¡ը
ϲܣץסǰһ󲿷ܱ棬͸һܣͲܸʲôӰ죬Ǿȡ
ףܲ
һĨ⣬ֱֱ˵
¶ˣϧûн
Цݸʢˣ֪Ǽ磬ֵܹסҶŷ˵ţͳŻɫķҪϣȴ͵ؿ˿̣ʽʦ
˲佫ʦǴɽȭͷԭ˺ڲģʦɫ󾪣ȵɫʲôˣ
ʲôˣ
ﷴʣͣʦһȴٶȣȥæǿףһͬʱȵľͨģ㽫һԸŮˡ
ã
ľ󣡡
ľͨһƬӣʱаľɪQм䣬ԱɫɪQȴǸޱȣڰľϱȥֻǣ̤ǿϣǿͿήȥ
˵סУҪ̫صˣһɪQ֨֨֨ؽгڳ˵֮䣬Ѿӳ˾ŷȵŷǣ
磬
Ц˵϶źܴģ˿еľȣѾȫתϲãľ֮ĻۺҪɷҪҲģҴϲأǰŷǣе󷨡
ŷǳķܣֱжȥһ룬ϳȥüͷһ壬ŷǶƲķ𣿡
ɻУӳʮŷʮŷɵϿգм䣬ûбȱڿУΧųתš
û賤Լ⣬Ϻ޹˼ɵأֳǳâʮɫâסʮŷֻһɨۼ䣬ͽʮŷķģ˸
ɿĳϣü価˼֮ɫʮŷ˻ķģһʶĸоȷʵԺҲֳһЩͼֻǣģȴЩһķıȽڸķģ˲١
ȻһЩɲСҿӣʱ䣬ҲͦĶˣ֮ǰľŷǶЩ֮״ʮŷȴûһΡ
ţһŷˣǱܣȴûйϣţתŵķӶıˣһϢ֮䣬ʮŷȫըꡣ
ʱǿֲܣͻɽ㣬ϣϼʱ򣬾ֶ̾Σ󣬿ɷܣȴǲ󡣡
ܿ
Щ⣬ѿɫƣ֮󣬳磬Ŷ˵ֻЩ⣬ЩúЩԡ

̲סЦһķԣ㻭ҿ


1740 ôأ
˵ǷǳЦϣϳ뻭ǿر˵Ƿͽע˳еǼϣ޺磬ǹǿʮ󣬶ܽݻ٣ѵҪøķʱˣǺô죿
֮ʱĿ⻹ɨˣסԣ콫նɱľͨģȴһֻβС޸ŪûͷʦǱߣӳȭͷ٣ǣǸŮӣûа˺ЩܣûйĿϣͱ˸ϡãܶӾ͸ӽˣ
ȥҪˣɲǵģοף
۾һת뵽һ⣬һ¶ֲͺҲԶս˵ܵסܣɵסʦȭ㵲סҲܹ͸繥ҵķöˡ
ôһ룬ȵʦԸСӣԸŮˣպȫǣ
ã
ʦ类ŭ޴й˵֣аһǣ׼ƴܵˣҲҪ嵽ǰʦһҲûнŮӵ˼ɴ
ȴûһ˫۾ֱֱضųϣΪ֣ڿлҪģɿϵı飬鲻Խؽ
Ϣ䣬ڻ·һʣ£з֣Ͻ۾𾪣η壬Ҳ𾪣ûܿȥֱӱϡ
оԼӳޱȣǽţ᲻ָֻ΢΢۾ŨȴʵطĲŶ𣿡
ϢĹ򣬡طġܲʧʧ֮žȵ˵طôкܶûйǣȴطĵЧԣӦ˵ҵطģЧã
û˵ɣ
ͻشٲ֮ǰǫһ棬ָųϣȵ㵽˭ôửģһڿС
ȵشһƵģ͵ؽָ˻Ϊڿлģ˭ģҿڿлɡϤ̶ȣʦҲһ㡣
㻹ʲôֶΣһʹ
Щˣ֮˲˵һử֪ʲôˣ޿ֵӣֻҵķĴ򲻹
һĻе壬ʱ˵ЩôģҿԿǷһ

¶ɻϸϸ˿ֳϲ˵ٵģôأܹƾջȴ֪Щôģ𣿡
룬ǿʵ˵ģ
ȻΪ棡
Ʒܼ򵥵ģôܲأ
ûѧ
ϲΪ˵˵仰ȴЩ򣬡ֻǲͣظңҽЩ߾磬ΪϸͣЩܻĶȴûж˵ȷʵǴⰡ
ͬʱⷬԻеľ⣬Ѿûˣ¶˼թЦݣƷᣬ֪ײĹʺˣȻײҵôܴأ
ôأ
ôֻ뽫ץסٴϵõΪʲôطΪʲôջİأ͹ˣ˵ţͳһѷԻȥţЦеǣ㲻Ҫʲôֶ͸㿴
˵ţŷ˳ȥȵǱߣʦָˣѣֻ˻ȥƴɱ׿
ּ൲ûһɫȡȵøˣɾʱȳҲǡ֣ǡ֣

ĳϣһӽЦݸʢȥ߱˵粻Ǻܵסطôˣס𣿡
״æףȥ˦һѷסףӰһΣվڳǰ־ãԼҪǵõЩصĺô鲻Խؼõֵ
ţ֣ץ磬ӳץ£ȴһž㵣ľżһЦ
á
ֱԾҪˣѾץȥһɸ⣬һֵ


1741 ŷ
ķӦν죬ǳ³ֵٶȣ죬ġرڵӶˣ˼ӿãһ뾪һϲı飬ϣɼ
Ȼ󣬳̤ǰõ֣ûüϸȡ˻Ĵһץ˹ˣϻְ·ңİǣˡ似
Ҳ˽Ϊϱסֻ⣬ｹѣȥʦҪ϶Ը֮ʱʦΪԼüʱ̵ˣּûɫȷԱˣղܵıʮٱػŮˡ
ԣʦٶȣȥڿţֻҪҽˣĸ壬ֻʲôߡѪûã
ˣϾ͸ӷˣ
ʦֱʱͻо˸һٰʮȵĳת䣬Ϸס˲䣬񣬺ԥɫգγһʦʦ˴ֲ㶼㲻
ɫǿʦǿȴҲƤѪ죬ǹͭɫƤҲһںڣ
һߣľͨļסɫˢؾͱӰʱɪQʱһҽУڿա
ڲҽ쵽ߵʱӡġУ˳ѹһʱųϺȵģղʩչǶģ
̫ˣҲϲˣԣҪܵͷ
ûϵĻһԹԵղûлģҲûӳ㵽ôŪģ
Ϊʲô㣡
㡭
ָųϣиһҪЩķŪ֣ɸ˵һ֣ͱϴˣֻ˵Ҳϲָңˣһ£㲻о𣿡
䣿
ôһವĸоæͷһֻϣЩ˵Ĳλס⣬λǿһʲô·ȫˡ

гץ·ȵ·ңҵĿӡӣдǳŽĶѼϡ֮ս
Ϊһż֮Удջ׼֣ܳ׼ǧŷЩڴ˿ڳС
˴ϣҲж·ԻɹûϵѹεôɾƲѵʱ򣬳˵ߣر֮
ۡ
ΪԹĿǵĲźǿԣѪˣѪһ£˹۾ﾹһƬƽų˵ﻹң£ҿԲᣬ֮ĶԹҲһʹ
һʣܹ𣿡
ҪңΪû˷ҾͲܹˣ
ҲΪôԣǾٴһ˵
˵ţϲһӣ˫ͬʱһˮһΪϵľֹЩ֮ʱѻ˷ȵˮ𱬣
¡
ը˳ȥʵˮ𱬣֮ǰˮ𱬣˭󣿡
ۣ
ѪԾ˫׹⣬ųϺҵģҪģҸ㣡Уҧʮָ
󣬽Ѫʮָڵﲿλֵķģģǳ϶ûмüͷ۾âֱÿһʣ
Ϣס֣Ц޴ˣȻʱ䣬ҽɣȻȫңҲȫ㣬Ҫȫģ
㻹ʸ񣡡
𣿡
һʣһȭڵﲿλķϣʱҫſ죬ʱһѪܵԲ״ĺ˳ڿС
Ԫˣ
ü˼˵Ц޴ˣҸ㣬ⲻԪˣǷˣÿһĵˣԼԪϣһŷ֣жϷʵжǿĲΪֵǿ󣡺ܲҵĸ㣬ҵķģǡúǿ󡭡
֣ǽû˵ģղ˵ֱضʮֵҪɽ˵ɴ˿ĿģȻˡ
뵽⣬뵽ȻͼͬģȻĴǸ𣿡
ϸŨŨĵ֮ɫЦ񣬡ڵǣѾûˣҵķ֣ÿԺ͹֮ǿľŵβ֮Ѫɣ


1742 ս
仰һ˵ʦľͨľд󶨣룬벻ôܵõŵβ֮Ѫֻ±˵ģҪ򵥣Ժ͹֮ǿĲôܴù
ǰõģǣʦ²òӦǰߵľƣŰٱģֻҪŹһʱ䣬Ȩͻˣʱôô
Ҳݣǲż賤ϴûжã϶ŻڿЦЦˣҲãǾҼʶʶžŵβ֮Ѫķ֣
ǿװ򶨣ϣеαװͻɢЩ³Ѫڷ֮ϣȵ֮ѪΪΪ·Ϊ֣
䡭
¡Ϣ䣬ַ˾Ȼѿ˲䣬һԼʮɵĲ¿ռ䣡
𡪡
ķ
˵ʵڻϿǰӴĲûжٽŸУȻƣƣСڣʮצʮɫοǰֻצֻ
Ųһľǣϣ˷ģʽķģ϶۾ţţﻹţһ֣ˮǸҪѺţ޵ģЩƣֻһѪ֮໯һȴԷ໯֣ˣСĲֱܲӽɢȥ
ʱ϶ҲûͣڼڵٶȾڷѭţֻδϾĲǰնޣһ
ϵľٶЦ㲻æˣһжǰ׷ѣʲôûãԹվҵĲһצˣ
ֻҾģҲĲ
Цһ֮жǿ֪
ֿ֪һȭ֮Ƕ٣
һٽһǧЦţǶٽûã˵ţĿͻؿ˵׺ǶҵĲûã㲻żһˡ
˵ǸʦĸץסУһЩ⣬Ҫ˵֮䣬ڵѭѾﵽ˿ֲʮܣʹ֮Уϲûͣ£ǽǳѨϣһת
İɣӲˡ
ûлˣ磬Ըʲôɡ˵Ծڲ֮ϣȵȥ
ȭ
պתʮŸĳϣٶȾˣǧ֮һϢ䣬͵˲֮ͷǰӵžԳʮڽȭͷ˲ϡ
Ӵӵʱ˲ˣϵķҲ˲٣󾪣׵
ϳֲͣһȭȭܻûлвȻ³һŻŻйϢóϻһ𣬳Ժ˲Ǹߣ賤һ
ǹ֮Ϣ
ʱȭܱٵһ룬Ҫֱֻ֮Ӿͱٵøɸɾϵ»ĲҲǷ֮ʣ
·££
ӶĻţֱ׷϶ȥûԻ𣬶Ǽ൲ôģ»ҲӦŶԣĵǡ
ϬĿɫ֮ǰֲ԰˼֣¶򣬡ĵģ϶
ɲ䣬⣬ȴûʵʩǰֵоо֮ǿߣ֪ܴܲϣõ׹֮ķ
ͬһʱ̣ҲںţΪܵǰãڿɾͲһˣ˺䣬һӾ͵˳ǰǰֻצһצ磬һצϡ
ϾСָʩչǬһָָצͬʱצо죬һСָ֮צײѰ·
֮䣬Сֱָ˲צצϣһѪѪѪ˭ѪԺˮһѪӵѪ
Ǳߣ³һŻٻ٣צҪڳϽͷ˲䣬Ϸץס˲צƴסڶХȴôҲܽ˦ᵽЩѣֻųϻһξ룡
ѾɫסʦȻԼĴ۾ؿųϣҵġ
ĻʦѾ˵ˣ𾪵£ں棬տʼܽŻУأԽԽѡ
پֿ磬æȵ
һһţʱˣ˭û۾ǰҰСȥˡ


1743 귢
꣡
һı󣬿ʮɵĲȵ۾ʱṴ֮̃⣬ֱ˵˶治Ҫǽˣҿ϶ܻڶֻǣצ⣬ʵΪ
˵˵ţȴĬˡ
ǱߣѾ³һŻؼŹ첨ûжǺŹ֮ĻĵһоʹǳϸоŻ֮ǰĻ˵˲٣ɴˣ֤ϵĲ²ǶԵģ
󣬳ϲŸоʹ˫еҲյ֣һԾգھʹ֮УоŷĻ棬꣬㿴ʲô
ˣǰһϤĸо
Ϥ
ϽüһɲܹϤģҪϤǺпܾ˵Ҳǹ֮ǿߣ
оǰϤоеҪҪԼļ䣬ʲô
ɾŵѪΪٱǸطŪģҲоԭ򣡡ʹ˵Ź֮Ļ𣬹Ȼܲһ㣬оóˮٸ桢Ե֮⣬ҲһȫȫصֵסŻ
вЩͷĪ֮⣬оԼ굤飬Ҳϵϻ䣬뵰ȻҶԲ£ū۲
ŽĿӳ˻ﻹǻȻûôܣϻʲô챦
Ҳûͣ£˵ҵķˣ˵ΪҪģ̸ūһʣ㣬ôҲһ꣬Ȼһֻ澳ΪΪ㲻ãĳ裡
裿裿裿
һʣţͱ˸ŭȥʲôʸ˵ۣ裬ûû壬ûС
ⷬóһγԾǰԳƹۣҲһ£ȴûʳʲôֺ˳˳衣
䲻ڣЩ̵Ķû˼䣬ܻǻЩӦͱ˵֣򵥣һʷأֻǣôᵽͼڴ½
˼֮䣬꣬Ѿභ겻ɴ˿̣ǲǿһŻĻȻʼ
겻СвŹ֣ȴûиоֻǷ˴ȥǲϵؽŹצ˺£ˡ
ϼ״ٳɣŻ𣬱ԾնۣЦһΪ֮ûӰأٶȣѾ˺ܶҲ߰Ż𣬾ˡ
㻹֧߰Ż𣿡
һõһǣʲô֪ô֪õҵأȴǲɫ˵Բ֪𣿡
Ҳл𣡡
лܱȵùŹ֮Ĳ֮𣿡
Բ֪𣿡
Ͻ仰ͬʱҲԾλϣһֱȥֱȴû⵽ʲô𣬵ʹһȥ
ˣǣӴĲȴûοԾ˳Ų֮˲ܵϣһɲǼ䣬ȵ𣡡
ϲ㣬ˡ
Ѿϻ棬һЩ֮УֻǣǿţҲûãĵطһƬѪģ
Ȼ浽˵֮Уûȳޱʵޱȵذ
ô¶
УһŽһŵڲҺľյ̫죬ԲĿƣԽԽľȵȴΪӵʵҲֱӵľǣʮӣСˡ
⣬ٿû¶һĳϣŭŭһǿѣֱȥ𡭡
סʦɵۣ𡢷ģ˵׻жֶΣľͨļû֮ǰ񣬴ݿ࣬⣬˵ˣɪQ
ڳϽĻʱӿ֮⣬кݵֻһ취ˣȻҴûԹɲɹ֪ǣΨһƴƴóһ·ҪȻͻᱻʳȥ
оѪȵȣѪʮָڲϻޱأ


1744 
ص˳ע⣬־Ҫһ磬Ķ۽ɨæ˵ù
ղ˵֮ǿߣӣƺ׼ӳ֮ǿߵ
֪׼
Σգ
ѵȳϸ֮ǿߵϳ˼۾ȫԸӵļ˵Ŀ֮ǿߵĲҲҲԣǣǰֻŵѪѣ˴ûᣬôܴԣҪһԣ
ðɡ
ｫ˻ȴţҲĲֻҲ˳ϵĳɳȻ
һ¿ռգޱȵľͨԡɪQĽսҲûз̫ĶʱѪָ趯֮䣬ʧ
ɫӲ԰ףѹҲԽԽ󣬶ǲ֮ȴǼСǣɢܣΪˣϼӿɻٶȣγֹͨͨͷΧһ̺֮Ļ棬ԳѪ֮˺ҲΪ
ڻޱȣ˵Ͱޱȵ״ҲЩ²⣬һп굤һǿʣ
Ϊǻ֮оǿֱǿˣȻǿķȺССֻôһ㣬Գ˵ȴ൱Ҫ
йȥʱ䣬͵ͷһѪǲ԰ޱȵϣȴ¶˼Цݣֻ֮оɴСɢȱҵ
𣿡
ȫ䱸оܵأڷĳ֪Ĺ䣬ųϣ˵˵ʵڻҺ㣬Ƿ˸ղŵ飬ҷǳԸѣǣڣֻһ
Ҳ
ɲˣ
ǿҵĸоһɹʮѪָУҲŲҺѪ⼱ٿή״̬ųϢѣͳƤǣ¶˳
𡪡
Ծգе۾סѾû˻ĳϣ˵֪ʲôǣжֶΣ֮£ôģɰɣһܴ֮Уý֮İأ
뵽ܾ֮ҪǰͲɴΪҪҪϲ֮УȻʩչһУЧǿΣǳ󣬵ǣֻǸܣһеһУֵõġ
ŵʱ򣬲СС֮ʣһ΢ģɫĻ棬Ӳ˳˲䣬رɫ
ֱٳϣ˲
ɫһײڳϣ۵ĹȫʧȻ޴棬ѭŵٶȺҲǿֹԪҺһʱҲǳѨϲöɵǳҲûǳ壬֮꣬ҲʼڳѪ㣬ҪѰһƬȫ֮ء
Ѫ͸Ӳ˵ˣѪ죬Ѫɣֱˣһ̣ᵽǿʵǰЩȡɵֶΣǶôһ
ľͨһʦл˹ҪһУҲܽ£ʦԼҪˣЩȴûпЦѹ𣬸Ҫģڸɫ棬õء
ﱾסϣûе򲻵֮ʱ浽ʱ̣ҡûȥе飬ȴǱ¶š
еĳϣ٣аٱ䡱ҲάֲˣΪ˲Ϣصʵ񾳽磬ݣҲ˫ǳϱ
ɪQסľͨģʦȥϵʵӣǻһȵǳϣ
ԭǳϣֲãҪ֪ǳϣҸͲ⡣˵⵹˳ϣϾնɱģ澳µߣҪԭǣиˣǲˣڴϵ⡣
ľͨʦҲǸŵͷȴɱһϵݲܱ¶һ¶ͻŹ֮ǿߵ׷ɱԣ֪ܵˣԲܻ뿪
ʶĳϣûʲô粻ȥģһΣҲܳŹȥ
ﰵƣԳ˵
ɫܵĳϣ˼ȥô࣬ЩƬѾȫ׸Եֵסɫ棬ͷҲٻա
޾ʹ࣬ûнϵйٸǵ۶ôʹ࣬ٻٵöôɾϵ־ûֺظоЩͷڷĳֱ仯ű仯ģǹͷǸħɶõžţڷĹâ
о־֮꣬ɫ棬߷Ǿſ


1745 
ǲľŵѪĹôǿᣬҪĲǽǺεȴڣһֻˡ
оȲͣϢԽȣԽܼҪˮۡģ֮Ϊ죬⣬̲֮
Ǻڳڳɳ׶ε֮꣬۳󷨣ɫ棬ȻЩ󷨻ûɫ棬ͱٵøɸɾ
һ֮âţϹע󷨣ȫںһ𣬹ȥӴɫ棬ɾഥɲǼ䣬ٻ١𣬹âһ£֮껹ڳѪзȥ
һɣֱײǾ֮УٲӰͻһ䣬óЩɣȴûʱоȥɫСԽԽ
ʱһڣӭɫȥһоϤԪϢҲİĽԪϢ
磬ˡ
Сܣ㣿
죬̻˹ؼʱѹӵ˽Ԫܣ˲䣬̻˵пӵԣͭ󣬡̻ĳɳҲơ
磬ʲôСһĻŻŵĸо̻Ҫ֮Եɣ̻ʵˣ磬Сأ
⡭
ʵЩǰһ⻹ڵɫ棬һ⣬ʮǧ϶֮Ůġ
ȳ˵̻ܣͽӴɫ棬ʱܱٻ٣̻ȵѹĵһ̣ôأҾСõǰУھת
ھתǵ̻ʩչ󹥻˽Ԫܣ¡һը죬̻굲ɫ棬ϧһ˲䣬̻깥ݻ٣̻ˣ͵̻˻ȥʱ򣬳ϻ̻Ժ̫ˣȻˣ磬Ҳһ£˰ɣ˵ʱһôĻ𡭡
ԣһ飬ĿⶢĲԱߵ꣬Ѿٷ¶ãȻı飬Ȼûи׷ʲô
һϵ飬˵ʵϣȴϢѣ˿̳ϵӻڿеɣϵֶΣҲˣﵹǿʣȴ᲻ãڻûɽˮ򲻵ѵʱ򣡡
ѴϳľУǧܴɣûм壬Ѿ֣ҪľǣնɱȻ̤֮İء
ǱߣɫѾ뵤ɫ뵤ת̺֮Ļ㣬ʱһ𣬳ϵõҵϢη˷ܡ
е𣬶ѹԱߵĽСƬҶҲήˣǿʷֻ굤飬ڵشһ㷴ӦҲûС
굤飬˵ĸо굤ںһֶζʩչʱ򣬳ϲɶ굤ĳϣϾʵڶ׷ܵ²٣ΪԴ굤飬Ҳ̫ǡ
£ʹ굤飬ɫײȥ

ɫ澹Ȼײɢˣͬһʱ䣬Ƕ㼱תЩײɢɫȫ
У
ǿ굤ĺôʱԥȥõĳϣƾǿ˵ЩͷڼţץסὫɫǿҪܳͷġ
ͬʱϻϸϸɫ棡
һ͹֮£ɫЩ֧ϽռϷ磬ԪҺǳǳ壬Ҳܼѭ
ϵӣҲڿС
һʱԾ˫۲ŵضųϣʱ߶ţܣỹֶεֵסɫ棿Ǽٵġľһƣ룬ʱвҺ
ҺʦľͨĻ¶οЦݣ
ŷӺɫһ˿޴棬ȫ굤ײɢűǿʣǿЩһû굤һ£㽫עھϡ
˿̵ľѾ˼ӣ֮ڼУüǺãǻоо֮һƬŷ
ϵӣ֧ţȥ֮ǰһ˿ϣһĻۡһڣ˳³ȴѪǳɫҺ壻ÿһʦľͨĵоһ£ȳߵǰʱ˵ǶѪ
㻹ʩչ𣿡ʵ


1746 װûõ
㻹ʩչ𣿡
ϵһʣޱȵرֱѪȴѪ£һʩչɹѾײ˴ˣʩչһΣȻܳɹǣһ˿һʱ޿̲ڷľҲǿݽޣΪǴ澳䣬澳
ȻϣǺ򾲣´һѳѪ˵ĳϣ˵ԼˣΪԼ𣿡
ȻѾʩչǾ˵˵иʲô
ֱ˺αװ԰ɫһŭȴǺѾ֪̤֮İأãһ𣿡

ʦľͨĵʱһǣ۾âӾͺûбסҪһӵϣظ˵ȷʵ֮İأ̫ˡ
üͷԻȷʵЩջ̵ĸоϢȹ֮ϢҪŨǧ򱶣̺й֮Ĺϻֵܵһɫ棬ȻֻǾŵβ֮Ѫطʩչпǹ֮ǿеһȴóֿĸо
ʥ򣬹֮ҪģĪǾǱȹǿĶ𣿡
֮ʱֵҪҸ㣬Ҳǲԣǡ˵꣬ϱӹ˵һ뷽跨ָΪָ۷ʵջĵȵȵܣȫ˵ſǸ治ң𣿡
һ£зëȴ˵ѵΪ֮İأǴֻֿɵûп澳ǿߣڹ֮еΪ˽֮ˣοЩ
ȷʵˡ
Ͽ϶ͬĻش֮УָֻǼΪĲ˵ǸӦõĽͣ
֮ǰ˵㲨˼еһԣʱһֱ˹ȥǰκβ㣬ڣ㻹ӵùצ𣿡
̵ģǲĸǾŵβ֮Ѫ֮ʹһųȣɵͣ£㣬ѵ㲻֪֮İ𣿡
Ȼ֪
֪Ϳͣ£
ҷǳɣǷ֪֮İء
ϻ䣬ɫ䣬֮İô򵥾ģղŵһУǳŻƤ죬ԴóЩ˼ɶѣڿûá
Ѿпʹֻܼǿȥڳ̬߰˵Ų㡣˵˵ڸȥ˺ʱͽʵ뷨ˣǿпƶƲˣ٣˱٣ˣǲҲûʲôˡ
ǴˣһزװǻƣѾûˣʵʵİɣƷḶ́ϸ˵һ˵Ҹһʹ
Ҳ֪װȥûãȴЦ˳õһ㶫
ϲٿ˵㲻֪˭ҵĶҪҵһǿȥǣ֪˭Էһֻʧˡ
Ҳ֪˭ʲô֪
ͻش֮ǰȣȫˣ֪躰ˣ˾ǿˣֱóɿأ
ųϵĻ£ķƣȻȫȥţ֮ʧצʧס
ֻһգ۵ĹǰݵĲѾȫûϴںۼʧ䣬ǰ汬ѿķˣԭһѭȥٶޱȣģָԭĿЦŵβѪҽһ죬ѾҵԪںһͲܽ̾ŵβѪΣԶҲܵ顣
ͷҲûص˵Ȼ벻ǾͲ÷ˣһ̰ɣϽոջ۵һЩ۳ɡȭ˳ȥ
ķˣ޵ֿģȥһţȥһ𣬿ϵЦ飬ȴǸŨˡ
ΪԪʯ̣̾οֻ꣡
Ļ¼ӣ˵ˣаˣ㷴ӦûУŵ˲Ѫζ

Цһü뵽ͭˣ뵽ħ˵³ԡ
ôԣûõģ


1747 һ
ץס³ķˣͽЦЦʵкǾţ̵̲ˣҪǵķˣ˼У˼̲ˣѵûа취
ԽǵģԽʢЦԽ죬ҪͨǳЦóܲˣʹóϽ˻һ
ϧǳţϣû˻ٵΪжǳҪľŵβѪٵˣһŵβѪҲˣǿɲá
Ԫ˱ɷˣһ̶˵Ѿ൱ڱˣֻϺ⣬ߵԪˣ
²ȻЩ˳ԾڰԼĳ˵㲻ʲôԺ賤˵ĽĻץסˣת
ͬʱϻһ׼ǾʵڲˣǾٰһ˾ôģͽôȥ
תжʮϢʱ䣬¶ϲ⣬ȷϣ˱ˣɫ䣬еĿ־壬ҲѹƲˣ˿ĸҪʧˣô侲ô򶨣
ſ־̫üΪͣգۼͽΪյа澳ΪӸ֮һûˣȴûиоһҵķˣ㻹ҡ
ܿ죬ȥ
һӺ󣬳Ͻȫͬһ˲䣬Ҳٵøɸɾϲ鿴ڵžŵѪ
ŵѪɵͼǺӣЩơ
ϻ꣬Ѫע꣬һ£˷ܵضϼ״˵ֻҪ˯һˡ
켴˻ȥٽջһϱоǿ࣬۾һתҪ賤ŸõĹЧͲܴκһǿĻᣬǿһһ֡
ǺϼߵʦߣʦĿǿҵȥǽʵӣ¶ļ⣬ʼҵزԼǳϵĶ֣ο˵֮ԣʦʱں
ʦڵĲǲɱԽɱԽ֮ǰûнĿǵŪף֮Уʦ˵Ҫܻһ
һ𣿡
ʦӿ־壬Щµ˵Ҫôϣ
֮飬ϲŭ尮Դѡһ֣Ǽֻ֣ҪһΣҿԿǿǣϾҲϲ
һ£ϼ˵Ҿã㻹ǷŭȽϺãҲһ㣡˵꣬ϾͽʦѪ֮С
ʦҪŭѣǰ˿ɲǰЩˣоѾʼʦоֱҲŭҷǳ£ѡ壡
˳㽫£Ĺ֮࣬˵һ˵ɣϴȻ㲻Ը˵ĻҲǿ˵꣬ûмʦľͨ˹ȥɪQصߣ˺󣬳Ͻľͨĵһн˵ˣܵˣ㻹أҸ㹫ƽһսĻᣬʤˣ뿪ˣԼ֪
˵ģ
ľͨЩţлڷأʵ̫ˡ
ٲ֣ûлˡ
˵ȳ֣ڵȻûе۷״̬ԪҺѾʼӿˣټǳҲ٣ֳ֧ӦǰһսҲ̫ȱ
һǡȭȥľͨɫ˲䣬̧־ޱȣɢŹ֮ĹʩչȻ֮껹ھУǣЩڶķֲѾǳȭʲô⡣
ľͨĵĹ֮⣬ûȫѵȭ켴ĹľͨļߣľͨѾ֣ǱߣʦûпڽĹ£Ҳûʲô־֮ɫ
ʱȭƣľͨķֿ˵ģҲؾˡŻԪڤٲʦϣԪڤһʦΪ
ȻʦߣΪ̫ںΪ̫ͣҲӰ죬ر𣬻ڷٻʦĻˣҲʼ˵Ϣžţʦ뵽˵
ųϳֶԸʦʱ̣ľͨĿȥ˲ģҾͲţղһûжˣʲô⣬ֻҪʤУ뿪㱯ߵʱ̾ͻ٣

ϼһУ˵ˣҲ˵˵ľĹ£


1748 һܣСָӰ
ϣ㱾Ŀÿһ㡣
ﶢתаٱ䡱ٴα˫ĳ˵ЦҲԼϧɼ仰źεĺ壬ϵĹͷ۾ˮסȵȽĻϾԼ
ڣߣʲôӰûã滳˵Ǽ٣
Եɣ飬Ҳǿ󲻵ãڿ˵ţӰԶˡ
ʶһõ⣬һûôĺ¡

˱̸߱ţ˵һŷףϽѪθСںСŮע󣬱ϸϸϲɫÿһĻεģóķһСƷ¼飬ĥ
Ѿһкĵˣ죬˲ֶΣʦľͨĵĿУ֪˲ٹľϢһЩرʦ˵ĹĹóǳ
⣬ľͨ˵Ҳвο֮⣬׼ļ⣬ľͨĻ˵һҪϢǾ֪ľ߲һרڳϵĲã񻹲ľ塣
Ϣ͵뵽ԼĶλٻûе飬һʱЩ׹ЦйѹԭΪûн½٣ѹƵ÷ǳãûзſԵʣˣ˼ҸͲ֮ǰڣҶľ֮ĻۣҲˣľУֻˮҲʢɣнپۣҲãøһЩɣҸպÿ֤֮ǰһЩ²⣬ǿɣ
ȻҲûȫʦ˵Ϣų״
ʦĿ־֮飬ľͨĵķŭ֮飬ǿ˲٣ûһ̨ףҲΪ֮Զ˵ˣȻԤϵõ
Ҳһսе˲ٺô澳Ϊọ̃Ȼû۷״̬սżѾ֮
ҲŴˣԶԳϵϣŨ£˵Աʹ֮ԶţҺԥȥִУϾһȻû¶ĳҶС
һսҲ˲ٺôֻǵ̻Ըȥ޸ˣ֮꣬δ֪
Ÿʱ֮󣬳ϴӡƷ¼̧ͷ֪ʶһ飬˵Ȿ飬Һֻܶǲ֪ϣܲڷֽϱôã⡶Ʒ¼ҪǸֻ·˻ɣ
󣬳ֶǧŷɸ̾ýЩ˹ȻҪǵһһʩչֻҲҴĪ鷳ںˣҿԽЩԸǣӦÿյЧ
Ͻǿźӷһ𣬶Ʒʣմ˻õҺ壬ڿհ׷ֽϹҪ֮󣬲湴
Գ˵һ£ľǾȵ⣬һܳͻˣЩǳϺܾͨģлɱڷֽϻѶˡ
Ŵˣ󣬳ڷֽϻ¯ĵزʱ򣬳ϿʼϹֻóϴֲǣʻûϻһķģͱѿˡ
ǳܲס֮ʣ
ϲ²ţЩΣô죿ҪҪһ֧ʣϧڵˮƽƳʥҪ󶼴ﲻǲǱȻٵķʸ
תһȦǻصϣƣĿŵʵЩΣգһСģ˫ô죿
˺ð죬ϵĿ⣬СָϣĵҪ˵ǿСָǿò񻰣Щͷйϵǿһԡ
ϱСָϹ˷Ƕģ֮Իģֻõһѭ֪֮֮ӲӲα֮ǿߵĹ賤ģܲӲӣûǲҪӲӡ
ΣûóʧܹϻСָҲûбѣֻǣúܲףٶȷǳǳʮʱϻûлһġ
Ȼһ㣬Ҫȫģֻ»Ҫʱ
ϻ䣬͵ضǰ˵ǰжϢ䣬дǰ洫ΧסӰӵһץס
ɣһףµĻ𣿡ԺǱģո˵꣬۾һӰԾȣĺӰۻɣ
ǰλסӰӰ뿪¿ռĹؼһ˱߿񱼣߶Գ˵˵ΧסӰ
ϵȻɺӰӭźӰȥδգСָڻţȴЩףΪǺӰ֮ǰϿЦ˵


1749 Ӱ뻳ץе
ĺӰˡ
ʱ뵽ϿЦɨ۳ϣĵڳ棿ϣɨ۶Ƕʮϻ٣лŮ֮󣬱￿
ôˣ
˼ںӰô͵˹ľ֮УϵľٶѿЦǵĿ̫ˣñܹ⡣

ף۶ߣʱ׹Ҫһ䣬һ긾ŮȴǼӰŮȥˣҿһ֣ŮնɱȻӰͻᱻŮĶˡ
긾ŮĻ䣬֮ǰóǽӰµĻӾصŮˣӱҧ˰˼ûз㣬նɱ˼
ʲôȻŮˣ긾ŮŭˣĶûˡŮˡ֣պʳзһӣһֱնӡ
նֺƣЦŮôˣôնɱ˼ңǲǿ˼ñÿĳñУŮˣŮˣŮˡ
㡭㡭㡭
ôˣ

ŮˣƾǼëնɱҡ
ӺţٶȿûϷֺ۾ԽԽĺӰ˵ӰûץͺҪɱ˼ңɱ˼ңӰô죿׷ôãɵ
㡭
긾Ůһµ²֣˵õȷʵȻʵ̲긾Ů˿ҲòΪΧЩͶĿ⣬ѾܲˣһߣǷǳ˵ҪǸϷ򲻽ĨȥĴڡ
Χ˲ɵͷ긾Ůֻ£ȴǼ䲻ɨۻӣ˵Ůˣһָͷ
긾ŮĿ⣬ϣʱԹ긾Ůĺޣ֮ӣŨСǳ£һŮ˺һ𣬿϶ɧ꣬㽫Ӱסˣϸϳǧ򵶣Ϊ֦
긾ŮⷬȫԼͶʮ˻һԹĿ⣬ȫͳϿЩ֣˵Һûɣôң
Ư
ô򵥣
ǵģô򵥣
˵ļ򵥣Ƕ긾ŮԣŮܻ˶꣬Ը˵ϣűϰĻӣȴ̫򵥣ȫźۼģƮƮ仰ѾΪһУԴȡ
ͷһϽע˺ӰϣӰǳܣһ򶼲ƫ룬ססһס
ۿźӰԽԽʸŨӰΪʲôᳯ棬᲻ʲôΣգǣڲûֲС
ʱӰײﻳ
һײûʧޡ
ţ׷ٺӰĶʮˣ˸Χ룬˲ɨϽôûʲô˰ɣ
ҡҡͷȴЩ죬ȳϼȥǸ긾ŮѾȵ꾫ѺӰȻͰˣ
콻Ӱ
㣡

߶긾Ů˵ԩ޳ΪҪɱң
ΪʲôΪҵʵǿ
𣿡
ЦȻ˲֪ͱҲˡ
ʱǰһЦ˵λС㣬ŮһʶӰץסˣ𣿡˵仰ʱ򣬳϶ס긾Ů긾ŮеĺޣŨ˺öࡣ
ˬأصץסΣץסΣ
ȵú˵Ӱ棬£ⲻȫˣ

긾Ůͬ⣬ȵ˭ǰһұ֤ҲӰ
Ż˭أ
긾ŮЦ˵ҽŻҪȥĽأӺȵŮˣӵôģû˼ҵв𣿡
£һն£ܺȻ긾ŮҪȥĽţӲǱն˻ȥ긾ŮѿھҪӭϻɱĿ⣬Ȩһ죬˵ŮҲдʱ򡣡
긾ŮֱҪѪӵĿ⣬ӳɨһۣұ˵ץŮģգץеģǵܹϵֻҪץסеģӰΪˡ
ܺá
ߵͷͬ⣬ߵĿ⣬Ҳضųϣһռ䱩
һ˲䣬㶼֣


1750 ǬϢ
ţ
ҪץʱЦƯС㣬ʲôҪ𣿡
￴ϣ˿̵ĳϣϻŷڼϵ£ûжģȻϷǳרעɻƻܣҪ׼ɱһ飬ȴǱϲ⣬ӻһֵĸоϸ벻ָоӺζ
ʩչ֮ƣûõģ
긾Ůһ£г֣ȷʵʱ䣬ȻĥףǣϻĳЩҲûеԺ׳ϻ˹ؼʱ̡
ͼ˺ƣ˿ţֻǵ˵ץӰ޷Ū¿ռİأҵڱأӰȷʵ֪Ƭ¿ռǳҪһطܾҪĶҲԴȥ
ǵĺһӼЦһ˵ǣһǰᣬǾҲ뿴Ůˡ
幫һһεɺ꾫벻ѣָ긾Ůϸָһָ˻ӣ
С㣬ȷûָҿһֱڰ㰡
ʮֿŵĶǽ䱸仰ɱ̫ˣΧ˿ɲʲô֮ΪڱأЩΨͼˣʲô
ǵģһֱڰңˣ
ҲôúƵģһ˵ƣûаֱץסβ͵ӣʼ硢̯֣ЦС㣬Ǹᡣ
Ǹ긾ŮȴʮֵĻӻûбҧ޴ĵزȻ֪˵Ļζʲôæſ˵ҲҪ꾫ĻץסӰܲˡ
һһ˵ǲ⣬ôҲ⣬ҲԷܺӰԻٵӰţǿһԡ
˻һոջͬӹ۵ҪץϵߣѾ˵նɱˣðźӰٵķСˡ
һ߶е׷׵ͷͬ⣬ղŵɱЩȫתĿ꣬˻ϣ۾˿˿ת˲ţǹҪֽЩȫնɱĳ嶯ǿпЦ޳ɽǸŮˣǳ֣һ˾ܽնɱǣҪҶ֣ҽòҪ
Сӣ˵ҪͲҪƫҪأ
һۣЦһЦת˵Ůӱҧģǿûжټʶп֪һЩʲôɣ
ʲô
˵ڹһӵ˵Ǭڣ
Ǭڣ
ü˼ڽţרעڻĳϣѣȴ͵̧ͷŻӣʱоĿ⣬ӭĿȥЩ죬ȴЦӣ˵Ǭڣ
ϺֹɽѪ븹ʱǬѲĸϵǬħʦһҪһȥɣôطǵһ½ҲûһǬڵϢ죬Ȼôһ˵³ˡǬڡ֣
ˣȻŹֱʵǬʲôˣ
Ǭڵӣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻ɢһ֮ɫоΪǬڵһǳҫ飬ȶģ֮ǰֶԻӵָоԴںˣΪˡǬתԭ
⣬Ժﻹ˼ӻԺõǬڵһУͻӸղֳļʽԲõϢ˵ᰵ塣
ֱӵİ취ǽ£ȡ侫Ѫأٴҵʩ֮ԴõԼõһУ
ֻǣΪֱӣҲпΪЧİ취ϰһ㣬Χǻһˣжʮ澳Ϊǿߣһ֣ͻӦЩĻ̥˿϶ץסԱ㽫ӰԼУȻܹնɱ澳ǿߣǶʮǾδˡ
ڶ㣬ô˵ԼҲǬڵӣΪЩͶʩչǰֶΣգѰǬڣǬв֣㵽£Լ˶ԼǬڣʦأ
ˣǷǳ֣ʹ˽ҹɣȻǬѾˣͲȥ˵ţתǬתһָָ
ӿһָɫ䣬ѿںȵǬһָ켴ʳϣ㾿ʲôˣôǬ似ʵ˵ǲɱǬڵӣӶᵽֵģ
ʣüͷǬڵӣһ룬Ǽ仰͸Լһñӣʱɫͻһ䣬˵Ǭڵģ


1751 գֵð
ɫ䣬ӵŵģԭߵʵǿֻҪסߣǰƾƿز٣˵вգշлᣬȥ֤һ
ӣţ
ߵﾹȻ˹ζЦǾչˡ
ĽѪӥõĵطӾ˵ԵС
˵ǻԵˣԵסС
£ĽѪӥֳЦݣֻĽѪӥˣˣЦѿĽѪӥЦң
˵ţĽѪӥȥС벽Լ̬ŵúܵͺܵͣνĻԵƽ˵ĻԵȫһǰԵܹԼסֻҪ̺ˣˣˣԵ͵ˡ
״ЦŨĽѪӥ俴ȷţһһΧɨۺ󣬶ų˵˵似Ǵģ
𾪣Ǭڵʲôͷ֪٣ȴʮ㣬һǿӲ֮ˣײˣȴǬڵ⼸֣ͶԷ
в²⣬ѵǲҪӰˣ
Ŀ˸㶼ĽѪӥĽѪӥ˵ӰϷͲţԼͲȥͲ뿪ط㲻룬ͻٰɣ
˷ߣĽѪӥﻹȥˣںӰҲ̫ںˣںģǷĻԵϵҲʮֵ⣬һΣ׵õĿģֻǣº󻹵úͷ˵һ˵͸¶֪ҵ֣ΪҰ£
꣬뵽Ҳգյľǡ뵽Цݸʢˣ˵ܽ˽ҿң
ǶˣǵҪҹȥ
۾һ䣬˼δͣȻǬ磬żӦò̫ǣƫƫǬڴ˵ҲˣĪż˵е̤֮ķ֮⣬ҪġΪ֮Ķ𣿡
ģȷʵЩɿŷֲ˻ɣеĻҲһɣôҲϸ֮ǿ߰ɣ
ŵʱȻ˵ȻҶνҾͽӰ˰ɣļʽϼĽѪӥһνӣĵ֮ǰǳںӰȴ˵Ѿ˰գܹõ֮ܵİգ˵Ļͺ˵ͨˡ
ʱ߻ס֣
׼٣
һ˺ӰӾͻ㣡

һƣ˵ôҲûãûĽݵͷһ㶼֪ʲôԭ𣿡
ĽѪӥһ飬СӶ֪ЩʲôѿںȵʲôԭϷƶǲһ٣Ҳ졣
ЦΪѾеõ֮ܵİ취ˣԣȻˣ
˵
ĽѪӥɫ䣬۾Ҳǲƣ긾ŮҲ˵ĿڷϴתЦһǰı֣֪˵û˵ˣܴҶѾµİ취зˣλǲţԽץסһԣҸҿ϶ĽѪӥƴ
߳˼Ҳûӣһ㣬Ҳͨ͸Ҳ뵽ĽѪӥҪƴֻǬںܲ򵥣Ҫһɡ
ʱ˵Ǵڵӣ֮һϵ賤ϵĴˣ
ʱ߶ųϣĽѪӥҲ۳ϣȻ֪ôһϢƲǬڶǱȴڸĴڣǣҲǵġ
˵Ǿ𣿡
۾Ҳû̫ں飬ϴеõԼҪһϢղִһǡ˧ȭմһ˵һȭ֪ȷʵǴ֮ϵġ
߸ԥһָֵǺҪҪɱҪٵ幫ﲻ֪ʵͼȴǷǳϵأһɫ
ɫȻһ
ڿУղŵΪɫ䣬رˡ꾫긾Ů¶־壬ǿɲ˵ģɱġ
ò̫ںڳϵ֮У˵峤֮ӣȻֺ۵һӣǺܵ峤ںĶӣ
ϵĻЩţǰгΪ̵棬ûлɳϵĻԲľŰڳһںļʽ
ǣǽնɱ˭Ҳ֪أзգһ룬ܹõ֮ǿߵܣգֵð𣿡
һ˵ߴĿҵضŷ
ʱӰ֣


1752 ҲУ
Ķٲȡ㶯ľƣҪȫܶдѣΪһ㣬Ŀûеóѣǲѣ
֣˫̤˲̤Ųʳָƿָ
ָģȴ긾ŮĶͷ
긾Ů󾪣û뵽Ȼǹɱ𾪵ǣ긾ŮԼãѪڱ긾Ůҽʱʳָ϶ͷм䡣
ʱһ죬긾ŮԴķѵؽ俪
𾪣˶澳ǿߣ긾ŮǸս澳ʵЩѷɫҲڱһиɱȴʵֻ˵зĺǿһǿ
ĽѪӥһϲȻˣǬڵӣһ㣡
ҲΪ÷ǳף̤ȥľŲǡо̤ʳָǡǬָеһָ
ʽҲʹǣ㻻ҲһָɱȻСָĻҲСָ˹ͷġ
ƶЩĪ棬֪أ
Ͼȫпܣ似ʦʦѧħʦħʦִӱѧãִˡ
ഫ֮У©
ͬʱ긾Ůʬ壬ߵǰһ״ЦС㣬ҵ֮ǰ֣ɷһʹҪģ뿪⴦ط𣿡
ûһ˿鲨ҲΣҲ긾ŮɱҪõĵƣҲСڷ˵ûлشȴתͷϡ
Ҳϣ֮ǰϻʹǬ似ľѾûˣǣҲûЦݣֻһƽ˵Ǭ似飬ǴڵӣʲôˣҶˮʯڣǿһѣȳطԹԹ
ã
ϸɴһ֣÷ССһ£Це˼
ȷʵܸ˵㣬ǵĶԹô򵥡
Ц˵˵һ䣬̧һָ켴ϲ磬̤ȥԽں󣬿ӭĿЩ˸ԵȳҺҪˣһҪľָоһص֮Щ˿ҵĿ⣬϶һʱҾͿ԰ϻˣ
뵽ЩԻͳ
ųϵıɱһĵղŶƵİգѷһϷںأǬ似˭
ţҲ̤ǰĽѪӥ벽ϣҲβں󣬷֮Уﴫʵ㲻±¶𣿡
ҺҪңҲΡ
ǸöʶģҪ򵥡
ЦǰһǸҪǴСӡӻ֮иܵ˳ϵϣҪ˵ЩʲôʵǺӰô¶ΪʲôᳯŪ𣿡
⣬ɫһ죬ȴ˵Ӱ˵ôãڷһù۵ģȻòŮӣǣͳܹˡ
ҲУ
˵ţšȻ֣Ȼ⣬Ƭ¿ռ䣬òŮӻкܶ࣬ǴȻΪһ磬Եҩʩطȵȸı
ŷ֣òȻ֣ܿ£ȴһַǳһøС
벻Ӱİã⡣
ЦŴȤһ䣬һʣϵĵһģɣ磬һģ϶ǲģϧϲûģȻҪܹ²ٷģȴ⹴󷨣һܺõѡ񡭡
䶨ϿʼѰʵͬʱӿһۣٶȶȻӿ죬Цٶȣһ治£
£ȥأЩԾǰ˵ٶȣΪҪϲ٣֪Ҫǳϻϵ֪ǬϢͱ˦ˣʱ򣬳ϵٶȾֻʮ죬ûдﵽܳܵļޡ
¿ռӰֻһҲһˣԲͬķʽڲͬĻԵ֮£õӰָ
УΪ˵ľ棬ս¿ռ䣬㱻Ӱײһˣ˳д¿ռ⣬˵ȶûܵõ¿ռ䡣
ЩУǵջҲǲС䣬ڴһΪһٲݡ似ս廨һЩ
֣ǧ֮Ů˼ˣģ֧ǿ滹кܶʻģʵŮڵȥȣѾм˼
ʱ޾УҲ̫ƽ


1753 ֮뵤
ˮ¶ֶȷʵһЩС鷳ؾڴ˷ɱŶԷ׼һƴɱֶŽʣʮӣĹԭ
Դ˷ɱֶ뵽ģǴڲµɱֻ֣ǣȫнȫնɱʵһ˵ȻˣͲɵĳŶԣǣǾˣ˶ûʲôˡ
ʲôı𣿡
ֶʱ벻ͨ͸Ҳƴɱؾͨ󿪣Ϣܿʹ˳ȥԽԽˣŸԭ򣬳ؾ棬бרΪɱ˶ȥˣ
ãǸҲ֪˸Ϣͬģüͷ壬ǰһӵĶڿ϶֪·ɱҲȻΪʲôûͷβͷǳѰζˡ
ڣվһι㣬ţΪ㣿Ϊ˭Ϊ㣿˭Ϊ񷣿أδںη
żĵ¿ռ֪ܶΪѰҺӰʱЦ˻ʵ̫ˣȻһкӰ˹Ǹ֮бô꣬ڷ̩˺õĿˣһ֮У϶ܹǸӡ鷳治иʱٰСץݺݵĥһСӣȻ棬ô
Ƿ
еĳϣͻش˸磬֣ǿӣôܡţЦŶȤʲôˣ
ʱԺζܿ˵ӰйůʳֻҪǰãٿۣҲĸԸ
벻ˣ棡
ͻأڴоæ̽ȥ˲ҵԴأȴǾ룡
˿̣棬Ѿû˾ֻʣ룬滹顱ߵһϾɣ֮ˣǾأ
ԹЩʱ䣬ߵײǧ֮󣬴һֱĻ꣬һϸСѺ۳ϡ
ܿ죬ѺԽԽԽԽţ಻ϵġһһѺۣܲϣ̶ѺɶڣһŹ˳
â֮ɫ֮ǰ֮꣬ֻ࣬ǣϸоϢӺءӣƷõһ
̣˲߰˷ӵӣ֮꣬ȫƼ֮ȫͨʱ֪֮һεõʲôô
ʱڵЩţǿ֮ĻܲЩֲòţЩ֮ȫΪһ壡
֮괫ݸϵϢʱܹһʱڣϵ壬ħУֽ׶ܽģħеǾʮħޣһȥ֮󣬾ͿЩöħ޵һȨң֮ǿܹħ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬ħʵҲԽԽǿ
òҲҵҪɣ
ϾŵʱƼ֮꣬תѵ룬Իĸˣ֮꽫йâȫٿһ
Ȼ֮껹ûп˵ɳѾظоֻ̻˵֮СãǰΪ̻꿪Цڿֻµ̻ǡơѾоˡ
֮УҲûǿķ
˵ţȴ뵽Լͼڴ½оЩͼھ£ЩĹɣȫ֮꣬ϸо֮ϲ֮顣
֮ȫ֮֮꿪ʼڳϵѪ֮ιƺѰİ֮ظо֮ǳѨϺЩͷĵططʱҪö࣬üĵֻڴʱǳ
Ȼ֮ûдüĴֹ䰡ģ˳ϵĵﴦ˵֮겢ûбеǿʣ굤ȵȴסܵ棬
Ѿˣټ֮꣬ԺҪ￪ڿռ䣬治֪ʱŪʲôĿռ
ϿЦţȴȻ뵽һҪ⣬꣬Ӧô𣿾֮꣬Ϊʲôҵĵ֮У
һʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬ǳѨϣдʱ˾ȵȣȴҲҿ϶ֹ˲ʱ󣬳ϽʵоʱʱͶĿ⣬˵Ǭ֣ҵǬתûת꣬ɲУץʱ䣬ھתݳȴʱھתҵǸɱУǴʱ
һһݣоİ


1754 ǫ̂࣬
ϸһݡǬתĵھתбˮɵĸоǺľͼԶչų󷨣֮תرĿ죬ǰһ󷨸ոֳһ󷨾ͽݶȳݵٶˣ˿ɲֹһ
飬ң
ӵĹ򣬳ǰ˺ܾöûĵھתͱֱسǰʱ򣬳ϻûлصùϲʵ̫ͻȻˡ
һֱƳʵģܴһǾݣݾȺľֺʱ䣬Һʱ䲻һݳڣ֮ƼЩšϵģڣ
κ󣬳ϲ֮ǿĺô
Ϊ֤ԼΣռѭεľͨܿ죬ڰʱ֮ڣ㣬ͽռѭΡͨһһ˿
ֱռѭΡһ㣬֮ѶȣϽŵ飬һ·֮ûݳŸʵС
Ѿ㹻ˡ
¶Цݣ֮ȫһͨȫռóϵʱ䣬ϿԽЩʱ£续֮ࡣ
ȻôǰǳѨһ֮겼ãҵǳϤһһҲװ׵֪
ǺϽԼԺǳͼдٻеǳͼȵȣȫ֮֮꣬ȥĥ
ھҪҵ㹻ٳķǬתٽռѭεľٳʱʵϣ
ʱ͵ͣ˽Ųǰŵģһ׵¡
𣿡
ĽѪӥվڷ󣬶˿̣ˣʮŸˣǱ˦ĸ̫óٶȵߣƲѵڵ¿ռ񱼣ֻѾƫȷķ
ûлشĽѪӥץסϵ֣ȥԼ״üͷûһ£Ծ£һЦҲ˿ǣȥʣµߣҲԾ¡
£ûо׹Ḷֱ́һ㲻ϸûʣȴ͸ºƴƣֻһţžŸ
һ̤빬֮УײĺӰ˳ֱһţܵУӰʧĶȻС㣬ϣܹٴףˡ
ٴҲ˵ҪźӰĵط
ȴţӰţһžʹһӰĻǾŸţǾŸӰǾžš
˼Щˣȴھϲ֮УҲȥܳϡǣתѰżıأɾ⹬֮ˣνΪǿһкôġ
ûжģǳ˼ϷˣתԷ˵Ǽ֣㲻ͿԳû𣿡
۳ϣЦ㣬ȻҪģǻǷֿãټ棬ɱҲԷſֽ
ţһָղźӰܽǸţ˵ҪǸȥ㲻ɣ
Ϊʲô᣿ҲҪǸţϣ
û˵꣬ץסԣǸ棬ϵļⲻһ£˵Ǿ仰ı⣬ǼóϲǸţΪòô򵥲ŶԣǣϵĻش𣬴ϣֽ˼˽ȥ
ӣĸţ
Ǹš
ȥﻹ˵ţҾ⣬ʲô
ڳһʧúãӡϡ賤ϡ䡢衢֣ޡȵһˣӶѰȥ
빬֮һУÿ󷨣ҲǲһģеĶ࣬еˣеһ·ͨ裬ʲôûϣżƺһʼͳŻء
Ͼڻõ֣һ󷨣ҲҪģ֮Ƽǣ󷨣Ȼδţδģ֮֮£˳缢ƿʵȡ󷨣š䡷׳֮꣬Ҫܹ֮ǿҲܸİ
Խ빬֮󣬲ûкͳϷֿЦһĻЩ󣬻֪أ
һЦ˵Щ󷨣ܲŽ빥棬Ŷ
һζ
죬һˮ˺ͻأسһ̨֮ϡ
̨


1755 ľӣ̨
̨ѵУǴޣɻЩӰɣ
˭֪أ֮֮
˵һģдڣǰѣ϶ܹȥԼֻҪ˵ĽŲС
䣬һӰͻأشӿնڳǰɵǣ˳˶ʶ֮ǰΧס֮һ
ϲЦܸٴ㣡
ɫһӱ൱Ȼ֮ǰǰ˿ʢȻһôˣʮĵ֪˵֡
ڣȫתѾֻ֪֣һˣǲҴģΪʹ򲻹ΪС룬߲ò˵ǰ֪λ˵ݣðν֪λ˲С˹һƽϰɣ
ð
˵߲첻ѣȴҲʮֵؾϲѿʵ𣿡
ȻģŹûʲôģǰǣҪ߳ȥ󣡡
Уһ߾ȫ
仰ҾͷĶˡ˵꣬϶ԷԸȥһſ֣ܹУ
ǣˡ
ԼУ񹥹ȥߴԻֱʵˣ㲻˵ҪŹ𣿡
Ҳǻ˵һǰ𣿶ҲˬĴӦˡ
ЦݵʱղŵĶԻһ飬Щ򣬡˼˵Ҫ̨ҪѪֳʤ𣿡
ҪѪֻ»ᶪأ
һ£ɫ䣬ȵɱң
룬Լ롣
ȫŭݣȣǣԵĹѾɱæ£־ҪɱУնɱԣ˵峤֮ӣɱд鷳ġ
һ㶣ٹϣƴɱһζ͹ţúܱ澳ǿߣʵ澳ǿȣҪϺܶ࣬гһ԰ģıһˡ
һϵеı֮߱ˣʢŭѣԼСҪûˣ˼˼ʲôˣ߶ųϣ˫üŭСӣɫ浱ǰ׸ģڵôҲ澳Ϊ
ڵ㱬أ
Цţ˳ȥŭϮ壬ָ߽ӱˣȴǴһӺ˫ع£Ϊ˻ҽ
̨֮ϳһӣ棬Ӻƽͨľӣࣻʵúˬ˵ӣôֺأ
ϴһҲû⣬ż󣬾ô⣬ʱǳâСڵʮɫâۿȥӺüӣȻûо忴ʲôȴѾоӲһ㡣
󣬳ϽӴ򿪣ֻŵģһѶУǸ߽汦ϸϸϸϸ۲һ˵ҲǶǵĽɡ
汦ĶУϣȴòϣϱ㽫У׼áڣʱ̨ʧӰһһ֮䣬ٴ̤µ̨棬̨ǰһˣ˸о̨һ
ֻ֪ʲôĶ֣
˳̨棬˲ǳʶ֮ˣԣ׼ŭһԽ棬ϳɹ˼ŭ죬ɱȥŭﵽ۷֮ʱϼ
ʱ֮ƴɱֵõһνһ׹ű״ϲ̨Щ˼߲ܵԼǰ֪󣬻᲻һܹٳھתķ
һ̨һ̨شȥֵĶ֣ԽԽǿҲѾﵽ˾Ÿ֮࣬мĽһֱԷ֣леҩطȵȣԵʵõ˺ܴϵҲǿ˲١
ܿ죬˵ڰ˸̨
ռ˰˸ӵĳϣ̨һжٸŸž̨֪ʲǫ̂Ǿ֮ĻʲôӲŸ֡
ڰ̨а˸֣澳ǿߣǵѹСǣڳʩչ֮󣬳ϡɪQԽǼɱУرǳϣٶ֮ȭһȭһ󣬶ʧЧǴѶʣµߣҲתþơ
õһ׹ű֮󣬳˳ھ̨˲Ϣ䣬Ÿ̨ϣҪʼʩϸģɿЩ֣סˡ
һˣǳ裡
һޱȷŭضųϣҪˣˣ


1756 ˵ôҶĿ
̨ϸĶжˣҲ¶жǿĵľԼѣ˵һֻ棬塢ײϵˣľȫڣ˭ֻܽնɱˡ
ǰ˸̨ûгϻΪԼãԲΪ¶鷳֪ھŸ̨пܾһ̨ʱ򣬳ĵ飬ڳˡ
볣轻Σǵڶμ棬ٻµķɱУ˺ӡΪֵཻ֮ˡ
裬ңɡ
ϴԳ˵ţ豾һȻʱɻ󣬶ųϿ˺ðΣȷӢϣҲ¶˿Ц
ڿЦ֮УȴǺԥ˳ϣЦҪǼѡվıߣ˵ܵȵһҵĴûᣬȾ֮ҲͲþˡ
ţ̨ϣûлģ
˵ɶ࿴ۣһʱ䲻˾ͱһˣ߻һףȾŮӣҵˣƴɱʵⷽ棬Ҳ
ڳǱȥʱ򣬺Ѿ˶ųСӣ㷢ֻЭɱ̨߳
ʲôû˵ֱӷһնˣжʱһɱ֮飬˳ۣĵ֮ӣ̶ʱʵ;٣״ֻ̬ͻ֮ղԶˡ
ûƵĽʵ̫ĿǣһҪɱǰˣҪΧЩͬ飬ټѾ˲٣СЩΪ
Ϊ˵ؽһأ
˵վߣ˶ڳ״һʱҲ֪ΰ죬ʱ򣬳ϲŽĿ⿴һֱŭˣӿֵĸоʵг𣿡
д𣡡
䣬ţôŨķŭ϶Ϊȴʵж󣿡

˵ţ˸˲ᶨ¶֮ɫֵģȴ͸쳣Σյƣϼʵһأ
ֻҪɱ㣬Ҳν
ԸҪɱңǵĳ𣬻治һĴ󣡡
˵ˣ
Ȼǲ˵˵ʲôĳҲףҲܷйһ£˵Ҳ׼³һھѪƸӹ죬ȴҧѪһһغҽ䣡
ҽ˫
㲻˫гϣ
һƣ㶵ı飬ųЦݣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ȼģ
Ѫħˣû뵽һѪħ½׷ɣĶܸӦ
ȴͻضˣƱնȴǳϼһŴ۾ųϣı鸴ޱȡ
˵ĻʱѪħڼ֮صУƽ˵ȷʵû뵽׷Һ׷˹Ȼȥ㣬治ңЩ⣬Ҳһˡ
ղõ𣡡
Ҳû뵽ҲףѪħ½ľɹģҪ˾ģӦˡ
ⷬȻ˵ģǣ䲻֪ڸоǰ˾ĳ֮ЩʧȥˣôÿһͷÿһѪϸ޾ķŭ
ŭףͣȫʧֻʣ¶ԳϵĺޣҪϷǵĺޣУѪ࣬Ƹ죬Ѿӽɶ뾲ĵز
Ͽ⣬ЦˣĿĵóˣ
ҵĶңҵģͻƵоһҽ
ͻƣ
һ˿ɢΪϢ澳ΪҪͻƣǲǹ֪֮ܵԼͻƵʲôкܴܣй
ģǳһˣߵļҲ䣬¶ֵı飬˵Ѿںϳһˣˡ
ɱ㣬Ȼͳˡ
ɫѸٲ԰ȥϼ̼Ѫħ½õ˰ɣо
Ҫɱ㣡
ӣϲٰ˵˵˵ôҶĿġϿ⼸оޱȣƵ˵˵أ
Ӧ˵˵
˵

һȺΨ²ңͣŴףЦҶôֿˣΪѵ˵˵
ҪǿռΪĲöһǿЦ
ռʲô


1757 ֮ż
ռ
˵ĻҲΪţԣ˵ĿռǳȤ鲻ԽȥԼʶһ
˿ϣͷ¶ֻһ԰׵ƤƤ滹ɢɫȴʮ𣬿൱ֲ
ȷʵնɱϣżһǸԹ󣬽һʩչطǿʵ˸ʮ֮˾ţײ˰˵¿ռڸϾпܶʧľƣòٴʩչط
ʩչڶطʱ͸ԼԲʩչطˣΪطʩչĺѾҪʱָҪʩչΣǺпܾԶָˣĿλ߸ϵĴ˳֣ϣҲСĽǺõģص㣬һغʧƬ¡
ֻǣһ·־Īƴɱƴɱʹʵٴαĵ˽ڿݽ֮أ䶼ڿǲҪͣټǰߣżֶΣʵ̫ԶԶԤϣҲȥʲôڴС
Ȼڿϵһ̣оǸòȻƼǰ㣬ȴԼ˵ĳϣͽԼĸȫ˸ɾֻʣһͷҪɱҪĶлȡƾǶһͻƣӶܵɡ
֮ǷŭڸڿռûҵĴңȴĴң죬ҸĻᣡ
ҵĴңҾҵĴң
ޱȣ̶ɢŨɱɱ̨ƺһƬʬɽѪ˵øң֪֮˶ˣ
ҲܣֻҪͻƣϼǧˣʲôϵֻҪԼǿֻҪɱ㣡
ǵģֻҪɱ㣬㱳ˡ
˵оȥʣ߸˶ɢߣڳռóƴɱＸţɱɱɣɱһܾˣ
߹ָұۣѪ֮ȡһԪ˰ĶΨһĵˣҲǴ˴ģ۾ſȵĿ⣬£ǣ߰ɣ󼱾Ϣ䣬ͱñ֮ǰҪС
һ߱С֮УӻһŹĽŻң¾ѪΪ⹭аƴСҲֻһָôС״ǰһβͬ⣬ϢȵȣҲϴôſ
˹ʵںۣ
һ빭γɵģ˻ֹסطҶЦϣˣܽӵ¹֮ǿߵһ𣿡
ԣдϲִڹ֮ǿߵĹĿǰҪģ˵ǹ֮ǿߣԶӲĹ֮ǿߵ
Ҳֵܵģȥɣ֮ż
Ծգż䵤
˲䵽ǰһξ٣мܵĸоһǣϴǱٻ٣Ǳż١
ż壬һֳѪ֮˵֮Уϴεľ飬׼ˣҲ߾ȫ굤ڹżսɲǼӭȥ
굤ܹżһΪ𶯣Ѫһ˲䣬ϸоԼľһ˲֮󣬳ϻָѣ̽ȥ굤鲢ûбٻżֱѿϻѪҺƽӣ֮ǰ仹Ҫˡ
Ź»ΣڵϣųϱŰɱı飬۾Ŀ¶ɣôûõģʹȥɣҵ³
һ֮䣬ָ˿˿סϵӣֻȳϵӱѿȥУٶȵõĶͻơ
ϧԤУԼòѣΪϣΪڵЦŭ⣬Ҳʱ޿̣ڱǿ
ΪǣѪ⣬ɿԶûзӦȻɻȴûóȻ֣Ŀǰľƣ˵ģߣȻܾˣ飬ͺðˡ
ƾһȣ˿̲֣ʱ
ȳ֣Χɱһɱϣʣɱ볣裬ֹǳȷҲʮֵĬ
θնоɫһ㶣Ųһͣô֮ɫΪɫҧȥɪQҲɵߣųϣһնն֮ǰˣҲǲɱ
ף
ЦƲм֮
ʱĳϣ֮Уű굤ܣϸĸ֮ʱ͵ر⣬ż


1758 
ˣټɪQʱֵסߵĹȻףĴһʱʧ֮£Ȼȫʧ·硣
ǰϲһȴ㡣
ϣȴǹżܾʹڵ굤ˣϲʲôɳȴƫƫƽܲ˵ؽ
Ϊ뵽Ǭתʣµδٵڰתھת
һڳϵ첻ȹھŸ̨᲻õ㹻ķǿĹżܣȴóȻ𣬹żܾͺп
ûᣬȻŹڰתתܹ꣬ת˵굤һЩ仯ҪǱ굤ĶʹãҲǿʵ
㶯Ҫʹ⣬кܴѶȣżܿɲô׾ʹӵģ໤УԪҺһ࣬УͨǲУ
󣬻֮˴æʹõȫϣͷǳѨϣóһͨſżܸ˳
ЩͬϰʳޱȵؽżܣһһڰתֱϸоټӶżܣһͻᱬըϲֹͣˣ֮꽫ղŵͨȫĳͬʱǹżҲ۳һֻ
һĵɲɹڴһˡ
ͷŹżܣ
䣬ƺ󣬰Ϣ䣬
ڵڰתԶתǬתڰתһתʱо굤ڷű仯ȻһڣɳϸоҪ鷴ѹȥ
뵤භȴȹżϮҪ͵ʹ࣬˲佫ûʱͻؾԼһЩʲô꣬꣬ģرҵ꣬˾תǸôĺ
ǰתʱû֣ڳΪת꣬ҲߴµľƣȴǳֹۣǱ굤ײٵĹżܣҲ
⣬֮УڹżܹȨ굤ʱ굤ֹͣһ¶⣬µĹżֱܾײ˸飬ȷʵǰ˲١
ײĹżܣ˲ͱǿ٣뵤ּƴɱϼʹ࣡
ΪʲôҪƴɱһˣһҲˣһǵǿһת꣬뵽֢ڣĪ뵤߲ƽ£
ҵ֢ᣬϸŵĻǿЦҪõǿǾ͵Ϊ״õǬתھתתǬƺҲǿ飻ʲô취ƽ⣿
ɱ֮УϸоԼľ类ģܹųʮٴʧԭ뷨ǣҪǽǬתһת꣬ץסٳռѭεͨĿǰƣ˵ٿˣԼľͺܲˡ
ϵʹ飬ȫȻΪ֮żĹܣֻɻǣϾȻܼôʱ䣡
Ӧÿ챬˰ɡ
ţУѾֳ˶ԸôƣɪQҲȰ裬ȥʵɪQ뿪ϣڳߣʱܱɵĸо
ʣ˳볣裬軹ûн澳ΪȫڵʱʵټϻſߵԲ˵ˣʵΪɱֻԱ֮޻֮
Уһϳ߿˵սپٰŮʰˣҪɾһ㣬ȻǾ鷳ˡ
˵ţ˿˳ϣϻû䣬ɻ˵ȵסȥ˽˵óʲô⡣
ʵ߿ø࣬ôǿһˣ˵ʵͲٿǣԴΪǸӿ֤ʵˣһ϶кöȥնɱȻ䱦
Ӱһ߿߾͵˳ǰ״ϲ߿˵Сӣһ춼Ҿһ̡
ƾ𣿡
ϻһָͷɱ㣡
ˣˣҵıˣɲôüģ
˦ּ𣬲һţ಻һϢ书ͽ߿ȫΧϳֲͣʣ¾𣬾ת˹
뵤ӽβԵģռϷ磬ⲽȥеԲ˵ʲôҲݲˣֱ߶ţģܵġ
ߵǰʵ֮ĹؼȹߵĶ԰ɣң֮ϣʲô


1759 ²
ûб
һһ߽
һĻ˷ŭ𾪵ȵ֮䣬Ǿˣ˵Ǿ仰֮ЦЦ˵֪֮ʲô
˵ģ𣿡
ûţΰɣԶ֮
ûǾͿһţ
˵ţת֮еѪɫ壬ѪɫѾܾûùˣѪɫһתʣѪҷڣҲҵģ
մѪ˵Ѫħ츳ܣѪù֮żҾͦ˼ԣһԡ
ûǸԶҲʩչġ뵽ǶĿиϲ켴ÿĿ⿴ųϣҪˣ㣬Ҳɣ˳ֻֻ֣ϱңˣ֮صˣһˣ
ⷬϤ
Լǵõ˵ÿһ仰䣬֪λʲôͷ
䣬֪ģ
ҴǲǻŪһֵĶ
֣
۾ﾡԻ֮ɫֵԭĵλҲô֪֣֪֪ҪҴʲô𣿾ͺñֹϵģ
أһ£иãȵƾʲôҪ㣿
Ҳǣ֮ṳ̂ȥʲôʸ֪Щأ
ϽѪѪҺоӵ䣬ųϣĿгϵֻܣֻŭ𣬾ͿΪֻṩˣӭĿ⣬˵֪飬ֻǲ֪²

ɻЦ˭أ
ʲôĥͳɣüͷһ£
ڵʩչطʱ˱׼ֻǣԸûеóѣ˻úõػţȷʵǳź
߿ѵʱӿ˳ȥоһӿ䱾ܵؾϲѣҪһֱӵǷɽ󽵵ָͣϣ
·𿴵֮ţɻûȥںδʱ糱ˮ£ոոо֮ϣҲϣһռ塢˼룬֮ǰΪ͡
Ӳһ𣿡
ǹȫȥ˲䣬ͻظôһʣҪ֮ųǰ뷨Ȼڣӿȥ
ȼϨ𣬼俴ǹյЦݣ֪ǳϹģҲˣôѹƣ
ңΪĶɱңΪʧȥͻƵϱ˵ţʩչƣЩƣ֮ǰʩչ֮żʱĶ
⣬ĿâѪħǸ츳ȷʵ̬ǣҲһƣĳֹȫлӦĥȶԭ򣬵ǰˮʩչŵĳϣʲôȫȣܶҪѷһ
ջƾâ˵˵֮ĳޣûͻƵԭҸ㣬õػȥػָǰʵܰͻƣΣ
ܣ
ѿڶ˼ײһʵΪ涼ûͻƵˣôܰͻƹ֮ǲʲô
ڻȥڸػָжһ¡
Ϊʲôֻܹ֮ż´𣿡

ٶʴ
ȴٶ˵ǰѻûüڵĶУǰ˵ĻУĵﲿλһ£Ǿһ˰ˣʲôóˡʱ䣬Ƶ̨֮ǰʱ㻹벻ףҿ԰һѡ
ϵ굤ԽԽϢĻȫռϷ磬ѹסʱϸоķӣֻȫɨȥŵģоȵȣЩʱָǿ󣬳ϸʹãظ֪꣬úǿ
ˮܵȵȣǱԪҺȵȳϻãȭ֮࣬Ӱ첻
ռϷ磬ãǰռϷ磬ΪЩֲأ
˼ĿɨֱסǰǸƴɱˣ桰ηġһʱԣҲ֮ɢ㶣˲ץסᣬһףҪ
ʣµģΧߣо̡
Ǳߵ䣬ȴŶڷ


1760 󣬷
̨ϻûﵹǺЩ˵һɸɾΪޱȱ볣ս
峤к۵ԣûܹרִǶӷ۵ĶŮܵģԼȥǣʵˣûжôʵˣпԼ͹ˣڣܹõֵĴбϡ
ôţҪԾʵһöҪӣرˮ֪ͨ²иֱ֮ڳ裬ǰһ澳Ͳôһ㡣
俴ŶԥŷףȴǺ֮꣬ţɱ䣬Ҫ߳Ǿֻ̨һ취
費ԭ䣬ŪһϵֶΣ´ҪסǵˣҪһöӣںĲϿŵĴ򿪹֮ŵİ취䱳ˣǲ֡
Ͼͨ䣬ȥ˽䱳ˣӶٵ֪ԼϵĹͷʲôͷ⣬ҪϣȻͻ¶ԣһҪȫȫס
ȻҪܾӣǾ͵ðһֻˣɿڵ״̬ܾĿԲܸЩһᣬѡֻ£кܶ˻ѡȻҲηģɲٲеˣϸŪǸ֮ţջ̫ˡ
ڳڤ˼̨ʱڽżҵĶһ˵ʲô˵ģУȥͲʹˡ
һصţ
ģ˵Щǹƨƾʲôͻƣ֮żûΪ㲻ܷӳżҪ̤֮Źأ
ţ
ȥ͵Ļ£ĳˣԭĶôܹ򱰹ϥأһԸô죿Ǻεȴڣ֣ҲǺûʲôӲһ֣
ţ

Ǹ˵ʲôǿģǾʵݷɣһشģôһ仰š
ԣǽУѪҲûش̽ôҲ̲ȥڸԼżȥɡ
գۼ䣬ʮȥȻûҵƳ̨ķֲܺȥԣֻ̨еһСǣʵ̫ˣǣһȫԣŪûѣȻţȥ֮϶ҵͻƿڣһ첻֪Ҫȶá
ʱԳ˵ҪżģһˣԵȣСڲܵȣҪҵڱأСھָأȥֻºпܾڱԵˡ
ʱڲƣǾֱİ취ˣ󣡡
롰е֣֮ȥƣ֮Ϊܹ֮꣬ȡ̨ĿȨ˵Ϊ̨һСףı仯̨Ͳˡ
Ҳǳģ֮ǿ̡󷨶ǿģ̡󷨣Ҳû𣻳Ͻ֮ӵų֮ûһ˿ą̂У̨תתȥ
һʱ䣬֮ͻصϵĵ֮УƲһЩ֣֮ӦдܳʱŶԣ֮껹ǿԭ𣿡
ûȥڷ֮괫ݸϢˣȥ֮꽫̨ת˸˼֮󣬾۴ȡȨ
֮ڳϵʱ󣬲̨۳ȥӿ𼤶ܳɹǴŵɾʹȥ
볣ҲˣԸԳ̤澳澳ƴɱĻ϶վϷ磬ΪһһӡȥģǱǿġ
ͣжŽȴţԶ䣬ԸѡҲնɱľٶֶһ˿뷨ܹƵ󷨣Ҿܹ͡Ҿͻϣ̤֮ǸʱҾܹˣˣ
뷨һͱһǷǳõɣԣⲻͶнһգʧȥܹٱֻ
ʱ̨ɢǿҵĹâ̵ۣأ֮ƴˣɲɹһС
һ
ʮšʱ򣬹âʧ¶ϲ֮ɫˣ
Ӱһǰ˵ҪҰһ𣿡
򣡡
³֣ŵĶأ۵һ


1761 ּ
أڳ϶ߣѡģѾǳǳףһĻԥٳٲֵʱ򣬳ϾѾԤϣţ򣿹֮Ƿ򣿡
ǵģڹ֮ϣ˷أط죬취Ȼ
Ȼѡ񣬾ǧģ仹Ǹɴ˵˵ܶľ裬Ҫһ˵շ򣬲ܴ򿪹֮Ĵţڷ⣬ǧ֣ÿ˵ⶼһ˵ֻ̤֮ܿԼ򣬼طǿ֮ûз֧ţҲ˥ȥҶԷǡ
ûи˵ȥ仰˳о޴𶯣Ժл֮ʱڤڤ֮оʲôֻǺģȥһ̣ޱسǰˣ⣬ָоŵøӵģңƫҪûƫѾ̤֮ˡ
졢ءˡȻ
Ͼ׽⼸֣˾佣ǶǶǵĸоĥһֲ֮ù֮ǿߵĲ࣬һ֮ķ򣬱Ϊƣ֪Ҳһ̤ȥţ֪ûУУǼأ۷𣿡
ڻۣڸĹ֮鲻Խţص˵Ȼţ˼Щǲͬ˼ڽżҵĽһЩͷʹ
󣬳ϰ˼³һ˵һ֣ᷢѡΪǵѡʶʱߣΪܡ
Ȼǵģн踺أôö̤֮Ϊں̵ܶʱھ̤𣿵Űɣʱһȡ
޺޲ѵʱ򣬿ͻ֣󾪣ʲôҶˣҪɱҡ
ҪţҪֻȡһξѪ˶ѡ
ѪУ
˺ôΣգҵƿ֮УʵİȡѪٶȣ
оӡɵڵ۾͸¶ľ֮ɫǰŨɥ˵Űɣúûţϣġ
ϣ޲ý̻ȴ˶Уȥջһϲ֮ס̨̤˺Ҫһ
һΣҲ֮ǿ˲٣е̻˵̷̻ˣ֮ջصϵĵ֮Уͻֳһӡ
ϲ죬֮ǰ̨ϣɱ˶֣кӽھŸ̨ԭΪкӽˣȴϣȻС
ԽԽЩˣھŸץУϸӾãӺҪ㲻ҪԺûʲôãڴɴӶѣռ˶֪εĺ棬װֻʲô
򿪺ӣװ֮óϴʧɫ
棬һƣɫġ
ǵ˵ƣ
żΪλƣƾʲô
ǰ;ƺܲ򵥣ھŲָ̨ӿ϶˳ϵĲ²⣬żͷ֡Сڡơ
ǵʮˡ
ϻһ£ԼĳɳУԴµɽһֱƵӰԸָķʽ˳У֮ǰżȻôżȻһ𣬾ͳ˱Ȼ
Ȼעʲô
ģĶԽԽؽһ𣬸оɣָֻǲָ֪ΪΣ
֮󣬳ϲеľ֣ǻڵھŲ̨ϣûлµ̨ҲûлµĶ
ȻֻоŲ̨ž֮Ҳ̺Űء
ϴһˣ̨ȥ֮ǰסǵϣѾȫûӰ٣˳̤һ̤֮󣬳ǰģء
ƬУѾŰ˸ˣ˸Χһ󷨣ۿȥȻǴ󣬳Ծ켴Ȼż֮أҪûдǿɲˣʮɽĴʲôᴫȥ᲻һ½
˸˵ٶȵǿ죬֪ͨʲô·ģ
ţ֮һµߣָ˵㣬վλϣָԱߵһλϡ
ûжֻбһۡ
߼Լ˵Ļûãɫͻڴˣ
һЦǰȥˡ
ϡԵһˣǰȥˣֺȵֻҪһ˾͹ˣģߣնģ
һߣبڳǰ


1762 ˴
ߣѪɫѪɭȻ
۳ﲢһĳϣֻҪ̤Ǹߣֽնɱˣһˣƫƫ˼˽֪Ů˵˺ӦҲܣЩȽȽа뷨ˡ
˶ڳһϷӣ˳ϵΪȻɻȴǲóϣϾԽɱ˵ģ洦ɼģ˺޹˼ɵ
Ů˽Ϣȫ֪ΪΣ
Ҳ澳ΪʲôãСӸԲ澳ѣ͸ˣƣ
ʮһĻʵĺϷҪˡ



һ
ȳһ֣ҽţǸѪߣ·ƫҪҪѰҪϷͳȫ㣬ɱһֻһȺ
ɨһۣУҪնϣʱһ£ɫƾ£ʽߣ
žžž
죬ֱ߼ܣȫɢϵı֮࣬Ҳķѿ¶ǱúڲѪ壬¸ͣɢ
ɫߣ
𾪲ѵʱһɫȻ£¶Ҫ뿪˵أǸжѣ¡ը£ըѪɣ̶ҷ
ոջǿƲѣҪɱӺߣ׸ٳʷ߸˻ûлصùֱֱֻд˸̡
˼䣬Ǵߵǵǰ˵ˣ
ʲô£⴫ֻʣˣֻҪٳ˾ˣʣµˣԵ˵ĵȻͣ
˴Żҵɫ˵ǣȴһƼڽЦݣϼ˵һҲϲȣڶҺƭӣֻܴһζѣһ֮Ҳã
϶ԴоǳȻﲻ¯ľ磬ҪǺףο֮꣬ϵĵľֻǻ᲻ᴫһ½ȥתһ룬㴫½Ҳҵ󣬵ĿĵأʵҲա
ң˲ã⣬Ҳ˰·ǰпǴﵽڷϵҪȻǸһ̭ˡ
óһ˵Ļˣû뵽һۿȵһҪˣһΪҪ;жֻͣλС㻹һս֮һˣܻסĸأǿ߸ˣӦһ´࣡
˻䣬ֱҳһǡȭܽںڶ֮УҪǣϻʵڶ֮ŽҲ棡
ȭ飬Ѫ⽦
Ȼûȫڣֻôһ㣬ȴǿܽŸղŴһȭƽ˵ֶһ˵λã
нߣȻȴܹܣϾ׾ˣɳһȭɱߣҾ;÷ǳˣȻʵߣɺôҲ澳Ϊ˽澳Ϊ˲Խնɱ˲ɱ
ȻһĻʺϷֻϷǸտʼģȫ෴ӣڸоΣϲ𾪣ֱ˵ֻܹĸˣҲ˵˱ҪҶأԼ֣ڲ
Ÿ˼ڣҪǻ֮ǰǿ϶Ǻԥһӵɱϣһɱֻʣһ֮ǲ뷨ˣȥ˵һ̱ɱľԼ
иƣȴǻһۣнǼᶨɫͷӰһҪǣȻճͻǰͻһתնԱһߣһҲնǰߡ
֮УҲǴɱУ£ˣԱһնұˣұæѾˣɱɡ
ƺʣʱʣɱȥŭȵǺñɣ
ɣ㲻Ҳɱǣֻʵûǿӷɱ˶ѣֻлŲģʲôɲɣ˵䣬ļǴн֣޷ֱ֮Ҳùһɣ
һ˺ȵ커סǧôˣҪȻǴҶˡⷬǶԳ˵ģϵ֣ѭʮٶȾȴȥ󣬶߳֡
ʽ似ԪУٶ賤˵˿ͻȻٶȴ˴һ
Ǿŵʱ֮괫һЩѶϢ϶˵ʵ̫ˣֻҪˡ
ʲô˼ǾŸһ
ɣҪȻҿɾͲˡ


1763 ɿռ
ˣ
ĸոΪܹһ٣˳ͨ󣬴͵طߣﲻѣʻû£˳һЦʵ治صҵġ
仰˼˵ҪնɱĻҾͱҪȫ֣ˣ
һʣЦݲסǷĽѪӥ˵ȻǷǵȻӣӿһˬֲòϣǳһ˳Ļֲʲôá
Ҳûǣ뵽֮ǰǬڵķӦһûж֣˲ֽЦݸϣҶҪң߳նɱΣ
֪һĲãˣûʲô£ûдأֻ¾ͻڴˣȻΪ˵ġ
˵վ˴λϣ˵Ǿ仰ȴȻ󲨣ĸ߽ƴأٶȣʣµĸλȥ
ֻҪȥվ棬Ǿʤˣ㲻վڿλϣҲҪˣǾǶԼˡ
һߣٶȸպڵڱɱΧǲŷôģ۾ȴǻ˳һۣ˲ղų˵ֶԻðͷǵѣôǰԴģ;Ǽ
뵽⣬ຣһ飬ԥ³ѪʩչطӰ͵شܵһλϣҲ¾Ѫʱų˵ķȻ֣ĽѪӥԭľǽຣɽຣʩطѭڵΪѾӮ˵ߣܺ
˿飬н߻ɱϽ俴Ժзõǡȭ͡ǬԪնԼʩչıϿһģһҶһЩʲô
εĸоǿˡ
ĽѪӥΪչԼʵ֤Լļֵõ˵ǸԵҲǳڷնɱߵʱĽѪӥͽߵվڴϵĽຣ£ҪãȻǰ㶯ģͽ
Ͽ˽ຣһۣӰ£Цˣ֪ں棬㻹ǲһֱˡô˻ຣеȷʵˣܱ̬ľɱ㾭˭֪ĺֻʲôصǣʩչطѾܵһЩɡ
ΪǳӲվأ
ȷش𣬳ֵѾ룬ϾҪˡ䣬󷢳ŵâϵ˵Ӱһʧ
ڳǱߣӵӣ˴󷨿ռˣʲôٴ棬·ûгֹͬʱӡ賤ϡˣҲҵ˴󣬴ͶȥȻûб͵ģ߻ûгģֻ߱նɱģԶԣࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮ¶ִֶżûлԾȴʩչֶΣżƽԭһŲŽ뵽һС
ˣոżƽԭϣͷżƽԭ쳣״ûж£ֻȥ˵ʲôڸòҪң򡭡켴һߣֵϣɱʧϣżȻ½ϻΪܶܶˡ
ŵĳϣѾ͵Ŀĵأû룬͵κһ½ǰģȻɽˮдأɳϾЩɽˮγɺ֣󷨣гϿƿ͸Ķ½ϵͨɽˮ࣬ɳϸҿ϶Щϵɽˮ
ֻһϤĸоһо˲ûзɢǶɽϣüͷ˼ຣڽ䱸ֹͻȻ֣Ŀһȵգ
գ
Ͼף͵ϤĸоںδˣڱڶʱڤڤӦڴԪգֻǣΧЩϢε̫ˣϸо˵̫ˡ
ηûбӳϵ֪ھȵ˵ţΧĻÿռӵֶŪµżȻֱʣֻڲǱֳô򵥡
ȹ󣬷¶ϲ֮ɫ˵ҴУ벻ջ񣻿ǣż˲٣Ȼй֮ǿߣҪõЩֻأһĽѪӥͲӦƣǡ
ζؿ˳һۡ
˿̳ϻ֮УЩɽˮɿռɣ޵Ŀռ䣬Ŀռ䣬Ȼɽˮôܣ
ţڵضȥȴûڽȥ
Ȼˡ
۾һݣȻǿռ䣬ǿռѭӦܹðɣϧռѭֻ㣬ԶԶҪÿռѭֻܿƷ׵ķˡ
ôһ룬Ȼ̧ͷ


1764 Ҫ֣һ
ҪΪɴ˴񣬵õջ⣬ֻǣҪ㣬ѶȣǣԼп֮ǰ϶̬ȣ÷óϵõһЩء
ȷʵҪӷϵõٶǰǹǬڵϢʱ˿̣ȴΪ˵õܹٳķԳڵǿȣǳƷ׵ķɱ٣
£пӵгƷ׷ģڼΪأǿǬڵӷˣԣ϶ŷ˵з𣿡
ʻЩĪԵ˻ĥ仰ʲô˼ʱѾȡһűָƷ׵Ĺű˵ʵڻķˡ
ɶԳ˵Ĳãǣҡͷʵиһ𣿡
ǹű΢΢Щŭ·ߴײˣ
֪
ü߽׵ķУǣܸ˵𣿾пķҲãĵƣ
Ҫûи߽׵ķǲˣȻ㲻ԸңҾֻԭʼķˡϵһ˵üëһ仰ϲڿЦǷǳġ
ͬʱ߼ղԾɫҪϷϲ֮ɫﻹţҪǸŮҲƴɱɱһǾ͸ˡ
ʱתͷˣ˵ȣҲе⣬˵ķҲɣסеķǧҪأȻ鷳ģ
㡭
ຣȫȻԼղʲô˼߶ŭָһΪ˭Ҫҵ㻹񡣡
ֻҪķҪġ
˵ţٶȣġȭҪնϣȻϣʱѪɽؿһѪҲ𣬳һģԪĳץȡ䴢ָһмֵ֮
ҪֵĽຣһ飬һ˲䣬㽫еĶȫ˳µ˵еĶȫˣˡˡ
ϲ쿴˵ղأûд֣һЩƷ׵ķķҲͺͷոóĹűƷײֱ࣬ӽűȡ볣裬ʣµĳ׼ںٹע̻ꡣ
ϵΪϸɫóȫڴϲûᣬԽຣ˵ȻܻһʧȥģĶԣҪľǣҪƴȥ
ˣ˵ġ
߰ɣȻҾ͸ˡ
ϻһ䣬ŹâĽຣӰʧԶĽѪӥѾȴɱߣ˵һ죬ͻʱڶ
㣬ҿ϶Ź
ϻһ佫ĽѪӥסĽѪӥŭȣСӣ̫̫˶
ūҪūӣ˶ûзūԱߴСеģֱ˵ǰɣӡЦ˵ĽѪӥҪŭжŭֻӽ⵽Ǭڣ⻰ֲ˵һЦҪ˵ĽѪӥʱȴ˵Լ֣Ҷ֣
Ҫһս
Ȼġ
ãҾ⣬˭˭
˵ţȻ̤оŲǬԪնն켴ǡǬһָٶȸǲûʽͬо̤ǬԪնǬһָ
ֻǵԪҺֻתǬתİңϵġǬһָûжСָһ£ʹõǬ似ʲô档
ײһģǬԪնɱײǬԪննѣо̤ͬײо̤Ҳ̤ȥǬһָһΣϵûбˡѿ֮࣬ǲ¡
ǳǬ似ĶƴȫˣǬһָû䣬ǿȫоų̫ǿȴЦŵԭûȫûеõҪǲ֣ңתûת꣬ر㻹һڡ
Ҫǲ֣ʲôڣ
ɻ󣬷ֵǬڵ似ֻǬڵӲܹʩչǷǬڵʩչǾֻһ·ߣ·ڸס㣬Ǭִһ͵ɣ
ҽնɱˣ
ô㽫ø죬һǬ˭µ֣ңڸնɱǬڵӵˣǬһ٣
Ҳ˵ֻҪץס㣬ˣٳ֣ǬһָõȴСָЦʽɣǬ似ҵĶ֣


1765 Ǭ
žžžžž
ڶɫǳƣ÷ϼǬһָܻˣСָȴǷƳһֱϮ
ǿҲӦǿֵزǣţپָҾҪԣǿļ
ȻԸˣͷ£ָƿն۵˲䱻ָѣǡһȻСָˡ
СָˣȻû̽ϵǿȼޣֻ֪ǿ̫࣡

ˣ⣬ΪϾƴǬ似ˣȻŭһֱѹסָ̬ȫ汬ĽѪӥȵסʲô
ĽѪӥǰָץϣָڰգһ׾ͱٿնĽѪӥأ˵Ȼ֣ҾͲˡ
켴˵Ҳһϰɣû
ӦǡҲͷΧȥ״ȻԼղΪŭһľϣûĽѪӥ˻ȥ˵ȻˣǾʹøһ㣡
˺âһֱûжϹնɱϵͷóΪʱֻʱԣ˿ѾϣȫûбҪίˣɴô˻ᣬ˶ϡ
ǺȵĽѪӥҪǱֵúãһƴɱ֮ĻԵ͵ˣʲô塢壬ֻն˾ǣʲôе
ĽѪӥһڣ˼Ѫһ׷仰˼ȴǲ׷ʲôӦһȳȥ翴Գ˵ҪֻҪܹУǴҲͶˡ
ĽѪӥĶ־ЦŶԳ˵ɱԽԽ˶Ǭڵ似һʹ
ðﲻԾָָ㡣
ڽ֮˵ҪҴܾЦţЦŨֻҪʹǬ似Ǿ͵ļƻ͵óˣǬһָֻһ⣡ÿһǬ似ô̬ģֻҪʹҾ͡
һƣȭ
ƣȥһһӾͿϵĹ֮ǰȱݣȴ¶ޱر飬ȵ㿴ʲôһƣ
ʩչߡٹȥտʼȷʵǺͳġһơһģһɹڳϵһ̣³һѪƻһƣȴɢ˵ܡ
вԾ֮У˼תûбУֻǷǳصأӭһȥ˲䣬һƣȭܻ٣Ѫ͡
ԿˣȻһƶҵĴƣȥɣ
£Ѫӡڳؿڣϱˣջɳ²֮ʵʩǷķȴܵһɷ֮ԱȳϷɵøٶȣ˶ٴѪ¶ȲĿ⣬ҲƲǿ𣿡
ͬʱҲ𾪣ڴƵȻͷȥɳȴͷﴫġһһܷӳҪǹ֮ǿߣʵ
ʲô
ĶҪԵѾ˳ֻʩչǬ似ȭȭȵɱУըȥˣڸоǬ֮󣬾Ҳûиоġ֮С
ҪǿôˣһȣҵģҪң֮Ужһ
һʱᵽΣϢûʲôԴİϷ涨ģٶȾѭ
˿̣ţǬװ
һ£Ǭâſһ˲䣬һֹͣԶʹУҪһĽѪӥҲסˣȻҲס
ٶȣȥǬס˳ָĽѪӥһػзϴ˳վڷǰۼǿƳǬϵӡǣʩչӡ
ǡʱȴĵƣڳϵУŭȵǬңǬڵӲƱߣҪʮ໹Ȼ֣
ǬʲôƷף˵ˣҾ͡
ű
죿
о׽ţȴûͣ£ʣҵʲôҪĶǸʲô
ǬڵܣǬڵӶܵãѾ±֮
ϴ˵Ǭڵأ
ܣ
Ȼ񶨣ǬڵӣǣЩô֪˵Ǭڵӿɲܳģ֪һγҲǡ
ͻأ˵ȥˣ۷ؿųĴָϵĻԪָ


1766 
𾪣κִʶݣҪ˵ĻȫˣڵܷŭҲʧӰ٣ǬƱ飬Ժʣµģ˾ȻǾȡ
졪Ԫ⡪ָ
һһȴǷһ˵ģ
ʦҵġ
ܣ
ޱȵؿ϶ΪǳǳԪָһ˶ܴģǬܴ˻ԪָģҲôλ߸ϵĳȻǬ֮⣬½һ澳Ϊϣ˻Ԫָ
ȣ
Ҳ𾪸Сһ£𾪳̶ȣֻԪָͷƽȻʦ˵ԪָǻǬڵĹؼû뵽öѾܾûùĻԪָȻˣ˵ҲգҲգʵˣ
ҵʦûʸϻԪָʦʸʦʲôҲӵлԪָԪָǡ
Ԫָʧȥǣԣ˵ȫԿǣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôȫȻǻ˵ʲô
䣬ǰݺһȭڷϣ˵ҡҡЦҵȵȣԣǣ㲻ʦ
ŭˣ㾹ȻҴңٴһȭԣ
˵ģ
һǡȭڷ۾˲Ϣü󣬷˺ĸҴң
Ȼ㶼˵ˣôܲأ
˵꣬ȭ£ʮȭ֮󣬷ȫͷŭ£Щˣѵ˵ģ⡭
ţͻ뵽һ£ôõĻԪָҽԪָȥ϶ǴһʱõĽͣ󡣡
ͦõģɷɨۿĿǰľƣǬᣬҲ޽նɱĿܣµǸĽѪӥȴǸӱߣ볣赱һѹ
βܽԪָŪ֣
ŵʱ򣬳ʵңһʲôǸڣһȴǲŲæ˵˵Ǵڵӣɸղ˵ǬڵӣҪҽ˵Ļȥֻ´ڵĳ鷳ɣ
һЦ˼Ҫвˣ
ңֻݣǲǬڵӣ
ֻǲǣҲ˵㡣
ȥֻܽԼƵøΣԣżɽֱ˵ʲôҿԸ㣬ǣһýԪָңǬ֮
Ԫָʦµܸ㡭
ȳ˵꣬ҡͷ˵Ļûа취ˣ
а취

һʣޱ򶨵˵ʹʲô취ûãҲģɱңɱң˵Ϊ棬Ҳһ
˭˵Ҫһһط֮Դ˵϶һ£ɫһ䣬Ȼֻһ˲䣬׽ˣҲ϶˵֮Դɣȴûʳ˵һϰһطꣻȸַĥĥޱ̵ٷ֮ʮ꣬ʩչ֮ԴǸʱԺʲôΪ֪
㡭
˵һζɣ
֮ٶȲ󣬽䣬ͬʱеķڶע̻꣬õ̻ѹܹæ
ôһʹֱ࣬Ц
ЦȻʹ൱һ¶ϻżЦǬڵһλӣǴ޾ʹдģ˼עǵòѵģ
ֻǸտʼȱš
ʱƣϼˡɱ󡱡󡱵ȵ󷨣ĥ֮˵ġǳ󡱣ʮӲʱϾͲ󷨡
ʹ߹ķֲˣҧѪƴ֣ȵҵ־ԶҲѹģԶѹ塭
ϣˡ
ϲ죬Уֹӣ־ʹľ˵֪ʲôҶ㣡
⻰ҲһЩ󷨵һǶôؿֲɷȻǼôʱ䣬ϻڼ󷨣صˣҵģ˵溬ʲôɱأһģ͸ԱǿɻԼֱһ㡣
ۡ
˵ļƵķ³һѪ˵ֻҪͣ£͸㣬ģ
У־޵еģͣ£Ҫ˵أҵһʱٶԱȶԱȣ˵ٻû˵˼ٻأҿ϶ȴ˿̸ٱңұ֤ԲȻԲ˵ĻΪڿ㣡
̲סҽҽУ϶϶ֻǬתһʵǬ似Ҫʩչġ


1767 ǬǬ
ʹ࣬Ҳ㲻٣ɱǰʹ࣬ҪһЩҪһ㣬ʱƾ̣۶ôʹ࣬ҲˣҪ˵з֮ģȻ֣£ͲһˣȻȴпܲУٽģܻ١ϵȵȲŽڶ
ټϣմɴƭţûжʱȥ˼־ڱ֮£֪һһ˵˳
˿̣ھ׽Ǿ仰ʩչ似
仰ó˼ϲٶȸ죬÷һ㻳ɣܸһʱȥȥ˼ҪһھҪͣ˵βȻҪץסһ˿˿ع񣬴Ӷһ֮Уˮ춾ҩǾͻٵ鷳ȷʵ֪֮ԴɴδβԶ½޿֤
һǬǬΪǬתΪǬתҲǳҪֻ֪Ǭ¾Ų㹦
ȻǱʶк棬ǣҲһźܸļ׼ķƬ֮ŪһǼ٣˿ԾĹ
׼Լڳϵһ׼ûС
Ҫǲ˼٣óϿȴĽʲôԶԣʵһãֻҪܹúõػеǱĻᣬǬԼˣԼȥһ˵ǰСӾֻ·һʱôô
ʵʵ˵ţϽ˵ÿһ֣ӡŷ˵ԽԽ࣬еľȣ糱ˮһ˸һ˸ߡ
ȷ֪ǬĹ˵֮󣬳סǧ𾪣ʵǬ¾Ųľѭ
һ㶣һ㶣ʹ༤ٱϽ˵˳ܵΪϴ˾پΪ֤Լ˵Ķ벻ԣ뾭תìܵĻֻ˼Ҳ֮ԴԼҪ
Ȼ֪֮أȻֻ˼Ͻ⾭ȫ֮꣬ݣҲԷһ
ֻЩʱ䣬ϽǬ¾Ų㹦ŪУƬ֮˵һһڣ
Ǭأ
Ǭأʲô
Ǭתھת֮󣬱Ǭأ̥ǣ˵һࡣ
Ǭתǲǻй
ûУǬתֻһû֣֮ǣǬ¾Ų㹦ҪǬתǬĹʱҪǬתһ飡
иʵżĿʲô
õڴУڱصǬڻȡֵҾܵõ֮ķͬʱǬ⻹һЩ
˴ɽˮɿռɣô¶
ǿռӣ˵޿ռҲǷԵģʵ㹻֮ôֶξܡ˵Ҳ֧Ųס˹ȥ
Ҳǳһ˹ȥѹʵĻЧͲôˣҪ඼ˣʣµһЩ⣬Ҳա
˵ţϳȥ󷨣ʱ̾һǬڣʩչ似ȻδţǬǰǿƣҲȻˣ֪ǸǬأֽǺεȵĴڡ
ͬһʱ̣ûתĽѪӥе֧һӿˣȫʧ״˵Ѿûʸǵˡ
£һնһ£ĽѪӥҳֱնĩԳ˵ô
ɱ
֪̫ˡ
ﲻòǣΪǵĵʵ̫ǿһ¶֮ǿߵ׷ɱЦǾ֪ˡ

ҺһĲϡ
˵ŵȻʩչˮ򣬿ԪҺã治ʲô⣬ԡ迴˵һһ˵ľǺ޵ģԾ仰ڴһ㶼ʣ棬˺ǿ󷨷棬Ҳз
ϽһʱɽǱк¡һݣʱվǰ˵ֻһΣͨˣٷֿÿռ䲼ɽˮأɲһ׵¡
Ҫһʱ䡣
ã
Ӧ£ǰȥ볣裬ǰ棬ַģһЩԻ֮󷨣Դסĳ˫ɲʲô
ըԽԽ죬ǱߵƴɱԽ


1768 󱮣޾ɱ¾
µò˴գȷʵڵһ͵¿ռǰż˷ֳһһֵģ棬˿̣ܹͨˣȴȫͬĿռУʱضпܣ˻һ
һЩԻ֮󣬳ϱʩչǬǳٴεģܹ¯࣬ټϡռѭΡľֻʣһûݳأҲͱ֤˳ܹ˳һá
ǬҲϧ֮⣻ǣûа취һϲϤġǬʩ÷֮ǰûʵ⣬Ѿ˹ȥһĶ֣ʩչġǬ֮ЧԹ֮ǿߣûôˣֻǸ˼ͱȥѡ
ռѭΡܹõĻǿҪռٵʱ
ԣǬƷٸߣҲֻܱڳһڴģűǬܹ໯
ţԺ֣뵽Ǭת롶Ǭֹһһеƣ棬ƵУϣʤ
˼ڳԺһƬɿռγɵĻ֮һżľڿǹȻȫ棬գǰһ㡢ڶ㣬е˼棬һͬĶһôһͱ֤˽żˣᱻʵرǿߣɱ⣬ֻʣһˣֱ׶Σ棬ܹʵǿǻã޻˵ˡ
Ҳ²Ϊ棬Ϊ֮ĻƬգֻоžŰʮһˣȥĽѪӥҲͰʮŸˣʣµˣɲܹġ
¡
һը죬ϵ˼ϣȻȳǰ̤һնģ˸ﾯ棬ֱǰԥɫϡ
˱һ㶣תͷһۣҧܴвɺвȡᣬ˵ȫɱ
֪һеĳϣƴӿٶȣʱп֮ľ֮£ʱʵ̫ˣԻҲ𲻵ãر賤ǰֻһ۾ͻᱻ˿
Ϣ󣬳ϽǬȫڣʮϢĹͨռѭξռѭ߲㣬ҪһЩʱ䡣
Ǳߣסǰе·Ȼ˳˹ǰ滹ţнʮڷ׷ɱš
ɫһ䣬סһˣܹԾŸĿͽɾͲô׵סˡ
ˣһ׷ȵ콫ǻץסǰҵֵˡ
һһһۣмǸŵӡǵ˵û취ˣһȥǰЩֻҪһ裬Ǿֻ·һ
磬˵ôô죿Ǻò״ǵ˱ˡ
ǺãǾͶһѣ󱮷ֳ飬һһ飬ȷֿӣȶⳡ׷ɱپһ𣬽ʯ£
ã
ʱͳͼʯһȭ£ʯ飬˲׳ʯ飬ɵȴ׳߿飬ۿʯҲǲࡣ
飬һӸˣһȴ׸ʯո׳˾ͳ嵽лЩϲӺˣȴ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣץס׵˺ȥ˵һ󱮣
£¾ѪҪɫʱʧɫ䣬һɨȴ˽ͬķǸӾȻԻȥ
ﻹӦͿӳкűһֻޣ޴ǲŸոնɱˣͱѪӡ
ǲ״ֱ˽һ׷ɱնɱֱֳַ֣֮׷ȥоһ·ɱ
س
ﵱԥʯ˳ȥ˵Ҫȥң׺ɱʯǴɱУ˲ʤˣһʯʹǸʯߵĺٵģȺСӻˣȻƭϷϷ򡭡
ʲôٵģ
ӸϽʯһʱȻǼٵģδ£ͳȥ˵ģģܺɱһУӿǶȹ˰˴׽ٵˣ˵׶ûжãҪһʶȤ㣬Ͻ
ӵĿ꣬Ȼ׼˳Իеĵӣ
ȻÿȥһӾѾǵģĻ˳ϵĵҪٳȥһ͸ˣԣȵȻˣҾ͸㽵µھŴ׽٣
ͬʱѾɱ󡭡


1769 ū
ӴȷʵٵʯΪȡһʱ䣬ͬʱ뵽ǰ棬˳ȥ϶ڽзǳŽĶܲôţԼҪǳȥ֮ץסҪЮѪڵˣܻЧ
ңڱҪʱ̣֮ܽ˵ΪԼһӵһһ֮£ôܴ
һЩԻ󣬾ܵסǿЦ
˵֮䣬ѾԻУǰˣһ·ɱ˳Ȼ󿴵ĳϣ˻赹ԱߵķһߵԪ˻ûлָ䣬жʱֿ˻ǸΪСӣ粻ȻⲻʲôҲãңӣƲһ
ţָӥץСһϲץȥҪӴƤǰһɲǣӵͣˣҲǰ÷ֺסӻ˼
ܹ֮˼ΪϻĲǶģǶģ˫ôȴܶ۾ŸղΪضֵһŻһ¯תӣһСָϵˮ¡ףѪ֮С
ʧЧ֮ʱѾȡ˵һξѪһѶĵĿƣ¾Ѫطնȥ
ӿľѪȻ֪˾ԼľѪʲôξѪ䵽˼ҵҲһǳΣյ£ָͻѡ
ֳʮ˰ѵʮ˰ѵΧһԲȦתӱҪעһеܶкڳϣɻۿԵķ֮뵽Σյľ϶Ϊ˾ˣնɱˣ϶᲻ܣֻҪһģҾܡ
ʱ⣬ҪֳܷݣһݹϣһݹȻӵĲ²кܶ಻ԣһȴȫȷǾǳϾڲˣ־ȷ
˵ʵֻ˲Ϣ䣬ڵӴ𹥻ȥʱͻظоѪ쳣ڣʱһָоǿмɱУѹƷڵѪôڼɱ֮ͽѪ
ǿҵĸоֲԸȴòܳ˻һܻԷֳ֮ģóϹ˴ʧˣﻹڴȣõʲôʶģϽ򡭡
Ҿū꣡
ƾ𣿡
ϲȫͬʱ¯֮Уڷǰ棬ӼԼ²ûЦһ𣬡ԱҿܾĸѾѪ³
ţת䣬һںı飬乥ɫ䣬Ⱥ˵㻰ң졭
ǡʱϵɹһתʹ֣ʲôʲôȫһߣֱڵϣʲôаΪʲôܹң
ʹֵ飬һ飬ΪҲ뵶һ𾪻̸УǰһͲˣһͷôʹҪŭ
۾עԽΪԽСĵ¯Ϣ󣬵¯ʧΪרƵĵҩԾڿգһţţȡһ÷£ٸһЩһЩת۾ĵһ˾ǳϣȫǱܷӦأһԾ𣬺ȵ˭ʲôΪʲô
Ȼ˳ϣǱʶųϵ۾ǳ˵⣬ԴˣϺܹһЩһЩ£ȴûֱܸоĳ̶ȡ
ֱ˵㲻Ҫ֪˭ֻҪ֪Ϊĳˡ˾С£ϲ˵Ļᣬֵ߰ɣΪ֮ϣܻ
켴ϳ˳ȥվһߣڵϹȥʹѣüͷֵ۾˿ϣ󿴵ǰһƬɱľƣ˼һѰ˸򣬼ԶȥǹԾĸоô֮ȥ
ľƻЩΣգӲǶȹ˰˴׽֮ˣһ̶϶ףкܴʹĹۿۣڳԣ˹ЧΪ΢СڿҪҪѪʱ˳Ҳʹ˴ϲ֮£ҲǼһɫ
ͬһ·׷ˣ·ûܵԶˣϴгٿʯĵӵڵϣֱΪ϶ǳʯʱΧɱȵ㽫ʯȻʬΣ
Ҫ֣ѪɫʩĽһɱִһʦ֣㣡һݣһͷתȭ˵·ߣ


1770 ꣬س
ÿСӣϷնͷ㻹ܲ˵֮
һòˣȳնһ˵˳ª֮ˣӵ˿Ըıòʵ֮ȻûиĻòǶ֮ˣݲñ˶Ŀ⣬ǻֻ׼۸Űˣ˲öа顣
˵ˣЩʵªߺȳҪնɱϵĻԺԱΧɱǶÿ˵Ŀ⿴ųϣӴҲԿªߣ򵥣Σա
ȭ
ϼȭ൲ںЩ꣬ӭųªָ£ƿʱ˸Ժˣ˳߲ªֻȴ³ѪرֵֻƣտҲ
ȴǱȭ
˾һĻΧ˳ԾªһʱزڵӣǴž۵Ŀ˵ʦ֣ΪȻ䣬ʵȴǴ˲٣ʦ´似𣿡
ʦ˴ңȭңȭżԵɺ֮£дġ
΢һ£ûǻ¶ǰ˻㿴˳ҲûԵȭΣڵ˳һ˵ĽĿŨֱԱһ˲ᣬȴȻϳ澳ߣ֮仹֮ʱ˷տյıץȥﻹȵǽ֮ն
£һѽļﱻ˳ǰĹ⻪նȥ߻æ൲ȴֱӱǽն䣬һնڴѪ֮ϣն룬ǽ뼹֮кӺ¡ըޡ
ţתͷԳЦʦ֣һΣ
ˣһ֪ҪȭأʦܶˡϺϧ佱֮÷˾磬ոĿ⣬ܲأ
ģֻҪڣ˲ʦһë
ظɱȥ£ΧɱϵߣһתΧɱȥˣֻʣ³ªŭųϣһ𣬡㾹ȻңҪǣҪԪˣ󻢣
ªһӣһֻɴСģϻƵħޣ͵سڳǰֻǣ󻢳˸֮͡⣬˸оޱȵ죬˵ΪʲôгأҸо⻢ͦͣͦÿİ٣ÿˡ

ª߳˻δȵڿϧܽªߵŭιĳϣüëһ˵깥
ڲ֪ˣ
𣿡
һʣꡰȭȥ˹ҪȽ󻢽ȴ֮Ƽ󴫸Ϣæ֮˵ֻ󻢣ܽ𣿡
ϸо֮϶Ϣţȫâ֮ӵѭϢ䣬ײ˳ڡ
ϷһЫ̣
ªߺţЫӵֱ̣꣬ͬʱ׼ȳ˲䣬ոϵһ̣ª߼̸оԾ̴֮̽Уڼªɫ䣬ųϺġ
ϵȻ˵ĻᣬڶȭֱӴڳªߵϣһȭ֮󣬳ªȱʧһ룬˵ĻҲ˵ȭɱ
ҲƬʱªߵ꣬Ѿ˥˽֮һªǿҵĲУԥתҪӣ֮ʣó󻢶Ϻ󣬵סϡ
һ£ª߾Ϳ󻢵ܵĵ·ϣªߴŭȴǺ𲻳ֻʶŭ˵󻢣㵲סʲôȥ̳ǸСӣ졭
ţȴ˳ªߣªŴõ죬𾪡ŭȵ˵˲䣬ȭͷϮ˫ع֮£ªɡ
ɵһ˲䣬ªߵʧȥѪ֧֮ţҲ˥һͱϵ˸ɸɾ
һϵбʣΧ߳һ󾪣һ˺СйŹ֣նɱȡеʯ˵
ϳڵӣǵж
⣬ôҲʮŸ
׿ԽĴڵӣ߻شţ߶Ǹǰȥĳ󻢣ɻ󣬾ʱִ˭ɱСӣΪҴ籨˳ҾͰʯ
ҵģ
ҵģ
ҵģ
·ˣתΪѾǴ԰ìͷָϣ𴫳ʮɱһЩߣסˣԷߡ
ʱһῡɵߣȻԵõشԶɽˮɱ¾


1771 ڻ
˵ĸַɱóʯûĿĻͼ廹治һ⻹ܲһ
ţѾ嵽ߣȭһϵȭʽ󻢡ɪQȵȶһȥԡɱϣǲ׼С
˹ɫ䣬ŭȵԶ٣ʲôӢۺú
ûж٣ûйƽûӢֻۣ
һȳӻصȫҪᡣ£ɫֱըӱƷȥţǵĹһӵϣӻǻԹޣѪɽ
׿Խٴնɱһ棬ɫ΢Щ԰ףȻʩչһɱĴУҪĴҲ׿Խϻһʵʦ֣ôǻһ𣿡
ʦΪҶδޣ;ǵжҡ
Ŷԭɩӡ
׿ԽЦ˵Ŀ⿴󻢣ֻ󻢿Щ֣ʦ־͡
ڵ¿ռ̨ͨʱ򣬵õһ汦ܹʱħʧǣҵָӣҲȱݡ
Ϻ˵ţЩֵ󣬾׿ԽʣҲʵģ˵һ£Ҳܵ鷳˵һ룬ϻһת˵ЩˣǴڣǵߵͷˡ
ʦ˵òǴŲ֪棬Ǵڵˡ׿ԽһѪζɢȴһҺûкҳ֣ҪȻնɱڵӣֿɾȫ¶ˡ
Һá
ЩѾ׼ǳˣȴûжҪ֪Ǵڵ˵󻢡ɪQǿǸǰ߽й
СӣӺȥ󱮣
һԲߣ޵âֱնϣûնһ۵ߣȻһֱ˴˵ĵ
ĳ棬ͬһʱĻڵӹȻһ㣬õأ޺ᣬ֮еڵһ֮󣬺ͣϢԱɱȥϽ˼׿Խһɱȥ
˺һģɱǣ
ߺ֪ؾȳȴ׿ԽǽѾնͷûбֵ̫ڣȴܽ˴ˣϿƺƴɱʵϣȴ뵶ԽԽеʯû
뵶ӲԶ֮ʱĿԶɨֱ˺Σգ賤ϸΣճ̶ȣأ˭
ţӴӡлعȵӡ˾ӣǻʲôжԶԶ
磬Ҫһ𣡡
ǧѣǰʲô磬һܹȥģ
ֵͬģϽ𣡡

۽ᣬǸӡһǰѣԲһǵֲ˵ֻǴţߣһһʱΪұС
㲻ߣǾԲߣ
˵ţŵӿ޾жҪƴʱﴫ㲻˸һòҪ
㡭
ɨ˳һ۾ɱŨɱģ޾ʹ࣬˵֮ǰҪ£ΪֵܲŸпӵһֵܿΪƴ൲Ҳ壬ŹҵĸֵܣֻҪŹĸҪʲôС
ҿԷŹǣԷŹ㣡
ǰʲô
ϼȭһߣ˵£Ҿ͸ɣֵȻԽ鴳¡
£ҪǵڻңУҿΪ㵱ڻңĸС
ڻңûг䶨ʱ˭ڻңƾ˵ʵ벻ȻһԣҪҶŵģ˵ԾڴˣѡԼʱֻӡ
ϱɱ¾뵶Ӵ̸ŵʱͣԶˣ˳һۣ˵е˼ȷʵ˭ڻңҪҳ⣡
˾ϴݣֵϷѾˣ֪ǸںδΪһУŪҲʵ鷳һЩϣǸҲ֮С˵ţĿһδӳɨһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ȻӣڽԪ
ɨĿ⣬Ҳоˣǿסȥɨӵĳ嶯ȴڰʮֵؽ䱸ͬʱ˵֮˸͸ĵӣһѣԳ˵һΣƭңҲóѡ
ϴ˵һʮ󣬵͵شӣǽ󱮣ȫӸǸСӣ


1772 Σ
Ӵ֮һʱ仹δ׹磬󱮡ǵõ󱮲ףҵõ֮󣬸Ǳ׷ɱ·µţ˴Ū󱮣ǶٵѪͺˮ׸ǸСӣЩ᲻á
ʱ˵Ǳ׸ǾͿ԰ȻˣҪذΧʱ֪ôġ
԰
ӻȻϣҲ⣬󱮷ڿУЩ߽˳һ˺׿Խȴڵӣֱȥ
׿ԽҲҪ󱮣æͣ¶˵˼˵ɱˣ
ʦ˵ò˿ܣȴܲˡ
׿ԽǽնڵҲǷǳĬأɱˣҲú볣裬ټϳ󻢡ɪQɱһ档
ҽʱӣеʵ磬ˣ
ӣǻŴ𣿡
Ȼţ
ӵĻ˾ʵ磬ôˣΪʲô˵Ļ
ûʲôֻҪңƴҲὫǰȻȥǣһ㣬˵Ļж֣ǶҪΪʲôȥУ𣿡
ȷʵޱɻȴԿ϶صͷ˵˵ʲôǾʲô

ӵ˵ͷһݣ˵ڣȥֵϢЩ׷ɱǵʱҲˣҲ׷ɱˣ
ǣɱһ
˽ɱȥͬһˣư磬ɱȻն֮󣬵ˣ֮ǰĻʲôû˵ٶȣɱ¾ս
ӿȥĵˣЦһЦߣƴɱҲѾˣ˳֮⣬ŵģˣһ˲䣬߱׿ԽǺɱֻʣһˡ
һԡѪĿУܽǵˣϷòģҲõϷ󱮣˵ţ˼ɱУһ󱮡
׿Խ˴ţ߻һξ룬ֹһݣ˲أٶȾѭ̤ڳҪץסǿ֮ʱһн֣һץס󱮣ӡ
ĿȴЦ˵ղҰæΪرɡ˵ֵ꣬ˣһ԰㽫˽
䣬Ҫ󱮵ߣӺһը˵ȡ꣡羪һ㣬ڲԶ
𾪣֪ǴģʲôʲôĿģ֪˺ΣգȻΪҲʵɸղ澳ǿģȴǿװףǱԼըġ
Ǹһ֣ͽ߼Ҫ͵ߵĵ֮У뵤㱬ըߵԪһ
ϼģҲģȴûмôɾôģǹ֮ǿߣ˵ĸо·ʲôںһ
ţѹ¾ȣʣµĿУ׿Խӣ˵ʦ֣ǽǿһ
ڵҲͬ⣬֮УҲ˽ղһĻԽеǣôһϣҲûá
ȴ˵Ȱ㣬òҪȥ
Ϊʲô
Σգ
ʲôΣյģôˣ׿Խ˵ţһԾڼǽֱնȥҲΧȥϾ۾ضţֻʳָһ׿Խնȥǽֱӷգؼ֮У˵֮ڣ㲻ܰνһΣļǾͻϣ
ƣ׿ԽһҲܽԲɣֻһǻնȥҲͬĽ
׿Խɫ԰ޱȣӶ˵֣
˲ҳ֣뵽˵ġΣա֣˻׿ԽѾɫԼû˵ĻϰοҵʦӦûа취
ԣʦ𡭡
׿ԽӦͣ˶ͷһǰȥȫǲأǷɢ˳ϵߣԳΪǰȥ
бһۣ˵ҲΪϷǱʣ֪ͲӦñֵôǿˣٿеĻ°һ籾ˡ
켴ߵķһۣŲ˳ǵͬʱһת˸䣬ǰУ˵磬ĲҪ𣿡
һЦͣ½Ųת̯ƣֻУȻ󱮵һС䣬żͼ˵˭һ󱮣У
磬̫ˣ֪Ҳһ˷ܵ˵ţҹȴɻʵ磬ôûз֣


1773 ã
ҹ˺õһ󱮣źεҪãЩȻ˰ٷ֮ʮŵ󱮣ǣٷ֮һ󱮣󱮾Ͳ󱮣𲻵Ӧеá
صؿĸֵһۣ˵ӡ˾ӡҹӡϹӣǼסǰ˵ĻҪʲҪ˵ֻ
磬ʲôԣ˵һԡ
ûпԣֻǱѡ
ų˵Щĸֵܵļ򣬵ͷԶжȥ˵кص¡
˭ô粻ģϹӾģ
ԣٱֻ

˸ϽϵӵĽŲᶨƵǰȥ֪δ֪
׿Խǻһ賤ҲʹϡϾһ߻ӣЩ֮⣬Ĵڵӣ㲻֪ȥ
賤ţ󱮣֪кãܲĽ⿪Ƭ֮أ
˵󱮾ؼ֮
üǳ˼˵ǹؼ֮ǵõ󱮣ƬҲûзʲô仯ƶϵĻӦ֮ñԿףһԿ׿ס
ʦ˵ȴ֪˿ںУ
˵賤ЦںУֻҪҵԿ׿ףã㹻ˡ
Ǽ
˵ţ̤߳ѰԿ׿׶ȥ賤һֱɨܣ˹۲Ƭյγɣ̽յںδ֮⣬ΪѰҡ˫ټϾ˫ҪţѰ˲ٵطûзֳ˫ӰĪǳ˫Եûܽ˵ĻЩϧֻϣܺŮ޶ţȻͰ׷һˡ
ͬ뷨ģһںģҲƬĴѰңͬʱǻѰ󱮡
֮Укüǵǹƥһ棬һͳͼס֮ˣȻ󼴱ǲ˿󷨣Ҳ˶ʱ䣬ȴѾ㹻Զѭ
ѰһΪȫ֮󣬱ĥܵĻ֮ǰֶΣ֮ⷽУҲӦôŶԣҲ˵ÿһ󷨣൱һֻ֧Ҫ֧ȥܵۻ˵֮ĵ㡣
ţϻٿšġ١ġڽɿռɵĴ֮УٲӰ
żĵһһն£Ѿõȳһ룬ʱߴˮľӢӣһߣոմ廨õսҲһ¶ӣսʲܣֱһ£ȵãȸүүսٻغϡ
죬õĲ㣬Ȼã˼Сݼһ˰Խ䱸ȴ׽֮⣻ٻɽˣɽΪ֮Զ
ˮ¶ֶмӣѾ¿ռ⣬һĮӣ䣻һӰðͷĮеķ˻Σٱȥ
һʱ֮󣬺ӰײһײĮУĮֱӽЩ˸նɱҪնӰ֮ʱӰײ壬Įеõһʶ㿴һģҪٳһҾֻЩ˾ȥˡ
ĮкĪȴźӰǰȥ֪ǹ⻹ɺϣӰߵ·պýˮ¡ֶȫˡ
ͦʱķͻסΣȵǬ
׷ʲô£
ϵĻ飬ԥأתӣԭ·׷˻
˿̣һȺ˻Ѱ賤ǵ㼣йĸоԽԽǿңһʱ벻оںδ
ʵʱ򣬳ϺһռѭΡϧΧ۾̫࣬ʵܣҪֳӦǣǵĴ󲿷˼ڲԶĸŵϣûпʲô
ҲǸΪʲôǣǽٶ죬ǶǸ֮ľ룬Զһɲ䡣
ˣкĿģ֮ǰе󱮶ߣҲǲܵ飬ǣƫƫֻȡһ飡벻˳űưһӳ˽ȥ
һ֮󣬳ϴӱл󣿻ǵͼ߽ǣ£ϳֲ󣬽סջ֮֮꣬һ
ϴ˾٣ڵЩɻ󣬻ûȫӰβǽʵѹ׿ԽȴЩ⣬뵽˳˵ȱݡ
֪УѾձ·ʱ֮괫ϢӦ󷨣ЩӦϣֻⱮƲ
Ӧ
ţĪҪˣƽ֮һۣ


1774 ɱ֮
ͷʼҲֻ룬ûȥ棬ϾǸ˺Σգ⣬뵽֮ǰɨԼϵĿ⣬Ȼһֹĸоԣܲ־Ͳ֡
ǳ֮󱮱ĥԽԽǸоٵǿ鱮ƵҪԣ˼ǰߴʱͣ½Ųתȥֽȴǿסˣ֪ϲͿ£϶ɡ
׿ԽǴžȿųϣûгֵĴ㣬ûֵĴ㣬һھ֮󣬻һĨЦݴ롰˫֮ͬһϵ¦
ԼҲеС⣬ȴ˵һ䣬˻ʺΪϷǱº󲻾ãϱվǰϲ֪ǰ˾ǵѰӣǳֱӵ˵ܷһۣ
Ŷأ
ΪҲǻ֮ǰֻһ󱮣еľֹԵģϻص뿴ıƣƶҪߵ·
ƻɣ
Цȴɫص˵ͷȡ󱮵ݸϣȳϽӵкӲʵỹҵģ𣿡
ϣҲ㣿
һü˵㲻Ļͻն㣬ͲˣԣûǻңʱԾһ㡣
棿
Ͻּĥ׿Խ˿һĻЩɵۣ¦˵ţôలأǸ˻󱮶
⻻¦ϵĻǾܷ£ǱߣһĿת˼Ȧüͷ˫ۻȣ̫ţˣ𣿡
ʣٴǰȥ˽ʱϽ󱮻ӣȻûȫŪףıƣѾμ
лл㡣
֣ĿⱾܵ濴ȥΪҪл󲿷ֶǹлĿһɨţЦҪҪٰѱƸȫ룿ʱֻҪӦһС
֪Ʋô֪ģǺηʥ
һʣڳһһľ̾ţȷʵһڵУ뵽⣬ػӳֿʼһĻһĻﲻɵ֪ҵļƻһ
˼ǵ˵ˣ󱮸ʱȻͻǿá˵꣬תȥӿıӰϢ˵ϻûг֣ͽһ̿θ˰ɣ˵仰ʱӿһ˿о
ԶӼֽ䱸֮󣬳ϼͷ֮ϣоϵı֮⣬ϻĥǬͨǺݣǣȴñٳǬɲ洦С
֮ݳǬľͨ󣬳ǵǰԶһƴɱһ߽ƴɱǸȻǳͣϾ˫ȭѵ֣·磬˺ܿҪ⣬ųһ˵ĵҵƴɱ߳Ҳ˹˼ɣڷųͻȻ֣ϾӴĶ飬Ǻټġ
Ѫߣɨһ£һ۱㶢ס˳ߵʱ˺С㣬Ҳʧģ
ˣ֣ޣ
֣޶ﺰһٴת۾һĨȣСӺ͸ղźһˣƺʲô仯
ŮǰҾ飡
һ䣬֣ںƾɱȥһʱ侹ѹи֣߾ȫ࿹ʮк֣ͻס֣˻ȥص˵üһԾõȣǷǳĲòͻ˼ˣ
Сӣǰװᡭ
ɱ֮
֣ӰͻʧˣֻſҲղ棬Ѫ֮ʱ䱬߶һۣȵһϣ
ɱ֮Ժ
һ浹£ʣµ治֣ɱȥתӣ֣Ӱ֣һºȵɱ֮ʮ

Ӱʧ𣬵Ҳмնɱ棬֣޻ڽѪѽʪΨϣɾޱȣûһ˿Ѫ֣նɱ˺ٶǰ˵С㣬õˡ
֣޿ϵЩܣתϣʵǡû֣꣬һѪε˹ȥղУ̫Ѿ¡
ǰ֣޽£ȴ֣ʩչбɱʱɢϢûмģǳİǣ
ͬʱ۾еˣ˵˼ҲˣϷԽԽϲˡ


1775 ǳΣգ
Լ˵֣ޣżƽԭ·ｫԼ֪ȫ˵˳˵ⷬʱֵֹֹĸоԼڽͣƲ֣޵ĹϵһţЩؿ˳һۣϻص飬ŷ
˼񣿡
Ͽʼ֣ʲôɺ˵óʱͻӹĳ뷨ֽע֣ʩչɱʱɢϢϡ
ԺʮЩ似֣Щر𣡡
ţ˺ܾҲû뵽ƵĶûУԸ͹๻صˣȴ֣ޱҪأһʤ棻Ͻ׿Խ˵ıҲ֮ǵɻ֪ЩڵҲǸ㲻
ӣûȥȴһֱǸ˿϶֪
ʱ֣˹ѹһɢӣɿһӾ˾͵ܵǰϵĲ֮ųЦݣŵ̬ԽԽƯС㡭
֣˵꣬ʹĻʵ˼أ
֣Цһ͡
㲻˵Ҫչ˺ôˣ
С㣬ģ֣˵ȵô˼һˣȥ˼񡣡
أ
ģûһ˵֣꣬޺ͣϢض˵ҪģԼС㣬ʱ˿̣˾˴£ľƺΣգǳΣգʮ𼱵Σգ
˵ʲôʲôΣգ
üͷЩ壬֣һָϣеޱ£СΣոԴ
㵽Ҫ
ҲҪ˵ֻҪܽȻҲĸʣҲԸ
Ҫףȴֹ˵˵Ҳһ¡
ӾС
ֱ֣ϣ˵С㣬ˣ
˵ʲô
Ҫ֣ټ˵С㣬˵ꣻһ˵ԸˣرòܲģòŮϲӢ۾Щ£ǺСһ£һЦݣһǣֵȵȣֻҪŮһжϣŮľˣԵҩɾȣʲôȥǾޣʲôֻҪҾ͸оҸ֮飬һ㶼ϡ棻ˣˣк飬˵Ǹ֮ˣла⣬˵ѾԼеŮˣ£ҪŮռһϯ֮أǾһޱѵ飬԰㵱ã԰㵱ѣֵܣѰ㵱Ůˣǡ
ѿʵʲôʳžòԾһ졣
֣޼״ɾɥ˵һǳˣѾȥˣӦ㣬Ͳлˣ
ﲻ˼ʣȴǺصʵ
Լѵ𣿡֣޴кܴĳһܻغȵŮΪܶܶ£ʲôϵɽ»𺣣ǶСƣ΢ص㣬ǸĴۣ߱ȸĴۣٻ˵ʲôΣʲôĸ֮ŻΪŮļһλҸұ֤λñеŮˣСöˡ
ڵ
֣ȴһߣ˵ʹڣû֣޿ۺӣֵҪǻˣûķգǾԵİٻйٻ뻳Ҳˣһһִ飬ѳɻƻڵһֻڵС۷䣬Ĵɻ
ӵɫҲЩסת˲ָֻЦݡ
֣޻˵յľˣԵĲ飬ԾһŮΪּÿһŮ˶ҸΪ֮׷󡭡
˵ţ֣ͻתͷϣɱң
ȷʵղųϵжɱ֣޾ǵһμ棬ֻ֣һۣͻԹȥ󣬾˵һ
Щϴ𾪣֣ǰɢĹҪ󣬾˳죬Ϊ֣˵ЩȫģϵľԴŮ˵̬ȾܿȻ
ֻһۣܷôȥ룬Ҳ֪ǶôĿ£ƣ֪֪ˣܰսת˲׼ȷ֪ԼԸԼԸĻԶ
˵Զˣǰװɡ˫òϢ񣬶һȱݣԸȱݣϾ˫ʲôԸ񣬳ϲ֪˫ƽʱҲ֪
˿̣¦ɵɨڳϣѹסе𾪣˵Ҳɱģҡ֣ԣһӿӡ


1776 ս
ⲽǰ̤ǰһһ̤֮󣬱ڳ֣޵ǰûһռ䲨·Ѿڽһ
ڵʱעϣԽ䱸׿ԽȻ˫۳ޣ¦ҲɵĿӳջأӡ
ЦŶ֣˵˵ˣҲɱģҲ׼ȷһ㣬Ҳɱ㣬Ȼˣֻһ棬ֻ˼һᾡһġ
֣ɫأ˵ڼǰңҪ
Ӷ࿴ۣͷԳ˵Ҫû棬ͻǰˣԣͰɣŬԼȤúһ㡣
ϻûлش֣޾͵վڳߣȻ˵У˵棬ȴ˵ûҺ棬仰˵涼磬֮һصĴɷ̵£Ӧһ𣬸ķһ
֮ǰĲŮҲʹɱ𣿡
ȫʣ֣һ㶣˲׹֣˵ֵ֧ȥңҶӮ
һϣҸղŻĺӦңҵְҵʹѾҹͷ֮У֮С
֣ɢȥЦ˵ɲɵӣǰӢùֵˣѹʵ̫ˣϳһԣȴϳϸС
ģƣǹɽˮĺʱ⣬ʱ⣬ô̸۴ɱɱأӦ̸̸飬˵˵Щɽġ
֣޻˵ţȴֱӣ˵ղ˵ս
Ŷ˼ˣս
ϻû˵֣Ѿվڳϵߣ˵Ƕ飬ôܽ׵һأ֣ΪȫȻпգҲһ׼ģǰһӻںȳ㣬һӾͽǶ
ðǾһս
ɱ֮󹬡
֣һҪɱУץס֣˵ĵģġ
˵Ұװ׵˺һӣĵģʲô»ʫʣֵģʤȫû⣡
ս󷨣
˵¦ɻһ֣ЦðôȣӴӦһЦϸµ˵һǴ󣬿Ƿܲȫȷ󷨣
أ
Ͽ֣ޣ˵һ㣬ûʲôġ
أ
ӽ˳ϵսȡ˽Ǹйʱ仯ͼӽ˹һɨ֮󣬵Цݣ˳һۣʵǶã
ҵʦΪֹ
˵ޣ˭Ҳ֪Ƕãȫƾпʱ֮㵽ҲпҵпҲ
ȻǱ
˵꣬ͼӻظϣǰУ֣ȴǴ˵ʲôŮҸ˵ҶƳŮˣֵһʧ
Ͻͼ֣ޣվߣΪ¦Ҫ˵Щǲ׸ᣬ¦˵˻Ҳʹס뿴һͼĻϱߺ˵ţȴţϣܹʱһɣܹӳʱĻҾܶˡ
ʱúܿ죬תۼȥӵûһݣǰǰЦգӣ·ûнϵݳġ󡱷ֱȴԽԽŨ˵Ӧòʲô⡣
ʱҪϵı·ҲߵͷˣȻһǣҪûв´ĻȻǸΧ֮ڣЩ㿴賤ˣԱ
Ҳһʱˮ¡ֶԼˣڹ֮д棬ϵġġ֮Ѿﵽǧ˷ܵ˵ţùȻûд֧ٵģ
Ǳߣŵ賤ϣͻֹס˲ӣϡֹ賤ϣðκ賤ۣϼʵʦܣʲô֣
賤ûлشȴӣǴʲôӣһӴűһ賤˵ϵĻҵԿ׿ˡ

Ǹ̶
賤һָǰ棬ϵʱٶȣ̶ȥǵٶȲν죬̶ʱһ˴Ӷ˹
ǵĵ̣ߣ
ɶȴһͣδͣϵϣ̶֣ԼУ£ӰƿȥҲʾ
¡
˴ԽԽ⣬һߣĴѰңЩ֪Сھںη


1777 һʱ䣬Ů츳
Χǳˮ̶ƴɱ̫ңûܵ⣬޺ӰеֻһȭһţһһһֶѣɾЩƮƮĶȴ̺ɱǴ澳ĵӣ߽ƴɱķΧпܵĽ־ǣ˼άûзӦѪ֮ˡ
ǣƴɱĵǸˮ̶ȴһ¶ûУ
һʱ賤һռϷ磬˵ٲȥǱҪɱˣ
⻰֮׵һɫǳѿǾ׷ĿǰľƣʵںܶӣΪ״µߣȻۻôӣԼܹȻȥǣ˾Σˣֻʣһ˵ĻҲԷǿ࿹⡣
ô죿
߶ˮ̶ѵҪ𣿿Ǹп桭Ҫٶһ֮ǿߣǾͺðˡ
ߣǾȫ°ɡ
賤ϵѾ󣬾ȥȱܿԷâͼ֮ʱԶһòǳƽ֣߳ȴǴϲæ̶Ҫ֮
ƽ߳һۣʲô̶һģ޹ϵֻҪҵС㣬ûҵСӰƽҪԶȥЩңôûɲŹæ˵ֻҪһѣҳŵ£
£
ƽͣ½Ų̶ֿһۣţ󱮷Ŵ̶˴϶䶯˵СҲ˴ôһ룬ƽ߾˵ò£һ¾͹ˡ
ԥһ£һ¶ܲһ㣬Ҫ£ǿɾЩ鷳ǣʵʲô£
Ҹˡ
ã
һӦ賤˵Ҳ԰ˡƽ翴ǰľƣҪĲһѹһƽ⣬ʵƽĺ䶯ԣƽûᣬվһߣ賤ɫƣȴЩ޿κΣȻǻкܴĽЩߣȴҪĴۣǺ滹кܶҪ˻
˼֮£賤˾ȾȥŶ̶֣ȴ󱮵٣ûеȺܳʱ䣬ʱ֮һƬͦʱĳһˣڳԶ
һֱɨܵ賤ϣһ٣ˡ˫ϣٿ롰˫ôܵӣϲ˫ȻлԵ֮ˣò󱮾аɣ
ƽ߻ǵ۾Ҳһ˿⣬ȴǲɫվߵһӪ֮У󣬳Ҳ賤ǵĴڡ
׿Խϲޱȣҵʦζǽоˣȴӣƽ˵ʱ䵽ˡ
㣡
һֽֽ棬ͼ˵ʱһʱʱҲӵһʱ䣡
һαϲеĸоû뵽˼õʱ󣬾ôʵسǰӵһʱ䣬˵ޱȷǷ壬ԱóʵҲʱܹ࣬
Ȼھϲ֮Уϲûбȫͷԣǰܹóһʱʱ󣬱ָزɲ²⣬ʵǿ󲻿׽ڵǲֿܵģֱһʱ䣬Բļޣڶ㣬˵ϲ⣬ڽȹʱ䣬ȷʵǱı˵ģΪʲôҪԶ
˼ǧӵִ˹˵ס˵Ļ㲻ܱ棬ȤܸģȻջȻջصĿɲһ󷨣
£յǰȥԶ賤ǣ·Ҳķ羰һǰˣʣµˣע˳ϡ
֣˵Ƕʲô󷨣ҿ˰ҲûпһŮҸҴģҪŮҿ϶󡣡
ŮйصģƺǳóŮ޹صģͲ˲١ֱ˵֣һƣ˵˵ˣֻҪŮմϱߣǶѣڻ¡
һ츳𣿡
ڷԽԽ˼ϲ˴򽻵
˵ҺΣա
˵Ů˵Σգˣֲ뺦㣬˵ŹͬĵˣʲôΣգ֣Ц˵ҪĿһ˵ðɣ˵ʵӰС㣬ҪС㣬ȾҪ㣬ҪıŮ˵Ĺ۵㣬Ҫ
԰Ůоǣǣǣ
˵һŶĻ켴賤ȥϻ֣ޣų˵Ļȴ˵֮ϲٴοͼ۾Ŀ⣬


1778 ŷ
˫ȻԵӵдԵ֮ˡ
賤ϿųϽ󱮣Ц˵ǫ˵ʦĹʦ˵ֿߣҲòЩ󱮡
󣬳ֲ˵ϧӰ²ûне󱮶Уһһǡ
š˫ģ賤϶Щ˼˫һУɶΪԼĿģ賤ɨһӣ˵˫⣬ѾǷǳˣˣӦ˴󹦣Ϊʦˡ
賤ϵͣ˵¦죬ӿЩĵᡢǫ顢תȻȻǺȤ
֣ҲǸɻ󣬳Ҳڴ⣬ջѾС֮ʱѾУһҪĿģҪС̵øѹǳ˯Աһαǿ
ڴУϵ̫ںһԭСڣиԭֳôǿߣ֮ǿ߾ž߸Ȼܱ̬ȴûб̬һ֮Ծ߸֮ǿߵĵز˵߸һ͹ˣرǻҪСֱ¶֮賤˵׷ɱ
ȡɲôȡģ
ϴ⣬Ͻӹ賤ϵĻ˵ȷʵǴһһŹŷԱܹ֮һ
˵ţϽһСķ˳ϣЩ㵵ؽӹŷģ׿Խ¦ȴӿ޶ʼ賤˵лʦ
ллʦ
æϹлʵһջ񣻳ϴôռλϣԹŷȴǷӣسľӢӣѾˣ㣬ôлԵģܻסһһȻҪǣǹŷá
ŷԴãԳ˵ɾŴˣŷڱ¶֮󣬶һӳĻʣ⣬ϻԶԴ˹ŷоĥ̶ԼƷ
ڳϵķ⣬׿Խͱˣߵߣһʦ𡱣ǰͼӴ׵˵һ˵ϵʱӣȵǽ
ð
Ц˵ֻ£ʶȤոշĵϣɫ͵ش䣬ʱ֣ȵҪɱ
ǰˣǽͽ𣿡

ŵ͵һͣȴһƴɱУԳЩ֮࣬Ҫ֣ȴ˵Ǹ·ͷڿ϶ϣɱһأɱһ
ʦܣ
ϳסֻ£ڻƴʱҲŴˣϵؿڱһŭ𣬶׿ԽͳϵйڣͬǴڵӣض飬ȴҪһȥ
׿Խί֮ǰѹˡ˫һͷӳ֣ҲΪҪǿУ˭֪£ί֮࣬׿ԽܵԼԹޣ˳ϡ
˵׿Խ˴ܹ⿪ǽ
ллʦлл
׿ԽڿһϣȴǶӣƽʵһߵģ
һҲǡ
˵˵ȴǱȥϼʱףøҸһЩǻվڴߣûʲôˡ
ȻǴϲѣղڵû󱮣ᴦʮֲľ棬ȴһ󱮵ǰһҲ˶ŵʱʵҲǿ
ޣ賤ɻ󣬴ȴƽޱȣ˵󱮻һǡ
ûţٵһһ󱮾Զˡ
ӽӹ˵ϵͷǾ͵Űɡȴһǡ֮ǰǻɣҿ϶Ǹ˿϶֪ļƻ
ô֪ҼƻģǼƻ뵶Ӵġ뵽Ľͻһ˲²⣬ĪҴ˵Ļ
Խ룬Խֿܣ۶ôǿ󷨣п֮һССĴƲãңʵܸߡ
û¶κα飬ȴһ㣻ͬһʱ̣ҲоĪѹǹѹ̫Ũˣѹ촭ȴѹԼ֣ҲóĬϾһҪСˣʵе࣬·Ѿ֮ĲѪɱ
Ȼ˵һ֮󣬵˵ٴθ˵ǣϱҪȥ£ٴαסһǣҲûʲô
վߵӪ֮УȴһһŵҪ߻ǵİΣǾǡ
ȻӦʣ
Ƕڿƴȿ˵Σ
ã
󱮶˿Уͬʱˮ¡ֶĮУԼһЩˣվڵһϡ


1779 ʧտ
һǣſ󱮣ˮ̶Ͽշȥһ
˵Ŀ⣬賤ϵһǿߣѵ׿Խ֮ϣһĿ֮УϵĿЩһǿ󱮣ܲܺһ𣬳ȴǽһ󱮣Ҫǿıƣıƺһ𣬲ܳΪ󣬲ܶдá
Ǹʱ֮ѾȫˣֻҪк㹻ģʱȫ⣬ֻǣʱҪܸߣҲûдﵽʲô϶Բʱľ磬ʱģҲϣµı棬ն
󱮺׾ͱ飬ҲǺףſ鿪󱮣໥֮˴˾£һأƽ󱮷˹âž߾ԽԽɢĹâŨ
͵أͫŵеľעϣΪıڷű仯Ϻεؽ֮ҪƵı仯һ㲻©ؼ
賤ϼ״ص˵ͷĵжȷǳߣĿԵ²һ¡賤ϵĿ⣬˲٣һп¦ĸŨѾ⡣
ϲܣӺ󣬾ſȫһһ϶ѿĺۼûУ羵棬ı˲伱
˵֮ǰյıƿǲ׺Ļڵıƾھɣ֮䣬̫죬Գ֮ڵʵֱܽ仯ȫܹǳ֮ʮɫâԼܼǵø࣬ǾƲֻƴؼţܼǶ١
ͬʱ̶Ҳڷű仯̶ˮҲԵ޹ʵʧˣһйâɢңӦţ̶ȥΧաɽˮԷЩ仯
϶ԽԽ٣ͼԽԽ򵥣ʮ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ϊһ
ʱ̶֮࣬һ̣ϵıȫʧˣ󱮿հһƬϻ֮УűƵʧбڼʱ
ɵȲóϽ𾪼ȥȫǶ̶У£̶ʧ켴пһ߷ȥЩɿռɵɽˮͬʿһ㣬ڴ֮ǰ
ڴŴ򿪵ʱ棬ͻؿһֱ·ͨ󺣣ϲ˵ȻǺ֪Ҫʱ䣬һ·ҵǰ
Ǳߣŵˮ¡ֶȴоٶѹҵǣû˶ô͡
һʲô˭賤ϡߵһڹ֮ǿߣûȥõȥ¦֮У򱻷ŵȻ賤ϲǰ;Զġ˫ȥڻңԡ֣Ǿûôõˡ
ƽ߿ץסϵ֣ͷϸֳһƣһţųϵĹϵûбǿȥȻƽҪ֡
֣һһǰȥͣǰһȫŮɽŮˮŮռŮıػŮ
֣˽ȥûκ鷢Ҳǳ˳˽ȥȴΣգڿռѱѪڣԶһ룬Կ־岻ѣȴһ˿û𣬡һܹҵģһܡ
ۿԾҪȫûʱһ𵴣Ը𵴳켴оյ˽ȥǱߵ˼״Ϊ£Щæǰȥ֪ͻһ紵ǵֱӱѪ֮ĩ
˴󾪣۾ֱֱʲô磿ܣ
δеˣеֱ䣬ܲҵأ¦֮еһˣǣǽڼ֮е׿Խʲô¶ûе˽ȥ
Ϊʲôеܽе˲ܽǻԭ򣿻ʲô׼棿ŵʱ򣬴Ѿǰǿڣʮ֮ʱ¡ը죬ջεХȴֻŴϷƸּ䣬ֹͣռ̤
켴Ҳ˽ȥееȴǰؾ˽ȥֻʣӡƽߺ賤ˣӶԳ˵ţľʱݣǧҪʧ
賤üͷһ壬Գ˵ǰ棬Ϊʦ󣡡
賤˵ȷʵֶһָжǣ߽Ĳֻ賤һˣƽߡ
·ϣȴǿһЩһֿĸоۿȥȻ䣬Ͼ£ûй֣賤͹
賤ϳֻ̤档
һ̤ȥ֮ǰʲôĶһسڳǰ֣


1780 Լˣѹһ
۵ԪʯҩݡЩƽ֮ֻǣЩԪʯֳݣԪʯɢϢպöӦľˮϢͲǳǰӴƷԪʯܱģǳۻ룬վͺһƬӿŲ㾪Ĵİ
⣬ЩҩݡֿƽʵҲо裬رһۿȥ಻ϣ·һҩɽ֮ɽֱ컯Ʒ
Ѿȫˣ㴣ǰЩʵ̫ǿˣҲ޼ļ֮ǿߣҲЩ̾벻һССڣͻ˲ƸЩѾ㹻άһ꿪֧ˡ
賤һ֣ǽӵǽżеһжȥһ˵ǲϣż̫ĶĶԽԽԽãڣֻǸսŶѣ㱦أ˭֪澿ʲôıأҪǳǶΪ֮ĶĶĻͲ鷳ôˣ˵䡢һĴʣͻʵ
Ǻģˣɨһۣ˵ţƷԪʯⲼãڵ̲֪᲻Ҿú˼Ķ֡
ڿĵһʱ䣬뵽ľЩ֮ﹻСڳһ٣ǲӡ賤һҲЩصǱ󷨲һģЩԪʯϾһ
˼˲ϢӰǰıأ漲ٳȥЩӰˣ賤ˣ賤֮ǰ˳һ񣬳΢΢ף賤ϳ嵽ȥҵܷżƷǷܾܵؽжȫء
ңڴС
ҲǰȥֻȻߵúŷ粽ӣҡǰȥ賤һ֮ǰҲؿ˳һۣ˱˼ȫһ
ƽ߼ǿ߶ǰȥˣɨΧľƣҲǰȥȥΪʲôֻС㰲Ȼ뿪˵أҲߵͦҲں
ȵǿǵӰȫȫʧҰ֮ʣµ˼ɣƷʯҩݵȵȳȥ׼һʺƣȻ˻ڰϣƴɱͺԤ׵رˣһڵĵӺɱ֣кŵһͬΧɱ
ͨʱ˿ռ䶯ȴֽ߳Ҳ⵽ѣû߳ȣڼ֮ʺͻأӳ졣
߳־˵еˣټϵԼһӪˣǶΪӻǵĻΧɱڵӡ
ȻǴһǣ˴ӱ֣⧲֮£Щʧأųһɱȥ̶ʱ֮ڣһȫ䣻ţڵҪնɱǣҪһǱΣȫ
ʱϿˣԼˡ
Լˣ
׿Խ˺ʸΪʲôɿ϶ص飬Ҳͽ˻ȥǰ˫Ļܺܲã֮ǰжʼȴҺԡ˫Ļ
ǺǲᵶˣֽĿⶢ֣ޣ֣֮ǰǿƣҿɶ֣ЦҿɲҪñɱŮģģ˵ǸƣʵҲԼˣҺŹͬĵˣˣ
һִŽ͵ĻټϳҲû˵ʲôڵӱϽ̷ŵҩָղŶݵƴɱ̫
ȴߵǵûвƴɱ׿Խ˿˿ɻ󣬡Щ˵˵һɣʵڻеһƴ
׿ԽҲûȥĿⱻ
ѾԪʯɵ󣬽һһѵļƷʯװ׿Խ˶Щۺ죬뵽ʱ˵Ҫ󣬱ǿаסеֻؿš
ǶΪ˫ҲȱһЩأʱҪģǲ֪ڴеСڣڱܵؿżƷʯ̺
ʮӺ󣬳ϲŽƷʯװ꣬ڸոװ˲䣬룬͸һ͸ҺΣҺθһϤĸоеԪҺȳеԪҺһ𣬶Ҫǿǿǧٱ
ûж뷨ֱӽ͸Һȥһ뵤ԭԪҺ츲صı仯ԪҺӸϣƷڼǿС磬һֶƬҶӣƬҶƬҶӶھϲ趯
ԪҺƷȭҲ١ţּҩ󡢷֮󡭡


1781 Ĺɻ
ҩУϵջ񲻴ħҩݣ漸УٵҩҲв٣롰ҩһ䣬Դġٵҩݣ⣬ΪġԪҩݣҲм
رصģȻƵҩֵ֮ҩݣҩݿǳͨûɢһ㣬ҲһŨĸоɳϽҩץ֮һֻ֮УһǾٱ
Ƶ󣬳ϽʽҲϵķ֮һպ󣬽һƽʯͷУõʯͷ˲䣬Ͼ׼ؽ
սıȫɨ֮󣬳ϴȥԼһӵӣ˿˵ڶ㱦أһЩϡ֮ܶ඼ǳ˵ֵġ
ЩڳУ󲿷ֶˡ֣СҪ̻ҪСŮȵȣҪ
ҺڣҪȻȥδҵЩҲҺûװ˫ȻҪ뽫Щڴһǳѵ飬賤ǾͲǸɫĬձ
һ·ʱ֣԰壬ųϣ˵ǿӣϲͬʱٿѵˮǣڵ˱͵ûзƴɱ֮¼ֶؿĮһۺ󣬼ȥѰҴڵĺۼ
ߣǰŵĳǣѾܹǳǰƴɱĺ¡죬һڵ˵ǰˣǿһ㣬ȴλһ֮
ǲĻǰȥ
˵ղ˵ɫһͣ켴ָԭ۾ȴżĲ˲ǰУȷʵ֮ƴɱĻóȻȥǾĽ֡
׼Ⱥһʱ֮ʣϳʾһȻ󵥶ǰȥ׿Խۿиȣͬʱﻹϲֻǹʺ˱ȽϺöѣԼһΪԼжƵģ֮ǿߵƴɱҲȥȥɣһȥͻزˡ
֪˾ֹðգԼΨǰУȻռ˲֮Сڵĳɳ˵ٵÿ˵ǸΣյˣֱԼתߵĻܾܿһйɱԼҲҪˣһˣͲԶˡ
ݴľҲشڳϣϸ̽Ѫ֮Уʹ˷ѹÿһҪϲٵľ⻹ֻ֮أУ֪ܲǶôĿֲҲһԴĻᣬʵ֮ǿߵĹպҲӦԡ
̶̵ľ룬˰ʱߵʱһֱھۼѭٶʱ͵ͣ½Ų̤һ̤֮ǿߵƴɱˣǰΣգˣΪһ죬ܻᵽ
˿̣Ѿǵͨ죬ǼȡϣĿģǱԼΪԻˣԼ
һ̤ҽţҽŸأϮĹȱ֮ǰǿǧ򱶣ϱܵȥȴ۾أҪǳâʮɫâȥȥΪҲʲôǰնǡնɱûã
ֻƾŸоȥܡ
ϸоľǻ𡢻ҡԵȵϢЩϢԶԶڹϢǷ𣿲֪Ǹ˵ϢһɣŵʱѾѪֹ
ʵӲûвսμ˫賤ˣټƽߣƽ߶ϵ賤ϣƽȻ֣ȴƴɱڱȻһ
賤ϵȻҲ˳ƽǳʲôĿģΪʲôֻƽӦͬʱ֮鿴ܻҪƵ󣬽żУ賤ϵעǰλõһĹϣֱڴоͻǷĹ֮С
УĹ
賤ţˡ˫˳ȥȴ뵽Ҳһܺõĥᣬڣס⡣
ͬʱ賤ϵһ˿ɻ󣬿ɾʱƽߵĹͻȻ賤ƲɻӦƽߣԷĹ
Ȼûʧ
ӶԹ֮ǿߵƴɱȫȻȤֻר־Ķųϣأӵгɻ֮ɫʱ˿̣ǳϸоЩסаٱ䡷Ҫάֲ˵ʱ


1782 ˲
֮ǿߵƴɱʵ̫ڿֲ
ϵǿһӶûֵѪɳһϿҪĹͷ֧ţϹѪȥˡ
ڷǰʲôǣҲʲô𣿡
ŵʱָ仯ϵʱһ飬ǡаٱ䡷ѾʧЧļ󣬳Լ˳ȥˣȻһ¶Ǿ;ˡ
ƴɱನܣҪĸ˶һ֣ܲ
Ȼлв뷨罫ЩôһΪ֮ڵ굤鶼ĲǿʣڴţЩĿǰʵ֣ϣ׼ȥոյĸоһ㡣
һϴ󾪣ΪӸˣ˲ãӵСġ֮󣬲඼ñ˶ˣȴԼһӦ̧ͷӣΪǰֻпգ˶ƴɱأ
ȻڿӵʱӳųһЦѾʧĶȴһޱĻˣųȥʲôأ
һ֮侲˵ȻҪųȥˣ㲻Ҳ𣿡
ǿɲһ
ˣ̼ϷǾͲˡ
ģƬǿ֮£ôˣôȤģ㣬ҵȤ̫ҲνЦºͣ˵ҾãһкÿϷݣ˵ǳңԣ͹Թ°ɡ
ϲѾ˵߾ȫֿŨŨܹתšаٱ䡷һᵽʵҪԣʵлȨû㹻ʵֻܱ˼ҵӣ˼ҵԸ£
żϢʱ䣬Ͼһάֲаٱ䡷ĸоΰ죿ܽ˲ãܱ¶һ¶
ѵֻѡ𣿡
뵽磬֮ǰֻӦϣӵЧ̫󣬳ûȥԥûԥʱ䣬뵽һɲǣͽϡ
ʱϸоͷס֮ĺӦȻȻŰɳѾǿάסаٱ䡷
ֶΣ
һף磬üһ뵽ʲôȴֲȷԳҲԽӺˣ˵߽ˣǰߣôأ
ôԣϽü棬˵һϰ벽ܵĹر𣬿̤һаٱ䡷ת̾Ҫվ
ɾʱϵѾǰƶ˰벽ҪǰʱϽҧѪǻ˼˵ķ򹥻ܣôһ塣
ǳ뵽ģΨһпܻİ취һ壬ϵʱʹ֮У֮ǰѾα֮ǿߵĹǰһֱܱ̫Զˡ
ξҲûãûóڸո̽ڵ˲䣬ͱѿϲʹľңƴؽⶡϣڡ
֮·̲ϣ֮ãҲǳ΢ѣ˻˻죬ͷıҲңǳѨ϶űٵĿܡ
ϲ²ЩͷʵܱǰЩ˻ҪΪǹͷѶױ٣ǣȴȫӳͷ׵ȵȵǿܣһȻǼޣھΣвϻͦԸ״ΪЩŹͷӰ졣
ͬʱϵ֫嶼ڷ仯Ҳھҳ鴤ϢҲȶӶֱֱ˼һߣ賤ҲһĻɻǼõ磬ǿֳܹ֧˫һ
ǾƲߣҲ˳ϣڴ⣬лᣬҪնɱ澳Ϊ˳ʱ䣿
ϵĿֻ࣬гԼ֪
ûóϼǰߣеɻԳϸ߿˼֣óô׾ȥӸоԼҪ뵽ؼĶȴƫƫһ㶫
ǱߣƴɱҪֳƽûгȫ賤ֲ˱ʵҪѷһһΣߵĿҲĹҪһѡ
꣡
ߺһ˳ȥһͬӵģʱһֻ޴Ĺ꣬ڴϡǰʱӵĿҲڳĹ֮ơ
棬ˮһŴⱼԽԽ


1783 붼
һ㣬һ㡭
Ѫⱻ٣ͷסܵ˺֮һܣϵĵ֮ˣɾôһ룬ȴ·ԶҲ粻ȥӡ
ϧ굤鲻뿪Ȼǿ굤
һ̣ϻȻΧһУеĻܹõȫת֮ҲصУ֮תóЩǣѾǿһЩǿʣҲֱ㣬ת
ڳҪƺ׼ƴһ֮ʱǶڱ˵֮У׼õ굤Ȼײȥϧδײ飬굤˿
굤ܵꡢȵȣǧʹഫϸоԼѾһ㣬£ϺףҪԼгɣͽˡ
ԣֻܿ굤ײȥǿʣΪº͵ѹϣҪǿҲǿֲǲɱ
ǿѹϣŵķܣЩηӣȻ굤黥๥ȴǸһַŲֽŵĸоô֮굤ײȥ
ڵھŴײ֮ǷǱײɢײˣϽɼײ˵ķܣҲǺܲס
У϶Էܵĸ鼸Ϊ㣬ľܵôࣻǶ㷨ܣϵľƲûкתն
Ϊóǰ˰벽벽ЩѾܹ͸ϵĲóȥͳϵˡ
ԽԽ˼
˵仰ʱֻΪ꣬ǽǰ棬߲ѣţȻҪѰϷͳȫ㣬ҷڽ񳯣
ĹԽԽţĻᣬҾʧܣϣҪĶ棡
Ǳߣ賤Ҫȥסߣƽȴͻƴ賤ϸ㲻ƽʲôȴ˵˷㣬뼺㣬ÿһߣִ£Ƿһ飡
ƽ߲˵ֻ͹úܼ򵥣ǴڵõǶƾŴڵʵȥʲô⣬ȥ֮СĴЩ෴ߵõڱὫеעϣʱͿȥ취Сء
ƲԳԷƣǾͱϷ㲻ˡ
賤϶ŭҲȫƽߣͬʱ֮ǰµ󷨣߹ȥǵҲһĹȥ
賤Ļ֮ʣű෨֮ʱӵ𣬡벻õڴУ
룡
Ϊʲô
ȥ
ڰǰư벽㻹ܻȥ𣿡
ϳĬȻдϸһŹŷǿʣȷʵܲҪҪһѣƴһµʱֵ㻹ʲôֶΣȥģҺȤһһͬʱ㣬öòڴУ㲻붼У
ڳлصӾѾϻ˲ĤһĶϾǿֲķ֮УǲĤûнȫǱסϵѣԣһЩܻǴ͸Ѫ֮С
ƴţаٱ䡷֧ˡ
ͬʱߵץ˷ĹҪץϣȴһ͵ĹֱϮ߾תͷӣȵʲô
ǸĹã
ʲôˣ
ҲϲͷϷرǴӺͷ
ӻ䣬һҽȴֻ걻ŭϸնɱˣ³ϱʹ꣡
ˣ겻顭
¡
һը죬걬ѿһɫֱգץӣϹߣͬһ˲䣬ϵѾײڷĹ֮ϡ
ûбҲûѪ֮еĽǡˡĹײϽĹ֮УĹտҲʲôûС
ŷĹûкϣ賤ǶǳϽ˷Ĺ֮У賤Ȼɻ֣Ǹ˵ľֹ벻ףǣȴһô˵ǴڵӣرĵӵõڴУҲкô
˫ȻдԵ֮ˡ
賤ţѾƽֹͣƴɱ߼ԼûܵõĹԹޱ֮־ֱϹȥȴ¡
ϷҪˡ
Ц˵һ˲䣬Цʧȡ֮ǾȣǷŭȵ


1784 ֣ŭ
ĹǣϸоĲʹʧݵƬ̰иҵĹϮǱҪάֲסġаٱ䡷˲ˡ
Ȼ˫ʧϵݣչǰ
һ֣׼ſϷݵӣʱˣףϤǿϵɲǣӵĿ⻹ϵĻ￴ȥ뿴һûһֻӡ
ӸտʼĲԾ֮У󿴵϶Դ賤ʱȫԸ񣬲Ծĸоǿһ֣ûж룬ǳϵ忪ʼ仯Ѿȷд⣬һΥ͸УӦͬһʱӻû⣬Ϊоһж֮С
ǣȿһ̣ӷŭˣϵװȻ֮⣬ûʶƣԭѰյĳϣȻߡ
ⶼҪģҪǣԭƵϷ籾Ųóˣ֮ǰǴϷʲô·ƽεʲôһƾڲУʲôԡѪսͬȵ֮࣬ϳΪֵܣӽߣͨ˽ӽŮ˰һ࣬湻ˣϷû˼ˣóСݼ֮䷢£Ȼٳ֣ȻеģйصһС
Ȼߣȴ֪ѾֳǿʵԳ˵ЩЩ£ֵǸܵ飬籾ȫ٣ЩĲȫûãúܾúܾöûܹһγܴζ
еЩӷŭûнŭֳô۶һαĳϣ֪Щʲô
ŭģɲһˡ
賤ϵһȫסˣƽߣ߲֪ν˭ƽ۾ȴһ⣬˲׾ñ˿С㣬ΪʲôǣСӵ֣ĪСˣ
ϻؼǵԼԡ˫Ĺôת֮䣬ͻһˣȻŭȴһֻ뷨֮ǰϷǺһڣǶõĵӣȴǵĵӣҿֽ飿
ŭģĪ賤ϣ賤ϴôö˫׼Ϊ²ˣرǻͨ˫ϵת֮䣬һнԳɿգһɷŭݡ
˫ںδ
ɱңȴɱ
ϴʹ֮УȴǼŻش賤ϵĻ賤ΪϵĻشǶƣǰ˭
ϣ
ϣ
賤һ£ûʲôӡʵŭյҲȥ룬ģǻ˳ϣСӣǧС
ɾʱƽߵ賤ϵǰ棬賤üͷһ壬˵治ˣ
ƽûлش賤ϵĻȴǶ˵ҪǱˣĿģԶòˡһﴫȴ˲еǱ̨ʣСУпȡû䵽ްϣ
ԣվƽߣĿ򽫳Ĺ֮еӣֹסֽͽĹվͬһսϣܹڷͥˡ
Ȼ쳣ƽӣȴ޶ԣǶųϣЩԺˣȴ˵סڣ򲻵֮ʱȴ
ǰȥɱҴڵӣ
賤ͬǰϷܸ㣬ջЩ֮⣬ΪϢԶһ£Ÿȥȴһ˿Ц⡣
˿̣ʹòУ׽ӽȫˣ굤ǿӳĹܣҲԽԽСˣʹУ˼δͣ£ȥõȵ賤ǰҾòˣô죿
ʱǰ̶ˮʧ֮أͻأһӰ棬ﻹЦϪ뺣϶Ǵ˴̫ˣ
潫ɨܣǰ򿪵ĿʱЦʧˣȻ˱ȵҵøϿȥȻûúˡ
泯ǰȥûпռ𵴵κⷢܿ˽ȥһ˼㣬ȫǿյģ¸ǼﻹŨҩݵϢ˭ЩȫȡˣȡôɾˣͲҪˣҪܹƳӡϣУһеġ
ٶȺܿ죬תۼһ˾ĵЩ澳ޣһ棬ˣ϶ǹ֮ˣȻҲǹ֮ɱϾʱ޻̣ҵǹƥҲԸôˣ罫Щȫ£Ϊʡ
ôһ룬漲ȥͻ֮УġСġֻûкȳͱǿƳֵ棬ٿšġ£ȥ
̤ȥɲǣ϶ŷĹһ⣬ͬʱһֱеĸо͵Ũ£֪ɸоʲôˡ


1785 ӿȪ౨֮ʱ
ڲκˣ˭ڴڵǰ棬ֻ·ѡһûе·ѡ𣬻ǳ
ϳŵҲش˶ƽޱ飬ЦʲôϷû
ûھһ¡
ϱ˵Ҫնȥץסһʴ˽˿̣ϵѾžӵֶΣصĵҲǵ֮ס
ڷĹ֮еĳϣûκСûѣꡢˮȵȶûѣֻܿԼȻǸƽΪʲôס賤ϣ߲Ϊƴ
ϴ⣬ǷĹеĹڷĹǷĹûأֻЩڳһֺ󣬳뵽ľǡ
֮ǰѾͭˡħ޵ȵȵľ飬Щܽ䵱ɷڣĹΪֲܣʵ벻ܣ϶ûѡΨһԡ
ϿʼĹ֮ʱӿǹǿҸоƵ˸˵ʵͦߣȻǿҸо켴ϵĿϡ
˿̵棬һ߹ͷӣһεӣңϵġġҲȥԣϲûϳ
ôǿߣҲһǡעӡϵϣڱƽߵĳϣһʱȴǺԵˡ
ʮĿ⣬ȫ棬ѹЩĻңǸ˳ЦЩǸλĺŽĵӰɣ
ɫ΢䣬ƽɱȴȴ֮ŵȴߣΪЩ棬ûˣߺȵأ
ʲôˣʱ򣬾ֻЩˡ
һ仰˵Ժһ˵˭ˣ¶һЦݣûǺʣ˵ĹܹڣǣٶȷǳҪʱ䡭
ʱһ̤ǰŵӣأ
ˡ
һָڵӣɱˡ
ڣ̫ˣ浱ҡ߻ŭţ׿Խ˵ȳɱǣƫƫѧղ򲻹ʲô˵ˣֵġ
׿Խ˵ֵĻеǣѾŭ֣׿ԽһĻҲû˵óߵĹϻ⡣
Ŀɨµľƣܹˮ㣬Ŀɨߣƽɨȥʱ͵ش̤ǰµһƷ϶У׽һЩϤӰԣûȥӴɱƽߣĿֱĹĹеǸˣ
ȻͿһ΢Цӣ˲䣬һ𣬾ȵСӣ㣡
棬
Ц˵ȵôŶ꣬Ϊ뵱㻹ֻСС䡭άֲˡаٱ䡷ΪȻҲͻָʵò
ϵ˵üͷðڵӵĳϣҲһͨɫϸһҲǣͨɫôɱڵӣƤӵϷأ
ô˵õУ
϶Դ˵ЦʦַİɣѾߵ·ˣԶˣ㿴Ѫ֮Ѿڱˣ԰ɣʦܡ
賤ϱԳϵĺ޾͸ŨȴһҲû˵Ǳߣž仯ӣһνЦݹϣ·Ѿȫ˳ϸӰ졣
ûټ˵ȥתҪߣôûнӡǳӡ߿һ㣬СӿסǾͲˡ
ӣϾ˵𣿡
治
һʹڷǿסתǳ˵ô
ôҲľˣûңֻڻУѣͲ׼𣿡ϾٷŵúԴʱ䣬ټϳϱ˲أԣһʱ仹ûб˷
ɫǳѿˣ޺޵ؿųϣֵˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǾ֮أڣӿȪ౨ʱ򡭡
ϴ˳ϵĻǿЦ£̸飬˼ҿǹ֮ǿߣֻһССܻö˼ң
˵Ҳǹ⳰ϣǼ뿪ȻսվһߣǿɾͲðˣټһͼȴʵһԣڵĴѡ
ΪҲߣ
ţ˵ɣˣͻģģ


1786 ֮꣬
ˣͻġ
仰ЩĪɻأȴ˲׻˼²⣬һǳ֮ǰҪԼСڶǣšӡĹϵԼҪѳᡣ
ĸ²⣬˵Ǵ
ԣǳص˳һۺתŵӣЩǴڵӣѾһЩΣɵָ׿Խһڵӡ
ġ󣬽ڵȫץ£ȥԴ˵˵رСţǧҪңȻŵһЩ˵Сˡ
賤϶沼Щġг˼֮ɫȴôһ֮ǿߣȴһȥ¶ҪǴȥ
ϵĻһꡱˣȴһڵӱˣϷŭѣȴ˵˵ҵСģǧҪˡ
üͷ𣬱ûнһżΪϼʮӢӳֵ֣֮£ȴϣһ·ϿĿİڣŵҲǰôһˣҾƻǵ֮УϸоѶȡ
ЩڵӣҲǣҲǣȰɣ˴֣ҪܱвȰɣǿɶڵĻʯȻЩ澳Ϊĵӣһȫ̤֮ҲŻ档
ŴͷתʱѾһվڳ֮ǰվƽߵһߣоƽߵɱϸһ룬ɨһˣ켴תԳϷ߷ߺȵ֪ˣԸУƴȥҪ桭
ûмвȥôвҲûãӿ޵ĺڣĻ֮УΪĿǰ״ʵǷǳ˵׼һ˲ˡ
Ц⣬˵֮ǰõɡ˵ȴƴڷĹһԣѿʵģ
ǰᣬҪ⡣
ģȻ󿴵֮ɢĹâһСڶ̶ʱڣΪǣŪ꣬ȷʵЩ򵥡뵽ϴеľԺðһͷŪӳ졣
˵ţ˾ſšġ״Ϸȥ΢һѣſšġ״һ壬ʱͱ֮˹ȥ
˫ţҾƵģӣȴҲϵĿ⣬ѾôˣӿЩȤӣȻδ˫˼עϡ
˵ʦ֣ʱ䲻࣬¶ˣŽ顭賤Ŀŭӿֱȥ۾һգ˵ҲգΪأ
ϳ֣һָ׿ԽһڱҪЮĵӣʱҷţͣϢնߣƴɱ
͵ķܼĹ֮УΣƸգҲʱ֮꽫Ǿſšġ״棬Щͬ㣬иšġ״˽ȥǿ֮
ġ״ձɣ͸оˣȻ賤Ѿǿ滹ǳϺСӣʲôΪʲôġ֮ꡯϽ³
ϸоˡ֮ꡱ֮꣬ǿ˺ö࣬쵽ܿ˵ĵزҲ԰ֿһЩǺϺٸҼ֮꣡
ΰɣ
ֱҪѪ֮ǰֻþſš֮ꡱϵһ㹥ȴϷ˸ɾ˲㣬ȻҪ̣֮ꡱҪǿš֮ꡱܿס賤ϵĹƣϾ賤ϱ֮ʱҪܶࡣ
賤ϼùϻţԽԽȻʵǿȴѷһ˵滹û¹˭
ҲûǿҪͳ֮ꡱҪֵס賤ǣΪȡһʱ䣬굤ѾǳˣתҲԽԽ̻ĹٶȣȴǱһʱ׼ǿʣһ߻׼ڵķĹپǳѨϡ
ֻǣóɻǣתȴǷĹΪãΣղЩ굤˥ѾѹƲסˣҳϴ˿ǿҵҲ̼ԽԽǿʢ
Ȼϱ¶𣬿ܻ˺ȴǱˣۺܱȥãϻѹĿ賤ϡ
棬һˣǸĮУ


1787 Ϊɱһ¥
ھϮ֮ʱҲûţ˵ܹܵ˵ĵط󣬻Ϊп轫Ѫ߬Уʱ׼֣дʣƺ׼ʲôɱС
ӺԼĸֵ뿪һ֮أóȻٶЩᣬһ˦־ͽԼֵܸˣ֮ǰնɱڵӵĺµӡʵ̫̣Լ˶ôݣ˵֮ˣǰŵߣҲ䵱һ£ԵһµģƺֻǸԼΣסˡ
ͬʱһӰٴĮﻹţһˣﻹûӰ͵뿪Ѱϣ档
Ƭ̹ĮоͳĴ
ĮеĵҵƴɱһͣĿĮУӣüͷ壬һ˲ỹǰСӵİɡ
ûôֻ࣬ƴŷĹͬʱｫһ£źӰŹžŴ󣬾žŰʮһˣӦû˲Ŷԣ
ϲû˿̣ˮһ
Įв˵Ŀ⣬ϸɨڳÿһˣɨԡˣɨʱüëһ£оһϤϢҲˣ뵽ĳֿܡ
ɨӣӵ϶һЩʱ䣬ɨ賤ϡһˣɨ˷Ĺɨ˳ϣ˲ɫ΢䡣
һֱĮеϣ⣬ѵ֮ǰĲ²ģģɾҪΪǿˡҪȥϵȴĮɢŨɱĮ˵гϣ𣿡
ȳϻشĮ˵ҽ࣬Ϊɱ
ĮеĻú˲ΪڱأΪż׼˫۾Դӿ֮ûпط
Ǻηʥ
˵޾ʹֱֱ࣬ȴڶ˵㲻ҪϷһľϲȤ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ǣֱɱĮɱ֣򣬻Ĺڣ˾ͽ
Ȼ׳ҪĿģţҪǾ籾ûиģǿƴҪ㣬˵һûأɣˣ㻹ûأٿǿǡ
ҪģϷ¾籾
ĮеĻ˵Īϣæ㾡ɱУЩˣǰס£Ͼ͹ƽߣ賤Ҳǿ֣ϻһĮеϣΪȡ˳ϵĽѵԷĮһͻȻϮڱǳ֡
ֵĲ賤ǣǣ֣׷һɫ˲ò԰ףһֲͷϣйɫ
ף
һɫץȥĿһͳһɫӣѪϣ࣬ȵ
ӳɫʱҲٳɣ߬ŵѪѪ࣬ӳȥѪըѿһֱϮ࣡
Ȼ෴ӦǳݣǣΪ֮ǰûн˷ҲûϵǾȻ˹⧲֮£ѪͷкȻըѣȥһֱδ֣ȴӰ磬ץһأ˵Ľն࣬ȵɱ֮ϥ
໹δ׷ȫȥ֣޵ıɱնһɣŭȼգƿնȥ֣أѾ͸ܣնϣһȻˣȴŭһ¥
ȫûбСӣȻˣѾ¶ģҪЩȫնɱཫʣ׷һ飬ת֣һˣ֣ЦŶ˵С㣬ؿˣôҰ
һ¥
һζ֣¶Цݡ
ߣĸҲ֪ߣСĪ
֣ЦȻȴûѣأΪԸδˣ̹Ȼ費֪Ѫʱһٵӣָ͵һҶٻ٣ɫ󾪣̤ƿնȥ󻹴һ使ҪߣԶӲûлתƴȥǸȵŮӣһţȥ
۾ɻ֮ɫɻ֣ǣЩˣϲ֮رӵСӣƼˮѣΪȻҪΪʲô
ߣ
ҪնɱһʱƿȴƽһСΪۣƴɱֱɱࡣ
ƽߵǰ棬һŻ


1788 

ţһֱ࣬һŷ賤ϣ
ϼ𣬸ĴҲ൱˲ѣΣΣյľ֮£˲ѣξѾǧٻˣңڳϼΪ֮ѣλܵ³ʱĻԣˣϾˡ
ǣûѡཫնɱҲ賤ǳ嵽Ĺڳѵù죬⵹ȫǳϵĹԺˡǰ˲١
˭û뵽ϾȻܹ֣û뵽ϼĻ𣬰Ҳû뵽ӵڶ¶ݣȳʱѾĿ꣬賤ϵڡ
ڷŭ賤ϸǷŭǼ䱩ǳǧ򱶣ӲһͣǡãƽϮֱƽߵǰһС㡱˵лᣬ˳ȥ
ﻹЩݵ֮ʱƽѾգ˫ſڣ³֣ͬ׷
ͬҲһƾճͷֻбģٱǧǿ򱶲ֹϾֻ澳ƽǻʵĹ֮ǿߡ
֮ǿʹȻһ
вһģɫƽкģȻǺɫ
ޱȵĺɫ԰ֳݣƽ˭ܸȻڰбʹöˣֻ峤Լĵ
ɲ䣬ԼһУڵעӡ֮£ӿжǱߣҲƽΪʲôҪס賤ˡ
ǰ棬ҵȥ׷ڲҵȥɫ׷ŰΪȵеһУ߿ѹ𣬱߼ϸնɫƽץסᣬ͹ȥ
ߣ賤ܵҪһ㣬ѹûм٣ΪӣƽսϾͿճȻԳϼǳԾȴӿ϶ãԣֱɱȥ
ʱĹѾ֮һЩȻΪãϹ˲ȥ룬浲ס賤ϣתеѪɫ壬Ȼ˿̵ĳȷƣŵķΧ賤˽Ӱ죬˵ҲӰ죬ӰȴȽС
ͬʱϻ洫ȡǵľѪң
ôԣ۾ʱһֻҪȡǵľѪٿҲûˣ£еġ֮ꡱȫҪ賤ϣ賤Ѫɫ˫Ӱ£Ѿ൱ԡ
ϵĴȻ䵽ӶüƣѪñ˵ľѪͿתǬѪħ츳ܣѵʲôϵ
ֿ࣬ʹʽѾ˳ɵйϵģΪʲôҪɱ֮䵽ʲôϵ
Уֻأ飬ӦòСŶԣȴûмĪǡһˣ
ӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ϣԭֻǾȤǱû뵽úأӵУˣϵ磬ȷʵ
Ȼʹ˻иķǱˣǴϳһΪϴ·۾ѾֳǳâޱȣҪ֮ʱҪģõľѪ࣬һξ͹ˣ
ȥ
ɻܵǣˣҲˣɲҪҡ
Ҳô׾ģҲ۵㣡
ϼᶨûдǣϾǹ֮ǿߣϾ۷ʱڶӦˣο˵أ
滹ǰ˵ƴ賤ϣͬʱɱϽǰЦһֻϣֱǲ֪ڣϷȥɣ
͵ؽѪɫܣȫϣֳַһͬһ˲䣬һǿʣϸоѪҺڣȴһЦϷþųʵȥѹѪҺɱҲ׾֮£
䣬ǿʺ䵽Ϻ֮У˲佫ܷӳʵȫǿʣƺƷͶȥȴûܽССǿǿƴ͸ܣʵʵػϡ
ʱϴһѪӵɶȥ
һʱ䣬ȫ𾪣


1789 ˣ
ǷɽڿеѪʮ죬ʹ۾
һ߾Ȼһ֮ǿ߻ˣȫǲܵ飬ƾΪδôƵϵķ򹥻
ǣ۾ôܣʵǷǰϵѪô賤Ͻһ㶣ֱ漣˲񣬼ѳץȥ賤ϻڷ㶣ʶѵĴûᡣ
ʱ䣬ٶȽеġ֮ꡱɹ󣬲ôң˲賤ϣԶ춯֮ʱϵΪ賤Ͽ϶ᾯһȽϻȫ˵ϾǸ˵̬ȣʵڲʣЩӿʹȴ
֪ϸսߣ鿴Σ˽ιʶʱһҽУȻͷֻ賤ϱɱÿˣΪΣʦܸղûзĪԭ򣿡
ɻţֿľſš֮ꡱٷϣǰһš֮ꡱϣһʺľѪ
ɲǼ䣬Ͼ϶Ĳ棬ǵξѪʦҲ֧һСӵĻƴػ¶͸Ź죬˵ǾѪԭһСӵóѣʦʦܶṩ£һεжпȫû
˲뵽Щԥشϳ֣նǾſš֮ꡱҪ𣬴𾪡ŭл賤ϣѹסƴסڲļϸӽǰһȺƴɱֻСҪӳ죬ǳ֮ѣһֻһţˡ
־֮£κһ΢СĻᶼץס֮ǰǿʻɱϵʱǻϺ뽫ڶǿһȥ˵пܺɱϣȻ״Ѿ֧Ų𣬲ˣѪɫĵҲ쳣ѡ
ٱǵ賤ϵľѪǸᣬϧҪȥۣƴڷĹڴһо
ڳΪǵξѪض֮ʱӳˣȥϵĹɫȴߵֵߵĽ֣ſ֮꣬ﻹ˵ˣʲô
棡
Ҫʹԣ
ڣ
ЦˣҪֹ棬òģҾôڱڡ
ôĿ
䣬ȴһײȥȥܣ˲仯ΪУȥȥʱ֮Ѿ˳ϵ棬ϾҪ̤ȥնɱȴƴϺȵʦܣ
ʦ֣ңȥСնˡ
һѪϳ쳣ĺɫϣȴûϣջأɱȥʵڱӵľֹŪЩԺ棿ͷ᲻ֳ֣
Ϊʧĳϣڵõ֮ꡱʱѪӡ֮ꡱϷѹƴתͬʱ֮ٴν֮ꡱס
ֶϣѪˣĪǻ
ҲԶҧѪȵСӣ㻹˵ϷأѪأʹѹϷ򰡣ʹϷʹ
˵֮УжһӣӲһȫýĽÿһһ裬Ϸɣ
ն¡
ͬһ˲䣬ϽŷԼǿźȫײ¡ը𣬿һĻ賤ѪüͷҲ𣬲ҲûжģΪǹŷȫƵ಻һѡ
ȻŷֻǽٶȻһٴն󣬻ץסٶȱ֮ǰ죬㻹жɵ𣿡
ܵĶУϧ˿̵ĳϼ۾ﾫⱩ䣬ģ˱֮أ޻֮Ҫ𣿡
һ
־ʮֵŨȻôţεŨתתɱУֵһǽʢ굤ҲѹƲסڷĹٶȣҲޱȣһЩֶΣҲò
賤ѹŴ棬ϾΣȥȣȴȴ͵뵽ϵգʱ飬󺰵
˵ͲϷ˵ˣ
ճ
ճʲôã
ˣǳˣ
ˣ
һͣԥһ¶ȣϣˣ滹Ǽ٣ȴ˵˭˵ճģǳˣ
ǳˣΪһĻ𣿡
ǳˣҲ޹ɱҴڵӣ£ʦܣ֣
ǰðҴڵӣðˣǸ
Ҳģն£ϻѪҪҪҲ˱ȥ֮иŨʲô䶯һɳȴȫ˲ãֻƴ
Ȼãǰʮ״
ɣ
ϸպȳʱһڹϮ


1790 ƻ

Ϊ̶ڳ϶ȴͬɽˮһöΪͻڹ⣬סϵĽġ
ţӹһ٣
ݵôϢ֮ĳϣûȥ˭ͽת͡ԱؽĹڵ賤ϿסǰתǳףȴǱȽѣ˳Ŀǰ֮⣬賤ʵ̫߳ԭ򣬳ϴ˵ȫѹ賤ϣˣܸصˣ
һ˹뵱УСܹǰСΪƣǳʵʮ֮һܷӲ¿סģ
ʱѪ񹥡
ͬʱϣ߲ѣŭдȵ˭赲ϷɱˣΪӳ֣Ŀɨӣȴſ˻صϷң
ϾǳϤæתͷȥţˮ¡ֶԼǵλӣȣǣ
ǣû
Цղųֵģо֮۵׺󣬶Ŵ˵Ħϣɣ
㲻֣Ϸ
ϧҳ
Ϸôһ㣬ȡ

˴ЦڵľƣǿǺܲ˶ˣһֻǳŲס
Ա֪
αҪԣֱɱϾǡ
켴ɱϣ˵Ħϲٴ࣬Ҫǲһϣûġ˼ȴû֣˵ҲҪֻҪһУûУʲôҪ
ã
ˬӦǽӵǴҪģͰȥҪȥģҪסڸˣˡ
߼ӦʣҲɱϣϿæҪȴ˵ùңɱˣ䵽С

һȣϣӰնͣͣΪˮ¶ϵǰ棬ϺȵϷ
ù㣡
˵ţǿȥ֧穣ʱΣ֣ϾɱϣǸҪȥնϣֻ̫࣬ҪһУ㹻ٲԨƫƫһмȥƽ߽֮ɫţƻٱ仯Ҫһᡭ
ͬʱ໹ϣ֮ǰƽҲҪܹǰĶʵ̫ˣ붼ʩչɫ֮ŮҪ
Ȼˮ¶ҪնɱϵϣɳϵĴûкתӶӣܸӻҸգӲԸóɾͶ˹ȥûõľ籾û¶ģЩ˿ӰӸʹࡣ
ֻǻּ䣬ЩĴɢıγһУϮȥЩйĵطҪ磬г׵ȵȣŪЩɻĶ
ˮ¶ûзȥɢЩУֻҪ֤ϲˣϿ⣬ɻʵڿһһְǸӣô
ЩУϷǳܾǶôĿֲֻǹףҲɱܵ˹ЩɵйϣҪ˶ãͻһغ
ûаѻϣϣǷǳյģǸʲôˣȫûϣֻΪһֶΣȷʵǳˣңΪĳңȫȻ¶ţ༰
ʹ࣬ϿܣȻǵƴɱܼңܵĶ𻵵ñȽ٣رĹûܵʲôˣȻܹϴʹĥʧһĹ඼ǳڵġ
ĹܵסǷĹأ
뽫ڵķĹͬһ鲼ȫÿһ䣬ԵֵعǳϵЩ˼󣬳Ͻ֮ϣ֮ǽħˣ˵ﱾµż֮˵Ч
˿֮ɡ֮ꡱ
ҲڳΣ֮ʱѾصĻ˫ͼϵĳϣ𣬵΢ز£˫ȥ
ûãҲõϢ綨µļƻʼʵʩ˫һУ˵İҪˣ


1791 Ĺ
֮սſš֮ꡱȫϵһʱʹ֮ǷĹȥЩЩң֮ҲܵЩڳ˵ǳʧܣΣʱ䱻ĵѡ
ʱ˿̣ÿһϢʱ䣬ǷǳҪ
⣬ⲻܵӰ죬ԳûǣֲؼԳ˵һƽ١
֮ͬſĹ棬õ֮괫ܹϢʱϲ͸Ͻ֮ѷĹ鲼ȫԱ
硢ͷ׵ȵȣܹṩıԽԽСԴˣϲŭЩɣ䱣ԽС˵ԺɵӰԽС
ȻҲܸмͷǹͷЩˣҲоЩͷûȫʧһ
ûʱȴ룬ԽԽŨУҲһɨڷĹѪ֮ǳѨϡ͹ΪԷĹΪģ
ڼ̵ʱڣѾָʮԵΪĲ󣬹Ȼ²ĹãȻȫȴѾ˴󲿷ֹȣóһڴ֮
ϲҴֵֻܵǵΧȫôಿλ֮ųϷݡָݡָ
ԽԽĲλ˷ĹÿһĹһǰķĹӦ棬ظͷ֫
ȷĹһ㽫ס󣬳ܵĹؽͣԷĹĹǵನɵйȵȡ
󣬳ϽʣµĹȫ֮֮꣬ȫŷĹøܣǿרĴ£˺Ϊ٣ڵٶȼӿ죬ʱķĹֻʣ֮һˣҲ˲٣ѾԤУȫ賤ϿƣҪ˶ʱˡ
һֱעųϵӣ۾һݣףԽԽأӦԽԽ֧ŲסŶԣΪʲôȴоأ
ţٳ֣ù͵ųϣ𣬿ӣ¶ЦݣŲǳƽ
ӿЦݣȴЩˬûбֳˬʵжڶγһֻʨӲ״ޣײϡ
һײˡ״Ѫ֮ʱѿͬʱס賤ϣһҽС
ȴǳϵɹˣ
̶˵ٹȥɱ࣬ΪһУȻԱºܲˬɻɱ࣬ڼɱȥ֮ʱлԳǰ֮£ܻһһذؾƣɲһ˾ġ
ƽһˣ͹Щܣһ棬ƸΣɫҪж䣬˫۵ųϣţҾôʧ
ʲôûȥܣڿ賤ϣ賤ϵķӦܴ󣬳˵賤ϣǰһ㲻£򲻵ѣҶһ
ϷҪɱ㡭
ŭе賤ϣӶΧˣϿ賤ϱأϱΧԽԽأһɱ֮УĪǴһҪȫû
϶ϣڵĴΣˣĪϵܿԼĴϣжӿǧŭ𣬺޲ʱϱɱ¡
ǿнѹȥմȾ鷳תƣŽĿɨϣɵǳѾ÷ǳأ֪ô֪ģҪģǾҪ٣ҪٵģǾҪ
ͻأһƣ۾ٴζסϣɿ˼
ǱߣӼ賤ϱƣѾ϶ȻôӵЩüһ֮ĶĪǳ˲ɣ
ɹó϶˼뵽֮ǰ뵤Ƕ㷨ܣиУרſһĹͨЩһ飬Ϊܣ뵤ˣöˣָڷϣʲôջ񣬾ûУҲ׳һǿʣ굤鲻ǿҲһĹ¡
뵽ϽײϣΧһѪ֮ڣ˿̣֮Ѿ÷ĹúˣͬʱǹжҪУŨˡ
Ҳڸоˣ


1792 նɱ֣
ָо
һ£Ժֹ︡ˮӰӣĵǾˮףĹܽǸƵóɣ
ԽԽֿܣ򵥣ĹǼ򵥵ģ
ʱϴ֮֮꣬꽫Ĺøһ㣬ܲܽƳпֵĶ棬ôô붼һܹûòˡ
йײģӻڷĹУײġĹɺ𣿡
ԺЩͷ󣬼оһΪ뵤һڴ˴̫ؿӵеܣɳϸҿ϶ҪǽһŷǺ֮УֻǺҲ档
ܺˣзĹγɵͨӣܵ˺ȷʵСöˣΪ˳ؽ뵤֮УֿŷĹµ굤飬ײķܱһ飬ֽ
ʣµһǿʣظо˷ܵԾ
ͬϰʳϾһһؽײϵķŷĹػԪҺһָתٶȾҲѭ
ʹŹϵܣҲԽԽʮ˿š֮ꡱ֮꣬ٶȺܿ죬ԽԽܣԽԽ͡
΢ȶڿҪҪ׺ܣټ֮ʱӹΪ֮ǰͷƿǵñȽ͸ĴϣͻشʦܣСӱ
ʹŭû賤ϣ˴ϵĻһˣʹŸӷŭغʦ֣ҳģΪʲôҪ
ӡǣΪ˵ĳϣЩû׹ϻûлش͹Цģ㶼벻ףǰǿ˵ˣҪٵģǾҪĦڽǵ֣ȥնСأ㻹ȥ
ôһ˵󲿷ֶôһüȴ˼֮ɫֱûô򵥣Ǳϴɲش˵дˣǵҪ˵˳һѲɴֹʵ̵ˣȻܣǣ֮ǰϾͲֹ賤ϾѪľſ֮ˡ
ʱϵ𣬡ʦܣǵ𣿴ӽڵĴ󲿷ֱضУֽпܵõеķĹռݣ֮ʣĹڣҲ˵ǽӴȥˣԣеĳޣҪȫȫⱣҪõڴУһǱȽһжȥһ㡣
ǡ
ûпǣǴڵˣκγ˵΢ģ
ϵһηâ¶˰㷴賤תͷȷʵôһԹȥ˵ϷѾǧûгʹζ㲻óϳˣԶеʹ࣬ʹʹ
ҲΪ˻һƽˡ
ܺãҲϷƴȥڴиϷõУϷջȥϷõڴУⷬ賤ϵ̬תñȽϿ죬ǣ賤۵Ŀ⣬յýѾѪȭͷ֪賤Ƕôغޡ
¶ЦصʵڱǸҲƲˣҲļ尾
Ϸ㣬ƣ
賤ϵȻǲţղ֮
Ҳգ͵С֮ģҪ㣬ⲻջɡϵ˵ǱüͷϵĻ˲׽飬͸ʵ˼˵ˮȥɱģҪٱնɱ汣նɱСӿǵԲ䣬Ӧ䣡
ˮս뽫סȴ㣬¶Ѿɱֻм֮޻֮ˮɱ賤ɱȥ賤ϿѪųϡ
ҲޱȣǰЩˣû˭ҪȫֻΪϵѣţǷã϶һʱ佫Ĩȥ˿档
һʱпȥӵĸоȷʵǳˬٲˬҲֻ£ڸûߵʵģǾչֳԼ棬Ǿûе˼һ
ȻзĹڴ˿̣Ҫһ֮ǿ߷ǵɱ죬ӲģԣҪƽ˫ʵԻøһ㡣
Ǻ϶賤˵ȷʵղ𣬾ջأҲڣҿ˵һ٣ȴһֱˮˮܣǧǣסˮͬʱ賤ϵٶҲٳ֣Ҳˮ塣
ż˵Ҳ𣡡


1793 תǬ
ˮ賤һֻǣˮ˲̫أ賤֮ǰһٱɱǾ棬ѷһ
賤϶ŵһڣȫˮϣȫǲҪغݹȥˮ˦һۣСӣ̫ʶôǣ֣֮㲻ˣˣ㲻ȥ𣿻㽫Ϸջȥ
ˮҲΪϲܷŵóղ𣬳ýͣջǺпҪԼڣϷǳɴأ۾ǲˮµľƣ˰˾ƻںµģȻ֪ھѰʲô
ǣʣ˿̵Լڴ˵Ҫԭֻ߱ס뷨ҪԼȥоһ
Ϻ䵽˭ǻڸϵȻץȥƾ˿̵ʵӲǵģʩչɫƽм䣬ÿǸ˵̬ȣһΣûзץÿһʱԼøǿԱ㵽ʱûˮ㡣
ʱʲôڴ֮࣬óøɸɾһһûӿǽۼڵ֮⣬Դ˿پ
ˮ״ȴûΪСһ赲ڵӣóȻնɱʵⲻ֪ϽǷε˵Ҫˮ˼ɣ˳žƵķչǰȷʵԴ˵ҪһǰǳϵҪ̳ڴУϴǾڴ߳ϣҲҪóȻţǿ취Ӳ֮࣬ڿɲֻ֮ǿߡ
֮ǿߵƴɱͣӲңϸҿ϶ǷĹԼ绯ޣһӵӣĹڵʣ֮һ֮ڵ굤ָҵ뵤ûڴ˿սǺУǿ׳٣ǿʱģ
ԴˣϲţȴɻţҲһʱϿռѭʣµȫ˳ϴֻģ֮һϲռѭεһ㾭Ҳ˳һһϢ֮ݡǬľ
ϲ쿴һ£ĹĲòûΪ֮ȥݾͻ죬˵Щҵһã֮ǿı𣿡
󣬳רĿ١ǬתĵھתҲһתתǬǰתתʲôǷǳתǬתʲôҲ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ȻŵǣôһᣬϾŹҪǴһΣ֪Ҫʲôܹٳأ
ŷĹøܣܸ֮ǿٶȼӿ죬һɣһѪл۱˲ٵķܣڴ֮УϸоʳŵΪȻǵ䣬ͻƵļ
óĪĸо˵Щؽδɵ¶˲ӳԺ˲Ϣ䣬ǿԼ侲֮֮ҪǿתǬ
ûʱ䣬ܱ۵㹻ޱȣͨķʽһˮբ˳ȥ˲䣬һͨ
ͨһɣԪҺȵӿתǬͨУʱһݵĸо鲼ڳȫǬתǰתľ롰תǬ໥ӦеɲţϸоͷԪҺȵȶڷű仯Ƹ߽׵̥һ
㡢굤飬ľǿʵ󣬾ۿɼٶѾһ룻֮ƺֱ仯ٶȼӿ죬ϡǬ¾Ųĵһ㾭ֻͨʱĳϹ֮ƴɱҲû˸о·ƬռУֻʣԼ
⣬Ϯʹ࣬Ҳ
ϲ֪ʱǬУֱ仯Ϊ
תǬΪǬ
ʱЩѪܡѪ⡢ͷ֮࣬ĹҲǬתĲӽ໥֮УֲȫÿһķĹǱѪͷ
𽥽·磬Ϊǣûȥѹƣ쭡
еһжԡǬתľϸоΪҪһԾǸϣ֮ʱںһܳڸ˳ϺݺһΪֹ֮ͣҲЩҡ
϶һѰöõľ


1794 
Ų
ԤлὫŲƳϴ𾪣ǲСȻ𾪣˵ʹ࣬һ˲䣬ɽˡ
ŲôںײȻûײƷĹǷĹѾײŤЩѪܡ𡭡
Ҫǣǲɱˣ
ɲң̥ǵĸоûˣеֻ߻ħ֮У˲ǣϰ棬ˣеһֵͬҰʧȥ˿ƣȫƴĻ๥ţҲǹ
֮ԻЩǣ֮ҲסôĹɥʧļ죬һϱϽһ㣬ƴɱҡ
֮Ϊֵܵ굤飬ɱһǿޱȵռϷ磬һˮһ𱬷Զ˳ϴֹ֮⣬ѹס꣬Ҫǻ֮ǰˮõĻܸϴһЩοڴģֻ޾ʹࡣ
ǿܶණ㣬Ϊһ㣬ȻҲ⣬ʱʱ໥ҪѾֱúǿǿʣҲˣǿʹȻ󲿷֮٣ֻ굤ڲ๥ʱ򣬲ܹ΢һ
Ųһֻ֣еţоŲظٺȴ⺦ǴҪСĵز
ӵһʱϵĲԾûг֣ôضţ۲ţӳŵһΣյϢӺǲ죬ϻʲôֶܹв
˰죬뵽ҲǻϵǸǺȤ˵ջ񣡡
賤ҲˣˮԼͬס֣ʳϣСӣôˣ
Ҳ֪Լôˣ
ֹţʲôôģʱȥܣΪһж죬Լһøһδɳ
˭ϵãŲһжƻˣЩ仯ǾתǬٽ롶ǬתľϧͲܳϿƣЩԸתžһ̣ѾԹһ
ΰ죿
ͷʹѣµľƣ򣬺ýֺͷ붼ֻ֪ǣʲôƲˣ뷨ҲУοʱʲô뷨ûС
ڳʹ࣬ͷ֮ʱһԴϻЩεڳԺϷ˵Ҫ㻹ǵñƳϷ
Ҳ
һ֪ˮףȻѺ۵ˮףҲڳȳϽ˵꣬ˮ׾һ𣬾ȣСӣʲô캦£ô㣬ϷľҲڹ㣬ʲô

˵Щʲô
µһĹ˵ڴепܾڷĹ
ϻţˮѾײŲ״ײˮ׷˻ˮ߲ѣҪϷϴˣССôţ
ţŲˮײδˮһˣ˸أˮ׸ΪŭˣһŭʢϴгʵǾʹ̣ľ֮£ĹȻڱڣȻǲܳϿƵڣȳܿƵʱٶȿˣٶȣҪ˶ù򣬷Ĺͻᱻȫˡ
ס
Ҳ룬ǡ
ٴαײˮף٣ȵҪϷˣ˵˵ײü˵ˮ׻ûʹʩչǸ˸Ĵ̫ˡ

ǳϹͷѵѵĵطȴظͷĵطȳ𾪣üмִֻۣʹ
󣬵ֻۿһ͵ǰ漸һܣǳѪɫͬԨħһ㣬պվǰˮһ죬ܻУʱֱһ롣
ˮ󾪴ŭĿһޱȣĿ⣬һ˵¶һ֣ͱ飬ˣ
ܣֻ츸˵Ǹ˲ӵУֲףģĻ䣬ֲǸҪɱԭˣԭˣǣΪʲôӵѪܣǸʲôϵӣǡ
иʣЩʱԽӺ֮ǰֳôǿʵˣҪǱֵһ㣬ǰǸ籾һҫ۵ϷƾϷ̤һǸ磡
УӿųϣҲвȻᣬô˵һᣬᣬҾԲܹŹԲᣡ


1795 ȥӰ
Ͽĵֻۣ²⵽ģɲӣĿŨŨ𾪣û뵽ȫһʱӣͷȻ˵Ĵԭġ
һ˲䣬ϲһֱ˴شڣûдͬʱҲͬ뷨ѴӴȥܹһ󹦡
Щ²⵽һЩˣûдȳȻϢץԼ͸¶ˣԼͬأͬʱͷӣΪǸղŸоһɱɨ
ɱŨˣڷǰ⣬һһؾ׽ţоЩʲô֣һˣȻȫɵˣеԲ˵ڿ˻еֻֻۣ۾Ȼù֮ǿˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڻ壬˫ЩʵҪʱ׼ãǸϾͿҪˣҾ͵òϵİˡ
ʲô
峤Ϊ㲻øǿ𣿲ͬʱƣ𣿲̤֮ܲ𣿡
룡
ĵš
ǣ˫һֵ֪ںδʲôΣա
ٵһ֪ˡһ£峤˵ϧһûдӦҪȻ̤֮ĻʣҪһЩ
˫ĵȴҲڽܹĵزţ
ĳϣʹţ֪Σյʱ̻ûеη뷨ǾáŲˣʲô
ϧ뷨òʵ֣Ϊûãʱˮ״ŭϷ֮Уˮͻؿ˸ǣײǰȻһҪٶȻȴһֱӽˮŹ׸Ǹϡ
鲢ûоʹ˽ˮײȫѹסˮײײȥҪƹ׶ˮҲײöһ£һ¡
ˮ𣬡Ϸֲ˶ʱ䣬㽫סҪȻԺٲˣھͻˣ
ϵ״ûк϶٣ЩȻڻս֮굹ܹԿˣˮ֮УϵġҲɲóǽˮһˣŵôܵһĻһĻŻܶáƵˮ˵ȥ
ˮֻϧڰ·ϣˮ׾ͷײúˣæִ֮꣬ˮϵȥ
֮߾ȫˮǰȴεݣٶȣˮ׻ûн뵤Ͼˣң֮껹ţԽԽҲܽˮȥ
ǡʱĹڱȫڣѪ֮ڷĹʧһ˲䣬ԭĹڴ־ŸӰŸӰϿգһŹ
ⲻǵ¿ռĺӰ𣿡
һ˶˳ҲǸĺӰǺӰЦˣʱԺصǻˡ
ԣѿ˵Ҫ
С˰ɣǲȻַʽĹ㲻üҪһô˵֮󣬺Ӱｻ̸
£źӰ˲Ӱǧƴɱͣϻص˴ߣʵʦ֣ô죿նɱʱ䡭
ɱ
ն˵˵ڲɱҪŻصڣ
ǳˣ
ûнӽ⵽ĳЩܣҲûв²⵽Ϊüص˵ǳˡ
ǡ
ûеǣסҸղ˵ģһҪŴȥ
ͬŵģǣǴҲͬ⣬ͬʱǵӴ׼ʱҪʱһ¡
˿̣ԺҲ˷Ĺ
ǡ
ûйЩӰ뵽ЩܺڴйϵСҪûˣڴҪкã
˵Եˣ
ûлش𣬿ܹĿ֮ˮףԺ𣬡Եˣ͵ýڴУ
ǳĬӰʣ㲻ԸڴУ
Ը⣬Ҳܰ
ڴУ㹻

ŷһЩӰ˵ǣڽڴ֮ǰӦ
ʲô


1796 ɳɽ
һҫ
ʲôҫ
˼άΪˣҴӦŵ˵һ˵ˣҪڵҫҲ֪
½֮ء
ͽڴˣ

⣬ϲɾЩ죬Ϊܸ߸ߴ½żչֳֶΣͳһ½ȫʲô⣬ԣϾ˵ġҫʵЩС
ĪǾôõº󣬺Ӱ֪Ѿģ½Ҳʮǰ½Ͼ²ܺȴЩԾѾ˵һҴӦˣڶأ
ڶĨɱ㴴꣬½µꡣ
ܣ
϶Ȼܾ֮꣬һ桱Ȼ˵һУĨɱ֮꣬ĨɱԼġ桱һֱܡˮۡ桪
ôһܻһأһأԺأܹԶġٵ߱ȡٵĵҩ
ǣ棬޻꣬ģʬ⣬кã
ˣ֮ԲĨɱ˭Ҫ˭ҪǿĨɱ֮꣬Ǹˣ
ͷֻһ˲䣬Ӱ˵µ꣬ڵ꣬ǿǧ򱶣
ܣ
ϻشģȻ֣ǿҲǱ˵ģԼģǱˡ
ֻнµܸ꣬õؽڴУΪڴһеģ㲻꣬Ҳ֮ܽУ
ǾͲܺˡ
ϵĻشþŸӰһζû뵽ģҲûԤϵģʵ벻״˷Ѿǧൽۿ֮оǰǾȻܾҽǺˮҰһ
ĹѾˣԵˣͲܡ
ȰңǿңǾ⿪ڣһҪæŻ˵꣬Ͼͳ񣬷קˮϾ뽫Уǿնɱ˾Ų
ŸӰǲ֪δµľƣźӰ̧ͷǿŹ򣬶࿴˱˴һۣͬʱ˵ͷ£Ժ𣬡Ϊ˸𣡡
ֱӻصܲһ޷֤ܱ֤һ߾ȫȥֻҪûֻҪһûͲֹ
ĻشþŸӰĬûмֶʱ䣬Ϊʱ䲻ˣӰֵã㣡
ǲ˵Ҳ꣬Ͳܽڴ𣿡
ȷʵˣһ취˵ʵڻҶ취ʲôϣ
ʲô취
Ĩɱ֮֮꣬ȻֻԺޱ𣬡Ǿ̵µ꣡
ð
ʲôã̫СˣǳǳͺñһɳܽһɵĴɽ𣿼ܹΪṩһҲֻһɳһʯӶһʯӶȻ̲ɴɽ
ô֪
˵ţ֮ˮԽԽķԽԽǿңһһǿ֮£пƳˮףĻܹһЩӻҡ
ھŸӰ˵ΪȰ·֮꣬ȻϵĻ䣬Ӱ𣬡ȷʵֻһˡ

Ͼȣ֪ǾŸӰ˾٣ȫ֮٣ڵڶڵȽҪöˣȻܹ˵ĻһŽ߷ɣһˣȻ̵ĹģǳϣˣֻгԵˣǸĲá
һ֮⣬
ԵˣһҪɹ
Ӱ͸ž͸ſһ˿ѣɻ֮ʱźӰʼС䵭ˣһɢˡ
⣬׺ӰΪʲô˵Ǿ仰ѣͨζ
͵أ뵽һǳҪ£ѿʵ˵ĳ˭
ɹõ֮һоͻˡ
£ŸӰڼ̵ʱڣѸٱ˾ſźӡǶʶڴйˣҪ֮ǰǿ϶᲻ֶεس֣ȥȥᡣ
ڣǾ;ؿţлϣܹ˳õڴУȻǲ֪ڵ״Ѿ˼Σ֮
һ⣬Ǿ࣡
ĿеɱѾȥˣȡ֮ģʨʩչȫһɱӵƽ
ʱſźײȥ


1797 ɱʧܣ
ŸӰ˾ſź飬ţԾٶȣ˹֮Уտʼ򻹳ֳɫǣֻɲǼ䣬ɫŤʧˡ
ɫʧžŸӰ׵
Ȼϲ֪ŸӰʲôķʽڣҲûʲô飬ɿǺԥײĻ棬лһ£˵һƴȥɹӦǵģҲƴȥ
ɫȫ𣬶ǹȴ񱻼һ貵ĹâţϵȥҶһУӼ۾ﶼ¶˿ȵҪǸУӸоֵǳصĺתͷ俴һۣ˵Ҫģǻ뿪ط
Ȼ˻֮ȱ˲ʧǺˮǽģֻҪȥ֮ء
ȻڹҪѪ֮ʱӴеʱһֱ׼ŵ֣࣬ǰ㣬һӵϣӰδһڱҫʹâ
״賤ˮͬʱ֣նʻڣ֮ǿ֣߳Ƕˣʻڲʲô⣬һ㣬Ҷ֪֣ȻҲ֪֣ûһɥ֮УǷǳЦûܾȵ
賤ϵĹʻܻȴûеֳַȫһģһʻڣ켴ˮĹʻڣͬǰһʻָԷֳ
˲ʻھһסˣһУʱϲʮ׶ѣʮ׵ľһڹ֮ǿߵ۾ͲǾ롣
ʱϡˣһһڹ⼲ײʻϣʻûٷֵóǱײϡãâɱʻڡ
ǶһԶͷ֣࣬ǵĿԳ˲ƣ֣ٶδͣﻹ˵֪ҼҴ˭𣿡
ҪЦ˵֮ʱͻ죬һɨɫ󾪣ǱӦñǽɱʻڣȻըһͬһĶ
أ¶ȥȣȴˣҲǶ¶ŭ֮ɫ֣ڹЦˣҪܲ
ʱһɳƾʲôƵĶתһȦЩ״Ķͱ˸ɸɾ̻ۡرõĹâ˲ޡ
֣ЦһͣŽɱ֮иȫٵصУ˵һд֮£֪ʲô
֪˭Ȥ͵˭Ҳ⣬Ҵվڴ˴ҲȲ㣡֣һߣ֪ҼҴ˭
֪ģԶ֪ģҪö֪࣬ǸˣԶ˵֮ӲٷϻָһȦ
ȦɢܳоΣյ֣࣬˲Ǿ仰лعҪƴ൲֣ȫͽһöѪ֮ٲһһ£ʲôûˡ
Ӵ˴ָһֻСϵӣƽߡһǿߵ۾˾Ŀ⣬ͬʱţƴҲҪնɱϣҴˣˣ֪Ҵ˵ˣ˭
ĿٴλصϣѾ˳ϵ棬ֱ֮ȥʹ֮ȥɣ֮껹ûеǹȴǱһڶ֮ꡣ
ĻϵһоǺӰƭǹҪµ֮꣬ת֮䣬뵽ǵǸɳɽɽҪɳӣȷʵס
ûмȥΨһĻᣬܺãϾ֮꣬ѵ·ϣܾܲͿһˣԣֻܡˮһս
£ϵܹܹƵľ֮һ𺷳ȥۿ֮Ҫڶ϶ˮ˵ӲײǸڶ
ˮһЩƣ֮ײںڶϣڶȻûƣˮѷ죬ִһЩһЩ
ڶҲǺ޷Ӧڶײҡһ£֮ץסᣬûҧһڣһڣʵ̫С̫һɳӡ
ǰſźӰ˵ԸһЩ𣿰أ
ţȴûеȴźӰİǶ賤˵꣬һ㣡
꣬н˵ô跨
꣬ĳһ̶ֳ˵֮˵ĵڶܹ
賤һӦǲӦӦȻǱƣɾдʱһ𣬡꣬ͽ


1798 ס
꣬ͽ
˸˵ñޱȡն˷ȴǳ˵ģȻƴһ»ܹ
˵ģ
֮ǰӾϷһųϵΪϵȫûйϵԴӷֳϵǸݣȷΪϷ󣬻ǱزٵϷ󣬱Ҳӵвǰ̬
̬Ҳע⵽ˣǣžԵģҪûģͽϸɱˣ
ӽ˵ȥ賤Ҫĸо˴ʱ̵ĸоͬΪ֮ǿߣ໹Ǻܴģ룬ֻǹ֮ǿûпܸߡ
ôһԥ˾ۡ͡³һѪѪƽͨѪһ˸оԼҲѪʧ˲١
˲ԥִ˾ſš֮ꡱ賤׳һģĻ״Щһ֮Ϊ֮ʳ
Ȼһ㣬ȼü֮
ϵٴδŨŨʹζ
賤ɫһ䣬ֵû˵Ļ𣿡
켴Ǿſ֮꣬һŻ״




һġУ˵ɫٱò԰ǲ֪ʲôʱһͷȴ˵ǲһԶõӦúҪˣҲˣԣΪԼһ㣬ûˣûˣʲôûˣȻʵ᲻ãҿ԰һѣ
˵ţӾҪ֣˫в֮£賤ϲòһѣֻԼһСֺĶ׸˳ϡ
ڷ֮ʱڳϵڣˮץסÿһõĻᣬײŹڶΧ֮˵꣬ڹڶ֮ʱҧһڡ
ϻٽ̣
ܿ죬õϿٳɳ֮꣬âѤЩԣѾɳӱʯͷǲһһ㽫ڶʳʱҲ
֮꣬Ѿɳʯͷ˰ɣӰİδ֣ѵӰƭҵĲɣ
ţЩܣҪ֮걻ĨɱĻϸͲȥʵֺӰ˵ĵһ͵ڴ֮䣬֮Ѿҧڣڸı䲻˾ơ
һϢϢϢԽԽܿˣˮס֮ȵһж
ǳԼҲˡ
ϲò񣬲ڷ棬ڷ
СӣϷƲסˣǸҪˣ취
ˮҪڷˣϽʾ֭ţȴһƬհףƬ޵Ŀհףȴóһ뵽еһ㣬Ҳͬ޿հס
˲䣬뵽˵һЩҲܶ벻ԣɲУΪûʱȥˣоƬ޿հס
߶ȼ֮£ˮ׸оķ˼֣ȵѾˣټһѾָˡ
ˮ׵֪ǸãܹʱⲢûó˷ܲѣΪֻס൱ڱˮнͲȫµΣͼסͬʱţô죬һõķС
ʱɹ
ڳҲоԼҲҪڷ֮ʱǸڶͻر仯ˣŤʲôסһ
ĪںӰ
ţŤĴɢŴ۵Ĺâ䵽֮ϣ֮ǿǾͬʱϵõ֮괫ϢܹƷĹˡ
Ϣóϴϲ
ԥأ˵ȫ̹ڶͬʱˮϡ䣬Ͼ͸оĹһѪҲŽ
Ĺ鲼ϻӣһΧڶڶǳһ㣬޴ӣ
ϻǲа⣬ڶһ㣬Ҳһֲܹ㣬Ҫֹϻˮףһ뵤ͽų
⣬ϻȥǿʣڷĹѾڶʱǿʳϻһƲˣǿҪ굤㣬ıƲˣ˳ƶΪ
ǺϿʼ˳ǿжԱһǿʾնȥȻûзŤĹڶӲԭеܣĹס
ڶţȴЩִӷĹͻ˳֮ȥͻһҧ켴֮ΧŷĹת


1799 һףϤϢ
ڶסܴ󽵵ͣٱĹסֻܱ֮ҧȻڶڽžŸӰзĹ̫ǿԭ򣬹ڶһ׵㣬ⱻ֮경ʳ
֮ٱǿţ̵ģйڶŷĹ
ķԽԽϿϵľڴΪתǣϲ˿ɣת֮䣬ת飬ʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱǹڶ˳ϵ𾪣ڳϵʶڶǿױȵģ޾кڶܴһж˵ڶ޵еġ
ҲϣԶ޵еĴڰɣһܽһʱǿʵӰӣ֪ʲôܹסǿʡ
Щͷһϼоŵ޿հףѾתЩҩȡáѪܹһеõһЩҩݣԼżеõҩϡ
ݣȻƵҩġ
һ󵨵뷨鱻סƳһЩҩǵ̷ĵҩʱͿǹģԽ䵱ĵҩ
Ȼоҩ̫£û취ÿһֿܶһϣܹΪӳһ׼
ΪҪɱһͨκһУ
ڶԽԽСԽԽˣأ֮괫˳һЩϢйڵϢϽ֮뵽һ⣬ڴУǴ֮ˣǴҡ
ûȥᣬڴǸ֮껹ǸԼһģ֮ģãʱԡ
ʱҴҹˣҲǿҵĸожҪˡ
ȻϢһҶϿҩݣ˳ϵһϲ飬ɳüͷȴǽţΪϾˮУҩܳʲô⣬ôˮ׵ȵȣԼأ
ҩݱȡʱڶˣĹҲȫ֮棬ģʱϵõĹϢҲԽԽࡣ
͵أʣһĹڶͻرһ֣Ͻż鷿У֣ȫһģһ
棿
һϢЩȣΪ̵ܹ֮ڶǷĹȴϣȻ͵ֽϡ桱ˡֻŹϵ
νĻԵһУעģ
üͷʱȫʧڽ֮УϵԺǳͻأأһâоâĵһ˲䣬ϴ󾪡
ΪâɢϢϾȻЩϤ
佣ϢƣֻȾ佣ϢŨ
ϢԲǷϢ
Ϸǳ϶ȻϡѾûƴɱˣΧռлɢŷܵϢټϳ֮ǰķܣȫһ
⵽ʲô
оϢпܱȷϢƷ׻Ҫߣ
Ȼûеȵóϼȣûȳ˼âƽµľƣһףͻضڳԺ켴ֵõһϢ
Ϣ֮󣬳֪⸱׾ںӰˣҲڴʼ˵ĳˣֻڳ˵Ϣֻô࣬֡ڵءԸ޹ΪȵȣȫûС
Ψһֻһף
Ҫ𣬻ҳ⸱׵ˡϽ׿뵽ֵˣ𣿡ԼõĹ½ϣϾÿܲǣΪǰǳսں󣻸ս׳аٱ䡱ֳҲ֪⸱ףǼס
ʱ䣬һֱעŵ֮꣬һλ˼״
ֻ룿
ϲɿЦȻ֮˷ĹǸ꣬ڴе󷨺󣬵һɱʱ䣬ɱ֮󽫻ǿ
ǣʱ̫ˣҲǳҪġ
ʹ֮ǿ֮ṩ޴İӦǰľƣڵ֮УЩҵáǬתָеһжعԭĹ
ǣһɱ䣬ϵ뷨ȫգ֮ٴƼʱѲ棻ˣѹʧͷϽ취ԴУʱһ۵
䣬ΪСˣϾģĿǰΪֹֻСһת˲ϷֲԾСڵġ
ѭȥǴӼ洫ģ
룬ѿһ죡
ôƼˣ
Ͼϲ켴뵽һŮ˵֮갴ֵĻһŮ
ֻǣΪʲôҵأ
ʱִܹ֮е󷨣


1880 н
˵Ǿ仰ͬʱǸٶȱѣ֮һֵ£λþͱһ״СŮĻȡ
ֻǣ֮ûɵСŮĽһССĴָȭͷ·ʵˣϣź·Ķ
ʹ˼£˳Ǽ·ǷĹ⣬϶ЩȣĹ֮ǰܵغ֮Уǰ붡ûлٻ֮һ·˵ܹһУٹ֮ǿɵΣСϲ١
ȻΣ֮ڳ棬Ȼܺ͵شߣһ֮󣬳ûȥ֮ο֮ż¶ֱ֮˵С󣬰ˮϽУ
óڸĳϣ֮һС󡱵֣СӦһϲϲˮȥųϵǣƣȱͼ࣬ټһɱ֮üǿСôܾͻס
һжźõķ淢չɳϵȴ˲зǳش󡢼ΣյҪһϸСˣˮһ׽֮󣬾͸Ͻ˳
Ϣ䣬Сˮ׽뵤ڽޱȼҵĻս굤ǵǿʵǰ棬ˮһȥһףȻǿˮ׾ˡ
ڣ
׸һ˳ǰ浲굤ͻȻֿǿնɱˮҪٶ˳ϵĵ
ڳϺȳǾ仰ʱ峤Ҳصغȵнɱ٣
ǺˮҪʱһŻͻش˲鲼ȫҲŻΧҲƾնĻˮû
ͬһ˲䣬ҲǿնУһѺۣϣǣûȫն٣ǽһն֮ײˮһ£ˮױײһߣȫʧȥĻᡣ
Żһ֣ϵʱ͸оǻٽˣ澪ȵ٣ﶼʣôڴʱ˿̽٣ɺ
ȻʣȴҲʣ˶ûнٷźЩ֮ǿߣǿгƵ٣ǲġ
ľͨϵõϢ²⵽һнٵĳϣȴûôֹۣٿ϶ֻǸտʼܿͻ
ٴʱ
뵽˵׽ͼЩףû뵽ôӦԻʱϣһһڳϣʴѪ֮อ
󣬽ٽ٣ˮٽ٣ľٽ٣
нٽٵ˳ǡǻ𣬸ˮľнһɲǣȻ֮֡١ڵƣŷԸСҲнٴˡ
ٸһʱ䣬ȳϽһжʰ׵нٽٵĻнٶԳ˵һûܽʵ
ǣʱԳϾˣ
н٣
Ǵϵһ࣬ĿҲǲûм֮ˣҲûм½֮ˣԴڵò٣ڴڵĵͻ֮ĵӣͬʱнٵģȷʵñȽ٣˵ûС
Ǵǵǵ塢һ࣬⣬һʹͬˣѾܾûͳһжˣΪ˳ϣȻ뽵ѣϾʲô££ͬ飿
ȵͬʱ뵽գн뽵٣Ҳôףǡ
˶뵽һܣǳϵõڴС
£˵ΣסҪϴشڣҲͬһҪϿ
۾壬һҺµĻӣ
ھȵͬʱ˵СӣǧҪ¶Ҫ¶Ҳңҵ֮꼸ˣ㻹ɰɡȹн٣ѣĿԣܴ
Ŀףش֣ޡǵ𾪣һһ⣬֣޵Ժﻹһͷһӵ˵Ĺ϶
ͬʱϴڵɽ֮ϣһӰңĿ罣˵һΣһҪ½٣
壬˫Ц⣬峤ʵ˫׼𣿡
׼ˣһɹģ


1801 
֮أռƻԳϽٽʱͻطһ峤½ϻһ٣
½ԽԽˣҪ͸
ǣ
ɽۣ֮һɽɣֱնҶҲ巴ϲҵһ̣Ѿ˺ܾˣһȹٵģҵĽ֮򣡡
ҵȻǲ֪Сʱп꣬нСǽССӰĴҴܣҪнٶ棬ȴǲȫסнѸײڶ֮ƣ˳˵
нѵǵٻˮ٣ȫܱģѺֹǧ򱶣
뵱бԵɺ֮ºΪһɾϢԪԴڣнѺһˣϸон٣һ壡
СӣϷ汻㺦ˡ
ˮ׵Ϊǳȥˣ֮ڣƲܳϿƵǿʣɲֻնһˮҲնˣܵ˸أһѷӹ׸׵ףͱ룬ңǿʣ굤飬㣬
ϷڶαƵôҵĵز
ˮ׵ĴҲھΣϾˮװܶ࣬ˮףֻ㣬һת֮󣬳Ȼ飬˵Աܲܳûӳȥ
Ա
ˮȻǱסˣã
ҪǰСˣվ͵ǰһɣСӻһ󣡡
ʲô󣿡
չ˺ҵˣҵ˿ӦܵζܿӦ½ϵĳһ˵꣬϶ӣҪԱȴνԱΪһ·Σˣӣԣ׼ͬھܹѣԵЩǿĴڣܹһػġ
ʱˮ׳ص𣬡Сӣͣ£

ӦԱԱģ㣬Ϸ򣡡
ǰ
ԴʶѾܾúܾˣĻ˵Ҳ࣬ҲˣԱҲһӵóȥһ˵ӵóȥЩ˵Ķ֣ӵóȥչļˣ
ǰС
˵һһ취ܻӹһ١
취
úֻǿܣһ
Ȼ취ʵ֣Ǳѡܹʵ֣õĺôԲ٣ңܻЩˣȥϵмֵĶʵǲ٣
ˮױ߶ţʵ˵ڿռ𣿡

Ǿͺã־ƣ棬ʺڿڿռģǵˮ˵ģ벻ıϣϱ뽫ڿռ俪ڵﴦˮ׼˵ڿռ俪ڵΪ֪ģû˽ڿռ俪ڵﴦĵﲻһĵ棬֮ٵĶ㣬ںϵ굤飬֮Сסȵ
֮
ףһӦ뵽ģǿС硣
УʵΪһ壬֮ΪȵȣЩܹɵģɲǿռô򵥣ǽǡ˵ˮûм˵ȥȻˬʵЦ켴ת˵ҪģǽŪ棬ϵʲô簡װ仯˷ŵ˵ȻΧнҲܷŹǿڿռϼѲϣȻҪǻ׽٣٣֮һ͸ˡ
ǰǿʾʲôΪʲô֮٣
Ҫˣô࣬ʲôãʲôֻҪסǳˣǰʲô򡢷ȫȷߵĶҶ֪ôŪֶȻڻǳ㻹Ҫϵ֮١ˮִסˣ˵ЩûãҪǣҪȹһأһعȥǶôǿ󣬶ֻǻ𣡡
ȴš⼸֣뵽֮ǰһǿʹϣֱϵķܣ˵ѪĻ棬ʲô
Сƴ˿̲󣬻϶ǳϼδδŵģˮ˵СӣӦһ£
ǰ˵
ѣؼ磡
ˮ׻û˵ֻ֣ŷǳŨӵȻֻһ֣˲ָ˭ȻǸСŮɡ
Сһ
˵ˮ׵˵Ϊˣ㣡ʱ䲻ˣڣͰ˵
ǡ
ͣȥе󣡡


1802 Դ
ˮ׵ϲһ㶣ȻսܴС˲ɻСȫֹнٵ룬ǣӹɵģСϵ˺ܶнٹһЩ͵ؽϵ壬ڵпóȫϨ
Ȼ򣬳ûаԥֱӴѶϢ֮꣬СȥеķСǸʶ˵ԵĻ⣬ȴҲˡ
˲Ϣ䣬޷нٵĹ͵سϵ棬ˮ׵ţȴ͸ƲסļɣԽԽãнԽԽãԴ١
Դʲô
ϵʻûеõشΪˮ˵Щ׶Ͻȥ仰óЩԥɲǼ󣬳תˡһβܻʲôλӰͬʱ϶ˮ׵ļǺ棬ֹռ䣬׻Ūʲô
Щס綼ǳҪȫкãֵҲʧ
ˮ˵òһתЩ硢ĩף㿪ʼнܣײĵ棬ױڣڳϵҲʧ˿̣еĻҳ̶ȣʶĴԪգǿ
ȻףɻǲܲŪ׽٣
ˮ׵Щ˻ˣղֱݺݵײһ£Ƹˣˮ״ȴ״ó뵽ˡعⷴաĴ۶
¸ж֮ʱþȫﺰҡס٣
Ϊнٵĳϵǲѣȴ˵Ҫϡ׽١ĻһʱЩˣϵȻûɣȴһ£۾ŨŨɻ󣬡ټ׽٣ζʲôнȫȹ׽ĥԼֻߣҪЩʲô
ӵ۾Ҳһ£֮ǰҪн٣ȻûннٷнٱϾĴɱܹ⻰ԺӾȵȿҪǲܹȹȥܶȹľ籾Ҫһˡ
ÿӵľ籾һΣʹӽϵĵλһ֡
ܿ죬Ŀⶢʹɫƽߣƽ˵С㣬֪ʲô׽٣
Ҫʲô׽٣
ˮ״Ϣ󣬳˵Դ٣
Դ٣
£ƽҲΪˣʳڵ壬Դٵĺɱ𣿵ûʳڣǶƽ˵𣿡
ƽ߼Ϊصص˵ͷȡһα־Ķƽֱӽ飬һɫֳʧ
˼䣬塣
峤ڴ峤ϣ·Զվһɫ·ˣϿһģ˱׉
ʱ˿̣׉Цص˵ŹΪ˵֮仹żϡ۶ܲͷȴֲò˵Ͼ׉ŲСڿɲܷзѵΣ
׉ͱ˵һŭ𣬾ʱԺһЩЩľҲСľڳϵĳɳǵõֻһߣҪ˳ϵҪŮֳһɫףСͻޣû뵽Ȼô̵ʱɳһˡ
𾪵ʱûаֱģ׉˵һܲˬĻһվ۸׉ɵأ׉һ飬ǲղŵƵ峤ŭˣ뵽ŭ׉ûеûк£ϲֻҪŭͺðˡ
ʱˣ³֣ɱˣ
ɱˣ
׉ʳָһ£ɨ˵Ǹʲôţ
ϡ׉æص
ԣǳϣԴٽɱ

׉ɣҪϺɱܹ²⵽ΪʲôԴɱ벻Ϊʲôˣ׉˵ʲôʱӰѾʧˣһͷˮ׉
ͻأ׉˵ɱ׉ҴҶȥ׉֮˵ĻΪҪѳĶӣĶĥʯֻҪնɱľ϶Ϊ
ϧˡ
׉ϵʱԴѾϽȥ


1803 ̵Ķ̣
ոսԴٵһ˲䣬塢峤͸֪ˣ峤Ҫһɢе̤Ļ˫˵һ£
ôˣ
彵Դ٣

˫һ֮켴ָǲϵһû֣Ҫǵĵ˸նɱ
˵ӦɻЩʣΪβӦһ֣ĻҲ÷ôۡ
ҪץʱˣҪסԴ٣ԴٺɱǾҪæˡ˫еɴ˼һ¶ţ峤üͷһ壬˵˫ʲôʱ㶼ҪסҪ侲ܰɹֻܵʧܣ
˫ͷ˵ѵǣ˫ǵˡ
ȥɡ
ǡ
Ȼ˫ǿԼ侲ţ뵽ǰ뵽һżЩƲסЩ˫̤ɢϢУ峤Ŀľ⿪ʼɲһ
벻ɣͿһˡ
峤ţһûᣬӶԻ˵ǣˣԶˣʲôһģȫΪǸˣ˳ǵ壬ҪսǵĹ򣬸˷һ仰ԲŻεĽɱж
˫ӰѾʧ峤ȴٴ뵽彵µġԴ١Ǹ˵Ļƻصڶߣȹн٣
һ𣬻峤Ѷ峤Ҫʱ̣ǽԴ٣峤һ㶣ֶ׹ʾͬ
ͬʱЩ˵ζϵ꣬Сȫ󣬶ƴػųһ֮СھشͬʱҲڿٳɳš
ˮ˵Сӣӻ󣬸㽵Դ٣ҪзԴ٣͸ˡˮ˳һ˵ֵʲôȫŪԽԽá
ϵĴﵹŲٵ֮ЩȫΪС׼ģϲ붯ãˮƺ˳룬ȰԥˣֻҪȹһأȱƾ幫Ľ飬ȡһЩѣ˵壬ǵɶڵȥȡԣһ£ó
ˮⷬɳϻû¶ģĿ⿴ˣʱ뷨ˮ˵ˣЩϵӦҲ٣ʲôԵҲνаֻҪȫ̽
ЩȣȴǶ賤Ϻе֮ȫӹҩ
һҪԼΨһʣµ֮꣬԰ݵؽһȦӸϣӳԺѼһЩ賤Ҳûԥӳһöָ
ϽáڣȻн١Դٻһǣһ󲿷˵档
ڴһڲ²ʲôʱһκҪԽԽãƷԽԽá
ɫʱթĳһΣз֮һΣȴǺ޷ˣ֮궼ˣʲô᲻õģֻҪȹһ٣ɣ߲ᣬ㹻ˡ
ʱ潫Լıȫ˳ȥ賤ҲţûôǣΪ峤ϵ賤ϣµıǲ١
ӣϡҲЩ֮ӸϣȻǴŵͶջ⣬Ҳˡ
ҲûţԼеı׸ϣƽ߽֣ټԼģһԶ˳
ڿţˮ׾ϲ벻ȻСӣǸ취ɹʵֵĻʣֶһ㡣
ˮ˵ǹ֣ͳģ
СӣҪٽˣȫӦǰһذɣû˿ңû˿ɾȫûˡˮһεȰ˵ó¶˾ģżõ뵤С
һʱ䣬ϵࡣ
Ŵķץ˺ڰ׹飬ڰ׹𣿡ͷˮ׵̵̣Ķ̵
Ͽźڰ׹ǻûȫһҳһģڰ׹ҲˣĹܱڵڰ׹ӦҲܰɡ
˿̣˫нٽ٣


1804 һؽĻ
ϣڰ׹鱻ɹˣûⷢžϲ֣
дš︺ĵһ󣬼ڵڶҳʱûչȫҳ¶ȫòһһֺ棬ŵǸƮݡɷ֮еġ̫֡
仰ǣһһ̫
һһ̫ʲô˼
ȴûʱȥ˼֮󣬳׼ڵҳµҳϵ֣ȻȴʲôûпһƬհס
հף
ϲ뵽Ҳ˿հף뵽֮Ҳһ޿հףǱǿհףڵʵҳֻ֣û͸ڶҳ˼ͽ벻˵ҳ
︡ʣɳڵٶȲûмתۼ䣬ڰ׹ͱ̵òˣڰ׹һ뵤
ϱ⣬ˮȴǷһ֮ȥнԴ֮£вʧˣΨڰ׹ˡ
ڰ׹黹Щ֡
˵˸ֵ飬ڰ׹һ뵤ûһֱȥһĻ˵֣һתԼ֮
ʱֻԭһĺڰ׹˲ֳɣֱȥŵ㣬ʱֹͣƴɱںڰ׹
Ϸǳظоڱǿ㽫ڰ׹ȫȴǲٻ๥ǻصǰ״̬תŵе
ܱ֮ǰǿ̫࣬ˮ׶ܵӰ죬ˮײŭϲȴǶԳ˵ϻʲôȫó죬ٶҪ죬ûжʱˡ
Уǡ
ʲôбҪȡҿʲôȡ˰˸ˮæôõĶȻҪڽ
Ҫؽģ
ؽ
ˮʣϳ˵Žһ飬ˮױʾ⣬һĬ˵㻹Ϊؽ׼Щһó
ȡרŴؽ֮ĵĴָǳʯźɫʯͷڷǿϡ
ˮϲرǿǳʯʱ򣬵£ˮ˵˵һˣеһУȫڣܹɹƳؽܽǾ仰ڵĹűű֮࣬
ϿԼʶűҪűĻƳؽֽǺεЩɣ𣿡
ϻϷҪԱˣƭ㲻ɣ
ԣ֮Уˮûᣬ˵СӣҪǶ죬е˳ڿռγɵĻпܳᣬؽһˣнԴٿɾõĴ֮˵һ취֮٣Ǿ͸ˣͿԽڿռǿٽؽ
Ѿˮ˵Ĵˣ뵽ʲô˵ǰֻϧСĿǰƴʤγٸߵľͲˡ
Ѿ㹻ˡ

Ƴˣ˵һ仰ҪʺԼķǿķҪģ⣬ҪĵǷĶӣŮİˣҪϬͨӡһ壬һ㣬ܹ𣿡
ܣ
ϼᶨ˵ĦЩؽƬ
⣬ˣ˵㲻Ҫؽ꣬ǾõĻᣬ⣬ٸһ֮ˮ׽һϢֱϵԺ
ûʱȥֻǴԵعһ飬Ȼˣ֮еһЩԹǳʱΪõֻˮ˵֮еһ
󣬳ɫ˵ǰҵҵ겻ܹʹá󣬳ϰ굤֮˵һ£ˮ˵Щ⣬ֻҪɹ֮ǵ֮ôþôã
⣬ԥתϻЩģĲзģ˵áǳʯʱϵϻûҳרڻķģ
ϣС
ŵʱѾóϾǣЩҲûбƻʧһ뵤
ǳʯڣҪ࣬ϾǳʯһλϴϸǳʯУоӴǽнٵĹȥ
нٹλ峤֪


1805 ˫
峤üͷ΢΢벻Сӻ֣һϢˣз֮Ӵѳ̶ȣ
һ峤Ҳͬʱ󣬻峤ʵ˫жʱܵ
峤⣬֮ڣ
˫һ»Դ٣
ǣ
峤峤ͨãͬʱɽ֮ϣ¶ʹ֮飬֮ǰĽƴסڣоԼҪûˡ
ûзҧţƴֿţϵţһɹģ֮֮֮ˣ
ĳϣһҪʹǧ򱶣ڷͬʱȡ˺ɫƣˮ׵ľɱˣţһҪţдܣ
ʲôܣ
ƣҲǺʮ㣬ϣܴˮõ𰸣Ȼˮ˵Ҳ֪˵ں֮ǰˣûܷⶫ浽ʲôĴܣвȴ˲ٺöʱ󡢿ռ߾ȵȣ˵㲻Ǹܣⶫһ鱦
һαƸסƾʲô˵ŵͬʱʵǰ֪֮ʲô
ǡ
ˮױҪѿڶȴִסת˵ʲôԼȥɣ˵Ҳ棬ԼģҪ̵ö࣬ңҶ˽⣬ã˵˵ˣֻܸ㣬·ܼܳѣܶôѣһҪ߾ȫ֮ͣ٣Ƕǿ֪𣿡
ǰҼסˡ
ջƣţˮҲڵ֮æµϽ˵šڿռ䡱һҪô
ʱһƽʱЩʱȫʲôڴ˿̣ÿһʱúӣҲΪǺ޲óȹЩѣΪǳģĴҪʲôǾͻǳˡ
ʱСԳ˵жҪҪҪ£
ʲôĶ
Ӧһˣз֮壬Ǻͻһ𵽵ġ
ˣ
һ˵ùȥϸûеģǿڶ࣬رǻǸΣڣˣֻ׶༪ˡ

СӦһרػųϵ֮
һֱĶ϶Īϵʱǿ鶫Ҳǻ˫͵شյĲ䵽Ͽա
Ӱδȫֳϣȡİˣ
һϤϾ֪˭ˣǼһأɱһأ֮δĻ˫ȻµľƺΣգȴЦôãͰأ
㱾ҪнٺԴٺɱ֮£ôܴ棿㣬ٲҪȡİҪ̤֮֮ܽĴţӴˣǰ;ʧʷ֮У
˫£ӰҲȫֳ˫־Ҫʩչطȡϵİڿȴ͵شסˣоܵĻǳ켴תһ۱㿴賤ˮ֮УȴԼͬȳ֣

˫һǡΪоǹ˵ɱĿɨԶֿ¶¶˲˵һһֻ֣һߣɾߣֱû˫ؿػѪϸƲѣ˫ѹеľϺڽӴ˲䣬˫ֱѪˡ
ǡ
˫ӿҲٿӣ˫α˿ȥԺ˼羪Σ﾿ʲôطЩʲôϵ
֮У˫ֹס˲ӣȴǻԴٽˣţԴ١Դٵн٣һ£͵³Ѫˮȴ˵̣ԴĽˣһûᣬֻҪһС
ֹסӵĻ˫µľûпܵģ˫¶֮ɫ׼ƴһѣһӿֱϡ
˵㻹š
賤ϾҪ˫һͬһ˲䣬ˮǾϲޱȵ˵ԭΪİòŵˣֻҪ˵İʹתƣڿռ䡭
û˵꣬ˮ׾ͺȵ
ȲҪɱá賤ɻȴͣס֣˫ɽӽϣһŻϸΧס˵ֻҪİߵǹ֮ţپܰȻ뿪˴
ͬʱˮڴڳ˰ΪԼĹ


1806 ҵǴŲ
СŲƣ
˫תԳǧİСŲƣСŲƻ˫˯˶ܹʩչΪ˱ܣ
ֻҪӴܾͿʼӦСŲƵʱתСŲһתϵİԶŲ壬ԣ˫ĵĲŲƲ˳ϵİǽӽ˳ϣ
Ȼû˫ǳǣ谭˳ϵߣϸΧ˻֮УȻɣǣ˿Ѿ˲ô࣬ң˫϶Ӯˣرڿҡҡ׹ʱӣӵ϶ˣҲôһػˡ
Ȼͺͻ˫϶СŲһתڵİ翪ˮ˫ǳɹԤס
ˣ˫һ˿ɣеİȫŲųϵİûϢʱ䣬͵һ˵ĳ̶ȣ˫Ҳȷȷʵʵо˰ǿҷԼǱҲڱתɰ
˫ţƾڵİܣֻҪһ¶϶ܹɨǧν澳ǿߣֻҪָһӼ䣬ܽǰԳˣ˵ھǹ֮Ϊ֮µĵһˡ
ֻҪҾй֮ΪټϰһĹ֮ǿ߶ҵĶ֣Ϊ
˫ʱͻһǿҲֱֱȹܶΣͱһϣдɱûóȴȻ뿪˫Ͻϸ¼飬ɹۿ˺һ˫ûзκ˰ԽԽԵԽԽǿ֮⡣
˴
˫һѰǺ񣬴˿̣ǿ£ٱ仯˫Ժ͵һ⣬ѵǰ⣿
ʸճ˫ȵط֣İԹˮһϵڣһ˵עϵĵ棬˫ɫ䣬ҵİôܵǬСŲưưϣаʧ㡭
ܲ˼˵õǰŲƣŲȻСŲҪˣ˵˫İ˸һɶǱİֵ˵Ͱģ㻹ǵ𣿡
˫ⲻŲ̣
ˡ
˫ֱҪȣſȴûбĳһ֣ǺȵСӣΪٵİô̵˾͸ټӱ³
㲻У
ߣƾڵӣһȭܽ򱬣˵֮䣬˫ϳֱ֣ŹâԴٺԴغɱĵ˫ΪȭͷȫڳϵϣɢȥܣܳΪѹϵһ
Ȼ򣬻˫һȭͷ֣ȭͷƣԱܴģ򱶵ٶȣϵ֮ڣ˫ȴȥ̽ȭͷǸ֮С
ţ˫ڵԴԴϵϵȥ˿̣ˮ׻׻̵ųϣȻ࣬Ҳ⣬ܷŹĴָܷŹкö
˫ûа˿ӦˣľѾڼСϿܵϵǿ񱩻ǿ
˻ң
ţ˫ĴָҲˣ˲䱻ĨȥӡǣеĶǾģҪģ
󣬻˫Ѫ֮ͬϵһĭһûҳۡһˡ
ȡϰĻ˫ûʩչһɱУԼİȵеһз׸֮⣬ʧƬ֮£Ҳڻ˫һ˲䣬峤оˡ
峤һʱʧ񣬰βŻָ̲ţΪӵľֶΣĳЩΣմ򲻹ܻûġ
֪˫ûʩչֶεĻᣬȥ˫ƣʱ»رȫѣʱҡҡӿһѪ
ҪǷ峤ϣһĵı飬תۼͻû¶ΪӶ࣬ˣһУɻ㲻һУȻھֻл˫һӣע̫ľڻ˫ϣ˵ѻ˫һ
ڶԽԽߣǿҲ̲ס˳ȴѪǻѪ
ϣɱ֮Ϸ򶨱ڻסռʣӵģǱ޵ģģ˸˭ɱ½ߣط
ʱϼ
һ̣Ͽ콫ǳʯˣ


1807 ͬھ
ǳʯǳϲڵġ
֮£ǳʯҲ뵤֮У֮иˣʹתǿʵǿ˺öࡣ
ľҲǳòƲѣڶţ㣬ƺʲôıˮ׸ƣƺͳϵ״ǲ£ˮȴ
ͬʱˮ׻Գ˵ǰ˵ģɶˣ
ǰСӼǵ
Բһ˿©һеһжǰȫ׷ѣ
ǣ
ˣһԱʱпܻԺֳЩöҪؼǵãǰεĻ棬ҪסЩŴã˵ģЩط󲿷ֶž˵ĲƱ

֣˵ˮ׻˵ЩʲôȴΪһ̾Ϣ˵ʼɡ

һоС
ϰˮ˵֮õӻңˮҲȼտʼˮԤϵǰ㷢չ
ǣзɳһײһ󣬵ҡҡ׹ˮ׿ƲסϵϢ˲綳ᣬһ˿΢˼һжֹ𣿡

ף˳ϣɲǣϾˮ˺ĺܡֻдܹµľƣ
ҡҪܡ
Ҳ˺غ˳һɫ΢䣬ܸоϵɫ׵׳ĿǰΣȥΪҴȴĳԥؼذϡ
˼״ҲѧԼԼӿϣˮʽȥȻȣĿľͲôˣӡϡǾͲ˵ˣǵҲԼĴ㣬ҪųϻأҪǳˣҲˡ
ЩǴǵ൱ش൱Ӵ󣬿ˮȻϴϢҪ
һδӳϿ³֮һ˼ӴȴǲʱС˵һҵһЩ
ʲôֻҪУҩ
ϻûлشˮ׵ССҲٳɣֳһȥռϸоСӣ˵С󣬲ùңȫʩΪ
ǡ
ܼס
Сʹȫڷű仯ССǲ֣ϵб仯Ĳһգе¿ռ͵һ㡣
¿ռ͵һҲһСеڷű仯еֱӱˣеںˣеǣ켴һֵ飬ǵָ֮ڵģȫˣһ⣬֪ȥδ
սսȴѭ֮С
ֵǣеҲڼٿݽߣսģ˿̣ľƷǳΣգϾ澳ǿߣܼôʱ䣬Ѿܲˣۿ˾Ҫնɱȴͻʧû֧ţҲȻҲȴ۳һƴ׵Сնȥ
Са˾һæǲ֪õ֮ˮ׼еûСػϵ綡ǻһϨ
ʱѪдһֱײ㣻ͬʱˮҲǱϷ򲻻óѵģϷҪô˴һǰδеĿռ䣡
Уˮײ
ٶȶޱȣײ㣬ʾǵﱬɵĽ֣ˮ׽סȴ֪
Сӣס˵ĻӦ£ˮ׺һ׸ǱѣʣµĲƲٶȵõ˲ǰϷһɣΪռ䣬һ
䣡
ˮױˣ޿ɶˣըɲǼ䲨еը¡Ƭգж˳ȥ
ΪЩˣܵ˷𣬹ģ絶ǣֱӱɿȥǿģҲǺ˰벽һҡһ࣬ӵⶼһ𶯡
Ƿ𣬾ôǿСģܻǧˣĵߣһΣҲûлˣҵͻƣָأ
ţĿⶢųһ˿̵ĳϣȴǻˣСϻסȴͬΣڵĺ¡Уз츲صڷš
ըԽԽ


1808 ڿռ䡭

ĴȥΧ඼һƬʣ֮壬⵽Ҽǵ֮ǰУǰͬھ
ţ鲻Խ̧ͷϿȥʱɫ䡣
յĴڣֻǳԼ۵˶ٹ½ĵطûпգջɵģżƣ¹´£ٵÿɫ˵˸ǳǶٲ١
Щֵ֣ǣ̫ǳͬʱڻУ
ôܣ̫УУǳҲУǰ죬ҹ˵ֿأֻµĴأҲƽزһǼӲĴأȥȴĸоڳΧҲûлľĴڡ
г޵ɻǰȥһŬŵ׷ʲô£˺һЩ룬ģ
Īأϼӿٶȣǣŵصܣôӿ죬ٶҲ̫죬ܳ׵ʱ򣬳Ͽһɽһһ̶Ȫˮ˻𣬿ʯͷ
ɽߣа
ƬҶӡ
ˮҲ壬ûκڡ

۵һУóһǿҵΥ͸о·һУӦôһ㣬ϵ̵ظܵŨԣҲԪȫ˵ʲô
ϳȥֱӾͱ˽ȥԪʯԪһȥˣȥӣΪѾģȳκһҪȫȥֱӾͿã
ӦûЩʲô
еĳϣôһʣʸ䣬ͻرһҲŹ죬Ϊֻȴû
ȴóϻһ飬һȫǰ˵ҿٳһǰδеڿռ䣬ѵǰЩڿռһ𣿡
Ȼв²⣬ϻţʼƬп˽һӵʱ䣬ӱϣϵٴӶ󸴻صվǿ¡
ףƬзԲ׿
ϴϢţһο죬뿴֮жߣһԾûתЩٶȾϾһӴȥ
켴顱һǧףԼһǧɣ
üͷ뵽һǳҪ⣬˵ڿռ䣬ʲô֮ǰ˵ڿռ俪ڵ֮УҵΪڿռⲻìҵأ
뵽ЩʼѰ
ͬʱӡϡһˣȫΧڳߣȻǶֳ˼ӪǵһӪȻֻһˣȴ˭Ҳҽԣ֮ǰֶζ¡
ֻڴʱ˿̣˵ע˳ϣǵѾû˺ûһļ
Īˣ
ǴеʣֻʸǴӰ죬ȴǸͬأ֮ǰŽһж˵ҪżһУشڣȻϲ֪żʲô϶ԴڷǳҪڴϵ˿̵ĳϾһУȻˣִʲôܴʲô
ﵹǱȽɣȫûκιϵ֮ԻŻ˵նɱȫΪҪֹڵԭˣ˭ҲòҲʧ㡣
ͱȽˣóϲôĲŶԣȴǴһ˺ã˺ãٲΪʱ굣ˣֻǣ˵ĻӡΪʲôûʧ
ĿҲ֮ɫһֵľ籾ѾƶòˣҪǳϷȥľ籾һûãѡĶ֣ˣˣҲҵĶ֡
Щ˶жˣԶе壬ȻҲ϶ˣ峤˵ţ˫Ϊ㱨˳ˣϢὫһˣȫնɱΪᡣ
ҲŴˣ׷ɱûͣ¡
Уˮʱһ˸оˣĿˣ䣬ܳɳ˿죬Ԫžǿ߶֣ĪҪɳ̫žǿߣԣبžǿãһٺɱٸɳĿռˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ڿռеĳϣҲѪѾָȻڻԵġϡҲڿϡ˲䣬ڿռеĳʧˣԵĳϣüëգһգָһ
۾


1809 ֮壬
ˣ
ϣ
̫ˣ
Ÿ˼ڳ۵һ˲䣬ԼͬһȺ۾ﻬһĨ⣬ȻѡĶ֣Ȼܳס˴ѣֻСӵΪ
ûã
ͬʱһҪֵ⣬һŤޱȱߵĸоҾ֪СӲôȥΪʲôСҰΪʲô
ȴĻϲΪǵأĵϣϻţƽߵ۾ٻǣǾ֮ɫţ֮壬ԵĹ֮壬ԺֻҪûгԽԴĹ򹥻ȫЧģϸֻǲ֪߹֮壬Է򹥻ֻĹ֮岻һ㣬ҲӦá
ķӪûг֣ΪǶŹ˼ɣûΧȺ˼ţղΣʵģ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳڿռ䣬ɵͬʱǳ׵ĿӲʵĴأɽ̶𡭡
һеһжȫһ
ڿռ𣿡
ѹĳϣЩԼĵӣˮ˵ڲͬڿռ䣬һ̣ϺץһڿռһǵڿռʲôӣԼڿռǿռڲͬ
Ҳֻǳѡ
Ѿ뵽˷˵ڿռæѰսСλ÷СûСͽڿռΪʵڿռ䣬Ҳǵһμڿռ᲻ʲôΣҲһڿռֻ˵ռ䣬ԶҲԭԼ
ԣΪ˱ϵ˵棬Ӽ߹ǼĴȡǻ꣬ǻһ˲䣬׼ѧһ˵ƨΪ˽鷳õõ˵ĽͣȻҪŽкǻ꣬رס죬ΪΧЩ˸ŨҵΣǻʱ򣬱̽壬ӵڿռ
ˣ
ǻ꿴ǳͬʱһյĻ棬Ҳˣϲǻ룬ֻڽڿռǻûش˺ǻܲڿռд
һߣϡĿ⣬ž֮ɫ۾ҲٴһƾâǵľâȫǸ
ⴢȻûл𣿡
ǵĿ൱ϬǸڳ߹ǼĴһǳͨĻɫɾôͨɫȻԴԴٵĺ֮£ȱر
ѵ߹ǵԭ򣿡
Ҳ˳Ͻŵλãǣһη²⣬Ϊ߹ϣҲѺۣʱ򣬳ڴϵ˵УһȻ벻ܹ˴٣ȫΪСڵԭ
ֻɻ󣬡Ϊʲôֻӣʼնûгֹ
Ǵ󲿷˵עڶԳȡǻ꣬ǻľٶˣѾ˼ҪϵĴ֣뿴ΪʲôͨͨĴܹô͹¶١
ͬʱڳϵҲڿռعǻ꣬͵ط˿ϲǽʲôҸоҵĻڿٱǿǿ
ֹ۲һǻ껹ûʲô塢ȵ֣ǻԽԽŨѿӽҺ״̬ŷСŽڿռ
Сһڿռ䣬ɢââԽŨϼ״˼𣬡кôʲôϢ롭
ȥ˾ͳˣҪȻҪˣͬʱ֮أҪȥȴͼϳϵĻͻشŹââֱǸǣ
Ȼû󾪣ŭȻˣҾɱһΣԴ٣ȫ٣
ˣͨ˵һѺô峤дϲΪ㲻ǺôҲҪвȹԴٵĳϻǵĺǳأǸ˵ĻﻹǵĶأ
ǺԴ٣ٴν٣
ֵԴŪһ㶣Ҳһ֮Ҳȳˣʱ˵˭ҪֶԸҾɱ
ͣӵĻǲҺӣ֮뿴ϻӦ֮⣬ҪϷֱøǿһЩʱܸ׵ͻƣͻƵø࣬Ϊ
ϣҲһϲ߹ǼĴֱŪڿռУͬʱʵܽԴ𣿡


1810 
ڳϵҪûоܾƽٴǶԴٱķŭн٣վһԵ׉ϻ˹ﻶϲϽȰĳһ
׉ʲô⣬ײϴŨŨԹ޺ȵûܹӹԴ٣ϱϲϺڣ
Ƿߺ޲ѣСӵĥʯҪСĴۣСӣҵԴǴ󵨣ԴٶˣҪǲĻ
ⷬҲָ֪⡱һ棻ҲԴ٣ȻΪվͬһϣҪȻôѸٵط
ڿռγɣ֮ɹԴԴҲ˲˳ϰְΪ֮⣬ãĳϣѴصĶȫȡ˳СڡСŮꡢpޡˮȵȡ
ʮơ
ʮڳֵһɲǣʮȥתۼʧڳϵϾȣʮƷȥǲǺҷУĿĵķߡ
ϿСڣСڻʮɫâ֮Ҳԭʮצ֮ڿռеСڷӿʮɫâһ֣ڱǿǻ꣬ʱڵأȻܿ͸ʮɫâʲôηУܹ򵹡
ûѣȴҲʮɫâԶԶģҲߵ֮״p޾͸˵ˣŸۣɪɪ
СŮϣӰ˿˿ɫѾѪˮ꣬Ƥë֣Ƥ񣬷˿ε
һУ˵ĻǳϣЩ״̬СŴãǷڿռ󣬳ҲĶˣڿռֲоȴûɢֺ
Ͻ֮˼άڴڿռת˳뵽ѣǽɹؿٳڿռ䣬ǣȥ굤أǿأ֮Ѫɫ塢ȵеһУȥ
ŵʱĻ棬ɳֻˮԱ͵ը֮ǰĻ棬ը֮󣬳ϾͻˣڿռγɵģҲ֪
û˵飬ʲô
ϲ쿴ԼΪȴǷֿԼΪԼԼΪδ̫ˡţǵؽ֮УΪҪͻΪǻ϶Ȼһ̤澳澳ûģΪĻʵ̫ˡ
ڣϻԼûΪˣ
Ϊûˣûˣ굤Ҳûˡ
ֵһУдɻȴ̫ģĵԼʵ᲻ҲΪȵȵʧʧˣĻǰϴ׵Ĵ㡣
£ָ˵𣡡
һƻ磬ǰ𲻴һ״Ϣȵȣǣȴܸо̺ŵӴܡ
꣡



ˮľ
֮֮⣡

һһԣγڿռ֮ǰõģڶãһû굤黥ѹƣҲٵֻʩչóһܡ
ֻǣһʩչʩչģһڣóϷĵǣʵ֮ǰǿ˲٣øء
ϲ쿴ԼӣڣǳѨҲڣתǬתľʲѣ⣬Щź˵ǻûʱȴҪȻǬһٳǿɡ
Լģ̽һ֮󣬳ϲŽ˼ڴϵ˵ϣ֮ǰ˵ģҲˣϲὫϣϣΪʲôһè׽ϷȻӵ
⣬ϸҪǴƴɱӶһ߿Ϸܲ䵽أ˼ҪСѹƾСܿݣҪȥӦòʲô¶Сûѣңǣƽ棬ӦܻȫֻиǾӡ
ţԺȴͻˮ˵ؽһ£ɼ֮Ի֮д֮֮ӵҪɣҲˡ
һȻǸ㲻ʲôȴǿ֣ͬʱȥһݣռѭΡһתαʧ֮С
ռ䣬С˼ѡ
ˮһ˵׷ȥԴҲûϽռ䣬ֹͣ٣㷴˵ӣӵȥֻһ
ϴʱѾˮ˵֮ж


1811 ͬ⣬
׷
ץס
ͬʱȵŸӰųʧĵطȥӲŲæظƽȴûжæ˵ǿȥ
صСǡ
ǲá
Ľ֮ɼƽ߰οС㣬׷ȥĻпܻΪ׸ֽѶˣô˵Ҳ̳ڴУռƣ
ƽôһ˵Է֣Цҡҡͷ֮ǰѪͷųǰ㹥ʱӿĸо⣬۾ϻôŨ
ȷƽ˵ռƣ˵ڴиС󣬳ϲżһУǣ϶ż״Ҳ˽߰˰ˣռʱ֮š
ռѭΡоĴͨʹóյĲռﴩ󣬺ͣѾˮ˵ģڿռɼؽϵüͷţȻΪŵ߸ˣȻҪӲƴܵģ֮ĵжԹϵǿԺһ¡
һƣϽŲͣ˵Ƕ뽫ҿУ
СӣԹԸϷߣϷúúõġʱ𣬻䣬ϾҪȣȴ£ŭ˵ϣ֮ǰᣬȥסһʱ䣬Ȼǻᾡ֤İȫ
ĦģǰƴҪɱ𣿡
ᣡ
Ӳδ룬ֻǸź濴ţֵҸȥҲǲܣܵõʲô
˵ϷͲõĴڰж֣ңҪǵõ֮ܶȫ⣡
Ϊõڴең֪֮޷Ƿѣ˵ڶԷصĲǷ򣬶ǵ佣ϢƵĹâоǵâ϶ȷ߽ס
ϷЦ˵Ӧô賤֪ɣ㵽ڣһʱУһ꣬ʮ꣡
仰óһ飬ȷʵЩģȻŪһʱ󣬵ֻһʱ䣬ʮֱԺԲƣϸܸô󣬿϶Ŵͼı˵ԼԴĺҪ
춴а󣬰󣬹˼壬һ꣬а꣬㵽춴ֱ꣡һڱϴΪһ賤˵ʱ춴֮ϣȻܹʹð󡭡
ɫһ䣬ûô࣬ľҪѹȥڲȥ˵ȴװû賤˵֮ϲʵ˵ģ
ֻҪ㵽춴ܶ϶ӦġҲЩɵһ´ǣ˵ҵ춴ֻ´ڲӦ
ǸҲӦ
ϼ
Ϻһת賤ֱɱŭֻȥƵ賤볯ŭȴǱ˶͵Ĺһ֣ˮֶҲɱȥϵǰ˵˼ûпƴһȻͿԴ뿪ˡ
Ҳٴͣǵƴɱ޾ɫЦ⣬ЦǵСôӹҵķۣ˵ҲʵϷǻӦ𣿷һսʱǶˣʱ˸Ϸ춴֮⣬·𣿡
СˣҪôסǧٻءϻڽ뻺գΪվ·磬Ǹ˵ֹ̬Źޱȣò֣˵ԣǻһ֣Ƚ£սһˮ㣬ûߡ
⻰ûлңǶվԴټȴЩʲôԪҺҲʲôȫڿռ
⵹Ǹܺõ顣
˵˲ԶĳһۣŴϣ賤նһЦϧϷͬ⣬ֻ㻹һ£Ҳ˲٣ȫȫ֮أϷŹûСӣȹԴɹ֮ϷʩչĿɲǹΪʲôܻڣΪǶûг֣ȻڻվǶ𣿡
ⷬ˵÷ǳţɫЩѿ켴ȵˮ¶ȫ֣նɱǰˣʱص춴ܶ϶ǳˣ

ȫȥϼƲΪҲĹ賤ϱҲɱˮֻɱڰ·ϣȴ͵նˮ
Ҳһ˲䣬϶ˣδУһС


1812 Ʒ
Ӫƴɱȴûнѭ˿ӣǽս˫ֹͣƴɱתעϣ˵ͻĲȡϵĽ飬Ƚ˵
ԣϲӡ
ӣϻƴɱмһѻƴɱӲҡ
ռѭΡתһʽֱˮӦ賤ϵˮͻɱȷʵˮСһû뵽ϻҳ֣û뵽֣Ͼղųϱֳģ춴Ǵڡ
ˮû˿ңһЦԡ֮ʵȷʵǣϷǰǵʵȻ
ţˮһ̺зܵĹţûнעڳϣȻԴٶ˲˵ĳϣвپȣȴȫȥӡ
ȻʱϽռѭΡȫתƴĳϣһϮˮǰˮķײһ𣬡ѿ
⣬ˮЦһٶȵе죬ֻϧʵ̫ûϵ꣬ˮЦȻסɫ䣬ΪڡѵͬʱĹҲ֮ѣһһܹϣһ
Ʒôܡ
ˮڷУ賤ȫȻ賤ϵȥ˲٣Ҳ˲٣ȫһȻˮ³һѪ
賤Ͽϣ뿴ʲôĿģʵʱ̣϶ڿռеܹƿҲǷǳȣƷĶ򵥣ϲˮ˵ġ֡
ھȣɳȴμץסᣬˮԼ¶ͬʱﻹ˵ʲôоȽɱ˵
Ŷ
Ӧȫ賤ʶģ˵賤ϲŲȴȥ룬ֻԹƣȫйˮϡ
賤ϵĹδˮѾ˳𣬳Ȼû굤ѹƣ񴦴ѹƣң̺ڿռɱǿ
ֻתۼ䣬ˮɫͲ԰ͷϻȼ˻棬ôҲ֮ˮǾȣЩţΪоԼΪҲգ⾪Ÿպʢ
¶ȴǶ𣬶ּһСʵڶǰӦЩʽʩչȴǷǳӦ֡
ǿɱˮٴ⣬ȵǣʱѪⱬ롰ʵڶײ¡ըУܻˣѪˮġǡҲٴαƣһɱ֮ǰ͵ܺϣѪѣţ賤ɱ
ѪɫҲûˣ˵ѪɫСţ֪ѪɫĹܻûС
ʱҪǻãܸ춴˴鷳ϧ治֪תѾ׼ԡȭܣ˿̣ҲֻСȭˣʲôȭȭȭ֮࣬ˡȭһ֡
֪ڵȭǼΣ
ϼȭʱˮոշѾ賤ϻϲˮϢ֮ɱˮֻüʩչһʽСС
һأȭûбֱӺЩܣȭʵʵˮϣˮؿǴȥȭͷֻЩƤ֮ˣ˿δ
⡭
áȭס֮ǰԵʱֻǿЩܲãȴʩչܣȫ˸μûмȥѭȫٴԡȭɱȥ
賤ϵ൱ĬϻȭͷĿյ賤϶һˮȫûһĴϢ̵֮ҩЩ
£˭óˮΣӡ
ȵСӣ治ʶôΪ㸶ô࣬ȻҧһڣûǣƣΪڻŹ㣿ѵ㲻굱ã˭ܸĺôʶģϽɱǸģϷնɱˣղŵһУϷԼ̣
ȣϸûᣬԽԽͣΪѭȦԽԽ࣬Ȼѭһٰʮ죬ϻûܲ˵ĸо
ˮȫûл֮ˣֿ֮ѹ£ҲӵѣȥԮȴƴסȵϣ

Ͻ¶ȣֻ¶һ֮ΪȷʵᣬţֶԴ˵ĦϣǰĽ飬Ҿ÷ǳãȽ˵
ʲôϷ𣿡
һʣֱҪѪϵʮǡȭˮˮϾɫ


1813 նɱ
һȭһȭǿٶһαһο죬ĸռ䣬Ӳν֮еõʲôôȻôǿ
Ǵڿռ䣬ԽԽȭͷԽԽڵѪҺˮӿģ֮УһǿҵΣ֮УѾߵ˾ͷһ
ָоˮǳˬôնɱﻹҪһ㣬ϾϵΪߣʵǿɼҪնɱģһ֮ܽǰֻΪڲ֪ʲôΪСӡ
ˣôˣûã
Ҳһ˿Ͼǹ֮ǿߣ֮ǰӿеĹ֮ǿߣ˽ǹ֮Ԫž磬ҲһƬء߸ϵǿߡ
賤ԷʧɱȥҪץסᣬˮӳ죬ͬʱҲڳϵĳɳ֮УЩ⡣
ǱߣƴȫҲûܲס¶¶սţնϣԳϿνǺ޵˼㣬ˮ¶Ϯɱϣ԰ǸһЦ⣬˵Сӣɱң㻹ԶúԶԶ
پʮ죡
һһ͵شռ䣬ȭͷˮĵﲿλ¡ֵȵȷȫһűֽһȭ͸̶͸Ѫ⣬Ƶǿ鶫ץС
ˮɵĲԸô˳ϵˡģʶȴģˮھ֮ʱҲھУΪץ뿴һԪžǿʲôԪˣȴֱӻ̽ڿռ仯ģˮڵѪ⡢ͷ
Ͻ˻ҿ϶ҪǼȥˮԻȫɾΪʲôţһˮʬȥֱ¶
ڽżӴˮʬʱһˮʬ棬賤Ҳתɱ¶¶ɱ¶Χɱ֮
¶ŭ쳣ɵСˣƾɱϷϷҪǵԴһšŭУ¶ûȫʧȥǣˮʬðЩɵˣ¶ûȥˮʬĴ㣬һƺȥ
Ϊǳϼģ¶ΪʬҲûʲôã㽫ʬϣвȽϴȻ¶ܸոմˮʬʱˮʬɲǼȫһϮ·˲Ϯ¶ڡ
ɣ
ǰûʸ˵֡
ʵڶ󣬡ȭ賤ϲ๥۾ȫɫҪղ¶ѹ֮ҲƿʮֻҪ֮նɱ¶ʣµͷʲô˻ˡ
ԣΪҹζ࣬³ѪҪʩչط³Ѫһ䣬ȭɱ¶ĳϣȴͻسϵǰȡϵһξѪź¶
ѪȡϻЩ㶣زû뵽һѵĳϣȻ֣ѪһϢ֮ϻȵСӣʲô

ϵػ֣ȷʵһʱֶԸһΪ̫ǿԵʣûǵ۾￴ŽĿ⣬еĽռУһһ
ھͲһˣ賤ϱáסֻҪˣٺʹǳϾˡ
ȻҲὨһˣϻˮˣһֱѰŻᣬ֮ǰˮƴɱУѾϣ¾Ѫһ̡
һձϵȵȡѪˮɣûһ˿飬ͬʱϻоḶ́賤ϾѪǰѣ֮С
ԶŵӣųʩչֶΣƽıȷʵʸҵĶ֣ȻܹƵ浹ŹŹ֣ʲôҶûм
ϼϾѪɫ䣬ζʲôҪٱ賤ĺޱȵأϵóѡ
ԣתͷ˵һǱȽס£ûоܾϵ飬ȻɺڸղŴϾܾһɱȥ
Ƚ˵
ȣ¶ųϵǰУ賤ϵҲֹϣɼɱ¶ۿҪɱǰϴԴ˵ˣѾҿˣô֪


1814 Ҫ
ˡ
и֣ǡֱ첻ѣƶ˵Ѿǳ賤类ƣֲ󳾣ټϱվڳһߵƽ棬뽫ǿдȥǲ֮£춴֣֮ĻпܣǣһĻ󻼽
Сӻ᲻թҵģ
ͻأ뵽ص⣬ʱ͵תԺη̬ɱȥһ𾪣ĿֶΣ
ͬʱҲԳ˵֮޻ɣڴȣҪǽǸС£ΪιϷ򣿡ûȫ£ֲȫŭѣĦģ˵㻰Ȼʹ˱ֶΣ
㴦ƣûնɱǾ̫ϧˡ
û˵ʲôƲѡ֮Ļŭȣƾǣ񡣡ţѾ⣬ҪһʹĽѵԴй֮ߣǾǽѵõϸնɱ
ǡʱһŻ׼նɱϣҪӦȫһһʱ죬ûжùȥ壬һ顣
ͬһ˲䣬ɱٴδѪɶȥųϼδܽնɱôһߣӷŭȴȺʱҲûУɱ𣬴Ҳ¶ģȲȥǱ߲֪ʲôĿĵӣնɱ˵
賤Ҳǵֵס¶Ĺ˷еϣ¾Ѫط¶˽ֵһɲǣȭȻ
ȻʱȭѾѪ죬ʵϣ˼úԶҪóֱ¶ƾͻϾпᣬڿռǿҲֻǸոγɶѣڿռ˵֪ʲôĺԶӻһߣ˵ûг֣ȴоһߣȽ͸ףͻὫҧ
ԣ֮ܽģϾ
賤Ϸֿ¶Ķ֣ǣȴܽ¶ѹסʵ賤ϣ³ȴ壬ǲȫסԽԽʢ𣬸гϣ¶Ҳ벻Ϊʲôܹƿܹϡ
УȽСӳֻҪһ𡣡
¶ţϵǡȭϮͻһƣ켴¶¶Ϻ˵ı飬ֻϷߺ޵˵ѾˣϷһ̰ɣ
ۿ¶ػҪϵͷϣ¶ȴԤ׵һתǺϵĺһ㳯Ϻȥ¶ЦСӣϷأˣҲҪȽ
¶Ķȷʵ˳ϵԤϣܿѾֻ֮ӲʱѾѭ߰ٶʮ죬ϼٳȡڿռŪɺôһţԾڿУצ
̫֮ʢ澳ǿ˵Թ֮ǿȻ£һ𣬸¶˲ٵѹûбϣֻţҲȲ
£˹ײϡ
䡭
ʱȾ׻ҪĺƬУ¡У˲ûзֿԷ¶Ĺһ棬ӸԳϽźɱϵȭͷлһѪ֮ȭֱ
ܿ죬¶ͷ˲ԾΪܹķܣΪڳϵķܣȻûжôȻڲͣؽѪ¶ҿ϶Ĺûиϴ˺
ģ
¶ֹ˹֮壬ҲֵܵôǿķܲŶԡ
ԶӣĿҲо֣Ͽ϶䣬ƷܣֵܹһĹ֮ģ֪ȫһǷ񻹻
ʱ˿̣Ҳھȣ֮ǰȷʵоһαǿȴҲû뵽֮ǿ뵽˵Ĺ֮壬뵽˹ڿռ䡭
ͬһ˲䣬ץסᣬ¶չӿķһֱ¶֣賤ٴδӺɱ¶ԭļƻ֮У䲻⽫նɱ켴ɱ賤ˣƾʵǴ´ࡣ
֪⣬һ̽䡣
ļ٣ɱͳȴԸˣҲȥ֧Ԯֻؿ¶ӷԽԽ΢ûл֮ٵûмֻ֮ɱ¾
ǲҪϷ򣡡
¶ŭʹУӺð˵ҪʩչطóɱУ𣿡


1815 Ѫܣø
Ϸ򲻸ң
¶ǿԳţЦŻش𣬡ҪϷʩչɱУϷԸϷƴΪɢҲҪ⽴ֵܼ֣
ţ¶ѾȫȻˣ賤ϵĹҲˣųϣ޲ýˣˡ
¶ʩչطȻſڣҪ³ʲôʱ¶ȴͻסˣԵˬʱȴס˺ʲȥ²
֮ˣΪ¶뵽ʩչطҪΪĴ֮⣬ʹطһҪԾѪΪ
ͳڡѪ֮ϡ
ϾѪĻ棬ΪسԺ֮УһƲС˵¶ӲԸСӽƵġ
һӣ¶Ѿأ֪ΰǺã¶סˣɳȴûסͻ˺ץҧȥ
ϻ˵㲻Ǻܸ㲻Ҫʩչطʩչҵţ
㡭
¶ʵǲ֪ʲôеķŭҡ֮УеٶȣѾʶˣûоԵı֤ԼľѪ
Ȼ㲻ʩչҿҪˣ
һԺȳǿҰسײȥǰڼзУһ߻ڲȻ㹻侲Ҳȷʵһ˿̣óô˻ᣬ˳ȥȻУ˵ʲôʱͻ鷳
һȭһȭܼ֮£Ϸ¶¶ļϣһѪܣԼкüһĻ뱻ѪɫѪҺǺεȵƣǣѪɫȥﶼ֪ôдأ
£϶賤ϷԸȥնɱǸ賤ڳ֮£˿ԥûֱɱ֮µƸΣرǲڵָʲôʱͻصҪĵزѾеظоԼжܵӰ졣
ߵ¶ûΪֶùһ㣬ֻȭͷַ£һҲͣϢ¶ΪȻڵ䣬ȴʮֵרע
ڵѾһǧѭȻûϴݳʹĸоܳܵļޣԶڴﵽһǧ˸ѭ֮ѭٶȣȷʵ
˿̣۶˭˵һϢꡣ
ʮϢ֮¶ѪҺڵøˣѵ¶ѹƲ˵ĵز״Ҳ˱ȽϿ׵Ĳ²⣬Ī˵Ѫɫ̺Ѫ֮Ѿڿռ֮УЩйʹöڲ֪֮УѪܣ
˲²⣬ϲٳȡƾײ¶㷢֣¶ѪҺڳ̶ȣȻڼӾ磬ȶԣӾٶȣȷʵ
ɻ󣬳ûһ˿ɣ뵽˸⣬ԪڤΪãǲҲ֮С
ţͻر޷֮¶סˣֻ¶֮ɫŭţСӣܽƵϷ򵽴˵زܺãĺܺãδԶ󣬿ϧ㽫ûлˣϷһȥɣܶɱţϷҲ֪ˣ
֮ɲףҪ
ôˣ
ȷʵ
̹Ȼ˵ţתǬתСָ̽Ѫ֮ͨأȡ¶ľѪ֮˵˶಻ֵãǧԸڽ񳯻ΪУ
¶룬ȴ˵ȡˡҵġѪ
ңҿøߣ
仰¶۾е֮ɫһֶޣ˲ӿģȫǼƾ㣬ʲôΪԼˣڳҪϷøߣǿЦΪ춴СèС𣿴춴ĲԶˡ
һʱ䣬һ㹻ˡ
ʱ¶ΪϷ֪ʱ䣬ļƻע¶˵ȥϺһְ¶ԴϣСڴʱϵõǵââʢһ΢Ϣɢ
ϢȻ΢ҪԱ¶סˣһסϢ¶ţϢ䣬¶뵽һЩѿںܶ
Ļ¶ûټ˵ȥһΪ̫𾪣ΪԺУѾӡפ¶³۶²⵽һЩ˵ڣôΪ


1816 ɣӦ
ϵʻ¶ϵɫ仯ŭ͡Թޡ̰ȵȣת˶ٴΣ󶼻Ρı顣
һ֮䣬һôΪ
ѡԱпֹ㣬ϾΪҸߺܶ࡭ƽ˵ţ۾ȴǽ¶ǽƽѪܣ¶Ҫ֣ʱʶԼ֣ʶǰ˲ǽ֮ǰǸˣǹϢ¶սͷż˵ȻԱǾѡһ˴ȥɣѡ˭ɣ
ϷſվһߣղһƴսֹͣΪؽɼ¶ԥȭ賤ǸսţĿֱ֮󣬳ϸϽڿռɼҪԴٽ֮ǰɼȫ
ͬʱϻСָһۣо֮˸ҿ϶ǰСָĹͷѾصô֮£ѸɾˣǣղʩչǬһָʱСָǿ̶ȣ֮ǰ
һߣ¶۾һ˿֮ɫȵ¶ʲô
Уøߡ
ˣǶ춴֮ˣ
֮ǰǣڲǡ
¶ǳƽ˵ЩĿ࣬ԭΪ¶㱻סҲ賤һȻ˿̿¶Ǹ磬һҪųϵӣСӵ׶ʩչʲôֶΣ˵ʲô»ˣ
ţȴûţҪֹ¶սţһĴѩϼ˪ˣ»㲻춴֮ˣҲǳܶԴͽİɣնɱңأҲ˵Ҳ֪Ҫˣ
¶˵ܶ¶Ųһͣͣܶѹȷʵܴ󣬿뵽ǹϢ¶ͻ˵ƣҲܵǸ磬춴ʲô
һ룬¶̤ǰһܿϵĹ˿ȥˣ
úһҲǱѣܼʱҾ£ҿ϶ߵһɱ㣬춴ԺһҪɱ㣬͵ɱ㣬һһɣ㹻ˡ
¶£һǰƴɱս֪Լô˵û˵ˣѾȥնɱ˭ľ˵أĿ⻹ڳϻһۣĵߵʱܽץߣʳþѪƵĹǾ͸ˡ
ı
ͬʱϴ޽ɽ֮ϣһ˹ȥ޽ٽϣǼĺҲϸ˿ǣȴŵ⣬ɽĽʿһߡ
ҲѰڴѰҳټ֮ʱȳƽͺˡ
һߣ߼ƽ汣ǣ޻ɳãֻѭԴٵĽ䴦յ㿴еվһԣȿƴɱ֮ʱ۾ɵֱֱǸ¶Ϊʲôǻɱأ
ߵӰϸϲ죬Ѿˣɽ°ߣ㺰óϻ˻ȥһߵĻᣬǻŲȥأ
߱¶ϲɫֱ̳ڴеĳϣпܾеĿģǣҲӦû֪ںδ
ҪɱȥʱͻסŲĿⶢϣӵ˵ֻҪңʲôҶܡ
õ˻شߣд󶨣Ҳûȫţͬʱڻȥ°һ֣ǧٱ飬Ҳûһʲô֣ȥˮƵ¶֮ǰһ϶ȹԴ٣Ҳ̤֮Ķ֡
ԣԽԽˡ
϶ߣ˵Ҫ֣
ֻҪϷȥһˡ
˵أ
Ҿֻöˣҵġ
Ҫ㣬ɾĶԲ˵仰ˡ
˵ţٽۼڿռҲӿٶȣɾʱϵӰʧˣһȥȴһӰȻҳ֣
û뵽ģҲôţЦ֣һΪǿ𣿡ߴץȥϡȭȭͷڷкһͨߵĴ֮ϣָǡꡱ죬ҲڽѪ
ղҵĹûзܣ


1817 
ղҵĹûзܣ
ߵĵһӦǳܹķܣǻԼʽǲǳ⣬ߵ֪ûǷԸԼ⡣
ߵ˵ӵزӲˬڲƭɲϴ𾪣ǸԼһԶѭĻᡣ
ȻϲδϣܿƵˣԸȥۣҲǲţŵǳϾƾһ֮Ӧߣ綼˹ȥġ
϶ԳȥԴεĺΪǾ˼ǵģһ߾ôʱƴɱǾ棬Ϊܺߵ۷ʱȣ£ټϵ֮㣬Աûġ
Ҳ뿴Լ޾ںδʵսĥǹĸá
뵽ڿռγ֮ǰˮ˵ҪԽԽãʲôУԣߵһڿռ᲻ʲô仯
ȻԷһ϶¶賤Ǻץʱ佫նɱѭ仰ȥں¶ǵĹԸˣ¶ʩչطȻ֮ǰҪԸϵǸطҲС
һߣǲųܹܵߣʩչ͵ʽɱȥȷ̺ŷܣ
һ֣˴յһƬռ·ٴ棬ǻ˷ڲŵľκˣӿϣھκдУ֮αѪˣ߼״ֱĿ⣬켴˫趯Ѫ˻ס
һʱ䣬϶á
һĻһҾ˵ɣô鷢ܿɲƾƵģǱΪߣڷ֮ϣ֣ܣ
ⷬ˼ӿϱøˣǺŷܵˮѾǶڳϵѪ֮Уһ߼һ߶Գ˵СӣԹԸϷߣ߰ϷҵǶϷôʲôҪ󶼿һᣬ磬̤֮ŵĹؼٱ硭
ջųϣóֵҲȷʵϾ֮֮ܽ٣ϧ˵߾Ҳ˵ȥˣΪڳϵѪɫˮͣⲢӴԭתʵСӣҪʲô
պ꣬Ѫִһ֮࣬Ѫ֮ԱȴǳʵüεķǱǽעγɵѪ֮УԪҺƽʥƣ˵ϵķܣɳϵҲԪҺԱġ
ѣ
߿˳ϵ뷨ϽѹѪϵѹȥһѹ߲ŷֲԾѪеǹܣżȥ
ȥ
ɣȴֻЩأȥǾͻºˣǹֵ𣬼̶סѪ⣬óϼ
ȻȽɵ߾ͽѪеܸȥ٣Ц֮ʱ͵ؾѪϳѺۡ
ѪɷܹɣѪѣǾ˵ܱƣ
⡭
߲ԼĲ²⣬ͺñȥ󵶣Ҫһܣ֮󣬲ڵ΢߾ȫȥ
ʮϢʱ䣬ѪͱըǶѪˮҲһͬըѪ˱ɫ˲԰ףʩչ⣬ܹƿܣ
߸յóۣһѪĳϣʧ֮䣬ѭٶȾվǰ˵һһˣǴӦĻпյĻǿȥһˡ
ˣ룬Ϸõġ
ˡߴǸлعɻû˵꣬ʩչǬһֱָӲѪУҪƱгԴʱȡ侫ѪӰȥͬʱ֮
㲻˵ұ𣿡
һʣƿԣȴǸų׷ɱȥйǿҵĲ֮УǱߣϹʼʩ֪¶ǵ³ĻˣҪǵȫϿסΧɱһ壬ûаʤĻʣҲǲܵˡ
һҪóϻûпƵʱȥʱţֱ¶ҪҲҪɱͽ
ţֱɱ¶ɾɱ¶ǰʱͻѭҲ賤Ѿܹϣǽһȥ
ߣӦûˡ
СƳɹٱ˳ʱȴо˲Ծ


1818 û
ʵʵǵİΧȦһӵĻǻûа취ֻܵ۾ż¶ɫһƬ԰ףߵˣȻһ£綼춴֪³Ը춴һ֪
賤ǸоЩϧ˴أȱ̫࣬ߵɲǼ䣬Ͳشסϡ
ڣǽΪһжˡ
֪ƿնͻһ£ųϾغȵֽţ
ûлشڱܿ߷ŭ֮µƴأȴǳһ֮½Χм䣬¶ļѪһ£طкȥ
ۿӳȥϣ֮Ѿ򿪣ȴ˲䱻ϣûð̣ղסһ󷨣󷨾ͺ֩࣬һͷײϣȻ̫ǿȫܹƣǣһȻ㹻ˡ
ȷʵǳڶ֮öյϤֲµģ˵СûѣⲼ׾ٵ飬ҲֻԷһȴľһͷײȥ
ʢŭеߣ˼ûȫң뵽ƴɱ֮ʱ߻ɴ˸뵽ץʱ£ؽ
ǺٶɱȥʱȴȻסĿֱֱضųϣ۶㡭㡭
ɱ˵ɣ
϶²ӣ˵߻ԼҲ賤ϵĺ󳾣ǲܿȥĽŲȴڸǵӡʵ
߳ҲһƬû뵽ֽ֣رǵģûзӣǹðԵ֮ǿжӲˣҪСûд˹Ϸ֡
ݵ˼ˣ˵ĹûƬ̴Ϣϵƣһһˣ֣
Լڿռû֮ǰҪĸ֮ǿߣǾ죬ܹ˵ܵ˷ɡ
ˣûа֮飬ǰľҲûȫվϷ磬ţӳ֣ԼƵĸˣҲһѣһ֮󣬾ͽҷ
ԣվƴɱͦĵطһǲķܣɽڿռУоڿռĲǿҵȲҪ۵ĸо
ȻɼҲûе顣
һж֮۵׵ӣԳϴ˸˽⣬ǰҵǸ籾̫ˣҪ߼һ㣬浹֮󣬲ϣܸа̤Ƭء
ʮϢȥѾˣѪϹ۲ǵĹЩ֮ǿʩչġ򡱣̺ŨŨķ֮⣬Χ󣬺һƬСأһռ䣬֮ǰʩչϵġһ
ЩͶɻصĹԺͻرĳһ⣬˫õİСŲƣ֪ܲõ⹥ãܽԵĹŲǿɾ̫ˡ
˲䣬Ͻġ󷨵ȵϵһĳϵɱУڻľҪСŲƸĥ
˼ˣĲҽ֪ˣȴһϣ˳ϣסϣͽ¶һԶסʱܷΪʤ
ɾղŵһϵ¼׳ϲôÿƵģԣԶӺ£Ǿһһص춴д󱨡
ôһʣжһ飬ǶԴʱ״̬ҪǴӦΣӣ鲻ԽģǷֳ뿴ʲô̬ȡ
ӵ˵ðҪܹ³ϵСָǶ飬ǻ٣Ҷ˵Ļᡣ翴ϵСָ⡭
ӻشеġ͡ˡȵ۶кܲˬȴòǿѹ£켴ΨһķԴ˿·ӵźƺƣɱڳϡ
˿̵ͬĻϸ壬ȥеܣڳСָϣ˵ҪСָҸ㣡
ȥǬһָ̽⣬뵽ϾǸָͷȡ¶ߵľѪƲһڴʱǿָ俴ǿʢʵķܡ
ѣֱȵСӣϷΪˣ
ģûᡣ
켴ָצץһ˲䱻ڿռ䡭


1819 飬Ծ
ȷʵûǸᣬҪֻϢĹ򣬳Ͼͽ˸ɸɾ󣬳֣ûмȥ
ȻѪ⡢ͷ֮ҲһȻ̵ЩҲתۼѣǳϸɴؽ֮ˣʵЩѪˡ
һϸطԼڿռ䣬һޱȾ޴ӿֲĺڶϿӣ룬ڿռ䣬ǲ֪һλʲôģʵ㹻ץһƾͺˡ
ӽӴϵĿ⣬оЩ֣ĿⲻԹȡСָǶҺ˼ƵģˡֻеһĿ⣬ȴ뽫һжеӵ˼ƽˣβ²⣬Ҳµʲô
ˣĿڳϣϾ˴֮⣬˶ǳϵˣǶһҪʲô֮ǿнϴشڣǲ֮£ӲĲУֻģģֲ֪ķ֡
Ϻܿ˵ϣڶ㲢޶⣬ֻҪ㡭
ܸңһξѪ𣿡
൐ĻôֱҪŭȴǿס˵ǲܵġ
ҲĻش𡣡
ϵ˵ǰȥҪ¾ؽ߻˵ҪһξѪ˵һʹӦ㣬ȥһˡ
³Ͻųȥһԥ̾Ϣ̤ȥ賤Ŵϣݵ˵˸취𣿡
Ӱ֮ںӻǲ󣬳ǵĿ֮⣬ڲ²ֻںδǰȡ˴ȴһѪ֮Уûˡ
ţһ²⡣
ŸߣżѰʲôʲôֵ˷ķߴ˱ƣ˵ϵһˣ𣬻档
ɳʲôʱҲ˵˵оüͷ֪ߴԺδʴϣأǿżʲô᲻ͬһ
ǵǽżеһУȫȥ
Ʊǿֻܷŵ̬Щ֮üͷøˣżĶȫڿռһ֣ǵâڲµЩ
ƣڣͷ֣½
ԺֹЩʣԽԽìܼ½½ֻ±ģҪ򵥣һ̫Ĵ½ô£½ʲô֮𣿡
һ̣Ϻ޲ץסӰףһоô¶ʱ֮󣬳ǻһ
ƽ濴賤ϡ¶Ǹڳ󣬶ЩĿɿڴ벻ȥһʱʲôĹ²Ľ
һӷˣϸϲãҲǱ죬ϵһȴǿ˷æȵҵǬأ
ûˡ
ϻ֣ʴǶǬ֪٣뵽ӣסˣ켴ֿڸŵĳ裬˵˭Ҫ̤֮ұ㻹ɡ
˻棿
ѿڶ賤ǱϿסļˣĿ¶ϲ֮⣬Ȼһ֮ǿ߾൱ڶһʵ֮ǰƴ˵ʲô
Χ˳裬ʾ֭Ű취̤֮İײܸ֮˵Ĺ涨ǰ׵˾⡣
Ͽ֣ޣʵǷһ顭
ǲҪʲôڲΪ£㶼ң֣Ƿǳزϵͷ֣˵ڴУӦ֪ǻɣֻҪҳС
˵ţ֣޽˼ò˳һü˵һٸ׼Ŷ
á
֣˵ָ꣬ʾ˼Զϻûж˵ʲôǷ֮ĻֻһЦЦ֣޼״¶ԭ˵ı顣
佫һж˼ĿɨϥԶӣҪһֱң
󣬳ϾȫؽɼʱĥŹ֮ܶӴ֮󣬳϶ڹ֮éٿ֮У漺ģɼ⣬ɼ
֮Ҫ֮ɹֻǵâϢڷ֮ϣܹܲԾǹâ̺Ķأ
ϽԺеǵâʱ֮󣬳ϲɼҲ֮࣬ĥſ֮ʱСˡ


1820 㣬Ϣ
ϸҪΪؽɼСˡ
һ˲䣬ʱоڿռ΢Сı仯ǿ׳һ֮УСȴǴ֮ǰѧ̬֮߰Ůò
Ͽ֪Сǿ˲٣ȻǷĹѣ֮ǰЩһСһıʵ
ڿռҲǰĵ
ãʣ
С˵ţЦ赸ϵ۾һĨȣΪϿСЦǻɵգ˼ڿռĿռҲС˫𵴡
С˵Ŀ϶ڿռǹüų˼֮ɫոĹ֮˵ڿռ𵴣ȻڿռҲڱǿСڿռѹڿռǿʲô
ŵʱСѾСŮСڡꡢˮȵȣĿСǰ˵ֻӺÿɰ
СҲܿСڵţС˵СڣĽ㡭ֱӰѴСһ㣬СǳԻ죬ôҵĽأ
Ժ֪ˡ
߳˵ţǱСѾСڱ𣬸һС;ȵӰҲµˣҵ
οһЦЦҲϽٺһЦ˵㻽һ㣬Ͳˡ
㡣
Сԥʱ䣬ں˳˵Ҳ֣պСھûСµ󷨺ˣСϲ˵šġ֮ĻʱСҲЩʶˣѲ̫Զˡ
󣬳϶ǸСŮ֪ʲôʱϣڿռܹȻѣΣҴӦǰģض
СʵôףΪʲôСأһڣһְɣ
Ǿ͵ССԼ
϶Լֵ治ҹάСȥæ˵С㿴һЩ棬ûһ˼ˣòġ
켴Ͻ֣˵˼òһ飬СüʮϢ˵ôһˣڵһأЩǱܵ˲ᡣ
һѣöˣо䡢սһˡϽЩ˶˵ССӦҰȫȫĵطȥ󷨱
ȱ𡭡
æֹ˵ȲùǣֻҪ֤ǲУԸǼһЩǶĥѣ
ˡ
СڿռͶʱǵѹ֣˵Ǹ˼ģţʱƽվǰ
֮Ҿлˡ
֣޹˹֣Сֵˣ˼ߣһŮӡ
Ŷ
ϲ⣬ɵСǸ˵ȴһ𣬡СģСݼҲ½żУ˭ģ岻ǱΧɱ𣿡
һһʣӿڳʱодŹ֣ϽС˵һңûЩˣɽˡա
ų˵òС㶼һһͷУЩ˵Ĵã̫Σա
Ǿһ𣬲˺ǡ
䱸оһʱúú֮飬ͼ峤عҲ̫Ρ
ľǺƽ͵ģСݼҲ֮ﷺ˼ȫʶأϵĿɨ֮󣬻Щʱ佫˼ƽС˵ǬľСŲƸתõ档
ҳôණ϶ѲסңϾͰЩݳ
ȱæڻмҪ£Ϊؽ󡣡
˵СظоϵҲׯصص˵ͷƹУҲУͬʱˮ˵֮ԾѪô
ӻųϣ뿴ֻڳʲô⣬ϸղǵĿ⺬ʲô⣬Ҳڲϵľ籾
ǻڰ̤֮棬һһŮ½ϣţǧ££ҾǻħҲҪ֮նɱ
Ůŭȣȥĺ𣿡
ʲôù˴ΰңұضмԺ󣬶㣡



1821 ؽ
֮أߣŻͼڳϵǸӰ۾˸ŵľܻ棬Ϊ峤Ȼǳͼϳϵ״̬ųںõòˣȥĻԴ٣ȫûá
ĶȹԴ٣
Ľۣûŭͬʱ𾪣˵ĻŵڶߣԴٶܽɱҪôնɱ
ҪҪȥȻܵ𷣣ɿ˵̬ȣº֣ڳϻûȫɳʱͰһҲ㱨ɥ֮
Ҫ¶ʱ崫ѶϢ˵ŽԴ٣ͬʱҲ֣ԴٵλĿ꣬ѭɱȥɱȥ϶ȹԴ٣ҲӲնɱˣΪ׼ÿһ壬һ֮ǿߣ
Ȼ峤Ҳ뵽˻Щ
飬ҲǴΪĶϾܹ𷣻ȥΪָ侲֮״Ļ㣬ûӦԥԥġ
ֱ峤ǰĴۣȫһЩ󣬻³һá֣Ȼ˫֮ǰ͵Ǹ󣬿ֱӵóڴǣǸȴõģѵĴ൱ÿֻܴһˣɳôˣǸһһꡣ
ңǻ֪ϵʲôĴУ˫ȥնɱˣȥҲΣգǺɱ֣Դٴȥ
֮⣬λ峤һ󣬻ϵ壬һжõѶϢ׉ֹһ£ȡ˲ٺôӦɳɱ֡
һǾ͸ӷˣֻǸ֪һ˳۵Ŀʲô
Ҳֶؽ߲ɼʮεĴ֮ɽϷɳһʯͷײС󷨵֮С
ʱС𣬡Ĺʯͷô̲أ
֪ʯͷǴģȴǲ֪ʯͷʲôɵģоǳʯϢʯͷϢĿǰϲϢ
ʯͷûϵ仯Ĺȥο˵ֻһСʯͷʯͷȡȭҡ
ȡʯͷһ˲䣬ӵ۾ﶼžâ֣ϵָһ£ϽЩ֮۵ףһƬ֪ҪԼǿϿ϶ǿ
ȷʵ뵽ЩӲסģһλָƽǻЦ⣬ҪŪʲôӿ϶֮ǰĲ²⣻Ҳܣֱӽȭңǽ򷨱һţʱҡ
˰ʱʯͷȻû飬Щϸҽ˹ʯͷ֮УʱЩȫҽʯͷС
ʱ̶ｦһˮзɳһľڿռ仹۳һŻ˲ٶĴָСϳ˼ˮľȫȡ˳һ
ʱҽ˹ʯͷ֮У
һ̣ϲµ˳вʯͷһͲƽٴҲô׸ġ
⣬ͻ˸ܹϴشڵĺð취æϣа취ܹʯͷֻҪһشڣ
ϿŴϣᶨƵһȭ¡
ʯͷû飬ǹʯͷ״ȴǷ˱仯
ΪϣĴϣһͣ˻һòУǹʯͷʵ̫ˣϣȫգϸˣһȭһȭ£ٶԽԽ졣
Ϊˮ˵ϱڶʱڣô£ܴﵽѣһֱؽһԴٺԴٴţһ߿ţʮ֮ҳǧŰپʮȭ󣬹ʯͷϡؽģ
ؽͿҪǰǿѹ¼飬أϽͽڿռСһΣСܹɵؿ󷨡
С֮ʱΣϻؽһ£ƽԼһ;о˽ȥȻҪģҪеģǳϵ棡
̾һ꣬Ͻؽȡ˵һˣϣңС÷Էɱ


϶ÿһ£·Ա˵ĶǱڰˣҲ˳ϣҲۣţﾡ˼֮⡣
ʧˣϽؽԴ֮Уĵؽѳɣؽ֮ܲڴһˣ
һξѪֱؽУ


1822 ؽˣ̵
ǵξѪؽ֮УȷʵһҪ裬ȡ侫Ѫؽĳ嶯ΪԤǽΣգɳ嶯ǿѹȥˡ
Ϸʱ֣Ȼɽ
ǣԺأ
ӵͼıɲֻһѽҪǽǱԳϲ˾⣬ԲҪȥǽͼı󣬾ΪһѽԼ֡塱İʾ˴¡
ŬǿɣԽǿҾԽã
ţûг֣ϻٶҳ֣ˣȻٳ֣ˣǵξѪԴٺԴٵĴ֮£ǳ˳ڽؽ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ӿ֮ͨУԾգؽԶУֵһ˲䣬оֳĸ֡
ؽˣ
ֲõ΢оһΣͶظоؽϲϲطϲؽԭǰؽ
ȻؽСǰ㣬ֱӶԻšֶεĳϣʮֵţҪ˶ãؽޱȵؽԡ
ؽԴٵĴؽԴ֮£̥֮䣬øǿͬʱ½ϣȴһĻĻ
еķǵǹָķǷڴУɽܿƵط˳泯Ĺԭڿգһһ£ߵݣ
ӭǵ
ڵĽɽЩԭҵĽҲڳżߵݣҾߵУ˹ѹɲǣ뼫ȿϲ֮УţҳɹˣˡҲ֪ȹ٣ųϴԭ򣬲Ȼ͵˽֮С
УȻַҲУǷȻȣʲôķȻеķ㡣
γ˼κ˵Ӧйϵ
йأ
ûо̸ȥת˵֮Ȼͬһ㣬ҵ֮⣬ڲһ澳澳澳Ҳ赲ס㣬ΨһǸ֮ϵǵ֮ţİΪʦұ㽫֮ţΣ
Ϊʦ
ȻûӦȴǻŽ˵ǰǾ仰
żĵһ㣬սеսҲֱգȴûʱߵݶǻвʣҪ֮һս
ʱеýһ
ˡ
粨ɢȥս趯սⳡĿɿڴȻбҵսģʲôö
ķѾɪɪˣƳܲסѹһ㣡

ʱ֮ԴԴٶؽȻãϱ㽫ؽڿռսȥǳ˯ŵĵ̻ȴ͵ŶԺ˵иղɽξѵϢʲô
ͻأ̻һ飬ð⣬СЦСðɣ
˭
Сֻ߳æ˵СãҾٷ磬ĳϡСܣȻԽ̡
û˵꣬С˵㣬СռǱˣСС̣һ֮䣬̲󷨡
ոѵ̣ȫ󷨹ˣֽҲޱȿɰӽסȻ̾͸оԼڼٱ١
٣̱ԽܸоؽǹѹС˵ռռǵıˣҪǻռĻǾͼ
ҷˣϴ󡣡
˵ţȴšΨŮСҲĻСǲûзŹ͸ϽתŻ⣬ϴǣǻȿսһʲôɡ
ߣҵܵܣҪǸ۸Ǿһ۸㣬ﶼʶ㣡
СؽԱߣŵ̻˵ޱȱ˵ϴǣ۸۸Ұ㿴ڣĽһꡭ
ҵܵ۸Ӧõġ
С󱧹Сڣؽߣϵ𣬡ؽ
ؽҵܵܣ԰ɡ
ǡ
СϿ϶Ļش𣬸˵еܵܣͲСˣٺٺ١
ҪǵСѣڿռɾˡ
ЦݣĿⶢԴ٣ЩѶؽȻûãȻЩãô̫ʼԴٸĻҲһ鷳
뵽۾֮ɫȻˣǾͽԴ١ȥÿɣмѪһ˵ؽҾԴ
ؽ


1823 նԴԼ
ؽ
ųһȳؽֱӴڿռɳڳ࣬һץؽǹѪĸоĵÿһ
ٴβս
ˡ
ӦųϣϳָֽգնԴ٣ԴĽ٣
ˡ
һʽ
ûмУնһץסؽʩչ似似ƷȻ̫߽ףĳϣҲٵǸ߻ħʩչСӡ
ֻ꣬նһĹ֡
ڣؽն಻ϵԴҲնһͣ·ֹһ˲䣬ּ£
ľٶ˴ϡһ˵ɻ켴µʲôֳ֮︡ɫȻضȹԴ٣Ѿǳ˲ˣȴ㣬ȻնԴ١
ڳ˶֪Դٲնһ˵ԴٲͨĻľôնôնҪԴնȥǾͿ϶Ϊˡ
֪ģӣϣǾ֪ΪУҪǽվŵһҲˡ
նõ𣿡
˶ʣ󲿷ȴųܹնʣµ֮ٲˣȴǷǳ϶ȻҪնԴ٣Ǿһ㣬壬ģһ췭ظ
ͬʱ֮أһʱͲԴٵ֪ǳնԴ٣ʱȻŭæӦԡ
ĽȴǣǶΪϵĶϺԲųϻƵȴһ䣬һأǶȹԴٵġ
һֵǾĳԤϣǸۣԴмӵ㶫֮һ仰ΣҪֹסϵΪ
ǾҲãǱӡŭҲգ޹أֻ˫ֽץסؽն˵ڶѤҫۣȳ
ҷնһʽ
һԴ٣Դ٣ȫ⣬˿Ҳ벻á
ҷնڶʽ
£Դٱһߡ
նԪ
նԪɱ
룡
ѵصһʽ

似һнһеڳؽʩչȫͬնһһͣԴٱն䡣
ǬԪն
򽣹һ
ӥ죡

ЩǬڵ似ȻûпٳǬľܺ͡ǬתʹʩչǬ似Ҳͬ죬ֱնøоԴ֮ƵĻ峤ҡ
벻С֮ǿ
ǲòһˣ벻ΪôˣǾȻҪôĴۡ
ܽնɱЩۣҲֵˡ
ˣ

λ峤ѶϢ֮УǼ˸Ե꣬˾ȵǣǵ궼һѪ켴֮ѪԴ֮УϽٶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ԴٱѪ֮ɫϸоĪѹǵضһֱҪϺɱɳļʽһҲɫ΢䣬лԴ٣
Ⱥ֮еķųնǬ似оǾ֮ɫʧȥ˲ּ벻ôǬ似в²ţĪǴҲǬڵӣǣӦòܲŶ԰˴Ǭڵӣֻһˡ
ҲڻųնǬ似üЩɻ֮ɫȴĿһӱþ뵽ʲôؼ⡣
ߣϵɫҲˣϧòǾžңϲɫ϶ؽ˵ԭΪնԴٲѪ벻ԴҲѪȻˣؽǾһԴѪɣ
ڽն
ղնȥʽΪһ壬Ȼһڿռγ֮ǰܻųͻںϵòôеһЩʽû˿
ؽſգǿлԴ٣ֱն룬£ȴǷڿգͬһ˲䣬ǻһǾȻû뵽ΪǱɱһ٣Ȼ˼һնƣӰ졣
ô죿
ܾʹ䣡
Ѿһ֮ѪǾΣ
ԣϷͲţһնβΣȥˣ
һ֮˴ﵽһټ֮ѪǱҲûȷʾֻܾ˵ٿǿǡ
նлԴ٣Ͽû˷ѵԴٶô̫󣬿Ѫɫ֮ѪԴ٣ǾͲһˡ
ϽһԶڿռǸصأǳزĿǰʱлԴͶƸʢٱ
״Ͻؽһף˵ؽһԡѪܡս


1824 ŵ
ؽֱ죬ֱóϿƣֱն˸似ؽС֮ϵ󷨡
ǡȭʵڶӶʩչͬʱϵĥšһһ̫⼸ֵĺ塣
֮ѪԴ٣ȷʵǳǿ󣬾֣޶ֱУֻϧڳؽնɱ֮£лԴٱն÷顣
˵ĸолԴһߣһһǿߣŽѵҲһһлԴһ
Զ˵ԭԴҲûʲô˲ֻҪŴˣˣһ죬Ҳ׾ٵԴ٣
һ̣Եеţ͵㣬˵ʧõȻ޴棬ȻеĵλθߵԸ֮زʱԲηηΨΨŵŵ
Ȼ˿üͷӿžӣ֪Ե仯˰üͷ֮ȵƴˣΣ
飬ʵܲӦģﻢ£ӦҲòӦ֮Ѫٴ뵽ҪĻԴ֮С
˴Ҳ£ǹǵĺ⣿
ϵ˵ͣؽնʱҲлԴٴȻЩն˵ģ˳ϵڿռ䣬켴ɢ棬رǽлԴ֮е֮ѪԺ󣬳ϸоڿռ֮ǰ˿˿
һĻ۾гһߣؽȻͬСɣһҲǰûгҴ˿̶ӶԣҪҲǰؽǳϢı仯
ʩչϢ֮ǰͬȻϢ󲿷ֱоҴδģҲȫµܽڴ춴мˮ㣬նɱˮˡ
ٴμϺһȭ۾һݣԱ̺зǿпܡô
뵽ЩӶ˼أǡ
ʸҵĶ֣ⳡϷӵ˼ܹ֪ӵļ˵ϵɫЩˡ
ΪԽǿ뽫ϸشڣ͸ѣѵϼѵĵزϿģѾ׺ҪлԴ٣ڳϻȭؽն֮䣬ҷ𣬡ֻգ֮䣬һ֮ôǿˣ
ЩѪȻǺöøһ𣿡
ϵĴûǽٵлԴڵָ䱻ƵǸо˳裬ĳ裬Ѿ֮Ѫ˰֮ѪѪѪ
ߵΣ
ˮ峤˵˵ģǻ㣬ˮ峤Ϊˮ峤֪ǳϻˮ꣬ɵǸˣԣܹлĻˮ峤
ҲŴˣڻʱˮ峤ͻߵ֮Ѫˮ峤ĹϵǺܺãνġˮݡԵ޹ʾͳģһ̣ͬһϵƣòͬͬˣ峤Ҳͬľ
²ѹסԺ˭֪ǣԺߣƬߣԻԽԽ࣬
⣬Ըġ
Ȼ򣬳ؽ·һ޵׶ߵ֮Ѫûаһƣһ󺣵Сʯͷһ˻𣬾ͳȥս͵ĳɽڿռ
ô죿
˵УٴʣȥǾŵ֮ѪҲܽϺɱˮ峤˵ϵһɣŵ֮ѪתǬЧ
˽Եͷϵʱȴϵˣֻϵ׉һ̵׉Ҳǳìܣ֮ǰԽϺɱóϳΪӸһ¥ĵʯڣ彵¼֮ѪԴٶܽɱһӵĵʯ
һŪãԼĶӳĵʯô죿
ǣ¾ɱҲǺ׵£µ׽٣ȲɫΣҪŵ֮Ѫŵ֮ѪѾʵʧһ룬һ㣬ںУڷǳľ档
رǣ׉еģǾǼŵ֮ѪĴۣȴȻûнǸСɱǶšơߵȵȣǰһ
ôأ
׉ҲüͷһߣЦ˵ţСӲϲ


1825 Ĩɱ
׉˰죬һȫ⣬Ǿϣ˴жڰУȴҪɳɱ֡
һ׉֮ǰĵģͲУϵɳɱóһֱ֮״ֱ׳߳ʱϾԲǶӵĶ֣˵ʯͷ֮⣬·
׉ľ뵽峤ƽȶԣЩ׉ٴνĴͷβһ飬ԽԽ⣬׉гһߵ۾ĺ⣬ҵ峤ͷԣ֪ˣôαװҲûá
ţ׉ֱӸ˸ѶϢ˵峤׼˵ƾı¾ԲܰСôȵһĻ
Ȼ֪׉海˹ʮֵߣ޵ͬʱҲ˽Ϊѵľء
ˣ澡ʧ
Ǿ͵ٸŵ֮Ѫ꣬ҪܹնɱĻֵãҲȷġ
ԥ֮ʱϽлԴ̵òˣԴ٣һԽԽϼ״ֵһʱ䣬ԴٻûзӦ
ȻǿǱʹ˻ɣ
ؽ
ˡ
ؽһαУؽһȫת似ؽ֮Уڿռۣһն£һƬžһ
Ƕ˵ԿǧεԴ٣һննøɸɾ˿棬Ҳٲ
С
𣬴۾͵طֱֱųϣ뿴նһĴۣȴǰȻĳϣؽûпΪؽѾڿռ
ѵ˵ƴɱɱӮ𣿡
иֳʣĴܸУԵһ˵һһֻڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣͱɺƴǰȻ
Ȼһ̣ۼʶˣǸ֮ǰ˿Сһתʵ˻תɳòʮ־ӦĶ֡
ģҵĶ֣϶⣬йŹ֣
𾪵ͬʱܷǽѪصǣЩϻѺۣûǱͻҵģֶ˿˿ζ
˵Ϊ֮Ѫʵ½ŵصˣǣնıϾֻԴ٣ܹȻͨԴٴݵǵϣݵʩչԴٵķ֮ϣǷЩˣ龳ܲ
رˣǵĵˣ
֮󣬻Ȼʶĵ˱Ҫδᣬûȫɳ֮ʱɱ򣬺ϡ
ˣʩչԴٵķԴٲܽ£ҲΪŵ֮Ѫԥ֣Ҫҵϣܻ׽ͽ׽ܣֽ
ûԴˮ峤óǸҵˮ̣ƾѰϵټץʱָʵô˵ûʵͲ㣬ҲӲ
ǵ˵ڿһնʱ۾һ˿󣬳Ŀ˼˽ȥ
Ϊ˵ĳϣûΪնԴٶ˷ܣԼ·ǳسȥѣԴٸ͵ģкܶࡣ
ԶĲ˵˵ǰģǾգ
˵Եͼڴ½ڵƬգôԼ׾ٱ飻Ҫյģͼڴ½½
ô£Ȼ½Ĺ죬Ǵǵ½ʱҲն΢һ֪½죬һ¶
֮һǾȽм仹ȥһˣڼеʱ䣬ô춴£϶Ƕ㲻ġ
ֱֻԡ
ĥţû뿪գΪ龰оһγ˵ܿǹؼһǶΪϲɵòҵΪӴٲ˰ɣ
ʱСͻشѶϢǬľݳˣңСŲƵת֮Ҳͷ

Ե̾ţҪǻһøдҲô̵ʱݳϱ߲쿴Ǭľ鲻ԽҪŪʲô֣÷лĻġȵȣҲóˡ


1826 СŲƣû
ҪǽǬľٳڿռܸӳֵطǬ似ʹܸһ¥
һ߲鿴Ǭľһ߶ţݳˣʲôأ֮ǰܹٺüȴһöûУáٵĻʵЩѰԼơ
ϸϸѰ˼˰죬뵽ģֻǸڴġ֮١ˣԺˮ˵֮˵Ҫ֪ڿռʲôֻҪһδ֮٣һ죬һ֪ġһε֮٣ʲôʱ٣
Ǭһ¸Ա֮󣬳ϳų軹ڸ֮ʣСһĥ𡰰СŲơתؽڿռͬʱؽƺʲôڿռڵ̻꣬һֱ֮УΪСôһǽ߳ŭȡ
СŮˮȵȣҲŲСı仯Ƚȥǻ꣬Ѿټǿ׳ȥһԭһڿռԭ
δҲûжһڸղųĨɱлԴٵľ֮Уеľ籾ĶѾԽԽ
ܿ죬ʱȥڡСŲơСѾཫƣϾҲһ֣ЩҲ֮࣬ͬҪģʵս֤
СŲơֱ֣ӸĳˡСŲơ֣Ͽһ۳裬Ǹ״̬ûаֲͷ֮ɫΪղŵİʱԳ˵пֻܾһ˲ѣ˵ʱԽԽлͻˡ
ֽȫԼϣСѾڼڵĴУЩĹͷЩͷڴ˴֮в඼ʧˣǣСָЩ÷ǳǿظ֮ˣֻüм䴦ĵֻۣȻڣֻȥ
Щͷô¶ѲɾͺһͷؽѸҵĹͷϸоԼĲ²⻹㿿ףûгڣ˵ױԼģϾòˡ
뵽Ĺ˵Ļ˵ڵ޵һŵŵڹͷϢŵֻʲô
΢һ˼ϱ⣬Ҹʱȥ쿴һһЩ飬ʱģ˳һ֮˼
һУζܿǵӰԾȻԺζܿǻ𣿡
˿̵ζ̤޲ãڵζҲͳһһΪҲޣΪ޵˲䣬ζоԼṆ̀ǳںһ
ζǰ㰮򱧲ƽƽ¶̽Щ߼ζûаΪΪ۸ǣ۸ȥŷζǵجΡ
ңζˡڰ˫ɷš
һ·ζߣҲвģÿζоգζһƴɱ֮Уһľ֮У𽥱ǿ
ܿȴǸţҲʦһ֮У粻ڵϣȴڵ£ܿʦϤ֮£ڵΪǲѴ񾳽硣
Խãܿ˼ϣŨŨ˼תĶԱһȥѰϣڳϵߣϳһЩæ
˾ͽڳ˯֮У˯ȴǱ˭˯࣬ΪһһΣ棬ڸһƬ̲Ϣ
¡صҲѰŸԵĵ
ζǵϲѴ⣬Ҫܹڴڵ춴İһͽǶʱ֮
Ļ֮㵽΢ԤһΣգʲôطǻûʲô⣬ܹġ
Ҫģǻۣϵػۣ
ţʱ۾۾һĨ֣ϵһʱоֱų裬˳ųϵĿ⿴ȥһɫ䡣
ﻹţռʶһһСô̵ʱȻ̤ǵֹߵĴš
ǰʵ˭̤˽ȥ˵˭󣿡׼гŵȴҡҡͷЦ˵磬㡣
磬÷ǳֿһףֵ׼ȷ˵ǴһҸն˹֮Ĵţ
һ
ţ򣬶賤ϡ¶ȴǾɥ֣Ϊһָĺûᣬȴûǵķݡ


1827 浽ף
̤֮ܽźܶء
ڡУΪɣĽ⿪һ֣ڵһУ飬ʵԴ󾳣ǿ鶫õһ鶫飻ǳһ
ȻҪģǻԵˡ
Եһʣǲ˵
óһ֮󣬳ЦŶһ˵˼ǶûзݡʱֵûйϵԺлᡣ
仰ָϣĿⲻɨɨȥΪָһǣȴûᣬֻС׼ã׼ȷˡ
ҲʱͻضԳ˵ϣһҸ棬ʱڱøǿҪȻҷûʵҽǳϷ浽ףҾͻĨɱ㣬ĨɱԴһ
Ͻüһʾػصһ浽׵ģϾȹҵһЦԴ˵ⳡϷλ޹أλѾʷᣬǾͼзݣⳡϷɣǾ仰浽׵ģͻɡ
۾ʱһ䡰λڡĻһʧҰ֮УϸϽСС󣬻صѾ뿪ˣ뿪żˡ
Ҫס𣿡
һ£С˵ڵһסҳˣ϶ס
˾Ǻ֣źεʵҪʲôϷϷĿģʲôϾΪϷϷЩ϶ûд𰸣ֻǸоӵΪӦǸ֮ϣ˵ˣʹǰӶԴ˵ĻУ֪һ
ȥһЩŴϣôȥ
һȥˡ
ֽ̬ŵһЩûܾ˵Ժ˵ɡѾ˽ϵѴֵ⣬һȥô̫ƽ
С߰ɡ
ˡ
Сϲ˵ţֳĹâʧŵ¿ռʧһʧڼϢ֮䣬ϱصżƽԭĵ֮ϡ
ϵߣ˴ϡӵһ⣬䡢ս˼ˣһЩȫʶˣҲżƽԭ֮ϡ
Щд󲿷ֶжóˣͻȻһ³ǻ׷ʲô£ȷѾصʱ˻ϲ˴ͻȻ֣ɱԽȥ˲ͻ
ȴСԻڵ㻹ʩչ𣿡
Щ󷨣ʱضʩչ
С˵ű˳ʱЩֱ֮Уɱȥģ͵ײڴɽ֮ϣɽû٣ԼȴײͷѪ
֮ǰǰΪ뵽ԽԵУСıݣѰ˼ţƶ󷨣뻭ڷֽϵķһӳˡ
ͷ֮ȴǳǰԡ󷨡롰Ĳ룬һ󣬳ܹܲ϶Ϊһҽ󷨵ʲô
ʳ֣ڳϵԺоҲ֮ȥûʵʩСջСӦЩͼıˣҲرǿһˣͫ͵ΪߵıܸǣЩ˺Σա
󷨵С󣬻ڻϲ˵Ҳʩչһܽչø󣬲ϸ󡭡˵СȻһ£ǣһûȫ󣬲ܲ󷨡
ûϵ㾡ɳġ

ϽСĽ̸оżƽԭǰЩһҪĿ⿴ʱ¶ȴ˵ӣżƽԭ˲ٷɱ
ֲá
һ¶ЩɱȥɨһȦĿ죬ǹϢŨľ䣬дʵ廯âսԼǣĿʾ֮˵ϣ˵ҴӦǵģˣǿʱȥ
ллӵչˡ
˵пû˵ôɴ࣬ҲԥҪҪųϻһʱ䣬һ֮ǿ֮󣬱Ϊʸ񻹲
Ҫȥ֮ʱͻȻ뵽Ҫ£Ͻ˵ȵһ¡
仰ӽһ飬㶼תغʵ˵㻰㡭ӽֹȭ˵֪ʲôԸ


1828 һҪ͹
˵ĻȻ
ЦŻӣŶԵ˵Ը̸ϣֻһ似ܲܽһۣȻҲԴӦһҪ󡣡
ʲôΡ
Ҫɫ֮ǰ֮£ȫԺȴһαֹӼ磬˵ʲô𣿡
ˡ
ӷǳ򶨵ػشϸĻõӵ֮УЦ⣬üѣô벻״̬ȡ
Ӹ벻׵ǣ˵似ѣ벻óӵķۣܿϣǵĸ˵裬Ӷʲô⡣
˵֮ǰǻڣ仰ǿɾȫȫڷˣҪȳȴ˾סֱӽ似˳ȥӵ۾Ѫˣֵܾôܹ꣬һ·˵ȫһĹҪ鹦似
ң˵Լ似ǿǷǳҪģײʾ֮ˣȻĻͻܶ鷳˼רһר˵ģ˼ҽ似Ū˽֪
Щ鷳һĴ˵ģɵӾͺϧؽУϽ˹Ե˵ʲôҪ󣬿ֻҪҵĵߣҶΪ
˻Щܣǣӵһ仰ˣΪܿ϶˵ӣһҪ͹ˡ
磬ﲻǿǵ似ġ
ӵĻû˵ͱӴˣֻӷǳ˵ӣЧȮ֪֮ͣΣ
һ£ȫס˵仰ˣҹȴЩعζˣţԳʵȫöôǳɳһ˾͹ˣûô˵ЩΨͼ˲һǱȽسŵҪȴ뿿һô£ӣȻķΣղ٣ӦģõģҲԲ٣ԶĲ˵˵Ѿ̤֮ǸˣͿ˵ܶˡ
ȷʵôģϾºóųӺпܻù֮İأЩǺʵڵ棬ǵ似Щ㲻ʲô
˵һۣ˵ǵĿģ˼һ˶ƣǶ֮İؿסҲƣֻ
ţϱ˵ãҪҴӦˡ
ллˡ
ı˳ƺ򵽵˼ҹӣҲǰһ˵ˡȻԸ⣬ǵĸֵ֮ܶҲڵӵĿע£˵ĸ֡
վȥ߹սʱս˵վɡӲ⣬ȴ뵽֮ǰϵı飬ͣ
ЩûаԪʯĹϵ˵ҽǴо˳Ϊرͽǵ似ɣˣȥ
ҪҲأ
һ߷ǳǿӲ˵ϵ˵ٻС£˾ʧǰһеĹԹԽ˳еԥеĻ˵һľȴϾܾˡ
ϲʲô˶Ҫģֵ֮䲻벻ͬԡѪܷϳϵθڣûöĹЩ˱㽫似ͳͳ˳ȥ
֮Ϊ뵽ˡһһ̫仰δ̫֮⣬벩Ⱥ֮󣬿ܲҵһЩϵ˳ϵȥ
⣬ϻ뵽˻ۣòҪ۸Ҫ۸似һǿڼ֮׷Դһ
Щ飬Ⱥ֮УСݼ綼ˡ
硣
ˡ
СݼųϱЩ˽ںУϾǾ֮棬ӵ£ǲûȥ
ǿСݼǰϥ£˵ˣûˡ
֪
ϽǷ𣬰ο˵һٴǻȥģû˸۸ǣҪ۸ǣȵͬⲻͬ⣬۶Է˭
䡢ӵ˾һ
Ͻս似һۣ֮󣬱˵ӣӼ״ڵȴǲս˵һ֮󣬴·ˣֱȥ
·ϣΪ滮ţǵâϢھ䣡


1829 һǧ
оǵâϢʱʹ˼֮ɫϣֱųϣȻŵû³һְţⲻҽĲ𣿡
϶񣬵˵ͷżõġ
˵ʲô
п˵ɢϢĶǱȷߵĴڡ
򣿡
ʣϲ͵仹֪̤֮Ĺؼûκεؽ˵Ŷ򵽷򣬾̤֮ͬܽΪʥһ˷أط죬취Ȼ
ϽԼ֪ķϢһԶ˵˳ֱ˵þһһ㶵ģȳ˵֮󣬾˵˵˳
ʲô𣿡
û⣬ҵú
佫Լʵ˵˳Щ߽֮İؿƵжôϣȴϣȴԥ˵˳û˵Щȥĺ䶯
û¶һЦЦ˵䣬ҾãûбҪȥӵеģȥ򡣡

ףã˵㽣ǸԱȷƷҪߣԣֻҪѭı⣬ѰԼ·ֲиȥп벻˹֮пܲܣǣܹõģԱȹ֮ȷҪöࡣ
鲻ԽؼһéٿĸоȷʵǰԴӾ֪֮һģҪŬ֮ҲоĶǳֿܶⶫǽ֮йؼ
ľ֮£Щûʧ֮ԼĽǶҲͬƲɼãҪѡһ
˿̣ǷѾȥѡ⣬Լģڹ֮һߣոᶨУҵĽ˸Ҫƿն
⣬Ҳᶨ䷢Լܹظо֮ְǶһɴһ
ʱ򣬳ϻûջǵâϢھо֮ʱҲоǵâ˱仯ͬʱؿһۣϵ˵ͷ
£ϴ߶ڿռ߶ǵââӴˣնһȵһǧ
һնǰһƬ͵ģƼΪ˵ĵӣֱõһ˴һ֣أڱȽţҵıɱһôĽ
Ƚһ֣޵õĽǣڲͬҲпܵĽ֣ǸľУҲܾˣռʲôˡ
Ǵϵһ֮ǿߣҲ¶֮ɫǿúƾǧ굾ӣ̺Īܣܻһֲ֮С
һССĹ֮ǿŲУ˵ܶ飬ŷ֣߾ۼģͨˣǸŸӣΪεħޣŪǧ굾ӵˣ֮ǰѡĵˣҲһս
ЩôϸӷˣΪҪϻشڵѶȣ͸ˡ
ô룬ûȥᣬǷ֣Ǵ߶âնǧǵâ뽣֮໥ӦϢҲ
ũеʱҪնǧ굾ӣޱȣǷѾһնóնǧ굾ӺӿһɸУкܶ
ԣһһͣնĵӣҲԽԽ࣡
ֱնǧ굾Ӻ󣬲Ÿоһɲٶնȥѹʱϵǵâ佣֮Ҳ໥Ӧͣھֹ
ʣϢ࣬Ͼв𣬾䲻֪ζζֹȴһݣһݣĳ˼
˼ûжãӶѣۣСнŽһһԣһ졪ǧȣ
䣬
һ˲䣬ϵ˾ؿǧ굾ӣѸٿȣǽӲӡĵȹ֦ͷϣɷϲ
նһľ䣬һƬ԰ף԰֮УЦݣЦݾͺũ򿴵˷յϲһ֣޿⣬ˣʹУҲ֮á
֣޵ģʧ䣬ǿҵս⣬뵽˳˵Ļտʼûзֻǵ˼һ룬ȷʵֵֱ֣ǿͻƵ㡣
ǣǵȣŮ
֣иЩȾ۾ҡ仯һα仯ȥ
ȻǾϢĸ֮£˲ٺô˽ϴͻƣϣõĺôҲ٣


1830 ⣬һö
ظ򵽽֮һնǧǧȣͻƲν󣻳ϵõĺôȴûֱӱڹ棬⵽ģ򵽵ģȫڿռ֮С
ڿռֶ˿˿仯ֻŷԲ׿ĵ˽ף֮߶ȣҲʮס
ֱۣҲȽ׿ı仯һЩ仯͵óȥ᣻ڴˣһЩҲвǳ᲻û˿ģֻҪػȥȵʱ֮ʱȻᣬֳܷ
ǶһЩڿռ䷢˱仯
ţ֪㣬ȷǵâǱȷߵĴڣȫŪâټʱĻۣܹڿռһʵķԾ
ʱ˵ҸоԼҪͻ澳澳ˡ
ã
ЦŴ˵һЦСһרΪСݼյоݳʺǵĹиǵ֮ࡣ
һ˼·˻ϸǵ似ӻûдһϲлعʱŷִľǶôӢŸոո棬͵ôĺôһֱȥĻֱǲ󣻽似֣⣬һҪúøˣϹᡣ
Щ似ϼ֮ôͲ̫ˣӵˣҪǵ֮⣬ҲĿǣȻһôϵؽ֮ؿסҲҪ֮Ū½֪Ҳþ忴ʲô˲С
ֵܱ˳۵ˣҲǳ׼֮ܵˣ
ǵĥųˣ賤ϰ֮ģųϣȻ˼룬ȫȻͬǸԹޣη塣
ڴϣĿʼգû뿪ϣųϣԽɫԽأĿԽӣô֮󣬴ϵ֮ɫͻȫʧˣӰҲ١
ȡ֮ЦݣǿЦЦǽĿЦݣ
Ϊ뵽һ֮ƣ
Ǻж˼ϡǺصĴϣһɵȥ䡢սǱҪסϼ״û֣ɵӣȻóǵĹϵһ㣬Ҫǳǣݳ֮ǰֳĿƶ벻ãϵ˵ûж⣬̡
ȴһ˵
ս˵žҪȥϽ£˵¶սһȻ¶齵ڳ£Ϊ֮ǿߣΪ춴һֶԳϵǺܲðüͷ֮ʱ˵⣬ָܻ֮
лЩˬ¶⻰ڳ˵ڶҲô֣ǿ¶Ŀǳʼ
¶սǰսң¶ɽ£Ͼʵһţ¶ţе⣬ʲô˼Ҫʵһʲôĳ̶ȣ̤֮
׵أ¶赱ӣ¶ģҪս񾡿̤ܿȥԱ֮ʱóһ似ӡƬԳ˵似ռұˡ

ɻڣĿģûн似˵лֱ˵
ӣһ¡
ȥһ£ͲĶˡ
ôһ£ֲôһ¶
üͷһ壬ϼ״ûٴ棬ֱ˵Ӿô

˵ЩŪ״ϵͼˣԺҡ۶صȻӾòڴڣӼڣ֪Σ
һʱ˴ϴʲô⣬ǼڣԴϻ߶Դ˵ǺôࣻһϵˣҲܵõҪĶڶ賤ϺϵĿƣƱػܹƵˣ˵תΪڵʵģΪһӢĴ֣֮ҲΪã塭
һöƣ
ʱ˵ӼڣԴڵӵִڣڽԳ֮λϯԴ⣬ҲóӴ꣬쵤ҩ취й֮һĹ֮࣬Թӡ
ò˵ϵǳˣһǳϣֻδţǳõ֮ҪСô󣬻֪β֮ʱضܲ󣬶Գ϶ԣĪô
ǣȴֻ˵


1831 ЩϵǱ
ֻ˵Ϊϲ뱻˵ʵĲϣ
ȻȥڿռϢѾܱһ˸оǣⲢû˿ֱǸҪϷˣЩʲôпܴڵϹҲܿó
ļ˴ڣ˴ڵĵϣⲻᱻ˷֣ǿʳЩ˵Ҫǲģ뷨϶ܲʵһģϾΣˡ
˵һ·ɱСӣڻĽǴڵϥһˣϸôĴۣϵõѡ
ԣҡҡͷ˵Ҳڣ
ӣĪЩĻǿֻҪܼڣһж˵˵úܼû뵽ϻܾţǶЩںѲǳ֮ˣȻĻ
ʱ˵㿪Ѿܸˣֻǲڶѡ
ӻ֮ǰΪǵĻҿӵǸ
ϴ˿ֳ̱ĳ⣬㣬Ϊ˽ڣϿνǽǧ۵ĺƢùˣȴǵһЦ˵˵ʵڻҺܸлǰΪΪûôûң

ЩǷˣûз˵ӲڣֻҪȥһˣҲܿ㹻
üЩĶҪΪ󣬴賤ϵһǰȥ򲻹ӣӦûûģȻϻûӦ£ֻƽ˵ɡ
֣۾ȴ͵һϣ׼ȴʱȿʵĦϣ˵Ǭ𣿡
Ǭڣ
Ͼ۾͵״˺һ£ϲƽ飬ʵӣǬʲôϵ
ȷʵЩϵ
ûзϣ˵ʵĿģһΪôмɵϾΪҪȥһˣŻƤ죬Ҳǲġ
ϵȻסʣǻںȴ²Ͽüëһʵ㶼֪ЩǬڵʲô
ǬйϵôҴ顭ʱ뵽йؽڣвһصҲûмǬڵĿǬĸ½ֻ֪֪Ǭںǿƣھôǿȴ֪ˣǬ춴춴϶ʲô˻
춴ȣʵҲ˵˴ǲǬڣЩǲˣ뵽һҪ⣬ȻǬǿƣħʦʼλô䵽½ģǬеˣǳսǷйأ
ϵĿڷɨûȥһֱųϣʧȥ˲λķ˸һǰߵĬǬȥ˺ηоĿɨĿⱾܵرҺе⡣
ӴЩϢ
ţĿϣ˵ͻȥѪħ壬ʵ˵ҵϢ˵һ֡Ͻ̸˵Щȥ֮ʲôùܣҲúϵʲôʲô
һ£Ͻ˶ĿƣΪĴֵĻܲﻹͿսһһĻ뵽һǱĿҲòˡ
ָ䣬һʱЩãȻ뵽˺ܶ࣬米֮࣬ϾʱãʱͻȻ֣ȡһѪװƿӽڿռУض˵һξѪ㣬ʱضܹԣʹѵͷҷ˲ģȴģֻ
ɫȻòҰײҰףΪʹ˻ָɣȴϻһգһǴӵĳϣһܲϽǵâϢϢ
ջعâϢ֮仹ޱȵ֮У˵úãƷ׻ҪߵĶԺҲȫӵУӦ֪˵㻰ҲӦҲİҰµˣ
ĺһӼҰɫó죬û˵ʲôȴǺݺݵص˵ͷϿ֪Чֵ߰ɡ
һӰǰȥ
һССĲ֮󣬳һָֻǰĸ·״̬֮󣬳ΪĹ˳


1832 
СݼգǶһ¡
Ͻ˼һ𣬽СոݳɹĹСݼ˵ڿʼǾЩ似
Сݼ˹似֣ڷжԳϵмжԻЩ˵ŨŨޣСݼݺݵطģҪЩ似£гˣǰ塣
һֱСݼΪͼ֣ˣʵһСݼﻹǸԪˣϾ￴Ԫƴ໤ܱ˿˿Ѫڹ˽Сݼ֮ǣСݼҲһ´˵ģ˼£ȴûʵó
Ѿתͷ˵Щҩһ£Ƴ˷ãܸȫظǵʣǵøǿ
һᾡƳġ
ս˽ȭͷָɽһЩϵĹɽˣָ˾һЩ󣬳ĿһһϣܹسɳعΣƱҪȥһ顣
Ϊƴһ죬һǻȥģǼϵѣصðٱϺ˵СݼǵĹɲպ͵ģԹ򡢷һǵâɢϢ˵ŵͬʱϵĿɨ˸ӵϣüͷֳɻ֮ɫգʲôˣ
ǰ
ձ㽫֪ģһһʮȫ˵˳ĻɣԪСݼ֮ĸ飻ɻɫΪƣط֣һϵб仯ǷǸԪ֮
ɺϣ
ָո֣ϱ㽫ˣϿûôɺϣϵնǸ˵һУץһߣǺǸˡ
ţϱգǸԪģʲôģ
ûͦӢġ
ţһڳǰģһȫİףĸأ׼£ûСݼʲôֻץһʱ
Сݼ˻ȥӵ£ϻűʹ֮ɫǵ棬ŵȫǳϣûǰųϣΪѾյѶϢ˲ȥǣҲóκһӶϵĻɣ籩¶Լʵ֮࡭
Ϸֳһעϣͬʱֿ˷֪֪ɲǣ뵽һ¶С϶һɫâӦöСڵĻָкô
ֻҪСкô϶ŹСںɳҪǺεȺˣȻڳҲСڿٳɳеһ֡
£Ͻй֪ŵҩڷֿ֪ϵĸлУʵʱǷ뿪Ը⣿
֪صϹᣬѣ
ϵͷ⳶һд˼֣֪˵ȥǱˣǱᾡȫ㣬ҪģǰǼ£øã
֪ؽӹƥǳϧؽ۾ȵĿ˵ģ֪һԲ½ˣã֮أҲϧ
úûţĿֻ꣬½ֻлţõˣԽԽ࣬л˲ѹ
ˣ֪סˡ
֪˻ȥͻ룬ڿռǻ˵ıնĻóڱǿеǻ꣬һӷˣǻʣֻǣôܸıأ
ָСڣݾܾ˵ӽԺСھ
ܣ
Ǿ
ûһԥһصڿռǰȥǻ꣬ɳϵûйʱϾȵһĻͷˡ
ǻ귢ޱʹĺУ
ϸ۲죬ǻʹ࣬ǻ걾ȥַ֣ʹĸԴڿռ
ЩǰĻǿһ̣ȴҪǻ뷴ȴ޴ӷΪЩ͸ÿһ䡣
ԣһЩͿʼˣǻǻڵóӶҪˣȻǰҪгӣԭΪ鵤ͷȴǶҩ
ŨϢǻΧ֮ʱǻѡˣʹŵҴӦˣҵı䣡
ʹಢûм٣˵һᣬסΨһĻᣬԺҷֲղ˵ģȴģǳ׵Ĩɱ
ᣬԲᡭ
ǻ귢ģʵ̲ʹˣ˵֮ǻϵʹ͸ʧˣͷ·ûгֹһȫزŵӣ˵ŸղģΣʵŲǻ꿴СڣƣŲ
ʱϵ𣬡һ£һڣûдﵽĵزûбҪٴȥˡ
ǻٲеĲʧøɸɾϽ̬ɢǰͬʱСڵӰ졣
ų˵ǡ⡱֣һ֣ǻ겻ҵֻƴҲ˼ŸղڿռֳģˣҲɻˣ벻ڿռã


1833 ʮ˼
ˮۣܸۣ
Ϻܿһڿռþ鷢ӵİ취ǰУĥ롰һ£ȴǸ˼Ůӣ֣޵ֱСݼǱȥɫޱȣվڳߵﲻ˵˼ʲô£ɫţһ͵ҩݿ챻׷ɱʱҲûš
˵⣬ġ
ûʲô·ȷʵûбҪôţǡԺһ뵽С˵˼żĵһУƵҩ󷨣ղСݼ˵֮ʱҲûп⴫ҲûȥΣȻܵͣ˼֮ԶֻҪģʲô¶
ôһ˼˼յز²⣬˼֡壬˼塭Ժͷɿ˼Ѿ嵽Сݼǰ˵ģ
СݼڵһײŮӣ˿˿ɻȻ˼Ī׽֮УǣȻ벻˼Ϊ˽壬Сݼ˵ͷ˵ȷʵģʲô𣿡
Сݼ϶Ļش˼Ľȫתϲã۾ȴǻˮȴϲСݼЩ㲻״ɳȴ֪ԼĲ²ˣͬʱһʣǾ˼䣬ҵǰµЩʱѾǹȥһˣ˼ΪȻǣΪ֧һŶԡ
л飿
üͷ˷ܼӼе˼ƽҲ¶ɻʵģ
ٰ
ȷ
˼ЩˣСݼٴεͷ˼ȵǲˣʦ˵ͲģҲûзӦ
Ӧ
ղ˼˵һ飬˵֮˵ǴΪǸʣ̥ǵԭ򣬹ѪҺԭ˵壬һ

˼ŵʱСݼȴʣʲôˣʲôϵΪδ̽ϢСݼʣ˼˵ǵʮ˼񡭡
ʮ˼񣿡
仰СݼЩӦǳ϶ٶôϢʱ䣬뵽һŻǵڼ峤͵ףǰʮĴ˼ʮһ꣬⵹Ƿǳϡ
Ȼ˼˵һ˼ʦ壡
һأСݼˣ֣Щʱǻ֪ڳϴɳĮûЩı֮־Ѿ׹
ʦǰңһҪصͼڴ½ΣڵϦ壬ϧʵã벻ͼڴ½ҡ˼ţӴȡһЩоһ˼дţּСݼ޻֮ˮ䡭
ˡ
һһشϵĶûһ˿ȴСЩ𺳣˼֣Ҳǳƺţһ飬ʮ˼ഫɼϡ
飬ϲ뵽Լ֪ǬڶԣǵڼʦһصǬڵģп֮Уץʱ䣬ǿԼʵ
ȡһƤ滭󷨣Щһǰջ󷨣뿴ܷҵеĹͨ㡣
ֱСݼ˼ɣ飬˼Ҳ֪ǳϾ壬ǰϵл֮ʱȻǺ
е֮ӦöãŬǰǰʮĴ˼Ը
ǣˣ
˼һ֣ޣ˵˵Ҫģ仰𣿡
Ȼ
֣޿˼ĿȻǺЩаȣϸȴЩһ֣޻˵£ҵ¡
лл
˵꣬˼ͷһ̽о˼Ļع飬˵һ£ģǰǿų˵ÿһ仰
Դϡ˵ȫ΢С£˻߲𣬵ǣҲڴӴ֮зϵԸ񡢴µȵȡ
У
ϸ֦ĩڵ£һٴθ·ѾԶϻǿƤддڸ·ʱ춴ȴһһȺûõĶ߶ţҪȻȫûˣ
ߣ¶
춴֪Ѿǰһˣлĳܹ񣬻˴ڵĺ£춴ţʲôӦ
ƽһûʲô쳣Ӧ
ʱû쳣Ǿʹڸ
춴˵һ䣬ɵ֣ʲô֮ǰؾǳ¶⣬ܸʲôĴۣһҪҸĲ֣ǾͲʲô¶äˣҲôڴһ
ǡ
Ӧ춴룬˵ˮֶٸµģֶ֮ˣ˭ƻһߣΪֶΪ꣡
춴ĽҲͦأ˳ȥ춴ȴ·һ֮УӲġ
չȥǵִؾ


1834 滭ͨ
ؾѳҰ֮Уϵ˼ȴؾ棬·֮ϣϵ·ʱйǿҵĳ嶯Ŵϡһ֮ǿߣȻȳ
ɾʱĺѣϵҲ⣬ϵĶȴһ仰ûеĻɣסһˣù죬ùãܹΪ棬ܸһ¥
⻰һʱ俴ǣǺ֮ǰ࣬ЩţʵղʲôûУ
ʲô
ķӦϱ֪ûеɻӵˣʲôģôǶˣʵ˭סģ᲻ʲôطУΪʲôǵҪأ
Ȼеɻóϵĳ嶯ǿңǣȴò룬תȥȻһģգѾԶˡ
Ͽ϶ȥϲ̽һʲôŹ֣ʱһ˼óϵȥһ棬ֻ÷Źųϲȥ
ԽԽƤϻҲԽԽˣٽʱ򣬳ϲûĵķ󷨡
ЩѶȡ
Ͼʱ򣬷ֿĲֺǲֻ֮࣬󣬵һתϵĹؼƤϻǾʹزһˣˣͻˣҲĲˡ
ԣЩתĲλƤϵʱ򣬾͵û䷴棬ϻţСţؽţǻԼСڵ
߽Уһ߽ȥо룬Ĺ򣬳֮⣬ܵƣ֪ҵڿռ䣬᲻Ҳܵƣ
ϳ֣һȭǰ治ԶľʯܸǿӴľʯ˲һĻûôǾֻ֣ڲ²ųʲôĿġ
ʯΪޣϵõ˴𰸣Ʋڿռһ棬ˮȵȣƣޱͨĸо
ĽóϷĲ٣һǿУռһЩƣãҲ͵ɢ˿ȥ
ΪΪ½·ǿ߽½ͨԣϵһν˥˺ܶ࣬ЩҰޣҲϡ١
һüͷ뵽С󣬱㽫Ұ޾ۼĳһЩҰ޸оϵٻָĵط϶ȥʱ䣬һ˱㵽˴
ϵ˵ϸɻ֮ɫȴСʱЩҰ޵ڲҰɢȥϵĿڳϣҿ϶һйأֻǳЩٶͲˡ
ʩΪ֮󣬳Ͽʼ滹ЩһģţţʵǶȥҪ뿪½
һʱڣҲϤˣӽ¯࣬ô̵ʱЩڵʵһУֲ
ϴ˾ҲǱһԵ̬ȣûб̫ϣɳһССʵʱȴãһ㵭ķ⣬˳Ķ֪û˻ֻ֪ǳɹʵһ֣ͼıĽʱֻһʤ㡣
ڳ׼ȫȫ⻭ȥʱͻһףҲɫü˵ʱͨġ
Ļ˳أѲɻû߳½鷳Ѿ𣿡ҲŶĻʲôˣĵģ춴ˡ
˶ֽţɴҲ˻ȥǲܵˣֻܼߣʲôˣҪȥ
Ҳˣú͵ȥѾϱҪȥһ˼ϴűĶ·ȥ
Խߣϵľ֮ɫԽŨ֪˭µĴֱʣоΧĿռ䣬ѾΪظıˣǿռĸı䣬ŵͨ仯
ؾĿռ䣬Ŀռ䲻һܽĿռı䣬ȷʵһ㡣¶ֹͣսͬ˵
ռ󣿡
ţС˵СܲܿһĿռ䣬Щط
õģ
עⰲȫһвԾ

СϢ˳ڿռ䣬һ㣬Ŀռ賤Ͽ˳һۣо֮⣬ȻҲûȫóȴǸоСЩϾҲĸ֡
ŷӵӣСصڿռ䣬˵Щռȷʵ˱仯ٿռ䶼صһЩ仯µߵ·һ·
Կռ̳ɵһ·
𾪣üͷȻûͨ뿪½ȴҲܲµǰֱͨڳ··ı˷ʲôı
Ҫǣı·ͨηģ
ʱС˵ȥһܽľŪܸռӵ㶫ˣ˵һܽ·һġ
Сĵ㡭


1835 һ㣬һ
ͨģ˶Խ䱸ѭžڿռʱ׼ȥˣûзƤϷ滭󷨡
϶࿴һ۳ϣûпжҵӣ˼˼֣ʵǱƲѣʵڲԸű˲úõġ·ȥΪָܹıռ任·ˣڵܶԸġ
ߵö·ԽԽˣСڱ任ĿռתƣʱûʲôΣգϴС󴫻ѶϢ֪ռ֮·Сûʲôͻơ
ϾС֮꣬ͼƽɹ賤ϡһ꣬ǽڴУ˼ٱڿռЩС벻ǿ󶼲С
ԽԽɷƤɢķ⣬ԽԽǿˣٶȼӿ죬һָоܾؽȫתɷĻôղһУ׷Ļ
ʮϢ֮󣬳ֱǿңֳһЩƤ̶֮У˫ּٷһ־ٶôǽĿȫڳϡ
ϲûмʩչȴûмʩչķҪǣŹֵķΣ֮У⵽ʲô
𰸣Ը֪ҲǺҵĵģǵ飬ϾᣬʱԽԽˣʮָٶȸӿˣӰ֮
һϢϢϢ
Ϣʱƽʱ㲻ʲôڣȴϵųϵʵǳɹʧܣڿźţٸһʱ䣬ϢϢ͹ˡ
ʮָƤĳһǰϢʱϧûжʱˣڳϽҪõһ䣬¡һը죬Ƥը
ܣϵ˵ͷȫҶҡͷƮȵЩ棬ʮƽģǷڴǵϣǾͲѰˣԴǵʵҵĿ磬ҲǵƮǵͷ
Щˣֻ˵ŪĶң⻹ֻûгɹз󣬷ӳܣҪǳɹĻֻ֪ĳ档
ըܣȻ˲ϣϿɷĩƤ˼֮Уûһʱɣ겻ɣͻʲôԭ򣿡
ǲط֮йأҪǽƤʱ᲻һ㣿뵽רŻķֻֽϧרڻĵֽȫ׸ڿռ䣬棬ҪǻǼ磬Ӧò
ڳϳ˼֮䣬ܻɢ˿ռ棬ڿռ˲ͬˮϵĲһֻЩɢؾܵĿռ
ҲЩЩʱһС͵ҵͻƿڣâСŮ壬˲仯Ϊ󷨣ʱʱ̶̿ڷű仯С󲻶ϱ仯ţڽЩ֮У֮ɢܿռ
˿̣׼Ѱһһνʵ飬ȻղŹܴɣϻǻ˲پ飬ģһεĻͿԱʧܡ
ɳϸоС춯ͣҲǰȥڿռӿ۵øѰѭٶҲֻҪСһвԾҪ֣Ӳƴⱻ˶ֽŵġռ֮·
ͬʱһȻжϷµĿռ֮·ʲô˶棬վһˣǴ
ʵܻǵĺ𣿡
ܣ
оԵİգ
˳һ£ʹ˵ͷֻתͷԱߵһţռ֮ţ
ؾʱռС󣬻ˮǰ͸޿ײ룬ǣСĿĵ޿ײ룬ɢȥ󷨣ĳһ
һɢһ֮䣬СѾŽа˸׼һռ֮·һؼλãֻҪλãһ䣬ƫһ㣬ռ֮·Ҳǰռ֮·ٻͨ趨Ŀĵء
ν֮壬ʧ֮ǧˣռ֮·ԽܵӰ죬ԽƫλþԽԶпԯޡ
͵һݣлΪСѾײȥɲǼ򵥵ײ󷨣пռײСµǸգӵ£ǼĹȫ

Щ̶Ŀռ˶ϾȣųϣȻܸıռ䣬жֶΣѹֺһĻţȴг񡣡
ϸͲǴʱ۾¶ϧСѾصڿռȻзĹµıСˡ
ңСܵ˻ᣬСζЩ󷨻ڱô۵Сվǽ·ײƫˡ
ռ֮·Ҹһ㣬Ӧòᡭģεջܴģһ᳤ָֻ֮١
СܵϵĵǣʹϴѶϢæ˵ʲôùܣúϢػָҪ㣡

˵ҪСǾ񣬶һֱŵؽȴǽһСߣϼ״ûж룬ת賤˵󷨣֪󷨣ȫóһҲ١
賤滹Щ㶣᲻ó󷨣ǾͰ꣬һɣ


1836 ڶ·ƻ
֮ǰȡЩİ˵似Ϊ֮ʱûж賤֣˵ԳͼԶԣҲ˳ϲٺôӾȹϵڳܹƾ֮ʱûǡ
ɴʱ˿̣СˣϾ͹ܲЩˣڳУС̫Զˣ⣬СҲǸıռ֮·ܵˣҲռ·ϣǸһ㱨꣬ҲӦ֮ΪС󾡿ָ鵤ҩ󷨣󷨣߽׵󷨡
˵·賤沢ѡȻѡ񽻳󷨣꣬ǵɾôһˣҪٱ϶ˣɾҪˣΪ꣬ô׵ġ
賤˽һԶԺޱȵӡʹǲ˽һЩ󷨣󷨵ʱҲ׳Ϊ˸ãǵҲ𾪣Ϊǵ۷ʱڣҲһ㡣
𾪵ǣϵ꣬ӵڣµʱ䶼µˣνǰ޹ˡߡ
ֱӽǵ𾪺ӣŴϵһ˵Ȼǲרһ󷨵ģ붼ҲԼ֡
ʱϵԺһƣ󷨣óȥһˣ˲ִͷóеõһ󷨽ϣ˵ӣҲ٣ȥһˣԸռ󷨡˵Ƿǳֻ˵Ϊ˵ȫ
һұȥһˡ
ֱ˵ȴ֪ôظΪģϿ󷨣ֻһۻȥĿоâ֣ģһǳ
ⲿǳеǳ٣ٿ֮࣬һǳԺеǸǳͼ棬ҵӦģһεõǳóĴǣ̧ͷȥǳ󾿾ǺʲôطУǳж󣿲ÿһǳǲǶǳһӣ
˼֮ʱߡ¶ҲóһЩ󷨣ֵܣҲ˲󷨣Բ˵еģ˳
ɢɢģռ˲󷨣Щûǳ֣ǽ󷨣Ҳǵĸ߼١
߲ܣȫºһĥ󷨣󷨣Сһ̧ȥµһռ֮·ͨδ˿֪ˡ
ҲСײƫһʱ򣬴ɫ䣬һܣ
ͷʵôˣ
ȻܵɴȴоֱҪϢһѹ֮ȻǾ²⵽ʲô˶ĺ飬ող֤⣬ת֮ͳ˲ʵ벻ףõģ½ЩˣƵõĿռ֮·
ôĲţʵѾǰԥ˵°²·
ȫ𣿡
һŵϢϽҡͷ˵ûУռ֮·ûлٻֻǱײƫһ㣬·ȥ˿ռ֮ţ˵߳
⣬ܷŭʱڣڼ٣Ҫǿ粻ȥھͽΪȥѹ£ľ˱仯ղ˻شҪǿռ֮бȫ˵ĻĻ֣ɱ˴ˡ
ڣ⻹̫ûгĵߣ˵ִеڶ·ƻǱߵǳؾ֮ʱͽǰؾ´ţˣȫص
ǣ
Ҳʲôã֣ãԼףɢӰѾϢʧˣ˻һݣ̣ٶȸؾûа취ʲôĺܣû
ʧľٴγֵʱӰǸرߣǡʱһԾˮ棬ǵһޱȣ񶢵ԾʱͬѰ㣬һըѿˡ
ܳʲôڶһɺɱδ٣һҪȹ˭Ҳֹˣݺܻص
˵֮ڿռ֮·ϵĳϣȻڽ󷨴СڿռؽػС̻ԶԶģΪһӽؽͽסػ
ӣϽոռ󷨣ȫСĥġŴϣʲôʵرȽϺãƷ׺õĶûУ
üţûĶΪУüΪǶ󷨣Ϳͳȥ۵ģҡͷ֮ʣȴ뵽ϵӣ뵽˳϶Եֵ̬ܵȣΪ¡
Ƿ飬ʱȥڣͻһЩ
һݣȡһƻһĶֵǣ⻭ʲôûУݸϣû˵⸱εҪҲû˵⸱֮࣬Ϻ˵ЩҪЮζˣ˼Ƿ飬ķУϵԸ˵Υġ
Ŵˣ˵⸱Ժʲʣ
Ͻӹһ˻Ͳ򵥣Ϊڿռﴫ춯


1837 ػ
ڿռﴫ춯óǿҵģҪпհ׻Ϊڿռĳ嶯ڿռγ֮󣬵һĸо
ڿռ춯ĶȻ򵥲ˣ
ǿѹɳ嶯ѪĴϣֻһۣϾ˴ϵĴ㣬һ£˵飬ҳˣҿȥһˡ
⻰ϲˣȻݳϵΪ²⵽Ϻпܻ飬˵ͻӦǣû뵽ϴӦ֮죬ЦѾɢָоϺܾδйȴϽһ֮ǰСӣȴָо

ʱﴫˡ֣ɫͣ˵ӣʲôܿ
ҲûʲôȥڵǰǣҪԼõϵ֮¡
ģ˭뺦ӣұضƴ
ڴϸ߰ĻֻЦһЦûн䵱һ¶һ˵½ҪõżжȴˣҪûԹޣǲ˹֣ңڴڵģҪպҪɱϻ
ǼֱܣпܵǴ׵ɱ
Щ϶ףҲȥڵΣգȴ־ڱصãСһδɳԣ˵ӦףֻԼ
˵꣬ϲپʹȥߣͬʱлĥһ˵ط֮ԽǿԽǿ⻭Ѿ㹻ǿˣٽڿռڽ⸱У᲻ûǿ
뵽뻭УԳڵˮƽҲʲô¶رؽؽ֮󣬳ϵˮƽһʵķԾ
һȭһȭ£հ׻Ȼ˱仯еĵطֳɽеĵطˮнӲӣ䣬ǳҫȵһ࣬·ҪϵĴȥȫֳһ
ϵ˿հ׻һ㣬ȴû뵽˵زһ㣬Ŵϣ⻭ʲôҲϵ˴ڣڻδãæ˵⻭ܹߵ似ȵȣҪֻ̫࣬Ҫһ˿˿͹ˣһȫò·һһأҽ֮Ϊػ⣬̤֮Ҳǽ˴˻֮ң²⣬˻ãԶԶֹЩ
ϼ˵Ļ𾪸ŨˣԷ˵似һ࣬ǲ൱ڱӵʲôɱУֻҪӡڴ˻֮ϣͿԴ˳ϣõ˵ɱУҴϻܿ˻ܣ˻޼֮ݣҲΪ
Ȼһ״˻ãɳӿģϲãޱȵأϽ֮ҪõģԸ
ڵҪõʲô
ӣ˻ȻǷǷȴ̫ǿֱסֵɱУӶ֪ͬʱҲ뿴Լڿռô¶
ʮӣԭհ׵ĻѾӿֵһĿհףЩҲԽԽС󣬼ֱ֥ݣϿĳһһͻŴһ仯
ٴθڳϣҲ֮У϶Լڿռ˸⣬ϧհ׻Ȼδȫϵ
֮⣬Щֿ⣬ɺһΪʲôͱ֮㣬ǲ⣬ϲټ׼ȽЩƽȥ˵
ңȫ˽ȥвһУоԼУԼԭ򣬷·ػԭ
켴Ļָֻ˿հ֮״һ˼ԺǵâɢϢŽػԡϢ֮У뿴ػ᲻á
ӹ󣬡ػȷʵһЩģĶϿüȴҲ򣬲ܵػĴ̼϶ǵâ⵹˲١
ȡػϵĶʧ֮󣬳Ͻػݸ˾䣬˵㽣ʩչҪ̫ͣ˴ػ
䲻⣬ȴҲڡػϺһ𣬻ȣ˲ͳ˽ȥ֮󣬾佫ػϡ
Ըо䷢˱仯ǰ˵ĸоһޱȷĽ˿̣⽣ȴǳһַ豹ζֻζ̫ŨΪ仹ķ豹档
豹棿
ţս뵽սܵĴУ֪ػԴл᲻Ҳáţȴػݸս
ս񼸾仰֮󣬳Ժֲظֳˡ豹桱ĸ֣оĸ֣ãһһ˿ȥ
ǱߣսҲǾǰ״̬Ȼò١
ų˺ܶණ뵽Ͻ衰ػ֮ʱһ뵽ԼĹڵѾ̤˹Ź֮ʣǷֻеţ
һ֣ϵĿ⣬һӾޱȣǹֱһ˲䱬ˣҲ˵豹桱йء
֮ƣ֮⣬֮ŷֱʣȻʣرʣһ˵֮ûˣ豹ĻӦûеţҪص֮ϣȻһǹ֮ƣһйء
һƬȻ豹ʣʣһȷ·Ҳʱռ𵴣ڶ


1838 
ϵĹڲͬģԴ˻ϣϵĹȴԼģԴԼϡ
һ㣬ȷʵԼЩ
ΪԼĹҲ豹棬ĿǰǺͷڳ׼һ˼֮ܲгһ˿ʱ¡ըǳͻأ಻ֱӽϴ˼иը˳⿪ഫеսҲˡ
һܶȴǿռ֮·˸ˣĻռ䣬¿ռ֮·˲򵥣ܹռ֮·ƺƵģӲ򵥣СôشĴۣҲǽռ֮·ƫһ㡣
ռ֮·ٻĵط뵱סؾĵط꣬ͻȻ⣬һĿ¶ɱڿռ֮·ϵҶֵģпܱ춴ǰɱ⻹ôأڣԡػΪۣóһŵĴϣ̱ƻﻹ᲻áػأ
սڵһʱ䣬ػ͵˳ϵУţսɢȥŨս⣬սֱռ֮·ĶѴ
ãʵսҸҽ֮
õػɨһǰ棬ȴʮָڡػ滭ģҲǼ򵥵󣬶Ǿθ򻯺ġɱ󡱡
ԵǣǿǰԼӵڿռܹƵĹҲܵģʱЩ֮УϾҪֽ֮УٻһΣ
ѹΪԳ˵ʵĲţ
һУ˵ʵֻڵʯ֮䣬ڿռ֮·ƻһ˲䣬һȺ˳˽˿ܵѿûȫͣ
һȺ˴Ÿɫ·òװҲǸͬɢϢҲǴྶͥеϻɢŨѪζ·ɱһƵģȺһѱ֮ƫƫվǰ棬ͷһȴһ¶ŵģƸģӣһֳ׵ĸо
̣ɻ
ȿڵȴǣֻϺȵ󱲣Ұ·ɱҴڣ
һ󱲡ʱѾΧɱꡰڡ֣һ˱͵ͣ˽Ų
״жһʣЩǾ˴֮йϵΪǺߣƿռ֮·ˣڣ
Ȼֻ˵ԭǴˮСǮڣ֪ôƺ
ϷǴڴĦ϶࣡
ԭĦϣʧʧǮºЦݣüʵǴڵʲôˣΪϷδǣ
ĦϵݵλȷʵкܶʶҪʵģȴܲʶĦϵʣǮһЦִһƣĦ϶˵ϵô
Ħ϶ʼüͷһɽͻƹâһĦ϶һ飬һƬ켴֮䣬һ˵ϵϵã֪
Ǯû˵ȥֱӴϵϵþͺ˵ʱȣ˷ѣϽЩ˻شڣڵȺˣһ
ǮڿĦ϶ЩһȻǻصɣȻʮָľֹЩ֣ǮڵĿҲɨȴΪ⣬ϵ֪ЩǴڵģٶȸˣǴӦĦ϶Ҫȥڣڡ
Ħ϶Ӧһǡ˳ȥȻǮھȵ㷢ˣֻǰľֻдһˣ賤ϱҲҪǰ壬ȴɼˣĿȫڳϡ

ͻǮڵһҲĿȫڳϣǮЦ벻һۣĦϣǺηʥôļӡ
Ħ϶һĶͷղŽһӱ˻¶Ͻߣ˵ӣƲһˣ㿴⡭
˵Ļ𣿡
ӣ൹ûȥҲȥȥȥʱײʱౣ֤ܻóȫĦ϶ĵ˵ǮȴЩˣΪڵĴϣûǸܵģȻòڴڣĦ϶֪һ㣬ϺദȴҲǼΪ԰֮ˣɿı֣ʲôǮģίȫ
㣬ֻ˵һ£ˣ򵥣뵽ЩǮЦݻǲ䣬ֻ˫һâڻšڹؼʱ̵ĳϣȴ̧ͷǮڵ˫ۣͿҪˣǰȴǳҪʮϢ֮ڣʣµġɱ󡱣ȫꡣ

Ǯֹ˼֣ϵЦסˣǲţ⿴ȥǮΪ뿴һ³Ϊ߶ΪϢ֮ĹЩ˵ΣǮ硱˫ǰȫѭΣöôɾǮҲһ۾ͿʵΪʵս
ң硱ûгɴ˿̣һ˫ۿȥǮڣûпϵΪǮڵɫ
ԭ
һĦ϶ΪӵˣΪʵ̫ɲ⣬ȫͬһˮƽϣܣΪǮھò
ǵڶܾǣ硱˫ۿľģ˸ûΪûΪȻʲô
ֻǣܣǮ˼Ƿӿ


1839 ѪȾɱƴɱ
Ǯ˼ӿ˵ʵڻԸԱ߳һģҲԸֿϸˣûΪûսûһʵĦ϶ôܹΪӣһһԹޣҲұʾӣ
رǣôĹ֮ǿߣȻԪš̫ŵΪҲһɼҪûʵϵĻ
ôûΪأ
ǮţĿٴʮָĳʱߵġɱȻӽβһεľѵһֵӦ֮Уǵڻû谭
ǣȻܷɣֻҪûлãǾʲôܷɲһƷܴɵζһ˲䣬һƬ飬ֻҪɱŪɹ
Ϣ
Ϣ
ʮָӰػȴǲϵ֣˾ȵǣƤϻʱ򣬶ŷ֣ڡػ湴ȴûһâ
ȻЩǳĵģ
ڡɱҪȫɹɲǣʮָؽֱӴѹӿʮֲָʹĸо۾˲ޱȣȫûκ뷨ܵسϽڿռȡӿʮָ֮Уһεʧܡ
ڿռһӿ룬ʮָٴ趯ȴһʹ˵࣬Ѿûʱȥʹˡ
һϢ
ʮָ£ʮָߣպýǲ֣
ոպá
еĻû˵꣬ۡ͡һڣ³һѪѪպý˹áɱġػϣϸոı飬
ЩѪ᲻ƻɱ
ϿѪڡػɢɱȫǣڼѪı仯ȷʵ֪ʲôӰ죬ȴĨȥǵѪǮںһ£ûзִָһĶ뵽ղǮȡƵĳ棬˲²⣬Ѿӵڿռ䡣
ģϳȴŴ˵ܻȫĦ϶ϽһɫΪׯص˵һƴȫ
ƴȫЦˣǮ˵նɱңֵΣ
⻰Ħ϶ɫһӱѿǮȴһ˵ӣǰɣ
ճϡ
ֵ֣ڣ
̸ϣֻҲȥԼȫòϵĵطˣֱУֵܶҵ𡣡̬ȱȽĮǮϲЦŭҲƽ˵ҷǵҪֵȥڣһϼƣ̸̸绨ѩأ
ܱǸòʱ򣡡
ӣúϻֱǡǮһ׳˵˿ûнϷǮ˵Ǯڣȥ
ǣӣСһץ
Ǯǰϻûжսվǰ棬˵ϴҵġ˵ʵڻսҪǮƴɱϺЩģǮȻṳ֮̂ɾ澳۷ǿߣرɢѪζǳŨսȻ˴Уȴûȫսģûȥֹս˵Ψսսسɳ
սǮڽ£Ǯ߳һˣ˻ɱ豾֣ȴһ˶Ծ˵㲻ǰĶ֣
Ҳ粵ȵһǧȣ
˲䣬һն£ӾߣȻٶȷӦ˹ȴѾˣֻǧ֮һգۼ䣬˾ѪⱩΪǧȣӵˡ
Ǯڼ״һȣǧȷ׷ױѿ񼴽ջĵȣȴ⵽˱Ϯһ㣬ҲǸɴ࣬ȵ
ǧ뱬ǮڵĹһ룬ʣµһСɹ˾ϣѪȴûк˰벽Ķ֣Ȼˣɫ԰ޱȡ
ǮüͷղȻṳ֮̂ɳ֮ĥȴܹڹ֮ǿ֮ӵһҲӾıǮȻһﷴ˼һնˣд˽Ĺ󲿷֣ǮڿԱߵսǮڻռϷ磬ǮȴظоսսʼŨ˽ʮ

һ˳ʵĹ֮ǿߣԪžûкȺֻǳ¶ʾһ£¶̤˴Ǯ߳ƽߡߵ˶ӭȥɼ賤ϣƴɱս
Ħ϶һԣֱӦúƽУǮҲһϣǳȥʮþȣǣĦ϶ҲⲻʵңϣǮһܽ£ܽػû
ûءػǿɲǽǱô򵥣ղؿػйŪҲ򵥣ĳΪػˣܹЩҳƷܵİء
Ǯڻһƴɱϸ賤ϵĹʽĦ϶࣬ĦϣǴڵ˰ɣ
ǡ
ô¶
Ӹˣ
ƣ
Ǯھ׽֮ʱĦ϶ഫڳϵ£Ҫ˵һ飬Ǯ֮ɫˣԳ˵֮ǰܷŹ㣬ڣǵȥһ˲ˡ
ֻӲˡ
ܴù𣿡ǮһʣЦҪԲ֪
Ǿ԰ɣĦϣûбưɣ
ûУ
㻹վʲô


1840 вң
Ǯڷ֮Ħ϶ûлʱȥԥע˳ġػջĦ϶ֿˣĦ϶û¶ݣȰķʽ˵ӣֻȥһˣʲôµģҪ룬֮ǰ˵ĻȻ
Լ˵仰𣿡
Ц˵ȻĦ϶Ŀûʲô仯ǣѾظоĦ϶죬ǰϻпܿӵڿռ󣬳ϵֱǿ˺ܶࡣ
ӲҲûа취Ĳ롭
ְɡ
ֱ˵Ħ϶ܵԴûзŭһ࣬Դĸоֻ˵֮ǰӵ磬ȴûлһԣڣǾ͹ˡ
䣬Ħ϶һն£һƿǲ򵥣иֽСϿ޼ơĦ϶ɱǿҲΪһй
Ͽ޼ƣ˼壬ûм´˵ֻҪһֱͣͿԶͣǿȥһʱܹϿգϿտɲ˺յѷ죬ĶϿգһأؾҲһƽˡ
ȻĦ϶໹û˾磬ҪȻ֮ǰĿռ֮·ͲôˣԳ˵һƵѾܴܴˡ
ۿšϿ޼ơҪϮ£ϲ˷ӭĦ϶ȥղ۵һȫһʽȭȻڿգ
䣡
֮ȭ֮ײһըɢȥǱٻĿռ֮·ѿȥûбײײ÷ɢǿøֻٶࡣ
Ħ϶ಢûйΪֻлŵĳ϶ԴڲãԣϿ޼󡱴߷ķܣųնȥնڳϣӿʹ֮УǴ֮ŰڵķܣҪչ֮ʱȴһӱڿռ䡣
ڿռķܣһóˮ˵Ǿ仰ʲôǰȻڿռУʹĸоȴûɢѪֻǣ˳ϣԶҪ֮ǰϾŽӴܣֻ´ʱܵ˺أҵöࡣ
෴ǹڴ͸ܣĦ϶ϣֱĦ϶ֱˣһֱ˵ʮʱĦ϶Ѫͣ
Ħ϶ͣˣȴôҲ֮ͣǰ賤ϡˮ¶һ˵ƴɱǿԳϵǿһʶϷŵúܸߣҪȻҲһоǡϿ޼ơͬʱлһΪǾó϶նɱǣҪĹͻǿ賤ϡǡ
һƴĦ϶ŷ֣ԼȻ͹˳ϣ˿̣Ħ϶Ӧ֮ͷԽԽŨңĦ϶뵽ҪǵõػҲӵǿǧٱ
ͬһĻ֮۵׵ǮڣҲü֮ܵסܣôᡭǮ𡰴硱˫ٴοȥ뿴ϵ壬ȴ
վδһƵģȴףɵؽĦ϶ɱУҪƴɱȥͲôˣңԱ߻иǮء
Ҳ壬ؽɱЩֶΣûʩչﻹֹй֮壬᲻з֮壿һ˲䣬Ͼʹ˴¹Ҫʩչܴӵ⣬ִ˴÷γɷ֮壬ڿռγǿ֮ء
һǴ·ģΪʵ󽵣һֱڱѹŴǳ£賤ȻܳϿƣɱϾǲعҲǲ֮״ǸոͻƵģЩɱսĥսĹ֮ǿߣǲУҪܵвˣ߸տʼܲ£ʮϢȥ߾ͱ¶ʵս鲻ȱ㣬һƽʱǶչʵսֻƽ߻ܹһֱסֻһҲ
˾ƣףǮڸףǮ˵ȷʵҾȣȻǶ֣ЩǶ·磬㻹ҪػˣϣȰ㣬ȥںһΪãҪȻǿɾͲÿˡ
вң
Ϊ
Ǯ䣬볣սͻɱ֣ȣؽֻһ˲䣬ؽʹӳڿռɳ泣赲ǼɱУţؽնһʽ򽣹һ˱˰벽
ȺУ˲˳ĿҪҾжңҲڽؿţʱûв֣ȴʱ׼ų֡
챦ı
Ǯһȣٿϣ˵֪ı㻹ж٣Ħϣ˵ţĶҲɱУͬʱǮĦ϶һϹ
ϽСɱػǮһףȴĦ϶ȥĦ϶˵Ź㣬ȴ̰ŴңȻˣǾͱҲˡ
Ħ϶һ飬оȻ˾⣬Ϊ뵽賤ϵĽ֣ѾĦ϶ߣģҴӦģ
£Ǭһָƿն
һߣǮҪػػȴһƬѪɫ⣬ֱǮڸ棬Ǯڶָоܵýʲôз֮֮ܡ
ͬʱ˴ؾΪ֮Զ


1841 ᣿
ѪɫסǮڣɫޱأ˷Ϯǵء޿ײ룬˹ǮھܿһҲܡ
ΪǮȫڡɱ֮У󷨸ȫסˣҪܿ󣻿Ҫأ͵ûڵķ⹥
ǮʵǿҪȻĦ϶Ҳܶģ󷨹ȴ˺Ȼ˺ǳСʱţַĻ֮£˺ʹȥ
⻹ʲôҪǣǮڻоƹ֮⣬еǮΪĵģǮֱܻΣա
ߵֱرǮƴɱĥֱǷǳ׵ģǣǮȴʲô
Ȼ֪ǮȴûԴУ΢һ֮ǮſںȵȻΣɵ󷨴󶯣Ѫ
һϷǮ죬ͣΪΪǡǮһЩڹϵġɱǮһӪˣս˲٣֮෴ǣս񡢾䣬ߵˣȴܵӰ졣
ǳϣҲܵӰ졣
Ҫ⹥οȥɸϣȻ뵽ȻⲻҲʵ幥Ӱ֮࣬ҲãʵҲգҲãҲգܣ𣿡
ͷôһת֮󣬳ſǹϮϣٸɽڿռ仯ΪڿռһӣϻãȻΪڿռۣܴ
⣬ϵٶȴûǬһָѾָĦ϶࣬Ħ϶ԼҲݣȫܿӭȥԱ֤ԼѪϻá
ͬʱﻹ˵ӣһᣡ
ǲҹԹĻͲأ
һʣǬһָʩչĿ⣬סϣģԼǳϵĶ֣ͷѾЩ²⣬оԼԺЩм䷢£϶Ǹճйأ˻ûжֵ˼Ժ˭ҲϣҵûȥһˣʦҿܲܰһָҵǬɲôõģκβ㣬Ǭеܹ㣬ʱаֶٰΣǧ仯Ӳ·һ
Щʱ򣬷ʼעܻ׼׼ᣬ뿪ˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ڸؾһ˵ϷҪ˭ϷµĿռ֮·֮壬ǧֶΡ
Զеģѭϵ·һһŮҲǡҪؾŮ˵ţҶڤҸ㣬Ҫ˵㻰գ
ҶҪʲôʧʯ٣
˶ź죬ƴɱ֮ԽԽˣѽĦ϶Ƶ֧穵ģûʲôм֮ԭɣĦ϶಻ôƣɻûпսʱоͲôᶨҪǡػջ֧Ųôʱ䡣
Ħϣ㱵ӣƺ
Ħ϶ųϽĻ˵ȴ͵ؿԼҰжʮϣÿ϶ʩչȡ˾Ѫ似Ħ϶ָ
⡭
ͻȻôһ£Ħ϶ЩûعϽ٣Ħ϶֣ʮϣȫɢϢΩΩФܣϢڡ
Ħ϶˼⣬ѵ˵ʮȫǳϵķԲܳ£Ħ϶ҷ񶨣ʩչһдĹ׼ʮϣȫ빥֮Уݷ̶˭˭ǣǻһ۾ܿ
ȻĦ϶һЩɵΪʮɢʮЩһ𣬴˿̵Ħ϶Ȼֵܵһȴܽ˱١
Ħ϶Ҫ˿֮ʱĳʹУӰһ뿪Ħ϶ɫ䣬ȴû׷ٶȥϵǿ߷緶һ˿޴棬ֻʧˣȡҵľѪˣҲ롭
žѪһҪǮƳɱĦ϶סʧɫĦ϶࣬Ǯɫأֻһתȡһ֧ëʣȵԵΪֽΪ⣬ĥɽΪīΪд֮
磬Ŵ档£ۡά𡭡Ǯһ·Ļ˿󣬻һηȨƣΪǧհ
һһţڡɱѪУһ֣дɣϿϸԸд桱ʱĳ
Ϣ䣬ִɣ
һ䣬貵ֱҫǺӵĹâӡɢܱѹס󷨱仯סǮȴоǵ

𣬡ֱ˲䣬ʧ󷨱飬Ǯڴӡɱ˳ҲЩǱǮڳͬһʱ䣬ϵҲɹĦ϶ȫС
Ħ϶ҪƴסϣԺµǵӡȴĲӻס̧ͷЩ㶵Ŀ⣬ųϽػС
һ̣ŨŨĺڴӿĦ϶಻ɳҪô̰ģҪǲȥɵĶãĦ϶ڵ̫ˡ
Ͽšػоâ֣ͬʱһӰ¡


1842 ٺҲû
մӡɱǮڣûüЪһոǻķô¶͸оΧռ죬سֱʹȥȵ˭
Сӣҡ
ƽȴϵ˷ĿռǮڶǮصɫȭǰһ˵ϡ
һʮߣ޴һ̤߿Ǯڣ˿˵Сӣﻹ˵㣿
ϣ˹ܹ졣
죿ȷʵ죡
˵ţĿɨܣ˻ƴɱϵĿҲһɨȴؽͣ˼ϢСݼյһˣǿҲδ󣬽Ŀ˳ϡ
ϻڿšػʹûǼʶġֽһʩչȥܻ󣬷ֽٻңֽıҲǹһ֣ͬżԷֽιЩֽһأȫˡ
ֽ⡰ػȴ˿δ𣬡ػĹȻǳأͱǿȶԣǼЩԶ
ĻһװˣڵĳϣǾʵΪػûл٣ϹڡػϵġɱҲûл١
׼ȷһ˵ǮڵǸ֣֧֡ɱˣŵʧģǣΪԣȴǺúõģֻҪעͿʹá
ϣҵѪľ䣿ػǷֽǳ˷һֻҪУ䣬ĽЩ𣿶ƻڿռйء
²ţϲ뵽˵ġ֡ûȥٴػﻹֹô˵һ£ʱ򣡡
СӣϷĿռ֮·
˳еġػÿƽȴʢ˵˵̧ͷʵʣ˭
ߣ
һߣѪѾĨȥǮڣ¶Цݣ˵ǸСӣǰҲţʲôŹ֣еˡ
ʵַʽڴ˵أֹâ˭ῴһ¶֮飬ƫƫȴ޶ԡ
Ȼ϶Ա˵ĿⲻôںӣлŴˬˣ׼һԼĵλԺ飬Ҳ洦
߸մϾ͸ойɱϢϮֱҪסѪҺٶȣػٶȣѭٶȣҲ
ǳϵ˼άҲЩӰ졣
ֻһߣܣ֮£ˣȻ١ЩԾҿ϶СϡĹ̺֮ģǷܣֻܱⷨ桢Ħ϶֮ģǿöö࣬ҪһĲαܣܣҲֻһ
ţòⷨҲ֮İɣ
ţϵĹ뽫ȫãͺ񡰶ġЧȴһξ룬壬켴ڿռɡ
ܽڿռ棬ûһ˲ڣڿռУǽһţþòɢҵǣ״̬ҲûгãֻʮϢʱѣɢˣɢһ˲䣬̶ﻹðһݣֵǣҲûƵôˮϡ
ݳϲףòɢȴΪڿռ仹ԭ򣬡ۣĻۣ֪Ҫ۵ʲô̶ȣµڶ֮٣
̺ˣǹȻҲûˣһ紵ϣҶǶ˲٣ȴûеһҶʱ͸оɫ֣ϸһ˵ԭѾ˹֮壬ǧ֮ƾ֮壬㻹ϷߣϲĻӦûһ챦ɣҲġ
ӣġ족֣ԽԽƵصȷʵмı
ϵĵǮ˾ȣȴһ֮ЦݣϵĹôõģ
Ȼֻһߡ
ǸߺϵĸоȴǰٱϽ߾ȫϮڿռ˿̣ϲ뵽С󣬡ҪСڣҪȥӦ׵öࡣ
ţüͷһתڿռɢȫ⣬רγһͨʹЩܸ׽ȥһ׶ˣϢʱ䣬ϵٴαɽȥɢڿռС
ߣ
ߣ
ߣ

һߣϵˣѪˣǱˣĽϵʧްг³ѪҲȫóڡػˡ
Ѫǲǵ¡ػҪأѪǲ˷ѵġ
˵֮ǰֻǲˬĻѾɱģȻűɨӣԱߵǮѾ֪˵ʲôˣ¶岻֣֣˵ϻһߡ
ͬʱǮĥӸղŵսϵʵв磬Ϊʲôֵܵס಻ϵعǼʲô
Ҳ뵽ЩҪʮٴߣ˵ˣٺҲûãܻܲһУ
С̫
ϵĿ⣬ؽ


1843 ûˣƥ
ҪȴϣûиȥԼŪ²̨óϸŪŭýռ֮·ƫһ¶ʱˡ
ƾϵľӦ˱ŭ֮ǰǰ˴ѵһ٣ƣûлᷢйȥղųϵΪպֳ˵˿̵ϣȽϵѹȥˬޱȵʩչȥ˵
ȻлһҪԭǾϾǰ֮УȻŪţһ˸ͻȥˡ
СӣĽȽһ¡
϶Գ˵Ϊؽ볣貢սΪԵؽǳ裬˵ŵͬʱϾҪؽһץס
ʱӰȴһϵǰס𣿡
סҲȭ
һȭȥȭڰ·ػڿգѪɫǺȱڣйϣ˵Сѣ
˵䣬˫ɻ㣬жɲɣժժֵǰʱϱ㿴ػд߷ġɱܣͻûˣ֪ȥ
ûˣ
Ȼ֪ϺͻȻûˣдһʱǱ𡰺¡һը죬ֱѪ
ϴ󾪣ȴǰͶûУȭͷֱǡɱܺȥƺ䣬ʵɣЩҲ˷ѣҲоɱеĵɹܡ
Ϸ˵סġ
˵ţٴؽץȥȻؽӦץȥϣǱץסӣûʲôԸȥ֮󣬺ԥתϺɱȥ
ֻȭͷ
ֻ⡰ȭȴСںϵʱ򣬳ϻڷۼſռǬתȵȣеľȫת
ȻϵĹ칥ϻЩֶӦϾһԣӲӲһԣ壬㲻УЩҲɱΪá
һ̣У˼룬ֻһȭ
˰̶ûкãʹȻϷͲˡ
û£˫ֲժڳϹһ˲䣬ƺˣȽϼܸ͵һطս֣Ӳն³һ۰
Ȼ˲ϢϾ͸оЩԾˣΪϲûܸȻֻ̺ȭ
£ϿЩѰˣڿռһкһڣܹܹһ࣬һһҲ̫ࡣ
ǣڴˣϻûоԵİգ
ҪǻһˣһϻͳȫԷԷʵ飬ǣǰЩ˶Ҫشڵģرˣ˿ԣ˶УҪٰòʢŭ֮µɾҪҲˡ
ϲðգղŵ׼ҲûãϱϾһųһЦСӣǣϷǣھԵʵǰʲôһ࣬ûõģҪӲϷͳȫ㣡
£ץؽҪץסһɲǣԭѾϵؽȻâ¶ҫ۹⻪һʽڡֱնϡ
⡰ڡĴڼѧģʶģЩսɵ似սõʱѧ似гĨɱԴٵһ֮࣬еһУһն֮С
ɫ䣬ΪڡܣΪȻһѽƭˣһ֪ߵغСӸǰҲˣϾһˣȴһѽø߸ϵԿŭǸˣǸˣСӰɣ
ûκλشֻи׵Ľ͵ȭ
ϵĬúúáϿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ֵ鲻ףϷ㣬ΪһѾ벻˲֪ôȻϷͻ㣬Ĩɱ
ˡ
һΣؽ˷ӦڶȴǱĵζϸŭڷŭʱ϶Ҳûͣ£һ޿հ׵Ķ˳ϣͬʱǹɱϢ
ţ˫趯ʮָ裬ܿռ䶯ѣ˵Ϸй˼ɣҪסٵѽǺ޹˼ɣ
ƥң
һȣ棬ʱϵȭͷʧͬʱҲоԼȭͷ񹥻˱𴦣ɣȴһǰȵʲô
ըʱ޶ȭͷӴը÷飬ȫǱܷӦأЩϿĶ鿪󣬳ֱӽɽڿռɢűϢܣҲһԶɽȥ
ȭͷٴγ֣ٽٶҲָԭɱڹϣͬʱؽ֮Ҳǹڿռʱؽ󷨣ȫת
ֻѿڶؽûбסǽЩնˡ
˲Ϣ仯ľƣȫϵԤϣΪЩֶܹסϣסҲϽһʰѽкϡ
ϵãȭͷûеסؽҲûסһȭһϮѾܱܿϽʩ൲ͬʱһռûеȱȫá
ؽն£
ȭ
ͬһ˲䣬һȣ𣡡


1844 ΪϷ򻹻ϵ
ʩչܣǹؽĺ״ǵϡ
֮˰ţΪ֮ǰľѾ֤ʵЩܹԳȻãò̫Ч󽵵ͣΣؽǰĬϣȻؽ˭ԣǿʹؽóϵĽնϡ
ϵĿģںܹ˵öأҪǣҪóϵľ仯
ЩͷԺתʱײԺ棬Ͼ׽֣˼ɢȥȫһؽѾնʩչصܡ
顭
˽ӴϷ֮Сţˣͬһ˲䣬ȭͷǹâԽԽʢĺ״档
һ״ĹâɢҲѣϻһѺ۳֣ϼ״ɫٴδ䣬ǲ򵥣װĿɲʲôˮһĶ
ԥأ˳ϲٺˣȵϻǻϷǲèˣҪΪǸƻδ꣬öɫֱؽָָؽͬʱҪǺ״ջ
䣡
ը죬ؽٶȱըҲһ룬ؽȻ޵еƣնϣ۾гһ죬ϷɶϽ
ۿҪײϣ϶ָγɵܣԶ˶ɫ԰ףɾһ˲䣬ؽתһ˼ĽǶȣոϵܲ
ǡ
ϱʣʧˣֻؽ۶ն״Ҫջصĺ״ؽն÷ϣ
ˣթд
ŭȣȴؽһʧˣĺ״ҲһʧˣЩˣϷպɲʲôָһĶװµģĪǡ
ûеϡĪǡ꣬ȭͷѾƿķϮϵѪ֮УʱƾһŻ
𣡡
ϴʧɫϽѹѹʱǰȳԺȻһУϵ֮⣬ϲûһڵǱӭؽĶָָ˳ȭ

ܾŷֵסϵܣķȴһӺϵȭͷ棬ȭͷպÿ飬ֻԴ൲˲䣬ôѪһһȥÿһ϶СꡱȴΪϵܽѪ⡢һһ룬ϵּΪӴʹϲòˡ
ÿһСꡱ𣬶ѪѪսͱס൱ңʵϵ棬ҡ
ų߱⣬ܼʱڿռǺ״״ҲûԶɢڿռڿռؽ״ƴɱš
㾹Ȼӵ𣿡
ΪʲôҲܣ
ãܣ̫ˣΪһܰϷסʵ̫ˡЦţȥǱߵǮڴһʱɫն֮࣬һӿϡ
ȴ֣һ˳ˡ
ССϣҲͣ
ʩչܣǻһԪž֮ߣҪµĻҲҪȴȫǲֵһᣬֻһץһš
£һڹԶܵץ֮һʧһ켴ЩͳڴЩԵĹȫԭⲻػˡ
ǳԼζ
ϵ˵ȴЩæңȷʵһֲҪ˶ȥûҪǵҪȻ֮мЩܣǾҪˡ
ϾԸĹæ֮ǾͽҪϵϹ˵ǲùҡ
ϡ
ģɱң
ϱ˵ţϵıܣıλʵЩܣЦô϶Ϸ򲻸ɱ㣿
Ҫһԣ
СӣϷ㡭
ͷȸ㣬ҵһǲһģҪоо
թңϷ򻹻ϵ𣿸ϽպϷ򽻳
ϼȡǰεĽѵų֮ԣȴ뵽ձЦŻص˵ʵ㲻ţˣɱû㡣
ٷϻպ
õĶó𣿡

ϲЦЦǮڶЩ֣֪ϲĲŶ԰ôЩ
ǱߣЦ˵Сӣ˵òϷ治ɱ㣬ȻϷһߵʱˣɱ㣬ȴܶ㣬ϷֻҪ֤㵽ڵʱ򣬻һУԣϷն˫˫ţϻһӣٽһ˿ڱסס֮أٻٱ⣬ͣػͣر⡭
Խ˵ϵ飬
һǲأ
СӣҪٲϷڿռ䣬ԼȡЦڶǮüͷȴԽԽ壬ϸղϵƴɱֵϷԼ־ȡģֻĥĥ㣬𣿡
ϸǳ֮ɫϵĻĴΣգ˲ɱ֣ȴҲóˣ˵ոĹ֮Ҳûˡ
ôأ
ţ۾ȴ͵صֱ󷽣˵ˣ


1845 ڤŭ
ʱĴȷʵǷǳ֮ǰؽӦÿһУǷǽֳܱԵġ
似ˣܸˣжãĶ֣ȴѾսĶĹ֮ǿߣҲĶֺܲùһپǣûоȵָɱĳ̶ȡ
ؽڿռѹպﲻó裬ССҲУǻ굹ѵģųʱϸסȵһ࣬Ӱ죬ܽų
ȻܹϵıܸҪٵʱ䣬ȴǧһ֮ʣҪȳϸǾʲôˡ
鼱֮ʱϺȻоֻǶǲˣɳ˵ܴ࣬һĻᣬڱǰ˵
һǴЦüζСӣ⻰ƭС࣬㿴ϷСǭ¿ֻҲ˵ó
֪ôأȻȫռϷ磬ȵѿȴԽԽþЦŵϣϵĿƫһ£˵ԭ˵ǻҵעȥΣ֮У˼ԼİΣ˲ˣȥ˼ң
˳ϼ϶볣ƴɱ֮ǿ˵ĴΣ㣬һߣ
ǣϣ
ո£ϵЦݱһͣһӾ֮£˭ҶҶӰëҾҪ
˭
Ķȳδ£߳һӰ˿ͦŵģӰʱ³볣йϵΪǵòֱһĥӡģ뵽˵ģʮ֮˾ǳףҲٻǿеĲڤˡ
Ҷڤ
Ҷڤһ۾Ϳ˳裬˲䣬ɱâɢŨŨɱʵ˭ҶŪģ
û£ҶڤͿ˳Ķ֣ӿ󲻰һţû³ʲôŭߣҲûйϵҲʶ㣬ߣ
裡
еֻײܽ裡
迴ҶڤǼ䣬еһӾʧˣкŵʱһնȥţؼɱҲûеһ¶ղôʱƴɱϷ泣裬ʲôϸòˣҪͷͽնɱˡ
Ǻһе裬Ϊ֮УһԽףܵˣһ˲䣬һѪߵı۰緢֣ȴڿУ
һĻ˶סˡ
ǮʱԼ˼ƿ¶ţ˸ս֮ãԪžûȫȹ̣ȻһնǸ̫žǿߵֱۣ⡭
뷨Ҳ࣬ûֱ۵ߣûôһ¶ֵĳҲЩɣȫǲأҶڤһۡ
ҶڤҲ΢ԼĶ̤˹֮ԼĶܹڹ֮ҲԽɱˣֽ飬ӭŶӵĿＸ䣬ͻ뵽ʲôǻûü򿴼ӱǿȫֵЦݣ˲ʧӰ٣ȡ֮Ǳģ˵ôˣΪԼԽɱˣǿ󣿺ߺߣֱƨǣҪȥ˵ҵĶӣҶӶҵĶô𣿾ȥס
ұ죬ұ죡
ὣҶڤնȥҶڤһָͽˣ豻ָ֮ѪֱðҶڤЦżܲˣұ죬ƾʵһǧ꣬Ҳ룬һָͷʰ㣬Ƿֻ֪ŭɶð
ҶڤԼĻĴ̼ҲܳѪ˫ĳĿ⣬ȼճŭ𣬼˵Ҳ˵԰նɱ˸ҿһ°ҿô˼ҵĶ֣˵ն˼ˣǸЬӶʲôˣҶˣҾ˵Ƿ㻹
죬ҲǷ
һȺնɱȥȫûз·ֻƾǹŭ𣬺նҶڤͼ̼ţ˵ĻأһһһһݶƺǧѵڴųģŭȴԽԽŨ
Ũ˾ʵסĳϣޱȵظоˣϵüͷýֹţЩŹ֣ʱٻ˵ģӦģ˳ıƣǸϵиյ˵Ļֶ˵ǳŽǳںΪʲôҪ˵Щ̼ôķŭأ
ţԺȻһ⣬뵽뵽ˮܸۣۣŭܹɥʧǣ£ͬҲԻŭΪϣ˿̣ҪɷŭҲǷŭԽն˵ֱۡ
һƬͨ¶Цݣ裬һ֮켴ʹһֱȥ
ҶڤҪϼĶٵϳǡ𡱣뵽ϸղŴĻʱ׳ҪĶӣһ˵Ǻ˵ģʱ˿̣Գ˵һã鵤ҩҪóǧ򱶡
ȻҶڤͼģǳһˣѾЦǮڸɱȥ


1846 С
ҵ˵ĥʯĥ𣿡
ǮڵȻ˵ӰֱǵնȥҶڤΪⳣģ˵Ҿɱ
֪˭𣿡
˭ֻҪˣҾɱ
˵𣿡

ôڵӻĥʯ𣿡
Ҷڤûлش⣬ֱ˵ɱ󣡡
ɱ𣿡
Ǯն𹥻Ȼ֮ܳ⣬ǣӲĻܻЩرǶǮ֮بžĸ֣նµĻһ͸ٵˡ
ۿҪն棬ǰһҶڤһǮڹͬʱǵ͵ؼ֮һϢ䣬˳ǮڶûзӦ
еķŭ֮飬ȴһӱյ˼£Ҹ·ȫƾģ˿̳ıģҪնɱǰˣٸǸˣǶصˣһ׵ˡ
ŭ˼£ڵĵ˵ɲһ¶նһֱۣܴ˵Ǵ˵Ӱ죻֪֧ųģǹӷŭŭûˣͻйĭһơ
߲ûд볣һֱȵķŭʧٽأϵʹҪȥֻµȵģȵĲ˼ҵķŭʧʧԣʩչԼΪ͵ʽҪˣΪʧȥս
ҵĥʯѵ̫ˣѷĥƬ
߹ǰȴЩ޴ֵĸоǳķжжȫ棬ǡǡǳŭ֮µĹ߲Ų֪ĴȽϺá
ʱ䲻ˣɱȥ˵
ҲˣǱߣǮڿܵҶڤ˫ңҶڤ
£
ΪҾͲأ벻ȻҴܳҶ㲻㵽ΣҴһ㡣
ҶڤһЦҪƽʱ⻰пܼŭңڣļûãңҲҵĶ֣Ļ˻ȥɡ
ǮûóȻ֣Ҷڤţɲǰ׽гģʱһЦܣǮüͷΪЦȻЩǵϡ

ϿЦ˵СӣԼסҪȥ˼ңΪİ׳ղ࣬һϰ׳գΪ̹βڤ֮Ѫ޵ˣҲʲôطֵõҰ𣿡
˭˵Ҽǰ׳յģ
ϵδ䣬ӰѾվϵǰȴһģŮˣϿŮˣɫ˼䣬˵С㣬ôҲˣ
ղ˵ģ
Сּɫ仯øˣǱҶڤŵǮڣüͷôҲɲɻԽԽŨ
ϻû˵ʲôС˵ʵ˵öԣһ׳գǰ׳գôǧܵأһ·ϰҲڲͣ˵ǰ׳գǸŮ˵ʲôãҪҪϧĻش𣬶Ƿǳذ׳ա
СӵĻҵ˵һϻᣬžһ˵ƫƫţͷϸð˶󶹴ĺ顣
ϿʮֵһĻûȥ룬ǸûᣬϽܣٽڿռ֮Уڿռؽûнպ£ؽȻϾʱж̣Ȳⲻ֪ϴ˶ٶµպ״ǻûлεСҪȥؽȴؽס̻Ҳסˣؽһš
ϣͻȥˡ
Ǯڴһֱӳ嵽ǮǰֱǮڻѪС𣬡˵˭ϵģ
С㣬Ҵڡ
ž
һǴڿУûдǮڵϣǮڵƫƫˣϿЩľڵʵֶֹΣǮڶЩѣС㾹Ȼʹ򣬳ʵһɳ嶯ǳâʮɫâһС㡣
ǿסˣûпǵ죬ʱǸҶڤɲһỤסԼֻ߶ţңңǬڣЩʲô˵ĴڣСղŵǹɢӦڷϢķɣ
ǮڲٷСֶ˵Ȼ׳գǣ˵ǲǣ
С㣬˴ˡ
ˣ
ϻЩеĸоֻСֵȻˣǾ͸ͷٿһֻ֣պȻɣ
ǰĻŨŨŭѾ̬ŵúܵˣСȴģС㣬ȻСʵȷʵЩǿҲûһƴ֮ϼɵңĴڣʵڲҶСңλͣȫʲôܣҪ˵С㿼ǼµģǷҶڤĪҲǺܶ˶벻׵ĵطȻҶڤ˸ࡣ
Ҫʱˡպ֣һӷָų˵С㣬պȥˡ
ŶԭѾϵպ˵ĳ̶ȣ㣬ȷʵ̫˷ˡСһ仰˵죬ſҪȣСһȵӣ졣
ΪҪһֵأϧС˵ţתԳ˵ңպģ


1847 ϧԯ
ңպģ
ȫȻû뵽СôҪһ߼ϵܣһ߲С㣬Ϊʲô
кôкô
СĻǹֱӵģ仰ȴģϲ֪С㿴ʲôҪǸŴӦСҵĻǴ˴βȥڣͲж⡣
ǣϲңкܶ࣬Ҫȥ뱻ԼסԼܱ¶ĻʵȵȣǿȴԸС㣬ϻ治֪λشŭֻĸϻпǲ롭
ͬ⣿
С˱֮⣬üڿռûбƷһ㣬ٸһᣬʽΪת
ںתɿСԽԽƽ飬ȴôܾأͻأ뵽һ⣬˵С㣬ճ

С˿ȣϡǮҲɫǮ֮ǰ֪ϵ֣ɻûǷȥ룬Ͼ֮ճĿ̫ˡ
ǣʱֻ̣˵ġճʲô˼Զз֪Ǻץһɡ
֪ЦƽȴüͷҶڤǲǮڣعͷųϣ
ֱϸоԼ˸Ƶܾ
СҶڤһЦ˵ɱûɣ󣬿ڳˣȫ˸һ䡢սˣȫͣ֡
ţ䡢սٶȣϸȥǱȴûһҲһ˹һַˮĸо
¶ģȴܣĦ϶ࡢ賤ϡǮҲϣΪǱҪϸشڡ
ֻг軹ƴɱȻ豻ŭ£ǣôĶǲˣǺķŭУһ˿˿ңϲûϣƴΣ
С㿴һ˲ӿˣ⿴˿䡢սҶڤһԲ˵С㣬ˡ
˵ķ𣿡
Сһ̧֣йߣϴ˿̻ûȫָȴǽһǰӲСһʱϡۡ³һѪ
ϴ󣡡
սȳҪսϣǽ߷ȥֳַսץס˵ס֣
ϴ󡭡
ס֣
ջ˽ս˹Ҳй£϶Сȴû˵ôĬţʵϣСĹղСһо˿˿ϤϢеԺǵâɢϢֻСϢܵ滹дķܣⷨҪҪǿôһ㡣
ҲŴˣСһдڳϵģϼűЧܣһ룬ϳûһɽڿռ䡣
ȻСĹҲó˲ˣȴܣûȫɢܣһ̽ڿռ䣬ʰպ
Ҳպȡ任һ뵽СľͰպ͸˴׼պ
ҵؽպ㻹ǲϴʶ켴Ժо˱ĵЦϼʶҵôģ
˵꣬һתǴζǻʹķ˳лǻãַ֪ûã
ţԺеıЦѾʹպţؽûٹǸϽƺ֪ҪٸϾƣСҲڽָţ̻ǻ˸뵽ԼģҲڿռ
պٲܷתˡԱһ˶֪ʲôС㵹֪ϰжȴҲʲô
СԾս˵ǼңҿǳΪҺԱ⣬һʹһ㡣
㡭
սĻϸ˻ȥЦֵܣֵܣ
Ҳ˵Զˣ

ʵǺЩϧ϶֪ĽģʲôҪǴӦˣ·ߵñһҪԶһԶö࣡㣬ԯսģս硣
Сţպĳϣд𣬷׽šԯ֮սһ仰ԭЩͷţԯ
ʱСֶų˵ʵ˵㣬ҿ͸ǣǱսϴԯйϵˣõԯʲôأѪأͷأǻꣿǡ
С͸¶Ϣˣһ˽һ˵ײųϵ񣬾ڿռҲЩġѪǡ꣬ԯǺεȴڣ񶼹ͷûռȫǡ
ǿϧճ㲻ճأҲһΪһ򣬲ûбҪˣһţҪˡ
ţûȥ˵ʲôֻճʲô֪һĻΪѾûˣֻܹʲôɲңƫƫôɡ
͸С㣬ĺϧţһžս񣺡ĲԸң
ͬΪı
ǺãȻҵòģҲõرǳңС˵ţ⿴һҶڤָ


1848 ֵ
С㵭Լȫ㲻ʲôǣϡǮڵ˵ȴը˾캧ˣ
Сߵ·ҪԶԶö࣬⾿ʲôʣǺεţ
ԯսⲻȥ룬ԯ־Ѿ㹻ˣڵ׹ԣ׹ĸֻݣ
С㶼ֱԶ͸ˣ͸˵ˣ

ЩǮڲ뵽ҪЩ˶ڣǲ춴ָտɴң˵λܰϴڵæ
ǮڲǳפڴڵˣǾǾӢеľӢרȻһ٣û˵ԭ򣬵ӽɢȫٻĶϿܲ²⵽ԣ£òٻǣ϶ˣص¶ԲС
ЩˣҪشڡ
Ǯ˵Ⱥ֮УϵĿ⣬Ҳɻ󣬻о裬ҵˣʲôʱҵ˻Ǭ似ˣĪǴնɱͬţУ飬һҪʦţشʧܹøһ׵Ǭˡ
С㽫ĿҶڤջҪԳϡһºʱϷˣС㣬Щ˶ԴںҪǱ뽫شڣ
𣿡
ǵġ
һӦ𣿡
ĻҪðˡ
벻㻹ĵΪڣƾЩˣܰǴûȥ
ôأҪһԡ
Ͽı飬²ŴڿǰδеĴѣҪعȥˣѾôˣһңҲûʲô˵ģ˵滹иҵţ˵Խ˻ᣬϵĻܹתΣΪôڱӵǿ
ϼ뷨Ҳԥͦʱ䣬ڣ뵽ɲǣͶӲС˵С㣬׻˵˫ȭѵˣȻǿһڵӣƴҪ㻹Ǻпܵİɣ
ôãҲˡ
ǮӦЩڵҲǮڻĿ⿴ϣʲôʱôǿӲǺ£
ŵͬʱǮڻʹɫץὫǴشڣС㽫һж֮۵ףͷ˵ðҪҾͳȫǣѾܳʱûаιˡ
ɫһ£С⣬ͷͱ־ҪˣڰνǾ͸ˣϿϣӿһ£Գ˵ӣͬһսߵˣʲôԹȶȹ˹˵ΣϲٺСˣĦ϶֮Ϊӡ
ð
ʹشӦ˵ǳӿɷȽպɱУ
ʵڲ˼
ҡҡͷҵ뽻㣬ֻպ
ôˣ
ûˡ
ܣպıôûأ
ԭıֲô󡣡ţոպȫˣֳ֣һڿռһؽУһС֣˵̻ꡣ
ϻǲųϵĻ˵ţСȴ˳һۣ˵ܵõԯ֮ˣȷʵЩŹ֣
СҶڤ˵㲻Ҳսǳҵˣ
ҶڤϢ̧ǰȥһ̤Ŀ⣬ǱߵĳͷŭغȺҶģҪǸ߹ȥҾͻԶ㣬ԶҲԭ㣡
˻һҶڤŲһ¡
СЦ޾ͺްɣޣǸĿĲҪ޵ԽܱԽǿ𣿡
Ҷڤüͷ壬Ȼǰ̤˽Ų
ϾȹҵҪǳϣˣͻƽ֮ҲǳϵĹͣûгϣûڵңҵĶˣҲҵֵܣɱұ
ߺţһ߹øˣǱ߾䡢ս֣޵һȫǽŵģһսܹɱС
Ͽţ˵ţֵǣлл
ϴ˵ɶллأˣƾСǶܹǲɣ
ս˵ֵǣС㲢ûзŭ˵Ҫ㻹ǰǸսһ˵Ҫ㣬ֻɱˡ
ϻ˵㲻Ҫ͵ΪȡᣬֻҪܰȻͻشڣҳŵֻҪҲǰڣ
ϴʲô˼
ϣֵܣ
Ͽž䣬ЦǵģֵܣΪֵܣԣǱţϵĴ㣬þһ˶뿪ʹһˣСƴɱһء
Ҳߣ
Ҳߣ
߰ɣģӦе
ϣǻŹ𣿡Ц˵˿СˣСǶôǿ󣬳ЦŹðˣˡ
߰ɣҪ˭ұأ
ұ𣡡
Цţȵ⽣Ľն
ŭѪ񽣣ն
һǧ

ⱩֱС㣬սҲûͣ£֮ϣ˶
ƴɱһ
ʱһն£ȴɫ䣬ˡ


1849 ն밮
ߵȥԸСˣΨ볣⣬ףȥΪҶڤȥ
߳ųǳǱߣץɱȥϣܲһ·ȴϳҶڤΪŭƸߵ˸ľ磬Ȼһնһ
ǳӡ
Զǽ̺ҲԶǣߣȴѪѪⱬŵϢˣһˣȴǡ죬˫ը
Ҫ
߾Уһն£ͣ޵ֿģ߱롣
ǡʱͣϢ
ͻһĻԶǱѾĲսͣĽڿУȴûնȥΪСסСûз䣬佩֡
С۾ȴǽų裬ҶڤҲͣǰ̤ĽŲתų裬¶οЦݣСҶڤ˵ĿĴﵽˣɹˡ
ҵĶӿ϶ɹ
Ҳӡ
ŭţ˵ȻڷŭĴ̼֮±ԽնɱߣҲᣬȾѪһѪ˶ϵ˿Ҳ⣬һ֮𣬶Ҳ˺
ЩȻܣôó޵ĿҶڤȻߵ˳ߣҶڤ˵ҪɱֵܣȲҵʬȥ
ҶڤЦţЦȴޱȵأӲ˵ģҪ֣Ļӱǡ
СЦ˵˼䵽ⲽأѲϵ֮˿Ǵˣӵģȴ֮˽ֵܣ˼̫˼ˣҶڤǲ᲻ְҪҪҰأ
ЩڵľǳˣԼ˸ôƵɣҪ˵Ǿ仰ƻվˣʵԼԣûʲôǣȴôˡ
ûгں֮УΪٺҲûãֻоȥƳǰƣĿǰõͻƵ㣬ڳϣûóƾֵĴ㣬ǶѾǱ״ɻڿռԳ˵Ĺĵ㣬֮ǰ˵Ƿֻһִ̼㣬ͻƣøǿֶζѣսΪá
ҵ׾Ϊģ
ųǺĻҶڤһ̾Ϣȴ˵裬ǿѪ⣬ΪʲôᵽЩԲɺϣǿѪôϵһƣܸооΣգ͸ˣ˵Ҫ⣬˵ҲбƲѵĿԡ
أûȴüͷ˼Ҷڤȴ˳һۣЩ⣬ȴţϧճҪȻֵܣֵܣɲ֣Ҳ˵˵ѡ
ֵ˵ֵܣԣҲ㣬뿪ɣú̸̸֮Ӧܹ⿪ġ

ȻҶڤ˵Ҳ֪ͳʲôԹҲ֪ʲôֻ֪ҵֵܣҵĶˣǾ仰Ҫ֣ҾͻԶ㣬ҪɱɱңǺأ֮ǰȣѾ˲١
ֻǵѪĽȻ֡
ҶڤŨüųϣ۾˿ɻ󣬡Сǲǹô˵ΪóΪ
ǣҶڤ˰죬ڳϿľϣûһ˿һŪֶεӣСģ
СûвͷϷЦݣ˵裬ɣǸԲҲң쿴㸸ףܸˡ
Ůˣұ죡
꣡
һ˿̶죬ȴǾ֧ŭֱնȥҶڤɫ䣬һڳǰһȭŭ飬ȵʲô
ңȻҪɱˡ
ҶӣҪɱҶ㲻
СһЦҪɱƾʵ㻹浲סҡ
𣿡
ÿҺƴˡ˵ųȥλõСĳޣҶڤĳ˵й֮޲
ҶڤϽöӳȥŮ˾ɱ˳裬ԣ۳ôôҶڤ֡
һ˿ΣﲻϣСڣһƴɱö֣ϡǮ˵״ڼȲõңܽǴȥ
Сȡ߾ȫƣСóѣɻûгɹСȡһ֧Ľ
һģֱȳһ֣
ȻĽûбǱСúõץǾоԼҲ۳֧Ľ֮ϵûˡ
СԾ˵Ȼ˵ߵøԶǣڸҵĶ֣ңߵøԶǻ£ʧ£⣬䣬·͵ΪֹˣԶҲߵԶ
˵꣬С㽫ĽնϣϵʱתǬתľʩչǬһָСֱָĽָȥСʱüʵǬһָ


1850 Ϊ
Ǭһָ
ȻʣСı飬ȴޱȵؿ϶ҲΪ϶СأǬһָǬڵ似ǬڵãǱ͵ѧûӦĹҲѧľ裬ǶǣңǬڵ֪зǬڵʹǬ似Ǭڱض鵽ףĽǱնɱ
ǣһȻܲ㣬ȴǻʵǬһָǳˣֻǬ似浽ײʲôС㿴ųһָĽľ룬ԽԽԸѾܱǰǰĳȻ̬ˡ
ĽѾǾĽˣСһգĽģɢϢֱҪǿǧ򱶣ǣĽûһ˿һ͸й
ҲǽܶСָĽӲȥ
飡
ۣ

ͬȴǳָײ˽ѪĽ飬ӵɶȥͬʱǿнȥĽ³Ѫȵǧ
ս˿ȥǮڱҪ֣ȴסϴ˵ٵȵȿǸСڣҶڤ᲻ܵġ˵ϵ˫ȴûͣϢڼţǮһһʱס
ȻϣҶڤȵ֣
Ҷڤûзţڶųϡ
𣿡
һʣԥأԼͱȥһٵģҶڤ״Ͻ£Ͳܺú˵ɱôһ¶
ߣ
һߣμ˳ϵǰ棬ҶڤüͷýղҪһ㣬ӾĻˣѪԣΪֵ߲嵶Ǹ溺ӡ
ҶڤţȴǽĿС㣬Сʮָ㣬䡢ս˵Ĺ飬һͿ
ȴüͷΪоСĹУйʶĶС֮ǰ˵ĻЩ
ǱߣסΣü価˼Ҳоָо׼˵ȾĸоǵڶθоСʩչĹϢ
зǶҿֲһһ٣һŨһ˵ǶȷʵȷߣСڽԼķתǶĹ֮У
Ѱ˼ŵͬʱСҲѰ˼ţ˾˵Ĺ˱Ժûм趼ûȥܣֻǶų˵ԭõԯ֮ǣֲҵĹӦûûȫõԯ֮ǰɣ

ﷴţȴǽС͸Ѫ֮еܵȵȣȫɽڿռɵḶ́Ҳǳϸһ̡
Сûᣬ˵ԯ֮ǣǬ似֮ˣ˾Ȼ˺ĻԵӵдԵ֮ˣɲôġ
ƽȴͻգҾһԣ䣬Сֱӽó϶ãоСŨɱ⡣
ʱ䡢һֱС㹥ɱȥԱߵϡǮڵǰϴȵǶס֣
ϴ󡭡
ǳģ
̤ǳ֮ɫСȥһƣһһ⣻ҶڤҲ֪Сʲôգ࿴Ҫǻ˳һұضŹңֻҪһԿϷͳɡ
ǣһ̣ҶڤɫСأ޷ǣֻΪĶӳ裬Զӵ⣬ӾԲġ
ţҶڤ֮ɫͻͳǰΪҶڤҪСɱȥȵӣһ
ճҶ
һ䣬Ҳɫ΢䣬ٶȾת˼£ҪȥС㶼ûжģɱȥֱü
Ҳǰɱ
ֻǧ֮һ˲䣬Ҷڤ˳Ҫֽ˦һȥȴǺһ£еѪĽˡ
ܣ䡢սǶһ裬ҶڤȴûаӰ죬Ҷڤȴ֮ɫֻΪⱬըܣٳС㡣
棬ҪҶӣԶҲòѣҶڤü˵ҲɱӣΪ㱨ɱ˳Сӡ
Ҷڤһ£ӻɶ˻һȥҶڤӾҪϣӻָʲô¶Ҫöͣ£͵ñ֤ϵİȫ
ڴˣҶڤкǲȴòܣ˵ˣԩͷծֻǳ֮ˣ֮ˡ
Ҷڤ溰һ
һ
Щ⣬ȴѾϵ£ǿóվں棬˵䣬ս񣬰ѳҿס
ϴ󣡡
ǿס
Ϻ棬˵ʲôһ
ܲڵ㣬ܲ𡣡
˵꣬ҶڤһЦͣ£Ҿ͵ͣ£ûʲôĻҿǲͣµġЦݣһѾó˵ĸо
ҶڤɫӲ˵ҴӦ㣡
Ӧʲô
Ҫģ

ЦҶڤҶڤҺô꣬ŴξΣ֮ʣôİ㶼û˵ҪӦң죬ȻΪĳ˶Ӧң̫˼ˣĪ𣿡


1851 һ棬Ǿ̰ɣ
ҶڤĶԻϸо˵Ĺϵֻ²ô򵥵ģĳֽף֪ҶڤӦʲô
ļҶڤûʲô飬ֻ˵ȷʵϣڱˣ
һÿǿǡ
˵ЩŭҶڤζ棬ҲڿǣһնɱôණһĴԵһЩԵ
ֻǣҶڤӦģҲǳҪǿһεġ̥ǡô꣬ΪҶڤܹӦ£񳯻ѵȴҪĻֻԺ޻᣻ҪǣһˣټҶڤҲһĻһӦ
ų˼ס֣ӵдԵ֮ˣȻһҲòԳ˵һηŹ㣬һΣɾûôõĻˣϣܳɳÿһ㡣
˵ţԳЦЦݻЩⷬȴоǳϤ˲ǸΣҲܹŹ֣ҪϷˡ
ʱЩ⣬ǾһɣϴҪϷ˵ģ´μʱһһϲġ
ϲҵţ
ɵ˵ȴֲԤУŴԵˣ׿ˣҳɳ治һĿ졣
ǿн֮ѹȥлԵҲлԵɳ죬ҾҪɳ죬ң㱾ͱߣܾ
켴תľѾָЦŶҶڤ˵ŽĶӣŪҶҪȻܽΪΪˡ
ԣ
Ҷڤתˣ濴۾սûٳ֣Եϵս񣬳ϲӦϲӦҲͲӦתһȦתصҶڤϣԾս˵õĶûеòģΪòģᱻһСİɡ
ɨһϵˣ˵ôԼδ£ӰѾƮҶڤ֮ǰˣҶڤͣ˽Ųתӣӡ
ǡʱҲҶڤ
ĿԣдȰзŭһ˿˿飬˿ת۱÷ŭڸǣҶڤȻ¶Цݣ˵ͣߵøԶģȻҶڤȡһ֧٣볣ǰնһ
ֻ飬һ˿ζ
ϣҶڤһЦתȻȥҶڤҪʲôԹ޻ڣֻҪӹúãÿģ͹ˣ
ϻǷŭĳ裬ǻתȥıӰ۽ȴΣɵӣ˵ģҲһ䶼ûߣȻ˺ܴĴۡ
ͬʱȺеˣǿųӰ۾˺üء
Ͻڳϣ˵лл㡣ףҪǳ裬һȺˣܻģֻ޼ԼҲһӵѣΪɱ⣬̫Ũ
գգֵۣܡ
ʲôҪҺһȥ϶ҶڤԶȥķ˵֪ʲô˼ûлشڵģҡ
жЩζȴһҺֻһҪȻ겻ɣѾǰ϶ˡ
ŵʱ򣬳ϴǰȥ̤ǰһ˵ӣдţ̵ܹʱٶȻصڡ
˵Ҫȥ𣿡
ӣղš
Ҹղ˵ҪҵֵܡǾߣҺֵǸղųֺðƴɱʱʲôڿϷ˵ߣǽߵ𣿡
ͷһʣҲŭȻоŭڿռðŵļ󣬿ɳϻŭˣ㻹ȥڣ
Ǯɫ䣬仯֮УͻضųϺȵȥȥҲȥȥҲȥ
𣿡
طʵźѾʩչǬһָָϣͬһ˲䣬ոսպؽڿռն¡
ԳһָûӲղĻԯ֮ǣңϾһУһָȥĽƻˡ
ԣӵţ˱ӳһ޿հ׵ĶȻˣȴûжٵģŵó֮ɫ
϶ˣ䡢սȻһԣǷƴɱҪеķƣȫɱ¾ϴˢһ㣻ոնʱûгֵ¶ȵȣϽ֣ҪùֲĦ϶ˣҲϿɱȥĦ϶֮ء
ƣƣƣơ
Щ޶ϼ״ЦӣȰ㲻Ҫ׷ˣ֪ϷӵʲôǾдɱƬƬ֮Уǣȡ֮֮ߣһƵǧԣǰպϷٺϷȥڰɣϷڻ룬һɾͲ֪ɶˡ
Ƭȡ֮
һ¶Цݣȷʵô˵Ʋ꣬Ҳն
ʶʱΪܡ
⻰ΪϴӦҪȥڣлòʱﴫһ仰Ҿ̰ɣ


1852 һƬ룬
Ǿ̰ɣʲô˼
һʱЩתֻϵָȫ˻ȥǿնŵؽҲɵ衢ǱߣһΧǮڡ
ϣѪ֮ǰֱײţ
ײôأţȴûмأǸɣϷŪʱȻƬǣϷ֣֮ܽƬײֱѰ·
ϲˣվڵš
һ˲䣬ײ޵Ķٶȶʱȴûͣͣϵȴ˵ɵûԲԲеıҽûѪɽӵ˵ĳҲûг֡
ٶ
ô¶̣
дʵʱ򣬳ϵٶָֻԭײǰղųϵٶȻЩʱ䣬ǳϽ޶ɽڿռḶ́νƬڽϵڿռһӾ͹˳˿ռȻֻһСţɳȴоڿռգһš
ҲƬĹ˳ϻָǰٶȣȻʲô¶
ȻϾͿϽȥһһƬײûˣٴˣüͷһУ˼ţ̣һײͰƬˣͨѪ̵̣֮ڿռ䣿
ϲ˸˾ŲʮǣȴˣڿռܹƬͷתǧٻأҲûףֻ뵽һܣǲͨʲô̽ȥƬѹסˣȻô̵أ
û뵽ܵ£ϱ϶Լ²⣬ų˵ȻҪ̣Ϸ͸̶̣ܹ١
ж٣̶٣
һЩƬȡƬûᣬôܷŹأϵҲĽ䱸ؼǵ˵ġš
Ȼԡš˽⣬֣ʹ֪šʲôˣϽ䱸ţɲϢŪˡ󡱣ֲ֪߽ˡš˴ڡ
⣬ϻ÷ЩĦ϶ǣ
Ǯڱ衢䡢սؽĦ϶ࡢϡƽΧƽѾ̤ˣջȥͷǳˣȻˣ͸ųߵףңԼСԳҲһ
ǮڵʵȷʵͦǿĦ϶Լˣ򲻵֮ʱʹɱ֣Щżˣֲնɱһ˹˼ɡ
ھǣΪȻôǣǮڸӲҴ⣻ʵϣǮڵȷо˹죬ЩȻżƿķ򹥻
ؽ˵ˣǾһ׺ֱ÷Ų֮µǮڣƴɱúܣ
˵Ҳ²֣࣬޹ҲͣͻƣҲͻƣҲҪԼиͻƣʱ˿̣ѾֵܽĹһѩ񣬷ֱ֬ˣһˣ˲ٵľ롣
Ǯڵһ˶ϣϣϵƴɱҪģֻҪ˳ϣʣµĶʲô⡣
ϧ˿̵ϣɫѾԽԽÿˣţһʱµƬȫѾܹһͼĴ½һβ׺ɣľޱˣǣȴû¶һ㣬ڲͣسţţһƣ״
Ӧòװģôôأ㻻ңҲЩˣպ֣뵽ϲɻȻ򣬺ȵϷպ
ôûио𣿡
ɻһͣȷʵûиоƬ˵϶պ̵ģڿռͱըˡ
Цպ̣οЩƬ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ж٣̶٣
ţϷţϷ̣
ʱ䣬ƬֱӿȥƬӿȥģŨķܣϿܣȻ湥ʱһ㣬Ͻػȡһ㵼ػУʱػֳһ仨
ֻ⻨ȫһƬ룡
ʲô˼
Ͻ֮ԺָϽɱʩչʵڶȵȴɱУϹķײȻϵĹܹвǣҪ䵽ǰסʵƵľ棬Ҫòȥˡ
¡¡
һըΧĿռӶظо˷ѹ˲Ϣ֮ĹײɢˣϵҲһ룬ʣµһСȻϹȴԳϲʲôӰˡ
Ͻһɽڿռ䣬ȡһ㣬롰ػУǱ𣿡ϸ֮ǰϵı²⣬գۼ䣬ػֳˣȷʵһҲе֣ǸΣε룬һƬ޵Ŀհס
ʲô
ţȴǲ׽ϵǣһЦ⣬ʱȫĶƻһǰײţ׼
ǱߣĦ϶࿴ϵΪҲ֪ڴʲô⣬ֻЩɻǣǡػҲܹϺСǵػУʲô仯
̹𣿡
ûأôŪˣ
ôأϷ͸㣡Ƭ
˫ּһĳժȥ֮ǰһģһȴֱЩΣգԥأ֣СŲƣ


1853 죿
СŲƣ
Դڻ˫ġСŲơСϵľݣƳڵġСŲơΣرǶϣ֪
˿̵ϣѾϵЦˣŸղųæҽعʱȻнšõòˡ
һ
ֻҪⶫضķʽȥšͳˣ
շΧڡšżϣֻҪһƾ͹ˣȻչֳ˲ٹ죬˾ȵĶԼƳһѣûκġ
һＲٷȥϷҪʩеĳЦӣ׷ѹˣϾҪˣȥڣϷͻ
ϾҪɣǲǻûг𣿡
죡
Ͽиս족£ؿһ˸ǶȣǶȲҲͶʮңǣϵɫˢرòҰס
ôܻ
ϷȥƫĶʮȣµĽȫرϾҪ˵ġšĳɲˡ
ղʩչʲôط
֮ǰôİգȻҲڷųϵңǸСָǰؽȵȣȫûиоͱƵƫˣԼƫģſ϶ͳйأ⹥ҵմ֮ͬֻҵ˺ܶ࣡ǣ󡭡
ʱ򣬳ҲȥĿǰҪȫȥһ£õİ취ǽܹóɡšĶǻٵǲɴš
һ󲻵ǣﵽô·ϣȻźܶĻᣬ˻δͿʼ˷عʲôУȫ˳ȥһ
Ҫʲô
˫裬ϵЩȫŪĵطȥƽ֮£ûѡһλãֻҪЩŪߣﱻ˾С
ǹøͣؽҲٻؽҲնȥײȥתնȵܣͬʱϻصʲôȻǻ㲼ɴţȻΪһ
ң
ʲôҵģ㣬ң֪ʲô𣿡
ԳϵʣȻϵݣﲻɡǡһ£켴תᶨŭȵϷ涼£㣿ճճҲһشһˣ
ɲҪŭˣ棬أ
˵һһ̻ͣǻ궼óϸ˳̻һ֣˸תֱת棬ǻϽ깥

۾гһߣߣ̻ľתֱӱ˸ϡã̻ˣɵ̻ûлصϵڿռȥǿȻսؽȵƴˣת
ǻĹ˵ûжãϱ㲻ǻ깥ϣֱץȥֳ˺Ѫɫ
ǱߣǮһ˿û뵽ϻôֶΣǮ˲֮УĦ϶ŬţЩϾڷ񹥻ŵͬʱ⽵͡
Ħ϶˵뷨ܼ򵥣ҪǮڳûȥһѣҪ汻ˣ¿ɾʹˣǮҲ֪⣬㸶һۣ˴
ɾʱȵֵǣƴҲȥž˻ǧ˵ģŻƳγεģĵӣǮȥ
Ǯһʻ£д¸һ֣ʱһ룬ɻһɹֱǮϮǮڲᣬֱϣӭµģһƬӰ
սӰƿһС㹥ҲǮڵѪ֮Ǯһȴûж룬ֻųȥ
һУϿո֣кɫ
һЩۣȥûжģǮţб˲д֣غȥɲʱ䣬б˴Ѫ˲ᡣ
ˡ
Ǯ֮ʱһʱǸŵϣһըˣʲôʣ£ֻʣһܽҪȥǮڣ
䡢ս״ˣٴΧȥƴǮڣǮȴЩ㱣Ħ϶Ǹڷˣû뵽ϻһУһˣûˣĦ϶˿־壬ȴǷϴȵΪʲôҪɱ
ΪʲôҪȥڣ
Ƕûж⣿
ȻˣҴӦԱ֮ʱȥΪβӦ
ҡ
Ħ϶Ҳ˵Ϊȷʵ֪ϴشʲôˣ֪ľǣҪˣҪǸˣһ˶ܸ֮ڣѾ㹻ˡ
ЩʱĦ϶ѾǮڹȥ˵֮ǰҪɱңûʹΪʲôҪȥڣûʹΪʲôҲˣһɱ˵ģ
Ҳŷŭ桢¶Բɻһ飬󹥵øˣȫûóϿƣ²ϵĺ󳾡
ϷŭˣȴûңµľƣҲΧǮڶ೤ʱ䣬ʵϣһѾ˲ˡ
ԣһҪڼ̵ʱ䣬ڵĹڼʱڴϣ¡
ԽԽռơ
ô죿
Լͻؿƽּ׷ǸɫУһ飬һ뵽һ취ڶڿռγɺڶһʲô


1854 ͣ
ûγڿռ֮ǰγУۣ֮лǺڶϣһĶ塣
γڿռ֮ʧϾ͵Ըһ˲䣬Ͻڿռ鲼ȫաʵڶʩչڿռ˳ͬʱ˫֮䣬ҲһʵڶڶĶڷǲášĹؼ֮
ʱһӴ֮йڿգ֮ǰԪ͸¶ģȳǰγɵ֮ǿ̫̫࣬ΧһȵȶڶڣԱƶһٶȻ
ؽǻȵȣٹһȻǹҲڶɣˣؽתϹȥʵڶһֱЩңΪظоʵڶ̺ӴйΣյϢ
ԣû÷Ѵȥؽǻ꣬ľȥϣҪʩչʵڶƵƬһȥƺƵ
˫أҪȫЩҲô׵ģѾû·ˣȥڣ͵ýһ£û֣ԼϸŪһȥˡ
Ҳ˳ϵĹ˼ɣ಻ϵʩչ߿ǹؼ֮ﻹ˵ܶʩչʲôأ
һҪܹ𣿡
һʣѪֱ֮ǰҲܹ𣿡
״Щ㶣ȵ
ȷʵֻǲ֪˭̣
Ϻţһڹͨʵڶȫ̽ڿռʱһɺڶʹҪѿĸо϶кϿԥأӴܹӿ˹ٶȣʱֹͣһƶȥΪᣬϵʵڶƣ̶£׽˴¶
ңʵڶϻͿ֮䣬ܴΪͣ˵ΪʲôϷĶҪ۵ġ
ϴʲôĿģҲһЦصҲ֪ǲʲộ֪Щ̵ã̵ãȫҽȥ
֮£еԼЩƬɽڿռЩӿȥʱڻָСꡢˮȵȣԾһ£ڻ۵ԽԽʵڶ֮ͣһϢ
֮һϢûʲôɶԳ˵Ǿһߣ껹ãҪڿռʵڶͣȥĻԶΪЩһ࣬嵽ʵڶǰ档
Ҫӵɲǣڿռǿҡɽˮ͵سնתǳҫ
ʱֹͣתʵڶ͵˿ڣͻɽ˯ʨǱ죬һӽƬһ¡
Ҳһ˲䣬ʵڶѸоʧˣԸٶȳǰϷӦһʱϵı仯ˣˣ
ϱ˱߼֮ǰӴĹ֤һԼĲ²⣬ܿ죬ϱ㿴˽Ĺײڳ˫ּʵڶϣʵڶֻҡ˼£žͰܸ˽ȥȴû¶һ
Ѱˡ
ɫü࣬벻׳ϵڿռ便ʲôȻ͵ܶ£һ£벻׵ǣϵع֮£ǸʵڶɢܣԽԽǿˡ
ô
ϲ֪˿̳ϵڿռǸʵڶѩһԽԽʵڶڱǿʱɽڱǿڱߣ±ø貣ǳӡ
ʵڶܴһ￪ʼƶٶȻ죬ɫ䣬Գϼһʽ֮󣬲ϣץȥ׼ܵˣҲҪץС
ʱǮֿҪΧȦ
ʲô
ŵʱؽ͵ؽ죬նһʽڼڼɢܣϲСԣؽնУóϻУܵ˾ͻᳬܹܵĵߣԣϲòӦؽ
ͣΣ
ٴ֪ϣѾܣؽײһ𣬾ײ䣬ϺȵźһȦ⽫ס
һãϵʵԳڵʵܽϴĵ궼ģڴ
ֻǣ˫۴ݳǿ־壡
ΪϿȥıܣӽסֹͣתؽնñ飬ֱն£⻹صģǲôĹؼһ͵ػһ⣬ϱȥ
ֹȴ
ۿһҪʵڶǮڳ˳ʲôҲܣͶʣڿмʱһ֡
Χκ֮ƣΪǮڵӣѾնµܣѸײڶ֮ƳǰץǲôŵĹؼ֮
ϼ״ϣֻҪǮв֮ʱڰˡġĿƣԥնɱϣҲʱϽ̽ڿռǮڵıʣǱдġ֣˸ɸɾ
Ǯ˸գͬҲˣ뿴ϣЦŶǮ˵ллıʺ͹ˣдǸֵʱûвԾ𣿡
ָǮףǮɫ䣬ǿӲ˵ΪҪòԾҵΪԵģģ

⻰Ժﲻһ⣬ڷ׽š


1855 âȼ
ҵΪԵģģ
Ϸ׽仰ֱ⻰ǳҪͬʱҲǮڵ֧ʣһ̽ĲášĹؼ֮ǺúõشһߣӰ졣
ܹٻ£ûǲҪٻϾһﻹдõģڵСָ󣬺Сһооأ봫ʲôͬܲŪһ
ڳ˼ŵʱؽѾ˻ڳߣǻ͵̻صڿռһڱ˹Ǯڵĺ󷽣ʣµԸƴɱš
Ǯ۶ųϣȴ÷ŭŪ࣬Ϊֹ˵ʧ˴룬뵽пǱߵĴǰͻȥϻֹסط
ԣϾٶȥˣʧܣĻͱý£Ҫٶȣشڣ˷һ
Ͻųϣ˼֣ýһ£ϣرպҪպУžôŹ֣Ҳкܴս¡
ϵĿȻǣģȫһ¶ץסǵ⣬Ǯڸղ˵Ǿ仰ҵ⻰˵ģҵĹ򣬼ֻ࣬һһ򣬿ɴĳ̶ֳ˵֮ͬ
ΪԵģģ
򣿡
֮ƣ֮⣬֮ɽɽɽɽɽɽӹ桢عҡ
Ժ︡һһĻоԼҪץס˺ˣͻһ㣬ֻǣ˲ٸϼ˼ȥĻˡ
ϡǮڶƴɱʱȻģɴûһζңûٵȥɱȥһؽǰն衢󹥻
ϣˣסߵˣųڸϣңֻҪϵ˴ڣЩȻͲƴɱˡ
Ǯڼ˵תɱֵһڵɱУǳȥϼƣһһһģ㽫ؽĵһȥͬʱ̽ץȥ˵Ϸ߰ɡ
Ҿվߡ
ǿɲ㣡
ץ£ϼ֮ңؽȻȫϻأȴǲץȥʱϵָѾˣǼʽѾץס˳ϣ˵ҵģȻҪɵң֮⣬˭ҲܣⲻУУȻУزУ

ֱ˵ĻЩ죬ǣҲûȥôָ࣬ʵץڳϼϣؽն£һﵽԶ
ֵĵһоϱоǿ΢ʱȴҪָѪ棬һ㣬Ȼնɱ˳ϣóЩҲ˴󰭵ġ
ڿ㻹Ϸߣ
ϺȳˣָԾ֮УΪָûвýȥϵѪһڣڽָסʩһɷָ
ҾôȻҲ
ϼ˵һЩͷԵĻиǰųϵϣϲնȥﻹЦǿΪ𣿻ؾڣϷ߰ɡ
ϵĻһ̧ͷ˫쾫ӣ͵ؽ϶ֱֱԺǵâ˲õ£ȼһ
Ǻ
ǵâȼգ
һĻޱȣȴûʲôое񣬶˼棬˵ˣأΪؾӦ
ɢɢԺڿռÿһɽˮ¡ǳȵȶڻ
˼Ϊ죬ΪأΪȻ룬⣬ǵǱʣ˵ǹ򣬱Ƿ򣬱ǡ
˵ǵâȫȼյһɶһ˿ĩҲʣ£ǱѾҪ³۶ҲʧˣĸоûˣտҲ
âҪȼմһ䣬ȴһĸоֻȼյĹâĲǴأǳϵڿռ䡣
ڿռ䣬Ҳ˲Ϣ䣬˸
ǿΪĵĻѾչԲ˰ף֮ĸ߶ȣ˾ǧףǿ˸ߣ˲֦೤ƬҶӣǹͺͺɽȻɢɢسһЩ̣һЩ棻еڿ΢̫ӽޣڿĵطȴǸŨǳ࣬һգһգģֻգúգһ¾˯˸һ
˱仯˵ڿռһαǿǻһȻǻ̵֪ø࣬ϾԽ׵ؿǵֿ˱ǿջЩǻˡ
СָٶȣҲȻӿ죻СڡСŮ̻ꡢˮȵȣűȽԵı仯Щڿռǿġ
Ȼڳϸоڿռ仹ǲɱڿռǻֲĸо΢һЩ
ڿռ仯ģ棬ȴϬ
ڿռɢڳѪգۼ䣬ɢץڼͷָʱʱϻ˵ţϷͲβס㣡
䣬ֱָɣϻָǵıҲ飬Ͼˣھ֮Уƻڱܵϲնȥ


1856 һ˿ź֮
һʱڿռѾϵȫɢȫÿһ䶼ûзŹɢʱ򣬳ϴʹĸоȽǿҡ
һ㣬ϲǷϲ
ʹǾ˵ǿڹ֮Ļϣøǿڻʲô壬ǾͲö֪ˡ
ԼڿռﵮԼȻҪȥӦҲ¶һˡЦϵѾնڲ
ǿϸնΣ߾Уɵָأ֮йע˸͵ܡ
飡
ƻδʵնϲ㱻ǲѪɢγɵȦˣһΣǷϻزʩչȥܣƵˣȻȫƣƵֻһС֣ϵȴھˡ
֮ǰܹܣѾ֣ȴϣڸǱ䱾ȻܹƿܣֻȦȫƵòǻҪࣿ
˵ʲô
ʳ˻ش𣬡˵ղĶпܱȷƷ׻Ҫߣ˲ſҲøǿǣôƾż仰أУʲô
Դˣǰ˼⡣
Ȼ֪Ǯ˵Ļ˵Ļֻǳϵǵѣǵâػ֣佣ģĹټϳϾµĻ۵ȵȣҪ׼Щ׼֮ʱϲץסܵȼҪûЩ׼˵ĻҲҶˣ಻䡣
һȦͽϸû˷ܵԣ֮вٵźźĻۻûڲܱ
Ҫǻ㹻ģܽǵȼչâĶȫ͸³ģؼǼ֣ͺ񻭳ȴûе㾦һǻ˾Ϲƣڿռ仹׳٣ҲǽϷ㹻ˣôҲҪܵСˡ
ڿռ䣬ҲóָоڶλҪٵĸоЩƣֻо̫ǿңڶΡ֮١Ľ٣һβ̵ľ롣
ǰ·üͻ۰
ţؽصڿռͬʱϻǰ߳һȫǲأһ
һˣʶԼˣѹסˣлӿɻ󣬡˵ҲͱסģȻһЩ˼飬ʲôԭ򣿡
͵أɫ䣬³֣𣡡
ǮһֱɻϵĹΪϵҵȵȣУӹΰϸϽ쿴ȥһǱѹס𣬱ʼǿ˲٣ʱڷѹƣҪƿ
⣬ʱˣ˵߹㣬һģǵòϣ˰ɡϴ˻˵Ժ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ϵһ
һңʱǮһȣϣסڹ㣬Ҫ˼·ߣ
ԣ
éٿ֮УͣסӣųϺȵƻϷ򣬾µĶΪϷȫ𣿡
򣿡
һЦûϣǮ˵֮ǰҸ֣ڣ㣡˵꣬ϽǸڿռһͷġ֣˳Ǯڡ
Ǯڼ״۾гһ죬һ˵֮ңӣΪ𣿡
֮֮֮Ϊ֮֮㣬ãӦ֮֮£Ǯ״ĵطըǮھֱըƷɵһߣѪ԰ף͸𾪣ȴų˵ǷʮֿڵĻ
㾦ЧȷʵҪϲ١
˵תͷϣһҪ󡣡
ʲô
ʵʶ˳ϵĹոģɧȻڽѹ𣬿ԽԽʢˣˣϼæ
뿴һڿռʲôӵġ
Ϻǰ뿴˵ڿռģһԱȣʶøһЩκǰʵ뿴Ҳ
ʱȴһˣϸղŵõǶ㲻Ҳȷһ棬ϸǲȱǰԪҺϢڿռ䲻٣㲻ݽߣԪҺ
룡
϶Ȼܾ뿴Ϸڿռ䣬ŶûУϷԶӦ㡣
ԣЦ˵Ҫ󣬶ԣ𲻴ӦҺθأ˵ţϼһʽֱϡ
ϸовϢٶʩչţҪ⡰ͨռ䴫ĵطȥϵæµֵˣҲͦȤġ
֪УܸΪʲô
ֱϲùɾѾ룬ϽٵĴͨǣһȥ㱬ըӴֱϿٵĴͨը˸ϡá
һֱάͨϣҲˣӾѣǱ֮˵ڵܣ봫ʹģҪۣ
ϼȭһǰϸϽıܣղŴͨըѶŪƬȫһţȥ
űܣ˵Ҫӵ½ǲĻǲռ䣬һ˼ɣȭͷ֮ƣƬ飡


1857 ر
һ·񣬳ȭͷ֮ɢıܣѵƬȫϸɽڿռϿȫסֻšµȵ͵ӿߴ˫ȣӰռﴩ
ȷҪ𣿡
һʻϵĽŲ뵽Լ뵽뵽˴ڣһߣѳϴشڣ޿ܣҪǣ뵽֮ǰʩչġġҪǽڸոմһĻ£Ĵӱߡ
˲ôһ룬תӣųϺȵӣ㲻Ҫң
ұ㣿ͷβ˭ڿƣ
һʣȭϼ൲ʵϵıǿȷ²ģһҲģȻûǰţǷȴһݣݣֱֱϣԽԶܾͻԽǿ
Ʃ磬ǮڶبžΪϱǮڷ֮ϣߵԶܹѹסǮڣƩ磬ߵøԶȻߵ˷һƷ׵Ĺɴ˲ʵǰ޼ɵĹóϸоʶ֮
Ȼ˱ȴⲻ˳ϵġȭܣƷףϡȭıȷߣڿռϵֻ಻٣ֻ߲͡
ȻǱѹˣڿռˣѪĦ϶״޻֮ǰĲԣ뵽ԼΪ̰֮ӿ޺ڣҪǼ֮ĲԣֻɹѾԶ˰ɣûдӦҲȷػȥһˣˣҲ䵽˵ز
ʱ߳ŭضԳϺȵΪھռϷϷһС
Ա
ǣ
Ŷʩչ
ԴȴûʩչԥȷʵһУȴʩչ˵ʾķϣڿռҿһҳŵڿռ䣬⣬ٽǸ󵽱𴦵Ĺһ

뵽֮ǰϣȴ˹ŭЦʲôʱϷҪˣ
ʵģϣĦ϶࣬賤ϣ棬żʱʲôҪʵޱȣǿƴɱʱನҪƴֵܵסĴڣڣŶʱ䣬Ħ϶ֱоһƵģֻεǲǳϡ
׽ſɬζĦ϶ȴǲܲ˵سɤӣϴϣҪʲô͸ǲܱӲģҪ鶯֮
ǮһȴǱĵ˵鶯֮պң鶯֮Բܣ
ߣر֮Ҳϣ㲻Ҫ鶯֮ҶҲɾһ㣡˵žץȥʱǮںӣҲٳڿռ䣬Թۿҵڿռ䣬⣬ĹҲܽӣ
ǮڵĻЩ΢΢ʱȴںȵǮڣ̰ΪҪͷ
ϣ񣡡
ϷϷǵúѵΪͷͻӦȥ𣿡
ٿһԡ
ˣϷиһݵķ
žǮȥǮûаУһΪļʽһԾţԷǮͻɱУߵǰ˵һῴҲһ飡

ǮڵͷɾؽԼĹһȻдš֣ûоܾһҪۣⱾӦû˼
˾ֹǮں˵һ裬ǣµľƣӲԲˣԣڵġ鶯֮ڵġֻҪóϵȥʲôܹµģ
Ǯڷſ񣬳ϲ̽ȥصһۿ˵ȿ˳ϲŷ֣˶ڿռ俪ڵ
ٶҲǮڻ亹Ͼֱȥ˭ţǮڴ˿ȫûзд㣬ҪûǮնɱǮڹԱ
ȳϵע뿪֮Ǯڲһȴûж֣ʲôĿģ̽ңԭ򣿡
Ǯŵʱ򣬳ѾҵǮڵڿռ䣬ԭǮڽڿռ俪ؿϣҲһ֮٣Ǯû׾ٵ˽ȥ
һȥüͷ
Ǯڵڿռ䣬Ҳ٣зԲʮңֻǣڿռûɽûˮû˵ʲôǳˣ֮һƬհף봢ָĿռ̫̫࣬ࡣ
ǮڿռŵһЩҲûл
Ҳ̫ˡ
ĬţȻˮ˵Ļ϶Լڿռ˵ľԲһȴû뵽ԭر𣬿ռ䷶ΧСͲ˵ˣ˵Ч÷棬һﶼܷţһܷţѾԼɽϵЩСݡ
˵صزǳô֪ҵڿռӣҵڿռ䲻ǿڵˮô仯ǺǮһڿռܲصأ
ʵڿռ䣬ʲôʱܴŻ
Ǯ۾һ·ץҪһ㣬ȴǸһɴûץʵشųϣˣڿռͻƾʮ֮ޣܴŻˡ
ͬʱǮϣ۾Ҳ


1858 һ
۾Ϊ뵽ܹ¾Ƶ⣬ǮڣΪǾˣԭΪ̬¾ƣ֣һþ֣
Ȼ㶼⴦Ϸ򸶳Щۣʲô¶˾ģҪʩչһУǮڣ׼
׼ŵʱ򣬳ϻţͻƾʮ֮ޣ
ǵġ
ڿռ󡢱ǿģ
Ϻ뵽Ҫ⣬ǮЩɣϵӣҲǿٳڿռģҴɡպʡڿռ仹ȻҲ̲Щӵڿռĳӣ᲻֪ڿռǿأ
ɻɻǮڻ˵йϵѪȣСʵߵ͡ţԽüͷԽû˵ʲôȻǮ˵ݽߡΪ˥һʱ֮δָڿռ˥ͻήпȫʧ
ʧ
Ͼţû⣬ȴЩ⣬񻨲ľһʧȥ⡢ϵȵǻҲֻпή
ֻǣղǮ˵ģǮѪȵȥڿռ䣬ϵȴǲϵΪַ֮
ֽǮڵĻ׽һ飬ЩˮΪʲôһ١ٶظԼһҪ֮ͣ٣ֱڿռԲΪڿռͻ˻
ˣڿռʧǰڿռյʲôҵڿռʱԲԲʱֻģ
˵ǮڣĻбҪȥڿռһЩĴָ޴֮࣬Ҳڿռ𣿡
ʣǮڵͫ͵طŵÿҰһ۹⿴ųϣд˲˼֮״ǮǱϸŪͿˣһ񣬻ǻشһ㣬ڿռȴָ޴գڶڿռ䣬ҲһɱУҲǺҪڿռɳһ磬ͿԴҲǷǳĴɱ̷ҩ÷ˣҲŴˣв˿˲ֹһڿռ䣻Ŀǰ֪ڿռ䣬ֻЩãţڿռȫʣµҪߵĲβ֪ܵ
ԼҪܵĻ͵Щࡣ
Ϊûһ࣬Ǯ˸ǣЩһ䣬ǮҲȻˣǰڿռ䲻Լ𣿵
Ǯ˼ڣ֮УȻĸͱˣȴϴǮڣץסᣬ£һٶǬ
ʲô
˼·ϵǮڣûлصùȴϿѪȪһ㣬ѪУϵĸһɳ˲䣬ɫ԰ޱȣûһ˿Ѫɫ
շɳ˷Ŀռ;˱һѹǿб˿ȥ˻ˣҲожӿϸɳһ
ϲ²⣬ЩƬģϼһһۣԺ㸡ڿռ䡱ĸ֡
ͬʱ϶ǮڣҲȫˣ֮ɫлߣղôһ㣬ȫ׷ˣɺϣʲô
ʲôϷⲻ𣿻ʲôϽס׼
ң
ǮɻȴǴȵһ
źǾۼƬơڿռ䡱һֱϷϿǮûж֣ҪŭȣȴҲûжһɡ
㲻ûţҲᶯġ
ϳ˵οȻŭȴѹȥ˳ʲôԼŭ˳ϣ˿̵Ǯڣȴżҵ˼붷ԥֽ£ǰϵĹ֮ǰġ
ǰΪܹȷɹǮڶԥ֣Ǯȴָоɹرһ̸ָ֮оǿˡ
ǹ
Ħ϶࣬Ħ϶࿴ΪʱӻͳǰҲĦ϶ôһǮǰĲԾ֣²ԥʮָȾѪд֣
Ƿ𣿡
ҪѪ벻ףǮڽĶ󣬲ǳϣǸĦ϶࣬ŭ𣺡ƾǣס𣿡
ϵŭǣͻϵѹƣҡҡ׹ȴŬסΣά֡һתʱǮڹֺ䵽ɻûײһ־ͱѿǮҲɳȥĦ϶࣬ٶȴһһѾڳϣϸ档

һĻϷЦΪɹˣӣϷĵһˣӦøеңúܣϷʹشڡ
˵ֳ꣬ǮǺȵʲô鶯֮õģһˡѽ˵ı֮ȷʵЩңǱߵƴɱҲͣ϶Ծһ˵һ߰ɣڵǡ
˵һأ
˵ţһ£ռԵޱȵףһ£ûӰҲ֪ŪǸƬˣϼ״Цûõģ
ȻûãĶȴˣնսҹѪնһ๥һ
ûõģ
ЦȻֹΪһ棬ϵҲûţûµģ


1859 ѹŭ
ϵڡһд䡢սֹͣ˹ЩԾţ˵û¶û¶
һԵеɻ󣬲²⵽룬˵˵û¶Ǿ;û¶뷢ʣ˵ˣͻס
㽫עˡһ棬Ȼųϣһ¶ĵĵǣһ¶
˵֮һӦ֮ԱǣϷġУ㻹û¶ǿ֪Ϸġһô𣿡
޷ǾطԼڿռ䣬Ƭڿռ䴩һ·ڿռﻹķܡ
ų渵ϵĵ֮ɫʧˣȻ˵òǺȫ棬ǣȴһҪ˵˸ţڿռ䣿
ţϴЦʻִ˳⡮һֶܹ೤ʱ䣿ˣܵķɣӰ죬Ӧͦɣ
ָŭ֮ɫܵķҪǲòԥôʱˣǮڿȥȴȼ΢Ļ棬ʱ󾪣뵽˵𣬳ѵϣƺġ
ȻûǮڽ˵꣬ϾϣϷ죬Ҫ㱳ѣϷô䵽˵زֲ֮ǰûн£Ϸˡ
ǮһԽ˵ԽףȻ֪ܻԭ˫ۻǲ˵ϣ˵Ҫ
˵ˣһУϷ򶼻ʵʱжϡ
˵ţһ£ǮһˣֱԳϺȵϷǲֶܼãǰشڣ´ˣΪųӵݣ޵𣿲һǴڿռݱģ֪ʲôأѵ㻹𣿡
Ϸйһ֮ǣšһҪɱȥͬʱǮ˵ҪǻԼǴڵˣҪǶԴڻһĵĻΪϷ򻤺ú
Ǯ˼붷˿̺ϣϽϷųǣҲϾӦڵʵҲֹϣңҪֹˣϾͻ϶Ѵˡ
˼֮£Ǯһ̾Ϣ׼Ϊϱݻô˵ҶΪ˴ڣֻȡֶβһѣϼǮ״԰šһߡ
ɾһ̣ⷢˣһûöϾףϲţеϣƴȥ˵¿㶯
ǣһգȻ
ŸоˣǮڿĳǵŵģȴҵֱȻûϲԳ֮
ͷո꣬Ǯھ͸оϻй¶ŨɱϽȵϣʲô
ʲôϷµѪܵˣˣ
ʩչ˹һתϵƬ춯һȴתԽԽС
ڡһУȴü˼ϵڿռȷʵǮڴ˺ܶ࣬зԲһپʮףϢıܣһˣֻ¸սͳ˱񣬵ǶԳ˵Щܣһ̴͡
һĳƺͲѪħ½˷˵Ѫħ½һһ뵽⣬Ժо鲻Խظ֮룬ĪѪħ½Ҳһڿռܻ
²⣬óüͷչˣ²Ҳˣ²ģͲһ鷳ˣڿռķΧС˵ϱǮڵڿռ䷶Χôףʵȴǿ̫ܹ࣬ǮѹסѪħ½Ƕôһڣ
οѪħ½ﻹѪѪ죬ǳһӦȫҪǣźܶˣܶЩܹܡȥ
ЩȫתʵĻǾʵѪħ½ıǸĻ֪ϵƽжϾ
ѹѹ¡
ûбѹ£ȴֱͦ˼˵ж˵ģһҪĴ㣬ǰѪħ½ڿռܻȥԴҵڿռ䣬ǲҲħޡһ֣
֪أȷһûмȥγ˼һһغȵҪģǻۣĻۣ
һ£ϼʵڶҪȫ̽ڿռ䣬ΪµڶΡ֮١׼ʱʩչƬҲӿ˽ܽΪؽһ𣬶ںϵ߲ûʱϷһϲƶ⣬γмȱڵľ壬ϵĲӴҪˣūһ
״սһĪѹĳϣŭʱ֮ǰûпȥѹƵŭ˲䱻ȼǻԭ֮ƣӿȥ
ͬʱڿռҲðҪǵâȼգϼ͸ǵâ֮⣬ʹڿռɳ͹óһܡ
ڣϽҪŭ𳹵׸ȼ˵浱Һ۸ȻûΪͻ񣬽˵ʱգ˿̣Ҿġһһԣ
ҪϷġһƾ㣬𣿡
ؽ


1860 ֮ڿռ
ؽ
죬ϱ㽫ؽģûնУǽڿռעؽ棬ŭһйڽ֮Уķ
ҲŴˣûиоʲô춯ҲûŵʲôΣյϢǮڶšһ֪˼룬Ħ϶ȴﲻͣǧܳ⣬Բܡ
Ħ϶Ϊ˴룬ΪԼС룬ԺǵӡظҪǳ꣬ͻųꡣ
ʵϵﵹһ˿ǣ˿ûеȥע⣬ͱûˣϵͷҲð΢΢ĻˣֻڴЦ˵ʲôգֱϷġһôƣֻѾסˣҲ˰ɣ
ЦǮڸӽˣ֪Ĵ̼֮£Ѿʧ˲ǣϣܶһ㣬ҪƴɱúۣҪȻѰˡ
ϵĴЦУԺ似򣬸ȼչâ飬һ˲֮󣬴˰ֽΪһ壬ؽգϺȵССڿռ䣬Ҳأ֮ƣ
ؽն£
ûк¡ըûбѴжһһ˿̻ҪϲںƬܵˢˢնϣҪסϲӵĶҲնѡ
һ֮еĶʲôȫһ£ֳ룡
ڡһҲնն룡
ֻѵ룬תתٶȣСٶȣҲǼӿ죡
͡һһϣһʱ˲ԾԺֱӴһѶϢһˡ
ǣõѶϢϣȴôҲţٿһԤϵûתÿ죬ֱжϣ϶ҵֱ⣬ǹǵĻ
ոҰο꣬һͱѿˣ¶˳ϳֽӰϿϵһ˲䣬ϿѪˣɫˢףµƤ˥ǰһӻǺͯϵ׳ھͺһƤüӡ
˵ûǵĻֻϧ˵˺棬ȴû˵ǰ棻ڿռʩչһʲô˺ûУٰȻջܵķɣĴҲ٣˵ڡһȫնƣ롰һ֮ϵնһɶ֪ܵˣǶôء
ˣϵüϣŰϵѪڼ˥Ϊڿ֮
ǮڡĦ϶һ˶˵Ȼǰϵı²ϺпơǣǶΪҪٸغϣػٴƴɱճϱǹˡһɳҲ˶ˡ
ĻǮڵǿԴó˵ţϸشȥȻû뵽ֻһͽһն롣
ʵѾǵǮھ֮Уӿ˼£뵽ˣΰ죿Ǯ룬ǴڿռȡһƴСںɫƣ³Ѫ棬켴ںɫơ
Ⱥ֮УԵϣֱǿ۳ʵˣþȫȥϣκ󣬵˵ԣһĻһĻҪնơһ𺳣Ҫǿö࣬еĽЩƣһĻҲڵĽǿ󣡡
ˡһҲûţŭ潣նϻָƺԼϽѿȥıƬ
ʵڶһת塣
ǷֳԶ뿪ڿռ䣬ҲӴ
Ϣ䣬ڿռʵڶǰϽüһڿռڿռ䣬ᷢʲôڿռ𣿡
Լڿռʵڶϱֹȴûʵжȴӿһ仰̹̹̹ڿռΪβ̣˵ҵڿռǲһ
Ϊ˥ϣۣôؿڿռ䣬˳ϵѪ󺰣ȴвֻܱ֡
ϵڿռһϵڿռʧӰ٣ԸûиڿռǱˣ˽ȥ
ڿռʧϵڿռķΧûб󣬾ǿеҲûз仯ǣһ˲䣬ϱռˣ󣬺ռ仹һЩоĳһƵġ
ϽüͷǸҪ⣬˼˰죬Ҳͷδ飬ңҲûָܸ
ڳһֱԼĥˣĹҲ࣬ĥ׵ľͷһߣպߵǰƴȫȵ㡭ܡɱң
İɣҲɱģô˵֮ǰҲһҪֻȻֻܱأ
ϳ֣ϵȫɻһϣϱ㲻˵üһôʢˣʵǺҵˣûϵǧҪңΪһΣҾͲôʴˣڣ˵ʽչطɣ


1861 ͵컻գĶ˳·
ţϹȻ˼ֻ̫ˣȻȫһϷҲûռܹһУҲ˳ϵĸ֮
ǣԳϵʻûӦڿǣһ룬ȻСϻϣ𵽵ãϿʼ֯
ûȹϵ֯ãϾ˵ÿˣƾǰҵΪҳľѪסΪ𣿡
ôһ˵ϻɴ˸ϸģȴ賤Ħ϶࣬Ǯڣ˫¶΢΢ļɵ֮⣬һ𣬳ʱûʲôǱĬ֮£ȴ˵־˼Ըʵһɱ˲Ѫر𡣡
ϼ˵ʲô˼óɣһȥһˣֻڣҵĲǺܺõģһҪ·
˲ˣҪٲĻֻ³ҪӲˣʱ׼ûкùӳԲ˵˼һˣ˵ȥڣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ǮҲڽŵضϣаϣϲҪ֮ǰһϴԳ˵ȥǮһϴչһУиǳ֣͵컻ա
͵컻գȷʵе񡣡
ţ˵ģÿһ֣˵ʱȫ˸˵Ǽٵģ£ϻҪֶλĻϺԷûʲô
˵ˣҲںҲȫš͵컻ա͵컻աĵһоҪСݣ͵컻ա͡СŲơγһµʽʱطĹãͬʱ˷ʤ
׽˼飬ȷԼǵ˿󣬳ϲϣתɨǮڡĦ϶ȴڵˣ˵ڣ˭Ҫסҵ·ǵҪȥ𣿡
Ӧ𣬽һĬϡǮڶλӵĶ֣ܽ£ʲôȥأȻΪѳľ򣬿ȥɵӲŻأ
ȻûҾͲˡ
˵֣꣬кŵ䡢Сݼһ·óǰЦ˵һ漣ǰ漣ȫҪࡣ
ҪûɫףҲûнЩ漣ˡ
ϱл⣬ϲЦ˵ţһԵ֣ؿĿŨŨĶǿߵĳݣüǸǴŴ飬֣ûˣûˡ
СݼץţǼҲѹصĵӣһӪеˣĿȥϣţɳ̫ˣ֪Ӻʱ
ϱ뽫Լǵâ⣬˵ɻߣȴ˻ȥΪ뵽ÿҪߵ·һÿ˵ĸҲһΪ˵Ķ˾Ǳû䳤ήĺˣòʧ
Ϊģ綼ţٴǿٵս񣬻۾ﺬĳ裬ûóǷϰ֣һζ֣޵Ļ˵һʮŮɱ֣һ켶ġ
֪ʲôҲ⣬һˣųȥѰһѰҶڤϾûҶڤĸûȥҪ治ȥƴɱǾͲƴɱһпĨɱˡ
ңϻҪһǸϷ
ͬʱڣվǴ֮ǰڴϽһӦ֮ﶼüͷչȥôʱգ˵ҲӦôŶԣôڻûжĪֳʲô⣿
ԺֳˮԾյĻʱŨü͵ֱֱ˵Ȼ⣬²㣬࣬ΰ죿
˼ŵʱҶڤĳһ棬ŲȴǺһͣһȦûײԴںδ̤Ҫȥʱͻ뵽ϣѿ˵ĪǳǸСӣ
Ȼ²⵽һȴǲţԵٺãҲ˶̵ʱõɳҴȺҲô
Ҷڤо쳣תͣһ˼ȫָԭò˵߰ɣסӦҵġ
㲻ôµ˲Ŷԡ
ҶڤЦ˵Ȼȥ뽫ҪԵ飬ؿҶڤһۣǰȥҶڤҡҡͷȥԺȴһֱŶն
ٻصߣϿų˵ЦţϸȫǾɥǮڽʾ֭Ű취ȻӲԲóǾȥҪĺ
˰죬ǮҲû뵽ð취ۿѾ̤ǰȥˣǮ鲻Խѿںӣһȣ
ʲô𣿡
Ǯڻ֪ôش𣬿Ժһ⣬Ǯ͵뵽һ⣬æ˵ӣǿԺһ𣿡
ŶΪʲô
Ӹպ˳·
Ǯںһɣ⣬ȥҪȥóߣǮ⻰˵Ц֪ȥ𣿡
۳ȥǶ˳·
ǮҲִսȵ˼ǻǴһˣүү֣սԳơүүû˲죬ԯ֮ս񣬿Ƿͬһ㡣


1862 һأ
սĺʣǮûаףȻսڿȽԺ˭Ҳ֪ұš鶯֮ĵǮڸϽ˵ûУû˼ֻ˵ԴڵҪȥʲôطǶܰź̵Ķ̳̣ʱڵ
Ǯʵ˵õĦ϶ǸϽ˵һѻü˼һ£һߣߵ˵ͷ֮ԵͷΪø
˵ϡȶٳɳսв£ȴǿܽģң˫ȭѵ֡ˡһ˵ǮԴڵųĻҪ㲻٣˵ʲô¶ǻѵı
ǿǮڳϣԣԳ˵ȷʵպǵʱ䣬Ҳ̫ˣȽϽϻȥǺõġ
ԶԶԣһõģ֪ȥ

ǮһųȥʲôʱڿɲЩʱ򣬸Ͻ˵ģǱ̵֤ܳʱϻȥ¶
˵ţǮڱйȥһӦ飬Ҫȥʱ򣬳˵һ£
ͣסŲ˵ӻʲôԸ
Ը̸ϣֻһ£ΪʲôҪǸأ
Ϊ
ǮڱҪղ˵˵һ飬ɸ˵֣;òףֲǰ׳գظһ飬϶ָǣǮʵ֪Ҫܹųӡ
Ǯд磬ͦ
ûйĨǣֱ˵ֱӵĻǮף֮ǰѾ鶯֮ȥˣ硱Сɣк᲻õģ
ο֮ǰڿռʱûжڿռһ˿һҪȫɨĻҲͲˣΪ硱ĵ伮С
ˣûжԥǮóˡ硱ʱĦ϶ִǮһݵأеĹ˳ϡ
ԱߵĴӵܿ˼ɻ󣬲֪ǮΪҪôȴǸղĦ϶ཫռ似˵˳
Ըˡ
Ͻ˹Ǯ˵Ǯᣬæһ˵ҶԼ似ط֮࣬ͳͳȡдá
вˬ軹նɱһͬ飬о͸ˬˣϼ״ЦҴͲϲǿ˵ġ
δ䣬תߣ˵磬û۹⣬뵱ǡ
ϢǾͻȫ
ҪǳҲЩǣǾ̫ˣЩпкü֮ǿߣ˵ܴеõһ̤ȥأ
зִ磡
ӺǱߵǮѾںˣɲôþƣ似ˣ似ȷʵҪڵΣʲô
Ǯ֮£һڵӶԹԽ˳ǮϣҲû̬߰˵һ䡰лл˵һ·ɣ
ɴڵӸţҲĿģģҲ뵽ˣøģȴǸ󡱣Ŀǰõ󡱵Ļʱȵõ󡱵Ļʴ󣬡󡱶ãӹɣŴˣϲ̫ڽҲûжϵһڵӺɱ֡
ȥ·ߣǮڷϣһ·ʱǸȴǳûһ⣬ѭԶǮھҪ˵ȥɡ
Ǯ䲻⣬ȴˬزٳ֣۷Զȥķ˵ֻҪȥȥӦûǬڵѰɣʱܼˣʦһʵԸġ
ϡǮڵˣЩǣ֪ڵʲôѣǰĦ϶ཻػǮڿԼڿռ䣬ЩΪ
ţϱʵǮӣʲô£
Ǯڻһݣ켴˸ףصӣô¶ʵ˵Ҳ֪ǣԿ϶ǣ£ܴѣ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷ˵ȥ˴ڣ֪һԭίӣһҪȥһˣȹѣض񱨳ӡ
ʹ˱ơ
üʵô϶ңһأһҪҵˣأôһʣǮڡҲе㷢ɵ
ȷʵˣǴ󶯸ɸ꣬ķ½ϸشں󣬲ŷֳ϶ԴãܹԴõģֱǺӵ޶ûеطȥ
ϼ˵УĦ˵ӵǽżжȫشڣǵڴУǣõĶҩٲݣԪŲϣȫĸɾˡԣпǴҪĶѾٵˡ
ܣ
ǮڶȻ񶨣ϼգۣ˵˵ǶˣɳӻǶѾմ˵ǳӵĻҲĳһˣһܴķ˵йأңֱ
˵֮ɫԼǰֱĳһ󣬽˵ֱҲͳдԵйء

üͷøȴֵӣﻹиĻռ֮·Լôŵķ֪ǷȤ
ҲҪ鶯֮Ц˵ţҺȤ飬ҽˡ


1863 ֮
ϳϵ飬ռ֮·ʹŵ֪ʶСȡʵͦϡǮڵˣΪ˴ڣԸɱ֣ҲԸίȫԼˣֻΪǵĵǵԱȣҪΪ˵ˡֵѵȵȣҲԸκ£һǧЦ
ȻҲԼⷬпҪ㹻ǿʵ棬ҪȻ类ǮǹвȥˣҪĻʱ϶޷졣
ʱ򣬳Ѿȫ뿪½ķΧһεľһʮɽڶ뿪ȫһһ֪֣һ׳־ģЩź뿪ؾͨ
ֹͣ˼һӰԺ֣תȥ˵½һģ½ʲôŹ֣գһ
̤ǰĿȴգ뿴½ģкβһһɨȥûʲôһƻƣ£תڵǳѨϣһתʱкƺǳܹ룬д󾪣ɱ½̵ǿ̫̫࣬һӣ൱½ʱ仯ģǲĻ𣿡
ǳܴӿ۴˴ϡǮڵ˶оˣģǳܸ˿ȥе𾪣ȳоȸǮţŨǳܣɲһܵģȴû¶һǳ壬ĪǳҲʲôϵɣ
Ҳ뷨ϿǱ죬ȴأţǸûᣬ˵ܹڿռٴηһЩ仯΢СɻͲǧ
ûʲôֻظӿĳϣأ˼תƵ˴棬Ȼ˰죬ҲûȻŷ˵ˣˣ֪ʱ򣬾֪ˣڿռ䣬ЩµֵĹ似
ϳ˼ԼǮûȥţֻǽԼĶãʱȣǮѡĶ̵··̣ȻһЩͲôЩ·Ѿٳģȷϰȫޱȵģͨ½մΪƫƧ
ЩƫƧ֮·Ҳ˭֪ǮǾôϤͬҲ˭ߵģΪƫƧζΣա
Σգޡ֮࣬Ȼ࣬˭յһմǿܲģͱƴɱ
Ǯѡ·ЩڴڵĿ֮ڣЩƣмǮڵ߹ȴ֪·
ѡҲǮһ˼ߴڿƵ·Ƶ·Ǯڶܽһ˵ϢΪٵششڡ
С˼Ŀǰ֪Ѿȫڡ͵컻աšȵȹ似У칦򣬳ϽЩһ࣬һ飬С˵СĻѾôָѾˣСڣݵǲóǿپȴһ⡣
⣬νأãɷѰ϶Ҫ켶ϣˣһһʲô
һȦû뵽ð취ʶٻصڿռʱϻһЦԼϾн취ȴҪԶڿռܹʱֹͣʱʱ̴ۣ̿ڿռƷףȻ۵һ׶Σͷŵһٴͨ
˵϶һ£ص˵˵ߴߵȴڶ֮ٵ٣ѡ񣬳ϻûж¡
ǣȳٶڿռȫ쿴ʱ͵ط֣ǧɸ߿ϵǣ˲٣Ҳ˲٣һգһգٶȣҲǰЩ
룬Ͻⷬ仯鹦ǳܴĺôʱ˵پʱ򣬻Ҫռǳͼ֮ӦǳѨҲͬʱٳ
Щǳǳͼðһʣ֪ڿռЩǳǲҲǳеģ
ʣһ뷨ȻҽЩǳǳĲţֻһڿռǳʼ
ʱȴͻסˡ
ΪϸоЩǳĿ֮⣬Ȼǿ֮£Щǳ뷨ã뵽ˡ˳Ȼĸ֡
ڿռΪλȵһϵе⣬϶ľǾۣӭ֮ٵ٣ڿռǳǳһı仯Ǿ͵òʧˣСڡСǿɶڿռ
ʰ飬ǻ۰ɣ󣬶Ǯ˵ǮӣҪҵһЩ֮࣬һ͹ˡ
á
ǮһԥûһӿγһţϣҲҪ˵ϣͲˣҵѾ̫ˣ㹻ҩݣҵǿ԰ŵҩ㾡ָҶ⣬ֻҪҩľС

ʣ֪ǻˮƽ˵ٵ¹٣
٣
Ȼ߶ѡ
Ǯ𾪣ȴ۷⣬ѿʵģȳϻشæ˵Ȼģ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
˵˵ţϻ۾ʪʪᣬ벻һоȣһӵڿռ䣡

£ųϾˡ


1864 ٿյҩ
ӵڿռ䣿
΢΢׳͵ͷʱٲ֮ʱİʢģŸмɫشųϵĻǵģӣһŵܹڵطٿٳһڿռ䣬ֻҪ㹻ڿռǿǺʵ顣
ʱ϶ûȥΪʲôСٵ⣬ûȥ˵Ǽ٣ų˵ģֻһؼţ˷ţͣŶԳϵл⣬Ǯڿпôľ󲻽Ȼ˼£Ҫ˼һָڿռ䣬֪ˣοգ
˵ô˵ǮڶԳϵĺøеǼԼϸտʼ˼ңһ˵ĻͲŲʵնɱɸɾˣﻹйأڲΥǰ£һ߾ܣάӣǵҪӣұ㻤˴ڣһԻ˶
ϵǲ֪ԼΪʹǮڵ˼˵ĻǮ֮ǰĽ˵ϵǷǳ⣬˵ҿһ¡
ϸϽ˵˵ܺüǣٿյ˼壬ڿռĵҩרѪȵȲģ˥ϣñٿյܴ߿ڿռĳɹʣڵȥпһµڿռĻɺûʲô
еõģû뵽Ȼóһһ𣿡ϸпŵʱ򣬳˼󲿷ֵҩʲôƹƷȵȣû˵Ѿһζҩȴó۾͵
ζҩѪܹ
ѪܹȷʵѪ棬Ҳһ洦ҪȻٵҲõѪܹˡ
ֻǣΪֹ֪ѪܹģǸѪħ½ǣѪħ½ϲɱ뵽֣ʱϻڲ䷳ΪһЩҩݳʲô״ЩλҩЩλжģгɳ޵⡣
˵ţʵ֪Ѫܹ𣿡
ѪܹҵǲҼǵòĻҩгۡ
ҩȡ
Ͻּ£ѾÿҪȥҩһ⣬˳ѪܹһõЩʲôһ˼ʵѪħ壬֪٣
Ѫħ壬һĲ壬к֧ܶڵѪħǰ֪࣬ȥ˺δ֪ǣͬѪħвͬ츳ܡ
֪޲ԣ޲ϸٿյأҲ˵Ϣ˵󣬳ʵ֪Ѫħıվ˭ֻĹ֧ţ
ǰ鹬ɺ鹬棬鹬˥䣬ѪħҲʱ٣ټϸأѪħΪ֮־ı仯Ͳö֪ˡ
ʲô
鹬񻹴ڣֻһС
ڣϽü˵ӦȥһѪħ½ʲôʼڵģ鹬˥䡢ѪħٵʱһԣѪħ½ǻˣûл٣Ҳò׼ȷ𰸣ܹõģǷˣֻǲ֪ںδϣǱߣʱĴ𰸡
ﻹʵ鹬ԭĵط𣿡
Ȼܣ鹬ڴѾռݣҲΪ鹬ţܷչģڴ˵
˵šڡʱԺ򽫡ҩȡ鹬Ĺϵ˳һ飬һ½ֲ֮ģ˵ӣѪħ⣿
Ͽϵʣ뵽ԼðųˣҪų˵ڣȥԶʧǾʹ˴
Ӧ֪ܵԯĳˡûˣתƻ˵ֻʣˣٿյĵҩռˡ
ӣһŬȥռģ˵ٿյĵҩռҪռҲһѵ£
⣬һ㣬һᾡȥƣƲɣɲܹҡ
ȻµٵĳӶɣҲûжˣҲֻˡЩʧ䣬˵ǿɲһ

ָָ˼գ˵ҲܸǴϲʱϵĻ£ϴ˾٣ҲڸȻǰǴܹȹѡ
ܹڿռĵҩûǿڿռĵҩ
һ䣬ʹһ룬ҡҡͷû˵
ֻԼĥˡ
ǱߣڵĵǣﶼһŹâ飬ȫǵɣҶһһһɨ֮뻳ɽڿռ䣬߶Դڵ˵ֻҪṩҩģұơ
䣬һ𣬡ӣһźԪ裡
ʲôǺԪ裬˵
ϺԼĲףֱ˵˳Ȼ¶ɻȴһһʮ˵˳֮󣬲һ̾һԪ裡
˫оâ֡


1865 ˽ʧ
Ԫ衣
ڼʱڻָʧȥֻһãڶãػָƣƸԭ˼ֻҪȫٻһȶûеָ֣ܼٶȣҪѪ֮Ч귽ЧҪϲ٣ãһ̶Ϊʵء
رҪһ㣬ǵĸãԪɱУǶʲô˶ЧԪֻЩʹʴаȽãôģһģûʲôôˡ
оâֵԭ򣬾ΪԪĵĸãܹɱУнҩŪ˵ֶΣżﻹƴƳһֻˮײѣҩݵʧ֪ǻˣǷʣҩݲ
ڣǹ£Ϊһ㲹һЩҩԳ˵ȫǾ֮ͣȴϣȻջ
ԪܹҲٵʾţЩСʵѺԪҩģȫռȫ𣿡
ǵģӡ
˵ţӴָȡ˲ٵϻӡƿֻ֮ǣǶЩ˳ϻɻ֮ɫʱʵе𣿡
һʣߵȡҩĵ֣֮ͣǰ˵Ԫ裬һû˵ӣɣȷʵе㲻ԪҩĿɲռҲѾţ֮ռȫǳһλŵĻᣬҪڣóƵҩĳƣ˵ٵ¹֮Ͷ˼Ҫ˻óƣԣҲϧ۳˼һ
ⷬ˼ģֻһ
ŭ
ʱǮڵһǮųϣ򣬲ܳܲɣ£뽫ҩĽƣǮڲ˶ƻòײùϵ
ΪŭߣеһԶҩĸ˳ϼ״۾һתǵ˼ЦеܺܿûеĻҪһʱˣΪҵôʵ飬Ū
⻰ŭǰˣȲ˵ҪʵŪ׼ȷĵ͹˵ҩģռҩģܹʵģ಻Σҩľͻᱻø⣡
ߵУҲ뷨ǿŭĿ⣬ͬʱҲԼҪ뷨ѹȥȡʲôҩġ
ŭе
Ͻҩһӹһ۾ͽֻȵȸɨ˸켴ŭûѰһƺԪʵķ
С˵ûȫָѾ˳ΣǺܷ˵Ҳǰ׸ģǰûСЩҲһݵ
СݣʱŰʱ֮ơԪ衱Ҫ򣬳϶һĿȻ¿ʼ
ŭĿ⣬һֱųϣлǴ˼ϣģϣϾ֮ǰתһٸһ𾪣һ˲䣬ŭʧˡ
Ϊŭ뿴õʲô¯ҲԾݴжһ³ӵˮƽֱ֪Ӽ棬۳һ¯
ŭһ˿ûǬȵһֶΣһ۵¯ŭһˣϡǮҲסˡ
¹ءٿյƣϲѿʵӣ¯𣿡
ǰʲôԾ𣿡
Цŷʣ¯ɫһЦݣϲ룬Ƚ¯ȵⲿ֮󣬱㿪ʼơ
ҩ¯ڣϽҩȫŽ¯Уõøɸɾһŭ״ıԭΪôһ㣬ܰԭƻУֻɹĻʣС࣬ô˵ܹǻлģɳôǰᶼûи
ᣬ±ˡ
ר־źԪ裬գۼ䣬ʱȥųҲûи·ͣ⴦գĦųǴ˿̵ľ˵ǹĦ˵ǱŸӣﻹѪŭͬʦֵǻòĥʧ֮Ǹȥοӣȥάӡ
Ǯڵûţðܾ䣬Ȼ⴦ƫƧСյûʲô޿֮࣬ͬʱҲСĲʻ괬ǮڰĴڵӣһظ̸š
̫ʹˡ
ǰˡ
ŭҪҲǵһóġ
Զʣµ˼ߡţĥǮڰźúȴӦյѶϢ˰ɣ֪ᴫʲô
ϽѹסðʧĿȥһȴǲСɨ֮ǰΪܵ˼ˣ˿̣˼۾ؿųųÿһÿһƣжʱյȵȣֻǣǵϻֳʹ֮ɫյǣѪ
һĻϴ󾪣Դˣᣬֻǿǿʾ似ȥΪʵĻܵ˺
ѵ֮ҲͬǸ似һǳ
ʧ濴ϴ˿̣źԪ̣ĥźԪΪʲôɱ֮Ч


1866 ҩ
ʹиʴԵܲ󹥻ҩҶˮȺŨЩҩĻЯбȽǿľЧǡ
üֻ۴һǣǣp̳ˮһӰ죬ӰԲ̫෴棬洦ҶҲǸʴĿǡС
ţŭ˵ĻҲԺԪȥĻЧܴ󣬾澳۷ǿߣĻһʱľء
ˮҶЩҩģԶԶﲻЧЩҩĸǿ书ЧҲǲУҩǾֻСˣ
ϻŵɣһĹˣٰ֮ǰݵҲϵϿ϶˵޿ֻⵤ棬̲ʲô
˼Ȼڷɿ֣ǣԪƣҲûкӵ֣ΧڴԼĽսУӣŨһ֡
֣ǿ˸ͬʱǸо񻹸Σһ֣֣޲̾ϢԭΪôҲǸţû뵽ЩˣȴȻӣҪ봴Ůĳ棬ضԶ
һп֣ۿȥ쿴ؿգҪ۵һУȫһˣСݼץһпץסĻᣬҲСݼеʱ䶼棬ӵ˼࣬ҹλʱСݼǻǸΪסɱжѪȾأִ֮ĽԪˡ
СݼԪµ¿е֪Ԫѱ˴˻ȥż˼ʱСݼ˵Ĳ˼밡ǱǸ֮Ļڰ֮䣬ֻѡ壬˶裬ܹһҸ
˿̣Զӣ֪Сݼ뷨æž籾׼Ϸõĵһ࣬æǲɿһֱڼ˷ܵ״̬æ͵еţ֪ҵϷʲôûг½ˣǸСݼҪһڹƻҡ
ʱתۼ䣬ʮʱš
ƵĺԪ裬ȷɢȵȲҲ쵽ͷˣʱںԪ蹥һе˼ûʲôͷȻ߻ûͷҲʱһߣΪؼĲ衣
¯Ԫɰ˸֣ÿһֿʼһŵ裬ãǰĹȫ׷ˣһϱ߽һȥ˱ԽԪеʳɾ֤˿źԪĳɫʹȡ
֮УкһϤĸоָоƷĸоһģһȻ䣬Ϸ·˶éٿȻ
ҩҩ
Ͼ׽˺ü飬ɳֲãֲúԪܹﵽǰ㹥ЧǷ⣬һˣΪԼ˼άûܴͳĽܹпգ룻ôĶǰȴδֻ뵤ҩϣû뵤ҩ
ϸ˼ƵҩƷں̶ܴ϶֮ͨһԻһҪӵȵȲ衭
е˷ܣвٶӵϣڱȽŵҩ뷨ͬʱҲʼ˸׼ƺúԪ󣬾ռһҩģЩҩģٸҩ趨һֵҩСţһѣƷķʽٽϡ
СҲҪ˶þָܻˡ
ţǷ췺ɫ͸¶˷ܣϵҲ˸ĵĪǺԪɹˣҪƳɹĻҵıٿյɾʮþˣ
ΪϿ˼յѪ״̬Ϊٿյϼ֮ԣϺô룬ǣϵļŭǾˣǲʦҲ֪һʦһɫġʦҪƽ͵ľܹϲǣǵ٣ߵɣҪľž޲ãɹĻʲűȽϴ󣬴ȲűȽϸߡ
ڣǹɼ˷ܵӣʦ˵ôʱھƳɺԪģŭǵǴڵĵ֮һĳϳ֣ҲҪ쵽Ĺɣ֮£ŭҲͲõķˡ
ŭҲٵѪǵγѪҲˣŭοԼˣʱȥϣѼٿյĲʱ˳ҲռһЩûռģԼȥ
ŭͷ䣬Ǳ߳ð˿źԪȫɵʦһѾ׼յˣԳ˵һǾǽ¯Ҳȥ
ųϵĶ¯ʼСŭ˿һӦ¯Ҫٵ豬ըˣϵı飬ûаţеֻĮȻΪԤϵ˻ֽ
ɺһʱȥ¯ȻֻСûըѣŭȴڵӲûиıԼ뷨ΪǳƴƵĽ
ˣٶˣʮʱԪôóɹҪȥָٴʲôתƵ漣
ŭŵͬʱҲʦֵǿʼ׼ŴʣŬɢϵĮȻ֮ɫȥοϣŭ˵ȫȫһĥֲòô
ڣ¯ûˣ
ŭ֮еĵȻûзŭҪѿ˵ο֮ʱ¯ʧĵط͵ر˿ԲĶɢŨҩζ


1867 ʶȤظһ
㣬ŵûУ
Ժﻹŵը¯Ļ棬ǰ˿ԲĶûзӦùȴŵŨĵζ鲻Խѿŭ
ʱŭԲԲصţҪƵģһץסԱǸߣ˵ңǰ˿ԲǲǺԪ裬ǲǡ
ŭˡ
ǲǣ
Ӧǰɣ
ٴζǰ˿źԪ裬ҲŭץֱʹŭǼˣˣֱ˵ˣ˺Ԫ裡
˿ԲӣŵŨģֻŭͺڳ˶ŵˣˣֻһ˵֪ԣǵʶгֳģԪʧɣοĻ׼׵ˣôգۼ䣬Ԫɹأ
ƮɢǮΧĴڵҲˣʱȵ㣬ע⾯䡭
ǡ
ԡ
ʲôԣ
ζеϤһ㣬ٱĸоˣǵ㣡
㣬ôеأЦ
˳Ԫ𣿡
ѵ˵
һڴڵӻ𾪣ǵƮڵ򣬼Ʈȥ⴦ǺСպս޴˾ͻأս쳣˷ֱǰȥһףǰɾӴǳܣ˭
ţ˴߶սޣٸǰ棡
ĴƮɢĵ㣬Ӵǳ˻ޣֻһһ޶ѡ
˴ӿϵһʱ֪ԳԼϲ֮УʱͻأðһǺԪ𣿡
鲻Խ˵⻰ͺˣǮҲñĿ⿴ŭ֮ζʮ㣬ڿϲ֮еŭȻס˶ס̳ɵһ㣬м԰ʮʱĵҩǺԪ𣿡
أûٲ²ȥ˵Ҫ֪ǲǺԪ裬ԪΣܼ򵥣ǸʴһԾˡ
˵ǣһԣʲôªš
϶Ц˵ʵбŭ֪۵¯ʮʱĺԪ裬Ϊ¹ıٿյ
ֻǣǮȴЩˣ棬ûʴаģǱҲûģҾУҲá
ǮϵΪ֮ɫ˲ˣҪҪԸЩ֤αʱϺظоǮǡ˵ӣڴԵƬ̣ȥȥ
ǮӲ鷳ˣϾкʵˡ

ǮʱӦȥæߣ˵ˣֱӰŽˡ
Ը꣬Ǯڲ뵽һҪ£ϱȸӦǮڿϣûˣ۷ʱڣȳӦ𣿡
սӵãΧĴڵӱ㿴һӰоҵĲȻԥأÿ·ս˼״Ȼ˵СǻͦʶȤģãϷܲһҪգǶҪϷʴᓻĸ֮
˻ŹǣȻΪõԭ򣬶űҩȥҪǳܵľǺˣǲĳ˹ؼʱ̣ܲлɳãҪýЩˣһʱ䣬˷Լǻݾߡ
һ·ͨ裬ʴᓻˣ棬˵һۿģǰ˿ŻתɢҩĺԪ裬ܷӦؾҪȥץʱ˳ϡǮһˣעǮϣɢϢжϣǮڳвģźǳܵĳϣȻΪ𲻼򵥣ȴûϡ
ʴᓻаˣ
Ǯ˵аһ飬Ǯڣʲôˣôʶңа˺ŵʱûעµʴᓻ˿ԥûտʼŵζʱǰ˷ܡʡ
а˵Ķ񷣬Ȼ֪ˡǮ˵꣬ûаᓻػĻᣬ˵ôĸΪЩҩɣ
Ȼ֪ϷʶȤذѵҩҪȻ˶࣬Ϸ̳ܽԸɸɾѪ޴档
а׺ݺݵ˵Цȫ
ϻ
аϺȳ֣һת˵˽ҩٰôӴǳܵط˵Ϸͷһ
ӣҲʶȤˣ
˵ڵӶЦˣа˵ȷʵͦͦ񣬵ǣڵа˼˾ȻЦɴŭûŭϵһźԪ裬˵ҾʶȤȸһŵҩɣ
£źԪֱаˣаЩ״Ҫ˵Щ˱סɣڹЦҪ˵Щ˲ɣóһŵҩ
Ȼɻа˻׼Ԫ£ʱԪͻؼ٣аЦԭʶȤǼ٣û棬ãôһСϷ𣿡
˵꣬Ԫʵж𰸣ֻԪ񴩱ֽһ͸а˵Ѫ֮ƣа˸δϵһĻ֮¸Ͻ
ѾˣԪѾƿа˵ķ棬˲䣬ըˡ
ŭĿⶢֱֱ


1868 ˭

һ޵Ѫа˵ϱа˻һ˼άͣڽԪµĹУֱȵըĺԪ裬Űڣһ־ʹʱа˲ŻعϽŵסԪܣҪԪܸ
ͬʱﻹ˵ôһǾûϷ𣿸ǣǰϷŭˣϷ򡭡а˽Ҫŭ͹ȥȴһѪΣԭղźԪ贩͸˺һѪô򵥡
а˷Ѿճһ飬ѪʧָƹǶûˣае𾪻ûüԾȻϣһξȵط֣ԵޱȣܹʴܵаܣȻûܷסԪܣаܱģһûа൲ǴѪʱ
ʲô
а˾ŵͬʱϸ̽¶ɻȻȵԪ裡
ϲˡ
ϴȤһ䣬ŭ˵ԪЧ𣿡
ŭĿϲѾκδݣ֪ľǣԪ۷徳ڼ֮أû뵽ƵĺԪ軹ܹа˴˺
аǿʵʵĹ֮ǿߣҲǸ̤֣а̫žһаټʴᓻһλبžѪҲа˶ʢһս
ɾ͵ǿߣһźԪ˳ŭôܲ⣿ʵ̫ˣΪĺԪ費һţ˿ţõһţ߿š
ŭԭ֮У಻ţ벻óһ߿ţ߿źԪ裬ʹߴλᰡ
ԣԳϵʻ˵ŭͣصͷ˵ͺá켴һƣ߿źԪ輲ŭڵִŭǰʱײ޻һ˲ͣ
ȻɢŨĺԪ裬аȴǲȥˣڵĺԪޱأֹţڵʵԪɵ˺ԶûôزǣЩԪʲôͬ
ţаҲûԭţĶɲǴģɱģһӾҵ˹ؼĿֱųϣȵʴᓻϣ
𡪡
ʴᓻһϳȥʴᓻͦ󣬿ٶȴһҲգۼ䣬ͳ嵽ǰǮھҪȥ裬˵ɡ
̽һһתֱӿסʴᓻĲӣа˼״ȻȴЦ˵СӣʴᓻɲôץõġʴᓻʴܿХ
ʴᓻëУðգۼγһͷʴᓻС̬ʴ𻢵ı壬ʮơ
һֻ
˵ţʴᓻſѪڣųȥһ̣ȴǰʴᓻԸûˣڳϣУʩչšа족аˣֲһͣðͷʴأѵˣ
ͷû꣬ϾͽʴᓻаȥаΪǽʴᓻһЦɣϷòѣʴᓻɱһжֶΣ
ʴᓻҧ˫ȣ
Ҳʴᓻ´аЦ䣬ʴᓻϷǧ꣬ΪĻᱻôһһţͻᳯҷ𣿳룡
𡪡
ʴᓻһȴǳųϣǳаˣʴᓻˣа˵ĺУʴᓻһӾͽа˵˫ȸҧ˿УаظоʴᓻģȻе׷ʲô£ںԪܴݻӵ£Ҫʴᓻ˫ҧˣĴΣˡ
Ǻа˽а족ʴᓻа˴ûȻһ죬Ҫնɱȹİޡ
Ȼа족ջûʴᓻϣΪáȭˣǹʵǺڶɣа˻ûдӳܵѣͱϷȡļʽŪˡ
Ҳһ̣ʴᓻҧа˵˫ȣȴľʹûна˸ʹѣֱ㶵ضųϣ˵öԶӦڿռɣҹ֮һɷ񣿡
ﵹĻǣѾԶ֣а˵ڿռ߼˵Լ˵أһ࣬ҪȻĻҾʴᓻһһҧһ̻ҧģ԰ɣ
⻰а˻ֱһоԼĶԼ׺ݣڳǰʮ֮һˣϲĶұˡ
ǡ꣡
˵ʴᓻѾҧһѪӹͷˣаʹһʵ㾿ʴᓻˣҪңҾ͸ڿռ
Ѿʴᓻˣ׼ȷ˵ӦýС󡣡
Ц˵ʴᓻڱץסҪ÷ʱСͻ˹Ȼ굽ʴᓻ棬˲佫ʴᓻס˺һĻ
Ȼа˲Եɣԣ˵˵һ㡣
òҪ
ϴʣСӿ˶һ䣬СͿʴᓻҧа˵뵤ѾԶˣ־أаĻˣųħǶħ
Լģ
˵꣬аϣ˵ϣܾ˵˵һôʩչ֮𣿡


1869 ʹˣСҪ
ڷ񣬵ǰа˵ƴɱȻϴ˿̺˥ʧȥ˴ʵȻûна˷㶵ǳƵĺԪ衣
ԪʲôҲ֪ţûиղʵôǿܵºԪģֻǳӣĺԪǿǳ𣿻ǳӸ˵
еڶʣΪ˳õкóһ˼ʱ䣻Ҫǰϲô룬һʵϷԼϢУѳϵĵλŵúܸߡ
ҲŴˣϵʻϸϽشȻû⡣켴ԥҲߣһʩչ̵ȵȣһһʮ˵˳
ĥţ֮Ҫһʩչ֮գҲǴܲܽڿռֱ⣬ǴܹʵʩǱضһɱﵡ
аѾȫһˣʹҲգŭҲգû߻ڼţǱߣŭ߿źԪ裬ϡ
֮ǰͬŭģڶĽѣǼʶԪ֮󣬼ͬһ˲䣬ҪƵҩҩģһԶ˳
ʱǮڣ˼֮ǰǰ˷ܣΪʲôǰı仯񲢲ΪƳɺԪ裬ɲ⣬ʲôأ
һߵպ˼񣬻УԿǵԺųϸղÿһĻ龰
ʱ
Ͻ롰һйصĶĥһʱתͷѾϰҲ˽֮һа˵Һ㣬ͦסǧҪ˵
˵˵
ôأ
Ҹ档
аĿ־ˣµģ֮ԵˣǱҪĴˣԣ³Ūʲô³ԸһغҲԸ޿־Уóӡʹࡣ
Ҹѣǹصġ
ֱƿѪ⣬а˵ڿռ䣬̽ȥа˵ڿռǮڻСǣȴһ쳣ӿаܣóΪ𾪵ǣа˵ڿռ￴һЩС㣬СҲ٣ʮţɳϵڴЩСʱǸоС
ʲô
ϴΪ𾪣켴ץȥкڶһһֱͽа˵ڿռԼڿռа˵ڿռʧϸо˱仯ڿռĸоһ
ֻЩСȴǷ˳ڳϵڿռ³ˮ̶룬ȻЩСʲôͷ
а־һοֲ֮ãֲºа˶ųϿȵʲô㻹ңҴˣҲ㵤ҲҪطҡ
ǲǺʹࣿ
ֱҪʹˡ
ŶǾʹɣ
˵꣬а˵弱˥˥ϵ˥ֲͬһ¶а˵Ѫȵȣȫ˥ʴᓻһʱаˣʹˡ
СС뿪ʴᓻӣʴᓻҲа˵ĺ󳾣СٻصڿռʱָֻģŮҲ߰СŮʮҵ崿Ů˿ûиղѪζȾͤͤ
СϵķĹ£ҲһѪϢһߵĵ̻꿴ЩֹţɳҲ̫˰ɡ
̻ȥ׽ȴССڣؽȥˣ˵˵ЦЦһֱŵ̻㣻ЩҲ΢΢ȣظоСĳɳڿռҲɳЩ
Ҫʲô
Ŷǡ硯ҾÿԺ͡аٱ䡯һ£ܲܵõµĶ͵컻ա롮СŲơγһµУǡǡһЩ󷨡
Ͻʱջ뷨С˵һ飬ӵôصСһҲûпգЦ˵֤񣬵ҪЩȫõĻҪӦһ
ʲô
Ҫȥһ档
С
ȻܾСҪСһ󻶺֮󣬸Ͻȥĥȥˣע˳űа˺ʴᓻʬ壬ӳһŻʱ˺ü½аˣһƫƧĵطˣ׻ޣһ˿档
Ҫ˽ʱǮǰ˵ӣѾ¶ˣаҵ뻹иʱ𲻱Ҫ鷳г̡
˼ǮٶȸϣҪøϵһ˵ڴ˴ٵʮʱʱ䣬ҺýҪĵҩټٸ·
Ǯһ룬˳ϵĻ֮⣬ҪЩ
ǵģҪܶ
ܶࣿ
󣡼ǴڣҲһܵ𣡡
Ц˵һΪСѰҲΪԼ۶ѣܱ˴ߣ̫ͣҪһڿռģǾ͸ˡ
С
Ǯڵһ֪ҪôʲôȴԺ˵ҪĵеҩĶɣҪץʱˡ
ʱǮں˵ӣһ취ܹõ


1870 һ
ʲô취
µǮ˵ӣѡ·ȻȽƫƧһ·Ҳвٵţļ壬СϻȥյҲ٣һ򾡵Ļٳɶ࣬Ҳһʿɹ۵
Ǯ˵֮һײˣЦ˵Ǯӵ˼ǡڳԺڣ
ڳԺڣ
Ǯһ㶣ʱЦ˵̫׼ȷˣǺڳԺڣ·١ɱԽ¶ɲ٣ҲΪˡ
ˡ
ζһԡڰ˫ɷ֣ڱϽշһǿӶյĿӡ
ˣ·ʱһ

ǮȻɻΪʲôҪ壬ȴǸɴӦϿһԣҲòȥˣȻ׼ǴνѾоյضȹȥˣǣԵãǴġ
󣬳ֶԴڵ˵ϻжҩеĻһΣ˵Ҫ󣬸ǮкŭһڴڵӣͽԼϵҩģȫ˳Ȼǲ֪Ҫʲôá
ǮҲֻΪҪȴ֪ǸҩģԴĥҩ뷨ںƱȽϺʣ϶ҩĵģдڵӣ˼ǣֵҲĻ˳Ҳûв˽£Ȼ沢ҲŻر֮ࡣ
ҩȫͽڿռ󣬳ϿʼĥڵǽĵãҩĵǷʣûӰȵȣʮӵʱĥ󣬳ϲûʱʼƣ˵ڶŵڶŵҪҩġ
ͬʱСʱһݣⲻͬĵҩҪЩʲôõҩֵطӳЧҪʱ仹Ҫ̡
ʣһѶȸҪǻ߰СŮӵС󣬻ҪѺôľЩ򣬿СһγɳǰҲ㲻ʲô
Ǻĺ˾ͿϲֻоһһŵĵƷһҩģϸģɻɫ
Ǯڰź÷Ȧ󣬼˳ʱ뵽˳ǰ˵Ҫʮʱｫҩȫ꣬ǻûж룬ڿȴġ
ʮʱôܽЩҩһأҪƵĵҩһĵҩһͣǡ
Ǯͻ뵽һֿܣǻȥ˼Ըͱֲ²סˣһĲţҪҲ²ģǳӾǡ
ʲôǮҲݡ
ʱɿ졣
תۼʱȥϵʱ䣬߸ʱˣʱԺ˵ƹôãɶԳ˵һ˲ѡ
ʱϽʮŵӦҩģʰ׵ˣҲʱǮϣѾ˵ȸϵˣֻǱڵˣûгý
ƴɱֳĶҲоˣŲʣֻֽһ
ȣһƬΪͨƽҲŲʲôΣϢĻ棬ԳΪĵķԲף˻أϡǮڿЩĻ棬ȴǸоȥЩ棬ʲô鷢Ҫȥˣ̤ȥˣЩֿûʲô˵Ļ棬ͻ¶Ŀ
ţʮŸ¯һСƬУ۶˿⣬ﻹ֪ʲôʱԼ²ΪʵǮڣ͵ظ߶
ţЩʱ۳ʮŸͬʽĵ¯֮󣬽ڿռҩģһԶȡ˳켴һҩķ뵤¯
˾٣ֱ˽ɵۡ
пܷôҩģҪȷһ˿һ治һ֪ôģǰδ֪˵⣬ֲóܹתƣҸܣⲢǽǻԵ⣡
ͬʱǮҲ˼ӿȻܿôҩģǱضҲܿô෨ôˣƴɱҪƴɱģɲǳһˡ
˶סֹͣˣ˵Ŀ⣬ڳϣ˼ɫȻޱȲ԰ףһַļС
棬ߣԽԽ࣬ˣʲôħޡսޡ֮ĶҲˣЩɱֱ÷ˣһ塣
ˣƽʱ˼޼СһȴޱȣСˣӦҲˣСܿյˡ
һΪյļ峤յõһһ㴫ϢʱסˣΪʶһûᣬϾǷƵĵϣպˣҵͽһ¥ȻҲ֪żķգЩȥˣɲʲôСèСôʰ
СĽ̽ٴȷõµϢ֮üͷˣǣţȴЦݡ
ôǰ棬վŹܣԣվһѣȥҴϵ£䶯ˣվóʵʲôϡ񣬽ȫ
ȫһ
ջ벶ȸں󣡡


1871 Ӳͷ
ȻһܰϢ͸¶ȥ֪ǣսʵ㳲ʱɼҡϿšɥڵСǺԶʵҲҲõϢ
ϿЩôܷŹűǿĴûᣬһʱ̵ʱﰲźüƻȻˣҪֵһ󵰸⡣
ɥڵŵ˵һΣҪɥӣУ첻ֹϣ
֮⣬һЩԽСҲǲ󣻶һУַһ׼ɥڵģǣϿܲȫԵøɸɾɣֻҪ¶㹻ǵһСչˣ緽ң
һ֣ҰıȽϴģ׼ԵָһСģˮԼⷬߣӴһǳΪǵĺ԰ţ
ȻܵõϢܸϵõĴС඼ɻ⣬һŵõϢڴԶŶҪһ㡣
ʼգȴûжֺǾš
ŵӶľǲ⣬ɾҲֻͣ˽˭£ϳͲؽգš
º󣬾һһ߹˸ʵϣÿȷĲȥ˻ˮ
Ϸ򣿡
ǣֻǡ
ôʵǰȴԲˣļˣۺˣ
ϣҡ
Ҫǲңٵ϶ʮʱҲʮʱȲͻ֪ϷǴǶˣǴˣ϶ʮʱҲֻкôûлҪھͳȥǾֻһֻС㣬пٱԵķݣҡϿһҲƴɱòˣ߳ȥǾͱһֻˣһ˵㲻зһҡҵǲİɣ
ϽѵöԣҾ͵϶ʮʱ
ȻشˣﻹǷǳţôֲʲôߣ˵ʮʱǶʮҲ̶ܽ꣬ˮгԽ֮ǿߴڣңһߵ֡
ھ۾ͬʱʮ¯ĳϣҲûϵֻǶһССͷͻôͺñ˿ź۵СʯӶڴ棬ȴ͵ը˾캧ˡ
һʱʱһգۣʱȥˡ
ֻʣʱˣСԼϵġռ֮·šȵ֪ʶ
ʱӿħޣܸϵǣ඼ȫˣڵĵӣǮڡϡҹ⣬ǮɳȥˣҪˣħ޶ҲزȥеһȫѼʲô󷨡ܷ֮࣬Ź
ͬʱЩ˳
Ǯǲܵš
졢ս񡢳һҲвסƴɱȥˣһԼԼԼʵսУõ
ŭȴڵӣʵͲʵսҲḻͬ׵ߣǵĶ֣ټŵ㱼ޣҲֻǰ㲻ʲô
ûһ֮ɱøΪڱԼĵҩںȵģǳȥӰ쵽ȥɣԣӰ޵׳޵̺Ŵ
˵꣬ŭɱñҪ񣬲ʵŭĺԪ費𣿻ɱô
˵ʲôأΪôõĵڱأ˵ЩҿǸɱɱɾȥҽҩȫƳĳ棬ǳ棬϶׳ۺ𺳣
ǳһÿ

һ̸֮󣬴ڵɱŨ죬Щߣ⻭棬Ѿӿ˺ڣΪ챦ôǻб˿ɼŲԶǧＱҴȴϣǱûţӲʯͷϣֱҪǵС
֮һ𣬽ӶģҪ˴ˣһģǶѡǾ䡢սΪôǿΪͻƿڡ
ŭ״һЦģЩ˾ȻǳȥǻأСô޵ˣǺùģ
˵꣬ʹһǧֱǸûôߣ˵ӵϣ䱾ҪնһˣȴǸоЩ˱仯
ʲô
ͷƴɱ֤ȥ
սǱҲǲ࣬Ķ֣ʵ߳һߣսԽսԽͣҪòֱĶ̵ָ㵤ҩС
ƸΣգԽԽֻ࣬ǸͻΧˣڰغҪȸգȴЩˣţӲͷ̵ܹȥ𣿡
սй󣬼ʶĳϣʵܴǵ似Щĸ𣿡
˿˰죬ȴҡҡͷص
һӰӶ𣿡

ǾһȻӿ𲻰ĸо˻ȥʮֵزʣʱ´Ϣǵ·ѾϻšɥڣɼҸˣزȥˡ
ʲô
մ󾪲ѣ̶ŭȣ˭Ϣ͸¶ȥģ
峤ڲ׷εʱ£Ǹô죿˿϶˲ȥˣ
ת˼Ȧơ


1872 ѣٵ
ҳȥ
ޱȣ֪ԼھͺñıԵһСģͻὫҸˤΪһƬޡ
ǣѾûѡˡ
峤ˣҵˣһս
ˡ
յȳ˳ȥ߳˵ЩսţȺһƴɱʱҾᵹȥġ
䡢ŭǶһȺ˵ãҵĽûѪһûҳǱ仯ʲôأ
ŭȴǷŭ쳣ˣȵˣû꣬ҪҿӽɵĻ棬ǵҪǴҲɣ
ڵӣ뷨ɱŨѾһոȫסЩ͵ħޣɱסˣټϵζѾʧòˣʧȥĿȺӻˣֻûг·
յһȺƴɱţ֮ǰЩߵѹȷʵᣬڵǣѾӳ죬ҪǸɱˣйŭ
ŭЦߣҲãҲٷֳȥ׷ɱ
£ϿšɥڡɼҶõɱȥϢͬʱԶ֪˴˵Ĵڣ֪һЩ£ûѶٹ峤ʱͬˣǷĪƴɱʱȽˮЩһ£СĻᣬٷǷ¡
ٷֳߵ͡
ҡŵȵȫû뵽ɥɼҴתɱǵʱǲŻˣеһ𣬵ƴһƴƴҲԪˣǣҡŵͬЭټƽһӾͱˣһתӣԱ
û϶Զȴ˰ĶϿţ·Ͽϣ֮УˣȻһ󲿷Ѫӿ׼ƴȴѾʱڡ
ҵе㣬ǳ⡣
ʱ򣬳ѵͷ˵ʮʱһʱԽԽҵƴɱҲġ
෴ҵˣǳɱʱǽһ˴ΧģǵİΧȦȴԽԽСΪǰƽˣ˱ŭǸնˡ
ĳ岻ȥʱתˡ
ӿűϾսˣˣסˣı乥ɱĿ꣬Щȫնɱһ
£򣬽һԼԶһնɱ䲻⣬ȴЩҴڵӱˣһסˡ
ǿѣʲô
ѣҵĵϣҵĹͣԵ
˵꣬ɱȥŭҲЩ㶣ϵĶȴûϷֺӵĹǰѭǳܺ͵ߡȺȫˡ
æǰһȭŭ˵ˣ峤գϿšɥšɼң⸽һЩȫں棬ڣҪȫ£Һܽȥңضܶһ١
ȥңƾʲô
ŭﲻˬúܣղɱ֣ȥңĵϣǸô죿
ȷʵд⣬ţ֮вϿŵֻŭǣȽϿ˵ǽˣŭǵʵʧͦأٴֵ̽ĻǾҲ߲ˡ
˼˵ƣȴûа㷢֮ʧ̬ϽЦ˵˵ЦˣǽһٸӣСҲҺʹԣСΪ룬Ͽȫ㳲Ҫǡ
ŭҪϣȴǸֳһĨЦ⣬Աߵ˵ǣ䱸ţȽȥ˵꣬ŭӰһӾʧˣԱߵ߻ûзӦɻعͷˣɰûڲѣŭ϶ǽ˻ȥˣôû뵽
ôһ룬վûʲôɫˡ
ŭúܼʱոǮߣҪ淢һϵб仯֮ʱͿ¯С֮ǰĻ棬ŭҲ֪ҪˣϽһתתضš
ʮӺ
ʮŸ¯ȫʧҲ֮𣬾һ˲䣬ٿŵҩƾ֣ŨĵζٴܣŭһӾͳڰٵ׳С
ϡǮҲǿţþò
ɫЩ԰ףϾͬʱȫһĶʮ¯˿Уķǳڿռ֧ţϿ϶
ҲŴˣӼᶨ˳ϻǿڿռģ˵ҲǳǮڻæǰ˵ӣСܴۼˣû뵽ĵʱ䣬ٵÿ
ǮԳСܣȫ鲻ԽǮҪ֪ʵ䣬ֻ»ֱӸιȥҲ˵Ӿǹһˡ
ϽҩݸǮڣ˵ҾͲˣЩҩȥǻȥôˣж
ŭĿⶢŴǸлæ𾴵˵ӣÿɲ٣ҡɼҡϿšɥڵȵȣ⸽ĴСһ䡣
Ŷôࣿ
ϿǮڣЦû뵽ǲȥǵ鷳ǵˣܺãһ𿴿ȥ


1873 ˿ߣ
ͣս׼ʹڻɸΪ񲯣һԸɼҡϿšɥϿҲʱõϢ
ûоκȴͬѡڿʼ߲ɱҪģֵģնɱҪˡѡ
ңҡŵһʱ䣬࣬ӣ
뽫Щȫɱģǣٶ˼ɣб䣻ΪǸжǿǻȫֻ֪Ҳ֣£ʵǲµңǷϣ˵ͻʲô䡣
ǵѾ϶Ƿض֣
ԣΪԷһҪڼ̵ʱЩ׵û׳Լʵ˵ƴɱʱὫղͶЩˣڻңǹʵһӮϣ͸
˵󣬲ûֹͣɱЩ˵ѡ񣬶ǰϢʱ䶼ûе飬ӷɱȥһʣǲֻҪԷ˿ԥɱ£
ңϿģɼ峤ຮɥףҲԳ֣ר׼ҼͷˣǸֱӣҲʣֱӺɱ
Ѫȵѹ֮£ټϼϴ󼶱ﱻնɱȺ֮£ʣµܿͳܲסѹˣһһغˡͶʱѾ˳⣬ҪǻΪޣѪɣƮɢ֮С
˼һˣǾͣأԴԼŸոչ齵ߣ棬ٶΧȥ
Ȼܻһһ򲻺ָӣ˴˶໥ǳȽҺ֧֮˵ͻε
ͬʱջڼ˵Ǹĵߣֻһб䣬ܣΧռѾ쳣ֽʮֵĲˬֲұ¶
ҪٷŵΣȰʱͻؿ˳յĵһ۾Ϳ˳ϣж𾪣ΪоǮɢϢˣϢ֮ˣȴڳϰ벽ϻޱȵ顣
䲻֪Ϊʲôҵľݣ˵һ̶ϣܹҵˣ
ˣ˵ͨգæҪǰ˵߶˵߶ǣոҪͱĸˣ˵Ҫʲô
Ϸ㡭
Ҷ벽ҾѪߣ
ûľƴҲոŹȥպ뷢ŭ˼ųǰ
ǸտŬԼգϽµƷһ飬ЩţҰѶҵӰ˵úᣬѶԳϵ˵Ļ˵úܴ󣻳Ҳ˵֮󣬲Цʵ˼˵ǳ˺ҽˣȥұ֮⣬ͱ·ˡ
ӣЩ˵ģϾ˵ģѾظоǴӶɱˣҪٲߣͳˡ
һΪôģȴתǮڵˣǿ֪ҵļڵʲôط
Ǯڵ˵ͷ˵Ҹݵ˴ĴӪ¥½ϣǵĸݵбȽϴ͵Ĵ󣬿ֱӴ͵¥½
ô֪
һ飬Ǯûᣬ˵Ȩģһλѽ峤е֮⣬μպϣֱϵĳԱоŰʮˣϵƵս֮ˣжʮҡ
Щյ򶨣Ҳֲסˣû뵽ǮھȻ֪ôϸһ˾ȷϾԾţѿںȵǾ˭Ϊ֪˶ܣ
Ǯɫƽ·ղ˵Ļ۽òһΪŽ˵ʽӦ㳲ˡ
Ŷ
ҲǵӦһʵҲ˵ɱˣҲȥңȥ¥½ˣ
ǵģӡ
ǮڹһһֱŵɫޱȲ԰ףиоһĮӣպ֪Щ˾Ĺ
أˡһոоԼ궼һЩû۳ˣ궼Ҫһ
ˣɥˣɼϿſ϶Ҳˣӣٲߣˡ
ǲߡ
ӣ˫ȭѵ֣Ȼ֪λǴɥȴ˶࣬һλҪʲôʧǵļңô
ʱȥҪȽ£ȹ˹˵Ȼϵ˵Ҫߣǿߣȴǲߵġ
ӡ
ձܵػҪȰ˵ɺ֮ȴ͵뵽һ⣬ɼҪԸң϶ԸЩˣǶȥҲͻ𣿡
һ˲䣬뵽࣬Χ֮籼ϮɼҡϿŵȵѸˣһȫ֮뻳ȻûзӦʱٴӸݵͨص¥½ٽݵظˣ¥½չʵǿ֮ڲ֮¡
Ϊ뷨ҪһͻΧɾʱ˵˿ߣ֮⣬Ķ£


1874 Ա˵
Ǿ仰ƮյĶֱоԼĶˣ˾֮£Щ˻ҪǵĶǲ൱Իٳ
ԣתʵӣղ˵ʲôϷû˼ת䣬ԼĳƺҲˡ
Ҫ˵һ飿

Ҫˣһ˵Ҷϲ˵ģţ˿ߣǳ֮⣬¡
۾֮ǰǰͣҲûֺõЦݣ˵ӣ֪ϿšɥڡɼѾΧסˡ
㻹֪ô𣿡
ɻһٵ飬ֱǲԼ۾ӳ⣬ӿأϾ³ˣմʣʵ˵ģ
㿴˵ٻ𣿡
˵仰ʱġຮѾ΢򣬽ϡյȫΧ֮ǰߵ©մѾˡ
ռ״ɫһƬںڣֱųǶǷӣҪܲ˵شӵܴɼҷͻΧȥΪ˵ɼһһ㣬ӵھһҰ֮䣬ľӰ죬ʱȥɥڵĻѰ·ûʲô
ȻһӸԾնȥİνһϰǰɣ°Ѫսţ۾ɱһйȵûӵĻ𣿡
̫ˡ
Ȼȣȴѹö֪ǲûʵȷʵִຮˣ˳оƣЩԺ
˽ΪǿӦΪнǣӦǵƴɱΪǿͻΧȥŶԡ
ϣʵȫ෴ִ֣ı仯ȴ˷ǳڿģдϲҲŽΧſϷ
ͬʱﻹ˵ţӻͦģϣڧ
ΪԼмʵܹˡ
СˣԺɥڵԴֽøࡣ

˵ʱյȣֱɱȥһڵҲûţŭҲɱȥ䡢ս񡢳ӵĵطȥ
㣬ǡ
ߵò֪˵ʲôźˣȥˣƾҵսͲЩ˵Ķ֣ҪȻǰҲòôˣҪԣеĶȥҲͲԶˣຮŹҵĴûᡣ
ͻأշģϸ磬֣һֽǳȥʱ˵֮ĶԹô
˭ϸ磿Ϸ򶼲ʶ㣬ɲҪҽУ
ԹΪʲôҪԺأڽǸ𣿡
֣˱ϣôҲøʵ
˵꣬˸ոͶЩ⣬˶ЦЦ۳վޱȣҵӸǻֲ̿Цŵຮģ۾âǿǽ׸ղ˵Ǿ仰߶Ϸûͬ⣬˭ռ·
˶ûЦŽĿϣյļƻһգõİ취ѾҵѪɱ¾ǰˣֱ˵ǰͶԸ⽻ָ
ж𣿴ָеĶ𣿡
ҵĶڴָ
Ҳ𣿡
ҡ
ΪҲͣ澳ΪҪѵһ˿ңʲô죿һԥоɱ͸壬ʱһ飬˵ѣҶѡ
ӵϣǵѡ˸⣬켴γһ㻤֣Լ档
˴ָһණ󣬹ֱܶһӵɱȥ˵һͷˣͺðˣŭÿ嵽һǰҪɱʱʱ󺰡ͶŽжԹԵܵһȥˡ
һͶУϺػεһԼٶȴӴָȡһȻſʼ·
⣬ϲЦˣͬʱҲԼġôģ˵ǧҪȰѶ纬ͷѪˣǾͳԱɣ
ϴ˻һոհһӲؽˣɫˢףϽʵʵӸ˳ЩҪЩˣҲ˴
ʵ֤󲿷˻Ȱģֻܶһʱ䣬ڲʮӵʱӲģֻʣҼϣټһЩӣʮˡ
Ѿû·ˣЩһ˿ֻ໤ҵӣȻŭҲٹǣȴ뿪ֻҪһ߳ȥǾǷѣͷʣ
ɨЩˣȻܷŭȴ޿κΣٿΧĴڵӣҪֱιȥǿ֧סԳ˵ӣαҪϾɱأ
ûҪǵֻ֮֮ѡ
ɫһͣȷʵ̰֮ģ⴦ӣȷʵǣǲϧһҲǴ鷳ɣ
Ա˵


1875 ô
Ա˵
仰ֱҪѪ˶Աˣô˵
ĵӿ޷ŭ֮ʱͻȻ뵽һҪ£ǴʼǵڣӺ֮˶һƽ飬ϲǣˣͱȽϷḻһ㣬ĮӣЦмȵȣȴΨûк£ûе֮ɫ
㣬˵ʲô
֮ǰջ᲻ֻΪȺ̫ˣˣı㹻ʵ֧ţʶһ㣬ʱԼͳһԱҲһԱˣһ˵ԱˣҲǷֺ
ˣӲںຮǣҲûнɥڡϿЩʵҪҲԼǰΪĻԼĽҪҡ
һͨͨ
֪Լ·ںηǾͶȶסЩƴɱ֮ͰȫˣʹԼ´ˣҲضԪˣԼܵĻҪöࡣ
һתܲǣҪ⣬һҪǾ⣬ѵùҲˣҲҪѵù
Ժʲôϣôȥǣ
շˣຮȴڴЦЦţԴ̼գ½ԿգʲôѵðѰǶһأ
ˣһϷԸʹ
˵𻹻һ

պȲߣ治֪ȡᣬŸʱĳϣûôʱȴȡ˵ǷˣԼȡ
ôջʱð亹ҪѿںͶһҵ͵سǰȵҺƴˣ͵أԺ⣬һѽץסûڵĻᣬ˵䣬Ҫ嶯
ǡ
ŲϣδңҪЩˣֻҪǻţҲŲû䣬ҽǴⲽԡ
Ļжڹͣ۳£ٽһӦ֮ｻ˳ϻһЩöҲòȥ

ˣ˵ӦԱлģǻຮǿڲ࣬һǱǿˣܹҵĵˣҲʱˣ˵ȥɣеĳ趼һ˱ţ˵꣬͵س֣Լͷն˸⣬Ϸ־
֮ⷬĵӣжһͿЩ۾ȴɻͬʱҲһҲԹػˡ
ϵյĹȴȴᣬڵľǰͬˣܲɱ˵ʱ򣬻ǲɱΪãΪʲôľȴЩ⡣
Ȼϲ˵ȴ˲˵ຮգ󲻴Ͽ踺أʵϻԼ
ôϣ
óˣҶһ
˵Χڳǲǧ״ĶԳ˵Сӣ˸ϽѶ֮ԼĶһѵù⣬ԹҲϷһأ
ҪһĶ˵Ļ꣬꣬꣬ɥڶˡ䣬Ҵ̺Ŷꡢ깥ɪɪӾˣȻĹԴڵ˵ӰСǴ˵賤ϡǶûʲô¡
ڳϣǲûµ⣬̺Ŷ˺ֱܹӳϱڿռˡ
۾һ£о죬ȴû̫ϣֻٴκȵʱ䣬֮󣬱Լȡ
ʱΧסǵ˶˸ǮڣͻضԶ˵ģأ˱ˣû
Ǯһʣ潫ĸˣ˼ӿ԰ûмţڴʲô⣿鴦ͰѾŸˣҹζࡣ
ţ˵ûб𣬲ˡ
Ǯ֮ǰ˵ģʵģûбܿϣҲǮ˵СͼıҪȻǮôôǮתԳ˵ӣܹصĿĵˡ
йأ
ҲǸŽ贫һãܽԼЩʱ䡣
á
ǮԹԽ̸ӣѶǼŭˣ˵֪ߵغСӣ𲻵ˣǳһɥӡ
ȡһӣӲ󣬲ߴС˵ɥ죬ӣ
켴ֶ졣
ˡ
Ļ㣬ڳǵͷϣӵУʱкüĿɿڴһʬ⣬ɢɢͷϿʱȴˮٲһ£һͷȥֱ¡

ɻٴҡɥӣȻˣ˳͵ȥ죬춼æȵǻʲô뿴Ϸ𣿻Ͻ˸նɱˣҪȻǶꡣ
ɥӲаǿϷϿս
ĴЦţɱȥຮҲˣЩҲʹǰʱǮ˵ǺôĵӣȻΧɱҴڵӣǶˣ
ʲʲô
ĶģգԾ̣ڣ


1876 ˵Ӱ
ڣ
֣׹
ĸˣŵຮ͵ͣסЩɵɥӱüĶ׸ǲ㽫ɥ֣һնͷźϷԼղѡޱӢգϵ֣һӱˣ¶롭
ĸͷĶȳˣ˵ǵ£ȫֹסأǻڲȲһĴҵĪЩͶߣڻҵǣѾˣڡ֣ķֱʧأֻ֮ٲǰ߰벽ֹסȥɼв˵ڵв
ڵӣǺá
ϼ״˵ǮЦϧ˳ǰͲʹˡ
˭˵ʹдǺܺõġ
ϸп˵˾ͽ齨Ȼ½ļ֮أһǣȺ˵Ǿʲôˣһ֮Ǹ׼׼ˣϾֻһˣңﳤɲ󣬻ػŵζǵƽ
˼ת֮䣬ǮѾڶƵ䵽µĶ˵ǸղԸ˵жȻжԶԶ
ɫһ䣬촽˶ֳȥڸѹʵ̫ˣ˴󶯸ɸ֮ȴҪһУ޴桢عȥʲﻹڸţһ˵ˣǲǴڡ
һݣæȵ˵ǴھǴǿЦϷһ춴أҼðڵڴҡǵҪ͵ȥ
һຮһ¸⣬ڶףɫȴˣĳشľǮһߣ춴˵˭ãǵҪ˵춴أ㲻֪ǰòնɱһ춴𣿡
ܶĵ𾪣ǮڻĦ϶࣬˵óǮԼҲһƣƣײãЩѾĦ϶ƣѾ´ˡ
ʵԸຮЩˣȫûбҪڵţܰôô󣬵ǮȻˣΪǮڻĿģֳԽԽãø׼ȷպǵĶжϣ⣬һĿľǣǮԴ˵СǴڵˣ˭ռסǾȵõܲܳסڵŭ
Ͽüëһ£Ǯڵ˼ҲԼµһˣʲôҲû˵ͬʱաҲµˣԣ岿ֱ¶ģֶһЩ֮󣬰οԼһ·ܱȶһãֻҪڣٿһȥһˡ
׵ˣûô룬Ϳ·òץסһܽ·£ѼӾȻҪɣһʱ䣬ܲˣˣĲǹַҪѼץ
ǺײĦ϶ཫͳչʾˣȵЩ˿϶ôڵҡײƭҲ£ֻҪ£͵ڣǻһأຮģ޺ɱǸйŹֵСӣʱЩ˱ضӲѱɥӡ
ã
ຮӦ£ϣȴû˵ǶµӷԸϽһ˳ǵõѾ٣Ҫ֪㣬̫̰ġٳһ㣡
׼״ֱҪѪຮٶȴһɱĻǺģҪңǺɥ֣ຮе㷸ֹˡ
ຮһʱսѾһһɱȥຮŭҲҪǰϽֹס˵ĥĥ˵
ǱߣҲŽȥ϶Զ˵˵ˣ߿ԣѶ£ôͲأĪǶΪûɱˣĲɣ
öһȴһϺ󣬶ŶϿŵһﾫսѸٳˡ
˵С󣬸㷢ˡ
£һֱǵ꼰ʱһͱУֻʣĻ⡣
Сһ̣ĿһӾͱֱˣҲޱȳ˻С֣ɾꡢ򽻵ﻹСһĻ壿
ܰɥӣɥܱһ취ҺпǳԽűĴڡ׿ڸ̰֮ĴˣֻϢ䣬վ˾ԵϷ紦׾֡
ȴûçײѣ۾һת˵ģΪ˴ڣ㻹ӵӵĶȥӻضϿ£ӻ޿մ½ûãھһˣ߻˼𣿶ϿŻ𣿡
׵һʣһ˶ʹĵط׼ɫб䣬˵ԣ˵õİ취ЭңЩնɱŶϿԶ߸߷ɣѰһչңֻҪסǸСӣһܽµӶȳ
Ŀٵطһ¾ƣ״˿ҪսپӲҲ鲻Ӧٴնɱȥ
ֳɥӣҪСնȥ·ϳɱ˳˵Ķң
ͬʱǮҲҪԶĵĹϽס˵ɣȻܾҺ۸ϴ˻Ҳǻл


1877 һɱȥ
Ͻ𵲱·򣬱𲻽Ļ꣡
׺ݺݵ˵϶˵仰ʱ򣬾ͶԳɱˣɴʱ˿̣׻ȥյС꣬Ҳ͹˲ϳˣҪȥ
ʱһն£Ʈһݣӿһɲӿһɱ˵ͺİĶõĶȴʧȥһ
Ľֱ׵ˣпܾͱһͻȻϮˣױϾɥʹõķҲйϵҶ׵ר֣ԣۿҪȥˣ׽֮ȫѹ¡
ͬʱɥһҡֱĽ֮ѹȥǳ˶ף׻ǲԳ趯֣ʵǸСջ̫ˡ
ǣȴƫƫҪڶǰ棬Ҫط񹥻׻ûǿ㹥ĵزٶȷҲ⹥Ҫ䵽ϣ˶ܳܵķΧö׳Բ˶ߡ
ԣץСĶײòͣ׼Ƚ裬ȵСӣ𲻷ŭΪԼĿ޼ɵ𣿻ӣ
׶ŭֱɱУɥ죬֮ǰܿǿöˣ𣬳ٶȲҲޱȡ
Σվأ貢ûлţȴŭΪ˼׵˼ڻ˿˿ǸҶڤˣңǴۡ
֮ŭͬһ㡣
ŭ𣬱˸Ũ׸о˳ı仯ȴ⣬Цŭˣϸŭû꣬Ȼ֪ŭˡ
ڶ׼ȡ߳ʱ۾͵϶ҲһͣΪ׿׽ٶȣɱȥˡ
磬ɱǣȵãСӣϷһУһգ
ؽ֮ն
ؽ֣˫գһն£նʱ̻Ϣ޺¡ը죻֮෴ĵĶϿսȴƺȻ·ЮǺ֮ܣ¡
Сˡ
׼״ôһ䣬Ͼ̫žǿߣǿɲǰ׸ģԣױ׼ſѪɵĳ棬߽ɥͷȥ϶˸ˡ
ɶ׵۾ȻģΪųöĽնɱһ˲䣬ϵȡһΪʲôܹˡ
ײˣ׵ɥҲ䵽˳ͷϣǡڴʱһȣٳ죬һصǰܿƣĴƮɢ
εһšһɣֱɥӹȥɥӷЩ˻ƣɥӶԱƫ˷ֺ
ƫȻСɶԶ׵Ӱȴǳ󣬶׾ȻΪʲôֻƻܱQʩչ׼ٴ깥ȥ
ȻѾȫ׼õĶףҪȥʱ۾ȴ͵ޱʹҲ˲ñ䣬ϵѪҺֹͣתʶҲûˡ
öģһҽУһƬѪꡣ
ҽǶĵ֮ǰƬµҲģֻһ룻ѪǶǱУġ
ԺһֱǸ棬һѲ˿ܵĽȴĽǺƴޱȵܣն룬̶ն˶Ͽսٿ˶ĵӡ
м䣬ûзֺͣ٣ҿϵӣ⣡
ɱ
һ̫žǿߣһն䣡
ϲɱѣһɱȫຮնڵϵҲس鶯£ġһǱһƵģ鶯Ϸ򶼲һܽ´˽οǣ
˲䣬մ˸»عӿǽٺ֮УҺûжȻľˣǸҲȻ
ຮҲѣѹĵһ£תˣﻹšˡĶһ֮УȶĻҪϼֵôֵܵס
ϧຮ볷ȴˣһһס֮ΪûеˣຮȴһϷ綼ûռţ෴ˡ
Ҳ˷ϾһסĶȻ˸ͷӿһѪǣ㲻ˣʱ̰һ㶼ûˣһ£šˡӰ׷ᣬٶȷȴǲһ
һá
ֻҪ뵽ǻ棬͸о·ԼҲնһƵģû׷вźһ㣬ͿҪӳȥˣϾӳ졭
һˡûµó׾ͿԼǰ˸ӰȻһնɱ˶ĵĳϣ׸ϽͣסӰײɱϣпٶôô죿
ȥ
ȳ֣С⣬ؿСŮȻԶʲôɫҪǻҪĥһͽնʮſ顣
ȻҹȥֲǰΪ֮أûеһð취㿴ϵӰʧˣоԾʱžһѾĶߣţӾȥǡòõģպڳնΧ֮ڡ
ȥ㻹û𣿡
վһߣ泣󣬶׿⣬͸ˣô죿


1878 ǧ
ˣԸ֡Ҫ㲻ˬͻὫĨɱΨҶټɥڵĹа˼ӾԸ
ƽʱ˵ǰһˣǡȥ֣ѾȻŭɱ¾һڣЩ裬ﻹȥᣬ붼룬һӦųĹһŰ취
ҲΪ̬ܴԼ
ǱߣຮĴҲˣԲעƾͻؼ֣ຮҲսеս򵥣ȻܹƳķܡ
⣬ຮǱȽ⣬̫ǿǣ벻׵ǣΪʲô۳ĽȻҲƳķܣ
ĪѾˣ
ຮͷҲף֮Ȼ̤룬֪ɼ˵ڣҲѣɾѾȥٷ֮ʮԴҲΪʲôҪСԭ֮һ
̤֮նɱ֮ߣ˭ȥķ򡭡ຮţնһܹնһ·ຮ״æҪȴûùֱ֧û档
ʱຮһæȥѹƣͬʱ֣˿飬ΪǸǷ֮ʱຮطԼķܣû֮ǰʩչô˳ʲôѹһ
ຮûϸȥһʱ䲻ΪԽԽõԵʣսԽԽຮԥƴܣЩγһԲ״Դ˳̶ȣ⣬¹һ֮Щ䡣
֮ǰʮģҪȻĻͼֲסˣ
ۿžҪ£ֺǰĳһģһຮȴսһЦСӣΪүүֻһ𣿡⻰ຮɻսеĹӣ˲üΪϸС佣Ҫϸͺһ룬ֻе㳤ѡ
ຮɫ䣬УѾˣһս˲ķܣƵƣຮķȫ
һӴ
ЩܱˣȻûȥ䣬˴ʱȻһźǧ㣡ʢˡ
ֻǣຮ˵˵Ĺɱ
ͬʱսսȻ󣬱ɺôһӣ죬еŹһһ£ȴûֱܻսھŴ£ǰһ̺սȵȣһ𱬷ຮ
ຮƣڱҪʩչطס乥ǣ鷢ˣ³˾ѪҪʱٴηڣǰʩչطʱû
ôˣ
ຮ뵽ǰĲ˳֮Уѹɽѹ棬طû乥ɱֱຮһȫ𣬽һຮϽѪֹѪʱս¡
Ȼ󣬾ûˣԱͬھʽûʩչຮͳһɼӵȫ󲿷˿ӣٲͣмһȻŭɫȴǰ
ҲһĻĻԾأоԼ䣬䣬ĸ䣻ǮţС׿ڿ޹ģôҪ̤˹֮񲻸ӺˣҪܹڣǴڵ϶ӻԻֻͣϧ
ǱߵĶҲˣΣʢЩܵˣͻȻ뵽⣬æ󺰴еԭɱ첼󣬽һ򾡣
ԭɱ׵ĻϽ˲ЩֱҪӵˣԭɱ֣ն꣬նʮ֮£û˲ԭɱ˵˵һ򾡾һ򾡣ʲô
⻰˶ЩգΪĿĸͲʲôһ򾡣Ҫɥڵӵסǣøһ
׵ĻһкСһʱС󷨸ǷΧɼҵˣɥڵˣȫ档
ͻһĻֱöĿɿڴСʵ֮⣬СһܹӳһҲˡ
˵û˸ţˣ裬һһáǺ뵽˻棬ǸĻˣ̳һĺöǼʱ꣬ͨ£ٳ˲پǳѨϡ
ȻҲŬȥھھĶûʲôֵҲˣڿɥӺ󣬲һ֮ǿߣȻǿ࣬Ӧûвٺöɡ
Ȼ֪ϵ˼ǳϵĻ裬Զ·ĶŭˣƾСӣɱ˱𣿼ȻҪƱǱɱǿ
ҿأ
ϿţǮڡϵȵһ˶Χ˹ò׽ĶףеŲסˣһǰննն
ͬһʱ䣬žµϢô˵ģ
ɫ˼£صϣɼҡңǶϿţɥڣҡЩȫûˣң˵ǹǴڵˡ
ϳĬΣüͷ֮ǰҪأ⣬˵ȷӦø˲ŶԣģþֲõԤС


1879 
ص˰죬ĥŻʲô·˰죬뵽ģȫǺ£һڴСȫʧһƬ֮ڣֻʣһҶˣΧ룬ҲܵõٵĺôӭһȫµķչһԾΪҲпܵġ
ɸϵı飬þ䲻رǸȷ֮󣬰κ󣬾Ҳ̲סˣʵϣﲻԾ𣿡
ڲŹȥٸʱ
ʮһʱ
ϴֳ֮Ĭˣаʱӣϲ˵صӦòǴڡ
ǻ˭
ˣѿϱĿʼ״ٴţԹԵؾһԱߣ˼ӿȴڸţֻǺηʥ
˼Уۼһʱȥ˫ۣӣ˵Ҫȥ˵ʲôӦ
Ӧ˭
ʱ֪ˡ
ҪҪҵأ
ͻʳص⣬Ͽ˾һ˵รɣ
ϣ⡭
ˣȥɣϢһ¡
ǧʣҲֻ£˳ȥ߳ȥҲ̲סۡؾ³һѪǰ찵ġ
ô㲻أԭ򣿻˰סˣ
ղž˭ʱ򣬸ϲǲ˵ʵǸҲûⶼøϸоֵģֵǣ㵽Լ˻ᳶϵ
ôһδı˳ϵأ
˵ȻԼ㣬ǣüͷһ룬ȴϢȥˣᳶϵ𣿡
⴦£ǲ֪ǰ׵ƴɱھ޴ѹ֮£Ӵʧˮ׼ԽսԽ£׼ȷ˵ǳǹɱ֮ԽԽŨΧҲ
ô
˵ԺҪЩ϶٣ȻҲֻѣҪԳ˺Ȼ̾
ǣظоЩڷ䣬ֻǻ׶ΣϾóıʱǸҲԶˡ
ʱ䣿ʲô˷ʱ飬᲻ҲҪʱ䣿Ҳʱ˵ĻǸͣЩʵˣƶѹס
ʱˮʹ
׵ĴΣˣΪԼ֮ǰΪɵرܿĹòӶӲӲó깥൱Ķ˵ǳز
һ棬һ棬׻ԼġɥӡԳӰԽԽСǳ¶ıӰ𽥱
ֻ޵ģƮģܸоȴʱ˿̣״ˣΧ˫ܹܹ۾ܹԼԼõȴûôŨҪϡһ㣻ˮȴҪˮճһ㡣
ֻķʵöġɥӡȥ˺ö࣬Ŵˣ깥Ȼ׻طûʩչղų˵Ļؼǵá
ĸܣԱ߹սһУʵΪģȻȫǱ˵Ⱦ֪֮У۽ǹ顣
ȺУһ߲СĿԱߵͬ飬ʵɿɣʲô
ûпް˭˵ҿˣӺѪᣬôܿأ˻ࡣ
˵ģĿˣˮ
ɿһȻһˮ˵֣ôأûпްˮģ˵ţɿɵˮʵøˡ
ղʻҲһ£˱ɻţ߱ͷһʹˡ
ԽԽ࣬󣬳ȻʱҪ𣿡
ҶڤĶӣȻ֮ӡǮȴ뵽ߵˣԲճǿɣֻ¡
Ǯûټȥͻ̧ͷϷֻ֮꣬Уһ²꣬һΪѵ֮£ʱˡ
ңµҲ֣һֻԲ߰װˣ߰ףղǳǱסĵط
أ
ǮʣȻûиоһţǽҡʡŭȵȵ˼һ꣬ȫܳ˿־壬ֻǱܵɥֿ
ɥƷ׻ܹԵֵɾʱнػһȦڷԲ߰׷Χڵ꣬˲£𣬾۽ڳ轣ϡ
һȥ׸оĽ٣æɥһǽˮɥԱߴ̶ֱ׵׾쳣ȴƴһ䣬㲻ҪɱңҪ
һѪ׿ԼﲿѪоԼһ齣˵Ѿˡ
ʱϢű仯֪һеǮڣʧ˵̫žڽĦ϶ǮڶҪ𾪣żѾ˾̤֮֮Źȥʱ䣬Ȼ߽ЩҪʱܴﵽľ硣
ǮڵĿ⣬ӳƿ˳ϣС˵ӵдԵѵ˵ֻԵӰ쵽ߵˣ


1880 ѻ
ԼĲ²⣬ǮҲ֤ɿųһЩǮھԼĲ²⣬ͬʱǮڻоһ£ضйأ㲻ǳϱˣҲضǺͳϵģˣ
˽ײһȫֱߵǰżɽ˵磬ȥ
ã㣡
ϰ˿ͣٶûУӦԭΪ軹Ҫĥܳһʱ䣬Żοȴϣһն±֮󣬾ͨˡ
Ҳˣն꣬ر飬ջһϡϸдʱնһ䣬̶ųĽ裬۳һ飬ȭͷô
󣬳˵磬Ӧöá˵꣬ҪնϽ£˵ֵܣˣϢϢѸղã򣬰Ϊȹ

ߵһȥˣ֮⣬ЩʵԵ͵ߣԺ鲻Խռı֮£ԶСݼҲȾˣ㱻Ļ棬ԾȻԺ
ϽǿŴˮڿռ䣬һ뻯ڿռ䣬һɣ뿴ʲôӣЩߵǰʵ㼸⣬ɥڷ˺ܶꣿ
ǧ򡣡
ʧĶףʵػشǳ׼֣ﻹЩסǧ꣬ǾʹǧֲǰǾҺ۸ԭȷʵɱ̫ˡ
ҡ
Խ࣬ɥӾԽǿ
ǵģҪܴǧŰپʮ꣬һ꣬ɥӾܹ취ƷףԽߣƷ׾Խߡ
֮ǰôץС󣬾ҪСģüͷ𣬲Ϊµ˵С󣬸ΪһΪš֡
ûи׷ȥ׵ķ̻ֻ࣬Լ꣬ʵô꣬໥֮䣬ִ𣿡
һŴĹô⣬໥֮ƽ¡
ߣ
һߣ׸Ͻȡһ˵ⱾϽӹһ˳϶Իӡءӡӡ޼ߵ룬֮ͨ
׼϶ܸȤӣ˼ʱһһ䷳˵ΪҵĹȫرЩǿģܱܶԼ˼룬رꣻˣӣһһſĹں̶ܴϵõǸ֪ϢǶ˽ѻ꣬Ǹ˻˺
˵ţʹؽһдСѻؼ۾ŹһͱȽϴҲҪôˣϻҪôһŹ
ӹѻʵоҲ
Со
׽ŵƽƺоԼŵϢǲǽ˱ϴڵĴȣ֪ȴʵң˾ô
Ȼϵꡢһ࣬ȫڿռγʱʧˣɳϻŪ⣬ʣʱסˣشﲻܻоɻܵӲ˻ȥΪʶϼȻʳˣ϶Ŀģشûʲô
ǣ죬ҲûȻֲҺ˵ֻʵ֪ûѣţסˮеǰӦ֪ɣϧ
ͷ󣬳϶Զ˵ͷ˼ķϣҸһᣬʩչǵҪƲǾͿԴŶߣҪ㻹ǰѶ£⣬
˵꣬С˵Сɥڵ˷˳һݿˣ֪Χзʲô£ɥӣЩ
ڣûвǾͲòˡ
䣬ײҵֻöһѣк²ܿ죬󡱲ã󣬶ûϸͷɿǮֱĿ⣬ϽˣȴǼˡ󡱵󹥻첻ͣɥƮ
ͬʱлӿ뷨
еĳϣûȷԼ깥ôȷʵ󣬳ϽЩȫɽڿռ䣬ˮ˵ʲôа̾͵̡
Щ϶ǵһֱҲôģ̵òʱ򣬳Ѱ۴һǡȭ£ʱƣά󷨵ˣѪˡ
֪ǿȴҲû뵽ǿֵز뵽֮ǰ˵Ļһ飬ϽʩչطѭѪһױʧˡ
ӳȥ˰ɣٱ˰ɣϣҪҪȻҾ͡
ҼͻظоԼһͷײʲôɣٶȴûֱֹ֣ͣǰͿٳȥϢ󣬶׸оѹʧɻŨô͵ˣɵˣΪʲôûиоʹأ̫ˡ
ţظоԾ̧ͷһԼȻܻصǰ׾ˣӳȥˣôأҡ
ʵӦõľǴС⣬Ȼ㻹лϣ
˵ţȡɥӣһȭ䵤һͽʵڶ֮С


1881 ˵
ʩطѭһȦȴӻ˳ǰȻСĹͣСٴγɳ˳ϸġռ֮·ȵȶȻڵĴϣ˶һռ·
Ǻ׾ͻصԭ㡣
ٶʰãȻҲ·ˡ
˵꣬СֱӶ֣УٽǵĶȫһζպֽϵҲŪòڿռ䣬æ͵컻աСŲơȵȵںϡ
Ͻ֮ܻģȫڿռ󷨡ؼһ࣬ٵطţţм䣬ûʲô⣬ֻɥӡʱһЩС
ɥӡǧ꣬д󲿷ֶȴҲյ˲ٸԴˣϼ֮ЩΪܡ
ȻһЩڵҲˣЩޱȵĳޣԼԼо޾ǳŶ׶ȥǡɥӡȥ
һ˼󣬳˵ǵĳˣѾɱˣǸɥҲˣҲΪǱ˳ǾͺϢɡ
˵Ҳ֣˵仰Щ㲻ӿͣϢ֤˵ǷȷʮϢ֮ЩԼʧˡ
ˣɡɥӡ鷳ɲֹһǧ꣬꣬Գϴʱ˿̵ڿռá
ó𾪣
׵ΪҲ̫ž۷壬˵ܹɥӡڵ̫꣬ǿٲǿڿռ˵ĵز
꣬꣬пǶãֻǡ
꣬ȴˮꡢǻһڿռһĻϱʲô֮ʲôǿڿռ͸ÿһûá
ʱ£ϲᣬǻ꣬ǻӽϵ֮˳ʶߡ¶յˣǮ˵СǴںҪ
ǮʶϿܶ·뷨һϲڳ֪ʲôǿϵأСһŦȻСǮҲ˲ѪǸ㲻ʲôˣǮæ˵ҪҶ뷨ֵֻߵøһ㡣
·еá
ӾþУ˵ǼǳµģӦӣиղųΪֵô༫ƷҩҲӦʾһ֪С
һ͹ˡ
˵꣬й桢ߡ¶ˣʣµ﷢չһ̫סܲñ۸С
Ըţֽջ˹ûж˵ʲôֱȡ侫Ѫ˵Ҫ𣬵λ¥½صңڣһغ
һϵаź󣬳˵ȡ켴Ǯȥ֮ˣҲ
˰ţΪǸ²̫࣬Ĵߣ£ӳãռӦǸˣǸСϷҪǣԴζ˾ͽһϵַ
ǵʱ˵ͻˡ
ҲΪĵİ£Ϻϧؽǵâĸǣܴе٣ǾͿԼˣȻҲ֪̤֮ķ
ĿǣҲȴߣеˣڵ˼άѾЩˣϿǣ뵽˸Ūֵġѻ
ٵȵȣˣͿһˡ
һڽɥڡϿšȴСѶ˸ɸɾм䣬Իֱͨڵأ˵ЩСҲ٣ڵִ֮ǰϱ㽫ȫڿռ䷶Χһס
˿̣ǽѣΪõŸϢȥϣӸõЩ⣬Ǿսȴ֣ϲˣʷ̸ϵˣ˵ûп
ʱϵ⣬ûӲȽϢȥսӵϢһסˣ뵽˵Ļһ˼Եӭ
⣬ϻЩ⣬սǳؽӭ˽ȥ˵ţҺܺ棬Ϊʲôûкһֵأ
սĥŸϿе˭ʻæصҵȥɾ̫ˣȥ
ɣ
һʣսȴΪأรĸԺսæ˵ǸŴȥػ٣ԣǲûȥ
㣿㻹Щã
ЦսĽţ˵ôţģҲɱ㣬ֻ㴫һã֪ɷ񣿡
УȻˣá
սһͬʱóϸͲôĺˣսҴ⣬ŻԽԽãˣսϽųȥϸں棬߱߿ſüͷΪ˺ܶĵ



1882 
ʵ߽ŵʱ򣬳ϾͿ˲ٹĶǵܣͼʼΪЩֻǾŵװ֮ϾȡҪڿͼ֮࣬ǻͲˡ
ǣһ·ţóɣŵδҲ̫˰ɣر棬Щĵ񣬺Ԥʾʲô
Ĺϵ
дʣȴûʳֻ뵽ս˵Ǹˣʵţܲܺ˵һǸ

սһ飬ԭΪɽЩɱߣ϶ҪĵˣλүΪѵ⡣
˵ȽΪѵĻ͵ûʹ
ȷʵûд׷ʵף˵ĻҲȽϿ֪ɥЩֵսͲˣ뵽ǲǳϷŭˣǲҪС뵽⣬ﻹҵϽ֪ĹڡϡϢ˵˳
սԺ︡һģò̾󣬼֮ӣսһϽǰ·ͬʱǮҲﰵ˸ϵϢ˾ԲܷŹرǲҪ춴˵֣춴֮ԱѹסΪ춴ôһĸ֡
ܿ죬Ǳվ˴ǰȳͼڴ½ĴˣòϵҲܾ£עĿǣϿž
ɫһ̬죬ŭĿ߰ĮȻЦȵȲһ㣬ɲһ飬ȴ˸о޾ϡ
ţ𣿡
սҡҡͷ³ϲţ˵ӣ˵ĶģԴӾ￪ɵʱ򣬾ˣڴǴģǾˡ
ʱ򣬾󣿡һʵǲǾ󲿷ֽ֮֮࣬ǰʹڵģղ߹ܵ
ǵģӡ
϶Ļش𣬳ЩˣΪֲŪôΪЩоĴ󣬲˾֮
ʱ䣬Ҫٻ˵Сڻʲôϵ
꣬Ͽкµս˵һʱչˡ
սһʱЩ㶣ȻԳʱЩսսҲ¶ȽһȺɱ֮ˣôһ˵սʱԼļƻˡ
ЩƣȴͻؾѣڿɲƵʱ򣬸Ͻصʲôõҵģһȫս˵ţﻹڵţϣҾŸ̲ˡ
ϿսǣսЦģﲻȫ꣬ҪԣҲԣҪԣȻҲÿôˡ
սһ֮Ͻصģսڴ˷ģԸãΥģ϶
ϣ
ϸ˹ŹֵЦݣЦսЩţҪʱ˵˵ģҪǺˣΥˣһġ
һһ
ȥ棬˵С棬߷ֳɡ
ӣǾռսЩúֻɣҲܵõ棬˺üʮ͵أսɫ䣬Ϊ뵽һǳǳص⣬ӣҾȥ棬𣿡
ͼڴ½ͻ׵ġ
ǡ
սʹ˼飬ȷûһȻʱȥСɾͶˣͬʱӲ׳϶Ծŵ̬ȣΪʲôôá
õôĺôսǾϽµӼӿٶȣܵ˳ϵ£һԴôˣĵȷʵͬһ㣬ûá
ʱ䣬սҪ˲󷨡似֮࣬սȻӦٶȰãڳϽСһãڳˡ
һվڴڣսﳹ׷ʱϺ
ʲô£
սһݣ벻ʲôⷢɣЦѾſһ㣬ǧñȥд鷳ǿȥˣɣ

սûȫ֮⣬˴󣬵£ХХУÿ϶ɢһɫâɫâ죬˲ХһʧһȺͬʱҲûӰ
ڱ֮УǮ˵ҲŵҪȻ÷ּδǮ˵꣬ϣֳһ𾪣вɻ󣬡ô𾪣Īǳǵһʹô󣬻ǡ
ţǮڱ߽Сݼһ˸ôڵĵӶչһЩΪЩʵУпܳܲסѹ
ǮڵĴ󲿷עǷڳϣ˵һο𾪵飬ɱʱҲδ㶯ݣ׳ʲô£
Ǯ֪ǣ£϶ͬһ㣡
ʵҲȷʵˡ
֮ԿƲסϸֳ𾪣Ϊڱߵһ䣬˾ɢľɫâȻɫǵһģûںһ𣬿ɳȴ뵽Сڵ֮ʱľɫ֮⡣
ֻСڵľɫ⼴ֿҲǾâǿ̫࣬Һټ֮⣬Сڵʮɫâء


1883 Ƕû
Ͼûôɵ£Сſ϶йϵ
ҪǳæŸ·ҪѾڴУҪСȻԲѣͣооСʲôϵܲҵʲôһͼڴ½Сڵһġ֣мʲô壬ϵڶûз֡
òײŽƽϢȥϿǮڵĿ⣬ǮʵӣʲôҪҰæ𣿡
лˡ
Ͽһ䣬תƻ⣬˵֪֮Уôнϵγͨģ
ҾˣЩĳ
ڴ͵ĹУ᲻ʲô⣿
һεܣسڴͨУûʲôоһʣȴǮɫǮں˵ӣ⣬ͻȻռһֻ࣬մ籩ƻ⴫ͨпܣߵĴ⣬ҪǱƻ֮࣬ǺпܻﳾҲпƮпܱ͵ȫİĵطȥ
⻰Ҳһһ㶵ģʵҲ˵Ǳ֮˾ͲԼ֮ˣ
ô˵
ϽüŬ뿴ʲôӣǮ˵Ҳ⣬㹻ʵܲевĻ˱㻹Լյġ
ʲô󶼿Իഫ𣿡
ǵģֻнӣҾĲУЩ֮䣬ȻܽӣֻҪһͣͻ⣻֮·һÿһ֮·Ŀ٣Ѫģ̫δ֪̫Σգ˸оǲʵߣУ£ǳС
Ǯںип֮·ڿٵʱ򣬻֮ȻϵѪȾ֮·ϣҲΪʲôҡɥǻôһԭ򡣡
Щ϶ЩѡȻҲǮóСɲһ飬г飬սȭͷȻڵʵΣвôʹŵֶΡ
һҪŪԱʱ֮裬˾Ͳ½һòԺҪôĵط٣ҪǱҲǼ
ڳͻȻһһƣһ֧С滹Щ֪ʲôԭ򣬳ѾЩʧдɣ϶Χ˵ģȻΧģֻ˭˵سĻ
ţߵղûʲô
ʲôҶֻ
ҲЩܣϺȻץ֣עһЩʱ˼Ͳڳʵϣ䵽Լץе棬һůɢЩ죬ֻ˽
Ǿ仰ĳϣûע⵽ЩֻתǮڡϵһˣǸղû˵һƣһ֧С֮ĻǸ裿
󣬳Ͽľ;ãȻ֮飬ȻǶû£ϵüͷǳһа㣬ǶûһܣǵĻ
һ·ϣ϶⣬Ǯ˵ӣǵ½ˣٴΣһ·֮Ǿܵܵڵ½

˼ûлصùЩʱ䣬ϻһΧѹȫʧһȴѾ½šƵĴ
ôˣ治
һ˵ŴĶʮĸˣǵͷѣһͷ˴Ц˵ÿʮ鼫ƷԪʯһоʮˣǧһʮ顣
á
Ǯûһ飬Ҫڿռȡһȡ˾סˡ
ͷҲһۼ֮ˣǮڵı飬뵽ǮϿûлʱϵЦʧˣƵ˵ʮ鼫ƷԪʯǳŵĹأˡ
Ļȫһߣͷ˼ƷԪʯͱˣǮڻصȻỵ˳ŵĹأֻǡ
Ǯû˵ȥҲԸ񣬱ǧ鼫ƷԪʯѲûô༫ƷԪʯҲٵĵȼ֧֮ǣ֮ڳϴҪʱ򣬶ȥˣԣڿռտҲ
תǮڿŭһˣ˵ϵļƷԪʯǵȼ֮ó䣬ǮھͿڵҲ֮ɫԭǮһ
˵ǮڡŭǣһȺУ֣޵ȵóĶȫ˳ϣӵ²Ҳ⣬óȻǳʲôģֻǲСݼǵĻɰˣңϻУҲ϶ύ˵Ҫûֵø
ʱ򣬳ϻššɡš뵽ˡʱϷΧĲԾ˼صһɨȥˡ
Ǯ˵ǵĵҩó
ŭһĲãΪĵҩǿޱȣڹؼʱ̻ܹĵҩҪǵ·ѽˣǿɾͿˣҲˡ
ͷļ״ٸоһڵӵϣɢЩɱͷæһ˵ȥִϹ˲·ѡ


1884 ǳԴʯ
ǣ
ǳŵĵӣӦһٶ˳ȥǮûȥŭǵ˼Ǯڷǳ᲻õҩǣڲûа취
Ȼյ˺ܶܶǮкܴذգ˿̳Ҳһ·֮ϣ϶ǳ޴󣬵ȴûаѹɴ˱Ʋ⣬ռЩֻҲȻǮڲ񷨱֮Ķô
ң·óƷѵĻҲ̫Ǹˣŭ¶ɱҪǿдͷֱӱǮһߡ
ȷʵڵʵ봳ﲢѣǣſɲǳصģǧ鼫ƷԪʯ͵˳ţʵֵ̫ãȥֻ˵Цʵ˵ûдǿҪҪѵĹ򻹲СرڴΣ֮ʱ
еԭǾǻҪʹóŵĴԴһĿĵأѳŵˣ˼Ȼˡ
ԣǮǿóҩŭûа취ҪѵҩͳһӰȴһųͷߣ˻δ٣Ѿ˳˭ҳŷ·ѵģ
ǣ
ͷһָǮڵˣһɨҲЩԾЩ˵ʵɲСҲһţδ֣ǳŵĵ̣мʵڳŷ첻ɣ
Ǯæ˵ֳϣû˵
ʶң
ֳЩԾɾ˲ʧֳֺֻΪʶϷϷͲˣ㽻ǧһʮ鼫ƷԪʯһ鶼١
䣬ֳһˣ治٣һ࣬һȫǸΧڴУԴӣֳһ£Ҫɱ
ˣʲôˣ
ϸӲˣǮھӸµǮûлشתŭһۣŭ䲻ãȴòóҪȡźԪ裬Ͽ˵ˣҪƷԪʯ𣿡
ûΪе֡
Ͻ´һ飬ͬʱ˵ԲüƷԪʯǱҪǧһʮ鼫ƷԪʯļֵͬ
ӣǿõҩ
Ǯ˵ԱͷĲɴЦ˼õҩʲôҩȵùǳŵĵҩ𣿲֪ŵҩµһ𣿡
⣬᲻óҩŭˣ뽫ԪȡӦǵıӣ£˵ֵá
ĵҩЩƷԪʯֵãûҪֳ⻰ɾе㲻ˬˣôҳŵĵҩ
˵ĻᣬֳֵܿÿȽƷԪʯ˵ҪǽɾͱϷ򲻿ˡ
ϵõļƷԪʯڿռһ֣˿̣òǣ룬ƷԪʯ̺ǱȽϾҪƷԪʯ޷ǾΪȻòƷԪʯҪóĶǻǱȽɵġ
Ҳղôʵԭ
úǳĶ
ǳⶫ
ֳЩԾ˵֮ʶԼʧ̬æ˵ǿԻǣƷҪǵˣǿɲҪ
Ȼֳϱÿ죬Ѿվ۵ף֪ˣЦƷ׾б֤ʱڿռһǳɽȡһȭͷСʯͷǳȵشС
̣ûϢʱ䡣
켴ϽƵǳʯȡ˳ֳϣ˵㿴
ֳһѽ£ȥһֳ֣оʹ𾪣оȥ̽ʱ鲻ԽؾǳԴʯ
˵ֳ꣬ϸϽֱ죬ղѾŬˣΪ̫𾪣ƲˣǮɫ仯֪Լ˵ˣвɰٴˣǸĲˣҪǸղŲ϶ܴռܶıˣ¿ɺá
ǳԴʯ
ϻЩԾȻ֪ǳԴʯʲôȴԴ٣Դ٣ܴԴֵĶ϶򵥲ȥ
ŪŪǳԴʯ
ŵͬʱѾһ⣬ǱߣǮѾѹеľȣЦŶֳ˵ǧһʮ鼫ƷԪʯ򲻵ôһǳԴʯҿĴָôѾ㹻ˡ
ֳϿ϶ܴǳԴʯõϣõϣмеһ֣ôһ飬˵ǧһʮ飬鼫ƷԪʯҲ¡
ֻǣֳ˼ûˣҪǽЩ˰ˣҲ֪ң˵ϣвٵǳԴʯ
ֳ˼ʱǮ۾ͱ˪˵ղŲǶ֣ΪûȷʵøҪǳԴʯͬⲻͬ⣬ҪڳԺڣɵÿǿǺϣ㵽ʱҪڣ
һ䣬ǮںԥؽԼɱͷųӲʱ͵ӲȻŻΪӣô۸ô۸
ͬʱŭͱһĴڵӣһɱ޼ɵͷų䡢սҲС
ֻվڵסˣţŵĵҩҩ֮࣬϶ˡ
ߣɱһºȻ


1885 鹻
ɱӿʱΧĳŵӸ˵׿⣬ģֱɱϮһ԰ף³Ѫ
ǸֳִϣûˣѾƵϺ죬ǳɫͷӳ£ɷм˼ֳֻѾ˲ЩˣһһЩɱ̫̫Ũ֪ɱ˶˻ħһ飬ܻ۵ֵزֹ
ңⲻһһȺЩɱֳϻ治Ƕ֣ҶԳ˵пҲһѣΪӵģ뻹иǿ
ǳԴʯȷʵòˣҪΪô£ȳңǾֵ̫ˣңֱҲΪŵǧˡ
˼֮£ֱӴǸΪ˵ͷ㾢ƿɱȵջɱĪǸҪҳΪвɣ
ǿǳԴʯô죿
ǮȻ壬Ⱥû¹˭ԣǰû¹ȴǶ˸ϣϺǿɾ˶ˣ˿ֱ̣ӵĿҲڳϡ
ʱûΪҲ⣬ڱϢĸ֣Ҳ߲ȥóǳԴʯֱж˼أǳԴʯɲһܹõģÿ곤ΪѰǳԴʯҪٵӡ
ţɱĴŰʱ򣬳϶Щɱȴ޷Ӧۺֱнϵλðθ˲٣ŵСġĵλϡ
ֱӶų˵ĲλǳǮ򣡡
ס
Ǯںȳ֣ջɱŭ˺ݺݵֱһۣһɢɱɱɢȥڵһģֵɱɱͻȻʧգҲͶôһ
ô״ŭǶЦֱȻܲˬȷʵԼʵֲñˣͷ˵ȥ۲һˡ
۲ϣиĳϣȨƼ󣬵λߣͷϽ˳ȥֱŶǮ˵£뵽һ𡣡
á
ֱ˵һµᣬ£ֱӾȲǮڣʣµǳԴʯô
Ǯڿϣ˵ȫҩݣ
ҩݣ
ֱӷſܻȱܶණҩݾԲȱΪɣôȱҩأֱЦ֪뻻ʲôҩݣ
Ѫܹӳձ˺ɣӣȪ
ڱһҩЩҩǳϳҩеһֱ֣һѪܹüͷ΢΢һ£켴չ
һĻϽ֮۵ף֪ŻѪܹдֱӴ˵ʵֻҪЩҩ𣿡
һЦ㳤жҩģҶˡ
˻棿
⴫˻ͷ㿴һ̤ͯ˽ƮݷǷһˬ֮УЦȻ棡
۲ǳŵĳϣ֪£
ճ
ϵ³۲üëһ䣬˵ŵҩĿɲ٣ȫµĻƾһǳԴʯֻ»
ټأ
һֱһ׵ʯͷǰһȻʮ۲ϣǳԴʯɫ䣬Ӱһ˵ǳʯ֮ϣôϸϸؼ˺ð죬³һ˵Ũǳܽǳҵ¯ЧӰٷ֮ʮɹҲߣʯͷǳԴʯƷ׸ã滹˵Ķ
˵⣬ģòЩʯͷҲǺöɣţȴʵ鹻𣿡
ˣҲ
˻
ͨҩģУҲǳԴʯϾǳԴʯԽԽ󣻵ҪϳôϡҩģټϵҩǳԴʯֲˡ
ֻҩģҩ
ȷ
۲ЩȣֽϵĻһ飬ʣѲЩҩȥԸģϲ۲룬˵ͷ˵ɣ㽫ǳóҩģȫóǿҩĻǳԴʯΣ
ĪǳӻǳԴʯ
ûлشֻЦЦ۲ˣԭΪһǳԴʯˣû뵽Уûлش𣬱˵˵ӵλڳŶͣա
ǻҪ·ܵȾŸʱŸʱóپ١
⡭
۲ЩΪѣһļᶨϽֳʹ˸ɫֱʱ˳ȥֱӾҪ߳ȥʱ˵ǳŻöҲ繦󷨵ȵһࡣ
á
ֱ¶ϲɫ۲׼Ҫ׳ϵȴ˵۲ϣ뵽ȥתһȦ㶫ֻزġ
ʲôŶΪŪ
۲ȻǲµҪʲô˵ȴǮ˵ô۲ϻڳŲɣ
޴⡣
۲ϸϽ˵ȤԵҪ㡣۲ϱųȥܿ쵽˳У϶Ǯ˵Ƿֿжһˣô˻ᣬڳ໻һЩơ
С
˵öָ
ǮڿռûôָҪһö֣Ϣ֮󣬱ȡݹǮڣֵȥٻأעⰲȫ
ġ
ǮӦͬʱ̽봢ָڣʱɵۡ


1886 ƻľ
ʮĴָһָǳԴʯСһǮŨŨǳϢһʱЩЩǳԴʯΪЩǳԴʯӺζ
뵽һ·ϣֻҪлǳܣǮڲ²⵽һЩǣЩʯͷʲôʯͷȻԳôŨǳܡ
˼߾ҷӿǮڱߺͳԼźţŭһ˳ȥѼ۲ųϡĴתƣڳڣѾ׺䶯ˣŵӣռ鼮һࣻ⣬ֱӵȳϣĴþյȵֶΣóϽΧһѿɻ֮
ȻҪ˵û˼ǲܵģֱֻӵһ˵֮ò⣬һڳԺڡɣǾͻǾ׷ҲǲʣԣǴŽףֲ̽ϵ˵
Ҫٳϣųߵ㣬ҪܸҵǳԴʯĳǾ͸ˣԳ˵һηԾʽķչ
֪һЩ飬֪Ǯڵ˵˼ɣǣ֪˻кܶ࣬ԣкܶ˵ĿⶢǳԴʯȡ֮Ǯǡ
ʶ̵ЩСȳˣ׼Ѿ䵥ŭСӣʶģϽеĴָ򣬴ү㿳ʮ˿飡
ʽˣ
ôˣһˣ뷭𣿡
еʱ򣬲˶࣬һӮģ
˵ʲôϻأ졭
ŭˣһ֣ɱ˸ɸɾղ˵ͷ죬ŵ̬иȺСż˵ˣһĻ䣬ŭȣʵҪģǳԴʯӴҪ⣬·ٵģҾֻõˡ
һ䣬ŭӰڰиЩ˵ǰҪ⣬٣
ǡġ
ó
Щ˸ŭĺպɱаɣæȫеȫȡ˳ŭ¿һСָǳԴʯʧˡ
һĻֻŭϣڵÿһӣ£ŵ˵棬ڷͬСڡ
ʱһζ
ǮҲԼ˻ÿ϶ŻȫʧѪζ˵˰Ҳûдӳ׳㶫۲ϣüͷ΢壬ʱֻ²ˡ
ˡ
Ͻӹӽڿռ˵ǮЦ˵ﻰǶܾûлǣȻЩ˲ôأɸо
ˣֻʣʲôЧ˵ҪʲôЧʲôϣ˵пգһ֧
ӻᡭ
Ǯɻ𾪵Ļֻ˵һ룬Ӳ˻ȥת϶˵ãһȥռģʱ鷳ˡ
ǮڼֻʣΪҪ˳ϣڳȴǰӣҪΪƣһʱ䣬Ǯ˼ǳӣΪΪֹԼ㲻Ŵ鶯ˣѾӸ鶯ˣǣǮţʲôԸֻҪԴڵģһ˿϶ԥͻȥ죬ǰ£޵Ԩ
Ǻ¶ǻ¶
ǮĲֻ֪ǸųϵĲŻȥҪڳǵʱ򣬳ſͻӵ֣滹ĿŴ
üͷһ壬ɺϣ²ô򵥣淢ɱ¾٣ӵڳſ¶Ͽ۲ϣ˵۲ϡ
۲ϻ治֪ǰô¶ϽǰȥʻӺǴߴĺӣ⣬Ůӡ
ŮȻЩ۹ͷţܿóòŮӸҪ߽͵ؾ͹ڳǰ˵ΪΪ
ӿøˣ۲ĵͷߣҾߣŮӦ۲¹Ŷԣɽȴˣǳһ
ҪǣֱŮĲԾʱؿŮӵĳŵ۲ʹɫһ˲䣬һЩ£·ʱ䣿Ҫӣ
ȴûеҴ¶˼ӣȻҲ¾ͲˣҾͽƾͼƣƻľһ
켴ŮӣãΪ˵ǵ۸ˡ
Ů޿˵˴죬žǴزϵβڳſ˼ɫ壬Ҫǣӣ˾Ͷ֣нǵϵŪˡ
֮Σˣ
˵ԴˣǮԻ󣬳ȴǽйһֱˣ٣ҲǾȲѡ
һֱǶǾֱԣΪϸǵĸо̫Σˣڳ٣ҪǸҲȥǲǴ˵
Ǻѹסоȣһµӣߵǰ˵ӣʲôԸ
Ƕô
˻ûи׳ϵͼָ֪аŮ±أ˵թ᲻ʲôıţ˵Ƕ۸Ůӵô
ɱ
һϱԥ˵Ȼһ˵Ͼ͸͵˵òȷʵɱǾͰɱ˰ɡ
ϵעȫŮϣǣΧһУ˵ɫŵӡ۲ϵһ˿һ飬ڳϵĹ۲֮ڡ


1887 ֮
˸ɴ˵ɱ֣ŵӵָ΢΢һ£˿۲ϵûʲô쳣飬ǳ򶨡
ƫƫ򶨣óǰһϵͽԼĲ²ʮֿ϶һ£ٶʾԻǱ顢۲ȴʲôûУЩϵĻɣЩѾˡ
£õϵжǧɻΪҪɱˣֶóȼܽˣһ˵ϲԼְɣҲôΪôҲֲϲŶԣʲô𣿡
ǧɻ󣬿ɶȴڳһɲǣ˱ֱ֣Դ˼ңѪǧߡ
ˣΪǱ˳𣿡
ллˣ㿴𣿶ΪǱˣϢɡ
ŮӵĿֱĳӲģˣҵϲᣬǡòõؽϵոˢһ룬¶㴿ˮܽء
˰죬Ůӿ˳ϣֵˣǽΪˡ˵Щڳϵ֮Уûе˵꣬ʵǼﻹʲô𣿡
ǽΪ˵ҲûˣҳʱǵķҲˣ
εӣҵľ˭˶ҪģҲ¶֮ͬɫ˵ûϾˣɼȻˣǾͲòˣи飬֪ͬⲻͬ⡣
ӣǶӦ
Ǿͺá
ŮӾ͵ų˵ΪͣΪС֮Ļǣȴˣ˵ʵĶˣңΪǱ˳𡣡
һ㶣ŮҲһӴסȫһŮҲÿ죬Ͻʩлּ˵ȻֵܾãǸ飬
˽˫ٴɵۡ
ӡ
ֵһ·϶սսظţҪټŮˣ鲻Ǹ𣿿ǸպϾʵôǲԸ⣿
ǣɡ
ǾˣȥǽãŮ˸¹Ҳ۸Ůˡ䲻̲Ļһݣղ۸ŮѪȵˣ˸ϽǰŮӣŮӺܲˣҪ˵ʲôǿɾ˻ˡ
ˣŮֻлˣЦˣƽϲľճɾԺ󶼾öԷҾ͸Ƕˡ
˵꣬Ƿ۲ϣ۲ϣ˵ǲԵ
ǣӹȻ֮ܳ
۲ϳ˵ǣ˵ʲô֮ǰ֪ݵǳϷɿӵݵɫҲ˰˾ŷ֣һ·ѾЩɳǲ֪ʲô⻳ȴһϾܹȥǵĶ飬Ѿˡ
ȴкܴտ϶϶˻ɣƣ۶ôѣüȥҪȵӵ
ŵˣ˻һֻײʲôţԽԽİź˼
С󣬳ٶȻصţسϿ˳ŵţŵţóСһΪſòڷǳᣬùֵһ֣⻹ص㣬صǳϿŵĵһֱۣԼϵ
ֱ֤ģüУǵֻ۵΢΢𶯣
ĹͷƬ磬ھԴ٣γڿռʱ򣬶ʧˣתһʽڣɵֻۣȴûжܵ˺ҲǷǳء
Ļ˳϶鲻Խֻ۶˵пԯйأҵ˲ԯ֮ǣⳤŵõʲô
ʱѾǰŸϹ٣һԶ֣ϹԶ˵ӣ֪ЩܻǳԴʯ
ŻһѴָڳǰֱѳһָСɽ̽ȥ״ϹԶòϣһĨòɫת˲ʧ
Ϣ󣬽ָɨĳϣȣʱڣžܴôණɹȻһͬʱϻȡʱڣԼŪνǳԴʯ
࣬߿ѣÿ鶼ֱ׵ǳԴʯ
찡
ֳһξֳ̾ϵ̾ѾǷǳʧ̬ȴûֳϣΪҲòȥֻûкˡ
ϹԶ۾һ켴ƽʵӣɿĶˣЩɻôǳԴʯ
š
ֳֻ۲ϻ񣬻һ飬ϽֳʹɫϲǵСϹԶĻ֮⣬޷̽ǷĽÿһָ쿴ˡ
ϱܶ˵ȷʵ˵㣬һνףʣµľ͵ڳˣǺĻǻиĽףж٣Ҷܳ¡
ʵӣһ֮УҪǲŸʱĻҪӺϼϹԶҲǴʣЦ϶ģˣϹţǻýһ¹ŵĴ󡣡


1888 Ϊ
һһ뿪ţһδããУһĿĵأһεĳųֽһ
ڳŵĴǰòȴϵϹԶʲôһҪҵˣʲôܽС
ǣš
ֱӡ۲ǶΪϹԶΪǳԴʯȴ֪ϹԶĿģֱܹϹԶϵϹԶûо
˺ܾãûʲô֣벻ȴһԯ֮Ѫ֪õԯʲôϣõԯ֮꣬Ѫл꣬㼫пܳΪһԯˣʱһССֺҳݣ
ϹԶЩڵĹҲƽʵڸоԯйأ˵֮ĻʱϹԶһɳ嶯Ҫгϸ
ֹ˼Ǯڵ˵ʵϹԶסѾ֪ˣֻҪȥ϶Ѱһûᣬ֪ؽ¡
ЩǳԴʯĺܼʱЩǳԴʯܰѪøӴ⣬ӾĺڴһεĴݹ٣ΪһΣ㲻ҪǳԴʯҪԼ
ϹԶǳԴʯӰն𣬵֮أȡ濪ʼһֵ۲ΧʣµǳԴʯ̯̽ЩǳԴʯ
ͨУȫĵظоţţϣǸһƣһ֧Сɴеģֻдźܵĺ
󣬳ԺвϹԶӰºЦ棬صʲôϣӦҰİɣЩǳԴʯ𣿡
뵽⣬ǻ˿˿Ц⣬ǳԴʯ֣ʯͷǳܣڿռȡģϵڿռɲʹõģǻꡣ
ȻǳܲȫڿռɶٻеӰɣؼʱ̣һӰ죬þƷתˡ
ϴ˾٣Ϊƫƫײӵԯ֮ˣײ£ǳԴʯԴڵǳǲǳԴ˵ҵڿռ﷢䣿ǳܿͨǳǲе֮ܣô
ʱ䣬ѾԸоڿռĲƽ⣬ԽԽǳ¶Ūƫԭλã˲٣ȻҲǵһ״ȴҲоȥһΣյ£ǰ뵤һ
ܣ
˰죬ҲûȻ˼תϲǮڣڳŵˣ˽٣Ը񡢾ȵȡ
Զм仹춴˽òǺܶ࣬ŵһЩϣǻܵõһЩ鱨ţҲǵһμ
Ȼй졣
ţֻǮ˵ҪͰȥ
Ŷˣ׵ʱȻˡ
˵꣬۲Ͽе֪ѪܹǵѪܹҲǴҩеõģҩȣңԯ
û뵽ҲŸճô֧ߣЩߴʲôԯ֪ˣɹ¼ȴһ֪֪һϢôѲ飿
һ˼ŬƽڿռߺСĥ𡰷ҩں棬ǽһûһ˵ţ˵Ŀ⣬ʱʱɨڳϡ
ܿ죬һվʱ仹ͬóԼǳԴʯһѼٲѪ¼ķ
ǿ죬ֿ֮ʼСи·Ϊ֮Զˣ뵽ٿǣҲЩˣԵ˵һΣҪŹˣԣӦǹâ䣬ܵ
ǿɲһ˲żüá
˵ǫĻȴЦ棬Ǹ˳ɷȵǣǮڡϵԽԽأϵΪڿռ䣬Ǵڡ
ǮڴȥϢ۶Ӧõɹôʱ䣬ûдһҲǰֶҲޣڻȡУǮ˽⵽춴˴춴Ѱ֡
Ǹϣ֪ںδ
ǮʱҲûа취֪ڣϲˣ㣬ǴڵһõϢȫʵϣϵõϢܴӸĹ켣ȥ㣬Щӣ۴ֹ켣ȥ㣬һ֪νĽ
ϴû״֮ʱҲϲţ䣬ȥͬʱһҪ취ЩȡһЩͷѪ֮ࣻرǣϻþԳȥΪʲôû˵֪ƢԵľҲûʣֻ׼ϵĽ飬Գ
ֻ뿪֮ǰһҪǾ춴춴£ȻҲ֪רΪ춴׼һϷ
ͳͬи·ģܳϹϵģ٣ɳˣɳģٱǸɳģҪξɱϵˡ
䣬ɽѾԶҲһ·̣˿̵ԣȻ˻ȥչ׼
ЩȥģȴǻصǬڣվʦǰ


1889 ָ䣬̳
ôֶΡ
ʦ𽫷塢̽һ󣬱˵ӾȻļĨȥһ֣䲻֮£ʵݶ
֤ʵԼ²仰Щңæʵʦʧȥļ仹ָܻܲ
СǬڣѲΪʦ֤ʧȥļ䣬һ㲻ظԭ仰˿Ŷ裬¶˺⣬޵һָ䣬֪ôҵģһĹ㣬һܡ
޺ţ˵ԼĻɣˣʦгϵˣǬڵ似
ʲôǾȣ̶ʵ˵ģ
ʦ𣬵˵ȫʵǬԪնǬһָȵᣬֻûȫӳǬ似Ӳ²⣬Ӧֻһ¡
ʼںδ棿
ʦɫصҡҡͷʾ벻ʦ֪뵽ʲô˵Ǭ似úúõһ£ôõģƾʹֶΣҪùȫϣȫ٣Ϣһ£Ϊʦȥȥͻء
ʦϽϢͷ
˺һʦ˻˵ֶȷʦҪߣϵ֮ɫȷʦػҪŨû˵ֱ˵Ƚļָ˵
ǡ
ʦӦת÷̷һŵҩҩ븹˻֮УԭļƻǷʦְһؼˣһ֣ԭܼ򵥣Ҫȷļһȱʧ
ͬʱԻص֮أһȥʱԲ½ӣŪñǰҪǣȻϣܵĳ֮ǰʢٱ
ףⲻǸ𣿡
˵ȥ½
ǾͲҪ˼˿ˣû˼Ҷ²𣿡
û˵꣬òưԵ˾ȹЦһЦֱҪĸЦ缥ЦЦЦĮӵЦ
Ժϵصͷǰȥ潫ЩĻȫؼԺĬţŰɣſһĶ⡣
ҲԵֵ̫ܽûпԣ̫ʱûȡЦҪ뿪Ƕӵһ𲹻Ƶģǲûȥβһ·Цš
ΧۼԽԽ࣬ЦԽԽ󣬿أ˸оЩԾЦ˵ԣѿɲ·òȥһˣøɵ˰ɡ
Ƕˣϸ·ͨǸõ𣿡
ԭˣ
ԺõӣȷʵҲȡЦãɴ˿˵ﷴӿһͬζ켴ŵƴȨ֮پȺһѡ
ת䣬ת䣬ת䡭
Թһʮεת֮󣬸ԵЩЦ˲٣ǣⲢΪģΪ߹հ˹֮ǵӣ峤޹ԽԽˣеı֮ɫȴǸŨһ뿴ԵĺϷԱŰ򣬻ǱĺϷ
ʳӣ仰Բܷ峤ϣ峤Ļ˵ô࣬õ߳ȥͬնɱԼָóȥۡ
Ҫǣʱ峤˵ʱȥԵֵܽǶΪԵӻˣҲв˾Իͷͷӡ
ȻӺߵǵţһȫˣ洫Ȼ𣬡ĸôʶ࣬ӵĺ£ˣץȥնˡ
ȻԺҪһȡЦĶˡ
һ˽ΪˣΪһȡЦ󷢸пʱͻذͷ¶˾⣬ɤʮغԣҪϢҪ
ԣ˭֪ĸ
ţǻ٣̺ŹСӣ˵Ҫ˵Ĵ𰸣ӶԴš
Ȼ˽ȥЩ˺ǾˣȻǻǲΪԻһֻƴһ¿϶նǧٿ顣
ǣˡ

ʱúܿ죬תۼ䣬ʱȥʱ˵һʽļ尾ʱԽоԽţЩȻķǻĽ֡
ڣٴδˣ𾪵ǣȳֵԵӰԲϵ·Ǵͷβ˸飬˵֮ǰһ˹ĻڵԾһֻݵͻһֲĸоͷ
ֵģ峤Ӱ峤߷ҲޣۿȥͺЩѰûʲô𣬿ƫƫһˣԵףһԿҲһ
ӽԺԾǵ̳ˣ
˵һ֮峤תȥʲô¶ȲҪɾ⵭һ仰ȫɵסˡ
̳ˣȻΨһļ̳ˣ֮ϣĸ֮£ô˵̳˾ѾĴˣøֱ׵Ļ˵˿̵Ѿܾǵ
Ҷȥã˭Ҫ뿪Ļ
Բ˵ȥõסȥĿɿڴӦĸϽǰЦݣƨ
Եüһˣǳ͵صΧ


1890 ޣ˲¥
½ϡ
ִĺ򣬻ҪϺЩ·ȥϵˣ·̵ȵȣԱ֤ʱڸϻȥ
ǮڡϵȻһ·ף֣޵ˣҲûаҪȥ˼֣޵Ŀ⣬볣Ŀ⣬ǡ෴ŵңŨңȻҲ԰ҳ֮ΪɫķţЩâŨ񣬱ܲܽһӦ֮˽Ķ
ڸо½½ʲôͬǱϡͷоȥһо£ϻĸоЩһ
ϸϸ½ͼڴ½ʱҲûʲôһԴڿռ֮󣬳ϵĸоˣһ˼ϵգ˴Ԫռ̧ͷȥ
ͬһĻ½½ĺĻȴкܴĲֱͬӵĸо½ĺĻģиоȴˡ
Ļʲô
նһȴųէﻹУ̫ܲã˲ȥ
·ϣϳڸظо½ռЩ治һСš͵컻ա͡СŲơںϣСεķ֮£ˡռ֮·͡ռѭΡĶŽ似ŵ㶼ںһ
һ࣬µġ͵컻աʳ¯ųϴͨҪܵһƣСݵʱ򣬾ͽǣ浽ķȫȥˣԣھͿ
û˿飬ϳڡ͵컻ա֮УСϽͷݲ񣬰ҩ磬ʱ󣬰ݡǬȵȾ罫ݳϱץסᣬһٴͨ
ʱ䡢սˣҲڿսʱʱػҴڵдһ£սд裬Ѿˣǵ㵽ΪֹѪĴֻҪΣС
գ͵컻աѾСջ֮ô죬ΪС֮ʱȫΪ죬СռѭΡСŲơȽϤ
ϱһµġ͵컻աΣֲ뱩¶µĵƣȻЩǮڡϵȴڵദ죬ǣĹϵʲôӣ˵
ôأ
ǳһԵĳϣü˿Ϊʱѣȴ֪Ϊʵ似
Ҫһ֪ͺˡ
ôԺͻȻ뵽һ⣬ǰвڿռγ֮󣬳ټȻᲨ֮Ӧǣϼ꣬Ҳƽһ˼
ҲרŸ似͵컻գвУеĻʱڿռʵˣ˭Ҳ
Ϊµ뷨Щϸ׼ȥ߾кͣ£ǰһ¥Ĳҵ¥Ĳ裬ȻͨĲ裬רƿԻָƣԲǿȵ֮Ĳ裬Ĺܣļ۸ȻͲˡ
˵һ˾ڱ״̬ˬ裬üƷԪʯĻҪһǧ飬ǳǴӾŴ͵ŵ֮һ۸񣬿һ衣
ҪĻЩҪ߽ĺ򣬾ͱ뾭¥˵İţҪۼһŻͨߡ
˿̲¥棬ȺҲȽӵ඼ֵˣΪҪμȶҲвǸֵˣյ룬ǰ֮ˣҲŴҪҵˣǲһ㡣
˳֣Ѿε꣬ڿռԸ壬Ǹ¥ȥ
ʮˣҲһȽӴĶ飬߽¥ûǵ֮Ǯڼ״ŭȥѰȴֹˣȥǳһЩҪ鷳˵һʣϾͿ뿪ˡ
¥棬Ѿв˽Ŀ˳ǣϽ¥һУ֮۵ףЩĿʱЩˬ죬ȻͬΪˣЩ˸ĸоھ䡢ļջȵȸĸоȫһ
ҲûзϾӴˣʲôУʱ˻¶εɫԳ˵ҪһʱˣҪһ˲ųһΣңÿͳȥһ󣬻ҪϾŸʱʱ򣬲ŸͳȥһŶӵȺˣ
Ҳ˵ҪʮŸʱ
С㣬ֻġ
пɹϢķһ𣿡
￴¥в˵Ŀ⣬ζɨСݼһŮϣЩˬ¶ԱǸɫС㣬ֻв¥ֻṩ裬ҡ
ҺȲˣҪȥܴ¥
¥¥һΪߣӹߵĻ˵Щ죬ע⵽΢һ£˵󣬱㽫Ŀ˵ϣĵ
ܸ˰
ǲ׼ظ֮ǰĹ£һαأ
Цζʮ㡣


1891 ɱ˻
ߵļЦҲЦ˵׼ˣֻǲ֪˭˭
𣿡
ûмߣվ¥ݽϸߴӸµظŵ۾˵һǵǰʮӣµӺݺݵɱˣڶֶûн롣
ɱ֣ϵ۾ͻһ£󸴹ƽһ˵ɱɱ¾˼Ҳпֹȵ֮˼
ǣ˵ʱ򣬳ȴظоǹɱŵѪȵζҿ϶ɱǼѪ˼
ȻʹӦҪμȣһֱΪȽһЩԶѣûϵĻϾö࣬һܽ͸ղŲ¥Щ˵Ŀˡ
ɱ𣿡
ǻһĨЦݣѾ˵꣬Ҵǵ꣬ˡɫص˵͵ɫЦꣿǵ겻Ҳ𣿡
ܿġ
ЩˣЦøˣ߱˵ǰˣҲûмǻ˵һ˵󣬾ڵɣִʮµɱأ
ⷬ˵꣬ŵʮӣ͵ɢҵɱɱҲΪŨԱźȲߣеڵˣеĻżֻ֣еĲ豭顭
ɱ𣿡
ŭһȣҪ跴ȴݹһɫŭûзɿϣϵ˵ͷŭƽȥɱӹ
һĻĻ߶ؿɫʲô˼ΪԼ⣬Ǿ̣ץ쭵Ļ᣻ֿϣЩˡ
ţ߸оһɱ⣬ʱѭɱȥһۿģȴǾ䣡
СӣϷǳ㣬ôˣֻ֣ˣЩŮһûֵġ߼ŵ˵󣬵ǲ¥ÿһߣ÷ǳʱЦ
ЦУһЩۣһ˵Ⱥʲôͷԭģֲþֻվŵĵӣҹӣλ
ǸһŪãûԼСûˣҪ󣬰ˡ
벻ףЩŮôͿǡ
ιС椣ǱģҴүɣ

޼ɵۣû߿ĳˣΪڰƻչҪŭǡ
ֵλͬ˵öΪĻλǮҸȫˡ
ʵȻˬ
һţָϽ²裬˳ǮʵֶԵ˵ûвǮҪûеĻãԺҪɱǵķϣǺһ衣
̲סҪȥˣȴȵ䣬վס
䣬ҼǵǰɱһоŹڵˣ֪ûйϵ
֣
ããֵҲô֣ϧˡʵ⻰˫أҲ˸ףҪǵץס֣ͳ˳ȥ
ʵûܼþֽ֣Ŀ˳ϣ˵ûΪСӣû
Ͷ䣬δš
ǮǶԼϢڱεúܺãͨͨߣǸоҲ˲ΣյĸоǰոʵĻоҪȻͲ˷ˡ
رһĶŪһЩĻ˵ûֵСӣ뼤ŭϷҪŭϷһʲôĺ
ϲ֪ΪʲôҪž䣬֪ǰЩǾĳˣ˱㹻ˣתͷŵҪҽɱ˻ô
ƮƮ˵Ļصһ˶ˣ˲񣬿ЦضԼĵ˵޽˵Ҫɱң
ʦ
Сӣ𣿡ųϣͷѹûѹѹɽڿռ䣬ڡ顱ҲڿռҪġ
룬شϣڱУɱǣɱǣǰɱҵļһ
⻰뵽˵ʱͶ˵ǵ˼ңϺ飬˵ͷ˵á
󣬳ֵϣ֪ʲô£ǿһ֮Ȼ뵽еôȫ
Сӣɣڳ㹻ļƷԪʯ£Ϳߡźεɱ˵󣬻һתСӣǮ㹻ļƷԪʯ𣿡
֮ô϶ûмƷԪʯΪ½һĵط½δ䣬˥֮󣬺ܶĶûˣԪЩϡ˲١
˵ƷԪʯȷʵûС
Сӣϸǳˡ
ΪƷԪʯ̫ͼˣǶмǴģ
ֱӳССŰٿǳԴʯ׸ߣؿм˵Ϊʲôһʯͷѡ
ۿȻֻῴʯͷˣҪۿĻǾǳԴʯ
ϻ䣬ؾͿЦ̫ˣǻǳԴʯƾǣƾ½㵱ϷûмǳԴʯϷ򡭡
صĻû˵꣬һȴ찡ǳԴʯ


1892 ߣ
ӵˬأһͻľĻϣܷӦأؾҪһ٣Ѿſ͵ؿһӰǰ켴˵ǶǳԴʯϣ缢ǣ˿ɿڵķֱֻž⣬ǳԴʯץģﲻͣţǳԴʯǳԴʯҴûмô࣬ƷôߵǳԴʯЩǳԴʯҾ͡
˽ζţ뵽Ҫ⣬æʵЩǳԴʯ˭ģ
ϣ⡭
ؿӰеĲˬ˲ʧޣ϶Цݣֺõ˵תһҲº͵ʵСһԭ㡣
˵Сһؿûа㲻죬ϽӦ͵ԣңϻǵңϡ
меĲϣŹ˲ú͸гأϽתƻ˵ЩǳԴʯģ
⡭
ЦݶΣԹ޵Ŀⲻɨȥû뵽Щ۵ʯͷǼֵȼƷԪʯ߳ǧ򱶵ǳԴʯղűֳĸУһǳԴʯǰһˣú֣ܵϷӣϷ򶨻ӱ֪Ϸĺ
ˬ۾ʱϲˣЩͷʵǲģ
ǣҡ
ʲô˵ôķϻֱ˷ʱ䡣ֱӲˣ˵꿴ظղŶŵĳϣ˵СһǳԴʯģ
ڣˡ
Ҳ÷ǳϽмΪŵĸΪСһضûаֲ죬ڸرþһҽŭֳ
Щ˵ϴλͣһЦ˵ڣЩǳԴʯˡ
ʲô
Щ򵥣ϵ˵仰Ǳ˵ؿųϣ˵һ仰ǲϣе˶ˡ
ð֮󣬲ѹ糱˼˵֪ЩǳԴʯļֵ𣿡
֪
ϵı飬ϼ˵ţЩǳԴʯȥһԱĴ½Ի´ࡣ
Ŷ
ϻû˵½Ӧһֵܶ飬ҩܻ֮࣬ö׵֣̤֮ľ϶пܻá
ΪϯܹöݣԱ߸صĵ۾ﶼ¶˾⣬һӳ۳ϣôƵᣬֵڣ㻹ȷЩǳԴʯġ
ǵġ
ȷϲ˵٣ƽ֣ҪǳԴʯ봢ָУʱó˵һ
ʲô
˵⻰òϸоصʵҪǳʲôᣬЩǳԴʯİ˵ܼ򵥣һȺҪٶ뿪
á
ϰԥû̴ӦؿһҲҪʱ
û⡣
֪ԼǳԴʯãҪȻĻǮڡСݼǵ֣治Ū󣬳ԼĵڶָŸһˣҪߣңܴ¥档
á
Ǹɾһ֣ϸûпǸʲôܣҲȥܸصŭʲôɫֻǶ˷ԸǸϷȥ
ϣأҡ
ˣҲ˲жԳϵĺ޵˺εȾ磬Ͻ飬汻ȥǾͲӶ˵⡣
Ϊ¥ĵλú⣬ƽҲûʲôҪѣ糱ıǿɾͲˣ糱Ȼûô£˵ѾǶˡ
Դˣ֪ȴǷǳ˵ϳȥ˵꣬ߵǰ˵߰ɣҪǶ֡
˫ŭųϣΪһжǳϺģЦŶԳ˵ӣ̫ˣ絽¥ȥСһ
лϺ⣬ˣ˱Ƚϲ֡˵ţĿһתԸ˵ʩˣסǸտʼڣ߳ȥˡ
˵꣬תֱղ˵ûеӣӡλЩȥ˴˿ҲˣһǳԴʯѽסΪЩȫԽ֮ʰǡ
Բϣضʵ˳ȥοǣаû˲䱬˿̣ϸպߵǰ˸Ͻ˵ʲô
㲻ϲԸ
£һץסĲӣʯӶһӴȥ˻ûзӦѾ顱һӲѪֱ
˴󾪣ղҲ澳Ϊǿߣڳһ֮º޷֮𾪵ĿյϽЩ˵û֣ŮӵǣһԶ˳ȥ
һҪʮλڻ߸
ǰߵվ±˳ȥЩ˵ĺ󳾣һóʮλ
£һ
Ǯһ£µˣжڷ𣬶ȴٶǳԴʯ˵ϲ裬ϽõĲ
󣬲ߵǰЦӣĲ裬ζܺãԶೢ
Ҫж֮鼮ȵһ࣬ռʱǳԴʯ㻻
ȥ׼У
á
Ӧתͷ˵Щ飬Ūס


1893 Ѫ
ء
֪˶ʣ˼һ£˵˵ϲ֪صĶԹǴǰʼģͬΪӵʱ򣬾˸
ǻʽϺãһ;ȴʮģΪʾһУԣصʵԲһЩĵصԭԵټͬʦֵܻгȵȣԵĹע϶һЩ͸øˡ
˵һ;ЩϵΪڶʼŭȼ֮£ʹаƣõԪ˼һǰѶˣ෴ĴѰõҩΪڽ״ѹȥû٣ŬѰŻᣬҲʱӴ˲㡣
ʱһζȥƾŲ㣬ûȻӣԣڵڸֵʱǰһֱѹŵĸһӿĳޣʱѡķֵ٣õһΣʱһϵȥõĲ֮øǿȻǸذиԼŪȥ˵õȥ˵ʱ˥½
½½ȫûñȣͺñһǷٸĵĳһȴĴׯҪǣʱ½ûķֵֻд½һ󷨣Ȼʹſܲ½ϼˣŽ½ȥ
ֻǣٴʧǣûоܾȻͬ⣬űһЩͨǸ󣬵½ǴΪ
ȻҲһȴû½ԼĿ֮£Ѱ˲šϵȵȣ˿½ķչ
ܿ죬͵֮ڣµʮ˻ȥȴڵһϸأʮȫնɱֻʣһ˻ص½
Ѫ𣬱˽£Ҳ
˵棬Ѿд˱ߵ飬ϸһζʵбɣ
ǵģܵϣǸүүҸصӣҲϯʹߣȨƼ󡣡
Ŷ˵ڵһϸأǾǺˣ
϶ظ£һνɱ
һЦʵԵ޹ʵ½İɣ
ȷʵˣʱ֮ͬ⣬ΪҲ㵽½ˡô˵ʱĿֱųϣ˼ԲϾˡ
һ·£õţҲǵΪʲôΪϲԭʵĲ㹦ԶԶȲϸϣϡ
ɵԳˣǳԼͶĹͷŲ˷ֺϡֻ㵽ء
½ʧ֮ô򵥡
Լ뵽ڵõڴ֮ǰǺӰһһҪ½
ǲеλ
û
߽ҡҡͷǡʱϵļƷò赽ˣ㲻ŨֻЩĵ㣬Ͻӹ裬᳢һڡ
һʱһɺˮ̵ӿشȫӲֹסЩɢѪอ֮Уȫɽڿռ
ͬʱϽĲˮһ
һĻպǰѯʵĲϿЦʱ֮ɫϵôǳԴʯϵǱ裬ȻͨĲ裬衣
˼壬л֮Ӵȴǽܻ֮УҶΪҪԭƶɣҶȴģʬ棬дʬѪ⾫ȵһУˮա
;ҶӣҲкƴԽõģԽƴԽ
ΪƵģǧݵҶپַϣƶɣ֣֮ܽҶеȫǻǿСܹﵽʮ֮ࡣ
裬һܺȵģϡ׺ȵ֮⣬һԭǺȲãһ˺ˣпܾǱ
ûв쿴ϵΪȴǿ˳ϵͬһ㣬Ϊǿ裬Ϊϴ跥壬óϵǿ̶ȣһ̨סò˵ϲµòֻǲϲ֪ϵļƻڻ̫ǿſپͨء
ڲϵԤ֮УҪʱڣغȣ𽥽ɢѪУǣȴǽһݵʧ֮󣬲ϼǰҪ˹
ǣȴתʵϣȻúȣ鴫ֻǣϣ軹𣿡
û¶
ʲô£
ϳ׾ˣвųϵѾǿ־磬߿ʵôӴȫˣ
ϵ˵ͷ
ʹǿѹȥصУֻǡ
ԸǳԴʯ
˵ţЩеóһ׸ߵǳԴʯٴαס˵ǲϾòһиģǳԴʯ
С
ϸҪѿʳȴͻرס죬˵˵ű㽫¥ȥ䡢սҪȥ֪ǵ˼˵û¶ҡ


1894 
ߺ󣬾䡢ǮǻǷĲ£䲻˵ֵܣǮڣЩ֮⣬ǴڣǮ˵ţǧ£͵Űɣ
߿˵ĽЦ˵Ǹˣϲ£ҲϽгȥҲڴһ汣ϣ
˵ţߵĿ⣬¥ɨһȦ¥еˣûΪϸղǼ֣ȫסǵ۾Ũ
ߣ
һߣ¥¶轵˶ֱ֮УǱеĲ裬ѾסˣȻڿռʧʵֻͦ࣬ںͬһ˵ЩˣȻʮ㡣
һߣ֮ôУΪӴڿռ伫Ϊ֮⣬бںȥ˲䣬Ȼһ쳣Ϥĸо
ָоֻ̤֮·ĳΪѪЩƣһʱϱʶ뼫пĪĹϵˣóϱüС
ܿ죬ϱų߽һǳª֮󣬱Գ˵ȵǱ裬衭
һϾ֪ԼĲ²ˣò֮󣬳ϲɸп֮ǰǹӴӿʱϲ²˲費򵥣ȴϣ˵Ĳ򵥡
ʬΪϣ軹治һ󣬲һǧݡ
ϸп֮ʱ鲻Խ뵽ɽ£ˮͬһҵͷֻԺһϵעǷϡ
ϣԸ⻻ȡе裡
ϿһۿڳԵĳϣ˵Ҳ㣬ƾ֮ǰôǳԴʯٸݼȫʲô⣬ֻǣ軹һΪҩݡ
ʲôҩݣ
һ·ǳԴʯȡ˲ٵҩģ˵вҪĸҩģϴ̾Ϣ˵Ѫܹ
Ѫܹ
ٴס뵽ܴܶϱߵҩģƫƫû뵽ѪܹϿϵ𾪣ΪΪѪܹϡѵö𾪣˵Ŀǰ֪ģܵõѪܹ;ֻܴҩй򣬵ڣǡ
˵ţϵ۾͵һֱˣΪϵУѾһЩۿȥѪܹʲôҩɫֱ䣬ֹţǴõģ
ϵŻȡѪֻܹԼġҩ뿴ܴܲӸ෽ȥ˽һѪħ壬ȴû뵽ʱոպþó
ҩĵȵȣȫ𣿡
ٴԼ˿̣ѪܹɲΪơٵҩô򵥣Ѫܹ;һĹ㣬Ҫǣôɼ壬õĴ𰸣ҪѪܹ͵ȥҩ
ֻһиѪܹҩȻʲô֣
Ժ˲ͷϣҲûеŲϣЩѪܹ𣿡
ˣ㹻ˡ
Ѳϵͨ˿һתͶ˾ƬҶ˵ֻóôʵǶõĻ㵹ǿȥܵһڳϣٶôһЩʱٻصʱٰƣȻǵҪѪܹҩҶС
ллˡ
ȱæлңСһһ䣬Ͳ£
ʲô
Цţ֪ʣ˵ôǳԴʯͲ¸Ҳµ֮УűıˣȻٽĶҵĶ
ˣͲһˡ
һҾҪأֻߣΪնϹ
ν
⻰˵Ǵʵڿռ䣬ҪľǸָкģ޺ģȻ벻Ϊʲôлᣬ϶Źϼ˵նҲҪԣĻ͵ÿĹ᲻ʵܲܵסˡܵסңֻ¾ͻˡ
СһĺЩҪпͷˡ
˵ЩˣҲףֻһЦ֮˵òҪȥҵļˣ򡭡ҲǳҪߣøߵԭ
˵֮󣬲ϱר裬ҲûбܿϣôţҲûװʲô˾ӣĿתضţѲϵÿһÿһ裬Ժ
ʵʵʬںδǣûʣҪ˵˵ˣ˵ġĳǻٶС仰Ѿ͸¶˼ˡ
ϴԴЩϵ֣ңи
ʬ壬ţСڣꡭ
һĶãϱ߼ţԺﻹһģйصĶڿռʬأǻˣǱ˸ռסļ䣬˭ϵӦ꣬Ҫһؼ䣬ŵûǡ
ͼڴ½ϣͼ嵽ɼ֪£û壬壬УΪûûеĻΪԳΪΪۣ
ţѾƺһϽӹԥһںȾٴΪϵֱ̾Ϊܹ̫ǿԵʡ
켴ּƵڶ


1895 ô
ڶı
һʱ֮ڣϽƬҶЩѪܹȸҩģȫƳ˾ű裬Ͻ˾űɽڿռ
ʱڿռ仯ִɽߣǿҲðһأٵı仯ؽС󶼸ɢâһ貣һº͡
ڿռӿ꣬תţת֮УΪʵĵطԽԽ࣬һҫƽɫĹâ
СӺˣСھֱγһģ˷ϵµһԶ
ֻǱǿСڵǻ꣬һĻǻסˣǴ㶵棬Ŀ鲻ԽأˣΪǻЩ֪ЩȻã̵öˣǸޣֱӵĺǡ顱һʲôûˡ
ͱǰУǻţֻҪԼվĴҪһϢʱ䣬ͻ군ֻӴĲһϢϢҲǼʱ⣬ǻؿϴһ
ҲԭɣǻСڵʼɱˣϾǻʵߣΪ𣡱ǻܲĲˣǣһ֮ǻ꾹Ȼ֣ǹ˺˲١
һǳϲķ֣ʵʵô֮ǻȫĵͶ뵽СڵС
ǻת䣬Ҳظоˣʵ˵ǳƶã˿̳ϵעûзǻ棬뵽һͦҪ⡣
СҲգҲãСŮˮȵȣĶڿռ̵Сڿռȷʵڼ٣ǣû˶˥һָ֮С
رǵͻƵʱָоǸоʵĴڣСӤŮͯٵŮÿһεĳɳڿռǿ
ãҽڿռСڴڿռСԼֱ϶Ҫõöࡣţŵȵꡢˮ긴գСڡСŮ֮󣬶ڿռ仯ңʱĳҲϣСǾţʬ壬ڻȽϺһ㡣
ֻǣʲôʱأ
һʼˣʣСڡСŮͲ˵ˣû׼ɰˮꡢ״̬ʱζӦ˲Ŷԣǣǻûж
ΪʲôĪڿռеӳǵĸʱ䣿
Щͷһֻ룬㽫һߣڵ£иЩҪˣǾǳڳ׽ű֮˵ڶΡ֮١Ҫٵĸо
ͷųһѪ֮Уһ£ȻԱ֤ٷ֮١ȱؿٳǣٻһЩҲӣϾͿһԣһˡ
˾űĲϣҲЩƣϸģȴƣ֮ɫ֮ݣ̾ţزɣűһʱ֮ھˣ˵һңֻҲܳסô񱩵
Ͽ벻Ƕһ޶ڿռ䣬ϳһ󣬶Բ˵ϣ֮ǰһʲôǶʲô
Ŷ
űϵıָŪϲ㶼ô¶϶ԳϵĺøУֶ˼֣ƽϢһ˵һԴʯǳԴʯԴʯ
Դʯ
׳ϼ״źĿ˵ûеĻǾˣһĻԴʯԴʯ֮࣬΢Ѱһ㣬кһԴʯǳԴʯϡ٣Ѱҡ
һ£Ͽϻڳ˼˵һߣҪԴʯǳԴʯԴʯԴʯײߣȡ˸в񷣡
񷣿
һ飬޵ð֣񷾡ںݡô˵ЦݸŨˣһҵ֪ĸоֻŲ˵
ڿռŪԴʯƵǳԴʯһȴʯ֮УʮӺڲͣٵĿϢ䣬ȡ˳ݸϣ˵ϣ㿴ǲ⣿
ʲôǲǣ
ϰУһ̶ҶУ̽ϸ֤ӣȷų˵ġԴʯ
ͻľϲòϼѣЦԴʯһŪԴʯԴʯòˡ
ˣ㹻ˣԴʯѰҵģԴʯԴʯȥ̫ͺ¹һ£붼Сϻ벻˵ţȴ̫͡¹ָ
ּʮϢʱ䣬ŽԴʯ˵ϣǿ𣿡
Ŷԣмӱˡ
æųȥ߱˵ֻ鷳໹ʹһ㾢ⷬǲʹһ㾢⣬ֱֻӾͽظѹòҶˡ
һѪ
ԣЦ˵ϺˣϣҴ鷳أңǾͶռЩָȵȡ
Уû⡣
ˬ˵ȴų˵Ǿ仰


1896 ֮
Ȼ˵ϵƷܺãѬ֮ˣսǮڵˣȫģΪǳԴʯʲôʯͷ
̰ǣǳԴʯ˵һˣûŵһôԽ棬˵ĵŨۿʱʱҪˣսѾסˣһվ¥ȥơ
տʼǻסΪҶΪƾϵʵ㱻ݺҲֳֻҪһǾȺֱ֮¥ˡ
ɵڣȻϢ㷴ӦûУҲӰվĿ¥ݣҲܲƽ϶˵ڹ˽̫ҪСҲϢ佫Ӹ£λϣʵ֮۷ʱڣҪѷһûп³ӣǡ
뵽һܣɫ䣬Ժ֣͡ţ
һǴţпһЩд͹ܵ󷨻ֶΣǳıطѾˣܺܺõؽ۾ľƣ͵ĳӴټңҲ㶯
뵽⣬ϸϽǰ̤ȥֱҪ¥ϳ壬ԸǮʱ׼֣ļǵ̤¥ϣϵӰˡ
˶һһ棬ʱô¶Щ棬ɷ־Ӷ࣬лһ
ǿˡ
ϵȴǸպƮ˳ȥ˸صĶؾֱһȭģɨӣ豾ȱصǾ͵ŰɣʱǹݺݵңǰĻ棬϶ٴݣ
ݺ󣬸ֶԼĵ˵עǸСӣое졣ػûȫʧȥǣʵʼԵ֮⣬о뼤ŭǣǵǳðţƻеúúõģȴóǳԴʯˡ
صȻͷȴûзϣǿʮ֣½ĴڣЩ½ģȻ֪ŪǳԴʯʵôܳùǣҪǳùĻ֮ǰǵɱôɱһģΪҲôǿǱ߱Ӳ¥ģǸǲмһˣΪЩ̫ˣҲܺ
ʮ뷨ԴƽʱĽ̵ϢϢأԸǽ֮ˣԼƢѡĵӣʤ
һߣһѾӲרſŵͨˣ˵ʱ֮󣬾ܵߺ󣬲óǳԴʯԴʯ˰죬˵ˣ
ǲϵʵ뷨ǣҲסϣȴһס˵ģ͵˵ߵˣ㹻ɵˣ˾Ȼ͸
⴫ͨУҲûţš͵컻աСֲ̽ŴͨȿС󷨸Ӷǿ󣬻ܹԿռĸżȥһˣʶϵĿռ֮·͵컻գǳ֮ˣڿռռУϱԿռĸ˺ѷ͹˵ġ
˵ͨ˲Լյѹһֱûʧ˻ᣬȻ
ʱһζ
˻һΧѹȵĸоʧʱһ˵Ŀĵأھ嵽ʲôط˵ϣЩ˶֪
ϣڽʱջ񣬾ʱһʮ㣬Ź˳Īϣˣ
˶ɫһ䣬Ϊ˭ģϣǸʡ
Ļû˵꣬ŴĹâʧ˵֮˵Ӱӳ˳ϵȻû˵һʡѾ㹻ˡ
ʱԺðһͷҪʹáаٱ䡱תɲϵӣһʱòϢ̬ҪװɲϣǻûʲôѶȵġ
һ룬ַ˴һаٱҲǵһţؼʱ˵óرҪȥĴڣԲҲǲò
ϲûȫڹâʧ֮˵ͷɲǼ䣬Ͼ˸֮˵Ĳ̽ʵô
˵⻰Ͳϲӣʱһģһ֮ûɻʵػشպֵҼжӭӲϡ
ֵͺúõֵܹʲô
ҡ
Ժûʲô¶ͱܡ
ǣϽѵǡ
ҳ鴤ţЦֲòסĽţΪˣͦ˼
ĺ⣬ȴŨˡ
ϽŸ֮˺һ뵽һҪ֮£òϺܲ˵ҶϷ򣡡
ϡ
ôӦһҶϷƳ裡
ϸո˵꣬Եظо֮˵ĺһЩﲻǵջҲСҲǣűڿռ仯ôջ󲻴Źأֻǲ֪ܹó
ʲ𣬳ϾͿ֮˵˾ƬҶƬ治١ţ֮˱߽Ҷݸϣ̧ͷ


1897 ׵
̧֮ͷһ˲䣬۾͵ֱˣʯˣԺһƬհףӿʣǲǲרõģһ˶òãЩ˭ΪʲôΪʲôղûз
ڸ֮֮ʱѾ֣һץ纣°㣬ֱӽǾƬҶУ֮ŻعųϵĿ⣬ֱ˻ŭɵСӣҶϷ򻹻ҪȻϷҪ
㶼ͳˣô˼Ҫȥأ
Цݵ˵ǮЦֻ֮гϣŭܣֱϷĴϣϷ㣬Ҷ
ŶԭǸصүү

Ĳˣ
ϴЦݣѹ˵ƬҶѾˣҲûˣֻ˵ţû뵽ɾõ˾ƬҶǬľпܻῪٳˣƬҶС֪֪֪ʬںδʱѻһԣ
ϸ־ԣȻ֪ʲôȻҲΪܹƳ裬ǿǲϵĶطˣҲǸ־ԶԲʮֹڼʱûзųȥ̽ڳ˵ˬ콫Ҷóԭ֮һ
Ϊųȥ̽һַǳòΪ־Կɲƽϲ죬˲ϣϲݲһ֣ݳĲ述ҩ˵ϵʵǸĪ⣻û뵽߳ˣͲǲϣ־Ը֪ǣ̽Ҳʲô̽鲻š
裿Ϣʱ䣬ҪǲҶϷϷѪѪ裡
Ȳ𣡡
ϵ˵˼ҪҶҲ˼㣬͵ļ񣬲أ裬㵹ϣȵġ
־ҪŭˣȴŸأ־ԶмӡһʱʱŭӿˣǸ·ϣ𣿡
ΪϣݸɱʮӣǱûҪģ
ػһ䣬־ɱ֣û֣ˣֵܹñˣ־仰˵۾⣬Ҫɱȥס䣬˵̫ˡ
˳˼Ӳ嶯ѹȥеɱ⣬øŨ־ȴǽĿϣߣǸɵ½ĵʹɣ
ǡ
㻹ʲôϽ£͵
תͷΪʹ˵õģǣ˳ǸܵģУһ·ʵʲôˣ߿
ԣ߶һЦתͷԸ־˵ʴϣ֪˺Ҫ£Ҫ͵
ߵĻشȷʵ˸־Ե⣬ԭ־룬ҪάסҲǵ˿ֱ̣ʣ־һɱӿ˵һ·ϣϷҶﲢ㹻͵ˣ
ϣӣˣûп·ϣǴҿģԼԸ⣬ԽҶ͸ģԣԲ
ⷬ˵꣬ڸ־Կ߾Ѿһˣʱ־Ѳ֮ǰôˣЩ˵ӵóȥ𣿻ܻȥ
ˣ־Цʵװ˵ֵΣ
⣬ǣ浽ϣ߻治ûشʱЦ˵ȥʲϰ˵꣬ϳŭʹ˸ɫ˵һ仰ŭͷ󣬳ת˵ڸȥ
ҪȥģȻڵأҲǳ̤ǰȥ־һ㶣ЩˣһССķֵһڵӣȻ
λȨصĸ־ԿǾ̵飬֣ͳնɱնŭͳ˸־ԡ
һ˳ȥ־Լ״ӿֲˬסˣĶ֣ƫƫѲκ󣬸־ԾͷˣȽŭնɱ˵
ͬʱ־ΪǾߵóȥ𣿼ֱǳ룡ʮŵı󣬸־Դţ߳ȫ£ǵȡϷҶðϣҡ
ף⴫ȥ
־һ͹ŭˣ˵ϷҶܻĵ̣ѾذΧˣţ·ֻ·һ
ȷʵĵ̣ϧĵ̣
Ϸ򡭡
־Բһ仰ģЩǱŭ³һѪЦ˵ҰĻС
죬Ϸȥ
׳գûʱˣٺú棡
˵ţŭͳһŵҩ£ţѪֱ־ԣ־Կɲ뱻Ѫմæܹͬһ˲䣬ŭֱնһǴУƿ־ԣӰһʧ˸־Եǰ־ΪŭҪһֱ棬û뵽ŭ˵ôɾ䣬ûз
ܵõ𣿡
־˵ţûʹȫٳȥԲ첻ٶȥʮ㣬׼˿һȺ˱ΧŵĺϷ
һ־̤˳ȥ


1898 һˣ
ǴģܴϷѣмֹ򣡲һǵ־Ծţ˳
ǣǰĻ棬һɵۡ
־һֱΪĽǸƭҶĳϵˣᱻפڸΧס̶ͬ
˫ȴǿһ
ûޣûӣûд򶷣ǰĵģɸɾģʲôûУǸƴɱֵˣҲˡ
ô
־Ե˫һӺˣŭպģһδ⣬ȸղŽϵɲͳҶң֮ǰ˵޷ڣȫĽ䱸
ϷǺųΪʲôûأ
һ־Ծ쵽˲ԾǡʱһӰ־ԸϽȵվסлһȣȻȻش
˱־һȣĤʱѪӻһģȥ˸ϽŸ־ԣǴϣиӿ־壬ţΪʲôҳ֣ѵ˵ǡ

־Ժʹٶȵ˸־ǰڹʱ־ԾͺʵղϷԸû𣿡
ϣ˵ʲô
Ժˣ־вʵһû𣿡
˸ղŴ˵ģʲôû
˻ش𣬸־ԵʱʶЩ鷳ˣȺ棬뻹и֣ʵôǿ棬϶оҪȻҲ̺ܽܵʹһ˿ûд
⣬һֿܣǷƷ׵ķˣˣ
ǣֿܣԸ־˵Ǻ¶ͻأ־ɫֱ䣬æʵʱ򣬿һȺ𣿡
ˣˡ
ȥˡ
ĳǱȥ
û䣬ļѵĸ־ѾһٶȲܣֱˣѪŸ־Եıľ֮󣬸оʹУԹޣʲô˲𣬲ǱǧҪȻڱ㻹Ҫ
־Ȼ֪ôģȻ֪ˣ־Ҳǻ벻⣬˵˳֣Ĩɱ־ôΪҶϴˡ
ȻΪϣŪǾƬҶҲ˺ܴľԭΪóҶϵĹϵһ飬ԱڹؼʱãϵñһСӸթˡ
־ԲҶʧĳڵ׷ȥﻹ˵ģϣʶȤȻϷŲǲһŮˣնɱˣ綼Ҫ㣡
һߣĳס֮ԶˣŭҲص˶֮Уʵô
ȻǵһϷҪƭӦûǺ׵ġ
ŭ˵ţʱĳ˳˵˵Щǲ̲סɱһˣ˵ѾΧţµ·Ψһǰ׳յ㡣
ھ룬ǸͷǰտҲɫġ
Ҳź壬ҹҲ˵Ѿǵڶܴ϶ŭˣǲ֪᲻ᱻԼŭ
һЦҲЦŭԽ࣬Խá⻰Ǯڶ˳ϵϿᣬѾ˸־Եıҽ֡
־ԺȳȻǱϸڿռȫϢó뵽ɥ꣬ҲǼΪܵرڿռš
ǰˡ
˵뷨һȫûˣеֻһֽҪǵļεķ룬ȥͼڴ½˵ʱ˲٣ǣһط飬ࣻ뵽һͻˣҪΪֻԵɺϣǸҪϷ󣬾Զٿ˰ˣˡ
ĳϣϫǵƼȥ½λϣһֱȽչˣҺ͸־ǲͬӪˣгҪˣǻҲóϵˡ
̶̵ľ룬һζ
Ҫĳڰ׼Ҵ壬Ͽ϶һɤӣһˣϧֻý飬档
ɾʱһ𣬡Ҹ㣬ӦҲôӦӦҲôӦΪϻţҾͲҰô
ٹҾͲˡ
䣬ȡ֮һĮԳ˵ȴϤޱȣɱȻʹӳϾֱ̰վߵǮҲһݡ
صɱ
Ů˵ôŮ˿϶йϵɡţųϵӰ˹ȥͬʱǸõҾҪҪôأΪϻ㣬ѾʦסˣЩѣʲôļ֮ģסˣеһУҶ뵽ˣԣ˭ҲȲ㣡
ɣ
ҾͱɣôˣʵɣʹӦΪ˫ް°ɣܹҸʹӦɡ
ҾҲóѣ
Ҫ㣬ͱӲˣ
Ӱֱȥ־Ӱ£֮ģһ⣡


1899 ޾ŭ
˽ų˹ȥ˫ֻħצҪħצ֮£֪ԼǴ˶֣Ϊ˲Լ裬Ψһİ취Ա
ѾӿȴһϤĸоָоеǳģҪԱľٶһͣΪָоֻһܸ
Ǿǳϡ
ˣ
ʸ𣬽˫ħצֱӱնɷĩΪޣͬʱûһѪΪϲѪͻ˼ˣǵȾѪ
Ӱ䶨֣һֻ̫ȴǿֽţϤζ˵ĸоζģһɵڣ¡

ʲôû˵ҲûʣһСϱƵģһ
⸱ߵòö˿ЩգΪΪֹûио˫ִľʹֻԼ˫ֱ϶һƵģԣעԼ˫֮ϣڳϣǣʻ졣
ʲôˣϽҷſ
ŭƹĿ⣬ĮӵؿһۣҵŮˣҲȻ²⣬ûϵϻֱӵ˵
ŮˣֱЦ˵ǾŮˣ˵ǾͲǣ
𣿡
Ȼǣɱ㣬Ȼҵˣ˵û˿ֹҵõ㣬Сӣ֪˭𣿡
һˣ
ϵޱˣϤϵ˶֪ʲôöʻĵ˻ûиоһȣ
켴˾ҪϷ־ʱŷ֣ûˣһӻˣٽ־ʱˡ
˫Ȼʧȥȴûа㷴ӦһĻȼŭȻˣʵˣǵģǣʹ˷ʹ˵ģȵСӣٳϵ״ӣҪɱң϶ŭʦ𣬵ʱʦضҲ
˸˴ȵıǮΪԼ򲻹ϣϾԲʦĶ֣ΪʦҪ̤֮ˣֻǻһ
ƣ
ն£ɲȻ˸оˣȴ£ֱ۱ˢˢն˵ļںδ
˱п־ѻò֪ȻͻأؿЦģǣһ㣬ˣ
ɱŰȥɱ˾͵ֿסҲ˲ãֻɱĥƫƫûѪð
ʹ֮£˻ͬһ˵ļһЩŮ˿ǲǶԽûǸģҵʦֵǿˣƾһļʲô֮ڵģôǶ֣˵ǻˣ˵ڣѾóˣ
ЦУ˸ûעϵĿ⣬͸Ѫɫڼ˵ţˣǻһֵŮˣζҪǡ
ˣȻֹ
Ͻն룬˫뿪ûȻϣİֵģˣ˭
Ե֣Ͼʹ⣬ȥ⣬ǾȻҶԼ֣޾ķŭ
ǳеۣ˭Ҳܴ
֮ɲô򵥣
ȻϷŭȴһΣյ飡
ΪֻǴڿƽ׶ΣǳԼŪͺñȳһֻޣܿʱ޿ԳΪɱսҪʧ˿أ޾Ҫתϡ
ڿռȷʵǿܹѹס𣬿ǣһ̣Ϸŭ̫ǿ̫Ũ̫ͣһʱӺǧ򱶣ֱ˲ȼӴ仹ڿռУȴѾڹųϡ
ˣȴᣬҲȥѹƣһ絽ǰ棬˫ȸնѪĭӣҪ˫õӡ
ԼϵĶָоݣرǸǸûˣҲȫôһ¶
ˣ˾ҪιȥˣƫƫʱһɲӿдڣԲãޱѣÿһоôǡ
һúûţһֱţ˵˿ֻŵػصңңҾ͸ҡ
ţʦƣȴǻص֪ģԼȡòߣͺúûŰɡ˵꣬ϾҪʩչѻ
ѻŹȽϺݶȴǱȽ֣ټСԳ˵⣬ֻԱѻߵ˺ܾҪö࣬㣬ں
ͬʱϵһۿ𶯣ɸ𶯵оϴķŭϢ͸Ļ档
׳ʲô£ǵ˷ŭΪ𣿡
ǰǮڵҲ½ϵ滹һˣȴǸ־ԣǼҴҸ·߳ɫȻһͷޡ
ˣΪϴ˵Ժõļƻȳϲ²ĸӺԡѻĺݶ֮ȵĻǼֱһ죬һڵء
Ȼûȫõ˵ȫϢҪ֪ģѾѻã˵úûţЩ£ҶΪʵ֡
ĿѾ
ӰһֱǰǵĶһ仰֣


1900 㶯
֣
ҶۣһļҶήģ֮ķŭܹ˴һ֮С
ֻǣ˿һƬҶ׷䣬ѪֶһŨѪζľҲɱЦˡ
ļˣԹɣЩ޸ϵ𣿡
ǣŮǲ
ܾʹȻⲻҪĽţЩ˵ĶʹΪֶֻ֮ҪļƭʣµЩˣֵܵסȻ˲סļǽЩ£Χļļܷ𣿻ùԹ԰˽ôô
ʦֲı죬һǾܿץס˫޴ˡƨеĻʦ֣лһУεļƻҲԴ֮֡
һţҿôŮˣûмһԽûиӦҪ˫϶Ҫˬǧ򱶣һùǶδ֮ǵԪҿ϶һ̨ס
ţһе۾ļ˿̵ļѪ˿ѴأݺأһһߵŵˣȫѪ˶һһңŵǳϦ
ҲΪƴټϳɱУָӣǲܼôʱ䣬ֵ֧ڣҲûûһǵļƻóѡ
ǣڵľƣʮֵĲ̫ܵˣҲٵֵغϣԷһɱУҲùˣ֮£˧оǧٴƣҲɸΪ֮ļ뵽϶ԼΣе֣أ﷢ģΣһҪסǡ
ʵѪģЩˣ⡢İͬѪˣҲѪѪеܵನĲµģģȴΪľѪ
˵Ϊǿ壬һЩֶΣɲЩʱ򣬳ʵԶڣҪڵĳϳ֣ᱻһЩš
ļûشһе⣬¶˼֮ɫڿǻһ˵⣬ʵȴʱ䣬ļ뵽ģܹǵģֻˣֻǲ֪Ͻȥ˺δңϸϵ˴ϣҲȽС
ֻǣϣܱûϣá
һüͷһ۾ͿļҪʲôȻһȷԼļƻһʧǣΪԷһΪҪ㽫²УֻҪصǵĵϣ¶ͳˡ
ԣһкȵļʱ䣬û˻ˣڣʱ䣬Ҫ㻹Ů뿪Ǿͱǲͬ꣬һˣ
һ

һУ㲻ôЩģ㶯˲öˡ
öЦЩ˲öѵʵܸߵ½ˣмͣһȫǲмһˡ
ڵģ
ڣӦúڵ㣬
һȳһ֣һ˵һϣѾûˣ˵ţһɱ˳ȥûȥļΪ˼ļʯ١
ļ۾ﾹǱͷһ۰ŵˣһۣͷĿﾡǾȻ֮ɫսˣվǰ棬άİˮļ񣬺øۣҪļվһȴǱļȻھܾļһ𣬳Ϊһϡ
ԽԽļȹȴһȫ˫÷סļ״̾ϧֻҪٶһƿ˷ԱĻͿԶ˺һˡ
ļԱͷһ֣ΪԱ𣿡
ȫ˫˵ţļļԼ徹ǲʹļţôȻңļѪ֮ȥ
ȥɣ
ȫ˫һն£һм״ȫ˫˵Ļ۾һâû뵽Сӻ˺֡һ˵ţԺѾļնѪȻ档
ʱնļͷ֮˾ȵ鷢ˣȫ˫ĽҲնȥֺȫ˫ɫ䣬ֻоԼѾ뿪û֪һ
ȫ˫ʲôˣϽɱˡ
һȫ˫˵նȥҡ
նȥǡ
һɻ֣ļȴץסᣬһȭȫ˫ĵȥļ̫أһȭֻȫ˫Ѫûܽٵ
˭˭
һȳҲ˲նɱţĿĴȥܹϢסȫ˫ˣ϶һˣҲ˻ңϾ£ù⣬ҪǳɹˣʣҲΪһЩˣɱԼˣ˵ǿʳ
Ҫ´òɾץסٶЩ鷳
Ĵŵʱ򣬻һеҰͻسһ޳ӰΧ붡㲨ôһһš
׿ЩϤϤҲûһк󣬿ɻû⿪Ͼ͸ֳ֮ɫΪ˵֣һ
ҪǸֻʣϰӣû˫۵ˣ
̫磡
һϳǸϳ˲䣬ӾͲܿƵ˳ҲˣǸȫ˫Ǻļ˺ֻһز
ʲôˣ
һкţȴųȥҪŸץӸնȴһ仰㶯𣿡


1901 ˤˣ
һתȷʵ죬ʵ̫Ҫǿϼ֣̫綼˵Ķ֣ĥ⸱ģôӵù
ԣһҪϽץһУͻлأһнٶᵽ죬Ǿ仰󣬻֮о͸оԼҲǰ÷ֺ
ڲʱһֳֻҰһѾͽץס˲䣬һиоԼڵȫʧøɸɾھֵΪʲôʱѾ˦˿С
󣬺ݺݵˤڵϣ
һˤֱˤûһѪɽͷѣอ飬ҵʹûһҪԹȥȴھҪԵ䣬ޱѹʶԼٲ취ͻˤˣһ˵ϵĵӣϽס֡
Ȼǳϣ⻰ϰ㷴ӦûУҲ˿仯ֻץŻһһ½һµˤţˤ֮£һеĽűˤˣֱˤˣֻһϰȴͺ̫һš
Ϊȫ˫˵Ժֱӳˡαޡ⼸̧֣ͷĿɨϣȫ˫˻һ飬תҪӡ
ȴתֻضڵ
һӣһо䵽˺̫ߣ̫һȻţ˹ڣųץȫ˫ˤȥ
ļһ۾ϳ˳ϣѩȻڵһʱ˳뺰ǿ״̬ȴǲر˫
һȻǵþˣǣȴûаϲãҲûٴ۵ļеȴüͷ壬ΪоԼĶӣڴһֲԾ״̬оԳк
˿̣ϵ״̬ȷʵֺܲ󣬿㳡ŭԸӵĵزʹ͵ʧص״̬
϶
ѩȻ̲סˣûнϴӷŭأȴûһת˹ȥһһֱӷˣ׿ʱΪʲôϤоˣףټһһﻹ²ǵĹϵµˣһл뵽ļ˵˲ǵˣһƬ
ʱǮҲˣԥأ䡢սҪɱȥȴǮס˲⣬һҪ䷭ļʽǮæ˵ӵкܴŭŭȫͷųȻԳ˺ǳ󡣡
ԣ䡢սǲžֹ
ǣǮڵüͷûչһЩ˸ͷųϵŭ𣻶ԽԽԵĻ棬Ǯڸоղ˵ĻһͶԡ
Щʱȫ˫Ҳ˻һеĺ󳾣
ֳôĶȻ֪ڳĸ־Եһʱ֪Ҫǹƥ뵽ЩˣڽµٶȸϢͨȻϢǱ־ͣ˴׵ġ
ӵĶܿ죬ټ֮ǴϷ˸ǲҵӣ־;ۼ˽ˣһﲻظĶӣĸֵ֮ˣһЩϣĵ
ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣͱ־ԸöõϢԽԽ࣬ڲϫϫõ
õϢϫҲµһţȵ㡭̫ˣҪǳ£ҾĲ㣡ϫ˵ţߣɫ΢䣬ִˣӰɲ٣ȥﻹһȺרŸǴᣬǶ첻á
ԳסϫɾԲһһΪĵܹ˫ޣѰأΪϫϣֻҪ̫Ǳߵ֣ͻʩչֶΣϫ
Ϣڴ֮ʱ־ԲټȥŽָȥϸսˤǰ󣬸־Ըϵ֡
˭֡
־ԿǸ¡ֻû˵Ϳ̫һҲѵӣɱˣɿһĻлǾһ¡
ת˲֮䣬ѹ¾ȵĸ־ԣϲ֮ǰЩ˵ȥЩӣΪûҶûй˼ô࣬ڣϸɣѾ㹻ˡ
־ٴ˵Сӣ֪ӣʲô𣿡
ͷҲ̧ȻˤǸˡ
ֶ˺ˣø£Ƚ˵־һ֣ΧȥĿɲǽԳϣ䡢Ǯһ˶֮С
ŵĺ̫磬־˳֣ŭԼЦþȫųϺȵҲҪģñҸң
ǱߣҪնľ䣬ٴס֣ԳǸ˵ĵطŻ˱ǱߣǮڵҲǣûɱ֡
һø־üͷǮڵ˵ʵ󣬵ǲ壬˵ǾôĶ֣
־ԵĿ⣬һֱϣϴʼնˤǱ飬ռĳϣȫˣвɻ󣬡ʲô̼
иոʣǱߵĻһоƴ󺰵ϣȺˣˡŵĻһУӴ˳ϵĿ⣬ʣµĻҲ²
־Ȼ⣬ܽҶ϶ûһʧԣ־Ե˳壬Ӱһץȥ


1902 ʵ
־Ընˤ˵ĳϣ͵̧ͷĿֱ־ԣ͵Ծն𣬸־Ȼڵһʱ͸о˳ϵ춯û̫ڷϣΪˤ˵Ļ棬Ծǳϵĺǳϵʵǿһе˵ʵڸ־΢
ԣ־ʹ߷⻹Էһ£ﻹţٺݵùϷķܣеùϷĴ𣿡
뷨ڸ־Եлص֮ʱѾķʽ˺˸־Եķ־ץģ׹֮ƣˤһСȫ˫һݺݽˤڵϡ
ԣӦˤøأݣ
ʱ˿̣־ԻŨŨɻ֮УԼʩչķôܱƵأ̤֮ķܣǴصĺأֺܸ˴ѹȸеơѹ֮࣡
Ȼ⻹Ǹ־Ϊģǣɴ˶С족似УͷųķܻѣΡԵЧ
־ʹ߷Ѿ㷢ӳѣεЧˣȻѹȶԳЧ˵ѣЧӰӶ෴ҪιȥԼ
ֱҪ궼˺ѵʹнĲø־ԸͲܻԣֻޱʹࣻ־뷴ˤɢõǣÿҪ۳һЩȴֱˤɢŴζ۲
ң־Ի֣˵ĲѪ֮壬ˤɢĲķܶڱˤɢͺһƬأһѷ죬ײѷԽԽ࡭
رǣܱˤѣˤɢ֮ȻҲᶪʧһ㣬ɶʧĲܹ࣬ǣⷨܣˤɢˣûˡ
ôܻʧأЩ
һʱ𾪣ø־е˼ȫ˽⽬Ҳûг೤ʱ䣬Ϊ־ԵһѾˤˣ˿̵ĸ־һС̫ǵĽת䡣
־Ҳʶһ㣬ܲ˵ȵϷĴϣϽϷ򣡲Ȼ
Ȼɱ𣿻нҵļˡˡȫնɱɾ𣿡
ٴ˵˻Ҫж䣬ֱڳ˶һڸ־ԴЩˣڿ־Աˤһˤʱ˼άͽӲò֪νˡ
ϵĻڼĴϣͿ𣿡
һ˵ʵԲԿ
ʵ𣿡
һŭģǳϺݺһˤˤø־ԽҪ³Ļȫ̻ȥҲʱ־ԵĶӣܵʹˡ
껸տʼûϳ־ԣԣڹ۲ֳľƣ뿴һʲô״ʱ򣬸־ٴα˦У־ԻɨԼĶӣæ껣ȡ
ֻü³֣־ԾֱˤڵˣѾ˸֪ŰľӣȻʶĵһ˲䣬껻ӿĲǷŭǿֻš
Ϊͬһ˲䣬־Եһȱˤһ࣬껲ɵӣܽĥˣһҪǳȥǲûʲô
ҪʲôĻǶ˵ҲǰٺһԣԼ³ȥһۿߣ˵ߣҪܽնɱĸܵʹ
ܵʹֻܹܵܵ𣿡
ҡ
껵Ļû˵꣬ҰͳܵӰʱɫ䣬ղԽĻܵ϶𣿡
ܵΪ죬죬Ϊ
ӲԶ̤˹ɫ֮ɫԴ˿˿Ҳ֪ΪǷ£Ϊ껸ղ˵Ļ
⵽ôһ¶
ûȥȸ־ԵһӣǶŸ˼ȴǸϽصЩ˴ϵľƬҶΪ˱ڵӣǰ֮ƴɱȴû뵽Щ˵
û³ס۶ôϴ棬ͱ־ΪЩң˵Ҳö֮˵ĸоһеĴ󣬶ǳǵģаģ־ġ
˸껵Ļ˫һУ˵˵Ķģ
ǧȷ
Ȼ֪мˮ֣ȴֱ仯ûУϻһӣ˵󣬻ֳ˵֣ܵ´Ϻ͵ڵӣܶĥ
ǻһ˿ײЦ⣬ŽĿ˳ϣ۾ﾡԻ󣬵ĿɨǮڵʱ͵شž⡣
ԴûǮڵߣҲǮǮüͷһ壬ֻ´˿һЩ֪ǲǡ
£ʲôǿͣ˵𣿡
ȻȻ͸һϣϸͲᣬ˵ķȼ֮£϶ĻԶˣҲŭ˵׷ʲô£Ū˵ĵӷ˴ұضϳͲ
˵ţĿ⣬شӸɨ껱鲻䣬ȴˣӦģֻǸ־ԵһҽУ
һʱϫһǰһ̫ۼ⣬һ۾Ϳˣѿںʦ𣬾ңʦ𡭡
أ̧ͷ


1903 ǿŭ
ո̫ѭȥʱȴֻһĿ⣬֡Ŀеĺ⡢ɱΪŨʱ͵ҵĲУӦΪѸ٣˲ȥ۾Ѿ˾֣
϶Ժ̫ʩչѻ֮Ѿ֪ǵ£ֲ׼ȷ˵ⳡƻУռ˼Ҫĵλϫгļǣ̫Եôܲ͵óѣ
뵽ԼǡظϵضħצǶҪܾ裬뵽ֿµĽϾ͸оԼǿǿ࣬ܲס
ˣôܻὫŵ
Ҫץסˣôӵˣ
Ͻеĸ־Ӹ˾죬ȻûɳϻǼǵ֮ǰĳޣԭҪȵ֮ʰ־Եģ鵽һѾȫûбҪˡ
ھý־Զڿ֮ʱѾץסݺˤ˵ϣһˤͽֻһ̤֮ˤ飬Ⱥ̫˸ҡ
һĻø껵һߵʯͷˣңʯͷһӲֱͺǳʯ࣬˵֮޲ڣòȻӣٰؾƣܻˡ
ҲǾȣأһоܽɱʵֻ޼ǣΪʲôûΪأǸΣڿݺˣ飬ŨŨĸѻģԱߵѩȻ֤Ĳ²⡣
Ȼ²⵽ЩɻˣΪʵһ۾ܿҪͨΧӶ磬Ļʵνͣ
ͬʱ̫ˣѾһ߰˰ˣʱӿŭ⣬͸ǣ˫޲ǿˣǰⳡ˵Ǹûĸ롣
һ˲䣬ŭٴαȡΪֱȻţʲôֶΣһ˳ϵΣճ̶ȣҪһףҪһҪ˻ǾǴĲס
ˣԲܳΪˣοǱ߻һȺûжѾ⣬ϸϸ˳ϼۣĵڵ״̬ЩԾ
˶ųȥֱתѻֶηǳȫ˶˺
һѣóϷŭˣԭʼٸߣֵ⣬ϵ˰׳գ̫ˡ
ȻѻѳϢɳȴõһΪҪϢǹϢĴָƬҶĵط²⣬Ӧؾ
£ܷ񵢸㼸ӣ
ȡ˴ָ̧ͷѪ۾һͣѪ۾öˣǣϽ۾ʱԼҲŭ
Ǹ˲Ƕ˵͵˵ľС
˵꣬ת־ȥæЩ˶½첻֣һ죬Ҳ֣ԣҶԸûκζ⣬෴ҪллΪ󡣡
⣬ɫˢز԰ǲ̫ܵǿ׼Ǹʼʱȴһûмˣվߣʵ˭ʲô
ʹ
ʹһԺֳܶණеһУɡˡ֣ΪʹվǰͱǸʼڰЩ£ȫ֮ܵУһڵϡ
ǷϵĻŲҲǶһ٣״Ͻ˵Ǹ´鷳ҲҵԸ

ףȴᶨ־ȥεʩչѻϢ֮䣬˸־ԲϢĳϣղ˵ȫġ
־ԵļߣϢҲŶԣǣȴûдӸ־ѳйİϢ
֮󣬸־䵽˾УʱѩȻš϶˹Ͽ׵˲䣬ŭƻӣƻڿռ
ԳźܴΣ֮ǰӿ޾ŭȼʹƵΣ󣬱Ͼܶ಻ٶɢܵ
ɳǿѹȥԼеŰͺñһ޴ġġһյﱬը
ΣȻӱ
ǣϲǿջĻп˵߽ףԼ˺׵˺ϵȻԸԼһеǿпţס
϶û°ɣ
û¶ġ
ǿмЦݣҲǰֱ˵ϣڵ״̬ܲԾ
ûµġ
Ȼο˵ΪеĲԾŭйأѩȻ˵϶ɱһ˰ɣҲϵշ
ѩȻĵͼı˶ܵ˳ͷ㲻۸ˣϣֺТ˳׵ĻȻᵱԷ磬ˣת˵ףǷһ飬ʧġ
⻰һݣãֶΡ


1904 
˵ġǡ²ͽˣȻ˵ǣµˣһܷŹ
붼ûӦΪ˵㲻֮ǰ˵ҲģʼΪﶼһ仰Ұģ֮Խ춼ûжԸʼ֣ΪһʵĻᣬĴ󶯵
ȴϣ˸ɾͽ˸ʼ鷳˽龭Ҳ̾־̫ѣģպײ˳ϵϣȫأѰ·
ԣȫɸ´á
á
Ӧһ㲻ȴ˵ѼҶƬҶΪˡ

ƬҶȴûȥãһ׺ֱ΢΢һЦ˵Ҷȷʵ󣬿ɶ˵ô̫󣬻óԻȡµĺøС
˵ú̹ףϻûнӣʵʬأ
һʣס˼˰Σ˵ڲܸ´𸴣ҵúúÿǣʬ岢ô򵥡
ô˵лŻ᲻ϵĲ죬ɳȴǽӹƬҶȡһǳԴʯݸ͵չҵǵ񡣡
ǳԴʯ⡭
Ȼˣɫ䣬˵ϣ£ԶٷһΣͲ׽ˡ
˵꣬Ϸһȥ̣ǽǳԴʯУΪǳԴʯʵ̫ˣɱƬҶмֵˡ
ǳԴʯ˽ȥ͵뵽һЩϽԳ˵£ڵ״̬ĺ쳣ĻֻԺ´ͦ鷳
˵ϻûʲôоûзϣôһ˵˸ѣȴû˼ȥΪȫѹֻ˵лл
µˣڵɢȥֻϫһӦϫʲôҪ󣬶Ӧ֮ǰϫ˵ҲĸԵˡ

ϫһʱ仹ЩףֻһЦҪߣȴǮڽס˵»ʲôõ𣿡
һ¡
˵
ǮǽĦ϶ǿ鳤ȡ˳һۣ켴ջأǸʱˣŵô󣬸ҪѿڶǮȴ˵Ҫ֮ʲôԵ֮ﶼУԽԽã⣬似֮ҲǶƣȻǲȡǳԴʯ
ãȥ졣
ؾ͹࣬Ǯ룬ֽһ˵˵ȻǺԥӦȻٶȥֻ¸־ԡȵһˣʹޱȣ򾪾ޱȡ
ȥֵյ֮һͬʱޱȣøղĴģҪΪ־ǿͷĻ
뵽⣬һ飬ٴ˳Ǿ仰ЩֶΣֶڴǰֵһᣬҪǴϴߣǶǶԣżô
ҲҵĻԵҲˣҲԸĵˣ
ǧϲţʹ֣ʼɾѾǻصϫĵ˵ʱɫ͵ش䣬ϸϽ˵뿪
϶ôˣ
ѩȻڽţȴǿѩȻ˳ȥ߳䡢Ǯڵ˼ϵĻ֮ɫһѯʣػΧš
³ģ𣬱˳ϵķŭ֮ѾһȻڿռȥɱôҲ̫󣬵˵Ŀǰ֮ڿռҪǿڿռųĹϵ
ֹϵ֮䣬ϣңƫƫԳ˺㣬ʵóϺЩƣ𣬳ҲԿܷյ꣬ȴʩչַ򶨷ģĵȵȡ
ǣϽķĶʩչһ飬ȴǴ·磬˺󣬳ȴǸʹˣظоҪٴγ
سԺһسһ˵ϴǳصĴߣֻҪˣȻоڣﲻʧɳϲ
˳Ҫڿռ
ΰ죿
ϵעšػϣ󷨻ķģһ갴շķҶһ棬СҪǰæֱӲնɱȴǱϾܾˣԼֻСڿռټһϡ
µĵһֻǼ򵥵з
ɳȴзΪչȥ뵽ǰڿռ㣬ĥŲϡ󡱣ǣ󡱲ǡзǰ벼ͲϻݣݵĹǷЩС
︺һһ̫̫Ϊ̫
뵽㣬ȻȻ뵽˺ڰ׹飬ڰ׹Ҳǻڿռڰ׹һҳʲô᲻ڿռ֣Щ϶޴ӵ֪
̫кϵ
ʹԽԽ֮£ϵ˼άȴԽԽһĻĻɿ֡


1905 ػ٣
ϸҿ϶ǡ̫Ȼ롰ϵģҪȻڰ׹Ҳڵһҳдϡ︺ڵڶҳдϡһһ̫
ֻǣڳϽԼľϴӸֹżеõϣеļʶȵȣϻûȷ̫ʲôĹϵڵġ
ȴǸݶԡ⣬һ󡱵ĳγ⻹㣬ϽԼʵ⣬һˡ󡱡
϶ԡ⣬Ҳʵʵ֮ʵ֮ǣҪ⡰ʵתΪʵ󡱣һ͵ġ
ѸӵٶȣԳɵĹѾû㹻ʱóϰĥˣҺãڳϽȫƽԼ£ǿٶȣԻֻǳεġʵ󡱣ҲܳЩȣǣһ𣬶ؿȨԶԶ
һԵСҲƴţСϲͣйâ˸һһ״ĶСʧֳֵ֣ƵȻûдﵽֶĵزȴҲǷǳˡ
ҪǣÿһֳĶͬͬһɭеҶҲȫͬƬСԳ˵ٸһЩʱ䣬Ҿݳ
á
ϲͣ󷨡ѹͬʱϻһϧЧ΢΢һ㣬Ҳڳϵ֮УϾһΪʵһΪ飬ͬһȭܻһӲʯͷȴǲܻһ޻
ʵģľͲܻ𣿻˵ʲôɣֻҵûеԻľ磿ϵ뷨һꡱˡ
ꡱ󷨴ģѹƵͬ޿ʼüͷһ壬ССϹâֵƵѾҲҪͷǣ̵֪ĳϣ֪̣ѵḶ́Բһע⣬ͻǰңС˿ʲôĸܣ϶ʮ
ڿռ𡭡
ţΪӿСڵЩңӶЩƮҡԥأһ֣šػץ˹ϣҽз󡱺͡ʵ󡱶Χػ
ػûóʧѹȥֻǣػҲܵӰ죬ֳණϿĶα״ûҶĻгϽעڡػֳЩ
֮⣬ЩϴûпĶظֳһ߿ţȴõøˣΪԽıͣ෴СҪʱ͸
żתۣػоȼյļˣػԳ˵úܴ󣬳ܹǰ֪ԷĲ⣬ܰڿռô¶
ţҪŪڿռ֮࣬ǿٶȣ뻹Ҫһ㣬Щã򲻵ѣ治šػѾܽػˣػģһͷޣľ޼ɵ
ԣֻܿšػȼһ˿磬켴ȥȻóϸȵǣػıѾֵ飬ٱ仯ͼֿʼ仯ͼ١
ּٲ滭ʱһЩûȴ仯ػˣֳһЩûˣɻûбŵģȴ˱仯
ô
ٴɻĲ²⣬ĪǷǳ˼άжϣ
һ˵ԡػֳļֵֻҪвˣԱûػյԼⲻȥ붼Ħ϶ࡢһо
ǰڷȴ˵ҪػˣܵõĶϵľڡػ仯һ˲䣬ͽػóĶȫεӡ
Ȼȫ仯ʲôʲôĺ壬ɳϾãһ죬ЩóֻóЩǵǣ⡰ػһĻյģյģ֮䣬ʲô𣬻᲻һĽȫ޴ӿ֪
ػյúܿ죬żϢ䣬ֻʣ֮һţػгֵͼȴó΢΢һΪʶ֮С
˼һȻǰ㣬ֱ𣬱ʣ֮һġػһӾͱֻʣһСָСˡ
ȫסѾ׼šʵڶ͡ȭҪԴʱ䣬ͬʱϻһ㡰ػ뿴ʲô
óǣʲôûУһƬհףޡ
޿հףͬһ磬һ⣬ʱżĵУ߽ǸĿĵʱ̶еǸ󱮣ҲǷ仯ǡòõģҲһƬ޿հס
һ֮䣬һ㡰ػҲûˣػȼγɵĻҽûлޣƮţ֮¡
ԥأϾҪԼ׼ɱмСȴ˵ݳˡû˵꣬СݳѾڳԺϽɱӳ꼱תûһĶֱӰСݳġʵ󡱲ó
ΪС֮ʱĸо϶һġ
ĶƺҲоΣøӿˣֻǣųϽʵ󡱲õԽԽȫķԽԽûвȡ
֮Ȼǿ
ţһ䡭


1906 
šʵ󡱲õ䷢ӳײãüΪ΢ȥţȡʵȫãںܳһʱв
ɾʱ򣬱𣬾ȻԼ˻ȥóϱƸϼѹԸͷǳһҪ֮ǰϿ־棬϶οڣüͷţойŹ֡
һ˼ϾΪΪҵ׼ȷҺĽͣʱ쿪ָһ˺ȫûʲô
Ľ͵ˣȴԻˣĹһ룬Լǰ⣬֮ǰͷΪֻѹƳģɴ˿񲢲ȫôһ¶
Ļ治˵ϣǷһֻͼҰϣ⣬ϾҰģΣűܵķӦ
ǣֻ𣬻𣬾ͺñʩչĹܣƫƫԼʶ
ʵ̫졣
˵ͦ࣬ڳԺֻһ䣬ԭϵĴ㣬ЩĹʱͼܻ֮ҵȫ鷳İ취
ǿķӦϸıԼ뷨ЩһųĲһսȴһ֣п
˭ֻ֪ջȥսȭͷʲôʱŻ
ǣȥٴιʱ򣬶ǳϴΣ״̬Ҫٱѩϼ˪ϹƾҪˡ
ңϻʱøιٱǿҪûнǿǲΪʲô
ԣϾڣˡ
Զջ֮УػЩҽҲЮУϼˣûô룬ȴԼеĹʩչȻʵ󡱵ٶȣҲǴؼӿ졣
ϵĹٶȸˣ˾ٸ֤ʵ˳ϵĲ²⣬óϺ¾Ҫںڿռгϵ˵͡ʵڶӵãȷʵ⣬һü˵Ҫ£ƫ⡣
С󷨿ռ䣬Ǹ
˵СһգеȥķΧȻܹ㣬Ǻżµձȷʵ㲻ʲôңС˳ȥһ˿𶼲ʣر
󣬾һ㣬һ㣬ȫ۲ҲȻ졢ǿƣֿռ䣬ȴ޿κΡ
ΪûǿԷտռĵز˵СҲڿռƾ֮ĹϵóϵʽӲʲôãСֹϵԸˡ
ϾСûгϵַŭ
һͦǿɷֿ˲٣ĻᣬȻŹ꣡
ϼ꣬ƷһһһȥȷʵЧӵʱ䣬ڷֿĵһС𣬸ˣϳϵһϵɱ
ƣһСռһСռҿȥͬʱϻ֮ӦйϵػȼճЩҽҲƮС
ʮ֮󣬻һСʱӣ˵ţȷʵǿˣֹһʱ֮һӾһ
˽ȥٶԽԽ죬ʱ䣬
ʱ֮Ѿܹ˲ɱһˣ֮ȭһȭ£һСʱٴκɨ߰˷ӵӣеȫɵ
һоǿ¶οЦݣСջ󷨿ռ䣬󷨿ռһգڿռȻްӰӣϵĿڡػĲл棬ţЩػĲлңЩԾտʼûʲô
ػջˣЩҽǱػҪǿȻûбٳޣѵ˵Щҽ棬ʲôɣ
ţɫһ䣬ΪڿռǱȫһƬհ׵ĵط֡ðһŻɢϢ״ȵȣʲô
Ҫ˵ͬȳϸղ𣬸ǿ
أϾҪٴȥɾҪµһɲ䣬¶飬֮л˿˿ϲɫϸϽͣĶֹסҪ󷨿ռзС
ԭȴϴһȫһĸоǰĸоǶߣʱܳһڵĸоȴС򣬳Ͽʹ
׼ȷһ˵񱻳͸ǳԼһɳԼо͸𣬻һ㱡ɴ赲
Ϊʲô
ţʹңأû״ȫճϵָüͷδչʱָоڿռϢŨ˼֣աءǳȵȣַһЩ仯ֱӵı仯ǵΧ棬Ȼȥס
⡭
ֹĿ⻹棬ܿ϶ǣڿռı仯йأղŵ״Сǳɳı仯ࡣ
ڳʱЩػĻҽȥ


1907 ֣
˵óϸо졢ȵĻЩҽٴĻ棬óЩĿɿڴˣʵ⡣
ǣδ붼ûġ
Ψ֮ƣģǿţЩݱʲôӣֱЩûлǲдôϻö֪
ܿ죬ҽ䵽֮ϣȻ󣬻ҽʧˡ
ҽʧǱٳޣɳȴоһоô򵥣ڳڲ²⣬ǲǻҽ棬Լģ˵ڽ
ţĻҡҷϵ۾гâ״Ϊһɣóһɱ˵볣ıζЩƣȴŨ
ͻأһƱΣٴʱղѾһϸоɣҲǲͬв˷ŭ֮飬ȳϵ֪̫Ҫʱ޾ŭҪŭͬǣϲûܵʲôӰ죬˫ûѪ죬ûз񣬳Ͼôš
أϳ˽ȥ
̤ٱ䣬ŭоת׶
ת塣
ת

ϲ
Ļǽ˳óޱȵظоţϲ֮ܶʼػص˰桭
ѭĸоڳϪʣÿһת䣬Ϫһת䣬֪˶ãǧ£Ҳֻһ˲䡣
ʱԳ˵ж೤еԻ󣬽ʧȡ֮һ֮Ϊϳסǲ㱡ɴ
Ŀڳǰ
͸İ׵Ϊʲô۷壬ܹʵ飬Զð޷һ֡
ųɣڿռٴα仯ϵɢ˲٣ϸĽڿռһ飬ʲô˶͸˲ȴŪ𣬲⵽
Ȼɻ󣬵Ͼһ¶Ӵ֮󣬳ϾͿԷĴ󵨵øǿٵӰðԼһͬʱƿأʩչҲóϵĹϬӷʤˡ
Ҫǣڿռı仯óظоſپֻͨһ֮ˣһߣ͹ˣ
ţٴעɫֱ䣬ĥѣָ𣬾Ȼη˱仯ɢĹâ֮⣬ػɢĹâһֹâȻǷ⣡
֮͡ػâ϶⣬ҵ˵⣬ģػϵóϹ󣬿µķ⣬Щ֮⣬Լղʩչġʵ󡱡з󡱵ɢķ⣬һģһ
ֹâ֮һ£һأû赲Ķڲϵѹʱ򣬻ڷؽڿռȥ
ҪԹߣһ𻹻ʲôʱ뵽Сɳľǿ󷨣ǰǲҲ
ðһ뷨
𣬳ûбҪȥǿֻһţȴʮӴ֮Уرڳ͸֮󣻶ػǿҲ޼ƿʩ
ΨһܹʹϾæģǷˡ
ͣι̷ģʲôĽԼȴѾʩչһġϣȫעضţȻͿġУһûϵķ⣬ôһ㡣
ҪڿռУһı仯ϻ
ʶȷʵú󣬳Ͼͽġܷġնġ̷ġһϵеķģȫӽ棬гԸŪıģҲû©¡
ϻģʵĶ󣬳һ˼ֶˡ󡱣ǧǧ򣬷ǧǧ򣬳Ūк󣬱֮ͣ㣬֮棬ôģȻ̷罫ҵЩȫŪ𡣡
ȶʱжŽŪȻʱϵֻȫеһ֣һ󲿷ֶǶǡ
ǣ«ưϻܹġ
ˣۿȥûܹϳǾ𣬷Ϊĳӣǻ𵤰ʯһ࣬⣬Ϥٴθ𣬿ŷԽԽһԪʱϲɻһ뵽󷨿ռǸ
ϵһνӴ֮Ĺǿܹɲġ֣
ѵǷ𣿡
˵ÿһ仰ķԪˣ۷ģټϾŵβ֮ѪŪģǰʲô
ܳΪ
ػܳΪ
ûԪˣûʲô֮ѪһЩҲܳΪ
ЩܣʲôػֳϰϵǣΪǶǷֵĸоȴԽԽǿңҪֵܷĻƻýһɣиأҲаַ֮ʱȻȫȻȳ
뵽˲ٺô˽⣬йػķʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪Կ϶ǣԻ˺ܲܡ
ǲһҪѪڣȥѪأ
˵ţϵĿⲻɶСڡ


1908 ŵξѪȲ
ڷֵ֪ʶҲֻǴֻƬģͷβĹʲô۷ʱҪעЩʲô
еһһУ϶֪
ǻϻûдɥϵõѻڷһϣǿհףɿǰļʽǵ˲òΪ֮ľƣϳ˸Ѽϼ֮⣬֪ģŪ֮⣬
뵽Լܵõŵβ֮Ѫ۳ɷֵ֣ĵ⣬ϵĿ鲻ԽСϣСҲʮצʮɫûñȣֻҪֻСڵǰһӦǹسѰɡ
ңѪҲֻоŵΣСڵĿɲ֪ǶٵΡ
СڵѪȷʵˣСڵǿӹɣСѪγɵķ֣Ȼȥֻǣϻԥ
ҪСȡѪСڿ϶ӦǣЩǣСڻڻԣȡѪ᲻ʲôӰ죬޴֪
һԥϱȡСڵѪͷȥģҪӰ쵽СڵĸգгɳϿ϶ֺڣһ֣ǧôôСڵİΣȣ
ͷ۾ꡢСŮתǴӡɥӡܳ꣬ǣ϶һһ
СŮǲȡģСŮҲȲСڵģꡢǻǾǸԶˣ£ЩѰˣȥŪѪ
ȴУֻȥȡҲˣУʹŪҲһϣʬӳԺǱϷ
󣬳ŪʱҪ˻ѪԸѪ𣿡뵽һ㣬˾СڻҵѪģҾô࣬ҵѪҲŷ츲صı仯رڿռ֮󣬴ı仯ΪʲôͲأ
һҷʺ󣬳ֱӽȡԼѪ֮Уһ;ǺüʮΣԸѪôþôã˻
ڴȡһٵңͣˣ˵ȻѾŪˣǾŪøһ㣬㲻ɹҲܻ֮౻ڿռҾʧһѪѡ
ôһ󣬳ϺģȡξѪν
ξѪһʱѪɫΧӿø࣬Ϣ֮ԭҫ۵Ĺâȴǰһ˵Ӧ
óȻȻ뵽˷豹档
£Ρ
ϣâʧǰģһѪӣ˸оĲƽǷ𣿡
ΣΣһŵΣټεĻ᲻һͨӣټΣһǾŵΣ֮
˼άԾһ£뵽֮ԥأֵΣֲƽĸоҲʧˣ·ϣҲһ֮ͨڿռҲӿӣȴָоڿռĹϵˮĹϵˮ
ⶫʲô仯˼һ⣬ûʽ𣿡ĥţƷֵӣȴһֱɵɽɽϡ
Ӹո棬ϻšΪʲôʱڿռ伱仯ϢŨŨϢʹóûȥ۲ڿռ便Щı仯Ϊ뵽Ѿһܲܿپˡ
ûȥԣС󣬡СǬľݵˣЩǳѨϡ
ϾˣǳѨϣϾݲٳ
ãץʱ䡣
˵꣬ΪܹٵĿԣȡҶȻûвڴΪ裬ɳϵƵʱҲǰ׿ġ
ͷϲһƵóҲҪһ£ǲУҶֲ̺׷ѣң϶ԼģȵȵĥҪƲҾͰ
ڣϻѪܹϣϱǻֵģǸ־ԵĴָպУһв٣ڸ־ռЩϣǲΪ裬Ͼˣһ˼ϡ
ûרŵĲߣϱڿռ۳һײߣȡ̶ˮΪȡֲϣ֮ͨȻǰɰĿǰľƼȥҪƳ裬Ҳʲô¶
аʱһʳ¯
ڳƵʱڿռľûֹͣϲ벻ǿӻ˴ĺô˵ţһȾ衣
ʱȲͰٱӿӣͷǳ϶ûһȫŪڿռʹЩѪ˺ͬʱѪЩ
ǳڿռγɺڶСؽ󣬲Ž󲿷ֵȫŪڿռ䣬˴Ĳ࣬óЩĿࡣ
ϸҿ϶ԼƼȲϲŪ裬ȴǿϰٱԴ˽ֻܹΪڿռ̶ˮԭˡ
һ졣
ҪˣһʱѾŪıı븹ڿռı仯Ѿƹ˿籩꣬ϸо⣬Ӧò˰ɣ
Ŀ⣬


1909 ֮
ȻлкüƬҶɳ׼ãΪ֮࣬ڿռӿѾˡ
СݳľǬֱڳԺһ̽һԣǰ㣬ܣͣٱ
ڽڿռͳʱ򣬳ϵѪⱻƻҵʹ֮УʹûóüǸӻϲΪһֱҪЧ
ֻиʹˣ˵ʱûдЧűٳͨĻԽ
ȥ
϶Ǭһ㾭ĵطͷų˿ɲɣڴһˡХǿѪ֮Ĺ֮£Ѹײڶ֮ƣʹͨ˵һ
ɣ˳ó϶ЩţͨǬתתʱȷʵڱ仯ȻֻǿͨˡǬһɡǬתתʱ¡ŵɲСЩţǬһȷȷʵʵͨˡ
Ͻģڶͨȥ
ȻǱȽɣһȣ˼̫ͣ
ͨ



תۼ䣬ϾͿٳˡǬֻʣǳϵϲɫѾûˣȡ֮أΪÿ࿪ͨһʱķȾԽ󣬵ȵͨʱѾǵ˼ĵزϲһûܿͨ
ֱ֮仯ȴǡǬԭ򣬳ϻСˡǬһǬľ롰ǬתһתȫǲͬĲ棬ڿٱǿңڿռɢ󣬸Ӿǿ̶ȡ
ü֮УѾ׼˿ͨڰͨȿǰܺͻҪ࣬㾢ͷųȥǰٵͬʱڼҴɢţٵ֮һʱȫܹһ̫ž߶նɱȴȫʧˣʧøɸɾһʣһ֡
״̬ǳϽʣµҶȫˣҲͨڰ˵ʱ䣬㹻ǬǬתѪ֮òˡ
ȻٲڰǬȻϣǬ¾Ų㹦Ǭת˴ҪǽǬϽ׶εĹȫĻֻǸǬأлᣬҪȥԣҵѪ֮ûãҲԵ̽ڿռ
Ͼ̾ţоǬתǰЩһһֳɳ˵ĸоóϾȵʱֻ֮һĵڰǬȻҲתǳϴδ飬⣬ϳ˸̾Ǭ֮⣬޻˵
ͻأϻһݣΪ˴ͨǿǳѨϣ֮һľ룬Ѿ㹻ٺЩǳѨˡ
ֻǣ뷨ʵЩ롣
ųôһ֮ȥ٣ϾֻߵؿٳǳѨϳϿǳѨϣˣƣܼð
˼һ£оǿ̶ȻڲǳʱǿѹƱǿԵʣͺñһ˺ܾõˣͻȻгԵģǻͳһ٣ңԵĻͷɽ亣ζ
ȻǾͰιøЩ
ϲѹƣڿռբЩĺƺƵӿÿһţǬǬתš
Ϊ֪ҪٿڿռǿĲپѾˣڿռûһʱ֮ǰǲˡ
ԣϸɴŪøǿӦԽг̣ҪȥҶڤСɲһݵĽɫǷǳݣҪҵĻǺͼײʯͷûʲô
ϱȥײ
ʣµľ͵ȵڶ֮ٽٰɡ
϶ܹٳѾˣٶȣȷ֮ģ϶ǿ̫̫ˡ
֪ڻصǬûУǬֻδã
ڼʶǬ󣬳ţһ϶Ǭڻ£ϣǬڻɳܵǬڡ
һ£ٽעڷϣҪ֤ǿǲǷ֣Ǵĺôšġ
һ˲䣬ġˡ
Ȼ϶ԡġϤȫ⼸֣ܹڼ̵ʱڻġǣǰٶٶȱֱС׼ףһڵأһ졣
ô죿
ˣǰһġʱ䣬ڳܹŬŬƷһ£ŸҲ⣬Ÿһεȿֲ֣
ң仯ٶϣǿȡ档
ݳϹƣڵһģǶǮǿߣҲܶϢʱңϢʱ䣬Ѿܶˣ
ֻڷǿȣ̬ǣﻹ𹥻ȫϢһ֣ڡػӳϵûио
зûֵĲ𣬾ô𣿡
ɵڵλز󣬳뵽飬ǲɹһȣʲôͼֻ¶׵óˣʲôΪʲô½ĽҲһڿռﻹûԵ


1910 ȥƻؾ
ϴ澳۷壬ժúüöʵʱǬڣѾȫָ˼䣬Ͽʼ£˵ÿһ仰ʩչÿһǬ似ˡ
ʦʦˣҲȫ֪ˣϵöԪָǶʦлԪָʱϸֳ𾪣Ǽصĺ÷һֻըѵʹðκ˲ſ
˼ŷȷճ
ȷ׿˵ǳˣ
ˣ
üͷԵƬּ̣ţڡ춴ȵȶ˸ȻҲǵѯʡ
ҪģϷģΪ·ˣûˣأȷʵҵһ֡˵ţ񽻻һ£Է˵˴󹦣ǬоŲϾŲ㣬ܵ⣬㻹ԽǬΣ׾һꡣ
˵꣬ȥȴһʹͣҵðز⽱̫ʵǳڷ֮⣬Ҫģˣһöࡣ
ʦһ£ȻԷ˵ĻԵˣúץסᣬڷ

ݺݵص˵ͷȭͷգ˵ǬĹѾȫõˣǬɱΣ׾һ֮꣬ҾͲڵңϣһУǰͣϣû뵽ļֵô˴һúñģģҶӱţһ֮󡭡
һߣҲ߻ˣǰһȵߣߵĴָϣҲһöԪָʽСȵȣһö޼
Ҳ֪еһУ˶˼ΧžһƬðΣ˵ʮģȥһˣȥ½һˣûʲôȻٿгϵˡ
ǡ
ʮĹ˵ŹȣԶˣȴ̾ϢǲȰҪȻڵ˾أ
ǬڷһУڵĳϣҲ֪ڸһΪ֪裬ҪȻòϸȵ裬ǳϿپǰȵ裬ֻ³ǻûкȣŵɢϢбΣˡ
Ƶģɾȫһ򸾡˺ˣһγ׵ϴ跥ǣӸϸıʣͨ׵صĻ˵ҲԳ֮Ϊʹˡ
ļŵ˵ˣҲרΪ˵ҩȱõĪĺô̤֮ķ֮أҲȫ֮
õ̤֮صģϫ⣬ϫҲһЩҩзǳʺĹ似ʱϫ˵Ǿ仰ҲĻԵˡ
Ҫ˵ϫǾԲܵģԴõ֮⣬ƽˮͣð죬֮ܰ˸ǧ࣬ǸҲǺ֪ǣֻչһЩӣô׵õˣϫֱڶλðĸо
ʱϫסûϢҲûΣֱ߽ˣϫûиоϫβסЦݣЦõԵһĴ󡣡

ͻϫһ󿴵æô˶˵һ
Ҳ˵̫档
ҡ
ˣҽȥͨһ
Ŷá
ϫӦתߣɽŲûпóȥͣΪ뵽棬סȴҪͨɻͷ֪ϫɻʲôЦҵģȥɡ

ϫٴӦȴȫһˣµЩݲΪһҲò֮İأȴûϵ־أ˿̣Ҳ˵ţôڵ˸ںЧܲͨ𣿿ҡ
ûټȥ˼Ϣ䣬ϫ˽ȥʱѾõŵ̸ȥˣ߻Ǿ䡢Ǯڵˡ
ӡ
۾Ǯڵȥ˾֮⣬óöָ˵л͵ǳԴʯЩ֮ͨԱ⡣
ȻǮڵ˵ҪǳԴʯȴûӴõĺôǸˣҪȻҲڵĹģ
ˣ˵лңЩˣǣҲ
öָȴǷһԴʯܾģΪŻǾǷ˸飬Щʲô˵öǼöԸ顣
ǣϳԴʯʱ͵ͣˣȻ˼֮󣬺ܲȡԴʯһЦ֪˵ģǵôˣ
ԴʯԾȥһ׽飬Ϊ˳ϸղ˵£ԥڣ¶ˡ
ʬ壬ڻƻؾ棬ƻؾҲȵǸؾؾһѨѨʬ壬ʬ岻ֻһ롣
һ룿һأ


1911 һܣ
һʬأ
Գϵʣܸɴҡҡͷ˵֪Ҳȥϸҹȴûа㷢֣ϣӦúǶѨϵ
ƻؾʬ塭
Ͼ׽˼飬ʵؾʲô֮ھֻӴһؾؾףԵѷӣؾʧֱȡһЩԭ˥˲٣ǣȻźܴá
ԣϲ˽һ»ƻؾ붼δ룬ֱ˵ƻؾأû٣һĿռ䣬ͺںˮеһݣֻݺر𣬲顣
ͨ׵Ľͣ˸ףֻǣźŨʣؾ϶ʩչ似ŪŪŪģŪһؾضҪķѴ֮࣬ȻŪһزؾʲôأ
ȫֱΪ˻ƻؾӦô򵥵ģһʬ棬ܼ򵥵ˣʱ򣬳ģѹһ£ʧȥ˼䣬ɱΪٻᷢһЩãȻһڿռٴαǿ̶ȸߣֻһӳɱʱ䡣
ŵʱֽڻƻؾϸ˵һ˵Ͻ䶼꣬˵Ļ˵ˡ
󣬳ϣ˵𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ
֮ںδ
ǾͲ֪ˣ֮أѰ˸ãʷϼأǰڲߵȽ϶࣬ɲ֪ʲôʣڼʱڣμͺѰˣ·һҹ֮ȫʧƵġ
һš
ֹһ䣬֪ʵ̫ˣá顱ֶݣǰĻЩȰִ֮ģڣѾϰˣϰߵνľء
壬ϵעҪһ㣬Ϊ᲻СйأҪ֮СڵЩγ϶Ҫȥҵġ
һЩڷȵ֮غ󣬳˷룬Լĳ˼Ƚ֮ʲô⣬Ͼͻٴ·ͳһȥҶڤ
뵽⣬˲ᣬǼ棬û϶ãٴηֿпܣԸҸƽĵطƽ˵
ֻܣȫ˵ԯҡҡڡǬһ飬ǸҪϷͲǳܹȥģȻ϶۵ǡ
ʱ䣬ʱ⣬Ҫܹӵһһʱ󣬸깦Ӧòˣֻϧûʱ䣡
Լһ˷ӣҪͣǰߣǺˣͣ£пܵĽ־ǻ뵽Щϲɽ˽ȭ˼ת˻
ܴŵһߣΪΣո󡣡üͷýҪΪѰһ֮أҵģǸû֪
ʵϵһʱ뵽½ڵ½ɲȫֻȥҰ֮أʵû⣬½ƬգǳİҪǮڸߣ˲йڵͼ֪ʶһڣ֪Ȼ
ܴСڵȵܴ֮࣬˰죬ûͷټԼһ֪ͶһΣգرֵΡ
Ҫиû֪Ĵ½
͵˲˵ģЩǳԴʯһ鲻СĴ½ˣ½ȥ򣿡
ЩĶˣһ⣬Ҫ½жһ㣬һ㶼νֲҪô½ʲôֻһ֮أʱסһʱ䣬Щ֮󣬾ͽӻ½ȥζǻ½أҲҪ½С
Ҹ̸һ̸
¶⣬ûмϽץʱȥŵˣֻǣոϹȥϵҽ뿪ˣֻ³ˡ
˼ﻹףټҲǷͦģ֮һ֮һ棬ԣ˵ȥߣ

Ӧһͷǰߣɳϻû𲽣Ȼ󣬺ȻײˣЦʲôأײϡϷΣȴǣס˳ϵ֣һݣ˵Ҳá
ײġ
Ϊʲô
лл㡣
̧ͷųϣ棬˵ˡ
֣ȴǧǧ˿ǣ˳ϵǿģζǸң鲻Խأȥߣȴδ룬ӭȥ
ã֡
˼ȴץסӰһʧԭգۼ䣬ϱŵƲУǣڰƱ仯ǧͬʱľ
һδƴɱ𶯲ѣţҲԭɡȳϽ˵һ󣬵ѾųϼͷŰƻΪɽΣΪ״
һЩ
˵ЦҿɲԸ⣬Ҫˣ
ţΣʱһߣҲԸһԡ
лŵģЩ¶꣬Ǿȥɽ壬ˮ֯ҸϽӵøˡ
Ǽ仰ȴõůůģҸ۵ζ˵˵ĻЩҲˣ뽫ЩƸš
˵ģ⣬۾


1912 һҶĿһͨͨ
ֻϧЩƣջɢȥ
Դϧ˵ҪΧϧУ˵а취

˼һʱûתùָŰƣ˵Щƣҿռš
ģ
ϵ˵ͷڿռʱתһڶ˫̽ȥһİƣȫɽڿռС󽫰һ󣬳£һƣ档
·ϰƵ֣࣬·ϰƵĶ״ȵȣ͸ղһģһЩ¶ݣȴϲá
ͬ滭һϽղŵĻ棬˳ͬǣ滭õ֮Ⱦɵİƣֱð棬ޱʵİƣ䵽·ϵ˲䣬˸һ
Ѿȫϣȴ˼һݺ󣬳״ͬİУһЩڿռֲһŽ·ݸ
ӹųζ·ǰƣ۾ʪˣȻ˳ϵĻı˵õģһжõģ·ڱҪʱ̣ó
ϲӿȥˮ˵ˣˣҸŪ㶫£Ͽ˵ǽǿùͷøԣ뵤Ϸ󣬴
ȻѾй飬ϻǷǳֻڵʵ̫󣬿ųģţһ㣬һġ
뵽ζѡ񣬵˾
˺óʱ䣬ϲ깤ԳڵʵŪһãӴĺô󣬶һҲ˲˵ȻԵֵʵȳϻǾˡ
˻û꣬巽ĸ죬ϻСǧ򹦷似ΪһֻʺڵĹ
Щ¶Ϧѳߡ
ȴûţڿЩϦȾƣֶȷʵǺܳΪϲź˰ƣǵǷ
ĳ˵Ʋһ𣿼ȻǲͿ𣿡
ţܱڿռӿȥʱظоЩϦȾƺʱǰİŲС
ϦԵʣ
ϿбµϦĿ˽ȥԺȴǸһ֮ǰе뷨ǻˮԪϢ󣬴æ׵Ȼڴͷʱ뷨ǻûֻ꣬ЩŹȥͱ˲١
Ϧֳֻ״̬һȴǲ䣻Ȼҵڿռ仹ﲻǳĵزһЩ⣬ܻǿܵİɡ
һϼ꣬ʱĿĿɲǴ꣬ҪЩɽڿռ䣬һ˶ԣ֮Ǿ̵˵ġ
ɶԳ˵ûܴôԶĵطɢ˻ȡů˿ȵȸоأ
תɺڶڿռĺڶңӦظоվ֮¶˲٣ⶼǳϽΧ˲ٵԵʣͺñڴУͻȻһСˮˣܵĺˮ϶ǸӸˡ
ԽԽǿߵøԶ֮ܣԽԽ࣬ԽԽӴƷҲӾͬʱϻԸоڿռǿ̫ʼɢ⣬ֻǣЩ⻹ǱȽ
ɾһ֣ѾóϷǳˣԭΪ֮ܺ¹֮ܣҪһ̫ͺµȴǲˣǳܵľ飬Ҫҵ׼ȷķ⣬ջ϶ܴ
Ȼ¹Ҳˡ
ԭҲһҶĿЩǰȴʼû뵽Ҫǵһ֪ʱŻοأ
ϺתŵݺݵϼԱл⣬ɢȥȴѾкһξˣһղŪİѴϡ
˲ˣ϶ԼϦ֮ɵӰ죬˵Ȼȥɣ͵˵һ
Ըȴȥˡ
Ѿ׼־սˣΪϦ֮¹⣬û¹Ļͽҹɽڿռ䣬ͼڴ½ϲרŷҹĲ𣿺ҹҲһ
ͷֻһƣڣѾ뵽˺ܶ࣬ƽʱԵĶһһ޴ڣ޴̡
֪ʲôʱҲ̫ܽ̽ڡ
ϿϦܵͻأһ䣬ŷҹĲ壬ŷǳĲ壬֪ǷŷռĲ壬ˣʱ䡭
ţȴַֻ֣ˣվ֮߰ʵôˣ
Ҫ㡣
ȳϿڣ˵Ѿĸ˵ˡ
⣬ûõ뿪еţҲůůģǿҲڼԾţоֵ쳣֣ĸ֪ǿˡ
ֵγɣһ飬˵ʶָսǿĪҲꣿ
뷨óһ£ɳԽԽãԺܴ󣬵ȻԳ˵Ǻ¶ϻϣԽлԽá
ŵ󣬳֮ʱ򣬷ҲСɲʲô⡣


1913 쳣
ҹˣˡ
ְԼ룬˺ҹźҹϵڿռ䣬ϿڿռﻹһЩطҹ֣룬֪ԼķҶˡ
ڶ֮ٵĽ٣ĲԶˡ
Ըں϶ʱʱ̶̿ڿռ֮Ҳвܼǳ˸
ʱٴתɺڶǳѨȫת¹ǳͬʱϹ£ֻǳܵ¹֮˵öˡ
ǳô࣬϶ǳԵʣ֪¹֮ܣ᲻ʲô¹֮࡭Ҳһ룬Ȼ½ϿЩһӦͬһ
֮ԲͬΪվĽǶȲͬȻЩˡ
棬ȴûע⵽ϵıб䣬ųϵʱҲŶѣҲŬǳƴ
ǳһܼ򵥵뷨ǾǾܵϽһ㣬һֻǣǰԵɺ¶̶ʱھ֮ôʱ벽δǰˡ
Ȼ¹֮ܵʱ򣬵ظоǹܵѹʧˣҲûһֱյĸоо
ĸоõüһ˼Ǻ󣬵Сǰ˳ȥǰһС㣬ûܵ˺Ҳûκβ֮УһҪǰĳ嶯
ǳɻΪʲôı仯ܹϸһ㣬ȴӵЩɻ󣬾һһ̤ȥϸˡ
ӹȥ
ȳϷֵʱ򣬵ѾϽ֮ңˣϴ󾪣˻ȥСġ
û¶

ʣϸɨţԼĸоȫ˵˳˼½ϣЩΪͼڵͼʩչ¹⹥ҲС¹֮ǣ֪ǿ˶ٱɵӲûܵ˺ˮ֮УӦ¹һ
ҽ¹Щ
õʲô״ǣס˵֣ʮֽضһ¹ûؼӴ¹
һֱûвʡ
ȵóϽ¹֮ܵ͸󣬵˱仯ɢ¹͹âųϣϣôˣ
Կ϶ǣ¹ܶкܴĺô
衣
ʲô
ԳԾԼ˼άûһӸϵתѾǳϤÿ̹ĵֻ衪裡
ͬǣЩ¹⣬Ҳŵɢ䣬֮ǰԣڵĳϣ裬Ҳִ֮С
йϵ
ͻ뷨óЩ֪룬ôţ¹ܶˣͬʱҲע⵽ϵ¹⣬ԽԽˣĶȴԽԽ졣
¹ȫʧްʱҲֹͣˣϾƣ֮Уֳ԰֮ɫж󶷴ĺ¡
ϸϽڻһ̽ȴǾȵط֣ղǰӴȻʧˡ
ʧˣ
ֵԣʧˣȫ˵Ѫ⣬˵Щ¹ܱһһ
ôΪʲô¹ԵЧΪʲôǸʱ裿һǵԭ򣬻ԭ򣿡
ϣҺۣϢһ¡
Ϣɣ㡣
ϾŵڿУõĻϢۣǵЦȴҸϻ⡣
˺þãûҵټתһ㣬ĺôȣҪһʺ¹ܵģⷽ似̫٣ֻͼڴ½Ѽһ㣬Ҳ̫ǿҪһˣУڵķҲøһ¡
žͬʱϻ¹ܣ󣬴⣬һֱ¹ŵСΧһ
Уʲô˲ϡǮһ˵Щ⣬Ͼۼǳܵӣȴˣؿ¹ı仯
ڳ¹ʱڼԶ֮⣬һеߣĿ⻮ǿգȴ¹ı仯ߵ¹ⶼǴӿȥʲôǡ
£ָͷ߸ȻʮָͬУֱ³һھѪԼõһЩ
ɾЩɫ䣬ԥģ˵ת춯֮ȥﻹôûеʱ򡭡
ɵ˲˵ע⣬ֻǳϻ֪
ʱ˿̣ڴӲ¥ĴͨУ֮ϵʱߣǳϵĹͣϸִ£ø뿪
ߺ޲ѵţСӣţٵЩʱ䣬Ϸͻˣ춨Ҫɱɸɾйͷ֮ޣ̵ģҲܷŹ
һӣȫ˵ĥϡһлɱʱͨͻ£غȵ˭Ҷ
ʦ𣬲ǡ
ǻ˭ѵң
˵ţֻͨһ£ֱǰһܣµӿѪغʲôɫһӾͱ׵ġ


1914 ز²
˽⵽ռ䴫ͨ𶯣µŪ֮󣬼أؾ뵽µ飬ͨ⡣
ͨ⵼µĺѾȥˣǲ֮ذϾǿ־壬ﲻͣ߶ţˣˡ
ڸص֮ʱͻֻҰһϷʲô£ô˶ûΪʲôƫƫҵͷϣ
ţز֪ôؾ뵽˵һˣҵŭйڣ϶ǣֽţҪȻôϷͷϣǺˣƨϷ򡭡
һͨУֱ¶ˣ׷׵תͷطȥԼǨŭһٵʱ򣬸غȵϷʲôŹ֣ϷҪǣ
ڴͨеһˣ֪ǣе¹⣬ƽʱȫһ¹УĲҲΪ졣
ĵУ𶯣оյر͵Ŀĵأʱȴˣýʱǳĵʱȫſڵϣ¶µѪĭ
֮󣬸ؿЦϷþͨ䶼Ҫҵ˭ȡҵ̵ģŰɣ
켴ҩ̷£µ̧ͷͦ˳ȥߵſڣһ˵ӣ´϶źˣСߡ
ȷʵȥҸ־ԣһ£ıԷڵһ֣ȴû뵽үүѾźˣһ£ûа㻳ɣΪǸʼռĵλеģϲϲ֮Уţµ˵Ͻָ״̬һҪúõŰǣ
ƾǣǾֻҲŰǵˡ
ɱһŵƨˡ

ЩЦȴûע⵽ǰ·ϣֳŹ֮ɫȻҲ͸֪еŨŨˡ
˹վڳǰȻ̬Щǰһģһˣӱϱˣ巽
о
ʲôû˵ֻǽϸýǧŨŨ飬һ֮Уڽ˴˵ҿԺһȻһʱڸġ
صĶֺǿҶûмְա
ûóϼ˵ȥ˫סϵ죬ɾʱ𣬸һĵܾһһȥͨޱȡ
ҲΣΪҪ£ţһŵˣҲǮǣȻһţſվŵȴ
ʲô£
Ŷ˵ػˣ׼׼ȾҪʼˡ

ţˣţػ⻹һ¡ȻԳ˵صʵ̫ˣǣȴ;йأⷽ㣬һ£ȻղŵǸΣҲڸص˵ϣشʱѾ˻ƻؾڴʱҲоЩԾֻȻûж롣
ܿ죬μֵԼԼ˻ƻؾĴûϵ˵ӰǷЩ˿Ŀ⣬ЩһüͷٴҲʶܷ֪飬ز˺ܶ࣬ȴû뵽Լ棬ΪǸǲܵ顣
ʱţһڳ϶ˣطЩ棬ûүүزүүΪϣʢϣܻȱϯŶԣѵǡ
üͷתϲã²ţĪүү׼ûˣھүүûүүԵøͷ硣
ţһµ˵ʦôûп˰
ǻ˵϶ǵСˣˡ
µӵۣȻ͸룬ȫǷţ༰ȴøظ˷϶ԼĲ²⣬˵Ϊܻ𣿼ֱǳ룬˵Ļһ
Ǹƻóѣݾͻת䣬εʾɱƣ䣬һԶѪδô᲻أ
켴Ӱ֣䡢ϡļˣں󣬸ؿЦ˭˵ϧɱ˲˵ģʵ֤ġ
˵һжǾϲ
˵꣬ǳ˵һȵĿģн֮Ļ󣬱˵׼ƻؾ
ȵȡ
غ˳ɫʵкʣ
ү˵ָıƺ˵ϺܵʹûҪƻؾ𣿡кܶʣһȴ˵ֱ׳ΪΪԼǸƻչֳǸʼǿƵһ档
صܵʹһ͵Ƚȣƻؾ£æ׼ĿתؿһУƻؾؾʲôͬ
ϿģǴͷβͬͬǣƻؾȻҪѪΪѪģһĶоֻޣоЩϢ
ؾѪһϷš


1915 ɱҸ㣡
׼ȥƻؾѪô¶ͬʱҲţ֪ʲôıүүµģȽؾȽؾϷɱ䣬ɱķ
ЩѪȫڿУγѪʱˣһֵģ˸ĶҲǿס
ǣϿſţЩڳ۾˱仯һֻֻζЩζĹ켣óϤޱȣǡڹһġ
⡭
ȻˣȴǽЩ֪ôͱɷĵĶЩġǽ̸ϵķ涼ûеġ
ϼˣҲˡ
ͻȻĶ͵һͣڳ۾빴ĵһʣһģһţѪӿƻؾʧȡ֮ȴһš

һϴȣȴû˽ɨһȦ̧ȥʱ˸ȥؼ״иǿϲүүռϷ磬ҪȻЩô᲻أ
һ£ȻǰԾĸоΪʲôҲףΪƻؾֻܹܵ򿪣үүô϶Ϊȡ
ûʱ䣬е˶߽ƻؾˣýȥģһƻؾɨۿȥȻزֻ࣬ɽ࣬ˮ㣬
ǣ羰ĻƻؾȴĸоǰģЩЭҲûж룬ĥƻؾʲôͬʼţһµؾܽ䣬µӵĥ֮࣬иεԭ
ڻƻؾ䣬߱Ĵܴ͸ؾƻأľطһϿϿգһ˵֮ͷֳӪվμľֵվλã˶Զ
һֱԣȻ
ʣµǣʧӰˣǣүүҪ£·磬п
ǺָȻ˵ǵԹͽһδȣ˶ϰɣˣǰЩʩӸϷ裬Ϸӱ
Ǹ˶ˡ
ٷϻɣʮǣ
Ÿһ仰ʮһֶſɱйֱǣЦһ£˵䣡
£˳
һ㶣˰Ҳûп³ʵһˣ
ɱǣѾ㹻ˡ

ظоԼܵ˳ıӣ̶¶Цݣ˵ȻѰͳȫ㣬ʮǣһһУŰ
콵
Ϯ
꣡

һһĴУգ˵ЩʽǳǻǰѪʱˣΪ˱ǵĺ⣬һһУԣֻһᣡ
ϻ࣬˺ȥɡ
ʮǴӿصͷȻڴͨﱻڵòᣬǣѾˣƣɱ練ơ
͵ܣѾþڶѣ˵ǧ㣡
ɲʱ䣬һƬƾճ֣ʱʮǵɱƵһɶ͵ʽ棬ǻ似ʱѾոˡ
ʧֻʣһˣö˶ûлصùЩ˻ʳйһ𣿡
һУһУνʮǣʣˡ
Щڲ¥˵֮ߣȲ𾪵ģĪڸˣʱ򣬸ǰŵ⣬ϻģͺǱݺһǶ⣬죬øһӾð˳ŭ
ܣ϶ʲôаֶΣôƵǵɱЪ˹ˣƲǰ˵ҪɱҸ㣡
ʱѾʵʻɱֱضȥɱػİ׵ľ룬ѾѪˣΧֵ֮ˣٶȥҲŨŨϢ֮У˻ﾪţôŨɱɱ˶˲Ŵﵽֵز
ʵǲ֪ǣϸûȫӶӲˣڸأڱɱײе˲䣬ͺ壬ֻʣһǡ
㡭
ƴ³һ֣Ѿվǰǰȥͻأӿһɲػ˾ͬʱҲʧȥǣܲ˵شȵϷǲôϷ֪Ϸ˭𣿡
֮ˣ
㣬үүļƻɹϷˣҪҶϷ֣Ϸ㲻ú仰˵꣬ģֻбģֻЦ
ˣ
һ䣬˵һֻ㲻Ҫ־ھͽƮɢӳ鶫
̧ͷһûпʲôֻǾЩϤ۾ٺȥһУ繷һȥﲻϵţܣܵģⶼǼٵġ
ӳȻĴܵʹˣֻϰĲʬزǱʬţΪǰģȫһܲסˡ
˵һΪǱģ
վڸصĺ֮·ϣһն¡


1916 ʬ
һ½Ѫñʣµ£޹ˣʲôȵһ֮࣬϶ȥᣬǵóϲμȵھô֮ҲȥˣԸˡ
⣬ֵӶϲӣϲǲԳϡǣЦʮǶһɱˣǳȥкãǵȴǣĲμ
֪飬ʵƴһ˶ģǣסԣ˳ȻˣѾ˺ôڣڳߡ
ҪģȥǸѨ￴ָλãһ˳ĿĵȥӼˣ˷֮飬ϡ
ɾʱ͵ͣ˽ŲӲɵ۶סЦݱñȿ޻ѿֲõĸо϶һЦЦǻ
ͣתȻΪ׽ŪһЩˣȥڿƻؾΪʲôҪѪһ׶
߳ϣƻؾķΪʲôҲⷽÿһܵģֻܵҲļأȴûκ˵ǲ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
Ļ˵Ͳ˵ûʲô𣬲ƻؾڳضָһ㣬ͬʱлһʣؾɻƻؾΪʲôûأ
ʣһתȥؿɲҷ³һתǸоΣǵһܲˣֱϵӰȫʧҰϽסЦݣֿš
һ·ģԽԽĿԽԽҵķ羰ֻĸоԽߣԽŨƻؾһҲƻ裡
ʱߵߣ˵磬Ϥĸо
Ϥؾ볣йϵ
뵽⣬ˣ͵أϽüһȷʵеϤҲָооȥϸǷſ񣬱߽߱ƻؾɽڿռ
붴ѨԶʱ򣬳鲻Խػӳһûɢؾռ֮ͣͬʱڿռ֣͵һ¡
ͬһ˲䣬볣ͷŶԷԼͬ˵ˣ˲⣬Ǯڡ϶Ͻܿȥҵǿеıˡ
֮飬Ҳ˳볣ΪʲôϤ֮У⿪ڱ֮󣬳ûɫˣںδҲʬǴЩջ񡣡
ʱ򣬳оؾΪʲôлƻĺ壬ʱ˶ѨǰѨôýģ˲ٻأֻǣЩأͽˣǺ͵˽ȥ
߽Ѩ˵һۿľһ߽ѨĶŵĹͷϵɽ¼ĹҪ󣬹ͷ״ǰ˶ĹͷԴǰ
ʬǲ֪˶õ£ɳܸоʬϣȼŵĻ棬ɢһبµܡ
ڿռﻹСڵĳϣһо֪ܣֻ˲٣ȻСһȣ͸㲻ʲôˡ
ϲ²ԭһͦûǿڶǿʱţϴһſն˫ۿȥȻû飬ǣüͷһ壬Ϊڿ˫ʱǹɱ֮иŨˡ
ỹû𣿡
뷨ãȴ䱸ԯҲǹͷ
̾ʬǺ˽Ŀϣȫȫڣϵ֦ʬǸưΧʮƬҶӣãˡ
ûЩҶ֣ⲽߵʬǺǰشǰؽŶѨѨڣһѨڣǡַǳ⻬ǳƽ˸оѨڽʬصһ
ս˵ϴҰʬϿ˵ţսץסʬǣԱϣȻһϣʬȴ˿սףϲ
սóʬǻûжҲǾˣнյԽԽս񣬾ͿսƺˣʵȻսǲСĻǮڶսĶ֡
ڣþȫս񣬾Ȼϲʬǡ
һԡ
ߵǰ棬ץסףڿռۣȫѭûʱ֣žӣѭǧ󣬳Ͽʼʹ
սĿôΪϴ϶϶ʬǣǣϢڵһս񾪺ϴ㶼ֻʬ𣿡
ս𾪵ǳϣղõľڿռں֮£ϹƣûгڽҲڽﲻԶӴ˵ʬǣǸѪħ½ܱһת
˿
ָоֻǳʯʱйٴ¶Ȼ׷ˣһأ˫ٴԴϣǳѨתڿռۣоǬľȫת
֮ʱһ˸ϵ˲¥ҵ˲ϣòϸ׼ãҪϲʶˣȻӦȻ˴˵˼仰󣬲ɫȵϸǳԴʯʱҪŨȻ󣬲¡


1917 ˣ
Ѩ֮Уʵ߶˳ȥΪѨ֮ѾǳΣˣȻŬԼǣ˫ʬʱ򣬿ֲϢֱҪѨеĿռ䳶ѡ
˳ȥˣǾޱȣѾʶϵȴûϵϱеĻҪö࣬ϢĲҪ֮С
ҲŴˣ˽ţǿǰʬĻв֮϶ǳôŪôŪˣǶעڶѨ棬һ¡ը죬Ѩ٣ʬǳ
Ȼǲ֪ȴǣڶѨ֮еǮڵˣϹҵ֮ɫ˳ȥˣй֮޲Ǯڵ˵Ŀ⣬ضųϣǿϾþȫʹܣ˷ѵĲ࣬󲿷ʬϡ
Ǯڼ״һָоҪϣкܴܣᱻɱǣʬûж
ʬǾʲôͷ
ϡǮжʣǵ֪иƻؾȴ֪ƻؾﻹôһѨôһǿʬǡ
ʬǽ˰ľûκεʬǣ֣ͣð麹ɫЩ԰ףȻЩֶΣĿǰֲܽʬǶֺ֮죬ЩֶιҲûôϸʬǣҪϲˡ
ʬǱ֮ǿԭЩǣǹǿȻҸղŹעѡ
ϿЩʱли嶯ǾǽǿŪѣһסˣǮһ˵Ҷϸ˵ҳһ˿
ǮڿûаʧӣЩ΢Ϊǿơˣþȫ£ȴûϵöһʬǣȻڱףôҲӦʧ֮࣬ģһƽ·ʲôûзһ̣Ǯڽϵĸ߶ȣεøˡ
ǳ֪Ǯʲô϶һ䣬ϲʲô϶¡Ǯڲ֪ϱʲôĵӣҲ֪ĵʲô
̽һϴ˶⣬˵ȥ˽һ̽ʬǣ˿ʬǣ֮ɫʵԱ
ʱתۼǻǺջ񣬶ǸϲϵˣѾߵҲרڲϵͨһĿĵغ󣬴˺ֱͣӾͳ˳ƿ죬Ȼ׷ȴ׷ϡ
żϢ֮䣬˻ƻؾ˿̻ƻؾѾڹر״̬ѾȥҪǻͨ
ңƻؾ滹ػţǿͻȻܳһİˣȫ⣬ǣЩ˵ķӦɲƴɱ׼ߺʵʲôˣк£
Ȼƻؾǰٶȸûгٻֱ֣ǳȥţվסͣ£ͬʱ˹ȥ
ع֮УȴֱƻؾЩϵĹû˿˺Ӽ֮ʱҲĿǻƻؾһ˲ЦԲǻƻؾΪܴùȥ𣿡
£һƬЦ𣬶İ˵ɵӣһ˲䣬ǵЦ͵סˣΪİʧǵǰҲ֣ǳؾİ˳ȥĵطвɢ
ȥˣ
ǡ
ôܽȥأ
ȥˡ
ô죿
ô죿ܵͳǶ档

һȺȫɵˣǴδ飬˵·ߣպҪƬϿȣ춯һӦΪǳǣҪȻǻƻؾޣͷû£ͿӰӰȫʶ
ôһ˲䣬ûзӦùƻؾˣϵóʶˣǴģǱڻƻؾǴؾġ
ʱףֽ˵ܲæڳϣñüֽ£ʸס
İ˻ڿ壬͵أȵ֣ʱһڳϽ׼õĹȫİȥİ˻ǲܣֱǰҪе״УУ˵صģ
ܺ¡ըİ˵ĳĴ֮£İ˿ŭ˵ңҪǳĻȫҪꡣ
ʲô
ÿ˾ˣ
˭ȥ
Ҫ⣬İ˼ûʱǶ˵ֻҪסҲĵ˾ˡ
ǲǵˣɲ˵㡣
һ˵İһۣ˵ǳı仯ǿ֪

Ϊ˴¶Ϊ˶Ҫǲֹͻһѡİټ죬ȴǴ󾪣Ȼ֪˭ǣƾˣֹ
ɻԥ֮УİӰһʧİʧķǳȥķдУ޵⣬ʾһڳ϶׷һɱǣоҪǶǶ֣İֻǲ뽻սʱ䡣
˿̣Ȼûҵһĳϣ˵ȻϲǾ̽ڿռ˵


1918 Υ
ʬɽڿռ䣬ǳİ취ˣ뿴һ£͸Źȴǿʬڿռڿռܲɵʬǡ
뵽ˣϱҪڿռĺڶתżϢͱüΪӴ󣬺Ƴϵڿռ䣬˺ڶһ
켴Ͼ˫֣˫кڶ֣Ҫ׼ʬʩչ֮ʱһԶס֣ס֣ʬǲܶ
ǮھվڶڣǼûмʩչȴҲûúڶʧΪʲôãʱİڶǰҪѨﴳȴǮס
ûж⡣
İ۾ԵĵǣǮڻûãֱ˵Ǯÿλãİһӱ˶Ѩ
İ˿ʬǻ޴شԭʱһٿ˫֮ĺڶĿһݣ˵ãüʱҪȻľˡ
ڿİ˵òʱ۾ת˼֮ɫͻ뵽ʲôǰ˵ӣĳģغһѿڶϣ
ʶң
Ϸˣʲô취óȫ˼ȴϱϺƣЦʶŵ˵
Ǹ
أˣ뿪ŵĿʲôǱܿǸ㲻ȴֻᳶϹϵˣǣȫû뵽ôãתһȦȻԶˡ
ȻΥע˾עˡ߶ţŭս͸¶ˣ뵽ĻȻˣ綼ᳶϹϵģ޷ʱѣ֮кá
ϲ֪˼룬ʵϲ㵽д·ŷ糾͵ظϻİɣ
ȷʵˣǳ俪ʼڣһûϢƬ̡
ǳ䣿
ţǮһ˶Ŀ⿴ϣˣǳ䣬Ͼ㵽һȡʬǣһΣ˲
֪ӿɷȽջȥ
˵һҲûаףǳί񣬿Ц㲻ˣͨˣǣŵʱ򣬸˵ܵõѪһӦøһЩ
ȻȴûȥʵΪʲôʬǶңͦҪϹ˵üͷһ壬˵ӣⲻǶʬô򵥣Ĺ£ܸӣִҪٻȡʬǣֻðƴˣȻпֹ˹ӣǹ׼ӦԺ£
滹кܶ£
ü䵴˼֮ƣͬ˸ϵ˵ȷʵʬǺҪûй£ͲϲˣͲֵô
ʱ˵ʵֻҪһЩʱ䣬ʬǹȡûʲôˣ
˻
վʬԵȡãֻʱδѣʱ䵽ˣ㹫ӲȡʬǣʬҲпԼܵǰ
һĪĻóЩȥģϵĺڶѾʧڿռ･ƽɫһЩ˵ţңҲֻ빫ҲᳶϹϵȻһʲôϵǣҾȸ湫ӡ
ң
ûбϵڱеĸоǸоԼ̤һУɲΪԼʲô֮һ𣬾øϳرǸϵĲ㣬춴ûҵһкأϡǮ㹧Ҳɱģһսˣͱ˵СèСһץˡ
һߵǮڣѾɫϲµǸʱǮҲһҲ̣ܽ뵽ڣȻûеʼʵʩϾ˵ҪˣҪˣǮڵȻܷɷڳϣǮھͲȥŪֶˡ
ֻҪ춴ˡ
Ǯ˵ҲŸΪʲôϣŸϼȻ˸Ĳ֮Ϊδδ˵ʱȴ˵ҲӦأ
ô˻Ǯֱסˣû뵽ϾȻܾȴԤϵһЦ˵뿪ţΪ˶ܹӣɶܵĽٴվ˹ӵǰһηǵҪܾҵĻҸҿ϶Ҫ˶þͻٴμ档
ϲģ֮Ķ˵úпܾǾһԣ´ϵĻǾ´˵
Ҫ˵ʱ͵뵽ø͵һĲ֮İΣӦкܴϰɡ
ôһ룬Ķˡ
ǣһ⣬ǾǰܷΣ̧ͷŸϣ˵Ҳ㡭ˣתҪǣһ֤ˡ
δת˵ǲ˵ģǲ㱾ʵʵ˵Ҫİǲŵһμ桭
ң
ǵģֻҲȫ㣬ºҿԽơ
ȷܹƵס
ҪһξѪ

ѿڶѳϸһţϹ湻ءȴ̹Ȼصǵġ
Ǿûˡ
ϺܸɴȡһξѪùѪڿʼˣȴһεĸо


1919 ֱ
ϼ˳ϵĶУʱԸ˵ʬô¶ҸоƻؾУһɱ˵ζ
ʱ۾Ҳ¶ŨŨıζȴǻصڻʱ򡣡
֪˵
¶̫ˣûеõ׼ȷĴҲϣΪȷʵ˵ʱȻ֪ˣ˿̣뵽ԼǵξѪʱǵξѪɢһϢ֮ǰľѪȫһ
һʱϾ͸ҿ϶ϲ࣬뵽ʬǣ뵽ţиϵ̬ȣϺ׵صóһۣŪþһΪε
û˵Ҳûȥٸʵףжøϱǵİֶ˼֣ʵϣ¡
ǰԺ·
ҡҡͷûȸϼ²⣬ֱ˵Ϊҵһ֮أȻٱǣֱһ
ڳϵ󣬸Щ⣬˼
˵УһҪң
⵹ǣӷԸ飬빫ܳϸϵ룬ȥѰһ֮ء
⻰ǰĶˣ֮飬ǲȥᣬҲûǰȥŻƻؾǮڵڻƻؾѰҿ
һֱȽ˻ƻؾ˲˳ȥǮڵ˸ϽǳԴʯȥȡ֮ƷΪ׼ŷ֮ϻ˼ȥѰð֮
תۼ䣬ȥһӦ鶼׼׵Ǯ֣֮ͨȡ˴֮ȻҲõ˲ٵǳԴʯԴʯҲŪ֮ֽķ󣬱編
ҪǣһƧ֮أѾȥһ½ļƻҲͲˣ£̣֮Уеߣڵӣԭ⣬Ķ֮ˡ
ͣ˳һƣϱãȴ֮һ룬ķֵڴ½Ļǿһõģƣк˷ܣĻᣬˡ
ϷֵˣΪѶϢûȥһˣԳ˵ϢҲɳɱ֣ڵѰټˡ
ϣԽԽá
Цŵ˵ͷŲᣬһ𣬺ܸˡ
Ҳǡ
ǻٴġ

ˡ

һЦתȥƽ߸ں󣬳ϿĨٻӰԺ︡ﾭһĻһĻ֪ʱѾվ˳ϵߣ˵ǸŮ

𣿡
Цץ֣˵ȷʵǵģãҲáЦֻǲ֪ζ֪ˣ㻹᲻á
ζ
﻽˼֮ζøŨ͵أŵ˸ǰøϰæһ£Ȼܾ˳ϹζһЩ⣬Ӻ󣬸˵оգеô

Ϻܿ϶˵ܳϹϵܹϵһ֣벻õУȻиǰᣬ㹻ӲҪȻǵľͲǴǴˡ
㹻Ӳʲô˼
־磬ûнǳԵȥ֮࣬ڳϵ⣬ֻһЦʲôû˵ʱ϶ǡй©һתʵٰҲһܿŮӡ
¶ζЦݣѯ֮󣬸Ͽʼ㣬ɹ˺һϻûвϵ飬ԽԽء
Ͽ⣬һǣţܿǧ¡
κ󣬸ֹͣ㣬ϵ֮ɫȴûϰ֣ʵôˣܿ𣿡
û㵽
ʲô˼
ҵ㣬ȥֻᱻķ򣬴빦£ԣʱƲңǵһ
㣿
Ӳõģǿ߻ţ϶¡
ͬϵ˵ﻹŵǣΪܿ뿪ģǻؾͨûд򿪣û߽룬ܿô˸أ
ڲͬһʱ̣ܿ˵ţʦҵģҶˣҿ뿪𣿡
ܿʦҪشüͷȴһ壬һʱ˵ղ㡣
ǿ϶ǳҡ
𣿡
ҵĸġ
Ϊֻһˣȡ㶫ҺһȥҵҪСӾкͣԡ
𣿡
ܿ˾䣬ʦش𣬾˵ʦ϶ġ
ǿ˵ҲĽӦûܲ
ܿʦһ䣬ǰȥʲôܿȴûа㵣ģΪʼţˣ϶ǰǿǧ򱶡
֮Уһ˼ӿٶȡ
һ·ϣǸ·˾̾ǣߵ֮·մоλСǮڶ֪Ӿ̾ǣûһ㹥˻ޡ
ȻûţѾʼơҩ
⡰ҩɲƷǰ֣ʱʧ˳ǧΣҩ˷Ѳ٣ڳռҩݹ࣬ûʵϡ
ʧܵĸԴںδ


1920 Ƿ
ɣҩ͸˵ˣͬʱʮݣڻ£˵𡰷ҩѶӦò̫Ŷԡ
ǣֹü󣬳ϵʧܴѾʮΣҩȴһζûУó϶ЩӶʧܣ˭Ҳˡ
֪ԼľЩ⣬ȥƵĻֿ϶ʧܣˣס֣ƽľͬʱĥšҩ˲
ҩ֮ͨ٣ҲˮڣΪʲôɣɵҩУҩҲУҪأ
Ͽ˼ţһҪƳǵֶ˼ֱϣһֱǰ·ĸϣ״̬һ䣬ʲô¶˵
ܲ㣿
Ҳ
ģ뽫뵤ҩںȿ̷ҲԵһ
˵꣬ϱĿתضŸϣЩڴϻϲȴһ״̬֮ɫںԼΪʲôҪ£ôݣҪⶼݳĻֱӲһŲĹȻ֮ʱµһûʲô¿סҲòŵ๤ɻˡ
ǣҪʲô˵Ļֺ̫Ǹһ㣬ԣҲԵ֮󣬸ϲŸʶ뷨ʵǷͬһ㣬롣
žȣϺţǷҵ֮ͨȻԳ˵ƵĹ˵һ£ʲô
֮ǰ֮ɫʱϾͿ˸Ҳ⡰ҩ㲻ģ뵽ϵ֣иǿ϶˵䣬Ҳһһʮ˵˳
ԽԽóǸȻûרôãĿɲ٣ǣϴδ˵ϵЩ뷨
žˡ
仰˽˵ȴÿϡ䱦һʵϣ
治֪ôġ
ֹһ䣬ü˵ʵ˵Ͳ㲻벻ƽ֣ˮһƽ⣬úͻһƽ⣬νаҲһƽ⣬˺Ůһƽ⣬һƽ⣬Ҳһƽ⣬кܶܶ࣬ˣпܣûܽ뵤ҩɣûҵƽ⡭
ƽ⣡
ԣ˳˼֮УϵĻȷʵ˳ϲٵȷʵǰѷҩƣǽҩƣûƽ⣬Ƿҩƽںδ
ϿⷬģһٹܳܲϽߵǰȥ·ԶУӡƽ⡱ϣ˼ȥ
ǲƵʱһƵҩһƷ
Ͼ뷨̫·ȡҩƣţܵõһЩµ뷨һµҲ
ȻʮȫʧܸգɳϻţֻƵʱѾôһһôμʱֱ˲Ϣʱ򣬳͵һƽⲻǼ򵥵ƽ⣬Ҳǽҩͷǿۺһ𣬾ͳˡҩҩһµĶȺ͵ҩѷֲĹϵĶ֮
˼·͵ˣҩͬһ˲ڣŷŵҩŷҩˣƽɡ
һˣ¯֣ҩĺϣ¯Уϸǣһ¶Ҫȴźܳһξ롣
Ȼʧܣڵÿһʧܣٳ϶Щջܶʼ֮󣬳ýʮҩʧܡ
һ̳ϵϣȴǷɣѾʧܣѻһɹ֮·ţһţضɹ
ʱ֮һģһĺɫӣڳϵʣ֪ˣΪǴȻĹ񹤣ÿһӶ󣬽ĴָС
עһɫӣĳʱ¡һը죬Ǵնѣƾþòɢڴ·ĸϣ͵ػͷʵˣ
˶Ŀ⿴ϣȴֽеһźɫӸ˸ϣ˵㳢Ŀ͵һӹɫӣһ¸ղźɫӱըһ澳ߵȫһɫӳ⣬ҲܴӦԣ˲
Ǻһڽɫ̷ȥһ븹ɫӾͻ˿ӴӿڸڣЩȷʵҲܱǣֻҪܳܵסɱܣǱõĪô
벻Ȼˡ
Ͼζʮ㣬˵Ҿֻһõ̷ɫʱûǹɱƽ͸һ֣͸ˡ
С
ϵһΪϻܸˣϾǿһµķϵóȴǶɹܲ⣬ʵⶫʲô
ǵҩǷټõǵĵͽйǷɡ
ϸһţезͣŵĸϣƺʲôȴȥᣬýǷ졣
棬һǰ˵̷⣬һǵõʱǿһȻǷǲֻһʹ÷ɣ


1921 ɽ
ƳǷ֮󣬳Ĵֱ֣ĥ죬Ҫƹ͵Ҫӵַ󷨡֡
ر󷨺ͷ
̷ӳֲͬķʽǶ󷨣󷨿ڣһӳӳܣһ̷ҩӵҩЧܣͬһӣɴǰŽɴӺŽ
ǽһʹõ⣬ڡػϵķ󣬾ͲһξͻٵģǿòٴΣ⣬Ҳϣͬ÷ӵҩЧʱô񱩡
ĿˣҪЩȫʵ֣ʲôһ͵£Ƿ뵤ҩʧΣǧѪ㹦Ҫٽ󷨺ͷں棬ȫƽѶȣӵش
Ҳûţʱ֮ڣһһҪǣƸķҩǷܣ÷һܷӵΪǴĹ
ں½Լ֮󣬸ڵĿĵأɳϡһ˿ȫɵۣΪǰֻһɵĴɽ
֮⣬տҲ

ͣƵĵҩɻʵ˵
ڷƴ½Ӧòƫɣ
Ǯ׷ʣ˸ͣЦҵﲢѣҸҴƱܹ߽ɽȥģ֮١
ɽ棿أ
ϵ˵ͷ
һؾ
ϺȻ뵽⣬ȴûشһ²˵Ҳô˵켴ǰȥһֱɽ֮ϣȡһ壬ʩչط
ֻоڲϢʱâһвƵƽ˸棬ţֻһգٴʱǰѾȫ
ɽҲټȥֻüһ޼ʵƽԭƽԭ֮Ӳݷ賤˻ߣͷû⣬ȴǹһƬ˵̲СһакҹֻҪ̵㣬ҹҪ㣬ܵ˵Ҳʺ˾סٶʱûġ
ڸֲ֪˶µ˵Ķʱ䣬ǿɾǺüʮ꣬ˣϴ˿ڻӿһĸоֱ⡰ɽءģĸоֻģΣġ
û˷ʱ䣬һ˾Ĵ̽ȥҲæǮڵһڴڵæµӰа˼Σ˳ȥһˣ˳ŵ⣬лٳǵҪһʱ
ȻǮǸŵ˴˵أԳ϶ԣҲϢй¶ķգǣǿ⡰ɽءȻŰգϿɲõİΣЦ
ԣ϶ԻˣгŰŮӣʩչѻŮӼеõϢࡣ
ӵ£ȴóϴһΪսѻʩչȥֱӱѿһƬģѪ⣬һ⣬üͷøˣƻľļƻزۣøǣΪʲôһѻ꣬Ǿͻըѣ
ڳϵΪСݼЩ⣬ҲûжֻͣСǸԪˣֻʵ̫Ź֣նϣǶӡ
ȫǲأԺиǸˣȥǺεģҡҡͷ˵ֻ֪֪ˡ
ȻܹŹ֣ȴûнעʼշ棬ιŮ¡֮󣬳ϱϸ̽šɽءĵơ
Ȳ̽󣬳ּӹšɽء󷨣ɽɽˣģǷ֮࣬ǴڣҪһʧֻǲܡ
ǣģǽ߾ȫ
СȻҲȫʩΪĲϣȫǳԴʯԴʯһ࣬Դʯ󷨵Ҫλۡһ࣬õĲϣȫڿռĲϣ¡󡱣ȡľڿռ̶еˮ
տʼϿȥǳԴʯʱô⣬ɿԴʯЩֱͷĿѣĸоﰵ߶ĻǼٵģóĶǸĺöҪ࡭
һ£ɸ㿪ȥһĪϱͣæԼȥˣȻﻹóϴӦԼΪһΡ
ɽءʱúܿ죬ȳϺķ½ɽءóͭǽں󣬳Ѿʮ꣬ϱְҹ
һ£ϽռӴҩĶ֮󣬲Ű֣ƳķװʮŸָһָеķα֮ǿߵĹеһƴǿһǧţܿԺ̫žǿ߹ȣΪ˳ϵڿռ
˵ϵڿռкܶ࣬ǣĿǰĥķܲ˸ֻգú󣬳Ϊһ·Ьӵȵȷ
ȥ¡
Ͻ뵽ģģźú˵ʮ죬׼·ˣҪغԼ£
ѩȻǧ󣬶һ϶أ˵ӣҪһţ

˵֮ѩȻˣļһҲϸ뿪ȥ䡢ǮڵȻȥǰţֻ³ˡ
ŨŨ飬Ϊһһǣ
ã֣˵һ



1922 ·
ٴ̤;ֻо䡢ս񡢳裬ϡǮڵȴڵӣȻ˺ܶ࣬սȴǳˣ֮󣬱ӦϡǮڣ˳ǰһˡ
ҿɲȵ׾ҵҵĴӪϡǶ֪ȻҸϲȴûʲôΪ͸ܿһˡ
ȡ˳ľѪ֮󣬸һ򣬶Ҫ·ڣټϣҲӴõҵϢԣһٶȣڡ
ڰﳣ買֮ʱҲ˳ҪҪһ£һ£ܾˣ˿̸մϵĳϣûţŷ˴ӦǮڵֻ⣬гĽ
ǮͨϢ˻ȥ׼Ҫ̵ĴͣڻǮ˳صڣϾ춴һԣǮôСģҲпܱ¶
ãǾͷһսɡ£Ըȥ׼ʱһ춴
ͬʱͨǮڴһȥǮڱ·Ǯ߰·Ħ϶·
춴
춴Ҳо˲Ȼּ֤¶ţȴ̫ûѶ춴ɻҲ˳ȥҹȴǺջ
춴һջǾҵ˸㹦Ϊˣ춴Σ˶ð˾ŲʮǺ춴רŸڣк쳣ٶ
һߣʩչѻ˽ƣʹ˲䣬Ӿ͸оˣʱ۾һУЦûһȥıˣֻ˵Ϊܹ֧ŵϷݵʱôˣⶼҵ֮Уϣ͸ģŰɣҵĲãҪˡˣҵҪǲĳˣ
ͳϢұѾ֪һճĵڴУֶλͦϬϢõóַӦһַӦǴ˿϶Ǵųҵź£ÿһճģǳˣһΪкܴǣ齫ӻسҡ
ֹ۵֣ҼľǣһɳһˣȥճģǣֱӽĨɱУǣѪһ̽١
ҲõϢȴûٶǾ䣻˴̽ϣĿģܼ򵥣¶֮󣬵һʱ䣬ĨɱӵдԵ֮ˡ
Ѱҳϵˣкֵܶ࣬ģġֻʱ򣬳ȴʧˣģ׷鵽Ͷߣģеεϣײϡ
Ѿصɽ棬ĴȴûֻĴѰŷ䣬ɷȴʧƬ£Ӱ١
Լ̳˵˳ȻڶλǸ椳Եұۣº椣ģȴϣڵõԸһЩ󣬾ǱֳȺ츳ǧı⣬һôЩ۸ˣԵӪõģԶԺ椶ôãο˵ǡ
һֶ֮£Եһ̳˵࿹峤òǵæˣˡ
½ϣؾȻûȫȥͨųڵһսȥˣ֮⴦ٵϡãȶĿռ䣬֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼ˿ռ
ռ赲ĴѾ͹һΣһʹãкܳʱ䣬ŴˣЩĳһȥ½һγ
ǣǾԵţ˽½Ǵռ뵽½Щ棬Ǭڵ֮⣬ˡ
˽½ûжܣֱ޶ȥһļﲻͣţҾ֪òôģš
˿̣ζűڹתء
˾ͽڼ³Ȼ֪Լ³ֻ֪һһΣ˵ţһأܴùȥͺϸˡ
صµȵһˣ½ĥԼǶһ⣬½ǱԽԽ࣬ԽԽ㣬Ǳÿһÿռһһķ糱Ļһֻӡ
ȥһֻӣɲǼ¶ǣ֪ǱʲôֶΣЩ˻ˣЩȻλ˵Ĺ͡
½һУ϶֪ڿռ˯ŵСڣʱʱɢһ֮⣻ʱѾǮڵġʡġ齣ƺˡ
ǮڸպҲյϢǱ·Ǯڴųϼٸڣߵ·պҪʮ½
·ã춴һǸ֮ˣ㵽Ħ϶˵Ļ·ߣ춴֪дϲȴûȥ̽Ǽ١
֮ʧȷʵΪ棬춴ʱ˷ˣ˵ڣܹǶȹνѵģ׻ȥˣڣ͵űڰɡ
춴ټ춴ɱĦ϶ˣ춴Ħ϶˲Զչ׵ɱжʱսԴˡ
һ£ɱ¾춴ĸֶʱҵĹϢ춴ʱ춴һʱûлصù񡭡


1923 ƴɱ
ܶǷֶܵҪ֧Ԯ
ܶطֶ֧Ԯ
ܶԭֶҹٳһֶ𣡡

һһǡ֧Ԯ۶춴һûתùӮҲŶԣôԼأһַ𣬱ľ棡
ȻһʱЩɣ춴ȴӿһɿµΧĿռ䣬ꡱ첻ѣ춴ȭͷһǿŵĿռ䣬Ȼͬһ˺ѺۣЩѺۻԶӡ
ȵ춴ȭͷɿ˲䣬Ѻ߳Ծ𣬶󷢳ۡرȺұ춴ߵĿռ䣬ֱӱһУŰҶ˵Ϣ
վ춴ǰǸߣڲ춴ɢϢѾ궼Ҫѿĸо춴ʵǴڵ𣿡
ּ󶼱ȷʵǴڵ
ġ
춴ץղŪġռСһץһ֮£ռСǱץ˳һռָֻԭ״Ǵˮץһ㣬ˮָֻƽһ
Ǹʲôӽй
ǡ
߸Ͻתȥ춴ԸֻЩ䣬ɫǳƽоһŭҪһСĻش˻ǾǱɱѪӵĽ֡
춴λϣ»ôֶ֮ǰûףΪˣڻͷһ룬ӿ϶⡣
ص㣬춴ȷΪ֮ΪĦ϶˳Ĩɱڵϣȫɳ˾ǿƵ
ͬʱҲЩɳ춴ʵ˵ΪŻᱻ׼õĴڣ⧲֮£ɱ˸ɽ
춴ѾˣһҪӸۣĴۣϢ֮߻ȴǵһˣ춴üͷأ
ӡˡ
ˣ
춴Խƽˣиˣľ飬ʾ춴ŭѾ۵˼㣬С˵ӻһš
ţ
߳ʵȥ춴ſֻдţ춴ŭ϶ʢɣҲҵĻǿ϶͸ˣʱôõķϣҾ͸㣬ʵҵңȫǴڵİţ֪ѰһᲷˣͰƵǰʣµģӢǣ϶ǳ˰ɣ߳ɱߣٶ
춴ŭ֮󣬷ƽӽȫֱӱץˡռСޣЦɱߣٶɱˣٵ𣿡
߱ǰ˵飬춴״̬߻Щ𣬾һ㶼䣬춴ֱˣ춴ӣʵߵͣĴֶȫɱȥɱɱҩֽȵȣֻҪеģͳ˹Ӧ춴ҲˣɱһڵӣͽһԪɱԽ࣬Խ࣬ʱȵȶó⣬رģܹʤǿģ澳Ϊɱ֮ΪģҿԿΪ״ӡ
һһ¶֮⣬춴ȫҪǴսˣ춴ĴһǧɣӮˣҲܾ˵ľ棬ң춴ʧȻ·磬ôĻ⣬ᱻ
ȥ
춴һȣһ˵ߵĻ˵꣬춴ͽϣ˵֪˵ʲôڣ˵ԽԽá
ǣ
ߴȥˣЩóȥķرһΪ춴״ӣǿһ߾Ĵûᡣ
Ȼһ´춴ͷˣڱ棬춴ڵӣıǣ֮£·򴦴С
һĻٶȱƴɱ뽩״̬һδƴɱ漰Сٸ춴;ͷģԼһЩصϹûг֮⣬ˣ˫Ӫȫƴɱ
Ħ϶һ·ʣɱøɸɾնɱһ˱յ춴ڵ֮ء
սԽԽҡ
춴Ц춴ʧǴ󣬿ں룬ȷʵⳡƴɱĽʤǰܣͬںںֻǣһƴɱ֮󣬴ڻжȥӭǵĽѣ춴ҿ϶ζ̤ѣԷһ춴ɳ֣ܼŴڵжŴŪơ
֮ͬǣҲ㷴ӦںĦ϶˵ںƴɱʤǸһڴڵĴǰʲô
͸ֵһˡ
ǷЧˣɹŭ𡣡˵ţǰվһˣǱˣ춴Ѱõӣ˵ţҲʹ
ȥϢϢȥţͶȫƴɱǮǣӦܹȫ˰ɣϣܹ㵽ƣԽԽΣˡ
ϣ˿˫̤ʮ½ϣ̤ȥһ䣬оӿֵֹĸоʲôϲ鷢ڳϵֱֱڿռıǿԽԽУԽԽ׼ˡ
ʲôأ


1924 鷳
ϲ¶ϻûеȵ鷳¶š
춴ƴɱϢ˷ɢǮǵõϢⳡƴɱΪڻһȺ˵İΣΪס춴ע⣬ǰȫصڡ
Ǯ֪ⳡƴɱĴǶôشҪٳµĻǴڴΣգµʵټϲϡȸأѾòš
ҪصڣֻܿԼߣ
ԣǮѡ·֮һһϸ˼Ҫܿ춴ΧҪѡ̵·Ǯڼأȫˡ
һ·֮ϣһ˶ȥ鷳ʲôƴɱ¼Ǳ֮ܶ·
㣬ǻǱˡ
ʱװòϲĳϡǮǣһΪӵմϣЩʱٵĵطһȫƩϴΡ
Щʱ˶࣬һޱʱõηټ֮Ǯţմϣǵֲᱩ¶
ڴʱǧ״һȺȴ˷һ˵ţзӦˣ˾ڸ
ǧ׿⣬м䣡
ôãҵˣ֪ͨˣٶȸϵ˵أȥסǸ˿ɲһ㣬СΪ

Ӧ£ʱôһȺˣӿǰӲմϼһ·մϵЩˣǲɿЩĶԼһ²һ¡
ˣǧ֮࣬ת۾ʹǮǱŲµԭҲһȥɻûÿһȺ˾ѾϵȫΧסˣмһЦ˵ʲô㣿ܾˣǻ𣿡
£ϴ˰ɣ
ϴˣЦɨһȦ󣬽Ŀڳϣȵ͵ǵĶܣǵĶɡ
͵Ƕ
ʣб֮⣬ΧЩ˵ĿУϿɱףν͵ֻһڶѡ
ű㽻
ֱʨӴ󿪿ڣͬ˵ųһô͵ǵűѳϵ˵÷ǳɣȻⷬ˵ģ˵ԱΧ۵ģΧ۵ˣԶ١
ĩˣͷ֮˻˵ȺЩ֣ҰץЩˣܽ£Ըÿ˸һǧ鼫ƷԪʯңűֻջʣһͷ͸ҡ
˵꣬ΧȺǵĿ⣬żƷԪʯһǮѷڣûŪЩķģҪóȻжܻĺ䶯Ǯڻ˼֮ʱѾȡһСѼƷԪʯǰ˵ţҷģƷԪʯǸ𡣡
ļƷԪʯ˵ۣǵȼǵһźţóǹԹԽű
˼˻ûԼʩСóѣ˶㣬뵽Щˣǲ´ӦòˣĻҾĹ͡
ôһ룬ʱԳϺȵΪӣǾϲˣϣ㻹ӣԹɣ
˺Ƴֵͬʱлȡһǳˮ֮мֻ̣ǰ̣߼һ㡣
Ǯһ۾ȫɱȴǵȻˣЦԭǣֽˮʲô
ˮɺ裡
һأˣһ
ûţϾѾ޵ǲҲѷˡ
˿ˮɺǳţ˵˫ڴУΧȺУ˻عζˣǰ񲢲űô򵥵ģǶûȥϾһǧ鼫ƷԪʯܹ׬ġ
Ǿ͵ȫˣһʰɡ
ϵĻո£Ǯھ˵λϷôÿģһǧ鼫ƷԪʯҲôõģ·Ȱλܺǵ죬жԶԶҽģȫǵһͱ²ˡ
ǮܲƣɱأȺЩ˳ˮɺ״æЦ˵˵ҲǶʮˣôһɱҿڳԣԲΪǶǰ׸𣿴һϣǣϵĶһȡȫǴҵġ
˵ţˮɺ赱ɱȥֱܳϣ˾Χһ˶˳ȷʵˮɺǷ˵ˣΪЩΪˣûʲô˵ģϾ˶
ִܵĴУͷ£һն£ûʲô似Щɱжһָն飬ˮɺ˵봦ЩǵģȻѾҾ°ɡ
Ӱ̽һץֱӴ͸ˮɺʩչܣķˮɺ貱ץȥˮɺвϽ³һھѪʩչط
ָץˮɺ貱ʱˮɺѾʼӿϿʱżǸΪޣʩչα֮ǿһĺˡ
һΣϻҪСӦԣϺ˵ıһΣһˮɺˮҲϹǣЩ˵лһѾ˱ֻһǣ׵̵ţЩϻޣϹ
ڱеˮɺ״Ϊ³ϲ⣬ʱֻųϷ֣һ£ǱߣǮ䣬³֣һ


1925 Һ
׻ˮʮ֮һ
ԭжˮףһԨˮ̶Уһ֮ľٸס֮֮øͷ϶ǻͷųܣټˮ֮ܣ޸Ϊ׻ˮʮ֮Уͣλе塣
ɴ˿ɼ׻дʵʩչطܹΪ׻ߣʢ˿ֻ̣Ϻ󱳴λ̴ĻǾͽᴩ
ϱһ£龰Ϊץһץסֻǣ׻ǰ÷ֺȴǽںƺܣڶǴֺ顣
úõ˲Ҫ

׻׺˵峤ûиǣҾԴٵʱ򣬻Դ𣿽֮Ҳǰҫ
ȥɡ
Һɣ
ϵһ£׻ûκ쳣˴ϲЦƾ㣬ǿЦ̫δ˵꣬Ӵͻһ飬ǡ̡žرը
ʹϮÿһ䣬ȴǲţֱܣôĺҵЩɵҲܳܵסģǡ
ϵʼһףɳȹԴ٣ڿռϸҿ϶µƷףɫ֮ϣҲ˵Ը⣬幫ɫܹƣʹá
ﶼ㣬ο˵һֻ׵ޡ
ȷʵܹסɻȥֻǣڳջ֮粻ԭ֣ƽ˵ȥɡ
ʱһ죬¡ըѪըõǣЩŶ׻ɱˣһĻ鲻Խشסˡ
ͬʱˮɺطҲʩչɣˮɺޣ϶һؿǣۿȥڹֻ࣬ڹֻţȴȣֱֱԭץסˮɺĲʱץڹ겱ӡ
ޣ죬׺̶ȸڶ׻֮ϣˮʮŭ
ŭǷǿһƲãֻ֮㣬ÿһṳ̆ĪܣֻǣŭķڳǰֻǸЦѡ
˿̣ˮɺ뽫ӸȥϧϽץסȥˮɺȵͷңǵشһ
Ц㲻ǽôҪɱҿǸᣡ
ţΪץסңҾκβ㣬ŭŭ磡
ˮɺȻǿֻ׻ôȥģǾֻ֣˽ϸ»նɱ֮⣬·
ˮɺĻЦꣿôãοǺһֻڹ˵أδ£¡һը죬ڳģȴˮɺչ˾Ա꾱
һˮɺΪ㲻ܽϸըҪըһֱۣǻǴ´࣬Ȼˮɺһ𣬾ǱըˮĴҲûаͺղŵܲǺڳһӿֻУó˵Ȼ㲻ҪĲӣڹҲҪˡ
˵ţһץסڹǱԵһ㽫ôһڹǴˮɺϳѪ꣬Űʹֱˮɺ׼õһɱУʹûˡ
ҲѿһҪ˰ɡ
䣬ȣ顱һ̱Ѫ⣻ţˮɺ͸оԼڿʧûȷӦʳ֮ʱˮɺ͸оԼάֲסطҪŭ̬صԭӡ
һ˲䣬ŭʧѪȱ˫˫ţ뾱һ룬Ѫˮɺ裬ԭ˵ٶȸһӣϾͻһλ
룬ҡ
ģҵļܺãһӾˣֻʹѣϾûдﵽǷ켫ĵز˵ֱˮɺ轫Ҫųĺݻ˻ȥΪֱ˺޲ȥʹѾȫˮɺϽǵϵʽϵ֮ˡ
Щ˵ʵҲôһ˲ѣˮɺ˿˱ķʽһʵǿﻹҳϳľǳžƻ֮ʱжԶӶԶ
ϧǵļƻעҪա
Ǯô뿪Ⱥ˸ͲǮڵļƻ֮ڣȴϣպþȺ·ɱˣ˳ϵ֣ٱ¶
֮ɲĬĬţǰЩʱյƴɱⲻ֪ٴȥңڼ֮ǰ֮Ҳڸ½Ѱҹֻûжȥ
ڱƣһȻͻЩ£ټϳϵʱնɱ˲ȥ½ˣЩ塢ɵ϶ûǵȳǴ½ϢһһȺˣϢ㹻Ѿܹ³ô¶ˡ
Ӧ֮£пþƻգ춴ƴɱʮֲĵλϣⶼΣҪǳûܻصڣǲ
֣ǮҲŭ죬ͳɱǣԾЩȴԲȥˣʹɱ֣ҪնɱɾܵطֹϢй©
Ǯڻ˵ٶȵ㣬ǡǮһ仰ŭǲģɱԶкü


1926 Ϣй©·
ûкɱеֻǰ
Ǯڡŭǣֻɱ˲˵Ⱥ˩ˣóͷȥһǧ鼫ƷԪʯõһϱǣȴǷ˹ϵģϵرɱ
ֻʱǲ֮ǰǮ˵ĻϧڶˣȻǰȺ˺ܺýΪֹûһӵóȥǮڵüͷȻýֿˣƽϢˡ
ȻΧ˲ˣӵմϣһЩ뿪˵ģ˵ϢѾ⴫ˣǮţԶֵӰһӿģһĽӵݱ¶壬ǵþ𲻿ɣ䱳ʲôˣСС壬ΪеѪҺƿˡ
ʮϢӣЩӰɱڶ١նҡľƣһֶȥǮΧ˵ƴɱ˫֮˲֪̣׼ȷظǣĿǳϣ
Ǻܣ£ȴת岿λʣˮɺ˵ʹˡ£Ͻֳ£ˮɺӱɽڻޡ
󣬳ϲſЩĪܵɱУһ죬ڶЩܣٴ뺣һȫóɵڿռ
ȻЩ˶ô¶ֻΪʲôѣŭתҪɱȥ˵ҡ
£Ӱֻȭͷȭ֮ǰǴվŵһˣȭ֮ǴѾһƬհףʲôûС
սܿĻȺǰնɱϵģбˮɺıƶֵģȫĨȥ˺ۼԭʮӵմϣѾһƬžֻгһˡ
ӣǱ뿪ҪĻ·ߡ
Ǯڻæ˵ϿһԶüͷţȴǵ˵ͷʱһٶ뿪·㣬ڳߺ˴ƴɱֳԶĵطð˲ӰߵմϣţȺ˲֪ǸʲôͷȻɱ˸ɾ
Һǵںϡ
˭ôоƵġ
ҲǡˣǰѰҳϣѵϾǸϣ
пܡ
ЩۣܴȥʵûЩˣ֮ҲˣΪ׷ɱϵģɲ壬ɳɱ֣Ҳ̣ӵϵϵ׳㡣
Ⱥ֮ûиϵһΪԶȴΪһ·ȻɳˣȻɳûиϵüƴɱѾ֪˳ϳֵϢϢ˻ȥ
׳峤Ϊɳɱֵȫû𾪣ȴϢǣ߲㺧ȻӶȰ˵Ĵ£׵һߣæǺãֵµĳϣѾƾܹˣˣԮ
һصΪ֮ˣɳһЭǻɱϣ⣬һûᣬѡԼˣǻߣΪ
Ϣ˼˷ܼˣĴ˲ûйǣ˺ôǲ˻Ź֣ȻҲô˾͸쳣ȴʵʵڵĴôˣʼѡ
峤ȴܼ򵥣ֱ»ѡЩ̳ˣһܣ˭Ӯˣ˭ȥԵõϢûͨ͸ȴһָ˭ѡϣǾһ峤ˡ
Ժݺһȭ£˸ҵĶοóˡˣҲʧġҲúȫȨ顣
˵ǣһ·ϣڸϵһʱͣǮڼ״Ҳͣʵӣôˣ
ȥƲУǻûеڣͻٴαΧϣԽΧϾԽΣգпܾ춴
ȷʵǮڵͷϣһأֻ˵һֱиоǺ˶ˣֻ̽˼أûз쳣

Ǯںųϵֱʵӣʲôõ𣿡
ҿɣǷֿߡ
Ҳãٴα·ʵɢǡ
ǮҪԸȥȴҡҡͷ˵ΣǲǱ·Ǳֶʮ·ÿһ·ͬķȥ
СǮھܾ˳ϵĽ飬ӣǱ֤İΣһ·Ļ̫ΣˡЦİɣҲô׶Сġ
켴Цݣƽ˵ҪСִ򲻹ĻֻҲһסǮɫһͣȴ֪ʵϼΪ֮ұ¶Ŀԣ󽵵ͣȥڵĵͼҾУʱڴڻ档
Ǯ˼֮£ҲڵľƣֻˣҲͬ£ٴθװòȫŪһģһģ˼Ūŷ󣬽ϵϢȫ㱻ʶƣǸоϢҲһġ
⣬ϻΪ䡢׼һЩӦɱУȫ׼׵󣬳䡢սǷ룬һأԼôתŲͬķɱȥ
˾ٶȻЩԻᡰаٱ䡱ĳϣһ룬󣬾ҲѰңҲûĴͣٶڸȥ
һգڷٸ·ĳϣش󶯣պãִһ䣬ǰѣǽ£


1927 أ
СôϤһ֮ʱȻͣסŲϤ˲乴˳ϵ䣬ڻ֮ʱĿҲ˷СǶ
ļ죬ӣͨҫŴɫٶȼ죬Ҫ൱ڳϵٶȾתʮѭˣٶ֮£һɫ˿ڼٷ裬˾λ롣
⣬ϻȻľϲ֮УԵɶ
ȻһЩһЩⲻǳһֱѰҵС
ʮɽڶϱڶʱСԥس˽ֻźڶǿûܹһ֮󣬳ԣ֮ͼڴ½ȴ֪С䣬ǻ֪һֱţСţΪ˻׼ѪɫСţֻڿռγɵʱ򣬸Ūûˡ
ϲ֮ϣڿСһ˲䣬СҲ˳ϣһСҲǾϲˣֵԵľǣСٶȣȻӿ죬ǡСҲ͸ָ˵ζ
ͻأ͵Ϊ˸СʮˣǿСٶ͵ؼӿ죬Ҳżӿٶȣֻôöٷ׷СֻԶԶصš
׷Сʮ˵ɫЩѿǲûģٶȸϣǻֶΣһĹкСϡ
ʱɫٲһͣһĨ֮ɫͻһĻںСطеĳϣŭһӾӿͷڿռǿ֣һ˲֮䶼Ǵöࡣ
һСӣϾСˣ˻ᣬûܶùǵĹ罦ôѪʮˣǴǵվλܵ·ߣֵĽǶȣʽĴС˵϶ǳĬԿ϶ͬһ˵һһƴɱСӣǮһ
СȻ翪Ǻʮ˱ʲôأ
ʮһֱû֣ʣǾ뽫С׽ʯ뵽ЩóϸӳķŭˣҪǳԼͻðɫˡ
һǰ̤ȥЩ˿ϵĶЩ˵£죬æסֻ֥ɺ棻סǱضŸµĶ飬ձк񱨡
ⷬ˵õǺмеζֻתŵӣȴɱﻹ˼˵ʱ򣬿ûͣ£ǻΪ⽹֮Уֿ˲١
֮ǰǺʱ򣬳ϾˣɳĶСûȥᣬ˿ôԣѾŭ£ƽľˣһð
£֣СץУץסϱƺС棬ֱС嶼һ飬Ҳָٺ󣬲ֽڿռԼº͵ķʽעССܵ֡СزͣϲãԺﻹСˣҵˣ̫ˡ
Сû̫ˣȽЩúýӻָЩ
ˣСĵ㣬ЩҲ
İɣҲǰǿ˲١
ϰοţûСŽڿռ䣬ͬʱʮѾ嵽ǰϺСΧм䣬Χϵһ䣬ʮ˷ǳԵشһ
ΪǿСѾǵ֮ˣͻȻðˣǲԸ⽻СҪԸأ˵ǻŹһҪԸأǸ˵ˣֱҵն֮ҽ֮к֮նɱ¡
ʮɱһˣǲ׾ٵ𣿾İ˿еǶһЩˣ죬ǰ˵£ɺ滹ǰɡ
أ
һ㶣֮ǰһ˵ûе¶ֻóϽɺˣڿİ˵Ǻ棬켴Ц˵ɺǣȻС
Ҫ˵ʲôպĻھҪ˭֪Ժܲأ
һӣʮеһŮӣꡱЦ˵СֵܣɰҪΪ񱨣Σ
Ů˵ⷬͬﶼЦЦлżɵȻŮӲôģϿûֱӻص̫ˣҵۡ
Сӣ
һŮ˱ֱ˵ǿ϶ǱȾ׺ҪʽŮˣŵͬʱֱɱִһƬĩ˲ĩգϢʱ䣬ҲʧˣɳգŤš
Ů֮˵Сӣʱ䣬ȴƫƫҪѰǿϧƯúܽ鶾ɣ֪ʲô鶾
ϲɫСŮż죬ŮЦܽܣ鶾ڽյĶжʼжղȥҲУΪյĶȻڽ壬Ȼ͸УеȫҪĶܡ
Ůⷬ˸ӷˣΪѼӣɲˣ
ڳأܽӴһµģᵼڿռ˲֮ã˴ûᣬϵȻŹֱӷſ鶾ȫɽڿռ
ôоΰ
Ůӵ̧ͷص𣿡


1928 ֻ࣬һ
𣿡
仰ֱΪǡѼӷɲˡʮˣȫ˵Ƕ鶾һڣУҲֻǶΪΪ
ɴ˿̣Ѿ鶾еСӣȻû¶鶾鵤ҩԣǵӿһֲٿСشڳϻһΪܵӣּһ֡
Ϊһ·׷ǻǵһοɺӣǰҲˣɺ涼һȥˣ֥ɺȴһ̬
ʲô⣿
ͷ֮ڿŵʱŭɫӲɫĶˣԳϺȵ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ǵġ
㣬Ҫж٣ٴһѽһѵķĩĻҲûͣ£˵ﲻ鶾ɻ궾嶾Ѫ
һ˵˺üʮ̺ؾ綾˵һ֣ʩչһ֣˵ͬ˶ɰԼ࣬ǵĻмʮСҲЩеġ
£ܸò˰ɡ
ҪҾͰֵд

ȴûôֹۣоԼʩչȥ־綾ȫǳ׵˳ϵ׵ö࣬ͣҲ϶Щ綾ӳ˶֮ܣǣģȴһĵɫûаڵƣҲûңӻֱֱվб֡
󶼱ûж
öӿֻ֮Уδ飬ʱ˿ϵüͷһ£͵ش󶯣ٶȸ죬˵㻹ΪǰٶأԭҲĶǸս֮õǿߣǿɶһܹסο㡣
⻰𣬶ϽЦһ£޶޲˵ţѪѪҺ
ʱúܿ죬رʱ˲ʮӹȥѾԼеľ綾ϺըȥɽķѴӴĸоϻǺúõվ
˸оȫ벻׵ĶˣԳϺȵ㲻ûж
Ϊʲô
ҵĶҵĶô
Цˣ뵽֮ǰĻ棬ʵ϶˶ҪȻǰôüͷأ
ŶҾö̫ˡ
ۡ
ֱѪˣϵ˵Щ£û𣿡
Ĭһ㡣
ûˣҾҪȡˡ
СӣţӡһͷģסʳϣҪʲôĺ񱨣
ֻ࣬һ
ʲô
ǵ
ƽ˵ҪһԪʯƵģʮ˽һ㶣ЦЦŶԳ˵Сӣ޵еĴ򶾲֣ǲ֪еĽǲҲ̴ܹĵƴ̣
̳̽뽣ϣ羪裬ϵϵ˵ϧûԵˡն¡
ʱ䣬˵ֱն룬һûдʬڵʱû顱
ͻһĻˣѳʬ壬ȴôһģǿǵϴʵǿȻṳ֮̂Ϊʵս鼫Ϊḻŵʤǿϴľ飬ǣǰϴȴ˼һնˣ˶ˣǻûзӦ
Ͽһˣ˻һݣϽ˵£֪˭𣿡
˭죬£
ѪܵʵǰҲӳϵĻоóϺ۸ͷҲڲ֪ʧˣ۾һת˵磬ɺߣֻһ·պҲö·
׷ɱСһ£ôصˣãһŹ𣿡
С
ͫ͵һ֥ɺ棬ɵɺ棬Сģ
˵أ
£ǵĶֱ˵αرأɱǣƴһҲùû£ŭɱС˵Сô׷ɱģô׷ɱɡ
С
СһԾУһ壬Ѹײڶ֮ƣ壬С֮˱ֻʣһƤͷѪⶼޣá
ٴξȣ׷ɱСһ·ϣȻҲСЩ޵ѪʱǳǿҲΪ⣬ǲһҪСץסɱ
ǣڵɺǸоΣգǻɺûôңٶҲû¿죬ɺ淢˾޴仯ģʣ϶ǸˣͬʱҲףɺ滹˵ĳҪȻɺô
磬ǻãǡ
˿С˲佫˱ú󣬻æ˵ѾˣСѾ嵽ǰĵ֮˹ȥʧȥʶһ̣Ժﻹһ仰ƾǣҲˣ๼
أ۾Ȼȥ
ϿСɱ¾˵ţڿռСҲãʱھСʵôǿһȥڣС棬϶˼ˡ
ֻʮϢʱѣ˳նɱһ֮⣬ʣµʮһˣá


1929 £ٴ
һС飬ֲԣԼصľʵ̫ˣҪȻҲʮ½СҪСʮ˵׷ɱ֮£С
С˳𣬳ٴŴڽʱ򣬵ȻСŽڿռϸСǽ֮󣬱Լ򽻵ˡ
ССҿϿ¿۲һ֮˵Сһ㣬ҸŪһ·
·
ССĽҲû⣬һ˵Ҳô·ġ
ҸŪ·ɲͨ·Ŷ£֪ʲô𣿾ȫ۳ɵ·Ҫ㴩µĻͱƴɱʱٿԵٷ֮ʮ⣬ܽյһ֣ٶȸ죬ɣô࣬ɣ
ؽСߣСĿؽСתתȥֿԶСڡ̵ȵȣ˼죬һ㡱СֻˣϽ˵СԣϢһŪȥ
ڿռĳΪ˵ĳϣȻС˵£Ҳ˳ϣ׼ǶŪһ··ɲ󷨣ҪոȵȣҪǳԴʯȵȲϣһ׻£ʶֲж
СŪ⣬ڼо󡢴һ£һ·ûתǳǳܣĿʵ̫
춴֮սѾ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣ˵춴·磬ɱĦ϶Ⱥתʱȴ壬ɱһ룬¸춴˼ʧҪ춴һһεļӴͣѴһЩֵĻ춴ȫ߱ˡ
ǿ߱ɱһս춴ŭòɱȥȥҪڵȦΪڵ̫Լ˲֮ȴһأҪǹϻڵĻ춴ڴˡ
춴һȭ£޺˵۸Ĵۣ춴ʹ˥ҲҪôڻ𣬵ǣţ춴Բ˥
ʱʵߣѼϢ춴һ£󲿷ֶǲϢ춴ķң׼ٿȥҪϢȫٵʱ춴ͻػε˼۶½ϡ
⣬춴˲뵽ȥĵط½ϣһӡҲûУ춴ϽһϵϢȫ꣬üͷ߻һȺˣǳգۼնɱǧ棬óôǿʵģҲûмھ֮һ
ǿǴڵ𣿡
춴ţ۾͵һĦ϶ЩˣȻǳͬһطǣǶǴͬһҪǣڷⳡսȷʵЩͻأ᲻Ŀģ
뵽Щ⣬춴Ҳϣʲôͷٲںδˣ̵ʱڸҲ
춴ʱ򣬴ھأ˵ڻռϷ磬ֻڶҪˣе˳ȥҪ춴Źһʱ䣬ھͻ澳֮УҪǣǮǻûл
ûлü춼ûյϢˣĻ᲻ֳʲô⣬ȥ̽һֲֻѼϢ
һ֮󣬾߻ûϢһߣ춴ȴǵ֪˲ٹڳϵϢ֪½ʱնɱ˲Щȥ½Ѱĵӣ֪յҹϣ֪Ǵؾͨ߳ġ
ǣڳںδ춴Ҳûв鵽
춴üͷţֱ⣬ҵ춴뵽ԼؾͨɱٽһЩ¶ȫһ˼ס
гϵˣ϶⡣
춴˵뵽նɱЩвٶЩȻЩ춴ȫֵһᣬɴ˿̣춴Ҫʱ
ƴɱУҪǵնˣȴ㹻ˡ춴ϸɫ˵߳½ϢЩͳϽȥУһЩͳЩһÿһѰҳϣһܼٽϵϢȥȫֻҪ˵ĵطҪͳϵĸʾϾһ룬ҲҪ̳
ǡ
ϽȥɣһϢ֪ͨҡ
ǣ
߹ȥﻹţϣעҪˣǴҪˣǳ֮žΪ֮Զˡ
춴ĵ̹Ȼ񣬼ƴɱڶ̶̵ʱڣͽϢԿϯ֮ƣ˸½Щͺͳгڳ˫ջ£ȫѰҳϡ
Ϣ䡢սǮҲõϢһΪϵǸ·ϵڣǷƽ˾ûʲôۣǮĿң춴Ҫ鵽һЩʲô϶ٰӣβ˳صأҪдŵĻͺˡ
ȻҲõϢаٱ䡱һתÿһؾͻһףҡڸȥ˿ЩҪˡ
ͬʱԨһˣŸղϢ¶ģǿЦ


1930 ꣬
վԨϿЦˣˣУ
½һУϣѹβ˵Ҳ䵽˳УңľӰ죬ˣصԨ֮󣬱ţ˼ΪصУ˴죬һŸߵԨרųͷдشĵӵĵطԨ֮أ
Ԩ֮زڶľ棬رӰ죬Բע⣬ͻԸʶķ账бϾһˣûг٣öԨ֮صЩʵǺõ̫ˡ
ô˵Ԩ֮صһУʵʵڵģϣܸһã漣ĸоÿһο԰£Գѹʱܸ⣬㷴ѹ¡
ԣд̬ڶԨ֮أǿһøڶԨ֮صõһУУͷУ켫Ϊڡʱ
áʱ󡱣ʮ꣬һ꣡
ڡʱд꣬һʱ䣬ټǴУʵһͻҪǵ֮
죬ǡĳ֮գճо˹ڳϵϢ˵̤֮УԳʱӦúĲŶԣƫƫһθУ̤֮ǹ˷ܾҲȥһ롣
ѵѾ֮𣿾뿪½Ϣܳҵǰ
пЦԼȴûһ𰸣ʱ˸зԨһץסһʱЦ֮ζŨΪԨ˵ģȥҳϣ
֪ǰǱߣڣ춴Ԩ󣿾ô϶ͳйϵ𣿡
˵ţ˼Ƕ޹أȴã˵ǳϣֻУܾýôණ
ǿǸаҶ㿪ȴҪȥһ̾Ϣ˳̣ȥһˣΪԨòȥһ·ߣﻹڴ⣬ôô½Ҷġ
ĿĵţרѰҳ˶ĵطΪãٴ󵨣˶ĵطĸӦûСܶɣϾտɲ½
뷨еԨʥ½ʥ½ΪӵմϣԱߵ˽ϣųϵĻ񣬶մϣһ˶Ѱҳϡ
ҪﻹҾ͡ţһ¼ʵСֵܣȥ춴ôߣ
תһİޱȵƫƫȴϤУôأкԼĸоرڵõ֮󣬡֣
ʱпİ˵۾תһ£ٻһ£ȻЩ仯ֻ֮䣬תָֻһİףȴǻһſ죬鲻Խѿڶ㡭
ҡ
⼸֣к˵Ļȫ˻ȥİףˣǴʮ½ʥ½õĳϡ
УɲϵģմϺ󣬳ʱϤĸоŵϢϤУ˵̤֮УɢϢҲ½ʱһϤ֮У뵱ͳָоơ
ˣϲѭŸоȴϣָоˣȻ½üεУʱϾˣȴŨŨʣǰжûָоΪڻأĪ뿪ʱ
еõϵĿ϶شе𾪣޷˵˼糱ˮΣӿžˣĲ֪ǸЦأǸÿޣѡһ·ɾͻˣ̫ã̫ãֲһϤĸо
𾪣뷨оͽǹϤУȫǳϵԵʣûȥ̽ѰԵɣһԭأеĸоûгϵĸоǿҡ
֮͵뵽һҪ⣬һżȻҲ˵żȻĴε棬ǾǱȻˣȻ˵ʲô
ЩįоԼıеУлûʧزʰ飬˵Ƕ㣬㻹֣ҪҺһɤӣ֪ʲô𣿡
𰡣ҪҰ㣿
ЦţתͶ˵ιǳϣҪҵǸϣҿץҰմϵˣϡ֣Ȼɵȳ˵꣬Щ˳һۣţŤͷˣһ˻˵ǳϣҿǷӻࡣ
ǳϣǻװģıòģȻĻҵ׺滭һģһ
ϳϿҵؽ½ϴһۣͷ˵һӣңһҪȥҳϣҵһı
Ŀɿڴȴ˵˾䣬ǳϣ½ġ
ҲһӣǶǷӡ
ÿ϶˵ȻѿٶȥˣҲǴҴҶȥ˦˦һۣ˦ģҲǴſӡĿ⡣
ЦŶ˵˵Ƿӣӣ㻹ҪҪ
Ϊʲôʵǰȴǲأ
ɡ
ϳ֣סʲô


1931 һ
ʲô
һͷˮĪ˼㣬˵Ҫѣ

е˵ͷ˴ǵСãһ§еļ򣬴ǰȥ߱˵ż겻ʵǿ
˵⣬иϽ̽ϵΪȴûΪԻˣԼ뿪ʱ򣬳ϻ񾳽磬ôûأ
ϵĻҲУпԼƣϾˣѹоԼڵĹ֮ΪӦѹһͷϾˡʱ󡱣ӦûǸһʱȹ֮Ĵ
Ȼܡ
ʱ˵֮ԪΪĺ˴Ĵָ˵м״Υ͸УԽԽǿˣҪǫһ£ȴȻʶûΪܿҵΪô׼ң֪ˣΪʲôô޼ɵ
һ𰸣֮
ǲǾڵңǰһֻСϣôһ󣬾÷ǣϱȻһЩĶҡҡͷｫʮ֣Գ˵ҿɲң෴ǰҸоԼһֻСϡ
ŶͰѷҩĲϰȫóɣ
ϻһӹ˸䣬ֹջصԭϣɫ͵סΪ֮ǰҪöĴ𰸣ʱ½ϣɾͱթ˲ٺöָĺö࣬ôãøأ
ƺܲԸɣǴһܣΣ
ǰδе鶢ųϣҪϵʵأǹŪ飬˰죬ʲôҲûУȴǴӴָȡ˺Щݸϡ
ǻԵ뿪½ʱ򣬾ţһҪ㣬û뵽ˣӦþɣһ߽ӹŽڿռһ߸пض˵Ѫ˼ȴǻصһڵ飬㡣
𣿡
˵أ
ƣȴǿûдһĶҲûдָЩֱ˽ȥв˼ѲɣŪڿռ䣿
²⣬Դˣ˵̤֮Ļûڿռĵزû˵ȥϵһ鶫󣬾һȭͷСʯͷʵʲô˼
Ȼǵһμ棬ɱҵ˼ڶμ棬㻹ûɵңֶټϴҲ˲ٺôʯͷأ͵ǲɣŰɡ
нӹʯͷظоٶһ۾ֱˣ̧ͷųϣһһ˵塪СԴʯ
Ǻôеġ
е𾪣һӿͷһԴʯļֵɱóȥĶֵ߶ˣͻأʵʲôĿģ
ʲôĿģ·ȥ춴һ
٣
ǰȥ춴ûʲô
ⲻ鶯óԴʯˣû˵⻰תʵ㲻Ӧȥ𣿡
ڲȥ˼ֲɵӣֻҪµһЩ϶ڴһߣͶ굽˼ҵһȥתһȦ˵춴һһܶһꡣ
㻹湻󵨵ģȥ춴ѡ
һЦʵûеӵģţҾеˣô˵Ҳǹ֮ǿˡüڼڣǹ֮ǿ߲٣ǵʵ춴治ʲô˵ûӦҪһȥ
ˣΪʲôģ
ֱӽеˣлûϳϵ˼ά˵òصسҵİɡ۾͵һϸоˣ˵㻹ǳҵģ˵ɣʲôôԵķϣҪʲô飬ҾʹӦˡ
м϶˵ˣҲͲֱԵ㣬ʲôҲ֪ҽӵҵ㡣
ͷ϶ҵҺҴùϵԺкôϺ˵лصҴûôɹ
˰ѹöˣνˡ
˵仰ʱȴŶйϵٴ˵ֵˣǿƣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ơ
ģأвٵƣԱĻҪ࣬Ҳһ飬Ƶʾʲôżﶼһ飡
۾͵ô󣬽ϵĻ׽üʵȻҲ֪ƴʲôҪϢȥĻ϶д鷳
鷳ңˣҶὫһϷ
Ҿһˣ
Ӧǡ
֣ˣ޺˵֪Ҷȥ½Ȼ㣬ӣôҲӲģȻӲǾ͡
̫ˣʲô˰ţס㣬㲻ţײס㣬ҪƵ
˵꣬ϵǰȥн˽ȭͷȥ˵ʲô˼ߵһ˼ϡٴʱ͵سһеܣնϣ


1932 α죬
ûдѿûܱϢ΢˼£һϢһУǴ̿͵ıɱһɹʣ
ѳ֣ȴûаַӦ
ת˲ۿҪնڳϺ󱳣ҪĶϺͻһڶڶ֣о͸оǰһڣ̺ŵӴܣ˲ʧޣһӴڶ
ƾз涼ǿտҲƴҲֹסڶ꣬޴Ŀֻţ֮ʱ뵽Ϻпܻǻѹסȡʤ
ǣҲѹסǾһҵƴɱ˵׼żռϷ磬ڳϵһϵֶ֮£հܱ
ȻǰȴǣʼͱѹסˣҲãǿɬòͻƵ֮ΪԼôҲеʱˣǣڳϵǰԼСˡ
ԺǼĳһλ϶ռϷ磬ȥҲǳҪЮֶΣеڶΣΡ
еóһۣÿһμ棬Լǿϵľ룬ȴøԶΪϵʵٶ̫ˣϡʱҲ׷ϲϡ
ڵʵһֲøȥ춴⣬ԭмֱ¡ţͻرɿȥžһҵڵء
ҵص˲䣬ҲоϤصڣȴתղŻȥĽһţ˵ѽйζղŽĶɺõ̫ˣȻӺҾȴ֮ˡ
˵꣬Ͼͽڿռûǲ죬ֱתͬʱϸϸоǸ족
ζʲôҲˣøϵĻ˵سʱĶͳͳ֮Ϊ죬ִϢĶϻһƣͳ취ͼ취űˣΪӹű𣬲ܹڵϡ
ʱϢм񣬲Ϊֻس⼸֣ȳϺ׽˼飬ʸϡسôһ£س֮ǰʲôĶ᲻ᡢܱܲ족ʱ򣬸һЦ˵һΪġʱδй©֮Ļ
ֻǸһоһ£˻ȥƾһθоѽϢؼסˣҲŴˣϲܡšнϢζ
˵ûи𰸣ǣЩѾڳû˸׼Ըȥھ򣬴ĬĬһ·
еĽȷʵоô㲻һĸоָоȴת˲ţеĽƷ̫˵ԵʣеĽƷ͵һ֡
ϧˣֻһα졣
̾Ϣ˵Ҳڿռ仯ɲСǵɽˮֱ仯ȫǶαģԺҵöռķˣ̵Խ࣬仯Խࡣ
һߣѾоԼ콣ʧȥϵУٴλͻأʵôɱң
Ҫɱңڻܻţ
ô֪
оղһԣ㳹׷ģûУ
ˡ
õĴ𰸣³һ˲٣ȷĶȷˣЦûһˣһˣͲٻصڣȻҲֲ֧˵
Լ
վǰȥһЦں󣬻ҪǶ˾ͺˣûǴ취֪ûУϧһʱеȻȥнٽһˣϣ춴кö̫ʧ
ǰ·Ĺ򣬳Ǿʹʥ½Ѿ̤춴Χϼ״ЦҺУȻҪܶ๦ܵ춴أŪûᵢ¡
еĵͼͨڣȥ춴ģ治̫ȫ棬оͲһˣһͼߵ̵·һȫ١
͵أͣס˽Ų˵ǰߣңǾͿܻ춴ô죿һ·ɱȥȥ
ѣһ֣͵춴𡣡
˵ǰȥȻ춴һ࣬ŶʮˣȻԴ˿̵ĳ˵ʵôǣûݾߣĵȺţһʱ
һȣĸʱ
ڵȵһûᣬ֮Уи˱ɳȥв̽ȴͬĴΧ֮󣬳ϸ˵ᣬֱӳֽ£Ȼʩչѻȡһּ󣬸װӡ
ţ˵Ҫࡢίˡ
Ҳɵӣ˳ϵ˼¶ɫϱֽ£ŪʮֵǱϡϾǰ߰ѪҪңжң˵İɣҪջ񲻴Ļҷɣ
һѡ𣿡
ûС
Ͼ˻ȥͬ￴׷ƶ˭
ŶСӽαҿģ㽫ץסǸʲô˵֪ϵ䣬ֲ˵ˣ˵Ҫߵλߡʵǿˣ糤һ࡭


1933 ɱ¾
ôΪͣСǷʰ
ɳ춴ӣ˵ͱȥǼʽҪкúõرһ٣ԲпֶпڣϾҪϢ͸༶ˣͺûʲôйϵˣҪǽϢȥĻǹͿɾʹȥرڴʱ˿̡
ûгֻһν˵˵СӻǷʰƤòУ㿴Ҷ⸱ģˣֶһʹ򣬴һ㡭
ɳߵǰˣֱһȭ£ˣɳҪһȥץסĨȥǵѪҪңϢģҪǼˣһԱʲôòҪ춴ЩᲷĸˣϵʱ㵽ǽϢˣŵʱҲúܲҡ
һɳסˣȴһǰȵСӣ㻹вǣƫҪ㣬ʲôˣвˡ
ϵ顢˵ĵƶһģһ˿ûɳ˵ĻˣߵƢȷʵôҲܲвɳϳնȥﻹ˵šΪ֮Ļӻˣæջؽţסϣ˵ƶס֣Ϊôһˣֵá
ɳͷҲܣն˫˫š
ϻҪնȥɳһȣҪȥǡ˵꣬и˵Сֵܣ˾⣬ͽ͵ȥ
⻹࣬ģҪҵ˺ô˵һЩ˵ţϰһۣõһնɱơ
ɳһ˻춴ĵĵطȥ˿̣ûеõϢ춴ЩΪܹȷϵķλȴҶģҪǳϲǴҪˣֵĻͻһεĴΣҪģ˭
Ȼûȷ춴ȴٴν߸õøι̣ƴɱЩ֣糤֮࣬װˣоۼһʱ
ֻҪٸһŷҾȷ
춴ţüͷ䡢ǮǣȴԽԽˣȻҲͱȽز춴ķʱж˿
϶ȺնɱĻ壬ŰɣǻΪ˸۵ġǮüһ飬ֽע춴ķ棬ڣϢصڣǲܵˣô죿Ϣȣ
ǮںܿԼ뷨׶ãһضӦ˰죬Ǯڶڷϣݺ˵ҪҾƷ⣬һŭǿ϶˼ʱһ㲻ܽ춴ķ߳˺飬Ҳ̶ܹˮ룬ӻصڡ
ôһ룬ǮڲΣһ·ɱ˳ȥʱϢʹ춴Ķ춴ûжֻص˵ٵȵȿǴİϷ
Ҳûжʱ춴ǵֵһ첻һ죬ڲƽѾʳ˲춴ĵ̣þҲ˲Ϊ̫ˣ춴ôҲڶԿôˡ
ֱǮֳ˶ŻȻһЦջɳ²֣ȻҾͲˡ£ȫܳԶٳԶ٣Բ˾ͻٵ
ԴǿӲƣ춴Щˣ춴ţֻһμӴ˽ȣֿĿ⣬ϣ˵ţôǿƵĹ͸˵ǱЩ̡ʣʧȥҲûʲôֻҪץסؼ㣬˶٣Ҷӱ³
ӶŭȴڵӣǮº󣬺ԥվ˳ҡڵɱ˳ȥЩ٣ʱ춴µĵһߣѾ˺ˣ£ٶȣɱڶ㣬ˡ
ս٣ȴɱͣսɨķ
춴ķٴΣϾǮǱǴڰһ֧춴Щǿߣ޼ҲǣټϣǻõĴڴӱʱǽйĵز
һһϢٶȴ춴춴֪ԼķץˣҪȻ͵ĹЦݣȴɻųϣϵֽ񣬻ûϢ
Ȼ춴˹սϢڼս⼸ʱĿһԯս񣬴Ҫҵģ˵սĻָ۷ʵпܰڶȹ˽٣ֻǣΪʲôὫսŵױ¶ı
ʵ춴ﻹһǿҵУϾһ̣ճģҲȥճľ
춴ԥʱɳųϡ䣬ҵ˸ǵϣϣСӽα˵гϵϢ
ϣ
ϴ󾪣Ȼ֪ϣ춴Ѱҳأ˰αϱ£ɳûȴǸƶ
ɳͷģֲǰ׳ա
Ǿͺá
ϴеϵǰϸϽʵα
ǵġ
гϵϢ

ʲôϢ˵
ûش𣬿һۣصϣ˵ṩϢģͣ
Ҫʲô
ű


1934 Ǽ
˵Ҫʲô
ű
һһ˵۾ﻹǡֵسʮֵ̰Ŀ⣬ϽüͷƵĿ⣬ڿеĿʱȫʧˡ
˵˵Ϸ͸㡣
УȽűңҽ͵ȫĵطٸ㣡
üͷűɲһķֻһΪƴɱŷַģӵűƴɱսȷʵ٣ڣȻϢ뻻һűɱӿñĿһΪôߺһƣֱӴӴָóһ˵ȥűڣϽ˵ϵϢ
Ȼǹ֮ǿߣҪǰķǲűȴҪעһãܼóиʩչһʩչ¶ˣԼϵܹԼΪϢı䣬ȴܸıϢԣûӹ
ʱϺȵСӣ̫ʶ̧ˣϸģѵм٣˵ȣһʱˣǰⷨ϶ǼٵģǺ˵ϣɱҰɡ

ԾͲűһϢûУ㻹ƭңΪǵ¸֮ˣ϶ᵱСˣ㱰֮£û뵽
лﾡǴ̣ɫ࣬ȷʵǼֻΪϲһۿղ˵Ǿ仰Ǳƶûá
˼֮£ϲһȣӸУǳ˵֪ʲô˵нӹûзϲɫŨ˵һûеȫĵطҪ˵ˣɱô죿
СӣϷ޶ȵġ
ͲˣҸɱˡ
ϾñһϰŵѣкܲˬҪǶǳϣǰСӸĳ⽴ˣǿѹŭ˵
һ˸ң㲻ܸţĴֵѣûĴߣҪҷңҾԱ
ϢǼٵأ
Բţߣ˵ţлȡ˳ݻϣеĿȴһֱڶϣǲᣬ۾һ£ȵҼ㡣
ϸϵ˸ɫϵͷѺα˳ȥϵȻĳһˣֽ˰иȥҪȷűᶪʧȻαСҲӵ
ϷĶôãǿɲ֣Ҫ⣡Ϣһʱ֮Ϣ˻
Ϣ˵ʥ½ֹ˵þǳǼ£¶ǧȷģлһЩϣνǾŷְ붼ģֻʣ°Ǽٵġ
ǰּ٣ϳǸУպ½ϿһȹƣԣԶԶظһξ룬ò½ûˣٸȥ¶ڣץסˡ
ּ٣ϸ֪
֪ǣα˵Ǹ˾ǳɣԽϢϱ춴ڶȵ飬
Ϣ춴˲ޱȣϢǼ٣Ͼͽеıȫ˵һ飬춴˾ŷ֡
ʮ½ʥ½½պȥڵ·ߣ
ϵɱ¾Ϊڻϣ
˾ŲʮϾǴҪҵˣսӣȫΪҵעϱƣһȺֻΪ㣬׼ڴڼϣȻǺüƣϧҡ
춴ϢƲЩǳĶһֻҲȥˣϻ˳׷ôڵ˳ֱ룬ȫڵΧڣǻԮá
ڶϵ壬˵ҪȥڣһնɱϵĻᣬϣٶȣǿǰɱ
֮춴۾ﻮĿ⣬϶ΪҲȥߣһǻǴڵĵ̣Ҫʤʱңƫƫ֮
£춴ʧߡ
˵һߣصԼϽĵϺȴûпһˣ£Щɻ󣬡ôûлѵ⣿
ˣ֮УæѯʣһȦȴ˵ûп㷲ҪǰһʱץסУһѪش˽
ϼ״һ㶣ʵʲô£
Сһ֣ɱ֡
أ
ˡ
ˣ
ǵģɱˡ
ôܣҲɳ˹𣿿𣿡
ˣҲɱˡ
ϵݣЩûᣬҲûУæųϣѪأ

˳һѪȻھͺãھͺáţѪץȥһץȴץ˸ա

㶣Ŀؿųϣɱغȵƶʲô
˵أ
Ѫȣ
һЦʵ֪ɱ˭𣿡
ζŨȫ䱸ʵ˭
֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô


1935 ҵ
ϲɵӣô˵ʱ֪ˣ뵽֮ǰץѪȾȻץһգʱȻ֮ǰûʹƶҲ׾پץȡ˿̼ƶ޿ֵӣ䲻׼ƶںδǣԷһ
ϿصϣָУ˵У
У
ϲδ⣬һ͵һ飬ȵУ
ʵ
ǡ
˵ˣȻ֪ǰмƶ˭ˣȻϻʣôװװôһ࣬ǣеʶҪˣϽĻͻһ̫žΪҪ³ϲʲ¶
У뵽³֮ôо͸ݸ׸ˣҪһнϣʤϵĹѸ磬ҲǲѪɽڿռ˲䣬׼õĺڿռӿȭһһתĺڶ
ȭ
̶ϼܣֱϻƣ󾪣Σ֮ʱæҪӿάֹ
һȴֻܵòУǧרϸ룬ϣ۲Ͼ̵ؿųϣЦȴʹǲǺܣ
㡭
ðɣϵ£Ը
£ȭͷܣһȭؿڣʱ߹Ǿ飬Ȼϲû˱ײɣųϵȭͷ
ͬʱϸоڵӿתϸϽҪȥȴһαķ֣ͿƲˡ
Ϊʲô
ʸճͷųȭͷײȥһײûҳϵȭͷ·޵ԨһڵѪ⡢кֱײϲسֻȭͷ
ʮϢʱ䣬ڵˣʣϾãȻͻ䣬زֱоԼΣʱĶִһڿɻ⣿
̧ͷǵȴ׹Ԩı飬˹߶ţⲻһΣġţϲƵһȴоԼѪȳʧȥϵ
ȫһʱ˵ԱߵУޱȵʰϣҲЩʧﷴһͷʵĻҪߡ
ߣѾסջ֣ӻڵأ϶ʵղѪȵζܲģ߱Ѫȸ߼취𣿡
ѡҵġѪȡôˣ
ˡ
ָɾ˵ȫԺˣȻ֪ԡֵĺ壬ֵǲֻһҲûˣҪûеĻ
롭ɱң
ϻڲҡͷ˵ɱʲôأһҪ취ء
ҳ춴룡
ðɣΪ˳ȫ壬Ǿֻˡ
ϻһ䣬аٱ䡱һתһġϡͳǰŸԼһģһ̬ȫͬվǰԸվһ
Ŵ죬𺳣˵Ҳ˲֮ǰеʣֻǣĽԸ֪
ϣʤ𣿡
ȫһﾪ̾ţȴ¶Ц˵װô㻹㣬һңҵԸҵϰߣ㶼֪𣿡
Ҹղźϻ˴죬ȻĻʱˡ
ϲ첻ػش׹Ԩ֮УǿˣϻûоʹЭ˵ҲܳɹǶӢ϶¶ţ֪֪Ķںδ֪һҪʲô𣿡
֪
Ц˵ϼƻòȴȻЦóôζֳ˲˵ţͱ˼ˣҲȥˣʲôã˵Ͼһ٣ڿ϶ȲȥҲѣ춴Ҹұ֤϶㡣
ǣϾͻ֪ˡ
ϽĻ˵£ϻûдԼȰϵ˼άʱѾһϵͷתˡѻ
һѻ꣬ЦŨˣղЩûа׷ѣϸûа㷴ѻ֮ͨޱȵؽȥϵõϵĴ䡣
ʱѻϻڷ˵ѹˡϴһѹųϾʹʲô
ӣ״̬ܺҲвĺô
˵⻰ƶǶϲᣬԹԵ˵˿ȥڵ˳ֱ룬ôڵݽϾˣȻüƣһ£ҲԻѭˡ
һٴνסʵô֪
ҵ𣿡
ϻһ䣬ţϵ壿̫˼ϣ˵춴̫ˣҰź·Ҫʰ˶͵ҵǰ
˿̣Ѿȥ϶ʩչʲôӶ֪һУ뵽һǳǳҪ⣬Ϣ϶Ǽٵˡ
ʱһ䡰ллڶһҫС


1936 Ԩ֮أȴʱ
Ҫˣ춴ôý
Ȱ˵ţﻹ춴ϳȥ٣붼£ڣȴȥ춴ĺ֮أʵһ֮С
ЦǲǾúܴ̼
̼
һ£صĴ̼ԸڶԨ֮Ϊʲô粻أٲأƫƫ̼ʱأ
Ԩ֮أǸʲôĵط
һӣȴһӾ뵽϶˵ԯ֮Բ׳˼˸ۣ˵Ԩ˴شĵӣᱻԨ֮طѹĸ½ҾͱԨ֮ˡ
кȻľͽԨ󡢶Ԩ֮Щ۶˳ΪΪЩϳ綼֪ҿ˵˼˵ͳ֮䷢ʲôϵء
˵㲻Ҫлң
лһҪл㣿
ӵнĹ֮ΪԨ֮Īϵɣ
΢䣬ûзϣҪȥԨ֮תһȦļƻֻƻ֪ҪŵˣУеõĻԯʲô
ţȴ˵ſģ춴ٵģֲƴɱģõô֮Ǿˣ֪
ҪǱ춴ץסأ
Ҿ춴ʣ뿪
ش𣬻ǳеϣİĿųϣ˵仰治˵ġЦЦ̤ǰȥ
˿̵ĳϣװϣȻϽӵҲԸȥһҪڵû˻ɳϣһǸͲ뵽˴󵨼ðϣϰʵ̫ˣǼϣȫһģһ
ɳһ˵ʧ˵ɽҹȻ󣬳ʲôʱܵϢ
һк󣬳Ͼʹиϵļ䣬춴֮ȥͬʱӵ춴Ϣǲûо͵Ǹһ峤Ĺе⣬ͬʱóΪûնɱϣ춴á
׳λ峤Ե£ҲڵǴڣڵľǴռϷ磬ҪմȡʤǽΪɾð˴ڣʱڿ϶Ὣŭǵϡ
屳˽л٣ٿϵĵǣ˵һϱɱȹԴپѾǴԣҪзȥɣڶһˣ˭˭Ļᣬˣλ峤ɲҪʧ᣻һΣǺһڳ϶Ҫȥ֮⣬Ҫ׼ȥѡ͵һο飡
ǣ
׳˹ӦĿҲŻȣ׳Ŀﻹ˼ֳޣ峤ֱӶԵһڼ̳˷˻׼׼Ҫ̡
춴ƴɱĿɲԼ䱳Ŀ⣬кܶˣעⳡƴɱϣƴɱı󣻶еĳϣ񷣬Щ˿
Уӡ
ӵĲãѾӽβµЦϣѡ㵱Ϸ֣ѡˣĵȵȣϷҪϳˡ
ǳңǬڡ
֮أõϢʱҪȥڣȴס˵˽ǸгϵСӣʲôˣ
ѡ
ͨѣǡ
ͨѡ
ŶԳŮһ֮ԭͨѣȻˣǾˣ㻹ǸϽȥȡ̤֮С׳кü֪꣬û
Ҫȥ𣿡
ֺûϵΪʲôҪȥ
ѵõ¶̬ĥ˰죬ȥ
ʲôϵ
ҡŮϲҪŮܱ˺ܱˡ
û˵ȥűŮӦ֮ʱ˵Ȱڣץʱ
ڣһأ棬Ѿǳ΢ˣʤȫʤ춴һͿأ֮ûг䶨˭ʤ˭䡣
ңѹ󣬾춴ƴɱʤˣǻҪһѹأѹȥǾһ𶼰׷ѣǹˣ÷ֹ֡ʳȵȡ
ϣǸؾô飡
һ䣬ֽע˶Դ˵ǳҪĳϣΪֹѾоŷְգܸڴģǳϣٴѪԪĲҲܿһˡ
ҪôİգôܷⳡսʵǧǰϾѾ㵽һѣԺϾһֱڲ㣬ѰҴڵһϧתǧȥǺֱǰãϲ㵽½ż
ǻĲ룬Ͽеһһܹѹ޲Ǹؾķȴȴһˡ
Ǯڷɱ¾ĿģûжΪڵ춴ĶڵȳϵϢҪһʧ
ʧ
֪춴Ѿߣ춴ҲûֳʲôûжԾǳֻ֣ԶԶƹս񣬿սӡеս̫ԶǷļӿ϶ˣ֮ˣΪҲڵųϢѣһ֣Ǭ
춴֪ǣҪҵĳϣĵϡ


1937 ɨ
վڲ·ǰ۵Ķȥϵļ䣬Ƕŵģ춴ûпܳʱ䣬ǿһۣǶ֮󣬱ԥת෴ķȥ
෴ķһ춴ͦܶλãôãôȣǿɲһ˾ģȻڿռǹʹóʵܽ϶׻ɱǣһ룬춴ɳ֣ǹ֮Ϊǿߣϣ춴ΪӦø֮߳
˵Ϻ߽ǸͨͨĶΪͨá󡱵ĵطǾΣգټϳ֮ʲô綼ûи򲻵ѣϲ춴Ӳ
һ⣡
ȡ춴˳䲻֮⣬оǻȡΪԼΪСɸžƣһһߵڡ
ţϸоЩ֣ΪЩûˣȥĶǳϴϼûеõģʣкܿ쵽˲ر⡣
׼𣿡
ϴ˵˿̵ǻϾ춴ĺţѾ²ȥˣǾͺúõش̼һء
һе˵ͷ
ͳƣŶ룬浹żȥеϹеֻǵͷʾ⣬ĳûȥᣬͷʾĳǴŰȻ֮ɫӦΪƽʱϾôġ
켴ϲǵüߵһǰó˵ҵűѡ߼Ϊķ׼
ΪҲ֪
ϷƭţȥʶϺ⣬ԥӣ˵飬ʲôĺӦú
ɫһ䣬˭֪ŭܱң˵˶ɣҪĲű⣬õĲ߼ûʲôˣһ˵ȥʣϸҼٴϽøҡߴûǰϲˡ
뵽ЩóһСƣų߽ű⣬űŵĴ󲿷ֱﶼô߽ףҲǹű֮࣬켶ķûУ©֮㡣
ϣѡһ㣬Ƿǳʱ̣ʱ䱦滹ôˡߴߴ˵ЦϣϢˡ

߻û׳仰˼ġġѾ˰ϣԳڵʵֱӱʲô˼ûУ켴ϳ֣ð֮߳УûʮǾѲģʮ֮󣬳Զȥˡ
ߣϲ̽űĲã󷨡֮࣬ͬʱС춴Ĵ󱦿׵ļ飬һǽвǲܴһЩڰĺö
ҲЩֶΣϲҪű⣬һŶţҪȥһţ˵Щƾ͹˰һˡ
Щôȥɱȥ𣿡
˵߾У㿴ʲôˣɡмгӣŬԼȡ
𣿡
ˡ
ʣµģɾҵˡ
ϻһ䣬ڶ֣ĿɿڴĿ⣬Ͻűеķȫ˸ɸɾűÿտҲ볤ϵĴָҲ£кһɺԣʵĿڿռ䣿
ǰɡ
ûϹľڲӿ˼˵㣬ϡԱǾһǽȥдɻ
ֻųֻ̧֣ǽϣЩʱ䣬ǽھͿʼϢһɹ˴Ķͳǰ̤ȥֶű⡣
ɺϵأֶűһѡŷͨС֪󷽵شкҶϣҲڰ
ǰϣ㡭
Ҷϻû˵꣬ͿǸһʱʧ˲һ飬ȵʲô
ﵱȻñİܲרкİɡ
ϱ˵ţ֣߳˵꣬ҶϾͲ˰ߵĺ󳾣֮ǰһ֮󣬳һɨٸ⡣
һű⡣
춴Ĳرͬһ㣬ֲãνǻأֻҪһضǣһȫֻǣСǰȫʧȥãǷͬһǽڣӵסϡ
һű˵ȽСûڣɨһ飬̾ţǴôõ춴Ȼ࡭
ϵȴţЩ֮󣬻᲻¡֮١
ţţһν˴ɨȫɨ֮תҩ⣬ҩȫɨɾٽڰһЩﶼȡߺ󣬳׼ˣеĿѾﵽˣʱڵӵ˶һ죬춴ҲҲ
ǣȳϺСʱСȴ˵쳣
ʲô쳣
ҷһصصϲ˴Ի󣬻Թɱ󡢻ظ࣬зС˵ţʶǿܷ춴ڰʵһֻ㡣
صϼûеġ
С󣬱ðжϹ
һǽڣûʱ䣬͵С˵ĵطյصǰʹһ׺𡭡


1938 ǿ
׺է𣬻һɷ籩ʱо˷й͵غըϣͺ񲻻Ӿˣһӱ˾κУҲûУ·Ϣȥһ
ʶҪȫģʱȻоԼߺðԼûУԡⰲ֮УֽȻͬĸоֱз㶡
Ҳף£ܹģ˳֮⣬ˣͶȥмĿ⣬˵óϰȰջģǣˣ벻
еģȷʵǳϣüͷýֻһ׺𣬾֮ǿߣ˲ɫ԰ֱҪԣ֪׺Ķ϶򵥡
һҲǣصͨһܱ⣬ܱ춴ܱģȻ򵥣ϳ־еͬʱֲ赲ס׺⴫ȥҼڶ̺ܵڿռɣɲ׺ȥ˶˵Ҫ춴ʹˡ
׺ڼȻŪ˶ֶΣ󲿷׺ǣһС͸˳ȥصײʱֱôضҡ
ЩڲرûȥˣҶϣʱоЩ쳣ٶҶæ˵ôԵ޹ʵ𶯣ǲǴɱˣ
ҿ񣬴ڲôɱģˣҸղŻһûУ
ϸϢҶصػصȷʵкӵص״
صףصʲô
ʣҶǶһƬãȻȻҲ֪ر滹صһ£ҶȻ˵أûг𣿾ϲ˿̱ҲӦóŶ԰
һҲ²һЩܣҶҡͷ˵ֺܲԾĸо·ȥסˣرΧʣµˣһȥű⿴һ
á
ҶϴǰȥȻϳأȴеףȻ춴ǣ˿춴ϾҪˣ춴һʵϣԼõĶ˵ȥ춴е˵ܵõĳö
صУҲоص𶯣֪ʱᱩ¶ĳϣС󿿽ϵССϢǰһֻޡ
Сžϲֻסܱ޳ʲôӣĩˣС˵ȫʩΪĻֻܹʮϢʱ䡣
ʮϢ
һʣ˺᲻ܴ󣿡ܱĶȻˣڳϿС˺̫ĻԸҪ˵춴Σջء
СصǺһЩһӵӣ˺ҡ
ãңϸϵ㴴ᡣԭصȻ߼ǰȥﻹ˵ʮϢѾˡ
ܿ죬ϸϵطʮɣɽޣûϸĹ۲ȥֱȡؽӿնϬһ֮
նۡ
޲֪ǺεĴڣȻǧһ֮ʣӣñסؽܹĨɱԴ٣ܹնơһؽȴֻޱնһʮ׳Ŀӣʮ׳ĿնϵĻ类ն룬նޱϣֻһСˡ
ȣͻõġС˵С󣬾ڣϣСϹâһס
ޣǿ˵ĶģŶôһʱ䡣ŵʱѾߵ޺ǰ«ʱ䲻˷ѣôޣϾ˻֪СʲôӰ졣
ûôʱȥоʲôİأֻ«ǰǽڵķţȻ֮ǰԲˬķ˿̾ǲˡ
ʱѹϢʱ䡣
ѹ𾪣һǡȭǡ֮ն£׺ֶΣһبžǿߣҲᱻնϡãֻǶһ۹â
â֮УʧˣͻȴһԲιĻɨһԲιĻԥ˺ֻʣϢʱˣƲĻ
˵ϼҪҲȥУĻ֪ô¶أʱĻûƣ춴ˣǾͱˡ
ֻҪСڣԵáȴѾ˵СǳԺȻ˵꣬ȴûзССԴԺްҲסˣҳ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬ͬʱؽٴն£һϢ֮䣬նʮ֮ǰʮǰҪһ˿ڣһϢʵڶһǬ似㶼ʹ˳ϣСޣûжֿܵӲ
ҹֱƤЩ˿ڽѪƮڿУѪ衣
ǣƤѣϵɱȻûи޴ˣСûܴ롣
ȳҪǿޣϻҧڹ꣬޴ĸоиС˵ֻʣϢʱˣңǰ־ƣСɲһ֧Ϣ
ʱ˿̣Ҫ춴ٸ
ϲȥɱмþκβޣôǣ͵أ۾һٴμƴޱȵʵڶ˵С󣬰Ūڿռ


1939 ȥ
ɱм꣬ȻһЩ󷨰ֶ֮Σɶ˵Ҳ޼£ʱֵȲֻܳ²ߡ
ڿռ
Ȼǿޱȣ潻ս϶һǶ֣ǣֻҪŪڿռϾмѹסޣϾڿռս
ҾͲţ㲻ϲڿռֻҪϲҳˡţǸʵڶѾ߷üɢŨŨĻϢ
СĻľ͵عͣţڵһƵģʵСһڽޣһڲ
Сסޣɽڣ޲ס֮С֣յȵȼѲóǲ˳Ҳᱻ޸ĥ
𡭡
вѣϵ˫У˳ޣŭȼգȻǳϸ˿ڣǳŭˣҲǣǿޣ춴ĵλǳȻģܻ˺ǳİһѪֵģСסɷӣŭŹ֡
ŭҾŭһ㡣
û£һͳޣôӴ󣬴Ǳܲ𣬿ңҲûаҪܵ˼һû֮
޵ŭ𣬸ˡ
ϻۣǿʵڶؽѾ˳ȥһƥ޿նؽսСҲϴڿռ˳ڳڿռЩʱգѾһɻС쭺ϵһ˿ڴѪ濴ȥᷢǴѪѾ԰ףͬήһ
̻ǻ꣬ڿռţǳҲãڿռҲûţڿռתһϼʵڶӦĺڶڶҪڿռ䶼ռݣ
ͬʱҶǣ͵űǰÿһ⣬֮Եƣӵ߲ܴ򿪱⣬ƶڱϣű档
һѭᡣ
ôһ϶ûҶϵ˶ΪϿ϶⣬Ҷϻһۣ˵λ춯ԽԽǲٵȥˣǱ뿴ʲô
Ҷ˵òҶ˵ð졣
ԣҶʲôǾʲô
ЩǳҶϵĻҶüͷǶ˵磬ʵȴЩ˲뵣Σʱ춴ҪǹĻ͵ñڹ
ȻˬɻѾ˵ȥˣˣҶҲֻ£˵һǿ俪š
ǡ
˷׷׳֣Ҷϱﻹ˵Ϊƾ۲ŴԣҪľеʶˣ֪һУ᲻ͷ
ţͷΪƾĶ춴Ӧ֪˲Ŷԣǣ·ȥټ˶ȴӰѵʲô𣿡
ʹһѾҪˡ
ҶϿѷ죬æʵűţôǿƳģǣС϶ֽţټͷŪ𶯣ԱҲĪӰ죬֮£ûзѶľͽűǿƳˡ
飡
飬ĿͶȥɾޱȵű⣬˶طƴŵĸоʱ˾еأıȥˣ
ϣˡ
ôһ
һһľȣҶϵĶҶͷˣȴǿԼ侲˵㣬Ͽ콫Ͼѣʵ׳ʲô£ȥһ£УһϺǸյĵӡ
Ҷ˵꣬æУӿĸоصеĳϣƬʱ֮ڣͽʵڶܵ۵ǿز˵С
ϡСؽСһһһһͬʱ֪ǿޣʵڶȻǷŭ۾Կ޺ܲˬܲԸʵڶȴѲˡ
ڣޱʵڶˡ
ؽСҲлصڿռղŵƴɱȻʱ̣ܶȴľǵ޺һһӾͱɵڿռǷ·ںͳϰκһƶüϵڵСҲ⵽ʵڶ˵СڿԴ𣿡
ûôңƻʵڶ
ƣʵڶӲȥˣȻصڿռ䡣СΪæ˵СǵҪæֵСȻҲȫʵڶ
ðɡ
Сųصڿռ䣬ûСǣƣ޵ķֱƻǿһȭһţʵڶ𵴣ټ޵ŭȸ
״϶ЩԼǲǴˣΪĴ̼֮£ȴһôҲûˣ·ޣֻƴһ
ڴˣûаеֻѪҺڣսϲս˵һ߽άסʵڶ˺ѣһ߳ǿʵڶ֮ͬʱϻڿռ͸
£ȻЧڿռԽԽˣеޣ͸δ


1940 Ź֣Ź֣
ȻԽԽٶȥޱڿռ䣬ǳ飬ǣ϶ľ棬ȴ⣬ûôʱĥ춴֮ǰ޸㶨
뵽ҲǸһ˿ɻ춯Ҳвٵʱˣ춴ûЩϣûȥ
ŷŭеޣ۾һת˵ŭһ£ŭ̫ЦЦΣ
£ʩչֵϲ֮
Ƿŭȴ鲻ԽعЦԽЦԽ񣬿ЦУԵظо޵ķЦУϷ
ʱϽֵġϲӵ˼£𱾾ǿСֱֶͣЦȫѪɽЦ
һޱܿͱڿռ
սڿռ䣬оŨʱʱסˣȻȫЦöֹ˼Ϣ޾ͿʼڿռȻ޶ڿռȤ
޲С󣬿ؽСЦšųȥֻȥҪؽǶĳƬ
Ͽڿ֪ˣˣ磬û̫⣬ֻ˵һٺ棬뿪˵
˵ţϾҪջʵڶȴ͵ػεǴ۹Ļѣһ㿴˸ףԲιĻ֮ԲΪʵڶ֮ʡ
ⶫҲܱ̣
ţĿ⾼Ҫ˵ģǿ϶Ǽٻǣַ춴˷۱ô죿
ܿ죬˾׼һ£ɣˡ
ĻʱɲóˣϽʵڶŵø󣬹ȻǹĻͻ˳ڶ
һʵڶ˹ĻʵڶڹĻϣȻʵڶŹĻȥ˵˵ڿռܹǳһ¡
תۼ䣬ʮϢʱȥ
ƽʱʮϢ㲻ʲôʮϢʱ䣬пܾĲҪǣʮϢʱڣ쿪ȥʵڶȴûнĻ꣬кһЩĻʵڶ
ټʮϢУó
ϴ⣬ǱܣȫʩΪͬʱڿռ޻ڳǻꡢ̻궼˶޵Χɱ֮УֻǣǷӵС
ؽնСѪŵ֣ȴʼ˼޸С˵գղǷս̫÷ӳӦеܣơ
ɱˣ˵ꡢˮȵ֮أ±ನɵԶɥӵˣСŮҲԺˡ
ֻʣСڣԭأ
㣬ǡСҲǿСڣСδкǲˬ̧ţСڲȥ
ؽæٴնϴΣ޲ܣֻѹɾʱСɢɫâֱţͬʱӳ䵽۾ʱ޻סҲɫס
Ȼ޷һֲİȴҪȥĽűɫâһ룬Ѫȫޣ޹˲ʹӴӣ͵˫ϥŵأСڵǰͷߵأдʣҲ֪˵Щʲô
˹򣬿Сϵľɫâûоʹʧڽתŵĺڶ棡
쳣ֻϢʱ֮ڣϿ־ҲǾޱȣ֪СȴҲûڻУͷһܶԸ˵¹
оȣʵڶûֹͣӣʱһϢһϢɿعϸԼµʮϢʱ䣬գ۾͵ҪɢȥʵڶϷʱ͵ظоڿռﴫһ֮һӾͽĻʵڶ
󣬡ࡱһԲһʵڶͨڿռ֮ⶫûϢôش档
ѭٶȾתԭ·أץסУȥϢڵص׼ͬʱ˳ȥ̽ʲô
ܿ죬͵Ҷһվĵصһɨڿ񱼵ĳϣȴȻֹסŲʵôˣ
йŹ֡
Ź֣
ŪôĶôûأ춴ٲãبžǿ߻ְɣǣرģΪ಻̫žΪ˵ʲô
⻹֡
У춴о𣿡
ܣ϶о
춴ڱչأܳ
Ҳܣ춴ƴɱ춴չزǺ𣿡
ԨļҪ֮Ū󶯾Ǹ᲻𣿡
ȻܣǸڡ˵˲񣬴ž˵˵춴
춴ڣЩǿҲڣȻ޷
һ춴Ϊ֮أ
ÿ𣿡
һʣ˵ǣҲһԣᣬܴͬʱﻹţڿռû쳣ҲʱûΣգ춴˵ܵһ֡
뵽ЩץסһԾǳͻأسҶǰʱѾ˹˽һ㶣ҶϷӦ죬ȵϣʲôȥˣ


1941 ϰ취
ѹҶȻҲ֪ϵ쳣ΪԣղҶ˵ĻȫʵԴˣֻǵһЦ˵һУǶġ
˵˵
˵ģҶǵȻţʼ磬̯˵Ҫǲأȥһ¶ʵġ
춴̫ⷬ̽ȷϵ˵֮ò˶ԥҶϻǼᶨػųϣͬʱ춴ҲֹţôˣΪʲôڻûֻҪǰһоˮʯˡ
ţ춴˵ðǾȥһʶ˵꣬춴ȥ֣춴춴Цô𣿡
£ΪʲôҪأֻһ顣
˵
ǽеĶ
˴󾪣һԴ棬ðʺţһΪʲô߿ųϣɻ֮ɫԽԽأҶȴֱӺʳϣƾʲô
ƾǶ
ֻҪǰ׳գ춴Ҷ˵Ȼˣһȥ˵Ҷüͷһ£
Ƕģֳ죬ôûأ
仰˵Ҷϵһ˵ĿϣǺͳһ֪ȥ˷ߣһͷ²˵ôأ
ǻƴɱѶȥˣʲôƴɱ
Ҷ粻˵ǶҲҪȥʸΪʲô˳棬ѾȷĴ𰸣ɾʱ͵վȵ㲻ϣ
仰һɢȫһƬţǽ¡ҴţûзﲻԾҶȷӦ͵㵽˭ΪʲôҪðϣǲǴģ
ҶΪԼȳٵϿ϶ţɫ䣬ӷ֮࣬ǣҶʧˣֻޱȵ򶨣вΪȻЦݣЦݺܴۡ
˵ǵϷˡ
˵꣬ϳּ֣ڳǧ˰̬еںޣеȴǿЦеµҪеȴŭ졭
Ҷһ˥ںţ㵽˭춴ʲô
·١
ЦŻһ䣬ʱռѭΡʩչٶȣȡǵĴָһ࣬ǬһָָȥѪ٣ҪôǡȭΪޡ
սոմ죬Ļһɾ󣬽ϻЩ㶵УⱼȥֱƽĶ;͵ͣ£˵Ҫȥڵң˵׼ʲôΣһЩǧ겻Ϲ֮࡭
˵ģ
Ȼģȥڣ˳ڴţҪǳʲô⣬Ҳ˸ʬ˵꣬Ͻ̻ǻ˳˵ǻ㲻ٰ
㲻ôģңҲҾУѾˣҲԼٳΪһģԼȥ
£ѾɾתȥٶȣͳѾõ·ȥڵӪУ˵ʵڻܡ
ȥϲ̽һܣһϣܽŪ֡켴ӰһٴγʱѾվڶ֮⡣
һ̤վڶ棬оЩһδһΪʲôһʱ֪
ϴһ鶴Ϊ濴ȻǺۣǱж죬Ȼǰȷʵ˳ϵϣ˵ʲô̻Իͣʮĸֽ֮ûУͨͨһӣһ񣬶ûС
棬տҲϴɨɾıеһƴ
Ŭõļ䣬ȷʵ˵󡱾ⶴǣϾͲ˽ˣģ棬϶ء
һ˸ϴȥǸطȺɽ֮УϻȻ˵пֻ⿪֮춴
϶С˵СһҪǿԼǲйŹ־ˡС˳Żͦӣ켴СϹâ˸
ӺСصⶴĿռ䣬ȷʵ⣬ϧڵܽ乥ƣ뵽档
СЩε˵æοСѾˣǲţ첻ƣ첻ƣҸʳȻȥúϢ

СʳȻ֮࣬ͷСصڿռϿŶѨ˼ռ䣬ռ䣬ռʲô
մһȭռ䲢ûʲô仯ΰ죿Լ˵²ⶼˣ춴ڣҶˣֲĶ֣ǣһ춴ⶴ˵ֻޣǸͦԲ״ĻʲôϵǾ׽ɷʴˡ
Ϣ䣬Ͼ;Ȼ·Ǿֻϰ취ˡ
ϵϰ취ڿռ
ʱ߳ʵڶԶΪģȥʵڶ˷ĩɳȴоʵڶ棬ȷʵ˶ⶫϿС硱
ǣܸоѾ㹻ˣ
ϣȴųӰ춴üͷһ塭


1942 ô
ϲµò۵Ķȷʵ춴֮ĳϵ٣Ϊޣпռ䱻ʵڶʱ춴͸оˡ
˭ô󵨣ҵ
춴һȦԺһ֡
ֻеֶΣܴ˶ء
춴Ŀ⣬ޱȱΪΪԼһ壬ǰܽԴڼΪҪĳץУȴϣϻûԼѷ˳ˡ
һ㣬һϣ
䵭̺ŵܣֱ޿ռ䶳ʵ壬춴Ϊ϶춴õǰȥи׳н֮ƣ
أ춴üͷɢ˿˵ϹȻǳҪˣȻǰȥ£׳н˻ȥ
һƫء
춴ԾɭȻЦ춴ĵףôó飿Ҫ˷۱ˣҪ˶أͻỽһֻ𾪵ޡ
͵أЦס춴ϻ᲻㵽Ҫ㵽ˣȻȥˣ¾ͻЩ
Ӽת춴⣬ȥǲܻȥģе׷ѣڣΨнɱѣΪʲôֲɱѣңһʹһǴڵĽǰ١
㹰͵ĴûᣬҲġɱȥ֮ǰҾ˳ֽЩ˸ĨɱȻųϵĵһãȻơ
Խ룬춴Խһ⣬Ϊãڣ˵ֵܹסĹ֮⣬û
춴ûаֵ飬ȷɱȥܿ춴ǿƴɱһڵӣ˿̣ڵռϷ磬춴һ̤ȥضڵ͵س𣬳ղʮף㡰顱һը춴ְӰҲûС
¡
˸Ͻ춴û˵꣬ʹˣ۸ʲôۣҪץסϡ
ǣ
춴Ʈȥɱڶӣ춴ɱ֮ڰеĴڵӽϢ˻ȥ춴⣬ȴûնɱˣţԽ࣬ʱھԽ飬ж
նɱʱ춴ŭŭ󾪣֮ʱҲûͣסϸƵĺԪ裬߿ţһԶ˳춴켴춴ǿȥ
Ԫ豬ըˣ춴죬Ȼһبžǿ߶ܽصˣ춴˵ǲһƤ
ǣ춴ɫڳΪŭ춴˿֮춴ǿߣԱˣͬھ춴ںԼµںŭԱ˲䣬ǸЦ
춴ܲˬָظݣᣬһɱһһǼϢ书ɱ֮һ춴˵ھǰ
ھŸˣǾ䣡
춴оȻʶ춴춴ǹѹǹΣȴþԥأ佫µɱУȫ˳ȥͬʱ߾ȫʩչƴһ
ǹǿѹ˾䲻Ǳܣ֮ʵһնȴնˡǧ㡱춴һ㶣Ϊ춴ŵһϤϢȻϢھϣȷʵǹϢ
ΪӵϢߵˣȻ򵥡
춴þ䳼춴ǣ춴ӴĿʱ˴˵ԭߵúԶϧҵĵˣԣֻȥȻһвȴҵ
춴һն£ǧȫನ䵽ϣѪˣͬʱҲоϮУ׷ѰĶ
ֻǣ춴ٴκ
ֵܣء
ȥҲҪǰ·ϣžѪ۳ĸֽںһ𣬼˳ǣûкɢܡ
ۿܾҪھϣмպУһӰ£ֻ˻ӣĨҳһ춴ܣʱ
ڣ˭ɱ飬ԽԽȥˣȻݶ֡
㣡
춴ȳ˾ţƶȫ෴ƶϣʲôĺ춴ȥǲŵغȵô㣿ô
ǵõϢҲǴ󾪣ûϵ춴ȻܵϽζȹѣпȥ춴ȻҲûиʾ
õϢһ̣ΪҲ뵽춴Ŀģ춴óѵĻȫ룻ٶȣѭϢպþ˾䡣
춴ûнץסŷٿ춴ʧ̬뵽صúúõģΪʲôأղ˵
ţʵҲӦ
Ӧܡ
ձĳһ֣춴;쵽ϽʣµĻȫ˻ȥ˾һ־͹ˣ˵Ӧ춴ΪʲôҪ춴أǲ춴ʲô⣿
ĳ֣춴ڼȲλ춴˵ڶ˵ҪҪص˭
ԣ춴Ҫѭ˵ȻˣǾǺúɣ
˿̣ڿռĺڶСǻδɢȥľɫâںһ


1943 ȴ
춴סʱڣܳȥ춴ŵ˭׳н֮ʱҲڲ²˭춴˼ɡ
һУ϶֪֪ľҪ⿴ţȴʵʵڴڵĶظŪڿռʱĥʱ֮࣬ѾڳϵĿ֮Удں档
Ϸ춴ͻȻһЩϹƴʵڶڿռĺڶСɢľɫâҲںϵüΪ
СȻ˯ȴƺ֪ҪɫâһҪȥľɫâָΪŨֻޣǾ̡
ӵӣʩչȥʵڶѾ춴ĺ򣬼ƻڿռĺڶɫڿٵرɾɫâҲȫΪɫâڶʱԲĸоٴȻ
ǰһεľףˣٶȰšءصڿռ䣬Ȼ󣬼ת񱼻ȥ˵ֱ¶֪ݵҶǣΣûüشϢȥԣ춴Уǵϡ
ܿ죬Ͼͻصϴĵϣ࣬һʣȴнϵ壬һ˳ȥ׼ɱڵӡ
ãҲ׼׼ôڵûزá
˵Ц⣬һ춴֮УȫԭΪһѪսսǣͷ֪һս֮󣬾ûٷʲôƴɱ
õģ࣬Ȼ֪ɽڿռ׻ʲôڣʣǺö㲻ǣϽҲܵõڿռơ
ⶼҪлл춴ĳȫҪ춴ڣǿɾͲôˡ
²£ȫˣҪ¶ȥڻصڣǺ谭ˣɾʱɳȥ̽Ϣ˵Ȼڸ춴
ˣ
˼ԥ춴ڣȻԽ뿪Խã춴ڲڣ춴֮ǰϵĻͻ˳ֽһ¡
һ˾춴ȻҾͿȵҾ˶ԹѾȥˣٻҲỵȥ
ϱڳʱ䣬ڿռ£һۣǿͷǿޣȻС֮ûпڿռȴҲûųԶڵ
ϵ˺ۣѾָһ룬óϲòٴθ̾ǿĻָһԵǻ꣬оվǰһֻСòСϣɸָоޣǰȴǹسԣģǻ겻һԺУͬʱǻСڣǳˣԽԽӽʵУɢźһģһĿ⡣
Ͽ˵𣿡
޲ȴǺݺݵص˳һۣ·ȥϸڵϱһ٣ϼ״Ц˼ޣ
ǳĬ
˼⣬޶ûлش𣬳ϱڿռʵɿСһۣûȥˣޱСڳԶˡ
˿̵СڣѾɢɫâóϸоСںһף϶ǸղСڰǸĻͶأķСڲ
ϽģڿռһѱʲôתңϻС󲼳ˡʱ󡱣СġʱǸݱȻܺ͡󡱡ȣҲóϽһʱʱá
ڿռʱľڻٵĴ£ٸ춴ǲǵ˫Ÿ·ǳһԲηٶȼ졣
ȺУԣȻ֪еĿģ۾ĿޱȣΪսȻ峤˲ϲţ»ǰ治֪ô㣬ܱ˿Уҵ˴ҵӦҲԽˡ
峤⣬ԵļΪҪ϶ԵսҲΪ֤û͵ŬԼǿȫˡ
ڵٶȣҪ˶ã͵صִ춴
ǰԮϢ춴֪ڸǾޱˣƴɱҲ·磬Դˣ֣ʵ࣬춴ȻӦô£һ˼²϶춴󷽷˺ܴ£Ӱ춴ķӡ
飬ȻôңҾͶлˡ
˵ţƸͣ춴Ļᣬµò춴ţΪϽء̽ڿռһ˲䣬춴ҲӦء롰ءϵʧˡ
춴ܹ¡ءĨϻӦˣ϶һˣرǶˡء޵ĹҪȡߡءҪһء
춴ŸӦõ춴ףˣءҲˣһˣʵֻϣ¡
ΪУ춴ܲţ˰Ҳûף˵˭춴ǳĳˣ춴߻ŵɱУţ᲻ǵİ֣
ԽԽֿܣ춴סȵɣ
ܱɵù㣿


1944 ˮѣıƻ
ʱ䣬תۼʧ춴ûȻȻ춴ҲͲ֪Ĺ࣬رϵһ
СõġʱУѾȹ죬ʱ䣬Ͻ춴رеõзȫ
ֻʣǹĻǶûļ룬ڿռַ˱仯ϢŨСڵ״̬Ϊת
һšءڣ˼ˣǣָʲôתΪΪڿռأܽ߶ڶΡ֮١Ӧòʲô⡣
ţԱ߲ԶĹ͵ض˶ף˹ȥŵģˮ꣬ˮϵĹâѸʧ¶ˮ
ˮ꣬ѾһĻڣǻѵһˣѪ⣬һͷڷƤוէһûȽţеƮݳζ
ϸоһǰĲ࣬ڿռΪˮѣȷʵǿ󣬳ЦΪڿռǿֻӳǵĳ˯ʱ䣬û뵽㵹Լ˹
ллȡ
ˮʲ֣ǳ˵ˮʲǳܹ۳Ѫ⣬ػ죬ȫǳϵĹͣ޳ϣҲɽ棬ǡţҲҵ绯Ϊޡ
䶼ָ˰ɣ
ˡ
ˮʲ˵ʱ۾¶ɱתۼţٴδһˮʲ˵ʵأָô
ǰ۷״̬ʱҪǿ
۷״̬ǹ֮ǿߡ
ǵġ
ˮʲ˵ͷüͷȴΪˮʲ˰죬ˮʲҲûΪɢΪϢԼûΪϢϾѾ϶ڿռԵʣٿˮʲϸӿ϶ˡ
ͬʱҲԻˡ
ڿռôȻɢΪϢʱˮʲʵˣʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷʸһߣתʵʲô㣿
𣬶ҵĶڴҡ
ˮʲܳϿҵ˵֮˵һϻáǰⷽأԲһгŵδģǣȴνԪҪ߳ˣ϶ܹߵøԶ
ûᣬˮʲȻ
ϵͷЦЦ˵ǲ׼ȥˮ峤
ǵģˮ־
㲻ȥˣһˡ
һ
ˮʲ壬ϱ㽫˵һ飬ˮʲŵôôزˮʲ벻˯̶̼ʱͷ˴ı仯춴ĴڣǶҪӵĴڣǰλˣȴǽ춴Ѹϴһգ֧Ԯ
˵ˮʲۻ˭˷¼ﶼΪ𾪣ˮʲ𾪵ʱ򣬻һЩɥȻѾߵøԶǣԼٶһЩź˵Ӹλǧɱѹ֮Ȩˮʲ
ˮʲúָʵ֮ȻΪϰ£ͬʱ֪Ķ߳ϣ̤֮İһ࣬Գϵ⣬һж϶ɡ
ǣļƻûеʵʩزˡ
춴Ҵ٣ںνĹ֮ǿߵˮʲǿɬȴҲ⼸ڴϣʲô飿
ˣȳ˵ɡ
Ͻˮʲڿռ˳ˮʲһٴסκЩʵˣҸղǴ
أ
ûлش𣬻£˵Ԯˣ˵̫ʱˣò֪ɣȱæȥʱˣٳɡ
˵ţȥٶͦ죬ҪһȺ춴ĺǿǱٵĿ꣬ԾУͿһȺ
һɨȥһۿģǻ٣ΪɢϢ̫ǿ̫ڲͬһֺȺ֮У벻עⶼС
λ峤ǹ֮Ϊβں󣬶Դ˹ݺʵλ峤ҪߣǺηʥԽԽĴҪˮˡ
ţƣΪ˵ĳֲڳϵĿǷΧ֮ڣԭΪֻһ˶ԸѾ㹻ˣǣóϵĲã©
۾һתСڿռ䣬⼸ڿռǿСҲָò࣬СˮʲȥǸصһá
صȻЩܹõģʱֻҪסǣҪ׽һˣңϻ뷨ڿռǿһԣϾϳԽ֮ǿߣ棻Ӵһ˽Ҳã˵ֻóЩ˼ɣûиΣյĸо
ĺö֣
ţ󿴵ԣǰ峤ǻһĨЦݣ켴һ絽ǰŻ˵λʵ̫ʱˣȺӣʵ̫ˣλ˾ͺãܽɱ
춴أ
ֻǾӸµؿ˳һۣȻǾóϻʸ˵ɫ䣬һһ֣˵춴е£˽Ҫʱ̣Ҫʱ䣬ǰλȥرȼֵķ


1945 ǲʶ
˵ٵɫ΢ôһ㣬峤ϵЦ⣬ҪŨһˣϾûм˲ϲģر춴رķڹؼʱ̣ܾġ
ϼ״˵һ롱֣̤ȥ·رصٿתıӰĿһ£ȴûȥҲ֮
λϣȻ²춴ĵ̣ټǰ£óѡķ
Ҫˮ峤ˮ־ͻ峤׳֪ǰǸ˾ǳϵĻֻôҲ᲻ˣϱǰţڿռ﹵ֻͨޣͨͬʱøڿռڣҪŪŵƣòţҲС
ڣѾ֮ǰǰ״ǣٸ̤ʱüͷһ壬ŵ쳣Ϣû˵ȴԶ֮ȥΪҵĿ⣬һº󣬲رȥ
رҲˮɨһۿ̫״еУȴǸŨˣʵôоûأ
ǰսˣս춴ʧһĴ󣬴ڵ˾һʲôܣֻƴɱ¾
һ˵ҪƴһŹ֡ôһپûټȥһ͵˲رС
ָǰ棬˵춴ֺű⣬涫ǲˣֺı䲻λԶ춴ĹͣҴȥ춴𱦿⡣
Ȼˡ
λ峤˵һۣϵĻϲ飬ƲסɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȷʵ춴Ƶ̫ˣҪȻ춴Ҳ᲻ñ˺񣬲ǣͦá
ţѾų߽صУϻѵλͣҪһ㣬صϲ˺ܶأЩʱڱ䣬һСľͻᴥأȻλˣȴҲȽ鷳
ôһ˵ǶעͬʱԳϵĽģøˣ٣˴һ·̣صмλãüͷؽֱΪʱʵ㵽Ҫȥδ
ȥȡ
𣿡
Ȼˡʮֿ϶˵ҲˣǾȡɡ
ȡ
ľ峤ʳʱٷӦ죬һץȥҪЮסϣȴ˲佫ؽ֣ն֮
ﭡһ죬˸ֲĻ٣϶һѪ˿ڣ˳ٲǵ˿ڶԻ㲻ʲô
ȻŭˣȻԾȴҲûлңΪ³ϣֵû뵽ϻỹ֣û뵽ܹ
㲻춴ˣ㵽˭
ٶԶֽĳ˵»м־ȣҪأټرĻܵˣҪһ㡣
׳λ峤ϾǱǵԴľһǰ֮ԱϺסΪǸûⷽ룬һΪ춴Ϊɱ˫ۣлڡ
˲ͽΧм䣬ɨһۣЦ˭ǲ֪ǲڵôվǰǷʶأ
ǡ
ϣ
׳㡢ˮ־ɫͳ˷ŭɱֹͣתаٱ䡱ָЦ½һ£ճϣӭλص
Сӣ̫ˡ
峤˵Ļעȫס濴һôһ˲ܶȹԴ٣ŴˣûпԽԽĶ۾һĨϵĿ⣬ҲЩ١
һˣù𣿾ȹԴ٣кУǿʹ֮ܡľ峤˵תͷˮ־˵ô˵

ˮ־䣬һЦľ峤˵˵Ļ֪Ҳһ˰ɣ켴Ͽˮ־˵ɣȲˡ
䣬ӰһˮʲڰΧȦУˮ־ˣ˰벽ʣָˣ֮ˮ־žòԾæ̤ǰ档
ˮʲһЦܾȣ
㲻ӦûţҲνһκˣΣó׵ףˮ־ţˮʲڶ̶̼֮ڣȫָҪĻֺαϢأ˵лں棬ˮʲôӵóȥ
⣬ҲҽҪ˵ģҪģǷҵģҲûˡˮʲ˵ֿ׳㣬أһ
Ϸ
׳ֱӣȳ켴ɱ϶Ҳ׳ӸԾڿУ׳ȥڹ֮ģǸ󷨡
˵ǰ͸˵أ󷨶࣬ƫţ¿ɺá
ʱٳˣ˵ȷʵصȴġҪȥ׳Ĺὣն˵Ķң
ͬʱСҲˣͷŶλ峤ԼǴˣ뵽ͬȼ𣬷ҫ
ȹԴ٣Ǹǻ
ǲǻиĽڵң
ţ϶˿δͣһʽǬԪնն


1946 ȷҪƴ
ǬԪն
ϳʩչʽ󺰳ԵľȣԳϵɱУҲһͣˣٶȴˡ
ﬡһ죬նʯ
Ȼնȥͦ󣬿ǳĴ̶ʩչܣձسնһѷ죬йڻϣһݣ񣬵жһѽϵĹƵס
ʶ
ЦأȻһСǬԪնζʲôһֱΪϱ̫󣬾ǴԵǸңҲΪ벻ܣڲŷ֣ΪƺЩˣܹʩչǬ似ģô˵ô򵥵ġ
㵽ʲôˣ
ҳһУ㲻֪𣿡
ҪնٵĽȴϣŲϳϣóϳһеĽǲʱܹؽһϸߵֻͣؽܳɳؽ֮꣬γɵĹ֮Уǽɣؽӭһ̥ǵı仯
볷Уûôף似Ȼʩչ似㻹Σ
ûбǬڡͷסģҪøɸɾ˵Ҳ似Ǭ似ôЩȻԼĶ̴˵ĳȣ
ϳǰļʽЦӣƴˣ

ҪóϳϵĶ̴ΪԼĳڳϣ˽ûǱȽ϶ģǰʷ֪ɴӳϵһ»֮ϣ֪ţóһ۾ǳϳɳ̫ˣȻԳ֮Ϊصһˣǣٿ϶ܳʲôϵӣ̫ι̣رǰ
ȻղУҲоϵй죬ϬȻƿڷ֮ϵܣΪǬ似Ĺ͡
ȷҪƴ
粻ţЦˣ֪ռʲôȻߵ죬ͽڽˣݽߵһ̣ʱ̡
ðɣȻҪƴҾԸҲõ
£ڿռڶɭȻͨؽŻٵʱɫ䣬룬ȫһνƴ߻𣬶ۺʹóȫʧʱһ£еһʮ˼似Ƕôظھǰǰ״
ǣµȻǳ
һôóϵȫݽߣҪȴȻ뵽̺ĿǱȷҪĶҵܵס𣿡
ٶԼʵΣһ°¶ŨŨ֮⣬˵Ҫ̣Ҿ̵̣˶٣Ҳǵọ́ӿײţҪϸܡ
һ׻ٴʲô⣬Уùüˣһ˵ĻٵĿĻ͵óˣڳǰһУȫѰ·
ЦŻһ䣬ллˡ
֮жʱӿڻûУһԣͲųǹŹֵƷ׻Ҫߡ
ϣҲü˼棬ǰĻ٣ʩչżõǵâɢϢƣֻʽһ
϶Ǳȷ߽׵ĶˣȷʵЩܣǵâ͸ڿռҪȻĴۻ治һĴ󣻾Уһ򣬾ǿԽ˹֮ż
ӿ֮ĥ̽ڿռһһȫ͸ͷ˴ϣĪź
˼Ϊ죬ΪأΪȻ룬⣬ǵǱʣ˵ǹ򣬱Ƿ򣬱ǡ
ʲô
üͷټ״뵽һȥˣΪﵽܳܵٽ㣬ʮ㣬ӿøӿʱڿռûɫâĺڶҡڶ汻ײ٣ܴ϶С
̶ֳֻȵĹڳϵĿ֮Уǣûпȥƣ乥ΪϸоٵĹԽͣͻ͸
ϣһεĻۣܴﵽʱ䣡
ƴ֮ʱСó֮еһЩˣЩǱ𹥻òȥѹ𣬿ԼͬʱڸָУ󷨹
׳ȼλ峤ܿסǴЩӣͿסˣеѾ跢֮£ɱ
׳ǲ֪֪ʱҲΪǰżǻܱȽ׵ǿƳСõ֮ڿռ£ڳռ󷨵£СѾ֮ǿټص׳ǿƳЧ΢
棬ܵ˺Сģˣûܵ𹥻һ࣬෴Ŵǿʵߵģȴˮ峤ˮ־
ˮ־Ϊˮʲջָãʵ϶ôȴϣһ־ȫˮʲѹˮ־ķˮʲǰʲôãˮ־ʧɫˮʲ㱳ҵʱ뵽ôһ죿
Ϸ򲻺ڣϷڵǵûɱ㣡
ʲôô


1947 ˵ãҲģ
ˮʲĻˮ־Ӷһ£̶Ц֪
Ȩƣʵ
˵Ϊأ
ˮ־һԣˮʲ׻ڵԺеһУȫһٻӰصšΡ֣ʱˮ־綾߳³Ѫʩչطһˮʲĵ
ΣյϢѾȫˮʲˣˮʲȴûиоƵģȻˮ־˵Ǿ仰棬ˮ־Ѿ¶ϲ֮ɫǿﱻ٣Ҳֻ·һ
һ˲䣬ˮʲʵʵһ³һѪӵˮ־һƵóѣȴûжٻϲɫӳˣΪղһûиˮʲˣһѪɫ԰˲ٶѡ
ҾͲɱ㡣
ˮ־ţٴɱȥʱˮʲһ̾Ϣʵôˣ
ˡ
ܣ
ûʲôܵģ㲻ϲǾ͹Թȥ
ˮ־˵仰ʱѾֽһػˮʲȴȻûкƣķܺˮʲʱȭͷ޻ϣ䲻޻˵޻жȥһ󲿷ʣµһЩȻˮʲ첻ʲôشв
ɱ𣿡
ղŻΪƽˮʲ˲䱩ŭħһץȥ֮ˮ£ֱˮ־Ϯܣ켴ˮ־ڵء
ˮ־Ѫ飬ȴ׺ݵ˵ɱģֺ磿˭ô㣿Ϊô࣬Ӷ㶼ˣҪȥ㣬Ǹҵòģ˭Ҳõ
йһ£ˮ־Ц˵ˣ磬֪ô𣿹ЦøţˮʲһּȲõԤУˮ־˵֮ǰҵõ磬֪ҵõε˼ʲôζƮƮɣˬ
ȥɣ
ˮʲ˲䷢˷裬ˮóˮʲȴޣߵϲ£ֻֽˮ־ץסֱҪˮ־˺ѳɼ顣
㷢ŭˣҲзŭʱ򣬴磬һΪһֱƵأ㷢ˬ磬㲻˵ͬͬͬҪͬͬͬǾһȥɣ
ˮ־ţ֪ƾʵѾɱˮʲˮʲ侲ԱҲлᣬԣ˵ЩˮʲŭԱ֮ơ
䣡
ˮʲˮ־˺һ˲䣬ˮ־ҲԱˣ˵ˮʲ˳ڿռĴˮʲ޷£ˮʲǾҵĺըƷˣء
صĻϵˣˮʲšΡ֮˻һˮʲ쳣״Ҳڳϵ֮⣬ռƻˮʲˮ־ĶԹ֮Ҫȥնɱ峤ˮʲ˿Ѿͬһʬ⣬ﻹȥնɱˡ
ߣһҪеĸо˿̵ĻҲѾоǳԾˣǱ֮ȴôʱȥڵȻʧȥ룬ϻûзӦüͷš
һζϣԺһԥƴסҪջΪղһۣû˳ϵ˼ƣ˼ʲôȻԲʲôˡܲסʹ֮ơ
ٵ쳣ٶϵһʱ͸оˣ˵ջ𣿳ˣһ֮󣬳סڿռĺڶҽؽŻٵĳתתһʵڶ
ʱҪǿס罭Ӿ̣ؽϵڣٺȵõʲôаطſ
˵žͷţ˭
ǡ
ٱܷӦҪƣԴϣ뵽ϵգ뵽ʩչǬ似˻ȥתȵɱң
Ϊʲôɱã
ɱңͻиǿɱ㣬ңѣ
ðҾ͵Ŵأ
˵ģ
˵ãҲģ
ѾڳﱸŵڶΡ֮١ĳϣﻹʲôѣȻ˵ŻҪעǷڱȷƷ׸ߵĶ档
ںܣΪԳ̣˭ϵҵġĸʹԸղų˵ĻٵһӦǳ̫ˣɿ˵ô棬ԼҪˣҪȻݽߵǣͻήٵϡ
ģǺεΪܽҵֻ˵ڵҪ߽ףǣʲôҶ֪˲ţעнϣɵһȣ
еĲ֮׵ı˵ףҲǳԽűĴڣ⻹Ϊ˻ٴ˳ģǣˡ
ıԱܹȻƴ󣬾ǽʵڶѿһӣô֮ȻҲܵӰ죬ѪֹֺҲͣȿ񱼡
ٲòӣѾӽڿݽߣıֻ٣սǼͳƴɱֿ϶ܱߣ뿪˵أͼı
û׷ȥվԭŰʵڶѣϣȫһƬ˼֮ɫеĻ٣عͷ뿴һ۳زء
ϴסٱܵһ£뵽ǲ˶ˣһɷɱĳ嶯뵽֮ǰƣһݣתȥ
ڻתһɲǣ³֡


1948 
˼Ϊ죬ΪأΪȻ
룬⣬ǵǱʣ
˵ǹ򣬱Ƿ򣬱ǡ
һͷû³֣ǡ򡱣ǵâԢŵУǡ򡱣
򡱶֣ӿһĳϻඥĸоһ֮Уɢܣͬ괺ûûкҹ֣ǰһУôˡ
ϵѪڷű仯ڷű仯ڿռǺͬ츲һСڽתۼѳʮ׳ͦδɽ˾룬ǧɽǵ⣬Ҷظӽʵӿ㣬Ȫˮֱ죬ռߣԳס
ϣȻ¡ǳǳȴ˲٣
ܼǸǿϸоѴﵽԲһǧ׵ڿռ䣬ÿһθо˲٣ͺñ磬䡢
ֻδԲ
ڿռǰµһʱ뵽һμ᲻ڶ֮٣һ뵽⣬ѶϢССʱע⣬쳣ٶ뿪
֪֮١ǺεȵǿͬʱҲڻ׼ţһϧ˺ðΣڿռѾֹͣ仯ˣһʱ䶨Ҳûн١
ǲЩ֮٣Ҳһ׵£
ţûаɥ˵û֮٣Ѿо֮١ԽԽˣңԳ˵ʱ˿֮̾٣һǼ飬Ļۻ㹻غ˵֮١һԴݿ֮ƣֱӾͽˡ
ԣƳһЩϾ׼иĻۣܸõӦԡ֮١֮١ûн٣עٴλص֮ϡ
ȷʵˣҲãҲգ֮¡ϿʹŷɱԶȥĻ٣˵ǸˣǧΪһҪһ֪ʲôʱܳ͸أ
򣬱ֻһ֮ƫƫ粻ȥǾ仰ʱıııըһֻ֣ժȥһ㱡ɴóϵлۣȫһˮɰ㣬ǸߣץסС
Ҫǻ֪ıû˳ϣóϽڿռ䣬ʵһ¥ֻ»Ѫɡ
ϣ´βҪײңΪѾҵĶ֡
ŵ˵Ҳ̺򣬲̫ǿŷܵϢȻϢ൱΢û⡰򡱵ʱҲûио
Ȼֻһ㣬ǣһĲʹȥǻپһзǳǳֲࣻʩչġܣԱȻٵǿҲǳôŵԵ֮һ
иԵɣǳ򣬲Ǳ˵򣬶Լ
ڳϸո򡱣ܴﵽ˵زʣڿռĪͣڿռǱ߽׵Ĵڣֻڿռ䲢ƣȫӳӦеܣΪһ㣬֮ǰƿٵܲŻǰ谭
ֻ֮ʲôӦʲôΪһ䣬뵽ҽ֮Ϊôƺģţ·أ
Щ𰸣Ҫȥ֪ˣЩ峤һ࣬϶򡱶û˵ʵٴó϶ԴһУġ
ģɲǳϣСڡСŮԵı仯ϿСŮǰ͵ӣһָоСŮƺҲԶˡ
һأҶὫ㱣ãֻԹȥ
ٿͷҲб仯˶СŨŨη֮⣬ԳϵڿռȤˣϲ֮ɫ̰⣬֪Ҫշޣֵ
ͻأꡱһ죬𣬳æȥȴŹĻƿˣƿ˲䣬вٶ˳Ļȴʧˡ
ϻΪĻҲڿռ䣻һΣȴоǹĻڣֻһַʽڿռڽ֮Ŀռ
ûȳϼ˼ȥֱǱĶЩɢŻǿϢķûһϢȴóϾȵĹͷ
ͷһ˲䣬Ͼԯ֮ǣͷ࣬ȳǰռĻҪ࣬˵춴ռԯ֮ʲôԯ֮ǶҪΪʲôأ
ϻɻʱЩͷҲԶڿռ䣬ڽϵĹͷʮϢ󣬹ͷϣüͷЩͷûиǢ֮УЩһ
˿̣ͷ­֮⣬λģ඼ԯ֮Ǹˣоüĵֻ۵Ĳָ֮Уʵӣʹʵ½ǡ
һûеظͷĵĪҪԯ֮𣿡£ϽڿռӿȫЩͷ
Ȼãӣָ֮Уʧ˲٣ϱ߼ӽ뵽ҵģԯģϵԯ֮ʲôķʽڣǸŵš
ͷһʱɾϱͷͬʱȽ׳ʰȻȥڣ춴Ͼһв
ʱڿռһ


1949 
ưػصڿռ
ϵʱסſЦݣ˵һڿռ￴ȥֱӿĵطȻһҡװβ
Ũֱ۵Ľɫ֮⣬һɫ͹ɫ⣬껹צˮʲǰѪ֮УȴҲȫΪʵ壬رֻǣϴŵϢвֻǣɱȸղǸ˵ķǿˡ
ɢһʥַϢǶһ߷緶Ͽ˵Ǵ˵֮е֮
˵ŵͬʱϻоѣıǿڿռЩ仯ı仯ˣ飬񷴲
ǿ͵ظо˳ϵĴڣһ飬Ҫȥģˡ켴뵽ԼϵӲɳ嶯סȡ֮Ҫĳ嶯˳嶯ӿȫ֮£ȫǰ־
һ룬Ȼ飬ⲽȻߵϷʮϵԳ˵С֮࣬Ĥݣ

һףϹЦݡ
Ц𣿿Ŵξȹޣжķϣ޲Ϊ㣬ֻҪ޹ݼɣ
ûóصĴ㣬һأӴ˽ϺȥûмǳȻʱϷˣ˵˵أ
޾ʹڵأֱϸҹ
һԣ
ӣﲻɻһ£Ĵɲ٣Ľǳϵĵ뱯֮أԥʱڵٴӿһ£Ⱥֹһ䣬޾Ͳÿζ
ͬʱﻹ˵һ仰ײĲ䣬޿ھ
һ仰ײǽͷײǽҲͷΪһǽײƣ֪ܲײأ
ϵ٩˵Ϊ˽צ䣬ǹâҫӿУٱԼȫϡ
һ𣿡
㹻¹ˣţٴ߶Ҫ޵ļ仹ڣȻܹʹ׸͵ĴСʱǶ˳ϡ
ΪУȫһ㲻ܽ϶ɣҲܹóϺ˸ʮٲģǣڵȴȫ෴ֻоԼǱץסȻҲǰˡ
ĳˣʹʹ֪ʲô𣿡
ţпʼģʶԼһǳľûʲô˵ģǱѣ
仰ץסǣˤɳһӴӣ˦Уźݺݵ£һˤֱԼոɵʵ֮ű֮С
Ͻٴ˦ʱˣ֪ˣˣԭҰɡǽһϡ
˵㲻ҪҸ𣿻ҹ
ҡǶ˵ģҪ˹ҹл֮
ҲҶ̫ˣһͼҪңԺһؼ䣬ʵ㲻ǻҪɱ𣿡
˵һˤ£һأֱӽˤýˣΪظоˤصһ˲䣬ǰˤÿտҲ
ˡ
ܸȻܸǿҲޱ
ˣĴˣҲᱳˣһؼ֮Ҳ˵ʵͣҡоģŴң˲ӵľʹӣ̬ߵ˵Ȫӿ
һԣСǰޣӲɶһ£ĪоˣͻˣΪʱҲڽڿռŨ
Ī˵ûио죬ǸоҲܾΪ˵ջʵ̫ˣ;ܾˣô죬ţնôصˣ಻ƵƤѡ
ɨһۣ޵壬һͱڿռȫϮˣϻع˵ͣѾû͵ʸˣ
ҪˣһΪܶµġ
ʱСѶϢ֪ˮʲ죬üͷ΢壬һ֣ڿռ˷оǹֻˣ˵滹мС㣬ȥǴˣᣬԶеģҪõʲô͵øʲô
˵󣬲˵˻ᣬֱӽӳڿռ䣬ӵСµ󷨿ռ켴Ҳ̤˽ȥҵˮʲʵʲô£
ΣΣҺ㣬񼫡
ˮʲľż߶仰ޱȱˣ˫۾ûһ˿Сͨ˽⵽ˮʲˮ־֣֮Ҳ߿˵Ϊα𣿡
˳أˮ־ҲεҲθ
ΰģңȷر˳𣿡
ϼˮʲһ𣬶ϣ仯˵˵˼ǡ
ҵ˼ǣĳ˲ˮ־ѵѵˣ
ôԣˮʲĿ⣬Ȼâ


1950 һϣϷ
ѵˣҵˣֻˣΪ˳𣡡
仰³ˮʲʼգɲǼӿ㣬ŭХֻˮʲɢϢ˱ޡ
ϼ״ü˵ˮ־˵Ļ𣿡
ˮʲٴס
ϼ˵ֻҪûۿûȷϣεûһδ֪һ˵ˣ㶼ܸΪʲôֲأ
ÿһ仰ÿһ֣ˮʲĵ紺أˮʲ۾︡ϲ֮ɫͣ˵˵òûβģһȻһᡭ
ˮʲͣ߶ϰοʯΪղ˵һУˮʲ벻ֻšΡˣ˷ִ磬
ˮʲͷϵǸ˵ˣȥˡ
ˣǸҲˣȥˣȵһԼ˵ں棬жս
ǣˡ
ˮʲǰ㹧⹧һϡ
ߣͨС󷨵龰˸Ȼǿ׳峤Ķ֣󣬳ϿԣȫҲѪǴʵѪٿһ峤ڷƴɱԵ⼸ֵܣȴŪ÷˿ʧǡ
龰һƣæСԵӣԵֵܣȫŪһٸǼһѻԵֵܾ㶼峤ɱȥ
˻ǿߣСӦڵľ棬ǵӦ֣ϢմȥϢʱ䣬Сͽɣ峤׷ɱǱԼĶӣ²٣˵ǼӻЪϢһ¡
˵꣬峤ϯضͳһöҩȻоԾ̧ͷһֻѡļ̳ˣȻѪ˫ۣɱ˹
ʱ峤ûȥǹ⻹ǱƵģţʲô췴СӰǵƤ
峤֮ʱѾԼɱȥûʲôʳӡ뷨ģʲô˭ĵˡ
峤ʵɱĶӣ練ƣ¾Ҳȷʵ峤ǱսѾҪϣɾʱͻת峤˸գĶȴǵ󣬽гӣȻ˲Уһ˺峤Σ˼֡
ÿÿ峤Ҫʱ󷨾ͻ仯Ŵ峤ķ֮£ٵţʵΪӦ֮£峤ƣѵ᧿Σ֮
ǡʱѪԳ˹һȣϴ壬ʲôǵĸ״ˣ˵ţͳ˹
˵ϴҪС壬Ͳǰֵģ˭ʵ峤ָΪһ̳ˣϴ󣬶˿̵ԣ϶
ϴص״ˣһ쵽Ůˡ֮⣬ʲôȥˣ϶һ֣նɱԺΣ
ͽô˵Ǹ״˸ûи״ˣֺǵڣҪɱ״ˣҴӦӦ
켴ͦȥ峤۷Ź⣬˵ԣɱǣԺΨһ峤һ㷴ӦûУһնȥȴ˺峤һĴն˸գͬʱϴֳŽбɱԺСģ
УӰһ峤ߣһϬش̴Եţûܵ峤һתͷԣպǵ˿罦ѪѪȾ峤ս棬ʯĳ峤ѪôһۣôһĶݣ˵ãԣ˵㻰
Ҿ㣬Ϊ峤֮λֻΪҵңң
˵ֹ˳ȥ峤Щʧʱϴɱȥɣ峤ȥһȴûг֮ǰҿյ״սʵʵ˽ϣȻ峤ˣɹ֮ΪǱǿˣһֱ顣
峤һ㶣켴һս£ϴֱӱҳ峤ս˵Ϊʲôܹˣ
Ͻأ峤ȥȻһҿˣ峤ԣֻҲնգһ峤һ£뵽˸ղսѪʱʣѵѪԭ򣿡
峤æԣ³һѪû˿ԥհ죬峤ѪȾսϣȻǱߣҲѧһն壬ȴûҪԼ״ɱˡ

û˵꣬峤Ѿȡ峤˵ԣĵˣһҪݣǧĴ
ǡ
˵û𣿡
峤˵˵ȴ˲ٵİοŸղŵ龰ԽԽ⣬˵ˣҶĵˣ飡
˵꣬ǰ̽·һΣȴļʽ
ߵϷĻǱߣҲ׳λ峤ɱˣֻһϼ״˵ǿˡ
£С󷨣صڿռʱ뿪ͬʱصǰ·һԸʹ˳
峤üͷ֪ʲô£˵ԣ뿪
һ¡



1951 Ϊ
ʲô
ղǶУһʱƲΪʲôͻأǲʲô
춴ĵ̣ʲôǾ֮ء
ѡ
˵峤ʲôصǲر⣬ȫУΪޣԼ˵˲ˣ˵һǲǻɵģǴսصصѡ
Ӧ
峤˵žҪߣڵʵֻʮ֮ҪʲôˣɾҪˣɾʱ˵峤

峤˳Եָָ򿴹ȥÿ׳ǱشƬ峤æҪȥȴһѽץס峤ʵץʲôȥ峤ȹһˣһ
㿴ӣ۾Уﻹ˵
˵ʲô
峤˶۾һݹ⣬ҲûмŹȥҪԻ˵һЩʲô˵Ϊʱˡ
Ϊ𣿡
峤ˮ峤ľ峤峤ȫһʲô
Ⱥףֱ
ǣô֮һɨ壬֮ϡ
峤ĿҲһ£켴ɫ˵˼ƹҲݣǣô˽
˴˿Ӧƴɱɣô֪˵֪˴˴Ҫû潻ǻ˲ҲҪ𣿡
治һԸ⿴Ϊľ档
Ҫȫ˵ĻαƼȥˣ֮⣬ˣʱһᾡȫ˸ùϵΪ֯һϣԵӦò̫󡣡
˵ⷬ峤ȷʵЩĶԥһжڻûгɹĻϣһ˳Ļô죿
ԣҪһѣ
ģģ
峤ҡڣԼ˵һǺδ춴һǺ򣡳ϸҴҡڵûмֶΣôõΪ춴˭
Ȼ졭
Цˣ峤Ҳ˵ǾͶһѣ䣬ٶȼس˳ȥ׳㣬Ц峤ܵ𣿻˻Ǳߵǡ
ʵ仰©ٳ;ãʱ峤õһˡѾİ׳һʱеУʹ̴׳ĵ
׳һ˫ۿԣ˵һ̵ģΪҪǱڹ˵꣬Խ׳˫۸ϡ
峤Ҳˣһͽľ峤Ҳ·ֻʣˮ峤˰Ҳûˮ־Ӱ峤Щǣ˵ˮ峤᲻Ѿˣ
пܣҪһȣԷһ

˴ӣ˵ӦˣĲ£ȡˮ֮أˮ־ƣ峤һǸҴ˵رͲȫ뿪Ϊ
ǺǱ٣ٶ뿪춴ٴ˿һδƣ֪ߵ׷ʲôֻôε񣬡ϲôɱģôأҲ֪Щôˣ᲻ȫû
һߣϴˮʲǱȥ춴죬ѾԽԽ֪춴ƶļƻڵٹŴ򹷣ڣģǹһȺһȺ͵ϻ춴ӸͽŹزϣֻĶӣȴʤ׷
رǴڽӦ֮󣬹ˣԴγϵټ˿ֽ̣˴ͨδ֮ڵĸ֮أȻԶ
춴ǱߣżȲôҲѹƲȥ鿴۵Ц˵ôڴƴɱ
кβģ
ֻǴҪĳϣѾǸץˡ
һܣѾ˴ڣǣڱɱ춴ĵ̣Ѿûһ춴ӣеֻҴڵˣ
ܣ
춴ȻѾ޵۳ϴӲҵġ
Ҫǳȡ춴أ
һԣ춴ؽס˲両˼ץסᣬһֻӳֱǧ֣ҫڿգÿһֶͬ
֮䣬ǧֻһ𣬻һֱ춴ײȥѵ춴ǰ춴ŷӦæ൲ȴǳˡ
춴βסţը춴ѪƼ춴ȴھѪʩչطѭȥ
׷׷֮ϣʵǿƴɱһҪӵĻҪ£նɱĻȷʵѡ
Ȼˣֻܵˣ⣬ҪʮָܻˡΧѰһתڱȥղŲſں˵õϴϢⷽʽġ
ϣǮڡѾ𷴹ΪȥŭǱ衢䡢ս߲סطѭȥ춴춴ϻء


1952 Ҫĵ
춴ԭǸ۵Ķλãվһˣ˵·ãɫΪ԰ףѪһ飬һ飬ûн̣Ѫ
ˣ춴ܶ飡
еˣʹ鶼ûио˿еģֻǷŭ޾ķŭޱȵ춴ѾһƬ档
ûˣѿˣˣصˡ
춴춴ôܱӣʧһ㣬ţ˭˭춴ģϣǳϣϲֻ޵Ķ֣һھͽҧˣ϶ˣ
һй춴ЩƬѷ죬ЩڳЦŭ֮£춴ۡһ³Ѫ˭ҶҪҳҳ⽴

Ǽȥ߱ţҲ춴ҵϣܣһҪɽ˴ڣɱ˳ϡ
ԽԽԶӰʧ
ڣ䡢ս˻һ𣬳ż򣬶Ծ䡢С˵Ϊңһ·ôҶܿˡ
Цлһ·ˣȻһô
սͷͣϴٹһӣ㹻ʱ䣬ҾΪʵսˡ
Ũ磬ҵʵܲ
һ£תԱߵĵ˵ţ֪ܲܰǼæ
뽲˵ǼٸǧֻҪģڻ¡
˿̵ĵƽʱ˲٣üƸʧ˲٣ΪѾ֪ȷʵҪҵˣԣԳϲ
˵֪ڣһ˵֪
ң
׽һ·ϵ飬ǮҲ֮ĶԹǱȽȻƴ󣬵˵ĵûԥʱ䣬صӣͻɳֻ֣Ҫһͦʱ䣬Ͼңͬһ
Ͽ裬˵磬Ǿͳʱ䣬ʵøǿŸϣʱ䳣նһ
ڳľϻǱȽ⣬ǳڵʵΪܹƴһƴҲҲûа취ֱɱҵĻࡣ
תͷʵţܲϡϸյڣͺϼ棬ϻרΪ㣬ҲϵϢѾˡ
һüͷ˵ҿʾһϣ
ϴӦһᾡӳϵϵ˵۾һæʵģ
Ҿ
󣬳˵ҪܶǳԴʯռ٣ҶҪ˵ţһǳԴʯһǳԴʯͰĿƿǮ˵Ǯڣ¾ͽˡ
ţ˵и󣬲֪ܷһӡ
û⣬û⣡
ԵԥĻش𣬴һ˵ĿϿûлͷ˽ģһԽԽ˵ڵĽѺܴ󣻶Ҫڱס뱣סѡǰ϶ҲǺԥѡסڣΪˣǶ᲻ֶΡ
ϽЩֵúʵ֪ҪЩʲô
ʱãӸպÿԺλӣô˻һ⣬ڻһ¥ҪпգҲ¥¥Ҫһʵ
Ǵ󷽣Ħ϶ƴƴҪľΪ˽¥ڰ˲㣬񣬵ȴ׵˳ֻΪһڵĴǼֱ΢
ϽĸأˬӦҪ֣Ҳڶȹ֮󣬻ǽ֮ʱ벻ھ֡
Ǯȥ׼Ҳȥѯϣϲת˵ĵҩ׼𣿡
׼ˡ
ҾȰѵˡ
ллӣ࡭
ϺǼϴĻ·ȥרŵң䡢ˮʲҲںҲǰõģϾڲǵĵ̡
ڳϰƵҩ֮ʱվףϣϣϴӣǵǹƥ춴𣿡
һ䣬Ҫĵˣ
ϣʲô˼
ΪֹôԪȷǵľȽ֮⣬ģʲô㲻⻹վǰ׳ѵ¡
ôܣ
Ϊһ벷֮µˣΡйڳϵ˹켣˵仰ʱӼתͻ˵Ǯ˵һиϵ˸ڳߣĲ֮Ҳͦǿ
ϣգ
üͷˣһ£ʲôҲû뵽һԣԵ˵˵£㲻ùܣʱԼȥˣٶȱ֤٣ֻһʱ䣬ʵǿһ㣬ڴϣҪһ㡣
ǡ
ȥɣס˵Ļ

ȥʱأԴҲû뵽ϻʲôƳѣͬʱϣϵ״һ첻һˣȻ춴ˣ黹ûңкܶ˫۾ڴŴڵע⣬رЩ֪һѵ
ڣġ
һһ


1953 ¥
ٿյǱٿյ
ŵҩǹӼκﶼݵģܹӵڿռˡ˰죬ϲŻعæԳ˵ллӣӵĴ£ԶԶǣ
ˣ黰ǾͲ˵ˣʵʵģѲŵĲϣѼһ¡
ӷģһٶռá
Ǿ鷳ˡ
˵꣬ȥľǴš֮࣬СͿڡɽءһ󣬵ʱɽءʲôµĻٶȸϻȥ
ϻһǣǾǴͨ⡣
ȰѴ㶨ʱٽͨԾ˵Ҿȥ¥ȥ󣿡
ȥ¥ɣ˵ʵķ
˵ϣʱԼøǿһսʶ˺ܶණϵͷ˵أ
ȥ¥ʲô̼ɣ
Ц˵ָϻصǿ˵һ
Ҫ̼Ҳֻˣǵ¥УƵϢ
ΪȻصͷϾǴõĴʱִſϧ˵Ҫܽ춴鼮һȫŪ͸ˡ
Ҳлᡣ
˵仰ʱ뵽ȴڿռġءǮȺţһǮھͽռ֮ȫ˳ϣ켴ų¥ȥ
һ·ϣǮڵ˵϶Ե¥Ҳһŵ˽⣬¥ʮ㣬ŵĴ󲿷ֶ似ط֮࣬ԽؼƷԽߣǮҲ˵ֻǮҲûмΪǮֻϵڰ˲㡣
ǣǵڰ˲ĶǮǳˡ
¥ĵһ㣬һϣʵԽߣܵԽߵ¥㣬ζ棬ԺʽڣǮȴ֪
⣬˿Լʵ֮⣬Żһܹⷽ˸һ¥ǣĴ۲СֻЩԭеĻϣһ㣻Ħ϶࣬Ǿֻ߲㣡
ʱǾ͵˵¥ӱϿȥ¥Ľ㲻ϸûʣ䣬ǹٲȻϿȥĸоǿ˹µĳ֮С
¥ǳ徲տûжڣ¥漸㣬ǸϼһĦģΪ춴ƴɱ֮ʱҲ˲ͣ¥һ͡
ƴɱԴʤգȻһԣ˽ⷬ棬ҲˣȻǲ֪춴ƴɱΪڻϣҲ֪ϽǴڼĽѵľȽˣܹ춴Ǳɱһ붼䲻
ˣһ߽ȥûʲô֮Ŀ⣬óһֱͨڶ㣬ϼ״Ц˵ллҺˣ濴һ
󣬳϶Ծ˵Ҹ裬֮ϡ
á
䡢ս񡢳趼ȥˣֻʣлһ㣬һ㣬ȻҹƵϾпǽ⿪Ķ
Цһ£ȺӶ鼮ʼһĴڵӶоܹ죬ǶΪϿ϶ֱϲ㣬Բÿôһȴ룬Ĵ˵һ㣬ͨ鼮
¼Ȼ˲ۣ˵òȥɣ
ܣӿǴ춴Ǳɱġ
˵и˻أ
ʣҪȥû뿪ǮڣĿһɨȫЩȻ˶һЦ֮
Щ鼮˵ȷʵǺͨǣԳȻҲôãɵ·ȴĸԲ඼Լ˵ȴ鵤ҩңϻؼǵãľçɽҲǴ·
Ǳߣ䡢սǶ谭ͨ˵ڶ㡢㡢Ĳ㣬һ㣬ͳͣʼѰҪģսȴǿҲЩֱ߲㣬רΪ϶սڵ߲ϴȴ֮ǰô˳ˣŴˣսŨս⡣
һ˵ľٶûи𰸣ԼһңǿԸʵ춴ɾҪһ㣻ԼˣҲһˣڵĽѣɳð
ǣϴڵһΪõЩס
ʱ˿̣ٶȶÿһ£ÿһͼһ飬õĶһ£ûõľȴţʱʱ䣬Ͻһ鷭˸飬켴ڶȥ˼״Щɵ۶û̵סѿ˵飬Ǵǵİɣ
ȥ֪𣿡
£˸ںһ˵ڶ¥ϣ׹ģɾʱͣס˽ŲȥļͷһţתһЦУ˵Ŵھű飬Ŵʮ桭
һʮ˱λãһ£ŵעһ¡
˲֪˵ָʲôе˵ͷһߣԸɼȥʮ˱鶼һ£Ҫ¶˺ۼ
˵Ǿ仰
¥ֱ̧̤ڶ㣬ڵڶ󣬳˻üͷ塭


1954 
˶¥̨ףֱôһĴڵЩǲǵвˬˣҪǷ쭡
Ҫȥֻüͷٴڶ¥̤ȥ̤ȥ£ˣֱжʮΣǮڶóЩˡ
Ǯǰʵӣʲô𣿡
˵ϣʵ͵Ĺȥ
ǵģͨڶϣôҲסӡǮЦŽͣһ£ʵǲܲסӦϵĴڣ𣿡
Ǯͫ͵طŴ˳⻰Ǳ̨ʣȷʵ˵ʵǿҲоϣǮӿΣô˵˵ûио𣿡
ǳӲȥͨϡ
á
ϵȥļƻһһ㽫¥Ķȡһɾͻ״ı˼ƻ쳣Ϊ˲ٵĸȥԭȥĴڵӣҲˣ뿴һʲô
һߣԭӵгĵ¥һ㣬ʱտֻ޼˴棬бУпųϵıӰУߵһЩ
ܿ죬ϵ˵㣬ͬһ̤Ǯڶųӣо𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ǾȥĲ㣡
һˣȥһЩһӲϵĲϴ˶ס˺ⲽȥȻûиоϡ
ѯʣֱͨȥأܸںˣֱķֻ֮ʣķ֮һܸţΪ¥ͨĲϣһСؿɲô׿ùȥġ
㣬ûУ
˵㣬ͳǼϣΪʲô£ʵ磬ʲô£
ûʲô£æǵģҸоһЩϡ
ԭ
˵ȴûȥ˳ڻܸųϵģֻʮ˶ѣ¥߲㣬սڳϣѾҪȥ
ûлţһԵȴӺսڴ˹ȥֻȻǺ£սſǣ˵ϴôˣ
㡣
Ц˵ղսѾرϣˣóϸƣ£սղųĵطԭΪһЩȻǺ͵ؿ˹ȥ
ϴŪ˰Źϴô̤˹
ս˵߸ڳͨڰ˲ϣȴǻһ򣬲ŵ˵߲㣬ʱ򣬾ҪȳһЩ
˵¥ڰ˲ϴսѾεϵסˣɳϻǽһ磬̤ȥڣǮڻܸţǶʱס
ȳ׾ٿھŲʱǮıڵֱͣ߶ţ϶ҪȻʵǿҲڸоϰ
ʰ飬Ǯ˵ӣʣµļ㡣

·ٶΪʲôͬʱϵľٶȫ֪һأţ¥϶ԳϲãΪΣҪûõĻܵ¥ʮʮС
켴Ӱʧ¥
˿̣Ȼվڵʮǰ¥ʮһˣϱǰ̤ȥ˵Ψһֹܽģ¾ֻڿռˣҲһڿռݣܡ
δ˵꣬Ͽ˹ȥͨʮһʱһâعУȹâʧڳǰģȴǵ
ţʲô𣿡
һ谭ûио
Ҳ˲ʲôˣżɽ˵ϵͷǵġ
ȥʮһ㡣
ȥǹâ˸ԵʵҲû׿ȥ˲ٹ򣬵ȵȥ֮ɫǲ԰һƬ
ϿȥʵʲôԸ
Ͼôһ̧ţһأȴǲܣҪ֪ܽʮһ㣬ǿһطһĻ˵Ǿ仰ˣȷʵΣգ춴ɾӡ
òѹеķ˵ӣʮ㣬ɷΪȡһӿˡ

һ
ʲôĻ
Ҳ֪ϵõʮ㣬ȻͻףʮﻹƷȫӣԱ⡣
ϵ˵ͷʵţһЩʣܻش𣿡
Ӿ˵
¥ôģ
ڵĵ伮ϼأ¥˵Ӧһ

ȷʵˡ
ĺ̹ϣأһ˻治֪϶󣬵˵ȴû˼أҲ²¥ʮܽ⿪ܣֻô꣬ҷѾ˼ֹڵʮһ㣬ϲõʮ㣬Ҳ޴֪
𾪣þδɢΪԼˮƽߵˣ¥ǰʲôŵ¥ʱϲ뵽Ǹ
ԭΪҪͻһ磬ܽʮ㣬û뵽ȴǴڵĻԵ֮ˣǳܽ⿪¥ܣԳӵʵ϶а
֮˴󷽣ȻΪóڴڽ֮ʱ߾ȫȣ˵ˣ¥ǻ֪òϣϴ𾪻ع˵ڴʲôΪ


1955 ֮
֮
ûʲôʱδ֮ĻֱӸ˳ϣһд󾪣뵽ľǵͼڴ½Сڵģһġ֣
лĹԭı۶ڳԺмǶСġġϣֶС˵ʲô
˺Щ򣬳ϲŰסʣ˵й򣬹ţ֮Ϊ򣬷֮·ǻ֮أӦʲô𣿡
ô֪
ѿĵһ⣬Գϲ֪֮ǻ֮Ȼ֪֮ô֪̤֮İأ
Ҳµġ
˵һ䣬ҪѪĸоʲô׵ˣܻ³֣ǾԲסֵ壻ߣ²µģ
ûдɳʵףֻʵ֮ΪԪš̫šبţǻ֮أУԣŻ·ֻ
һ˵ֻ֮һ磬гиߣҲû˵ֻ֣֮Ҫߣ֮ܽУǱ̤֮
̤֮ǿߵΪʵвİɣôأ


֮һԣ˭߼˭ΪԽߣʵԽǿֲ֮ʳһӳԲݣǳӣȴֱʨӳԣʨأֱ߼ħޣɱ
˵۳ϣƽʵϵţ֮ǹ򡢷ǲҲ֮У
˵ȻвһֻǴһ棬似ط֮ҲӰ쵽ʵΪʲôеĸ̤֮ʵȴѾ˽˻ҪǿʤǿҲôġ
ǹ֮߾һǻ֮ߵĶˣ
ϵһ£ص׽һ仰ô˵ģӼҲҧˣӸպҧ˵ҧһ㣬˺пܾͻ⣬ϻɱӢһ˵ȴҲи໢ʳ˵ĲҾ緢⣬Ϊӽ󣿡

ϵͷ¶⣡
ԣ⣬⣬ɲͨͨ⡣ɫ£üëһ˵Ըꡣ
ӿɣΪΪ
˵
Ȼ˵һЦׯ˵ʮľţ˶һһ⣬ǲأץסһܾ
һ˼ʱֱ仰ãһ뵽ԼɽѪҵһҵ棿
ڣ춴ֲйϵ
ţͣŵ˵Ǿ仰ô˴ʮӵӣԺظδ㣬͵һһӴ˹ͼɢȥȫʧʱ򣬻һ죬֣ǡ̫
̫ܣѭʲôϵ
۾ǽһ£ʲô˴ķӦͬʱҲһ仰㲻ųϣ񲻽Ϊ˸šҵԭ򣬻гϱ㲻ŵԵʡ
ʮľţѭһֻҪ֮УҲһ㶼㲻ǣǸ֮һͷԺУǻҰɫ۾ȻųĹʣǸһǴڵⳡѣΣȹϣʹˡ
ǧϵһЩ֮У뵽飬׼æһ£ɾҪʼʱͣˣﻹӿһ뷨ӺǸɿݵϣǸ˿ĵЦݣ뷨һĻǾ˼ˡ
֪ð뷨ʰԼ󣬻һ飬ȷʵЩǲǰ֪ģ͸ҹ֮ǻֻ֮˵֣õջֻ½΢΢
ϻŵţ֮ʲô磿ôʣΪ£һڿռ䣬ڶСڣ᲻һӦ֣С塣
ˣȴһ㶣켴ҡҡͷ
Цʱδܸ֮ң
ǣҲ֪

Ĵ𰸣ǳڳϵ֮⣬˵ţҲһ̶ȣȻͻ֪һʲôС
¥ʮ㣬߶¥Ż֮һ㾳ܣΪ¥Ϊڻ֮µġ
һᾡġ
̤ͨ¥ʮϣ۾ֱֱ·⣬ǸõˣΪѰôֻ꣬оǸпϸһץסһ¥ôĿǰΣմ󻺽⣡
Խ֮ӦþܲؾˣֻҪܲؾڡ뵽תᷢ⣬ᡭ
ڵУûʧһ̤˹ȥһȴסǸûлشżᶨĲӣڵʮ㡣
¥ʮ㣬¥㣬һܽ࣬ʮ棬һС䡭


1956 򲻿Ļ
ΪֹЩ¥һ
ǷôʹãҪǷҽڵĻ᲻ڶ֮٣ҪҲܸζһƵķǻȫɣֻǵؾСˡԣɽأأôûأֻأγɣ
˼УѾߵСſǰһͷƿţδ߽ȥϾͿǽϹһ⻭չģǾŵġ
˵ľ⸱𣿡
߹ȥСش򿪻մһ㣬ףæҪ뿪ȴȴѲס˳ϵһϸϽڿռ򿪡
Ż򿪣˵ĹâҫڿУϵɫȴЩ԰ڿռӣ⻭ǰȴ㲻ʲô
ڵѾﵽԽٱɱĵزǣ⸱ǰֻ֮һɫٵǽʵڶתͬʱڿռڶ֡
Ƶʴﵽһʱ͵ؽһ¹Ȼãһӱ˽֮һɻûȳϼȥ۹âŹâģźƺ
ֱͣϺˣһ⣬ǰѳϺС䣬ֱӺʮһ㣬һ˲ĵס
Ҳ˺üæʵʲô£
ûشûи׵ô¶أʱյʵʮһ㣬֪ǻ̺ر⻭ֻ֮һ
⣬ϻиɻǣڴ򿪻ʱŸоΣգ֮ǰһиоҲǲı֣ڿռ֮󣬻ûΣһоûе״ء
˺һϲŽĴž˵һ飬üͷʵ㿴ʲô
ʲôҲûп
ҡҡͷûκ׼ǹâѾεÿȥˣЩҲǺһ˿˵㲻Ҫ򿪣
С
ٴ߽С䣬ǻֱϲȥ򿪻˼׼ˣһãȴòľһĽ֡
Ŵ󣬳ϲס֣˵Ī⻭Ҫȫ򿪺ܴߣû취ֻþ׼ٴδ򿪻
һأȫǳѨϵȵȶת֮⣬ϻǳâС׵ʮɫâۣҪ⻭棬׳صʲôȻô
׼ʮӣֱ϶оɢֲϢ֮󣬴ʵڶһʽץȥһץȻЧֱ˶֮һ
͸Ǵ۹âϿģİ֣ϧһ۶ûп꣬ٴα˳ȥصʮһ㣬εסϣ˵ʮϴó׼ʮڽ³˵ʮǰҪȻҲˤصʮˡ
ã˵˵𣿡
벻Ҫǻ
ʲô˼
϶뵽һȥˣ˵ǻǽϣȡҲ²⣬ֻн򿪣ȡ
ԭӣղŶС
ˣҴӦ㣬ͻˣһٱ㲻ץסңЩ϶ûôȻɾͽˡ
˵꣬ϾʮȥǸ߹ϴ֮Ȼô¶鲻Խȥһԣߵϴٲǰ벽뵽óϴҹȥֻЧأ
ϵվڻǰȻֱպһͺîˣͲŴ򲻿㡣һ׼βȡķһβͬˣ׼ͼ֮
Ϊ뵽˲ٹؼĶܽҺ俪ôԶҸоʹɲȻ˷ѣҾȴһЩʱ䣬ڿռ佫ȫգͲٶ˺ɣ
Уܹܲ⻭мپأǬһ֮ľûдͨأôǳѨϡ
׼Щ뷨һԣšʵڶϴһ㻭ǹâɢϸϽâڿռ䡣
Ĺâ٣ڿռһСķ籩óȴֻޣȻ¶ηɫ籩ԶԶġ
⣿
ֻһʣޣҪǷ棬ʱ伲ٷɹڵʮһĵЩͷˣԸϱĳҲԸ춼ûж̫ҡ
ʱһζնһʽǧ֮󣬿ͨڰ˲ϣս񻹱棬״Ҳµйأڵľ仹֪ľ
ʱ˿̣ǰĻѾչ֮һϣûнȥٲڿռꡣ
Ͽ¶Ĳֻټ֮ǰһۣѾ˲²⣬ĶɽˮŮ֮࣬һ֣һ֣
̫
˼ʮʱ󣬻ȫڳǰѾԶˡ


1957 һһ
һ㣬Ϳˡ
ͼ֮ķǳЧһ㣬һ㣬ܹסٽһ㣬Ȼûûſͨһأ
Ǹ֣ȫչڳϵֻǣ⡰֣ûκ˼һ￴ĸо׽͸
⻭ƽصĶ϶ҲƽΪʲôҿ⡮֣ʲôдûأʮټġ
ţһ£ȴһǽȫչǰǧ˲˳ʵģѪƤ⣬Źͷ˳ȥ˲Ϣ䴩ʮһ㣬˼ûʧĵ͵һ㶣ϳƵʮϣ⡭ֻҾҲһסɡ
ֻһϢĹ򣬳ԽӾ̵ٶȣƵھŲ㡢ڰ˲㡢߲ϣŬϵս񡢳趼ײһߡ
ˣϵٶδֹס㡢㡢ȥм䲻˱ˣ漸ˣûп˭ﶼûп
󣬱ӳ¥֮󣬳ϲֻͣڵĳϣҪǱжǱվһ̣ôǰĴȫ׷һһ⣬ô׾
ţٴ¥ȥսһ㣬о;ҾͲµ㣬û뵽㣬ʲôˣܽ˳
ҪҴȥһԣ
еֻϱ˵ű߾ҪȥץУиϽ㵽һȥﻹͣ˵Ұɣ㶼˳ˣҪȥǻֱ군ˣ˭о
ϱпЦеı飬Ҳ뵽ҪһһߵʮĻ϶ᱻЩ˵һͣһϽٶȾѭ켴ӹϢʱڣϴȺϣʮһ㡣
Ȼ󣬳ͣŵţǸ𣿡
˼ҡҡͷ
дһ֣ҸоЩԾ
Ͻ˵һ飬Ȼһ࣬û˵üͷøˣϼò𰸣ٴʮֵСȥ
վڡֻǰûѶ󾢾֮ĻϾǰˣܳסתۼֵһˣϷǳСĵأһһȻһ˲䣬ٴظ֮ǰľ
ֱȥ
ϣܶʼأظʮεĳϣһվڻǰŸղŵÿһξţǶôСģǶôСֻҪһ㣬ʣµĻͻ˲ȫչӿ
Ϣ󣬳϶Żüһ˵Ȼشͼ֮Ҿȫ£֮ǰľУϻûüڿռѾ˳ȥ
ڿռĺڶתһӦ׼ɺ󣬳һʣµĻȫ˲䣬ڿռ
뷨õģʵȷʵпģٴ˷ˣصûбȫӳ¥ͣ˵㣬վֱΧĴڵӶһɳȴΪȻЦ켴һٶȵ˻ǰ
ϸղȻ˳ȥȴҲʲôöûУ˺һЩڿռ䣬Ǻ˭ܺĵù˭
ظֻβظߴΣϱΪˣڿռԽԽĵ𣬿ǳϵĲˣǼȥĻ붼Ҫ
ѵǿĿǰڿռֻ»Դͨһǣֻٴѡ
Ϣ䶨Ͼǿڶ֮Ϊ֮ԶֻǾ̫ϧңʼոоֻô򵥡
Ȼľϻһԣڿռȥ֮ͨǰֻ֮ͨһľ֮Ǭڰ֮ͨһ
Ȼǻ򲻹
ȫȫʱֹȥˣϼ롰ֻϣõǿ֮£ÿһεջִһЩ
ʮκ󣬳ϸоˣ˵ϾֻܿĿˣ
һ»ϤٴϲɽʮϢĳ󣬳ϻάŽֻȫչ״̬ΪһֵĻֻͻٴκϡ
ʱʧˣʧøɸɾһ˿棬Źâȥˣϵġ֣Ŀڳϵǰ
ϲ˾ͽ˵еעȵȣȫϣɳϵԺƫƫһƬհס
֪˶ʱ䣬һƬհУһ㶫ⶫģģģҲ˵ʲôҺǹ廹嶼
أһ㶫ˣһΪͬһѳģȴظо֮ȫͬǰǶҲһǰ֮䣬·һϵûС
ϻУ뿴ʲô״ڿռһϵ궼ԣԺҪըѣͬʱϿľȫʧֻٴκϡ
Щ϶ûע⵽ͣţһŸղĻϵںľӺ󣬳ѿ˵һһ


1958 Ѫ¥
һһ
ҲȥˣʲôҲö֪ϸо仰ѾĥˣȻֻж̶̵֣֮һּΪС֮С
ź£Ļ鲻ԽٴչǣȴҲûйâҲûһƽƽֻϲЩʧϣٴֻܵĹпٴνղŵС
һжƽͨˣֻǡҲһ
Ȼϣȫչ󣬳Ͽģֻһ֣ǡֱҲΪˣֻܹϴǽȡսڿռ
ʱ򣬳ϲ˼СƷȥСŵĶ࣬һӶѣǸӣ߱˵ϣӲһҪôľܴ򿪡
ϵԸʵ֣һͿˣŵһƿӣƿװҺ壬Ѫ࣬һΣѪһɲǣɫڶѪͷһ඼ͦУ˭֪ûаʲô
ϲûн֮һԣооǿԵģˣϽƿӴ򿪣ʱϢɢϢóּȻϤİĸо
֮⣬Ѫͦʣ·ǸմӻȡһѪʱ϶ǳԶڵ¥ʮ㣬ݵ˵ôûһϵõ¥ʮ㡣
˭Ѫ
񣬲̽ϤĸоԴںδ⵱УʱҴҶʱڳϽꡢڿռȫ󣬲쵽ϤУǴԼѪҺġ
óϸΪɻ󣬸ˣѪı仯ɲ٣һξ˸ջѪѪ䣬ڶʥɽʥɷѪ䣬ǻ١ˮ١֮١ԴٵȵȸֽѴѪ仯
˶εѪ֮䣬ȴֱȽϳףԸ֪ԼڵѪʲô״ˣҪǽԼѪѪһܲڡ
ԳһЦĥİİϾǺ޸ݿѭʱ֮󣬳׼ƿӸϣɾҪϵ˲䣬ǵѪԤ׵ط˳մڳָ棬һ˽ȥ
ϴ󾪣оѪѪҺ͸ϽҪƳȥȴǲУС󷨣ҪڿռѪҺ֮ʣƿѪѾӰˡ
ô
ϼΪص˵аڿռŪܵɸӣҪǵѪɸǣΪһ쳣״ûз֡
ѪҵѪҺ
еֻǿǰϲҴ⣬һתȻ˵ȻҪѪҾͰɾЩԯͷһ
ϵеѪһһһһ飬ʮű֮󣬳ֽѪҺŹһ
ʱ֮󣬳ϲųһϣѪѾˣٰΣգΪء˵ţϽӡƿһӽڿռ߷ߵؽ
켴תһȥͬʱԼҪʲôϡŹ֮ᣡ£ֽӴ򿪡
ʱ䣬˵ŵģʲôŹ֮ȴһƣǰռʮƣһ֮ͬƵͼϡ
ƣ
￴Ƶ𾪣֮ǰѪѪҺ𾪣¥ʮɲ½ǸƶҲͼڴ½Щܱȡ
ΪʲôƳֵĵطеķǳ׾ȡãеȴޱȣͱһ飬֪ҪѶٹܹõ
Ͼ׽ʣ˹ƵϢ˵Ǹ֣òǴİɣ
ôҲ벻ͨ͸ϲ룬ʮӽڿռ䣬һӽȥǰʮһһâͲ֪ȥˡ
Ҳ⣬ڿռ綼ðģɨһۣȷ¥֮󣬳ȥֻ߽Сţ¥ͻؾڴ¥ˣΪǵǸߣ񣬸Ļ֮ȫ˳ȥڳϵľ䡢սҲ⡣
׳ˣһĪ֪ʲô£ǸϽעڵ¥ϣֻ𶯷ԽԽ󣬿ɾ֮У¥ȻʼСˡ
¥ôˣ
ΪʲôСˣڱ䣬ԽԽС
ЩۣнĿɨһȦûпϵӰһ¾䡢սȴ¥ȥΪϻ档
סϸ֮ɫ˵£ǵõһλڵȻڵ¥ʲôһǵ伮е¥ĳ
Ȼ˵õţͽ¥ӦڵĽ٣˵ⷬʱ򣬵ȴΪϿ϶ܼ¥ô꣬Ŷûгɹһߣôܳɹأ
ȴϣƫƫ߼˵¥
õƵǣû𣬾ˬɫҪҪһСıϸ֣һתһ˦֣ٹܴڵĽѣ˭ȥ
ҪóǸҪܰڶȹ٣ҡУɱӿ𣬾ʱԱһ仰Ҹ˵Ļ𣿡


1959 
˻һʱ󾪣Ȼ˿֪ûɨȥתһǱˣȴϡ
ϡ
æһȴţԭֻ֪ϵĲƾղߵȴҷֻϵʵҲ͡
Ͽ˵һֱۣ˼뷨ȫ¶ǰĸоתͷżСĵ¥˵㲻ٲ֮أôе뷨
ǡ
ڶȹ֮ǰڶȹ֮󣡡
⻰ЩɣϿҲ˵õ¥˭ȡ˭ȡãҶ㲻һˣױɱ𣿰ɱٵˣҲأǻ𣿡
δ˵ٳɣشϣˡ
ֻһ¥ѣ˭ҲãȡߣҲúһԵԺõģһ¥ö࣬Ҳöࡣ
ϻ䣬¥âһȫʧˣǰǳֱͦӰڵӿô㶣üëϸЦݣǲ֪ǵ¥ʲôȴ֪Գд洦͹ˡ
˿̣Ŵڿռĵ¥ֻޣڵ¥ϵڿռʱͷһҽУӴھҵز˫׹۾Ѿ˰޿СڣСڳ˯ֽĿͶϣ¶һԸϵ˼ɳĿǰֻԵ¥Ȥ
ֻǼ¥Ĺؼ
һȦΪֻͿ˵ŵ¥ģʹ¥УԥҪҪ¥ˡ
˺һû¶ۣȾţʱ˵켴ߵǰݹֻ˵ҪǸ
л˵¥ĳϻ᲻Ὣͼϵݹ˻һЩȻ㣬ܹһסˣżӹԺ˳˵ĻҪչ
սһ㣬йâϼ״⣬æţСġû˵꣬Ѿ֮һĵֱӱˣȥûס
Ϣ䣬ٴηɻϿûһ仯ǰϣٴץֻı飬ȻѾ˳ϵ
ôڵɢȥڽһ£Ժ̸ǻصסϢʱ˵ţǵ¥
ӣǰұ˵ܼ¥ǳӵˣ¥ڴôãҲܼһܼ˵¥ԵӾͲҪƳˡ
ûһ㱧Թǻ¶һЩϣϵ˵ͷ˵Ǿ͹Żһطҽ¥Ķȡ
⣬Ҫͷ˵ǲҪ󣿡
ǵġ
ǳӾʹŵ¥һҲӺǲ鿴
𣿡
ǰȷʵԣ¥ѾȡȻԴȥˡȻһֱЦ˵ɳϻظоš
һ˼˵ͷȷʵ뿴¥Щϣرڵʮ㷢ǿ֮˵ˣ衢ҲҪ
ǣϿ˵Ŵȥ󡣡
ûлشϾ˵Ҵȥɡ˵꣬ϵǰȥһԵͷѣڵ˼ѾȫڡֻϣǸһӰʧգȻǻȥϸˡ
ӵֻõֻ²ôףҪǵҲطֻܽ򿪣֪ģֻʲô
ţѾһȺβ֮
ܿ죬ϾͰѳǴУһ̤󣬳ʱ͸оʱı仯ҲǸоȴס
ڿԽ¥ȡˣϵľͼȥңϵģҲԼȥϸ˵ԶУȡ¥е߽¥Ե¡
û߽ȥ˵ϣһ°ɣ

˵
һЦӶԲôΪģ
ܲϵȣܺԾʵ˵ǻˣôѾµһЩϵĿˡ
Ȼʵ룬Ǿ̫ˣ֪ԸԸѧһѧأ
ѧѧֻûôľ
ĶѾӺܶˣϵͷкϥ˵ȷʵܺľǶ˶ԣԳ˵Բ⡣
ô
Ա䣬û˵ûн˵ֻ˵˵ö벻ԣһԱ֪

ڳʵʱѾͳʮſƬݸϣϽ˹ͬʱﻹţòᲷҲͨɣĻһܹܿѧᡣ
ûȥƬΪоϵУȻʧٶȻ֮ǰҪ죬ϲ˵ϣܷΪһӣа취ֹʧ
ûõġ
ĸ֣óһʵΪʲô


1960 
ԳϵʣϵȻһЦûشת˵Ҫһԡ
á
һӦ£оһǸʲôˣͺ֮ǰָһϼӿϵ棬ʮֵع۲š
Խ۲죬ϵüͷԽ壬߰˷ӿ֪ӣǣȻظоϵţעڵ谭öû𵽣ϵɫ˲٣
ϲţʩΪڰʱ֮󣬻ֱ仯ûУס֣ʹáٵһ뷨뵽ûãٵҲУϻܣͻ˫üһһʵʮ꣬Źһ꣬ϴУǱӳ𣿡
ҡҡͷеġ
Ϊʲô
õ˵󣬶Ǻܺõİ취Ĳǲܹ֮ӳ٣ֻϧ϶һ£˵֮ӸԴ˵޵

һͬʩչطҲЩͬԪ֮ģÿ˶Уǻ֮ΪǿߣһССʿʲôΪûеƽˣר
ʲô
켣
ϿųһãȻЦڿлһɫ˵𣿡

켣ͺñߣǲ֮ĻĵĺߣνΪߣ㹦ģʵ켣֣ǵķΧȻ嵽ÿһϣҪԼЩ켣İգܲץסҪ㣬˳ϡ
ϵ˵ѾһС磬˲ɳΪһŲ֦Ҷïһۿȥ˵ĸоܹס½ǳ
Ҫĳһĳһĳһ£ҪԼȥѰҡ׽µĹ켣ҡײأҲò켣׵ģҪѳ̶ˣһεĽѣҾͻǧ깦򣬲ཫĸɣҵ㡣
˵켣ѾֻʣһСָôˣϵţһ˵Ҳҵ㣬ҵżٲ²⡢϶㡣
Ͽһۺߣԣֻʣ»ôһ켣ʱˣʧҵͽֹˣ޻ܣ˵ûãҲûã䣬Ȼʱ޿̲ʧ
ӳĹ켣ͿԸػȥ𣿡
Ӷˣû˸ĴֻܵţΪľ
ǿľ괺أ
һʣһݣ˫⣬ת˲֮䣬Ŀȥ˵ľҪ괺̸ף
ֻҪȥҲл𣿡
϶Բ֪٣ǸһЩûôԣ˵Ļǹ֮⣬⡣
ȴô룬׽һʱһߣеĿģ϶Գ˵֮Ҳ˵ܵһĪ⡣
̫߿ˡ
Ц½ʱЩٰˮٰԴ֮࣬ҵͷϣôĪأ
ҲЦˣĻҲԿĪ⣬Ϊ켣ûУ˵ƬУƬ¡
ûУڣ
ϴһû켣ǲ˵ҵСѾˣ
˵ǲһġ
һʱ˳ϵ䣬뵽Լʽ뵽Լڿռ䣬뵽ɽ뵽˾ϡۡ
ϻ˵ţûп켣Ѫܻ֮࣬Լһ㣬ǸΪ켣ĸϣҲ㲻
۾ͷž⣬֪ϻΪ£ֻϼ˵ǰΪΪ켣ֹ̽Ѱ϶ҲǷɵ㣬û켣࣬Ȼ汻㵽ֻ»кܶ鷳
ǣվǳ֮ƣλϲʵӦǲ£Ƭ£ǲʵǿˣȻ࣬ɻô㼴Ҫȥңһλ
⣬ԼʱǵҪԼնɱļʽǰһֱǳˣԣŶҪԼնɱ
ɽô˵һϸоԾҪɱȫΪǳˣرԼԯ֮ǣ˵Щߵ·ԶĻԺ
⣬Ϊ˼Ͳһеˣܿĸô׸Ҷڤأ
һʺţڳԺüͷ֮ϼ״ʵ뵽ʲô£˵һ˵Ȼ࣬ȴҵĲ֮ûˡ
ϸղŲ˵Ҫ켣Ѱ켣ûˣǻôȥѰѿһЦصǳڵ¥һ㿴ô飬ǲһҪ֪ݣЩûˣӾͲǵˣ
ϵ˼ǣе켣Ѱģˣ
ϵ˵ͷ
ϵһ


1961 ģ
ϴ˿̵𾪣ݣϽ켣ѰĶȫܼǿɲǼһĶһеϣ˵ǵ¥еϼǵʮ֮һȲϡ
Ǹӡѳ̶ȡ
ǵĶͺñһĹУҪסյˮݡӪ⡢ȵеһУǼס˶ˮ֣ʲôˮ֣ǿÿһĿ仯
㣬óϲ𾪣
ϼ飬Ц˵Ϊ˽ԼģҲǲѶΪ֮òţңΪ㣬ʦսûУǿɱǡ
ϵĺѾȻȴͣ²˵ˣǼ黫һЦ˵˲֮ˣԸԸ֮
ðɣҳϣȰ˵ɹˡ
ȷʵȤټ˵û켣Ƭ֮УΣУ˵Ҳ㹻ʱ䣬ܹѧһѧЩ£ȥζܿҲ׵㡣
ȻҲ㲻˭ѧģһҪڵļʽĿģΪ˴ڡ
Ըѧϻҫ۾⣬ѧ˲㣬϶ˡţȴ˵ǲæѧ㣬Ƚе¶˵ҪȻɲˡ
һЦеʣǿɲһĶ࣬Ҳ֪ǲĿģУֻʲôǺϽյĳһƬһ˿©˵ԯ֮ĶУǵⷬʱϡǮǶˣȻͲ
ϲһʱ򣬾Цݣأ˵ϳĬð֮˵ֵٰĻ棬˵һ˵
˵һ飬˵úϸԼеĸܶ˵˳˺һԯ֮ǣϢĪΪġ
ֶסʵΪҵʲô
ӦҪȻСҲôһתͷԳ˵ӣ׽ͨ˵ˣ˵

ϲԼźܶпƩԼһࡣ
˵ʵһегĹϵעҲ˵ÿ˵켣Ѿעˣˣָһ˳֮⣬ΪҲΪ֮࡭
۶ʱ򣬳üë͵һ뵽ʲôȴδץסҲųϣԼΪصĿ˵ϲĻСɱĿģĿģΪǳ֮⣬ֻˣҲĻĻĻ
Ҳ
ٴξȣˣǮԴѪΪһУֱС׼ף񣬳϶Ի⣬ҲȽ̣뵽ҪԼɽǴλǻڵԼ
Զ׼
ϻصȻܱȷ˵ĳ챦챦רΪĳ˳ҲвرͼȴϱնɱĲرͼ챦пܾͻỻˣҲͿ˵˻
Ȼ˵ⷬûаɣֵǣСνǸղ˵ļ򵥣ʲôطǳɹôԺĻһ
ϳĬˣһ;ߵԽԶԽԻΪӴ̫ණδżδˣϼ״ɫ˵ҲҪ̫ģôģرǶ˵мкܶΪ˻ͬʱ˵ܽ˵ȫնϡ
˿ҵģҲˣ
ǵġ
ϵͷָƽ˵£˵ģϸ֦ĩڵҲ٣Ҽǵǰ˽֮ʽϷΪ˰šǧЩСƲãĪ˵֮࣬һרԵ˵ġ
Եˣʲô
ҶԴҲûʲôоԣô¶Ǻֻ˵ʲôع£Ʊǵһ̶ȣʲôѵǰܹȥַܹء
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ϾⶫԼڿռ䶼Ҫ棬ЦҪһɲף࣬ǳ󣬱ϾҪõʲôҪʲôǵõʮۡ

϶Դᣬܵ츶ĿѣֻԼϰο˵Ҫ̫ǳֻҪѧ˲֮С£ѽ
ϣˡ
˵֮Ĳѡ
ЦЦ켴ϽŲòǺϸֻһ߳Գ˵ʣµģ㿴ҸƬԼĥˡ
ϽһЩ뿪󣬳ϲûгڲ֮лزʱС˳Сڽ
˵ҪĲ֮϶붼Ӧɳ룬ˣ˵С󣬲ҪҶֻҪνṹȵŪУʱ㡣
õģ
ЦţСʧκʱ֮һߣ̫ĶҪһ£⣬ڿռͷޣҲôˡ


1962 ϣ
ͷޣ֣̿ȫѾڿռĵ¥ʱѹһͷֱ֣֮Ӷ˵
޿۳ϣ𣬿ͷѣֵģֳ飬ǿ־壬ȻǱƵģ϶Դһ㶼⣬ܴĻΥģֻҪܹʹС
ֻǳЩɣʵôǿҲͨԵޣΪοڲԣΪΣһ˵ס˵Ļ򡭡
ϴ߶ڿռʱޱʹֱΪһαǿѪ⣬һıѿ
ӣϲŽĿ⿴Ǹ͸ģȴƫƫڵġء˴ʱջ񣬱˳ĥ𡰵һһ̺С
Уĸоʱı仯ϽԼеľջ񣬺ţ⣬ֶ
¥֮УлϣսϣѾҵԼҪģ˵¥ץʱھ䣬Ѱš
СҲ֮һ
ǿģȴҲǼ򵥵ģ棬µ˶æµæĲӦҪڸڵѣæ̲̲һһƣڶ̶̵ʱڵֹѾ漰ʮ½
Ŵôûԭ򣬾٣ָԴһΪ˸ϣΪάת
ܹıʱ󷨣ȷʵǳռƣЩôĺ棬ʤ޾֧֮ţԭɣԴڵĵάתһ꣬ȫûʲôѹ
ǣ춴һƴɱȥ̫ԴټϽģɲǳһˣо䡢սǣüһ¥֮⣬СоҲӴԴġ
Ϊ˵õԴòţӶʽţҲûкţĿ궼ǰһӰ춴Щϡ
Ȼڵżƻ֮УǣѯʡֻһЩ飬֮󣬵Ըı˼ƻȻţȴǲһš
ֻΪ˵Ե飬԰ϵˡ
Уľˮ峤Ⱥףֿǰ廹ܱһ𣬹ֿͬʴǣڱָ֮ɢ̱ռ죬ʣµĵȴٶԳô˳ŷڵģ֮һջһֵ̡
һԵﵽߵ㣬ҲټˣǽעΪĴҵ֮ϣдڣֻŽΧȻʣµĵ̣Ƕĵ̣ʵϣĵ̡
ǣγΪľ֮ӺǳΪڣٻûӰȻǳ˶һģȴȫͬӳ᲻ԳŲܸŻٻ쵽ȥĻ͵òǸԴ˾пܲ
ڵսŨ֮ʱٻˣʱڵƴɱѪٻʣأΪθ
԰㶼ţ˵һǿ⣬òˣᱻ֮Ļַʻȥǲֳʲô¡
ΪǿƣԽҲ൱ǿĻ٣Ȼ˵˳ԭһֱڴڵΧ֮ڣһֱڼţѰţܲҵϣһٻɱǣôҶûҵӰ֮£崦ΣգŻ
ЩʱЦˣ˽̸Ƿýľˮ嵱ڹǷ˵˳ԽԽˣֻϻǲɫ
ǣ˵֮󣬻ҲǴ׳˵Ĵ˵ǲŵʧܣˣ֪Ҫȥ棬Ѿǰ϶ˡ
Ȼ֮󣬻پͱȥˡ
У桢¶ӪСŵЭ֮£СԽԽ٣õԽԽ࣬ԽԽҲԽԽ졣
½ζѾǸŮӴ뿪Ҳ֮ڲ࣬ζԸ뿪ĸԭǴᵽ˳ϣ˵½֮⣬ζŴӦֻζŷǳŨʣΪһֱΪá
ͬ뿪½ģ˾ͽζ뿪ķȫ෴ζϣ˾ͽȴ£͵ܿȥһֻߵ·ͬ
˾ͽڴ˹Ϊһнζѣĳкͻأسһѽһն£ܳ죬ǰһжɷ棬˾ͽסˣΧŵģһǳİ˾ͽоУ˵ʲôΪ
Ϊ֪ߵҲ棬˾ͽоڵΪӦñ滹ҪߣԴˣ˾ͽɻ֣һΣҾͱôǿˣ
˰죬˾ͽΪǵǼԵʣȡ«һڣʱΧٴˣ
˾ͽ̧ͷһģȴһѪ£
䣬˾ͽ뵽˳˵Ѫħ½ʵѵҲѪħļľӵأ½ô


1963 б
˾ͽİ֮أͬʱǲѪħ塣
һߣͬڵµܿѾʦȡ˶նȥܿȻ˷ܣǣʦȴ˳Ϊû㵽ںηҲΪ֮ܿʱĴŷλܿĸŮ˴ȥ
½ϣصµһˣԴԼ׼پۼʱȴҲϵһż
ʱǬڵõҪϺҲ뿪½׼ȥʵȥһϡ
⣬½Ϻܶ˶ͬһǳ֮Ϊã½ǽһΰʱڣٿֲηĽٳ֡
ֻǶ֪İܾܳá
գء
Ȼ׳֮˼ġƶǣδЩˣ֪Ѿһ磬ֻһҪ̤֮Ȼȥҳϸ𣬽ԼС
ǣԽԽûͷľҪȫȻ֮ʱүүһ鶫£⣬үү˵ֻҪ˴ܽϺݺݲڽ¡
ôԣްֳɣһץ̹оԼĲһˣͬʱһɾʹϮûܳܵסԹȥүүϽ໤
׳з¶ʱҲƻʵʩ׷润ǣ׉ȻеȨһ䣬ӣȻбΣ׉ˣҲƣϾ֮ͬˣԷһȴǴӦŮҪͬ뿪壬ȥתתͬʱƽһ·档
׉ȴţϷ踺أɹߣʲôɫҾɫӴʧƬ£һ
֮أϹԶڼƻܵõϵԯ֮ʱֱԳΪˣϹԶһ˽ϲ֣ȡóϵԯ֮ġ
ӣѾõòˣЦ˵ðŵĶźˣڽ֮գֺϷ֮ʱϣѾ㹻ǿˡ
ȥѰ춴ҸȥһЩ
һĴ½ƫƧɽһ޸֮ˣƫƫֲǴ׳ӣˣкܶڰѰҵķ
ɽ䣬ûе˵ټоԼҪͻˡ
ͬʱٴȥԣǷˮʵǵͬʱǵõ˲ٵϢȴһЩǳѼԴʯ

淢֣еĳϣ඼֪粻£Ѿȹ˽ʮ꣬ǳһӵôʱ䡣
ЩУΪʲôôᣬΪָߵˣʱøԴѳġϸпţʮ꣬ǽ¥ȫأȻʮʱ
ʮĳ÷񣬾ͺһɱ䣬õһͬʱʮʱСҲȫ˸ݸʱ
꣬Ͻע⾫з棻ʮ꣬ר֮Ȼ˵ַǳ죬ϵЩƬԼķʽ͸ۻ룬ЩóسڳǰЩƬ棬óидǾ仰ʮľţѭһ
ܾһ֣ǰ룬Щһ
ۻһ£ϺܳԾԼΪʲôûзѶĹ򣻴⣬ҲΪԼɵõĽһƬհףʲôûС
Ϸǳɻ󣬡ҵĹ켣أ߹·£˹켣ȴƫƫʲôûУҵĹ켣Ƭ֮£ںδ
һ棬ȻϽƬˣҲۻˣɳϵĲ֮ȴ̸ϸһʣһȲϣϺǾͺʵһûʵսͲܷɱ䣬سɳ
ʵǲ֮ϻԼʵ֮ȣûзʲô仯˵ֱֹͣӵı־ڿռ䣬ڿռ伸ʲô仯ʱСڡСŮûõģҪȻй˶ʮ꣬СôеȽϴı仯Ŷԡ
Ǿ䡰һһĻҲûʲôµ뷨µĸдǵһοʱĸ򣬶ȥ
ϳĬԼǼдȥҲʲô̫ջ񣻳Ͽ䡢ǣʮǼûôͣϢȫŬǵջǲСԡ򡱵Ȼ仹֪ľǡ򡱣ûи߾䣬ϣԼ˵һױ齣ھ޸֮ΪǴ˹֮ż
н¥о͸ҵ˹Ƶһе˳ȥȴûٿսڳͨʮһϣȫԶˡ
ڣѡ񣿡
Լǰرӵдʱ䣬ӵôʱ䣬ŷʱ󣬶еЧ󣬶еˣЧȴǲ󣬾ͱң˳֮⣬áʽͲʺңֻҾдϼ꣬ǧ꣬Ҳڲ˶٣̸ʲôۣʺҵģȻһߵѹµ桭
ţϳ


1964 Ѫؾ
ϣʲô£
ϵĽһЩ²⣬ϳص˵ӣڵĽѣҪǰˣҵĲ֮УԭдһӲŻή٣ڲ֪ʲôʣҪǰˡ
ڵĽѣʲô
һֱûʹ֪ľǴһѣ˵ѱӦģҪĿǣϵ񡣡

ϵͷʾףϺ⣬˵ڵĽѣѪؾ
Ѫؾ
ر飬˵һѪһؾѾܹ˵ܶˣֻϼ˵Ѫؾڴڵĸ֮£ڵʹѹѪؾѪؾĹܳ
Ѫؾʲô
ͫһ£˵ֹϰһ°ȴǸָģеβеʨ°롢ӥաβȵȣõģѪؾ涼У벻ѪؾҲС
̶һѾ㹻֮УϾĻں棬˵һֹЩﶼһص㣬ȫѪ죬ԽŨԽ˵ģɢɱԽŨԽʵһ㣬ڽӴɱһ˲䣬ͻᱻɱ𡣡
ܹͷɱĹ
ӿһУϣһ̾ϢЩҲͰˣЩѪķǳǿѪű༶ķҲ˲ǣܹ˺ģֻ켶ϵķС
С
еһЩѪﾹȻǿز켶ķɲ࣬˾߳һжҲ棬ȥʶʶЩѪЩɱӦڿռӷḻ
رѧ˲ĳϣһѾѪؾµڶ֮ٵڣһѪؾǲòȥˡ
һרľǣ˵ϣǱ߱˵˵˵ǰѪؾôģЩѪġ
á
ϵȥϽлС󣬸ں󣬾ʱ䡢趼ֹͣһ˳ߣ˵ϣ¶ɲҡ
ϴ㲻ܶ°жˡ
ʲôĽѣҶҪȥüʮĳɹ
㣬ﶼǴ̼Ѿϰˡ

˵ϸ¶飬ûж˵ʲôֱǾһ԰ɣ켴˵¥һ߳
̤ȥϾһֻ֮УûйĸпһϴѪؾȥȻϢϣɴڵգȻǳأһɽ֮ơ
һ·ϣٶȣǾܽѪؾ
Ѫؾںʱ϶֪ڵе伮õĴ𰸾ǴһҪѹסѪؾÿһδŵʹھΪѹѪؾڵġ
տʼѪؾõ𣬴ڸΪѪؾģҶΪѪؾûʲôڴڵչͼڲ֮ʱѪؾͻȻһѷ죬ѷֻܳѪֻѪﲻ̫ǿܿͱɾ
ŴˣΪѪؾˣû㹻ӣֻǰһЩ֣һЩ󷨣ѷסŴڵӿһһĴ½ʱôȵʱѷٴӿѪһεѪ࣬ǧֻΪ󲿷ֵӶųشڵ˼Ѫɱһɾڴڵػʱ䣬ȵ˵ŴӻŽǧֻѪ𣬲Ҳʧ˽һ
ѪĽѵ֮󣬴ڵĿʼתƣһΪѹѪؾŸԼλͣԴѪؾѷ촦Ҳʱ춴𣬲ǿʵһԾΪڲеĴ
ʱţѪؾѷԽԽܳѪԽԽ࣬ʵԽԽǿҲʱ򣬴ڲòͶĴšţһڳϣȥѹѪؾˣǮһ֧ҲΪѹѪؾġ
ֱ˴ڵţ뾡취Ūһ󷨣ܹ޲ѷķѪؾʱɻûеȵ㵽˴ڵΣѪؾȫҲزס
֮ǰϽܵѪѪģҲǲ֪Ҳ˽ѷһ̽αһģһȥ
ʵǾûһطзչ
ϿЦǴڵʹڻطǴڽڣиָĽѽڴϣ⣬ھҲ᲻ˣΪڵĹҲҪѪؾ

ϲ⣬ȴûнͣ˵ЩѪֻܳƬգҲӭһƽ٣رǽʱյѪ
ѹѪؾʹ˭ǵģ
֪
ϵ£ѾųǴ֮У󷨱춴ص󷨣Ӹӣ㻨˰ʱϲŴųǴ󷨣Ѫؾ֮ǰ
һϱɫ䣡


1965 Ѫ
ǰһƬ޴һ͸Źѷ죬һϿȣѷ죬ѾȫѪɫȾ
ѷУӿģǧٹֵѪ壻ѷ⣬ѾֻѪ˳нʮڵڵֵֻѪҪնɱǸϻѪؾ
Щ棬е
мһλѪİ׷ߣȣһУƴҲҪЩѪϻȥʮһɱ֣ηسȥ
¾Ʒǳ׷뾡նɱֻѪýͨѷѪˣģѾΪǣڶʱڽֻѪѷУһֻѪＷ˳ƸΣ
Ҳɫԭ
ϿһĻʱҲĿâΪֻѪɲǺײ󷨣Գ󷨵оһ۾ͿֻѪɵâΪһЩ󷨱仯
ţǰһֻβѪͻ׷߳ȥ׷ߺȵãϷնԴ
ȻûеȰ׷кŨϢķն£βѪȻԱˣһɺƴܣ׷ֱӸըɣѪ󣬵ҲӰ졣
ոմѷгĺѪǰֻѪվһ󷨣ɱѷиѪҪӿЩѪ
ްɣؽԾնȥ䡢ҲǼɱУʱ϶Գϴӣ¥
£ӳؽؽһʽڼն£ɱǰֻѪﵲһȡ¥ѷ촦ȥ
ϸս¥ڿռȡЩѪӦˣһ̧ͷۿĿųɣ΢΢Ŀ־壬ȵ¥ѷ촦ʱһĲҽУѪɽ
ѷʱ˴롣
û֣ͣʣ˲Ϣ߸ġֻѪ̶֣̺Ŵڿռġȭ
飡
ֻβѪﱻ䵽һߣڵϣҲȣֻѪˣǣȴûѺ۳֣Գ˵Ǿ޽֮£Ҫ֪ϵڿռޱȵײУûдԼġʱһǡȭֻޣҲᱻƤ
ֻѪȴ˿Ѫϲ²ڿռ͸Ѫڣ汬ˣһãϻ֪
ʱûжȥתɱһֻѪޣ䡢ҲˣټսˮʲǣһԸһֻѪޣǣȴûնɱˣǾǱɱŪùǺټѪǱ̬ķһǳڹ꣬޴ֵĸо
ͬʱѪﱻסʱ䣬ֻȭɱͷѪ˲ֳ飬ɱֻѪ
ʱֻʣ¾ΧɱŵһֻѪ
Ͽ⣬һͶмĿ⣬켴һ֣Ͻ˰׷ߵǰ棬˵ʦ𡭡
˱ǳϳӣ
ǵġ
׷ߵǰмлԮ֣ҪȻղŵľƱֻЩѪȫˡ
ǰҴӦҪڶȹѣᾡȥ
׷߱ǵŵģĿһ۵¥ֵ˵¥ЩѪͲô׳ˡ
ǰѪȫôǿ𣿡
׷أҡҡͷ֪ѪؾڵʲôǶһֻ֪ܱطסѷ죬Ҹҿ϶ѪؾﻹиǿĹ
üͷµľƣԴڶԣǴĲ֪ѪϢ̫ˣЩѪѪؾһǴ뽫ѪؾѹסǼܵ顣
ʣߵһֻѪǰϸ̽ţȴûʲô֣Ѫ׺ɱҲʧӰ٣ȳһȭײȥѪֱӱҵϡã֮ǰ״ȫ෴
ü˼һѪʬ壬Ѫڿռ뿴Ѫʲô쳣ãѪûûڡ
ʱǰ˵ӣЩ꣬ҲоѪ²ѪķôǿôǿѪܵʱϻһ㱣Ĥ㱣ĤߵЩƣǣĤӺζȴֻǸоɱԽѪԽǿһģѪﱻɱΪһʬ֮ɱͻʧ
˵ĵһ˵һЩɻȴˣžΧɱֻѪֻѪǳΨһģظоѪĳޣţоǲţѪ϶ֱ
󷨣˵ޣ˵
ϼһѪӳ֮£ѪʵһЩǲ࣬ؿǹɱ֮˲١
þУɱ
׼þÿҪһԣܴܲҳʲôɾʱǷסѷڵĵ¥ʼҡ


1966 Ѫؾ
¥𶯣ȻܵѪؾĹ
һ˽Ǵ󾪣¥ʲôĴڣǲǶ׵ǵ¥ǳǿ󣬱е취֪ǿ˶١
ĵ¥Ȼˣβ𾪣Ͼ˵¥ķ¥ܵסѪǾƽõһʰĵز¥סĲ󷨣赲˶ã
֮УǶĿڳϣһ¥ǳշģôһֻгϲϵĲ㣬Ҫȹ˴νѵĹؼڳϡ
ڵ¥ϵûжǣ¥ֻǱ𶯣ʱûܵκ˺˿̳ðѪؾѪħвйϵ
ʱߴһ̶Ŀȣɵֹֹ࣬ǵͳƬգȫҪ
䣬ϸоռﴫ쳣ԾǴȵСġ켴һʵڶƾ֣ͬһ˲䣬ѪͺȻԱˣں˵ѪŰķҪھʱϼʵڶеһУȫڿռ
һ룬ϱоҵɱɱóϤУֻϤкܵһʱ벻ǿһĻϳǻǣɲӲԱǴ˺زУܴλӣôһȥ
ϵĲ㣬ϻڸоţͬʱѪؾվ棬ӦǾԽ˴ڵⳡѣңĿǰӣôҲڶ֮ٵĪǡҪѪؾ
뵽⣬˲˶ƣתԵ˵ǰѪؾһ̽
С
ĶȻܾǰô˽ȥʵǿǧı˫ȫ޲ž֮ȫȥ޻أĲϲǵĺ󳾣ңڶȹνѵĹؼʧѪؾǾͻԮ֮ء
ӣ
ҪȹνѣǾͱҪ֪ѪؾصľеķʸӦսܲǳ֮ƣңѪؾһѷ죬Ҳпطѷ죬ʱΰ죿ʲôȥ£Ͼ¥ֻһ
ϻ£䡢Ǿվ˳ߣȻû˵һ仰Ѿֱӵжǵ⡣
һȻףǣʵ̫Σգǲðգǧ꣬ҵôһϣ׻ٵ
üһ˵ɣҽȥ
ʦ𡭡
ػһЦڣϣҷģҪЩͼֲסˣ徲ô꣬ˡ
վ˳ЩϣɲĦ϶ĳϣվڵȻҪĵѪؾﴳһ
ʱѷԶĵطоҵĿռ䲨ɫ䣬ĵ£ķˣĸϽ˸ȥһػס
ѵѹס˰ɣ
֮⣬˵ǰõңȻ˵ǾȽ֮ˣǾ˵ûôҲҴоա
˵ģ
ֻ׳ϵĲ㣬ϵ˵ͷϢתͷԵ˵óӽȥһԡ
ĿУ
ϵ˵ͷҲٶԣųһϹϿҵ˵һоͰгˣڶȹѣӾǴԶĹͣճӡ
ЩԺ˵ɡ
οһЦȻ֮˵Ϊ˴ڣǣܻһҲܲ˵㲻Ϊ˴ڣҲҪѪؾ
£Ǹʩչ˴𣬽ţֽС˳Ե¥Ϊģһٽе󷨶һ𣬾Ѫ﹥
ҲСһеǰûΣյǰ£󣬳ֶۼᶨҪȥѪؾľ˵ҿ϶һԡѪսѪؾǶȥ
˵ŵͬʱϻһɫָգǶͷʹǸıԭǲΪϵۡ
Լ£ĵ˵ͷת¥ȥʱͻ˵ӣһȡ
ʲô𣿡

жһֻһۣϱ֪Ǹֻֻݸϣ˵ϣ⻭Գá
ǾͶлˡ
ûн飬̹Ȼ˹ֻҪ壬ԶҪǳϻ֪ǡһһĺ棬ֻʲôУϣܽ˳仰ĺ塣
ųӿ
һᾡġ
һЦ̤ǰŲᶨȣϵıڵĵ˵Уһַĸоߵ¥ǰӰһ¥֮С
켴¥ʧת˲䣬¥ٴγ֣ѾվѪؾ棬¥ʧֳֵһɲǣڵľֱõǻһ︡ŨŨĵ顣
ϣӲ£
СѾڿʼǱؾĲǿңѪؾеĳϣɢɱ


1967 ȵĻں
ȫѪؾУԿһò˱ǡģɱޱŨɱ·ƬѪؾɱ۶ɡ
оɱͬʱѪؾĳҲӳУһϲŷ֣֮ǰѷڵѪ㲻ʲôΪڳǰģǵصѪ
ңЩѪﲢҺļڻһ𣬷൱ѪųһϳѪһ󣬳ȵѪһ󡭡
ۿȥķ󣬾Ȼгǧһɭϣҿվλãϵ飬ȫȫһӣ
ھĥʱ䣬̺֮ܽ裬תΪ似󷨵ĳϣԾֻһۣϾͿѪӵĺ֮
Ѫľӣ󿪴ϣŷǷƣǵĺ֮ھ룡
λãһֳɫѪؾռڵĺɫȫһγĶԱȣȻ۵İɫ
һƬѪɫ֮Уȴһɫǳۣǳ죻ңϵĿ⻹͸ɫĳ֪ʲô赲Ҳûȥʹʮɫâȣһܿ
ѪҲͻȻĳϣŪˣ˫ѪۣϣĿڳϵϣһɹɵɱƿն
ϲɽɱ壬ڿռ䣬תΪԼɱ
˿̣أһЩΪǰǧϾЩѪҪǳ˳ȥԴ˵һѣ֮ŵ࣬һѣѪħڼ֮ɵĲ״Լ£ϲʲôӢۣ¶ײˣҪȥܣǾͺѣ˵֮УкܶˣвҪɱͬģҲкܶˡֵܡ
أУһϤĸоϵԺһҪӿȴǻ˵ʲôδܼ
ͬʱϻһһɨ֮£ЩѪȫǰЩѪǿһ붼ҪЩǰɳģѪеľ񣬻һľ񡣡
ʱɫдһԣ¡
ۻ롢һ֣ЩתƿչģжϣһŮϻ治ЩѪôŮ
ɲöܹĲ꣬ǳδγڿռ䣬ֻȻˣڲͬо
ڣԳ˵ֻһһֿڿռƵ
ʮѪϷҪܣЩϣûа붡ء䱸ɫеֻȻΪǰѪؾЩһǳöԸ
δֻĥţˡ
ʵڿɫĵһ˲䣬͸һ仰
֣ڳϵ֮;УѾص֤ʵˣֻҪʵ㹻һǣֻɫһۣһԱ߲Զȥ
ΪǱߣһβм̵ѪڹѪؾЩѪ̣һ㣬Ы̵ģ̵ģо̵̡ȵȡ
ȻŲһļ״̣ǶͬĿģͬһ飬һηسѪؾϣÿһֻѪﶼֻһ̣Ϊһ̳ģһ֮ЩѪˣǾŶӣһһӵȥ
⻹㣬ȥѪʬ壬ûб飬ҲûбǱ͸ЩѪǽӵ֮󣬺ɣֱӽͬʬ壬ʳȥûκαʹ顣
˲ǰĻ˲ٵĳ뵽ЩѪҲǿǵĴڣΪȴ˲ˡ
ֲܹоܴԭˡ
ţӰûͣ£ѽС˳˵СӦչȭŵĵطˡ
С
һСѪУϽСϾЩѪǰСģɴһۼСһֻѪ̶ȥڼ̽ʱСȴһ¡
Ȼ⡭
˵ţҪȥСæȴС̶һٴδȥһأ˳һ̶룬˲䣬СֻѪѳһ߸ʬ
СϲõḶ̌һЦСڿռɳñûҪһ֮
켴һ֣콵𣬽һѪȫ֮УһֵĽѪӰ죬Сȴ֡
ͬһʱ䣬ʮֻѾϰΧһ˫˫ѪУȫǳޣһӳģ˺ȵˡͶ
Ѫ˵÷ǳֿڣһЦ˵һȺĹǰţǵɱǺǾһȡ
ЦǱɱǲǳңҷһ·
Զô
ǵɱ
ĵһ˿ˣһС
ǣ
ĳһֺʮֻͷųɱɱϡ
һȣɱɲǼ䣬ɱٵɱ˷𵴶ȥʮֻﾶֱɣɫﴫһףȻڳϵɱ
תͷɫ˵ȱæžȣȵĻں档


1968 Ǹս
һ˵Ĺ£ھֻܣؼɱΪãƾһˣӣȰ㻹ǿ쳼ܣ
һ㳰ûУƫƫ仰͸ѪҺĶһҲ룬ֱ꣬Ц˵ûҹԴĹأ˵ϻһֻܣھ￴죬ҪȫҪװ
ⷬһɫĬˣûٷ˼ϵĻΧڳߵʮֻѪȴֵĶ˵һЩĻ
ѪĶռɱǻ۶ԪһЩɱø׸ͣѪﲻҪȥֻҪվС
ΪѪؾŵֻɱ
ɱ壬ѪҲ֮ʹţһζҲ۳ʮ˳ǹߵǹη޼
ͬǣѪǵɱɱ۶ɵģԼʮϢǶӳ˵ӡӡ
׼𣿡
ϴֻһͷ˵ȻˣǾͶְɣʲôأ
£ȭȭͷŵģɱͬʱʮɱǹɱһ仰ڿգ˹£ĸ˵ޱȣƽʱϰࡣ
׳գ
һȭԲɨǧʮɱǹսӵȭͷȫѣɱɢʮֻѪԱһȭɨˣȭ˵ǵɱȻ̫ˣûиǿģ
£ʥȥѵѵ
ɫٴδΧųϵʮֻԹ֮ɫתȥʱ𣬡ˣͲҪٻȥˡ
£ʮֻѪﻹûлصù񣬳ؽӿƺɱһʽҷնХʱʮֻѪﱻնƬѪ⣬شӿ¡
Ѫǵǿһ̣ûκãһֱ֣ԶǧҲһ࣬ǿĶǺӣĻ档
Ȼ
ղɱѪʱͷѪɱķûжôǿߣЩķҲȲ֮ǰѪؾġ
úݵֶΡ
ֻǸտʼأݵģͬں档
ϱͲúˣ飬ͱ񣬶Գ˲ЩǾ͸ˡ
˫ۣ
ѪȲпӰɫﴫȴƴ棬ͬʱֻ֮ǰһѪﳯϼɹγɱ硣
ϼˣЦͶһԳ
ˣ
һȣֻ֮ǰﶯֻǵĶӸӣӿǵɱŨ˵ʵɱУҲᣬǵļ򵥶ˡ
𣿡
ɫƮֻʥѪϵ֮״Ũ˫ʵڶʱҫڿգһѪؾɱͺ¡ʵڶӿ
ôܣ
ɫһ𾪣Ϊɱ˵ƾ̣ƾ̾ȻãȲŹء
Ϣ󣬰ɫǹ˵ɱ˶أǧǧÿ˾һ㣬ܳ㡣
ôܣôҪˣˣ
һ˵һʵڶ˲ŴٱֻʥоڵɱȫǸںĶڶȥˣѾڻͨڵɱҲ˳ڶȥ
֣ޱظֻѪϡ
ϵʵڶڲͣرѾӰ쵽ǱߵĴɫٴδвˣͲôɱһӿ룬𣿡
˵һֻҹԴĹ㻹ţٶɱҶˡ
ȷʵˣôӴɱڿռ䣬ʱʧûб仯ֻڿռϢһЩɱ֮⡣
ҲţֻѪΪλ˵˻ǽǰЩץסѧ𣿡ҪǳâʮɫâۣһǸɫ
ʱɫﴫȻ㲻Ҿһ֮ʥ𣬸ˡ
ֻ־ʥʱһɨϾţޱȵļᶨ͸ž֮⣬ֻѪϳ
Ա԰ɣ

ɬĺȳһֻ֣ʥԱϽһʵڶУΪڿռ䡣
ɾʥѪΪ֮ʱǹϤٴϮͷһӣصļ˳ˮ׸黭棬оһǰЩơ
ˮ˵ս𣿡
ȻԼǣѾȷ˵ģ˵ɱҲֻսó
뵽⣬ϲ뵽ˮ˵пյʱ򣬾ȥЩս˵սкöϵʱδ룬Ҳʱˮ׾ָ
ҲӦڵһ죬ҲѪؾ
϶Դ˺ᣬѪҲȥ뵽һ㣬ҲףѪؾô⵵£Ҳܶˣûˮ׵ûڿռγɣûнյ
Űɫ񣬳ϴʵڶ̤ȥ


1969 Ů
ѪؾĹɱɱ۳ɱɱ˺ꡢ꣬νɱ񣬵ǣЩѪڲŷ֣ڳǰʲôǣϲɱ
ڣɱɫȥ
ɫһƬţڳҪѪײʱĳһ֡ɱ
ʱ䣬ѪﶯǵȻûңϡ£й޵ϳ˫֣ʵڶδɢȥ֮϶
Ͽǰľ仯ҲһЩЩĹŰڲ֮µĻܺɨٴ½½ڵʵֻҪ󣬾ܹɨˡ
ֻǣڳǰЩﵽʱ仹رľ룬ɫ䣬ֻ֣һӡ
ʱ콫棬֮⣬ʵ
ʵ֮ڷգǰǧΧڴ֮Уһɫ񣻻棬ӵúܿ죬УѪ˺ܴá
ûпǵħޣűܵϲŭȵЩѪ￪ǣǷḻˣֻϢ䣬ͽƬض
ѪﶼӰ죬ˣֻһСܵӰ첻󣬿Ѿ֯ǰľ֮£ֻ˲£λɻܵɱϣǽԼ۾ȴŲ⡣
һƵУɫˡ
ڻߣ̤һһӡӣĲӬЩѪͱ̺ɱ似ڿС
ѪؾΪޱȣĵҲǣҪĵˣԵľͽɱһأЩɱǺС򡱡򡱵٣ҪĿͳսҲһ⣻ټǲ֮֮ɱƵеĻѪķȷʵЩ鷳
Ϊڿռ䣬ڿռܹṩ㹻㹻׺ݵɱѪľбɷС
֮󣬳ѾɫϿգɫٴδ𣿡䣬ɫȻɢâ֡
âסһɲǣ͸оһϲһЦС׼£˵𣿾ƾôҲҵǰ׳գ
䣬Ͼͽɫʵڶ״·ʱ̫ˣˣ
Ⱥһ㹻š
𣿡
Ȼǡ
һ±ըζ
δбը𣬳ϴʵڶȥԭڰɫĹһ£ȻǰмǸϻ֮̽ķѽǳâʮɫɫâ۵ĳϣ֮µĹһࡣ
׼ȷ˵೤һģһ
ڷΰ˫˫ţǳSģ統У֮ĴŮԿáǡݡ
ǳڽѪؾдδ뵽ģ뵽ͬ࣬ҲǴڵĵӲŶԣԣȻˣϲһ¡
ǸŮ￴ϵ״Ҳ뵽˳ϿܿʵĿ¶飬ǲͣغš֡
ЩϹĺССǰжȹĶʮһʵСÿǣϾģһ٣ֻһ֮󣬳ϾͻعЦҵʵڶã㻹ܿŮ
㡭
Ůֻȳһ֣ȴѾǼɫˣȻŮ˵ɫ϶һ˲õķڳ㲻ϡ
ɫﲢֻŮһ˸Ǵ磬ĿĹĸǵ°ǲĿˣаȵ֩룬ԡ
˸ﵲŮǰƾһͳԵıͬɱۣ˸ɢϢȳѷЩѪﻹҪǿɶѾյѪĳ˵ֻǶһЩɱˡ
ϵ˵ɢ
ʱбɱ۳һֻȵɱն𣡡
һն֮ʱֻҲ֮ʧǸŮȫڵ˵ŮҪҰ¶أԼ
ˣ㿴ôң
žȵʣֱж˻شɱγһΣͽŮϵĻȫϡã¶һžա
Ůϻž㵣ΧЩڻˣٿǻԽԽɢһƬ޵ʵڶﲻӿ𱯰һʲô׼ˣϯ񷣬ǣû뵽ðôһˣƾһ֮ͽǵļƻȫˡ
ŮﲻΪʲôܹɱ׳ô֧ţõϢȫϣؾУߵʵܵѹƣˣȻǶܹӦ
һУŮﶼ֪֪ҪٲȡʲôʩҲҪˣŮһҧ˵˵𣿡

㡭
Ҳһ
ǹ
һЦûʱгңΪʲôúЩﲻһУôģ˵˻Ǹ˭ѧģű֮ǺδѧУѪؾ棬ǲһս


1970 ȽϳףϷĻ
һʳ⣬һ䡰Ҳǹĵ֮òŮ֮һЦ˵֪ɸһ⣿
ðŮ·
ˣҲǹ
Ůѿں仰ʱ͵ʶ˲ڿûӵѲȫ⣬ֻʣһˣ仰ŭ˳ϣһƽ֮£򶨲٣ȵҪɱңԶҲ֪ЩĴ𰸡
ǿɲһѪؾжңҵɣһҲҾ졢죬˵᲻ҵأЦ˵ɱѡ
ôһ˵ŮЩˣг˳ᢣÿҪһ֮ǰϸϸıֻҪͱѾȫ֮ߣӮΨһγ⣬⾹úھ֮ǳڸղôˡ֣ȻĻ˴Ѫоȣڡ
С
СһŮǰģѪļ̣ŮһëȻ֮УϼСһɱ¾ǿ˲٣Ҳʮο
ЦԽŨŮԽ壬Ů㷲ʱϽСսڿռ˵߰ɣû˵ǰ治ǼŮŮ
⻰ȻŮƣŮŭԣԹޣǰ·ȥûϾһץסŮ˵ٶ̫ˣָ򡣡
Ŷһֱߡ
Ů˵꣬˫۲ֻоһδٶǰȥﰵ˼ٶȣٶȶҪɡ
ѪؾץŮѪʱѪؾѾƽѷ촦ûжĵطҲٴҲ
һ˽Щϲ⣬ɴǱ֪ܵϽѪؾû֮ǰЩһʱǰΣ
ȻǾȽ֮ˡ
ĸ̾ţ˷׷׵ͷӦͣҲǲûоشţվѷĵطЩɱ
˵վܸоѷй©ıɱѪؾɱ϶Ũ֪ζԸġ
Ҳɱķ
ҡҡͷҸо񣬷Ҿóӵܲһ
Լģû˸߹
˵нԸ𾪣ڵһ˶ףԼ˸֪ģмźܴ𣬶Ҫ֪ϴ֪˳ϵ䣬ֻµͻɵ
Ծ֮תϣϣܽѾȵһ̶ֳȣǴΪĵ⣬Ŀϡ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ҵĲνѻȽϳס
Ƚϳס
ĥ仰ɴΪģ˿ȥڲѪؾģôڽӭһηٷչĻᣬʱգܳԽ֮߸ߵľ磬ôھһԾΪҡ
ȴûһϲüͷһ壬кϸϽϥĲĵ˼״ʣȴûȥţֻϻм䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һɽۣ֮վһӰӣΪҪϼ£ȴϣãǾúϷʼݰɣ
ӵȥ֮ǰŵĲãһһת⣬ӻرΣҵϵļˡˡֵܡѡ
̶һ䣬ò䣬̤նȥлڻ죬۷壬Ϸ档
ϹԶҲӿİ֮УǸǰͶ˵һΣһҪȡҵĶ
˼ߣܸӦʣ֮˴Уضɣ
ԯٴν٣
ϹԶ˵⻰ʱȴ˼ٴνٵģȷʵԯȴǰǸԯ
ŶˣҲˡ
Ҳٴνӵһȷ֮УΪ볼ͬʱڽӵһ󣬵ֿ
˿̣ҵ˻٣˵˺һ󣬻˵˵ԣֵģ벻ĵ١
ֻҪ˾ٳɹ˱ضվڸߵĵط
׼׼ɡ
ǣˡ
ϣǼòѱ顣
쳣ٶʱһȴûʲôҩȣң˾ÿɵǣҩȻ˵ҩӦ
ҡҲһĿɰ֮Уһ߳˼ӴϷĻұȼ磬֪˿Ѿеһ
ֻǿš
ĳһգһصĵصˮУ˴˽ȥбϢӿ˵춴񵤵ģ
˭
ڣǵĵˣԣѡ
ƾʲô㣿
˵쵤ϣҪʮָܻƣڶʱھָܻʵøǿץʱ䣬ԱǳˣԶ˳ˡ
ʲô˼
쵤̲㡣
켴˳ȥ춴Ӱڼ쵤ǰĸôʱھҵң쵤


1971 Ѫǳ
ָܹǿʵļ쵤춴ûԥã̽˰죬Ҳûп쵤һĲԾһ㣬ѾĶ
뵽춴ĳ뵽һ̺ȴһгϵ˻ٵϡã뵽ӣ뵽ҪֻڡϵԸ
춴ްֳɣһһ¼쵤һ븹ʱп˺壬ԽԽͣ춴뵽Լǲƭ֮ʱˮ壬춴оԼڱǿǿ
һߣѪؾеĳϣѪȻԶ
һֱǰʱ֮󣬾ܵѪ
Ůβ˵ĻңһڴһֵǣǰŮǲ¶ЩģֻΪʱ䣬ϸŵùǺ
ʵҲûʲôһ仰ûŮ˵˵һˣǣϵʵڶһֱδɢôڿУ̶Ѫؾɱ
ŮȻϻţǳϲûнȫȫֻǱ֤ѣԣŮܹظоķӿɱԽԽŨɱٶԽԽ죬ڣѾ֮ȫһƬհ׵شһ˿ɱҲޣһЩƻȫɲó
о˰֣Ůﶼɣ⵽˭ѪؾıңŮԥţɱ֮Уֱӱɱ˺Ƭһ˿档
Ů֮ʱϵ񣬡ʱҲüȥѪˣٴתתһЩΣյĵطһʱǰǾһѪɽɱƷײҲ١
˻һŮһ£ʵ㷢ʲô
Ҳûʲôͷһ·߹ʮطɱǳϴЦŮϼ˵ţˣһˣҪǵطҲƬѪɫɭֵĵطһֱߣڵڰ˸طһ·Ǿǰ߸ʱ
ⷬ˵ŮģΪԼһ֪ȴһУԭ˼֪Ϊ˼ȴһС
ʵǿıǸңôһˣѵҪʹ˻𣿡ŮЩĻ䣬ͻأԺһͷһѪȥ϶ѪٲѣԣһȥѪǣ֪Ѫڣôܽأˣ˵ҪȥһΣյĵطһúʣˣǲɱҪɱҲͲˡ
һ룬⣬Ů˵ã֪һطɱǰŨǧٱ϶ʺ㣬ҪܽɱҲˣʵһ¥
⻰ôһıζȻҲ壬ڸˣȥѪתһȦٵ˵ǸΣ֮ء
ô

Զ֪ǸΣ֮
ЦˣȻ֮أ֪Ŀ϶ֻһ˵ˣе˶˵һ취˵ѻ𣿾һʩչʲôҶ֪Ժļ䣬Ҳѵʱһˣ
Ů࣬ȵɣ
սʤΪһ˵οҷͬ࣡
㡭
ŮҲ˵ȥˣΪȻӿٶȣŮǾ壬ԭΪǰٶȣڿԶԶǣٶȣҲһӶҪˣִܵѪңٶȼӿ죬ɱûܰ谭Ǹǿ
һαһε𾪣Ůｩˣ˼άֹͣˣȵŮ񣬶ѾŮһȴѪˡ
׼ȷ˵ѪߵĽѵˣ
ɱˣܰ
֪ŮͻȻɤӺ˳ڿգǰѪ棬ŮﻹҪٺɸպɱһʣͼһƣҪҺúһѪҲһ£һ֮ǾͶˡ
ŮĻȴһֶĲΪȡЦ̧ͷȥȴһأڿѪ
ΪչڳǰѪһӴĽȺǧвߣһ͵¥òЩֻȵ¥߶ˣֱа˾ǧɡ
ˣأϼĽȺߵĻкֻܶܶ࣬ЩʲôӲʯͷʯȵϽɣȫùͷɵģ
ָĹͷɫҲȫѪɫͷģֱһСɽǰ㣻ͷСģͼװΣЩҲǧٹ֣ϡܿó壬һֻֻħޣ࡭
һĻϵ̫
ҪǣЩͷɢϢϺϤˮ׵ϤɽЩͷϤһУȻˣνѪǵǳսĺ
ʲôսѪؾӵ½½Ƿ˵սĽ֮أսģЩΪʲôЩƴɱΪʲô棿
һһʣĵӿѪǳʱԶѾһĺ߳ӿ߻һӿɾΣӿ
Ůϣһ˿Ѫɫޣٴκȥ뿪ԽԶԽá


1972 ɱѪ
ŮֱӱˣһŮģЩͨѪ϶֪Ů֣ҪȻŮҲðɫȵȶΡ
ԣӿѪŮﱻ˺ͳһǴˣ
ɱһʣѪǿЦѡ
ϼʵڶѾʧˣɱĲҲ޺ۼѪûиоʲô쳣վڳߵŮȴӿ־ˣΪозǳŨɱͨӣԱȥ
ŮףŮٴѣѪѾǰˣٶģЩɵѪǾӸµվڳбϿգʢȻغȵɱǡǡɱǡˡ
˹Ȼ˵ǵĻ˵÷ǳɬ죬ϼЦǵ׼úܳȻѧǵԣ
û˵ȥֱж˱ʾһָɱߣ罣üģ¡һը죬ѪʵĹ
ըΧѪʱһ㶣ȴŮ˲񣬸ϽǵԣһڹѪϤתͷŮɻ
ɻѵʱ򣬳Ѿ̤ǰһ̤£ɱң̶Ӱ쵽ڵɱˮһ
ǺѪɱͳҪĶҩѪȫƲڵɱֻؿԼ屻ɱŰ̶ϱٽţѪͷɡ
ÿһŶĲҽ̤֮Ѫ£ЩܷеѪͲܷУɱҵһɲǣ׹ȥȻû׹ڵأͻѪꡣ
ȫһ浹ɱŮѾˣظоˣȸսʱǿ˺ö౶Ů﷢ѪֽС
ϽС˳СǺɵѪȫѪǳǵӿĹԽԽ࣬ʵҲԽԽǿڳ϶ѡ
ֻеǿеˡ
ûЩѪ˷ʱ䣬߲֮վѪǳǵ߽ϣǳħ϶ɣлʨб
ײ㣬һֻ޴Ǽܣ߲㣬һֻǣ۷崦ף
Ӱո£һȴӵص𣬡Ͻۣ֮һ˿켴ɱӿϣϵ˵һ˵úģ֪ЩѪԭ˵ԣʲôԡ
ųϵĻЩɱȫ˳ڿռ䣬󺣣˻Ҳ𣬵ص״𾪵һβĹڵתȵѪɱ
ڣᰶ档
Ǹ˾ģ
ǡ
ٲһնɱˣûпѾΣյľ𣿡
ǣڡ
Ϣ֮ѪǳϡðһѪɫһ˵Ѫ𣿡
Ͻ壬Ȼ㶨Ѫ֮С
ŮﻹŹ֮ƣЦ֪һѪɫð𣿡
֪
֪
Ѫǧ򻯣ƾ㡭
Ů䳰ȷϵ˵ӡ£˵֮ðһѪŮ󾪣ȴ˵ֻǡɺϡ
Ǭλϣ֪Ǭλ𣿾۾󿴣ǸһԲĽ
ŮԿȥպÿһѪڣ˵ʮദޱȷŮ￴ЩѪ֮ðһ
ס𾪣Ůֵ֪ҲƲѪ͵ű˵ԩծ
һЦǵ˵ѪҲһһǧ˴ۣžŰʮһģαôСһǧ󷨣ѪȱݣҲܷӳʵʮ֮һɣʮ֮ʱֻ뵽ô࣬ľˮԿ֮֮ǡ
ⷬѾ˵Ůһһ㶵ģЦϲǣ󣡡һ䣬Ͼɱؽһն£Х
Ůֱؽ³һɳѪѪŰȥ֮Сǳǣ飻ѪϣУſεɱ
ˣѪ֮ǿ
ʮϢʱ˳ϽվϽͷ֮⣬ĹǳȫŮĿ֮һƬǼĿꡣ
ѪȥĲǹǳǣѪˣѪȫݻ٣ȴ֮ɫζƴɱȻѾˣǾͳ鳾ɣʬǱЩ£
֮ʱȴ뵽ԯ֮ǣҲǹͷȴƫƫʶ񶼲֪ζԴԯˣҲ֪ԯЩѾȫĹͷпܵ᲻Ӱ졣
ͷƮԶ֮ʱϽµϽǳǣͻҡžһɺ䣬üͷһ壬һ̤¡
Գܹԯ֮ǶʵЩɱʴվõĹͷܵ˳ϵȫһʱϽǳǵͷ㶼Ϊĩ
ǹɺҲ֮٣
ɡ
һȣȴûзӦϼ˵ϲƲԣԷˡһָգһţʮѪڿգʮѪĽ⳯Ŵأȴһѣ⳯ϡ
䣡


1973 ֽŵ
䡱ֺȳʮѪƿֱ֮£һѪȴϣɢŨɱĻɫƶС
ʱҽ
ţӰƵضҲһֻǷ˵Ѫܹվڳǰģоֻ˵ѪֻѪ°ӣҲǲ֮룬а׻
ЩԳ˵ʲôֵþȵĶȵȴһֻѪ°Ȼͱܣսδôǰ°һģһ
һĻԺ͵һ⣬˥ͼڴ½Щʧȥǿߵͼ壬ˡ롢ʨӡܡЩͼڴ½ϵĲӦĪѪؾͼڴ½йϵʬǣͼڴ½µֻǣΪʲô඼ħ̬״̬ȴΪϡأ
뵽Щ뵽ԽԽĶԼֱӻǼӵس˹ϵһּ֪ǰЩѪﵽôĳ嶯
ûбֳҲûоȥ㣬ѧǻԱȥѰζǣԣһʱ뵽Ĳǲ㣬ѻ
ˣΪɱˣ
ԼģͲô䡣
飬ܴ棬Ϊ岻ܴ棿ʲôɻ壿
ֻʨѪķŭˣ쳣ķŭЩ죬Ŵ˹˵ȷʵھǵǣңɣ𣿡
϶Щ˵ĻɣԽԽأҲǷϻֱһ̤ȥһתѻоѻЧ֮ʱһЩЩ꣬Ȼˡ
ѻһѣӻҵϢûеȳѲȫֻʨѪͳܲסѻܣˡ
ҲûջЩҵϢóЩ𾪣ϿվʨѪǰİ׻ѪѪ״ȣԱõЩϢ
׻ѪһݣʱҪԱɻɱӿϵ־Ѿ˰׻ѪԴϣѻʩչ˵ǰҲǾͲ
ˣȥɣҪͬھ
ֻѪֻɱһӣһѪУϡ
ϣѾİѪϲԡǻĲȥ˵й֮޲
ϵ˭
ţͬİ׻ѪֻͬʱʣѪֻѪЦˣ㻹еֻȥɣ
㲻ܡ
˵껭ģѪǶȵȴѪﶼסˣѪؾ֮⣬ҲʩչģûнЩѪﶨãܿͱѣǽѪؾɱܺ󣬳˿ĶУմȾɱ
ԣܶЩʵ൱ǿѪϢʱ䣬ϱŻ꣬һֱͣػŶģڿռγɣʹþһҲϢԴԴϣҪȻϻֲ
תۼ䣬ֻѪҲˣϵõϢǻңüͷֻʨѪʱΪʨѪﱻ˵̫ˣǸżȻ
׻ѪҲżȻ
ӶżȻѾóⲻżȻǱȻһ˲䣬Ͼ뵽ؾʱԼĿȨĳ
ǵֽ꣬ţ򣬶Ȼ
һץѪûʩչѻӿܹˣָӣѪﱻϵľٶĪʵʲô
˿̵ĳϣѾʧȥɵ飬ûֻǽܹӸָò󣬲ʩչѻ˾ٶ֤ǵ𣬲Ϊԭ
ʱѪ꣬ˣûµ䣬һָȥɱ磬ܵ°ϸնϡ
Ȼԭ˭ǵֽţֻҪһͻǵֱ𣬲ңõϢǳңǻҵĻãֻЩϢһʵ
ԭȳϾۺǵļ䣬õһΪϢڣ·Բͨ϶ѪĶģ˵ǲѪؾģ

ѪЦ㲻֪ģԶҲ֪ģˣҲģɱǣմȾǵϢһġ
Ҳ˵
Ҳ˵
Ļش𣬳ûȥΪ֪ҲʲʲôǵϾѾǵ־ԣܸɴأӿɱؽ֮ϣǬת͡ǬľתǬԪնѪֱӱն롣
ͬһ˲䣬Сƿм
һһѪֻжɣϽնɱȥǹﻹǲȻͬĺ󳾡
ֻʣ·Ѫˡ
ʵأԸԸԸԸ˵
Ѫ۾־壬ת˲䣬ֱһ̾ϢղŵΪ뿴һܹܲǵ־ռϷ磬û뵽ǵ̫ϡ
ֻýնɱ
˿ֻ̣ʣ³ŮŮѾȫ㶴ˣһƽնмӵĳǰϺ㲻ú
пܣǹȳһԡ


1974 
ŮһֱЩѪһǾˣųϽˣһնɱǰŮﱯʹ޲ýʬΡ
ϧʵŮֻܽʹתһŭԴйеʹȻ˵仰Ůһסˣκ̧ͷųϣʵղ˵ʲô˵һ顣
пܣǲһģȻֻпܡ
ҲȷõϢʵ̫ڻң˵ҲڶѪǶ̬ȶѣŮغܣ˵òģǾҵˡ
Դˣûȥֻ˵ʲô֣
ᰡ
ΪգһΪѪءֹһ䣬һ飬ȫϣһüͷ켴չ˵߰ɡ
ȥ
ȻųϣͲóȥڴ˾֮£᰻ϣϳһȥΪãԣȻŭʣȴЩ
ӡ
۾͵رðЩŵؿųϣһ棬ȷ˵ģȴһ䣬Ҫȥӣ
㲻һֱϣȥ𣿡
Ц˵ӣòȥΪܲܲ鵽ѪΪʲôѪؾˣҲЩѪѳģǲôطҲڿᰵķӦҲȷ
ǵģ
ҧгݵ˵켴ǰȥСȴڴ˴һǿ᲻ỹѪﵽУһźɱ
󣬳һѽڸץǰȥ˵ҲҪҪȻʵݣĸ˭㶼Զ֪ˡ
ĸ
ĸ֣ȻᰵģһɱĵӿҲͲںûϧˣϲ֪᰼뿪󣬵ϵѪĩûг鳾ԶС״Ϭ̴ȥ
ʱķĩٴαɢǣĴɢҵķĩһСɻһλȥҪЩĩֱСɢɢٴۡ
ػأǧٻأСһγȥһأСǵײѪѪ£ЩĩѪһܣͽʵһ𣬵úĩ۳һСǣ¶ȴ벻ףʵϣСûȥ룬ֻǼɱȥ
ΣĩûɢȴǱС˸ʬСվǰ棬Ÿʬڷ仯СζţоĶȥѪЩһ
СٴѪǸʬָòˣȥѭǧκ󣬸ʬȫʧˣĩҲûˣСȻ÷ǳĪʱСӿʼ仯
һߣϴᰵӡ
ӣʮɿȴǺبڳǰͬһ򣻲Ҳǰң֮ңΪʱʱڱ䣬ʱ䳤ʱ̡
ϲ֪ӵԴͷǾͷеһأ֪ǣеɱȻޱȣĲˮ۳Һ̬ɱ
ɱҺ
üͷ壬ѪؾȫɱԭӵĴڣѪؾеɱγɱ֮ӣ
ˣԺ뵽Щȥؾؾһԯ֮ǵСݣƻؾһʬǵĶѨѪؾһӡ
ƺһЩһʱ֮䣬ǲҪ죬϶˵֪٣
᰿˳һۣ˵뵽ĸ⼸֣ӿ˵֪Ҳֻ֪࣬Ƕ̤Уһ̤ȥͻᱻеɱ٣ֻڡ
ڣ
Ǹ֮ġ
Ŷ
һطܹȡɱ֮ҺһȫµҺ壬̷֮󣬷÷ǳǿ
ɱ֮Һǿ
϶ӣͣؾ׽ţʱ˰죬˵УпڴдһЩʵǳˡ

ز׽У
ǵġᰵͷ˵ǰ⣬ͦʣÿӣоͻƽնһ֣ʱжʮʱҲ
㿴ǹհǴʱʲô𣿡
ʱýԶҲ濴ֻԼЩ˺û°ᰱ˵ϸŵʱĳϽŴЩõĻҼ䣬˸²⣬ӣͨؾ֮⣬Ļܹܺõؽ˵Щˡ
ţ͵ʵܼжٹ
Ӧкüǧɡ
һ֮ǰأ
ʮڡ
мꣿ
ǧꡣ
ÿһж೤
⣬ͦǧǺƽ¡
üͷøʱ䣬Щ̫࣬ǣ֪ôֳ𣿡
һʣ᰸סˣ˰죬˵ǵ϶һѣѾͻµˣﻹһ֣Ǿÿһڳʱ򣬶ᵽϽ¥һöҿǵҩӳܶ


1975 ս
Ȼǹ
˵õϢһۺϣѾһЩ磬Ҫǳ׽ЩʣǰӾǹؼеĹؼ
վоʲôֻҪһӴ̸еɱ
˳һξ룬ٸʩչһ֮󣬳ԾУӱǻģɳȥʱӿǧˣӿ
ɱУڽɱɱ꣡
ϸоѪﴫʹ̾һ䣬ͬʱ۳ʵڶ˵Ǿͽɱ֮ܣ״ͨǬĵڰ
ʵڶһֳЩɱ֮ˣȫһʵڶϽеɱڿռ䣬ڿռ価ǿͬʱȴʹЩѪⱻ飬ͷ
Զ᰸ͿЩ棬ȴоֲɱлҲסزҲ뵽һ⣬ڵطʹ˷ǿΪʲô֪ҵȴΪʩչطأѵ˵ģǲһ࡭
£
棬ϱɱ߸оɱɱǴģ⣬ЩɱΪǷǿĹá
תʮӹȥƾųϵĺеɱȴһûм٣оЩϸȷԴͷңпܣԴͷѪؾ֮С
Ŵɱӿ룬仯ļԽԽԣرЩϢ͸ͬʱϻо粻һЩƽ⡣
Ʒʱ϶ԡƽ⡱оĥҲȽ͸ʱϸϸһᣬ֪һЩɱΪǽԷֳĻʱʢ˥Ҫָƽ⣬͵ɱӦΪӦġ

뵽ʱȴ֪Ӻϵõ㹻ģôӦİҪջ˼ȫʱԺȴǳͻأֳ˵һοʱĻ档
һһ˾ϵ
Ϻǲ죬һ£ȴûףǣȴû֮֮һߣ磬ԺԼֵģ벻Ǻ˼룬иж˵Ǵ飬壬Ԥʾ֮䣬ĳйϵ
ˣϼĥš
ĥʱ򣬾ĴĳУһڵҺ壬ȴڼؼ٣ԶӰⲽΪϮһѪ£Ѫ²˸оޱȵ䣬·ֻҪһۣ궼ѣѪһ˵ڴڣѾ˰ɡ
ռƻʥ½ѾǵĿ֮ˡ
ãЩ˸췭ظԪ֮ɱȥһٰǡ˵ţѪͻؾ쵽Ծһǰе״ɫ䣬ѿھȵ⵽׷ʲô£ɱ֮Դôڴ٣⣿飬ȥ飡
߸Ͻȥ飬ͬʱ˲㣻Ҳʱ׼ţȲ֧⣬жϳ֧ϵǣųˮƽ½ԽԽ죬Ȳסˣţ㣬㣬֧⣿
ˣڲ飬ʦѾڲˣϾܹó
߸ϽȷʵǸʦˣѾԼ켣ǳΪչȥȻʮϢ󣬻ûнѪ˵ڳ½ƵԽԽʵǰѾĥˣȵٸϢĹҪ㲻Ϳˡ
Ѫ˵Ļֱʦ꣬ʦһʵпԣ˵ϢʱֻҪܽ켣ȻջأǾ֮ˡ
ʦ˿̵ľƣѾǷǳΣˡ
ʵʦ㿪ȥĵһ˲䣬УǣҪȥһɹʱһɷ켣һҲ켴ʧ
˱仯Ȼǳϵķ
ĥ͵иУɳȴһʱסûзӦô¶ʵΪûоʦƴɱȫûо飬ûһ롣
˲Ϣ󣬳ʶʲô£ѿںȵ㣬֮ʱϾͽۻȫ
ϵʵۻˣһۣԶռ֮ʦܵ˷𣬽ţϽ켣һԶչȥûвʦƴɱԼ˼ϵ£ҪԼзŭĻ
ʱ䣬翣ȫȻ׽켣Ȼʱͽʦ켣ҧź켣ӿʦȫ˰Χ֮С
ʦҲоԾԷ켣ںʱ־ƣͺͽʩչɱйˣͬʱһûУܸݹ˳ϡ
ԣȻʦ쵽ԷĹɬȫһˣۻֻܷܰ£ʦ֧ܿŲסˡ
ټѪôһȣʦľң켣ӻңһ䣬ʦƽʱʮ֮һʵӲֻܿԼ켣
ѪʦǴݳ˲Ϣٶ˥š
һߣеĳϣȴоʦƴɱǳ˼ڷֶԷ͹켣ʱϷͬʱԺð뷨̿ǿ̿ʲô켣ܲأ
һ


1976 
ϸûôʱȥ˼ҲûӿѭҲûиôȥ̱˵켣ԣȫȻƾűܷӦγһ
ֻ켣ϣǾǡ֮Ķˣϸս켣γɺڶʦ켣УϸоɺϷ
켴ϾòԾڶֻǽ켣ѣȴû̵ǲһľͲ𣿡
ʦȴоԼҪˣеĲȫ飬켣Ҳ첻ȥǰ˲ĹȵȣҲһʹе㣬ͬ
ȻһϢʱ䣬ʦѾˡ
켣㣬ʵֻҪ֪Է켣ʲô𣿡ôһéٿĸо
ʱѪѾŭˣϢʱѾˣûɣ
ˣԷǡ
ȥɡ
Ѫ˵ޱȱ䣬մʦĶɱȻնʦ꣬ȫϣûˣҲʧȥУʱо죬Щ켣͵ޱȻң縡ƼűŪǸڶ˽ȥ
ʲô
ȫȻͷΪԷʲôıɢȥĴѰûְŽ˻̵켣Ҳűջȴ룬ֻǶУ㲻ʲô̡
̫ˣĪǶԷͫһˣ˼֮£ϾֻôһˣҰŪİɣ켣ϻдֻҪͣҸл켣ΪƼʱҲͦлһҲϵ
ʣ̤
ԷںδԶ켣ܴ޴ţͻ뵽һûȥ⣬ϲ˵ΪһЩ켣ܲܲ㵽
أϾҪȥ飬סˣΪоеɱϢøŨƷ׺ҲΣˣǲǾҵĻ
ϲٷģǣȴǸĶ棬ȫɱ塣
߳û֣ǱߵѪȴѾЪڵֱҪˣʦɱˣǰȥûвóɳеɱԴҺ併ٷȣȴԽԽ죬Ѫ˶ɻɣٶȷչȥɱԴҺʧɸɾ
Դͷɢȥ֧гǧԴͷ֧ӣֱģǳӣӵѪ˶ȫƿصĵزȻǷֹ˴֧׷ٵԴͷ
ڣȴϣʯͷԼĽţ
ңЩ֧ҪѳӵɱԴҺȥǲܵ飬Ѫ벻ףⲻܵ飬Ȼͳʵ
ѪЩˣﻹŻңΪǳǧ֧һĵɱԴҺҲһζѣ˿̣ȴҪǮˮһ˳ȥֹһΣֱܻ۳Ϫˡ
ŨɱԴҺ˭յˣ
յģԲһǿߡ
ѵѪؾǱ߳⣿
Ѫ뵽⣬˲ַܣѪؾ£ʲôźˣ֮ǰҲûκ⣬ڵѪؾҽôܵأ
һȦѪ˵ȲȫˣΪпܳһֱ֧ӸˣɱԴҺȻ½Ѫ˲аն˺üûеõκθĹۡ
ѪѾڵѪˣնϵЩ֧ɵʧѾ޿ɹˣļƻشӰ죬ֹѪﻹùһ㣬ǣ˿ôޡ
Уɱ֮ҺԽԽˣǣƷԽԽߣߵ϶ļ֮ˣãûһʼͽӴɱҪȻڿռ仹ɱնϡòŹ֡
ڿռ伸ǳϵĸҪڿռˣϾ㵱ʱҲ߲Ѫؾˣȴֲ˼
ͬʱҲоɱ֮Һķ̤ǰ
һߣѪǿԼ侲ˣڿлص˭жñҪɲһˡ
£Ѫһ֧һ֧նתۼ䣬֧նѪ˵õֻʧ޵ʧҲʧöˣʧľĳ̶ȣѪ˸оʹˣһضţֹٷѰ깦򣬽Щ֧ٴοٳ
һۣǧϹѪס֣͵ؿͨӡ֧ɱ⻯ʵĪѪؾ⣿
ʱѪ˴ȣˣ
ˣϾܲ
ˣ㣬Ѫؾǲǳ⣬ǰŵĲһ
ǡ
һ켴񱼿ȥһأûʱ䣬Ͳˣֻ߻ڴսս
Ѫ˼״ЩţʵѪؾ⣿
ˡ
˵
ǣʦ㵽Ƕˣ
ʲô
Ѫ˴󾪣ٴζֱ֧죬ѪûʱȥնϣǻѪⱬ̶۳һֻƣԽԽ󣬴ﵽ۷ʱԽԽССһɱԴҺ
ôߣ̵Ҳν
Ȼɫȫ԰׵ѪˣһɱԴҺŽͨӡ֧УѪ㲻Ҫ𣿱̣̣̣
У
ߣҲ߲ˣѾߵѪؾıԵţЩɱҺܹǱȻϵϵ
ţͷһ


1977 ӥãã
ѵԵǰߣȴǰ·Ѱֻȴ⽫ЩƷԽԽߵɱ˵һΣԤ
Щɱ氵Σգ
ʣɱȻ͸գܹơܡǣһţһţǰɱܻûȫܳܵļޡ
ΪʲôΣУ
ϲҺֱɲʲôµһ֮±˶ȥҪϢɱ¾Щ˵̫ѡ
ԣûзΣڣҲڵһʱжڿռɱ֮ϵ׼ȫѾɱ˵ѾЩɱ֮ŵһЩʶϢ
ڳϵʵڶҪȫʧһɲǣǵڽɱԴҺеҺΣݵٶȣײʵڶһ˿϶
ͬһ˲䣬͵һ飬ˣͬʱջʵڶܵҪʵڶϧǳˣǵɱԴҺײڿռ
ɱǼ䣬ɱԴҺ¶Ŀ͵һֻɴСƣֱѪˣЩлûбʴѪ⣬ֱޣͷҲͣ
Ϻɣȥ춴һѣõ˴󲿷ֵԯ֮ǣôڴʱ˿̣ĹͷѾȫˡ
ֻܵӰ죬Ѿ䵽أΪĿڿռ䣬أƸԻͷǿ޵ӴֱӱѹڵأֿûС
ؽնƣȴ岻ãɥӵ꣬ٶȣԶƣǻѵһ룬Ҳֿסѡ
СŮӵССҲܵӰ죬ǳ˯֮еϢҲҡ
ǸأҲҪǿƿ
һж㲻ʲôصǣϵڿռ䣬ʼҡǳҵĶҡȺɽڽʯɽҡڣҶƮ䣬ƤѣȪˮڱڸɺԣǱܼͦߵգŻɫɫѪɫɫ壬һͬбǳ໥ֱҪײ
ȫһĩٵĻ棡
ңֵֻƣȻڱתۼѴʮɴС
Щ˵ʵˣʱ䣬ָһӶѣϵĵһѪû꣬ڿռǸڿռ٣Ҳסʱӵɱ
УСڡСŮǿɶ桭
û˿ɣϵڿռﻹܵҪ۳ʵڶȵȹֹƼ󣬵Ȼܽá
Ȼףȴʮּѣÿһͱ޴ڵĹնЩɢš򡱵ζ
ǣȴȳģоġ򡱣ҪŨԸǰƱһűֽ
˵ڡϣѾ߳˷ǳһֻƵˣϣѾʵɽ壻ʳȣһֻǳǿ׳ӣܹܹߵò̫ԶĲӣˣһֻӥ߸߷Ĳӥ
ӥҪץӣǼֵ֮£ûа⣬رֻӥȫһץ
ĳѪɫò԰ף廹Щֻ֪ƾŻȻѪ˿еɱԴҺֹͣ½ϣȻǳѵõ¶ЦݣţƸֹͣ˵ʵҲôǿҲһֻץӣһҼƻɱԴҺֱѰ
ѪؾǸƻƻѪʱûȥ룬ϸϸоǾǳңԶ֮ƴɱ˵ȫƴɱһһǣӮռϷ磬ƣܸо
˿̣Ѫ˸оģԼȲʤȯ
ȷʵĳϣ൱Σգ󷨿ռһνӴα֮ĹҪΣգǻֶΣڣֻӵһʮ֮£ϵһֶΣʩչֻҪһƣͻرնɱ
ǣϲûзʱ͵ڻ
ƴڼתɱȥԸƣȴֺѪɱԸһô˵ᱻ𣻲ңЩɱƸȥƼ
ҵҵô̵ģ
ݻ˼άתһߣɱУɱأɱȫȫ෴ĶǲɱǴůϢǺɱʴϢǡ
뵽취òϣϲȱɱȴȱֲɱʴϢһ·Ȼ죬ȴδ
еĻֻܴˣɱΪҪһԺеʱֳ֡
£öǰ
ϼİǿƵɱǰһ˻ĲϿ֧ţǸƳȥԴ˻һƵŰͬʱ˼Χšչȥ
һԺȻһͼһǳλĺȻ棬⸱һʱ϶һЩ飬뵽ˡתơĸ֡
ӵ޿ƥеԼڵǳѨתڿռǳںҳײȴƫԭ
˭
׼˷ȴƸôʱȥһһãҪһᣬȻҲٲƣ
ʱֻ۱


1978 ಫ
ֵǿᣬȻȫܹסֵܣǣֳֳЩšֻܣôһ㡣
ʱȻȻͳ˳һѡ
ڿռ䣬εøɳȫᣬúãټֻƽڿռŪúƲɣޱһóϵ˵£Ҳûע⵽ڿռЩطܵӰ첢Щطֻ࣬ʮ
ͬʱֻԽԽˣԽؾƵԽ顣
죡
˲ϢƻҪֻչʱž˸ϡãŵĶȫɢ䡢ɽ
еţ͡顱һɢܸ÷ĩеĵ䵽˵ϣֻѾǷֳɺüġ
ҲûȥϸⶴʲôñֻΪڿռǿһһرѿƬҲˣԭΪظڣܹµڶ֮١
ӣϸû뵽֮ٵ⣬ܶȹµΣһʣǴӳԺ羪
ΣĪҵĻⳡΣ֮У
һѽֻչ˿Һ⡰ֻܱɴ򿪣ϵһҪѾǧܴ򿪵Ļʱĳϣп
ֻչ֮󣬻ôƽޱȣǸ߶Ƚֻµϣڣʲô֡
Ȼֻһ⣬Ҳпˡ
һϢʱѹֻûа㷴ӦϾһϢڡжȹʮ忴Ҫãֱѹڡֻϣת֡
ֻ͵رޱȵĹâϵһȫͬϸоâЩʧΪâǳǰģ޾İȰο֮жŨɱһ
ֻƣҲâֹͣ˱ɱҲ
һг϶ɰϢʱ䶼͵һ飬˹ȻǰġֻǳȫֻҪһᣬɡֱֻӰסˡ
ǣϲܽһϣȫڡֻϣһֻͻȻˣôڶûˣԣϰԼļƻж
ɲǼ䣬ǳȻӿƶ켣ѰǳѨϸбķʽתţУ˿̼˥֮ʣϴǳѨϡ
ôʱֻƿʼһ־ûжָͷʼĴָСָָͷ֮䣬͹âնֱնֻ
ǣ֮һ·̶ûܴùȫʧˣǹâȻô͵ɢţָͷø죬ŭ𣬡뻯ҵɱܣ
ңԶ֮ѪˣҲԸоˣһЦɱ˭ܻˣӦþֶ˰ɣǭ¿㻹
ͬһ˲䣬ڿռֻƵָͷҲ˻Уɢ͹âͬΣš
һĻĻеľȣӿʵ˵ҲȻôͣǣĿǰɱмȥ󣬻ɱиѡǧ򻯵ĹǰԤ󷨡֮࣬ѶҲǼ
ͺɱСʶһ
Ǿˣǲûнŵϵĳս⣬ɱʶ֮ս⣬޾ţޱߵ⣬ȫǴ̼ǿϡ
ڶ̶ʱڽǳѨֿʮ֮󣬳̧ͷ죬һ˫ֱסƣʮغȵתƣ
ʱڿռƬϣǳâ⣬Ƭնǳ磬ֻʣǳǳܻ࣬Ź
䣬һɰڿռŰۣأ۳һֻȭͷģڿռɢóɱ
ȻȫװУȴһżЩǳı仯ǰ֮ԴֻһֶΣһðǿ͵ֶΣϼԼʱҪľ˭棬˭İһйɵأ϶֮ɢ
ԶᰣѾһˣ˵ȫϣҶǳƣǻϢĴɢʱоԼͺǧٻһ
ʲôˣں˭ƴɱҵ˭
ʣһֱᰵʲôһ״ȫ˲ˣðŨϲȻܹư˵ڴ˾£Ȱ˷һЩǾ仰˵һ˻ĥ
ʱͻطֻ֣͹âȥˣֻʣ³İӦֻƣңԶѪ˸оԼɱٴվϷ磬һЦʴɱؼ仹ûгأ
ʧȥ͹âĶƣٳָһץֱҪð۳ɵȭͷһ飬ٴپ޴Σɱãɻ̫ǿ
˲䣬ͷڳԺӿϿǡֻâһȻȣ͵컻գ


1979 ̫ȭ
ֻâȥƾֻųϵİף˿ǰһȭԲƵĶ֣ǣϲûбܿ
Ҫľһǰ
ƺδ棿
ֻһǰžǺ
һʽ͵컻ա͵ߵĲܣұܹ಻͵ֻƱ
ǣֻ
ϵģǳϵİȭͷ
ڳ͵컻աǷǳһֻ֣ȴûȫ͵Ѿڿռ䡣
ǣƻǱϡ͵ƶôֺһУԳ˵Ѿ㹻ˣʩչ֮ʱȴûȫơ͵Ҫôױ͵Ҳᵽ䵽㾳ء
һȭ
ô˻ᣬһȣ£ȭͺ䵽֮ϣɢһͣϵİȭȴѾײϡˡ
һͣˣ
ȭˣûа־ɥץʱ۰ղŽʵһȭѾõҪĶǱϻʶƣȻ򵥣ƲˣҪĨɱٴ۰Ļᡣ
ʱϡĵֻײ֮ϣܱһУϳȭ֮ʱȻ뵽ΪֹڳϵԤ֮С
ϵô֮ţΪֻ֪ܹΪֵʱ䣬ԤϵģҪǰһͻȻûˣϽᡣ
ȭͷٴγΣΣظоȭͷ۳ɵİȻԭȵǿ˰ٱֹеĴ仯óЩԾת˲֮䣬׹Ҳһܹܹƶİǿ
ϵľȻûԶΪֻٴɢ˹âεĹâ͵ģǰŨȻ˫
ûȥƣȴȭͷ۶ȥ
ҪǣϿѾǡ֣ǳϵһοĳóһһĳ
һʲôһʲôǶ
ͷֱôɱǶ𣿡
أԺԶĳԾȻϻһݣˮɰ㣬ѿɱΪΪһľ
һأһʲôʲô
죿ԣ
أҲԣ
Ǿʲô
︺߱һ壬ʹһ֮Уڰ׹ĵڶҳô˵ģһһһ̫
ϵͷֱһֻȻ֮У·صƿճϲ˵̫һ̫̫
òƳͨЩĿǰľûʲôֱӵİûһ׾ͽ̸Цҷǣ̩ͨĳϣòȫ췭ظı仯Ѫ֮鲻ȴ͸ŨϢرǣǱڰٳ߸ͷƣһʵı仯
۰ٶȸ죬ƷʸߣټϡֻɢİһϢ䣬۵ֻȭͷΪʵˡ
ֻϵܻˡһںֹͣˣǣûǰһʧֱء֣ʩչˡġһס
Ϣ󣬡ֻâʧûкϣôڿУҲֹƵŰЩɱ
ٴѹ£ӭȭϣ¡ը죬紺ʻһȭֻһͣһȭȴѴﵽƱһ͵ĵز
Ȼϵȭͷٴαˡ
ƣҾ
һ֮󹥻ֵĵ䣬۳һȭͷһǰغȥ
䡭
תۼ䣬ȭϵڿռ仹ûб𣬷̶ȣǰһЩֻƵǱС˲٣ܵ˵ռơ
ҲŴˣѪ˵ڸ翹ʲôأǳһЩʱˣǣȻҪģӥҪץãӻܻˣ
ҲȥȻܹȷԼĥ϶ֻܽƸĥǣҪǼƵĻʲôͨŪһֻģͳԲˡ
رǻνġ
ҪǿУ㲻һ̨ףҲҪǿٱ
ŷһȦ϶ϵǳֶܹʹǿȥ£ͷԺһ΢Ľһ㲻ʲôļ䡣
ǻڶǣսһڣӭսȺ֮ʱǸѪ³ѪĻ棬Щ˵ۡ
棬ûʲôˣڴ˿̣ȴһ֧㣬ó˳֧㣡
ǳΪֶǿҵȻΪֶΣΪֶΣң±ҵڿռУȻܣ
Ȼ֣˳޿ƥеƣϿգ̶Ŀ֮ϣðȭһȭһȭȥŵ˵ӥãǿֵǣˣҲ֮ɱӥֻҪڲӥ֮ǰڵأֻҪڲӥŵ֮ǰɵţֻҪһ֮ŵǡôԽӥع۶ϣ븭࣬ʹӥض
ⷬңԶѪˣȻûֻЩͷˣɱʱδ̫ˡ
˿̣֣֮ץգسҪճҪ³


1980 ̫
ź
նȾա
ҫâһ¹ɴ£
һĻ˿϶ԾѣѺĵһξͳԾˣԣǰⳡ
ҪֶΣͬУ
Ҫǡ͵ջ£
͵ջ£
ֻ֮֮ҫڶ
һʹõýȶڿռ䣬һ󶯲ѣǣ֮У۰ٶȣֹżӿٱҰƷҲ˳ϵԤϣٴηһʵı仯һ¥
ʵ͵ջֶΣĥƣóƸǿӶð㣬ذᴩʡ
˴Σδ͵գδܻ£ֻڽһ³Űս־ǶҲһĴ
ͺñһҪͻƣΪ֮ߣͻƳɹĴ⣬ʮ㣬ҪԸ߸裬Ǹ϶֮εƣͻʧܵģаܲٵľƽͣʮȻ
Բܣ
ǸΪ֮ģڲʱ֮ͻƽΪ֮ƣܲڽڸ
ԣ˲仯ʵİȭͷһǰȭȥȭͷѾɢȴһ飬϶ƣ˵ҾһǲӥʨӣҶǡһ֣
Ϣ䣬۳ɵȭͷúԼȭͷһСûɢʲô۹âʵ޻ǣͨͨȭͷ棬ȴǬ
ȭͷ棬̺ŵǳġ̫ǡһһ
÷ֳʤˡ
һ켴һһ˵ӷһȥ̫
£ϴȭͷһǰȥָצһҪץȭͷļʽȻڳײһ˲䣬ưȥΪģѺۣĴɢ
ţܼ˥ȥûȭͷһɰ֮״̺ġɱܣɺ㡣
һȱɱ
Ͻɱȫڿռ䣬ڿռָͬʱȥģйڡйڡ̫йڡ⡭
Щһڽȥʱظоڿռǰһڡ֮١ģɢġǿʡϢڿռͷų֮ǰŨ
оϢϺоˡһԲͨϵֻǴӲľ
ǻ𣿡
Լȴûио֮١а㽵ٵļ󣬡Ļδǲ˶ֻѪؾеԵʣ
УϿֻľ󣬺һϻһݣϽۿȥȴֻѾĻֻ϶˱仯Ϊڿռ䷢ı仯仯ģ
ϲ²ǾһĹƾǡһĶҲ²⣬Ҫٴδ򿪻֣ܿϺ밴ղ²ǣȴòȥ顣
ǾǿپǳѨϣ
ᣬɾҪȵڶ֮٣ڶ֮Ҳ֣ÿÿоҪˣȴٳδûȥһֻͨʣһǬڰ˷һϢʱ䣻һߣѪ˿ɾŭǳˡ
ƿƵʱѪʱ͸оˣϵһʱ両ֳģŭǲסǵҺûе֮ʱԷǿ󣬺пܲ˼ǣӴоʱֵľûˣеֻǲӥãֵͷ
Ǹоظӥãûֵӥˣţת˲Ѫ˻ָ֮󣬲תɷŭ
ɱ֮Уܱһֻƣˣ˭֮ãպسɴ󻼣ӣѪؾһƻ㱻ƳҲв֮ߣǣڱˣҪҪǻȥӣ
УѪߵӱߣξѪξѪ͸ɱԴҺ̶֧ǺһʩΪһʱ䣬³һ֣
ʱ˿̣ϸոսǬڰȫͨ׼ͨھкΣУ֮ǰûҪӿΪ͡
ȳϲȡκδʩӱѿɱ֮УѪŰ
ϿĲӱըѪؾѷ죬ѷ֮һƬƬڣҹƺ޼ǣɢϢóϻѪէ
Σ
ûо⣬Ծʮ㣬ΣͬʱҲζţĻ
ѪؾѷĴУһȻǿװףǣǸ֪淢ʲô飬ֻоŨٱǧɱ˳
䡢սһ˶Ʒˡ
ʲô£
𣿡
ЩѪǲǾҪˣ

У͸ѷ죬÷һƬѪɫްֻѪǣȴ𣬷·бѪ˵ĶҪ
Ҫɱȥȴѷ춼£
ѪؾҪ𣿡
ţ͵ѪһڣȣãΣӣ


1981 ⽻
ãΣӣ
һ뾪֮Уʵϣʲô£Ѫؾ𣿡
ǣǡ
˵ţǮͻȻ洳˽Ե˵ţսˡ
ǲв𣿻ӦЩЩԤϵû٣˱Ƚȫİš
ţԶԶǵĹƣ빥ڵûҪϺܶࣻڡšڵȵȫڷ˽ʥ½Ѿʧأδ½Ĵ
Ǯⷬʹɫ䣬ȻƾЩԵסǮ˵һѿھȵڡΪҲ뵽
֪ǵϢϵģǰģѾȫˣ绹ʲôԴڵļƻЩ룬Ƕ޴ӿ֪
ڴڻжΧܲԶ
Ǯ飬Ҫжأص³ڵڸ֮⣬ûκڵʮһ
ǮڵĻԺֱֳģǡΣһ۶Ѫؾ黹ûнֳô£ν⽻ѹѪؾ룬Ҳ׽Щ϶Ҫ۴ڣҪٴڵĸ̤ƽ
һ˿ϣϸղ˵Ǿ仰ΣָĲѪؾдڱҲ벻Ϊʲôôڣڡǰ㲻һ⣬ңôһֵϵ棬Ӧòжٰɣ
һУ͸Ź죬ƫƫǳˣˣһҪڸ׻ļʽͱضҪõӦ棬ڸ棬Ǿ˵
ص飬һĨâǴڱֶܸԴڷƣ˵滹йأйصġ
һӰѾ˵Ժ˿̣Ŀɫ԰ףϢԽԽ΢ϣʵϣת
ûش𣬶ǽĿͶѪؾһ˵תڳϣܰȻھܼȥǳӡ
Ļû˵ȥҶ⣬رǵôһ˵кܴİտ϶Щǳųġ
óһۣ֪ǸϲǸñǷľģȴϣ֮ģôһ鷳ҪǵҲ֮ǰھͻˡ
ӿһɳ嶯ҪѪؾﻹйͽЩųȥǻƴɱǿаס嶯Ǯ˵ôڵĵӣȫ˵
ţҡ
ǮڵĻû˵꣬ͱˣ˵ʲôҪ˵ˣ֪ôڣҪøش۵׼
һƸ۵ƣص
Ѿ˺ϷĻһ־ͽڵٵֻʣһ龻Щȫ֪ӵıըܶȹǰΣ
ըѣɱŭرЩմѪɱˡһ˿̣ЩֵסټϣӵıըѪؾıóɵģѪؾѷ棬ڵһƬ
ôΣţÿһΣп³أôΣǰʵڶȭЩɱУƺѾû֮أȭԽɱɢԽѪؾҵøãȴǲܽһж𣬴Ӷڰȫ֮ء
оԽԽصΣϵĿ⣬ڿռϣɱҲãѪҲգֻѪؾڵĴڣȫ
ãڿռٴαǿǿʵϢ
ųϵոȶڿռУʵڶٴκȻ𣬲˳϶ԡ̫ȵʵڶȷʵǰһˣϢҲ͸Źǿζ
֣ʵڶתϺȵҽ
£ŰǷɱѪӵըƬȫʵڶڿռûнЩѼǽһ㣬һ㡣
ͬģҲûǰΪ˿پǳѨ֮࣬ڿռǾǿѪ֮㹻ڳڿռǿһ㣬ϼ̾ͽתȫѪ
Σ£ϲаִ⣬ں棬пܻ֮١ЩپʱͲҪˡ
ʵڶȻǿЩɱһ̽ȥʱЩ̺űɱԴҺܵѪҲֻһ£ͱˣӵƬ
ǿʣȻǿ󡣡
ţ۾ȴѷԽԽѪؾڵľȥѪؾٶˣҪѪؾЩһըѪؾеĳϣ˿϶أҲ˵
Ļ粫һѡ
ڿռǳû̹̹أҾǰһ󲽣һѪؾ
һ£ʵڶȻٱѷĵطʵڶһѪؾѷͿʼպһ߱պţһʵڶꡣ
ֻʵڶ̫СѪؾ̫󣬾һСҪ̴㣡
֮ʱϵĿ⣬ȴǶѷƬڡ


1982 Ϊһ
ڵĶǺҹǶǣʲôΧж㣬϶޴ӵֻ֪ڶɢΣյϢϵǵģѪؾʱЩڵĶһ̽ˡ
ԣ϶ֱֱб䣬Ϻòȡƻ
ãڵĶʹǶһ֪ǱʲôסΪϵ̫֮Сڶע
ЩϷĶˣԴֽ䱸
ѪؾƷǳðգȴҲмƻðգϵһɱѪڶѪؾ̱ڿռǿǽѪؾˣڶ춯ĻϾ߳
̫ˡһһٴǿʣҪȻЩѪɱ͹ˣǿʵĳ֣Ҳӱڶ֮ٿˡ
뵽֮٣ٴȻѪؾҪ콫Ѫؾ̽ڿռ䣬Ȼ仯֮£Ѫؾըˣ͵òʧˡ
ϼʵڶһٴתۼ䣬ǧɣʵڶǳ󣬿ǣѪؾ˵ʵڶ̫С
ңѪؾȽѣǳԼʱ䶼Լˡ
Уһ취ѪؾǶأ̡ܰ
˼ٴηˣ˰죬һСڣСðʮɫâʵڶŻ𵽴á
뷨ϷˣΪ˵һ֮٣ˮ׳˯֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ǧֻӳ
ôº󣬳϶仰⣬ֱǰ˲٣潫СԸǡõڶ֮ٵĻ֮ٶᳬ쳣ǿ󣬸ܹӦĴڡ
ˣֻڶ
ڶԴڡֻģһһ̫̫ΪһѪؾܱһѪؾежҲǸԳһһѪؾֿԷֿ֣ˣøϣ̶ڣСǿʳһǿʳһǲǺΪһ𣿶ҪѪؾŲôѰɣ
뵽ϱڿռֳ֣һּάʵڶ̾ѪؾһǼֳСʵڶΪģ˷ɢȥ
˫£Էڶã˵Ч
СʵڶһɢȥΧʣǷʯǻľȫʾһ̬Щǿ߿һУᾪ֮Ļ
Գ̬ʣ谭ҲûڽʵڶΪʵڶһ֣ɢʵڶ̫֮࣬䣬ضײ
Щײʵڶûзʲôը¡͸Ϊһµʵڶɢʵڶײ
ǰЩӡԺϺµķ֣ǣȴԲףµʵڶɵʵڶоɣ£һֲһ
տʼʵڶɢõıȽɲʮϢ䲻Щʵڶٶȣķ֮ǰٶȿҰڣھ衣
ңɢڴƽ棬漰˿ռ䣻ʵڶǵ֮ƣϯѪؾѪؾе֣ڵʵڶ֮С
ֻһĹʵڶɢǰ᰿ǰĳѾɵˣʵڶûȫ֣͸оԼڷ뿪һַ룬ŷ룬ӷ룬ÿһͷÿһƤÿһϸڷ֡
ۿ᰾ҪһʵڶͻȻһֻ֣һѽץ᰻عȴһȫİ֮Уһӿֲʵڶһѽһһֻɰӵȵȡ

᰻ˣͣԼ
ᰱսڿռһ̣ʵڶϣ׽ҲһɲǣϷʵڶÿɢһ㣬ѪؾҪôһ㡣
̶Ӻֳͷǳԣɼˣһ͵ģײѵݣȡ֮ݱ㿪ʼήСһ
Ѫؾһݣֻݸ߼򱶣ԭȴûʲô
ȻϷ׼ȷݱ䣬ܻĻѪؾֻһɸɾһţģͬʱάݱ䡣
ЩɣϺеΣգάݱ䣬Ǳı˵Ѫؾ϶뼫ȵĲƽ֮УѪؾƽ⣬ѪؾеͻˣҪһ㣬ڿռ䶼ɲƽ
ڳϽ±̱խռڳСͣǧɱɣֻʮɣϱ̤ԭδ仯ȴֶˡ
ԵģڵĶ֮ľ룬ԽԽˡ
ʱݱϯѪ֮أʱСҲսڿռ䣬ҲоСĳֱ仯ڴʱ˿̣ȴ˲ȥϸ
ƴѪؾ֮ʱңԶ֮ѪˣˣﻹŭţܣܽҵѪ
öӿĸоȴظһģ
Ϣ䣬Ѫ˺ȵˣȥѪؾףǺΪ


1983 ¥գ
֮£һմϣˣһĴԣӿʼתһ𣬾ûͣж˱ߣ޿ɼǣĵѾάδǰ춴ʮģ˿̣նѡ
ûţ˶ǴҴæææƴɱææռ̣æŽȻҲпæűɱ
ǺһĻϷеΪ̣Ϊ֮ƣ
ˣҲ֣ԸΪһöӣҪһöӱǣﵽĿģһĻϷҪﵽʲôĿģúδԼ⣬֪
ֻǳ߳½֮·ϣһƽޱȵӰ
һ뱬羪κ˲ṵ̂һɸɾ֮ٶȣƵ˴ڵڵء
󲿷ֵ˵ڵأ˲ҲһܿüĴڣڣȴⴳ룬̤š
һУڣзţлٺԴŵ壬ϹԶȵȣնɱ֮ˣ⣬лвˡ
ڣԣȫж󷨵ģ󣻲󷨵ģ󣬸ʽڵĻڴײȥ
ر֮ˣһȭȥСΧ󷨣һζŵӣһŷƮƮطɳȥڻڴϣȴǱܣֱӽڴŪС
ڵĻڴǿǣǿҲסĺըڼ̵ʱڣڴҡҡ׹ˣ·һ˲䣬ͻ
ʱ˿̣ڵӻδȫص֮УǮһЩ˵ţǮڵһӦǳȥɱʹ죬Լ䣬Ҳϧ
Ȼ뵽ŵУ뵽ѪؾĳǮٿһۣڴȷʵ커סˣǮ˫һ䣬ȥҲǵõֺô
£Ǯ׼һڵҲȥ֮ǮںȻڴЩҪڴ󣬺ȽȥѹαһЩߣʱըѪ׷ɣһ顣
ģǻڴ󣬻дڵĸֽȺɽһʱ䶼ٵϡãǮȭͷص֮У֪صսҵǡ
һߣΡͦεȺɽĹ¥˲仯ΪУΪƽأЩɵˣǲʲôɺ޺ڵȫɱˣƴɱûУ
¿ˣʲôûˣȥŵںúһصġ
У˴ŹЦݣƬ֮ȥﻹţһȺɵıôΪıըͻٵ
ڻڴɲǣвӰ˴ڣЩ˵Ŀ꣬ǵ¥
ڵĵ¥棬ͨ߾ܣ
һܽǡ
һҪ֡
ЩԴ̣ϢΪ׼ȷҲ֪ǴӺδãȻ򣬵ǲԼͬر¥ԭλãȴ¥ӰӶûп۵ľһƬա
¥ܱըãΨһĿܣǵ¥Ȼ˴ˣ
仰ŭѣһһ˵ڻһص֪һȥ̽һ£
ã
Щ˶ǲӲӥȻսңǲս˴£һͬ󣬱صѰȥ
صУǮҲٶȣСָ£Ѫؾ֮⣬˴һӦ֮ǣǮڿȴǣ˵Ŀ⣬ȽĴڵӣһأǰѪؾһҲûнŸУ·Ͼƣûзһ
ǮɣĿ⿴ȥʱҲѪؾסĿɿڴĿתˡ
ڴϵµ˶ģֻΪѪؾ棬ڵѷ죬ѾʧˣˣǰǿоѪؾĴڣڣǵ۾ؿѪؾ״ѪؾڲϵرСٶԽԽ졣
һ̵ʱ䣬·ַֹͣ·˲Ϣأ֮󣬾䡢ǻعߵϵǰʵϣҴ᲻Σգ
Ǳ񣬰ɫںɫ۾͵⣬˵ǣת֣ת֡ϵϲһʯţǰ˵ѪؾѻȽϳףȴû뵽˷ʽȥġ
䣬ͻһ˶ڵڹǣˣɣ
ˣ
һȣЦãϷܾûкƴɱˡ˵ÿǴʵǧ£Ѫƴɱġ
ص˵Ѫؾûг׽֮ǰԲӰ쵽ӡ
ǣ
ڵһȣʣ⣬ʽУս˹ȴֱۣ˵Ѿ͸󷨣˳ȥ
ǵһƴɱģȴС
󷨣Щ˼
벻ڵô
ܶǰֻлҷķݣ

ǵ䣬Եһߣͬʱµ𣬱СɢУЩ˾ȻȣҲûܣɱȥ
ϢȻûдȷʵϧܵģǸáһ˼ӣ˹Уɫͻһ䡭
Ѫؾеĳϣ˿ѾܹѪؾȫòˡ


1984 С椣
ǵõϢܹͷԣ׼˿ķⷨǰԸһߵģʵ֤ǳá
ˣ޿֣ɱռȻ֪ȾЩǿߣظоԾ˵ⷨס𣬸ܹ
ֻǣǰȴǣʶ㣬һɲǣǵѪ֮Уأ˿ȫѹ
ϢǴһЩûôѽûѶĹѹסˣϧǲ֪ĿʼԶԶǽ
Ϊѹסǣʼȭͷÿһȭʮʮ֮ˣûӳֳһʣڿйţָķʶ֣Ȼըѹһõߣһնռըѣһʹߣҫ䣬Ȼܷסһ󷨱仯
һͷ˵˻Ϸϲϣֻ㹻ǿ֮Ϸ̫ܹе䣬ʱʶǡ
£ͷֱ꣬С
ˣСٵѹȷʵЩΪǵ־㹻ǿС󲼳Ļ󣬲ԻסǣҲ˶ʱ䣻ЩŴμǿ󷨿ռ䣬ЧҲⲻ˵С̫ʵЩ̫ǿˣռ˼λõǿߡ
ڣСһֱڿռܹţзĹ£˻Ƚ᣻ֻҪС󲻳£Щȥ󷨣תܹ֮ԭ
Сûй¾ս䡢衢սǣеġһЩǿߣ÷ǳʱΪͷ̫꣬СѾԶӡ
Ȼ̫껹δкƷǵ󷨹ӿСܵԻƯ۾һתСӶֻ󷨱ãþ䡢衢սˮʲĸǸõģĶϷŵģڵģʣֱϹͷʹġ
˲ϣСרĶ̫꣬Ӹղ̫깥󷨿̫ǿر󷨣һЩûмġ
СͳһⶼޣҸųϾˣСؾ뽫תΪԼһھԪ󷨣ֻԪ۵ԪС󲼵󷨣ȴΪ̫󷨣ҲǸղСûԭ
СӿסٶȲ̽ٻΪã̫Ļ壬еһ׳ӣŮòС󣬲ɴʶС椣ÿ硭
С椣ȫҶС椡
СԴ൱Ϭ̶Ҫʰ·磬Եûк˵̫꣬һʱЩˣӦ
Ǵ磬ҲС椡
̫Ȳط˵ᣬֻһС⻰ͻһתתһƣС˵֤㲻С椣
ҡ
̫һʱһڼ䣬СѾסͬʱ̫Ҳ뵽ɣʶҵĻô׳ôС椣
СꡱһЦ˵׳ľͲС椣
ѵ𣿡
ǣǰһֻ׳ķ㲻С椣϶ǷˣιС椣֪ʲô˼𣿡
ҲǷ
С椣
ҲС椡
Ƿ
֪ζʲô̫꣬ŭˣҲǷС椣
֪Լ˵ġ
С̫ʶֱСƺԼΪʲôͳСһ£̫쳣̫˹ͷ͸Ӧˣмʣ̫ʶң󷨳ײô¶Īǡ
ͷ뵽һֿܣ۾ʱϲ֮ɫֻ϶ǲʶʶȽϸ߼̫꣬꽫̻꣬Ϸʵ϶һ̨ףһʵ֮ǿߣҲ·硣
£ͷþһа취¡
ã֮е̫꣬һ켴عٴιССЩ˵С椣ԭ㻹˿ס
ʲôǿƣ
̫ʩչҹ鲻ԽС˵С椣ǿƶ֪ƣζûɡ
ɣʲô
С˸׳̫꣬켴Ц̣˵߼϶ҲףͰɣƾС椣ͰС椣ɷ͵ñɷ
ҲС椣Ƿ
Ҳ֪
Сһػش˵ӣ
̫ʶˡС椡ĹȦ֮УȻȻСץͷüͷٴο̫꣬ͬʱҪֳУ̫һɵĽ׶Ρ
ȻסͷˣȻʵǹͷһʱҲͻƣǱߵֱ̫꣬Сû˼άͬ
Ȼͷܹ̫꣬мҪһʱ䣬Сͳʱ䣬̫깥С˲µ󷨣˹֮С
Ǳ߹ͷӽˡ
ʱС̫˵С椣ҿ㲻ǷҲС椣
ģ
С仰̫꾹ȻЩС˵ģǣһ£Ҳ㣡


1985 Ҳ
̫ʶҲ˵̣ͲܺСȣ̷ֳʮΣһΪʮΪã̫̳˾ڵڶΣС̣ڵʮҲڵھš
֮䣬Ŀɲһ
ߵءɳйأСɳһɻ꣬ͨԵ֮󣬳ϵΪС֪һЩѧ˲٣ںĳɳ֮УԾƴɱ߾˵̥ǵ֮⣬̻ꡢؽȵȣʶһ󷨡֮ࣻҪǣϸСԵɣС޴ĳɳռ䣡
̫꣬εĲ֪ǣԲСĺɳ˸ȫ̫ԵɣΪͷʶһ˫ндĺôҲдĻôǹͷǰ룬Ǳʶ֮࣬⣬ǷǳΣյġ
ϾûЩǣΪ·ҵͲ֪ʶʱΣգһ˵֪ҲŮϼסС
෴̫˵̫γɳ߿ţƣ٣ЩӰ죻ңЩͷΪø̫֪ģ̫Ҳ͵¼ʶ뽻٣Ļ˵ǳԸľګе㱿
̫ҲǺģҪϵ֮꣬賤ϵ꣬Ǳ̫ɱķݣʵ̫֮⣬˵̱̫꣬궼磬˵ûУǶ꣬ҲӮ䡣
Ȼ̫ģƫƫСž绪Ļꡣ
Ŵˣ̫СĻ֮ʵҪʲô²ţ
ɣҪܵõɣѱ˶ĿƣʲôʲôĻҾ㡣С˵ģȫΪ̫꿼ǣ̫ɵˣͣزɡʶ
֮䣬ͷٴδ̫С󹥻ȥһǳ󷨣ôһϢжС󷨵ϵ
ڡŵеġǣƣûʲôӰ죬СȴǱñˣ˵ԶҪС椣Ҫòˡ
ҲǷҲС椣Ҫɡ
̫ͻشǱӦ಻ȥ󷨣Ȼסˣжˣһ˲䣬ͷɢɱסڳ˵ȻϷʹɱˡ
ɱô꣬İģɱ
˵꣬ϻҵɱѹȥͷ¶֮ɫҪʱ̫׵׵ѹסҪӵиķʶǾͻܴ鷳
ԣͷнѪѪʮ󷨲ϣ˲ɳ棬£ͷٶȣѭŸӦСǱ߸ȥ
ͬʱ̫ʵôܵõɣ
ѿư㲻֪ôѡ
СΪȻ˵Уȴ˹߲µ֮󣬵ʼ̫Ļ壬һŤ֮󣬴ʶôѣ
оͷԽԽСҪתƵط̫ôһת˵˵ɣ벻뽫ɱ
̫꿴С󣬻ϿһĻܵó֣̫껹ʹذţص롣
Ҫ˷Ҫɱңô
ҡҡҡ
̫ʶظ˺һ³ĻҲӦ
ͶˣܴɣֻҪղԼ˵ģܵõɣҾ㲻СˡСո£ͷСǰ
ͷһ֣Ͷ̫˵̫ףɱС椡
Ҳ
̫ػӦͷ۾ɱ÷ǳİĿ⿴̫꣬ʵĲȥɱ

ȹͷӦС͹˵ģͣȫܹõɡ
С椣㣡
ͷһ䶢Сҧгݵ˵һ̫꣬ܰ׽ܺã̫ײɱ㣬Ϸɱ㣡
켴ת̫ȵϷʰС椣ٺúý̽ôͷȻ׻˷Ѿ˼Ū̫ꡣ
ȻùͷԾǣ̤ȥǰͻ󷨣סԺһ𣬡Ҳɱ
˭㴴𣿡
ͷȵ˫ְڶ֮䣬ͽ̫겼µƵŭ̫꣬е󷨣ȫϷТģ㻹Ϸ̫ףһѵȫǵϷˡ
˵ţͷһ̫ʱޱʹʶͷһߣִ󷨣СС󲻱ܷӿ󷨣ֳһЩ̫꣬˵̫ף߰ɣסȥѰɵķ
С
ͷʩչ󷨣չӵܣƵһʱκβ㣬һУӵ𣿡
ʱСӿ󷨣롢ͷ˵ûõģҪ̫ףϷͰɱڽ̫׵Ļ
£ϮСͻؼ۹â


1986 ؾ
۹âģȻǷĹ¡
˿̳ڷĹϵ뵱Ѿرȫǳڿռˡֻ
ͷȷʵǧ֮⣬СĲзĹ൲Сˡ
ڿռվã˲̫أͷ״һȵ£㾹Ȼл£̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
ʱСϾתСһȭǰģȴǺڶǳʵϵĺڶڶ棬ֻ顣
꼼㵽꣬ꣿ
ͷȻȣȴ̫ڷϣһΪžԵţǱĬãֻͷ֪
ڶСûţŹͷĥڶ֮ʱС˲䵽̫ߣ˵һ䣬ҡţСڿռ̫ӿȥ
̫꿴СΪס󷨵ĳСʩΪʱ̫겢ûзǽѹסǹҪСֵĳ嶯
Ϣù죬͸ǿ󡭡
ͷţһԵС̫꣬аЦ̫ףˣɱ

ɲ㣬С椣ϷĿƣܹġ
ͷȫ߶̫ԽԽѹƲסǹɳ嶯Ϣ̫͵һתС󣬻ɢɱʱС˵
£СһԶ̫ϵǴƸǣתɺڶ̫׵ɱɢ٣ͷоԼĴ߶衣
ҪɣҪˡ
С˵̫ŭӹͷȻ󷨷ӿСһЩӦһȵǸͲʲô
̣СṴͷŭ𣬱߼󷨹ǽס󷨡
һߣĵ˵ľƣֹۣܲȻЩϢʵϣһֱѪؾͬʱ߶Ƚ䱸ţԣв㣬ȽϳԿټǷĹ죬ĵ˶ʱˡ
ǱߣȺսõߣ϶˽صˣõߺȵǰ˶ûõģ˵ĸİٸҲ󣻲ǻЩ˳Ծһԯսһ澳ӵֲӵеһ齣һˮУʹȴưǧ
ûãôѪ
ˮʲ˵սһ£죻ȴڵԼؿϵµѪԺﻭ漱תţ飬飬ζ
򣬾ڽս֮УԽԽԽǣô˵ȷʵ·磬ʧĻӦܡ
棬Ÿ֮ˣҲѰصǲ²صͨڵĲرȿֺؾȥƣҪֲܸǵʵǰȫǱɱ˵ǻҪѪؾ
˿̣أѪؾǳ󣬵ǣȴȫڳϵҰ֮ڣһԼٶСţǰСķȫȻԤϣ뵽ʱû뵽ġ
տʼٶ治ôǵʵڶӵأɨȥʱ򣬾ͷһı仯˵ʼΪһôͱڣڡ
ֻһ䣬Ѫؾֻʣǧɣ̶˰١߰١
ֱͻһʱСٶȣȻԴˣϺףʣĶǷǳǿ֮䣬Ƚڵһ֡
Ȼٶ˶ص˸տʼٶȡ
ϸоʣѪؾӿһǿϢȻһôΣյĸоһСģҲóܸˡ
ѪؾУȴҪѪؾ̽ڿռ䣬ǰϻЩ֣ɾ¥ĳкܴģһɣ㹻ˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ϿѪؾѾѪؾ뿪ĵ¥֪ϿܵͷȻѪؾ﷢ʲôҲ֪ѪؾʧʲôȴȵΣЩ˳ǸĴۡ
ǡ
ڵתѪ֮һǽ
ؾУϼʵڶ⣬ѽѪؾǣһһһһ̫̫
仰ڿռĳرӦͳϵĻɽĽ£һĳΣ״żơ
Ѫؾ֣壡
УѪؾŤûķ룬ȴŤ˺ӣתţʵڶȥ
£ϻһϡ
ڣЩѪؾⷽʽ˳ϵڿռⱾѾѪؾָֻԭò
ʮɡʮɣ
Խ̵棬ɵٶȾԽΣոѪؾͻըΪһѪؾҪʵڶըϡãڿռҲᱻըòơ
棬С󷨷Ź߷ĹѾ©ҲУóһŵƣرǴ©Ȼŵĵ¥ɱʱǸǲС
Ѫؾʮɣʮɣɣ
ÿһ㣬Ҫٵʱ䣬ңÿһԤУڶ֮ٽٵԤУ͸Ũʮ֡


1987 һ㣬
֮ٵĻ֮л
ϿŽɴСѪؾڤڤ֮еǹɸоͷ鲻ԽȻ֮Ȼпʱȥ㡣
ɱΪΪѪؾͬ壬һڿռֲƽ֮УѾ˲٣ڿռָԭòѪؾɢĹâƺʧ
ɡһɣߡߴ硭
ֻʣһˣҲﵽ۷壬Բע⣬ͽǹܴɣѵľ棬ͬʱѪؾ֮⣬λʹߣһһĴۣ˳ǰĴڵӣ赲Ƭ̷ֺ
һն£ǧʹ껯˿¥֣һ־Ҫ¥ȡڿռ֮Уͬһ˲䣬Ҳǰǻǲ壬֮͸Բ״֮ɻ˵ѹŵһؾŶʲô
֮Уʹɨһǵ״̬¶ģܷʲôʣӣǶ˵ضҪ˵¥ͽ𡣡
Ȼ¥ȴ˵վյģһߣС󷨣Ե¥Ϊģߣ¥ͼΪ⺷ǧ˿ڵ¥֮ϣֱӱһ飻ţСسӿϣʹһףȴЩ󷨣ûã
ʹһնƣٴ¥ȥͬʱСǿߣ޷㵽ֽ˳˼״µ¥֣֮鼱֮£о
ǿһȣѹ
ֻ֮ƾֵģֹ󣬼ֱ󣬶ңԳһռ䣬ѹģ֮
ɫһ䣬ȵǣֻһһɳǳֲͬԵܣײ
ǿ߻ӿ쳣֮УҲסգѪֱ֮Ҫɢɾ
ǿ״ֳҲޣһѪ³û˳ȥǱߣǿ߻֮ʱӳһѷָֽбСֽһŷֽһޣΧסȵõĻնޣưٷǿѾ˳ŷ¥ȥ
ΧʹߣŭȣȻֻôʱ䣬ֱǶϷ裬Ϸó涫ǻΪԼ޵ˣԨɭ
һмؼ䣬ȫ˱仯ʱƾǻδȫ֮ʵȴƲԨɭ޾֮ʣԺȴǺȻ뵽ɻΪǵأ
£ĥն޾ԨУģֻһ۱飬ⱯŨҪԨ͸սսң֮УĴԽԽࡣ
У˵ΪɵıˮʲˮʲţΪΣǰʲôֻҪסң͵û𣬻𣡡
λǿ߽ԳֽѿߵͷϣٿѪؾһۣǿȵҲõ¥С
źϳ¥ķǿߣִһĶȵӿһʱ䣬ǿЩϲټƷǳϾʧ֣¥˵ҪУԣǿûȥƳٵӣǻһϷȻԳһס
¥ҵģ˭Ҳòߡ
ǿ֮£ӱըȻըĻ鲢ûеӴܣֻˮвƣôһȻѣԷǿ߸ǰӰҲޡ
ǿߵȴӿһĸоֻǴ˾Ҳĥô࣬ʿ裬һЧķľҪɹɾ䶨һʱһ콣ȻϮɽѴﵽ÷ǿ˵ĵزǿ߱Ҫȡԣзȴǹһת˰Ȧ
£ƺƹӿȻ⹥Ĳǵ¥ҲˣǷǿԼǿ˲ͷǧȴûһͷܹղŻһʣҲ벻дһµķġ
ǿֻ֪ԼŪķģ³Ѫʱ䣬ǿ߶Ҫú˼ڣӳѪסʹߣʹüͷ壬һӵϣСµĿռͨҲǿݻ٣ĵھȫ
һĻĻ⼱س֣һٱ䣬ɫأղһ󺰣Ҫעе¥棬ӶʹǺѪؾ
Ͽǿߣһ˿Ц⣬ת˲ţǿһһĹ򣬲ƳĻ飬˻飬켣ͽԸôһ㣬һ㣬㹻Ժˣд֮ˣ󹦷Ϊôøģ
˿̣λǿ߶δһ˷ΪǴκвԣ˿ʼ¥ȭҷ󹥣֡
ʱѾǳСѪؾڡŵλǿߣԼͬףѪؾϺ˲ȥѪؾϧ˶صؿţǸճĵĵˣҲǿѪؾ
ļʽȻɡ
ʹǿ߽鿴ͻȻһǳҪ⣬ȵ¥ȴڻҪҪ⣬͵شȵп𣿡
ǿߵ˽һҡҡͷ


1988 
ΧڣСԳ֣쳣ϤΪܹǴĪ棬ǣǿһˣԴڣһ·ɱֱ¥ں˳ϡ
ԣʹǿ߽һ˵˽㶣ɨ쿴Ⱥ֮еûгϵӰҲ֪ӵиݻò֮ܣϢȵȶܸĵ˷ֱ治
ɨ˺ü飬ǹȻûзʲôûĻţΪӻһ仰۳ϱ˭˭Ϣһ㣬Բ䣬Ǿ塣
Ǹǻﶬ֮ˣȻ仰еĺʲôˣɨӺ֮󣬹ͷʹնͬʱ֣̽ץߣȵϣ
ꡱ죬ڵӵֱӱٳѪ⣬ţץ̽ȥȴסû֮ǿߣȴСӶ֣ǻǿ
ϻ˵ѳϽҪȻһնˡ
ÿĿնϷԡ
ȳ֣Ҳ񹥳ȥҪǵעɾʱ˵ղ˵֮ʱʮǰǸϸղ˵Ȼõ¥ǵעϲĻҪҵĳϣǰһйأ
նͷǵĿ⣬ȫˢˢǹ֮ϣ֪ôģǸܽһҸտϾ鲻ԽһĻ֮С
֣
һ£Ǯڽ׼õķȫһЩڵӣǺηԱһʱ䣬¡ϣҲ˴Ӱ죬˵һںһǳҪʱ̡
˵˵Ȳ¥ԤУһȥǴ鷳նͷǵͷǶָо
ͷ˵ȥǶӦЩˡ
á
ӦһҲûȥܹͷ˾ǲͼֻѪؾչҹ콣񱩵棬ͷģǿ֮һԶӿϡ
ĵ˿⣬޲൲ЩȻ㣬ϸ׼ţҪȼһ
˿̣ϽѪؾȫɣֻʣİٷ֮һ磬ϸ߶ȼУҪһѪؾȫڣﾪâһӿĵ
ҹܴ𣿽зãж٣Ҿͻ٣ڶ٣
ϲаԥѪؾȫʵڶͬһ˲䣬ĵײʵڶϣĹܣʹʵڶΪ𵴣˶ѪؾڿռҲ˾캧˰㣬ƽ⽫ʧ
ۣ
ͽѪû˱֣ܰǽĹɹܣȫʵڶУڿռصţ︺һһ̫̫һһ
һ京ϻ죬ųϵĸеľ顢ȵȣ֮󣬳ϵԺȻȻظβεĻ档
Щһ۾һԲϵԲɢšϢϵԲɢšϢֻǣ۾Բûۡ
Ѿ㹻ˣ𵴵ѪؾȶĹܣ˲ΪڿռĹܵĻ룬ʵڶǿѪؾȫ롣
ϵӰϼ״һˣӹȻǾȽ֮ˣѪؾ
Ϻһ֮У·ҪĽҪҪȥ㣬ǣ뵽һסˣƾǵ϶㲻ʲôţӣóӷӸá
죬ûȫɹ
ֽնǿ߸Ծ¥ԳϽйǣȴһεƵס˲ȥֻԶ빥
ǣַ֣һǼǵĹӿȥûа㷴Ӧ󺣣Ȼ֪ЩһųϣͻΪڿռ䡣
ն˴󾪣ǵĹкܣǶһЩܾȻǸǳϵ˰ôûУ˲ţڹš
վԭأڿռѾûѪؾӰӣѪؾȫ˲䣬ѪؾʧˣϸоѪؾ̹ڿռһڽ
ҲѪؾʧʱڿռĴб𣬳ϾȫڿռȶұǿΪڶ֮ĿҪˡ
Զһۣⲽ¥һʱ˴仯ԭѪؾؾǱʲôȫȻ֪ѪؾûˣǿտһһߣǾͿǱʣأ۾
Ҳͻͣס˽ţΪǰߣʸǰˣǣһľ룬ô¶
˰죬뵽ӺȡһưˮȻһưˮλãֱˮٴ̤ǰÿǰһϵʾҪһ֡
ʮ֮󣬳ϵӰѾޱȵس󾪣ϣ㣡
ͣĿһɨ
һɨһȫĸоһж꣬˼붼Ͽ˸Ҳߣʱѹ𾪣ȵɱ


1989 ʵ
ɱֳڣʯɾ켴顱ȵȸžıصʼݣʯƿҵأȴȥᡣ
ǽˣдӵܣеעȫڳϣ뿴ѪؾŪû˵ĳϣھһڣͬʱǻʣѪؾʧȥˣѵǱˣ
ûôʣֻһĿģҪóأΪˣ¥֮£֮£һԣ
غ¡Уλ̤֮ǿߣʩչɱУϮϣǿ˵жôΧɱ֮£Ψ·һѹ
Ԩɭ
֮
߱󣡡
꣡񣡡
ʱ䣬٣⡢󷨣˲佫֣ŵ⣬Ȼɱ
𺳻棬λǿ¶ɫûжԳϲмһˣΪ˵ˣض֮
ǣӲǽϷͬλϣرǿǿ֣Ⱥɱһ֮ʱں̶ܴϣΪϲҲҪˡ
Ȼһ˲䣬Ŀͷֱˡ
ȾȳǷǿߣΪϵأ
ܣԱҶסôܻ˰֣ǿɫ䣬Ҫ֪ʵʩչĶܽĶסôϢʱ䣬˵ôûΪˣرǱȵסǧֹɾġҲûܽ϶ס
ȷǿ꣬նͬʱһףΪǿһֱ֣ӽ̺ſԽһͨĴ½ն֧Ľ⣬У
˵˷ֶΣǽ٣Ƕôȣƫƫôԭⲻرץסһ˿٣ҲޣֶΣΪ붼벻
𾪵Ļں棬ǿһȭ󣬾Ȼȫ˵أڳǰϰ죻סϵ󷨣ڳϵĽȫ֮󷨾ͱˡ
ǵ˼άһĻסλǿߣֿӾĳһ̤⽣󣬾㶼ɢȳٴ֮Ѿվǵǰ
ų˲ϢһƬʣǿտյش䱻ȫԭЩط͸ռŵһ
ͣ£Ҳǰλǿȴˢˢ˳ٿųϣиӲǰĲһˣһƬ죬һƬأһɭ֣һɽ
ÿ˵ĸоһ˵ˣһһӸоģֲһǧ򻯵ƣңǸоһֻϣҲ˿Ӹ֮顣
¥
˵˵һ仰⻰ײǵĶ䣬ǶĤҪһ㣬Ӹǲʱ򣬽ٲа붡ĺ֮ġ
¥߾֮
ǿǿѹ춯ֵɱң
㣬
ǿ߿ĿڣŻع˵Ϊռ׷ҿԸһᣬóеʵֻһУ
ÿСӣǰ׻Ϸ۲֮ʱ㻹ûأ
ʵ
㡭
ǿļ״ɻ֮ɫ˵ʵӦòô׾ͱŭǸղЩ̫𾪵Ļ棬Ĳ֪ǰġ
֮УǿѪѪѪѪǳͬѪǣѪһ³ܿռͻɬ֮УȻͬһ㡣
ѪǻѪ
νѪȻѪһλѪǳǳѣһָѣҪ𾭾£ڣǿߺԥأһ¾λѪ
ǿɫһ䣬ʱǶо쳣͵һһݣ֪ˣҪʱ򣬽϶նǣͲ˶أڣǿеǰǻҪЭҪȻܾͻˡ
ԣ˵Сģ⣬Ƚڵ𣡡
ͷɫһ䣬ʱأȥҲˣǿȴ׼ĹϾôһۡ
ϿͷƬ죬ƬأƬʣϸĸоڿռÿһֱ仯˿̣ڿռĺˣղŽǿ֮иָĸоǱڿռ֮ʣص״ڿռԭ
Ժţһ֮ʱҷҪңһأǷˣǵĻʡ
˼ʣǿߴһȭͬʱȵأ
ʱϸоһϢӿ֮Уؾĸоֻ⡰ءѪؾС̫ࡣ
أ֮ˡ
˲ԺһɳҲͦҪĶɳ̣ǻ쿪ܲܽɳ֮ǻûľȵȻΪãǣһֱδ
죬ءóϴٽ뷨ؾƻؾ̽ڿռѪؾٽɳ̣˲ͨ͸лԭӦ֮ߡ
ʱءѾҪѹϣɳϻް㶯ǿ߿ЦСӣɵ˰ɣϷ㣬ǳˣΪǵһعˣ


1990 ɳ
ǿߵĿЦƬأŵȻȻΪǱءסҪȻô޶أ
ȻǿҲϿܻȱءеһ˲ų֣һ𺳵ĳ棬ͷǿ߾ͶȻˣںݺţǲܵ飬زһء
ʱҲһȭͬʱһһɳ
£һɺ׳ۻ룬ֱİƣ˲ɢķأӿǿ߿һɳǧԣֹǧ򣬼ֱǺƺƵӣر˶ˣȥȻһ壬ơȵȣȫһģһѪ⡣
ҪǣǿҲоһɡءϢϢġءҪŨǿһʱתֻںȵܣһǧĹ򣬲ԼԼһ㣬أŶôܻأ
ǿȻܽѪؾڿռĳϣסءǻ¶֮󣬴ȭȫˮɵ飻֪ǳûѪؾƾʱյڿռ䣬Ҳɾƿġ
һ˲䣬·ֹ
ǿߵĻ˵Ƕ䲻ض֣ҵģҲֻһɳһء
Сӣǧ֮£Ҳֻбնɱ
ǿߴ˻һءݺѹ֮࣬ͬһ˲䣬Ϻȳһɱ֣ʱ˻֮Уɱָոյȥվɳϵǧһȣɱ
󣬵ʡ
ɱ죬ءʱȫΣǿ߻һоЩɱƽɱǳһЩɱɱǰֻи׳Ƴķݡ
ҲͰˣǲɱƷʱȽϾѣɶǳУоָоЩɱɱ۶ɣں϶ɵġ
ǿ߲׸ֵֵɱֵĸо˫ۣȻſ󣬱ԲĿΪѾεġء棬˲ѳ顢ĿѺۣѺ۵ļɢҲ˿һٱ
飬֮ɢ
ءǿߵĻѪѪȫ֮ʱǿȻܵӰ죬Ӱ컹һĴǿߵѪ˥ϢһήҲ֮״
ô֮ʢŰطţǿǶ챻յòˣޱȳ޵ĿⶢųϣѪҧгݵ˵㲻ҵأҡ
ջȭͷɳȭɳءؾӡЩؾȻȫȴֲ²⣬ؾĳֿܾɳһǱһȭģһնģһġ
ֿԣܴ
һȭؾ
֮飬ֻһйǧ£ˣѾܹ֮Ϊˣȵͬʱ϶Ե˵Ļ˸⡣
֮⣬Ҳ˵ΪʲôоɱϤϢˣϢǡԴϢ롰Դ١Դ١еġԴ࣬ǣɱԴҺġԴζŨ㡣
⣬϶ԡɱԴҺǴģȤˡ
˰ͷһ˲ڡءȫѵɲǣϽڿռ䣬һָֻǿߵԴϡ
ʱ򣬳϶ǿĸʩչѻѶȽǷǳ󣬿ɴʱ˿̣ǿ꼫£ޱɣѵϢҲͦࡣ
Ϣв٣λǿߵеֹڵĲƸڣҰġƻֵȵȡ
һУû϶ע⣬óϻһݵģֻ֡ӣ
ӣ
ͼڴ½˵ŽõϢйɹֵֹĸооѾ棬µһУŪģ
ţȡľѪ󣬳ϸоգǰûгӣڿƵĻ֮ǿߣһ򣬾һ
ԣָ˽ƣ켴һߣתŹߣҪȷϢû֣ǽС˻ڿռƷС󷨽ǿߵֵôʱ䣬Ҳǹû
ûСͳˣҪһ̣պǳϻûѪؾȴּʱǳϽ˵һ
Сսôʱ䣬Ҳݽߣһڿռ䣬ʹ̶ͬʱ̫˵óϽ̫
ڵ˻ܣ̤˼У֮ٽٵ£Сȡ̫ľҲɷϻ¶Цݡ
һɣʱ͸оڿռϢб䣬ֱ仯˵ʲôֻоһѱӲޱȵĳֶ˼ԡ
˼뵽ˡгڡݽϡ֮۶вҲһ
ͬʱ϶Źͷ˵Ҳֻһᣡ̫׽Ҹᣡ
Сӣ̫ף𣿡
ǿܣһ


1991 Ƕ
ϵǿƣʱ򣬽ѾΪſˣΪϵʵѾһУʵҲڲ֮䣬пܻһ㣬Ը߲̫߲࣬һоͽѹ޷֮ĵز
ͷȻǺ޼ҲһǿƱ£˵Ķʱεִһ̫꣬Ҫ֪̫ǻز˵ȥͽȥأ
ңһʵϵ˵ʧ̫꣬ʵ½üΣȻ̫˱ʶеֶν̫̹ʵڲУ̫ʶΪһֻ꣬Ҫ껹ڣʵͲȥ
ԣȴǿޱȵĻͷͲһ󷨣Уٺݺݵ
ǣʵȴùͷòǿԹɨԱʧǵͻһƣ˵̫׿Խ㣬Ӧһ¡
˵
ڵ
ϲֱһ֣һʹӹͷ˳ͷʱһֻޱɵĸоꡢʶ
ﰵ⣬ȻڲͬҲûʲôӰˣ¶ͦ˼ҵв𡭡
Ť뷨ùͷеԹõ˲ٵͷţһڶԳ˵Ǽһ𶼸ˡ
۾һ£ʲôҲû˵ֻһ˦֣նзǿߵ˻λǿԻָ򶨣رǷǿߣţûˣͷҲᷢҵϡ
ųϵĿ⣬ɻ󣬱ϾǵӰ죬һĴ󣬶һǷʤ֣ǳΪһ꣬Ȼ˵ʵЩ˼飻ΪȫԽ֮һ£ʱ̫껹ģ
ţ˫Ȼҳ̺⣬ղ뵽һܺõĽͣǾ˵һ⣬ʵԵʵ
Ǳߣ߼δӦҪԾ֮ʣֿʼôߣ˵һ£ҪˣҾͰ̫Ľ㣬Ǿѵ¥ң
߻䣬ӺԤ׵һͳڹߵǰߵķӦҲ󷨺ƵȻըѣϢķͬʱﻹ˵ĲҪ̫ˣϷͽǰĥ
ͷĻһգΪ̫ӦҪ󣬾Ͳ²⵽ǰǸз»꼼ĸߵԭˣһ㣬⼤ŭϡ
һƬ¡УնǿߣûоһûʾһųϼɱУḻȻϸƵĻᣬʲôԶ٣类׵ȥˡ
ǣǸո춯ʱ򣬾˵Ƕ𣿡
£ֳŵΪһ飬ͬʱꡢһ׶ģǼͣǺһϢʱ䶼Ҫ˾ܹɱУסˣ˴
ϻǼǿܵġġʩչû뵽ͬʱʹãЧôãҲ֮ǰǿ߸ʾ
ңһסġǰǿʹǿʮΪǿģһʱССȷȷʵʵС
ϵĿɲһȫûʱĲͬȴͬʱ£ͬʱãȻͬһˣˣǱ㶨һϢ򣬻ļûС
ͷϵЦݣȻסˣ֮ǰļƻȫʵˣҲϵ÷ǳãһնɱϣǣһ˲䣬˴жԤ׵رסڿУͷвȴûгˣ뵽֪ʲôֶΣܹס϶Ҳ˶೤ʱ䣬ңԳϵ˺СȥԣģֻҪһʱ䣬ٴɱ
ôģҲôģͷѪ£ȾѪһٱûɱͷȴһֱܿ죬ͷͲԾķչȫһϢʱˣ˻һ㷴ӦûУͱǸơ
⣬ͷӿҵĲ֮ƣתҪӣͬʱȡ̫꣬ĥ̫꣬ԴǣƳϡ
ȷʵŴδӦͷΪССҪᾡ㣬ǣⲢζųϻɹͷţСҲͬ⣬СѾڿռﴫʶˡ
İɡ
ӿڿռһǳǳ򵥵󣬹ͷ˼򵥵󷨣Ǳ֮ʣҲЦϷ򣬼ֱ쿪˵󷨻Ǵγɡ
Ƹҿ
ϵһùͷһӾ뵽³仰Լ֪һ̤һһ㣬ˮϡ
ˮľľС
ͷȷ֮ԭһɸոȷ͸оԾΪۣƲˣ


1992 
δ䣬֮δ䣬ǣƫƫƲ
ͺһض֮У֪ǽڣͿӳ죬ǣǽȴô򶼴ơ
ͷǴˮۣӣܳӣ͵أתͷųϺ㲻󷨣
ЩȻʵƲ󣿡
󷨽Ǽɣǧ򻯣Ϊ棬м֤漣ʲôɣҪҪݻǴۣҪݻۣ͵Ƶǣȫǡ
ⲻⲻ漣𣿡
ϴϹͷĻͷһʱסֻϼ˵󷨣ȡᣬȡأ󷨵֮һѣһ˵Ųʸȥ̸䲻⣬ûˣʲô̸
Ϸ죬Ϸ˵㲻Ͳ䣬㻹벻Ҫ̫ˣ
ͷ߳ŭغ̫ҪЮһƴȥͷֱӱڵϹʮתѾָͷӡĹͷҪŭȣȴһɣ̫ʧȡ֮һ
𣡡
ͷڶɵϽҪ˦ѣ總ǣ˦ͷʧǳͬʱҵĶûܹõ̫ףҾͻ㣡
ҵУ㻹ٵõ𣿡
Ͻ̫׷ڿռУͬһ˲䣬ͷƣȻͷеĻɢĳȫûг֣ʲôӦûУͷԼʧȥ̫֮ϵ
⡭ǡ
ͷ˫оԻ󣬳׸㲻ǰ״Ͻͷľٶ֮۵ףҲ빴ͷͬɻ󣬡ȷʵ˽ƣ̫ȴûиоˡ
ͻȻԼͼڴ½棬뿪ͼڴ½֮ûиоЧ½Ҳˣص½󣬲оƵЩˣ뿪½͸о
ôһ룬Ͼˣѵ˵ҵڿռ䣬һ½һأԳأҪȻΪ̫׸ܲأ
ʱ䣬˵ˮ˵ľ޽еڿռ䣬֮٣˵켣Ƭ֮µȵӿԺ
ǰ˵ʲôҪڿռ䣬Ϊ̵ֹģǲڿռǳմأɽˮƬأǺ㣬ڿռһҪĶ飬ħ޻࣬ڿռ䶼ûУеҲֻҴսȥġ
ͷǧذתãʱҲڿռӿСͷֵĽƴֱӽƻٵʱС̫˵ˡ
лл
̫˵꣬ܵڿռ棬ͷȴǾ塢ŭӣҪʳϵ׶̫궯ʲôֶ֮ʱȻ뵽ϴʱڵȻûа㷴鷢ڵͼߵϣɷǵϣ;һǳ¡
ͷϸĸоŲϵģٴηعȥڹ֮ѰҪĴ𰸣Ӻ۾ȻĿ⣬Ϣ򣬻
ʶ⣬ͷͻȻ֮ǰһĻĻ𾪳棬ֲýⱻץ󷨱٣ֲ󳼷ʧЧԭֲÿΪԭУ϶гԽ˻֮ǡ
ţͷиȴָˣʱо֮ٽŲԽԽĳϣûйڿռĳȻ֣ʹ𽫹ͷꡢ־ȵȶٵüΪ֮½ƣʩչѻȵֶΡ
⵱УóЩľǣͷһ㶼ûзǻЩϣҲȥ룬ӹͷļͬѳˡӡ֡
󣬳Ͻͷһԣɨˣڳ빴ͷĽ֮УǴʼնֶҲޡ
ֱ϶ŽŻָжܷӦҪǰɱʩչ꣬һȥ˵һжûãһаɣּġ
̫ˡ
ҵʱ䲻࣬㲻Ը⣬ǾͰˡ
̽ץȥ˵ãҾԸ
£ҲԼѪѪѪѪѪȵǣĻѪͨԲ״ǽ״һѪΣŵĶҪࡣ
Ͽ⣬Ҳ֮Уȴָֻնɣ˵ûкͬľУ
Сӣǵĥʯ
նһӾͿ˳룬˵еĻ͸һεĥʯĻᣬûУǾ͡
ǶУϷôУϷ򲻽Уһǳر𡣡
ٺòˣýõԣһϰɣ
׼ɱн⻰ɫնһЦ˵ãܺãСӣȻ˺Ϸ͵һĥʯ
켴նҲ˺ͽһĶնĻѪͬΣϿ˰״ȡؽһʽ֮նֱնµġԨɭƵþǴ˳Ȼ֪ԨɭǵõĴ¼ԵĶԾǵİ
ֵǣˡ
Ц˵ͷĿЩնɿնȴп׵Ķʱն˵ϣ㲻Ҫĥʯ𣿲罫ͷһˣ㵱ĥʯ


1993 أ
ô
նЦѾϸղŵǿƱ֣ȫ׵һȳϻػնָϽ˵ǲǺ˺ϳɵĥʯĥ˰
ԣ΢ɲص˵ͷն˵ĻﵽЧɲСܳϴӦӦǶռơ
һϴӦǱܹǿӪɱ϶ҪرǷŵķǿǸӹĪ⡣
ҪǳѡڶӦĻǸҪֽкˣΪͱϵˣҪǿĥʯԱԼøǿˣܾеĶǵӣرֲĥʯ
Ҫǵˣ֮ĵλɾҪԵתǽĥʯǹ֣νΪϣˡ
նһЦЦĿⶢųϣٴ赭дʵҲң
ҡҡͷ
ҡͷնͽЦˣĶ֣ǶԸѾΪǣл˿˿죬֮ǰֳЩһ
Ǽȥȥ˵ܷӳˮƽҲԳΪĥʯǣڣǵʵۿۡ
նˣȫû뵽ϻĻشҪǱ˵϶ΪǴӣô˵ˡ
նһ֮ȴЦû¶ǲӰ죬С
һӣٸһӵ׼ʱ䣡
ûмȥնó˵Цݲͷׯޱȵ׼˵ƣΧɢ
ͬʱҲ׼ţûѪֻڿռɢšǿʡϢӿںͨؽ棬ԡ̫ԡԡ⣬桭
ʮ룬һܳʱ䣬Ҳһ̵ܶʱ䡣
ͬʱ̧ͷĿڿײܣѵʵǰ棬ҲѲȥˣ󣬳һĳϲ˶ûв
ΪȫнϣնڵϣġǵȫڼĴƴɱ֮ϡ

緢ʩն٣
ָǿգ
Ǭ
ն£гһ֥СĽ⣬ѸԶڳ󣬲һͷ֮䣬㻯ΪؽƺƵâɣպһӣ˲˼ٶųͷն
һ߿࣬ɵ֮ռһ׵ѷ죬·նգִһƬ½ر⽣Ͻа֮ʱȻֻÿһν֮ˮһֻɢŸָϢնŲͬĽС
ȵþʮ֮ʱֻǳһ˸ѣ˸֮ںһǲͬϢĽȴں𣬲ͬĽУҲȻһ塣
ȫΪһʱΧââ֮Ϊ磬أǿգһѽһƬǿ¡
һߣն֮ʱҲ£նĵûôı仯еģͨͨһûΣϢûб֮࣬ǰԨɭĿռ䶼ûУûзһĹâ
ǣ㿴ǵʱоǵĴڣ·ǵƬеһһһɳӣûʲô
ͬһ˲䣬ҲնؽӭָǿյĽҪǬĵ
ҪײɲǣǰѵɵأȻһҲ˿ͺⶶ˵أһѵأͨͨأ֮죬֮ء
ɴ˿̣ؽûʲôı֣ɣȴƴ߶ǲɱϣʱϿвŵ³֣졪أ
أǳϵĵأоŰɣ
죬ǳϵ죬ǧɣ
¡ǳиɽˮ
⣬ǻԼһһ̶ơ
ƬֵĶڿռһģһǳ֮ǰã轣ն֤֮ʵĲ²⣬ɾأ
ؽնس
Ƭǿײϣǰѽֱӱײ÷ѿֳֳֻɽӣ˳ɽ⣬ָ͡ǿաγɵḶ́һģһֻȫ۵˹
˲䣬һƬǿգͻص˳ʼ״̬֥СĽ⣬ɣնĵǴɵն˽ȥȴûаַӦնȥûˣʲôûˣƬء
Ƭ˵أѸٱռ졣
նô㶵ؿǰһУѪֹú󣬽һȣҵĽն㹦Ψҽ񷣬Ҳܰܵģܵġ
ģнһˡ
նֿտգɵɵʵûˣ
ɫҲЩ԰ףȻճɹն˳ɻǱȽɬм仹ŲС谭ˮɽеģҪȻҲʱ̲նأҪûǰѹ⡰ء治һն
ءնˣϸظоءĲĲȱ̫֮⣬֮Уڴˣ϶иĶ
ջأڿռһαǿŻشնûˡ
ôûģ
նǳ֪ȴûٻشֱӳ֣ȡѪ½ƣתѻӡϢ󣬳Ͽǿߣһˣӣʮа˾ţ
£÷ǿ߻ָڣֱ˵ķ֣ƴһ


1994 ڰʱ
ȻϲٶԷǿʩչһסġɷǿȴǽֱȻûع˵ĻûƵġ
κ󣬷ǿ߲תͷųϣ㶵ʵղʩչǶģģжģ
ⲻǸѧ𣿡
ܣ
ǿȻȣû÷ʣûлƣҲû÷ֽôסҵģôܶסң
˵ǿȻǰľƣڽѵ˴ĵһϵ˵㲻֪ģкܶࡣ
ʲôӦûУôסҵģ

ֱӺһǿһ㶣һЩȴʵǲһϣķ˭ģ˭

㵽ô
һˣֱһն֮ǰСءȴҲġ֮ǿһݣܿȵãȻ㲻˵Ϸͱ˵
ǿӳǧŷЩϳһ˵ģ켴ŷ⣬߽˷ǿߵ棬һûǿ߶ų˵ҪʶϷķϷԸڰ֣
áڰ֣֪ǿߵķִһ
ǿߺ֮Ҳ³ѪѪǿû³ѪΧ֮ͬǰ³Ѫʱ󣬻Ϊ͡
ʱǿſһ£һźڵô۵ķ֣ڿУڰָһڿУܵʾ΢΢ӿӿķȷǳ΢С󲿷˶ûвǿߺͳ϶쵽ˡ
ǿ˵һƬ֮£Ϸĺڰ
˼Ҳ뵽ǿ˵ĿܣȴòԾﲻԾȴǲö֪ǣ˼άѾɵһߣ뵽ͼڴ½ЩڰĲ壬뵽½ϵĽΪϴǺڰУŵһ˿˿Ϥζ
ڰ
֮ʱǿߵǿźڰ֣Ѿ³ڰɢڰɢǺڰ£ǿϵЦݣҲɢźڰϢ
ʱ϶ˣˡػּ˳ǿһۻȥԾȣȵ벻Ҳз֣ϣҺܳԾ
˵ǿ߶һ£֮ɫ˵֣ǺڰֵĶ֣ǿ߸ո˵꣬ȻòԾ֣üëӶšһš
ǿ˼ţϵĶҲûͣ£ڰɢԽԽԶϢԽԽŨ߰Ϣʱ䣬ǿͻһȣ㾹Ȼ֣˭Ƶģʦ˭Ҫɷ֣һ׵£һ𡭡
һĴȣǿߵ𾪣ȫ˳δţ߷֣ûܣֻǰ죬¶һ״Ҳ󣬺ǰػһСխխ棬Ծţ˸š
ǿ߿ĳ԰̶ſӿ֣Ȼǿ˷ʷϴδй֮׳٣ǣںڰǰʵ𣬶֣
࣬׼𣿡
ţаɣڰʱ
ڰʱ
Ͼ׽һ飬ŷǿߵĹͬʱաػʧǰֵĻ沼ػʧ֮ǰһ˲һ˲ֳĻ涼һԭšػϻûЩȫó
ڣ۳һšػÿһػϣչһ棬ٽǧصһΪһ塣
ػ֣ͬ粻ֱ˴ˣңػܽںһֻϢ䣬ϽԺﱣĻ棬һˡ
ͬʱϸоڰʱкڰԼĽϢ֮⣬һ쳣ϢĪʱϢʱ
ϻţڰʱѾǰǿҲǴһΪڰʱܲܳɹҲûоԵİգȻٷ֮߰ʮǲ⣬ҪʣµСʷˣҲֻܿޡ
ڰʱȻˣûܹ赲סʱĽŲһʱɲô򵥣ҵʱô߼
ǿ֮ʱѽһڽУƺƺ򡰺ڰʱۿ߾ҪҺһΧЩһֱǿΪʣԤ׵طӿһͷǡòƫеڡڰʱĹΧϡ
켴һڰʱͱһӰ٣
ͻһĻе˶ɵˣǿߣϣϸϽסԼĹʾšڰʱȥޱȡ
ϼȥĹܲܽ¡ڰʱԼҲ˵ٲ뽣ƴɱһžԵģġڰʱȻǶһ˽ȥ
ǿһ֮󣬽ŷһ㣬ʴʲôѺڰʱң³ҵĺڰʱ
ŷǿЪ˹ĺǵĿⶼڳϣͷϵĿ⣬ˣն߶Ҳ̫а˰ɣ
ԶϣһЦݣȻͬһ㣬¶ܹϵԺֲһͷֻǻԭڵĶ
ۿʾҪعԭλϻȴӿһɳ嶯ǳǿҵĳ嶯


1995 ˳嶯
ӿһǿҳ嶯óԸһΪɳ嶯ʽйٽǡڰʱ˻
Ҫ֪һֱŽģѪؾڽڿռҲΣյĸо˾֮£ӿɳ嶯ϲǲ֡
رǣڶ֮پͿҪ٣ݲóְء
ԥأϾҪɳ嶯ĨɱҪʱȴ͵һ£Σգǣȴһֱپ롣
ҸоΣգòҲоΣհɣ
Ժðһĵͷҡҡͷʵû뵽ԼʲôʸоΣյĶڿռ䡣
뵽ĳ嶯ӿˣһݣҪһѣϽ켣һ벷㿪ȥԼһ·ľɲǼԺһ
ʱඥ㣬̤ͼš֡Ȼɱȥлһ仰ˮۣǰǺ»ôȥ
ϳʣٴסܷӦҪסϣȴɫޱȵϸһץס
ǿҲٴ󺰴УһȫʩչڰʱӼΪķǿߣֱӱɢನ˳ȥڵϣǿһתӵĳ嶯ǣѹˣ뿴Ҫʲô
ʱ˿̣ڰʱɢܣȫȫ棬ȫʮֵĽ䱸ڿռͷʵڶءȵȸֶΣҲһӦ׼ãԷ⣬ϾΪİȫ˽Ĵڡ
˲䣬ϱǰ֡Ҫȥȴһȥ˾룬֮ǰͳϸ뿪ľһ
Ϊʲô
벻ȴٴαȥٶȾѭֺٶйصĹתǣ۳ѭ˶ٸ죬ٶж죬ʼնܽǶξ롣
ǳʹꡢһ׶ģҲǰ㶼ûסʣȻʩչģǿûиӦ
ڿ֮Уϵǹɳ嶯̨ףһ˼֮ǰҲڣûйĳ嶯ֱڰʱɣɳ嶯嶯ԾǱšڰʱȥģرǡʱ
ϼ֡أͬʱնһء۾֮ɫʵڶһʩչ뿴һǲǻҪ˿
һΣʵûˣǽڰʱ˳ʵľٶٴγ˵ϣǿߵĿ⣬һӾͶֱֱоڰʱתһȦЩһøڰܸǿǣȴƽˡ
æҪʵʽϡڰʱ
֡ײϣһɹĺȫһͣͬʱﻹһЩһ켴ˣɫһЦݣĶ񵱳ػ˵Ĺһڷšڰʱ
벻־Ȼֹܶ
ţͻش˲΢ȻһֵĹ֮Уˣջ֣ͬһ˲䣬ءɱ
ֱɢֿѷ죬ͬʱءҲü죻Ǳߣǿ߿һĻȵСӣ֪Ϸ˰ɣڰʱܹƵģ
Ϊڰʱǰ𣿡
ǿɫһͣת˲䣬һ£˵Ϸģ
Ƹҿ
ӹһĵĿ⣬Զһ̤ǿǰǿ˵ʲôȻţǿԺѾֳǾѪĻ棬ʲôٹܣ̤ҪԶѭͬʱӳŷ
ⱬޣǿߵٶҲ͵ؿޱȣȻô˻Ծ˳ȥġǵעȫڳϣʶԾתȥץ÷ǿʱѾе
ǿ߻ͷ롰ڰʱŵĳϺȵϣţ֮裬նٱ౨
£ǿתӣɫȻ䣬ƣϽͣ½Ų켴ٴתΪبڷǿ֮·ϵģŨŨģȫ͸ʡ
һɲ䣬ǿѾת˺򣬿ÿ߲ͨȫʣǿ߲ӲԼ֪ʻὫڰʱ³ȫΪϵԵʡ
ڣǿѾ·ˣе·ʷ£ΨпϵǸΧȦڣûʣǿ߿⣬ޱȵƣɱĶˡ
ʱ˵ͷɡ
£ֱһƱٿնǿ߸ǵ˵ϣ÷ǿ߸ã˵ǼˣߣҲߣԣúõشŰɡ
ˣǱסһҲɣڰʱʼǿǰʩչģǿ˰ٱֹ
ǿ߿Цźȣ¶飬ǿ˵ģҲףǱߣնһնǿߵѪȵұϡ
һСϸûȥãͦġءκסڰʱ۾ٴθּ֮ɫɢǿϢʵڶӭȥ


1956 غڶ
ֺءѹϼʵڶֱҪЩɢҵġڰʱڿռɣȻǿʵġڶȴǲܱ书һۣһԶڰʱ̽ȥŲСĵֿ
Ͽ϶ɵֿʣҪȻƾǿ߼ġڰʱԵסء֮Ҫʵڶǿأ
ǧͷһתϽ˸ոùġ֡͡ء֮ϣҪȡ֮ڽʵڶ棬ʵڶٴδ
ȻҲпںϲɹѾȥһһݣȵȫ֮ʱʩչкܶҪ⣬ʵΪһֱóϾú֣رӳһǿˡڰʱͺ಻֪ϸߣƴɱ֮ǰһ
ԣϾԲ¶һ棬Էʳûѡ
ԴڶŴúڶǿһ·ߵʵڶǣģԪž˵ǴƷԪű䵽ƷٵƷƷڳƷĴڡ
תʽɶûб
ҪģҪȡ֡Ǹܹػϵŵ㣬ʵڶ顢ʵ֮ÿһתͬȴܻȻһ塣
һ㣬ܹϾеȫڿռ䣬ƾϵںӦò̫ѡ
ֻÿһ棬õĲػʱֵֻ棬ǡء
ǵģءÿһ棬Ϊһ壬ʵڶת
һһѣûеˣʵԺﻹżĳţһʯһأһ㣬ڲ𣿡
ȻˣҲûһڳ¸ӣҪһλѡȥġءСأǱȽϼ򵥵أؽնġء
ͬʱЩء飬ʵԱõڣȻĻпܻʧܣµľʵվݲó
νĵϸ
һжڵʯ֮䣬չüΪ˳ϳɹؽ򵥵أÿһ棬Щʵڶתһ֡
ŵʱǱʱûбסķǿߣЦûУƾϵʵκβ˺ڰʱȻֿܹȥʱ䳤ˣˣʲô֣Ƕɣ
ǿ߿ЦУأǺڶΪغڶغڶ̣
һ£ʵڶһתתغڶغڶһǰѾɢҿġڰʱֱ˸ɸɾ˿档
ͬһ˲䣬͵ˣ
ǿߵĿЦҲȻֹͺԵˬʱͻȻҧһֻӬ˲һΪоԺӡҪǳϻˣ֮ĿԣǳǿͬĴǿ߸ղ˵ĻЩˬԣŷǿЦ׳ա
ϸĸšڰʱڰʱڿռʧˣֻһ˿޵ϢڿռַЩ仯ͬģڰʱ̽ڿռǹɳ嶯ûˡ
ʱΪʱʱ֮չֵģ
Ŵβ׽ЩϢȴǲö֪ԭһûмʶǳйϵҲͷǿʵʩչǿġڰʱйϵ
ҲֻѧһЩƤë
ϿٴԶʣüͷǱĸܣʮϢʱ󣬳ͻС󣬡Сʱӿʱ֮⣬û𣿱ܲУ
Сûлشϣֻǻһ󣬳˼ȥʱš¶һԣоųϸղ˵ʱ⡣
üٵʱһ¡غڶ˵غڶǿǰȣһߵһӴʥһֻǸտʼػԱǿڶҲԡ
϶ԡغڶڴ飬ʵڰ׹˵︺Ǳ˵ҲԺʵΪںϣˮ𡭡
⣬ҪҲÿһȥһءÿһܳһأһɳһء
ʰ飬ϳֽǿ£һӦֶ֮󣬳ޱһأܵĿռ䡢أմȾصϢ
Ϣü͵һãǻڳһ֮У֮ǰڡԨɭУٿϡƴɱҵһ·
Ŀڸ߿յĳϣ֪ѾȫԽӿģǶʼȴɣԽǿԽ׳׽ڵνѡ
ȴڷ׽šӡ֣˵ļ䣬Ѿ϶Ƿˡӡ֮ģȻͼڴ½ӵ£ƾӵȫܹǰͽնɱڴ۰ɣеһ
棿
ϲ׽֣һݣżǸˣ壬صĻ棬һĻĻ֮󣬳ԭӣ
Ȼ뵽һ㣬ɳȴûаɣоԼܵóĴ𰸣Щ֪һüͷںδ棬ʲôĿģҪϷҪݣ
˸ʣҶûд𰸣ǳϸҿ϶ӾΪ棡


1997 
ӵѾ£Ҳüӿٶˣ֪ӵ̹ܲװôӣ㲼µӣɲһӡ
꣬Ž˵ȻԸ⵱ӣǾͼȥɣЩǴģһһţȻɣԸֽŵģǾ
䵭ȴɭɭǵޱ飬ûһ˿ۣǻôã˵˵Ƿ֮Ǳ֮ǧ򱶵£Ƕ
ֻʤߵ־ģ㲻ǣҲкܴİտЦ󣬵ȫȫʧߣ˼ӡٲ½ƣ˼ҵһ֮䣬޷֮ܡ
Ȼӡ˵һ裬ϵĻȥ£ǳϼӳܣϼ裬ȴûаΥĳϾСҪġ
ڽҪԾն𣬽һ˵ɷй֮ʱص͵سһȺˣͬʱǱѴҲ˺˵Ҳ֣Щ˴ʱȴǷǳʵǳһͨ·ͺЩ˵ɢܣʱƿһ
ϼ״üͷһʱֵԽԽˣ˵ԶԶģ³һǣȴҪϷĸо뵽½
棬֮Уһ൱ǰ棬ǲҲһĶأ
ţص֮ѾһȣϣС
ȵֱ׳ȻͺҪһħƵģǡòõģʱĳȻǴڽ˵İΧ֮УȺէû֮ǰһϷˣԶΪǱΧɱټϳ϶ս³ġڰʱǱ
˰ֶ˵ųϾƺΣ֮ˣʵҲͣͬʱɢš򡱺͡򡱵ģְֻֻ̤֮Żڹ֮е
ˣǰȷʵܹݺյǿߣ죬ȴʵ˵䣬һ𣬡ӣּˣҾ˵ǺԵģ
̧ͷȥȥɨϾ֪˭ˣǱˣǳϹԶϹԶ˵仰͵ؿһߡ
һߣվС
ϹԶϸһ֮ųޱȲõЦݣ˵̤ЬٴȫѹԭҲҵԵˣ
ͬһ˲䣬ҲǸһĸоָоϹԶõǴϵͬʱлһ£ָоڿųϵʱҲ
ѵϳ˹ϵ
ʣйϵǳΪβ֣ң˿ϵңҲǺϵġ
Ȼʣȴô𾪣Ѿڳϵ֮ˣر˻£лǳԸϵУ٣Ա
ҳϣȴֲ˵ΪʲôĪǾΪ£
ţȴûע⵽վԱߵսĿҲֱȥսȴϹԶϹԶԱߵǸ׷ߡ
ҵϹԶˣҲڶս
Ҫ˵𣿡
ϵٴ𣬻£һ˻ӦУȻУϣ춴ģ㣿
ˣ٣
ˣԣԿϣб㼤ȴû¶֣ϻͷŻ٣˵첻ʵ𣿡
Ƕǰͣ
˵ּЦʵ֮죬Ҳǿôǿ㶼ˣϷ˵֮𣬱ضҪٱ黹
ȻһΣʵǣҽһʵĻ
ϿЩڶţʵϣڿռѾšغڶáغڶǿĿǰԸڶ֮ٵĴɱС
⣬ڿռǿ֮ʱϵֱҲϾ͸оڿ﷢һУܸоʱһ˼жϳЩ֮ǰˡ
Щʲôӣ
ŵʱȴ֪Ǽˣ֮ɫǵõϢ֮ʱϵʵô￴Ƕ̶̵ʱ䲻ʵȻˡ
ǲ²ţѵڻбʱóһ겻ʱ䣬ʱо˼ǧ겻ɣȻôǿ󣿡
ڳϵǿеϲеǡ
ǻɵģһƬŹֵʣžƱ仯
ʱϸоһϢԶϼӿ˲ϢϲŸоһӰȻ٣˻δȴ˳ˣϷüʱ
ˣ춴飡
һȣ飬ô㣿УŨŨ֮ζ
ڵʢᣬôûϷ򣿵ǲǺܾô̵ʱͽΪָʵ֮ǰһأ
˵֮ǵ֮յ˺ûʮ꣬ǻָ˵ģʱϿ˵ָ𣿡
һعŵʱͳʮֵĳޣתųʱʮֳޣһӱʮ֡
ϣǸϣ
ҡ
춴ȡϷĶֻޣҵļƻ


1998 ȥ
һʣֻϡҡ֣йһͨŭһδ˼¥鶴ȴǣԳϵĺޣԴڵŭȫתһ㡣
׿ڳϣ˵ܺãǳãԹԵġ
˵ͻӿһƻת˵ǰɣ벻
Ҫš
Ϻ˵شģȴ飬ǽŲڶߵĵڶ֮٣ЦˣЦҪңңٽԻˣҾпܸһ·

١ϹԶ˷ЦϹԶ˵춴ţȴһҪϣ
ʲôҲϷ̸
춴ȻˣȻ԰Щ춴ʵɣһԣϹԶҲŭЦţֻЦ֮УϹԶչֳʵ
һžĴϹԶΪֱһ̨ףȻǻ֮ŨŨϢϹԶվñȽϸߡ
ϹԶЦڹ𣿡
ˡ
ȻҲǾȣЩԳϵĺޱ㲻ʲôԣ̹Ȼ˵ˣֵǾĻš
ֶԳ˵Сӣ겻ǿǴĿܣռһ͹ˣϢʱ俼ǡ
Ͽ˵ϹԶʵˣ
Ȼԯ֮ҳҲ鵽ϹԶĸоϹԶѪϹԶͷϣ˵ܹ˴æأҪЩǳԴʯҲܳɹ
ŶӦøлˡ
ҲЦˣϹԶЦȷʵӦøл㣬İɣһúȡġģϹԶתͷС
ͬһ˲䣬ŵ˵ϲǵľȽǧټһľȽˣֻǵĴڣ֪ʲôо
֮ǰĻȻȫʧͬʱҲΪʲôгԤϵΧڣҲ֤ʵ֮ǰĲ²⣬Щ˶ǱųģһǷ֮
ǰϢп϶ǳ֣ϸղŵı֣˵˵飬֪Ǵһ٣Ҳ֪ǴڵĽѪؾۿڵѪؾںδ
ԣȻ̧ͷȥһƬޣһƬڣѿںȵѪؾأ
ûˡ
˵ͷֱųϣŪûģ
ǵġ

ţһ˲ЦˣЦѪؾûѪؾûˣ˵ǵĽûѵΪ־ƣǴڻܷ̲ɣ
㿴ȥ֪𣿡
һЦı֣üͷ˼һʵû뵽źڣʱǸʲôϵĲ㣬ѾȫûˣеˣҲ߼ΧţǸϣǱɢšϢǿ߰ΧţȻоЩҲһɵնɱ
ԣԳ˵Ϣʱ䣬Ѿˣ򲻹򣿡
ϱ۾ˣ˿ϹԶǵſ𱯰жɳûзҲûҶΪϡ
ȻԸڰǾͼȥסˡ
ϵǰ˵Ķ˴ŭأûгҲǣֻǵ˵ְɡ
顢˵֡ٴοЦ˵Сӣ˭֣Ⱥж𣿡
ָŴһȺ˵ߵҲЦԣֻЦеһζȴûó
Цδ䣬Ѿȵеӣһһţٶ뿪
һ仰ڿգڵȫɵˣٻЦţЦЦԸЦȥˣûȥɨΪڳǿô࣬ҪǺͱ˵ײʲôɲãȻҲûĴɨתۿܣܷΧֵֹġ
ʱһڳվ˳۲˼˵˵ʲô
ճϣѵû𣿡
Ҳţ
಻ŶνֻҪУ
ճɫһԥϢ֮վ˵֪Ϊʲô
ûΪʲôֻô
ӣճϰԥ޵˵֪ԭˡϷԴ
ǰϷ򣬿ճҪ췴ˡ
Ϸ򲻻ͬ⣬ھŴϣǧӣͬ⡣
ճ˵ôȻڵӣҲǳͣ⣬¶Цݣǣնһնһ򵶣򵶹켣Բͬ
һնӣֱնһֻһֻţϣڵ˻겻ᡢ𾪲֮ʱն˵ȥɣһֻһֻŶѣҲʲô˵飬ȥϰǵֽۣʱһᲹǵġ
Щ˭֪ԾˣΪԼᵽ˵ճϣڵеزʱҲˣһָ뷢ַ֮ɽŶϡ
ճϻһԼֽҲնһٿϵЦʱճ֪ԼһڵѡճҪ˵ˡ


1999 ʧʧ
ճҪģҪԶֽţȴѾһȭ£ȭ䣬ճ飬ӣһһҲ˷ĩ
ڵӶֽܵˣȵܵˣصöࣻΪ޵ľֽʲô¶ҪֽŴǰǰ״̬Ҳһǳ鷳¶񽣸ӣֻҪٴϤҵ뽣ĬĸоС
ȥһ󵤣
⻰˵ЩеĵӣһӾ˷ͬһ˲䣬ǿ빴ͷҲûзϻֱӳ֣֮˶ֽš
ͷ˵ֽţΪǺã֪ô֪ԸֽʲôǾ͵öˣڶȥɡ
ʵǰɲЩ˲ţ١ϹԶҲҲһ˿˿ЦݣýЩǾ˵Ʋסϣǳܸĺô
ٿЩˣֽҲɷֽҲûһԱߵǳ֮ɫȴޱϵţ˾ǴˣЩҲһҪڴˡ
һֱ飬һɨɨľǶֶϽ֮ˣ֮ǰȫһӿŭޣЦʵô
ɫѿڴ˼䣬ȺȻǸİŵߣתӣһ˲䣬ˣһն£˺ͬֱӱնޣԭûдڹһ
ڴ֮Уһ澡Ǿ֮ɫûƻǵԼӷʣ˵һȥϲ𣿺Щãкأ
ʱӸϲôģⲽĿģҲóȻҪҲҪѴ
£Ƿʲô
նΪʲô֮Υ֮Ͳ֮ŭ𣿡
˼⣬նѾɱ˹ɱĻнòӦԣͬʱǵķӦɱø͡
ֽŵ˳ˣûжϵҲ볷ȴǱһڵɱһս֮УҲ׼ٴǷ֮أҪԶѭһ۵ķ⣬ȴǰ鱻£ڻӦȭͷ
ϹԶȻɫǳѿȴǺ֮ˣֱȥĿĺܼ򵥣ץУõڵԯ֮󣬽䳹ҳϡ
ɱȥ䡢ѺӭսսȴϹԶԱһˣһȣػʣĶүү
սҸˣ˵֮
ƨ
㻹Ҫڤ粻𣿡
ϴģҪүүܹˣ
Ȼ㲻ʶ̧٣ͱֱʲˣ
죡
أ
սػƴɱϹԶüͷ壬ٿͳҲ·ǴŭȵƾǣҲɱ
ϹԶĴɱҪɽһ緢ӿһ֮УĴɱһ¾Ͷˣ˲Ѿ˲١
⵽ô¶
ϹԶ˻ңҲ֮⣬ת֮⴫ѶϢǱߣȴţһƴɱ䡢ǶӦͻˣٰСоʱ˲Ϣ֮ǵʵ̨ס
ţһӰֱϹԶӿɢŨޱȵϹԶȵıʲô侮ʯҲŹģ
ϻ࣬ɣ
ıǾĵ¯ȵ¯ΪУ¯ֱϹԶ
¯
һ飬ıһֹ֮УʱҪ䵽ϹԶϵ¯͵볣蹥ȥͬʱϹԶץС
һĻ仯̫죬˵ԤϣһΪ볤һйϵϵն֪ǰıڰϹԶæ
ȻҲû뵽ֹ֮ȴó϶һ񣬿ıͻɱͳ裬ϼǱܷӦʹˡ͵컻ա
һʽ͵컻գ͵ǾͳˣǳԼ
Ǻ¯ȫµʱ򣬶ϵľǳϼĺڶڶҲɢϢ¯ҪŨϢ
ı𿴵ϴ󾪣뻻ѾֻӲͷƤȥһҾҽڶһҶûٲӰҪΪ¯ڶˡ
켴ڶʧһȭıѿͬʱıеϸɸɾţתѻ
һ֮󣬳ԭô¶Ͳ룬ǵжԣϣȴͬһԴϧˡ
֣꣬ıͻһ̲Ѫ⡣
ԱߵϹԶ赭дͽı𾪷ˣղŴѶϢıΪˣԸһдۣŵĽȨȴϣ˴ۻģȻһѪ⡣
ͬʱϹԶޱȵĺڣ֪ڳţͼ¡նɱûгɳĻᣬڡ
ϹԶܣ϶ϣȻʵǣǳϵĶ֣ȻϹԶûܵÿһƷתɺڶɢǿϢϹԶֱӱȵ˾ͳǰ
ͳһ𾪶ûУֱȥ˵ģʹûɣҲѪģˣٸһ£ҵǳԴʯô̵ģ


2000 ڣڣ
ǳԴʯộʲô˼
ϹԶӦž˵ĹߺųϣԺﻹǰɱб飬˵˼
˵꣬ϲϹԶ˽նԸˣ˴˵ĲԾϹԶȴɫ䣬ٴתһǴɱУȻָоɱٴαжϡˡ
ϹԶԼΣʩչʽҪǵʲô¶ûУֻҪǸȣоͻᴫתڵԯ֮ѪҲĽ֡
ԯ֮Ѫ𣿡
ϹԶţȻ뵽ЩǳԴʯʱ򣬽ǳԴʯڽѪҺ֮У뵽⣬ϹԶµһֿܣĪЩǳԴʯֽţܹң
Ȼ²Ѿǰ˾ŲʮˣϹԶԶ뵽ǳԴʯǳԼŪģڽȥڳϵڿռ
ǱߣѾǰֱһءնϣٻ꣬ѻʹҪȥѴ˼䣬ɸոսӴꡰ顱һըˡ
걬顣
۾гһߣҲǶֽţѪЩ궯øѪˣǰȴֱӱˡ
ʱ˵¡
̹˵۾һĨ⣬ϱĿģΪȷϴǲ£ý˵ϱѾԲˣǣͻ뵽Լӻġᦡõһļ䣬ɥꡣ
£ϽǰѪ⡢Ƭȫɽڿռ䣬׼ȹ˵ڶ֮٣ЩܴܲõһЩӣյϢҲһ֣ҪһϷˣģȫһ֪
Χڵ˲٣ЩһӶֶϽŵ߳ٶȥɵۣع֮һߵڻһЩĴңҪˮ㣬õôˣȴܿ챻ڵĵӣн˸ɱˡ
з£ûдȥǣȴͣ˽ΪŮˣòϿһţһһƯŮ
ˣܿһˡ
ܿʱǿϲѾܾúܾûпŹζˣżʱϴľϲܹϵæ
ǣ֮Щϲȫת˵ǣ̫ڳϵϢȫǲõϢЩϢȫʾųϴΣ֮УرＸܵʦҲһʱǾ͸Ũˡ
֮£ܿҪٶȸڣʦȰڡŵȵɣȫǴɳһΧӣ½ɨһȥ
ܿûм磬ֻЦ˵ڣڣ
ĸ֣ܿ˼ȫȻʦһü˵ðɣΪʦһ⣬㲻Ҫ̫ϣ
˵֮ʱܿʦ𻹰вһȻʲô㲻һƬհס
ͬʱζҲ֮Уϧǣζ֮УֱӱŮӴĿĵأζϢһ֪
棬ŵЦݣΪڵĽѣ㳹׶ȹˣȻһδʧǳ󣬿˵ֱǧ򱶣رʣЩˣǾӢӣǮڣǾӢеľӢ
ϣޱȵĸм֮飬ǣ֪ڵĽѹˣǵľȽ˵ĽѣȴǼˡ
ҪȫԸȴǴΣӵϣ֣̤ǰʵϣʲô𣿡
ӡ
ϵ£ڳ֮ϣմϣͲжϡ塱ӿϵһʱ֪ϴ
ϡ
ʮ𾪣ȴ˳ϵĻ΢˵ӣұǽ֮ˣҲûʲôãǣԳ˵ʹ棻⣬Щ棬̺һľľսľЩӿУôӻǰձ
ǡ
Ϲ˵ʱΪʲôϻ˵㣬̫Ĺ仰гƬ֮ʣǰľٶϵ˵ֻʣһ㣬һ㣬Ǿеľ
Ϣ΢ˣȴˣ˵ӣȻںǿ󣬵Ҿ㻹ȱʲôȱʲôҾͲö֪ˣ⣬Ӳɴ⡣
ϣҼסˡ

ϲ˵ʲô۾ϣϸϽڿռӿ룬˵ӣҪ˷ˣ㻹кԶ·ҪߣƽˣҲЦȥ
ϣģҳŵֻҪһ죬߾ȫסڡ
ϵĳŵЦݸˣ֮Уȫ£۾ȫϣЦݻɢȻߵúܰġ
ĺ͵֪ںʱ˻ϵʬ幧ذݣΪڸ̫ࣻǮڵһڴڵӣֱӹڵϣߵף
ֱֱţϵӿһоرǸоԼ˼˲ɢȥԶԶǼʽ֦Ҷïÿ֧һƬ磡
󣬳ϼϵʬס𣬶󣬰ȥ
һݣݣݣ
֮󣬳о̧ͷգˣǾøҰɣ


2001 
ˣǾøЩɣ
ûΣ仰Աߵ˶ֵųϣǰЩ˶ǳɻ󣬲֪Ͽ˵ʲôˡ
ϹԶȴǳ˽Է㶵ĻᣬҪͷ𣬾ͱ볣סϼ״˵ؿڣѾʺھͻˡ
ͷһ𣬳˵䣬裬ӵˡ
á
ֻһ֣˳ߵøɾ䣬ҪһˣϹԶ˳ߣϽҪѪѭҲٹ˵ػʣѪҺոӿϱѪҺӿøӿʹϹԶͽѪѭֶʩչϹԶŭ֮ʣһʽءնϹԶֱѪ˺ۡ
㲻ɱңԯѪԯˣ
ϹԶϽţԯͷңϹԶĳϽѪҺȡˣĻе붼ΪλӰ
ԯ֮ѪϹԶ˵ĵƣ̣ǶԳ˵ȴ㲻ʲô෴ģϻеִԯ֮Ѫ˶˭֪ԯֲʲô֡
رüĵֻ۲ٳ֣óĸоŨˣϹԶǽޱȵĺ˵ģ㲻
ûжϹԶʩչƶû£ϹԶǳԴʯȫѪϻԸڿռƣϾҪȡѪҪأڿռǿϢ֮䣬ңǿҪȥء
ҪЩɢ̫࣬һЩＶϻڿռˣϰӼΪϹԶӸ˵ǡ
ӳȥϡ£˷ͬʱһ
ˡ
ӣģصؼ䡣
ġȫ̧ͷڵգʵﴫôϷоһꡢѪⶼ챻ɢĸоأ
ͬʱ֮һһ˲񣬺ȵߣߣ뿪Ƿ֮أｫ¼
ҪճСӣ׻ʲôֶΡ
ˣǷֱԳӪˣˣԶˣȴûȫ뿪ȻҲ뿴ֻŪʲô滹һˣñĿ⿴ųϣ翴һʬ壬ﻹҪɱˣûܹ
ǡˡĹڳ϶صŵģȴһ֡϶ŵһ˺ȵϵ壬뿪жԶԶ
ߣ
ȻҲŨŨĺģҪһۣǣϵ飬³һ֣ԥش˳ˣǸС
ڵһ뿪ʱǹʣҲȻһ˾ӣȾҪܣɾʱˣȵžŴ˳
ɲʱ䣬ƣҪ˿ʣȴһǰδеٶȣӿһѽ⽣ж೤֪жҲ֪
ֻ֪ǰʾγһѽ֮ٱȳϵٶȾѭǧ컹Ҫ죬ۿȥĵȻˣʼ˹
Ļû꣬УǱһѽʣѾһѵתꪣꪳɸȭȭԾ
һ˲䣬ʮ˰㳣״ת
أǰЩֻǵڶ֮ٵǰףȴѾȵһ֮ٵ󹥻Ҫˣֻǿʼ滹ʲô
˺֮ƣϲܷؽؽ˵նԴ٣Ȼնڶ֮٣ң㣬ԡѪս
һءն£˿̵ġءӷḻǣءȥͻûնǰءѾƣƿһء顣
ءʽѾǳܹõóĴʽˣǰ棬ȴʲô㲻ϣʸûС
Ľ֣һȶûУԤ֮Уǰԡءڰʱʱ򣬾Լߣ˵ڡ֮١Ĺ
ڱأ죬֮죡أ֮أն
ٴνؽն£أϱҵġءײϣֻǸոջһƵʸײɢһ㣬Ĵۣءֱӱˡ
ײɢһʣͬʱء͡͵컻աءóһʣ켴ɵؽһڿռ䣬ǱԽԽƵġغڶ䡣
֮٣һ˿Բһע⣬ıˣԣÿһǿʵĻᣬ˷ѵǱߣڶΡءײȥȴûײɢʲôȴǷն롣
Ѿӵʣ˳ϣʱĳϣȴǳ˽൲£ǾԶԶıüεӣҷˣͷѵġꡱ
Ҫ֪Щͷˡԯ֮ǡĹͷͬһ㣬ǰȴһסֻһóˣǱʮ֣ڿռġغڶ𵴲ѡ
һشĳϣҲûջеǵһģֻʸڸˡ
ҲͬƴɱƲã


2002 ڶȽ
һˣһǳϵӣᱻˡ
ǣľ֮£Ȼûжáغڶŵƣ⻹ֻǸտʼҪǾͶˣǺô죿
ϼ֣ٳ棬ÿһƻһ棬˴֮䣬໥ȴٲȻһ壬ʱʻն£л㱻ն飬֮ʧɾҲӲȥţ֣ոշӵ֮ڣֵˡ
Ӳɲ䣬ٴιâһΣȴ֮⣬Ƿ⣬棬˲ǧסꡢ񡱶ģԡػ֮Чںϡһ
Ҷ
ʱʻɵĽڳͷϿգ֮ǣ͵ġġܣǧ֮һϢʱ䶼ûжס
Ϊ⽣˵

ڳ׼ؽǧһ֮նһοʱ׼ءȻءȻûȫסǵնƣؽ֮ϡ
۳ĵģûʵģȴƫƫײ˴̶Ľؽ֮ϣһССȱڡ
⣬ؽ֮ϻһɾ޴ֱϸ˳ȥڵ֮УԺǧתһ׶ܹסʣϧֻסΣס䱾ʣ˵Ҫñȶĸķġ
뵽۾һ켴ӴĵʱҲ̣ǣ治֪ȶĸ߼ķʲô
뵽ģֻоı춨ġ
Σһ㶼óɿѾһϱ޴Ѿ˲ôֱ࣬ʹ֣ױ춨ġ
ͬʱΪԷһҲ׼ƺӿؽھȫתءУںǧ似Ǭ似ڼϺʵϼǿ
⣬ϻ¥˹൲
Щʱͻظоӱסˣռ䶼֣ϼ״ȵУȻȫסȴ֮Ч
£ƴȫűĶģ¥Ҳǰǧ׶£ԽԽһϢ֮䣬ѱȫס
˻棬һɵĸоûУ֪оΣյʣ֮ٵĴ߶£׾ͱƷҪҲˡ֮١ͷ
뵽ʾ¶ϿȥֻƬ׵ʣԶӿһˣǧˣֻһ
ɾһڵˣӿУȴǧ˶ȲƣϿ⣬ʱȥǣ֮˾ӿǰסıӣֱӱײƣʩչĶȫЧ֮ȴֻһͷؿ¡
ϷӦǿˣһϵжǰˣʩչ涨ĸֻüϵ¥ؽ
һ£ûбȫҪĵ¥ͱն룬ͷƲնơء˳֮ϡ
Ѫӿˣȥʹ߽Ѫϣ߽ʩչű涨ģͷնµٶȸͬʱϽ¥̽ڣڡ
Σ֮£˳Ѫƺǿ˲٣ı涨ҲǹЧŽͷն֮ϵϵٶ档
Ȼ󣬳ϲɨȥԼŲλһǵĸۣѪⷭڿռγ֮󣬳һܵôصˡ
ңƣϣڳϵ֮ϣϸоԼУҲһ˿ڣ궼ˣҲͰˡ
صǣϵڿռ䣬ǽǧɵĴ֮ϣҲһѺۣѺ۴ϹᴩبޱȵشĿģ
ڿռ䣬Ǹ
٣϶Ҵ档
ڿռѺۣó鵽Լޱȳ磬ĻݽߵЩĸоʹóϴ󾪣ûˣٶ࣬ʲôȥֵأ
֮ǰ뷨Ǵġ
ţڶ֮ٻûȫ߳óƣңȴҪóеĵƣҪȻȵڶ֮ٿҾҪЩˡ
ŵʱ򣬰صĽ̸ţһ˵ЩǰԶԶģΪʲôϣҽַȫδţδ
Ӧú֮ǰйϵ
Ǵʲô
֪Ҹоٲߣһܳǣ
ǣΪʲô
֪
ҿܣ֧Ų˶ˣûһֱ𣿡
ҪǻңĹҲòȥҪǳ֮ˣܶȹǰѻĻҳҾͶһ侪ţ
ţܱȵùۣ
Դ˵ĲΪȻղ˵ˣȴסˣﲻͣ߶šѡ֣κȻ˵ڶȽ٣
Ƚ٣
һֱԳϵˣЦܣ⿴óʲôн٣ǽٵ٣Ƿ׽٣Ǵ˵еѪ٣ǰĶǣ
ȻҲ֪ڶʲô٣֪ҪǶȹˣԻᷢ츲صı仯
϶ȲˣȹˣҰسңһѪǳѪҲֻ·һˣ
ֳ֧ϵˣĬˣֱֱضţ´һ㶫ߣٴη˱仯


2003 ѷ죬տ
ӱסִӺӿһˣ֮ǰеľǣ֮˺棬һĲƣ֮ǰˣ⻬ޱȣƽ
вͬǣٶȱ֮ǰأҪһǧӿ֮·ʱȴ͵ͣһӾʹӼԾ
ˣȻΪԼı涨ĹЧ쵽Զ֮ͣ˵һֱöҰڣƴܶסǰͷǰѸͷ⣬
ӿһɸΣյĸоٲɣѾһȽƵġءġغڶóһն
óŴƣȫʣܱǿǿ
ͷո꣬Ŀ⣬Ȼ͵ֱˣԲԲģۺӿ𾪣ֻΪؾֹˣһŹЩƣȴ۳һң
ֲã
һӻȻ
Զ
ȻòӿǰˣʱϽغڶʮٱƴеųڿռѷӿˡ
о⣬ʶԼܲӵȡʸⳡ֮Уǣ˿̵ĳϿɹ˲ô࣬ƴسȡ
ЦһͷܽڿռնһѺۣҪǱ⹭У䵽ǺɾͲˣԣֹʣҲȥ
ˡ
죬޼
ǣܵʣȴ߷ֿԷ򣬺Ƴһѹȣ϶סĸͷҲ֮Ӱ٣ûʧӾһȴεļˡ
ĲӣСغڶϸоֻڴغڶҪԼڿռһȣת
ʱغڶССͬʱתٶȼټӿ죬ЩμƵġءҲϣڣγµġء
̺ģǳѪؾʱõġ롰̫
飬ںϣںϣ顭
ĳ˲Σϲ֪ڿռȡ˶ֻǱڿռᰣоԼڶ̶ʱڣΧĻʹ±˻ңСڵĺ棬Ҷ
Ĵ󣬿⡰μǾٶȣϾȻȫֹͣó˴ϰĻᡣ
ûȴμҪ볹⽫ֹͣԶԶģֻнΪá
ڿռѷ죬Ҿϣغڶ
һھѪغڶչֳǿֲܿ죬Ͼ͸о˽֮һġμʱϽڿռѷ촦ȻһЩֻǺϵķǳС΢΢
Ȼֻһ㣬ɳȴǴпϣٶȥʮϢʱ䣬Ͼܹμȫˡ
ϧ˵ʮϢ䣬ϾϢĻᶼûˣǰٴӿβٻ֮״ôѹ
ɫһ䣬ֽ涨ʩչ˼£ǣҲסѹĽŲ˲䲼󷨣ϣҲûܵסһУԾ
ԵǰЩСֶζûãҪǰ֡
ͷϣϵǱܣһٱμֱ֮һʣµ֮һμʽѹȵغڶʱˡغڶڿռ档
μû£ֱſգǼʽȻǱſǿŵ̫ȥ
غڶҼ
ϴ󾪣һȣڿռʱתغڶ̾ǸμغڶҪ棬ʣؽնġغڶѹˡ
ͬһ˲䣬μת顱һҲоμڿռУѾһʱڿռʼͨǸй©
һĻóޱľ֮ʱŹ֮Уڿռ棬˵й©ҲйѪŶԣǣûио˿Ѫ⣬ľǸȻûˣȥδ֪಻
⻼أԼʽŰ֮࣬׾ǳĺȦһڼСš
ޱأȡڿռǿ׳šغڶݻһءԴʣΪ
ֻǣԶԶϲϳĵ
ô죿
Լƴš
ǸԳϵˣ˵ˣڵʣȫɣоҲġ
Ҳһ
һѵľ֮£ܻ𣿡
Ҳ֪
ǲ͵ˣ㶼֪
Լȴ֪
ԣǸЦݣ˵ҲãˣǾͲ鷳ˡ
ԸԼ鷳һ㣬ѵ㲻֪һˣܹҴʲô𣿡
ֻ֪о۾͹ˡ
ֳ֧ϵĲһߣҲ˵Ҷ֣ˡ
һˣüͷȴǽţڿǣΪ֮ǰʩչġءΪϤĶţöԪָܻ٣
ĳϣ֪Լܻܲ֪ԼƴȥǧͷҲûʲô÷̧ͷٿһԶʺ󣬳̤ȥ


2004 ڡɽѰ
غڶȷʵǿɵԽԽ࣬ǣһ޾ʰΧ֮£ɵľԲˣ֮ڿռڲϵй¶˾ƳĻҰܵĿ϶ǳϡ
˴ʩչı涨ģ뽫ʶסкԶԶһξ룬󷨡ȵֶʱҲУԣΨб䡣
䣬л·
ϵı䣬Ȼ֪ɽлƫɽУ
ϹƣӴʣǡɽûġһУϷĽǡ
ҪҵģģƵġ
ܽǡɽҲͨˣϾʱΣȻҪ򡰻ȵ롰ɽң롰ɽĹҲΣյģԲһע⣬ٻ֣֮ϡˣΣյʱ
ϱѡˣΨǰС
ҲçײǰȥѾһ⡣
ϽغڶСظԼϣʱʽ׷Ÿҧ˺ѡغڶ˫ȻĿ⣬غڶ¶һ졣
˲䣬ʷӿ϶֮Уϵʼ٣ǳڿռ䣬ûбڿռġغڶʣ㿪ʼŰڿռ䡣
գأǧѺۣɽʼСɽϵĵҶεøɸɾɽɺԣ̶ˮҲڼ½
գ֮䣬ƺ͵˲ȵĵزһжĳϣȴûȥᣬŰֻƴʡ
ͬʱϻʩչšаٱ䡱
ϵı䣬аٱеһ䣻ϱĶˣһˣһΣҪģˣǰʡ
һ˵ҪɢһģһϢ
ɽ룬ͰԼɡɽڽɽΪɽһ֣
ֻⲻһ˵ܱģԣڲͣţٽⲿִʵתаٱ䡱ɢʵϢ
˼ɣԻƣɳϺܿͷ֣ȥԼûбʵϢڿռҪȫռˣֿѷ죬ֿҲϲˣԽԽ
뾡µغڶԲҲûôʱظӷḻţ۾һ뵽ʲôأڿռ䡭ֻһˡ
ͷ䶨һǳĶڿռġغڶֱӸɢˣʱûˡغڶǣƵʣӲˡ
ϴ˾٣ȷʵԻٳǣԼھ֮أǣһ˲䣬ϽСڡСŮȫһԶŽ̶ˮ֮Уڿռ
𵴣һСɵģҪģǳϵԭ򣬳ڿռ𵴣Ǻ𵴣Ҫԡغڶתʽ𵴡
ҪԵģҪڿռ䶼ΪءغڶеġءҲڿռΪģݻḻݻöôḻô棬ܺʵʵڿռأ
һ뷨ɡ֮ģ
ܿأ¡ǳתˣաҲһתɽˮڿռеһУΪ˺ڶתһ֡
ڿռ仯תЩŰķʣʼˣЩҪӿȥѷʣٶҲȵôѷ촦ʱʮѾɢʧ߰˷֣ȫڿռˣʣµһѷϣ˺Ҳʹ١
ŸտʼܣȫתĻ
۾ֱ䣬ƴȫÿһ˲䣬һڷı仯ڿռ磬Ҳһ۶ø
һߣ󣻶ߣҪߡ
Ǳܵδ˿̸ͬʯĥ붹ĩһһ㱻ĥϺںֻҪڣܡ
ĿǰҪģǱʵϢڿռûнڿռ䣬ȫˡаٱ䡱֮ϡ
ϢѣģϢѾôһ˿ζˣȻȫģ⣬ظоʶĹ
Ȼã֮٣ҲǲܹƭģֻҪõλ
ͷԺ˸ʵĹٶȸǿ죬ϢԽԽӽڱʣֵ¹
ˣγһѭ
Ϣӽӽʣس²ϵġغڶʵĸȥΪ˸ʣڿռ䶼ʵϢӵÿһط
ʮϢʱȥϴﵽ⣬ȫɢһģһϢЩ˿ȥȫһľףΪϾվǵõĽȴǲǳϣһʣ
ô¶
˶ʳ뵽ѵҵƽķ𣿡ȴ뵽ǲѾʸͬˣʧȥʶҪȻô
ȷʵ뷨ƺеݣΪ˿̵ĳϣѾȫûһڳϵһϢûˡ
ڿռʣٲҪĶΪ˳ϵ֮ͣɳϼȡû˿⣬ѾڽɽˣҪ¶һ㲻ԾһɱͲˡ
ϱ޲ڿռĴѷտѰеġ


2005 
Ƕǡ
ʣȴʡ
Ͼ޾Ѱţһʱܲͺ֮ٵļѾɢƵģ֮پûʧܹƭ֮µʲȴƭ֮پʹʧٴ˿̵ĳ
ңҲ֮پʹʧǧ࣬òײ֮٣ҪǾʧˣڿռơ
ȻɸҲܹڿռƣǣƣֻĻۣҪһʣҪ֮١
ƽǱ֮ǰƽˣԽƽȻ͸Ͼ͵Ҫڱ֮ǰԼǿ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˺ܶʣڽڿռĴѷտպˣֻ̫ȹ̡
ͬʱҲǿ
ԽԽ࣬ϾԵط֣кܶۼߣóϾЩ죬Ϊ⿿ȫĽвĿ
ʲô
ţһɨԶвپ¡ʣСɽͷһСɽͷΧҲвʿԽ࣬ЩСɽͷͱԽԽƺɽת䡣
⣬ԺһЩҪĶȴûȫץסʱֿǳһĻȴǸոձɡɽ״ʣǸСɽͷײ˹ȥ
һײ֮£Сɽͷûˣɽߡ
˳棬ƻһӾ͵˳ϵ˼֮ǰԼ뵽Ķ͵ԺⲻСͬĹ
뵱Сֻһ͵֥ɺ棬ǿɣߵ˵ģΪ֥ɺ
ʵ൱һϵСÿɱһͷ죬Щ֥ɺ治ҲͳСĲ
ϣǸɽײСɽͷÿһ俿ʾԽԽ࣬ɽƹѩһ˲üΪ׳
ϿǰɣüͷýôǱʹڵģǱ֮ٿƺģ֮ǰʻΪʱҲֻûгΪһԱ㲻˽⣿ʼΪʲôηң
Ȼʣɳ϶Ѱȴһ򣬡Щɡͬʱ޿̶ţһ·ȥΪߵһɽֻ
ϻû˵ԼĲ²⣬ɽȻѾΪСɽͷĳײǼʽԻǸûϷ϶һײܰѳСɽͷݻ٣Լ
ô״бжƵĳϣֱӳȥɽֱӿڳΧʸɢһ·ײȥֱײڳϣײڿռ
Ȼ۳ɵģѾΡ֮еġɽʧˡ
һġɽʣµһַ˳׳ʡ
һµġɽƬﵮɨҶ㣬ϯȥ۶ô۶ôӴʸɽڳǰֻб̵ķݶ
°˷֮УϿĻ棬ƬȺɽײܾˣȫЩɢʣͺͨһʲô
óɻˣʲôʹʳ˱仯ǿ׳Ϊʲôֻбߵɽˡ
Լ֪˶Զ֮УϸоеĿռ䣬ƺе㲻ԾԾʱо͸
ĬţʮϢĹ򣬳ϾԼΪģһԾΪ˷ԲǧһΰɽӲͬŵ޾󺣣ƺƵ
鲻ԽأϽȺɽʮɽģ
ʱ䣬ȺɽǧﷶΧչǧһǧ
չֹɢȥһ
Ȼɢ֮Уڿռ䲻ǰǿ׳ѷ졢ʲôģʧӰ٣Ҳ
֮УϳŻᣬǬĵھҲͨˣ˿̣ʰţ⣬ռǳСݺõǳѨȫͨˣܼǧٿţ
УϽѭһ飬ѭӿ٣Ӽ㣻һЩɢûֹͣ
ֱչʮȻʱ־ۼΧ޾ʣʼ໥ѹ໥ںѪؾһ
໥ѹںϵٶȷǳ죬ת֮䣬ʮͱɾǧɣǾǧŰٳߡ
ѹ֮УϸоµĶɣϢ仯ҳϽںϵɽһ㣬ڿռϢͻŨ
˼֮䣬ѹŰپʮ磡
һںѾʼϵϮ
ϸоΣ٣ܾںϣݼ̱ᱩ¶ϴ˿Ѿ뵽棬仯ǵ˷ǳؼֱ֮¶֮ٺ£ʷֻüǿڿռ䣬Ҳֲ˷ӣͻᱻƵøɸɾ
ԣܳ׵ںϡ
ϽģϽаٱ䡱ת£еȫתʵϢرǸ̶СؿԼ壬һƵʣںš
ںϣһεϴ跥һ
ܿ죬ϱںϳһźɫӣĳһֱɶȥ


2006 ֨
ڶΡ֮١ȷ棬һӲӲԽˮļƴɱȴóôһ䣬˷룬ޱ
ڣʼٸߣѾһźɫӵĳϣҲ֪һʲôֽҪȥδ
ĳһḶ́꣬һ˲䣬ⲻǿռб仯ʱҲ˱仯ȫ׽͸
ʱռԱ仯⵽ʲôò֮ٸ˸ɣ
˼ŵʱ򣬰ЩˣѾȫʧȥ˳ϵӰǸԳϵĳˣѾţˣʵһ֡
ֳ֧ϼҵǸˣȻ˵ȴǴһϣϣ漣֣ˣͬҲǸ˼
϶ȵһ֮ٵʱ򣬻ûγڿռ䣬ǿʣҲƶѣҶȽ֮½ǲĻ֮£ԣ֪֮ˣ١
ڶ֮ȴһȻڴڶȵģͷϲûǲڲͬĺĻƺƴ˹˲˵ע⣬бҡ
ýģȫ÷ǳԶģûֶεģ˲Щ֮˸Ĵ𰸣һⶼǣ㲻Ҫǿģܵɣ书ģֱɢܵǴ
޾Уһ߸ţ̤նУͻڴ۾ﾫһһҪȥļʽת˲֮䣬оɢȡ֮⡢ɢ˵оƣӣô¸ƬƬҺθɣƣӿɲˣҪˡ
켴
ЩϽԲ֪أĲǸоˣšһʣûȥоԼ˲תأǵµĵطһϲҿ϶
ţϱ㡰ǰһʵģҲ֪ʲô
Ҳȥ̽ңһֱȥ̽ˣҲκνţѵɽеġ
ǡʱϿ˷кСĺɫӣǰȥٶȱҪ죬ЩɫǴģǲǺҵγɹһɶɣ
ţֿʵĶһ£Щɫӱɿ˽ȥٽ룬Ͼ͵ĵˡ֨֨ıתġаٱ䡱ֱӱѾڿռ󱬶꣬𡭡
ˣ岻ɣ
дһε֮٣Ӵ˲⣬ȴʮǿĶȴоЩϤ֮С
ôϤأ
ɻţԥҪҪʱҲɫһ˽ȥϻƣϸоԼҪˣͬʱҲһͷЩ˻ҧʱ
ͷóϴ󾪣ǳԶܣʵ̫˰ɣرʾǷֱ仯γɵӣȻֻĳʳʵ̫˼
ϲҿ϶ͷ滹Ǽ٣Ѿ׼ˣΪǰЩɫӱҧ֮󣬾Ѿʧˣϲʧʧ
ǺڳҲǰҪɡ֨һʱʩչĿǰܵʽڿռתţײȥʱϱоײһӲϣؾ
һײûײʲôǽϸȥֱӱѣתŵڿռҲ˲侲ֹ켴ѿһѺ۳֡
ڿռıѣֹܿͣˣֹͣʮط
ͬʱʵĶҲһӾֹĺɫȥˣҲС֨ȻǱɫӸŪˡ
Ͽʮط취ʱʵֶˣʱָоһղŵĶ̡
ϸ𾪣ȴƵɽˮĵزѿڿռȻתǹǿʵϢŨɳΪǰǶĶ֡
ȫһͽԸǹֶֻһԼɼľƣӳ죬һε֮٣ڲͬн˿ƣ֮أҲ˿ƵģĶ
ѵľߵͷ𣿡
ıĲҪػζǣôĳŵǣǧ㲻Ը㲻ᣬ˿̣òѾ
ҲĬĬ£ʲôһаɣ
ϻָһУԱ׼ţꡢڿռȵȶɣеĶҪһ𱬣ˣ
£ϽۻޱȵһʱʵĶͻһȻֹϸоԼǰײǸѾҧϣ°붡㣬ϵһ
ͻȻо״ϸϽֹͣԱĶͬʱǧת˰Ķȫһ飬ʱעǿʵϢ档
˵ҵ켣Ƭ֮£ǿʡ
̣Ͻȫת϶ߵһУһ˵ζļУóҪĸоóס
УϸоԼ˳ȥٶȱʱ򱶣ʵѾΧʲôֻǾúϤǰ·
һ֮󣬼ʧˣڳǰģһƬĴӵʡ


2007 ȫ
ǰʣһ𣬶Ƿѳ飬ÿһ鶼ƴӣ³ĳϣ㲻ʲô״Ϊʲôת䡣
ɾǣؼͬģ۵϶ͳˡ֣ϻһ飬ԥʩչغڶѪؾķʽЩɢʡ
ȻȫôǸ֮ӳģڿռֵѺۣȴڸ߳ϣҪ״̬ȥԽ֮٣Ѱ·
ʵʱ򣬳ͻظоԾԴ֮У̹ʿɲ٣ǣûд˿̵ôŨرΧģƷױȻɺɫʱĶҪߡ
оһѿ˵Դ
ŵԴζȻϢܵ΢ǳԴʯɱԴҺͬȴ˿˿ƣţЩԴĶģǰûУ
ͷǧת뵽ĻǸʵĶֻǶŪòǹֶҳʱ򣬸İɣ
뵽Ǹֶ˼ɢǸֶʲôͷôֶʲô᲻ᱻ֮ٿңĻҸԸн֮٣ģ
ʱЩȴһرǸԳϻعҵˣ۵ĲţôûأЩͬˡ
Щ˿ӣ
ֳ֧ϵˣЦ˵ųϵĿͣΪ£ЦţЦһͣüͷ壬˵ߣ뿪ٲ뿪ġ
ҪôҶҪóһǷԸҪǽȥѪˣϷǿˣ
˵ֳ֧ϵһ룬ҲɫԽԽأôɼ˺벻ͨ˺Ӻζ
һߣͲóϾˣɫˣ֮أһҲţϾǵǬ似ˣûô
ߣϽʶЩʱ֮̾󣬾Ҳûٲһڣͺ⴦ʱǸֶһ
ŵĹֶ˿Ҳ뿪ԭλãط񱼣˹ֶ֮ռ飬½ʧǳ䡭
ȻЩһ֪
Ҳƣ֮ٲǹֶƹܵĻ֮ǰЩֶξûбҪˣֱӽǹֶŪһ㷭ĻᶼûС
ʱעڿռ䣬ЩšԴ֮Ϣڿռڿռѷ죬ֺ˲٣ȻȫպϣǵϽǿҲڽѷʱǼǿȸʤ֮ǰ
ڣӦһս֮˰ɣ
ţһ죬£ضϣǸֶѾǡ֮١ĵˣĺϷϳˣ
ţʮϢȥҲûиоа쳣״֣ȫǷҲƽҲϢҲϼ״ԽԽε֮ٷǳ졣
ϲصġǳһרܵģ½ĺܶ˶ˣЩˣȻҲˡߵȥĽն䡢ǣǵҲˣЩֶϽҪ뿪Ƭ½ˣҲںš֡
ˣħޡ޵ȵȣЩǵĶˡ
ֻġȫһ˵ˣ¡Уǻһ飬켴оһǿ룬ǿǴûнӴġ
ʵڿǡ
Գ֮¶ϲ˵ǿҸо̤˸ߵľ磬ǱҵǱˡ
Ѿ߲ˡ
ֳ֧ϵص˵ﻹſֻš
߲ʲô߲ʵصҵĻ
˵𾢣ͻǲȻ̤ǰȥˣˣƴҪסԼͣȫͣ˵ôˣôܿԼӣҡ
֮£˭ƽ޹ʵظһô㸶۵ģǸ۵ʱˡ
ֳ֧ϵüͷѾһɽԼµԼ֮ǰΪʲôԳϲԤˣ¾ȥ˳ϡ
˵˼άǣȫܿƣɵֿΧ˺ܶӰȥԶڸǵص޿񳱣ɽҲڱܣҲڿ񱼣ϵƶ䣬ƺҲϻ۶
ʼЩߵúգۼ䣬ǳ׹һ㣬ϣģǷ֮նɱϵˡ

嵽һǧ״ʲôû˵һնΪ⽣ȫռն룬Χ״Ҳע⵽ˣЩ˳һʱ仹û֮ܺ͡١ϵ˵óˣ
˵֮УһСءնס˵ĹóЩǣءȻˣǹûбȫ١
ϿˣնУŵ
ǰЦϣˡ
˭
㲻Ҫ֪˭ֻҪ֪Լˣ˵ˣûܹȥģ
ˣ
Ͼ׽ţΧǰ


2008 úݵ֮
˭
ʣ
˵һն£նغڶסĹͬʱüͷһ壬ĹоϤĶ
һ£Ҫ죬϶ų˵˭
Գϵ˽г껣ȵϷ˭㻹ûʸֻ֪Ҫ֪ðˣҪĴۣ
ֳ֧ϵĳҪ˵һЩοϵĻȴ˵дΪ˿Ѿҿ϶ڶȽ٣ȴǲ֪϶ȵʲô٣Ȼ㣬һͰǿƵôס
ˣ
һ飬һˣأ
ܻұ֪㣡
ϵһͷоԽԽ죬֮ûȴôЩˣ˿ӣҲЩ֡
Щǲӵʱֿ˵ĺ͵ȴڵӵӰϲʵôˣ
ǣϵʻûеõش𣬵ĵȫĬˡ

˫гһߣ˵ĲܲشŶԣڵĲشǾ˵˴⣬ȥնסˣҲΧ
أתʩչȴǷ֣ƲסǣǶµĽƣҲûаô
Ч
оȷڣһȫõ״㵱ؾ֮ƴɱ֮ʱҲܹɴ˿ȴʸĶû
˵סǵĶȡƷ׸ߵ̫ˣ˭ôı£ĿƱúô
ϵһ뵽ӣӿֶȷʵҲпܣòӣȫƵĻӡ桱ķ
ţǿѾϣķǺٽϷһԣڰʱǿ˵ţһкڰʱӿɱ
оâֱΪоǿٴʩչġڰʱ֮ǰǿ̫ˣǱ̽ȥ³ġڰʱȲǰڰʱɢܡ
һͱôǿ֮ǰǼΪɣʲôӣ
ţغڶֱӽڰʱ˽ڿռתغڶʮǿ⡰ڰʱȴһܵĸо
ϵ޹ĲǿߴЦϣ㲻ǺҲûˣ֣Ϊҷֵϡ
ûᣬŵͬʱֿ顢ϹԶٵһˣЩǰֿҪ״̬ɴ˿̸϶ɢ׺ܣɱȻ
Цϣ춴֮ҪѪ
ٺȵҵ裬Ҫǧ򱶵س㣡
ϹԶЦ˵㲻ܿٿ
ϵȴָӲϹԶѪеǳԴʯƱˣüڿռƶǿסǵĵʲôΪһʵôǿ
ϹԶ״Цϣԯ֮ǣҪˡ
켴ϹԶɱȫÿһ˶ǴɱУÿһжҪóأû̫ȣѾԤ֮УΪ𾪵ǣԶֳ˾䡢ǵӰ
䣡
䵹зӦʹ֮ɫɾǰ仰˵ɢǿܵӣԽԽţҲһնһȴն򵾹ȣϢŨ¡
裡
ս񣡡
Ǯڣ

ϵһȣûлǣҲ֪ӣЩ£ҲһƬˣ䡢ǶֵܣǾɱС
ΨһĿܣǱסˡ
ؼ䣬޵Ӱ˶ֶϽŵȸӰһĻĻﻹ׷ʲô£
úݵ֮٣
벻֮ٵĿ֮⣬ʲôڿռƸ֮ûпǸֶǰȴǿôණң
ҪңƫҪƶˣкξ壿
ϴţȥٶȾѭţһɱȥϷԼٶҲ˺üΣϲ²ʵĹͣûʱȥܿ˵Ĺؽ
ؽնءȭͷغڶַٳǧ𣬽˰ΧһĴӱ򹥻סˡ
ϱ뽫ڿռꡢ޵ȵȸӳսɿǶƣϱͷ˼ɽǸӳûгΪΪ
Ȼ͵컻աһУϸʹ¯࣬ҡ͵컻աһ൱ãȻһȺʵĵˣ˫ȭѵ֡
С͵컻աڣǾͲһˡ
磬ġָǿաɱУҪնڳϣȴΪϵնʩչġǬƴɱ֮ʱϻǵھڿռҪȻûȫָڿռ䣬ֲ֧ƴɱôʱ䡣
ǵڶ֮ٵ߷𣿡
ţɾȴöֻ֪֪ǰǸˣʹһǳϤ似ǬԪն


2009 Ҫԯ֮Ѫ
ǬԪն
ϴ˳ʵǬڵˣ
Ȩ֪
ǱޱȵɱϵǬԪնû˶ϰ֣ʤ֣ɳȴЩȻ˿̾Σ뵽ʦԸпʵ֣ΣľƺҲôΣˣңϻӾٱ
ͬʱϻλǬˣȻҲ֮ٿƣûЩأ˵Ļˣܹ˵ģȫǳɱ֮
ǬԪննûáغڶȥӭӣһؽץģŽԽԽŨǿϢת𡰾תǬ롰Ǭľעؽ֮ϡ
켴һն£ȻǬԪն
ǬԪնҪλǬ֤ԼȻԸ˭֤ɳϲΪԼΪħʦ
Ǭ˿Ϊ۾Ȼ⣬һ˲䣬ǡǬԪնһ𣬾ҵײܲҰϿף֮УϽȫڽڡ
Угϵڿռ֮⣬Ǭ˵Ǭ˵УӡתǬ롰Ǭԣĸ߽ס
ͬʱȭͷײȥͬʱؽն飬ֽĵǣס͵컻աͳĹ˳껵ɱС
ڳϿ˵ʱǬҲ˳һȻֻһ˳ٲһԺԲƣǬףղһǡǬԪնײûӮ
ΪϲרźһƴɱҪͬʱӦôˣڶġǬɱȳϸ߼ö࣬Ǭء
ϣ˲Ƿ˵ǰ㣬Ȼ̫ϧҲ̫ˡ
ǬȻţѾʹ˱ǬԪնӸ似ĵ֮һҲܿƵģֻ˵ţɡ
ͬʱҲ˼ӿ֮ٿɱˣ˵ԳĶǣûȫΪһܣȻԼ˼ʶǬڵˣôǬڳ˹ϵ
ǬڣȴüͷһҪô˻ɱǬڵĴȣҪȻԺɱˡ
Χɱϵ˻ޣԽԽ࣬ϻǵ£ֱƬռ伷۳ߵйңڴ֮ʱҲײˡ
û֣ɱģȫɱڿռ䣬ʱ䡢ս񡢳ɱϵǰؿʹ࣬һСءնȵҪһӣȻǾͷֿնɱ
棡죡أ٣
ϵһʣ˾ǵǵĹûֹͣϼ״ģֻЩˣôͿԼˣܴùһͻƣԱϹԶϵͻƴö࣬ңȻ֮䱩ǵʵҲ²٣治ֻڵʵˮһա
֮ΪоǿߵһȻʵúǿǵҲڼţҲˣɳϻǵ켣ҲڱĨɱ
Ϊɱң֮ٵֱʻ
ˣʹǧֶΣǹô׶ģǱߣڶԳ˵ʵĴ۾ɱϵĻǼֱ̫Сˡ
ûô򵥡
仰û˵óȴնϣȳٶȸģȴϹԶϹԶڵԯѪѾȫʵ顢Ҫǿ࣬ԯ֮ղСӡ
ϻšĹڡĶܴܲѰͻƿʱȻɱڶϹԶʱ渡һƻ
ϹԶԯ֮Ѫҽԯ֮ѪˣԯѪΪһ壬ǻĽ
ԭҪԯ֮ѪԶԶģɴ˿̣ȴûѡˣץסһпܱǿĻǿͬʱԯ֮ѪҲпһ֮οϹԶڿռ޷֮ġ
ͷ£ϹԶǰϣϽԯ֮ǣն
ӦʧģȴֻˣȻˣǾͰԯ֮Ѫɡ
ϻ˵ţԼһ㡰ء£Ȼ껵ĹӲϹԶһն̶ץסϹԶֱۡ
ʱڿռתġغڶϹԶȵеһУͬʱϻϹԶʵ飬ۻ̽ϹԶ켣
ΪϴϵУᵽĲʦܹĶ˵켣򵥵ӣҪȥʮ½켣һģȥ½
ȻϸᵽʦҸ˵켣ܵķɷǳԪ켣ңޣԣһ˵򲻵֮ʱʦиı켣Ҳȥ
ЩԴ˿̵ĳ˵޹ؽҪһԪ㹻ض࣬㹻ģ̫ںþãþˡ
ҲҪģҪǶȲ֮ٵĻɲɵģû˿壡
ֻϻ֪Լûӵиı켣ӴʱҲǼеʱ䡣
ϹԪغڶסѪڱ֮ʱҲϹԶһЩ켣


2010 
ԯ֮Ѫڣȷȷʵʵظоԯ֮ԯ֮ѪϵǳûжüĵֻۣҲв֮УҪѪ
ˮĹϵһԯ֮ԯ֮Ѫ£ڼٵطű仯ֻóʵǣԯ֮ˣΪλı仯
Ȼ仯ǳġ
ȥԯԼ
ôһ˲ãܿ˹ʱ˿治ЩĺʱɱУɵ˺ԽԽأСء£ǿȴҲסôܡ
ԯ㲻ң
ϹԶţȴãػҪȴʩֶβסϹֻܿǴԯ֮Ѫϵڡ
ԯ֮ѪңҵģҲԯ
ԯֻһ𣿡
һʣһԯ֮ѪԽ棬Ƿԯ֮Ѫ̺ޱȵӴһڣͷһ
Ȼ֮ʱϾûϣǱűţ֮Уϸоԯ֮Ѫ溬һǿʲϢҪǿʸӸ߼
Ǵ̼Ҫȹڶ֮٣õҲ
ţȻظоϹԶ켣͵һ䣬ڷɿʧҪʲôٿϹԶɫǳֳ̬Ѫ֮ɫڴ
أϽԺڶתͬʱԺ֮ǰǼѪĻ棬غڶ󣬽ϹԶȫס
ϹԶֻʣһ㣬Ҫʧ켣ڶôһȻ˽ȥͬһ˲䣬ϸоϹԶǹɺ˵ȫˡ
ϸϽϹһףһжΪһѪѪ֮ʱڵѪҷѪҽڣڳһɺƺ֮ܣϵĹͷţǻûԯ֮ǵͷǣҲڽϵķΧ֮ڣͷɫڱɽɫɳȴоһĽɫڵĲͬ
⣬һαǿЩ˺ѡء϶ĥ˿ڣ漣ϡԭˣЩٴڳʱҲɴ˺
üĵֻ۴Ѿһʱ۵ĸо
ҲˣҪģڿռǹǿʵϢԽԽŨˣ
ԯ֮Ѫǿ󣿡
ϾŵͬʱɷڵѪҺٴһŹͷһˣͬʱϻڶ˿켣һ켣̾һûڽϵ֮УǼС
Ǹ˵켣𣿡
ʵǲδ֮ǰһ֪ҲоԼ켣ڣϵľ飬ڴȥȫգϵҲһʺ
һ⵽ʲôķɣ
ţһɱУˣȺ֮У˵ǰ˵УҪϵԯ֮꣡
ʼϻ֪ԯ֮꣬ԯ֮Ѫԯ֮֮󣬳Ѿظоеõľԯ֮ꡣ
д˿Ҳ֮ٵĿ֮£Ͼ֮״ȴ֣˵ԭõԯ֮ѪģڣҲòΪˣģҳŵһ
ãĳŵȻһİգϯ˵꣬еһ˿Цݣ壬̳֣֮꣬һ֣ڵԯ֮껹ûȫĻںһ
һϳֹ˼ɸ٣ֻҪԯ֮Уܵ˺ҲϺܶ࣬ԯ֮Ѫԯ֮ܣԯ֮أ
Ҫԯֲ֮꣬˺ҲһΪ֮£Ҷ϶о٣Сд󹥻֮󣬳뵽һ취ʩչױĶģ߾ȫסԯ֮ꡣ
˵ص֮ٴ̼£춨Ĳȫԯ֮궨סǣԯ֮ϾӲǰǰܣô֮áغڶԯ֮ڿռС
꣬Ȼû̡
ʵȳԯ֮ϵ￿ͬʱѪǶɢһִδйĲԯ֮ڡ
ʮֵľ裬ϽĸйһЩ̫󣬱㽫󲿷ֵľԯ֮棬ҲŴˣûп֮ܵٵĿƺ˲١
ڣѪǡ߶˴֮䶼ɢ˲նߵϵεֲԯ֮ڵøӶˣɳ˿ûиоΣգҲûд෴ȴоڿռһʱӽƽ״̬ǿʵϢŨ
ϵʵҲֱ쭣˿ƵġءѾô׾Ƶģ껡һ۾ﶼ¶𾪣ϵĹҲ͡
ǬţԯȻ鴫
ǣǬϵıȴֹۣһҪ⣬ȷʵǿˣҪܶȹ˽٣һҪǿ󣬵ǣǳ𣿡
ҲǳΪĵ⣬ɳһȥûз˿쳣Ѫǰ갡ҲܵͺԼһ
ԯ֮ڵøӳףϸоֻۣҪˣ


2011 ֮
оԽԽǿңüĴѪ⣬ҲҴʹָоϺϤʹ޼ϲĪѾ׵ˣ
ЩţȻûԯľ¼Щһԯţ¶̬ףԯ϶һɫôô׾ͱأ
Ͼʹ࣬һѽɱķʱսȴһ֮һ㣬ǵػʵķɱ¾ҲȴϽԯѪǡйء
ػʿϹԶʧǸطս˵ˡ
ϴҴӲ
Ƕ˸õһ·
棡
սһ£ʵػʣѡ񣿡
һеѡϴѾ˵Ѫǡ꼸һ𣡡ػ˵ţһ۳ϣ۾Ǽɵ˵һβսɣ
ػЩɱϵ˻ɱȥսһЦ裬ͳȻûóȴѾԿסˣǵУһš桱¡
ǶԿס˵նǿҲܿסһ֣ǣǵĹԽԽ֮ˣΪǸû֮ٵĿƣȻǼ֪֮١Ƕ˻ԼʵһأҪǣô˰ѳϿơ
˵ûбϿƣ븶նɱϵһۣȫʵصõڱǵʵԣնɱһ㶼Ƚǿѷɫ
ȳ껸ݵģʩչطɱУﻹһ˽ɫǹϴϴϸо̫Ϣȳǳâ󣬻ĵ棬ҫһɫ̫
մǹǬ˼״һﾫü˵ϻ˹ϵˣԯ
ϲ֪ǰǹմǹֻֻ֪۾Ҫˣ⻹ƵĽҪȻֻҫüģΪʲôҪƣȴǳڳϵһֱܡ
ۿմǹܣҪ̵ء֮ϣȻ˫۽գһһȵֻۣ
£üĵֻۣ˲ֱâɹâֱմǹâղմǹϣ̺̫Ϣĳǹʱڻˡ
ûײҲûбϢ֮䣬ʧޡ
â䵽һƬգ֮ٴ̼ʵǵһĻ𾪲ѣæӵгǹҪܿĿܡ
ȻǹӲҲܲ
ֻǧ֮һգۼ䣬ĿͽմǹȫˣֵѪ⣬ֻԼӻΪޡ
ˣ¡
³⼸֣͸ɸɾʧƬ֮£·ûеһĿ֮ޡɽƶȵһй֮㶼
ۣ֮
ǬҲǾˣЩȷϵΪΪʩչۿһУ˽ĻҪ٣ҲҪԯڸ״̬ʩչ
ڣ˺ǳϡ
澿ʲô£
Ǭ˼Ȥɳ껣ʱȴˣʵͣҴɢġܡ£һˣȻһۻ
һڵ߸ϵǣ˿ӿģȴǿ־壬ޱȵĿ־壬ɿ־ʹƴĵֿ֮ٵĴ߶
ϱ˵ֻۣ˫תų껣һһץȥ껻æȵϣ·ϣ㲻𣿡
·ϣ𣿡
ϲšغڶ껣Ȼ껵ĹȻϵԯѪǡ֮ǰ㻹ûдﵽ츲صı仯ȴҲ˺ų̈ס
ԣ껵Ĺ͵סžϡã󱻾غڶô״д˾֣˵ϣճ
ճ
ҹأòɱˣ侭Ϊ
껴ȻĻϿЦǿЦղɱ֮ʱΪβ˵ճ˵ǳˣҪ˵ˣ𣿻پΪ˭ң
㡭
࣬ղҲܿסԼ
Ҳܣ
δ䣬ѽץʵˣڵ״Ͻ˵ϣ㲻֣ܶҪصҡ
ϣͣ£ңԶصң
һЦΪҺس𣿡
ʲô˼
һ㶣ѿ
Ҹ֪ʲôң˵Լǳˣֻͷѣȴû뵽ǳҵţá
˵ðƵģ
ǵġ
ĻشҪǷ֮ǰָˣеֻǸصľ壬Ϊóڲסϣȴϳϸˣڵǹϲѵǿڷٵʧ
ԣӦǳҵˣֻʧȥϵ֧壡
˵ʵҲòǲǳ֮ˣףһسңҴĪôرһɣ
ᣬֵţɷһسһˣֻҪһѪ֪Ƚس˵⡣
ϻصûȤ


2012 ʱ䵹
϶ȹ֮ٺļƻ볣ȥ棬ȳҶڤпȥʲôң˵ûȤֺѾཫڵȫ̸ɾˡ
켴϶Գ˵һд֣ҲճķϣһΣһأҪɱ֮ǰȵ
ڳϵĻЩţǳϽˣڻ֮УֱϺȳһ֣Ӳű
ųǱӴܣϺʶһ⣬ĳ껣֮ٶӰ죬ƺûһüͷһ壬˵ˡ
óǣûн֮֮ɱƴֿţҲôֱ࣬ץסЦЩûҲãҪȻǿ档
ܴҪǼЩڣ㱾ԻĻһǧ궼ˡ
ô֪
ʣûаǻӣתʵأ
ң
һЦֽջ۵úʵʻһĺץ£ڿռ䣬˵Ȼ£һᡣ
ⷬʵȴǻش滰Ҫľﻹ£ɳȴ׽˵ᡱˡ
׽һ˵ǳˣţԽҵѪһԣܸ˶ٴжԶѪ֮䣬ܻиӦġ
ûȤ
Ѿ˳ڵһԣתһĿ֮꣬ܵٿƼ΢ĳ͵һѪѪĽΧڳüͷһ壬һ˦ֱ֣ӽЩѪ
ӱ𣿡
һĿĲݵӡ
ģ
ϵ֣ȫĸ̽ڵΪʲôܱüǿԭ򣬶Ŀ⣬ȴǴӽɨ켴˵Ӵ˿̿ʼ˭ԣҳΪУ
֪˵ʲô𣿡
Σһе
Գ껵ʣԥ˵˳һ˵˼á֣˵͵ųҵļҷɣ
˵꣬ٶȣԶȥ
ڳ˵Ļϲûзϣǽ˵ɫȴޱȵؿˣʵǣΪܽնɱϵԯ֮ʵһνǺݺݲڽ¡
ʲôӦᣬֻǲͣϱ֮ٴ̼ڸһ˽⡰֮١ϲûɱһʬ̾ǵ󣬽űǡ
ǳһӱ˺úΪǰ˵Щ˵Ǹ⣬Ҳоˣң֮еĴϹԶǲһġ
ͬʱϻ˳ǵ켣
⣬ﻹţڶ֮پҪĻԯ֮Ѫǡ꣬ҵĻˣǣܾ𣿡
źܴɻٶȺܿ죬Ǭˣ䡢ǵû֮⣬ߡǧħޡƺȺɽȫ̾
Ǭ˵ԭܼ򵥣ҪʦԸ֦ڣ̾ǳþǺúһĥڣǱл֮٣Ҳа취תΪá
ϴ˾٣ǬиʣڵǳϱȽ϶࣬Ǳ󣬻
ЩɽȥȡҪ֮Ϊһţɾʱ͵̧ͷǿտյգһ¡
֮ٹȻûô򵥾£ɣҿ㻹ʲôֶΣ
ܿȥ뿴ǻ᲻һαǿĻ治Ϊ壻Ͽ֮ǰ޼ãȻļãȻ㶵ڷ㶣𾪵ĸ𾪡
׻ʲôأ
ϸ꣬һֵĲΧⲨ̺Ķǹ಻֮࣬ʱ䣬оʱı仯
ʱ䣿ң
ûȳȥϾ͸оʱʼЧˣԺﻭ漱ȴǸղһЩ棬ֻȫһת
ܿ죬ʹó껹˵ֻۿ𣬼ȥԯ֮꣬ԯ֮ѪȵȣϢ󣬳ԺеĻ棬ѾѪؾ֮С
ֻǻǶԳ˵ûʲô
ǣԵزŻԹȥʱΪᣬƣڿˣڻԭΪһʱĳϣԯ֮ѪǡߣҲ뿪
ʵģǽΪо
ǿԼ侲һ̣Ҫ侲ѣ
һνӴ˹޼ѭ׽
û뵽ǰãСܲʱƴɱ˿̣ʱ乥ͽϣ
ͷһת֮䣬ԺеĻѾص½żоԼ˼£ϲȥȥڿռ䶼ûγɵĻˡ
ˣϸϽ涨ģ뿴ܲܶסʱˣأҪּһֵİӰûУûȥ󾪣ʱ
ԳԯѪǡߵʵû֣Ҳ׾ٵ飬ڣȴһУһľ硣
һжǻ棿ģ
ŵʱ򣬽ҲڿųϣĿ쳣


2013 ʱ侲ֹ
ǣǺεȾ֮ˣȻڵýӽڿݽߣǻһ۾Ϳ˸ղŻǿޱȣսʤĳϣ˿Щ쳣
ܲԾ
ûз֣ϵѹˡ
ǱǱú
ڵңܹһƽ
һ仰Ƿǿ˵ģ˵Ÿȥ۾͸׹⣬ڷǿ߸߳һʱͻشһߡ
𣬷ǿ߾ͻӿһɷǳΣյĸо·ǰƶһ㣬Լͻᱻԣǿ߲Ҷ
ղ˵ĻѵѾˣ
˵ǿһ˿̳ϵıǴڣǳң޵ǣϻǸǬڳˣųϵ
뵽ǿ߾Ϳǰ˲ˣдڵĵһӣԯս񡢵ػʣΪȴ͸ŹŹֵľ䡢ǡ
ϣһ˭ҶϣͰƴļʽ
ղŵ¼ǻ£Ҳûж֣һųϣоųΪʲô˿̵ĳϣνΣգ뵽ģѾǧʩչĶģȴǺôסʱĵˡ
ʱ䣬ʲôʱ䣿
Ժ︡ȡν硱ҪͨٱѰǧ⣬Ͼ֮䣬޷֮ʱǣʱȴǲܰҹܴںʱεأ˻ǻţڳ֡
У
ΰ죿εסʱ䣿
ǿҵΣУóϽ뵽һУԸʱ䣬һʱ뵽ģȻܹ֧ȫתغڶǿ쳣ȴʵڵʱ䡣
˿̣˲Ϣء
Ϣ֮󣬳ûиоغڶһĶҲûκ쳣оףغڶ̲ʱ䣬ˡ
ȻԺ֪ܲܣڵġغڶȴǲܣǳڿռתǿʵϢɢҲܣ
УغڶҲУؽնȴնʱ䣬ȭˣˣ͵컻ա͵ûˣ硱̫֮ĶһʱҲܻʱ䣬Ͻеֶڼ̵ʱʹһ飬˰á
˿̣ʱ䣬ظоԼޱȵСʲôǿʣʲôԯѪǻ꣬ʲôڿռ䡢غڶʲôǳʱǰǲ׺һڣۡ
ϵ뵽ܹͨһ½СڣܲܶԸʱĵǣ뷨ո𣬾ͱնˮ˵Ļˣڶߡ
ܶСڡ
ʣµꡢСͷޣ϶ʱĶ֡
ӵأʮصǿߣҲһ죬ʱأʱ˴޺ͯɳĺߣҲСɲľò׺ɣҲճ䡭
ʱǿ͵뵽Լʹ䡰𡱵Ļ𣬲ʱأʱ𣿡
ͷ˲ǧתϾȻһʱԼΣվơ
ʱһʱ䲻һʱ䲻˵ˣ顢ĻʱҲµȡ̩֮ͬɽ٣ɽ
Щ˼ļʣ۾վǰķǿԺһˡڰʱ⼸֣ͻЩ飬ʱǲǾǴĳһʱر仯Ϣñһ͢ͳʱڣֵ֮Ϊһ
ġʱӽʵıԵȻ˽һʱԳڸûκΰ滹ڵˣԽԽΣʱ̵ˡ
ʱҲսһ̣ʱ䣬ߡ
ԶҲⲻᣬԺеĻ棬Ѿ˵ڿռγɺһ̣ٽȥͽˡ
ΰ죿
Ϻͷǧһ֮ʣСͻش̶ˮг˳ֲ󷨣һֹķʽڿռϵԺ
ͬʱڿռﻹʱ侲ֹĸֵ
ڻصţɳԺĻ棬ѾֹþֹҪԵһ˲䣬澲ֹһʱûлعһ֮˫ϲâʵСģ
ݳʱ侲ֹ󲢲ȫ
С˵ŵͬʱѾʱ侲ֹĵȫϷˣȳϾ̾˼ȥСһҲʼŤƴžҵĺ
Ҿֹ˶ã취
ûȫ꣬ϻûȫȡС󲼳ʱ侲ֹĶԺеĻѾˣϵһãȻ˵˼άҲȫģˡ
һУüëýôˣղŻǿޱȵĸоôͻȻһӾͱȵľʲô٣
ЩʣͬʱҲǬ˵Ժ֣۾һתҲתضųϡ
Ǳߣ۾׺ݵĿ⣬ǿǱҵͷס£춴ų϶ˣʲô¿ɹ˼ɣ˵ԼСЩ˼ɣǣѹҲɣղ̾ҪȴҲ֮ء
ˣǰȥҪôʱϳ׻йͷ֮ޣǴԼθն볣赲·ϣ˵ǰһ
ֻϣҲҶ˵
鱩ŭնͬʱ˵ĥ


2014 ʾɱ
ǰûн䡢ǵԣڴ˿̣ǻ֮ٵӰ죬ҲΪ֮ٵӰ죬ڵʵ̼ͦǿ
෴̿գӼΪȻڻ֮Ϊȳߣġ򡱣ҲڱȾ߲ٵϣҪǣû㹻Ϊ壬ʵǴ½ˡ
֣ͳƴסҲһ¶ǣǵĿģֹڴˣȻһ˼СԾʵôǿ֮УҲֻϣò־ơֶƴɱ
⣬Ҫģǵ㹻ǿʵܹƾܽ˲ѹʵˣͻƣͻƣõسɳԼϣ
һ齣
նն
;ƴɱ¡ϣǿ߼״ЩĶֹ˼ɵôԣڳһĿֱУǿð˼ޱȵ˻ȥ
ǿӿ˼ǽնҲ˼Ȼǲ֪Ͼ巢ʲôǳϵȴޱȣǴ˿̵ԺûһӡͬʱҲţǳ϶ȹǰѹأָ֮ǰǿޱȵ״̬ǵԺ᲻ֳһӡ
ǲ֪𰸣֪ȷץסǰûᣬһնɱһ˰ˣ´󼪡
ǣǲȻبǰԽֻ£ǰϺǬڣ˵ҲûʲôʾʱüͷˣǬڣǲ̫ġ
˶֮ʱһӰնֱ̳ϣصս񣬵һʱչϣ˿ս񼸺ѾȫʹսʵʻĹӰӰӰһȭս񱻵ɣӰҲս˻ȥ
Ӱأ˲ſӰ˭Ȼǰ뿪ĳ껡
ȵ껣ʲô˼
ɱ
֮ǰ˵Ļû𣿡
˰
ΪȻػش˵֮ʣ㣬ϼܹ𣿡
Ĭ仰ܲûش𣬻شܡǷ˴ɣش𡰲ܡ˵֮ǰĻΧôЩڻ
û˵˰ɡ
⣬ĿһɨǿߵˣƵ˵ţȻ㲻ܴң֮ǰĻȻ㲻ˣҲ˵ǿԡ
У
Ȼ֪ȥΪʲô϶Ϊ˳ۣΪһ档
ʲôеģ
ѵ˼˵ĻҪȥѪ
ûǣʧ֮ʱ԰ɣ
仰ʳɳ껵۾ȴŷǿǡ
ڳ۵ʱ򣬾͸оˣоϲֱ׵ʾﻹ֪ôǿڿǬˣûʲôӦٲɣӰζɱȥϾѵã˿ɾͻǱˡ
ݺݵض˳һۣԽ˵ǿҪˡ
ϷúϷ뱻ƣ
ǿӳŷֽЩֽȻȫȲ֮ǰǿõģǣڴҶʱЩֽܣͺܿɹˡ
ȻԷֽ·͵һӶƵһߣֻʣսػʻܿ൲ʱȺ֮Уټлɳã˵ԣǻս֮ɱȥն³ͷ­ȥʱұΪ𣬲Ϊ𣬸ںܶಿ֮Ϊ𣡡
ǡ
ԹӦ£Ҫɱȥʱȴǳͻأؼ˳ɱУЩɱûϹó˵Ҳ̫ǿҪԸݽߵĻ٣ѾǴ´ࣻУղų̵֮ʱɹԲЩ߶ɱУɱܴ
ɱ
ֱͣҲ޷Ļ٣ֱֳ˰˴飬Ѫ׷ɣҲѿǷڿеϰѵؽԴתԣ۾ﾡǲ˼飬촽鶯Ϊʲô
¶һΪЦݣǱ߾վĳϣϵģʵޱȵչǰ̶Զݺݵ˵˭Ҵ˲ҾͰƴ

ԭˣԣôĵӣͲ˻𣿡
˲֪ģ㲻֪峤Ǳɱһ
Ц㲻֪вһ𣿡
ɫδ䣬ȥ˵֪һѵǴ˵Ķ֣ģδޱ費Իͣ
ΪϻȥϷȰϽ;֪򡭡

һȭ£̤˫źݺݵزȣٸ˵Ļᣬ߲ȱ˵˲µģʮ£ԵĽ£ѾһƬޣûлٵİټ
úңԩϲϣؽһ𣬻δƹԶŸһ𾪡֪˺ʲôӳȥ˭ҶԴ˲Ǿɱ˭ɱģ͸Աǵļ˺Ӹ𵽵ףֻҪ㹻㣬Ӱ峤֮λԴ෴ҪǲɱȥǾͱɱɣ
˵ⷬûǣֱųϵķ򣬹ȥޱϣǬ˼״۾һ


2015 СŮ˵
˫ϥڵأϵؿųϣĬĬдʣ
ԴЩˣԵĵϵԭԵļƻģҲûдģɼƻϲϱ仯˴ΣգҪѩϼ˪Աʲô˲ˣնɱٵ£˵ǷǰȥĻ
ԵĻջرǵĺл峤֮λ仰ǵߣ˵ҹ˵Ӱ£ǵд󲿷˶вٵĺɲж٣ôһǵټҪǲɱȥҪնɱԣûжԥ̤˳ȥȥˡ
껡Ҫ֮ˣüͷ壬ǰֱӳһоЩ˻ҷԱĻᶼûУڣĴû㹻֧֣һɱҲƫƫЩ˾ԱģԱܽǴٵ鷳ͦصˡ
ߣֹͣ߶վϸֳһִδй飬ǰ߱˵ˣ˭ҪҪ̤ҵʬȥˣҪ죬ҪѵأҪƬգ̵Ƭ񷣬ڶ׷Թ޻ڣȻ棡˼뻹棡˼ҵϻڣԶڣҶԴ˵Ҳ࣡
һȺԵϣɢһ㵭ĹâԺһ仰ϵĹâѴﵽ۵ĵزǬ˼״ɾ֮
ǬھŵʱЩȥƺҲԵĻȾˣһ˺š峤ŵĻԱˡ
˵һڶ˿ʼԱˣըӿ糱һƵȥǿ÷ֽ·ֱڵӶˡ
Դһ۹â˷ǿߵǰΪ˵ǿߵķֽ̫ɱˣǿ߼ԵǰЦССϣҲϷǰţΪԼϼ仰Ͳ𣿸Ϸȥ
һηֽƾ֣ٿƮϣը
ը
ȻǿķܣȴֻԽŲһͣϵЩâûƿǿߴʧɫȴһȭ˳ȥѪû˵ķǿߣһȭ˳ȥƲˣԼɱǰ
Щȫ֮۵׵Ǭˣ۾ﻹǾâü価һƬ˼ϣ˶Գϵϵ˼£ҪȻҲ֮һƷߵģ֮Ӧûϴһôǳϵת϶ȹѹأųϵʵǿҲسɳ
˿̣ϵϣҲһ㵭ĹΣССɢĵʮֹâǳƣҲΣ֮ļóϴãȻ״̬˳
һ㣬Ļȥʧʱ֮У࣬Ϊ
ϻˣľƣȻûкתӶˣʱ䲢ûΪϻԡãȻֹͣʱȻţʱ˿̣ԺֳĻ棬Ѿûڿռ䣬˵˳ϻ½ķɽսϵһ¼
Ȼʱ䣬ҲԸʱİ취ȴûоźţ˻صɽ˻صҾ֮ʱȻܹǰУʵǣ
ǿߣǿĲʵҪһǿģ
ɥҪƴ
ź£۾͵ֳϲĹʣȴΪԺĻ棬պóֵСŮһĻȻ֪ʱ䵹˳Ļ棬ٴοŵСŮҲǼΪο
УСŮ˫ֱͫۡ
ӦСŮΪ֮УǣСŮûԣǽֻһ۾ֱܶ۵˫ͫųϡ
һһĻǰûгֹ
飬óϸǾȣֻСŮſ˴˵Ⲣʱ䵹ˣ㻹㣬ΧǷɽ𣿡
˵꣬СŮ˹ȥ
Ŵ죬ܹ˲ǧӣȻҲתȫԺסˣҿ϶ǰСŮû˵仰ΪʲôһΡ
ݲóϾȥԺлǧתϷܿȥ˾䡢裬ԡսǬ˵ȵȡ
һƿճĸоȻ
֮ǰĨǲʶ®ɽĿȴֻԵڴɽУݽʱУȷʵΧǷɽһʲôǣкξ壿
׳־𣬺
ǣϸоһ£ȻûиоڿռĴڣСŮҲ֪ȥ˺δ˵С󡢵̻ˣȻǺС
˫죬ʱ䵽ˣԺֵĵ˻棬Ǽ٣Ҳ棡ǰ֮٣㲻ʱ䵹ˣҲʱ乥йأҪȹ٣ҪƳʱ乥
Ȼܼ֣ȴš
ǧַƲʱ䣬ܴʱģʲô
ű似һпԽĶǰ棬ųϵѣԵʵٴαǿ߱ú޻֮
Ϸô˵ùһΪòСӣȻϷ򣡡
ǿ̾Լùȴ͵³һѪǡòõģѪӳȥķֽȾˣǡòõĺãŷֽ³Ѫͻһ֣ǷƱڸǣܾɢˡ
ȻֽûбըԱһȭ򵹣һ̤أͬһ˲䣬۾â죬ѹܴʱģΨʱ䣡


2016 Ҿ
ܴʱģֻʱ䣡
߶ţ϶ȷġ
ǣ˷򣬳ϻûҵƳǰʱ乥İ취ƿزʱ䡣
϶ǰƴɱս񡢳ԡѪսޱȵսţ֮һԱ赲סǰĽŲйӿȡ
֮ǰȷʵǽԵõģϾһμɲ죬ڣϸı뷨켴ջĿ⣬ҲܻԵǵѪ
ľжϴӹϷһЩϸ΢ı仯רע񣬼˼ʱķ˼תǧ飬СŮȶ˵Ǿ仰档
Ⲣʱ䵹ˣ㻹㡭
ϻ͵һ飬򣬷ͣؾ׽ţ㡭㣬㻹ǡ㣬㣬ңʱεˣңңң
ඥһƬ̩ͨ뵽һ취ʱ䵹ȥ
취ЩðգϾаʲôΣҲ֪ǣȴǴʱ˿̳ð취Ҳ˲ࡣ
رǣðճɹôϵõĻرҲǷǳش
˫ᶨޱȵĿ֮󣬳ϱ˫ۣȫķſȥ취ֹʱĵˣֻǾؿԺеĻ仯
Щ棬ȥε֮ڳԺĻ棬ȳԼĶҪ˵ÿһ仰ÿһÿһֱ飬ÿһ񣬶ôֱ۵سڳǰ
ϼ·˼һһУֺʵؾһУ״̬Ǹ룬ȴôںһ
һں֮ǰʹһ÷ֲ
ϾôţţﻹţʱȥбԴɽʮľ£Ҹճһ̣ٵȥʲôҲÿԽ˿Ҿϻ᲻ԭ򣡡
ӳϼ֪ģģɸĵģô࣬϶νġ족һˣƽʱûⷽ룬ǣʱ䵹Ĵ̼£Ȼ뵽⡣
׷Դ⣬Ǵʹʱ䵹ԭ֮һ
ԭǳ뵽˵Ļ˵켣Ƭ֮£Ŵˣ뿴ʱ䵹켣뿴֮پ
ͬʱУʱ⣬ҵʱİ취ڳԼʱ䡣
ȻҪһֱȥǰᣬǳҪҾҡʱ䵹ʧԼ֮ǰԡãȻ
ԺеĻ棬Ѿֳϵһںڶ֮УԭĻУҲˣ֮ǰϿܻһãȻһ̣ϽšҾҡͬʱһãԱߵԼʱ䡣
оյأ϶ȹһȹˣؿڶתģһΣֻоôõĺڶٻع̣ҶһֱþòĿռ䣬մͨҵһ㷽
ţصСڵһ䡣
ٴλعˣϲ֮Уɫâ֣â֮УһɫʮצڻţͻأϸоСҲЩһֻС̧ͷ죬ɫŭɫʱա
ڳϵļҲóڴ˿̡
Իˡ
ɳǧ֮һϢʱ䶼ûԻˣͻָޱѵ״̬ΪԺĻ棬˴仯һ壬ȴֳ֡
ּ߲ȥǶĵʮɽܡ졢롭
ұ߲ȴ˳ųϳɳĹ켣˳ڶСڲƣСˮǣͼڴ½棬ն
һϣһ¡
ּˣóʹޱȣʹǴҲǴ괫ںηԼֻ֪ʹʹҪ
ʹ֮УҲûзּʱı仯ظоǵȥĻ棬ֳٶȣǰ˲٣ʱ֮ˣ˵ʱûˡ
Ϊʲôֱ仯Сڵܹʱ䣿ʱһһ£κһСһ֮ԣϵʱµʱ졣
ʱµĻѾ˺ɽսϿǳ̶ˮеĺڰ㣬⣬һϵʱ俴µʱ䵱̫
ʱ䱾һ壬˿ȴֳ֣ⲻǵһһ𣿡
ϺץһʲôȴûץΣֻóžʹȥϵǣѾѪЩѪɢĳֹ󡭡
һʱ䵹˰Ԩ֣ϴǿ¶ﱧڵһɫƣֳõǿƵʱԭʱĺɫƣȴǡˡһ졣
ˡǹɵȥʱ䣬񱻷һ˻ֱӵĳֱǻ治Ҳϣٶȷǳ֮죬һ˲䣬׷˱ȥʱ䡣
ʱصһ𣬺϶Ϊһڵʱ򣬳ϿЩһֽܿڿռ˳ƴڣԯ֮ѪǡҲ֣üĵֻʱ
һУô¶ΪʲôСŮСڡɫƶʱ䵹з˱仯ڴźţ


2017 ܶܶ
Сڲһֱԣڵ֮ǰγʱ䵹֮УΪʲôֻڵһ̺ƣѾʮ飬Ϊʲôʱ䵹Ƶʱû쳣Ӧƫƫڵһʱ򣬻ǰδйı仯
Ժź죬ʣʵ̫̫ˡ
ڹȥǣôܸоδĹһܴʱ乥һһ죬̺ʱǵĻƾʲôܵʱ䣿
һʱ޽֮󣬳ƽӿ˿˿ź뿴һľǲԭֻϧʱֵһʱ򡣡
ϲǳֳźж԰εˣֽȻ෴ʱ乥Ϊһһ˲ֵʱȴ͵ؽüֱֹͣģģ⡭
뵽һֲȥĸоΪһжûıģеͷȴҲ֮ȥˣΪĸо⣡
˺һ򣬳ϲѹ²ӿĺʱ߲쿴žʱ䵹֮Լı仯仯ΪģȻڿռ䡣
ڿռĴ봹ֱ߶ȵû̫ı仯ǣǿϢŨֱϢϸ˵ʵʱڿռһ㶼ģȻȻǸֶĶ֣ȫһ϶ܱһ鶫
ңһ̣ҪĶϸоڿռһЩ֮Ķǳ΢ϡطɢţϲ²⣬֮Ķ㲻ʱ䣬Ҳʱйء
ţڿռͻȻһǡϤϤֻСڣ꣬˲両ֳϲ֮ɫСˡ
£̶ˮһֻƿӣڳʮɫâһֻʮɫʮצϸڵһʱ俴Сڵʮֻצȫֺ

С˹˽˳ϵĻϸСԴЦ̫ˡ
Сˡ
Ҳǡ
Ҷˡ
϶ʱôѾͶˣת䣬˵У̳ʲôȥ
⻹ҪŨ
Сָڿռ˵һʱףǰСҪ׵ĻھҪƷˡ
ʶ⣬о֪СǿҲС㹻ǿڿǵ͹СڣڿռǿʱСѽЩ֮ΪƽˣΪЩ֧
ڿռѾŨҪƷʱøߣһǳѵ飬ÿһҪĴۣģҪģҲѾˣҪ̫һĶЩǿģȱٵģǡ֮١֮١Ҫȱˡ֮١
ȻޱȣȴɵضС˵һ֣ã
ûаۣҪǽʱ䡱ףڿռ仯٣Ȼʱ䣬Ȼпռ䣻͵أСһڶʹóһӾʱ䵹еСڻ᲻ʱ䵹֮УҲõ˻ɣ
һʣȻֱʵСڣ㻹ǵøղʱ䵹е𣿡
ʱ䵹ʲô飿
СһãȻϼ״ʱСڲ֪ʱ䵹е飬üͷʱСؽȵҲ̶ˮ½СŽССʱ뿪ϵĻĵСϣСһצӡСͷϣ켴һѪС档
ţǸ޷˳ӻȴСڣ£һֱֱع˴֮ϣߵײѡ
СڸûᣬйؽҲ׼ؽһѪ뵽ؽĿģֹͣˣתؽ似档
Щ似ĴС
С似ȷʵؽҪģ˿̵ؽҲõһν볹ΪʱԶ
ȻǱˣСССķǳɰצӣһ㣬ʹıԵһ˲ԣһ˲ѣһ˲䣬ֻˡ
֮ԵõĴȻΪ˱ѳϵ˼
СŮҲ̶ˮ˳СŮûѣϸоСŮôһ˿޵ϵɥӵ꣬Ҳ٣ôӲ
СڵĿ֮ʱһ˿ɻ뵽ʲôȴֲҪ졣
ʱûжй뷨Щڿռٴγ֮ٿƵҲд취
˿̧̣ͷ졣
֮䣬ûкƹӺҲûС£һڶ֮٣ȹˡ
һ仰£ڿռչֳһ̬֮ѲţǳҶȿɽʱ۾͵һ
ɽðЩҶݱţе˲ήеȴȻ󣬿ήĻɽȻïʢޱȡдС
ЩҶͬʱڳѿȵȻ档
ǲͬĻݣͬľҶǻȽ⣬ɳϿ÷ֲͬļ״̬ģһЩͬһĻݣ
Ȼʱйأ


2018 ҩ֮
ʱһ˳һڿռʱ˻֮УԲŻͬһֲϳֲͬļòеĿήеķ
϶ЩδֲĿɨţͻأĿһֱȴһַǳϤҩݣôѪܹ
֪Ѫܹҩȣĳ̶ֳ˵ҩȿν¢Ѫܹɴ˿̳ϾȻڿռ￴Ѫܹ˷ܣ
ѪܹŻиã
ϲ²˵ú塰ʱ䡱⣬ԱøѪܹʱж벢̽ҩȡ
ѪܹǴðģ
ϸдʣ˲뵽õĵһѪܹǴе뵽⣬æЩüΪïʢҩݿȥ۾һУǿҶССһ̶ȣ͵ϼеĳЩصЩһҩݡ
׻𣬳Ϊڿռһ֣ҩݲûֻ֮ҪкʵǱܹٴ
˽⵽һ㣬ϸǻϲˣٿЩήҩ֮࣬ϡҵʶҩݣкԪڤٲĴڡ
ҩݼȻûгܹһЩʯͷȵȲϣҲܹٴγ֣
϶ȹڶ֮٣ջ࣬ڿռǿȹˣСˣѪܹҲˣ¾߹Σ˸򣻸Ҫǣ϶ʱ䣬ЩСóʱ侲ֹĻϣоһɱУǰ϶顣
ֲﶼˣĳ֣ҲΪ֮Զˡ
仰£ϽĿ⿴ǰ棬ǰ顢͵Ĺֻϵɫ˾֣ӳɢǿϢʼǵľͻˡˡ
ȻûиоӡĴڣ֮ǰǺεȵǿƣǶһпʼӿڣǣҲ׺ûõģֻзƴȥпƴһ·
ʱ˿ֱ̣ӸܵǿģǸǿߣԶԳϵѾϵ˿Լ֮ĵز֮Դ˿ֱӵԴǳϣԽǿԼ֮ԽŨʵԽǿ
һ̣һȭȥֱӽǿߺòһŷҵϡã̶ʵڷǿϣ÷ǿѪ飬һغ
ϵ
Ǭ˴Ϊ̾ţɽǲɱȥһӣһ֣˷ʱһ˿Ĵڡ
˿ʹɣγһԲסκοѭ·
ûὣֱǰ˵úܺá
ˣӦġ
ޱȵؼ
йȻҪͣ
һԴȥԶʱס֮ԻûлصùԺӿžˣ֮ΪϸղһģԵʶǿڣγꣻͬʱϻԷ⣬һֶ⣬ǿԵ档
һƣҲһڴҪǶȹڶ֮֮ǰϿ϶һڣȻЩѶȣԿʩΪ
ΪҪܳһʱܹ֪ʶȴϣֻϢ䣬Ͼɢ֮ϢĥϢĻû˻ΪǸս֮ȫΪѾڷ֮·˺ԶϹ
Ծ츳ǡ
ע⵽ɢ۵֮⣬ʣѾȥԵƣǣһҪԾͱĸо
ѲõĽǣһ֣ҲȻˡ
֮Ϊ˵֮㲻ʲôڼϢ䣬һƽһĵ֮ǿδ֮£ϵʵѾһ
ǬҲţ֮ǬѾµ˲ٶ۳ϣǱߣϲǳҲ֪϶ȹˣʳ϶ȵʲô٣ȻĶȴסˡ
ûиž䡢ǣǼԼͻƣǬȥøǰеļ˵һˡ
ǬûдΪϿ˳ϵʵǿʵֵصģǬӳһ˵Ԫָȷϣʧʣ
Ҳò
ãҾǬڹӭӵĴݣ
Ǭ˹˵˵꣬λâ㣬ʧϻڼŹĶΪǬھںδ
ʦԸҾͿҪʵˡ
˵˶֮ٵ˼֮Уزʱ䵹´֮¾ˣԴ֮˿ƣ֮أ˭ڿƣ
ƿʱ䣬ҷǵҪȥô£
ϰ¶ģʼĥʱ
ңԶ֮⣬һǳԱߣҲˣСѾɳ֮ĶѵԳ֣
һϢֿ˵һﻹˣÿ̽̽
£Ӱʧǳ֮䡣
ĳһһд֣۾һ૵ȹˣǸļһ֪Σпյǿȥ֤һ
롰ǴƫƧСԶӣõϢϸݣϲô׹ҵ±Ϣȴǳϴȫʤһʵ

ӻָ˳̬˵һӷ˶ѣеӣǼ棬ԽǿԽдʡ


2019 Сڿ
Ǭ˶Դϵ̬ȣһ껡껸оĲʾԷҪӳ죬ȴͷ
볣軹ƴɱţֻѾ˺Ըˣ˿Ķֻʣ³裬뽣ƴ
˵״̬쵽ͻƱԵЩвǣųϵǿƻع飬̫ѹڱ£ǲܳΪܺõĥʯ
ϼ״֪ɷֱǸͬ棬ϵ˵ǵĥʯ㹻غãҿԷһ
£еת˲󣬱ǿʵܲϵĻڵľǰһƴԼСҲ˲˳ϰëˣѡ̣ͲųܹԶôȥ
볣ʱվѹ֮£ͻԽԽսҲôսڵĴȫɨսػʣʲôûʡ
ԯѪǡںϣȹһѹأȫȹڶ֮ٺ󣬳ظоԯ֮˲ͷ֮⣬һ࣡
ںδϲ֪ɳţֻҪһΧܹӦ
϶ԯżɵսû˵Ȼȥٸף˵һһţϿеָǳ껡
ĻȰ룬ߣ˻ȥ˿̵ĳϣѾǰĳϣóҵĴҲܲ˼ҸͲԼǳˣ˵ϻûҪ껵ҪʵԣϹۡ
Եõһ̣Ϳ񱼳ȥ
ϲţĿⶢǡֻϣֻϴĺôǳԶǡһһ仰ϵڶ˵Լȫ͸
ңһϵ¼֮УԸоֻ˱仯ٴδ򿪵ĻĿ϶࣬ڿռ򿪣ɿ˰죬ȴһ϶򲻿
ϾȣĪֻ˱仯Ǵ򿪷ʽˣ
ʱС˵һԡС˺ܴȤһ˹Цȥһԣкô
Сڽӹֻ˵⻭дʲô
򿪿֪ˡ
СȴһףΪСڲûнֻ򿪣ҲЩȣΪƾСڵӦܹ򿪡ֻϵСҲǴ򲻿
֮Сó˸Ŵ򲻿ֻԽԽҲɢ˹âһɫɫת˲䣬ǰѾɫ
ҪСõɫ𣿶ҿƣɫҲһܹÿ
ţϲСϵɫӣͬʱСڵҲڷ仯𽥱СϵʮɫâҫڿռĪع˷籩ޡ֮࣬һڵϣ岻ѣɥӵ꣬Ҳ³ȥ
ȻСڵǶСмֹâǶֻ֪֪гһ˶ѣڿռ籩ԽԽͣСڵѿռݶ֮һڿռ䡣
Ͻš
ϢСһʮֺֻצڴˡֻأֻûйâСھ˿УֱֱضšֻĶ
ûȥʵϣϾãȥҲʲôΪ⡰ֻǳԼ򿪵ģ֪Сڿʲô
ţСɢĹâγһ֣ǡġ֣
һĻ뵽ѵֻСйأڳϵĿУġŤһһı仯㻨˰ʱġڱ仯ȫ仯Ҳһ֣
棡
棿
Ͼ²š桱ִĺ壬ִΪأǲҲΪΪһεģ֮ģ
üͷ΢壬һĸоġֲΪô򵥣ңСڸպڴ˿ô붼Ρ
СڶҪô򿪣֮ⷬ仯ֻܲһ㣬ֻڵ¥㣬ее¥дڣƳ¥ˣŪ⸱ֻ
϶Եֻ˻ɣͬʱҲڵʵ򿪵ֻЩѣЩС桱ʧˣСϵʮɫâȫûָ֮һֻӡ
СڣϢ𣿡
Ҹоһʱ֮ӦҪȥһط
ʲôطҺһȥ
ڣ
֪ʲôط𣿡
ڻ֪

ش𣬳ͬʱ뵽ǾʱδĻʵǴʲôʱȥ
Ҳһˣһиоġ
Ǿͺá
ϰģС˵Ұֻ򿪣㿴һ¡
ϰɣԼ򿪵ģҿҲûá
Ͻһ飬СɣСؽһ𣬳Ż˼󣬲һʱ䣬ǵƴɱĻ
һŴǼȴ˺ۣ൱ǱǣɢϢڷű仯
նĽѾС򡱵ϢɢֱմȾ˿˿֮١ϢȻϢǣ֮١Ǻεȵǿ
ڳ껣һУ֡ҽŴտҲȴȽɵӣ⻭棬ýǸӾȡ


2020 Ҫǵؾ
䡢սҲˣϾնǰʶ֮ǰʲôΪʵ³ҲӦ֡
ȻԴԵ޹ɢִ۹âΪһ֮Ծǿ̫ˣŶ̶̵ʱ䣬͵ֹǧ
֮⣿
ʱһĥϵĹâ棬ϼﵽԼĿģǰȥ֮ǰŹݻ飬Ϊµ˵˵һġ
һЦȷʵһǡ
Ҫʲô
ֱһаһ˶ͬһӪ⣬˵ڡ󡢵һģǵʵȣҲ࡭
ʲôǲӹ
նӲ˵ҡҡͷ˵ֻҪǵؾûеģȥһ
ⷬûý𾪣ȴǷ㶡
ؾôҪ
Ȼòǳġ
ѹǵĻ꣬ȻȫȫõǵǣǣҲ֪٣ҪؾĿģȻ̣Ѫؾľؾܹḻڿռգǹȣȡ
˻ԥȴûôʱԥҪͳȥѰ棬Ȼ֮ǰҪôߵ¡
ţѪؾûˣ׼ô죿
ϾôãǴɣ¼֮˭붯ڣ϶Ҫȿǿǡ˵úţ˳ɵĺ䶯֮⣬дڱ˿ɶң֮һͻƵߵľ磬Ǵڵ۷ʱҪվǸߡ
ϵ˵ͷҲѡ񣬲뵽ǸսĲʦ뵽еǴδɱ²붼һں棬˵Ѫؾ̯¶Ūġ
һĻھͻ᲻ɱؾУѪؾûˣϽ²֮ǣʲô
üͷ壬ȴִҪ
ϼ״һ˼Ǻ󣬶Ե˵Ҹڲһػɡ
ڳϲǷǳģ֮ǰС󷨼ǼˣסǵĺһʱĽʱֲ
ȫתѰҸֲϣͬʱбڵͨʧ̫ˣҪ첹Ŵսķб̫ѡ
ͬʱʧܷĽǣѪˣӢӣٶȣ֮ڵҩݡϡ鼮ȵȱ͵
Щ֮ΧڣõһʺôȴûϵĽȻǲԸǣȫɲǣǸӰоͻη֮С
ȹڶ֮٣СһгϾȫŴڵػ󣬱ϾӦϣε֮٣ҲҪãǸֶϵӡ̫ˡ
µػ󣬳µᡢ֮⣬ǰѾ̫꣬ػ֮У̫ЩԸģС߿һطһǼǧ֮ڵġ
ǣ֪С˵ʲô̫겻ӦˣһĻϲҲӦ̫꣬һֱȥʱһ
һʱ䣬Žڵػɣ£Ͻ󷨵ĿȨ̸󣬳ϾҪԶȥ֪סϣ˵պõŴڵĵط£ΪӸ𣡡
ȻǺպھҪйϵǬڳĳˣЩҪ˵һҪ
ϵһл֮Զȥվ¸Ƶɽ壬ųԶȥıӰͻȻһҪ׷ȥĳ嶯뵽ڵֻô嶯
ڳŴεò֮󣬻˳ң껸ȥոϵķΧ˲ǧƣÿһ³ΪĿġ
ʲô˼ϴŲ²õɳϸͲںȥڵ·ϣҪȥȡڵǸؾ
·ϵʱ䣬Ҳû˷ѣĥŲ㣬Ҷڤεأ˾ĵһ㣬ʵЩϵľڱϿٵš
ܿ쵽˴ؾϾؾۿȥʲô쳣ƽʱղ࣬һΣȴؾ״һѽĽ
ô״ϱ²⽣пܾɴؾûýʩΪֱӽ˴ؾս棬ǵصĽӿ
볣ϲȻص㲻һϾ޽ģֱΪؾǵʵкܴá
Ǵֱ£ؾԾǴкôҳ֪̽ؾ򵥣ʱ棬ؾ£Źʵһ졣
þڴؾ뿪һˣ󣬸оڿռؽȴؽҲҪڴؾԸ
Ȼʣؽڿռȡʱնǧ̵ֻڿգڵأһĻøĽʧɫҲؽƴɱ֪ؽ򵥣ȴû뵽ͨͨؽȻ֮һ򽣹ؾ𵴡
ʱһХӴؾĴ


2021 ŷ
Хո𣬾һ磬ʣڴؾУһ֮Ƶؽȸߵͣ
ѽҲһѴ󽣣ؾ״ǳơ
ԭؽΪ˴˽⽣ӦþǴؾĺˡ⽫һԾ϶ؽ˵ϣٴοʱѸһ¥
ˡ
ؽһȻ֮ˣƮնǰѴ󽣡
Ž˳˾䡢֮⣬Ҳ˴ؾУ󣬳ֱӽؾʸΧסͬʱնסһһĽơ
һУϾǧҪͼƽƣҪƳˣԼͻʧˡ
Ӧǡ
ǵĻ˵꣬Ѿˣֻһڴ˵صȺĻ֮ȻΪ˾ǣҪ֤ǵİȫ
ն˳ĬȴŴؾѽսҪǴؾڵĴ󽣰ˣǴؾͽʵԽǶ˵Ƿǳֲ顣
ڵؾȫֲؾûˣǽҲάֲ˶ãһӮģǰѽȻڴؾУȴߣڴؾռʱ˺ͣȻӮˡ
û˼ڳϣֻΪϡҪؾΪ˸׵ؿס
ϳʱҪȥģȻ壬ǰ£ȻϷϢǸţϸĲǻ⣬Ҫ׼
ٴλص壬վǰȻһɵսľ֮У·Բ֮һߵĳϣоͨƽӶ̬ȣ峤֪˿϶ӸĪ⡣
ͬ岼һϻԽεĲ£һԴӣǾҳԣ켴һֺ󣬳ȥ
ԻҪصţŻûв֪ʵʱһЩ飬ȥ֮ǰ飬һ£ĵǲ֣ȫϣںޱڶ£ȻڴĳŵЩԱߵļ˺Ļ
ڵ˵ʲôӶᷴԣڣңӻΪԼһ۲ŴԵĶӣԺѡ
Ըŷһ£ȥؾĳϲ˿̣ڲ㣬ûв㵽ĵطҪȥʱڿռˮʲ˵ˣ˵ˮһˣһ¡
һ룬Ӧϻһ䣬Ӧڵܹñգ򲻵ѵʱ֪ô𣿡
֪ˡ
ˮʲػشһô£ͻص˵ߡ

뵽ˮʲε飬ٿˮʲЩӣϱһ̣ٶȿɱˮʲˣ֮󣬱㽫ˮʲ͵ˮ壬ˮĵ̳϶ṳ̂ȥһ·ȥ
·ϣϵĲ㻹ûʲôչȴͻ뵽֮£ϣ⣬ҲҸóæѪӦûкܴ
ôۺ󣬳ʱһ£Ժ︡ζӰ˵֪ζںδǷƽһ㡣
ζϵһ㣬Ӧ֣ܿζ˿ޱȵذȫھһ־ϲζҲ߳½
㵽⣬ϼˣ޲ȥζһ棬ǣ岷ĳһʱȴ谭ֲ㼸λ󣬲üͷһ壬ĻĶͦǿڵĲ֮һʱͻƣҽϵľȫպҪϣ̫ѣֻҪζƽľͺãȥһȥҵĻĪ鷳ھպ֮ʱ
ϴҵζ뷨ܿ˵ҲϣϱζǸҪϲ٣ϵ켣׷ѭ֮󣬱֪ܿķλ
ܿȻҲУǵ·ߣȥġ
ʱΪʲôȥһδܿΣգһŲǣȴСȡ˳С˵Сһ˰ɡ
Сܲ뿪ϣȫСζʲôСؽ֮Ƴգڶȥ
ͬʱܿʦ۾ȣҵң˭ôĿܿ滹û̺Σ
ܿʦûи飬ֻǴɻֲ²⣬ܿһٶȸڡ
ζܿˣȻأ
ϲȻѶȴЩûζܿӦ֣һȷȻȫ֮󣬱֣˵ȻˣҺܿͻ㡣
½УоһӿȻ˵Ҳʱ䲻ˣÿߵľ磬ԼΪٸһߡ
ȻΪȻտʼ׽ҪʦʵĿģôõʱԼ²˽˼ڵĳϲʵڶʱڱԱ־
˵һᣡ
Ȼ˵ϾʵԼġ
Уֿʼ˾ͽող㣬Ͻüһߵһ½ղɢ켣Ǹ½صĶ
һ˼ȥ


2022 ֮˼ؤ
˲㣬˽켣֮󣬳ϸԼֱ
ںͳصʲôԼҲϵʵ̫ˣпԯп̫пڿռȵȣʲôҲֻн뵽֪ˡ
ûʱ䣬ϾһȽƫƧС·߽ǸΪͨĴ½һ߽ȥϾ͸оһɪŰܵϢƱȰ׼Ҵ嶼Ҫ˥䡣
һ½ҪͼĴ½ԣ½ֻ½صģҲ߼Ĵ½ˡ룬ܹ֮ˣԤǸǣܹܲΪһ½أϲڵĽһ
뵽˼Ĵɢ˿ȥΪһ½㣬ǿ϶ҲܹΪΪˡȹˣҾһ½۾ɢɢĴᣬüͷţʵ벻ףһ½صʲô
ͷ֮£ҲֻúţȻҲû˷ʱ䣬Ȼһͼ½Ȼͼ½٣һһ㣬ܷḻһЩһЩ
ڿռһΰԶḶ́εζҪ
;ϣˣΪΪ£󲿷ֶʦΪĶ֮٣ΪڳǰȫϰĴڡ
ȫû뷨ҲǴĽ׶ģ£ңЩΪͣȴܴǵ۾һɻϣ˵ǿ;رǻ͸źݾ׾
ˣܹ㹻Դ˵Ǵﵽĳɾͣ϶һ㡣
˼ʣ˸죬ҲûҵһټѾ˰ϣϴӱϿҲһͨͨˣΪϢûС
ʵڵڶ֮ٺ󣬳ѾоɢΪϢֻΪϢǳҪһ֮ǿɢϢ΢ϢֱӾͱѹ𾡡
ˣϽϢزƣǱ˿ֱܻΣմڵĶˣʵ˿˶ǿģЩȳϻҪܶ࣬ЩˣΪߣҲһˡ
ʱЩ˰ѳ϶һϿڣóվסʵûкЩ˶˼ֱǰȥ״ŭһɫƣСǲ֪үս⣡
䣬ն˽ĽڿУô䲻ȥһƶɢޱֲаƴնʱǰѶ˵ǳĽֱѳƬͬʱѪɳȥ˿ۿ־壬ɪɪԶֳһ·
ϱҪһ߶Щˣͻأǰ˵½ЩطǷǳΣգ֮أ
ʲô
ˣֱʩչѻΪΪ̫ͣ㷴ܣټ֮϶ԡѻ̣ʹҲ¯࣬ԣϢѣϾͽļ˸ɸɾ
½׵أ޵Ԩȣ֡
һ飬׵صķλԺ󣬷˵Ǻ£ҪԷ򣬱˿̣ɱǣǧҲɱԣ·һûǰ;ҵҪõĸ࣬ڳԺˬ졣
˵꣬գϢʧˣЩ˿һĻʱΪˣǸ˻ȴûܵ˺ظųϵĻȻ۾ﱩ⣬˵öԣҪڳԺڣרźڳԺڣ
ͬʱﻹţҪһӵı£Ҿܳư½ˡţԾϵĿ꣬ǵĶ
Щǿ˵˵ת۵㣬ǶԳ˵ֻһССĲϼ֮УѪΪǲһ£Ц˼ǵ켣Ȼ˱仯պ󻹻ôһ洦
ǳϴδģһԣĥ켣Ҫı˵켣˵Ҳѣ仰Է츲صı仯Ҫ˵ףҲһףеƴҲתá
죬죬滹в
ϼп꣬ѾȣȷʵŨŨڳѾӽԴǰֵһᣬֱӳֽȸڿռ䡣
ٶȣ޵Ԩ֡
½׵ȫ֮󣬳üƴյøˣǰճ㣬ܺϹϵӲЩ׵أܸһЩʾ˳ϡ
ǣسˣ׵ʲô쳣״ûС
ٹһ죬ûз֣ǾֻպѰˡ
ţҪؽ󣬺ܿ죬ͷ£߽˶½ĵڶʮУ˳˽ȥﻹǱȽϷıȻкܶహڷš
ʲôط˵¼ǲ٣̶һ·Ͼ߰˸֮󣬳һߵľ¥ǰһ۸˵¡
ȴǾ¥ı֮࣬۸һ̱ڵϣͷͷûйͷһؤǵ֣ͣؤжԶԶҲʲôطƾ𣿸Ͻ¥Զ򣬾ͽĹ
ҡҡͷ׼ʱؤͻ̧ͷ˵ǣкãһξƣһξƾ͹ˣֻҪһΡ
ɣޱȵ˺۵ϵʱסˣͬʱҲףΪʲôо½йˣ


2023 ֪
ֻһΣҲֻһΡ
ңǰġģϼлͬȹ˵ڶ֮٣治һֱܹóץסĹͨ㡣
ϳˣֱҲˣɳϵȴǿáױȡݣǰؤһʱ򣬲ʵ̫ˡ
ϵһμѪħ½档
ʱȻ塢ȵȸ涼˼㣬ɳȫһҲ಻һ£ܴѪħ½գǿȥ
ڣȴһؤһȺֻʦΪ裬ˣصĺˡ֣ģֻһξƣһͨòͨľơ
Ĳ࣬ϣֻÿһ֪ˣһʱ䶼ܲ
Ƿ
浽׷ʲô£
һŴʦΪͷޱȳЦ˵Ҫһξ𣿡
ǵģкãֻҪһξ͹ˡ
һξȷʵ㲻ʲôأҲǿԸ㡭
ллˣллˣҡ
˵ţ߿ͷϱܷӦҪȥססˣ˺ôסģʱǸͷ˵أүһ
ү˵
ںһξ֮ǰһү򣡡
£Χ˼ЦһЦúǿģ۾ȴ¶ôһ⣬ֵȥ
ɫޱȳأŷԼԼǸϣ޸֮ķˣֻĳпܻήٵϡ
ôӦӦҪ˴үִӴүмȥүԸΣ
ãҴӦ
ƽ˵⼸֣Ц߷ߴǸͷĻҪ⿪ӣһֳݣʱš踺ءõ𰸵ĳϣ˳ȥ
Сӣʲôˣ
ͷţﾡǲˬߺӵٶȸˣͷҲأֻŷҪʲôһ³
ʧȥеΪ֮ǰһֱûע⵽ϣǣ϶ڷǰʱһʱ˳󣬷ſЦݣûаĲ˼֮顣
Ҫˡ
á
ϻ£ҲʲôǸѾһҪĴʦϾͱꡱĴ̶ͷըѡ
ǧ֮һգۼĹʦ˵ϣ뷨ʱ״̬һģһʦ֣ﲻͣزҽţΪоԼĹͷѾˣһûˣΪɢøɸɾҲ˵һ뵽Լղ˵Ļ棬ʦͱġ
ʦҲܵ˳ͷûдʦأˣжԶԶˣǴδ飬ֶһ£Ŀи߸ϵĴʦͱһˣ˴ĺ䶯ȻǾ˾¥
Ϊִо
۾ˣϽע뷨ڣ˵ллָ㣬ûЩѾˡ
˵ҵľˣ
ô˵
Ǿ֮ɵô󱨡
˵仰۾ϣȴóһЩҩģΪҩһӲŵҩɣιº˵ǱߺȾƣ˵
á
˵ţվ¥ȥ߳ͻס޸ӵ飬ðκ˵Ѻþúþûվ߹·ˡ
ԺߵúԶԶ
Ϻ˵ҡҡͷЦ㲻ðοҡ
֮ǰûп¥ͱһ˸˳ڣȥ¥е˶սսв˹ڵϣ˵Ҫеľơ
Ⱦ¥ϰӦһУ¥еľƣʹ˷ӿҲðžƣһɵۣȴ뷨ȶо
¥ϰ循ȵ죬عĵһӦӣƿˣ̼䣬¥ֻʣ³뷨ˡ
ʲô£
ѱ𣬱Ҫ㣬;ȴǱ˵ʬǸ˻ȥȻ󲻵ˣʩչѪѭ֮󣬾ͱ
Ļǰǰ˵һ飬һھƺ󣬷͵Ҫڳǰһȴûйȥ˵ϥǣŵأ
ֻ㣬ұ𣬰ɱҵ갲ϢԸ㵱ţ
Լĳ𣬵ȻԼȥŽޣ
һ㶣ûζϢͻطЦƿ࣬˵ԼҲԼôȥҵľѾȫˣҵĵҲըˣеһΪʵûˣ˵һʿ߰ĺͯҶκβˣôȥαˣ
ֿһڣȴǸǺˣһѪ⼸ҵģ˹ˣһϣӣΪܹǣĲ֪ܻܲȥ㲻֪ʹ
֪
ɫ£ء
㲻֪
ȻȻΪûˣֱڵĳϱǴ౶һţô֪һϵķʹ
֪
ٴ˵ȷȺ˵ΪҲйʮ꾭ϵӣΪҲһˣķˣ

ƺҵأȴûһξƽ


2024 һͽ
˵ģ
ǵġ
ľϹһˣ
׼ȷ˵Ǳڸϵķˣ
ܹ
ǵġ
ȥǻȴڲǺ£˷ܵزΪûˣʵûˣӻڣ˵ЩζʲôȻǳ
ԴԼ֮󣬷Ҳûлָһ죬Ȼﾭμȴû뵽λгΪʵһ졣
ҵľܹܣ죿ʵٴӵУ
ǵġ
Ҳ𣿡
ҪĴ
ϺԥĻش𣬷飬ȫ޷ݣǿԼӿϲ侲켴Ծϴ棬ȥ۹ֽͷޱã˿ȴһζųϰȥ
Ȼݲ¡
˵Ұݣ
ðݣһᾡԼܵģ˵ҵĶˣǻйͬĵˡ
ұðݣܳҲȵģԣһ˵ȵңҾȵ㣬ټһΣѾǵڶˣ㲻ҰݣһĽᣬ֪ģҵûκκô˵
Ļ˵ˣȻֻǣиоֵֹģҪ֪ǻŷƶȥϻ
ˣ
һ죬ȥߵףҪ𷨷ȴų˵ӣΪͽ
ȥ֣˰УδĻ棬켴æǰʹãΪͽ
ղã
⡭
һʱҲɣ˵ǰ
ֻһˣͬ⣬ҲѧˣֱӦʡ
ն˵ϵִţɼǿ÷վҲٹȥǣշΪͽûа׼
ǰǺαأ˵һᾡ㣬;Բʳԣ
ųӣΪţҲŸҪݳΪʦҾʵģԸ׷ѭӵĵ޻ڣ
ҵĵ
һʣ뵽ֱһ󣬳Щ飬µʵҪΪʦ
ֱһϲ֪ϸı⣬ҲǼΪׯص˵ʦϣܵݣ£ˡĵ졣
̹Ȼݣ˵ãҾΪӣ
лʦ𡣡
ɡ
վ˵ڣҴǬ
ʱһ˷ԺǬһۣﾫⱩޱɫǿǱ˼֪Ҫɴ˹Ҫʦȴһ·˹
ֲʦΪʽֻҪƴŲ벻С
˵֪Ͼʹ࣬ģҪڵõġǬѾϲýΪȫ棬ʼϵõġǬȫһбȫ޼Ѱ
ңѪծһٱѪġ
ȭͷ˵ϵ𣬡⹦ȶധĦȥֽ׶ΣҪľǣúϢָӣӻָ״̷̬רΪƵ̥ǵ
ǣʦ𡣡
ʦϴŷ뿪˶½½˺Ȼ׵ʧﲻ֮ʱٳϵھ¥ǰ¶һתֱӴ˳ϵţ˵ǳϵߣΪ׵ؾǳϰǻģͬʱȥĻֻҪϣܵõӻ֮࡭
ǵĿУϱ֮ΪһΪ˵񼣣ȻǸٶȣչȥ
Щ¶ڲԵһûȥᣬٶȥһ·ϣΪţ˵⣬˵ڽ
üΪ棬ԽԽţⲻǻҵʦ𣬶ʦȥĻһӵǬҲﲻָ߶ȡ
ϲ˵˷⣬⿪˲ʣջ񣬿ǣ϶ڷԱسơʦ𡱵ľֵֹֹֹĸоرʱ
عͷһ룬ӣһһյҲ벻նΪԶȣչصǱصϴ򶯣շֻԵɺϡ
صǬ
ţһļƻҪǲˮʲˮ壬һ·ߣͲֱⷬ£֮У֮⣿
ɳϴţգ˾Ҫִ｣ͬʱܿѾڣڿٵܿļٵش˽ȥǣԶܿͱһʸܿʦܲͷֱӽЩ˸ӵһȥ
ײܿӿȥˣԴǼº󣬻û˸£û£ȻҲûԣ˵һ䣬ɱһӰ٣
ʲôˣ
Ϣţܿδţֻ˵ʦŵϢˣ
˭
ܿʦûиоϢһֱӺȵóϸϽ
ӣ
󾪣ɫ˲ʧ͵ʵǳӵʲôˣ
ôϿӣҪŮˣڰϢڹ
Ůˣ
˫ߺܿһ˾ŷ֣ȴܱǸ˵ʵڲ˼Ѿ뿪һʱˡ
뿪ˣ
ܿޱȵʧʱԶһӰƿն


2025 δؾʧ
ƿնӰȻС
˿̣ܿʦŭѣȷʵˣӵص׺ò׸ϵڣɽȴǳˣջŹ֣оԶжٿԥҪ¡
ɾʱСӰһʧˣٳʱѾܿߣܿȻСȻڵС֥ɺ˺ܴı仯ܿһ۾˳
ֻ֥ɺڳߵһֻ
ʦС
ܿϽʦԷʦͻȻ֣СȫܿĻСϵĻܿܿˣϾϲ֮ɫǺмźΪûڵһʱ俴ϡ
ʦ˵æ£ͻҡ
ܿЩС˵ܿʦȴüͷС˼ܿЩʱܿʦ˵ô֪
Сһ˦̣ᣬܿʦֱӲͷ˵Ҫ˵ʹܿߵһ⻰ܿҪ˵ȴǱܿʦǿֹˣСǣⷽ滹Щңɲ˳ϵ¡
ǺСʶܿʦ˺üͷһɽ˵ϻᲷ㣬֮ǳңȴ
ܿʦͣ˵ãǾһϣԽԽȤˡ
ʦô˵֣ܿҲҵϽӭ˽ȥҲܿʦ𲻼򵥣ʱ򣬴ÿһǿǶôڵһ¥
߽ڣ·ʱܿʦ𿴵һ񣬾һͣס˽Ųתȥһֱߵǰһֵգܿʦɢܿ˵ɻ󣬵˭Ҳûгѯʡ
֮ܿʦص˵δˣ
һʣΪ𾪣Ϊδϵ֣һ˼˵ǰһ֮ʣ֪ǰʲôϵ
Ĭ
һ֮ܿʦ˵֮ѡ
Ȼܿʦ˵仰֮˭Ҳţֱָ֮Ĺϵܿʦּʵδôģ
ûжʱԥ㽫ǰ˵˳Ͻһ㴫֮Ǳҳص͵˾⡣
ȵ˵꣬ܿʦϢȫ˵ǳϣδܿϵˣôãһȣʲôһˡ
ܿʦܿȥϢǶվһվܿСȥǴǰš
ͬʱѾŷص˽󣬳㵽ܿȥڣȴû㵽ܿʦ֮ĳֹϵ
һϽؾ
һȥϱо볣ɢϢ뿪֮ʱȣΪͬջҲ١
볣ջȷʵСϵַâȫˣǹ֮٣ѾȫѾεģĽ֮С
裬ǽﵽ˼£һؾ뱯⣬һߵǵŵļʽ֮˿˿֮Ҳڱ֮С
ҲõٴɨУ￼Ϊһ
ؽأ
𣬴ؾ򽣣ؽƿնڿգལԹؽΧУԭֻ
һĻﻹơ
Ϣؽɵߣһۿ壬ؽΪɳֻߴ󽣵ľڼսһնؾ𵴲ѡ
ã
˵һ֣ؽڿռһڿռ䣬ؽܵСǰΪؽսʤǰСڸĶ˺ܴá
ڸֵˡ
˵꣬غڶתɢڴؾڣ϶Ϊһ˿̣һ｣վڴؾ֮⣬˼ǧ
ؾΪʲôѵֳʲô䣿
һֱԳ˵Ǿ仰ĪʣһԽԽصĸоо£ǧ飬Ҳû뵽ʲô䡣
ؾǲһãȻôأ
ͷո£ͿؾΪҵ֮УؾڱСԽԽС״һӣϾǾ۷׷
ת֮䣬ؾͱСؾһֱڲ²ŵĽͻ뵽˴ڣ뵽ѪؾʱһĪؾڵѪؾһʧˣ
Ժðһͷ󣬽ĽԱѪؾԴ˵һѣû˾Ǹ˽٣ؾԽ˵Ǿһŵƣû˾Ǵ٣
û˴ؾĽ󣬻ǽ𣿡
Լʱ򣬴ؾѾСƴˣվڽĽҲ̽ס˳ȥȻնĽ֮࣬һȥʧøɸɾ
һĻ뵽ǶԳϳʱҲ״ⳡýӿ϶˴ؾĽ֡
һ˲䣬һ𣬴ؾʧڽǰȡֵ֮ģǳϡǵӰӴ󣬺ȵ컹Ҵؾ򡭡
δ䣬ʹ˵ã㣡
һؾòֻǱȴؾС˲ٵĴ󽣿ռ䣬һȺӣ֮ռһӱƵõˣն£ȴоǵĽ󺣡
ȥ˵ô


2026 ؾ˼
ʻϸûᣬһԶѹ£һ󣬹Ϊ˵ӣҪôܽؾ轣󣿡
˵ĻѾǳԵر˽׳ˣ޽֮ˣΪ԰ˣʱΪ˽棬òǿŸ߹ͷ­
˵ʲôͶʲô
ҲһӾǸָ˭ûжԥ˵ͷӣ˵ôǶС
ǾϽʧһʱɣȫʧ
ʧ
Ǹģ󲻽ڲ֮£õĽ࣬˵ӵеĴؾ϶һ¥
һ켴ƽƽ棬ȴŰӿصص˵ͷûͣžǣȥ
ߺ󣬽׼ýʧˣȫ˰֮ǰ󳹵׻ٵ˳ϵ˼֪ҪΪУǽһֲܿ£Լ˿ƣ˾ûһ·ΪС
һ·ϣϾľΪӣò֮ڸ˷켣һֶ֮ã̶ȵر֤̥֮ǰᱻҵˡ
⣬ȡ˳Ѫ˳ųҶڤѪ٣ϣε㣬һЩۼ
ǡʱһ˵ڣҲһؾؾ
ûжķϻûֱӽгȥؾųǰȥʱŷǳΪǲܰؾôڴڴؾܽѹס
Ȼܿʧˡ
̤ؾȷʵоĴŰؾЩƣ֮ܳͨ⣬Ҫܵơ
һؾսǷǳкôģǣؾؾ͸мٹܣԣֻôս뷨ֱӽؾڽڿռ䡣
ؾʧ𾪣й֮޲ͬʱϷؾ֮ձøḻӲ˵иһǳ۹âһš
ϲ̽ȥоǳӴؾϢ֮⣬һɵǳʯϢ
ǣ
һʣӿ뷨ЩֶΣ뽣һѡ񣬵ߺҲʧǵҰ֮С
Ƿš
ŵˣѾ֣֮Ⱥ׵״̬ϲŲģֱ˷һڳϣһһʩչ˽ƣŵ˷ŵؾ
ؾ˵ľǽ㹥ȫΪ
ȻڣڼҪ֮УָоǹΪƵϢʸţ
ҶԽ˵ķǳȴһԳʲô£
˼Щʣϱ߽ؾڿռ䣬ȫ֮󣬳ѯһŵĳϣǶ˵֪Ҳû˵ŵĴڡ
ڷţûڡһɵطŹǣǵķֽһȫѹһգֽʵԷǳ󣬾òϣ˵Ǵã˿̻δָķ
ңҲһòϣñڴڣһ˶ݽߺӵзֽķ˾ʹռϷ磬Ҫһ̼֮Ľֻпܱд
֮⣬ϻջĵ伮ȫߣܴܲӵ伮֮ҳص˿ĴڣЩ֡
ڶʧˣȻҲҪʧ
ϱ·ϣѴӷѹεĿհ׵ģϳ˵ķֽȫ˷ƣԼһЩĶָǣԱʱ֮衣
ǰһ˵ؾõ伣֮󣬳һվȥ󷨵Ĺһûؾ˳һؾĵص㡣
ؾڲµռ֮Уܷ֣ΪѰһֲϣ䴳ģʱϲΪԼһ󱦲أϧ߲ŷһ˴̵ڹǣ޴ֲ˵һСĻҪˣҪԼ
֮£߲ŷˣԼʵ֮ؾأɽ죬ֻ
Ϲһ¾룬ȥǴؾ·̽Զ£Ͼȥ֮ǰ㵽ģټĵط
˵һƻʱָסճȭ֪ԼҪٸսˣɴ˿Ѿ׵İٱԹ޻ڡ
ףȥ
ĬţӰʧ֮УһҲʧ
Щӣֲµģȴһһ⣬һǼ򵥵ĳԵ˭Ҳ֪Щӻʲôʱ򱬷
գ󡢵ȵȼʧϢѾ͵ӵУӴ˿̣ѾһԱɽʱ̣µĹͿɲ٣桢¶˵ʶ
ӽӵЩϢҲԻ
ȻǱʢŭ֮µĳϸܾ⣬ֻЩؾҲ֮ʧе벻ˡ
ˣҲûгϷ͵˼ǣҲһʣڵʵһ


2027 ߵͻƣռѰ
ϱ֮ʱѪǸ֮УֱڣûóȻ֣ȴǻ˴бĶ֮УһڵΧӡ
ͬʱҲִڡ
壬ڵĽɫ׳أͻرһ춯أһŽɫڿգ̵ͣŽɫɢϢȻ̤֮־ķϢ
ڽɫ׳үүǸ£Ϊ˹֮ǿߡ
ƶˡ
һжӵ֮ϲϢɫ˵ϣţǰĴ𣬵˸ñʱˡ
˵仰ʱţԼڵΪ϶ܽϴþһţӰһҪȥ
ɾʱſڳһӰסˡ
һæϲ˵үү̤֮ˣҲÿɫˣҽȥȢŮȻȥСӸʰˡ
˵űҪܳȥүүȴǺȵվס
үү
⣬Ҫ˵ʲôȴүүɫޱȵأžЩʵүүôˣ̤֮㲻𣿡
ȥͻƻ֮Զ׼뿪׳ذ벽
үүӲûаأȴЩɵˣļﻹûл֮Ѿ²⵽֮ǹ֮Ϊǲ²⵽ˣԺˣΪүүûдﵽ֮ΪȻɫһˣﻹֵɫһ߸ϡ
үү֮Ϊʲô
ûΪʲô
㲻˵ҾͲ
үү⣬뵽Ҳգ֪֪֪ãֻҪͦѵʱ̣ھ޴ѹ֮£Ľܻ죡
һ룬үү˵ܹܻ֮ǿߣ
ʲô
һʱûصù֮žʧʳôһ䣬ʳͬʱоͲӿүүÿ϶˵һۡһ³ôһѪ˹ȥ
գŻȴЩˣŲţΪԴſ̤֮ͬʱڣϾȻɳܹܻ֮ǿߵĵزš
ʵ֪ǣүүģϲܹҪܻ֮ǿߣܹնɱ֮ǿߣ󺰣үүûȥܣֻ֤ȥУϣܹŹȥǳŹȥˣǽһǳҪת۵㣡
һߣϺ;ѵĳһһκһ½֮ϣȴ񹴱˵ռ֮С
ϺͳҪڽռ֮У̫ѣǷȴܣǬ͵ҪĥѣҲ׼ȷ̥֮󣬾Լȥ̥ǲûɣңתһ룬ĥӵľǾ֮࣬Է££Ǭࡣ
뵽ϱ㽫սڿռ˷һֹڿռ⵹ǳ᲻һȴԴ
⣬ϻСںѵѵ
˷⣬ռ֮УռѰ·ϲѰңýĿռṹȫӡԺСҲоſռ䣬оĴѾɰٷ֮ʮ
Щṹѳһһܣ
ĥΪʲôͬʱѾҵһռ䳤ȣſռ䳤ǰߣԽŵǹİȴϤζҲȷ
ǣһ˰죬ȴ񣻳Ͻռѭʩչ£ѭζ׷ȥ׷˰죬ȴתȦΧſռ䳤תȦ
޾ռˣȴѵöˣȻĿҽռ䳤ˣΣ
һ˼Сؽռ䳤ڿռڣÿһ㣬϶Կռ⣬ҪôȻʱ֮󣬳Ͻռ䳤̾ҲûзҶڤ䡣
ѵҲд
ʳɣҡͷ񶨣֪ȷʵҶڤĵطĪǰһʱ䣬ǻ
ûˣйڣ
Ϸ׽ţ֮۾һҶƬռʩչʱ䵹ֹһУ³ǰǲ֪𣿡
취ȷʵǺð취ɳٵȴڻûȫʱ䵹²˳٣Соͬʱ䡢Ҳûţ۲һռ䣬ã伱ȴѼпռǹϢսʣֻһ֡սռս
оʱ䵹ĹУãʱռ䲻ƽֵô֮еϵеϢϢص˼
תգСջ񲻴ǧٻأҲûܽʱ䵹˻ȥǡʱ侲ֹԽԽЩϤںͷ֮ʱСڸϴȥһʶ
ʱͬο⣬С˷
ǣСΪʲô֪ϻǺʣرСڵڶ֮еţС˵ⶼҴĶ
ⷬ˳ϲʣͬʱ𾪸Сڵ˭ܹĶп֮󣬳ͷɣС󲼳ʱĥ
Сڵʵʱһ죬ɴﵽŸ£


2028 ĴΣѪ
ʱڳϵĳɳٱǿ棬Եĥȷʵ٣Щݷ棬ȴ𵽴á
һ죬ھ¡
ϺСʵʱ䣬СڵʾŪʱ䵹ĳΣȻԼȷȥǣȴҪܶʱ䣬ʱټϳϵʼһֱʱϲãһһ붼ǳؼ
ˣϷ˼ĥʱ󣬶һƬռʩչոоĶ
ʱ䵹
һ£ҰĶͷ˱仯ֳǰ״Ϣʱ䣬ʾľǳռ䳤ȵ飬̶ֵؿռ䳤𣬵سϡǸ˵صĻ桭
Ȼʱ䵹Ǻƣǣ󲿷Ҫݣܹʱ䵹һ̣ˣʱ䵹ɹ񣬾Ϳʲôˡ
һ˲䣬гӰһȣһȴƣޱȣȵС棬һȻҶڤˡ
˵ӣҪ뿪˵أӰʵ֮Уȴ˴ֱȥ
Ȼڴ˵ͣ
һˣȴѾôֻһƬռ䲨ڱ飬ռ䳤ԭҲûеģ֪Ūʲôֽţȡĳŵ״
һƬģĻУϺƻ˵ġռӰӣֻȴһζò̫壬ǡʱ䵹ûƣʵҲ㹻ǿԵʡ
ǣͿЩ棬Ѿ²⵽С϶һ£ɣʵܹΪǣҪĴۣҶڤҶڤֱݽߡ֮ർµĿݽߣ
С㵽ʲôƾʵҪǿҶڤĻӦò̫ѣĺ滹ң滹ҪҶڤֽͬ£ѵΪ̫Ҷڤ
ŵҶڤԸԼΪۣĳôһְ˵Ҫ氮Ը⿴Ҷڤǰ
ۺĻҪ£ҪҶڤĸԸϣĻܽͺܶˣҪҶڤԼˡ
˼ӿٴʩչʱ䵹Ҫϸڣʱ֪Խ࣬ʱ棬ռԽϷ硣
ʱ䣬ϾʩչΡʱ䵹ʱ䵹УԼ׽һ㵱ڡػϣֳǻ״ֻǳϸо⻨뵱ġһƬ롱źܴĲͬ
Ρʱ䵹ʩչнĸҪһʩչʱ䵹ʱ͵һüͷȴǳϸоһ
Ͼȣڿռĺƴ֧⻹ȫġʱ䵹Ĵξ֮Уرڴ֮ǰûаԤףܲó𾪡
֮еʱ䵹ǵҪά֡
ţüͷȴһýˣΪظоԭ򲢲ȫ棬һָεĶʱ⡢֮࡭
ͺñս񵱳ż廨֮Уûյʹ廨ķҲͽ͡
ʱ⣿
ϼУСĥͬʱעһʱռϵʳҪѪ롰ʱ䵹Ķһڵķλ
һߣһ֮󿴵ԼѾ½˾ͽѾһѪµ˼ţ齨һͽ
ôʱĵ飬˾ͽûзѪĵ磬ѪħԵϵܣҲûз֣ǣ˾ͽûоʹ˽ҹΪѪѪħûйϵҲ½йϵȻйϵǾҪһˡ
˵˾ͽҪص½أǾ͸ܷŹһһε쳣ˡ
ĹģԽԽ˾ͽ˽ϢԽԽ֪࣬ԼѪֻһƬһ֣Ѫ֮⣬˸硣
ŸΪ磡
﷢չ׳֮˾ͽѾòȥ̽ѰϢ֮࣬һԸȥɣ˾ͽҪ£ǲǿԼʵ
֮ӵǿʵ˾ͽȻеزʵһ̫ڱˣҵ˾ͽεģһѣеһжΪС
˾ͽеķеÿһĻһӿϤȴֵĸоһ˵еĳ֮󶼲ǵ̫ٶʧһ֡
ǣ˾ͽΣûģûʧǸӵÿһ飬оԼŵһҲ˾ͽһθһξˡ
ֵǣ˾ͽΣˣ
ÿһʱ䣬ξеݾҪһ֣ɲζ˵飬˾ͽ飬ʹȵȣҪϺܶ࣬һδ֪ĵͼڲϵرھһ
ʲôΣһδʵľ
Ȼ˾ͽпţȴϣξĶ࣬Ϊÿһ֣ʵͻǰһ
֪⾿ʲô˭ķ֮Ч


2029 ֮
˾ͽпԱ任ǧķ˼תԼȹʱ䣬ʱȹʱô̡
⣬ʱĲһҪǲһʱֲ˶٣
˾ͽʱ㲻⣬Ŀ⣬еĺ«֮ϣؼǵã«һõķ
«ҲΪľƣƷԽԽߣ֮ǰ̷鵤ҩҪ«˾ͽ˼֪ʲôط
ţһֻΪϸСĳӣٶķɿطɵ˾ͽǰ˾ͽ˼˾ͽһץ˹ķӵβȡһˮҺΡ
ӣϢ棬˼壬ϢģһϢСأÿһֻϢ򿪵ķʽһ񷨱ָӡһһһӦģҪǿƳĻǾֻһ֣Ϣ汬ɷĩһ㶼ʣ
Ϣ꣬˾ͽųЦݣϢ˵ںһΪ쳣룬ڱš
磬Ѫ翿һھӣҲǾһ֡
ҪѪ磬ǣҲ͸˽ȥΪˣ˾ͽܵõϢ
䣬
˾ͽ׽⼸֣ǰһˣʲôıܷҵһ·뿪磬ȥѰϡİǡ
ȥģɲ˾ͽһˣΪЩʵкߣԼھݸߵˣȥŸָĿġ
ı籩棬ӰǳϿ׷ѰҶڤҶڤɫѿϢ΢ˣ෴ȴݹ͸
ɫأ˵ؼһˣγɹҾܽȡ
סӦҵĻ
Ҳᶯӡ
˵仰ʱԺиŵȴǳϵӰлȴұҪģѾ˳Թ˾ͲңĻҪģֻҪĻԵټҵĶͻǸ磬Ӧòʲô¡
Ҷڤ˵ʲôȴһڴϣ˵ʼɣʱҪҶڤԺлӵӰ忪ʼ仯һǧ
֮Уʱﻨʱĳϣֹͣ˲㣬˳һصĲ֮УϷҶڤ켣Ρңҿεĳ̶ȣ֮ϣϱ봥켣Ϊ켣Ĳʦ̶ɱ
ǲ֪ʲôԭ˲ûб
Ȼ켣Ϊңھķ֮£͸ҿһЩЩʵҶڤڵ¡
¡óЩԺɳûһֱԺȥϢ볣һȥ֮¡
Գһʵ֮֮ûʲô⣬ǹɴѹֱӱǺԣȥѹͿʼˣֱӽѹ
Ŵ֮µһ߽ڿռͬʱһţ£ָǴ֮Ҫһֱµδһͷ
Դˣϲֻ֪ܸݲãȥת֮䣬ʮϻûиоǲ֮еġ¡ѾʩֶΣʻѹ
һߣķΧԽԽ㣬ѾӵѪ罻Ǹ򣬲ǺѪ罻棬硢ħ硢ҹ绥ཻš
ʣµĸ˵ûڴ˽棬Ҳżӹϵһ̶˵еǾģҲΪˣ˴򱻴ҳΪ֮ġ
֮ޱȻңض˭˭ռ֮ģȺ֮Ϊңھ֮ĵʲô˶Ув֡
ı쵽֮ģЩסˣ׷׳ֹ֣ɱǣþֶΣҲס
쳣ԽԽ󣬲Ǻˣ˸Ҳ۵һ𣬾˺ʩչͨͬ赲סʱŸ˻ˣϽ򱳺Ԯ
ھϵľŸ֮ϣһĸ
ĸôϢҲҴ⣬ɳһӾӢ֮ģӾӢͷˣǾʥŮ
ⳡǰľս־ޱȵʱ˾ͽȴǣץź«˱űȥ
һʱ֮󣬾ʥŮҲ˱
˿̣һ˻ڴ֮н䣬Ѿ˽ʮѾڳܵļޣһˣǴҲѣҲʱ׼Žڿռ䡣
ˣڿռĳǷǳɵģû֮£ȻӴʣնӦŵĴأ½ϵĴأһһֱ£أǴصһߣֻĴڣ
ô˿̣ÿһ㣬ܵѹҪʮٱǧʮʱ򣬳ϽڿռһǱعУѾõ
ϵջҲСһЩԼһ̶Ϸḻڿռ䣻СҲڿռ䣬ڳϵĻųϼ䡣
¾ʱϸоһϣֹ£
ʮʮţľţϺܹ졭üȴ̽ѰֱԽԽˡ


2030 Ҵ
ϺԼֱ̽鿪ȥϷΧǳ㣬ȫУ߰˸ʱҲûнӴһԵͷ
ͬʱлðһͷϣеǲĻһų̽Խ࣬ӿ϶ͷ
ĻеĻĪ֮£һ磿
ϷʣϢ˵²ǷȷϺƣ֪Ǽˡ
ϸж
ͬһʱ䣬˾ͽĸˣͬľʥŮȴ˾ͽһģʥŮո̤룬һģ˿ߵ˿ɲ࣬Ǿĸˣ棬ŮԣžɫǾʥŮ
ʲôˣģ
ʥŮ󾪣ֻǸո¶棬ݾͱ˼˸ɶԷʲôͷҪʲôȵеһУ֪

ˣҲûж֪ľڣ㵽ʲôˣ
ʲôˣ㻹֪Ҫ㻹ߵĻұҾʲôˣ
ƽƽһ仰û˿ɱʥŮȴһɻζΪĸʥŮȻܾʹȥǰ治ͣıʥŮٴʵģ
ȻǴӾ֮·
֮·ʱضڱ仯ε֪
ǲˣǺðɣұ㣬ʲôˣңɱˣ
ָһЩ磬ػһѽնʥŮϢޱŨʥŮŶһץȵ£
һֺ£ͻأƾ֣ѽ£ʥŮؿһͣ˹һתŻָ˵һǰҲĶ֣ڣʥŮҲҵĶ֣ĺգֻƣƻкôһأ£ҵĶ֣ȥǸɡ
ܼó֣ɱܽ𣡡
ʥŮ˵ü˵֮ĶҪٻĸȴǵĸ⣬ҪȻôֻǰأ
֮ԣʥŮ۾Ȼ֪ʲô⣬֪ܲãĲʦɱˣǴ֮󣬾̤ء
ЩǰŮ˾ȻܹµŮļƣѾηˣʥŮûа˱ܵ˼еƣ޵ƣĸҲֻһ˳ˡ
ˡ
ʥŮĵһоʲôѹʥŮ󾪣ȴһĨϲɫ˵ˡ
˵ʱʥŮѾԥسˣһ֣¡ҹ¡Ѫ¡ħ¡£֣
䣡
浭ÿһ֮ϣһ仨䣬֮ʱ¹âޱȣ˲С
Ǽٲ˵ûҫ֮Ҵκ˺
žԵţ˵ʱ϶ҲаƬѾʥŮȥʥŮɫѴ䣬ȴǼ˵ƣһԲ飬˲䣬һƷ˳
ƷɳʱǰƬģ顣
ɫһ£ת˲ָԭƣϧֻƣֻǾĸһˡռ֮У
ʮָɣһ仨Կռ䣬̺ŨŨɱƣΧ̣𣬶ҲǷƳ顣
ĻУһ飬ʥŮʥŮ˿ӶӲˣΪΧĿռ䣬ۿʥŮҪڡС֮£һֻ«Զɶסƻꡣ
濴«ķɱ֣Զȴһ仰⻨ݾƣ϶һζ䣬ĻһӾͱ«˽ȥ
켴һӰ֣˾ͽ˾ͽʹ«תһȦʥŮƿһЩռ䣬ԾʥŮ˵ҾҪ
Сα
ʥŮɵӣץסᣬ˾ͽЦͲˣŪһ·뿪С
á
ʥŮӦ÷ǳˬ죬ٳ⣬˵㲻Ҫⳡ£̤ҵĿռ֮棬ΪƸɾõǣ˽ףҴ뿪֮ʱض뿪
ʵôǿҪնɱǲһ˲㻹ԥʲôأǲʲô˼ɣղˡ죬Ҫɣ
˾ͽûһ˿ɫ˵Żһھƣ˵˻ľƣȷʵúȣҲ׵ģǣʱͻȻܲˬԣȻͻ˺󡣡
ᣬ潫۾ˣ೤ʱû˸˵ԣǰһгϵ˶ҲΪٴָٴο˾ͽеĺ«Ժ͵ظһЩ䣬ȣȴޱʵǾƽӵʲôˣ
ʲôƽӣû˵
ĺ«Ӻζ
Ҵģôˣ
˾ͽһĲΪȻȴǽ䱸ϾŮ˸ǳΣյĸоʵһǣȴ׷ʵ
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ȷ˵
һ䣬ǧռŤ䲻л䣬л㣬ʱ˾ͽǾѪͬʱ˾ͽȡǷնȥ


2031 еξ
һն£ն;ǽȴǧϸ룬ÿһ仨ռÿһӴȥʱǿŵĻҪлаܵĻֱӱѿŤŵռ䣬Ҳܵͣת֮ǰǰ㡣
˾ͽ⣬а̾һϧҪҵʵۻ뼸֣ЩռӦǱƲŶԡ˾ͽţٴγ湥ȥǧϸֱһӣţҪһ
ͬʱʥŮҲֱֻ֣ӽʥŮˣĿס˾ͽ˾ͽղչֳֶΣȻһ˿ң÷ǻ뻯޵ĶɲǷŨϢķ
«ƽӣܱúܶķ˭
зʣˡٴδ治ٵ飬ҪǶ˻ȥһУɾͶ׷ˣ˾ͽȵ˭ֻҪסҵ·ֻ·һ
һӣЩܵ͵Ŀռ䣬ûȫѵĻ˲飬֮У籩ӿٲ裬˾ͽ״ѿںȵռ
˾ͽ֪ռȻǴлãܣ˿˾ͽҲûʲôõİ취ֻԶ൲ʥŮѪġ֡Ҳռʵ÷顣
ķǿҲƲɱ㣬ֻǳѡ
˵ԭҪô˻Ὣ˾ͽ;ʥŮһնɱĵˡ죬ٽʱ˷˾ͽϡ
ˣʹռ˾ͽ;ʥŮΧռޱȣһӾ˾ͽ;ʥŮһֻ˿̵˾ͽûоȥⷬڱռΧǣԺѾл渡ֳĸֺεĸо״̬ȵȼһ
ͬǣһ˾ͽѵģ
ʵξͬʱУ˾ͽ֪ʲôֻ֪ǡξֵģſռʹĴ
˾ͽ״治֪ҲûȤ֪תҪѭȥţֻҪһɹǸ«ǹķҵˡ
һ˲䣬ĵĻ֮ϵĳϣǿϢġغڶһȭ£
ʱĻ𶯣ȭͷ֮ȥһԲҵȭΪģѷ죬˷ȥ𶯱ѷӿˣͬһ˲䣬ʹ桢˾ͽڵĵط
ȥΧ˾ͽ;ʥŮĿռɢôһ֣ٲܽ˾ͽ;ʥŮסҲŪýŲһģͬʱġˡңзŭ
ʲô£Ǵﴫģ
ŵʱҧԺֱϢġξʹ˾ͽźεľʥŮɱȥסļƻóѣ˭Ҳˡ
У˾ͽ«䷨ηعȥǴδӴ˵ľʥŮҲĸолع񣬿һ˾ͽϽ湥ȥ

ֻ𣬱˾ͽܵˣöˣһȣȱһֵĻ꣬ο֣Щ֮ǰĴһоǰɣǿȥȥȴԶ
˾ͽ˶ʱײɳȥѪУ˾ͽҲΪʲôЩл̺һһĿռ䣬л֮ȶֱ˴ϵռУռܡ
ʥŮ̫أйȴ㣬˾ͽȻͷڡꡱ죬ʹԺеʹȣʵ̫ˡ
潫˺ˣԥûУֱܽȥΪλ쳣𶯣ֻҪļƻɹܹռԵϷ硣
˾ͽ֪Ҫ£ͬʱҲ֪⼸һܵ飬ǣ֪ΪҪΪ֮
Ҫ񹥳ȥʱ˾ͽԺһ⣬ξ֮ھռĴҰξе
ţ˾ͽѾʩչȥһУ̫ϤǣȴŲһ٣ڴʱ˿̣ÿһ˲˵ǷǳҪһ֮Ѿ˾ͽ
δתһɱУɱײ˾ͽ˾ͽξеԼص֮ʱֻǶѷ֮УֱӽĻ˺˳һĻ粨˼ٵԶ˲ǧ
ϽĻһɱҲһһ£ɱܴʧлֱӻΪޣ˾ͽҲܵӰ죬˵Ƚᣬεʣ˾ͽն£һꪴ͸ɱУ浤Ͼ򵥣ꪻδ˾ͽٴαɨȥѾס˺üϢ
ͬʱٴġˡѾЩԾ뿪˴һξ룬ŭȴٴμǰ˴Σ־ڱصãʧ
˺ƶĻ֪Ѿ˲鷳ֻǽĻڿռڣ֮ʱϷֵĻӴ֮⣬̺Ŀռ仯
Ȼˡ죬ҲԼŵĻ߱Сǰ񱼣
Գ˵ǵĻϣԾе˵ȴǾĻžĻڣؿʼݣȴǿʼð
˾䣬ˣȫֻˣǲ֪ʲô£ֻˣˡȻ׾ĸҲɳǿߣ֮ȥ
صľĸҲۣ


2032 
ųڲϵؽĻڽڿռ䣬ں̶ܴӰ쵽˾ĻʹþĻ𶯣һϢһϢ
еˣվˣվȣڵҲһּңƾκ˵״̬ǲ֪Ϊԭʲôȴ֪Щֻһʱųֵľ£ȻҲʱʱҫڿա
ĩˣ
ڴıĸǿߣûеִ֮һɹɻҵ籩̣Щǿ߾Сһ
ΨһŵģǾĸ
ĸüֳŭ⣬ΧĿռ䡢ȫȾˣĸҪʳ˭ڱĵҰĻȴһݣĪҪˣ
ԣǣ˿̲ǶֵʱңҪ֣һȫûã춯ȴ˭Ūģ
ĸţӦŭ֣ɶ񣬾ҾĻĻ̵̾ģҪ̾ĻǾĻ㣡
£ԣ
£ĸ߾Ͷ˾£ʥŮ£ǳƣܡƷ׷棬ȴǲ˺ܶࡣ
žžĸתھĻľ£Ҳµ沨һֹתš
Щȴ֪Ȼڿ־壻ܴҲܶ࣬ƽʱһ˵ıν˿һ𱬷ȴƺˮ̣ŰأŰĻ
Ũıۡ־ȵػΪԶĳϣظоˣԥģϽ֣
֣ͨҲ֪Ļ֮£ڣҴڵ٣ʹڵĻĳһ˿ԥǣͷ֣˿ֹͣҲˡ
ΪʱľĻһѪڣڷ˿̰֣ǿ϶ǱĻɣĽϵȻ
ԣϽڿռȫʼĻ̣ڿռ󶯣ڵֵڿռľǣܵĥʱӾ磬ؽȴǼڿռת֮УСĥšʱ䵹⣬áʱ䵹ֻǳֳ棬ӵйܣСڻȵشоþ紦֮״ȴ˸оСʱᱩ𣬶á
Ϣ󣬳ϸоԾĻڵĿռ䣬˴仯ȴ״̬ģǱüΪм仹ŹɱУմƵĻʱĳɵĻɣԷΪ˿ƵģƵĻǲǿΪĻҲ˴ģĻǣĻأ
Ժʩչʱ䵹ʱһģ棬ϱ벷һɴ˿̵ľƣѶȴЩ󣬲ġˡֱҪȲҪ
µḷ̌˭̹˭
ϰһȣٶˡȥͬʱԵĻĿռ䣬ԽԽ͸
ľǿֻ֮УɢҲǷŭĻı仯ǰΪѣǸź«ˣȴСǿŻÿһγֱ֮ǰǿ٣ǿӣɢϢҲԽԽˣ벻ס
潫״Ϊ˾ͽҪǳпͣ˾ͽĻԵڵĻԵôǰòһгϵģһԵС׼ﻮ꣬źò׵һԵȴҪܵ˶谭ͬ𣿡
ûмԹȥԹȫʩչռռǹ˾ͽǱŪһͨبھĻԭпռˮаĹܵ
ռóͨǰ棬ڣȴ̫ѣռͨγɣȷʵ淽˲٣ȻȫĻӰ죬ȴҲ˲٣ң˾ͽʱҲŲ
ȻҲҪ治ٵѾ̷ŵҩܿ죬ߵȴˡĵطȴûпҶڤĿӰ
ŭѣȴٴμռͨѭȥϵʱǰֵһƬңûҪĶŭء
żգһŭŭ֮ʱ˾ͽԺеξѾ˷ǳؼʱ̣ξеѾܽռնķ֮һˣ˾ͽǽȥڻƿռ
ʥŮΪھת֮ȴǹһʵ
ҪǰʵľʥŮ϶ǹǰȥɴ˿̣ʥŮȴǿ˾ͽȻɱȥɱȥʱԺһѪ¡
ŵĻ·ĳϣǰĸоԽԽŨˣֻǣҲԽԽ󣬳ϽոõĵĻҲڽغڶڡ
غڶȻûдﵽһһءĵزȴҲüСظḻԣȽϣϵٶȲû϶١
ŶԿռŸ⣬Լ׽ڵĻЩطвз򣻳֮⣬ϻоһ쳣״ڵЩǳѨϣŴĸо
ָо÷ǳĪǴǳѨϵĳϣҲȫͷԣǳѨϾǳǳ죬ɴʱȴĻʵ̫졣
ǣΣԽԽˡ


2033 Ҫ
ʥŮڱУԺѪ£Ҳ˺¡ħ£ǰ˫Ҳˣﵽ£ЩµתʽĻĸߵ½һС
»ʥŮܵĻӰ죬ҲΪ΢ŴˣʥŮûʱ׷沼õĿռͨ
ʱһȣ£䣡
µʥŮӣһезʽײռͨʥŮصĹȷʵ֮ǰǿ˺üʮǣûнռ顣
Ҳÿռͨܵ𶯣ͨеӶһ𣬳ܵѹֻǣѹϵѹС̫ˡ
ʥŮƴͣ๥ٶȻ˾ͽĿȴԽԽϬ˿֮˾ͽվзһŹ޼
˾ͽǰڱ仯ԶĿռͨһޱȵ˹ңȽ״˾ͽ³һ֣ƣ
䣬ҵǰڹһصԭλʱŹȴһֻպھʥŮĿյ˿ռͨ
䣡
ըռͨ˽һ룬ٶȴΪ½ЩˣⱬըӦǱľĻŪһСĻҡ
ĻСңԾĸ˵㲻ʲôֻҪ֮һʱ䣬ָܽԭ״ϧĶǳϣ
ץסᣬ˺ܴһ־ĻԶ֮ľĸоŭɱŨޱȣ۾˺ݹ⣬ˣǷ׵ʱˡ
ʱеˣԺһǰ˵ϣڻҵҲֻЩɢǵ壬ǵϢȵȣԽԽ
෴ѾĻеľ£ȴŹâ
Ҳһ㱯֮ϵһʱоֱ仯۾һݣֳ︡Ѫħ½ЩѪħ˷Ļ棬üͷ壬ʣѪħйأ
Ǿ£ѪħӸӣ꣬Ȼ˵ҪǵҪǵôܲŭأ
ŭŭ
ųǿŭ֮꣬ŭӾĻ£䵽Щ˵ϣȫ㲻ټȥ˿ʼŭˡ
һŭŭǧŭŭ
ĸҲо䣬ٴμӴʱЩ󣬵ŭУЧ֮ǰѾǴۿۡ
Ҵˣһ̣ﻹӿĸоָоиʲôϲڵʲô
һߣƿռͨ˾ͽȴȥ๾˺«ھƺɫЩָǰȥ
ͬʱһ˿ˣ˿ŭɶˣתͷʥŮ˾ͽҧŲţʱеŭ𣬷ϡ
ȻһʱҲҾȥ
˫һ죬ǽռͨһл˾ͽˣֱͣ˺ɨǧѪҰҪսʱҲоĲƽϽ𣬲𿿽ӣﻹ˭ڻҺ£
ҡ
ո£ʹ֣⵭ģİϤһʱûлصùǱߣڿе˾ͽӲֹסԼ˵ƣѪɤӺ磡
˾ͽҲһʱס켴ϲû뵽˾ͽһαҪΪ˾ͽģȴպ򷨷УҲˣȴϣȴڴֵܡ
Ӱһϱ˾ͽǰ˾ͽЦϣ߻˵磬㣬̫ϲˡ
˾ͽļ򣬡ܺãǿ˲١
Ƕ˴ĺ«ҲܵõǳҪȻˡ
«ģĴ磿
һžŭֵ˵֮飬˾ͽתͷЦ԰Ҵ磬ôӣһõԹģòϲҴɡ
ϣ
ҧгݵ˵һ𣬵ȻΪ棬Ϊ˾ͽ̫ϲɣӶĻһУϸϽӦԣ˾ͽ˵Ȱǰ鷳´ˣֵٺúɡ
ã
˾ͽһӦϵƣ˲ɢһգȡ֮ǾٱţܺʹٴβսˣһΣζ´һӦԣ
ͬʱ˾ͽԼʵ»ǰﲻʲôæôڶʱڱøǿһʱ䣬˾ͽ뵽ξ
ξҪΣΣʹ࣬ҪΡ
˾ͽδйǿҵԸǰǱΣһҪ˾ͽܶԲ۷ʱˣ֮Ҳͬ
ǱߣȵղһоĻ𶯣ɵģ
ԭĻоĻ
ûлش⣬ֻһץӲץĻƬڽڿռ䣬״ŭǣһμ棬ҾӦɱ㣡


2034 л
кܶС㣬˵С㣬ǱضָС֮˻ʱѾͻʽۣȫһͬԶԶһ·涼˳˳ˮû˿ͣŴˣԽԽҵӣҪʲôҶΪռҲ൱ԸΪǰûвܵ鷢
رõһ֮żָ֮оǿˣΪõڴˣǽĺôȫյĻΪܹһ¥ʵǻޱȣ
Ҳһγ˼ֵĸоȴҲǼֶѣΪܣܿҵ˹ؼҶڤΪܹܿҶڤ˭ϵãŵԼ֣ż塢˳ЦͼҲûҶڤģĸԸΪԼһУ
ˣҲûս·ϣת֣Ϊ˱ĶӣӦеһУΪӴֽһ˳Ϊҫ۵ǿǳͷһȫϴڵˣȻƷʧܵζ
Ʋ⣬֪дٶȻܿ죬ûϵ˵Ŀ죬ת֮䣬Ȼʤһվڸߴܿܿϰߵǽܲˡ
޵ǣǰһ٣ٶС鷳Ǹ˵Ĵ磬ǳϣ֪˵Ĺϵ˾ͽΪҲǰˣߵ˻ٶܵӰ졣
Щͷ꣬պǾĻ˵꣬ϻصһΣһɱ𣿡
ûϵһûɱնɱҲһжĻ
浱ȻǿϻĻಫҲ²⵽Ǿĸ֣Ϊţоĸǣסɱٷ֮٣
Ҫ֮ʱͻʵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô
ѿȷʵʡ
ʲôû˵ֱóڿռ˳濴ƽÿµĳ裬һĿȻɺִȵô֪
ġ
ܣ
Ȼйܶ²⣬Ψûв¹ϣΪҵĲʦΪڱ켣һ˶֮ããҲ壬ԣ˷Ӧ
ڵϾԲ㲻˭ģ
õ˭𣿡
˵ţþ䡢ս˳Գ˵ȥɣｻԸ⣬ϻСڡ궼泣˶ȥ
ߣͬ𣿡
˳ϵ˼ȴȥ˭⣬ֻҪ£һȻˣ濴ͳôණСȴû̫ϣһƬռǵȥ·סңռѹ£ɳٶȣ˿δͣۿҪ֣Сһ
£ޱȵĿռԤ׵ʧˣСʩʩȻǡˡȥһǧǽ桭
汻СڵΪŪþڳԺתҲûҵһСйصعСѾųʧҰ֮С
ֻȥ˵Ļǡ
һҪ׷ӶȥնĻٴαϽ÷ӿң治ռͨһʩչ̤С
Ȼпռ
һߣؽغڶնռͨ룬̶ϻžĻڿռ䣬ٴξȣȵͬʱɱ䣬˵ȻҾͳȫ㣡
ڴ˿̣һĻɱȳҪˣȻѡȶԸϣһΪѳϽͲ뵽ҪǽץΪҪЮֻӺͳǻŪʲô£Ҳ޹ؽҪ
ȷʵץסص㣬һƬлŲлԿƮϢ˱仯˵лҲƷһƬлһʮְˣ
ⷬĪҲûףʵлȡػʾģǿǧֵǣ϶лУҪʲôһ
ϲҴ⣬Ȼȹڶ֮ٺʵǡغڶն£ۿҪնвлĻȴ͵תҫڿգغڶܣƫ˵ط
滹Ǹ飬ʮģ
£ǲлأɳϿȴƫƫһָĸоϼȭĻĻ𣬳ǱҪлġغڶҲһĻ
ʱǾɢĹâһ£ϳûһƬĻھ֮ʱʥŮһǻѪ
ͬʱĸ˵ǵ㹻һʹۿۣҵԳȥ£ǶҲڱ
˵ţĸվ̤žĸȥĻҲʼǾҲߵľ»Ļеľ»Ӧ͡
ʮ
ٴ֣ϱӦֹĶȴûУֻǸ˱仯ľĻĲлУ
Խ־Խ滹طԼӿʩչٶȣӣ֪ϴʲô⣬Ҳûжطո˵ոһһϲģ
ʮ


2035 ʮ־
ĻŨˣÿһ㣬൱֮ǰһƬ
ЩûоĻĵطʵǿѹ£ȴðøߣƽûоĻĵطø᲻òϸһ
ܸߣͽһźĻĵطݵøһһͣЩߴĶȫʹӿۣˡ
ΨǡˡڽнԶǸϹȥѶȴк֮⣬ʧȥĻıЩԭѹھĻϵѹֱóǳˡ
Сڣ롰ˡ촦ԽԽһֱǿԼ侲ץסÿһϢԼ֪ԼҪʲô
ϸоֱ仯˵ҪˣҲãͼʶʶĸǺͷ˵ţھĻٶȿû
ͬʱʮְˣ
зӦ֮УԽԽǿˣƻɽʱҪ緢ȴûҵ緢һĴأ˼䣬ԶǺηСҾﵷң
䣬Ӱ֡
һĨ£ǰҫۣھµӳ£Ǳһ
Ǿĸ
Ǳ
ĸ˵ľһӷɢȥײԭʹھĻľУһײ룬ţָصĸĻҲǴ仯
ϿһĻԺȴʵ⡢򣻴ʱ˿̵ĳϣȻڿռǿɡʵڶġغڶҲսƣǣףġ顱͡ʵûһ
һɲǼûóһ׵øɸɾǸɻ󣬲ϼȥѾһĮȻ·һо֮еĿʮ־ţ
⣬͵һֺӦ֮У͵ȫΪʲôʩչƬлУȴָ˸Ƶĸо
ʮ־ţʮţľš
Ͽ϶Ĳлйˣʱʮ־ţ룡
룿
ޱȣʮľţһȴʮŹ룬ʲôҪǶصġһҲռ꣬һ⡢żȻܣֻʣ𣿡
ǱߣĸҲݣԭǸΪԭõпܺϳʮϳɣ١
ĸӿơ
С
ȫʩչȻûʹطɫҲ԰ףҪǾĻ֮ǰ棬ضˣǣ˿̵ľĻûй棬汣˾ĸһۣɲžĸΪá
ûȥ潫еע˳ϡ
ǽӽڰƬĻֱϹȥûиолϢǣȴһĸоĺȵеһУǲл֮С
ôԸ
ûмغڶΪġغڶƬлԹƵģ׼ȷһ˵ǳϵûдﵽ־ء
ʵںһ𣬶ܽлƣڡ
ϻûõİ취ĸٴ𣬡ҲʲôĿģҪǣնɱˣĸ˵ԥص˵ͷָ˾ͽ˵ֵܣҪɱ
á
ĸûڵ˾ͽֱӦ󣬶ԾʥŮԸɱ


ղңҪ
ɱû𣿡
ǣ
ʥŮȻȴǹӦδ˽ȴ˾ͽ§һµٿ˾ͽı֣ȷʵ˾ͽЩ㺣ǣھĸ֮£˸ɸɾʥŮʩչ֡˾ͽȥ
˿̣˾ͽڡξ֮ŷͬһĴֻǡξеĶȴʵ쵽ϣ˾ͽоԼڷı仯
ϼ״ӳؽֱ֡նȥͬһʱ䣬һµľĸǰһָתײϡ
һȭײȥغڶײ֮ʱлʵû뵽ð취ӦԵĳϣ˦ӳˡֻ
䣡
±һȭ˻ȥŰ߰Ѻۣĸ۾гһ죬оϵأдá
ĸһתѺʼָħ¡ײϡ
ͬʱҲĥųһײ֮ڵֻǸоһ£ҪľǷƬлϣϿȥ־ݡ
ֻлײڡֻûнֻƣǽôҲ򲻿ġֻ俪˲٣ϾȣľȸռĲлźεܣԶ⡰ֻǰȴռ·硣
治ţǿŽҲʹ䣬ûеõһ룬ҲܽлٴǰһѪطлֲôһ㣬ɾһ㣬òл
ǣǿĲлûнֻƣֻǽֻ򿪵ø࣬ѵһ֮ϿһУѿһˣ򿪡ֻˡ
ʱħºͺֲͬܺһ£ʱûк֮ǵĳϣתɨȭȵôþ
Բ
ĸɢŨɱѪĳϽü


2036 ԭ
£ÿһֶһֲͬѪ̺һɺƴޱȣšԴϢɱɱȻ
ԭ㣡
һȭ磬ֱħºͺ»ˣѪ¡
ĸ˵ɻǳʶң
ʶȻʶǱڹֻ꣬ҪɱڣҾϵó㡣
˵ţԽԽѪ£ȴûټȭĸЩ²⣬ȴò̫ܣɢɱŨȵ˵һ㡣
˵ҽѪˣʲôϴʡ
ÿ𣿡
ĸЦû£ͼһźѪ¸סɿϿĸ󾪣Ͻתʣ°£þ֮ϵѪ¸ϻ
ͬʱĸϵһϮ£ҲϢѪɫ
ȴЦ˵ڣӣѪؾ֪˭˰ɣ
㣬㻵˱ļƻ
ңһҪлɱԴҺأ

ĸȣҪѪ䵽Ŀȥ޻أΪɱԴҺɱˣɱԴҺѪ֮䣬һеĹϵ
㣬ƾ㣬ôԸЩʡ
һȣغڶƾն֣̳һЩʾ;Ѫ£ϵڿռ䣬ĸæȴ޼£ֻǽײɢһ㡣
ȻײɢһʣȴóϴһֻЩʾ˾ͽɢȥϱҪջϾʵܣ˾ͽܲסɾʱ˾ͽȴһ˾ͽڣɢȫÿһšξݳĶڽ˾ͽÿһѪ⡣
磬ⶫ𣿡
УҪж٣
ȷʶ˾ͽû˺Ī洦󣬵½ֳ˾ͽӿȥأ˾ͽʲôѵǹֶϵʲôҶֵĻ죬ɱҶնģ
˵ŵʱѪѾ˳ϵڿռתڿռѪӿһɹɴޱɱڿռ䡣
ϱš顱롰ʵܽ顱롰ʵ͸Ѫµٶȱضӿ죬ͬʱҲӲ١
ĸķŭڽ߾ȫҪջѪ£Ծ£Ƿ򣬵Ȼþϻȥ
ƣһʱ
ת˺ܴһڡֻл֮ϣлֻ֮֮֮ĳµġʵûг֮ǰơֻ
ѾļˣǴĸնɱϣȴԼһŹĻסóϵռϷ磬ҳĸжԹ
Ļ滹ôġˡҸԶˣǸҪռʮһ㣬ǸˡģҪǲܽƣǺ
治ȥǺ
Ľ٣ȴ̨ųҶڤڣѾôЩôǿġ
֪򿪷仯ġֻ
ûдﵽСֵزʱöԡ⣬ԡĸ򿪡ֻġСһ
׵һ㣬϶ԡ顱͡ʵһΪʵ⡢Ϊ飬鿪飬Ҳʵ飬֮ͬֻԡʵҪܸߣǣ˵ʵһ壬ںϣǣΪʲôܽʵȫںأ
ţͻضˣٵԡСֻйȵܵסеֽܵסʵ𣿡
ȺЦˣڿռֻܽôοĿռĿռܲһ㡣
Ȼؿռֻֻ֣ȴȻˣһݣֻȥ
ͬʱĸоѪԽԽҲžʥŮȵɱɱ
ǣ
ʥŮȫȴǹؽһأؽǿټڶȹ˵ڶ֮ٵڿռʥŮ˲СؽĶؽǿѿ쵽ʱ֮
ûȥ˵ġֻҪԼִ򿪣дãתžĸ˵ˣмʣܻܲشһأ
ĸȴӦѾ˵һҽֵĲʦǲǱնɱˣ
Ҳúһ³
Դ˳ϲÿɷ񣬼ʵڶѪؾʲôѪؾôγɵģôֵģЩô¶
һ𣿡
ĸӵ˵Ѫʢһɨˣջ֣ͬʱջ֮һڵ˵ҪǻشˣҾջ֮һЩ˶Ӧúôɣ
ĸ⶯ſھҪ˵ѵǧң֪ǸʦҵĶ֣Ҫһ㣬ֱܷ
⣬ĸԥˣȻղɳţĸһЩˣ˵ѪеĹ˺Ѫؾʬطں϶ɡ


2037 һ
ںϣǲܹõһʬǵ
ϴϾĸĻ⻰ʱ뵽Լϵԯ֮ǣȻѾԯѪǡ궼ˣǵֻҲܿסǶ֮࣬ϲǷǳ
ĸ˵ͷģڣʵҪںʬǣʬԽԽ࣬ںԽ֮ǺϣܵԽ࣬ں֮ͻԽ󡣡
һ˼Ѫؾսˮһˮ״ʱҪﵽѪʵ̫ѣȴǲ֪ںԭʵʵѪؾںʬǵЩʵô
ĸܲͷشʱʹЩҪûţͦƣ򲻵֮ʱǲҪΪãĸһ۾ʥŮش󲿷α֮ǿߣżм̤֮ǿߵˡ
ǿǿʬǣѪؾɱõ֮ǿӦԣȷʵϷţΧɱǼˣʵǵǿûгʬ֮ʱǿɣ
ǵġ
ûпܣں֮󣬱ʬ֮Ҫǿǿٱ
ܡ
ĸѿڷ񶨣˵ֽһ̺֮ŵ˼Ҳںʬǣںϵʲôʬǣ
ںϵԯʬǣ
ĸĻ׳һڹֻŶõ£˵ĸһһɱͻ˰ٱֹɱþĸȻ֮УЩĪüͷת˲䣬ϡ
ϸϸôһӲûзֳںϵļ󣬲ɣԯεǿҪںʬǣٶºۼ˿ȴûУĪռԯ֮ȫˣ
ĸԼĲ²⣬ǱߣѾ͹ֻǴŽֵֻ⣬ﻹ˵ԯôģ϶ḴȻõվǻԯԼ
ⷬȷʵ˳ϣһһΪ˷ֹ𣿰ڵʻҲ׼Ĺ֮ﻻһʱ͵ص㣬ܻᷢӲٵãڣ˵ȻǰûУҾһɡ
ôش֪Լ˼գĿ˾ͽϼžĸĸղűŨɱҲоˣȴûж룬ֻʵʲô
֪
Ѫؾأ
ǿʩչġ
ĸ˵ţ۳ϵġغڶ˵ǱٵģѪؾķȻУǲ㡣
ջ֮һ˵ʵʲôˣ
ĸ
֣Ϊʲôڵģ
ǱˣھΪʲôڣ𣬱㡣
ĸ˵˻ʱ쳣֮УһĨ𣬾֣صڿռĸЦˣЦŵ磬Ϊڣ֪ô¶𣿱Ͼ͸㣡
£Щ¶֮״š֮ĻĸϵĹâԽԽۣڿռѪ£Ҳзȥļʽ
ϼӽţȴǿʼԵ޹ʵرըһĻϲһѪħ½ǵΪȻʵ⣬ǣֶȷʵеơ
Ѳϵ
ţЩȻȣȴûԵĴƴ𣬶о٣Ȼ֪Ϊʲô
ʱĸһָʥŮƲؽľʥŮϹâӰһؽд˹ȥʥŮһʱ㶣ȴ£ײ˾ͽ
ĸͻ֣ǣƳϣóϷĿȷʵﵽˣϷͷһתȵֻۣ
ʱֻ۴üмһâֱ£ͬʸ͸£µĶһѿҲ޷ۣۿâҪоʥŮʥŮųܲסӴܣ˲侶ֱޡ
ϼ״¶ȣæסĿ⣬ĿͣھʥŮԴʮ״ʥŮѾǻʧɫţͬʱ˼屬ըĹâУĸİ£Ҳ˾ĸ壬ĸα仯ΪһѪ£ɱϡ
Ѫ¼죡
غڶ
ѹסڿռѪµﶯһȭȥ¡һը죬ѪͬʱˣϵûԵ˺ֻۣ̫أ֮Ĺ
ֻǸտʼСӣḶ۵ġ
Ѫ³ٴɱһߣ濴˳סܵľֹȻоȳϾܿƴۣȴһƣ£ȫˡֻʥŮɱȥĵ㲻ɱɱ
ʥŮΣɻ
ȻĸûʥŮǾʥŮڻ֮󣬻³һѪӼΪڵɢ
ʥŮȻǾĸΪףĸҲͿ


2038 ˫歺ϣ
治֪ΪʲôԾʥŮĸһЩ²⣬ǣ˶ͬ˼ҪþʥŮǣƳϣȻлᣬǸŹ˾ͽ
žĸ۰Ѫ£ĻͳһޱȵĽÿһ㣬Ĵ۱֮ǰҪ౶ټϾĸѪײ֮ھĸϣӳǿʵܹԵֵԶԶûƵڿռ
ټڿռѪ»ûȫʱ򣬳Ҫٷ¾ˣǣΡȻ壬һؽն棬Ҳϼ˳ʹšֻȥ
汻ΧٶֻǣĸĹȴΪĸʥŮ֮ĹϵЩáƵһ
˿̵ľʥŮһƬûޱȣΪľĸȻ˵ʵʥŮʹΪ˸ԸһеͷǣղžĸΪͷ˸飡
ѣɱɾʥŮȴƲסԼ˾ͽɱȥʱؽʥŮڳͨ裬ʥŮ˾ͽ֮ǰ˾ͽĻ棬ԭֻһƵģͲУǣʥŮĸľٶԱִ˻ůڡ
ʥŮůȻþеҲֹ˾ͽɱȥľٶ˾ͽξУѾ˹ؼʱ̡
ѪµľĸִСӣ㲻𣿡
˾ͽ벻ĸûзϣҪóȥȣҵṥһЦȣȻҪȣ˭ֵܣҾҪ
£һͷǴ춴ܣһֱϹڿռڿռСѱ÷һ㵲ھʥŮ·ϡ
ĸ״Ѫϵɱ֪ڿռ䣬ǱȽϸ߼ڿռ䣬û뵽ϵڿռôֶΡ
ھĸ΢þʥŮʹĴУͬʱԾȻ֮ײʱֶһӰȴǳ˳
᰸һڵͬ𾪵ģоʥŮΪ˵òȫһģһҲΪԭ򣬳֮ǰûնɱʥŮ
ò˲ôȣΪʵˣҪıòʵ̫ˣǣʥŮӿŵѪĸоָоƭˡ
ĸҲһ㶣ô֮ʣתǬת͡ǬȵȾԡо̤ķʽǰһȭغڶǿײȥѪ»Զͬʱܵо̤Ѫơ
ѪһȴǴЦЦСӣΪһݴû뵽㽫ˣ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
һԣԼһ£Ҫͻڿռ䣬ȴָͬʱ᰺;ʥŮӻȫͬȴֻĹâ
Сӣˣղȥˣ㲻ģҪȻȥѪؾļƻУҲ棬µľƿȴõʱȤ
ѪкţʥŮʼ仯ʥŮͷøᰵĺڷȴ죬ɺף˵Ϣڱ仯ֻһ˲֮䣬ɢϢǿȣ涼оЩָͣо뵽ܹ֮նɱϣԵԼʮϣ˱ǿһ㡣
ֹһϢھʥŮ·ϵޣһȫǱˣ۾һУƱ仯̫죬Ҳûϵ״˵ı֪ԼͱסԼıġ
üͷһ壬ʥŮһ𣬳ϲᣬһ˾ͽϣתͷԾĸ˵ܿǣ
ǵȻ
ͺýˡ
ϵһ£ĸɱȥĸΪȻ㻹֪֮󣬾ᷢڣҾʶʶ
˫歺ϣ
žĸĻʥŮ忪ʼű˴˻࿿һ˲䣬˾Ȼ϶ΪһȻΪһ壬ֻǣǵͷһǺɫһǰɫ
˫ϣϢʢ޵Ѿڲ˫歾һնʵȥޣֱӱ˳ȥϹͷѳꡱ֮˫֮ɫȴǿƲס˾ͽɱȥϼ״ɽҪԸĸĹ˫歡
ĸʩչطûٶ֮죬߳ϵֻ۶δüϱײɣɫ԰ףڿռغڶΪѪ¸ڿռ䡣
ϴϢ֮ĸٴɱĿң֪Լʵʱ֧סһʱ䣬ǣϵþˣһδ֪ңǱߵʱ֪СҲûסǡ
һҪȽĸ򡭡
Ѫ¹ڿռѪ£Ժٴαų顱롰ʵͬʱ̤ȭӿʣй
Ǳߣ˫¶


2039 ң
˫歱ϹסĿָмŭĿ⣬ŭռмֻôһ˲ͱŭû
ֻ˫һץǱѾӿȥľ磬Ǳ˫歸ץ˻ȥǳڵߡ
һץҲ֪ץʲôȴóᵽΣյϢҪĿֻ൲ʱ˾ͽ͵ۡ
˾ͽۣϵʣڼ緢仯˫ϢƱȣ˾ͽĵ͵ޱȣһ˸оļµϢʧˣƽƽ仯ȥ
˾ͽһۺ϶Ϊһ˫正۾ﻹǰƽȴſڶԳ˵磬˵Ҫ㲢սġ
ã
ϲ֪˾ͽʲôǣϿ˾ͽڵ״̬֪˾ͽѱüǿȻ˸оƽǣһʽ豹桱
ڡ豹桱ĺôףҲ֪⻹˾ͽԼġ桱á֮ٴμһʣΧ˾ͽͬʱǬĹԼԡǬĸһ˾ͽԺ
ֵܲԼͬɱ
ɱ
ɱĸ˫ˣĿǰĸԴĸܽ˫֮״˾ͽɱ˫正ƽޱȣʵ˾ͽȴѪڣ˵һĳ粻֪ߵغ񣬳ʱɱķѪ飻˱׷ɱʱ紫ʱĻ桭
ʱ˵ҲҪһˣڶʳԣʮɽʳԣһΣҾʳԣ
˾ͽţ˫̤ȥͬʱǬ˾ͽʹˣټ֮ءξ䷢̥ǵı仯ңξеĶ˾ͽ壻֮£˾ͽǬͬˮ㡣
˫ϢΣգ˾ͽδ˫һն£˾ͽȴȡ«˿ھƣ˵ƺܺúȣҪҪһڣ
ô˻˫һͣǣһִֻ֮֮£˾ͽЦҪ˵һƾҸղž֣Ȼ᲻㣬ס«
ֻؽס«ɾڽס«һ˲䣬˫歵ſյĲǺ«Ƭأǳһ
˫αˣ˾ͽ˵̫Сˣأһ䣬ȫ˾ͽڣ˾ͽһ䣬ɽ
ʱն«
Աؽֻƴ棬˲üǿ˾ͽ˫正һδйļֻб˼ûʱˣǱɢġˡЩˡ
ʵġеȴպñֻˣĵʧȥܣУɱȥƸΣ
˾ͽı仯ҲþĸԾԺ︡ƽӡ۶ײ˳ϣѪ¶סӣҪϵڿռһ
˿̣ϼûк֮ǣЦһ˫ִšغڶץסѪ£ȵͽʵʵѪ£ʵ֮
ʵ㾹ȻҲ֣ľ֮»ʵƾ㣬Ҳʵֱܣ֪˶µĹö̶̵ʱ򣬳룡ѪȾ£ɱģ
ĸ֮꣬ʹ˴ɱУڿռѪ£ײɱĴնǲڹɱԴҺʣͱѪ¸նѷ죬ڿռҲǧٿء
˿̣ѪȴڳϵĳܷΧ֮ڣĸļϵ˵㻨̫ʱ䣬Ϊ̫ˡ
˵
ĸֻܻǣܻ棬ȴǾĸתѪ£˫еغڶɡ飬ϵһЦ㲻ǶҵܸȤҸǡ
켴ޱȵһͬġغڶӿѪ֮УһעˣɲԸƽһǱԴ̽Ѫ֮еġ顱͡ʵ
Ѫ£飬ȴ棬ڿռѪ£Ҳ桭
˼˷ɢȥĻûֹͣϹƴɱȻǾ춯ذĴ棬ȴҲ൱Σա
Ǳߣ˾ͽ˫ɱ˸ѽѷ֣ƴɱ֮У˾ͽƽֻƽѾ˱仯˾ͽԼġ桱豹ȥ
ôһģ㣬ֻ
˾ͽЦ˵ǧ򻯣·Լǿ鷨һģָۻҵ似д˾ͽҫ
˫歱˾ͽĻŪһ㶣ȻڲعǣЩϣ˫֮ԻҲĸйء
أң
˾ͽ˵˫һѪ֮ʱ˫歵ץס˵֣治ɱȾѪҪϴ¡Ǹöã
ϴ£
˫歾ʳ˾ͽһЦԭϴ¡ᣬǿϧ˾ͽ˵߹ţ˵ƴɱþ粻ϸ³ȴҲӰ쵽˳ǡ


2040 ǿ
һ·ϣСҲûʲôǷСצգգ۾ΣգЩ۵С棬Ρ
ȻСڲǽеΣȫһ£䡢Ǹ͵òԣֻҪڳΣʱСڲŻϸ
Сʲô֪
սûȥܣֻһ·սĻսѹսսôеս񣬽սﵽ£ʱ޿̲սǺգۣҲս
ȻĵػʣȴǽüͷС̫ǿˣǿڵһ˿ͷǿСڣȻΪ˻عǿػʵӿܳСڡͷʱžȥ£
ȻϢػʳ˳ڵ亹ŴŵģӻڷղŵɺϣżȻʵȻףżȻ֮жбȻǰͷüͷȴԽԽ壬еǣԽԽ
ھĸ֮У䡢һ·ˡˡ迴ǰĻ棬ŭһӱŷ¡
ǰ棬ҶڤѾǱֻǣǴμŵҶڤȣȫˣǻҶڤ˵緢ȴҲȣɴ˿̵ҶڤһͷƮݵͷѾǺӰ۾ϣûаɣϢ΢ޱȣһɫƷѰĻΪҶڤһˡ
־£Ҷڤȴûɲǣ۾ﱬľ⣬ڳ迴ֱȲ֮˲֮Ҷڤ۾ӿģĵǡ
Ϊ˵أҶڤһˣԣһģĶҲŶôѹûҪҶڤ
ǣ迴ǶҶڤһ㾫񣬻׵ʣһĻķŭٴͻһޡ
û˿ԥɱ˳ȥӰڿ֮УķŭȫΪ˱ˣһֱǸΪԼȴĸıײԼıΪǸ壬Լȴְ³ɳıԼȴԥԼı
һı֮
ǰһϢı
еһһУۻһ㣬ڳԺ˱ʱ򣬳趼оԼĴڣ˿ԺֳģֻС
һ齣볦ϻ꣡
ء綼ⱯȾɢűƣͬ
һѾǳĿǰ۷֮նģĴʱģĴںλػعͷ˳һۣһҡʱŨŨıͱ飬ʧȥˡĳ裬ɱȻǰ壬ϧ
ΪΪǸˣĵ
ѣ仯ûֻ꣬ԭһϵĴأһµľģȻҲģһҡ֮䣬۵λСڼ״۾â
ۡ
軹ûнӽģڣѪأǰǰһѪ
䡢սȵȫȥǶʩչɱУ³ξѪսѾսѾΪһ壬ȫʵ廯ֻС
Ĺһ֮ǿߣҲ֧Ųٻغϣɵģһҡ֮󣬾䡢սǵĹܣȫһ˸ϡãͬʱ˷ȥѪ¸ͣ
ֻһҡ˽ˡ
СҲûгֻ֣ڿģڻ䣬ģҲڿСڣãȻ֮Уо֮״ҲŴˣģûȥ˵ĳǣûҶڤһ㶫
ᣬ赽Ҷڤǰþее
Ҷڤˣ۽һžӨ飬ϣҶڤӦһ߸˵Ӧһȥӵ˵ͺܶܶĻѾˣľٶѾǳʹࡣ
УҶڤ۾˾֮ɫ
СڻģţһߣޱȵؿֻûˡˣǸо˴Ļ𶯣ԤʾҵǶ
Ļ֮һ¸ϹȥЩˣûмģЩ˸ǶĶ֣ҲǣֻſסǶؾ
ڷ֮ʱԺͻֻĻ棬ʱڵֱؽնϣŻعع棬Ѿһˡ
˫Ѫ죬צͷҲڷ仯еıеıС仯Զȥȴһ仨
ڱš
𵴣ҵģҵģ˭Ҳ׼˭ҾҪ˭
ɢŨŨϢ롰еЩȴвͬϸо۾һУⷬ仯ȷʵʵǣĴ۽ܴܴ
ͻض˫֮еѪ˵ǹϢҲͬһ㣬ûȤеĻҰŪ
ð
ĸȷʵĶ⣬Ҳ˷ɢϣ׾ĸĿģЦ͵컻գ


2041 лʵ
һʽ͵컻աֱѪµһЩԽԽһлɢϢڴ֮䣬ϸûа©Ȼԡغڶӿ̽ʵ
ĸСգҲ⣬ֻЩԾڳϵֶΣû뵽ŪϢĸҲϿȥĥѾ뵽ѪµϢ
Ҳĥĥ⺬СϢΪ˴򿪡ֻĸȴ˼µһЩĿģ˳ˮۣ֮ٳժӡ
ȴϣ̫ͣԣֻ
ʮ潫ʮȫռȫ֮һΪʲô
ţͻ뵽һҪ⣬ʮʮָʮʵΪʮָʮԺ﷭˼϶ԡֻͲˣֱֻܹ𰸡
ԽԽǿܵס𣿱ϾֻֻǱһֽȸУҪĸ
ң棬δнôǱδܹĳ裬Ϊϴ裬Ϊð֮ԭǲл
浭ƵɢȥǱƴɱ˾ͽ˫歶Ӱ죬ĸ͹ϣֻǴ֮ơ
ţĸѪ£Ҳл֮ǰΪʵ֮Ϊ飬ѪΪʵѪ£Ҳ˵Ѫӣʵ
أ뵽򡢷򣬻ͬĹ򷨱ڽУСͲһͱȷǿͱȹǿʱΪʵΪ飬ڲܷ
ԣΪʵΪ飬֮УǽȵҲ֮Уٽߣڣʵ
뵽һƬãҶʵ֮·ϽĹ򡢷֮࣬һԶڡ
ڿռγɣȻûȫʵڣǣҲ˼ƶãʱϽڽ꣬Ҳûʲôѡ
꣬ԽԽظоѪ̺֮ġ顱롰ʵһɸѡϽЩ⣬Ҳڽȥ
ܿ죬ϣڡ
ڣĸ͸о쳣ѿھȵʵ֮ܣ˶̵ʱ䣬ôأ
ĸ֪֮ǰŶۻĻۡ
Ҫʵ֮ƫɣ
ĸϾһˣȻò˼飬ȴҲʵ͸ʱ䣬¼ɱУȵѪ£
Ѫ£ǾĸѪ£ǽڿռѪ£ĸҪѪϳϾΪһ˿Ѿ˲ôˡ
ҵ棬
ųʵ֮仯ġغڶҧסѪ£Ѫ뱬ըȴǱˣϽʵһ룬ʵѪ½֣ʵڡ
ĸ󾪣ٺȣغϣ
ʱǱ˾ͽŪЩԺԽԽ˫正Ȼ䣬ܲɱȥ۾һݣȻԻܵķʽ˫歳ȥҪӽ˫歿
ѾʧˣռУֻʣһ仨仨еģѪɫÿһ˿лΪ֮޷̾ߣֻһ۾ͻȥ
޾ͳ˽ȥֻѾչ˲٣ռһȴ롰ֻԶѭȥؽּ׷ѭֲͣʩչ涨ģȴѾûǰЧ֮סֲϡ
ңٶȻܿ죬·ƬռΪһлȥȥؽٶȻննУȴҲһ
ϱҪҲڹؼʱ̣鲻ټϣСǱߣóԷģǣϲûȫģϾ̫ˣرǡҪǵһ㣬ֻʵǲ
ˣأҪٶȽĸϹȥ϶Եʵ飬ˣ֮ˣڿռڷŷ츲صı仯
ĸȴǱϿ۵ϻ˵ֻۣĸĿһɨѪ±ˣĸһХĻŨһ߼Ĳ
Ļʧ翪ʼ٣ǣǱģ˵Ĵغ;ģȴ˿Ӱ죬ģСڶţȴͻһˡ죬о١
⡰ˡڿռԾĲлҲǷۡʱоһ񻨿ڶ䡭
໥ӦſСڻûж迿Ҷڤˣ뱧һĵȴңһҶڤȥ
ߣϱҪĻٳûɣǳѨϣ𶯣Ͻüһ߼ľĻ¡
ͬʱĸϷط±ըܽϵغڶɢ٣һͣĸûѭȥѪָֻֻϵɫڲͣر任š
̤׷
ɾĸȴͻס󣬻תųһЦ˵ϣּˡ


2042 ֣
ۿϾҪ顱͡ʵȫڣһ¾ĸھ£ĻʥŮϲΪ˫歵ĸԴ
ĸʲôƣҲаս£
ɾʱĸȴͣסܵĽŲתԼ֣˵ּˡĻңЦӯӯ֮ǰȫˡ
Լֲʲôܣþ磬ĸ֪Լʲôȴһں˳һ򲽽ĸ֪Լ֣ղź˵ĸоĸں֮ǰʶԼһ
㲻Ǿĸ
ѹе𾪣򶨵˵ͬʱӿʵڡ
Ǿĸĸȴҡ
ĸ˵һֱԺĻųϣЦĺ𾪣ˣǵһ˳ԾˣǻֻһϣھȻˣⲻŽʮѣʮʱ߹˺ܶһﲻľ磡
ԺתŽʮǰԼ֮ЩˣЩ£һʱ뵽ģʮ֮ԼĽȻ񶨣ܵҲվԼǰ˵ɾĸˡ
룬ؾˡ
뵽⣬ϻһ˼ڿռ䴩һӾʹǸ֡ϣ뵽ɴ˴Ѫħ½йϵĿ͵ر۹âžĸ˵֣

ĸЦ˵תֵֻ¶һֻ֣֣ҵһ֡
⻰˴룬֪֮ǰĸȻĳһŨɱԭ֪Ǿ䡰Ǿĸĸȴҡ˼ؾ֣ĸҲ֣Ѿ˵ֲΨһģж٣ϲ֪ȴ֪٣֪Σ
ϵ˵Ҫȥĸ̤ڽ£ȴˣѹΣҲЦˣЦúܿġ
Цʱ䣬ץںʵɵ֮СУá
ĸһеģЦȴûֺӲãĸ౳룬ĸЦſ϶ǰЦݣ
仰ҲҪ˵ġ
Ц˵ĸЦ㹻ţȴû㹻ʵ֧ţѡ
һҵʵǿ𣿡
ĸһûа仯˵պԯ֮ǣԯĻۣ֮Ϊ㻹ܻ𣿡
ƾʲô϶ھûк͵ܹסĶأ
˻þĸЦһͣϼ˵ɱһ֣Ȼɱڶ֣Ȼڲ㣬ҲȳһڶˣǵҵնҪ㣬̤ҵĽ£
ϱֵúſ񣬾ĸ̾һʵ֪Ϊһʱ䣬㽫ʵ𣿡
õ֪𣿡
ȻõţӵеģʵȵһУģչҵġĸţ˵Ҫͷ㣬ãһһ˿ʶ㿴ˡˡֵһǰ
Ц⻰ݺݵش̼ŭӿתΪĸ״۾ֳóĿ⣬·ҪϷŭҪﵽĿġ
Ǳߣ˾ͽҲ쵽˲Ծǳĸ֮ĶԻƴֵ˫正ڴǰ˫ȻҲסż£ܱڣ˫Ҳȫˣ侲ÿ£ûһ˾ͽ˵ĻѲǵıܷ
˾ͽǸĸĪϵ˾ͽ˼ǧת֮ƴɱƳ˫歵״̬⻹šǬ
ʵǱƲѡ
˾ͽȻûרŴһļáֶΣСξ֮˾ͽͷ˺ܴ仯رоʵеԼܺ͡ξеԼغϵĻʩչ
Ҫξȫںϣ
˾ͽ¶ģ˫͹Ѿɱһ֣ͷ·ѹ˾ͽ«Ȼȭȥ
ĸɨһۣ˵Ǹ˾ͽֵܰɣ
âһ
ĸЦòң˵ȻҪеĺ«ϴԸң֪«ǳһ㣬ҪȻôҲᶯأ
˵ĸõ˳ϵθڣȴûнҿʣ˵ˣ˵˵˫歰ɣ֪Ϊʲôܼ˫歺ϣһΪ죬һΪأ˵ؼ֮
Ϊ죿Ϊأ
ɻأҲӦ֮һһ˵ΪΪ︺ȴһ֣֮ĽΪŮߣΪأأ
üʣǱ˲ٶȷʵأһһ˫ϣȴϣֵ֮ܣõ
ɱϲ²⵽ĸô˵ĿģѹƲסԼɱûǷʵ֪˾ͽ˭ĵӣ


2043 Ϲ
֪˾ͽ˭ĵӣ
ǲžĸ˼ߣĸĽ࣬ĶӳϳʱͿʼˡ
õ֪𣿡
Գϵʻȡľĸó֮ǰĻЦ
Ȼõš
Ц˵ʵǬڻᴦʲôλϣ
ĸĿһ䣬ת˲ţע⵽Ѿ˼ƽϣҪǸղĿ˸ǹװĻǬ࿹Ĵڡ
켴ĸЦǬΣģǬֹ𣿡
ԭǿ󡣡
һ䣬һתαػҪֲãǶؾռ˼ҵĹͷŪһ磬һԣһڴأôʲôֱȥˣ
ܴϧ˵ûá
ĸȻǿ˳ϵĿģûиϵ˼ûϵļζ˵һ䣬ʲôܲ²ģ
һֵѪħ½һˣ֪𣿡

ĸش𣬳֪ԼǰĲ²ΪˣѪħ½Ȼֱֵʣ뵽Ѫħ½뵽䵽ǰزֲַɡ
ڿռһʹĴ緢ʲô£ʲôˣ
Ѫħ½ǣ浽ģǷ䣬֪᲻ֵķۣΪһöӣܵĻ
ŵʱ򣬾ĸ˵ҵļƻûϵֻҪ㣬ҵļƻǰɹԣ㽫ʵ֮ڣҪȻ
ĸһ˾ͽŵҪȻ˾ͽҪˣʱس֣и˼Ķ֣Ƕ޹ˡ
ϹĴƨǶңƵһշˡ
˾ͽȻǴֿڣȴ־ȫй⣬һ仰ͬʱ˾ͽĽ˫ǸͦεʥŮ塣
һУе˾ͽȴںںǾߵ鷳ȥһ֮ΣҲװףҪȻԸ񣬲
ԣ£ʲôֶΣֻҪʵãֻҪܻС
Цʵ𣿡

Ϲƺʺ㣬һȷʵϣȷʵ蹷һҧˣ
ϢϢʱ䣬Ҫڲʵ֮ҾͰһѣ˾ͽʧǰ㽫޻Ϊĸ죬ڡϹһʣ⣬ɴӾĸǶöûС
ȻЦβأ˭ȫ˭˭˭һأ
һεʷˡ
ֻۣ
Ԥ׵أ۽йǿҲһֶѣ
ؾĿɴһ޸֮֮һһΣ֮۸Ҵ鷳ڡĸҡҡͷĻ򣬻˺֮ܶ࣬ϣɳ
˵ţĸһ֣ʱΪһ£һȻ֮ȫȥˣ˫һݣδţһûȫɳĻ֣֮ǲ֡
ڿ˵ֻ۵ͬʱٶȣĸȥȻ֮ⱻɣֱһȭĸδ˵սʵڣʵ֮Ǹ뷨
ĸеתԳɫס˳ϵغڶϸϸһغڶ̺֮󣬾ĸɫһ䣬תۼ䣬ֿЦ
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣û뵽һֱ׷ѰĶȻϣ
ĸЦȷʵֶһŶãȴͻȻõĿЦݣЦĸ˵ϣ֪ʲô£ֻʲô𣿡
⣬óĴ󶯣ȷʵ֪ڿռռ֮ʲôģأϾҪѿʳǣߣסˣһʣ첣ϲͣѹȥֱĸɫ¸ѹһˡ
Ȼĸȴںûзֻ˵ϣһᣬĸԸԼʶ׳ӣҿԲɱ㸸ĸˡֵܣܵܵź
İմȥɣ
ȻţȴѾ֪ڿռǾĸӵУҪȻĸ˵Ļ
ƲԣǾͳԷưɣ㲻ԸҾԼȡ˵ӵʲôչ鶼ҵġ
žĸĻеѾ־ɫŵâһ㽫ϼغڶ飬ҲȥᣬĸƲˣɫٴȥ
Ӳֹס˲ӣǰһڡ֣顱롰ʵꡱ롰ȵеһУˮ齻һ
һĸоȫϸղһսĵ˲ָұ֮ǰ͸㣻Ȼڿռ仯


2044 ǳռ
ڿռ䣬˲ǧɣոϣѾһƬС½ˡ
ɽ·壬ҲȺɽɽչװ磬ҲпҶأСݳƬҲңɽȪϪٲɽǳ˹󽭣ȵ콭ҪҪ
̶ˮ֪м
ïʢдУ仹δ죬ȴǾľ
ոҫۣ¸࣬˸ǳǲƬգǳ֮״ǰǳͼ֡
ǿϢŨƷǿֱ仯һڱšʵڣڿռ̨ף
м䣬Ҫı仯ҶϺССһֳ棬ǺеĸЩڳĲ֮£΢£ͨ˼˶᲻мһˡ
ǣⷢڳϵڿռһ£С棬ǸųϵڿռȻ͵ȵ
ֻЩ仯δó¶ЦգΪĸѹ̫󣻾ĸ֪ʲô٣֪һЩӦԵİ취
ңûǿ󵽼£
ĸܺԼġغڶϱףĸȻĻܣǣϲ֪˶Զվλ൱ߣߵԳϵ̧ͷҲĵطԣֽʹӳ֮ǰǸĸǿǧ򱶵
ˣΣ塣
ʵĸһ֮̽Уá顱ʵڣûкＱһȵľһ̡
ϷȥٴһȭȼһµġغڶƽغڶʵȫڣÿһУҲ̺һأϵڿռ䣬ࡣ
غڶ˼£ȫûɢʲôǿϢ
ĸϣȴɫȷʵϡʵڣȡ֮󣬱ܽԼܶ£ǣʵںеϡ
ȻҪڴˣĸһ㶼ģֻϧڵĽһ֣ĸܸʲôۣ춼Ҫ¡
ʱĸҲ£²Ѫɫͬתžɫھɫײȥ֮ʱͷ߼ľĻҲֳֹâ˲仯ɽֱԺ
䣡
ɫ±һȭɣѳƣͬʱĻɵĽҲǹ⻪һնԺĻնһϵĵննҲһƵ˳ϵ
Ļڳϣ˳ڣھĻҲǽǱռ䣬ռ乥ƷԷǳķʽϵѪ⡢ͷȵȷָÿָһ㣬Ͼ͸оһѪⲻһ
㣬ϵĽŲҲûͣ£ٶȾȫתţ׷ĸĸֱΣ˺ۣҲѪϣЦݣϣҪˣǿڿռǰʲôأȾĿռȫ͸Ѫ⡢꣬ڿռ䣬Ͳˡ
ռ乥ʲô
һȭ£ĸǲӲһ˿ȥĸΪǳ˳ϵϣЦ㲻Ǻǿʲôأ
ֻ붺ѡ
ĸǰȻʱ䣬ҲǺģȥķС֮ǰȥķ򣬳ϵٶѾˣɱĸһЩ
ΪĸڿռдȥȻҲСռѭΡŹҪͼͺĸһܴǧ仯ĪĿռ䣬ֻܴŰٸĵǳ
Ͻֻսڿռ䣬ãһڡֻϣһڶԸĻĹϣȻоĸϡ
ٶȲҵĹȥܷΧٴĻӦܻ
ѭ˼·ȥĥԼĹǿǧͷĿˡغڶġء棬ģأֻڿռСССء
ݻڿռأΪβݻ½أͼڴ½ʮ½½أҪǽЩȫһ𡭡
뵽ϱ׷ȥ½ݻǣܿϾͣȴǾĻвھĻ뷨ҪȻĻҲô׵Ľڡ
žĻĿռɢڵǳѨϣǲѣϲֲ֪ζʲôϿĻռ乥ǳѨϵĵطܽһǳѨϸѣᱻǳѨϳסһ㡣
һĻɻȴ˳Ŵ˼ȥ˲ܶ࣬ԺﻹֳǸֵǳͼţͻػһÿһǳĲͬһµĿռѵ˵ռǳйϵ
ͷЩΪĿǰ֪ǳֻϣǿռ䣬ȴǴ쵽أÿһ綼ǧǧռ䣬ʤôǳϹϵأ
ʱ̣Ҳ˼ˣͷҲԽϺõؽǱֻǳǳѨϣôԿռ䷢
ˣһ⣬ҽǳѨΪڵ㣬ЩĿռ󷨽ڵ㡢ۡģûһ


2045 ԿռѨϣѪι
ûȥϸ벻ԣָðĲͷһ𣬳룬ÿһǳѨ϶תǳžĻ
ΪĿռ䲻ǳôˣʹ˺ܴľ֪ǳѨһתֱӾͽĿռ̸˲١
ңǳѨﻹСڶЩڶʹǳѨϳһģϵؽΧľĿռ
ǳѨϽĿռڴ֮ǰĿռ뿪Ѫǻȵȣϵصˮó¸оѪĴڡ
ǳѨϵЩܣѾóϹȵˣȴϣ𾪵Ļں棬ĿռŨҲ߼ǣʼ̿ʱ򣬲֪мкĿռ䣬
ԣżϢ֮Ĺ򣬳Ͼ͸оǳѨϴﵽ˱״̬ȻܳһЩȻǴľĿռѾ᧿Σˡ
ô죿
ţʱӿǳѨϸø󣬿ǣҲǱˮнⲻȼü֮Ϯеĳüëһ˵ֻٿٳǳѨˡ
бҪǿķǳѨϣڣ߶̫߱ͷһת֮󣬶˾Ŀռϡ
ĿռָܷҵѪ⣬ǳѨϣӦò̫ѣĿռ䲻ܣؼ䣬δǿռ䣿
ţѾʹǳѨϣתһɺʹþĿռڳָλϷ룬ͬʱڿռѭεʱ˫ץߵĿռڽڡ
ǰ񱼵ľĸɫأ۾еŨŨݹһ˿ʣϻܼ֣ٶȣô֮ǰ˲أ
ĸ֪ȴŽֹסľĿռ䣬ѾǳѨˣӣȻҲ볣һˡ
ǱߵľƣҲĵˣΪл棬һϢҶڤ˵𣿡
Ҷڤ˵˻̧̧ƤҶڤ΢ϢУȴһǿҵԸԸȻҪӳȥúõĻȥֻǣ֮ǰֻѾһˡ
һ󣬳еĽѾ⿪ˣ޳޼϶֮£ҲѾףҶڤҪĸӣǲѣҪȻô
ҶڤӣʹòУ޲ע⵽촽ϸɺޱȣʵ˵ǲǺܿʣ
ҶڤһĶʾб齣ŨŨġϻʱѪעѪˮιҶڤҶڤʡ
Ҷڤסˣ˫۾ȴʪޱȣ۽ǵø󣬲ת˲Ҷڤ΢Ϣ;ҲȻҪֹ
˿̣۽ǵˮѾɺԣȡ֮Ǽ㣬ޱȵؼᶨ˵չô꣬ˣڣչˣѪҲʲôңҲǰԸ
Ҷڤ˫һû˵ʲôǾҲϢҲƽȥǣο֮УžȻĿ⡣
費֪ʲô˵ܻģΣҶģҲܣܣ
ԳϵΣִţΪʲô¶Ѳųϡ
Ѫʣ˲ѪҶڤôһϲȫѪεø࣬ûע⵽ȾѪġڷű仯
浽ģһνĿ⿴˲лȻֱĳвˡ𣬲лǻƵ߻ΪӦ
ͬʱ滹˵һ㣬㲻𣿡
ˣ
ںУУ裬гľ䡢սǶڿˣڿһѪߣȻѪ߲ûʧ𣬾ôڿУģں֮ȴҶڤȥСҪֹҪ֣ȴҶڤĿ⡣
Ŀ⣬һСڲҪ֣ģСɻ󣬲ȥڣû˭˺ӣңҲ
Ҷڤһ˿ЦݣСڽյ˶϶ͷȻÿֶǣСѾҶڤ˼֪ҶڤҪô
֪ˣСȴĬˣԶĳ裬Ҹΰ𣿲֪ʲôʱܼҵĵ˲䣬СָֻɣҺûеҡ
һָȻǳˡ
ûСڵֹģҶڤһѪҺ̲ŵǶԱߵ棬ǻ˲лҲǼ
ͬʱлѾڿʼ׼
һ̣ʱ̣ƴϻĳ裬˺ѷΡЪ˹غţţظϣԶһ㣬Ȼһնɱ
ɱң
лһһƬл֮Ӱ̺Ųʮ˲ǷȥһУڡֻǰһӲˣڴ˿̣ȴǴչܣ衢סˡ
ƣƣư
ţ齣ն£֮ԽԽŨңǵ˿ڲûбպϣѪԴԴϵ齣ϣڽ˱档


2046 ţϣ
ķ滯Ĳлɢ˱ĵϢΪƵÿ£潫еעȫģ棬лø졣
ǲ˺ҵҪɱɱңֶ㲻̾ҲУҵġѪڱ齣ͷ˱仯ȥһ֮ĸоɢı֮Ϣ鶯
֪ҪôõŵôôõŶʹֶΣͻɣ
ʲôǹ̵ֶľʲô
һҲⳡʳɲǹֶǰͷҲ죬ֻṳ̂һͱ
濴ƺĺΪ˵ȴĿģ˵лȴͻؾ˻Ƕ״˲䣬ͷֱǹֶ

迴ɹȥͫ׷ŵҪƿռ䣬ڻͷڹֶ棬Ҷڤ˫۱ϣҪصɲǣееԸеǱһһУˣ˱Ѫı
䣡
ûжһ˿˿ȥо֮鷢ı仯ֻȫһնȥл֮Ӱն÷飬Ȼû˿ɵأҶڤ˹ȥ

ǶзһʣȻҲûϵܹͻġʮ⡰ʮֻǲл֮ӰǣлӰӡ
С۾¶ο֮ɫ䡢սҲǾǵĶȴûͣƴǰնȥʱǶҶڤĶӣȻʱͻƣǣͻƵóˣҲûֹҵõһ˿ʮ
ʩչط֮ǰǿޱȵĹֶǷˡֶԽԽģǶԽԽɢл֣ɢһɹϢϢֱܣҪΪ֮
Ϣһɢǿ񱼵ٶȣʱնѾΪ䡱֮ϢĽƵǰУܵ谭
Ӵ֮һо֣
쳣ţΪĻ϶ԲɣֻļµӣҲֹӵǿԵĳҲֹ
ɾոµ˲䣬ѾأѾϢȫҶڤȻ͵ҶڤıֱһʱЩɵ֮⡣
˲䣬˵ţҲͬûˡ
𣿡
ɬ˻Ƶ֣ӿ𲻰ʱطһҲˣͬʱ˵Ȼǣ˻ҪӣͬҪ
䣡
ҶڤûжĻֱӽԼԱˣ֮УһѪֱֶѪֶ͵һȴǽѾڹֶ֮еĻǶ䣬˳
һ˲䣬СצӣۿŵԱľȻ֮еĳ裬һӷɵ˹ֶϣվղλá
ʱֶʼɢȥֻɢܣɢڣǣ޸оԺﷴͣŵԱʱǷ档
ǡʱСڲΪ㣬ת㣬Ϊ沢ûнʮռʣµһܣѾϣһܣʮŵܣ
ⷬȷʵҶڤСתģҶڤ֮óΪ𣬾ǲóȥһȥɣǣҶڤ͹˳ĸ顣
ֻˣ˵ˣһϣʲô壿ŵȥǻһžۡ
֮ⷬϢ棬ֶһ֮ζ
Сһת˵룬ͰˣңҪˣûܾȻˡ
ʲô˵ҵܾȻ
ĳ裬һӾٱСڣۿԱģһ˿޴棬ܾȣô룬϶ϣܹȻ
ӭųǳĿ⣬С˵ԾȻףҲܾȻ
ģ
͵رһɱ˵ƣƣȻǰɢġƿһ㣬Сڿ϶˵ȻģǣǰҪ棡
һģֻҪܻмʮܣǧҶһն֮
죬ʼϸӿĶⶫģϣ趯ޣľͬ䡱С
ܴɵ棬ȫˣĻȴˣԺ󡭡ȥ裬ҾͰһˡ
ƾ𣿻񣡡
һն£ȻǱˣǣ˵òԶܵҲû֮ǰôأ෴滹նһ£ˡ䡱֮йֶڽڵԭ򣬳֮ǰֶþ໻򡭡
볣ƴɱûٲȥǣĿ⣬ȴСޱȵضСڣʵҵĸ磬ܻ𣿡
ţϣ
Сڿ϶һþ۾侫⣬нҫӿţ佫ӿ۳ɽ
߾䡢趼ϣǱߵĳϣȴ⡣


2047 ã磿
鷳˵󲻴󣬿ҪǶʱڲܴͻһѣԭռǳȫˣһ뵽ǳ󵱳ǳľŴطҲǾſǳλá
ǣȻܽȫ
ת˲䣬ϽԼڿռڿռһ仯ϵǳǶ˲٣ǲϢʱ䣬ϱڿռǳֲڵǳѨϡ
ǳѨתĿռĿȴΪϱؽĿռץ뼺ץģɲ½һץһһѷ죬ǽεһץˣϾû½Ļץ͸
ǰŵĶ˳ϵĻɣЩռ䣬˵ץһһ㣬Ϊץ֮ȴûпյһûٵĸоأ
ܿ죬ϸԼľ飬˴𰸣ЩռˮһҨһưһưĿȱҨˮԴͷռԴͷʲô
⣬˳ϵľռ䲻Ե޹ʴڣ϶ʲôɵģѵҪΪ죿ǾֿһԴͷʲôʲôɣ
ûȥ˿̵ʱ䲻ʺĥ⣬ңж˳ϵע⣬Ϸ֣ÿռ俪ٵǳѨԽԽ࣬ǳѨΪڵ㣬ڵĿռԽԽ࣬ٶȸˣʩչռѭΣҲûôĵҲ˺ܶ࣬ǣٶȴϺü
ô¶
ȡռΪϸĲ̽ȥһԼͿռڵĸоͺ񵱳ؼԪԪһ֡
ʱֹϢϵָоԽԽǿңٴοһǳѨϺ󣬳Ͽ϶ԼȷʵԿǿռһ֣ΪĿռ䣬Ҳ
ϢֻһǡغڶеأѾֳ˴½ֻҪǳȥģ϶ݻݻͼڴ½
ϻţ׼һ
ҲΪԵʣٶȴΪӵĳϣû׷ȥ
ǰŵľĸ˫ץռ䣬еĲӾˣ֮ǰı⣬ʱ䵽ϱĿռȫʱΪգڵĵطȥõʲôǸֶʲôֶޱȣռʮ֣סϣͰٷ֮һ֮³ϣȡЩ
ǣϵľֹı뷨ϺռֵĿռ䣬ȥô
ԥأĸɫ£һתײ˻ȥһײǾɫ֮һƬռ䣬þĸĿռ䡣
ϼĿⱬ䣬ȵã
£ȭӭȥͬʱԼٶȴ߷£Ȼٶȣþĸ󾪣ھĸĹʱ֮⣬ϵȭͷ
ĸִٽУȴٴξȵط֣ϵġغڶǰȻǿ˺üʮĿռ䣬ֱӱ˸ϡãЩռȥ
ͬʱɫ±ѺֳۣɾŷݣÿһֻһɫȴǳϽµɢˣȡľĸˡ
ܰ㲻Ǻ𣿡
Ϻţڶȭ£˿̣ĸŭޱȣ쳣ǿôںĹƫƫֻһֵȴֵסĸҲûоʹ˷Ϊӵһ𣿲ܵģ
УɫȴһͷӿȥĿռ֮УһӿȥϿЦݣȭ˵ȻҾԸ
Ϊĸ󿪷֮ţھɫ¾Ҫһ˲䣬Ͻͬʱڿռһ֣ŨŨڵڿռתģ״̬ϻڿռ串һҡεȵȡ
ȻǾԼĵƣţһģ飬϶һ£ҪǲպϣǿɾҪԴ
ȻҪˣȻܹ֣Ǿۡ
һ˲䣬ĸ˳ϵڿռ䣬սȥĸʹȵ磡
磿
һʣֻ֪ˮ˵ڲͬڿռ䣬Ĳ֪ԭһ磬ϵĳԾûбֳĿʵ㿴ˣ𣿡
ȷʵ磬ԣӦò磡
ĸ˵˵ֿ֮ЦһˣΪʲô磬Ҫˡ˵ţĸȻֳϻûȫѪ¡
ѪʣµĲ࣬Ǻ;ɫ֮ȴɢ˿µĸں˵ϣĲ𣿡
ˣҵȻȫúܡ
ƾ㣬ɱ𣿡
ҵĵϣΪܻȥ𣿡
ɱңֻһ֣һңɱ𣿡
Ҿһһɱһֱɱǰڽ£
Цڵң㶼ɱɱȻڤ粻飬Ǿ͸ҷ׳Ӱɣ˵꣬ɫ͵ȥ


2048 ȥȫҵ
˽ʣѪ֮󣬾ĸʼڿռĴȥžĸ³һ޴ĺ蹵ʼڴ棬ƴ蹵֮У̶ʧ
һУ϶÷ǳʧֹȻܹЩķˣ϶Դ˿ɲаǣ̵Խ࣬ʱϾԽ׿ơ
ǣ֣Ī⣬֪ڿռʲô֣˭֪᲻Ὣ֮תԼ
ôһ˿ԥע⵽ЩʧֻǱһ֮󣬳ԥҪ̣Ҿ͸̣
£Ͻĸڵλӿȥ
ðж٣Ҿ̶١
ĸЦ˵³ͬʱҲţСӻһʵƾ磬Ȼ˶֪˶׾
ת䣬ĸЦصٶ࣬ʲôãҽĴȫƿһоͽ䶨ĸ
ƴڿռͬʱûзÿռǳѨϣռ䣬ڿռųϵȫʩΪЩ֮Ѿ£¶˺һ֡
ĸԽԽѷԽԽ󣬾ĸҲ࣬ȴǸ˲ʱ㣬磬ûγ̫ãҲôŶԣΪʲôڻûȫѿ
ţĸ³ĶͻȻֹͣˣô³ֺĸ˵һƾţΪ棬˺Ҳ󣬱ļƻһƵ׵ĻĴأͲٿʹڡ
ʲôֹң
ĸ֮ʱҲо˾ĸ쳣Ȼϲ֪ĸΪʲô쳣˴ʱȻŹʱڿռЩȫޱȵγɣ
͸ĸʱҲĸˣĸѪһ뻯ľɫУҲţײأƣ
УĸþݺݵײȥһײҪǷ棬һ߼Ĵ½϶ֱӱײޣڳڿռĴ֮Уȴ˿˿ƣɢȥ֮󣬾ĸԼԭλ
ǳϵʲôֹң
ĸЩˣϵĹͣѹأеľĸûоƲ˵أҾ죡
ĸǷҪƵضȥͳ𣿸ҳȥϽѪ⡢ͷ̺һԶӿ˽
ȻǳѨеҲûзŹǺѨеǳܣܵĿռ䣬һķʽ͸˳ϵڿռ䡣
Щռһ͸ǲˣڿռǳζһǳѨƵĿռ䣬ʽȾĸҪûʱ䣬ǳѨĿռҪ̾˫ץø죬һץȥԲǧףԻΪա
ˣȻ㲻ڿռθڣü¶ȻȻҵӣԿǿռһ֣ôҾֱڿռУڿռ̸ʹ졣
˵ڿռ䣬Ϊ̿ռ䣬ʱһΪĿռ籩Ӵ沨ô̷ܲҵռԴͷ
Ȼڿռļʣǣĸûȫȥغڶײ£ĸأȴ塣
ϸоһĿռ仯˵ȥ˵ⷢҪ볹֣Ǿ͵ôغȫΪϡ
磬磬
Ͻת磬ѹ£ռ䡢ȫѷ촦ȥΪ룬ԿռΪ˿ߣ첹˿ӵ·һ߽ѷ첹ѷ쿪ʼ£ĸлҸأϣң
׳գþ㣡
ֻҵһ֣ˣ޻ᣬҪˡ
ȥȫҵҪ㻹÷Ѫħ½Ǿ磬˭֪㻹ʲôǣӸҿ϶ڽһııʱδ𣿡
һŭȣĸȴˣΪ˵ģģڽһıĸӿԵΪµľĻȥˡ
ȻֻһֻҲ𣬿ǣһֵ𣬶ٻӰģЩʲôþĸܲ˵ǣǹѰµõ֣УǱϻģ
Ĭĸ͵ҵ׷ɱɣϣӴ֮Ƭ£ںδܵҵУ
ôĿ֣ԣָʣΪ٣٣
ԳϱŴֿڵƣĸȻǳ侲Ҳϳ壬ĸûϢȴ˿⣬һΣУ졣
ʱĸ˵ڣҵĵһУ


2049 һ
ڳֽƴɱʱ˾ͽҲԡѪսţȫ侲˫正չֳǿʵȻ־Ƶ˾ͽѹŴѹɱŰ
˫ǶǺݡ
˾ͽ˺ۣһѪξξǺϣٴɱ˫正˫ÿһȭÿһţֻǲ֪˫歵ʲô죬ʲôء
ֿ֧һ֮˾ͽ˫歵侲ɶ״ɣһת׹϶ǴռϷ磬ѹסˡ
˾ͽϲҲҷɣ˭֪˫死᲻仯ң˾ͽҪǿŴƴɱ˾ͽԺеξٱ仯ţѹסǰǶ
ȻϵĽ˾ͽҲûз
ξǧת˾ͽͷصξ棬ΣξеںϣǲҲǶҵҵжأ
˾ͽĥſԣһȦݵˣ벻Уһ¾֪ˡ˾ͽˣȴûҵ˫ε˾ͽţ˫һ֮˫˫ס˫歵ӣҪУϢ֤˷У˾ͽû˫Σ˲侲˫歸ȥ
ǰ˵ҲĪָҪҽˣ
˾ͽţ׼ӿ˫ڣ˷ǷУٴν˫ס˾ͽɢϢһһ㣬˫歲ס͸ȥ
ͬʱ˾ͽξʼ˱仯˾ͽʱоΪϷӿø죬ɾھ˾ͽһת֮ʣ˾ͽо˫歵ķ
ոо˾ͽͷԼ˫˫ŷ˫歸סˣһӱƳѷ죬ЩѷУӿ˫歵˾ͽȥҪ͸˾ͽڡ
Ǳ֮ǰ侲ʱҪ侲һĳֱ仯ôˣ
һ̣Ǿĸ˵һСʱ̣Ȼ˾ͽֻ֪뵽ѵ˵Ǳߴˣ
뵽⣬˾ͽȻˣɣ˭˭˭˭ˣ˾ͽƴ˵ڱ˴͸ţ˫˫ҲǱ˴˿⣬˭Ҳڲ
˵仰˾ͽԺһŴġԡ֣ٿ˫歵촽ϸаЦݣҪˡ
û˵꣬˾ͽͽȥȷʵǳ塣
˾֮£˾ͽûаֵķ绨ѩ¡֮飬еֻ˾ͽס˫촽˲䣬˫һ£һ£˾ͽͨע˽ȥ
˫ʱҲʾﷴӿ˾ͽ˫Ǽһ۾ô˾ͽӼת۾һգͷҲ˽ȥɵؿʼӵء
˾ͽΪ˫һ£һ㶣ٴʧȻ˾ͽռϷ磬ξһģӰ˫Ҳͷ˾ͽȴûҧסӿ֮ξӰ͸ˣӰ˫正ͷһһףʡ鶼֣Ǹ룬ȴںϵĸо
ҸһΣ
˾ͽĴ֮ĥ仰Ҫ˫歾Σ⣬һŮǹȻʲôõѡ˾ͽԼʱʱת˲ŵĺΣȷҪһ۵ģй飬йذйΣ
һߣĸ˵Ǿ仰֮ҪԱȻǴһصĴͬʱ̽һ³ϵ棬ʲô
ʱϺȵУûãأҺϣ磬
ͬһ˲䣬ĸԱˣϵĴҲѸٺϲĸԱûнظ俪ҲûкҪĶԱڽ˴֮Уһ˿ֵĺۼڡ
𣿡
ţʱп˼ĸǻ쳣״ţƲ˵أ죡ƲˣΪʲôƲˣڤ˼ţӻں嫿ռУ޾ռ䡣
ھĸȫʱ򣬲ĳǳòƽ˸һ£ֻǳڲصһ̾Ϣ̾ϢΧǳȥ
̾ϢкХȴ˵ţڳˣҵļƻҪǰжˣң˭Ҳܵãţ׼ãƻ书һֻۣǣʲôΪʲôһһ񲻶ĸо
ͣһӰ֣Ӱһȴһƣ
ƽǳ˸û˵ע⣬Ǭһߣǳ֮˵ȥѳ
һ롱֣۾ȻŴ켴ָƽС
ͬһʱ̣ңȴǺ䶯ΪʦдΣգȥ˭ںʱȴǺ¸ˣϽϱҼ
Ҽ쳣ȥ棡
ǣ
ʮӰֱ֮ضҼȴԾУҸӵĿռ䣬վһɽͷĿռ֮ǰȥ˵棬ѣȡ
ô¶


2050 ౣγ棿
棬Ҽ˵֮ҲʲôֻǸռɽͷ͵ʧˣռдҼ״ӦòΣա
켴Ҽ뵽ңж᲻ҵע⣿Сһ㣬Ǹ춴һ
ҼصңһϵеԸȥ
ͬʱڲҼųϢ˼󣬳Ҽ˵ϣȥ̽һ̽ϣҪ
ɣҲϣٶһţڴҪӦ֮ʱȴ˵ղǲ̽ҿˣҴҵӣ֪Ϊ

Ҽüͷæ˵ǿ϶ɱϣҳǵĻᣡ
Цܹȵǵľ𣿳֮ϣǳ顣
˵ˣǳ껵Ķֶ֣ӣһۣĵ˵֤Ͽ϶ǳҵˣųҵѪһҪȣ
֤˵ϲǳѪԸԱˣ
ڿ˵ǳ׵ӳ磬һڣͽƵ˾Ҽһ˿ƣһļæҪȰȴԥ˵ϲǳ֮ˣԱ
ðǸϽȥѳһ
ָϽ˵ѾֳƣлţгҵѪҲɲǣ͵ɡ
ţȴҼһţԼղ˵Ļе㲻Ҽ뵽Ҽһûӵܱȵϳף̹Ȼˡ
ΪҵĹأ֮λ߾֮óҾסµĿ飬Զǿȥò˥
Ҽ״Ҫϸӻ⿹⣬ֻϣǳҵˡҼţʱҪ˵ԼǰĻɾʱǰһӰҼһڵأ棡˷׷¶Ͽ֮ɫ
ʲôش鷢𣿡
ղŲ鵽ҵĿ
ŶһֱϹҲ뿪ˣȷʵд·ǡ
˵ţȴͻز˵ٶ˵Źڳϵ£ٶ֮죬Ϊ֪ԼΪѾ˳ҹأ˵ˣֱӸˡ
ã˵ĻȽ٣١뷨Ҳһۣ˵ѳһǳˣǣغóңȥϹʲô
һ£Ѿ֮⡣
һ˵ţѳֱӿһˣ˵˾ͽǱߣžĸĻ˫歵ķ΢˾ͽС
ʵ˫歳Σ˾ͽԼҲУֲ١
У˫歱׷ɱ˾ͽӢ۾̬֣˫歵ļңһ·ϣԽ̸Խˣȵ˫歵ļУѾˣΪ˫正˾ͽԻ˫歼ңֻΪܼ˫正վ飬׹˰ӣ͵˽Ǿޣ䲻Ȣ
ǣ鱻˫歵ײˣ˫歵ĵҲͬһ𣬻˫һӸ磬˾ͽȻǲʹְ취Ҳ˫歵ת⣬Լѳʱ˫歵˫正޷˫ֻͬҪ󣬼޸ǸӸ硣
˾ͽ֪󣬶ϻꡢ飬˫ʹޱȣȴò˵ٰĺݻȻȥ˫歳ף죬Ҫ֮ʱ˾ͽǹӼң˵˫ֻޣȻ˫歵棬˾ͽһ٣óɱﵣ˫歱ϲӣһݣҲԡ
ʱӸŰƣЦ˵˵˫ùԹԼ޸ĵʮС檣Ϊ˫歼ҵĲƲѾȫˣҪǲޣ˫歼ұһĲֵ
˫歵֪ӸıȴѾûа취ı䣬ֻ˫歼޸Ȼǧһʱ̣˾ͽ֣ŤתǬȴ˫˵׼ȥɱ˹Ӹ磬ȴ˹Ӹı׼˫歵ĲƲס˹Ӹһѡ
һǳ׶ϵĹ£ɶ԰鼸һƬհ׵˫˵ȴɱУξˣ˾ͽ˫歵ҲˣǻƵӣӵһӵ̬ܵ˫ţҲһ𣬺ŶԷĺű˴˵
˫۾ŶԷȴǰֽǧ¶꣬ã֣˾ͽ˫歡

飬˫˾ͽĻ˾ͽЩ񣬿룬ҵޣ˾ͽϸȥȴ˫歸ǰͬʣںϳһ֣ڰ׵ͷҲһζ
ң
˾ͽֻ֪֪Լַ˱仯ʵҲӾ뵽ʵ˾ͽȻ뵽磬ѿ˵˫正һȥҴ硣
ġ
ˮһСϱ˾ͽһ£ǣס˫歵֣ǰȥ
˿̣˳ſռȥ


2051 ֮
ռԴͷδ
ĿռܶȣԽԽܣܵţҪڶ֮ʻţٲᱻһ
СڣǱӦòʲôɡ
ţʼöԡ⣬šֻղһѪսϡʵ֮⣬ټ϶ԡ͵컻աġʮó϶ԡ⣬˲١
Ȼ࣬һ֣ͽֻˣֱϽֻ֮һʱ򣬲ͣ
֮Ҫۡ
ţδ򿪡ֻһβһûйâϮˣһĶųϡ
ϸϸһ˼ϲ֮ɫСϢ
£϶
ڳʱ棬Գٶȣ֮رȺʹһٶҲǲҪ˶ʱִܹ
˾ͽڿռУѰҴټ˫歺ܰظ˾ͽԣӰ룻ͬʱŲҵƴɱ
ȫ񣬺ţҾʮԲһ֮ôʮĶ֣Ϊô𣿡
ʱȷʵǱѹŴģʱġ䡱ӵ£Ҳı䲻״ƴţΪǸõ롣
䡢սûг֣ΪڳսȻûг֣սҲ򵽲ٵĶ
Сڶžƣʱ׼š
ڳһһƴɱУǵ֮תԼĶˣŴɱ֮ã˶ʤ죬ֻһЦ˾ˣ죬֮Уʤ죿ҾǸ죬
죿㲻䣡죬Ҳܽڽ£
һѪǵ㡰֮ȫתɳĶһɸ֮У̧ͷ˿ڱĴأڰݵľģ齣롰䡱дӵڶ֮һ㡰֮Ҳ˽ȥ֮һն
˵ʽΪ֮䣡
䣬ն֮ǰŰޱȵĲлնһ㣬ŭΪллնͱˣرһ㣬ʮһ֡
ң
еϣӷĿȥҼΪβ㣿ҲҪ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ҵԸʮȫΪҵĵ
ŭţٴն£лȱһ㡭
Сڼ״ЦˣҶڤʧ֮أ˶ӣҲοˡ
ʽ֮䡱ȻϬҪġʮԹ壬ֻ֮䡱ĵǺˡ
ǣʲôˣȡڽڿݽߵѪҲ³ˣڳն彣Ҫնµʱ򣬳ĽڿУȴ䲻ȥ
Ϊһ˿Ҳˡ
״ɢŲ̬ϢĿЦл־ҪԱɱһɫЩңСȴûгֻ֣ء
ȥɣҵĶ˭Ҳߡ
ۿҪΧ۾һء붯ҡ켴Լٶţǿռ䣬űɨҶ㣬˲ɨһ졣
䣬Ȼӿţˡ
˿̣ѾΧ֮
֮һնټлȻ֮һһҽУ˶ȥȻŹ˴ûᣬ׷նɱȥﻹţܹõЩǹֶйأǹֶʲôΪܿƬءġռ䣿
߿ռ飬ѭſռĳϣٶȻӿ죬ڳնʱϾһ衢俴ϳ֣и򶨣Уľ޵еĴڣҪǿĵˡ
Сһ˳ϻУϿгƴɱ˲СõϸûвУֻЦ˵ɱһȴϣĻ棬̫ˡ

лоȻѪȻⷬش̼ˣϼһ˿ЦݣղǷǹ˵ģĿ֮ǰľĸһ
˵󣬳˳˼ѭſռҪδҵ䱾Դڣȴǵѵ˵ƬռԴͷǸֶ
ǱߣŴ˾ͽ˵ҲԽԽ
Ȼ˾ͽȵϳ˼ϵ浽ˣһ˵͸ռ䣬ִ˴
˭ţ
ѹŴ棬һ䣬棬ҪɱңǻҵĻ

СצӾҪֹסСڣСſڳϻʱһӰƿնһͷʣĿռ䡭
棡
溰治ȥռĹ죬һֱֻȥǼʽҪһ
һ˲䣬϶ˡ


2052 Ϲ
һץؽն£Ϭغڶ񱩶һĮ˭צӣȥ
ƱغڶסҲǰá
ף
澪ޱȣſޱĳϣסϷ򣿡
ҲҪɱ㣡

ЦЦȥֱһܵҪϢĸоôûг߶һ˸Ϸǰɱ֣ܺðܺð
ޱȵӣǰƣӴغڶУͬʱ޾ռѹռ䲻ǾĴĿռ䣬֮ϵЩռ䣬ѹ¡
ȡ˿ռ䣬õ࣬ǣƴնһ̣־Խ
ֻôһֶ𣿡
˵صһֶΣɱ㹻
ֶΣԱã˵ҲãǴãֻˡ
ĻжʾˣغڶݻһһĴ½Ѿ֣ԽԽƣԽܸõչʾ½ϣȻغڶҲ͸
ͬһ˲䣬ϻռ䣬ȫ
һ죬ȾȳѾԥغڶƤһϽأǣһǿġغڶİƣҲը졣
ܵķҲͦأѪӿһ죬ȴ˻ȥĶڳϵľУѾʤϰΪȥϸоԼѪһ䡣
ô¶ѵְлʲôֽţ
䱸Ҵ⣬ûȥµľƲתͷԳ˵裬㾡ɱˣڣ˭Ҳô㣡
桭
˾ȣȻû뵽ϾȻܽˣ𾪣й֮޲ղȷʵЩˣΪСӾеʵҲߵȥȴû뵽С˺ݣݵֱͳֶ鲻ٶȣ̫ˡ
ϷѾܾúܾûܹˣСӣӦԺˣ֣
㲻֪
ǿޱȣȻһֱȾĸҪΣյĸоҪţʵв㣬ҪһǿȫĻԣΪ仰زʱһ£гһѣȵ̤ѷ죬
Ҫ˾ͽ˫歸ˣϿˣЩɻ˾ͽͷ󣬱תͷ˵Ϲֱһǿ죡
Ϲ
оԼˣչ£һȴŵسЦʵЩزǣŭѾ⣬ȼſռ䡣
𣿡
ϿڿռѾʵΪĻ𣬵һΪû˸أԭֻһΪĽѶѡ
ǺܺãɹؼŭϷ򣬼ȻŭϷǾͳϷŭɣ
ϢɢϸһоϢĸʹռݺľĸϢҪǿֱΪǻ֮һ磡
ȻҲһֱѹȵĸоġغڶٴҫֻһ𣿡
ȻУҪǶˣֱֻӽɱˣҲûĥĻˣ˵Ը㣬һ㹻˵ʵСڣɲǳصģ
ʵʩչٸأ
һ治֪ҪʩչԼһɡ
Ż棬ĹɲôüŭģҪǼŭˣ˭ôϻֱӾʹɱϲ²ֱ˲ԾΪеСڣΪ
ǣϵĻҲ˵˵ѣʩչһһغڶʮָУһŽһŵġغڶֳתۼ䣬Ⱥ˸
Ҫôһ𱬣֪׼һأ
ϵһʣޱ飬켴˵Բ֪𣿡£һȭϵġغڶȥȭͷŵϤϢǡʱϢ
ֻȭͷеġʱȷǿߵġڰʱǿ̫ˣңһȥϾȻҲҪǸ֪ʱĳ嶯
⽣֮ʣԶִϹϹ֣ҷϹʲôµֺˣɴԺͽϹˡ
ħȻˡ
ãôأ
Ӱ֣һۿĲ棬ǳϣϱôһоԼѪʼҵطڡ
ڵѪ£֮ǰѪ쳣иŨͬʱĿ⣬Ҳȥоȣ˵ǳϡ
¡
ܺá
ǣͲ³˳ϵݣдҪϻسңһѪһֱڱչȴ֪ڲ쵱ĳ֮
֪һ־㹻ˣ˵ԭճǱˡ
Ϲ


2053 Ϲѭ
Ϲ
ԵޱȵĻڳħ֮ڣȻҲǷϳħԸ񣬵ǣڴʱ˿ȴǹ˵ģħֻôãҲǱصĹйڳϵϢȻһۿϵԸ
ȻϵϣЦΪǸħ֣뵽ħʦ滹е˼ֻҲĳˡ
֪ԼնɱһȺǲܵˣħ仰ŭһֳ˳Ҫóϡ˾ͽ˵ԲôΪΪǲУǴ·ħµĴڡ
ħڱϷ𣿡

ΪϷ㣡
ʲô¾Ͷְ
ħֱӴ˵ŭ𣬱̬֮ȴǿһ㣬ںˡʵ֮ĳҲ
ֻ治ʵ𣬻ǵĿռ䣬ؿ޾صƷ䳲Ĵڣڿռ֮Уһ˿˿ߡ
ߣʱ𣿡
Լʱ򣬳ħ˵Ϸ𣿻Ū˵ģ˵ţһն£Щռ䰡߰ʱն룬Ҳǣڳħ½ִʵΪ飬ǣȻûѹնˡ
ȻҲɾͶԸ˵ģն𡢿ռֺϲ˵ڻǾһս֮ʱ죬ֻҪҰСӴţҾĹǣ
ǧңǻɱһ˵
治֮˵ħ㻤һʱһϷɱʱʱ̶̿лᣬ춼һĻȷʵܱסǵֻҪĴۣң
в֮⣬ǳԣħüͷһ£ȷʵпܹ˴ʧˣǰ˻ȷǲǳѪҪôĴۡ
ţһȣ
ȺһġغڶֱӺ¡ը죬Ŀռ䣬Ҳ飬󾪣ûϵϻ֣ڳϳֵ˲䣬˾ͽҲˣ˫Ҳһͬ֡
ʱһȣغϣ
ҲԥֱʹɱУն棬һûӲһҪȥץסͳ衣
ǣյѷ˲䣬𣬡˵̤ѷ죬ѵ𣿡ܵصĳϣ˵ֻۣıǿֻ۵Ҳǿ࣬Ŀӿռϣ䵽ʱȻðһ̡
ۣ֮ԯ
ܵľһһоħԼ濴һ棬ӿζȴĿһѭߡ
ѭ֮أһѪ⣬һģһ壬ѭߵ˲䣬ˣͬʱ£ħϷıɣҪǻȥˣϷ֤ǳһΪһƬ棬㲻ڳң˭ܵסңʶģúûţ򡭡
˾ͽҪ׷ȥħ˵׷ˣѾһ½ˡϽŲһ£Ҫƴ׷ȥСڣ׷ϣ뵽ȲæСڱ¶ͣ
棬ҲڳԾʵֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼܵһ½Լռ̵ü£Ҳһ졣
ˣһƬû뵽ǰҲûܸıˣʵҲȥòߣ˾ͽϱֳʵѾܹķۣرס£ǾܸصˣʱԽԽ
ԣ浱ϣ׼ѭᣬͬʱǶλ棬ȫ˺Ƥһ̣ӦܻţȻ˵ܻܻ治̫Ҫ˿ľҪϣóٳɳȥ
˻޾ռУѾ˻ȥϳҵĵˣгǵĵˣ׼һֱʡ
ͬʱһŴֱʵӣѾ쵽һߵλãھУоеúͨ뿪
ߣ棬ͻؽǳ޵Ŀ⣬ųϣ㣬Ҫ㣬ɣСУҪɱ㣡ҪĻʮ
˳裬ųɱȥӰһǰĶ֣ңڣͱȥһ
£轣նȥ
˵ϣһһ˳ҡ

㣬ңԳ˵Ҫ
Ҳǳˣ
ǲǣѪһ֪
üͷûнһж֮У˵Ϊ㣬ҿܻӭһѣҶϹֵ˽⣬ڿ϶ѾϵҪԳ֣ԣбҪμһս㲻𣿵ʱսϣֵҲʵ⣬а취ûٴηһɱ䡣
ħָǳ裬켴죬˵


2054 ֻع
϶Գӡ󲻴ôҲԸȥңһѾȳ轫֮Ҫǿٶȣصڣٰܿءɽء
ħ˵óʵ󣬳д󶯣Ҫʱ˵ڶʲôҶԸ㣻⣬ȥңǷΪˣҶԴӦһ
ʲôУ
Χ֮ڡ
˵ţСڣ뵽Լռߵ뵽ǼȷʵԼгĹϵ뵽ǳϷ˵ͷ˵á
󣬳ϱųͻƣߺ󣬷еҪĶѾˣ˿ڵҲΪһĿռѾƻˣƾųǼ᲻ɴݵ־ټ֮ʮ㣬սûΪ٣ʹΪͣ෴ԽɱԽǿ
л飬ֻ֮ʣ֮ˣҲ˵άܡĵֻŶʮˣĺޣҪŨжŨǶԳ裬ǶԳϡ
ֹϢлֻʣķ֮һŵζɿֻʣµĲлϺǲɱң
û˻ӦеֻǳǸϬĽܸǿġ֮䡱УһɡϢ͸ϣζ
Ųٽֺɱңұϣɱ𣿡
˵ʲô𣿡
϶˾ͽ˵˾ͽЦˣ˵ϹÿȮûȥĳ棬˵棬㻹ΪԼ̲ϹΪ֣ѾǺܿˣȻˣ㻹ָˣ಻ҶԳҷսĽڶѣңͻһսһ
ңһмֵġ
˳˳ˮ棬˵ǰ붼ûĻɻ䣬һն£лֻʣŷ֮һѾάֲлָ̬ΣӣҪжҡ
豾Ҫն£ŲȴһͣŽ۾ɻ֮ɫоԼĽ˱仯˲ٶ֮ǰɢϢǳơ
ɻУҫ
޻֮м֮ûˣϿ֪һǳؼʱ̣ܻƴųһȥ󻹻᲻Ūʲô⣬˭Ҳҿ϶ԣ䱸׼ʱ֡
óǣԳıɱһȴֹͣ˹ųҾͲĸɱң
Ҳɱ㣬ֻΪֻһҪͷ­Ѫ
ǾвζʮĻǰԥûУţţ買۷ġ֮䡱նϣ˲䣬ͷ­֮⣬֣ȫޡ
۾˲ţҲٶŪһ˿Ժ켴̫˳ˣվ̫ˣҲһ¡
ϰԼһ·ߵҲЩ˳Աߵ˾ͽԴ۾գգͺ³ˡ׳ա֡
Ǳ۾Ǳ齣УһЩӿظоЩԭġлǣڱġ
õҲֻһ֣һ֣ȫ
һ˼㲻ᣬصߵԴǰǿԴµذãŽָУҪûȥ졣
䶨ನûֹͣӿһΡ
ҼѵƣһŤ£ŭغңһҪ㣬Ϊ𡣡ںʱ˵ǰݷá
ʲô£ߣȥһ
Ҽŭװ󣬳˵һ׻żɽ˵յҷϢҲԸһҡ
̫ˡ
ŴϲҼĸָҼɻ֮ʱ˵棬Ҫĳɣͬ⣬ſʱ
ãĳɣ
ҼӦøˬ죬һ˿鶼ûУ̸ĳɣʱã߳ȥҼ۾Ũ֮⡣
ҳ̫ˣʲô˶һţĳɣΪĳô𣿸Ҷҳû٣Űɣ
Ҽ˵ʼһ֮ҼطԸܼӴڣϲڵĹϵܺ𣿸ҿˣֻҪһ£ҪƴڣȫץҵҪֻŮܰУҵ׵ķĹҾˣҪǺڣҪ
ǰһӴԶҲû˸ȥҪĵһֻȻڴУǸûнڷ
ңĩˡ
Ҽ˵Ȼȥ㱨׼һֲӵ˵֮Ǹгϵģһ˿Ϣдá
ǣ档
Ҽ˵ʱʧˣȥҵķ򣬴սҪ٣֮£üͷý


2055 ڲʲô֣
üͷ衢ȴһɫҲ˵磬ҵĵﲻٸ𣿡
ûشš
ͨСڣѾ֪е£ܹսʤ棬ܹȫΪԸҡһͷ˵һ֣ǳǼǿģ϶ͬӲıһѿ
ǣ˵ʵڻȥ»ȷʵûͷرǻгõףҪ֮ԯΪλְţ
Ͼþòӿʼ֮䣬޾治ɫȴѾ⣬ֹ


ʱԺһȥʱ䵹Ǹʱ̣᲻ʲôתϾСŮ˵˵һû˵ĻСҲ˴δй
һ룬϶Գ˵а취ǣڵһ
Ͽ϶Ļش𣬳Ĳ˲ʧˣ˵磬ܵȣû˵ʲôʪ۾յ˫ȭȴѾ¶š
ˣֻΪסǣ˵ĻһĻԣȴ֪˷򣬵벻ԣڻɵ֪
һᾡȫ
ٴǳŵ֮¸һ֮˵߰ɣ˵Ѿҷˡ
ԳҪ󣬳ûӦǿųˣһ𣿡
ȥһס
˵飬ˣ˵ûʲô¶Ҫһˡ
ɣһȥҴǣٶȿһ㡣
˵꣬תͷԳ˵Ҫǰлȥ㵽
Ϲ֪һȥضɱ㡣
סϹ֣˵ȳشֵϹҴ򲻹Ҳӵ
ãڳҵ㡣
Ҳٶԣ˵꣬ɾسˣʵųһȥ̶ȵر֤ϵİΣܾѪɳѾô˵ˣ˵ҲãȥһʲôϷ
Ҳ߰ɡ
˵꣬ꡢ޵ȵȫսڿռСڵȻ⣬һȺȥȳϡһߣƬ֮ȴǹʧˣʲôʣ£ϳʼ̫ռ䣬ɿռԭ򣻺ϸһ룬־òǿռԭ򣬱ϾЩ֮࣬ʵʵڵģ󣬳뵽С˵Ǹֶ
֪ǹֶǺ
ţСʱкһʱԱиʱ䣬ȡδƴɱľ飬һ
һԣڵġ֮ڣǹ̶ĳһСһС󱾾꣬Ϊṩ㹻Я
СҲڽ߾ȫĥʱ䵹ûлûŮģӦСҪ󣬻һᣬϵСڵĲϣ׵ķĹȥ
Ǻ֮£Ͷһֻ񱼵ӡ
ʱ棬衢ѾҪץסÿһϢʱ䣬Լǿ˾ͽžɣֵܱϾôʱδ档
˵ţ˾ͽпųϵ۾Գ˵Ҿǵżץһ鶫һΣ󣬾ʹ½˾硣
⣬۾͵˵ֵܣղ˵ʲôôھģ
һΣѹھģôģһ治֪磬ôˣ⣿

ϵ˵ͷд⡣
˵
˾ͽ˲²⣬˵룬Ѫħ½Ǹֵģ½࿿绹ŪģȻڻûֱ֤½ܴ½磻еһڶͺܿеĸ
ӿһ²⣬᲻ÿһ֣Ūһ鶫½ֵڲʲô֣
½ܲƽô򵥡
˾ͽҲϱ㽫Լ½˼˵˳żǺӰӦ˾ͽһׯϣͳһ½
ǵġ
½дܡ
ҵ֣һ̽ʵһ٣Ϊ棬Ƕ½ʲôͼ
磬ҪȻ½׼׼
£˫正ҡҡͷ˵ûȫҲġ
磬ģҿεġ
⣬ҴؾʱѾؾǸͨƻˣĴʱãȥ½ǺѣҵµͨʵﵽնĻĵز
ԺгĻĻ棬˵½˲ˣţ⣬½Ѿ඼Ǳˡ
ֲ½õôõĶ
˾ͽţܾòԾȴ뵽ܿܿôеģǰǻ֮Ҫ֮ĻܴܿõһЩ
ţ˾ͽͻֵ磬˵ƽ𣿡
ƽӣ
濴к«˵ģǾƽӵʲôˡ
϶ź«˼«ǴĹõյԴҲ֪ҪҡͷʱȻһЩ


2056 
뵽ģһ˵ζĸ裬һƣһ֧СȥĴͨгģֻͬˣû
ƣǾƽӰɣ
ϲ֪ԼĲ²⣬Ƿȷȴ޾ռεˣһ㣬٣ȾĸʵǿϺ֪ܶ࣬ħܲ
һ˼ӿ󣬳˾ͽ׽غϡ飬˫正Ҳ״˫ֳģȷʵֻһˡ
˾ͽ˵ͷ˺һ˫歵֣ξ
ϽʱҪ£һʱ䵹Ǵţʱ䵹ҪԣͲ˵ˣܷó˸ĹؼҪģϻ뵹Լԭʼһ̣ǷΡ
ҲΪҪѾ֮ǿߣǽͻԼֶΣƴܵһ֣ɶ·Ͷ᣻ңŲ˵֣ҪмƲܲõóҪ־ʱֿɼɱһĴš
һãʱʡ
ܿ죬Ͼʱд߸£СǿʱҲǿ߸µʱ䣬ʵУʮѡ
ûмȥʱ䵹ЩᣬţƿҪĴţѾû̫⣬Ҫִţ˺һξ롣
ٴȥ̫ˣϳʱ󣬱Сڣڿռ䣬һţһ׷Ĺȥ·;Уϻ˾䣬Сڣûйڴţǿռ֮ĴУ
С˿ȥϼ״ЦûоˣˣǼ£иоû
һûио
ȥɣǰǿ˲٣ӦáϽС磬СУʹš
һߣҿɾͲôˣѾȼзԱǳϵĹʧ٣ر治ǰԳնɱǿߣʹóʧ١
ãħ˻סϹ֣Ҳ¶裬ʼҵѣҲ½սƿʼ
ϹֿħЩȣûд
ιأ
زˡ
ϹһЦħȴǳȥħ׷ϣڣòѵģ
𣿡
ϹѾⷽʽ˳ȥҼӵϢѰҳǵټ⣬֪ͨţŵ̫ųһ֡
ҼΧڴΧ˶
ͬʱϹ˵ţħɱһҾֵģħ𲻰Ϊ仰ǳϣܾ©ʲô
պܿ㣬Ϊֹûܹ˵յÿһ̤飬ǣӶģһαһιģս˺ܴӰ죻ǰЩմѾ෴һЩƫƧСȴ磬ռƫƧС
һʵ㲻˲ˣûжȥΪչȥֶռ˺üƫƧСǶûϵһţľƣԳͬʱΪɵ
еӣλ˲٣ΪһֱԾʦ֣ڼƻж֮ǰ
ӳ˵һֺ󣬵õϢûмֱ֣õҴսм仹ǣ浽ʱ׼ڶγ֡
ͬʱѾϵˣ˽⵽ȥƻؾ켴ʹһ⣬ӹһͼһһų׷ų߹Щ·һЩ¼
ţüͷţ˿ʵһγϵǿȻΪŷϵԭԽΪŵ쳣ɵô¶ȴ̽ʵ
Ҳһʱڣڴɽ׵䣬Ѿ뵽֮󲻾ãӵһԥȥ
üȥҵ˻ûйƴڵػ󣬱Ҽ뷨ڸչһ٣ʢʵҲ̫ߣû뵽ػ½ơ
ǰ㲻ʲôǣҴսֳܷ϶̫࣬ˣڵľƣҼвˬ
һ˼ҼɳһӿѸײڶ֮ƣ´ڣ·ɨңӿǸ֮ؾģǣϹѭ֮˳㽫˻ȥԣӿûо棬һɴڣɻҪյϡ
һգϹħƴɱŵʱͻЦħ֪𣿡
ô
ҽˣŵ̫ӣҲ׼֡
ӣɣ
ȷʵǣҳϵֻҪһ֣ھ͵ˣ
ϻࡣ
ħȻɱȥɱ޹⣬ħôһĵǣȻ˵ԴϹ־ѣӵĹ֡
ʱϵ˳˵ĵطó˳ճһȡ


2057 
׼
У޾ķŭΪǰ׵ɽͷϣȻڻɽĹ˲ۣһն֮䡱ĸ˾ֱն䣬һ١
˭Ҷ֣֪˭𣿡
ʢ˵ĺʣûᣬվ׵ķĹǰѹеĳޣ˫ϥ˫ŨŨ飬޸׵ķĹ
Щ˼״в²⣬ˣѾȵҵˣ֮ˣԣҶҪ
ȻֻΧ룬Уϱ޸ŷĹ˵Ż˵ԭҶڤҶڤҲ˵ҶڤΪһ
ΧȻǲ²ɫ֮ʱǺɣɱУɱȥɾʱǰһ˲ǶȻ˿ͻһֻֻն˼꣬Ѫ籩꣬һƬռ䡭
ǴѪ֮ʱӴָȡǿԴԴϱ÷ǳãõЩһ۾ϳ˭鲻ԽšС㡱ʱ򣬸תҪӡ
ʱǵӰ֣ͷ֮˿ϵףʱһ㶣켴žѪҪƴһѪ·̬ȴһ״Ķ
ռ䴫ת˲ţüͷһ壬ûȥأȴǿЦźϣˣѾ֪Ҫ˶ʱ䣬ͻȡ
ûлػȴ׷Ĺңҳ裬ͷģң
˵ĳޣĪڸĸ֮𣬼֮𣬶Ҳռȫһ˷Ĺʹ䲻ð֮
ܲޣܲŭ
Ҳʬǣ֪ȦףȻ̤˽ȥ
ǹСϢɢȥǼ˾Ϣ£ѹùڵأꡱ
ѪȾ˷Ĺ
֮ھ׷Ĺˣرţڷǰ˵ţףƴҲ㸴ġ
ϡҲǼһ󣬳뵽ԯ֮ǵ£Գ˵裬ѾⲻٶԲĸĹ˼
Ҿ˭ɱ˭
ܹһ𣿶һղŷµԣҪǣҾãܱ沮ĸһЩܸаòĸ
ģ
ԥϾһ£ϵ˵ͷص˵˵ԯ֮ǵ£ֵģһչ˺òĸʬǵģҵ磬ҲɹŲĸ棬ҲĪô
ġ
˵꣬ڷһ˫ְŷĹȡǽʣʬǣųΪȴ뵽ħӣ뵽˶ɳ·ϣȥˣȭͷһᾡһܣǸ
ţϸоӿһĪڳϽʬǸһжŪõ˲䣬͵̧ͷĿһ䣬Խռ䣬ǾҵĿռ䲨Ϯ
죡
۾ﾡǺâԱߵ˾ͽȡ«ͷ
ô죬һҼ죬յϢʹ˳ȥˣͬһ㣬ٶȿ죻˾ͽսӰǵǰ
ˣģΪƽʵϣֵزòѾȫҪˣϴŵһɱ滹ҪΣյζ
ʲôˣ
ңݵң˶ӣ
ӣ
ϵһʱ뵽ţ˵ԭţˣкĿģ
ɱ㣡
ֱ˵Цˣãһܳɹ𣿡
ɱ˭ûܶȥ
ӵ˵ֱץϣδ˾ͽȴ˫նɱȥһȣغϣʱܿռ
Ȼ
ӿ˾ͽ³һ䣬ҲУΪΪ֣һ仰Ŀռ䣬ȻƽϢ˾ͽ˫歵ĺϻҲɢǵˡ
ŵطֿ˾ͽܵʹԲ˵û⣬˺ѷεظо˳෴ȥ˫正ǰôһ˿üͷţЩ
֣ѵǰǸ˫ֻ𣿡
˾ͽסΣ˫歱ȥ˫歳⣬Ҫץס˫ٴΣͬʱȥ˵һ壬ֿΪ˸õڡ
תӼܣ۾һ䣬˵֮ΪߣССܹģ
֪֮ǰʲô𣿡
ûʸʣңǰҲû̸
֮ʲôǷ֪
¶м֮ɫȴû˵ֻƬȴת˵һˣȷʵڣҾ㳢ֵζ
ûмżغڶȵȴɱУЩ˿ǳϵĴڳϿǸģĸ黹ǳóû⣻ңϸоԽ࣬ʱ򿪡ֻԽࡣ
Ȼǰǳϲܻ
ֱΪΪ֣
ӵĳֵϢ˳


2058 ˵
ֱΪΪ֣
ӵ仰ɢڿգϵֻ֣һصķʽ뿪ַȻѪ⣬Ϲͷݣշֵ˲䣬Ͼ͸оԼЩЭ
ֲЭӰ쵽˳ϵ磬Ǳڵʵ֮ƣ
ǰΪΪ֣
ΪΪ֣
ΪΪ֣

ָ죬ֲЭ֮Уأûг֣ţĬĬоÿһ˿仯̺ĵ
ӿϺ޷Ӧ۾ɻΪϹ˵ϲôĹڳˣת䣬Ӿ׳ҪʲôǸЦʹ֮·սҲ˭ǰȻ룬Ҿͳȫ㡣
ΪΪ֣
䣬ϵʼ룬ϾΣ굤飬ߵķ룬ϴ˺Ѿصĳ̶ȡ
ɽ飬ˮʧľڿݣǳڿݡ
ǼϢĹ磬ͱñǰľĵҪңѪͷڿήһֱʢҲɢϢ
ϻ޶ԡ
ʱһץֱץԴ״նǧǧ䣬һ˵ˣһУܻôһãǣǰʲôǡΪΪ֣
£ĽӸǴػѪɣ衢˾ͽˣӵĶ֣ǰʲôĹ
սս£ػʽնЦԯս񡢵ػʣǰս͵ػʣһҪɵô֣ڣǸͲҵĶ֣ԯҲһ
սҵգҲҲȥսʯأɽͷӲذɣػҲûӳҵĽ֡
ӻû֣Ŀġ
ڣ˭㣿
Ӷų˵ȫǸѪ˶ĳϣͷתţҪһǶ⣬Զӣøֲֶ࿹
︺ôأ
ϴѪζɢûϱ⣬ֻ˵ɱڵ㣬㹻ûдﵽڵľ磬תΪתΪС
ͻػһԲ˼Ŀ⿴ųϣٴȣΪΪҷ֣˵أȴͨϵأרָϵء
ӵͷ޷ԶȴһлӺȳ֮ΪУȴϣоĻûаֺת
ʲôô֣ţĿһݣֺȵһ֮ңͬʱռ䣬ʽն
һңܵʹ࣬Ȼ򱶣ɾֱҪ˺޲ʹУظоǹϢǿʵϢɽ
޾ռֱӽ棬ӻңϵʹ״ӱӦʤȯյģǣӲﲻЦݡ
ΪӸоϵûлҵ׵һҲ˵ϻûбƻкƾ裿Щ΢ţͬʱǴΪҪС
һİգ뵼϶ûеֿΪ뵽ڳһ̶ȺôҲȥĳΪȷĳЩ²⣬ͽӵ֮һԡ
ȻǶǳϵյơ
͵ֻնʱٶĳϣ͵ֻۣѪ֣ܵĳϣӭ̫˵˵
۾һУɱâأȴδһǱ߹ŵˣƾץһӵһתͷأų죬ʵΪ죿ΪأΪΪ
ȥɣ
Ѿйɶɬ֮У˵ȻףһУȻתΪתΪȴһ̶൹ԣҪųϼΪ֮ʣȡ
ûжֻ̫ǰԵҪ֣Ҫϣ仰ϢӵĵĺϣΪۡ
һ˸ղ֮⣬ġлҲ˳ϲٵʾӼƬ飬󾪣ȵ۵
δ´£ȴûܴʵϵһԸ۵õĿ϶࣬Ϻ㣬ҪǶҲд
ܡ
ӴȣǰƬ½ĹѾѣȴͻƳϵǲʱ˵Ҫ۵Ҿ͸㡣
֮ϣΪ̫˵ΪֱΪ
£ӵһŤ
˵ǰΪΪ
˵ΪΪ
˵
һ˵Ҳͷʹѣûһţ÷ĹйʹѾɫ԰ġغڶҲûơ
ϻ˵˵еһУ˵꣬ϴѪƵӣҲأͬҶתء


2059 ɱ
Ƴֻ˵˼仰ų϶̫Ŀǰ⣬ҪЩӳҪĵģо񣬰һЩ϶ûŪ׶
ҲŴˣ˵Ǿ仰Ϣ΢һϢ
Ǳߵӣܵʱ򣬲ûиоʲôȻֻǰǰʹЩʹ˵δޣԣϵ״̬Ӻǧٱ
ϣȷʵһţҲеǣ㻹˻򣬶˿򣬾㣬죬ҾҪ棬ʲôֹҵ
Ӵ󺰴ţɱ΢յ۾ﲻ뵽ѵĲһʲôǷ֮һĶйأ
ӵƽ֮ʱҰһֻѩ׵ӣ񣬻û׵ʱȴ죬˵֣
䣬ӵŤԭֱ֣еֱе˫˫Ҳڻʲô۾֮٣ϵв֣ȫǰƽƽҲҲǸ߸ŨüۣҲҶü
ȴǣӵԱбŮ
һ˵ΪŮΪҲ֮ԱΪ֮󳬹ڣһʢ˥ͱʢ˥ҲͱŮˡ
Ъ˹ĺȴ޲˵Щϵı仯̫ںں֮ȻҲڽ
ӸϻʹǰĹֶΣһʱ伸⣬˲ٱǶر̣Ҫ֮ҲҪЩʱ䡣
⣬ӵΪҲȵȳ⣬ʼ½˲½Ϥ֮ϢϿһУ˼ҵĹûãȷʵһ㣬СںǹؼǣС棬̺ʲô
֪ҪԼС˵ĻСڿ϶˵ǣϸ֪СڵģģС˵ˣô෴ɲٵţҪȻС͸ˡ
Щ˻δˣΪˣȴû뵽ǸүǶȻ˴ǶңеĸǾ
һ졭
ӸоԼҪ֪ǰʲôȴ޻⣬Ҫֻ֪ô
Ȼ򣬻شӺģֻĻ
ϣ벻֪֮ʲôҪһҾ͸㣬һ̤ȥ
գҪǻһˣܻῼǣϸûзҪ֪Ļеǰ취˵ģǸ治Ҳ֮
ղУͻ뵽֮ǰҼ˵һ仰ʱϣΧҪǽҾֹͣڣ
֮óĿ⣬һӾӿɱ
ڣǳϳŵҪػĵطУܿСҲ˴ڣǱƣܿˣܸأǳϾԲġ
ɱŨȴ侲뵽ҿս󲿷ӦǶԸңʣµȥԸڣƾڵʵҪ֧ѡ
˲԰ģСڣСڰָһЩ켴ϲȻ϶Բовĸû뷨ڣΪܿΪ˴ڣΪĳϣʼ㡣
㲢ûлʱ䣬ϵõģڲ£ܿҲƽҪȥʱȴ˼谭ԳĿǰ״Ʋ谭
Ҳ϶ǴѣҲҴȥģ
ڳϷʱɢɱȻڳӸоϵɱǷϲΪԽɱǾԽ֤ڶԳ˵ҪϾԽпܴӦ
ϣ콫໻򡭡
СڣɱһԴС
ϵ˵ӷ㶣ǳ˵ģȫԯޣӴû˻ɱû
زûôȥǺͬһǿߣҪΧɱȻ򲻹ҲӵñȾ֮صϹ֡
Ǳ绹Ҫߵ˳ֻ֣һ㾳ʧܣ
ɴ˿̣ȴҲ˵ϣУСѾȥӿСڣ͵ػ񣬴Ҫҵֱǳ룬Ҳɱģ·
Ужһε··ۺΣգѾûѡ񣬾Ҫ̤·ʱСڵצӣɫһһץֱ·ץˡ
ĿɿڴСڣȻ㲻ӣʲô챬óıֶΣӷֳ飬ԹķʽСڣСһͺӱ۵ľɫâΧסӡ
ǵͺӵԺľӻһȴѾѪ۾Ҫ͸ɫâȥ뿴ɫâоʲô


2060 ĥ
ڽ֮ʣԼԼɫâģ״Ķһۣӽֱڵʹţȴ²ֻؿСڵצϡ
СһģĵֻʣһԴಿλ𣬲һҲʹӵ춯һ£ϿΣüͷ΢塣
ӵһΪ֮࣬ȫС˲䣬Сϵľɫâȫʧʱ֮˲ŵĿǿֻһѩ׵ӡ
СӰһϵϢһһУСڴϵõĺôҲһصķʽ磬ó۾һ
󣬳Ͽǰͷ­˫ȫ׵۾Ź̶͵Ĵ²һּ
ڵʵȷʵӣСڣڳǰ֮Уû֣صؼСȥնɱһˣ֮ҪأΪƵҪҽˣ˵ս֮ϣħͻ·磬ռϷ磬ڳʵԸڣҲҪС
Ϊնݳ⣬ҲΪԣ
ӱնɱٴβ㣬ز֮ǰҪһ㣬ڵˣżգѾˣ⣬ҷֲܴڣǴڵǡ
ͷһ˼뵽ӡ
֮ǰͶԸڣתͷԸڣΪ𣿲ȷʵʵԲΡ
ţϵ۾
ӵĵڶĻϷҪϳˣ
£Ͻд׼һ£·ٶȸңҵ£ȥڣǲģͬСóʱһץʱʱҲʱУǺ֮£һֻźѩڿ񱼡
ڳ׼ϸϸ֮ܵ̽̽Լʲôڵʱ򣬳ͻԵʲôıվ˭
أ뵽֣Ӻֻ᲻ᳶϹϵںδ
Щⶼûд𰸣ûмȥ벷֮ҡͷ񶨣ĥʵϻ۵ͦ࣬ǣ̫̫ˣϵЩۣٵÿ
Сڿռд󣬱ȳϻΪռеٶȣöˣ˿̣Сڲ̫Զĵطһ߸ţһƣһ֧С
Ȼ̫ԶСٶ˵Ҫǻɾ䡢ǣҲҪúһʱܹ
һҲΪոմͱշˣûøˣ˵ԺȴǰһӵĽѡ
ţͻؾһĿֱȥӣԡѵСڳȥܷСڣСȻҲܷ
оСڱһɫâٶȸ죬ĿԾȣлһ˿ϲɫӿ׷ȥ
ڼӿٶȣСٶȸǿ죬ɫâɫâٵɫâСڽȫ˦ȻģŷѰȥ
ҲˣСڵҵٶȣ࣬һһСξʱСͣԼ˳þʱм
һϾ¡ѵըǰ𾪲ѵɽҡضա޹ȵȳʵ̫ƽˣսҲһ½
رǳϽĿͶԶУǳâʮɫâ׷˵սʱؿǺ¡䣬ǳ֮󶯣½ܵʧ
֮һƴɱ𣿡
˵ţСڣ̤ȥʱУʵָ˲٣ٱȵھ֮¼ʱǿ˲١
·Ҳע⵽˳ϣûлװףＸ˵˲֪˲ҵɱϣͷһá
֡
һָģŹ֮ΪǿߣһֹķʽʧˣǷֿҲԶϵ硣
һӵġ֮֡ͬǰʩչͣһ֮ʩչΪɣϻǸоһԲ֮С
ҲŴˣϲŸҪʵսĥ
һϢ䣬ɱˣЩ㶣Ǽ֮ǿߣҲڵţʵǿ֪ϢҲ϶ࡣ
ȴᣬֻ̤ȥ
ǱߣӪУ˿ɱˣüͷûϲ֮ɫã켴۾һݣһľƬӪ˴ֻһˣһϣ˼Ľ͡
͡һЩԥˣĿͻؿžкɱųӿȥ˾֮»ܳ·Ȼ͡൱أص֮ǿ߶Ķĳ̶ȡ
֮νȨƸṇ̀취̫ģҲ·ģģǸһ¥
ΣϹֵͬ⣬Ҽ׳ͣ
۾Ǹɨһۣɫûа仯ҲʲôλãֻΪЩôϵֶ֣
ң
۵



2061 һʮ
һȻǿ󣬼ǻ֮ǿߣ֡ңٻ֮󣬻Զڳϵָնɱ֮ǿߺǡ¡·ǰų򣬲ٿ
Ȼһ㾳ˣ£ţûͣҲпͻƣҪˣзҲûһô
ȻЩ˲ϣȴˣþ䡢˶߳磬һԣķ߽佣նսңҲǲɱ¾֮С
Ҳ磬ܻһһ㡣
࣬ǣļǿ֮߱ʣµˣǳǵĲˣټϳ֮ʮϢ֮ǰӵӪͱ
ѾˣҲû뵽ôһɱ棬гЦ棬ͬʱҲޱ𾪣Ź˶ãʵһء
ۿѳɶ֣ϼʤսȥͬʱ֮һϹħսɱʮԶ
㻨ʮӣϲ׷ˣȻƴɱģҲǧ̤벨ȦʵϻûеħϹ־Ѿˡ
ϹȻ𾪲ѣңħȴЦϹ֣ŶǽϹȽϺãˣ֪ںδ
ߣ
Ϲһߣһ߷ѳħֱɱӣһһ亰
ʱϹֽŲһͣŨĲЭ֮Уǲ԰֮ɫĳϿҡҡͷ˵ϴκһ㣬ɻǲЩ򡣡
ôѵ˵뵽Ϲȵϣôӳģ
ӣΪʲôҪӣ
أ
ϹţΪħٴδӺɱҲΪħ˵Ѿɱ߸֪ν֮ʣϵһ
ۿȥǻѪԴòһģһ
ܣɱӡ
Ϲֵ˵ˣǣպ꣬ϹֺԥתȥûȥԴ٣ʱ˵Ҫߣ͵һ㶫
ҡ
һУϹʩչϹΧռ䣬ƣϹֶԳһУ̫ϣȻھ쳣ΣգϹָͲϣħǱ߻أ

ϹȻʮľ߷˲ʮĸ򣬽űը䱬ըģǷзڲԶĴ½
ʹУ弫ΪڱըϮ֮ʱһ͵Ĺâ֣пܣȥСûг֣ħҲ裬Ϲֳôʱѭ˳ȥ
ʮľ߷Ϲãķˡ
ħվڳϲԶ˵˵֮ʱħųϣҪǲǳնɱӣϧһ񣬳Ҳֻͣ˵߰ɣҸʱ䡣
á
ħҲɴ࣬ȥڳųħȥ֮ʱѭߵϹ֣һѪǿԴ϶˵ģвɣ
ʱһֺڵĶϹӣǲնɱģܹնɱһɱɱӣҲɱϷʮľ߷Żӳ죬ҪΣʲôӣ
Ҫ
Ϲֽʾ֭ŷһת뵽˵Χһ£뵽ӣﾫâһҵȥ
˿̣ѾףȻ˽ƣ뵽һصĵžֹסĻЩϣǻ̻̣ǵ֪ǿսʤĴڣǣ뵽ǿѾ䣬Ǿļ²ѡ
ô죿
ŵĺŵʱҲʼѰӵټɢ֮ϵϢ⣬һӡ
Ѿվڳʥĵطã
Ű˾ۿȥһģһ˳֮⣬ħҼгͳԼĸ岮ҲǳҵӪ֮ˡ
Щʲô⣬ڿǰ˾ʱÿ˶ޱȣﾡǳݡηϵһĿ⣻Ҳˣ൱ء
ȻԳ˵ѹҲûȥ׷ǰ˾ûȥʳ汲ʲôṦΰֱ˵ʼɡ
ྲ
ճСӣҲʲôطҰ
ž
һĶȴǳֱڳָӡȳȴǱס˵棬йأ۸Ѫ֮ˣҪһʮ
һʮ
һȫ˵ϣְعһƬǳںݺݶ˳ϼ֮Ҳȥ
һսУ׵ı֣νҫۣնɱһ֮ǿߣʮ֮ǿߣǿǧƣôһʹڳϵ֮£ͱСޱˡ
ñһγҼĳףܲԹŭ
Ƕϣڳ֮ϣΪֻ֪֮նɱ֮ǿߣȴûпӳӵԴԣΪ϶סϡ


2062 
Ȳͷ˹һΪֳǿǿʳʵԽǿԽܻ˵ͬ
ϵұҪѪȱһĹûе飬ó׼ƣ붾ҩıϵѪ֮࣬ȫʩչ
ԣ粻ŹκһᣬΪ⡰һʮҪִȥϲҲҪˣңһʼͽ϶Ϊˣ
ͦһĳˣһ˿ңɿϵ򾲺ﶼ٣
һƬصУħ˵ϳȥΪΪħǶų˵ΪħԳϵģпϲ֮ʱͻضӰų־ߡ
ǸˣץǸгϣðҵСӣʲô
ľ㣡
켴һҺΪϣһˣǶûлصù벻ǵϵǳ֣һΪʲôȴ˵һ֣Ҳа㶯ͺôš
У
ħ˵һһó⣬ϸϾڵʵħ͸ħϣѪֱӽϵһΪϵʵܹóʵǿ
ǣѵǰħҲΥ
ʼɡ
ϻǵ֣·ûзǰһħһ֣Ҽͳһ룬һ֣Ө͸һЩˮȻЩˮҲһˮ
켴ҼһѪɢˮϣϣ˵ӣһѪɣڣӵгѪǳˣ֮Ȼ
ϵѪɱȺЩ鵤ҩҪյγһѪɢһŨķζУ߽Ծ
Ѫ룡
ˣ
ֵǣϵµѪûˮɢһ
״˽棬ħҲǽüͷ
𾪵Ļں棬ѪĲƣҼεѪΧ󣬳ҼѪҲ˾һ˲ССһϵѪԶ

ֹסҼɻ֣ϽҡҲѪںһ𣬿ǣôҡѪûںһ𣬻Ƿֵÿ
翴һĻֻҪϲǳˣǺ¾ͺðˣкǿʵҪ֪ڳҵĵϣҲһѪڣûвμ֮λˡ
ûлңѪܰ꣬ĿѾɨӣ˵棬Ѫڣ˵гѪǳˣ֮ǰϳ껣ִ
ħģҶˣڸŵԵʱˡ
һ仰ֱڳĳˣȫǳ練Ӧ죬ѹסе˷ܣԳϺȵϣ㾹棬ƴˡ
˵ţͼɱУնϣȴ£ȵ±֤ϲǳ֮ˣ͵ԻʵѾǰԱ𣿡
ڴˣ˵ɱɱ
£
ħ³֣绹ԥ䣬˫һ䣬ֱֱعڵϣһֱϥǷꡱıħǴˣ֪ôѡ
׼ջԼѪʱħ˵š
ԣ
⣬ҪŪס
ϲԼѪ⣬˭֪᲻ᱻãñ˾Ѫأѱ˾ͲѪأһ£˵ץʱɡ
ÿ˵һѪȥ
ħ£ҼУڳÿһ˶γѪЩѪҼһɢ۳һСţĳ
иٵζ٣Ҳı䲻ʵ
е˶ѪֹһĻϵѪ룬Ҽ˵ѪɢܱԵһҲǰ
ʱ˶òԾˡ
ҲüͷЩ˵ѪзʽҲǺеģʵǿУʵǿģҼѪǰ棬ʵľں棬Ȼ
ħȻҲˣʱĳħڲ˷ڴл֣̿ŸӵħԼ֣ȴҲҪѪ
⻭棬ͻȻֱ
һŨ繯ѪԻȴּٵ״̬ħ۾ôѪȥ˲䶼ɢƣһ˲䣬ҲѪһܡ
ħѪλãȴڳҼǰ棬˵ϵѪ
ģ϶ģ
ħЩʧ̬ĽкɫأѪпʲôȴ˵ˣʵ֤ҲǳˣӦǹֶʲôҸȥˡ
ӣԣǲԣ
ħ֪׸ýгʲôܼǳڱֳģһǿӦе󣬵Ĺֺõһ޽еϡ䱦״̬һ
˵ʲô
һʣ󣬡ˡһħ˵ϣ


2063 ʦ
ħ£һأе˶𾪽ԭأҳ಻ѪҺ
ЩУԼ
һֱΪԼǳˣѪҺֻ棬Ҳ֪˵ͷȴû뵽˵ͷȻóħˣǳųϹ¡
һ˲ľ֮󣬳æ˵ħ
ħɫЩʡ
ɣ
ţٴ˵ʲôվ˵
Ҳ𣡡
ħЩȴִŵغ֣תͷǰ˵ʦˣˡ
飿ʦ
˼ֲ²⣬úܹ죬ѵõһСĵ˵ħ᲻ῴˡ
ģģ
ħؽкţȻų˵ܲһѪħõǡ֣һ˶֪ǵĽ֣϶ޱȣҲҶֺ
һ룬˵ͷħһ˳ѪѪȫ棬ħԼģﻹ˵ЩѪʦǰۡ
˵ţ϶ȴϵѪϵķʽ͵˵ǰħΪٴŴ죬ԺйسҵĴ˵
ҵƽƽɾʵƽƽΪţʮŵüΪɳƽʮѾʥΪĹ򣬸ǷͬѰΪȻ
Ȼ֮Ź֮ҪͨȻʣһ֮еȻ̫խˣƽȻĻ˵ط꣬ľˮȻȻ֮С
ֻˣҲ䲻ϳƽľ֮飬Ȼ֮Уڵʱƽ֮񷡣
ʮ꣬ƽ̤ϼ֮λȻûϳƽʱжȹʱ䣻ʱΪﵽ־磬Ѿ˿ֻ֪֪һγѣŵȰ˴Ҫ˳ңƽʲôû˵Ҳûü׼ֻһ˳ȥ
󣬳ƽˣ˰˿Դ˿Դ˴峤ͷ­ƽһ֣˴ŻˣӴ֮󣬰˴ٲ˼
ҪҪƷչȥҺпܳΪµһ壬ͻһ죬ƽʧˣԵ޹ʵʧˣһȥٻأƽȻʧųƽµĻ־ȻǴ壬֮࿹ľֻң壬ʧʷĺ֮С
ħ϶ʦļǰµĶʱĳǰĻ޼ֻ˼ҳƽĳ׳۶ˡ
տʼħûԽԽ˵ѪԶԶ֮ܿ󣬳ħžǺ˳ħѪ¹֮¡
䣬ħѾߵƽǰ˵ʦϣðˡħǵѪ˳ƽϡ
Ѫֻؿڴתۼ䣬ɢȫţƽɢââǳأ˶˵ɳϵȴˡȻ֡
ģȻġ
ħͣ߶ϢתԳ˵ûƭǳˣӵгʦѪˡ
һ˵ʲô
¼أʦסֵģʦֱʡ
ϳĬˣһ飬ԼӳڣѪʱôأⶼҳϹϵԼǳˣƾѪҲħѪԶԶĳ̶ȡ
ΨһĿܣڵڵ¥ʮõǸСƿʱѪԼ壬ȥҲֻһˡ
ǵѪǳʦ֮ѪѪô¥ô¶йϵ𣿡
ʶ࣬ҪµľƣȻǲԸԼǳˣǣⶼԳʦţٲԸҲûа취
ңǲ㡰Ȼâҫʱ򣬳ȷʵоԼѪӦʲôһԯ֮Ѫʦ֮Ѫⶼʲôʲôңʦ᲻Ҳʲô
桭
ҾңгϣгƽҳӰɡ
ϴ˵ħ˺һӦ£ϼ˵ͲѪм٣ĳЩ˵ı
ᡣ
ħ϶˵ΪʦѪħֻ˵һħôó뿪ϵ¼ȷţʦһǾţ
ʲôԸ£ǣ
ҳϹϵʲô£ҾƾһѪѹϣҲ̫Ϸ
ϵ˵ħ˵ӣǶϷⶼʦָϲƽڳռʲôĵλŵ˵ÿһˣСųʦĴ˵ġ
á
˼󣬳ϵ˵ͷӦһѪźܶ࿼ǣгҵʵŪѪ仯֮ʣȵȣħŲܳϵʲô˼ˣ󣬳ħͷָųһ˵Щôã
һӾͰᵽɤ۶ȫڳһ֮䣬󣬳ߵڵأ˵֮
ɨȦ˵


2064 Ľ
˵ʲô˼Ҷ
ҡ
ҰǺ¡ϰֹͣ˵ڳҼ֮λҲʲôʲôӳҵõʲôҲħģȻҵͷ˵䣬ֻҪǷʵҪȻԣǰǸʵٴΣ벻Ž֣֮Ծȴ˶ɳˣ֮ܽıˡ
ӽѵǡ
ҼӦɫ䣬ϼ껺ͳΪλ䵽³Ǽö࡭
ҷģԲд·
ϿףĿе࣬ɢҰĵĹâ˵͵óʵɱ˵ʵ۷˵ʵңҰģӦýֹڳҼ֮λɰٴݲΪ󣡡
Ѿ˵ôЩֺõĻ󣬳Գħ˵ǲ˵ʲôʲô㶼ͬ⣿

ҪǸ񡣡
ָʦ񣬳ħһ£켴˵ʦԼҪӴߡ
ã
ϽʦŽսӴȻ֮ʱЩȽŽ磬һ
쾰󣬳Ȼ˼ǧѹˣȻֳħ˵Ӧġ鷢ı仯óˣ˵֮ǰ̸õ飻ңԤħԳ£ġ
£ħųȥߵſʱϺͣ½Ųתͷ˵ӵԴҴģ֮ڣϹԴ
˵⻰ϲٽʲôֱȥһЩ˶ԳϵĻЩĪҼɫЩ΢䣬ʱħҲ˳ϹϹµĳƺ
£ħҲӰһˣȴˣϹϹ֡
Ҷô꣬ϹʲôͣˣϹҪôɱĻˣõڡ
ôаյ˵˵ʵ˵ϲǳħץģ뵽ɱ˵ĳǻ˸׵ǽ˽ȭͷйâųϸղ˵Ļ˵ǽ̸ģһЩͬ
º󣬱
һЩ֮Լ仰ȻΪ壬ӲʩΪԺ̵档
صǴĵطħóһó轫켴ָľ䡢Сսһħָɲʲô˶ܵõģҪǳǵĹϵħŲܣмҾмңվڻ֮һǿߣ⼫侫׼̶ͽǲɻž⡣
˾ͽ״̬ħȴָˣֻ˾ͽ˵ĥ«оǺ«ܲѰ϶
Щ¶󣬳ħصߣ˵ӣʲôʣ֪޲ԡ
֮صĹֶʲô
ˣҲأ
أ˻
ϴΪȣħ˵ǹֶû֮ǰˣûͻһ磬ȵʱһͱɻء
û
ԽߵĵطԽΣգڲͣضѼһ̶ȣûͻƣҲͳôΪģôصģҲΪһûǸ磬ЩҲֻģģȷ¡ղҸĶһ黹ûεóص
ħ˵Ե̾һΪЩδͻƵ̾ΪԼ̾ΪϣҲôһ١
Ľ٣
۹Ժ࣬˻ٻأеضṳ̂ȥ˻ģУǻľǸɽؼԪ֮أ
ħ͵ǰ˭ģȴΪһΪһأǣ㲻ɣȴסõҩӳҲǸ֮ʣҩҲӣֻҪţӣԸָķʽңгңеˣԣòƴƴлĿܣƴˡ
ǹֶЩʶô¶
һˣĸʵ׿ȻֶΣڻĹУԼ˯ȵһĶѣҶڤڣӦþл֮ú⣬ҲһܳɹһܻᱻֹǶȷʵãǿвдĶ
ħϵĿ⿴裬æ˵ģ֮ȫһκ⡣
ֲǶܹģֻЩģҲֲѭſռȥڳǰ
Щ⣬ⷬͺ󣬶˴𰸣ʣˣνʮҪʮĹֶ𣿡
ţʵħô˵ض£ôǿߴ𣿡


2065 ֮
ֻ˲ܻأֻҪ۵һ̶ȣͶᷢ䣬ǳ˵ıԴʯȵȣҲһ֣û̶ֳȡ
ħᵽԴʯһݣھŪԴʯֻҪݽߣǱҪж٣ټȥ԰ת˲ָء

ҲǿСɽԱɸɽ۷壻СɴٳΪľԭҲһֻֻۣҪڣ
ħ˵Խһ£ħһֳصĿ˵ң¼УֻƬ˵ܾúܾǰƬ񷱾ģһ࣬λħ࣬в硭
ɻء
ֻƬʦµģ

۾ž⣬ᵽôֵ𣿡
ûС
ħҡҡͷҲʦֵģҲʦ²ģȻ²ʦʧǲǾΪȥ࣬ƳͻƵȥˡ
ⷬƽҲûʲô⣬ɳȴֵֹĸоôǾ춯أ˵֮ٸ˵Ϣϵƽˡ
ʲôûϵôӣʲôǳܣռȵȣң̵Ҳ࣬Ķ࣬Ȼ֪ħ˵Ҫ۵ʲôʱŻᷢ䣬ʣȥһ죬ᵽﱥ״̬
ʱ죿
ţҪ̣ҲǸܵģϵӣ࣬ˡ˸࣬ڲֻ֮һ·
ԣϿ϶ҪȥǴ̶̣
ȻУ֪죬˭
ͷһᶨоַЩ仯Ҹˣϸϸһܣ֪ڵΪһĻ۳̶ȣֵһҪһصĻֻأ
ԳһЦȻЩ֪ˣǲãѹ̫󣬲ҵѹΪءͻ뵽֣ǰˣûеĳ̶ȣҪҵҵʲôãУŪľ磬ǲǾΪǸֶǳ˹ֶ֮⣬Ŀģ
ʱʵħ֪𣿡
ʲô֣
֪˭ԯԸǬڻʵ֮࿹𣿡
ԯ֮ļ֪ɴ󲿷Ҳͣԯһ棬ʱʧܹļأҲԽԽ٣оñȽ϶ģҲԯµĸڡ
ħһս͵ػʣֵλ⣬ӣ
˵һ˵
ħ˽Ķ˵˳Ͻȫ׽ģ˵֪½ôһ¶Ǳ˭ģ
֪ħҡҡͷǰҵעûз棬Ⱥȥʱȫңڲʱ򣬻вٴϢϲ㣬Ҳˡ
ڵĻ治һˡ
뵽ڣϱ뵽ȳħ˵˽Ǭڵʵ½ôģ
½ȷʵ֣ǲĻ⡣
Щ
Ļǲƣֻڴ½⣬Ļƣ뷨ģϢˣʲôµֲ϶ǶϳҵȫҲǶ֡
ϸ˼ħģɱȵ˵ϸˣҲΪ׼ȷ½ĻΪɵģӼõϢ󡣡
ѹ˼ϳһºҪ£˭
ħһüͷʵ֮ǰмأӵļغһ𣬾ܷ֣ÿһӶǲһģеʱʵߣҶ֣еģʵܵͣһֻ־ܽڵӣʵͲ̫ǿԣǶ²⣬ӲһˣǺܶˣֻһš
ħôһ˵ʱ뵽˼ֻħֵӵʵжͣܵ٣в֪ʲôĻУӳʲôֻ֪֪ˣЩȥҲ֪ʵҲ֪վ˭
ΪܴӳħõӵʵԶȴû뵽Ӷںܶ˵һգҲӿ϶ľΪ档
Ϊʲô졭ӡ
һ뵽ʲôȴûץסһ˼󣬳ֵ֮ʲô磿
֮
ħԥ˵Ͼ׽֮桢šġ顭
󣬳ʵ֮أ
Ҳֻ֪Ҫͻ˺֮ض֪
ͻƣ֮Ӧʲô
ħ֯һԣ˵֮Ȼ죬쵽ͷȻͻ̤һ磻ܹ֮֮տռ䡭
տռ䡣
϶ӦһԼҪǰħô˵ΪҲǽڻ֮֮֮䣬ȻҪʵǾͲһˡ
һ½Ϣʵһ⣡
뽲
Щ磬˭ƶģ˭ģ


2066 ˣ
֮ǰʵ⣬ѾóħЩԾˣɶ֪һ㣬˵һЩɳһ⣬óħɵˡ
˺ð죬ħҡҡͷ˵ľ绮֣ʹڣ˭ƶĲ֪˭ģҲ֪
Ǿ͹ˡ
ˣ
ħɻ󣬡֪ˣ
ʵԭΪħشԼ׳ɵģȴûϵħҲ֪ħ֪飬˵ΪĻ֣Ī
ȥ֪ʲôֻҪ֪Գ˵Ȼˡ
֮󣬳ϼǻҲȥţֻԳħ˵ӦвɣҪе֮
á
ħҼȥ죬һǾͽһ۵֮Դ͵˳ǰ϶ۡı飬ҪЩԴڳӵϣ϶ٸ֡
ɨһȦ²ħΪľӰ죬϶ûнǸ޵Լ޳ܸǣǳҼҲ⣬ҪȻھͲıˡ
ӣô
޷һ֣
֪ħʲôȴᶨػһ˵ƾǵʵҲǲ鲻ǱߵɣȻ˲ٵǳԴʯ
˵꣬׳һǳԴʯԴʯֱӳһСɽҼһǳħҲһ¡
˽ԾУ˵ħֵǾչˣȥһˡ
ӣȥ
ħ񣬸Ͻ˵Ӱһ˵ãһȡϹĹͷ£ѾСʧ޾ռС
һ·֮ʱСڽ·Ĺ¶˳ϣ۾ֻٶȸڣʱĥųʦͬʱʱ봫о
ڳϸ·ʱȴһƬҵرŵԼһڳϣ֤ʵӵѶһӦǱ𣬶ǿ־壬ҪܣϾնɱӵˣҪɱǣʵ̫ˡ
֮ף£鵽ף˵һ֣֪֮ϢҲǳϣɳȥ˳ңʧǿɲóȻңֻн֮ϹʱȴʧӰôҲϵϡ
һ˽ͷö֪֮ʱһһţſ˺ɫޱȣ˵Դ
ͬʱҲš
ǱߣȻϣҳ鲻ɳһӿԾûҪǳϽںһһַʤ֮С
ֱһˣһֻ񣬷֮ں󣬾Ʋı䣬ҲûȥƳڵĻڴ󣬶Դڵ½֡
ڵĴ½Ȼʲôͼ½ǿȥĻҲҪѲʱ䣬ңҪ潫ͬ½һٵҲӵͼ
ʱ䣬½쿴һſʼ֣ҲֵúܣŪһԨһϿȣ⴦ĸɽ󺣣Ǵ̹;еĲľеȴһЩʯ񡭡
ЩֶΣ˵ҲǾˣǣǼΪƽ֮£˲⣬ȴʣΪ˵ʱһҼһһж˷Ը
Ī˵˲⣬ڵ˸ǲ⣬ԭΪˣɳ´Ϣȴһ˶ɻ֣󣬵ܿʦ
ܿʦüһҲûĶҲ˸ţǣܿʦ֪ˣһǴֱʵԸԸڻҵѰһ
⣬ʲôΣգ
֪
һܿʦش𣬵ǲԸʹڵĻҵһôĽѣǶȹˣһΣЩֻǹ죬û¶ʲôΣյľôԸ⣿
˵ڴڵҪˣǴڵĵλȵȣȫһ𣿸ҪǣߣҲһܹߵõ
ڵӴϢԣصԸڹ
Ļشܿʦ֮Уܿʦ˵ôҲܣҲܲţǣһܿ뿪
ܿʦҪ󣬵ҲǮڴ˻˾٣һΪܿǣҲԷһдѣҲǮЩӡ
ܿʦӦ£ȻܿʦҪ֮ܿʱܿȴߣɱǳϻѰҪǾʹˣˣ϶ѰţҲ֪ȥѰϡ
ѵͲ𣿡
˵Ҫһġ
ܿ˵仰ʱ½ʱϵǹƥϹ־Ļ棬ܿʦ˵ˣҲⲻⳡѡ

ܿ˵ûʲôɣųϣܿߵףֿ˿ʦ𣬹ڵϣߵͷ˵ʦЩҪûǧٻأʦӱӦӣǣʵýʦȫ
СӣѾĽ١
ܿʦ˵һת˵ҲգҾСӵкͣ
ͬʱվϣ½֣ˡ


2067 
½֮ϣʱ䣬ô޴ıһģ˸ĵģҲֻһС֣΢һ֣ڱ½½ûʲô
ڹһ
һ
˵˵
Ź˽һ仰˵½仯Щ΢ĸı䣬ر仯УȴߵӳһʵȴܺƵ
Ȼ½ϴڵˣȫлȥ׼˵ǳΪ˵һ֣һڿ⻭棬ȲѣԭֻǺ;ôȴû뵽ܱ˿ֲܣӳ˼⣬ԼУҲӲһ
һĵ
ӳ˵ֲʣֻؿţĵطһƬޣ
أûˡ
ӣڻûлٵĴϲȦ粨ˣһһӿڣڣز˵λá
׼ƴɣڴҲزסˣ
ܿʦ϶˵ڹ˵Ǿ仰ʼʱܿʦ͸оˣʱƽܿʦǷ֣ϵھҵز
ϣ˵
ܿʦ𵭵˵ܿһ˫ȭݺݵ˵ͷСҲнƿգнУžŵζܿʦСһ˼ֹĻ⵹ǡ
ûмȥѾڶҡˡ
ͬһ˲䣬ڼϵĳϣ͵һ𣬸Ͻȥһ㣬ɫ䣬֮ǰ㲻׵ĵط˿֡
ɾ⼸֣ϾĪˣоһۻ㵽˴ڵıһ棬£϶С˵ȫڡ
ʱСʮɫâһԱǶҪٶȣȥ
ͬʱĴ½Ѿհķ֮Щǰӿӿ֮У˿ʼغϣɸΪִ
ӿһ㣬ֻʣ¿һʱĴأ˺¡ըµĻڴڵε֮䣬顣
ġһڴڵӣ⻭棬ɫޱȳأԵġΪףʩչܼȥɸס
ܿʦüͷһֱţּΪϤĸо
˿̣ѾţתڴϿգļ״ԾգҪ˺ȫնɱʱ˵˵̧ͷ
䣡
춯һը죬ըǿޱЩӵĻڴֱӻΪޣУһԴγ
ͷ
ͷԽԽ󣬴һ֣֮ؾͻٵһٷ֣Ծնĵļ״һݣûȥᣬնȥ
˲Ϊ⡣
ŵӣηնȥǣȴˣожţʲôֲ֪
ʱܿʦ𾪺
ʲô
ܿʵСѾ˳ȥǿܿʦûлشӵ⣬ֱߣ뿪졭
ʦҲ뿪
ǸҲûõģ
ߣ
ţܿʦȴǳˣС岻ǧ׷Χ֮ڣܿʦȴǳ˽ȥһƼó
һֱڵϻһǣӴĵ˵㲻ʲôʹȴõſ졣
죬ĵʱܵſڸҧ˼״˵õɱǣӦúҡ
ɨܿʦһۣٴ˵
ڹҪһʱһӰƿնѾУھҪպϵĵĸ˳ֽҪͷȥܿʦ
֮ܿʦ˭졭
ʦǳϡ
ܿЦݣ˵ֱȥ˵ʵڻܿʦͦˬϵģΪܿģܿĽ٣ܿء
ϿܿȻǼޱȣһѽܿץסģܿʧһµľƣټȥܿʦҲŭڲ̸˵ʱӦþܳȥܿߡ
ݾܾȴܿİ£ܿʦ𹧾˵ллǰЩܿչˡ
ôϻ
ǰȻҪƽ
Сӣ󻰲˵ġ
ܿʦˬˣɳܿȴڲͣصͷȻų˵ĻܿСҲڲͣͷСڵϢЩأղź˲
ȳ˵Ѿתڣҧϳղžǳ֮ʳһϵĹˣһ£ǳ֮󣬹¶ЦݣȻ㣬ãжҲĶ֣Ҫ㣬Ҳ׷ˡ
Ͽҧ£СڷŵܿȭͷҪغڶͬʱܿʦⲻͨϵνȫûããķ
лǰˡ
ϻͷһЦȻȭȥܿʦȴǽй˳ϡ


2068 
ϱǲӹȵģǣܿʦһ⣬ҪپܾЩˣǺϽȽС
ץŹȣϵȴ֣ǲ׽ܶооᶼ᲻Ȼܴڹ֮С
Ǹö˵ţﻹţҲ֪ôƵģҪؽҲܹĻǾ̫ˡ
ţϵĶȴǲƺڹ֮УȷâȥܿʦĹˣס
벻СӾȻۻ
ôŨҵõ
󶯣עӵýû似ֻǺݺݵȥһңֱԴҵһߣ³һЩ֪ʲôͷĶ
ã
ǮڴܿʦȷʵЩϲɫȴûаɣһ̣Ѿ֮ǰ˵ЩΪʲôˡ
Щ۵ĲãȴҪ½½ֻͬ˵Ĳãǽ½еһУ۳һ
ֶΣܿʦûǷʵҲֻ˵ңҲ켣Ҫܵɣڤڤ֮лήĪѵġ
켣ˣ˵Ǹĵ½Լ½һ켣ˣ˷ɾǲʦܳܵġ
ܿʦһ룬ڵĻڴǹƵģ࣬߸֮ǿߣǿƳǣƫƫôֵһʦңֶεĲʦɳ߸֮ǿ߾ʲô¶һпǸʦӦԷɡѵİ취
İ취ֶξڴˣۻ룬ֻ¡
ܿʦû꣬ٴδһ֣
£ܿʦ뵽ǰ֣Ժȴǡ
Ҫʲô
ܿʦոʳ˴𰸣оԼסˣ߶ˣܿʦٻͷһܿһ˵ϣãȻ֮ɫ
˲䣬һƬʦ켣ͨ˵켣ڱ֮УȻǵתһǣǵȴ˱С
ʱܿʦ𿴵ںСڣһ˿ȣȴûȥƴ߶켣ֿšܡ
׵壬ܵӰģϻӹȵٶȣһо֮Уۻ룬ֻҪסҲֻ־ܵķݣӵĶ֣𣿡
Ȼͣ־Ǿ֮£ҵ켣Ƭ񷣬ôסңʱϽԺڶʽת
Ȼڶһתǹ֮Ϊţϣÿһ£һǣ˵ƻģǾţһë

ɫϵǿϣûбסͣʱ˸ϲȻ򣬳Ͼǰȴ޽ǿвȥ˷ɣѪ
ûоɥ¶ЦݣĪǴҲ֮ˣĻʸӵĶ֡
ţȴһ٣ֻ񣬳ץȥһӰʧһֻצץ£ӳؽؽһնȴնˡ
ҲȻצٴץԴ׹ֻͨռ乥ģʵ֮ʵ֮һ㣬Ϸſ磬ռ䣬ͬʱ˵ܲռ֪צӿɲԶࡪ֣
֣ҲȣʵʹӾҷϵ֮ڣɫ԰һߣųռ䣬ڿռеĴѾô⣬ȵóϹϮֱϽԿռ൲ǸסӰΡ
˿ɫ˼֣Ҫ㡣
ǰҸоģôģţϽܿʦ𣬡ǰγɵģ
󡭡½
ֻ³֣ܿʦҲ²ͷɲ֮ò԰ޱȣܿϽзסʦ𡭡
ʱܿæµҪʦƣܿʦҡҡͷ
½֣տʼûʲôоȴͻԼĲ²⣬²½᲻켣ܹܲ㣬ٽǰһϣһЩ
ԭˣúݣ
˵ţʵڣӿһͷʱЦ˵ݵĻں棬ٲ֣ҾİŮˣˣһһǰ
㣬еġ
Ц˵һߣǲײĲᡣ£ʦܿﴫоɾʱСվŹ˺һ
һܿڵоȫʧ˴󾪣ֻҲûбסԣһֻӣǡǡ
Ѫ罦˲ٲ㣬ȴǶҿϽ֣ɱֻӣ
ǻֵƴɱ֮У˺ѣãȻ֮״ʧþӣɱȻֳһɱϣһնӡ
ҲæµһأǶæ
նϵĿڿҪӽʱȴɵֻۣӰһΣȻ̤ڣ


2069 
Գ˵ͷһΣǣ֮ǰ۵лȫһǹ
Ͻ֮ЩҲûһѣΪԾ֮ǰһ䡰ҡȻԶһеաͨϻȲӣǶȹ˵ڶ֮ٵģӵ磬֮ϲͣĴй֮޲
Ϣ˲䣬ҾĿʧȥ֧ţֱص䣬նСڵģСֻһһۣЩ˾񱻷ĵݣڿдŹ䲻õء
˿̣ȴţΪʲôأ
һһȥֻ·кĸְ嵲ס˳ϵǰ·ҪһˣǴ粽ܽɳϣԹΪ̣ȥͬʱͣԼڳϾĵطһЩɫĶЩҲ۳һ

ͶҲˣ¶ϲͶǲ֪Ȼôɹ˲ûзɣһ֮Ȼһ˵ȷʵܺʹ½ȣǣӵĶ֣켣⵽ɣⷴɣɲһ£ôĹ죬Ӧý㡣
£ƬжøˣеĳҲȥΪϣ½ôһ¶
֮ϸоɽľࡢħ޵ȵȸִڵԺﻹ˹ִڵĻ档
ǵôۺһģʱ޿̲˼ôһģǿɲΪЩˣ
ϱǵΪ֮ԼƬ񷣬ôͷȻ£Լγɵ½
½ȷʵ󣬳˰죬Ҳôһ㣬ȴ̵֣Ĵ½̵֮һ𣬲ڡ
֣
˺ܾãȴоȥ޾һ֮ռ䣬ʱ䣬ţͻؿǰһСӡ
Сɫȫһͨûʲô𣬳Ҳ֪ʲôǣأ֣Ҫժӡ
ҲôժϾ͸оԼڴɵĴ֮ȡһƬҶӣȻֻǸоɷ棬ʵʵĴڡ
رǣӻṥųϵҪ׳
ң
µḷ̌һγûз̻ȥڤ˼һӽȥ̣˵ҵô̵ģҪϢġ
Ȼ뷨⣬ϻ뿴Լжۻ룬ԼҲֻ֪ۻ룬ǳۻ룬ж٣ȴ֪
һ󣬳ϱҪȥǰУȻӲãһ˵ǲóϵ뿪Цߣ㻹ס
ֱӽСӴ󣬶ϵСһצŲ˵ǰ
Ȼǰӣϰǰ
ԽǰӾԽ࣬һϾ;˾žŰʮһӣ۳СצѾûˣβȥ˲١
ǰ滹𣿡
ϼǰУλãǵЩӸĸоһЩɽЩˮЩǻ𣬵ȵȵȵȡ
ЩӵĲ֣н
ֻСʱĹ򣬾˶ٰʮӣҲֻʣһԴˣüͷţʱҲŪЩӶ˵Ҫ׼ȷһ˵ڣγɣôγɵģȴò⣬Ҫǳ֪ǵõϢϻ²⵽ڣֻãȻˡ
Գ˵Ѿˡ
ҪģҲ֪Ǹø˻ǸõǵĶô࣬ĸоȻ֣ۻ룡
Щж٣
ԼȴûоȥǰаʮһţжٰʮţʮĿţʮģһͷɺϣԢʲô
ʮģ
أ뵽һļһʮ壬ͷ
£ϣҪص֮ףߣӦǸѣɶԳ϶ԣ𲻴ƴ֮£ûʱ䣬͵˴½λá
Ӧûһӡ
ϸĲڲҵʱæµĹˣ½״죬ɹ˵ںͷҲʼףܿʦŹˣ˰Σ֮֮ҪƬ½죬һˣԣǻˣ˵˭
һ룬ܿʦԳϾ͸ûģƫƫڻûг쳣ܿʦҲò׼ô죬ʱڴ½֮ҵ˵ʮӣ


2070 ȡ֮
ʮӣǰʮĿӶҪ󣬻ʵζʱϻԵظоӴһǿҪ
Ҫ̣Ҿ͸㡣
ϽͷԼۻһ͸ӣתۼ䣬ͷʧϵҲ̾飬ϻ벻⣬ӵλã̺
һһľȥף˰죬׵棬ʱ۾һ˵ЩӣЩ󷨵Ľڵ㣬ģСɴΪġ
Ҫʹһӻ
ûȥڣȴʳ˵ڶ⣬ҪҽЩӣ󷨽ڵ㣬ȫĻֻ
ʣǲ֪ģر֪ԣ۾Ŀһ͵֮׵ĴУֱŴӵģ켣ȥ
켣дѣֻҪһ㲻㶼Уκγ̫ۻ룬ϲͣ켣֣Ƕ켣ǰͷȥ
ˮܴʯ˵ϵǰ񣬺ܿ죬켣ڴ½ﴩ󣬴½ҡڲѣȴ÷ҲδԴ½ʲôָʹ
˿̹ϵ飬ЩˣȻʲô齫ɣͷڷҲ˽һ롣
½֮ҿΧҪǳϾ켣ȥӣǲ֪ҪѾٹ򣬲Щ֮ǰɹϵйɳϼΪϤϢóϺܿҵ
һôǳǰû뵽ġ
һӱҵһʮʮ٣һʮӾֻʣʮûмʱ½ӱü󼫴
ʼСĻڱϼǴߣϵĹˣҪһɿ½ı仯ɻ
Ƭ½˴֮⣬ȫ֮ڰˣһڽȥҲܱô󣬺οЩ˶ǺúõģǾֻʣһܡϣ
һӾ˹ϵеɻ󣬲ûʧϵﵽһأʹô󡭡Ǻ£ǣȴпʹࡣ
£Ĺˣˣǣȴ֪Բܷȥһָ죬һָأȵɣ
£½׿ʼжȥһʱƤһܿʦ״󾪣йֹ½ɱ䣬ǣĹȣѾ˳ϡ
Ŵ½ɱ䣬ӴӣǱС˲٣ķָתһͷڰͷݿƮ
ǺǾͿͷƬ˲֪õգʼСˣԽԽСұСգҲŤ״ΣҲһ
˲ûΣڻţͬʱڵŵɱɣɱ䵽ٶѾ˺ֱܶ࣬˵һϢǧ
еĳϣȻǸо˴½ı仯ʵֹ½ɱ䣬Ҳô½ԭҲôģǣڳϽʮȫɹȵط֣֮ǰ̽ȥС໥λ֮䣬Ҳϵ
ΪʲôҲ֪γԼֻ潫½ƣһ֣Ҳֻǵ֮á
ڣϷ֣Ȼȡ֮
Ҳ֣óϸ˼ƻӿСϵ̫ԶӲϱС䳤֣ͬʱ˳ƶΪ½С̡
½ϵӣˣĸ½ɱ䵽ʱСѾٶ鲿λӳһ塣
˿ԤһЦ⣬ȴֲ͵ĸоܾ⣬˷ǳָоɾǲ鲻⡣
ȵô½ɱ䵽βʱСͷûһʮĿ鲿λ壬Ȼ壬Ѱͷȥ
ɱҪɣɫȴǴ䣬½ϾģȻ㲻͸ϣֲĸоѾԽԽŨٲɣ˴ȣŻ
ʱƬüС죬һӻһ½˵ͷѾ֮ȫȻںض档
֮飬Ϊ󣬵ǵͷһƬ˺ҹһȫüͷҪҹıʲô
ɾʱһڿգȫĿⶢ½ֻ½ɢһϢ˿̣СΪһ֮ʱ½ȡ֮
һСȴԾնֱڰգϵֳӭġŻ


2071 ˣʧ
˿ɱ鲻ԽأѪˡ
Ѫ֮У˵һ˫۾ôŵȫ𾪣𾪴½ȡ֮𾪳ϵ𾪳ϻúúõģû¶һ
ϵջ񣬿ɲȡ֮ô򵥣ԭ̾µ½˸ĴڣںˣںС˳֮
ĶҲˣ֪ȥ켣֪켣ڹĵط֪˴½γɵġ
Щô㣬ǳ϶øˣͺñһϤ󷨵ˣȴһǳ󷨣ԭֻ֪ο󣬵ȴ֪ɱУ¡
˿̣Ͼȥײ֮
ʱ֮۵
˼״һѪգͷֻʣķ֮һûаף֮˲ɰ˻ۣײʱڽŻһ
ɳϵСֻǽצ̧Ȼ֮ȥ
˺Сӣҵ£
һ仰ô˵ģһʮᣬ֪ʲô˼𣿾˵㹻Ĵʲô似ֻ֮࣬н˵仰棬ֻ
ϻ䣬۱ˣСצһģͽ֮ľŻɢˣ֮ĵȥ
˿Ѫ϶Ѫ
ﻹںţôۻ
˲ȥҲٺȥ׷ȥȵϣô󵨣֮ɱ
㲻ǱҸʹֶκʵϺʹ𣡡
ЦҲ¶Цݣ˵ɱɣɱˣˣ㲻ܺұȵģΪȴֺ֮ܶˣҪۣ
˭˵Ҫɱˣֻ
Ҳ˳Ӧ
ܲ˼ǡһУ֮ˡ
˵仰Ժ˲ؾ۳֮ٿСòǷǳƣֻС
һʱ䣬ܶණϴ˲ʡ
һ䣬³ٶȸ죬˲ͽ֮ץʱִ˵ˣ˳˵һ䣬һͷ׷ѿ
ޱȡ
棬ܿʦѾһһлعοЦݣæܿ˵֣֮ܿͣ
Ϊʲô
ܿΪϵǿ˲ѣͻʦ˵Щ񣬴ʡ
ˣ
ܿʦ³һ֣ܿѾ׹Щʦ𣬳ҩ֮⣬ľѼˡܿϣҡҡͷصʦ˰ɡ
һ֪֮ܵöˣֵôѼ֮ˣֹ֮Ƕģܡ
Ҫ
ɵֲ˺ǿˣҲԸõذ𣿡
ǲҪ
Ϊʲô
ܿʦʵûˣʳ֣ʵ벻ͨܿΪʲôܾܿųһЦ˵Ҳϲ¡
ͣ᲻ϲģúô϶˵ý
С
ܿҡͷҪĶΪԶģ˵Ҫ֮һҪ̵ġĻİ⣬ǲڵִš
Ľ٣
Ұ
ܿʦ֪Ͳþ㡣Թһ䣬ܿʦĵٴȰҪ֮ȷʵд鷳ģֹһѡ
ܿͷһЦѣͬڡ
ˣܿʦȰתͷųϣʹ֮֮Ѿ֮ټһͷ
˿ӷµţⲻ棬ڻ𣬻𣡡ţתҪӣ·ĳϣӰһȴڹ˵ǰ˵Ƭ죬߾ߵ𣿡
ӣ
һȣͷʩչˡ֡Ĺ񣬾ȻӺҹ˳ֱϣȳʲôԱͬʱһǣӰʧ
ûԱռץȥǣռûй˵˿ټһüͷ˵ǿ鶫ʲô
ʱϲżغڶԱܶУڵк󣬳ֲһ˿죬ûеĥȥƬհףʼС˵ûˣûˡ
£վܿߣܿĵЦţ·ûиоµı仯ʱ֮Ҳ֮̾һɲ䣬ͷϵĺҹҲѹ
ţ֮ϳȥһ룬ϽüһоԼŨСڣҲһޱʵơ
ȥεõĺôܿʦ˵ûˣҲûˣˣｫʧ
ʧ
Сӣ㴳ģ취뿪
ܿʦسϴ𣬳ϻִʧʵʧʲô˼
ʲô˼
ܿʦһʣźҹѹ£հʧҲ˭ҲӲߣ½ûдڹ
ˣȴ¶Цݣ˵뿴ܿʦ𷢻𣬳ϾͽȫȥˣֻСڻصĻС


2072 
û죬ûеأеֻǳϿ塢͸벻׵ɻ
Ͼվźҹѹ£ſհϣȫȫһޱȵĻ𣬿ɳԺȴǻظ½ϱ׵γɵĻ档
һһһ죬һ𣡡
澳ţ˼ܿʦ˵ĻһƬռûˣʧˣվĵطô㣿վͣʱô㣿ʱռ𣿡
ֻһ䣬Ǻҹӿ˰ٱٶѹ£հҲǷֱϣеĳϣȴûиоѹĴڣȴԽԽԾ
ܴܲʧ֮аɣ
£Ϸſ磬̾뿴Լʲô棬ųϵ̾ԽԽ٣ɳȴںˡػµĿհףµĿհס
հʲô
֮ʣΪ̾ģˡհס⡰հסǳ졣
תۼ䣬·Ŀհף˳ϵĽţĺҹȾ˳ϵķΧĺҹͿհȫһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣ·ԭģûйԼƬ½ķ¡
ֻгһ㣬ûʱҲо˺ƴײӣĺҹʣɷӳܣȴĪ
ҪǣϵҲڱеһüͷǧ⣬̧ţĺҹհȥ
ʱ򣬳ϵ绹ţ̤ȥӴĺҹͿհȻҲȥʱϾ͸оǿʵϢʼľǡ
µںϣµӣмںҹҲڿհףһµ
һһţʮϢĹǿʵϢͲٱ仯ϼ̾ҲûãɻޱȣǰվλãҲҹͿհռݡ
Ƭ½׵׵ʧˡ
ںڰߣԽԽѣһָоҪȥҪҹͿհƴɱݣϲƴɱŪ顣
ԣϱһѡҹհס
ǰѭ֮ʱùҹߵģˣ̤ҹ֮УһҹϾ͸о˿ռĴڣоǳܣоԪ
ϱŸղĳ˺ü֮󣬳Ͼþˮðģۺһݣһˣݱɢռԭݵλá
Ҫ½͵ضûˣֻ
Ժ鲻Խһͷҹȥ뿴ҹ֮ʲôһ֮󣬳ϸоϴڣĻ
뵽һЩе㼤ɣȭȥʱ޿̲ܻŴ½ÿһϢÿһ˲ڱǿġغڶĻ
ȭ䣬Ļ𵴣̶һͺڶеһƴѾ˲ô࣬һԾ˺ڶ档
ڶ֣ڶУۿĴֻ˷һƬڰ½ĺҹûʲô
ٷȥϿɽľ㣬Ⱥ˸߶һƬµĴ½
ţâֱڴ˳ϣ˳ĺڶ𣬡˭նϿշ
նɣôϤͷתϤԺδԭնɣնɵɸĻǾ˵½ˣ
е𾪣Ѿ˲㲨ˣڵĴ½½ɲ˺ԶԶм仹˲ٵĴ½
ΪƬʧȴ½أ
ǰʵǰġݡ²⣬ƫʱתͷǸڶôһĹ򣬺ڶѾС˲٣֮ǰڶ̵Ķڶ˸ԭƵġ
ңǰڶԽԽС̵ĶҲԽԽ࣬ǳĹâ˽ȥ·Ѿ˾֪λǰӴ·
˵꣬ϾʹӸ߿ֱֱ£䵽Щ˵İΧȦУɨһۣΧʮˣ֮һ̫ǿߣԪǿߣʮ˶Ϊʵ½˵Ѿ㶥ˣԻͼڴ½ǻĳ˵һԽĺ蹵ڣЩ̫
½

Եûǵģû뵽ȴǵĵ̣
ǰǡ
̫Ϊǿߣ̧ͷųϣԴʱը쿪ǳϣ
ҵȷʵЩ󡣡
Цţ·һЦֱͻˣԭЦΧųϵһˣɫӦ¶ϲõ飬˿ȴ˿Ц
ԭȻΪϡ
ʱ·ӰȴһôôЭĺӣӿһȺնɵΧųϣûʵ˭Ҳ̫žǿ˵ֱų˵Сӣѵ֪ҪͻƣӼѪģ
ôͻƵģ
ͻв²⣬һۺڶ
ЭЦһ£˵֮ǰһġ£ϳΧųϵʮˣȵҪ


2073 
Ҫ
ٲЭĺӾȵɨԼĵһȦ˵ʶ
ʶ
̫žǿ߶˵ʵѣ
ǡ
д飿
ûС
ûлҪƨͻƵĵƻӵĺ顭
ţѾڳǰһֱ£ӿûнϷֻһģĵ·ϣӵȴһƬۣ³һھѪһӾͲ԰ޱȣȻһ
࡭
ϱҪ֣֡ԺȴǸֳƬ½ʧҹհױĻ棬˵Ӽ״ϲæ£Դ֮ʱӵȴҲ䲻£ƾþѹȥ볷ȥȴֳ
ͻƵǻ֮ܵһҲ̫׳գǸڶûʧ᲻֪أŸͻƶʵƴһƴ
ϵã˱ģҪ鷳ö࣡
˭
Ӻ̫žǿæشϡ
˭
ӱչ꣬ϢһŲ֪ȻҲ֪ϣ̫žǿ߸Ͻϵ¼Ÿ˵һ飬ֱ꣬һѪ
㲻˵ôˣôǵ𣿡
Ӵţ̫žǿ߿Цã˵ţɺӲᣬʱ˵ĵĻǷڤ룬ڡ⣬˲ĥǧһ֣

ӻϵѪ⡢ͷȵȫʹòҺѣҴˡ
Ϣ䣬һѪߣӺӵĶͷ£ѪԣҰףμʱӲ˵˵Ҳ֣Ҫס
ӵôûˡ
̫ˣңҵǰС
ʲô߰ġ
㻹𣿡
룬Ȼ룡
Ǿ˵
ǰʵ⣬æʹ֮࣬ǰ˵˳˵һô򲻿ʱоؼһ˿仯ץסͻơ
һתףץסؼһ˿仯Ƭ½ʧ½ġ족仯µģҲû뵽һ֮ǿߡ
һɺϣȴɺ֮ŵһЩͬѰζϲẺӣն˵ʲôϵӣ֪٣
ϴ˻һʳΧˣӵɫˣӱɫһ䣬ָֻ˺ڰ̫žǿԥţ֪ô˵

ϵ¼Ϊˣ̫žǿ߶˵ˣһģ˵֪Ҳֻ࣬Ǵӿʼһֱѵ£ֻҪһʲôǶ
ô֪ǲӡ
Ҳֻ֪֪վǰǾͻ֪
üͷ˵ĺǼٵģʵΣÿμʲôӣ
һΣǴڱأûš
˵һ˵
£һ潫ϴμӻ棬˵һ飬Ͻ˵ϵ˼棿
֮ǿߣնʵ
ͻЦ˵뵽նǸϣΪǰЩȣ̫ˣûȥ᣻һ˻û仰˼ʱʩչһǡն֮
̫žǿߴ󾪣ôն
һʩչһУȫֻһϢʱ䡣
£նʮתһϢʮ˲ָնʮâӲͬնһɨȥ¶ЩȣЩϢ½ģǿ򱶣⣬ʮŹǷĽâȴǻȻһ塣
ϿԺֳ֮Ӧʮǳ
죬ֻǳ
ϵ˼Ʈһߣжȴûͣ£ָȥʱʮâֵĿռ䣬ˮ浴ƣƵ
ʮ˷׷ըȥѪϼǰߣЩʩչն˻һµָоҵһЩ̫žǿȴ˳ϣΪҪɱæ㲻ҪɱңҸһϢ
˵
ԱץˣҪԣȥء
Աץ
Ͼף˵Եģɹŵ˲⣬Ҳᱩ¶Ŷԣбʣǡ
ܵأ뵽ӡ
ҿҪڵʱ򣬶ûϢһս֮Ϣʹ½ɻţʵʲôʱõϢ
ǰ
£
ϴ󾪲ѣŴ󲻶Ծһսȷʵܺʱ䣬ǣûôҲܳµʱ䡣
һڣ
뵽ԼڡʧĵطһݣͳվҲûжĹ򣬶͹£˵ʱ䡭
뵽ЩΪûԼ˼Ʈȥֱʵ
̫žǿ߸ϽָλãӰһСչȫȥϾ¹ȥˣֳʲô⣬Լ˷ŵúݻɿЦ


2074 
ϵ˵һȡϹֵԴⱾҲһ϶飬Сڣ⣬Ҳ̫
Ȼȴǡʧ֮ءһ͹£ֻ³ҵˣΪڴţƤˣš
ȷϣѾ˱˼ħȴһģųʦѪĳϣʲô⡣
ڳǣҲѹãŹΪϢ󣬺ɾضȥųϿ϶ȥء
ħʱûиȥأȴǷѰϵټ
һߣŷų˷¶쵽ˣȴûмϵ˹۵ڶ࣬еΪ˲еΪ̫Сϲں
ԣһϣȻ֮ķǿƴһƴһǿߵĶ֣ձ¡
δ˿ںֻϵš
أȻΣգɳûгɣֱȥȻǰԽһöӣɵڶ֮ٺ󣬳ϵĹ۵Ѿı䡣
·Уϻ£еʱ⣬Ҫǣ˵ʮ֮ڣѾˣڻûȥ
±ϣ½
ϱ׼ȥеһˣǸԯ֮ĵطȥ˵Ǹ֮أһ˲䣬ȷһߡ
ڵʵϽӦò̫ɣ
ţ磬ܿǴһУܿűķ羰ܿʦ𡢵һȴ𾪲ѣǳϽǻ֪Ȼ
ܿʦ˹˳һۣ˵ֲܿĽ٣
ûдǣߵܿߣܿ˼֮飬ܿڳϼϣ˵ڼֱ顭
ܿҲ˵ľľ뵽˾ģ뵽˲ٶЩ϶ûʣܿǣֻЦţָɽܿ˵Ļݲݶ򵥣ʲô飬С
ʱٵȳܿһ̸ܿʦһЩ⣬Ǻ󣬳ϳ磬ʱز̫Զ
أСһСĻɲСܽǺˮΪģԲһǧĺˮǳ֣ǧ֮ˮвˣоκ˵ȵȡ
ĺˮƽûһ˿ˣаӿӺ浽ףΪƽܹζķ磬ˣֻҪǧﷶΧͻʧӰ١
һ˵򣬶ĪΣգǧûܷЩƽĺˮΣյĵطţ̤ˮǴӺϷɹǴˮιȫúܡ
Ȼ̤ˮʱεʱ򣬲в˲ýһҶǴӺɹǧﺣȻܰȫϣΣأǧﺣǱ졣
֮ѡأҲΪԱ¶Ǹ˵飬Ҳӵ飬ſʼôͬ⣬뱨նɱϣȴûбҪԼҲվɺ֪˵ʲôͬ
Żͬ⣬ӵԤ֮Уվڳ߹һƫƧСϣüͷûϢӷǳ⡣
ϵõϢܲȥˣǡҡҡͷЦ޷¶ѣأһϷϧҲۿҪģǿϴͣ
ͬʱɽüͷţĪǣܾûһЩ£ɽص£лƻؾ
˶ð͡
⣬֣һʱĿҲǹɽŮˮҲŮǿ쿴صʱ򣬻ǷȱЩ
һˣһֱƴδͣϢ⣬Сݼи񣬾ǽƬȡ˳뽫临ԭ׼ճϵȵֶεģɸ˵һ䣬Ҫ临ԭòԼУ㹻ϣһʱȻԭ
ǺˣʲôԺж
֮£һ׷ѰСڵ㼣ҲˣҲˣȴûҵ
ڳػһξʱ䡢衢˾ͽǣѾ̤أǰһƬɫɳ̲һҪĳ嶯ǲǳˣֱӽɳ嶯նɱ̧ͷһۿߵǸһĹ·ϣԡ
Ǽأ𣿡
ƨһ£õҴ𣿡
˾ͽһھƣЦ˵ǱִȻһ͹ɡ
£ǰɫɳ̲ͻȻཬת˾ͽ̤նϣһ̤ȴ֣̤ȥصգ֪ʲôֽţ̤շС
·أ
ǰ洫ֱҪƷĿЦתŵɫཬѾת˾ˣˣֱа׸ߣͨɫб죬С࣬ߣЩ˻飬ŵЦݡ
սĴһ˵һսȥսһ޴ҪڵѪħϣֻѪħᱻٵһ롣
Ȼɫϣɫ˽ҡһ£ţֳֻսץ


2075 ɳ
ԯս񣬱Ծۣսʱ似طǷֻһȥһ£Ȼ˿̵ս񻹱Ȳһս֮ʱǣҲ൱󣬼㲻ǻ֮Ķ֣Ҳܺͻ֮ǿսٻغϡ
ȻڣսһȴֻǸɫɦѣɫץս񲻱Ҳսض㣬α󣬷ɫץȥ
£սһ
ɫֻһҲգƬɳ̲Ĵ¡¡λһһɫˣ̤ž㣬衢˾ͽɱ
ػһնЧ
ɳľ๥
˵һǧһȻǾͦǰʹģԾѾȫ͸˽ʵʩչ󣬼֮ľ֮ԣǣҲǽһɫһ裬ľҲ˲һ
衢˾ͽҲ࣬ǳһ飬ɫ˺ôû֣֮Уʶ㣬Ҳɫ˵ʲô
ɳӦԣǼȲǽҲ֮Свͣ߶ţ֮ΣأȴδɫֶҲûֶΡ
мȥǰ漥ٴδģһضˣǸϽճСɡ
ûôôԶŵ
˾ͽһЦź«䵱ɰשһɫȥһֱҵǰɫ˵һ첲˾ͽһ㶼ȣЦҲôӲ
£˾ͽɫ˵Դȥһʮǣɫ˱ĵϣԭɫɳӣʱǰٴδΪԼǿЦ
ЦУ˾ͽĳɳӵɫվǰһû𣬿˾ͽȴüͷоµɫ˱ǰһΣա
һ«£Ȼˣ˾ͽѵСһ㣬ֶۺʵǿֻҪУŻǰ
Ƕüͷڳһǵʵǿ˲٣Ҳ𡰺嫡֣ô嫡пݽʱɫȴɢۣ۶ʵǿ޾ȥΨа֮һ·
˼ţ䣬ǴӰľܷĪҲҪģǰɫȴҪܹ֮Ӱһأƣǣ
һ˼轫棬ڳͻƵġܡ֮ϣšܡ֮á䡱һ¥
üŽһƬɫɳӣֿԱǡǧﺣаޱȵĺˮͻؼնҪǺˮϰ
ǣնˣˮȴһ㷴ӦûУƺĹˮһͺñȽηŽˮУԼۻˣ״вǷϲΪֻҪˮ϶סɫˣȱľǲ֪ܽˮŪ
սǱߣʤڻսɫ˰ȥǣɫ˵ȥʧˣսվɳֻֽսץסɳȥ
үүߣûôף
սţսһڣȻսֶֻ֣תۼ䣬սһӵɳС
ս񣡡
ػʴȣնֶ֣پۣ˼״ȸУ˾ͽնˮĶ۾һ嵽սǰȴû֣Ǻһھƣȥ
£ַ仯˾ͽնȥһо־նϣûս˳Ȼٻͷһֻɳӣһʯͷɢۡ
ˮˮá
˾ͽ«ڳ£˾ͽľƣȫ˳ˮɫɳӾͱ͸͸ĵطͲ۳ɫˡ
˴ϲʩУɫˣǣˮ֮ɫɳӣûˣʣ֮һԴԴϵɫˣЩС˲١
ּɳ˶ͷϳѪսսȥʱɳ˶ͷѪ⣬Ѫ̺൱ս򣬻սϣսʱѪ
ˮ
˾ͽһȣػ鼱֮³һĭȻĭɫɳӣȴַӦûУ˾ͽӼתЩɫɳӲʲôˮסģ«棬װˮܹסɳӡ
ţѪҲˮ
ѪѪɳٴ̣Ǵ̳һôɳӣҪѪ֪Ҫٲȫ͸˾ͽЦҺôƣѪ﾿Ѫ໹Ǿƶ࣬ҶֲҵѪá
˾ͽǸѪɳͻغĺ«һ£ܲܽˮװȥʱ˾ͽ߽«뺣ˮС
סܲ׶ȹһأͿһˡ
«ˮˮӺ«е룬۾⣬ȴûϲܲҪģ˾ͽһȣ𣡡
ǣ«
˾ͽü˵«Ҳͨǣ⺣ˮУ·«һ˾ͽһټӣǰβȴֲ֣һֺ«ʧĺˡ
ֻһ취ˡ
˾ͽݺţǱߴѪɳˣ˾ͽ̤


2076 أʧ
˾ͽһ취Σ
ȡ
Ǳߣսǽ˫ҿվ˾ͽı󣬳һϣȻѪ൲ȴǳ֮ƣα겻αסɳ˴ǰ
ʣµ֮һɫɳӣ֪Ǳ˿ƣʶ۳ɳˣԽԽСˣСٶȴǿ˲٣ɫվǰ棬ֵסǵĹѪ⣬սǷʤһСģмߴСɳС˴ӿȥ
˫歶ˣȥֻ֮˲٣ҲսţƴȴǾֱ֮һɫɳС
ʮϢʱ䣬ǽ֧仹ѪЧȴԽԽϾǣһߴСɫСͻط˾ͽɱȥ
˫歼״״ȭΧܼɫСˣȻܴ࣬ʱϣȻɫСҪ˾ͽԴʱд
Ȼǳնģֻһ
һеĶͬԱ齣նһɫ԰׵£ǵѪʣЩɳȴûʲôӰƵģȻڹǡ
ȻǸ˾ͽɳСȴһ£ɳС˻ָԭ״̬ٴǰʱ˾ͽվǺ«ҲӺˮȡ
«ѣ
һˮն𣬻ɳСˣɳС˵񶹸һǧ飬ˮǧﺣȥûвơ
˾ͽۣ˲仯Ϊ֮һɳӣ«еĺˮ䣬ʣ֮һɫɳӲ۳ˣǱߵĲǾ˻Сˣɢ˿ڵϾһ
ɫɳ̲ʹ˹ƽǰ£һ³Ѫ˵Ǻ««ˮ˼֣˻赹ȥ
ԱߵŵھУ˾ͽ˵Ѳϴɾˣ
˲ƣЪϢǰȥлڶ˾ͽĺ«˼ǧﺣˮᶯһ£ɱ«װȥٵ㲻㶯ˣ
ǰһƬ֣û˿ʱǱִ˾ѣǾ֣ܹܲ
Ȼǲˬģɻ£һȺӵС桰ˡط˾ͽǣС漫СȴʹɱУսеսҲ廨һС
ܺƵСȴûͣ£ܣСҧʱС͵رѪڣɶͻ΢رһȺʵЩˡ
С棬ϻһЩСָڰգͱ˰ߣЩӰɳ氡˴ͷ⣬ϲŵϸ٣Ҳ׶״Ķһ˴
ʲôħޣ
ţԺһӡ￴ء
Щ仯ҲûʲôٴҲᱻնϸĩǣЩܴǵܣЩˣ˿̣նһ
䣬ֹħޣ
˾ͽ۾ǰĳ˵Ƕڽȥˣ֣ҲѲˣ
˾ͽ˵Ƽ䣬ٳѲףѲˣЩҲڱѣͷԽԽæ˵죡
Ҫóܼ֮ʣ֣˿̣ȷʵǿ֮ĩնĽȻǿļټֻǸոһ㣬⣬ڻܼ֣ȫ֧š
ͦ˵ٶȣҲӲŴĸι״ħޣ˶ûȥܣֻаС
֣ҲֲסԹȥսѳ豳ϣǰ棬ǰʮˣ̵ضΧһȦˣǰԵ壬˾ͽЦǵĲӶϴɾˣ

ԭղŷƨ㣡
벻ǻ߳֡
㻹벻ǻնԴأ
˾ͽ˵ţʾһ£ȥʲô쳣ϣ˾ͽݿһԾԾգӰʧˣǳ죬ƾôûлӦ
ǲҪ
˵ǰ˵ȥ
ûڿգضУɸո߳ȥҲһӾʧˣüͷ壬ϲУҲУս񽫳ݸػʣүүһӿ
ȥͬģսʧǰǰЦˣ˸ҽ𣿡
˫Ӱֱӳ˽ȥǱ˼ģ˾ͽ棬ػ˵ٽ
ҡҡͷ˵ţչ˺裬ҽȥô¡󣬾ҲʧˣػǴⲻٽȥʮһ˵ôܲأ
ػʸоһȣͳҲʧˣǱߣŵϲΧһȦʮˣɫЩء
ϢЩʵǿ
Ǳĳɳ̲֣ˡ
ôǿȥ˾ͱٳɴȽǿӦϡ
Уϲ֪ʲôʱǽòʧңǸ«ܹ֣
«Ǹ
ȳһ

˿̣ѾأСһͳ壬ֱӳǧﺣ򣬳أ棬Сڲûк˾ͽһܷڿУϺС̤նС


2077 ֮ӣ
նֻ֪صķλȴ֪صУ֪Ż϶
ǣϿղܷһ㣬ϲ֪˺ʮȴ쳣ǿƿնʱóѵЦݣɿϾֱЦݶʱɾһʱʧ
ֱ϶̤֣ʮв˾ȵȻ̤նУ
ǵĽûã
Ϣѵֵ˴ɣ
ǲʲôҪɵһ÷ɽȥ
ע⣬һȥ߾ȫסǽ߾ȫ
ǣ
ʮԴﲻϵغšȥȥ۶ۿϾҪ˾ͽĺ󳾣ʧУȴ͵ͣǽңضѣһģʮ˸ӳأΪһ˾վ֮λʧ֮࣡
ɺϣ֪ˣ
Ϊ֮ţ϶˵һ̣㡣
ˣ
ֻ֣ȴѪϿˣ˵ӽԺ󣬲£Ŵڣ֮ء
ɱ֣ǾҪΪӱɱ
˴󺰴Уϲǵļʮ˵ӵˣ
֮£֮ӣҪ㲻ò
֮ӣ
׽ţڳ˵ʱһŵ⣬ӣ֮ӣ죡ӱĸ죿Ҳǡ
뵽⣬ϸȤˣ֮ؽգһءն£¡һ򣬵ʮӾһ𣬳δˣ˵Ȼй죬Ҫʱ˲ٿռ䣬ڡʧ֮ءã治ܷصһСء
ʮ¶ȣ˺ȵϣҽȥ𣿡ȳϻشֺȣҶ㲻ң㲻ң
󣿡
ϺһĪ⣬Щ㶣ٺȣȻ㲻ң㲻ò֪ΪʲôΪֵܣ衢ԯսǶ棬Ҳ
˻û˵꣬ӾͺԥسȥˣΪ֮˴ȣضķ
ʮһھѪ˼ԼСƵóѣЦţֱǳ룬ȥˣͱٳ
С棬˾ͽѾһ𣬼ϴҶһս˵ϴˣܹ֣ùôͱƣ
ͱ
Цһ˳ߣʵô˵ģϽǲ֪˶ٸƷ׵ڹע˾ͽص
˾ͽ꣬Ҳתϵݹȥŵҩû˵ʲôм֮ŨЦҵջҲܴ⣬ЩΪ
ãǰ£̸
˵Զ½ϵĻ࣬ңԪһȳʮ½ԪҪŨǧ򱶣˵һڣ½ֻҪʮꡣ
ȻŨȴûϵرע⣬ֻϰԵؽڣŽǣСأʶ֮С
ӽ⡢ؾһ࣬һһųţʱ˵磬ֵĸоǰҲһ
ôһ˵Ժ˼תʱ뵽һؾؾǣоԣƻؾҲԣǡ
۾һͬʱɽأ
ɽصĸоһɽֲؾֱһؾҪǿɽغǰʲô˼š
ʱս񺰵ȣ
սҲǧ֣оȵģȻһ㣬ܿ죬䡢˾ͽǶоԿƵȣּ䣬˵ҲҪ졭
仰˵̫ˣΪһͶ˲٣仰£˸оֻȣڸȣԽԽȡ
˲䣬Ӷ
ҵɢ
ҵѪҲ𣡡
ңҵꡭ
ʹӣüͷͽ磬˾ͽǵ״һûУԣϸսǵĸܡ
˵ĸоۺһ仰û˵Цųܿ˵ͷҪĺ󣬳ϱ˳׼Լһ
ɾ˳ʱϤĸо͵ر˳ϵס磡磡硭
һʮ飬ϲŻعɽ磬ǰⷽСҲ磬ģɽأ
ֱӵأ뵽һۣˡ
ˣ绹ܴɽ˭磿ǰⷽСأ˭ģ
û뵽ԣȻײôһ⣬ȻȻأħ˵ġ߻ΪϵѰνӵ㡣
棬ʮ˻ƴһ˳˵Ǿض棬ҩˣ


2078 
ʮ˿еҩģָľǳһˡ
ҩˣҩĸˡ
ѵϡ
ģ
Ϊֳ֮ڣʮ˲ȫתšضϻĥԳһСص⣬һĥ㲻֪ʱ£ȫ˽ȥ
ֱϸоҲȶȴʱϲŻعʱһߣϸŽסСصı仯
Ȼϸݾ˵Ĳ²⣬ǣ˿ʵ֮£֤ʵ²ʵģ΢΢һЦҵҩ֪ʲô
˵ţԺͼڴ½֪ġͷ̽ⷽСأǽٶᵽ£Сп񱼣ҪСж
һܣʮ˾оضͣҡضҡʮ˵ĪѣǵѪʡ
ޣ
Ϊ֮һʮ˿дʣϢ䣬ʮ棬ħ޸֣Щħ޴èãаԳϹꡢȵȡ
ʮֻħȻͬȴԼƽһ֮ʮֻħһ֣ضĻζͱ
ͬʱеĳҲоӣȻסĽŲȶе͵ƣɶԳ϶ԣ㲻ϡ
С湻ģɽضҪ㣬ȥɽأпйأǰⷽСأ˭йأ֮ӣǸνġ졯ɣ
ϺҲ²߿񱼱СصĿռȳϾӲԼ԰ӰȻԵãʮȴǶꡣ
ΪܹٶȣȴϣƲûжı仯Ϲ˵ϱϢ˵ģҪö࣬ô죿ҪҪ
˵꣬Ϊ֮˺ȶϣʮָ
£˵նʮָҲûаֳɣһʮָڿУѿѪСؽȾѪġض
ضССС
Ϊ֮˵һУӿѹ𣬳Ͽ棬ţ˵ⷽСػܱСһⷨƵġ
˵ģûдûⷽȥȴ˫ŶأʱСдըضʮһ𶯣ǵжϡ
һ˴ȣϣûõģôҲӲض
ضԭǷ
úô棬һ񵤰ɣضѾƵĵҩҲ֮һ
ֲ¶ˡ
Ц˵Ҫضûˣǻ
ЦԱضҲаӰ죡
˵ţΪ֮Ѿϱ۷ѪҪضιһ˶ѹһӣ˵˭磬һɣ
켴ȭأתѡضڣڡضԣûаաһЧԣҲſغڶת̾ſռ䣬Сضʲôȫ߲ܡ
壡
ض쳣ʮ˴󾪣ǰδģΪ֮˵ϺȵޣϮѪι
һ˿ᣬµħѾħޣҪˣûĻˣ̬ɲǡ
ﻹһ˿˿룬ѵҪĴۣ
Ѿһ޵ȳضȻᣬɶûϰģʮֻħٶײˡضС
ճȥͰڳɱϣͬʱϷԼҲضеһ˿ռ䶼ȹһϸЩռ䣬ʮֻħϡ
Ҳ˵ҪԸĲʮֻħޣʮˣޱȵġضһЦضȻãڵٶȣҪжһ߼һȭֻ룬ȭ·ǰͻسһǣԾ
֪ڹǹӲ
ϲ빥ʹغڶ£һѺۣȴûȫΪضԵʡ
е˼
Ѿͷһָȵ
뱻ڿС
Ҫȭ£ֱը⽴һͻؼǽֻǳεġʱ䵹
ʱ䣬ڡضȻá
ʱ䵹һʩչס뿪ʼˣֱ˵Ծ˵ǵһ̣ʱֻȵġġ
ȻһôûãʱԾڼˣ˵ʮֻħ޸սһ̣ʱ򣬳ͣˡʱ䵹ͷֻ뻹ץ̬
üͷʱ䵹УʩչûãҲ˵飬ǲٸıģһ̵ңһ̵ңܹغϣһغأ
һϵжͷϢʱ䶼ĵѾʧٴµʱ򣬳͵ּˡʱ䵹
ʱ˿̣ϵԺСǻŪġʱ侲ֹ


2079 ȭ
ϴڡʱ䵹Уʩչʱ侲ֹͬʱ䣬ܷܲһı䣬Ȼȳʩչʱ侲ֹ
롢ԳĹͬʱϮݺݵغڳϣ֮ǽˡضһȻóѪˣǿϣҲӡ
ػʱ䵹Ҳˣӵɳȥͣ׿⣬ȳеڶʮֻħѾٴνΧס⺷Ŷ
״̬£СЩ궯ӺҪʮֻħȫɺܲϽСڰοʱʮҵģܵĹϽ֮࣡

һ֮£ȫͣסɵأٴʩչʱ䵹ص֮ǰһĻԼվ޷ػ
ʱ䣬˼ӿץסĵһ㣬ġʱ䵹ǽΧʱ䣬ȫˣʱʱȻߣٱ˱ʱߡ
Ϊˣħ޲Ųܵʱ䵹Ӱ죬ŻὫϣ
ǣΪʲôûио
Ϻɻ󣬰˵ôĹǧ֮оʩչʱ䵹ʱȴûзӦ
ûмȥϳˡʱ䵹ٴʩչѾһοȻǳһγ֣֮ǰѹʱ㡢ʩչ
ʮ˲ѪιضԵʣϵļƫצѾϡ
ţϲˡʱ䵹ҪĴμ˼ǰЩҵҵʱ䣬ǰǵʱ䣬ɣڵҵʱ䵱Уʱ䳤һ֪ʩչ似֮ҲûãΪڵ𣿡
ڣСġʱ䵹ֻΪ˻ԭǰ󣬻治Եеģɳðһͷǵʱ䣬ҵʱ䵹ҵʱ죬ǵʱͿ죬ǾҪһ㣬ʱĿˡ
ʱ侲ֹ
˵ȴȭҳʮֻħ޺ȥʼʱ侲ֹ󣬶óϾȵǣԿɳۣڡضоȻвͨЩ
˿ýʮɴСȴӺ˵ġضϷħޣغڶŰķʮֻħɱǵθûɣͱƵ
ȻԸʮֻħޣĿǰɣϵüͷȴܲʱ侲ֹ󷨣ôŪʱ侲ֹ
˿̣ʮѾѪ԰׵ˣϸЦݣҩڱˡҲοҪضǻ治ܰѳ
棬ЩŵĳԱѾɵˣرǿʮ˶ϱѪĲ״ﲻɽ³͵س˳Ǹȡˡ
ضУϵĿȭͷ֮ϣȭͷԴڣҾȭ󣬴ʱ侲ֹ
뵽ϻȭɣɲŴһ룬дȥĸооһǰģҲʧȥЧã۾Σҳԭһʱ侲ֹ󷨱ͷҷӣô򣻶ǣȭͲ󣬸¶
ϲаŹģвͻ֮ͨ𣿡
ʱڣǵѾ׹ⱩҪԸʮֻħޣ취٣֣Ͻ磬ɳʱ⣬ȡֶΣûٹħޣתٶȾʮֻħ޵ĹУڡתŲơ
Ȼȭͷڴ
תۼ䣬ʧٴΣʱ侲ֹûд˵ȴԽӾ̵ķʽкȻα仯һĶ࣬뵽һνʩչĴΡʱ䵹֮Уϻȡ
ÿδһʱ򣬾ͻᱻжϣȻÿжϵʱ䡢λһǣҵٶʱĪҪٶȴ꣬ĳʱ䷶Χڣ
ǰĥľ飬Щ϶²⣬Ͻٶȫһ˫ȭͷ֮ϣ˲ȭȻûȭħޣЩħ޻ܵ
һΣϴ֮Ŵȥ
ȻٶйأΨ첻ƣ
Ӽţʮֻħ޵عѰܵ㣬ԽԽ죬˫ȭͷȴԽԽ죬ضɴСʱʮֻħ޵Ĺױٱ谭Ǳǧо˫ȺƹǦһ
Ͽʼ˺ۣһֹĽǽ˱ض״̬ƱԼŪΣޱȣȴЦˡ
ϵĴҪģ
ϽһֱϵСڣͽ磬С˵򲻵ѣ֣ܳ

СЩί
ϽԼ˸ľضȻٱ仯ܻڳǿʮ˵ֱۣѪ
Ӳˡ
һ˵˸ŵͷΪ֮۾ȴһ˿Ŀ⣬оҩĵԽԽǵѹȴԽԽء

ضУϺϣ۾ԽԽ񡭡


2080 ͻ
֪˶ʱ䣬ϲ֪˶ˣ˶ȭ֪ľǳϵڷɿţرȭͷʱ졣
Ȼɳ̾ã롰ضйأǡضʱ򣬱ڵ磬߳ʼضͼ̵̬һ㣬ɡض仯֮󣬳ϱ̾ˡ
˿ҲԴڿռϵûϵȫݽ߹һô
ɴһ˵ҲǸı״
ʵ佫ʱ򣬳ϵã˵ԵƴɱƽʱԸҲὫľǺľ֮ܶҲǿ
ǺڲάУ뵽˽ԼľԴ˷УλߵĴεN֮ʱ϶ȹĸʣӡ
ǰУ˿ˣϵȻŹ
ʮֻħ޵ĹƵʣ޷ڡضѹ֮£ϵѾڻζûС໤ֻСڱ֤ܿǵİȫ
ֹһϳѪ˶ڶţȻʮˣȴ֧ŲסƣΪʮֻħ롰ضĹͨȫҪά֡
ٵȥ뾡
Ϊ֮˵߽ԳصͷΪֵ֮׼ɣʮ˲ΧһȦվһš
ͬʱضУʮֻŰޱȵޣԤ׵رըˣһһԱûбըȻϽתۼ䣬ʮը֮С
ɾʱϿһﳤŰԳӣϹĹǣԴ
ʮֻԱħޣϳɵģ
ҲǳԾСΪղԱԲǼٵģҪȻҲܲصˣԱ˻ںϣڳŵʱ޿ʼתתȴǳһͷ
ͷ֣пӿΣյϢŸͷоȴͷЮ֮ƣضڸſСҪֹסҪһϣѰͻơ
˵Сǳƾ̣ɳ¶ĺȴܹСƾ̿ޣȫȫصûУֻԼȥ
ҪȻĻʼСڣη̸һߣеĳϣôضŸͷ
ʮ׵ľ룬ͲǾ룬ٿɾʱΣŵĳϣһȣ𡪡
ȭͷٴλȭǳҫ׷ӵġʱ侲ֹ˲䱻˳ʱڳϵ۾ͷ
ԽԽ
˼ͷսֹͣȻƫƫһ̣ݽˣ֮ǱҲĴ
ͷҲеʱ򣬶һݽߣͷֱţ
˿̣Сڹʱͻһɸ¸ŨǼ緢עЩήĲľ
°ӿ룬ȭͷġʱ侲ֹûʧϵĸͷٲǰֺ֣¶ϸͷųһ
Ѹͷӽ󣬳ϲźʶʱ侲ֹˣͷܶȴܶ
ʲôԶ
˵ĵĹЧҲﾲֹǣľܺʱ侲ֹȣøղŵĸͷ˵Ŀ϶סʱһֹͷͲòֹ
˵ʱ侲ֹУšĵԭ
Ըһͻƣȴûаָˣüͷأʱ侲ֹ󲢲ʱ侲ֹм仹һξ룬ҪȻղʱ侲ֹѾΣΪθͷܶЩ󷨲ǿ㣬ȴ󡭡
ϼţʮѪ˷ɳ˼״Щ֪룬Ϊ֮Ѫ˵áǿ
ô죿
ѪιУǾضеĹ
Ϊ֮һ˵оǼ֮ɫûаֵԥʮǰվ÷λԵഥεضȣ
һֺȳʮֱˣضȴ͵ת˼еĳϣ͵ػһ̽ϤĸоȻǺн̾ڻһ
ضҪڻңһ֣ҲУ˵ǻģϱԼͷһȴٴγȭҪʱ侲ֹ
ȻһȴûܳɹףǰܴͷıδգҲ٣Żֵܵضڻƴһ̵ĸо
ϵػ䣬ϵشڴʧܾʮκ󣬳ֳɹһΣν羲ֹϢͲˡ
չ˾ƣûڡʱ侲ֹһֱţ˼ƽϣȳˡضʱ
Ϸſ磬ȣСڣң
ʱʮɫֳ϶Ϊһغڶضشÿһ죬ˣһ
ϻû𣿡
һ϶ϵԣã


2081 ʱϮһ
˲֪ϵ״̬ϴ˿Сڵİ£ضһһﳶȾʮѪ̾ʮġضһҪϵ̾ϴɱ
ɸγɵġضԳвȷʵڡԺ󣬳ϼѽǣСȫ֮󣬲ŲܡضĿռжô죬ܻǶôظ߽ףȫһԶ˽
ʱ侲ֹǴˣϧʱ䵹ûŪס
ϼضٳʲô۶ӣ˼ֻصˡʱ䡱˼棬һԵģҪ뷨ʵʩʱ乥϶һоʱ䡱һؼȡ򡱶ҪĹؼ
ܿ죬ضͱ̾òˣϵӰʾ˼״󾪣ʱһȣȻû
ܡ
ˣϻûȫ룬ϽɱȥûնɱҪȻǶˡ
ûɱ
ʱʮȫɱȥʮڵλҲͣǳϾǺĵӣʵҲ͵ĶŹ֮ʵ֮
ȻʵڳĲ̫㣬Ըǣ㹻ˣȺϲԶʱͻŵΣյζ
ֱϷǳӣʮˣԷֳʲôУɽǵĹɨһȦûҳΣյ㣬ֱֻڣŨ
Σ
ʳ£ƿ죬ЩȫáضʣһݵϣȴܸʲôΣóϵ̾һ
֮ǿ߿ֹͣ׼ŴУƴһϻ˹ļƣӰһߣЦźȵϣ㲻ҪҪȣ
һпϣѪգϲ䣬ֻǵ˵ţϣøҡԵһ仰ûɵش˸顣
졣
ȣһиϣȵϣΪ˾һˣȴôֵܶˣȥ𣿹
Цŵϸ֪ϵԲˣֻΪȫˣϻͣһŰɱԣһ̼ϣͬʱһ̺Ĺ಻ϵȥ
תۼ䣬ضȫ̾һ˲䣬֮ǿȣʱϵ˺ţȻûС۵ôײУڴʱ˿̣ɵӰʹˡ
֣ķ֣һһѡ
˵ţҪǵĹһʱǸһԵĵﲿλ
Կ϶Ҫȵģˣؽƾ֣ն£ʱ򣬰Ե壬ͻشƿƿ˲䣬˫۱һΣںδɴ˿̣һ콣Ѿն
ؽܷͨӦҪȥȴϾܾȾ˵ͬʱסСڣ˵ҽһ
ڡض֮ķɱ϶һ㣬˲伴ʱ侲ֹ󣬡ʱ侲ֹǳɹˣȴڡضоֹͷǰ㣬콣붡ͶûУ
һɲ䣬κʽھ콣Ҫ̽䣬ͻرһġΧס콣ײڡġϣ̶Σ
֣ȻСڼ
˾콣ҲƵøɸɾ֮ǿߣܵɵһߡ
ȴɵһվڵǱġǵ콣ʱ侲ֹΪξֹˣ⾪콣ܣûǰѸͷǿ콣ʲô
ܴʱģֻʱ䣡
ͻأԺֳ仰ʱһ飬˼龪콣Ļ棬ЩգǾ콣ϣʱ֮ʱٵһ֣
뵽ϲȥҪȽ£ĥС̤ȥûйЩĿɿڴˣǵҲµ콣ŵֱʣǶ֪
ؽסųϣš塱ﻹʲô߳־ԣɾʱ쳣ͻֳ徹ȻըԱըɣպòãϡ
ֽסԷϵģǺƴܣУһˣϸոսסҪʱ޾ռ䳯¡
غڶ
غڶ
һȣȴǵõͬһüͷȴǿֻȭͷֻȭͷϻĸо̺šغڶ
ϷĿغڶһܴù𣿡
㡪

Ϲ
Ϲ֣ϹִӦ̫죬ںԼǡϹϺЦˣ֪ʲôٵľǼٵģ˵ʮҲøƣ
һ
죬ֻȭͷȷʵˣɳܵķҲСףѪϹ˵ôϷרΪ׼ģ


2082 һ
ˣҪصǹޱȵغڶ̾磬ȴûȫġضʹġغڶ˲
⣬ǻҪԣһЩ
ϻǸЦգԹעһЩһߣþ䡢Ǵ˳ûСػضв治С˾ͽǣСĶ˳ܿҲУʣģСŮ֮ġ
ͬʱϻЦ˵רΪңˣ
Ϲֿó˲Ūôˣصضһ£Ҳڿռ䣬ҲԴĵزǣƴҲԲز˶⣬ڿռȻܲȴԻһ̶ϵ˺ǰЩˬٱ˻ޣа쳣
Ϲָ𾪵ˣмһĻ䡢һ㶼ֱɱȥ
ߣϹ֮иϲϵ⣬ڿռйϵҵõڿռ䣬ƽ֮أ
ţϹ˵רΪ׼طԸĹܽĹеĸ߼طи֣гһ
طǾ˵㸶ĴۣҲһĴˡ
жֻҪ㣬һжرˣ
òµģΪĴۻ
ЦϹֻشͻתʵطǱ˸İɣǵ콣Ҳǳֱʣ԰ɣ
˭ֱʣɱ㲻ˣ
ˡ
ҪϹֶΣǻھ֮ΪʲôأУֶΣħҲôãǵ콣ҪСڼġġ֣˵㲻Ҳˡ
ˣǾȥ
Ϲٴδ󺰡غڶɳϵĿ⣬ȴûϹϣǽϹԭĵطΣյϢ
һСأղǾ콣Ǵնģ
ϷţֻȭͷǰϽٷ֮ʮľǸεСϣֻðٷ֮ʮԸϹ֣ȭͷһؽնСأȴЦŶϹ˵ҳʲô㶼ܸƣ
Ҫԣ
ã
Ͻ۵øġغڶϹȭʮλδͣͺȵǬԪն
ǬԪն
ȻһģһĹ˼أȴٴκȵʵڶ
ʵڶ
ϹֱطƹţЩʽȻж֮ҽȫڻͨʵܴǰһ

أ
ʱ侲ֹ

һʱ䣬ϲˣʮͬĹÿϹ֡һԿ˵ԽԽԶѪԽԽࡣ
ɳȴûиоƵģȻԼ˵Ĵ£ּͬк󣬳һ˿˫趯͵شȣ

һģ˵ǷϹ֡һ̫ȻظƳҼͬһʱ
ֻǣѿںȳ֮ϹֿϴЦһ㣬ֱԾʱĵĹϹԼϣϹֱñˣѪ׷ɡ
ʲô
Ϲְ˼⣬ȴЦ̤жûУ˵ȻʲôܸƣҺֻǲ֪Ĺ㻹ҲҸأ
ôŪһɱԼĹ
ĵʱһСŪģʱҲըһ£ֻǻʵ̫ͣ͵㲻мһ˵ĵزԣûʲôˣڵʵԼѾˡ
ЦݸʢǱıģ֮ǰŪôʵĹΪһ̣ϹֶԴط൱ţʮεĳɹ֮ŸȻ˵
ΪϷǺ֮Ϊ
ӺҲǺ֮ɣ
һЦֺȳһ֣
ϹָҪһȴ͵ղԵıϽͣɾһ϶ȭͷѾҵϹֱݺҽ¡
ԭϺȵǱȴغڶ
ϿСأ۾ؽȫնȴֺ˿̴ӵضгϹޱȣΪġһܹɱķ£ȴϳϾȻ˹ֻʤ
˲УϹԡغڶȥЦݲ٣̣
Ϲ˲ܹԼɡ̡ܲԼɣ£غڶ䱬һʩչһʩչϹȴ֣ûʲôã
ܣκιԸƵģ
кһ磿
磿
Ϲֻʣֺȳһ֣ϹַӦ൱죬ϲûֻæȵΪϷ򻹻ĵ
䣡䣡䣡
ϹٴκԼȴı桰ģϹֱը֮ʱϴʱ侲ֹϹȥûնϹ֡
ɾڴ˿̣Сش󶯣һ콣ϮϣϹ֣ȫԸ콣ʱϹҲתѪʩչһ


2083 Բ
һط²⣬ģҲȷʵǳãʤöԷţ͸ϹʱĿľƳϵֶΣ˳ΪԼϷһʡ
ϣϵֶ̫죬ûסҲˣǣűתǣһ̣ϹʩչġһԳϣǵ콣
ʱ䣬һ콣ĵ콣ʵӵĿɲ
ʱ侲ֹ϶ԸˣغڶֻҲѣﻹСض콣ȥҲһѡ񡭡
·𣬳еֶΣûá
ãСڡ
Сڣ룬°ң
֣
СӦԾնʮɫâҫġ֣ġ֮ǰȣַЩ仯Щչյġ
Զԡ
˿̵Ϲ֣Ҫ԰ж԰ףȻһԵĶԽǿϹҪĵĴۣҲԽ󡭡
ǣ԰ף͸ʮɫâϹ֣ȴǼֻܶԸǽҸĹϣǳϲˣ
ôһ룬Ϲֵϣ³ھѪһλѪʩչһСڵĹϹ־͸о˲ԾƲϡ
Ϸţ
ϹǿʩչʱϹ洫˲ͷ飬Ѫȫըڿռ䶼ѳƬʧֻʣһƹͷӣǲ˼ĲҽڵϣһϢ
ʲôܳԵģ
ϵ˵Ҳţ֪СǿҪǿǣû뵽ǿˣú֮ΪϹ֣ɵز
̧ͷȥġֵϰ벿ֻûô仯°벿֣Ѿһţǰģĵ콣ҲСɢ롣
ֻʣ°˵ĽϮϣϴʱ侲ֹ˲ֻɹ󣬶ɹð콣ٶȻ
ҲԶԣʵٶȻǺܿ죡
ž콣ƽϲٴȴǵܵڽȥһһȵʱ䡪
ͬʱǳ֮⣬ʮɫâۣС硱ȥ
һϼȿںˣĵֿǰֽȻ෴һ˲䣬ϵĸо
˼糱ˮɲǣû赲ֻþ񣬸оŽ渽ӵʱ乥ٿһ£磬նضȥնҲȥĵطʱȫɢˡ
ʹóϵ˼ӷӣȴץסһ㣬ȻɵĴ󶯵óϲܼץȥϽѷ죬ȫضСڽ磬
һ˵ʵҲʮϢĹѾȫ£Ȼ滹֮ǿߣʩչ֮󣬱üΪһ󣬱ſڵء
ϥܿûеǽųϣǣ۵飬ȴϹӶܸоõܿʦȴüͷųսĻ档
ʱ˾ͽǰȥǸ콣СأഥȵΣ
һʼ˾ͽ;ҳ鶯Īʹ࣬˫歼״Ժ˾ͽ׵Ļ棬ǰȥס˾ͽ֣˾ͽһΡ
һػȻ
Ȼ˾ͽҲʼǸСأҲ֮Ȼ󣬳ȥһܡڽ䡱ն¡
䡢սСȵȶȥԸСأ
СУûо콣ٹܿʦţȡ֮֮ôãȴûܵɣΪʲôΪϵ㹻ӲжԸɵطһࣿ
ܿʦЩ벻ףȴǴ뵽һƣûзɣǳϾӵǿ½巴ɣǸĶ˵켣ҲӦû⣬Ե֮ʱĶĻܷʤ⣬ĳЩ棬켣ĵúãõҲŨ񣡡
ţܿʦЦⰻȻ
˺һϽѷ޲ȫضҲһ룬ֵۣںԸСأҲһȴܿʦס
һ㶣ܿʦ˵ٺһ£һûᡣһҲǣתܿߣܿʦֱʵǲа취Ըеķɣ
ûа취ֻΪĸҪҪػĶҾͽǸˣ
ܿʦüֵӦɣ
Ҳ֪Ƭ£ܵɵģӦúٺ١
ж٣
ĵûҴһУ
ã
ܿʦûоȣӻϲ´˳һ˵Ҳ֪ʲôˣҾȻ̽켣ܿϣҴһط˲鿴켣طĵ켣ͬһ㣬һ֮ãҪ㹻ۺ񣬾Ϳʩչң㲻巴ɣ켣Ŷа

ﻹװˡʱ䡱ͻתϣһʱû壬ʱһܿʦ͡


2084 ҶԷˣ
ڶԵеʱͻȻĵֵһ˲켣˵ҪʩչһطȻطϣ˵
ܿʦȻƽȴβסеļ۾Ҳһ뵽һҪ£ȴ˵طʩչʵǿҲѭߵĻᡣ
ֻСķ棬Ըĵܶණ켣Ƭ½ܿʦѭѭţСľ㣬£ֻҪĵģһԡ
ֻܸδ켣𣿡
Ժｫʱһĳϣͻܿʦһ㶣ֱΪԼˣ˵ղ˵ʲô
ϴ˼ζ˵һ飬ܿʦȷԼûЦˣ˵ȻʺСȷʵڣĵ켣δģûзģѾôģ
ԣ
ҡͷڶ֮СŮڵı֣ǿɾʵʵطڹȥܿʦ״̬ʵԣʲôԣ
ܿʦЩеʣûлش𣬶ŬԼԼΪһŵ˼ҪıѾ£켣ȷʵһ򣬵ǰỹһʱ䵹ʱ䵹
ţͻйơĸооó𾪲ѣǰԺС롱ǳʱҲʹУûС롱ֻһ˼Ȼ
ǰıȥ£Ҳָо״ѵķˣҲΪǶԵģԴ֪Ľɣ
˼磬ʱͷȻ˷򣬵ʵüԶܿʦ𣬡ǰǸ̽켣ط
ܿʦܿĿ飬˵ΪǰĻֻԶҲòط
Ȼ棬ӲûбһĻﻹ֪ܿʦ˼һЦǰܿǣУʦ𡣡
ܿʦ˵ͷŽطഫ˺һ󣬳ϲżһţʵôģ
ҪԼĥˣҲǸ֪һЩץסһ
ϵͷǰ棬衢˾ͽǻСŶ˾ͽѾ⽦ѪǱεСرѪһȻ¶һ֡
˵˾ͽЩңҲ˾ͽڷʲô仯뵽ԼѧĲ̽켣ط˼һʱ̽
ֻ˽طһʩչЩѣ˺һЩ򣬳ִܹ֣ͬʱϸоģϲںںǿ˾ͽ켣
ͻأ۾â״һȣÿδ£ӰѾСǰղſ˾ͽըֽҷɵĻ档
ͬһ˲䣬СȻըѣдֱ˾ͽȥϺԥ˾ͽ˫歵Űϵͬʱʩչ֡
䡢һҲըɵһߣѪѾѣ䲻ȶʱٱըСأһԶ̾磬ͬʱﻹţ˾ͽֽȻǺúõģ㲻
ţҲɵز鿴켣Ƿ⣬ǰСأѾԼٶȱ̾СûСضôǿСڰæǺûѶ̾С
Ȼ˱㿴ǰĳ棬ǧ˳ҰЩоǧֳ֮ɾŸÿ˵Ľ£󷨣װɢŨŨϢ
ֻЩȫ԰ףѲ²⣬ȻǸղǼǾ콣̫󣬳Ϲ˲Щ˭ģ˭Ūộǵһʱ󷨲鿴ȥҪ֪ľ콣ϣɸʱ乥ʱǳĿǰҪоġ
ǣȳϴ󷨣Ǿ˴һըˣЩըҲǺұģĳ󷨱ըܳϵġ֡Ӱ졣
ϵΣд˽ͣһͽһͽ磻Ȼ绹ûȫľƣҪһ㡣
ոһУһ˺󷨣ҲˣʱǴδйǧﺣ򣬾ǳһɹɾˡ
ϴЩظоϮ˵ˣһȣУָоǵıͬһһȣ
뺣ˮʲôͷ
Ȼǿǣⷬ仯Ҳͷԣأغڶ̾ˮʹأʱϿǻûȫþϹ֣Ϲ촽ڶţƺȣһץץǰ˵ֻӵӣ˶ѣֻԴеģֻϧԴˣԾҪˣˣĳһҲȤ
ϹаϾͽӽ磬켴ֽ̾նȥҪԱɱĺˮУնһ·
ϵãϸչ죬رʧȡ֮һԲεУ׼ȷ˵һ۾ֻܴܴ
˵ˣҪתŵ۾һǿ϶


2085 
ӵ磬Ȼ绹ûдﵽһеĵزǣǿӹɣǺ֮Ĵռ䣬Ҳܿ
Ȼڣķȴ̲ˣûпռ䣬еĿռ䣬Ǹ۾иˣϾ̾ռʱ̵ǹټϻΧԣ˺
ҵ֮ټ
ҧ˵ʵϣ˺ô򵥣һ˾˵òʰ۾пȻȷʵˣ
ĿǰΪֹѾ϶ӵֱˣǸŪĹˣӵֶΣһۣ̾һ䣬ǰγɵض˷ʤȹΪ۾еأ۾òҲ۾ɣ
ͷʱѾתӣȻһʱӲˣǾӭսֱ۾У˵Ҳһر۾
ֻۣ
üĶһâֱ۾У۾ҡһ£ϿϷԯ֮Ѫǡȫһڣٴοֻۣ
۾еҡθӾҡ




һ˾ŴΣҪȥɿֻҪ̫ȻûпݽߣǵضСأá
֮⣬ϵĵֻۣҲѪÿһζҪ޴ʹȫ
£ûٿȥǣּˡغڶǡغڶȥ۾Щģûм̫࣬ʱϳȭСһ𣬴ʱ侲ֹ
ͬʱħڵõϹֲҵϢ̣ȫأ⻹һ֮أңڵˣԱȳħٶȣѭأɫЩˣǬϻȥġ
ٸˣϲ֪飬˿ѽʱ侲ֹ˳źСһ˲٣۾еתһ¡
ô֮Сʮɫ⣬ضȫһצ£ضСضѣȻգֳ޿һţ۾ҧȥ
СڹȻǿһҧ֮۾ͬʱСڵžȻ֮۾ûоʹ˻𣬻ڹСڡ
۾εĳҲһҰңȹˣ۾еתҲǻңû
ϵҲЩˣʩչĹҪңʵϲ֪һңƬ󺣣ڵ½Χĸ½ȫˡ
Ҳ˵ڶԸģһֻ۾һƬ޾ټ½
Ǭ˼״󼱣ԥ³һѪڻУأʱС𣬲ܲˣſʣ֮һ۾ҧȥ
СڣʣµĽң
֪СڵĴҲΪΣգСڸͽ磬СڲӦ۾ͬһ㣬Ӧˣ

˵ſ磬תغڶ֮һ۾Сڳ֮ǰ̽ȥ֮۾СΣȴû磬ǻҫεġġ֣ʣµ۾ȥ硣
ʣµ֮һ۾Сػɱѿͬʱֽ֮Уʩչ̽ط˲Լ󣬳ϿǲСݻһ۾Ļ档
һĻ鲻ԽȥȥѾ嵽۾ǰһȣ磬̣
ʣ֮һҲΪѣѿ۾ϣתΣϲ̽һô죿
ţʩչǡСֶչ󹥻Ч̫󣬲ȫֹסԺ˲ǧͷɶУĶǲ٣ֻǳϸоӦ굹ó۾һ
ҪͶҽҪ۾һʱ꾹ǸоΣһȥһףΪﻹָܻ˲٣Ѿʶ
ʱ˿̣Ҳûȥ׷ǿݵأµ⣬һ֮ض⣬£Ͻһ˲ؽ̶Уת磬Ϣٶȴﵽޡ
۾ȻΪӣҪݽ۾ȥʱͻ˳תµתͬʱ߾ȫĴʩչҡ
꣡
ѿһǰδеĴӣˣѪһڣȴٴκȥؽССҲУרӦ۾СڣҲѷȥ
ع֮£ѷˣڳûһѪɫʱں䵽ֺ;콣Ҳ䲻ȥĵطȻԥ۾
ȵѿռ䶼ĺˮ̴˷ӿ۾ȵģҲ˳ϴŵѷȽУϵǿֱҪϣһ˲䣬ϸоԼҪһ
ʱϵһ죬է


2086 Ǭ
𣬳ϵһоϤͬʱڻ֮УǸԺһ˵ĻһǱɳϾǿ϶һ塣
ͬʱϵˣǻŵ磬һתʽһɾ֣ǽεֱۣӱ磬ѷ
⻹û꣬أȵĺˮ˽ȥ۾ԼٶȱСѷУҲõɾ
մȥֻҪһϢʱ䣬۾ҪɾʱȻʧˣתŵҲɢҿֹڻҾơ
ʧ֮ʱҲӰ죬ȻĪǿԼѣǰķʽתһ޷С
ϵȥֻһ˿δȴս۾ʧ󣬺ˮˣҲˣҪȻ϶Ҫֹڴˡ
ˣȥĻҲǴʱǬ˸ϵﲻͣ߶ţϣü
Ǭ˵ӰֱӴܽģ˳ϣ۾һ£˲Ϣ佫ץ鿴ϵƣһ鿴Ǭ˵飬Ȼ𾪲ѣְһ䣬ֱǺ
Ǭ˫ڳϺ󱳣ޱµ˵Ǭ
֣ȴǰŻӣ֮ûĴܣûнϵ磬ǽϡǬת͡Ǭľת
ֱ룬ȫͨٴλΪһȦתһȦϵѾ˲٣ȵʮȦ󣬳ϴΪѣܵһ
ûȥ˭Ͻǰתʽתʽδģоںڶ֮ϣ⣬ǵתʽʮתģֻתǵõʮ㣬˿̻ҵʮ㣬ԲϺš
ˣֻϸϸȥǬתȦԽԽ࣬ϵҲԽ࣬ʱ󣬳ҵ㡣
ٰʱϺš

ʱҴҹȵóħҲʱǬѾתȦҲҵ˾Ÿ㣬ʣĸȴǶʱҵϱŸΪ֮ǰķʽת硣
һʮ㣬һŵ㣬תȻһҲ٣ǣҲǲд۾ˣϷǾ߳ʦɢ˹âЩâת磬ǳںϣûһײǶһ
ΪѪԵʣ
ʱħϵĹ״Ѿǰˣߴȵſӣ
Ǭڣ
˵֣ħʱϢס֣һԽţħûȫţ˽ųϣȻΪʦ
Ǭеڲͣػתʱȶȥ˼뵽ĵһӣҪ棬ȴôҪأ
ı󣬳ЩϷô䳡ǣĿģֻʲô
Ͻ۾ȫ̽ʱڱ𴦵ӣУɫ˲ϵ㲻ȴûϵ㻹ܻۣ֮ϰϣ̫ҳԾˣ֮ۿҪĴۣڵ㣬ӦһϢɣ
۾һôҿǰǳˣ
мԥоԼҪҵĶѾԶˣҪǾȥĻֻи鷳Ϣԥӱó㣬ȼݳһӵӣһǰȴǸѭߵĹˡ
׷ȥ
˵꣬ȹ˻شӾͳһ󴬣̤ȥʧڿУȥķأ˲ƣж
ߣϲཫ۾ͬʱС֮£ҲȫСڸϴ˵ҹֿҪ˯ˡ
۾ôҰʣµ֮һҲ㣡
ã棬ҳ˯ʱҲô󡣡
á
ϼΪϲ֮Уֵ̫ˣʱǬ˳˫ƣȻûȫָ˵ллǰľ֮
ҲҲûôҽǬӣ뿪߱˵
ǬɫҲЩ԰ףȻҲۣԼٶ뿪أϸ̤Ƭ½оľһƬû˿
ǰȥδ
ȻȥǬڣ㲻ȥ
ҡ
ϵȻȥǿħʦԸǣҲ½ȻǬڳ綼ȥȻǱߣʱѾˣĳ⣻ԣϽ½뷨˵һ£˵ȥ֮Ǭڡ
Ǭ˵Ҫ½õİ취ȥǬڣ㲻һܻص½
һԣ뵽½⣬ȳϻشǬʵԪָɻڣ
ڣ
Ǿͺá
Ǭת˵һ⣬ٵ֮ۡ
ۣ֮
ʣǬӽţҲʱǬأ׾һޣʵ뵽ĵһ£ȥҳϡ
⣬Ҳ󴬣أ˰죬Ҳûзֳϣ۾һ¶ϵŭâ


2087 ֮˼
ȷʵŭһųϷĽֶûаԤϵݣһһαһأΪֵֿտա
ˮʧƽʧļƻ֮ڣ֮۱𣬳Ӱ֪ȥӵŭһӾð˳˭һңҵʵ˳ң˭ܾȳϣ
ţżһӰӵԺ뵽⣬ӵŭȻʧˣȡ֮ǣ¶Цݣ߶Ǭڣ˼ųģȴ಻סرĳȻҪ׼ϳϵóһɣߣϷ
һ߶ӸΪˣۣ֮ҲвС鷳ζ˵ӲٿһۣӰһתټ
ߣǬһ˵ϴ˽֮۵һЩ֪֮۹޾½֪ǧﺣ֮쳣½֮ȫΪ֮۵Ĵڣ֪֮ĳ֮ʣûɡ
õЩϢҲСΪʲôٴ˯֮۾̺̫Ȼ˿̳ϵľƱȽΣСѣܰæǴæǣЩԸСڳ˯
һεСǳ˯ĴڳϽǲȫʱСҲȫ˳˯ϻڽ簴֮ǰķʽת
һǸתܹõطʣµĻ㣬ܣǰתʽܽغڶκβ˲̵ڶԵ֮ϣЧ϶ҲԣԽԽʩչʱվ͸󣻵ҲǼΪҪһ㣬ϷСڴ棡
ЩȻⷬ仯ʲôйأתʱʮأռƣʮ飬ϤֱȵһУһڱƵΪңȦҲֻƲЩ¡
õѾкܳһʱ䣬ûнϹóϸı½ٵû뵽ƵþȻ˴
Ƶжٿ飿
ٴʳǰʳص⣬һûеõ𰸣ȴһҪ⣬ǾǵõƵ˲٣ͼڴ½½Ǹʨˣû˵Ժ︡⡣
ȥϾûǵõĵһ⣬һƿǺСڴһģƵĺ浽ʲôŸֹֻϧڶڽ磬оҪܴеõʱռʾͺˡ
ͻͣ£뵽ٵġѪܹһЩҩݣﲻɸһͷҩݶϸᣬǲҲܸоĶ
Ͻ磬ͬʱ⣬Ҫ˼һЩƣ㻹ǲ֪ʲôҲתʱ󡣡
ⷬ˹յͷҲǼϢĹѣ󣬳ϽעתƵǬڿռдÿһʱϾͷԼڿռͬǬǵĴ󣬸Ŀ϶׼ȷ˵Ĺ򣬵ûдﵽĵز
֮յĿռ䣬Ӧòա
ЩϧûŪǵ콣渽ʱ乥켴뵽Ϲ֣Ǭ˵һ£СǰУʱ棬ǶϹʩչѻϹ̫أ֮Ǻ֮ǿߣѳļ伫ϸ˺ü飬Ҳûнһطѵȫѡ
һطҲͦȤԵʱȷʵöԷʤɳطҪĿģ˽˵һ࣬ػǰ㣬ұȡػֱӡ
Ȼֻط֮Ѿܸһ򣬵ǳϸüطüͷΪҪط͵ý֮ǰȫٵΪһϣңһԶֹġ
Щȱ㣬óЩԥ뵽Լ磬뵽ԼڲͬҪȥһԣٵ
ûȥԣרĴʱ侲ֹһֱҪôôľ磬򼸴Σлвɹġ
¡
棬ǬӡħҲСЩȣٿ꣬ǬϲЦݣٶȻȲϳϣȴҲһһزԶ
ʱ򣬳ϴʱ˳Ȼʱ侲ֹûдﵽĿ꣬ҲΪתܱ֤һʧ󣬼䣬˳ҡ
ħʹ֪ͨ˶һ𣬳Ҳûж˵ֱӽһϢϹ˵ʣµӦ֪ôɣ
֪
һʱӦģǳף
ˣš
Դһ󣬳Ǭȥٴ·ֽʱǬӼ״ƴ˳ɾͣҲΪ棡
˺һξǬӭеһˣдͻһ켴һ룿


2088 Ǭ
һ룡
ÿ϶˵Ըٶǰ񱼣ռ䲨һǬо˲Ҳӿ𲻶Ծĸо
żϢ˾ͳǬӵҰ˲ûпǬӣֻסӵӣ˵ԼҶ֣
ԭǲڵġ
ǬӵԱ˲ŻͷǬһۣ˵ðԼڣǶ鷳ҪȻĻ鷳ʹˡ
ţ
ĥ
ԭǶĥĥ˭
첻ĥˣֻĥ
ĥ䣬йֱָѣֵԼһ빸֮꣬ٶ϶лҪĻĨȥڹкۼ
ʢ˵ƣǬЦˣȴû˵ôǰ״̬Ц˵䡰ôôĻʱޱ£һɢĮȻ˵±ʣһ
ʣʣѾʧˣʱðɲ̫ǣĥⲽǰ˵ʣҲնڴ˵ء
ĥ˵̤꣬һʱ޾ռ䱻ס͵رǰٱ֮ؿռ飬Ҳһ֡
Ӳġ
ĥûһȭȥڷǬӣȻղźǿƣҲоǬӲȻǬȴûһҪֵӡ

ĥоףȴǼӿٶȣڶ֮ϣԽײһײҪײɽӰȫڻ£ǣĥΪߣ޼䣬Ӳײ֮£ֻĥȭͷһ£㱻ˡ
ȶǣ
һȣĥ´ɾʱĺ֮ƣͣĥҲ˰ְǶҲӿĥϲǣ

ĥȭȣϹâһһӰǳϡ
˿̵ĳ϶ԡʱ侲ֹĴֽһղĥ֮ĶԻЩ²⣬ȴʵ֮ꣿֻһ룿
ֻһ룬뽻ĻԿɱһҪึֻצӵĴۣҪǵߵǰͲýˡ
ĥ˵ţϢɢһоʱ϶ԼĲ²⣬ϢһŵӺӧеһֻϢϢǿ̫ˡ
һ룬Ϊʣµһˣȴû뵽ȻڽԤ׵ãϲЩ̾һ꣬ȴȫ֣ͬ뵱պӧ˵ϱ϶ӧҲ֪
󣬳Цú϶Ϊһ
Ҫǣûܹ赲
ĥĻû˵꣬һ̤ͷϿգ켴һն£һȴּԶоأǧȴֺᣬ΢磻Ƹȴ裬ֽȻ෴ĸо˲̤
Ȼ̺ŵأȴѾһȭÿһݻ½תʽѾǺڶתʽ
ǬþȣǬָΪȭΪǬ
ȷʵǿǿǿù
ĥԶȭͷռ䣬ڹϣһȭȥϵһоǻˣɾоһɺ͵ʱӿһڵѪȴӲ̻ȥ
˸գԸƸգȻֶΣ
Ϻû¶һ˵ĥģĥһҲȣֻӿܲѹڣͬʱ˵˵仰ˣкܶ࣬ǣڹ¡
ңûã
ĪҲᣬҲøգ
˭ĥ仰ζʮ㣬һЦ˵ǰоõˣõạ̇̄
̣
Ǭ̣
Ͻת˵ȻǾŸ㣬ǰĥҲǿۣ֮һ֮£ĥеĹڽȥĥ޾ռ䡣
ĥʧɫ٣ȴѪڹϣȵҪ̣Ҿ̸ȣһӵ硣
ǹĵ꣡
ֻһ룬ùۿۣùȻͻһ磬ǣʵȴһࡣ
˺ôĥԽⲻŹ
ĥ꣬ù̾˳ϵڿռ䣬һУĥѾùΣ԰飬Ȼһأ磬оһҪߵŰݵѹ
뷴ɷ˼𣬻ʹʹУһҽУڵϣѣڹҽеʱĥеĹͻط˰ĥپԹʲôѸҷų
ȷʵǿϧ̫ˡ
˵ʵĥȻҲֻǺ֮򣬷ǳأټϹ꣬Ϲ֡ħϣҲռϷ磬Ҫǽ֡غڶһ࣬ϻ治һӮϧˡǬ֪ĥĸ
ٷϻôܷŹ
һ˵϶ΪһȻزȥڶһֻ֣Ҹһ·⻰ĥ֮ǰ˵ͬС졣


2089 оͬ
ڣ
ĥֱ˵һ䣬һúҾͳȫ㣡
£ץĥڡǬǰĥ˲ãֱֻܱܲնû˵Ĺʧ룬ĥնҲն¡
ĥҲǬˣδ䣬ԱߣǬţǬֹĸоǬڻһطСǬ
ֻǬǬֹ˵ǬǿǡǬ̫ǿǿǬûһɹ
ˣˡ
ЩûɹľӢӣȫж
ɺϣָ
ǬȤˣĥĴȴΣգйѾˣĥŵϢݺ񷼸ǧصĥĪػˣЩڹµˣղŵǿӲԾʧӰ
ˣ㻹
ûнĥŭĥһ飬ղץɱ֮֮տʼûʲô˲Ϣ֮󣬱ĥͻһϤĸоԺͻһͷĥͷܻɴʱ˿̣ĥҲ˲ãҽȣһҪϢҪҪ
ôҪ
˵ˣҪһ·
ϢͿϢֵֵˣ
ϹƻȴûȫֹͣĥϽ˵ǹʵġ
ʣ
һֵϢȷʵȤ
˵ˣҪҡ
Ϊ棬Σ
ĥ˵̫½ĽҲһͬĸо
һ㣿ǿɲ˵Լ˵𣿡
ϲǹ˵ĥ˵һʱ뵽ļǷйأǣַ񶨣Ϊʵ壬ϢɢҲҵͬϢ
оȷʵһģţһˡ
ĥֻץסһ㣬ʱʵ㿴ʲôģ
ЩУЩңĥȻˣҲע⵽һ㣬ֱϷ㽫ģһһʮ÷ǳϸʼЩãȻȻ˼һЩ
һףٶĥ̽켣طת˲̽˲٣ɳϵüͷȴߣʵôˣ
Ҫӽ֣ȴһӾʧˣӰ٣
˵꣬ĥؿ˿ˣһ֮䣬ðΣԳ˵ˣȥӿ
ãȳȻȥ
Ȼȥһ̽ʵԼڵʵڻûлָǰ۷״̬ңûмʵۿۣԣҪֻ̽ܵȳϡ
ллˣһΪѪ
ԾرģĥЩɵϻֹ˵ȥתĥ˵˵ԭҪʲôȥ
ҡ
ĥһۣЩԥظоǰһæ˵ȥùøǿ
֪
˵½аʬǣȥ
˭˵ģ
۾ĥôһ˵֪ĥ˵Ŀ϶ǻƻؾеǰʬǣĥصҩ˵ġ
ҩȣ
˲ĥ⣬û뵽ȥȻƵҩȵϣҩȡѪܹ
˼Ϣ˼ƽϣͬһ˲䣬ĥ˵Ϣֵ𣿡
ֵֵ̫ˣ
ô˵ĥµģҪһʹ֮£ȴ˵ԣҲһ·һ
£ϽϡһЩעĥڣȻϡͣϵȻ̺ǿߵϢĥһ飬ֱӿϲȴʵġ
ĥʵΪʲô
˵һ𣿡
Цʶɨĥڿռ䣬һɨɨĥڿռһԣĥΪ׼ģҪ˳ע۾ȴһһơ
ԥϽȡĥɫ䣬æƸңҲҪˡ
֮ǰžѰƣҲֻ룬治֪ȥʲôطңֻȴϣûã
֮࣬ĪĵǣǣȻӽ磬ǰʮһʧ켴һ΢𶯣Уĥ˵ĸйأ𣿡
ĥûлشֻóϻѾȷһЦִ֮ժһЩѪܹ˵Щ͵ҶĲ
Ѫܹ
ĥǬҲһĨȣĥţҩȵˣ
㻹ߣ
ϷʵĥһĹǿƣǿϵļʽֻú޺һţٶ뿪ˣǵߺĥ˵Ṹ֮֮ݣձضٱ໹ңĴ󡣡
ĥ˵Щʱ򣬳ѹͬʱﻹ˵ѾųˣͿҧҧˣ


2090 ִǬ
ϿеĥѪܹǿϢ֪Щܹʲôȥ굽ʣٵҩȣҪ˵ȫɺϣôš
һС֮󣬳ϼ·ǬӶԴҲδۣǳһʵǰЩ;Իص½
½⣬ôⷨʱȻ֪ڻص½Ǿͱ··ǬС
ǬӵĻУʶһЩѿʵһֱڹע½
ôܹעأ½ĻҪ򵥣ֹǣв۾ţ
ǬӱζЦ˵һ㶣ʵǬڵʵҪ½ػأӦòɣ
֪ʲôЩڱ󣬿ǲһϣУǿϣҪԵ⣬иҪԭǶ½̫ܵţԭԺ֪
ⷬȥͬһ֣һЩ벻ͨЩӣǬڿܿϣˮأСأҲ
ûоھȥתʵĽһʲôĴڣĹϵ
½Ϊȥ˰ɣ
Ǭ˵̹ȻȥȻǬӼ˵ʲôȳ֪ڵʵס㣬ֻҲ벻㡭
ټ˵ȥֻʣ½·ٴνʱ󣬴ʱ侲ֹ衢˾ͽǶתҲʱֶ
ʱѭǿСҲǿ٣СóʱҲڣһ죬Ѵһ꣡
ǰǰķù򣬳ڽʱ侲ֹ¯ࡢĵزҪȥ̽ʱ䡱İʱС󻶿˳ŵĲãݳˡ
̫ˡ
ҲǴΪϲʱŪţǷǳʱϵһʱ뵽ڡɽءһţЯһţʲôȥУɽʲô֣Ҳʱڸϻȥ
ĥСݳĴţʱﻨһ¹򣬳ϲŽšĲ壬֮ϲɶСĹ˼Ϊ̾˵ĶСںУֱ˵ĸ߼ơ
С˵滹һ⣬ͨŴ͵ĻȴҪö࣬ʵǿԲһע⣬ͻᱻ˺飻룬ܲҳСһЩ
һЦСѾõˣĿǰɲһǼ£ʱҽšƵιһ㣬ȷ֮ϵոϡ

Сһ룬Ҳ֮壬˵ǵýڡʱ䡯棬ʱ侲ֹϵʱ侲ֹˣеǡ
һʱ䵲סˣ
ԣҪʱ䱾϶֣
õģѾ˵뷨
Сֳʱ䡱棬ϸ̾ԼҺСæҪȻЩšʱȵȵݣ֪Ҫķѳ϶ʱ䣬һʱؽʱд
һ֮Ǭӵ˽ˡ
æ߳ʱ󣬽СŽĪЩǬЦˡ켴ǬӰȥڿգٶȫǬҲĳ
ڿǰϸоΧĪΣգֻҪ̤һ¾ͻعȻ֮·ۣչգǳظоߡ
ֻǣûиоǳܵĴڣ
ָŹһ£ǰشɽˮݡ޵ȵ̤Ⱥɽ壬϶£һһߣϵɢȥȴܱ鼰Ĵ
ʦҪǬ𣿡
ϳ˼ʱǬ˵ʦ㡣˵꣬ǬӵӰʧˣüͷ΢壬ʦ棬Ҫһһĵȥڿ𣿡
ԭʲôϲ֪ȴȥȻ֪ˡ̤ȥûоʲô쳣ΧȻǳŨûѹûĹûʱ䣬Ͼ̤˵һ塣
ڵڶϣϵѾƽ벻׾Ͳȥ룬ȴ˼ˡǬڡ֣֮С֮һ⣬Ǭڣ᲻ҲʲôǬ棿
ʣ߹ڶ壬ķ壬ڵķϼ˶ЩΪ澳Ȼϼܶ棬ɿһȺȺΪǬӣﻹ˾ȣΪǬڵ棬ɲһ׹ֵ֧Ǭ似Ǭӵʵӡ
ڴ˵ʱһǬڵҲڶųİˣڵﾡɻ󣬿ûóȻǰʳϣһǬڿɲ˭ͽģҲоϺΣա
ԣԹԵţҪ̤ϵʱһ𣬡վס
ϤתؿЦԭ㣬ļȫָˣ
ϣ̫ʱˣҪȥˣ벻ͳҵǰǱץİɣţѾߵǰָųһһ˵ϣս


2091 ս
ϣս
쳣ᶨҳţûиоʵǿǣԼʵǬ̥ǣ׾أɱģǬĹȫ¯࣬ңһҪϲȵڳ֮ϵִ£̤˹֮
СǬΪƾ̣һǿƴǿ֮£ʲôأڷΪУʵǿôأ
ȳϻش𣬷ֺȵңͽԪָΪұһ
أ
ϵЦΪ𣿡
أ
ЦȻֹȵһڿòˣֻҪսۣ
뿪Ӯ

˵֣ΧǬڵӶ˵ţǬڵȫȫһˣǬϵ٣ǲ£ԣһ̣ϳеĵˡ
ʦ֣ϲ̤֮
ʦ֣Сһɫƣ֪ʲô죬ˡ
ʦܣ󣡡

ǬڵӸľĸ㣬˵Ÿл֮󣬷ʩչо̤̤ϣ˵Ȼ㲻붯ǾԶҪˡ
£о̤Ѿ̤۷壬ͬһ˲䣬ȭһŭײԱһкó£˸ǧײŹ֡
Ȼ͹ӿǰʱٲǰ֣֮¡ը죬֮ȴޱȣγԱȣΧȻֹͣǲţǸտʦ۾ʱֵ׼
ƴɱеķݣо̤ܽסȭܱסôܱôǿҲţ
һƣ
Ǭָ
򽣹һ
ǬԪն

ڰϢ佫Ǭ似ʩչһ飬ѳɰ֮״ɳԿȻǰһĻѪǬڣ
£һɹķײϵϣһײ룬ڵӼ״ǿŵڰȫ½Ҳ¶ЦݣһΪжҲˡ
ڴ˼䣬ױѾʧӰ٣Ŵ죬ųϣＱϣųһһһѿ
˿̣ÿһ˲Է˵޾ļ尾ǣӹȥ԰Ȼվкܡʱ򣬳˵ΪԼƵģ
㡭
ҲԸԶҲƣ
˵꣬ϲתȥô˵ǬڵӣǬҪ񣬾ʦԸģݲᡣ
ȴɫ԰ףʲô飬˸ǼѾȶڹ֮ΪȻʼµ˲򣬷ȴΪ̤֮ǿŴ򵹳ϵִڣԼСȴһĴɽ
뵽һҲȥһҪɱɱݺݵţѾóһ̽ŨŨϢȴƹضʦһı
ıƷ׸ߣһһЧǾǳʱ㲨Է̽Ҳоʲô쳣
ֽɱȥϣûа㷴ӦȻΧһЩǬڵ¶˲мûпѣ̽̽˳ϵ
ʱ򣬷һȣϣȥɣ
ҲԸԶҲң˵̽ˣ
ųϻıĶ̽ڻˣоԾϽҪıһʮȴûа㷴
ϧһǳѨ϶ٲ
Ѷ̽ôˣ
ʵҴδ㵱֣
䣬ӱˣУΪڱεӣƱһľ˵ƶ㽫㣡
ƮȥǬڵеı̬ȣΪеȴ˵ϼװˣֺȻ˶ȴûлκһ顣
̤ϵ壬ͬʱҲ뵽ǬǰҵȥΪ˶飿ô룬϶òܣȳֿһǰ·Ѿһˣ˵壬սΪΪԼֻΪǬڣǬڲţ
ֻгһеĻᣡ
۾һ˸á֣ȣǬ
мһɺȻѹضΪ֮۷Цأû壬ֻаǬ
ӿԡǬǰ㷽ʽתֻӡءǬǿѹ˲䣬屻ɢؼƣȫ˳ϵİ
屻վһߣ˰ǡǬһ̾ڿռ䣬ǰߣǰסһˣһȺˣѾվ
üͷˣڴʲô⣿
վǰȻںȵа䣬ս
С
ϵ³֣ʲôĿģ֮֮ˮڣͬʱϻЩսһ£


2092 ף
Ǭа
аȣ䣬һȻаֱϣа䲻һ棬а̺Ź֮һȭܽ飬ɳûҪһԵĽܡ
ɱӭɱ¶ͷʱȴĪΪŭƵĺԪ裬ԪһЧǿа
ϻơԪ衱ϵõƳɹп̷ġľ£ȻóӦУͷǧתȴ뵽ȭͷġʱ侲ֹ
ԪҲ󷨣ܹҪϣȭͷ󷨣Ч
뵽ĶʵԪеȻӣʱ侲ֹ˵ͲԶˣԣɷ򣬵̫ѣֻǻ̫졣
ԣа֮ʱϱһ£һĻúսߴģаǻǱаҪϺˡ
ɳϵ󷨣ʱش˳ʱаа𣬳Ϸſ磬̾алðһͷƺԪҩݣһڿУߴ󷨱Ļ
ûмȥΪԸΪ쿪һغϵսó˼·󿪣Ϊսߵа䣬ƺҲ
׷ս
Ωܣս
Ǭأ

һǬڵӣԱź󣬱һ̶̰ʱ֮ڣϻٶսߣȻսΪ̫ߣǣһȻûһͬȻ߷ҲǸͬ
ЩָȻڽ磬ǿ֮۴ЩǬڵӵȫԺԲơ
ǣȴϵӣḻ硣
⣬еһô
ڵսش˿ȥΪʼٸߵķˣ˵ĶǳδһܣϢȥΪʵǿǬڵ˳ҪɱסȥͷҪóʶǬڵǿ
ЩУ˷ʦ
ٶֲ֮ͬ󣬳̤ϵط壬ط壬Ҳվһˣһȥǹ֮Ϊǿߡ
ǶǬڵǿһʶϿݣЩէ࣬ΪǬڹ֮İǹ֮ģôܹҲǺֲܿġ
ǣϸȤˣܹеõµĶһδεսУǬԺԽԽˣ֮棬͸֮Ϊˡ
վڵĵһˣѾ˵Ԫڴˣֹ
ֻһУ
ϵ˵ԪƲ꣬ûбʽȴͻط񣬾ֱ籩ɱУ߷£һо˵ͣһ£
ˣ
ԪŭٳսˣˣΪߣ
Цֻ˵ķ񻹲
˵ʲô
ԸƬʱ䣬Ұһöħ
ԪֱӻصãħУȻ볹ףҸ㣡켴Ԫŷħϼ״ҡҡͷֵûдﵽޣķħ㻹Ҫ̾ſŲŹ
ʱԪͫ׷ŵȷʵԪƴЦãҾԸſŷħٴ븹ԪƷΧ˶ȥΪԵͻƳѪ
ҵķ裬棡
˵꣬˲䣬ȻײһǣԪԳصķ񣬱ײ䣬켴ϸƽշ硣
Ԫڵϣ۵Ĳţʵʲô裿Ԫƻش𣬳ѾһսߣԪ˼
һ·սȥʱ߷ϣǬ˵֪ⷬս˼ǬһսǬڵӵʵǻһ
ʱˡ
ԣҪһѣ

ۣȻö֪㿪ȥҲǺ޽ϻû뵽ȥԼս֮УʱѾ̤˵߷壬߷һˣǷʦ
ֹ
У
Ƿʦ𡭡
𣿻ս
սΣΣ
սҾ㣡ҷ㣡
֪СУǬ跨
ʦԳϵǳҲǳڳϵĳɳԣʩչطԣϸϸоʱüˡһ
費õģ
˵˼Ѿʦƴɱ棬ӵġһطǴӺζ𣬱桰ļʦɹؽ赽ˣȻԼϣԼϡ
϶Ȼӿٶȣ⺷̬̤һޱȵǬڵӣһ֮ǿߣȻ֮ǿߣõĲֹһУǬ͡ʱ侲ֹЩƶ˳ʤսø࣬Ϊ֮ǿҲڲʱ䡱Ȼ״̬
Ǭڵӿһս󣬲׳ϵӵʵرǳϾôೡսһ̶ûϢֱӻ˹ȥʱѾ߷塣
Ȼ󣬳Ͽ˰Ǭڵˡ
ñĻҪ죡
ǬӻǰҪԪָ˵ʦԸһչȵߣſ˵ˣ


2093 
ˣ
էһʣʱסٿһǰųرʻߣĴָϻһ߬ŵһģһĻԪָ˲ǰһֱǬĿģӦö˵ʿ϶Ǵ⡣
˼һʱ뵽սʵģҲֻս׾Ͳս֮УĹ󲿷һΪƾ̵ɱУȴȫһɺ𣿡
ҡҡͷһǼɱУǲͬϢȫڽ磬ţԺ͵رĳˡǬ̶֣֡ء
ǵȫںһǲǿһµأǬΪǬ
һԴ𣬳иǹɸоҲԽԽǿңǿҸоָģ˵ġǬǻΪȡǬΪɴʱƺ档
šǬȥԽԽжȫڡǬϷչģͺñǡءһٿһ£ԿһĴ½˵ĳ½Ϊʼչݻġ
òֻЩкܶܶ࡭
˼ŵʱǬһ˶ûа㲻ͷ෴ϵ仯ȫ˿֮󣬳ߣ³֣Ǭ
Ǭǳ˼ĳɹ
Ǭӵվŵĸˣ³֣۾ﶼһ£Ȼǻ⣬˵Ǳܹ˵֣Ѿ㹻ˣ㲻Ǳˣ㣬Ǭ˵ԶԶ߬ŵĻԪָ˵Ҳ
ǰָ̡
Ϲ˵ҡҡͷûָܹ㣬ָģֻԼ
ЩĻȴ˲С飬˲ﻮʱ˵˵ĥһǬ
ǵġ
Ǭҡ
һ㶣켴ͷʮšǬѾ˽ĸ½˿ٴۣȻšءķţͻ뵽ڵǿ½ݻȥ
Щǣһݻǿ½ʮɵұ۵½½ȵȶҪö࣬νһʯͷһˮһųȵȣȫû¡
Ǽ䣬򣬡½֮ݻΪӵǿ½ڣ½ݻȻȫܷӦأ뵽ǿصİ취Ǿǽһ½ǳȵȵԼУʱݻأ֪
ͷһĿǰҪĴáǬת磬ŸղŶԡǬǷ˼ãתΪһˮһ㣬ҳ˵ʮ㡣
Ȼֻһ㣬ǣȴϰٱ˿ٶӣģСڣһȭܽӸ顣
ųϵۣǬһ۾֣ǬӻƵƵͷﻹ˵ʵսѹʵ
ֻޱ飡
Ӻ󣬳Ϻȭͷ
ȭͷ䵽ǰ߻ûаַӦһ˲䣬ǬݺݴϣȻ˿ֲܣȴûƶֺȻ䡣
ȻϵߵʵĪ⣬ҲһȭߴɣţôҲ˳벽ȴϣӲһȭȴûκηӦģҪöࡣ

ǣ
ٴۡǬȥ֣߳ݿһ㣬ȹޱȵġǬȻѿȥתҲĿơ
󣬳ϵɳȥѪȾһأ޷Ӧֻٴ˵֣
ǣ
ȱľǼֻͣҪûƴսȥλǬȫȾ͹磬ض£˲ʹﵽֲȥľء
Ը֮ʱ϶Ĵ棬ȻȣǿҵĲУȻȱȥ
һƣ״̬ҪҾжңҪʹóֱֱ׹ײͣ
ʱߴѾϤ̹ĵز
ϵĻشȻΪһǡ֣
ĴȻΣգڳϿûڰ׼Ҵ屻ʱΣգϾǻİҪȡǰߣûҪ˼
Ӧ֮󣬳ƴվͬʱҪָ򣬱ʩչǬǣ棬ϲָֻûתǸӶ
תۼ䣬ӹȥĻҾ˾鵤ҩһ㣬̨ףϻë׶Ѫ飬þһзֹңûзŰ취һ취жȴʧܸգ֪ٴ֮󣬳Ҫʵһµİ취ʱȴ뵽ˮ뵽뵽˶뾲뵽ʵȵж
뼫Ϊ𵽼¿ɻˮ뾲ҵ磬һתʱ򣬿Կɾޱȵʱ򣬿Կ뾲ҲΪȻʱҾԻݻأݻǬ
ߵ۾һλ⡣


2094 Ǭ
ϵ뷨ͦʵʲѶȸݡ
簲شڣܳתʱ϶һܼޣǸޣܳȥǾǰһܳܳ޴ķɣϾͻˣ˻Ҫء
ڣ򣬳Ҫתһ㣬ҪĪ󹦷رǻҵܹṩ֮١
ţתһ󣬳ϻҪһķɣ
ԣʱ˿̣Ƿɣն˳ϵ֮ϣ
ѾѺۣǣǺˣͬʱʻѪ⣬йĹͷʼ˥ܡ֮״ǳϽһάתԵʣ
Ǽ䣬֮ǰǬڴɱķܵĳϣ˼£һͷڷѾʧˣԵ޹ʵ𣬶ǻָףƤǹͷüеĵֻۣڱת
ϸԼҪŹȥ
ڽֻתʱ˷ԯۣ֮ȷʵǳԯ֮ٵģǳûȥô̫
ڣȴܲ࣬˵פ֮ȴУǾͻɣ£ϽǻתġǬֻۡ
ֻƺоΣ󶯲ѣ͵˿ֻĹâУҲϡ޴󡱶֣ϵֱӽâ̾ײ硣
ȥֻ³ϵ뷨ʵ֣ͻᱻֻ۸ϻ٣ʱȼŵѪĪͬһ˲䣬ҵʦƽҲɢŹڻˡ
¼ʱȹһѹأֻţⲢûнȼ˹ͷЩͷ̲صҲǷǳ
ǣȼһõԶԶ֧Ļת
Ҳȼˡ
ϺϧֻԼʲôȼյġ
˲䣬˳ϵߡ
ȻܹȼյģϾΪȼ˴ݽ߶Լۻ룬Ҫһԡ
һ棬֮ϻ治ֱ֪תҶ֮£Ͻڻҵ֮ϣڡ
ߵ۾ڶ⣡
˺Щʱ򣬳ȷʵо緢ĳֱ仯ϧ仯ԵȻܱȼգϸоԼڷɿţһУȴ

ѵ
Ǭ˿˿֮ɫ˶ųһҲȻûз˾ųϡȥʵǬ𾪵ģǳϿʩչһɱУǳǼͲݵΪʱûпа־ɥеֻƴ߾ȫƴ
һϢϢϢ
ڼֵϢʱͻصȥڳҪȫص˲䣬ߵֶһ£ʱ±㲻ǿΪƽʯͷ棬һų߼ĳӣ
Ǭǿӣֳһ
ӣǬأ
ϵǬУǬҺ壬ͷӿСͷϵ˽ȥȥһ̣ϸоԼѾץǬصһ˲䣬ָоָˡ
ϼ̰ǬеҺ壬Ĺ޾ʱҪ̰ʵЩҺԳ˵ǰһرڴ˿̣ǬеҺҪĵӡ
ˣȻͳǧ˲ȵĵرпܻܲòʵ䷴Ҫһʱϵ֮ʣǬҺӿʱǿάֵ壬ͱݻ˺һЩ
ǳѾںˣͣظԼһҪƴȥֻƴȥܻԡ
ЩҺ壬ȫתƴĻǬȴûע⵽Ǭ˵ϣд𾪣ҡ
Ǭˣλͬһ㣬ʵС񷣬𾪵飬̫࣬ڣǾԼ𾪻
ǬأȻֻоų߼Һ壬ȫĻܳΪһƬ󺣣ңص㲢ڶ࣬Һϣ
Һ壬Ϣڣɱõģ֮ҺֻõĽΣҺϡͶ
õȴԴ
ǬеҺ忪ʼˣԽԽˣǬӻҺ壬ˡ
⣬ǬӲɿߣ촽鶯ҪȰ˵ʲôɼߵģǬסˣˣ֮󣬳ۡϧ
Ǭ֮ϣǬڵ£ܹԽսܹЦķӣ벻ǬҪȻۡ
Щ޹أƴŹѵһʶѣҲϢ䷢ű仯Ļת㹻֧š
˿̣Ϻ޲Ǹ£ӻңǬеҺ壬ͿҪ׵ʱĻڴﵽ۷塣
زأһУΨлң
ϽΪǬ
ڳһ˲䣬Ծ𣬽Ǭߡ


2095 ı䣬ʰ
ϸռǬܵĿռ䣬ܲסǬҲȥֻûжǬأǬлҺ壬ҡҡͷҲ¶ϧ֮⡣
ֻߵĿϧǬǵĿϧȻ෴ǬǿϧЩҺ̵̫࣬ȴǿϧû̵óף
Ǭɨǰʱ߲ջؿϧ񣬵˵ʱ䵹
ϸоԼǿƥѸٵʧڶȵڶ֮ʱָоȻϮͬǣһεʱ䵹ǼٵģһΣȴʵġ
Ǭǵĺ˱ǰϵǰ˵ˣǬأеҺ忪ʼӡһʱ䣬ˡ
ǿѹסе𾪣ȫĵȥоšʱ䡱С
ͣصعȽ磬س˵ǬسϸǬʱֵʱ٣
ʱ¾ЩѾ飬һһ٣Ϻ࣬ϸһ룬ʲôף֪벻֮䣬Ͳһ
һ߻Ŷԡʱ䡱⣬ﻹӿһԽԽǿҵĳ嶯ǾأܿʦЩʱ뵽⡣
ڵĳϣʩչġʱ䵹ڣǬڹȥ˲䣬˾᲻ܴܲܳɹҪһԡ
ȥһģ
ôģ
ϲ֪ϽɡǬǰתͬʱʲôطģʱպǬس֣ʱ⡣
ǬҺǿ󣬳ϵȻ֪ǰеĿϧҲԣϾһǬϡ
ϸоǬҪʱϽǬأʱ֮ǰûаֶҡǬأĿ⣡
Ǭص𵴣ǱܶӣҲһ£һ£ǬʣµҺ壬ҲһɾҪҺתڽǬһȴڲãЩҺ˳ϵ֮С
ϻȥ˼еΪʲôʱ١ѾصȭͷҪϵһ˲䣬ʱһȭͨͨһȭȭ
ȻǹȭɳȴоԼǳ£Ǻܶ࡭
䣡
ϵ˷ȥ˰벽ɫ¶԰֮ɫɲ԰׵ϣȴ¶һ˿΢ЦȻ߿˵ȴڵһξӦɾʱ䵹ͼУλأܵҸղеĹֵ
ǰ
ʦɣ
˳׵ǬӵٴγԾҪǰȴӻ֣˵еҩǬȫţܽ׾ߣȫȡھһץһʱ䣬ҵΪ
ʦ𡭡
ȥæԼ°ɣҺ⺢˵˵
ǣ
Ǭ˳ȥһӣ죬еĵǣеļе˷ܣеĽߵǾ仰ţǬڽд
ߵԱߣأſڵϣ˵Ͼ˵ʦʦħӣԸǻصǬڣʦȫ
˵һ˵
֮ǰ٣һˣϱ㽫֪ʦ¼˵һ飬˵ΪĴˣħӵ֣¼Ǭڡ
ллʦ
ǬԸħʦԸ˿̵ʵ֣ǼĬʦѾǬڵˣ𣿡
ʱ˵˵һ˵Ĺ£Ϊ㲷˶ΣҪôòҪô͵õһ㡣
ǡ
˵Ӹճӽˮ˵һֱ˵Ǭڣ֮ûзʲôۣ۾һĨ˵ѻԪָó
ϵݳԪָڶ˼ˣߵֻԪָɢδйĹʣȻ
ʵǲǺɻ㻽ʦ

ű֣µý̫ʦ棬ĴˣܹŻԪָٻصǬڵˣԣ㵱ʦ˵ţóĴָԸϴϣ˵ӽöԪָ㣬Ԫָﻹһ㣬Լʵʱȥ򿪣ס
ǣ
ޱµ˵о˵ⷬķʦԸϻԪָڽĳʽϲ˵ˣҪȻҲöԯ֮һǬʦĵطسоͶ˼УټǬȣ˿̣ʦϸоԣﵱļҡ
Ѿܾû˵ˡ
ߺǻζЦʦ룬Сʦ˵һЦ㲻û½ˣ
ҡ
ϺգЦʰɣеʣʳ㵽һҲ֪ˡ
ԣ۾һ뵽ʱ䵹æʵʦǰ˵ʱ䵹ɱΣǲ˵ܹĵǰ飿


2096 ֮
˵ʣʳΪĵ⣬ܸܲıȥ
һЦʵʱ䵹У֣
ұˡ
Ǹ𣿡
üͷϣ˼֮⣬κ󣬳ҡҡͷΪӣɽֵĸое˼·߼˵ʩչʱ䵹Ϊø֮ʱٽɱһȥ㲻ڣȻʩչʱ䵹ɾ˵ѾûãΪһ˲䣬ڡһˣȥûı䣬к壿
Ҳ˵ĵǰᣬҪڣ
Ϊ㲻һܸģڶνҺɸɾһ
ϽһĻϸϸ켴ʱһûиȷĴ𰸣ֻ˵ĥģȥ
ʵ֪һЩóϸ˼·ҪóԼ·Ӧһʵֵʱ䵹
һʱֵʱ䣬Ҳʱ䣬Ҫұ٣ʱ䵹Ҳʱ䵹ʵǿһӵǧ꣬ҵʵֻ㵹һ꣬ǽԶ
ߵıЩ˵ʦڻûһ꣬һֱӽҵûˣ
ˣһ硣
ˬʵЦ֮ǰȣֱˣ켴˵Ȼδһ꣬ľ㹻Էˡ

ϲ⣬߽͵һ̷һö鵤Բʲôǧꣻһˣֻ꣬ÿ춼Լøǿ侭¼ˣǰߣֻҪʹǰʱ䵹Ըİٷ֮һܽߣҿҪʹʵܶԸˡ
ʱ䡢ʵйϵ
ߣкܶء
ʱȹʱأ
ʱ䵹ֻʵʱ䣬ʱжȹһֻ꣬һĻҲֻһ죬ֻһҪܶ๦򡣡
ϳ˼ʵ;˵ڵʱһĶ̰壬ǰΪƣڿƣҲƣϵﲻ뵽Ҫʱʱ䣬Ǹöãҵʱ̰壬ô̡
ð뷨󣬳Ϻץһʲôȴָоʵʣһߣʵܳɹʩչʱ䵹ǶԷȥģǲǶ֪
ֻʵѣ㻹վҪطпʵ˵⡣
⣬ܿʦڵ̽طʱ˼ƽϣʵǵڶأ
ڶղѾ˵ʵ֣ʵ㹻ǿǿԵֿʱĹǰʱ䵹ںе㣬ˮʱ䣬ˣѣȻȥԻӥʨʵʱ䣬Ƿһǿʱ䣬ôѵģǬʵǿһٱпҵʱ䵹
ϵһǬжúܣǿһٱ϶оԼЩ˵ǬҺҪúĥĥȾ棻ȻǣȻĥңҲҪĥ⣬ǿʵͬʱʱŪˣҪסԼģ㳹׺Ϊﵽ֮
棡
𾪣Ժֳ︡Сڴ򿪡ֻϸֵǸ桱֣̤֮֮֮Ĺؼʱ䣡Сڴ򿪵ĵ֣ʱ֮
߼𾪣˵漴ʱ䣬죬ȥδУϽ£ȻʱתСȡ˳ʵʦСʲô

ߵ۾Ǿ⣬ҲһۿЩ𾪣˵Ҫȥ½Ѱҡ
ϽС磬СԶ³½ֵСڣҲʦ˵⣬оʦһЩߣֻʦ˵Ҳûʣתʵʦǰ˵ҵסйǸ𣿡
ӦŪĶ֪Ѿ´ֻ֣²֮󣬾ͻҵ㣬ǰеĹҪעĵط

Ͼ׽˼飬ʵԯʲô𣿡
½ϣ֮ǰ˽⵽½ǲ˵½ǳսĽ֮أ
ϵ˵ͷ
˵ǹĴϢսĿʼ̡û뿪½½˵ǵͼ½ȫΪԭɡ
ʦ½ʲô
µĵطɡ
䵭ȴųϿ͸ζһ˼ʵ˵ҵѰģʦҵʲôã
ܹͻ֮һµľ磡ڵûдﵽ̶ֳȣԣռӡ
µľ硣
ûȥ֮ʲôʦ˵ղűѾ˵ˣ˼һʵʦҵռ״̬ʲô
µĿʼ


2097 Ϊ
ʳǸԼҲǻڴʦĻش󣬳һʱûзӦ֮ھ׽仰µĿʼôһµĿʼµĿʼζʲô
ûдϳϣƾ˼ֹ˺һϲľľʵʦǲռزͱһȻֻΪһأ

ߴЦһأҲ̫СԼˣҪǻأǾͲһһأжǾû֪ˣҲ֪Ҳ֪
Щɡ
˵úþ˵֮٣ֻе֪һ£
ⷬ׳־Ļȴһɺݾ֪Լϲ䣬ȴҪĺݾͻأ뵽һֿܣĪʦҲҪܲסˣҲҪΪ
߻˵ţҪΪͻƣΪ޾ûܹǸѣ㣬еı
Ǳ
֪ΪʲôôôĻ𣿡
ΪҵƬ֮£
ϲ²˵ҡҡͷն˵ΪӲ㹻ӲƬ֮֮
һ£ֻһǺ£Բʮ˼ǧ궼߲·ǣֲǺ£ڲ֮£ƬΪҪôĻҪģõԽ࣬þԽ࣬ԣƴɣ㻹лʱԼøǿƴߵߵһµĵط
ЩǰĵǣڳΪʵಢȫǺ£ÿһǣһһҪԼпܾȥû
ʦСӼסˡ
ߵ˵ͷ˵
ԯܸ
ʼҲΪԯˣɺ鵽һЩ飬ΪܸٺҲ²⣬ԯǸѣԯǿţļƻȫʵʩ˵ӱܽѣֻϧļƻ̫ĲȶԣرֻǺٻղţ֮Ҳģֻͷ­࣬ͷ­Ҳ½ϣ࣬㻹úңԯֶΣô˷ֵģԣⲻá
Ͻ⻰ʵʦ˭ӵıվ˭
ûʵ֤ҵĲ²⣬Ҳ²ӱվŵģһңҪߵĴڣпڽУ棬ҾúֵǣһôĬĬţ춯صض²٣ǣҲǰļأûһڣһۼ棬治֪˴Ӻδ
ȻҲܣЩ飬Ҳ֪⣬Դ̤ʲ٣֪˵֪ĻҪࡣ
ʦض½ʲôĴڻɵģ
Ҳ֪Ĵ𰸡
ϿЦʵô¶ʲôϸ˵꣬߾ӳһѶڳϵǰ϶ۿȥһز
һѶȫƣ൱ǿĳϣһɨȴɨжٿ飬ţһһ˺Щ򣬲
һʮ飡
ʮ飡
ѿھҪ֪ôãڲͬĵطͬľеõʮĿ飬ʮ磬תǰҪǽЩһϣЩˡ
ǰоһЩϤϢƣжٿƣ
֮ǰԼľʱûϸʲô˵Ҳֻᵽʦûаԥ˵ʮĿ飡
ϵĻش𣬵ʱסˣȳϸ𾪣ȷʵʮƱʮĿ࣬ȴǧ깦Ǭ֮ѰҵģϾһˣڶ̶̼ʮ깦򣬾ҵô࣬ǲȡ
֮˵ˣǲһ㣬ƣܽҿ𣿡
ʦЩڽˡ
ֽƵĲ²˵˳꣬üͷ߶ţڽ硭˰죬˵㿴ܴܲЩʲôȻʮƾˡ
ʦ
ٴδ󾪣̫ˡ
һ㶼ǰ˵𣿵õԽ࣬ҲԽ࣬˵ܲܶȹǸѣҪϣ͵ɡ
ɣû˿ۣ켴˼˵֮ǰڰ׾йϰ꣬ȫܳסǰĹٷȥڿʱ뿪Ǭڡ
ллʦ
һ֣߰㲻лң˵ҲΪԼֻҿúԶҪҿöһ㣬¾ֱռҲ
ԣһЦǰʦŻԪָ飬ǿ¶ʦ棬Ҳ塣
߼֮ǰĻ⡭


2098 ǣų
жٿ飬Ҳֵ֪ģ֪ǬҲл֪̺ŵܺ󣬲ſʼҡ
ͣ£˼һֵڿƵܣǹȵô򵥣ܽѼ룬ӦûնֻϧôҲҵʮ顣
ͻأ۾һ˵п϶Ҳвƣ⣬ǸӵҲӦò٣ŬԼʵȥǵġ
ǡ
Ͽ˷ܼӣҲǼ˵
úӡ
һɨ۱ףһ䣬ֻشϵֹ˺һʱ䣬еʱһ䣬˵ЩѣȴǬ𣿡
ȻܣҪãǬһء
ʲôأ
һ·սɱУǲûκһظģ

ǬڵĹأǬڵĵӣ߳ףֻҪһʱûдﵽҪ󣬾ͻᱻ̭ҪǬˣ˼⣬Ҫ߳ȥͱȽˣΪǱҪһŲͬĹ򣬾ԶǬڣҲ߳ȥ
⣬һĶûУЦ˵ʦǿûǬҪǬ𣿡
˭˵һҪǬܴµĹǬΪǬ޲Ǭ֮У
˵һڵֶЩ⣬һ˲뵽أ뵽̫뵽˵һȵȣκ󣬳ϸ˵ʦܽˡ
ξ
ǣ
£ϴʱаѾ䡢衢˾ͽһȫ˳ҲΪȴĻҶܵӰ졣
Ͻ˵һ˵˾ͽ˵µĹҵ壬ֻʹһ½
ǵĵ˺ǿԣҪľǿԼʵȥ½£ҪģƬգһкܶҪҲҪ˶ҾͻˡңǬڵӣ
ԣ˵ֻ֮һǬڵӣһϣԺúô졣£Ҳʲô˾ͽӰֱʧˡ
ϼ״ϲҲ֪֮ˣһͬǿԼʵһ˸֮ãǬҲеʥأǰ붼û˿ȴǬڣŹᡣ
᲻õģܿڳ˵ֻءһӦȻչ˺Լֱܿʦҡͷѣ̫ܿɵ
Ͽܿ㣬д󶯣ץס֣ܿ˵㣬ߡܿＫΪˣҪӦ뵽£˵᲻ᵢ㣬Ҫ㼱Ļ͡
ҵģ

ܿʦ𿴵ֱӰһֹۣɵɵ켴뵽ϣ˵Ҳɵһ㣬ǲǾͲˣ
ʱ˵ܿĸײôµĹΪܿĸײߣ
ȫȻ֪ǬҲȫĿǰΪֹǬȴ൱ȫĵطȡɽءҪȫ뵽ɽءϱ뵽š
ʦҪϣܰʮƶϣȻںЩϣҪʲôУֻҪǬС
Ǭڲ֮ףˣҪôҪĲϣǬڶУУ࣬ҶǼƷϡ
Ϊ֤šĿԣϵʱв˿̵ʱٴαǿǿԭʮ֮⣬СҲߵʱ乥֮Уõ˺ܶջ
ܿҲʱųϡ
ʱʮ󣬳ϽؼǸšƺãֻʮ죬úһһСǹ̶ģСǳЯ
켴߳ʱóϽԴĴŰ֮ǰǬءֵĵطֱ⣬ûжʣ̶һԣȻУһû͸УҲŷΧֻǬԵʣ½ǾͲ֪ˣġ
˵Ҿ͸ˡ˵꣬ӳһöָ˵ٶȣ̵ʱｫЩ
Ͻӹһָﾡ鼮֮࣬ҪóȥҪһѪȷĶǬĸ߽׹󷨡ȵȡ
ԣֽʱʱСֶǶõĶ棬һãֻһ¹򣬲żȫ
СȥöͬʱݾǳȥǰؽҲȥһͨȴ֣ؽҪȥսǸȡ
ԴˣϵȻǾ˫޳ɣ
æЩ󣬳ϲſܿܿôãʵ𣿡
룬Զ롣
ɵѾͷ
ϴܿƧĵطɽˮ䣬Ҫ˵ܿݸһЩҩ裬ʵЩʲô
ԼƵģܹܹĻָƣܼ˵ǱҲ̫ĺ֢
Щ򰮶
ܿ״Щң˵⣬ǲѾûˣҡ
ãȻá
ϼæץʮָۣӵ֮أһƾն֡


2099 
¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼
ܿ˴ŨŨǧ㰮飬˰𣬲֪ƣȼţŹأ󣬲ɢ
ܿŵĲɬҸе飬ֱҪڻ棬ؿţʱʣǧһ֮С
ãܿ˵ҵ㡣

ˣܿģܿţһֱţİӰѾʧפ
ϲûо䡢ǣһʦڵųϣһϴһ֮أ˵߽ȥʮʱܵ½
ллʦ
ûʲôлģΪ㣬վΪҡ
Ȼ˼ϵͷ̤˽ȥһȥͱһ̾оȥЩ죬ΪⶫǴֲǺڶȴƫƫߵĺۼ
оʱջ֮󣬲ŽעϿûʲô仯ɳϸҿ϶ʮ֮ĸڷű仯Ȼ仯ǳȷʵС
ؽսŹȣݲֹսУؽڱǿһ£һΪؽղնʽûмġ
ô״ϵȻΪϲؽ֮꣬Զˡ
עɨ꣬͵Ӧһ֮﾿ʲôֻ´λˡһЩĩ֦ϸڣϿʼھ֮£ǿСڳŪŵʱ򣬾ͰѾݳҪģǿ١
һʱòˣֻǰϰ취ʱֹͣǳǿ֮һٴͨ
Ҫʱ䡣
һʱϾĥʱ䡱оʦʱ乥ò٣죬죬죻ȥڣδ
ϻ½ʱȴ֪ʦѾǬʵȫѰƣߣǬڿɴӦһ
֮⣬߻Ը񷣬Ǭڴأ
һʯǧˣ
һߣ롰ɽءѾԶй˳ѰʱҲȥͬʱɽеĸϣܵظоΣڿʼ
ҩȣڽӭһĥˣĥóѪܹҩûʲôԾΪҩȥѪܹҲ٣żóһЩҲ㲻ʲô
ɵĥͣȡѪܹҩɫڱˣĥôһ¶ĥĻޣʱΪ˵ͼӴס
ҩϢ˳ȥͬʱҩĥΪĥϣһ㲻ޱǿȴŷǱѰϢ
ͬʱǬڵĴѾΧش˿ȥһЩڵһʱõϢõϢʱ磬󣬵һЦڲŶóҿںǰͶˣҪˡ

Щ飬ϲ֪ѾΪҪ˶ʱ䣬ܻص½ˣ˵ˣ϶У½ҲвϤˣСİصȵȣҪǣ½ǳϵļ硣
һǳرļ硣
֪Ǳչʲô̶ˣʱڵҪأţͻȻоһŤٳʱȴٲ֮УĿѾǼϤĿ
ûȥһӹҵ飬ǿ˿Χ켴ѷ죬Ҳѷ죿½жѷ죬ǲÿһѷ죬涼У½Ϊʲôѷ죿
ͷϴռȥȻлкܶܶʣЩȻȫҪˣϳֵĵطͦԶԳϽʱյʵʲô
ϴɵһɽǿ˴꣬˵ζһһ·Ҳ˵ʱҪóȥһ˵ĻƬ̼ܵ
˼䣬Ȼ˵ʮʱѾˣˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ġ
ȻȴǼᶨޱȣЦѾ֪֮ǹ֪֮ΪʲôôҲ̤֮ӦҵҪҾ͸㡣
ġ
֮壬Ҫ̤֮һΪսǧ˴츳˷˵飬ѡ
ġ
ҪˣٵȴȥҲһհˣ磬ǿʳ磬ֻҪʵУʵǿˣͿҵǸˣ
ѭѭţȻĻشȻֻĸ֣ģ⣬ֱҪ裬ԭϣڳϣǣһȥأԽ˼֮£ŽȻϣȻһӣ
ֻ취кܴķգɹʲ󣬵ʵǵȲˣȻȻǳ⣬֮£ֻա
治ӦȻֱӲݣȵԼѡģӣ㽫òһҲһ͵ήڷ硣
ŨŨȻΧȻһ㶼ãʱըȣȻһˡ


2100 һ
ըȾ쾪׶Ҫ죬ֱȻĶǺͽŨŨĽ𵴵ûζȻͬʱȡ
ֻǣȻǾϲ
ǾʵѾǿֻһˣ
ͷû꣬׹䣬ȻŽơ֮࣬ȴֹ˳ϣһ䣬Ȼǰ
ǰȻһģϵ޼һľ˫˵ܱǸȻˡ
֪ģڵ㡣
ȻһЦ΢棬˵ʹߡ£ɢĽǰǸӣ˵ϣ㻹Ҫ
ղ˭˵ҪòҪή磿
䣬ѽȻУҪ̤ȥھڳϾȻЩĽæعŵңҪҳȥġ
˵𣿡
ΪʲôҪߣԻˡ
˵ŵʱͻ㣬ڣҲ½գԣȻܾ㡣

ˣڵʵѾܹҳȥˣҪϾң

һЦǣȻ߳˶ŭŨŨĻɫתתһƣƬ֣ϣҪѳһߣȵ
ʩչġơֱӱըȥһǱըըôģֹԳ棿ѵ˿µķ֣
ųϵûаϢҲû뵽ϻ껭ԱȴһӲвͨˣתϽ׷˳˵ϣֻҪңҪʲôҶ㣬ҡ
һ£æ㲻ǻǲʱҿԸ㣬ȷʵʱҿԸԭʼģʱҪʱһ죬ͽһ꣡
òˣңһ꣬Ҳ̫ˡ
˵ʵСܲȽ˵ǿüʱˣһ㶣ʱ֪ĳڳ⣬֪ģɽѾ˲ôˣǵһϣܾˣôܷ˵ǰҵЩ⣬ҶԻش㡣
Ҳ֪ı㻹ҪһЩ
ǵֻǽȻյøʱҲ˳ĴָϵĻԪָعǬˣ
Ĵȣûлش𣬽һǰЩһóϲòУڣĵȫûˡ
ƲУղУֻܴˡ
ϣղҶȻðҿǸңЩ꣬ҲȻΪ棬֮ܲûйҲпͣУǰҪҸ㿪ؾķôܻص֮أҲкôĻҲͲܱôǿ
ͣ˽Ų˵òʱ֮ص൱أҪǻȥˣ룬ôһ룬ϻعͷ˵˵ҿؾİ취ĿģҿԲƽϣҸһᣬͿܲܰסˡ
ԼСƵóѣΪɣæʲôᣬ˵
ұѧĿģʲôУҾ㣬֮Դң
Գ⣬һ˼ŨŨĽ΢΢üͷһ壬оʲôɲ̽ȥûз״ʱ˵ѧȷʵΪԼΪҪңͱõҳȻὫ㵱ˣ
𣿡
Ȼǡ
ҡҡͷ˵ܸҷôһܸң᲻ռҵ壬
òѾɷ˰ɣĪȴǺԥػشˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǾ֮ôռأڷ֣ǻ㣬Ϊ֣һǳΣյ飬ûоָ֮ͨпܻҪһңҲûи㡣
һ˵ЦˣȴûаסͲܹˡϲҪգ뿪ɾʱϸоȻ
Ȼôˣ
ϸϽעȥȴûãȻԽԽȣϹעѹƲסϲаѪȻҲǻͣȫֹд󾪡
ʱղŻֵÿĽЦûõģ
㵽׶ʲô
ûʲôֻصѡЦУǵó֮ζѾˣȻ֮壬㻹ѹס֮壬ˡڡֻ֮ϣܾһʱ֮ͻᱬҪھ뿪ֻҪֵ߳ĵطȻͻ
ղŹȻֽţ
ղֻӶѣʮʱҶֽţ

Ǹϣ㵽׾ȲңٲȣȻҪˣ


2101 £ɱ
вң
ϻɢɱɱŨʵ֮ЩĽնüѷ죬˵ǰҶ뷨㿳ô£Ҳ⳥ˣϣǵĶԹһʹֻҪҾ͸ҩ뿪ȥڣΪȻǻ£Ƕ˵Ǵ£ȻҲǡ
һʹŮˣ𣿡
Ȼţȴ֪˽֮壬Ҳʮ˶ٶһʱ֮䣬ûа취׽ڡ֮ԣΪȻǽвҲǴӦ
ȻϵİԵ֮ȻЦ⣬Ӳҷʵϣʵ￪ٳһռ䣬ý֮̽𣿡
ܡ
ϵ˵ͷһʱ֪Ȼ˼Ҳڷţȳϵͷ֪ѾˣҪȻǺ˵ɱͻŰ
ʵڡ㲻϶Ķǳý⣬ֻҪھУǣ׼˳ϵԸ񣬾Բ¶Ҫ˼Ϣʱ䣬Ͼͻͬ⡣
һЦҾв㣬
ҵˣôܹв
ȻһĻҺɫУȻ󣬽㿴Ȼ˳ϣ˫˲䣬һ׸ղȻǸ˼ȻоЩǣѾ˳ȫ⣬ý
ͻһĻЩɵˣ϶˳ȴû뵽۸ڶȻȻȥҪڡ
ҪŮģ治һۿȻûаһŮȴϣվǻ棬ʱһ仰Ůģ롣
ڽİգ棬ȴǴⰻȻ
տʼϻȰ˵˵ܹһʱ֮ھȳýҩ𣬾뵽Ȼ˵ҵˡ⼸֣뵽ȻʮʣŶٿ˵Щ̫αˣһȻġ
ǣ׹ػ𣬸ɲһ
Ȼ˵ҲˣʵµòľǣȻԵģǱˣǳϣеˡ
ǣ̵ӣɢ޾ջ󣬳ϻû뵽ڡá֮£һ羰
߽ŨŨ֮
ˮɣˮ齻ڣ
ڣ
һ˲䣬оһӴ쳣ӿÿһһİ档
ţתоŸ󣬽ȻӣظоҲȻתһȦ鼰ÿһ缡ÿһ䣬ͬҲǾŸֻصϵ
һʱоˣøΪǿ󣬶Ҷǹģ֮壬Ҳôһ⣬ȴİȻ֮⡣
ʱ䣬뵽˵ĻڣǴ¡ͬʱȻҲ뵽ʮǰ˵Ǿ仰ܺ㡭һɱ䣡ɱ䣬Īô
ǻȻ׽û˵ʲôڣ֪ˣڣңʲôɱ䣬Ҳоˡ
Ϊһ̣ң㣻Ϊһ̣ڣ
˵ȻźߣŽģ֮壬ҲģһУޱ
Ŀԣű˴ˣȻ
ѭӾŸʮ˸ʮ죬ʮ죬һ졭ѭȥ޾һ
ǹѩһԽԽ󣬴綼תǡǬת״̬УϷ˵ʮһ㣬ʮʮ
һһĻ㣬ڳǰ
˱仯ȻϽһжоúеûصùǰҲй쳣ֻǴε쳣α̫΢ˣΪ֮Եʣ
켴ϲȥ룬ֻǽȻý쳣ı仯Ȼİͬʱ뵽ܲҲȻһڿռ䣿
ŵʱˮΪٳڿռĳûаգΪһξ̫żȻԣȻеַգͷǧת⣬һһһһټ㲻ܿٳڿռ䣬Ҳĵ츲صı仯
뵽һЩȻĵóϴΪϲǣЩתûֹϵĶֳһų϶ȥ

ȻȻǸоϵĶûгʣϣԣųϣ
׵ڣóϽԼ뷨˳ʩչȥ;ϸоһڣͷһ˼ʱˣȻ˵Žڣ⣬㾫ǿĻҲһڽȥ

ȻϸĸţȻһУ˿ڵ״̬£ܾʱ׼Ϊ֮ʱǿޱȼѣ衣
ûãϾݣΪزȻꡢڣûһ谭ͨޱȣ͸Ƶġ
ʱ֮ĴѭѴﵽһǹ£ֻɢ˹â


2102 һ
Ȼꡢǳںһʱĵڳϵĸ֮£㷢ŷ츲صı仯ӿȻǹѭʱҲΧŵת
ֹЩʱ䣬ϸɣûһʱͷȻĵȻȻݻţһһźԵı仯
ʲôԭ򣿡
벻ͨ͸ǰζǸʱҲûгֹȥֻܽ״ΪȻǱ֮壬ڡ
εܻУȻĵݻ˺ڿռһĴڣѾҳ硰Ǭתʮ㣬оǹµĳϣΪݻնˡ
Ȼóϸ𾪵ģں棬Ȼݻڿռ䣬ϾͲȻڿռңӦ˼ĴѭҲΪת
һתȻϵϢͿʼ仯Ϣɢ֮ϢȻҲڸһЩݡ
ĥһһһһᣬڷŵ£ó뵽е£ͺñ̫ȻڿռͺñӴǿǳΧתǳ
һˣ鲻ԽתϵǳѨϣʱ±仯Щ˲ٿռǳѨϣڳھȻƶ
óϴһֻ֤֤Լ뷨ûжǳѨϣȻˣˣһȻڡ
ȻҲһ⾪ˮ齻ڵĻ֯һ𣬻ǱһζֻĿǰͻЩľ
һĶãţЩǳѨܽȻܹ𣿶ңǳѨܶڵǳѨϻܡ
ȥϱоתǳѨϣ·棬ÿһǳѨϣǿԻǳѨϡ
Ӻ󣬳Ѿʮ㣬ȻҲ˴ΪϢȻ֮ɱ䣬һжôȻȻû˿͡
ȻǿϵȻˣѭԽԽң˵ĴϢҲӴأʮѭͻֹͣȻĺһջ֮
Ȼǰ֮ﵽ۷壡
һ̣
һ̣ڡ
һ̣ȻһԾ̺֮ŨŨ
Ҳһ̣ʮ㣬ֻʣһƴĻûҵңһһ޺𣬳УлСݷѿ
Щȫ磬һδ仯򡢹ȵȣһƣʵҲȷʵˣĴСѾáɡߡǧס֮ĵλ壬һӦȥǲһ½ʲôңֵͼ½ڵĹģѾܺ½ĴСȡ
ȺɽɽзޣˮɺϺǳ̶ˮȴǳԱǿѾһƬɭ֣ɢŨŨϢ֮ѳɳΣаƶ䣬
żҲǳ֣½ֵʱ䣬൱ƵҲǺȣ磬գļһ㶼Ķ֮࣬ǰһ̻ڻУһ̱㻯Ϊһ
ֹ󣬶˵ϵ磬Ȼƣ
һ̣ǹڳԺ˲ˣ֮ʱǡֻĿУչ
϶ۿȥǣͿһһĻ棬οɱϴˣˡһʱ򣬻沢ûֹͣǼȥ
ڡֻݻĻУϲ󣬺ðΣ϶û˵һ仰ֻǽŻȥЩϵط룬޾
󣬳Ͽ˻ݡľ˴ɽա¡ǳкܶܶ࣬صĶһɳȴо߲һ
ֻݻš
Դ˿̵ĳ˵ϸоʱǷţɶĽ˵ǾǶ꣬ÿһ˲䶼Ǽ尾׼һŵѾˣȻܹڡ֮˵ʵǻӣ֪Ǿᵽʲôزϣһˣܹҳȥ
ȻҲõĶӿӴΪڿռ֮⣬ȻԺﻹһЩڡ硱Ķ
ڣֻݻµĻ֣ɳϸоݻû꣬һжֻǣ۳۸ȥ߷ֻá
˺öΣϲͣŸղŵĻ棬ЩֵĶе̫ΪһΪأ
ϸЩ棬뵽Ȼڣ뵽˵ƽ⣬ʱüϺͣƽĺͣƽ⣬ܳ󣬻Уܰԣˮлɡ
ģģ壬
һһ
ųϽһ仰ֻԶȼȼ֮УжڽӦš
ϾͽȼյġֻſţԺǬ֣


2103 Ծ
Ǭ
ɻʱֻѾȼմм̻ң׹䣬ͬʱĺѾֹͣд仯Χ١
̻Ҫڵʱ͵ط˳һӽ̻Ҿ˽ȥֳУϼ״˵Իҽˣϴػǵֻһαһθ߼
˵˵֪Щҽ϶ַʵı仯ϻ벻ףΪʲôֻȼգԺᡰǬ
ǬǬأòƺ͵
ţͻ뵽һҪ⣬ֻΪʲôҪȼգ
Խ룬Խ󣬿ƫƫĿǰʵнӴϢƽ⣬ֻʳһһ⣬ֻ˭µģΪλڵ¥֮УѪؾ¥ʦ棬Щ棬϶жϵϧˮûˣȻҲõҵʱˡ
λϵõĺô٣֮壬Ҫʩչ֮࣬ǾֵǹǿʵϢѾˣΪϰˡ
õôģֻгϣСؽȵȣ꣬ʻϿСŮоСŮҪˡ
֮£˯еСڣ仯֮ʱһ۾ɻȫѹٴγ˯˹ȥȻǵõһγ˯
ҪڵʵʩչǬ֪ܲʱӣʦܲܽӵ¡뵽Сڴ򿪵ֵֻ֣϶ʱйأҴ򿪣õ棬ʱ䣬С
һȦкܶҪ˵ȴ˵գȻʵȻ𣿡
á
ȻǰǷģβסҸϱȻֺ´һȻ˵ȥɡ
Ҫ𣿡
ȻնȴóȫңһܾĻ;Ȱɣǣǰ㲻ˣܳ¡
ãġ
˵ȥϣٴγŨŨ֮УԽĲ۳ɵ۾ȻȻһȣ֮㾹ȻֱӴ˻֮
УĿֿϣӣһӴ۳۾ֱɢѣʱвҺòĵʵϣڵʲô磿ʵжǿܸ𣿡
Ҫԣ

񶨣͸ϣֻóϺΣպΣգȫʢʱ̣Ҳһ³ϣȻȥԣɽֲģ˼ʵ˵һˡ
ԡ
İ
Ȼģ˵ˣͲپˣѡҸأѡҾ㣿
һʱûع˲伤˵ȣȻǾȡ
˵˵ɣ㡣
ܼ򵥣ȽƬٵȻ󣬰ѲסӵӴ飬Ҿܵþˡ
ӣ
Ҳ˵ٵˡ
Ҳá
˵תͷȻҪȥ³⣬дһʣȻҡҡͷ΢΢Ц㡣
á
ϽȻ˿УȻýԼãȻܵɲҪһϵĿֲһ̵أʧӰ١
УȽ̽һ飬һԱȣת˶ʮĿƴĻ㣬˲ϢһȣǬ
һȭ£Ȼըѿڵľħ޵ȵһУȫסôãȻŽһĶЩڳϵġǬǿ֮£ԳλӰ
Ϣ䣬һƬϴȴǷ֣棬һƬ󺣣ȥ⺣֮ͨء
ԭؾҲһγǵĴսȥԣƬ˹ͷǧתףٿȥʱԭռĵطһУģź
ߣȥ
ǣȻ֣һȥϽ룬˵
вת
б϶סΧôһƬ򣬶ˣ˿̣ˮֳľ൱׳ۣ󣬳˵֮ס
֮棬һ߸ߴʮӲӵӰסԱ˵ЩӣҶãҵҪܹյʱңΪգܴӡ
ǵΪİ㣿
ΪЩӣ÷ģи󷨣ĻҲܷΪЩӲܹһһҿһͬʱҶϣҲ
е˼
Ҳ֪󣿡
ϲѣϵ˵оһ㹻ʱ䣬㲻ңҲܹƿ
̫ˣӣҪܾҳȥ˶һ󱨡
ǰķĸ̬ҡҡͷ˵ԣܽҵļɻ󡣡
˵
һȻڣ򲻵ѣӦǲռҵԭʲôͼУȻܹȻӳȥΪβѡˣ


2104 ģ
ϵʻסתش˰죬֮ǰϸһᣬǰ֮˵ٻŭ˳ϣҪǳٷȥĲˡ
ԣһݣ˵ûи֣Ϊ뽫ɷֵ˼⣬ҲԷһҲһѡȻ̬˵壬Ⲣһ˶ܽģе˸ͳܲˣе˳ܵˣкܴвпңϴǸ֮ˣܳܣȴֻܶΪֵĻܽĻҲõܴĺôһֽʧȥĻǱûоˣҲΪʲôҷȻʣӦҲԭ򡣡
ʵֻǣɷ֣
ܿдԡ
ԭҲԣҪܶĻɳ
˵ǡ
Ӧţȴֹ֮У˵ĶΪĻȴ֣̽ʱʵʲô֣
ܼ򵥵һ⣬Խ˵ȴǳѣ˰죬Ŵ񣬵һ֣
գ
ϸоЩϤںδһζʵʲôϵкڰʱ
ţȥţ֪ڰʱ
ޱˣɨһۣ˵һֵķǿߣʩչľǺڰʱ
֣ҵģҪңһ䲻ĵزݳһԹޱȵϢּʵӣںδ
ֱɱˡ
ɱúãɱ̫ˣӣ飬ռˣʱзԸҶΪһΡ
˵˵ڰʱ
ûԥӹ˵Խ֣ʱ֮桭հʱýΪϸȴϵ֮࣬˵øȫ棬ԡʱ⣬˲١
һ£ս˵ֻʱҲս֮գܹԽʱһľ磬󡣡
ʱʲô
ҡҡͷҲĥȴĥ͸ҲǸӻһЩ
ӣ
һ½鴮˵ģǲǾӺģ
ףҹ˳߹ҲӦ̷ֻϧʵǿȻߣȴҲˣҲΪ˲űץס˻ᡭ
ǷǾ㲻ˣΪӣҲҵĵˡ
ģ
մϲгʵǿѣоԼϣӣȳ˵ֵ֪ҲǹӵĵˣҾЩ¡
Դϲÿɷ浽һֱеˣŹ֣˵ûյЩΪҲûгϴʱ˿̵ʵϿʼоЩ÷ӣСҲæоϱʵҾȥ֮ʲô㣿
һ֮أȻָʵȻȥӱ𡣡
ڵӣѾǰǸˣҪ뱨𣬾͵ӺǸ˱𣬶ңʵҪָǰֻ»ѣһ˵ָˣʵҲ̫ˣʵϣָܻΪʱ䲻ˣսͿҪˡ
սʲôս
ûлش𣬷ʵ½֪٣
ճ˼½ǰ˵Щ½ҵǸо½һġ
ģ
һ飬æʵʲôģ
ʲôģҲ˵ϣҲµεȴУ֮ʣԼȥĴ½һһжԱȣз֣½Щ½ġ
ü˼½½ĵĻʦӦûңʦᶼδᣬ˵½иĶҲעһ£½ϰһҾȥ顣
ŵʱ򣬳ϲûֹͣԷоͻأֹͣжͷգΪλᱻ
ôȴԻˣ˺һ˵Ҫɱң˲Уȴط˳ӵҲ֪Ҿͻˣ֮󣬾ͷұסˣҲǻ˺óʱ֪Լ½÷סӦӺҵˣҲᶮ
ԣ⡣
˼ңӣץס㣬նݳȻỹ⣬Ҫĥ㣬ڴˣҲĻɽܳ
ǰһֱΪӺңûôһ˵ģˡʹţȴ벻
ϴɻ󣬼Ƴ󣬵ϽʮӶĥһʱԹԵ˵żЩʱһĪһɿĸоǳƻһЩɱˣÿָоʱҾͻ᲻Ծɢ

ȻͬʱһףȻʮڣӿȥʱ򣬻ƻζʵĪĿУָо𣿡
еʱóʱָö̡
һһƻ


2105 о
˵˷;㣬Ҫһˡ
ڻ仰ŨŨĽһҷռ˵ҪȣھңԸٶӦһҡ
ɵðѵ㲻ҵһˣϴռеĻһ㶣ҲǣôãۿڼȴҪȥʼնԾԣ˵ӣڳʱҲʮָоѵҲҪһֱȥ
˵Ӧһʮ˵𣿡
һʣԼ̬ȣ֮˼֣ΪЩ²⣬뿴ǲȲæȽҲǵĻ֮ٻٻӣлᷢʲô仯ûָоˡ
ԴˣΣֻõȴͬʱϣָо㵽ʱܹˣȻһǳڡջ񣻳ϼоѧ٣ڶ˵еʱ䣬˵˵Ĺ¡
һ£˵
ͬʱ䣬Ѿ˺ܶ˵ĹעоȻүүнˣǱȻҲõϢһһˣӿ뿴ηɭ׷ʲô£ǹһƬͷĴ󺣣㶼Ծˡ
еһЩڣҲźˮƮ
֮ףʱɿعתۼ䣬һ¹ȥյĹҲòˣ϶Էӵƽ⣬Ҳ˺ܴգûа쳣ԣϴȻʱȥˣֻһ棬з紵ݶ϶֪
ʱ󣬳Ҫ£һǽǬǬת¯֮أǣʱ˵ģҲ׼Ūһʱ׵ġʱ䡱Ѿ֧һСġʱǣϻûãȥŪǰڹһʱ⣬ʱǸ²ΣҲó϶Ĳѡ
£ĥ磬˲ٶرЩ㴦ܸоͬ£⣬϶ħޣͣȻ绹вħޡľ֮ܿȥǣҲдģ
þǣǿĴڲЩڣڶԵеʱܼܲɱأҪܵĻԺɱпɾвֶΡ
ţϾŽĶƣƵĵȻΪһֱ¶ûȥƵĽһֻҰˣƵǺƣһ¾Ū˳ǸճҰϡˡ
ϿȥҰüͷΪʲôˣΪҵˣ˵ҰӦǣҵн죬ĻҲƬµ
˰죬ֻ֮ܽΪ绹ƵĽǣϲûзŷӣϾǿԼģҲԽԽ࣬ҪǲܼãҲ̫˷ˡ
˿ڿڷɵȴûһ˿Ҫȥ˵ϼĳ嶯ţܲˣȥɡ
켴Ͽʼ
ʱУһ۾ʮȥʮʱϻûҵʮƴĻ㣬ǬЩȴǴ
ǣϻ⣬Ϊĵ̫ǿ󣬲˵ӺλҲһţڣҪǬҪʽһҵƣǬתһǿصĺȡȣƿ󣬵
ϵһʱ뵽̴½֮ڣǣҪ½Ǹ½˸Ѫħ½
Щͻ뵽ǲ˵»кܶ½ûбֵȥ̻Ĵ½֮ˣ
ˣмΪˣȴûȥЩûֵĴ½᲻ǳΣգϿȻԾأĶ˵š
ȻУ۶ԳһЦ˵Щʱҵڿռ䶼鲻Խظңܼ󡣡

ϴȤҪȥ̽ʱüͷһ񣬴˲߳ʱտ֣ӣˣָоˣҡ
Ȼʱڶȹʮ꣬Ƕԣ칦ˣյĺĴоһ£ٸȫͬķģͬһʱʮϡ
䣬ոоֻΪϲﲻϵ˵ţûᣬרĻͻأ˵һ仰˳϶䣬ҪǾңҿԸһǿʱҪǸʱķܺƬ񷡣
ǿֵʱ
һ˵ģ켴ȵƣ
ʮȫƵøɸɾվסϲˣˡкţһ̵ȥ
һ꣬ȴ˸գΪǰ棬ʶתͷȣϣ㾿Ҫʲô
̽ǹ㷳ĸоԺδ


2106 ʱ
յĴ󺰴УϺᣬֱձҪؾܾǣſ˵ҵˣ̵ʱڻָϲˣҲҵĵҲĻ
ȳϼ˵ȥվʹһá֣켴еĽȫǿǹҪĻУʹѹţأѹһ֧̽״
ˡ
̽´ȥϽں󣬶̽ٶȺܿ죬տʼϻΪռҵоԴԼԽ棬Խô¶
գ
̺ܵһȣö̽һ𣬶ССҡ졭ղ֪ʲôʹ࣬˵ÿһֶޱȡ
һ˲䣬Ͻüһֻ̽Ҫըѿ֣̽ץУȻ󽫴󲿷ֶյΪգ̵ܹʱʣµһС֣ڽ硣
һеͬʱӲûֹͣ׹˿̳ΧѾʲôˮһ࣬ʵؼӲֽɵĴأҪƽʱ˵ҪоһЩû̲ڳ˵࣬һСֽ֮Ѿܹģó̬Ϣ֮ࡣ
ԣӿĽԽȥ׷ٷоԴͷǣ˿ӿȴûãһоûУϲֹϧֽȥˣȻĻҪҵоԴͷӦò̫ѡ
˾֮£ֻܼӿͬʱȥϼõѾնɱ֮ǿߵһǡǬʱڸоˡ
£һתȥһһңת˲֪ٻأüͷΪоˡռ䡱Ĵڡ
Ȼ֮Ҳпռ䣬ɳϸоģȴЩռĴڣص֮µĿռ䣬ѵϣ
Ϸſšռ䡱֮ȥٶȶȻӿ죬˲Ϣһǿռ䣬ģһѷ죬Ļһѷ졣
ѷ죬һӾѪħ½Ȼûȷ֤ѷһ½ȴ϶¶Ժйأ

ΧռȫɸɾǼȻҪγɵġռҲڽһ̤ѷ֮Уѷ죬˺ѷָ
ֻջĹ֪ͨΣ
˵ţŲȥЩ˺Ȼȴ˺ϵ壬һں󣬳ϵʹΪǿǿʲôزԼֻ֪֪پϣˣһη츲صı仯
ڣ϶֪Ҫȥپɲȵ֮ȥ٣˼ϱڱ߿ٴ
һӵӣȫѷ죬۾ģһ½ɽˮдգֻ̫еĴڣЩ죬ȱݡ
ңĴһŨĻζʵ΢һ룬ܹ֪ЩǿײУܹѷ죬ǷͬһĽأӰ쵽գɲһ
ϽץջûѣϽŪЩһԶյӣվʺʱ״̬Ĵ֮ûʱ
˾͸Ͻɻϵ𣿡
£ȻͲʹ죬Żζ˵Ϥζ켴Ͽֽ͵ָоϵϤҺйϵϤ

һߣ֪Ҳࡣ
ϴռӰ˸͵һϢΪŨĵطֻŸָħޣʲôϻʨӡһѣʶħޣ϶Уʶģ࡭
ȫħޣûˣ
ɻѣȴǻɢűϢ˵ߣһֱߣߵһɽȣˡһ˵ϸɻˣûʳǴȥЩħҲ˳˵Ĵڣ󺰴Ҫİˣֻٶ̫죬պѾǧ֮⡣
ûʱ䣬ϵҰȻһɽȣ˲ƹȥɽйȻˣ˻٣мǧӣֻǵصħޱٵ̫ˡ
һɨϿգ˵ڿԸһ𣿡
ڰʱ˼ʱ𣿲ǸСŪĲƻѾǿĻʱ˵˵ţͷŭʳվͱȵҲ֪⴦ɽˣ֪һȺǿȺڱֱԳΪһУǻʱŪĻʱһģһֻҵĻʱǿ󡣡
˼ˣ˵мԤϣǣճϣл𾪣ʱĴ½ŪһеĻ֮ˣ
Ϻ½Ѫħ½о֮Ƚϣȷʵ֮ͨȻ˵ǵĵˣͬһ
˵ŵʱЩѾԾնһ仰˵ֱɱϢŨޱȡ


2107 
ڳϢĴ½ʲôΪһӣοЩʵǿ࣬˻ûпйŨֱϢĻӿҪһˣ͵ϢУɳնһˣϢá
ֱӽϢ磬Ȼ֡ɱ֮УֱǣڽȥȻԴȡѾʱգҲһֲƷԾյʮˣ۾Ҳž顣
ҴĻʱ棬Щ˵꣬൱ǵ꣬һǿ۾ȫǱĿ⣬ϵ˼˷ŭѪħ½ѪҺ츳֮ص˺ĳϵ½˿ɢ񣬻ΪʵʵĻϢÿһ½ͬЩȥ½϶Ҫһƽ٣㴴ٴ½Ҽһһ
뵽Ŀ⣬ȫɱϢǿȴǿɱɱһϢĴӴܣЩһ֮䣬̤о̤ŲһͣЩ˶ʱѪƮȥ
ջü˼·˽ȴطҵĻʱƳԭɻʵ½ķչҲ쵽ʱݻĩβֻҵĻʱЩ룬ҵĻʱЩ˺ǿħ޲ܺƽദ
ֳⷬԼɳûŪʵڵľ켴ʵĻʱĩβʲôģ
ӦһϢͳ󺣣ͳɭ֣ͳ½ʱݻ£ȴħ޵㣬ͳ¡СӵĺڰʱദڱԵһΣ
Ļʱ֮ǰأ
ϱţѾȻɱȥ֮֮ﾡԱݻ٣˵ϣڻʱǰ棬һǿֵʱãʲôģҲûв鵽
һ䷬˵꣬ɽеļǧˣͱɱֻʣˣһһŮҲԣֱӽ磬ڻӵĵط
ʵ˵ͬһˣ˭


ԯ֮С

ŭȲѣϵʵ֪٣˵ŵͬʱѾɱɽȣ֮ֻһһĸŽȫնɱ
ߣҲ֪ͲӰ㣬˸ɸɾȻ󣬳ϱ֪жԹŵһ֮ʹֶȥԯĴս֮С
ɱ˲֪жã֮ͣǰɱ¾һΪƽϢΪڡΪѰңûһĴڡ
ƽϲɣ׼ҷȡ½ǿáء㡢ʵ
£ϽһҡСȻú½һ飬һʱ󣬳Ͻ켣չʼ㣬Ĵ֮󣬳֪ٹڻ½Ķǣô½֮ûкð취
һǳɣҾ̡
ϵİ취־ŸȥȻԳΪĿĵأΪʲôǻɾԸ˵ֻáš֮á
Ҫù˿֮Ӳѣ϶ԺüΪķӣɲһʦܹģҪ޾ֻ³˳֮⣬ûʤΡ
ʱ󣬳ϵʱ˵һЩԣϲо½һһʧ鲻Ծࡣ
ʱ̵֮һĻ½֮ʱͻأϸо½ȥģһһŵлɻʨ֮
ߣڲŷӦѾˣ
ϴУٴηɳûбСøǿ˵½ı仯ǴǸĻ˲ˣطʩչ˹
ĻˣǴڲĳ½ı仯ɻ󣬵һʱ뵽ǬڲͼǣϸоȷϲǬڣڲ֮ʱҲչ˷
Ϊ½׼ֶĶֻ࣬ǣٶֶΣԳһһ淨ɲ϶óˣķȻȴֻžŰ
̧ͷ죬ţ½ӦԶڵĴ½һԶǾ˲ˣ˲ݵĻǡ
Ѿһͻ룬ҽɻ½Уʱ߶ĻͿԸеϵ׷ȥݵںδֻ˭
ʱ׼ȥЩһСڽµм䣬ϵΪ첻֪زǿųȴܸоõ
Ӻ󣬳һȻ˲ݡųϵĻ˵꣬վ֮Ļ½ͷ˱仯ʼӿУȥУڣԽԽ٣ԽԽ󣬵󣬱һУ½У
ͬһ˲䣬ǿѾ׷ȥͬʱϻݳо


2108 е
ȻϽй֮Ķոɾˣٵʦżָ㼸䣬Щڴ˿ȫòϣ׷ȥѣѵǲ¶ۼ˲
ãɽһĻ½ûб˷ֻ֣ϲ㷽棬ȴǽչֲһƬŨŨĺĻϵ켣ȫΧס
ԴˣҲ֣ҪֶûУǬڶôꣿ̬ܺãóõϢҲã㲻ҲνҪǾ콫Ҫ½̾ˡ
ǿٶȴΪǿϸĸķƬ½ĸӦ棬棿
֮䣬ͻػһжߣԼˣֻǶԷüͷ壬ͷת˸ͨ͸Էһ£ȡߵһξѪ˵ҵǻҲ
ϣ֪ȴûһˣΪжûбǻ½ǸкȻըˣܵشС
ҾͶһըҲᣬ࣬ȴе
ޱȵر䣬һβתתʽǺڶ̥ڡǬתʽһתڻ½еͱڽȥ
ͬʱȻˣϾûдأԥӿѩȥһ
ȵúޱȵӦʱըסϰҲըɶӦһף˭ۻ룬ʶĲʦһ
˼ֵĪӵˣҲֻǷһ׽͸仰ʱԺﻹϵӰϾѾֻһûзϣ켴Цˣۻ룬ҲãҵҪжըըԽ࣬СԽ졣
˼ʱϵڶըϮ켴ǵĲըһ㶼ϵģǰһըûȫƽϢһը͸ˡ
಻ϵըҲˣͬʱҲʶ֮ǰģҪҪǿϻ
ȻʱµϣϸըɿһֱըϮٴͨ裬ҵıըһ
½ߣҲྡȫ˵Ķ߶ﵽĿģǣȴûЦ˲䣬Ч΢Ĳ㣬ȫǳһ
ǳ֮أ
üͷýǳЩˣݲȥ½ȥȥǸѷ죬½ȥͬʱ½롰ء֮УȻ룬½׵ؾͳΪءһ֡
˼ƿɳɣؾܴˣʱȥʦһݲ½ֲͼѰЩû˼ģûпĴ½
ʱ֮У쳣ۻ룬ķ֣һ̳ϷǳȴƬ񷡣
Ƭӣ
ʳ֮ҡҡͷһӣǸϣмֿɣŴζв㣬㲻ˣԭֻΪΣڿһֿܡ
ԽԽп˵ҪӿʱˣǬѾˣҲе㶯Уֻǲ֪ӵġ
ڳߣѾѷ죬һɴ֮󣬳ȴͣѷöϣԷһ
·ѷľϻûУĴѷ죬Ƕ˲ٴΣʱûиõİ취֮£ϱӿʹѷ£
߷ѷ죬鲻Խطȥ½жѷ죬һֻ֪ǣ½ѷ죬ֻڴ֮𣿡
뵽ԼھĵһսƲأ˺ѷգ뷨ֻѷ죬УҲС
һЩ򣬽ѷ£ʹֶΣһЩ֮󣬳ϼϣҪȥһ̽Ҫȥ㣻ʱ򣬳Ӱͻֱ֣˳һȿ֮ʱΧ𾪡
ҪҴкЩȴˢˢع˿УųߵŰݣҪ๧ж๧ңϴΪɻ󣬡ôˡ
ϣˡ

Ͼ׽һɨȥ۾֮⣬϶ʱ˸˾ŷ֣÷֪ȥǱ󣬡ЩǷ֪Ľɣ֮ڣܴﵽƣ
ʵƱȳûҪʢ˵½ٷ֮ʮˣŷãʣµİٷ֮ʮҲǶôѿеĹͷ
ȻײˣȻǲ˷ѡ׺󣬳˵Σ½꣬˷س˻
ӣ
ϣּÿһΣ˸оԼڷŷ츲صı仯˸϶ϣ˵ϣǲʧ
˵꣬ʧ


2109 飬ѷ֮
ϵ½һվȥȻļңѾȻˣȻҪһ֪ʱЦͣҲû뵽Լһߣ껽Ϊ򣬸տʼΪ˹⼤ŭȻȻѿϵã˻ԼʵĽ
ȻΪ̾磬ȻҲΪȻˣʱϽ濴Ĺѡһ׳Խ׵Ĺӣ˵ú֮ȫ⡣
˸ϻΪǲóʱһһ죬Ǵ֮ΪάʱתҪʵ̫ࡣ
ЩǾϲڵ֪ʲô飬þҺõ˳ϣûóڻûгɳʱͱɱȻ鴦꣬ϱȻȥǱұҪȥ½ŬǿԼʵһʱ䣬
Ҳųϵĳ֣ŷ£ŴɵӣȴǶҲλ˵öġ
Ȼ֪Ҳ֮⣬¼⼸ʱѾǱٶȴ½ߣԶǧ뿴֮ء
ȳǱܲʱĹ¡صеˣǱȺ򣬳һɨȥʱͷֹصʵӣصҵԼĵ
صȻޱȣصʦ֮Ϊ֮
һĻش𣬳Цŵͷһָĸȫ˽ȥƵķصֻǻһЩǾϲлѡ
ҵӣ˭
Ц£˵Ҽǵϴ㴴ˮ֮䣬ڣˡϵģȹԴٵĳеһ֮ٵĳ¿ϱǧɳһʩչǳ
󣬳ϸڳĪôǵõһӣĹЩ˴ʵݣΪʵڶʱڿȻ֮İأҲǹܡ
һЩáסˣҲĸԸϽ½˽˽˷֪
˴󹦣һ
Բ飬һ֣ΪԺҪ½ƽд·⻹ֻǱϵĺôڵģ֮࣬СڵʵΪرڹؼʱ̣ܹԵһΣ
֪Ҫ¹򣬳ϲ֪ȴִִŵϣ󣬷֪ߵף˵ϣϵֻһһ
ʹӦģٻһ
֪ҡͷ˵ΨдԸûִȥֽδ֪˵һ´£˵󣬷֪˵ԸһΣǷ֪ԸԸһ֮ڣĶ½ʣ°ٷ֮ʮĴء
ϵͷͬ⣬˵ȻҪһΣδģ½˶档ʲô飬ϻûá
ⷽ棬֪͸ûˣȻԱ˵½϶ߣܹʱ򣬵õǱ漣ٲš
Ȼô˵Ҳһϲ⣬Ǿ½Ϊһǳ󷨣ֻҪ½ĻΪӶԣ޼һ£Ҫ½գڲ񷣻󷨣µĲеǳܣָ
һ£жȻ̤У̽½ɨ̽ȥ㣬һصĲ㣬óϴһΪˡ
һ棬Ȼûⷽ澫ͨǣƾۻ벻֪ͷƴɱҲû·磬ֻ벷㲷㣬Ѫˡ
ѵ½ҲƬ񷣬ʦô½ΪʲôֵĸоҪ治Ƭ񷣬ǵͬˡ
󣬳ϲȥ㣬ֻϸĲ鿴ܹʺڲͬʱҲúÿһܷܲϻǵµѷ졣
Ͻ¶һ˵Ȼ˼һ󣬶һЦ˵а취
Ȼʲô취
ˣ̹ҵ޿ײ롣
޿ײ룿
۾һȻ˵紵ȥп׵ĵطͻᴵȥͬǽƬղķ磬ѷĻѷܴĻһķͻᱻȥʱֻҪҵĴ类̾ˣˣҲһ
Ȼһ˵꣬Ͼ޵̫ˣôû뵽Դ̫ˣҺߡųⷬȻҲġ
취ˣûӿ磬Ҫ½Ҫĺľңޱȵ½˵ʲô֮·أ
ԣϻ׼Ȳ󣬵ʱǿ̽
ͬʱ֪Ҳ׼ųû˵飬ֻ˵һ츣½Ĵ£һ½䶯ˡ


2110 ȡͷ­
Ѱʺϲ󷨵ģֻгȻССΪһഺŮڿбıţ֪ˣ϶ΪǸŮӣɳȴСÿһÿһǿɶڿ硣
Сտʼü죬ɱһδһΣŮ׶κСɱ䣬ʵһ̬ȴûٱ
СѰٶȿˡ
ˣһ࣬½ķ֮һûѰ꣬ʣµķ֮һϸоЩŹ֣˵֮صǸ
ˣ׼ЩŹ֣˵ֻĶ
һգվڼ֮صƬϿգƽ˾ֱĳһ뵽ǰһ⣬ʵһ̽ʱͷ쳣
ֻһᣬϢʱ䣬ǲҾǳ
˵꣬ϾͿʼһ

Ҫ³֣Ȼ׼һ磬Ҫˮʱ溣ˮֿˣһ·һȺŶߡ
Ͽڵһλͷüͷ˵а˷ǸżߣǸںϽ̸ʱҲóȥתһȦ˼һֻŪȥˡ
ǰûŭԹ֮£֪ǰΪҪ˶ǣΪ߲˵ʵȴ𾪲ѣϣϵʱ򣬳ϻֻССʥһʮȥʥȻɳҪӵĵز
㲻½ˣʲôĿģ
ֱԺȴΪɫ䣬뷢ŭȴСһЦЩ֪ںδΪ߼ԥ³һʵ˵Ҳ֪ʲôĿģֻǷڴ˵أ˵ʲôãʱ֪
Щ˻᲻ҲϹϵ
ʣΪߣ˵Ҽˣ㳤ò֮࣬ΪΪϲ¶ϲϲʻ˵˻ΪЧķϣҲɱ㣬ǣס㡣
£һӣһȫӵĳһϺоһطֽӿ£ӿصʮȻûгֿ󣬳ϲ˵պʺΪһۡ
Щ󣬳ͻ뵽Ĺ˵ŵһЩԨԴĶȻ˵Ҫȥһط㡭
ȥȥ
ϲǣȻ֣ԶжȥСȴǽܴܿ죬ϱ㵽Ĺ˵Ĺŵ֮ȷʵѾһƬˮȴһ㶼ţüֱΪ͸оڤڤ֮ожںо𣬳Ͼ֪Ǹԯͷˡ
ֻ벻ͨǣԯ֮ѪǡꡢۣȫˣΪλڤڤ֮еĸоѭŸо߳ºȥֱȻһȡͷ­
ȡޱɣĹ˵ôҲȡµûг֣ó΢ĵǣͷ­ûǰĹͷһӾڽȥ
Ǻõġ
˵ȴһѡڻǲڣϾһֱڣ׶һϸֱȥͷ­ڽ
ڽȥӾڲͷ­ںǰڽЩͷʼһؽһأֱȫʧֱûиоһ쳣
ʱ򣬳ҲоԼ˸ȵûжϲֻ뵽һͷ­ԯǿ࣬ôڵģ˵ԯİţǿϡ
иԼһѣ֮ǰĹֻһ¹򣬳ϽЩŹ϶һƬóֵǣЩطʺۡ
ò˴һɣ
ֹţٻ¹򣬽ʣµĵطѰɾϽʱֲ󣬿СǰݵĲ֮ϼΪͬݣҲСõȥǣƫƫйɲԾĸо
ɲһĲ󣬰ȥȷʵں̶ܴǣŨǿɲһǺ¶
ϲԾ뵽ˡˡ֮£˵˺ˣҲ𲻵ЧҪ½ĸı䣬ǲ뿪˶֡
ʱڤ˼ʮ죬뵽˹˶Դڴ½Ĳãʱ۾һ˵ҵ࣬Ҳɣ½Ҫ󷨣ҪںϷ԰յص֮࣬Ҫҵô۲ʱҲ½ˣﵽʱ˺͵ľ硣
ôһͨ͸ˣϽԼ뷨Сһ˵Ůݣʱʮ꣬ŮͬһĴ󹤳̡
󣬱Ϊ
ʱ½ȻϢؿʼɽΧ֣֮£󷨾Щ棬ϲȥ
ÿһ۴϶Լۣ½ֻ֮ϵûгɣδ
ͬʱǳ֮Уӿ𲻰ҲԴںδ


2111 ֮磬ѷ
ĹǳӴֲʱУԣϼǲ߲ݵز󣬲Ϊչʾν漣أҲԴӦأףǳϰ½ļҡ
ǰļǰ׼Ҵ壬Ȼüɣң֮أɵ߳½޾Ĳ֮º½ͳļҡ
ǼңȻҪúþӪӪ
ÿһã϶ϼΪɱУطЩɱСȵȣͿ˳еֶΣȷ󲻻ᱻƻȷļңڼĴ籩Уܹ㹻ر
Ǻ˳һʱ䣬Ⲣûд󹦸ɣһеճϵļƻһӦǺȻһʩչ޿ײ롱ˣǣϲûʵʩΪ뵽һ⣬ȻҪǱٻǾûã
֪ˣǶôңӱǸӿֲĴڣԣ뽫󱻻ٻ˶٣ܹӹЧֻЧĻٻ̶ȶ
⣬ϻĥΪ׼һЩ󣬵𻵣ͻԶЧܵر֤һٴӡ
ССǬڵõ֪ʶʱȫ󣬳ʵʣˣֻȥ˳һʱ䡭
ϽʱϢ״̬Ѻ󣬳ϿʼȻʩչ޿ײ롱ҵЩѷ죬ڵȻոպͳںȻǿ̫ˡ
ʱȻһֱʱУȻ꣬ȻѾʱ˼ǧ꣬Ȼʹϻۣǧʱ䣬õĺôȫոɾһ˸һ¥˷֮С
Ȼʩչķ磬Ҳ磬ǲ֮磡
Ϊʲôв񷣬ȻҲ֪򵽵ʱԺպð֣ȻǰҲδķ磬ȡ֮硣
Ȼ֮绹ǳ̬ǣǿ򱶡
Ȼܹʩչ֮磬ȻҲܹȻм仹ҪڣʵϣڻֻһΣȻǺӾ֪
ң֮Уϵõĺôֻǻʩչ֮磬Ҳֻһرǿ󣬻óϳô˴ͨˡǬ֮๦ľ
ǳѨǲɲѰȴ޴ڡ
£ʩչĲ֮磬֪֮ռ䣬أ̿˺һ㣬½ȷʵǳŹ֣ڳϿ콫ľȻҲ̷ҩ֮󣬲ò֮鲼½
һµʱȫ֮Ǻ󣬳Ȼ˼£ϸϽȻʵҲһƬ֮⣬ȴϵ״̬йء
ûá󡱼ͬʱڼػָûеȶʱ䣬оЩطĲ֮ڷ仯һĴУڿռγɡ
ȻѾ㹻ϸ½ϵ˸оǣЩγɵʱ½ϻرɫЩ֪˵顣
ò֮ɢһѷ죬ĸڴ֮£һϿռУϼ꣬ƽ˾ǰȥЩѷ졣
ѷ棬Ȼ²½ȫһĴ½嶼ǲһģһ½ϿһȺѪؾ˰޵ѷ棬ϿһȺˣֻȺ˶üŮֵǣǵϻһЩȻʵȴָӺݣĸӶ½ˡ
ϲ֪ЩôŪģһĶԴ磬½Ȼֻ²ͬһһĸӽ
ֻ½ѷ죬ϱοüͷøˣΪЩѷ죬½еѷ죬϶ѷǲ֮Ҳֵܷġ
⻹иԭ򣬳ϻٵ½ʱ򣬲û½ķȥɻ󣬡ʲô˼ңûһĴڣ
ʵϣڲĳҲ޵Ȼ棬ϧԳסǰȥѾ˹ؼʱ̣ܳ뿪СҴıЩ½Ļ˵Ӱ첻ˣɳȥȥ𣬲ȴһ仰ԽǿԽãõԽԽãҵģǬڻס㣬ǸͷҲС
ͬҲΪ¶ķΪԼҵﲻɣԷɣȫ׼ﲻͣţûжˣûжˡ
ֻµˣ˵ûжãԲһ⡣
½ϣȻȴҲûкõİ취ȥЩѷ죬˼һ󣬳Ͼڴ֮ǰϻȥ˼֮һˣǸѷ촦ѾǽռŰȴסĳϡ
Ͻռȫڵ̤Ѫħ½


2112 
ϽѪħ½ȻΪ廳¼ңһµ飬Ѫħ½ֻΪ׻ٵѪħ½˶ѡ
Ѫħ½ǳϵһӴѷ½ֻǰһЩ󷨣Ȼݺ˵ȫЧѪħ½𣻿ɳھĴ½رһЩ֪Ѫħ½Ļ𣬲Ļ
ڣôǳ׻أ
ԣϴǰǽѪħ½Ĩɱʱ֪Ĵ½ǣҪԼ֪ģͲٳӣٱá
̵Ѫħ½ûл̫๦ֻǣ̵Ѫħ½֮󣬷Լı仯Ȼ仯΢
ãı仯ʲô£ţѵ˵Ҳøǿû˵ģܿʦҲû˵켣עģʦֻע켣öѡ
ֹ֣ԼƬ񷰲οԼֹһ£߳½ҪһЩ֤һ¡
ţϷѷ죬ռɾ󣬽ƬԭΪĿһ¼ںҲ֪Ϊż֮һ
ڳϻȥʱɨһۼ֮أɨһΰĹˣȻǴʵۣóЩǣǰһСڵĵǸԭ۲ΰԵĴʵۣʱ۾ֳģҲϡ
쿴һĻϲһЦʵ۵ĶԹԹɢˣһŪһʺڴʵĹһöҩƿȥ
뵤ҩϣ顱һڴʵ۵ͷϣʵ𾪲ѣһʱ뵽ǣжܹҵͷϣȻȡԴ
ʱ񷢳˹⣬ȥʵ۵Ķúܹͻ棬ǿŵҩҲӲ١
㣬
ʵҲ״ˣˡһֱӹˣ泯񣬴ʵ˾ޱȣʵϲлһЦԶȥ
صǱ󣬳Ͻ֪ʵ׼𣿡
¾㱸
Ǿ쿪ʼɡ
ǡ
ڷ֪ĹҲЦҡҡͷ
ڶ죬һǸɽ˺ƺƵӳȥмЩУŮٽУÿһһһǵϡ
ΪϣϽ˯ŵСҲ˳ҪЩ񣬳ϾԲȥų˯СڣЩСá
Сڵĳ֣Ƿˣûд󺰴Уڵϵ˲͸оǹСڵϣɢֹâ
ϵڳÿһ˶֣ׯµ˵ҵļңǵļңǣҵļˣϣҶúá
ܰ׺ܰ׵Ļȴÿһ˵棬ǵĹرǡҡ֣ǵϣһЩ֮УվȻȻųϣǰЦҵˣҪ죬ŵصġ
ԣҪǵļңů֣ǿ󲻱ƻǵİҪůǿҪǴҵŬ죬ǵļҾòգ
˵ֲ꣬һһָɢǰĻ濪ʼ仯ʲôɽҲʲô󺣡еֻһӣͨͨķӡ
һ
ӺȫЩö鶯ʼ֮ȡ½ŵһж
Ӵͨ󷨣ɢ½ȸо仯ģǳһˣǸоӿ࣬Ӵ࣬ȴܹܵģģ¡
ʵĸоԽԽŨѾ̥ǣÿһ˶̥ǣӸϷű仯ű仯Ǿϲͬʱϵ¡
֮һڿգͬʱһĨĨ۵ĹâȺâɫȻԵѪؾһģһ
Ŀã漣֮ǼԼ֮ɹͬʱǵʵڷŷ츲صı仯
ԽԽ˼ˣ½Щϵ񣬶ڼȻÿһ˶Կɷ֪ͽϢ½ˣǰЩԷ֪˵֮ԱǵģҲԥˣʵıǿʼˡ
ô˶Լ֮ҲЩ⣬ͼӵжϵ񣬶һɢɳΪһ壬ǰⳡóϾˡ
ȵĻں棬֮˶ൽһ̶ȣϵĹâʼ˱仯øӴ⣬ʵʣڽڽ磬СҲڿ֮
Щ֮ڽֿʼϴı仯Ǹ½չʮ½ĸ߼½ڵ壬ƺҲܵӰ졣
ظоЩ֪ԼʵʱüǿжôǿҲ˵˿½죬˿½ĵأˣһģ´λһ⿪еİأ


2113 ʧ
нǿϢ
Ժ
ǳǰµ仰仰½ϣֱģգղµĻ½ϵˣؼһ֮ģ仰ǵǰһΪ׼
ʵ仰ǳǬڿĳһķҳõģңעͣһ䡰нǿϢΪǬԣڶǡԺΪԣ
仰ΪǬ
Ȼ뿪ĳϣ֪Ǭ֮½Ӱ죬ÿһ˶ԴΪ׼򣬴ӶºԸЩԸ֪ʲôԭ˹
ͬʱЩһǿǿ½Щռ䣬ҲڱЩɡ
̵ֻٶȻǳǳ٣ٵЩӴ˵ֱԺԲƣֻǣЩڳɳֻҪʲô⣬һֱɳȥ
ɳʱⲨĳվǰҲüͷɻͬʱֻоϤ
Щֵ½ʲôӰ죬˿֪
ͬʱµĳһǳУüͷţΪָ˲ĸоһθǿңԭΪ½ɵĲɴ˿ٸо֪Լˡ
⣿ѵǻиĴ½ᱻٵ𣿡
ţߵţһ߲ţԴҲûЩʱգûиод½ٻɴˣ϶Ǵ½⡣
ѲǸͷҲ
仰ʱԺ˵ҪҵȵڵصĻһЦͷ˼ڿ˼޹֮£ҧ˵Ҫǰ
˵ô˵ûǰΪһǰʧģȾԼ
һУ϶֪ȥ㣬ʱҲòʲôڴ֮ͨУҪصǬڣľֻҪܹסӿѹͲʲô⣬ֻҪʮʱܻصǬˣʱȥһЩƧĴ½֮ࡣ
ϧƻԶϲϱ仯ڳ;ʱϴΣͨͻغԤףɵһ𵴣ڳֱһ˲佫ͨдȻͽ
հȻͽȥͨͻˣʧڻҵ֮УʱķѹˮһһһظѹóϴȻŪóʮǱûбЩƬֻϵ˺۲ǳ
ð󣬳ϲӦ⴦գΧһſʼǬڵ½ͨԲ񵱳ĴͨӰȫȶ˵ɱȴͨߵöˡ
ͨôͻȻһ»أ
˭Ūģ֣˻Ǭڳʲô⣿
˰죬˺ֿܶܣȴƫƫû뵽ԼŪġ棬Ҫ֪ͨȻܹ½ӣϾ½֮ĶҲڱ̵ķΧ
ڤ˼޹֮󣬳Ͽʼ˼ô죬еΣ޾Ȼںǿ˭֪᲻ǿĴڣܲ˵Ķӻ
һĵǣһ棬·֪ٻȥ·ЩܴڵΣգʧµ£ȻǬţ˿̣ȴӦϡ
ûϵ
۾ĸӶӣҿһ˵ȻûкʵҾʹңԳô˻ᣬĥһ
һ꣬˵ʱڴͨǾ仰һ֧һƣңһЦѡһ򣬳Ŷᶨȥ֮ȫڽڡ
УȻΣأʱϾʮֻޣȫǳϴδģʵǿҲɱޱЩħжǿƴɱϲ֪ǰģУ޵ʵ˼ʮҪǳ磬ܵյ࣬Щ޻óϳԲ˶ߡ
Щޣû֣ڷѾѪ˽Ʒ֮󣬳Ͻӽ
Σղޣշ籩Ƿ籩Űʱ϶סӣֱӱӵһߣշ籩ҲڷǣڵʵȻǵ£Щ͵ķ籩˺ϣԳв
ЩһŵÿӲֹȴǴЦֹҪľ֮Ĵʲôķ籩϶ȥƴɱһ뾡취һЩ籩ڽ硭
µʱ䣬ת۶ȻʧУ˿̣Ǳޱȣʵȴһ̨ףڡʱ䡱⣬ûʲôɶԿռ⣬ȴǶ˲ٸ
Ͼã֮յĿռ䣬Ŀռ䣬ÿռ䣬˳ſռΪ൱ǽƣԼơ
ôĿռʲô
⣬óִȻûоʹ˷ŵʱ䡱֮أţʮĹȥһ죬׷һͷޣȴǷһ½


2114 Ϧ޴·
ʵͷ޵ʵ̫ǿǣдıȴǷǳ죬ǳƽִ󣬾ô¶Ҳ
ֻ֪ǣͷ޴ռ֮Щռ䣬ͱˣǰĿռ䣬Ŀռ䣬صΣգȿռշ籩ҪΣգٸӣ磬һĺ֮ǿߣյĿռȥ󣬿ɸմһʱձˣռҲ˱仯ǡɱ仯ǳ֮ǿǿһ鱦۶ϵĵزǽʲô
ֻһϰѾ˼֮أ°ȴɵͼڴ½Ȼ⻹ǺõģһСģһʲôûˡ
ҳһ֮յĿռǲһģڿռ䣬޴ڵǳѨϣԼյһ֣ձˣҲˣΣҲʧˡ
ҲΪˣͷ޲ûܰѵϵ׷෴ϻ˲ջ񣬱ıջı¡
ĺôǳϸͷޣײһ½ģ½εɲǣϾһɽĺӵһοˮһϲһ֮󣬳תʮŻ㣬ʩչģ޲ӽ磬ͷ޶Գ˵ôǳ
ӰһǬһȭ½ǲϣֱӱϴƣȫİĴ½ϣ̽ȥʱɵۣ½ûһ࣬ûħޣûлľеһڣǣ½ȴƫƫһĸо
ڳϵҰϵӶֻһɫɫֻһ壬֪֣ɳϵ˶ʮŻܴĶ
ҽ֮ΪϦ
Ϊֻɫ̫ʱɫ
ϸҿ϶óһϦȥ¶ڣЩ֮ǿߣһ½Ϧ𣬳ʦһĶӱˣȴЩò⡣
֮£δ֪ĶȻ࣬ҪͨѣҪ淢ֲĴ½𾪹ôЩϦƷ϶ܴ뵽ôϿʼɣЩϦԶؽдá
ؽβսŹȣϦ𱻳Ū󣬷ؽȴһͣؽض𣬽Ϧ𣬷
ϸоֱӽؽȡ½ϣؽһȻϦǷǳ࣬ɳϵθҲӵشҪĲϦ𣬻һ½
½
ڴ֮ǰϻϵһ´ţϧȻǺ޷ӦϾģؽ㹻ֻ֧ɫʱؽʼ̵ʱ򣬳ϻֻȡ˳
̴½֮¶Ѿ¯࣬ټ֮ţϻ˽¹򣬾ͽϦĴ½㶨
оͣлЩ˵ģȻ֮ǰļƻ˵⣬ǣ;ͬ飬ϻ̵˴½֮
Ǹˣͷȴǿ־嵽㣬ۿӴģͬһĴ½һһʧǰֱȫʧ
ˣ
Ц޵ݡش˲ܵˣɸ˳벽޾ͣס˽ţΪ֪ǰӲˣ޷ǳһڣʵֲ̫ˣȴûпĿ־һʵĿռôǿĴ½϶ٰɣ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
޲ĸˣʱߵĿռҲͣر仯Ȼ޾ͿЩ仯Ŀռ䣬˳ϵֵţĴ½֪ģȥһˣȻͿԻ
⣬޵ĲŻһЩֱϣ˵߰ɣסҵԽ࣬Խпܻ
ϰ޵
޿񱼣½ϦĴ½ڽء棬ϵķӣȻãֻͽϴһµĴ½½ֲһ࣬ǣ½ĵһ˲䣬Ͼ½ɽǸԶսƬС֡
ң½ȳӵеҪŨ
½
ŵʱ򣬻ɨһۣʲôҲû˵ֱӶ֣½½ţϵüͷ΢΢
գ½ϸɸɾĽͣЪأ޴һ½֪Ĵ½٣ÿһ½򵥣мϻоΣգͦ
һʱ϶˵ǹҵЩ½ϣ½ɱңϵһ˵޲ͣҡŴԴҳϣͷȴõ͵ͣΪֻȷʵǶ˼
ûдģȥЩ½̫ˣҪܴȥһĴ½㣬Ҳʲô⡣
һ㶣켴ͷ΢΢һЦ˵ħ˵½ǵһ̶ȵǿЩ½ʲôأȫϦĴ½ɣ
ԴҲ벻ôǿߣʱԴͻȻ˵һ仰ǿֵʱ


2115 СϷˣ
ǿֵʱʱЩ½ƬأǲǾЩǿ
ڴʣϲ̵֪øˣţԺﹹ˼ǸǿֵʱԼ˼롣
ޣǰЩǾ仰󣬵ǾٱһӣҪ뷽跨ȥһĴ½ǣһһĴ½ޱȵʧǰ޵ľйȥˣ˳Ĵ½ʲôΣաǿĴ½
Ȼ򣬿ϵĶ޲֪ʲô½ǳ̲µģֲֻܴͣųϲͣһ½
Ĵ½ͨ봫ŵϵһ⣬ûãϲ²Ǹ̫ԶԵʣңУʵ̫֮ա
͵дԼáءԽԽͬʱңԶɽأڱ˷ˣһȺ֪ˣֱʹͺ俪ɽأֻǣԳôһɫǳԴʯԴʯɵĴ½ʱǽټϳķȷʵ࣬Ⱥ˴粽ܽͬʱɱһЩ
㵽һ죬ҲЩںδ֪ĹǣȴûôĿģ㲻ԱգϿʼһ··
ȻɽʱǰȫģǣɽվٵģٶҲþһ죬˼ѾִܹһЩƵԶԶĵģµˣȷʵƴ棬Ҫ֣ΪâҫۣɱС޵С
ʲôˣʲôʽʲôֻҪ֣Щˣǽ־עˣ֣ܵˣҲ൱أ֣Ϊƴ˭Ҳ˵壬˵Ϊ˼ɣֺô¶
ϵԤûд֮󣬵˵Ԯֵˣ࣬һˣȴϲסˣϽֵĹˣһսΪʲô㲻ˣ˵ʵ֮ϣûãΧ㱻˲֪ʲôƵۿһ˵ҪʱȴŻһ
ԭǸϵ
ҪǳǸؼϾԲƴˣ״̬ĸϣ˹һ󷴻˱ˣ켴ų򸾣һˣ˺ѿռ䣬õ·ȥ
˼״ȴһЦŲæ׷ɱȥ˵׷ɱں棬ʱʱڸǵǰ棬ϲòα·֮ǰõ·ҲĿȫǡ
ͬʱδģսУѾ൱ǿ׳ȵܶǿöӵһϢ˴յֵһ̡
ʵȻ£浱ɱȥ֮Уͻӣ⻹һЩ֣ʵΪףǹ֮
׷ɱĸϣȴѾ׷ɱǰķӭȥˣܿ죬浽ĿĵأԾԵʵݻ˸ոսռݵСɣЩԲ֮ʱһ
ǲģϵȺˣСݼˣ֣һˣرǿرˣһ˲䣬ϲޱȣȻǣ̫ˣҶСӵ˽⣬ֻҪǣˣ϶ỹɵģ϶ģ
żᶨ˼ɱȥ£УΪڵģˣһˣ׷ɱͱ˷׷ɱЩ˲жӣɾӣҲǸ˵һֱֻۡ
飬Ȼ˳ˣݣֱǳϵˣ֣һҲʶǱȥл˶ӵĸжȥ׷ɱԺηȵȣһϵԲ˵ָθϣҪ˹˵ֱۣӵȻûоܾˬظ˸ϣлɣԽԽá
ųӱû¶ʲô쳣ڵǣֶȻһ㣬ʤںãþˣһСɣҪһˣֻǲ֪ӳȥ˺εأӦòǬ档
ʱСݼĿɨ¶һЦСݼŤͷתȥȻǲ֪˾ǸˣСϷˣ
ӵĿ⣬ɲСݼ˼
ǬڣһƬƴƴʵĳ䡢ȵȣڴԼǬ棬ܿҲûи෴ǬڣǸˡ
е֮رųϵĺѶϢĪЩң˼һ˵ļƻǬҲӦһˣ֮ǰһˡ
߷飬ǲ֪ˣշתһ½֮䣬ô½֮ؼǿô࣬ǿǷѾо֮ٵˡ
֮Ҫ٣ȻҪһ
ţʱԼǶڡʱ䡱⣬ҲҪȫ⡰ʱ䡱ֻҪµ֮پˣϴεʱǼٵģεʱӦû˰ɡ
ʶ֮٣ϵӷˣȫʱ࿹͵ӵʱ


2116 ȭǳ
ôˣ
Ҫ׳ԼԱѡʱ䡱֮ĳϣضµ˵ޣ˰죬ί
ô˵֪Ĵ½ҶȥˣʣµҲ֪ˣǺܵ޵ͷѣϼ˵Ҳ˵ûˣ𣿡
ҪͷȴϽɲסͣҡͷͬʱȻţ˵ٺ룬û©µģ벻Ļҿ԰㡣
־ޣĸóϰƵȥˣȴ̧ͷͷһӵմʵ̨ܶףʹáǬܹͻʦġʱ䡱ǣͬ϶֮ʱ䣬ʦʱԱġ
뵽֮٣ϲɲһ˿ɻɻ֮ٴӺζɻ֮ôģˮ١׽Щҵ˸Դ֮ȴûҵǽӴʦ֮ǿߡ
ѵƬʩչģ
Ų񷣬ԺȴĪһˮٻΪȼٶ֮ҲΪĻ˿˭
һͷ뵽ľʦ˵ӱǸҪĴڣ𣿡ҡͷǣԼҡͷǱʾ񶨣Ǳʾ֪
֮٣ʲôҲҵ⣬һЩʾ
˵ţüͷ֮ڴߴǿرǿָоЩĪȥ룬Ҳ벻ͨΪ֮֮УɱһǱֻҪһͻꡣ
ˮǰẦңԳ׻ٵԼң֣ЩţԽԽСŮͻ֪һЩˡ
ʱһжԱߺ󣬳Ͽͷϣͻһǳ˸ǰǳҫϻûʲôɴ˿ȴӿһɳ嶯һҪǳɽĳ嶯
ǰҰͿԶתƣһǳ׹䣬ڵʵȥһǳ𣿡ϸʳǿǳȥһԣҪǣһԳɹʱ治õʲô⣬֮£ǳӣ
֮¼ʮﴦҶȥϣȥһ
ųУȴǴϳϷ˲Ѵﵽǧѹסϣϼ
һ
ѾС糾ûеǿǳ߼ľ뻹жԶҲ֪ѾĻ㣬תʮţ
ﲻ𣿡
һʣһݣֵʮŻ㣬ת׼ʩչǬͬʱϵٶȲûϷֺӵؿ졣
ڣ׼ϣһȣǬ
䣡
Ӵֱӽ⴦պһƬĺڶǿǳҲΪҡҡУǳȥϼ״ԥתǳ
һתϿΧöǳһԽԽǳںĻ֮Уɫ˲԰Ϊһתǳûнǳ壬ǳĹ
Ҫǣϸо⹥Ƭǳ
Ϊʲô
˵仰ֱӵ׹У۾Ȼǿűǳؿǿǳ˹켣ǿǳԭλãһǳȡһƬյǳһҡһţϳǳ䡣
ͳ˵ͬһ仰ģѰҵǸȾ֮ˣгϵʦȻҲ⣬ӵɫܺںܳǲбˣ˭ɵģǳǻᾪŵ˵ģúúòһ£⡣켴ҵϷҪһˣüӿˡ
ͬһ˲䣬½ҲһЩʻ
ĿóΪޣȴɵվڵֱΪһжΣ
Ѿֹͣ׹䣬ڳ˼˼ԼǳһֱڴǳõôΪǰǳṥǳҲģ˵ÿһǳҲһСŵĴ½ǿģǿôǶٸģǳһ壬ԼĹ
ҵǿһ㣬ǿǳ᲻ᱻҺ飿϶Щǳ˿ҵȻǿɱϾأֻǴڲµһС֣ڵǳѨϣҲԻΪǲҲݻǳڽȥ
Ŷţؽǳߣһһ꣬͵ǳпǣ˻ܣкöö࡭
ţϴˡ
Щǡ
ûȥ˿ֻõӵиǿʵȥһȭ׼ĳһǳ䣬ĳλ
תͷЩеʵ뵽𣿡
޻񣬾ֵҡŴԴɾʱ޻һݣ뵽ʲôʶصؽ˰죬ף˵һǴ½ֻҪӵйڵøãС
⻰޲ˣ̫ˣ޸Ͻſ£ȳϿȥٶȱȥҪȥǸطڴ֮ǰȥģǰˣ޾ã԰
ٶȺܿ죬֮޽͵ĿĵأյϱһϤĸо


2117 ȴǹֶ
ʶĸоǳЩĪΪƬûбٵôܻеϤĴأʱ¡ըԶ¡ǰһֵӴĸо
жðϿôһˮҪ֮ǰϻҪһЩܽڳֱӽڽˡ
תͷ˵ȷʵ⣬ˣ߰ɡ
Ȼ޲ûԤ뵱񱼶ȥǿųϣתתЦң޵ͷѣ˵ðɡ
һ䣬޾͵˳ϵѭǰȥԽǰߣˮԽɱ󣬳ţһ֮ǿֱӾͻᱻѣɢ
Զɳڿռд˴ʱȴûеĿĵأһ˼֪ĵط֪˶ٿռ䣬óϾȣһ˵ؿռ䴫ֻĳһС鷶Χѣǰˮ飬һֱ߷ɳġ
ȻԶɳȱģģǼ֣ڲ֪˶ٿռ䣬֮󣬳ԴأһͿ˺ôһŶ˵һ½ҲΪ
˲䣬۾ﾫΪˮɳĵطŶͣ𵴳ĵطȴǱӡ
ˮࣿ
Ժ︡һӾˡԶ֣ڳϤĶ棬Ķֻһ
Ǿڶȵڶ֮ʱʣ׷ȥǸֶ
Ǹʱ򣬳ʵûôǿƣϿľʵĶʵ󣬲ſ
Ǹͷֳʱ򣬳Ͼ϶ǰⶫǵǸֶ¶ЦݣΪ뵽ֶܴѪؾӦܹٻصѪؾΧ򣬵ܹ봫ϵϣͨŻȥˡ
һ˵඼ôѹֵֶûѶʹӵڶ֮ȥֻǲ֪ⶫôģͣ˯ͣسɳͲ»أ
ֶȻɳȴôǣһʵǵõԼŪǹֶͽԼ³֮ززˡ
ȥվڹֶŴǰ棬ֹǰɴδһ඼һִʱϾӦ˹ֶĺ࣬ϼǬһȭȥ
䣡
ȭͷڹֶıϣֶûѣֻӴֻһ£ͨ˴һһӣϱؿһѷƿؿռ䣬ӵԶֶΧĿռһ䡣
˯ô㣬Ҫǳùֶ˯֮ʣŪ硭
ͻ룬ͷ𣬳ʹˣȷʵӴ󣬿ɻݲֶңҪֶŪȥҲǳѣŪȥˣֶʱ˵һѵĽ١
ʹֶѲˡ
ţʮĿŻת˲䣬ǬһȭڽֶıҳѪѪ䣬ռ羵Ƭѳ
ʹùֶۡ
۾һʱһֻǿֵܵס󲿷ܣʣµһҲڽ硣
ֶӣ̫Ƶģֻɫǽɫâ˫۾ǰСޱȣٴμȭͷȥ
𡪡
ֶŭˣһ𣬳Ͼ͸оԼߵĿռ䣬ɽһڣţֶһţʱһ̾ͳϵձĸоһ
һʹȫҲܽôһأǬ
һΣϻȫʮŻȻת£ǳѨתءڵĿǰܴﵽļ£ֲһȭùֶ۾һ˿ɫȴ𾪣ǻңǾף˼ӡ

ڹֶϵͬʱֶҲȫ£ƴȫһȭǽֶݱһţĻ棬ﵽ˼¡
ɳ̾ȥϽԼתһǽڽǿ棬سϸɴڽǬС
ȻϣǽҪϵݣһ̽סˣ켴һļֶҪϸ³ȥͬʱҪӡ
ϲ֪ǿޱȵĹֶΪʲôηùֶʹܣһץסֶݣȵӵҾ͸
𡭡
ֶܿԣȴһһ𣬱ĲϼȵͣҲ˺㣡
𣡡
ֶͣˣȴûг˹ֶ˵һֱô󣬲ܱСһ𣿡ϻ䣬ֶӻͱСˡ
Ϊʲôôң
ֶҡͷѣһƵģס˵㲻˵ˣǲȥܶطǵĻͱͷˣУ
𣡺𣡡
ֶ£¶Цݡ


2118 ǿʱ
ٴ̣Ĳޣǹֶֶһ̸֮󣬳ùֶȷʵûж⣬ùֶȥתһȦ
ϵıû˲֪µĹֶȥһ磬ĥĥô¶ɹֶ֮ϵļɵ֮ɫȴŨˡ
֮󣬳ùֶȥѰҸֶָҲŴӦˣȴһɣͻԭĵط󣬳ϾҪ뿪
ͬ⣬ôļһڵʵֻܽΪԭ򣬲ùֶΪҪǽֶƼˣǺǲ롣
һ·ϣҲоŹֶֶҲûֹŴˣϺɵ֪˲ֶֹҲſռ䣬ұĿռ䲻֪˶٣ֶֹֱһƬ񷣬ʲôС
˽⵽Щ󣬳ʵܹԵǳ𣿡ֶؽ˼˼ǵȻܣϲ̫ȣʵƬǳ
켴ϽǰЩȭǳһ飬ֶ˿ü֮ǰЩϴ¶֪˼ЩͿˡ
ֶ˰죬Ҳûʲôͷ󣬳һģͷųԼʶʶֶ뵽ֶʶֱй֮УֶʶǺϵʶ棬һֻȥСʱܱû
ϵΪǳðգڹֶûк֮ģֳʶ֮󣬳ϲŴһЩԭֶ̳ǳҲǿžǿţЩ˹ǳ
Ȼ󣬳˳ŴӹֶõĶм䣬ֶųϵһһĴ½˴½֮⣬һЩڣһʯͷһ֮࡭
ȫһԶ˽ȥЩƽɹֶȥģ϶һ㣬֮󣬳ϵѾʮ½ĶмѰˡ
ֶôʱģ
ڳϵ⣬ֶȴЩãȻͲ֪ʱΪϼ״˸⣬Ƕ˵Щ½ǷǳĶɵģôôûл
ֶãȻ
ôã֪֪һǿֵʱ
ֶͷ˼һһͷϸϽʶֶʶȻ󣬳ϾͿһЩ϶Ļ档
߰ɵ˽һͼڴ½ôɽڼϣ˳ȥ
һȭһǳ
ü̫ڿգ

Щ棬ֱɵˡ
ǿֵʱΣض֮ǿߣ֮ǿ߸ߵĴҲǳƽѾļޣȴûϵǿ߾Ȼ֮ǿ˿ֲ
һȭǳһ̫ʲôĴڣ
ϱˣһ𺳣ҹȻŻع񣬻󣬳ȭͷ۾ޱȣǿߣǿߣ
ǿ֮ڣѪҺڣս죡
ƽϢ֮󣬳ȴԻˣôǿĴڣΪʲôģ˭ܽǻǿֵʱôʧ
ûд𰸣еֻǳϵĳĬйֶһ̾Ϣ
ֶ̾ϢͻʵǴǸʱģ
ûеõش𣬹ֶĬǣϸоԼĲ²⣬пܾģ˼˲չҪǹֶǸʱģΪʲôҵǼſֲζѵ˵ҵǸʱĻʲôйϵɣ
ԴˣҲǲ²⣬ʵģҲö֪ϳһһǿġ֮⣬ʼĥǿʱ
̵ЩЩǿҾ͸Ҫǿʱ
֪ҪǿʱҪҪǸʱĶԣһδνֶʶһ춯صĻ棬еǿС
ÿÿãϾͽʱǿޱȵĹֶڣʲôޡռ֮࣬ȫǹֶĲˣЩǿޱȵޣڹֶǰһֻϣӻȥǹֶЩΣյĿռ䣬ֱֶӴһţ¡
ֶһĿĵأûѹĻֶ͵ţֻϽ̸֮󣬹ֶЩ仯úЩ˸С
ѭʵʱһȥˣҪϳʱʱ䣬ˣ̵ġѾǵ߸ʮ½ôǿֱǳȥֵϴޣ
⣬ϵġǿʱҲĥһΣȻǳΣȷʵǳǿ
Ȼֶ֪ĵطкܶ࣬ɳѾƼˣǳȥԣʱմùֶȥ
ֶٶȺܿ죬ڰ֮󣬳Ͼ͵һԹͨϴŵĴ½½ȻҲȽϻȴϱû̵½
ֶ𣬹ֶȴǽϺϵǿݸȻųһУ˼Σ֮ʱͻٵݣߡ
󣬹ֶʧڲ֮£
ǬڵġšϵʱǬȴڽһƴɱ


2119 ʩչΣ
ǬڵģȻӡ
ǬĴѼ֮׳ҪǬ£ҪٺΣգǬڼ׳ȥͬʱҪ֤ļƻ˳ʵʩӸ˾籾ӿ˴Ϸ̡
ԣһϵϣպú˱˴⣬ӦǬڣ
Ȼ˶ûԵֻǰЩЩ֣⣬ǵʵȴһ㶼С
Ѽ֮ǬڵӶ֣ҪЩǬڵȫƻȥǬڷסȻǬڵҲǳصģرǬþֶΣǬڵӵΪǬڵӵʵΪӣǿȴǬڵӵסˡ
õϢһϼƣڶ˳ȥֱǬڣɳֻ棬Ÿָ츳ܵˣѪħ츳ѪܣɱǻϢ
ӵûзǰУȴһǳƽˣȻƽֻȴŵ˷ǳΣյϢ
ǴͻƣйأǬڵӻԮ֮⣬ĹǬڻأûǬһ˵Ĵ㡣
ȻǬڵĻҲôôģǸ󣬱ȹڲ㣬Ѿʣ޼ۿļƻҪգӵǸ൱ƽ£ڳˡ
һֱ֣ӽȥ˻˹ȻĻʵδҲ֪ƣ룬֪ʹֻƴؽֻ״ϲѣͬʱз֮ΪҲûŪӵж֪
һƶǬڽˣЩ˼ֱʹһΣǸ˱ָһΣֱ޾ټǬʱĵػ˱Ƶơ
ϵʦȴûаֻңֻǿЩȥʱһüͷЩǲôڵģڵĶȴִˣɻء
Ҳ£Ƭ½˴켴ǬڵĴŹâһϳǬ棬߳ţϱ㿴ܿڡš
һˡ
ϱܿ˵켴ָоǬڵĽգʵܿǬڳʲô££ܿ˵һ飬ӣûʱ򡣡
׼Ҫȥƴɱ͵ͣס˽Ųܿ¶˼飬ܿ״ЦǲָǴһû
ôϾòУ켴Ȼ߳ȳϽܣȻԱܿЦŻӦȻóϸϽȥæ
ʵ棬һ֣ǿĵˣ϶£ӭѶϣŮ棬һ֣ҪӱǾһ죬һڵء
ȻҲʵԽǿˣŮԽ࣬ⲻʲô⣬ԼһķָŮˣȴǲƽģƫƫֶģζܿǵȻǳϲܸģͷ⡣
ǡҰˣ
˵һ仰ĶӣܿȻ״ԼͬЦȻ˴򿪻ϻӣ̸ͬʱϵʦȴڿпųϣΪοظ̾óϲһ
ϳлԪָЩ󷨸͵סֱߵƴɱ֮һȥ䡢衢˾ͽһ˶ƴɱǵʵߵʱ򣬶һأرǳ裬ѾͻƵıԵֻҪǰһ̤֮
Ҳһ
Ͻմųͨı仯оϱǿ˲٣ʵһĻҪֲֲҺͳϵ۾ӡ
ûȥôģͳǴһк˿ϻһƣȥȡ֮ǾٱӿһǬЩӣҲΪϾϵս׳٣̫Ӱ졣
ɱ
һ𣬺ÿռ䲨Ǭڵȣɱɱ磬ЩɱˣоѹΪƾ̵ɱһ̣ȴǳɱǵ
ӰһֱɱֻͷֻĴڣһֱӴǰˣִһʵô죿
ҪлİҪû㣬нң
θлأ
ţ۾һУȹ˳ȥȣռ籩ռ籩ȷʵȳϸոʱĿռ籩ҪǿҪһǴɱһᡣ
ϧֿǳҡҡͷ˵⣬̫ˣиǿ𣿡˵֮䣬һָָȻǬһָָռ籩
ָоϱǿˣȴûϵ֮ǿ˵һΣɱݽ棻ڶΣɱϣһΣɱʲô
֣ʩչһУ
ʩչΣ
Ļشֵ֮УһӱǿˣǾԼ޵еģһЦ׼ڼ˵仰һҪסһڽ£
ԶǸƽ˿˾ֱ䣬һγ֡


2120 սս
Ǭ׼ʱĳǳ֮УҲж˵СӣҵҪʵǿһܲܽӵ
ֻ۾֣ΧһУڳϵĲ̽Χ֮ڣǸƽ˵ľٶȻ˳ϵرעֻû׼ȫЩȴΧ
ǬڵӸϽǰȴϾܾ˵ǹǶԳžԵΣֹͣŲרɱǰôҲɱĵˣǬڵӻЩԥɿǵľֹҲǰ
ǸƽϵĻ¶º͵ЦݣֻЦ̲ɱͬһ˲䣬ЩѾɱϽ׵ĵطʱǵԤ׵ըˡ
Щˡʱʵͺܲ˿̱ʩչطʵֻǿһըʵǾˣҲһüͷûеһʱЩˡ֣һΪ֣жԸЩˡɱﵣֱӽս磬бأ棬Щʵжǿж֣ڲ˻
еԭ򣬳оһ£ЩȥˣôģȻЩˡûһ˼άǱϾһַʽţҪܹŪףڳϵļƻвٰ
ըܵನֱһǬڵӶ󣬳ΡɽֲҡһȦϽЩ
ҪǸƽ˵ʱüͻֱֱͻͷ֡
˿̣ǿǳ棬һȭͬʱΪңԶռ֣Ҳȭʱһѹֱ£ЩҪסεǬڵӣǣȻ˳ȥǻѪ
ӽ̶ĳһûнڣЩãͬʱת룬ϲ˷󺰣Ǭ
ȻϵķӦܿ죬ҲݣһϵеĶڵʯ֮䣬һǿ˵ʱȫԺԲƣǣ˵ʱͺԲˣϵػûڵ۷壬Ǭûзӵ£ȭͷѾ¡
¡
ը죬ֱǳײ˴أȥռȻȴҲܣԸٶȥ廹ѣѪ
־ȣҲüһף⼸ʱֵʲôȻ˹׹ָЦݣСӣǾٽһȭ
е֣һֹķʽͣϳȥȻܣǿšءӭȥͬʱʣǰ֣˲һ֮ǿߣǣղһȭܣǺ֮Ϊܹʩչֹͣʱӻе㽩Ӳһ֮ǿ˵ǲ˼ģеʲô飿
ͻأ۾һ뵽Сڵؿռ䣬½ͼڴ½ʩչĳµĻεƣ뵽⣬ȷղһȭģ

һսʱ쭷ڣǰٶȸˣͬʱϽ硢ʮɫâȵȶһԶȫۣ֡
Ͽһֱÿһ˲䣬ֵζڿռת˺üΣ˷ʤһСĹͻգǶԳ˵ɲʲô£ûմһУؾ쵽е壬˿ֱִ̣ǸռУ϶ܽ͵
ֲ̺ȭͷٴײصûʲô¡ը죬Ϣˣ֮ʱʱ䵹
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˵ĸ֣ϸոסΣͿʼ˻ȥһ˲䣬ѾϱЩˡʱϡ
ܵ˹ϱ̾ҪٴκǬܲܺʱ䵹һתȴǷˡ
Ϊûһ¡ʱ䵹⣬ϻԱڡʱ䵹ҲܹǬ
ֻҪֲйͲᱬ
ʱ䣬Ҳܹġ
Ļֲֻ֪֪֪ǳڡʱ䵹ˣ˵ʵǿûʱ䣬ҲãȻҵɳ죬ҽ͸ıģʼջҵģ
˵仰Ҳڷű仯һĻжڳʦ۾ûгֻ֣ǿţ뿴Ӧԣ뿴һ˳ȥжջ
ǣ߿ݽʱ䵹к޷ӦüͷһʵԶԶڣȴЩ˿ȴǺ޶
ʳ߾Լشǹģ켴ϸһĨЦݣȻ֪ԴںδӦеƣĵƻʲô
ֻǧ֮һϢ䣬Ͼ͵˻ظͨŻصǬڵʱ̣ʱڡʱ䵹еĳϣȴЦˡ
һƽЦȴñ仯ŵֻһ飬ԶĿǽüͷΪǶؿЦݾԲڡʱ䵹ǸϵЦݡ
ζʲôζʱĿƣ
ʺһ֣ȴǼǿȣڴ˿̣оġʱ䵹ޱȻ
˿̣ǳֱֶһǣ


2121 ɱ
ֶʲôĿǰ֪ģǸǿֵʱ
࣬һ㹻ˣ
ʦո߹ʱ䵹뾭ЩйأľȴֶеϵҲǵжԣҪóϵȻҲҪֶ
ϧǿǹֶǰͳƲǿˣʵԶԶùֶԣʱ䵹һ˲ޱȻٵһ˲ֹͣˡ
ϣȻüȥ
Щڳϵ֮УҲ˵Ǿ仰ԭ֪ԵɣȴײĹǸͨʩչȴҲ˵زΨһĽ;ǳֵܹʱ䵹ֶΣ
ѵһȴûзֻʮָɵ㣬룡
ʱǱѾֹͣʱһΣȴֻгڵٹغڹֶϾȴûлңҲûй䵹ϲŹԼԡʱ䡱նĻᣡ
ֵı仯죬ѲΣǴĹâת䡣
еȴ¶ȣѾ̶ֳȣܽĿھǲǸóˣֻǿϵ״̬ԼٵһȣҲа취
Уĳ
ȻڼҲɣ롱ʹȴƵǣ˴˴ȴûҵʵĻ֣Ϊϵʵûô
ģ
һ䣬ŵʱ򣬳϶ԡʱ䡱ȴ˸⣬һߣǸƽȴûпֵƴɱһʩչطһεطȻǰͬѪڲͣͷڱף廹ڱС
ȴǺں۾ĹâȫҵĹâ߶ţŪʲôȻҪҸôĴۡ
ķӦǲ֪ˣԼöС󣬶ֻʣ֮һûлâɫҲ΢΢Щ԰ף뵽һΪҪ飬֮ǰһΣܹȻ١
һ˲䣬һоԼġ롱ҲʧЧ˿̳Ϸŵ飬ȴʶһνֶʶ
붼У׾ʲô
ŭˣûʧȥǣ²ΪһУתȵʱ١ͬһ˲䣬ȫһŹâֱ϶
ƴȭķ򣬼ٻ
ʱб䣬ϵһʱоһȣǬ
Ѿǿ״̬ġǬͬʱ޾ԶѾҺõط׼˯Ĺֶ۾͵һ켴һ
ֶڴ𣬳ڿȣƣ
ʱʱ١ƵһЩųϻûȫٵûȥԣһڣһڹȥֹâȻ嵽ǰץȥ
ϵĹŪһͣҪӴ󹥻ʱԺȻˡ죬ʹ֣͵һѪʱ١ѵøɸɾ
⡭
ǿϣ˻ɫž⣬⹥Բڳϣʲôһ˿˲仯־ϲܹΪã̸²ɣ
˲⼸궼ʲôЩ˻һֻҪҵˣʲôĴۣҪ£ҵͣصԳʱ䡱
ٻصǬ棬ʱ١飬ȫڡڡպײģ𡰻Ǭһץֱӽֹâץˣְݻûü¡
һĻǬڵˣϵʦҲˣûǿֱʱٵĵز˭֣
߲̽ȥ˺Զȴûһ˿󣬶Ҳʦ⣬ԼʩչʵԲ˲Ƶ˺üˣϽעƺ͹ֶϣ֮ǰϾӦǹֶ֣ϾǻʶڹֶʶС
ֶѾ˯ˡ
Ͻ˼£ץǰתͷǸѱüΪСƽˣ˵ҽЩס㻹ܽǸ𣿡
ûлشֻһߣ
ˣҷһ·

˿ЦСӣҪȵȣҸһϲ
۾ٴ˾ȻһΣյĸоǰʱ򶼲йģвʵҪʲô
˱ԽԽˣ۾ȴӵ˿ûΪնɱֶа˿Ĳһ˲䣬˵ȴȼǻ˵ĸо˵죬ԶԶ
ɫҲ߲֪ʲôʱ˳ߣһͬţҲоΣգԴ˿ʼȼ֮۾Ŀͱ˿־塣
ʲôʣΪʲôʲôḴʲô
µţ֪ҪֹͣʩչطҲֹͣˣһУᰴԸչסˣҲ֪Լĺ־Ϣ֮󣬶ųϣغϣˣǰδеǿɡ


2122 ֲ
˵ĲҽϵΣոٴӣﶼһɳ嶯ҪȥֹǸطǿѹסɳ嶯Ҫս
ʵϲ֪ʦҲͬĳ嶯
߶оΣյĶ϶ͬһ㣬ţӱ˭
ҽУȫȼһ˲䣬ǬڵƬռ䣬ǬѾ޸Ĵѿ
ɫһΪ괫ѶϢղŵѣ޸ˣ
ԥأߴȵˣǸϽ뿪ʮԣǬӣصţô뿪½ϡ
ߵĻôҶоԣǬһı飬ǬڵҲûа㳷˵˼һȣǬڳǾ
Ǭӻһоռ䴫쳣ڵȳȥǬڵٶȳ룬Ǭڵˣ䡢ȴûаҪ˼
ʦĻ֪ûأΪڵʵȻпʦġʱ䡱ȴųϴùתû˵˾ͽ˵磬㲻ߣұ㲻ߡ
һҪŸҵ
ôõĶ֣ȥңһҪô˻һ̨ף

䡢׷˵߲˵꣬ͺжԶԶҪǲȴǲ۳ϣ۾ԥ
ʱһЦ˵ң
תߣ񱼣ˣл磬ţϵͷַ󺰣ֱȻȻܿ뿪½ͷ
Ȼʳʲô£ǬѾˣȻ֪أܿսһ𣬲ߵʱȻȴǽǸšŪˡ
ŵһ£ǬڵĴѾȫˣˣɫޱȣһת֣˳ݸ˳ϡ
һҲûΪʲôֱ£ʱǻѾҪϨ𣬳ʦĿռ䣬ȫ籩ΧǬڵĸҲڵ𣬳׵Ļ
ǬڵĸڴǷͬѰΧĿռô仯ӦöΣڣȴоǴӸġ
飡
𣬻ʧע⵽Ҳ֮ʧֻΪԵʣʧ÷ǳȴûʱȥϸ룬ֱӽӽ
󣬸ʦתǬڵĸ
ǬǶͨص뿪ˣǬڼˣϿһֲѷУһֺֻֻ֣ô󣬴޷ݣüͷ壬йֵĸоֻһ
˿ֲĴڣ
ԼʦǬԴȴǳȥʽɱֻ֣Ҳ󣬱ű߳ȥ̧־һȭתʮŻġǬ
Ǿɱкֻϣ־𶯣ķ֣Ǻģָͷһ󶴣ô״ǬԴͬʱһ˴һо𾪡
ʱѷУһֻ֣ǬԴȣһ˶Ըһֻ£ǬԴֶȥҲǺֻ֣Ҳ֪ʦĻػдΪжؼʱ̣ȻǱжʱ򣬳ϳ֣ؽͬʱһȭǬ¡
ٴκһָЩ⣬۾һϽڽ磬ٽǬתǬҪؿȥ籩ꡣ
ǱߣͬɱŵǬԴ۾ɻǬڲѾʧһ˵Ǹ˵Ǭǽһǿ֮ϣǬܹ֮֮ףԨԴǸǿֲʲô壬ԣȴһ֪
ѵǸǿ𣿡
ǬԴţøˣѪΪǬԴԼĲ²棬ǳ棬ϾԲǶ֣ңҲ佻̸ֲ֮࣬ĴڣȴǱǸطŪġ
ǬڵĴ󶯣ȴǲ֪ڻָղܵˣȴڵһʱоˣǣӴ˿üͷϵƣһżǧĲ
ڭطû۷壬ӦòŪôĶŶԣмʲô⣿ǬڵĵطǰʲôǿĴܲˬΪÿγ֣ⷢڿɲϷûн˿ɻҪ
ӽʾ֭Ű취Ϣӱ˳ȥʹŷһεĵط֮棬Ǹˣֱ˵ڭʲô£
˿ӵļʽ֪鲻һأ˸ղ㿪Ѫоţϸһͣһɣǿв㡣
һ߲һѪ㵽󣬹˵ֲ֣ʣϢ˲üͷȴǳֹٶȣΪ˶˵ãǴá
ֲʲôֲ
۾âһߣǬڵķ֮ѾһˣǶֻۣһֻţӲٵطԳ˹ͷɫ֮ȫףȻˡ
ϿǰĶ۶žˣȴǻ


2123 Ǭ֮
ǹɱͷ䵽ţ䵽ﶼ𺮷磬鲼ĴȻǴСһ
ֻΪǬڶĶ۶žˣʶ̵ý
ȻӴûɢһɳϻһ۾˳ڹֶʶ￴ֹһ飡
ϿǸ棬һȭһǳ飡
ֻǸʱ򣬾˻ֻ۾˫Ҳȱɲ˺ۣˣҲóϴԵ˲հˡ
ǬԴ۶žˣǸ˵ģٿϵģɵϣʶ
ϵ˵ͷ켴ҡҡͷ˵ҿҲʶĻ˵һ飬˵ǰһȭǳǬԴͫâ״
ʱ˿˳ǬԴֻǺɵľ֣˹ǬԴռӰԭأʵȴؿռ䡣
ȻǬԴܸã۾ӿռΪһӾĵǬԴǰǬԴ󾪣ʩչʱ䵹ϧʱصúûиǬԴ˿Ļᣬֻٴֵ֡
ͬʱѹ𾪣Ǭһ۾ܲź䵽·ֳȭӭųϻȥһĻóϻһݣʱѪҺڡ
Ǹʱǿߣܹǿһսѵã
ϱսеȼǿųһֱδҵĵʮ㣬Ҳϴת֮Уʱܱ
䣡
ȭײϱɳȥͷ糴죬ڵѪֱӱ޴ëＤһ𵴣ֱӽǬԴеĹɶ׹ȥӻ
ǿôֲܺǳȫʢʱڣֻһȭˣ
̾˺أȴоǳʹ죬ԣǿԼֹͣˣԥش̼ǹ˵ĻңɻңʹáǬһα
󣬺Ȼǰ
һϢĹǬԴҲ˴һУͬģǬԴҲ·磬ˣҲεֻ˫˼ۡ
˺֪־ȭϣ¡һը죬嶼ֱӱҵñΣҲ˾һָǣں˵ʱҲ˵ָǡ
ϵˣǬԴϣŨϢķײ˵ʱͬʱǬһָָ֮ǿߵǬԴʩչġǬһָ൱ǿعھϣȴһδˣֻҡεķһЩ
ϣߣס
ǬԴѪ˺ʱЦʦһĥĴûᣬϲҡ
ߣ˲ܶԸġ
Ѿˣˡ
˵ŵʱѾ񱩵Ŀռ䣬ˣǬԴϽϣȣˣҲǾ˵Ķ֣ⶫǲôڵģǬ֮⣡
Ǭ֮⣿
һײɣ˼ȴûжϣȻ뵽ԼǬڣǬԴЩ⣬Ƿشȵʦ˵Ǭ˵ǲҲҪǬ֮⣿
ԲҪߣԶǬ֮һˡ
ǬԴϧԼʱ䵹ʱٲͣתţռ籩ĴϮַֽȵȣǬԴ˳
޸ԶԶϲƻٶȣڴ̼Żңһһε˹ͷڿתţ뵽ԼƬ񷣬뵽Լ磬뷨һ𣬳ʵҪǬ֮⣬ҪǬ
Դˣϵһʱ뵽ģ棡
Ǭ׵׵棬ǲǾǬ֮⣿ϲ֪ȴʵ֤ǬԴѾһѪ˶ȴڷСӣ㲻Ҫĵ˻ڵ㣡
¡Ǭ֮⡱ĺۼЦʦеƣܹˣϵĵƣȻǹֶʱ׼ǿݣûеͷϾԲȥ飬ңĥģֻǻǬ
ǬԴȻֶ֪Ĵڣȴ뵽֮ǰһӺ֡ʱ䡱Ĺ컭棬԰ȷϵʵǵ㹻㱣

Ѫ˵һ֣ǬԴ˵ãҾһ
һƬգѾΪ˷籩ģϯķΧܵĴ½ҲڱƬ񷣬ҲЩ΢΢ĲԶӣɫˣţҪǼȥܻᳳˣңҪˣǼƻʧˣڭŪʲô𶯣Īǡ
۾Ȼһ˲ɺâ޺˵Ǹ⣡
ߣɫѾӽڲ԰ףڡǬĴѵ˼ޣٻȥͻȫ
ǬԴˣڿռõĶýˣھˣֱ۲ȱ˽ٷ֮ʮɢ⣬ȫСЩ⣬ֱ̺ҪЩǣҲܴڡ
ٴվ̤ȥԺֳ︡ڹֶ￴໭桭


2124 Сת
粻ٻң׼Ҫģǡǿʱ
վֻǿ򲻵ǿʱľ裬ֻĽӴǸʱǿߣǿ֮ǿʱ֮ǿ
һһţǿʱǿɫζϢȴ̺޾Ե֮⣬ǿ֮⣡
һ翸ɽǿ
һ춯صǿ
һȭǳǿ
һ̫ǿ

ǬԴһףֹͣ˹ֻǽضųϣǸˣڱϵġǿʱֻ֣۾Ҳתһ£ųϡ
ԽԽȴûг֣ƺ廳ƺ׷Ѱֱǧ֮ʱ˲̧˲֣Ȼûʽֻճȭͷ״
֮ǰһȭóϿɵǧ֮⣬һΣ˵ȭͷǿʱ棬ûǰǰ񣬶ǳһ
ǬԴ״¶οЦݣﰵǵǬ֮⣬ǶǸˣҲһƴ֮ˡ
ǿʱȻǿܣǣϵȴԱײػҪٶţѽڰ磬ٴ궯ص궯ɽ١ˮߣľݡ
ѣڱǳ䣡
궯нάšǿʱǿšǿʱԽԽ󣬾˵ȭͷԸٶȱѿǣ˵Ĺûȫͣ£ȭͷǰÿǰһϵѹҪǧ򱶡
ȥᱻ˹ƣǿʱľ裬ôǳԵģǸεǿ֮ǿʲôϾ˵۾һ顣
켴۾ǹ⣬ʮɫâٴοȥлвʣʲôǲʵ£ǲʻ𣿡
Ȼʳһò𰸵⣬ɳȴоԼŹʱһ뵽ǿ֮ǿĲθ
һ˲䣬ٴγЩ֮УһΣЩˣһһֻҪһˣǳԼ
ϽԼʶȵȣڽǺǳľ֮УǵǿǿˣһǸ˵ӣת˼Ȧ
ͬʱǿʱֱ˵ȭͷˣ˵ֱۣң˻˳һǾ˵һ˺
һĻԱߵǬԴĪؼȭͷý
ǿʱķΧչӴˣҲʼ䣬ͷ죬ʱһֻ֣ɵ״ݺն¡
鲼ռġǿʱܱնһѷѷǡǿʱ©˳ѷ죬һǿʱܾͻᱻ𵴣Ͼͻܵɣ½ѪϽ߾ȫάšǿʱͬʱŹϵһ⡢ͷ
ˣ˻ԽԽˣǬԴŵ·ľˣǲѣ¾һߵòȣȥΪҪ浹ĻǾͻѹˡ
ΰ죿
ͷǧתȴûתó취ǿʱԽԽˣ˵ľٶȼӿ죬Ϣ󣬾˽ֶֻǿ߳С
顱죬˫ըޱ۾ˣϵġǿʱȴ˸߰˰ˣֻʣһ㻹ϣϻѪ籩衣
ô״ǬԴϣղ׼Ĺйȥھ˱ϣֱӺһԴԹɾȴûᣬӷֻźɨȥ

ɨǿʱȫ飬Ҳ߷Զȥɫ԰׵£ţûǿʱ⣬ȥˣȥˣվҲǣֻңңЩ棬̵Щǿʱֻǿʱıɽһǣܵõǿʱȫ棬ˣƲҵǿʱ
ףǣǿʱòǳ׵õҪǹֶϻһ㶼֪أֵȥѰЩ棿
ţβǺɨȴֱֱǶŵŵ㣬ǳϣϿȡݣҪ
ʱһ죬طСת磬ǸЩͣȴȻľˣɵأС¶ʮɫâҫֱ֣ײԴ
ͬһ˲䣬½ϣЩǺӦʲôģйϵ֮ų뿪ʱµ仰
ڣСݼǴŵҲǻζСݼ󾪣ϽټˣһȻСݼأȴǱ֪̽ӿüͷ壬֪ܶϢԣһʱжڿ϶һߣǣҲûа취ȥȳϡ
뵽ֻӵķаϣֻҲһʵǣпܾȵóһҵϷȥ
ٻصǬߣСڳ֣ϾʹݵĴ㣬ǽУԷһСڻצֺǰֺǿš桱֣ͻ뵽ʱǸֵ֣ǡġ桱תһ̡
桱ָ֣׹ٶȾͣСֱײͷ­


2125 ٲӣ
˲ĻţǣСڵһ˲䣬ȴô󣬳ϲ֪Ϊʲôȴǿ˽ţҲǿԴСײȥ
˵ԴҪȥײѰ·˵Դײȥս治˵Сڣ
ǬԴ˳ߣ˱ֱֻ۵Ĳ֮˳ϣϵʲõؽӹչͬʱĿתؿС˵ƴɱ
û˿ɣû˿㣬ֻӲӲһײ
䣡
ײನֱǬԴϺȥԶϵҰСˣԴȱһ룬ɾ˿ûе飬ֻСɨȥ
еСڣ޼϶ؿǰ桱ֹâ˶ŰΧʱ˵ֻȣ粽ҲƣСѪӱٴײ˵İԴ
˲䣬СϮֱӽ˱ͷˣʮֻצе˺Ѿ˵壬еڳž˵Ķš
һӺǿޱȵľˣͱС˺ʮ飬СϵʮɫâҲʧΪӣһ
ϿǿϵľʹȥСڽסСڵʺѪҺɴ󼱣Сڣжأ
û¶ֻĹȣҡ
û˵꣬Сھͻ˹ȥϳֻң߽šСڡ߽Щ壬ȫռһ㶼Źʹȫƴ
СڣϾˣţ
ϽСͽ磬ڽ磬켴ȡעСڣͬʱôҲƽڳϵӰУСڵޱصģСڵʵҲޱǿģһΣѾ桱ֵСڣȴˣĹȶԡ
СӦǸоҵĴΣգŴӳ˯ѹϴΪۣ᲻СڵĳɳϾСδĵˣ϶ǷǳֲĴڣСڣһҵģ
ԱߣǬԴҲǳԾѣΪСڵû뵽Сһʮצֺδ˵ҲδĴڡ
ǬԴΪǳϵŵƣϵĿҲŵǣΪ˴ĻǿǱʮֵΣգû˵ֻǰǷ棬˵˲ˣûвзϣʵжǿ˭Ƶס
Ժ뵽ֶһȽϺ󣬳Ͼþ۷ʱڣֶռ·磬ϾǻġǬܴϹֶݣαǿġǬȴֻܺһЩָǡ
뵽ֶϱ뵽ùֶеĶɺǰһԣǷԾҲЧǬ֮⣿Ǭ
ͬʱӿָֻƽٿСݼŵȻãȴ¶ɱЩѾܹжûֻҲûл٣Ȼǵĵ񲻿á
֮ǰǲû˼˱仯Ϊ˵ųʵǿѾϣƿ֮ˡ
ȻϷʼÿһγֺ֣ԤƵĶȫһǣǱϾĳܷΧ֮ڣһΣ̫ˡ
ѵտʼҾͲӦ
ĳǸʱҪóϾò֮ոӾͽնתһȻĿҲᶨԤϷûн˭Ӯ˭仹ûжοһץģЦģ϶ң˵ԽǿʱҵõĺôԽԽ󣬶Դ˵ļֵԽ󣡡
ּⷬƻһҪһЩôˣڭܹŪֲĶҪǽƾʵռӦò̫ѣֻҪ׼طٴθЩֲĶܶԸһҾͲܶԸü
⣬ԳϼΪ޵ˣҲȻǵʵ˵ǳҰŪ㶫ҲǸŪһ鷳
Ӽƻ⣬һʱ뵽켴ֵƷչ֮죬½ҲҪˣң½ﻹгϵĲٳˣ
żƻһһֳӵЦԽԽʢĿСݼɨţĿɨʱӹЦҪܳɹҲϴһ
Ӿıŵʱ򣬳ѾǸò࣬溧ˣǾǬôãҲǼ߼ʮ½ܹȵģҪǾƷʣܱȵģϵЩٴλһ࣬رҲ˺ų̈ף
Уϳˣڡǿʱ⣬Īؼˣ˵£Ӧȫ֮࣬ŶԣǸʲôطŪģ
ûоʹ˿ŵСڣȻõЩǲСظоСڻҪ
һתʵʦ֪ࣿ
ǬԴüëһ˵ǬڻӵģһһӺˣӺˣ֪
ʦ֪ںδ
ĿᶨޱȣǬԴô˵˲䣬˾


2126 
½ؾϵһֽʱϾѪԣһ죬ɱȥҲݺݲڽŵ¡
ԣǬԴ˵Ǿ仰ʱϾ˾ҪɱȥһΪ˵ԣΪ˸СѰҸڴȷʵһȥ
ǬԴϵʻ˵ӱǲ֪һġ˵ţǬԴ̧ͷҲǴΪģҪʦ˵֪׼ݣֶȥЩʦ֪ݾͿһˡ
ʦ
ǿǳϣǿǳǣ
˳ǬԴָȥüֱɱ֣û뵽ȻǳϣһȭǳĻԺתһȦʵʦҪǣ
ɴķֱɱȥ΢ʡµģҵǵĹŹ룬ôҲֻ鵽ͨǽֶĹ
֮Ѿ㹻ˡ
һȭǳʧܣɵõ̵ֶķ֮ټʵʮģȳ˵ǬԴѾԳ˵²˳٣жزҪҪϵƣ⣬Ҳ̽̽ʲôı
˵꣬ǬԴؿռ䣬ǹȥϽںﱻơҲ̼Щ˷ܣԽ࣬ʵԽǿ⣬СҲ档
ǬԴú㣬ܿʹųϽǵĹȻŹЩʱ䣬ǣʤڰȫϣ˶ԳᣬָԼʵ
˱ǵʱкžƣŸˣĴѰţ̧ͷһǳüͷ΢΢һ£ǰ𶯣Ǭڶȥ
Ǳߣһ칦Ǿ֪֮ʣµ֮һǬԴûȥѰƫֱɱȥ󲻾ãǬԴ磬ȿԱǬԴ㣬ʵ𣬻ΪһС
ֱߴ൱󣬳ǿϣĦ˻㣬һĻóǰأѧĦã
ĦԽԽ󣬺ڳ㹻ǿر˾˵ʬ֮󣬳ֻǸо΢΢ȸУûˡ
ǣ벻Զˡ
еҲоǿתһȴǳϣ˲ֳȵɫϻѵ֮ǰûˣ
ԴˣţĿųϣʱϷȣˣ㻹𣿡ƿȴЦˣǸСӣ֮ǰûˣ㵽ǣҲʮһ˰ɣݽߣȻǧֶΣҲΪã
˵˵ţûд⣬תȥˣǰ漸ζ⣬һΣԲٳ⣬ϳܳ⣿
ϵȷʵ֧ţϵִǵ״̬ͻԤϵһǣôԴУ
ǳҲƬ£ЩռҲڲ£ĦҲ
һȫǳѨζŨǳʱ˷ӿעϻſΧĿռ䣬ԼĦ
һܹάֳϵģЩʣ࣬һеʱ򣬳һθоռ䲻ǳħ˵ô򵥣ңоʱռ仹ϵ
⣬ĥšǬ֮⡱
Ͻǵһ㣬ǬԴ˵һ㣬ǡǬԴﻹЩ𾪣֪ϵڲͬȴûϵϵĻҪڲͬȻѾĽ׶Σ⣬ԸоԽԽǬԴԺ֡
ûͦ
˵ţӿ˲ٶȣͬʱ˵Ҫǣɲô׵ģ
ȷ˵ǲý룬һ㲻ú飬ϱáǬᣬ뵽ǳ뵽ֶ˵Щ⣬ҽҲһǧ
ΧתϵǳѨϿʼܱǳӦŵЦˡ
ʱļһƬΧ֮ڵǳųϵǳѨתתǳִռнתϵ㶯õֻζֺֹǧ
ɫڲŵͻӿ˲
⣿
仰һȣƣ
ʱǳѨһǣǳЯſռ䣬ӿſֲײǵһ㣬ûһ˿ͣͽǵһϸײˡ
ƺƵĲѿڹ룬ʼӶˣЩãҲٻ˺һЩ
һ㣬ǳûġ
ֲǣ֮󣬳Ѩϲ١ǧһӿ֮󣬾ͽʧˡ
ЩҲû˷ѣһԶڽ
ɫ࣬˵·㲻ߣţƫ


2127 
ԣЦ˵ΣΣ
㣡
ѻ٣𣿡
ش𣬾ͽ˵㲻У
ţ
㵱նҵΪһ㶼ţңҲΪŶֻΪԶҶ˵Ļ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ϻ壬ûһǷϡһڱųϵţţĴжŭҪǰĲ̫ˣһμʱУһֻ϶㲻ϣ˵Щԣ˵Ҳֻһǳǳ޴Цѡ
ɽ죬ϾȻˣվļſڣκһˣﶼҲ⣬ŭˣԳ˵ҵҪҲڵϵģ
Ը
ĸһڣǬת£ȥЦһУҵֻΣգö𣿡
ǰһӣƥײϣȴǰ㶼ûܵӰ죬ֻǶݺݵһ£һô˻һն¡
йΣյϢֱնƳϵͷˣ˿ȥ˵ղŽĲ㣬ǣ
֪ˣϧˣ
ЦţһնȥͬʱЩûбƻĲãҲһͬϣΣȴǺʣ㲻Ҫڵô蹷һұǲΪԼеʵ޵𣿡
۾һüȴɻ֮ɫһնһȭϣ֮ʱһ޵ԨٴδΪ𶯡
նˣСӣ֪ʲô𣿡
ϻǣɻԽԽأǬԴܸоһУҲ֪һЩʲôû˵Լĥ׵ģ˸ߵģôˡ
˵ţҸ㣬ѽרΪƣм˺ȻҪǵռ磬⽣Ҳûʲôãǣռ磬Զһʱٶ֣벻ȴȻˣҽͳȫ㣡
жٿƣ
ͻһ䣬˫һ䣬û˳ųϵĻȥ˵еֶΣҶʲôֶΣȴһ֪˵㻹ܻȥ𣿡
ƵģУе
ң
Цƾ㣬㻹ҡ
ڻʮƣ
仰նµĽһͣ۾ﾫâֱϲûгûЦã̫ˣ벻㻹һ⣬ʮƣ̫ˣ㻹ǵҸ˵Ļģվҵģҵģ
ղ㲻ǽйǣǴĳһ̶ֳ˵ǣǾ㣬ֻ㻹ûǴﵽȫڵĵز
һ³Ͼ֣Ʋϣȴûд⣬֮ǰ˵˳ų˵ȥϣһȭըȻеĵ
Ϊʲôʱ乥أ֮ǿߣ
һǰûйϵĻȴЩˣֻΪ͸¶ĶϣղΪˬȻʱ乥һεĶʱ乥ܵ˺ûȫָǰ֮ôã
ʵǬҵƣ
Ŷĵʲô
ǿʱ
£ϼǿʱһɢȥĽҲն󾪣ȥʱרԸϵĽֱˣǧٿ顣
ϵġǿʱ˵˫۶סֺοƵĽң֮󣬳ϵġǿʱʵı仯
ˣȻѲȥңϵѪ⻹ɢҲڱѣŵϢǡǿϢ֮С
ܼȥȻ
ҲǺˣ뵽ֱټϢŨޱȵķͬʱԱһۣ³ߵξѪʩչط㶯ǿʱһ¡
ô˻ᣬϵǣϵĲãȫϣͬһ˲䣬һеɿʼ𶯣ˣ߿ǳҲ𶯶𶯡
֮䣬һ͵ͨǿʱϣоġǿʱû磬ųܷΧǰĹͿҪͻĳܼޡ
֮ǰûǬǵķӦڵɹӦòǣ
Ȼ²һ㣬ɷֲȥ̽Ҳûлţɹ˵ǲ磬Ҫǣƾ̺ÿһȭÿһ档
Ĺȴ
Ȼǿ̵ģȻķպܴȴֵһԣ
ǹɹٽά֡ǿʱÿһ㣬ܵһιɫҪжˣ˳ϵСҹΪãһţ뿴ܲܽҵĹȫ꣡
УλѪɳ
ʱ߿ǳһһתԶԶȥӻǺڶ״


2128 Ϊ۸һ
Χ߿ǳ𶯵ԽתԽ죬ܾԽˣ뵱ϽǿʩչĺڶĪǳڶתܸǾˡ
Ҳӳһһ͵Ĺóе㴭˼תֶΣѾռϷ磬·
ʩչʱ乥ҪȻҵĴҪΣһ㡣
ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ϊ˼ɣͷתǧأϻûõһʱһ𣬱ӽѪ
̣۾½ѪѪţǿʱҲڱƻѹ״ЦĵҿҲûʲô˲ģǰҲֻлķݡ
ǲмһˣȴǾ̾ѣϾƾŰ˿ǳģʵֹǰ˿ţ˿ǳ˸ǳϿȴţһУζҪŪ֣ǿϢ
Ϣ䲻ϴʮ֣ʱ۾һ뵽ȻܴڲƣǴⲿأȼܣ֮ԵĻƾͻҡ
뵽֮ʣջءǿʱϵĶһ˿ɻ켴ޱȣΪǳ˺֡
ȫڽѪǹʱǿʱѾѹǳСһΧڣϣɣ
ȣǳһͬһ˲䣬ͻǸѴȥЦ㻹ӵ𣿡
ȥۿҪϮڳϣȴѹġǿʱȥײǿʱȻУȴ󲿷ֹʣµĺڳϣ˽صˣȴ뿪ǡ
˵Ӳġ
⻭棬Ȼ˸ղšǿʱĿѹǳϹΪ֮뵽Լƭǳŭͬʱ׷ȥţƬǿ׽¡
ɾҪ嵽ѿʱȴһӰϷҪ뿪ɲǴ֮
ǬԴʲô
д󾪣һֱûвǬԴĴڣǬԴҲ֮ǿߣȻĵ̣ռʱҲˣղŵƴɱƼأռ˺͡
ҵǬڱˣ޼ҿɹ飬Ҫһˡ
ǬԴǳ˵ɫˣȵӦȥӡ
ȻҪȥҪ㣡
Ϊʲô
Ϊ۸һ㡣
ǬԴЦɫѿˣŭȣǬͷΪ㣡ҵĵϣұƼˣͱ뿪ˡ
˭˵ĵ̣ѾϷˡ
㡭
Ҫȣȳһ֣ȴһŭʧЦˣ˵ԭõǻ֮ƣסңС뿪
ˣǰ㣬ˣһٻʰ㣬ڽ¡
һ
ϱģأȴЦǬԴ֪ռʲôҲ֪Ƕѣǽƽˣһһ룬ƣʱϵһƾʵӱλҲ⣬ӴԺƬĲ񷣬ǹ֮Σ
Ǹ⡣
Ǿô˵ˡ
Һܺ棬½ܱŪô½Ϊʲô
һЦӦС˵ְɣЩ½֣ҵǬԴʵ㣬ҪٵЩʱּƻɹɱϣ÷ôľ
һ𣿡
˵ģ
Ҳ̫СϷˣ½ģģΧĴ½ô½֡ǬԴƲţȻȣȡ½֮
ǬԴҲ̫߿ˣľʲô֧Ҷ֪ôȡ֮ңЩ½Ҳٵòˣ㣬ҲΧ½˲ٶ
ȻΪƻڵġ
⻰ɱâһȴЦ˵Ƿ˳ϣõǶʱ뽫½ôô磿
ǺãҲ˹ƣһƣ
˵꣬ǬԴȳУȫʱ䵹ٶҲһʱ١˳ȥܶСʱ乥㣬ôþôãȻҪѰҾͳȫ㣡
ƴɱ˲ȻǬԴʵһʱ֮仹ֳܷʤ棬ϳ˳ΧתΪ߿ǳ˲ȫˡ
ֲǹɹ֮ͣһߣߴڣ
أľ棬ǻǸˣҲܽģΪҪĲһǳǶţʵһأǲܵˡ
ƿֻܴˡ
ϸ۲гС󣬿ɺһûͷΪЩǳǣһȫʱ߿ǳ־𵴣תЩϵԽöʦ˺ͻԽ
𵴡תڶ
ţ뵽̵ֶЩǳʱ⣬˵ȻҪ𵴣Ҿ𵴵øһЩ


2129 
ֶѡ̳Եǳ˹˥֮Уԣ˿תǳѨϣĿľҪΪ߿ǳѳԭеת
ֻҪϼԼǿʽܸƣ֮ǰϾǳ֮ײ㣬ٴ֡
׼ţɳûȥҵһ൱۵ĵ㣬Ӱ㣬̶ȵӰ쵽Ϊĵǳת
һ֣߿ǳתٶȶȻӿ죬𵴵ľҳ̶һӾӿ棬ǬԴɱѷֵһͳ̶ȱԤƵĻҪӵÿ졣
ԽԽͣΪʲôһأ
˼⣬ȴоͳйأ뵽ǬԴ˵ĳϻ뵽ʲôеɻǷǳŨƻҲӦתŶԣ⡭
˼ûŪ⣬ȴǶǬԴʲôʽʲôĿģûãҾͽ͵ǬԴնɱ͵ɷʴף
˵꣬͵عȥǬԴѹȥΣֹӣǬԴѾˣġʱ䡱Ѿˣûȴʮֹ
ֻӣн䱸ûбֳֻǶǬԴǬԴҵĶԹҪϾˡ
ҲǾţǴľ̾ţ
ƶǬԴԽԽǬԴȴûлңųϣǬԴޱعţͬʱĳϣҲƴ
꣬һǳʼڹذڶԽԽʱпܰڳʱȻӵͣѾȫˣſȲ֣ǬԴɵ˺ûǰˡ
⣬һǰϺһϵĳ˲Ȼ˳ϴʲô⣬ԶֶݣԶԶֳģ˵һڽϵ˶֡ˡ
ϴ˷ΪȷʵΪûȫǺΪһ壬ǢȲߣȥܵķɻԽԽ󣬾δأ⣬߿ǳʧĹ½½һʱǬԴֻΣңתٶȽҲǲС
ΪУ˲˾ŹͣһܷΧʱǬԴնɱʱת䣬ΪϵΣճ̶Ȼ߹ǬԴ
ƻãɱ仯̫ࡣ
ǿǳһΰڶߵ˲䣬׼õġ͵컻աȻʹʱǿűҪȥǳϻƶһ㣬һ㣬ǿǳѹˡ
ﻮãΪһ̣Ӱǿʱǳʱѵıǳû˲ͱѵ޵ĵزüͷһ壬ܵȥһת̸½һصǳ֮ȻҲ̵á
һζڡǿʱֱǳ֮ǰľΪһЩáȻǳ֮ʱϲŷ֣ˣ𵽵ãһЩǷǳ͡
ֻһϢĹǳ˥˥ǳȻӦԲ˳ϵġǿʱ۵ƴһǳʧڲ֮С
ҲЩȣû뵽ȵͬʱ׼һǳ߿ǳǱһ壬ͻȻ֮һţʣµȻתѾ֮ǰǰѶԸˣʩչš͵컻աһǳŪ˹
ϵľȣŭˣǰһУʮְսǬԴնɱɾһ̣Ȼһ飬ӲܿƵطɵһߣļƻա
֮࣬ʣµƣɱȥӻڰգ͵ѪˣѪףѾʧȥնɱǬԴʱҲûлˣǽնɱ
ģһСģȻɳвҵĵز
ţѾ˾ϣһСʱ䡱ǬԴȴȥòȥȽնɱȻƾ̶Ҫϸɾˡ
ǣڽֱǬԴסˣǬԴ˵ûл̾Ҳûдɲߡ˵ţǬԴˡʱ侲ֹ
ֶ룬ڼʱھͺǳһ˲䣬һģֱǳͬʱáǿʱǳһ֣˫Ϸĳȥ
ЩǳȻٵˣеǳ֮Ҳ˺һ֣˵ֻһ֣̺Ҳǳ󣬵ּһλѪơʱ侲ֹʱ߾ȫʣµǳһŪ
߿ǳȫңѾһŶǣΧǳҲٸṩų֮״ֻǰһڣ֪ȴ֪˹
лˣҲŭˣһˣ֪ĳЩ²Ϊԣֹͣ壬ҲûȥֹϣǺԤ׵һתܵǵǬԴȥҪǬԴЮˣóͶ˵ܽ˷Ϊʤ
ǬԴз֮һƴɱѾȽˣۿҪֵסٴ͵컻գ


2130 һŲ
Ӧǳ£ʹ͵컻աԳ˵Ѿǳжԥʩչ˳ȥϵĵĲԼܵ˺һܲܳɹ
ңڳϵƴ֮£͵컻ջɹˣǬԴ˳ߣԱһУȴǺ˺ƴǳ֮ϣǳ𵴲ѣǣܵķɸǿ
ֻĵĲԼжأĹĿôһǳϿǬԴվԷɣʱһѪˣ˼硣
ϡ
ʦû¶ʣµһ󡣡
ǬԴ֪ϵĿģ˼һΣǬԴͷӲ̻Ҫ³ѪǿʱȵȫȥĹ󲻽ǳǰǡ
ΪûЮֶɿϵľƣ¶Ц˵ԭûлģԼ̫ˣȻһ֮ĿǳҵıǣȻˣҾȴ֮ˡ
˵꣬óſƣתӰһϹȥϿ۾һ¡
ģɲڰ·ϣ͸оɢŨϢײǣһײֱӽײһͬʱҲ£פ㲻ǰֱָ˵㣬½еǸ㣡
ڲ֪
޴½Ҳٵģ
һΪ֪ˡ
һţϻٵЩ½Ϊϻٵķʽ֪ģҲûбˣۻ
˵Щʱ򣬳Ѿٵһǳŭȵϣ㲻Ҫң
㣿ô˼˵仰˭һʼƵģ˭ϵɳҪɱң˭ҪռӣҪҪҼֵģ
УһǳҲǷŭˣ˭ؾ˭㲻һҪǵ㰴˵ˣнһõ䵽زԯ֮һֱûжΪʲôΪľǿܹԯ븴ʱȡ֮Ǳˣˣ㻹һһļƻ
˼ҾǸҪɱңһȥ
ޱȱ䣬δ䣬֮ǰǬԴǿǳȻײȥƤһæǳδײǡ
Ȼǳײǳֱӱײһ飬ҲײѺۣϵҲܵ˺ʹǳײĴ൱ĽŶھεس鴤ÿ鴤һΣѪ罦
ɳϸͲܲˣžʹʹǳһνһεײȥͬʱĹҲֹ̲ͣϷ㣬ȫǲҪĹвӿһδйĸо
ɸок£
ȻֻһͷɶӰȴǷǳ˿ʼֹˣʱвȥôǬԴնɱ뿪ˡ
˵ص뷨кµԭ֮⣬Ϊк·ֻҪţǻˣҲΪΪ½ԱߵΪʵȥ½ǸҪˣеĲþͰ׷ˣһжˡ
һҲûԥҪߣﻹȵϣռһϷ磬´Σȡ壬ҲҪˣӾҪ
УжǵϵҪǣһɾʱһ£ȴǳʩչ˱涨ġ
һӾͰƣϳǷЦƾǵ㶫ס𣿡
ûнҲûн㻹ûбҲڽ£ôأôߵõأһӿһͣͬʱϴʱ侲ֹصϺ֣ͣԾٶ󣬵ʱ侲ֹ
һΣ󣬶öԡʱ䡱ʩչģȫֶֹû˷ᣬһǰһշ籩ͬʱ̤о̤һϵеĶסǣҲ벻˵ء
ҲǿǳײȱʧˣҲ̵˽һ룬ȻάһеĴۣǳϵҲڱˡ
˿ˣǰԭ߸ϵ˿ҲǱ֣ҵо̤ȫ̤֮ʱֱӱ̤ڵء
¡
һŽڽŵף
һ̣ھҷͻֹͣ˷ޱȷḻзŭ𾪣衢ʡŵȵ顣
ôܱڽ£ôܣֻһֻϣҪռӣܹɱǧΣΪε˽Ľ֣
ڿ𣬳ϵ˵˵ģͻ
˵ţϼǣ͵죬ȴǱϲȶˣ󣬳Ͻ磬뵽ڿռʮ˿ƣ⣬һѵĴָ֮ȫѹһա
Ŀģ඼ˣûоʹ˰֣˵ҪռϣҾڿռ䣡


2131 ȳһ֣
ڿռ䣬񱻲ʹţʧȥǣʲô㾹ȻҶҲҪкйصģҪ
ˡ
ĮȻĮȻһϤĸоԴʱĮȻʱҲĮȻԴϵģ벻ʮ󣬾ƾȻһת˱ĮȻĿꡣ
ҲΪʶ⣬׻ع񣬲ٿҽУֻһΰѳ֣֮ŽǸƻʵ֣ҳϱ𣬾ϽΪһ
ռ䣬ȡϢҲΪһ

ٴЩˣ֪ɳΪ֣Щˣ֪ʲô˵ҵӡ

ھԵƵزǴЦΪȷʵ̫ЦˣȻͽܣǾѶ
ǵõɻľѨ𣿷ûбٵԺҪǿö࣡
⻰ЦˣһĻĻľжѻ˾κˡ
ֵֻ﷨һĳԼģԣ㲻ҪģҲҪŵġ
ڽǳһ仰ĲиҲһЩʱϽڿռˡ
ڿռ䲻һǿȻǳȴҲǿЩǿĴ½ǳڵڿռҲڻ¡
֮󣬳ֲţֱֻŹۣȻ˵ɣ
ǱһϵΪͿˣȴһ߳ĳռҪңȻһΣһΣ
㶨ȴûзɣҪǣɳΧǣǱߣ߳ȥޱȸӣûԼıϸ˽£תϾһսȴӡ
ֻȭͷȥˣбǮǴǮûֱȥЩ½еĳһɽȥɽУס䡣
ߣҲǣƴ壬ټӴڸоСȶЩ֪Ҫ
ǬԴǰ˵ϣǸҲЧǬԴղŵĻ涼ǳҪûЩ֮䣬˭˭Ӯ˵һ
ʦҲģĶɲ˵ġ
ǬԴ˵ͷЦϣ㲻ɱӦûĿİɣ
½Χ˶ٸ½ֻԼ֪ҪЩÿЩչֳңҪɱҲһôɱ
Щֺ⣬ҪɱֻҪеֶС
ǬԴĻΪȻǬԴֵһ׼ʲô
ǿһҵЩǳǲ
ҲãֻԼܶҲﲻæʵҲ˷ģָұ뿪ǰ½Ҫ˶ã½ͻӿˡ
۾һʦǽ½½İȫͼбˣ£Ͻ½˵ǬԴʦչһ
ǬԴȻӦʣ˵ڣӱˣҲô׵ҵġ
ллʦ
һˣ˵Щ
ǬԴЦ˵ȳϵʵָ֮ǬԴ뿪ˣֱ½ȥ
ĴսȻӵĹעӴüͷһΪ˾ҵƴɱӰ쵽ˣΪûнǶͷ¡
Σȳһ֡
ȵǿƽӿȻ˵ת˲֮Ц˵ǰҳֶⷢһ֣Ҳôţ˵ˣûʱҸǶ治һƵһ϶ǳˡ˵ϣһ֮
˵ԸȥѰټӰʧһ֮վǸǰ˵ò˰ɣ
кηԸ
ǧ꣬ʵ;ʱˣȥ½֪ʲô𣿡
֪ɡ
˵꣬Ѿʧˣ˺½
ӵжϺ֪飬һڵĳϣѾӵǳϷĶˣĶ֣ӱǸǿĴڡ
ϴǿûĳЩǳ֣뵽˵뵽ζҶ½ˣȽ´ˣұȥζŵһص½ˣǸͷ˵ĵطҪȥһˡ
һ֮󣬳СһĥǳתĹһǳܹ֣ǳ֮⣬ٳܡ
ʱҴҹת֮ǰȥ֮УʮǳЩȫں󣬳ϲŸоСȶ˯һֵĳɳ
УҲǶ͵У⣬Ҳõ͵
ֹһ£ٴһǳȳϽǳȫСŮȻ˫ۣ


2132 ԯ֮
սʮǳ꣬СŮͺԤ׵˹һҹǧ滨һкʱоһӰۣվСŮǰ
ˣ
СŮͷüͷһ壬ǰСŮĲһСŮ˳һۣƿ˳ϵɻ˵ֻҵ״̬
ллγȡ
һһİˣ㲻ңҲûȳ˵СŮƽĿʵˣ𣿡
Ȼ֪СŮеġָ˭űͷ˾þδϵ֪СŮˮǰʲôϵ֮ʵЩ֣СŮδᣬԲʡ
κСŮóۿȥ⻬ޱȣȥȴˮ״֮˵ҪˣллչˣӦöá
ˣ
ЩԾСŮһЦѵ㻹ʲô˵
ǣҵ˼ǣӦڻָɡ
ȷʵǣһиĻָ
òҰæ
ˣҲﲻæġ
켴СŮ߳磬֮ǰ˵ǻټġ˵꣬ǰ̤ȥ֮󣬾ʧ޾ǿУеǧʣҲСŮԶȥԳЦΪܹ˽һЩսֻδ֮ˡ
һ仰ϲȥ鿴Ǹˮ壬̽̸оˮĲƽӴ澹һʧ֮У̫׳̫ˣܱ鼰ÿһƴ˺һȻо޾պ󣬲Ųɢһز̽
ĥ󣬳֣ˮдڵһֿռṹСռ佻֯һеǴ½ֽ֮࣬ṹڵǸ½ʧ֮󣬳ֵֺڰĻ棬ڵЩ½Ļ档
һ뵽⣬۾дΪ϶ռйأǱȺ֮յĿռ߼ĴڣǽĶ͸϶١
Ϸ深ޱȵĽṹССæ߷ţˣĿĵɽأҲҪ˳ȥͷ˵Ǹطȥһˡ
Ǵڿռеؾһξʱˮһֿռṹ˳һȥ͵أס˲ӣ¶ȱ顣
ⲿֿռṹһţƿ֮չڳǰģһƬ嫵ǿգⲻص㣬صǳһ۾ͿƬǿգȫǳĲã
ǳǳйϵЩǳǱģǡ
Ϲ˲ȥоǳӿǧ˼һ·ǳоɼڣҲûǳ
һ֮Ҳûͷó뵽һʱľ֮ǰδʲôȴԤʾŲһ㣬Źֶǿʱľˣǳ¸СŮ
ЩһԤУҵǸʱҪˣ
ҲúǸҲҪ˰ɡ
ȶ飬ϸĥǳһרעȥϾʹǳпܡǵȶ״ȭǳʧܺĲࡣ
һ֣ϵûô𾪣ЩССһף켴ѶϢó𾪲ѣСоЩͼżЩħһ
һϸ룬ŵ￴Щȷǰǳгֳħ޼żôֳأ
һûд𰸵⣬ûȥˮǳǳѨ϶ʵţûãϾ͵˿ռеǸؾϽˮ£ǰؾؾ繴˵Ǹ˴̵ڹǡ
ͬǣڹǶԹ˵ǳ֣ܹǳĳ˵̫鷳һȭǬһϾͽؾˡ
һ̤ؾоУʲôںһüͷǸоѾĳЩ²⣬ϲôɺϣ˵ؾ棬װЩ
ʦ˵ĻڳԺ϶ǰȥһ·ϵĶȫϺˣܿ죬ϾվоǸֻǰһôһͳǿ֮˶٣ڴԣߵ
һЩķѪһ׻һЩĴڣʱȳ϶һΪɵزţһȥʱס
ΪǲĶһֻ࣬ǷŴ౶࣡
ԯ֮ģ
ϾȵǿҪǸоϵĺһȻֱϷµĴҲ𶯣Щϲ⻹ӴĶȥϮϣϿ÷ֱЩǱǸΡƢ
ͬʱߵҲˣ˵ߵҲǵ񣬶Ǳˣһ˵Ѫӭع飡
ϸֶԽԽ࣬˵ԯ֮ȹҶεķϣʲô£Ǻú̸򣬱Ҳ


2133 Ͻֹ
ȴûֹܺס˵Ķ˻һҪµļʽ״һЩŭ⣬ȴû֣ϾԯЩĪİֻǼ˱涨ģ˺ȫס˲佫ŪЩࡣ
ʲôıڵҵĶ֡϶˵ǿòʼҡŴҡΣٴβ
һϢӣĵܾʧɾǿûмչʾһ֣ȷʵЩˣϽס࣬κô
ܹٴθ
ҵļƻкܴʸ
ôȷҾҪҵǸˣ
ʳɻǽͷѪ˵ģǾҵ˵ֻдԯϢˣߵܽһѡ
ղǿƿ߽ġ
ûԯϢǰͲһ֮
ԯ֮ĴʮԹҲԯ˵ЩϾԯͬȽ׵ĴڣЩɱУ̫档
Թһĸƣ첻ߵҲĽֻң
ܣ
ŭֶ˼֣ûмƽϣ˭ı˳ǧأȴ䵽Ľ֣ŭֻǵ˵һ˵
ԯǿྐྵȻˣϼˣֶΣӦúֻ֣ҵͷѪһ࣬Ų̫ѣ£һڻ𣿡
ʵ˵Щʱȴһ⣬ԯ֮ľô򵥣ɺȴֱȻس֣˵ʲô˵һжҪ𣿡
ʱԯһŭ𣬡Ʋ
ô죿Ҫļƻ
ҵȻ룬ϧҸȥ
ԯҲһ൱оϣʵǽҪʲôҿһ֮
ģ
˵ȹҺܶΣҪĹͷ۾ЩͲˡ
ǺãֻһҪҪӣ
ã
һӦ£Ц˵Ҳôġ˵ţϱߴΧһУĥһ£һеĲãһอϵͳһľԯôȵȲʵ塣
ʦ²ĿģҪһĿģǱܿǸѣ
ʦ˭
ԯʣϾ֣ĴָϵĻԪָԣԯȣǬڣİָԯȥǰ֮࣬ȫʼСͬʱԯҲ˵Ǹ㣬ֻϧִ̫٣Ҳ֪ܱܹܲǵôһֿܡ
Ŷ˵˵ôһ¶𣿡
ܼ򵥣Ϊһ֡
ԯ˵ҲΪпԯĹϵϧֵ½ܺһоͱˣԯǸʱȴжԯˣԯ֮ˣһֱ׷ɱտʼԯŷ̫ݣۿȥͽ֮أԯòļƻǰˣͷѪո
½ʲôܣ
ԯûشȻû۾ȴоԯض˵Ҫ˵ˣ᲻Ҳһ𣿡
Ҫ㣬ﻹõڣ
Ц˵ǿôѾСһ˴СԯҲص˴֮ϣΪУΪأóһʱԯ˵һ֣

Īˣԯټ˵ȥϴѪ뵽뵽Сڣֲ⣬˵ܣҲ֪
Ȼ֪Ҫǲ֪һ䲻ⲽء
˵½ԱߴܶĴ½ΪʲôЩ½ĴڣȫһѪħ½츳Ѫܣл½Ļܡ
Ͻ֪Ķ˵˳ԯҲһ˼Ļ棬þòͻأԯȵֹΣһҪֹȡ½֮ΪƬģ
˵ϸһ𣿡
ҲԤеĻҪأƺ뿪һǳľԯţҶ˵ˣʲôҲ֪ϸҲû˵ǣֻҪļƻɹҪɱǲܵ飬Ƭ𣡡
⣬ϵһ˿ԯĿţʵϣԯ֪ʲô󣬳Ͼ뵽СڣȻû½һĴڹϵѾȷԺСйأСڵСڵǿʵȵȵȵȡ
һ˼ǣкܶ½Ҹ֪
üͷ˵ԯҲĬˣĬ֮вԯϾʧôˣǣôͿ϶ǳأײ˵֪ȥң
һӵӣԯ˵ڻ鹬𣿡
鹬ǿˣ鹬йϵҩȣ񷣡
ҩȣ
ǵġ
ȥҩȣȥҲܴҩȲһЩ˿


2134 ӣ
̫ش粻˳٣ϲòٴθıг̣ԯս̣ҩȣдʱԯڳϵ𾪲ѡ
ãԯŻع֮󣬶Գ˵ҷֳһЩอ㣬㽫ȫʵһǿ
лˣǱϾԼĶ
֪ڵʲô㵣ֽţһЩȡ֮飬ǣģЩᷢң㽫ҸอȫĻҵһУͽױĶȫȫ㣬ҲٸоϢĴڡ
ʲô˼
Ĳ㽫อҲ󣬾ˣΪһĴڣȻûйϵ
һ룬ô¶ʵҪʲô

ҵɲôҪġ
ҲҪҲ뽫ȡ֮Բԣ
ǵģΪʲôˣ
ԯ˵ش㻹֪ʲôǬڴˣ֪Ӧòѣʦȴûи㣬ĻҲܸˣȻûжôҪģеֻһӡ
ӣ
һ׵ģǷӦ
ȻӦ
޿֣ӦҲ뽫ԯ֮ȫԯܸɴ࣬Ҳݣֱӷֳһอϣ΢ЩԾ켴ԯ˼˵ͷ
ܳɹʱ󣬳Ͼȫԯ˵ǹϢȫʧҳϵһαǿ
αǿڴ֮еСڣٴһۣת˲ֳ˯ȥ
Ͻԯǰʵʶ𣿡
ʶ
ԯҡҡͷǸоƽ΢ΣոУǵ״̬Ҳһ㣬Ǿͻѹˡ
һ㣬ֻ¾͵õȵ֮ˡ
һ䣬ԯЩΪԼ壬ĥˮеǳһ·ϣϸǳһЩӦǳİ취ֻǣΪ˸·ûȥʵ֡
֮󣬳ϵִҩȡ
ûȥʲôʩչΰٱȥϷֱƿϣҩȵλãɲɵģϳֵһ˲䣬ͿһϤӰǸĥ
㡭
ĥ󾪣ָųϾȵҲ˵ȥתӣûֻ֣ǽȥӺĥǰķ򣬶һȺˣĥм˵˵ľ
ʱϳֱ֣ӽĥץ˹ĥ֣˵ģ㻹ãġ˵꣬Ͻĥӽ磬ӵǰĥ
ҩһȵҩʲô
ˣ
ʲôؿģʶõǸٴ뿪ҩȲôǵģ㲻Ļ͡
ŶǸϽѶϢܾȵˣϽǣ
˵ţ̧־ͻһҩȣҩеĽƣڳǾԵʵ֮£ȫôҩժЩҩֱ֮࣬ӱƵֲ
ҩ󾪣һ͸Ķʱһɲƿնȥԥ׷ɲѭȥҩ״Ц׷ϣ
ڵٶȷʵˣǹɲҲǹ죬ȳٶȿϲ٣ҪȥϺп׷ǣˮ⵽Ŀռ䣬ٽõĿܸתִ֮䣬ܶתľôһ飬Ȼв㣬ȴԱ֤ϱܹں棬
⣬ϻӲ棬оʱ䡱Ϣ
ʱ򣬵֪ԯ˵ҪܽѶϢǻô
ʲô취
ִѶϢķʵʹ࣬Ҳ֮ͨܽͨƻˡ
ԯ˵ﵹ˼ƻǾǽǳķʵ֪ѶϢǴȥ𣿡
ӣ
ڡ
ԯԳ˵ȥһ£ôûù֪вС
ģ
ϰѿŪץסţһֱӾ³˾Ѫ켴ѪȼЩĵطðһ̣ȴ԰ס
ʮ󣬿һѪ԰ɫף˵ֻ֪һŵķΧԲǧң
㹻ˡ
˾תǳѨϣ¯ʩչϢͨδ٣ǹɲȴˣţǹɴŵѶϢʧȥĿ꣬ûͷӬһҷײȻ¡
ɳϸץУֻоˡ˼֮ѶϢͱɢˣšˡ׽˼󣬳˵ҷųҲǵ˲ٶ
ͬʱͨ½ȥȴ֪ȥ򣻶еӣ취Ȱ˵һص½ͻƿڷ˵ϡ
һУǷԣΪû꣬ңʼһɻ֮ȥΣУ⣬ҲоǸʱ򣬿Ҫˡ
½棬½½вİ˽룬ǣЩ˲һôˣһ룬ڷǳƫƧĵطȻˡ
Ǹˣûбϣ½ĸòȴޱȵ𾪣


2135 Ϊ
˽һؽԻΪأƾԼ㻯ģҲΪ൱ǹԼѡģһУӵ
½Ҫǣ˿ǰ½ȫˣ½ĸòˣԺϤޱȵ½ͬȥָģдСɢŲͬϢ
˶ЩɽˮûģЩɲľγɣǻ֮ʾЩ˶⣬ǣ½ϵЩˣҲϢ
һҲˣ֮Ϣģǧ֮⣬ÿһٸ棬һ֮Ϣ
Ļʣ˵½ϣ
һеһУǹ˴δ뵽ģҲǳӵ֮⣬˲ҵѶϢ½쳣״ԭԭʵϱ
󣬹˿ʼоֱҪﵽĿģҪΪΪĸ֣Ƴ
оɽˮһʱ򣬿ƫƧɽҰ֮䣬о˵ĻͲò˽Ӵˣأ¶˺ۼˡ
ӵ˴ѶϢӣȴüͷڵ⣬һʱ뵽϶ǳֽţһӾͱЩļҪԵ½ȥˣҪ½ͱҪųǣǸŸϡ
ȴҪǼҪ£
һߣϴԯ˿㵽Ǹ򣬳ɨһһŲ飬ͬһʱ䣬Ƭĳһռš
ѾؼǧأڿٴЦƬ񷣡
һս֮󣬲֮£ͽԴΪ𣡡
ԺԺ˵ҪģҪ̶ˮ룬ǸϷֲ嶫
ҩȴϢǸɾǳϣϲɱĥǰĥնǡ
ߺߣһüƣǱ㽫ƾͼƣ

Щŵʱ򣬳ѾɨƬûκ쳣֣üͷһ壬Ҫ˵ʱգתǳѨϣԿռ⣬̽
Ȼϻû⡰ռ䡱ǣ֮£̽һ⣬ǲѵģȻϺܿ͸оĳһռ䲻Ծ
ӰһվһռǰϸЦݣһǡǬ£Χռ飬ǸڿռеСأƳʵò
Се˼һ𶯣ģֱӱˣЩھһͷͷǣҲǲܣȴɳȵ˭鹬ң
鹬
Ц˵ЩһֳҲϳ˳ϣеԲ˵鹬ѹоȣų˵˭鹬ԩ޳𣬸Ϊλ鹬
Ще飬Ȼûѳϵߣ˵ȷʵûг𣬿ԹǴԹǸղŵĻشǲʶңȻҲͲʶ𣿡
Ǿǲʶ㣬Ҳʶʲô
ҾǰҩȴһѶϢǡ
ҩȡ
һɫһӻ鹬򶨣˵ʲôҩȣ鹬ԹҩȲܴѶϢ
ҩȵѶϢֻ֣ˣ
˻һҲƲסǰһȴ鹬˻ȥ鹬˵ϵ˵ˣҩѾˣӴ֮󣬲ҩһڣ
ϣ
һ˴ŭѿںһЦһᣬҾ͵û
룬ն㡣
ŭ֮˴ɱ鹬ûһȣսɱʱ鹬Ϊ׵һս󣬺Ȼɱϣ
ҵʱܼԡ
Ļֱö˱ʾһȭ鹬ѹսͻٵøɸɾһѵ£Ա֮ܶУϲٱʣѻʩչһ˸ȫѻ꣬ǳϲûеõټϢҲڳϵ֮УȴȻЩɥҪǣ̫
鹬еһϢȴ˳ϵע⣬Ϣ˵֮ǰ֮أ
ϸϸģ׵زһ£ûҵ֮صİϢüԯһԯ˵ط
Ҳ˵Ͷˣ
ЩģԺӰáȥоȴûиоõҪתȥʱͻؿ۸ĥʱ⡣
ҲҪȥǼ£ȥһˣ᲻ʲôջ񡣡
£Ͻ鹬һ˶ӽһƫƧЩ©Ϣ󣬳ǰӣ֪ѣǺһ֮˵Ǽһؼ䣬ҲᱳѳϣȻˣֻҪʲôʲô
ϲÿɷٶȴȥ·֮УϻΪܿһ£ϴһҲϣʱͬգϽ켣һһ㹥ϡ
ͬһ˲䣬긾Ҳڲ㣬ֵȥǣһ棬긾ʶԼǶ֣Ǽ
ʱ긾ͨǼǿķ켣Ϊȵ˭Ҫʲô


2136 ֣
ӣȻɢ⣬Դ󲿷ȴ޴ӿ֪
ڽεϲûڽиоͬϢĥ˵ҲδĥϣĥĻشǿ϶Уڽ
üҲ˵ֱ
ô˵ˣȻܾһ̽ȥ̽ӵûκη֣ţӵĴȥ
Ȼʮ󣬻һҪһԼļǳִţǲϾʹ˰ݣҪȥס˵ˣȥһͻˡ
ҲǲңǣҾãҵķˡ
ˣ
Ժ︡ܶ໭棬ӵģпռؾĵȵȣ˲תǧ󣬼˵ҲԵϷȥңܻʲô֡
ԣ˵öԡ
άţȴٶȣգһϣգ̽ȥǣһңȴû֮ǰҳ鹬һҳռ
ѵˣ
϶Žü˼ȴЩˣԼֱȴƫƫһѪѪһ㣬ҲͬһѪÿһѪ涼̺ǧࡣ
ʱʲôˣֻƴѪѪȾգҪȥοһüëͻһȴⱻѪȾգȻ˱仯
Ҳоһ֮ϲѣǱ仯ȥϼ״ͬʱһȣҪȥ
ˡ
ǲ⣬ûнֱͣ˵㻹жѪ
һЩ
ãѪİգȫȾ飡
鼫Ϊ࣬۳ĽӣɵӦ켴趯ӣѪȾնȥϼſռı仯ղֹҶΪչֵĿռܲԾһȫҡ
ļΪûʱ䣬񣬽Ѫɫյҫ£ɢһɫȴǿʵˣʲô֣
֪𣿡
ӣ
ǲ⣬ȴٽͣϸȥȽһƬѪնĥȫ󣬳ϿѪཻɢȥķ򣬽һץڿմȥ
ڸղŵķ֮УϵõĽ۾ƬռǷģһֱӷ䣬Ǿεķ䣬˻棬ģͨ·ߣҵյǸԴͷ
СŮˮ壬ҪȻϻ겻󹤳̣ݳ·ߣǸԴͷԶʵϣȴźܳһξ룬ԳյٶȣҲʮʱŵ
ԴͷڳģһͱڣͱһϢĺӣͱмһɽ߽ɽû߶ã㿴һӣŽ⣬һģһĽ⣡
ˣ
ͻأ𣬽ţһӰڳǰϿֱ
Ҳҡ
һЦ˳һֱȥΪоɢģͬϢ
ͬʱ˵ǲν㶼Ҫ
˵ˣҲ㣻֮̽ҾڲˣųҲҵļƻ֮ڣռƻӦģȴû뵽ʧһʱ䣬Ȼֳ⣬⣬ҿ̹ģôǵõʲôϢܺң԰ɣ
ֻЦЦһ˵Ҳ٣ֻҪˣûסңҴ󹦸ɣĴڣҲң
ôģ
Ȼ
ʲôģ

ֻ³һ֣ʱ巢仯ͱ仯һȹģǳϣԣո߸ϵʣܳūͣ㶪Ĳʣ
ȥɣ
תҧȥ˫սһ𣬿ϧǶ֣غϣͱֻɵһߣֻ˵ϴˣһΣ㻹ӵ𣿡
㣬㡭
𾪲ѣȻûеõ䣬ȴǱܵغ˳켴񺰵ʼ䣬ҵļ仹ʡ
Ҫ
Ҫ
õ˼֮󣬻ᷢġ
ʼ
󺰴Уüͷֱֻ˵Ǹ֣Բɵ϶⣬ʲô壿ǡ
ĥŵʱֻѾӳһŶŶֱûԺõϲѣأĬٺŭ졣
ȵֻ˵ˣغţҪɱ㣬ɱ㣬㾹Ȼɱͬ壬㡭
ҪȥֻȴѾɱϳֻֻ֣Ѫһ£ȴҪӲӲﾫһȭצײϾȻǱײɿȥ
ϴ󾪣оֻһȻŲھ˵ɻ𣬡ΪûС
ûȳȥֻٴλȵ˵ҪóĵƣҲӲһ


2137 
ֵĺϵɻˣǿУǿֻʦֻ¾ˣӶӲˡ
һȦϽɻˡ֮ϣ
ʱֻβϼǬȻǿ״̬ҲСǣ๥Ľǳϻ˳Զ
ͬʱйǿ꣬Ҫƻϵײϵ磬һоʱȣⲻ
أǲҵģֻҪɱ㣬𣿡ֻ˵һҡٴײ˵ԯĹͷѪЩæҪ׷ɱңҵԯԯٸ½ܣ𣿡
䣡
ٴײ𣬽ķӦѾҿ϶Լ˵ǹֻƲɣҧżײϣﻰﲻϣʵԯļƻ϶ǵòѵģԭֻҪԯǰ׳գ϶ƣôһԯ϶ţҾ𣿡
һ
ԯ㲻ǷǳôҳأɱҰ벻ԯҲộ
˵ģģˡ
ϵ˵һ䣬ŲѵֻһͣͷϵֻԽһֻӬ켴ֵûϵһҾץҲлл㽫ԯҪȻﻹǲԾ
㲻ɹģ
㻹ʲôеĵҶ֪ҵĵƣһ֪֪֪֪𣿹
һ£Ӵģֱ̺ϣ˫һݣûԿǽֱ磬һȥûбڱѣҲʹޱȣóǣûڿ
ĿУϸоˡ桱
𣿲˵ģرڣ绹Զ
һһݣԽ磡
ˣ㻹е𣿡
ֻռϷ磬ϵʹ֮ɫЦøţͬʱһ³켴תȥϼ״亮Ȼʱ֪ǿ֣ҪĽɫʲôǣϸҿ϶䲻Ǻ£϶Ϊһ֪ᷢʲô¡
ԣ񱩣ңô˻ᣬʩչǬʱʮתУֻϳϻ⧲֮£ֻû̵ñϵֵ⣬˲䣬ϳֽӽ
ֻŭѣʵȻǿر죬Ŷ̶һʱ䣬Ȼǿˣܺá˵ţڲͣ³һŵȫ˳ϵ硣
Ȼά֡ǬԻ⣬ǣֿҪܵļޣصѷ죬СΪ֮ԶϿֹţСڵĳ˯ٴαţϾڻûеһ̡
㽫ս磬кأȻӲҵģʵӵ֮죬ҵǺܺ棬Ҫ˵Ļҿһ
۾һ˵ҡôһ¶Ҿ͸㣬ҵʵΪʲôô죡
ð˵
Ҷˣ˵ˣ˵ҵԭֲǲ˵Ҫ˵Ȼͻ˵
˼
ֻ˵Щʱ򣬹һֱûֹ֪ͣΪʲôᷢΪݣཫ˸ɾ޼ҲΪʲôôٵԭôǿȴһ֮֮˵
üȻأ
ȻЩѪꡢϢȵȣһ£һЩԶҲܵĶˣڸ˵ˣ
ֹѾתʮ˿ƣġ桱֮ϢŨ󲿷ڳϣһڿռ
˵ģûȫţŲٻɣ˵ģҲòȫϺܼѵЦһ£˵ʵΪԯอһҡ
ԣԯһอôǿԯ۷ʱ̣ҲסĹƭң
ʲôһû˵أ
˵
ǳʮǳǳ
ǳ
ֻЦһ£ðɣ˵ģڣȥˡ
ԶжԶǸǿʱģ
㲻֪ģԶ֪ʮǳһ˿ᣬϧûʲôǳ
켴糱
ֻĻﵹ뵽Ǹˮ壬뵽ֳĸ̬ǳðһ뷨תǳ󣬽ǳѨϻΪЩܡȵ̬᲻Ч
뵽ʱʮƣȫתҴﵽϳܵļޣΣ֮£Ϲ˲˼Ǹ뷨ʵ
ͬʱҲֹѷ죬ǹɱ֮£񱩺ȥ


2138 ǳʱ
ȽǳѨϻûһͻ˱״
תǳѨϣҲǳܹ壬ʱ۳ʱеɱ߿ǳתȻûв̽ǳܹ룬ȴǸоϵıϵ
ϵóϸ϶뷨ȷ
ųһȭ͵ҫǿգɺƴȻײȻȻǳϺˣֻȴһ룡
ס
ֻЩȣ벻䵽վ֣ʩչôǿĹղϢУŨǳܣѲ㶯ʮǳ
һ²֪𣿡
ǳѨٱ䣬ͻֻ̬֮£ȥУѾһһͷͻ

ֻ󾪣ֻɲһĻϽܺצ˺ϣɽֻδԸܵ˺ˣǰһ㡣
Բ飡
Ͼͷʮ㣬żЩһûйֻһԽԽĸоΪԼ׼Ѿ㹻ˣƾЩնɱѾ´࣬ȴϾȻַ⣡
ƾֵôƴɱѾʶõǳǳͺǳ϶ΪһƵģÿιǻһǳϡ
ġ
ֻ˳Ȼӵвɵ׻ûģȫգΪãӲɳѾҪǿµĵزҪɳϽһƻȥһ̣ﵽСʤΪӮĵزֻģ
ϣҵģ壬粻ҪˣҪģǻ𣡽㳹׵Ļ𣡡
ֻϣҪʩչطõ֮һٽѹӦˣһŨΣϢ˱ǶϸϽӿ칥һнһУͣϢֻǲӲ
ȥУʩչ涨ģʩչʱ侲ֹйҲֻα겻αܴӸϽ
ų׽İ취ǬǿʱȵȶųһȦϻǴǳ⣬ɳϻûһ̬֮ܽȫѹ
ͻأһһ̬УǾ̬֣ʮ֡
ͷһð뵽Ǹħ󣬡ҽǸħȫǳѨ۳ͬħųһֻӣ
ֻҲиɻѾϵɶֵֻС³Ūʲôͬʱӽʩչط
˶ƴʱ䣬ϼ״۾һתͣʩչĺʱ侲ֹȻϽʩչҲȫֻ֮סʱ䣬ǣȴֻ׼طһͣˣѾ㹻ˡ
ܿ죬ϵĴȫǳѨűǿҲɶһƬɱֻ֮ȻһݣҲ˲ýطʩչȫһȣŭ
һ춯صֻȫſģ͵ͬʱֻ̬ڷ仯צ֮ӣϲٵ飬Żζʮһȭ
ʱϺһ·;ʱֻȴһ˲䣬Ӵӣֻʣ֮һй֮ٴαҲǰ֮Χ룬ǳħҲˣҪܵơ
ԥأѪʩչǿʱ㣬ңȵȸԭ򣬳ʩչġǿʱܴǰֻ΢һǿʱڱˡ
Σգʱǿ񱩵֮ײСϣСڻһ飬ʱת͸ŨɱСһţȻֱӽЩ綼ѹƵ֮˽ȥţС߳磬ǰ滹һƵײϣҪóء
ʱСڷˣ
ɱҵɢ
ʮɫâС˵ֻٲܴ棬ҲҲǲȱβ٣ֻҲͨˣ費ǹ֮Щ֮ʧˣ֮ǰӿ񱩡
ֻ˼⣬ԼΪʲôͻȻɢȥʮɫâȥȴȫ͸ֻֻӿһֵϤС
˿̣Сһ죬֮Сּ֮𾪣ͬʱоԼҪץסʲôһϸȥȴôҲ벻
Сڽ֮ڶʼرǿŽɫڵĵطѿˣһĻֻޱȣϵɫ˾
Ǹطܱ֣Ҫȫ
ֻ滨ʧҲ費֮ЩطҲǰ׷ѣֻˣߣСǧһȳĳϣȴûи֮ɫ˵СڣǱѵ𣿡
ұѾˣֻ̰˯˯һ£ңҸоǸʱˡ
ʱˡ
һʱСڵǸʱʲôʱйأĹйصʱ


2139 Ĺ
Сһ˵Ǹʱ뵽֮ǰ͸¶ϢϽ䴩һߣоߣǱϵӦд¼ƾģƾǿģǳ࿹֮
ѷԽԽֻ˹ȥסȻһСһɣֵĲҲǳֵ֣һɾ켴˳
һֱȥƬռŨĺ֮Ϣһҧס֣꽫ҧ˸飬ɼǲܽдޣõԼ䣬ȫΪԼХҶҪ⣬Ѫ˺飡
Хʱĸϣ쳣ȥʱˣ£˵һţûлߣ֣һˣҪǻãǳһ⡣
Щ󣬸Ϣ뿪ˣΪûܲȴϣǵһжӵļ֮УֱϽҪºܴ뵽һӱ˲²⣬˸ٶȥ˵ʵͦǿ
⣬ӿųǣӿΪˬԵΪͻƿʧˣǺ⣬ǵͲᣬУӶԳϵĺޣָһЩⶼţҲ˾籾Ǿ籾֮ˣֻӻûʶ
ǱߵСϷҲܸա
Ҳ£ڵȥ׷СݼʱСݼ̬ͬޱȼ˵Ԫ֣⣬ûӸжø˼
߼ƻƲ½ǱߵľҲԽԽΣѹ֮£¶ģһԣУͲģӲˣ
ǱߣϽ˾ţ£ȫ֪ϵĽ룬ߵĵطųŵѪھ棬ԭ̵ӿʼתˣ󶼻˹Ͻ봫У࿿һˡ
ϵ˲䣬봫һʧˣտҲĴͷҲȥǸͨ
̤ϵǸˣһȳʱѾȫʧˣ˷ŭѵʱﻹ㷲ȻǺӵ𷣣˻ٶȣ͵
õʧϢӣ۾гһߣеĲˬѾѹٽ㣬ӷһˣˬͬʱ˼ȥһƻؾǰʬǣ̽ϢƻؾʱӵĿ˼ǰƻؾǸаʬǵĶ
ߣΧѷ죬ѳһţ͸ϢϱСڣһ̤˽ȥһȥȻСͬʱסֻǵϣɢһɱΧĿռ䶼ɪɪŨ̶ʵ
ֻΪǿĹĹһĹͬһĹǹ̶ģģǰĹתģǻģ͸ģܿĵʲô
Ĺ棬Ķ׼ȷ˵꣬տʼ״̬ֻ࣬Щ궼ѪȾ
һȥĿģ
𡪡
ܲˣһĲҽУÿһĹ棬Ĺ궼ؾСɢޱʥϢЩϢĹϵϣֱѪɫϡ
СڵϢͬһ㣬Щ˿˿⣬ۣ۵Щ꿴뼫Ȳ̺֮ŵޱȵķŭ
Ȼһжı⣬ҲǳңҪ˳ϣ˵ڻֻһûмǹǰΪ˴ѡ
ȻЩǲģеĸײĹһҪ˺ļʽСѹɢǿ갲ԭԭ˵һ飬֮꿴Ŀ˱仯ķŭڣǵķŭף
СڱǿлĹͷųȴǸоĹתͷϣһϵͷ˵һжҡ
ϽһֱоĹΪĹһ󣬿òԾĥ뷨Ȼ󣬳ȥʱС꣬Ҳòͷմߣ߳ʱ󣬿Ĺ仯ʱ󣬳ϳų뷨
󣬲ǷǰЩʲôңǰǹ֮ҲǴЩϴյ֮ںδ
һ޲֮УģŲͬķλ鿴ĹһȥˣϻûջԼ뵽ģˣʲôǳ֮࣬˼ֹȴȫԲϺš
ͬʱطоֻһоǾȣŭܣɱ㣬ϣ㾿һĴڣôӲ
ݺһɫԷɣӲҲƲĹҪǿƵĻǾͽһľϲǰ


2140 ԭ
ΪǱ߽ʲôԣʱϷһߣרطͬʱﻹЩźźûЩõط
Ҫ֪طڵԲҵļƻͳɹˡ
Ҳ֪ûģǴɽۻ̵⣬뷨طҪ߾磬;ȴ뷨
ĹУϻڤ˼ţ㶼ˣûЧγ嶯ҪתŵĹǿдϣô¶ճѹЩ嶯ҪһˣʲôΣգȥһǣﻹгǧ꣬ðա
ʱСɫââϣھɱ䣬ϿɫâԺﲻԾ͸СǸġ桱תĹ̡
͵أϻһݣС˵Сڣ㽫ݻĳҿһ飬תһ㡣
õģ
С϶ÿһ΢Сı仯Ź֮󣬳Ͻʱ󣬷šţŸ֮󣬳Ͻб仯ȫ͸Ȼ߳ʱ
ٴοĹһĹڳͲʲôĹҲ֮࣬ǳһĵ㣬ɺᡢ֮ĵ㣡
СҲУ
ݻ飬Ͽ֣ЩֶԣüͷˣΪҵܹƽ⣬ȴϻһͬĹһ󣬳Լ涨ĵĻ棬ȨɻҽŴӷĹ
һ濴ãСϳϰٸֺһֳ˳ǰֻǣǷ֣
ϣˣ
ϵ״̬շֵıʻдȥϵһĹʱϻǱȽϽţˣֻ¾Ҫȫʧˣ˵۸ࡣ
ңϵĹǰȻ״ĴȴԲҴ⣬˭֪ǲһأ
ʱ󣬿ҪӽβһĹ·ֵһʣеĹ֮ǰķʽתĴɢȥС֣Ĺ£һ𣬳ϽӹŽ磡
һ磬һХһХֱϵ֮һڳϾϲʱͻزɢĹһ쳣Ŀռ䣬ռýǰĹ֣ռ䣬õ֮ĵط
Ŀռ䣬ûñƳ룬ңоñҲһܹ룬ԣ׼յķʽתһֿռԴΪͨȥ
ͬʱѾһ˫Уȫ𾪣ŵغȻƽˣô֪ƽ֮ģǿҶģ
񲨶֮£˲ӣôһѪ˰ġܡ֮οԼ˵ƽĹҲûãǸռɲô׽ģܽȥģ
뵽⣬ȶ
ǿռȷʵý룬뷨ãʵȴһ£ת˺ð죬Ҳתһ㣬Ҫǰٶתȥ治֪²ܽȥСڿҲȥСһߣֱ˽ȥʹţСЩȸԾ˳ʮɫâ֣Ȼһ˿ռ䣡
һռ䣬ϸоģǱ׳
ĴȥһеֻѪɫѪģͺǸʵһ⣬սĺۼ
һƬս
ĿһֻǹʱͫһӷŵΪֻǹˮǰĻ棡
ˮףСŮ塭
ϷֲĹϵˣСǰȥСͻ˵Ҹоǰǹ֮
ǸϹȥ
Сڵָٶȱȥһ͵С˵ĵطǣȴ͵һͣס˲ӣΪȻվһӰ
ӰתϴһǸϣ
ϣô
ұӦ˰ˣţԳ־ȣϵ˵ʵϣǰʬǡ
һתѪǰһ䣬һԨԨףʬǵһ֣иʣϣⶼô¶
ȻȴûлشϣǹСǰ˵ֳ𣿡
СڿϣϵͷСʮɫâ֣ϼ۾һ˿ɻ߶ôʮɫӦǾɫģһΪʲô
Сڸյ֮ʱȷʵǾɫһ֮ɫ
ԭˣôĻ
ֿСڣʮɫĶ¶οЦݣѾǰֺˣãʵ̫ˣõ϶ܹɾֺ
󣬸ֹл˳ϣϽס˵СŮеһУӦġЦøˣƺ˼ת˵֮Դֻܵõռӵʱȡá
֮Դ
УѾ


2141 ϵʹ
ӣһβ㵽ټʱ͸оĪϵȻˡϵһͨڼţӣ֪кܶʣ֪Ҳ࣬𰸶½
üͷ𣬲Ϊûноϵ״̬ЩԾϴ˿̷ǳģǣȴһֱ׳һֽѵζ
һģʵҲǲ㣬ҵʹ
ʲôʹ
ģ
Ϻ׳־ȷԼĲ²⣬ҪԼСڳɳʵΨһķǿɲǰǸܹ֮ͨԴ
켴Ͻֻ˵һ˵һ˼˵Ҿ˵֮ԴΪʲôй©ԭô¶ͨĹͨõ֮ԴǺٵһ֣ȫõңַЩͬ彫ɣôֻ࣬һ
ϵһóϾˣǺٵһ֣ôǿȫĻǾжǿңҲ֪Ȱ˵ˣʱɻʵ㷢ֵֻ꣬û壿

һͷҲʱĲԾ͵ظʣЩ壬ȥˣ
ü˵ǱѪȵȣƳɷ֮࣬ǣ廹һãܹΪһСص壬ʵԽǿģǷؾԽ󣬾Խι̣Ǹɽأһӡ
С
ϵһϵĻóһӾŪЩѪħ½½ȵȣЩ壬ȫΪЩ½壿
ϲȫȷΪʱ򣬲ûио֮Ϣ˵£һ£ܺˡ

ˣӣǶ鴦꣬͸ϽȥɣܾЩԾҲ㲻
ôȥ
£Ͻ˷ɽأȵǰ˵һ飬϶Թ˵ʱͫ͵󵽼£˼˲չôɽصģĪǴϲ׽˿Ȼ̽ȥǷģＤ߹ˣӾûбƾǵʵԲӵĶ֣
һ²⸡ģɢŨɱ޲ȥӵǵƽʱҲ˵ﲻл³ȴѾǳöĶСǳأκ󣬸һХƬռ֮У
֮Ϊ֮Ϊ·֮Ѫѣ֮฽֮ţ
ŸϵĻһ·֮·ӵԨ·Ѫ·ȥȾʬϣѪӺӵԴǱߡ
Ѫ˹Ǹ̨£ʱסȫע׼ʱ֣ɻų̂һţһƻؾʬȥ̨Ȼһ֮УȻڸһЩۺ˱ķΧ
̨ԥһûгֹ֪淢£˻ƻؾԺȥһȹţ
棬ϡԶϢƺѾ֮꣬ˣ
һɺϮСڣС̤֮·ǰȥ߹ĵط֮·ţҲûгֹһ
ϸоСڵޱȣǣڴˣʵǰĪ֪ȥ棬̨ڽĵطһѷ죬̨ѷ췢
Сһ֮·ʧһһһСߵ֮ǰ£Զ򿪣һŨޱȵ֮ԴϢɢֱҪϢСһ̤켴£̶ʧ֮ԴϢҲ©һ˿һ
ϣߺã۷£ҶԼеСڣ
Ͽʧ·ʧ˵һ̣һӰͻð˳ĵط˲ޱȱ䣬̨Ҳڽһ̣ͷ˳ϣ̨ûаΣ˵ϣȻ
ӵˣ
˵Ȼ˲һųöӵˣǲȫȷϾƬ£֪Ļкܶࡣ
̨ûлشʱһʧǴռ̨üëһԥǴռ乥ȥӰһ̨ǰ˵ô
֣˵ǳ˼ϣʵҲǿǣ㲢ҵĶ֣
̨Ц˵һȭ£ϡǬȻȥֱӽ̨˸飬̨ʧˣɳüͷȴΪ̨̫ˣң̨֮ǰ˵Щֱ
ԣػֹĵط
ʱ̨÷Ǹطͻس˲ӺһӰֳڳϵǰȻǻѪ̨
̨Цôһ˼ְɣ


2142 жӲ
ϸҿ϶ղ̨Ϣʧˣе壬ޣһ̨̣ȻôʵվǰҪ˵ȣǼٵģ
Ƿ˵ԡҲ״̬
ŵʱ̨ɱ˹ȫһƴļʽ̨ƴȳҪףϲҴ⣬ʩչһǡǬ
ţ̨ٴαüһʵǿ࣬Ҳʢ˲٣С
ϻоԼЩԾûȥٴδֻ̨ˡ
ɱҵģôԽ࣬þԽ죡
̨ȫһ޿ֵӣȴԸоˣ˵㸴ˣҵˣǿˣҵʵȴˣ
ϧƽⲻˣ
˵ţ̨һɱûֱӳֽնɱǣ̨˼ҲĻᣬֱԱˡ
һϢ䲻ָ̨ɱȥ̨һδεȥһδλȥ֮У̨ʵԽԽǿǿҪʮƵתܹɱĵزҲԽԽǿ󣬸ʱԽԽ̣Ѿﵽȥ˲͸ľء
ȥĻϻΣգΪէһǰƾһ޷ƽĹ־֣ϲɱͻ͹ԱɱԼʵҪǫ̂ǵһ
ǣһãڼ뵽һܹؼ⣬ˣ˵ԱҪļ϶ͻȻˣִ
ǲΪԼ군ˣ̨ͻ군϶Լĸ֮֮ڳһ©
⣬ϻ뵽һ취ǿס̨ˣҲͻ
̨Ҳ֪ԼԣϳֿƵĻᣬ̨ɱԽԽ˷ܣϣڵʵǿ٣
ٴΣҾɱٴΣ
䣬ԼҵġǬ㹻죬ǰ̨˵Ǹ㲻ʲôҪǳɳ֮սֱ
ðҿ㻹ɱҶٴΣ
̨ţȷʵŵıǮ϶̨ϢǴռ䣬⣬Ǭһν̨֮󣬳ʩչĺʱ侲ֹƬռ䡣
Ȼһ˲䣬Ƭռ仹Ǵ˲ʧʱ侲ֹ̨֣ЩЦ˵˵Ķڵôסֹأ
ڵ
һ⣬Ժʦ˵ǸˣǸҲǲڣǬ֮ģӭ̨ĹǬ֮⣿
ţϺȻ뵽һӣǾǶһ֣Ͼͽ֮ǰ뷨Ūˣ̨ôģԴͷ켣չ鶼ڣҪûʲô켣
ҲʵҾͽһЩӲӲܲ޸ȥ
˵꣬ת롰ǬʱգУѾˣոո̨ɫһ£˵ҵӲӲԾ֪ˡ
䣡
һըУ̨ҷ𣬳ϽǴռ䣬̨ȴû֣˴ӵӣ̨ٴλֻѪɫҲЩ԰ףȫȻ֮ǰʱľٱȣ
Ȼ̨ϵˡ
ϼ״ЦȻӲҾֻöҼȭˣ
ôӵܽõڹ֮У
ʵѡ
Ѿһȭȥ̨Ŀ˸һܵĶϧѽȥҪԱҲǱ״ˣ֮£ֻ̨࿹
Ȼʱ̨ѾͦǿģڳתʮƵĹ£ʵرˣǰһƬأϿûе̨Լ˲佫ƬռΧȥ
𶯣Ͼ֪Чˣ̨˵øأټϾʮӺƬռĲų֣ǣ滹˲ҽ
ϣñɣ
仰öˡ
㲻ҪԱ
ϽԱɣ
䣬Ǵռ䴫ϲ²Сڵһܹؼʱ̣£ϸӽСڳ⡣
̨ûԱ룬֮£̨켣ѾҵһͿԱУ̨ţ֮㲻·𣿡
˵ʵڻһĲ£
̹ȥҪ˵٣ϣȻо֮ٵĽŲԽԽ٣֪ʲôʱ򣬳ڴŵ֮٣ԤУ֮ȫʱ䣬ͬʱϻصԼԴͷһ
̨ԽԽˣ΢΢Ĳҽʧ۳ľ׳˲٣ȳЩ½Ҫ׳öࡣ
ɴ˿ɼ̨ȷʵһӲ
ϽСĿռΧ̨һǰţӣҲϷ


2143 
ϳЦݣ˻ɱˣЦݲϣϿŭѣҲЦģֿĵЦĮӵЦ
һʱʱʱͻֳȵȵ飬ҳֵʱ仹ԽԽղţȥһףʧˣԣӵܲˬ
һ˲䣬ͻУس鶯лƲסسŭΪо̨ˣˣ
̨ӵʲôײɾ˶ˣ˵ʲôӺõĺϷԽԽˣҪʧˡ
ŭƽϢ˾Ӳģ
ȻܰҵԸݣǾⳡϷѪȡһ㣡
Ӿ˺Ƥˣжʱ桢¶˱ڵһʱ䱻סûлصùǰɢΣϢˣ˭
죬˵һ仰ˣ
治ôˣرųϵĿƣһĬЩ˵һµ֡
ͬʱסĵطҲΧЩ˸ûأȫǱ¶֮£֣е˸ϵУ塢Ǵȫλãһһؽػ
ʲôʲô
ʵ֣޿ǰĳ֪ڲ⣬һʱһ㣬ʱҲЮֵһ
浽ʱЩ˶ǱųϵģиţֱҪǳϵ֪Լʲô⣬ľٶ
ڴ˿̣ϣԮ֣ͷ䣬ͿҲЮʱֱˣˡ
˶Ԥе˲Ƕ֪˭ģ濴һ۱ЮֵЩˣȻ֣һ˲С
ѵ
˵ĸֵʱоͲ϶ţУ̧ͷԶǸⲽϴһЦݡ
Ȼ㣡ǹøﱻǣı˲˸ͨ͸һһ
һжҲõġ
ӷǳ˵˵ѾܾûַܹΧǰСϷ᲻ȤȴȤ濴ĳԱһϣʵ˭Ļ
Щûлش˵ǻشɣˣѾˣŵˣģҲһأܻ֪Ǳƣѣҿ԰ǽˡ
仰̫¶۾Ӷһ£ܿ˵Ȼ֪Ҳ֪˭㶯ǣͲ¹ӡ
˵ţ͵ס죬ΪӰһǰòżǸò¶˶һԭ˾
¶Ƕǵżеǿƣӵ˵ұģҪǿö࣬ԣʶʱ߲Ϊܣ
ֱ֣õ˼ǸϽ뿪ϺСݼˣȴǳŵţˣѵʱûԹ飬ϣԼٴ飬ǰΣ֡
ȻͻӰһǷӦͱѹ÷飬Ⱥ𼤷ߣҪسȥҪ˺ףǣǵ˫ȴͻ̶Ҳ̤벽ΪǰǸˣȻǷǳϤ֮Ϊ˵ˡ
Ԫ
СݼӺϻ۵ﻹ벻һ£ոǺȻ㣬ǲģǲǣ
ң
ӿСݼǾ㵡ʹࡢŭģЦСݼʵΪʲô
㻹֪ԭҲ͸𣿡
Ϊʲô
СݼѪˣӴǵҸ𣿡
ԪԪ棡
СݼѪֹ棬һУΪ棿Ϊ棬ɱǧˣΪ棬ƭСݼز˵ˣһһǰһѷĩǰʱСݼŽȫȻ󣬽գ˿ͷҶԲǣԲȥˣһ꣬ڣߣǵϽߣ
ߣߵ𣿼ȻʵһĻѾˣǾͶְɣ
ӵ˵֣޺һȣϷ˼䣡ɽҲѪһΡɽҲȫƴɱС
ǣһжûãʵ̫ˣǺ֮֮ѹѾǴֻ֣޷һ£ȴѪɳȥ
ǶǷǳģԣǲ
⻰ʱһУԳϣһѷɻûмͱѹĩȻһ˻Թȥ֪
Ǹռеĳϣ΢΢һŲӿ𣬿ȥ㡢׷һСھʹǸռ˳ϵĵһоСڱúǿСצֺ֮ѵ֮
ռ䣬кôġ
С˵ţȥ


2144 춷ض
С߽󣬱˯ȥڳ˯֮ǰСڵǸһţ
ӿʼռ䵽һУּ󶼱⴦ռǳ򵥣ԣûæȥռ䣬ӰռҪռȫ棬ӡԺ
ĻԽ࣬ӡԺԽ̣ϾܸоƬռǾԶϵϢͬʱһɱ׳϶ооȥԾģ϶ˣݽǱ׳֮С
ˡֻһֱڳ˯֣оϵ䶯˹ʱǻ磬̰
ռ˷ųϺӿΣڳʶȴεģһ̶Ȫݡ
֪˶ʱ䣬ϳغһֱϴӹǱ׳ΪһĸоɳЩǷǳԶʱ͵˵ģô֮󣬲ûһֱڻۣһֱŨȻ˽Ĺģ
Ͽʼ׼ˣȻǺЩ½һɱȥȫڿռ䣬½һǣ⴦ռûһĿܣӿ۹
۾ռĹϵʵ̫Ǣˣ뵽˵Щ˿ȥΪСڵԭ򣬻Ǹղǹɱ׳֮еԭ򣿡
ţԺȻ˻棬ȴѵĻ棬ǵ졢أȫһĳóɻɻ졢ô¶ǣлó൱𾪵һĻ
Уһ죬ŵأõر
춷ض
֮࣬ʸأļֵĻԽԽ࣬ԽԽ𾪣ձӵشĿģЩʹ˶ֹˣһŽһŵǳ׹ػٵòĿһ𣬻ĩ٣
Ⱥǲ׹ʱһצڷڿգʱЩǳס׹֮ƴ󽵣ֻǿȻѡ
һ˲ˣΪʲôŪЩ˴ƾǵı£ϴǳһҲС
٣ǧĶצһЩڣ࣬ɢſֲϢħޣһۿͷֵʯͷһֻ«
ĴڣӿһһĴİ鲻ԽأʸôھһԿأΪʲô
뵽Ǹǿֵʱ֮йϵ𣿡
ٻعһ룬Ϸֻ«˾ͽеЩƣûȳϼͺ«ȥֱĻסˡ
ͬʱϲǲйϵȴǽЩĴڣˡǿʱ棬ÿһĻǵ
ǳףϵر仯ţҲص棬ؽСȵȶֶشԼ
ʧˣ졢زٶǳԹλЩǿĴڣҲʮˣѪȾһأͻһ飬ѹռ֮ǿȴôǿ
ܿ죬Ƭռ䱻ȫʧˣڳǰģ˲䣬뵽ٵһ
ɾʱڿռһ죬ƹʱף֮ˣ
ȻԤϣ֮٣óһ⧲֮Уոʧˣȡ֮Ǽ㣡
д
Ծգϯǻڹƣͬʱ조ҲڳϵڷΧ֮ڣǳ϶Դ֮ٵ̬ȣӭӣȳ֣
ղڿռʱĻ棬ʵ̫ˣ֮ʱҲóϰǴ棬µĵ֮ٲǰ
Ҳǳϵȳ֣һ£һûзӦʮӺ󣬡죬ͻϸоԼ״̬ںˣԼ뷨ȵȶˣܣӰҲʧøɸɾ·ûгֹ
ʱ䡪
һһ֪ʱ䵹ˣһεȫһҪǬǿ״̬Աѡ֮١ʱ
ǣȳϽеƶת͸оԼϰ״ֹ̬ͣˣֹ°ȴȻˣ⣬ɫ˲ñޱȣһ;һʱһʱ䵹ıʹޱܣֱҪ
ȻһαϾʱ䵹ȴǻʵģ°˵زʱϰھֹļȲƽ⣬ĺԶ
Ҫǣĳϣǳٵֶһʱ򣬻жԿʱЧΪһ̣ϵ°ֶһģϰ⴦ռ
ʱ乥أ֮ٲǰΣһһǿûκιɣֱӾ͵˸߷壬Ҫϣ
ϸϽʩչǿʱͬһ˲䣬


2145 棡
֮ٶ˹ȻҲڵһʱóԼĴƣռ䣬Щ𾪹֮󣬳ϵġǿʱȫͬն
ʱ°ġʱ䵹ӽͣͣϰġʱ侲ֹҲɶļ󣻳ϱ߹ţš֮١еʱ䣬ǳͼƻõģҪڵ֮г͸
Ļ㣬ҲһһرתʱڵؿʼϷ𹥻غ񻯳¯Ҫϸ
ҪңȻ㣡
תǳѨϣ֮״̬˫צ˺ȥմȴδѣϼ״ԺﲻԾ͸ֳĻǵĻ棬һ
ǡ˿̣СµǸţһӱը磬ÿһϼ̸оǹ֮ԴϢ⣬һЩڡʱ䡱Ķ
СڵĴУ
ֿʼڶֱըը֮Уǡʱ䡱ʱ֮⣬гͲ²ġռ䡱ȷʵȺ֮յĿռ䣬¶ˡ
йȫ𣬳Ժ︡һ֡
棡
һ²⵽Ŀܾ֮֮һ磬غڿռ䣬ķغʱ䣬
Σ£ϻ鲻Խȥ˼֮١ˣ¯óϸо˾ʹ
ǣ
һȣٴκĻȻϹĲǳȻϻֻǵһãǣС֮ԴҲܽӳһ֣ǺձϺˣ¯©ʱͣ͡
ͬʱϺСȡšʱ䡱򣬼ȡһһ㣬°ġʱ䵹ֹ£ԽԽˡ
ѷ죬һԾצץѷڣȥ¯Ϊҡղϱ仯ƺҪȥѷһƬգɳץȥһ˲䣬ײء
ѣ飬¯٣
һƬػ֮󣬳ϵĴûжĺתΪµ֮ˣǿأͺ̨ƵģȻ֮ġǲһġ
µ¯ٴͬһ˲䣬ڳϵʱ乥Ҳ˱仯Ƿֳϰ°״̬Ƿֳʮλλʱ䵹Ǹλʱ侲ֹеšʱ١Ĺ
͸Ĳ棬类Ҳ෴ʱϣһ㣬Գϵ˺ǰ뵤飬߲ڡƽĻͽԵĻ
ȷʵǻһ棬Ҳźôôǳ̡ܹӿٵʱ䣬⻹иǰᣬܻţ
ˣյóףҲûκ壡
Ƶøˣ棬һĶҳϷ֣ƵΧвϴδĲʲô
ٷһģŲΪ֮϶ޱȴã֮£֮ˣأɫһ˲仹һĲ԰ףһ˲Ѫˣһһ˼ᴥĿģΪǹ״ͺҪըƵģȥļʽֱҪһʧӰ
ԽǼգŨս㣬žʹҪڶγֵظ飬ɾҪ˲䣬סˣ¶˴ѪЦݣƶ٣ɱǿµҲ֡
Ŵˣֱϣδ٣δ֣Ͻɢϣʱ乥ϣΪʱ乥ΣգҪʱҹķΧѾɢʮ飬⡢ģȻϲٶȡ
ʱļֲཫᱻԽԽȻҲԽΣգϲ״ע档
ǰԽԽԶҪٴƽ⣿ȫǰ󣬵пƽ⣬ǣһʱ˵һûѾ군ʵûôǿôǿֱʱ乥Ĺʲô١ˣ˷ȡ
ٴڤ˼뿪뵽͵컻աʱ۾͵һҽһ£ʱ乥ıܸشﵽƽ𣿡
ԺܴҲһĲԣĶͬʱʩչ͵컻աȻһβûгɹ̫ûܻˣ
Ǭ
ϴȣ籬ʮƶһתšǬӴܣٴʩչ͵컻աһΣڳɹ
λã֮ǰıۣУڻƽ㿿Ҳһʱ̣͵ظоǬ࣬¯ٴκѷ졣
Ϊʲô˲ǿôࣿ
ϽĿ˻ϣĽǻҵһֱĻĻңĻң
뵽⣬ٲλܵĲͬͻ뷨ͬʱСµĶУյһʱң


2146 ʱ
ʱң
óңϸϸȥϴΪ̾ʱҽӴĵֹȫںһҪǴң
Īҵ޼Ѱ
ʱеоֹ˸͸һ㵽״ʱֹ޷֢ҩôһ𾪣һ񣬳ȫʱָǧÿһڲͣطֻţ
ڵ״̬Щʱҵǰף
˵۾ĿⶨѾ˺ʱ㹥ֻǲáǬ͵컻աתಿλûҸҡ
һΣյ£СǹţЩ֮Դܳܡҡļޣӣټ֮ǳѨϣлǸζӦԻṩ˲ٱϡ
ҵͬʱҲûзɶԡʱ䡱⣬СܹЩʱ乥ĴȻǼޱȣ̺Ŵ
Ȼ֮ƺͲóϰ廹ϸоѹصѹصĿģﲻˣΪڶ¯Ǳѣȥ֮ǰϱǸ¯״̬һҲڱ
⣬ʶģΧϷˣʶ㣬¯˲ʧˣȡ֮һܸǿ¯üͷǴѹУһô򵥣ĪǸղһʱΧ½ضصˣ
ûȥȴǼӽʱ䣬ǼϢĹǹ֮Ѫ⣬ųǻǳѨϣЩǳѨеǳĳϵ˵ģο״С
ǣص¯һɲ䣬ڲϵػţƲ½أųڶ
ԣһ̣
һ֮ģǳѨϵķˣ֮״̶̬֮Ҫ͸ϵʱ֮ϵĳϣԡʱ䡱ﵽ˺һֵزʱҡҲʩչ
ԥأʩչˡʱҡֻϹĶ󣬲أԼǾͱʱָ򹥻壬磬ڡʱҡ֮£˲ҵһĳ̶ȣ쭳˳ϵĳܼޣȻڽ
ڴʱ˿̣ϺȵǬ
Ϊ׵Ļң˸ǿǬ͵ܣرϺˣҪٴλȭʱǺȻˣһͿ
ţ˵˵ĵֱ籩кɽȫڳһĿϣһ񣬼һ졢ѵأɻкܴһ֣˳ϵ
䣬ӽסĿⶢֱֱоԼЩλͲȻܸо֮䣬ȴ˿ռ䣬еһ㣬еǼ㣬еǸ㡭
ңЩռ仹ǲͬѰ
𣿡
˴ó뵽ˡ뵽֮µĿռ䣬ʱϱʹޱˣռһ룬ʱһϺƱǧţ嵽꣬硣
ϵġǬȻڻңǣһ󲿷ֻѾԣǬܴͬģǿʱҲ
п׵˿һ̵ĳϣȻֳᷢϵ壬ڶؿռ֮У
֮ٵһУȷʵóЩɣɳֻôһ˲ѹȥռ䣬Լ÷ӳǿܡ
ϵһʱ뵽СŮǿˮ壬ˮĿռṹã̽ˮоռṹʱֳ˳
Ŵαǿ֣Ҳǽȣռ䱾飬ʱ飬ȴʱ䡢ռմȾ֮֮ÿռȾΪɷֵػĹܣټϺġֻ
ȾҲֻǺٵһ֣ңǳһϢĹȼŵ𣬾΢ͬʱ˿̵ĳҲΪṩֻڹš
֮⣬СҲҧſռ䣬Сҧռ䣬ȴҧʱ䣬ͬҧĿռҲֻһС֣⣬ؽСҲɱȥһһն
ִɱϣҲǱˮнĽ֮ǵÿԼǣؽҲΪȡһЩʱ䡣
ȡʱ٣ڴ˿ȴޱҪͳ˸Ŀռṹ
ϸоڿʧˣˮеĿռṹȴкܶûз֮ٵĹƣҪȫ͸ȥֽѾˡ
һת뵽ЩǳͼÿһռṹУӦһЩǳſռṹһһչȥЩֿ岿λӦǳѨϣܱܲӣ
ϲ֪ܲܣΪڴ˿ܹ뵽Ψһİ취ϱҪȥԣһ֣ϾȻ֣һ㶫
Ŧܹ͸ռ䡢ʱϵֵŦ
Դˣûз̫ĳ뵽


2147 Ϊ
ȻЩѪⱻռˣӱ˵ǻڳϵģֻҪûȫ𣬱㻹ڳܵ켣֮£ⷽ˵ȷʵΪŦ
ϿУʵϻ治ȷ
ѽȥЩλʱϱоϴĻӦóĶʱˮĿռṹ滮ǲֵǳѨҲ֮Ӧ״̬
ЩͬʱҲûзʱ⣬ʩչʱҡ֮󣬳϶ʱӿˣܾÿΪҲڷı䣬ΪϢͷųȻǬԴǵ֮Ϣƣڳ϶еϢ
ЩϹ滮ĿռṹѾһƬƻȷʵЧĴٶȸ죬ﻹţ֮ٻиĹ𣿡
ʸһҲջƲ˲õϢЩϢ˵ꡢģҲ˵ϵģн򡢷ģڹ̫еģ似ģйغʱģᵽͿռһġ
ֻǣƲûѼȫϵõĹϢǳ٣ôһ㣬Դ˿̵ĳ˵ѩ̿˳ϲٰ
ռˡ
ϢϴʱüΪ͸˿ٿ˼ȥȴһĸоȫ֮УҲǸֻȻһµĸо
ԳҲа϶ʱ⣬ȫ棬ռṹչǵӦ֣ԽԽıȥѪ⣬һַʽع鵽ϵ壡
õķУʱ¡£Щռ֮ܺǿʢ˲٣Ϲ滮õĿռṹҲ˺Ѽȴһ㶼ţֱԵռ֮ƣд󲿷ʱԭҽʱȥֻʣ¿ռ䣬ҲΪ壡
£Լʱĸ⣬ʱ๥ʱڿռʱ䣬ϲѹȥЩʱĲλҲָΧľҲڻԭ
ʱ䱻ѹƣռܾ֮Ȼں¡ǣϵĴȴת˲٣ʧʱ䣬ϲµĿռṹĴɢȥŦܵһ𣬲ٱָǽϵ켣ƻ
ȳϽռṹȫ꣬ǳѨҲǧ̬󣬳ϸоԼ̲һƬǿƵģڵ֮٣Ϣˡ
ϵӻûлصʼ״̬
ٴγڳǰʱüͷݸղŵ¯Ǿٴڵģɴ˿̣ôʵسҰУ϶⣡
Ӽתʱ䣬϶ʱԭҷĿռ䣬һʱϵĿռ䣬ʱĿռ䣡
Ϊʱ䣬ǰǾĥģ֮УϵĿѾﵽһԤڣռ䷽Ҳ˺ܴ
Ȼϴ˿̵Ϊ֮һ֮
֮پˣʱ䡢ռ䣬һ֮ٽʲôĿռ𣿡ϷףǴ˿ռӦû۷״̬ģڶ֮֮еʱܴһ˿ռ䣬ʲô𣿡
ϲö֪Ҳټȥ񱼶ȥųϾãƾڵʵͨ͵ûҪ죬ԣûнҲͷֲˣЩĴѾʧȥϵ
ͬʱǺòװҪطôɵӾһѪɫޱȵز԰ףΪоմӡĿռ䣬ʧˡ
ϽǸռˣ
Ƿ׵촽˵ŵط߶ţܣôܷ£ȷʵлңЩܿԼȶѾˣǾͲȥ׷Ϊʲôʱ򣬶ǽô죡
һ˼ٵȵȵģڿһ̶ܵˣȻھȥЩڼﲻȵҪҲѹӱˣһŲܹ֮һƴӮҲܴҪٵȥٳ⣬˵ҾƴĻᶼûˡ
뵽Ͱźõĵط
һߣǬڽǬڵӣ˲ͬĵط½ȥҲÿһ˶ô˳м·⣬оȻڵһ·
⼸·һͬ㣬ǾĳЩصĴ½ԶȻǲ֪Լ˺εأͬ·ľҲˣԣҲֻͣİĴ½½ȴǵע⣬ر˾ͽע⣬뵽˾硣
֮أϰõطһ̶ȣ߳׳أϢǿߵ֮أȴһ½ȥϧһȴôýˡ
ĳһζ˹ϻû˿ΪϢʵȴѾһǳǿĵز֮
ζ긾Ů긾Ůȴ˵֪кܶʣҳȥһˣͻˡ˵꣬ǰȥ
ʱΪ֮Զӣ


2148 ɱ
ԽȴһԽԽŨҵĲУóϴΪԾĪǵǳ⣿һ㿪ȥһϴ󾪣㲻
зǳǿĶĲΣ켣첻ȥʱϻɱй֮ռһһķ籩
ѾΪǸʹ˭β㣿Ǹϳ֮ǰĲãǰûü˵ǣţԼҪƳϵΣȫû⡣
ڣȻ㲻ǲǳʲô
ٶȸ죬ȫ˷籩ģԽԽķ籩ǰʱ籩͵ڵƫƧСϣϻɢȥ籩
ʲôˣĽ㲻𣿡
ң
СӣôĿΪ˭˵ܼܼģ
˿еġóüͷ𣬳ʮֽйЩСɫϻɻûȳϳ֣˵ɱ˹
һ֣ظо治Ծɱ·ʱͻӳһӣըϢܣ˲Ϯϣûܵκһ˺üͷøʱһҳ鴤ԱЩѪҺʱۻޱȵȴһ󲨶
ǲ֮УϷԼʴˡ
רĹ
ͷ֣ȴǧˣһǼϵģǵƫƧСʱɥ֮ĳԱǿϣЦ˵ϣˣƽ£죬Ϸؽ˺飡
˿ɱҵˣ»߱նɱˣ
˵ţһҪΧɱȻ뵽ܹʴĶҲһɣرѰ˵ĻɲܴˣаǺǻһ֡
ôһ룬ϲɱǣֻǶ˵ְɣҾǲ֣Ҳ֮صġףڵһȦרŷɱġ
˾ˣ˵󻰣ȥɣ
һſŵڿܼ£׷ױֱ֮ЩɱҲ˵һ˵ĺ󳾣屬ѪȾڳϣʴٶȣӿ˲١
ٴη仯Ҳһ𶯣ΧһˣȳϽ֮߱ҲûҵһõĶǻŵˣ֮࣬ըˡ
һˣ
˿̣ϱϿŻƽǣѾǷŭ˼£һתֲ˵Сݼģ֣޵ģ˼ȵȵȵȡ
ǳϰ˶һ飬Ǻ
ʱﻹô¶ôֱʵģŪʴģ⣬˭ټϣ֮ǰ˵ЩиϸоĲԾ
ϸҿ϶һУǰǰΪ
ȷݣһӾץסҵߣǣҵߣۣߣִ֮ŵڣΪǶһεסҵĲ𣿡
ϥ£һβ޾һһŹ켣ײǸε棬ʱҴҶתۼȥϻײţ֪ƣ롣
ͬһ˲䣬ѵ½ӣҲأԭ½½ϵĲ֣˵ʱûкõİ취Ƴʱӵͺܲˬǣûбֳֻù˼취һҪھʱƽ
ʱȻˬŵƣ뵽ԼЩˣʮ㣬óûͷӬͷ
ǸΣӵĸ㣬ΪӴõģϣж㶼ƲΣ㲻ںδңﻹҸµľϲЩܵشɣ
ڣӸоڶӿһɲ̤ʵĸожۺ񣬺ͣЪײ죬Ͳƣʣ𣿡
ڵģȫ෴ģкܶ࣬ȻҲЩƣ룬ƣ벻ģȥˣϵĹûмǿˣΪϵˡ
죬ӿѾ˳ܵļޣ
죬Ѫǲ赲ϣһѷ죡
òȫһѷѾ㹻ˣ켣ѷн룬ͬ裬ӸоһУϳ˷ŭ飬Ȼ˴ϣѵȴ˻Ҫۻ룿Ҫ
ת˲䣬ǿԼָƽ㹥ߣ㻹ҵУ
ңеЩɲڷãֻҪ㻹ûǾͻһֱã
Ӻ޺ְ꣬²֣ȫֿƣͬʱˣ뾡һа취Ƴ½еĸ֣
ͬʱһһ˵½


2149 䲻
ûϣϲȻǵӦ֣󣬳ϱ֪ȻУǣڻûΣ֮ࡣ
ڴˣ˲ô¶ֻҪû߻ûмǶ⵽֣ˣҲûаɣʼղգҪ㽫Ǿȳ
ǵңҺܿͻ
÷ĵ˵ûж˼½ȥ½ʦҲ½½ɴҪսҿ𣿡
ͻأԺָӰһСŮ˵ǻµľƣ϶½ˡ
һӰȻӱĴڣӱĴڣʲôʱȥ½ȥ
ӱĴǳϷǳŽģʦ˵ڶȹ֮ٵʵҲһĶ֣Ǹڣ˰֣Ǿǹֶˡ
ʦ˵Ǹºܶ궼ûйһ˿˿أһ㣬ֶƣǲֶΣ½Ϊǿʱľ˵طôǿΡĪǣҲǸʱģ
һ²⣬óôһۣҲ֪ǶǴ˼󣬳Ͻע˻ʴĶ棬˵ҲоƵĶûⷽ⣬ȻѾȶˣҪǲ˼
⣬ϱͬʱѶš󡢹ߵȵӵЩӣǳƬлеȫۼһ
ҲɨŲµ
󣬳뵽ζϴüĿˣΪͻ·жˣûζϢϲζ֣֮ˣٴβ㿪ȥ
ǹϣȻڣӵǸϣȴѷһԣûнκμɣײȥ
ζյһδȵ˭ΪŴ̽
ζ˭
ζʲôˣ
ζҵŮˣ
ķʽԻʱûֹͣϵǰ֮£ǿ׳٣Ȼֻôһʱ䣬Ѿײɶ
ǳϣ
£
ǰζ֮к£ҲҲܣǣӽԺ㲻ҪҲ˵㣬޹ϸ𣡡
ƾʲô˾
ã䲻
֮ĶԻζ֪ǣȴиӦƵģֱֱضߣɻ˵һ¡
ӵϵˣԲһˣζˣôһǿ߳Ϲϵ˰칦򣬳뵽͸ζ̣
˾ͽõǸ«㷢˷츲صı仯ζҲǰϾ˵ζ˴Ǹ̴ģ
׼˵㣬ȻͣǱ߸·ҲѾֵͣųϵĹǳϵĶ֣һʱ֮Ͼͱü԰ףǻѪԱߵζ֪ʲôоԼйء
ʱ˵ãһ֮иɱ֮ڰп̽ǣ
Ϊʲôɱ
Ϊ
³־˻ȥתѵҪȥ𣿡ζɻȴҲ˵ʱͨṆ̀ζǴڵȴûмһͬתǸϣ赲ϡ
ף
һף켣оһϤϢϾףǹϢζǣϲ͹ζ
оȶжʱȻãͶ֮£ҿô
˵ϲٹˣϰǳûУϲٿ񹥣ȴֱӴζ֣켣ӹȥݳζһЩ켣յʱٲ֮µĻ棬͵͵ܳɵľһˮ齻ڡ
տʼõЩϢʱζ÷ǳ֣ɵһľȥζʱ׹鲻Խѿ˵ϣ
üҪζ˵ζȴֱ˳ٰʵҽһ㣬˵ʵ׷ʲô£
ζһΣŴʱһٹƣ켣ӽ㿪ȥϾ֪ζڵλãã̫Զ
ԥأȥ
ߣҲζľ˵˳ζ˲ѣ˵ܾ֮࣬ζһ毺õգñ䣬֮ʵΪʲô
䲻㣡
ŮˣǰǣǣԺҲǣһֱǣû˭ֹܹңҺͳϵ£θɣ
ãȻйأ
ΪṆ̀ҿԲҪҲҪã
ѵЩӡ
Ůˣ
˵ţζȽܷ˳ҪƳ̣ʱ˺ѿռ䣬ζǰ״ɱУնϣ


2150 Ѫͳͼ
ɱйȻϬ֮֮ɫߵĿռסǴߴڽƺУ˳ϡ
ϲ㣬һӲɫ䣬ζֱҪ˹Ҫվһ𲢼ԣҪסȴǴ˵ζң
ζԳǾԵΣֹͣ˶ۺؿųϣΪ˲۳ϣ뿪ߣôȥеŨĵز
ȴɫ䣬ʵֻ֮ͣһֻ֮֮࣬һ֮࣬ѾţͲ̤ȥˣΪˣԼĹǳģ㲻ܽϻˣҲܸһѿ
ϵãѿȴԼ
޿ֵмзŭٿζзŭʢһ䣬ҵġ
켴ϢʼˣֻɲǼ䣬˵ʥ̧֮ͷϲɫһݣϢһδ󽵣ʿ֮һתۣϢûˣһƽˡ
ǣ˿̵ȴǱƽȴӿȵĴ󺣡
ͬʱųϣ˵ҪȥһһٷѪģԶãҿԸĺô
һУǻչζ֮һõ𣿡
˵ţΣ֮Ϣһӿɫٴδ䣬ǿʢѹ֮£оЩѣϼ˵ζҵŮˣҵİˣҵӣãûʸǲټ棬⣬ǸôܸʲôĺôǳԴʯԴʯԴ
ÿ˵һϾӳһѣЩŸʱԴĲϣӿʼˣϻţֻ֮ܣǶȹߴѵķԶԶܣ
Դˣ޷ش
ջؼҵζᶨ˵Ǹ񷣬Ҳֹζ
ζЦˣЦУ۾ʪ
粻ɫϣͻظŨŨɫ˵֮ǿΪҵʵֻΪ𣿡
⻰Цˣ˲ŭţٴιϣǹ֮⣬šʱ䡱
Ĺӿ߷ʱϳˣԶȹ֮ٺġǬƵйǣʩչȴǡǿʱһǽǸռʱĻȫڽȥġǿʱ
ڡǿʱɢһ˲䣬ĹϢʧʢŭŵҲڵ㣬ʱ乥ûӰ٣
˹뵽֣ǿƣ
ҪǿƵ̬ȸζ˭ƻǿʱǰʱֹͣɢ
Ǿδ˵ʵҸúģζеүүǶͬҺζ£һʲôڣ㻹ʲô˵
ҾԲ
üͷȴһζߣζ棬Ҫζߣʱʵǿ㻹䲻õѪͳ߹Ѫͳõͼǧ򱶣
Ѫͳ˵Ѫ𣿡
ʵһѪ˵Ѫóԡ
ȡ裡
ԳϾٶ˵漴ɳһѪײȥ뷨ϵǵѪ϶ǲǱѣ
ȻܿͿѪͣϵѪѪѪϵõ˾ηĸо
𾪣Ըˡ
ּѪγһӣ˵ΣһжģΣ֮ʣӡ
˵꣬ϴζԶȥˣԭ㶵ţܣܷµģѪͳôܱҵĻҪ߹󣬲Ǹ߹󣬶ǡ
ҲʵĴݣζųϣӣѪô֪ǰǾѪֱӰЩ˸ˡ
Ц˵ɵζôõ£˵ǰѪҲûôⶼһһġ


ϵѪǳҵʦԭ򣬻иֽ٣֮ٵԭ򣬶֮٣ǳĿǰıϣζţѪѪ˵һֱ˵ողŶȹĵ֮٣ζͷʾףֿյΪұˣ԰ﵽ㣬û뵽û׷ĽŲ
ǵĽŲһ𣬺׷һ˵Ͻζӵýζۣӣζá
Ҳǡ
ĿԣмҵĻײ


2151 ֮
ϴζ½ϻȥʱȻһˣȴǻǸİĴ½½֣ΪĹ򡢷򣬰򣬶Щ˵÷ǳСЩ˶кܴߡ
Ŵˣ½ΪʱǵĴֹ̫ۣһ濴½˵ҲһĥĴûᣬȻĲ֮磬ܿˣĽ䣬˾ͽεȵȣܶǿ
أȻַ½ʧЩ˵ʵҲ½Եľ򡢷֮࣬ǵ˺̶ˡ
״˺һ֣ȴûеóۣǵƣȴתռһọ̃ҵŵȻóţ֮оҶųڵ״رȻܿеĵ֮ɫʹûеһһ
ֻǣŷǳӣоܾҲûʲôջ˾ͽŴΣҲûеóʲôۣȻĲ֮绹ŵһ㷴Ӧ
Ȼ˾ƣûռã½ƾ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣻ҪǸƻĵһվǡòõģȻе½һͷִ½Ĳ̫ԶԶԶûдﵽԤڣر½֣ǲǽ̻ȥҲǿ˶١
ǰ˼ƻҲģΪʲô
˼ʱ򣬹ȻǵϢ͵УһӦǻңΪйӴΪҲ½ڵԲǳϵĶ֣ԴŴҡ
ȵ˽֮ûгʱ˼ֻҪЩȫץԸϣͬʱΪ½ı仯ҲȻǵµġ
£Ըȥ½ˣ
عӿȻǵ̺ܿʧأžǱ׷ɱһ˲ʱʱ̶̿ڴڱ׷ɱ֮УҪЭӵжֶΣټδ£ͱˡ
ȥȻǻûڸоʧԽԽ£̲סԳ֣żԼˣƾһʱ乥ҲǷá
Ȼ˾һδΣ
ͬʱϻζ˷ֿ֮ľȻҲȻ˵Ȼʱ򣬳ϻǰζȭͷвġ
ζȻĹºޱ飬ϼ״иˣǻǿʱľ˶Ҫţζ˵ӦҵģûԣҪҪܴӮң¾ͷһҪӮĻߺߡ
еĳζ仰㵭ˣ뵽ζΪʲô˵ϧ§ζζѳƣ˵ңǻûоأ
Цкַܶʽģǻһ־ʽ确ԡʽͺܺã
ӣʲôʱ컬ˣ
ϴοңһҪ㣬Ӯ㣡
˵ţϼռ籩Ʋϣ˫Եӡȥζʼзôˣܿ죬ζ͵ֵסˣζȴûоʹЭ˵ӣҿɲһ䣡
ԣ
εײһεĿײײĻ𻨼Ҷˣݱһ
֮󣬡ԡ֮ڷֳʤζ㺹죬ɳϻǾٱǼʽ١ԡǧٻض⣡
ӣһˣ
ǰҾһͷβʮˣ
Ǳˡ

һ͸ȤĻ֮ٴθ·;ζ˵ӣһǵȻСںδȥһƣңҲþûܿˡ
֮Ҳӣ
ٷϻ˱˻ԣ
תտʼϻЦݣΪȻʵҲͦǿңϲ²Ȼƻ;һ·ټǬڵĺ·Ͼǵİȫʲô⣬˵Ѿ½ϡ
Ȼһ֮󣬳Цʧֱأٺ۾Ѿ¶ɱ⣬ϽζŽſռṹ;ȥ
ͬʱȻǵĴѾ˷ǳΣյĵزһʱ乥Ǵ빥ȣ˷ϵ¶˰Χˣ޿ӣ
˵ֻһ·ԻĻ㡭
ϲ·
˾ͽ˵ֺµ鶼ûУ볣Ǹȵֺξ壿꣬һ˻سɱȥ
ȻܿûгɱȻò֮ŴţϣзӦ֪϶뻹ţ⣬ҲΪЩҳһ·
ɾʱĹȻϣܿȻͬʱ³ѪвѪڴϣȻתԼڿռ䣬֮ٴš
أ
Ȼ״ϲͬʱп񱼵ĳϣеǸšҲ΢΢һüһ˼óšͶȥ
ͬһ˲䣬ȻߵĴţظоԾȵǸ졭˵ţһȣٶȺȥ
ٶȺҲۿת˲ܿʦˣɣ˹


2152 飬ж
ۣ
ܿʦѪˣͲϵݣ˥ƴһٶһȻ䵽ĵزܿʦֳȴЦݣȴ𾪣𾪳Ϊʲô˴½֮ûܵɣһֲܵķɣ
ֻһȴر
һ֮ǰڴŴͳ֮ǰѴŻȥɱδѿ״̬һ֮ѾˣΪѾˡ
ǿѹסлæǿסնɱһܿʦ𣬽߾ȫţ̺šʱ䡱ĹҪڴʱӰӴ˳
ԥϼһȭͬʱʩչʱҡʱ˼ʱ乥ȫӴ߳ǳϣлʱ˿־壬־ԴͷڳǸռ䣬ϻԸǸռ䣬֮ܽĳϣҪԸǸСơ
ˣһӦӣסɽӵ˲䣬ЩƵˣȫˣըܲǹϣǹܿʦ𣬹ˡ
ϽΣҲ֪ϵĴԭţնɱԼһȾİˡֵܵȵȣжĶˣٶȣܿʦо˾£ûһ½𵴱ϸϽ
½Ϊۣ˳һ£ʩչطѪѭȥ
ȷʵǳ뽫£Ҫ̫ΣˣؽСȵȲɱ֮еĻŽܽ
Ȼܿϧǳûȥ̫࣬еǻһΣûôõˡ
Ȼܿ˿ͻس֣Ƿݸ˾Բ˵أЦʧˣΪҶԽԽء
أΪ½ԭ½ȻЩأǾûǸռǿʼϵȵȶڽеһʱ򣬳Ϸ⣬ų֮̽󣬳ϸожڸ½һࡣ
⻹ʲôóֵǣԷһֺϤĸоһûлĸоϲʵԷ˭
˰Ҳ޽ȴǾԷ½ʵҲӶ٣Էһ飬ʱ棬Ҳһڡ
ȻˣϾ;ףԷʣµĴ½ٴ͸ԷԼͳһЩԵʣҲûиŲ̽ȥĻûڣΪǾϲ⣬ˣøɴһ㡣
󣬳ϴ뿪пٳһ֮ٽ˰ϸܿʦˣʱûкõķֻǰһЩ켣ֵסǹɷɣţ˫˵һ·飬Ͻעϣ˵֪Ĵ½׻жٸҪзҵЩ½ͺˡ
ŵʱζܿȻҲһŮһ̨ϷҲ⣬ֻǵϷǢζ˵Ļˣˣ廹һ

ٴ̣½ζǿеҲ½֮⣬ȴö룡
ͬһʱ䣬½ϵĳһۣ˾ҵı仯ڵǿ࣬ȴ˵ֻ֪۵ľҲ˲˵⣬һǹˡ
ǱȥоôʱȻûкõܹƳ½иֵİ취ѾȲˣ˻޲ߵĻشʱ˵Ȼܸı䣬ΪãǾƻɣеĲԾĶȫĸ֣
ӵĻЩ飬ȴֻӦַԸȻһڷű仯жʹһʼɣ⣬еĹڳϺֻӵĵ񣬶Ҫȥһ
ٴγ֣ϣЩˣ֪ʲôܣȥһ³ǣӵĴơ
˿壬Ŷӻǣ棬СݼһȴǸޱȣΪһ½ĪظоУ⣬ʵԵ޹ʵһأҪǣǷԼκʱŨ
Щ仯Сݼ÷ǳأӴ󲿷־Ҳûзϣԣʱ֪˿̵ӣüͷţƷչ̫ˣΪսҿ½ɴҪǧ꣬ϵãʮĹߵһ
֮Ǹϣֲϵ
Ӻ޺ţľ籾ڽҿɴ֮ǰӦѾҲ̤꣬㹻ʵڴ˵İ£õջ񣻿ڣ籾ڼѾǰƵʵҲûĻ
ȻڶûнǾһɣʱҲֱӸԼžڵľƿƷռȴޱȷĻر֪˻ʱ
ʱνġжѾʼǱҲػ½½ǬԴһǬڵҲˡ


2153 
ǬڵӵʵǬԴ˵½ʵǿߣǣȫ涯ֵʱǬڵЩȴǲˣϾһǬڵû½ӵЩҲͦǿ֮٣֮Ҳʮλ
ǬԴ֮ǿߣҲסˣסǬԴģˣֻޣһһһֻ޵ʵǬԴһֻܽǬԴסѲ
ǬԴһ㶼еȣӱôһڣأҪѣǬԴΪЩֳʵӵȫӻ˺֡
һ¶ʵϣǬԴѾΪ˾ƶˣ½ҪԣԶӵͼóѣǲ롣
ˣǬԴһǬڵӶǳƴ
ӵõǬԴǱסϢΪжɹԶˣΪΪ棬΢һЩ谭õģǬڣ
Ǭڱ½ȻΪΪûʲôܵס
տʼȷʵһ߾ߵĵ񱻻ˣһںķѴ֮ҲˣʱӵġжѾΪ½Ͻӽ˵ޣ÷֪ȥ֮࣬ϵǣԷ֯˾
ǻϵҪÿһҪÿһۣ½һһľǳϵ˵Ǿ仰½ǵļң
ңַַߣҪףѪɽ
Դӳϲ󣬸ı½ĸ֮½ϵԭסȵΪڿӣ֮Ϣ̥ǣʱж̣ǻûǿ׳Щƾеĵز
ǣʤ˶࣬ʤʱ˺ͣرЩ֮ˣܴƾŶԳϵ֮еõǿʢսж˺ܴƻ
УǴŵѵ£ܽҩ뷨ΪһĹصǬķңнжСİΤ룬дʵۡ
йˣⳡս
ƴɱģ࣬ħޣޱȵľԳǺΪΪԣȻѾ
ڶħ޵Ľָӵġж˼
⣬ǾԵɽˮ½ϲûôԵȻ֮ҪȻѰҲôˣΪϲ¡֮лȻ֮ӵضˣЩȻ֮Ǳ߷ĳЩȻ֮Ķˡĸ֮࣬ԣ˭ȥߣǱܾӦػס󡱣
½˳׵ķЩʼϲȻжڼǰÿݻһÿƻһۣҪĴۣӼΪˬǣȾƻǴۣȻûбݻ٣Ӳˬǣƻôദۣ½ĸֻûб
ŭ֮£ֻҪҷģɱۣɱ½ˣҲϧ
½ϵ˲٣УȴһȺϣɱˣ֮Щ˻㲻ʲôֻ½ϵ˵ȫǵļңе˶ǵļˣˣֵܽãһֵܣеĳ޾ҪŨʮ֣ǸĻ棬ԽԽ
ս˳ɳһַʽԽǲпԽܶˣ֮ԽԽ̶࣬һʱڣʹﵽ˿ֲ֮⣬ǵʵʱʱ̶̿ڱǿøǿ
ʵǿˣ֮ˣŨˣǿˣ
ĳһ죬˾ۼһĵǰǵʱǱ˵ĵ񣬾ȻԶȫۣ֮
һ漣ķ˾ϲѣǶԣǲһǵڣۣע˱ʤƴɱø׸ˣ
һĵ֮۵ʱԭǱƻۣҲ޸Ϊ֮еûȫɢ
һڣǳԼûԤϵģ
Ͳǹ̶ĳһһɲ䣬ǳڸսϣһսһߵ񣬶ߵֻҪе˶⣬ǾͲɢ
Ϊ
ԽԽĵ˻ңǸоԼһԶβ̶ۺԶҲٲ꣬ǵԽԽ࣬ʴӡ
ɫѾ仯áѿˣٴͶһҪ쵶ն飬һ鷳ͬʱӻҪҪóһϷ
һߣСݼиϲΪǱҳɷĩĵǵ֮£ʼˣȻûЩ۵ÿ죬һ˵ȴһϣ
½սɫѿʱѾһ½ȴǸӿֻˣΪ½֮ǰǴ½һҲǼΪ˥õĶԤϵٺܶܶ࣬µ֣ʵҲô
˼½һȽϣ²⣬Ĳó⣬ʲôһЩڸˣͺ˺ܶӣҪջʱһʵȴ˽ȵˡ
ֱѪһ½һ½ȥ
ʱ½Ϊ֮Զ


2154 غ«
ſռṹգٶȱͷǳ죬½ԽϾһǿҵ𶯸Уǣϲ㿪ȥͬģ½ǲ㣬һˣۺ֮󣬳Ͽ϶½¡
ǣٴμ٣ֻһĸ·ǸˮҲȥоˣˮֻʣһСûĥ꣬оĿռṹԳϰܴ
½ǰɳȴһ⣺½
һͨǬڵͨһȴûͨѭϵһʱ뵽ľѷ죬ҵһѷ죬ҵһŪĴ½Ӷ½
ϿʼΧ½Ѱ֮ҲóһĲ֮粻ĴɢǱ½ķôһпѷ촦
ֻãҲûзѷ죬ŪĴ½һûз֣ѰҵĹУͬ½ǻ
˼ʱﾪϲѣҲЩԾû뵽ڴ˴ϣһ֮󣬳ϴȥȻǷġ
Ůһ̨Ϸ֮ˣȻʲôûзζܿȻôģͬʱҲ֪ζ˵ݣ֪ʱΪ幫Ҳ߸ϵȴЩ˼оԼһǿ
ζûжüۣЦŴ˶ģʲôʱΪĽã
˺ˣ֮󣬳ҵһ½ƿϽУĴڣóһЩ⣬һǲˣȴǿ⻯ħޣ޻֮ǵʵʮֹһĻϾ͸ȷ½ٷ֮ʮйء
û½϶ൢ飬ֱУָожںԴˣʣصĳϲһͳȥҪ½ȥ
˳ǹڤڤ֮еϵϱű˳϶ȥȵ½òʱϺǸľѾܽˣΪϵǹϤоԽŨϻһֱͬĸо
ʱϣһѷ죬ҪͨѷʱҵĲϻһֻ̤һӰһһ««оζɢȥ
Ͽ˵һƣһ֧У
ʶң
Ҳ⣬ҡͷ˵Ҳʶ㣬ֻżȻ㳪ĸ裬ʱһΪԼˣڿȷ£
ĳϣ
ʲô񷣬Ϊ˻ѡ
̫ǫˡ
ǰǾƽӣ
벻Ҳ֪ţǰǿɲҵ
ƽ˵ŵʱ򣬳Ѿ˾ͽ˳˾ͽͬһ«ƽӵĿһӾͱǸ«ֱԭ
˾ͽЦǰʲôϵ
Ϊʦ֣Ϊʦܣ

ƽӵĻشϵ˵ϣ˵ЩҲΪ˵мû뵽ǵӶʦֵܣƽӼ˵Ϊеĺ«Ϊغ«еĺ«Ϊ«ԣΪʦ֣Ϊʦܣ
غ«
˾ͽţȴǸռʱõĻ棬оһֻ«˾ͽѾƽȥʵ֪ǰҪȥ
½ֻҪ֪һϢģ½ҼæҲ·һõģȴ˳ӣ֪ӿɷԸһ̣
ֵܡ
ֻ˵һ䣬תȥѷ죬˾ͽƽ˭«ƺúȵ⣬ƽҲ֪йغ«ϣ˵˾ͽ
ûȶʱ䣬Ͼѷпٳһ·ȥƽ˾ͽʹغ«ں󣬽ѷߴϱ̤½ĵϡ
һ½ϱŵŨѪζܵɱս⣬ټϲ㣬ϱѾ½ڷһս
⣬ϻоԼʵǿ˲٣֮ǿеСڣҲ֮⣬ŨŨΧ
һˣңҺܿͻǡ
ûóȻ֣ӽץʲôĿģ֪ûһƻɱȥӵȦ׵㲻ʲôĵģǵǳ⡣
ӣţ
ѭǹɸо׷Ѱȥû׷ѰԴüɻ֮ɫŨޱˣǰʲôǳ¡󡱵һۣ
ôأǹϵ֮ͬԴ
Ҳ۴ֻһоȻ򣬡ԭЩ½ҲΪ۵Χ֮ڣѷõͨû뵽ĹܣĻ½ҲĴ֮еĴջ񣡡
ǸƻʲôŪô಻һĴ½
˵ţԺԯ˵ġ½һ仰ʱ˼ֲ²⣬ĪĿģҲ½ϵõʲô
ʱڶȴųϷһɻ󣬽˳һȥ


2155 ٻ
һֱ꣬ϳʼɻ뵽Щ²⣬ܿ죬˳һȻһ𣬵ǲûڡ
ϼǼ˵ӣʵںһ𣿡
һڵأͷѡ
Ϊʲô
ЩűǸ߹ܶϢңһ̶˵ЩûʶģЩںһ𣬿ǵõøǿܹø۳Ҳл꣬Ϊ֮ػۣ˵ȵȣǿ
⻰ʸŨӸ߹Ϣ֮ϢЩԼзֳģȻΪôܾ֮Ϣأ
ѾҪлȷʵ˼ڵľƣԽԽãص½ȻоĶ۱ƻˣҪ׼кֻ֣ڡ󡱱ٲˡ
ȻҪģǡ塱֣Ȼǳ״ҲٰҪͷʱ˵ҪǣˣҸоЩٻǣ
ٻǣγԣ
Ҳָֻ֪о½ʱˣߵָо͸Ũˣҵͬ嶼ָо
һ磬һ״̬˵ȷʵǶԵģٴǾ仰ţ½½ʲôϵѵ˵½һ
ţϳ֣ںһںϷǳ򵥣ҲǳһͷѣִĻȻȻˣʾл⣬ع֮󣬳о⴦۱üΪǿȣҲǿ˺ܶࡣ
ٲɣϽ꣬ȫ˳һ棬ûҺײһţųһݣͬķȥǻǾһ
ٻ
ţϵӦ״һоٵطвЩΪһ壬«ȫڡ
оšԽԽǿͻأϿ򱱷üͷһ壬Ǳߵһ۴ûڵýȥڱƻһƻǴƻ
Ȼһ۱٣油ܲ˶Ӱ죬ǣϼȻ½ϣһһ
ʱȥԳڵٶȣûжٹ򣬳Ͼ͵Ǹ۴յִʱϾŵһϤϢӼתϱף⴦ھȻǸ½ϣͳһ
⣬ɺϣ
Ͽ϶ĴȥĿ⣬ѾһˣǸ˴ڵĹˣֲܸ⴦۴ôƻԭ㡣
ʵϲ֪ΪͳǸ飬ŵ¹˽ʱնûܻٵۣϿ˵һ˲䣬Ժ͸һƻ
˱Ǹ˵ǸˣȻܸ½Ǿ˵ӵ۾еõģҲ·ӽӣ⵹һð취
˲øԶҪȵǣлᣬҪӸնɱôϲ棬Ҿһ
˵ţ̤߳գϻݣ߳ʱѾһűСͷӣһ֣˾ͿˣһɨȵȻ
Сӣûн̹Ҫ𾴳𣿡
ˡ
۾һ۵سųϺһ£ϸоԼһﱻ紵ҶӣֻǣƬҶӣ̫أ
ߣ
ҲоԾ֮ʵʲôˣ
һ棬Ҳͷǰ𣬲֪ͷӺܺ𣿡
˵ţһԾֱһץסֵȭ֮ÿһȭͷ棬̺Ŷڳϵգۼ䣬˵ͱϺˣûͣЪֱӽһ̾ȥͬʱˡ
ǡϣ
ڳǰʱžźﻹЩʣʵ벻ףֵĳ֮⣬˭Ĺ
ϵ̬ȣ˶ԼĲ²⣬϶ͬʱ˲صļϣҪıϵ켣ϼ״Цʵ˵ûУ
£
ӾûҲûмһԡ
£ڹЩ켣ͻرˣһ׵£̤ȥټžȵؿųϣ벻裬Ȼǿֻ¡
˻û˵꣬ӾЩȥһѽץסԥʩչˡѻط
ӵ£ϿûȤơȭߵһףֱӡѻꡱˣǰɱˣһ꣬Աĳ
ǡ˿̣ʹЦ˵һ꣬Ҽ䣿Ҹ㣬ԶòѣֻҪһҾͻԱһԱϾͻ֪ʱˡѾͻ⵽ˣ
ȷʵء
ҧ˵ŰʮĹˣʵҽ켣һģ˵ֻʲôһ


2156 ȡ֮֮Դ
ҽ켣һģ˵ֻʲôһ˵仰˲ˣɵˣϢع֮󣬴㲻㲻ܣ
ܣѵ˻ڵʱѵ׷ɱҵǵʱѵɱҼ˵ʱ򣿡
ӳһʵͬʱѾӿ˽ȥҲɱǣҾ͵ҲȻҪɱǣ
˴˱˴ˣ
ϣҲŹģ
˭˵Ҫˣ
Ц뵽˲٣ֿ񺰵ʲôıƣܵóѵģֹˣˣҲù
ҲҪ˭Ҳɱ㣬Լ
˵֮䣬ҪԱϵӿȥѾ˹˾󲿷ֵ켣ĵù˲ܿԼҪԱģȥȴǺݺݵԼһ⡣
Ŀضųϣ˵㲻ϲ˵켣𣿽컻ϣоΣ
ⷴɵģ
ٴ½û⵽ɣĸأ
ܣ仰ֱӺٸ½Ҷο㣡
ôҺأΰİ׳գ
ˆµʱ򣬡ѻѾϢչ£ҲǵһûоԵİգСؽӴֻ꣬һ¶ûкȻѵʱ򣬳ϲŷ
Ȼھҷȴֻܺ޺޵˵ϣ֪ΪʲôܹҸ⵽𣿡
֪
˱һ£ԹԵ˵ΪһԼģ֪˭֪ǺεĴ𣿡
޷Ǿ˵˶ѣʲôˣ˵֮𣿡
Ϸʻȥٴɵˣųϵ۾¶ǲ˼飻ϱںȴǽ䱸ȥǲ
˵ӵˣǲ֦ԼļƻʧܣʲôĴսýǾȳ˵
һһŹ˵ļ䣬Ҫ˵ľ󲿷ϢУƽʱӵ̬ȣʲôϰߣƽʱȵȣҪȷķʽ͵СϾӲһˣֶαҪ࣡
ĸĶѳʲô֮󣬳ϲס֣Թ˵ú˯һ˯֮ͻᷢ磬Ƭ񷣬仯һ£
˵ŴۻˣϽӽ棬䡢һ˶Сµʱ˾ͽƽӻغ«˵ţζܿڰš
⣬ϲЦĮģģҰģǰ֮𣬶ûиǿֻиǿ˵ţô˴ں켴֡١ۡ
٣ȻĻ٣൱һּ״̬ڼ֮£ԡ𣬵ȳɼƻҪ⴦ʱͻԡø
󣬳ֱ˹˵ӣʵ֮£аٱ䡱ʩչϵı飬·ƣɢϢϢһģһǳϤ˵ˣ濴ȥῴ⡣
ֶΣ
һк󣬳ֽһЩ۴ڡ״̬Ͽȥǻٵڳڵȥ;УϻЩõ˻ħޣչǴھһ֮أҲˣЭ
ЩóϴΪжΪ˫£ҪԵס˵ǲϣļˡ
ˣϳˡ
ȻԳ֣һ̺ණעĵ֮УʱѾǣĸǿ򱶣ɱȥдݿ֮ƣֱǼʮ֮ǿɱƬײ
Щ֮ЩųСڵĵ˵š顱֮Ļϲûȥüͷ˼ţղŹעȥʱ򣬲ŷǵòϴô򵥣ƺԶҲ˵֮
ۣ
ţ񣬸Щ˵һܣоĹ㣬ÿһ㶼һ֮ԴЩ֮ԴʱЩҲһغ˵Ķ֮ӿϣײϵӣʱоԼ棬˲֮Դ
Сˡ
ǡ
Щ֮Դʵӹô򵥣дǬ˿̳û㹻ʱоǵЩһЩô֮ѭնȥ
һ·֮ϣһνһεԼļƻȷһʧͬʱǹϢѹȥоˮ塣
ԴЩںһ½ϵ֮ϢŨϰٱʱ˺ԽԽ½ǣУһЩǬڵӣҲͬˣʼ˵ǺתϾУǿҳǬڴˣ
ЩϵǺ֮󣬳ϵ˹ƽʱӼĵطհŴȥ֮󣬴ӵӣǰͻһ¶һСվɽ֮ϣ


2157 ð취
վɽϣ˫ָں󣬺һδǸۣȥûлȥĻԼӦʲô
ӣҰȥˡ
ܳţȴ˿˿ϲã⻰Ӳת΢΢̧ͷһȫʶףϢҲǲͬмݶһ
ȴֱӣżǸˣͬʱиӽʱʱݣıϢӣΣϵԼаٱ䶼֮ͬעÿһϸڣκһĲԾӵĻɡ
⣬ϻǿҿסԼֱЩʱֱ֮ҲзӦģˣǹɱϸˣΪɱӵֱ
ֻҪֱһǵǵĴΣˡ
ϸԼһ̣ǹˣ
Щ˼ڵʯ֮ˣӵõϿ϶Ļش¶ЦݣЦٴóϤУʵǴѾˣ½ĸ֣ʲôʱȫƻ
ӣٸһʱ䡣
ʱ䣿ȱľʱ䣡
ǡ
϶סЦݴ⣬˵
۶˵ǣǸۿܻܼ֣
Ǽ𣿡
ǵģӡ
۾ǼǬԴţ⣬Ǭǿ½ЩֶεˣػҪȥѶȻǲС
ѵҪóһЩƣɳϾͿҪص½ЩԸϵģҪǾΪ˻ǼӾõЩֵá
߶ţӺܿ¶⣬ԸҪ½ҪӾóһŵƶԸǼӣԹ˷ԸһһЩҪǼӻٵ
ǣ
˵ҲǼΪᶨͬʱҲԼ϶һЩײ飬ס˵ʲô⡣
Ȼһ˲䣬Ӿʵӣǻʲô˵ģ
²ң
ʲôҲҵģ˵ɣ
ǡ
ϻһ䣬һ֯Եı󣬲ŸϽ˵ΪҪӸϴݻǵ˵ͣסˣ˵Ȥ˵
ܹݻٵǵƻ½ĸִֻ֣ǵļƻǳ˳ϵŻ֣̿ˣЦݸӲһЩû𣿡
²ҡ
ҲңӺţҲܶΣˣǣһ⣬ʱ䲻ǵ˵ģҲ˵͵ģҪòȥأʮꣿһꣿУûʱ䣬ԣֻǿƳңҪǴЩһЩֶΣҪٵǺ׵ġǸģЩ֮ȻγԴԴ۵񣬾ˣԴ֮ͲʧҲ飡
ùӵĽ̻壬һƣ򵥵Ĳӻ˵Ҫ򵹱ˣþǱǵˣǵ죡
˵ܼⷬᶨ¶ļʽüͷȻʧ۾һĨ⻬Цϵǰ˵ܲңȲ֮ҵɣõٺôģ
Ӧġ
ֻ̿һû˵͸˵˵ģΪ˷Ϲ˵ΪչӵģԽЦԽЩ֮ǺܲģȫΪãⳡϷҾߵ
֮Ӻ棬ΪΪΪģʲô̬С˯ʵҪ֡ɻȴû˿֡
˵ţһתȴǱˡϡӣϿǿѹԼеЦ⣬˵һĺûѯˡˡǴ϶սʱԳϵĸоʵ˵ֽԼġϡһЩ޸ġ
˵ٴϳϵϳϵŮˣ˳ңһУͺðˣ£㽫䶨Ϊʤ
˵Ź֮ļԣǿʯͷ£һĿģΪһ仰ӵǣ϶뵽ЩӾȱʲô䣬ֶ֮ΣڳҪģǵȴȴӽȫĻ档
ͻأ˵ͽˣıǵ켣Ӧûɣ
ûУ
شвûзɷֺ빦ܴɣӸ˳һƺһַȥĵطȥϲӿȥڵĵط
£ٶȸȥ·֮Уһ˿ɻ󣬲ɻ󵹲ǳϣɻԼ֮ǰΪʲôû뵽ĺð취ӵóۣǳŪЩ⣬š
ӮǧٴΣֻҪӮһΣӮֵһξ͹ˣһΣ㽫ױҴܣʮš
ӵ˷˵ȴѾǳü˼£еĿֻű˿־壬ΪȥЩѴµĴ½Ķ˥֣ٻڼҲްãԽЩ½Խ˥
ԭȻܴ֮Եʣֻ֪ǣҲɻĿ⣬Ͷ½ϡ


2158 ټ
֮ʱСݼѾ۳˴ĵСݼ˵ȻûϳһֱûУϾϸղӶƭˣοǡ
СݼֱӺȳšˡͲܣԸҲᱻãСݼ˵ŵʱֱ³һѪѪѳѪ֮б㺬ĳ־綾ɽҲƴɱ˶Ⱥ𼤷ߣ롰ˡͬھı֡
û¶һߣҲôˣϵǱ̨СݼϲٽֱͣöڻǱ¶ʱ
ߣϽշˣǱߣڼҪ߽ϵڵصʱͻͣס˲ӣǱϸ˼άˣôܾ߽ȥأȥʵ̫û˼ˡ
һ£תˣ֮һԸȥţһͳڳϵǰʵӣǵˣ
Ҳ
ã̫ˣһ켴˵ˣߡ
ǡ
ӦӿֳԼǰʱоѾЩ²⣬һȥģǳϵ֮أһ˴ĵط
û߽дͷҲصųϣ֪ô𣿡
ϵȻ֪ȻһϷʵӵġϡ֣һȥǣȴҡҡͷض˵ʾ¡
Ȼһˣھ͵ǰ棬ֹҽȥǣ˵˵ЩԸһ²裬һЩϸڣóݵñһ㣬Ͱǡϡ˵ʱ򣬾ҪˣҪʲô˼ɡ
ǣ
ӳ֣ĶСݼһˣϡӣ۾ϲâһ˵һ˱ӳǰȥҵսɽѪһȭһȭϣһʾһʵ¼
𵴣Ѿ֣һӦǳˣϽģҲͬʱ滹Լѡûдﻹʲôӣ϶ҲǳӵĶ֣֪ĳӣǶôǿЦģǳӣ
һӾʹ˹ϣϻûбܣԣһ˾Ϳӵƴɱ϶ǳϣһ˻ڳɱ͸ˣʱϸһѪȻչʱˣȴ˵СӣǣûôףﻹУҪ͵ʬɣ
ǸҶҵһëĽǴϵ£˺飡
鲢ïش̾ˡݼҲʱϴһתӣǴСؾͺȻըӸϽǻס׷ȥ
һվ֣޵֮أ
һϷּ֣֮ӵĶ飻ţֵ˵ûк˴һ͵һ˿ţ˵ｫһǳҪϷҲԻȥⳡϷӮˣˣϵôܲţ
ж֮ǰӾ͸߳ϣҪʱϧɣҲҪⳡϷݵ÷ǳϽǴռ䣬ЮУȻѹסһУ֮ڤڤдڵϬҲǿнضϣԷ¶ʲôţ˵ⳡϷҪԳ˵ҲͬҪ
ϴӵ΢΢ļϣǸоʲôʱȥҲע⵽ķӦϽ˵һѪָĻʹӱϿǳϣ
ǺһƴɱǶ֮ӽ˳һЦһЦΪļƻɹˣûеΣ˵ȾȵĻ
ҪϷˣˣѾһϢĳϣûټӴܣԶѾЮųϵﵽΪ֮ˣò־ӡ
ϽѹסҪȥȵĳ嶯ڻõʱżӿ£˵ӣ°²𷣣
޷ϾȳȥЩˣֻǸֻҪץס˾͹ˡЦݣתų壬˵ҵöԲ
ӣߣ
šϡѩȻˮӷʹϾǣǵҡ
ȣȻ԰Զ˫ۣ˫ۣԱ磬ҾͿȷҪնɱˣնɱ棬նɱŮˣҾͷҪǳңЧңҾͷһڣ
ӻЦ˵仰ѾԵĳϣҲһݣԼʩչıֱɱô˵ĻͻᷢԼϣһ֮޲
úݣ
ûɢȴǺҵȻҪ߲½
㲻ֵĻҾҪˡ
Ѿ֣ҪץסɫңСݼȴ̤߳˵ǲˣͻŹүͷˣ
Сݼ˵仰ѾȻһ⣬ֿĵЦ


2159 Ϯָ
ǵȻҪԼ˿ɲ㣬ҪԶɱǣЦ˵Ļ棬͸ǵǿɹϣĳϣҲ˸о
ӻڶ˵˵壬Ҿ뿴ôȥ壬ҪǵأҪ
Ҫ
Ӻ³һѪǰ˵ϣ㶯ְɣ޺
У
ѩȻСݼҲߵǰ棬Ӷ֣˵ǵǳϸģٻҲӦҪǣԸΪ˳ȥ
֣޶վ˳˵ϣұҪֻҪұС˵仰ʱ֣޽˼ץýҪʧˣٻ㡣
㡣
˼Ц˵ȴЩɣ֪壬֪ϵĿռʲôĵλ뵽ЩЩʧǣԭΪųϻЦȴѡ񳡾˵ģ治֪ôˣҲǡ
ӿһĻĻЦøӿˣһͺϷӣʱǰ˵ϣɱ֮ǰԶ˫ۣ˫ۣ˼

ֻʱп£ȴоЩԾŹΪʲô˵ʱϺȻֱ֣Ӱſżһɽȥͬʱ׼õľƽӼһɱУֱϮӡ
ӱͻȻ״ŪЩ֪ˣȴظоΣյ٣¹˲Ͻô˻ᣬϽСݼ֣ޡһ˶ɽ
һϵжǧ֮һϢڷϾĿĴﵽ󣬺ɵأӷʱ乥ģǿʱȫһ˲Ѥóȥ
ʱӣѾɫûгףôһӾͱˣһϷͻɹˣȴͻ䵽˾ƣʼ˿оͷٽΣӵʱ˹ŭȵǳϣ
֪ʱ򣡡
һ䣬ָӿϵ飬ۡ³Ѫŭ֮³ģѾϵĹΧ׷ȥ׷˵㲻ϲϷⲻ𣿵ż㲻˵Ҫźòã
ϣɱ㣡
ȷʵǵģôȷһɱң
һ񣬱ӻɱ𣿡
ӺţܵԽԽأķŭʵȵŨԸӵĵزʵľǣΣȴˣʹĵǣʲô顢̤桢ҲʵˣһϷһδ뵽ֶΣĻˡ
ʧߣԼ
ѾռϷ磬ǣԲ˿⣬Ϊ͵ĹȴûܸӴˣּˡǬӾƸգ
һʱԽܳϵϮѾŭлָ˿˿ѣԳ˵ϣұˣҲɱңҪ׵ɱңֱǲܣ
Ҵδ׽ɱ
ϵҲǱޱȣͬʱеֵϣ֮ĶԹһϷûȫ
˵ôϻʲôֶξʹɣ
ãӾԸӲһеĻ׼ȥɣ
ӵĴϲΪƣֳ֣ͨӱиҪĴڣôûһǰֶأ
ϣӮң֤ȻǴҪˣ
δ䣬ӵұȻѿѪУһֱָϣȫë׺ըٴУǼ䣬ϽӿڡǿʱУָ
䣡
ĵطȫޣ½ǲĻζʩչǿһĳϣҲӲסһָ֮ڱĹУƬƬѣ
ϵеȴȻУڵǳѨϻ˸̬ռṹͲס˵ĽŲ
ңϸоָвûֶΣеľͽɢϢȴǳļ֮УǹǿϢ߷£ָϢһȣҲһˮ󺣵𡭡

ϣһΪжԭҲˣӮⳡϷһҪȥĵҲۣһҶʣ£
ûӵļֻţܽǡ뷨ԥһָ֮е̫ǿǿһ磬Ϳĳ̶ȣָ֮ܽһЩͬʱøǿһЩ
뵽ǬԴ˵ģӦŲٵƣܽЩƸõ֣Ӧǿ٣ǣиǰᣬҪŹһ
Щʱ򣬳ϵѾ˽֮ӵЦݸʢϣǰ棬ȴûԺ棬Ҫȥ㻹þһ㣬Ҳˣø죬һ·ʵͬڶʱڱ


2160 ֮
ɢӵ𽥻ָ߳ʧܵӰһһ䷭ȥĻԼİʾ
ˣӮкأ
أ
ܣ֮Իϣ漣Ϊָ֪еһʲô
ʲô
ûش𣬰֮󣬲һһ˵졪磡
硱֣ɵһ£ҲоԼĪϵָȫѹƵĻ棬Щ²⣡
ʱѾ˼ţǲǿԽϷȥҡҡͷҲҪϷֻҪ
ڴ֮䣬ϵҪȫΪޣ˵Ҿȥ
ƽһ˶оΣգζǶһ֮ǣǹѹ֮£˭ãָСݼˣȡǾߵ֮ţ
ڳȫȥ˲䣬Сݼȫ֮۳˵ڵųٵӣȴǿ͵ɢ֮⣬켴Ѫ֮
֮㡭
ӵʵԱͿҪָɫֱһƬףΪףѻ٣Щʧǵ벻벻Ȼɾ֮ƣҵļƻɹҲ
ˣҲûȥ˿˿ӳϸո۳ģһܵסϾҲڻ֮¡
Ӳ֪Ѫһ̣оģֻСݼǵ֮ǰЩ֮Դȫ֮
ʱ˿̣½ϵˣܵٻһϵţտʼǱ˴˶ɺǸоڤڤ֮еǹϵһƬһ壬ǵģǳϣ
ԭ֮ǿĹܣ
һ̾˴ûᣬϿɲ̾ģ󣬵ʱЩ꣬һɳϸоϤİϣ֮⣬ָӴ
̺ġǿʱһκأָĹסˣȻϻںˣȻϵ֮ڱݻ٣ǣݻٵ˲Ѿˣ
ںת
ǰϼָЧ΢ξ֮ۡԶָĴԺЧת÷ɿ죬뵽
ԽԽ࣬ǿʱǿָܽӶرˣϽüһӶָУؿһ飬ɽ磡
ͣһһĴ½һŽһŵǳһƬһƬأ¡ըУӿȥ
ʦҶԡҡϵģйĪ£ǻ
ϲ²ţһָܣڽ磬һһ㣬ϽԽԽĶָתԼˣӼ״ģٱгϻᱻָնɱϣ
漣漣ٴγ֡
ȫǿɬתҪѭ˵ˣҪȻٲûлˣɾʱϾȵô׾ȥ𣿡
Ϊס𣿡
ס㣬ҲҪϵƣ
ԣ
˵ĸʱһӽеĶָܣǸָ̽ͬʱУʱң
ռ籩
ʱչȥΧĿռ䡢ʱ䲻ȶٴѪɽͦݣȻʹŷȥ
һݣҲգ׷ٶȥ
ӵķ˵ˣҲʱ䡢ռ󣬶֮ƿʱ䷽棬ΪǿȻ֮Ŀռ䳹⣬ˮĿռṹٰ
ټ֮ӷܵʱҡ͡ռ籩Ӱ죬˦ϣϾͱŶָŻ׷ɱӡ
ô״ʱӲǷŭżǸ߸ϵĻ֮ǿߣֻһ񣻶ٴμ棬Ѿ֮
ⶼʲôɥǳϾȻ˶ָһ
ǿǴ˵ֶΣ
ǣӲû˻ûֻҪһôֻ·һԣľ뿪½صߣԼʵ
ϣΪҰ˦𣿡
֮۾ȴĳһһͨ½ͨѾƻˣǸͨͨó׷޿׷
һ˲䣬ηѾӵͨǣӲûдȥһϣֱӱ˻ӿֻţ֪ʲô£粼õͨرˡ
ʱѵǰҪ׼ӶʱϽǽضָŻȫӿΧʱվ㷢䣬Ͼ֮٣
Ԥ׵ģĴ֮ٽˣ
ӳųϾ֮ʣٴʹŷһȥˣ˫һ˵֮٣Ҳѣ
Ĵ֮ڣϴһӱվΪΣգϲŸҪӣһǷֹӴҪеƣ


2161 Ҫ
ӼʶΧ쳣״ѾЩ²⣬Ȼ׾һ֣ǳģУǸָ뻹֮һԣһѾҵдУһ߶ԳȵϣרĽѰɣ˶ȵĽ٣һĽ٣ʱ㻹׷ң㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȻҪΪҪԲűҪ׷㣡
ӣʮķӣ
ӺϱķöˣҪ϶һȫĵطȶȹѣٳȥ桢֮࣬ԲѾ٣Ҫ׷ɱ
Ҳ裬Ҳ˽һ
ϳ˵ֵҪ׷Ҿ׷㴦ڽصʱһҪΪǸָһĹҾû𣿡
ֻ֤һ£֮ٷΧڵ㣬᲻֮ܵٵĹ䣬ڷΧڣƹ磬ֻ岻ǡ硱ǡռ䡱
Ȼֻ½µĿռ䣬䱬ȵ֮ٵгһοռ乥ҪͣϸоǲĻҲھҶҡĴ½𣿡
ӻûȫ롰֮١ΧȻܵ˲ŸտʼӵķͱŪѺۣǰŵķҾҡʹڷ֮УرҲû顢ʹӴ󾪣϶ȵĵʲô٣˿ֲ
֮Ӳľ֮£ӳ죬ѵöˣٿȥоһ¥Ϊϻ󣬴һضݵζ
Ӵ𣺡㵽ô
Ҫ
ѾĵŮȫȻȥˣҲûпǰ֣żʱһȹ˵ǲûޣƴƴʲô
Ҫ
֪Ĵ˵˭Ҫˣͻѹʱ㲻ĵŮǣȫ
ҲܣֻڣҪ
϶š֮١׷ȥڻޱȵĿռУѰͨӵ̹켣ͬʱСŬĥˮĶ
ˣŸоһܿµˣرַ辢ʱ򣬺أһ뵽ӣ㲻ҪҿԸ㣬ֹͣң
ɱ㣬õơ
̬ȻǿӲޱȣβĳϣûа취ˣֲò취ųһ裬һƽ٣
û˱Σմټϱϲƣ˼άѾЩ಻ˣӱϾһˣƣӺͻأ͵˿򣬡ȥǲҲΪƣҲС
뵽⣬ӺݺҾͲĻƣ켴ӶԳϴϾӳǲҪĻ͵ðɣ
£ӽһӳ˴⣬ޱ飬ȴЦˣ⸱ͱ˵ļʽһΪóƣҪǰֱҪƵֻӾͻҪЮˡ
ȻһС룬ظɵӣֻҪлᣡ
Ʊһߣ붼û룬ֱӶ֮٣ȥƸץסӽڿռ䣬෴ٶȥӣһĻһ˵һΪ㲻ҪأֻҪܹǣ㣬Ǿͺðˡ
Ͻӵһüͷ֮ٵԽԽǿˣҪսپȫӦ֮٣󣬳ϼƷȥķС
ֵӷˣһƾͽˣ
Ӹո꣬ͷԼرռһ£һ֮ԼȻҲ˸򣬶Ͽ
⡭
־еĲˬȴٴγϺԶ㣬ȻҾͰƻӵҪЮֻػһ䣬ѵˣҪҪپͻٰɣû㣡
ȻϺŽƣʱ˿̾Բһͻ·磬ϵǿƹȻŪе޴룬ԽԽ֮£ֻٴӳһƣȻֻһʱ䡣
ǣӳƲǽĸ취ΪÿһӳȥԶֻܿ׷仹вٴԼϣӷǳƣƬռȴûõİ취
һƬ֮µĿռ䣬Ѿҵޱȣͺñһ·ԿռṹоĳϣƬռٶҵԷ̵·ӣзѾƻЩǰ·
ԣӶʱ֮Ӳ
ӹȥռѾĻѾǳˣ½ϣЩ֮еĺˮžκ˵׳۾󣬳ϵٶѾ࣬ӷƻøˣٶȱȳ½ûҪࡣ
ӿԽԽٵƣӱҪָ֮ô죿ͻؼٳӸϽͬķͬʱѵҪĵƣ


2162 Ҳ
֮ǰ˵Ĳٻȷʵеƣȶָ͵ĹǣҪóǸƣͻḶĴۣصĺţȴпܲ
ԣӲ򲻵ѵʱǲ׶õģ
ƣ
üͷýӳƵʱڣ׽İ취
ͬһʱ䣬ȫڿռĳϣţʮ߿ˣ֪ϻжٿ飬Ҳ֪һжٿ飿
ʱ򣬳һָоо;ž֮йأ
Ҳ⼸Ϣʱ棬֮ٵĿ̶ֲȣ˺ü֣Ѿﵽά֮ӵķˣȫҲΪ֮Զ
Ͻؽ˳˿̵ؽѲͬնǬԴ֮µĹȣ类ؽؽֱ֣ռնȥնһ·
С󲻶ϽƽĿռṹṩϣٴηãһ׷ҪƣһĥЩյƲϢ
ӭĴ֮ٵʱȴޱȵرˣԭΪϴǳϸù£ϵãԭǽֻǵùĿʼѣֻһ֣ҲϸɵǸܹȡĿռҲЩֵĴ½ϣɴ½ȴ˥ˣԶԶûдﵽҪ
֪½ܺ󣬾ڿʼıˣ֮ʹֶȺԯ塢ˮ塢һȵȣֻҪǲϵģҪôסҪôɱ
ԴЩʬΪϣΪؿٳüٸ½Щ½ǿ½ѷ촦½һʽϵЩ½½ȵһпĶ
½ʵ
ٽڴ½֮УеľЩ֮ϣֱüΪǿǿһʱٽջڼʵ츲صı仯֮ǸΪȫڻ£
Ҳ˵Լӱ˵ڣ
տʼһУǰԤϵչģǣԴӳϳֺļƻͲϳ⣬һһ㵽˽ز
Թ˵Գϵĺ޸ǱȲ񷻹ҪЩô΢Ѿ˵ƵѾ˲ˣҲãϾЩڡϵĶٶʵĻָ
Ȼʱ˿̣һӵˣΪǰ½е֣ȻСһ㣬ήˣЩ裬ʮ½ˣ׷ˣֽЩ½ˡ
ȷϼƻȷʵȫʧܺĿ⣬ȫ½ϣо½ԣ⣬˵Ͼ½֮ˣձض½Ҿ½ȥУٿһʲôеŬеѪȫһ
һûɾһзĻᣡ
ӸǸ˵ǰŬҪּƻ븴ƻҪǴڡ½ϣڣȴǳΨһĴơ
Ȼʵ˥˲٣ͨЩѷ죬ŻܹȻǣ߽ѷʱŷѷǿ˺öࡣ
֮ԻΪµĴ֮ٵԭ
Ȼ֪Ѿǧͨѷ½ʱѾֻʣ°ˣûüͷ½ϢȫһбõĶ
ʱϲ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡˵ţͱЩ۶ȥȻ⵽˹ʮͣ˼ۣûгɹǾδˣǵ˼£Ծǣ·֮Уʱʱ½ߣЩҲ˹һˣ
½ϵߣģǱ˵ģôܹܿЩϵЩͨˣЩܱ֮ǿҪܽЩԵҵļƻԼУһ󳬳ҵԤϣ
ͬʱͷԡˮʲǣɨһµ֮Ҳ½廹ûжмƻ£Ҳӽɹ
½ϣֻʣһƵӣ˺غţϣĽѾôˣ㻹Ҫ׷ɱңĲҪ𣿡
û֪һҪû
ۣ
ٴѪ֮ܵٹԭ򣬸бסԭϵı٣Щһ㣬ֻ̺Ϣô򵥣ٲ򵥣֮ٵĺ֮£Ҳˡ
ӷǳףûеϵǸزԣı֮ھͲԶˡ
ҲѾǵ򲻵֮ʱˣ
ҪŵƣĿ⿴ʱȴϾȻǴ˳ϵķ裬ˣӴȺϣҾһأҵģ
Ⱥ£ӳһƣô֮ȡһ壬Ž̽ӵҲ


2163 Ű
ҶӣϸоӾͺʲôһӲӣܿ죬ӰӾͻǰȫʺɫвͬϢɢ
治ˡ
ţѾܵɢΣϢȷʵЩǿᣬΧЩϬĿռ䣬ֱֻӳȥñǿһ·
·ͨϣ
˵ϣ㲻Ҫҵ˵ţǰߵø죬ǼʽҪҲ˺飬һǰֳޣͬʱӵﻹţҸ˴ĴۣôܶԵҸĴۣôͷ֮ޣ
ӵһЩ˻ƣüͷ˿˻ƾԲΪ֮˻ƣмİտ϶˻һ˵ġ
˵Ѿˡ
ҵȷңһУɵģҪ㸶˱ҸĴۣҪڵ״̬ҡ
ԽԽʱֻбŭûϻѣŽ֮ٶȻصߣʱȻа취ԼָԼʵ
㲻˵Ҷ˺ҪˣҴôã
˵ţӣҺԥأӦ֮ٵĹֳһЩص˸ҪӵҰ߱ڵӡ
ԸЩڣѾΪϬΪ͵Ĺˣ
ˣǶҼҴô½ϵǸ½йϵɣҪˣ϶ּ½ҪǸˣһ½еĴڣҲٲˣˣֻӣӰɣЩԴ˵Ǻô
˫ֳֻûʲô쳣Ӧұֻȴ͵һϿֶֶʱҲ״̬
ţͻȻѪҲһ룬ȴ֮ڳϷ֮ʣ˳Ϻݺһڳ۳֮Լٶȸԭˡ
ϽģϵǳѨϣҪǧ̬Ȼܹ֮ԭܲٻǲٻĺãϾǷ׳֮ҲҪһ֧ŵģȣǵ˺ܴ
ڳǼˣȻ᲻һУ
ȻռṹãӦȵȺ󣬳ȴûǰǳĸоͺǳϵˣֺǳ˦ˡ
Ҳ֮ٵһ֣
ӿĴ֮ǰδһʱ˵Щ棬ҽնɱҲеһ֣Уһܵõٺôˣʵ֮ġԣ۴ķ˵㶼ɣ
һƴŻҵĿռһӿϣһؽն£ȴɿȥδϽתʮƣǬͬʱҡ
Ƶʱըα˻ȥһֵ֣֮ȷʵǲģǣû֮ôڣ
˵Ϸǹ½ҪٵЩ֮Դϼ״Ͻת󡱵ֵסӵĹ
Ҳתʱ͵뵽ǳϵԼǳأУҽǳѨϣ󣬻Ӧֻ
ţͬʱӣԺ˼άֻһ˵İɣ
㣬㹻ˡ
𣿡
Ȼǣ
һٴα˳ϣˣȴЦˣ˵ǼҰҰӣһ˼ά˼άȫռס壬˵ǻ
һӻһ£ΪϻǸﴢһǿĴڣ£ܻǿͬʱҲпܱǸǿĴʴ֮ǰûжõԭ
һ֮ӻָЦһ˼άѾȫҿס
ǡòõģӵƴȫһӦûģжӲе꣡
ĲˣȴڻҿռֱϣûӲƴܿȥͬʱڵǳѨγ
˿̣ؼһ𡱣ʱסֽǶ֮ĽʱϵĽٶá
һߣȴܴӰ졣
뵽ֶ˲ףҲ֮ٸˣӱЩסܶģֻ
ӹڳϵͬʱҲӵҰӾҵزͬʱҲоǹ˼άڷʴҪȡ֮
㡭
ӴȣоԼ켣ȷʵЩ仯ʶ࣬úõңһȥ˽㸴ҪҶҲ죬׼Զػɣ
˵㣬㣬ھͻ𣬲ҵԭ򣬻֮ٵԭ֮ҪңҪȻǸĹ㣬ûһǿԣ֮ٻģǿġ
ԣһ


2164 ǰ
Σ
˵ĻŵӻǿӲػشĸ֣ǣҪٴιϵٶȴԽԽΪԺеһ˼άӷع
ǿʱյĽʱ֣ٸԿռṹƽ⣬תƼС
ԹϢӸоԼ˼ά궼ֱѹȵĸоۿϣòų˵׼ȷԣȥ֮䣬ͷһӵʱоѹǺӳϴϣͷһöȹ٣ΪҪȡ
ʵܾǰҾûа㵱ˡ
㡭
һ仰һϬޱȵĴ̣̽ӵŭ뷴ȴҲ˵Ϊȷʵʧߣϼ˵Ǹڣҵľ֣

ӿЦˣϣ˵ʲôݺ𣿡˵ţӱȥ֮ܿӦҪ˶ãͻ½ʱͿԸˣ
ݺҲһ
˵ƣѾоʮάת͵һȣƣʱƳһӣʱûٺһ𣬿˳ȥ
Ȼ󣬳Ϻԥ׷ȥӼ״󾪣ﲻͷ֪Ͳú˵ô໰ȥãַˡ
ŵͬʱӺȵϣ㻹׷ɱң
ģҲҪ׷ɱǰ㣡
ң
㿳Ǻɫ֣ɫĽţɫ壬ǺɫԴ꣬Щ㲻ȻҪһСûպû˼㣬ҪǾ͹ֲˡ
ۡ
һЦ˵ĻٴѪ
æѪʧ֣ԼԼ
ѪһαǰǸ˵Կ˫ֵĻţǳڱָųϣϣҡ
ұҪǲ˵ͳȫ֮٣һ˸һԵĴðҪȫΪһڣҲԼѱȷҪ䣿
ֶһƣž޴ǰ̤УߵӣûٷʲôвĻֻƴӴܣƴϣĿȷʵһǱǣҪĿģҪõǺɫֺͽţٽǿࡣ
˿̻һҵϣҶȻȥ
һκϸų˵Ļó˵Ļȷʵмֵֿܼʴǣֱб̺ĶܹΪģЩԥɾʱһҽУһ˼άʴǰһ󲽡
ʱٲҳɣԶұۣȻϾʱӻռϷ磬ӽұϣôһõĹӿɲŹ

ұۿҪɽʱһȣǧһ֮ʣֱӴ磬ұ˽ȥأȫǲͬӵҲϣҲܣѪӿһͣǣһ׷ȥȻԶһЩӻû߳Χڡ
㵽Ҫʲô
ӿ챻ƷˣϾ˵һֱô㲻ǻ𣿱Ϊ̰ᣬڰ㣬İ㣬ѵ㲻һڵĹȼ𣿡
㡭
ӵķŭ֪ʲôǳ߳˵Ļ˵ĸպʵģڱŭ֮УӺسĬˣ˵ںþڣҪңһð˵ȥȻҾĻᶼûУϱǰ棬ڰ棬ϲ̨棬С棬ϵģǴ棡
뵽ͻȻΪʲôΪʲô涼治ţѪˣѪУնȣٴιϣҲȥֱӿ˴
׼ҲŪ磬ȻҪ࣬ǣ͵֮ٲˣĿǰҲ˼ޣ
ԣȥǲٴʲôɱǹóڽΣʱһԸѱٶȣҪصߣô˾ǣڵ½˺ܴı仯ǰ׼ЩͨвٶʧˣеҲòˡ
ӽ֣ÿ½ϴһ죬ľƾҪΣһ֣½ϿѰ뿪ͬʱҲѰſֵۡ
⣬֮Уһˣ˵Ԥϵʱǰ˺ܶ࣬ǰҲãƬ񷣬棬һ֡
˵䵭ǣȴؼһģùĶ
˴½һ𶯣ͬʱǳҡҡ׹ڵǧ½ػš
ߣٴαʱսסȻǳѾΪãǣԼǳټ벼½ͨ
ϵرϾͲϵƣ֮ѾٻٴΣȻֺ֮󣬳Ͼƻ̫ӣǸоԽԽ͵֮٣ٴų׵ƽ֮
ܿ죬Ͻע棡


2165 
뵽ҲЩֹ̾ϵùϣֶö
ǿѾֳˣҪ֮ԴΪһ֮ͳױˣ֪Ĳ̫࣬뵽ľǽ֮У֮ƴ
⣬ڵֻ½๵ͨģҪģںϣڡǾ仰һֱڳҲожһЩ
ʱٴûлȥƣϸĸ֮ǰԣһֱûл᣻أϷʱսĲ壬ǽ֮͸ꡢ˼άȵȣҲǶֻסˣһϾʧʱĸо
棬ʱգķ
߶ţһʹУȷԼĲ²⣬ʱռ䲻Ƕڵģǻϵģÿʱỵ̈ʱնڱ仯֮Уͬʱ䲻ͬĻڴʱ˿̣ʱǱʲôתһԽԽǿ
ÿһ˲Ĺһüвеķֻܹ壬ʲôʱʲôռ䡣
ţϽԼĿռṹʱսĿռȽʲôͬȻʱսеĿռϻûȫŪףǳԸоռṹĲû¿ռ¡ḻ
΢΢һ˼ЩףˮеĿռṹӦǳƬ֮Уֻǳкܶණ£С
˿ռ֮⣬Ҳ쵽ʱҲѾ⵽ʱµö࣬Ųֹʲô١ֹ֮࣬ϲʱҲһиߵ֣֮
оʱսѾӰ쵽磬ûмðȥȻ˻ģ̤֮Ŀռ䣬µʱ䣬Լš
ǺϽáʱաȥͬʱѼľʮһתǬҹʱҡҡȴûѡ
ĽڳϵԤ֮УĴ֮پôùģ켴Ͻ֮֮ϣأԺڡʵ⣬Ϊ飬Ϊʵʵڣڣܹʱܱǣǽ֮Уֻ
ţѾڽ棬ʵںϵ÷ǳ˳ȫʱԼ˾޴ı仯һоϣǱǿˣʲôˣҲ˵Ĺ󣬾ͿЩһι󣬲ûɢֽŵڶιι
һֱͣϻ̫𾪣ǣÿһιܶûм
ô
ϼ״ǰȫΥ֪ײضŻʧЩʧôأ
ŻϵĹע棬ֻҪڣҵܲϵػٶЩˣôתһ£Ҳ˵֮ǲʧˣ
ôһ룬Ͼûܿ߼ȴóϸˣӵЩ֮ˣʵǿ˵޹غʵһˣҲӵޱȼᶨǣתһ֮ܣȻ֮ǿ
ǰĶ֮󣬳עֻص֮йȻڲͣعţǲƵʱ෴ʱԽԽǿ
£׼ںǳԲģϻԴЩڴ
ҪںŦ
ÿһۣ䱾Ҳûб䣬Ҳ۳֮󣬳ϻһһʽһ𣬳ҲԼ½Ĵ
ɲǣϾͽյһ޾ĺƴֶ֮оСƵϢϢɱСڻҪŨҪʢ
Сڵһֱδ֡
뵽Ǹ֮ԴĿռ䣬½ֱ֣رǸٻϵóһۣԯ˵½ĪǾСڵ𣿡
ϸϸ˼һϾԷǳеСڣСڵĲҲǳ֮󣬻оСڼıǿ
ʱ½һһ㼲׳󣬳ϽյӺ嫣ͬʵʵգۼ佫һһŸ䷶Χٶʮ½ôˣͬʱԽԽҲڷű仯仯ȴó
ɻȴٴν֮Уţȥһȭֻáһ죬ʱսˣ̶ޡ
ɳȴһҲûģǰȥջ
Ĵ֮ʧ𣿡
ϿǾҲǳ鲻Խ֮ٵ˽⣬ӦǶȹˣɼȻȹΪβ񷻹㣿
һʱʱȥˣ춯ûֹͣӻңԿЩǳĹʼˣеĻҡҡ׹Ҫ
һĻóͻ뵽ǿʱ뵽Ǹռ︡ԴĻ棬ǳҪ
С
ϵһʱԺȻһӣڵһˣ


2166 ʼ
ӣڵһˣ
仰͸οϻһ飬һϤѿʵ
ҡ

޴ڡ
ˣָġǸԣΣ֮ʱԺġ֮Ļ
һֱң
һֱǵýѪλƵǸʱ𣿡
ƣ
һ뵽ƣһһεõģСһƣ˼ǻҲûʲôӦǸȴţֻҸģһ˿˿ʶһͻʧһ㣬ԣܸʵϴ󲿷ʱ˿ʶҲڳ˯״ֻ̬ΣͷŻѹϼϲ٣ǻҲ㣡
Ѿ㹻ˣҪĻѣҾҪԶԹȥͲڡ
ϸм˵ţͬʱҲΪоۻԵöôܹѹ
ϽţʵС
ҵĺӡ
ӡ֮ǰ˵ġӡ˼һСĺӣȻͲ²⵽һЩ϶ĴʱȻǸӿһЩ
ЦʼѪ㻽СڣҲֻóˡ
ЦЩΣȡǷ棬ǷǳСС֮࣬ȡ֣ӰˣҪǵõڵʱǵɫǺɫǺɫɫǳȡ֣ССˡ
Уȴץסĸ֣ʼѪ
Ȼֲ£ҺοټϣҲʸȡ֡
˵ʼ
ҾʼҵŮȻʼѪʼʼ֮Ϊʼ
һһԺġ硱۶֮ǰһֱŵ˼ͻͣʵǰҵƵ£ʱͳ֮Ϊ𣿡
ȵ֮٣һ˵Ӧǻ֮٣ȫȹˣܳɾͻ֮
֮٣֮
Ժʣʵǻ֮һжٴΣ
ӣ˵أ
ŴΣ
ѿ˵Ծž֮һֱУ϶л̲ȴϣԼǣþȻ֮ʼ˵ڲŶȹĴΣΣʱ㹻ȹβ̫ѣڣʱܶˣҲں󣬴֮˵Щԭ򡣡
ǰ˵
ʣµλ֮٣ǰĴβһһνһεһֱڣڣڵλ֮Уֻ㻹δ뵽һˡ
Ŀһ뵽ǳ׹Ļ棬ʵǰ֮٣˭ƽٵģ
Ƭ񷣡Ƭ棡
ʼûв廰ֱʼǰҪ˵ĻᴥܶģһֱĲɻֻʼ˵֪ǿֵʱǻ֮׶Σ޻ʱֵ飬ҲŴǻ飬մȾһ˿Ϣ֮ʱĪֶΣգ۶ɽ˵ɾ춯أҲһȭǣһյȵȻ棬Ǹûаη壬Ϊǳһֻеһڣ˶ѡ飬ڽƽȣ
ͣһ£ʼϻ˵أкܶأǻ죬ֻһƬ죬ǻĵأҲֻһƬأǻأ棡ƬУűܣţݻţණٵĶپлϢеһֱȻϢϺܶϢ֮ΪϢϢݻȥԽԽеѾپһ˿˿ϢеڻУȴһܽ伤
˵ʼ˵㼤İʲô֮һ࣬һ̶ϣԿϢ֮
ȳʼֵҷܼ֮󣬱뾡ְ취ܵؼϢȻ󣬾˸ָʲôͼȵȣΪ˼ϢһֶΰˣȻ£ڻģʮһǻӵ㣬Ͼǻ飬Ҫȥĥ֮࣬Ѿϴӣʲô̫֮壬֮壬֮壬±ȵȣνĹ֮壬ǻǷϲ塭
ˣϲɵһо̾ͣǻжǿʼ˳е뷨ЦôҲϸ򱶰ɡ
򱶣
ϸоԼѾˣʼȴͻ˵һ䣬ԣ񻹺ءûȳʲôʼȴųϣӣ֪ΪʲôеĴڶҪƴоЩϢǻϢķ𣿡
ۣЩ֮ʵĲʣһź뵽ǿʱĻ𣬲˵Ϊ˻ţ
ߵⲽΪ˻ţΪ˼ȥ
ʲôҪǣ


2167 
ʲôҪǣ
һʲôҪǡ
Գϵ⣬ʼȴûش𣬷Ȥ˵˼ת־Ҳ൱һֽ٣ڶнٵʱȻΪزҲһ̶ȲŻӦ֮ٸˣʦ˵ߴѣҲﵽһ̶˵ĻӦҲԭ򣿡
ǰһ£ȻмֵȴЩԣر뵽ʼǰ˵뾡취Ϣﲻɸһͷѵ˵ϢǽѵĹؼǣôǿǸߴѶ˵ӦòŶԣҪǣ͵ʵǻҪģܱǻҪǿʲô
˳˼·ȥ׷ڳԺģȴǡء桱硱۶Ȼزڵأǻء
ȳ˵ڣʼ˵úܶԣҪǵģڵģǻ磡棡
Ϊʲô
翪ء޼̫е̬ûлûһУ˵һеĸһеĴԴˣԴûˣܻ֮ܲ𣿡
ԴûˣҪήҪ
ǵģߣ磻ߣҲǻ磻ҾԴҪŪ֧ȥȻܴܶ࣬ϢҲ٣ǣֱ٣ҲûܴӸϽȻ󣬾ǿʱĴģʧƽ⣬ɢԪʧرǳ䡭
ʼûоȥÿһսǣյļͼ㹻óоκˣ˼ûɢȥһһʼ˵ȥ
ѵԽԽĴʧˣڴҶеĴڶʱͻһǰ취İ취˵ؼȻˣǾٴСȻСһˣҲʱӣӲдСأҲͱ֮Ϊʱһֱĺʱ
ЩСؾǵ壬ǵȵȻɵģ
ΪĴ½һЩǳһЩָĴڣҲǻġʼ˵һ£ָǰߴѵĲ²⣬ʼ˵֮ǰòߣʱдڣֻҪǵ磬Ũһ磬ȴûм㹻֮ƥϢǻϢôֻҪصأ̫ˡ
ֲô㣬ǵҪռˡ
еģռӣҲ߲ɻһ̫߹ԼˣмֶΣڷҵһܺ󣬾½ѷ죬½͵ȡҵϢȵȣǻѾ˯״̬ټһҪʱʱ̿Ӧ棬ϾˣóѵĻȻҲӲһ٣ȴܹںܾúܾãã㲼Ǹˮһգ͵ȡȥȫʱЩҷǳá
Щ϶쳣ʣȫˣһֱʼ˵ˣΪ͵ȡҵϢȻ壬ѪծҪġ֪ӦԯҪ壬ǣԲУԯңҡ
ʼ˵ЦˣԯһǧӣҲң˵ǰڱȥն
ȲûţеСá
Ŷ
ٻص֮ǰĻҪСطӦеãܹдҪһģ֧šСصģΪǻһڣʵǿҵҲǳ⣬ģȻ֧ţҽ߾ĺұȻ󣬱½
Щипǧû뵽Լ½Ȼʼ뵽絮һڵʼ˵ǵͼ½п
ҪĴڣѾĴڣ㣬Ϊ˺ʱһ֣취Ҳ飬ȺʱӳʱĻȴֹͣˣʣµ棬ҲǿƬ񷣻ǲҲǱֽŵģò˵ǲһţ
ǲ
׽ţǸСŮʵǰǲ𣿡
˭ǿ֮𣿡
֮
óǿˮ壬ʼ˵õĿռṹֻǵһ㣬ȫ͸һ㣬̤֮֮Ҳչǰ
мô¶ӱĴڣǲʶǸֶǰ˵ģǲҲӦû𣿡
˵Ǽû˵ȫǸֶǽ˯Сڵ˯һ˯һ˯ˣʲôŪѣɱҲѲˣպٵʱ˯ˣҲãûбֱĨȥһֱ˽죬ǣѾǰˣ֮ѱ䣬϶ֻܿţĵӲôģ˯ţҲ׽Ѱɣ
ʼźЩп


2168 
ʼǰһ˵ϲ֪˹ֶ֪˹ֶΪʲô״ӵڶ֮гȥ֪˹ֶ̳ǿޱȵȴҪ
֪˺ܶ࣬ϻǲ֪Ϊʲô
ԣ˳ʼ˵һ˵˵˵ӱǸڣΪ˯ˣǲΪҪƺʱҪ׽һ£һҪŻصȻ
ЩСػپȻ
ΪأҶΪ˻ţزûζȥͬңȻǵֲһ
ڻǻ𣿡
ʼĬˣЩ˵գһ˵Ǽȥˣ֮ǰһ£ûиоġ
۾͵һ˵ǵйأ

ʼŭŭȫӰ쵽½ڴֱӷɵһߣˤΰأѨ϶ڽѪѰ뿪½ͨӣֱӱСˣ廹ϱѿǹǿϢҲţӿ־ȴ֪ǺԵʡ
ʼûҪС
һͨŭƺʼپٴ˵ʱѾЩûгΪʱһֵģ֮⣬縺ʹشΣȴǹߵģˣԣ
ߵġ
۾ޱȣǻ棬е鶼ΪŶѪսʱȴΪ˶ͬ飬ͬ͵
ˣǳΪģ
ܣһ˷ŭȴγɺʱԿסѺﾹȻˣ뽫еĻϢȫչΪʱ䣡
嵶ӣ
ϲɢɱӿǿҵɱ
úΣֱһǲһʱҪָĶСʱŷ֣֮һСأˣҲֻķʽڣǲһӦ뵽ΪսҲ£ǻ֪˯ţҵҲĶϾҴ֮أǻҪ֣Ǻ׵ġ
ʼЩ΢ˣϢƬ˵ǲҵң̹棬Ǳһ壬ǻǶΪֻҪ;ٻĿܣǵýһƬأȻ
Ȼʧˣ֮һĺʱĻϢȻ޼Ҫ߳һЩǻǲ˻ûȫãһҪάźʱӵʵޣһս֮󣬲ûɱǷˣҲ˳ȥ
ϲѾճһ
ʼֵԴʱﵨСޱȣɱǰͬһƬصͬȴǺ飻˳ȥܵҲᣬûȥˣȻȥͬĻϢǲ֮նɱȥȴ֣֮£ǲһСأشŵĲûס֣ЩܻڣͬʱҲּϢϢķ£һ˼ߣһ̶ʱνӣҲĴڡ

жٴαǲǲҲսʱһܻһ߽սֱǲɽףһսͼıǳ뽫һˣûеóѣҸ˴ˣǲ
ˮǰأ
ǲﴴģ
̶̵һ仰𺳣仰аĶԹޣ뵽ˮ׵̾Ϣ뵽ˮ׵뵽ǲʻ
ｫˮ׳֮Ϊף׵ʱѾǳʱˣһ£Ϊ춨˻
ûоʹ¼ȥתʵǰСأ
СѪȵȣԻϢģΪĴսѾ˺صˣһһˣ֧ģʱͻԡ
Сھλõģ

ϿȻ˯СڣҷӿȴϧǰͦĽС̳˯һ˯ܱúǿǿǣСڵĵȻΪڣǰСڵĵǶôôǿȴû뵽Сڵĵ˾ҪеΡʹ
֮󣬳С˵һģСڡ仰˵úܵȴĳŵΪСŮûһԸԼŮܿ࣡
ʱʼοˡ
һ󣬳ʵǰЩƣô¶
СڵʹΪ˵֧ʱģƵʹΪѰҳƺʱӦѵ飬ÿһУ̺мϢиָķƱһĴڣֻһܼҲЩдãϧ󶼱°ȥҲһճġ
ƽ


2169 ҵ棬Ϊػ
ʼôһ˵뵽Ǹ޲žĳҵʦѿ˵ʼصӦþˣȷʵǾţһ
۶ٴʵʼǰΪ˵ҵƬ֮£
Ĵ𰸣֪ȴ㣬Щ飬һȽϺãûо飬ǰ֪ˣҲû˼ûȤˡ
ʼ˵ǲȥת˵¶й˵һУ˭ҶᱻʦҲ˵õԽ࣬Խ࣬һ·񣬵Ҫʲô
֪һĴ𰸣Ҳ֪㾿Ҫʲôˡ
˵ʼֵֻһҪĻԼץסŵùŽлҪǳŲǾͽнˣȻΪֻվ˵Щǣ̭ˡ
ǣ
ʼԹԵ˵ţʱȻʱ赲סĻ𣬿α겻αûг׽ƾҺǲˣԣ˻ƣߵ֮֮֮һټֽ֮ǲ˻ԲѣҴΪʱֺķѾһЩ൱ӵĶ
ңһţ
ڶʱգѾܹ׷Դȥһˡ
δʼ£Ͼ;ȫʩչʱ䵹һֱҪһ̣ԼٳδͻһײĹâײ׶ӣԺԼ㽵ž˾ϵĽۡ
һĻϺȻ֪Լ˵ʲôֻ˼ͣ
ܸӣ𣿾һжı
ʼϻû˵ʼ˵ǻȷʵ̫Щӣµģһõ˭õ֮ܵõõʲôӣȫЩӵĳɳ᳤ʲôҶû֣Ǿ仰Ҳ̵ֽ֣ǣǳɳֻǽ̵һһ޲ԣûı㣬棬һ޶ȻԹңΪң㲻ᾭϣҲᾭôʹ࡭
ǰҲԹ
ף
ҺúõģҿܻΪһżƳ竣Ҳ竣Ҳʵǣһνһεѣġ졢ܣѪħȵȣҲһܿù˵ʲô֮£ǻЦˣ˵Сʱ򣬵ߣ׼Ҵ£Ҳúܿ֡
룬ܲǣЩ˵ô࣬壬㲢δף

һֱ㶼棬治ƽ֮£ܸңΪʲô𣿻ǸΪ棡
һ˼صΪ˻Ŷ棡
ǻţŵʲôΪʲôţ
Ϊʲôţ
Ժ˿ȥ˲両棬еζ˰ˣо䡢衢˾ͽȵֵܡѣз֪ԵȵΪԸ⸶һеļˣļң룬һõһζֿ顭
ˣζǻĺѹˣЩҵļˣҲ˶ˣҵЩŵΪԣˣɱʱеһУһеһУ֮𣡡
ӿǿҵźҲõȥҲһжҪҶţúõĻţҪػһеһУ
ƽϢǵȴ͸ޱȼᶨ˵ҵ棬Ϊػ
ʼοЦˡ
Ͻ˵ǰҿܲôΰһ˽ˣһˣԣҪػֻػģЩ
ˣӣӣǺ˵仰
صص˵ͷҲΪʲôʼǰ˵㹻ˣҪػǣҪӦԹһѣˡ
ͻأʵʼǰȥˣܲ
˱ˣܻ
ԣüȴʼ˵ǡ
ʲôϸϽ
ǲƬ£У
Ͼ׽˼飬˵ֻصҵҵȥˣ
ʼûоʹʶشת˵ҸоˣټвµЩֶΣҲ˵Щ
һ£ֵȻѾߵһʵǣ㻹ԶԶĶ֣һ棬ɱ㣬ԣҪƴʵ

ǳ䣬ڻ٣ҡѼˣԭǲô죬кܲŵʱ䣬ϧʱ飬Сƻ̫̫ټһЩأѲǰ٣ǰ˵ģѾڶȵλ֮٣ҲΪˣң㣬е飬ڶ٣ܲܿùҪܲܿù
ǻеĻʵǰҪʲô
߳½ЩСȫ磬㱻ٹһΣ˵Ǻõģ׹ǳ£ȵһУ㶼Ҫÿһ㶼Ҫ
ʼǰҼˡ
Уҵʣµ߿ƣʮſƣ½ģҲǼˡ


2170 ֮ӣԴ
ʼôһ˵˲뵽Сܹˣ»صǰģһᾡҵöơ
ӣ·ܳʱ䣬ȴˣԣɣ

ŵùңͰ½ϣͷĴػһӣ⣬֮УҲӴڣóһʱ䣬ʵ˵Ҳһ
뵽˱ȻȻŵùʼģǱգۼǼС棬õ߳硣
ʼֵҲǶá
ԶУֻЩֵǣʼǰ˺ܶ࣬Сսȵȶ£ȴûСڣСȻ˯ţС֮⣬СؽҲڳϵ
ŸۣҪֱ𣬴Ҷ᲻ãǣüޣֻԺ֮󣬴˵Ŀ⡢˼תȥʼָ·뿪½
һ뿪½󣬳ϱûʼ˵мֲ²⣬ȴûϸȥѾЩСȥͬʱֻҪЩǳ׹䣬ѭȥ
˵ÿһϢÿһ˲䣬϶ڷţԽԽƣԭԽԽǿϢҲζΪԭ򣬶Լġ
ڳ뿪½󲻾ãӺȻҵһͨ뿪½ֱȥȻܹ뿪ʼ뿪ģȻû뿪½ȴǵ½һصء
˿̣Ƕѵ˵ʼ֪ڴʲô⣬û뵽ǵļƻǳɹˣ硭ܹټȥã
Цߵʣ𣬾ǲϵǳҲѿ״Цøӿˣڵѣһα̫Զˣõǣҿ϶ܼȥʱȥģֻһˣ֮ķ⣬ֻܹˡ
֮󣬳֮УСһ֮ĵһռṹȫƽ⣬ǣϻûн֮εĶ
Ҳڵٶȥڵ״̬Ż֮٣֮ҲȲ˶೤ʱ䣻һ£ȻȽ϶࣬Ĵ۸󣬱ϾЩǳǶΣյһأѣ
ǿʱ򣬳ϻʼû˵Ĵ𰸣ĥǬ֮⣬һһȥˡ
һʱҲҪĿĵˣȴһ˻ȥģ·ʱˣҲүүסˣΪҲһЮֵĵơ
ڵĵطȻǵﲻˣڵִĿĵ֮ˣڵģȴǸӢεĹӸģǿ̶ȱӻҪǧ򱶣һֲŮ
ˣ
Һʧ
͵ع£˵𷣣
ޱ飬ŭ䣬ЦҪƵжƵᣬһ̽һץããץһѶȻһţֱӴ˵㱨ʱܲץס㿴ˡ
лˡ
ŵŤӣھʹ࣬ܣſӣ˵ûҲûϷû꣬Ҫ꣬һλᣬܲùҪ治
Ļû˵ֱӳһưԴӻԶϵ֡ţȴžһϵɢܣԼҲʧɫͬʱϵĺɫȥźɫȥɢϢӻ֮һ·˲̤֮
һӣ˵֮ӣ
Ӵϲţֿ˦ֻһĴڣ˵汾Դꡢֱءˮ磡
ֻһΣΪ֮
ģһὫϻһ
ȥɡ
ټ˵ȥ³֣Ӵ֮ӣбԴ󣬺һ˿ռԭأŹֵЦЦԶǲŴңһΣ㻹ӵסҲܾûмˡ
δ꣬Ѿʧǲȥ
һߣһǳͻظоһ󲨶ԥǳ˹ȥ¡һǳѳռ絴֮Уֳ֮ӣ̤˳
һݣ켴𣬡ӣ̫ˡ
ҵϷû꣡
˵ţԴϰΧ룬оǱ˵ϢЦһ˿δ䣬Ӽ˵ϣ벻Ѿ֮ǿɣ
ʩģǿȥ
ϵһӴ̼ˣҰܵӣľҲûǰˣߣŭҪ㹻ˡ
Ҫҵǽɣ㣬У
вУܿͻ֪
ɱʮŨһ˲䣬ȴЦҵϷʼ֮ǰ˶˵꣬ӽ˳


2171 ͳԵģ
ϣû뵽ɣ
Ц˵ģֻЦУ䣬żҪĿУϳһۣЦû뵽㻹Զ

֪ǣҿ϶ˣ
˵ţת룬ȴŭų΢ϣΪ𣿸ȥ
ڣ
֮Դŭ
һѹ£ܼ֮ɱУطȡԴŶŶѾںһ
⣬ĵƣɱУ
ϢԣϢҪŨȴֲʼǰԵĻϢĪǽ֮ϢӦˡ
ƽϳɱȴƺ˳ϱûѣڽµĻ棬ţϣҰɣҸһʹ죡
̫ˡ
ϳֱ֣ôһץֱץסƣڱץסһ˲䣬ڿЦţйʮԹޣһ˲䣬ġ
ʶأѭűȥȴȻ֣ƣ

ֵֻؼгԱ߿ϷӣӶһ£ھţſң㣬ſң
Ը
ϵԼķץ˻Ҳ뿪˳ϣҪȥʱȴожﱻ˳о߶Ǹλˡ
⡭⡭
˼ˣ֮УоҵĲģߣΪʲôΪʲôɱֻϣʮǰɱ㣬һұôǿȴɱ㣬Ϊʲô
ΪұøǿΪӲ
ģ꣬ľѪŶ˳ԣˣתۼȴûпӰ
ˣ
۾֪˸Ķ϶ٲ磬ҲǴóĶԴ˵ֱʣˣңӸҿ϶ղŵԱ½ʱĶָҪǿ౶
ǣȻвһУ
һνѣжǿ
켴ѹ£֮ӣбԴ󣬲жôǿҲֻܱһ𣬸ղʽ϶ʽ
ô¶Цݣ˵ϣ˸㣬Ů˵ĵүүϣһүүܲȻˡ
üͷһ壬Ĳ˵ĻڵףһɫݻɫһʵȻܲڲûиӦԣȷû
Ŷⶫɢ֮Ϣ˵ٺãٺʲˣŵʱ򣬳Ͼһָоⶫһ
ӿüͷȴΪԼҳ֮ĵСƵóѣ˵ϣڵˣԴת
ͳԵ𣿡
ͻһʣһʱûӦֱ죬ҵʳʳ
˵ţԴѾתϽ֮ڽ磬תȻϲû½ϣɳϻںʱڵҲǷͬСɡ
󣬳̤ȥӣ㶯𣿸վס
ҡһ֮ӣ𣬳ϽŲͣһϣ˵ϣģҲʹģĳһģ
ꡪ
һѽӵĻɫ䣬ΪϵӶˣ𣬳ǰ̤һӼ״ͷⶼס˴ط棬֮һ죬ܽǧסȻƳѵ˵ʵѾ
ټȥҡ֮ӣ죬ȴȻûܵסϣӼȣԴ֮꣡ΪԴ
תŵıԴųϹˮ»𣬻磬أ˫ֱɱԴ֮Դ︩֮˲Ϣ󣬴ǧɣգֻ߳ĳϣڱԴ֮ǰС˼£ޱ飬ֻץȥ

Դ֮ѼǸʱıԴ֮𣬳δŲδͣ˫ִԴ֮ץ˱Դֻ֮ϣ˫һ˺
Դ֮ﱻϻ˺룡
У䡣
һ飬Ҫҡ֮ӣϻؽ
ʱ豹ؽննֱն֮ӣһƽ֮࿹ȻĽ
ؽˡһնŵ·ϵʱ䡢ռȵ谭
ͬʱԴ֮ӿˮˮϽӲ񷣬أֻһȥ֮ˮ𣬶ڱԴ֮ϣԴ֮Ŀѳˡ
һɲ䣬ԴϮϼ״ȵҵǰǻ͵ţ͵øţ
Ӱ


2172 Ϊ
ӿϳ֣գ֮˫˺ѱԴ֮һ߷ñԴ֮꣬ӱԴΪ󾪲ѣղſǼԴĴɱ֮һұԴ󻹱˴һǳ󷨣ǣûп󷨶Գ˿á
Ȼǿ˾𣿡֣̿ȴûԼϰ֣ųϺԲѣԵ㣬̵Ҳ㣡
ӵĺУѾһ̤˱Դ֮ϷתۻƺӿԴ֮ѣǳϵΪǣΧסͶã
ţ
£ڱԴ֮ϣԴ֮㲻òȥͬʱԴ֮ץȥԴ֮Ѿɢ˻ϢŨЮʱ֮ײϡ
㣬
ֵס˱Դ֮Դ֮ȥ±Դ֮ҲڷһݣղŵĽ֣ѾνıԴ󣬶ǬǬ֮⡣
ԴǬ֮ĶϵɱﵾǲƬ£Ƭеӿ֮ʱ½еĻŹâ
ӼϲУЩҪǳһȭɵ˱Դ֮ĴΣˣҲû㶴ţ֮ؽײȥؽɣȴûбѣֻǶȱڡ
ƵĽҲܳɳһ
֮ȥʱӿֻ͵ر󣬾ֱһѽͷץ棬һǧɵıԴ֮ı
ɫ䣬ٲҵ飬ѪΪѪѪһȼʩչռطϣҾͲɱ㣡
Ҳɱ㡣
Դٹػˮ磬֮ꣻ֮ӣ֮
ʱǱѿŻ𺣵ıԴ֮ʧ˹ѺıԴ֮꣬ϲŵıԴ֮ŵıԴ֮ȫһĨ⣬ӵ֮ٿһ壡
üͷΪʩչطΪоԴ֮ڻΪʱһ˿쳣Ӽ״ϣȥɣ㲻Ǻϲҽͻ㣡
䣬屬һòǳӢ䣬ֻ۾¶֮෴аĿ⣬ɢ˼ΪΣյϢϸоˣȴƽޱȣһڣȴǷâ¶
ҲҲ仯𣿡
ϣɣ
Ӹ£ؽ죬⻪貣ͷնȥʱ˵ؽ飬ؽǳ⣬ȴǻص˳
Ҿ㿴ʲô
ϵҲʼ仯գۼ䣬һûצڿգӿЦϣЦˣ㻯ģ
ӵĿЦУһֻצ̶ֱֻֻֻֻ֣צʱͣһ£Цȼȴ˵צΣҿǰצ
£ֻǰһ˾ֻצҪһֻӸԼ˵һֻצЩʱؿֶһֻצ
ʮֻצ
Դˣӵ󲻹ˣ棬Ȼ֪뻯ͻһֻצģܻ˵Ǹʵ˵ʮֻצųĹϵ
Ӳ¶ˣСڵĹϵǳݵģѪιСڣСڽܵϵһ𣬶־ټһСµǸţƽʱСڳ˯ڳһ̶ϣ˵СͬΪһ壬ҲΪ
ԣܻ
𾪵鲢û꣬ΪֿʮֻצĽֺЩԾϸϸһǾֺֺֺ
ʱϵĹâ˸Ӳٿȥײȥ༸ֺֻצҺɱ
𣿡
ϵϹâʱʮɫһ䣬Ҳ嵽ǰһԾϣʮֻצ£ûܣӲȥûʲôѶȵĶط֮࣬˺ץġȵټ򵥲ƣǣЩ򵥵Ķ̺ŵȴܴݻء
ҵ֮ӣƵģ
ô
һʣɢʼѪ֮ʱӾӵĸоʮצһ£ֻһ쵽룬Ȼֹתž
ܡ
Ѫ㲻ܴ֮ӵģܣػˮ磡
кţٴιȥֱʮֻצץסһʼХͱ˺ѳ˶ʮ飬ȥɸշɳԶЩλɻҪ۳
ϣܴ֮ӣʱڣռڣʱ㣬ôƣô飿
ӿЦѣûʹñֻ˵ɢɣ
֣ӱ㷢֣Լ۲֣ŵҪŨжŨ˵ʼΪ
Ӳ֪ʼȴ֮⣬ǿһߣÿԸԼľҲһܺɱ㡣ʱҪ
ϲûгûɱϣָо쳣ӾͿҪȫۻʱͻȻסҲŤʲô棬ҪŽ


2173 ˣұ

ӷĲҽرԴ󹥻ȴȻ֣жڸԴӴʲô˭㵽Ҫʲô
ţ˶ѡ
Щ˻Ƶӵ洫ӵľָܻغƫҪ
ӷ˺ݣҪһֱԴ󣬳һݣָһӣӺȵϣ֮Σ
𣿡
䣬ڵıԴ󣬻֮ӵȵϵӿȥʱӴͱֳ֡
ϵһ֣֮ʣµ֮һӵõĲķ֮һѣĶĴڶȥ
Ȼϳ֣Ŀıûеóѣ˲Ϣ䣬ʽ΢ӣԽԽΣˣӺȥɡ
뵽֣ӿ־һӱǧ򱶣ûԼΪֻҪŴˣһܻԶԶڣôֱӵذǰܵˡ
֪ЩҲ֪ǰ滹кܶӣȴ֪Щӵ³ʳѣ
оѾʧȻع֮£˼ѪȵҾҲҪһȥ
ġ
ϴſ϶˵һ㶣ִšܡͬʱҪͬھһȥȴԼ˸գЩϢ֮ȫ硣
ӵɢ˼ȵȣӴ󺰣δȫӾͳ׵׵ʧˣʧĵطһźӰӰŤͣϢ󣬻Ϊһˡ
һ۾ȴǳʦƽ
ǳƽǰ
ƽһ㶣ʶңˣӳΪڳϣճҲǳˣϣҲŵһ˿˿Ϥζ¥еǵѪõˡ
ֻǺƽ֣ƽ͸һЩ˿˵һѶֱó϶ѣľɣ
ˣ˵ô࣬ûлл㣬Ҫȣֻ¾ĻữɱԴ֮һˡƽ˵ϵʣ㲻ȳϳʣԼ˵Դ뿪ңȥ½ȴľԼ˵һ顣
ԭˣǰ֪Ļںδ
ƽҡҡͷ˯̫ãܶ඼֪˵һ˵ϴ˵һ飬ƽһ˼˵㽫õĻȫ͸оһ»ʲôȱݣȱȥӦûջ񣬶ң͸֮ӦûĳָӦ
ллǰָ㡣
̬ȺǫûΪԼʵǿͶԳƽڼһ֮࣬ˣһǳԼĶ̴ԸʹȻƽǾߵҲ˲
ʲôлģǳˣֻû뵽ҾȻôһãܺãˣϣҪʲô
ǳСأȻ֮١ǰأ
ҵȥˣڵʵ̫㲻ˣ
ƽûŭеȴţֻҪʱ䣬һܺɱһв߶ƽǰǲҲʼǰһӣ뵽⣬һת˵ǰҪȥ½ʼǰа취̵ʱڱǿϹҲ½ȥң½ҲǾս֮أ
ãˣԼСģ˸оΣգ
ƽ˵꣬ɴתˣóһ£󣬳Цأһսǻ˲أŲ˷ѵԭ򣬳ϽЩصƬɨ硣
ʳȫ󣬳ϵѾܹȥϲһһĴ½Ҳð˳ԽԽḻָÿ춼ڵȻеҲ
ɨ飬һ⣬ڵĴ½ȻԽԽ࣬ɲʱһ½һأеĴ½ͬһƬС
ʼǰ˵翪ʱֻһأڵһأѵ
µԼôҪĴʲôȻǸ²⣬֮еĵΪҪ󣬿ɳûа
󣬳ϸӷͬʱĥŻƣԱҵʣµ߿飬ʱҴҹͻȻһ죬ϻһǲ֮ȻѿĶǶ磬ûڡ
üͷ壬һṳ֮֮̂ôᷢ˱仯Īǲǰ뵽ϿǸޱȵĿռṹУһڲͣ
ͷתϺԥָķȥ֮УǸ飬ԶȻ˹Ӵգѭų϶
һߣվڲУǧǳ˸˵ǲ㻹ģ
ˣұˡ
ǲ˵˿̵ǲɲʲôСŮģʮһˣɢױȵĸ߹Цôأ˵Ļ˭ؿ棿˭磿
ԣǲӱ䣬Щǳ˸
ȴЦǲȻˣҿԸһ·ΪؿİҪ֣Ըʼ


2174 ү
׵ʱǲϵɱŨ֣ȴЦøˣǲǰģҲǰ׵ģֻΪҵԭమȴһ𣬲ҿŵֶԸʼ³֮ҿ׸ʱǱһҪʲôҶǡ
Ԥ׵أֹͣ˸ЩǳȻ䱬ѿҲƽǰ㱬˷еĺȥֻһЦǰͲҵĶ֣УˣʵȴһֱûֹͣϢѾŨĵزǰֻǿأѲðɣ״̬ǻָˣǽ⣬аɣľ֮£ôҵĶأ
һ£ҲʲôЩѵǳͻؾֹˣԵľֹЩǿк¡ѵҲͣǲ״һ쳣鶼ûУЦҵʵ֤ˣʼĹϵͻȻ֣ǷʤʮþȣңĿĲƶؿ۴һ˵ҶõѡѡеǸСӡ
˵ЦݣñζʱЩԾֹıǳкƺܣԤ׵ضһ˲ʲôûʲôôһ£ȴֺǾݻ
һ£ת˲ָֻޱȵ˵أǲȻƣ֮ݻأΪô£ἳȡһѵ벻㻹ڤ粻飬ѵˣھԵʵǰκƶû𣿡
һţʱոγɵؾͳһѷ죬ĴӣƣҲգۼĹ򣻺أǲӰһһȴŨŨǹĶȥ
ûõģ
ֱץȥ˵е˱ǳĹݱ䣬֮壬Ǭ֮⣬Ҫһֻܻܻ֮ǸСӵõİɣ
ʾ䣬ȴǿ϶ޱȣͬʱ֣˵ĻϢɢȥǸٱڽڱѣǲһ̾Ϣʵ̫ǿˣǲ֮ǰ֮Իǲԡ
ǲ֮ΪóõһЩô˿̵ĳϵȻĶ֣ǣǲ϶ﲻôϣôҲҪȵ̤ܻ֮֮󣬲Ż֡
һ֣ǲЩȷóϴ˿֣֮̾ϣʼϣЩʱеͬĽ
ȻǲҪֹҲֹˡ
ʲôֶΣһʹ
˵ǲĬֵȻ˵ҾͰ룬ܾû˵ҲܾûжˣЩ
Ҫ֣ȴǿ˵ǲԮˣҲһ˭ʼ֧źʱ룬ܸϹʼĻӦþǸճСӰɣ
Ҳµ𰸡
һֱûô˵ǲƮƮ˵仰Ц仯ŵҲµһὫ𰸳ȥ˵أ
ʱӰ֣
һۣϿǲ˵ǲǰ

ǲ΢΢ͷԱߵȤؿųϣΪһӦÿǲͷΪ֮Уϻм˼
ʵϸͲŽǲԵһȻǿǲˣüΪǲǲСŮӣ
󣬳תӣһ˲䣬ϱһӱüΪָﾪۣƯŮιŮʲô֣жͣסзûУԣôƯŮˣӦ㻹ǴŮ𣿶ˣһҪ⣬ǱΪأһĶģ
ۡ
ޱȵǲ͵ЦЦҲһ£ӡУӦһٴеģɳϾȻ⣬˵ЩȻЩŭǲˬˣ
ǲǵѡӵ𣿡
ͿǰɣϲĻҿԸǣ߰
ǲ仰˵סˣʶǲ𣬾ʹûǲʲôЦ벻ǲȻЦˣ켴Цӵһֵ̣ŮүЦүͣ
ϵĻ˵꣬ЦҲպϣǲЦͳһǳԴʯȥ˵ӺˣǳԴʯܶܶ֬ˮˡ
ĲˬһۼӣӳһЩŭ𣬵ȴǳԴʯһ鶯˵Щ֮ҲһЩ΢ĻϢˣأһӣʱŸζǵҪҵҪԣͻ湼һ⡣
˵ţץȥϴӸ·ʼһֱڵͬǿʱǬһ𱬷״˵ֲ֮ܽӡԴô͸£ԭϧ
˵ϧʱ򣬳ϷԼЧۿϾҪץסϴ󺰣ֶŮˡ


2175 Ҫһ
£ָ˲䣬ͻʧˣȡ֮ȴһȻֱײʱֱײȥҲȥղűָǣסʱգҲ˱仯ڡ
һĻȷʵԤϡ
ľһ̲ˣȻҲ˳Բʱݱ׼׼ҲΪϣΪСڡ
ӴȥϢֻ֪ɰýȻﻹǷԼ׼òϾȻŪ

ֶȴûͣţײȥҲûţ󹥻ɱȥǲҲˣǿкسһֲ¡
￴ųǵĶһЦˣǲھҪıĪԶ˯Ķùң̫ˣǰһȺСѡ
˵ţһ˦֣оͳһԲ̨̨󣬿۳գʱ䵹̨֮ϡ
ҪǣԲ̨ŻϢ
˫ֱǲĲ£Գ˵һ֡ȭٴײһײ˲䣬ſ죬Ҫָҧһ
䣡
һ죬ֱ񷣬ʱ©һ飬ֶﵽսĿ꣬ҧһָĴȴǷǳԴĵѪģҲһɾҲдĿĵѺۡ
Ψһ˯𣿾ȻҺսǾԼ˯ˣȻˣҲΪؿһֹװɣ
Ҫ֣ǡʱǲ£¹ǧǳǣһչ⣬һƬ񷣬ЩǲѪѣɫ԰׵ˣֱСҪСŮ
ͻ˫۱̵ʹ۽Ҳһ˿ѪȴҲһ˿˵ŭˡһţһһǲйȫ˽ȥ˲ʹӾκ˱˷ƽ˾
ʱ䣬ƿµʱսٶȣֶȥ۾һݣ˵˵ûõģҵĻʼҪ࣬ҪŨ
ߣǲĶ֣ס
ǲֶǽָ˳ϣڽҪùֶϽȥֶȴǾܾˣѪ³һ֣ߣ
Ҫһߡ
ϴ˵ǲս֮Ҫˣ۳һ棬϶Ҫǲʱȣ˭߲ˣ
ţֵ̤ǲȻ㲻ҺҲΪҵһ̲˰ɣͷˣ
ⷬǶǲ˵ģѾֶȥֶһ𣬵סƣסʹһ൲ҲǲС
зУǻϢйѹסΪһֻ磬ˣϻҲǰеѡȫͬĲ
ȫĶ硭
ƴţţ硱ٱ֮һʱǡ硱ȴǡǬ֮⡱ʱһֻȻʵĸоǬ֮⣬Ǭ֮ʼǬ֮գǬ֮Դǻ𣿡
ˣɳȻı䲻µľƣһʱȴоλ֮ԽԽŨˣֶͳϵѪⶼڱѷɢ
ɱǣʼʲôҶ
ͻһȴС۾˲䣬СڻָʮɫâϮؿڣо쳣ȴǱСҧסͬʱһʽββűŮ˻Ҫĵϣʱһ˿ں֡

֮ӿСֱӱɿȥСڵȴҧһѪ⣬￴СڣŭϲʼѪ̫ˣʮצʮɫצʮֺһõĲˣǣʼؿ棬ǰٷ֮һٵˡ
ЦȥСڲûסӣǡһصԲ̨ϣʱ̨СӲҳһѷ죬񷣬¶գСѾڽѪûͣ£һǲϣйֶѷ촩ȥֻצץһ̨켴̨ѪⶼϣϸϽųԸ˿̻ûջȥԣһ
һϵеĶգۼ䷢Сߣȴһ㶼ģվԭ˵ӵȥأƬ񷣬棬ҵƿ֮¡
£ѿ̨ѾȫԭԷɿٶչȥʲôĿռ䣬ʲôʱ䣬ס̨չգۼչ˳ǵ󣬽ߣʱпٴδ̨֮С
ǲ˵ȥ½ʼԽĵطƿؾԽ˵ţ˳Ŀƣȴ뿪֮Ѽġ
һƱֻö
С½ȥϽӹƣֽǲ磬ڷŷ츲صı仯λ֮ٵǿƣѾ£ϱţҪѹֶҲս磬ǣֶȴҡҡͷ
۾˯Ըоһε˯ͬҪ˹ֶԣǿ룬ϵӰȴʧˡ
ţ϶һҵ˯У


2176 һΣ
ҵ˯С
仰ʵֶ㣿
ҵѵʱ仹˯ʱǧ֮һԣģȷʵս˯Ρ
ŹֶĻϲ뵽˾ͽ˾ͽҲΣʶ˾ͽҲǴ棬ϱܿ϶˾ͽõǸֶйأҲˣΪʲôǬԴʦ˵˾ͽֻ֮һǬڵӡ
ֶţԸΪô£ôĻټԸȵȣҲƬ֮£ǿ㻹пãԣŻС
Ҹô
ҪģһΣҸһΣ
£ϷԼߵĻˣһƬأһƬأؼ䣬ŨĻиָûмĶȴܿ͸Щ඼漲תƽ⡢гȱݣҲԽԽ٣ٵһһѾȫʧֵĶ֮١
֪תٻ棬ϿһʧǰֳģտҲɻ滹תҲʧ
Ѿ˲²⣬Ȼεĳ棬ޱȣӱ˵ż￴󱮣зպػЩۼȵȣɶ٣еޣ
̫޼ڻԭ浮̣׷Դ磡ֶΣҳ͸磿
Īأ𲻰ĸоֶǻ֮ǰĻ棬ɲģȻһΣξһ㣬˵׼ùֶˡ
ԤûдֶΣӳڵ˯Ļδеһ
֮ԹֶܹóΣΪֶ˯˯ľ׷Դһ㣬˹ֶԼ֮⣬û֪
Ҳܻڣ
ϼŻ棬ϸϸţֶܹ϶ԻʱΪξʱȴһתΪ磬ڱ仯ţȱ仯ֹͣʱǰһӰȴԼ
ϱ㿴Լһն
ʱ濪֣޼̫ܣ
һһĻ棬ֺ֮ǰ෴˳ݻͬǣһεݻǡϡݣһУǡϡģ
⡭
Ժ⼱ٽ֮ǰĴ󺰴У֪ԼΪʲôƬ֮£Ϊǻ磬Ϊ֮
֪ԼΪʲôл֮٣ΪҪ磬ؿ棡
֪ʼΪʲôҪóҵ棬Ϊػ֪ԼҪΪõôĻĴۡ
ôôɿɿ
Ȳ˵ؿ񷣬֮٣п׻
ǣûѡ
ҪػסˡˡˡԵȵһУ͵Ҫ棬أ棬Ǭ
أԺбһ磬뵽ԼʼɲԸȥĴʱʼǰ˵һ仰ǲƬ£У
뵽ЩˣˣƬ£ҪֻܻһУֻؿ棬Ǹ
ϻˣǬ⣬Ǹսʱʦ˵ǾǬ֮⣬ʵǼٵǬ֮⣡
ͷǸޱȵĿ꣬ȴûܽס֮ӿͣػ֮ļᶨִţξУһһǻֺξ壡ؿҽˣƶ
£ξʧֻصСڵıϣ֮ǰӴޱȵ˿ȻʧһСţϴ󺰵ֶ
ԺͲþѹס
ɵԼ˯ȥģ
˯ȥˣﲻ˯Ҳ˯綼˯ȥһΣҿ㻹˳ۣﲻ˳ۣԣҪɱΪұ𣡡
ֶҴӦ㣬һɱȻֱ𣡡
˵ҪŽȴܾˣ˵㻹ҪǸΣ˵һܼ˯
һģһģ
ϼ˵ţȴ͵ص˳ȥ֣֮Σ
ʱըΧǳ˿ȥ̨չҲֹͣˣһ̨ըóϣֶȴ׵ʧˣ
𡪡
ǫֱ̃̄˼飬ǱߵһףӰСѪ磬ѪǺɫʮɫ
ٶȶȻӿ죬½
֮󣬳侲ڻĶ֣ƴɱϣֻǳΪһ̲ˣ϶ԶϴɾĲӣ
Сӣܵ𣿡
׷ȥַʱգǣ³ʮɫѪСڣȴΪЦţ䣬Ҳûطóϻص½طһʩٶȹȻܿ죬תۼҪ׷ϳϣɾʱ﷢仯ʼҶҳ֣
һɲǣСԶȥˣɾʱǳȻһԶȫȴǵλ֮ٵ۷壡


2177 һ
ʼˣǰȫع飬ǣʼϾ˲ƣѾǿʼҲֻӣȻų󣬻˵ʼڵ㣬סңҪΪ¼ҹˣ
˵ȴû֣ҪӦǳӵ㼸һֱ˯˳ʲô
׷ɱֻѴһ棬һ棬֮ٴ۷壬ȴǳ£ϴ˿̻ŹֶΣŹֶŹֶԸ
侲ޱȣ
һͷµǳ˵Ҿǳ
ϣһȭ
һȭں֮ǾκǿʱǬ֮ǰ͸⵽Ǭ֮⣬
ν˳ĿǰУ
䣡
ϵȭͷûֱӺǳϣǺǳģ˷ǳ׹֮ƣͣͣΧųȭת
״΢һݣЦȻٶĻСӣСҲݴ˶ԻһЩҲиĶҲǵģЩҪǸңؿͽһҲûϵһҴٻҲһҪֹǳֹ˶أһȭƴܺȭأ
ʵϣһȭֻܺһȭ󲿷ֵǳԳĹתʱȫſЦһͣűϢ˵ȫһڳԵ
ȷʵˣϴһʼľͲҪֹǳҪǣһȫ̵ǸľٶﶼΪ֮һĵز
ûгû̵ֻ֣£
ϵȻǺ̵ģǳת֮ըĿռṹȻϻû֮İ£ѾܹǸεĿռṹһ̶ϼԸĶ
ǳ˳Źת˳ϵڿռ䣬һ룬Ӿ;ҲǴһѪϵ磬ܲסǳ֮ܡ
ЦˣȴûлڼӿǳĽ룬ǳѨҲתֵһȻǲУǳŽһѡ
޴ѹ֮£Լľһѿֱʧʧڶˮ֮١֮ٵȵʱʧһǻʧܹܣڣظоЩٲܣٲ档
תۼ䣬ȫʧˡ
ʱ򣬳Ϻصԭ㣬ް羭ʲôǬתʲôǬʲôٶȡʧ
ȫ٣ֻǸտʼ㽫ٹǻĻ磡
˵ͻ״϶ٶңЩ޴룬ǣϻǰ侲쳣ûУֻˣ͸ûо
˵仰ʱԺֵ︡󱮡ػεЩе޵Ļ棬ǳѨʧȴܹ⻯ʱػĻ棬ϼ޲ûУУҪľľ
ųϽ仰˵棬˲ǧдСгж̣£ʵڳ档
˫΢΢𣬡ѡеˣе㱾£У֪УûиûԴģ޸֮кã
ҾǸҾԴ
˵žͬʱڿЩռṹ֮ȻһȣС󣡡
£ŮģСһԾԾǿ֮ѺĿռṹУ֮һ𣬿˵СǸռṹĻ꣬ǶҲ˵ռṹСһ֣棡
СѵĿռṹԭСƬУøǿܸܳʱǳѾת֮
ڵľزһѾ֪жϳ飬ʵȴǳþѨϣ½
úܼ򵥣Ҫͨ½һٽʱ֮ǳ¡񷣬ԭеǬ
ϵɫѲ԰׵˻ҪˣѪȻͣشӳȴûнһһظڳϣѪһָôʱڵ½ȫ˲䣬ѪڻڣѪһ½ˣ
ͬʱǳȫŹ磬֮Уһǳڣſʼһǳ½úʱóϵģ֮
Цţһڳ¸ӣͲ±ҭͻһüͷȴоʼȱǿ˲١
ʼ״̬ڴʱǿ￴ϣѵСʲôֽţҪǵĻҿɾ͸Ȥˡ
ߣҲһףΪЩǳʱͻأرƣһ㶣ϲ˾ϲһ£ʮ˿ƣڣͻһˣ


2178 һ
Ʊһ˲䣬ͬˮУڵһʱ磬Ƶļ룬籩࣬沨Ϣ໥Ӧǽ˳ϲٵɻӵӦ֣ҵһƣҪһʵı仯
ڴ֮䣬ǳѾԽԽ࣬ϵϢʼɢ֮ϢʱյǳУס͸
ףЩ֮ɣɵˮɣ־ÿһһξµĻ֮⣬ֶǸΣû
λ֮٣ӦþĹ˰ɣ
ϴȷŵ˵̧ͷϣȻڶӾңһݣŲ֮٣εߴΣȫһ
￴Ŵеĳϣһ񣬳ϱĻҪ񣬵עﶯɱڸտʼʲô״̬ʲôͼȵȣһɨ֪ʮ֮˾ţʱ﷢ֳԽԽģЩ͸
ϵʲôӣ㲻ȫףʼַܾͨʽӣҲ̫
ɺʵǣϱǿˣһٶȱǿţ
֮٣ǽ٣ǡ
ţɱŨӿһֵĸоǲܽϸնɱڴˣǳϾͻΪ谭Ƕ֣뵽֡۶ﾹЩɳ죬£ȴһ궼ͳΪĶ֡
ʱ·ϵĺȺһһĲˣֱϣͬʱƵ֮󣬲гһ£
ã
һȣֱӽǿĲ̽磬ͬʱСһХ쳹أɢ¹£һͣ켴бѵԲϴ
ʱǰ˵Ļһ׹εߴλ֮ô󲿷ֻСڵãЦСڣһɱ֮٣
𡪡
СӦųһϣ۾Ѿгһ죬Ҳһֱע￴Ѿģ壬Ҳɽֵģ˵ùֶ߹ɴ˿̵ʵϾ
⣬ϵľѨݻ½֮󣬲ûֹͣǼݻźʱеСأѾܹ磬ν˲ϢǧƬ쿪ȥ
תۼ䣬СѾԶֻСһȴʩչˡ¡֪ģЩ仯ʼѪСʩչһУȳǿϾֱѺۣǡʱһȭһȭȺǳһȭҪ
䣡
¹ⱻһ˿棬£ҲޱȣɾڳȭͷʱǱͻһֹȦȴ±Բ£ǡòõؽϵָԲµС
ﲻٿʲô鷢ô˻ҪСȻԲӦĵطȴһƬ죬¶ȸߵˣ˲㽫ЩСظٻ٣գԲ¿Ϲ
⣬¶˿߾ȣתһЦҲٶԳ϶֡
ա£һ֣һûͬʱͬʱڣաµĿٿҲţЩСлڵ飬һضһ׵ĳټϴزϵ𵴣鶼־û˹ȥ
ǣֱԲסĳϣܵЩһУȴûа㾪ȣͼˣֻǵ˵ܾúܾǰҾ룬߽ܲõ֮ܣ죬ỹҵǰõģѾ֮ܣա
ڽԲܾ֮ܵ̽磬СҲƴƻԲ£Բջ໥Ӧţ֮ľԽԽˡ
ΪΪڵҲ֮Ǻ϶ΪһΪ̫ǣô׾أ
˵ȵңң
Բ¶˿˿̫ܣҲ֮ԲնȻҲҪڣǰһĹģ޹ɵĽ滥ֻ˵һ㣬Բºˣ˵ûᡣ
һеĳϣĴҲ൱ѪֱӱȥѪɣȴǲܲˣȻͣʩչšҡ۵
СҲմȾϢһ֣
͵컻գ
ʹһУϵĲһսֵȥյһٶΪ𺳣Ӵպ˵Ǳˮн
ɳִŵؽţͬʱҲʱ̽£ҪµĽṹɵŪף״֡Ҷˮһ
ȷʵġֻǸӣȳϼӵǳͼӵľͨǱ˿ڵҪӣ
ңⷽĥ࣬ĥµġֳһͬʱĥټСƴ˻ʹóڼʱڣ˲ٳ
Ȼ󣬳ϼؽһһǡ⡪֡룡


2179 
˵롱Ҳһ似Ǳǳյ似ֻ似ʼɱ׹ģڣȴʽ£
ӵħ޵ĹһµĹҲһ
ܷ֮
ϳؽն£룬ƣն
롱֮һʱȴҲնȥһûȫŪ֮ҲȷʵնһӦգȻֱϣԡչУȫȼȼյĲϣɲѪ⣬ųϵ磬ϵľһжڱȼš
˵ŷһ룬Ѿ㹻óϽָֻųˣؽһ˲䣬ֱӽһ£ץģ˲仯
ȱܵӰ죬ҡҡ׹ϳٶȣȴˣȻһˣǡʱСһʮצڰϣѺ۸࣬צδջأһţѾ¸ҧС
СڴΣѹڣһֱƴɱ˾޴Ĵۣˣˣ£Ѷȡ
ϵеҲ̫˳Ϊ̫֮ǿ̫üͷһºĽϵջȫͬʱѾɵǳ¶תǶȥ֮䣬Щ֮Ա١
İ£óڽУžҪСڸգһȣ͵컻գ
һΣȴԡաաϽ̫ȥգһʼϻʹꡱûзȻڻţϿ
ȻôԸⰴҾһ㡣
˲䣬ϴ̫ײ֮Уվֳַһܣȼ̫ô֮Сںݺݵһտ¾ս֮ء
ţ̤գһĨȣһ˿ԥСڸɵµĻ棬ﲻٵˣҪ̤ȥһȴԼ̶
ȣʼûõģסңңαҪң㲻Ҫ磬ؿԸʵˣ
ûлеֻǸҵĹ½ϵʼǰҲƴҪסʱ˳ϣΪˣ½ϵǲĻҲñѺۡ
½ĻҲãͲ²٣ʱһʼҲԶţãһ۳ϣϣܹϸסһʱ䣬鷳Ҷʱ䡣
ߣ֮Ѿջٵգ߽棬һȣҽ£Էɶ˻̬ոװ˽ȥвûгֳϵӰеȻֻջ档
δȫ¸СڣѾܲ˵ؽϱϣƴ½ȥ￴÷ǳżȴƵʼ֮һĴۣ£븶̫ۣؿ档
ˣֻܿСںͳԽԽԶֿһۺȴ˵ܵԶҳô˻ʼˣǺҲͷˡ
СڱռѭСҲСڵԶȥ׵ڰ֮Уǣڰ֮ӿǶΪĩʱ٣
ղôñģСڵۣһƬһƬ䣬ٹѪ⣬ѾǣСڻƴܣ˼ҲУ̺вĹյķ֮£Ҳʼˡ
ϼ²һΪ̫ǿܷ֮յҲ֮Щ½ϳ顣
½ȷʵ飬ȴǺĻģвѪԹȥټ֮ʼˣ½ҲӰ죬ˣϵõ֮֮һǣһȫȵҲܵӰ졣
ϻ۱Ź⣬Щ棬һӰУ鶼ܿüϿ˵֪ѾʶӦҲԣҪǵİҪǵҪǵ
ʵò˵ĻЩĶȻſȨһȥЩȻУǣûǲҪġ
ңң
ÿһУХֻ֮ǺӵķޡɽˮȵȵǸ½ѾĴ½
һʱ䣬ŨŨģ֮ϰΧ֮ȥϴ̫ȴǽռϷ磬Ҫոȡ
ȡḶ́ҲһͣܵˣԽԽأؽѾնȥݻڳϵǬͬʱײ֮Уް̫ͣںһ
䣬ձѣ
̫֮ʱ͵ط֣һˣӽЩˣˣ˴ӭ㳤תۼʹӤ˳ˡ
ƺת֮Σ⣬һ̣ͻʼ׷ɱ˵øСӣȻնˣ㲻ˣ
ҪȻ𹥻ʱǰͻȻӰһ㶣ɫ䣬ǡ


2180 ų
׷ų϶ȥӰȻɫ䣬ȵ˵ǡֺ󣬱˵ĻӰȴǿ˿ڣ㻹ʶ
硭
ǧôңҺεºܵǵĴ磿챳һԺôǻԹʱٻԹʱһ˲䣬ֳľǸ棬Ҷԣǻþһ˲䣡
ҡ
һӰվԭһһӰ˵֪Ϊ˻ţΪܴǸлûаҵһƣҲ϶ǳл
硭
ʵӦúúýһģΪ죬ұ׼Ҫȥƣ㱣ϧ̫ļˣôһ˲䶼鲻ˡ
˵ǳƽ˵һûκιϵһɫȴǱֱ䣬ڴ֮䣬ϺСѾʧǰ
˵ʵϿӰҲһ㶣һ۾ϳӰɥ˲ʱꡣ
ȻûĶԻǣһɫӣȴǿǻﻹΪȣû뵽־µģ˴꣬ҲֲɥӲǵĴڡ
󣬳óţ̽عͨһ£ΪȻǽǸŰ£½ǲĻ赲вУ治֪һͨϵˡ
԰£̧ͷȥŴλ֮ٺǲ񷻹ھҶţһӾͺȻµƣЩȻڻ֮С
ʱͣȷʵЩΣգ˵ΣձҪϲ٣ټϴ˿̵ľƻǰȣԣϷ˴ţһȥ
ϵûþоյش½ͬʱҲֳλֳľлع˿ѾȫʧӰĳϣλֳĿģ켴Цˡ
Ҫؿˣѵʱˣˣλֳһѣֿӹսˣ۸ʵȷʵǲµһˣһҪ˵ƾ仰ʹ飬Ĵ𣬺ڵΪǾԲܵ顣
ʵϣЦһ̣ʹӾ˳˵硢磬ûõģһóˣһɱ½ϣǻӵ𣿡
ڣΪ㻹ɱùȥ𣿡
һЦε˵ǣ̫ˣĪ˵ڵʵʮһǻָ۷״̬ͬҵĶ֡
ں£Ǻ͵һ£ԣӦ˵ųʵǿı滹͸ųԣˣؿ棬룡
۾ޱȣһȭֱȥճȭƬӲҳһȻʵ磬ų𣿡
ǸЦˣ㲻ųǿƬƵòƵĲ񷣬Ѿһܱ㲻ųʲôŽų統ԴҶӦԵǰ㲻˲ӣ¸ԣǲžͲųûǿģˣųͻЪ˹ķ賤
ⷬѾŨɱлĪķȻڷԼųﷴʵڣ˭ܱǿ
ϣ
ҪǱǿղžͲˣųɣ
ΪųߵΪҪøǿ
ڲҲøǿųҾųҲ׵ɱǣ
һЦܾǰǾӦûˣҪһ˿ִҲѹ֪ҵִʲôҾ뿴𣬿һгɿգ㣬˻磡㣬ؿ棡
䣡
һȭȥλֳѪ˳ȥɱϣﻹ˭˵ؿ棿ǲµһˣҿˣ˭ܿ
㿪ˣΪһģһһųעҪܣ
Щ۶е룬ֱģŭҲܵģҪ磬Ҫɱǣ
ɱйһ˲䣬λֳȴʧˣ˫һݣһȥը𣬻жһЩѪȻ˱˵ˡ
ǡʱ𣬡½Һϣ׷ɱ½ϲ˿״̬ս
ţҲͣסȥɱУϾ粻֮ǰ˵Ůˣȫںġųһʣȣ˼ҲЩҡ
״̬ɱ½ϣȷʵ棬ܴʼϵһˣҲҪ൱Ĵۣʣµʵؿ棬ǻġ
֮ĸϵʵǿҲģһ
˵ô˵ﻹǴƻϥ£ԼҪָ״̬˵þ˷Ӷ೤ʱأҾͲţ֮ͻñǿ˵ųǳ綼Ҫģ
½ϣħҲˣ˿̣ħվڳϵǰŵģһƣһƣ


2181 һǶ
ħʲôطҵģϾϲħػش½ʱ·һðõġ
ϣ
һ£ĳƫƧһȺ˳˵ȥһߣô¶

ħ۾ˣ½һʱ䣬Ѿ֪˵ʦƽŵϢ֪ƽʦǱϾȵģе˷ܡԲ˵
ϸûнǸ·˵ĿǰҪǱǿӦԻ֮٣ӦûæŽһڽ磬ǹͨں˵ʼǰ
㽫ƷŽȥȻܿˡ
ʼǳȻǸղΪ˽Ӧǣ˺ܴھʮſڽ硣
䣬仯һǰ翴һŻƶŻƶѾѿʳ٣ϳȥ١
ϲ羿һֻãٽѾʣҲýأ棬ǻ֮Ķˡ
ϢŨҾʮſϢޱسڳԺЩϢںޱȵӴ󣬿ڳȴо뷨ȵóϻΪ򣬼
һǶ
ţƽʧӰɢ˼ΪŨ֮Ϣʱյ⣬Ҳǳ͸ǲСڣؽСȵȣ档
ͬһ˲䣬ŵҲһЩȴƶϸоȥľһһʮצ
ʼ
Ժи֣ϱӰʧٴγʱǰһ̬СڶΪƵʼûгôôư磬ôȻ¡
Ͽήң⣬ϻֻʮɳʼһУȻǼ򵥵󣬰ණҪ˾ʮſƣϻǿ͸
ʼǰ
Сأ
ϽСǲһȡʼСץȥУ¶飬ӣˡ

Сڻһֹ֣סؿˣӿԵ
ʼοЦˣʣʱ䲻ˣҪ˶ñ̬ܵԣҪץһʱ䣡˵ţʼ³һӣӲҲȭͷǰ㣬ʼ³ӣǽһЩѪɫ̶ٱɫϼ״˲ʼҪʲô
ˡ
СڵȻζʲôãڼԼףֱС˺˵Ҳôġ
ɵӣ㽫ΪԽ׵ʼʮצʮֺʮɫԲ
ҲҪ
ӣˣͻһϣҪǲǾʲôϣûˣңⲻһμ棬ǻмĻᡣ
ʼ˵仰ʱ˳һۣصص˵ͷСŻŸӵӹӣȥʱʼǲ˵飬Ͱˡ
ߣһ㡣
ûٶ˵һ䣬ʼͷ󣬶ų˵ӣ
̤Уǲ¶һĨˣȻޱȣڳȴһֱ·ͨʼվʼǰʱʼʵӣЩ𣿡
ˡ
ǵ˵Ǿ仰𣿡
ҵ棬Ϊػ
ǰػʼпڸпػµƬ棬켴ֵԸǲѵģΪųӣֻҪǿųѿˣѵ磬ؿ棬ôôǶ֪һжҪԼȥԣȥڵĻȻͦǿĻ硭
ʼ˵࣬µ˼ȵȣ֮˳ϣ˵󣬲ȳʲôʾʼͻȻˣ˲˳ϵ档
ЩȣѾоԼڱǿڱǿоʼʧʼ˵ĳϣסȭͷһԲֻȭͷյʲôյ棬ػĳŵ˵ϣ
κ󣬳Ҳоʼһ˿һڣ˫ۣ㽫ʱһпжԶǧٸ½֮⣬ţģһǿʵоȻ
Сڻǿʼ顣
ǲȴߵǰ˵ҪһƿѪ
ûȥǲҪȥʲôҲûκλɣԥطųѪǲݹǸƿװǲ˵˷óϽƽԯ䡢衢ƽӡλֳζܿȻȵȫǲԳ˵״̬ɣܵǿʵҪˡ
ʱȻǺѵʱ򣬳ϥСԣ⣬硢ؿ⣡
ǱߣǲǽϵѪýÿһΣѪմȾ΢΢ĻϢŨȻλֳţǲ¹ôһԼҲС
֮ʱ粻ͬһϢ꣬Ȼ澭£ʵ棬ѹۣ˫ֱ½


2182 
ˣȫָ״̬۷״̬۾ɲǣƬ񷶼ɲһȻбܿƣоЦ񷶼ңʼǲǻΣ
Ҷȹ죬Ƕȹ˶أǧꣿꣿûõģ
۾ţţӰֻһһ֣վ½ǲĻǰִţ˵ĻȷʵǺöҪûĻ滹ֲ֧ôã㲻ȥ֧ˣһսİɡ
£ȴǺ¡һս
½ϣɽѺˮݣ걩ʵ˻ħ޵ȵ飬ŵЩǣҲ³һѪɫ԰ס
ĵĳϡǲҲѣڵʱգʼѡ
ˣ
û˵е۾ʾ˼Ͻʱȼս⣬תͷȥСڻʱڶ£
ʱеʱȫһֱϮСڣһץǶȥ켴Ӱһʱ䷢֣ЦóˣһΪҪһأ
Ϊһӣһӣųһӣ
ɱ㣬㹻ˣ
ﲻǸϾᣬһԴ⣬Ѿ㹻ǿӦǰǰʧ̬ҲΪͻλֳԭڣֻҪĿУ˵֮䣬ƵĻ£ʱһ

΢΢һͣȴ½ʼģ𣬲˱ˣֺһ
󣬡ӳӳ
棬ǲҲûţԼʩչһطǱ߱סĳ壬ȴһ㶣˵ޱȵϤȴڰ׼ҴȻһĶȴһ
ȷʵǴɳϴȴʱ񷣬򣬻üͷ
һӳϵ˳ϱúǿȻʵɱ֮ǰѾǿ̫ࣻоĻ˱仯ϤУһİ
ʼôˣ
Щ²⣬ȴ˵ֵ˻úǿҲ˶ѡ
£һȭ£һȭҪֱӻĻȻȭͷ˲䣬ǲĻȴȻʧˣһ㶣̤ȥ
˿̣ѾٴȣǡȴûʧΪϺڡ·ڡգҲڡ
ĻʧǲΪʧĻٴγֵʱȴһ·ζϣƽϣԯϣϡ
һǲȴ˵ϣ¶ѪðеѪȫʼУȾСȻʼ飬ֻצѾʮֺֻʣֻצ
ǰ
һ˻ǲϢ΢˵ˣȥɣ
ʱ˿̣˵ʲôǶ඼˷ѣ壬һϹ̤ʧȥĻ½ԼٶȻΪʱĵ½ʱʼˡ
ĩʱ٣
һȭյ˲䣬һ̤ǰһ˦˹ȥһߣٴ𣬿ȴ˵֪¼һ̣һ⡣
ô
һȭֱϵţƽƽȭͷ̺ȴ󣬾һٿǳһȭǰֻкȻըѵķݡ
Ȼȴǲܣȭͷؿϣؿڰȥںʼ֮ĹͷˣѪںɣɳϵһƣȴʵϣ
žһڡĴôش̶һ˲䣬Ӿͱ˿ȥܵһȭ˵̫أصӰ쵽磬һֻ϶ָͷӡ۶ѡ
ǣϵĿģﵽˣ
ϲҪܶصˣֻڴǿųӷѿ
Ȼŭˣǲʼսʱ⣬ɽȻһֻˣôŭľʹˣһ˿仯
ϣúܲҵģ
һƣΪʼǰģһƣΪǲǰ򣬴ϣ
ϵںˣУѾ½ϵ飬ȫ磬ʱжһѹ
⹭˲䣬Ͼۣ⹭ʶյĹ
ҿ֡
ʱƽǳڿգ￴ŵĻ֮£ʱ֮£˵ǲôѾԶ˰ɣ
ۣϾȻָͷӡ
һǳ˵ش⣬䡢ƽʱЦ⻰Цŭֶһ֣￴ȥȴһްΪŮӣζ
㣡
㡱֣غ壬һǳϵŮˣһ̣˵֮еļ׼ζ˵˵һˣ֪Ůˣʲôܣ
ȻųģôǿȻսҪвŮˣ
⻰ȻǶ˵ģ⣬ɫȴûаֱ仯صɱǣ͹𣿻˵磬ôչңΪȥҸһᣬΪȥ
ð
ЦӦֱӺȻըˣЦ˵סˡ


2183 
˵ΪȥĻȻΪ˼Ķ磬ѿУЩ϶Ҫģ˵꣬ͺԥԱȥԱһ˲䣬ûаԹŭеֻƵᣬǰչˣʵȵȣһж﷭ﲻԾ
ﲻ֪ǣԱ˲䣬ƽ衢ȻǵʵȴڷǣʹǶ˼Ϊܵĸоڴʱ˿̣ȴڴָоܣΪζǵʵǿ
㶣ҲֻǶ̶̵ļϢʱѣһٿԯǣʱһ룬Ц磬綼ˣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ȻҪȥֵܷҪһԣ϶ˣˣ㲻ǲΥΥĿҪģ
ҵҪʲô׸ң
ž
Ļ˵꣬һձ£ϴЦɫ΢΢ЩѿȻ֪ǴŪģѿԭûϴ֮ǰͻ

ﳯһͣһ£ȴ͵ٶȱһһƬУԵüΪۣͬʱ˵λƶǵ˵ƶųֹ
ûнȹɫЩҲסȻָͷӡѾʧˣԾЩʹöһ㣬ΪֻǴǼͨĳ󷨹ĶѣʵٶҲûʲôˣرǳǸСӻڵ¡
ǣ֮Ÿоһ˿ԾϢϢ̵ýôδǹʱеǸеϢ
ôϢҵʼǲûгĪǡ²ţȴ˵ǵѵϢѣڵ˵𣿡
˵ţһץסѣɳƽôʹѲˣЦĻ֮£ǻǸı䲻ϵıʣȥɣΪؿ湱һ
֮δţ촽΢ţнһ֣ϴ˵٣
ƽȵգ
ԯɢ
Ȼ磡
˾ͽΣ
ˣ

䣡
䣡̣У
ָ۶ܿζĳͬһ˲ڿգǵȻ仯ţһȣ٣
ɲ䣬֣һӽΧס뿴һȺʲôɡ١һȻòֱҪŨĻϢɢȷʵıѹסˣתۼ䣬һһĻӰ
󷨵Ȼˣ³һѪ˷ɵһģһǻʲôֶΣͶó
ϴЦˣֻһֶΣҽһ
ϴЦݣ𲻶Ծ˲ֿȺ˵Ҳÿ˵ľһж˥¡
ʲôҲѵ֮ǰˣһʱ򣬲ûвԤ׷Ŷԣ˼תУϴ˵㲻ǰһĻϤѵˣǵˣ
ѣ
ѿںͻȻ֮ǰĲλðѵΣϢж෴ӦȻըˣӾֱը󣬻Ѫ졣
ôϢģƬȫըҲ֮ҲǲʼģҪȻǾͻˣõؼλþûҵˣֻһ㣬ǻνҪкܶ࡭
ǿšųһƴɱ֮£òϣͷתû㵽ѵϢ˵׻йϵ
Ϣʼģõطһӵطֵ֣֮ңʩչѹƵĻҲһӣһжǲ˵ģԣ׷ȴԼռ˾󲿷ֵء
һߣϽ½飬д½װƬ£ŵģʼǸ
ڳ׼ȥʱȴǲϣȥǲҪٴ̤УѪתǲתʧ
һһ࣬ɸȴǵǰȥҪ˵ûһ𶯣ǾԲܵ飬ǣϽȫ
תŵתŽ˳ϵӣСҲʼۣ
Ȼٴβ󣬼ʩչղŵֶΣֻһףһǻ̬ͬȴûʲô𣬡硱ơȵȺŴܵ۶ٴγ
һιͳеһΣˣûаֱԹ֮࣬еĶǼᶨ飡
ŭ棬һ̤˿ѿȴѪһһֱ̤һһҪζǵ˵ͬĹǰʩչڶΣʱշ籩
ʱ䣬ʱпȻ֣١죬ɢϢĻ׼ʱ
Уһ֡ʼ


2184 ʼʮ
ʼ
һɫ䣬ʱǳѵĸоԥأںһ֣𣡡
£貵µķһ֮ȴûз֮У֮ǰĹ컭渡Ժȥɻǳôһ˲¡ըȻٴαըѪѪɡ
ͷĲ񷣬ҲǾ𶯲ѡ
ںУֿƽԯǼŭȵ
˵ˣǾģ
켴ƽԱˣԯԱˣĴٽԱܣ嵽Աˡ
ηԱôһ㺮⣬˲䣬ɺתΪɱ⣬ҪҵȻȫǣصغ磬
ν磬Ҳ磬˵Ǳ绹߼һ̬һʱиָ˳ֱ䡢սȵȡ
ҲʱСһХЩܳ飬ı𱬳ɻңǿѪѣһۿСڣ۾һ˿򣬡ԭʼˣ
Ҳ׼ȥɣ
ʼѪҪĶ
Ȼڷųǧ飬ΧץɱǣԼȴʼʼХײȥӲӲһײСӱ˿ȥ䣬ѪգֻһٴȥűԽԽСڣЦɱһʼоܲ
ʼһ
Сںգۼ嵽ǰСѾ̤ʼ岽һɨȥСһצѣСȴХʼ
ܶٲҵ
ʼ߲
һǱչֳǿʵΪɱסΪôϢԺסǡ
𣿡
𣬴˿ǸѪѾȫӣӿնʱζȻǶԥطһţŻʱ϶һѷ죬Ϭһնϣȴֽס
ס䣬ֹѣѪ
֣
һӴĻݹȥֱӽɻͬʱѺ۳֣Цҵ̵ģ
ʵǿһųģ
ϺѪЦ˫ֲδɿƼ򵥵ȡţ֮ȴʱ䡢ռ䣬򡢴硢־ȵȽţֻĹ϶ץסѣȣ
ʱһȭƿɾһ̣СںʼŲ
һݣʼʩչģҵȭͷСڣһֻҲȥ˫֮£ܲסܵĳ֣һЦƾ㣬ҲҸҶõʼǲĶҲֻ·һΪҪ
УײСڣȴסΣѾþѨϽʱȫǴʼǲ֪ʱҲﾡˣȻռϷ磬ңǹĻڴڲӸƻһС
ʲôģ
ʣ뵽˹ֶеǸʱ֮ǰԳ֮Ϊ硱ʱ뵽Լ磬ܻȥݻͬʱϷ
һײСڣ˵һҪ
ʼʮ
СڵͬʱСʮɫâҫգʮצʮֺ䣻Щ㶣Ϊ֪ġšǼµļšǾͷľǣСȴʮʼҲδģ
ܵĲȻȭͷѾײϣ顱һѪɣͷϣҲײɢСѪˮ̣ۡѪޱȡ
ʣµƬ񷣬Ҳͬһ˲䣬ҡμº
ĳϣȻŹᣬһ˦ϣУӶѹһ¡
ֶģ
ģ
ģ
״ģ

ҿŵĳϣȻںطйţÿһƶ˳е֮ڲµҪ֮⡭
еһһһİƣĻԽԽɢϳռϷ磬ʵϣѾΪˣƬ£ľ͵ڰ˴ΡھŴλ֮ٵĽ٣ܾľΣӡ
һƯֲŮ˵ѾϴͷȻĻϴüɢҲ𶯣ǳѾĻ֮ܣԲء
ϣҪ
عһҽУʱﵹǲ£еǷŭЪ˹ķŭȻϴô⣬áܴ衱ĸֶݡ
ʲôҵİƻûдأ
һ£˫ֱӳϣͬʱ˵ΪֻŻҲᣬ
һ֣ﱻը¶˹ͷȻҲûкõȥۿȥѪǼĩʱŤ

һΣұҲˣϱը˻ﷴɱȥݻġʱ͡硱Ҳе֮
Ͽ˿ҪѹĲ񷣬ɱǸһˣ


2185 ûõ
ƽԯЦµķƴԼζ¡ԣСˣ˺ۣô࣬ȴҲֻﱬһֱۣɢһЩ˶ѣ
ŭֵɱǿҲڵ䡢ȫ뵹ʱʮֵĽϱþݻţ׼һУ
û˸ҴҶ⣬㾹ȻҴҡ
ʮ£
Ҫ
﷢˿ʲôʲôǿ飬һЩطʩչϣֱҪŰײеĹ£ȷʵˣǿӴʱȴһɳŭ
ͳ״̬СڣӺײ˹ȴһ߷ɣֱײƬ񷣬﹥ԽԽԽԽܣϱú޻֮Ե˷ܣŨ
ҿڻ˭ܾ㣬ûܹ㣬ҪʼǲĿҪǿѡˣǰֻһֻҪѪҪϹǣҪ𡭡
һһŭӿڳϿŭȾѪǣȴǿĵЦˣһѹԵһһųӾ͸÷ѿˡ
ûл֣ѨϷߵݻҲӽβǲѪȾ󣬿ʼҪ棬ԺǸΣֹᴩʱʱһֱڵĩʱһߣһĻ棬Ǽϲһʱӿʼܻ
뵽ϵʼܻ
⣬ϻ룬ôģԣһһεİ֮У˲Щ飬оĥ
ȫԽԽʱ䡢ռȵȣȫСڻƴֹĹȴòĲòӻĻ
ʱҴҹ
ŭδϹϣ㲻Ǻ㲻Ƿǳ¸ңֱ㻹ְ
飡
ְҰ

һ䣬һϢ΢Ҳ籩ĹбҪ֧֮ţӾѲڣڣ֮ܵҲԽԽ٣ǣһм׼ɣͬʱҲ飬Ϊʲôܹ档
ԭһ˵ȫ磬ֻ磬棬չ棬쵽أɨߵĳһһ飬ķΧЩ飬ֻлһ;
˵һ飬ϵĹȴûͣ˫ȭȥӻסʱվ˳ǰЦȷʵܴʱ򶼻Щ⣬𣿡
ۡ
һѪһЮն£ﻹ˵㻹ʲô˵ˣ˵ҿԸһʹأ
Ҫؿķ
ϱ˫һУߴʵ𣿡
һֱŰɱųϣΪԼռ˾Ϸȴûע⵽ѾԾˣֻóŻصȻУ
ΪʲôϣңΪʲô
ΪĻ粻У
ҵĻ粻Уô򲻹ңȴһⱻŰɱأҵĻ粻Уôܴңְ
һ֣վϲ֮ģǺֱӺ˳дļͷֱѪ켴һȭȥ֮ǰ־Ϊ˵϶һοˣ
Ȼһȭȴϸץסţһ£
㡭Ҵң
Ҵģģ㲻ͣңŪҲԼ˼
Ц˵ﱩŭлžȣΪԶĳϣôץס֣סأҪ𣬿Ŵ󵽼£ȴʹ˶
ΪǹɴѵϢѾΧ
֮֮٣֮Ѫ֮ܣ٣
ӱƻɽԽԽŨϢʱ磬ٻѪɣ𣬾ռĻȻҲ˶Էʳһ

ﾪȴֱۣһһڶϵȻɣô벻ȥغǴŪĴѣ
أ
ʼǲ
أ
ҲģҲʧܵġ
ﾪӾ壬ŷɣЦˣǰ˵һ仰ûõģЩʼǰǲǰǳռģкʱУԿУۻģʼǰļӳ֣ǲǰѪǿټҵļ㻹ܻȥ𣿡
Ѿˣ˶ֻж󣿸ұ
ƴǹֱû˻֮У˵˭˵ˣûǾˣ
Ҿɱ㣡
ͻȻը¡УһƬؾȻڻŵ֮Уո֣ؾΧųתУȻ壬Ц˵ˣ


2186 ӦҪ
ˣ
ļ֣صƬͻأ֮Уÿһطҡ˭˵ˣɱһֻϣʲôµģ
£ΪҪ£Ϊλôͱ¶ĵƣҲûʲôãƬУŵģֻųϢ
Сӣȥɣ㲻ǿʼǲĹһƾԼĻˣڣĴѣĻ֮٣ѾҺûˣ㻹ʲôֶΣ㻹ʲôţ
ķСڻԭһиڱʣÿһ㣬ĻϢҪŨһ֣ܵĹҪʮ֣ҪǣɸڱʵҪһ𸴹ȥ
ȴǷֿоһй켣Ǭ֮ô˵ĥʱǳãҲĳЩطԽһ£￴⣬ӿ϶֮ǰĲ²⡣
ȹߴλ֮٣Ѿ˻Ϣ죬ҾҪĻϢ磡
㲻еġ
Ƚ㣬ʼƬ񷣬ӴԺҼΪ磬ҼΪ棡
㲻еġ

ܿ죬ƬؾֻзԲˣҲΪ磬ûзΪ뿴ôģʱ˵ϣٰɣ
еܻͬһĻ棬ڳԺϢ֮󣬳ҡҡͷ˵磿
Сӣ˰ɣ
Ȼǲеġ
вв˵˵ѡ
˵ȫûУ
ʲô˼
ľţӴϢʼûͣʱļǿĻţŻԽԽأûлشȴֻʵǲǻУ
ϾҪ𣬲Ѿˡ
ϵһЦҲûлˣȻûлҲУͳһҵʱɣ
ʱ
׽ţеľѨϣȵȣת£ÿһ˿ʩչʱŨĻ룬ʱһɢﻯأͿʼѡͬʱڱʵٶȼӿ죬ɢĻϢ˲Ũʮֹ
ӿ̣ûг©Ȿһ£ȴֹϢͻȻͣ£ͣ£
ЦûУ涼Ҫˣͣ£˵ⲻڰʲô
㡭
ľűɿ־ˣȻһжڰƻķչǣַչȴƲˣʲôӣҲ֪β־壬ҲʱǿѾʹڵųӣʼɶֹ
һתۣرֻʮ״СȷԼı䲻ˣڳϺ󣬲ϣԸΪİŹҡ
ôУǸ߸ϵôܳΪأ
硢ؿ棬кܶƻҿ԰㣬Ҫһģ
ݣ硢绹žأ
ֻʣԲף׷Χڵģȫǻϲûͣ£ڼԽԽȴ˿ǻҲẦģһ֪һܣһţҾ͸㡣
࣡
̧ͷۣСѾס񷣬ֹĻˣ£³ѪáʱܸǿһҽУæ˵Ҳ²粻յ㣬֮⻹ж
۾һ⵹һ˼ܡ
Ӧˣ
Ӧˡ
ңȥƬ񷡣
ЦΪʲôҪ㣿
㲻ǴӦ𣿡
ǰµ˲䣬ʹӦҪˡ
㡭
ֻüһ֣ͲѷأһȭͷС󱻳̽磬˵Ҫġ
ΪرڡʱУǳòĻڽ硣
ȫڵǣҲʧ׻ˣ
ܽﳹ׻𣬳𵽹ؼõģʼǲλǰµǼɱУ˽ȴǳûԤϵģȥпĻ𣬳ϳŲȥСڡ
켴͵ġʱŰƬѲĲ񷣬ֱϴ飬һ澵ӣȻûзŹЩӣȫ
˿̣ϵ磬ɢһɡ¡Ϣϴûиоģɳϵע棬һƬʧҲų泹׻ˣϷۿȥʲôʲôûУֻһ˶棬Եӿ
Ͽζǣһף˵ǻͬڵģ
Ҫ
ζͻشЦˣ˵Ұ
˵֣˷һϮʱ֮ҲƳ˲䱻֪࣬һλ֮ٽˡ
ҪȹھŴλ֮٣Ҫ磡ؿ棡
ƫ٣
ҵ棬Ϊػ
磬
Ͻ쵽棬ھŴλ֮ޱȣÿһ磬ҪĴۣţԺﻹǸΡ


2187 һ
޴ڣʱ棡
ϿһɫһҲǺڰ˵ֲޣǲʴڣ϶ȷΨһȷľǹ಻ϵĹŻȵȸϢ̺֮һ㣬ҪлŵĳϣĨɱ
кַܶʽǴѹơƻڿռ䣬УЩԵ޹ʵʧˣˡ
ͺñҪ޾ɳĮУٳһƬ󣬵ȻڻУһƬأɳĮŪѶȣ
ʲôʱ䡢ռ䣬綼ˣˣϾһֻСʻڻУʱзĿܣʱҽĿܣǿսţš
ˣأÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ţϢԽԽŨʱʩչʱĻǳǳȻϺͿðһݣʧӰˡ
ûк¡ըû׳۵ĳ棬ôϢģҪѹ飬ϴﴦõľ飬ʼǲλǰĲ²⣬˿̶ɲóԺһȦĻǸΡ
ƶˣɾôȥǲеģ翪棬ǸԴûиԴµôܴ棿ڣеľҪ磡
ϴ⣬㽫˻һ߽ѨݻŵֿŹһ߶Ű취ôҪƬȫΪ磿ֶҲûʾؽȥ֣Щǰᶼǵл磡
ţؿڲλͻرûüȥоʹӾͬűһžžըͬʱ뵽磬Ǽʽһʯһ磬飬һ룬ǳ塢ζǵҲܵӰ졣
ϽģϽζƵΪȫĵطɳϺܿ췢֣۷ŵʲôطǲȫΪǹɹѾϯ磬Щո磬ҲͬڱķΧڣЩңΪǵš
ϣңùңú£ؿѣģ
ǳܾӵİѩȻץסɷ֣˵ӣҪúûţֻҪܻţǾͰˡ
ţ̹Ȼ

ϻУѾʧȥ˵һкۼ
ӣҺ㡭
ζЦţȴŨŨİζȻȥȻζɵǲĻػĹǰȴֽһ˲䣬ˣڿǣˡ
ζ
ЦòһһΣɲǼӿڳУȥȣȥأصȴǿտҲܵ˺ˡ
ζߣܿЦ˵ϣΪµˣΪ㻯ֽѣܿ뵽ʮɽһγ뵽һɽǸϣ뵽ϼҵһιȡ
Ұ㡣
ôЦţܿӰģˣϾȫҪȥܿӰۣͬʢˮˮ©ֿգֻһصѪ⡢ϸоԼ˺
ţ
Ȼ³֣ȥķմȾ˻ϢѾǻ֮ˣα磬ٲ
ϣҺΪӵġ
˵꣬ȻըϸоԼ˼¶
磬ллôʣ֮ڣһΣ
˾ͽˣ߰˫正˵бģ֮䣡
ǧն
ս
Ը֮Ϊʦ֮ǰУ£

Ǭˣˣҡ¡Τ롢Сİ嵶СȵһսԡѪƴɱֵܡѣĹ⻪жȥ
𣬾Ȼҵܻңȴ𲻵ҵ֮㣡
Է˰Ը켴ֻʧ֮ԭȴǳһ֮Դ켴ЩųϵǣԸ׳飬Ҳˡ
Ըɵϵ֮Ҳ˷츲صı仯ںµĶڳ
еһУһ˲֮䣬ƴȫҲزˣŨŨı֮УģѪЩѪڵ֮һƺʼ˳ɳسɳ
ȻȴûעЩֻǿСڣ˵Сڣҵģ𣿡
СڵȻţԶģҵĹǼܣؿõ֧֮ҵѪ⣬ҵ꣬ó
Сڣ
СЦţһ̤ʼʮһУ̤ʮʱСǼ͡ӴӱѿѪȾأΪ֧š
СҲˡ
߶ţԸӵĹµϸΧ͸ʱҲˣھ֮ϵСҲˡ
𡪡
˺ǲˣһк壿ƴһУΪػǣȴΪҵ棬ػ棿
˺ţͻһ飬ԣǻûȥǻڣǶڵģҪ磬Ҫؿ棬ҪһһƬУ
һ֮٣


2188 濪
죬ģֻгһˣǻ֮٣һؽ
ؽûлȴǸڿУ޾Ĺ
ϿؽЩͷؽն֮ٵȵȣɶϷˣҪ֮٣ķ硣
ֻҪһھŴλ֮٣ƣ
ôأ
ٴλصԴ˫Ϭ֮޼̫ǬǬ֮⣬棬ػ
ϵĿϣ绹ڻľѨϻƻܻ֪ģ뾭Ѩϵܻﵽͬĵزÿһ㣬Ѩͬһ˲ܽһܻ
о⣬ϻһݣ۹ƬΪΨһĹԴʵڣڣˮ֮ȵһеڣںϳһʣҽڣ
𣬳ϱֽ뾭ѨںϣߵܻͬģһӴ˳ڣţڵһʧ
ʧ
ϲޱȣʱһǧĹʧĵطƴĹһóϻѪţͬʱԾѨϵĹĹˡ
ܵĹȴЦˣ֮٣ǲ˵ˣ㣬㣬𣿡ЦŵȴǼᶨޱȵ֮ԣҪң֮棬ƽ٣
ȷ뾭Ѩϵڣ磬ȫſ߸ܻڣ֮ٵĹҲ֮ҡ
ڵԽ࣬ʧþԽ࣬ʧһ̶ȣϵҲʧˣ֮ȵȶʧһĻϲûпֻţǺеЩص
·߶ˡ
ϱ߷ؽţһҪ⣬õζǸ֮У࣬ˡ켣ĸ֡
켣˵һҪĴھ켣켣ǲǾƽԯʼǰоֵܣʱУζʱ֮ʱ䵹
˸壬ߵҲû£ʱʧٶȣѾٶȣȻ֮ٵĹױ̶˵ǣȴܽȫֹϵĶϾһڿ籩еСݣζ紵ζȴβ𣬴򲻵ȡӪɳ
Уûʱ֮˵֪˶ãֻʣͷ­ûʧˣޱȵҲֻʣһСǰһжš
ؽ
ؽʼնŻ֮ٵĿռ䣬ڴЩʧĲλȡţϿţ۾һ˵û֮ٲƣƺ̫ˣ
켴Ͽ𡰶ǴٶɲֹǷڽھŴλ֮ٵˡţؽ
뾭Ѩܻ֮ڣѾ赲ˣŵ磬ȴʧø죬ǿˣ֮Ȼ󣬳ϵ촽Ҳʧ
ɼ˫ҲʧǴȻţ
һƬѨܻͬʱʧʱ֮Ȼ΢£ȫͬһƴҲʧؽٴն֮󣬻֮
磬ϵУһģһ
ʧȴڣÿһÿһÿһΣʱҵģռҲҵģеһжҵģ˵ͲڣϾѰšǵ켣
ŻʱաǬȵȶΣڣȶ
֪˶ã֪ʱʵ˺δ
һա


죬𣬾

µĻ磬ˣ
ʧ֮ģһų̶֣ΣûΪ״ϻǳϣɳֲǳϣ촽鶯ȴ죬ؽ
䣬ѳһٿգ죬ҵ棬Ϊػ
ػ
ػ
ػ
صУֵһԣ棬
ؽն£֣
أ֣
һأȥϸȴǳأҲأпһȴ޼
˵أй
һƹâƿնֱأ˲رâ⡣
˵أкڰ
ʱգ
£
عǼܣɡ
˵أл𣡡
ˮ
еأ
з磡
汾Դɽεض𣬴󺣺¡ҫķ紵ء
˵أ
ܣ
аݣ
棡
˵һ仰˫ͻر侫⣬ؿ棬أһ֣һʮצʮֺʮɫСڡ

Сһ˫ʪȻֿһϤףŻɫ·ŮһϮµŮȻ
ϻţףζܿȻ
䡢ս񡢷衢˾ͽ
ƽԯǬԴ

ˣˣͬڵģ
ϼأųǰž˫ֽգ֣˼ӵ延ԭ½ϵǣ衭
Ҹ
һٺӵһܰ棬ϾһУֵõġ
ͻأüǵԼĹУҵʼǰǰйֶǵ켣˸ĶΪû
ɻ䣬ȴкۿȥǹֶ˭ԭֶѾ˯ˣ
ӣˣĻҪã
ʼСڻףʼȥ
ϣлл㡣
ϿȥǣȴǲͻΪεף

ǸоȫѰд켣ǣ棬ֿ飬ЩĿ⣬˵˵أ
£ָ飬ƬܻԷȥ
󣬳ʧˣö֡
ʼʲô˼ζȴǽغھŨ䣬ϳǰһӵζŮӾӵ뻳𣿡
ӣǣҴ򰡣ǣϣ
ҿɲǡ
ЦţһǼǷȭϢ󣬳˵ˣǻкҪҪأɲ˷ʱ䡣
ʲô£

Ц˵Ůɻ˼䣬֣ȼζ˼״ﻹףȻܿǶɫߺ졣
ԧһֵǧ
ȫ꣩


01 翼飡
ϿٵĻУһƬ̬֮Ϊ׵Ļ磬ʵеΪΣ˾ְһ˶Ҹޱߣ£Ǽɽˮؼ䣬ƽһι硭
ζȴһ£Ǳ¶ͷ㣬ÿ뱧ӵĿ񣬻аԹ񣬳ϸоѹ硢ؿ涼Ҫѡ
ʼ˴𰸣˵ǳΪһ֮ȻеĻҲΪ춯أʼȻ֪𰸣ȴҲƲ֣ͬҲǣЦ֮ʱϾ˵֪˵ȥˡ
ˣûԷڽѰŰ취һĿͶ˻֮⣬ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ϊ֮ⷽҲԽԽо粢յľͷ滹ڣʲôĴڣʱҲǺͷ
һ棬ʼҲڵǣһ죬ʼ˳ϣʵʼǰʲô𣿡
ǰǰˣǻ֮ھ񣡡
ôС
ˣ˵⣬мҪ£㻹ǵǰ˵ǰǸлʧ𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ
ʼ˵һľû¶ӦòԵ޹ʧԣҲ²⣬һĻ֮ǳ⣬ʲô⣬Ҳ벻ףⷽҪעһ㡣

Ҳ⣬ڽĿڻ֮⣬뷨ʼһ˵ʼҲӦôӻ֮ȥѰҴ𰸡
Ϊͻ粻ʧĴ𰸶пڻ֮⣬ԣһ˼ټӼ֮󣬳׼ȥһδ֪Ļ֮⡭
ɾڳ׼ȥʱȴţϾ֣⻹һο֮飬ʼٴУ棬ٴѭ
˴˳һ˵û뵽˱ҵĻ滹Ҫ̣ҵĺôҲǧˣȴ궼δ
ϴӳڣһûоǧأʱжȹ£ȻûдӴϸоɱ̰һģǣ֮飬ϿɲҴ⣬лŽ䱸ʵ˭
ҽ׻ƣҵ׻档
˴ʲô
ϴҲˣ׻̯̯֣ε˵ΪǸ翼飡
翼飬ʲô
㲻֪
׻ҲǾˣ¿˰죬ȷĲ֪ʵ棬ھƶ󷽵ģ

ԭǾˣ

׻ƿϵĿ⣬þģ滹֮⣬˵㽫ǷǳһĻ֮ЩĪ֮ʣ׻˵Ļ㲻֪翼Ҳ˵ùȥˣνĻ翼飬ÿһ֮ҪҵڳΪ֮һ·ϣȱ㣬ȻȥȱֲֲͨĻǾͲܳΪĻ֮㿪ٵⷽ棬綼𡣡
׻ôһ˵ʼ͵һ棬Ǹ֮ûͨ飬ʼ뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˣʵǻ֮أ
ʧˣˣ߻ˡ
ԭˡ
͵ʵ翼˭飿˭涨ģͨ
û㣬ԼԼͨʲôӣҲ֪Ϊһûͨ飬棬ǽл翼ġ
ҵнл翼飿
ҪȻܵʲô
׻һӣϻǲףô֪Ҫҵнл翼飿
ڻ֮ĵһ֮ҪĻ翼֮ء
㣿
ü˵һ֮Ҫͨ翼飬Ƿǳ򵥵𣿡
ô򵥡
׻ƴҪͲÿˣҽУʵᱻȫ⣬ϵĽ֮٣ٵÿһĻͽΪеķϲ֮࣬һĻͻΪе֮࣬ҲţҲôùģأϾǻ֮ôġ
˭⣿
֪ȥͱˣֱͨ翼һ죻˵ͨһͨĻ簡氡ʵһĸı䣬һӴ磡
ϢʵҪл翼飬Ҫȥأ
׻ƿ˳һۣһ˵֮ںδж㲻һĻ֮ЩΪ׻һͻʵ֪ԼĶ̴ʲô𣿡
ϻԼľ϶̣һӾͻˣĿǰ벻̰壬׻ӣԼľ˵һ顣
׻꣬ˣβ˵磬㻹治һĻ֮ǳ׷ˡ˵꣬׻ЦĶ̰ƽ硣
ƽ磿
ʮ֮ǰͳƵƽ磬ʮ֮һ·ɱһɱ˻֮ԣȱľڷ
һô¶׻ȴһߴЦ磬Եҵ׻պþʺл翼飬ңԷ棬˵أ
ף翼Ҳף


02 ׻
ף翼Ҳף
׻ЦȻԣ򵥵һ㣬ҽ棬ԶӵһЩ츳ӵһЩʵҲ˵վߣͨĻʻ󡣡

üͷ뵽е⣬˵Ҫﵽ׵ЧӦûҪļ۸Ҫÿһ֮ҵĻ֮ˡ
ȷʵҪ׺ѣûУһǸպ֮Ŀǽ˴˵УǸ⣬ټҵȷʵʺ㿼飻УñڵҪΣԵ棬⣬ʵﵽһлõĺôɺܶࣻͬģҵлһõĺôҲ֮࣬£ģΣûΣȻ޴̸𡣡
׻ƽһ˵Ǿ˵Ҳˣ׻һЦĿʼ˵ƺʼһ㣬Գ˵һأ
ûмŻشǵһμ棬Ȼֱϣ׻ƣԼ棬˵ģ̫󣬵ζǾѾֵˡ
һתϽ׻˵һ˵׻ЦʢǾͺˣܹҵнʧ䣬ֻҲҪһҵС
ζѿ˵̫ˣ׳գҪһȥܿȻҲ¶һ֮飬гϽҪ췭ظ
ʵǲǻ֮Ҳܽ룿
ףΪβ˲
׻Ʒʺ˵ľ֪㲻¿ѣܿѣԵÿп࣬Ϊˣ翼ɲרָѣҸоĿɹ񣬾ܲ˲ҵңȥˣͨ˻翼飬˵ҲǺôʵΪ֮ǣҲһ죬ȻһǼǧ֮꣬󣬿ǣһ̻ᵽɩǵޣ̣ҪǻþãһҪߵرǿһǱǿ
ⷬܺöϲظ֮ˣȨҲ裬ֱ˵Ҷˡ
׻Цˣſ³һѪɢŨŨĻϢ˵ҵĻ֮ѪԻ֮Ѫģ׻ΪˣΥģ𡣡
֮Ѫ˵ͬĻ켴λ֮ѪΪһ壬ֳַΣ˵壬ͬһ˲䣬ϸоԼǿࡣ
׻ҲˣЦռۣ׻ǰǿ֮һ
˴˱˴ˡ
׻Ҳ֪ҾͲ˵ˣȥ棬ͨ˻翼飬һۣһ֮⡣
˵ţ׻Ӱʧ˳ϵУ˲䲻ۼȥӦҲӦᣬϽ潻ʼΪ׼ζ˽׻棬ʱС˳˿̵СڲҲŮһҲǵҪųһ׻档
֮£ֻóŵ׼úʹʧһ߶ϱ㷢֣ʧȥζȻС֮ϵôͨͨˡ
΢֮䣬ϸ׻˵Ļ׹翼Ȼô򵥵ģҪ׻Ѱҵǡ
켴ϸойڽʵʧ䣬飬䡢˼άеһУڱһ˵ԭһ̶ˮ׻ĹУ̶ˮڱʧ䣬ǵˣǳϾһζʣǴﵽ׻ĳϣͲǳˡ
Ϊ׻Ƶĺˮûеɾȳϵִ׻䣬ʵҲһЩԵľǿˮƽҲһЩ
׻еĳϣŶʮͣȻӢȴͿ˿ǺҹĴȥԼܶǵͰĺüѰ˼һֱԴʹ֮˵ǳϣҪҵǡ
ǡ˭ȴֻŵӡ󣬲֪Ǻˣʱǰ𣬡磬ʱǿϽ˯ˣжĺʱ򡣡
ģһȺ񣬻ҸǶǻֱʧǻ
ǣǵɫΪǲèء
ջ˵£ȰǸϳȻȫһΪƽء

˵պ׻ĳϣ治ô¶ҲͿţһȫҹС
Ⱥˡåȥǵļң˭Ҳ԰Ǹߡ
ģϹߣӸȥΪãҪͻͷ
ǸҪȥǡ
ǣ˭ЩٵϰȫƽˣǸûá˿Ц˵꣬˳ȥܿ죬ȴˡ
ϿüͷýҹеĿˣȥסԼļңǱһȺΧסô岻ȥֻߣվŭҾҲҪҵļ
үү
һʮŮҧһֳ˳ߣʱֻ߽ʮԶδͣڼǰ
۾ŭ֡


03 
תۼ䣬ҪƵǲΡΡǰڵķѾڵשͷľʱпҪߵŮ޵ú˾ģסЩȺ𼤷ߡ
ǿһǼֱ˶Ҫˣ
ǾûүүǵĶʯͷ𣿡
һ죬ҲⱨӦģ

ǣǶôķŭֿȭ֮£ôһȺĶأЩ˻һϷӣ˵ҲҪֱӴȥǿ϶һ
ǶһȺ
˭˵һ䣬˺죻˭ٸҶӾͿ
ո£ϴ̤ȥһͻؿ˳ϣСӣǴģվס
Ҳܵøˡ
ģվסûӵĻ߷磬ӿ㡣ţŵȥ˳ϵǰ棬ҪɱӺΪԼбʲô¡
ϣֱֱۣһȭȥĲطǰѿȭͷ䵽һ죬ȴǳһȭ˿Ŵǻಿλ챻ɳȥҵڵأҲ
ڳе˿һĻ棬ȫɵסˣǿȴûпĳԣں¡ǰ߲һףͷϻһשͷһߡ
ʱϳ˹ȥһѽ߱˳ƴܣͬʱŮ£ΣյشȺ˾
ĵӰ𣿡
Ȼǣ㿴ϲᰲǶȳ𣿡
ôһ˵ˣ˼춼ɵڵûƷ˳Ȼ񣬴ȵĸӻ˭ӾͿ
ǲĺݻϽϲ᰷ڰȫλãֳȥһңžһ죬Ƭһأʮȫſڵϡ
ϵĿһһɨղŻŲѵĻǣ˿ȫˣֹסزһΪ£һΪϵֱ̫ͣ˿̣ǻоԼƵġ
һȺ
ϾٹҪȺ죬˫еᰣȴȻһ飬磬ɱǣᴥɵġ
ɣʲô
һʳᰱһųϣᰲ֪ĳովһˣˡ
鼱֮£Ҳ֪νͣǲɱǣȻͻдͷΪȺܵͷĻֵ̫ˡ
Ͻ᰺һ£ֱʱϵ˵ͷתͷȵжԶԶ
ڹŹǰתһȦĻǣҶൢ飬ϽֽŲãһۿҪȥһ𣬡վס
һֱһȺŵ̱ڵأһ޺˵үʲôԸ
Ǹһߣ⼸
˵꣬Ͻ˾ֻá۵һ죬һҽУȻһˣý˼Щ˾ȫ
һȺٿЩ棬ĵ飬ͬͿܣԶִ֮һȺСӣţ캣ˡ
ֻӭӢ۵ǣһסˣ۾ҲЩ־壬һҪ㿪˼һ˱׷뿪ˣֻʣϲڳߡ
ӣסһӵķӣûˡ
ϲڵϣݺᣬҲһıˣЩ⣬˵ϲҸطٸһ䷿𣿡
ǮûǮҪҪǸߣǸǵǮٵÿȥӣôСϾҪ߿ȻҪϴѧҪǮ
Ҳ˵үүҲϴѧˣȥ򹤣㡣
˵
үͷʹޣһԿŵĳϣд𶯣Ȼ֪߿ѧʲô֪ǸǮǺҪȻ˺ûйϵɳϱܾǣһ£Ͽ˵ȥһٻǷӵǮ
Ҫ
һӱɻ󣬡Ϊʲô
Щ캣ˣ캣ǺᣬȥǻԿġ
ԭ򰡣ʲô

͵ͷЦˣ˵ûϵǴ򲻹ҡ
ǵģ磬ǻǹ
ǹʲô
ʣᰵɻŨˣҲͲ塰ǹֻǲͣرȻǰҲȻףԼȻøͿˣֻ˵Ǻ
꣬ϴӵϼһʯͷصڵϣʱһ󶴳֣ᰱһʵҪ
⡭Ҳ̫һǹûôɻдڣ̹ˣзɻЩǹҪö࡭
üͷøЩ֪ʲôֹҪһЩˡֹţͻȻ˭캣ֵܣĲ֪ôд𣿡
磬ߡ
᰽˵ϲҲߴٳϿߣϿϵľţְȥ۽ǵˮЦСᰣұ㡣


04 սķ
ûߣ᰺үү󣬶ǰվһˣԿȥʮв˸ԲֵĴ󺺣õĶҲģµģ˫ڹ֮ģվǰģȴʮĦг
ᰱģٴξֲͣóϿߣȺȴ𣬡ߣ캣ĵ֣ߣ
۾ô󣬵Ϊ֮࣬ЩĦгȤ˵ŵʱЩĦгѾ˸Χ
ץܻץ򣡡
ٴαĦг¡¡ΧһȦϳȥÿĦг涼ˣһ𿪳һ𹥻ڣĿ겢ȫ׼˳ϣе׼᰺ϲԴɢϵע
Сӣɡ
ܵǰһĦгһ˳綾߳һѽץסͬʱҲڳֱϲȦ
ˣˣ㡭
УһᰵĲӲȥץס̤һͬץʱֱ˳ϵ˫š
Сӣˣӽ㳢ʬζ
Ħгֱ𳯶ĸȥ캣ԱΧţǰǸ캣˵һΪСжôֶΣԭҲˣȺ治֪ǸʲôԵġ
硭
ȴȫ޳һ˶ϲѾˤ˵ϣΧЩסһŴϣﲻȫ˳ϸղžȹǡ
Ȼ캣쵽ԾʮӶȥˣϻԭվúúõģûб˺ѵӶûиɻѵ̫ƽԵʣ
ʸ𣬶ҪſҲϲϣΪ󵽼µͫѾĦгûǰߣˡ
ˣˡ
˾ѹ£ʲôֵģж֣춼Ҫԭʲôȥ
һ£ʣµĦгϳȥĦгѩ۵ĳһ󺰣˫˫һһһ˦ʱߵĦг˦ұߣұߵĦг˦ߣϵеڸ߿ձĦгץýȴĦгڵϣˡ
ӿĦгٴαǰŵһĻסȻˣĦгǴŹײϣϺСᰣ¡
ᰵҲϣѾ˳ˣ뵽һ¹ⱦеĵӰ棬̤߲ȥϼӵ𱦣ŵͬʱᰶȥ
պôʱϽеӻȦƿЩٳĦгһ㣬תŵһȥգۼĹʮĦгȫˣĦгˣˡ
ʣµ캣Ա˫ȷ鲻ԽȥҲچ£ɶױҪС£ҪȻضˣһתִеļһȫСȥӾͲţһҲ
ҪǴ˿̶ǶȥЩ챻Ƶ˻治ҳȥվԶӵӣǻǲµģһ־ķйƬӡӶ˳ȥееĶò񫣬ּϵʯ顢שͷȥ
Ͻܲ͸磬ʲôӡשͷ˳ȥһûųϣ˵ųˣ캣ĳԱԽԽ£ֻʣȫڴУеˣˣ͸磬ô죿
һһ㣬죡
һȺڵӾȻҪټҲֵúܣ캣ĳԱ˿ȴһ㶼ù죬ܶͳָֻʹ򵥵ֶꡣ
ģˣҪ棬棡
ݺ˵˲ͨ˵绰šŽ˵꣬˵ߣ뿪Ⱦʰ
˵һȺڵӴһתƴܣ۾һݣٷɳֱģɵڳϵ趯֮£ֻáزҽʮȫɵڵأֻʣ캣Ķ͡
ͺڵҲպգͣҪȻҲֲôʱ䣬ǣһ̣ıĿ־ﻹܵеģֱȱνնҪνգͿϳܷӦҪӣ˫ȴôҲھż䣬ͻһ鶫
ʱϻ¶ЦݣΪǿ鶫һǹ
岽ʱһӽǹγ׼˳ϣСӣ㲻Ǻţţţӹ£ģȻӱ㡣
۾¶ɻɻֻһ˲̧ǰͺվס׼ٶӱ㣡͸֪õʲô֪ǰߣǹͣĪҲòգӲȥ
ҪˣҾͿǹˡ
Ϳ޳ָҲڿ۶ͬʱǹ


05 ⶫóԣ
ǹ
ϸϸţǹץȥһҪǹһŪװ׵ļʽͼ״۵ɵֱֱһСˣ෴ĵӺܴ󣬲һĴʱ䣬캣һСޣ쵽˶λá
һ̣ͷԼĵӣֻץǹǰƨǣҪǹָסܽ߾ȫ¶־飬Բȥץǹ
ҪʲôΪʲôҪѵǹ𣿡
ʴӿһ𣬳͵һȣСӣҪӾͳȫ㣡˿۶˰
ûа۲Ҳûǹûӵ˳ؿ۶ˣӵҲХųǹ⣬һ·Ѿ˳еѪأجڽᡭ
һֻûдӺ;ͿޱȿֲһĻֻͻſ֣ӵȻƷǿžгٶȵӵڳϵȥһŻƶ
ϵϣȴûа˺۴ڣ
ϲ֪ӵʲôֻŽ֨֨ҧ˼£ӵͱҧмȻ󣬱ȫ˳˵ζһ㶼á
Ϳ⣬ٲҲټˣΪǰһĻȥȥУ˼άֹͣˣ˸Щʲô
ϵּǰ棬ָڰϣȴ붡Ҳƶˣץס˻ָôһǰǹǹܾͱˣϼץ棬ǹ磬͵ָҲˣѪֱȴûһоΪʹĸоҲˡ
ǹҲô
ֽͣ顱һԴһҵķˣϲΪ⣬Ȼ˺ܶԭļ䣬ģڹǱʶ۸СˣӦ
һңѪأɱǷŻĻ棬Ӧÿ־岻ѵģǣеĿ־嶼ϵıָѹȥӶǳϵӰߵǰʱСŮȻȸԾһѱסϣ˵𱦶𣿡
ʲô𱦣Ҳ𱦣ǳϡ
У
ɺˣʱԶоС־Աߵϲ˵ʲôǰ캣Ƿӵʱ򣬱绰飬Ҳû鿴һۣڣڵӱˡ
С˲øүүĸ̾æԳ˵𱦣뿪ǰ˵뾯йϵǾ϶ץģߣܱץס
ʲô
ǲǶǶԲԡ᰿˳һ˵ôʲô֪ǲʧˣˣҲʧȥ䣡
С״ˣϽתƵ˵ߣ뿪ˡ
û£ΪʲôҪߣ

жҶǣһᱣġ
һ˵ţ᰸֪ôԳϽͣȻֻǸѧδǣЩڰĶҲ֪٣һʱ仹
⵱ڣѾˣֱˣεۣǳܣһһľҲӳиŻͲ׼ģˣǡ
˵ҲȥΪųƹ⣬һصѪʬ壬ĦгкеƬ£Ͳϵ䣬͵ſڵϿ²ѣֽŻڲµģģһľд붼״̬رǸӳģģϽܽ˳Źصܲŵ绰֧Ԯ
ƹȻۣɶԳ˵ȴûʲôоϿᰵģҽֱ߷ɼʯͷֻá顱죬ƹȫϨˡ
һٶЩˣ˴󺰵ǹ쿪ǹ
Щǹľ죬ȫʶؿ۶˰һӵƿҪУſȴ˳ϣһͷǲ˵ġ
ƿ𣬳˫ץӵȫץסǹЩ˵𣿡
϶ˣôӵ˶ñ
ǵҲǣɽô죿
ʲôô죿
ǸӳӳʵȻӣ·ղӽ²һԱ˻شˣǸô򱨸棿
ʲôѵģ˵ڵɻƴǾһϵеĲ֣ڽЩȺ֮֮Է
ĲǨͨϰա
˵ǺڵӣǾǣҲǣķϻ̽յҪʲôˣȻϮ
ӳ˵ǰߣߵӢһ㣬ʱ̽յӳһһɵˣֻǻúõվӳУſȴǽвȴǶԱߵ˵ǰԹˣЩóԣԺҲҪԡ
᰿ЩӵҲˣȴɵɵػصóԵģҲԡ
Ǿͻǰɡ
֣һӵ˳ȥ


06 ɫ
ӵ꣬ȥʱ˷
ϲû׼Źǣһξͳ˳ȥպôʱҲѣġ𱦡ʧǰʶʲô飬󺰵𱦣Ҫɱǣ
᰻㺰üʱϵȭͷҪǸӳؿڣܽǹȭͷҪȥ϶ؿڸһѪһȦĶӳǸŵ˿ӣϵ۾ȫĿ־塣

³һ֣ӳˣһΪǹΪŵãһѾ춼벻ôǹģӳ˵ҡǡ졭
ͺ𣿡
ʵ⣬ڶӳĶǾ;ǷʣǺʣӳԼµЩǮ캣ĹֵЩŮˣͲ԰׵ɫǱ׵ģֶ
㾳أСҲ֪ôճˣЩʦһԪη̣ABC˼Ʒ£ȴûнôǰ¡
ʱһȴǶӳֻˣһӱüΪأѸײڶ֮ƣ֣ӳֻоԼǰһƬӰֻ͵˳УϿǽиͣĶ۾ʣǸӳ֪ʱ绰ģ붼캣İ캣Ϊӵǵıָ֮캣˸绰
뵽绰ĺӳǰһڣ˹ȥ
˦û˦Щ죬Щ˶ɱģרעֻϣʱ˵𱦣ֻ
ֻʲô
˸ԶĵطҲܹͨĶ
᰿лɻȤظϽһ˵ֻҪǾԷ˵ʲôˡ
˵ţᰰȥһͨ绰ʹӳˣ֪ǸָҺ캣ȥӳȥúýѵһ٣һҪЩ⵰ǵķӣӲˣˣӳڹɫ׼˺þƺòѹƯŮˣԵԭװǸ崿úܣ㡭
һò࣬ʲôɫ㣬ʲôԭװףǰĻȴˣ׵Щ͹ˣȼϵŭˡ
һֱӽֻӣ绰һߵĳ캣ཡæ֣ô¶һֲ˵ͰֻˣѵҲʲôⲻɣ
ͷһ𣬳캣ˣôֻǹʲô£˵ˣǿǾ죬˭Һ;ԣǲ·ڣ˼˵鴦ܹˣһɣ
캣ŽȫʴĳѾһ⣬캣﷢չøǿ⣬ǾϻճǹܣʱǮͨͨϵԼСܻһֵǹܶ棬ʱܹŹҵ壬ö֮ĲǨˡ
һȺ⵰ᣬʱǿؿǺ÷ˮһСʮറÿһϼʮ¥ʱ׬ڶⰡ
캣ţߣᰣ˵Ĺɫʲô
һֳǡ
ͬѧ˵֪ҪֳʲôϽһͨŲԳԷ˯֮ճ
СᰣҪķ𣿡

ᵽҲżԹȴ˫ʵСᰣ֪ɫ𣿡
𱦣ʲô
ᰵǵһЦⷿӡ˵ţѾϲǰȥ᰼״Ͻϣ֮Щȫװڵأ߶Һһ²Сǵ˳ϡ
߳ƶϣٴɵסˣȥȥĳ񾭱ý޺ƣǸƵ¥㣬Ӿϸ˺ܴĳ
ǲͣؽţǳӣǷӣǵƣЩȪǸǵ񡭡ᰵĽ˵óϷֵ𱦣ȥɫ㣬ǿȥȽϿһ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ã
վ·ȻһΪǱǣȻβᰵʣ崿ףģ·ƹ£עĿԣûѶ󹦷еһ⳵
𱦣үүȽȥ
ᰴ򿪳ţϱϲ˽ȥҲų£뵽֮ǰŵϵϢ͵ᰣ۾
ڳϣȻڲϵΪϽ˵磬۴Сʲô˵ʲôÿ˾Ц˵һ죬СеǴԽ𣿡
ʧˡ
᰻һ䣬ΪϽ˵Ǳߣȥ֧ԮľڵִĿĵأһγĿǷ죬ȻȫװصĿĵأֳȴɵۣϽģ绰˳ȥһͬ£һеô¶
һȫһΪ֮еЦ˵һֲĵӰɼôͬ¶ڲҽУǲҲţ֮󣬻ð亹
ͬʱĳ⳵Ҳͣ˹ɫſڣ


07 һȭһ
𱦣ǵɫˡ
᰾϶˳𱦣ڳ˵ıᰵɡС֣͸ӵȥˣ˳ϱϲ˳ϻŸղĸо᰿ǰ̻ԻͣޱɵĹɫ㣬ֲʵĸоȻҲ˸Ǯһ¶ڳϣȫǲ֪ҪǮġ
ֱ˾ͷ˵ιǻûиǮأ
ᰲ˲񣬸ϽڴȥϧȴǿտҲëǮûУɫ죬˼Գ⳵˾˵磬ԲǮˣ´ٸвУ
´Σ˭ĻҪ´θǮģϴ·־ɣӦô𳵡⳵˾߱˵ţ߶ᰵ´۾ҲԽԽأ⳵˾˵Сãһ£͵ˡ
㡭
᰷ŭ⳵˾ȴһνӣ˵ŮɫʲôǻǺ𣿷㶼Ҫһ£ʮǮĳѣֻһ£׬ˡ
å
ûֱ£һֱѧУͷѧϰǵһ̣֪ôʱתһӣ⳵Ӳߵ׿⣬رΡ
⳵˾ȫˣϣٿԼڵλã˷⳵˾Ȼʶʲôһ飬ҲҪѣᰣһ˳ȥȥԶ⳵˾ûлعȴ뵽ᰶԳϵĳƺ𱦡
ѵ𱦣
⳵˾õĸо֪ҪʲôֻǱܵؿųڿԼ֪
ߣΪЦԳ˵𱦣á˵仰ᰣŨ˼֣Լֻ֪ץųϵֱۣȥ
ɫĴţҪһС̨ףȥʱһ˹ɫ㣬ӳˣһŸơƶǣһСͣơƶ˵ʲô
ɫ㲻ʲô˶ܽģԣʵأſڵĳϱסˣſڵıûᰣֻų˵Խ㲻Խ
һġ
ǹ涨˵ţԳϺϽЩղæӭӿˣûпһŷҲ˵ֱǰȥȵ㲻׼㻹ûгǲǣ
˵ţһȭȥһƣգɳֹסȭͷȥպòõأʹںǸơƶϡ
ҪݺݸһѵԣõܴҲŴˣơƶǱñѪɽ˺üǸһʱˣӦôĵӣǾȻҴˣ֪˭ϻеĸ߸г
еļУ˵ıס߸г֣ҲȥܳϣϽΧȥشŵĸ߸гȻǷŭѣסӣץҪһӡ
û뵽һȭôĻϽ͵гҴĲ㣬ҴǸСӣǸСӹÿŴġ
СһҳҪһڶУ׼Ρг󷢹ʱɫܾϵˣϽֽг뵽ɫķŵѽѣɸг棬һĺгȫЦɺ˵ǸСһҪҳߵŮˣһҪõ򡭡
г˵ȥȴһߣԭг³ͿᰣȻĶʱ򣬶᰿ҪȻһȭ
ɫܾ쵱ȻҪڴӦҵᰣ԰͸ԭ棬һ㸺θжûУֻԭŭ˳ٰѸԭӪ
ԭǾ߳ഺϢӣһҪĻɻѪҺڣͬʱԼһȭ֪һȭǳϹģΪԭ类ע⵽ˡ
˲֪캣ĸ䣬˸ԱԱᰵӣҲΪµģر캣ϵһ𣬾ôһ¶ˣԱ᰷ţһ·ڵ档
ڵݣǺ棬ᰴԽһ£˵üΪģΪᰶԵ˽Ҳ̫࣬͵¥㣬ԱָǰһֱǰߣߵͷǼķǡ
ᰵллԱ̾һŮ䣬ȴǴ̤ǰߵſڣҲţֱһŽ߿ĳ캣֣ѣȫһ¿ſڣʱ۾ɻ֮һ
캣û˵СȴǿݣģȻҴǵţ֪캣𣿡
ҵľǡ
ǣ
ɻţ˳һƿƣҪʺʱȴ˸ų߽ᰣʱϼаЦǰǸŮ˴ТǺ𣿡
϶˵һӣʱϺʯɵĻӣֱǻײȥһ·ֱǻײǽϣ䶼һ𶯣ǻҲɫ࣬Ѫѡ
ϾȻ˴ھеĳ캣ͻȻΪʲôԳϤˣԭ˵캣ɫҲɷף㡣


08 Ǯг
㣡
캣˵ֵʱ˲˺ܶ£Ҫһ¾ǣЩ죬ȫˣ뵽캣Ͻ嵽ȥһ뿴ǲо׷ûо˸ҲûоУһƽҹࡣ
ѵЩȫ𣿡
뵽캣һǶһϣס˭סҸ˭һ򣡡
һ
ش̼˳캣ЩСܣȻҲʶ˳ϵûûһʶңǱߵΪЩҲԣ֪ηǾüһϣܽ£ҳϻһˣ߻һŮˡ
ˣڳ캣֮ʣµļžƿӳϳ˹ȥ캣ûſڳȥ߳廹ͳֻ׼򱨾绰
캣ֻĶϿˣϵڻֻԭʲôʲô;֪ˣȻ֪ȻͲó캣óѣ캣¡1ʱһվ˳캣ǰһȥֱг캣ӣ

죬캣оԼһƬڰ֮Уеȫɢ˸ɸɾڳ캣뵽𾪾ףֱײǽϣ˳ǽڻ˿Щ㶣۾־ȻȻ˳
Ƿ㶣Ͽû㶣ָϲԾնһߣֱǼߵôѪڵôҲ
ʱ캣ȥ캣ֵ˵˭Ҫʲô
ǷծǮ
ĸ֣񾭱ýĳ캣һӾ뵽˺ĸ֣Ƿ캣֪ҵı˭ұǣҪһ£ҾһΣһҪС
ĻȫתһҽУȴǳһŲ£ֱ캣ȸȶˣ켴³֣Ǯ
žʹĳ캣벻׳ϸô£ֻΪǮҲȥ룬ϽԼǮ˳ǮȫͳϿһźɫĳƱתͷᰣ˵ǾǮ
𣿡
Ȼ᰻ûпôİԪ󳮣ҲףƾЩǮӼֱǳ룬ԣҡҡͷɵأϽ캣һֻҲȶˡ
캣ҽ˵ſǡ
ᰲ֪ǿжǮңҲ֪ʲôһʱЩ㶣ϼûзӦҪ캣֣캣˵ҪǲңһԸǮ
仰͵ػع˵𱦣ǲҪǮߡͬʱϲҲ˵Сӣһذɡ
ԼҪѹĳȻЩ⣬᰺ϲô˵ˣҲûٶԳ캣ֻ֣˵ˣأ۸Сʲô
˵꣬תˣ룬ֻץ˼Ǯץסϵ½߳䣬캣ŪøԺˣɾʹѹϽšźһ캣ʹ˹ȥ
ڳ캣ծʱɫܾѾڼ棬ѰųǸŮټ˺һûҵҪԱ˭ʱһ˾ܣ
ʱǳ߳캣ķ䣬쿴һüͷĵǼͷǳ캣ģǴӳ캣ķ߳ѵ캣ʲôϵɣ
û̫ʱ䣬Ǳ߸ԭڵţܿ˾ϣĿǰҪľ˸ԭŭڳ캣Ǳߣ׼ȥһŲʲô
ܿ죬ʹԱ˳ϵǰ棬˵λС㣬гǹȥһ¡
гҲʶг
쿴˴õᰣа׷ԲԵϲЦг߽˽˽ǵ˵ְܳǡ
ϲˣгѾǺôĹ٣ϲҲ뵽պóô˻гķӲܾôˣǣϲ˵Сᰣȥг
үүˣȻͷӦϣȫν
¶Цݣԭڵĳȥ߽棬ͽŸˣҲŵıǰ˵гҰ˸ˡ
ԭ۾Ͷϣ䣬˵Сã㻹ѧϸҺұ㿼صѧ
ޣ
᰿˸ԭǺˣϲҲЩɻ󣬿ﻹ˵гҽѧסߵҸ֣ķӡ
ϲ˵꣬ԭͺȵͷӣұ졣ͬʱԭҲ˳ϣ¶ЦݣҲԣֱ˵Ҵͷ
һ֣Щֳֵ˾ϵԴȥϲɵۣôҲû뵽캰ҪΪгȻͻһԣӿɶᣬϲﻬ䡣
޷ӦһΣ߳ţʱеĵȫ߶ϣӱ߷ɣˤڸԭǰѪպòõ˸ԭһ



09 ȱߣ
ɵˣԭɵˣ
ϱϲߵǰ˫һɣʱ֮һգͷҲҲ֧ŲסӣһӹڵأҪſģǣϵ۾עţǺ۶һ
Ȼ˵أģǳôܷŵùǲǹгһ࣬߼˼άԲ׻ĹУϵͣɱ󲿷˵Ҫǿϲ١
˵һŽ߷ɣֻԼ߹ǡꡱѵײǽϣĻȳͻͷԭʱϲŭغȳһ٣
ϡʹĵһȣֱӽԭôӰƤɳϹȫ鶯ϽŲͣһֱߵԭǰݺһŲ£ԭɱĺУȴӱ˸顣
󣬳ת߳ȥ֮߳ǰһֱŸԭǸУ߽˷䣬ļ˲ˣͬʱ뵽϶͸ղ߳ȥйأǰԭ˵ҪľǸŮˡ
еδԭһҪǸԭˣҲ군Զҵ飬иϽ־ֳ绰ǣ绰һֱֻ֮ͨôһһ㣬ͬû˽ӣв֪ʲô£ԭĲҽԽԽиϽһ㣬ȻǣһҲû˽ӵ绰
вģһֱ񰴿򣬺ò׽ͨˣû˵Ǳ߾ʹһ𣬡ˣûõģȫеľȻɳȥˣҪԼҽԺ
󣬱ǡžһеֻﴫཡæ䣬ȴǱ߽绰ˣоޱȣֱϳ˴£˵Ĵ¾ǽԭ͵ҽԺøԭúúõġ
ɨһۣɨ죬Ȼ֪Ϊɫܾеֻ۾һϽȥֻץ˹ɫı绰гˣͿҪˣ㡭
ߣڲͣ˵ţûֻžžвҽ̶ײҪˣι𣿵׷ʲô£ι
ӦҪٴοʱ绰ﴫ̵ȴǱߵĵ绰ڳëˣˣֻøϽ嵽ԭߣ壬ŸԭӴȥ
֮ˣȻǳΪϴʱһڱסˣϺһ·˳ȥܵһֱ˹ɫſڣɫˣǱǿˣ˻Ůˣˡ
Щ˵棬⣬һеľȹ֮󣬶ų˵ǿӣ֪֯֯Ҫǿ٣벻ﾹȻһǿߣ
мüΪƯŮڼ֮۾¶˿ϲĿ⣬۾ڳû¡ļ⣬ȴϣɨɨȥֻ۾Ľ㻹ڳϵ֮䣬룬Զ
ϻ߳ȥ˸׷½ݣҪһ⳵뿪ǰһ۾͵ֻǰͣŵպþǰɫĳӡ
£ᰴųǰȥ
˾һ֮һֱ˼ά״̬ҿųӣȴû뵽תһȦ֮󣬾Ȼֻص˹ɫſڣʱ˾Ҳûлع
ֱſʱ˾͵һ飬ֱ㶵ضųϣһҶȻЩΣܿһ£Ǵ˺󳵳ţһ˽ȥҲųӱΣλе㼷Ͽ÷ǳǳഺϢ壬ȫڳϵĻ
ƽٸ˵ᰣȴû뿪ϵĻоϵĻůţȻһӣɵԶ
뵽Щˡ
ϲ֪ȥû˵ԼС˼˼˵Ǹ˾ʮֵ֮Уÿëֱֱ𣬸ȥ
˽˳ӣȴͣţһδøڳϺǸʣ㲻׳ʲô˺һϲӸԭ¼лع˵Сᰣȥ

һУǿС˵ץһϽ˵ŶŶȥ𱦣ȥʳᰲŷӦϸ֪æһ£Ҳû뵽ȥ˵㿪ɣǰ濪ʱٸͣ
䣡
һӷӵһȥ˾ڴһֿ״̬û˼άת䣬ٵȵȫ屾ܷӦúٵǸٴһֱΪǳڿ
𱦣ȥ
˽Ķǹڡ̹ˡг߿ѧȵһϢ
˿̵ĳϲ֪ڽſ飬ֻԼоҪȥҵǣǣȴףҪȥҵǣͱ˽磬棬ȥѰҡ
ü˼ܿ뵽⣬𱦣еԣʲôУүүһ죬ҲҪϢǻóԷԣһеԵľƵ꣬סһ
ãġ


10 Ϊ
ʮᰣûסƵ꣬òҵһдСյԡ֮۶ľƵ꣬᰸Ͻ˾ͣ˳
ᰵĻңһ˵˾ͽͣ£ʵǮǰʮ飬һ٣
ǰ뿪캣ʱ߼źƱƱΪ뵽һܻҪ֮ģȻ᰾ȵǣ˾Ǯ˾ȴľľĴͳǮ͵ǰ
ǲǮҪǮ㿴Ǯ
óһźƱӣ˾ȻǽǮᰵǰᰶųϣһȣ˾Ȼ񣬿۾ſ־֮⣬ȴǱϴֿ״̬оѹ˵ú£ˣСᰣһٿǮߡ

Ӧһٿ飬򿪳ŸϽ³ˣȻֱƵ꣬Ǹع˾δһٿǮų˵Ļ˼飬Żع󣬲Ŷ߶µ˳ӣٴο·˾طļȻǡ
֮ǰ˾ڿ״̬ǳĿ죬ԣǸٵ˶˦˺һ·׷˾պֿųˣٵ¶ɻ֮ɫСҡľƵ꣬ٿǰ⳵ٶҲһĿ죬һ˼⳵׷ȥˡ
ߣҪסƵȴѣΪҪ֤Բ˵ϲ֤ڼᰵ֤ڰУƵ˵Ƚϣû֤Ͳ᰽ѣ˵һѧܲѧ̨֤СĿᰰ죬ǿӦˡ
̨߰СҲʣ߸ŵһװ죬Ǯˣ⣬һƾ·ˣһŸõͷô֡
õźүү£ֽ˳Ե֮󣬱޵ĵ֪ʶųǵԣҳǾͿԲҺܶϢֿƴҲʡ
ʱ÷ǿ죬תۼˣѾڳϵļͷϳ˯ȥˣϻеϻЩ䣬еȴ÷ǳůͣ˵⵱ȻΪϵԭ
ϻϼȡ֪ʶڣԴЩʹˣָϢеӦӲϾرʱʱĳһŻɫͼƬóϾЩĪû˯ŵʱЩ߶൱Ļ棬ֱߺ죬ഺζӿĸо
ֶûǣȴһ˿ͼƬºЩԼţһҹ֮䣬Ϊһ˾ͷ˴ı仯
ͨ˽磬ϻȴ䶯ˣҹģʲôίǰгȫ̶ѣ캣Ӱޣٺȫһ˷ŷʮˣɳȥĵһҲеˣɫ㱻ңлиԭ߸г
һ¼ȫǷǳӵ¼ЩٵĿȫоͷҪˣرһеľȻǲǨ¼ʱͷ͸Ҫˣ꣬ǿƲǨǣߣжԲߣҪ٣Ҫ뷢ƣǨôأһжڰУҪǸͱ˳ȥɾҪʹزˣ
ϻίǳ뽫Ǩ¼ڸй¶۶һѳ϶Ϊ׶񼫵ɱ˿лгޣҪĺȺ֮
ţвȫ㷢ϻУֽ̨ȫƣֻҪзڲǨ¼ģһɱ⣬е۱ҪĵˣֵľҲʮСʱܵء
Ǻڶ̶̵ļСʱе˶ԳϴѣʲôĻ˵˳Ҳ˷ʣǸΪʲôɱ죬гЩ˵ʲôݡ
Щ۸һʾͱΣ켴˺ű⣬Ž̲ĵģ滹˵ǰ
Щٵ֮⣬оǵĸ룬ôһ˰Ĵڣɱ˭ɱ˭ǵȫ˭ϣǺЩٵĶ׳УһУǶǰӵʵʵģ³ϴҪǵ
˿̣ǸٳϵֻصҾƵſڣ׷˾ȥȻ׷ˣһݱֽһͼ᰺ͱϲĳˣſţЦûҵӽһûᡣ
ѧУҲʶˣʦѧһˣ˷˿飬϶è壬ǣǵĿܿͱǿѹȥ̸̸
һұ϶˵ᰣ˽ȴǳᰣһЩʽѧᰵϴѧУΪ˳Ĩᰣ̵ʱڣ͸֯Īеģʮֿŵʲôѧϰɼ׵ģʲôһƬѧУ̸һ»һȥKTV׬Ǯ
ֻû벻ģ
˽ᰵ˶Դַŭȴ޿κΣ˽ᰵˣѧУˣ㶼Ϊ᰾ˣѧУﱻ˷̲ģһνרҡڿʼ̨дۣΪʲô
Щųϣ𱦵˵һ֪ɾʱϵ㿪һҳһͼᰣ
ףⲻ𣿡
˵Щֿȥ


11 
һдޱȵ֣ˣûпޣҲûֻ֣Щ֣һ꣬Щ£һƪһƪ꣬һ಻ʱĹģгϵģүүıһС֣ǵϢϻѾǵأ硣
ϻеǿѹ£յ÷ǳʵҲǳλһġǨȴͱû̫ƽףЩʿҲɲǨ棬಻˵˵Ϊʲôһ˵ûйǵ·Ϊʲôᴩôãʲô
Щӿ糱ĨֻǿʼģѾ˵쵼ǶôôعĴҵƽѾ˶پհȫ˵ЩΪ˶˵ľǶӢۣϢܶ࣬ܿĶˡ
תӶųϣɫһƬ԰ףۿˮƲס£ʮᰣܵԩװ׵ΪһħŮħ
𱦡
һ˽˳ϵĻˮӿ˵Ҹô죿̫ˡ
Сᰣڣ
ϵôǿĻУоԼǿſҪѵģʻ˱ܷۣβܲڵõ˰
һжõġ
Ϻܼᶨ۹ȴŨɱ֪ʲôٳϵĹҲ֪ʲôȨǮף֪ľΪ𱦡Сܵί
ˣ㹻ˣ
ûк̨ûбûǮûȨûƵĳϣҪûеŮõģȭͷӣͷԣ
ϿһϵϢ֪Ҳ֪࣬һܹ¼¼Ļ֪ôͼԣϴ˵ͼĻ棬
˿̣ǸסĹ̨С㣬ŶǽϵĵӣﱨģˣһֲĻ̨Ա˵ͫ׷Ŵ󵽼£ŵôŵĶѾȥĽϣȴûаʹüӣϻתƺ󣬹̨ԱŻعһУϽץԱߵĵ绰׼δ֣Ҫʱһֻƾճ֣˷õ绰Ͳλã绰Ҳδ򲻳ȥ
˵Ҫ򣬴ûˡ
ҡҡҡ
㻹ǻ԰ɣ
ˣ
ŵµĹ̨ԱһӻԵأһЦڹ̨ϲһ飬̧¥ȥһֱߵ˳ڵķſڣ
˵ᰵ͵ر£ϳһЦᰵıЦıУɻ
߹ȥŴ򿪣˵Ҷһӣġ
Ŀģ
ǵ֯
ܣ
ֱӻ֣֪֯ʲô˼֪УĿǰһֻ֯֯Լ
һ㶣û뵽ϻôصľܾϽ˵㲻֪ǵ֯ʲôģǵ֯鲼ȫ磬ǳ󣬾ͱֻҪʱ䣬ȫڰȫ״̬еķԷȫʧʵ֣Щ˶õӦ
̫ˣ
죡
ڹţţӿȻıоܾޣɻûеɵĵز򵹵Щ֯еԣӴŻ˵һ죡
£͵ؽŹϣӵͷ˳ȥײţײһǽӿȥˤڵϣɵˣױȡ
û𾪵ģǽˤײȥʱؿûһ𻵣һˡ
ôȴûл˵ʲô
ӻһԼһľӱϾһˣعϽ˷ϢΣ˾Բܴ
Ϣ󣬻Ӳû뿪ͣ棬뿴˽ʲôʱȴ˼гǻײƵǼ䷿ŮŻ˶ȴоһǷι죬ǻعͷȥʱʱɵˣβŷ˼С
ûеȺܳʱ䣬ֻʮӺ󣬳ϾǱϲᰡӸϽ³˵磬ȥг
ҲῪ
һ㶣֮ǰĳ⳵켴˵ҿΪ翪
ϿһۣȥϲϳϽʵ磬ȥ
ȥ֣
úף仰֡ص㣬ǡȥֲص㣬ȥȻкȥȥ֣Ȼףӣٶȥһ·֮ϣɲʲô̵ƣֱǰһԤУ콫ᷢһĴ¡
С۾ﻹŵǣ˵𱦣Һүү᲻㣿᲻鷳
ᣬֻϲĳЩܲס
Ͻ˵磬ҿ԰չϲ
Ҳ㣡
ֱ˵ϲȴǿ˵Сӣ㲻ùңһӵʵˣͷȴ˵ʲôҶܵˣֻҪףŮף
ģŷŭź
Ӵ类ˣһȺڳ棬Ȼһֱϻеľ֣


12 ռ
һ·׷Ľǲ٣ȻǻӴ˺࣬٣ȻûײһһϾΥ˽ͨ򣻿ǣҪԭȴǻӿǳͨһӣҪǻӿһܳʲôӢ֮࣬Ÿ׷Ľٵÿ˵絶ȫĶ
óӣǵȻҪ׷ȿˣһˣ磬ֿ֣ϰһǶôؾְֻǣǿһ·׷ﻹǺЩģеɻеĽţеóǲڰϻеǴЦɵƣ֪·𣿾Ȼҿʲô
⽻˵ˬʱЦȴϣΪǿóӾȻûͣǰ壬һʱ䣬ڽ۾ɳˡ
ʵɣҲͣģȻڵ֯ʵǿ󣬿ǣײһ֣ɲС֯鷳Ҳǳ˵֯˽ĴͲˡ
ȻʳҪҪͣʱȴûκαʾôǰҲǲػͷ۳ϣɾôһӾһ㣬ٴμӴţ˽ȥ
ָо֣ҾȻȲס񣡡
Ҫ嵽ſʱعУûͣ³ӣȻǰ˿ִ̣ţȥѡ
첢࣬һЩ˿̶ҽԺһЩɳȥѰǣֵľֳֳ֮࣬ȴפھ棬ǵȻԸھҲûа취˿ֳ̣ƣһǶڳϵ֪Ƕڳϵʵ̲ѡ
ʱﴫھְֵԱȻȥ˺ǣһϽ̽ͷһͿһóӺֱײžĵ·ȽϿǳһֱһ¥¥ݴȻͣȡ
³ϲǣᰣһһ¥ȥӿǱӰֵģһУ˴˿̣Ѿ֪ôֻһһûи¥ʹڳƽϢ飬ͬʱųȥһĿĵء
¥ʱѾ˳˳ﶼγǹӵţ𿴵ϵһɲǣͻһ飬תҪӣ˳ĲסˣΪһܣƾҪñܵˣҲˣΪ
ǲˣ
˵һϽ˵ٹҾͿǹˡ

ԺЩҽԺľ죬治ҿǹأ͵ػͷԱһ˵ܣ绰˵ɱ˶ħɱؾУϵί֧Ԯ
ûȫƵǸܸϽδŵ绰ץ̨ϣһһשͷһשͷ飬⻭棬һ£̱ڵأӳשͷٶײǹǹѣײֻֻײϣֱѪ
о˺£ݺֱܣ춼˵һԽԽŵһ£ȴ˺δ˼ȫĶ
ϿԱߵķ䣬˵ȥ
ûжҪŵ˵Ұһѡ˵ţ˽ţ𿴵⣬͵һ˽ȥٶޱȣҲ
ȥ֮󣬳һǣɼӳȥ˻Թȥ壬岻֪Ҫʲôʵ㡭Ҫ
ߵһߣϿܹ¼׼壬˵ڿԿʼˣ˵˵һʲô£̰۹ǮΪʲôҪ캣ﹴᣬ⣬̸̸ŮɼŮ˵˾ɷĵɱĶħʲô룿˵˵֪ĹԱʲô£гίǡ
⣬һ¾ˡ
ʱ䲻࣬Ȼ㲻Ը˵ôͻʣһӣ
˵꣬ϲϣһһؽͷѣѪ飬ﻹ˵ţ㲻Ը˵ҲԸ˵
ҽŵ壬һۣϾͿҪȵһ˵˵˵
˵ϸһ㣬˵ÿһ㣬˵ʵһ㣬֪ģа취˵Ǽ٣а٣Ҿ͡
϶һ½ţǰüӲĴʯذ壬л¥㣬ֱӱ϶һ󶴣͸ȥһ¥
ֱΣɾʹβˣ£һһʮ˵˵ǧǮŮ׷ӣ⣬ɱˣȴ߳ɱ˷ܵϾֳΪÿ궼гĶӴȥ򡭡
˵޿˵֮󣬳ֽΣ˵ҵĺޣ㲻뵽˵˵п£˱ԩʱʲôܣ֪Щˣʲô֮£
һ̲Ѫһ󶴣Ͻ˵ҲˣǶ˵󣬳ϽȡȻУȥ˵ȥ


13 
ֻ˵һ䣬ҵʱܼ
סҽĴ𣬽ʮʱ䲻ܼǹͱϡ
ڳĻӿһĻȫɵסۣ֯Щˣȷʵǹֵ˵ܹȥǣӵͽֽ£˶Էӵһ㣬㹻֯ˡ
Ծأóһ۾¼
δһЩѻ֣ͨǳ߱׼ղŵĻ濴ɿ˵ǣȴڲȥ۰
򶫲֪ʲô£֪ڼĳϲûԣ򶫸Ͻ绰ϵפӣȫ֧Ԯ
绰ɫ԰׵ؿʱպóҲ̧ͷ˫ֱӳ򶫣һۣʵʵظоС˵泣Ĺɱ
£򶫲ͣ׼ӣ˱뿪
ʱϳ˴¥棬һء


14 Ҫ㱳
һ̤£ʱضɽҡ¥ȥͣĳȫѹ˷ӣȴѾ޳ãͬʱŴ¥£ڵ¥㣬ûжپ롣
򶫵ľȣ֪ѾȫӲģǸվ棬ȴ쳣۵ӰĲǻ⣬ЯľӸϽһ˸ʹֶΣԼɣΪ˰ղΣӢ
ţ͵۾ΪǸ͵һȻʮ׸ߣ˫һץһڵ¥㣬򶫻ûзӦùϼͳ嵽ǰ
ҽߣ򶫺鶼߽˷棬ʱʲôϻе죬ʲôһֵ磬װһࡱС
˷䣬ǻͷһȴûпϵӰоЩ֣ҪʱȴϽг֮ĹԱ˹ܼгεȵȶԴȴûϵϸһˡ
ϽһڵϣҲ˵ֱڳ򶫵ϣһŽһŵزţĲҽУһһӣź㵽ʲôϻе飬ҿԸ㣬㷨Ժ̣
ǲҪɱģҾ㣬ܹҹȴ
飬٣Ȼֻ飬Ϊ򶫵ĸ߳ȥ˰ͽĶ󣬲ҺٻҲܰɲ£оģֻп־壬ʵģµǱҹˣ
Ҫʲô
Ҫ㱳ӣӸɵĳȫ˵ĳ£ôһʮŮӣôһʮϲȻ֪ĹͷӲ˵ԣû˵ֻ뷢йһ£ҷйˣͻһʹ죬µҲȺ
žݻ٣⻰һϢˣ͵򶫣еһߣų˵˭øϽҡ
飡
Ϸһţ߷ɵǽϣѪٵһ˿ǻֱ۾Ҳ˺ݹ⣬˵֪ʲô㲻ɱӺ˵ЩҸ㣬Σ֪˭
ž
һŲ£򶫵ȣȶϣ۵ֱȫǲţǾҵʹȴڸһжʵġ
㡭
˵ֻȨôҸ㣬ȨûУ㲻ǲȺ˵㲻Ǿǿѹ㲻ǿԽǵķҸ㣬ҾҪˣҪײ㣡

ʹ£ȴǷһǳ̼ҵˣ콫ҴУѾˣҳΪˣֱǳ룡
̼ңһó̼ʧģûȨҲûǳ̼ļǣûе
˵ţǽһȭǽֱӱϡãٵһˣ󲿷ֶˣʧǣ֪ôˡ
ҪӻǣҲȲ㣬Щʯ飬ʱǱɱӵҪĶ˵򶫵ʧȡ֮ŨŨĿ־壬ų̼ҪûˣҪײ㣬ʲôӣԽԽ¡
󣬳϶˵Ըճ̵һԸһճ̵ľͱϹԹԱͣҰǴɲзϣģˣԸԸⱳӣ
֪ʲôҶ㣬㣡
ʱﻹ˵ô࣬˵֪ʲôȫ˵Ҳ©һ㣬ĽǽҪң
ٸϽ˵һһʮ˵ţ˵Ļ£˵ų£˵ŷ˵ĳ£ɫԽԽҰףȫû뵽ôѱһֵϡ
ȻϻҪ˵Ůӱô
˵ѡͺˣܿ죬һ˾͹ҧ˵ҲԽԽ񣬳ŭ֣бһ£ЩȨǮǿҸŮ㣬ȻʮСϣһԭװ˵ʲôմ˵һεѪ˾ͻ
Ĳˣ
ޱȵر䣬ȺԱи⣬ֻѾżʮͱŪȥʣϿһۣûжֻ˵ԺĹҪǵˣΪ£
ҲɵУȴص˵ͷ
ջ˵ģϽղ¼Ļ棬һط˹ȥʱϣһɷ籩ɷ籩Ĵȼлϻбħϡ
ߣһɫ֪ԼˣŪֱ²⵽һЩʲô򶫲뵽˵Ҫ˳̼ҵĻ
뵽ַ񶨵˵ܣܵģǿǿù̹ˡ𣿵ȾһˣԣһϣֻҪˣô˵ôǳ̼˵㣿
žӸϽǡʱ洫˺¡¡ȴǾˣ϶Գ˵㿴ˣô߹ȥģеʱ˶治һã
һԾ¡


15 
ޱȵı飬˵ǻ֪ôģų˵ģҲųǣǿԼȥţͣظԼǾܵ飬ǿǾӣٱ̬ôΪУǹɲǾǹˡ
֮ˣΪ뵽˳˵Ҫ̼ҵĻܹӣǲǾζһˣܹƾű̼һȥ
뵽ЩǵĶŮĸܣǱҲиӣǰû¹˭أὫ˼Źֿڣúܶ࣬Խ࣬Խ¡
ųϵӰ濴ȥʱ˺¡̹ˣһʱ䣬ޱȵǿ̹ˣ㲻ܽе˸Ҳܹ򶫵ľϲû꣬Ϊ̧ͷһ˷ɻһܣܡ
ɻĺǳ̶ڳ򶫵ĶȴĸάҲĽҪ
ģ򶫲࣬Ϊˡ
֮෴ǣҲе㷢ףҲЩµˣͨ죬˵һ٣϶ʮģҪȻҲ֯
ǣΧģǶʮˣһ̹ˣһųڣܷɻоҲģΨһϣǸΪ𱦡ϡ
ϣ𱦡
ţȴǲţҲЩǣ۾ųϣһתҲת
ΧģϺ֪飬Ҳںʱһ԰洫ϵĺѾΧˣˣ͸ϽͶǽĳͷ
Ҫڶ飬Ȼһ´أεûеݵ鷢ֻǣһȭͷʯͷָһʱʯͷĶȣ԰ȳȥ
˼״ʯͷǣУҪԵԶʯͷʱʯͷ˸ߵͬȫ쳣ΪôеʯͷѾɱǷ·𿴵ͬԴһĻ档
ȻֻӦûѪǣ԰Ѿ򴩣ʯͷ˵һСĵʵ죬û¶
ۡһ³ʯɳ˵ˣһΪѾˡ
Ļ£ܰһƬⰲ÷ǳ£Щ˵еǳ¾ǿԴ򴩣Ƕ𾪣಻Ǳ߶ѣǣôһʯͷͱʯɳ˵ʲô
еһ̶ʶǰǸˣĵ˲һ㡣
ͻأԽԽ죬ЩȻޱȵ𾪣ȴǵһʱع񣬽ǹ׼˳ϣǲòΪ
Ȼһ׼˱㷢֣Ǹ鲻׼
̹ˣ
    ɻ䡣
ˣ
Ƭͱǹֵ֣Ͽνţµ·ɳϻţŤ֮䣬ȴûһӵֻǺ¡ѵ̹ˣԽԽˣǺɭɭڿڣȫ׼ϡ
˷ѹѹ
ʮףףһס
̹ײˣлӵڴ󣬵˵۾뿴ϾôϵĽŲûͣµƣǱ͵뵽ʲôԾ̹ˣӵֻҪҪ
ѹ
򶫵ĺУϳˣһȥǰֱ̹ӱ߷ˣǷ˵Ļûʲôֻ̹˹˹˵عԶ
ͺϸղһţߵò̹ˣһֻ
е˶ɵˣ˿۶ǷɻϵĻǹ֣Ҳ·𿴵˽սһ㣬ڳ򶫣ոպȳһѹ֣Ҳ²ĻѾޱȣκ³һֻ֣ǶԳ˵ģǶԼ˵ģ֪Լˡ
˱ȻϲϲᰣǻӣᰵϲΪƽ£ӵϲΪϵʵʵֵ֯ͶˣͶʡ
ˣϿû㶣Ӽǰ壬һ߷̹ˣһץסڹܣֱϣӵһߣϾķʽȺ֮Уǹˡ
ϲûȡЩ˵ֻȫ˹ȥǸûµĴ죬һĻȳϳֱ֣ӻ˹ȥ
ɻϵҲȫɵۣͻأһܷɻ˻ع˵Ͷըը
Ӫ˻ǵ˴һ𡣡
ģͶͶôϻ
ΪӪˣ˵һǹָԱϣԭӪгƷ磬Ҳǳ̼ˣǳСĵܵܣȻھӻ죬ȴҲ֪Ҫ뽫ڸǹȥͱҪɱ˴ˡ
ʦܾɱǹڶţʱʧо֮£Ҳ͹˲ôˣֻýըͶȥƷ˵ߣùը𣿡


16 ѹ
ը
ѾΪԼ˵ĳ򶫣һĻϸ˲˹ĻһӴӵһ㣡
ѹ㣬ѵը𣿹
ȻһЦ⵰ȥɣֻҪˣеһжƽ˾٣಻طѣҺΣ
ûȥϵըȴǶų򶫣Ũһһ˵ģһԶײ㣬Զ㷭Ҫסʳ£һؤҪؤ
ӿըԭҲޱȵأϻµ˵Щ֪϶û¶ˣ˵ģƾųϸղһţͿըɻȥ˵ϵķɻء
ǣʱ˲ϢըҪڳϵˣϻûһ㶯׼Ҳ׼ţɫһαó۾Ҵÿһ˲䡣
򶫼״ֱӽǰ˵ĻԵЦ˵ƨɵ˰ɣҶ˰ɣը֪ھܣҲˣҸԣҪô㶼֪ߣҪһײ㣬ΰɣ
ͬһ˲䣬ƷҲڷɻ˵ͳ̼ΪУֱ֪ôдһըӶ̫ʹˡ
˵Ļ˻ɳȴϿ˵ըû
˵ţ֡
ȥһɲǣը˳ϵ
ȥɣ
һʹغ˳ƷҲںͬĻǣһȥˣȥˣ롢롢ʮ붼ȥˡ
ըȻûбը
ôúõģһֻӰ㣬ڳϵҪలжల
ɵˣе˶ɵۡ
ֻСһڵأʯƷӶҪɳκ󣬳Ʒعģը϶ǳδõԭ򣬴ӶʧЧˣһţ
ǷԱҲǲʵƷĻоƷٴνǹѾһըҲûټֱ֣˵ڶը
Ȼڶըǰ˳ϵ
Ҳţӣ
ӣ
ӣ

һššššʮš
еըϽУ·ЩըʯͷһƷѾۣӲţӣ
ûˣըȫӹˡ
⻰Ʒ˲ʧøɸɾﲻͣ߶ţǲţڳ򶫣ŵˣҵ£ǴõڵǱڵȻ棬ԭΪùһӵʱִ䵽˵ʮ˲İǵ÷
ӵ𾪣ѾôݣϵʵԶԶس󣬿űһըĳϣоԼСþ̩ɽµһʯͷ
ͻأƷɡѷɻ׹ϣЩըˣҾͲŷɻҲǻġƷһֱΪը⣬ʵĿǰеһУȫ
׼ɡûʱ򣬳ӳһըըٶȱٶȶҪʮӳһ˲䣬ըײ˷ɻϣȻ󣬡䡱һը죬ɻˣķѣƷҲˣøɸɾһ˿ҽ¡
һը˵Щըģ
ʣµܷɻ״ﻹͣҪԶȥʱ͵һȣҹܷɻϿźóһξ룬ٶô죬ܴôԶĵطƫƫܷɻϵ˸
ʱǻһ˵ô죿Ҫȥ𣿡
Ƿˣ׷ϣ
ұһܷɻԥһܷɻȴǿ뿪ȥ۾һݣһըǼܷɻȥǧ֮룬ըɵɻѳ
˿ԥұһܷɻԹԵع򶫼״Ѿû˹ȥе˿ϣȫǿɳһ
𱦣
ᰴ˵ҲĬ˳Ͼ𱦵˵ҪȻôһУֻ񻹲һ𹿰
ΪֹҲ˳̼ܽһٵ˵۳̼ж۳̼жٲƸλжߣܵپΧɱɵеӵըܶһ˿˺ԾԵ̤ȥʱ˭赲ס˭ָ赲
Ҫʲôűը֮ĶȫԴЧĻǾ͸ˡ
һ̵УȻû뵽֯뵽ǣһĻȥֻ綼Ҫˣ϶Ϊ֮ʲô׹ӹӢ֮࣬㾡ȫýֶҪ׽֡
˿̵ĳȴûֱͱһը򶫵һڹԱȥߵֱһŲڳ򶫵ϣʹѹһ۾Ϳһըĳϣԥֻ˹ȥһŽѣʵղ㿴ҪûпĻҸһ
򶫲ͣزȴ˵һ
ˣʲôˣȫ˵˵һ㻰ģ⣬еĲУʦȫйѲǨģ캣йģ
ʱ䣬ֻаСʱСʱǻûҾһһըϵޱȵر䡭


17 񻰰
ϵܵҪǸоᡢȵ֮࣬ЩٵǾԾǡ֣ٿЩըǸϽͳֻδһ绰ڳǰèҪèǣڵ绰ȴȻޱȣֻУһЩ
ϻе£˹ҵĹעĹע绶ϵ˫ĿȫͶϻУͶ˳ϣҪϻеһУȫܷԲ֪
ȻϢй©˳ȥҵƷǳϸ񣬼ǳߣܹε󲿷ֵļ̽ϻ֮ĳУ಻֪ʲô£ϻڣЩ˶֪ϹڳϵƬۣᰡϲģڼ̵ʱڣȫʧˣҲҲһټȥҲʲôѲ
ǣҵĴֱϾƲ˹⣬ڱЩƵڹȴɸְ汾֣شȥ߽Ծ
Ҵ˾٣һΪά򶫣̼ҵĲСվңʱ򣬿˵̼ͣҶҪ׼ΪֳļֵԶԶһ򶫣˵ܹŪըΪʲôᱬԭǹҵ̨ס
һ£ģսʱйǧöըɳٸֱӽЩըǽһ𺳵Ļ档
ٽըɵпգ񻰰һ£ըԭӵϣǻĹĶ
ʱĹİ˭ˬ˭˭
Ȼһж󣬿Ļϻеĳϣ棬ȰǷǳõĶ
Ҫģ壬ѪҺЩѾҪϸץʵ뷨ǡòõģ̼ҺЩ˾ôġ
ԣ۴ĸ棬ҶҪϸ£ѩѾɳ˺ЩԱĶȣϻС
׹ӹȵȹңҲɳֱ֣ϻУҶǴȻ֪ϵĺô
ڵ֯ҲһʱϵҪһҪϣ֯ЭζҪ֯棬ͬʱ˻ӺܶĽܴȨһпܰϣܳҪʲô
յʱСʱӿ϶ǻϲޱȣȴǺƽ֪Ҫʲô֪ʲô֪ԼõѡѾ֯ǰǸͦεӰ
лǳΪ֪ϻ᲻ͬȥƵҪʱĻ棬ӻǵú
籩ĳϣЩҪģǻָᰵԭʵȺܿ죬һΪĳӣ¥ǰЩ֮ģӳˣǰķɻ̹ˣһſڵϵˣǺĴأɫ԰ףӿ˼Ĳ
һȺߵǰ۹һɨЩ˶ʱ궪꣬˵ǽһСһŮħͷģ
ҡ
˻ŽƱ磬ֱһٵȥ˶ʱײûͷѣ˵ߵģģͷβдһֶ١
ЩУͲԽΪΣһĶѧͳǮĶӹٽԣ˵Ƕ浱ٵĿȥһӴ˺дǾд˼һùףǸˣôУģְȫְ¿Ρ
¿λץǰƣǹҵĸǶҡ˹ҵĸɱͷΪе飬㲻ǹУҲҪһӵΡ
ͽ̡

еĹԱȫ˵ƨҪϳһڶȡӹһ٣ЩУȫɵˣôҲû뵽һСȻĽѧУǸУȻƵ˵гǿ绰ģ˵һҪ
죬Ҵû˵
˻๷ҧûи棬ֻǵ˵ʮӣʮ֮ڶд꣬ǽдˡ
һЩ˸Ͻӽүǰϲųһ·ܵĳȷʵܴ󣬵ٵΪĳ
ϲǰ̲ס˵ҲжŮˣΪʲôͲܽıһ£ǵԩܸ𣿡
תһԱ˵Ҷǻˣ˭ֲգΪηǵҪֳŵȣǵѾˣһ·һ꣬Ѿʧȥأ޵ؿɸ֣ڣҪǵļңĺ̰ǵأ𣿡
ϲ˵ݺᣬһӵٵҲȻȻΪгѹҪһʱϼ˵϶ƻ칫ȵץˣ֪ôġ
ǰϲ˵ϲģһǶһƲӣұ֤˵֣ޱȣЩٵȴ׹ѡ
ʱɫһ䣬Ͻǰ


18 Ҫ
磬֯˵ˡ
Ŷ
ϵػһ֣ûйۣѾĻӣϽڵֽ֯оѣܴ֯󣬿˵ڸҶзֲָ˲ŶУڵģԵģѧоĵȵȣʵǿҲڣΪҽ֯ĺĳԱԣкܴ²ֻǾ˵һЩܹƻһ˲ţΪûмҲȷ
Ŷ
ϻô̶̵һ֣ʱԶһĦзٶռʱ·ͷһת۵Ĺ򣬾ͣ˳ǰڵϵ״ƽͷģʮҵӣȴӶֻǽԳ˵ӭ֯
ʮӣӣӣ
ûȥֻ֣ƽͷҲûнûа仯ôЦţ˵Ҫʲô˵ʲôᣬ֯㡣
Ҳ̸¡
˵꣬תˣЩ˵Ҳд˳߹ȥ˵ЩӡУ۴С꣬ҾͰһѡ
Щ˭˵أ
ٵȥжһڸԵĵط⣬ӻָԱǰŰΪǸһ࡭
ƽͷȻûߣĵصţһʱ֮зɻڴ˵أ߳žװˣкüԱװпϵĻ棬أȻƵѾ׵ʵ𺳳̶ȱƵϴٱ
װɨƽͷһۣȴޱȵ˵סǻģʶȤģϽ뿪Ҳ
ƽͷЦţҲҲŭ
װ˵֮󣬾ߵǰ˵ģңвµˣְвƲȫûգ˵ǽΪˣҲһŵףĶ׹Ҫǽץ
һڹԱȫˣ˵ľ൱Ƕǵоǽ̣۾ƣǶ̡̣ǸָĶȤζȫ룬ԺǾͽˣˣܾǣ
ڴľĳ򶫣ⷬ׹ѣ֪ԼˣӺͶҲۣܵ޺ϣΪʲôҪôǿ󣬺̫ݣǣȫԼôԴϲᰵģǺֹкݣֱǶ
Ĵǽϻеϵͳϵ¶һ飬սбȽϳںƽǷǳģ޷Ӧ˵
ֵ㻹ʲôҪ󣿡
̼ң
ɫһ̼ͣڻռʲôĵλǳڻ˵̼ȷʵһȻҪԸȻǲܵġ
ܻܲһ
Ǿû̸ˡ
Ͽûôõģ鶼òˣҲ׼ү뿪˵أ˵ʵԣթ֮Ǻ
ȻҪߣȴ˽ϸֹסˣڳǰģԱһ˵ǻȥһˣ
˵أ
øǻȥ򣬺أҲֻһˣ
𣿡
ȻǵģǿɲЩͨˣ㡭
˻˵ţѾǰ̤ȥ˴ŭͬʱ֣ÿóһ鶫ΧסϸоĪѹĿ鶫ɢҪĸȥ
ƽͷЦѹǻá
ҿ˵һ̣һǧ֮⣬ʮѹ׼㣬еļͷǶеļͷǿᣬˮȵȣǧ֮ʮֻǹ㣬ӵпԽ߼̹˶䴩Ĵ׵Һѹȼյȸֵҩû˼롭
Ǳң

Ǿɡ
ϵ˵һ仰ӺضҴȣ磡ʱֳһʱܼĵϸ棬ټϴѹ̵ͣ
ƲԳԷƣԲ
֮һ˵ЩõĿȫǷǳֶΣ˵һˣ٪޼͵ĿҲǵĶ֡
Ȼһ˲䣬ǾͷԼˣشˡ
ֱֻ֣Щȴȷʵڵĵһץס켴ɳһȫһţ˿ͷƤ飬ղŵɡű鵴Ȼ޴档
ţ϶ԿպȭܷѹĶȫѿܵػѪӱ˿ȥڵϲͣѪ۾ȫǾ֮⡣
ǵ𾪻ûֻ꣬ϽɵĵţȻһþֱӷɳʮţȥٶ֮죬ǸձӳȫʧԶ
Ҽ״ɫ䣬˵ǧ֮ĹֻΪϣֵƣǻȥܻץ£һҪ׽ġ
ǣת֮䣬ƷתҸϽóֻͨѶٱ飬ûһ֪Щˣʱˡ
뵽ϸղһУҵ忪ʼԱǸƽͷϵЦҲסˣȻָЦݣЦôȻ
Ҫ𣿡


19 
Ҫ𣿡
ϵһʣ˸Ӧ
ڶϵʵԽǿǵõĺôԽ󣬿ɵһ̣ϵʵȫǵԤϣĶǿ̫ˣЩֻܴضеĵȻţ󱬿һ˦ǧס
ľˣ˽Ҳ˲ţô칦ǰ˱㲻ʲôǣұϾǻľˣþ飬ǿԼ侲˵ǻˣԻΪأ
ֻ˵ģ˭ˣҾɱ˭ƽ£Ҿͳ֣˲ƽǶĹ٣Ǯԣȥǵˣһ㲻ƽ£ҳ־顣
ϱϲץסᰵ֣ԶȥҴ𶯣ȴ˵ղôѹȷʵˣ˵㲢޵еģĸס㣬ʮˣİٸˣİ򡭡ôѹ˲㣬жиָһ̣ץסġ
İץһһʲôֲ
ҼӲĲУ˵ǿԵҪʲôˣǶ԰ңֻҪǺ㽫õܶࡣ
ʲôҶֻ֪Ҫҵ˲֪
˵Ǵʵȴô룬ȻΪУŭҪ˵ȴͻת˵ǳ̼һˣ
㡭
ɫ䣬֮ǰ۴ΪȫǺӦ䣬Ϊ˺ǸСա׹ƬһǻֻۣտǱǰ˻ö࣬ջǸɵϣһ仰͵ĵ㡣
Ȼǳ̼ҵģҾͲؿˡ
˵ţһţʱܵ𶯣Ѫѹǵ£ȴû˵Ÿ̼ңһȥǵġ
󣬳ǰȥӸϽȥƽͷЦţȴǲ֪˵ʲôãκԻ˵ҪʲôҪ£Ѿܴģ֯ϻú
ƽͷ˵꣬Ħгȥ˵磬ȥ
뿪㿪ɣ

ӣת˵Сᰣ㻹ҪҪ߿
ʹҡͷЦ𱦣ҲҪ߿ˣ˺ܶ飬ȥ߿Ļǿ϶ҿϣҲû˼ˣ׬ǮԼŬ׬Ǯүү·үүӡ
˵᰿˿ϣɬ˵𱦣һģ𣿡

׬Ǯȥ¹ⱦУòã
á
˵Ż˲·᰾Ҫҵһˣһ£ҲûȻҲͷ£˳Ȼֶޱȵ˵Сᰣʲô
һˣģȥСݣ׬ǮͿ󷹹ݣٿƵ꣬ʱүүһķӡ
õ֮УԺͻرĳһӤĻޱȣɫȴϼ䣬ţкܰܰ
ɾʱ˵磬˰סˡ
ϿȥֻܱϰɫĳΧסÿﶼ߳ĸˣϵ£ȫһڣһߵӵĳǰ棬䵽ʮȣ˵ΰ̫õȥ
ݣӹǾȻô죬ǽڻĵ˴룡
ź⣬ӹɫҲˣϼ״ʵСᰣ㲻뿴ǣ

ᰵͷ𱦣ӵ˺ܻģǿòʵòιĻӹɱ˻ĵһǣеĸŮûзŹ
۾ųŨɱ˵Сᰣڳչүүȥȥͻ
𱦣СģǻҪһ𿪷ݵġ
İɡ
һЦһʾ˳ӣߵǸСǰһʱ䣬Ұǡ
£һŻƲԳԷƣǡ

һȥСӵӵըֳ߰˿飬ѪȵһĻһڹɫ󾪣ǲûгߣӳ˺ܶըըһըҲըҩһĶըɫҺ壬кɫҺ壬йİ
ͬʱһ𣬡£֪һӵըҩ㶼ûôԣʹõģ̫оĶɫǳͼΨһĹܾеĶӦѪҺѭ񾭴ɫҺ壬ΨһĹƻƻѪ֯ƻϸںɫҺȴǺܶ˶ϲĶҩֻŨȣ󣬱֤
һ£ֵԣǻȥ̫ԸѼ

ϻһ֣̤ǰȥȷʵϸожЩԭЩЩأԹļǿǰȥ
ڤ粻飬̲ϣȽŮץˡ


20 
ڶ̶̵ʱôһɼǵʵǲİӣǵĺ·¶Ƶ·Ƶ֣һӵĳȥҪ᰸ץһֱɱϣŵҲƵĺϽ˿ߣޱȡ
Ͽǳӣ˫һ߾ȫȻЩȷʵӰ죬ǣĶȾͺܿ죬ܵһЩӰ죬һЩȣԹ˵ǶȻһ졣
Ȼ׻ƻ֮˱ףڽ׻ʱ򣬱ĲףǳϻпܱЩ£ڣϼȥ˫̤أ𶯣Щĳֽ౼ŵĹǣֱӷѪӿܶ켴
ͬʱѾץԥأָһ󣬵ԴһѪأǱߵĹ첻ͣش죬ٿһ㣬ٿ㡣
ץͷʬ壬ֱȥ󾪣Ͻһҵǹ۶ʱǹܻ棬ҲƵģ¶ȷǳߣʬոսӽ⵽ͱճ˻ҽһʱһʯͷû۶Դͱ÷顣
ȺףȺȴûоţûҿǾȻؽţٸƺϽ˿㽫סĳӿʼź䵽󣬷ֱ෴ķ򣬿񱼳ȥԭЩϽ˿ߵԴͷЩϡ
ʮһȷʵСһ·˽סȥ֧Ԯһ·ˣɱӣǵĿȷҪǣƳϣóĸԸΪκ¡
ӵĳܱܻãûЩ͸ǣĳӱϾǡ007Ӱϵļӣôɱӳ˵ȴ֮⣬
᰿ϱֵǣ۽ˮ鲻Խػ䣬˵𱦣ߣҪǡûܴӳ洫أ˫ﾡǷŭнסǹЩƿ˳ӣ׼ƴס
Χлȼȴһ·̲ΪϻͷȥЩӼΧסѾиųӣǿһӡ
Ǽ䣬Ժһ죬ŭ𴫱ȫһץס˿߽泶ʱǼʮҲǰƶð֣ţڳĹǣͷֳ뿪˵桭
ͬһ˲䣬Ͻ̤أʯ飬վʽ𼦶״һֻɿߣɲʱһʯͷײ˹ӵ塣
ڿҪΧųӵĹɾʱһֻٴ̤£ͬʱϽ˿߱ϣǼʮҲͱϳɵУЩǱѵû˿飬µʵϻǸ˿־顣
־Уߵļʮڿײ˲ȫײɲкϽϽ˿һգȥЩϽ˿߱װٹܵĵһʮӲϣһϽ˿߸еķǵĲӣʮԴն
Ӽ״һ㶣һ֮䣬Ͻ˿ٴηɳղŵһĻһݣϼİٶӣʣһٲֻ̲Ҳ˳ӱߡ
һ˵һ㣬ͲһܳɹֻҪƿ⳵ӣŮЮ֣Ҳֻѱֻ򡣡
ʣµĹҲԣȫڻ˵Ķηسϣ̲ĳԱͻһʧˣüͷһ壬켴ǰЩʲôʽʲôطֻ֪Щ˵ĿҪץסᰣס᰾㹻ˡ
̤У͵أһŻƾ𣬽ϰΧȻһ̤ϵëǱ˸⣬ƤҲЩ̤ͬʱϽ˿ΧһȦʱѪն
Щܹ˵ҡ
϶İ˽ûΪֹ˵ĶԺ˲һ飬Լ㽫Ͻ˿תΧ񱼳ȥ
һЩø»סϣǲ֮£ЩҲûзǽлʣµϬȫһȻԴ赲ϡ
ѾӸһѷĹӿ⸱棬ΪˣΪԼ϶ܹɹ¶Цݣ￴ȥ϶δͣѾŪһӣ˽ȥӱԴҪӸɵǣһѷ죬Ƕ˽ӵļʼήֻأôҲ̧
ͬģϲ˹ȥȻûлԣҲãϻĺɫЦ˵ϾҪץˣ֧ǣϽͣ£ȻҾҪŮ˵
˵䣬ӵᰣףѾڿˣɾһ˲䣬ӸоԼļʹٿȥֱֻۣȻ壬򴦿տҲеֻⱩѪ
ҪУʹſȴûֻ˫۾ϵȥͬʱϴӺ䱬߳ȴѾһڡ
Сᰣģһػġ
˵꣬ʣµĹɱȥڹӹˣϺ飬һſԴٴηԾ˿УҲʱǧĵطӢ˵ᣬǸô죿Ӳģģ


21 Ѫⶾ
ᣬǸô죿Ӳģģ
ס˳׹˵ԼˣȥӲ𣿡
Լ룬˵ңղǰﰫóҪ඾ж඾û뵽Ǳ˼þ⣬벻ӰȻĳôණðϢȥ˺úò飬ӰлʲôŪĸԭӵˡ
ǵĺúòһ飬ģǾ͸һ𡣡
֮ǰɵҪЩŮתߡ

һ˵ԽԽƫģȻڽ˻Ǿ޴ѹǻͷһۣԼ˵밫һսˣ˵Ѿ֧ǿ֮ĩǸպÿɼ©
ȥ񡣡
ˡ
Լܾźһս򶷣ע׹ооҩõĿ񻯣ҲңȻƴҲܹһж̹ͣһһžͰ̹߷ɣ
ֹ룬˵Ҿģ˿϶ӲӲģ˼ķŭ֮⣬ãģԲվĵжԷ棬Լʧ˵Ϊ׹񣬿ǻе롣
˾Լ˵дһǿʯҲԭأʮֵԼˣٷǣȥʣµȴ
ǡ
ܿ죬棬ʱϸոսӸȫɾϴڴڵشŴЩӰԽԽˣɸоǰ͵һתкϽ˿߾ҪӳϽ˵æģûж⣬ǲ֡
Ͻ͵˫־ٵУ֤Լ۾һУûǣߵǰᰵĺԽԽ΢ǸĺɫмῪӣҲǻԣǿ˳۾ûգһ£ֱ˫ֽץųӾǰܣҪ뿪Ƭж
Լ˿ĿɿڴԼ˵ûӲģȻĻǵԴпܰˡΪȻصͷȴȥˣҲһᡣ
ʱﴫӳˣɳҲˣǰﰢ
ǣǽˣ͸ɱۡ
ǡ
ţ׹˵ĿƼǿģǰɳҲȲԼ˶Ǿųӽɵĳϣɳᣬ˵𣿡
ҲĲˡ

ô𣿡
ûС
Ĵ˵ֻһ
Ƕǳģ˵ʲôһȭȥܰ䴩̫ˡ
Ҳ
ŵʱ򣬳Ѿųӵ˰ȫشϽģϷ³ӣᰣޱȣȴƫƫˣȼӣкʹ֪ôΣᰵǸϵһ˲䣬ϵȴޱͻأðһͷѪι̷
ϸ㲻ΪʲôͷҲԼѪιǷãɵҧԼָָᰵ
ᰵķӦǺܳٶˣһĻǿ鲻Խأˮһ˲䣬ųѪһ𣬡ǰ𣿡
켴Լ˻ش𣬡ⶼ㰮ʲô㰮ѪԽԽ࣬ᰵļ⹦ָĶ࣬ϵѪȻܵһӰ죬Ǹ᰽ⶾȴû⡣
ϵѪᰵ棬ѪһѭʱԺЩȱĻ棬оһͳĻ棬᰺߲ѣԺȴһģԶġ
ȻϽܷܵĶһĴҩ֮ȴûܽ⣬ǳϵĺҲԽԽ٣᰾ǲ磬ܶ˫֣Ѿϲýﻹںţ𱦣𱦡ջ
ǿס˿һԵϲҧһֵָֻνϲͱͺܴˣĳЩѾӽͣͣϵѪһӿ룬ϲоԼһɻ𣬲ңĳЩܽӽɥʧԣҩĶϲӰ컹
ϲõò֮󣬳ٿӣ뵽Ϊ磬һûõģҪǰȺӵĹǿٱҲҾſҪͱҪкܶ£һɨƽܷ㡣
һ˲䣬˾Ȼ㽫˹ҲѪ۾ô˸мһСӣѪգǴҩ֮Ҳⲻˣûпᰣһ˿¶ûУǿס˵磬ȥ˼䣬ܹҵĶ
ҲɣϲסᰣץŻӣӣǰȥתۼʧǵǰ˻ڳϵѪĻУعȵϽģȥ
ᣬҲ볢Ѫʲôζ
ҪõһѪ׹Ӣۡ


22 ֱǿ
񱼳ȥȻһƬǹըϣǣԶĵطгرܣϾгĽֿ񱼶ȥ
Լ˽ںԼȳϵѪɲҪ׹ӢۣԼøǿ𣬾Ҳɢȥỹ֪
鼱֮£ϵٶȷǳ죬ûʱ䣬˾ͱԶԶ˦ں棬ʣµͬ飬ڶԸҵˣҲϲԣֻؿųϵӰԽԽԶȫʧ˵Ұ
ᣬô죿
ǺжˣңС˵оŨҩֵ֪ҩ붾ͬȻܺý⣬ȥŮ˾УһʱûҵŮˣûнĻ鷳ʹˣܵô죬ѪҲܳǴҩһֻҪҵŮˡԼˣ˵Ůࣿ
ӦǼԺɡ
ϵʹݣǰæһ¡
ǡ
Լ˻ǰ񱼡
ܵ˽ϣһȳϽ˷Ž˵ȥ˼䣬ٶȣ
ǣ硣
ûжĻң˵һ˿㲻ŵûԹȥҲȴƽ⻹Ƿǳֵһ¡
ϴӻг̧ͷȥ֣ⷢԭ˾ǱˣǰعǵǸ˾üһ˼˵Ժ͸ҡ
лл硣
˾˷ܣѾЩ𾪶ˡ
ʲô֣
¾
ϲ˵¾÷ɿ죬֮ó¾ΪԵ֣һżȻͣڶԿ˵żȻһ٣ٶǾͲżȻǱȻˡ
¾Կ⳵ΪϻеĵλȻټǴαһţ󣬿ʵߣٶȿ÷ɿ죬һ·Ҳûй̵ܺơ
ʱϻУҲûоάˡ
ܿ죬¾ĳͣ˼ſڣϱ˳˽ȥʱ򻹲ϣ˼Ƚ壬˼ıϽҪס
˵ôֱ࣬ӽײȻһܼܳشѹĲ˽ȥŮأŮ
ʲôŮˣ˯أҪŮ
Ա߸պ߳һŮˣЦ˵˵󿴵ǲһأתȥ˵Ůģ
ҡ
Ů˾ŵúܣɻѾܲˣֱӳȥϼ״Ҳᣬϲó¾չˣŻеᰣԽԽ죬üͷš
ӵĴҩ˼Ů˽ᰵĶȴұˣǳʵĸܣ͵ϻ˼֮ʱᰵ˫Ѿڳϸﻹ˵𱦣Ұ㣬ҵ𱦡
ޱȵˡ
϶ᰵ۾૵𱦣һԵʱһָоҾŮˣҵĴھΪ˵ȴ㡣
ԣд󶯣ΪҲָо
СӦþҪҵ֮һ
˵⣬߽һշڴûٰղ½Ϊʱ̲ݻˣԣǿƵֱ̬롭
Ҳ
ɲУһܡ
һСʱɢһҸڳϵĻԺȴһЩֵƬϣϸųᰵͷҲ֮ǰ᰺϶Ϊһ֮ʱͻȻȻðĻ档
ȻǻȻóɻѣѾȷ᰾ҵˡ
⣬ֳ͸оһɢգȫϻоԼֱǿˣ˵ǵȸ֮ʱӿࡣ
ţҪڵ״̬ȥǰսȺСһ˿һ˲ˣЩʲôѹҲͣͰ֡
Сˮ齻ڷ仯𣿡
ţʵСᰣԼǿһЩ
Ըоһ£Ժ˵Щֲ֪ͬﲻͬ
Ǿͺá
𱦡
СᰣҲܵ˺˺ˣҶǸۡ뵽Щ۾ɱ䡣
ӦҪȥСݵġ

ǲȥ𣿡
ã
ϰֳɶûУŮˣû̫뷨ֻҪŮ˿ģ᰽ϱøˣǣ˱仯
ǣǣһ֮裡
ϵ˼䣬˻ûеõϢǻŲ飬ͬʱҲͬ˻ҵƴɱרˣϾǻĵĵ̣ǿɲҴĵظɡ
ĹҲѰųϣһһ˱˻ǽӵȫҵϣϴӲ
ųϣ֮䰵еƴɱҲھֹˣе˶ڳϣҶף˭ҵϣõϵ֧֣˭δƾͻ
ϵĹӶҲ¼УڶӶȴһֻĹӶı
ڶҶѰҳϵʱȴ˼䣬һһŮеĿŮòͯŮ˼䣬ûȥŻӽⶾҲû¾ֻ֣ΣţϴЦ⡣
ȴš


23 ͯŮ
Сʱ󣬳ǣᰵ˿ᰴǳΪѰҵ·Ϊ·ײʱ򣬾ͻΪ˻ҽ˼ҵ·֪Ƕôˡ
˿ȷʵˣرǳΪŮˣϵߺõ·ҷһۣǰŮȻǴС¶ǵľ磬ȴ㹻ͦΣ·Ĳ棬߶֮䣬޷顣
еķ飬ڳϵġ
ӵĶڽˣǸŮͺˣϸʪһ飬Ů˿Żӣ˵磬ǿҶҪˡ
ҡ˵ϵĿӸŮˣ˵һǮȫġ˵꣬ӳ˳ȥоԼǰȫһﵽһʱ뵽ľǺȵĴЩѪЩ仯ЩѪġ
һµ·ЩǮ˵Ѿ㲻ʲôˣΪⶾŮˣڼ󣬽ȡһʱ۾ˣΪһ㣬壬֮󣬼̱ڵأӵ£Ů˾˸ҪΪ
ȻǺ󻰡
˼䣬һԽͯŮæվߵǰҽܣǽͯ
Ů
ۣǽͯŮ
᰾ȵ˵ͯŮһЦͯ˵ǵģ˫̥
û˵ֻǶˣŮ˵ҺҸսġ
ְɡ
£ͯŮ˳һ㣬ϣٶȼ죬֮ûľмɽҲûǽڵֻϸ΢ĺۼ£ⲻ˵ǽͯŮУǡǡ˵һ˫̥Ŀǿ
ǰʱѾһ磬Ŀ꣬ǳϵ࣬ͯŮҪһ
ɨһۣûκ仯ֱֳȭͣڿգ벽ƶһ֮󣬺¡һը죬籬飬ͬʱƬܣƴӿյ䣬иֽǽҲһϳѺۡ
ڽͯŮһ˫̥ѪײʮΣȻײǽɵ棡
ӳÿһĻھôԺڵѾˣȻֻǣԺʹŽͯŮ
¾ϲѵĺ֮꣬üΪϲ˿ȴǾ˫۾񣬸˸оһ׳СƵģϲҲ֪Լı仯ΪϣٿŮ״Ҳ֪ʲô£ԴˣȻᷴԣϲȥԳ˵ҵȵģҪû㣬ˡ
үүҸġ
Ҳүүһ
ϲ˵ԺС᰾ͽˣҪúöǸŮ
үүѾŮˡ
᰽ߵ˵ϲᰵԴЦŮ򣬹Ȼûڸ첲ˡ˵үүұ֤һúöģίҲκ۸
㡣
ˣүү뿪ɣҪȥһСݡ
ᰶķ֮Ϊ³һȥҹˣϲȻ֧Ů⣬һȥ
أų¾¾ﻹʲôˣ
ǹ¶һ
ûʣҪ¾ȻҪó¾ļ£ܵǣڵΪ˵ģߵͯŮ˻㶵ڵϣ֮ǰ֪ϺǿɵȽ֪ǿˣڳǰʩչйȴ˼һȭ֮£⵱ȻǳԾ
Ҫȥ࿴һۣæվܵϺ棬һ˵ˡ
Ҳǵˡ
ǰ˵£Ǿ˵ˣֱܴӮˡ
һ˼ֵҪȥݡ
ͯŮһ㶣ȴָϽ˵ܹϴ룬Ҳܹ˲ˣɨء
Ǿ͸Űɡ
Ҳ˵ûʲôıͯŮϽ˵ллˡ˽ں뻶һ
˳¾ĳ¾˷ţ֪ӴԺǰ츲صı仯ţͯŮ˳ں
һƳһĳ·Ͽ񱼣һξ󣬻˵ϴߣױ˸ϣҪһ·ǱٵĿԾʹС
ͣ
˵¾ͣ˵³·
·
ʣȴǸϽͯŮȻҲ˳󣬻ֽײһ𣬽ϴˣѰƫƧС·ȥ
û·ߣûĿĵأţ
·ϣó¾˼ѪƾԺЩ䣬ѵŻ¾ͯŮҲһ£ߵһɽǡ
ǵɽǣѰſݵλʱԼ˻ѰųϵټҺ͹ӶҲˣһģǵõϢҲʧȥĿꡣ
е׷ٵϳͶˡ
ǻĹľȮҪѭζȥǾȮڵһŵζ۾¶ľĿ־壬ſڵϣôҲҶ
ʱһ𱦡ķݣɽǣϢؿˣ


24 
ɽǣɽˮ㣬羰Ǹõط
⣬ɽǻкüѧġ𱦡ݣɽѧһ߶֦Ҷïͩȵļ
֮ѡҲõ⣬˵ڸѧУѧУžΧķȻ𱬣ˣѧ϶𱬣ҳԹʳ÷ţֻҪúã϶ٻͷͣȥ
Ȼм仹бȽҪһɣ뿴ѧôģ˽ѧôģȻ˺ܶණϴѧɻ˽˽⣬ϾһԸ
᰾ˣȻᷴԣӡͯŮǾͲ˵˸պҷݵϰ£̳ȥǱˣҷݵǮǽͯŮģûǮӵǮӸŮȥˣҺýͯŮսҪȻϻ뷨׬Ǯ
һװޣ󣬷ڿˡ
𱦡֣¹ⱦСӰ˶֪˵Ļ䣬Ȼ˵һޱȾĻԣһţвٴѧš𱦡
зֹϲϢᰳˣͯŮϴˡϲˣϴ롢ɨأ¾֮࣬ᰴ֣᰸տʼúãʵʲȴѶȡ
š𱦡֣ټϽͯŮһ˫̥Ŀɰᰵ崿ԣ˿ﲻᰵһγôĲˣæùǳҲǳƣһֱЦ棬۵ý
ȣֲͣعǺˮܿ˫ۣ᰽˵һСͽֱϣ̵᰽кϼ״һͿȥᰵûùܲˣ鿴ᰵֱۣһûֻһӡ
Сᰣ𣿡
ЦҡͷۣͻȻͽһ˵ţһºӡӣһ֮󣬺ӡӱʧˣƤǰһ㶼δ
𱦣ˣ

Ϊʲôأ
ţԹܿ뵽Լı仯ˮ齻֮ųֵģʱɫƺƺġ
ˡ
Ͻӹӣæ㶼ˣҲû¶
ղҿô࣬Ҳ᳴ˣ㵽һϢţһֱˣһ۵ġ
˵꣬Ϸ˲ˣ˫ۺضųϣǵһ϶˵һۡĻһůӿ
ᰳǾ仰ʱﴫôûǸ缸˺ܳʱˡ⼸˵ţ߽õö졣
Ҫ߽һЩѧ⼸ˣﶼֳη壬˳ȥڵԷҲͯŮһĻ
Ͻϱӣȥǲ˲裬ﻹ˵šԲ𡱣ĸ˶ʮңüΪŵˣᰵĿ֮ɫ
Եһ£ϾͶ
˵ȥкˣߵһʱһͷŮ˵㣬Сĵ㣬Ǽǻ졣

üͷһ壬뵽ϣһЦ˵ģû¶
ͷŮںӣ¶֮ɫͬ˵էǱˣŵܵã۸Ź֡
£ĸ˵ͷ˴ϰ㡭
ʲô£
߹ʵн豭ǰһƣ˵㿴ʲô
ӬôвӬأ
ɻ󣬳ȵôУȻǵĲ豭ûϴøɾˣ֪֪Ӭϴ˶ٲǻ˵ģղһһֻ˵ô죿
ô죿
ͯŮߵ󣬽ĶͷŮ˵ˣЩ졭ͷŮһͬ飬еͷԸͣﻹ˵СԣǸϽߣ绹ҪϿء
СͬѧĻش𣬴ʧ˵ԺôһˡԺǲشСһ˵ԺӽԺҲʶ㡣
һߣѾ˵ô죿ȻǮһô죿һʲô⣬ҽԺȥҽԺ͵ûǮҵľʧѣǧ
ǧ̫ˡ
ԱһϴŶĻ˵㳤ôƯķϣǸ缸ÿһ£ǧ仰ڳ˵ĳϣ۾һݣûȥǽǽΡĵϣȫ˲
Ҳأ
ã
мЦⷹͱٿȥǸ缸֣С椣㳤ôƯαΪһǮȥأ㽻ǮǼƽ׼Ŵ󼪡
н˵ȻҪ벻ǮҲУŮô˵ţе־ȥϾʹ˵һȴǳϽ˷ϡ
ˡ
пһĮ״в˵СӣҸ㣬ǣϽ
Բˡ
³֣Ҳһվĸﶼ˵ӣ˵ûǲҪӸŵѪ


25 Բ
ûǲҪӸŵѪ
кţҲתתȥ˼ԲˣңǵĿ⣬ֱϳں滹ЦݵĽͯŮֱӱǺˡ
˵֣Բˡ
ոƣǲײĲˣӸһɫơ
п߳ޱȵӣֱӽϵĶͱȥ̷Ůһס뿴ѪɽĻ棬ͬѾǽ˷
ʱһҽУ
̷Ůһݣƿס۾ļָۿȥȴǾΪǵӲǲϵţڰоͱϸץסֱۣûо͸оͷҪˣʹòУָɿأһҲһ˶ƵӲ׮ӣǲһߵù
ޱ飬֣Բˡ
ǰоԼеӣ˭Ҳܰô֣˵硭
Ҳ硣
ү
Ҳү
ү
Ҳү
̷ŮЦóϻ˼пŻһĳϣȴҪˣҲٳƺֱ˵ҳԣҳԡ
˵ţ۾ȴ˳ȥҪ˾ҲȥãһݣǷֱᰡͯŮ˳ȥĿĺȷҪץסҪЮϡ
ץᰣȥʱﻹ˵ϽǮóߣȻҾƯϣһ
䣬о͸оԼûзӦеĵӾͱߣһ˲䣬о͸ожʮ£ȸоʧʱѾʮۣʹһƨ£ո£˺۾ͽѪ˳һ

ҽ뾪һͬ𣬳˲˿־壬ٲҵ飬룬ͷ˲ˣս˷Žо£˺̵̣ҪҲҪ
ɸµĶ𣬡һڣʮ
ʮ
пϵ˺ۣﻹ³Ͻһȥ϶ʱͨޱȣұԹּһˡ
϶Զ˵Ҳԡ
лʹС
ԲˣǾͲóˣȻóԣ˫־ûʲôˣұ㿳Ҳϲ浶ӡ
һʹȻֹϽץһڲ켴˳еʹ࣬ͬʱһߣͯŮͬʱ˵ǵĵӵڵˡ
˵ǵĵ
ûк˵Ӿڵϡ
˵ͷȥȻѵӣֱֱزڵϣķʽҲ֣һ˵Ӧǵڵϣѳ죬ѵȴǵѲ˴Уɭ⣬ֱڿգҪǰ̤һͻ̽ǵ
С
˵һδô¶ӱ˻ȥ˵ĸڳ̲ˣԲĻԺͲҪˡ
Ҫ족ʲô˼ղ¼ĸˣȻ⣬ϽȴǻȥˣͯŮҲȥкˣǸ̷Ů˵ллղŵѡ
̷Ů˵ûҵѣҲ㣬ҽ磬أ
ᰡ
ʱͬ˵磬ˣϿˡ
ҪԼء
磬ʲô˼
ֻǾһûеˣʵûʲô˼
ǡ
ƣǧˣҽԷֻлǱû˼ԣ㣬ң벻Ҫ˵ǡ
磬㡭
żӲ˵˰Ҳû˵ĹĵȥˣҲᣬֱ˵㣬ղĸ𣿺˧ˡ
ɬһЦϹ

ʮֵľȣҸЦ˵С磬ллĺ⣬͡
ô˼޹»
ԺͶͬѧԡ
û⣬ҿѧġ
Ц۾ڳȥôЩ֣ǻص˳ϵߡ
ܿ죬ӹȥˣ̼κĲˣѾ˸ɾˣ˸̵ĶУȴֲҶֱ۾ϣΪҶǵٸǳһ̲ˡ
ˣͱռӣǮϽ
ǡ
˵ţǮһɾȻײײ˳ȥϽˮȣ濴ֵ˹ƣȻҲ˲ˡ
棬ȴֻһĻǵתһ󣬾Ϳǰţ˵Ѹղĵȫɾˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ӽһȣ֮ضʱѷ죬˼״Ͻȥֻɾ˸ɾ˵ܺã£òڶȻǻд鷳
˵꣬ʧˣȴﾪȵ˵𱦷ݣ̫ˣſջƵġ˵ô˵˻ǲ鷳С
һߣ˳һԸ磬ҪΪǱ𰡡


26 ȥ
Ը磬ҪΪǱ𰡣
еĺǵűɱϸϸһԴĺͷһͨ죬Ҳ˷㳦
ԱŮŵԣ˵ӣȵľ͵˳ȥЦѣҲЦǰ
Ը磬Ը硭
Ҳ֪Цʲôʱ˵أϽ˵Ը磬Ǹ˺ȥձѣСӲ˵Ū
ôӵİЦˡ
̧Ÿ˿ôҲϲ˵ۡһǽһһ˶ˣǶ֪һˣԸѪҲԸᣬᣬʹ¶Բһ㡣
ԲЦȥЦȥǾͻһµԺɾû˸ˣԣһص˵Ըգô¶
Ǽҷݽ𱦣ǳһ̲ˡ
ˣ
Ը簡ǲȫκ̵ҪҪңǸ˵ϲһϹͷһӾӣϻʮֱѪҲ֪
Ը˵ɫӳˣԱߴû֦չʮֱ¶Ů˵ƨɣ˵ȥֵ¡
ŮŤƨ˳ȥ֮Բ˵ô˵ǸӺЩ֣
һ˫̥õӴǵģǵӴ̵գǶûзӾ˵ϡ
ж󣿡
󣬿Ҳʮһӡ
ʮһꣿ
۾ɻ󣬳ͻʲôƵģ˵Ը磬ݵϰҲͶʮӣ÷ǳ崿ǳƯ
ģ
Ե۾һ̰Ĺâﵴ˵Ըȥ֪ˡ
ãǾȥȲȵ㣬ݵжţȻٻô죬ô𣬸ҵˣеĴŮٺ١
뿴ĵȻϰǵ˼ҶףЦŸͣ˳ȥûҪʱ䣬Ǳվбķ￴𱦷ݣæµᰣ˳ϣнͯŮ
ϵֻɨһۣĿ⼸ϰᰵϣԽԽ˫۾޲÷ɳȥᰵǰ㿴һСʱԲŴظ˻ȥ
ص˵ѾˣһǾȥЩһˣûκα£йϵҲᶯԣҰѼһã˯ʱ򣬾ͳȥǣҲ֮֮
קһʣоǳɨһۣ˸ûᵽ⣬ɫ˵ȥж٣ҪǰԸӲܣǸŮģҲǸϰɱŪˣӵġ
İɣԸ磬Ůľܲˡ
һȺ˸ţЦѣԵ˰Ļ棬Ҳһȥȥˡ
᰿ķݣĶǴѧȴѧ˿ΣȻҲѧУȥˣһʱ䣬þĵġ
Сᰣ𣿡
ʵűվϲȥϵĺˮ˵һ𣬾Ͳ۵ģҺϲʵҸ֡

ЦţᰵͷᰵϼϵĻҳܰޱȣͻأ˵𱦣ôı£ȴ￪ݣǲ̫˽ˡ
㣬Ҹ˻أҪ㣬һ֪ôණأ
Сһ̣ûңȻб˽㡣
أ
ᡣ
ᴷųϵţ˺üº󣬳ᰵ֣˵Сᰣ˵һػģһ죬Զ
㡣𱦣Ҹ˵ģˣҪȥͶ˵һȥģʲôҪҸұҸ
Ͻ᰽ӵ뻳У˵ΪֹҲ֪Լôϵģ֪˵ģ˭Ҳԣʱ䵽ˣһȥˡ
Ů𣿡
Ӧǡ
д𣬺ǲܣֵҪҵһиоǵһģϸĸһ£ҵ
ȥţͳУԼųϵĹʱԺָһЩģƬϣȻòȴоԼĴʧӰ٣̧ͷʱ۾Ѿʪ
𱦣ҺһЩʱȥǵʱȥҡ

Ӧ᰽ϱø̰غϢκ󣬲طֿᰶߵ˵һ顣

᰺߳ıţɬȥүү˵ȥˣʱɨѳɨأϼӦðǵʵһ㣬ȥӹɨѣ˵أɨġ
켴ϵӰóһĲӰɨ趯ȴûд磬ҲûлҳҷɵӡӶûжһ£ʮ뵽ɸɾһŻҳҲûС


27 ú
ʮʱ䣬һζӻڷ㶣ԺһֱŸղŵĻ棬оʲôӺҪ֮ǰԿʲô˼γϵѪоݶȡȵȶȫλ˲٣ԣܿôһЩ
ôʮӺ󣬻ӻһ飬Żعųϵ۾ż˷ܣ𾪡ݡ
׵ʲô𣿡
ео
úϰһ£ն٣ͿԼˡ

ʹͷӳӹɨѣȴû֣ţָоӺ󣬻Ӷ֣ɨѸɨһӣлȴǻӽϵĶɨڵˣҲɨףõ̫ҪȻֱӾɨɼˡ
Բϴ̫ˡӲ˼˵æȥ
ϲɫȴĸоղ趯ɨѵʱ򣬺һϤ渴գ·ղŵĶѾǧٻһϤУ˵տʼϰûѹ͵һطڿйϵѵˣٽϴ롣
ǣϴ󡣡
ȥϴ˵ĽͯŮ߹ȥ˵ʵѾˣǣǵĿ
ҲܽͯŮûʲôĿģֱһˣˮϴͯŮ۷ŵ󣬶ֱֱǿϵĶǳõҲСɲһ㶼ûϴ⻹ʲôǾȵǣˮϣûвơ

ͯŮͬʱΪԼǴأգգۣٴοȥˮȻƽޱȣûһ˿ƣţϴСн
켴ˮˡ
ˮҲûвƣ˸оһ鶹һֻлڶΧȫûжȳϵֺͲˮʱˮƽ˱
ͯŮĿɿڴǴ濴˳ϿµĿ˵ʵٿһ㣬ò˳ʱҲῴˮǣúϴϴˣҽɱ
˵꣬ˣͯŮϲޱȣȻϴˡɱټ򵥲ĶϴҪ̵ģһģһ˫̥Ŀ˰죬ŶϴѾƣ֮ʱĪ˲йһһ
󣬳ҵ¾ûȽ̳¾ʲôó¾ӣΪˣҲһֳҲףʱ򣬻ῪҲǺҪģܲʱʱ̶̿ųӿ񱼡
һָоӲѵķʽ뵽ϷɵķɻʲôҪɳ˰죬ȴϢˡ
Ҳȥǿѧ˳ּ죬ų¾Ȧһ£ҲʮӵӣϱܿģˣһСʱѾ¾ûоȣǾûмȥų¾˳гͷõնʮ£ȻԳ¾˵ĸоն
¾ûʲôնˡڶߵϲǰЩѳζǣ䣬һ׽֮ϲ˵үүҽһˣܰٲ֣١
ðð
ϲŮޱȵ⣬һ˵ȥԴ˶кôŪ࣬ʱȴǷǳ档
һСʱӣϲסˣҲܽϺõϲּȥӣȸоޱȺ󣬲ŵ˷򿪶ֵԣĶѧϰĸ߿Ƽ
ѧУѧȥˣݣػͬѧһɫŮ⣬ųǿƸ˳еˣ˻ȥһԷ˾Ͷˡ
Һⷹ˶һˣʲôϴˡв˶üǳɣһæµ֮ѧУ־ӵָԿʼѵԼĶ
ϼԣүү󣬱ص䣬ڳԣë£ΪϴģȻû˵һ仰ȴǳܰ
ҹɫӵˣÿһֱݶ
ǵﷹݵʱ򣬳һϵͼƬͼƬһŰɫȹӵŮˣĿ۲εȻɣԼأӾòǷ绪ʫ续ݡ
Աߵ֣˵Ůӽаˣǹڣ϶ǣݵӰֳ衢裬⸱ͼǰ˵һͯŮ֯ʹ
۾һֱţһ֮Уʱ϶һ΢΢һ룬ϱµǳǱˡ
ϲûȥʱ򣬻ӡ¾ͯŮϰأڣЩ˸ģֿ˼ۣҳرգоڿ͡ݡ
Ѿ˽嵽˺棬һȥϴˣһڹ˵ӵ£תתȥ
ʱˣû˯
ֹһ䣬ȻԤĲһҲûʲô˵磬ȥ£ڣȥ
ǡ
ӿȥ˿ͯŮһתҪȥȴֳһˣ˻ѪﻹһѺ׵


28 Լˤ
תǴͻرĳһѪˡ
ֱ˸һһУ¾ſǳȥ˲ô¶һź񵶾ǰȥղ׹ͷһؾȥֱǰеĿնƬҲ˺ü
¾ȥģǣ̫ˣ˾£Ѿһ˫˿־۾˵ϣ岻ϽѪɳ߹ǻڴžžžı
˵ϺԣȻץסᰣȴǰ棬Էһû뵽ľһԺܿع¾תӣ¾ԣղŻû׵ľ£ȥˣǱܷӦľ֮Ա󼹹Ǳ㱻ó˾ŶΡ
һҽУԵڵϣһһġ
ˣҲǱޱȣûóͯŮһƽеˮȥޱȵˮΣΪ˼ٶȣˮЯŴ˺ܶ౶ײϣǴʯһڵϣҲ
Ļӣŵӿɣֱ˵ֱ۲סѷɹȥ̽˵˿ֻޱȣû뵽ᷢ£ҪҽУѵӷɽ˵ǵĻȫ˻ȥӻǺѪ
Ӽ״ҡҡͷ˵ûпƺãôһ㣬ȻӦ²Ѫġ
󣬻ӣͯŮĿڳ¾ϣǶ֪¾֮ǰֻһ⳵˾ɸղ׵ʮ˵ȴмƣԵޱȡ
ϴǷˡ
ӽ˷Ե˾£һ𣬳¾˶Χһ𣬻Ц¾㹻ݣǱˡ
ֻ棬¾϶ǳ£˵Ҫм𣬿ɸųϾһºʮֵ򶨣ֻӵĻʱѵɬһ¡
ô
ģͰӻ
Ҳá
ǱŽԵһϵ˿ڣѪһѪ·¾ָ·
ȻͯŮɱ˵ļɸЩȥô࣬ǳ¾ֱȽϵͼֶΣǸ˵ޱȵԣϽָ·
·ϣ˵ҪҪй¶ȥ˭ǵĻǱǣʱأǾͱٻȥˡ
Ϊ˵ĻŻģҲΪûɱˣɱˣûһǧҲϰˣǲɱ㣬ֻǾ鷳Ϊ֮ɣ
ӵĻԵһٲֲʱ¾ʵϵô¶
ҡǡ
ߣ
¾ߣԸϽ˵Լˤġ
ϵĵأ
Ǻ˾ƣԼġ
ͯŮ⣬Ц¾ڰǺˣҪа㽫ǿɾžŰʮһ飡
ܿ죬͵ƽʱѣأֱӽſڣתʧˣΪ˵ñȽأҵϽţϵĳгæȥ˵Ը裬ôˣ˭Ǹˣ
뵽ǣֳͫ־壬ȴ˵Ը磬ǰˣԲԣȥþȥʰǡ
׼ԼŪġ
Ը磡Ǵ򲻹ǣ컹򲻹𣿡
죬ǷȥٽȥҽԺҽǸǿȥǲ뿴
ڳ¾ǰµӣڶеǰǾһͷһ٣вŴ˱ͷϽ˵
ּѵ
ᰣѾӵ˴ϣ˵ǴⰻȻ޺ã
֮ᰵ˵𱦣ĶĺãҶоۡ
۰

Ǿͼ

ת䣬УŰ֮
ӾһһĹȥˣ𱦷ݵԽԽãΪϴв˵Ĺ죬ϲ˵˸죬ҪôȣԣԽӵغټϳϻѧһЩʽƷָΪḻԷﲻҲڼƻҪҪ
һԱ߼ҷݵ⣬ǳۺǵ⣬Ǳеģǣмڷ˱ºһֱδҲЩ˲һ㣬ԣ붯ֱǲܵģֻ취
һ׽Ϊ߽˺üˣԵһʱͻؽһˤڵϣסӣͣ˵ⷹʲôжûŪɾҳ˺òڶӺʹʹ
˵ţ˻ڵϴ˹ﻹ˰ĭĭʹĻ£ͳֻ˾һǵ÷Է˶ҲٳԷ׷Χ
ͯŮߵǰʲôҲ˵ʹЦݿˣӣˣ˵˵ʳж⵽ô¶
ˣȴǹֵ̾ġ
۾һݣǳһ˿Цǰ


29 
˭ϰ壿
ֵ̾߳˵ҡ
ǷӪҵִ𣿡
С
óһ¡
᰽Ӫҵִ˳һ˵ô¶
жˡ
ϵĻشΧ˶һǹֵ̾ҲһۣӦǽƱ磬˵ûжǱݵĲŶԣǳŭ֣Ƕ֣Ļشʵǵ֮⣬һʱ䶼֪˵ʲôá
ֱڵϵǸֲҽг󣬹̾˲Żعнӵ˵Ȼзж¼͵ùرյţͣҵ٣֪𣿡
ð
ϵﶼޱȣ˵ǾȹŰɡ
Уû⡣
˵ת˵һ״ǳǸλȳһ£Ȼţٲң
Ȼţ
һߣΪ㻹𣿡
ϸǣֱӽŰĭϳǻ˿˿ôļЦָ򴦵һ£˵ȻϲװôʹӣҾͳȫ㣬һӺͻᷭʹҪҪӺ󣬾ͻʹ
仰ֻ˶ûҲţ뵽˭˵ʹʹӶװģҲǼٵġ
Ƕ֪ʲôȴǷǳϣţܾ򱧲ƽ˵װģҲ᰸סͯŮЦݵؿǸˡ
˵ΪжҪǧԪ
ǧôȥ
ѿڶ˵أ
ʲôϽǧ
˸Ȼǵ˵Ҫȿ
㻹벻뿪ҵˣ
ȻҪҵ
͸Ͻǧ
أ
ǾԶҵ
ӺǿӲֵԽԽ࣬бݵϰ壬϶Цúܿģ˵һˣҸǶϽɡ
ɨ˼һۣ˵ס˵仰ǧҿҵ
Ӳҡ
źݻͻرһĲҽˣæˣֻϵСǿ˫ֱŶӣʹùȥѾʹŤޱȡ
ȴһӵˡ
Ӽ״Сװ̫˰ɡϰҲôģǣԽԽòԾǲҽԲװģġ
Сǿ˶ɡ
Ʒݵϰ뵽ģҪ˶Ҳûйϵ𱦷Ҳ뿪ȥˡ
ʱ쿪ųӵƿȺ˵˭ľ˭
жϰ塣
ӽ˵һĵؿųϣһ˵ж͵ҽԺȥǶȥ˵ţҪȥץϡ
˵ƾʲôץң
жˣץץ˭
Ƕһ£ץ𣿡
ôϻץץ㣬㻹ҷ˵ţ۾ֱϳ򣬿᰽ץסϣ˵Ůһץȥ
ʱ϶Сǿ˵ֻӵʱ䣬ô¶Ͻ˵
һȣСǿ͵طڳǰ˵磬Ҵˡ˵ţ߿ͷֱӡЩϰ嶼Ϳˡ
˵
ûжǼװġ
ôûжأж֢״
ǼٵģǼװġ
ΪʲôҪװأ
ǰƷݵϰ壬ٿǮװжðߣۺǷݵã˽ӣϰСӣǴͨ˵ġ
Сǿ˵滰ɫ䣬æȵƨСǿѪˣʲôʱͨù
ϣڰƷ˵ġ
ƷݵպҲ֮ɫæҪȺȥɸոתͿһվ˵ϰ壬Ϸû꣬Ҫȥﰡ
˵֮ǻӡ
ҡҡ
պư˵һߣһŽպߵǰȥӼ״иţСǿ˵ɺң㡣
˵ţһžСǿȥСǿĶӣֻСǿ͵³һѪȻڵϣ˫۷ףȵֱɫףˡ
ô״˴󾪣˵Ȼˡ

Ӵ󾪣ӿˣһСģڵأ϶˵ˣǲ𣿡
Ҳûϵᷢչһתȴ˵ȳǵĶ˶Ӧжġ
ԶԶԣģǳǵĶжġӸϽץסվҾһţôܾͰأ
ðǾ͵ҽԺȥһ£ûжûжɱ˷ָ˵ӻһֱӹظֶպ˵ҲǰףɱˣҪģ˵࣬Ϳ֤ɱģɱġ
պƻѣſˣ˵ɱģɱģֻǽװжҸҲݷۣжġ
ɫҰףպƣҰǸߣ㻹ңҽôôһСˣĲú
ظ趢𣿡
ɫޱѿȴӲ˵ΣĵſڣҪȫץء


30 ӦñҪ
Ҫץ
һۣƳ˵ˣͱýǴȥŪ
Ҫûأ
һ㶣ȥһСǿıӣ˵ûˣһλãҲûȷСǿԺ˵ҪûҸͷ
䣬СǿһţСǿ͵رΧ˸һƬرӣ˵թʬˣթʬˡ
ʲô£
Сǿɶͷԣһ԰׵ȴǺû
ľ٣ô
ɫһ죬оޱȣû˺ûһţôͻأţɿϡ
˵ͷͲÿˣϽɡ
ɫȴʵûȥץϣټԱߵѧ壬ͬǸæȥҲų˵Сӣú÷طǧϡ
˵꣬ϽȺ˳ȥˣȥᣬڻЩģûģһȭϸˡ
϶˵㻹Ҫҿţͣҵ𣿡
ŵû겻壬ﻹҷţҲײײȥˣֿŻڵϵպƣ˵㿪ģҿҵģˮˮΣƾ£ȴʹֶΣ˼ΣĹ㣬´Σϣ
պҲϽˣֻʣСǿԭأѣϸûֱӿţ˲ˣ֮ǰĳŵ
Сǿȥ̵ؼǰӾʹޱȵĸоŭ˳ϣֱڣӳ뿪ҪΥĵСǿظȥ
֮𱦵Ӻ𣬶ƷѵʽĵزΪ췢£Ѿѧǹ֮ݿҲȥǳϡ
ôã˵𱦣˵ǲǿԽһ㣿
⵹ǿԣΧѾûзӡ
ŶٿɣҾ˵˵ᰶ£ȷʵô⣬ò׬ܶܶǮֻҪþУһ𣬲ۣܶԸ⡣
ᰶų˵𱦣˵ӰԺ¹ⱦⲿӰƬȥɣ
ð
Ҳ뿴һ˵ġ𱦡ʲôǺҹɫϱ㿪ֳӰԺȥ
ڻӡͯŮǣȻڷϰš
Сʱ󣬳˵˵ӰԺ¹ⱦⲿӰȻܾˣүǸЦڣĶ԰ףǷǳ˵ģԣƱ˻٣Ϻ᰾ڶС
ʮӺ󣬳ƱȥҪ߽ȥʱԱȴǼʮҵģ첲Ļᰴڡ
Ůʲôְʶһ°
źһɨץųϵֱ˵𱦣ǣǽȥɣӰҪʼˡ
ᰲԼһϿӰƻųȥˣ֪ᰵ⣬ûȥǼƽϣǼûнȥҲûȥſڡ
Ӱʼ֮ϻûзϣȴҲؿţɿˣ棬ʱ䴩󣬻ʧȥһΣĪָֻоӺζҲٿĴ򶷳棬ϸ֮У·һ
Ȼһֿ֮飬Ҳид
Ӱ涣ֱ߳ӰԺ⣬ᰲŻָ˹ʵÿ𣿡
ܲ
Ӱ
һ˵ҸоӦñҪ˵󣬳ʵ˵𣿡
ЦŲͣصͷţ˵ʲôҶš
ɵѾͷ
ϴͣĵطȥߵϣȴסˣ·ĲǱˣǰļ죬һͷĻ˵ŮԵּˣȻôԵ֣ȥһ

ģ˵ķ𣿸ʶȤһ㣬Ͻ
˵𣿡
ӿǾƲԷˣֵǣɫơ
˵꣬˾ϳٶȲɳٶȸ죬쵽Щ컹ûзӦϾ֣Ͻţһŷڵأʹвѡ
ɨȥЩ쾪ŲѣֱӴȥȳϵĳʧˣеľʧ˷ŭ˵ģǣѾǵĳƺŸˡ
˵ţͳֻͨ绰֮󣬴үǱ˴ˣǸһƳӣƺǡ
ʮӺһŅ̀˽ȥһ˵үѾȥˣСӽˣ˵ǼҲ̫˰ɡ
ǿ磬СеаţǶûӦ͸ɷˡ
ĻǼٵģ
ƭʲô
ģжôܲңүʮ˹ȥʮӣܸɵùôô೵𣿡
ҪԴȣСӵŮĺ㣡
ͬʱϿź԰ȵĳӣüͷ


31 ҵĳ
泵죬ֱӰԺǼСйأü֮䣬ǰ·͵شܳӣȫ˽ͨһֶ·ڣǰĵ·סĳҲûϵĳΧһת
ϼ״Ϩ˻ڳϣ죬˵ŽĵӰڣΧ˷׷ﶼӣһͷѩѵ˵ѳ˸
ǣү
ߵƳǰ˵ֱӽڳϣС
ģû
˵ţֱӽˣ鲣ɽȥͨ˵ĻϿ϶ӵ㣬ǽѪǣԵǳϣһֱӽЩȫץ켴ץסӣ˴ӳ˽
ٶ֮죬Щ˸ûлعǿͬʧʱȴǰŴ򿪳ţ˳˵ǰҵĳһˡ
ϵܵ
˻صҵľĳҲʲôôƣܽг㳵ǿ㣬Ͻү£
Сᰣһ£ܿʹá

Ц˵תŸղŷŻ˵ҵĳҾǵˡ
ƾ𣿡
˻űޱȵı飬Ѿǰһ˳ȥʱ˾һֱٽĴʯͷһɳȥײڳϣȻһͿֵһĻӾֱײһΣղǸҲǶ档
һڻǰʵɲô۾ӵĲȷʵײΣǸү͵ؽѩҧýһ󣬻ع´һ۾˵ȥһԣҿСеаţ
û֮ǰţСϿǴ̤ǰÿһÿһ㣬еĲǿʮ֣ۿӣһܲѹֱӽȥԴץ£
һӣתűүүʶԾɻûӦͲм䣬ʱүˣȲѡ
ͬʱѾĲӬһȥһһÿĳȥһȻһգۼͻٵӣӿڳм䣬á
ʣµʮ죬ȫˣҲǿ֮ˣȺܣѪɵĳ棬ǴûмĴ򶷣ǵĶˡ
һ̣ǾòǰΧ˳ϣǳһ˽ǰΧˣȻĳϣһڻȫС
лгתӣȴӲˣΪϲӣӰ䣬ɳһһţʮֳ֮ĳѾûһǺõģȫˣûҽĻ죬ǵ˸ңΪҽ˴棡
׷ٶŲѵĻǣȫˣֻʣǵүɵڵѩѲ֪ʱڵϣ͹ɼıͷѾҲ
ǰǵ˵ҵĳ
ҡҡ
үҡ˰͵뵽Ĵ磬ͻ˵ף˵ҲˣҴ֣壡
ҵĳ
Ҵ
ҵĳ
ҽ֣ߣ֣ĵܵܣҪǸҶңͱˡ
ҵĳ
ųһͬĻ֣ԽԽûףɻҵ˵
˳Ҫ⡣
˵⣿㲻ȥڵ֣Ǻε⣬𣿡
㲻⣿
⣡
֣Ӳ˵䣬һ£ֱ֣ĵڵأ˸࣬е֣һȫ䣬ʵ𣿡
⣬⡭
֣ڱˣȷܹʱҳˣʵ֪ʲô𣿡
֪һضֳ磬ģһһµİء
ǰ𣿡
ǵġ
㿴ˣ
ֳ֣˰죬˵ˣǰأ
һŲ£֣һָͷѪģʵǳӻǰ𣿡
ҡ
һŲ£ڶָͷϣǲǰأ
֣ȫ֪ôشֻ֪϶ܹٻشˣҪȻһָҪˣ֣ߴû˱ʵˣûŵԷֻ֣⡣
˺һ£֣Ҳûãֻ˵磬˵ǳʲô
µϣ
ۣ
ֱ֣ѪˣһõİضֳȴҪһµϣǷǳã˵òԣ
硭
һŲ£ָͷѪģ֣߲ٷֱ棬æ˵ǵģ˵öԣǰµϣ⣬һµİµϡ
֣˻֮ơ
Ҳ⣬˵콫ӿɽѧſǸ𱦵ķǰǺӣŵ֮ǰӻû͵׼Զ̱ɡ
˵֣꣬ߵĲӺһ£һţЩǶģģȫ˳ּ߳ȫһ𣬽ţ͵شը죬Զȥ
ʱˣЩµóֳȶӼˣ֣ѵͳֻĵ绰
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================