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ֺǷ·ΪĻ̴Сü̲סڶԷʵȻЩ䣬Ҳûгڷ
ģһɶԺһҪֳǹҲĵĲˬֶֹ
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ŶֶܵĹ㸸ͬ治һഫֺһЦ⻰ڱ˶УȴǶһ㳰֮⡣
ԣֶҲһĨŭ⡣
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ԭϼ㡣ֺŮҲһЦ
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˵Ѿֺ곬ԽһأõʯֶȴģŬȻܹ֮ǰֺ꣡


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ԶȥֺˣϼֶˣЦֶܣû°ɣ
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֪ˡֶûǿڵȷֺĶ֣ȴģ䳬Խ
ͰɣҲҪȥˣȿҪˣɵüӰѾǺܿȵġϼЦֶԴȻһԵ̴˴һк˦βתȥ
ٺ٣ϼ磬ֺǰţүүϲأʱѧԽ̵ϼ޳ٻӰֳǹЩĽص
ԼѡֶһۣȻҲ̴ͣתȥֳǹһξ룬ɫҲֻЩ뿪
ֶ磬Բ𰡣ԺҲ͵͵ȥҩˡߵؼҵɽ·ϣ̴ֶ½ǣص
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˵ɷ֮ǴﵽϵƷʡ
⣬һЩԪĸ˵ӵ


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鵹ǿ͵͵ʹá
ֶ죬ĿЩȵضеö飬Х˻˵Ԫܹеɷ֮յĻʵȻ
ֻ֮ǰȴǵȽХڵ˸κãȻĻϵԽö˵Խ
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Ԫ򣬶ŵϺŵĸ֣һǿҪģӵеԪֵԣХٶȻָԪʵλǷϣӦҲǻɨȥǽֶУ̴μһĻ
뵽Хָ緢ģֶҲ̲סغٺһЦȻӷҳһСƿӣСؽöУⶫóȥԻƷҩֵ൱ĸߡ
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䣬ֶ̲סһÿκõ̴ܿ࣬ҪȡЩνĻֶǾԲɡ
еһЩͷѸѹ£ֶҲһֱͦͦصڴϣ۾𽥵رϣŴʯҲٶȵɢĹ
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˸ǿȵĶּСУܹﵽϾʯصãѰƷҩǱȲϣڱϡ͹ԵʣҺҲ൱ºͣɰ˺˵ȷʺִֶڵˡ
ҹʱֶҲٶȽǺڰľռУһһشԽͨȭǰʳ£ͨȭĽչҲ൱֮󣬵ڣֶܹվ쾢ǵʮ죬ԽԽ˵Ȼûɹֶȴףֻʱѡ
Ϊϴαֶչֳʵ嵽ԭǻѰ鷳ɽҲҲҳֶǰҲףȥ鷳ҲֻֿԶѡ
ɽҲõֶʱ徻˲٣õܹĵؽȫͶע֮ϡ
գۼ䣬һܵʱ䣬ڰʵУȻ
һУֶҲѰŻᣬҪʯҺХʹãХʱһֱܣ»Ҳǲ࣬ʶҲֻʱѹͷ
ȻѹƳڰʱֶ޷ȥΪХٶˡ
̴ֶǽʱԴǵȻæɱؼң䣬Хڴϣɫ԰ֽ£ŵѪ͸
ȥɽҩһͷޡ̴ֶȦЩص
ԣһζʱֶӿ۾Ҳǲе졣
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ƵñӻֶХҲЩЦãεҡҡͷȴ΢Щů⡣
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СӡХεҡҡͷʹûãҲֻܽӹ룬ȻҲ˵һڱǹС
ХҩҺȹ⣬ֶУҲһĨ֮ɫҩҺУȻǱʯҺ壬ֻǲ֪ʯҺХƣмֵİ

һںȹҩҺХ£ǰǰԼֱ㶶ŵֶɫͻȻͬհǺ

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Ѫ˳ĸоõٶȳӯȵָоѾö궼ûٳԵˡ
УҵˣҵˡХûץе˫֣ԭԹЦӣ˿ȴӿſϲ֮ɫ
ҲǱХ㼤ģŪƬ̲ŻعҲӿţ˺ˣ
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ХΪЩգ̲סһѽбڻУЦЦУŽҲᣬЩ꣬Ϊڵƣʵ粽δȻǿװں˭ܹоּ绪ˣ𽥱Ƿȡš
첻֮·û뵽ûκθԭƣڽ죬Ȼ仯
ӵһϲĵֶҲĨһ۾ȻһЦʯҩЧԶԶԤϣպֻҪΣҪХƲʲôѵ¡
ʱһȬХֹǰʵҲȻٶǶ
ֶһȻһСϲ̴˳䡣
¡
عϷţֶҲǸһĨ΢ЦýԼ૵İɣһٶȳΪּҵĶ


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ʯҺХЧõóֶԤϣ̶첻ʱ䣬ִʱĲ̬԰ף𽥵˶ȥһֳϢٶȳХϡ
ХƵ𽥻ָȻһΪĵϢХϾǼǵˣ¶ĸȷù
ΪƵĻָѹжĲҲʧХԹЦӣҲǶ˲ٵЦݣóͬǺܼ
Хı仯ֶȻҲĵĻϲƽҲǸӵظе档
ʱ䣬ʯ֮еʯҺ壬Ҳǳ׵׵ɢȥֶҲֻܿʼʯҺ壬һʯҺ壬ܹõʮգĻӻʯҺٶȣ֧ŵ
ֶչΪʯҺԼڷܵԵʣһֱǱһϲ˵ٶȣ⼸Уڹʹ֮ҲԽԽŨңָоͷ·ڲϵҧŹͷһ㡣
оͦܣֶ˵ȴǾĺϢΪףڹʱŻֵһҲ˵ĶڴƤ뵽ȵʹﵽʱôĹǱǿʱ򣬱̤˴ء
ȻǿҪ̵ʱ䣬ֶʯҺûңҲ޷һ
ʱ䲻ֶ̣ȴǺһǿо֮࣬ȻҲٲԽͨȭ
ͨȭľ쾢ֶεĴԼӰ̵ǿܹﵽ¯ĵزʩչʱҲЩơ
ڵʮ죬ЩֶҲԽԽʱʩչʱȻҲܹڷ죬˵ûдӹӰڴǵԾͳȴȷǲСĽ

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Хǲ۵İɫӣ̱ӿ֮ɫ
ɷֶ֮صǸλһξԵʣ˶νɷ֮Ҳ֪òϸ
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ɷ֮ʲôֶʵ
ؼ䣬ɷ֮֮ΪŵȣһΣŵߣһĵԪִؼյɷֻ֮ǻڶȻȲΣյɷ֮ҲŵȶѡХ¶֮ɫ
񵽵̺֮ɷ֮ҵԤУǴﵽȲΣһЩԪĸ˵ӵžջ֮
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ԣХҲһ죬ɿһҲһǽɷ֮˵ȷҪ
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ףһʱ䣬գ۱
һУֶٶ͵͵ХҩҺвʯҺʯҺЧ£ХڵƣҲһڼȫָǷԼ԰ףǾɢ
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һΣֶʱڰĿռУȴǳӰǵڶӰʩչϤƷʱֶϣҲǸһĨȲЦݡ
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ֶʵͻͽʱȻ䣬ȵʢҲ𽥵Ļּ֮УΪҪһȣҲǼ


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ʱˮ֪䣬ȵţƬأҲ˶һ˿ˬϢ
Ȼɢȥּ֮У˵ģȴԽԽΪǳΪҪȣҲǼҪĻ

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ֶһ£ҡҡͷֺİ˻Ȼ˼ΪĵزƷ绢Сϼͬ˿ʩչѧӦּеĶƷѧ齣ָ
ѧ˵ȥû̫ˣָ͸һ㣬˾ֺ꣬׵رС
˵Ҫֱ˭ʤ˭ڻн˵ֶУϣϼʤ
˵䣬ʯ̨ϵսҲԽԽȻȭƽ䣬ͳ첻ϴ
㽻㽫ʮӣ֮ϵĹҲΪȻǶǽڵԪʩչ˼¡
âŨʱ˾Ȼͬʱ˺һ˫ȻӳڶĿע£صײһ
飡
ʯ̨֮ըӰֱǱõɶŲʯ̨̤Ȼͬʱʯ̨
˶̨ӣҲЩȻȻûϵ˾Ȼֽ
Ǻǣ
ϯλϣֺ꾹Ȼܹϼƴ൱Ҳ̲סοͷһԵԣϲɵӿһĨЦݣĿбƳһ۲ԶХ
һƽֽɣʣˣûĻϼֺ꣬㲢д˴ȵһֳֶλеڶȻ˭ȻдԵĻҲ
վЦŵʱȻѾֳΣٱȵĻӦҲٳʲô仯
ĻҲ΢΢ͷȻûʲô顣
Ǽһһô
ֶüͷ壬һԵ̴ҲǽС֣µСϣǵ֮ɫ
УĻֺϵЦҲŨ࣬ƫͷĿ⿴̴ֶڵķһĨЦһȴ˵ͷ
ֺеĻδ³һֱעٶֶһȻȻ
ֺ磬ֶţ֪ɷͽһ


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ͻоһһ㵵Ŀ⣬৵ıֶϡ
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ֶ磬Ҫȥ
ع̴СҲӿֽ֮ɫֶ֪ͻȻľٶ¸һЩϵ
İɣֻҪֺдһ¶ѣˣֲˡֶЦŵ
ԣХһһ£Ҳֻõ˵ͷСĵ㡣
ֶͷ̴ԴȻתڶĿע£߽Уתʱ֮ͫУӹһĨЦֺ갲ȵһҲ̫ڱ¶ʵϧһ˵һôߣ
ȻˣǱֻܴû˰
ֶĽŲʯ̨ͣ£Ȼϯλϵ죬Цүү֪ܲдս
ҲǻعĿ⾪ȵؿֶһۣڿֺʵֶȻȻд裬ֿԵĻôӦñһЩա
ƺ©˵ʲô
˫ͻȻŵڶںܶǰǳУХӱõ˷ϣֻǲֶ֪Ƿٶ統Хһ㣬Īľϲ
Ȼԡ
ͷֶһЦ
һûԼҳ鰡ֺҶʰϼ첽ʯֶ̨
ڿɲǳʱ򡣡
һɸֵϼֶֻЦЦûж˵ʲôһԾԾʯ̨ֺ˫۱أЦض
ֶǰĹ˵㰡ֺ꿴ǰֶЦЦص
ֺΪѡûֺ껰еĳֶҲ΢Ц
Ӧõġֺص
󲮣ʼɣֶƳһۣȻ̨µֿϣ
㡭ֿ죬ε̾ϢһȻһ֣Կʼ
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ֶҽ㣬֮䣬ŶôĲ࣡
Ԫھ֮йţһֺ壬ֶЦһ磬ǳ˺ǰƷ磬صضֶ˹ȥ
ֺǿƷ磬ֶȴǳϵģûаܵļ󣬼һĻ˶ǰҡҡͷⳡԣܿ͵÷ֳʤˡ
ٺ٣ֿԵļһȻս
⣬ɽֻЦһԵҲǵһЦеؿαһڿڵűеĲˮ
飡
Ʒ磬գ۱ֶǰȻƷ缴ʱֶҲ˶ֻҲƣֱֺƷһ
˫֮ܣȴûг֣Ǵ㵵ļֶ壬Ȼ˿ǰģ·ֺһƣ޷һ㡣
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Сӡ
Хʯ̨ϵǵӰϵ飬üΪľʣǰֶľȻûг׵ϣھȻǸصһ
ʯ̨µϼҲڴ˿̲ԾС죬У֮ɫ
أΣ
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˻ƣɲôõģ
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ɫ԰ףֺһɫ˻ʩչ£ԪҲǷضӿȥһƶֶŭ£
Ʒ֮£Ϊ֮ݡ
ֺĺˣֶȴɴݣ絶Ʒ磬Ȼһ䣬ȻǶ˿˿⣬ֺơ
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飡
֮ӿȻ˱Ǽֺ壬ҲͬǶߵķһ㣬ȻֱǱɶȥһģǱĵʯ̨ˤһʺ
ֺˤ̨ʱ֮Уٶȱѻȸ˭Ҳ޷ԭһȵһֺ꣬ȻֶУܵ˵ĸɴ䡭
áܺá
ʯ̨ϵ꣬Ƭ̺󣬻ӣ֮ʱУҲӿ޷Ƶļϲ


ڶʮ ӹ
Уžһ㵵Ŀ⣬㶵ʯ̨ϵ꣬ͷ𾪣Ǿþò
Ȼʤˡ
ХҲΪֽƬ̺ͻȻҵز֮ϣת˲ӿ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ֶľϲֱ̫гˡ
ʯ̨£ϼؿڣе𺳣ӣҲǽضֶǰֺ꽻ֻ֣ƴһƽֶ֣ȴֺܹܣҲǼӵ˵¶ѾֶĶ֡
ĳһ˵ȵһӦֶƥڵĺ
ܵĶӡϼԣֿҲǻص
ʯ̨ĵϣֺɫ԰ףĿЩãȻȻǻδתԵľϻعô벻ȻһֱδصֶС
õ̫Խˡ
ܣ
ΧһĿ⣬õֺâڱɫãͻȻһŭȣһ̤棬ٶȳʯ̨״ضֶȥ
ѾֺȻڷ裬ֶüͷҲһ壬Ųһ˫ͬǯ㽫ֺסٶȴ㽫ֺȥʱһȣȻ

һӰֱӴͬӥצ㣬һѶֶץ˹ȥһæ֣ȻԷȴȻǲģֱ

ͻıʣҲõ˴󾪣ǳ֮ʱ̨µֿ϶ʱŭȵ
ҲҶӣ
ֿϺո£һӰӶϣһ±ǳֶǰХ
Х㻹ΪڵҵĶôХ֣ɵһЦԪӿ˵ƷХŭĶȥ

ĹƣХɫ΢Ȼܣһȭغһ
飡
ǿ͵ȭͷ֮³ɻΰɢʯ̨ϵĻҳɨ˱ٶ޷ŵļȻֱǱ
ԪȻˣ
ԭոֵֿ̳ϣŲҲڴ˿̽ӲϯϣȻŭ죬ϵŭͬȻֹ
ʵ
ĵסΣͷȴڴ˿̷Хʧ
ƺˣʵȻͻָˣСдԣʲô֣ĪǾҸӺ۸ɣХص
ܣʵָˣ
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УЩĿˣҲ¶֮ɫףӽԺּҵʵֽˡ
ϯλϣع죬ҲǼæԾʯ̨һץסХֱۣڸܵԷǹԪʱʱ̲סشЦ
ãûʧ
صХļһԵֶܹ˵۾ƺЩͨ죬óҲǼ쳣
ͥڣ㾹Ȼ˽Գ֣Ҫּҵ˲ɣ۾ͨ첢δ̫ãȻǶȻתĿؿŭȵ
ŭȣɫҲ΢䣬ּУϼŨ˵һҲǽԪȻҸ첵⣬ֻܵͷ
ףȷ°ɣڿɻвٿءֿϴǰ
һѹеŭȻһ˦䣬ȽʰãȻǶȥԺ
£ҲǴһЩŭתȥ
״ֿϿЦŵ˵ͷһХˣôˣ˵ԣСҲˡ

ּҺԺһּұȽҪĵطѰˣ޷롣
ԺһУһЩӰλģȻɻһЩŭ죬֮£ֿϣХֱּϵ
̴ֶҲХԣ˿ⲻ̫õգǽ졣
ǳ˰һȻСּ̧֣ͷĿɨصһ棬
ףҳ嶯ˡ
һǰֺ꾹ȻֶУȷõЩԽܣСһֱڸХʱȣʱȣҲǰ˱˴˵Ķӡ
ףܵȷǳ嶯˵㣬Ҳ̫ˡֿ̾һΪ磬òڡ
ȬʵҲǻָԪּҵϲ£˶ŭ
˻ɫɻ࣬ХȴͻȻغߵԭͿԻָƫƫҪ
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Хûоܾص˵ͷһ£ׯ࣬ͶһɣֿϻЭ㡣
컰һ䣬Ƥ̲סһ飬ּԼһЩҵׯ֮أÿ󣬼ֱռּҵʮ֮ңׯǰһֱڹ
ȻĲˬҲҷľϾڵŸոŭ졣
ҪԼƹܻׯХҲȻҲ֪ׯӶּҵҪԣɣǵ˵ͷ
ԸЩĿȺ͵ֶϼԼɫЩѿֺ꣬ЦֶҲǱּѣ˵ȵһαԵĽȻ˸ȥѧݣҲ˷ģʲôҪҲܸүү˵ȡ֮ǰͻƣʱҲּơ
ܹⷭļѧݣһԵֶ۾˲


ڶʮ 
Ƚ󲻾ãֶסСɽͷǱ࣬絽ڣ½½˲صˣ˭ףӽֶХıǱȻٶȳΪּҵĺķӣǵλ൱Ĳ͡
Щǰ֮ˣХҲǷԸдһȻ󷽲Žߡ
УһĿٶǾһͣϵЦݵڣδʧνĸʵ⣬ģХֶֻҪܹúãҪʲôԸġ
أͨȭ˿ֺİ˻ƣ൱Ŀ°ڳŷʱХͻȻе꣬ЦЦص
Х⻰ֶµһֻƱ̲סض˶ٶȣȷХһ㻳ɡ
Ҳ˯ǰͻȻͻƵصģͨȭ˻ƣƽÿ춼ţ֪ΪʲôҶǵ򣬺ͦġֶͷüͷ
Ŷ
Хһֶǲ˵ѵģüͷҲһ壬ѧⶫȷǻø죬˵ѧţڶѧֻҪһ֣ܹڼ̵ʱϰء
Хܹܣֶıٶȣе̫һЩϾǰŲǴڶضѡ
ʱ䣬أٶȣĪ˵򣬿¾ǷŽУܹΪˡ
꣬ȷûзùʲôХʵϴ²⣬ֶҩռΪãҪǣƵԵʣУֶҲûеõƷ̫ߵҩ
Ȼû㹻ҩãЧٺãʲôã
ɡǰԼȥɽѵʱһֽɫĹʵҰˣƺҲûоʲô仯ѵΪԵʣֶգգۣŬ״Ȼ治ɫص
ХƬ̣ȴ벻νĽɫʵʲôҲֻҡҡͷ̫ȷصܰɡˣóʲôɡ
ģƺҲ֪鳶ʲôͷֻܲٶ룬ôֶʵܹǾõ¡
Х׷ʣֶһʯ£뱩¶̫磬ԺʱˣԽܸХ
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һȵԻֶȻ֪֮ΪֵʱգˣǻϹ֡
˵ԣǵ׼ңлңݡ
׼лңı壬﷢չ˵ǵΪ񣬶ݣʱȻֻж̶ʮ꣬ȴǺϣʵ׼лңǲ˿С
ңݣԲ֮ڵķԲУҲһЩ̶Ƹ˿ݻһ˵ѰˣǲǰȾָ
֮£ǿģҪּˣĳ˵ХָʵּҲͬӵеʸ񣬱Ͼ׼ҵĵ̣ҲֻӵԪĸֶѡ
νԣ־ٰ죬ʵ˵ףӦһԸеһһ
ȻͬҲǸһʽİн
˭ܹ֮ӱڵļȻҲйʣһʱȣִѹµʱȡ
ԣνԣǿ൱ҪΪܹȡòĳɼЩμӵСǸԼ֮еٮٮߣǵȽļҳ̶ȣɲֶСܹȵġ
ңЩ֣Ҳֺǿ

֪ˣҲиġ
Уֶջе˼̧ͷЦŵ˵ּЩУȡõĳɼãҲ˲ٵĳЦүүǶεԣͦء

Хص˵ͷлңΪǱԶּݶһЩų⣬Щ꣬Ҳ뾡취ѹּңĿģҪ֪ǲϴּҪչ͵ÿɫ
˴Х̲סһЩּҲ躹ޣʵָҲξǣɵüͣȡһεϣһּҵ
ֶٶȵ˵ͷ
״ХҲһЦȻһеݸֶүүĽƷҩ⣬ԺҲ˽ѧݵʸҪʲôѧĻԼȥɡ
Ʒҩ
ԣֶ۾ʱһæӹԴϴκ˵ɽзһöˮûƷҩǱʯö裬ΪޣҲһֱ᲻÷ãƷҩܹһ£ǵ辿жôǿ
ˣʱ䲻ˣȻȥϢɣʱһȥׯ£ԼաֶӹУХ˻֣

ֶ˵ͷǱŽһ̵ܳ˷䣬ѾҪȲһ£Ʒҩ۶ɵ裬ܹŶЧ


ڶʮ ѧ
ط䣬ֶǽŷűŷһߵǰеĽд򿪡
п¶ĺУǳ֮ϣͨѪ죬ȼŻ֥ţһ˵ζɢ
Ѫ֥
Ѫֶ֥Ҳ̲סظһĨϲ⣬ȻҲ˵ֵּ൱ƵƷҩ
Ѫ֥붼ֵǧӡֶ̾һǵȾ޿ɴû
ֶ˴֣ŵʯȡȻһѪ֥
ʯĽӴ£Ѫ֥ҲѸٿή·еľҩȫʯһ㡣
ڽѪ֥ɺʯ֮УҲǵöɫĵ裬ֶһץס
֣ŵȣֶϵϲɫҲǲŨ࣬Ѫ֥ϴνˮҩҪǿ
ջֶҲǽһѪ֥ʯɣѪ֥Ϊö쵤衣
ö쵤ƿУֶص˵ͷڴ£ͷȡƿޣƿУһװöˮĵ裬һȴʮöɭɫ飬Щ飬ʱ̴ںʱֶʹʯնġ
Х˵Щ飬ӵżļֵɷ֮ڵԪĸ˵ǼҪЩҲֶΪԼպԪ׼ġ
װʢˮƿȡֶСĵһȻһҧǽһ᲻úײǣֵжߣʵ˵
öһ壬ֶǸоһ쳣ҩ˲Ϣڱ
ǵۻҩ£ֶ壬ͬһ̰ԵĶһ㣬Ǽ⻹อǷǾҩ
嶼ǿʼʱھ֮ڵԪӣҲɢһɹһЩҩգӶԪԽ׳
һȫԱҩ龰ʮҵʱ䣬ۻҩų˼ٶ˰Сʱֶ˫ۣҲǻ
ǿҩ
˫ֶۣԽԼ֮еԪӣУβסľϲ֮ɫ
һηʹƷҩĵ裬Чֱ˵ǳϵĺá
ҩ˵Ų֮ЧϾΪֵԭ԰̷ֶ߲ĵ裬ȴȫȻûְָ߲оͬʯʱҲǽЩ߲֮޳һ㡣
һҲ壬ܹȫȫĽºͶۻҩա
˵ĻһöЧȴԶҩɱȡ
Ϊ֮䣬˿˷ѣһöȡõЧ˿µ÷Ʒҩܹȵϡ
ԪҲԽԽ׳󣬰ٶȣҪ̫ʱ䣬ܹڰء
ֶӿ˷֮ɫХǽԵϣԼʱ˵ûѹĻǼٵģлңӱּҺ񣬶Ҿ˵һСУҲǳһЩ൱ֶҪ׷ǣȻҪСŬ
ΪּҵˣȻҲҪΪ忼һЩԻּҵаǴ˴ܹȡòĳɼԺּҵҲܹͬݰ㣬лҲС
ͨȭ˻ƣѳϰأձȥѧݿܹϰһЩǿѧʱҲܹ༸սֶ૵˵ףƻʯĹӰ̵Ƕܹѧӵ£ԣƣɲˡ
˾飬ֶŽƿƿ޹պãȻͷǺ˯ⷬս˵ҲõΪƣ

գֶڽγ̾ɺ󣬱Ƿɿظȥּң;УˣЩˣһֶǰкģõֶΪڣӦһ£Ͻˡ
ѧݣּҺԺ֮УּҵصأһֻоܹС
ѧݵſڣŻţȻҲʶֶڳƵص˵ͷ󣬱Ƿ롣
̤ѧݣһζֶĿɨɨѧΪСݺύһЩľӣϣڶѧ鼮
ڶѧ鼮ֶʷһοбӿŨĻȣ֪Щѧ鼮ּһ˼ΪĴۣ޶
ֶڰѧУĿѧӳ
һƷѧɽȭ
һƷѧȷ
Ʒѧơ

ָѧֶۻңĴѧһƷΣƷ٣Ʒģһû֡
Ʒѧ棬Ҳġֶü䣬һͻȻæͷȴǼϼ˫۱أбһܣЦ
ϼ㣬ҲڰϼֶҲЦ
ֶܣȻصôϼֶ߽һմչȻЦ
ԴˣֶֻܱڸЦ
߰ɣҴȥƷѧүү˵ˣûдﵽԪǲƷԼϵѧϼһȻԽֶŮ޳ģԵøˡ
ֶеһƷѧЦЦҲǸȥ
ϼ˼ӣҲǱ࣬ϼĽŲһǰͣ£ּеƷѧˡ
ֶĴչͷֻǼϣʮŻɫԱߣŵľƣŹѧϸ顣
Ʒѧط֡
Ʒѧ޺צ

ֶĿɨʮľƣ۾ҲЩãЩѧ־ͱǰҪһЩ
㲻ƷѧɣһԵϼֶģɵûص
ֶٺЦЦѡһĿȴͻȻɨľܽ䴦λãȻһɫѧ鼮
ʲô
ֶǰȥĿЩɻؿ鼮Աߵľơ
Ʒѧӡƪ


ڶʮ ӡƪ
ӡƪ
ֶľϵĽܣȴû뵽ƷѧȻǲȱġ
ѧ˵үүһżȻõģҲ˵ֻһѧĲƪҪʶʶƷѧĻǻһְɡϼǰ
ǲƪܱүүӡӦúɣֶ˼ص
аɣѧȫҲûãүү˵ȱӡɹҲֻƷѧ»вϼЦ
ȱӡҲּв˶ƺҲүүɹȲƷѧͱˡֶȻе㶯ĵģϼǸ
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ֶǵ½ӴĽ׷йһ󣬷Ѹٵضңһ̵ıǶŽֵһͷȥ
ǰֿĵطֶ˳ҵ˹Թ̴׼̴ٶȹʱͻȻֱۡ
ֶһĿ̧ȴǼһϤӰ¥дܳȻɽ
ֶɽʱҲǷˣǱһɾϲ֮⣬Ȼ뵽ʲôɫһãԭز
ֶƳһɽЩףģƺһ㣬Ǳ
ɽվֶҪ߹ȥƺǰӣֹģ˺Ǿᡣ

ֶ̾һ̴˹ȥʲôˣ
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˵ɽɫǺ죬ͷ̲סش
ϼҲڣ
ֶһ㶣üͷ壬˻֣ȥ
ôϼϵǲģɽֺ꣬ǰôҲڼûô£Ҳ޷Թۡ
ֶ˻ɽʱ̧ͷؿֶȻû뵽ֶ᲻ǰӵĳְǣ۾Щ죬ص˵ͷ


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Ǳ棬лҵȺ쵰ϼҪ㶫Щ쵰ȴǹ⵷ңϼ̲סض֡
лͷģлǸŮˣлӯӯãҲǴصʵ˶࡭Уϼ㱻Ů˳ûһơ
˷ɿضſ¥ȥɽǽǰ鶼ϸ˵һ飬˵龭ͬʱȭͷҲǽţȻǼΪķŭ
ֶüͷ΢΢壬лҵСҲȷ̫˵㣬ϼô˵Ůӣ˲ɴҪѿˡ
лҵ˵ȷᡣһԵ̴ҲЩĹĵصΪּҵˣڶҪվһϡ
һɡֶ˵ͷٶȼӿࡣ

ڸ¥һƬʯ㳡㳡ΧһЩΪ̣ҩѧܹ
ǽ׷нΪ߶˵ĵطܹģ඼һЩݵˣ˿̣ŲΧڹ㳡Χ
˫䶼󣬵ּգȴԵøŨҡ
лּңǴҴҲ֪лҶּЩѹڼҵСʱҲе⡣
ϼǺҰɣȻĻǿ߲лСͷһŻĽµĸŮȻĹ͸Щ˱촽ȥ͸һ˿̱ζ
㣿ڴŮ棬ϼҲһЦϣһǳǳĺӡǰǰĳŮ˳סʱµ֡
Ц£ϼֱǽеһѩɫϣʵҲףⶫֻһƷѣлõݣô̫ⶫյ£ֻǶԷҲѡ
ҲȷϼϣڼӳʱлüֻһЦЦصȻӲƢ죬ҪСŸˡ
лãɲҪ̫ˡϼԣֺŭҲ΢ЩǱȻǰһ
лҴּһ棿ԣлһĨ
ٺ٣ҿֱӶһٰɣԺлҵˣƵߡлԣһЦ
껰һ䣬վԵһλҲЦŵ˵ͷ˵վλƺлСҲһЩλ
˵Ļֺɫ΢ߣֻϼǴأԷȴλҪǴĻȻǻԿġ
Ҳã΢ѵһ£Ҳ֪лҵĵλɲܹȵϵġлҲһЦͬһСħضϼ
лҲͬһлҵСҲǲɵЩܣضϼˡ
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ǰ˵Լлã֮϶ڴ˿̱һЩ˽Ųһ̤棬ضֺϼ˹ȥлСҲһӵϣּС
ֱӳлˣϼֺɫҲ΢Щѿ˶ˣܹǻЩԿġ
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Ȼл˳ϼǰҪʱͻȻƷһԴæܣʯͷصײһԵϣ˵ĵͳ졣
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ͻĲ֣õлüͷһ壬ĿתȴǼӰ첽ǰһˣǰǱӴܵɽ
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ɽһˣϼֺȴǾһжӿϲɫ
û°ɣֶ߽ȺһϼĿڼϵĺӡʱüͷҲǽ
ֶǸͻȻּдļһлõĿ⣬ҲֶɨɨһƲ
ôϼϲһᣬе㵣ģֶˣҲոոԷƽѡ
棬ɽֶЦʼգδĸлһۣҲûԷʻ
ֶľֹȻҲлõŭֱ£ǺзŭʱһԵһˣ˵˵ʲô
ͣһΪ˭ԭּǸХĶӡлЦ
⻰ʱֶԵĶ˶٣Ȼת״νĿлõϣȻһЦ̧ӣлȥ
СġٶϼæԷء
ٺ٣ԣλеͷּţжٽƵֶдλҲǲɵЦһȻһ磬Ĺ֮Ϸۡ
飡
ŻһֶһͳŴȻһӰ˾㵵ĿеɶصڵϣǱ
ǸոճȥǱصĻ꣬˶һĴ㵣ΧЩΧ۵ˣҲǽĿ⣬ͶֶɱǴһλصˣּλȵţһЩ°
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лõлСֱӱֶһȻȥĻ꣬ɫǾ
ҴлҵˣһͬΪص꣬ҲӿһŭٶȲаĳ˳ȥӰҲǲģֱӱֶһƴ򷭡
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һΣ˶һһλǺˣڶΣȴٳʲôɺˡ
ڰء
ϼֺ˴ֶıӰܹɵĴܴصĶֶ֣ʵȻ̤˵ڰأ
㡭ʲôҽǾ밤Ļ͸Ͻ˹
ɽлˣȻߵǰֶлҲǳһĨ԰ףȻǰͷֶ治ţֶҶִ
ǰŵ͵ĹӰֶȴһЦУⶸȻӿ֣
ס֣
ֶ˲䣬һٵĽȻ𣬽ţһ磬ֱǶֶȥ
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ǽʱֶҲ΢ֱӻ£һ޷ŵĿУݺݵ˦лϣõƬ㳡ǰ


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һĿ㵵ǱֶһȵͨлãһʱԭֵĵطǱеѻȸ
˲䣬һЩҲǻعĿؿֶȻЩߵĹϣлô˵ҲһεεˣȻݣƺûֶаĳɡ
ݣϡһЩаĶֶһּۣȵţƺֶҲЩһ
ϼͬΪֶľٶգһȻûлعлãв֪ôȻӿһɿУŮˣһֱǿּңΣֶһƣǴôġ
һлϣֶƶȻ̽ǱһץסǺȻҲһʯʯϵľûֱֶ˿Ĳ
ҡҴң
ֶֽʯסʱлǻعϻʹõ嶼ǲ̧ͷĿ⾹ЩֶǰģĻǰֺ
ܹҪһЩֶۡƳһۣص
ʲôҲҴңֶǵõлü񣬴С˭Ҵ
Ưڴ˿΢΢ЩŤһ˲Ҳָ𣬺ݺݵضֶ˹ȥ
ž
ֶƣ׵ؽлץס𷭣һԺЩĺҲǴӲԶ˹
˵ҲӦù˰ɣ
̺ĵֶƫͷֻǲԶһźõṲ̊鲽ŮȥԹģлЩƣȴûл¶Ŀ̱ᣬ֪ΪΣ⿴ȥ·ܺýӴŮȴõֶüͷ
㣡
һǳֵŮл۾ʱˣе
ллӯӯŮʱֶǲ²ݣλ˵лɫСлӯӯ
ֶǰɣǰľٶܲãʱ³çļ帶ۡлӯӯˮӣֶƽУЩ⡣
ղ۸ּ˵ʱֶɿлãǰ˵лӯӯЦ
лӯӯüһأ˵ֶȴǽŵҲ˵ʲôûʵĹƨ˵ײǿ˭ȭͷѣлҿּͲ˳ۣǸҲͰּ֮ûУҲ첻ߣҲ֪ǰ쵽ˣҲḶΪصĴۣ
ּҵˣҴ쾭壬Ҫҳӣֱǣ˵ЩԵÿЦ
ֶһ˵񣬵ȴʵ飬Χ˶΢΢ͷּЩ귢չҲǼ죬˵ûлҽ֣֪һЩϸ˶ףּҵʵʵлκһҲȥ
֣ȷǿּңͬΪһԵĿݣȴǲķϾȵʱлҽּҽˣһĿ꣬ͻˡ
ԣһֱĴ䣬Ǳ΢ƽ⣬˭˵˭ģԵЩˡ
лӯӯеĻҲֱӱֶǼĻµģɫҲ΢Щ̫ÿ
˵úã˭ȭͷǵ
лӯӯƿʱһЦͻȻһӰӶ¥ֱԾ£ֱͦӣõڳСǸܵһѹ

һװͦӣϼ˵ɫ˲ǱˣæӵֶЩǡ
磡лҵЩˣڼ˺ȴǴϲлøǻϲĽ˳
лӯӯδ򣬺ųСеĵһô
ֶüͷҲڴ˿壬ǵӰ˿ȥԼʮ߰ңͦΣģΪӢټЦݣȻС߱
ӯӯɡĿؿлӯӯЦ
лӯӯҲ΢΢һЦٿֶʱǲǳǳĻȸ֡
ֶǰɣǺǣǰĻҲͬҪǿƺĻּңͬɥ֮Ȯһıϳ򡣡Цֶ
лû㵽һĻҲ˵仰Ҳֶ֪Ц
ðɣ˵
۾΢Уʼ磬Ȼ˫ȭգ䷢ž죬ЦⰻȻؿֶղһ仰Ҹͬ˵ףʵҪ˭ȭͷӲڡҵȭͷӲǰöһƣû
˻ϼɫʱһ䣬˵̤˴ھأǰֶչֳڰصʵҲ޷࿹Ⱑ
飡
Ȼֶκξܾʱ䣬ˣոʱƱһ̤棬ֱǳֶǰȭͷ֮ϣŨĹӿľ磬õϼնӿ˲԰ס
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ĳֶ֣ҲһصײϼϣǾˣһƬڹ㳡
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ͨȭ쾢ЩϤڳ˶һЩؿֶȻ벻ܹͣͨȭ۷壬ƾҪֵĻ»ЩѰ
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֪һ㣬ǵھֶڲȻٶȴһΪϸ΢Ծ죬ȴǲûܹ
飡
ֻ̺ȭͷ˽ŵĿжȻײһεɢ


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ͳ죬˫ȭײƵǿ͵ϵĻҳƷɡ
˫ȭ֮еĲҰܣȴǲδֶ֣壬ͬʯڵϣʵﵽ˴ھصһȭȻǽ
ŵţ
˫ȭһ֣Ӱǵŵźˣֶܵ˵һȭûȡеЧ
Ȼˡ
Լƴһ൱ֶлһּҵСжӿ˾ɫǲݲ˲²⣬˿¶аʱ䣬ܹͻƴأԪ֮ʱ׼ҵʵֽ˶ǡ
СһУǵ֮ĵһˣȻգνĵһˣȻǱּҵһλССõòЩ۾
лӯӯлõɫҲͬڴ˿΢΢һ䣬ǰиǷ֮ɫּȵֶȷŻʵı¡
лӯӯ΢ƽǰֶһȭȷ⣬ȴ˵࿹ʸ
ôϾǴھصʵֶĴڰǿ˲֪٣ǰĽֶ֣ʹѧȴûУ
ԣҪĻֶǱȻ¡
ͨȭ쾢
˺ĿҲЩؿֶһۣһЦ˫΢˵Ϊλ˵ţԭһЩûǵȺˡ
£ֻצ֮ϣȻǷŨԪĲҲɢģȻҲҪʩչѧԵˡ
ⷬٶոջΪֶıֶϲɫϼˣϵϲɫʱɢȥģƺҪˡ
ֶɫƽ֮䣬ȷܴ󣬾ǰͨȭʮ춼ʩչ˳Ҳƴ൱ȻҲѧ׼ҵĵ̣ѧȼӦûͣҪԷʤ»һЩ
ȻֶҲģʤҲһʤ

ֶһʮָڶǺԣǸոϰصӡȫʩչж˵ӡһأХԼ֮ãֶӡһأȴǾʯӰƹģȻҲҪʩչʱǿ
ٶȽգõòΧ£˹µؿ˶ţҲǺ֪λּðţǷ߱սֳš
΢ֶĿ𽥵ӿϵ׼ּ汩ʱܹЩƲ𣬽ֶ佻֣ǲ׻ܵĻһһ˵ͷЩЦˡ
ٺ٣ﻹְ
ȻԪʼתʱһгЦͻȻȻʮӰǴһԵ¥Ծ£ֱ߽ڡ
ֵʮˣҲһЩԼʮ꣬Ƕͬؿڴһͼƣͼһͬ趯Ĵ󵶡
ݡ
һЩˣֶ΢΢һͼϱϳǵݣУлҲеĿݡ
Ⱥ͸ǰ棬һλȥԾݵ꣬˫ԵóĿϲẓ̇ȻǾ£˿λ꣬бƳһۣȻЦеĳֶĴָЦּǸֶǰɣʶ治
ƣҸ֮£ٶ£ƤЦ꣬ɫ΢ȵ
ҪǲܵµĻҪԼҵˣƷ˷ۣЦģȻҲǸ˼Ĳͷ
ٺ٣ôϲĻ棬ɺãЦһ䣬ͻȻЩȵض죬
˻ɫٶһǴ򲻹ƣֻƣһȶһûûˣһԾһǺһﶯ֡
ƣֻǲѣѵݵ粻ɣлӯӯص
ǲǿݵҲ֪ȷҵ磬ĻԸᣬȻһܡлӯӯеĳȴ൱ص˵ͷ
лӯӯҧź촽΢Щ࣬ʲô˳һ˵ֶһˣõͷҲӵĻ
ֶƵĻشʱҲ̲סһЦ˵ЩļһﵹЩøС
ƤҲǳ˳飬ɫЩ
ˣ˵ЩСһҲֹˣǸԻȥɣǻҪġ
ǽŵձƸҺ¥ϣҲǴһε̧ͷֻһλӸµضǣ󣬻һȺ뺷Ĵ󺺡
׷Ĺ£ǵԪĸ֡ϼֶ˵Ҳڴ˿һȻ˳ˣǿⳡ־Ҳýˡ
¶棬üͷҲ壬֪޷˳Ķֻ֣ɢȥĵԪֶһۣصãģԵˣʱһרšչˡһ㣬öһƣҼȻ˵˻û͵Űɡ
⣬ƣϣҲʹģʱ򣬱С
һ䣬Цһлӯӯתȥʱ䣬ֻҪȵͻƵ˵Ԫʱֶһϣֽܹ
ԶȥıӰֶ۾Ҳ΢һ˿ȣôеСڴ


ʮ ۲
ϼ˼ȥҲĵһ˵ֶʱ¶ʵΪľˣҪţǣжǺǿãԣܹڽ֣ǵȻõ
ٺ٣ϼּڳ˸˲õļһ˰ȥתĿֶɨɨϼЦŵ
ϼһֶۣļЩȻصȻֶܵٶȣҪǣɲʲôѵ¡
ϼֱģֶҲֻҡͷȻЦնлˡ
Ȼǿóƴ¶棬ʵҪңõ޷ĵĶ֡
ûʲôлģǸҲǶͷܣǺġЦŰ˰ֶ֣ǰûʲôӣӸղźݰĽУóߵʵ²ȥ
ֶЦЦлҵĹϵͬǺܺãĻּ˵ǺϢϾܹϵĻХָʵҲ޷⡣
ʱ䲻ˣұˣֶټʱҲ㽻֣ϣܴʹ㡣
ٶһᣬƱЦŻ˻֣Ȼתȥ
Ҳȥɡ
һɢòĳ棬ֶҲһЦƫͷϼ˵

ǰǳͻϼҲǲԸ¶ǵ˵ͷһȺҲһĿע£ӵ

ڻصּҺ̴ֶǲû̻Сɽͷʱ䣬պµףּҾ۲͵ʱÿʱ䣬еĺĳԱǻһ𣬻㱨еĸ顣
ԭ־۲ͣǰֶ޷μӵģԴȺּҵĵλֱּ۲ϣҲһϯλá
Բµգ¹к£Ŵء
ּҺԺʱԵ÷֣ʮ˴ڴԲ֮ǰЦϡ
ֶһλã·ϼֺּΪС
۲ͣΨһõֶЩϲģǼʱһֱæŻׯХ
ڲλȻλã˿˼Х̸ţѯŻׯⷬϺҲص˵ͷЦеĿ⣬ͻȻͶ·ֶ
ҽӵϢȺСһָлСͻˣ󻹰׼ǸСҲ˹ȥ
ϵĿ⣬Ͷ죬⻰ʱһЩɫҲ΢ݺݵصһԼŮ
ǰҲÿһΣЩСӶǱûͷĻģͷҲеҪȥҶԷۣȴǱһСˣƮƮĶµƿԡ
ף¶ϼѾͷģȻȥһѵġֿһԳ
Ǻǣüǿûּҵ
ЦŰ˰֣óƺΪĿģЦֶСһǱֱȵХǿһ˰лﵽصСӴ򷭣󻹽ҲⱾ£ǿЩ޲ڰ
Ŷ
⻰ڳ˶ЩݣХǾȵؿֶȻδϵȻֶܹܡ
ģХ̲סʵ
һĿעӣֶֻӲͷƤ˵ͷʩչͨȭδʹѧ㲻ʲôƽ֡
̤˴أʹͨȭ֮ľֲǺ˲ˡֿҲЦ
ֶӦýڰ˰ɣЦص
ֶε̾һֻܵ˵ͷ
ãּңǳһ׼ҵţֶͷ̲סشЦǻϲЦХֿҲ΢΢һЦһԵɫЩӡ
ԣĸҵʱ䣬ʱҪŬʲôҪģ;˵ֻҪּеģ;Բ˽츧ź룬Ц
⻰жһݣ⻰ȻҪֶĺХҲˡ
ϼҲЩĽֶչֳĳɼȷܼ
лүү
˵УֶȻûоܾȴҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģʯּҵԴû̫
Ȼ⻰Ȼǲ˵ҼҪּҵԴżʱҲȡһ£ʯٶ̫죬ɡ
ЦŰ˰֣ٶһ¼飬۲𽥵ɢȥ
ԶȥȻǲϴˬЦֶȭͷҲ΢΢գǽϣϣͬ꽫ϣХһ㡣
үүİɣԸһʵֵġ
ֶţ̧ͷǹĻȣ΢е䡣
СǸļһ


ʮ ͻ
֮УֶڴϣСĴӻеľȡȻеһöػƹ˫ָ
ػƹ¶ڿУƮŵζ
ֶöػƹУȻһһ˿ԪǴԪ֮ʶѪ֮еʯڡ
ˣ
ԪӿֶֻƤ֮µģģȻڴ˿̷Щһ˿˿ߴë͸ҫڵػƹ֮ϡ
ߵ䣬ǵػƹʱѸٿήڹ߽֯䣬Ϊöɫĵ裬ֶС
һĻֶУҲǳž֮̾ɫжеʯԽĸеء
˵һЩʵǿˣܹʹþ۷ģӶָ߱ЧѵʯҲ˶ģ
ֶĵ裬˼ż˵һЩ£ǱϾХ˵ЩңԶ˶磬֪ҲǺ
ӴޱȵĴ򣬼ֱ̫΢ˡ
磬ܹҪȥһġ
ֶ΢΢һЦŵĺӿ֣ţյĽŲֻǾһ֮У
ڴ֮ǰŬ˵ɡ
ֶеĺܿǱʵƣε̯̯֣ڵ㲻ö⣬οǸӾΣյ硣
еһöɫУֶϥǹɢҩҲǷһĨЦݣȻҩϵ׳ž֮еԪӡ

ԴӵֶֽлһСʰֶּܺСеҲȻֵزǳϼֺꡣ
ˣܹѪԣлҵСͻʱ඼ǳԿͷ˳ЦȻֶȵȴ־Ťת٣ǵּСٴлҵСʱԷҲǰǰ޼ɵ
ͻȻֶǱֵòÿɷ񣬴ʱ䣬ȻǷ֮ϣżɽȥּңҲֻȥѧݹ䣬ʱС룬Ҳƣû̫Ϻ
ֵֶ͵£ʱ䣬Ȼš
Уֶûͣ͹Ƭ̣Ŭ£侭֮еԪӣҲԽ׳ۣʱ̽ų֮ʱҲܹо̵ϱڣҲ΢Щҡҡ׹
µԭʹöػƹʮöԼϴʣöѪ֥裬Ҳıӻˣ;ʱֶòٴȥǽ׷ᣬʹʯҺʮƷҩŽµʱ֧
Ȼٴȥ׷ʱֶҲǽ»һ½ʯҺ¹ʯСһ㣬ûġ
УֶŲĽչ⣬̴ĽչõĿɿڴ
ʵԵʣ̴ûʹ̫ҩȻٶȣ·ӵʯֶֻǲ˿ѡ
ʱ䣬̴һּΪ˳״ֱ̬ǽأ֮Уûо̫Ͽѵˣ壬ؼԪٶȣƺҪԶԶĿϳˡ
̴ֹ״ֶ̬ҲΨһľȻһХؼң֪ºͬҲֻһĴ㵣ȥ޷֪⾿ô£գҲֱֻܰ仯̴ϡ
ȻǱȽãȻХֶܹо̴ʵĲƽֲ֮ƽϲҲǣˣһ󣬶Ǿʱ̴סܣϾ˭Ҳ֪Ǵ˳ȥǷʲô鷳
⣬ڼ̴ٶҲѸٺֶҲǴּѧһЩȽʺŮѧȻʹʯӰЩѧƺ󣬷ְֵؽ̸̴һҲõ̴ӵһЩ֮

ʱԽĽӽԣҲһձһ֣Կʼҵʱ䣬ɲܶ˽Ͷע
˭֪ԣ򼸴һֲ֮ÿһεԣóһЩͷЩͷʵҲ൱зȻģļܹȡʤЩͷǹ˭УУлңǽԣּУȡ˲ۺĲͷ
һεԣȻҲŲ˲²ӮңֽĴ֮еһλȻ֮УΪõģ׼ңΪ׼㱾Ǯֽ׼ҵλСеһ˵λãܹ
ݴԣпܣ֮ǰ̤뵽ԪĻ˷ԣ׼ҵʤ㣬ﵽ˰˳ɡ
Ĺ⻷£ҵС΢еʧɫˡ

Щ̸۲²⣬һֱڰֶȻǲ֪Ҽ֪ˣҲᣬûп֮ǰκεĲ²⣬Ǻá
ְֶҲǵʱŵѮʱȡشĽչڣ˽ٴεĵ֮ϣһ׼ֵ£һ׳ƣ
Ԫӣֶϲͻϰʱֶܹоһɱ䣬·š
ָоǱ죬󺣡


ʮ 
ھصĽ룬˵ʵû̫ĳֶϣ¶ټڶҩĶѻڵԪѾﵽ㹻Ƶ֮ϵĵز
֮һֱţΪֶҰģ΢ЩΪͻƵھصʱ򣬱̽ųһµԪ
뷨˵ȷе񣬴ھԪȻֻһ֮߼Ĳ࣬ȴǼ֮󣬺˵һԪĸ֣ܹɵĽĸصˣ⣬ǲࡣ
ܶڴﵽھʱǰͰİȴŵеԪ׳һĳ̶ʱŸǵԪֶ뷨ģȴǼټ١
Ȼ˾˵񣬵ֶ˵ҲȫȡԪӣѰˣǿ࣬ټʱڶĵҩԼвƵĴеСǮ

һڰ˳ֶĺ³һ㣬ֶ΢յ˫ҲСůо壬ǳ
֮ǰȻһ
ܵڵı仯ֶľҲЩܣĿһ˵ֱӵ޷ݵҪԣ֮Ϊؼĸ
Ժǽ˵ԪܹؼʱԪҲ
ؼ򵥵֣ȴڲٵطˣؼѧͬѧܹ󻯵ĽԪؼȴܹϣǿԪ
ֶ֪һЩģϢؼҲŵȼ֣֮ûѧǰ㷱ֵֻ࣬ȼ
ɵ͵ߣؼؼһؼ򵥣ͨףȴʵڡ
ּУҲһؼȴֻˣؼԭһֱԱţУΨ̤Ԫĸ֣ܹ֪ؼĴڲϰ
ǱؼֶҲֻǺżȻʱ򣬲ХԵ˵û̫ҲףǶźεȵҪԡ
ϣֶ˦˦ͷԺе˦ȥ˵㣬Ԫˣ˵춼Ὣؼ
ֶͷȻƿӣһƿװʢʮöɫ޵ĵ裬һƿӣɭɭһööɭ׵飬ͷű̹ǵĺ
ֶȡö裬ȻУ˽СʱŽۻҩգڽպ֮еԪҲԵЩ
ŵԪķӿֶŴһƿȡһö飬̹ǵĺֶѱԪȻǸоһɴʹ
νԪ˵ױҪԪɷ֮ڣԪøǿ׶ΣΪҪģؼɷ֮
Ȼؼͨɷֶ֮Ȼǿ̴ۣնЩ飬ǴﵽȵƷʣǳɹںϵĻȻҪԵøǿһЩ
ö飬ֶһȻҲɣֱӾС
壬ֶ弸˲ǽӲĺɢƤ֮ϣҲǲ˵м
̹ǵĺڴھʱֶ൱ǿܹסǵʴ

ֶɫףݲϵشŶ£ܹоö飬һڣǷɿش֮ܽڣöĽ룬ԭĵҲ˲Ϣ䷭
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ͣ
еĶԽԽԼʮӺֶɫӿһɺһѪ̲ס˳ѪУһŵıꡣ
Ȼֶ˴εľٶʧܸˡ
ϧ
ֶĨȥǵѪ԰׵ɫϺ󽥽ػָϧҡҡͷȻ˼һγԪ˵ʧܣȴǵõ˲ٵľ飬ңҲ˵ȫûջ٣ĵУһ˿˿ɷ֮һԪУȻ٣Ҳһֽ
պƿޣֶеʯҺ߳䣬Ȼһöսںһ˿ɷ֮ӵ㹻ֶ˵ȴ̫⣬˴˴εľ飬ģ´λӳɹһЩ
̤Ԫֻǳ¡

ʱˮ֪ȥѩƮ裬ϣװعƯ
ѩʱϵҲ𽥵شﵽ۷壬ΪԻֻŲʮʱ䡣

һѩĿտּ䣬Ӱɿ콻ȭƽ䣬ǿ͵ľ羹ǽڵѩɢ
ӰһȣһƮݣֻ䣬Щŵζ
飡
˫ƽһӰһǽжȥŮȴǵŵŵ
ˣô򲻹ŮСལǰ꣬
ŽеŮֶȴ΢΢һЦжǰߵĽеǾȣ̶һµʱ䣬̴İԼżʣͻƵڰأǽߡ
̸̴ֶ֮һЩѧҲǱΪĵزڵ̴ɲͬǰǰֶĲ²⣬ּСУ̴ܹģҲֺϼ˶ѡ
ֶ磬м죬ԱˣɵöͰ̴ֶ߽С֣ĽֶϵѩȥȻЦ
ǰͤͤŮֶҲЦŵ˵ͷƣǵ̴СԴȻȥһֶ壬ȻӲӿһĨ
ֶĿУʯƣͻȻڴ˿̱һɴǿ⣬ǿֵ˲䣬̴ǰһڣֱӻ˹ȥ
̴ʱֶģٶȱǿ£̴ֲֿɷ֮ͬˮıӿģضֶӿȥ
ǵȿֲʴ£ֶ棬ڶ̶ʮʱУ˱ı㡣
ˣҲڴʱĻΪһ߱ˡ


ʮ Ԫ
ͻȻıʣҲֶŨŨĿ־壬Ǵ̴ӿɷ֮񱩵һֿµĵز̶ֳȵɷ֮Ͳǰ֮ȡĺܹȵġ
ֶĿƣҲ屻㸲ʱ׵ʧ̹ǵĺͬһ㣬ضÿһλݺݴȥǵȾʹ£ֶڲѪ⣬ǳЩŤѪҺٶȣǱ仺
һеףǱľ棬֮㣡
ֶּȴǱ̴ֵͬްĺԵ̫΢ңҲΪʲôʯᱬֱʣǰҲûи̴Ӵ£ͷһη
ںʴ£ֶʶ𽥵ؿʼģȻʶ׵ĺڰȥʱصʯǳ֡
ٶȴʯ֮ڱֶÿһλɷ֮Ƿɿػ󱻾̽ʯ֮ڡ
ˡ
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һ˿ɫĺȻ£ֶǽʶȴȻǴܵһļ£ܹоһ˿ɫĺ²ô򵥡
ɫĺһ·谭ֱӳ뵤ȻֶǸо֮Уٶȱһ˻𱬵սǵȻʴںϵľս£ĵĴϸ΢ʹС
սѾʧȥ˶ȨֶҲֻиɵ۵ؿţõһǣеļµıɫΪʯԵʣƺûеıŰԣڵеԪһ˿ɫĺ˽ʮ֮߰ʱߣǳںϵļ󡭡
֮У𽥵ںϣԭûضɫԪȻǱԭȭͷСԪӣҲڴ˿̣ΪһűɫţΧܹĸоƮ
Ǳɫųʱֶ壬ͻȻҵһһִδйǿоĵٵӿɢÿһλ
ꡭ
ֶϵı㣬ڴ˿ͻȻѿһ϶鲻ϵص䡣
ֶ뵤һΡԼĵǱɫţԵüΪˣŻתţһ˿˿źԪΧʱȴֶĵǲ
ֶ˳۾գһصĲԺɢʮ֮ڵĻͶԺУһϸ
ǵԪô
ƿصĸоõֶ弤òϵز̤ԪĽĴţ
һеһҪؿ
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ͻ˷ܣõֶ쳤Хĳ嶯ͷǱǿ
УֶϵıǾ䣬ڵϻΪһ̯ˮǽյ˫ۣڶһºҲ
˫һƱɫĹֶӹһš
ֶȭͷ̺֮֮ǰ֪ǿ˶ٱĲ²⣬ڿѰһȭ֮֮ǰʩչͨȭʮ죡

һЩİֶֶ˫ͻȻһ𣬰ڳһӵӡӡ
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飡
õӡͻȻһֶһӡֱӱǺǰһ˴ȴ׳Ĵ֮ϡ
ӡһŴʱѶľм˶ϿڴȻź˪ۣһƣǴ֮ϵĻԪ̺֮ŵ֮ǻöԷԵĿͷ
ԪȷԶǴ徳ɱȣ
һƵƣֶҲӿ־ϲ֮ɫ̲סҪһʱĿȴͻȻ˻ڵϵ̴ϱӿ֮ɫ
һεĽԪȻʯǿд̴ȡֲֿĺپĴֿºڵıŰ󣬷ŹעֶȻĻֶǿ̴ֺĻ³õıɱ
ûʲô£Ȼ֪ˣǿٲһŭ
ֶһ£̴ֻǻԹȥظһģЦһȻͬ˯˰Ů֮ȥ
ԪĽ룬Ϊⳡʣñֶϵܹ࣬Կʼ֮ǰﵽһֶ˵ȻҲһõ¡
лңּôεĲͷΣҲ³ˣ
ڱŮؼʱֶϣҲЩЦӿ֡


ʮ Կʼ
صĽӽ̶ֳȣҲ𽥵شﵽ˶壬Բ֮ڣڶǷӵõﵽߵ㡣
Ա˵ļͬĻŲ룬ЩͷûĴôǿңģֻҪͨԱǵļߴׯѡ
ǳʲôĿģԱȻǷԲ֮йģĻӱһǶԼǼõ
Աʱ䣬ڴһص㣬֮޽ǳڣΪΰĽռӴֱǽһƬʮĴƬֵģһƬСɽɵľ̨ĿĿԵĹھҲﵮ

ʱָ룬εĿߵԿʼһʱգǳ׵ķڣƺƵɽ˺޽ǳǰ㾰ۣѪڡ
Կʼĵطô
ֶվһ̨ϣӸµ·ïܵĴ֣Щص
ֶּеĺĳԱڴˣͷģȻү죬ХֿϣˣҲԡ

ֶ⣬Цеص˵ͷǰߵĿ⣬ЦοֶȵõҲԽԽӣʱ䣬Խ̵ֶѧĽ飬ֶҪרʵĽڸˡ
ӵʯӰҪκ˽̵ѧһ̫¶ʯĴڣǾЩ̫ˡ
Ƭֱ֣ͨɽкܶ׺ݵޣμԱˣһ־ݵӣȻ󱻶УƬҪԼЩצ
һԵХЦЦŵ⣬Щצ´ʱ㻹취ӱϣȡʮƣܾ̤߱ľ̨ʸԣĲֻޣʵģˡ
ֶͷһݣԭûеô򵥣ҪȡʮƣǾ˵ʮˣӵ̨̤ʸ񣬿󣬵ʱЩһƬ֣㽫Ǳ˴˳֣ǳ棬Ҽ˵Ļҡ
ң취ȡеʱ÷еЩޣһǻὫСǶ
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ֶ˵ͷһٽʮȷɡ
ǺǣֶڵʵҪ˳ֵ̨¶ѡֿһЦŵ
ԣϵЦҲǱŨ࣬ǰµʱ˵ֶ˳̤˴أٶȣХʢʱڣҪǿһ֡
һΣּܹȡõڼͿֶıˡ
һԵХԣҲǲɵøһĨЦݣֶļЩԺο
Ǻǣ죬þòϹͷôӲ
̸ּʱͻȻһЦӲԶЦԼХüͷһ壬ϵЦҲǵһЩ
ֶĿ˳ķȥֻһ˺ƵⲨ߹ĵطȺҲѸٵɢģֵΪη塣
һǰ˲Уһŵɫĳӣ俴ȥ࣬˫ݣԵΪһˣһλӣϣǹЦݣȥ·Ǻһ㣬ȻΨϤ˲֪һʵһЦ滢
ϼһ׼ҵ峤ױһлҵ峤лǫһּҵĶͷʲôöֶԣϼ
ֶ΢΢˵ͷĿ࿴һۣܹо̺ǿˣӦҲԪǿߡ
ֶĿɨһˣǶϤӰԼлӯӯ
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ÿԶҪʧٵĲͷ˭涼µģĶˣЩױԣлǫƤЦⲻЦص
ĵּ˶һŭȴǱֹƽصĶµģлˡ
˵ּȵһţӦñλɣױݵ˫ۣͻȻֶϵϣһĨЩЦݡ
ױţֶҲǸоƤ飬ϹȻʲôö
ȮСѣܸ׼ȡХֶǰص
ܱܲȣȵʱԿʼˣȻнֻּۣܽεĲͷ׼þСױһЦȻɢĻ˻ֱ֣Ǵǰ
ĽŲھֶǰʱͻȻ˶٣һۺԼԵ̴ϼֺּСͻȻЦֶ޲٣ɵСģĪҪ޶֮Ŷ
£һĨɭ䣬Ŀ綾߰ضֶȻ󷽲ʩʩȻתȥ
쵰̫ˣϼıӰ޷޵ص
ֶĿƳһıӰȻóԷеĿ֮ϣҲǸһĨЦݣ
˭޶֮˵»˵㰡


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ھһЩӦһƬʯ£ǲԶлҵˣǽֻƳּһۣǽĿ˻ȥܱϱֵδݣУּϾһЩӵġ
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ּ˵ϯҲ½½Ųֳ֣ոӵĻ𱬡
ֶҲһʯ£Ŀ⿴·ïܵĴ֣Լ䣬·ܹЩ޺
ڴеЩޣֶǺ⣬ʵֻҪޣѰ޵ĻҲѶʲôΣա
ޣһֱ޸ӿֲĴڣ˵ޣҲܹ׵ؽµ˺飬ңһЩʵǿޣӵǻۣһܹͬʹǵɱ쳣Ŀֲ
һ˵޶شɽʢǲ޳ֵģ˵Ķ֣ЩߣΪ˶ȡеƣǱȻʩչһеֶΡ
ȻһеĹֶΣʵǰҲԵüΪĴڵֶʸš
ֶŴֵεʱȴͻȻ޽ǳ΢ЩһƫͷǼһȺӰӿƬȺؿϣͬͼơ
ݡ
ΪΪѸٵһݵĳ֣˲ٵߡ
ֶĿڿݵȺɨɨȻͣǰһӰϣһλЩݵӣޱ飬Ŷݺĵ̣ƽ˼䣬һڲƵĳ״ģӦһ
ǾǿݵĹ׵޳ǣܹѸٵܲɷֵϵҲһλԪĸ֣ϲĻѾﵽԪڣԪҲһ֮ңܹ佻ֶܵģ²ᳬֶָ֮ԣХ˵
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ʱԿʼˣлᣬԺлӯӯСǿ϶ֵģһԶܹе鷳ƺٺЦ
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λֵӣԵĹأҲͲٶ˵ֻҪܹȡʮƣܹƬ̨ᵮԹھ
ױͳԪĲ£ص޽ǳУõÿһ˶ܹ
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ּһЩĽĿУֶ֣صĽӹƣϽƽȻѾȷμԣΪּȡΡ
ľУֶĬĬص˵ͷҲ˵ʲôϻǴ޽ǳĴϵԾ·ֵӰһǰվڸ̨ıԵ
ֶ׼ʱǲԶлҴлӯӯҲǻЦݵؿֶͻȻĴָ·һ㣬ͣҲź
˵ûǿֶͣ˳˵ûˡ
ֶҲͻȻһЦͬźȻתԾ¸̨޽ǳ֮С
ֶӰ˫΢УһЦӹЩҲǿֶĿ
ֶ˵ҵ㡣


ʮ 
ǰĴֶ֣΢̧ͷһ۴ֵķǺѹѹɽ˺еѣεĸо˵ˣҲһɢ
ڴ˿̵Χ½½ŲӰУˣǸԱ˴˵ؾš
ѾʼֶҲûĳٻŲ߽ïܵĴ֮У߽֣ǳԵǱïܵĴڣһʱ䣬徻˲١
ֶ߽ʱԶҲӰĿɨɨȻǸȥģ·ǲֶеƣƺôġ
Щ˵ȥֶҲûмȥ׷ڱһ·󣬱ǶŴλõɽ̨ٶȥЩ߶ȥҲĴȥѰҡ
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һ·ж˳ȡƣԼһ飬ֻĿ飬Ǵﵽ˵ʯ̨
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ХҲǿЦһտׯ£ֶ඼ԼҶںߵʵʵҲû̫˽⣬£Ǹе𺳣Լео޷š
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˶һۣȴ˵һ仰ǽ𾪣ƺõǿʼЩľˡ


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ܵԪĿݽߣֶǱеö裬˳ź壬ɲǼ侫ҩɢ뵤֮Уǿݽߵĸо
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ƿӣֶץСһţȻתɭ֮ٱܶȥС۵֮Ҳּ

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ֺô̴ŲٿܣĬֶЩССֵҪ󡭡

ķУֶһյ˫Ҳŵдĵ֮УҲ΢΢һЦСԾ´齣ǱСװȻ˯Ů
͵¹ӴҫŮϣԵüΪĶˡ
ֶŵĽ̴ѿһЩıϣŲһ˿˳˷䡣
ֶ˳ʱŮǵĻȣҲԵ


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ѹʯСЩķӦΪԵʰɣСĻЩͬ
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үүǴô죿ֶ
үүѾ˵ˣҴǰľׯϰȵĽӣҲֻǿжˣ£ռХ
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ţȥ׼׼춯
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ʮ ľׯ
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ǰһĻǸֶԵӥҲҧгݵŭ


ʮ 
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ǺӰ·Ȼ㶼ֶϲɵӹһĨЦ֮ϵԪԽŨ
ֶɫƽӡõٶԽԽ죬䵤֮УɫԪҲǷɿӿС

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ո£һϤӰǳֶǰƽʵһȭţɽػβŵ棬ɶ


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ǳǰӰֶҲ΢ϲæе
Сӣ˵ֻ㾹Ȼ˽ԴׯǳֶǰģȻǼźűǼæХ˿Ҳתͷֶŭص
үҲֶүǴĻľׯ͵ñ׼ҸˡһԵӥæ˹ָһƬǱĺ󷽣
ԣХҲһĿ˳ӥָȥȻǿǳҩˮζĺľ򣬵һɫǱüѿ
ХľׯȻ׼ǣڻδ֮ǰ׼֮Ȼ˴ׯδҲ̫׼ҷˣ
ХɫѿʱǲԶҲǴŭ֮ӢˣǴʮӰ
ߣǲӲĻľׯ͵ñ׼ȫˣХɫضӢˣЦ
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׼ҿֶΰôãԭ׳нľׯˣֿĿ¶ضӢˣ
һԵЩּҺ֣Ҳڴ˿̽еĵĿⲻƣģȻһԲϱҪֵơ
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ӢԶȥıӰХ˵ɫȴȻǺòȥľׯ𻵳㻹ܹջľ²Ҳǻ١
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ЩɥŭӣֶҲǰ̾׼һ֣ȷݶ

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Ӱӣͷڱͨڣͬźɫһ㣬ҫ£۵Ĺ͵ͫ͸ײթ

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ӶʱʯĲҲǼӾһ㣬ֶһ£ֱǿӶУȻһ͡
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ֶ㶵鵭ɫľʯͻȻݺݵһ˫֮УӿŨŨ֮ɫ
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ֶû뵽ȻڳԪʯҪ֪Ԫʯһ㼫ٻᵥ֣ΪԵʣԪʯֵĵطпܱһƬƬɴС˵ĻֻһСĿּ˵ǾĲƸ
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ĺСҲһͺ㣬ͬһĳɭ֡

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ԣХҲǿЦŵ˵ͷ˵þɥΪ˴ܹһˣû뵽ͷȴһһׯӡ
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ХǵͷʱǴĴͻȻһƿֶӰֱӴǱģһ˵ֶȴֱӴӻͳһöɫľʯصطǰϡ
үүּң񵽱ˣ


ʮ 
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ֶ˵ͷָǰǿ鵭ɫľʯڳģүүӦ֪Ԫʯٻᵥĳ֡

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ȥɣԸ˿ּңߣ׼ҵĶɲôõġױӣҲӿ֮ɫ

ڽնɱ֮󣬿Ŀɹһֱ뿪ɵˣǾϸѡЩˣּҸǼΪĳͣһǽ˽ӵľׯһܹסҲܹôΪһԾ棬й¶ܡ
ֿɣֶȻǰﲻ϶æûоʹ˻ľׯɽ֣ЩɭУڶޣҪĥԼ
׼ׯЩֵʱֶظоԼʵսĲ㣬ԪԼѧԵʣ¹Ӧˣ͵õЩæҡ
νʵսֶ޷ΪĿ꣬ԱǽĿЩͬ׺ϣľׯɽ÷ֶе

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˳źķתƶȥֻһͷͨ巢ľʸһӰϣȻھǷ켴ҧӰʱۻԪ˫ָǶȻ¸̵Ѫ
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ǣҲ޵һ֣ԪʵµʱУֶһｻΣʼǱӴܣֱڽһ
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ֶӻȡһƿӣеһöҩ裬СУȻƿʣĵ裬ɵÿЦҡҡͷС׵ĳɳһҲԽԽʳʯҺǲˡ
ϻֶзһСױǻΪһӰӣɿشܳɭ֡

صľׯֶϴһӣ󣬱ֱɽصķߣ˳ص˿֮
ڵĺɽȻѾǴģһɽ壬ϵŶô洫
ڿĳڴХֶԣӣУװŵɫԪʯ
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Ԫֶһص
һЩǿߣܹԪʯ֮ڵ۳ԪֵҩԪµˣżãձ㣬ʮöԪʯ²һöԪǺǣһЩ˵ԪʯԼԪǱӻƽȶĻҡХȻ鼫ã˵ǲ䷳Ľ͵
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ڿּҵĴ󹦳İɣȥġֶģХɵЦ
ֶٺЦЦȻתͷǱװԪʯľ̾һԵХһ˵󣬱߿ԸŻϼӿܡ
Х߿ʱֶҲ̲סץԪʯȻץʱеʯȻһɲţԭ˸ŵԪʯȻǼٵ˲Ϣ䣬âɢΪһĩƮ¡
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ֶЦЦȻתݣһ·ϣϵظԵŮ˵׳֮еĲ֮ͬŮһЩ

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ֶϸط˷⡰ƪú󣬾΢΢˵ͷʵ˵ؼһζοھǻɬ֪ΪΣֶȴܹúܿ죬ָоͷ·ľ߱츳һ㡣
ַ֣ҲõֶЩ죬ܹ츳κġ
һȴδھ츳
СƪСǬֶһ£Ȼ󻺻Ŀ죬۹۱ǣǹġ
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ɬĪĿھֶл𣬶Ҳ𽥵رۣԼ˿˽СʱҺֶľͻȻһ㱣һ˿˿ľԺ͸󻺻ӿ
žӣĿеֶȴٶġھ󣬶ٶţεľƮգǽׯ԰һһǷֶԺС
ӣ޿赲ǽƵأεľܶ˶Ǻ޲Ȼ֪ǵľٶѱӡ
صһĻõֶеΪ棬ԪȣƺԵøӵ翣ֵȷʵʵڵشš
ׯ԰еһ䷿У찲Ȼһ˿˿Ԫϵӿ壬δ̫ã˫۱ȻĿǰ޵Ŀȵ֪ǺηˣΪ޹ʿּң
£һۻԪҲڱӿݺݵײǰĿյ
飡
εײһΪϸ΢죬ٶȹ𣬶죬ȴɫأǰӦǷʦľֺּʱǵ˷ʦѵ׼ģ
ɫʱԶһ䷿УֶȴǶȻ˫ۣɫ԰ף˫Уȴӿžϲ˷ܡ


ʮ 
һ˳ؽԪʯҲõּҳͷǷݷõȣϾǴľھۺҲŶʮԪʯѣȻµջȴǲŲһյӯѡ
ߣֱûȡ
ҲΪˣԴڳɹ˵һԪʯ켸ǽּʮ֮߰˵֣ǵľׯģٲȻҪľׯӪӪһ㡣
ּҵⷬٶȻҲ˲ֵĿ⣬ľׯ˵ʢľЩӣ඼֪ڽʱ׼ֽţǸׯӣһЩУֵҲǽ࣬ڣּҲδ˶ľׯ˵ԴЩĩõζˡ
ȻЩز²⣬ּȴǱųĬδκεĽԼڱܹüΪܵԵʣҲ޷ּ֪롭
Ȼ֮УȻҲһЩ⡭

׼ҡ
׼һУʮλ׼ҵĺԱУλģ׼ҵļױ˿̵ɫȴͬٵǰһ㣬õˣҲСģҽŭ
ףõϢ׼ȷּҴ˴ǰ׳ǣľĿģȴǷٿԪʯּЩ˵Ҳչֱʣ׼Ҷ޷װ쵽һбּңƾʲôױλãɫص
Ҫ˵ʲôٿԪʯʱױ۽΢΢鴤һ£
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ϲĻּӦľׯ˳ľ֮һԴңԴпܣԪʯ
ϯʯ쾪õ˲ţ˺ðκ󣬷޷ŵؽеôܣľׯǾӪô꣬ɴû˵Ԫʯ
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飡
ױеĲ豭ѳһηۣˮ˳ָ£Ųϵӣڴ˿̿ԵøŤ
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Ȼ˿̣ȼֵߵĿǱǹøּңڴ֮ǰǻΪּҵһһׯӶֻʱֻǻÿЦ
ױӣ˶ʶĳĬҿ˵
ʱ䣬ɳеĶĿȫľׯڵϢҪȷǷӵԪʯ
һױϵȴͬĺһ㣬䳹ǡ
⣬עּҵһһٶǰ׳ǣ֪ͨң
ǣ
ԣ׼ҺķӣæӦһۣҲͲĵ˳֮С
˵˳ٶȼžױɫϣκ󣬷ݵ
죬ȻִּҲͱ׼ĺˣ

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ҪǷΪ֣ԪѧԼող漰ľ
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ھ쳣ֶòţƺȷ棬һЩڲͬ츳
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ӷȡһϸСİֽױĿһɨҲǻһĨ֮ɫ


ʮ կ
䣬ȻͬϴǰɣõϢּһԪʯ»һЩǡľׯУһڣɫصХˣ
Ŷѵ׼Ҫˣô˻ХɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
٣ױϼ޻׳֣ҵ鱨˵˴ζּԪʯģӦǡկЦ
կ
һһԵֶüͷ̲ס壬Բ֮ڣŲٵĵνġկнΪһȺˣֶκ飬Ҿ˵ǡկλңҲӵԪʵ˵еΪ
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һԣֶɫȭͷյø֨죬һΣŪòãּң½Ԫˣ


ʮ 
Ժǽϣϼֶ⻰ʱɫʱЩ԰ּҸֶȥˣľׯֻֿһλԪĸ֣εֵկ
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ЦһͻȻֳϵһ󵶣һǱӶۻԪ֮ϣһâֱľׯš
˵־Ͷֿ֣ҲǲȻŭ˳ȡһǹӶڰУӲ

У𻨱䣬ľ籬˶Ǳ˶ȥ
ʹ죬ֿϣľׯֻһλԪ֣ңȴסˣɷ˳ȥֱ֮ϣЦһٶȺݺһ壬ǿֱӽ϶ȥһ˻УȻء
ãǣ۳ȥ
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ּһɱ
״ֿҲɱӿһȡ
ݣ
ԺǽϣڶּһнĹҲڴ˿˿ȥƿ𣬶Ǻկ˹ȥ±һЩҽ
ѪȵζľׯЩɱڣҪһĺկϼּСվǲ԰֮ɫȻǵһμֳ档
ⳡ棬ֶǳıֵ൱ƽЩʱĥûЧѪʲôģ˵Ҳûʲôųˡ
ЩԽԽĺկϼɵץסֱֶۣʱ򣬷·ǳĹһ㡣
կ˳ǶСһЩ̴Сױһǡֶ
ԣһԵ̴Ҳҧ촽˵ͷֶԪˣټְֵֶؽ̵ѧʵСгֶ֮ǿߡ
ֶɿطԸʱǺկҲ糱ˮӿľׯ֮⣬״ֿɫҲһ֣һƿնæ
٣ֿϣ֣ǳԺǽģȻЦһд󵶱Ԫӿ£ΪâֿϾס
飡
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ɱ
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ֶ
ǵ걳Ӱϼˣʱһ̣ڱסֿϣҲɫ


ʮ 
أ
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ԪԪȷʲô׵£ǾµĿޣͻƵĸоֶȴȻû
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ֶү͡
ӥһּһҲڴ˿̵һ̲סرһֿڣǴû뵽ֽ֣ɷţЩеĸֲ֪ж٣ȻˣȴǰֶУ

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ֶѪּЩҲǴ󾪣æҪǰȴͻȻ֣һǿ͵ֶڱӿ

ͻǿֱֶԪۣúۻԪȻγۿɼԪУнֶƣ˳ͨľԴԴϵعע
һĻõò˶Щ㵣ԺǽϵֿϣҲ˶㶣Ǹֶ֮ܵԪУ̺һ˿֮
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ֶܹ˳ؽ֮ڣܹĽԪʱּңᵮʷΪԪ֣
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ֶĿϲȣɫǼΪѿ˭ҲûϵԭúõϷ棬ȻǻͻȻģ
һеı仯Դͷ·Ǹּ꣡

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ûгνıֶҲĨһѶͷϵ亹ϸز鿴ڵСס
СԭһƤëҲڴ˿̱ԽĻ貣ȥͬȼŻһ㣬ǻצҲ͸Ĺ󣬷צǶأ˺ɱ
ֶĿ⣬СɨһȦͻȻСƨɺǽβϡ
˿̣Ƕصβ̾С׵ıϣͷλãƺһС͹𣬷·ʲôҪưһ㡣
С׵ֱ仯ֶҲȫһͷˮޣ֪࣬Ψһ֪ģС׵ı仯Ӧøղ̷ػйء
ѵӾ޺˵ɣôһֶš
طЩŹ֣˾
ӹͷֶҲ⣬׼С׳ʱСͻȻһط͵͵ĺ
״ֶҲһĿ˳ȥֻ޺󷽵λãƺһƬӵصӿҽ̶ɵʯ˿̣ЩʯĶλãʢһý޵Ļ䣬Χŵ
Ƕ޵ĳ컨䣬ֶͻȻ˿ǺλãȻǷ֣ǰǺͷ­ƺǱŴǳ컨ķ
ޣ컨䡭
һͷĴֶл


ʮ 컨
Ļ䣬Ĵʯҡҷ˵İȻУԵø졣
ֶĿ⣬һǳ޵Ļ䣬ֱⶫºЩ򵥣Ȼ˵ҲǷϻֺܹĵطɳ˵֮
СǶʯ滺߶ţʱʱضǶĻ䷢һͺȴʼղҳȥ
ֶվڻðʯ棬Ŀɵؿ޻䣬ã͵һҧʯʵȥ
ͣ
ֶƣʯϣҲǱϸ΢죬һɹɷԪɿش䵤ӿ󸲸ϣűˡ
ֶֽѸٵǶѾңȻ󷽲ŷ֣ԭ֮һԼԴСĺڶڶ·ֱͨصףһɹ쳣ȵ緢
ԭЩ֮Ǵصġ
һĻֶŻȻȻĿ˺ڶԵǶ޻䡣
Ǹо˵עӣ޻䣬ͻȻҡΧĵƮĵزֶϡ
ЩֶʱľҲǶȻûһּƣĸоӿֶָоͷ·ڵڱǿһ㡣
ֶԽԽǶĳ컨䣬ȴԵĽΡ
ͻΣ£ֶȻһһɲɢؽֶͷԲλĹɢ
ЩɢȥɲǣֶҲǶȻѹ¶֮ɫǰǳ컨䣬Ҳ룬æˡ
׼æ뿪طʱģٶȱһĿ꣬ȻǶ޻䣡
ȿ£޻ҲƵضֶȻĿУֱֱײ֮ϡ
ͣ
޻ײֶĵһһ߱Ѫ̶˲䣬޵Ļ䣬ǻΪһżճĳҺ塣
ųճҺʱֶԺ֮еľǶȻҵĲֱֲõֶ̫ѨϵعĶš
ô£
е𾪸ոӿֶǼճҺ壬ͻȻġ
䣡
ճҺֶģԴҲڴ˿̺κ޷ֻܹоһǿڷɿشͬһͷް㣬ΪسԺ֮С

ĲҽͻȻⰲɽֱֶӴӾһͷ䣬ڵϹţԴڴ˿ͬҪǱһ㣬ʹֶӣǱüŤ
СڵϷֶҲǷĺȴҽӽʱֶĸоڴ˿ֶڣӿһɼǿеΣա
ĲҽУɽŻصţֶϣʶţͬһ㣬ܹоǴԺ֮еľڷɿǹɼǿںţߵںϣǾҲͬ˴߻һ㣬ٵǿš
žļǿ־ʹҲԽԽǿңǰȥֶԺȻᱻǼǿľ𱬣
в£ֶҲһЩ岻ϵزţѹ޷ܵľʹвϵŽİ취
ҲֶС͵ļԸ񣬲ȻˣǱ־ʹĥ÷˹ȥĻܱѵԾȰ취
ֶĿ⣬˸ţͻȻһھл
֮֮ʼ
ھȻǡƪ˿̵ֶҲˮץסһһ㣬Ҳ룬̱šƪĿھ
׳λҴʦֶġƪ㣬ֶ⼸£Ҳ˳ؽһɹǺĽչǼһЩ
ջĽչڴ˿̣ȴǱȻ٣ſھֶܹظоԺַǵľǿʼ𽥵ر
ֶ壬Ҳڴ˿ֹͣڵȶƪĿھԺ֮š
ζǿľֶԺкХţȱǵľ£ƪ㣬Ƕ̶ʱ䣬ֶһִݿٶϡ
λҴʦ̶ֶ֪ʱ䣬ƪڶĻ֪Ǿʲôģ
ֶƪ˳ɹʱоԺ֮У·ʲôһ㣬ţԺеľʼٵضͷλñӿȥ
蹬ϣ
һĻֶͷȴ΢΢һ𣬴ƪһЩעףҪһҪ蹬
νͷоŹӦ죬мһν֮裡
ңͬԪһ㣡
ͬˮӿ蹬֮Уһ˿ӿ־ʹĸоʱɢֶյ˫ۣҲڴ˿̶Ȼ
˫һХǲֶƵĴгХʱһǿξҲȻ蹬֮ڣӿ
䣡
޴ɽڴ˿̲һһβֶΪģ˷ɢǵϣһɳˣҲǳʻΰɢݺݵײɽϣɽһ

ֶдżٵĺȻ̧ͷɵƻУҲӿŨŨ֮ɫ


ʮ ǵľ
Ǿô
һƬǽɽֶҲ̲סβס֮⣬ƻԸԪڵĸˡ
ǸĻ便ʲô
عֶǰּľʹɫ̲סز԰һЩܹоľ֮ǰǿֱֹ仯Ӧñǳ컨ġ
ھֶֻһ⺺ȴûϵյΪǳľȴǳΪǿĶ
ȻûľǿֵزֶȴһĪģʹþ˽ֵĻԪڵĸ֣˿ľ¡
ƺԪҪӵһЩֶͷ˵ƪͶȡɵԵʣĸоûнⷬҲӦܹδİУ׵ĽɣֽչԪǿࡣ
ȻȻֶԼΪ⻰õλҴʦ֪Ļ˵ͻһѪƪǰ㣬ǿʱ䣬˭Ҹ˵Ԫţ
˦˦ɲŵʹԴֶӵĿͻȻƳƲƣղǷʣȻǲѪеʯң֪ΪΣһصĸоղǹɳ컨۶Ųٵһ֣Ǳʯˡ
ԼյЩֻǳ컨һ֣ҲҺֻһ֣ȫĻֶţڵԴӦѾǱһѪ
ָػģֶüͷ壬ʯԽԽˣǲ֪ʲô
գ
ֶü䣬ͨɽѷУͻȻʯ󼸵ӰǼæĳ˽ǿɽеֶʱصһ
үү
ǼˣֶҲһ㶣æеǳɽļˣ죬Хˡ
СӣҲ̫֪ߵغˣʲôطҴ
켸˷ɿֶԣĿ⾯ɨɨȻͳ
ԴˣֶֻܸЦһ
ڼֶûºҲǷɽлţһҲӿ˾֮ɫ
Ũ֮
켸һȵĿһϲȻüͷϧ̫ˣڣȻĻһѵأ
Ҳ¶ʧ֮ɫ֮ؼ֪֮ͨǿ϶٣ܹȻյĻ˵ܹõפʮʵٶͻơ
ڵ죬Ԫڵʵٽһ㽫̤ԪǶּ˵Ǿ춯ذĴ¡
ʧɫХҲ̾һܹ̤ԪĻĪ˵򣬾׳ǣּңҲǽӵһϯ֮أʱ򣬼л֣Ҳ޷ٶʲôв
ƵһӾǳĬ켸ˣֶȴ¶֮ɫһɢʱΧЩ֮ġ
Щֶ֮ûֱڣǹעʯ֮ڣǿֶ·Ҳܹ𽥵ʯһ˵
ڸʲô
Χ֮ӿҲХע⣬ɫǾ
ХĺҲǻعֶȻ֮ɫҲǴ䡣
ҪģӦ֮ɣ
Ǳɫ£ֶȴ΢΢һЦ̧ƣֻһԵ壬ϡ
ֶϵŵ壬ȴܹоֶϵ壬ɽ֮ң˿֮ڵĿӣǾɢ
Ҳ˵֮գ
⡭
˶ĿɿڴһĻƬ̺󷽲Żع˫ּæץסֶ˫۶ǲӣô쵽ģ
ݲʧ̬Ͼⶫ¹ܷ̤ԪⲻǶּ˵ǼΪҪ¡
ǰ֮ڣȻתһȦЩӣԶɢ˰ֶȻǲὫʯ˵Ҳգգ۾Щ޹ص
⻰켸Ҳһôܣ
ףѵЩ⣿ܹԶЩкĶХüͷ
Ҳüͷ˵ĻҲ̫һɣ֮⣬ƺҲ벻ʲôĴ𰸣ֻܵ˵ͷ
Ǻǣףʲôԭ򣬲Ǻ¡ֿһϲЦ
үүԺҪҾȰЩ֮ڴһ飬ȻٴҲܹ˰ɣֶͷ
ܣܣ
ԣһ飬ĴúŻعЩεһȻʧЦХˣյϣǱˡ
ʧЦХˣֶҲǷһĨЦ⣬УܹʱͻƵԪˣˣֶҲһӵһλԪĸ֣ǽӵźַ츲صı仯
浽ʱּңҲٵνлң


ʮ ·
һƬľɽϣֶزһ˿˿ԪϵӿԴԴϵعֶ֮С
ֶǰʮöɫԪÿԼСʱңֶͱǻ΢΢ſһöҩԶӽС
ÿһεҩ壬ǻֶͷ𵭵İУơ
ȾСʱңֶǽյ˫ۣŻһŰ˳ĺϢ¶ͬʱڲȻǴһּΪͳ֮ǹอ
Ԫڡ
ǵʱǴֶɢԪҲǶȻǿ࣬ǣһĨЦݣٴξµǳɹ̤Ԫڵĵز
ˮɰĽ룬ֶе⣬֮ǰЩŬʱ䣬ÿһ죬ҪʮöҵԪԼȻЩԪȫԼʹʯ
һʮöԪԪʯĻǾһһٿ飬ģݳޣĪ˵򣬾Ƿ׳ǣҲûӵۺ
ݳ޵Ļӻǻ޷нԪڵĻҲ̫˵ȥһ㣬ȻֶֻԼΪ
꣡
ϣֶҲվּ䴵һڣһӰӱâķɿ̶֮ܳ䣬С׵Ȼû̫ı仯ɢֵϢȴХԪĸ֣Ǹеһ˿ΣϢ˵ڵСףޡ
־޴ı仯ֶ֪Ӧ̷ǻйϵڼС׳˳ɳԽԽ֮⣬ûԾĵطҲǷеĵġ
ֶСϵůĻëȻżһʯ棬αȶɽȥٶȣ˵Ŀ졣
Ǵʱϸ鿴Ļǻֶ֣ᷢĽƣȻŰ֮Զ
ǲܣƮ
ģͷ·ʲôԸһ㣡
εԸȻֶľԴǰΪ컨¾ǺڵҲǷ˲پãңھĿƣҲ𽥵ԵõӦ
Ͼ˽̵ԶھʹãֶҲֻͣһΪǳĵزȻ֪ǽܹ׵ĽʩչȻἫΪǿᣬʦ̵Ҳֻ𲽵ţ⵹õЩͷۡ
һһ޷ɿɽ壬ȻɽµĿ֮ڣ˳ѷƬ̣ǽ˵ֵƬ֮ء
Դֶչֳܹɽֿ񱩵֮ÿʱ䣬ֶǻһЩ֮Ȼڡ
ˣʱ䣬켸ȫǴڱչ״̬ÿյֶľ֮ǻ̱չýЩ֮պ󣬷ųأٶȽգչأѭ
ֶ߽ɽʱȻǼƬʯϣЦЦҲ˵ϻԾ£ƶ޵Ŀһ֮룬ƣǵ챳һѨԴԴϵؽϵ֮ڡ
һעһСʱ

Ǵڴ𽥼ֶҲһ΢ЩƣֻɲɣǵĻҲ޷
ˡ
Ҳǻ˫ۣ˫֮ڣɫͬĹʣԵø죬ƫͷֶЩƣӣҲǲɵ̾һ
ֶ΢΢һЦүүжܹͻƣ
ٸʱ䣬ܹһԣоâӿ
ֶ˵ͷԪֹʮ֮꣬ľ֮ͻƣҲֻҪһѡ

򣬽׷ᡣ
ֶĽֵϣĵЩ̣쳤ʱչصԵʣľׯ飬ǽֿڹХǹּϵЩҵֶôڸոͻƵԪڵԵʣγҲǷŻһЩҲǸ˹æ
Ȼ˵ǰæʵҲʲôԺܿıǿڵٶȥ½׻䣬ֵˡ
ᳵ·תֵֶǬȡңԴڣ߽һ⽻׷Уǽϴһ½
ǰҲﻻȡҩֶҲǱȽϵϤ߽ȣһȴδЩ׷ֱͣһգǰҰʱһռСĵ·С
ⷻУҲŲˣ˶ǴŶңõ޷Էò·ȣȷҪӵıܣ˵Ĵ󲿷ֶЩù⣬ҲΪˣƷʷҪһЩ
ֶ֮ⷻУĿⲻϵΧЩ̯λɨ˵ŲٵҩδƷƷµҩڵֶ˵û̫ãƷϵô˵ЧᳬԪȴΪϡ٣ֶĿģҲϣܹѰƷҩ
һ·߹Ʒҩ٣ȴûһƷҩֶҲż·ύĴƷҩ˵ϡҲûĵز
뷨ֶ𽥵뵽˷ȻĽŲҲͻȻͣ£Ŀ⿴̯λ˿̣ʯ̨ϣڷĿƷֶߣһطľɫϡ
ľ龥Ʒҩ
һƷҩֶҲһǰȥƸƷҩȥԺ蹬֮еľͻȻϸ΢һ¡
񶯣Ȼϸ΢ȻǱֶüͷĿⲻźۼضǰƹĵط۽⣬̯λеһ鲼̦Ĺľ֮ϡ


ڰʮ Ϯ
ľ֮ϣ̦䣬ֶƺܹһЩģģ򣬿ЩģǾԭɡ
ֶĿ⣬ڹľ֮ϴҴһƳջأָƷҩľ龥̯λһλˣټ۸񣿡
ԣҲǴŶҵĺˣ΢΢̧̧ң̲صһٿԪʯ
˵ɣֶü
̯̯֣ٶ˵ǸɴģֶЩЩңôиô
ⶫʲôֶָǲ̦Ĺľʵ
˵ص
һֱףֶҲһЦⶫľ龥һٿԪʯΣ
һʮ顣
ⶫʲô֪ȻҲҪʮԪʯֶüͷһ壬
֪ʲôͲʮԪʯܹˣģӦǸʦйصĶҪûʦĴڣһ治òصҪ򣬲Ҳǿ
ֶٶôԵ㱦û뵽ЩҸթ
̯λǰһᣬֶֻε̾һǬȡʮöԪ׸ˡ
ǺǣˬһѽסʮöԪǺ˵УŶһ־ϲЦеص
ֶһۣҲøһץľ龥ǹľȻǬУתͷߡ
ʱ䣬ֶ·˸飬ҲֻյһƷҩѣ֮£Ҳֻܷת½
˽ֶȻǽĺҹ˹䣬û˵Ľ佫ȡ£ĻеǬʩʩȻתŽ׷ڲȥ
̵Ĳֶ߹ֵڲ֪䣬ΧЩҲȻļ
ֶٶתһֵ߶ĽŲȴͻȻֹͣϹŵ֮ɫҲǻɢ
Ϊֵ֣Ȼǿһˣ
׷ĵطһֵϣôܻ˿յңɻļǵãһ֣˿Ҳٵġ
ݣ
ֶŲͣµһһ쳣ƷȻһʸԷıĻȣֱֶָҪ
ͻϮҲõֶɫ΢䣬æתͷǼʸǽǰ޿ܡ
ͷֶȴδʧ룬һһ񲨶蹬бӿ
ˣ
ʸֶǰ紦Ŀļͷһ㴫ȻǱͿ˾綾ǱеĻµ͵ñ
ɱң
ͷֶζȻˣǰļʸҲأֶʱΧʱƬƷһʸͬضֶݺȥ
ֶɫأǿԪӿҲӶЩʸĹ켣ֱ䣬Ǿܶȥ
ͣ
ʸݺݵڵϣаָβٵضţ˵졣
ͣ
ֶαˣҲźâӿֱһ˦ʮâбܵķ֮ϣ±ŵͳ֮ʮֳֳӰӷ֮Ϲ¡
׼ҵˣ
һЩϵķΣֶɫҲ΢䣬û뵽׼ҾȻɺֵز
žž
ֶɫʱͻȻŰֶתͷֻλӣЦеվڲԶ

ֶߵʱüͷһ壬Ȼ֪׼ҵλ൱͵ļһֻû뵽ȻԳ֣ңߵˣȻҲ׼ҵĸֶ֣ĸӦ˵ʵ¶ﵽԪڡ
Ǻǣ治ּҵţһʱ䣬ɱ׼ʮ֣ѹָָҪɱˡֶü䣬ȴЦЦֻЦУ͸ŨŨֶķҲǴԤϡ
ٺ٣׼һǲҪҪƤԸһСȻộҪǴ˳ȥ׼¶öˡֶЦ
ģϢǲᴫȥġ̯̯֣ĮȻ
׼ּ˺ƤˣֶĿ⣬ͬЩ׼Ҵ˾٣ҪּҶ˰
ڣּұΪɥ֮ȮʱǣҲȥġһѣ¶ɭ׵ݣɭЦ
ֻ֮ǰȽСʰˣ

ֶһ³̧ͷ͸һ˿ϣҲӿһĨɭȻһ̤棬˱ȥ
ɱңƾˣûʸ񣡡


ڰʮһ ɱ
֪ߵغļһ
ֶȻҲǸһĨЦ˵ֶɷܹ飬Ȼǲܻϣ
һǿԪȻڱӿӹһĨȻһȭȻľ磬ŵͳ֮
һ֣ɱУȻǴٶȽֶУ
ȭͷֶ֮ͫмٷŴһȻ̽һȭͷָһץץס⴦ݺһ͵ֱӽ島ǰ
ǰ˲䣬ֶҲӹһĨ׹⣬ϥȻ϶ݺݵײĲֶΣҲ൱ĺ
ֶĹƣѸͣˣһɲǻ˻񣬲ţǻع˫Ƽæֶײϥǡ
飡
˫صֶϥϣһ־ʹ̴ϴָоͬĵ˸֮һ㣬ҲѸסΣһȺݺݵضֶԴ˦ȥ
ֶɫƽȭͷ֮ϣԪӿʵʵӲ֮ϣ
ˣ
ȭӣһǿ͵ľɢֶһȴǽŲĵ˺ϱӿһɾ֮ɫԪ
Ȼ֮ɫֶɫƽȴеϧǰٿһЩĻܹȡ֮ǰĲϡ
̣һ֣ɱ
𺧲ѵǰ꣬ͷͬ˾κˣ˵˵ֶ˺կɷȴһֱΪӦֶŰֵԵʣδֶҲ̤ԪϾһʮԪʵ̫˸еһ㡣
зκʱҲ͵һȣֶչֳʵԽǿеɱҲԽŨٸ߼ĳɳʱ䣬׼ң˭Ķ֣
һЩĴ󺺣Ҳɫصص˵ͷ˫һգۻԪĵ졣
飡
˼ͬʱһһңպó֮ƣֶΧҾḻԪֶ֣ɫҲǱü
ʮ룬գ۱ĹƣҲ̼佫ֶ
飡
ֶɫ˫ָ£ۻԪ˫ָϼٵţÿһָĵǻؽǰһ˵ĹˣֶԪڵʵ¹еκһˣ
ӰͬĽһۻԪײ䣬ͳ졣
˽ֵԽң˵ɫȴ𽥵ЩѿֶչֳʵԼս飬õǴм֣ҪģֶƺһЩǿѧÿһε˫ֽӡʱǶòջơ
̣
ĳһ̣Ȼȳͬʱ䣬ȭ֮ϣǱΪ貵Ԫת˲䣬Щ۳һ۹ţͷƤд
ɱ׼ҵƷѧֶԻʱǼԷʩչһ֣ȷΪǿ
ʩչɱʱ̵ȭͷϣҲǱ貵Ĺȭͷͬʱһǰһĺݺݺͬ㣬ֱֶͷ­
һֶжһǿҵΣ֮УĿ⼱ٵ˸ţͣһ˲ȻȻתͷһɾֱǺݺݵײԴ
ͻľֱõú׼Ժдһʹȭͷ֮ϵ磬Ҳ˲
ŴʱֶȷʵΪĴܽĻУһɾ񲨶ɿ촫һâʱӲԶ۵һǺݺݵز̺֮ϡ
仯ֱڵʯ֮䣬ԭոմΣ״ֶ̬ȴɲǼΣһԹֶΣ̣
̣
ӿѪĭͫҲһɫÿ£Ԫţݺݵֶġ
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Щ˲صּһֶ촽ŵ㺮ӿĿƣлǫϣлңǱΪ飬ֶҲͬıӡ
٣ﶼô˵Сǲ֪˵лǫЩǸڼôһδɵ궼˶ʱɫҲһЦ
˸ģȻ㶼Ҫˣֺαں
ֶҡҡͷΧɨлҴ˴ɳ˵ǲ٣ֻлǫһλԪڵĸ֣ΪѾ㹻˰ɡ
С㻹Ϊ˵ʵ㹻ǰô٣ֻҪץһЩҾѣȻԶҾЦˣлǫɭһЦȻһ֡
ݣ
лǫֱۻ£ΧУʱźⱩƷֶˡ
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״ֶͷһһâֱǽУЩʸȻݺݵ֮У±һЩҽ
СӹȻóеĲҽлǫüͷ΢΢һ壬ٶЦ˴˲֣治ţֶܹƤ£˳ؽ˸ߡ
ɱ
лǫһ䣬ǻлٶȽ¶׹ضֶ˳ɱȥ
Сģ
Ƶлɫ԰׵ҲǼæѡ
壬˱ǻľׯ˻Э㣬Ϻ󣡡ֶһ
ֶȻҪһ˵ϺҲɫһ䡣
ҲǼ
ģֶүµġһλֶľׯĻæס
ãֶүСģ
λּһнΪ侲˶˵ҲһĨɫҲٶ˵κηϻֱӵͷЩżˣɿضгȥ
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ֳֶһӳֱǳл֮УӶÿһεĻǻһѪۡ
飡
ֶĳȣСȻӵĽԣӴײ䣬Ǳײߣ޲ֱݣѪ磬ĻצԼѪ⡣
һһޣֱӱؽлеǯֱ֮ʬҰ
ڼлȻ֮ʱлǫҲͲסһŭȣͬӥһֶһ󵶣ѹȾ磬ݺݵֶԴ

˵Χž֮˵ľٶǻֶᷴԺУˣлǫͻȻŭʱֶ˲бϣΪ׼ĵǵ֮ϣԪײһǿ͵ľɢΧʮֱǱˡ
ӲƴһǣֶŲɵ˺лǫҲڰһתµ棬ȻٶȳֲסֶǰƮȺÿһһѪ
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ֶͲ潻֣ǾܵĻɱлҺ֣лǫҲɫ࣬ٶȼ׷ȥȻôȫ׷ϣֶΣǻͬһ㣬ҵĳУȴˮӰЩлǱӴܡ
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ЩлӴʱЩУٶĵâΪĶ˵ĺ
һһ޵ɱ¾£̶ʮӵʱ䣬лҵ˴룬лǫףԪڵʵסֶȴ쳣թÿһε׷ʱֶǻЩ׾ٵıǽ˦˿ȥ
꣡
ٶȻľһᣬֶʱ䣬˿̵Ӧһȫľ룬дһһ棬αƮɶˣֱͶУСҲ̻ΪһӰӣȥЩлľؿصʬ壬ǲ׷ȥ
׷
лǫɫ⻹һ˳Ա񣬶һһУʲҲһȣʿ䣬Ѹٳֶ֣׷˹ȥ
ոճ֣лǫǼһӰӶԶȥâѸٸϡ
ȻлǫոմһƬʱһ⣬ͻȻԤ׵ı̶лǫæִӭ

֮ϣۻԪ籡лǫŵƶǱЩ飬θϽƮɶˣҧгݵصø黫С
ڣףֶȻû̳ˣﰵһѣǰӳһĻڵлǫٲҪֲơ
лˣ´Ͳôõˡ
лǫμʱֶҲԴӳǰЦһת֣һӰ֮ϣѸʧлǫҰС
СҪʬΣ
ֶԶȥӰлǫɫ࣬ŭлصš


ڰʮ ͻ
ӰһŻп񱼶ڻϵֶú󷽴ǱŭȴǲɵЦһ
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ֶүˣ
ۼ⣬һӱǼǷɱĻӰӣҲӿһĨϲе
ҲæĿͶȥڼ갲Ȼصһ
壬߰ɡ
СͬһĳСɽֽǲѪЦ
Ŀֶɨɨ˿̵ĺϣŲٵѪµСףѪиǻѪ⣬ģȻǾһΪҵĴսõľǣǾȴսֶƺȻûпӡ
ֶүлҵأСʵ
һɣлǫӦò׷ˡֶص
ԣ̲סض˶ΪʲôЩ˵ģԭλּСүʵǴﵽһ൱ǿĵز
Ȼܹﵽ˵زеǲ˼飬ܿҲǽʵܹлǫƤ£ɱһл˵ֶʵ֮ǿǿлǫҲǶ޿κΡ
ûˣľׯɡֶЦЦ
⺢ӡֶѪģȴ۵۾Щ죬һùëϵزš
ֶѪȻ󷽲һ֣ɿضľׯȥԼСʱҺľׯǳߵľͷ
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ХЩŵĿ⣬ֶЦҡҡͷ
Х£ХҲһ
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ţʱ䣬һȫעлҵһһ
ֿҲǵ˵ͷȻٶȽׯţȫׯ䱸״̬ҾׯϢ

ڽеļҾ춼ǳľׯּұѡ˽ׯӣûлйκεĽӴ
ּҵٶлҾҲѡͬĳĬûͬһЩϳ֣еһĻǿЩĪϾ˭ּ֪׼ͬˮ𣬶׼ҵӣ϶ǲˡ
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Щһڸʲôֶ૵лѰּΪжд̣ԲܻôϢģȻ˵Ļǣпʲô
Ҫּңɻûôס
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֪ľܷԪǿս
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Ϊ뷨һ£ֶԪǿߣɲҵģҪдһ£ûᡣ
տûʲôˡ
ʯվֶĿԶһ£һЦһׯȻθնһĸ֪ȴõͣĿȻתľׯһңһǿ˸еϢԪȻӿ
ǿԪ
ľׯİγɵһƬԪУֶҲ̲סһӿϿϲ֮ɫ죬˳ͻˣ


ڰʮ ̽
ۿɼԪУһƬҵϿգȥԵøģ־ۣˣ¶ǵһۿ
ԪУһϴС磬·һͷֱǲǾ֮С
𺳵һĻȻ̼ȫׯ𶯣¼˶ܳӣĿ⾪žҰյԪС
ǡ
ХҲڵһʱ䣬ڿԪʱһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
׳ɹˣ
ϲ˵ӣʱ䣬˵Ĺڵȴͻƣңһ죬ˣ
ԺҲõлˡֿɫǺ죬˷ܵ૵
һԣХҲصص˵ͷһ壬ӵԪǿߣʵ÷ԾݣʱĪ˵򣬾׳֮УּҶܹһЩλϾ׳еЩҲȫӵԪǿߣ
ȽлҽּұܹԴΪݵ㣬פ׳ǣƣõּҼӿ췢չХЦ
š
ֿҲΪͬ׳Ǿ춼سǣܹȹ̷չּҵҲͻǡ
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Х˴һЩε̸ʱǾҰյԪУͻȻҵض˶ǻΪһۿɼԪ
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ԪлΪһӰȻ֮бӶȻȻֱգ죬һĴָСĹ㣬
ǹһ֣Ԫͬܵǣһ㣬ɿػ۶ȥ̶ʱ䣬еԪûǿȥ۵СС֮С
һԪӿ㣬ǹĹҲǱԽâɢȥΪһöĴָСĴɫ衣
Ԫô
ֶĿССİɫϣ֮УܵһɼΪǿԪֲԪڣֱǲ֪ǿ˶٣
⣬ԪǿߵԱ־Ԫ
ֶ˫΢УƾųɫľöԪϣĵΪϸСģ
Ԫ
һĻֶҲӹһĨ죬Ԫ۶ɵʱ򣬵ԪԪյɷ֮֮ҪԱǳ׵չ˳
ͬȼԪŲͬƷʣȡƷʵҪԪأɷ
ԪƷʣž֣֮ոճεԪԪʵͣϾյɷֻؼΪͨһ֣ʱ˴е֮ĻԪƷʣֻܴﵽǵĵز
ڣܹԪؾ챾ˣǸеĲ뾪ϲ
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壬ڴϣû˿ĶȴһصӶ¼䣬Ԫӿ
Ԫһϣң
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֪ľܷԪǿֶ߽֣죬۾һתͻȻܽУԣľǴﵽһ
ϣӸµĸľׯ־Ͷ֮ǰǿʮǲϵϣҲǸһĨЦݡ
׼ңּô꣬ҲǸծˣ˫ָĿңķ
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飡
ȭͷصغǿյİУţȻǱһͳ죬ǹۻԪͬܵʲôεһ㣬ײ֮ɢȥ
飡
βϺˣһ쳣ۻԪХϵغڰϡ
·Хˣ˿ҲǻعɫǴ䣬ľׯУȻ˿µĵˣ
䣬ׯХɫȵ
ХЩҲǼæɢѰκεĿ֮ˡ
ӦǾ³ֵģһλʦֿɫѿ첻ϵضԿտ䣬
ԣХ۽Ҳ̲סس˳飬ּңʲôʱֶͷѵ׼ô
䣡
УڴʮȭҲ˵棬ĿصŰգڲضǿľδٶȱʱһǰĽԷпһλһӡӡʦǶԷʵȫΪĻ˭ʤ˭䣬˵¡
λѣ֪Ǻηˣּʲôĵط뾡˵ϷǸµ棬챧ȭ
˵ǰǾڲϵعȴܹоƺûº֣ӦҲǶּʲôޡ
ڰۻɢȴûʲôش𣬶ǰǺХʵǿᾫҲڴ˿ɢΣ·δڹһ㡣
ûʲôشҲֻ̾һüҡҡͷ
˶ЩʱǺɽһŴϵ꣬ͻȻ˫ۣ˵ɫ΢е԰ףУȴǳſ뼤
ֶδ뵽һֱչüΪ˳ľȻܹǿᵽֵز


ھʮ СԪ
ףô£
찲ȻأХҲǸæӿ˹
֪üҡҡͷǰֵģӦһһӡﵽ˶ӡķʦ
ԣԤϣХɫȻ̲סر˱䣬ǵصѵ׼ĸ֣
Ĭһ£ӦòǣǰǾ˵ǿᣬȴδƣһ̽׼ĻӦˡ
ѵľׯŸأХص
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Х̸䣬һĻӰҲǷɿشׯֶżһ㻢Ծǰϲүүɹˣ
ǺǣǰܹԪСһֶϵЦº࣬Цŵ˵ͷ
ԺּңҲ˵һλԪǿˡֶҲЩ˷ܣͬһԪǿߣּ˵ӵźεȵ
㲻ʲôԪǿ߰ɣֻСԪˡЦŰ˰֣
СԪֶһ㶡
Ԫ׼ȷ˵ΣһָոսģΪСԪڶɹСԪ֮󣬻ԪСԲԲΡЦԪ˵ԵЩңԶЩȽϸ߲εĵȼֶ֣֪֮Ҳ
ֶЩȻȻûϵνԪȻҲϸµĻ֡
Ԫ棬ʲôֶص
˵һôһ;컯ת棬ǰǵΡ
΢΢һЦǵԪԪյ̩ΪԪ֮󣬱ν컯
컯
ξ컯ͳΪ컯˵ʱȻһЩη֮ɫ˵̤СԪף컯żΪңԶľ롣
ܹ컯ǱܹΪĶǿߣ嵱峤컯ǿߣǵֶΣͨ쳹ء̾
һη֮ɫ죬ֶ죬ͻȻеͷЩȣĿ꣬ɲֻǼ򵥵Ԫ
컯Ǳ㲻ܹ֪ĸˡ
ֶĬĬص˵ͷһεļС
Ǻǣ׵ǫˣ˵ֻСԪϾǿһżǷ׳ǣҲǲˡһԵХˣЦŵ
ЦЦȻΣ
˻ХϵЦݵǼһЩһ£лҶּҼҾֵ£ԼлֵĶ̬˵˳
ߣ׼ҹȻǰּΪжд˰Х˵ɫҲЩ
Х˵ͷּ̣׼ȻҲǶǲ̫ðٱ湦úãԴľׯּҵõ￪Ԫʯ֮׼ұǳ׵׵ĽΪ˵ˣлĻǿǻ᳹׵׵ּҼ
ףǽô죿ֿϵʵǳɹ̤СԪ򣬿ƥУҲεл֡
ϼӴ̽лҵһһ⣬ϵݣʱǳֵĻǺá¶֮ɫ
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ʿˣҲһЦкӿ
ױҪּҼҾƫ⣡

Դ˳СԪľׯķҲ΢ɻһ㣬ּҲٹأһЩ̽ӣٶɻ򣬴̽лҵľٶ
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ԥڵõѳɹСԪϢ͸¶ʱɢ֮£谭ҲʱСԪӵźεȵ塣
˫֮Ǣ̸ϵĵڶ죬һлҵȴľׯ
лңϢҺ˶


ھʮһ 
֮Уһʺɫİ֮ϣּҵĺķӣڴ˴ĿĨɫ
лҾڸʲôʱ򣬾ȻһǹôХüͷ
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ָصϣĿ΢ЩƬ̺󣬵ȥʱٹû壬˷֮£˳ĻҲּҵһᡣ
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ܹôǰչֳּҵʵպּĵλҲǽ˸ơ
ʱ䣬лҼְּңҲǻĿʼȡж
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ţ
ô˻Х˶صص˵ͷӿϻȣô꣬ǲƽô

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ȻһЩ֮ȴܹо֮ڲصİлٰ磬²̫ƽ

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ϲĹ׼ׯ԰֮⣬ĸﲻصЦͣ
ΪΪۺ׼ңٰĻ磬ȷЩɡ
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ڶУͻȻӭʹʺȳֵĴ֮⣬Ϊ֮˾ȻһĿ৵ת󷽣ֻǲԶ¡¡ϰƥХǰһһ£׼Ҵ֮ͣ£ǰ·Ƕһ룬Ƽ㡣
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˵лҿּҺǲ˳۰û뵽ּһٺ٣кϷˡ
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˵Ŀּɨ˽صһЩּҲǳŲǰкл֣ʵԽԽǿԣּҺǡ
Щʹļһ쵹ûô⣬ɫƽ
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һ˵ıӰ촽УȴɭӿýԼ૵չҪּң׼ҽ£


ھʮ лҵĴ
׼ҴԺУһͬ㳡Ĵ˿̵Ĵڣ쳣ﲻʾ˴ϲ
һ˾ֱ߽ڣȻڶĿУԼѰһƬλãȻȻ¡
УĿⶼּɨţȴûǰклּңȴǵĶͷʱ˭ǽãǱǵлңǿ൱ġ
ҲΪˣֱǵּһƬλãÿյ˲٣˶ĽǱܿ
쵹Ե൱ĵȻûие̫⡣
ʱƣ֮ҲԽԽ֣֮ڵڶ½½ĵȻϯ
ЩУһЩͬӵŲʵ˵ּұȻһЩ࣬ĻҲһǿ˭ҲС
ڳ˴󲻾ãſڴǴһЩɧңȻһǾֱ߽
Ҳˡ
Ⱥһ˽ҲǴ˳
ЩֶҲƫͷȻǼ޳ǵϤӰ޳жʱûмơ
޳ڽĿһɨǶּڵλãż̵ϣҲǣһĨе˵ЦݣȻǴһЩ㵵ĿУּͣǰ
үӣӹȻӲʰ޳Ƕ칰˹֣ǶĿ⣬ںɨɨͷ΢΢һݣӺϣȷǸоһ޵ѹȸУָоǰûйģּ˵ȷʵڵ죬ѾɹͻƵСԪ
Ǻǣ޹ҲǲҲЦ
޳Ц̸ʱҲǴսֶĿںϴ˺Ƭ̣ŵ٣˵ƺ׼ҵ̸һĨӵĶ
ֶһЦֻص˵ͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣֶͷƲͷŰۣڵһμΪŴﵽԪڵĵزԭΪٶѾǲû뵽ڵֶܹɱԪĸ֡
ǸƵģֶҲЦЦȻǳ⡣
һԵ޳Ц̸һ󣬱Ÿ̸ֶһԵĿϯ
޳ǵϯ󣬴еҲǼһЩ󣬴ŴһһźڻɫױЦݵĴлҴ߽
ò˵ױȷǾ߱һЩڼ󣬲æ˵ֹصĻ
£ױȻǼΪ⣬ϵƣͬջһŶ
ױлǫԼҵһЩķӣҲŻЦݡ
ֶĿ⣬ױһʱ˺ϣüͷ̲ס΢΢һ壬֪ΪΣǸоڵױƺǰһЩͬĵط
ֶΪ˶üʱױлǫҲǴּڵϯλһʱ䣬ٶȾһ£еĿ⣬ߡ
ݶĿעϣ·ûпױһ㣬ҲûκҪصļ
ˣХˣȻҲĿбӣ·ڴ˿̱Ϲӡ
һĻױϵЦԱ䵭һ㣬лҵЩˣҲ¶âɲǼǱеŹ
ֹŹգûгãױƳһֱۣӴ˲ûͬԤϵģֱӱͻ
˫ѡӣвжź̾һּҾȻ˲лӵľٶҲǸеΪĲ죬ϾּҵʵұŲСĲడ
ױڴϯλ£ȻЦлҴϲӣɸλױڴ˵лһ˵ϲ죬ϻҲͲ˵ȿʼٰɡ
ֶһǷνĴ飬ûʲôȤֻҪ֪лҸôųҪʲôֻǹĻɷˡ
Щ裬ԵúģΪαǵԼлӯӯǰչذݳȻڸԳĴ£ڳӦŸ͡
˵лڳģһЩ򸽽ͷˣСĻʵ᲻ʲôȤԲ˶ǱԹۣǶף˴˴ģлҿɲֻΪⳡ硣
ֿ֣ʵЩŹֵ£лӯӯҲ˳£ǣеĿ⣬޵ͶЦݵױ
Ҳ֪ԼٶȳΪĿĽ㣬ױһЦеһһȻսλ˴һлϲ죬ôͬλһ¡
ϷˡĵüҪ˯ŵֶô˻һ
Ǻǣ֪үӣʲôУһ˸͵Ц
Բ֮ڣСС٣˵䲻Ļϲ̨棬Ҫ̨棬ǱǱ׳Ƿչ׳ǵظλӦأͬƧһ㡣
׳ˮȻۺ죬Ҫһеĵκһ޷쵽ԣ׼лҾ飬齨һСˣ˴νʵҪλˣ̴ױЦص
ױЦ£Ҳ𽥵رð˵üͷȴǻô붼벻׼лңȻ齨һνˣڻҲȥ
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ϼһűˡ
ֶҡҡͷֹһл˵һЩԶԶûﵽһӦĵزȲνˣܷıô棬ڳЩͷԣ˭⣬ҵ
ԣ飬ȻЩлңûʸЩ˵ӡ
ȻҲֶϣױº󲻾ãһӰվ
ү־Զ󣬷ҵȿɱȣҲֻԼһĶֵذˣ׳ˮ㣬ȴûǱȥԣԣ֮£հɣǡ˵꣬һȺ˱תȥ
λ֮ԲԸֻǾ׼һûǵʸλѡ
뿪ȺˣױȴǵһЦȻ󻺻վһɼǿԪȻڱӿ̼䣬ǵȾ޴ѹõòɫǺ
Ԫ
ǵǿѹȣ̱һʧУǰЩ׼ת뿪ˣŲҲǽӲ
һԪڵױ޷õǸеη⻻ԪĻȴǲһ
ԪԲܹﵽһĻҲױһˣ
ϷȻҿڣôȻһЩţôλڿ׼ңʵˣӣױЦ
һΣٿڷɫòױΪҫϵĻл·ִԲ򣬿ҲؽΪ׼ҵĵˡ
һԪǿߣõڳ˸е¡
вԸģϷҲǿ󣬾߱ǡ
ױ˻˶ȴ治Ҿôͷȥһʱ䣬ձЩӲΡ
һĻױҲӿһĨЦݣԪ壬Ȼͬ졣
Ȼ׼ȴԸּҾͲˣǡ
ȻеЦݲδãһƽ֮»̣ţɭĿ⣬վּϡ


ھʮ Ŵʦ
ϯλվּһˣ˶ЩȻȻûϵּ֪ױѳɹ̤Ԫ󣬾Ȼ˵ĲԷӡ
˵ڳĲǲνˣױǿʵԶû˸׵ȥǳͷ񣬱Ͼͷ񣬱Ȼ׼ԼױķŭӶ
Ǳߣ޳ͬΪױչ¶ʵЩɫڵ̬ǳһ£ȻݺݵһҧҲվֵҿҲ޴˵Ը
Ȼķչе޳ǵϣͬģɲõཨĿݣΪлеĴ֣νˣ˵úյĺô¶ǵлңЩˣǷֵˮˡ
ݵ̬̱ڴһЩȻĳǶ˵ǳл֮ǿѡɻõлҵĴʵ֡
УͷЩҡͷеЩСžҲǿʼ
룬ױˮ˭ҲеϲŭһЩݵ۾絶ض죬Ƭ̺ͻȻһĨɭȻЦݣûϵԣҲԵôֲңڵҪĳͷ
ҪĽЩ£ôһɱӺǱزٵģνġȻּΪʡ
ȻּҲмҵΪ飬ϷҲǿѡЩĴУױһɳƵ𣬵ţӣҲǱú
ּɱ׼֮£գȴǱϷһ
ױһʱһɼǿƣȻڱӿϯЩˣѹöǴ
Ҫˣ
ױٶжͷϵⳡ磬Ȼһ档
ּҪùˡ
ǴױɢǿƣһЩּйȴа̾һͬףڵױҪڵּңǳΪĶ
ɫһֱǱƽ̧ͷעױͻȻһЦױôˣ㻹˵ĲҪҪƤ׼̶˴͵Ϯֶɱһˣȡˣ˵Ϸ׼ָǣ
ĻٶõóһһЩĿҲͶһֱվڽһԵֶȻû뵽ССͣȻܹɱ̣ǼһԪĸְ
ĪҪΪ̤СԪǿޱߣҪּ׼һ񣡡ɫҲڴ˿̶Ȼ͵̤һǱѹõǿƣҲڴʱԵһԲֱǱǹñһľм
һԪ
ƱʱƬ̼䱩һĿǰϣڣǷףΪʲôּҼлҵ֣ҲȻ壬ԭּңҲӵһλԪǿߣ
ּң̵̫ˣ֪ǵȷС͵ļ塣
ϼһﾹȻҲԪˣ
챬ǿƣлҵɫҲЩãȻֱʣĳǵϡ
ҵ˵ּΪڻȵлңԭϹҲ̤СԪױ߽ض죬ϣҲǶһأչ¶ʵЩֲһӵԪǿߵûУǼֱֽȻͬ
ʱ򣬾΢ее㼬֣ѡġеѶԸ
Ҳֻе㼬ְˣΪ˽֮£ԽױҲͬ׼
뵽Լ׼ױҲǰһ㣬ӹһĨɫּչֳʵԽǿеɱԽŨףõּ׼ңĻᱻȡ֮ˡ
ֶվλãĿ⣬һʼһֱױ֣˵ǰڱСԪʵʱһĨɫ⣬еʧȴûг֡
һĻõֶüͷ΢΢һ壬Ŀ⻺лƬϯλɨƬ̺ĿͻȻһ
ֶĿͣλãƬϯλ۴һŻһӺЦģͨҲûĺ˵˺ܶڿʱ򣬶ǻĽԣȻֶȴ⿴ͨļһϣӦһϤĲ

һлҵˣһĻֶâһлΪ˽֮£ɷѿġ
죬ɱ̵ֶ׼ҿԼ̣ױͳٶ
٣ǽĻּҲԼ̣Ц
âĻ˶ף̸֮£Ѿǲˡ

޳һȻһӣſݵվּһԣģȻǱǵ
á
һĻױϵЦݣҲŨ޳ǣ޹ĪΪҲͻƵСԪܹ׼ҿⲻɣ
ҶˣʲôԼվ׼ǱߣԺҿͷʣ¡޳ǵص
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£ױϵɭȻڶ㵵Ŀתϯλ䴦ΪĹ˹֣Ŵʦе仯ôʦ
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ױ׼ûеô߰ҲգȻ˵˻֧ǣȻǰһЩ鷳
ڶĿע£һ΢΢һЦ̧ͷһ˫ۣͻȻ쳣ߣԺжǴһʹ
ʦ
һɫȴǱøѿ˭Ҳû뵽׼ңȻһλʦ


ھʮ ¶
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Х˵ɫͬڴ˿̱üΪױȻϼ޻Ȼǻ֣ģλνġŴʦӦ׳İ֡
ףĪǰʱּҵģǴ˲ɣХս죬
СԪʱһλطʦ̽λ׼ķʦХǲò߽

ҡҡͷʱɫҲͬǰǰƽݣױһ֣ĳϣ˵֪λŴʦﵽ˼ӡʦȻܹױ˹ĶԴҲǴﵽ˶ӡʦĵزֵȼķʦ˵ܹӦοһԻһλʵͬﵽСԪױ
ԭл൱ľ棬һ˲䣬һشת
ȱʣҲõôһĭ׼ҵȷǲȻܹǿ
Ǻǣû뵽СС򣬾ȻȴܹλСԪǿߣطһˮءŻһӣ΢΢һЦĿⶢ죬
֪¸մ֮£ּ׼˽£ǸܹԹּۣҿԸ׼˫ͣ
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ӿ죬ɫ΢еŹֵص׼ҵı꣬ľׯ֮еԪʯɣּԸ⽫ľׯҵĻԹۣǲܵ¡
ô˻˵ɫҲٶѿ˼֣ѪţҲ׳һˣû뵽ǵ֣Ȼǲ嵽׼ңҲҡ
µҪ󣬿ּҲܴӦ챳ƶХ˴һƣʾС¡
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һԣױҲǹЦһһӣܵķűǱ𿪣лҵ̱ǽΧˮйͨλεĵ͸ź˴ϲ˲価ɢ
׼̣ЩҲһæ˿Ļһ𣬷ֹлҲǶǳ֡
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лҶʱһХѸٴХдţׯ԰棬˺¡¡ź֮
źŴ֮󲻾ã׼֮⣬˻ҵɱ֮ȻּݲҲǿʼ˽
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лҵĿֻּݣˣҪ֣պױȻԵţ
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ĺͷлһּҿݣǶȲϣҲǣɱ֮С
죬꣬գ¾͵÷ָˣҪȵ׼ͷϣⱻ֮ˣɻûʸ񣡡סױЦһĿת죬ɭȻ
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ٺ٣ãҵҪ⵱˵ķˣʲô˵ȴ󻰣
ױŭЦһۻԪڱӿɿ˫۴ۣ䣬ܹһɹɼİɫƤë֮͸
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ֶһĻ۽Ҳ̲סһڽԪ֮󣬵֮еԪҲǻᱻѹһָΪǿ뾫ֱѰԪҪ򱻳ΪԪǹǷԶԪɱȡ
˵ԪԪǿǿɱ
ױһ֣ʩչԪȻĶɱ֣ͷףּ֮ԸҸ׼ҶŸɣΪĴڣֻҪˣּңһȺôϣ
ŴʦּԼݵˣˣ
Ԫӿױһͺȣһ棬ֱǶ챩ȥ;ڸٱӣΧЩΣɲǼ䱬ըǰƣ൱ĺˡ
˵ͻȻֵһλӡʦõּٶ·磬鵽һûĿܣһƴлл·ǽеͶĻױֶΣּݣ᳹׵׵İ
Сģ
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Ԫǿ߽֣ǵƣȷԶԪɱȣ
ǽһӰ˶ǰզ࣬ǵ磬Ԫڵĸֱȥ¶׶༪٣ԪȻ鴫
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лǫ˵Ŀ⣬ЩؿһХȻδϵʱ侹ȻҲֱ̤Ԫڵĵز
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ˣ㽻ԸɣٶȽ˽ɡӰЦеХˣƫͷлǫ˵
ǺǣǾ鷳ŴʦˣлǫһЦХЦһȻƿ˴
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лǫ׼ƿХ޳ҲһһۣһǷֿлǫȥ
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Ӱ˫۱أǰޱ棬ͬһ㻷תţĽƣȻҲذ磬һεӴõХ޳ǸܵĪѹ
Ƨ֮ˣδʦ֮Ҳգգǿ۽硣ӰϷʵŶˣһָǻԵ棬ֱǻΪâһּѸ͵ٶȣХˡ
Сģ
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ţ
ͻıʣõùӰХ޳˶һĿâڰһתǵĺ󷽡
˵Ŀ⣬˳źâȥǼ갲վں󷽣âΧת

ǳ֮ˣХ±ǾȻ֮ɫ
ƵХ𾪵ɫֶͷеΣ뱩¶ģ׼ķʦȴǱƵòˡ
ֶ˫ĿɫЩɵĹӰ˫֮Уӹâֵ߳ĺ̶ȣȻֱȡХ޳ǵ
ָ̧֣Ӱɡ


ھʮ ʦԾ
ֶ˻ХҲһҪ˵ʲôڿǰʱеĻȴȻֹڵֶһȻͬĸоң䣬ҲǸܵ˴Ӻɢһѹ
Ӱһ޵ѹ
û뵽СС򣬾Ȼһλķʦ
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ԣХ޳ͷһ˼ֶ˵ǶֶԪ֮ϵĽչȴûֶֹ֪Ȼһʦݣ
ʦѵľׯ̽ʵطʦǱˣǶΪХȻҲ˼֮һӱ뵽ľׯֵطʦһͬʱЩЦãǽ⵱ֶˡ
طʦǶĻڵʵԸСԪĸˡ
ХļǵõطʦۣӿԺοͬʱǸеЩԵ𺳣˭ҲδϵֶԪŹ˵츳Ϊ翵ľϣҲĪ츳ּܹֱ콵󸣡
һԵ޳ǣĿֶƬ̣Ҳ̾һڣԸͷ޵ּۣдӣպȻһССơ
ֶǵȾĿ⣬ֶȴûʲôʱʲôĿ⣬ҲǶǰĹӰķʦս⻹ʷͷһ⣬ǰĶ֣ɲʲôͨʦһӡʦ
ȼֶҪǿһЩǰǽӴԷӡӦû̫õʱ䣬ȻĻվֶӦἫΪ鷳
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˵ŻͬʱХ޳ǶһۣȻСĺˣӰƳһۣԵ棬תţָ˶ջǰ֣еעͶעǰϡ
˵ֶȥ꣬ӰȴǴϸܵһΪľ񲨶
ڵ㣬Ӧûһλһӡʦɣܹͣﵽһ൱װӰָĨǰһ棬Ц
Ժ㣬ɾͲƾڵ㣬ȴҵĶ֡ң˲ϲ׼ּңǽ˴ԣɲҪԹĺ󣬹ӰϵЦݣҲŨĺ
ֶĬȻûлشκλ蹬֮ڵöӡڴ˿ͬķϸ΢
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ͻɾѹõûҵĴ˲ͣͣţһĿ⣬Ͷǵ걳ӰǼͬӰһĸذʱ̲סغݺһ
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ּǸСӣȻҲһʦ
ڶּң˶һСԪǿߣټһʦʵǷ׳֮УܹΪ
ڣǷŷ֣ԭһεĽ棬ʤܣ˵£ּչ¶ٶԭб棬Ťת
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룬̺żǿȭ׺棬ľ磬ֱڵ˺ѿһ۵ĺۼױĽŲǵŵŵص
һȣ¶׹ٶȳҲڴʱҲǸܵľѹ¶һæתͷڷǹɾԴͷȻһϤӰʱɫȻ
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ױΪ˰ּ֣ܻôĿתɫѿ֮ױЦ
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ǾͿŰɣ
ͷһĨǣȴδ¶ЦһҲϻ˫ָһ쳣ľ磬ױ߼״ҲǼæʩչȫӭ

СӦֻһӡʦѣΪξ֮ǿ
ӰͬΪǴֶԺ֮ɢľһ£ͷӿϵɱԺȻ˽ԹǾ͵նݳպ󻼣
ͣ
ͷͬһ˲䣬Ӱޱ棬ֱӻΪâضֶ౩ȥ
ȻХǿüѶܵĽϮֶľ۲£ȴ޷ֵָһ㣬Ԫ󡱱Ӷβ֮ƣصײǽ֮ϣֱǽ䵯
СӵһЩ
汻Ӱһǳֶǰ˫Ŀйâһһɼǿľݺݵضֶȥ
飡
ľײֶǰţ嶼һƴԪƴҪԵøӵΣգһпܱǻɼĺ֢

ײõֶüͷ壬˫Уȴſ֮ɫӿһθķʦ֣еһУõеʡ
һ䣬ֶˣһɾǰӰһ㣬ݺݵضź߳ȥͬʱǻԵġԪ󡱣Ҳͬ߰㣬ϵضŹӰҪ̶ȥ
Ӱһŷ籩ڴ֮н֣ǵٶȼ죬֮ǵȾõһЩùļһɫɷס
ŽֵĳӰɫȴ𽥵رΪ֣˵ڸһʼʱֶľãԵЩֲڣʱ£߷·ڲϵѧϰβٿؾһ㣬ǵԽǿúǱƵñȫԸ
СӵľͲһӡʦ
һǾײ嶼ǲһӰμˣкâ䣬ۻľԺӿһΣȴûлΪǰٵ
Сӣľǿʹ֮ȴǴǳڵ㣬ԺҲûȻˣ
ӰһĨĮЦݣǰľȻǻ۳һָϸó롣
һεľã߱ʵΣ
ȻӰʼĶɱˣ


ھʮ 
ʵʻ
ŹӰǰǷɿþ߱ʵ״֮ֶͷҲһ˵ľԼϾҲŹʵʻǿ̶ȡ
ȻԹӰʵȻû취ʵʻɼˣҲСһԪڵĸֱУ¶ǣƣƣ֪Ҫֶٱ
ˣӰȻʩչֶΣֶɫҲǱ쳣ͬʱǻâҲǿӰҪҪ¡

ֶӣǹӰȴǲŲæָޱ趯һ㣬ЩԪ
Сӣұ㿴ʲôŽʦľؼ
״֮֣ţӰֶɭȻһЦһָȻ
룡
ŹӰѿڣ״֮ʱ֮ϸ΢زһº৵һǻΪһ⣬һּΪѸ͵ٶȣֶ
νġ롱ֶҲǸеһֺ⣬μˣһӣŵԪǱӶǡ롱صײһ
ͣ
ײɲǣһâֱһֲֿٶȣԾŵԪ֮ڴ͸Ȼֱֶָ
âȻֱӴ͸˾ŵԪɵķֶɫҲ΢䣬蹬֮еöӡٶȣҲڴ˿̼ӾǿľɿֶǰһƬ
Ը־񹥻Ȼǵʹþ
ۣ
ֶǾ۶ʱâ˲ݺݵϣ
һΣڽӴǾʱâٶȣǼ£ȴȻһֺ㶨ٶȣֶĶ䡣
һεεĺˮ˳ֶ£˫ĿգҲգضǶĺâһɹɾԴԴϵش蹬ڵıӡбӿ̶һ㣬̺Σյĺâסڻš
ԶĹӰҲ˫ָŵģӳǵâ֮ϣҪͻֶķʱ˼ֱӱƴ˭ľӵǿᣡ
˵ΣҲڴ˿̹ľֹǰǿֲĽ֣˸̤
ֶ˫ۣضǵ˸ŵĺâⶫӽΣյĸоҲǱŨ࣬ףҪⶫԺӡñݻ٣Ǹʱ򣬲ǿľ츳¶޷һ;ȡʲôɾ͡
Ҫûôף
ΣͷֶͷҲðݾ߶蹬֮ڵöӡҵضţ·Ҫеľǳһ㣬ǽǵâرȥ
СӣôôѶԸ
⽩ֵľ棬ӰͷҲһôҲ벻ףΪʲôֶƾһӡʦʵȻܹھǿϣƴ¡
ҹӰʲôûջһδɵСӶǽˣ
㽩֣ҲõùӰЩŭ׳ǵЩһ֪һƳģָҪЦʲôģ
з˺ݣӰͻȻһҧ⣬˫֮Уι󣬽ţι󣬾ȻǻΪöӡ
ӰȻǰԼ蹬ڵıӡǸ˳
гӡӰֶɭȻһЦһȣӡǴݺݵײڵš롱ֶ
һĻֶͬǱһ£ȻŸӦʱ蹬ڵöӡͻȻҵĲţȻǲֶƵģֱӷɳ蹬ϡ
ʣõֶɫ䣬ôϲⱾӡȻԼܳ
ݣ
ӡոճ֣˹ӰöӡڷͬʱӡȻѸٵŤֱֶӰ𾪵ĿУΪһԼƴСС

ӡı仯ֶлãǹӰֱӾʧ˳ţǼæٿöӡҪջء
ȻϽջöӡʱǹӡȴǱһɹɢ£ֶܹظоǹӰöӡڵľȻǱ֮С
õֶһ˵ھϣ֪ò࣬ȴǴû˵˭ķӡȻȿµ
ͣ
£ӰöӡѸٵرҲܵǣһѪ¶ȻɫЩŤҧٿöӡƴĳˣŻ˳еΧæޱȵĽӡ蹬
ڹӰӡ蹬ʱҲٶŤΪһöӷӡٵӻأֶǣͷųһѾ˲ٿصġ롱ҲŻƵĴֶǣ蹬
ӡ蹬ɲǣֶظоһɱǰǿľɿɢ
ӡѹӰľղҷˡ
һĻֶƶ̲סزһ£ô벻ⱻżȻĹӡȻ֮
ͨʦֻǱӡɲû˵ʲôѵⶫԵʣֶԺӹǰӰļ˼
㾹Ȼ
ֶʱǹӰͻȻٶȿڣɫǲ԰ףǶֶ˫ۣȴǼ˵ĳȣǳУ̰
Сӣ㽫Ȿ֮ңҿ԰ּлңı꣬ҶҪֻҪô
ֶ۽ǰ֣֪˳Ǹû뵽ȳǸȴǻ˵޴ĻӡЩر֮
ð
ֶĿһ΢΢һЦͬʱĽŲǰӻȡһƬӰ
ֶľٶõùӰϲȻո̤ʱȻӦʲô棬Էֲǰ׳գô׵ؽôҪĶ
ͣ
ĽŲոͣʱľ磬ӭâš

ΣͷӰæٿޱ潫â£һұʱһ쳣ǿľȴ˲ϢݺݵغԺ֮ϣԴ蹬֮ڵöӡǱ޹⡣
ǵĻ㱣Ȼֻɲǹ⾰ȻڹӰٶѹʱӣǽߣУһâ̶
ס֣Ҳǵˣ
Ӱĺëڴ˿̵ᵽһŨŨζ¼æ
ֶɫĮȻû˿ͣͣзԪֱǻΪһâӰ֮ϡ
ӰʦˣĻˮ㲻ʣ
ʹӰĶߣ͵͵


ھʮ ɱ
ֶ֣û˿ԥӰԼ벻ǰȥһ˿꣬ȴûˮ
䴫ľʹõùӰеҲ²㣬ѪĭвϵĿ⣬Դһ˿ضǰӣϾ׳ѪŵĸԭΪݣʲô⣬ּҲҶΣȻͻȻֵʵȴõףһΣƺдһ㡭
ǴܹһЩǰ䵽ز
ǰߣѸٵرúڰֱץֱֶۣѪĭӿ䣬ģ͸ԹʵֶУѪŲŹǵģ
ֶɫΪ̶̵ʱУӰԸر˷ܹˣҲȻһĺ󻼣ּҵԪʯҵʱģ¾Ѫŵĸ֡
ַŻɽ£ֶȻСȴǳףĴʲôӰڽ˵ãȥ׼ּұȻܵȽոǿΣѡ
ӰԪֶƿٵ̽ӰУһ̣ǴͳһǬȻУֱһǹӰʬǻ̱¡
أ
ʬ嵹صڻҵĴвȻһ˵ľǷ·ܵһֲһ㣬һĿ⣬ǲܿƵͶ˹
ЩĿͣڹӰʬʱеĿǷ·ڴ˿ԺڶɱȻʧ
Ӱˣ
۾·ĿĹӰ˵ͷǷ캧ˣȻ޷ǰз緶Ķӡʦϵ
ЩĿ⣬ڹӰʬͣһᣬȻȻתһԵ꣬ڼǻȾѪԪʱһɺͻȻԽŵӿǡ
ӡʦǷ׳ǣҲǸϱڣλпƴĹӰȴֱӱһλʮ곹׵Ľ
һĻ̫𺳣𺳵üֱ޷š
ּҪˡ
𽥵ػָʱжͷּչֳʵԶԶĳ˵ϣʵл֣޷ƥС

飡
룬Ӱͬĺɨ;˸СԪǿߵĽ֣ನѰԪܹܵġ
ױˣǿսãڶǴСԪʱڣȴ޷ֳʤ
õĿսҲǳ˲˺ۣǵƣҲǲǰôãĲν
Ӱˣ
һӴʱȽΣͻȻһģţ۽⼸˲䣬תһȻ󣬵һʬ壬С
࡭
˵ĿһʬʱǲԼͬһĭױɫɷףôϲӰδܳɹؽֶɱԼ˶ԷС
Ȼ²Ҫ˵ױе˼飬һֱֶŲСĵ죬ں󣬷ŽЩõʵ
ԭģֶֻܹӰ˳סѣȻȴδϵֱֶѡΪɴķʽ
ױ̣ڿûˣ컺ص
ױɫ죬ͻȻŹһЦϹֵôˣӰѪŵĸֶϣٺ٣ѪűȻôưոݣʱּңȻᱻɱüȮ
Ϸ˵ּǿӲͷ˭Ҫڣű׼׼ˣѪţͬˣЦѾˣ˵κλãң㲻ɱӰºڻȥҲ˵İݣȻˣǲֱ˵úá
ֻҪϹͷȶˣּңȻױɭȻЦּұϾӻ죬ֻҪһּңҲûʲôڵˡ
ҪȶϷĹͷûȱ£ȻЦ
Ǳԣ
ױЦһԪ˫֮Ϸɿۣ貵Ĺͬһź¡¡ĵͳ֮ɢƣ׼Ʒѧ׹⣬ֻƷѧױʩչֱͬױӿƺˡ
أ
ױĽƣݺһ棬ͬһĹŰ㣬ĳ죬;ذϣֱǱĿٳһߵѷ졣
ױƴȫĹȴδ˿ݱܷâĴ㣬ֻ˫һ𣬾ǿʼóӡ
ЩӡΪϤǿϸǻ֣ᷢⶫּҵӡڵӡõƪֹʱȴδʹֹͣǼʩչֶıǽӡǰؽˣˣڵӡɲǲƪ
ۺĴԪɿӡۣ֮ǷɵӡڵִʱҲǸȻ˿̣һҫհ貵Ĺӡ۶
ӡۣȻ̧ͷ֮ͫмٷŴĹӰȴû˿ԥһȭһɲǣӡǴͳ֮ݺݵغһ֮ϣ
䣡
ǿ͵ˣڴ֮бķţڴ˿̱ɷĩۻľɢԪĸֱ֣ӱӲɨǱԺ֮С
飡
˱ɨʱֻǴҲǵ£̶Ϣʱ䣬ӴĴں¡¡ľУΪһƬ桭
֮ĿյϣһӱüΪĻ˫һغ󣬱̵ͶǷ֮ϣ˭ףʤܣžԵá
أ
ʱҳķ֮УһӰͻȻǱĵĵڵϣҡҡ׹Ѫ
ף
ǵӰХ˶ʱϲ
Ȼ֮ϵϲɫδչһԵΧһӰͻȻзذףݺݵشǱƴҡҡ׹Ҫ
лǫ
ͻһĻХɫ䣬ڼɫ֮ʱ֮
ǵĺлǫȴҲǳּҵҪԣֻҪܹȡּңȻ߽⣡
棬л·磬ţԺǽ޷֮գ
ɣϹ
лǫٶȣþˣһ֮£ǳ˼Ϊ࣬ذףХǺȻޱȵĿ£߲ӡ
ͣ
滮ĵͳѪӿлǫµֱۣȻֹصͷǲ֪ʱ֣Ҵбŵޱ棬һѪ
صʱһӰķ֮߳𽥱ʬ壬Ķԡ
Ӱױ
棬ɲǼž۾ʬ壬˶֪
׼ңˡ


ھʮ 
һԻΪֵˣհױлǫ˵Ļڼһ̣˭ףһ׼쳣ֵлңδܳɹּҴ壬ںߵķ£˾޴Ĵۡ
ۣпܱƼǷϡ
ʧȥλлĵλҲἱ½Ҫָĵλ˿Ŀܡ
ȻһлˣգּǣҲ˸Сļ塣

лҵʧܣּҲٶȽһЩҾǨΪʱõһЩҵҲҵּң죬ûлҵǯвּǵ֮ĵһ
£˲˸ֵļ룬Щֵļ룬ּҲΪϲ˵Щֵн겻ͣɶӵԪʯּ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ߣлһյּͬŲСʧ˿£ıҪʱ̣ԣھһЩ󣬱˱Ƚ׵ĸ֣һʱ䣬ּҵʵνǡ

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ȻһʮԪڣԼһӡʦӣҲȷֵԺһ£ȳɾͣǷƵ֮ڣϼΪ
˶ףүǽعϣǷֶϣҲǲ֪֮ᣬֶǷܹҲͬҫۡ
ɽһƬɽ֮ϣֶһɹԪӿ󻺻ӿ֮ڣʵŵ
Ԫͬʱֶ蹬֮ڵǱӡҲͬ㷢н֮һɹɾڷӡΧʱӡʱ¶ѭ£ЩҲһ˿˿ı
ֶڵľΪӡǿ˹ӰپԵʣԱǿ˲٣ֶ˶൱Ĳ죬ʱĸоӡҲһЩͷȻĻ˵İԵ

СʱңֶŻ³һŰ˫Ҳе貳˲䣬ɢΡ
»Ҫһʱң̤ԪڣԪϾȼ̫ˣԪ޷󡣡
ϣֶüͷȴ΢΢ͣԪڣҵʱ䣬ͻƵĸоȴȻٳδõеΣҲǽĹؼ̫ͼԭ
Ȼֿ˻ǻ̲סһѪزѾͣ꣬˵ͻƵļ󣬵ĵʱ䣬ֶʮֶٶȶĻʵûˡ
ҡҡͷֶе׵ּңѸ͵طչлҵҵҲڱ𽥵ɣ㲻ʲô֣ʵǲпģ֮ǸϾɱʲôܵ£ֶţǴ˴ʧּܵңױֶΣȷּҼȮ

˼ͣ٣ֶתƵ˼ɱ˹Ӱ֮õ˶ԷϵǬڷʦһ;ֶ֪ΪģϾλ׳ǵҴʦֻǸƪǰ֮ԶԷʦ˽⣬ֶͣڲļϡ
ңһΣӹӰǬУõ˲ʦйصϢ֮Уǰ˵չӰгġ
ӡǷʦ֮أΨ˱ӡܹӳνıӡȴһЩرļ
ЩϢϣֱֻӡļ𣬱ӡԼ
ӡֻΪͨһ֣ûʲôķʦֻӵͨıӡ
һΪķӡȷӡܹ壬Ҿ߱һЩرͱֶ֡ӡǾ߱һ֮
ڱǸΪֲ˵ʩչɵأȻⶫ̫翣Щ鼮ϣǽܼ١
ҲΪʲôչӰڼӡȻܹ廯Ϊʱǰ𾪣Ͼ֡ΪϡһʦܹɳǶɽȡΪ޴İá
Ǳô
ֶգգ۾һιͫΪһöӵķӡǰô벻еĶȻ˵档
Ͼܹձ˵ľΪеʵ̫ˡ
ǰĹӷӡڳһ󣬱Ǳֶٶջ蹬ǹӰǬУ֪νľؼ
˵һġѧֻѧҪԪ߶ؼȴҪʩչ
νġؼĵȼԴҪֶɵߣֱΪ

ھ֮ǰһͨ𣬲ٷʦƿصľؼȼ
չӰʩչǡ롱ȻְʵҲͨľؼҪõǿľؼɲʲô׵顣
ʦһȻҲǸĪⰡ
ֶüģӻͳӰǬ촽ȴǻüͷ塣
˴˵ʤлңȴһ
ȻǱ׳ǵѪţֶѪŵĸɱˣ´ȥѪŵ·񣬱Ȼưոݡ
£ҲһֱѹּҺķӵУ˵ǲû¶ʲôֶȴ֪Щǡ
Ѫŵĸ𣬲лҿɱȣ
ϾѪ׳ǵʵлǿˣʦǰּһǻٶٻ֮ѡ
ЩոļҲᱻ̤֧飡
ʵҲԴ֪ԼּǷʱȴû̫ǰʾã˭ּ֪ҵ⣬ֻǶݵһʱѡ
Ѫţּͬͷһ㣬һĳʱֶġ
һֶȭͷգǸ׳ǶһЩǸеһɼѹ
˭ҪּңøѪһĴۣ
ֶ죬кâӿҲ˵ּǿӲͷ˭У͵б׼


ھʮ ʯڵġ
ƻͨķ֮УȴЩѹ֣ХڷУɫԵΪء
ףּǰЪõЩҵѾٶ˳ʼܹܿ졣Хһɫص죬
š
ЩĲɵص˵ͷƬ̺ͻȻ̧ͷХˣ̾ԭΪлһּҴһЩû뵽תѪ
ףǶçײҹ̲ܽХĬ֪Ϊ£ʱ䣬͸ԽϾѪſɲлҿɱȵİ
ض£Ӱ̰ݶǷȥˣҲǻȻˣɱ벻ɱͬ¡˰֣
Ҫ֣͹ױϹ̫ƻȻýԪʯϢͱЩǡ
ףô죿Ѿɳ˲̽ѪŵϢ֮Իûж֣ڵּҵʵһǲ󡭡ֿϳ
ѪκͨԪСԲʵ£һλ̤СԪĹԪڵĸ֣Žʮλʵּңѵ컺صʱ䣬ҲǷѾ˼ĴѪŵʵȻԽбԽǵǡ
ԪСԲ
ô˻ХɫҲ΢΢һ䣬˵ȥƺֻǱСԪһΣߣȴȫ޷ȣ˵죬ܻκͨĶ֣οѪУɻһλͬﵽСԪĹʵлң֪ǿ˶١
Ǳڵ˵ѹ£Х˶ǳĬ
Хʱ䣬Сתƣʱǳʲô⣬ҲñѪϵӣЩƣ˻֣
ԣХȭͷҲգʱ򣬾ͱ뿪ʼĺ·ô
ԪʯһۺɣѪŵ֪Ȼһнᣬοڣ޷Цԣһᶯֵģֻʱѡ
ХǵãѪҪ֣ƴҲҪȫ츳Ϊˣպسɴ
ˣˣǶȻȥϢɡ
̾һҲǲ˵ʲôӻ֣Х˵
ǡ
ƣ̬Хֻܵ˵ͷĬĬ˳䣬һ֮Ĳõ

Х˳ʱּһ䷿Уڴϵֶȴǻ˫ۣڵʵҪ͵һЩ̸֣ʲôѵ¡
ԪСԲ
ֶ죬ڵʵȫʩչ£ܹСԪǿƥУԪСԲǿߣǿʤ㼫͡
ʱ䣬Ѫſ±ǻὫּҵĵϸʵʱԪʯջ£Ǳǻʦڶ
ֶĿ˸µʱ䣬ܹʲôõﵽԪڶѣѵܹκͨԪСԲ࿹ⲻɣ

ֶһµȷ̫£ǲ׷ģּҺòߵһɲؿң֧顣
ָģֶ˫ۻرϣ˫۱ϵʱ򣬾Ҳһ㱣Ϥĺڰռ䣬ٶȳ֡
ʯռڣǼӰֻӡĹӰǳ׵Ľһȱѧ˳
ڵӡؽǾֶ߱Ʋ⣬ԸһЩƷѧųֶ֮ǿĶ˵޷ƾѪŵκͨ٣Ҳһˡ
ֶվӰ֮ǰȴûͬǰǵһһ۹⣬شһƬڰռ䡣
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ʱ䡭һԵХҲǰ̾ɫӡ
ºһֹͣöԪһᣬ
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ˣԪļ۸ҲԵĸ߰˵ԪԪıǼǴﵽһһ٣Ҳ˵һöԪֵһǧԪʯ⼸ּڰʱĿܺˡ
Ԫ̫ʱ뾫ǼҪȡʲôͷȣԪǿߣǲôñԪ
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һöԪּʱղˣߣ׳ǣûСԪʲô첻ˡ
ǵݹǬԼеĿ⣬ֶ΢еᣬһöԪּ˵һʼʽҪǰµñһЩׯ԰Żó
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ЦЦֶļȴͻȻҪһ˿̫࣬ǵã֮ȻκͨĶ֣ͲҪȥӦⳡԼɽڲûգһʱ㲻Ӣۡ
ֶĬĬͷе˫ȭȴǻգǲȥĻּңȻһѡ
ʱ䣬ּ׳ҲһЩݵ㣬⣬ȥЩط˵ġ
ºҲȥ׳ǽǶǾ仰ûаգͲҪֻҪţԺҪҲпܡ

ͻȻ߶߶ˣֶȴǰţֱЩƣĻʱһˣŻ˳䡣

գּҴţֶǣһƥûдκˣСףҲõʱʱ䣬Ϊκ鷳
ֶ磬ҪСİֶԣ̴ȦЩؿǰߣ
ֶЦ̴СԴȻ̧ͷվڴſڴˣЦүүºټˣ
˵꣬ҲˮֱǷһޣǻΪһƳ֮⼲ȥ
ѸԶȥıӰҲ̾һڣҲֶֻܹ֮ȡܹκͨĽչ


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־ʹǾεȻǸоΪܡ
ֶӻеǬȡһƿƿ֮Уһöɫĵ裬ʹôﹺҩɣһЩָĹЧֻʹãֻʣһö
ձȥǡܷŪһЩԻָҩˡǹһö裬ֶ̾һѰҩǺŪָܹҩȴΪټұҲѰҵѣƷʶǺܸߵӡ
ֶеġ׳һ׳󶥼֮һ̻УǹģԼԶԶĽ׷ɱȣӦܹŪһЩҪҩ
ͷֶҲһŵͷ˯

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׳ǣ춼ŲСֶת˺ðҲǵִǡ֮⡣
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ֶվ⣬˴ӣŬõԼҪԵ̫УȻԳһ֮ȥ
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ǷָܹƷҩҲܹպʹãֶʱȣһжԾﵽӡʦΪأѡȡҩҲþʹõģԣڹһȦֲûõĶҩֱӶڲȥ
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࣬һλĸŮӣŮͬΪֻǰһƵգȴһЩ䵭ǰߣһɬҲŶصζ٣лҵлӯӯŮʤһ
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˳һܹƷҩֶ֮ٶѡ˾ۣ֮ʱУ³֣ǧٿԪʯƷҩ˵ջķˡ
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У𣬶ҴʦԼŮϵЦݣȴǳ˲ĽӲ


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ܵ״ֶָ̬࣬Ҳٶȵһͺȣǽʯռ䣡
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һֶҲǰģ¶һȣҲˣ̲ĵǶġ
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ѪŵǳΣֶףϣҪôҪ
ҲΪˣŻӦ̻ᣬһΪᡰɳء


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˵ˣѾиõѡˣεɳ֮㲻ٲ롣̻һ֮УԵһλ꣬䵭ص
Ȼ֪һɼɳ֮ϾҪʼ׳ǣһ㲻ö⣬ҲѰԴģڿɲˣСƢģ꣬ҲΪĻɫ΢΢һչ¶Ц۽ƳһǰŮ߶˵Ľ˫Щ֮ɫӿ
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࣬һΣ˰ɣһ㸸׽͡һԵأһЦص
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߰ɣֶ֣ǵĿĵ׳ǶһɽУһСʱҵ·ֶ̡кһҲǷѸٵظ˴󲿶ӣ棬ֶҲѸ

ֶǴеĿĵأλ׳Ƕһɽ֮ڣڡɳءĹٳδ̻ܽѪǰﶼ˲˴˻ྯӣ˭ҲϷɡ
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һһʮһ ɳ֮
ɽĻҲһЦ߹صˣĿһɨȴͻȻֶͣϣЩȻصأû
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ĹҲһһգһɫĳֶƲһ
ŮǴԪڵĲΣ˵׳һеٮٮߣ⽻ҲԵΪľʣӰ޷趯γɵǿ;磬ڵϹճһһĴۡ
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ƵڳʮʱȴͻȻͣΪֶͻȻεķ֣׳µʱУȻѾǽĽǧöԪþ⣬Ʒҩʽ𣬶ǲپ߱
ֻ֪˵ĻǻᱻŵĿɿڴһ˵ּҶǹ𰡡
׬Ǯˡ
ſյǬֶɵÿЦҡҡͷ


һһʮ ׬Ǯ
׬ǮĻֶûֿصҵͷԣҲûд㹹һʲôҵ۹ģֻܹԼ㹻ҩѡ
ֶ˼ȥ󣬷Ψӿ׬ǮһԪʯƾʯԪʯһöԪЧʣѰǿû㹻Ԫʯ֣ⶫʵҲ׳ۣɢյĻ̫鷳
ԣֶֻܽĿͶǸΪ򵥵ķǱֱӳʹʯ鵤
һƷҩֶܹö鵤־鵤ҩԲҼգҩЧ֪˶ٱ
ֶĲ²⣬̷һƷҩܹҩ²ҩ֮һҩǳڻ߻ӷȥЧһö鵤ȡ
Ҳ˵ڳ˵һƷҩֱһö鵤ø㣬⣬Ҳֶ뵽׬Ǯķˡ

ȻҪ鵤ĻȻǵȥֻ߰ļ۸񽫶ȥ
ԣֶ󣬱ǳ˿ջֱ̻ᡣ
ֶҲ̻ĹҲЩλڼ֮ŮڵĽڴǰ
ǺǣֶСܣôòҽ㣬Ϊ㽫˼ҸءڷһЩļأýŲʱ̧ĵֶȻһЦ鶯ˡ
ֶЦһеԲλ¶ɢһɳζŮܹܵĵЦ֪صʵֵֻ̫࣬ԵʣҲֻܹԹԵĽһ̡
˵ɣҽʲô£طе£΢Ц
̻㶫ֶҲûӣһ£ǴǬȡƿÿƿУʮöƷҩ鵤
Ŷ
Ưü֬޳֣ƿȡһö鵤棬ʹҩ鵤ɣ
šֶЦŵ˵ͷ
Ȼһλ׷ߣ鵤ԷλȻڱЩ鵤żΪľ飬ھһ̽󣬱ЩȵصӦһָܹ鵤ҩºͣЧƷҩǲضá
ŶֶСܵһЩԣҲԸоȣôһö鵤ܹƷҩȡ
鵤Ϸ۸Ԫʯ鵤ָܹ˵ģ඼ǷʦЩˣǴ󻧣һᣬ˵۸ߣܹΪΣǰ׷ߵ
šҲ΢΢ͷȻΪ۸񻹺ʡ
ֶͬǶ۸⣬һöԪʯʮöǧԪʯҲöԪˣɲʲôСĿˡ
ܹܣǽЩ鵤ɹ뽻ԪʯɡֶЦԪʯԼĻƾշֱֳɵԪ
ҪװôԪʯɵҪмǬܰ쵽ضֶЦֶСܣһмǬļ۸һǧԪʯң̻ṩķϣһǧɺã
⻰ֶһ㶣Ȼ̲סʹһѣͼǬżʮԪʯѣмģ۸Ȼʮ
ܹ˵ɡʹҲЩǱرģͼǬǱˣǵȷá
͡
ֶһʹģȴ̲סһЦֵֶСܣ㶺أмǬ͵̻ļɣɲܾȻͲЩ鵤ˡ
һһЦ䶼ɢ˷أֶҲֻܿЦŵ˵ͷа̻̾ᣬӻ־ͳֵǧԪʯĶ
ܹܡ
ССͣô෱ȽڣǲӽϵĻؽɡֶһһܹܣȴǲɵЩ䣬
ðɡؽ㡣ֶôûôŮˣֻεص˵ͷҪһ΢߼һĹؼؽܹҹ۲һ¡
߼Ĺؼ
Ҫطü΢΢һأĹؼǺŪıҪһЩһǸټ̻ᣬǺ
ţһԸȥ˰㿴ţĻȰԽ£˽̸֮
лؽ㡣
ֶһȭ˵ʹ鵤С׬һʣҲ֪׳ǲƴֵ˲֪٣һʱҲˣеͷˡ
鵤ȷ⼸һ½ȥؼ£ʧˣұ֪ͨ㡣
ֶЦŵ˵ͷ˵̸꣬΢һλƢȴǲߣһ󣬷ŸǶȥ

ļ죬Ϊû鵤Ҳ΢Żһ㣬ҲãųжȣָһζͷޣЧûǰá
鵤Ҳò˵̻ȷЩЧʱ䣬½ʮö鵤ҵֶβûһԵĽҩȫǷ鵤ڷʦ˵ŲСãϾҪĶһ۸ϾϡΪ
Уʮö鵤ܹǱЩƴֵķʦ˰ǧԪʯļ۸ԶԶĳֶϡ
ڽԪʯõֶֺʱ䣬ŽǾԪ
һӣֶӵǧöԪԭݽߵʽ𣬼ɲǼ䣬
㲻ƵջֶĵٶһƷʲƷҩٶǿ֮С
ڿ֮кĵ죬̻ǱߣȴͻȻ֪ͨҪĶüĿ
ϢֶϲʱܵĺôֶĸоԪĲ
ָоͬһ̨ܲĻȴǱһķ̵϶һ㣬õûĹʼ޷׵ķӳ
⣬ҲֶΪͷ۵ĵطԣ˸߼ؼϢû˿ĳɣֱӱǳ˿ջֱ̻ᡣ
ǹؼĺʵĻٰļǮҪŪ֣
ܹˡԪţЧʣ


һٶʮ 
ֶ𼱻ǵĸϵʱŮȴڴˣһ棬ǹĽ
ʱĿڣӰһأһλһλԾݣ˫ݵİӡ
λҪؼˣֶҲ΢ЦŽܵ
ҪҵĹؼӿֶһۣüͷȴһ壬ǸоԷ̫ˡ
ֶЦŵ˵ͷ֪ĹؼǺֵȼ
ģ⹦ؼɲʲôѰ֮ԣӰȻӻͳһŽ֮ɫıŲᡣ

ȡŲʱֶҲۼƼ塣
ؼ˹ܹͨʮһڵ̫֮Ԫţؼʱ̣ܹʩչֱǿһΣֲ£Ҳһ
ǰȻֶͷҲȻһĨȣͱԪǿҪģ⡰Ȼӵ׵طͬĻѪԪһ㣬ֻܹѪҺʱʵ⡰ȴڵ۳ͬըĶԵʱȷܹȡ䲻Ч
ͨʮĶؼҲֻ˵ط룬ʩչ֮󣬶ԱӦҲŲСĴ˰ɣֶʱһԵأȴЦص
ص۹⣬Ȼǲųé®ֶɱȣȻһ۱ǿһԴޡ
ԣֶһ㣬ǽʩչ˻ѪԪôصĺ֢⡰һⶼûɣ
ٺ٣ȻҲСص۹⣬һЦֻõûʲô̫ĺֻ֢⡮šҪȽϿ̵ĿȻĻͦװԼըˡ
ͦףԴӵõ⡰Ӿûһγɹ۹;ԼըΣúǲǡš
ֶȻ̾һȻͶȥмĿ⣬ڡȤΪԵʣֶĿƣ˵¯࣬ٱ֮ͬˣҪǿһΣɹȴ޷ɹ
ȻЩȱݣڶؼУҲС΢΢һЦ֪Ҫγ۴ؼ
ܹ۹ⶾҲͲ˵ϻԪʯָ
Ԫʯ
ֶ֣۽̲סؾҳ鴤һ£ԭΪȻ㲻ϴ󸻣Ҳ㱡ʲû뵽ȴһؼ𡭡
ԪʯĻȻԹһ㣬Ҳ֮С۹⡰ȥĻ۸
ֶпЦڵУֻǧöԪҲԪʯѣǵ͹ֹؼİԡ
ǧöԪһ¡
ֶеСʱһԵȴƽȻЦȡһǬӣģƺ׼˵ġ
ҲЩϲĽӹǬͷ˺ðΣŽеĹŲᣬأȻҲٶֱӸǶȥ
ֶСܣ⡮ȻЩǡšǲӱ̫޷ԵѣȻĻԪʯ򲻵⡮ȥط΢Цתеġݸֶ
ؽ㣬лˣһԪʯ̻ᡣֶһ£ҲûйĽӹŲᣬصԪʯ̫СĿ̫飬ծʱѻ
ֶģҲֻеεص˵ͷСһǾǿͷۡ
ڽз鶯˵ĴˣֶҲǸЦһǬʵʵĵ˺ðεĺ󣬷΢ЦĿȥ

صջֶûоǡȡչһƷҩЩҩУͬǰָֻܹһЩԪͬż档
ЩҩնǱֶʹʯ鵤ܹʮöЩ˵Ļ㹻ǱǮˣƨЩծֶǸоܲϰߡ
˴յʱ䣬ЩҩϺֶһǬȡǽյֵġרעϰ
ϰһʱңֶŽעӹŲջأ̲סص˵ͷǶؼԪǸ棬Ҫǿϲ١
ڶ⡰һЩ˽ֶ֮Ŀ񻺻سĵʯ֮С
ֶٶȳϤľռ䣬ûֱĥ̵ĵطܣǴ˹ӰĵطһӰϵֶ
ֶǵӰ֮ǰȫעһڹӰڻĹЩ·ߣǡͨľ
ֶ۾գգע£ʮ·ߣǽ½½ֳ
ǵʮ·ʱֶȴûоʹ˷ɣ۾ǶȻڴ֪⡰ʯǿܹͨ
صʯûֶʧھݵͣͺһȻٶһΪƫƧľ·ߣͬɽ·㣬ϡ
⣬ûн
ţһʮ֮еľ·ߣٶȳ֣
һһ
̶ʮӵʱ䣬ǵֱֶ˷ܵĿУٶȾҵҵĿѳ
ټϡʮǱʮ
ĿǳԪ֮࣡
˵ʮڶؼУֻĻʮļΪˡ
ʯǿЧֶҲ̲סͷϲôЦһԪʯǻֵ
˷Ƭֶ̺ŻѹеٶȫעǹǶʮ·ߣεؼԺ֮С
ڰЩ·߾κֶ˳Ƭռ䣬ȶһöٶȱ˫֮Уͬʱһ˿˿Ԫӵ֮ӿĿ£ɿضЩ޵ľ·ӿȥ
һξֶ£Ҳᳵ·ЩͨʱܹĳԵؼֺô


һٶʮһ 
ͨľ·ߣΨóͨݣ̶һҹʱ䣬ʮȻֱıֶͨ˰
ٶȣֱǿƺˣҪֶ֪Ԫʱʱ䣬ų׽ͨȻڣȴǽֻһҹʱ䣬Ǵͨ˰
Ȼܹӵ˿ֲЧʣĹͣȻ顣
֮ۻӰ֧ţֶ֮еԪʱ̶Ǳųӯ״̬ΪͨΪĻֶһֱӽʮ״ͨ
ҲΪʱ̳ӯԪֶܹڶ̶һռ䣬ͨ
ŰĴֶͨҲ𽥵ظоһЩ֮ĺôԼԪٶȣԶԪɱȣڻֻǴͨ˰ЧʣѾܹԪȫʢ״̬
ֳɹֶԵüΪ⣬Ԫʯòԩ

ڶգֶǽʮö鵤˹ȥڴ˴ε鵤ŲָܹԪ࣬ȡõЧҲǲ̶ʱڣǾǣԪʯֶС
Ԫʯֶͷʱ䣬Žǳ׵ıǧöԪеǧöǾأҲǽ˴εĸծ
ƨϵծֶصһνծһᣬ˵治١
ڽծ֮󣬺ʱ䣬ֶȫǷ֮ϣʱ䣬ν֮ڣֻʣ¿ʱ䣬ʱ価ʵȻĻʱκͨԪСԲʵеͷۡ
ԣڽİڣֶ뿪ջÿһ鵤ù󷽲Żȥ̻Ṻҩ⣬ʱ䣬ǳ֮С
ֽʳ£ȡõĽչҲǼΪϲˡ
ǡʮʱ䣬ֶǴͨ˶ʮΨԴͨڸ翹ţЧʣ䳹״ͨҲֻ֮ˡ
ʮĴͨҲ𽥵ֳеһСʱеԪűǻ׳󵽼ޣҲ޷ոԪ
ڵͨʮһСʱʱ䣬ȴ֮࣬ҵ֮ڵԪţҲԽԽ䣬ܹоһʪƶ
Щʪĳ֣Ԫ۵ǰף
ԪȡòƽչʱֶľҲ˿δ£žĥȴֶ֣ľҲһһյȻǿţǱϵѷ죬ҲԽԽ󣬵úŷѵƣΨһ˿ͬϵźһ㣬翹ţֿܣȻ۵
һеһУڶֶϵķѸٵؿţ

ֶʱһЩ飬ȴ֪УƶϣЩԴͷѪǰ
Ѫǰ׳ǣ㲻ʲôƲ磬ɽƾһһ׳дƴ䱾ˣǿԪԲ컯ֻһ֮ң׳ǣǷ֮ˡ
׳ǵķȴǶڽɳ̻ᣬһֱǹڻһɳأ䵽Ѫǰ֣ܹ֮λԪǿߣ˵һɼǿϾѪǰﵽԪǿߣҲָֻѡ
ڹڻֶ֮࣬ͻȻðȻٲһ顣
ѪǰҪֶ㲻̫ѣ˶̶ʮ첻ʱ䣬ֶּҵ鱨䵽ɽС
ֻɽõЩ鱨ͬʱҲյһ̻ź̻׳ǵ˿Ѫǰ鱨棬ҪǿѪǰԣߴּ̽ҵЩٶȻӲǵע⡣
̵ԼأֶǱΪأҲǹ֮ˣȻ£֮⣬ǾȻѪǰЩٶӲܡ
һźдģһЩʲôּ̻ҽãɽ象ƣ˼ǸѪǰҪ˽Զּҳ֡
̻е㾯ĻɽҲǼŭŭŭ治ðŸǰ߿սΣգȥԸһССּҡ
˵߶ͬΪ׳󶥼Ҫ˵ѪǰҪвϾѪǰ׺ЩΪµ׳Ƕλã֪ЩȻֵǿڵѪǰŸɣȴһξʱǱݺݵͱһ
ξ棬Īڸ̻ȶսˡ
̻ǿ߲٣ҹؼǮǵؽ£׼ѣʱѪǰ¾еͷˡ
ɽԸ޷׵رǽȥڼ£ѪּҵĶԹС

Ѫǰܲһ֮У˶һˣȻǵɱŵѪκͨ
ѪŵȷּЩԹӰǸֶСУ֮׳ǽǶһϸߵ͡ɽһڱѯѪּҶԹʱκͨҲǾһ£ΪּѪǰﳶ˹ϵСص
Ȼֶԣɽ۾ȴһС
ֶоɣҿԷһ״κͨæ
һΪҪţɽЦһκͨȻӣصּ̻ᡣ
̻᣿κͨɫ΢䣬˵Ѫ׳Щʵȴ޷̻ȣû뵽̶һµʱ䣬ּҾȻܹŴ⵹õЩͷʱּң̻ᣬ²ưոݡ
õ̻ᣬԸµ˭Ҳܲˣ̻ᣬѪǰҪһ񡣡ɽ
˵ѪǰκͨҲһ㣬æ
ɱǸֶСӣº֣ҪκɽĮȻصȻ̻Ҫ£СӣǾͳô˴λᣬˣ
ɽеĵ⣬κͨһݣҲ¶ЦĺݺݵͷģһڽǶСʬΣ

ʱ䣬һĹȥ֪ʱκֶͨ飬Ȼ׳Ǵ˿ںߣ׳ǴеİɶκͨȴΪ˽⣬ԪСԲǿߣʹ׳ǣŲλ֣˵ֻһλʮꡣ
ʵԱȣõòЩȻҡͷⲻ֪СӣҲ̫֪ߵغˡ
׳Ϊ¶÷зʱֶȴȻ˿̵ȴѾһΪؼʱ̡
ƾЧ̶һ²ʱ䣬ֶ֮еʪԽԽŨúǴﵽޣԪţڴ˿̷ת
ǳںϵļ


һٶʮ 
ľķ֮Уۻֶڴ֮ϣһɹۿɼԪ
ֶԵúƽڣȴڴ˽Ȼ෴
ڣԪռ˾󲿷ֵλã֮УֽȻͬԣԭһֱųȴûڽӴʱֿܣһ˿˿Ԫ£ϵػںš
ֶעŵǻںϵԪţʲôҲǷһ˿֮⣬ţ侲һǴ߶ŵ֮ڵԪת

ԪתۻԪҲǷˮһʪϵشƮ
ԪתٶԽԽ٣úǷһ֮ǵת֮£ǲ
Ԫתٶ𽥵شﵽʱ֮еںϵٶȣҲԽԽ졣
̩Ԫ
һԪؼ裡
ʱֶҲǲ˿ĵе񣬶Ͷעڵ֮ڡ
Ԫŷת䣬ԭۻ͵ԪҲǿʼۿɼٶȼ٣ԪʱȴԽԽʪ
ЩʪƽԪԲͬʪ֮У̺һӴͻ񿹾ܵʱѾںϳһҸΪǿĲ
أ
Ԫţֶ˿ͣĸת£еԪҲԽԽ٣ǳ׵Ŀݽ߶ȥ
Ԫݽʱֶȴδ̽һһֶ
ö飬ֶһʱ䲻ͣЪգСһ룬ֺڰɫǱõࡣ
ʹˣ̺֮ҲΪĿɹۡ
һ֣һɹɾˮӿֶ֮еԪڣЩֶҲ߲ܣٶתţǾΪһ˿˿ʪƮڵ֮ڡ
鲻ϵع룬ֶϵѭ£֮ڵʪҲԽԽŨ
꣡
ֹգٶȳʱ䣬ֶеö飬ͻȻѿһϸСѷ죬ţѷ飬ǻΪһ̯ĩȻеǱմ
ڽö鳹չֶ֮֮ڣǱں⣬ǰֶĵǸоһֹ͡

о쳣ۻʪֶص˵ͷһԪžԷٵתһӿ
أ
ıӿǵ֮ڵʪʱܵĳǣһ㣬ʱӵӿţ
£ɲǼ䣬ڵʪǾԪţţָת£ʪѸɢһεμΪϸСҺ壬ǳ֮ڣ
̶̲ӵʱ䣬ǳӯʪǻΪʮμΪϸСҺ壡
̩Ԫ
ЩʪҺʱֶҲǶȻһ֮ţ·һεľƣݺݵضȥǵѹ֮£±Һ屻ǿеںһ
飡
εϵغŴһɹɾкЩҺϣֱǽһεҺ壬Ӳĺһ
ͣ
ԽԽҺ屻ǿһһɾ޴ѹֱõҺ建̣ţһöԼָͷСĵ裬
ö裬аָͷСҲԲ󣬲֮ɢԪȴļ¡
ԪΣ
һεεҺ壬ݺݵصԪ֮ϣȻѸٵ˳ҺճԪϵЩǣڣԪҲԼαٶš
ͣ
ڣһϸ΢죬ڶںҺ壬ǰĴӵӹɶ˻һԪ֮С
ˣ
ڵҺ࣬Ҳžͷ֮ʱһҺ壬Ҳ˳Ԫʱֶ壬·һһ޷ݵǿоԵ֮ɢÿһ
ǿԶԪڿɱȣһʵɱ䣡ӣ
СԪ
̤˾ǿɳǿߣڴ֮ǰѰֶѣ
һԪȻͬĲΣ
֮Уֶյ˫ۣҲɲǼ䶸ȻľââһĴܶƬ̺󣬷ɢΡ

ֶ³һŰ΢ţţһö裬Ʈ
⣬ֶɹ۵Ԫ
ʱԪĴָСңԪɫҲ֮ɫƫ򵭽ɫʣȥ뵱ԪƺźܴĲͬ
ңԪԲıϣŰ˵ΪϸСƣ
Ԫ
ǰ˵ƣֶ̲סЩ񣬺Ƭ̺󣬷Żع±һ
ԪƷʣǸߵЩֶϣ˵ڵԪԪʱյɷ֮֮Ѱ֮ȴûϵȻܹ۳ƷʵԪ
ԭΪƾ̴ڵɷ֮Լǿɽյ֮ټϺ֮յĳɹҲֻǶѣʳ¯ģȴǻʵİԪ

ػָѣֶҲ̲סͷļЦôõȡӦеЧ
ڵ̤ԪĴţ
ſ죬ֶԪ뵤蹬ڣȴͻȻϸ΢Ķ
ֶõֶһɫ˲Ǻ죬زо蹬֮ڵıȻҲʱ򣬳׵һ˿˿ĲƣһΪ
蹬ڣԭıɢȡ֮ģöͬСͬ״ǰ蹬֮Уһɹǿľö֮У¶
ӡӡʦı־
ڳɹԪͬʱֶľȻҲٶȡͻƣ
СԪӡʦ
˶˵˫УȻֶȴǻ˫У
ڵֶʵֱһֿٶȣѸ


һٶʮ СԪӡʦ
ֶͬľ׮һڷ֮Уͻ˫ϲţõֱڱݺеҸ֮УȻףڱ綼ֻδ뵽˫˫
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λǰʱֻƽͷĹڱ飬ȻҲЩȻԪʯʱһ˵ǹڵѣ̬ȴΪ䵭ԴˣǵҲΣϾ̻ᣬ׳󶥼֮һȰҲȻ
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ǰĽУֶҲ𽥵̽κͨʵߣԪСԲƺûеôԵ

ֶŲԪڰգ·ǺۣһĿⶢκͨһȻ˶ԷĵߣǾ͸ֵˡ
蹬֮ڣöڴ˿̾ҵĲһɹۻľԴԴϵӿֶǰ
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ֶʱǿ̨ϵҴʦȴһ㶣Щ޷ŵǵӰ⾫ǿȣֱǳѰĶӡʦܹӡʦ
ڶྪ㵵Ŀ⣬ֶûʱᣬؿۻľ󣬽۳һת׶״ľ
ǵεɲǣ·κͨɫҲǱЩѿֶľǰȻǿֹ
ңܹۿļ׶ϣǸоһּΣյϢ
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ڵԪޱıκͨϵҲŨ


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ʱķûȡ̫Чԣڡ롱ʱκͨǸоԺ֮УȻľʹǾʴԤס

УκͨͷзĲҽĺˣĹȻûԪǰֱӣȴܹ֮£ݻľ񣬶һһ˵ľɢҲû˼ʬһ㡣
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ֶĶͬҲǱκͨҲһӲǲԺ־ʹ֮УһȣеԪ֮Ͼۼһͬһ쵯ȷ磬ֶԴ
κͨƴˣֶûֹסΣӡӡٱãɵʱ΢΢һͣǼӡҪʩչӡأκͨƴһս

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ʵʰĵɫӡոֶۣ¶ɷһصκ֮ͨϣ
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ųмɲǼƴײˣ̨ϣ˶ȻӣǶףһУȻֳʤ
ֻǲ֪ʤߣֽǺˣ


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ǿԪԳ糱ˮıӲĵ棬ڴ˿̴ѣʯݵĵΧľһ
ųǵ׺ݶ̨ϲ˶վӣĿͶԪ֮
죬صͬڴ˿̱ЩȻֶǱˣǱϾԺ£ڵҪǿжԸһεκͨȷЩΣա
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ֶ˵ȷеʵȴﵽԪСԲκͨ⣬Ͼ߿ɲǰͰˮĽɱȡ
Ȼǰֶκͨ뼤սʱɽе뷨Ҳǿʼ𽥵ɢΪֶûͬԤ֮еĲҰܣһƾŽթֶǿľλΪģκͨվ
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ֶһֱǽκͨһȭͷСѪˣ˭˶Ȳˡ
ȷκͨǲҲǳ˴ξֶּʤ

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ڵǳ󲻾ãѪҲͬϵڧң˵ѪǰѹƣȴȻķѣĻ̻̣ûʱ䣬׳Ѫţɢȥǵĵ̣Ǳ˷ܵľϷ֡
ֽ֣Ѫǰŭ޿κΣֻ󶥼ͷǿеռһЩ̣ȴȻ޷ѪŽɢĽ֡
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ּܹʵκͨɱҫ
ֶ֮ƣּңܰڣЩǰ֮ףʵҪģ

׳ƫһׯ԰ׯ԰ţٻ׮㴣ּ׳ǵ¾ȻѾ㽫ת׳ǣŵȻǱز٣ڻ˲ٵĴۺƬׯ԰Ǹա
ׯ԰һƬľСԺֶĵּҵĵλҲԽԽߣܹȴҲ˷ԣϾֶĻּң»򣬱һССлѹš
ĵԺУֶһʯϣ˫۽գԪ󲨵Ϊһ˿˿ԪѸٵ֮С
µǱޣʮǳױֶͨתʱҲƲġԪ֪ǿ˶١
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ڽּҵؼֶҲǰнһö顱ĸХХԪڵʵ츳ֿҪǿϲ٣˵˭лԪĻǱȻǷĪԣ⡰顱ҲֻХʹãܹȡЧ

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ֶЦеС׵ĺëϷʱһλŮͻȻСԺ֮⣬
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ԣֶһɻһνӵҴʦںߣһֱ൱ľأ±ǵ˵ͷ


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ֶС׵Դһ㣬Ȼ߽ԺλĿ¶趢ԼĻֵλ֪ͨһҴʦ˵ֶ
ֶԱλҲЩؿһۣȻҲ˵׳Ǵ÷з֣Ȼһ˱ǵ˵ͷ˽Ժκ󣬷ų֣ʦ룬
ֶ˵ͷСױǽԺ߽ԺֶŷԺΪ𣬳İϢ
ңĴԺУŲٵˣõֶе𾪵ǣЩˣȻȫǷʦ
⾿ʲôط
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߽ݵʱֶǸоһ˿˿ϸ΢ľͬ֩һı鲼ŷÿһ֪ЩҴʦУ˼ںȻۣһһȻǼΪڱӡԺС
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Ǻǣôɡ
ҴʦҲ΢΢һЦյ˫ۻһͫû˿еû֮ɫ쳣䣬ǡ
ֶص˵ͷȻֱϯضԣСҲǰſĸоǰȥˣӵżΪǿ
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ҴʦһϯȴõֶɫЩԴӵ֪˱ϡ֮󣬱ǽڲţû뵽ⶼǱǰ
ľ츳⼸֮мǿˡҴʦЦЦȴûͣ
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ֻǸ㡮ƪǰ֮ѣ㲻ʲôľ֮д˳ɾͣȫԼĹͣ޹ءҴʦЦص
㣬ҲȷֻǴھĳΡ
ԸŴʦָ㡣ֶɫ֣
Ǻǣʵ˵Ҳòȥ
ʦǫˣӡʦ׳ǿķʦֶæ
ӡӡҲֻǸտʼѡҴʦ̾һ֪ӡʦ֮ʲô
ֶ֪ʵʵҡҡͷǸΣ˵еңԶ
ӡʦֱ֮ΪʦΣӡӵԣһεǿߣһɷɽɵ˽֣һһɽǿа𡣡
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ѰƿأʶܹﵽһˣָʦҲǷëǰĴڡ
ʦ֮ͬŸǿߣֻǸΣңֻĻη
һη֮ɫҴʦֶĬĬص˵ͷУȴͻȻ
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еĳзʦеĳûУȻһЩƽ̬һЩ鷳ǿжʦ¡ңºڸҵĲ±ֹҲ˳һĵĹ涨Ǳ

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Ǵʦ˼ǣֶҲǿЦСص
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ЦȻҲǽթ֮ͽлδȫʱâǶȻбֶ

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˭ȻôͣĶ֡
ӦҲ׳ǵķʦɣ
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ԭֶȻ氡

Χڶ˽ȴɫ쳣ѿһλǵķʦҪݺݵ˦Ƕˣôңһѱˣֱ͵ʴף

ԼııڵѪΪϡԼ۸ҲǼΪİΪ˴ǰǰܹ˽ԪʯȻڣΪĶȴǱֱֶӵսƷˣǼɵֶǹֶΣƴˣղҲҪȥѡ
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ҴʦΪǹɢľ񲨶еʱλڵڰ˲ֶ蹬ڣҲǷ˾޴ı仯ԭУǲ֪ʱںϵһһɼΪǿľ񲨶ɢ
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ʯ֮ǰֶ˫ǳ貵ĴˣƬ̺֮ɫŰžļɢ

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ڸеʱֶɫͻȻ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ̧ͷĿضǸ˸Ӷ͸һ˿ϢķģǰûвǽϵĹϷģȻ蹬ڵıһ˿֮
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СǶνΪľηֶҲǴд㵣ϲǱö
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֪ؼƺһаöҵһλӵǿߣǼһʵŽпֲȫʢʱڶ֡С
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ϾεԸɽĴԲǿ߰


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µķֶѿʱͻȻѸתת䣬һɼǿľ񲨶ҲǶȻɢ

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˭Ԫ֮ΪҪĶĸأܹκõĻᣬԪ˴ˣĺ֢пܣǳױϣ
ԣ浽ͷȻĻûһԪǿߣ׵ؽԪٳ
ҲΪˣڿһĻʱ̱˾κˣرɽͷƤըĳ嶯ʵ޷ţƾֶһ֮ȻܹʵεƵֵز
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µֶĿ⣬̱Ͷǽ֮ڼŽʮɴСĴӺҲһĨ֮ɫ
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ô㷨εڵȻǼأ˿ȴס˾ʹƼæһУһöԪǻҳأ˵ֽſɶԪȴǾܶ
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ԪڰջһĻߣɿضεȻԪٶεʱһΪģĹӰͻȻֶצӰӰ̽һԪεʱԪץס
ԪץסһεɫǾƴĴ߶ԪǵӰӵ
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Ȼ״̬εȻû취ڴ˿̻عⷵգرǵצ֮ͻȻֳһڶĶʱԪֱӱһ˽ȥ
ԪǺڶɵɲǣεɫ˲ɫѪһ̣ʧȥ˶ԪĸӦ
Ԫʧȥ˵ȻڱֳӯҲѸٵε壬оε֪һΣǳ׵׵군ˡ
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⻰Ǽεǰһڣ̧ͷԶİգλŰµŮӣЦӳâЩâʱһɺѪ
𣡡
һһӰҲڷ׷ɱŵĺ֣ÿһǺӰ˦һӰѿ
һһ浹ɱ
ɱ˲֪ٶֺǵȻҲǳζ
ߣ
εƴͷǴɭ֣֪β군ˣҲǳ׵׵ɽ֮С
εܣЩʣµĵˣҲɥʧ˵ֿ׷ɢѪǰڵǣҲû취ˡ
ӵĵֶüͷһ壬׷ɱһģӰͻȻӶȻܽС
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ϤԪֶǵһȻֱǽ֮ǬʧȥԪεɽ߲ȥ
ȻıǼһˡǰٻӰֿɶֶǰտɫĿУ˸һЩ֮ɫû뵽ֶȻεˡ
ȻΪ֮е㵵ģһԵأҲ죬֮ϵ֮ɫ޷Ρ
ֶȻƾһ֮һλԪԲǿߣ
࣬ĿŹֵֶļǵãڰ֮ǰֶлһκͨƵýͷöȻڡȴܹԲǿߣ
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ڣų׵ףΪʲôԼ𣬶ǻֶ˵Ŀأԭһһ̥
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ֻôһǳ׷ˡ
ֶеǬȻĿ⣬ͶѾ֣ͣɫΪɽЦеص
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һʮ ҹɫµĻ
ɽ֮УҵĳŵɢҲ𽥵üĿ˵ǰǷս̻˲٣ѪǰͬˣΪҪģŵĲҰܣѪǰҲǱʧȥʿǰƾ棬˲Ϣ䵴Ȼ޴档
ɽһܿˣεӵʱѾףⳡԭܹɹ̻ıɱ֣֮Ǳֶĳ֣׵׵ƻ
ʧȥ˵İæѪǰ޷ƾһ֮ӵ̻ң⻹ֶһԻ񡭡
ǰֶεĽ֣ɽҲǿһЩ˵ʵڵģУǶʮһ˿⣬ʵε£ֶȻܹεƳǱģôͬģҲܹҲƳ
ֽǷǰɽֻ֮ԱǣڵһμֶʱȻЩߵȴδ̫УһԪδˣһָܹ׵
Ȼ飬õɽʼ𽥵ֶΪһĳɳٶȣѾЩԼܷΧɼ׼ɽͻȻֱֶӴεʱģȻ̲סЩ
ڣǸ֮Աǵ꣬ǳɳ濹ĵز
ܣâӡɽӣԵ粻ΧѪǰĿ£ǰɷ֮ɢĿŵضǰЩѪ̻ɽδڣҲͬһ㣬ʼɢ
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˵ͷЦտʼҶ㼫俴ֶҲǸеЩɣǺǣڿĿǳˣһպطǳ֮ԺɾͣԤϡ
Ŀ𽥵شҹɫջأһٵòһӣ֮ϣȻӿȻɱ⡣
߰ɣ׳ǣѪǰҪǳ׵׹׳ǣ


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ֶֿɶĵػصӪʱȻһƬ𻺻ţ֮ǰƬ֮أֱȻͬ硣
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Сһһ㶼ͣεҡҡͷƺֶ֪ȥʲô
ԣֶҲֻٶȸЦ
ˣȥЪϢɡʱҲû취˵ʲôֻܻ˻ֶ֣״ҲѸ
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ڴˣĸֿ߰ɶ΢΢˵ͷĿƳһֶ񣬵ʵȷǿǷһУҲܹŽǰʮᣬֶٲҪһͷˡ
ϼһܹôǺø̾һеǶŲСĽ
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峿ɽʱֶҲٶȶֳģȻǲ֪ҹֶֿɶ͵͵ܳȥһҵĴս
ǽյѰ·ɽ֮ҲǱ˲٣ϵ˵ɫȴأɽ޺УҸĽɫвȺǶǵõͷ·
ֿɶ̽·ЩǿϢƺоΪڼźһξʱǻȲŶСƿʱֶòŮЩΪżѷЩޡ
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ԣھһ㼤ҵսͷ޾Уǵڵһʱ䱻С׳ȥ˸⣬ҲǴһ
εϮǱýº沢ûз֣ԼӽʱֶˣǴһȻɭϣһ޴ɽ֮⡣
ɽ岢ûɽ⣬ɫɽӿԼ䣬ܹǱڸǵɽһЩʯĹɫ͸¶
ǱǹĹڵôɽֶҲӹһĨ֮ɫ
š
Цŵ˵ͷЩ̾صɽлзӡڣҪɲףǿ߹Ȼǹ컯õķӡʱôȻǿ
ֶҲǵ˵ͷƾžĸ֪ܹɽλգһЩصĲӦñǷӡԵˡ
߰ɣȥɽŴŲټһڵȴˡЦ
ֶĿɽŴȻǼ˲ٵ񣬵²Щ죬û뵽ȻѾôȵִĹջ󣬻޻˵
һ˼ӿ첽ʮӺ󣬱ǳɽƬӪУƬӪȻڶĶģϾɽΣأʱʱıʵǿ޳ǵӪʵĻԪԲǿ߶ûǵӣԣ˶ǲԼͬؽӪһǿϮĻֶԸ
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ƾֿɶ˼Ϊ˳Ľ뵽ӪأӪֵĳǲɵȻǰ˭Ҳ벻ΣصɽȻôһϼģӪء
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ңҲֶһμԪԲ
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ֶһ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢գ·ֳˣʱʱ̧ͷ죬еڴ֮ɫΪŨ
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֣ţ죡
ֶ̧ͷ򱱷գһâ绮Ƴյǰ㣬ն


һʮ Ĵᶥǿߣ
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ڶĿĺע£âһּΪѸ͵ٶƿնźâӽ˷žȵķ֣һӰȻһͷͨ죬Ϊ񿥵ľӥ
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ӥٶȼʱ˵Ŀ⣬һʱǾӥ֮ϣһϮֶƮԵüΪѣǰʣòΪ֮۷
ӥ֮ϣ΢΢ͷƽˮĿɨ·ӪأȻջĿ⣬ûʲôֵĶ
絽ˣ
Ǿӥ֮ϵӰֳ˶ʱϲصЩЩ֮ɫ
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ֶĿ⣬գҲգضǸվھӥϣŴصӣӺߵĿܹ·˵ƽ˵һӡ
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˵ֶҲòϣ죬ȷѵһĿУǵʣҲǶһġ
µӥֶĿ⣬ضһӰƬ̺󣬷ŻתµĳӥͫǶȻһ
ʹԪʵ֮ӥƣһӵһЩӥϲĻСӿ̤컯
ٺ٣䣬ֶ̤֣ɲһǿСҲڴ˿ֶ

˻ֶͫҲȻȼʲôǷ۴Ҳһǿߣ
ֶ죬Ŀִֵþ̵ضǵӰȻ󻺻شĿ⣬ڵ궮ʱ˵̤ϣһ죬ûأ
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ͷµ£δ𽥵ӽԣжǿ
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״Ҳˣ
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û뵽˾ȻסֿɶϵĽɫǹԸص
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׵ʵӦξһµĽɫǹЩӦһ߼鱦д鱦ǿߣҲܹһսСҲֶ
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ЩˣȻǴ񰡡ֶпЦһôͼ鱦ûЩˣȴܹһ
Ǻǣû뵽ξȻһǰϣĿҲ׽µĽɫǹɨɨȻЦ
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Цո£ߣȴǻشһЦ֮죬һâ֮߷Ӷ˲Ϣ䣬ǳ֮ϡ
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Ƿ֮ϣһλ΢ЦĿÿ죬ģ춼ѷһֳһȣȶţ͸һֹš
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ֿɶֶٶĬĬͷ
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ֶ˷ۣûС˵ʲôܴ֮УЩ˵һȴǱ꣬ţԺЩ֮ӾԽ
ⲻвŮļһﾹȻҲ֣٣ȻķҲǴ˳׼ȫƳһٺЦ
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ֶԺУͬɤʱ˶ݵĻűǻعбӿһĨȻæ̧ͷȻһԶΪһ
֮ϣһߣбɴգһԷˮ͸ӣȴõƬأ˲


һʮ Ʒ
Ůǳɫȹü𣬼ѩأɴڵϣΣΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
Ůӣʾɫغ
ֵɽţҲڴ˿̱üž£˵Ůűɴڣֵȴ¶ջߣõ˺޲һѽǱɴ˺ðٻȻľɫò
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ֶĿ⣬ǳ㣬̤ȹŮӣȴ̲סһŮУз飬ǰŮǰȴȻԲ
˵Ůɤ飬ȻֶȴδǶ峺ˮУᣬеģһ̵ľǧĮ
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Ůˣ˪ŮӣҪԶԸ
Ů˭ˣֶƫͷֿɶ
ǡ
ԣֿɶüҲ΢΢ЩɻŮӵòʣж̲סһ˿֮⡣
ŮͷƺС˴ǻǰ֣ƺǽھʲôͷͲܹ֪ˡһԵϣڴʱ˵
ܹǰﶼĿŮģȻʲôͨݡֶ΢΢ͷ૵
ǺǣԭˡϣҲǳ̤Ů΢΢һЦģҲ֪һЩߵݡ
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ʯ⣬˿ԴԴ˺۳ȥǰģͬɫжǼǰһ㣬ַĸо
ֶĿʯǰɨɨûмֿɶˣȲس˹ĹֶҪģɲڽ˹ĹһĻֽš
˵ʵֿɶ֪һЩʯԼСڵܣЩ֪ܲ;ܡ

һֶҲ͵һĻС৵һǻԾԾֱӳʯ֮
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һĻֶҲǺٺЦһһתֱǼΪϡٵǹ鱦
ȻС˵ˣ⿴Ʋ۵ǹ鱦鱦֮Ǳǿģǽգ˵ʲôҪ֣
뵽˴ֶƳһͬǱǹ鱦ȥλǿߣӹһĨ֮ɫ
ⶫҪˣ


һʮ 
Ӱֱڰеǹ鱦ȡ
ֶĿɨȻߵһλϣǴӺۻԪõֶʵԪԲ
ˣֻǴСԲ˵ֶ˵ȴû̫вԡ
öǿߣ
⻹ֻٵһȦǳһλԲλСԲȼᣬֶͷ̲סؾ̾һ
̾龪ֶ̾ȴ˿δ˵Ԫǿ߶ܹǿͿգԶ޷ﵽֱֿӽԪ۳ɸĵزգԣҲԶԶȲžֶ
½âһֶαٶȼ٣̼䣬ǽӽǱɢŵǹ鱦
Сӣ
󷽵ˣֶһȣʱŭһ̧ĵ׺ԪǱӿݺݵغֶ󱳡
ߣ
ӿ׺磬ֶҲһߣһۻľںγһƬĵԪ¡
ݣ
ڵ˵Ĺʱֶָһ㣬ıǬзӶˣ৵һҿһʱǸЩæңϾڰգ޴ҲԵЩ׾
æҼ䣬ֶҲǿǹ鱦һѶźץ˹ȥ
ˣ
ֶƸոմǹ鱦ʱȴǶȻһɼǿķȻؽֶȥ
䣡
ǹ鱦ȻԶܣֶҲһ鱦Ȼӵȱ¡
䣡
һץ޹ֶץһΪҵԪͻȻٶԺӿõɫҲһתͷȴǼλԲӣĿ¶׹ض
СӣٹĪҪº֣
ɷģֶҲ̲סЦһ˿δ˵ϻһֱ۶
ף
û˿ǰԼ̽ȵʱУֶľһֱ֣ʩչΪǿĹ
һϸСԷ֮зٴ;֮״Ҳɫ䣬δϵֶܹʩչǿĹ¼æתԪǰɿۡ
飡
Ԫ۳ɷʱϸСǱӶͳıըӵ±һѪ˳ҲأȻ˲ˡ
Ѹٻ·ĴԲǿߣֶҲûʲô˷֮ɫѸתͷٶȶǹ鱦ȴǶȻ֣һԲԶңǹִȻǱǹ鱦
˼ǹ鱦У
һĻֶҲ΢΢һĿתȻɫǱΪǳ֮ˣȻλ̣
˲ȥǵ鱦Ҳ⿴Ʋ۵鱦ѵҲ˶ߣֶĿ⼱˸ɫҲǱ粻
ֶɫʱǲԶҲǵؿһۣев֮ζΪŨȻòҪҳ֡
ģǲˣ鱦ҿˣҵģ
ֶɫǹ鱦ͬС˵ǰǱĻǾ;ֵðһ߼鱦ļֵֶȻж󣬵Ĵ壬ܹõֵģҲֻ˶ѡ
С㶯ס鱦ֶеͺȵһ䣬ǻִһֱǽ̵ǵȥȻһٶǹ鱦
СӣôĵֶȻǳˣ̵ɫ˲׹ĴԪǰۣΪһ׺ƥӡݺݵغֶ󱳡
Ȼ̵Ĺֶȴûаͷļ󣬾ӡֶʱһϺڹâͻȻ󣬻ΪһתϺУһڱǽĹ˽ȥ
СӣЩֶΣ
һĻõҲ΢һ£΢һһԲ״Ķ˸ӨӨУģƺһ鱦
أ
Բһ֣ǷתһĹ󣬻Ʒ֮
ȥ
һ㣬Բ̱ǱӶٶѸ͵ÿ£һֱ£Ǳ˺ѳһߣӰӶ޷̣ǳֶ󷽣Ǽľ磬ЩͷƤ飬鱦ô
ͣ
ֶ𾪵ҪʱСҲһϺڹֶһճʰ㣬ֱǰ˸ӫ̰˽ȥ
ͣ
̱ճϺɫĹâʱһ֮
һĻ̵Ҳ¶˾֮ɫΪоǼ鱦֮ϵȻڱǹϺڹâʴȥ鱦͵óױˡ
뵽˴ҲǼæһ̷֣ţŴǶϺڹâɻʱӫ⣬࣬ȻܴС
üһ
ֶҲΪһĻһȻû뵽СȻֶΣŲٶһѽǹ鱦ץС
ˣ
ֶץסʱ鱦ٶ˴ֶȴ׼Ԫģ鱦ŰҲץס
ֶ˵֣鱦ȴԽԽңԽ
ˣ
ֶҲɫ࣬ôľ̶ˣǰ鱦ϣҲ̫˰ɣ
鱦飬ΌκˣʹԪ߶ѪеʯֶʱСͻȻ
ԣֶ̺ɵתԪȻѪ֮еʯ
ˣ
Ԫոչʯ߱΢΢һ£һΪϸ΢һĲҲ˳Ĵ󲨼Ƿ鱦֮ϡ
ոǹ鱦˲Ȼֹӫⶼǵȥ䣬ֶ·ǸоǴ鱦֮ɢһֿ־֮⡣
ڵֶû˼ȥ鱦λɢڼǹ鱦ڱշͷҲǱϲ֮ɫ⣬һ̽ǬС

һ鱦ֶ֣ͷſ⣬úȻ̲סеĳ죬Ц
Сӣ鱦ǲǼ鱦Ҫ޷߳Ĺ
ȻֶЦո£һ̺żŭǴӲԶ


һʮ ۹
ֶȴɫ䣬תŲԶɫ̣صᱦۣ֮ˣ¡
СӻҽƱ磡
żŭ֮ɫһʱ䣬ǲٽų֣ղֻǶս˶ݵһʱеḺ́ȥ鱦¾͵÷ˡ
鱦ⶫֻͼ鱦˵ҲΪĶ˵Ĵۺ񣬵ҲŲ٣Ŀһݣ̣ڷ˺ôľŵ֣㴴ˣܹۣ
ߣǱֶеǹ鱦ƾһЩ۹⣬Ҳܹһ㲻֮ûͬһ㣬ֱӶǿǿĵ鱦˶εֻǹ鱦
ԭΪƾʵټ鱦ֲѣ۵£ȴõðǣ͵ʴף
̵ԣȻ̲ȥģ
ֶĿƽض̣ԪȴתȻͻȻһգǰǱǹ鱦ǳУһҧ⣬һھѪͬʱӿžѪֱеǹ鱦֮С
ˣ
žѪǹ鱦֮У߱϶ʱӯӯâǹâʢԭȥ۵鱦˸Ĺâ壬Ҳǳ˲Сı仯
ԭ鱦ںģֻģǹ״ģ˿̣ȴ쳤˲٣ģҲǴֲڵǹΣһꪣ
ְ֮ͨɫֱꪱ֮ϣƬ·ꪼ⴦мɭɭâңмϣϸСƬЩƬɳ״ǱУǵɱǺεȵľˡ
ֶͻȻģ鱦ҲЩ֮ɫ趯ĿǱ˺ѵ죬εз磬ǸŵһЩ룬ȻǼӲĵذһЩۼ
׹ꪣ
ֶĿ⿴ꪱֻڶƬ֮䣬ĸԹӴ塣
һ۹ꪣ
۹ꪣֶͷЩӿԲǿߣҲԶɶв
˶㾹¾Ѫӡ
ֶľٶΪѸ٣˵鱦ɱʱ̷Żعһڵøһǰ۹ꪣֻ֮˭һ¾ѪӡǱܹΪ鱦֮ڡȻֶǳ׵ռ鱦
˵ǽأȻܹĨѪӡȴԵüΪ鷳ˡ
ŭ֮£ǲ˿ĳɣһӣṉ̀ǷתһȦĹ棬ΧΣɢżΪǿĲ
ȥ
ɫһӣͷתḶ́ݵһ˺ѿһּ˾˵ٶȶֶиȥǰѰԲǿߣֻܱâ
ߣ
Ƶ̻ǲģֶҲһߣԪӿ۹һ𣬰ɫĹâꪼΣȻڰջһ켣¡¡ı첻ֱͣǺõǱĹ֮ϡ

Ӳ𻨱䣬һɾ˵ĳҲԽӴӿ˺ѴԲǿ߷Ḷֱ́ӱֶһõɶ
ǿҵķ͸ꪼ⣬ҲӿֶЩڵִꪱʱЩƬȴͻȻ䶯ֱؽЩȫȥ
鱦֮죬ȻǷͬ졣
̵ֱֶ֮Ḷ́䱾ȴ˿ɢصİõ̼ǳΪΪעĿĴڡ
ʱĴڣ鱦֮ڻн鱦һҲ˸ԵĹ
̴磡
Щˣ鱦֮ĻҲǷֵֶ̣رǼ̵Ĺ̾ȻǱֶķʱиӿ֮ɫ
СҲһ鱦
ȺˣĿͻȻֶ۹ϣʱ˫۱Ǳó̰
ǿ鱦
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һˣе̰֮ɫŨܹõ۹ꪵĻ֮ͬУ¾ûܹ俹ˣ
С鱦һ֣ɱӹһĨ֮ɫͻȻȵ
ȻЩеλͣĺж˺â±Щ裬һſ飬Ҳǵһθˡ
ƵʮλĿⲻƵֶҲȴûо⣬ƽ۹ꪣһƣɢ
̣ʲô
Ȼ̵ԶʱһͻȻֶǼֿɶˣҲѸٶ
ֿɶһƬĿҲֶе۹϶˶٣ֳˣ봹ѣΨֿɶãȻǼΪֶȻܹõ㱦
ֶˣɲɱɱģֿɶתͷ̣
Ŷҿδ˵ڣһһֶˣԣɫ΢Ц
ֶ˵ֻǷּ֮ˣҲǿ塣ַһͻȻڵ
ٺ٣ּ֮ˣֿɶʲôʱôˣһķּ֮ˣҲܱ˵֮ˣ⻰̷ǹЦһ
ֿɶתͷݺݵعַһۣȻ󵭵صЩܣҲ֣㹻ˣҪǰɱ͵⵶ͬͬˡ
˵Ż£ֿɶһ̧ԣǱֶǼһۺĶ̵ȴǳһǿ˿ֶ۹ģƺǱ鱦С
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ֿɶǰɢžĵɫҲǱüΪѿҲû뵽Ǳ鱦ȻֿɶУһЩӵ鱦ֿɶĶˣңһԣһΪ۹ꪶսǵֶ
棬ֲ˰ĺô
˶ٵţҵĶɲôģ
ٳҪ³
ƲˣҲֻͷŭݺݵؿֶһۣȻһͷһɼһҲЩʣջֻ㬵ĸȥ


һʮ 
ȥ̵ˣֶҲǻһǣڵʵҪԪԲǿ߲ѣЩһȻʵҲ͸ֳַǲֶ࣬˵ûв
ֶ԰µ棬ֳǴѵĿ⣬ֽе۹ǬȻֿɶ˹֣лˡ
Ҳ̫ˣǽʱɻһءֿɶҲպǰ鱦Цص
ϰһˡֶЦЦ
ûֶξȻôȻܴн鱦֣ѹǱȵβ͵èһ㡣ֿɶҲ⣬ȻЦ
öѡֶЦŵҲϾ࣬Ŀ⿴һͷĹ̵ͨҲǶǸȥģǻģҪȡĺô
Ƕ뵽ĹˣЩ鱦˵ɲ󡣡ֿɶ
ֶ΢΢ͷ죬ڸڵĵλм鱦ȷ޷ͣ½ŲϾǹĹ˵ŸΪı
ǴһᣬٽأҪһôһԵϣЦʵ
ԣֶһƬ鱦֮Ѿ󲿷ֵˣͣظĹһЩ鱦֮ϵˣĵĺڣûʲôջǣȻǲԸôȥֱǺԥĳ˸һʱ䣬Ƭ㳡Ǳһһ㡣
Ƚȥ㿴һû취Ļˡ
һĻֶЦЦ˵˴ջ㲻νġɷѡҲδѰ˴ĹĿ֮һѰĻ̴ҲΣ֮С
ԣڿɻܳˡ
ٶֿɶͬУֶЩܣԼֿɶлһ£ֳˣرַ壬ǰһ˵ǰ㻰޷Ǳ̶֣ݼһֶʵڲԸٴͬС
ͷʱֶĿҲǲźۼؿ˿ַ㣬һЩɱ⣬߷·ҲӦϵıҲЩӲĵ
ֿɶҲģֶɫ׺߶ַ൱Ҳֻ̾һȻִĻǱɣСġ
ֶ΢Цŵ˵ͷֿɶ֣ȻŴһڣԶСҲԣϻǻΪһ磬ֱǳ˲Զͨͨ
СԽԽˡֶԶȥӰַ㲻ɵõЦ
죡
ո£ֿɶǶȻתͷֶʵᣬȻܹʣʱǰ;ȥ汻ˣǾҵģ
ֿɶһǳ⣬ַҲɫһһףֿɶԼʵǲҷֻ㬵ر͡

ֿɶѵַʱֶȴ֪飬̤ͨ߶ʱһƬΪĵشǰƬĵشУľ޴ľ׮Щľ׮𣬽ܵĿһ𣬷ѳڶľ׮ͨģҲ֪ͨ
ֶҲΪֵεת㶣߽ͻȻĵϣһЩֺɫ֫״һƣƺһ˵ĶϱֻۣϱͨڣҷȻǾңڶϱ棬һЩµķġ
ǷһЩǿ߶ϲһ棬ؼңǲֶΪⶫʱС
ֶ
˵ȣ£ϱۣµȶ㲻ϣֻ˵ǲдƷһЩϵȷ̤컯ǿ߶ʰң˵ϵȷϣһЩ߼ķҾͲ̫ˡ
ڴ֮⣬һЩصĴɣרԿƷЩһƵķŽпֲһҾͼһλǿ߱˺ˡ
ǿ߸˺ˡ⻰ֶ̾е㵱ʲôôֲȻǿ߶ܻɱ
ֶƬ̣Ȼ޷ַжôĿֲֻܿЦҡҡͷ֮磬ҲϡŹ֡
ҪѰҩĻǾ߰ɣǱƺһЩҩСǷȻû̫Ȥ󣬱ָ·
š
ֶͷȻСף߱Ĵ˳ȥ
ٵĴͬľ׮صУֶҲǷ;Ųٵķ֫һŴ򶷵ĺۼӦڴ˵֡
ڽ·;УֶҲһЩЩ·̣ӲļһףΪʲôضǶ֫ˣַʵ̫һ㣬֮⣬ƺֻΪӵ³
˼ֶֻʧȥȤСףٶٶȼӿ졣
ȻС׵ȫٱ£ֶľ׮ͨ㱼ʮӣǰĵ·Ȼûоͷ
е㲻Ծ
״ٶȳӣֶСͣɫصصоƺһֱתһ·ȻӰûЩ򶷺ۼڵĻֶΪֻһˡ
һ󷨡СҲڴ˿̲һߣֶֶĿĴɨɨεص鷳ͷЩ˵ˡ
ô죿ֶͷѵһֱȥôǳɣ
̽һ£ȻҶ󷨲Уľ׮ӦҲ㲻øС˰צӣȻ˫ۣţһɼΪϸ΢Ĳɢ
ǰٲ
̽Ƭ̣Сٶۣצָָǰ
ԣֶҲǽŽɵǰٲȻ˿Ȼûоͷǰ̯̯֣ô죿
ǰ棬ֵڰ˸ľ׮С

ֶ㶣Ȼԭ·ǰ棬࣬ǰ·ֻε˵ġ
뵽ԼȻͨôãֶҲǲɵ÷˷ۣƶǵڰ˸ľ׮
䣡
ֶƵ£ǰľ׮ǽڣͻȻԶƶһͨǳֶǰ
Ļء
ֶһŲ߽ȻǺܶľ׮ǽڣ˾ֶҲͲٻңٶƿͨһѵǳС
ľ׮ֶҲһ߽УȻ΢΢һΪƬѵУȻŲٵķϰ֮
ûõķٶҲǰ衭ֶһۣҡҡͷ
ȻЦ׼̤ƬѵʱСȴͻȻ
ûʶļһЩȫµȷսɲԪԲǿߡ
ֶո̤ĽŲ˲佩ӲȻͷƤȻԪԲķһϰٸ
ģⲻвô
ֶջؽӲĽŲǰѵͷƤ顣


һʮ еȷ
ϰʵԪԲķʲôһӵϳ¾̤ξǿߣֻݱܷâɣ
ԣֶС⻰ʱ¾ֵͷߵĳ嶯ȻţȴäĿĿڵʵҪһλԪԲǿ߲ѣҪϰλǾڳ˵ˡ
ʲôЩȻпԪԲʵǱϵġֶ̻̼䣬СɵóЦ
ϵģֶһ㶣ĿϸؿЩȻǷûа˿
ЩõЩɢ޷ãȥˣʵҲһЩˣ߰ɡ
ԣֶԵһ߽Ƭŷѵ˵ˣȻǼΪСģһգ۹ꪱٶȳУ˸ŰĹ󣬶һֶ֣ͷ̤ʵһЩ
žĳУûаΨֶϸ΢ĽŲķ֮УΧЩҲЩһЩͻȻ˵ĻɾЩˡ
ңûзСȻϲ˵ĻŲ͵ĿŶȡ
͵ķӣԼûгʲôֶҲ˳ĴжƬѵһͷʱĵһ̧ͷǰŨҩζڴɢ
ֶǰģһƬ峺׵ĺˮǺˮλãһƬʯɵСأСУŲٵҩҿģƷʽǲ͡
һĻֶҲӿһĨϲ⣬ҩԣĿһɨȻҩڵһɫҩҩģһС̾ᣬŨ֮͸ĳϣǸһ㺮ȥΪء
ɷѣ
ɫҩֶӿЩ֮ɫǧңǽⶫҵˡ
ֶһ˿ӶƮƮĽǡɷѡضϣװǱõڡ
õˡɷѡֶҲظĴҩҩеҩƷʶֶͣ׳Ƿ˺ôľǿõƷҩȴʮ꣬ңҩؾеλãǻżŨֻǱضϵĸȻǱ˽ȵǡ
õҩǱȡߣֶҲֻεҡҡͷ£±˸ɵˣܹǶפȡҩȻʲôѰ֮ҵǣɷδȡߡ
ƷҩҲˡ
ҰοһȻֱֶӶ֣ҩڵҩƷΣȫߣǣ̶ӺԭïܵҩأǱùͺͺֻǵɫĳˮɢŵҩζ
Ҳֲֶ̰Ͼû죬̣ʵȫҪԼЩҩǿϣֶ˵ȻΪı

һֶ꣬Ҳǳһ̧ͷǰѾٶȱƬʯţܹоǣҲǰԶˣ˵ӦҲǹĹڲشˡ
ҵҪ棬ʲô
ֶĿ΢΢˸ȴûоʹȥ޷ǿᱦȴǺ֪ǵõʲô
һ£
ȻֶǰʱСͻȻֶĿⲢûпǰǶǱֶϴһյҩء
ôˣֶҲǱľٶһ㶣Ŀ⿴˿ɫҩأȴûзʲôɻʵ
ҩƺе㶫СҩأͻȻצһӣǳˮתһˮ
ҩĳˮѸٱҩҲ¶˳صףȻֶǼǳص׵УȻһͭɫͷ­Ƿ
һ״ֶʧҡҡͷ
٣Сӣе㲻򵥣ӦеȷɣսԸξǿС
еȷֶһҡҡͷеµȣһǷ
ˣɲǷɻãСЦһһէģ߷ڵĶǽȫֻȱ߶
ܷߣֶĿһ
Сצһӣֱǽ֮еķȻͶˮϴһŷֶǰ
ĸ߶ȣԼңֳһͭìȥΪĿֵ࣬ͨɫ·һĲƣϣҲһΪӵ·ֻۿλãȴ޹⡣
Ǵ߷ͱֶǰЩǿ
СצӵڷͷʱһУֻУտҲûκεĶ
ӡѾɢлãʹþڴ˴ӡС
ԣֶʱϲһ˿ѸͶȦ֮УһӡӡĳɹֻͭĶͷϣҲǳһϸ΢ӡǡ
ˣԺˡ
ֶǿϲ֮ɫô򵥵ıǸ㶨һսξǿߵķˣ
ϲ䣬ֶҲзһָȻָǰķȴȻһ
ô£һĻֶɵȻ
Ҳ˵ôû߶С˷ۣ
ֶգգ۾ͻȻоЩԾСص⣬Ҫȥξǿ߶ֵĻҪ
ĻֱӽԪɣҪξǿһĻӦҪǧöԪɣǵãֻǷһιҪҪֵôԪС̯̯צӣ
һιǧöԪôȥ
еĲԾڴ˿ֶ̽ǺܻغһǧöԪһιģǣеļҵȥҲֻʮι
⹷ƨ˭ĵ𰡣
Сӣ㵱ξǿߵһôʮϰ˵ܵһֻǧöԪܷͬǿĹ㻹֪㣿СЦֻУôǸоЩֻ
ֶԣΪߵŴǰԭΪһð֣ڲķ֣ԭһǮĻ
ʱۺ˵õ»ᾪϲ񣬵ֶ˵ʱۺǴ˴ڹĹչöԪһιĴԪò
ⶫûʱˣ治


һʮ 
ˣⶫȻ߶۲Сûʱ̶ʹãؼʱû׼ܾءֶЩƵģСɵ÷Ű۵
ǵõеȷ֪˷ܳʲôǧԪʲô
СЩֶҲͷۣɲʲôûʲôȫֻ֧֣һ۵ССּҡ
Ҳգ͵Ǽ˸ɫɡֶ̾һҲС˵߶۲Сʱ򣬻ȷܹȡתǬ֮ЧǧԪСǺ߸ΪֵǮ
뵽˴ֶҲһ̧֣ǬУȻתͷŲԶĴţһҲûԥ˻֣ȶﻺȥССҲѸٸ
߽Ĵţ۵һƬǽ壬ϲŲٵķ֫ҵϵЩۼҲʾһЩ֣ҲӦ
ֶЩǽĹУ˵ûʲôҲûʲô谭ǵøɸɾ֮ǿдݻ١
žУֶʮӣ;ĴԽЩطĴ򶷺ۼԽǼңóЩʵҲԽԽǿټǰ죬ҲǷһЩֽš
գ
ֶĲٶȴһյȴΪǽĴʱĿ⣬ͻȻǰһĻϡ
ͨǵִﾡͷΨǹĻɢ΢ĹֶС߽ǵĻȻߣ˹ĻǰһϣɫֶǰҩõķһģһӦҲһеȷ
ҿ˵ǼΪҵսۼȻ߷սֻȻδǵĲǿдݻ١
ܹξǿеȷδסô
ֶͷǶķҲӹһĨ֮ɫЩһǴһΪ۷ˣʵ˲ò̾
λǿ߷ӡδɢž߱սҲΪˣҲ޷Ϊãʵһлԣǿ߱Ͳ̫ԶˣӡǾ˲ͷȻǿĨġСֶϣ
ֶ΢΢ͷ˵ܹһߴ״̬еȿܣҲǺˡ
ȥӦþǹĹĺĵشˣȥô»ǰЩطΣС˿ǰĹĻ
ֶ˵ͷЦߵˣѵͷɣ
һ䣬ֶδԥŲһ磬Ǿֱ߽ǹĻ֮УĻ䣬αʧ״ССҲǽϵسĻ

߽Ļֶǰǳ˲ĺڰһɲǣ֮ɫǳһɼΪȵĻˣ侪üæתԪס
廤סֶ֮ʱǰĻбӿϾ֮ɫΪǳǰģȻһƬĻ𺣣ǳȵĻȣɴɢ
Щ棬Ҳ黯ɰɣֶü
ټ٣˭˵壬ӦҲһ󣬶һЩŵӡС˿ȻצָģǼһƺҲˡ
ԣֶĿ⼱æ˳ȥȻǼǻ֮УһЩӰڵŻ˵ʴǰΣȻ켸ˡ
ǿĴ󣬾ȻǶǱסˣֶһȻ󡭡Ҳ޷ˡ
Ҳһ󷨣֮ͨСȴǲΪȻצָָǰ𺣣ǻзѶһЩô
ֶ֮ȥſǻ֮УǱָ޻ͨ
֮ͨźЩأһģֶʵ
ٺ٣ЩͨǼٵģ켸ҲţҪЩͨдȥȴΧСЦ
ȫǼٵģֶٶһ㶡
ǰ·ġСצٶǰָһΣûָʲôֱָͨȼյĻ𺣡
ܵĵطܵġֶȻģСһЦȻֶص߰ɣСӣõ㵨
ȼյĻ𺣣ֶЦҪӲͷƤһƬ𺣣ɲһ㵨ܹ쵽ġ
԰ɡ
վԭسһᣬֶڻҧҧߵˣܲȥɣ˵ЩһﶼǱסˣٻС鼫Ϊḻļһͷʦ
˾ֶҲͲٳɣۻԪӿͬʱ蹬ڵľҲǴʱ׼Ӧһеͻ״
׼ȫֶŲ̤Ȼڼ߽ʱٴκݺݵһҧһ˽ȥ
߽𺣣֮еķ֮ʹȴûдֶǽģŶȻһѶͷȴһͷĺˮ
ǰ߱ˡСһĳЦֶһȻ󷽲Żӻצӣ
ֶͷкһСף󲽵ضŻȥΧЩȼյĻ棬ȴǲûٶֶκεĲʣץһѣȴץһ㣬޸о
졣
аһֶӿ첽룬𽥵أҲǿǻϷ켸ڽĵֿǴӻ֮зɳĵһʱ䣬еæңЩùһߴ·ӣԼ뵽˴ĹΧС
ֶڻ֮£ܿˣƺȴ޷ǰߣҲΪˣֶܹڴ޼ɵشš
ס
ֶĿɨϷͻȻ侪һΪ֣λ̤ŮӣȻδڴ˴
ѵҲ˳Ĵ󣿡ֶãСָ㣬ɵƽ󣬵ŮӣƾԼ֮ͨ˴˴δҲ̫ǿһɣϾǿˣҲǱ
ֶɫü䣬ǰĻУͻȻһڵͭš
ͭڵģֶͷ΢΢һû뵽ȻǱдˣϲĻӦñǽ̤Ůˡ
ˣ˵ʲôǵȥ
ͭǰֶһᣬڻǲľʹȥһ˳֮˽ȥ
ֶͭţ֮ɫҲǾɢһʯ֮С
ʯвû̫ݻĲãԵøļ򵥣յģҲû̫İ裬ֶĿ⣬ʯתһȦȻʯĴһûиӵʯףʯ׵ϷһɢŲĹâ
ֶ΢۾Ŀ۽ŹâϣȻԼļǹУһŷ·۶ɵı࣬ţǿűڵԪ·Ҳ֮𶯡
ģ
СЩֶ̾
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ȻֶŲո̤ʱһ͸ſϢĵͻȻⰲʯ
ﲻĵط˳ȥɡ
ֶĽŲȻֹ̧ͷͫ΢ŰգһӰٻӰһ峺ò˿ӣ


һʮ 
λ̤ŮӣֶԵ־֮֮Уһ̶ˮǳɫȹǽġ
ŮӣǴӴɾ뷲Ůһ㣬ӵž˵þĶǣò˼̻ͬʱҲ˸оһңɼ
Զ۶棬
ֶĿ⣬λŮɨɨеľ֮ɫ˺һᣬŻɢȥ
С֣ܴô
ѣŮ˿ȥ䲻󣬵ʵȴǸֲ˿죬֣ҲʤٰܶࡣСصҲȻȫʢ״̬Ȼں£ȴû취ӵ̬
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ҽ񣬼Ȼֶᣬлǿ֮£񲢲ԸΪ֮ԻֶӲҪ⡣
Уֶӯӯһ񣬲˵òĸ֮⣬ֶȴװס
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׳ǣֻ䣬ĵʵҲ㲻ǰλȴǲͬ˵ȥͺϸУȴ
Ůˣ̫
СΪɵ˵Ҳڵʵйء
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˵ֲδǿϵľٶĳֽǶ˵һӣΪţֶкִ㣬ܶ˿Ӱ졣
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ˣ
ɫâĺǹŶʱҵĲһ˿˿ѷȻĸ֣ģȻ޷ƻ
ֲδãŹâһѿŹŵıѣеǿλǿ߱۶ɵɫ࣬ҲǱ¶˿֮С

öĵı¶Ƭʯ֮ڣʱ緺Ԫϫһ㣬˻ˮ
ֶ̧ͷĿȵɢӫıɫ࣬⣬ǹĹ֮ΪıĶ
еĴѣڼ֮ϵʱǱֶ࣬üͷȻĲϣףֵĻ³ɹʲߣңɲΪλǶ֣Ůӣ˵ıǳ׷ԣһһ߱Ȼ
УƯǰһöɫģһգԽ֮ϡ
ͣ
䣬϶ʱ棬ȻҲڻļ
ݣ
һĻȴǲ⣬̧䣬ԽԽɫӳ۽ϡ
ԽԽۣĵڻٶҲѸټӾ磬ԼӺһöģȻȫıһŴɫҺ塣
Һڰջ䣬һɼ˿ֲĲͬʱ䣬ҲһּǿѹЩҺɢ
·ֶѹ£ҲǷ·һ㣬תԪǱûɫǱüΪ
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˸Ŀ⣬Ƭ̣ƽֶɫ΢Щѿǲ֮ɫھȨǵѡס֣ΪԵʣǸоŮˣעһһ
ˣȻ󣬵Ϊˡ
ֶεҰοһ˵ȻеɥҲ޿κΣƲˣӲƴĻûʲôô
ֶʱѽҺ御̴еͻȻתǰߣŵЦֶӵ֮ˣұҪĵӲҪš
ԣֶЦһЩƤЦⲻЦζǵ˵ͷ
ҲֶЦм漸ּ٣ŵ£ϣɢһɫĻ嶼ǰ
Ļ
һĻֶɵõһൽĵطȴëû̵ǰĴȣֱˡ
ֶû취ȻҲһΪǿıҺҲȻڷ
һֶĿֻʯɨɨȻʯףһ£˹ȥȻܵÿûһ㱦ɡ
߽ʯףһ߰ȻƽɵĹǺӦñλǿˣĿ⿴˿߹Ǻ⣬ʧ̾һ
λǰҲ㲻ٶҲպŸˡƳһǹǺֶεȻǶǹǺһݡ
ţ
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֮ƽ֮֮Ϊ⣬δͣػ֮
̶̵һ仰ֶ㶣üͷ˺Ƭ̣ŶȻ˵ʲô˼͵ؿеһӣ̱ǱüȾŹ


һʮ ǿ
ν֮ȻŮⶫ˵ú֮˵ͽ˫֮Դǿ֮ˣлϲʦͽа㡭ͽ
ԣֶĹˣȻǿʱɫʱǼΪٽţĿǿ˰ϵ
Сֶ֪Ĺ˱Ȼǹģ˭ûȥֹױڽȥЩ۵ĺۼѰǲ֪аģôĽǻͬױ˵ػ֮
ĹˣˣҲҪںһѣ⵹õЩ
ֶע£ϵ񣬵ԵΪƽνķ֮ȴûг֣ⲻõֶЩɹױЩּʵԡ
ѵЩµּҲǿ˵ģֶеʧֹһ
飡
Ȼֶֹոµʱ򣬰Ȼһӿæ̧ͷȴǼ֮УͻȻһɹɿ񱩵ǲԴڡ
Ȼ
һĻֶͷʱһ
У¶֮ѩ׼ڴ˿ӿ˵ĺһɼǿϵشںХĹĻ÷
ʱȻҲǷһЩԾĵطбźֻϸַɶһɼǿԪҲڱҪǹŰĴѹƶ¡
˸һ͵ԴԴϵڴó˿һּҵĶԿ֮С
·ֶȻĵʱѹƣҲǲɵðզ࣬Ů˵ʵǿֲ
˵˽֣ϾǶݵģһλǿ֮߱οޣϾ֮һЩ࣬ʶߵĶԿԼҺĻȻǺȻѶȥǱһ㼫ΪĴ֮֡
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أ
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輱˸Ƭ̺ͻȻһҧһתǿ˴˴Ψһһϡ
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ƵڻǶֶ֣ɫҲ΢΢һԪӿ۹֮ϣһɰӰӿصصһЩ֮ϡ

԰ձÿһĽӴֶǸоһɼΪǿķ֮ӿ˵۹ꪻ˲٣ǲµȻǽֱֶüٵˣҲӿ˹ɹ⣬̫֮ࡣ
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ȻСոʱһŵϷʵͻȻյʯֶһæĿͶȥֻʯʯϷһâƯϣΪһӰЦеֶˡ


һʮ Ĺ
Ӱ֮ͨ״Ȼʵ壬ӰȥԼʮңԵüΪᣬӹš
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ǺǣŮӵҲ׺ҵĹǺԼʯ׶ǺƬ˭ԣӲɵ΢΢һЦ
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ʲôĻȴ΢䣬Уһ˿
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һ鱦ģӦǴﵽм鱦ĲΣĵĻǽգ뱦Ҷգ
ɭȻһЦһץɫǹУǹһһɱ۹ꪻҪĽ⣬Ǳӿա
Сӣ֮ǰܼʶּҴ޽ǹҲĸսǹһս񣬽ӿֱ֮
߼鱦ֶǱƲĽǹͫ΢棬ܵһɼΪΣյϢ
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ɫ࣬ǿܹ֮ξǿû˿ʹУȫȻһɱ¾ս൱ļ֡
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ʱ˿̣ȻÿһιǽĴĴԪֶǹ˲ô࣬ƴҵҲҪ˵У
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Ӱĳ֣һɲĿϢҲȻ

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ֶ֮ͫУֻܼһâӹգȻǸоƤƺǹɼľ˵ϸ˿ڣһεεѪ档
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ǱǿأֶͻȻ̧ͷĿض

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ֶΣƮƮСױϣһģ߱һ㣬׳ڵķ򣬱Ӷȥ

ִֶ׳ʱǰʱ֣ڽǺȴǷֳ΢е㲻ԣ˶ڴҴҶУǵķҲǾֱָͬеλá
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Ҳú棬ҿ̻ҪˣҵڲϢѪǰμ㾡вɽλ˹˿ɶԪԲĲΣܾǰɽδ׳ǿѪǰʱǹϵΪ˴ǻؽɽλңȻ󣡡
ǰ˵ѪǰǰΧ̻̻ܲ׼ûѪǰȫȻǵĲӦûܹԮġ
ȻֶתͷʱǰԶһȴԵضһЦ
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թļһĽֶ׼óΪǺɽλҳ֣ѪǰȻ˽ǣǴ̻ˡ
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ֶ૵һĻ׳ǷԲ֮ڵĺڵҲŲĺֶֽս̻ᣬҲǸе鷳ҹؼĺĳ̶ȣЩ̻ᣬȻǱȲѪǰ
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ҵҪΰľȱܷ
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һΣֶǴ⣬׵ѪǰɽһΣҲգ


һٰʮ Ѫƴ
̻֮ܲ⣬һַȡ֮һɽĽգɷذΧ̻ڲҲŴţֹģõզ಻ѣϾԴ̻Ѫǰ󣬶ǻǣƣģĻƴǼΪĺ
ΧԶҲͬ˱Χۣ׳ռƴܶ˶ΪĸȤǶףһεľս½׳ٶȳϴơ
ѪǰĺǴ̻ᣬԲԷдĻᣬһѪǰսʤ̻ᣬôѪǰƣ½̱ǡ
̻ʧ˰ԭΪ£һЩܹѪǰѹƣϵ˼ֱӽǺɽλ˹ǿλԪԲǿ߰
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ҲֲˣֻѪǰֶκݣһλԪԲİ֣˵Ϊ˽λѪǰＸҵ
ֻҪܹʤ̻ᣬЩʧ̻ٺ٣ɽǾúܣ֪ƴһĵ

ذΧȦ֮⣬ѹѹȺҲǽΧˮйͨ˽ԶԶɢ
ڶ˽ǰΧ̻ڶλ֮ϣ֮УɽλźɫģЩƣӦһѪԵϵ
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λǺɽλңΪںʢ˵׳ǷԲĺڵ֮ҲǶ̶ӣ޲Ͻɲƹ·ѣǵͷ˿׳ֶκй֮޲
Ǻǣλ𼱣̻ضһ٣ʱã˳ɾλģɽɵЦ
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ҪѪǰұȰǸˣɽĿɭȻ̻ܲգžԵģԪԲݣ׳֮ڣ˭ܵУ
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ּңȻҳǳ˱ӵ壬˽£飬ɱɽȻתͷµһԪСԲǿߣ
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˵Ѫǰ﹥Ƽ̻ͣᷴҲǼΪļңؽѪǰ֮ܲ⣬ð㡣
λ̻ỹһЩͣ¾͵λˡ̻֮ϣɽüͷһ壬Ǻֵֵܹ
⣬Ǯƣ֣οɽָʶˣȻǵðæԣǺڶҲһЦ
ɽҲЦݣȴЩҧгݣ˵һ˹ǵҲûûĺδΪʶֱ֣ʨӴſڵĽʱɽȻҲǲҲӦֻܴѷŭ̡
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ˣڴӦɽһ˱һ֣ϰٵӰЩ˽ͬĺ񱳴󵶣Ҹ׺ݣһ㲻Ѱں֮ڿɱȡ
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ǵâдʱһۻ뾢̻ܲӳײ籩䣬¡
籩磬һӰܲϷĿǺڶˣλң̻Ҳϵαؿƣ
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һĻܲеԼҲǴʧɫʲôĻ̻ʿ¾ͻһ겻ˡ
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Ӱڰ׺֣ۻԪͬˮɢﵽԪԲǿ֣Ȼ޷ȡ̫ĺôûʱ䣬·磬֧š
·磬ɽϣҲǸһĨЦݣԪԲݣƾ̻ᣬܹ
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ǾȻҲҲֽ棬ǿ
ǰһ˺ǿʵСԲ嶼ֱӱһͱˡ
Ǿֶɣ˵ϴǽŵĹָˣѪǰλԲǿߣ¶棬൱ǰ
ǰεһЩСЩ߹Լ˰
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ԪԲ
ֶӿǿϢ·̱ǴһЩû뵽Ŷ̶һʱ䲻ǰ߾ȻѾʽ̤˴ԲĲΣ
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Ȼĺ⣬ֶȴ΢΢һЦйꪵᣬꪼбָ棬䣬֮ϣ

ֶȻܾԮѡ񵥶Ӧɽˣ˵Уǻҡͷ


һپʮ ֮ꪷ
쳣ۻϢԳеǿԪͬˮ㣬һ˶ѹȵúЩѡ
ԪԲ
ȲΣ׳ǣǾǶʵȻȴλһԵĳ֣ȶԿòЩѪڡ
ܶ˶֪ԪԲǿ֮£ǿʲôزȥ
һֶƺÿһ¶棬ʵŲСԶĽϣųеĶţҲӹһĨ֮ɫ
ɽ˶ĺ֮ս鼫ΪḻֶһЩѰҴʦü
Ǻǣǿδأ䲢δ̤ξϣҶǸоһΣյζЦ
ŶԣҴʦ΢΢ݣǰλˣ֮ǰǳɹ̤ξû뵽ǿߣ˵㻰̶һʱУֶĽ󰡡
ҲĿһЩʵضųУ굹ꪣԪԲǿߣȻ壬ǰɣ˾̾

Ĳְֶһô̻ܲų⣬Ҳüĵص
ֶ³ç֮ˣģ⣬һֵģ˵⻰£üͷҲ΢΢ЩȻһֱǼΪֶΣֿλԪԲ

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ʩչƣֶȴһЦ˷йꪶȻ趯Ӱ˺ѿһɵͳ֮˺ݺݶȥ

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ꪱ̶Ȼꪼ⼱ת绯ΪһУǵɫУϵػϵ
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ֶָסָСľݼУһɺϢõ΢΢һ£ţУӹһĨ֮ɫȻЦеؿɫɷ׵ĺڣ΢Цû뵽㾹ȻȱȻˣұȴ֮ˡ
һ䣬һֱӽǾݼǬУһĻǺǰһڣһѪ˳ĦпɽΪĶ


һپʮһ 
ڽǺɫľСǬʱеӡҲֱӱۻľĨȥ
ĦУ
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ջΪ˳ĦУȻ˲С谭͵ϮֶһؽеӡĨȥ
һǾͻɥʧһԭԵ۾Ѫļ
쵰
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УӰٶǱɶڵĲʮɳѪۣһΣٴʱȴû׺֮ɫʼŨŨηӿֵƣȻûõֶ˺벽ϵƣֶԿ£ԽԽࡣ
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µһʢ˵±һѪţǱҵһЩȻ󵹷ɶȻ̻֮ܲУڵϣȫ鴤Ѫֱͬ

Ǳý̱ˣ۽ǳ鴤һ£ȻȵʱһȺ̻ӿϣǺʢʵʵ
ֶһǿ£һȻռݾԵϷ磬ʵԪԲУ˭֣
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˵˴ʧܣѪǰȻڣɽӵĻҲǲС鷳Ͼ׳ǷĺڵŲСĺ˳ȥԺɴ󻼡
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ȻɽȺʮʱǰĵ棬Ȼըʯ䣬һԲĺâӹ۽ǣ䣬һζ
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պּҽӴֶǱǷպɾͣһһ޷ֽţ
ۣ󷽵ҴʦжЩ֮ɫ


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ӵֶּңʵ̻ᶼ޷˭ȥǣ
ˣ˵ּҵʵ޷ﵽ̻ĳ̶ȣѪǰﱻĨּ֮ٲȻѾΪ׳ʵͶ

׳Ϊ̻᳹Ѫǰֵ÷зʱֶȴǲδ벽ʱ䣬һֱּͣңΪ֪ҪԶ룬СǸæץʱѧԴֶҲ߲ܣϾּҵʵܹǿʢһ֣Ҳܹһֵġ
䣡
ּԺ˸ŰɫĹâһ̨ɢһּǿѹ֮
ְ̨֮ɫԼСһֺɽĸо̨ⷽûеʩչʱǰҪԵɢһЩ
飡
̨ڰһȻȻأֱǽ·һҺɷ飬棬Ǳѷ졣
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ֶܹԪԲʱǽ̨ģ˵൱žĻҲȻ޷Ԫٿصһز
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һڱĿֶ̧ͷ𽥵ذɫ૵һɹġ

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̴ʯֱ̨Ǳּ֮÷һѵı˪ɿӿ
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ֶ΢΢ͷǲ̴ָܱöǿֻҪܹƽ㡣
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һĻСҲǳⶫ̴µĶɷħֶ֮մȾϣ¶ǵֱӱԪ󳹵׷顣
Ũĺɫɷħ֮ͬһɫľ̴Щɷħ֮һ޴ĺɫ籩ֱ

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Сո£·̴˫ȻԹĺɫбӶֻ֮ɫֱǴӵϱ̶
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̴Ӧóɹ˰ɣֶʵ
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̴֮ʱһ쳣ǿԪҲǺȻǹǿ͵ĲֱؽԺеĺɫ飬ΪˮƮɢ
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컯ͬϸ΢ĵȼ֣֮ȴûԪǰ㷱ֻСֶ֮ѣ˵֣֮˴˲࣬ȴΪ޴󡣡
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Сɡ
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Լ䣬곩ĴЦ֮ԶԶĴ


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һֶܹ֣ľǰǿ֮࣬ٶȣҪﵽӡʦĵزֻʱˣңѸ͵ȴû̫ĺ֢Ϊ֮;߱Ŵ֮ȫõ鸡֮¡
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Ȼϧ֮⵹ֻǳһᣬֶǴᴩɽҲᾭպúץסǣһӿĽݾֶȻǲ׵ķ

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ңǿȣҲ£ǿᣬ˵Ȼδͭ塱ֶţƾ壬ʹκԪܹԪԲǿ߿⣡
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ֻҪӡɹѣֶܹӡʦĲΣʱξСɵǿߣҲ޷ʲôвξɵǿߣܹһս

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ңǲ׵ĴͨһֶڵĴԪ޷תޣӶӡͭ塱
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һָͷ羫ԴֶҲǸһĨЦ⣬ָֽѪȥ޵ʵԪԲǿ߶޷ʰУȴһ
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Ŀֶżһ棬αǽýӽУɿضϢķȥ

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԰µӰۣͲСͷһЩ׷ӣ˫ĿȴǾ͸һ˿ϣȻǳӸλ˿̣΢ЦֶУһЩ֮⡣
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ͷһӣЩȺȻҲǳ׵ıʱǱˣ̶ӵʱ䣬еޣӵøɸɾ뽪׼սһͷҲǲʵӴܶȥصʬ
Ⱥһɢѹʱɢȥӥ֮ݲ˶һƨ˵ϣȻǰǷս̫
ȻڴŴͬʱǵĿ⣬ҲǲԼͬ԰лµ꣬УżΪŨĻ֮ɫԭı֣֮Ǳֶƽ⣬ɭΪѲıǲֱӱߴһ࡭
ֽ֮ǰ޺ֱȻͬˡ
ֶС磬
ؽֶĿҲЩأѿúףߵʵȲϣΪ뱪භʱֶѾ׾ٵؽǱӴܣ߼Ĳࡣ
л˴ӥ֮жպлᣬӥ֮ݶ౨
صĽףֶҲֻЦŵ˵ͷʵΣҲ̫뱩¶ʵ⣬ףܹһְȫ
ллˡ
һУֶƫͷպǼһµѩĵҲĴĶС


ڶһʮ Ĺű
ֶڶԶΪһϣΧӥ֮ݵЩͶ־Ŀ⣬оЩΣԴҹʾʵЩһĿ⣬һֱδ
磬ϺһԣС۾Ϊݵضֶм
⻰Ѿ˵ʮˣֶƤ˶С¶һǿЦݣ˭ͬһ仰˺󣬿¶顣
𣬲ҪŴĽỺϣССԴһ˿⡣
ֶ̧ͷʱĽѩΪҹǳң¶ѩ׼һЩѪĴڣ˿ȥԵǱһּΪζŮӣֶóݺи飬ΪҹԵʣϣû䵭ģһֵ⡣
ǳüױŮӣȻûǰǣȴԼһ֮
˵Ŀ⣬ԶһۣȻѩѸٵתƿĿ⣬һ˿ĺ⣬΢ͷ
ǺǣֶС磬ǻаʱ䣬뿪ɭˡǰҲԣֶЦ
ԴҹʶֶʵںߵĳƺҲ仯ԴֶҲû취ĿʵΪʵ̫СԵʣ½׶÷һǰˡ
ԣֶҲһطʵǲˡ
ֶС磬ĿӦҲǳŴĹűİɣʲôͻȻ
Ĺűʲô⻰ֶһ㶣ʵ

ֶش𣬲һ£һԵĽѩ˶еȻؿǰߣȻû뵽ȻĹűû˵
ȡֻǳѡЩĿⶢе㲻ڣЦϸ˵һ£ǴĹűʲôô
ǺǣĹűǴĿΪĶ˵һԶɵַںܾǰĿûеʱ򣬴ĹűʹĿҲЦЦ͵
Զɵʵ꼫˵ĿֱֲǹűпһΪĿռ䣬вַԪ֮棬ǿʢһʱ䣬㵱ʮա
Ĺű˵õ컯ѧԼؼ鱦ֹ
컯ѧؼ鱦⻰ֶ˲䶯ݣѧˣϳ֮ϣȴŸǿѧų컯ѧѧһǾ߱ŷٺɽ֮ĪܣܹõԽսǲܵ¡
ν鱦ѰֻŸе֣֮ڸ߼鱦֮ϣиǿߣǱǴ˵еĵؼ鱦Լ켶鱦
Ȼֵȼ鱦඼Ѿ߱ԣǷ㲻òٿأҲܹӳ۴һЩӴܹӵеؼ鱦켶鱦´ûķõó
컯ѧؼ鱦Щǲ춼ֵطܹ£ҲֻΪԼҵĴĿܹ֡
Щȡһᡣ
νĴĹű˱ĻͱһЩǿռΪ˰ɡֶĿЩɻص
ǺǣΪĹűıԲûʲôӶռǴңˡЦ
ڴĿҲûзЩʧܣһЩùߣԪˣ
ֶǲÿɷ֮ûܹռǻΪʵ޷׵סˡ
ǴʯżǿķӡַӡǧȻ˿ֲǿߣ޷˺ѡ
ǿ߶޷˺ѵķӡֶЩ𺳣ǼʶǿߵĿֲֻһѣǰٿصøľżһ޻֮ǵǿߣѹֻ˺ǴĹűķӡ
ĹűʲôȻ桭
ǺǣĹűķӡÿǻһڣǽȡûᣬÿεʱǰ󣬶ǿ߸ĿЩǿ߲ԴһЩǰ㣬Ҫܷеõʲô
ʱ䣬ң㵽һδĹűӡʱˣʱҲԽԽ˸ĿǰҲŻǷҲǳŴĹűġ׵
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ֶĦ°ͣжĹűΪĸȤгΪʵܹǴĹűĻ׷ĲȻܹӿһЩ
ҡ֪ĹűǷŹϵ
ֶĿ΢ĿǴΪĵطҪҳټɲʲô򵥵¡
һЩĹűȻԶַǺпܸϹϵԶŵʱЩһ˽⣬൱ʱ򼴱ǵòӦҲܹõһЩйصϢֶУСҲͻȻð˳
ֶĬĬͷȻ˵ĻĹűǿȥһˣȻµʱ䣬µҲ
Ǻǣϸ磬ĿڣʲôرҪעôҳէµСһ㡣ֶͻȻЦʵ
ʵҪĿҲû̫⣬ĿڣССĶţëҲҪעһЩ׳һ£
ֱڣħԼˡ
ڣħţˡֶ߶һּС
Ϊأ˼壬ڲٿط¾ӣЯսˣһսڣȴֱӱڶѪϴɽţλ̤컯ǿߣֱӱץȥ˷Щһǿ¡

ԣֶȴһǬеǾеȷ
ħţЩһڴ壬һ޻ᣬǶսǱǾ׶༪ˡ˵⻰ʱ׿һֱֶۣȻǼֶҲһȭı߶һС
ˣǺǣһڶ齨ˣƹ˵ģݣʵҲǸֲǰߣ˵ΪӴġ
ֶĬĬͷĿȻ춼ɱȣ¾ǸĴȣǲ϶١
ʵĿУŲټΪ͵ɣЩɻɽ¶ˮһЩʵǿᣬԸǣˮúţ߻ӣҪɵöСһ㡣װ̾
ֶЦŵ˵ͷӥ֮ڴӥǣӦһָɣ
ģֶ֪ӥ֮ݵܲڿɭֲԶĴӥС
⻰ɫȴе㲻Ȼ̾ǰĻǰɡ
״ֶҲæһ·Ц̸Сʱ󣬱ǲΧǱõ
ֱܵ仯ֶҲһҪ߳ɭ˰


ڶٶʮ Ѫ
ůٶͻʱ൱ƣ۵ӥ֮ˣʱٺĻ֮ǽɭֲǵһˣһΣȴΪյһΣ;ֶĻ֧飬ǵó׵ɭˡ
ֶվϣϵů⣬ҲһЩЦݣĿĿڵˡ
ֶС磬ȸǻشӥǰɣէҾûڴӥǴһᣬ˽һ´ĿĵԼֲĻܻһЩܹ߳ɭ֣ȻҲΪĸˣЦЦתͷϵֶ˵
ԣֶ΢һᣬȻǵ˵ͷ˵òĿʲô֪ͺҴĻȷʲôǵľٶڴӥţҲóû׼һЩ
ֶͷȻҲΪ˷ܣ˺ЪϢһ󣬷ٶ̣һгӣջ񣬶Ŵӥǿȥ
ݽ˵ӥڴĿЩԵȻӥǵķֳУӽ׵ĻУֶܹܵԸ춼Ŀ
Ӹϵӥʱǽӽʱֶ֣վϣǳµһ޴ҲЩ֮ɫеĹģȻԶ׳ǸΪӴ󣬴ĿȻ鴫ֻ΢ԵĳУ˵ĺΰ
ӥ֮ӥǣӦܹ൱ǿ
ԽԽĴӥǣֶ뵽ȻֻŲˣȴǿóϼΪĬսҲǸķḻȻӥ֮ݵĳԱսΪӵʵǴĿӥ֮ڴӥǵĵλҲ͡
ֶע£ӥ֮УΧһЩ˶ǰǰ㹧̬ȣֶҲ֪ǰĲ²⣬ûг
ӿУſĽֵʮӣȻһռؼΪľ޴ݣǳֶ֮С
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ݴ֮ǰŲٻǼʱʱϲؽֶǸоɧ࣬ѹѹͷԹӿֶЩ죬ӥ֮ݱĿݣȷǿ
ŽǻϢܿλ°Ӱӭ˳
ɻˡЩݸ߲ӰһףǼæӭϣЩǵص
ЩϵЦҲǼһЩǻ˻֣ǱտڣȻƫͷŽѩѩȴֶСȥϢһõķ䡣
ѩЩģеĲ׵ɫ仯ɵһ䡣
ȥɡЦЦߴٵ
š״ѩֻܵ˵ͷȻһĿǿֶֶӣ
˵ţӯӯתȥֶ˽һۣҲûж˵ʲôǸȥ뽪ѩš
ףС˭ʦ㾹Ȼô
ǰʦɵһζôơ

ΧЩѧͽѩֶǷ̬ȣȻЩԾ˸ǻ͸һЩóѩеλͦߵġ
ƺŭˡŽѩ߽ݣֶЦŵ
ԣѩҲһЦֶˣֶܹü͸һ˿֮ɫ
ӥ֮ӥǵλͣѵ鷳ֶͻȻ
ֶ⣬ѩҧҧ촽һᣬŵǰӥ֮ݵȷǴӥǿУһΪѪݵҲڴӥפЩһſӥ֮йٳͻǵʵȷǿγͻУӥ֮ݶδȡϷ磬ǵ棬ȥӥ֮ݵӰܴ󡣡
ŶֶŻȻԭ˵µʱ򣬽׵ɫ΢ЩȻ
ֶӣͷˣϢҪĴĿͼԼֲͼȶҴȥвɹѩ鲽ֹͣĿֶ
ǽֶɣӹӵûšֶЦŵ
⻰ѩȻǳһĨǳǳЦ⣬˵ͷЩϢ£תӯӯȥǰҹʿֶе㷢㶣ɭʱûЩ䵭ǿŮӣȻ͵һ档
Ϣɡ
ҡҡͷֶŶӥ֮Щ鷳ῴϾҲһЩշ浽Ǹʱ򣬳һ£ҲǿУ¼ҹˣּҾﲻ֪ǧ˭ҲûвıǮڴ򲻹ܱˣȵʱǿˣٻЩ£ֶúܸɴ࣬˿֮Ϊܡ

գѩıǵȺ˷֮⣬ֶȻҲ˶ȣǳţȻͬУڳʱССѾͷԵҲǲѩȻûʲôֿһֻϡ
һټСеСףݣȻֱеһЩ״Щطܹ򵽸ֶ鱨ȵȣܹõȻǰ㹻ĴԪ
ֶ˴ҪĶֻ࣬һЩĿϸͼȵȣϾһֱڴӥǣԻǵץʱϤԼΧֲõʱһĨҴײ
ڳйһʱ䣬ֶǽЩȫҲûдͣ˼һЩҩ鱦ȵȵĶ඼ǿۣȻǲ㻨ԩǮȻڵںݺݵթ˵ҼԼһʺѾһ
ֶϣΪ·ĽѩҲ΢΢һЦֶԭ·أ߳׳ʱֶȴǷĲ̧ͷʱǰԶʮӭ
Щ˵ؿλãһöݻ£ϣһͷѪɫͺա
Ѫݡ״ֶ۾΢΢һС
ǺǣԭѩǺɰȺ˵Ŀ꣬ȻǽѩֱȺ˵дһֳȣģȥҲڶңЩᣬǹŵЦݣҲõ˸оڡ
ߡ
ѩĿЩؿһۣȻƫͷֶ
þòѩѵкһ
΢΢һЦĿŽѩһЩĹӿԵ£ҲЦеſѩ·߶ס
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ѩ˵ɲã֪ôѪѾӥ֮ݷսˣҵԼ䶷̨භ
⣬͵͵ĸ㣬ҵڰǰѾξˡɽڶ
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⻰ѩɲǼӿһĨ԰ף˵Ļⳡԣʤ㣬ûУ
ǺǣѩҶ⣬Ӧ֪úõظңӥ֮ݣл·ߡɽĿⶢŽѩµ˽ģͬһֻ·ߵСһ㣬ȶʡ
Σѩýҧ
Ǻǣҵġ
ɽһЦĿбһһһֱųĬֶЦֻɫԺԣҿŲϲ
СͲ˵ŻʱɽƣСԴоҲһЩ̬Ĺӿ
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СʹɽƣȻֱһҧȥ
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СһҧϣɽһֱһһӿֱӰС˳ȥ
飡
СεɶڽѩʱһֻȴǳȻСȵĽ
е㱾°ǳ֮ˣɽʱЦʮҲǺЦ
ֶɽһۣҲ˵еĶǬȻԽѩԻ߹һ
סС۾


ڶٶʮһ 
ֶ
ֶıӰѩҲ΢΢һǣСҪ˵ʲôֶƽʱȴֻеĻףǰ꣬Ȼ·޺ҪȴǸĿ¡
Ӣۣ
ɽ΢ƫͷĿضŻֶЦСӣӥ֮İɣϴҲһλԪԲǿҪͷţǵùһƺһְֻɣ
ǺǣٹƣȻĻǼһɽԣһɢۻԪӣЦŷӭ
ξͷְֻɣȡɽϸһĨ΢ЦЦУ͸һײеЦݡ
ǣ
ԣɽʮλ¶ʱӦֶλԪԲǿߣټλԪСԲݣǿԽǰ֪ߵغСӳ״У
ЩһԶȻǵһΣԵøо飬ɢɰΧ״ֶΧͬʱ䣬ǿһۻԪҲӿ
˵ظպǴڴӥǽ׳֮⣬Ĵ飬̱õΧΧ˲ˣһĿЩؿֶѪڴӥǵȻǺܺãʵȴû˵һЩеսѪݵˣ³òȥû뵽գ⿴ȥлʮ꣬Ȼ㵨
㵨Ľ²õȥµëͷСӡ˶ֶʱĿ
Χɽ˿⣬°ˣĿȻǴĽ̫ңǴﶼǴۿۣǵɱˣҲ㲻ʲô¡
ҡеȣϹЦݣЩ湫ӵζ΢Цųͬǰ׺Ԫֶȥ£ϵЦݣҲһЩ
飡
ͳڳдһ׳˶Ӱȴ˴㵵ĿͬϺװӣǼʹɫѪ¡
ϵЦݣ΢΢ӲɽɫƽһÿһǻѪֶ̱۽Ҳһ¡
ɱ
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أ
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ǲһʱ䣬ǱѪΧȺȻҲȻ䰲࣬ڣǷףǸꡭԭӵǿʵ
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ܹһģȻǰֶӦҲ̤ξǿߣΣԶԶԪСԲʵԿġ
ôȣֶɽϷ·Щ֮ɫ
ɽȻҲóֶе˿ζϳһǿЦݣȻͶȻһţһͬţϸ΢âӶֱֶ䡣

âֶͷеĴ͸Чȴδ֣ͬײһӲͭ㣬ֱǱ˿ȥ
һ޹ɽͷҲһμæˣȻθնʱޱֶͬȰسǰƶȻ䣬ֳһЩͭ
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ǰһɽңˣɽӣѪݶڴ˿̱ѳɷĩѪſˮһĿɿڴĿ£ڰշȦصڵϣǱķʮȦͣ
Ѫʱ¶һŸͷӣΧӶе鴤ĿЩŹֵؿֶһƣЩݣ룬ɽܹһҲñˡ
һͲѪݱôһЩֹɽѪݹĶӣ֪ɽģǾԲ׵ķŹֶ
ѩסС۾ͬǱֵֶĺ̶һ˵ᵽļһﱻЩ죬ܿģ뵽˽һЩ鷳Ѫݵ鷳
ˣѪݶѾ˺Ƥˣڽʱ򣬽ѩҲֻ˵š
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ֶĻѩҲǵ˵ͷСϣȻ˱ʱѵתȥز֪ļһ

ӥ֮ݣֶȻ˷ѩȴصȥҽס
鷿УѩǷ·һҹòһЩĽףȦҲǷ죬ѪݶǷսˣ
š̾һһԼս䶷̨ʱˣ뿪ӥǣӥ֮ݣҲû취ٴȥˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬽ȻǼΪĲܣӥ֮ѪȴҪг׵ı
˵ѾͻƵξɵĲΣ䶷̨ϣȻ֡ѩڴת
սû취ӣӵĻӥ֮ڴӥǾûӻ켣ˣҵʱѪȻŹǡ׵
ɵյĶְ
׳Ĭ֪νӿڣǰղ£ԷͻƣʧܵĿԣȷ
ǿҰôѩͻȻҧҧ촽
ӥУûܿա̾
ǡֶأѩ΢΢գ
ֶԣһƬ̺󷽲ҡҡͷֶʵǿܷ񿹺գҲʮߣֶǱϾ㲻飬ÿڣһǿѵĻᡣ
ˣҪЩˣ㶨ģȥϢɡ׻˻֣Щƣص
ѩͷ˳䣬ϷŵʱǶ峺ĿУһЩ֮ɫ


ڶٶʮ 
֮Уֶڴϣüͷ΢壬һΰɽǸУˬеˬ±ȻˣѪſ·ֶ˾٣ǵϣΣǶǲġ
ξɡ
ֶĦ°ͣʵξСɣӡʦԼͭ壬ξɵǿߣҲܹӵһս֮
ӦҲʵֶ𵱳׽ʱʱһ˿ңʱ͵ڶԷУʱξɣпʵ̫ǿᣬǸΣǴֿɼ
ȻҪս˵ĻֶɲѪݵĹܹȵףǼһĹѧ鱦֮ѡôһݹܸ֮ȵĻţҲʵ̫˵㡣
ңףز񵱳ǰǱֶȭͷ΢Ȼֻаʱ䣬ʵȴǳɳ̫ࡣ
ˣ
ֶͷת䣬ͻȻű죬ѩǴ˽
ô˽ѩֶȻҲЩ㵣æ
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ֶǽݵĽѩȻ㶣ӹһ˿֮ɫ
ڵĽѩȻǾһĴ磬ȹüĿ续ѩ˳˿ϸ䣬һ˿糺Լ¹ҫԵøˡ
ֶǰĿעţѩϵ糺ҲĵŨһ㣬ֽŽգϣһ
ѩֶһ΢ĸоȻҹģйŮôһ䷿桭òе㲻̫׵
ǻϴѩǵϣᣬ΢΢ͷƹҫգ·һĹ̡
Щ£һŮˣ鷳ѩֶЦһĿŽѩѩµĻֱ˵ɡ
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ķУŮӵһ˿֮⴫
ȥ磬һֱǵ󣬺ӥǣ齨ӥ֮ݣǵʮѪݱɢһܲҲ뿴ǡ
ѩҧź촽ۣԵú˸С
ԣǣ֪Ҫܹ֣ὫΣյĵزǡûİ취ڲյĶ֣䶷̨ȻʧܵĽ
ֶϲû̫ĳԾȻԤϽѩ
ֶӣܹõӥ֮ݱⱻɢĽ֣ѩԸΪΪūΪ澣ѩɫƽֶͻȻһȹ䣬ɲǼ䣬һĽǰسյķ֮С
ͻ仯ֱõֶϵƽѣЩĿɿڴǰǾѩ׵塣
ѩģϸӯӯһգѩ񣬻ۣ
ܲܡҪôѪס
˵ĽǶȣֶòϣǰͬСɲժӵԿܵջ󣬵Ͼһױ֧ӵһȻЩǿĽĿǿתƿЩɬص
ֶʱȴһּΪϸ΢ĵ֮΢΢һѩգֻú޳ëţһε黮۵գ¡
֪ƺܼûİ취ܹȫݵĻΪūΪ澣ҲĸԸҵļңСʱѾһΣҲڶµʱپָо
ѩΪԸһЩǿӣʵǰȴֻΪпѡ
Žѩǿ޵滨㣬Եó˵գֶҲ̾һѩĸܣΪ緢ĸףڱǺ󣬸Ӱ
ץϵıһ£ǽõò˫ɺڶȥֶŽѩЦôƯɲժû˲ģҲʲôҵʥˣԸˣɽʲôͬ
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ֶҲеؿǰѩһۣŮӣҲһġ
Ҳ̫࣬Ǵҳɭ֣Ҳ䣬ȻǽҵѣֶȻʲôѪ֮ˣһɽ֣ȻҲûֲܡ
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ֶӵ˼Ըӥ֮ôѩҧҧ촽һΣҲһЩ֮⣬·ֶ˻񶨡
㶼ˣٲ̬û취߳ӥ֮ˣЩѧͽ֪ôеĴʦ㣬֪ᱻ׷ɱʲôģֶеεص
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ԣѩɵһЦɲǼչ¶Цݣͬٺϻˡ
ɣõʱ˭ֶһ
ֶܲȽ۾ϣѩЩ糺죬Ͳš
ղֶһ仰ϰԵѿڶæסڣǼնǺͬһĽѩŸЦһæ˫ۡ
ֶ˫ۣбһȻĶĸOO@@Ƭ̺һֶʲôӦǸо촽ϣĸ̵Ĵꡣ
ֶӣĸоҵиҲ㣬ֻǣ㵽ʱ뿪лл
Ĵ뿪ѩֶ𣬶ѸתڷŸ֨Уʧɫ֮С
ڱǼɢֶŻۣڵķţ̾һΣȻǵóְ


ڶٶʮ 
գֶ˫ʱůǴӴΪߣҫڷС
һֶ´չڶʱһͳ֮ǼԪڼͬʱӿģһɹɼΪۻ֮С
ֶڷشһȭ壬öͷ΢΢ʱͣ£ĿתʱͻȻƿȻˮĽѩ߽ĿֶϣԻһ˿糺졣
ѩᣬˮϣʪëšȻ󷽲ŵֶǰģͬһΪɵСϱһ㣬ֶһһ㶵ģô󣬿ɻûƯŮĵķ̹
ֶ㶵ضţѩϵ糺ҲŨһЩ΢ͷҡģƺֻЩˡ
ǺǣлֶЦЦֽӹǻһ˿ζëһݴ꣬ЩȥŲ˼ĽȾһЩڼѩëݻظѩ
ѩϸ֣Ľӹϵ΢ЦԵøᣬͬһźһˣ˭Ҳ벻˿ǿ࣬Ҳھҵš
ǵͷϴëĽѩֶͷ֪ǷǴܸоѩ񿴴Ŀ΢е㲻ֱͬ仯Ŀ⣬ƺǴϿʼġ
㲻ίԼźңҲ̫ϰȻʶ̫ãҰ㵱ѡֶŽѩͻȻ
ѩ΢΢һ̧ĿֶţƬ̺һĨЦɢ
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ڷ΢΢Ĭ䣬ͻȻһٵĺ洫ѩæתݣֶһЩ
ʦ㣬ˣѪͻȻ˰Χסˣ
Уֶ۾ʱ΢΢չһӣȻ̧߳䣬ǰŲ԰׵ĽѩЦ߰ɣȥơ
˵꣬ȶ֮ȥģѩҲǱûָһЩ֮ɫѹסеĻңһæȥ

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ݵĴſڣˮǺѹѹѪƬ̺󣬷ŵصչô͵Ҫӥ֮ݸϳӥô
ףѪӥ֮ݼ飬Ի䶷̨Ϸֳʤ˴ҪǽҶӵǸС
Ѫλһľݣŵ˫Ŀݣ˿ɫΪӵɱ⣬ȻǴһŭ״̬
һ䣬˴ŵܣǵϣӶѪģɽ˿̵ĺߣǴڻ״ֶ̬һƣʵᡣ
׵Ŀ⣬Ƴһۻеɽ۽Ҳ΢΢鴤һ£Ѿ˵ֶɽ£ȻҲû뵽ֶ־ȻôݡģĽ
ӥ֮ݵ˻ţоͬĳ֮ɫھ治ԣ²˶ǵЦ
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գ㻹浱㲻ɣҲЦһգؽֶһۻϢȻ
ףξѴɣ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽƾڵʵҲҽ֣״ȴһЦ֮УԵ÷ⲻм
Ǳԣ
ĿȻһ̤棬αǶȻӳؽһĽâݺݵϵա

״ҲһһգһشǳУһαڷɶȥشХɽһ㣬ĺݺݺڽ׽â֮ϡ

ͳԼԪ԰бǽ׵ΣǱõŵֱˣص棬һʮҵĺۼ

һ֮£ױЩ·磬ӥ֮ݵ˶ʱһЩĵĻȻ
Ȼ붯֣Ǳֱӽս㣡һ֮ɫǲ֣һͬͺհ㱩£ش𼫶׺ԼԪݺݵضŽ׺¡

ؽشཻ𻨣һ׺Ԫͬ˰ıֱӽһѷ죬ҽ棬˫ݵģĿתš
ףȻǲУξС֮Ĳ࣬ɲô򵥣ӰԪӿشǽؽѹȣÿһεĽǽؽþҲǽؽƣҲ𽥵Ѫʶ

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ͻľ磬õɫһһݺݺǻƳնݺݵײһ

𻨱䣬ȻһΣ֮еıȴûг֣һ֮УȻһɼΪǿԪӿ䣬ؽش˶ȥ
شӿľõһش趯סμˣȻĿһֻ̧ڽ׵ǰ֪ʱǳһӰӰֳֳꪣ䣬һΣյϢӶ
Сǳˣ
ǵӰ˲ӿ֮ɫȻ֪ǰ߱ǽɽģס
ִֻҶӣʶģԼգҪܣ
ԹֶϣҲǷһĨЦݡ


ڶٶʮ 䶷̨
ֶ
ͻȻӰҲһȻδϵ߾Ȼ֣¼æСģյʵǿ
ֶ΢΢ͷĿעǰգ컯ɣϢԶСɾΪǿᣬѹСɾĽףǱƵþ·硣
޹αضŭӲֻǰһ¶ѣĿΪң˵ĻֱӾͽˡֶЦ
٣ÿС
ȻǱֶ⻰òᣬصʲôҲҶӣȻϲˣǽձҲĳѵһ֪ߵغĶ
ɭȻһ䣬ش֮ϣͻȻһɼΪǿԪشݺݵǰ棬ʱ汬Ѷһǿľһ˺ѵ棬ضֶȥʯмӿ䣬ԵƲ
ߣ
յĹƣֶȴһߣйضأһɰͬԵ汩һɫ磬ݺײ
飡
ײʱۻԪǰֱؽ˺ѳһִѷ졭
ȻЩ£ԼĹƣȻֶ׵ĽͫȻҲǽһ¡
棬ȻҲЩӥ֮ݵĳԱϣһжһЩ֮ɫǰױѹô·յʵǴﵽһ൱ǿĵزֶȴܹƴһ൱ѵǰȥ꣬ʵȻȽ׻ǿ
չαżյ䶷̨һ׹սʱʲôֶΣʩչǣҪΪӱҲһ𡣡ֶйбָ棬գͻȻЦ
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ԣһԼ˫ǳһ˲Ȼ
ߣѪӥ֮ݼ£ʲôҲ֣ܲЩЦ
Ҳӥ֮ݵѧͽոռģǰɣϸ硣ֶ΢΢һЦƫͷŽʵ
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ףôãְ֣٣ǿɱһЩ֮ɫܹӦֶϢҲǳξСɵĵزߵսҪǿһЩȻ޷вǽ̵Ļôӥ֮ݣȷûٴڵıҪˡ
ҲգȻ뽫ӥ֮ݵ˽Сұȫ㣬䶷̨ϣһõףӥ֮ݵĽ֣˭˿ĸı䣡
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һ䣬Ŀɨһ۽Լӥ֮ݵˣԾһӣѪݵҡڵľȥ
ѪԶȥӰֶҲźâֱܹն֣ʱȻݻᱬսӶɲСܹ䶷̨ϣ˵潫ջɱĻôѪݵǻήͣʿ£˶ǻ͵͵룬ʱ򣬼ǲö֣ѪҲ᲻ơ
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ֶС磬˴ζлԮˣؽֶ֣صһȭ
ֶЦŰ˰֣һ۽ףϸɷҴӥ֮䶷̨Ͻ֣˵Ļ
ֶСӥ֮ݵĴңʤԹֲ˭׳
ֻǡĵʱ򣬻ֶСܹչһСŮ׳һ£ǵ
Ϊ⻰Ͳ䰡ֶεҡҡͷ׵⻰ֱκѹҪأѩСϣǼֱеҪˡ
תͷֶʧķͻȻ䣬оڵѪҺЩڣ֪죬һΪҵĴս
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գԴӥʱз·ڴ˿̱ûųеλӿȥ˭֪죬䶷̨ϣһ춯ذľ֮ս
ӥ֮ԼѪݣǴӥеʲõ˫ֶΣȴδ̫Եʤ֣֮գȻյĽš
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ӥ֮ǸһȥлʮҲ֪ǴëͷСӣʵҲԸƴز࿹⡭
ǰǰǿߣɲǱչģһ֣Ǳ·硣
ײǴˣôӦĵⳡԣеÿˡ

䶷̨ΧѹѹȺУһ˽еĻ⣬ⳡ䶷йء
Ѫݵ˵ˣ
˽УͻȻһȺֱ֣ǿ˺ѿ˺䶷̨Ϊӽĵط
ӥ֮ݵҲˣ
Ѫݵִ󲻾ãһһͬͣ䶷̨֮£˫Ӽ䣬ӿս
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սһ̤棬ͬͺհȻĿȵ䶷̨ϣĿת·ֶСڹĿɻü
ȫĿ⣬˳ƶӥ֮ǰǵӰϣ±ٶһЩ˽ȻЩ㵺ߵ䡣
ĿĿ⣬ֶǲδᣬŤŤӣ̤һֻЩ֣סֱۣһС
Сһ㡣
ֶתͷüЩǵĽѩ΢΢һЦżһ棬ƮƮ䶷̨ͬʱЦҲǴ
ҪĹأջûǵʸ񡭡
һЦݵֶеҲŨ촽ɭУ͸εɱпᡣ
СɥʧĻᡭȻˣǱ㡭ɣ
£һɰɫԪʱȻڱӿǿ͵Ϣϯȫ


ڶٶʮ սξ
ۻϢԳϯɫԪյһεѹȣõһЩʵߣǸоЩѡ
ξɣ
ųһ쳣ۻϢ˵ɫЩãҲǳأʵĿڣҲܹǿߣӥڣҪҳܹ俹ߣǸǼѵ£Ȼ裬ʵȴû˵
ȻӵⷬۺʵֻҲûǵſ񡭡
ҲɫЩӵض䶷̨緢գСɣһ֮ѣ߼Ĳ࣬ȴ൱֮٣ףڵʵսֵĻļʣռ˳ϡ
ֶӦܴհɣѩҧź촽УЩֶųģ£ⱲӶİ
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˶ΪֶЩʵҲѻģսû±ǻ¶ףڵһۼֶʱȴǴӺϸоһɹɢΣա
ʱֶͬһͷոմɽдһ㣬׺֮Բǳֻͷܹ߱ġ
ţлʮ꣬һЩɱ˿Щ켣ٶ٣
СĻḶۡһȻ󻺻˵
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֪ߵغ񣡡ֶȻûյ˫ɫһһЦһȻ̤
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촸
ۻԪͬڵһ˫ȭ֮ϱЩԪۣȻֱǻΪһɫԪ޴Яżѹȵľ磬ݺݵض·ֶ˹ȥ
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һĻ±Ų˾ֶĿҲǶһЩأܹһҲһλӡʦ
ȥ
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κʱ˫ȭٶȽ趯һԪ޴ٶ۶ֱǽЩԪ޴ɢ
ԭ޾ѹôţһ֣ϸһĨЦͷȴŲС𶯣һʮܹ꣬ﵽξȷţͬʱܽҲһԪĵزʱǱеˡ
ڣշףΪʲôֶƾξСɵʵսԭǻž֧š
Сӣе㼬֡
Ŀ΢ƶȻһգشǳУش֮ϣâһּΪصĸоһۿȥ֪شȻ鱦Ȼֻǵͼ鱦õ绢
վȻش˳е޴䶷̨ΧҲһЩȻ֮˵ƾ˴ĺɱξǿߣ
Сӣص㲻ߣƫҪʹӥǵ£Ȼˣҽգ㽫Сˣ٣¼ʤ;ز۵ģ֣
˫ջϢǱ࣬ЦֶȻһǱ
䣡
յٶȣΪѸͣһ֮£ǳֶǰ˫ͬСɽһ㣬䱬ͷֶ˹ȥ

شֶйҲı̶Ϊĵشĳһ֮ϣȻ緢ǽشĵһЩ
ৣ
ž뱻һ˲䣬ֶƽֱйֱǻΪʮӰͷҪ˹ȥ

ֶܼƣȴ˿δңشȻΪأֱʶ䣬ش֮ԪӿΪһƬԪĻЩӰ¡
飡
˫أӲʯ屬ѶɰԪͬȪ㣬ֶڳʱԪ䶯Ϊ񵶷档
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չƣֶȴǲܣ˫ȶȻ仯֮ͭɫȻݺݶأǿԼ壬ȻֱؽԪ̤ñȥⱩӿΪӰ칥ȥ

䶷̨ϣӰ罻ӰӰܲÿһεĶ˵Ԫǰ쳣ҵĽ֣Ѫڡ
飡
һľԪӰڵϲʮ׵ĺۼ
һȻƴòָ£
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šҲǵ˵ͷ΢Щ˷ܣֶչֳʵѾϡ
һԣѩ̲סᰴסЩҵؿڣǰǰ㾪ղҲǿĶǱᵽ˺

䶷̨ϣеĴϢ΢΢ЩӾ磬ʱУûǰǵȼȡ֮ģһɼŨأֶȻʵֻξСɣչֳսȴѾ˿
˴ⷬԣǱЩȤ
촽˫ֻ˫ۻİԪͬϣ䣬һּǿĲɢ
СӣжôĳϣҲõΪֹˡ
̧ͷ˫֮УɫԪӿһɼΪΣյϢУɢ
ܵϢ䶷̨һԵĽףɫ±Ǿ


ڶٶʮ ħԳ
䣡
ͬԪͬˮڱԶԶȥͬһƬڵĻ֮һ㡣
ңԪıӿյͫ仯һҰްΣյϢһ˿һƵĴ͸
ͬʱյ˫ƣҲڴ˿̻һЩͬԳצһ㣬εץסش
оڱΣϢֶҲ쳣ǰ߱Ͼξɵǿߣݲֶ˿иҿĻԷȻڶɱС
һξǿߵɱУǵԳ׵ĻɱһξСɵǿߣ
ֶСģǼһҪʩչħԳ䣬ϳѧܹʱ޴ֶʱ׵ĺҲѸٴС
ħԳ䡭
ֶĿ΢յ˫֣ȻǼߵ࣬ͬһ䶯ţۻ֮УɫԪһ˿˿Ĳ˫ϣ˳ëײϵ
СӣܹƵҽħԳʩչ㼴ǱɱˣҲ޺ˣյͫ׶Ǵ˿仯ȥͬһֻεħԳǣֶ¶һĨЦݣȻһţξǻΪһӳ
ʩչѧ֮󣬷·һٶȣҲ˲١
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״ֶҲһЦżһ㣬âֱ֣ͣ˰գǵڵĺܶȥһץ貵ĽֱۣǻΪһĽ̨
̨գ͸һɽĳأòȣȻδϵֶȻܹ۵Ԫ̨
䣡
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ǴһƬӰ貽̨ҲһߣܣֱͬʱشͬҰȻ趯ݺݵ½̨Ӳһ

ľ֮ڳбһɹۻԪҲϱըǰ׺òĿɿڴ
ʩչħԳ֮յʵȻǱ˲٣رǱޱǿᣬټ鱦شǸ޷ش£ǽ̨Ǳô絹ˣһ˿˿ѷ죬Խ̨
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һĻֶ϶һĨɫ⻹һμܹؽ̨յħԳ䣬ȻЩ֮ǲɵһ㶯ġ
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䣡
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ּžδ̫ãǱٶĽ̨ƣһͬҰްԽ̨·󣬳Ԫ㣬ըǰֲȻֱؽ̨ɶȥ
̨ɣһⱩӶһ£ǳ˽̨ϷشΪ޴ĴӰݺݵϡ
飡
Ϊ񱩵Ԫڴ˿̱ǼΪ̵Ľ̨֮ϣٶȱѷһ죬Ȼֱӱĺ䱬ȥ
ڽ̨䱬֮ʱֶɫҲЩ仯Ŀǵ⣬һ
ǺУȻգֻ˿壬Ȼһֱ쳤ӣűóħԳļ
յ˫ͫų죬Լ䣬ܹһЩҰ޵ķ񡭡
㾹ȻұƵһҪ˺㣡гӿĿĺݶֶ˶˫ƽ˫һɹɿ񱩵ԪԴԴϵشڱӿ
Ȼģ
ǼҪħԳģգ䶷̨ΧҲǷһָ֮ıѧΪҲΪףҪǣⶫŲСĺ֢пܰԼ˲˹ģͬµ㡭
յʵǿ˺ö࣬СΣˡ
ΧЩ˽׵ɫҲǱ࣬һԵĽѩ԰ףݼ촽ҧѪ

˫̶ཻĿضֶԴԴӿĿԪҲǿʼض˫۶ȥ
ˣ
ۻԪעֻһȦȦ޴ԪӰ˫ֶ֮һ˶ݵǿзӿ
ħԳ
ͫԽԽһԳ˻Ȼ䴫λΪⱩӶǾ޴ĴӰһɿµ޵Ŀ䴸ɢȥ
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һιĿ£ɫҲǾæ

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ǵ⣬ֶһЦȻһ۹֮ϵЩϸƬʱ貽⣬ӿ
𣡡
ǽ֮ʣԼ䣬·쳹
ꪷꪣ
ӿʣ𺳵ĿУһ޴ĽӰУֶ


ڶٶʮ 
죬Ŀڽ۶ɵľ޴Ӱ͸ŨŨľ֮ɫ
һּǿĹޣ޽磬ҲĴڣǵȴڣҲѰ˸ֻţӰǱѵһ
λǿȷǼΪۺꪷأһʤһУرһꪣǸޱȵǿᣬֶĲ²⣬һеһЩﵽϳ˾Ʒѧ
ңҪǣǿʽڵֶΨǿʩչĽʩչ۷ʱָûǺεȵĿ¡
ӿʣ޴ĽӰ̾ᣬ䣬һּΪµĲɢõ䶷̨ΧһЩǿͷƤ飬֮䣬䶷̨ΧȻǿճһƬľ룬ȻǺ²㡣
СȻ˿µѧ
֮£һȦȴԵøСеĳ죬µѹɢһЩܵһּΣյϢ
ηһ򷨣
ʱ·ˣʩչħԳյȻҲǱڸ˲٣г˸ٶȲΪһ⣬޴ĴӰӹʣݺݵضһƬ˹ȥ
ֶɫĮȻǱĺ⣬нյ۹ꪼҵزţ֮ЩϸƬù꪿ȥͬһֻĴһ㣬͸һص
ৣ
һɹۻĴԪԴԴϵԵԪӿ۹УҪʩչһУֶ붯е
𣡡
ۻԪע֮£֮⣬ֵһ޴ӰҲ֣Ƭ̺ǽյ۶Ȼӿһ·Զŵ֮춯ص쳹
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һʱֶе۹ͻȻֶۣȻ£Х
ӰХؼԪǿ񱩵ĲһɹۿɼԪԽӿһȦȦɢԼ䣬֮ƺˡ
·ǽ䶷̨Ͽշָڣǰ㾪ƣĿѣԣ˽֣ǿ֮ս
䣡
âٶȽѸޱȣֻɲǼ飬˵ͫУͬʯ㣬Ȼײ
쳣ǿ񱩵Ԫײ֮㣬ͬ籩һϯ䶷̨ϣֱǱѳһֱ۴׳ѷ졭
ײһɲǣҲظоǽӰ̺֮Ŀֻ˲ĽӴǸоͬѹһɽǱħԳǿ˵ȫڴ˿̷˸֨֨졣
ڣףֶһУŶôǿ
г˸ţ֧ţ䴫˻Ƶ֮ⱩӿȫĵǼĽӰ
һҲꪷ˵Σ
ֶĿĮǿŽӰգ͵һ·ǽӰʱ⣡

ص˫֮ϣȻһѷ죬վĿУ˫
𣡡
ڹ֮ĽӰҲһ£ĺ֮ϡ
أ
Ϊͳڰд֮ϱۻԪ˲価ȥȻѶ¶һڼףڼ֮ϣŲȻҲһ鱦
ǣһͼ鱦ڼףȻ޷סǿĹˣ̺ſ²ĽӰӶʱڼ֮ϵĹ󣬷һ˿˿ѷ죬ӶٶһѶ
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ķƣյɫɲǼѩѪпԼ䣬Źѵ
䶷̨Χ𺳵Ŀע£յ壬԰յɶص䶷̨ϣϻһ׳ۼ;Ѫӿ۶Ѫȡ
ʤ·ڵʯѷֳɣǽӰһֽݿĳյй
һξɵǿߣʹ˳ܣ
ڵͬգ䶷̨ΧҲһļžЩѪݵһɫҰѩеһЩˣʼ͵͵ĺˣѪ֮ǿᣬȫȫΪյĴڣȻղҰܣݵĶǱѪ˵Ĵ
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ԣյӶʱҵĳ鴤κżΪʵص˵ͷʹУȴȻ֮ɫ
֮ɫͬʱͻأֻ̧֣Ƥ£䶯ʮâ͸ƤضֶȥԼ䣬һζЩâɢȻͿо綾
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ͣ
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أ
ڵϣ֪գ˶ףԺ󣬴ӥڣ±ٲѪݵĴˡ


ڶٶʮ 
յĲҰܣ˺ܶ˵ϣ˭δ뵽λڴӥӵźպǿߣǻһλȥлʮС
εţۼڵϲ֪ʱҲֻǿѹеľκˣȻ𺳵Ŀ⣬Ͷ䶷̨ϵһӰ
˶ףһΣӥ֮ѪݵĽǰߣռ˾ԵϷ硣
ݣһЩȻͬۺ񣬾˱ˣҲֻ˼һӰԪһЩȴǲͬһݵĺģһҰܣرֳ±ܣǱǽϣ˲ۿۣһ˵ԵĴ
ȻһΣѪݣ档
ȻҲеݣ˵ıĿУһЩ̼ΪۺһЩǿɵݣƹ˵ݣ֮ǿᣬƿ£ڣħȴľõȣǲضá
յܣڳž𣬲̨ϵʤ߿ȥǶôᣬǰչֳǿʵȴˡ
ڴĿһУʵΪ
УѪݵǿʼĺˣһЩһ˵նǲᣬͷӣΨһЩ΢ĵˣձͬɥ֮Ȯһȥ
ֶûѪȥյĲҰܣѪʿȫޣң˴εգȻȻһȴˣһɥʧһֱۣƣܹٶȻʵҲ轵
ѪƽſˣһЩңҲǲᣬԣմĻ֪ɢѪݣҴһЩ뿪ӥǣõѡ
ֶͷһеǬ΢΢һЦɴⱾ⣬һôãյϢǿǱġ
Ǭ뻳УֶĿͻȻתе۹ꪣȴǷִʱĹꪣɫȻһЩԭЩſϸƬҲٶȽ֮ϡ
۹ꪣֶ˼֮ɫǰʩչꪡʱĸо֮УƺһɼΪϸĶϢ͸ҲϢԵʣֶܹսꪡʩչ
ǹϢֶĿ˸
۹֮Уӡһ֮Ѫ٣治֪ǸһôŪѪģؼ伫ΪǿһԪδﵽļһôܹõһ֮Ѫֶɻ䣬СͻȻ
֮Ѫֶһ૵
ѪΪ΢Ȼ㲻̫Ĵȷ̺һЩƺ۹ꪷӡסˣҪǡꪡʩչΪǿʢĵز۹ꪽ߼鱦ĲΡС
߼鱦ֶüͷ΢΢һ壬ɲʲô򵥵£Ҫ鱦ٵ̤ʦҵ˾֮󣬷ܹ۹ꪽڵʦһξ롣
ˣȷŷţҪ۹ꪽɸ߼鱦ҪϡеĲϡֶҡҡͷֽ۹ǬȻ䶷̨£ڽ׵ǰ
ϸ硣
ֶ˷֮ɫĽ׹˹֣æΪе˵һԵЩӥ֮ݵˣҲһֻȳݵĿⶢǰߣֶǰչֳʵõͷΨ̾֡
ֶС磬˷ҽΪպֻҪҵĵطǵɽ͹ֻҪ㿪ڣҽüͷ
ɫǺĽףֶЦŰ˰̸֣תͷѩ΢ЦҲ
ǲѩá
ѩ΢΢Щ糺죬ᶯˣֶתתȴЩ̫ȥһŲЦݵӣû°ɣ
ãֻ̫ѡֶЦЦ˷սҲʤЩѣҲûг̫صƣֻʩչꪡʱǽԪԴ˿УҲһ֮С
ǱϽȥϢһ°ɡԣѩȴæ֮У͸ŨŨĹ뵣ġ
ѩôķӦֶҲһ£˸ĿصĿһЩЦݸ֣±õýѩߺ˵ƻһ㣬
߰ɣȻݣ
״ЦһȻһ֣ڶ۵ĿУӥ֮ݵƺƵĸϻݡ

յĴʤӥ֮˵һشϲ£ԴѪݽפӥ֮ſľٶûӥ֮ͻΪԭ򣬴ӥ֮ѡãõòݳԱЩգͷıǿԳ׵׵طй
ֵʢ칦磬ֶ̫Ȥĥ󣬱Ѱ˸ڳֵĴ
ľԺУֶϵ£Ҳ̾һ֪Ҳ뿪׳ǽˣҲ֪ף̴׳ˡ
˼ˣֶȴףڵɻܾĻȥΪںˣԣűŬõԼӵűǵ
ڵȻ߱ԣȻҪУҪŹ¼Ϊۡ

ֶ˼Ʈ䣬ͻȻϸ΢ĽŲҲһЦҲϲְֳ
˵ŻʱתͷЦͬһֻСèĽѩ
ֶ֣ѩҲ΢죬ǽ˻ˣЩΣӲҪ֡
ֶЦҡҡͷȻǲȥʲô
ѩĿſȥЩ۵ӣͻȻӦúܿҪ뿪ӥ˰ɣ
ֶ΢΢һ˵ͷǰȻҪĿߡ
ԣѩĬĬص˵ͷĿЩ˸Уǿ΢ЦĿΪңⴳҪġ
ֶЦЦǰ¹ҫ£Եͤͤˣ΢еʧ
ֶʧ䣬ͻȻһٶȻʱȴǼѩվǰʱĺߣ糺죬Ȼֶ㵵Ŀ£ڽż⣬ĺ촽һĶĳȣٶȸֶϡ
泩ĴУõֶ΢ֱۣס޹ǵСŽѩ⻬ʱֶĸо߽˲ĽӲ
ͥԺУ¹ӰӵӰڵϣԵΪܰ
ȣӣѩù̵ֱֶۣܾͬСӰ㣬ѸٵӴܶȥԼ䣬һϸ
лл
ѸʧٻӰֶҲеδͣ΢΢һЦһˡ
ڽѩһȥֶҲǻ˷䣬Ȼڴ£һһİǬǳУǽġ
Ǭֶ΢΢һЦӿƬ̺һŹֵĹƬУǹƬϣһЩְӡֶĿ⿴ȥǵĻȣɵû
ħԳ䡣
ڵƹķ䣬ֶ͸һ˿˿ĹŹ塣


ڶٶʮ ħԳѪ
ħԳ䣡
΢Щ壬ڵƹҫ£͸һ˿˿ȥħԳЦݣõ˲
ȻȻδõֶţĹƬеŨŨȤ֮ɫ
ռսõֶģһʩչΪħԳ䡱ѧܹıһЩѧֶһμ
⡰ħԳ䡱ֶҲˣʩչ֮ղٶԼȵȣǱǿ˲٣첻ꪡƵĻⳡ֣еʤѷֵζ
Ҳ֪վǴӺδõѧֶȻлⶫֵΣƾŲ²⣬ܹ֪⡰ħԳ䡱ԲѰѧɱȡ
һģתѧܹڶݵʱУõԼõһЩ޻˵Ҳһеƴ壬ѧҪԵøΪΣաСֳֶƳһеĹƬ
ѧƺõǼˡֶüͷʩչˡħԳ䡱󣬼ֱ͸һͷҰһ㣬ǻȡĴ۵ĻֶɾЩòʧˣҰǱӵǣֻелʱܹԼ
Ǽһȫý˲·ŸǸУĽѧ˴ɵĵزȫܹƿĻյʤ͵˵ˡСƲƲ죬мص
㽫ԪƬ֮Уܹõ⡮ħԳ䡯֮Լɣⶫ㵹ҲŲСĺô
ԣֶҲǵ˵ͷһɽɫԪӿƬ֮УԭҰĹƬʱһǿ⣬󣬴ƬϸС֣ǳǰ
Ѫ壬Σ񡭡
ɬĹ֣һֵӡֶԺõüͷҲǻ
Ĺ֣˺ðΣȻ󷽲ŻصȥһöƬٶȻָ֮ɫͬѰ֮
ŹƬָ糣ֶüͷøΪ֣⡰ħԳ䡱еô
⡮ħԳ䡯ȻҪԳ޵ıѪֶתͷϵС
ţ㻹ҪǾѪڣʱֻҪһʩչħԳ䡯ڱǻѪ³ʱĸı䣬õӵ֮С˵ͷ
зգֶһ£
ϻʲôûзգѪ壬δȫǻƽǼһģһЩùģᱻⶫ˲˹һСŰۣ
ֶգɲɹ
ѧҪõ޾ѪжǿҿǼһʩչӦֻ̤ξѰħԳѪѡ
ԣֶ΢Щݣ⻹ֻͨħԳѪѣܹõһЩǿħԳѪʵ൱Ŀֲ
Խ޾ѪԽѣɵļʣҲԽ󡣡ֶʱСǵǴõȻȻһһַգ˭ǿ޵ľѪԻøǿûǸĻˡ
ܹõһЩǿħԳѪҽħԳ䣬ٴףҲܹ⣡
⻰ֶŹƬƲɵý˽ħԳȻзգõҲȷǼΪˡ
׵ʵξڣѰ֣ټǸ߼鱦޽ǹСɵǿߣܹӵһսֶ֮һ㹻õöԷǱĻûǵȺˡ
У΢ЩֶĿ˸ţ֮һŹƬƽ׵Ҫã͵ñ뾭գħԳѧ͵ǰıǾʹ˷ʵЩġ
٣ⶫˣֶ֪ⷬС˿е⣬Ц
š
ֶصص˵ͷǸһĨЦݣҼȻҪұҪǿģԣҪѰһǿħԳѪ
ȻԽǿħԳѪԽѣֶȴ˿壬ȻҪǾ;Բѡεģɴȱ
СӣеǣĿɽУ֪ŶǿޣҲһģȻǰ͡СЦеص
ֶ΢΢ͷȻ΢Щ鷳һ㣬һħԳѪ壬Ϊѧ˵ֱЩ̣ˡ
˾ֶҲһƬպãٶȷһյǬյղأʵҲ㲻̫ķ񣬲ãǬҲöҵĴԪӵŶʮöԪֶȻ㲻һʾ޿Ҳˡ
Ǭһģֶ̲סҪʱһͨţƤֽȴע⣬һţƤֽǳֶС
СؽţƤֶֽ̯ƺһŵͼͼϣԼʮ㣬ЩķλǴһЩɽ䡣
ǡ
ֶüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻĿǿţƤֽ·ÿһ㶼ע⡣
ţɽԳξ
ħƷ壬ɽԳСɡ

ֶһע⣬һ˲䣬Ȼ֮ͫбӿһɿϲ֮ɫЩ㣬ȻһЩħԳڵĵص㣡
ԭ׼ֶɫ˷ܣһĻɾʡ̫ľֻҪͼĵص㣬ӦñܹҵЩħԳ
ȡõħԳѪӦñţɽĴħԳֶһţɽȻתĿ⣬ǵͼϣΪɺ㴦
㣬˵죬ͬѪһۿȥëȻ
ɽħԳ컯Сɡ
ԶŷϽԶԳ컯Сɡ
࡭
ǺͷƤѪֱֶ֣ӱǸоͷ亹ð·壬ڴ˿̱
컯ħԳ
ֶ΢΢˶Ƭ̺󣬷𽥵ŨŨľ֮ɫӿģҲ̫Ѹ˰ɣ
ӿž֮ɫʱֶĵȴǲ֪Ϊεӿһɷ֮⣬Ŀ˸ţܹõ⺳ħԳԶԳһ˿ѪôħԳ䣬ôҿ϶׵ĻһܰѶԷøһ
ջõֶЩء
ܸܲ㣿
ջȻ޴󣬵ֶδȫɥʧǣƫͷСȵʵףҪɹĻһҪСİæ
ֶȵע£СϸܵС۾гһ죬Ŀ⣬ضѪ㣬κ󣬷ֶޱȵע£˵ͷ
Ը㣡


ڶʮ ԶԳ
Ը㣡
С˵ֶ֣·ǱݺݵһѰ㣬Ȼ٣컯ޡȼޣ۴¶ǶĴڣȴڣһЩǣǳֶ֪ξʵȥ컯޵ĻĿ൱졣
Ϊ˭֪
컯ĿﵽһǿߣҲָЩǿߣЩ׺ƥޣΨ˱ᡭ
ô㣿
ȻֶѾСЩҲûäĿţڻһº󣬱ǻָǣʵ
ǰСȷǿڵҲֶµӣƾЩʵԼ컯޵鷳³ֻһǱֱӱһĳ⽴һǺ޻·֡
ԣСҲһ£ЦԸǿԸ㣬ǻҪúõĳﻮ
ֶԣһһؼʱ̾Ͳˡ
ΪͷħԳѡ˭ֻãֶĿٶתеţƤֽضѪĺ㣬ʵ
⺳ħԳԼԶԳƺʲô򵥻ɫһʵǴ컯Ҳ޷˭Ҫ׵һ㡣
ҪӳԶѡԶԳãһ΢ЩѶԸС
ΪΣֶһʵ
ԶԳһӵԶѪޣǵ֮Уһ֮ѪĴڣõ޽У൱ǿһͷԶԳǿߣҿͷԶԳӦûǴڡСص
ȻԶԳڵʵǺħԳͬһΣǱ˵ȴȺǿ˲ֹһΣıѪħԳĻЧʤһ
ȻԶԳǿȺħԳѶԸȻֻڣһȭ䱬һɽʲô¡
ԶԳֶ죬ʵҲףǺħԳԶԳܹӦģҪ˳õǵıѪΨȡУȻĻеĵþ¶ΨвҰܡ
ǱѡԶԳɣڴӥǴʱһ£ȻֱӶǰԶŷϽȵ˵ͷ취βܻñѪ
ֶĿ˸Ǻݺݵһҧ׵¶˾ģһΣͷһѰɣ

ʱ䣬ֶȻͣڴӥǣȻʱ䣬ھȫռԶŷϽԼԶԳĸϸϣ˵鱨ϼ۸񲻷ƣΪܹɹֶȻǲ˿ۡ
Ѽ鱨£ֶԶŷϽԼԶԳҲ˲ٵ˽⡣
ĿΪŲԶĸֹżǴʯˣԶŷϽҲͬˣֻûǰǰѡ
ȻΪԶŴĶûҲԱߣҲһЩõļһõһЩıȻȲϴʯǰ㾪汦ҲõԶŷϽΪԱߵ֮Ͼûдʯַӡ
ԶŷϽУŲ׺ޣһЩͬԶԳһ㣬һ˿ԶѪĴУѰޣҪԵøΪǿһЩʵǿɣǾ֯ɱޣϾ˿ԶѪֵ൱İ
ԶŷϽУΪģֶԤĿ꣬ԶԳ˵йһЩʵҪ⣬ʧص飬˵ԶԳԶŷϽ
Щ鱨УֶҲǷ֣ԶŷϽΧһЩЩǿģһΪŽš˵⡰ŽšڴĿżΪΪ֮Уλ̤ǿߣݣ쳣ǿᡣ
ˡŽš⣬ССҲΪ٣ȻǵʵŽţҪһЩˡ
ܵ˵ԶŷϽҲϸķ٣ӥǣҪǿ

ֶռԶŷϽ鱨գӥеѪݣҲϵس˱ԭƺƴݣڶ̶һҹ֮ˮ󲿷ֵݳԱʱѪݣϵݻ£ҲǱǺԥ
ȻһյĲҰܣõѪݵʿޡ
Ѫ־ʱҲʼΪյſۣһЩձѹòĶԼңڴ˿չʹˮ£ڴĿڣΪ¡
Ϊ֣ӥ֮ȻǲֻᣬһЩв£ʹѪݴĵزеĳԱԽԽ٣úһЩȽĵˣǲòȥ
˭ףˣѪݣǳ׵군ˡ
ڵʱ˵Ҳ˹־棬Ҳñףȴް취ֻܴһЩĵ£ҹǱӳӥǣʧ˵֮С
ڵ״̬պ⾺ǿĴĿУȡ˵ĳɾ͡
յ룬ڴӥԺһʱѪݣǳ׵ڴ˴ӥ֮ݵ˸һ¥Ϊ˴ӥǵ֮
ڼӥ֮ݳ׵ȹڴӥǵĵλʱֶҲǷһѶһ·İӥ֮ݣһЩѩԵ⣬ҲȻҪύԺ󣬻յһЩĻ
ֶףҲǵ˸뿪ʱǰĿΪʵӥǣȻû취õ̫Ľԣ˴ãȴܾ
ˣѪݴӴӥǳĵ죬ֶʽ˸ǣȥǼ˵ĲᣬҲףֶӣȻǲôһССӥ֮С
Ȼ֮УΪģȻǽѩԼСǰΪһЩĪ㺣ߣĵΪСҲֶȥġ
ӥǳſڣֶĿЩȴҧź촽ĽѩҲһ̾
ӣء
ýѩֶҲĬĬص˵ͷŽ׵һȭλڣ
һ䣬Ҳǲ˿ˮһС׻߱Ƿһۻ뻢ХΪһӰӣӶ
ֶԶȥӰѩĿеڻ̲סһ˳Ž۵ջ¡
ֶǳ֮Ī˵ӥǣĿסġŽѩȻ˵ģҲ̾һ
֪ʱȥԵ۵꣬պ󣬱ػڶ죬ˣѰŮӣ޷ֹ


ڶʮһ ԶŷϽ
ԶŷϽڴĿλãӥԼҵ·̣˵ѾǴڴĿԵشЩвΧ
;УֶûΪ飬ֱӶԶŷϽڵȥ
ȫٸ·£ֻʱ䣬ǵִԶŷϽ
վһʵɽϣֶǰǹϵľ޴ɽҲһЩŨŨľɫȻûУѾܹԼظܵԶŷϽ֮صһЩǿϢ
ЩϢ׺ףԼ͸һֹϵζӦñЩӵһ˿ԶѪǿޡ
һܿµϢ
ֶɫأĿɽԼظܵһͷƤϢǵϢ͸˿˿ضΪ֮ıŰϢˣȻǾްĴڡ
ϢӦǴеĿˡСĿ⣬ҲɽȻǸɫ
һֻմ˵֮Ѫѣûʲôµġ
ֶ˷ۣףһƽʱڵͦģһؼʱ̣͸ֲס
С㻹ţ˵үԹǿеĳСʱЩص
ֶҲдһڣǱóСèСεСױǴܽУ½âֱӱǶ·ԶŷϽڴȥ
ⳤദֶСҲ˽˲٣һȻƽϲүүԳƣֶĲ²⣬һһ֮УӦҲֻѣȻĻʱ˵䣬ɲԵôûס
ֶͷת䣬ΣҲֱӴ·ɭ֮УﻹԶŷϽΧԵǻܹٵӰЩӰȺӣнˣϢǲܹѰˣ඼һ㱾£ϾԶŷϽеޣǳǿ׺һ±Ǿ͵ñ޿ʳ
ֶɭ֣ҲһЩĿעӣת˿ȥûʲôڨһЩ֮⡣
ԴֶҲ⣬ֱ̧Ŷ첽ȥ;УǼһЩɢɢޣǿģҲԪԲѡ
õֶüͷ΢΢壬΢еоԾô￴ȥֱǱɨһ㡣
ģŽŵЩ˸ӣҲ̫ˣȻֱӷ˽ԶŷϽ·
ֶʱͻȻǰӰһˣɫŭ
ˣŽʵǿᣬҲû취ַ£ŽһܻôһΣξǵùɡǳŭߵͬ飬Ҳǳ
Ƿϣֵñϴ߲ٵıЩ쵰Ȼе㲻ʣ֡
ˣС㣬ǱŽŵǿɾҪԲ˶ˡһ˵ǵĿ⣬Ǵžؿǰֶ½Ǳ죬첽߹
ڲˣѸԶȥıӰֶüͷ壬û뵽Ȼ顣
ǹŽţֱʵСȻֱӷ
ֶĿ¶֮ɫŽʵ̫ǿɲʲôѪܹȵģԶŷϽһҪȥģȻԶԳʲôӦԡ
ĿֶͻȻϾѸٵشɭ֮У˺ðκ󣬷һïܴͣĿǰ·ĴʮӰֽպý·ڶͬȻͬһֶϲĻӦñǹŽŵˡ
ֶ·ڣǶһȥԶŷϽԹŽűȻǲܴܻĵط
ҲֶϣŽʵȻǿᣬҲܽԶŷϽµģˣֶ˰κѰһյӽ˷Ͻڲ
ϽڲֶܹٹŽŵЩ˼йɵγɶ飬ɢѰеҩԼرʱҲƾ˶࣬һͷͷ׺ɱӶȡ޵
ֶСĴڲѹϢԼŽŵǿ֣ȻʵҪһ֮һŵĻǻԵЩ۵ζĿֻ꣬ǽϽҵԶԳѣŽ̫ĳͻ
ֶСǰ£Ȼ;ٹŽŵĵӣҲûб֣˵һ·Ϊ˳ԶŷϽ
գ
ֶӰƮƮһ֮ϣһΣû̶ĿͻȻǰԶһСϪɽ£СϪͷʯУһɫĻ䣬ſ껨ſʱǻһöĴָСɫСԲ飬䣬һŨζƮһڣĿ
ˮ
ɫ滨֮еɫʵֶУҲӹһĨϲ֮ɫνˮһֿƷҩ챦żΪ˵Чһ˵ʹˮƳ鵤ϣһűܹһöԪĸ߼ۣϾֻҪӵһö鵤Ǳ൱һıϣҲˮ۸񰺹
汦ֶֻ˵û뵽֮УȻܹۼ
ֶĿ΢Щϲؿɫ䣬Ƭ̺ĿתСϪ֮Уҩ඼ػȻǰСϪֶȴܹܵСϪ֮еһ׺Ϣ
һͷξ
ֶСϪɨһЦĻеСף߶ʱΪӶ£䶯䣬Ѹٱս̬СϪһХ֮
飡
ХСϪ֮жʱһˮһӴɫߣǱضСչ˹ơ
ȻĹƣСȴԵ˿ţβһ˦貵׹ž˸𣬺ݺݵһ
СϪ̼䱬ļҴսֶȴ˿żСʵξСɵǿߣټʳԴ޵Ѫ⣬ӵһЩ֮ȻżĿЧˣһһûãǴ·硣
ʱֶ̣Ȼ֣ɫֱ̨˲£ͽ߻أСǳû£Ļצ趯䣬׹˸˲˺ѡ
СʱֶҲ΢΢һЦһƮСϪͷȻСؽһɫھ
ɫأ仨̱ǿήΪĩƮɢȥһöɫʵǰسֶС
еɫʵֶϵЦݣҲŨ࣬һεԶŷϽջ񡭡
Сס
ֶ֣Ҳһɫ΢΢һ䣬ƫͷСϪԶĴϣ֪ʱ˼ӰʱǼˣĿ̰֮ɫضֶеˮ
Ǻǣû뵽ȻܹҵˮҼ˵Ĳ
һǷ·ѽˮ֮Ļֶ˫ۣҲ΢΢УЩΣչ


ڶʮ Ž
ĵӰ£ȻСϪԶֶĿɨλΪᣬӦǹŽŵĵӣǵʵҲֻǳԪֵֶע⣬Ŀ΢һɨ󣬱ǿ˾ߡ
ƫԼʮңݾݣֳֳĻЩʣȻʱ˸̰֮ɫȴǽƻøɸɾ
ԪһξСɡ
ֶĿһɨǽ˵ʵӦ˳УǿӣǴﵽξСɵĵزڹŽУҲһЩλ
ֶ˵ʱ򣬶ԷȻҲڴλȻǸ֪رǵڼϵʬʱͫϸ΢һ¡
Ǽһˮɣǲ׷Ҵĺ˴ֶʱһλŽŵӣȴǻ˻֣ڵ
ԣֶ΢е˫УӹһĨâ
λѣ¹Žִ죬մ˴ҹŽŷشչأǲڣԻ½⡣λֶܹƺЩֶΣ»ֹס˵ԣЦ
ֶƳһۣƽص߰ɡ
ǺǣλѣҪ뿪ĻȻ˻㣬ܹˮǣƬ򣬶ѾҹŽŷеһЩǿ߷ҴĻͲ̫ʰˡ״΢΢һЦ
⻰˵ÿȴŨŨвζŹŽڴˣֶܹѡ
ĻֶɫȻҲ΢Щ䣬ƳǰˣصˮãΪҪ㣿
ΪĶҹŽУǵĶ㽻ʲôԣԣһĹŽŵȵǰģԵøֱ׳ԹŽԶŷϽƬĵλıӦУ
ԣ㲻Ҫ̫ʶ̧٣ŭǣֻҪźţұǿ߸Сӣ¾Ͳʶˮô򵥾ܽˡһˣҲЦ
ֶ̲סЦһЦҿ⻹ǱйŽˣֱӽǿˣӻƷͽЦ
˵ʲô
ֶ˻ĹŽŵӶʱȵ
λѣ֪ʵҹŽţ²˵ľٶɫҲ΢ЩڹŽŵǿʵЩǺԶŷϽж˲ˣʶΪЩɵֶʵԼ˺ҧʬС׵Ļ̱Ƕ֡
ֶҡҡͷʵٸЩԽмǿļһϻתŷϽȥŽŵӡҲڴ˿̱ü
׼ߣ
ֶߣɫǳһȣαӶгΪ콣Ӱֶ
źţ
ڶֵͬʱУҲǷһ
ߣ
ĹƣֶҲһβܣ콣ʱȻһȭͷһȭ

Ľݺݵغֶȭͷ֮ϣ֮еѪɲûг֣Ǳһ𻨣ǵƣͬһ㣬Ӳĺ𾪵֮ϡ
ͣ
űУ̱ǸоһɼΪǿӿڣ·ǱλãһѪҲǱĵɶص·СϪ֮С
ǼһбǱ죬ŽŵӣȻҲһ£Ȼӿһɾ֮ɫξСɵʵȻʵȻһͱֶУ
췢źţż䣬һ˼æߴٵ
ԣһҲǸϽͷͳһöźŵȻǽһХ𣬽ţһȷ˸׹βݺݵس֮ϡ
飡
ͳֱ֮ӱɣصײ֮ϣ۵һڣѪϣǱСǴ֮βһںۡ
ֶƮ£вž֮ɫˣ˼Ҫ׽鷳ʱɫͻȻ΢΢һ䣬̧ͷɭֱ棬ǿϢٸģȻҲǹŽŵ
ߡ
üͷ΢壬ֶˮǬȻСкһαӶ˸䣬ʧɭ
ֶʧ󲻾ãƷҲǶȻӰ԰£ųǱˣüͷһ塣
ô£ǿߣһλ׳͸һۻ֮⣬ӿԪ˾һλξɵǿߡ
˴ˣǵֵˮǿȥǼһѾӽ˷ϽǱĴСϪȻҧгݵص
ǰʱǼһﻹǹŽţ佻֣Сʵ̫ǿһͷǿĳˣҲǼæϵ
ǱΪӣƳһۣǵΣ֪⻰Ųö٣ŽŵϣȴǲƣرڣȻǴ˳ȥԺŽʩз˭һĻǵ鷳
֪ͨȥѰһһͷγӣѰץҲ֪ͨҽѰˡƫͷһ£ص
ǣ
ԣ¶ʱӦһȥ
죬ȥ׷ˣˣ˻طһӣӽɭԣҲǼæͷȻѸٵظȥֶĻȻܹʰ

ֶδڲŲɭУżͷƳƳܹоԶԶĺ󷽣Ϣ׷һǴﵽξɡ
Ͻǿ޵ǲ١
ֶĿһ·Ӧ˲ʮԸξǿϢϽȻΪΣա
㾡ǰڣЩޣֲϢСʱͻȻ𣬶ֶǸоһĲڵʯɢȻ
ֲɢ£ֶҲǸоϢ·ڴ˿̱ȫһ㣬Լ޷ӦӿŨŨľϲ֮ɫãСҲȫĲס
Ҫ׷ңûôס
źһЦֶٶȶȻӿ죬ڣȫڸϢٶʩչ£ܿģ󷽵ϢǱ˦ԶԶģˣҲǼΪƣϾǿ޷׵ϢĲ̫󣬽ΧЩǿĻ¾͵ˡ
׵ؽ׷˦ѣֶĴɭԼʮӺٶȣǻػʱǰһ޴ɽȣɽΧźպպǣҲ֪޻Уһɹɼ˱ɽУӿ
ֶСɽһˣȻĿɽ֮УʱһԼʮҵľ޴ӰӣĵسҰ֮С
һ޴ӰӣֶҲǺݺݵһܹоǵ޴ӰѹȾŶôǿѹ£ξǿߣֱͬһ㡭
ֶ˵λĹ⣬ϢΪǿĴڡ
ԶԳ


ڶʮ ޹
޴Ӱӣɽ֮УϢһɢ·ƬصԪǲҿǰȥӶɽΧγһȦԪϫĹ⻷ȥ졣
ȻСıֶ֤ȻǱǵ޴ӰôҳһڣףǱԶԳĻ½յ³൱ҡ
ҫɽǵ޴ӰϣֶļһͷԳͨڣȥΪӲľһ㣬ԾĹ·ֻҪԻ£ܹص
ͷԳףΪңͷλãȻһֻĺڽ̽ڽ֮ϣŻɬӵ·һɹ϶ǿζɢ
ǣҲԶԳ֮Ѫһǹ˵ǿ󣬲򲻵ѣԶԳҲ׶áСֶ
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ֶͬСʵҪȡԶԳıѪǾͱҪ߳ƣ飬ֶȻǰ첻ģֻҪһ¶棬ԶԳһҪ߸ƣǸǲܵ顣
Ҫȵȵȣɲ棬ûôɡСҲǶһЩ棬ȻͬǰЩ֣ҪȡѪͱԶԳڵֲԳĶ֣һǳһѭľ档
ֶ΢΢ͷεûٶ˵ʲôһʯ棬Ŀʱʱضɽ֮пȥڱԶԳ֣Ŀ⣬ںйͣҴһƳǸæƿϾ˭Ҳ֪ǿޣǷڱ˵Ŀ⣬ҲķӦ
ֶһȣǽʱ䣬ҲɽһСʱ˿ȥͬʯһ㡣
ȴҲȫûЧʱ𽥽ӽʱɽ֮ԶԳվӴȻŵضɽҡĲɽ֮ȥӦȥʳ
ԶԳԶȥֶҲӿ־ϲ֮ɫȴûмɽȲ̽Ǿ˰κ󣬷ŲŽâɽȡ
ɽ֮Уɭ׵޹ۣһŨðǵζŻ
ֶǿȻС޴ɽתɽΪԶԳרأԶŷϽеһأ໹ޣ̤ȻģҲŲϡҩǰǿֶЩۻҡ
˵Щ۲ֶû³çժȡЩҩǲӿ죬Ƭ̺ǵִɽȵڲ
ֶɽڲʱһСӣǳУеˮ֮ɫѪĹ죬ȻֶĿģֻѪĳˮǳ룬ȻöһһСѪ
öѪΪĹ죬״ޣһһΣϸȥƴնһ㣬ȥеëȻ
ǡֶ㵵һһСѪɫ޹ЩãȻ
޹СֳĿͬЩȵѪеĴСѪЦԶԳĺȻҪ޹
޹ʲôãֶʵ
޹ȻһΪ֮ֶ΢Щ֮ҲΨһЩӵŴмǿ޷֪Ҫ޹Ҫ޾ѪɽЩǣӦñǱԶԳȡ˾Ѫɡ
ôݡֶЩզ࣬ԶԳǲһ֮·񣬾Ȼ˵ĺ
ֻҪȵ޹죬ԶԳܹ֮ٶȽʱܹǿߡ⣬ⶫ˵ͬǾ߱ЧȻҲͻƵ˵ЧҲܲСЦеص
ܹͭŽơ
ŶֶЩݣǽͭѾԾ˿ͷʱ䣬ôȻû취ֽͭȻڣ޹Ȼܹﵽַ˼Ч
ҪȽⶫȡߣֶ۾תת޹ȻһıȻ񿴼ˣв֮
ö޹棬ԶԳӡ˽ժߵĻ̸ܹӦͬʱܲ͵֮˵ķλֶʱСȴͬһˮõ彩Ӳ˽ԶԳĻǿӶûӣɲʵܹӹһͷﵽ컯ʵ׷ɱ
ٺ٣ӡܽڸǡȻСĻȴõֶǱ̻һϲθڡ
ǸϽְɣȻԶԳˣҲǵóӵķϡֶæߴٵ
СЦһƮɶצ趯ʱһȭϺڹӿΪһСڶֱϢĽö޹˽ȥ
޹ʧǳˮҲͻȻһǹɲɢǱСѹȥ
ߡ޹֣С̷ɻأߴٵ
ֶҲǼæ˵ͷҲ˿ɣ½âĴܳɽȣȻʼ񱼣˵СܹԶԳµӡһԳعȣǻᷢ޹ժȡʱȻ᳹׵ıŭԱȸϽ˲
ֶηɿشɭ֮УСæϢ˿±޲ڵֻ뿪ܹ󵽣ŭеԶԳǺεȵĿ¡
ա
ֶĽżһһ㣬αӶּ˲䣬ͷͻȻһݣȻӣĿ⾯ǰĵӰ
ʱ˽£һͷʬ壬ͷޣֶɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ΪʱһһͷʵﵽСɵǿޣ񣬾ȻЩһɱˣ
㣡
ֶΪξСɵʬʱͻȻһеϤŭȻֶ΢Ŀ⿴ȥֻУǰǱһȭɵƷҲڡ
Žŵˣ
һƷɣֶͷ΢΢һû뵽ôȻЩһײ档
ͷ΢ʱֶĿ⣬ҲɨĵӰǷ֣Էǿе£Ʒ⣬һλξɵ׳ҡͷͫǣһλͷβδ˵Ļҷߣ裬ȥɸݣƤȴǳһֵɫóߣȻҲˣʵǿ󣬾ȻǴﵽСɵĵز
ϣǰһǵˮǹŽţֶƷҲſϲȻæҷߵ
ԣֶɫʱѿһЩŽŵʵЩϡ
СϷƽϣˮ̹ԶŷϽպҹŽڴԶ˱ᡣߣĮؿֶһۣ
˻ֶͷҲЩаӿԷǿҲףʱӲƺֲô
ֶˮǣһö޹ҲǣȻֶתͷʱСթޱȵͻȻ
ԣֶһȻҵһ£һȻǡ


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СӣϵĻѵߣǱˣƣձԲ˶ߣȻǻҷûֶֻ̳ЩʣȻҲǲҶǰߵĻ˿飬һֶɣȵ
ֶ۾΢΢У¶һĨ֮ɫ·ǼΪĲһ㣬Ƭ̺ջɥ̾һһһöѪǳС
ҲѪɫʵó˲䣬ֶƺȻӦ˹ΪѸٵһ֣ǽѪУٶʱһöԲɫĹʵٶȳ֣Ȼһҧ˦졣
ٺ٣ʶࡣˮʧãҲЦһ
ֶ䴫һͺߣȻˣʱλҷߣȴ͵̤һվס
ĺУ֮ǰǶһ˿֮ɫ
ˮѾˣǻʲô״ֶһĨŭ
ǰöѪң
ҷ˸Ż֮ɫĿضֶȰƣնֶ˿ķԣǰֶóѪĶɲǣĸоǿõƤǳϸ΢оõףѪȻ汦
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СӣӦףƾξСɵʵûκʸ񷴿ǡҷ߶ֶޱص
ԹŽֻҪѪϷԲ㣬պŽҲΪ㣡
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ԶԳôһ֣ԶŷϽǷ޷Ӵܣ³ΪŭԶԳеùй֮һʱ䣬
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ԣǺ췢Ҳǲɵ¶Ľ֮⡣
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ԶԳ
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⼸ŽǿһԶԳ컯ޣҲǲСºڹͬˮĴӿͷϿգγһƬɫװ״Ķ

ʯصǹ֮ϣ֮춯أڴһ籩㣬ϯ

ΪϽ֮еİԶԳȻǲܱѹŴڽŽһº壬ȻٶӶž޴ȭͷһȭȭֱʯӲһһʱ䣬Ƭأڲϵرһɹɾ춯صԪ籩
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֪ǹŽһ֮ǿᣬԶԳǿ
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٣ԽԽȤˡ
һĻֶǵЦݣ


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ԶԳ
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ҲǸȡԶԳѪʱˡ


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̤ŵضɽҡĲԶȥԶԳŽУ˶ƣ̱ȥڵشŴһٺģ
ŽɫٿǱ޴ʯٶȲ֮һƬǽɽţ۽ǳ鴤ţŭӿ
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ԣǻҷϸæͷȻתǰȥʰŲо֡
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⣬ɵ˼ʶԶԳܸоЩԾ
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ҹŽڴ˶꣬ٵˣҲųʹʲô취ҪԶԳƴܾˣǺ֮ǹŽŵص
ʱ䣬һΧЩ˭ʱʲô춯ҹŽŵĵˣ
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ŹŽɭӣ췢ҲæӦ

ڹŽæʰоʱֶȴңңĸԶԳӴһǱϢ֮޻࣬ӵøɸɾﻹյĸ
ȻֶܹдȻΪСæڸϢԵʣȻĻҲûǵӸһͷŭûзй컯
ǹŽҲˢӣȻܹ컯ԶԳƳʱֶǰǹŽŵǿͷͷҲ΢΢ЩȻһŵʵȻǲû컯ǿߣʵǿԶԳҲòѡ֡
ţŽʵУȻҲǴȻƾλļһ濹⣬ɲԶԳһĵġСֳ
һĲСһƣܵôСֶСʵȻԶԳƺһЩͬҪɱĻȻһƵ顣
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С죬Ǽֶǳ鴤ǣ´ŭСӣδҲ̫˰ɣȫʢʱڣĪ˵ȡһһѪоѪȫҲֵֻ̧̧£ܹӵɰգǷǳˣȻȥһ컯ǿûǱȡľѪ
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ԣֶĬĬص˵ͷֱ£ʼĵصȴš
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ԶԳεķŭȻǲϴ״̬оȻĳһѪ˵ֱһܴ裬޹ʧûõ˵ķ
ܵĴҲõԶԳͬĻɽһ㣬ƬƬԭʼɭֱ̤ƽأе޶ǵ˴ùԶԳһʲôʵһɲǱڵ˳ȥҲ֪ǻ
ĿֲƻҲõֶͷڣٶӿ죬ͷӴԼʮӺһתܽһ֮ǰѾƻõɽ壬ɽŲ޶ĴڣǶ֮ܵ
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ԶԳڿϰЪʱɽ֮еֶҲǻ˫ۣǣһĨЦݸ֡
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ƵֶûСͷ׼û㽫ڣɡ

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ڴԪЧ֮£Щֶϵ˳ˣֶҲ𽥵ظоԪ֮дһЩݽߵĸоæ̷Ԫ֧ʱڵһԳѪͻȻϸ΢ز䣬һ˿˿ӫ⣬ɢ
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ձԣǿߣܹŶǿ


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ЩһﾹȻëûһǱĹңʱñףŭɽԶԶĴ
С飬´Ϸ㣬ҪƤ


ڶʮһ 
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ԶʱһĿ꣬ΪĿ꣬ѾŬʮ꣡
٣ԳѪħԳȻǿᣬȻܹõСɵǿӲƴСƵسֶϣֶĿҲЩ죬Ц
ԣֶ죬ħԳǿʱĵҲ𽥻ָ״̬ʱǰսµһʹŴӶõ̲סһ
ֻܶݵĿˣħԳʱһ͵óˡֶЩźصʵϾξСɣСɼһһΣħԳ䣬ͭҲ޷׵Ŀ֮ĺ蹵
ֶģֻҪܹٽһﵽξɵĻʱ򣬱ܹĻСɵǿߣ
ڻϴεʵܹһءֶ΢΢һЦ̨ħƵǿǼΪϲִĵ̣ȷǲ
ô죿Сʵ
ȥǴĹűֶǴĹűԶŵżбȻǵɽĹĹɱȣܹеõʲôĻʵɽž޴ߣҲҪԣǷܹǴĹűУõһЩ鱨
٣⵹ǿȥڴ֮ǰҾ㵹ӦȽ۹ꪽ߼鱦ĻһЩԣСҲǵ˵ͷ
߼鱦
ֶüͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳףܹ۹߼鱦ĻǱȻܹʵĹűڴĿΪǷ۴Ҳ൱עıأĹűɽĹĹ΢ЩСˣͬģĹűǿߣȻҲԶǹĹɱȡ
Ĵ壬ӦûĶǲֵĻףȻֻ֡
뵽˴ֶУҲЩâӿһιĹеǷɻεļأ˴лᣬʵʵֻһˡ
ЩǿĶ֣еƲһĻп̵ܱͷûһڹĹֶΪʵΪõı඼˿۵ģȻ۹ꪣȻǳġ
ϴεľ飬һΣֶɲٸļ©µıԣõԼеǿһЩõѡ
Ҫǿ۹ꪣҲҪʦܰ쵽ھǵزһЩ롣ֶеεص
ȥĿһĳУȻʦĴڣֻҪ㹻ı겢ԱϣǻǿġСص
ԣֶһɣǵ˵ͷĹűſһΣλᣬֵõȴ꣬ᣬûôʱȣԣΪ˱ǸϽ۹ǿ߼鱦ĲΣҲõڴĹűеĵƶһ㡣
ĹűڴĿλãƬǴĿΪĵشŲʵǿĴУҪѰҵʦǲѣȱٵЩϣѰһᣬֻҪǮĻҪӦ㲻̫ѡֶǬȡһͼ쿴ǵ
ԴСûʲô飬±ǵ˵ͷ
ȻˣǱ㶯ɣʱ䣬˴δĹűӡʱҲˣҲڷӡʱǿˡֶһЦ
ߣ
һ䣬ֶСף߶ʱһХ֮𶯣Ϊһ⣬ӹʡ
ӵ֮С׵ٶȣֶǸϲϣȻҲʡȥʱ䡣

ĹűĿӴ˱ƳȱӵźεӴ
Զż˵ЩʱУһɵʵһ֮ǵʵŽЩţ֪ǿ˼ǧ򱶡
ĹűһԶɵ౦õκΪ֮Ķȱصջ£ֶʵ벻ʲôԼǿܹӣ˵ǴĹűʱǿߣ¶ǻӵͼԶżУһЩܹԼ̥ǰѧ߱
ҪӴѰӱûе㱾µĻֻܱ˿еʣ

ĿֶƲ⣬춼лһΪӴΣյĿأȷ鴫
ֶ˴εĿģǴĿһسǣΪǣǣڴĿеĴУŽǰ֮Уģ֮ƴ󣬳޷񣬶УĹűڴҲҵ·̣˵ҲΪӽȻΪҪģֶ֪⼸ʱ䣬һʢڴչ⣬ΪҪĿġ
Ҫ۹ǿ߼鱦һ׵飬ҪһЩΪϡҰĲϣЩϣִֻУܹá
ߣֶԶԳ͵һö޹ǽĻʵŲС޹ڶ޾Ѫ񱩵һ൱µĵزֶҪ˳ҲҪһЩҩкֿ֮ȻĻҲֻܸɿš
ԣ˴ǰǣ󲿷ֵ˼ǳǳȥ
ǾԶŷϽ൱ңԶһξ룬ֶС״Ҳͣķ˽ʱ䣬𽥵ؽ뵽ĿһպͬԶޣƽԭ֮ϵȻֵسֶ֮С
Сױϣֶʮ׳ǴСӴҲǳ֮ɫȣúǲ׳ǣƧζˡ
ǣǣ


ڶʮ Ľܷܷ
޴ĳУĴƽԭ֮ϣڰҹɫ£ͬԶŵһ㣬ɢһļµϢ
еĳǽΪΡ룬һֱӵ߾ͷȻߣɴ˿ɼǵŶôĿֲ
ֶСھǻһξʱСٶȱóСèΣܽС
Ȼ˴лһЩ룬ͨ˴ĵ·ϣȥ˵֣׳ǣ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ŻСףֶĿ΢΢һЦŲĲǴȥڳſڴȻǳ쳣ӴȻõô˴ӵֶһ󣬷˳Ľ뵽Ӵĳ֮С
׳ֺۣ롣
УֶһȥͷĸֽʱҲһӴĳУٲȻһС͵Ĺȡ
վֵϣֶδ̾ãȻǼڳѰһĿջΪ˾ϵǲμǳ¡صᣬǽ·ִ̣ĿĵأҪ£Ǹæ
ڿջϢһҹֶƣľ񷽲ŻָͬʱҲǳûӿջСõ˲ٴйص鱨
յ鱨˵УССΪӴ󣬶Ҵ۸ӣˮֱǲ֪˺δ׳ȣֱ͸ɾøʲôһ
ڶУƴǵףֶҲİǱĿպڣħԼˡ
ȻȻ˵ܲڴˣ̾ģֻеһϴֲˣǵʵҲˣгһԴϷֵ״̬
ƾһֲܹڴӵλʵȷ൱ĺˡ
˴ֶĿ֮һνᣬٰ췽ˡ
ΪΪӴߣ˻ھ棬ȲȴԶԶħŵܺͣҲֻΪӴˣܹĿУӵ㾪˵ĺ
ңҲΪٰᣬ̶ʱ䣬ǵȴһֲֿٶţֶͬ˼ˣʵĹűӡʱѾܿˣ˭֪ĥѿ񹦵ĵܹڽĹű֮ǰõһЩǿ鱦ѧҲܹõԼڴĹűеõļʣøһЩ
ԣһᣬΪʣͬʱһ㡣
ִֶʱῪʼѽֻյʱ䣬ʱ䣬ڵõԼҪ鱨󣬵ǲûйǰڿջֱ峿ʱǽյ˫ۡ

յĴǣҪոΪֶ֣ջУҲܹҡҡͷʰ˿ջȻűǵȥʱ˵ĵ̣ᣬҲٰ졣
ڴĿֵطҪٰᣬΪҪģǾٰ췽ʵȻĻпܳһЩǿƷ飬ϾĿʵΪʲôģＫΪıԣȭͷӲûʲôĻٰᣬֻȡˣң˵ʵûʲô˸ɣԣܵ˵ⳡᣬ൱аȫС
ֶڳпٵĴ˽СʱҺǵִĵص㣬Ӵʮ˵ľеľ̾ٶӿ֣̻ԵЩˣȻߵʵԱȣҲͬЩ̫ɱ࣬Ҳ֡
⣬Ŵ˵ά򣬵Ȼ֧ţнյԼĿ⡣
ͨŲٵֶͨûȥΪӵͨΪϤĴһͨ룬һָ߼ͨڣλҲֻҪһǧԪѡ
һǧԪǰֶݺʹһ㣬ҲЩʲǮĵġ
ڽ˴Ԫ˳ĽѰһ΢̨λãʱͷϣٶȳ˺ɫңòڣ˵ά򣬵Ʋ¶׵ĵֶ׵ģرӵᣬСĽһЩܹûġ
ֶҲԴԴϵͬϰӿ޴̶һСʱҵʱ䣬ʮ˵𽥵رѹѹȺ⣬ӵͬħ㣬޿ײĴ˷ʴ
ֶµ˫Ŀգͬɮ붨㣬ǰֱǱ˶ȥ붨״̬ԼʮӣͻȻһΧЩƺŻ۵ơ
յ˫ֶۣĿǰһźɫȹŮŶŮӿȥƺΪᣬѩ˳˿һ򵥵ţ͸һ˿˿ġ
ڽǶԵʣֶֻܼһŲȻܹǾµЩǵŮӵòȻֻˮ
ȻΧЩͻȻóĿУҲܹó
ңõֶǣŮӾȻܹõλϣݣӦҲǼΪĲ򵥡
ٺ٣û뵽εᣬħŵﶼ˹
ǴħŵĽܷܷɣСħŮǺųƴħŰѵһǰòƻˮ𣬾˵ħڣźЩ꿡Ϊ֣һЩϳ棬»Ҫֵø󡣡
Ŀˣж˶СŮû룬ܹڻУٻʮ궼Ը⡭

ֶΧЩ˽ͷȴ΢΢һԸлȻԭǴħŵˣѹܹܵǰ
ĽܷܷʵӦǴﵽСɵĵز
ֶ죬̲סذզ࣬¼ȻǲԻν꿡ܣɲܱף٣ǰλԴħŵСŮӵʸ
Ҳ֪Լڵһ̳ʲôʵֶĿ˸еһЩȵζ
ֶĿⶢĽܷܷٻӰʱ߷·Ҳ΢΢ƫͷһͬһ˫˺󷽵ֶ޳ëգ£޾ջǵĿע£ֻҪѪߣڱһаܶ

ڵı仯ֶͷȻһݣνҲһ־Ӧãܹܵٿء
Ů壬һһЦ䣬ܹǣȻǸСҲڴ˿̴һЩ֮
塣
ֶһ蹬ӿĽܷܷ⾡
ڵʱֶƫͷ˿ȴǼһЩһɫǺ죬΢΢ţ߸ߵ¡ԵüΪǱ
ģȻǸСŮ
һĻֶ۽Ҳһ鴤Ůˣƾһ񣬱ܹŪָ֮䣬ȷе¡


ڶʮ 
ֶܹԼĿº޶λĽܷܷȻҲеС죬һǰתһȦȻ󷽲ջĿ⡣
ŮջĿ⣬ֶҲ΢΢һֻҪŪһЩܹʹ۹ꪽĲϵĶѣɲֿȴ̵ʲôӴ
ĽܷܷջĿ󲻾ã½½һЩӦһЩݲǰţȻϯЩˣǰǻĽ̸ܷܷ֮кòԵʣģݡ
ħţȷ۴ܹһĿУǰĴڣ˸ǡ
ԽԽ˳ֶ֣ҲͷջĿУ蹬ڵıȴϸ΢һ£ȻЩ̧ͷʱǰĹϯϣٶһȺӰ
Ⱥ˵ϢǼǿΧڼʱɫȴ൱ļɵϣֶܵۻľȻЩһ޾
⣬ڸ־ʱֶҲеķ֣ǵһ˿·һķʽ壬뻳Уƺеʲôһ
ǡڵˣ
ֶĿ΢΢һЩһľǿ󣬶ЩֵǣЩ˵ľһԼζѰǰ㴿Ρ
ǾģӦñǵķˡֶ˼ƲźۼеǬ棬ҲһеȷֻÿʩչⶫҪĴԪһֶδȡԵС
˵ЩڵˣǴһ߷˽֣潻֣ȴʹþǣƹһ֮£ʤ٣Ҳǵ³˲ŽҪԭ򣬱Ͼ˭ЩʹйٵĿƴһ
ֶĿȺڵȺɨɨȻǶһϣҲһλȥʮҵˣģ㣬ɫЩĲ԰ףҲʱ̹һЦݣЦݣ˷ϢȴõЩ
ӸЩ˽Уֶ֪˵ݣΪڣ˵һλ֮ӣͬʱפӥǵĻλ൱͡
һľ¾ͻƵʦ̫Զˡֶ͸ľ΢΢һһ¶Ҫ۵ˣ۳ɹĻǽ˳Ľʦױ
ĿһȷҲ˱
ֻǡڵ侫ֶȴ΢ЩоЩ֪ΪԵʡ
ֶ䣬ΪڵӣҲΪһԵĽ̸ܷܷţǷģ˿еİĽ֮⣬ĽܷܷȻҲǾΪԷЩݵԵʣ΢Ц䣬ȲԵù׽ҲԵ̫ܣ߶Ȱգ൱֮á

Źϯ𽥵ԲУҲǽһһ׷ߣЦеسǿ̨ϡ
ǺǣϷλһι±ɣճɸλϷڴ˴ˣλлһ
׷ϣźƵЦݣЦǺǵЦۻԪİ£쳹޴
ʵ治ȻֱһξСɵǿᡣԳߣֶҲһĨ죬૵
ῪʼǰһЩ׻ֶ˲٣˶ڽߵ߶߶ֱӣӺЩδͣ죬һǰʱòŲ̣̊
λǽսҪĵһƷף˼ҴǽʦƣѴͼ鱦ƷʣܹϣǱȻܹһϣ
ۣһԪ
׷߽ӹ̣ƿʱһɫڼףǳУ䣬Żȵ¶ȴɢ
鱦ڼסڼףֶüͷ΢΢ַ͵鱦ŲСȤֻǵͼ鱦ĲΣ΢ЩۣҲףЩԪõķ鱦Ҳᵽ֡
ֶȻͼ鱦ڳȻŲЩĶϾ鱦ڼױʱ򣬵ȷܹһ
Щ˵£ǻ׵ļ۸ҲǴһԪֱǵһļ۸󷽲űһλ˳֡
ֶбӣףտʼֻССֶѣıڸ档
ֶ̬翴Ϸؿ˺ǰ֮;ûгһΡ
ʱ£ֵ̨ƷҲ𽥵رЩеգҲǱԽֵطܵʲôһǧĸо
ħ۽ģһֱȽϺĽϣ鱦ϼ֮۸ǧԪ
״ֶ̬仰ȴͻȻ˹ϸһĨЦݣ۹ꪽҪһֲ֮һּ۸񣬵Ҳܹܡ
˵ֲϵˣԶռҲŲ˶˼ԣ̶̼ӵʱ䣬ǿħ۽ģǱ̧һöԪļ۸
һǧöԪ
ͻȻ˻õһЩԴе˼ĿͶǱסˣһ£ֻȼ΢һ£ں̼ӵԪļ۸£ֻѡ
˵ķħ۽ģ˳ֶС
ڽУֶһЩҪĲϣ˵΢еС鷳ܹԪʱЩϣҲ֮
ͬˮ㻨ȥĴԪֶҲ̲סسһ£;թǵһʣڵҲֻܸɵţˣⷬɹҲǻ֮һĴԪʲ
еĲ϶ȫֶҲһǮǺð£ȻĻһȥЩϣ֪ҵ¡
ҪһƷӦҲһ鱦Ǻǣƺ㹥鱦ֻ͵鱦
̨ϣǰ׷ЦеĽǰĽƿ¶һŻɫţ֮ϣ·µķģԼ䣬͸һ˿˿ص
˼ʦţ֮ãȻԪû̫İڷʦ˵ӦǲĶ
˻һЩھûʲôˣʧҡҡͷȻԴ˲Ȥ
ֶĿ⣬עǹŻɫţüͷȴ΢΢һ壬֣ľҪ̽ⶫʱֱӱŸ˻
ЩȤֶ૵
Ǻǣţ۸Ԫ
۸ֶȴǰҡͷȻܹ񣬵۸ȴЩ˵㡣
ֶе㲻򵥣ƺǷӡ˵ʲôܷӦòġ
Ȼֶ׼ʱСͻȻ


ڶʮ 
Ŷ
СͻȻֶҲ΢΢һĿǹŻɫţֻӵһЩܵĻǾԲֵöԪ۵ģȴǳôߵļ۸񣬿˵ЩʦȻȫȷкϸҲӦЩ֮źּ۸
˵ţеƶĲĵģԼֻδĹܵĻǱ׬ˣûеĻǾͿˡ
ԣСĻʱֶҲԥһ£ջǶǰߵռϷ磬Ȼһʱ̫ףؼʱ̵Ļһų̶ȵġ
νţȻҲһЩ˽ֶܹоӳɨɨȥҪⶫźεȰּܺ۸񣬲֪ΪűԵʣֽţЩҲֶͬһ㣬ûȡʲô̫õĽ
һǧöԪ
е˽ﲢûгãһ̽ԵĳۣȻöԪȻСĿܹóˣҲ̫١

壡

ͷҲǳ˸ߣߵļ붼رĸߣȻ⹦Члȷţе
Ǵ˷ĺУŵļ۸Ҳ𽥵öԪңٽţ۵˱ǽСࡣ
Ԫ
ںϡһЩͻȻ䣬һĵڳ̱ǽһЩѹһͣĿ˳ȥֻǺ֮ˣȻǰڵĻڡ
һλ֣˶εҡҡͷȻû취ᣬԣڳۺ󣬳ҲǰһᣬΪҪ˳ʱһͻȴǲ˽
Ԫ

̱ڳһƬȻһȵĿ˳ȥȻǼǱסͷӰ¾ǴһЩ˽
ӼȻҲǻһ£üͷ΢壬ƫͷĿעźǵӰ
ΪĿĽ㣬ֶȴɫƽ΢΢һһľȻӶƺҪ̽µӡ
ߣ
һֶ蹬ڵı΢΢һӳһ񲨶һ̽ľأȻҵĿ⣬ǰĻڣȻǵ̽ӦǺ
ף
ֶ̽ǻȻҲЩȣһǸһĨµЦݣĿһ߰㣬ֶһۣջĿ⣬ص򡣡
һļ۸õò˶е㶯ݣĽǴԪ۾գҲգľͶ˳ȥҪģ˾޿ȥһܶлȫš
ʮ򣡡
Ȼ˵Ľոӿֶ֣ǹž޲ֱӾõò˵һλĽܷܷٶ̲סػͷһһЩؿһۣʮԪܹ˵ĺûǲеġ
ֶ۸£ǻƤҲ΢΢һ£΢еΣûۣʱ»ԣҲÿۣŻһ߼鱦ܸȤļȥô֪ʮԪȥһö㲻ţǾʵ̫ݳ˵㡣
ֶεĺۣסȫðκ󣬶˿ڣ״ǰ׷ߣҲе㿺ܵں˼󣬱һ䶨ʽɡ
Ḷֶ́˿ûаıǰģ·ʮԪʲôһ㣬⵹õòڲ²ţǴӺδĴ֮ˡ
Ȼ˭֪俴ƽ£˿̣ȴǺŲӣʹʮԪģûʲôõĻһҪˣ
ֶȻǳСȥģʵǰںļ۸ʱǴּ۸ȴνʵ̫Ķһ㣬ҪʱСȴǲϵزõΪʹĺļ۸
Ȼں۸ʱֶоǼ˵ĺڣޱȵǻܹټһμۣõǰڵǣǸ쵰Ȼʱˡ
ûֵĻ
ֶҧгݵʮԪһͳȥʲˮһˣպֵʡԼˡ
СӣҲ̫ûʶˣʮԪʲôһЩģүһʱῴ϶Ѱ֮ֶڼ䣬СǱӵҲ
ûۻɣֶݺݵص
̨ϣڽ˳һļ۸󣬽Ųٺöϳ֮УֶǼһﵽϳ˰ƷѧֻǸߴ۸ֱõѡ˷ңɲЩݳ޻ˡ
𽥸ɱ񣬽ֶļΪ˿ͣἴӽβʱٴγ֣ʹԪһΪϡҩ͡޹ֿ֮ı֮Ҳݲֶ֡
ԪٴͳҲõֶ׵ʣһЩԪǲٶãΪʦǿ۹ꪣҪһʲƵĴԪ
̶һСʱҵʱ䣬ʲԭﵽʮԪֶٶõ̵ףڴĿֵطǹöô࡭
ãȻ˲ٵĴԪֶҪĶȫɹ֡
𽥵ؽӽβֵƷҲԽԽϡ۸ԽԽֶ߰Ϊȡ
˴ѹ֮һΪƵؼסĸ߼鱦˵ǴӴĹű֮ı۸ߴʮԪҲǿ𾪣һʵԪ˴ֱܹξǿߵĹ鱦ھĹҲһķЧǶһҲõֶΪĴѣȻǸ߰ļ۸񣬰ϳȥ˶
ƵؼסʮԪǻߣǱˣֶһŵĻڡ
һڵܣҲĲƴ֡
ջȵᣬֶҲһֱųȥһΣҲջС£͸ȥ۹ꪵĽˣ۹ܹɸ߼鱦ֶսɻһΣ


ڶʮ ̴ʦ
ֶȥڲԼ򵽵ȡ֣֮бǰһŻɫš
վľСУֶеĹɫţִһƬ֮ϣڶµķģһۿȥԵüΪĻɬ븴ӣǿĵĻƺеʲôŵֶ̽⣬ǰţûаĶõ˲ЩɣǿƻɬķģǷֻһӶѣĻһΣֶҪѪˡ
ƽţֶɫ΢Щѿݺݵصһ򵽵ĶǬȻתгȡݣٶȻص뿪׳ǰĴԪҲǽӽݽߵĵز
֪ͶթǵһˡֶЩڣΪʮԪܶˣһ㶫֪ʮҲð
еСףֶε̾һڵĻȥʦ۹ꪰɡ
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ᵽʱֶ۾̧ͷǴһԵȡгĺȹŮӣλħŵĽܷܷ
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Ŀڶ࣬ĽܾʶֶλڴħӵŲ͵λŮӣΪλͻȻ˵Ҳû̫ʧ̬ǰȻǣȴףһŶ̵õ壬ҪչȥĻ³òȥ
ֶҲѹ£ԵЩ˻ƣԭĴı仯
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Ǻǣܷܷԭڴ˴
һõֶ΢еϤӺֶµüͷ΢΢һ󷽣ֻڵĻڣЦе߹
ǻߵĽܷܷʱĿ⣬ǿǰֶ˫΢΢һУ˵ȻǹһЩЦݣֻЦݣֶԵ൱䣬ǰ߶ǰУ߻Ǻнٵġ
ˣԶڻڵĿ⣬ֶǲû⣬Ľܷܷ˹֣ȻĽ£±һǡ
£ֶҲǲһԵĻڣֱǴԲֶ̬ǻ΢΢һ£һЩ

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ڳ̴ʦ𺳼䣬۹֮ϣǿʢֱ侫֣һĹâֱǽ컨˷顣

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۹ꪣ֮ǰҪԵøΪ޳֮ϸܵƬҲǱƫһֺصİɫ󣬵ǣõֶͫģƬ䣬γһƣȥΪ档
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ⶫξǿߵĹ޷Ի̫˺һҼֱ̫ˣ
Сӣ군ˣ
ֶѿɫǵЦݣ̣ӵƵؼ׻ڲ֮أúֶʱˣ


ڶʮ Ƽ
Ƶؼף߼鱦䳬ǿķξɵǿߣҲֻʨӿйǰΡ
ӵƵؼ׵ĻڣֶҲĸм֣һ֮ᣬֱȵ׻Ҫǿ
û뵽ҲӵŷȲҵġŤŤӣͷ֮ϣ޴ľл䶯ţһɾ˵ĲɢĿ⣬һ۲Զ߾һķ΢ƣص
ֶ۹΢ƣĽ֣ȷǻǾߴϷ磬ҪǣûһηսͽǧĴԪǷֶܹܣڵȴö죬ȥûʱ䣬ǾеȷǵΪû֧ŶӲ
ʱһûڵķճֶԸֶľ棬ЩΣӵŷԼƵؼױĻڣֶɽŵľ档
Сӣҽʦʱ䲢ԣǵһܹҾ֮ˣվҲˣڳֶһЦǶȻɭͷϷ磬Ǿоҵ䶯ţóӦһΪǿľؼ
ҽսľ˺ѳƬ
䶯ֱ۶Ȼ£ֻǾ޴ľУֱǴһ޿ɿܰضֶжȥ
أ
Ǿ˺ѿƷ죬ֶɫҲǱüΪƽ۹ꪣԪͬˮĺХʣԼ䣬һͳ֮
ꪷꪣ
ⶸȻԹ֮ϱ۳Ǿ޴ӰӰ֮ϣ׻˸ΪǿԪֱǱӶľкһ
飡
춯ذը̼ɭб񱩵ľ粨ͬŰķ籩㣬֮ڣеĲϣϣǱ˺ѳһĹ֡
쾢Хֶż㣬βˣֱӶŲԶһӰӶ趯Ӱ֣ͬ㣬ضŻкȥ
ֶǿ͹βһǿľӿֱγһɫľ֣䷽Բɣ
飡
âھϣ÷
ƣ
һⱩӿݺݵصھ֮ϣ󣬻ֱӦѣľ磬ĺԴ
أ
ǰѸ͹ƣڽһ棬ֻǹ͹һ䶥ɶҲǽǿâܶȥ
һգֶҲ΢΢һУ⻪ڵڵˣõ˵Ĵ죬ǰֱʹþ߶͹䵯
ݣ
գɫʮָȻǼɾ۶ɵĻɫ֮Уǵصضֶȥ

Żڵķ貵Ľٶֶڱʱ䣬Ƭ֮УľмԲڣ˵ļƻһͿ
ʱˣȻǽԼԪ߶˼£֮䣬Եø׺ңǻڵҲǴܹоֶĿֲһֱӲƾžĹ죬ϵֶţסֶȴԼķڳһֶԸߡ
ڻڵⷬ㣬ֶҲ֪Լ֮ĴԪֻټʱѣԣȥ㲻ʲôô

ֶһâٶȹĴ͸ڵľݺݵغںϣΪƵؼ׵ıδʲô˺
һĻֶɫҲ΢еƵؼ׵ǿʵǼ֣ĹǿܹƵؼ׵ķܹ˻ڡ
ֶĿйƣ΢һҲһ·ĵͻȻըһΪĺâӳһּΪĽǶֶ¡

ͻϮõֶһͬżΪĸ֪йһֲ˼ĽǶбһâݺݵײһ
ײ֮һâֱӱֶǿɶȥֶĿһԭһɫޱذףذͨ尵죬Ѫ˫дϸܵľݣһۿȥ͸ɭɭ֮⡣
м鱦
ذСֶڿʱȴ΢΢һǰذʱϴҲõϸ΢ĴʹУ棬̺żΪǿȻСȻҲһ֮ǰ۹ꪵм鱦
һǻ
ȡһһֶҲǲɵЩȣȫ£е۹⣬ƺûʲôõóֵĶһﵹãм߼鱦
ǿϧ
͵Ϯ޹ǻҲЩź̾һָһ㣬ǰذױڰһתٶȻΪһӰһּΪѸ͵ٶȣֶ৵ı̶ȥͬʱֶٶȸܵ˲Զɢǿ񲨶Ȼǿľؼ
ߣ
ֶкâζȻӶƷչꪣȻһֻì㣬ݺݵضŻ˦˹ȥ
أ
ꪻΪһâӶͬһ㣬צƼ˵ĺˣգεĹȻǱ׼Ļ˳Ķ˿ȥ

ֶȻԼеĹͶ˳ȥǶʱһĨЦݣȫԶֽţ
ݣ
йͶֶȴֱӱڣ貵Ľ⣬ȭͷϷۣģǴಫ
ƵٶеĳֶŹʱ޷ķѵȭƵؼײɣ
Ȼұȫ㣡
ͷţֱǻΪһԲУһ˿񱩵Ĳ
ͣ
ֶٶȼΪѸͣգۼ䣬ǳ˻ǰȻڴʱϣͻȻһţϣһŻɫԾ
һ֣ţճֶȭͷ֮ϣ
ճֶȭͷ֮ʱڵУȴǶȻӿһɼΪ
һȭ䱬ڹǣ
ʱκεķӳǸֶ֮ӣű֮ɫڻ֮ͫУǱǵȭͷҲǺȻ
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ɫ֮ϵƵؼױǿҵĹһɫĤڼϸ֣ڵ壬ǰҪƾƵؼףӲֶһȭ
ѣ
ȭĺݺƵؼһĤ֮ϣ󣬷Բڵĵ棬ͬɽ㣬ߴʮ׵ɳˣ¡¡ϯ


ڶʮ ɱ
䣡
ɳ˳Ƭ֣˲м裬һ񱩵ɳꡣ
飡
ɳУͳͷƤ󣬱ǼһӰΪǱĵɶϣֱĲһ׵֡
ɳкֶ壬һȭƣȭͷϣһεѪϵص£Ⱦ档
֨
ƣƬֶ̣΢ЩӲĻ̧ͷĿĮǱһȭֱӺɳȥĻڣͷȴڴ˿ЩҵһζνԪ֮ǵȾֲƻҲõĵĺȻ
ƻǸ߼鱦Ҳ޷
ͣ
ֶΪԪ֮еʱԶǶڵϵĻڣҲѪĿŨŨľͷϵƵؼףֻôʱڼϣֱӱһȭӡһ˿˿ѷ죬ȭӡӶ
ǿֵزƵؼףȻֱӱֶһȭ䱬
ȻƵؼ׻δ׺䱬ǰֶһȭȴȻŴ󲿷ֵһ˿˿ѷӿ˼صơ
ôܣ
ŴľʹڲɵɫҪһȭ䱬߼鱦ǴħЩ弫Ϊǿļһﶼ޷쵽һֶô
⻪εʵǰǰݲţԣڷһҲѸһЩѣĿ⿴һԶһĮֶĿ⼱Ȼһĵ棬žȥ
ǳ˼صƣƵؼҲģֶǰôһȭ½գĻ᳹׵Ľ
쵰дˣû뵽С˼֣
ڵƣαˣһͨҲûϵֶȻ׺ֵزֻξСɵʵξǿ߶޲ߵƵؼףֱӱһȭ򱬡
Ϊ֮ƣֻȥǿ߲٣ʱֱӽɵʵҪɱֱֶǷּ顣
ͷҲپôǷٻأֱ񱼡
ȻˣǾͲҪˣ
ȻʱҪߣֶȴԸˣֶǳǲ׵նݳպ󻼣ԣǱˣһ֣Բ飡
ˣڼǿ񱼶ȥĻʱҲһЦ͵һ̤棬ΪһģӰӶգۼ䣬׷ƣٶȴΪĻڡ
ֶҸ׿ڵĳϣҶңĿ޴ӣú󷽴ƷɫҲǾ䣬ȵ

ŻڵŭֶȴЦҡͷȭͷգӿֱǵͷŻԴ˹ȥʧȥƵؼױĻڣڵһȭܲ
Լ״ǻȻҲǼΪ۾ѪһɫľΪУضֶȥ
飡
Żڵķˣֶ֮ϵ֮ͭɫһȭɫԪӿྫУֱǿ𱬣ȭѹĿڰ㣬ȭδǺݺݵк֮ϡ
ͣ
׺ľӿһѪУҲӿ˷֮ɫףֶҲǴ㳹׵ɱˡ
ҪɱңûôףͬҰްţһۻľıӿǰ۳һԼСĻɫͷ
󷨣ʴ
ĺӻں䴫ɾ۶ɵĻɫͷۿУ˸ž֮
أ
ǻɫͷи־֮ʱжʱһֹһţһȦɫгΣӿ
ǹʵ֮ûκεãֶȴһо蹬ڵľͷеļ
ľ׸Ұɣ
ɫͬƴһھѪմȾѪͷУȻǡ
ڵ˵ǹ졣ֶҲǱֶθЩ죬ӿһĨ֮ɫһ蹬ڣĵͻȻŤתۼ䣬ǻΪĵתС
׸Ұɣ
ֶ͵ֱ̽һץǻɫϣ󣬿ֲӿţǻϱǶȻӿ˾֮ɫΪĸоɫ֮еľڷɿرֶɶȥ
㾹ȻֱɾھļеȻҲ֮ȴҪطϣȴû˸ֶͬ㣬ֱӽ˵ľɶȥңõеֵǣľֶûܵκεķɣеɣŨ
ƣ
ֶǷ£ɫѸٵرޣֱǱֶһץĿתڡ
ħڴʱݣſ־壬ֶչֳĹֱǳ֪
ֶɫĮһۻ뾫۶ɻɫúظо蹬ڵľƺ𽥵ǿһЩǿᾫķȻԵаţȴȷü
Ȼѡ׷ɱǱӦֵԤϡ
ֶŻڵһЦȻںϣӿ䣬ֱؽ蹬ڵľɶȥ
飬ڻὫ׷ɱ·ӵģ³ҰٱŰɣҵὫĥžѸٵţҲǱþĿ⼫Թضֶ˻š
ȡ
ֶĮȻڻǵȻһһӿֱؽȥ׵Ľⳡ
ѪԴ£ڵӣԹ־Уĵأλеһԣȴǳ׵˴˴
ŻϢȥֶҲһƨһ۲ԶķŻڵȥҲǽӲ

ֶͷҵشϢţһεļҲս൱ѣһϴıʵ̫࣬ƾԪ֮һȭƵؼףֶû̫İ취
һɱˣ鷳᲻ССҲڴʱֳ
ɱĻͬǴ鷳ֶҡҡͷ⻪رȥԻᷢڵ׷ɱȻˣֱӾͽˡ
εջ񣬵ǲ١
ֶ̧ͷǽӲķȻǿнƵؼ״ӻڵϰ˵Щ飬ֻҪ޸һ£߼鱦ܹȻһ¡
ڽƵؼװʱǲеĺɫǬҲֶУǬֶǣҲһĨȡ
⻪ڣ˲Ҫı


ڶʮ 
еǬֶҲǸһĨŨЦݣ⻪ڲı֪һһʵĴԶԶĳ˵ףȻȻ˵ڱǿֻ˵ڣһЩʵȨȻĻܻļҵס
ҵҪҵж񣡡
ֶٺһЦӿǬУȻɫǻرЩӲһһЩϲ֮ɫ
ʮԪ
ֶ̲ס촽˫쳣ڵʬ壬ȻδϵһﾹȻӴĴԪ
뵱ֶթʱŲõʮԪѣЩһﶫƴղŴճģڣǴ⻪ѳĴԪǳɴ˿ɼ⻪ڵļҵףʲôز
Ȼֶ֪ڴǵĲҵŶôӴ󣬶Ϊ˴ĻҲǸ߲ʿټ׵ıӻЯĴԪҲ޷£ϾڵʵԶԶʲôҼҿᲢ۵ġ
ڻЩҵ׵ԴֶҲ׷ףЩѾģ±ǺĽǶʮԪԼǬ
оƺգۼǱ÷ǬֶҲظһһǰɽˮĵزˣսĴԪǲپ߱ڵʮԪ˵Ȼѩ̿ȻⲢԶԸġ
պôԪֶѰһ൱⣬ΪڻڵǬУѰһЩؼ
ЩؼֶǱȽϵϡȱľ񹥻ֶҲ൱ѷԶԶȲϻڣڷЩؼҲǺľЦɡ
󷨡
ЩؼУֶĿ⣬ɱһɻɫʯƳɵľؼɭɭĸ֣õֶⶫĲ֮
ֶһ˿Уκ΢еУӹһĨ֮ɫν֮УָǿľؼֶƲ⣬¶ǴﵽĲΡ
־ؼһֱǰǻʩչġʴⶫܹ˾پһϵΪӵǿ˵ֶЩ֮ͬߵЧԼԵ̶ȣȴȫȡ
ѹһܹ̤ʦΣûа˴ֶ΢ЩȻǰٶȣܹﵽʦǿЩ˲ã¿֮ԭвСˮ֡
һ־ؼƺΪǿΪħХһܹһصʩչؼǿʩչҲǸѣ٣ﵽͼʦĻڣ޷׵ĽʩչȻĻⳡսֶøӸе֡
Ȼа˵㣬ǲıֶΡֶ΢΢һЦУڵĸֶΣ·ӣȴû̫ųԣ򷨣ΪһʤΪΪܣʱ򣬳ںģֻյĽǹУֶξа
Ҫ˵ԵаţֶڼУԶڰԵֶΣѰʱʩչƻպ֮˵Ļȴ˿
磬ʵΪ𣬴ȻĴַ磬ͬޱȲпشţرڴĿֵط
պЩؼֶǵһӻڵǬڣҵһЩ鱦ǵͼΣ㲻̫ˣ֮УΨһõֶ۵ģǰǱɫľذףм鱦ĲΣ˵ķ͵Ϯ֮䣬Ϣʱ˶ԵУܹȡҪЧ
ֶʮӵʱ䣬Ҳǳ׵˴˴εջǷջ񣬿ƴᡣ
õֶĶʮԪԼֵ󷨣ǼƵؼףֿ˻ֻҪһλʦʹþ֮޸һ£ƵؼױܷӳǿķʱӵƵؼ׻ֶɽǿ
ڼƵؼ׺󣬻һЩ鱦ѧȻԼһԸξɵǿеȷ
ֶԵվȻۻӶ߷ǬȻǸоԺ֮Уѣεĸоüͷ΢΢һ塣
СӣǿǼһľɵøϽҵطúõǼһľЩ߲䣬Ǹ㲻ãͷܵģⱾȻǴӡ֮ӡɱϾֻܸһ˿֮ԶԶɵ֮ܡСһԣѵ
š
ֶ΢΢˵ͷȻ֪úõЩɵľ£ǵøϽҸȫĵط
ڱɱϢ²úͻᴫشǣʱڱȻΪ䱨ɳǿѰҡֶĿ֪ɱ˻ڣ˴鷳鶼ѾˣȻûкڵĿܣԻǿǽĴ㡣
ԶǣѰһɽڵľ˵ǿᣬҪɽѰҲʲô򵥵¡
ֶ¶֮ɫڴǵǿߣӦҲ޷ƥУɵģǻνĳϸףǼһܹг֮λʲôʡ͵ĵƣֶɱӣϼһȻᶯһеѰǧС
С׻ȥ
ֶĿһαӶȥʱߵøСģûκο׷ٵ˿
ֶȥƬǽֵĵ򣬱Ǳøİڴ˴ۻ벨ҲһЩ޲׵ؿ
ְ˽Сʱңűһ󼱴ٵƷƣӰӶһŵľϣĿһɨԶ𽥱ʬϣ˵壬ǱýӲ
ӲУ˶һۣǴӶԷпŨŨľ־壬һڻʬԣźǲ־Թӣ˶Ǹܵһɺӿ
ǸСӡѻɱˡӥǺһ£˻Ƶص
ô죿һеڵλͣرһλϸףʱȥλϻᱩŭɺģ
˴ȥɡǸСҪ군ˣʱ֪ξ˶ôµѡӥͳصȻڵʬ忸תŴǵķӶȥ
ıӰһҲһĭܹоλĳϣ˴εŭ𣬽ǺεȵĿ¡
ͬӥ˵Ǹɱ˻ڵСӣ³ػޱȵҡ


ڶʮ ȫͻ
ïܵɽּ䣬һӰͬýıӰӶ䴦Ҷδ˿Ĳ
𣡡
Ӱǰ壬ͻȻԶһХ֮ȻһӰӱּܳȵǵӰǰ
СףǰȻСףֶҲһҲףڲ˵ʱһԾϻСһͳĻХУϰգɽ֮ȥ
ڴ˴ε£ֶʲôԵ֮ǵøϽѰȫطȻ蹬ЩҶǿľ
ں潫ҪӦԵ׷ɱȽ״̬˵ߣɽҪѰҲʲô׵¡
ȵʱ״ָ̬۷壬ؾĹűӡʱҲˣʱӿĹűǵȿµ£ǿҲǺѴѳʲôԣֻҪֶûĹűɡ
ЩͷֶҲ𽥵Ե侲࣬ǽС׵ٶȣ˽󣬷һɽ𽥵ؼٶȣ󻺻һСɽ֮С
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ֶΣֱںĵһɴСĽʯϣȶܹо蹬ڵЩԽԽڣٲĻ»ɲС
ССףһ
ֶѸٵضԵһһ˵һȻ̱˫ۣɿس蹬֮Уʱ蹬ڣ൱ĻңƬƬĻɫХĵѹĻЩҪĳ蹬ˡ
ߣﻹҰʸ񣡡
Щ蹬ںХĻɫֶҲǰЦǰûʱ䣬ڿҪʰЩûеôѡ
ֶתֻ蹬ڵöڴ˿̱ǿҵĹâЩâӿҫǴƬĻɫ֮ϡ
ͣ
Щɫâҫ϶ʱ͵죬һ˿˿ɫʣشӾ͸ڱߵ£׵ĻΪޡ
ڵľȻǿᣬΪ˲˵ľδܳԵʣԵЩ߲־ֱյĻпܻӶòʧ
ʱţһ˿˿ĻҲԴԴϵԾ͸ۻľɫҲ𽥵س˸ı䣬ɫɫȻȥȡ֮ģһִƽ͡
ӵűֶڴеʣȻҲŲЧˣԼСʱҵʱ䣬蹬ľǱ׵ľһΡ

һ˿ɫʻΪʱֶУҲظһһ蹬ڵĵٶ䶯ŻΪУһ˿˿ɢһԴԴϵա
һ˿˿ľ뱾ֶҲܹظоľһѸٵٶǿٶȣпܽ˷ѳӶʦĲΣ
ɽɫҲ𽥵رð¹ҫںϣԣ
СֶͷϷ¹ԡСȴͬĵĻ㣬վֶԣĿΧκεһһע⡣

ְãǽ˫ĿֶŻ˫ۣһ蹬ڵıԶŻڵЩľܷȫպ̤ʦĲΣÿԵ컯
СӣջСֶ˫ĿʱСҲƮЦеصܹоֶǿľ
ֶ΢΢һЦ΢ǰĺˮǲһֻ޴ˮ۶ֽߵһʯɷĩľ֮ǰȷǿ˲٣治֪ڳɹʦκָεǿ
ҲµòĻСӵĸףӦǴɵĵزС
ֶɢȥǾ޴ˮ֣΢΢˵ͷʩչֶκܹСɵǿҰȻȥȴ޷ǿʱ˵ĵȻһϸ΢Ĳ֮࣬ģȴһСĺ蹵
ֶҲڵɵǿ߽֣ôļʣҰܡ

ֶһȻЩ˫һöɫԲͬǳУһŨɢֱںһ
öȻֶԶԳ͵ġ޹ԼġڵʵξСɣܹ޹ɹӦñܹɵزҪģ⡰޹żѵĴЧ˵ֶܹ֮ͭĵزʱսֽһΣ
˵ڵֶ޷ɵǿ߿ĻôȵľʦΣټϱξɣԼֶΣɣвҲ󽵵͡
٣Сӣһˣֶó޹СҲǲɵùЦ
Ҳϲ鷳ҪԼҲֲĺֶһЦȻӵͦԶǸоԼ·һֵŵĶһ㣬õãܵĻ㲻ó֮ơ
ȻܳܣǱֻѸԼʵʱ򣬾ǻڵĸҪҲܹȻ岢ӵ俹ıǮ
޹޾ѪΪĿ񱩣šкͣҲŲСΣգȷˣСѵ
һɣ
ֶЦЦҲǲ˵ϻͷöɢžһȻֱǽöͬʱС
䣡
öһ죬ѸɢΪһɹۻ˸е𾪵Ӵͬˮ㣬ֶ֫ٺɢȥ
飡
һЩֶɢݳϱһ޴ˮ
ˮƮСǻƤɲǼѪֶҲӹһĨ֮ɫ޹רŸԶԳǵǿ޷õģֶ˵ʼǿǿ޹ȻǷղС
Сӣǽ˶ߣ͵ÿԼˡ

ֶڽҪ֮ʱңԶĴУȴΪڵֶЩЩѸٻǿߣȻܶ˶֪ǾΪжףһΣҪùˡ
ڴĿݶڣһ޴£


ڶʮ ֶ
ǣڷֲ
Ĵ֮УӰ䣬һصȻۣõͷѹһʯ㣬ϢǲԾļ˲١
УפشǷֲи߲㶼۴˴ʱǣǵʹͷĿⲻҿλһߣضţȻƤĲûκεɫ˭ܹܵޱ֮ӿķɱ⡣
ڴ룬Ӱսսصʹͷͬǰȥ׷ɱֶӥǶˣʱǣ岻ϵزţȻмΪĿ־塣
˵˶Էĵɽ֮ƣõڶվӥ˲ĻλϵĻߣҲǵĮڣԵøɳ˾
ϣʱΪܹǸСӡǻеһЩζӥǼæ
飡
Ȼδ׵£һ׺ԪǱݺݵغ֮ϣֱǽõɶˣײһ棬±һѪ˳
ôǰȥץһСȻôˣǣкãɭȻĿͬһ㡣
ʧְ
ӥ³еѪҲұ⣬ɫ԰׵ص
ϣȻִʧְȣҲ׷εʱ򣬵֮ȽǸСץסΪ𣡡һһЩλӣҲڴ˿̿ڵ
С൱ƻڿӽɽҪҳɲװһλˣҲ̾
ͨСĻġĿҪĿУ·ӣλϣǻߣٶɭɭؿڵ
ǣ
ԣӥǼæӦڴĿǷͨ󣬿ɾЩͷҪˡ
ִ£ȥڶɱ֮ǸСΪͿϷģδҲ̫˵㣡Ϸץסػûţ£ɫվȻֱŴ֮ȥһλ滪׷ɱֶξǿߣҲǸϽȥ
Яɱ߳Ļߣ˶ĵشһ£˭ףһΣλڴĿɹպϼһ½Ҫչһĺпᡣ

פǷֲ֮ж֮ȻҲӳע⣬رǷһֱܲĻǳ϶Ǹ˴ʱһЩС𶯣Ӷɳٵ̽ӣڵ㶯Եɡ
ħŵķֲڴ򣬴ʱеһ¥ϣһٻӰӣջĿڵķ
С㣬Ѿˣ֮ԻôĶΪڱɱźȹһӰֶص
ŶԣüҲ΢΢һƫͷǵֶĽܷܷ
ѹǸϼһﶼ˴ǣԭǶӱɱˡĽܷܷȻ΢ЦħȻ滹в֪ŶٵĦܹǳԿȻҲֵÿϷ
˭ɱĻڣҵϢǼһӦѾʦ˰ɣټϷԼյֵƵؼףξɵǿߣ޷ɱĽܷܷĿ΢ƣЦ
˵ֶ뻪йһСͻȥ¥鱦;ڷ֣Ҫǿ鱦ƺֵòɢ
ֶȻ˻ĽܷܷʱһĿӹһĨ֮ɫȻδϵֶȻܹĻɱ˻ڡ
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עһ£κϢһʱرҡ
ǣĽܷܷ˻ǵӰҲѸӦӰһѸٵ¥
ĽܷܷĿ΢΢гһջĻȣĿķƬ̺ٶһ̾૵ϧˣϼһ֣ǲѪͷֶ˴Σϴ鷳ˡ

ǶΪڵĶЩɧʱңԶɽеɽȣȴȻһƬ
СڰգĿЩصźȶֶʱĺߣƤѪһƬһεεѪë͸µĽʯȾ
޹ȷͬС˵˵Ŀ񱩣šкͣȻѰܹܣֶڴ֮ǰǽͭԼħԳɹڵǱ޹ĿըѪ
Сڽʯص߶ţҲǸоֶ״ĲĿ֮УŽ֮ɫΪ˲źߣҲѹԼ
СС׽ŵע£ֶ֮ϵѪɫҲŨһ˿˿Ѫ̳ѪϣȥΪĺˡ
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ʱ䣬Ȼ֮ţתۼ䣬ʱǹȥֶϢȴʱüΪ΢·Ǽࡣ
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СҲֶ֪ʱ״·һͳĺ𶯣ϰգݵעܣ䵱ΪʵĻ

ֶץʱʱңԶɽɫĻɨ·սǽ档
ӡĲ
ɨĿ⣬ͻȻһȻ̧ͷңԶɽ¸ɿݵϣӿһĨ쳣ɭȻЦݡ
СӲģ


ڶʮ ׷Ѱ
ĺ֮ϣԣںĵĽʯϣһӰͬ˿¶ڴ˿̽㣬Ϣš
ȻڰСȴ֪ʱֶڣһΪؼĽʱֻ̣Ҫ֮ͭɫ󳹵׵ȡôֶܹɹؽɹʱսҲٶͻǡ
ţ
ĺУһֱעֶСͻȻ΢΢һȻתͷԶʣžҵı仯ܵһɼǿϢڷٳŴ˴
Ϣ߲ƣ
СĿ˸񻺻ܹоǹϢǿᣬҿȻǳġ
ȻЩֶΣȻô׷˹
СʱڰյСףҲǲǹɶ߱ӶǿϢ±ǷһХ֮һ˿˿׹⣬˸塣
ݣ
һһŵע£֮ߣһΪһ̤޴ìĻߣɫĿ⣬ֱֱɽеĺɱ֮Ҳ쳹
СɱҶӣѵ㻹ӵ˲ɣ
Ȼ
ǳɱСͷҲ΢΢һû뵽ϼһﾹȻܹ˾׼׷ٶֶĽҪͷɲܱš
𣡡
СĿʱСΪ֮˾ֶ˷ŭĻХ֮һţһ׹ۣݺݵغǲŹìĻߡ
߽̤޴ĻɫìƤӣĮضźһӰС׵ĹлδִʱǱһεϵ
СĽҪͷҲãʡϷʱ䣬Ƚץȥȥ֫ڴϹ˹ʮ˵Ŀⶾһ۱ǿֶʱ޷֣±Цһ̽ǻΪһֻɫľ֣ͷ·ֶһץȥ
ߣ
߶֣СҲ΢䣬һߣצ趯һϺڹӶճǾϣֲĸʴʱǾָʴһƬޡ
ףСһ֣ȻԶԶĳ˻ߵϣ·һ֮Ŀ⿴򲢲۵СףȻ˫ͫ΢΢һȻһ飬٣ʵӵ֮ǰӦҲǼǿĴڣϧڵ㣬Ϸǰʲô㲻ϣ
Ϸ
һ䣬ǻжʱӳɫЩ˵ڰһ֯ǺݺݵضСϯȥ硣
ŻߵĹƣСצӼ趯һȦȦϺڹâӿ֣ΪȦ廤С
飡
ɫص˦СϺڹȦϣľСΣҲǱòϵغˣڵʵȻ޷ԿﵽɵĻǡ
𣡡
СǱƵòϺʱСҲǷŭĻХ׹ƣֱŻǱȥ

裬¾޴ĻɫìͻȻȻӰ㣬ЯһɾݺݵسСӰ֮ϡ
أ
ìݺݵУС׵ζʱһ̺ʹ֮ӴҲصײһɽϣʯñѶ
һβĹС׻ĿȴԵó׹˸ëǵٶȺηضŻǳȥ
أأ
С׵ʵȻܻǻǵĶ֣ˣһδεĳյĽȻһδεıĮĺñˣȥΪǱ
ëһδγȥֱϷʰɵСףСУ֪ʱȴӿһЩŭɫһצ͵һ㣬Ϻڹ
ЩϺڹâһֱѸٵۣȻɿػΪһַתϺڹУ֮ϣ͸һ޷ݵ·ضܹ˺һ㡣
˺ħ֣
Ϻڹһ֣С΢΢һЩצָϵĻǣ΢΢һһɲǣǳ׵ʧټ
ҲϺڹʧ˲䣬ϵĻǣȴǸܵһԵļ벻ĥҲڴ˿ȡҪãһץ޴ĹìǳģۻԪͬˮĺХʱ䣬Ӱ趯ĻΪһȦǽǵ御
Ǳڣ
ĹӰʵ飬ǵӰŰһʱ䣬·գǱɭɫĹӰ⡣

ǹӰεɲǣһϺڹ֮ӳӰѶ˵ӰǿϺڹУ·ΪĶһ㣬ֱһִݿٶȣ˺عǽ
ݣ
̶̲գ۵ʱ䣬ӰǱȥ֮ͫмٷŴϺڹӰϣҲӿһĨ֮ɫԪڴ˿̺ޱıйìǻâʢЯһɿֲصһϺڹ֮ϡ

ϺƺƵĴһɲǣһ쳣ǿȻϱը
䣡
·ĺֱǱˮȻ䣬Ϊ׳ۡ
ϧˡС˵ʮĻǣȴǰ̾һȫʢʱڣһʩչƬɽǵñ˺Ѷȥ£ȴһڹ궼ʰˡ
СźʱϵĻǣȴǺľ£ͷѿĻڣٶСʱĿǼΪأǰһԷӦһ㣬пܱǵͷЩֶΡ
ҿϢήô̶ֳ࣬ȵĹҲ޷ʩչɣǶС񣬸ɿݵϣɵһĨɭȻ
СĿǰĹȻԻɱɵǿߣģҲǼΪӴ󣬶ʱڣȷ޷ʩչڶΡ
ȻˣϷҲҪˣ
һЦƽչìɫһգαǱӶì֮ìγһ쫷磬·Сף㹥ƣȻ⻪ǶС˼ļɵ֮ġ
ԼСҲЩ仯צӼæ趯ϺɫĹǰɿۣΪһϺڹܡ
飡
۵ɲǣìǺȻǵ쫷ϯ˲Ϣ䣬ܾȻǶȻը
ܱѣС壬Ҳǳ׵ر¶˹ì֮£
𣡡
ԶǱ˵СףСվҲǷһŭҪǰȥԮȻ޷ʱϵ
ģүһдδأ
ʱСҲԵЩΣкâȻԴУǣʩչֶʱ·ĺ棬ͻȻըˮٶȳ

ˮʱһĨ⣬ҫհıһ޷ٶȣƿնֱСԲصصǹì֮ϣ
ӹĹꪣСҲصһ۽һԼ䣬һͨͬӰһּǿɢ
Сӡǳɹô


ڶʮ Ӳ

ϱ֮ϯģǼǿ籩
ײģì˸ŽâһɹɿµΧĿǱ𱬡
أ
ɢìǱˣСΣҲΪ̫õɶһֻƳ󷽣ץס
СӣүֵƴˣСӰǹ΢ЩãƫͷһӰظһȻ
СһӰ̤âӰֱǹ㣬һԵϢɢӰȻǹؼʱ̴״̬˳˳ֶʱƤͭɫʣǾȥȡ֮ģһɫɫ󣬿ȥգޱȵļ̡
Ǵڶأ壡
һΣ޹ֶ֮ǳɹؽͭĲΣһսһΡ
ңֶ͸Ԫ֮ǰҲǿʢ˲٣ȻڵԪҲͻƣξɵĵز
һεֶ˵һַ츲ذı仯
ֶ̤â磬˫ĿעŲԶĻǣȻ߿˿˵Сףжʱŭ
û뵽СȻֹܹͷͻƣɭĿ⣬ͬĵһ㣬ֶϹйɭɭص
˵ţȴŲС𶯣ǰĶݽ֣ܹоֶǼǿͲһξܹ߱ģһܹɱ˻ڣȷһЩֶΡ
ëͼ̰ȡҵĹꪣǰҲǾȡֶص
ҶӾɱ㣬Ҳ쾭壬Ϸڽɱһ㡣ǵĻԵû˿Ī˵ֻҪֶĹꪣǽɱˣҲ㲻˿Ĵ
ȻʲôϹʲôСڻǵĻֶҲһ֡
СʹɣҽסһܣǸɿݵӼΪֶҲٶ˵ϻɱ֮𣬾κεĵͿܣգֻһֽǱֶĥ뻪
ì
ǻҲĺǿԪӿйìȻ䱬һɼΪĻâ󣬻âۣһ˲ɱξǿߵĹƣݺݵغֶ
˲չƣֶҲӿһĨأɣǿһΣŲֶΣҲݲ˿С
ħԳ䣡
ͳĺֶ䴫壬˲ȥͬһɫ˰㣬һΣֶĶͷλãŽۣ䣬γһԶԳǵͬĽɫǡ
ȻܹԶħԳѪõֵزֶͷֵĽɫǣСҲӹһĨ֮ɫ
ꪷŭꪣ
ֶͣһ԰ɽİͬˮӿƽͬ۹ꪣ貽ⱩӿΪһ޴ӰЯһɿµֱǹìȻײ
䣡
ľɢ·ĺٶȱһ޴ĳˮ
Ԫ籩ϯֶڰռʮסȻͬ˺Ļǣȴ̲סЦڵʵħԳԼ壬濹ɵǿߣ
ëҪɱң㻹ǰʸ񣡡
ֶЦһգһӴ貽̨ͷΣһץָǶ̨֮ڣһֳꪣһץס̨ӿͬһս㣬һɼΪǿɷ֮
ݣ
ӿֱֶӶӰ̨ǴԵޱȵ磬ضŻǱ˹ȥ

ֶŵζĹƣɫЩ࣬ɵǿ߶еۻԪڴ˿ҲǱ߶£йì֮ݺݵӰ̨Ӳһ
˵Ķս˵Ļ𱬣ϣӰӣÿһεĽӴᱬһµľ磬·ĺκˣԲ֮ڣҲǱƵһƬǽ塣
СӣħԳӣټϾĸ֪Ȼǿزɵǿߣ࿹
ǼҵµսСҲǳž֮⣬˵ֶ뻪֮䣬һμĲడ
ħԳʱƣһǿʱִôֶ±㲻ǻǵĶ֡СĿֶ㣬֪һֶսΪǿᣬȴܳ־ãǱƾ棬ǻԽԽС
СǿѧʱһϷҪȻ㣬Сֵֶ֪ĻҲϾûʲôǿѧ߱ʱƣԣì趯ֶʱҲɭȻЦ
ûᣡ
ԣֶҲһЦһ䣬нֱ̨Ǳݺݵ˦򻪹ǡ
飡
ŸɿݵӣìΪһӰӳֱؽ̨Ԫһ𣬱ǽ̨䱬ȥ
̨˦ֶȴǷˣ˺䣬һգűֳţһΪǿԪԼӿС
ۣ
ǿӿţֻϹâһһżΪŨġԪ֮Ǹֶ
ꪷꪣ
ֶɫأйһ貽ⱩӿһšԪ֮Ҳӿꪼ֮ϡ
𣡡
죬޴ĽӰֱԽ۶һֵѹǵصϯ£ǻڵԪǳɬ
СȻǿѧ
ԽиֵĽӰǿ绪ǣҲڴ˿̵һɿݵϣӿһĨ֮ɫҲǶȻˣһǿԪԴԴϵشڱ
ɷף
ЩۻĻɫԪӿɿ̶ۣʱ䣬ǻΪһ޴İ׹ǼУǵ壬
׹֮ϣâӿ͸һɼ᲻ɴݵĲ
Ϲһ
ֶ̤֮УĿǱڰ׹Ǽ֮еĻǣܹʩչǿʽ֪ԼܾϣԣѸһɱУ
𣡡
ֶ£Ǿ޴ĽӰٶ췢һ֮󣬱ЯһǿߵĿǰ׹ǼУХȥ
ӹʣһ־˵ٶȣݺݵغǰ׹Ǽ֮ϣʱ䣬ɽ壬һɲһ㣬Ķ
ֶһȻֲز


ڶʮ 
ײ֮ϱɽȣڴ˿̷Ĳһ޴ѷٵӶʯĴɽϵ£¡¡Уˡ
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֮ϣϯ¡¡Ĵ죬ɽȣֲĶ£׵ı
СڰգĿصӿֶ֮һ乥ļ£ħԳԼټꪷԼԪ֮ǿᣬһǿߣҲԳ׵ĺɱ
ǻȻҲʡ͵ĵƣϼһﲻԪﵽɣҺȻھϣҲŲ͵裬Ҫɱɲʲô򵥵顣
أ
Сصע£ӿһӰȻһöʯ䣬ݺݵ·֮Уˡ
ǵӰ֮Уű΢еǱӶһѪ̲סش˳ģȻֶ
ֶѪˣСҲһĿԶգĽ⿪ʼٵɢŽɢһ߾޴İ׹ǼУҲٶȾسСע֮С
Ȼֵˣ
˿İ׹ǼУСҲӹһĨ˼֮ɫֶǰһ˵ǿǻɵǿߣҲȻ׵رǽһ
ϵֶδ˶ɫĨȥǵѪĿضǾϵİ׹ǼС
꣡
һһĿתע£ͻȻ䣬һϸ΢ȻȻһϸܵѷ죬ʼһ־˵ٶȣǰ׹Ǽ֮ϣ
̶̲գ۵ʱ䣬޴İ׹Ǽ֮ϣȴǱѷ
飡
һѷ죬ͬѹյһһ㣬Ȼӿ֣׹ǼУһ̺ȻըΪϸܵĹ㡭
Ű׹ǼеıըеĻǣҲ¶Σޱ飬屣˫Ƴƣһɲǣ棬ͻȻͬһ㴫һһѪϵش֮
飡
ֶСע£αˣÿһνŲ˺ϱǻըһѪϢҲήҡ
ͣ
ǱϰٲŲһѪŸɿݵҰ׵úɫȥ˵Ŀɲ
ҲһѪʱǵǷ·Ҳٶ˹˫֮УӿŨŨľ֮ɫδ뵽ȻֶĹ£صƣ
ǰֶһͷ㾡ȫʩչǿķڵ壬ᱻǹɿֲѪĭ
Сôʩչ˿ֲĹǼصƣǼŷĳ嶯ɵʵҪɱֱֶ練Ƶ飬µ飬ȴõʵĲпᣬδܳɹؽֶ׻ɱ֮յĲ㽫ڴ˴
鷢񣬵⻪ȴǴˣȻףǰ̶ֳȵĹֶҲܽɴʱû˰ճ׵Ļɱֶһ߻ʲôֶΣпܣ뿪ЩԵˡ
ͷ֮ǰǻ֮Աǣھǰǰ㾪ĶǵļսǶֶ˼ļɵ֮ģ˿ɺֶν׵
٣ϹȻӲ
ڻͷ˸䣬ֶ۾Ҳ΢΢һУЦȻЦʱȴ𽥵ؾǰǷ˵ҲǲСģħԳʱƣδԸĳ׺ɱǣǼпܻ𽥵벻ľء
뵽˴ֶҲ΢΢Щ϶ȻӹһĨ֮ɫƽչꪣڵ˲ٵԪ
ݣ
ȻֶԪ׼ٶƴʱǰеĻǼ״ɫȴǶȻ䣬֮ͬһĵˣȻֶ㵵ĿУԶݶȥ
СϷţɱ֮𣬲죬ϷԲĹģ
ŻԶԶӶݣǷŭҲѸٵشƬɽصݡ
⡭
ֶЩĿӵñӻĻǣһʱ侹еûعȻ֪ǰĹǱȻܣͬĲСǼȥ˭˭δ֪֮ϼһȻôˡ
٣ϼһղдˡСͬΪһĻ㶣Ƭ̺󷽲ŹЦ
ֶε̯̯֣һӣһ߷ǳǰǴӻķ
ϼһӦƾŷڵӡ׷ٶģҽӡĨȥϼһҲҲˡֶһһǿľӿ֮УڣҲǻʵʦҪĨȥڵľӡʲôѵ飬˶̶ʱ䣬˫ۣɹؽڵľӡĨȥ
뿪˴ϼһ˴дһ˱׷˹ٴһЩڵǿߣ¾ֽһĻǾ뿪˴ĨֶҲһȻԶСһ֣߱˹óСèΣֶܽС
ëһҪۣ
СѪֶۣҲŭӿ˴ѵüʱСС׶ǵϹĶ֡
Ͻ߰ɣһϼһﲻٻֵһභڵ㣬޷׵ӦС˴ȻҲܴС˵һ󣬱ǻΪһ⣬ӽֶĵʯС
ģ´μ棬һϹ
ֶ޺޵ҧҧȻǱСף̤âλΪһâǻ෴ķ򣬱Ӷȥ

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ħڵķһ¥ϣĽܷܷĿϷɹһǱӰϹɵʵ˭ܽ˳
С㣬ǵϢǻǴ˴γȥƺǷֶǵӰĽܷܷһ˵
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ԣĽܷܷ΢΢һһɲǣǶԳջĿ֮Уӿһε֮ɫϸ֣Ҳǲ˺촽һΪϸ΢䴽䣬һ˿ŵζ˳
ѵôܣ


ڶʮһ 
¥֮ϣе㰲ĽܷܷµϣҲΪԼĲ²⣬һЩ֮ɫ
ôܣֶʵξСɶѣôܽ˳ģ𾪹Ľܷܷü΢
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ԣǵӰҲǹӦһȻѸӶˡ
ǵӰԶȥĽܷܷҲҧ촽ȻǸֶʵȻܽﵽɵĻ˵˲أ䣬Ǿãⷬ²⣬Ӧ׼ȷġ
Ĳ²ǺȻͷβǵ͹ֶʵɣȼǷ۴ĿҲһǿߣǶ˻ǣҲǶȻܽ˵֮ء
ĿһУܹһģֱǷëǰĴڣ£Ȼֶ̤ëǵ֮С
Ȼ˻ǣԺߵԣǲ׷Ź´ٴ¾͵ټڵǿΧˣʱΣˡĽܷܷĿϧ֮ɫһ˵ʵǿҲһſ⣬ֶǱˣʱܹһЩħҲ㲻ѺãܹǶһʳѰĵˣҲһͦ顣
ֶڶ㵹һЩȤأĹűӡʱҲ쵽ˣ㶨ǲֻǲ֪ǵȺ嫳ϣܹŶٳϵıءĽܷܷȻһЦǵĻȣĵöҡ
һεĴĹűڵǸ̬˵ǸռһҲְɣǲ֪һֶǺεȾʵľ桭
뵽һĻĽܷܷУҲһĨڴ

ڴڶڸ߲㣬ǴϢήңɫýĻǣнŨŨľ֮ɫûϵǿʵȻҲǻ˵Ǳ
ԸȥȫѰֶټһὫͨܲɳǿߣȫΧǸС
ûõ˼ͷ΢΢һһξСӶѣȻҪܲ
ȻǸСӽ˳ģġ
һЩĶţǴӶԷпһĨȻɣ⼴ڣҲǾԵǿߣ£һʮҵСУ˴ı
ĹűϱҪﵽӡʱ򣬵ʱǸСӶǰȥһΣҪӣ
֮Уɭ͸޾ıŭɱ⣬һΣֱֶõ棬𣬾ܲ

ǶΪ˵ĻǶʱΪǵֶȴѸԶ·֮ڽ֮еӡĨҲ±ǻ׷ٶһ·ϵٶȣ
޾ɽֺУֶһɽ֮ĿķǴĹűڵķ
ΪĿǼĴĹűÿһηӡʱɻǴĿΪƴʢ£ǿߣӴܱߵһЩΪģǴĹű֮еֱԶɵǿߣ޷ֻҪܹԵĵõһ㱦˵ܹõԴ˻ڷɣ
Ĺű֮еıԶԶֶϴȥǹĹᲢ۵ģ
ĹűӡʱӦûʮʱ䣬Ӧ˸Ĺԭ٣Ĵ֡
ֶϹһĨЦݣȺۻᣬҪõĹűеıûˣˮûúȡ
Ĵ壬ҲӦûǰ˵ܼһЩˡֶ΢ƣһĨЦ̶һʱ䲻ڵȴѾǵǸϢѹ쳣ѵԪԲ
ڵֶģǴ򲻹죬ȴҪߣҲûǸ㣡
ףֶȭͷ΢գǸõΪǱļһֶģ䳹׵׵Ļ
Ⱥ۶٣ҵҪһ̳ܹ֮ǿδȥ
ֶĿȣûԺյı̣һ£ĪԼƴĥκεȻ壡
˵ţֶпʲôС֮ģʨӲȫĴӣջز֣֮ԣֶ֮һһɫڼףǳУǴӻĸ߼鱦Ƶؼס
ⶫķֶܹ޸ȻܹṩСİȫϣ뻪ǶսʱƵؼǱ޸ĻֶҲڻᱻǰơ
ǴĹű֮УȻ࣬ҲΣأһ㱣ֶΣܹûģԣƵؼףȻɾЩˡ
ֶͼʦʵҪƸ߼鱦϶û޸Ļܹպϡ
ȡƵؼףֶһۻľǰۣһΪһ䴿ľ֮䣬һصĲɢ
ٿž֮Ƶؼ֮ϣʱ߱Ǳһ͵졭
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Сף
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ƵСֶ϶ͻȻ΢΢һ͵ƫͷϱߵķҵƷ֮ţֶǼһµ̤꣬ӥϣһʵĺɫ䣬һսսصĿս⣬ɢ
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ǽ̤ӥ翸ĺֶ꣬УҲӹһĨŨľ֮ɫû뵽ĿһУȻȷ緶֮ˣ
ֶעǵӰʱ߷·ҲĿ⵱תƶȥǺӹһĨ֮ɫҲǴһ֮ٶ𽥷Ż


ڶʮ Ĺԭ
̤꣬ӥھֶлаɾʱͣΣ΢ƫͷĿֶϻɨŨŨ֮ɫֶܹϢξɣΣ˵ʲô֪ΪΣƾżΪḻս飬ȴǴӺϸоһ˿Σյζ
ٺ٣û뵽Ȼ·ϻܹҸеΣյĶ֡翸ɫֶһЦ
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ֶҡҡͷϢӦǴСɵĵز䣬ܹﵽһȻĿӦҲԺ֮ˣֻЩ˽⣬Ҳ޷²Էľݡ
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㡭ӦþǸڻǸϼһֶɣֶȥʱǺͻȻ΢΢ƫͷֶЦ
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Щ˵ļһɻ벻ҡЦڵûʲôη֮顣
ֶ΢Ҳû̸ཻĴ㣬Сף߱Ƿͺ񶯡
ιλѣڹϵõķϣһ䣬˵Ϊץ㣬ڴĹűﰲ˲ǿߣ⣬㻹עһڵı̬˵˴ҲǳˣǶˣֶ׼뿪ʱͻȻٶЦ
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Сӵǲ֪ĹűвٵǿߣȻǰҲȥһˣôϷ
һ䣬ҲһЦ¾ӥһӥ䣬žѸ׷϶ȥ

ĹűĿΪϵĴڣԶŴµżܶ˶ǽΪ񻰰Ĵڣ˸޷Ǹʱɣǿһʲôز
ĹűѲ֪˶£ϵķӡȴȻܹƽ⣬ǿޱȵķӡ£ǿߣ·ҲΪδĹűܹһֱڴĹԭ֮ϵԭΪַܹӡ
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ǡֶЦһȻСף߱ɿضŴĹԭȥ
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ֶóСèεСױУֱǻãã˺֮УдţŴĹԭȥ
;УֶҲȷǿһЩڵȻǸϼһ͹˴ĹűԣǺѹѹɽ˺ЩڵҲ൱Ŀƣܹˣ඼һЩʵвƢ֮ˣ˵ڵͷһҲסô˵ŭԣúõһЩߣҲֻܻĳȥ
켣˺еֶһĻȴǲɰЦǻǵȷǲİ
ھӡһЩʱ䣬ֶҲδԵ̫æڰʱ֣𽥵صִĹԭ
ִֶʱƽԭϣǱѹѹ˺ռݣ˺ǰλãһЩԴĿԼǿռΪõλã˴˼μشš
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ֶ΢ڣǿ߲ǰˣϢƲ绪ǣֶΣζȴ˿Ȼ


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ĵǸҲѸٻĿճһȦӣΪĿ֮жټŵͷߵĵûʲôǿĹű֮ǰͻ
ֶĿ⣬ɨɨȻǷ֣Ѫ֮⣬ȺУȻʵﵽСɵǿߣ²ЩȣܹΪĿʵǲ
ȻСɣڵֶ˵㲻̫ǿҵвڵУõֶΣյģĪѪӣߵľѪ뱩壬ͬһͷҰޡ
ֶĿ⣬ɨӺ󣬱˻壬ԼȺ֮У˵ڣ´ĹűķӡǱϵĻҲЩС鷳
ڵֱռһλãΧЩһηɵĿ⣬ǵ൱ܣΨλѪӣޱ飬Ŀ⾲ضңԶĴĹű
עӣһᣬͻȻλѪüͷ΢΢һ£ҲǷһصĲһĮеشڵķߵģȻ㽫еӡѾĨôĻȻ޷ҵĸ֪
ѪӵĻüΪĪԵһЩڵӶһ㶣ţСɵǿߵȻعȻ絶ķɿɨбȵֶ
춯Ҳ˲ٲĿ⣬Ǻʱ˵΢΢ЩȻֶ֮ڴĿ÷зرڵӻشǺֶǲ֪رǴ˿
ȻֶǸɱ˻ڣ˻ǵˣ
ȻҲ±ڵʬΡ

һ˽ɿ˺дĴҪѰλڴĿͷǡ
ĿĴתʱѪҲǵĮ̧ͷҲ˵һӣһѪɫıӶݺݵض˺һӶȥ
ѪӹһƬȺʱæɢգۼ䣬ֻһӰԭء
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ƵֳֶΣЩڵʱ׺ԪԼǴ
ҶͦȤģ֮ǰǳң㣬ʬȥƷѪӵĮû˿ֶͬ˵һΪѰ顣
⻰ΧЩԼһЩԴЩ˽ˣʱֶͶȥĿ⣬ڴĿֻҪܵȤˣŮĽ൱ҡ
ҪԻһ𣿡ֶ΢΢һЦЦ֮Уͬ͸ŵǰѪȻһ˿ΣյζҪֶȴ治
һˣ㹻
ѪǵĮնȻýΧĲĿǴһЩͶ˹ѪڿڴĿͷΪͬʱҲǺųһ̳֮֮ˣħŵĽܷܷ˵ƴĿһΪˡ
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ƾһˣɻǾƣֶĿضܣЦ

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ŴħԼ˵ĵԭҪһսЩͷβıĻ⵹õòЩźȻһĿ⣬ͶĹűȴŷӡʱ򡭡
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ڶʮ 
ĹԭԼ䴫Ʒ֮Ŀ˳ȥֻһ⣬һɵĵͿշ֮ƣֱǳ
˵ڴĹԭУҪżѹǱֵͿƮӵĻʵˣܹǿ쵽ȻҪĸ߿շУֻǿ߷ܹ쵽ˡ
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ң͸ǿϢҲõףɣɲʲô廨ͷ
죡
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壬죡
֣Ŀ֮УȻǰľз˭ףһˣ̳֮
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һʱءԣֶ΢΢һЦͷĿӰһʱ䣬ûȣ٣ڵ죬ٲƾϢѹȣõǱ
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٣쵹Ȼͬеǰ㲻һֶʱǲԶȴǿбźߣ
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ŵ˫ƽԭŵգҲȻ仺ţеĿ⣬ٶȳתƣضƽԭĴĹűϣ˿̣Ǿ޴Ĺű֮ϣԭܲĹϷģȻǿʼ˱䵭ļ󡭡
ĹűӡҪʧˣ
һĻƬĹԭɧĿ⣬˲ȡ


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ԴֶǲÿɷһѾǺˣǸΪ޾磬˵ʵԵ̫İ
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˫õ˾ǣֶ˫ͫȻڴ˿̱ʯ䣬͸һּ᲻ɴݵĸо
ΪʯȾ壬ﲻƣ⣬壡


ڶʮһ ʯͤ
͸Ųζ֮ϣһ׹ӹ;ϸ΢ĺ֮Ǹٻ
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һĻֶҲе죬ƫͷʯ֮ͤǾĹϺǣǺǹƴöĻԲҩţһֶΪ֮ݵش


ڶʮ ԩ·խ
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ֶ˵ͷȻֻǿһЩ棬־ĺڰȴõ־壬ܹ϶ֺڰУһʲôµĶ
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СףһֶǴкС뿪ȻĿɨʱȴȻķС׵ξʧǰĵطһ
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شҵĻС
һĻֶ˫ۣɲǼѪȭͷգ֨
ʱֻһͷҪϹ֣


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ˣֶȻᣬֶȴǼΪܹ׵ĴСɵףǾ޷ݣҪҲʲô⡣

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ݵĹƣֶһգ۹ꪱֶҲѸһ֮࣬趯ŹꪣӰԪ޽ݺഥ

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ӹһѪԼž֮񡭡


ڶʮ ĵش
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ַУȴǲ֪Ŷٵıڵȴؼյʱ򡭡


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ӴÿͷԶżֶҲβס֮ɫ̾ԶǸʱȻǿֲֿĵز˹ģֱ൱һС͵Ĺȡ
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Ҳ֪ĴԼħŵϵ˴ûУ̫󣬸޷̽⡣ֶ
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Сףȵȣ
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ȲǶˣǱУ޷ʱȡǸߵȷ


ڶʮ 
ĽܷܷȷֵĵطǴħſɲҪ̫ˣѨУЩضǰԶĽܷܷˣ
ܣɲô˵űռڣκζ֮ɲΪʲô󵽱ж˭˭ǴΣȻĻ˵һλ뵽֮⣬ˣѵûʸǰôܵĺĽܷܷȴ콿Ц
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ĽܷܷУҲͬǱͬ뷨Ѿ߸ߵȷˣǵõһߵĻħҪܵѹҲǽӣϾĿΪ˴ᣬֵʵǿˣԶԣǽССԼûʸڴĿԴ
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飡
·սһ˫ǿߺݺݵײһۻ磬ͬһ㣬ɿɢ
ܣձľһ˫ʱĽܷܷͬӳһڹ使˸۳һϸĺɫУвԵӷףǽĽܷܷ߾ճǰ͹̣Ϊ֮Ѫڡ
ȻܹԪףŮ˵Ҳ׺ܹ巨ֵزĽܷܷǵĺɫУСҲЩص
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Ǵ߶ٶȿ죬Ҹ죿


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ڳĿ˸вϵת֮ƣ蹬ڵľΪǰֶʹþ֮͵Ϯʱ뱩֮УֻҪһЩʱ䣬ܹ޸ʱһֶָܹҲٿǸߵȷֶС
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ֶ˻СҲǹЦһΪһӰѸ׷ֶѨϷӶȥ

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ԣĽܷܷȴȻһЦЦܣֶ˵ûĹűڵĶɶ֮ڿɲôԵ
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ֶӣ龰ҪҴħܲ˵ĽܷܷĿȴתֶЦ
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ɱ
ֶûиʱ䣬ԪںҲ˲䣬ָһӣǰķһ̤գƣݺݵӰȻײ


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컯䱮
İֶ֣ȴѵЩ˴Ŀģһʲô


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㲻֪컯䱮
ȻֶϵĴһȻǱĽܷܷķ֣ҲӿһĨ֮ɫ
һԵЩħǿߣҲĿؿֶȻû뵽Ȼﶼδ˵
ҳĿڴĹű֮ڵĶϤֶһЦ֪Ľɷ˵˵컯䱮Ǻ
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͵ҰǴڵĲɡֶЦеص˿ϸĽܷܷռ˵Ļᡣ
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⡭Ҳ̫޷ʲô鱦ܹӵǵ
Ľܷܷü΢֪컯䱮ӦԶɵѧĵطֻҪܹ컯䱮ǰпܵõһѧѧĻãиеͣǿ˵ѧ츳ĹűУһЩž֮컯䱮У컯ѧ
컯ѧ
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ֻʮԣֶһ˵Ļ컯䱮֮ǰٲһսѪɺˣϾ˭⽫Ҫϯλˣ˵ûоʵԼĻϯλҲֻ
ֶǰչֳʵҪһϯӦѡĽܷܷЦ
Ĺűǿƣǹ¼ҹˣ˵⻰ǹһЩֶһЦûԵ̫ſ񣬱ϾĽܷܷܵˣǿ֧ţֶϾƵױǳΪĿꡣ
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СӣҲЩʶ̧٣Ҳ֪˲ˣǸǴħһ𣬱ٻһ棬һ˵Ļָ᲻ᱻȺֶ֮ʧӰһħŵǿ߿ڵ
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ĽܷܷĴɨɨȻƮӶͨȥ󣬴ĴħҲǽϡ
˵ȥѨҲٶȱüžΨǱѵɽڣ֤Ŵ˴һҴս

ΰɽ֮ϣһ׹Ӷ֮ϣֶڻϣĿɨһȦԵطһЩ
ʱɽϣϡܹѰӰ仹޵һЩùļһﴳһЩػ˴
ȥ컯䱮ôСֳֶʵ
ܹõһ컯ѧĻҵսž޴İֶ˵ͷѧУΪǿģֶꪷԤϣǽꪷһʩչӦܹƷѧ˵ѾǼǿҪ컯ѧĻꪷҪ΢Ե
Ȼ֪ǿжǿֶȴܹ˵컯ֻҪ˭ӵ컯ѧǱǾ߱Խս
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ֶЦЦҲ˵һСף߱ǷһͳĻХ֮𶯣֮ԶżشӶȥ
ƬԶżķΧ˵Ĺ󣬼ʹС׵ٶȣڷʮӺȻδִܵĴڸĴ·;ϣֶǼ˲ĿһµӰЩ˵Ϣ඼൱ǿֶЩ죬ȻЩӦöǳ컯䱮ȥģᣬ൱Ĳҡ
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Ǿ޴ʯֶҲɲǼĽܷܷ˵컯䱮ˡ


ڶٰʮ ʮ
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С𽥵ؼٶȣھ컯䱮ԶİգĿɨʱ컯䱮Χ̾ᣬУֶһ۱ǿλǰĴ塣
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ڶپʮ ɱ
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תͷֶżһ棬αڶĿע£䵽С׻֮ϡ
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ǰ󣬺õ컯ѧĶȲϰ
Сӵѧ츳ѵ컹ǿôܣ

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ֶɫ԰׵Ϣķ΢΢ţЩȻǰغǸˡ


ڶپʮ 
ֶɫ԰׵ǿֲϢԴͷȷ컯䱮ڵķ򣬺ȻϢˣӦþعǺ
䣡
ǵϢֲ޷ݣʱرɫֶܹظоƺűռڵԪڴ˿̱һ־˵ٶȣϢԴͷ۶ȥ
ģͬʲôµĶһ㣡
ֶƲ΢΢ţⲢǿ־壬һֶǿֲϢܵķӦΪ֪Ϣ£ʲô컯Сɴɣ¶ǷɻһĴڣ
ʵһ컯䱮еõΪ˵ġָףǿֲϢҪɱֻǷּѣʱ˿ķ
ССףߣ
Ŀ˸ţֶȻվǰĶ޴ȵ֪ΪΣǸоһֲغӦԶػߣǣӦǾ㾻ߣػѹǾԲ׵ķŹǡ
˵Ĺűռǿ߼ֶ࣬ȴףغǰһƵѣԣڻǸϽ뿪űռ
ֶĺСҲǵ˵ͷצӷ趯һȦȦϺڹâӿǹâ֮Уһ͵ѪɫѪڱǿʬг
СѪʱһԵСףҲڷʳѪѪ֮ȴʳ£ѪӴѸٵرøɱǼӲƬ㣬ҲѸٵؿήѡ
ֶ̰ļһҲΣĿؿ컯䱮ڵķ򣬰κɫһ䣬ΪǵصĴǸӴַܶģ·ʲôֲĶ׷ɱһ㡣
һĻֶͷƤʱһ飬ػ߹ȻǲŹЩűռˡ
ˣߣ
ֶͷƤʱС˳ؽѪҲ֪ûʱ䣬ֱһڣһǴֶ
𣡡
С깤ʱСҲɿѪڣʳѪѪ֮ȻδȫʱС׵ϣǿʼһЩѪɫƬԵݡ
ң仯ģСһβԭС׵ı壬ֻΪͨĻѣһβҲֻǰѣβͬһѪɫƬͷѪۣľһ׺ԣ
ɿڣСһȾЩѪɫҲѸٵչֶһϣ񶯣ʱʣƴضңԶӶȥ
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ֶı뿪컯䱮ڵĵطҲǰܵʱʱӰ׷϶Ϊ˶ֱһ㡭
ЩΪԶɵıôôغϢΪֲҿûﵽԪʵ˭޷ʰСֶϣӴܵӰɵҡͷ
Ԫ
ֶ۽΢΢鴤Ī˵ԪһԪǿߣǶǷëǰĴڣˣҲǴףȻֲֶļһ˹űռ䣬˭ס
ˣܲôˣҪεҡҡͷֶԼһЩҪܵãȱסԼСᱻعǺ˳ָʰˡ
һ䣬ҲһСף֮϶ʱһЩѪɫٶ˲䱩ǣʳѪѪ֮С׵ʵŲСٶȣ컯ǿߡ
ֶʱĿ⣬Ҳ̲סת󷽣ңԶĺ󷽣Ʒӿһ籩ĳͣأǰģģľ
ӿ䣬һСӰ̤籩һ־˵ٶӹʣûмаĶһЩýǿߣһըѪѪⶼδ°㡭
عǺȻ׷ˣ
ֶĿ̤ŷ籩ӰͫҲǶȻһһɺ⣬˵컯Ѫ˻ܹ϶ԸĻôغǰһǵҲ޷˿
Ϊ˫Ѿȫһϣ
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޵֮䣬ǲ࣬ɲһǰ㣬ң̤Ǳ̤һأͶ䣬Ԫһȭ棬ǵ춯أ컯ȣȫǴͬһΣ
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ףЩһҲˡϵСͻȻ
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ʱҿͼԶһ꣬ĿռȽϱܹ˺ѶôһЩӡ
űռУڲֹһȴģҪ˺ѿռ䣬Ͻ뿪ط
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ģǸһ϶ӵ¹˲ٶŻᱻعǺϣһĻֶɫҲ΢Ŀ˸
ٶȳӣԽԽǿƾձըѪܵԽԽĿϢֶɫҲǱЩѿ
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øԴʱĴһЩǿҲǷľ棬߶Ԫɽǰγ谭ԱҲǴӴ˴
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ǸǬӳɫ̱Ǿ䣡

һĻҲõֶһ£Ŀ˸͵һץֱڰ;ǬĽ˹ȥ
Ǭ䵽ֶУ˲࣡


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ҵĻֶȻһڻؾҲݣĪ˵ֶôһ΢ķּ֮ˣһЩҶĻ˿ΥĻõԼܵơ
ʲôб¹ֶҲһıָ߸ϵºЦ
㣡
ԣжʱɱⱩӿ̲סͷıŭҪնɱֶ
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ͳĺһЩһңԶ󷽼籩ӰҲӿļɵ֮ɫףڵʵûغǽְС
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ͳë飬ǿɲҪ˵̫ˣֶɫ
Сӣǰ˵˻ɡͳܽһЦһӽռѷ֮Уһӣǽѷ𱬶ȥǲۻԪҲ˴˴Ŀռ䲨Ҫٶ˺ѷ죬ǱЩɢȥʱ򣬺󷽵عǺ׷˹ЩһȻǲֶ˿ᡣ
Щ˶
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ģѹһ˵ӣԭǵ¹õôֶ죬
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ֶļһ䣬Сױ˲չѪɫΪһ׹⣬ıӶ
ֶֶףǳı֮ֶǼѻãöֶţһЩ컯ɵǿߣǻΪĴѣԣȻҲûʲôȥ뷨ⶫغǵ׷ɱ治ֹؼʱ̣˭᲻ý䶪ֶҲûǵϾ󡭡
䣡
ֶӴʱǺ󷽵أƷڵغǵٶҲǶȻӿ죬˴εĿ꣬ȷǲֶʱ籩ӿһ־˵ٶȣ׷ֶ
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С׷ӴʱֶҲǲԺ󷽵ԼͷƤһ飬ʱҲûİ취붪˵ֵǾֻƴӡ
ǣĹűռУ̱ǳصһĻһӰǰƴĻԶĺ󷽣ӿرɫ·ĩһ㡭
;УֶҲ˲֮ͬˣЩùļһٶԶԶϲСףֶһϣ±ǱըһѪëȻ
ֶ죬ټֲþܵһˣСֶϣźԽԽغǣΪŵصȫʢʱڣȻǲغǣϧǣڵɲʲôȫʢ״̬Իǵõ͵
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ȹؼʱ̣СƺǽǰʳѪѪ֮һЩ
ۣ
ӴѪɫ˫չʹһ󣬿³ΣСٶȶȻǣ䣬һѪɫĲӰ
СͻȻ䱩ǵٶȣҲֶһϲٶȣ컯ǿ߿¶Ǹϲϡ
Сٷ£Լӵʱ䣬ǲԶƽԭϣǳһ޴Уͨĳڣ
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Сף죬ȥ
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أ
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ֶһĭתͷֻ籩ӿƬƽԭϣʱ䣬رѣƿӿ䣬һҰɫĹǺҲ̤磬Ʈ̯һϢȻۡ
ˡ
عǺľٶֶͷƤҲ˲䷢顣


ڶپʮ ɫ
ӿ󣬿µԪ·ƽԭ˺ѣǰ㾪춯ص󣬿ľս
Ƿ籩䣬عǺǻھֶԶĵطǰɭɫĹǺԼۿ˸ŵâֶҲһĭԪ߶£ʱ似Ҳ˳
𣡡
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ʵڲУȽǬ˰ɡСεص
ƽմôؼʱ򶥵вУֶҧҧ
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һҪ˵ȫʢʱڣֶ̲סƽ۹ꪣһϻھҪǬˣ˵عǺȻǲ׵ķŹȻˣҲֻƴ˰
ô˵ģүȻ򲻹ҪĻеģȻǴۼ󡣡С죬Щεص
ϣɡֶȴǲ㽫ϣ׵ļһϣĿغǵϣӺͻȻԪ֪ƺҪˡ
Ӷߣɱ⣡
غǣ̤籩ۿ֮У˸źâһ쳣˻ƵشдУ޾ɱ⣬ضΪ֮ɫ
˻غǻҰɫ͵̽ԪХֱڰ۳һյľްԪƣһ֮£ֱ𱬿ͷֶŭĶ£ǵƣһɽ壬õɷĩ
ȹƣֶɫҲӿһĨ԰ףһɲǣжȻ˸׺ݹ󣬼Ȼ·ӣǾֻƴһ
ҵҪػߣкֶͣһͺ˫ͻȻóһΪµӡӡı䶯ԪҲڴ˿̷䣬ΧصԪҲűס
䣡
һԪĻֶ䣬ҲŲƣЩǣԪǿ߷еı£ȻǱոմﵽֶ쵽ˣһĻǱͳǿĻȻầƨ
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Ȼֶڵʵʩչ˴ָȻҲǲĽغסˣ̵Ԫգ۵ʱ䣬ǱغñѶȻһӣǾ޴İ׹ӡھָȻײ
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ײɲǣ˲ױȵԪ籩ϯϵƣ磬̼䣬ɨõȻ޴棡
Ԫ籩棬ʱ޴ɳˣƽԭӿ֣ȻǸߴʮӴɳˣǳʻΰ㣬˷ϯƽԭڴ˿̱һƬǽ塣
Ԫ籩ϯģڵľָǷͷſµ籩󣬾һУ˫˫Ѷ
ֶȻƾʵĵǿֲغһ
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˵εĹֶɫȴɲǼɷףһѪëףǱһЩѪɲǼ˱ǱһѪˡ
һѪֶŲŵŵļٲЩǱסʱڵԪǰһĴ
ĶҲֲ̫һ㡭ֶĨȥǵѪڵƣɵÿЦһ˵ǿĵֵ˶ԷһУۣʵС
ߣɱ⣡
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һĻֶǰ̲סЩڣղŵһƾǽ߾ȫʮʣ°㡣
СӣҲ̫çײˣȻҸӲСֶϣСҲǳֶǰ棬عǺһŭ
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䣡
غӡ䶯Ȼ̽ƣʱرɫʮյľ޴ƣͷǶֶŭĶ£ȹ£ֶԲǧڵĿռ䣬ǱֶǱֿ񱩵ԪѹƵö˿
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СĿŰգצӴһϺڹâɿӿϺڹâУһ˿Ͻ֮ɫɫɫӿʱСеɫȴ𽥵رóǿʩչʲô
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ֲֶҲһȻعһڹͻȻǬӳΪһöɫķģͷϷ
䣡
ɫľֶͷϷûκεǼŻʮƣȴһɲǶȻ̣
ǹͬʱ̵ģƬرԪԼյعǺ
عǺۿǺɫķģâ˸ֶĿ£Ǻɫģյĵϥ¡


ڶپʮ ֮
ʮӴԪƣϣգֳŻԵϵز£˺ѳһΪĿֲѷ졣
ЩԪƣȴûµļǰģͬռһ㣬գ˿
ЩԪ·ɫľͬһεϱڰ㣬ֶ£Ʊȴơ
ǡ
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СҲΪһĻеĶЩȵصϼһƺԶеλߵӰ
ֶ΢΢ͷעغǣƽе۹ꪣ㲻ҷɡ
ֶǽŵĿע£ɫķͻȻųһЩâЩâҫ£Щ޴ԪƣȻǿʼ飬̶˲䣬ǻΪ㣬ɢȥ
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ԪƣǺɫͻȻ£صĺۿеĺâҲ𽥵ɢȥ֮ϣźɫĹؿͷԼ䣬һЩԶŶģ˸оһֱ֮⡣
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ֶ̾һеâҲ𽥵صǹϵغ֣صıȭһƾִػɣǰǺ֮ˣֵþ塣
ϣعǺڿͷ󣬷ٶվֶͻȻһ֣һӿȻֶǴǬǷӶ
ǬӳֶҲһοЦûٳᣬ֪ΪɫĵĻعǺǲ׷ŹǵģǼһִҪջЩҲֻ˵ԼԵ
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Щ磬ڷӿ֮ʱɸϸС񣬷֮״һ㣬Ϊ档
öعǺΧƻӶֻЩͻȻٵתһ˿˿ĺش͸عǺڡ
һĻֶʱȻЩĺϣоһּΪصĲ
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Сӣһ٣㽫Щ߲ҷãպ²пͷˡ
ֶͷ亹û뵽ЩԶֶҲ˵ĺȻЩŹŹ֡
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ʦһػšʹҲҪػ
ǻصڶԵ˻ֶ֮ҲЩȻĿԶȥعǺһĨ⣬ִȻٿػţִŶôǿ
Զɵ˲죬ϧȻ˥ܵĽ֡С
ֶ΢΢ͷԶɣڵӦҲ൱ǿĴڣµܹ˵ۣɲˡ
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뿪ɣǹִػ˵ܹǴߡСߴٵ
ֶͷ˴ɫͻȻֵĻ»һ棬ҾСӹ˽٣һ٣ȴ޷⣬˵ɫģ˵ǾΡ
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߰ɣ뿪ǳڣֶҲظһһεĹűռ֮УǻԵ֮ʣٲҪһС֮ء
٣ܣңȴСү󣬵ȴ˴γұҪڼȮ
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أֶҲصһȻԪԶûйűռۻ룬ȴǸһְȫĸо
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Щ޵󱲣ֶһƲͷһЦҲãڵ״̬Ĳղغǽ֣ʩչеܵ˻ĻЩ鷳˵ĻҲһʱ䡣
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ʱĴĹԭ൱ĻңȻҲû˼۲ֶǻǼΪ˳ĳ˴ĹԭѰһľɽˮ֮ء
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ЩֶҲһ˫Ŀ΢գ𽥵ؽ״̬ؼԪһ˿˿ڣӯǳ˿ݽߵԪԼ
֮У֮ԣһޣؽ״̬Ψһ߷ʵػһԣӿۻһЩޣ˿ҿǰ

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ͬʱ䣬һЩ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳٶ̲סؿһǺвֹĻǣһΣƺĵһ鷳ֵܼĶְ

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ֶУһȣһ貶ۻԪӿʣо޴۹ꪣȻ
Źꪺֻ֮ϣͬʱ˾޴ĽӰԼԳӰӰ̺ƥԵȻʺХһ̬ݺݵغǾħӰϣ
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춯ذը죬쳹ţǣ·ڴ˿̲һ˿񱩵Ԫϯ
飡
ϵײûгãȻ˱𾪵ļĽԼԳӰֱؽǾħӰ˺ñը
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ھħӰը˲䣬·ڵǿɫʱһףһѪܵˣҲǽŲģˤڵء
ǱѶĴ󣬴УҲһƬƬ˭û뵽ֶȻһ֮ǿлǿɵĴ
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ǱչѣѵĿѪֲ֮ôһСҲҵҰ
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 ս벽컯
Ѫֲ𣿵Ǹƾһ֮Ѫϴ˴ԪڵѪֲ𣿡
ȻڴǣΪһ궼δ¶棿
˵𵱳ʵЩչس컯Ҳ֪ûгɹƣҲǰ벽컯Ĳΰ
벽컯û뵽ǵڷֲȻǿֶ˴εʧ˰
ˣ벽컯ǴĿеĶǿߣ治ֶ֪ȣżʤ㣿
ҿʤ㲻ᳬɣ벽컯Ȼֻǰֻ̤컯֮䣬ȴżΪӴĲ࡭

һڷֲӳѪɫӰǶǱɧһɲĿ⣬ǵӰ˽ͬˮɢ
Ѫֲ𣡡
ͬʱ䣬ħԼ˴ĽܷܷҲɫ΢ǵѪɫӰΪĿˣǶȻǼΪ˽⣬ֻûϵˣȻһֶЩΣ˰
Ѫֲ𣿡
ֶ˫Ҳ΢УǵӰʱǹâ΢΢¶еһӰ߿ȥԼңѪƣһͷѪĳԵøĴۣ䣬ɭ֮ɢ
ңֶעģһһֱۣȻҲǳֳɫǰģ类ѪȾһ㣬͸˿˿Ȼɷ֮
û뵽ڷֲеϢȻǴˡֶĿ΢΢˸ѪֲͷҲ˵ƾһ֮һɱѪɺӣȮǵ쳹ĿֻǽЩ𽥵伣ԭǶڴ˴컯
٣һϢȻûȫĽ컯Ҳֻǰ벽컯ѣСӣҪҳôСֶԾԾԵ
벽컯ͬľôԣֶȴ΢΢һգҡҡͷЦʱãҵǺԣ벽컯ǿߣк˲֮
ڹűռʱֲֳм̵ģǰ벽컯ʵֶҲʵǣ֪벽컯ǿߣкĵط
ң˵ִҪ֣˵Ҫһ£֮䣬ʲôĲ࣡

ʱЩǿ߼¶棬ҲǴϲʱ£˹ȥɫ൱ľηܣҲԵüΪĿ
ǵҲ̫ʧˣ˶ˣȻһСƣɨءĿ⵭ɨһܵˣƽУȴЩĺ֮⡣
ҵãֶȷһЩ¡һЩڵǿ߿Ц
壬ֶٰڹȥڹűռǿԭڵĸߵȷ׵ķŹҧгݵص
Ŷ
ԣҲӹһĨ⣬̧ͷŲԶֶҲٶ˵̤ѪɫԪͬ㣬
Ŀ꣬û˸裬Сӣ㾿ʲô·죬ˣ
̤գޱ飬ĺ޷εİԵ֮⣬ͬʱ䣬ѪɫԪںХǲϵ۳֮״ƾˣ˲˿С
ûǵȱ£ֶЦ֮Ͻӿ֮䣬á
öû˸˵ǳţ»ҿûʲô̵˵ģȻ㲻ǾѧѣЦЦ֮УɱⱩӿ
ԣֶһߣûٶ˵˿ķϻһգӿֱ۳ӴĽɫ̨ȻݺݵضŲͷȥ
Сһ˵ÿһ仰ǵͷĽ̨һЦû˿ܵĴ㣬˫֮ϣѪӿֱ֣һȭصغڽ̨֮ϡ

Ľ֮֮쳹صһɾ˵ϯǽɫֱ̨Ǳһȭɶȥ벽컯ʵȷԶԶĳɣ
Сӣ㳢ҵѪħۣ
һȭɽ̨ζʱӶһȵѪӰ㣬Ѹٵسֶǰ˫ѪӿһѪɫͷȭѸٳΣǵصĺֶ
أ
ЩͷΪĹ죬һʱǷһ̶Щ·Ӱ˵ǣ޷רĶԵС
ùʽҪӰҵǣûôףǹֶҲЩȣһһ֮Ƿɿǰ۶
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ֶ֣֮˫ȭ趯貵ĴԪ۳һȭЩ֮𣬱ճھȭ֮ϣѪۺȻײ
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ײЩѪɫͷѸھ֮˿ɢȥѪ̺ۻԪҲǱȭ
СӣȻԾ֮ԪѪۣһУȻֶƽȥǲȻҲǼΪľȣôҲǰ벽컯ǿߣһһǿԪǱؽЩԪȭž֮𣬾𱬶ȥ
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𱬾ȭ˫צΣѪɫԪָۣͬΪĵа㣬ĹֶҪ
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ϣӰĽһ˵ľ·˿ĿתǶóʱˣ棬вǱĽ֣
ֶȻܹƾСɵʵ벽컯Ĳ潻·磬ǲ˼鰡
ǰԪۻ̶ϣԶԶϲϲȥȻ𽥵ߣ
ǲôҲĿǿߣһСƳҲЩѿ

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Щ˽ո£һըϴ˱ǼֶӰŵŵʮȻԪۻ̶ϣ˲һЩ
սʮغϣҲͣıֻЩĻʮغڣұȡ
ֶ˵ռϷ磬ɫȴÿϾУֶֻһСѡ
ʹ죡
ĲɫȣֶȴЦǰǷʯĽ֣˵ȴǸļңսҪġ
벽컯ȻЩҲ˶ѣ
ֶһԪڴ˿̺ޱıʱ䣬ɫǱðһЩյԪҲڴʱÿ񱩶
ֶȻ֮ɫãǲɫҲ˲ء
壬СģСҪʩչ컯ѧˣǲԶҲͫһȵ
컯ѧ
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쵰ҲǱǵ󺧵Ƥĵļ֮⣬ѧôֶ֮У
ӵ컯ѧҲȻǲĶ֣ܺұҪֶΣ㽫컯ѧĿ˸׺֮ɫɫҲһĨ֮⡣
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ֶΣǾҷڵƣȥͬƹص㣬쳣ݡ
֮ϣۻԪɿۣĿע£Ѹٵ۳һֻаӴĽɫָ
ָӴޱȣ֮ͬһ㣬ǾָϣܲŸޱȵ·ķģżΪǿ
ֶһʩչĴָһȣȻżĲͬһΣһľָһΣȴֻаָ
ûһɫָֻǰָˣǵǺ춯أ
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ɫָΣ籩ΧѸٵسΣȥԵüΪǿᡣ
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籩ӿֶ͵һָȻհ£ʱ䣬𶯣Ǿ޴Ľɫָ˲併ٶ£һɲǣ·գǱ˺ѡ
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ֶһȣһɼΪǿĲȻǽָϯ£̼䣬ԪȻѸٵһΰ㣬޷ܡ
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Щ̵ԪҲѸٵػָɣѪɫԪ֣䲽Ȼ̤
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С컯ѧȴʩչ֮Ǳ͸ң컯ѧ֮
֮ϣŲ̤ǲϢҲǿʢ˶㣬Ȼ̧ͷ֮ͬȻµĽɫָܹܵǾָ֮ӿĿѹȴû˿ľ£Цһȭ
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ǣҲֶԺ²˾ֵѸٺˣһԪ֣æ壬±
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ףǲĴЦ֮ҲǺȻ𣬻صʡ
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壬ɱСӣȡ컯ѧԼߵȷռϷ磬ǷҲǴϲȵ
СûҪԶ֣Ѫ趯Ц
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ֶЦ֮˫֮еĽ⣬Ũ͵һ̤ٶһ㣡
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һָԪ˲ֶںޱıӿʱ·Ľɫָ֮ϣƣǰָĿע£Ѹ죬ǳɹ۳һָ
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飡
һεİ£˲ǽӴѪɫ˲䣬ĿУը
һĻϵĿЦԼϵľϲҲ̼һޱȵĺȻѸٵͫ
컯ѧ
޿赲ݿ࣡


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ڽɫָ֮±ȥѪɫǲ֮ҲӿһĨ֮ɫαˣȭ趯Ϊ޴ԪȭӰݺݵضֶȥ
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飡
һָ£֮ܲԪ˲ȥһ޿ɿܵľ˺ѷص֮ϡ
ͳ֮쳹ֱӱõɳף;һ𱬶ȥЩǱֹסΡ
ͣ
ֹסɫ׽棬һѪ̲ס˳ֶһָ̤˰벽컯ĵزҲ޷ܡ
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ôܣܵڵǿߣͬΪһĻɫһЩǿߵ̲סʧУֽ֣˵ϣ˭޷뵽Բ벽컯ʵСɵֶ
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ݺݵĨһǵѪͷǵӲӵӰɭȻȵ컯ѧȷСӣʵǰֹ㻹ʩչΣ
Ҳǰ벽컯ǿߣ˵ǰֶĹǽˣȴɥʧսҲף컯ѧȻǿ󣬵ֲֶͬʵºѽʩչ
ֶ˫΢Уʵȷǲ̴ָ̫ܹ࣬ܣҲĽɱֶΣɲǽֻŴָ
һսõɨأѪֲ𣬲˶ѣֶһЦ
ԣɫҲһ䣬ɱ⼫Ũ
壬һʱʧ㲻ʲôֻҪСӾסɣǰѰ˴ŵľģ˵صͨܲǱȻɳǿߣʱСӾ컯ѧҲضѷɣڲŭʱǲԶͻȻȵ
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ܺʱֶҲһЩһҲǸļһ
ҪңǾȽѪϴˣ
ֶЦһضŲӶȥٶۻԪɢ
ֶǲҲһǰĿֶҲ˼ɵ֮ģҲӲѡ˺ˣǴ⣬ֶֻǽסֻҪʱԮһֶֽնɱ
٣ȻڲαʱֶͻȻһתֱǽתӶȥĿ꣬ԭǲ𣬶ܣ
Ͼ˴ǰǣֶһҪץȡһҪλˣл롰йص鱨ЧѾﵽǱǵץˣ
еЩˣȻλͣϾǰ벽컯ǿߣץȻˣǱõѡڵλͣҶֶԣҲûавԡ
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һǿƺǿߣֶһ׷ܣ֮ϣԪӿһѶźץ˹ȥ
󷨣ħХ
ֶץɫҲǾ䣬æʩչؼʱ䣬̶ľǱɿϯֶ
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˫ʱ䱬һը֮󣬵ͳը˫Ѹٴ
ƾڣҲ˵Σըֶ֮ϽֱۣǴ͸صһѱץסǣһɰֱӽȥ
ֶĳ֣ڵʯ䣬ֻǼոҪԲ֣һǿߣܣǱͬһץС
ˣſܣʱǲ𷽲Żعɫ࣬Ƿֶ˵棬ץߵĻڵտɾҪˡ
ڳʱҲٶȱӶѪ֮Ѫӿһȭֶȥ

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ۻ˫ǵһЩ룬ǲ𣬾ûȡðϷ硣
ߵȷ
һͫҲһɭȻ
ڣˣһսʹ죬ǣ
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ֶԶݶȥȴȻһƬ˶Ǳ׵Ĳ֪ӽ쿪ʼֶ쳹Ŀ
һ֮ڣǿƻܰ벽컯ǿߣ󲻽Ȼˣ°һˣսۼ߻ǶߣΨ𺳡


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Ҳǰ˵Ŵְָܹܲ벽컯ǿߣȴû취ɱ˫ʵӴĲ
ȻСҪնɱֽһ£ĻͻعСʵֽ¶ǰ飬ֶԸΪ֮
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㾿ɫ콻棬ܹоóֶӿɱ⣬ҾεĽ֣ҲֶʲôĴˣֻܲʵĺȵ
֪һЩڵ鱨ֶ΢΢һЦ
Σֻ֪Խ࣬ԽԼЩٶ޴ԡЦ
֪һЩؼֱܹѹ˵ļ䣬ʩչǱʩҲ־壬룬ӦòϣֶΰɣֶЦ
㣡ԣɫʱһ䣬ȻҲ˵ЩΪݶľؼֶԱʩߣżΪص˺һ»ֱŪϡ
֪ʲôɫãڻҧȻֶǿŻģȴԼȥġ
״ֶҲһЦֺݶľؼȻǲһȻҲЧ
ڣһδĹűʱԷѨײõһֶɣֶص
ô˻ͫȻһ΢ͷ֪
ֶ̾һһӣǾ֮ǺݺݵغԴ֮ϣһɹ֮⣬͸蹬˿еľ

֮蹬ܶʱĲҽʹ˺Ҫ౶
ֶĮȻشܣ˫ָɺ߷Ĳҽ
ͣҸ㣡ֶĮĿ£ӵܣٶ˻Ƶصû취Э֮ȥ蹬᳹׵ıٻ٣蹬˵ɱܡ
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һιűռ俪ʱڣȷǴǷѨеõһּΪصĶд˻Ƶص
ǶںδֶָĦһ侫֮ҲǷ˵
ǣҸԴӵõǶ֮󣬱һֱڱչ֮УȻҲ֪ǾʲôѰ֮
ǡֶüͷ΢΢һ壬ڵܲɭϣǿǣ֪˶ٱܹڴȥ磬ȴûȥ硭
ǰҽӵϢҸ׽ʮ֮ǿ֮Ϊ֣֮УƺһӡĴڣҪǶͱƽӡַӡΪǿԹΣնʧܣһΣۼڵǿƿӡ
⻰ֶȻһҲǼȻܹλͫеķӡ
ֶȻ֪Ǻͫµķӡжǿ汻ƽ⣬Ļһ۴ܵСҲֶ
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ΣգҲǵȥ


 
ǣڴĿպɽ֮Уɽͬй֮Ѱ֮ˣйĶǻᱻ壬˾
˵ɽһʢĴ֪ŶżΪֲĺУں˷۳ִССĺУһУ컯ǿߣҲǱɣԣǴɽǽذĴڡ
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ӴĳŴۣͬһ㣬ڳſǿţΪϸ̲ÿһλǵˣǰɭϡ
ǽҵͨֶ΢˫ۣܹڳŴĻһǲܴ롣
ͻȻ˽زֶĿΧЩɽ䣬ܹоһЩɬǿϢһڵľٶʵֵЩ
Ҫƽ⡮ӡȻҳ˿©ɽΧżΪŨҵĺ֣γȻػϣǿĻǻᾪеСվֶϣ
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٣ЩȻŨң˵Чȴ󡣡СЦ
ԣֶһĿһɨӶΣƿ棬ΧѰŷԱĵط
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ֶЩ𾪵ɢȥĺԣһɲǣָоͷ·ЩԪںͫ˵һָ£һ㡣
Ԫܹնɱ⾿ʲôֲֶΣ
֮Ǻͫ˾ǿֵزܹƿ֮֮䣬ƿСҲڴʱ֮̾
ֶ֮һûŹ
ˣڵָģǿߣ޷ԺҲܹﵽͨزСЦ
ֶЦһȷڵ컯ǿ߶Ǵ˵еĴڣοܹƿ֮Ǹ붼û롣
ߣȻ֣ǰжôǿᣬ֮£ҲͬϣɢϣɲĿ⣬Ҳһͫ˵Ӱϣ׺ߵĿֲ֮٣ǷּĨڣϧֻһµĲӰˣ
ɲһ䣬һӣһǬӶĴԪзӶɿڻɹԪΪŨԪƮϣѪںϡ
ôֱʣ
һĻֶҲһڲǴĿ󶥼֮һȻֱӴ߻ϰĴԪ»ûܹ׵ó
䣡
ĴԪǴѪƷڣ۴۳һֻ޴ѪɫѪɫҫ£ԪƾձըΪɢ
ɽΧĿǾ޴Ѫɫϣ޲ǱñɫǴ֮͸ǿͷƤ顣
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ֶҲΪѪɫ֮ӿĲͫһСĵѹϢ֪ʱѪɫҫϣտ±Ȼ׶༪٣
ħ󣬾Ѫۣ
ѪɫۣɲҲӿǿҵţȹƣԺɱ컯Сɵǿߣ˵ӰǰȻޱǿڣҲֻֻһɱĲӰˣ
ߣװŪϼһӡ
ͷӿɲһָ趯쳹𣬶Ѫ޴Ѫɫ򣬶ʱһѪ⣬ᴩأż˿񱩵ƣ


һʮ 
ݣ
Ѫᴩأٶȿ޷ݣֶֻܼһѪӹһɲǣѪ⣬ȻִͫӰϷ
ƣ
ɲı֮ϻص쳹Լ䣬ͬͽķΪƽӡʹеֶΣȻ޷ƽĻǴ˴εжǽʧܶա
ֽȻɲģ
Ѫ⽵ٶǺͫӰҲ̧ͷһԺ֮ͫУû˿Ĳƽһ̶ˮ㣬ѪӡǺͫУ䣬Ϊͫһֱ֮⡣
ûлϿߣԵ
նϵͻȻشӺͫӰдٶĿע£ָصһ·ʵʰѪ֮ϡ
źͫӰһָĵƬأ·ɲǼӿһĨɫ֮⣬ɽϵһЩȻڴ˿Ѹٵؿήģ·Ǳһ㡣
һЩбȽϽǿߣҲǾĸоǵͷϣȻ𽥵ڳһ׷ǵƺҲţ
ˣ
ͻı仯ֱҳɫ䣬ǿԪڱ御ȻαˣһĨ־֮⣬ܹоһ޵Ǻͫɢ£·ǵڱȥ
ҳȻΪ־壬䱾ͦµҲָɢȥĻµ͵ûΪ
λǱúˣЩڵǿҲӿһĨֻţڱϾڵľ񣬵ûԵùڵĻңɿ˼䣬ҲԵþȻ
ˣ
ɽ֮ϣľήǺͫ˵ָ⣬ȴǳһĨɫâǻɫâΪƽûаĲ֮ϣȴζ
ͫˣһָٶĴǵͬʵʰѪɫ֮ϣһĨɫâ貵Ѫ֮£ԵüΪСգۼš
ȻϸСĹâȴڽʴУһִݿٶȣ貵ѪɫһηɫѸٵؽѪɫ
꣡
ǻɫâܲѪɫѸٵظһƣɲɫ£ɿرѶ̶գ۵ʱ䣬̺ϰöԪĹƣǼͫӰ赭дĻȥ
ңһΣڻѪɫ֮ǻɫâȴδɢȥʣصѪɫ֮ϡ
飡
ѪɫڱеɲǣǱ򻺻£һƾըɷĩţյѪɫҲǿʼһıը󣬶̼䣬ݻٵ֧飡
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Ŵƣ·Щڵǿߣɫһ죬һڿѪһʱ䣬棬ǱѪȾ죬Ȼܵ˲
ʧˡ
ڰֶЩѪ˵ǿߣҲ̲סصһµĿںɫ֮ϵĺͫӰֻһǧµĲӰѣ̺ȴڣ޷⣬ֶ˿ɣͫӰٶ߱һ㹥ԵĻ½ȻѪɺӣʬҰ
Ѫ⣬˶Ǳȥ˭δϵǿ֮Ȼʧȥ
ҹɫŴأɽ⣬ȴһƬžٵԼǿߣĿⶼڴ˿̷˸ţڣɵ϶֪Ǻɫ֮УȻżΪǿıȻĻӵ˿ֲķӡڣҲỨشĴƽ
ֱû˲ģ֪ʱУȻ޷һЩ̰֮ıǰοڵϣ
ɽҰžʱɲҲǱһĻЩʧƬ̺󷽲Żع˲ޱȵźͫӰΪƽӡܵ鶼ѹȥǻӻϰĴԪĽȴǸͷһĻĻ̲ס
ôܣ
ˣɲҲϸ΢زţôĴۣѵȻǺջ
ʱҳҲϰգɲԣںɫ֮ϵĺͫӰɵÿЦ»ôӳ飬ձ¶ӵرⲻ˿ӡ
Ǻǣɲû뵽ھȻȱ˵Ҳ̫СˣرóһͬĻǽƽ⣬ĻͷҳϵĻոʱһЦͻȻ쳹𣬶ƷӰǳϡ
ӰźɫΪߣһӣ˻˫ĿһɼΪǿϢŸ֮ɢ
ͬȥЩݵߣЦݣƤһְ֮ɫ羫һ㡣
ĽףǴħţҲڵ£ͻȻˣɲɫ˲
ĽףԭǴħŵţüһȻҲλ컯СɵǿߡֶһĻҲһϸһĨЦݣ棬ԽԽˣҲҪġ
ɲ˵ʲôرȻ޷׷һͬо˵ܹջ񣡡ֶͷתʱͻȻһЦ𣬽ţӰϡ
˵ڡ
ֶٶȳֵӰЦŨһģͬΪĿ󶥼֮һ֮ˣ˵ʵ˿ȴħ
һСӣ󶥼Ǿ룡
ĵ⣬̱Ǳɧڰеǿߣ𽥵ǿɫŵĿ⣬̰֮ɫ
һĻɲ˵ɫȴ𽥵ȻЩ͹˺ɫŵջԣ񲻽Ǵħţ˱ó֣һЩԼǿߣҲѹ˶ڵĿ־壬ʼ
ɲҵǺúܣ֮оʲôȻܹǿķǴħĽ״ЦһйâһͻȻһץֱ۳һ޴ԪƣһѶźɫץȥ
Ľ׳ֵɲǣ˵ڣҲһЦͬʱ֣Ԫ۶ɫš
Ǹң
Ľڳ֣ɲҲɲǼɭ쳹
ǿ˭մȾ֮ɱۣ
̱Ϊҹɭɭɱ⡣


һʮ 컯
ǣ
ɲǳɱ֮ǿߣҲȣɱⱾͺգɭ䡣
˵ǰΪƣڲǿ߶ЩƣǱϾҲǴĿ󶥼֮һο˴ϳҪûͣ»ֻģ
ɱЩǿߣҲͻȻһ㣬Ŀ䣬ǲҺҳ֣ϾǲǴħԼȻǲòСһЩ
ڵ壬ѰǿЧСĽԼȴûаԣ˶ĺ˼ҲԪĴֱ֣Ƕźɫץȥ

ٶҳҲǴŭһȣαǱӶֽĽ׶
λϣڿɲô̰ģȻҳϸոճ֣ǸĽԼڶλ컯СɵߣҲЦ֣Ԫӿֱǽҳϱ˶ȥ
벽컯ߣǶӭУ
ԶģҳȻռϷ磬˿ȴ˿ţȵ
ǣ
˺һ䣬ǹ㳡ϣʱ쳹ĵĵӰӳҳ󣬾λʵﵽ˰벽컯ǿߣУһֶϤӰǵֵĲ
ңλ벽컯ǿֺ߳ҳһӣӰǳԣû˿ԥֱǽʮԪΪԪӰ֮Уʱ䣬һɷϢǻشӰ֮ɢ
ߵȷ
Ӱһ֣һЩ֮ǵϢԸ벽컯ǿ
ڵĸߵȷô
ڰֶҲЩݣճеݣھȻλ벽컯Ȱ벽컯ĸߵȷԼλ컯Сɵǿߣ
ݣԽκεò˿ĶڣȻǿƣ
ֶݣҲ̾һΪԵʣǲðϾʵû취濹⡣
ڼݣֶǸе𶯣һЩԭڱͷǿߣʱɫҲǱõԭ̤ĽţҲĵջһЩھֶôĻңڵͷЩ浶ǹƴģڣҲû˸Ҷ˿С
λ벽컯ǿԼ߸ߵȷһħţڵλ컯СɵǿߣҲ΢һ㣬ϾϳǣҲ޷̫޼ɵ
γɶʱĽԼԪĴ֣ǳ˺ɫϿգǼһѽץסʱһӰȴͬȰس˹Ϸһȭʱ䣬ԪըԪ֣ȻǱ䱬ȥ
Ľףڣǻ浱Ӳɣ
䱬Ԫ֣ǵӰ̧ͷɫȻɲȻʱ̣̲סسˡ
ɲȱô꣬Ҳܸóһ°ɣɲܹһȭ䱬˵ĹƣĽȻҲе죬ǴЦ
ǺǣĽ˵òⶫȻЩ죬ڵ޷ƽ⣬֣˵ܻ֮ҲЦ
ڵĶûܹõߣɲ棬ⶫڷϴľŪ֣˵ƽӡʧܣװ׵óħ˹Ļǳ˵Ρ
ȻˣǾ͵ÿܷסҶˣ״ĽײɵһЦĿڶһۣȻһ̤ɲǼ䣬컯СɵϢޱıǿƥԪӿһС͵Ԫ籩
޼壡
Ľ׵壬ڴ˿ͻȻͶͻ壬Եͬһ㣬֮ϣƤѸٵתΪһְɫ䶯䣬һֿµɢ
δ֣ɲձԣЩо
ɽȭ
ͣĽ׵ЦҲͬһ㣬Ȼһȭըһɽȭ磬ֱǱĽһȭݺݵغɲ
ħӥѣ
Ľ׳ֵɲǣͬһЦצͣȻһ̽ǿԪӿǰ۳һͷʮӴӥצƥ֮ʣץɲ
컯ǿͬʱ֣ǵƣ춯أ̼䣬ǽеĿⶼ˹
ۻĹƣٶȼΪѸͣգۼ䣬ɲ޴ɱܣλ컯СǿߵĹƣɲɫȴȻƽһƽʵһȭ
أ
ɲһȭʱ֮ȭ³Σһ޴Ԫͷ۶ɲƽʵһȭĽ˵ĹƣӲһ
䣡
Ŀע£µԪϯ¡¡ľ죬ͬһ㣬֮ϻصɢ
ҵԪ𽥵ɢȥȻǺɫϷһӰȻǵĿ⣬ɲȻһ֮ĵλ컯СǿߵĹ
ôܣ⣬ʱ֮˭û뵽ȻĽԼ֣δܻɲ
ϣΪǵĽԼڣͫҲڴ˿̶Ȼɫر
ͻˣ
Ľ׶صɫɲһЦصǰͻƵ컯ɣһ
ɲ˻һ̱
컯ɣ
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컯СɣȻֻһ֮ǲ࣬ȴǼΪӴ٣ڵĽԼֵĻǲгɵʤ㣡
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컯ɡ
ڰֶҲڴ˿һ˫ֻգ͹ɲʵ컯ɣʵʵ̫ǿˡ
棬ǱüΪϾҪڴﵽ컯ɵɲƤߡǰѶȣͬ졭
ˣҲûа취ٷ

³һŰֶ񻺻رҲ
С׼ˡ


һʮ ˾
ɽҰһƬžĺպХ֮
Ľףڣǿɻ붯֣ɲ˫ָɫĮȻϵĽ׶ˣص
ԣĽ׶üͷҲ΢΢һ壬һۣûٶȳ֣ľ棬Щǵϣ̤컯ɵɲǶ֣Ҳûбʤİա
ɲʵȷЩǵϣڽر¶ע⣬ܹ˷ӡƽĻǻ˵㣬ǰʧܣɻаգĿص
ͷġɲ񲨶һ£
ɲ˵֮㲻ǣ֮еıҲǼΪӣǰⶫѲ̶ȣѾԲԹڵʵپʮʱ䣬¶޷ƽ⣬ˣǺһ˭кôĽҲǿڵ
ǺǣĽ˵ûװţ֮ЦŸ͵
ԣɲҲ˳ĬƬ̺Ϊʵؿһ·ĺɫţֶμʩȴȻ޷ƽӡףڵȷ޷ƽ⡣
ɲƺһ⶯Ľ׶Ҳ΢ϲϽȴ㾡ܷģȱϾУֽܹƽ⣬ڣضռݴͷ֣
Ҫڹ˱ҲǲԣڣǾ͵ܷ񺳶ӡ֣Ҳ޷ʲôҡĻǺ֮£ҲáɲĿ΢ص
ô˻Ľһһۣص˵ͷҲãҲԣӡжôĿֲ
ãȻˣǱ֮״ɲŴЦһһӣҳ϶Լλ벽컯ǿߣǳ
ڶ棬ĽҲһ֣컯СɵǿߣҲĿ·Ǻɫš
󶥼ȻҪƽرķӡˣ
ɽɽͻȻıʣҲⱬ˽˶ЩźǻʱĻأʱ˵ǻܻˮļһЩˣƣȻǲˡ
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֮ϣɲкâһȻ£һޱȵԪʱ˺ҹɫͬһ㣬Ŷ·Ǻɫűȥ
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ЩԪٶȼΪѸͣգۼ䣬ǽǺɫϷȻž컯ǿߵĳ֣ǺͫӰȻƽƽָ
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ͳ֮ȻشϴһۿɼĿֲͻȻԺɫŴϯ޴Ĺ㳡ɲǼΧЩǿߣ޲ǱѪˣ⽨£ҳ
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Ŀע£ϵɲˣҲԺ䴫һƺξͬʱϰףһɫǱ൱ľ
λ컯ǿ֣ȴȻ޷λͫµķӡһĻ˲е־座ȻǺͫ˵ȷ٣ûеõϿɣѰҵҲ֮
ɽڴ˿̱һƬǽ壬㳡ﱬѣŲǿߵȻǱ˲ˡ
ϵɲһĻɫ࣬еıŭҪ˭޷еǹ֮飬Ȼ֪ǺɫʩչֶΣȴȻ޷ֺ
ԶĽ׵ˣҲɫأֳһºҲǸоǺɫŵĿֲǵͫӰ֮£Ǿ;Լͬһ㣬޷ǲ㿴Ʊķӡ
˼žΨɽЩ˵ǿ߲ϵطһ󰧺֮ķҡ
ȻһУӰУһӰͻȻͬȰӳһ־˰ٶӳĿֱָ꣬ڹ㳡ϵǺɫš
ΪǰǷײ£ɲ˵ľ񣬶ǳ˲ĳٶۣΪǵǲһӰʱҲûʲôٶ
ηСҰ
Ȼٶһ㣬˴Ͼϳҳ̻عһȣȻǸʱǰɲȴֽɫĮ·ǵӳӰ
һСӣʸûСɲĮȻҳҲЦŵ˵ͷĿ⼥ǵӰŴ컯ǿ֣߳޷ƽǷӡһСӣ»ûǺɫţǻᱻķӡѪĭ
ǲټĿע£һӰҲس˺ɫϷһǹ֮ĺͫӰйâҲǷ˸
ǵӶӰȻڰõֶʱڣΪңǰǰҶҲɲЩǿԪЩֵ̣ʱ
ֶӰںͫӰϷо˳ǵӰҲޱ̧ͷһЦĿ£ٶָͬصֶ
֪ߵغĶ
Ϊȱʲô˶ʸȾָô
һĻҳ϶ʱЦǵʵӰһָ϶ɱĽ֣οһСӣ
ৣ
೰ЦĿ£ֶͫضǻָ֮һɲǣ͵³һŰһգһöɫطģǳġ
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öһ֣ǱһɫߣǺɫߵҫ£ǼھĺͫӰȻ𽥵صֱ󳹵׵ɢȥ
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źͫӰɢȥЩߣٶҫںɫ֮ϣʱŷɿСΪһ⣬ֶöط֮ڡ
仯ڵʯ֮䣬ûκһܹӦɲϵЦҲڵɫű֮󣬷ŻرýӲ
ܣ
Ƭʣŵĺ·ֶȴڽߵĵһɲǣû˿ԥȻͷԪ˲緢ΣҲǻΪһĨģӰضɽ֮Ⱪȥ
ֶͷӴʱڰҹɫҲ̼䣬ͬɽı˭֪ˡ


һʮ 
һģӰɽɽӶԼ֮Σ¡¡žҹɢ
ʱһž⣬˲һ־˿ֲٶȱըһļҹɫУĴ̶
찡Ǹһѱˣ
ôܣôܰǱķӡŴ컯ǿ߶κβãǸһôܽߣ
ˣҪˡ

žҹּͬɽһ㣬ɲǼѪǱһֱУǵ£ûʲô˸Ҷ˼¡ǱȴͻȻһֻҪɱǸߣǲ˻ñ
ǸһѶˣɽɽҳӴܵӰһʱ䣬Ȼûлع
ǿϧһдۣסǸһ
׳հ״̬ûг̫ãһɲǣҳǴһЩĺͬһ㣬֮Ȼը
£ҳϷżæɲֻúߴʱ岻ϵزţ˫֮У˰ŭӿţҹѾƵӻû뵽񣬾ȻᵱԼƤ£˽ߣͬݺݵذ˦ϣʱɲȻ˱ŭٽ㡣
ǸһЩŹ֣ǰиֵĹŹַģܹķӡܹõǱȻܹƽӡȻ֪˿̵ɲͬըҩһȻҲϼ޻֮ˣ¼æ
ǰһһˣ
ҳ⻰ɲڵıŭȴ͵һͣ϶ȻӿϿϲ֮ɫĿޱȵǷɿӴܵģӰɭɭЦģӲ
أ
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ץסǸһ
ɲʧʱЩڵǿҲǵصıӶò˵Ͼڵϳеǿߣ඼ЩһӰ˷ͬ֩һ㣬ֶӰΧ˶ȥ
ֶٶʩչ˼£ڵǿʵ̫࣬˷飬̶ʱ䣬ǿȳһţۻԪǴ߶ѧݺݵع

ֶ䣬һգ̨ۣıȥֱǽǿߺѪɡ
һֶֶ۽̨ǿʱǺͻȻһϤĴʱһ˳ڴǽֵĲϳĽ̨ħơ
ֶǸ°ֶܵ
ѵ֪ͨôȻǶᱦ
һĵӣǿޱȣ
ĺٶñͼ˻𱩵һѻĿ𾪵ǵӴܵĺӰȻδϵ֮ˣȻжԹֶ
飡
ֶαӣн̨裬ǽڵǿߺѪˣϿշΧʱһΪľ磬ͻȻ
ֶģŲŭ֮ձֶ潫°ߣΪûٴμ棬˵ʲôҲҪⳡӸһ
һȥ
һֶҲǿת˫֮УͻȻϺɫĹâӿһȭ
һֶӿģǽɫԪһϺɫЩɿֱۣǻΪһȭӰݺݵǲӲһ

ƵֶȻԼӲӲҲЦһȻϵЦлδɢһɲǶȻ̣Ϊ֣һϺɫȭӰȻֱһִݿٶȣ䱬ѧƣһƲݺݵغ֮ϡ
ͣ
֮ϵԪɲǼһм鱦ڼףҲֱӱñѶˣϻһߣһѪǱ·ϡ
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ֲһĻ˲Щֶǿ֮УҲ͸޾Ŀ־塣
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ҹ֮սõôĿס֣ҲסǸӰ

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аɣ
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ڳĺڶʱֶǰѸٱڰֺ֣ڰΪĴ⣬׵ĸӾʧȥá
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ֶںڰУһһ֪ƣȥڰУҪźڰŹ¼š

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ھһδεĿֻžֶ֮ȴǷ𽥵رòɣͣúԼĴڣڰУһӰǰС

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һӰ̤źڰߣĲԶͬû˿Ĳ࣬ƺԼ˺ڰС
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ǵӰһЦЦ֮У͸һֲɣ֮ζȴûлͷâٴ̤η߽ڰ֮С
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һϷģֶǽľϣһĨϸСĻȣ֪ķ顣
ܹ飬ô˵ɹĻˡϿɡ


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ڵľӦǿﵽ߼ʦĵزɡֶ˫ָ󣬽ֻһͷʯɽǶźڰͶһҵĵɷ֧顣
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Ľ׵̾ĽܷܷҲ൱أʱ˫սǽ˰Ȼ˭ֳһϸ΢ɥĽ֡

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֮ıǣЩԭҪӺڶгԪ籩ʱһ־˵ٶȥںڶбĹҲɲǼ䱻ʧ

ǱֶӲ󷨹ֶ㳡϶ʱһ˼ĻȻ֮ҳϣжӿ˿־֮ɫǸ޷ţֶȻܹ˿µĹ
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պϰɣϾֻϳ幦һЩ컯幦ɺΪǿɽ𣬶С飬ҵһλרǿߣԪΪʲôͻһȭͷȥǿߣ̱ѪСص
ֶεҡҡͷȻ֪ĴȻǿᣬԶԶﲻʲôһزҲõڵӴͬȼǿߡ
Ҵ˴˶ãֶһתʵ
Ұɡ
£öǰ׿ˣȻĻôˡԣֶ΢΢һ£ֱС׻߰ɣֱӸȥ׿
ֶԸСҲ̷һͺ֮Ѫ𶯣ΪһѪ⣬һ֮£ʧ֮ߡ
ֶһ˵ԶȥƬȺɽٶȱüžΨһɽ壬Ŵ˴ǰһɼΪµ
ּžԼһʱңͻȻ䣬տһµߣͻȻ˳
λߣȥΪͨһѰ£һͷҷͷȥͬһũһ㣬˭ףַʽɲʲôѰܹ쵽ġ
ʱλߣ΢üͷǱɽ壬ͻȻǰץץ૵һ֮ѵǴĹűеѾ˵õˣ
ϷѾۣԶΪľñ˵ȥЩʡ
ǴˣǰЩʱõһЩΪصϢ˵ĴĿУĴڣ̱Ǹ˹ﵽĹűʱķӡٶƾǿټϷӡոճΣ˵ǿг˷յĴĹűڡ
ǴĹűУҲ⵽ѾѵػߵĹ˫սҹѡȥΪǴĹűڣƺѾûĲ
ǴĹűķӡѾ׳ΣҲٽУã첻ңȻܵһ֮ĲⲨǲҲȥ
뵽˴Ҳû˿ԥһǰֶʧķ׷˹ȥ

Ⱥɽ֮Уҹɫ𽥵ֶ£һ·ֶҲָСһɽ֮
һŴ֮£ֶĿԪʵŵԪ
ֶһ·׷ǡֶϢ״̬ʱͻȻ䣬С
ʲôԣֶ˫͵˲
Ҳǲȷģ׷ǵˣʵȻΪĿֲԲڵܹӦģСء
ĿôܻǿߣֶɫٱãڴĿȻһЩˣǿıڣѵڣųԽɲǿ߲ɣ˵ĻôܻڴĿ
ߣǲģ뿪
ֶ͵վϵصȻкС׶ʱɫ͵һ䣬߻Ȼת򶫱ߵķͻȻ䴫һϸ΢Ʒ֮
ƷȻ΢ȴõֶëǶȻһּΣյĸоͷ
ÿٶȣˣСڱʯĲôֶɫЩѿŶգ
ϣֻ֮ǱʯԼǿǳģôкܴĿΪ
ڵЩ԰쵽Խʯ֮ǼһҲǲ㲨СҲӦһǴ߶ʯһº͵ĲɿشֶɢĲڡ
Сڱʱֶл˵ʲôͫǶȻһΪǰմһȦȦĿɢһλµˣͬһسǰ
ͨͨϢҲǼΪƽȣƽ£ֶܵһֱɲǿĿ²

ֶеһû뵽صˣȻﵽ˿µѹС˵ڵ˿⡣
𣡡
С׵ͺһĿŰϵˣӺߵϣҲǸܵһּΣյϢ
ϣߵĿ⣬ҲעֶϣӹһĨȣЦ벽컯߼ʦСһ￴Ҳһλﰡ
ֶɫأ˱ȭλǰƺСӲ̵·̣֪ǰǺ⣿
Ǿܹ֮Ӧҵ׷١
΢΢һЦĿⶢֶϷжΪ
˻һ䣬ֶͷǺݺݵһȻ


ʮ 
ǻʱֶͷʱҲǳé®ëͷСӣɲǼȶ̧ͷ΢Щɻǰߣʲô
ֶɻģ˫Ҳ΢΢һУһ·׷ٶҲȷֶ֮
ǺǣûУϷһ±áЦţ˫Ŀ֮ͻȻһǹֱӵͷֶ֣ǸоԼڲ·ڱѸٵɨš
˵ľٶõֶüͷ΢壬еȭͷ΢΢գȴûܶǰϼһﲻȳˣǿߣǵʵΪĿֲڵֶܻĶ֡
âϵֶ֮ɨɨĳ˵üͷȴǽΪֶ֣ڣȻû˿ڵļ
ѵĸˣüͷ壬ȷֶɽϣֲ֮ܵ
λǰǷˣʲôǰģֶҲһһ̰ģ
ˣûлشֶ⣬˫ĿͬӥضźߣƬ̺󣬻صλСѣɷϷһˣ
ȻûֶϷĴڣȻ׵ķֶϴĿֻһɣԸ
ǰ˵ЦˣزʶһҪˡѴԣֶȴæ˺ص
Ǻǣ֪ϷʲôˣϷǾ̫幬֮ˣҿ츳ϼѣܹȥ̫幬ڣǽϵĸ˵Ц
̫幬
ֶ΢΢һȻֺİȴܹоȻһΪӴǿڣ޷ȣȻǳģߵĻǽԼΣ֮УԾԴӦá
ǰˡлмڴȥֶȭ
պлϷġԣЦҡҡͷƣֶһץ
һץ£ֶԪɲǼֱ̣γһԪɵԪΣֶ壬ס
˾Ȼֶ֣ɫҲһ䣬˲䣬֮ϱǱ貵Ĺһ𣬶͵һȭ
أ
ֶȭͷݺݵغԪ֮ϣۻƥټԪһȭ֮£ؽԪκһ޶޶ոճΣһ֣ٶ̡
ǲȴ޷ͻԪ֮ΡֶƻҲӹһĨ죬Ц
㣡
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ɷ£ǼޱȵԪ֮Σʱصıը
þ˵ɷ
ɷҲһǼֶǰһͨѪӰ֡
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һɷѪӰͫȻһɫҲЩû뵽ֶϣȻȻ֮
ѪֵʱֶǷˣ֪Ѫɷδݲٿ̫ãҲû취ʵ̫ǿֶֻܽг
Ѫɱ
Ѫոճ֣ɺ۾ǶˣѪζ˻ģֱǻΪһѪⱩӶѪâš
飡
Ѫ˵ҲǲҹС´һץһͬĻԪֶһת䣬ɴСͬ籩һ㣬ݺݵؾѪ֮ϡ
ˣ
Ѫ⵹ֱڵϲһǧ׳֣ѪٶȲ֪ʹӳ˷֡
һһܵĽ֣Ƭɽ˵ȴһֻ԰ƻһɽ±ݣ־춯صսֱֶ
˳ʱֶҲܹоƺܹ׵ĵؼԪΪãǵĪ⣬컯ȫȫͲһεģ
˵£׺ѪҲڲϵرţӳȫ֪ƣʹҲõ˸ķͷۡ
ֶɫ΢ЩǾ춯صսͻȻͷһ֮ԲϵؾӦʲôֶڻһƺֻϺʹ֮Щ֮˶ѡ
ѵϼһΪֲɲŶ϶ҾûҲйأ
ֶĿ⼱˸֪취ϼһȻĻ֮Уᱻ飬ҲԲԸ
ȻΪʩչ֮Ǿʩչ㿴
ֶ˸ĿͻȻһӡѸٱö𣬶һöصķģǳУĲǰֶ֡ǰӡԵҲӵһƵ֮
أ
һ֣ʱ䣬һ֮Ǵɢ
֮
ֵɲǣѪֵˣжʱ˾âŲһ̤λûһӰ̤Ĳһ˸£ǳֶǰ
ֶǰǷʱ͵ز̫֮ˣͲνƣֱ
ɽ֮ⶫ˵ɫ΢ЩѿֶöЩŭζ
λǰ˵ˣҲ֪ʲôֶһؿѪ䵽ߡ
Ļ
ɫ粻ĿⲻϵֶһԵѪɨ̲סһ
ֶܹĸӦͻȻȥԪһһУ׹ⱬǽѪ˻ȥֶٲлȥĻѪ͸ʧˡ
벻СᣬȴѪر˼ֶջѪ
áֶЦЦ֪Ѫĳ֣ҲõһЩɵȻĻϼһȻֶ
֮ϣһζӦĳλĸӡģɣ㽫ңҲܷйصĶ˿˿ֶеͻȻһֱ֣ӱǽС
ϷϲռСˣⶫӦùļֵ
һ˦һǷɽֶУҲٶһΪһӰʧҹ֮С
С츳ѣ֮ǰٳսУӦҲٲӰԺ󣬻ټĻᡭ
ӰԶȥ˵ȴƮƮĴ
ֶʧҹգ֮󣬶ͷ֮ϣ亹ͬˮĵ£һΣڵعȦˡ
ϲġ
ֶҧҧϹزʶȴСˣϣҪģѪõöԷеɵΣˡ
кݺݵ˼ֶŵͷֻã֮ϣż翵ĳ塣
̫첽


ʮ ׿
ϼһ
еֶҲ̲סֹһ⡰̫첽һְƷѧȼպϣõֶЩĶǣѧһѧֶȻǿȴ֮
භһֲѧȻǻ֮أֻѧڴΪĺû뵽ˣȻֶ
ֶ΢ۣ֮УеϢԺƬ̺üͷȴ΢΢һ壬̫첽ȷ֪ΪΣǸֶһδĸоͬѧֻǲƪѡ
٣㻹ΪϼһĵظѧôֶüʱСҲٶֳЦ
̫첽Ǿ̫幬ڣҲһֱȽϲѧ״̬ȻҲ컯ΪϹ컯ѧһӡ
ƪΣѵʯѧģ⹦ôֶ΢΢һЦǱˣе֣ӵʯֲƪѧǺʡ
ʵҪ߶ʯ컯ѧɲʲô򵥵¡Сҡҡͷ
ѣгɹʱ򡣡ֶЦЦһ㣬СǾ̫幬ɣƺǿӣ
֣СҲ֣һЩĬһ£ŵֹǿȫʢʱڣҲЩɵǵӴ󣬸ܹģʲôĴУͬΡ
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̫幬ؼ䶼Ųͷ˵ĻûʸǴߣǾ̫幬еǿֻҪͷһ͵߽⡣
СҡҡͷͷʵҪŵ̫幬Ҳֻϡƽ
ֶһʵǾ̫幬ֻƽδҲֲ̫˵ɣ
ͬС˵㣬ֶȷǲɣŷּĿʵϾֻҪһǿߣõô츲أοǾ̫幬ڣȻűȼǿǿߣ
Ժǻ֪ɣڻûǱҪûʲôһε飬ֻһ⡣С˻צӣֶ
ֶЦһȷ̫ģֻǱɽһǶѣⳡõʵҪҹûѪŵƣУϰĴڣֱ߽ӽߣҪʱҲܻκζ
ΪУֶʵһ
һֻʨӣҪȥôνĹƽֻʵĳ·Żչֳ
ԭΪڴĿڵͷ΢еСֶȴڴ˿̽С⳹׵ȥʵǣǿǰȻ̫С
ңΪõҪǿԼ

ֶһ𽥵رü㣬ӵűǿǱδŲκ˲´ټʱ֪ûѡ³çľٶǶôǡ
ߣ뿪
ǱƻüΪ׵ɽֶҲû˼ϢĴ㣬ȻѾȥֶȴȻģֱС׻кСױһͺѪΪһĨѪ⣬ѸٵԶ˴
ǵȥƬݻٵһͿɽҲٶȱüž

ֶĲģղûܱʵȻǷ֣ǳ׵Ĵ˶ȤټѪĴڣҲףҪֶͼıĻܹɹҲḶСĴִۣۣûȷֶ֮ǰǾԲԸ⸶ġ
˵ûֱ׷ٵĸоڽʱУֶͣڸ·;ûκεͣС׽ٶʩչ£ضŴ׿ȥ
ַĸ·һʱ䣬ֶ𽥵һʱԶԶ뿪˴Ŀ;ѾһӴĿǣ˾룬ˣҲ޷׷ٶ
ȷԼȫֶ֮Ѱ˰ȫ֮أʵʵϢʱ䣬Ȼ󷽲ٶ̣׿
Ϊ˵ĳֶ֣൱Ĵ̼Ǹ·Уֶû˿˷ʱ֮٣ʱ䣬Ͷע֮ϡ
Ÿ·Ҳ𽥵ؽǵֵġ̫첽ɹѧʩչʱҲǱ࣬޼Ѱܵ˵⡰̫첽൱ֶ⣬ϾΣҲ컯ѧȻֻǲƪҲѰƷѧġ
Ȼš̫첽ʱֶҲûзѧɽɹɱɲ󻹽侫ɣɣŻɲ䣬֮УͰ๦Լѧ
Щѧ֮УֶҲҵҪĶǱǵɲʩչ׼컯ѧķֺӡ
ⲿѧͬɲԴĹű֮ҲǼΪĲȻ컯ѧҲѰƷѧ
ܹԼսѧֶȻǲŸ·ʱ䣬ķֶã̫첽ʱҲδķֺӡ¡
⣬ټ;ɽڶֶ࣬ҲŲٵĻʵսĥµֵѧһѧĽչٶȣ൱Ѹ͡
֮£ֶսҲһһյĻ

һ֮УֶٶͬҰˣɽԽ룬ɽ֮䣬Ȼĥ
һڣֶС;򣬲ȴǴҴһΪʱ䣬ĽȣĴ׿ѾʼΪǿߣ˷ӿȥҪһĴ֮һһķɡ
˵ᣬ׿˵һ޴ʢ£Ϊ˭֪Ǵӱˣպ󣬱ȻǴ߳ư
ԣ֮ϣԴĶǻ֮У˵ɴ˿ɼᣬڴӵźεȵĺ

׿Ϊǵʱ׿һɽУһ糾͵Ӱǻ߳Ǿ޴ĿϣȴһĨЦɢ
壬죬ֶˡ


ʮ ᣡ
׿˵ӦǴΪĿΪ׿ֺųƻʿĵ۶ӴĿ֮С
׿ûдĿǰȴǴ֮ǿΪеĵطңһЩĶҲڴˣЩĿڣħŵȵȣȷҪѷɫһЩ
ĳ̶ֳ˵׿ƴģ

ֶ߳ɽǰĿʱУҲһЩĪζںּܶ˵У׿Ŀеʥأּ֮ܶŬһΪģܹѷּҵݣΪ֮ˡ
֮Уǰֶүү졣
ֶûйڵǿңӴ壬û̫ǿľη֮ģеģֻһİ
ΪХټԹνᣬֶò롣
ûڵᣬڴúܣ֮ǰǹĹ֮УƾϢֶܹѹȵǱڣϢѹȣ޷ֶ˿Ĳ
ѾǵǸҪĺеꡣ
߰ɣֱӶȥֳǣÿʼˣʱ䵹ͦæӦܹϡƽϢзӿֶһЦżһ棬αǻΪһ̰ӳӹһԺ󷽳ֱǽԸס۵糸һ㣬ֳڵķӶȥ

׿ҪУһΪʳǣ۶ڣΪֳǣڣֳܹʳǲУɴ˿ɼ֮Уӵźεȵλ
ֳǣڴ׿ͬǴڷشͨУҲǴ֮ĶУΰǷ̶ȣܹȵģᳬһ֮
յֳǣ֮Ϊ𱩵ĵطǿԼ˷ӿֳǵﵽһ൱ֲĵز
ȻдȻΪվٰᣬ֮ϣһԼзּ֮ˣչ¶۷磬ʤߣҲ̼¡
û˻ɹӵеĺΪУЩӱˣǴ֮е۷
ֳΪΰߴɵĳǽӶֱǴﵽ߲ɼĵطڳ⣬ľЩϢƳȻѵأֳǣǺηһЩƢΪ£
ĳ̶ֳ˵˽أǴأ
ֳλãһ޴˶ݵĽǶǶռؽɣΡΰһɰ֮õ˲òΪ֮̾
ɰ˵ľͽǶ֮ΪҪٰ֮
ʱ޴ޱȵĽǶڣΪѹѹɽ˺ӿһֱɸ߿֮ϵƲ㶼Ǳ˺Ѷ
Ƕ֣֮ɵѰˣڳǴͷǿԼܹʮ֮˾ŵĶ۴ܹ쵽ɲ
Ƕ볡أҲǸ죬ﲢѰĹ㳡֮أһΪӴ׶γأⳡխ¿棬ݺύĲٸ޴Ĺ㳡Щ㳡ŸȷķָԽϣ㳡Խ٣رߵһ޴ĽǶƽֻһ㳡
Ȼμˣ·Ĺ㳡һ·ϣϷһ㳡ϣĶ֣һۣ
ڴʱǶڵصĳϣӰӣһۻԪȻһεᣬѾʼ
Ƿּңֶʤ
壬ֻʤ

ӴĽǶڣջ𱬵˼㣬ĿЩԼּҵϣÿһۻͳĺ쳹ǶڣǻᴫĻ֮ΪǷֳʤ

أ
һУۻԪͻȻӰһӰֱǱǱɶֱǷأݺݵڵϣһѪ˳
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쳹֮ʱĿǱеӰвһЩЦ
֨
ЩĿע£һصӰȭͷʱ
ûõķּҷߣ׳Ƿּҵ˰ɣǷּҳһŵֶǲ֪ߵغķﶫҲҵ磬ǣ٣͸¶Ϣ㣬һεᣬ׳ǷּңһıԶͨǳϣһŽµ꣬Ц·ӰЦ
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ĲǷ
ǵӰ͵̧ͷ˫ĿѪ죬ǰϤףֺ꣡
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ֺԵٶȳȥֱ۽ƫͷһˡ
үү죬ֺʱ̲סЩĵͷ
ȥɡЩǴΧһЦĿ⣬õͬٶȻص˰ǰһ죬ھ̫࣬ǲϵɫҲû̫Ĳֺ껹ǴУһЩζ
һˣǲֻĿ£תصǱõһƫƧϯλ䣬λþͿóƺĵλ̫ı΢
ֺصϯλʱȴǼһӰҲһ㶣ϼ㡭
ˡ
ǵӰ̧ͷ¶һĨЦ̾
ǲ̫⣬βǣǱˡ̾
ʲô˼ԣһԵХɫʱһ䣬
ûôֺϼĶ֣ˣʵ̤ξּʣɲǾֵġЦһٿǸǰŵϯλзּġ
ڡĸУδ̴ֻܿǸѾͷˣ꣬ĽɲȵĶ̧ͷĿԶһ㳡һɫٻӰͤͤˣһһ㣬ΪӴһĹ⾰
ּң̴ֻлδܡ
ģȶһе裬һХļͳص
֣˲ϵҲ¶һĨοЦݣص˵ͷ
ڵȣХڵȣ˶ڵȡ
Ǹ˵Ļ
Ǹʱǽü


ʮ ǿ̴
صľ޴׶γУƫŲٵĿȻЩĿ֮Ի۶󲿷֣ΪֵһλŮ
Ůŵ£޳ͣ㼡ɨüһԼˮ˫ͫת䣬õóвٵӵܶǽްĿͶòʣǷУҲŮܹ
ʱ䣬ͬƨһֶСŮҲǳͤͤ
ŮȻ̴
ŮվڳУƺûע⣬ֻż䣬һ鶯ӻῴܵգϧʱ޿̶˼һӰȴûг֡
׳Ƿּң̴ս壬ַ㣡
Уһӿ̴һۣҲе㾪ޣּˣҲе̲סرǰŮǰ׵òĿ⣬뵽ʲôɵðҡͷȵ
ݣ
Ӻһ䣬ʱһƷһӰԲԶӶڰһ䣬ǽýس˳С
Լʮ꣬ģҲЩʣһ£ٲȻһӸģҲһЩòƣһأǶ̴¶һĨЦݣƺҪչһЩȳȼյĳȣȴδõԸ
壬ַ㡣
̴
̴ƽؿһַ㣬ü΢΢һأΪַ֣㾹Ȼһλ̤ɵǿߣʵҲΪһͱ
Ǻǣ̴ӣַָ̣΢Ц̴ȴЩϧԷ׳ǷּҵˣǿϧãϧῪʼ֮ǰѷԸԲ׼׳Ƿּҵκһͨһֵıԡ
ֶҲǸ֪Ķ˭ãƫƫҪ磬ּҡַ㰵ҡͷЦһ

ˣ̴Ķ־Ȼַ㣬һҲٮٮߣ˵ǰѾ˳ĽɣȻ̴չѸͣҲСɶѣ˴αԣʤҲ൱հ
ƫƧϯλ̴˴εĶ֣ɫȴһ䡣
ȻҪ׳ǷּҡХɫص
һǸ飬̴˵ֶйԹ쵰ĲŹǣҧгݵص
С㣡뺦𣿡ͺȵʲôλǵʵԼλֻҪͷһûл·
ǳһҲֻܲʵȥ
̫ţ̴Ѿͷֲ̫ȥɽһֱ꣬ӴԪԲ̤뵽СɣԸһַ㣬ҲܹӦ쿪ڰοˣֺϼܣ̴ʧĻ׳ǷּңͽΪһ̭ģɾЩˡ
ĻХһҲǵ˵ͷڵĻҲ̴ֻܿıˡ

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̴ֹҲӹһĨŭ⣬Щ֮ˣȻǹۿ˵̫ͣ
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̴ֶַжʱӹһĨɱ⣬ڵɲǵǸʲôҪֶСŮ
ڵңʵܹʱﵽ벽컯ĵزȻ֢ڴɰֻ꣬ҪܹõĺôЩʧǿַЦ˫ĿУŵ֮⣬Ȼҩ֮ǿеեȡе
ԶɣôƯŮӣһе²˺ַ֡ĿЩȵ̴µĽɨ
̴ձ䣬Ӿضַ㣬Ҳ˵ͻȻһɫıԪںХ
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㳡涼ǿʼһı飬һĺ⣬ɢ
ߣ˵ڵܹƥа벽컯ǿߣභַӸµǺХıӹһĨЦ֮⣬Ȼһץ޴ԪĳΣһѱǽǱץס

ԪȻһգʱ䣬ǵ̴Ԫ۶ɵıʱΪը
ʱַ㣬һս㣬Ͷ䶼ǳżΪǿһĻĿ⣬˶ڲ²ΪַʵͻȻǡ
֮УһЩ˵ܹµһЩʲôȴ˵ʲôϾַȣһЩּҵˣλʵ̫΢ֵΪȥԵ֮ˡ
ڽǶǰһƬɫϯλϣһӰҲǶڴˣΪˣΧˣܹȴûаĲΪ죬УΪҫ۵֮ӣ
ʱĿ⣬ؿһַڵĳأ̷ַĵҩ֪εıԣ˽
׳Ƿּҵˣڵһֱ̭ɻõǳΪ˴УΪûõķּҡ
ǰĲ豭һĨɭȻֶһ΢ķּ֮ˣҲͼս
գĵӶûУ

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Ȼ̴ĽַȴЦҡͷһ壬ۻԪ쫷ɨؽӿĺɢȥ
о棬ɲǼŤתԭҪַܵ㣬ȴ̼Ťת棬ռ˾ԵϷ磡
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컺ҡͷ˵ɫ·Ҳڴ˿̲࣬Щ˻Ƶص˴Ҫѿû취
ڣǳ׵ȷֽ֮ţȻĻ̴ˣǻڵһ˼ֵĶ֣ңЩ֣ȫˡ
ԣХҲǳĬŭӿΪ᲻֪Ŭ˶꣬ѵΣҪʧô

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ԪХһӹ˱һӰͬһ㣬ǳ֮С

һӰֵɲǣ죬ХҲ͵ӿϿϲ֮ɫòҪȵˣڵˣ


ʮ 
ۻԪͬƲһ㣬ǶϿչڣһɼǿԪϯ𾪵Ŀ⡣
˭ǿϢ̤벽컯˰ɣ
벽컯֮ڣܹﵽһһָǺˣȻܸЩȣ
ӦǷּҵˡ
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ֶǸķּ֮ˣ⻰һԵЩӵܶʱһҲǽĿͶա
٣һﻹǲ֪ߵغ񣬵磬μᣬֱȡ裡
ûȣ϶磡
ЩĻһԵһλŮüȴ΢΢һأŮֿɶʱҲ̧ͷϵһӰҲû뵽ֶȻĸμᡣ
һҲ̫³çˣѵ֪һʱ䣬ĽչжôĿֲôֿɶգŽǣȴ޿κΣֶ֪ǼɺޣֵĻãҪԲ׵ƹ
ֶķʽ̫ĺƴǽǶǰһƬϯλϵĸǿ߶ǽĿͶ˹ȥһߣϵһӰ֮ɨɨȥ
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·ĳϣ̴ҲЦ绨ϳֵһϤӰʱ䲻ζȻôϤ
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Ŀ⣬ڰս֯䣬·Ԫڴ˿̱
ϣֶָǴ³ĵȴõƬǶ˲ѻȸ
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һţưһУܹƥţǷëǰĴڣȻգ֮ϣȴһλּ֮ˣԵ췢ս
һĻƺǶδ֣ҲѹڳգͻȻͬɽ㣬˵ߣ·ǳ

ʲôҪս죿
ƫƧ䣬죬ХҲǱֶ⻰ЩĿɿڴ˵֪ڵֶƺźǿʵѹʵ̫ǿңǣҲǺţһУܹ֮
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ӣһжֵá

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˵ģλֶЩɵߣ΢Цָ׶γ崦Ψһһ鳡ء
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⣬õֶǣ˵òȻһģһȻֵͬܣѪϢŽڵļ֣컯Сɵǿߣʤʣɴ˿ɼʵ֮ǿ
ȻֵܣߣֶҲ̫ΪôսôֵϾҪ̤컯СɣʵԶԶǸղַܹȵģ
ֶУʲôս磡
ȡ裬ּ֮ˣҲս壡

ЩӵܣĶˣжʱӿִϲ֮ɫǰģ·ǼֶǱӡ
ȻҲòϣˣͬУȷֶУĴڣ
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ֶ⻰ʱһЩӵܣʱӿŭЦ
ȻЦʱվ߳еֶӣһƮƮĵȻﴫ
ʮغڣڳ䣡
⻰һ䣬ǽɫϯλϵЩϣɫ͵һ䣬˻޷ݡ
ȻҪʸҾ͸ǣ


ʮһ һȭ䱬
ʮغϣ
ֶ˻һ˲䱩ЩӵܣһֿӵĿ⿴ǰߣľڣ츳죬ټֵܣ֮ޱȵĬ֣컯СɵǿŶʤǣȻڣֶȻҷʮغϽǻܣ
ǿѾſݣǣ֪Լȡ裡
ЩӵЦʱеֿɶüҲ΢΢һӣضֶӰ˵ڴĹű֮ǰֶܹ׸еΪ𾪣˵ʵڵģȻҲųţɱľȴǲ˲١
ֳϣȿԣʵЩ̫ʡ
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Ǻǣѩ˵òֶû٣ǲСȻῴʱʲôſԡһӵܣЩĵضǶֿɶ˵ŮЦһЩˣҲæͺЦ
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ǹϢǿ󣬾λ۳϶ԶԶδܴﵽһزǵϢʱԭڵأȻƽģͷ·Ǳǿѹһ㣡

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ЩϤ͸޾еӣֶͷҲǳů⣬ҲǾ˸ָģѰߣǵһݾ裬ݾ裬ЩʱȴԶɢȥΪ֪ЩˣΪǷܶǣҲ߾ȫڱ֧Ժεվ
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ͥԺ֮Уǵͳ֮Ȼص


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ǸŮӣ߹翣ͬ䳾ɣǳ

һʰ߹׵֡
ֶĹУһ־ǿԵеĵһŮˣȻ˼ĹϵЩĪֶȴֳ˱Ĩ͵ֵˣڵֽоߵʱ֪ŮˣҪˡ
ЩŬ˵ԵʣͬʱֶһٻӰֶ֪ݲһ㣬䣬Уȴǳǿţʱл޷õ˿࿴䣬ʲôܹĻǷ
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һģʱһٴվǰȻ˵˯Ůˣһҵģ
֮ǰɽۣ֮ǷĴЦֶԺлػص
ٳս֣һֱǱĲУ֪֣ȴӵѰٱȴδ죬ǵһ֪صİٳսйصϢ

ֶһڱĿĿⶢЩʧ̬ϣһĨȡ
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ֶǿڣҲǸһĨЦݣֶʵЩԼе֮ӣҲǲضã˴Ӧܹòĳɼ
峤˵˵ٳսʲôôֶ󣬿ʵνİٳսҲǼΪĺ档
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ңǳɹĽЩɣҲȻܵ޾ʹ֪ͣΪܹӵۺԴôΪǰһλ棬ǳɹ԰ٳսӱһ𳬼ɣʹͣһֱõڴǿ꣡
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ϴμˣ˵Լʲô̫幬ˣϲٵĻǶ֮еһˡֶˣС˵˵ʵǾ̫幬ҲֻѰ֣˿µɣǵ𳬼ˡ
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ֶĿ¶𺳵ǰɫɽ壬ʱ˿̣ܹΪĽɽ忴͸ɽ֮ϣʯᾣǧ͸޾վٲȻһؼ壬ͬʱһɼ˺صϢҲ
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Ѫӡεһɲǣֶʱоǰɫɽ·ʧһ㣬ѹ֮Ҳǳ׵ɢȥ
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ֶͷеɽ壬ҲӿһĨڵ˷֮ɫ֪ǽ⡰塱׵Ľ


ʮ 컯С
ɫġ塱شֶ֮Уɽϣʱʱźâζɢһɼ˺صϢ
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أ
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ⶫǶȥԽһ컯СɵǿѹѪСҲЩ֮ɫ
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ڵԪ˵ۻ룬ڱڶʱ䷢ˮ֮
עֶҲܹظоһɹۻԪɿӿ֮УХ֫ٺ֮УԴԴϵعע뵤ԼԪڡ
ʱǵУһľԪ糱ˮĺХһöȭͷСĽɫԪתţЩԪɶ
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ȻûһӾ͸ֶ̬ʵȴǿĵ·ϣٳһΪԵĽݾ
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һȣǽʱ䣬֮ڣ֮ڵۻԪȴǼĵøɸɾУû˰ԪЩֱĹâǱ΢һЩ
ֶ̫֮İԵʱԪЩ鱦ܵģֶûйڵԣȻĻϣ鱦нһñɷͭ
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߰ɣҲǸóȥǸëˡ
ֶĿ⻷һȦС˻֣ǲ˿ͣתسڻȥǽŲУűɱ͸


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⡭ܹġ塯ôܣôܴ߶


ʮ 
ֶ𣬲ڰмĺɫɽ壬ӿŨŨľ֮⡣
ΪصĿ֮һ֮ڵĸֱָƣ⡰塱ȻͨȴȻΪĹĻ֮УΪֻΪ鱦Դӵõ󣬱ǴûһܹĽ߶
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˵ܹ߶˭ףŹֵȻһΪǿ鱦ϧǣ˵ȱƺҪĴ߶֮
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鷳ˡ


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ĻҲǻ̧ͷĿֶϣе絶һ㣬Ŀ⣬ֶȴδţƽ
Ǻǣ֣þòĿֶʱһԵҲǵһЦڵ
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ҰԻĪ죡
ǴĻʵۣĪôϢ±׶Ҫʤһҵĵ̣ǿ󣡡ֶĿ⣬ҲǼΪأĪϣܵһɺǿѹȣѹȣĻҪǿᣬ˵ʵܿѾˣ˵ǳɹĶȹһ٣ʽ̤һԪľ磡
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ֻҪ˴ΰٳսܹɿУĵֽʢʱҲܹȹ٣һԪľ磡
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λӦñڴ÷зֶ˰ɣ
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Īڻ֮ŵҲΪӣȻЩϢҲȫġ
ĪһЦЦݶˣֶһĿ⣬ϸϸֶɨƬ̺󷽲Żջأ鴫
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Īüͷ΢΢壬ǶղǺ⣬Ī״Ҳֻ̯̯֣ǴֶϸоһЩرĲϲҲ֪ĵƣò㣬ΪӦòͬһ顣
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Ī˵ҲԵúǸɴ䣬ûйڵķȽڣһ䣬һץһѱֵǩǳС
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Ŀ⣬ֶʧͨ૵ȻҪһɽݶô͸ңͷ˭ǿɡ

ֶΣͬһ̣ӽ֮ͨУʱ΢΢һЩ֮ǰģһΪͨͨ·ͨ
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չһֵĹؿ˹أ˴ǽͨ߳ȻͷУֻһܹǰС
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ӴĺɫƻҡҷǸߴɵĵ֮ϣǶҹ飬һĹâҫɫϣɭĹ
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ԣֶֻ΢΢һЦȻЩĿ»ҡҡͷǸһεİٳսҪˡ
٣Ҷ˶˵ܹ˳õȻųҲκβãҲò㣬¶ûôԵİգĿЦ
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˵Ҳ൱ǿش趯ֱǽ𱬣ش£γһƬݵ
׺ƣֶˣһ̤ǰǿԪںХΪһתԪɫƽ˫ֽճȭȻ

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˵ע£ĻеˣҲѸٵչ˼ǣʱţɽϵֻȴԽԽŨΪ֮еĻʤ沢ûг֣½ˣֶѹ£·硣
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Цһһֶ˳½ʱһĻϣҲɵսʤ֣һֶ죬˳һ֡
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ŹĻ񣬷𽥵Ϊףһֺùģ㽫ļ֣ϾܹһֵˣԶЩеĺֶ֣ٲһ㣬ײǼλмʶˣǿ¾ĻһޱȲҵĴս
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֮У½ʱǴյͭţҲǻؿֶ״һû̫ĳɣֱ
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ԣֶҲǺ֪ܹߵеڶֽˣһ·֣
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ݣ
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ӰĹΪĹ죬ȫûаķ벨ȴĺ
Ȼֶ˴εĶõ˸е𾪵ǣһȻһֱǱȴֶϢиһɲǡ
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ȻһӰֶĺ󱳽аʱȴǶȻֻ̣һۻľǵصֶ蹬ڱӿ󱳴۳һľû͵Ϯ

һУǵӰҲǱˣһϣӸµ·ֶЦе㱾£ܶ
ֶתĿʯ֮ϣֻһλīɫӣλӵ֮ϣһּΪŨİ⡣
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Ӱ֮ذӰ


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ڴ֮һӰֳʱ֮⣬֮Ŀ⣬ҲͶ˹ȥ
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ڲԶվҲЩ仯һƬĻҲû뵽ڶ֣վȻֶһ
̫ģֶȻӰҲֶΣ˽֣˭ʤ˭ǲ֪¡ڻվԣһϵ˵صǻ峤¤
ʱ˿ĻеӰǲûԵ̫ĵģǰֶɽ˵Ľ֣ҲǿˣȷǺǿϧڻӰ˵ȴǲû̫ĿԣǻӰܹõֶЩ޴ʹ
ԣڼӰĶ־ֶʱûеģķĵһЩȵĻΪֶʤʻһЩ
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ڵ֮⣬Ϊڵͷ۷׷ʱڣȴһƬžƻҡҷȴһ˿ɱȻɢ
ֶתǳʯ֮ϵӰҲǽ˳Ӱš
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ĳַ˵óϮ֮ˣֱȽϲԼˣȻӰڴУ˿εİóİϮ֮Եø롣
ȻҲųΪ֮Ի֮ãΣˣȷһΪֵĶ֣ò
ͷʢǸֶɣԭΪһ㣬û뵽ھˣҲ㵹ùˡֶעŻӰʱ߾ӸµĿҲɨɨͻȻСӣʲôϵ
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Ǻǣ֣ϲϲһε壬ܹԸԳˡһЩŹϵ֮ЦŹףص

ĿҲӰ΢΢¶еļȷľţû뵽ǿ֮У˳ʤǰûпߵǱ
󣬿˷޷ֶˣһˡ׼״üͷȴһ壬
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ǵӰ߳̧ͷ̨ϵһƬӰȴõһƬɫ𽥵ش


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һ˻ԵİӣٿһȻͷЩɢѪȴֶ˭֪֮Ľ棬գֶЦ󡭡
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ֶ֪ķͷʢȴڴӵźպ˵˭ţһεѡУУһϯ֮ء
ԣڸտʼ֪ӽֵֶʱͷǰֶ̾ĵùһλǣڽվ͵ó԰ܱսǣ󣬶ұ̫Ͼӵʵ̫졭
Ҳ־£ȴǳ֣ⷬ˻ԵӣٿѪڵֶ˭֪ǰ˱ȻǱһ춯ذĴսƺⳡսУջֶɹ˳
߳ӰǶףһεѡΣյĽ䣬õǰеۼǣһΣ壬Ȼֱռ
飬ǺöδڴֹϾҪһȺ֮ѡһΪ͵ҪĵԴɲһСĿûǿңɳҲֻĪһˣЩ壬ôֱ̫ľţ
Ҳףܹȡȫž󲿷ֵֶǰ;ð֮ǰûĹ嶡Դܹӵʵ̵ȫԼŬ壬Ǽ޸ջһλľţ񣬺߸ѡ֮ϣնӣΪɹն˵ڶ
ˣʵǲòΪ֮ۡ
֣οҪϲ˰ĪתͬЩȻЦŵ
˵Цˡʱǻعæȭ֮ϣβסĿϲ֮ӿֳʱֱѣĳ嶯û뵽壬ȻܹһѡУᵽ
飬Ƿ۴ʷֵĴᳬһ֮ˣȴ䵽ͷϡ
¶ϲʱһԵףһɫȴɷ޷ŵ˵Ӱ岻ϵزţʵ޷ţԭܹɻһҳϣӣȻ֮ǰֱֶ֮У
ôܡ
ԭɫҲǲҵɫвϵţͬӵʵͬǱžԵģУ˴ֶӣֱΪҵ飬ԭڵȴʤ飬ðٰ㳰ֶǸʧߵʱʵȴǸһΪпЦ
һ˻ԵӰе֧·Ǳһ㣬ʵû취ţΪʲô֮ǰּϣ񣬾Ŀ֮еս񣬶ǰС
ôԸţʵʵΪκ˵ĲԸŶ˿ĸı䡭

֮⣬ֶĿ⿴һ˻Եӣ壬Ҳڴ˿и࣬ʱ䣬һĸоһ˿˿Ĵ͸̧ͷ˿ĪˣɵԳҡҡͷЩһȣֱֱֿڵĳ嶯
Ǻǣֶ֣ϲǰл˵˷ѡΣֵֶû뵽ڱӦˡĪֶ΢΢һЦ͵ص
ֶȻӣû뵽ӶĶ֣ô˴û㣬ȻĻҲǺڵɽҲĿ⾪ؿֶۻص
˵ֿ񣬵Ȼܻʲô֮ˣҲף˴ѡεֱУֶһΪѵģ
ֶӣ̳֮飬ֻҪҵĪ裬¾Ű˳ɵİȡ˭֪ģֵˣȻùһսȻûֶӿѪԼӵģȻһҵ˼Ĵս
ֲҵĴսУֶϵЦҲ˵ʵҪ߳һʵڣɽҲΪ͵Ī裬ܹ佻ˡ
ڵĶҲĿ⾪ضֶһѹʦȥֶԭȻ˵ļ֡
Ī裬ɽˣֶ൱ĺƣ˿Ĺ˹֣ЦֻǽҶѡ
ȷǽң˵ʾиʱͻȻְɡʱǳĬƬ̵죬̲סسЦ൱ǰûֶӰʱУΪ˵ĽǷֳʤϵת۵þȻ֮죬һʱᣬԣЩ޷Ӧ
Ĳ㣬ȻĻҲ³ֶһЦ
ԣʱһȴûĶ֣Ŀ⣬ЩؿһԶӣźǷ״̬ͫҲ̲סŶôǺӵʵȻǰֶУõòУٶȽֶΣճ̶ȣһΡ
ףڵֶͬյƵĻ¶κε
ͬϰĴڣڲ֪䣬ɳСĵز
һԵĪⷬԵģҲ΢΢һҲףȻͬΪ壬˼ĶԹȴ൱֮
£֪һҿӮңĻֶ̧ܷͷ̨ϵĪ죬
ǺǣȻǡԣĪһЦȻĻлδ˵꣬͵ظоһɾ˵ɱԱ
Сҽ˳Ҫ
ɱոӿ֣˱ǼζȻӶ˫Ŀ֮Уɭɭɱ⣬ƥצ磬ͷֶ˹ȥʱ䣬ؿǿһ֣춯أ
ף̲סͷıŭǾ޴ֱҪֶɱˣ


ٰʮ ŭ
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׵Ӱͬһͷޱȷŭıӹ֮޵Ŀռ䶼ǳһЩƣǵǿһ൱µĵز
ͻȻĳ֣ǳ˵ϣ˭û뵽Ϊ峤˵ʧ̬֮ǿжֶչɱ֣
ο磬ǹɱոӿʱǳ˸̨ǿߵǿϢޱıһ쳣׺ѹϯ̨һЩδ̤֮ǸеЩ
ֶԵĪˣҲΪȱɫһ䣬ȣǿߵǿѹֱֶؽеĻǿ˻ȥһᾢɨĪˣˡ
ʱҲԼܹ˵ʵȺɨ£ڵɽԼڵĶƣʮǱס壬Īˣ˵ҲǱüٺˣȴǲδ˿ңһ𣬱ػǹϮľ硣
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ʱĳУֶǿտյɫҲǼ˫ĿǱŭףܹоԪѱ׷ǿߣûܵĻᡣ
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һȭףֶ˫΢΢һУȻٻѪʱһͬŭıҲͬһ㣬¡¡֮ϻص
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飡
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ŭΪֶӵıлйҪһԡ
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ֶû°ɣʱҲתֶеŵصòײĵĻֶ汻׸˵ǽյ¾Ҫˡ
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ˣλһѡΣѾ֡
ʱĪĿ⣬ҲǿˣĿֶ϶˶٣ЩһЩ֮ɫǰ׶Ժ߳ʱؿֶû˿Ļңǿߣлܹ򶨣ӵȷѰ֮
죬Ǳǻֿʥ̶ˣʸУǴǵһЩܹȡʲôЧ͵ÿԼ컯
Ǵʥ̶ӦöǰٳսǶǴ̳ţϣܹʷʫĴսУΪҴȡһЩ
ٳսʱĪ죬жӿ˼˳ȵɣܹǰٳս֮ӱ֮ؽ


ٰʮ ҹ̸
ΪΪ߹ѡΣҲھһ֮սյĽ֣ĽģȻ壬һռ飬Ǻöδٶȳֹ˴Σȴ䵽ͷϣȷǲòޱȵۡ
ѡĻֶ˵ûмڻʹֱ̫ͣӷס
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սȻҲõֶΪƣۣˣһصŵغֱӻ˷ݣɹȡĵλȻ˿˾ֻЦŵͷϢ׼յġʥ̶֮С


ֶصԼͥԺʱſڴ˴ȴһյС׶ʱվȻ˷ܵĳֶ˹ϤϢõֶҲǸһĨЦݡ
ȥνġʥ̶ͽҲϣͬЩһ˵ʥ̶Զ޾ѪֻҪ֮лžѪͶΪҪҲΪպʱСҲֶص
ǡʥ̶в޾Ѫ㲻մȾ㣿ֶЦ
ͣүΪ޽綥ĴڣƽԵľޣ˭ںЩѪԣСȴǲмƲƲ죬
ֶЦЦҲӲļһС׵ĴԴͻȻ˵ޣܹΣСʱҲܱˣ
ܹɹ˵ɣʱϴ跥ǣȻܹΣʲôõģ˴壬ԶԶǿ󡣡Сצӻ޶
Сӣ㵽ʱԶսμӰٳսʱɵöСһЩﲻȴǧţƼ񿴼죬ӵ˵ȷ֪ţҲŵȡ
ҵĹЩʵȻڴһǶ⣬Ƿڰٳս棬ֻǿﵽеȵĲΣٳս쳣ĲпᣬǿʳԶսеЩۺԴûʵòȥ̰ȻĻСѱ
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ⶫֻǺСһǶԣҪڰٳս֮ӱڵ֮ѣżĿܣСƬϣ˿ͬ顣
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ֶ죬ɫһȴ𽥵ӿЩ֮ɫȻٳս׵׵Լɱɣ
ֻҪԼǿˣԺʲô鷳ܹӦ

ҹɫΡֺĻʳǣҹʳ֮УȻŵƽʣޱȵķ֡
ֶͥԺ֮УСԣһԿѪżȶţͥԺڴһ
žУֶ΢յ˫ͻȻƫͷԺǽϣһξվ²ɵһЦ峤ôˣϢô
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ֶ΢΢һЦûڴ˵ʲô
ԭΪƾ˴εѡΣֳܹʤû뵽ȴֶ£ݣȫ֮ͬĶԹΪҪôȫƾԼ
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˷Ҵӣ⡣ֶص
һᾯףһҷκ׳Ƿּҵľٶ壬ʽѣݣɭ֮ӿһһٵص
ѣ۾޴󣬵ֶܹڰٳս֣ԺɾͲһ壬ʱʲô
Ϊһ֮ȡᣬȴǿúڵֶȷû취ȣԺףһٸ壬¶޷ֶһȡ
ȻˣǱл峤ˡֶͷ˶Ǵˣ˵ҲʲôףͬһΪʵĽס
ЦЦһתԶսǶЩɿٳһռ䣬ҵ㣬ǿռ֮УŨ֮컯ǿߣܹԪ֮ǽУɵúգĴΪֻепܱЩС
Ŷ컯ʵԶսȻһƬ֮أѹЩﶼֶ֮͡ȵص
˭֪ΪҪģ㹻üѣǿ߷ܹۣ£Զս컯һЩš
ҵΪ˳˶ʮĵ̺ȥ롭
Цһ⻹˶죬һ䣬ʱ׼ԽԽãϵδɹ֮ǰǿ
ֶզ࣬ʮһǧöҲ˵ھʸǲĶ֡
ǴĹűеӦЩϧǹűռػߣ´ٶȿҲ˸ҽ롭ֶЩź֪Ļ͸ðһˡ
ˣʱˣҲЩϢջýʥ̶ҲһܲĻᣬŲСʧʣʥ̶еҺϴ跥ǣܹ߳ɹļʣǼΪҪȻٶ޲˿ɫҲ˵ֶ˻֣Ժȥ
ʧҹɫеӰֶҲһΪ˸ڴƽҲǱȫԸ˰
ǱڴĿ籩꣬


ٰʮ ʥ̶
գһƳƿʣҫڻʳʱΪĳУ̱̼䱬˵Ļ֮һֱ
գʳڵĻ⣬ѡйأһΪ߹ıԣ˶ǱżȤ棬ǵǺ֪ڶƼУ˭ܹ˳ȡ
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Щп£װ׵ظˣѡû˿ˮֶ֣Ҳĵȷȷһƥʵǿ˷ָĺ
ʱŴǿߵ˶ţǰ֮Уֶ֮ϯ

ʳǶΪѡεĽзʱֶˣȴٶȽʹĪĴ£˻ʹ
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ֶ΢΢ͷҲЩ֮⣬û뵽ڴڴ˵еġʥ̶ȻĴš
λѵ룬Ǳ㶯ֿ̳ɡĪ컺߳һȦ
Ļ˶ǵ˵ͷĴ峤Լɵ߳γȦ״Ǽ̳Χ
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Щż̳ʱǼ̳ҲǷ֮һȦֶ˵ע£Լ̳𣬶ӶΪһ޴У䣬ֶܹܵһɼΪǿ֮ڣ͸
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ֶһ̧ʱǰǳһ޴ˮ̶̶ˮֱ֮ɫȥŲһɹɾ˵ľԴԴϵشˮ̶֮ɢһڣʱ·泩÷֮һ㣬ϸڻȸԾ
ʥ̶ôȻޱȵľˣֶıˮ̶
ʱˮ̶ϷʱĪڴ˴ֶ״Ҳ˹ȥǰ߼״΢΢һЦָ·ʥ̶λչأʥ̶ڣΪ崦򣬶УˣøռһΪ˹ƽռݵ򣬳ǩΣ
Ī赹ȷǻ֮ˣ˵Ȼһʣ۷ˣĻֶû֮ԡ
һԵҲǵһЦ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
˷ԣĪҲ׳һЩ㣬ֶһץâɢȥһֽƬдš
ֶȡӵеķΧʱҲǸȡӡ֤һ£Ҳûʲô⡣
λʥ̶ޣĳ̶ֳ˵ǿ֮˵һϣܹԺһЩˡϣĪٶȿڵ˵ŻʱĿ⣬ؿһֶ졣
ǣȻں
ֶƽصĪ˹˹ֱ֣Ƿʥ̶ʲô᲻ˣĪ裬ƣɽҲûʲôԹȻȥǿǵʥ̶ȻҪ⣬ҲǺ˳㽫ԷһҲߡ
״쵹һЦҲ˵תǷڵֻתʱϣȴɭ֮ӿ
ҶֶһΣҾҪʥ̶ֶأ


پʮ ʩֶ
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ʥ̶ôȻ档
ֶһĿһ̧ʥ̶С˷ɢÿҲֵܹһƬΪ򣬶һƬУܹܵʥ̶
̶ˮȷԶѪζ
СͻȻֳֶצӶ̶ˮһץӹһĨ֮⣬ʥ̶һ޲дѹϲĻ棬һԶ޵ĹǺѹǰǳԽĴڣȻº󣬻ɢ㾪˵ѹ
ŶԣֶҲ΢΢һһһɾʥ̶Ȼɿض̶Ӷ͵ľ˲ʮʱȴͻȻҲ޷룬һֻɬȴΪǿѹؽľѹ˻
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ʵ޷ʥ̶ǻҵĪ¶û취СС
ֶһεҡҡͷҪ̶̽̽׵ͷֻܴˣǿ߶û취Ҳֻܸɿš
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ÿЩɫӿʱֶܹĲ·ڵϸอڷһеָоͬʲôȱٵĴ֮һ㡣

ӿʥ̶ԽԽֶ࣬ҲܹظоԭΪѾԼﵽް壬ȻٶȻرǿ
ңЩʥ̶ӿ£һưɫľѪͻȻֶѪԶħԳľѪ
ף
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ˣС˵ʥ̶ڵ̺ԶѪԶԳҲԶ֮ӴЩ仯
һĻֶƬ̣Ҳ򣬲˵ƺһ飬ʥ̶ȷ
뵽˴ֶһɵ󣬶ʱɵٶٶ࣬ú棬Ƿ⡣
ţԽԽʥ̶ֶɣȴͻȻ֣ܶʥ̶һʱȻǹʧ
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ЩϵɭȻŨӡһ䣬ʱˮ沨һƿʼΪģѸٵӶ

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ȥ̶ףһǸһǿܣܷʲôôСһ£
һˣԣֶһȻǲСȫʢʱڵǿ󣬿ڵϾֻ״̬ʵԶԶûлָڵǴڣҲ֪ʲô·СȥĻδΣ˵㡣
û£ҴʯǰȥǴĺǿĻҲضˣҲͬһ㡣
СҲȥֶüͷе㲻ĵصСףҲܹ컯ǿߣٶȼ죬ΣգԴСѡ
ҲáҲֶ֪ĲģС˴εûгܣǵ˵ͷ
״ֶһСèССױǹˮϡ
ȥˣעһ죬ҸоǱЩӣ벻㰲ȵʥ̶ĺôСצһӣһȦϺɫĹâǽСֶһֱǴ̷ܽУѸȥ
ֶ΢΢ͷССʧӰŻ̧ͷĿݵڵķֻҪһҳ֣ǽվҪ͵ʴף


پʮһ 
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ڸտʼʱ򣬵ȴе춯δֶ֣ȴżΪ˽⣬һǶȻؿʥ̶
ʵҲȷֶͬϣְûг̫ãʥ̶ˮϣǴһֶں̵ܶʱڱǶȻֶ̧ͷֻʥ̶̶ˮǾҵطӿ
Ҫô
ֶ˫΢УܹЩӿ̶ˮиܵһǿȻĲ

ֶע£Ǳ̶ˮͻȻӿ޴ˣ̤ɭȻĿ⣬ֶڵķ
ʥ̶ͻȻĶҲĪ˵ע⣬ɫһ䣬ɽ·ϰգĿ򶯾ķ򣬵²ɵóȵ죬ʲô
λ޹أСЩԹֻҪѡ˵ĺǵһЦ
ԣĪüͷһ壬Ȼ֪е˭ĿҲǿ˶棬ȻֶȻˮϣδӦĶһ㡣
죬Ҷȡ˵պԶսû໤֣˻ˡĪüͷ΢ص
ӣ˵ĶԹǲݣҶǲͷֻǻ벻Ҫ֮¡ЩصĪʵǲĻֱӱǳˣڣȴǲòԽ˰
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ԣĪ˽һ㶣Ŀ⿴棬ֶˮվƽϣû˿ĽŻ֮ɫ
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̤ˣĿɭֶЦⱰ΢ķּ֮ˣΪƽƽô

Цһ䣬һӣʮ޴ˮǱۻԪİ£ݺݵغֶ
ֶĿƽĹƣû˿ֵļ󣬶ЩˮڳʮɷΧʱԶıǱѶΪ꣬ˮУֶ·һεһ㣬ûһˮ
־Ͷ֣ЩСϷò𣿡ֶǰˮȴǵص
Ǿͳȫ㣡ӿɭȻ֮ɫһţһⱩӶֱǻΪһǺھһתһĺڹ⣬ǴһصĲֶ
Ƕھ˺ĺڹֶһһɫɽǳ֣ҡһ䣬Ͷһֶư㣬ǵڹ⾡¡
ݣ
ӡã־ͷϵһһڹ⣬ֶӶȥ
ڴ߶־ͬʱ͵һ˳ʱ䣬ڵƬˮ򣬶ǱˮˣһˮĪ˾Ŀ£۳һִ
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һ߶һȣ֮Уһɹ˼ٻֱۣǻΪһֻˮޣˮſ޵׶ľ죬ݺһʱʥ̶ڵ̶ˮֱǶˮ޾֮йӿȥңˮ޵ҪΧȻֶһƬˣ̶ˮʱһˮ˺Х

ˮ޵֮Ϊǿһ̶ˮۻʥ̶ֱһڿڵ̽ˮڣֶһƬ̶ˮһۿɼٶȣѸٵرõȻ¡
ңʥ̶ˮߵʱֶǳһЩ·ǵסˮ޵Ŀһ㡣
еĪһĻҲӹһĨɫǴʱҲǷ֣·бרųֶȥٶȣҪ˶ãֶ䵽Щʥ̶͵ñ쾡ǿȥ
̤ˣҡڵֶȴ̲סЦ
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ͻȻת۵ҲõϵЦȻ̣æ߶󷨣ˮҲǷŭΪ׺ݵ֮
Ū״ֶЦһץºڶˮֱˮϿգһǿ֮ˮͬһ㣬ѶΪһˮûڶ֮ڡ
أ
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һεʥ̶֮У͵۹ɣ
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УĪ˶ĿɿڴһĻһƬʥ̶Ȼֱӱֶһ˿ʣ
ģҲ̫ˡ
ɽ죬૵ֶͬ˵һεʥ̶֮У죬ֻܵѹ۹һˡ


پʮ 
ڰգĿ͵·Ǳ쳣峺̶ˮܹоƬ̶ˮڵʥ̶ǳ׵׵ıֶǿߣ
ǿᣬΪᣬû¸һ˿һ
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˶Ұ
𾪹𾪣ڼǱøɸɾ̶ˮʱһɱŭ̱ӿͷһŭһ󣬶ʱһɹۻǿԪǴںХӡһ䣬һԪ۶ɵľȭͷǶֶݺݵغ˹ȥ
ȻĹƣֶȴɫƽһڶХأһת䣬ֱӽԪȭɶȥһǰȻͣͷž˵Ʒ֮صغ졣
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ͷıŭȻʢɱӿӡãۻԪӿֱϷ۳һͷԪ޻ˣĲͬ쫷һϯ
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أ
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׺ѹ£Ǿ޻ҲǷһֱƾձըΪԪɢȥ
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ֶ˫΢У˫֮УȴͻȻеɱӿڵǵǱ̶ף˵ȷնɱûᣬϧﻹĪ˵ĴڣȻĻֱܹٻѪնɱ
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˵ڵֶɹλһȴȻû취֤ЩǷ˶Ļ⣬ֿ΢СԽֶȴԸôĲΪ鷳׳ǷּңܵһЩ
ǲѪֶҲδû취նɱϾߵڣõɵشڣǽ̶ף˵ʱССסһѵõĻᡣ
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ͷɿ˸ֶеɱҲ˲䱩ӿ壬ͬʱ仯Ϊһ̱ӶһӰֶ
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ŵӰӣֶԪͬһ㣬ֳȭȴӡãͬʱž˵Ԫۡ
ķֺӡ
ͺȶȻֶдۻԪΪϺˣһӡ˶ž˵Ԫ챬ȥ
ֶһ֣Ҳ൱׺Ĺƣȭӿ֮еɭɭɱ⣬ͬû˿ΣԶĪ˶ܹظо²ɰҡͷ֮䣬ȻǳԹ
ֶ׺ƣȻҲǲٵͬڵֶɲӶǰУиĻпĻ﷭˫ָһ㣬һѪӳ־УʱһۻԪҲǷɿعע
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ӡãʱ־ǼٵĲ֮һɫ⻪ӿΪһƬɫľڣ䱣С

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ת
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սḻֶԴҲ൱ףһЦȻʩչָɱʱ·ˮ棬һӰȴĴܳһ־˵ٶȳС
Сĵ㣬ǵҲˡӰӳֶʱСҲ
СƽֶͷҲһСǻʱüͷȴ΢΢һ壬̧ͷȻǼˮУһԲĻâĵӽڡ
Ƕʲô
ֶ˫΢У̲סʵС̶ףӦشڽ֣Ҳܹ̽ǾǸʲô


پʮ ڵش
һǿԪ񡣡СҲѸٵֶ
Ԫ񣿡
İĴʻ㣬ֶɫȴȻһ䣬ڵ֪һЩǿʵﵽĳزʱܹԪ񣬶ֻҪɹ۳Ԫ񣬾𣬵ֻҪԪ𣬽ܹĻᣬȻ־ʵ̫ǿ󣬾ֶҲֻǴС
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٣үʧܵĵҸڵĴڶֻ࣬壬ҲֻԪ壬ʯ̶׵ѹһСЩĹЦ
⣬̶ȷһԶ޵ĹǺϲģӦһͷԶһҲ޽мΪǿĴڣǱǶ̫أǿ߶᲻ãͷҲסԪʱǹǺеõһ˿ѪżΪҪá
Զִڣֶ൱İõС˵ǿᣬⶫͷӦòС
ջ񡣡뵽С׵õһ˿ѪʱֶҲ΢΢һСôôܹ꣬ǿֶҲǸ˵ý
һԶһǼΪʺ㣬ȳٸ㣬ΣСٶȵ
ãԭûɱ˵ģû뵽ǻô졣ֶĿ͸Ļķ΢Щźص
챾ҲҪɱףϾǴɱ󲻺ýȽٳսˣеǻᡣС
ֶҲǻ˵ͷһ𽥵ؽеɱƽϢ¡

ֶС̸ʱڵķҲΪһԪĹ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ʦҪңϧһнֶǸСնɱҽʥ̶ǿߣվȥҧгݵеͺ
Ҳǰ㲼ôôһԪҲǶΪĴ㵡
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УȻҪڵһԪȴ̻ؾ
Ϊʲôԣһ㶣ʵصͺ
СӲеô򵥣֣ڿ¶ѽնɱ
ôܣһŵص
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ѹСܹͨ컯䱮ı꣬ǵǿ컯ѧҲΪشڰа
ʦѵ㶼ǸСڵشڵĶ֣ʵЩ̲סصǺʦǶôµĴڡ
ǴڵĽֺܶݣʵʵȫʢʱڰ㣬ָܹһЩҲòʰȵʱٳսһָȥһأұָܹһЩʱԱڰٳսһϯ֮ءʦĬһ£Ц
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ĪĿһزһʲôĿתֶڵķֻúҲǻˮ棬ƽӣǿʲô
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һˣֶҲ£һӣµĺڶѸٵӿһɹɴɫȻԴԴϵضڹעȥЩȻǸղŴƬǿġ
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ʱҲ֪һεʥ̶֮Уǰˣ


پʮ ջС

ʥ̶ϣֶڶ̶ˮϣһΪŨĴɫԴԴϵض֮л۶һ˿˿ˮӣܲɫһ㡣
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Ŀ⣬ֶͣ˺ðΣһһӣǺԥתٶֱʹȥ

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ʱɽۣ֮߿ȥǻҵĪԼĪˣӣȻǵһִ˴ġ
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ٳս㾿Ŷôľʰɣ
Уֶ̧ͷĿңԶ֮˫ȭգҲӿЩ֮ɫ


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ֶһôȴǵϤƬԶսʱܹĥ
ʥҲǿһƿһУֱʲС
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ʱֶҲǳһ֪Զսĵһ鷳ˡ


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Ը컯۷ǿĵħЫֶȻҲǲаС̬̤̫첽λΪһ̣ħЫǯܶȥǹһ𣬻һӰĺݺݴǶǯ
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˵䣬еսȦȴĻ𱩣ֶԪХƾǿһʱ䣬ҲûͬһЩϵѸٱ

ǹӰħЫ֮ϣһƬĻ𻨣ħЫȫļ׿Է컯۷ǿߵĹκֶǹʵ̫ڷӰȥǼ׿ϣǳһǹۡ
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ĪˣǰݵĴأҲ̲סڴʱݺݵһĭڸղţʥЩǿߣǵǵ棬һѪ
ǽϣһĻҲǼ˵ֶָ֪Ԫ½նԶݡ
ߵսĳԽ뵽˴еɱ⣬ޱȵڵֶھⷬսҲǿ֮ĩǶֵʱ
ɱӿʱϣɫһ˿԰׵ֶһУһӿʱ·Ű˸ǬӶЩһʥҲЩʲЩֶȻҪսƷȫߡ
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İһʮһ 

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Īͬȴûٶ˵ʲôֶ֪֮ĶԹǰΪȻֶɱԺߵԸǶȻܽ׷Ź
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Ϊֶ֮䣬ѡǰߡ
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쳹ͻȻ䣬һɫĹâȻڱӿЩâۣ䣬γһްӰ

ǵӰһ֣һ̧֣һǿâָⱩӶ˺ΣǹײŽ䵯
ڳôӰֶҲһ
ʦɱ챩ŭǰȻֶ˵Ǳ˵ʵǳ裬Ҫֶ֪УϰĴڣʱɱֵĶûУΪΪͲ䣡
Ȼ˼ܱ䵽ڣǻΪ޾ĺڣ첻ֹһҧгݵ룬ܹ»صʱڹĹʱ͸һֶ
ȻޱȵĺڣϣȴûкҩɳԣеϣǴﵽܹƿĵز
ڵҪϣ
ѾĶ֣ߣ
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ʦĻǲʵ޷ȻҲһ죬ֶƵǱĵز
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ָʱǵӰȴǹ䶯˲ƶһ㣬ʮ֮İգǾָܿȥ
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ֶɫӰʧķ򣬵ǲûʲôŭɫ֪ԪʵǿҪֶĵ̣Ȼ˿壬ҪܣС֣ټѪѽնɱ
ٶֻҪ߰ˡ
ֶƻգЦ´ʱû취ô׵ˣ


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ҲһЩƣҪɱף´ټǶҲȲֶص䣬Ũ
ĪĬĬ˵ͷһǰʢ˱Ѫĵطֶ֣ǰʢǰ˵ƺһʦԶսܹ˾ηʵӦñʢǿ˵Ǵﵽ벽ĵزǱ֪ʥ˶У²ưոݡ
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ǰʥǿѹȣĪȻѡվһߣһٶȻӮֶ꣬ˣǵѡ
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ֶ׿ϣĪҲһЦСŶӣֶΪ׵ļ
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νľסѣȻʥЩ˸ģȫڽЩ˵ūΪͬľٶֶеʮֵ񣬲˵ںջ񣬾ջĺܷḻҲмΪ֮
ԵĺûԲûʲôرԹҲ˵ĻеɥĲζˣȻֶûﵽֵز
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ֶΣʯ֮ϣ󻺻ܹеκλãڴ˴ȷһƿذĸоڡ
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ԣֶڼʢǬУȻ⡰ʥײ֮ʱĶҲǲӿϻ֮ɫ
٣ⶫǲɵİ󣬾СЦȻҲǼǰʢʩչѧʱǿ
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ϣֶ˫ĿգŰһɹɹ֮ɫӶ壬
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ɱʥˣ˭㶼ۣҴ˴ĿĴﵽڣ


İһʮ 鱨
žۼҹɫȻȥٶҫڴʱ֮еףȴǳתԭڴҫʥֶնɱЩԭͶʥǿߣҲٶȱֳǽͷݵķ緶ҧгݵ˵ʥЩһİſǷģ·ϴĳһ㡣
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ҹʥ˰ٰ鷳ȡ鱦ѧֶҲڵĶ£κʢʵǲʶ࣬ƫƫҪǵͷ˵ҲǾȡ

ůҫڸ֮ϣ˫ĿֶҲǻ˫ۣУǰĹâҲ˲١
˫ֶۣվһһĿʱۻƥԪڱӿ
ԪӿͬʱؼԪҲѸٵػ۶Ƕ̶ʱ䣬һ޴ĹӰֶ֮⡣
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ΪʯռĴڣѧֶ˵һָѵ£˵ֻһҹʱ䣬ֶ⡰ʥײЩȻһʱỹ޷ﵽ¯ĵزҲѾ߱һЩս
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ŶĪЧʵıǽ鱨ãֶһ㶡
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ֶЦЦк£ȻĿǿĪ裬Ȼλҹºݻġʦ֡ҲǺ֪⾿͡
֪鱨УʥμӰٳսУжʮ˵ʵﵽ컯
ʮˡֶ΢ݣʥаλ컯ǿУҲ˵ǻʮһλ컯ǿߣȻһλȻνġʦ֡
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ΪʲôֶһЩصɱʥˣһǽڰеľӡĨǼһӦúȲĽնɱŶԡ
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ǽϣһƬȻĪ˶¶֮ɫƾǺ䱬컯۷ǿߵһҲֲ̫˵ɣ
ңҲףڼ֮ǰֶ϶ǿȻĻҲʢô÷ŷֳʤҲ˵̶̼ʱУֶʵȻǣ
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Ȼ˿ûкڵĻᣬˣڼֶĮȻĿͶʱӶɫһ䣬ǲԼͬرˣǼʶֶµȻǰǼһͬĽ֡
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ѪӻӶΪֶǸ˵ǳһɫЩ԰ףҲſ־֮ɫӿҲûǰš
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Īˣ̲סذһĭ컯۷ǿߣȻû˵䣬ֱǱնɱˡ


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֮ϣ޴ķѪ͸ԼϻӶ˵壬ѪͬѪһ㣬ϵ£·ĵ棬ȾѪ
͵ϮˣȻСףһβʥ̶ԶѪ֮ٲȻǱһ˿ֶǹĵؽ鱦һ㣬β컯ɵǿߣԵ͵Ϯ֮£컯۷ǿߣпܱ䶴ϮɱͬǰһĻ
𣡡
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ֶ״һץǬӶȵУһɨϱӹһĨЦ⣬һղصҲΪʢǬڼҲǧҵ˵ʢһЩҲպˡ
ԵļһսƷֶһϳǽʱĳǽϣʥ컯ǿߣڼֶʱȴӿϿ־֮ɫһУǼæӴܡ
Щʥ߹ֶȻûʲôĴ㣬ȭͬɽȭ磬һ⣬ЩʥצֱǱɱȥһĻ˽Ÿڴô벻Ŷ̶̼ʱ䲻ֶʵȻﵽܹһȭɱ컯컯۷Ŀֲز
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ֶ˵ͷе⣬Զزܹ֮СǸеϲתֵȻܻʲôѰء
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ķֱǴԼʥ
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УǿߣֶĬ
ˮӣһЩȻķҲǵ̲˭Ҳ֪Ƿصİ벽ǿߣǿߣӦûСĪ
ԶսУֻҪܹ̤벽ľ磬൱һǿߣ¼ҲѰϾȻǷԲ֮ΪӴľۼ㣬ɷԶսȣǼΪСǿߣӦò
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ǷǿߣԶԿҲڱصãⲻ¹СܷҲ֪ܹزأǱȻܹ˳Ӷһ֮ľսУӱ
μٳսʤив㣬ԵֶǿˣϾϵĺˣ˼ɵֶһ˵ϣԣҪЩԸ⣬ֶͱ׼
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նǰǣԿͷֶȻ˿ĳɣǳ
ֶĻĪ˽ص˵ͷ壬зЩȣֶǵķ·ʮ֮㣬һ·ֳֶ֣Ҳõֶ֮䣬ѡ˺ߡ

գԸո˺ѺڰƬʱǿ͵ķھۼϿһЩ̧ͷȥȴǼĵӰԸ֮ӳͷ׺޻֮ϣЯŹ磬֮ߣӶȥ
ʧߵӰӣۼڣ˶ЩȻֶ֪ˣٻǽǰǸΪֺƵԶսԴӶٳս֮ӱ֮ȣǣȴǻԶսУȻȥڸ֮Ҳǽ֮


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ȻҪͻƣֶҲܻ˵ļ򵥣ڽһո·ʱУֶͣϵشؼԪ֮עĪڣΪǵĽ֮·שߡ

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Īʵټ鱦֮ʥЩˣֻҪ֣Ǳǲ˿·硣
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˱ĿʱֶҲ𽥵ؽ״̬˴Сóġ󡱵ȷΪ𽥵ĪˣֶҲὫ󷨽ǡ
ֶҲպˣȻֿĪ˿ϸȻҲҪΪǿһЩ⡰󡱣պֶֿҲ̫ڵĵġ
˽ǽ״̬֮Ҳ밲ΨСȶžΪ⣬ӹʡ

·ڶյʱʱ˫۵ֶͻȻ˫ۣĿ⣬ԶԶֻãߵľͷһͬԶźľްĳس֮С
ǳ֮У䣬ǿϢ嵴ʡ
ǣ
һĻֶҲ𽥵ػȣİٳսƼ֮㣡


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׳ڣžƬ̣Ȼ˴˷ĳ򣬶ֶɫƽȴĳ۽
ֶȴų۽ʱϷһЩϯλУǽҲǻͷͶֶӰ˫ۣͬһ㣬𽥵ϸ


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ȥģħɷԼķֺӡǰ߱һǧļ۸ɹȥߣǴﵽǧ֮һһǧöõֶЩզ࣬컯ѧǳܻӭ
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ֶոʱһЦֶĿ˳ȥֻϷЩϯλУһλӣЦ
ֶĿƳһӣӴӿǿ󲨶ȻҲһ̤˰벽ǿߣõ΢ЩǣλӿںΧһЩͬĿ⿴
ӦǺĺ裬ͷ죬ҪģһٻĸǮҪġ͸ĪɫҲ΢΢һ䣬æֶԵ
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⻰׳Ҳ԰һЩЩֶĿͬ飬֮䣬۽ѧ˭һ
ȻֶͬĿȴӶ·ҲǺ軰֮е֮⣬Ȼƽ˭ļ۸ߣ˭
ֶһ䣬˶ЩȻҡͷһҲ̫֪ˣ浱Щƽڣ
裬˿ɲ㰡ֶĻشƤڵĴĿҲһЦ
ΧһЩҲЩһĻƽʱ˸ҷӣû뵽İļһȻ˵Ĳ
ɫȻбʯΣƺͬûֶĻشֻǵصʧһ׬һʵĻᣬڸһǧѧҰɡ
ѧȻˣǱֻչˡֶһЦһʧȥǺĻȴҲ
ֶ˾٣ǺҲǻǰ㣬˫֮Уɭĺӿ
ȵȡ
Ȼں輴ʱһͻȻٶڶĿȥͣһϡ
ôҲѧȤӣüͷһ壬
ǺǣǶѧȤҶԴˣͦȤ
ЦĿ⻺ضֶϣܹɳȥˣӦöɱˣò˵ĵӺܴɱʥˣȻҳҵǰΪϲ㣬κʵ̫̰ģȻĨȥڰµľӡȴȻԳĨֲ

ýĻΧ˶ǽĿͶֶȻû뵽Ȼɱʥˣ˭֪ر֮ˣһڽˡ
ǺǣȤСӿһǽҲǲһ£ЦȻˣǴ»ɽֽɣȽѧҿһ
⺣Уֶֻ컯ɵʵ⼸ǷּݣҪֶеѧǿϵֶ˲ӣ⵹õЩܡ
ȻΧһĿԼֶȴδţպù̧ͷЩ˵ķɱ˱ɱ˰ɣøߣΪ
ǷҲܹ˵ġһЦ͵ԲðɣȻУ
治֪㾿ģѵΪ벽ʵôֶҡͷЩˣϲ߸ϡ
Ҹᣬȴûаա
ֶƬ̺ϵЦǵȥվһ̾΢΢һ𣬶ʱǿ籩ۻϢȻڱӿɲǼƬ׳
һĻ׳ǿֶ˵̻ĿһȦЩֶĿ⣬ޱȵͬ飬һǻǵùޱȡ
ĪҲǽվֶĿ⾯ŽˣȻ֪ͽͻȴû뵽Žǰʱ䣬ֱӶˡ
Сӣ±ӼǵãЩˣǵﲻģ
ӸµֶȻһȭʱȵԪХֱ۳һͷܰԱԺɱκ컯۷ǿߵ׺ֶ֮ȥ
Ԫ۶ɵԱһ־˵ٶȣֱǺݺݵֶ壬ʱ䣬ʯ̼䱬ɷĩҳ
״˶ҡҡͷһҽж
Ǽһû
ȻһЩ˰ֻʱͻȻһ𣬵һĿ⼱æתƶȥȻǼǻҳɢʱһӰȻǾվģ·Ժɱ컯۷ǿߵһȭȻûжֶɰ˺
һĻòΪ֮е˼顣
Ǻ״ͫҲ΢΢һףǰⲻ컯ʵļһƺһЩ¡
һĿУǵӰֶ߳ƽҲǴŵ⣬ɢ
˵ƾ벽ʵûʸô˵ʥҲ㲻ʲôɱɱˣǲսɱ˱ǡ


İٶʮ ս벽
Щɭ֮⽻׳ɢȴõòɫЩʣ֮УҲһ벽ʵõΪ˴һǿߣǰû˸Ҷ
˵ǰֶȻϵؽ˽һУɺ߱Ͼлδ֣ʱ˵ڿʵЩǡ
һĺ裬˫΢еضֶеҲ֮ɫڽʵ֣Ҳֻսƽ֣ԭֶ컯ɵʵȻһж޷ȴû뵽Ĺƣûжֶɰ˺
˼
һЦбʯΣµһĻšԶԿϢĴԽԽǿ߸ǣֶҲ֮һΪְܹ벽ǿߵĻ¾Щˡ
Ϊ벽Ϊ컯֮Ĳ࣬ҽʥ൱ѧ֣ҲǸǿҪʤͬȼİ벽Ѱ쵽οǰֶ컯ɶѡ
ǰǿں۵ڴ󺺣ҲȤؿųڶ˵ĶţֶԽƣûʲôϾûʲôĹأ˳۶ֱǣʤΪΪܣһеȨǿߵģȻֶʧˣȻΪ³çƸ۱ǡ
׳ȽϸߵĳǿϰˣĶţ¾һĿͶȻЩ棬Ϊⲻ컯ʵֶȻеƽ
Ũ̳Ŀע£𽥵ر䵭һӰҲǻ߳Ӳ˽һȭֶȴδ顣
̳л߳ӰҲ΢΢һЦɱʥôˣȷеͣɻû˸ǰ˵ֻ죬ǱˣȻպû㣡
ǾͿûʸˡ
ֶһЦ˫΢΢գƤ֮£ֵĽһ޷ݵǿ֮УȻӶڽǰ벽ǿϢ֮£ûܵѹ֮С
ΪԼľٶڵģʱһжˡ
ĮȻһ̤һգһͨǳУ֮ϣص·䣬һֳȰĲɢȻҲһ൱ĵؽ鱦
أ
Ż֣һ棬ʱƬӲʯǱɷĩΣҲǶȻӶлȵĹӰǵصضֶֶȥ
飡
ӰлδӴֶ壬εľ磬ǽ澡ѣ趯ǰƣǼΪĲ
ȻŽ׺ƣֶҲһգǹӶֱһһǹֶ

ǹʱ׺ľ粨ϯ𻨱䣬ֶȻԼӲǽжʱӹһĨЦһֻǻ֮ϾһâЩâͬȣֱǲǹֶϯȥ
֨֨
ֻâΪأմȾǹʱǱ֨֨죬ֿ񱩵Ĳ·ܹȼԪһ㡣
һĻõֶЩȣһеĻҲЩȻܹ߶صơ
𣡡
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ߣ
ֶԼ㹥ƣ𻹳ƽǽҲһߣԪӿ֮ϻâҲϯȻһ־˵ٶȣ۳һͷޡ
޿ģ·ûȷеòһ㣬ȥͬһŴĻʣһֳȿ񱩵Ĳϵɢ
ʥ׶
ȻԽдлȻͣǻںϣȻضֶŭ¡
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һУò컯۷ǿɫ䣬֪ŽһǸ޷ңˣ΢΢һ
ǻųȾϯʱֶ֪ʩչ컯ѧȷǼΪľˡ
ʥײ
ֶ̤̫첽ѸٺˣԪҲǺޱĴ߶Ѹٵǰ۳һ󣬶̤ŵضɽҡĲݺݵǽ񱩹ӰӲ
أ
ײɲǣ׺ޱȵľ磬ֱͬ㣬ʻϯ棬Ҳܵ˻԰ĴΪ顣
Ŀǽģɢ䣬ӰҲǵŵŵصԽŲʱǽ̤ĺۼ
飡
ֶǿסֱ΢΢һ£Ƥ½ӿѸٵؽڵӴ⡣
һ潻棬Ҳõ˰벽ǿߵǿ֮񽫡ССɵĵز¹һξ룬͵õܵһЩơ
㾹ʥѧһ㣬Ǳɣ
˺ĲֶҪ٣ɫȴǱøֶļ̶ֳЩϣǰһͬΪ벽ǿ߶Ҵ⣬ֶ˶˼֮⣬Ȼûаƣ
ңõŭǣֶȻʩչʥ컯ѧ⣬ֱǴΪ
ʥľѧȻʩչ㲻ǶȻôϲⲿѧұļʶһ£
һ̤͵شһͺ֮ȵԪϯʱԪֱǰ۳һ޴ޱȵĹǵȿ񱩲ֶԼʢҪǿ
ȻĽʥײ˵Ӧֵĵزֳֶգ
ͣ
˻Хǿ󲨶õúȰ벽ǿɫһУǣҲ뾡ܹ
СӣҲñ˽ˡĮȻؿֶһۣȻ߽ƵֵزõǾȣҲõΪֹˡ
ʲôƨѧУʩչҲֵһᣡ
ֶЦȻû˿¶ӣֻ΢ǿԪҲǺޱıӿӡãָ
ָĵʱԪȻڣԭ׼ϷĺˣɫҲ˶Ȼ䣡


İٶʮ 
䣡
׳еԪڴ˿̶ȻڣһǿԪͬ籩һ㣬Ȼֶϯ벽ǿߵĲ˵ɫ䡣
ǿĲһ﾿ʩչʲôѧȻ˶
˶һЩе컯ѧ޷߱ѵһӵŸߵ컯ѧɣ
ߵ컯ѧǽ߱СӵʲôͷȻӵǿѧ

׳У̼䱬˽ڶ𾪵Ŀ⣬ֶȻ޷ϵ߾Ȼܹ˶
ߣӵǿѧ֮Ĳ࣬Ȼ޷ֲѧûʸӵУǹԹԽңջ
ǽͬΪһĻһ£бӿŨṴ֮̃ɫһЦһֱǹںһ𣬶ʱ䣬һɹ񱩵Ĳϵϯ
óĽҲǽԪ߶˼£ֶǿѧΪ벽Ҳǲ˿и
ͣ
޴Ĺ̤գһ̤캶ذĿϢϯ·ĵ棬ֱѹ֮£ѣΧЩΧߣҲǼæ˿֪ڵǴ˻Ǳǣ˽ȥֻԼùˡ
ʥײ
壬ڣһ̣ϢҲǿᵽ˶㣬һͺǹ֮ϣʱɹزĲ¡¡ضֶײȥ
飡
رѣֱǾը貵Ĺâ޷ݵĻѹȣֶ
УֶȴȻǾվԭأԪҲڴ˿ָ̾һֻٶ£ͬɽ㱬
ָָǬ
ԵĺԪ֮£ȻֶƤ両˽ɫ󣬶ֽӿ£ڷ񷭹ĿԪǱĳ
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ˣ
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ƣ
ֶĮȻ֮ͫڽ磬ǸԶŴľָҲǱӶֱһ־˵ٶȣ˳ײĹ֮ǰ
𶯵Ŀע£Ȼͬһ㣬˺ʣһּΪķʽݺݵغһ
أ
ײɲǣط·Ĳľ죬쳹ȥµϯƵЩԭ˿ˣæٶԶԶ뿪̨ϵĺ̤˰벽ǿߣ˱أһ֮ϡ
䣡
һ񱩵Ԫϵϯ貵ĹâڽӴ֮š
ʥľѧǣƣ
ֶ̤գƤýӲӵģΪҫۣĿɭǽ֮㣬һߣٶһָ
һָĵǾָ֮ϣȻһɼΪµĲߵ컯ѧǿֲڴ˿ҲǾչ¶ɡ
꣡
ھָӿʱǹ֮ϣǱѿһƣһĻ˶ǵһ
Ҫʤң˵ΣǾ֮УҲڴ˿̴˽ŭĺһͺ𴫳ǹ֮ҲԪӿؽǰԶžָ
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ˣ
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һȭֶۣһȭ£ǸԶžָǾҵһ𣬶ǣݺݵײǹ֮ϡ
أ
һΣûγɵֶȫһȭԼԶžָԵǹ֮ϣ̱ѿһ޴ѷ죬𾪵ĿУȻը
޷ݵ쫷粨Խ׳ϯһӴӣֱǳ˳УǱըĹУһӰҲǵֱڵϲһɳĹ֮󣬷ЩǱס
ͣ
Ŀ⣬˲תƣغֱһѪĽ޲һ˭û뵽Ȼᱻֶˣ
׳з·ڴ˿˼žյĺˣ𽥵ֶܹ˽ҲǾ˵ҲӵŻͬΪ벽ǣȻһΣЩˡ
ͬʱ䣬ͷҲ΢һǰȳֵĻ˵ģӦûǰֶǳѰǿƣ˵Լܹһ
һԭҲһԻĻЩ֮ɫ˴εԶԿᣬֵöһˡ
СӣѹָƽԭȻսǰӿĽ⣬ȻһּΪǿѧ֮Ҫǿ治֪һǴõ֮ǿѧڴ󺺣ҲЩ𶯵һĻ
ΧһηĿ⣬ֶȻգڵѪҲڴ˿̾ҵطӿţСǿ󣬾ؽѪ𽥵ѹȻĻҲȻΪǿķ֮ˡ
̤գֶĿǱס壬ɫΪѿĽٿΧЩ𽥼ɵĿ⣬֪һεĴսõ֮Ҳӵһϯ֮ء
һܹ˰벽ˣκٸڶ䱧С
ʵ壡
⣬ҲֶʱҪġ


İٶʮ ɨ
׳ϣһƬǽ壬ڶĿҲӿ𶯵ǰһĻһʱ䣬·Щ޷ع
֮УŲȻ㲻ö⣬Ҳһǿߣ£Ȼǰʵ컯ɵֶУһĻʵЩ˸еš
εţʵͰݲ˲ţ
ĪˣҲǾϲޱȵһĻȻ̧ͷŰϵǵӰвɵӿЩ֮ɫڴ˿ֶʱȴòϣֶ֮䣬ŲСĲࡣ
ؼڵԪ𽥵ƽϢֶеɱ⣬ȴû˶˿ļӸµ·Ǵһ˿ѪϢĽò˵ǰ벽ǿߣֶڵʵʩչָָʢ컯ɵǿ߶ֱӱɱȴӲĵ˵ƣȴûдﵽĵز
ֶ£ֻҪǵˣֱ㲻˿ĴȻѾַҲͲٽʲôϻɱ˵պ鷳
Ҫ
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ͣ
ǹӰԼ䣬˻֮Թǹ֮дǵȷ֮׶컯۷ǿߵķ
Сӣң
ǽҲͬǱֶɫ࣬Ҳ˲ѹڷӿѪлնһȦ㣬ȶ񱩵ľѸϯ
ȻɱңһʲôҵģʥˣҪ۵ֶͷҴ˶󣡡
ֶ׺ݣû˿ֱһǹӰǺݺݵغǻķ֮ϣʱ䱬𻨣˵Ҳڴ˿̶Ȼɢ
ŵţ
׺ĶУǽǱýˣǰӲֶһָǱѪӿ״ֶ̬ӲǲͬǰǰݣЩ·ļ
׳Уǽڽڰ˵Ľ۽Ҳ̲סЩ鴤ʵЩ޷ֶôܹƾ컯ɵʵ벽ĽƳģ
벽ʵֻͲɣ
ֶԽսԽͣƤ֮½ӿʱǳ׵ĽСתʩչܹ֮ѧǿ֮
С壬һ൱ǿĵزǣҲԶԶĳе컯ѧȻ鴫
ֶļ֮ҲǽɫϣԭڵѪӿ֮䣬ǳ˿ĳٻ
ˣٻɲǣɫȻһ䣬μæˡ
ߣ
ȻθˣһӰȴͬƹ֮һǹӰ֮ϣͻȻһӿ֣ǹһ𣬾Ȼֱ˺˿һּΪĹ켣Ĵɽлɵķ֮С

ֶһصػǹ֮ϣʱǹӳĺâĴнš

ĹƣǱУȻһȻ͵ǹнʱȴûеѪ䣬Ǳ֮ǽ£ŨĻⱬǽֶһ
Ҫɱң˵Σл»壬ǰ벽ǿߵĹ޷ɱңʲô̧ͷĿֶɭȻ
ߣ
ֱֶȻһµͬɽкֱǽǽɶȥ嵹䣬𱬡
ͣ
˵νĻ»壬Ͼ޷ȫĵڵľȻǽٶһѪ˵壬ϼˣǳ־ȥտĻᱻֶնɱڴˡ
ҿܹŶãֶҲ׹ӿ˿ָʱ䣬һٶȱӶ
Χ˼һĻɫһ䣬ֶҪܽһ뽫նɱ
ʦ֣
ʱЩʥǿɫҲǾҲͲסһıӶҪסҲףʥĹǣˣҲʧȥľʸ
Ҫֲ֣ǣʥǿ֣߳ĪɫҲһӶγһǿ󷨣һ׺ԪХǽЩʥǿ߾
Ī˽ͻƵ컯۷ĲΣټֶǵ󷨣ǰ벽ǿߣܹһ£οʥ컯۷ǿ߶ûмˣο벽
ֶ˿ЩʥǿߣУֻҪǰ벽ǿߣû˿ļɵˣĿ⣬עŽƻչǹɱȻڡ
裬֮Ҳѣʥܵ˴ԶԿᣬҲ޷ȡʲôɹ͵תͷգȵ
ϣüͷҲ΢΢һ壬Ƭֶ̣λѣ֮ԹӦѾ㹻һߣպʥŲٵѣֵ̫Ļͬʱ֣з֮Ҳ·էĻ¶㲢á
Ļ̫ӲͬʱһЩвڶֶѾû˰СͬΪ벽ĽƵֵزȻֶǹʸƽƽٰʲôӵĻֻ˵Ǵ
⺣Ļֶ˫Ҳ΢УƳһɫѿĽһۣڵɱ⣬Щļף˵˽ҪɱŲСѶȣοҲ⺣˵ʥҲŲٵİ֣һ֣ҲЩ鷳
Ȼ˿ڣǴ˴αһ´ٸˣȡֶĿһתص
ԣǽɫ˲࣬΢΢ţûô˵ֻУȴɭȻԹ֮ɫӿţһսǳɾֶȴǻɨأ
𣬿ɲһĴ
ֶĿ⵭Įɨ˽һۣеԹһЦѪҲͲٶʲôɵʱһѰᣬһɱˡ


İٶʮ 
׳ɱ⣬Ȼı䵭ǽԼǱĽǲɵýĿͶֶӰ֪սֶ֮ͷҲᴫǣֻа벽ǿ߲ܹӵ˵Ȩֶܹ벽ĽƵֵزȻҲͬӵȨ
ɫޱȣЩŤԹޱȵضֶȻɱȣȴףֶȼȻսȴǼ˵ǿҲԽܡ
͵ɣҳڵʥҧгݵйͷɱ뱩ŭ
ֶûԹĽĿƽɨһ۰һЦݵĺ裬һȻЩ飬ֶڵʵһλ벽ǿߣȻ壬λĻеǿȻಫƼֱٳѪֱܹӽǸɱˡ
һؼʱֶ̣붯ãѪУ籩¶ãǰźںҲûִ⶯֡
սĻ׳ȴ΢еŹ֣λûȥҲ˶
λѣ壬һҪҪֶĿ⣬ͻȻλڴ󺺣ٶȡ򣬵
ŶֶľٶڴҲһ¶ײӲӵݣЦȻôӣܲҪ
ĻҲúһҵļ۸һˣҲǼΪļ۸
ֶǰչֳʵҲõڴΪӣһʵΪǰֶ˵ڣ¾ͲʶȤˣһѶһ·ⲻֶ룬ڴͬţŵĽϵûɲܡ
ֶٶǺȴ΢ЩϾҲϵģֱֶӱˣҲЩӡ
ͷȻЩˬûǰǰвΪûãֶʵ
λѣһĥڴһֶԣֱȡһǬ˹ȥЦ
ֶֶ΢΢һЦӹǬͬʱҲ˹ȥû˵ԼʲôΪû壬ԶսʲôطûʵûʵЩܸ˿ĺô
Ǭֶ֣һɨǻԲȵҲǷһЩȶȣǰʣµǺܿҪӽˡ
ˣлһؽ鱦֪ĥûȤȻѰһˣֶҲٸʲôȸϽ룬ȻѪ˵
˵ŻʱֶһǴʢʥıǳУһɹǿɢ
ʥģǧ
ؽ鱦ô״ĥҲе⣬ǵݣ˭ûеؽ鱦˭Ҳ࣬˵ʱ͸ԼЩͬ飬ǿһʵҲǺõģֱֶһ֣ƴֵĽС
Ƶĥˬ죬ֶҲǲɵһЦЩĽǧ۾գգһ¡
ԶĽһĻɫ࣬Ȼϵóʥʢ鱦
ʵȤĻֶԼһѧֶֿϳۣҵҶҪ򡣡ĥĿ⿴ֶĿ⼫ΪƺֶܹƤ֮ӿĽâһ㣬ףǰֶܹ֮ӲܽľʴкܴĹϵΪǿѧԵʡ
ԣֶüͷһ£ĥ۹⵹Ǽ׼ҲѧԵʣȻܹ⡰Сǿ
Ǻǣѧвպȫˣлĥ֡
ֶȻûнС۵Ĵ㣬ѧѾǿ˱ˣ˵ǲСв˵ĥǿʶϾûôĽ顣
ֶĻشĥҲе⣬Ҳֻ˵˵ǿѧֶ߱ôܻó
ֶ֣ԵǲѰطģĥת⣬Цеص
ҲáԴֶҲûзԣĥȻ£ϵ֮⣬ҲǸôǵˣڵȻ˽Լ裬ѵĻҲǲѡ
ƵֶôӣĥȻҲǴϲæǰ·һ˱ڶĿע£뿪˽׳
ˣ
ֶԶȥıӰ̲סеıŭһƽԵʯĵ÷顣
СӲʡ͵ĵƣ˴ԶԿᣬֶһְ軺£ص
ʲôСܹҿ⣬ǽѧ֮ˣǵѧıȻԳʩչ´лᣬͬʱֶ֣νնɱʩչѧʱ䶼ûУɭɭص
ĥȻҪ£СӣպлᣬðҲˣǵˣҲһջ񡣡Ц
ģѾǿʱһܲ˫ȭգ֮УӿԹ֮⡣

ǽҲ˳ãֶֽǱǿʹ졣һ֮ϣĥֶ˷ϯЦϴ
ֶЦЦû˵ʲô
ִֶ˷ǣҲΪԶԿɣĥֶⲻȤһת
ǵģѵжԶԿȤôֶЦ
˵ҲǣǣǿƼм˲٣ͼǳɰǧĥҲһ̾
ֶ΢΢ͷҲǿ֣֮ʥֱܹмǴֻͼˡ
һ˵мУŰ벽ǿ˵У벽ǿ߿Ҳ٣˵ڵֶܹ벽ǿ߿⣬Ҳû취ȡ̫ơ
ĥ֣֪˴ԶԿĳֵص㣬ֶܷ֪Ŀһת
ǲʲôܡֶĥǴŴùϵͷ˵ûʲôֱӵԶԿĵطǾǲԶɽɽ֮Уڶ࣬вܹ벽ǿޣܻޡ
ޣ
ֶͷ΢ݣԶԿȻô׵õģҪôᣬСЩǿޱȵޡ
ɽһҹȣ˵ҹһλԶǿߵ֮λԶǿߣԶزеһػߣԶԿҹС
ٺ٣ǰһλóİ벽ǿǱҹУ˵Ŵϡѧҩ鱦֮Уһ괫˵е˵ֻҪܹܹЩ߼ʦͻƣʦĵزʱԸǿ

ĸֶԺʱһӿһĨŨŨϲ֮ɫ


İٶʮ 
һķʦ˵ͬĴڣ˵һЩ߼ʦܹĻпܹҪһ̤ʦĵز
ʦ൱ǿߣ
ңʦʦȻͬĲΣ˵ʦֻͣһֶԾǳϵĻôʦܹĳƵϵҡ
˵һЩǿʦܹԾķģ֮Ͷ䣬ӵĪܣʦǿߣҲ൱ļ֡
Ϊʦ·ǿһ㣬֮ǰֱͬնҲΪˣֶҹУȻʱľ̲סЩغ
ܹõźܴİճʦֻҪ̤磬պǿߣǲѪҲܹӵſ֮
ڵĽǶ˵ֶջžѵĳΣصҹȡ
ǺǣŲʦǵĿ꣬˵ⶫ˵ջԲ̫󣬵ܹõЩʦ˵ֵʮֶȣĥҲ⣬Ͼ̫ѵû˲ġ
һԵĪ֣ɫЩ仯ʮµðѻҵĲر⵹ǿչʲôȻֵǮ
ֶ˵ͷ֪Ǯ»ǵ͹ˣֻҪܹʦľ磬Ժǿ߿⣬ҪףЩǿҪҪģɲʲô򵥵ʮܰ쵽ģ˵ܻʮ汲ոˡ
˵ҹ౦ΣʵСǿػŸַӡǲҴӡ֮Уǰ벽ǿߣ˵ɹĴ˽ȥʱҲо綾ûñֱӱˡĥ죬̾
Դֶ⣬ԶսɲʲôƵأйȻض࣬û㱾µĻǹԹԵһطʵʵˣЩطѰұأǲѰ·ˡ
ǿƣɽڶ࣬ӦӦҲɣĪЦ
Ը޻У٣ڱǰǻ޸¡ĥЦ
Ī΢˵ͷȷȻ׺ݣĻȴǸΪթĸƤ˭֪Էʲô˵һ̻֣һ̣ѾذͱС
ĥ֣֪Уи߼򣿡ֶ΢΢һЦͻȻ
ĵƣΪɵģȻǿߣѰмӦǲȻˣǱֻиΪǿĸ߼ˣУȻǿ
вûи߼ȴ˴ԶԿᣬָ߼֪ϢѾԶززѰأЩ߼ҲǶԴ൱ѣ˭˵ɽУŸ߼ǱȴֵĻᡭĥҡҡͷ
ֶص˵ͷԶԿᣬȻǼΪļңҪɹãѶȲС
ڽʱУֶҲٶ̽һЩ鱨ĥùϵԶһЩ鱨Ҳ֪޲ԡ
˫ڳúֶҲǡ
Ǻǣֶ֣֮ǻۼɽʱǿͬУ;ҲЩӦվֶĥЦŵ
ţҲãǡ
ֶЦŵ˵ͷȻĥһȭŴĪתȥ
˵ıӰĥ˫΢УĿ˭Ҳ֪ʲô

ݡ
ֶԳӹ֮ظȥĪֶ󣬿һۺ󷽣ͻȻǴǼһ
ҲɣˣȻҿûôɵҲ˵ֱǰԼˣ˭Ųô£ǣ޷֣浽ձʱ˭Ҳ֪᲻ֶᷭЦ
ԣĪһǵֶǼһﵱеǹģƺֶñ
ֶЦЦĿ֮⣬ɽͬľް㣬ɢļµϢĥ鱨ҲõףҪɹĻԶԿŶôѣڵʵӦһЩǿмͱȽϳ˭Ҳ˵˷ᣬ᲻ŸΪǿĸ߼֡
Ѿ룬ʱ䣬뽫ѪֻĶһǮ
ֶ˫ȭգûоѪһȵըǿߣҪѹѪɷʧأһȻʲôľ棬ֻнѪɷ׾ⶫŻΪս⣬ҲԶԸЩǿߵʱ

ҹɫ𽥵ŴأȻӴĳУȴû˱üžҫŷԲ
ֳУ޶ǲ˵׺ݣϾҲǣΪҲ
ֶ˵ŵأǳбȽƫƧ򣬶ҲֶҪģҪѪܲСһʱǿ߲½鷳
һܹǿߵѪļֵһЩ߼ۣοЩмʱ򣬿һ۾õֶɱ

յʯУ͵ĵƹ⣬ɢγɵӰڵҡҷš
ֶʯϣĿ״̬ҹǴ㶯Ѫⲻֵըͷһ̣ʵ޷ģò״˵ʲôҪȽ
СʱҲֶӳצ趯һȦȦϺڹâӿʯҰ
ҷʯңĶᴫȥܷľѪСצӣ
ˣѪٳɣ٣ҵҪⶫ컹׵ȥ
šֶɫصص˵ͷһ֮Уʯһ͹֮УһѪⱩΪһѪӰӣʯ֮С
䣡
ѪӰӵĳ֣һɾ˵ɷ֮ʱõͬѪ֮С
ʯֶӳϵ͹âѪӰ֣ѹɷӿңϷҲкâѹѪʧȥơ
𣡡
ǿѹѪٻʱײ֮ɫӿҰް䴫
ߣοֲҰˣүôʰ㣡
СһߣצһӣǬֶзӶȻǳǧĻԲֶʹĿУǵصķӶ
һΣȻҪôˣ


İٶʮ Ѫ
Բĵҩڿʯ֮УӴһ֣ͬµĽ˲ʯڵԪȻûȡ
ֶһ̺ŨŨ֮ĿɫʣܹյĻ˵ܹںܿʱﵽ컯۷ĵزϧ࣬Ļԣ뽫øڵϣȻڵѪ⵶С
󣡡
СʯУצӽ趯ǱӰצ趯һϺɫĹҲצбӶȻཻ䣬ʯҵϷһΪɬ󷨡
ݣ
󷨵ۣСҲأצһӣʱХΪһ֮ڡ

ע̼õǴ֮ȼĻ棬ȻⲢʵĻ棬Ũ֮۶ɡ
֮ȼţʯڵ¶ȷ·ȻţֶǿԼоһ˿ȡ
𣡡
·ѪȻҲǲһֲĲ»ɷȻڣţʯγɵĹĻ
ֶ־Ѫɷʱ䣬ѹѪ¾ͽˣõƴ󣬿ҲκβˣһĻСһͺȵ
ţ
ֶصص˵ͷ֪¹ش󣬵ǷϴľŽѪӡõӡֶٶС֣ԼӡϾڵѪ𵱳Ȼǿ˲٣ִҪӣǿ߶޷
һĻֶԸѪкҪĵ֮һΪ˴ҲǷѾ˼ۼɣôܻٳʲô
ˣֶ̽ʯ壬ԪޱĺХ֮ڣʱ䣬ʯһһǿк£һ㣬ѹеѪ
䣡
ֶѹѪʱСצȻ£ʱ󷨱ǾҲһȫ֮γɵĻ֮֮к£ͬҽһ㣬ͷѪֶȥ
ͣ
ЩŨ֮ʴѪʱߵʱ֨֨죬ַӿɷ֮ĳˢ֮£Ҳһۿɼٶȵȥ
ÿһɷ֮ڻʱŸɷѪԴԴϵӿңѪļҲңǶԳײеѪͫضֶ䴫Ұް֮
Ѫȷ£ֶɫҲأܹоԼʯ΢΢ô˵ѪܹǿߵĴڣӵʯԼ壬ѹҲ൱ѡ
ֶѪɷأҪɷʱ䣬Ҫٿ󷨣ϾģѹѪֻԼ׼һ;⣬ûڵأСȵ
ţֶٶȵͷһ񾭱ýģѪͬһ϶ҪɱʱɾЩ鷳ˡ
СһҲͲٶ˵һȻǳ֮УʧŨ֮ڣس󷨵תٶҲǶȻӿ죬ԽԽŨĻк㣬·Ѫ֡
𣡡
űʯ𣬽ʯҶöСͲ󷨣ʯҶñɷ֮屬ȥǣǲߵĲ
䣡
ԽԽӿ֮УͬʱҲạ̊́úֶЩ仯֮ӵϴ跥ǵЧʱҩˣҲɶҩö۶ɵ֮𣬾ֶСǿ̶ȣմȾ¶ҪʹòҺ
ʯ֮УѪ𽥵ؼӾ磬ƺҲǸо˼ȵĲҲڷķţʯγɵĹĻҲǱѳһЩƣֶľףֻҪѪͻƹĻһУữΪС
ⶫ
ֶ͵һҧһ蹬зӶѪ֮£ΪһȦڶӿ
ڶĳ֣֮ҲʱǴѪɷҲǱڶɣһǼһЩ󷨵ѹ
ֻһ㣬õֶЩͷ󺹣Ĳٿ򣬾ǿҲеԲҲͣҧҲֱӸѪȥˡ
ѪɷȻʲôһʱ֮ϾѪɷҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ŴԼ֮ҪҲʲô򵥵¡
ˣһĳʱ䡣
֮ڣֶľʱ̴ڽ״̬û˿иһ۾УѪ˿ΪŵԵʣƣǱѹ۾

֮ͬҽ㲻ϵк£ֶѪĿУ·Ѫϡ
ʱľѪֱޱȵɷǵţԭɺ壬ҲתһֻɫȻͬ޵ĺ죬Ȼûֱ塭
һĻֶǲѪ˿УҲӿһĨο֮ɫĿ൹ûװôǼ
ͣ
ֶΪʱǹĻУѪٶȱ͵İһɷҲ֮ĳˢ£׵ı
һ˿ɷɢѪ壬ͬȣԭͷڵһӡǣҲڴ˿ɢΡ
ֶʹþѪѪ֮ӡСĺڴ˿͵
Сֶ͵һ񣬵ȴʱ䣬һ̣һҧ⣬һѪĿ£׼Ѫ䡣
֨֨
ѪѪ䣬һЩѪϵضѪͷ֮ʴȥʴԭޱȵѪҲûаķЩѪУ䣬ٶγһӡ
ˣ
ӡʱֶԺʱһ֮һƿ֮УȻǲƣϣҲӿһĨοЦݣ֪ӴԺѪֶã
Ҳõı䷴ɣ
⽫۳Զսһ


İٶʮ 
ֶʯ߳ʱĪȻصһ֪䣬ǽֶСŶӵĺģƺֻеʱŶӷܹ
⼸ûʲôɣɹշѪֶҲԵЩĿƣҲǵ˲٣һһԾСףЦ
ȽƫƧҲûôԵûʲôĪЦЦǵԽԽ֣ÿ춼ŸӿΪ׼ɽԵʡ
ֶ΢΢ͷɽڶ࣬һȻܳɹĵִҹȣǵڶǿߣַܹɹĵִҹ֮ǰȻڵȵִҹȺ󣬸ᱦ͵ÿԵıˡ
ĥһΣڱչأ뿪ˣʥǺܰǽƺҲǶܼɵĪЦЦֶǽô죿
ǿһɽ֮вǿޣҲý˵ȻҪ˳ִҹȣҲסֶ
ֶĻȻҲû˷ԣ˽ǵ˵ͷҹе౦ǵҲЩΡ

գҫӴĳʱ̱˾˵ɧ֮ƷӰͬȳӳЩ˵һĶǼΪĻȣȻʱ䣬ҹеıأ˼¡
ֶһҲ׼ȫϣǶ֮ӶȥԳǽʱɽ˺ǵƣֶЩ𺳣ܹԶսģһЩˢӵˣǸԵҲܹţôƼһģҲȷе׳ۡ
ֶ֣ǳˡ
ֶΪǰһĻʱһЦͻȻԺֶתͷȥֻƷһƬӰĳǽ֮ϡ
һȺˣСŽ֮൱˾ǣǰĥ˴ﵽ˰벽ĵزȣֶߵݾʵЩף٣һλ벽ǿ߶ûС
ԣȺʱһЩ˿ǵĿ⣬ҲǴЩмǶмֶݣһ֪ЩС
ֶĿƽɨһۣЩмĿ⣬üͷ΢΢һ¡
ĥ˵λܹôĥԣһźµĸŮӣŮòΪĹϣȻһ˿ؿֶһۣȻû˵ֲмеĻ֮ɫȴ൱Ũ
ŮӣֶҲĸв죬ΪԷòΪһԶս̤˰벽Ůӡ
컯ɣʵɽ߶ЩѰһλͨȴɢһ֮ӣҲƽص
Ǻǣֶֿɲֻܹ⣬ҵջѹ÷Ǳ˿ɲֻܱ氡ֻɵĿĥǶֶǸһЦ
ϣɡ
ԣǺŮӶ˲ÿɷ񣬹ֶ£ǵղֳֻºţ˵ֶܹеЩ죬ҲֹڴˣϾУֶĵȼֻ컯ɶѣܹ벽֣ӦҲǱȽǿ
ֶ֣ܣλǴ档
ĥָλźµŮӣָĿͨˣλƵ۹λǰ벽ǿߣ˷ɽǽеĻҲܹһֱգǺǣ˵Ƚֱûпֵֶ˼֮
ĥȻ˳ô׳ȻҲ˼ϸˣֶΪ˵Ļ٣Цա
ֶ΢΢ͷ˹˹֣˼״ҲǵĻһ˵ǵжֶʵЩɣϾҲʲôˣֶ̬ͣȻҲûѵ뷨ǿֶʵУĥϣһ̱ǡ
ҿԱϵò࣬Ͼͻɽˡ˫ʶḩ̂ͷһ۳ǽ˺
ֶٶȵͷĿĴһɨȻǷ˲ǵȦӣǸ˴£ʱγһѰĹϵͬ
٣ĥòȥôˣҲ£ЩˣֶĿɨųǽʱͻȻ䣬һЦ
ֶ˫۱΢΢һУתͷȻǼһȺǿλȻԹĽ
ֶĿ⣬ɨԣ˵йһ֮Եĺ裬λ̤˰벽ǿߣǱߣȻλ벽ǿߣĥߣȻǿ˲ֹһΡ
ĥԼƬuɫҲ΢΢һ֮䣬Ҳ㲻̫ѺãοԷУβסĳЦ֮⡣
˵ͷ΢ŭڽһǿݣĥˣֻһûж˵ʲô
СӣҪΪ˸ɽܸǣȽɽǶѱϣܹųһЦĿͶֶУŨŨԹ֮ӿ
ͷġֶƽûΪӵ벽ǿ߱еɵǸ̲ģǽЩ
Сӣ͵ɪɣȽɽڵġɭɭؿֶһۣȻĥ˵ĶԹǶӦ֪ʶĻʱҪ֣ҷˡ
ߣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣĥɫ΢Щ̫ÿôвҲ̫ˡ
Ϊ֮ΪһɵˣԼɲ㣬ȴǲĥŭһЦǴ³ǽ
ĥƬuŽ˵ıӰɫѿǵҲû뵽Ȼܹô
λԹҿһǶˡֶ˫΢еջߣͻȻĥ
ֶʲôȻ㵱飬ȻʲôǽҲЩԹ뿪ˣǴᣬǻᶯ֣һҲӦȻֶĻĥȴǺԥĳ
ţȻֻ컯ɵʵһܹǶһһ𣬼ɽǣҲЩɵƬuҲǵؿڵֻŮãǻȴԵе̶⻰ô;ΪֶҪǵıһ㣿
̶̶ֶǵֻشԸ⣬Ͼ˫ֻʶȴܹڵǰ䱣ֹϵһ㣬õֶԵһЩǵľ衣
ˣֶ֣ҲͲҪƴˣʱҲˣҲɣȸҹ˵
ĥֶļȻҲ˵һһµ³ǽȻԶӴޱȵɽȥƬuҲǽϡ
ֶ״ֻ̯̯֣ȻĪһ֣ҲǸȥ
ǽܹλ벽ǿߣóͲСһҪʲôͷĻֶҲ⣬ɽУһˡ


İʮ ɽ
ɽվɽ֮ͬ㣬ƣԼ䣬һͳ񱩵޺֮дɽ֡
ɽڸ֮ڣӦΪĵ޲Ӵ󣬶޴ڣô˴Ϊ˺ܶеĽأѰԲ˸Ҵ֮С
ȻʲôɽҰȺͬȳسɽʱ֮еӴɽʱøɧ
ȻִĴ룬ȻɽЩķԣȳӰɽ󲻾ãһҽԼ˻ҲǴ˷ɽд
Զսޣ׺ݣٶһǵԣȺȻ޺ηĳһЩ˴˲С鷳
ֶһ˲ûйڵĿǰλڴ󲿶ڲλãһ·˵ҲһЩ޵ĹϾֻ©֮㣬Ҳûж̫谭
ЩǲöԸ
ĥһȭսһͷдܳȻĳצ˺ѿŽӲĵؾ״ĥüͷҲ̲סһ壬Щεص
ֶ̧ͷĿĴɨɨΧڴɱһɵѪζɽӶҲЩۣףǲǴɽΧˣ룬ĵֿңɽȻѰܹȥġ
ЩСС֣ĹӦûϣʱЩˣٻˮ֮һΪƬuĺŮӣĿ˿ȻЩأҲĿ¡
Ļͷ΢΢һͻԶսҹſԣǽøΪ׺ѰʱֻƾųҹɫʴɽƵûĵطûгеǱЩ׺ݵ޲ǽ൱Ĳпᡣ
ĥҲɫصص˵ͷĿ⿴ֶƬuˣҹɫ٣ǱӪ˾һ𣬵ޡ
ĥĻ˷ԣҹɫе޼£Ϊ׺ݣҲӵĺηǣԪȴǻܵѹƣսΪ
ֶջĴɨĿ⣬ǵĸȻ٣ȴͰһ飬γ˸ִССȦӣǵȦӣ󲿶ֻ֮һ㡣
ֶ֣ϵĻۣȻ֣¾˰еĥͻȻֶߣ
ԣֶ΢΢һ˵ͷĿ⿴ҷԶ֪⻹⣬ǽȻû̫ԶҴǱʱʱͶĿõ֪ǽӣ϶õǰȡ
ݣ
ĥ²ãǺ󷽰ͻȻƷֶ֮ǱǼӰЩ԰ӹľٶȻһЩĿ⣬ЩĿƵЩϵĻʱĿ⡣
ǿݣУŲʮλ벽ǿߣǺηȻǿ᣿ֶҲЩȵŰգ
ǴԪĥЩηؿЩӰһۣԪǿ֮һǣҲǸ߼֮УֻΪһЩ˥ˣǵ̣ȴԶЩƽмɱȵġ
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ǣ޷쵽Щ뿪ȡǿӲֶΣΪ֮


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İʮ ӿ
̵գҹ֮⣬е·ڴ˿ʧȥΨһ𺳵Ŀ⣬֤ǰǾһ
Ӯˣ
ԪЩѵŤżѵĲӣͬ۾Ҫ͹־૵ص
־ûлشͬʱıǹѹţðκ󣬷𽥵ѹŻǱɢͷǻص˵ͷ
ڵͷʱ־ͷҲӿҹԭֶ̬е㲻Ͼֶ£ȴ֧űǮǰڣֶǰ̬ȣһֻȻ
һܹ֮ʮֵںĳ棬ʲôӵǵȱǮǰһУ־֪ĻܹҲȻܵشϾṳ̂ǿȣԶԶȲϻ־߱ˡ
󷽵ЩڴһƬ֮Ҳ½½˻عǻֱ֮˶Ǵֶ֣ͷҲ൱ļ
ĥ˼ѹе𶯣Ŀ⿴Եѵˣֻͬһš
ô˵ֲֶǳˣǻţ
ĥĴЦЩտʼʱǻûֶʲôأΪһֻҪǻ쵽ҹȡ
ӹڲԶİգƵɫ΢е粻ֽȻҲԶԶĳϡ
Ϊǿߣǳ컯۷֮ŶôӴĲ࣬ճ¾վһ컯۷ȫԶʲô˺ΣȴЩʧ㣬Ͼ˭벻ֶȻܹʩչǿѧ
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ƵĿ⣬ضֶ촽ɫЩģǱߵĻҲ𽥵ؼضԷǿ߷
ڻĿ⣬ֶȴֻһЦôԼˣ
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˵Żʱһۺ󷽵īĻûнҲǰȻǡ
ǰĶԼҲͬ˵ģǷڵĻպ󵹻īһЦȻжΪ㵣ʱ򷴻ȻʲôǵľҲΪǵЩҹȻǴʲô鷳ǰΪ㵵ֶҲͬˡ
īȻǿóֶһУӦǿѧֻƣҪ˵߲һ֮ϡ
ǿ󣬲컯˿ġ
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Զī԰£Ŀ⽻֯һ£ǿЦҡҡͷû뵽
СӵȷЩŹ֣ǰʩչѧǴﵽ˸ߵ컯ѧǿȣõҾȵǣ컯۷ʵôܹǵȿµĿ⿴һӢ۰ֶ
һ൱ѧЩƣҲóϣȷЩŹ֡ǰ˫ڽʱīȻʱעֶȻҲǲ˺ߴ߶СʱɵһЩ춯
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߰ɣȽȥ˴ȺԶԿĹǵˣ䡣תͷ֮еҹȣ˵һȻҲͲӣһӣһӳǿҲѸٸȥ
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Ƕǽҹ֮﷽ų׵ƽĿȴ䣬ɢһЩ⣬ҹ֮УЩĽ룬Ȼǲ


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Ϊ׵Ľ٣ҲҹУ׵ϢɽУڶ࣬ЩƺҲΪ˵죬ȥ磬ܹ׵磬ޣΪѲ
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ֶ֣ıҹһ·ȥڶ࣬Ƕǰ벽ǿ߶СĽҲһϣȳȥΣԪ˿ΧȻЦֶ
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ߣҡֶתͷĪԼĥкһȦУֶߣҶĻĥƴӣǴϣһ飬ҲһС
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ֶĿ⣬ɨĿⷿλһݻƵСԶԶȥ֦辣·Ȼɵطģ䣬Ź֮ͨ档

һİĹֶ˫ۣҲһɲǣ˼㡣


İʮ Ʒ
ŨҩǵȾ˵ҲһԵĥĿɿڴЩصʯҵҩ
ֶһǻ߽ʯң߽ܹʯҵӴʯ֮УŲٵҩֶȴûнͣǵϣضԶŲȻӿ졣
Ī˸ֶ󣬴ʱҲǷֶĿ꣬е𶯣˵Ҳ֪ҹĴڣɵǰʱ׼ȻͷЩƽ
ǺǣֶǺãϢ˭Ǽ٣û뵽ǲŽﲻãǽˡĥЦŵЩۣϡȻ֪Ҳʲôʶˣһ·ֵֶƽƽΪִһˣңֶγ֣ǽǳ׵׵塣
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ĥȳʱһӰȰ԰бӶգĿӸµ·ĥˣϻһĨмЦǸҴ·ķϣҲɱǣɡ
˵ŻʱӰ˽Ųһ̤һɰϢӿĥɫ˲ʧе
ģһǴðģȻһǿߣĪֶ
ֶ˫΢Уȴе֣֪ԶԿģɲֻԼǰУȻ˻񣬶ˣӦñ֮һ
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ĥ˵ҹ⣬ֶǿһ˻ƣȴ˵;߱ʸ񡭡ڣѾûνĶԼǼŭصǿߣ׶༪١
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ȻֶĵȴǸõǻ紦ѡ
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Ρ
Ǳŭ˼ĺӰˣĥ֪ǿߣǵﶨˡ


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˼ȻҲǼֶҹ뻪ƽֵһĻȴ̲סҪЦֵĻֶǵʵ߲ʮغϡ
ֶЦЦûзͬҲûйԹԽƷĽļ󣬶ٶҲǺӰ䡣
·ĥһĻɫҲЩ԰ףҹ⣬˵Ҳֶ뻪ƽ֣ǱϾֻһԼĻɲӰȻҲʲôֶ࣬ƷĵĻưոݡ
ĥǵĲ԰ȣĪȻͷҲһʱ侹ЩäĿѡֶԶսҲһʱˣʼգֶڸչ¶漣·ĵƣһһԶƲһ㡣
ʯ֮УЩ䣬һ֮Ȼɢõɫò
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ӲǿһȭȻδ˼ֶĥˣʱһӶǸеЩݺ

УǺӰҲһֶƤֵĽ⣬ʲôЦԭһѧѹô񣬲Ϊƾǿ߿Ļֻܸ㣬Ҳ̫˵㣡
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Ӱ˱ӶһΣȻǳ׵Ľ߶зŴĽ⣬ֶҲЩأǰ潻棬ǿߵǿܹƾСֵչ鲻ƾ俹⣬ʵ̫֮ࡣ
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ӰӿŤȻһȭ׵ĺʱƺǼֶһĨŪ

˼ֶǳŪ˼һͻȻֶţһֻͬȭͷصȭ磬Ȼײ
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ΪһӳǱһһѪˣȻһλصǿߣ
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ǵĿ˳ſȥһͨӰǿòһӰ֮ɢǿ󲨶õǵ˼Щľ֮󣬷һ˿˿𾪵˼૵Ĵ֮д
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ӰվֶȻûκĶǾֹ䣬ȴһļµĲֵɢ
һƬǽʯ֮У˿ԵЩѻȸĥĪ軹ǺӰǿߣһ𾪵ߣֶĻӰ
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ĥŵǿɴδֶǿߵػҿĪ־ģȻҲǲ֪顣
ԭĵơ
ǺӰǿ߻ĨȥǵѪ˻ƶص۹ȻԶĥˣܹоһӰûһȻⶫӦһ
ˣӰǿ̲סؾҳ鴤һ£ѪĿЩɵֺ̰ö߱
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һǿߣġǿߡֶ־ǣ
ֶÿɷЦЦĿⶢǺӰǿߣ΢Ц㻹ô
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ԶԿ
ֶͫڶǹ֮ڵĶʱͫһͬʱ䣬Ҳܹоʯ֮ڵС·Ǽ


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ǱΪĹʦֵӣҲ΢΢̧ͷ¶һЩ԰׶ӣֶһۣȻ󵭵ص
Ĺʦ֣һһΪǿᣬ֡ǺӰĹʦеĲ⣬æ

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־ԪһۣǴӶԷпŨŨ֮ɫų׵׹ΪʲôǣСʵ컯۷ֶû˿ļɵԭУǿĵơ
һǿˡǻԼīˣͬŨŨľ֮ɫû뵽ֶȻصô
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ңĹӿǿ󲨶ȷԶԵǿߣҲԶȻƣī˸Ϊǿ󡭡
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ڣеžǱǰǳĹʮ壬״ҲӹһĨЦת󲽵ǴĹţȻڻƶ˻عɲǣһѱץǹš
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ͻһĻõ˶һ㶣ȻৼĿתһعš
ֶץסǶǾԶԿ
ʱСϲҲֶ쳹õУҲӿһĨϲɫȻû´


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ŵĳ֣Ȼͻأе˭Ǹ֪֮ˣڹųֵһ̱ڶĿɨȻ˵ͫףǶȻһ
䶯УһɵԿ·֣һĲɢõͷΪ֮𶯡
ԶԿ
һӹ˵ԺУȻһ̣Ȼ𣬾ǲ׷ʹʯһѱǶŹźݺݵץȥ
һĻֶȴһЦƽģЩһĴ
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ҾţҾͲţǲٳ֣
Ĺ˫ɺ죬ͬĶͽһ㣬ɫǳɱõ˺ë

ͻȻʧһֶܹоһѣδԺӶǰҲǱһƬڰֱһ㾰ûг̫ãǰĺڰǶȻѣȡ֮ģһƬ谵Ĺâ
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ȻֵӰõֶһ£ǲӰУû˿Ȼƺһź
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ӦñʯˡֶĿ΢΢һƣȻź˫ּ䣬һöŻɫԿףöԿףԼ˫ƴСЩ⣬ľľһЩص·䣬һļµĲ
ԶԿ
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ֶӿţһûаĳɣֱһѶԶԿץ˹ȥ
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ֵֶɲǣһ磬Ȼ֣ⷬͻıʣֶķӦһ£һӳΪһ׳˶Ӱ

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ֵˣֶеĳĹԼƵκһˣһλźɫȹŮӡ
Ůӽ޳Ե£˿ī٣ͬһұ͸һɾ˵⣬һ˫ˮģͷһ
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ܹڳĹǵǿ֮ǰ˵ĲټǰĴսУֶȴûзӰȻŮ˴һʼڰϷʵĻɲʲôŮܹӵеġ
Ȼλ˺ҿǱҵĶɣûŮŵֶЦĿȴǲźۼһźеԶԿ
ɲŮӴҲҪװʲôţҸϲŮŮȻһЦǶһգɫıӱг֣һ·Ǳĺ䱬ȥɢĲõֶ΢΢һŮ˵ʵ±ǳĹҪǿ
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ٺ٣ǳĹǿ϶ţԶԿȥҲ߲ˡֶĿת
ĹħôԣǺŮӴ΢΢һƣе㲻м߰Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǶֶЦСܵܣ÷㶯أҾãƾҪס㣬еѶء
ȻôҪԶԿĻδҲ̫ûˡֶʼ磬˵ĻõǺŮӴͷǿֶһͷϲ̫ˡ
ǾͶлСܵ˰
ģŮȻȻһЦгһǶźеԶԿƶȥ
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Ȼ䳤޶ɲǣǾվһѪȻ׺ȭ磬ĵͷǶźŮŭҶȥ
˦ʱطǲܣŮӵҲͷǷֻˣҲرܿѪĹƣͬʱеĳޣҲƫ˷źԱߵĵذϣһ۵ѷ졣
ҲڳʱֶӰǿسź֮ԣĿУ˸ΣζĺŮӲһЦ
ǸУԶԿһ㡣
£ƣһץԶԿɡ


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ͻıʣȻҲõǺŮ΢΢һ£Ȼû뵽ֶһǹץסһˡ
ǸȤļһ㻹С˰ҪڽԶԿ²ʶʲô򵥵ء
˵ⷬЩ⣬ֶȻҲǵ͹Ůӵֻͣϸһǻ쳤ȻһֹĻȣضֶӲƶȥ
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ĵϮĻޣֶһѪٶȳ׺ȭ磬ͬ籩һ㣬ǺŮֶȥ
ѪǺŮӶļɵȻҪԶԶĳֶϸƶȻһ˿ѷɫĹϢȵӿֱѪӲӲĽӴ
飡
ͳڰдۻľ粨Ҳϯ
ںŮѪ뼤սʱֶҲһ޾ţ־£ͷȴԽԽŮʵЩܹѪĽв·磬ܹĿ޲ֶ޷ȡԶԿ
ޣȻҲѰ֮棬һֶֻ֮ӴǸоڵѪҺŷڵļ󣬲ڽ֮İԵҲǿеѹȥ
ܸȥ
ֶĿ˸Ůأ˭Ҳ֪زֶ֪ΣĻȽԶԿõ֣ȻϽ뿪С
Ȼ㱾Ķ֣Ҫƾŷٿһؽ鱦סңδҲ̫Сֶˡ
ֶһˣָһһڹǱӶӭ籩ǣΪһɫɽ壬塣
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һ֣һȦڹӿ£һǿǽǻֶ£ʱ䣬ɵٶȣ˲䱻ֶǳƹǻýڽڰˡ
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ֶҲ˵Ů˵ʱ򣬶ִΰĸоڽֵֶȴ֪Ůֵĺݶȴһ㶼ΪĻ¾õùˡ
ֶ뵹ùԶŮӵĻѡԵˡ
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ֶǺŮαҲǴһͺһŵӿ޳ֱóӡһǿĲȻɢ
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ȵԪͬˮԺŮƼ䱩ӿգۼ䣬γһֻڰ׵ĹӡƣƲ󣬵ӿĲȴõûǿ߶ɫá

û˿ԥֱϯӡѪ֮ϣʱһ˵Ĳͬ쫷ϯںŮһ£ǿѪǱʮϣҲһӡۼ¡
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⺷ηѪǺŮӣĿ΢΢һҧȻҲǸеΪļ֣ѰʱҲؽǰȴûʱ䣬ֶǱ߲ϵѹĻޣڻ޵ĿƣҲԽ΢ȥԶԿ䵽ֶС
ŮĿ˸ţƬ̺Ǻݺݵһҧϸָһ㣬һľѪָ͸ѪҺ󣬾γһصѪ
⣡
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ѪѪ֮ʹţѪȴޱȵļ̣һʱᣬȻѪǳ岻
ʱסѪŮתĿ⣬΢е԰ףǰѪΪĲС
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Сܵܣǰѽ˰ǼֶѹöõĻޣŮĿ΢У
ֶĿɿƳһǱסѪҲΪŮӵֶһ£Ŀһ͵һץźеԶԿ
ǺŮϵһ֣һӣһڰ׽ĹֱֶӺݺݵضֶ˹ȥһǱУֶСҲǵóơ
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ֶץסԶԿɲǣޱȵĹҲǹƼֶʱһ˶׳β͵ֶбӶβ֮ϣϺɫݺݵغǹ֮ϡ
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ô˻ֶͷһ𣬵û˿ɣһԪӿеԶԿڡ
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˵ŻʱֶеԶԿʱռ䶯һƾ£ǺŮֶߵ壬ҲڹУ
ڹ£ǺŮҲЩ콻棬ĺǼãʱȻǳֶ¶һЦݣֻǴ³Ļȴõֶǳ˳
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ǵý֣º籣Ҳǵã´Σ¾ûôõ
ճڹĻʧٻӰֶҲǳһŮˣ̫Ѳˡ


İʮ 
Ϊº籵ĺŮӱǿ߳Ƭռ䣬ֶظһһУѪҲǺѪӡȵֶԡ
ŮӲ֪ʲô·ȻѪκβֶ˿ѪϵӡüͷҲ΢΢һ壬Ů˵ʵ±ǳĹʤֶ֮Ҳ൱ǰȻѪǱסССװкֵĻֶֶֻܼˡ
˵ŮŪˣⳡ棬ҲֶʤһֶҲֵ֪˽ˣº米Ư˵ҲǺͺֶףԽŮԽѲôҲ֪պʲô鷳
üͷһᣬֶЦЦЩҲ̫һ㣬Ů˾ʲôݣԶԿڱصãһΣҲ˿
ҪΪǿߣȻηĴڡ
ٺ٣Ů˵ǹζѰ˿ƷСʱҲ˳Цеص
ֶһۣȻеԶԿ߰ɣˣҲ뿪ˡ
뿪˭֪ʱȥǲǻǴУǳĹղŵº˵ȥСЦ
ԣֶɫһ䣬Ĺº籵ĻɾЩˣڵʵʵ޷ǿ߿⣬ѪԼܹٻԶĵƣ־棬Ȼ׶༪١
Ҳһֱضﰡֶ
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ֶӿϲ֮⣬Ȼǲ㽫ǸոյֵƷĸˣʦҲ൱ǿߣʱ򣬵ȷǲ³Ĺ
ԶսУֻŴﵽǿ߷ŻȨ
Ȼ˶ƣֶҲû˿ˮֱӾ͵£һգö·ȻƷģǳС
Ʒģһֱ֮ɫȻǵǿУƺ̺żΪǿţֶǸоľ紦Ȫ֮һ㣬º͵Ĳ蹬ɢš

ǿֶҲӹһĨ֮̾ɫ
ƷģȻѣӵҲ̫ĵģպܷɹͻƵʦĵز͵ÿԼĻԵˡСһԵ
ֶ΢΢ͷһСӳһͺ𣬻Ϊս״̬ԡ
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ػԵССԼѪֶŷһЩ˫ĿϣеƷҲƯϣͷ֮ǰͣٶɫĹâ˸ţȴȻδ͸С˵ⶫûе
ӵֶ˵Ȼ߱ʲôѶȣóıκת£ǽᱻΪΪԭʼ
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Щıӿ룬ֶ蹬Ҳһѩһ㣬һ־˵ٶȣŷ츲صı仯
ԭ蹬ڣһƬ磬ΨУȥŻ֮ɫδء
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ԴֶҲ׼ʦ׽ĻЩռðʧܵΣճԿ
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ֶԣССҲǰصȴţһΣֶܹ˳ĽʦĻôҲԶսǿ֮С
ռ֮ڣžȻС۾عעֶʱ˭δ֣һ˿޵Ӻڶɢ˿ڲԶһź֮ϡ
͡
䣬źǺƤ£·һ֮⡣

ֶ֪Ҫ蹬ڵһСҪ̵ʱ䣬Ȼûϵһۣһ¡
һڣ˿Ǻڶ֮ڵƷģҲǴӵۻ룬Ȼе𽥵رֶ˿ľɶȥ
һԵСɢ΢âͷȴ΢΢һܹоһ£ֶľһ־˵ٶţ̶ֳȣȻûдﵽͻʦĵزƷı֮ǰֶ蹬ڵСȻûеϣôһҪûͻʦԸͽᱻٶϺ󣬶˵ȻʲôϢ
Сĵ֮£ʱȥǺڶ֮еƷģһҲУһ׵ɢȥ

״СҲһ̾̾Уֶǽһµ˫ۣҲ˿һЩЦʧ
Ͳһˡ
ֶЩεҡҡͷȻû뵽Ʒ֮ȻδܳɹͻƵʦĵز
зʧֶվȻʣȴڴ˿̶ȻֻǲԶźͻȻըһĻâһ־˵ٶӳֱǴֶܽԺ֮Уʱߵ壬Ҳ˲佩Ӳ
ᣡ
һԵСҲΪһĻһ㶣жʱ˵֮


İʮ 
ͻıʣȻ˵ϣϼ޻Сδϵ仯ķӦǺܿ죬̱ǲʲôһ൱µĵزֶʶһ˵ļ¡
ᣡ
ҧгݰıشСбĳĿ⿴һǱըźǰһâӦλǿ߲һӡ־ӡһ˵ֻҪֶȥʬǲǰֶƷʱɢȴǼǱصľӡӶҪǿжȡֶ塣

һԵС׷·ҲǲʲôƬ΢΢˸âϵضֶͳ
ֶ壬Ӳԭأ˫۶Ǳãʱʱ˸֮ɫʱ蹬ڣҲǱƵ췭ظһâֱǳ蹬УȻΪΪµķ籩ֿ񱩵˺·Ҫֶľ׵˺һ㡣
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ģ
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彻ңҸ
ɫķ籩ʴȴδͻֶǹķǷ籩֮УͻȻ˼Ϊ΢
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֨
籩ѹ֮ϣʱ޴ѹһѹɢֶ䣬ͷҲһ󷢺ݣһĴ߶֮һΣֱǶǷ籩ʴȥȻҪĶǿˣ
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Сӣ壬ĸڤ粻飬㽫㾫񳹵״ɢɢ籩֮УһŭȴȻû뵽ֶȻ˵Ѳ
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СͻԮֶ֣ʱһ
蹬ڣӿֻǻ֮УһֻӴޱȵľ֣Ǿ޴˫գضһ㣬Ƽľˡ
ֶҲЩ𾪵ǻеȻӦñСʵ壬û뵽˵ġ

Ƿ籩֮УͻȻҲǴһЩ𾪵ȻϳȻ
۵Ķ˶һľӡҲ˷ˣȻ㶼ˣҲͱˣ
еȻ壬޴˫͵ʱ籩ϯĺǷ籩֮ϡ
˵ڵСֻ״̬Ҫ˵Ծó̶ȣȻֶɱȣﶯֶ֣ΪǿᣬͶ䣬ڱž˵
飡
Ƿ籩ֱǱ籩ýڽڰˣǳ׵ıըһֵĻӰǳֶע֮¡
Ӱȫ͸Լ仹ܹһòȻǰֶźȫͬ
Ȼһڸֶһŭ˵ĵˡ
ֻҪСӵѣҲֻ״̬ܹܹҲһСӣάʲôǻӰĿ⼫ΪɵŻеȻȵ
үСôãûͷһҲүǰף
СǼĺֶ˿ܹʱɫеѿһ˵ĶЩʲô
СȻӰκεĻᣬڰУǾ˵ɽľ죬ȻſһϺڹȻӶȻ˺ѻ磬һּ˿µٶȣݺݵغһӰ֮ϡ
Ȼ˶ˣͲҪ֣׵İϢɣ
СȣһӰҲӹһĨ־֮ɫ壬ȻըһӡֱǱСӲĺ䱬ȥ

ǵӰըʱһɼΪۻǿľ蹬ڱ
ֶЩʦЩɢʱСĺҲֶ
ԣֶͷҲ΢ݺݵص˵ͷһȻϯΪһ޴ĺڶһ̬Щʧȥ˾ӡľɶ
Ӵľɣֻ蹬ڣٶȳ˱ã֮ɫѸٵˣطǣԼ䣬·쳹
ʱ蹬׵׵ܱһСء
Ҳس׷֮ʱһ·Ȼֶľ˲ǿ
žԽԽǿᣬֻǷСУۣ䣬۳һӰӰֶľ֮壡
ֻ֮壬ɢľ񲨶ҲԶԶĳ˸߼ʦܹӵеĽޡ
ʦ
ֶƻգȵľҲӿ˿ϲ֮ɫǳɹĽһ


İʮ ʦ
㳡֮ϣֶǽӲõ壬ڰһľ屻ݻٶ𽥵ػͬʱ䣬һɹɾ˵ľ񲨶ϵ蹬ϯⷽأǲ
ֶľ֮ǰֱԵ㣬ͬ컯֮ӴޱȵĲһ㣡
ֶյ˫Ŀ˫֮У貵ľҪ۳ʵһ㱩Ӳĺʯ棬ֱǱ˺ѿһѷ죬㾫Ǵﵽһ൱ǿĵز
һԵСףֶѣǻ貹âۼף𽥵ػָŴԴǵĹ˹ֶ塣

ֶһɻһľɫȻǰǰõΪܾһСֵĻ»ǻüΪ鷳
һ￴ҲʲôöСʱٶȴֶֶһǱըźȻ
ֶ˵ͷǵҪȡĲҲǴлһЩλǿǰһЩ䣬ּУһȷʲôˣõЩϲǣЩУһЩصľֶΣֶ˵һ콵ơ
ڵ̤ʦĵزھãȻΪĴǳЩУõ˲ٴ߶ֶԼؼһЩȱ
⣬ڵõЩ뾫йصķḻʱֶҲЩУһЩԶزйصϢ
ЩģļУ˽⵽ԶزƺǵһΪǿ֮еıأΪˣ⣬һҲԶزصػߣеԶԿ͵Ϯһλزػߺ󣬴ã˵ɹĻԿҲǱλػߴˣŶˣȴû뵽Ȼ֣֮õԶԿֶ
ߣֶеԶԿֻһѣİѣֻͬʱİԿܹԶزء
Ҳ֪Կ˭С
ֶüͷԶزô˵ĻػĴĿ⣬Щ߼ȻҲᶯԿԶԿϢȥвС鷳
뵽˴ֶ˫΢УȻһЦδ̤ʦ֮ǰ˿ĹЩǿߣοǳɹ̤ʦڵųĹǲƾѪҲܹһս
һҲѩ̿
ǹɼ䣬ֶҲӿЩϲɫһǰˣʵȷܹõЩ䣬ֶ˵ڵõһߵ컯ѧ
СлˡֶĿתСЦ
ףлңͰҰתֵŪ֡С˷ۣȻֶɨɨʦӡּʦоӡԪ൱ÿһεĽ蹬СضܱԽƣôﵽӡزСرַ츲֮仯ʱּ䣬ܹء
ֶʼ磬ûϸʲô仯ڵһӡʦ㲻ϣھӡޱȵңԶʱ̫Ҳʲô¡
İɣԶԿѾ֣ԶزǱضҪȥģʱһᾡȫΪתֵ
ֶЦЦЩ֮Ҳ񣬼С˵ҲᾡȫΪתֵ
СӦһ˵ģϸܵУȴͬһЩж֮ɫӹ
ֶҲС̬ȣתͷĿԿռ֮ɨɨ˻֣߰ɣҲ뿪ˡ
һ£ҲǸóȥˣֶڵʵǳĹ˻Ҳܹȫ˵
˾ֶҲͲʲô֮٣һеԶԿɢһǿ⣬ֶ˵סǵ𽥵ر䵭ֱ󳹵׵ʧƬԿռ֮С
ֶ˵ʧƬԿռ䣬ٶȱüž

ֶǰĺڰ糱ˮȥɲǣۻľɲǼǱӿγɼΪǿķ
Ԥ֮еĹȴûгֶ֣ҲڵһʱһŴΧĻ
ֵĵطֶʯڣһɽϣɨɨȻһЩϤĸоӿͷȻʯУȴҹȲԶվֶĿԶպܹԶȺɽѿҹȡ
ԿҲһıСе㾪ȵֶеԶԿⶫֻҪһ߶ǻǱؽ֮УʼƶպΣͷܹԿռ䣬ֻҪּΪֵ޷ǱеԿҳ
ԣֶҲЩ죬Ȼû뵽еԶԿȻȹܣĻպ󼴱һЩվҲֶΡ
ҹȵˣƺǳˡ
ֶһ£ȻǽĿͶҹ֮⣬ƬɽȵϷƣʱʱһ׵к£ɽȶǱ¡¡ľ졣
ʱҹΪ񱩵ģǳĹˣҲоԿģЩ󲿶ƺǳˣõֶԵһ˵ʦҲپǳĹˣ汻öŵĻҲ൱鷳鷳ܹĻȻá
ڴô죿СҲǿ˿ױɽȣЩȣʵ
һǣȵÿĪǡֶĪ˴һʼ͸ôȷ˵İȫҲЩǣǳĹȻʲôƲ磬ڵħӲʡ͵ĵƣҲԼôǺпܶĪǳ֡
ԶزصˣԿ϶׵ķԶԿ
֨
һ뵽ˣֶ˫ȭǻգЩɱϣǼһûôȻĻḶ۵ġ
߰ɡ
ֶһҲ˵һӣαӶʦ֮·ܹ³ΣԸһ־˵ٶȣӹɽȻɽ֮ӴǱӶȥ


İʮ 
ǰ֣֮õӵе
ֻǣһЩէߣȴûиоʱУ΢Щ̫һա
һЩԭֲˣÿ̧ͷǳΪֺļʱ΢ЩӣԭԼԪǿȴֻ˾ӶΪӵ˸Ϊǿˡ
ħ
һĸ߼Щ߼Уħӵ൱Ժյ˵ʱ򲢲̫ãҲ˶ǵη壬ƬԶսʵʼնҪġ
ǰǣֲΪľȣȻɵһ֣Ͼ̫η壬ƽķΧҲõúܶ˱Ƚ⡣
ǣνƽΧħĵȴѣλ̤ǿߣվڸ֮ϣʱԵҲõúܶ˿ʼеη塭

һ뵽ַΧһЩ˱ǲ̾һԼ䣬һЩ˽ȻĴ
Լˣħץˣ˵ǽõֶڴ˴εҹУõԶԿȴʧˡ
ħֶҲ̫ˣȻְ취ֶ
ֶҲɵӣħʵΪǿһЩ߼ҵǣǹƥģѵҸħ𣿡
ǰǵùĥ˰ħЩһֶΣֶ֣϶Ĺǵġ
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ĥ۽ǳ鴤ţȭͷţǴ̶Ĳҽۿѡ
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Ƚպұ뿪ǣҪԪ΢΢Ƭ̺Ǵ˻Ƶص
ǰĻõ׵ԶսķʵֵֶҲΪ׽Ϊ˶׼ǿߣУǵӰ
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ԭĿĥʱ˫ȻȻǼ֮⣬һȰϤӰ𾪵ĿУظֶ


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ĵӰžǱ䵽ϣһѪϢɲǼήҵ˼㣬Ȼ˼صĴˡ
շ·ڴ˿ĥΧԪˣеˣϵ鶼ڴ˿̽Ӳ֮󣬷һ
˭û뵽벽ǿ֣߳ȻֱǱֶһȫȷɣõ˸еǣǿɲûиоֶŰ߶Ԫļ
һĻ˵Ĺ졣

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һ׳˶ӰͷӿЩ⣬Ƕء
֪Ǹյǣ컯ɵ꣬ȻȻĽԶԶ󡭡
ԶսУעǲƽ


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ֶЦݣĥȴЩĬ֪Ժֶǽħ׷ɱ֮Уӣǲùġ
ȻеģĥҲֶ֪ߣǲﲻʲôæΪ׸ʱ򣬷ֿǶҪȫ
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ĥֶһȭҲʲôˮ֮٣һӣǴѵˣתȥǽҪ뿪ǡ
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߰ɣҲ뿪ǣǷ֮أҲûʲôͣıҪˡԪ־˵һȻֶңңһȭҲǴתȥ
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Ĺüͷ΢壬ԶԿ䵽ֶУҲʧ٣ҪıƳֻаͬһץסʱѰЧȴǺܺãϾĪ̫죬ħֽſ㣬ȻԸ
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ԣĹͫʱһ뵽ʲôɭȻǸֶ
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СѽʦЩͣΪ˲߻һͨǰȥ
֣Ĺ΢һ£ӿһĨ֮⣬ֶ㻹ǹ찡
ЩȲҪǳֶǰʱһûǺεȵĿ־ʧˡ


İʮ 
Զս֮Уͬǰʤеĸ߼õۻңҪִ󻷾ӵһЩɲһʲô򵥵顣
ȻħЩӵǿ֮һ˵ЩѪȰζǱϾǿʵͶɣԣںܶУħҲǱּΪԼ֮ܵС
رǵǰЩʱһ߼ħ׵ͷӵֲ˺ܶ˵С
ҲΪˣǱߴ˽ħһǿնɱ޾֮УŻ˶˵ĻȻԼɧ
Ȼ˭û뵽ȻʱȥħĻ룬˭ǸΪֶ꣬Ǳ׷ɱ֮УԶսħȻ˵˸ǵİȴҲһ伬ֵĴڣƬܹõǿߣǿɲ࡭
٣ǸֶˣԶԶʸﵽһԣħ׷ɱҲؽ˿Ĵ

ΪֶϻƨɵĵٶȻɧʱΪ˷¼ǵȴɽ֮УϢǳ׵ζȥ
һΪңԶɽɽĹ̶ȣɽй֮־ް԰ɽԶսвͬʱģɽ֮еҲǴﵽһ־˵ֵطǿ߶ǵñһ־衣
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㰲˰Сʱңֶյ˫ĿŻ˸ľâȻȥӿһĨЦݡ
뿪յʱ䣬ڣʱ䶼Ǵ֮Уڵٶȱɹ¼ҹˣ˵Թ¼ţҲѹ֮Чʲ֪˶١
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ͬػʼĹԽʵպеĳ͸Ϊ

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ٺ٣ͷδôֶü䣬СҲֶЩթ֮ɫ
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㵹ЩСڵʵˡֶ֪е㣬СȴǵһЦ
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ֻǲ֪ⷬ׷ɱ뷴׷ɱ˭ܹЦ󡭡


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ħȻץңǾҲ۰ɡ

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ĹĿ⼫ɭһӰ˸еԵĺ⡣
Ȼ֮ǰǵӰȴ΢΢һЦһĿ֮˸ĲǳĹԤϵľţһĪЦ⡣
ǵٶȣ̫ˣȥһҪͷˡ
ô˻Ĺͫʱһ


İʮ 
ֺ֮ϣ֮ɫӵߵľͷϮɫ˳ϯ취Ϊ׳ۡ
ʱֺϣȴȻ̣ʮӰվֺ֮ϣĿ⣬ǰһӰһèϷɡ
Ǻǣ˼ƺǹڵǣ
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ħӵȷֶ˫΢УûаľţȻҲԤϡ
ֶǸ˵Ҫ֪֣֮ȫȡĹĿضֶеβסɱ⡣
ԶԿɣȫʬûܹɱħ˶ðģҲ⡣Ĺƣص䣬û˿תأȻ˴εǴ˱ɱֶ˼
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ˣ½ԶԿַϣҲΪħϸۡԣ
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ǰ֮ʱ䶼ûУɣĹɭȻһЦƵٶѸ͵޷ݣֶֻܼ֮âȻشǿߵƵǺݺݵ֮ϡ

ഥɲǣ֮е˺֮û𣬷һĽ֮ǳĹͫǺݺһֶƤ£ͻȻӿһֹĺɫЩɫ͸ɲǼ䣬ֶ棬۳һɫļ£ǵƵ䵽ɫʱȴͬʯ󺣣ûĶ
ңõóĹɫǣǺɫϣǱһɼΪǿ֮֮£ڵԪѸٵţԴԴϵشֶ֮С
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ʱ䣬ɫ׹ֺ֮ϯǲԶߣͫеߵâҲ𽥵


İʮ 
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飡
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Ӱǿеʱ΢΢ţһ˿˿ĺ̴䱳ϢǱή࣬ȻƲᡣ
ͣ
Ӱվӿ˲Ұ֮ɫһѪ̲ס˳ȻĿ𾪵̧ͷֺϵһȫںɫеӰȻδϵֶĹȻ˵Ŀ͡
֪ʦЩʦٿص֮ҲԴﲻǿȣңеɲǣܹظоԼڵԪ·ǹʧ࣬ɸóƵѩϼ˪
â𽥵ɢȥΧħǿǱĳĹͫҲǶȻһһڳĹʵΣû뵽֣桭
һΣǵĿٶǱΧסʱû˰Ϸʣһǲ׼ֶĻǽЩϡ
ǶһۣȻĿⲻԼͬͶӵͫװӡ
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ǺǣҵǳϡߵһЦͬԶսϣŲٸΪǿǸǿ
ܹħɵԼǿߣԶս٣ȴڴС
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ǿΪҪĹؿֻеĶɹ٣ܹȼƺ֮ǰһһԪ
һԪ֮ͨĲ࣬ɲһǰ㣬оԪҲ˵ҪɹŴ٣ÿһγɹĶɹʵͻͽ֮ǰأͬն
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һֶеĲȻߣЦ룬Ӧʧˡ
ٶǿ˵ܹǻ֮Ҳܹ֮˳ɹǱ൱һξ޴ɱ䣬֮ǶȲһЩõģܹģǻֱӱ䡭
ҲΪʲôܶǿ߶ְֺ޵ҪԭǱǿͨҪͨȴҪðΣա
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ķεĺĻ֮⣬ֶվһŸϣ΢˫Ŀȴʱţֵλãڴ˿ת䡭


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ֶԸлȻɹٵжôǿȻҲûĲܹնɱǿߡ
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ǵǱӰħҳһЩĬ˵УȻӿһõǰо뷨
ħҳǵλãһǳΪʵĽվ棬ܹС
ʱǸϷʯУȴ̵˸еļ£ħǿߣǻǾĿ⣬ʯϷһӰʯ֮ϣȴһֿµĺɢ
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飡
һޱȵľԴϯħǿֱǱݺݵ˦ʯϣһѪͷøͣǵѪĨȥ
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һ˲Ұֵֶ֮ϢǾħѹƣȻһҹ֮˳õжڴ˿еˣжӿŨ֮ɫ
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ߵ˳ʱ˭ΪݣҪץһոսʦǼֱֵ£Ľȴ۾̲ס͹˳ңõģֶİ
ϢʱһЩˣǴ˺Ƭ̷ŵعϵ飬ֻһݡ
ħԶս㲻ʲô˸ƵİҲǼΪֵĴڣЩ߼ĲԸͻһħʵȷǿԵʣħرΪ˴ﵽĿģֶΣ˭ҲֹմȾʲôϵԼħΪİ裬ȴҪȵͷȥ
ȻҲħЩӵãһЩﲻҲӷյǰȥơ
ö֮ҲõħԵһħҳǵЩȻ׼ħʱͬ˾춯ذĴһ㣬ǹЩױȵζ
ˣڽЩʱУħҳе˶ԴǵǺ뿴Ǹҿħһ˵ļһǲͷۣȻҸɳȾ㤵顣
Ȼ֮ҲһЩΪֶڻȡ裬ǿֶûǵӸħҳȡܹǵȷ˺𶯣Ҳˣǣɲħǿߡ
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ħҳʱңԶɽ֮УȴŻȣ۶ɵĺͬĹɽ֮ϣһɹɾ˵֮
Ǻ֮£ֶţֻ壬һֳɫȥͬպ̿һ㣬̵¶ȣ͸ĲƤǿÿή
УڶֶͷתţɵĺԴԴϵعڶ֮Уһ־˵ٶɣΪ֮ӿֶ֫ٺ

һֶóʮ֮һ൱Ӵ֣Ͼ̣ʱҲֶ֣ڣֻͻư벽һļ˳ò˵ʵǴֱʡ
ʮֶȻҲõ֮ѷΨһҪĵģԼ壬Ƿܹסۻ֮ĳ
֮ĴǿżΪЧҩԽãˣҲԽ֮Ҳ·ǿգ޷ܣĽǻյҶ
һԵʮö֮Ī˵ǰ벽Ԫִﵽ׼ǿߵĵزֻСһһĲʳţֶ̰ͬķʽֻЩɹɹٵǿߣӵ
ԣܴʲôǶ˵һʮö֮һ൱޴ΪֶûĴڣֶûСڵһŻҽ
ϧϿɲʲôֶſţȻҲĵ뱾Ǯ
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СС׻ϣ΢۾ŻɢŻȲֶҲ̲ס΢΢˵ͷܹоֶڵԪһ־˵ٶţȻʮöٵĺô
ٶȣʱ䣬Ӧñܹ׵յʮöСٶ˵ȥǵһƬˣˣҪյʮöûʱǱģֶȴ֮ڶ̶ʱ䣬ǽ޺֢ľ
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ͣ
յ˫Ŀֱ·ֺϣֺУǱ˺ѳӴĽںۼ
һͬĻϢֶǰĿյһɶͷԼƣһƤ£Ƿɿӿ貵Ľɫâ̶˲䣬ֻƣǱ磬޼᲻ݡ
ʽ̤벽ľ磬ֶСҲǳûﵽɵĵزһЩǿߵ
һ˵̤벽ʱ򣬺ܶ˵壬ǻᱻ֮ǿԼһЩļ󣬵ȻԶԶﲻֵֶزǵǿǿһЩΪɫģܹݵһЩ̵ĽâҲ޷ֱֶֻۣ
ֶŽץһԵľɲǣ絶жһ㣬ֱû֮У̶ȣĿࡣ

ֶԴҲ൱⣬΢΢һЦ˫ֵĽ𽥵ָ֮ɫһվ
ٶȣԤϵԿһЩƿأҲԽԽˡСҲǴһЦŵ
ֶЦЦĿһɻڻ״̬еߵˣƺҲöȥȡأ룬һο²̫˳
ȻûнյϢܹ²⵽𶯣ħͷѾҧгݵصȴš
٣ΪΪʳûͲͻСЦһΨ²ҵģ
ֶ촽һҲǵ˵ͷûʲôµ˼ħ׺Ҳ֮Զսôѵħܷ첻ɣ
⣬ʱЩһֽţպֵĻǳͷСЦ
ֶһ£ҲʧЦСȷӻˮҪЩһȥȻһ֡
Ҳãʡպ鷳
ֶ̧ͷĿңԶߣеĻȣٶӿ
ҲöˣҵҪƣħʲôͣһҿҪˣ


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εĵȴ£ʱȻȥǴǰȡֶȴûг֣⵹õЩԼѵһֻϳܣħģ
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ʯڣɫĮȻʯϣ԰׶޳ָصڷ֮ϣϸ΢ѻȸʯлصţ˴ǲҴһ¡
ڰӵ·ŲٵӰЩħеǿߣóȱ˲ٵλãֶߣĹһ򾡣̶ֳȣǶħ˵Щ˼ԪϾΪ˽ɵǷ˲СĴۡ
ʯʦ֣ѾʱˣֶȻûгֵļĪǼһϷˣǣѹֵճ˰ΣһӰ̲סص
СҲǹ죬Ҳ֪ʲôֶסǣŵħƣ侲Ҳʵ޴˰ɡһҲ̲סЦ콫ǸֶеԹʵڲС
ȻٵʱʧܣʵҲǴгѰǿߣĶ֣ټϻųĹЭֻҪǶȹٵˣ˭ǣֶȴܹˣòȻҲ˶Ǳ̬ͬһλȥΪˣȴҡҡͷ
Ļ˶ǰƲƲ죬ֶŽʦƾʵҪܳĹѣ˵ȫԼסǿǶ㶼š
ʯǱΪʯİӣĿ⵭Įؿһ·Ƭ̺󷽲ŵصѱСħݲýסҪʬħҳſڣȻõñħֶΡ
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ʯʦַģ׼ֻҪСӸҳ֣Ȼӣ
ʯĮò˿еʯе˶Ƕһ£æͷ
ʯʦ֣ʦлأҪŽ𣿡һ˳ɵ
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һȺԣҲǹص˵ͷʯʵֻҪֶ޻أ
ʯĿɨʯһۣɭȻ΢΢˻֣Ǹǰȥ׼ͫ͵һʯϵӰȻվĿ⣬ʯħ֮ңԶĵطһĨɭȣǡ
ôǣеʶ
ʯͻȻٶʯҲ΢΢һ˹תͷ֮⣬ڵô
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ৣ
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ң˵Ρ

У·ڴ˿̽ǿȵļ尾˳һ˽ڳǽ֮ϴ󲿷ֵˣǱһֻ̬ԽԽĺڵ㣬ȻҲˣȤһĻֶܹסߵ˵ֶ˱ȻЩͣӦòܻ޴֮Ȼˣⷬſľٶֽۡ
һаգʯǿߣҲܹȫˡ
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Ļ֮Уſ񱩵ԪԼܹԪĵطһϢǿӰȻһΪ˽ֶ׵ʯҲǶĴֱʣħھǿ߶ǰ˳齨£ҪǼΪļ֡
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ʯ԰ֶ΢ЩȻֶƽɵֱۣȻ֪ǿ߷ž߱ı־ֶԪֻǴڰ벽ĵزôὫֵز
ѹָôţԭе㱾£죬ħǰҲøſţ
Ȼһ˲ǱʯеɭȡŤŤӣĹ·ڸ֨죬һֱըڼ䶯䣬ÿѡ

ֶ³һڰȻ˦˦е㷢ֱۣϣȴһĨеȵЦݡ
һԪôҪ͵ÿ㱾¹ˣ
ǽϣⷬԻͬǹǵǺ֪ӵŲͷĺһ𣬾˭ܹʤһ


İʮ һԪ
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İʮ ѵػ
ֻҪҪ鱨Իļ۸񡣡
ֶĿ𽥵ЦһеǲûйڼеζЩļһҲǴ֪ЩһϲľҪۡ
ٺ١ǸЦЦǰ˵Ҳʲôҵȷ֪һй˵鱨鱨й¶鷳С
˵۰ɡֶص
˵۸ߣ»жǣ֪й¶鱨ҿСѱǸ촽
ֶµ۾΢΢УĬŶһǬһ鱨˵꣬Իֱ硣
ǸӼæӹһ£ǵھ˴ǧ֮⣬һ޹ȣ޹ڣ޷࣬вܹǿĴڣ˵޹ȵߣһͷԺһԪǿޣѵػ
һԪޡֶͫ΢΢һüҵģǴѵػ㻣ң
٣𼱣˵ꡣǸӹЦһõ鱨ѵػĳѨУһħǣѵػã׼ڶɵڶٵʱá
ħǣ
ֶȻһȴû̫Ĳģ
ֵܣһħֻȥǴ˵еҵ٣ԶսǾԲеġӵ
ֶֻǻҲУбȻѪ֮ħ壬ȫڹǿĶ⻢ǣҲڣСֶеϲζû뵽ȻܹԶսõֻϢ
СĻֶ΢΢һҲЩϲܹС׽ͻƵ˵Ȼǿ
ħ뷨Ļọ́Ϊڴ֮ǰѾ߼׼֣ҵ鱨ҲǴãҲҪðķգļ۸񣬿ɲ󡣡Цѵ
Ŷֶüͷһ壬ٶͳһһǧö鱨ļ۸񣬶ģ㽫߼鱨ȫҡ
ǸӼΪݵĽ£ϵЦŨδħģħԼǰĹԼѧ඼뻢йأ˴ǵĿħǣӦҪһǿѧһԲٿս˵Щ֡
߼һλ̤һԪǿ򣬶£Ǹһǿߣ벽ģǲҪħǣ²ʲô򵥵¡ĻȻе˼ǰֶعأǹƥģҪ߼⣬ȻӷȲŻɳĴ¡
һԪǿߣǿߡ
ֶµӣȻҲӹһĨ֮⣬߼ʵɱϴҹĴҪǿٰ߼Уʵ֮Ҳ൱֮
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鱨ֶ֣ҲͲͣǸһȭתȥºıӰҡͷֶҲֻһͷԵ³çһɡ
鱨ֱֶ⣬ȻٳСףû˿̶ǰ鱨ν޹ȡ
ֶһοɱȥħҳǸΪ鷳߼һԪǿ򣬶ǴѵػҲƲ磬Ȼܹɹ٣ҲȥҪ֮ħǣɲסСʱҲֳ
ѵõõħйص鱨ǴĻ´Ҳ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ߼Ȼ鷳ϾڰǻǴѵػץסĻҲǲܳɹֶЦȻҲ֪е鷳̶ȣҲû취ò׵ĵħǵϢܲķ
ֶ֣СҲֻܵ˵ͷӵСףҲԩ룬ԺΪеǳֵá
ӵбʵޣ޽мΪģ˭ҲָԺͷȥͷԵĴ᲻Ϊ޽еһ뢣ء
ھ͸оֵáֶ΢΢һЦ˵һȻǻĿ״̬
ֶĿʱȴûмŬȶžСףһĻĿ·Ǳúʺȶľࡣ
СƳһСףȻǲϸ΢̯̯צӣһٶʧȥ
޹ڵλãֶĵطһξ룬Сָٷɳ£ԼСʱңֶǲ΢յ˫ĿʱһΪԭʼɭ֣ǳ֮С
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޹ڵɽô
ֶĿһС׽£ԶգȴͻȻâΪӰǰ
λѣħԼѽ˴ܹƵУˣϢΪǿᣬٲȻǴﵽ˰벽ĵزǵĿ⣬ضֵֶ
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ֶһЦûжı̬һСףת˸ͷȥ˼ôɴ䣬Ҳһ㶣һЦΪֶǼɵ߼ͷŷɽȥ
תʱȴûз֣һȰӰǲĵ󡭡
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ĵӰϵǰӣͬʱһЩҩ۴ǵ
ôֶһҩۣһֻζڱǼӿüͷҲһֲֵطЩһܹ˳ĽԭֶΡ
ֶһ·ϢĸˣԼʮӺɭǳ˾ͷһ޴ɽȳ֮ڡ
ɽȵɽ֮ϣܹһЩӰĴڣ߼ѾʼڶǴѵػˡ
ֶһκ󣬱ǹسɽһεĵطĿɽڣɽΪ޴ҲŲٵޣʱЩޣȫȥƺǱǿնɱǱͷĳ»Եҩ
ʱɽ֮ϣӰƮӶ£Ӱֶͫ΢ӿĲӦñ߼֮еһԪǿˡ
ѵػɣΪ׼ܾˡһǵЦ
ֶĿ⣬˳ǵĿȥֻɽȵһ޴ĶѨ䣬΢Щһɸߴ̺ž˵ѹ֮Ӱӣ̤ŵͳĲشǶѨӰ֮߳
ѵػ
ԶѨ߳ӴӰֶҲһŰ


İʮ 
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Ӱĳ֣Ƭɽ֮еĿ·Ȼ̣һ֮ڿ֮д
ֶͫ΢ضǵӴӰһͷԼɸߴӰȥһС;ˣ֮ϣִ̰ͬĺɫë˾ǣԴȴԴһ˶Ļͷ
ɭɭѪ˿ĺǶɺĻĿűѪζ
ѾѰޣѵػȻѾ˾󲿷ֵ壬ٶɹһٵĻпܣ׵ĻȥΡ
ѵػ㴣ɽ֮⣬Ϣͬʵһţֵ
ѵػʱɽЩ߼ɫҲЩ仯Ϊľ壬ǰɢıѹõǴϢЩѡ
ʲôĿģ̣޹ȣ
ǴѵػĿױضЩ߼ͳĺͬһ㣬ɽ֮Ļصţ̶һЩʵ߶Ĥʹ
ܹǶɹһٵޡֶ״ҲһޣС֮⣬ӦǵڶμԵޡ
ǺǣһͷѣȻ˵ţΪɹһ٣޵˲ɣ֪һħǣ㻹ܼڴ˴Ĵ˵ģһλŻµӣ˵ϣһЩصĻƣ˫ָ鵹ûΪǴѵػѹ˿ı仯
Ӧñħ죬ڻֶĿһݵ鱨Ҳ֪ħλһԪǿߵ֣£Ȼ⿪֮˱ˡ
Ҫħǣ
ѵػĿȻһ˶ĶӲƣһץסһʯȻǺݺݵضڻ˹ȥǵƷ
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ѵػ˵־Ͷ֣ڻҲһߣһӣۻԪǱӿǾʯĩ
˻ȻˣǱһˣѶ൱ȤܹѱĻӣ
ڻҲ¶ɭɭ⣬ƫͷһµӣЦĬ֣һ֣
ٺ٣һûּ޽֣˵õģħǣҵѵػµӣŴѵػ۾ҲǼΪḶ́ϢҲ൱ĲڻȻ죬ҲһλһԪǿߡ
ԣ
ڻһЦζȻӶͬʱ䣬һɹǿԪʱǿԪѹɽȣǴѵػͥܡ
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飡
񱩵Ԫɽ֮УһɲǣڻԼĬȻһ˲䱩Ӷ
컢ɿգ
ڻգȵԪ۳һͷԪ޻Լ䣬Ļ
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ǳĬӡ仯Ϊһ޴ӡӶգۼǳǴѵػϿգĹǵصĽٶ£Ļ㣬ξ
һ֣չֳһЩĬһһϼ䵹൱Ĳ
Ԫ޻һɰԵȭⶸȻĺǴѵػ֮ϡ
飡
ͳıըɽдǴѵػ׳˶壬ҲǱʮÿһδŵ£ɽΪ֮һ
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ڻ˵ĹǴѵػȻҲǱŭĿ֮Ѫ֮ɫŨһХѪɫȻ籡
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ѵػƺݺݵһ̤棬ֱӻΪһ磬˺ѿһ£ǳڻǰһǻȭԼ䣬ѧĹ켣ǵƣΪǿ
ħȭ
ڻͬ˸ȭ趯ͬóһͷаͻ㣬ȭͷҲǻΪͻ֮״ǴѵػӲ
ͳ죬ɽϯڻǱõɶ˵ͬΪһԪҪӲƴĻȻǴѵػĶ֣ޣֻҪǣƾǿ壬ͬȼǿߣһ˵Ҫѷһ
˵ɣڻҲ൱׺ݣٶӻأǴѵػһ𣬶ʱ䣬ɽ֮ڣʯѣһ񱩵ľ粨ϯƼΪĺˡ
ڻѵػʱǳĬȴϰգдһʱΧɽϵЩǿߣ֣һԪХǳĬϣģƺ׼ʲô
ֶ΢۾ɽеĻսĿɨһɽһ£ȴûжɽеһ޶ʡ͵ĵƣ˵һֱڼǵ񣬶ɽֶһ֣ȻᱻǷ֣ʱ˵Щһﶼֶͣ
˵ѪҲǴﵽһĲΣȻܿһԪǿߡ
£þ䡣
飡
ֶתͷʱɽеսĻ𱬣սȦȻǴѵػռϷ磬κһԪǿߡ
Ȼڻˣûǿݵ˼
ڻ壬ٶȱݺɣѹڷڵѪЩ֮ɫħѧͰԵǰͷħҲǸеΪļ֡
εʱڻĿ⿴һ۰׼ĲĳĬȵĬ֣֣
Уȫǿ֮еĳĬԣҲһЦӡһ䣺

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ٺ٣רŶԸЩ޵ģһΣҿ㻹ʲôͣѪѸٱĴѵػڻҲ̲סشЦ
ɶ࣡
ǴѵػţҪЩڰγЩ֮Уƺ̺һصڵһѹưЧ
ڻƮӶһգǿԪѸٵ۳һԪǹ˸ɭ֮ɫ
𣡡
ǲڻɱ⣬ǴѵػʱѪⲻϵӿȴЩĵס
ҿ԰ǰ鷳Ҫ㸶һЩۣԸԸ⣿
ڴѵػĿеѪԽԽʺʱͻȻһϸ΢ĵشĶС
Ĵѵػһ£ǶԻĿɨɽΧ˸ͻȻݺݵص˵ͷ


İʮ 
µ־棬ֶȻܵȵڴܾˣϾ˴߼бһſƴѵػֶΣȥĻѵػᱻܻ񣬶ʱֶ¶Ļ齫üΪ鷳
˵ҪƴֶΣҲȻҲܼ֣ͬҲḶһЩۣڴȣִܹѵػ߼º߼ҲһЩ
ԣڴѵػʱֶǾ֣ʱ߼
ݣ
УڻɷڣԪìȻӶܿ˴ѵػҪǱУȻҲּصơ
ǱӶԪìǴѵػҲһ䣬ţЩȴڳĬԼЩǿߵ£Ĳס
ͣ
Ҳһɲǣɽȵһ࣬һͻأӳһ־˵ٶȳУޱȵľݺݵ˺ѿȻնЩԪ֮ϡ
꣡
ľ֮£ЩԪʱѣǱĴѵػȭݺݺԪìһȭ䱬
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ͻıʣõɫһ䣬ڻԼĬɫޱѿĿ৵һ£ͶǵֵĺɫӰ
Ӱͨվڰϣ䣬һּΪǿĲɢ˭ҽС
ǺˣħԼڴ˰£벻Ҫ֣ڻɭضǵɫӰεŭǰ׼һõܲŭǼɵӰɢǿ󲨶̱Ƕֽɱ
ֵĺɫӰȻѪĮĿ⣬ֻǿڻһۣûлشκλ
ʱѵػҲٶվ𣬻ĿЩؿһѪΪޣĸ֪ĸ֪УǰСӰھȻûа
ڻ֣һǱ壬ǸٿˣȻ⸽ĬĿؿһѪͻȻͺȵ
ҰǼһҳ㲻ˣڻһȵ
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ֶһ֣ڻĿͶ˹ڲֶӿĲʱһãֻһ벽ļһ
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ѵػ˵ӦûɣֶȴǲڻµĿ⿴·Ĵѵػ
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СӣҪҪ߼ǳĬ״ɫʱһһԵڻҲǼΪ
Ĭ֣Ըסѵػһ벽ѣȥԸɣֻҪɱˣȻʧȥƣߣ֪ļһΪһͿΪҲãɱˣҲһ󱦱ڻһص
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Сӣ±۾㣬Щˣɲܹģ
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ѪˣǳĬ˼һ£ȻȻ̧ͷֻǲԶǵӰնһΪǿľϯʱ䣬Ԫǳ˷ڵļ
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ڷɲáǲĿ⣬УֶһЦѪȻ貹âȻǳĬҵĹơ
ѪͻȻıǳĬһʱҲеǱæ˱ܡ
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飡
ͳڰдһɲǣǿߵɫҲ˲ɷΪǺɫ֮£Ϊѧƣһ
ʱǷףǰȥ벽ļһһֱڰԻ
ȻһΣһӲӲˡ


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ͳ֮𣬶ǵǶߵķһ㵹һѪϢ̼ήȻֶһ֣õܲˡ
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ĬҧҧǰѪ͵ĹƣɨһڻһߣʱڴѵػĹ£ڻҲǴ·磬ֻܹƾǿѧţȻ޷̫ã޲Ϊǿ󣬶;ҲǸΪǿᣬһ뽩ս˵ɲʲôϢ
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أ
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ڻΣ˫Ųɣɽлһĺۼ˵ѧȻѵػȣȻһЩࡣ
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ңһԣų׽߼ֶг֣һվϷĳĬ̱˼Ϊľ档
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Сӣ
ε˱ɧţǳĬֱǱñף䣬ͷҲ⣬ǰȻǲ˳ȡħǣ͵ʴס
Ŀ˸ţǳĬջǺݺݵһҧ͵شһĿ֮
ɽ֮лصţõÿһ˶
ЩΪǿæȻһۣˮضɽ֮ȥģĬǳ˵˼
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ֶͬľȣڵ߹ϣܹһɼΪصĲֲ˿ǹ߹ĲϣСһ֣ʩչǵӦ֣
ʡˣҲգöˣҵҪħڻҺΣ
ֶЦŰ˰֣Ȼֱתɽ֮ȥСһҲͬƹ֮һ㣬


İٰʮ Զ֮
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˵ԵΪģȴһӴĳУ˵Զʱһɵ֮ǵȹģ嫵զࡣ
ǿԶزصĵطˣֻҪм͵ģһʱУȫǴҴҵظ˹ǵֱ޷Ѱݡ
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ֶڶʱҲǽܵڶ˽УüͷҲ΢΢һεԶزأЩְ
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£ֱֶ߽֮УȻֱԶԿķȥ
һΣҪħԣ


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Ľֵ֮ϣ֮һ𣬳ƺƵɢ
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ǳ봦һƬΪʵĵǳΪ۵ĽվӦܹС
ֵط֮زͬԵΪľȻĵطȻҲѰʸģֻЩ߼ԼǿߣŽʸѰ˵ȣΨĽĿ۰Ͱ͵š
ΪԶԿ֮䶼һϵԣһƬΡĵ֮УֶӦΪϸ΢ĲȻӦñǻԶԿȪԼħ
ָӦȻ໥Եģֶ֮ӦǵʱҲǲֶеԶԿ
Ƭ֮Уһɫ֮ڣΪ㳡һ㣬ʱ֮УȴŲӰĴڣңЩӰϢƳۻ룬ȻѰ
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ԭЩ˽Ĵͻأıð࣬˵ĿⶼЩζˣʡ͵ĵƣħҲǰĿ־塣
ԶԿİѣ˭ȷԶԿ˿Զز֮⣬ǷزЧôȻԶԿֵط˵Ȩܹز٣ԣԶԿˣ˭ӵС
ȻİԶԿħ򵥣ҪжԶԿ̫ԴδϣһһöԿӵֶȻǳΪ׵ֵĿꡣ
ˣ˵ǰʱֶʯȫ˵Ϣ˵ȴǸ㲻ϰǣɲЩѰɱȣ
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ȡˣħõԶԿ鱨ʱʦڱǲֻ֣ǲЩСɫȥϵֶ˱ˡһϺȹŮӣ嵭ص
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ٺ٣ħһԶԿһѣøЩ˰ɡʯʱȴǴһЩЦ
ʯüͷһ壬Ҫ˵Щʲôʯȴǰ˰֣ЦֻҪ˭ܹǸСӽһöԶԿǹ˭С
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ڣȻӹһƬ͵͵ĻȻ֮һЩ˵ɫ΢е仯һдһɹһʧܵǿߣʵ
ҵԶԿģֻǣԶԿҵģǣͱҴˡֶģĿȴǿǰħЦ
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ֶ˫ִʱһֱվСףȴȻһԭѡľګ˫ĿȻӿ˵ױ֮

ͳУСһȭȻֱӲʯײ


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趯ֱǱñըԼ䣬ǹ֮У·ǵĻХ֮

âӰӹһɲǣֱڶྪĿУݺݵغһ𣬶ʱ䣬ͬ籩ľ磬֮У񱩵Ű


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ǵӶĺâʯ̲סЦһԵߣǿһӶۻԪģȻһƶӳĺâȥ

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䣡
ֶһ۶ɵĻҺɫӡû˿ͣ٣ֱĴ߶֮£ӹգȻǱӶʯȻײ


İٰʮ 
Һɫӡû̫춯صƣΨŸ֪ܹ֮ԼĲǻҺ֮ɫصĲεĹǿ
˵Ŀ⣬ֶȻʯӲϵĶǴһ˿ֻ֮ɫˣ඼ǶǿߣѾȹһٵǿߣǵȻֶܹԪ벽ѣھ˵Ҳֻʦһӡʦ㲻ϣɾû취ʯ⡣
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ײɲǣ֮еľ죬ȴǲδ֣һ˲䣬Һӡ֮ϱһּΪǿ֮֮£ʯǿ񱩵ԪƣǶȻʧ˲٣ۻҺӡ֮ϣӿĹȴ
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ͳʯ𣬶ػǱĵŲĵļ̤ҪסΣȴδܳɹݺݵײһʯ֮ϣӴֱʯ֮ϣӿһϸܵѷ졣
ͣ
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˵֮ǰΪСԼѪĳ֣õЩڳǿ߲ٶֶС̬ĻôһΣֶչֳʵʵȴõֿͼԽС
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ܣʯӣȻŤʵЩ޷ţλħţȻһԵͼСУ
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ʱС׼ҽֵʯҲǷߵıʣɫһ䣬æСףһ£ǳʯԡ
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һ˿Һ֮ɢʱʯήҵɫתȻҲܴᣬٶȿֶĿ⣬û˰СǳŨļɵ֮ɫ
ʱĴڣħЩǿߣǱѪ׷ɱüǱһ˶ʯĿЩ־֮ɫֶرߵֵֶˣǰһƴʯһĻǿǿüΪ
ڵУʯһޣرǳĹڵһμֶʱ߸ֵ࿴ڡλãƺѾת˹
һƬǽĴڣǱħȻɫƽͷٲȻǷ˾κˣǶף£һȥֶͷ򣬶׹ϾôܹħƵֵزˣֶǵһ

Сٶվֶкɫصضڵϣصõ涼΢΢һ£ѪҲӻأվֶһ࣬ȥɷĽһ㡣
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ֶһƣ䣬ŨɱӶõһЩ˰·˹ԭֶǴħ
ȷԼ˲鷳ħֶɱʮ㣬ӵеʵԿԭǿĸ߼ʯʯֵܣǺֵˣлᣬǾĺá
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˴ΪԶزضǿһЩǶӦ˵ҪԶزջֵĻܻȱáϺŮӣҲǻ
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Щ߼ֶһ㶼Ų֪Ǹղչ¶ĵʵʯһ˸ɱˣЩ˶Ϊ˵仰
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⣬ڵҲȷûоԵİܹʰʯˡ
ֶĻǳӶһЩϧ֪ǰԹۣõֶǺøм
ˣԶزҪʱһٶǰ
ֶƳһɫʯҲûǳӶһȭתȥ߳ʱŲһ£ƫͷŴһЩԭԶԿǿߡ
һ䣬һûöԶԿʸ񣿡
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ںδʵܹһС


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Ϣ̼֮˾޴𶯣ˣһϢʱ޲𺳣Ƕ֪ϢԴĻ˭Ϊֻһѡ
ħʵȻʲôĴڣҲ˸ǣǵʵǷЩ߼Ҳ൱Ĳ˭ʯʯֵܣǶɹһٵǿڣرʯ˵Ǿ߱˳ڶٵܹʱɹɹħʵؽٶȶȻǡ
ȻôһǿڽգȴǱԵͼֶıƵһּΪǱľ֮С
ֳϵĽܹ𶯣Ҳ̫֣չֶͷȻ춯һЩ鷳ħͣȻԶ
ϾǿħκβֶѰʲô˼һЩӵŲҲûȤ顣
Ȼֶչ¶ʵȡõЧﵽϵĳ̶ȣںʱУҲԶԿ⣬⵹ܹõ徻࡭

Զ֮ΪǴ֮ڵ÷зʱΪ¼֮һֶȴڳѰһסص
ǰǷȻƾںϵʯȴףںϵļΪӴ󣬼ʵҲʩչǸʱʯʵǿһЩֶ׺һǿеĻǱ״̬ģ͸ǻˡ
Ͼֶֶôʯ֮ʵ൱СܹƾںϳˣǼΪϲĽ
ܹɹĽʯǲһʯϵֶȭͷıʵԶԵȷһЩ
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ֶ΢΢ͷȻʯֻͬһԪʵȻԶԶĳʯֶףʯĻ൱鷳
ȽԶزغѰ֮лв٣ʱұ֮ͻ٣ֻҪܶɹһ٣ʯ˶ԪȻܹ俹⣬ʱټС֮Ҫ׽նɱҲŰ˳ɵİգֶĿ΢΢ҲһĨɭ֮ӿ
٣Ļ͵ÿ˭ͻˡСЦֻҪʯһͻƣȻһ
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Щ̬֣ٶһͻƲа
ֶ˫ƽգȻ벽ʵ㲻ʲôȴףֻڵȴһᣬȴһĻᣡ

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˫Уص˵ͷ૵˳Ʈ
Ȥ˰򣬲ǹж鷳Ҳøŵ㰡


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𽥵ؽӽԶزصĿԶ֮֮Լ֮ڣҲǳһֱѸţڳվһطȥ⣬ȫǺѹѹ˺һ𣬳ɸ߿յİƣıȥ
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ΪһĻֶҲٶ鵽ԶزջԣֱأԶԶĳκεط
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ΪһЧΪ⼸ʱУ˵ֶܹЩھ۽Ǿסĵط֮еһЩ鷳ȴûг֡
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յĳԣ˺յƲ㣬ҫԶ֮ʱ˶ܹظоϢһɲǣüΪ궯
궯£ؼԪܵ˲䣬·ŷڰļ

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˸ϾţҲڸ֨Уؿʱ䣬һɷ·𳾷µζǾ֮ӿ
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ģ˭֪Զز֮УȻ൱֡

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ţ߰ɣʼѰҪ񣬱ѰҸͻˡֶ˵ͷĿԶԶزؿʱܹУһЩΪޣȴԶʯΪǿϢӿЩˣӦòڰеǿߣ·ϣҲ֪᲻ͻЩ˱ʯǿʵֻһ㣬ºǡ
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Ƭռ䣬һˣЩɣ֮еһԱСǵõһȽϿ׵Ĵ𰸡
𰸣ֶҲǱȽϵţͬʱҲее𾪣Щɣһ¶ǱȽǿĴڣЩɵˣ治֪ǺεȵȻ
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ͷ𺳹𺳣ֶȴеķ֣һ·ȻûְõĶƬռ䣬ͬľһ㡣
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ʯСֶɣ˹ȥŽӽŷ֣ϾһƬɿɳĮȥ֮ɫӵߵľͷ
ɳĮģе㶫СĿԶͻȻ
ŶԣֶͷʱһһӶԼӺ󣬱ǵִɳĮģȻǼһڻɳ֮ϵĺǡ
ǳʹŻ֮ɫԼܹһĽߣΪԵʡ
ֶ䵽Ǻԣüͷ΢塣
ҲһʧܵˣģڶɵٰɡСƬɳĮ˼ص
١ֶͫ΢ȻҲǿɳĮƬɳĮΪ
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ֶأ񣬵˿µ֮һСС֮ڱʱǼǺεȿֲһĻٵ٣Ȼµֵز
٣ǿߴ֮
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ף
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ɽɫ壬һΣ䣬ֶܹовһЩز
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ֶⶫ¶һĨȡ

ͻȻĻֶ˵Ǵ󵭵شֶͫȻһתֻãԶһźɫӣ֪ʱس


İپʮ 
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ͻأðˣֶɫȴǼΪܹ֪֣һЩֶΣԶزǿ߲֪٣ǲһЩ³﷭
أ
Сеĺɫصضڻɳ֮ϣ׳˶΢΢ǰ㣬ͬʳҰһ㡣
ǺˣֶɫĽһöǬУ
ǲǿ徫ڣܹգҲܹȡǿ֮Чһ·Ҳֻôһطû뵽ȴѱ˽ȵǡǿݵĺӣĿֶСϻɨɳƵص
ҲȤֶ˫ĿԾһ£ڵԪҲȻת
˵һĻǲǱ붯֣ǺӵЦ
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ģȻҲ㲻лַǵõɵĶֶǰɣһĵͼгȴܹԶսߵһҲЩͣҪƾڴ˴Զսӱȴ̫Զڵ㣬ʸûСӵ
񣿡ֶüͷ΢΢һ塣
аʱ䣬ٳսʼ֮ʱȴÿһ˶ӵŲμսʸ񣬶ʸĵޣǵǽ񡣡
Ȼûʸ񣬾ħʯͬ߱ʸ񡣡
⻰ֶе㶯ݣʯûʸ˵ٱôﵽԪĲΣһܽ
ԭٳսȻơֶȭͷ΢΢գڵȷлûеʸ񣬲ٳսаʱ䣬ǸʱʵҲȻֻ㡣
л֪Ȼ֪ǰһ﾿Ҫʲôֶǳȭ
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ϣɣֻ٣ǻΪƽӹҡҡͷȻתȥ
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ƮΪһӰƮȻȥɳƵ촫
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˺ǿСеĿضɭʧĵط
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ֶԴ˲ûȤɳĮͣЪһûЩ£Ƕȥķ򣬼ٵĸ·
ɳĮйǺõϢУ֪㹻ӻ
ֶȫٸ·£úԵĲΧռֻ䵭࣬һЩյĵϣż֮ǰ棬Ҳ˲٣ֶȵǣĿռУ·Ƕһζ
𽥵ƬԶزô
ΧЩ仯ֶͷ΢ϲȻٶȼӿٶȣʮӺңԶǰͻȻ䴫Ļ
ӿռɢˮֶ͵һӹһӴյ죬Ŀ⣬Ǵ𺳵ǰ
ǰ֮⣬ǻɵĿռ䣬ֻǣǿռ֮ϣһӣӵԴͷ֪Ӻζȥͷֱû޿ռ֮һ㣬Ϊ׳ۡ
ǹǺϢ֮˵ġӡ
ֶ³һŰҪͷ𺳾³һ㣬Ϊ֪ӣѰˮ۶ɵĵӣ
ԵɺӣôֱʣСҲЩ𶯵һĻ޵ʱףΪʲôֶ˵㹻ӻ֮˺ΰӣֶҲղ֮һ
ֶѹסеĿϲС׷ɽӴĵӣֻǳĺ֮УŨһֿƿµز֮۳һҺ壬лš
ͨ
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һֶ󷽻ݺݵؽǾ飬Ǽſ֮ǵӰ֮ϡ
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ǡʬŹֵСɵþȵ
ʬֶһ
ȥⵤУʬ徭ӵĽݣǻ𽥵ܱûǵ˵ǿܵһ֣ⵤ֮ڣ֪ŶٵʬҪ֮ºѡС򵤺ӣۣܹ׳۵ĵ֮ڣĵʬ
ⵤڵ֮ŨͷˣӵҲ൱鷳
ԣֶȴһЦ·Դ˲⣬һŵӳⵤϣһЩԶ̨֮󷨣ܹϡ͵е֮ͬʱܷʬɧš
ŶǺеõٵϢСЩص
ֶЦЦѸӹӣĿȴϸɨţԼʮӺĿһֻ·ǳ֮£һϵƽֵ̨ĸֶ
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ǹƽֶ̨һЦУʱڷӿԪڴ˿𽥵ƽϢ
̨֮ص󷨣ֻҪ߶ܹγǿķֵطЩԶרΪе׼ġֶ֣ΪһĻܹ㹻֮ɹ٣
֮ǰƺýһЩ鷳ֶ׼Ѱ󷨴߶ʱСȴͻȻŹֵЦ
ԣֶһǲʲô΢̧ͷֻԶƷ𣬽ţʮӰǴԶ䵽̨֮ϡ
ﱻӥռˣʮϢʱ䣬Ѱ
ʮӰһ֣һǴ̶


İپʮ ӥ
ৣ
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ֶĿ⣬ɨ£ǿʮ˾֮λһӸֶĿưɢǿᲨȴҲõףݰеڵġ
ҵ˭ԭ÷зֶܹҵҲеͣӥռˣѰȥɡɫưӵƳֶһۣǽǸ˳ҲΪֶħֵԵʡ
ֶüͷ΢ӥͷҲһЩҲһ߼ʵѷɫħֻû뵽Ȼ
Ҳǳ߼󵽵ĵװɣֶЦⵤ֮Ȼֻ̨һĽ˴ÿҲԸܹ¡
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˵ŻʱҲŲ͵ɱӿ˵ֶĴţȴûõʲôɵ֮飬ʵͬǴһԪĶ壬˵ʯһϸСĲ࣬ӥȴʤǿ߱ħ࣬ʮˣŰλ̤ӥľݣֶˣܷʲôˣ
һͱˣֶҲһĨ⣬СףƸǻ֮ϵƬչļ
СӣûУЦ
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Сصص˵ͷ׹¶ǱӶ֮ʱֶһһ֮γɹĤһ֮УС׵Ҳš
Сץɱڵس֮磬ֶһѪҲ˳ȻͬǶ֮ڣڵʵ߶֮磬ܹסǿߣһԪǿ΢ǿСкҲֲƻ֮磬ˣѪǻúõдš
֮ڣҲǱͻȻӶĹĻһ£һôҲһԪǿߣŭȵҪţһ֣ⶫʲô˺ѿ
Ȼĺո£ɫǴſµǰĺڰĺݺݺ֮ϡ

쳹һɲǣǱˣѪٵķӿţȻ֮£æתԪסĿĴɨ۴ȫһƬڰ֪ﶼǱȥ
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ڰ֮УΨһıܴһЩȭȭЩĲҽС
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أ
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飡
ϰ˺ݺݵһȭѼˣһǴӺڰ̽ݺݵغֱϣѵ̶Ĵ
ˣ˳
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ѵ˵ĳڰ֮ʱֶǵϷҲǴǶУֱӱǱһѪ˳Ŀתͷ̨ϣʱֶЦеĽš
Ҿ󣬽ҪСֶһЦ£ѽ߰Ȼ쳹ʵЩ޷һĻֶ嶼ûմһ£ȴȫģǴ˳ȥӥñˡ
ѵЩͷӥǿ߼æɢ׼Ըֶʱֻ̨ͻȻһĹĻڶգۼ䣬γһŨĹ̨֣׵׵ڶȥ
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ҾͲǲҷţӥԼħ˶ҪСӳʱһ񣡡
Ťⵤ֮Ϻݺݵػصš


İپʮ 
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ֵӣЩԶµ֮ã󷨷൱ǿĻѵ췭ظ޷亳˿
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ҲֻеһЩǿԶز౦ʸ
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źڶӣһɹ֮ҲͬɽıССΪȵ̨֮еŨֱ֮ǻΪһɹɳԴԴϵӿֶԺڶ֮С

ǵȰ֮ӿ룬ֶ֮ϵҲ޷Զ죬䣬ܹƤ£һϸ΢ĳâɿ䶯š
ֶʵǴڰ벽Ķ壬ҲǾ߱˳ʸ񣬲ȴǱһֱѹţΪףڳʱͬ췿Ӵػһ㣬ػԽι̣պĳɾͰͻԽҪһȻΪ֮ӵȡ֮֮޼ɵؽػޱȵĽʵι̣
֮ӿֶ֮УһֳȣҲȻӶ֮ĿǱùһЩ
𽥴ȶȣֶ֪ڵ֮𽥵ڴﵽܹܵļޣֶȴû˿Ļңһ棬ǿʼ͸һ˿˿ĽɫâƬ֮壬Ǳڽ֮С
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һУͬˮһ˳
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˵С׵ٶ޷ӵֶȣҲͬԶԶĳͬȼǿߣϾôС׶ӵħѪټǱʣǿ쳣ֿգҲܹܵķΧ֮ڡ
һԣСЩ۵ֶ֮Сף״̬ȡõЧҲǼΪ΢СҪͻͽҪӵ塭
һΣһҪõתֵСҧҧؿֶԼСʵ𽥽ĸоɲãһе֮УҲ൱ԺյĴڣȴ䵽أİܡ
պʵָһҪЩ͵ϮҵĻ˶ģΪϢò͵ү֪˭𣿡
𵱳֮ĻСУȻһ˿˵Ѫ˿
Ҷү֣ҪǳǧٱĴۣ
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Щ˵ֶڵʯ֮УҲµţ鳹׵ɢ
Щ֣ѪԸ񣬱ȻҪֻġ
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СӣүܷٶȻָ͵ÿˡСȻǱСڿɻû취үĿ࿴ܳԽүˣҪ磬ҲûġСֶĿЩӣһЦ
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̨֮ڼžʱ̨֮ĵ֮ߣȴǼ˵֣ӣȻԶز൱˵һطڷΧ̫벻עĿѡ
ԣʱУԽԽǿ߸ڵһۿ嫵ĵʱ޲𺳣ţǱ˲źΪǷ֣ⵤ֮ڵ̫֮ճ˸Ͳֱӵգǵ֮ĵʬҲǼ鷳ֻҪԿӣǻĹ˷ʤ
һֱ֣Ѫĳ嶯ͬʮĶǰһʳȥʱȴ֪Щʳо綾ֻܿܳһơ
˵ǻܹǿģھ˶ʱĲʺ󣬲ûжʱ䣬˷˵֮Щص̨ƺܹյϡ֮
һ֣һ𶯣֮ϱǱޱȵ֣ÿһ̨һΪҲпᡣ
ͬʱ䣬ڵ֮ϱսʱֶ̨֮⣬ȴǲ֪䣬ΧЩдȻĿѣȻС˵һ׵ưոݣ


İپʮ ˫
Ӵ嫵ĵ֮ϣʱʱӰӶţ֮ڱǳӰֻҵĴսڵӵĸڽϵš
һεԶزؿȻҲǳ׵ĴƬռļžӶʹߵĻҡ
ʱǵӵĳԵӰӵڴˣǵĿ⣬ЩЦǰڣ֮£һϵֻ̨֣ڵ̨ϣһȦΪŨĳȦ֣Ȧ֮ϣɢǿ
ЩӰθԲͬǰҲǽȻͬȻͬһ
ѣǽֶСĶ棿ȺУһĿɨ̨һۣƫͷһԵһʵ
ţۿȥģ¿֣ǿʬϲôСбһһܹõȻһЦ
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Ҵ˴һǰȥħʯڳڶ٣߳ɰճɹɹʱǻʵĶԪǿߣֶ֮ĶԹʱһͻֶСӣڽӣ
ŶʯҪڶˣ
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ⷽǿߵ־֮֮Ч⣬ÿһǴ£Ӷǿһ൱ǿĵز
һɣٶȵȵһжǻ֮ǣһɱ䡣
ǿܹ֮е컯ǿߣΪҪģΪԪΪۻ룬Ϊӵǿı£ǽܹЩ컯ǿߵĹȻ˻ҲǾԣϾϣܹǻֶ಻Գˡ
ӴڵĽǶ˵컯ǰ벽ǿߣӵǿߣû˿ʤ㡣
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ֽ룬ֱˮɣһж˵˳;û谭

ֶʵųʸ񣬵ȴǵѹڣѹƣȴõһ㣬ǿ谭
һ쳣ۻǿϢ𽥵شֶӶȦ֮УϢ֮ǰֱǿֹ
˷ֶԼ˶ôӴֱ֮ӽȻƵΧЩֱȡֱ֮֮֮ǿǸоԳʱ𽥵ذ֡
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ǿħʯڵʱҲֻܳܰʮֶ֮ܵģȴʯ֮ࡣ

һŽɫֶıϢǽյ˫ۣҲڴ˿̶Ȼн¶ԶԶȥٲȻһŭĿգϱ¶

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СͻȻ¶֮ɫֶȻҲʲôεˡ
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ӱԵѵһգǵĿ⣬ǽ֮ڸֵ̨УŲ׹˸š
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һԪǿͬʱ֣ƼΪĲжֶһҲǲ޼ɵڴ֮ǰҲԳԹֶ֮Ǳ棬ǵսȻۿۡ
ԣ˷һ֣ȫΪԪǴ߶˼£ٲȻֶ˲Ϣնɱֶͷ

ԭվֶСڵˣҲâкɫضأ֮ϵƬҲǵ˸ɭɭâ
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˵ĽҼΪĲ죬գĽֻ֣һΪǿԪʯӸµֶУŨԼȻ
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ֶǹصصǽ֮ϣȴǶȻһ𻨣˸֮ϡ
ֶֻҪɹ˵ڶ٣ܹγɷ֣Ʋˣ
Ǳεڽֶ֮ʯʱ̲סЦȻ֮ͬ´ɭɲ
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ӹ˵ͷƤȴ˶飬̣ʵе㺧˵ļ󡭡

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ǿ־度£һȲĻȡ
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ԣ֮䣬ֶǼΪϵؽˣϾΪСȥѰνתֵ

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ֶһһֱǳȺǰҲϻһץԪХγѹȣֱǽȺѹס
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ֶ촽΢ϲĻڵԶزΪҪˣתֵҲ


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ֶûǬż֮ж̫ãڼĪ˳ĽܴкҲٶȶֱ뿪ϵĹ㳡
żĹĻȻǽѳףֶҲûзʲô˼˳뿪ӹĻгʱʱյΧǲྡɢȥǴСֱӶԶزȥ
Ȼ˴νżֶҲûջʯϼ˲ٹԶزصϢϢֶǹǺõȻ࣬һЩͨ·ߣǱ֪
յĿֶ꣬ҲûĴת˼Զز˵ɴпܲ٣ҪģɲͨĴС
ֱˣһ֣ǾҪõģȻԶزУǿĴУӦڣ˵ƿߣǵȴУȻѰ֮
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ϾʸҰĽԼǿߣȻᳬħԼʯЩˣǼΪļ֡
ڣҪһŴ䵽УŲаɡֶ̧ͷŻɿռңԶ֮

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ֶҲףֻıãҲ˵𽥵ؽӽԶزصЩطѰԼǿǲҽġ
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һεĸ·ֶûõԼڣֱѡͨķʽþŻʴ˵ٶȱȲǰҲΪ̫ж
˴θ·ûг̫ãԼʮӺֶǸо¶ȿʼ𽥵ؼĳ죬·Ҳǿʼϡ
ԽԽϡ裬ǳ׵ɢȥֶ̤𺣣̧Ŀųǰ׳۹һĻ֪˳ضɹ󣬵ִﵽԶزص


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ȻЩͣƾǵͼĳܹߵһǲ򵥡

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λô˵ĻǲҲЩ̫˵㣿Ȼ׼ʱһֱǵֶǵһЦʯյ£תͷĿϷʵضζˡ
Ǳֶ׷˳ζ˫Ҳ΢΢һ£ô
ʯ֮ϵȭ⣬ҲǴȥִУзҲӦãֵҲˣǲǾ͹˵㣿ֶЦЦĿԴһ˿ĿĽɳص
ֶȴУߵ֮ûֻ˵ûǱ¶ѣҪǽõĴн㣿Ľɳ̲סЦ
ǰ˴󲿷ֵħȮѪҲƽϣͱΪ㹻ʸƽȺǿɲʯֳԪ˿ɱȣ
һԵζ˶Ŀ΢ûп˵ʲôȻΪĴʱҲûжֶȻлǶֶһɵ
ʱУҲʼĩƺֶнʯգȻʲô־ͱŴȥζᡭ
ҪƺҲǺԶ׼ռô˵ֶȻǲưոݣҪĽɳ˽ĶȻҲǲܵ顭
Ļβôѹƣ¶ⲻһ潻ˡ
һ뵽ˣĿ⵹Խң˵ȻҲԽã˵ǻܹһѣʲô֮ϲҲ˵
㵹˵òĴУȷߵ֮ͣ»ﲻΡֶ΢΢һЦ˵Ļȴõòɫ΢һ¡
ŶǺǣֶʯ˲ٰȻ仰ѾٴΣһǵø˵˿ɲ̫֪ߵغˣʱԵԲʲô¡Ľɳɭɭ飬˭֪λɳǿߣǶֶһ˿ɱ⡣
õǴнɡ
ȻĽɳɭɭ֮ֶȴһ̧ۣٶ˵ϻȻơ
СӣĽɳǿ߼״ŭ
ĽɳĿضֶƬ̺󣬺䴫˿֨ĹصСӣ˵⻰㻹ûʸҲãҲʶһ£λʢļһ﾿ʲô˲õĵط
ϣ㲻ֻѿķ
µɲǣĽɳҲǳһȶۻԪͬɽ͵ӿһǿѹϯζ˵֮⣬޲Ǽæˣ߶ԪԪѹ
أ
ĽɳΣֱǻΪһӰӶԪֱۣǴž˵ѹݺݵضֶϯȥ
Ľɳ̲סض֣СжʱѪ˿ӿҪʱֶȴǻֽ£һȵԪԼǰۣγһϡ
ˣ
ĽɳĹƣݺݵɾԼԪ۶ɵ֮ϣǴһͳ죬˵ǿ͵ľȴûн顣
ƾһԪԪԼһӡʦӲԪǿߣֶҲܹ·磡
ѹ˲ԭе㱾£¾ûȺˣ
Ʊ裬ĽɳҲһЦһɫԪХ䣬ǻΪɳƼΪ׳ۣȻ㽫ֽȥ
ɳʴƣ
ɳ֮ڣȶȻֻɳֱۣǻΪһ޴Ļɳ֮ƣƷ֮У̺һʴ֮ǵصضֶֶȥ
ΧˣĽɳ̣ȻҲЩ죬ȻҲ֪ɳʴƻĽɳɱ֮һû뵽ѸٵرǱʩչ˳ֶ͹Ȼǳ
ζԼһĻҲ΢΢һǵʵĽɳ£ȹƣҲ׵ĵ
ֶ̧ͷͫӡǼϻɳľ޴ӡܹͬоĽɳ⹥ƵԼ̺˿˿ɱ

һŰֶ֮Ŀע£һȭ
ƽʵһȭû˿ѧĹ켣Ҳû̫˵ԪȣһȭȥԵޱȵͨû˿˾ĵط
Ȼ˭֪ǣֶһȭӳɲǣ䵤֮ڵǰ˼ȭ⣬ȴһ䶯һȭ⣬ֶ£
䣡
ȭӿֵɲǣֶƽʵһȭͬ㾦һ㣬˲̥ǣһ޷ݵĸ;һֿµٶȣϯ
ζԼɶ˵ɫǾ䣡
ɲǣоֶӰ·ϵʯںϵļ
ǲ֪һĻʲô䣬ȴֶܹԭʵһȭڴ˿ӵ˼Ϊֲı
أ
̺Ű˼ȭȭ磬õǻɳӡӲһ
ƣ
ͳޱȸ͵ڣȻֶдһɲǣ۾˲ֻĽɳȫһƣֱڴ˿̱
ৣ
󷽵ĽɳɫҲڴ˿̶ȻɷֶУӿһĨŨŨľ


һʮ ䷭
֮ڣžжһ˿ε֮ɫʵЩ޷ţĽɳȫһƣֱӱֶƽʵһȭǿ飡
ÿµȭ⡭
ȻζǿߣȴǼ˵أȻܹоǴֶһȭ֮ɢľȭ⣬ָͣҪ䱬أ
ʵЩ޷ֶôܻӵ˿µȭ⣡
Ƿǳȭ翵ȴּǿĶܹģֻЩǿߣֿܹµ⾳
ǸΣѧǶԶʧȥ˴ãӵǵ⾳Ͷ䣬߱űذ
ôܡ
˶һۣǴӶԷпһЩ֮ɫζ˶ҲȷΪĴھʼ𾪺б֮ɫƬ̺һʲô
˼ĴУѧǰ˼ȭ⣡
ζ˶˵ɫɲǼÿɬӿһ׷ĪĸоõѧȻ㲻˼ȭ˲ֹһΣ
ǰǻΪõжϲģҲǱһˮǵǱġ
һ𶯵ĿУĽɳɫЩ԰׵ļһ˿ضֶ˻Ƶصǡ˼ȭ⣿
㾹Ȼõ˰˼ȭ⣿
ĻĽɳ̲ס˳ӿŨṴ̃ԼʣԭΪֶ˴εĺջֻĻȴõף˴ΰ˼żЦģֶ
֮
ֶ΢΢һЦЦݵǰ㲻٣Ľɳ̲סһѪ³Ȼֶ֪˵ʲô˼ֶܹõ˼ȭ⣬ƺܻԭ򡭡
ѵ
Ľɳ˼ҲΪͷת·ʲôͫȻһţֻնİ˼ȭ⣬ɲʯϣ
ˣû
ֶЦЦȻһٶһȭݺݺ
˼ȭ⣬Ҳٶȴ䵤֮ӿֶϢҲڴ˿̱ͬƲľװ;
䣡
ռݺݵزһ£ǵ̺һ;ȭ磬ͬ籩㣬ϯĽɳ
ˣȻõ˰˼ȭ⣬Ϊλǳ֣ѵ⣬׼ǺɣΪ˭Ǿ˵ȭѹĽɳڵԪת·ܵѹƣŭ
ҲǺȴǲϲԼ̬ȣֱֶһǹɰȭ磬ǿĺд߶ԪԼŻסĽɳ
ˣ
ȭȫװĽɳ֮ϣͳ˵ƣڰϯȻ˱ǼĽɳ֮ϵĲֱǾرȥ
ͣ
һѪĽɳǱĵݺݵײڵ֮ϣǼӲǽڣѸٵعѳһѷ졣
Щɳǿ߼һĻ޲Ǻɫ䣬ǲû˵ֶʯĴԣǱϾ˵ĽɳʵʯҪǿһ£ֻ棬ȻǲҰֶУ
ৣ
ֶαӶһ˸ǳĽɳǰһץ˺ǣһ֮Ȼ˱ǼһžֱǱӲĳĽɳԴ
Сף
ţֶһͺȣֱһ˦ǽǹ˦Сףһһץڡ
ֵĴѧᣬĽɳ۾Ѫ͵תͷζ˶ˣɭɭصǻΪʱԹۣһŹô
ĽɳȻףƾһ֮ǵõ˰˼ȭֶĶ֣Ҫ俹⣬ζ˶֮
ζ˶Ľɳ˻ҲǱһ£˫΢΢գƬ̺ͻȻɿȻ̧ͷȴǳֶһЦֶҪĻѧǽǡ
΢ľ˾ֶе㵵ζ˶ˣȻû뵽λԪǿߣȻѡ
ǣ
ĽɳҲĿɿڴһĻ̲סһû뵽ζ˶˾Ȼթ̶ֳȡ
ֶζ˶ˣҲЦһ˵˼ѧζ˶˴ĵ׵Ĳ뽻Ҳ֪õ˼ȭֶжôѲ¾ֱӷŵ棬ô˵׿ڷֱǸֶӣļƵȷǲǳҪԸ񣬵õֶЩ졭
ȴ֮Ե˵֮Ȼλд˻ԵȻûʸ˵ϻֶ΢΢ͷҲûн̫Ц
ֶĻĽɳǾߵ֮ƣ˼ȴǽȻͬĽɳɫޱȵ࣬һҪ
ζ˶ˣȴԵһĨϲɫֶһȭⷬȷô٣ֶĽɳ˵ǿ
ֶ㲻Ҫ̫ˣɳԲưոݣ
Ľɳɫ׽ԵüΪǱΧЩϷʵĿ⣬ĨȥǵѪһݻ˼Ϊʵתȥ
ֶƳһĽɳıӰҲûܹĽɳֶԪǿߣҪӵĻҪնɱȥҲҪһЩΪۣڣȻ뽫ЩĽɳϡ
ڣһĿһĻ̲סذզ࣬һЩߣϵɨֶʵЩ޷ֶȻܹһ֮õ߼ǱƵ÷䡣
߰ɣҲÿˣǲ˰
ΧĿ⣬ֶδ⣬ƫͷСһЦȻҲڴͣһζ˵˸ӵĿУתȥ


һʮ ż
˾ʯֶСҲδʲôֱͣӶزȥ
˴εİ˼ż˵ջ񲻷ƣֶȻûлʲôѧУǰ˼ȭ⣬ȴǿı
һ˵ְ˼ȭ⣬һ⾳⾳ֻЩʵǿĳεǿߣܹ٣ֶʵǾԴﲻһԺҲܹ߱⾳ȴǲڣҪʱɳ
ʱܹõһȭ⾳ĦպֶҲǻżΪ޴İ
˼ڵż˵ķҲ֪ǻһĵڴУǱ˭õˡ
԰ӹֶҲ૵ܹزģʲôߣҲֶֻһŻԵһЩˣ˵Ե
СףǰõĴʲôֶͻȻƫͷСףЦʵ
һѧ˼ӡӦһµѧСͷЦѧϲý˼ڱ͸;䱾Ҳʣҵѧʺθڡ
µѧô
ֶһԶɣҲһѧⶫóȥЩ߼ҲͷѪѧֶֻµȲΣҲԶϵ컯ѧɱȡ
˼ѧŰ˼ȭӣܳɱǣȻӵѧȭҲǱز٣ֶͻȻһС֮ϣʱһ˼ȭǹڡ
˼ȭ⣬ҲвСãܣԺҪá
ֶõİ˼ȭȻǿ󣬵ڲǱĶȭ⣬ÿʩչһΣǻһ֣Ҳ൱󣬲ΪܹСӵŸȭĻᣬȻҲǲģСʵܹǿһ֣ԣҲһõ¡
˵˳ĵִﵽزһЩ֣½Ἣļ֣ЩˣһǿߣԶսĴҪԼл֪ںδתֵ治һ򵥵顭
С׸Ӧӿڵһ˼ȭ⣬̺ĸҾ֮⣬Ҳϲ֮ɫָ͵ζȻ˼֮
䣡
ֶһ˼ȭСڲãңԶǰռͻȻ˾ҵĵͳ֮һɹɾ˵Ĳͬ˳һ㣬ԶԶϵƬռ
ͻĶ̼Ǿ˴Զزصˣ֮ƷһӰնĿضǿռ
ǡ
ֶ˫۽Ƭ̺ͫȻһĿռУ䣬ƺһޱӴֺĵ죬ֶ
ǵϣܹģĿһЩ׳۵ĽȺһְ֮⣬Ǹ־룬˸е𺳡
Ĵż
ֶһĨ֮ɫɫȻϲزأǳô
󻤷ɵżѾ˿ˡֶĿͷȴ̲סظ̾ԶսǲԻô̵ʱУ󻤷ɵżѾȫ
߰ɣСףҪģСܷػҲ˴ˣ
ֶȣαӶһ·Ǿ裬ǵִҪʲô¾͵ıӲսˣ
ţ
СҲصص˵ͷ˶ƽ֪ͬҪԵģ½ǽԶսԺΪյľˣ
ݣ
Ĵżĳ֣زգдˣ۶жôǿ˿һļ֮ƷһӰǵصĴ˷еſռӶȥ
һ˼żڣǳµѧȱŰ˼ȭָǿܹƿصĶĴڣΪ˵ԣǵĴУǺεȵĲΣ
⣬¹󣬾ѪڣֻҪܹ˵ĵõĴһһУһɳ죬Զս֮ӱΪǿ֮һĴڣ
ջ󣬾ֶԸ񣬶̲סͷѰˣ˭ܲΪ֮
Ӱɽ·ʱزƫӰҲǻشһɽеż߳
ǺǣżôĴ󻤷ɵżҲ˵õءӰͷһӰİֶǰףģȻҲѰһż
ЩһﻹǺˣǷ˲СľҵĴԪżҲ֪ǵڶİ˼ԼһĵڣǱЩ˼һõˡһӰЦ
󻤷żȻϾֻСˣҲ̫ۣˣڲſʼأ߰ɣҲˡЦһȻӳȶǿռżȥ󷽣º籵Ҳǽ
ǹô
һɽϣһӰԶӹյӰ԰׶޳ƴ̽΢΢̧ͷ¶һе԰׵ףȻֶڽԶززú󣬱λԳɭؼһ
Ĵȫ٣ȤˡɭĿ⿴˿գһЦһǹĴɽʧȥ
أ
һ϶صżţͻȻըѶһӰǱĵѪ»һ۵ĺۼ־ǴӴл߳Ӱлδ˵һʯӱ˺ѿ䲱Ӷ
żǽϣżΪģĺۼԼԼ·ǹһޱȵġ䡱֡
Ǹõط
ǵ޳Ӱ˸һЦ̧ͷռȴͻȻżΪɫӿֶҲ˰ɣǺܺڵﵽʲôزˣ˵һֻ֪ңʷΪܳţ
ֶֻ꼻һֶѣ
£ҫſϣǰޱϤģȻֱֶõ죡


һʮ 
ݣ
֮ϣƷһӰҲ֮ѸٱӶϵľ޴Χ
죬Ӵֺ룬ɭɽݺᣬٲȻһƬϵĴأһç֮ǴɢϣԵޱȵİ
һȥǿͷһӰΧͬϰС
׳ۡ
ֶС׳ڴʱҲ̲סһ̾гž֮ɫƬ֮еκν·û˿𻵣ϡ䣬ܹ޾䳡˷ڣ졣
߰ɣȥ
ֶȵضǿͷĴżΪҪĵطǳ֣ǣҲöѰǴ˴εĿ꣬תֵ
ֶܹоʱʯСǼ飬ֻҪܹõתֵܹٶػͬʱҲӵػ۷ʱڵĻᣡ
ֶָģ΢΢һЦһΪһ⣬ֱͶ޾Ӵ֮С
ʱܣҲͬһӰȲسʱ䣬žµĵż̼
䣡
ԽԽӰƬ죬ͻȻ䣬Ĵƺǲ󣬴رѣһЩ·ǳ˯ϢҲڴ˿ѹ˻쳹أһХһЩùļһﱻ˺ѳһƬѪĭ
ãСģ⵺олޣ
ͻı仯жʱһǴӵбĺâצɫЩ仯
ֶҲΪһĻһ£û̫⣬ϾĴڵżʲôرĵطҲΪ棬ЩѹޣϢȻǿᣬס˿ѶȲСȻȻҲһЩ˸е鷳ֶˣһ֮С
СܸӦתֵλô
ˣ඼ŶԵĵȻ޷ӦתֵλãⶫӦҲڵĽ죬ΧȻֲҩĵҩСֳ˸Ź֮ɫѸٵ˵
Ƭ죬ҩζŨģǸ򣡡
ֶ˳Сָķ˿ҲǸһĨЦݣٶ˵ϻֱС׻ΪӰӶ
żӴɭҲǳŲѵһ־˵ٶȣܲУֶͼͨʱҲ˲ٵĹ˵֮ΣҲǱӻһЩٶȡ
鷳
ֶٶȱС׳һӺɵһͷԶޣ̲סҡҡͷ⵺бԽԽ˴ҼȻܹӦҩķҲȻǿͬĸӦ
˭֪Զɶʲôи鵤Ϊ֮ԴʱȻҲźܶǿߴ˷ضŵȥֶȥˣתֵ˽ȵǣǿҪˡ
ߣһȺʩչֶڵص׵ԶޣҲүǰ磬࣡Скâһʱ˭תֵ¶ᱻֱӸˡ
ˣ
Ϻڹâ͵شСϯΪһӰʱ䣬һֿµѹϯ
ӰֵʱֶظоһС׵嶼΢΢һ£ܿǻָ
أ
ѹϯ£ЩǻԶ޶ʱһһɢ
Ҳֻˡֶٶӿֵ֮ɫС̲סһЦ
ԣջ˵ʲôСһǺ߳ŭص֪ƨүָˣʱ֪үͣ
ֶЦһҲٶżһ⣬ζȻӶ
СЩǻޣֶٶǼӿ࣬ԼʮӺ˸еѹֵɭɢȥٶȳǰģһƬͷҩĺ
棬ҩƬƬشţŨҩζҪ۳ʵһ㣬ڰա
ôֱʡ
⺣ҩֶҲ̲סظһĨ֮ɫҪֹģҩ¾һЩ߼ûܹͰ쵽˵Ĺģеֲ
ҩ룬ǵˡСָҩķҩ֮УԼܹһӴĵ
ߣ
ֶ촽ЩĿҩջأҩ඼ǷƷͨһУԵõҲû̫Чҩ鱦ֱӣ
ˣֶС׵ΣֱӹƬҩλõĵȥ
һƬ򣬵ֶʱǵϵĻҳҲǵȻǳꡣ
ⵤУŲپ޴ĵңֶֺ俪һķķӡȻǼˮǵصĴӵ֮ӿ֮ɫ򣬾˵֮ӿա
ֶ̲סһĭֻһбȽСģĵҶѣбӵ治֪ⵤӵŶôӴĵҩԴ
ȹģ£ֶЩأзһ˿⣬ȻҲϻǬչͬһ㣬ԴԴϵӿ˽ȥ
̶̲ӵʱ䣬ٶǹֶǬУȷգֱզࡣ
ৣ
ֶȡʱԶƷһЩӰҲ䵽˵УȻǼǵ֮гĵʱ˲佩Ӳһɲǣ۾ҲǶȻѪ
찡ȫ
е˷쳹У޷εϲ
ߡ
ֶһЩҪ̼÷ļһҲûйڵ̰֪ڴͬҪ£ȴﵢʱ򡭡
ֶοӳĿ⣬ȴ˵һΪӴĵң䣬ֶиܵеļµĲ
תֵӦñ


һʮ 
Ӵĵ֮УһӰѸٵش˷ȻڶĺҲڴ˿̱ôȻǱԴ𺳡
䣡
һ۾ţһɲǣЩĵңֱǱĴݻٶȥǻӿ˳˵֮Ҫʵһ㡣
Щͬˮӵӿĵ˶ǺݺݵһĭһӶᡣ
ӶУȻⲻñҴսˣ඼ѱֲԴûǣǿ߶ԣޱȵҪֻӵ㹻֮ǷܹϵشԪҴﵽԵһٵĳ̶ȡ
ƽӵֻ֮СҪٶȣǱزٵĶΪֶʧȥһЩǣȻҲǼΪ顣
ⵤ͵رɱʱֶȴǲδ˶ͣĿ⿴򵤳һӴҡ
˵ЩͬǴѵúܣȴ֪أֻҪĵתֵСָܹӶʵҲѸٵػָʱСǿػԣܵõĺôȻԶԶĳʱЩ
ߣǴ˹ϵһ㵥ĽǶȶԣֶҲŷЩ㹻ɡ
УСȻҪǼǧƵΪҪ
ⵤӴ󣬼ֶٶȣҲӺ󣬷ŵִΪĵ֮ǰ
ұ𵤳طԵøΪĹϣƵĴ֮ϣƺŹϷĵ·޵ɢ
ֶЩϲɫϵңҲϻԪХȻһȭǺݺݵغš
ˣ
ϵĴųֶȫһ֮еıȴûг֣ȻֱֶǱŲڵ漱̤סΣӿһЩ֮ɫ
һַţ޷ǿйƣʩչôǿĹǳ׽䱬ȻĻὫСֳŴſһᣬͻȻ
ԸȻϾʴô꣬ѡ
ֶ֪ʱȣҲҹĳӣѸǰƼΪ͵ڹϴϣ֮ǱʴŴ֮ϵһϷġ
ͣ
֮ӿ£һϵķģҲ𽥵رãƬ̺ǳ׵ɢȥ
ЩϷɢȥͻȻһ־˵ٶȱøһֶǰ¡
䣡
Ŵŵĵĵ֮ڣһɿƿµĵͬǧĻɽһ㣬͵緢
ʵʣӵֶǱ𿪶ȥڿգһ֮ڣɼ
ģ
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ߣϽȥֶСһ֣ȻͬӰĴܽǵС
֮ڣ߲Եֻͣеƣ΢Щ衣
裬ھƬ̵Ӧ󣬱ӣֶ̧ͷĿһɨ̲סݺݵһ
ƬСдһ޴ʯЩʯϷһöɫͬĵҩһɹɾ˵ĵϵشЩҩ֮ɢһⵤ֪ЩҩʲôѰ֮
ֶĿ⣬ŵζɨƬ̺͵һöɫԲҩ֮ϣ˶Ǻݺݵزһ£૵ǡɶ򵤣
νɶ򵤣ҲΪɽٵÿһǿıҩ˭֪ǿΪµı٣ܶǿߣ棬ɶ򵤣ܹɹɹٵļʣ
ԣֻҪӵ˶ɶ򵤣Ž߳ɵĻɹһ٣˵е󣬵Ҳ֪ⵤҩǿ֮
ԣֶﾹȻһöֻ˵ġɶ򵤡ʱ˵ʧ̬
٣ͬҲǸļɵ˵ʯ壬Ž٣һٱһٿֲڲŶɹһ٣˭ܱ֤Ժÿһٶ˳ضɹɶ򵤵Ļɻ࡭
ֶ죬βסĻ֮ɫһɲǣֱӱӶһѶʯ֮ϵĶɶץ˹ȥֶɷǵòɣ
ֶμ죬һ֮£ǳǶɶ֮ǰۻԪӿΪƣһץɶ򵤡
䣡
ȻֶץסǵҩʱͻȻһһɾ˵ĵӿ䣬·γõΣֶĴƸ
ף
ɶ򵤵ķõֶһ£Ȼû뵽һöҩܹĴȻֻһ˲䣬̻عһЦһһȦڶӶ
ͣ
ǹǿĵոսӴڶǱһɣֶ̽ƣǽöɶץС
ҩһ֣һ̵ֹ¶ȱɢԼ䣬ֶܹ̺Ӵ
Ƕɶôֶ̲סͷһͷĵҩҩɫϵƻƣǳһ㣬ǹ֮ѡ
ⶫóȥĻٵֵϵһмУǿߣΪöҩͷѪ
ֶֽɶǬȻĿٻȵʯĵҩĵҩȻǷƷ
Сף⶯֣öǶ٣
ֶС״ߴһٶȿ죬һᣬǵøϽ֡
ֶĻСҲǲֱӱӶڹĺХЩҩϯȥ
˺Хⵤ֮Уʲôҩʲôôܹߵģȫչζȥֵطɲ㶼ġ
չٶ൱֮죬ȴȻδܽⵤչζգԼӺֶҲԶ˼ٵƷһӰĴ֮ܽС
˻
ЩڳֺҲǼʯһööľƷҩһЩ۹ⶾߣǺݺݵصɲǼ䣬ƺǸоڵѪҺڷڡ
ô
ֶҲǲľٶ˫΢УʱҲǵִﵽ˵ҵλãȻ̧ͷĿλá
һɫĹʯʯˣһöڰ׽ڰĵҩ
䣬һ֮ζ
תֵ
һɲǣ̸ֶͣɬʯ֮ڣСϢҲֱ߰Ĳ


ٶʮ תֵ
ڰ׽ĵҩںɫʯˣЩɢž˵ĵҩȣöҩȴԵüΪƽϸܲ˿ĵ֮ζڣȥһöڰԲʯһ㡣
Ȼʯ֮Сǽ߰ϢУֶȴ֪ǰⵤҩӦñСĶҲֶҵǧġתֵ

ֶĺԵļһ㣬ǽǰĵҩĶǸеԼԲԵеѣΡ
ֻҪⶫСܹػպٶȻָ۷ʵҲǲܵ¡
ֶѹȵľȻҲϻٻһתֵ֡
ݣ
Ȼֶʱ󷽣ȻӶֱָҪλǳ֮ˣҲ൱

ȹƣֶһ֣СкɫǺɨֱǽ羡䱬ȥ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ǺӰֶԶǵĿ⣬Ҳǳ̰ضǺɫʯ֮ϵתֵȻҲϳͷĵҩ
ֶ˵ֻҪһܶصˣֱܹ൱ڻĶܹõڶһ
λͻȻ֣ʲô˼ֶתǳںӰЩȻһЩʵĸ߼ȵˣ̤˶ԪĲΣʵ൱֮ǿ֮ǰζ˵ˡ
λѣǰ棬ȡĵҩ൱ƣһߣôɾ̫ðɣһӵص
ֶƳһۣ̲סЦһȻǰһЩȽصĵҩȱֶСߣȻвٵҩչξ⣬޴˵

˵˴ջҲӦãöҩøǣΣָתֵЦеص
Ҳֶŭˣ˶Ǵﵽ˶ԪĵزʣˣҲһԪĲΣֶˣȴһԪѡ
ֶ˫΢Уɫе㲻
Ǹʯֶɣ˵ȷԪǿʸ񣬲һǷȰ㣬²Ҫ̫ſ񡣡ԣһԪǿֶ߲ƵɫЦ
һ֮ҶֵĻԣ
ֶӹһĨ⣬Ȼ׼һʱСͻȻ𣺡ǡ
ͻĻõֶһ£üͷ΢壬ûٶ˵ʲôץС׵ı۰˿һЩ
硣
СҲǱֶľٶһ£ֶЩɻƺЩֶ̫˼
Ǻǣֵֶʶ֮ˣ飬ҵȾͼˡֶ˿ӲɵһЦβסĵ⣬авм⴫÷зļһҲֻ޵󱲰ˣʯУҲǶ
Ŀ˿ֶתƣӶʯ֮ϵתֵһḬ֮̃ɫû˿ĳɣαӶ
ԽԽǿ߶ƬҸһҲЩ˸ϵ֮ǰⵤ֮Ϊĵҩȡߡ
ֶ΢˫ӳӣе˫ȴ̲סػգһ˿˿ɭȻɱ⣬ӿ˳
ֶ̲סؽҪǣӣǵִתֵ֮ǰȻһץ
ͣ
ʣҲһ̶Ȼ൱Ľʱֱ۶ǱýӲӣȻǽ߶˼£ڽ߶ʱȵԪҲӿٲȻһȫװģ
ȫװӵƵִתֵ߷Χʱһ־˵ٶֱۣǹıÿή

Ĳҽдֱ֮ϵĿήһۿɼٶӣ·Ҫ塣
ͣ
ԭӣ˿Ϊ־ŤһȻҲǸоУ͵һҧ䣬ؽһֱ۸
ѪǱĵɶݺݵ䵽ϣŶϱĺţͬ飬ǸϽǰ
ĿһеֶʱҲǺһĿ⾪㤵ǾתֵȻû뵽ⵤҩ˵Ĺ죬ֻɲǼ䣬ǽһԪֱۣһغĿݹǡ
ǰһȥֶڼֶĶ࣬ҲضḶһЩۡ
ȻСصҲڴ˿
ֶһ㶣ʻ൱İ
תֲֵֻ͸ǿ߷ܹƣڵҩʱǻֶ޷˭ţšС͵
ǰҲȷתֵǲҲԲһȥڣСһ㣬ƺûˡ
ƽôֶüͷĻҲ޷õ
Щ鷳֮ɲЩܹġС
ֶ֮죬ͻȻ𵱳ڴĹűռǺͫˣƺǴﵽΡ
ô죿ֶƳһҵһۣʵ
ȵȵȣҲҪһЩʱ֪ƽСһȻǳĬȥŰ취
СĬʱһԵֹסѪɫɷ׵վ𣬵Ŀ⣬ȴǼΪĿֶ֪ᷢ°ɣǹǴǰģ
ӵͬ飬ҲĿݵضֶͷΪıŭ
ӵֶüͷ壬Ҳ𽥵رƫͷˣصԼ̰ģȡ
Сӣ
ֶ⻰ɫ
Ǻǣﵹֵͦġ
Ȼ̲סҪʱͻȻƷһЦӲԶƮ䵽ɫʯԶĵطĿ⿴ʯ˵תֵҲһĨĻȡ
ĴڵĵȻֵҩ߱
ֶ΢ǵֵӰɫеأ֮ɢĲԶӵǿᣬȻѰĶԪǿߡ
ֵô
ֶ촽΢ܹо˵ĲҲȻӵŲǲ֪Ǻηʥ
תֵ֮ԽԽˡ


ٶʮһ 
ͻȻӣһۺۣԼ䣬һѪȰζƮ֪ǰˣЦȻƣʲôƲ硣
һԵӵЦеĺˣɫȴǶȻһ䣬𣿡
𣿡
ƺֶ΢촽ҲԵĽһ£ӹһĨ֮ɫĴǹףɽɽȭԼ
û뵽ǰֵˣȻҲǺĴ֮һ
ǺǣԭĮ˰ǺӿӵһۣЦݺƵص
ȻЦӵȴ͸һЩ˭֪ȥͺȴǼΪı׺ݣȻĻҲһǵͷ
Ǹֶɣ˵Ǽһﶼܿ㰡ֻǿһۣȻǽĿתֶЦ
һѣ̸ʲôءֶƽûӵǰľ壬ϢȷΪǿ˳ٵѰĶԪǿ߲֪ǿ˶٣̶ȣҪֶе־壬˲١
ֶⷬƽ̬۾У˶һ£Ϥ֪Ƕֶ̬е㲻ˬ
ৣ
¶֮󲻾ãƬҲǽԽԽǿ̶ӵʱ䣬һӰ½½ӽ˵ңǶλû۶
ǡתֵ
ˣһ۱ǿʯ֮ĺڰ׵ҩһ𾪵Ǵ˷쳹
Χһĵ̰Ŀ⣬ֶüͷ̲סһ壬û뵽ͷûɧ֮ǰתֵŪ֡
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ЩΪת̵ֵĿ⣬ͻȻתǰĺϣɫһ䣬ȻⱩͷ൱
ǺԸ񣬴Ŀƣʵĺ˵ǰãһԪǿ佻ֱնɱһ˸ɷǡ
תֵұȽϲλӦö֮ɣҲΧЩĿ⣬תֵ΢΢һЦ
ȻЦݣѯʣⵤڣȴһƬžܹЦ֮ӿı塭
ӵɫ׽棬Ŀ˸ţص˿ֶء
Ļƺûж˼ȴõЦеĿ⿴ֶЦֶӦòɣ
ֶƳһӵˣĿ΢תֵҪ˭õԿ°ɡ
ЦΪתֵ֪˶٣ͷȻƾ˽˵ĻδҲ̫߿νˡ
ΧˣΪֶõĻһ£ӹһĨ֮ͬɫҲ˵ֶʯϢǰ𣬿ɲʯ֮ɱȵģ׺ݵļһնɱԪǿ߰
Ӽ״һĨЦֶҵô˵涥ײԺߵӣǾݲġ
һĿ⣬һӰߵϣǹЦݣֻЦ£ӹ
Ҳ̫ϲҵĶ˫ƻգ߳صһƣҸתֵʸ񡣡
ֶЦЦ𵹵ȷǰ¶ݰȴɵһ㣬ĪΪʲôĴͷƬŰ費ɣԶսǿƣвԻ֪֮٣ݰȻֲ
ְɡ
ǣһЦ¶ɭ׵ݣ͸ɭɭ

ԣΧȥҲǻѸ˿ǿֶĿЩ̾ϢζİȻᣬϾʵ֧ţܹʤֶָȻ֮С
ֶ֮ϵЦݣȴһһɱϢش֮ɢ
ʱƺǱͷ൱ƥ䡣
ˣ
͵̤ڵϣʱһͷѵޣ˫ѪһɲǣֱӻΪһⱩӶԭشһ
ֶ˽֣ǿӲ֣һǽӲ£Ǳ㡭ɣ
ΣɲǼֶǰգԪХһһ־˵ٶۡ
ƾȭ
ͳɭĵͺȣ䴫ԪΪӰһֲ֮ݺݵضֶϯȥ
ֵȷ˵ȫû˿֣һȭѰĶԪǿҲԽ£ֶͬʵĻһȭʮа˾űܹȡ
ΧЩǿߣҲΪĳֺɫ΢䣬֮ȷ鴫ĴУ¾һʢˡ
Ǳڣֶ֮ͫмٷŴ󣬶ɫҲӿһĨأԪԼ֮ͬʱӿѸٵعǬ֮С
䣡
صĻҺɫںֶ֮籡䣬һֹĲ
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ں֮ɿۣգۼ䣬ǻΪһϾָֻȴǹ֮ɫһֻҺɫʣȥ͸һء
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ʩչԪԼ֮ŲСģȴӹɡ
䣡
Һھֶָ壬ЯǱײذĿƣԥĺݺǱǺȻײ
ңڴ˿̾ҵĲΧЩǿҲǼæˣӵҲ֮ɫֶȹƣǶǸоΣգǻǵĻֹʱҲȻЩǱ
񱩵԰ͬ籩ϯһЩʯܵը
ͣ
ӰҲǱըನе䵽棬סΡ
һĿ⣬ɲǼͶ˹ȥ
ˣ۶ǳһЩ飬ԪҵĲţģȻֲδֳʤĸо
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һЩгʵž֮ɫȻͷΪ൱𶯡
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ͣЩǳ
ӵͫҲΪһ£ֶƽӣΪκ߶ǲû˿ĿԭֶʵսǳԽǡ
Զսǿ߲٣̫裬ܹ塣
ֶɫЩɭƽתֱӶʯתֵӶȥһץ˹ȥС˽֮


ٶʮ Сս
ৣ
ֶڶĿע±ӶҲһѶתֵץȥΪǰսƣһʱ侹˸ҳһĿ⣬৵
ʱϵЦݣǾ˫ų֮ɫӿȥһŤԵøĿɲ
壿֪ĴҲ̫߹Լˣ
ɭ䳹ǵǻشд˳֮У޷ڸǵɭɭɷ
ͷһƺе㱩ߵļˡ
Ϊ׶߿һ֣ͽԼҵҪ壬Ӳȥ
أ
Ȼ£ҲͬһɲǱӶԪӿһɹǿѹϯ˺Щ
䣡
գһȭһȭǼɱ⣬ץתֵֶݺݺ˹ȥ
оٶϮľ磬ֶҲһȻҪתʱһ׳˶ӰȴǳСס
磬ȡתֵУˣСкɫ͵һƬ˸ɭɭâȻݺݵǵԪһ
أ
ͳڽ㴫͵ľϯڲСʱһɺڹⱩӿ¡
С׳ֶ֣΢㶣ǵ˵ͷСʵ˵ҲֻһԪ䱾ħ壬ǵǿȣֶֻǿֶҲ٣ҪʰҲʲô򵥵¡
֪ôĴƾҲ࿹
ųֵСףʱ̲סŭЦֶͷһЩԶںܹǰһҲûие˼飬һѵΪƾһ£Ҳ˸Լʸ
Сޱ飬˫ĿһɫߣԼ䣬·ŵͳĻХ䶯䴫
еˣҲΪһĻһ£ֶܹ֪ͷȴ֪վ׳˶˰Ĵһʲô·ҿģҲֻһԪѣѵҲӵֶͬı²ɣ
ҹ
ʱû˸ոճʱİȣϵ壬˿һ۱Ǿĺ
ǳˣֱӾ͵ñѹƣϧǣԵģһӵ壬ǿģȴǱΪױ
壡
ԣɫĳʱСײûкˣȵĺɫϯȫͷǶݺݵغ˹ȥ
ΪޣС֮ϱŵƣȫΪ˺ѿĴ̶΢΢һԪӿһ貵Ľӿֱ۳һʵʰĽ֡

صڽϣʱһĽ֮ٵĲţȴδȥ
ȴ޷ҵĽ֣
ӿеȴӹһĨЦһȭ͸֣Ԫȭ۳ͷ֮״ŹСš
ħף
С֮ϺڹӿֱǻΪɫĻƹף֮ϣ˸ŰĹԵüΪļ̡
飡
ȭͷصǻƹ֮ϣ֮ϣ·ŻХһصӿǽĵ
䣡
ֱƾӲһȭС˫Ŀ֮ҲǶȻһĨױ֮ɫȻ趯ΪһӰǵصضֶȥ
С㹥ƣҲɷȵԪ۳֮״ХӰݺײ
ˣ
֮ڵŰǼΪ𱩵ս޲ŨŨ֮ɫȻû뵽վֶһֱͬľˣʵ֮ǿ
С뼤սʱֶƣתֵ߷ΧȴûпήΪһϺɫư˵˿ήֶƣƺҲֻһֻµٶȣһ˿˿Ŀתֵ
ʱȻ޷ģҲֻܽС׶Ը

Ӱӹݺݵϣ֮
˵Ľ֣ǼΪĺֶ˿飬ҲӵŻĶԿ׺ݣϣȴûг̫Եơ
һĻȻõλ˶Ǻܲ⡣
Ĵ֮һͷ죬õֶ˳ĽһУõΪĲˬС׵ĳ֣ǽֲˬ˼£´ȥȻŲСĴ
Ҫģʲô֣ʤ
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飡
СеͻȻֶһͳĻХ͵ХУһصѹ
ɫͬˮСӿһɲǣγһɫ޻֮Ρ
ħ䣬Х䣡
С׻̤˫צͣıóӡ˫ֺӡŭ죬ʡ

ĺɫ޻ΪڹС׻צ֮УһɿµĲΪһͷצĺɫ޻ȻХ
飡
ӹĺɫ޻֮¾ըȥڰ⻢ٶȼ죬ɲǼ䣬˺ѿһ𾪵Ŀ⣬ݺݵغޱȼ̵Ľ֮ϡ
أ
˵Ŀ񱩲ϯһϸ΢ͫд
꣡
ѷɿӣգۼ䣬Ǽ̵ĽϣǱһһ𺳵Ŀ£Ȼѡ
ͬʱ䣬ֶƣҲǴ͸һץסöڰ׽棬ڵ浤ҩ


ٶʮ 
ˣ
ޱȵľ籩Եϯҵ棬ڴ˿̱ѿһѷ죬ΧЩǿߣҲǱüæ˿
˺䣬һĿҲգҲգӰĽ֮ǵע£񱩾ڣһӰȻŲԵǱڵε㶯Žθȹ
ৣ
еĿ⣬ڵһʱͶһӰڣһƬĵΪǱˣ
Ľ־Ȼˣ
Щ𾪵ԭڵĽѣǳһЩ飬ȥԵеǱ
𾪼䣬ǻҳ׳˶Ӱ̤ɽصĲ߳С׻ڹһĻХ֮ϵشڴ֮ϣҲǲֵĺɫ⻢ɷ
С˫Ŀױ֮ضɫһƬڵѪҲڴ˿ַڰĸоֳȵս⣬ľ

˺ѿɷңңָСǵͳУ޷εĻս⡣
СⷬٶŭЦԭҲѾȥȡ֮һأǰĽ֣֪С׵ļ̶ֳ˿ֶ
һ﾿ʲô·ֻһԪսȴ˵ľˣ
𰵰ҧҧʵЩ죬˵ǰĽûʩչȫֶΣҲףǰСӦҲƣҺֱ̬Լеľ
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ҲãǾֵһ±ֶ֮΢΢һЦ
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ܹõ֮һ˴εԶز֮УҲջ񼫷ˡ
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ŵ֮Щɫ̰ӰֶҲЩʱȥչͷûϣˣҲͲֱͣӶ뿪ǵӶȥ
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嫵շ·Ǿ޴Ӱ˫СǻΪһƬĹĻһּΪǿĲĵ
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翶ϣȴ̺һּΪµѹһ޴Ӱƺǲһ£ǽͫ£𽥵رã󳹳׵׵ɢȥ
ѧ֮飬ȻǱֶѧ֮飬ɢ˹ȥ


İٶʮ Ⱥ
ѧ֣֮ͬѧǿΪԵķʽѧ֮ǿ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ⲿѧˣʵԽǿôѧԽǿȻҲǾԣͬһǿߴĶѧҲͬǿ֮𣬶ֲԭ򣬱Եĸ衣
һЩΪҪѧԻ൱ŨҪ΢һЩ
Ȼֶõⲿָλ˵еġĵۡ
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ԶԿĴڡ
ֶüͷ΢΢壬һ䣬˵ʲô


ٶʮ ͭ
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ԣĿ⵱ɭĶֶǵЦݣЩ
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ϸһĨ֮ɫʲôֶΣ£ɣ


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ţлᣬͭţлôУ٣ֱȻҪԼֵܣЩһҪܣôܡ
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λȻô飬Ǳ㶯ְɣԶԿĹȽԿú䣬Σ쵭Ц
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ѹʵһ㳡֮ϣѹ£ֶɫǱü

Сףصضڵϣ䣬һХһڹⲻϵشϯ棬۳һͷ޴ĺɫ⻢⻢ϵ趯һױ֮
ɱ
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ڤɭֶ΢΢һɭȻǼϢȻû׵ͨԵҲ֪ɭʲôš
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һʧУֶ˵Ӱӽǹϵ֮ͭУ󣬴Ÿ֨죬عرգǰ֮ʱبŲ


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ڽͭŵɲǣֶǰҲѸٺڰеĸ֪Ǳ֮УԭǿҲֱӱѹ֮С
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ĻһӰǵĽⱣ£нԶ


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Щ׽֮У̺һ൱񱩵£壬ȴȻ޷žʴľʹָоͬ͵ش֮̽һ㣬ġ

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ִģֶأҲûлңʱһǲŽʲôˡ
бƽֶɵĴӵ֮ԴԴϵسԪһ֧Ųס̵ȥЩħ˼ڲΪǽġ
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ħȻֶЩȻܵȼţͷһֲڻ֮ģ·ǲֶڵһɶĲһ㡣
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ʯͣٶȳֶϣǰЩͷ۵ħףȻû˿ĵֿ֮õֶòٶȰ̾ʯȻء

ʯѹħףǹͻȻѹʱеħҲܵѹưĿʼСһ񱩵Ĳϵɢʯѹ£ȴǸ޷
ħԽԽСɫȴԽԽ䣬һĲֶ
ŵħ׿ʼʧȡ֮ģɫĺɫС㣬Ƭ̺СһЩͣճ׵ĴָСҡ
ĴָСĺɫ壬ڹڣϢȴļµζ
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Щ֮һӴʱ򣬲ûзκεĶֱӱС
ڴ˿̶һ˵֮Ĺע֮УǹҲ޵׶һ㣬Щ֮䣬ȴȻûаֵͣļ
ֶĿЩǰⱻ÷츲ذĵӣܹо֮۵֮һ־˵ٶȱš
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ֶעУֽ̰գһʱ䣬־̰ģֶеͷƤ飬嵹ҲȷǿֲҪȻﵽֵز
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С̬ɣȥǻ䶯ֶƫͷС
˵ѣֶҲǲòСĽһЩСı¶ݣ˶鷳Щһгĳɣ˵ñǶС֡

СֶĻȻԭ򣬵ȴеŤһĻֶЩ죬Ǵߴš
ֶĴߴ£СҲû취ŨϺڹâѸٵشڱӿӴǿʼٵС
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С־ԵϴˢֶȴǲΪ⣬ǰһĪλĻӻҪаӣͷȴůӹ֪С֮Բ뿪ǻһڶ򴳵
촽ֶƣСļֵܡ
ʶ꣬ڱ˴Ϊ֮ʱЩһ·߹ǵȸȷǼΪ
СæֶƣͷƫһԣֵصСӱ׺òãˡ
ֶЦЦȻ뿪ԺֻҪڶ򣬲ͷ㲻Ҫ¶ݣֶΣʵȫʢʱʮ֮һҪݵĻӦûжܹϳ
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Сͷֶ⣬붫һЩʲôԹûȤȥ̽СֵܣΨһ֪ġ
պҪЩɣҲһһ岻ӵģȻĻٲһ鷳
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лֶҲǲʲôӣŲ̤ǻתĿռУСҲѸٵظϡ
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ռʧƬǧĿռ䣬ٶȱóȴһԵ˵ʱȻֶͬ㣬ĴС
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ױ֮ϯѪҲСͷϿ䣬γһͷѪɫľ޴⻢

Ѫɫ⻢ХͬʵɢֻХΪĹ죬ѪҺ궯ļ󣬷·ֻХ£ѪҺ̲סҪһ㡣
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СֱĿɨƬɺŵĲսռ䣬ȻƳһЩݺ˺ۣȴһЦȻһ߽ͬתĿռС
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ͬģǱԶ֮ǿҲǷţָ߼ӵԶ֮µˮйͨ
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ϧûг̫ãǶȻȻֹΪǼ⻹ѪУûһӰǱĵģ·ȭ̵Ŀʯһ㡣
һĻ˭ܹһЩ죬ϣȭǺݺݵسѪУɵƣȴǽޡ
ϣദĻ΢΢ڣ¶еףӰʱɫЩ⣬ȭ練Ĵ֪һػƺûȡ֮еЧ
žɢ𽥵˶ֻһѸٵٶɢȥƬ̺һȫڵâ֮еӰٶȳ˵ע¡
˿̣ǵӰ̽ȫɱľȭ֮£ȻϸƣȴǾȭ粽ѽͷ
ףһѰԪǿߵһȭֱӱֶһֻƵֵ
һĻò˵һֶĿһ㡣
ߵĵʱеһҲͻȻ֮ĿתƣֻԶѪҲɢȫѪеСף˫ֱۣӱס»ɽһޱۣģҪɽ˶ȥһ㡣

»ȻҲǲС׵ͼҲǱŭһŭȣٶһȭݺݺǵȿµ£ռ䶼ŤһЩ

СѪӿͳĻХд˿ãһѪһȭֱӺ֮ǾȭӲ
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ͷƤĵͳһһСȭͷഥһȦʵʰƷɢĿֱɲǼ価
ŨѪ̺ɷȻСڱӿ䣬ЩѪƺ֮˾޴ѪɫĹ⻢

С壬˫֮ϣͬСһ䶯һͬİɽʿ˲䱬
Ŀڴ˿̱þΪǼ»ɽˣȻڴ˿ıСĳȻͬշ糵һһȦݺݵضȥ
飡
ֱҽУһһﵱУΪС׵һֱû
ֶһĻҲһĨ֮ɫĸʱС׵ʵҲ൱Ŀֲ
ǺǣͬȷֵܵĶֶ̧֡ͷǰȫڻеľˣٶЦ
㻰̫˵㣬ҽѸٽȥʰֵҲ١ദףӰ֣ĿɭضֶһɲǣӴȻӳ񱩵Ļ澢ͬһ㣬ضֶϯȥ
ֶżһ㣬αˣйǹӳǹӰǵصĺǵӴ塣

ǹӰǵӴӰ֮ϣȴǱ֮ĽȴûȡʲôʵԵЧ
ߣħ壬޷ƣ»ͬˣӵɽ壬ΪֵܹǵķƲˣǶ˵ΣףЦ䲻֮⡣
ֶ˫΢УĿɿƳһ·УȻǼǱС׶ȥӴ壬ٶվȻץһʯٶȶСڵĳ˹ȥ
ڹô
ֶҲ¶һĨЦ֮⣬ò˵ף˵ȷѲڵɲĸ֮ǰˡ
ȻΪҽƱǣֶЦ
ƾ㣿ףǻһĨмԡ
ƾңֶһЦһǲٺˣǱֱضףӶȥ
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״ףһȵĻ涸Ȼӿ޴ƣȻͷǱֶ˹ȥ
ħƣ
ƺХ£ģڣƺǵļХǰģ档
𣡡
ƴӰֶ£Ƿֶе·ӣȴû˿ɫӡһ䣬䶯Լ䣬·γһصƤĤƤĤʱ޵֮
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ƤֶǣһӭϣǻӲ

ֶⷬٶףкһȣǵƶȻ񱩣һֱӱը

񱩵Ļ棬ЯԪǿߵľϯһĻᡭ
һĻףʱЦЦ£ЦݱһΪǻ籩ϯУһ⣬Ȼֱһ̬ĳһǳ˾ദҲıǰ
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ǿɲһ
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ֶ֮Ϸ䶯ֶ֮ϣǹĿʼֳһƬƬϸܵɫƬ
Ƭïܣ΢΢˸⣬ȴǶȻףӿһŨĲΣζ
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ʱκεľٶҲȻֶɫɲǼǱɫƬǵƣӳһյĺâݺݵغǻ֮ϣȻףǾĿ£Ϊķ


ʮ ܶ
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һĻ䵽һЩУЩľȻûԽֹƾǹƣǱܹ֪ף۳ĻŶôû뵽ǿķɱֶĶƻʵЩˡ
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Ǳڲڻ֮еףֶǶ͸ƵҲһĨŭ֮ɫҲһӡһ䣬񱩵Ļ涸ȻХĲֶ͸ֱۣһ֮ϵضֶȥͼԪıҡ
ֶȻҲǲףͼеûлңϷһЦһһ֮ȻӶЩڵ֮ɲǼǱ̵øɸɾ
ħ壡
ֶ̧ͷɶڻڵף죬һ֮ʱ
ħףԪĳĴ߶üΪǿ֧ǿģȻгԪֶ֮һЩԪһ־˵ٶţħ徹Ҳǿʼ𽥵رõ
ڸʲôħı仯ȻҲǱ֮ףɫһ䣬ȵ
Ȼĺֶȴ֮ıţ̶ʮϢ䣬ȻǽħڳԪʮ֮߰ˣʧȥԪʧȥħҲһ𶯵Ŀ£رȥ
ףΪѧȻǱֶ׵ĳȥ
ħɢףıҲٶȳǵע£ֻ˿ӣȴǲ֮ɫǿֶĿУҲһļɵ֣εĸ߰˴εĽ֣ףֶͲЩӺɱȵġ
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ֶ䱬ħ壬ֳףȴû˶˿ͣͣһֱǱӶǱɫƬǵҲǿĻף䡣
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ֶƲˣףҲһŭߣǹһ𣬴һɼľ磬ݺݵشֶƣֶʵȻҲгǹӲ

ȻԤϴ˴Ȼǳ˴󣬶ףǹâֶû˿ܵ˼̽һѱǽǹâץС
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һǹ⣬ֱֶһâǵصı쳣ľ磬ǵصضףӶȥ
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ףǱˣ֮Ͻ˸Ӳİº󣬷ŽǹƬγɵĺⱩ꾡ֵ¡
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˵ûжԼ̫˺ףɫȴǼѿħ屻ֶƣǱֶ󱬶ȥⳡԾ֣ƺ׵·硣
ף̲סŭʱǰӰͫ͵һһӰĵ͵;Уǰ
ȰӶӰףͫ׽һɼΣյĸоĵӶǲ˼貵Ľڱ
ƣ˺˿ռ䣬һ޷Ƽٶȣصף֮ϡ
ˣ
ͳڴ˿쳹ף貵Ľ⼸̼ȥɫӿһĨһѪҲεɼ˳
Ǳɶף𣬼ȫеڴ˿ͻȻƻ𣬲˵۾·͹ļرǽɫ֮ǰϲŲ˼飬ףʵΣǿλԪǿߣѾĴ٣ȻֶĵУȻòҰ֣֮⼸µʱУֶʵǿ˺ֵز
ⷬ˭ǿóԴǬĻף𣬾κβֶ˿
ǲԶףɫ׽棬Ȼ൱ķŭҲǴˣֶЩӺԴĻҲûʸΪǬĽ֮һչֳʵõΪļɵ
ֶףһȴûٶȳ֣˵ڲߣǸȴ뱣һЩɵҲ˵ܷף𳹵նɱܣҪĴҲСǲֶҪ
ˡֶɫ׽ףͻȻƽص
⻰ף͵һæƫͷֻԶһսȦȻ䱬ĺ¡¡죬ɷڴ˿ϯһȫѪ׳˶ӰްȭѪȭͷ֮۳Ļͷ֮״Ĺк£ÿһȭӰԺԪǿߣ
飡
ѪȭӰЯž˵ķѹǵص»ɽ֮ϣʱͼƸֵɽ壬Ǳĺһ޴ƣһ׵׵ıը
أ
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С׺»ģڼֶûиϾɱѪҲ΢΢ȭͷ۵ѪҲ𽥵ɢȥ
УеĿⶼ·ͻȻӰ˭δ뵽ǾȻܹԶսӵŲѵǿߣ
ңҲ˵ӽԺֶˣҲĳΪϵǿߣ
ƬҵսϣŽһֶƺҪʼ׵׵ı
ɫ֮ǰɫ԰׵һĻ˿ĭ֪ԺֶѲܹǵĴڣЩԹǹԹԵĲΪá
ڳеһһҲɫӵͻȻҫֶһЩײİħˡ
ǸһȻǿֵزˡʯҧҧΪʣǲУһη塣
ǰĶԹˣȥҲֻ
ʯһӰãֻȻ̾һ˭뵽ǸͬϰȻǴﵽҪĵز
߰ɣȥԶսĵشٳսҲ￪ʼˡ
˰֣תų֮ȥ֪Ŵ漣ļһǰٳսϣܹߵһ
Ⱥ֮


ʮһ ȥ
ϵսûгĳֽ֣һֳϵٶȣ𽥵Ļ
ǱףԼ»ģٿƽͣϢȴֶͬ˭֪һ˫Ľ˭ռϷ硣
ͬܳϣȿû˭뵽ĽȻ˶˵ֶ֮ǰྪ˱֣һֵģɲʯǵǻʵӳǿߣ
ε𾪣ȴѲٳκεĸı䣬̧ͷĿҫԵ൱貵ӰȴͻȻӿһĸоһεİٳսУԵͼļһ½ΪΪҫ۵ƥ
ܹǿƵİٳս߶Զܶ˵УһڴΪͬ뿴ƬսУܷˣƳЩȻĵλ
չιֶڣĿⶢɫ粻ףеûеĺ߱ߵľ⣬ףûеôߣĲʶĻͬ˲
ȷ΢ɵȴϾ£СڵʵƴֶεĻԪǿҲһսοһԻһɲСʼδ֣˵һֶϣ֣Ȼ浽˱ҪĹͷһǾԲһдŵġ
ӵݣֶԶսᣬǰֱƵĴӴܶܵ飬²׵سˡ
С׳˶ΣҲڴ˿ֶ̳֮Ͻ˺ȥԵɷʮ㣬ڼʶǰСչֳǿʵڳˣ²ٴý䵱ֻçˡ
СҲ̤նվֶһ࣬ĿζضףȻӱϿϢûСǰɷһЩ֪ˣȴܹǶƫϺ֮ͫ˸һļµĺâ
㾲վֶμ䣬ȴһӴѹɢ˲Сһϡ
ѹףȻҲɫ΢䣬ͬʱƷ΢еǱ»Ҳ˹ضɵֶˣ촽΢ŵ͵͵ףУʵǿҪ֣ƾҶ˻򲻹
ԣףȻ̲סգĸȻЩԳ£ϾҲǴˣͬҲ֪ȷʵ
ǰĽ֣ΪѧֱǱֶƣƵ»ģҲֵķ棬ֶͬ˰ļһȫңһԣһȥΪصļһʼδ֣ףɲţ൱˻һյʡ͵ĵơ
棬ôǶռƣҪȡڴеĴ㣬ǵˡ
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ףҧҧа޵֪ˣͽһҲˣֵĻֶܹ
Ӯˡ˾ƣףҲûŤЩѵʼ磬봹۾ص
á
ֶЦЦ꣬ҲûаΪսʤ˳ǿ߱Եõ⣬ȻףҪᴫеľٶðҲĴǬ
ֶȷ⣬һţ´ټЩծǻֻġף𵭵صҲǲļŭֶŴǬֶٰҲ׵ĳɱ֡
ʱ򡣡ֶƳһۣĵص
ǻڴеѴ˳ȥԴ˿ɲֹǣԺе÷ˣϣ˳ĵԶսĵشٳսϣǵ㡣ףеֻĺٺһЦȻҲֶ˵ʱ䣬һתȥ»ĻΪ⣬Ѹٵʧ֮ߡ
ף˵ȥƬеĽնʱɢȥһĿŸϵӰǵ൱ĸӣȴȻЩţԵͼˣȻܹԳǿ߱ˡ
ٳսԽԽÿ˰
һЩʱУŸŵǿͬشܳҫƬ򣬳Ϊһſǡ
Щ޲ӵŹ˵ʵԼԵ󣬵ЩƼһʱǽһֺε׳۵ľ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ЩˣƬһ֮УΪܳԼ͵ˡ
ЩѱײһȥʱǻἫԼ𱩡
ѲֶĿҲףԶȥӰ
鷳ֱӽ˱ǣ˵Ժû˸鷳ˡСЦеص
ԣֶɵðһۣǬĽʡ͵ĵƣĽλĻɽʵǰķ罫ֽʵ»ǿο棬ֵνһʵǴﵽԪ
˵˴ֶ̲סذҡͷЩӵ޷ĵ̣ǻͲҪʲôбأܹﵽһֳѼĸ߶ȣڱΪʱȴܹһ֣ǧֶϰ
ֵ£ټЩ˱һţӵеĳɾͣȻҲ
ʼߣֶҲʣиĻиŬ뵱Ǹ۵Сʱжɱ⣬ȴ¶˿Ǹʱǰͬһ㣬ָԼּҡ
ȻյĽȴˣǸСɽϻźˮ޵꣬ȴǳΪΪ貵ˣǸҪ죬ҲճΪеɥ֮Ȯ֪
ԣߵβҪҪģֻǽ
ȻǿĽֶ֪ջųԽǵһ졭
磬ô죿Сͷ¶һĨЦǰ»Ľʱɷˡ
ٳսֻвһʱˣǿ߶ڸսĴҲֱȥֶЦЦ
С׵ͷֶĻȻһֱûа顣
ǸһôǬЩһѲ˸ϵСĿŽɫ֮ǰһӰ°ͣϷʵص
ֶĿƳ˹ȥֻһɷ׵ضǣڷֶĿ⿴ʱʱͷƤ飬æĿ⣬ӡ
Ϊǣ߰ɡ
ֶĮضѾû˿Ϣջҡҡͷûʦ˼ȣڵûʸ
ˣҲٶʲôв
һ䣬ֶҲмͣһǻΪһâų֮ⱩӶȥССҲѸٸϡ
ɫ֮ǰֶȥӰ亹Ӷͷ£ԳһЦ֪Զսÿһ򶼻ų͵˳֣Ȼûʸ
Ǹֶ꣬߳Ȼ̤ȺƼ֮Ĵʡ


ʮ 
ε֮ϣƷӰӹͳķѹϵֺѹǳǳۼԶԶȥɫĹ֡
ӰȻ뿪Զ֮Զսĵشֶˡ
ԶսƬռ伫ֶڵֻкСһ飬ȻĿռ䣬˭ڶ̶һУƬռ価һ顣
ֶҪԶսĵشȻҲڶ̶ܹϵǵʱ䣬ȷҪץ
ͨԶսĵ·УһǣԶսеļͨĵشıؾУŴԶս۶ǿߣǽǿҲ˵ǲԻȻҲǽĵشıҪ֮·֮УֶĿ΢΢ɨƫͷԵЦ
СץץͷЦһһЩ֮ӿһＫսܹЩǿ߽֣ƺһ൱Ȥ¡
Сԣûж˵ʲôɨܵĿռ䣬֪ΪΣüͷ΢΢
Сףǰ׻лʲôУֶûע⵽Сı飬¿Сףеʵ
һ֪ǳѧΪ׻ǼСЦ
׻Ǽ
ֶ΢΢ͷǰ׻УûгֲӰҲֱ̬֣һѾ˲ãлܹȵĴڣ˵ʵδҲֲ̫˵㡣
΢ѯһСǰ׻еļֶǲδٶѯʲôĿһתע⵽Сı飬һСôˣ
СҲǿСڼ΢гһЩΣջȵ˫ۣ޼ĶظӦõʲôǰӵζȻסڵ͵и֣Ӵֱӱǵֶǰ
ֶüͷҲǻۻľٵӶ̽⣬ȴûյʲôĻӦⲻûõֶһɫ𽥵
С˫ĿϺڹâ˸ſаڴ˿һЩЦƺǱʲô˸ˡ
ԣֶͫʱһһ·ûв˵ʲôǶǵˣʵȻǿ޷ĵزͣɾѰܹ쵽ģ
ôֶźâû뵽Ÿո뿪Զ֮̱˶ˣ£൱Ĳ͡
СЦŵ˵ͷȻһץʱһƬϺڹâıӶȻΪһƬϺڹȻһƬ޿ռȥ
ͣ
Ϻڹ·߱żΪǿĸʴһֶεĿǱ̣ľ
Ϻڹֶ˵ע£Ƭ޿ռ䣬Ȼ伴ɲǣ޿ռ䣬ֶ΢ͫŤһ貵ǿ͵رؽϺڹ˿ȥ
ԹӰƾյĸֳӰǱںӰ֮У˿ǵòֶڵһۼӰʱɫ͵ؾ䣬ΪӰȻԶزص֮мλˡ
ȻǷô
ֶ𽥵أٴаľ裬˵ǿᣬʵԪȻܹоһϵΣζ˵Σձһμʱ˺ܶ࣬ˣȻףܹȵġ
˲죬ǾȻܹǵĴڡӰʣڹ£˫Ŀⶢֶˣص
λ֪Ǻηʥʲôֶеľɫһ˿˿ƽص
٣СӣαǰװɵпġһӰЦ
ȻûòϢǿǼǵ
Сӵʱô죬ӦʲôɣһӰҲɭȻЦ
ֶһȻʮֵЩһ﾿ҪʲôҲһСıʱײЩһһֱԶ֮ʵӦþڵȴĳְɣ
֪·ĹǶǵûȤҲǣҾˮˮֵ̫ĻҪΪүûֶʰǡСӸһĨ壬
Сһ仰˵Ӵǰһվԭһ˿ӣ̱ޱȵ壬ڵɷת۱ǻΪ֮
ٺ٣ǺôĿЩϴ󶼲Ҷô˵ʲôһӰɭȻһЦгų
ΪǴˣ浱ԼԶսеٮٮôһӰҲǹЦ
С˫΢΢һУǲգֻǿϣȴһĨŹЦݣһȻܳһӰĸ֡
ৣ
Сٶȿףһ֮£ͬȰسӰ֮£ϺӿǻΪͬһĨ˵ĺâ֮
ҲϺʱӰɫҲһ䣬棬ǶǸоһ˿ɭ֮⣬һӣڱӿǰγһɫơ

絶ݺݵڽɫϣ𻨱䣬ɫ̱ӣӰҲǽˣӰеĿ⣬΢΢Щۡ
䣡
˺ʱͷϿ͵ž˵ľϯһɫ޹һɺ䱬ɽĿ¡
ߣ
ĹȻҲŭһһգ貽ۣǻΪһ޴Ľɫ޴޴趯ݺݵغĺɫ֮ϡ
أ
񱩵ľϯɫǱ˶ȥС׽ڰ̤סΣϵɷĺ塣

ֶǱ۵Ľܽ𸫣Ҳأʹý۳ʵֻֻ̤Ԫǿ߷ܹǿƿء
үǰЩֶΣǻ˵㣡
С쳣һţϺڹâǵصϯ·ǻΪһذĺڰ㣬ضӰҧȥ
ֺڰУֶоһЩƵȴûô⣬ǲһЩĶ
ħ⣡
ɭȻСдǳϺڵĹâҲڴ˿ǵصıӿڹӹ绯Ϊڰƺˡ
Сڻָǿʼչ¶Ŀ


ʮ С֮
ڹͬĻһ㣬ӶڹӴµⶼʧȥ
ӰͷӶĺڹ⣬һ˫ҲǶȻҲǲǺڹ̺֮֮
һЩŹ֣
˶һۣǴӶԷп̺˼Զ֮ʱǷֶˣͬҲֶС״ף˵ǿʵǿǾȣŰиϣ׼ѰһὫǼƻ˸Ĩɱκǧ㣬δϵǿȥΪСȻصˡ
ķչƺеǵƿء
ˣ
ڹӶӰҲǴвһ˿Σգڽ̬Ҳҹд󣬵貵ĽͬˮıӿǻΪһɫľ͹Ӱ
ħ飡
ɫӰڹ֮УһĽɢǵȺڰâʴעĿ
ֶһĻЩأӰʵǿСָʵָһЩĻСҲһΪҵĴսˡ
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Ӱӹ䱬ǵѧС׳˶Ӱصֶǰ̧ͷ˫ͫУɺ֮ɫϣǵͻ
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أ
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ͻĹƣȻҲЩţ貽⼱æӿγһ֮֡
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ȻȷС׺ȴǴһЦֱ֮䶯ӰӹֱǺݺݵغǵϡ

쳹Ȼ˱Ǿ㵵ļޱȵ貽֣֮䱬ѶеǵӰҲػεɶڵϲһϰ׵ĺۼһͷУ֪
һһˣС׺ݣû˿ͣ٣˶˲䣬ޱȵĹӰͬһʱ˺ѿĵ֮ϣ貵Ľ⣬˲
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أ
ڰտĽ棬һ񱩵ԪԼϯӰ
ֶĿƽŰеĽӰȴûа㵣ĵ̬СʵֶһΣǴǬ»ģǱСǿߣֻǸոնɹٶѣôܻС׵Ķ֡
״ǿһĻЩ˵ģ۾гһֳݰɫʣСͶܶǿߣõǸе˷ܡ
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أ
еĽ֣ȷֶͬһ㣬ûг̫ãСֿ籩Ĺ£Ԫǿ֧ŲסֱӱСץס̺ſصغ֮ϡ
Ӱ;Ѫӿص䵽ϣڴǵ涼ѳһֱ۴׳ѷ죬֩һӶ
С׺ˣһӣٶָǲԶɫ粻İͳУɱŨˡ
İһĻҲΪСǾ˵սеľǺݺһҧϴ鷳ˣ
ӽƬԶſռ䣬ǵ鷳ûͣЪֶص
Ӳɣȵʱڵʱ򣡡
İɭɭصͬʱα˶Ҳˣ֪µƾһˣٶֶʲôвȥĻԼ޷
ֶĿ⵭ĮİܶӰȻ̧ͷС߼״һЦһǹʧȥ
Ȼ鷳ˣǾͲ˰ɡ
СʧӰֶ֮ı֮⣬һԵտ̲סһĭȻû뵽֮пȥΪƽ͵ˣԭֶβΪ׺ݵġ


ʮ ͬ
ֵ֮䣬һƬǽ壬ǿߣϢϨ𣬶ǣֶҲûᣬһİӰȥķʲôҲһЩԱ鷳ȥͨ籨ŵ£ȻԸ
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ʱСҲջ׳˶ֶԣγɵӰտˣͷͬѹһʯ㣬ǰС׵׺ֶΣȻõ¡
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һֻˣ㲻鷳Ϸһ龫ǱɱϢӦûڵһʱ䴫Сĵص
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ֶ˵ͷû⣬Ϣ㲻ȥҲ̫á
ֵֶܣһΣлλˣ£տģպлᣬ౨ʱտҲ𽥵ѹɫһֶ֣صıȭ
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ҲȥԶսĵشΪ⵵£ֻտЦ˭뱻ɿУԾţͬˣڷǸ޷ͨǡ
ҲҪȥսĵشԸ⣬ԸǡСЦ
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ȻŵùǵĻ
ֵֶĻտæ˿ԵᣬһҧȻֵֶܶô˵ˣҲ͸һˣֻǺ·»ǴһЩ鷳
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Ҳǲϲ۾ֶˣгϵĸмǵǿֶЩΣһԵСǸЦһе㲻̫Ȼתߣ˵ףǿصǹӴ˵ûжȡ˼һܹƿպҲŲĳɾͣҪʱһԮ֣ģȴһ޷ծ
ֽףϼ޻СȻǺȥ
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ڶǸȥ;УֶĿ⿴С촽΢ϸ΢߶У㾿ʲô
ֶСٺһЦүҲΪãǰٳսɲѰԾҪʤ㲻Ҫ˵ʵŲͬ飬СǱܲԼӦܹڰٳսаϲСæ
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СƲƲ죬һֶӵģһЦ츳ȻҪҪΪؼĶǿߣ⿿˿ɲԣԵȵȣΪҪ̴õģҲڴˡ
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ֶ̯̯֣ҲСʲô̴ڴֵطǸѾͷҲᰲعţķˣȫš
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񡭡
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ŮˣֶǱžԶ̬֮ĹеıʣȴΪõһ˿覴á
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ֶ̧ͷĿҫգǻһĨ޼ɵĻȡ
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һ꣬ѪϦֵɽϣǰŵۼŮˣȶ޼ɵ˵
һ̣Ůĸоޱȵ


ʮ ̱
ڽӽԶսĵشΪеļͨĵشıؾУķƴҲǴﵽһֲ˼ĵزǳеĹģһƬɽ˽ȥӴò˼顣
ңΪԶսеĳسǣط֮زͬŹĵΪƿеԶսκһǳָɵڴˡ
ųأЩԸŶôѱҲҹڵķֻǳָɣʵĻҲû̫˻е£ʵֻǱ棬ĸ̺ѹȴõﶼʵʵġ
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ԣһ˵УԶսֺ޽ƵĻ֮أҪԵùࡣ

ֶһٶȽԼʱĸ·ǰʵɽԽһƬͷĺ嫳УЩԵĳǵ
ʵĳǽֱӶȥȻ߳־ͷʱǳǽȻδֹͣ
ڽԶսֶ֮ҲǼʶٹģƴĳУǰȴС׼ס
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ǵصӰУֶܹһЩΪϢҲӿһĨ֮̾ɫ治ԶսкĳسǣֵǿߣǴﵽһ൱߲εĵز
ĲԻȺƼ
ֶ֣ϿǽɵشֻܴŶ룬ǳ֮κﶼعءտųԶӴУҲǿڵ
š
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ˣֶ֣ӦҲʸɣǵһҪ£ǱȽӡŪ֡տ뵽ʲôͻȻ
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һ˵ֻҪ̤Ԫǹʸ쵽ӡӡҲֵȼ֣֮еӡֻͨ˼տЩ˼ЦЦȻƣֻĹâ˸һΰĻɫĸ֡
ӡȼߵ𣿡ֶʵ
һʵ֣һ˵˶ֻӵ˼ӡ˹ʸӵеؼӡ켶ӡӵߣ˸ǵĴˣ֪ӵ켶ӡǿߣӵʸ񡣡
񡭡
һصֶ֣Ҳ΢΢ͷֻҪʸҲͻЩɵˣѹ־˵ļҡ
ӡзֵȼʵֶһתǺʵ
УһʸǿߣֻҪԣֱǻԶس棬ͬʱҲ̽սǱԴֱӦӵʲôȼӡտЦ
Ŷ
ֶ΢΢ЩݣȻǿصǱܹ̽
Щɷڴ˴ģǵֳسжһ飬СϢǻʵ鱦տ
鱦ֶо̲ס죬ԶսôãıҲ㲻٣Զزжû鱦ɴ˿ɼ鱦ϡ󣬵û뵽ⳬֱʾȻ֮󣬾Ȼÿһسжܹôһ鱦
ֶֿɱȥⶫ⣬˭ֻҪİ˼̻ᱻμӰٳսʸ䱳ᱻŭһο¾͵ʧȥԶſռʸˡտЦ
ֶҲһЦֲǴ鱦Ȼϡǿ󣬵ҲСȥܲųɣһŭ¾һ߼Ҳ̼串𣬶ЩؼȻֶɲ˿С
ȻˣǱȥȥɡ
ȻӡǱزٵĶҲõְɣõʱʲô޷μӰٳսֶɾп޴˵ˡ
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ֶһҲǰŶǰУԼСʱ˳Ӵ֮С
ǵɲǣµ˼Źõֶ˶΢Щ̫Ӧ΢΢ۣͨ˴ľ޴ֵϺѹѹ˺̲סؿЦһǳسǡ
߰ɣȥ
ֶҲûей뷨տ˵һȰҪ
տͷֱǰ·һǸ󣬴ܹǸӵͬԹĽֵǰСʱǵִǵش
ڽش֮ʱֶĿҲ̧λãһƬ޴ޱȵĸʹ㳡㳡Լɸߴͨ㳡Ŀʯϣ鲼Ӱ
ֶһɨȻǾ޴㳡Ĵһɫľޱͬһɽ徲شɫĹâ沨˸âۣǻΪһȦȦɫĹ⻷ھޱܣ貵ĹâΪسΪҫĿĴڡ
ǡô
ֶȻǴɢĿ²̲ס촽
鱦ǿգǼʶˡ


ʮ ̱
ɫޱɫȦƶǿĲɢ˲˿С
ֶŽɫޱã𽥵ջĿ⣬еľ̾Ҳһ˿˿ǽɫޱϣܹ֣ӦñЩͨ˲ԣȡӡǿˡ
ʱǽɫޱ֮ǰŲ˵ĴӵΪĿһص㣬еǿߣʮ֮˾ŶǻȡӡͬʱҲҪʶһЩЩ˷ǿߣһԼʵ
ֶһϸʵΡ㳡ȻǽɫޱǰѰһ߲λá
ѹܱΪسǣǿȷ٣Զսٵǿ߶ǻﰡСĿɨһȦͻȻЦ
ֶҲ΢΢˵ͷΧɨɨܹ·;ϵ߳ɵ˶ǴﵽЩˣ˵ܹԶսемˡ
ֶɨӵĿ⣬𽥵ͣĵط΢΢һܵһЩ൱ǿϢ
ǰλãֶעһԼʮˣϢ봦һɼӣģΪĿݣֻϲԼ޼ɵЦݣȴõ״Ըſ֮ˡ
ȻֶƺҲȷʸ񣬴ɢĲ˵ʵ˿֮ǰĴǬȻҲһĺݽɫ
λãȫĿһʤѩٻӰŮռΪֻȴǻ͸һ־ǧĺԶԶȥһ黯ǧ
ȻҲΧĸδţĿֻǶǽɫޱ˿ٲֱϸ䣬ճ˵ߣڶĿⶼִѵζ
ұߣҲһȺˣЩ˷θͬǰһӣ˫ָĿƽһȪס
˼ֶɨҲһ򵥣Ҳǣ²ֻǰЩ
ߵЩһľˣҲһ߼ͷļһɭʵǴﵽԪĶ壬Ըİ裬ҲЩտһԵܵ
ǸļһһԵᣬҲǵ
ԣֶеؿһۣŮһ£ɰĴͷȥ
ǺǣǼһСһΣΣ΢һ㡭տЦŽ͵
ССֶһЦŮ˵ɵõЦ
᱾ͺ˵ֶôһ˵ǹһŵֱۣ
ǰŮӣ庮£ͷܲСһˣǱȴվһˣ඼ûʲô³տٶȽתأָȫΪĿİٻӰ˵
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ұߵǲ˱Ƚأǲһ˵ԵôԶʵ֮رǺӣ˵һɵĴУʵҲǴﵽԪ壬ǰЩӣһжԵĸ߼ֱӱһ˸ˡ
Ŷ
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ҲҪȡӡɣǲ֪ЩһܹȡʲôȼġտЩص
ֶ΢΢ͷҲһЩȤ֪ͬЩȥӲǿߣܹԵʲô̶ȡ
ʱ֮ǰʱƣԽԽ˻۶;ҲһЩ˳ֲԣ඼ֻȡ˼ӡʡ
ڹۿһֶҲǷ֣Щȡ˼ӡˣ඼ǴڶԪĵز
Ԫʵȡ˼ӡһ˵̤ԪĻܹǿȡõؼӡҵڲʱֻǶԪȡõӡҲֻ˼ȻҲٶȲһ£ӦܻϵؼӡȻȡӡҲ൱󡣡տһԵ
ֶЦЦĿⶢǾ޴ƺÿһͨԣǵֱǻḡڱϣЩ֣඼ͦϣƺԽǰʵԽǿ
뵽˴ֶĿⲻɵƣƬ̺ھޱвλãϤ֡
ף»ġ
λǬĴ󽫣ƺҲǳڵؼƫϵĲΡ
ֶʱ㳡ͻȻһЩɧĿת£ֻľɭ˳Ȼһվ֮ǰ
ΪбȽĿĴڣɭһ֣̱ŲĿתƶȥһֱʲôעİŮӣҲ΢΢Ŀ
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ӰվһһɼΪǿԪȻɭڱӿΧϸһĨȡ
ǿԪӿʱ֮ϣҲǱһɫââɭĴʼٵӶϣ̶˲䣬ͻ˼εƣֱӳ˵ؼ򣬲һһ·ϣһУ𽥵ͣ¡
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Ҳ˵ɭȻڵؼУȻܹŵھţΣף˶Ҫǿϲ١
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庮ҲҪˡ
ΪɭʱһʤѩٻӰҲ΢߳
ٺ٣ˣûңɭ庮Ƕ˽ɵ촽Ц
ŮĿ⵭ĮؿһۣȴǸδᣬǰͣ£޳ѩ׵֡
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庮ԼɭʱƲƲ죬Щջ𣬵ȴҲٵôߣ֪庮ʲô˵ġ
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庮µĲԣҲٶһֳ̾ɼ˵൱ˣٷԶսٮٮˡ
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֪һŵؼڼֶµ
ֶʱǺӣҲǻ߳ȫĿ£֮ǰ


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ȻҲӵһЩ˵߳ʱĿⶼڵһʱתƶȥнǳź֮ɫ
庮ͬǿӣںߵͷҲţֻǲ֪ǹƥһ߼˵ĺݽɫܹĲ´ﵽʲôز
ɭ˫УǺӵ΢Щ̫ȻƾеֱܹӺϲһֵΣζָоһֻǵؼӡǰϸܵ
һôôָоɭ൱Ĳˬ˵ϲ˽䳬
ǰۣǺҲǻƣᴥ˱֮ϣţ貵Ľ⣬Ȼı
һεĽ⣬ǱǰɭԼ庮¶Ҫǿϲ٣
⸡֣Ȼһ־˵ٶȣΧһ˷ľȥ
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˸Ծ֣Ȼ󽫵ҲǼȥʱⷽ𽥵۳ɫĴ֡
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ֶЦŵ˵ͷһȺ˱ֱ߳Ǿ޴ȥһ˵ȻûɭǰȻҲû˶ǹĹעֻһȺѰ˶ѡ
տȽԪʵҲڴ˿̾ӿھһظس˵ؼ˵ǵԶɭˣܹؼԴڶԣǲĳɼ
տԼĳɼҲЦЦЩʱҲûгɹ
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̱ؼǰģȫǱĴ󳬼ĵսռǺܾδ˽亳գֶˣȴֱӱƵϯ
Ҵ˵ȻżΪеϵпܶͬһ˵Ļʵʵе㾪һЩ
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ںҹбעĿеĿ⣬ͨǶȻȥȻһ
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Ƭӣֶȴ˿ֱһֱӶƬȻĺ֮ͨϡ

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ҹϣֶɫƽƳһͨӶݵķȻ󷽲ŻСԺ
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߼ֶ΢ֶιȻ׺ݡ
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ֶ˵ͷЩ̾ⳬҲǿ֣֮ٴӱ󳬼Ҫǿ٣ѹܹ˵İ衣
νİٳս˵˱ǳıƴ֮أһЩԵ͵ģҪߵ󣬴඼ǵЩҪֵطһϯ֮ӱʵ̫ѡտ̾
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Ϊ鱦ֵϢʱ䣬ԽԽǿӿǣ˭鱦ǿܹ֮ͬ˵ĽãʵػȻǣǰٳսУҲܹӵһֵ
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ԵֶĿ絶Ŀ⽻֯ڶ߽֯£
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ŰɡԽԽ˼ءƳһ۲ԶϷʵķԣЦ
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˵еѧֶϵĸߵѧȴûг֣תһǻȻߵѧϡ̶ݣ˻ãҲóġ
һƷ˳ɽ̩ǰĹţҲԽԽ٣ֻʣ
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ǿţ޺ǿѪֶͷƽһ㣬ôҲýİļֵһЩɡ
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ȻǵĵףҲûʲô˼ˡһЦڵĵ֮ɫ̨ϵ̩صһǧ߰򡣡

Եͬһϯ˶𾪵ĿɿڴȻû뵽һ׺ֱӽ۸һ̧߰
һ鱦ļ۸Ǵﵽһǧ߰Ŀֲ߶ȣҴǰһЩϢУܹ֪۸񣬸պǳ˹ĵޣҲ˵ּ۸񣬹ǲߡ
ȫѻȸǿһʽᣬ޹һıƴ
۵ɫȷ𽥵رѿᣬܹĲΪܵ飬û뵽ԾȻ鱨ǵ֪
Ըļ۸ֻĵ޶һ򣬵һȴѹյһݣķʽԵļ۸
һī٣ɫͬе࣬Եһ֣ȷֱӽǵ·ȫˡ
Цеɫѿȴ޻˵۶ˣȻת̨ϵ̩Цʦƺ²ûܸҸߵļ۸ˣ鱦Ҫ䵽ҷˡ
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УһĿ۵ֶϣжЩ֮ɫȻǰֶĳҲ֪Ͳǳּ۸󳬼ѵܸƴ
һǧֶ߰ԶزջᣬҲܴɣ
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̨ϣ̩üͷҲ΢΢壬ֶòȥɣٷ͵ˡ
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ֶУɶ򵤱һöö԰˰һöչܼǧİΣ
ȻЩ⶯׼ںʱһȴͻȻһЩ˱һŭǳ⣬Ǽǳ֮ʱʱȻı죬Ϊǳ֮ˣȻ̨ϵ̩
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һֱǱֳȻݣȥʱƺҲû취ǷݳȻ
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Ȼ۵ϧȣǷɫ൱ѿҪֶĶɶƾŷ壬ߣȴ̩
УһƬȻȻ̩ܶһֱӽöĶɶ򵤾߼ΪĲȴ˸ұ¶ŭ⣬̩ļ۸Ҳȷ
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ڶа޼䣬̩ȻҲǳһĨЦݣֶ⻰м٣ȴޱȵġ
Ӧ˳ֶҲһӣöɶ򵤱Ƿ̨ϵ̩ҲǷԸʲôֽţʱҲֶ˵ʲôĻ̩һͲŹ
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ǧİҪ鱦ֶһЦеǬĿȴֱǷԣЦҲȫļҵܱߣ鱦͹㡣
ԵɫǶֶĿ⣬·Ҫʳһ㡣
ʦֶҲɫת̨ϵ̩΢Ц
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Сھʯϣ΢ƫͷϺ˫ĿǵӰصӦ˰ɣȴʼղұ¶һĵشȲĶ֣ʲôûеˡ
롭Ӧǵߣ̩ɣ
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㵣ı̩ʲô˵ĳǣ˵ӦȺƬռ䱧ʲôıһɣǹȻûŹǰСһЦֶͷ۵ļ黫ٶ¶
ɣүû̫ȤСص
֪˲֪Ķԡ⣬ҵ֣ԳƺΪ
Ӱ䶯ɭɭͷƤɱ⣬Ƭּĵɢ
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ǵӰ֮͸ϢΪĹ죬Щɱ⣬ȴΪ裬ƺûаӿ
ŹһĻտٴУǵȺӰϣܹһּΪΣյĲֲ»Ҫ˷ԡ
ҴСǰ˵УƺȺӰӪԹǱ߶ϣҲֵ̫ˡ
տʹһɫҲͷʱ׼ųӡǹӴһսԭҲԸ˲٣ٲٳӳ¡
ֶС׽Ǵ״̬̫ܲľţߵսԱֻʣСᣬȻǰʱֵĵƺһˣȴǲ˿ķɡ
齫ϢеŹ֣ζȴֻͽˣ˵һЩţŨĹ֮УʴܹԪ죬ȴǵһЩһӦҲɡСĿǵӰϻɨͻȻЦ
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֪Ķǲ٣֪Խ࣬ҲԽ죡
Ӱ֮£ǶĿȻһ£ȻǶСȻܹ˽⵽ķʽе
ǰ˵⻰ʸǷ˲٣뱣סСһû֮ǰԼɡСƤһ̧˻֣Ƿģ·һֻĲӬһ㡣
٣ɽۻһѵõĺϷȺ˱нȻ̬ӰЦ
С񻺻ȻֱԾʯվĮȻˣ˰ɡ
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ƾˣ»زס齫һЦȻָ̽ȻһĺڹǶСӶ
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ڹӹ·ǱҵظʴţǵϣֱӳӡۣȻ齫ԪͨԪɱΪǿ
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ϷҲǰʩչүʱϻûȻɫأСЦǵĺӰһֶεҲأսĻЩֲϼ޻ȴ൱ۡ
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ʱɭУӰӶҲʱ齫סСԪӿֱǻΪ֣ݺݵץڱĿ˵ֶСס
տһֱǱľ裬˵ӰȻʱȻһ£ȴûлţԪХæʩչѧӭ

տʵӰȻѧƸոʩչֱӱ׺Ԫ顣
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տǱʱһֻϸȴǵסĺ󱳣䳶ͬӿΪһƬĻǰ
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飡
Ҳ̶̵ɲǼ䣬ǰСĺڰĻǳ׵ıɢȥСһӳļµɱӿȻһգϺڹӶǻΪ޴Ϻһ𣬱Ƕգݺݵش̴齫塣
齫ȴûѪʶԵüΪĹ졣
ٺ٣ҵͱʴɱҵģ齫̧ͷɭȻЦ
Ӷ㲻ϵѣ㻹浱Լ˲֮СЦһָһǶ齫ȻܳȻضźü̶֮ȥ
һε֮㣬齫Ҳһ䣬趯ŨĺڹǰγɵɫĻҲڴ˿̱ˡ
飡
طֱһִݿٶȾݻ٣齫ҲǱƵǱ
ɣǻĥʲô
ƴŵСƵ齫ǱʱҲ͵شȵ
ɱ
齫ĺӰҲһɱⱩӿԪϯҲǴﵽԪĲΡ
ʵ߶ǵȿѹҲ˲һ䣬ȻҲû뵽ͻȻܳˣʵȻҲ˿ȷԵ
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ѹһҧ䣬ָѪ͸Ȼص󴦵ķӡ֮ϡ
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ӿƻӶ羧Өۣ̺ž˵Ĳɶ˿񱩵ӡײ
飡
񱩵ԪһɲǱĿҶһطĩǿ羢紵
὿ҲǱǹɿ񱩾̹âٵ˸ţǵڵľ羡ȥ
ɶͬǱһǱϾ֣ʵͻȻǵǳƽĵزϾռϷ硣
˵̬ûƿأᱬҲɶ˴ΪľȣĿɿؿһԶǱ齫̲ͫסغݺһ£ںߵʵΣû뵽֮ҲǿǱ֮֡
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£Ҳ뾡ĽֵᣬȻһȴֶС˳ε״̬ʱ㽫ת
ڼʶ˽ֶС׵ս󣬾Լ˷ûаܹǻܣңԭİ齫Ҳûȡ˿Чز¶СѹƵú޻֮
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ڹֱǻΪɫӡӡ֮£ŹģһɹɳʴϵɢͷǶݺݵغ˹ȥ
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飡
̽ƿ̶˲䣬ǻΪʮӡݺݵǹӡ֮ϡ
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ӡӡ֮ϣҲǽӡþҵزţűļ
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ĹҲƺαʴɶҲһߣһȭݺݵӡ֮ϣԪХǵԪע£öӡҲǱͬɽأֱؽǵӡѹȥ
ȻѹҲź͸˵صܹƿһЩϾûг׵Ԫǿ߶սʱֱ׶˻¶һɵԪ֣رһжǵƶʱ¶˳
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أ
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ֻģõСֶ彫̻еĳ嶯ǱǿѾǺĵشȻųɵǿעӣҲ϶ᱻЩǿ
֪ûжһ屧ų̬ĳɣΪܹ鷳Ҳֻܾܵš
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СбƶȻõǱ͸е޴ѹ齫ӹһĨɫǱܼ䣬ȵɣצ
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أ
ڹ䶯󣬾Ź
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䶯۳һֻ޴ĺɫצצ֮ϣһǵļ˻õԪڡ
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׺ݵĹƣҲӹһĨ԰֮ɫȴûк˵ļһҧǴ⿪ǵӡС˵ڵʵǶõӡĻ壬½һЩơ
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ǵӰԴһЦȻ̧ͷǰյɶˣҲһĨɭ֮ɫ
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ǵӰǰʱɶɫҲǶʱ䣬ʱ˺ǲܣһ׹ӿȻһգĺڹϯעǺɫצ֮С
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ǰ˼䣬Ҳǳ׵Ľ鱦⡰ХӡҲĳֶ
Ҳã鱦
ֶӹһĨЦȻһգǺɫӡͬǱһǿڹ⣬ֻȺڹȴû˿֮⣬ǳһѹ񱩡
ӡ֮ϣ̾ᣬǽյĿȻõֶΪǱĺɫȻ֮ϯǵصضǹצӶȥ

ɫصغڹצ֮ϣʱĽ̺֮׽һԪǿиĿ·ǵ಻ǱУԪǿ߶ἫǱ
źɫԴԴϵسǺɫצȻҲǾҲǻ𻨱䣬ѳһѷ졣
أ
ԪĹצ֮ϣӣƬֱ̺ɶ𶯵ĿУһıǺɫ˺Ѷ
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צѣɶɫҲǾ䣬μͬʱ䱩˶
ߣֶЦָһʮɫһ컡ȣܶ˲Ϣǳα˵ɶǰ
ǰӶɭ磬Ҳɶɫѿæ߶Ԫ貵ĽڱӿȻǽ߶
ͣ
ɫݰĴɶ֮ӹǵȿµķ̶ȣֱɶ˵֮иѪۣһһҽУ˿ڱˡ
鱦֮˳ɶ˽ǴԪʵȷԵֶΣֶҪˣҲǵ÷һۣ½šХӡ֮ȴڵһغϼ䣬ֵĹƣһˣɴ˿ɼ鱦ֵܹǧҲ˵
һֱ·磬ϻƣɶȻҲһĨ֮ɫȻû뵽ת֮죬ǹ۲ֶ൱һʱ䣬Ƕֵı̩һ̵ֱڣһ֣Ƿŷ֣ıʣЩǵϡ
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˶һۣ⣬ȻǼٳˣͷ֮ϣȻһɼ˸;ľϯ£һڵĹӰ̩ɽ֮״Ȼ£һ־֮ƣĺݺݺ֮ϡ
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׳˶Ӱ԰պȻ£ͬһ㣬ɷ֮趯Ʒ
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ǿȥǵ鷳ҲҪôߣ
ֶĮȻкɫӡһȦȦɫĹ⻷ƫͷˣȴһЦײӲӵɶУȴź⡣
ˣʲôǵҶˡ
ֶЦЦкӡӶ񱩶µĲɶ˾ֵĿУӶڹһ޴ĺӰ֣һֿµѹȻ
ǡХӡ֮ڵһ飬ǿ󣬰ռֶǱƵöڵ֮ŽˣҲֻƴһʤɴ˿ɼ֮ŶôĿ¡
ǰɶˣʵܹȻʲôʡ͵ĵƣֶҲܸɴֱӶһǿɱﵡ
Щͬļһֶ൱ᷳû˼ȥ󾿾ʲôڣҲʲôıɵĹȴֶɱʢ
ֱʱ̼ǹŵĸоֶɲϲԣҹҲǴնݳ

ĺڹ⣬غĻǵصϯ£Ļ֮Уſ񱩵޷ݵľ
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Ǿ޴ĺɫӰʱҲǽٶ£ڹط·ڴ˿̲һ˫ݺײ
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޴ĺɫӰںѹ£Ƭ̵ʱ򣬱ɶ˾Ŀ£𽥵ر
ΪǿķɶҲǳ׵ر¶ǿޱȵĺ֮£ǵȿҲк¡
֮˸ŵĽ⣬ɲǼ価صѹ֮ϣڴ˿̱ɷĩ
һֽѹԵĴݻ٣
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أ
׺ƥСӿ齫壬һ̱飬壬ҲǸ߸ݺء
СĮȻػϢήҵ齫صڶ֮ǰǵ鱨ռ̫һЩϧƺûеڶλˡ


ٰʮ ʵ
Ũĺϵش齫ɢʱ嶼Ǳ飬˵ĻѱȴܹϢд棬ȥĹŹ֡
˵Ϣд棬齫ȻҲǱ׵ˣϢήң˸˫Ŀڴ˿̱쳣䣬ŷŭ뾪֮ɫ˸
ûԼ˾أϾʵ֮ǿЩڳҲ̳ĴڣжٵѷɫԪǿʵҲõﵽĵشһλá
ټ֮Ĺ죬Щ̤ͬԪĶǿߣܹսʤҲԲܰƵֵزοصġǴ
Բֻһͼ
齫ȻС˽⣬ȴǸҿ϶ӵֶֿεСֻһ򵥵ĵͼӵʲôܰƵֵز
СĿ⵭Į齫ȴǲδᣬ޳̽һ˿˿ͷƤϺɫѸٵۣ䣬ɱӶ
˵ǶʲôƻûȤȴƫƫҪݣȻˣҲֻܽǳĨɱ
Сƽû˿齫һ䣬ɭȻЦҲ̫ˣ֪ǵļƻֻܹã¼Ȼմˣ˽ᣬȻǾʲô³
Ƕ˽ûʲôȤ˽㣬ȤС
СһЦ˲Ҳٸ齫˵ϻĻᣬķϺڹâϯΪһϺڹìһٶ˺գȻĺ齫˴֮ϡ
أ
񱩵ĲǹìشϯضʱҵĲ޴ѷ죬֩Ӷգۼ䣬Ǳ鲼˰֮ڣǵƻ൱֮ǿ
ǼһˣֶҲСԣ·ǱѶĵ棬
ǰС齫ּ䣬ҲܹߵǿǵȲԵ˶Ҫǿϲ٣˵һ̤ԪĵزֲΣĵشǶһ˴βСֵĻѽ齫
ֶԪΪɽֻԪƾֶܹնɱƷԪǿߣȴ޷ɱ齫Ԫǿߡ
СҲǽƽ˫Ŀɷӿ·ܹͬо齫ǿ
СĿⶢ·Ƭ̺΢΢һ
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أ
⾢Ƭڹ֮ϣʱͳ죬齫ĲҽҲǴڹⱩǣ˸Ǵܳɭ֣ʧǺڰ֮С
һֻԪȴӵһ˿Ԫ񣬿ЩСӴܶȥĺڹ⣬üͷһ壬
ŶԣֶЩݣһ˵ҪɹߴٺڷŻᵮһ˿ԪǸʱ򣬼屻٣ҲȻŻû뵽齫Ԫȴܹﵽֵز
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αˣԺ鷳Сֶ
Ա壬ӶԪҶñܹס±ЩɵĴСҡҡͷ
Ҳ̫ģѻ٣һ˿ԪޱȣҪٶȻָʵɲʲô򵥵¡
СתͷĿ⿴ֶȴӹһ˿ɫ塭
ʱֶӿǿԪȻƾȬֲ֮ǰȻǱǿ࣬ȻСȵģȴУֶ棬һ˿˿صɫâЩâ˳ëش䣬·Ƥ֮ϣγһƬƬʱ֣ʱʧۡ
ζ֮Ȼ˼ĸɣҲǳ֮ٶȼӿ˲٣ǡ컯ҲǾ˵ڶ׶Σۡ
ֶЦЦЦβס˷ܣ컯һ׶αƤǿķԪҪǿԶԾʱǿķҲֶܹʤҪԭ֮һ
ڶ׶εġۡǿǿɱǵȷ¼ֱܹһЩԪǿ
ڰԶԾʱֶܹ컯һĽȻǲʤӵ鱦
ⳡսĺôǲССЦЦֶܹڵԪҲǴﵽһԪĵزҪ˶ñܹĴ٣ƾš컯ǿֳ˿־ٶֶԣ̫в
һԵСףʵʰӿȻͻƵļΪӵźʣӵͳħѪ֮С˵ٶȣúܶ඼Ī
һսȻңֶ˴ĺôȴǲԶ
߰ɣöˡ
ֶһƾȬҲ̤ƬĵشʱȺƼ˰ɡ
ҲѾŲٵڰѰǣͼȡеӡ뷨ҲͬĴֶС
ԶսһУҲǵӡ֤޳ɹʱˡ
Ǳصһҫ̬أǵÿԵıˡ


ٰʮ ͦ
ïּ䣬Ʒ紫ӰӶýּǵȸӵΣûж˿ӡ
ֶ֣ڽĵشĲߣӦöѾڶİٳɽȥǺĵش㣬ҲĽ㡣һӰż֮㣬ǰһӰ˵
ԣǰǵӰҲƫͷ¶Ϥףֶ
ڽɵ˴鷳ֶһȻûʲôӣ̶ϾİٳսѾǴĻҲ̫ϧ˵㡣
ٳɽô
ֶ΢΢˵ͷȻҲ˵ǸĵطԶսƬռǿ߽֮㣬ȻִܹģǴԶսӱǿߣֻЩˣղűѡеʸ
ǺǣֶڵʵһЩͨĳҹڵǣ˷ضܹСտ֮вĽ츳ȻҲ㲻ֶȴŲСĲ࣬˴Ϊֶ˵Ĺϵ˵Ҳ޷ߵ
ΨһõЩҵΨһƺӵĻԵһֻѡУҲǲˡ
İɣֻҪЩܷڵȻѡУʱݼڣҲӲСϷʵص
ҵǳɵˡտһ֣ԳĻֶҲЦ
ֶ֣ҲǿһЩڸı̬ǺЩǿɵСһЩЦտǳѵ
ֶͷȻΪ˷ԴͬȻǳڶȴ㲻ö⣬֪һЩΪĳǵʵǳԽ֮磬Ȼû취ЩΪǿʢĳȣҲԶѰɱȡ
Щ֮еޱȵļ֣֮ӣ֮ѧ鱦Զ֮ѡԴ츳ļƵţɲһʡ͵ĵơ
տ֣֪ǬʵΣֶͻȻֵĻɽƺ
ǬôʵǿٱȷҪǿһΣĽҲ൱տһ£Ȼص
ŶȷҪǿһΡֶе㾪ȣǻɽҲ㼬֣ʵֻԪĲΣû뵽ǬʵȻȷǿôࡣ
ôĻνҲӦǳԽ˷ԵĴˣֻǲ֪омλ̤Ԫ
ҲЩ鷳ֶǬȻû̫صĶԹĵش˭Ǿ֣˭Ҳָǻ᲻Ϊеö켶ӡ֡
ôֶǻЩԹֶɫտҲǵʵ
еСڡֶЦЦûô
ԣտɫһ£ֻܿЦҡҡͷԴʶֶ˺𽥵طЩһƺߵ鷳͸ղ͵ˣᱻһЩضѲļһϡ
ûʲôڵ뷨Ͼֶˣ¶Խǣοǰһƺʲô鷳ܹż䣬ǻ̲סеεҪԵͼļһܹǿƵİٳսУߵʲôز
߰ɣӿٶȣһʱ䣬ǰϻ
ֶ֪տ룬̧ͷһɫȻ˻֣һٶȶȻӿ죬ΪһӰɭܶȥС׵ˣҲǽϡ
һҹʱ䣬ֶ˼ͣضźĵشȥ;гһЩСС⣬ҲûκεǵḶ̌ˣڰɫٶȱðʱֶҲܹԼĸоԽԽϢڡ
ĵشĳسǣʮвһЩģԶǸΪӴģЩسӿĵشҲ𽥵һΪֶص᷽ʽпľҲǻ֣֮Ϊ˶öԷеӡֶζǻʩչ
ա
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ǶǱȡӡˡտһĻ䵹ûʲôͬ飬ľûдȱֻʤ
Ǻÿ˵ӸһЩϾֻһŮ״ҧ촽
ʤ߿ܣبŲĵֶ򣬾ǶУҲұ֤Լܹ˳ߵ˭Ҳ׼һ̻᲻ʲô伬ֵĶ֣ҲǶʧеӡ
ҧ촽ԸϾҲ޴Ҳ˵ֶæĿЦΪֶǣտĵشʸûУ˵±Щ˻Ҫ
ߡ
ֶû˼һֱӶƷЩɫҵľȻȴûж
Ϊ𽥵׷ЩӸسӿĴ󲿶ӣϢȻҲŨţǶ̶ӣֶǼ˽ʮ˫Ϊӡƴһգ˷ļ
ֶ֣ǰһЪŵ㣬ֵط߻ӣϾԶսǿ߶ǻ۵ĵشʲô̬ﶼ֡ΧͻȻʼϡ裬տһԶ
Խȥɡ
ֶǵֵط˷ʱ䣬ȻҲҪӡȼں棬ŸĻᡣ
ԣտҲǵ˵ͷ𽥵ؽӽƬЪŵʱֶȴͻȻ
ֶ֣ôˣֶͻȻٶȣտһɻʵ
ֶ̧ͷŲԶһƬּʯأӰ´£Եü֣ʱʱſ񱩵ԪӶȻ̫ƽ
һЩϤϢ
ֶƬطȴͻȻһЦ


ٰʮ Ҳ
ɭ֮УһƬΪʯ֮أΧǿյУܹԼڶӰһЩҲǲϵشд
ܹʯյ֮Уһ൱ϵʯ㳡ʱĹ㳡ϣҲڶӰӵ
ǲҪ̫֣ѽһöӡǣǻô־ǸûȤ
㳡ϣһŭΧһЩԣҲһ̾ӹһĨͬЦ֮ɫ
ԽһȺֻǹ㳡봦ţһˣ൱ϤϸȥȻԶزлһŻɴеĪˡ
ԴӵԶزس󣬱뿪Զ֮ĳسǽ˺ĵشδֶܸ档
ĪΪеԵʣͬʵǵԪĵز˵ʵںĵش㲻ʲô̫ǿҲܹ٣ûݻԵĻǿʸûС
Ī˶棬źµӰЩĿϷʵضŷŭˣèϷĸо
Ī裬ûֱһԲøɸɾѾǴȱһǷĻᣬֻҪܴӮǣܹǵӡܵõϵģֺ£ȥң֮ףһЦеص
ǲǴ򣡡
Ī˵ŻʱĿ⿴Щ˺󷽵һŴһЩӰߵ־磬ǲûаʵļ󣬽ǱĿ£ɢĿ²ȴƬ㳡
Щ˽ͬһһһʵΪǿĳĪǺ˽⣬ΪǶǴͬһسǽĵشģЩһ֮Իǳ֣ҲΪ֮ǰйһССĦԭĪǵǵı⽫ٶӻһЩû뵽ջˡ
˵ĪǻһЩУȻ޷ЩӴĳԶͱˣѡ񲻶ϵá
ǰʱԭֻҪȴû뵽պײЩһǱҽڴ˹д裬ĿĻǿеӡ
ǿĪ޷ֿȨֻɽ֣ڶ氵ʩֶΣֱ˶ԷԭΪЩһڵõһöӡһЩû뵽ȴǵôߣƵĪҲǳд衭
ĪԣԼɽҲɫ࣬Ȼ൱ķŭ
㳡ΧȻŲΧߣȴһ˵Ҷ˵ʲôĪ˵Ŀֻͬ
Ƕ֪ǰȺ˽һΪʢĳƬЪϢأҲǵ֮İ˸ǣĪ˻ᱻϣҲֻ˵̫ùһ㡭
Ī裬α˵ɵĻֵطֱǵӡΣǺӵһЦڽ
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ģƴˣɽҧгݵص
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ƶҲǿȥɫްǿһЩڡǡس֮мΪҫ۵
ǿȥʱǴ£һź£ɫҲǵĮƳһۣû˿ֻͬһֲмĸӡ
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ĪɫãȻҡҡͷֱǰȥƣϣһöɫӡ
ٺ٣ʶࡣ
ǺӵһЦƣĽĪеӡգȻ˻֣صɣ´αǴʢУȻһöӡҲסһȺԵͼĿɱɫ
Ī˫ȭգָģɢʹ֪ǿĲ࣬ǰļһųĪԻۣϧ
ûôǿı
ߡ
Ī΢΢Ҳٶ˵ΧһĿ⣬һĶƶתȥ
תʱΧȺҲǷѿһ·ͬɥ֮ȮһӰҡͷ

Ǵʢ˼״ȴ̲סصЦЦ֮гŲˬ죬Χüͷ΢壬ȴ˸Ҷ˵ʲô
£ɫĺ״΢΢ƲƲ죬˵ȴȻһȻתּյصһ
һյȺӶɫѿĪ˿첽߳ǰĪŲȻһ٣ĶƶƲײһ£Żع̧ͷĿǰɫһӾͱˣе
ȺĿ˳ȥֻǷֿĵ·ͷӰվͷߣһģݵ꣬һŮţҲǽĪ˸š
ͻȻֵһˣȻǸֶˣǰҲǽеУȴû˵ֻǶĪˡ
ô£촽΢΢Ȼʵ
Īһ£첽ϣ¶һĨЦݣȻ㣬ɣû£߰ɡ
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ңǴʢʵ̫ǿǲֶǣϾΣģɲʲô߼ǻʵĳ
Ӵоȱǹ㳡ϵĺӼ״ȴһЦΧҲǽ߶ţŲСȤ
Ϊʲô֣ЩɫǻӦɣֶûֻǿǰĪ裬ص
ǡг
ĪȭͷգɳƵصʱֶͦģΪԴʶֶ֮ƺû˶˭η㵱ոսԶſռ䣬ȴȻη塣
ֶȦΪһĪ裬ȴһЦȻ̧ͷĿԽ㳡ԶǿŴһƾ˵
˵ʲôҶǵţҲԼȥʧȥӡû
öĪһȻ̧ͷһĨЦ꣬۾˲ͨ죬Ȼͬǰĺݺݵͷ
ϴģ


ٰʮ 
Īͨ۾ֶĨЦҲŨЦŵùң
һʼûɹ
ĪһΪӻ˽ĵشʱ䣬ԵûֶԾ飬ȴֶӵĳԶҡģģǴӽԶս֮󣬱ΪֶΪѿֱ񼴱ųʱȻҶԺ߱ġ
տʼ뽫ֶһǲֶ鷳Ҳǲֶǲƨɣȴû뵽ֶ˵˵
һβûΪֻӣֻƽظгֶ
Լɽͬż֮ɫӿݺݵһҧ׹˸ԭήҵģ̼䲻ڣȥ绻һһ㡣
ΧˣЩ㵵ͻȻɥ֮ȮɷڵĪˣȻǲΪʲôڼֶ֮ǵı仯Ȼ֮ѵǰˣȻܹƳĵɣ
ȥɣԼְѶûȻǶֻԵͼκεĺֶ˻֣Ц
ͼ
ֶ仰ûйڵΣҲǴ˿ΧһƬɫǱþĿŹֵضǰߣԭǻΪֶ˾ʲô·Ȼʴʣû뵽ȻҲԵͼ治֪Щһôĵشġ
ȻΧڶĿ⾫ʱĪȴص˵ͷȻתɱڵٶ߻ع㳡
ӴӲС
㳡ɻͣţǴͷʼԹֶˣڼĪ˾Ȼ·ʰ̲סЦ
Сӣҳ磬µʱڶ飬룬ûʸ񿹡ͷĺӶֶЦ
ԣֶֻЦЦҲ㣬ֱ̧ͷŹ㳡һͷͬʼעӹϣʱŵĺӹ
¶Ķԣһͷ׵ӣһЦɭɭص
Ǻ絶ĿֶɨҲһĨζ֮ɫԭҪվ壬Ҳٶ£Ҫ֣ǰ˾Ҫô
ȻҪһҴʢͣҲ԰ɡָһƺâֵָţص
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ԣǳеӶʱӦһȻתʱӿ֮ɫĪˣɭȻһ·ǾȻߣȻˣǾͱĺˣ
أ
ڵϱĵͳ춸ȻףĪȴû˿ϻǿԪȻڱӿǿĳ̶ȣõ˶΢΢ЩɫȻûϵڳױĪ˾Ҳ˵Ĳ
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ȵĪ˾ǴʢϣȻҲ൱ķŭǲúõؽѵһһʢ͵óΪЦ̸ˡ
ĵӰϢǼ䲻ʱҲȻӶǵԪȻҲǴﵽԪĵز
ȻҲԪȴȻĪ˲˲٣Ī˶ǵõһɵĴУ޷õǸЩȣҲѰɫܹԸġ
ӰĽһһѧƣҲһǿԪ׺ɢ
飡
ǽӰӶĿ񱩲еЩ֮⣬Ȼû뵽ǰĪˣսȻҲ൱Ĳ
һǰǳ˲١СһĻЦ
ϾҲõɴУֲһЩϵĲࡣֶ˵ͷĪǵĽʵѾ൱ѸͣǴ֮õĺôҲ൱ĲϾֶҪ˵ʵҲֻԪѣȻԪʵȴնɱԪǿߡ
ֶʶôСʵ
ţͬһֶЦŵ
գգ۾ȻЩеΪľȣϾֶ׺̶ȣ൱ǰĪˣԶԣͨࡣ
ǿҪӮˡƽʱ൱ĬСףͻȻ
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Ļո£бŵͳ֮𣬶ʢǿߵǱȻǳ׵·硣
ڽĸһʱĪҲۼֿĽеӡնߡ
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֮ܵ죬ҲȻȻ֣ĪȴһӶ޳ƷԪۡ
Ԫƣ
Ī迡ӣ˿һֿ񱩣ʩչѧҲǼΪǿ󣬿Ԫ۵ģȻǴﵽ˵ͼѧĵز
Ī裬ң
ĪȱװĹƣҲɫ䣬رڸܵǰƷ֮ʱɫǱѿæ߶Ԫһȭ
Īɫ񱩵ѧƣݺݵغȭͷ֮ϣǿէȻֱһȭؽɶһһѪ˳ȥ

Ī边ȻһȭʱһƬȻ֮ܶеľɫֻһȻĿĪ裬һѵǱ߻Ŵʢǿסô
ô˵棬ɴʢˣ£൱ˡ
ûõĶ
֮£ͷ׵һĻɫһһڵϣֱǻΪһڹⱩӶǿԪϯһԪǿߣ
ͷ׵ӣͬչһ֮±ǳĪϿգȻЦһֻΪһԪ籩ݺݵ˺ߡ
Ҵʢһͷλ߹󣬱ĶҾ֪ʲôõģ
Ԫ˺ѿ̺ž˵ɱĪ裬ǵٶȣס
ֿ֮ĪɫҲһ䣬֣ͻȻմٵƷ֮һ׳˶ӰصǰƥĹӰֱǺǵԪ籩֮ϡ

ͳһֿµǹ֮ϯȻ˱𾪵ļǻͷӵ壬ǵɶһײһž֮ϣǱ
ɫĺӣҲڴ˿£ָһУһɫɵֱֶһڹ·𶴴գ̺˺һԪǿľ磬С׺

ڹӹȻھСлʱһҲ͵شӺ󷽱ӶݺݵغǺڹϣؽǵذȥ
ৣ
ذѣĺɫȻһ䣬ͫ׷£һӰȰسǰһ޳ָһö˸ɭâɫƬĶͷ֮ǰȻͣ١
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žһĿɿڴӣֶ΢΢һЦЩ֮⣬Ȼɢ
ֶ
֣ڴֶдʱҲȻóвͫ˲ʱ뵽νֶǺηʥˡ


پʮ ɷ
ʯΧԭһЩڴ˿ȻֹһԭֻĿ⣬Ҳ𽥵رһ˿˿ȡ
ֶ
̺һЩħǵĶУȴͷȻĲһǽƬĵشã˵ǳǽڴľս
ΪķлĵشκεΪǳ׵ܣǵˣȴûо˵ıǣֻԵͼ
ͼĶԾȴԵͼʤĻ־޴ķκΪ֮е𺳡
ΪΪ֮ˣԺܶ˶֮ԿԽĹ֮࣬һЩ˺˵Ļ˴УҪսȻЩ˵ΣһǰĪ˵ĲУܹһЩߡ
ȻҲΪʶˣϢɢʱܹԵЧ
ڵ֪սʱ˶εļסһ֣һԵͼ֮Ƴ֡
ֶ
ڣǸֻڴ֮е֣ƺǳǵǰ

һЩ˰ԵһĭĿⷺЩηԶǵӰȻǰδϵֶȥĲڵ꣬Ȼںĵش֮д÷зĴ
еĪҲΪͻȻžնðǵĿͬȰǴʢһ֮ǰֶʱеһöƬͣں߶ͷ֮ǰú߲׶
ס
ĪԺ仰ûֶôֵģҺȻǴʢ죬ҲӦˣȻĻֶָܻĶͷǰ
һֱǿˡ
Ī˶һۣܹԷеһЩ븴֮⡣
£Ǵʢһǿɫͬڴ˿̾䣬رǵڼֶָöޱȵɫƬʱ̲ͫסؽ
ֶ
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ô˰ɣ飬˵ҲǾȡֶƳһǼĪӡĵùһȻǰ꣬Ц
ô˵棬ҴʢǿеӡΪˣ˫΢УЦ
Ǳ㶯ֶ֣ЦݵŨһЩɨɨƣܹҫ켶ӡջǲС
еӡθڲСԲ£кâӿָһһڹذױָⱩӶ̺һɼȾ˵ķ֮Ĵֶʺ

ڹⱩӶȻڼֶʺɲǣһöɫƬȴͻȻʺֶһֱؽذһƬĩ
ৣ
裬΢żһ㣬λΪӰˣͬʱʮָһڹǵصıӶֱֶȫҪ
˺ֶҲһЦ΢ݺһգĻۣǻΪһƬ֮ܡ
Ƭ֮ܿȥʵгСԵâ·ռ䶼ǱиĲơ

ȻƬص֮ܣȴֱӽЩ׶һԪǿķڹ⾡ص£Ⱪ䣬Ʒĺڹ⣬ȴԿֶ塣
ݣ
ֶһƬܱ֮ȻתһΪһƬ⣬գֱӶӶȥ
ӳٶȿ޷ֻܼһ⣬棬ŨŨΣζҲҵһףһɫӱǺХݺݵתǵ⡣
ɫȻһĵؽ鱦ӳʱҲƷȻӵŲ׵ɱ

صغǺɫ֮ϣʱڰбǱѶ
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һ׵ĵؽ鱦 һ ϵײ£Ǳٵøɸɾ
ৣ
ںɫӱʱһĨٶбӶĿǵΪ𶯶֮Ӷһ㣬ꡣ
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ⱩӣɫҲǳ׵ӡæãһͺȣԪϯΪһɫŭ£

Ԫɵĺɫݺݵؿ֮ϣĽ֮ʱ粨֮ԼǺɫأڰбƬһЩƬƵЩǱܶˡ
һ֣ʯϷ·磬ȴǲԶ
΢еǱһŴϣɫ쳣ѿٶȿֶȴû˿СһƬ֮ɫ
ԭһΪϢֻҥʵˡ
ȻҲ˵ֶܷϢ˵ڵģȻżֻɣǰǷ֣ҲֶʵͣҪǷķԣҲǲܵ¡
ΧԣҲǰ𾪣رЩʢǿߣɫǾֶ֮Ŀ⣬żɵû˸ղŵַ衣
ǳҪˣԵ磬ùܣֻҪˣͷֶ̧ͷĿƽעỺص
С׵˴ʱҲֶĿһЩ׹ضǰĴʢٲȻһԲϱҪֵļ
Χ˸ֽŵգҲǰԾ裬ڵֶ֪˵ݺ󣬿ɲΪѻʯϾʢʵȻɻһߣֶܽҪʢҲʲô˼顣
ϣĿֶˣĿ΢΢˸е㲻ʵĽӿԪɢȥףҪģǡ
һĻҲЩʧһȴĪ̾ɫû뵽ֶǰʢֳֻѡ˱ܣЩһҲ̫̬ˡ
ֶҲòЩͣҲ̫⣬ƬԶſռɷĴħڴеļһҲѰǣ٣֪ʱǷ˵š
ֶͻȻһЦеֻҲûж˵ʲô£һǴƮȻˡ
ɷˣĴħڡ
ֶüͷ΢ȥӰνĵɷˣԶزеˣĴѵʲôϵ


پʮһ ͷ
ʯأǴʢһ΢ЩȥԭŵҲȻıɻһصĿⲻϵĪɨǰԵ̾û뵽ȥޱļһԭȺѾںĵشӵźպı̬йϵⲻɵǰңøղûô侮ʯȻĻ³Ҳ˺õȥ
ɷˡĴħڡΧĿ⣬ֶѵᣬ߶ǰ˵Ļ
Ӧһزأ֣Ƕͷ˵õҲǾսСЦ
ɸûϵֶü
ٺ٣ʱ򴫳еĻãȻҲǻõһЩԶŵΡСûûεЦ
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ֶȷҪСһǵɷˡվֶĪ裬ͻȻ
ţֶƫͷɫĪ衣
֪ǵɷĴħڵĴУ䵽ĸʵΪǿĳУңôЩرǱҪֻĴڴߵѪܳ׵Ľ俪Ī
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ףɭǶ˰ֶ˫΢Уǵɷˣ߲ư
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ǸһΪԶս֮УΪҫ۵Ĵڡ

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Ƭе͵̧ͷɭ봦һӰħһɹɾ˵ĳϵشɢ
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Ĺ֮ͻȻһӿԪ˿Ԫǿߣ建̱ѪԽѿͷ­͸أͫУƺ޷ŵĿ־塣
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پʮ 
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ⷬ·ǳһʱ䣬·УҲ㲻̫ƽϾĺĵشǻΪֶ֮ǣҲ֮Ƴ棬ӲǵȲпľԼʹǲĳ֣ȴȻŲٵۺеӡ
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Щļһеӡֶе켶ӡɫ貣ᣬֱӴӵؼӡ켶ӡһһУö켶ӡ˵ȥ֪ö۲
տĪͬ˲ӡ˵û켶ӡӡУҲŵĽӿȻǴﵽ˵ؼӡĶ壬ٶȥҪٶҲǲܵ¡
ֶһһ·Ĵٳɽ;٣ջҲΪʢ룬ŵƵ࣬Ͼٳս̭ƶ൱ĲпᣬܹĻ뵽ĵشǱȻŹ˵ıԼ
ˣһЩҲʲôǣʲô˲ǣںƣǼ࣬⵹õֶеδϾҪǿǻҪһЩӡſܵİ
ţֶ˵Ҳ˲٣ڶյҹɫ𽥵ʱҲǳ׵Ľ뵽˺ĵشٶȣҪ̫ãִܹյĽ𳡣ٳɽ
ҹִأֶһȴǽ·ֹͣĵشĺҹԶսطΪĿ񱩣Ȼֶ壬Ī裬տȴǲӡ
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Զޣᣡ
Ǿ޴ޣСҲ𽥱
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پʮ ɽ
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кϷˣɽ˵ɹ٣˵ʧܣʵԪȴٵֶ֣Ȼ˷Ҳܹɽֵúô

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ֶУͬ׹ӿԺɫӡڷɶĺ˫֮ϣһͻȻݺݵز֮Уͬʱڵ֮ҲǷѳһЩעǺڣ
ǰֻͨ壬Ҹ֮ܣҾչֳ
ֶǻȻ⣬ҷĺҲӿһĨ֮ɫԣ飬ڵõ֮󣬽ӵŶôǿ


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ԣһ£Ŀ⿴˿죬ǵͷУҿ԰ֽţǸһƺЩԾȷ⣿
Ȼܹо䴫Ԫ񲨶õЩ֣ϾֻپߴҵǿߣܹӵУ£ȴڳ֣ܲõеЩŹ֣
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٣ı֣˴󳬼ɿû˭Ҫ㣬ʲôģɲռʲô˰ֶջĿʱһԵСͻȻЦֶͬĴƺҲûйڵļɻСҲһЩʲô
Ҷ⡮ڡͦȤȻܰȻҲãĻպ롮ڡӦҲһЩŴɣֶЦ
С̯̯֣Ҳûж˵ʲô⡰ڡûжУԶֶѡҲûʲô
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й򣬽ǷΪ棬ߣǱǶ֣ὫԵĹս̨
ͨһ䣬ƵĹȻըһ˸ŹâĹʱͬһ㣬·潵ȥ
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Ľ֮ڰ쳹һȦۿɼֱӴɢ̺ſѹµĺɫӡȻǱĵֵ
ֶ㻹Ϊǰô׶ԸôֶɭȻһЦȻĻΪȭһȭݺݵغںɫӡ֮ϡ
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һԵĪ˿ЦһɫЩӵضǹڣһ֮ǰͬʱƬԶſռ䣬ڣֶȴԶԶǵǰ桭
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׵ԣҲǵ˵ͷֶǿûĻɣֻǰҲʡ͵ĵư
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ৣ
ΣͻȻӳӰӹգһ־˵ٶֶǺɫֱۻգһںۡ
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ɱ
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ֶ΢죬ֹǿѧǰ첢߱ȻǺ񣬻߱ڵǵԪġ
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ৣ
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ɽ֮ϣڶĿЩ𶯵ֽ֣˫ĹУܹĸо̺ɭɭɱ⣬˫ûκĴ㣬һֽɱУڳ˶ǻǰ۶еκһˣǶ޷ֱֿԼĺڰ
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һڳֶл³̧ͷĿ⵭ĮԶ죬ΪĴڣܹʱʱ̵̿ĴؼԪҪƴģȻһΪɵ顣
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䣬䶯ĺâҲ𽥵̣Ƭ̺󣬺ɢһֻƣл̤ɷǴԶŶħһ㣬ǧ֮󡭡


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ĺâһȴĻߴɣʱһֻڹƵĽƣǴԶŰϢǺĻ̤֮ǷģĻ֮󣬱ǧ֮ǰʱһ㡣
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Ԫѧ֮ôļһﵹЩͣҲ֪ǴŪֲԪ񡭡
ĿȻ൱ĶͬһۿͼҲӹһĨ֮ɫȴôɵһеȷɱУĻп»޷ʤܹΪǿߣͷɲǹⴵġ
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䣡
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ৣ
ȫеĿ⣬һɲǽͶȥ
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޴ĺڰӹûκξ˵ľ죬֮·;ԪǱɢȥ˭ܹظоǵڰ̺֮Ŀ
ܹأ
ɽϵЩߣ޲ΪڰݣЩ̤ǿߣɫЩף֪ǵĻһУɣ
ֶ鷳ˡ
ѾһսȦȡϷӣҲĿصǵᴩذĺڰ֮ϣŶ֮ɫ
ʵе޷ˣȻܹʩչѧƣһǴˣôһ˵ı̬ⲻɵõЩɣ⣬ֻһͼô
ЩһЩʮ󳬼гţǸее
ৣ
ڰᴩأһ޷֮ƣֱֶȥߵɫҲǴ˿̱ޱȵء
ڰֶ֮ͫмٷŴ󣬵˫ۣȴڶ㵵ĿУϣ˫ֽӡͷ⣬Ҳһɲǣ糱ˮһ㣬Ӷ
⣬ֶ䣬γһͷ޴ӰԼ䣬һ־˵ѹɢ
֮
֮ϣЩɵǿߣҲڴ˿һɫأֶϣǸܵһͳĸ߽巽ŻӵеϢ
ֶ֮ڣһµ֮ͻȻڴ˿̱һɹ޷ݵİһ־˵ٶȣֶ֫ٺ
֮ıֶӰѸٵʵʻ޴֮ϣ˸ҫ۵⣬ӴԾ

޴Ȼ֮Ϊʵʰɢ
ӣ
ͳֶȻ𣬶ϵ˫ۣҲڴ˿Ȼӡ䣬Ǿ޴˲丩֮̾ƣֶ
ڴ˿̴֮Ӷ䣬ǻΪһӡ
⣬ϣƸ֣һɫۣһֹ֮⣬ѸٵشӶ
ǿķ
˾ǳεӣܹо֮ɢǿһּǿķѧ
ΪʵĶܣڹΪ񱩵ì
֮䣬˭ռϷ磿
˵֮ϣҲǸһĨѵõڴ֮ɫ
ৣ
Ȼ뷨ȻֹһˣʱɽϣеĿ⣬ǲԼͬػڴˣȻ̵ǹᴩصĺڰһǽ֮ƣŻ֮صײǾ޴֮ϣ
ˣ
һɲǣ֮·쳹֮䣬Ԫըѡ


ٶʮһ 
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ڰĹ˺ʣһּΪ̼ķʽĿע£ݺݵغǾ޴֮ϡ
ײɲǣ֮Ȼ쳹ɢʵʰĲֱǽԪս̨һ޴ѷ죬Ĺ֣ҲǱһ֨֨Ĵ̶졣
أ
ϯǹɽ籩
ռײ֮һŤ֮״â֯رը֮һ㣬Ѥſ
޷ײ֮Ĳľ첨˶ֻܿǷ˸Ĺ֣ͨõļ̹֣˿ȴǱ쳣Ťּļ
ͨһĻüͷҲٶȽ壬òٴγ֣Žǹ𽥵ȹųϣҲӹһĨ֮ɫȻЩţֶ֮Ľ֣Ȼܹƻ
âϯڹ֮УڷĶлʴֶؽһԪǿ˺ɷ顣
֮⣬ƽ̶֮ڣȴǻ𲨶ŰֽȻͬĳȴĿѣ֮С
ֽ֣ųԪǿߵķ˰
һĿ⣬ڹ֮ڣǺ֪еֲĹƣֶܷ
ڶߵĽ֯£֮ŰĲҲ𽥵ؼַ˸ڹâҲһ˿˿ȥ
ڹ֮гֵģӰǵӰɢĺڹ⽫֣ҲŰĲаȻվ
ʱĿ⣬Ҳضս̨Ķ棬֮⿪ʼɢ
âɢȥһģ޴ӰҲٶֵĸ֡
ͫףҲһģӰʱȻɫҲǱüѵ޷һô
ģӰԽԽٶȵسؼеĿע֮¡
ɫӣžк£ҫ֮ϣŲɣϡ
Ȼˡ
ɽ֮ϣһƬȻжӿһĨ֮ɫ֮˳һ㣬Ѹٵӿ
ǰĹƣԪǿ߶ԵֵڳЩ̤ǿߣ⣬˭ûս£ֶȴԪʵ濹׺ݹƣܲõ˸е𺳡
СһȻֶβٰЦеһĻ̲סػͷֶЩԽԽ⣬СһܹڵĻӦûһͦȤ顣
ȫĿУ֮ڵڱƬ̵ļžҲǳ˶⣬֮תʼ𽥵رõ
ɫǵӣͫȻһһģӰͻȻڴ˿̣Ȱɢ֮бӶ
䣡
Ӱٶȿݣ죬ֻܼлһģԼЯӴѹĿ񱩲
ֶˣ
͵һץİ֮ӰݵֱӶգץǵӰ
ȻǵӰٶȣʵ籼ףǴץȥȴǿտյֱǱ׵ܶ
ÿٶȣ
ɫһ䣬ȻǱֶⱩǵٶ𺳣л룬ǰһһӰǹ측֡
˴ʱ췽ų׵ĿǰӰɫǾ䣬ǰֶ֮ǰģ֮ϣǲɫۣȥһۼһ㣬˸ŵ⣬һ־˵ϵشɢ
ৣ
ɫۼ£ܹǶԺĿ⣬һɲǣֶȻһ̽Ʒ䶯ͣ˲仯Ϊһֻɫצ
צ֮ϣâӿ۷ɭĹٲȻžɱ
ƻΪצֶû˿̺ͣͣſצһƱǶźݺץȥ
ͣ
˵צָΣתУͷһּ˾˵ɱֲ˺һԪǿߵ
ֶ׺ĹƣȻҲǲҵһǵ֮Ӱֱ֮ǱӶȻݺݵֶצײ
飡
µƣĴӽ֮ϯԪγɵս̨ڴ˿ͬһ㣬㷭ӿǽ塣
ȻҪɱƺ˵㣡ֱ仯ƺֻһЦǺڰ֮ӰһֻҲȻգֱǴ𾢷磬ضֶԴ˹ȥ
ɲֹأ
ֶкâӿҲһЦһֻ֮ƣȻҲѸٵͱһֻԾɫצ
ʱսֶ컯ȻҲһ־˵ٶ
飡
ɫצݺݺֱһץסǺڰ֮ӰݵƣһȦµٶϯ
㣡
㹥ٶȱ裬ҲЩŭļû뵽ڸ˾޴Ĵۺ󣬾ȻȻ޷׵Ľֶ
˵öԣô꣬ҲǸýˣ
챩ŭʱֶȴ̧ͷǰ¶һĨЦݣЦУͬеħ

ͳĺڴ˿ֶ쳹ӿֶ֫ٺ֮ͻȻѸٵضֶ˫ۼ⣬֮ӿ
ͣ
ֱֶۣڴ˿̾ҵ䶯޴ɫƬһƬƬĸ֣ƤҲǱüӲǶ̶ɲǼ䣬ֱۣȻǳ׵׵ĻΪ˾֣֮
ҵʹӹ֮ӳȴֶ˫ɺ죬֮İԵ޷ܣֶҪ˫ҪСĴۡ
˫ۻֶɭɭһЦ˫һ˫ȭ
ȭ磬û˿ĻڣҲûаѧ켣ѭ̺ȴΨпֲַܹݡ
䣡
ɫ֣籩һ㣬к·ڴ˿ʵʣÿռ䣬ǱŤ
µϯͫҲһ˿ȻӿζȻˣǵ֮Ӱ̤֡
ֶ죬ַħҲǰⰵ֮Ӱжôǿȭͷֱͬһ㣬ЯһɽĿк
أ
ȭݺݵǵ֮Ӱ֮ϣͳ̶ʱ಻ϵ쳹𣬶ǵ֮ӰҲǱòϵرˣһײڹ֮ϡ
ৣ
ֶΣͬʱ·˵İ֮Ӱ֮ǰ˫Ŀɺ죬۷趯Ӱһȭȭȭ
ɽ֮ϣһƬžΨֶ˫ȭǵ֮Ӱĵͳ쳹
꣡
ֶֺ޻ڵķ£Ȼ䣬·һ
Ƭյ棬˶ЩһĻʱֶ˼¡


ٶʮ նɱ
ģİӰصغڹ֮ϣǰֶ͸һ˿⣬̺ſֲɫȭͬһ㣬кǵӰ֮ϡ
أأأ
һľĵͳϵشǵӰ֮ϴܹǵӰĹϣǼٵӿһȦȦ
˿̵ֶħ
Ī׵ҲĿɿڴһĻȻͬǵһμ侲ֶһ˵ķ񡭡
ֶȭ֮õ˺һȭȥԪǿߵеԳܣοֱȭƣһԪǿߣͱǱһ̯࡭
֣ҹ
屻ǹɽʵʰӴ֣Ҳܹоһɿµڷ͸ڰ֮ӰıʴȥͫҲſ־֮ɫӿҲǺۣţֶ֪شȥӵѧ֮黤壬Ҳɣ
ţٿǺڰ֮ӰֶĹƣߴʱȴ죬ŭ˿ֻǽļ̌ȭȻݺ¡
٣ȷǳ壬һҫ۵ţҺСʱǼס֣죡
ֲֶȭͷһȭȭĺݺݺ£Ƿģ·ǽѹԹرһ㡣
ҵһԹ޵ˣ֮ΨһĿ꣬ɱ㣬Ϊҵۣ
飬ô֪Ϊҵεô֪ЩΪ׷ϳԽŸʲôĴۣ
ССĺɽ˶ٺˮûҩûԴûбֻԼҲֻ׾ִֵ׷ĴţΪǸССļΨһϣ
ѺҲΪһеڶεĻ᣿
ֶһѣ龹ޱȵĿɺض죬Ŀ⣬ú߶ĺ⡣
ԣ飬Ӱɣ
ֶȭٶȽգӿ䣬ȭͷ֮ϣͷ֮״ȭ纷Ȼըεİֶȭ³ΣݺݵһӰ֮ϡ
꣡
쳣ͳͫȴڴ˿˲Ϊܹһ̶֮ڴ˿ȻȻȻͷֻǰѧ֮飬Ȼǿʼɢ
ǿǱֶĴɢˣ
ʧȥѧ֮ķεֲֵֶֿȭ
һֿ־壬ͻȻڴ˿ͬˮӿҿֶ˿ɲģɲź߻˿飬ѧ֮лδȫʱһǱˡ
أ
ȻθոձʱֶȴɭȻһЦһȭֱǳ׵ĺ䱬ǵڰ֮Ӱǹɲȭ磬ϯ׷죬ݺݵغ֮ϡ
ͣ
壬̱һѪ˳Ǳս̨ϵһʮ׵ĺۼ
θոסǱ𣬵˿ڣµľٶȶſıȣͬشһ㣬ݺݵ˦֮ϡ
꣡
˲ݣǱ̱ڵ棬޴צǺХ£ץסȻ̧ͷֶϿʼȥۣʱĺߣһӣɭȻɱ⡣
ϡţͨ졣
ûʤֶֻ죬ϵһ˿˿ĵЦ
֪ʱٷܣչֳʵȻᱻأһ˳ɣǶԼ׳ּңӵž޴в
£ֶȻ
죬䣬ͫ·Žӿ
֪һԪĴڡֶ죬һЦֻ۾ĺ⣬ȴ޷Ρ
ģҲκһӵġ
ֶϵЦݣ

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ǿ塭ϣǺĵǿߣĿЩضֶɱר壬ΪǿֶǰıȻǸе졣
ͨһĻóֶƺ붯ɱ֣һ£׼˵ʲôȻˣ츳ȴǲƺһЩܣܹԪŵĻҲһˡ
ֻҪû˵䣬սֱһһǿɻû˰˵أִͨ£㼱ʲôȻͨ׼ʱǵȴǵһЦ
ʤôͨüͷһ壬
˵ôĵص
ͨؿ˵һۣҲٶ˵ƺҲǿһЩƺҪǸֶļһ
ս̨֮УֶĿ⵭ĮǷ죬ȴǻӣ˺ߵǡ
죬ˣڵǵԪµȥɡ
ȵԪֶķۣӣҲڴ˿ӿϿ־֮ɫеζ
ֶҪɱң֮ĶԹ޹أֻҪһ·Ը㣬ǲ
ֶ߶ԪʱͻȻһŵڴĶУǵصԪ񡭡
ֶĮȻΪֻһЦҡҡͷ
죬ټˣǵĶԹ˽
ֶǿ־ɫǲԥľǾĿУȻ¶
꣡
ѵڴ˿̶̣


ٶʮ նɱ
꣡
֮ս̨֮УȻĴǷ壬Ҳһɲǣ̡
֮ϣԼ־壬һԵøĿ¡
ֶƣץǴͷ­ѣѪԽԵüѪȡ
ֶɫĮȻ۾ʼѸ˵죬֣ϽѪöȥ
ˡ
ǰѸ˵壬ֶ֪ͬλļһһ̣˽֮еĶԹ
ծӰֻˡ
ֶͷһһ죬˶ꣿɽǸƣۿ޵꣬ڴģӦñһɣ
ֻǣҲǵǸ꣬۽磬ԶԶһһܹơ
Ǳ㰲ڴɣҲκεķ˾ŵǡ
ֶ΢΢һЦЦݺ㣬ûǰ˿ͷǱʬ壬ͬķϣһ˽ͻش
ֻڴ֮ǰڵǹҵʰ
ֶ΢ƣᰴͷ䣬Ĵһɫ֣һ֮Ȼڡ
˵ǰһĻ죬ֶȴǣ֮УһԪǰĹ£ǵԪȴᱻøɸɾ
ԸȻǲ
֮ӿڣʱɢѰǱеԪ񡭡
ô
ѰƬ̣ȴ޽ֶȴûзһЦӴѰȡ
޿ײѰӺǲಿλһһ֮γ޵Ƭ
ֶԩ޳Ѿɱ죬αظϾɱʱǵԪȻҲǷֶַ£Ƿŭغ
Ǹ²ϲβͣЩҲ٣˵Ҳ˼鷳ԡûдŹ㡣
ֶһЦȻҲԪٱĻᣬһ֮ʱХֱӻΪಿλһ˸ĹâΧס
֮ͼֶܹǵ֮УһģӰ
ǵԪô
ֶüͷһҲе棬ԪĴڣֻھ˵ߴ֮󣬵֮еԪŻ𽥵ŻΪԪļ󣬶һԪɱԪҲԪĴﵽ˵ҵļ
Ǹʱ򣬼屻٣ֻҪԪ𣬱ܹӵĻᣬͬڵһ㣬ֻҪһ٣ϱ޸֮
ң˵һܹ߶Ԫ֮ȡ˵ޱȣͣԶڵֶܹԤϡ
ǵԪڱ֮ȻҲڱץǷʱֻһʧȥԪѣûкԴȪͲֶ࿹⡣
ɡ
ֶĮȻһ֮ǱʱԪǿʼԪȻ𽥵ر֮ɣ
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ǵԪһһĻʱҽУҽޱȵ𾪣ȻǷֶܡ
ǲ
ֶ΢ЦһȻһϳӵǾ͸˷ˡ
ֶҪɱң֪ٵܣֻҪҸߣܹкܴջ񣡡ԪҲǲֶɱģ¼æ
һ㿿һ򱶵ֵܣֻɫòϡֶº͵Цһ֮ӿֱǽԪ֮У䳹׵׵ɡ
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ƺǶ˵ʲô
ֶעӿڵ֮ͻȻзһŽ⣬ǽУԪζȴûκεʶȻԪʶǱʣµģһԪ
ֶ۲һԪ⣬һʱȴкôǷֳһ֮Ȼڵ֮ڡ
˵Ԫ֮еʶѱֶȻǲκε
һУֶջƣһӣʬǬȻ̧ͷΧʱŷؼһƬžһĿ⣬ǷЩηĽţȻǱǷֶ塭
ֶ״Ҳûö˵ʲôĶԹЩ˲ף֪˴ΰܵ³ҡ
߿˿λˣȻЦЦĸ󻼣ǳ˵顭
ֶλҲǸ˸룬ֶǷֶΣûõκεĶУҲʲôȱʥˣԼĶֱдȱ̬Ƕô޴¡
ͨؿֶһۣȻһ֣ۻ֮쳹𣺡Ȼһֽս˽Ҳ÷ϻˣֱӿڶְɡ
ֶɨɨһսǽСףСҲǲϵĽõֶǣȻᶼͦ˹ģȻǾһ൱׺ս
ĿתƶȻֶһֱע죬ϲûǰЦ⣬һĪζֶüͷ΢΢塣
ڶ֣ͬǰһ㣬ǩ֡
ͨһӣһȦٶȳ֣ȻڰըѶЩ򼴽ʱֶͫȻһȻ̧ͷĿ޴ͻȻһּΪ
ǺǣսûҪˣҲȵЩͷˡ
ƴ޿ռ䴦͸ȻյǺ֮УԼܹһЩӰڡ
ʲôˣ
ϣ˴󳬼ɵǿɫҲڴ˿̾ȻԹվЩơ
ɽϣҲڴ˿Щɧ˶Ŀ⾪ɵһĻȻʲô飬һЩߣоһֲĸо
̡
ֶɫ˫΢еĺƣ³һڰ
ЩһȻ˰


ٶʮ ռ
Ũĺƣڴ˿һּΪ̬ӿֳضֶȥǰ̣Ϊĺˡ
ɽ֮ϣҲΪһĻЩɧңɲĿ⣬ϵɨɨȥ
ֶüͷźգǺ֮УܹоһЩΪµĿһ£ȻѸٵս̨ӳ·ɽ
ֶɽʱССףҲ̽ҲϽ£ɫЩţȻǱһĻ𶯡
Щһﶯˣô죿Сգ
ֶǵ˵ͷȻţεڲ岻֣ϻгɵǿ򣬶ƬռǶЩɹеĵ̣Ҫ߿ɲʲô׵£Ƕ̫󣬱ȻᾪЩɣʱ򲻹Щһ﾿ʲô·¶ڶĵ
ֶ֪ЩˣһԵ׵ЩľսȻû뵽ȻӳɿƬԶս
ţ䷢ǣº󻹱׷ɱڼ佻ֶ֡΢΢ͷʱȻҲûʲôϾѾˡ
Ļ˵Щ赭дԼɭȴһĶݣЩ˸ƶ򳬼ɾ֪ǱضǳֶȻܹЩ˽ֲҰȻڣͣ治һľˡ
䣡
ϣƷţƬ̺ͻȻѿһ϶ڹ⽵٣ʮȫںڹ֮еӰǻڰ۳Ρ
ʮӰĳ֣ʱԪǷһ޷ݵĿ²֮ɢӴѹֱɽ޷֮С
ÿµʵ
ɽ˲ѹɫ˲ӿϺȻ֮ɫֻƾԪѹܹѹЩˣǴðı̬
ߣ
ϣǰɵǿߣҲɫ࣬һߣͬŰޱȵԪԶԷԪѹ¡
ҵ˭ԭЩļһǵĵӻǲСǱǶ򣬾Ȼ֣ͨĿⶢڹӰЦȻǽǵ˳
ԭԪִͨ
ʮڹӰ֮УΪһҲһЦͷϺڹɢ¶һЦеӡ
֣ӣͨˣüͷҲһ壬صǸǶٳսʲô
ҲûʲôƬԶսҲͦȤռô꣬Ҳֵ˰ɡǱΪ֣ӵЦЦףϹĻصţ·һĵĹ
ȻĲƬռѱλǶƾ֣ҲȡֻҪҽϢȥЩˣһŻȥͨ
ȻˣһȻ뵽ͨĪ㻹ΪܽϢƬռ䲻ɣ֣ϸһĨЦݣ
ԣͨʱһָһһǴֶָȻ޿ռ䡣
Ԫô״֣ȴһЦ˫۱أû˿Ҫ˼
ͨӳڼ޿ռʱƬ޴ȴǶȻһȦӴĺɫģڹ˸ֱǽǵ˻ȥ
һĻͨȳɵǿߣɫʱЩ仯Ժĵǿߣһȭһɿµȭ³ΣֱƬռŤڿռŤʱһٶȹ֣֩һ㣬ճ޿ռУһȭ׵ĵ¡
ǺǣΪ˽ԶսŪߣǿǽͼǴ˹İɣĶԲᱻǸЩϹҲȻᱻס֣Цеص
ͼô˻ͨλ˶һȻǱͷ塣
ȻԪ֮˳ε¹򡣡üͷһ壬
ٺ٣û취ԶսһõطдҪǷɲװ֣Ц
ֻҪռ֮ڽ󷨣Щֱܹ߱ӽƬռ䴫͵ȥ
ЩˣЩѡγŰɣҲãһ˳ȥܹͶĻҲܸһĴȻǲӵĻǱΪū֣Цеؿһɽϵˣ˵Ļȴɫ
Ȼˡɫҧгݵصǵڶ汻ץȥ򣬿Ҳᾡɥʧ
ΧЩɫҲǼΪѿе㾪̣ǺȥǵĴŶôǼūɡ
ϣüͷҲ΢΢ţûʧɫ˿֣ӵˣƤ΢׼õȷͦȫôƤ½󷨣
ϷˣӦò׵رӰɣ
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סǣûǱ£ͨЦ
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䣡
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飡
ոճ֮ͣжʱһ˵ĲµĹݺݵкţǽǹϷĶ÷
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ʮǿ߶ʱӦȫ߶ͼס˵ˡ
𣬳󷨣ҪסЩһʱ޷ģ֮£ǣ֣ͻȻ̧ͷź֮ȵ
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ٶʮ 
ϣʮӰԺӳȻҡڵھٳɽлЩʱͣ£ĿⷺЩζĽɽϵ˶ס
ЩǶ֮еôƺûʲôصĵطʮӰǰһ꣬ЦеɽƲƲ죬
ȵʱǽƬռᵽЩνţ¾͵ΪˡһҲǴЦ

ԣжʱһЦǷģûн·ЩνŷС
ðеЩЦɽҲŭӿ֣ˣ˭ĸ֮ôֵܵĳ
Ȼŭŭ˿Ҳû˭׵˵ʲô棬ƺЩɵǿ߶סѵ棬ָǲɣ
һЩĿ⿪ʼתƣǵĿ⣬඼Ͷλõ죬ôԪǶΪǿǱ󣬻Ԫŵʱ˽һЩϣƺҲӦ
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Ԫ죬Ԫŵӣһŭ
죿ûԪһûϷʵص
磬һȻûȥԪţôܻ˵һ˴Ц
ԭǺٻǱΪһЦ˿Ѿɫ
ˣҪѿˡΪǰһŰ۷ӣǰ˰֣ĳֹ
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λȻӵŲ͵ĵλһڣǳЦŵ˵ͷٳ
ֹǰ۷ӣŻͷĿ⵭ĮĿˣ䣬һ޵ǿԪɢͷ͵һݣⲨǱ춼ҪǿһЩ
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ʶɣŰ۷ӻӻ֣һǰĿԹĽֶţģǱֶǴ˶ӵ齫
ٺ٣ֶǵҵ˵Ļô˵ڵģ齫ضֶɭȻЦ
ȻŰӵļһֶƳ齫һۣЦ
ӲɣƬռ䱻Ǵ͵򣬵ʱеֶ֪ʲô齫һ
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ֶԣ˫Ҳ΢΢һУ΢Щˬɻǰû̫Ĳ·һè˵ǴӶЩƬռ䣬Ųţ
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죬ڿɲ˵ʱǱǽ󷨣Ȼǽռ䴫͵򣬵ʱˡһԵӣͻȻڵ
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ȻԪֶüͷҲ΢΢һ£죬ȷһЩ汾£ԪûʲôرĻεİٳսھǻ䵽С
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СϹһĨζЦ⣬Ҳʲô˫۱أעųС
ԪҲǲʵˡϣŰ۷ҲеСض죬΢΢ҡҡͷȷ٣ֻں֮ڰˣȻ˴жƣҲǿߣʰǣӦ㹻
ɡ
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Щɫ߶ռʱǲԶɫγɵ֮УͻȻͨŭ֮
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ڹ죬֮Ͻ˸һɲǣһѪǱĵɶݺݵµ档
ԭЩǿߣǰĲ˲ֹסһ϶ǲž֮⣬Ȼû뵽Ȼ̤Ԫ죬һغϱܡ
ֶҲڴ˿̻أһǿ
У۷Ŀ⸩ˣĮӹһĨڽ֮⡣
Ҫô


ٶʮ 
ӰգָĿһָӵĽǶȶɽϵˣϣҲǹһĨЦЦЦ⡣
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ӣ̤ǿߣҲɫ粻ȻǱǰһ塣
ôôǿֶһĻüͷ̲ס𣬵
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ӦһԪ֮Ȼܹ߶һͼ֮˵ǵͼ֣ټʵ챻һдҲʲôֵ¡
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һֱ鱦ΪǿıֶǷڳУҲ൱ϡĶС
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ԽǿߣȻǱһдܡ
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ĸȺ𼤷ߣӣҲһҧ촽Щվ磬룬Ľɪһ֣סǲˣȫ֣ƻ󷨣
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ԣӣʱһ죬ûǰݣګګصǼһǿġ
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㲻Ķ֡Сüͷ
ԣֶϷӿһĨĪЦ⣬СļǿɲһŶ
㲻Ҫ֪Ϊʲôһֱѹžôұ㡭
ŴԲֶС˫ĿҲǻһĿô


ٶʮ ƾ
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ֶ
ϣǲͷֶ߳ҲһĨĪȣЦǰսȷܲȴ޷սܵĻ²ʲôء
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ԵĻСסЦ
ܴ磬αظСӷϻһԪˣҲҳ磬ɣλɫӣؿ˿ֶЦ
˰֣Ŀֶͣϣ˲Ǳô򵥣СƵĻԴġ
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Сĵ㡣ӣ޵ǵصֶҲǱһʰ˵ĻǶǵʿ̫ˡ
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һֱ׺Ĳӣ˶һģûֶ֧һغϡ
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ৣ
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ͣ
ɫƬһֱ꣬ݺݵǽɫ֮ϣһΣȴûл𻨱ɫƬֱǶ˼ޱȵĽܣȻһ־ٶȣֲҪ
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ৣ
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ٶʮ 
䣡
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һѵִʼʩôӣҲһȻ̲סظֽ֮ɫɲ棬֮ǰֶһıܹɹҲΪƫ棬˭Ҳ֪ڰжԸڵ٣ȴǲͬʵԶɱȣҷ׽ٶôɵӶ֪ʲôѵ𻹻òô˶ô
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СӲǴȻôˣĵȥɣ˵ЩҲûá
ʱСҲֻ˵˵
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أ
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䣡
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׽ٱǿˣ
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ЩӶȥʱѪ׳˶Ӱٶȳֶǰ貵Ѫڱֶ֣
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飡
˵ĲֱѪ֮ըѶһ񱩵Ĳϯ
ڹѸٵɢѪΡ׳˶ӰٶȻֻ֣ʱѪ֮ϣǳһ۵Ĵˣһ֮ӿ֮ɫҲ࣬ȻѪķӲĳ˲ĹƺȻ޷ְȻ
ȥֶѪ֧Ų̫ð
ӣɫصѪ״ȭͷ̲סؽģֶƺҪѪʱ䣬ѵⶫϵȴ˳ضɹ׽ٲô
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ӣнʱƷӿͻȻԽԽ̺ĲҲǿʼÿֲ
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Ʋ𽥿ֲʱɽͻȻһ֮һר޾ǿĿ⺧Ȼޱȵգģһ㡣
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뵽˴ӣɫʱüΪٵӣɾԲʲôһһô򵥰
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Ҫһ׽٣ҪľҪﵽһ൱µĵزҲ˵֮˵ľΪһֱѹ֣;˿й¶ֱѹִﵽ׽ʱų׵׵ı
ܹĶɹӵķ׽٣ֶľҲǣֱӱǵӡʦĵز
ȻǶɲֱӻᱻޱȵķ׽ٺʣٵӣձƻԶԶٷֿܹġ
һӱ˲ɣһȺǿߣҲɫЩŹֵӿƣ֮ɢĿ²ǶǸеľʵе޷ףֶҪʲôһ±˶öˣһ䣬ܽǻҶʣ
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֮ϣռŤγһڰͨʱеһǳʮӰΪ֮һٻӰȴõֶߣڴ˿̡
ٻӰǳɫȹ޳ĽֻԶۣҲܹѩļ࣬ɴգϡǹճ˽תضʧɫ
㣬̤¹Ů䷲Ůò˶Բλ֮С
ģ֮ǰһ޶ֻʣȴ֮Ũ

ֶ΢΢һ£ͷ³һŰǿѹǺܾöδ궯ġ
֪൱ŽĹ⾰ˡ
꣬Ҳڲ֪Ϊ꣬Ǹͼ֮߳ƼԶսգȺۡ
СʹֶμӰٳսĥʱǰҲֶ֪ӦһֵԭΪǸŮ˵һ仰
Ҫ֮飬ӵвμӰٳսʸ˵ɡ
ֶϣ´μ棬㲻ỹСǿߣĲǿ࡭
СֶԸܽ˵ֻУȻԼⱲӵĵһŮˣֶѽĻ
ֶЩŬ˵ʵ˵ԵʣΨԼ֪ҲһЩ˵
ϣԼ˫峺һָӵĽǶȿš
ͬʱҲ֪ԼǾ޴ݲܹ࣬׾ٵػѾǧ෽ܹóɾͣңߵ츳ҲõúܶȻʧɫ
֮ŮҪ׷ϳԽ̸ף
ǵĹЩƵһĻֶţ֮䣬ԶκεĽ
ϣûˣƽոıԭĹ켣ֶҲڽ߾ȫõԼǿ
Ϊܴ죬ǰλҫ۵ţǱֶ׵˶еĶԹ
ΪӵŲμӰٳսʸ񣬵ڣû˭ҷֶѾΪһٳսĹھһٳսΪҫ۵Ĵڡ
ڵֶҲǵǸûʲô꣬Զս֪˴΢СҲݣȥʱεĿνš
ֶǸӡŮǰҫҫʲôֻúףǸ꣬ջϡ

ֶĿ⣬һ̤ɰٻӰκͻȻЦЦȻӰлΡ
ôò׼ŮˣȻȥкСϷʵضֶȻҲϳ񣬶ҲŮֶôĺۼ
ڵĻһЩ
ֶܹϸּܵǿѹȣȻʵ֮ǰǿڵֶҲȻ޷
ֶֽɥ񱾾֮ӣʱ䣬ܹȳɾҲ֮С
ȥ棬ҲֶԱֻǵ˵ٴγʱᵱֶ˯Ůˣһġ
ڣֶΪԼʸǰ˵仰Ҳǵ֪ꡭ
һεõֶо֮ɴڵĲֻ࣬ǣֲ࣬Ѿǵ֮
ǵٻӰҲǵе޷ңԶ֮С
Ժ󣬻мʱ򡭡ֶ̧ͷңԶٻӰ˵

ģ
֣ɫѿЩŤĿռ䣬ЩطܹоǿϢԽԽȻǴ˴εļƻǳ׵İ¶
õͦ졭ҲЩ죬Це֣ӣεļƻֵʧ˰
쵰
֣ɫ࣬бŭޱȣôõǱû뵽ǹһ
ȻˣǾͱˣǡԪš򣬽ǺУͨЦ֣Ȼǳ׵ļתֱ¡
һΣǵùԣͲͨʸܵĶˡ֣ӳص
ʱȻӲͨȻŭһԪӿֱǻΪһԪ̣һ˺ʣһֲֿٶȣ֣ӡ
λһ֣ˣڳʱͨҲһȡ
ߣ
֣ɫӡһ䣬պ䶯ռ䶼ѿһ޴ĺɫѷ죬ѷ֮УڹⱩӿΪһźɫľǰ䣬һּ˿µĲϵشǺɫ֮ɢ
ͼ
ǵɫᣬͨɫʱһ䣬ŨṴ֮̃ɫ
ৣ
ɫһһڹƥӳһ֮£ǽͨĹ÷飬֣ӡãһȦȦڹĴӾ֮ӿǽ£γһͼ
٣Ҳȷ鴫ԶսƹһЩʱ䣬´սʱƬռ䣬֮ˣͼΣ֣ҲǳͨЦ
ӣ
һĻͨɫʱһ䣬֣ͼǱڹ⣬ɫ˲佫֣ӵ˵Ȼһ˺ѿռ䣬ƾյʧȥͬʱʧģ֣ӵǿߡ
쵰
֣ӵ˴ҡڵȥͨʱŭһ
ִͨ£αضӵŷͼҪߵĻû˭סЦ
ҿǻǼְٳսɣ룬ĹھӦѾѡ
ߣ
ͨԣͷһߣĿе֪ʲô

ô
޿ռУԸ󳬼ɵǿӶݶȥ֣ӵˣЩϧҲ޿κΡ
һˣչˡ
һЩɵĵӣҲûȤͣԶԶԼɳһȻתȥ
Ҳ߰ɡ
һŤռ䴦̤һɨӯӯתʮӰʧȥ
ʧֱǻΪ⣬ӹռ㣬Ŷȥ
͡
ӽռʱͻȻһһλŮӽס
īʦ㣬ʲôһһˣЩʵ
Ԫţûʲôֻ˵˵ΰٳս¡λŮ΢Ц
ʲô˵ģǹھ뻹ԪˣⶼǹˡһƲƲ죬
ǺǣԪʵȷǿôǿԪλųСԪĳţҲֻʦĿ׷ء
˵ǼһﻹԪų顭һԵļŮӣЦص
졣
ǰ̤еƣǼŮӶͷ̡
ǵ˵ˣٳսھɲԪˡӵԪŵŮЦ
Ŷ˭ȻʤԪˡ˾ȵصǰ񣬷ӵٶȶ΢
Ҳ˲Ϥ֪ʲôһֶļһɡ
ৣ
Ůӵո£ǰӳӰȻ̶̣֮Уڴ˿ӿһ֮ɫ
ֶǸһôμӰٳսô


ʮ 
ڰռ֮УӳӰͻȻ̣֮УҲǰ䣬ȡ֮ŨŨš
Щͬ꼻е˿̣ȴΪǴ֮˵һֶ
ֶ
һֻ˵֣ͨ˿ȴǾĺľ˾ҵ
Զǣ֮ǰССĴ֮е¡
ʱ䣬УţǸֶļһҲǱڲͼʱ佫
Ȼȴڴ˿̣һ֣ػѣ֮ǰһĻĻٶȴԺӿô
Ǽ·󣬼ӣΪ߷߶̲סӿɱ⣬ɱֶԶĨȥ
ûΪлʵԶѹʱչֳһֿµִҲΪӣҲΪ֪ء
գŹֶҴ׵н£ֻԼ֪ʱεĸӡ
ܹǵãɽ֮ϣǱ˫ĿȴӣʱԼ˵ᳬԽ죬һٴǰúå˵˯Ůˣҵġ
ʱⷬΪǸʱֶε֮ľ룬ҲԶܹǳ֮ˣֻһͼּ֮ˡ
ˣȫͬһ磬ûⷢĻǽԶ˿Ľ
Щʱû˵ǰµĺ׳ֻһЦ֮Ȩһ
֪뿪ʱЩ飬㽫Զļ֮УԺ̤㣬£𽥵ڼз񡭡
Ǹֶꡣ
ЩǱΪţֱ֣ٶȴĶʱŷ֣Щļ䣬Ȼǰ̡
ǸСޱȣǸϢѹǱǸױƵꡭ
ĴǸССĴ߳ңٳս֮Уӱ
˵һУȻˡ
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ʦ㣿ôˣ
ЩŮҲΪͻȻͣӰһ£Сʵ
̧űɴһڱĿ˿˿Ƣѹǲľ
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ǵһռӵˣб£ԼΪΨһһռӵˣҪ񣬻ô򵥵¡
ϣ´ڶʱʸǰ˵Ǿ仰ʱۣʶһϲġ

˰
ٳɽֶʧĵط΢΢ԭȵľҲǽƽҲȻѾôպǻټʱ
ڵʵܲСصҵĸӦӦôﵽ۷壬Ҳֻһ֮ң
۷塭
ֶ΢΢һ̲סһ̾治֮Ů̶겻ʱ䣬ʵȴǽ˿ֲٶȣеĪĸо
ٺ٣ҿ㣬Ůˣгɾ͸еġСֶļ򣬹Ц
ֶһۡ
ôֶҲҲ˼ֶС˵䣬һԵȻҲǼֶķ򣬵Цеص
ֶ֪еص
٣̫幬񣬶˭˲֪Ǿ̫幬մӣλͬ죬òҲǵ֪ٳɵžΪĽϧǣܹժһ污ɴ¾աЦ֮䣬ҲЩڵĻ֮⡣
ֶе㲻̫ڵӣ΢еŹֹ֣ǿɴµգ
һ뵽ǻ֮£ֶԶ̲סͷ΢̣˶ԣϣûб¹Ůгɾ͸е˰ɡ
Ȼ飬ֶȻ˵˵ٳսӱҪЩе״ӱȴȻżĲ࣬ŮĻһ˵ȥµʱ׷߿׷ɱ
ԭǾ̫幬ˡ
׵ĿУֶû뵽߻Ǿ̫幬ˣ˵ɵвСԵ֣뵱ڴǸһлһ̫幬ѧ
뵽˴ֶҲ̲סһЦһٶȿʧĵط΢ƣһڴӿ
һټ棬ɾ͵С˰


ʮ ѡ
ٳɽսֵĻЩɵǿҲİΣɽա
һĻɽ֮ϵɧʱðһЩжһЩӿȻ֪ᷢʲô
λ˴εİٳսӦòҪһ˰ɣЦеɽϣȻЩɵǿߡ
֮սҪѡһ͵Ĺھ룬ǹھҲѾѡɣĵλǿҲǵ˵ͷЦŵ
ԣһԵЩǿҲ΢΢ͷȻǵĿⲻԼͬͶ£·һ޳Ӱ֮ϡ
ͨüͷ΢壬δȡùھ֮λЩƿأʱȻҲ޻˵ǰų˭Щһ󷨱Ϊھ˿ڷڶûء
νİٳսھȻǳɶԣȴ൱ҪãΪչأǹھĳɣܹڴ˴εİٳսлı
Ҫһɵĳʢ˥ѪҺĹעҪЩܹӰٳսӱţ츳㣬ܹɣ䳤÷չȻŲСá
˵Ӱٳս֮ѡӣֻЩյӵ֮һѪҺȻӶ࣬Щ꣬Ϊ˶յӵķ⣬˴󳬼֮䣬Ҳûйˡ
ҲΪЩˣų̨һЩٳսھĹĸɲܻĵԴ
ٳսĵԴֳʮɵĻôھɣܹԭһ֮ϣļһ㣬⼸ɵ
⼸İٳսھ඼ԪˣΪԪŵĵϵЩھȻһؼԪţҲԪγΪٳսߡ
ֻһΣȴΪֶ⣬ͨҲҿ϶ѡԪţȻԪⶫǿɣֶͨȴе㲻
У˴󳬼ɵǿߴ˿̵Ŀǻ·ֶΧɽһĿ⣬Ҳ৵תƣȫֶϡ
ͻȫĿõֶһ£Ÿоھλã񲢲Ϊô򵥡
ֶҪһɣЦеضֶƵúеëȻ
ո£ǰĿҲǽض˹
̶ţֶԸ񶼲Щ̫ڣֻһҪ볬ɵĵӶѣòŸôµעӰɡ
һԵСҲ˫Ŀ΢еһĻѡɵºҪΪһʱ䣬ֶҪУһ룬Ͼͻᱻɵӡ֮У֮ΪңЩǴ󴬣㸲еĵӣҲޱǱ֮³
ԪʵȻǿԴȵȣҲᳬĳɣУҵõĻǰ;ͦ
ȻǿĳɣСȴǼΪų⣬һԪ˫˴ȱԷɱԣ˵з˵뿴ֶԪţȻֶȻѡСҲ˵ʲô
ߴ󳬼ɣڻǲѡ񣬵Ȼֶ뿿һЩĻ̫幬Ҳ
ֶҲͦĵǿơ
ֶƺҲԣЩԾΪ
ȥСͻȻеŹֵķֶ֣ͣƺѡĳɻ治١
С˸ЩͷʱֶҲ΢üͷΧ˶ĬİţЩڵĽЩҪ볬ɣÿֲҪһﵹãЩɣ۰Ͱ͵صڡ
ɽϳĬ˰Σֶջ̧ͷȻŰհ˹Ĺ˹֣λǰֶ롮ڡ

ֶĻɽһɧ֮˶һĴ㵣ȻЩû뵽ֶѡڡ
˴󳬼֮Уڵʵ˵ĩҲ㲻ÿǰܵ˵ӵеĵӣӦǰ˴󳬼֮ٵģĳַ˵ƲһЩ
Ժܶ˶Щ޷⣬ֶΪʲôǿԪţתڡ
ΧЩȻֶҲеΣԪʵȷۻ룬Ǽ˽ȥȷܹӵһǿĿɽΪСԵʣֶȻҵʱСع⣬ԪҪֶ֣ӣȻСԵʱ˵ǵñԪ׷ɱȻȥ鷳ʲô
ھ̫幬ʵҲ൱ǿݵλȻߣֶһӵݼȥʵǰ˵ЩֶԼΪ˾̫幬ĵӣǻжôΡ
ںĵڵɣֶǺҲųȥ
ԣѡѡȥƺҲ͵ڱȽϷθڣȻǸϼһе˵˼
УǰɵǿֶѡɫҲǸоʣЦеͬʢĻ㣬ˣһźΨͨӹһĨ֮ɫֶԪţѡڣõӺЩ̫ÿ˴λȥᱻ²
ֶѡɲǶϷǹغպǰ;ɾͣĪҪΪһʱ֮Ūûڡͨص˭ó֮еһЩԹŭ֮Լһصв
ֶ΢ԸвˬͨҲ̫һЩԪ֮жĻȥ
ͨѡɣǸ˾˵⻰Щˡ̧̧ۣ
ԪŵȷǿҵҲǷ֮ҵڽһӣɱԪŶնϣⱾ£ˣ
㾹ȻԴ˵ͨɫ䣬ʱȵ
Ϸ˵ʵ飬Ҳڴ˿̶Ȼͨص
ߣ󣬾ڻĵˣڴ£ǻĵɹڻ٣ǲˬǣܱƵԪƽ̳֣Ҳ㹻ֵˡͨɫص
ٸҷϻϷվͷ㣡
ɫȻڴ˿ӿһĨ֮ɫ͵һ̤ʱԪϯ
ԪΪ죬з·ںһּΪǿ֮䣬Ϣ޾

ͨȻҲǸоԪͫȻҲһȣңҲң
һ䣬ͨڣͬŰޱȵԪӿ˵ҲǼ˵Ŀֲ
ϣ˲佣š
ɽϣͻȻ䷭󳬼֮ˣ˲ȫǺȻһĿ⿴ֶһߵͰ鷳ﰡ


ʮ 
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֮ϣͨӣ䣬˴жɱ⸡֣󣬾ǰã˿ɻֵֵǿߣڣȴűļ
ֶҲеȻһĻȻҲû뵽˱ô죬ҴɫȻһԲϾͻĳ֡
ԪЩͷֶֹ
٣ǰλɱԪŵĺˣǵѵһţƽ̶伫ΪĿأȴǱԪŶɱΪԹСˣСЦ
Ǽһ˳ɳĻȻҲǾ뢰Ĵڣʧڸڵ⣬Ϊ츳Խ˫֮ѡ˵ģ
ֶ΢΢ͷԵλ˵еĺǰ˽⣬Ҳ֪ڻǺεȵǿСĻУܹһЩϾܹСֽļһ˵ֻˣɲࡣ
λǰô뵽ɱԪŵģڵƽԪƽɱֶ̲סʵ
£ҲǺϾǷڶ¡ʱ򣬾ƽ̳֣ҲȲԪܹΪǿĳɣͷɲǰ׽еģ٣ȻĻɱǸȫɵˡСЦ
ֶĦ°ֻͣһͼѣЩǰֻڴеĳɣҲֻһЩģĸھжǿ˵
ֶС̸䣬еҲĽţϢʱһԵ೬ɵǿߣҲǿڡ
λѡӵʱڸҲǳ£Щµӡɲáȿڵģλ̫幬΢üȥԵӺݻ
Ǻǣ˵ûλɲʲô£ȻֶѡڣȻҲ˳⣬˵ĻԵ̫ȡǱһϻˣҲǵЦ
һԵ೬ǿҲǵ˵ͷʾͬ
ͨ״ӹһĨ֮ɫ֪Ԫ⼸ٳսĹھҲõĳЩһܹõԪŲٳΪĻߣЩһҲֵԵ侮ʯ
ߡ
ȻͷˬͨҲ״޷ģֻһߣһ˦ǽǰԪڣȻضҲգѵðͷξǣµʱӵܣǰ;
ͷġص
٣⻰㻹ǵ´ɴ˵µʱڵţֵʧ١ͨЦ
ԣɫʱɴǶ󳬼ʵսĥµ֮ЩɴҲǱԪԵıȽո¶ͷǵ츳ӣɴбԪǿº֣ӶµʧС
ͨɫͷųһ㣬һӣˣϻ˵Ͻѡӡ
ݺݵضһۣȻתĿ⣬ɽ֮ϣڳԸҵߣϢţֻ֮ҪϢɡ
һ䣬ɽҲǴһЩɧţһɹϢʱӿΨˣϢҲǶŵϺŵĳɣܹУѾһΪѡ
һĻɫԻȻ۶ʱƬ⻪Ϊ½½Ľɽ֮һЩϢӰ֡
ֶſʼյӵͻȻһԵĪ裬ǣԸô
ԣĪǶһ£еεصﲻμ⣬ҪڵĻҲÿ˼ҪҪ
Ҳǰ˴󳬼֮һʲôĵֻǱϾֶû취ѡֻȴЩɵǿѡ
ֶЦЦҪȥĳɣز죬һҲȤܹĪ裬ǴϣҲһְףϾܵ˶Ǻð¡
Ī˶Դһ·ളȻҲ뿴ѡ⣬ܹ˽ڵĻϢشǣҲӦ֪ôܻرĶ顣
ৣ
ֶ׼˵ʱŹĪ裬ףɭº籵˾֡
ϼһ
ֶһĻҲǷһĨЦ⣬ҲʱڹעͷӵҲȤģȻ뻹һֶ֮ǰ֡
ĪˣҲһļֶĿŸмǶףΪֶԵʣǵ츳Ҫڻ΢еǿġ
ҲҪڡ
һԵһĻʱе㼱ˣŮͲסӣǾ֣۾۰Ͱ͵ǴģǿòЩݸ
״Ҳ̲סһЦһӣһᣬȻոͻȻһԪɢȥ
ǺǣСŮҾ̫幬ɣӦûһЩ֪ɷҾ̫幬һӣλ̫幬ǰһɫεص
һʼǿᣬۼҪߣʵЩ̲סͻȻ֡
Ҳһ£ɵؿֶ
ҪȥڣһĻȴЩˣæ
һֱǳǰȻһ͵գ΢ЦС׷Ǻ£ʱ̫˷еܣʵ̫ǵǾ̫幬һܿǿʱټ棬²˵Ŷ
ৡ
ֻһδµŮﾭסֻһ˲øһ㣬СʹĲһȻޱȵľᡣ
һԵֶû˵ʲôܹλ̫幬ǿ˿ҲͦϲģȻҲûлĶ˵ʲôһѡ
ȻǱǰǷݺݵػͷչ̵ڳ˺ܾú¶ĵص˵ͷصҼ̫幬ĻҴҲܼô
վԵտԲɵεͷ
ȻԡͷĿȻҲӹһĨϲҪ󵱼һӦ£տ츳ۣܹУ㹻
ֶ磬ҾͲȥˣȥ̫幬תͷضֶ˵
ţͺˣúǲߣɱǰ˰ֶ΢΢һЦԴ
š
ᱻֶĻô۾Щ죬ǲᣬȻֶǺ˺ܶսʱʱıСףȴܹо˶ĵĶԴ
ûô꣬պԸҪʱҪǿޱӣûġСǸܰģΨϤ˲ܴſϷһЩ͡
С˿ĻȻѾϰߣҴЩܸͬܵһֹģصص˵ͷ
˵䣬ϵѡϣΪܹһѡӵɣȻռ˲ٵĺôһǳЦݡ
ѡϺߴ󳬼ǿų֣ʱӿһȹǽɽ֮ϵЩԸţعϷ֡
ֶǱɽҲ̲סһЦݺݵһתͷĿԾĵشңԶĵط
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ԽԽĻҺעӡҲڷɶӴ֮ϲűĺɫۣһɲԾɢ
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Ӵʱƽ̨֮ϣҲʱһЩȻǱֶֶⷬ㵡

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ƽ̨ϵЩĵӼһĻɫ仯Ȼϳͯʩչѧ
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ϯΧĿýμæˣһƽ̨˸𣬵ʴ硣
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ˣֱֶҲ̧ͷԶͯһȭͯʦ֣ã


ʮ 
ͯˡ
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ͯʵȻĵӶ⣬״֮ҲЩˣЩĵڼֽʱ޲ĵľ㵡
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û취˭ô߾ô̬̰ɣֻҪʱһ˽߾ɹǻĵȻܹضһ
ѡ
һƬƬ˽ƽ̨֮ϴЩĵٶֶĿ⣬ûζȡ֮һ֮ɫֶ˵ֻӣʵȴԻӡ
ʱͯɫ粻ı仯һºڻȻ̾һֶԪΪȻֻԪͬǿľԺԪǿҸõͯļµĻֶǿǰһȭףֶĴɱĻ壬ҲԲֻǱǱ
ֶʦܣʵӹඥֵ㣬޻˵ֶͯһȭ
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һЦݣֶȴ̲סƲƲ죬ϼһȻ͵ˣֻ¶棬ԼֽЩ鷳
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СɣɣԲ
⳾棬ӦñǴɵĵزٽһܹﵽԲƲ֮塣
ԪԪϢ纣ۻ̶ȣԶɱȣӵżΪֲһ˵ֻҪֻ̤ҪԪܵشصƣܹ
𽥰磬׹ǻˣһʵִԲǸܹ֫ĳ̶ֳ˵Ʋ֮壡
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ǰһ꣬Ŀõܹо˳üĿصһصõףǰ֮꣬бȻһͷǣƽʱأһĽ䴥ػ¶
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΢΢һЦջشֲڵĴ֣Ȼһֱӳƽ̨ǰĵ֮С
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ĵͺֶҲһ΢΢ͷżһƽ̨αӳֱڶĽĿ֮У֮ӿĵ֮У


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Ҳֶּ֪ܼʱ䡭
ţ˿񱩣һ壬ػѾ߻ΣգȥõӹඥˣӦǷʦְɣڵмʱء
ֶǰʵӦҲ̣Ҳܼɡ
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ȻȺô
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ǵ޴Ԫƥ𵤺ӣ̼Ƿ˷ӿţһɫУҲѸٵڵӱ֮ϳΡ
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ˣ
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ֶһѽӹɫƬҲϻ΢ۻԪǽ御ֱǻΪһ⣬ԥسת֮С
ֶʱҲǳ֣ΪԪХֱǽо֣תٶȱ仺Ǳǿ

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ͨʦֿǽ߾˵ľţҵûָЦ
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ʧЦȻҡҡͷĿҲͶɢŽͨȻôߣǾСһּܹɡ
˴˶٣Ž૵漣ĻǾòĵЩ̫ƽˣƺҲеˡ


ʮ ֮
ڰͨһɫسӣǵ
ݣ
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ô
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ֲЩϤֶһԪ֮󣬲֮ҲǶһЩֽɫôڿͬһֻ֣ЩڵеûκεʶҲκ˵ƿء
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ˣ
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⽫ֶҲǲԥһӶֱǳͨӽӵĽ֮С
ͣ
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ۼһ֣ѹʱɢȥֶܹܣǴڵֻȴûʲô࣬ŨĽ⣬ںӵӿԼʮɷΧڽ֮⣬Ũĺڰش
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⣬Ҳ컯ıֶ̬֮˿ɣѧ£壬Կ壡
ӵǿֶҪ񱩵ƺҲûгеǰѡ
ͣ
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ֶ˫΢ⵤʮɷΧĽɫȦȦ֮ڣŨ˿ֶǵĿ⣬Եø̰
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ѹԽԽǿ˰
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ڵֶǳЩĺôȻ׵ķЩ𽥼ǿѹҪһ£壬ܷȫס
ɣ
ֶӡãһȦڶֱӶһɲǣ֮ȻӶ

֮ĳ֣ƬͷĽɫȦʱңһɹɽɫˮһ־˵ٶȣĹעֶĵĺڶ
˰עֶϣҲ𽥵ŵĽ⣬ԶԶȥׯϡ
Ϣ֮ͬ£ʼǣ


ʮ 
ڰĵ֮ףһŽƣԵøҫֻۣſѹĺӵ֮УȴΨŽɫ֮ʱʱըѶĽɫݣϸ΢֮
ʮӴŨ֮УԼܹһӰճһˮԴԴϵضǵӰڹעȥϸ΢Ļ֮Ȼš
ţǵӰ𽥵һɫۼףŵ⣬ֻۼ׷϶䣬ܹ֮ɫһѪζɢ
ֶⵤ֮ףǼʱ䡣
֮УѹԽԽǿ·ӵѹ𽥵ض۶һ㣬ֹѹǿ˸еһֿ־塣
𽥿ѹֶӵۼ׻壬ëУȻѪǿѹѹ˵񲢲˼󰭣ǳ־ȥֻǿѹػﵽһ൱µĳ̶ȡ
ʱֶȷеĲҪⵤ֮װȵҪĴˡ
ԽԽֲѹ컯Ҳǲ˿С
˵ѹֲʱ䣬ֶջҲ൱ƣһ˿˿壬ܹظоҲ𽥵رǿǿڶ⣬Ѫ֮У·
ǿֶ֮еԪҲۻ룬籼ںˮ㣬Хһ쳣ǿ֮Уɢֶ֫ٺ
ֶܹо̶ǿԪԵƽʮ
һ൱ֲ֣Ҳڵķ˼ɼ˴֮۶ɣССһ˿̺֮Եֵͨ˵һɹ
ȻڰԼԪڱǿʱֶģȴһķ
ֶ֮УŲٵĶλõģһöȭͷСİɫԪԪתϵۺԪ
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ȫܹյԪֶ֮ȻҲʲôãһֱǽ䰲ڵ֮ڣ׼ȴպʵơ
ֶĴˣʱȴǷ֣ÿһЩǻһЩɫԪ֮ڣú𽥵׳
ֱʣֶеľԪ֮ϾԪУ˵ֶеʶѱĨ仯õе
ңԪ֮׳󣬲ûгʲôƿص飬ֻǽսŨԭЩõĽ⣬ҲǱʵࡣ
Ԫ֮Уֶܹоһ쳣ǿĲֲԪЩ𣬵ȴܹԪ֮ƺӵ˼˾˵ɱ
ҵҪ㾿Ҫʲô
ֶעԪ֮ҲӵʯԼڵ֮⻹Ǭڣǲţⶫܹڸʲô

ʱ䣬ڼžĵ֮Ϣţתۼ䣬ʱȥ
У֮ɼžǵ֮⣬ȴ˶üΪ
ǵ̨ϣĻĵӴӵţΧϵһЩƽ̨ҲվŲˣ˵ǵĿ⣬ȴǲԼͬͬһǱѾΪش֮
ǵĿ⣬ž죬ΪֶѾڵ֮׼ʱ䣬˿ûƺӶļ󡭡
ʱ䣬ĵĵӶʲôĵĴ״֮һķƣȥڽܵӹඥʱֻǼǳܲסѹƺӶڳʱѪǱ
ڣֵֶʱ䣬ǳ˵ֶͣȷƻҪǿ᣿
˵ĻǻĵƺҪһˣˣŸոռĵ
ϷԼ˿ǵ˫Ŀȴ·УɫЩء
Сӵܰ˸룬֮УһĨڵϲɫο
죬ĴЩܵӹඥĵУܹˡҲһЦȻҪǣڼʱֶȻûƺӶļ˵Ȼܹ֡
ƾŹ˵ܹĸӦͨͷһ޵Ϣ
أѹһһֲļѿʱ򰡡
ǾٵȰɣֻҪСһٰʱ䣬ЦЦѾͷĳɼƽˡЦ
΢΢ͷʱ䣬̣֮ͦ׵ֶԣȴҪĴۡ
ܷȥÿԵı°

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ңõͷЩ𶯵ǣڵʱ֮УһƬƽû˿ĶǴڵǼһҲûгļ󡭡
ǰֶƺпֵܻڰ죬ǸɼһУƺֻʦӦЦЦﵽ
ѵ˵λżĵûµӣȻӵĴʦǱɣ
һˣٵɫЩݣλ˰ٳսھˣƺǺмˢӰ
ڶ˾֮£ڰڣЩ˶ڵļ󡭡
ûãǹƻ˶ǳĬΪǷ֡
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ǸһΪðٳսھԵʣһĵͻ˵ӹඥʸ񡣡Ӧ
˰ٳսھд˽ΪʲôӦЦЦ˸е֣˵
ǰǸһӦ֬޳գһҧǸһѾڵ֮˰ʱˡ
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ǼһôܸᲢۣǵһˡӦƲƲ죬
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ӦЦЦĿ΢ϸָصڽϣһΣǵƺһ൱˲õĵӰ
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ĵʦǱȻʱ̶ֶ汻ѹ
ӦЦЦӦһۣӹһĨ֮ɫһ˵ڵӹඥʱְʱ䣬ӦɫĳɼǵڵʷУҲһЩ⡣
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һҪƴһ㣬һǴеգѾȫͬһˡ
㡭ͨǰλ˴߾Ԫɱ˶Էϵĳţ˰ɣӦͻȻعص
ӦЦЦ΢΢ͷʱж̲סһĳݣȻڵںܶУ޲ǽΪ
ֻɱ϶ΪǿԪţնԷϣƵԪſڴѣڶλߵԪƽ̣Ҳǲò֡
ȻյĽ֣õޱȵķŭǷŭ֮࣬ҲһЩԺԪôǵڵĵӣֱӾնϣ
ԪڹϵǢµӸĦϣ֮У֮ͨµԵʡ
ǸֶļһôܸͨǰȣӦҧ촽
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ȻҲ֪ôһģǱȷ൱ˡ
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ͨǰţҪڳɾȣֶܹ֮׵գҲ޷Ĳ࣬١˴߾˵⻰ɡӦЦЦ
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£ҲӦÿҪнˣҲܺء
ӦЦЦƫͷĿ߻ĵڵķĿӹһĨ֮ɫͬҪһڱСƵİٳսھܹŶ͡

ΪΪֵһطĵϿգʱƷһӰܵƽ̨ϣǵĿ⣬һǱǵλǺɫд
ֶڵ֮׼˰飬֮˾֪һЩ϶ţԴΪעϾڵһһУܹһģɾӦЦЦһ˰
ȻΪؼǣڼ˰ʱֶȻûгֵļһĻõòϵĵ֮Щ㱣Ϊ
ǰƺҲֹʱ䶯ˣһɱԪţ֣ͨ
һЩһ֮ˣĿңңĵڵķҵڡѵٳһͨô


ʮһ Ԫ
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ʮһʱ䣬ԭʮɷΧӴǽֻɴС˵СɷΧеȴǱøΪճ䣬һ̵ļ
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Ͷ˸貽УȴܵѹŻֵϸ΢֣֮һӰҲǸֶ
Ӱͬɮһ㣬ڽ֮Уһɫۼףֻۼ֮ϵ⣬ǽȫۼ棬ҲЩƸ֣ȻǴﵽһּ޵ĳ̶ȡ
ۼѷ촦Щ죬ϸȥŷ֣Ǿ̵ѪҺɫ˴ĿģóʱĿాֶԣҲ൱֮ࡣ
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Ȼ˵֮˺ֶۣ˫ĿȴȻǴڽ״̬һɹ֮ϵشɢЩ񱩶ճ
ڵǳеҪЩΪֶ࣬·ҲǲһЩȽصĵط
أȤĵط䵤֮еŽɫԪ֮
ʮһʱԪ֮Ҳ֮࣬һճһɫ˿ǻתۼ
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ӦñνԪֻ֮еڵԪǿߣܹʩչǿõֶΪĴѣ֪ܹƿصĻȻΪһΪɱﵡ
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ֶעԪ֮ı仯˼ϾûдﵽԪҲδԼԪ֮˵ⶫڣȴͬԼǰָӡ
ЩԪ֮ϾֻԼԪܹ֮ʱ屻٣Ԫɴ
ȻܽЩԪ֮ΪԪ񣬵ȴܹ֮
ֶͷתЩԪ֮У̺żΪԵ֮ãֱЩ
ȻܻΪԪǱ㻯ΪԪ֮
ֶͷһԪ֮ֻЩԪǿ߷ܹ۳ֶԪ֮൱ĸģӦ㹻֧һ뷨
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ֶ֮УԪ֮ǿʼ𽥵ССԪ֮ҲԽԽճ
״̬Լյʱ䣬ŵĽɫԪֻ֮ŰƴСĽɫҺ塭

ͳͻȻֶ𣬶󣬺ɫ֮Ѹٵӿ֮ڣĽǽɫҺְУɫҺʼһ㣬һԲ״
һ൱Ƶϸ΢ֶ֮ҲǵӦ֣˵ûг̫©ųҺԪ֮Ŀ£𽥵ر״
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רע֮£Ԫ֮״Ҳǿʼ̥ؽ׵ͷſ
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һɫ֮ﻺ֣һаƴСĽֱ֣ԵŰö۳͹۳ݲֱǳһֵĻȣ䣬Ĺӿ硣
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Ȼֶĵ٣ʽ٣

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Χƽ̨ϣվӰֶ뵤֮ѾʮһʱˣϢҲڶ̶֮ڣڣһɧȻ޿ɱ⡣
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ϢĴĵɧڶӶŷҪһҲǵ»ĵ⼸ոֵҪԭ
ھ൤һƽ̨֮ϣӰ´£УγĸμȦӣĸȦλһӰȻ
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ߵӣһɫĮ˫۱أĿضԶĵӣвƣԣվɫЩεͯǰӰһֹģ
ûϢĶֵĵӹඥᶼˣһᱻһ˴ܣǶɼƳһۣ
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ӦЦЦεؿһۣ˵Ȼһ䣬Ȼת򵤺Ӵƽĺ棬ͻȻʼһ˵Ԫ
޷һˡ
ŶȻĵӣӦЦЦһڱ˿Ƣૡ


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仯Ҳ̽ΧĿⶼȥǾɲ⶯ѵֶҪ˲ɣ
һˣ˶ֱ˲ӣǵҪֶˣʮһʱ䣬Ϲʱ䣬һǺӵ׵ˡ
ֱͨӵ׵ĺɫУڴ˿Ҳ˱ѵļһ쳣񱩵ϵش
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ϿգЩǺɫУǵȻǲóֲٳֵס
һǽ֮׵ȫˡӿһĨ֮ɫ
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Ȼ֪ʹʲôֶΣܹϣҲ˵ͣε۹⣬ú׼һĵƺҲҪʼį˰΢΢һЦУҲЩȶȣϾĵ̫˰
ҲСһ￴̫ߣֻһεӹඥѣ˵̫࣬ҪһĵٶҲõ߾˵ȻĻõʱȻ޷Щ澭Ķӿ⡭һֱֶΪصʱǿøΪ峺ֶϱ̫صȻԣϾᰡ
֪룬ǣһЩ϶ᰵйעĵĵӣǻýģһ޷߾ܴģʱһЩܹǻеģϾⵤӹඥı֣ھһЩĬһ£
ȿɣвµʱ䣬㵽ǻĵˣʸȥ߾ĵӣֻͳˣֶҪʸ񣬻ԾˣĸһҲʡ͵ĵƣΪ˱֤ʦֵϣֶͨġ
Цŵ˵ͷҲް취ֶ֮Ȼᱻĵĵ֪ϾĵЩܹ꣬ӵ˳ɼˣλܶΪͨǰԺܶ˶ᰵнֶͨǰȣһɻᵼֶһ޴Ӱ֮С
˵ѹһɽֶ֮ǰ޷Խֶ֮;һּĴ
ֶԣҲ֪ǺǻֶǱǷǡǽҪԽˣ䶯
볾˵Ż䣬ǵ֮ϣԽԽңһɹɿ񱩵֮ϴ֮ͨбӿúΧƽ̨ϵһЩӶܹӦ
٣ڳ˸Ǿḻ˲úǱ˳ЩݣѵֶĽգһ˳ˣ
һƽ̨ϣͳĴ״ӣҲĿһĻرλΪƵӣüͷ΢΢ƲƲ죬Ȼˢӣɹ˴˴٣ҲԪѡ
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ȫˡɽϵӦЦЦ޳գص
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߰ɣٿˣĵ˸ӣҪ߾ɻϣʱܳɹɣҡҲʶһ£ǵĴ澭֮ǿĴ߾ܹŶôİԵ
ӦЦЦӯתû˿ĳٻΪһâԶȥӦɺҲǽϡ
ӦЦЦԶȥʱϵֶ·Ҳ΢΢ƫͷǸ˫ĿУһΣƺ˹ע˰Ҳãӣʵġ
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Цеضֶеϲ֮ɫβסһ£ĳɾͣ˵ǳȴӵŽ״ӵʸ񡣡

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ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҫ⹦ͱڻʯȻĻ֪֮Ҳǲܽɹ
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ھʯ⣬Ųٽһʯ̨ʯ̨ϣŻĵһ˿˿ŴӻʯɢĻľ
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һĻõֶ˼߿ʯΧĵ棬ѣһֻ֮С
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ֶϸһĨϸ΢Цݣٶתšľ֮ȻɣȻ̧ţŻʯȥ
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ֶΪǰʯݶʱʯϣͻȻŰɫĹâӿâ䶯ĻۣΪһɫʯӹֶ

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ֽĻľע£֮ڣɫۣȻһ۳һöԼȭͷСĻɫ壡
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ɫʯѹǴʯ֮϶


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ɫʯشڹĤ֮У֮䣬Զޣһɾ˵ɷ޵ɢڿУ˱ѹ֡
ʯΪĸߴ󣬱ֶ֮ǰѧмЩʯҪӴ֣ʯ֮ӵеֲҲǰЩʯδ߱ġ
ʯӵһּΪǿѧĳ̶ֳ˵ǻĵ˴߾֮ǿѧϹ˫ָ󣬻Ұ˫ͫʯķ򣬵ص
ѧԲѰӿУĻĵѧҲΨλ״ǵһʯѧ֣ȴлδܹɹ
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ɫʯ֮ǰֶ˫ĿգԪڴ˿̱𽥵ѹ
ԶϹǰһĻϵĸɫҲ𽥵رȷ⡰ۡȴΪһʧܣ˫ʧ۲ν
ֶջѡӵŲСյѧͬеϣ뵱ͨǼһﶼãǷˡۡתȥ塱
˵ѧûȷĸߵ֣֮Ϲȴ֪߼űϵĲ𣬴ܹǿ壬ǿս⡰ۡȴǼΪɱ¾֮УҪɱȻǺ߸ʤһ
ȻⲢ˵ͨ츳У⡰ۡԲʣӣѡҲǲ˵ϡ
ܷɹͿĻԵɣİɣǻĵѵóһܹǼһȵˣϷǲῴģġϹ˶ֶӰƬ̺һ̾૵
ֶ֪൱Ŀأѧб˸һϹӣϼһҲǻᱩߵġ
£ϹҲϯضܹо˿̵ֶȻ˿ȴһ蹬ɢʯ֮ϵĺɫ۾
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ϹֻǴԵĸӦһ£ǽֶľΪޱ̽˳Ҳ΢΢ͷֶԪԼֻǵóĻͬв̫ĳɫַһĻǼΪˡ
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֮ϣһƽһȥƽԭӵ߾ͷһߣ·һ
һç֮ЯŹϲɣζؼţԶ֮ء
ֶվڴϣأһСĸоȻĸоȫ޿ɶ

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񽻷棬һ·磬ǻһЩǱӡ䲻պ
ѹеСֶҲһ˳ȥĵϣֲã֮·ҲǴӽƴ͸֮ڡ
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ҲڴʱƬͻȻҵĲһۿɼƬͷĴϲһ㣬ɿɢ
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ֶͫ΢ѿԨĵط䣬ǺڰУһӴӰڷ
ֶĿضԨһɲǣͫȻһ
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۳ֱ£״̬֪ΪΣڼֻ۾ʱֶĺëڴ˿̵
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ֶſ˫ۣִӹһâǺĶͷ֮
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ĹĤе޴ʯУһŰգǹĤ֮ţЩ
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žԼСյʱǲԶʯ֮ǰֶͻȻһ£Ǻɫʯ棬ȻҲ΢Ĺâɢ
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ɽǻĵڵλã˵Ⱥ֮ףÿһ»ĵ±ȣҲǽɽ֮ϾС
±ǵĵΪһֻ˵Ҳÿ¼һµӵ״Դӵǿʵ
ÿ±ϣһЩļӳɹĽΪĵӣȻ±ÿ¶һΣÿһΣһΪֵʱ̣ΪҲֻһ죬Щӣʸ
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˵˺㳡ȴûκε֮ĵӣڹ㳡ϣֳĬƣƬصԪЩҲļ
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˵Ļ֮ǰǵȰеЦˡƽص
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΢ԵһƢԣҲǿУҲŵ㣬ʦǿǺֶܿġЦЦ
ִ֪磬ܹڵӹඥʱֵһҶ˵ˣҪһЩأȻǲԸ֣ǾɡƵص
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״üͷ΢һ£ȴûֹֻĿ⣬ȴ̲סͶѧڵɽ塣
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ȻƬոʱһٵƷȻԶ쳹һϤϢҲǴ
ڻôûʧ
̧ͷĿԶգҲһĨϷЦݡ


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ǵӰ̤ҲĿע£㳡룬Ź㳡ǰĳ棬˹˹֣ЩǸصˡ
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ֶʦܣһΪҪܶսءһ̨ϣƻվĿӸµŹ㳡ڵֶЦ
ʦֵսֶҵֶ΢΢һЦ

һЦżһʯ̨αӥӳֱǳֶǰһӣһԪϯòٵһľ̾
ԽӶԪѹȣֶҲǸһĨЦݣԪôȻǿ
ʱĹ㳡Χֶ֮󣬱ŲٵĿϣȻʱǰߵȻǴ˾֪Ī˵ĵĵӶֶ֪һȴ࣬οյŻĵӴļӡ
λֶʦô˵ŵĵһأȻ͸뽯ʦ״ӱȶˡ
ң֪ʲô˵ֶʦֿǰٳսĹھأܾԪŵ룬Ͷǵڣı£ɲѰ״ӿɱȵġ
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ƵһЦȻһԪڴ˿̺ޱĴϯѴ⣬ʩչȫٶȽֶܣףڵҪΪ״ӣлʸ

ѹȣֶҲӿһĨأһǻĵ״֮һǵս˿ݲС
һȶƵɫһĮǣҲȷû˿Ĵ㣬һգԪۣΪһĽɫ󵶣һɾ˵ɢ
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۶ɣȻһ̤һӰԭظ֣䱾壬ȴǻΪһߣһ־˵ٶȣֱֶȥ
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Ӱӳֶ֮ϣⶸȻڣ䣬·Ϊһͷ֮Ӱ൱ˡ
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Ժ䱬ɽĿӶ£ֱǺݺݵƥĻɫâײһ
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˵֮ϴ֮ģͬ쫷ơ
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ݣ
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ֶȭͷ̺֮Ҳͬһݣףֶ壬ǿֵز

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Ҳֶһȭ֮ʱҲ˲ƶϣĽֶ
һﻹд󣬱סҪѿɲףڽʱ䣬ǳ˽ƵĹˡͳ˼һĻüͷʱһڻĵѧָƵȻ֪ɻľ۶ɵĻжôѲ
ֶʦܣ֮࣡
ƴʱϣҲһĨȣ΢˶֮ϣĲƶһ˿˿ƣӶͬʱҲżΪ˵Ĳɢ
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֮УֶҲ֪ѲеδţŽǵȸƷ磬һ֮УȭͷСĻ֣Ҳڴ˿̾ҵĲһɹɰĻľ˳žХ
ľӿȻ˶Ǽֶٶ̧һ˶ֻۣһΣϵȴǹɢһ˿˿ƣϡ
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ͣ
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ҲڻѵɲǣƷҲȻֹڶĿ֮£ֶǻΪɫȭݺײһ
飡
ڴ˿ʵһϯ棬˲䱬ѳһ޴ѷ죬ʯ裬ӰȫĿеڵʮΣŽЩĵ
޻ڵӲƴ˾Ȼ˭δֵֵĺô
㳡֮ϣЩ˶ƽϢ쳣׺Ľ棬˽Ǳʱ˶ǵһͳˣɫЩݣȻû뵽ֶȻ뽯ƴ൱
˵лδǿʽϾԪΪϣԽֶΰ
ʯϣһĻҲ
ٳսھ鴫
Ƶӣʱ˿ѱس׵ȡ˵֮ǰֶӵĻڣȴǿʼĽΪͬȼĶ֡
ֶ촽գֱ˸ţϵػֱ֮еľоǰһӲƾ컯ǿ壬ػơ
ܹһУұͬΪ״ӣ
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ȭ
ڼӡʱͳˣʯϵĳɫҲȻһ䣬Ȼϳ˽Ƽʩչѧ
Ĵѧ֮һô
ֶһͬʶʯϵѧȻҲϳ˽ǵӡɫҲ𽥵ӿһĨ֮ɫ޳ָԼüļ䣬Ļâʼ˸
ʯϣģһ㶣뵽ʲô˲ӿŨŨţеɬ˻ƵԾشд
òǡ


ʮ ֮
㳡֮ϣֶ˫Ŀ΢գŽƽǵ쳣׺Ĺƣɫȴ൱ƽҲûرǿĲӿ֣ǰģõòЩüһɲ򵥰ͬΪԪǿߣûǿֶεĻ¶ѽ
˽ʱֶüĴĻߣȴŨʲôǻ֮еһ㡣
䣡
ֶصļžȣǴȴǼ˵֣һ˾˵ԪŻľԴԴϵشڱӿǵƣΪˡ
âӽƵ֮ڶ𽥵ۣԼ䣬·ǰ۳һԼҵĻɫǳ
ǳ״򣬱ӿݣʯ㲻ģȴǵһռ䶼ǳŤĿ²
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ʯϣЩɳƵûг׵˵ĿָüĴֶٵرš
ӦòܰɡѧͨʦֶûɹİĬʦΪ˫۶ϹˡͬЩɬָɬ֮࣬ŨŨţţǳ֮ǰڼֶĵӹඥɼʱҪŨҡ
Ĭһ£ֻҡҡͷ̶ֶܹʱ㽫ѧյĻҲֻ˵һʵ̫̬ˡ
ѧȻǿ󣬲Ҳű׶ֶ֮ѧ˻Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
óĻҲǵͷųֶӹһĨ֮ɫѧǿȴ˵һǧ˰ٵĺ
ֶʦܣһȭӵ״֮£ҽƱ㲻˵ϻ
㳡֮ϣ徹ڻâİ𽥵գĿضԶֶȵ
ǰСĻɫǳһɹɼ˸͵Ĳ籩һϯ˵ǿ
ȻŽƵȣֶȴȻǲԲֻüĴĻߣȴڴ˿Ѹٵ䶯Լ䣬·һϸ΢ĻߴŶصɷ֮ӶӶȥĵطֶ˫ۡ
ˣ
һϸ΢Ļ߼ֶ˫ʱͻȻº͵İâֱ֣ӽһնȥ
ʱֶܹü֮еĻܹһöʯţİâɢ
ǹʯ·һƬŹɷĻ룬һöζĻɫ򣬰š
֮УŹѪ˿һֹϵɷУÿɷҪӿʱϷĹʯǻᵴһȦâѹ˿á
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ҲڴʱһͻȻɢѹŻɫʯâ
ʯѹһɣǻɫ֮УѪ˿ʱ׷ɷױ
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״һǣĪһŵǾȻûʲôֶ嶼̲סر
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Ҳڻ۳ֵһ̣ʯϵĳˣɫǾ䣬Ȼվ𾪵ʧۣ
ݣ
ʱһ׳Ļɫֶ֮бӶȻϢӹգǻɫǳײһ
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ײɲǣû˿ľ֮ɫֱһִݿٶȣǳǳ֮ϣƱ鲼ֱе𾪵ĿУѶ
ױһȭȻ׵رƽˡ
ͬĿɿڴһĻȻʲôĺëͻȻڴ˿̵ͫУһɫһ־˵ٶȣӶ
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ݣ
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һŨΣ֮Уͷ
ʯϣɫأһǹʧȥսǱˡ


ʮ λ״
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貵Ľɫ޶ܣڻɫֱһ־˵ٶȱԵԪǿȫķ·ڴ˿̻Ϊֽһ㡣
֮ϣҲڴ˿̷ɿӿϾ֮ɫܹΪĵĴ״֮һҲǷ֮ΣͷҲǵϣһڼѵĽɫ֮ϣǹɷαˡ
ৣ
Ҳڽα˵ɲǣɫǳ׵Ľܶһһּ˾˵ٶȣֱ佯ơ
أ
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ķȻû̫ãɫȥòˣ̺ƻȴǴﵽһ൱ֲĵزˣЩĻľδǵɫ˿
㳡⣬ǳ׵ɧԭĵӣȻվӣĿɿڴգۼüǱĽƣһʱ䣬ÿһ˵϶Ǳһųš
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ԭΪơȭһȻս֣˭δϵֶ˽׺һһ߱Ƶ
ȻɽͳƣҲ㶵һĻһۣǴӶԷпһĨ𺳡
ৣ
ʱĽƣѲû˼ɽ֮ϵĻȻĿ⣬ǵͬƹ֮׷ĻɫһŨΣոоë̲סص
׷ˣ
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ͣ
ɫسԪ֮У˶Ǽ֮УʱıžĿ񱩲
΢֮з񴳶ɫ˫ģֱؽɢȥеɢȥеǵɫҲȻʧ
ڳ潫ɫʱǽҲ˵棬̧ͷԻһ˿ļ¡
ʱɽϣҲһƬžһĿͻȻֵĳϣǰһĭΪĵĵӣȻǺһֵӼĽ֣Ǹײ֣ǡķչЩǵƿء
ͳһĻͷҲ΢Щ𶯡
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ĵѧȻԴ߾ΪԵǿᣬ߾֮£νĴѧĴѧ֮УԻЩ˵ĵû˽ɹЩ඼ǻĵһڵ֮Уȴ˴ﵽһ
£ֶȻǽɱΪ׺Ļɹܲõ˸е𺳣ҡǿǺֶѧֻǶ̶ʱѡ
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ȻɫɬȻҲֶ֪ܹﵽһ츳֮ҲΪʯ֮۰Եа죬˸ѳ׵ƿأӵʯֶȴܹȫȫĽѹ
Ŀ⣬·ֶϣʱüĴĻۣҲǿʼȻΪһʧ
ڻʧʱֶҲӹһ˿԰֮ɫ۵ɱԼԪģǳϣǰһǳֵĻ½ҲǵһЩˣȻ뿴ģǻĵԶսֶԵкҲǵ
ǰʩչѧȷǻۡ
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һǳĬһ£·ڽƽϢеһ㡣
ĬֶҲ֪ۡڳǶԣҲżΪС𶯡
ʯϣҲǰЦһҲһЩϲӿţֳֶ츳ԽãǶǻĵԺôԽ󣬱ϾǻĵǺöûٳĵˡ
֮·׷󼫶˵ɱպ޷ƿأʦֵд価ʩչ⣬ѧ֮ʴ֮ǹؼʱ̣ĪҪҶá𽥵ػعɫصص
ǣܽˡ
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䣡
ͳ˱ʾûʱ㳡֮ϣҲǶȻɽĻĵĿȵŹ㳡֮еһӰ֮ϣһĨη֮ɫӿ֡
յһսֶǳ׵׵еĻĵӣӴԺҲΪĵʷٶȽΪ״ӵˣ


ʮ ̸
ֶ뽯ƵıȶĻĵҲٶȶһλ״ӣǴҲǻڵһЩСɧϾЩɻûλӣܹڸոռڲһµʱУǳɹĳΪһ֮е״ӡ
ֶΪĵλ״ʱҲǻӶ˱Ǽʯ̨֮࣬ڶ𣬰Ԫֱٶȹһƽʯ̨
Ժÿ±ʱֶר֮һݵԴֶҲδڵĿһƽ̨֮ϡ
ǺǣֶʦܣϲˡͳȻϣ˿ҲǸһĨЦݣֶЦ
ƣҲǳֶ΢΢ͷ˵֮ǰлΪԵʣЩֶĻȴǽ̬׵ĨȥǰһսֶչֳľսǣҲ˿С
Ժλʦֶա
ͳ˵ЦݣֶҲûԼĺƣԺڻĵ൱ʱ䣬Ȼ߰ʦֵܼĹϵھ˰ٳսֶ֮թ֮󣬶ڻĵ֮ȶԵķΧеҲΪĻϲϾϣûϲʱ̶Ǵ֮С
ֶϵĺЦݣͳҲЦŵ˵ͷ̲סЩ֮̾ǰֶоõǰ߹̺ϣڰٳսĲпᣬҲţֶܹƾŵͼĳֵطһɱеĸϸ˵Ǹе𺳡
СʦܣǱǷѹֳʦ˿ء˶һۣǴӶԷп˼
ֶͳ˴кʯ̨֮£̧ͷʯ̨ĸ߶ȣܹõɽҰǺѹѹ˺ĵӣΧֻϵĿ⣬ŨŨľη
ʯϣٶһӣ±ȼЩԣȻûǰֶ뽯ǰͻ𱩣ӴԵʣǰ㳡棬Ҳ൱ֺ롣
ĵӣԼ࣬ЩӣҲʱ޿̵ĲΪĻĵӣΪֻгΪĻĵӣӵŽĵȺɽʸҲӵĵѧʸ
ԣÿһµ±ȣŲټí˾ͼԼʵٷ֮һٶʮչֳܹΣΪĻĵӡ
ĵ˴ε±ȣ˽һյʱ䣬ĳɼҲõóΪ⣬֮У˴Źӱ߱˽ĵӵʸͬʱҲûĵʵٶǿһ˿
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ֶҲʯ̨֮վһĪȥӰǳԡ
СӣյǱֵòЦеĽֶţЦ
٣ʦˣ۵ѣҲû׵ɹֻǳաֶЦŵ˵ǻĵݵλߣǰֶȴûйڵľ
Сӡ
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º󡭡
ֶһ£ӿһĨ֮ɫףȻڵڻĵͷҲͽӴ֮иǿƣҪĵ֮ӱ߾ȴǱɹȻĻЩ澭ĶʱȻҲǻԵüΪš
ߣҲΪʱķͷܶˣĵĵӣҪڴ߱һ죬ֶܹ߾ؽᳬԽĴ״ӣԴﵽΪĵĵز
Ȼǲ򲻳ɹĻһЩ֮ǰı̫ҫۣλеڵӵżߵλ˵ƣˣ߾ʧܵĻ»ŲٻĵӰʧ
֮ǰЩɼ߾ȣǲֵһᡭ
ֶеĿ⣬΢΢죬֪䣬ļϣƺǱ˲ٵΰ
һᾡȫġֶ
ڴ߱󲻾ãǵˣǻĵʲôɼ͵ÿˡЦ
λӦЦЦʦ㣬ʵΣֶգգ۾ͻȻʵ
ЦЦһ츳ǿӣӦڳھŴٰɡͣӦЦЦ츳Ҳ൱Ĵѡ
ھŴ١ֶͷ΢𣬹Ȼʦ㣬ʵ¶˰ɡ
λ˵̫幬ƺЩĹϵֶͷΪλӦЦЦʦʵʱǰͻȻٶȵ

ֶһ㶣̧ͷԹŹֵɫҲǸеƤһ죬Цһȴǲ֪ѵҪ˵˹Ӹռˣ⻰һȥ²ʱ䣬ǻɱϵ鷳
С۹⵹ǺܲǶһ֮еķЦЦӶѹһͷЩ겻֪жٳɵ׷ͼ˴ģȴ񡣡
ֶļϵЦɫ¾ԵеѡĿսԣͣҿ㣬ܰߣ̫幬ˣɫԻܾʵġ
ֶηЦҲ̫һЩԼ֮Ĳ࣬ǾЩ׷𣬵ȻŲСĲֲֻܹ࣬࣬ۼǵΡ
ЩŬûгɹڵҲǵǸΨ۵ꡣ
һڱĿֶƫͷңԶķɫҫϣճһĨ͵Ļȣʱ򶼶ɹˣڿûɡ
Һڴһεļ桭


ʮ 
±ȵĻĻĵٶȻְָֻڰУڶĻĵӿǶһЩ̸ʣ̸ʣȻ벻±ȵ죬ֶ뽯Ƶһ˶ǵĽ֡
ֶۡɹϢҲѸٵⲻ𺳣ٻĵӶǰզ࣬Ϊֶ츳۲ѡ
ҲΪ±ȵ뽯ƵһսֶҲǳ׵ڻĵס˽ţλ״ӵݣڻĵ֮еλҲˮǴߣƽڶĵϵˣĹһʦ֡
˵ִֶĵײǼ⣬ĪЩֶһͬĵĵӶȴһĺ£ĵ֮У˵ƽܹͣԼϵ֣֮Щ¼ӣλͣΪûκεпƽһЩϣȻҪһЩƵӡ
һΣֶĽΪ״ӣЩӣҲӵ˿ɽֶͷĵЩƵӣҲҹڵĵѣӶҲĪܵ谭ࡣ
ֶδ䣬󣬵ȻĻ˲ٵĵӣ䣬һַΪ׵ϵļ
Ȼֶּδ⣬żҲֻһЦ֮ûɵ뷨ĪѣһӴ߳һЩ鷳ȻҲԹۡ
ֶ״ݵöҲǿʼʽĳΪĵĵӣǿԿʼΪĵӵ
±֮һʱУֶ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ǳûѧ֮УȻʱûгĽѧҲ뷨ÿǰѧڻʯ֮ǰջľľ֮⣬һֱۡѧ֮ǰ
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ĵȻûԶսʱǰʱҪĵ׼ѪƴֶеҲֶľƽͣԶս֮еĺҲƽ£Ȼ


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Сӵϵûʱ䣬ȻĬʦֶˣҶ׼ʱȥ㡭ֶ߳Ҳ̲סһЦЦ
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ŮλֶһʱǸһԲѣΪǵ۵Ӧ


ʮһ 
Ϊߣҫƽ̨ǽϸ޳ŮϣȥΪҫۡ
ںڵĳŮβ֫βһ㻡ȣһഺȻſΧһЩ˾ǰһ
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Сһǻĵ÷зֶɣʱ䣬Ϊ״ӣٶȣЩƼ¼˰׷߶ֶЦ
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ֶıϣȻҲѰ֮ӿӭķѹ䱳ϣǸܲ硣
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ԣֶʱЩЦãӦһΪǣǾ˵ϸһԲѡ
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ʮ Ѫҵ
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˵ţҲֱתӳӦֶҲ̽ϡ
ֶʧƬʱԶһɽȴһ˫Ŀ𽥵ʧȥ


ʮ Ԫ
ƬѪҵ֮ΪһפĵԼŰٶȻѪҵֵط˵࣬ǵͷƽҲв۵˻Ҵǵ⡣
ĿϿգʮӰӶǰλõԪҲ;Ϊֶ˽һƬǵеĿ
գֶĿҲǲϵɨΧ˵ķҲɭϣʱʱ԰ӹĹ۲ſܵĶ
ƬԶԶĳֶԤϣʱҲֹԪʯȴС׶㲻ϡ
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ʯǰһƬɭ֣ɭ֮оҶζʱ趯һƬ𺣡
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ޣֶԪʵ
ԳѪҵصһֵޣΪѲһ֣ǳȺӣҸʵ׺ŲʮͷҪѪƴܽǸߣĵҲ˲ءԪصص
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Ԫɭ֮бʱһŭвűĺ쳹𣬶ֻƷʮӰЯı֮һſž֮ϣɺĿ⣬ݺݵؽеӦš
ֶʱҲǿЩԳģԼɣͨ죬ȥ类һ㾧ʯţһ񱩵ϵϯ
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Ӧ״΢ƣɢȥǰңתһȵֶͷʱǸ⣬Сһֱǰװ

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ӦϲޱȵضǺɫľ̲סҪ߹ȥȻ̤ɲǣһԵֶɫȴǶȻ䣬һץס⻬αˡ
أ
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ֶӦһŴϣȻĿǳﴦһͷְͨɫʵľԳɷ֮ͬ籩һ㣬ϯ
Գ
ӦڼͷɫǰЩȻͬĴһʱҲ΢΢һ䡣


ʮ Գ
ɭзʱֶ˵Ŀ⣬Ǵ͸ǰԶȻϡ
Ǿ޴Ӱ֮ǰĻԳЩƣֻȴǸΪӴͨɫҲǸΪԶԶȥһʵĻ쾧һ㣬ңͷԳɺ˫ĿУĽթ׺֮ɫӿţһۿȥ֪ӵŲ͵ǡ
Գô
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û뵽ԳˡһѪҵҲһЩֻɽûϵξȻˡԪ΢ųȻȻ
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Ķȷֵģ
УǻԳ˶ǰݺݵһȣ罫ɢɺ˫ĿֶˣоǷɷı֮
ֵزԳȻѲ࣬Ѫ㲻ùھĻӵ˻Ϊ֮
ЦƬҵУĶʲôʱֵȾָˣԳʶȤĻ㾡ЩඹɽȥȻʱҵǿ߸Щ¾͵þԪЦ
٣ЩʲôûõӣҪӹԹȥƾЩëͷСӿ»ʸ񣡡Գɺ˫ĿһɭȻЦ
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Ӧ۾ҲӹһĨŭͷҲԪʵѣɻûʸǰſ񣡡
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ֶԪһҪŪ֡
ڻһ䣬Ӧӿֶ촽ᶯϸ΢ֶС
Ƕϡֶһ䣬Ԫû̫˽⡣
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Ԫ֮УһԪǹǳ죬˵ǧӴÿһιһܹǧöԪŹԪŵĵܹ֮ǿɣԪñزȱӦҧ촽Žεնڴ˿̱쳣
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Ҳұ鷳ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡һȭ˽ˣǻԳҲһЦЦгŲм볰
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Сӣ
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ص˲䣬ǻԳƶȻǣһȭؽ˶ȥһ棬ֱǱʡ
СģҪӣ
Ӧһ䣬æֶȻңͼԳ

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ͬʱֶü۵ģӦˣǵҲǶȻ


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£ֶһֱǱӶ𣬳ɭ֣ڰУĿɨӿͣԶİգ֪ʱʮӰǺ£һĿ⣬Ǹš
ৣ
·ֲӦҲѸӳֶͣԣͬҲǿǰ
ħӡڡȻЩ쵰ԪʮӰˣһҧ
ŲڶӦǸǱǿԼֶɢһңԶʱߣܹӦһЩΪϸ΢ƷһЩ΢ϢҲǿʼӶĳ֡
·ּ仹ʱʱŵڵҲ٣ϰˣֶȴ֪ԪֵϢ⿿Щˣ潫ѹ
ԪЩǲزסģʵʵİԪֽɣȻٲҪѪɺˣ
ʮӰǰһƿۣ¶һӣЦŶԪ
ףҵڵĶҲȾָԪǳ
٣ֻҪǵԪ֣ȻϴԪŻȡʹͣǱΪ׵ɭȻЦ
Ǽһħӡڵ϶ף˳׵ԪʵӦֶԵ˵
ħӡںĳԱˣͨϵ⣬ˣҲȫԪʵ
ǵϴ󡭡ƺûֶĿȺӰɨ
ţǼһ¼ΪթħӡʦڣضҲڰӦ
ֶĬĬͷ̧ͷĿԶʣһڵڷɿƬ̺ǻΪӰƬϣɵĿ⣬Ҳǿֶˡ
ΧԽԽǿߣֶͷҲĳ£⴦ǱüΪĲ


ʮ 鷳ľ
ৣ
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ֶĿЩӿնӰҲ𽥵ЩϣܹܵһЩ൱ǿѹȻЩϹˣɲʲôѰɫ
鷳ˡԪҲΪЩ𽥵رѿҧҧ
ʶЩˣֶʵ
ԪЦһôǸɫ·ļһ죬˳ʴħ֣ͨ壬Ԫʵ
ֶĿ˳ȥȻһӰӰȥԼʮңԿݣֻȴһаƣʱ˫ָĿЩɣǸš
ϱǼһݣ˳ͨԪ
תƣֶ΢΢һȻǼһŰµӣӿȥΪ˹ģӲ԰ףννȫûаķϡ
ֶȻòȡˣǰ˵һЦݣȴܹϸܵһֵѪζóһҲһݽɫ
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ֶôһҪӴȥ
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Ǻǣ˭ܸң﷢ʲôǰ̹⣬ʲô
ֶʱԶգŰ£ΪݣЦеؿԪˣʵ
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㣡Ԫɫ䣬ŭӿ
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˻һƬնʱһƬȻĿⶼɲǼӿŨṴ̃һ촽Цû뵽ﾹȻȱ
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Сӣʲôݱֶٶһ㶣һ䣬ȵ
ֶҲһӣǰΪһĻĻϣþ̻ӣǰݵˡ
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٣ͷҪˣһԪСӣȻҲǰſѵڵڽ̳ĵӣôĲ֪ߵغ񣿡ݲ԰׵ӣڴ˿ӹһĨ֮ɫҲǱɭȻ
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һֶָָ΢΢һһĨЦ
СӣܽʮУұ㲻֣
ֶݣҲǻһĨɭȡ


ٰʮ 
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ҪֱӶֱǣЩûõĶ裡
ȻһĿ£ֶϵɭȴŨݣЦ

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ݣûô׽¡
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ݳּΪĺҳּѪ棬ƼǿȻս鼫˷ḻ֮ˡ
ֶ䣬֪ҪƴԪǿ̶ȣȻǲԪݣҲûӲƴĴ㣬ʮָӳΪһɫƬǾݴײһ

𻨷Ľݴ֮Ȼۻ룬ɫƬǱѶȥ˿ֶƮ˶˳Ǵ󵶵ĹΧ
Сӣôղǹɺݾȥˣһգϲ֮ɫŨɭȻ
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ۣ֮飡


ٰʮһ ֮

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ڻؼ䣬һֻɣ֮ҲȻɢ䣬˻ٶ
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ֶü֮Ѫ߷ɿţһɷ֮ϵɢͼ˫ʴȥÿֶ˫ʱǻһİ׹ֵ
ۣ˵ǿΪ˻ҪĴҲСֶӵʯĻҲ׵ؽۡʩչֵز
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ֶüĴ֮УѪͻȻۣΪһѪ⣬ֱǺƲ֮С
䣡
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ѪӰһѪѪһɲǣ·ضǱȾѪ֮С
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ΪɱһԪСӣݾȻжʩչˡ
СҪùˣһУλԪǿ߰

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УӲðԱ߼Ҳͬеصͷ
Ӧü΢ҧһ죬Ĺݱֳг֣˵Ϊףֶʲô⣬ʵڲ֪ôͻĵĳ
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ǡ˵еĻޣӦͬЩ𶯵ȻڻĵѧҲ˽⣬ֻҲǵһοִԶ֮еĿ֮ޡ
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䣡
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ݣ
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ˣ
ײɲǣضΪ֮žѤһ˲貵̻֮У͸ŽĲ
µĲϯɽ֮ڴ˿̾ѳɷĩһЩýߣǱһѪϢήңһֵļٵˡ
ֶͬڱˣǹɢĿ¾磬Ǹеļ£ٶȻ־ɢһգӿѸٵǰΪһ޴֮ܡ

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Ҧᣬħӡϴͳưġ
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ٰʮ 
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ģӰХ£Ʒ֮ʱһƬƬؼԪ·ڴ˿̱÷

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ֶҲ΢΢ͷܹоҦϢԽԽӽǡ
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˶ʱһͣҦ֮Ĳʵ̫󣬾ƴ¶ȡ̫Ч
ΪڻʱīĻǾͼɡ
Ӧתһʯ֮£ݣǰ֣ؽںβ⿪ʱ˿к£ٲ֮»衣
ŮϯضٻӰȭͷ̲סؽ
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ֶӴȥ
ӦѸȥһˣӦҲᰴ˹ݣǶ֮У𽥵źӿ֮ҲȻĴ


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֮ϣӶ쵽ߵľͷԶԶȥһƬɫĺ
Ӧʯ֮ϣԭںڵβʱٲк£ֱϸ֫紵˿裬ŵķ㴫
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ݣ
Ʒ֮Ѹٵ˺ƬžֺԶմһӰѸٵھлЩʱͣס
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ΧĻŲˣһĻҲǷһЩЦ
ףˣ׷ϣԪ֣ϡҦĮȻؿӦһۣһӣص
Ȼո£֮ŰŮȴһЦֲңںڶĴ۾Уһ˿˿ĺâӿ
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ֶѷ𽥵ڸǣЩƣתһӦüͷҿӦòСǼ˰ɣ
ӦЦһңҲʱջضһۡ
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ȻθոӳɲǣһӰȴǿȰسǰһգһž޴ڵĹǴֳȻڹǴһɼ˳صݺݵضȥ

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ײĽ֮ʱһɾ˵ľ֮ϯ
׵ݺ׵ɫȴڴ˿ͻȻһ䣬ӹһĨŨŨľɫΪ֣׵ǺɫĹʱԪӿڴ˿̱óٻ
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Сүô֪˶ٻأԡҵĺݣǲ
ֶ̧ͷҦ¶һĨ̬ЦһţֱҦĿУö̺ǿԪԪ֣ȫС


ٰʮ ԪŹ
ࡣ
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ҦһĻȴǳûоɫЩҡҡͷ֪ĴǰûԪŹ֪һöʵ̺֮ǺεȵĿ񱩣öͬʳĪ˵㣬ң¶ˡ
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ĳʼԴԴϵعעǺڶ֮УڱɵеĿӺŻΪֶھת
ƾǬʯԼĴڣֶĽöԪŹİѹ
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ȻǹӰлδֶʱһȴֱӵʧȥ

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Ҧһգۼ䣬±Ǳֶ۾ѪһűŭŹɱ⣬֮
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飡
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ףݣһ֣Сӣ˻һ𣬷˵أҦؿֶһۣ󱩺ȵ
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𣡡
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ԶԼһЩħӡڵ˿ȥǵĿ⣬ޱȵǰϵĶš
˵ֶȻܹҦмôøеΪ⣬Ҳͬǰߵսȷ൱ϵĻ¸ȡϷ硭
СжаţҲõ˽ˡһħӡڵǿҧҧص
⻰˵Ҳǵ˵ͷǶҦʵǳ˽⣬ЩһЩͬھԪǿߣʩչħԪ塱Ҧʱ൱ĽοµֶƾһЩֶΣǿﵽһ
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䣡
Ŀӣȴû˿ķϻһɲǣȻ˺ѣҦȰ಻סбӿɱ⣬źɫĵƿռ䣬һ֮£ǳֶϷ
飡
Ҧ䣬һȭʱѪâȭֱۣӻΪһѪȭӡһСɽ㣬ͷֶȥ
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飡
ֶҲǱɷ籩ף;һɽ嶥ײȥȻеǱסΡ
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ݣ
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ѪƬӹҦ壬˵һЩһЩƬķ֮ϣһѪۡ
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͵ľ磬ڻޱϯֱֶǱƬ˸żٵĹâǴĿȥ
Ӳƴ֪Ķ
Ҧ΢΢һ𣬽ϵɢֶЦ
ৣ
ֶĮȻؿһۣȴûзϻٶӳ
һĻҦֶǻ֮÷һЩʱ䣬ǰȴѰ·
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أ
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ѪʱʱĻӰҲǷֱ治˭ģ˭֪ڵˣǳ׵׵ɱۡ
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أ
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ֶڵ״ãЩѪԭۣҲǱ쳣Ĳơ
˵״ѣֶ˫ĿеȴŨ
棬Ҧ֮ͬŽѪֶۣԺһЩʩչǡħԪ塱֮ȻҲ൱֮ǿ
СӣȻŲȥˣǾҽɣ
Ҧƺ˼޵ֶҲٶȸֲ֮ɫֶһЦȻ׺ȭ磬ֱӺֶš
䣡
ȭ䣬ֶͬһȭĿֱָҦš
ֶǱ֮ǰȭ磬Ҧǳ˾ҵƴֶսȻǴΪͣȡʲôвˣֶһȭǰһֱŽҦᣬȴ΢һɡ
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Ҧֱ仯΢ɲ죬ֶ˫Ŀȴڴ˿̶Ȼ쳣֮ɫȭһ䣬ȭΪƣĴⱬһƴСĽֳ֣
ֲԵŰö۳͹䣬ͷһľķǽ֮ϣŽɫƣ֡
ֵĳ֣ʯһɲǣҦȭͷǺݺݵֶ֮ϡ
ֶݺݵزһ£ŴľʹȴϣһĨɭ˹ͷĻȡ
ˡ
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ͣ
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Ѫ䣬Ҧͫ״СǰŷɭЦӣѪմȾ棬ͻȻе紦ѡ
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쵰
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ԶһֱעսȦݵ˼״ɫʱ䣬æȥһЩħӡڵǿҲæסҦᣬڼŴѪʱͫһ¡
ɱǸһѾˣҦסţɫ쳣Ұ׵˻
ԣԼħӡڵǿжʱ׹˸ȻתĿ׺ݵЩվȵֶϡ
ɱ
ĿһӣȻҲԥ˲䱩ӶɱУͬ㣬ֶкȥ
ֶٶȱӶݵˣ߶еģǰΪǿ̷öԪŹĺ֢ˣҦѪսе
ڵһԪǿ߶޷ٵ
ԪǿߣȻǿ
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ȻֶոʱͻȻ֣ɶΣ͵ײһڣ΢΢ۣһͨ۾ճģС
Ӧ
㣬³ϣɱЩ쵰
ʶģ䣬ֶ·ŮǴһϸ΢ȴɱ


پʮһ 
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ڵУõֶɫһ£𽥵ƽüͷ΢壬ƺǻʲô
Ӧƺ˰ɡֶʱƺǵϤӦǵڵʱϵˡ
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ֶĬĬͷεҲ൱ŭֶξ֮ݡҲֻȻĻպڵߣ˭һ
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һԵĪҲĽڣҪײβƽ̴ˣɲʲô׵¡
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ʱ䵹ȷһֱչ㣬⻹øһ̫õϢСʦأģôչ㣬϶˲ˬġ
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ջˮĪ̯̯֣ο
Ҹûϵ
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پʮ ӦЦЦҶ
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ԪĲϹעֶϢҲһ˿˿ػָš
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ӳĻУֶܹһ˿֮⣬ҲûйڵĽʲô΢Цŵ˵ͷ
滺ͷź룬Ŀ⿴ǰ꣬еĨ֮ɫȴԽԽŨ
߰ɣƽ̴Ҫ㡣һЦЦ
ֶ˵ͷ״볾һۣҲͲٶ˵תӳǰϡ
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ڼɽ֮ʱֶһɨȻǶɽ͹ʯϣĻߡ
λûκεԪԶԶȥͬĺһ㣬ȻڼʱٶȶǷŻ
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˵˵ͷȻֶɽѸȥ
λǵڵĳϣʵǿٽһ˵ñܹ̤ˡڶɽȥʱֶԵ

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ʵڵЩ޷ֶʵȻܹǿߵĻ֮£ʵﵽԪҦ˳
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һԣӣҲڴ˿ǰһݵϸһĨЦݣֻЦȻֶǴУһϸ΢Ľ⡣
˵ֶʦܵһȻԲ١
΢ЦŶֶһֻƣΪǶȵԵʣƺе㸩ֶȻЦصҶ÷


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صҶ
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֮Уǽ̻ԻֶͣڣǼһ쵽ͷʯССԣ峺̶ˮ棬żˮ沨·ʲôӹ
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СһΪǵڣһ󹦡
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ʱܲһŮȥԣʵҲһʱͷԷȡ
ѹе𶯣λ·ռ䶼ԿĵƽǰֶҲûйǼΪʵϵ˵
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һ仰ֶʱͫףȻ


پʮ 

ĸһֶܹоһӿ󲨼ȫÿһλһɲǣҲǽıܵ˴̼Σյޡ
ԴӻԺֶСؼʱ̾׵ؽ䶯ãΪջջһЩǿ߶̰֮⡣
֪ǰλƽ̾βӵⲢ˿תǧͷ
н֮࣬һ˿ϸ΢ңáܣʯûб֡
˵ʯһֱ㲻ʲôãƾֱָоʯҪԣĳ̶ֳȶԣҪǿ
ƽ̣Ӧӣжǿ֮һֶõһЩϢǰû뵽˽ɻǱһЩܡ
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ֶʱǵƽӦȴ΢΢һЦ纣˫Ŀ翴ֶ˿̵һ㡣
ֶԴֳֻܱĬЩ飬ɲݽ
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ֶЩֺ嫲ã֮ʱһ˿ϸ΢ĲͻȻɢͫǶȻһ


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˿üΪͻȻϸ΢ϾǴֶڴҲڵһʱǽȻͫױЩļ
Ϊǲʯ
ֲмֹ죬׼ȷ˵һּΪԵԣֶԴӻʯԺ״֡
ʯô߱
ֶüͷ壬̧Ŀ⣬ͣǰ嫰ľޱ֮ϣΪµŶЩƣҲһƬ࣬ЩٵĿӿݣһЩϸСѷ죬ͬӶޱԣƺʲôر⡣
ֶĿ⣬ΪϸһĴʯɨԼӺ͵һʯһֲڵıϣһЩԲСڵš
ֶĿ⿴ЩСڵʱ͵زڵʯٶһɢ
ֶӹһĨ֮ɫĿĴתƣȻǷ֣ʯ֮ϣЩɫСƺ٣ֻڱ̫ӴټµʴһЩڵ·飬ֶʯзӦ¾ֶҲעЩĺڵ㡣
ֶЩСڵ㣬Ƭ̣ǰһȻһָһСڵ㡣
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ҲĿ֮£ֶָǱϵСڵ֮ϡ
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ҪǣаĶֶƺǵһοڴĿǴĹű֮еԶڣҲܵ
ֱа֮֮·֮鶼ǱĨɱ˴ڡ
ֶ촽ǸԶɣͬҲһˣƺΪδ֪аڰֻ֮ǲ֪߱ǸӦֲȴ˵ʲô
⾿ʲô
ֶǿԶɣǿӵĺͫˣѵδ֪ĺڰ֮ⶫʲô
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Ӵľ䵽߱ϣʱϸ΢ĲһɫĹâԱ֮󽫾ޱ֮ǰֶˣ֡
âֶɲǣֶ嶸ȻһǸоһ޿ɿܵǱ֮ϱӿһɲǣǿʼģǰߣҲѸٵغڰ
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ӦЦЦü΢΢ţЩʧǾ޴ʯ߱ӵżΪǿ
ţ֪ģǵںö೤ͬʱ֣û취߱תƣҲû취ʱ䣬ֻÿһʱ䣬Եӽ߶Ӧͷ
߱ᱻڵĿռ䣬һƬ޾֮أûоͷûֻлߣʲô߾
ӦһֿɣЦЦʦͨôҶ˼ص
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ϧֱȻƲǾ֣ߵУ޷򡭡ӦЦЦ̾ź
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ЦЦĿ⿴ʯ֮ǰӰֻǲ֪һΣˣǷܹ񡭡
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ӰȻǽ֮߱еֶԶŲãĻһĨβסĿЦ
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ֶ̧ͷĿɨɨһȥܹߵľͷȻǧƪһɵĻߡ
СӰأֻҪ˻ΪԶָоͷЩ

ֶһ𽥵ȻˣǱ㿴߱Ҫʲôɡ
ߣ
ֶһ죬ѡӦЦЦȴǽȻ෴̫ϲȣ㵽ʱǰװҲҪԵһԣ
ãأǰеľâҪ˺ؼĻߣȻֶԼ޷뵽һߣһ¡


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ʱ䣬ٶ˵ĵȴУȻţ֪ǰʱȥ
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ֶĿ⣬գҲգǿźڵأȻʧţͬ˵һ㣬˿
㣬ʼֶɢİ壬ɢȥɢȥʱԭڲãȻ˫Ŀȴڴ˿̣ٶ֡

һȻ̧ͷƬûоͷĲã֮أȻûˣϣȴǸһּΪɫһһٵʼ
ҡ߱㲡ˣΡ


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һĻȴδõֶ˿Ļң˫ĿضƬտأ·ܹĻһ㡣
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ʱԴ֮߱ҽֵֶĹۿɼٶȻСš
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߱ͻȻڴ˿̼ҵĲһⲨھ޴ıۣ֮󼸺ǻΪһʵʰ貹ֶ壬֡

ǵ貵ôĿĹ˴˶˲仩Ȼ˵϶ӿ֮ɫ
Ⲩڴۣ֮߱úǱ澹Ǳһ澵ӣ䣬Ǿ֮Уƺһģľ޴Ӱ֡
Ҳǵ޴ӰԱϸʱ棬ȵͫ˲ǶȻǶһۣǴӶԷпһĨ֮ɫ
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ֶǰĸϴ֣ԣ˿Ҳ̲סЩ


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ֶ˫Ŀ䣬Ҳǲػϣԭʱ̶壬ڴ˿̳׵׵ķʱô꣬Ϊʱ򡭡
Ӧżͷǳ˯ʧȥз꣬ͫУӹһĨ⣬ɽѷУ֪ǰνĶԴ磬Ҳһμ˯ɵһӡ
ָоͦõġ
Ů΢΢һЦ
ֶȻǺ޷ĳ˯ѹʱһԵӦܹоǰߵ壬·һɲٶȽеķҲȻع顣
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ҵȻԻЧҪĻһöûġӦЦ
£ҲǱŹӯӯվһĻ߾չֳ˵ͻȻ·ƽ̨ϴһɧǳü΢˳ɧԴͷȥٽţֶǼŮգͻȻü䣬һ㲻
ֶҲΪӦ仯һ£ȻĿҲת£ɧԴͷ


߰һʮ 
޴ƽ̨֮ϣǧӰʱЩӰĿȴȫͶһ򣬸Ŀ֮гž죬˽ͬ߰㣬Ѹٵƽ̨֮ӿ
۴һͨƽ̨ʯݣ˿̣ʯݵ֮ϣһӰ̤ʯݣ߹
Ӱƽ̨֮ɧԴͷ
ǡ
ֶĿ΢еǵһֻĲ߹ʯݵӰƾŹ˵ܹһŻ۵Ӱҵɢ󣬶ңעĿģһɫ󽣣Լң䣬һ־˵Խɢ
ǵӰӲӢȴΪͿֻͷµ˫ĿȴǳһֺеľǶ԰˫ۣͷ䡣
ңֶصǣӰϣܵһּŨΣζ
ǲԭͷսĶʱŻֵζ
ڵĵУӦЦЦδõֶָܣȻͻȻֵİˣȴõֶͫЩļ
˭ֶʵƺǵãڵĵĵУôһΣյ
֡Ӧҧ촽ԭõڴ˿̱Щͳ
ô£ֶ˫Ŀ΢УԴʶһμӦ顣
ӦĬһᣬǵϴҸ˵Ͻɴǵһλʦ㱻Ԫɱô
š
λʦ㡭ֵ׽㡣Ӧ£һ
ʦʱҲĵӣ˵Ƚ㶼ҪһЩҪڵһߵˡ
·ʦܵĴܴҲǱ࣬ϵʱΪ˹ȫ֣ǿѹɵķŭԼ֮ʱʦ֣Ǳ嵭ǣǳ´ָŵʧش
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Ӧ촽еѹʵЩ飬Ҳֲõġ
ֶĬĬص˵ͷӦһɵƽ̣κξ飬غȻֶûмɳ׿սʲôܹ²⣬ǱȻǾ춯أἫΪĿֲ
ͨǰԪ֣֮ӦӵĹŵӣѽǰΪӶԴ˭ǿѹڵŭʱǺεȵʹࡣ
Щ꣬ʦһֱûлعڡ
ӦֽţƫͷֶǴ۾֮УûƤŨŨĲڡˡ
ֶüͷ壬â˸Ƭ̣ͻȻΪԣ
ǵ֮󲻾õġɴӦЩɬص
ԵĵһȡɴʱĵڲӵָȨʦ֡˴λڵɴԪŸ𡭡
ֶһһ
ʦԸƫִĮǰķʽõڵ˸ΪصġӦ뵽ֽ֣ձ飬·Ҫ޳һ㣬ֶһμԸãȴЩǿŮ¶顣
ֶĬȻųΪڵӲ̫ãЩĺܶ鶼ԵλʦͻȻʱеֲĸо
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ҪȥȥòãӦֶǴ۾Уֶܹһ˿⣬λʦ֣һ¡
߰ɡ
ֶʱ˵ͷҲ޷˵ʲôͻ£ҲЩ飬Ͼһ㲻ãͻһ󳬼֮ս
ֶͷӦҲӹһ˿мȻӳֶѸٸϡ

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ĮȻľ˫ĿЩڵɨû̫Ĳٶ̧ţضԶȥ
߹ƽ̨֮ϵȺҲ̷ֿһ·һЩϵĵӣǵӰţɫӵֹһЩһżڵĵӼ״Ҫ˵ȴ̱Щʦʦɫֹס͡
ӣ·ҲûвΧǹŹֵգͨ߹κ󣬽ŲǶ£ųǰǳͤͤŮľ˫Ŀ·һâۡ
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ӶǰŮǽϣǶһ£ûЦݳ֣һ쳣ɳƵл
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ʦ֣ˣҺͽ㶼ءǿűǼӿ⣬Ӧ¶һЩǿЦݣ
ŮƬ̺󣬷ҡҡͷСͺܴӦ֪һʲôġ
ЦЦʱҲ֡
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Ӧ۾Ҳڴ˿̣ʱͨ
󷽵ֶ״Ҳ̾һȻ˳ƽ̨ǧĿע£վλӵǰ


߰һʮһ 
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ͬ㣬ҷâ¶ַâʱԷ
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ԣֵɷȻܹڵӣֶԣȴǺá
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ְ˫ĿҲǿֶƬ̺󣬷ŵĮص֮ºԻлڡ
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ҪңǱңҲֶֿ֡Ӧ
Ӧҧ촽ֶ̲סؽ

ֶһҲеΣȻڶĿע£ص˵ͷȻˣʦ֣ǣϼɡ
ֵǣһ£ֶҪ֪һº˵ֻԴûж˵ʲôĮصͷȻƿֶˣԶȥ
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ֶƫͷӦЦҲ̫ˣʦǿЦЦʦҲʡ͵ĵƣǽ֣˭ʤ˭仹˵¡
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Ӧ̾һҲֻӦЦЦܹЩľٶˣȻһúȡָȨɴ൱ѪȣȻǱѾѪˡ
ҪǣڵڵӣرЩЩϵ֮У൱֮ߵϾǰЩĵӣӦЦЦҶˣֻܸƨɺš
ߣԪŶԹٵӶԪĻԹޣ˵ƽӦл̫ɧңһõȡɴָȨֱӾͻЩԪġ
ĶԿУڵӵʵҪԪţģѰ·
ȥϢ߽㡣
ӦԵЩȻӦЦЦҲǽȣ֣ʲôʡ͵ĵưЩʱʱڵϢʱӦӶеһ㵡
ֶͷҲͲٶ˵ʲôӦҴȥӰüͷҲţ̾һԭúõĵԣȴǱ鷳

ڽļʱУֶûмӦйֻϢǿʼڵڴ⵹һЩСĶ˵һЩӶλʦֲô˽⣬ڵ֪߾ܹͨڶʱ޲һľ̾
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ڵ֮䴫÷зȣڸ߲㣬ȴǱ˳ĬڻصɺҲûȥκεĳֻǻصסɽ壬ŲȵԵ
ּ߸ԵΪֶЩΣ£Ӧ֪һЩλ㣬ΪڻڵӳˣԪΧɱѡϢˣϣȻڸ߲㣬ǶЩΡ
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ʱ䣬ַΧ֮УѸٶַ֮ڵգҲǿʼֱͣĳһʱǱǵ˶֮㡭
֨
űƶֶ̯߳˫֣ůкϣ΢˫ĿؼӿķϢգһٶʱ֮ͫУȻӿ
ԣ˰


߰һʮ Կʼ
вһƬ಻ɽɽ֮У޷Ƽ䣬ɾ
ʱЩƽʱ徲ľ޷֮ϣȴž˵ЩһԶԶɢǰ֮⣬ܹš
ԣǵÿһΪʢıԣڣǸ߲㻹ǵӣҲԴ˼Ϊӡ
ֶϵƬʱǺƺƵһĻҲ̲סֱ࣬ӶΪһ޷֮ȥ
ڵԵĵ̫Ӵ⸽ļ޷嶼żıԳأܵ˵ģֶɽ壬ĵ֮ЩӵıԣУҲԶ޷ΪĻ𱩡
ʱ޷֮ϣӰֶĿһɨȻǼĵڵǶȥ
ֶʦˣ
ֶƬĵ֮жʱһЩϲ֮һЩȵĿǾͶ䵽ֶϡ
Ļĵ֮Уֶڰɹ˴߾֮ǳԽͳЩ״ӣԴˣͳ˵ǱֵúƽûжٵļޣΪֶ߾ͣͬõҲǴĵ׵۷
һÿζҪͳ䵽ԵֶЦ
һ㡣ֶͳǸһЦ
ֶʦܣ˴εĵԣһĵܷ͵ÿˡۻЦ
ڴ˻ֶֻЦЦȻ̧ͷĿǻĵ治Զڵ򣬶ֶҲǼվΪǰͬʱҲƬΪעĿٻӰӦЦЦӦԽûߵǵΪ۵ˡ
ӦЦЦһ嵭ֻۼֶȻܹеһɫΣӦǱλʦ
һԵӦǻָֽΣ֮һЩϤ崿ЦݣԣһͦӰǵصҶʱˣЦ˵Щʲô
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ԵҶΪӦֶһƳӹһĨϲɫŶ̲סͦһЩȻֶ΢΢һЦЦУŵζ
ֶ˵ЩС鶼У̲סеЦҶƺǽеС
ֶʦܣСʦǵڿɲ֪Ŷ˫۾ţҪ֣ɵó簡ñҶЩһ˿յһԵͳˣҲͬǼԶӦҶǰߴչٺٵЦ
ֶ˽һۣһηһﾹȻҲһ棬εҡҡͷˡ
٣ô꣬ǿɻǵһμСʦչˣֶʦܣܹǵλСյ֣ǼֱǻĵضĵһҪ˷ܡصͳʱҲһЦ
ͳʦ˵öԣһĵ£ֶʦĪˡһԵĻĵӣҲһЦ
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Ӱһ֣ƬɽǼһЩȴǲûڶิӵĿ⣬ͬʱҲûпЩӣʱĿֻǵĮؿӦЦЦһۣȻ£˫Ŀ
ӦЦЦǵӰҧҧ촽ֻգ嵭˫Ŀ𽥵ӿһĨ֮ɫ
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΢䣬Ӧںڴ۾֪ΪεĿ˶ֶڵλãԳһЦӦЦЦסֵĻֶɹ˴߾ҲͬǺðɡ
ֶĿ⣬Դλʦһֺ󣬱ͣϣĸ֪УλʦֵʵӦҲǴھԪ˿ӦЦЦŨΣոоһֱͷ
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ͳҲ˳˹ȥɫЩӵĵ̾ΪĵϵˣȻҲֵ֪һЩ顣
һԵĽƣƵ˿˿ǸеƤЩ૵ѹʦܹͨڶƣڵĵУѰ˭俹⡣
εĵԣеÿ˰ЦЦʦ㣬²ʦȡɴָȨġͳ̾
ƵҲĬĬͷ
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ϯλϵգûеǰ磬ĵԼͬһĵطЩް
ƽ̣¡ҧҧȻ̲סص˵
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չصĻѾΪڵִ£ûʸٲμӵԡ׳
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ӦӿףҲ̾һ˻֣ʱˣԿʼɡ
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ֶ䵽ƽ̨ʱͻȻΧһЩȻĻȻ֮Ҳõֶһ㶣ȻǼһű̹ݵٻӰƮȻƮƮǰ
ŶЦգֶͷʱЩôҲ벻һĶ֣ȻӦ


߰һʮ սӦ
ĳ̨֮ϣŮЦӯӯǰһεֶϸ֫İ˵ĻߣҫñŮøΪҫۣһɲǣͶעƬصĿ⣬Ǳûࡣ
ô㣿ֶеͷ۵ص
ôңҲǲ߰ѵ㻹׼Ҳμӵ԰ӦŹݣ΢ƫͷֶЦøһСƵġ
ʲôЦģһңѵܿģֶҡҡͷ
Ӧǳü΢ںڵ鹾תһ£˵ͷȷǸ⣬һôײУӦеѡ
ײС
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ϵĽ棬ֶ֪տκβӦҲͲٷϻ˫գŹԪϯ
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ֶ̣ӦһߣϵƤ֮ɫǰ˵ȻҲǿЦĳɷ־Ӷ࣬˵ƽչ龫֣ȴȻǲֳ϶ֵֶֹҪ
Ϳƨļһﲻˬˣ쿴ôʰ㣡
Ӧֹţһӣֱƾ̹ݷ˫ȴ֣˹ϡ
Ӧʱ֮ҲһЩ۾֮УâۣЩضǰֶǷ֮£ЩǿĲ䡣
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ԣĹʱ˵ֶɫƽУȴһ˿еĽ
Ӧױֶ߽⣬ǳüҲ΢ֻվֶĶ棬ܹоļѲؼǣߵ˫Ŀʼն̶ƽӿϢ֮䣬һ壬ƹ
ֶ֣ǲöԸ
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ˣ
Ĳڴ˿̶ȻӦϯĺڱѸٵ󣬻Ϊһ޴֮
Ҷڶ䣬żΪ붯Ƭؼ䴫
ͻȻڳеľ޴ҲѸٵ˲Ŀ⿴ҲѸٵشȻ˵֮Уʾǿѧ
ǺǣȻֵزѵáǰϯλϣһĻɵЦ
Ȼֶԣû̫вӵҲЩùһֶӦЦЦ
ֶǼһɲǻϧЩҪˡصĪЦ
һԣҲЦĿµһ̨

Ӧأ۾ֶһۣϸ֣Ȼ֮ϲ࣡
ȻǿҲҡһʱ䣬Ƭأص
ص䣬ֶǰĿռ俪ʼŤһ澵ӣţһֶһģһӰЩȻĿУ߳
˼
ֶǰһģһġӰӡüͷ̲סһ£ܹоӰӲһģһڻӿŲ׵ԪȻⲢֻһֵĻӰİʵӡĶ
Ȼ⡰Ӱӡֶ߱ȫʵˣҲ˸е֡
һУӦҦʱҲʩչҲƾУܹҦסôõʱ䡣
ӦֶһۣӹһĨС⣬ǵӰӡȻӶ;磬ֱǶֶ˹ȥ
أ
ֶӲˡӰӡһȭԼȫʢʱɰģӦ֡ӰӡΪԷʵ졣
һȭ޹ǡӰӡȴֱӺηضֶü䶯һɫ۾ֶȻâضֶӶȥ⡰ӰӡֶѧǾ߱ţȻ֮
ֶָһֱǰ۳һöɫƬһɫ£׼ʱͻȻ£ڵԪתǱûһЩ
Ԫı仯ֶüͷ΢壬һ۲ԶӦȻСе԰ףȴڴ߶Ԫңͼɸš
ҿûá
ֶһһ֮ӶֱǽЩڵ֮ɡ
䣡
񱩵Ԫڴ˿̶Ȼֶڱƽ˫ĿҲڴ˿֮ɫӿ˭óҪˡ
Ӧ״֮ҲӹһĨ֮ɫֶһֱ۽ǡӰӡԣûκζľٶĶӰӡȻŴ
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Ӱţȴûпһϸ΢ĺӿһ֮Ȼ
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Ӧҧҧ촽εؿЦһһƽﵹǽȴǳʧ󡭡
ԶֵĿ⣬һֱضϵѪƬ̺壬ͻȻ͵ֱͦһЩľ˫УһͬӥĹâۡ
ǵڲһЩΣʱŻֵıܶ
ŵѪķ֮ڣֶ˫ĿȴǻϣڵԪҲڴ˿ת쳣ΪӡѹƵԵʡ
ҵɲֻԪ
ֶƣ£һдţ棬Ũ⣬ͻȻӿ䵤֮Ҳڴ˿̣ͻȻըѶͬˮӿֶ֫ٺ
ͳ֮ڴ˿ֶ̣쳹
ৣ
谵ڿռ䣬ֶյ˫ĿȻںͫףǳ׵ĻΪɫͫ·ζ
һֶ̣컯ٶȽ


߰һʮ 
ɽ֮ϣĿգ޴Ѫƾһ˿ֲĲϵ֮ɢõľս
̨ΧЩţǰĻƺֶˣ
ֶʦܣ䣬ұ㽫ų翹ĻԲܸıκ£㲻áҶѪ򣬵ȫصš
ȻҶ£Ѫ֮ȴȻǰûκεĶ
ȻˣǱĪҪұˣ
״Ҷ΢̽Ȼ伴ʱϣѪͻȻҵزһ£һͳд
ͻıʣõҶüͷһ壬Įصڣô
أ
һͳѪ֮д䣬Բı棬ƺ͹һЩ
ߡ
Ҷɫ΢Ŀ˸һ£֪ΪΣһֲĸоӿ˳һһңңĶ׼򣬺ݺ¡
ˣ
Ҷ£֮ϵѪɫģʱͬ֩ӿһѪߣһεİ
飡飡飡
ȻڵҶЩʱ֮ڴĵͳδļأ죬·ħò˵ɫЩס
ҶɫЩһĻȻķչҲǳϡ
Щԡ
ӦЦЦЩصضǲ϶Ѫ֮Уһ˿֮⡣
ӦʱҲͬǸоǲѰһԴ۾ضŰգУЩ֮ɫ
飡
Ѫ֮ڵĵͳ죬ƵԽԽ٣ڷزţ֮ϵѪɫģҲ𶯼䣬ȻɢһЩ
ϵ䣬ҲǱԽԽһƬͻ֮𣬲ٵӶվӣĿ⾪ȵ仯
ˣ
һΪ׺ݵĳһЩۼܹ֮һѷ죬Ѫ渡˳
ҶʦֵĵӡȻҲסֶ
ǸֵƣһЩڵвźȻӿʵЩ޷ֶԪѹƵ£ȻܹͻҶ߶ػʾʩչĵӡ
ҶɫҲڴ˿̱쳣ӡٱţͼЩѪɫȹŷӡ
أ
ֲЧƺرĴ󣬰ֵͳϵѪ֮ϵҲѸٵӿգ׵׵Ѫ棬Ƿģ缴Ĵ
ݣ
ƣɿӣգͻȻɫѷ֮б⬵ļ̣塣
ӡҪˡһĻ۽ǶǼٵţǲ˼顣
Щ𾪵ʧոմʱѪ֮б⣬ҲǶȻŨ£ͬѹֵ˼ºȻĻɽ
䣡
װ죬֮Ϻ¡¡Ĵ˱ǼѪɫĵڴ˿̣׵׵ıĩ
еĿ⣬һӰ£ԽԽȫسĿ¡
˻
ǵӰ𽥵ʱƬɽڴ˿̴һƬƬ
ϣۣһ֮ǰ׳˶һ֮Ӱл߳ӰȻƷֶֻʱֻΪעĿ⣬棬ҲǱɫǣȥһۼףȻģȴֶһΪ޴ɫ
ԼɴСϲɫƬԵŷĹǴɭĻ⣬΢΢˸š
չһȣ̶ۣƷصͣ
ʱֶ׺ݣһ֮չԶ޽ٰζ
ֶ컯Ų̵ʱգʵԼǿܹյ֮Ҳۻ룬ҲǵܹĲλҲԽԽ࣬񣬸ֶ֣ԣһϲ¡
Ҷ֮ζ˶һȦֶҲһĨɫӹֱʣõЩʧȥ磬ô޷ʩչǿɱк󣬶޷ֶܡ
Ҷɫ粻ıü䣬ϵֶȴǻͷ˫Ŀǰߡ
ৣ
ֶɫһ֮ϣһӰפӰȴǹʧ
ÿ죡
ҶͫȻһɫü˵ѿֶʧĹ켣޷ߵٶȣ֮ǰ˲ֹһΣ
Ŀ˸ҶҲǾḻһȻϸ΢Ĳӡһ䣬ۻԪӿֱǻΪһ˺ʵĻ֮ܡ
Ԫ۶ɵܸոճΣҶ۽⣬ǼһӰӸ֣ոһʱȴǼֶһĨȣֶӰ৵һٶʧ
ҲֶʧɲǣҶ۽һǼһɫǵȭͷֱǴ𼫶˿ľ磬һǶȣ˺ѿݺݵض˹ȥ
̶ɲǣֶٶƾŹȰٶȣת˹ҶķʧЧ
ػʼף
ȻֶȭͷݺݵҶ֮ʱڻƹ˸һ͹ӵļ£ͻȻֳ൱ۻĲҲһ鱦
أ
ֶȭݺݵǼ֮ϣͳ֮˲䱬Ѷһѷȥ
µкҶ֮ϣǡػʼסıǱֶһȭʮҲƺ
Ԫ֣
ˣҶɫҲǺ˫ȻٶȰأƵľѵض׺ľ磬ݺݵضֶŭĶȥ
ৣ
ֶ֮ͫзŴƾ֣ȴ˿δˣһ棬αֱӶڼӴһһȣǶȻ䶯ͣΪһֻɫľ֮ţһȱ˦
ȷճ·أǱ˺ѿһʮӴѷ졣
أ
ֶֻȣ⣬֮У·ţֱǺݺݵر˦ƾ֮ϣһֲֽкֱһŽƾĴݻٶȥ
һĻҶɫ䣬ٶȱˡ
ৣ
Ȼθ˵ɲǣֶӰǹȰسǰ̺ſµ֮ȻӰ֮ϡ
أ
Ҷ壬ֱĿעµɶ֮ϵġػʼסڼٵ˸֮Ҳʧ
ˣ
Ҷ壬պݺݵ䵽˳̨֮⣬ڵϵĵͳõò۽ǶǼٵˣҲ֮ͬɫ
ܡ
ɴսʽ̶غ֮䣬ȴ߽ҶеķԼƣɽ֮ϣ൱İĿվڳ̨֮ϵӰеľη֮ɫ𽥵ţĻɽϿգȻ쳹
Ϊ֮Ľ棬Ƿֳʤ


߰һʮ Ľ
ĻɽϿչݣǸ޷֮ϵĺܶĿⶼܵԶԶͶ
ǳϵĽ֡û뵽ֶԪӡѹƵ£Ȼܱ˿ֲӦЦЦзŨŨľ֮ɫų̨֮ǵ⿪ʼӰ
˵ǼһһּΪѧһҼʩչʱûôǿЩʱ䣬ѧ֮ϵּˡӦ۾գգ
ֶϣҶҲòԩܹڵһ꣬һ֮УȷǵһˡӦЦЦ
ǿġӦӦЦЦϸۣЦӯӯص
츳Ǽã޲ڣܶ໨˼ǳԽҡӦЦЦŮһۣ
˻Ӧ˽⣬ȴǶ֪֪ףǰߵ츳ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣ˿˿ټ츳ҪӦǱΨÿ¶ַݣֻŮԺöƽҲǷ£ˣ֮УӦʵҲǰé
Һ˰Ӧֹ
ӦЦЦεҡҡͷƫͷȴԶǵĻӰԭӣҲǰһЩϵЦݣҲࡣ
㣬һӮġ
һֻ۵֣ӦЦЦ֣ƫͷȻǼŮǳƤЦݡ

Ż۵֣˫Ŀų̨֮УԭĮ˫Ŀȴڴ˿ۣĿ⣬ֶͣϣǵӰϣоһ˿Σζ
ѹܹҦƴܾˡ
ɳƵһȻǴĿ⣬ǰֶҶսֶĽܳԣ̫вգΨһҪעˣӦЦЦǣԺߵ˽̶ȣס

ĻɻصϣʱһִٶĿ֮ɫѾ״̬˳ֶɨɨȻٿѾսҶŸ˳ԣֶʤ
һ䣬ԭͷڰĻǶȻӾ磬رЩĵĵӣɫЩǺ죬ôǻĵٶȴ˵ص
ĵӵļȣЩصȴЩΣҲ޻˵Ҷػʾʩչ˳ȴȻκβֱֶԣҲԩ
̨µҶɫЩ԰ף̨ϵֶͶ˶ջû˵ʲôȻĵͷص˻ȥⳡսͬǾȫȴδȡеĳɹȻЩȻȴ޲ʣΪ֪һֻȻˡ
ֶ֮ϵ⾡˻ȥҶҲһǵػʾķӡ֮ȷ൱ǰҲ΢Щʧ룬ֶβ٣ټյ֮ԽԽ࣬ӶҲ컯ǿ֮ĳֶ֣ԣһٶȣЩԪǿҲ޷ƥУһպЩ޷ԸĶ֣ȴʲô̫⡣
ֶһȻЩĵޱȻݵĿУӻƬ
ֶʦܣɵò
ͳˣڵһʱΧʱ򣬼صͳ϶һĨ֮ɫصֶļ򣬴Ц
һԵĽˣҲǵ˵ͷֶĿ֮Уε֮⣬ֶһսҲǳ׵õЩĵ״Ӿ۷
ֶЦ˼䣬ȻĿǲؿԶһ¼ŵĻӰεĵԣıԣӦЦЦ֡
һһĵһˣһڶ򴳳Ƶӣڵ֮ڵֶҲΪʱϵ֮һߣһֵͻȻع飬ҲòĵԱЩ˷
λǵһ֮Ϊμˣ˭ǿᣬڳ˶֪¡
˵ǳսһˡͳҲǼȥĵط̾һɫЩӵص
ֶ΢΢ͷӦЦЦӣȻǲ׵ؽɴӵָȨø֣ͬƫִ֣Ҳȫᣬâϣս±ǰҶĽ֣Ϊ׺
Ҵ¹غɴ£棬ǵڵĸ߲㶼ǸĹע˵˵սǹߵһ
ΪֶҶļսƶȳڳ˺һ󣬷𽥵ȥڽʱУԿʼЩ˶ĵ֮е״ӣʵҲ൱֮ǰֶҶǳȣȴҪѷɫ࣬ˣ˵ɽ֮ϣȴûǰ֮
ңȻϲϵžʵıԣӵĿ⣬ȴתƼ䣬ؿԼӦЦЦڵķ
ʱ䣬Թ£ƣеıԣҲһĻúЩڱԵĵӣεʼ磬һֱۣ˳ǶҪʲôͬģҲǱ̬
ϢƺǺܿĴ˿˵úΧɽ֮ϵĵӣҲǵصĶɽΧΧˮйͨ
գɽ֣ȴȻǱĿӰڱǱɫ޽£ԵĹ¼š
ӦЦЦ嵭е˫֣ȴǻա
һִ£ڶĿעӳһ̨ϣĿԸӵؿɽĿӰͺ֮ɽ֮쳹
ıԣӦЦЦս֣
ִµͺ֮£ɽ֮ϣȴûʲôȲĻеĿ⣬Ӱ֮ϣǵڵ֮УΪĽ档
ߵĻ£ֽյ˫ĿǻȻĮľû̫վһֱǳǷ̨֮ϣȻǶԵĮ˫Ŀ˳ӦЦЦ

ӦЦЦؿ΢΢һ£һԱĿڶĿע£Ӷ̨֮УһӣǰǱźɫؽӣ峺ⳡ
ʦָ֣̣


߰ٶʮ ֶӦЦЦ
峺ɽմݿͬ߱ĳħһ㣬Ƭ򣬼žΨһĿ⣬գҲգĽ̨֮ϵĶš
ĿĻУҲ΢΢̧ͷǰϸŮӣĮ˫ĿУЩԭеӣҲڴ˿һΪӵı顣
С侲ô꣬û뵽һû䡣ɳƵص
ʦ֣ȴǱ˲١ӦЦЦʵҲᣬȥȴɣӣ
ֵһЦĬһ£һĿģ㣬Ӧǲµˣ֪ԸǴύ֣Ҳֵġ
ӦЦЦؿ΢΢һ£һڱĿֱ֣ʦҲӦ˽ҡ
Ļû˵Ҳ֪˼ǵĮ˫Ŀӹһ˿ɫҡҡͷպһлڡ
ӦЦЦ̾Ϣһ˵ڵ֣Ǽ˵ƫִκεĻ޷ȥȻˣǱֻ¼ˡ
ʦְ֣ɡ
ӦЦЦֱĿ⣬ƻգеɫʼһ˿˿ֵĮľٶӿֳ
̨֮⣬Ӧųжŵˣ̲סؽ촽ţ߻һЩѹı飬ǰĻ˭뿴İɡ
̨ϯλ֮ϣӦӾ̶۾ųУ˫΢գ̾Ϣһ˻֡
㣬еִ·ŵ˵ͷȻȻ£Կʼ
䣡
ɰȵԪͬʱԳ̨֮еĶڱӿǵԪۺ̶ȣĵЩ״ӣɫΪ֮ݣԪĶ壬˲ΣȻɲ⡣
ৡ
ӦЦЦգһ⣬ֶһĨⷴǶͫΣǻΪһӰӶ
Ӱһϸ磬һ֮£ǳǰ棬ֱǴһֱĻߣֱš
ҲӦЦЦƵִɲǣҲȻһһ׺ɷ֮ʱڱ˫ֱָ̽Ǳ̶䡣
ͣ
ĽâھüлŴʱȻ̣һָ潣ϻȻ綾ߣصصӦЦЦս֡
ӦЦЦһܹоָ۵Ŀգ֮ϣ⣬Ȼ𣺡
ৣ
Х˲䣬ǻΪ⽣֮ϣĽâһ˿˿ͷųһּǿ͵ɱɢ
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ӦЦЦ㹥ƣͬûбֳ˿СһգǱɫ޽ʱӶС
ħն
պɫؽɫĮû˿ĻڽԪӿһŭն¡
ݣ
޴ĺɫ⣬һƥֱֽⱩӶ˺ѿصսѤ֮ϣ
飡
ͳڰըѶ󣬺ڹâ쳣Ľâʧһ㣬кֱǽƬأиǧٿס
һƽâ֮ӹһѪۣȴ۾δգһ£ͷѪǷģԵΪ塣
أ
ֵΣٶӳؽ׺ݹ켣ӦЦЦҪĳУӦЦЦȻͬ׺֮У¶ȻЩƴɱ׺ݵս
ֵ͹ƣӦЦЦȴ˿ãԪۻԪڴ˿̾ش߶棬콣âӲһ

ӰȰԳ̨֮нഥ𻨽ɢ翪ĽֱǽƬ̨иһƬǽ塣
ڶĿ⣬Ӱ͸õòͷƤ飬֪ǻǵĻǱЩеˡ
׺Ľ
ĵڵͳ𺳵ǽֵĳ̨̲סզ
ЦЦʦʵȻǿȻʦֶκβֶʦܣ㿴˷ԣ˭ʤ󣿡̾һֶЦʵ
ֶüͷ΢壬΢΢ҡͷûκεĽֻۣȴһĨϸ΢ĵǡ
о棬ȷǲ£ӦЦЦʵ˿֮Ҳ൱ֻǡֱȴһֺݾ
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ǿ֮Ľ֣ʱֻҪԱԷƣǻ᳹׵·磬ԷѰһб
ԣ˵кãֶȴֻ֪֣ѰֻˣһץסᣬĹƣؽս˴εıԡ
ϣЦЦʦܹɡ
ֶ̾һֲ죬ȻӦЦЦܹȡⳡԵʤ
ţĿ⣬ͻȻԶβŮͤͤŽεգʱȴдŽһЩصúĲƺҲǷһЩ
Ůĸ֪ƺͦģֶڿʱҲתͷһĵںڴ۾ֶš
ӣŮû죬ֻƯĵУӹһЩѹɫʣεϻްƣЩۡ

ֶ̾һתͷͶǳ̨УĿ΢΢


߰ٶʮһ ʾĶ

һĽ֮ڳ̨֮ɢĽâϯӰǼʮŴʵĵذ壬ҲǱ͸ĽһƬηۡ
˵Ĺƣ쳣׺һһ˵ĳƺԼͨڶͷҲƽ׶
ӦЦЦס嵭գʱѱŨ֮ɫǰĽ֣ܹоֵʵ˿ѷɫսԣɣ
Ϊ˲˳ĶɴڵӵָȨΣ뽫
֮Уâ˸ӦЦЦ֮ϣȻһĨ֮ɫһϰգϸ˫֣͵ۻҵӡ
ˣ
ӦЦЦӡã˶ܹظоƬؼԪЩļ
ԪʱӦЦЦ֮ϣҲŨâɢȥ˵ҫۡ
ǡЦЦʦҪʾˡ
ڶ춯ţǵϱŨŨľɫӿȻδ뵽ӦЦЦôҪʾɱﵡ
ȥô
ֶͬǲӦЦЦӿĿֲ촽΢򣬿ӦЦЦҲףս鼫ΪķḻǳȥػᱻԷѰȻˣɴ㣬ƾʾ˵ܹıһЩʽ
嫵ĲͬˣӦЦЦΪģԴԴϵض˷ϯȥأ·ڴ˿ࡣ
ʦ֣֪ĻޣһЩ飬ȴΪ֮һЩޣҲǵԺծ֮ʱӦЦЦգĿ·֣Ỻ¡
踺ô
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ְɣĴұ㲻飬ɴϣԪŵЩɲ˿̧ͷкâʼۣòٵڵӶǻðź
˵ĹִӦЦЦӹһĨ֮ɫһѹзӿõӡȻһ
䣡
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ǵȹ⽣һ֣շ·Ť󲿷ֵĵڵӣɫڴ˿̱Щɷܹоǹ⽣֮Ļ𲨶һǶǻҶʣ¡
Ǳ⽣ӵصĿ֮
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ĿĻ£ӦЦЦ̽ȻңңץǱ͹⽣һȻдͬʱΣֱǳھ޽֮ϣȻһӡ
ৣ
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͡
ڽâսĵһӦЦЦϻǸһĨɬЦݣȻƶȻһ
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ڵңɲǰʶǸʦˡЦЦҪҡ
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أ
͵ͬɽ緢ӦЦЦһƺ׹£ЩǱڵ֮ϣصĵͳֱǽԶӦŵСҰ
ৣ
ӦЦЦθأһӰǹȰĽ󣬻һźĺɫؽǵǰ
ˡ
ֵͷĿĮȻ԰һЩӦЦЦص
˲ѻȸһĻӦһ£ҰֽΪһĻǳˡ
ô̧ͷִ£ص
ִԣһ£̨ϯλ֮ϵӦӣߵɫɲΨԵĳˣܹǷƵαѿһЩϸ΢ơ
ִµע£Ӧ΢΢ͷ
˳ԣʤ
״ִ̾һ
ɽ֮ϣȴһƬžֶԴҲᣬջؽתߣĮתʱɴʼʱһ
ӦЦЦֵıӰʱλǿδǰչһʦ㣬ȦҲǷ
㡣
Ӧæ䵽ӦЦЦԣźǷȦһӾͻˣ۾ᶼŹơ
ɽնļžǱźɫؽתȥ֣ɫ쳣ĸӡ
淳
Ƶޱѹֵɽֶ̾һüģǳƬ̣ڻ˳
ৣ
Ҳֶ߳ɲǣΧʱĿ۶еӦЦЦӦˣתͷеãȻĽš
ʦ֣Իûأߣһɡ
һɻĿ£ݵ꣬Щε̯̯֣ȻҲƬգ


߰ٶʮ 
žɽһɻĿ⣬ȴͣ߳ϡ
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ͳ˶һ£æ˵ǰֶҶսõ۷ǰ֣ȴҶɱȣǿӦЦЦУֶǿôκε
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ʲôӢֻۣҲǵڵӣ뿴кøеɣΪֵʱһЩ³çֲֹܵʧߡҲ뿴Ǹƽջ羫飬ڶƽտעĿɰŮһѹ۵ģȻ֪һΪš
һƬǽĳУӦЦЦӦҲĽֶţҧҧ촽һ£Ȼֶǿġ
ڻѡ񣿡ֶһۣЦ
ӦĬӦЦЦʱҲվؿֶһۣΪСһЩ
֪ĵڵУȥ⣬ܹһЩ谭ģƺͷβûչ¶սֶ˵ֵ֪׺ڵֶΨһһˡ
ֶ΢΢ͷһУĿֱӲԶǵźɫؽӰ
㲻ҵĶ֡
ֵĽŲҲڴ˿ͣȴûлͷֻɳƶĮ
ܵ԰ɣֶЦЦ
ζţƬ̺ǻת˫Ŀضֶϣ絶һ׺ɷٶɢ
Ȼɷ֮£ֶɫȴǲû˿ı仯ŴЩЦݵӣͬһ˿˿
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Ӧ纣˫ĿųеֶƬ̺Цһ΢΢ͷ
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Ƕ׼˵ĻǱ㶯ְɣ
ųһͳ£գȻ̣
ৣ
̣Ϣʱ䣬ţһɾɷǶȻԳбֻ˲仯ΪһĨӰؽУֱӳضֶʺ̶ȥ
ֵֶɲǣͷŽֶҲһһ棬ϯ˫䶯Ϊ͵ۣ֮һգɫɱֱֳ֮ӿӿֱ羫ĺŭ¡

ؽһɲǺȻײľϯ
ֶ˫֮۷˸ţڵľһһ̤ɰ֮״ҽţȴǱ˦
أ
ֶȱ˦ɲǣȲӿֱǻΪһֻ֮㣬Ŵǵ޷ݵĿһȱǶźݺݵر˦ȥ
ֶһȵΪĿֲǰҶֱӱһȴݻзǼ鱦ǱĴڡ
ֶ˷֣û˿ν֮٣һ֣Ǽ׺ĹƣΪףֵּĶ֣κε֮̽١
ֶһ˦µ˺ѶȻţͳƷ֮˶Ĥ
Ŀ֮У׹ۣͬǲֶȷҲûνС뷨ˣʱ涼˼Ļǲ֪˶ٴΡ
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ؽסֶҹĺһֻתȭȻһɺڹ⣬Ȼֱ֮ϱһȭ
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ִȭû̫Ƶƣȭ֮Уȴɱǵɱ⣬ʵһ㣬ǵض֮ȭ
أ
ڹ֮ȭصǲ۵ȺݺݵײâͬʱϯͬͷײжǣʳʴŶԷ
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ৣ
ֶ˫Ŀ׺ƾȻ˫Ŀ΢Уһȷ綸գȷոջһʱ͵ȣٶȺХȥӰԼ̶ضֶȥ
ſ֮ȣ֮ͫмٷŴţֶⷬ깥ƣҲȭգȻ
ৣ
ȭӰҲǰЩȭӰ֮ϣڹ⣬ӿž˵Ĳ
أ
ȷȭӰǵصײһǵȶǾ춯أɽ·ڴ˿̾ҵĲһƬƬأֱ־ɢ£ɷĩ
еĵӣĿɿڴ⼸ݻٵɽȻû뵽˵ĶȻ˵׺
ӦЦЦӦ⣬ųӲҲ΢Щ仯
㣬ֶ
ӦӦЦЦǣ۾һЩ֮ɫֶ֪ʵҲӲӲ
ģзִģʦһˣҪƷʦֺˣҲֻóݵֶˡӦЦЦĿضǳڵĳУ
Ӧ촽Ҳ΢΢ͷֶ˶սǹ׺ݾͷʦֻǿ
Ŀ⣬ŨŨ𶯣ǳĳڣ̨Ǳ紵ɢţƷӰԳеƲŵ棬һϰ׳ĺۼ
ৣ
ȫĿ⣬ӰʱҲ˲˹ȥţһЩ͵͵ĻȻ
ʱ֣ͷɢкɫؽбָ棬һѪԽ£֮ϣԼܹ۵Ľӡ
棬ֶǶ֮ٶȸ֣֮ϣɫۼ׽令ڣˣ˻ֱ֮ϣһЩѪۣѪ˳Ƭ
˵Ľ֣ʯȴ׺ƥ֮ϣҲԴŶԷµĺۼս˵ĺ
ųĿӵˣٵڵӺЩ仺еˣͬԭϸԶһʨʱһսΨвҡ
˭ܹЦ󣬻˭޷ȷеĴ𰸡


߰ٶʮ 

Ƭйιɽĳشɢȥǳɢȥ£ӰȴǱֱţ֮Уâӿ
ƬصԪ·Ҳܵţ֮䣬γμ룬֮ռ䶼ЩŤ֮С
ֶʱ״̬Ȼǽ컯߶˼£۸Ƕ֮ҲǸֳԶԶȥʱ̬Լ䣬·֮ڴء
ֶҪƴԪĻȻǲʵﵽԪ֣սγɣȴԪһЩֶΣв֡
ৣ
ֶ˫΢Уâ֮ͫת䱳֮Ȼȶ
أ
֮ȶǵȿ磬ֱǽʯȷɶȥֶӰҲǻΪӰֱضֱӶȥ
΢һ־ٶȱӶĵӰֶⷬٶȣǸеЩľ
䣡
ֶӰ˲ǰǻΪ֮۵˫ƣֱץкȻһּ˱̬߸߾Ȼ£
飡
δ£·棬Ǳ͸ȥ𱬶ȥ

ſֲݺݵȥ󻯵һһۻԪĺɫؽҲǼΪıӶȻصصںɫ֮ϡ
佣֮Ϊĵ꣬պǵΪɢ֮㣬˵ֶԪȴۻƥһӳֱؽ̺ſĺⷬʵľ
ͣ
裬ֶȴû˿⣬üĴۣ۸ֳһɷ֮Ļɫ৵һǱӶֱʺλ
ߣ
ֶⷬƣҲһ˫ָΪصǵɫ֮ϣȻؽǵ˺ѿ
ৣ
˺ѹһ̤ǰкɫؽֱǻΪɫ籩񱩵Ľâǵصضֶȥ
ȹƣֶ֮һ񣬱ϰգ˫ȶǱӶâ͵ָ̽գٶȱѣ֮УһԶӰ
֣
ֶû˿ķϻƶȻ̽һƱǶ·ŭĶȥ
䣡
ֶ£޴ĹӰҲһĳʱһ޴ޱȵĹӡƾո֣Ȼݺݵض·ѹȥ
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ݣ
֮飬޴ĶѸһᴩصĻɫݵһǱӶ
䣡
֮ϣԪ񱩵ķţԼͬʱ£Ŀֱ·֣ȹƣòͷƤ顣
ͣ
̧ͷպХĿ¹ƣҲӹһĨ֮ɫؽڵ棬ӡȻãʱһɹɾ˵ĲҲǶȻϯ
ʾӣ
ؼԪڴ˿һַļٻǰԪȻĿע£Ϊһ͹ӡ

ڹӳεɲǣԼǴſֲĲХ£Ȼһǰһصغϵľ֮ϣʱ䣬֮֮쳹
ˣ
һƬǽɽٶܴݲУԭѶľʯǱɢĳɷĩǰίʵЩˡ
ꡣ
Ŀײ֮޴Ĺ棬ڳ˿µĺ֮ҲǱѳһƣһ׵ըѿ

ֶһǹըѺٶȳ֮еǵӰ̲ס죬֣ȷѲ㹥ƣǻҶĻǱȥȻǲɽ֣漬֡
·ˮźɫؽƣ΢΢һ£ֶھѲֺγΪֶ׺ƸеľֶⷬսֱղӦЦЦʱĻҪ
һ˹£յˣȴǹ˶ݵļžһʱ䣬Ȼûٶչơ
ǵ̫ˡӦЦЦųͬʱֹˣӶһ£
ǽ춼ս˺ܶೡˡӦͷ
ʦǾԪǿߣԪۻ룬֧ŵڵǲֶ֣ǼһȻҲܳŵڣһʩչѧЩ졣ӦЦЦ
Ǽһɲͨˡ
ӦЦһоӦЦЦĿ⣬һ죬æѻ⳶㣬Ǿ˭ʤһЩ
ӦЦЦü΢ҡҡͷ˵Ȼھֶƽͣʦ֣ضĵơ
ֶĴ߾ҲһֱأǼһϲֶܶΡӦ
ǰǶСⳡԣ¹˭֣лö֪
ӦЦЦ̾һȻɲǣȻһĿתڵķ򣬴ʱͻȻϯкɫؽڵ֮ϣţ˫ְڳһ˹ӡ
͡
һھѪΪѪţǹӡ֮ϣʱ䣬һּ˹Ϣʼش
ҲˡʦҲˡ
ⷬٶӦЦЦһ֣ҲȻ仺ҲҪصֶˣҲ֪һΣֶܷǽӲ£ⳡԣҲнˡ


߰ٶʮ ħVS߾
ˡ
ϢϢʱͻȻһɹɺҲǵصϯ籩
ܿı˰գ䣬һּ˾˵ɷ֮ɢ
ɽϣеҲĿ֮ɫһĻܹоִеĿֲֵһҲҪʼѹ׵ֶˡ
ֶգͬɫصһĻУܵһּŨΣգʼջ£䵽Զ̤棬üĴһһĻɫǶֱӶȥ
ͣ
ӹھлʮɾʱ۵һƾյɢȥǷģ·ֵεϽ䱣һ㡣
Ŀ⵭Įؿֶһۣ˫Ŀ֮УЩɺâӿõӡȻ̣ɳĮȻֶΣ˲ɱԪԼһԪĶ֡ڵ㣬Ż˳
ֻһ䣬õɽһƬսЩˣǰܹͨڶȷǱ¼ǿ
ֶһЦЦк棬˫֣Ҳӡ
ʦ֣룡
һĻƤ΢˵κεĻӡһ䣬ʵĺڹ⣬ͻȻʼѸٵػۣƺ䣬ΪһӴģӰǺӰ֮Уһɷ֮ϯƬؼ¶ȶ轵
ǡ
̨ϯλϣĵĿͷϿ۶ɵӴӰһ
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΢΢ͷӹһ˿ǣֵǿǶЩе⣬Ҳֶ֪ܷ
ƣģӦǺħҲԶʱڵһλˣ˳ƺħϯλϵӦӣʱؿڣһ۱ǿѧĵϸ
ħ֣ɫ΢˱䣬ȻҲ˵Զʱ൱ĺǿߡ
û뵽־ܵõѧС

䡣
޴ĺӰһħ壬ֵϿգ˵òַ·Խʱնɷ֮ȴǼ˵Ŀֲ

һڷźڹţֵл³ʱɫǲ԰һ֣ʩչѧ˵ҲŲСġ
΢΢̧Բ԰׵ӣɺͫȥӡᣬɳĮЩȣɽ֮ϣ쳹
ħħ٣
䣡
ĺڹ⣬ӿǵӴĺӰ֮УǺӰλãɺ֮⸡ֳһѪۣʱ䣬ɷ֮Ȼǡ
˻
ɷ֮£Χ˶͵ظеԪתڴ˿̱óٻһֵĹδչû뵽˵͡
еҲͬڴ˿̱ʢ£һ̽ңңĶ׼ֶȻȻ¡
꣡
µɲǣؼԪ·Ǳ飬ӴĺӰɺĿ⣬ֱֶԪۣγϣֶ·
·ӴޱȵĺӰҲһһ£
䣡
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һƣɽ֮
еĵӣǱµƺЩϢԶӦЦЦҲǱü˵أԵŮɫе԰ס
һƣǾԪǿߣ¶ȥӣ
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ֶ̧ͷնĺڰƣܹоһŨüΣζףǿ汻һУҲ֮֡
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ֶһ񱩵Ԫγεϣڴ˴á
ȻˡǾֻƴһ˰
ֶ˫Ŀ֮У֮ɫȴȻǿʢһգѪ͸ȻɿĻΪһΪ»ɬķġ
飡
Ѫɫĸֶ֣ƶʱݺݵڵ֮ϣͬʱ䣬һɼصĲΪģŴأɢ
ͣ
ǹɲɢ˶ܹļԭɽ֮ϣһֹٶȱÿݻƣߣأǳ˹ѡ
ꡣ
ѵĴأţ̶Ϣʱ䣬ӴɽͷǱ쳣Ŀݻƣ·еȡȥ
ǡ
һĿ𺳵˲ɽ͵ӿֿȼ֮ɫǴ߾
߾һʩչߣ˵ڵֶܴﵽֲΣȴܹɽ֮Ϊ֮ء
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һĻǵĶʱҲżӿ֣ˣٶȼΪǿѧˡ
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Ŀ⾼һĻ޵ܹо֮£ͬװİӿЩ۵ķԶһӰ
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ɫһ㣬ӵص׺Хֶ֮⣬ʱĺߣɢĿ²ӦЦЦǸе𺳡
Ȼǡ߾
Զ֣ͬΪǰһĻͫһѹе𶯣ףΪʲôֶаԭһȻǰѴ߾ɹˡ
εĶȤˡ


߰ٶʮ 

ɫͬԵصϯĻ棬ռݣǵȰ֮Ҫصȼ
ǻλãһӰֱĿ⣬ʵĲӥֱֱԶͷħӰ֡
ֶһν߾ʩչܹظоΧ̲֮صڴ˿̻۵ңܹƿأ
һδӵйӴ
ڣֶҲףΪ߾ܹΪǿѧ⼸һ൱Ե̬֮еǿнΪá
ĳֽǶ˵֮ƣֻ߾ڼ̵ʱڱȥγɼΪֲĹǻὫһĳ׻Ϊ˵
ֶһڣһպȴǽȻͬ
ǿ
ֶ̽һգϻһĨЦݣ߾ǿ̶ȣҲ൱⡣
䣡
յĺɫƣǴżΪֲѹٽϿգ͹ѶĴأڴ˿̱鿪ΪһƬء

ֶһ˫Ŀڴ˿̱ô۶Ŀ˫ֽպ߸ߵؾȻһ£

ֶһ£ռݰյɫʱͬ籩Хֱ𺳵ĿУظ˺֦ϣΪһƬӴѤβ
߾ն
ͳ˻ƵҲֶһʱԪУ˿
ݣ
һ䣬Ǻ֦ϣ˲䣬һӴ⻡ȻӶ
䣡
⻡һӳһɾ޴Ĺ֣Ǳ˺ѶֱǴӳ룬ӵɽԵǷģ·Ҫɽ壬롣
⻡ӹٶȼΪˣ˶ֻܿһ֮ͫлٶʱǵ⻢𶯵ĿУݺݵǵӴĺӰ֮ϡ
ͣ
֮ײȴûо촫ǼΪµƣڽӴɲǣˮഥһ㣬ʴͼĥԷ

µ֮ϷɢţӴĿռ䣬ǳһŤĸо
˶Ŀתǿ¹ƵʴƬ̺ͫͻȻһͬ׺ڱ˴ʴ䣬ʧȥ˿ƣϯ
Ǿͬһϯصɳܹ⡣
һЩýĵӣǱһѪɫɷףǾ֮ɫֻһЩɢನõǺ޵ֿ֮治֪ǽģǺεȿֲ龰
ڻɫĳɻΰϯ˶ܹǹɳײӰ֮ʱǶػͬڵһ㣬˳ȥ
͡
Ӱ䣬һѪ˳ȻǱ˲ơ
Ӧųܾ˵ӰҲ̲ס촽ӹһĨ֮ɫֶֽ׺ˣһ֣ǿǴľսǰЩ˭Ѱ˵Ҳˡ
ͣ
ֶкصزڵ棬ֱڵһ׳ۼָݺݵȶţ𽥵ؽǹڵĿȥ
סֶĨһǵѪͬһһ৵һǹʧ
ǶңԶֵҲǿͷɢЩ˼飬Ȼ޷ֶȻһиˣ֮ʵǲԪľ밡߾ǿô
ֲû̫룬ΪһͻȻһ䣬ιƶ
أ
θʱ˺ѳգſµľ磬ݺݵغǰ֮أһ׷ŵӶȥʯͷۻԪţǵصҪ
飡
գؽݺݻ£ֱǽЩʯɷĩ
ˣ
䣬ǵӰٶȳǰ׺ȭ磬ݺݵغš
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ս񱾾׺ݣֻƴݵʱʲôʱҲͬķʽƵˡ
飡
̺׺ȭţǺݺݵ䵽Է֮ϣ˽һƺߣأĺˡ
ȭţ˾û˿뷨ƴɵķ񣬿ò˵ͷƤ飬һǺݰ
ۡ
ֶеһѪˮ˳ȥ΢΢һ£ЩĽָţǰȭͷ䵽֮ʱʲô˴롭
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Ԫʲ㡭
ֶһֲܵһϤĲԭԪ֮Ƕ̤˾ԪҪٽԪģԪ֮ȴԪ񣬼ҲûﵽֵزȻҲԪܹ֮γԪʲ㣬ⶫķҲ൱ǿ
أ
ֶâ΢΢˸Ȼһ棬ٶȱӶ
ڤ粻飡
ֶȻؽȻ̶

ؽݺײֶľȻһߣ֦边ؽ߶ֶ
ৣ
ѶԷֶ˲۽壬׺Ʒ磬ݺݵӡ˹ȥ
ԶӦЦЦӦ˼ֶ˾٣ʱ̲סؾȻֶ֪ǿڵ֣Ԫʲ㣬ʧȥֶƽķ
޴
ֶּʱӵԪʲ㣬ֶͨ˺һȭȥȴܹ˲ֶơ
أ
һӡֱֶţ񱩵ľ磬ֶһӿӿֶȴǲˣմȾѪԵø壬ƣҲ䵽֮ϡ
ͣ
ֶµһȻǰߵĴǣһĨ컡ȣǼֶĴһƴСĽɫֶ֣
ǡԪ֮
һ̣ǵĮӵ֣ӿһĨɫ


߰ٶʮ ʤ
ৣ
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ȻС˵ô֣أǿ˴εĶҲЩ鷳ԼǶűӦ۶ѹҲӲͷƤȥˡ

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ǰģֶӦһСȴǰţΧŲĵĿζĽߵ˸š
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⻰ֶε̾һȻ龫ֵӦѾĿԵģǰģǹġ
ֶܿ˿ȻǰһӦţȻܹᵽǰŮϴһζ
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ŮǷ·ŲӿĴ۾ע£ֶЦһӲͷƤ˵˳
ܲܰٽҼ죿


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ΪʲôҪôãŮϸﲿһ˿ֶȻһЦǺ޹벻ʵ
ŮݣֶгԲֻεصҰûָȨҲе㹦Ͱɣ
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ֶߣڴ֮ɨһȦȻǶȻ˴봦һʯӣӵĶˣһ١
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ӦЦøһСһƽֶǸģ죬ȴǰ֪¶˶ٻα顣
ЦŵͬʱӦ΢΢ͷһԺÿĴ۾ֶţ΢Ц⣬ת㣬˵ҪָȨʱ򣬼ֱ˧ˡ
ҲóǶУʱָӣôʦֵܣЦЦʦǿλãȻ߾ֶ֮Ц
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Ӧ΢΢һЦȴǲ˵ʲôһӣ˵Ӱٶʯ֮ϣʧȥ


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һֶҲתŵڷ򣬹һ
һԵӦٶ㶣ȻͷҲʲô
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İôҧˡ
˵ǻëѾͷ
ӰԶȥ֮ϣȴԼĴŮЩŭĽ

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ɽ˼壬޵ļ۵㣬˵ûǰֲҲͬŲʵǿڶ
ɽ֮һ˵ɽ֮У̤ǿޣִڣܹΪΣǻҲһ޶Ҳǲǡ
ֶ𽥵ؽӽӴɽҲܹоСڵӡʼɢϸ΢𶯡
ৡ
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磡
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СԣӴ󣬼ӾСףߵ֮ϣǰ˲ݺύĴ˺ۣЩ˺ۣҲС׶ɷ֮ڼֶŻֵĺЦܹĻԻһ͵
Ӵʵ˲٣ڵڵЩʱû״СĿֶɨһȦüͷһЦ
ֶǰȴȲǰĿ⿴СףȻбЩ֮ɫӿΪ֣СϢܹԪǿߡ
ٺ٣үԽ̵ģɲȥСֶϵľɫЩЦϤȻôǷ⡣

ֶС׵ֱۣص˵ͷС׸СǶԵģڵڵĻСӦûﲻ̶ȡ
Ƕæȥ˲ٵط
С׺ͷƽ˶սֶײеëȻ׻ʱֶǰȴǺһԵС̲ס̾ͬʱĵĲˬƽʱСȻҲƴӣȴֶͬǰ˳ӡ
ֶЦЦſһԵСʵָôˣ
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ɡ
ֶ΢΢ͷʦӦҲǴΣʱСʵȷǻָ˲١
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һԣӦһ죬СһЦģҪ崿ж崿һĻõֶ˷ۣװ˭ء
ٴͺãʡС鷳ЩĻë֣үǵ󣬿ôʰǣС˴֣Щ˷ܵص
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СһЦиһĨɫʣѹĵشֶС
ѡ
ƮƮֶͫȴǴ˿̶ȻһһԵӦҲ̲סؾһ


߰ʮ 
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ľ֮һԵӦдգʱһЩ֮⡣
֮䣬鱦Щضӵż֮νġѡʵ֮ЧҪǣܹ˳Ԫ񣬶˵ޱȡ
Ҫ֪Ԫۣµһֱ֣Ψ̤˾ԪǿߣԪ֮Ż𽥵ǿʢˣһЩмˣȻ޷˳ĳԪ񣬴ˣֻڵȴ̤ԪںϵϢ֮ʱܹɹİԪ۳
ڣЩĲ裬ȴܹ⡰ѡüΪļ̣Ƿ֮ǲ˵ϢǴȻǿߣԪǶԣջʵ̫
ֻԪɹۣǲܹպ屻٣Ҳɢ䣬ֻҪֶζ࣬Ļٶ帴Ҳʲôܵ¡
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ֶĵʱҲ̲ס΢˫ۣ
Ԫ֮ǿ̶ȣѾ̹ԪֱԪ֮ƾⶫ̶ȣȺҦԼּѲĶ֡
Ԫ֮ⶫڵֶȴûⶫΪֻе̤ԪڷŻԪ֮ڵֶһȻһ룬ҪԪǸе쿪
ڣ⡰ѡĳ֣ȴ쿪е㻯Ϊʵļ
ٺ٣Ȥô
СвЩ𾪵ֶҲԵõһЦֱɲ˵ġ
ֶ΢΢һЦصص˵ͷвõʱ䣬ɴǻῪڴ֮ǰҪһеĿʵӦӵĻУܹоԪŵӵǿνСԪλͷԵ̳ģֶȻϲδʲôеȷһѹ
ϾԷռţҲ൱İμ⣬ǵߣһܹǿģҲӦЦЦ˰
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С˵ͷȻҲͲٶ˵һǻΪһ⣬ƬɽӶȥ󷽣ֶСףӦϣһˣƵЩƵ

ֶ˶ɽȥãɽһʣҲƷ֮κӰƮӶ
֮ףһźɫ۵ĳߣ˫ָɫĮ䣬һɾ˵İ֮ɢ
źڰӣģΪӢֻУȴЩڵĸ֮߰ɫȻǴɢֲǵȷְȻıǮ
⣬˵ؿڴһöɫ£һֺգڰ׽棬ȱ־ȻǶΪǿĳɣԪţ
±ԵŽ߲ƣΪϤԪŷεǻֻ֪£ֻԪŰ˲֮Ϊĵӣʸ
ǰ˲֮еĶӣֱΪ齫
ǰˣڴУ
ȥķ򣬺ȻҲħɽ


߰ʮ ħɽ
ħɽɽɽ쳣վɽϣһΪĺɫľЩľΪ죬һȰĹЧܹɱųȥÿʱỵ̈ɽ壬ż֮ʶɽҲΪħɽ
ħɽһʯʯɫ԰죬Ѫ֮ɫһּΪѹֵĸо
ƽܹɭ׹ɰ׹֮ϣһƤְɫʵӣ˫ĿݣͳһЩ״ȥΪɭ䡣
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쳹Ļâڴ˿ͬɽһ㣬Ӧϯ֮ϣչĳˣҲ䣬ӦͷϿգͬʱ䣬һЩ˵ĲҲǳڴ
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ϲˣƷɡֶ¶һĨЦݣЦȴõðź
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Ӧһ£ҲǵͷĻȻûֶ䣬Ҳףֶȷġ
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ǽԼƽɵͫڼСӴϺʱ˲رǺߣɫǶȻɷŨŨľ֮ɫӿֳ

ȻʧһЩ־ζڴ˿̣УɬĴ


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޽ж⼶ǿޣЩ϶ǿ壬Ȼ˿壬ĴڶˣûκεܹΪǵС
޽綥˰Ĵڣһ㼫ٻڶ֮ϣⲢǿԼ޶ӵſ־֮ġ
ڶϣǿԪִţ߰ĳɣһʱвұֵùڵţΪǶ˵Ԫŵۺ񣬵һ壬ǣֻӵĿֲ
ͷԪҲһЩսչûȡʲô̫Եʤ˫֮䣬Ŷ⼶ǿ䣬ӶҲǵ֮Թ
˵ΪԪڶӴԵʣǺٻĳ֣ͬģԪŵȥǱȻҲβͣΪǶһ¶ݣǽ鷳
ҲΪһڶΪĺԵǽԼƽɼչľ޴ϺʱеľҲ̲סǣǵϡ
ġһﾹȻ
ϵľڳһǱü˵˸˫ĿУЩСʵֻ£ȴһñսսöôĿֲ
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СΪһЦ˫̽ϺڹŸ֣д
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λǿߣ񣬾ǳС֮


߰ʮһ ջķ
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ճĽɫˮҺƬ̺ʼΣ󣬹âۣöԼȭͷСĽɫճ֮ֶ˵֮С
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СС׵ǲĽ֮УӦǰĽӤȴǳһ£Ҳô
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״ֶҲһЦ֣һòԩһԪһöѣջ񣬿Ʒʢ


߰ʮ 
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Ϊ֮ΪǿĳɣԪŵţڹģй֮޲ԪŷΧ֮ڣʮڣЩǽԪΪ䣬ĸ棬Ҳǵñ뾭ԪŵĵͷԪߡ
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ӰеƻöѵƬƬ֮ϣԼɼǱֶǽĽˡ
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֮˵һЦ˫ĿٶȱϣһĨ⣬üļ䱩Ӷǰռʱ˺Ѷ⻯ΪӰӣӽ˿ռѷ졣

ħɽУĵӰӳգٶһƬǽ֮أž˵Ѫɢ
ħɽƽ֮Ҳ׼񣬽˳ˣҲһ׮¡СһĻЦ
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ֶͷ˶ͨݣɱˣԪҲӲܣֵط뿪Ϊá
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ӰʧʱԶ֮ңĵ֮еӦӣҲɫ˫ۣǣһĨ֮ɫ֡


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СҲǵ˵ͷǰһĻȷЩˣ룬Ǭﻹİɣ
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ֻԺٿˡϣѾͷպܹѹסֻ԰ɣȻĻӦҡҡͷЩǵ̾Ϣɽ֮ϣش

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ѾħķΧˣúִܹħǣ֪ʲô׳ֶۣԣͳЦŵ
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ȻʱӦ㹻СֶֻЩ˵ڵֶһס
ֶ΢ԸεʱһֻȴһǬʯϵĻˡ
˽ӹǬһۣ˿վֶͤͤŮֶЦЦС޸ǲǳ
ֶƫͷӦЦлˡ
Ӧص۾ֻƳֶһ۱ջأģŮ²ߡ
ֶ΢㶣ŶһվҲ˳ֽǰɫưͭ¯ǬȻӦЦЦЦҲ߰ɡ
˵꣬תȥ棬ڵҲǷӵŸȥ
ӦֶתıӰҧҧ촽۾ӹһĨԹɫȻӦЦЦ¸ϡ

ֶصЪ֮ʱȴֱӿףλɫվҲŲٵĵڵӣǼֶ˻ʱȻһ
ǸԪŵͻˣüͷֶӦЦЦˣ
ֶεص˵ͷ˵ʲôǿڵ˵ǧˣ
ֶһ㶣ϢδҲ̫ˣԥǵͷ˵ֶΡ
Ҿ˵СôױԣӵֶΣǧҲֲ˺áֶ䣬ǳ̲סЦЦβסĵ⡣
ֶ˴㵵ͻȻЦλģ治ѵǵġ
ɵò˵ʱҪȫ֣ЩҪĶҲȷǸýѵһ¡°ͣЦ
һĻֶֻܸЦ
ɴδʼǱǸԪŵĶħȻٲ˳ͻʱǶСһЩЦЦɫһ㣬˵
š
ֶӦЦЦ˶ǵ˵ͷ˫ӱټһΣԺͻµȷٲ˵ġ
ţȥϢɣɴպգǾͶͣ㣬Щʱħӣǳʲô׻˻֣Ц
ǡ
ڶԶǵ˵ͷȻҲɢ˿ȥ
Сӣ⣬ǧ¶ǿʼ˰ɣȻֶˡֶɢȥĵط죬̲סص
Сһصֶβ٣ҪԸûôסЦ
Ҳܴ⣬ԪСǧʵСԪСֵģɴʼ󣬻öֶСһЩҡҡͷ
λԣϵЦҲ΢΢һ̾ԪСȷǾУҲ֪ħֶǷܹӦԡ
ֻϣһεɴҪһʧ˰ɡ

ҹɫ𽥵ӴħǣһҲˬҹ֮£𽥵رð
ڳеһǣһƬֺԺŲӰ󣬶Ԫħǵ֮
ʱڴԺһľͥԺͥԺ֮ڣӰһˣǽֵֶСǧ
ǧǰһŰĿӣбһƬݵУеһƬҶ˫Ժضҹգκ󣬷бһǧ˵ѰڵһµӱƵûˣ
ֻСӵжѣҪʮغڣСʬ޴棡ǧüͷһ壬Ц
٣﷭£Ҳɵóϴ˵ǰɣЦеصƫͷһµӣš
Ҫ˵ģǲӿ㣬ȴǼΪͿһ˫ȥζ
ʱȴǵͷزһ·˵ִûκεȤ
öˣɴԼȥһɣܹġעǱͨ΢΢һЦЦ罣档
ⳡȻҪһ
ǧͻȻǽֶСƺ棬ģͦ׽ġ
⻰ո£ǰϱһĨЦЦĻȣȻƫͷǲӡ
ӲٶȣҲ΢΢һ£΢΢üƬ̧̺ͷĿⶢǧһ㣬૵
£綸ȻͥԺй𣬵֮ϣ˲䱻иʮͷۡ
һĻǧǰӶһۣʼ磬εɴҪѪùˡ


߰ʮ Ų
ڽʱУħǵ𱩳̶ȣȻһּ˿ֲٶţ˴󳬼ɵӶľϵһЩҲѸٵŷһʱ䣬ħڣǿƼԵüΪĻҡ
ֻ£׵ȻǼ˹˴ڵӶǰЪŵǲδ¡
ֶȶӣ˵׵˲ûǿƽ㣬ҲС£˰֣ħ̫ңһӣˣЩճ
ֶȻҲʱħǵ״˵ûб㣬Ҳǰڷ֮У
ֶҲս֮ǰʼоһЩĶǸոյֵĹŹͭ¯
ķ֮Уֶڴ֮ϣʱУø߼۴Ѱưͭ¯üͷҲţ߲ϵɨɨȥ

ɨӣСʱֶ̲ס̾һЩɬ˫ۣĲʡ
ǰѾ̽øֶ̽ⰵͭ¯ȴδܷа쳣ĵطͭ¯㲻ϡ棬ҲȫûĲֶܹ϶ⶫȻʲôе鱦Ա룬ѡ
԰
ֶеͭ¯ڵһۼⶫʱоʯһ£ֻеʯһЩѰĶʱŻֵķӦ
ֶüͷǰɫưͭ¯ǰͭ¯棬ܹһЩ޹ɵͼƣΪʴԵʣͼƼΪģҲȫû취õһЩõϢ
ͭ¯ģ
ֶԸͷۣúǷҡҡͷȻ׼ⶫǬʱ۹⣬ͻȻ˷еĵƻ𣬵΢һ£˫Ŀ
ͭ¯ƺ˻硭
ֶӹͷ΢ԥһ£ͭ¯ưܵģ治ܽյģһʱ㻵ˣһǧ͵ôˮƯˡ
㻵˰ɡ
ֶҲѶϵˣһҧһգһֻ֮ܵ棬ֻҪǿߣܹ۳
ͣ
ֶָһһƻĴܽͭ¯֮УѸٵͷſٽţֶͼͭ¯Ȼڻļ󣬵Ƥе㷢࣬뷨ȻǴġ
ҿͭ¯֮ǰưܵģ˵֮ǰַʽԹֻӦҲûãֹͣ
ֶЩɺҡҡͷʧȥе£һӣǽȼŻͭ¯ڻ裬Ȼ˫Ŀϣʼ״̬
ֶ״̬֮ͭ¯ڻҲԽԽǿúǻΪͭҺ
ɫͭҺԽԽ࣬úͭ¯ǳ׵ıջ٣֮ҲΪ֮ĴɢȥֻЩɫͭҺš
ˣ
ͭҺʱͻȻ䣬һɫĹ⻪ڰս֯
ڴ֮ϵֶյ˫ĿҲڴ˿һ㣬Ȼ˫Ŀ㶵Ƿս֯İߡ
⡭
ֶ㵵һĻȻһȫڻͭ¯͵ػȻԭȫٵ֪ʲô
⣬һĲƲôֻҪⲽȴҪСǰֶʧĻҲԽһķٻͭҺֶ֮ǰȻӦҲԹֶΣգͬûܰߺġ
ܹôģڵֶ쳣ϲײĽȻǴĳϡ
ʲô
ֶϲĿ⣬һЩɻ󣬶Űн֯ĹߣЩߣһ˿˿Ĳһգ·һЩ·ͼƣģһŵͼ
ͼ
ֶ΢һХЩͼƹ߾ģȻ蹬ڡ
ֶģϵɲǣЩ߿ʼע£۳һƴСİơ
ֶһ죬ǰƱ䵽УĿһǹϣܹĻͼƣͼ֮ϣĸ쳣ϵĻ֡
Ųأ
ֶĸϵĻ֣һһٵĽ˳һ˫ĿҲǶȻŹ⡣
ͭ¯֮ڣȻһŲصͼ
öֶЦȻ֪Ųؾʲôܹħ֮УȻѰأ֮УӵŴԪ֮Ҳ⣡
˵֮еķ汦ûг֣Ųصͼĳ֣ȴǽ䳹׵ֲһŲصļֵܹһԪ֮
òʯҲûֶʧ
ýħ󣬵ǿЦЦʦһ£ѰһνķŲءֶĦ°ͣڱϾǵԶսʱҲǹµһˣ󣬻վŴʱ׼ߵʦֵܣƹŲֶһҲԲ£õڶʦֵҲǷֱʱʵǿˣҲܹ鷳
뵽˴ֶҲǰһЦСؽɽ䣬ⶫӦһЩرãȻĻصô
ͭ¯ƽ⣬ֶȻ鼫ˬȴû֣ͻȻһģâӿ֣Ϊһ˻ɬ븴ӵĹ
󷨣µۻңڵֶ޷͸İⶫȻһֱֶڵǬ
ֶܹƾԪʵԪǿӲƴǬ󹦲ûΪֶֻܹԪԼںһ𣬷ӳΪӴ
Դֶõ֮󣬳ںԪ뾫֮⣬ûпĹЧЩʱ䣬ֶڰо֮ȴһЩصķ֡
ǬתܹںǷתĻֶȴǷ֣ǬĲ׵ķ˱仯ͬʱֲҲ߱һ൱˵Ч
Ǳǣֽ֮
˳ںϣ֮Ǳֽ⣡
ֶ΢ЦŶŻתǬ󣬴΢ƣ֪㷢֣Ȼɴ֮У绢


߰ʮ Ƽ
ʱ䣬ħǵջ𱩵ýе񱩽ʱȻ
ǵյĵһƹ˺Ʋ㣬ҫڴʱħǣǳ׵ı֮ϣ̶Ʒ֮ͣһӰͬȳХǽħĵص㡣
ھħǱ治ԶĵطأǾתΪһּ˰ĺڰ֮ɫһ˿˿궼ǸеʵζԵ֮ɢ
ħƬ걻һԴԶŰĿ֣󷨣˵˵ʱؼ䶥ǿֹ죬󷨣ҲǽƬأꡭ
ϣûʲôبŲĶ󷨼ΪĿֲµ£ȻǳһЩƶӶܹĳЩطٶȳ룬ħ֮⣬һ
һƬɫƽԭƽԭǰͷռһŤ֮״Ƭƽԭ׵ķ뿪
ʱƽԭϣվǵصӰԶϵżٵƷ֮Ȼڼ׳µɽ˺
ݣ
Ӱھǿռǧ֮ĵط¶ΣǵڵȵӣֶˣȻҲС
׳ۡ
ڰգĿǼͷɽ˺ǲɵ죬Ƕ֮ϵʢ£ģΨкƵַݡ
ֶҲΪ𶯵ص˵ͷǵصӰУܹ޶ǿϢóԻˣ֪ж٣ɴȻǿƼ
ֶɨգȻͻȻ˲ԶһųӰЩ˵֮ϣĽҪء
ֶɨӰǰһȥر۵ӣ͸ķֶ֮΢΢һ
ǽڵĵӣΪ߱һˣ˳ƽѦ裬ҲǾԪʵ˵ѽڵġɾɹ׺ᡣֶʱԵӦЦЦǳ˵
Ŷֶüͷ΢ǡɾҲ˵˵ǲѷɫʾǿѧ
ˣԼǲԶĻµӣȵĵӣһΣһ֮ˣһѩŮӣȵͷӣΪéɽ˵ľǴﵽ˾ӡʦĵزֶΣĪ⣬ΪѲӦЦЦָŵ
ֶ˳ȥֻȺӰǰһȹŮӣŶòҲ൱ľ£ӡ̵ģȴһͷѩ׳紵ѩƮ裬һְξÿռ䶼ЩŤ
ֶΪѩŮͣͣȻתǷȷһŴ۵֮꣬ϣŹķģ䣬źųģ۾ȻҲһ鱦ңǴɢ񲨶Ҳ˿ǰǰ׷Ů
ӡʦ
ֶ΢΢죬ľͣӡʦĵز˵࣬Ͼ뾫ֶԪ֮ϻʱ䣬ҪһЩ
ǱߵģӦþǺĵ˰ɣ
ֶ̾һǿһŴıδ󺺣Ǻܶ˶ǳŸ첲֮ϣһɹɺİĲɢǿȥޡ
ֶһɨ󣬱ͣǰ΢һ£ΪǰһˣȴһΪݵӣվȺ뺷ǰͬСһ㣬ǷȥĻ
Ȼִֶ㵽ֻǳһ˲ɢȥΪӺЩδ󺺿ǰߵĿУܹһ־η֮ɫ
ţǸӣǺĵĴʦ֣飬βУһּΪǿĳ̶ȣ˵һԪǿսֱӱһȭ䱬зǱƣһȭˡӦЦЦ˵ͷ
ȻƼֶЦЩܹڸԵгΪ͵ˣ֤ǵ츳Լɴ˼
ӦЦЦͷ˵ɫͻȻһԶ̫幬Ҳˡ
ֶҲ̧ͷֻԶƷϢ󣬱ŴӰϣĳ֣ƽԭϿնʱЩɧȻһȵĿ۵˾̫幬ǰһѩٻӰ̤ʣ䳾ɣ
ֶ̲סӣֵʱǰעЩɫĵӣ붼ǽĿͶ˹ȥУβסͣǰ˵Ļȷ١
ף
ֶߣɨȻͻȻһȻĿ⣬ͣһϤŮӰᡣ
ʱŮŵȹòϣҲû˵ֵӣΧʦ̸ֵܵ䣬ǳЦ֣Ǹֶһ˵ֳԵúίֹǿŮܹǳˡ
Զʦֵ˵ᣬ·Ҳǲʲô̧ͷ߱Ͷ˵ڵķٽţǼºЦݽŵϤӡ
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΢һ£ϣʱžϲ뼤ЦݸֳȻǲΧߣԶֶ֡
Ǿϲ쳣ᣬֶҲ΢΢һЦ
ľٶȻҲǱֶԵЩڵ֣һ£Ŀݵؿǰߣôǵﶼʶ
⽻ѣҲ̫˵㡭ӦЦЦҲ̲סҡҡͷȻһԵӦߵںԵҶ죬ûһ㣬ֻϸСӦЦЦܹżԶԶ⣬ȻǶԴȫĲ⡣
ǰڰٳսʶѡֶЦŽһ£ȻҲһһֱ˵ӦΣСıµ˵á
ھ̫幬ҲΪľֹ΢΢һ£Ȼʶ
ţڰٳսʱֶ磬Һʹ¸߲ٳɽ˵ͷЦ
ֶˣֻԵͼȴΪ˰ٳսĹھͼȡԶſռʱ׽ٽԷ˵ġ֮ϣǳݵɫʣǵǿΧһЩееζǴûһھ̫幬λ顣
΢΢ͷëᴹӹһ˿ϸ΢ѹ£ǸһЩľҲЩ
Զֶ𽥵ؽߴӾ̫幬ջתͷһգԪŵˡ
£ڵӣɫ΢΢һȻ̧ͷƬա
ৣ
ǵ£ٵƷܿȻһƬѹѹӰͬһƣһΪ̬ԶռŤĵط
ӰʱֶߣҲǵһʱ俴ȺԪŵǰӰֱһֳϢϯò˶΢ɫ䡣
ԪСһΪɫĴڣ
Ϊɴϼصˣڴ˿̣


߰ʮ 
Ԫŵӣڰγķ󣬰Ĳϯһŵͳ˲Ŀ
ԪŵǰӰֱ˵Ϣ䲻˻磬ȴ޷壬Ԫŵ֮ǰ˲ӡ
ֶ˫ĿҲΪӰĳ΢΢֮УСǧǼߣֱǿ࣬һʵİӣֳһȣ΢΢ȶ䣬ȥǷ棬һ㣬ȻǴ͸һۻ벨ȴף޸֮ǾǴˡ
С桭ӦЦЦЩصضǰӣ
ֶ΢΢ͷͬЩأܹоС棬ƺǧҪΪΣգԪŵ治Ƕ֮ǿɣһ㣬ǴӸɵ֮һЩܹ࣬Ƴ
ԪСģȴǶˣǡСԪԪԡӦЦЦЩӣ˵ֵʱԴ˻ƣɴ˿ԿǸ֣ѹ
ֶĬĬͷţĿǿǧ֮Уһģɫӣ΢Цⷬģ˿ûֶ֮еǰ
Ȼӣֻ΢ЦվԪŵǰƬؼ䣬ȴĿϣǰĿ̶ȣ˿
ֶ˿ɴЩɵɫҲڼԪʱ΢Щ̫Ȼ˫Ŀ֮УŽ䱸֮ɫģȻǶΪļɵ
һĻֶòϣԪԵȷǿС֮ף鴫
Ŀ£һԪԣƫͷȻĿͶ˾̫幬ڵķ򣬵Ȼȷе˵̤ϡ
Ǻǣ˷̫幬ȻӣħײһЩԪǲӢȴΪͿϣɵøһĨЦݣº͵Ц
ò˵ԪһӣȻģ濡ʣ˵䣬ȴ崺磬֪䣬·еĽ䱸ǻ
Ԫʦ˵Цˣûǵȱ¡ԪԵĻ޳ë΢
£۹⣬ȴǲźۼƳһԶֶڵķ
ǫˣȫԸҶ޷ȡʤԪԺЦ΢΢ջأͷһƫǿ˵ڵڵķ
Ԫɲǣֶܹоеĵڵ嶼ǽһ£ӦЦЦ֣Ԫ̲סתһЩ
ӦЦЦ֡ǺǣءԪЦӦЦЦˣ
ֶˣɫԳԪЦȻºͣȴܹоº֮ӿѪ
ԪԼӦЦЦɫٶЦЦգĿ⣬ֶͣϣ˫΢һ¡
˵һٳսĹھܾԪŵ룬תڣڿڵȷǼ˸Сı˰
Ԫ΢Цһ£ŵֻҲáΪͷΪβ
ԪԵЦòٵڵŭ⻰˵ֶҲֻǵڳ䵱һͷ򣬶ȥԪţֻĩϯô
һ￴ºͣǻȴ룬̵˹Ӷ۵ġ
ԭҲڴ˿΢΢һ£ɵһĻԪŵĶԹ֮ڳûвģֻû뵽˫һ棬Ļ𻨰ӿֻģȻƴԪŵİ
̫幬ü΢һ£һԵᣬСȴдŵǣȻҲ֪Ԫ֮ӵĲ࡭
ͷβ½۵Ҳ̫һЩ
Ŀ£ֶϵҲû˿ľɫһЦҵͨǰһԪС˵ˣӵô
ֶ˻һ̱һЩȻ˶ľȣȻû뵽ֶȻԪԶײ
Ķѵ㻹ԱͨǧЦĳ
ͨӱԪնɱһ;ֳȵСЦص
Ԫƽܹһڵӳ֣⵹ȷǺ˴㵡ֶЦ
ô˻ǧüͷһ壬ϵЦݿʼе㲻ȻͨȷֻǵݣȴƵԪƽԳ֣Žնɱ£ºҲһЩг֮ԣԪ˵ҲԪŵеһĲ
ǧɫ̲סҪ˵ЩʲôʱǰԪԣȴ΢΢˰֣Ƕ˫ۣŵЦĽֶţֻǣЦ֮Уһɭ䡣
Щ꣬ûǵڵʰ
ԪһЦҡҡͷĿͬһ㣬شӵɨȻˡһɴǱรɡ
û̫¶ǵĺݻеĲ⣬ȴ˶ܹ
Щǵ˽˵Ҳ١
ֶϵЦݣҲڴ˿һ˿˿˫Ŀ֮Уźâӿ˫ƣҲǽ
֪һεɴ˵ʲôǱȫԸˡ
ϲǵʱһ㽫˻˵һ飬ϣǲǰһ仰
ԪԵһЦ󻺻ؽĿջأʮָķǰϤԸǧ˼״ȴЦֳ֪ÿʱ򣬱Ԫɱﵽʱ򡭡
ȻԪУѱֶɱ⡭
ڣҪùˡ
ԪջĿ⣬ֶҲջأƫͷһӦЦЦˣϣûΪֶǰŭԪԵľٶ˿ĲŲٵıɫ
ԪԣǶһǿôֶʵ
ԣӦЦЦһ£ҡҡͷһˣ
˭
ͨһ泽ӦЦЦ˵
ֶüͷ΢壬֣Ȼǵһ˵
κɵĵӣƺ㶫ˣû֪Ӱ˵ԪԽ֣ԪδȡʤһԵҲǿ˵

ֶⶫ򣬻ǲԻֻǲ֪ǳεɴǷ֣
ħҪˡ
ֶ˼䣬һԵӦЦЦͻȻ
ֶԣҲ̧ͷֻԶǿռϴʼۿɼħ򣬾Ҫˡ

ħڼ״̬ͬʱԶǧ֮һϣȴӹ
Сʦã̫żܸɴġ⣬һǰһǺһӰͻȻһ£Щεص
ڹӰͣٵɲǣǵӰ¶ֻӴȴŰŹߣȥԹɭɭ
̵ģǲȥͲҪңԼȥͺˡ
ȻǰǵӰȴû˶ͦţһŮٶȶȻӿ죬֮߱Ӷȥ
״ǹ֮˲ɵÿЦһҡҡͷֻѸٸȥԼ䣬˵Ľ̸
СʦҪȥô˭ܡҪô
ţ˭ҵ֪ˡҵҶᱻģʱ㰡ȻȥҾ͸ʦ㱣ܣ
ʦ᲻㣬ţðɡ


߰ʮһ ħ򣬿
ڰľ޴ƽԭ֮ϣŤĿռ䣬ͻȻڴ˿̷һˮ䣬һ൱ֲĲЩŤĿռ֮д
ƽԭϵ˺ҲΪⷬʶٶȱɧһĿޱȵĽŤĿռסΪϤһĻ˶֪ħס
Ϊ֮һ׵أΪԶŴԵʣħǳѰ˸ܴȥµţҲǳƶŵÿʱ䣬ķǻΪʱԱ߷ӵʱ
ڡ
µĲһ־˵ٶ֮ɢţԶؼĿռϣҲԽԽŤ䣬·ܹ͸ŤĿռ䣬Щ쳣ڰĴأһ䰵Ĳ
Ҫô
ֶĿ⣬ҲԴضƬŤռ䣬ƬشսĵطʵҲ൱ĺ棬ܹ֪Զ֮սЩؼ䶥ǿߣںʲôδ֪ս
ħʱϢһҪǻᱻɢӦЦЦԶԽԽŤĿռ䣬תصص
ǣ
ԣڵҲǳӦǵɫҲǽ࣬˵ħճ̶ȣֵطǶԱĳЩΣ򣬿¾Ǿһˡ
ǳʱԭ·أֶͻȻʵ
ħһط󷨣ʱ˴󳬼ɵĵӶǻ˷
ӦЦЦ˵˴Ĭһ£ŵǵִҲ͸ԪŽֵʱˣһɴʦΪڻڵӴӴˣԪŶ֡
һԵ֣˫ȭյø֨죬۾Уһַıӿš
ֶ΢΢ͷֵļȻٶʵħڣκ鶼Υأ㡭ɱ˶Էĵӣ
ɴͲһƽд裬һƬĥԡʩչʲôֶΣ׷𣬵Ȼ޵ۻȻᰵнϡӦЦЦ

ֶ˫ĿţǷģȴ˲֪оʲô
ˣ
ֶӦЦЦ˵䣬ԶĿռ䣬ҲŤ˼£󣬿ռ͵ըѿһռУ۳Ρ
ৣ
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ɧЩɵĵӣҲڴ˿̶ΧЩӰȣǸΪ򣬰ԪХֱǽɵеӰȥΪƬĺ⣬ռС
Ҳɡ
״ӦЦЦҲһ̤ǰÿһڵӶ峺
ǣ
ӦһɹۻԪʱڶЩԪڣΪţˡ
ߡ
ӦЦЦֻ£һ£αӶֶԼǴĵڵӣҲϡ
еĵڵӣǱŨĺ֮УǷģһ壬գҲڶĿע£ͶתĿռ֮У󳹵׵ʧӰ
ڵڵӽħ֮󷽣ȻԴԴϵ˺ǵصӽƷƽԭϿ
ħǵϿգף˵Ŀ⣬Ҳǰŵڵӽħ𽥵ջأһۣǴӶԷпЩԼһЩĪ
Ҳ֪һΣԪŶϣǻΣԪСʵһ֮Уȷ൱ǿᰡͳص
ҲԷƱԪŵǵЩСһҲ֮һΣҵڣͬһСš浭Ц
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һΣǿСԪСкֶΰɣǺǣҵͦڴġ
˶ӣеص΢һ㣬Ȼʱǣȴ޷񵽣ڴģڲ֮󣬱ǻѪչ𶯶򡭡

ڰɫԴ֮Ӷ쵽ߵľͷǷģ·գǱü˵İ˼ѹ֡
Ƭأ֮ΪҵĴս
ҲһƬڰĻԭԭԶʱʱػһЩ˴̶֮Уûκεеģִֻ⵽µɱ¾
ݣ
ƬԭžãͻȻ֮ϣȻѿѷ죬ЩѷУڶӰӶ̼䣬ǴƬؼž
ѷУһƬҲͻȻ󻺻µ棬ɢȥ¶ٵӰӦЦЦֶΪ׵ĵڵӡ
ħô
µ棬ڶڵӶʱ̲סĴȻǶƬ׹׵ؼΪĺ档
ħ򣬴˶ᱻռĴ͵ħĸԵش̫ӦòԪӦЦЦɨɨ
š
ֶҲ΢΢ͷħԪҲȷ£ʲôԹºɡ
ȶСģ
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ৣ
ֶЩڵص׵ħʱΧĴأͻȻľͺڴֱ̣Ǵӵ֮жȻڵӡ
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أ
أһ֮£ֱӱȻ󣬵ڵӱɫе㷢׵ļǱĵصУһͷͷڣͫɺħ֣ͬˮӿ˳
ħϡǵù˰
ӦЦЦ⺣ĺɫħ֣ɫ𽥵رѿû뵽Ÿոյִħ򣬱ЩѲĶ


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𶯣ϵرȥ˲Сĺɫħ֣ȴͬˮӿצ˸ļµĺâ䣬һּΪǿɢЩħ֣Ȼӵżǿ
ܵЩΪħϵħϮģȻֻǵɧȥãԶҲǴһЩĲҽ˶֡
һʱ䣬ƬɫԭʱüΪĻ
飡
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ڵھʼĻҺ󣬵ǿʼչֳΪɵӵʵ˴ϼ䣬ҲǽЩħϵĹƵֻһЩˣȻˣҲΣ
ЩħΪӴ󣬶ƤǺԪĴ¾͵ñǾʳˣ
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ӦЦЦҲüͷ壬Ŀ˸ţϵԡ
ЩĶôһȫܰü˼䣬һԵӦȴСЩغ
ֶԣĿȻǷƺӦڵĵطЩħϼԴԴϵسȥ˺һԪǿķצǵصضҪֶȥ
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ֶüͷӦȻֻߣȻûоѣɲţƾЩǻ۲ߵħϣܸӦһؼصݡ
ȻΪֻݣΪʲô
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ݣ
Ȼֶ˴׼֮ʱԶͻȻżΪ̶Ľ֮쳹𣬶һתͷֻԶ貵ĹâӿЩâֱǻΪһ޴Ĺ⽣һ̶ִĽɢֱһ־˵ٶȣ˺ϺֶƬϡ
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ӣҲΪڵӵĵ¶֮ɫ䣬ۻԪɢ
ӿֶˣ΢Ц½Ѧ裬Ǻǣڵѣ飬Ǻƽ䣬Σ


߰ʮ 
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Щʬö飬˫öֶ̧ͷŰеѦ赭ص
ֶĻӦЦЦһ㶣ڶһۺҲûгԷԡ
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ݣ
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УЩڵӼȻֱӾˣһ£ȻĿ⿴ǰѦ衣
ҲߣľħʬǶԸˣģôùսħ򣬱ЩֵĶѦ״ҧҧҲǹϣһת˳ˡ
˫Լͬطɢ˱ܣǵص֮еľħʬȴ类һĻվһǳ˵֮ϣɺ˫Ŀɨɨ򣬽ţ߱ڷɶֱӶŽڵӳ˵ķ׷˹ȥʣµߣкâ˸׷˵ڵӳ˷
ڰĻԭ֮ϣƬⱩӶһЩ˵Ŀ⣬ʱʱضźɨȥ
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ֶ΢΢ԥȻŮ۾ע£ջǵ˵ͷĺֶܶΣӦ֪˼䣬ҲһЩĬҿͬĻոСǲưոݵġ
ߡ
⣬飬ҲƬлͣ£ȻתңԶ޾ɱ¾ĺڹ⣬Ӷ


߰ʮ սħʬ
ݣ
ɫĹӰԶϯŨɱ¾֮˵ڵǰԶ
ħʬĳ֣˷ų׵ĽǸ壬ħʬ壬Ϊĸɿݣ·˿ˮֶڣָɿ£һּ˼ӲĿ֮УɫƤ羫䣬Źâ
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𣡡
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ߡ
ǾħʬֶƫͷӦһͺȣӳ˱ǻΪ⣬ŻԭһطӶȥǺ󷽣ǵħʬɱ
ڵӣ󣡡
ֶ˽һħʬߣӦЦЦҲдԪƬؼϯ

ӹʣԼʮӺȺԻԭ£Ȼתǽħʬ
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סһôֶƫͷӦڵķ򣬳ʵ
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ֶһ˫ϣŨĹâɢԼ䣬·һ֡

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ݣ
Ҳһ߱Ӷħʬ罻֯
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꣡
һջǳ׵ױ鿪ӦҲƺһѪǸֳ
ৣ
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ǵɫ壬ԭɱ¾ħʬɺ˲ɢȥȻҡҡλεĵ£Ϣ档

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ģ̫ǿˡ
ּ״ɫЩѿһͬΪԪǿ߶Ӳ䵽ħʬϣȴ˵Ĳ
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ЩǵڵĵӰɡӥԣһź۵ӣüͷ΢ԶǴĵӣ
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һȺĻɫҲҴҵڵ⣿
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߰ʮ ŲϢ
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ҵҲ񾪺ųֶħʬһ˶ǲ˺
ǺǣλֵĪĪֻ·ҵ˵ɫɲǼת䣬һۣæγСĺţͬʱһЩɣСӾȻ˵Ŀˣ

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֪λù֪ΪֹȻܹɹĿŲأ⣬ŲأԪҲ˺ܶ꣬һҲȻȥʧôΣλȥ˵ѾһЩİա
Ųأ
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Ųħ֮мΪļŲ֮һЩٳɶǶ仢񣬴˴ɴǷŲشҲȻ˵ĵطǹȥĻӦûԪײϡӦЦЦ
ײϱײϰɣ£ңҲԷŲȤĻӦûڹŲصֺ˼ǳֶ֡Ц
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ֲεǿߣħǶǽأħΪǵĽӡԶ󷨣ҲųǡӦЦЦ͵
ֻʵԽˣܵųԽСҲЩɵǿδħҪԭ򡣡
ԭԵʡֶŻȻ
ЦЦʦΪǷŲȥòֶٶʵϾӦЦЦָʹҪ׿ˣж
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ЦЦʦģԪҶ֣Ҳ˵ȫǵÿһӣ٣Сˣֶ
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šֶ˵ͷ
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ӦЦЦ״ҲͲٶ˵һǻΪӰӳֶ֣ӦԼڶڵӣҲϣΪƬ⣬ŻԭӶȥ

ŲأħвλãħΧŲ̵ľ룬ֶȫٸ·ҲǵҪʮʱ䡣
ΪѾԪһЩԵʣʮ֮Уڵӵǽҹ·ˣЧδܺõ̫࣬Ϊħ֮УЩѲħ
ΨһõֶɿʱħУûħʬʰĶȻĻֶרŶԸǵֶΣѰڵӣҲضԶԸ
ңĸ·Լħֲɱ䣬ڵ֮ĬҲԽԽߣҳּ䣬ҲûʼʧңȻֻĲɱܹ˾ḻ
·УֶǵҲٽħѰߣ˵ЩʵҲ㲻ȴٸ֮ǰҵǰǰ鷳ϾҲˣЩһĶӣڵϣǶԣŲС
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䣡
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ŶҪô
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ţŲ˴󳬼ɵ˷һŸǶڷŲ֮⡭ӦЦЦ˵ͷ
ĳ˵ɴҲʽʼ
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ֶ绹ô˷ܵصеĳ֮ɫԽԽŨ
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ڴ˴ΣѶԸ˰

ֶЦģǰǧЩѪĳ嶯СҲ֮ɫӿΨСԪԪԣɫĮȻ
εɴô׽ģֶңḶ۵ġԪԶֶЦ
ֶͬеص˵ͷϣҲǸһĨЦݣһ仰ԪԵĶɫ̲סرѿ
ϻ˵˵ĻǾͿŲذɣ


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ڵĵӣҲǺܿķԪĵӣͬʮˣҪ˵ֶıʵͣȻҲû˻Ľʵʵʵ
ƬգھݵĻ֮ҲǽԾѡȻٶƷһӰͬȳ㣬ضǳ֮ͶȥһΣȴδֹٻɻҽ¡
ߣ
ֶѡϣҲǲһȣȱӶһɵڵӣҲϡ
ʮӰӹʣŤռ֮ǳ磬ֶ֮ͫмٵķŴţڽһֶҲһȵĿ˫֮УͬһĨȲ֮ɫӶ
ŲأͬŲСȤȻ֪ǣͭ¯֮ڻĹƣŲأʲôϵ


߰ʮ Ŀռ
ֶ壬ӽŤĿռʱܹظоһּ˿񱩵ĳȣȻڱֳȣ·Ҫȼ
ߡ
ڵıʣûõֶ˿ĻţֳȻ񱩣׼ԣȻʲô鷳һԪӿֱؽֳȾѹƶ¡
ֶڵĳȲѹƶʱ͵طռЩҵļ󣬼æ̧ͷȻǾɵķ֣ԭһͬŲصӦЦЦˣȻڴ˿̾ʧȥ
֮ɫѸٵشֶи֣ԪתĿ⣬ʼɨܡ
ǰģ֮еĹŵȺһƬأ֮ϣһÿռ䶼ЩŤĸо
ǷŲأ
ֶüͷ΢ǰƬҽĳأ建ؽ棬һֿ񱩵֮ʴ壬֮ʴ£·ĶǱЩ
еı꣬ҲǱֶһʱ䷢֣֮תֱǽЩڵ֮ɶȥ
ЩԾֶƬӴĳأ֮⣬ûκһӰǰˣɲٰŲЩ򵥣ЩͼһˣҪʧˡ
ȻˣǱ㿴ŲؾˣʲôֶΡֶĿԶһЦֱǶԶȥ
ֶ߶ҲܹƬ֮ϣССĹ֣羭սһ㣬һЩɳУܹһЩһֻɢ
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ֶͷʱǰԶͻȻϸ΢ĽŲʱ̧ͷֻǷɳУһСӰЩǱ˳
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ʱǵСӰҲǼǰֶϱӿϲ֮ɫȻѸٵضǰ߷ɱ
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ͣ
źâذףĻȣֱֶʺڼеһֶ̣ɫҲ̺Ű羢Ʒ磬ˡ̴֮ϡ
أ
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ڹзײţͼӳȥײУȴԽԽ
ֶĮȻԽԽĳܹовûκǵĲЩƺ൱Ĺ졭
ۡ
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ʲôطֶЩɭǰһĻ̫Ĺˡ
ס˰
ֶӹһĨ⣬ٶ̧ǰҪطǴʲô
ʱУֶǻεƬռ䣬Ҳûгϣڼ̴֮ӦӦЦЦֵˣȻһһֻÿһεĳ֣Ƕֶ˵Ⲣûжֶʲôƣȴ𽥵ӿһĨаĵطƺڰļ临ƳЩ֡
أ
ֶһνһαװӰɢʱɫǱ쳣ЩƺԴԴϣô򶼴һ㡣
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ӰֶͻȻ̧ͷǰԶŤĿռ䴦һӰ֣Ƭ̺Ҳǳ׵سֶУٽţӱ̲סس鴤һ£Ϊ˴γֵӰȻǡ񡱡
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ֶȱӶһȭһɰ羢磬ĺ˲ԶֵǵٻӰ
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ڼֶƺǡҲӹһĨ΢ŭ֮ɫ𣬶̺ŰԪֱֶӲһǡ
飡
ۻԪ涼ǱѶֶΣҲΪֲʮľɫγֵĸӡߣʵô֮ǿ
ڸʲôֶ㵼䣬ٻӰüУһ˿ŭζ
˵
ֶٶһ㶣뵽ʲôɫʱѿ񣿡
ŹֵؿֶһۣȻ΢΢˵ͷ
״ֶɫʱһĨ֮ɫ֪ԼƺЩˡ


߰ʮ 
ղ˲ٱռ临ƳĻ󡭡һЩʶˣȻ󡭡ֶеεǰŮӣ̯̯֣Ľ͵
ֶһۣȻ΢΢£ûйڼƽϵ˼
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ˡ۹ЩŹֵضֶ嵭ص
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ֶЩãȻģü̲סһ£صô겻ô㷴ûǰôˣ
Ų֮УȻ󷨵ĴڣǣǱ֮УȻҲ֪ʲô󷨣ĺܶණȻӦĶʵʵ
ֶüͷҲ˻еҲǿʼһЩʲô
˵ЩΪԼں˼룬ԲŻֵô
˵ͷ񣬻ȻƣЩֻԼˡ
ֶȻû뵽Щ鷳ĶȻԴ룬ǵһĳ֣ƺҲڵ̴ǵʱ򡭡
ͦ󷨣û뵽ȻܹһֶȻ˵ü򵥣ܹľˮж٣ֶӣڽ˵οˣϾˣԸ
󷨵ĻֻһѣƬռУص֮Ϣһ壬ӰǣӶʧط񡣡˵˴еֵؿֶһۣΪƺƺû֮ܵӰ졣
ֶ̯̯֣Ϊ壬ν֮һǻᱻɣһ·ûⷽϵš
ĵطǻþʵڵģֶ̤̤ĵ棬һƳ̣
󷨵֮޷ֱʵá΢΢ҡͷͬתһЩʱ䣬Ҳʱûİ취
ʲô󷨣ܹڣܹߵӦûƽ󷨵ķӡֶ̧ͷĿ΢еǰ
Ŀռ䶼Ťģҵλãü΢֪ͬһ㣬ƬռҲŤǺѰߵĻֻõУ
ӦÿԣҵĻһߣһҲһԵ֡
ֶЦЦȻ̧ŶԶȥƬռķλȻΣƾڵʯȴܹоĳһżΪ޵Ĳɢ
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ԳĬգ֮˽Сʱֶǰ·ʯϵظӦռ֮ɢ޲
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ǰнᳬԽĿɡִţ϶Ŀ꣬һὫ䳬Խɽֱ֮ҲΪĿɣ治֪ǸеһǲỺص
쵱ҵ֮䣬ųԹǲֶͬü
ң˵ЩҲǽģͲңЦ
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ԲԣԹǲС
Цһ£Ȼҵ޲ңЩٸһλᣬҲȻǰ˵ڶ̶ʱУߵһͦġ
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ŮˣΪ
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ֶüͷһ£űɴڵգϷʵЦȴӿһĨеĿ⣬ܹõ˵仰ԸҲɽ
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ֶ״ҲЦջߣȻ˫Ŀ΢еǰŤĿռ䣬΢һ£ǵĿĵأƺҪˡ
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ô˻ҲһĨ֮ɫ̧ĿȥֻԶŤռ·䣬һЩӰӴ
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Ҳǰľʯ̳ͻȻһˡ
£Ŀ⣬˾ʯ̳һϸ΢ĽŲٽţӰǻֶ߳Ұ֮С
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ֶϤӰʱҲ𽥵ΪˣԪС
ֶʱԪȻҲǽǵϣӹһĨȻ֮ɫٽţһĨɭԼϷʣǻӿ
ʱֶУͶ


ٰ߰ʮ ȷ
ɳɳ
Ԫ˵ӰԼ̳һ߳ھֶлһЩʱͣ
ԪɫĮȻĿڿֶԵʱ΢΢һ£ſֶĿ⣬Ҳ
ֶ춼ùŶãȻֱӽ͵ǰСǧĿԹضֶʱɫɻЩ԰ף֮ǰǺ˲٣ȻҲЯһЩЧõ˵ҩ
СҲĿĽֶţҡΣһ߲Ƶģ
ֶԪˣɫͬЩ̫ÿȻûϵȻｫǸϣƣԣɲãԪֵĻҲضἫǱ
ҵͦҲġԪԿ˿ֶȴû֣ǵص
ܹһʱִΪŲйطŲصϢԪȴδϵǸոյִﲻãȻֶҲǳ
ǿ󷨿ռ˰ɣֶʼ磬߿ʯ̳
ڴʯ̳ʱֶ˫Ŀ΢΢һ£ָ̲סĻܹоڵʯҲڴ˿̷һصĲ
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㣬ҲǿһԵֶȻԪʦֿ֪δ
ǷŲصķУǹŲصػнŲصˣУǺǣֻлδȻĻҲԪ΢Ц
󡭡
ֶ΢󷨾Ȼûпˣˣжǿ
нŲصˣǱУģҿ󷨣̫幬ĵӣӦòġԪԺЦ
ȻһЩʶ̧ٵĶ¾͵лΪҽˡǧЦ
ô˻ֶɫ˲˫ĿɭضԪˣҵڵӳ£ԪŵӣҲ߳ħ򣡡
СͨûôʲôһЦ
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ϴСӽ˰ɣö¶鷳ǧԹ֮⡣
Ԫкâ˸Ҳ΢΢ͷʱֶײУǽ䳹׽ûᡣ
ԪԵͷǧԼҲɱӿһǳɰԲ֮״ֶΧģȻҪһ֣ͬѸնɱֶ˼
ֶһĻҲ΢ԪתڵʵҪԸǧһˣǵһսСͬʱ֣㣬Ҳ֪Բɡ
Ԫˣն쳣Ԫϯصѹȣֶ
ֶһӣһħʬǳǰʱȻҲǱ뽫ֶμ
ֶħʬ׼СһʱȻļվͻȻƶȻվǰ
Ǻ⣿ԪԼվֶǰ˲һ䣬
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ǧҲڴ˿̿Ԫһۣϲ£Ƕ˵Щ˼䲢ûʲôչԪȴѽΪȴǳҪֶ
˶һۣһЦ֪ǲ浹ãһ棬ԪǱɱֶˡ
ֶҪվŮôԪضֶص
ֶЩ裬Ƭ̺һϣԽ
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⣬Ҳϲܣ֪˵ҲӦҪ֪ڵң֮ͬǰǸһˡ
Ҫɱңۻ᰺Ǹġ
һĨЦݸֳ꣬ҧҧ촽꣬΢Сŵʱ޷ʱѡһòӵ踺أգʵЩˣЦˣɹġ
ͻȻ֮ģնɱ׵꣬ΪʲôӵʲôǱҲΪνԭΪʱ޷ʱչֳһ̡
ֶܹĳɹһ仰УҲܹоЩĥ֮Уصᡭ
΢˿գҡҡͷٶ˵ʲô
Ĵۣȷûз裿ԪԾӸµֶЦ
ȻЦֶȴ΢Цŵ˵ͷе˫գ޳ָ䣬öҰʯȻ֣һ޷ݵ޲Ȼӿ
ȷǣҪһô
ֶ̧ͷЦݲõԪˣЦ֮У䣬һĨӿֳ


ٰ߰ʮһ 
ʯ̳֮ǰ˶ţ֮Уһɽ亮ţ˵Уεɱӿ
ǣҪһô
Ԫֶ˻ʱȻҲٶȱ࣬Ŀضֶߵϣû˿ľ֮ɫһַ֡
ַõԪͫ΢΢һ£ڵֶʱеӣϲ﷭ǰֶȻʵΪǣ֮ǰ£õףǽԱֶ֮Ļ²Ĵ
ȻԪԲ֪ΪεһֶȻӲ䣬Ǿãֶԣƺѻʯ
ȻһЩ̵ܹĶ˵˵Ǿ䰺ֻۣԡ
ԪĿ˸ţѶϵˣֶֻԸҲ׺ߣͬǿڸ֮ˡ
ϴ󣿡
ǧĿ˸Ԫԣȴһ£Ȼû뵽߾ֶһ仰פ
ϴСӾٴѵ˿ⲻɣɱסˣǧص
Ŀ΢ֶһۣȴûж˵ʲôԪԵԸûʲôɵĻضᱻֶס
Ȳٿ󷨡ԪԵߣشֶջأص
ǧԣʱһ˵Ԫȴؿһۣʲôǽ󷨲ٿˣӳȥ
ǧԵһɣϴ˵ģȫ֮٣ȻҪô˵㡣Ҳǿ˵
ãǾٱQһᡣǧҧгݵص˵ͷĿֶ
ԪɫĮȻضֶƮȻˣ䵽Ǿʯ̳֮ϣ²ϲĲ˵ֶֶ̫οˣȴȻȥðһգѡʱİɱģֻҪȵƿأʱֶĵƣҲȻһ
Ԫ̳ǧ棬գĿĽֶţԪӿȻǲֶָ档
ƷôֶԪԵľٶҲǲ³ҪʲôǣϾȻûʲô֮ɫǷģ·𲢲֪һԪԳɹ󷨺һ㡣
֪֮ĺż̳ص
ʱŲص˵ƿһ֮䣬㵽ʱʲôֶǵڵӣһӲȥ
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ȷǷ࡭
ֶǷһĨȣ̧ͷǳգ૵Űɣɹ˵ġ
üȴûѯʲôƫͷڼ̳ԪԣʱĺߣϵشһۻԪעǾʯ̳֮С
䣡
ԪԵľٶƬʯ̳ͻȻͳĺ֮Ǿʯǻ䶯һǿҵĹ⻪ϵشӼ̳֮ͷų
е棬ǧ˼״жʱϲɫӿõϲƺûг
һӾʯ̳֮ϱЩ֯һ𣬷·γһ޴Ĺ
ֶ˫΢еǵ󣬹£պǽǼ̳ذֻһĻȴ۽һ£Ϊƺڱż̳ǡѹż̳
ЩԾֶŲ˺һЩԣ
ʱҲӿһЩأƺͬһʲô
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飡
ʯӦըѶһʱɢȥţֶµĹҲǶȻࡣ
䣡
ǹʱͻȻ̳ݺݵزһ£䣬ĳأƺѿһЩ϶
ô£УҲǾɵһĻƺƿ󷨺ֵ°
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䣡
һѸٵʧǼ̳ĲҲԽԽңúЩѿѷУ䣬źɫϢ
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ֶһ˵ϢѹĶûд֮߱ǰֲҲԲܹӦġ
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鷳ˡֶ͵̧ͷ̳֮еԪԣڲٿ󷨣̳ѹĶͷųɣ
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Ԫ䣬ǰһʯһĨԥ֮ɫջ͵һҧݺݵؽһ顣
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أ
ʯ̳ڴ˿̾رѶʯ䣬ĺҲǴǵصϯʱһ޷ݵа䣬ء
˵
ֶɫѿǳƴصаʱ̲ס˶Ȼѱѹ̳֮׵Ķͷ˳


ٰ߰ʮ ¯
ĺԼ̳֮ϯһ쳣а䣬Ҳ֮ɢ
ʲô
صĺа䣬ɫ̲סЩãаδġ
Ҳ֪һЩص֮ƵĲȣȴűϵĲֲ磬룬ͼκε飬ǳ׵ʴĨһ㡭
Զشսסƺ걻ûбɾһﱻӡȴǳû˳ֶ
شսס
üţô죿
ֶЦһô֪ô죿ֶɲܹӦġ
ʲôЦУֶͻȻȵæ̧ͷȻǼԪˣǶȥ
ŽӽԪҲȻϯȻΪĻ֮״ǺֶȥģǾȻ벶Ǻ
׳գ
ֶһĻɫʱֱһץסζȻˡ
ֶαʱϣǹĻصغ֮ϡ
ϰĶҲҶԱ֣ȻǱ΢
ӿһ쳣̶аĹЦʱϯ̺ۻԪĹĻһӴʱ͵ɢȥδγ˿
Ԫ˼ȻǹȫûЧɫҲЩ仯μæ
ͣ
ǵʱǺ֮Уʱɺ۶ɵĴֶ˱ץȥ
䣡
˼״ԪæХǵĹһӴǺֱԶıʴģȻȫûаЧ
˵ԶֶɫĮںĹԵЩǱˣһȫǾȡ
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ǰǰʶֶԥһ¡
ָܴ㡣
ЦЦǳɹĶֻأǺǣ治صĵӰ
ֶͷһ£֣صıȭǰģһػ
Ǳлл˰΢ЦɫӿһЩ뵡˫ĿҲǿʼرϡ
ǰɻֶܾ֮һĻʱæ
ƣЦЦȻ˫ĿջȫϣһɳֶС
ֻء˴ɡ


ٰ߰ʮ 
ֶӵȫ۾ĳˣܹоڵǳ׵׵ȫϾ
ڵˣúٶ۾ʱΪһΪִػĿܡ
ǰضֶģ
ֱֶȻ󹧹ضǰĳһ񣬾㲻˵߸ֹõֶ塣
ҲֻЩԶشٵǰǣܹӵʵĴ塣
ֶ˿۰ĵ裬һĨ֮ɫ£ŲУҲǰȫ˵õط
ڴ˴ڰɡ
ֶ˼ҲͲԥ۵裬졣
䣡
죬ֶɫɲǼǺܹоһ쳣ۻԪֱڴ˿ڱ
ͣ
ѸٵشֶӿȻѸٿ״ְ̬Ԫĳ
ڣ֮ϣҲɫƬ֣ϵǿڲˣֶȻܹоڴ鴤ʹУֳ£ϸ΢ĸ֮֨

ֶһһħʬǳǰȻһֶڡ
ʱֶȻҷԪȻĻ˲ӣ³ɺòȥ
һԪع飬֮УǵƴСԪӰҲʵһЩȻСһУֳǿ֮Ȼ
䣡
Ԫ籼ڵĺˮХֶ֫ٺһȣڿһ㣬ֶڡ
ЩڵԪžת֮չ˵֮ڵ֮ڡ

˰Ԫӿ룬γɵĺڶҲǼӿתٽţһε쳣ԪҺ壬֮ӿص䵽ǵԪ֮ϵԪӰ֮ϡ
ͣ
ԪҺ壬һӴԪӰɢһЩỊ̇ѸٵԪ񣬶Ȱ罽࣬ǵƴСԪӰҲ𽥵رʵһЩͬʱԪʵʱԪǵԪ֣ҲɢŵĽ⣬һЩҺգʱ֮øΪ
ʱֶڵһһŰ׹ⲻϵº͵ĹâЩԪԴͷһɹɾ˵Ԫϵشӿֹһ㡭
֮ڣһö۴Сɫ裬ת䣬Ԫӿ
ö裬Ƿ˵ʱǲ࣬ƾʵһ˿ڵֶԣǰ纣ŵ̺֮Ԫǳ׵ͷſֶ컯Ҳ԰űΡ
ȻΪҪǣǷ˹Ϊⵤֶû˿ųԣԵüΪºͣҲûп񱩵ͷԪֶ鷳
һ㣬ֶʱжǷٶȶһмԺܹﵽֻ̤ص̶ֳȣȻҪٻص˴ܷ񽫷˾ѡ

һᴭֶ𣬶ǿʼרעǰԪ
ֹ£֮еǵԪӰҲʵƯȻǿ˲١
Ԫ𽥵ʵУֶͬҲܹоʵһϲ˵ٶȣѸǡ

䣬ʱ䣬Ҳգ۱
ɽ֮ϣ갲䣬һɹɰۻĲϵɢʯɢȥ
ʱǰһŮӣʱһӣ֮е꣬űɴڵϣһЩĪ
Ǳء
˵ڶԴֶʱȻ䣬ʱ֮ʱȴǱ¶һЩľ
ûκһŮˣܹһռԼ׵徲ӡ
ԼգУŻɫʣĿⶢǰӣ֮ǰȴԵ쳣ִŵ꣬Ŀʼغϡ
ڵǵҪͼǿߵ·֮ǣһͷʼ߷ɣջ쳹ӥ
꣬ջߵһһĻ϶һĨЦ֣Ϊ֪ͦ˲ġ
ţ
̸Ц䣬ͻȻһ䣬̧ͷȻǼǰǽյ˫Ŀ֪ʱҽεضס
߶ȻЩֱֲǵֶͻȻ˫Ŀʱе㷢㶡
߶ֶϣͻȻһĨЦݣ㶼䣬ϵıɴ
ɴ䣬һþĶǵգǵֶͫǷ֮ɫֱֶϣһĨ̾ľ֮ɫ
㣡
ɴŻعǵ˫ʧȥ˵Ȼ֮ɫʼӿһĨŭ֮ɫæˡ

ֶ̧ͷҫ£շŮӣһ̣ǳŮ·˷ˡ


ٰ߰ʮ Ԫ̾
ĸŮӣշ죬ԭ˫֮УʱȴǳŭǷ֮ǡ
㡭
ŭĽֶţȻЩ޷ź߾˵
㶢ţֶҲǻعͷɵΣǰһʱֿ죬ûйʲôڰϱɴʱԼʲô
£ȻҲûʲôãֶֻܸЦһ
֮ϵŭûг̫ãʵЩʱҲǺܿȶӺݺݵعֶһۣȻٶȡɴûþĶǰոס
´־ͱҪˡɴٶգֶһۣص
ֶЦЦףǻɴ͵ðνˣֹⷬҲֶܹ֪УֶλãӦ볣һЩ졣
ȻⲢ˵ϲֶɵԼûô£츳ȻҪڼ˸ŵУҲ̫ĳʣֲ죬źܴһ֣Ϊ֮£֮࣬һЩֶЩĸı䣬ҲЩ졭
ֶϵЦݣ΢΢ҧҧ˵ȴǲһɼΪ񱩵ĲͻȻǰϯ
٣
ֲܵİĲһ£ĿصؿֶһۣһʱıչأջǲС
ô
ڵĲʱֶϣҲһĨЦӿֳһٶȱĿ治ϵ˸ţ䣬ŵͳڴ
ֶ˷ıĿԼСʱңȻע£˫ۣͷϣЩϸܵĺˮ͸
㶨ˡֶЦЦ
Ŷ
񵭵ص˵ͷӴֶתƶеŲСľ죬ڰ˴ε٣˵Բɹʱ˲ٵʱ䣬Ҳûֶɡ
ڰԪˡֶվȭͷգȵڵϲ֮ɫ裬ȷż棬ҼһͻƣȻܹȻ֮УֻǵȰ֮ڵ޷ա
˴ηŲ֮УôǱȥˡɨһֶ
ֶԣҲ̲סЩʧЦҲǣ֮ǰ˵Ų֮бڶ֮࣬󣬲֪ﲻû٣һ鷳
ò״ӷӳ˱ͷųĺһЩùļһΪ˸һСΪۡ
ȻڸôĴۺ˶ֿտյǱ˴˵أ˵ƺջҲֶһЩˣǱûͷ
Ҵ˴˶ãֶתͷʵ
졣
ôֶ΢΢ͷ߿Цô뿪
ʱ䣬ȻһֱڸԭҲЩȥȥž̫幬ĵӣǰװ׵˷ʱ䡭
вԶĶ̽һ¶ѡתص
ֶЦЦҲûʲôЦ£ֽһ䣺лˡ
Ȼ˶û˵ֶȴף£һΪ令˼Ȼǲܵκεĸţٶõֶͷеů⡣
ÿɷ񣬵ˣǱ߰ɡ
ֶ˵ͷվĿһʯķ죬ٶȹĶһ
ǰպܴﵽ˵һضѣ
£ֶҲͲ˿ĳɣתӳȻԶлڵĿռзȥ
һʧȥķ죬һ˼֮ɫһǰֶͬʱӽռУѸٵʧ
˵뿪ƬȺɽ䣬ٶȱüžϣȻء

֮УһƬռ䶯ţΪռУӰҲһǰһзӶ
ֶգĿ֮ɨԭɽ˺ʱǾȥȥӰȣԶûǰЩʱֻ𱩡
˶ˡֶһĻɵЦ
ţ뿪ħĵطŰµ·̣ɵӶٶȿʼɡ˵ͷ
㲻Ͻȥִֶ֣
ȺЩͳ֮ܣʱܹӦ棬ʵҲֻҪ̫鷳Ӧ¡񵭵ص
㣬ǵԪŶԹҲ㲻ڵʱԪǶǵڳ֣
̴볽ӦҲЦЦʦǣгڵĻԪԻɵһЩδʱӦò׳֣ϾħҲ̫ƽһùЩħ֣Ҳͷֶۡ
ȻΪ˱ǵøϽضӡ
ֶЦЦȻ˻֣һߣ
ԣȴ΢΢ҡҡͷħһ򣬵߰ɣһһҪȥ졣
Ǹ򡭡ħħĵطȥʲôֶķüͷɵһ壬
ҷĵĹżϢħһ̫ɳءԶʱһλǿµĶ
һ£˾̫幬ľɾѧʱ˲ӣ˼˾ڸҪ̫ɳءԼɾĺ֢
ֶ㶣ȻûھȻˡ
ΪʲôϾ̫幬ĵӣɲȥֶü
ΪȥǣҲãν񵭵صҲûٶ˵ʲô֮£֡
ڴ˴ֱɣ󴦣ټء
£ҲûٳɣֱǻΪӹʣƬ̺Ȼͣ٣㵵תͷȻǼ󷽣ݵ꣬ȴǽϣŲõЦݸֳ
һŮȥֵطܾ̫û˵㣬ԣһɣ˳ҸĻ᣿
ϵȻΪѵ̯̯֣Ц


ٰ߰ʮ ̫ɳ
ħڰ֮ɫأżŻ谵ĹתۣǱڰɣңԶʱʱű֮䣬صݡ
ݣ
ӰԵͿѸٵطӶΪܲϵɨţۻԪ
Ӱ֮ǰǷŲ֮ͬʱֶ񣬶ǵĿģȻħ̫ɳء
ֶĸ棬Ȼмִ㵵ģʼʱȻҪܾģԸϲǷ飬رǵ˻ֶʱеЩԽܡ
յǲõЦʱ֪ʲôľܾǱȥ
ԸȻƽ˽Ҳ嵭Ȼ嵭ֶǰʱܹЩͬһ㣬ϸ΢ȴȷš
ϸ΢ԴͷȻҲ˵ĸӹϵ
ѾħħֽǼΪ⣬ħȻ鷳ǻСһЩˡӰӹԶһ£ƫͷֶ˵
ˣֶһ£ȻеȻɵҲ
ɵӡҡҡͷħͬŲٵԱߣܹ뵽ģʵǷ֮Ƿ򣬻ǿߡ
ЩʵǿǴﵽҲ˿֣ЩУֻбֻҪӵ㹻ĺôǶԳɵĵӳ֣Ҳԥ

ֶͫ΢΢һ£ħȻЩ˿ɱˣĲΣǷЩУҲܹӵŲ͵ĵλ
ħУȻʵԽǿܵųֻ֮Ļų⣬̫ǿҡ
ǾˮˮɴҲ棬˴ķΧԣǵСһЩ
ֶͷܹƬˣɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣҪֵĻǻЩ֡
аʱ䣬Ǳִ̫ܵɳڵĵطǵطΪأ׵ر֡
⣬̫ɳأÿһʱ䣬Ż֣ʱ䣬ӦãҲüӿʱ䣬ñ˽ȵǣȻͦء
ֶٶȵͷڣͻȻһ߶ȻǰңԶĵ棬żΪ񱩵Ĳ
ǡ
ֶ˫΢УȻǼǿ񱩲һͷμΪӴħɢڴʱǰգһӰնһĹͬкֱǽͷħѹöá
ǿʵ
ֶһĻҲž֮ɫӹͷħ֣ҲӵžԪʵȴܹȫѹƣóʵҲھԪ塣
ҲħѰߣߣҪڴ˴Ǽɻ䡣ԶԶؿһۣ
ֶͷٶȵǲֱǴԶս֮˹ȥ
䣡
ƹʱͷħҲǺȻأһ췢ӽնɱȻҲǿֶˣŨŨĽ䱸֮ɫţħڳһУѸٺˡ
ǿֶ״ЦȴЩأǰˣɷȻ־켣ϵˣѲģħѰ߶˵Ļһ˳ͻǿеͷۡ
˶һۣǿ˶ԷеأһٶȣԶӶȥ
˵Ŀĵؽаʱ䣬;Ųħֳû˵ֶ˵ִĿĵʱǹȥ˴չ⾰
ˡϸָָǰڰгֵһƬɽҲڴ˿ĵһ
ֶĿȥǰһƬɽǺڰ֣֮ԶԶȥͨڵԶ֮̾ᣬ䣬ųűħд
߰ɡֶЦ
Ϣħ٣ǱΧĻҲֻ롣ѵ
š
ֶͷشһ֮ɢԪâ˱ĵӽӴɽ֮С
ৣ
¾ɽ֮еħֶ֣ٶȽǷ࣬ʱʱĴɽгű塣
ֶ벽Ҳڴ˿̳׵Ķ֪ܺڰеϸ΢
Сĵ㡣
ɨľͻȻһ£ֶһͻȻһץס⻬ȴǰĳһͷͨڣ˫ĺڱߣԶԶȥһʯ
Щħ֣ħħȻܹΪΣǰ񣬶δܽ
š
˵ͷ谵Уһֶһۣ߼״ҲЦЦɿصָв
ֶСǱУбһ˿ŭһؿһ£ҲͲֶӳƹǰ˫ħɽ
ֶڻ谵֮УȻԵٻӰǲɵÿЦһƽյãÿοʱ̲סҪ˵㻰ƣ뷨ʵЩȤζһ㡣
Ц䣬ֶҲٶѸٵظǰСĴɽ֮У·Ҳ൱Ĺ죬ԼСʱҺǰĻ谵ͻȻ࣬һɽȣֶ˵УɽڣֶܹоһּΪ
ӰȰɽɽڣ߿ȥֻãɽһֳˮ˸߲ʰĹ󣬹âɢɽȣҫۼ
Ǿ̫ɳˡ
̶߲ʰĳˮϣظĶЦݸֳ


߰پʮ ֵ
ɽ֮ϣֶҲͶУȻͣǳ߲ɫĳˮУЩ֮ɫӹȻû뵽ⱻħʴħ֮УȻ˴
˵̫ɳԶһλǿ֮أǺأħʴͬʱҲγ̫ɳءһԴ
ħأʵǿֶת̫ɳǰĺڰϣһͷ޴ĺɫ̾ᣬͷ˸źâˮֱǽϵʯʴȥ
ͷϣֶܹоһɼΪĲ²⣬ߵʵ˿ڰֻ̤ǧ
ֶΪѲЩħֲǣֻƾűɱ¾áֶ
š˵ͷҲֺ֪ηħһüΪ鷳׽Ļݵġ
ֶһӣħʬֳٿɽеĹߣüͷͻȻһ£۽ƳƳڰĺ󷽡
ôֶɫɵʵ
ûʲôֶԥһ£ҡҡͷһħʬǱӶڰʱǸһȭһ磬ֱǺݺݵغǹ֮ϡ
أ
ͳԭеĹҲǶȻɺͫŭļХͷ֮дȻ̺ǿҸʴ֮ĺڹ⣬ħʬȥ
ħʬνýڰӣЩڹ⾡ܿȻתɽ֮ȥ

ħʬӴܣǹŭХû̫ǵȻ޷˼ֱƾеķŭܣβڶΪһڹ⣬׷˳ȥ
¡¡Ѹٵشɽ֮дԶԶ뿪Ƭɽȡ
㶨ˡֶ״Ц֣ͷӳȻ̫ɳش
ԳԶ£̽ˮҲһĨϲ
㡭ܲܰڹȿһЩʱ䣿̧ͷǶ嵭˫֮УʱȴһСŮζĽߡ
Ŷáֶ㶣ǸЦ˹Ȼתȥ
ֶȥıӰ΢΢һժɴأһֻͻȻ̽һѽ䶯
㣡
ͻıʣõһæתȻǼٶصֶϣŭɫӿ
Ǳ˶ˡȻŭֶߣȴǿɽ֮ĺڰص
ʲôô˻üʱ֮Уź
λĸôãҲ˰ɣֶԶĺڰ
ǰʱĸоһЩԾָоΪϸ΢ΪǴڸղҪʱٶȲԶڰУһЩϸ΢Ϣ
ȻǾֻбǳˡ
ֶɰĺڰкһһ۳ɷƬΪⶸȻ

Ƭڰ֮Уʱ֮ӿڰɭִضţһӰֶ΢Ŀ˳
ٺ٣СӺĸ֪ȿϷӸµŹеˣЦ
ֶˣǽźۣģЩ񣬿ȥƺֵܣģпɣֻ۾ȴǲϵε֮ϣϸֵЦݣҲǿһ˿ζ
ƯŮˣֵܶ˼ŮҲ֪ж٣ǼƷһĿ̰ͣǷźϣЦص
ԭֻǲߵû뵽ջ񡭡һҲǵͳЦ
ֶ⿴൱Ķˣ֮ɢĲõף˽ִڰ벽̤ǿߣʵ˿ǧ
Ⲣûõôʱаļɵˣ񷺺ضˣȻɭشд͹
ɽ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢УӿضֶЦһԪСӣҲҶǰ˵⻰ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ˣС㱾£ɱ㣬ֵܣʱ̫ɳҲãٺ١
һһᱡЦգҲǱ˪ⷬģǿǰ߶ͷ
˰ɣ̫ɳسֵʱޣˣԸֶƫͷձһĨɱЦݡ
ɱ⣬쳣Ũֶ֪Ϊʲôлɱ⣬Ǹǰһһ
Ӧħֵܣϴսұߣ϶Ƕǰ벽̤ǿߣҾ˵ֶ׺ݣԺɫҲһЩͨǶħУҲЩ޿κΡһɣԥһ£ǰˣʵǲǧֶһ˵ĻӦЩ
ǿûһʱٵˡֶЦǴΣ̫ɳؾ͵һ²Ż֣ΪɴԵʣȻͣ
СģҾ
ԣҲЩҧֶ˵ͷһ̫ܽɳУΣһŰɳٽţɫȹƯ
̫ɳأֶЦݣҲǿʼ˫Ŀɭתɽ֮ϵˡ
ٺ٣˱𼱣ֵܶ˱㡣
ֵܶĿ̵Ƿ̫ɳأȵ
ˣȥ»ɡ
ֶλڿնһЦ䴽ǸֳһգһƴСĳ춦¯ֶ
ǰˣȻǳ׵ļֶеɱ⣡


߰پʮһ ۵
ٺ٣ͷЩСӵһһſˣСӣҲʲôͷû˹ʲôﶪСû֪˭ɵġɽ֮ϣֵ֮еϴսնֶɵЦż
СӣʶĻԼٹһǵҶүŭѣҲЦ
ֶĮȻЦеĶˣҲǷϻг춦¯͵رǿҳ󣬶¯ӭ籩ǣΪһʮӴľ޶
˶¯Ȼֶӷķ춦ǻʵĴԪֶ֮ҲۼǺǱ𣬵Ȼڵֶͬǰ㣬߷ֿµܣԶ¯ҲԶԶδܴﵽյ̶ֳȡ
ˣ춦¯ʱȻż˾˵ĳȲϵϯɲǼ䣬·Ƭص¶ȶǻࡣ
ৣ
ֶһӣԪֱǹע춦֮Уз·ŻֲĿꡣ
շڽ춦ֶʱǽеӡǶĨֶҲܹΪɵĽٿأȻڻﲻ¯ĵزʩչҲɬ
ֵܶ˵ɫҲΪ춦ɢĲһ£˵жȻŨṴ֮̃ɫӿ
ȻǴԪ֮
ս촽̱ñǰʱҪȣǳ켣ħȻҲ൱һ۱Ƴֶеķ춦ضѰ֮
Ǹ˵СӣоȻرѹָҶǰſ񣬺ٺ٣Ȼѱ¶˳ǽҲˡսЦ
һԣҲһЦ쳣ԪشϯĿⲻƵĽֶš
ҪǾ͵ÿûⱾˡ
ֶȻҲǲǶȻ̰Ŀ⣬һЦֻȴɭ
СӣӲˣսЦһۣһ˼ͬʱΪӰӶһȭպǰըѣ׺磬ֱӶֶֶȥ
ս˳֣Ȼû˿̽Ĵ㣬ҲûΪֶԪʵСȻֹħ켣Щ꣬Ǽ̫ΪӶֶ﷭¡
ֶ֣ѲġˣֶڼһĻʱҲǶһЩأȻᣬ˶ս̬ȴòСһЩ
䣡
ֶ֮չȻһαˣͬʱӡãǷ춦Уһʱֱǽȭ羡䱬ȥ
ǿĹ
ս˼ֶƾŰԪʵ߶Ƿ춦Ȼܹ׵ؽǹнһĨǱΪṴ̃⡣
֣
һ£ս˼˲䱩һ֮£ǳֶ࣬׺ݣһƺ
ϻƣ
İԪƼۣӰԼ磬˲ֶҪ
ֶڱӿɫҲѸֶ֣˫˫ȣҲڴ˿䶯ͣһһգԪڴ˿̺ޱĺХ
أ
ɫȭû˿ֱӲսƷӲһ
ײ֮񱩵ľϯֶαʮ֮˸ľ
ʹ죡
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ҽϯʱսĲҽҲǶȻ쳹


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ֶ߻֣һӰǱӶȻĿɿڴļâǵصбӶǹ߾֡

ֺĹƣͷ߶ʱХһѪѸӴϳ֣ܿģһͷʵǧĹߣǱ䡭
ֶڰգ³ҵޱȵĹߣٿϵıʼһʱͻȻЩͷƤ顣
Ůжŭĺ


߰پʮ 
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ɽ֮УӴĹߺȻأѪ涼Ⱦ˹ȥѪȵζȻɢš
嵭԰£Ȼ̫ɳشַˮϴȾѪĳ
ֶĻɵӣʵŭòᰡҲܹ⣬ǽջ˵Ļֶұ֤³ǹܹ࣬ϵսߵˣϣҲֶֻˡ
ĹϵȻõ˶޷ԷΪ˶ԴҲֶԽ֮õԴͷ

ˮԳ£䵽ˮнͷзǰգ̲סҧҧ촽䴽ǣƺǻǰ¶ȡ
Ǹһ㲻ϵشԭˮľ
Щ֮ǰ£ǴԭĹ켣ΪӣӦܹʦ˵羵޳ľ磬һĻˣȴжһ
ʹʱ䣬ԭΪԼ֮ʱǵЩӰȴǼз꣬ҡҡλεȴ쳣ٶȴҰ
۵֪꣬䣬׷ĽŲ֮У仯˲٣֮ǰһްִţȴδܱŵʱĥ𡭡
ǰһǰǵǱ̵꣬ڣȴǳΪ˵һ֮Ϊܳĵӣĳɾͣһܹμ⡣
ֽɱ䣬ʱԽӣ֪ˣҪٴ𣬿ɲʲô򵥵ˡ
촽Щӣϸ΢Ų΢ɲĽ˽еĸӣҲǱѸٵ
ֶԺȻƫͷӵŵߵյĲͻȻЦЦǵǰ˵Ļô
ˡ޳Ľë΢ص
ǰ֪Լ֮Ĳ࣬ƴһеŬţ뿪ҲǶ뿪׳ǣȻһĥʱĿ꣬ɱ죬ԼٶվǰˮԱߣ̧ͷЩѹѹգЦŵ
ҲҪҫʲôֻ˵ǰҵжܹǴġ
Ϊ¡
ϸָԳϻƫͷһЦݵ꣬ĬãΪЩƴꣿӦ֪;УźܶΣʧܣûдͷĻᡣ
ҳɹˡֶһ򣬴ٳսٴ֮йȻգɹˡ
˵˯Ůˣһҵģ⻰ȷǴ˵㣬
ֶЦЦĿȴֱֱض񣬵ҵŮˡ
ৣ
ˮ䣬ȴǴźֶָʺ䣺浱²֣
ֶû˵Ŀⶢ޼ɵû˿Ҫļ
ҧҧ˳գ⻰Ժ˵ɣǴʦУǵڵӣҲɱ㡣
ֶüͷ塣
̫幬ÿһľ֮羵ǳǵ£Ǳʦ֪ӣضΪĨг
ֶ㣬г
ʲôľֶ֮üͷ壬񣬵Ϊ⳾Ĩô
ȻΪһ£ԭΪи룬ʱǰֶע£ȴЩԿڣԣֻãȻҡҡͷҲ֪
Ҳ֪˵⻰ǲҪ֪Ѷˣ϶£չ鲻ı䣬ʦҪǾ͵ұñʦǿȻֱӰӾ̫幬ˡֶشȴǸһĨЦݣЦ
ȻǱֶ⻰ŪЩЦãЩҡҡͷʦǵӦӼˣ֣϶Ŀˡ
ֶЦЦҲͲٶ˵ʲôָܹͬܵľʵ൱٣ڶԴԼʱûͬԴǰ㵭Ȼ룬ĳ̶ֳȶԣһĿʼ
ǰصףллˡ
޼ɵֶȻһЩҲǰһһת
ôȥǶģֶüͷ΢壬Ҫ˵ĻȻڳбˣȥصס
ǾߺǣӦǾ̫幬еԨԴغյһЩû뵽ҪӶҵüҲ΢
еԨԴֶǾߺǴڵʱ䣬ȻԶȾ̫幬ΪľԶӦûֱӵϵһЩѧ֮ϵԨԴɡ
ѹӡ塭
˵ͷܹоڶǵӡ˵ҲһСĻԵ
̫ɳأԺҲʧȥЧˡֶЩϧǰ̫ɳأе߲ʹ𽥵ɢţ̫ɳܹħ֣ȻΪԶźǵıӻ񺡹ѻΪҽԺҲٶȱħʴ
˵ͷվҲ߰ɡǰĿǴﵽȻҲû˼ͣá
ֶԣҲЦŵͷһӣһڹԶǬУǰ߹ߵħʬ
պħʬҲҪθոӳʱɫͻȻһ£һУһǰռӽС
Ǿ̫幬Ԫţʲôô
ӹǵ⣬üȻָڹǰƬ̺գȴǳ˱仯
ôˣǵ˳ˣֶ״ʵ
ǡ
ҡҡͷֶԥһ£ƺԪǶԵڵӶˡ


߰پʮ ս
仰ﴫʱֶܹϵЦݣʼһ˿˿һļµӿֳͬʱɭɱ⣬Ҳ֮ӿ
ô£ֶͳص
ǰƺԪڵĵײˣȻΪһЩĦˣٽţԪǱˡ
飬ôӦԪ£ϾڵʵҪһЩԱֶڣԪţӦҲһЩᷢչбضٲԪŵӵĹΪ
˫ֺ󣬵ڵڶŴĵ£ȥԪ׷ᣬ̲סˡ
ڵӿֶʵ
ڵǱߣųæʱԪԣֵ˲Сѹ˵ǳһЩһ£ջû
䣡
⻰£һɱɷȻֶڱӿɫڴ˿̱ø·ܹЩڵ֮ĲҽԼԪŵֵĲЦ
Щ飡ֶ΢΢ţɫ֪һȴû뵽ԪžȻôͲסӣʱ򣬱ǿʼ֡
Ԫڵ֮䣬ǽɱʱ䡭򣿡ʵ
ֶ˵ͷ̧ͷڰıɺâ˸ţףȥĿ¡
ڲ֪ڵӵľ̴֪Ӧ֮䲻˭⣬һΣѪϴԪŵӣ
һʣ
Ѫֶ֮ɢֱ壬ħħ֣Ϊǿʢ
Ҫʱ䣿ֶʵ
죬ȫٸ·ĻӦþܹ׷ǡ룬
߰ɡ
ֶ΢֮ǴչҲûٶ˵˫һαǻΪһ⣬˺ѺڰضԶʱӶȥ
ЯȥֶҲ̲ס΢΢˽һ˿֮ɫһεɴʼ֪Ԫ֮ǾԺƽˣһεɴʧأʦ㶼ǱԪΧɱһε±ϴΣҪʤ֮
ɴԪ֮ĵԪռϷĻҲ˲Ԫŵӵ棬һ졭ȴЩͬ
һɴԪŵӹȻҪǿڵڣΣȴǳһֶ
ƽպƣһۣȴܹһɱļһΪ˽ɴ֮һ
ԪΪΣḶ൱µĴۡ
ǰֶǳӣ֪ǰ׷ɱúε꣬ƺҪˡ
һɴٲһѪɺӡ
̾һҲͲٶ룬ۣ֮ȻҲǻΪһ⣬ǰֶѸ׷ȥ

ݣ
谵֮ϣһ־˵ٶȱӶǵȸɵķѹֱǽ涼һĺۼ
⣬Ȼһ·ħֶ񣬾뵱գյ·̣УǼû˿ͣЪ
ֶ棬֮żȶٶȱǻᱩ࣬ʱӣȻ
ո·У;ҲһЩμɴˣЩ˵УֶҲǻ˸ԪڵӽֵϢ
˫սһ׷һˣ׷ģԪŵĵӣ˺ģȻǵڵĵӣȻԪŵ׷ʹ򣬵ڽķţսˣ˵ǻڿصȴţȴǸܹԪս˹
ֶѿҪִﴫ򡭡Զһ£ȻԵֶ
šֶ˵ͷǲٶ˵˵Цһ£ڣȴû˿顣
Ҳֶʱ飬ڳһ£֪Ԫŵ֮Ľֲɱ⣬ҪСһЩԪԴˡ
ţֶһ£üͷ񣬵ʵӦǴСɰɡ
ɴһУﵽСɵˣֻˣǱԪԣԼ
СɣȷѶԸʱǽֵĻֶõ󲻵Ĵۡ
ԪԵʵȷСɣܹΪԪС֮ףֶͬΣʱҶĸоһЩΣգǱǰ׶ԸҪ֣ҪСġ
ֶ΢΢һʵԪӦ£ȴܹеΣգԪԣҲ򵥰
лˡ
Ҫȥ̫ɳأԪӦҲڳֵġ֮УǸ֮ɫ
ڵĻǻôáֶҡҡͷĿԶٶ
׷򣬿ҲҪҳ棬ǺǣԪԣǺ֮˰
ҲáȻôűΣǺúһ棡
ĶעСһΣǵעɣѪֶ䣬һ˿ζ

ħ
һƬʯ֮أһСһɽ壬շ㣬ܣ䣬ɷɽɢؼ䡣
ʱƬʯ֮֮Уȴɽ˺Ŀ⣬ǻ󷽣ǵصƷ֮ٽţǱǼٵѪ֮ӰǵҰ֮С
ǵڵ
ؼʱһЩ𣬲ЩУȴһЩ̾Ϣζ
ЩԪŵ֮ĻƴȻͬĴħ
ͣǵڵǰӦЦЦͻȻ£һӣȵ
ৣ
󣬴ĵסҲž֮ɫӿֳ
Ǻǡ
ڵڵͣʱǰһɽ֮УȴͻȻŵĮЦȻɽ֮ƷһӰ˷ɰԲ֮״׵ǰ·
Ԫԣ
ӦЦЦĿɽ֮վˣֶʱա
ǱƳû뵽ǼһȻǺǣ̰İȫˡȻҵŭ𣬾ֻˡ
ɽ֮ϣԪ΢ЦԶĵڵӣ˫Ŀ֮Уɭɱ⣬ӿ


߰پʮ Թ
ɷƬʯ֮Ͽӿһ̣·Щ̡
뿪ħĴǲԶԻ˵ɴĩβʱΣܶ˶֪ĺϷڲſ
˴󳬼ɣ֮䶼ž˴˼ҲǶ֣һ˵ЩƣԪڡ
ԪΪΪǿĳɣɣȻЩԵһ㣬ĳɼҲû취ϾԪʵȷǿᣬƽ̾ͷⶫ򣬸պա
ڵʵ˵ԪŲһЩΪ˴󳬼֮һǵĵȻҲ˫֮䣬ԹһֱУ󻯣Ϊ֮ǰֵλΪͨš
ĩ˲ֻ֪̫֪࣬Դӵڳһλ֮ͨһһ֮УеƺۻͷϣһԪŵСǽͨгԱ񣬶һɴԪŵӣǻͷСͨУһһˣһӡ
һεɴǵڵΪüһΣȻҲǸһЩۣϾԪŵʧȻǲֵһᡣ
֮ƺǷһЩ£ͻȻԵϢڵͨһ˶ԪţŭնԪϣԪƵ췭ظֱǱƵԪƽ֣Žնɱ
£ڵʱĶ캧ˣ˶Ϊͨ⺷еĿɿڴ˾׺ᵽʲôزǹƥɱԪܲľ֮°
֮ͨͬҲǼ˵ڵķŭʱͨڵڵżΪߵĵλˣ䱻ԪƽնɱϢ֮󣬵ڵӳױ֮ҪΪ临ĺǣʱԪڣǴڿսıԵ
˶ɿսǽǺεȵĲҡ
մսûбڵƽӦԼһЩ߲ѹ£飬չƽϢ
ȻһЩ̹ǵĳޣʱŶԽģˣԪڵĴսȻûб˫Ĺϵȴ൱Ķ񻯣ҲǵںЩɴ֮Уÿһ˫棬ԺƽճһɴԪŵӣڵѡ£ɳ֣Χɱ˵ʱʦ㣬Ҳֵ׽㡣
ЩԹޣһδεۻֱڡ
ƬİԼɽϣԪԼڵԶʯ֮ϤĶţһ̾һɴҲעƽֻǲ֪һΣǷ񻹻ǰǱ

߻£ڵĵӣɫҲ൱ƵضԶԪŵŨŨĺ⡣
ӦЦЦշźǰֻգ֪ʱνĺƽɹǲܣ˫֮䣬ս⡣
ԪԣֻһɴûҪһҪɣüͷԶϵԪԣ
ǺǣҵҲˣȴסһЩ˵ĲƣǲõֶΣ˶ΪԪ˭ܹ۸ġԪԵЦ
Ȼ㳽˵ˣҵҲǲܲһӣֻҪԸֶǴãҾǳ֣Σ
ΣӦʱ˪֣ȵ
ʦ֣㻰ʲôֶ磬Ҹɴ㽻ȥˣ̴˳һۣ
οЦֲ˵Ҫֵֶܵġ
£ĿٶȿԪԣ̯̯֣Ǿûʲô̸ˡ
ߣҪӦЦЦӦ׶ǻḶĴۣȷҪΪһֶǧЦ
ʲô⣿ҪҵڸۣҾͲţܺõȥȵ
°ܽҲҽϴνС˲ٰǧ֣Ц
ԣɷԪ̶ֳȣԶѰľԪǿߣ䣬·һ˿ΪС
Щʱ䣬ӦЦЦǽǡҲϡҲǴżʵ֮ǰǿ˲١
ԭʵһЩϡûʸǰˣᣡǧȻҲǲʵǿ˲٣ȴȻЦĳ
ô˵
СڣűЦݵŵڵӣȻԪԣʵ
ʲôô˵ȻϽˣǱֲĺˡԪԵص˵ŻʱŨŨɱӿţһεɴŴֶгԿǷŲ֮УԭҪֵĴԪ֮ҲΪֶĵҳ˱ʣܵÿĻ¾ͱǳ˸ˡ
ֿ߰Ԫ˵ȻǼܵģɴĴεڲǱǴúƢγ⣬Ԫŵ֮е
ȻˡǱ㶯ְɡ
ԣǵıЦŨЩȲҪڵЩӵȻǾžɫˡ
ԪԵĮһЦ˻̤ʱۻԪӿһɲǣ·˴Ԫı÷
ΧؼһĻͷҲ΢һ£֪ԪҪˡ

һȻ߶ԪԣǰһԪԣסɡ
лˡӦЦЦԣЩмʱֶڣҲֻܹԪˡ
ϢѾħֶӦҲյˣֻҪټһЩʱ䣬ܹϹ
ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷֶǧĽ֣ʵȷԪȣȴȻŲСĲ࣬ԣӦЦЦǵģ΢Щ̫⣬鲻⣬ʱҲûж˵ʲô
ǧԸɡϺɫؽͳص
ӦЦЦ΢΢ͷ̧ͷĿⷺűС棬棬
ҶǴڵӣסԪŵӣ
ӦҶصͷǰʱ̽ɫٱֶ
λʦֵܡ
ӦЦЦһڷ·Ϊ˴ǽնЩĿתеڵɨ
׳ҵڣ
еĵڵӣжڴ˿̣ӿһĨĳȣ쳣ͳĵͺ쳹
׳ҵڣ


߰پʮ ֮ս
ŵڵӵͺ֮ʯ֮ذջص𣬶ʱ䣬һ쳣ҵζҲǶȻɢ
ΧĿ⣬Щڵӣǵϣû˿Ԫŵη壬ŨŨķַ֮£ӿһĨĺ⡣
ԪԶԶƺ˵ĵڵӣȴһĨڽЦݣĮȻĻƣ֣
䣡
ո£ǺѹѹԪŵ֮УʱһԪһŲƵĿ⣬ǰ
ԪԪ齫ֱǱӶԪŵӣҲͬˮĽϡ
ɱ
Ҷ۾ЩͬˮӿԪŵӣ䣬ҲǴһͳһȱӶ
ˣ
˫ۺĳƬؼǽŰ˲ƣŨŨɱ֮Լɱ֮
Ŀ⣬Щ𶯵ǺХɺһֱ̣Ŀ֮УȻײ
أ
ײɲǣɱԪϯһѧڴ˿̾رʩչȻݺݵضǰĵ˺ȥ
ʱûκε飬ǳ֮䣬ҲѪಫ
ԪˣɫĮǺһĺȻ̤գ߳ԣԶıж

ӦЦЦԶԶԪˣҲһһΪⱩӶ
Ըûɣܶ˶Ϊ㶼κβԪζЦЦ
֮ͲΪˡԪԵص
־ͽɣΣҿɲõˡǧ֣
ȻӦЦЦԸɣǿϧˣȴҪִݻ¡ҡ΢Ц
ٷϻˣ֣ٶȽ
Ԫüͷ΢壬һȣӳΪһ⣬ǳţǧҲͬʱӦЦЦ֮ǰ
֣ҿỹʲôǰſ񣡡ǧ֣ЦŨص
ƻպɫؽһζȻӳһӰ֣ɷĽĶǧʺ
ߣ
ǧ״ȴһߣһգһɫ׵ֳֵĹƣû˿ܣһâֱŭ

Ľ֮ŻԼ񱩵ľ磬Ȼ԰ϯӰ˲չһɱ
ǺǣЩӰ
һֱɱֵˣɵ΢΢һЦЦǰӦЦЦص棬˵ʦӦЦЦͷա
ݣ
Ȼлδ£ӦЦЦֳһӳҪ
ԭӸһЦЦȴЩһڹâбȦһƣǱӶĽ
ȻˣǾĪִݻ˰˫Ŀ΢УкӹЦ䣬ȴǻΪӰӳ㣬ɭ侢ֱ˺ѿӦЦЦȥ
ӦЦЦ״֮Ҳ֮ɫԪڴ˿ת£Ȼӭϡ
춼ǱսʱΪ봦ӰȴʮɵĶŶ䣬һּΪ˵ĲɢֲԽڳˡ
ӰȻǳԼԪԡ
ߣ͸ҵս˵ϣ˵ͷⶫһ֮л׹һͨһˣһԪС֮ף˶ӵ츳ʵǿᣬ˵ǴﵽСɵĵزʵĪ˵һǷҲܹǿ֮С
˵ǿҲ˵硣֣ȴȫΪǽҲֻ£ˣ˵ⳡսɺܶ˶ǼΪĺ棬Ǻ֪λڶŲСͷĶһ˭ܹĸʤһ
㲻òԪڵ¡
ԪĿǰĳƳһƬؼȼս𣬵ȴûмų֣Įؿ˵
ǺǣҪʲôοĻЦŹߵӣȥɭɭܹΪͨһ˵ȻҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ˻ɵԪԵͷȴ¡
Ԫԣɵûҡͷеĺ⣬ŨǳҴҽ֣ЩδȻǱ㽫䳹ɡ
㡣
ԪԵĮһЦ˫ֻ̯ʱһ˾˵Ԫͬˮһ㣬ںХǰֱ֮·𻯳˹ˣ¡¡֮쳹ء
״ĿһҺԪҲɷӿΪ
˽ǴﵽСɵĲΣǵԪۻ̶ȣĵӣǿ
ңΪڵľڵġ
Ԫƻ£һΪʵĺɫֳԪԣУһĨ쾫âӿ֡
˵⻰һЩ
һգһŹ·ĺɫݴ󵶣Ҳֳ̧ңңָԪԣЦ
ְɣʶһ£ԪС֮׵СԪʲô̶ȡ
ԪԶųǻһĨɭȣһһӰ֣ΣȴǻΪӰӶɲǼ䣬Ԫ֮Х
һ˶˲俪


ڰ˰ ս
䣡
ޱȵԪ֮ϯŨŨѪζɱ⣬գʱյɫ·ǱȾЩ졣
ʯ֮Уʱǳ׵ĻңɺײһûκεķϻԪתѧʩչȻ۾ǰĵ˺ݺݵغ˹ȥ
սΨвҶַݡ
ˣ
Ũĳâս֮ڶӦڹϥɫٷϥϣǶϸ֣˸ŵӫ⣬֮ϡ
ʱӦǰЦ˽Ԫ齫ʵҲ̤˾Ԫǰڶ̶ʱ䣬ʮڵӡ

Ԫ齫ĿǰӦһۣμĬͬʱӶ
ϷӶˣӦƽսλõգҲű۾ǰԪ齫۾űɫɫӿ
ˣ
ϸָĨңȻʱ˿񱩵ĳ˲ϯһ쳣˵ٶȣݺݵغӶӰ֮ϡ
أ
ըֱ֮ǽЩǱı˶ٶµʱŨŨ֮ɫ
ӦҲ֮ǰͻƵ˾Ԫƾе٣ܹƾһ֮Ԫ齫
ҵڵӵծھ;黹ɣ
Ӧ֮Ϻ֣ӱעЩɵĶˣȻ£ʱâ峺쳹ƣǵصϯԪ齫
ԪŻλ齫
Ҷ˿ԶӦڵսȦЩĸԪŵλ齫Ĵ£Ƽ͡
ȥԸһˣʦʵҲܹԪǿ߿⣬ȻһܹܶԷǲ⡣
ҲֻܶԸһˡҶҧҧЩʱ䣬ͬǳɹĶɹ٣̤˾ԪʵҲֻһ齫ƽϾûдԪ֮
ô죿
üͷ壬ԪǿߣѰӺѶԸǷβܣǶǵʿž޴Ĵ
Ҷüͷ壬ΣԪʵҪǿǣʱҲֻܾΪˡ
ˣ
Ҷμ䣬һͻȻһȻҶǼŰɫȹԵüΪϸȴֳһͿŵĺɫŮ˳Ȼ̴
㡭Ҷ˴㵵̴
Ըˡ̴λԪ齫еĺɫٶ˵һΡ
ôҶ̲סصҲЩ̴ܣһʱ˵⡭
̴һۣû˵ҶǸоһɼɷĺڹ⣬ȻϯڹӴ·Щ̵ļ
ɷԪ
Ҷ˾ȫںڹ֮е̴ߵԪƺЩͬǵԪڣ̴ԪȴǼ˴
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ֻǰռ侹Ǳ˺ѳѷ죬ǷУһ֮£ǳһ齫ͷ֮ϣһĻ̴Ĺ·𶴴˿ռ䡣

һâһбպǽǻµĵһ£齫Ųֻ̺ˣͷȻǱһѪ⣬ʱѪ
СģейŹ֣һ齫״һݣ
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ھʯ֮Щһɽϣ̫幬ĵӴʱǽЩݵǰ֮ͫУϵɺĹâ
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ԪŵĵӣʵϾҪǿһЩӲƴЩǡȺǰѪսҲŨŨ֮ɫ
ǰҵڵֶҲ֪ȥˡĪԪԣ˰ɣһ˲
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Ⱥԣԥŵ˵ԪԴ˼ΪΣգҲԽսʤͷȻҲԪʤ󡣡
һԵô˻ͷʱ΢΢һƽգƫͷĿЩǵԶʣ֪һԪУǵڼǻһͿء
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ھǴսңԶ֮أ׷Ǹ°ıӶɵĵͳ·߲Ŀ
ֶɫ̧ͷңԶķգ·Ѫȵζ
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ңң֮ϣԪӿӰǼż˿񱩵Ĳ˺ʣݵĿУȻײ
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˴ˡգҺɫԪĴۣĮȻƳԪһۣص
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ֻȽˡĿصǴԪԣԪʿȻ󽵡
ȷԪԴǸһĨζЦݣЦ
ԣֻǻ䣬һ˿˿ĹɫƤ֮͸̶˲䣬˫ۣīָ⣬ڹ⣬䣬һ쳣ĺɢ
ԶԪԼ״˫Ŀ΢΢һУеĺ⣬ҲŨ

飡
ͳɫۻԪһȭݺݵغһԪŵ֮ϣ׺ݵһȭǽźȥԪŵӣҲһѪ¡
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飡
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飡
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ƬأĿ㵵ǰĻȻû뵽ٶȳԪԵģȻ绨Ů


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ֶһĻȻһգֻǳŹ֮еĳǷɿرñ䣬Ȼ·ҽȴֱǻΪһӴҽ֮ʯԪԣѹС
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ӡ

ֶһҲǳ׵׵û뵽ԪҲӵǿĵơ


ڰ˰ ת
ӡֶȻİڵμӰٳսʱǵõⶫԼǰ̫ɳ֮ףҲͬǻùһöӡ
ⶫֶԣ൱ȣӡΨЩʵΪۻǿ߷ܹۣ֮֮Уǰ˵һּΪ汦ֻ汦ҪΪĲϡ
ӡûκεǻۣһ˵ƾűѰǢ̶ߵˣ̫ɳ֮أӡѰ񣬲ûѡֶ⵹õú߷Σ˵ʩչǿֶεĻܹȡǿĶܹЧ
ӡӵߣȻ޷ֻߣĺôСϾԶʱڣֻؾǿߣҲ൱ϡ٣ֶЩ꣬Ҳֻ֪һֻߣǱӦ
ӡǶ˲٣ȻҪãҲҪƵĻԵⶫõֶûù
ӡ֮У̺żΪӴЩӵʵ𽥵س֮Уӵӡ˵ٶȣˣҲǻǿϲ٣⣬һЩΣͷҲܹ߶ӡݵǿʵǿУɹվ
˵ڶ֮һЩӴĵ֮УһЩΪ͵ϣӡֻҪ֣ĴۣҲǻ൱Ŀֲ
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ɽϣȺɫ۵գһԵᣬھ̫幬ҲŲ͵ݣȻҲܹ֪һЩϢͬӡ¡
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ӣֶЩΣ˰Ⱥ̧ͷԶǵ̤춦¯ӰеһЩ֮ɫܴսʤΣֶȻҲڶȵƾŰԪʵʵﵽСɵԪԱƵô߶ӡⱾ£൱ˡ
һԣ֮УҲӹһĨɫֶȻֶڶ࣬ƾ豾Ԫž޴Ĳ࣬˷ƾŴ߾˷ԲʮҲԪƴԪԼĵƣ߶ӡʵٶȴǣֶĴȻЩǡ
ƬأȻΪԪԼӡЩɧڷӦЦЦϵϲɫҲɢȡ֮ŨŨĽ֮ɫƵת䣬ʵЩ̫졭
ǱƵóʹ˳գһЦսҲҪˡ
ǰֻǱƵϴ˿ӡ֮ӡ֮ȫֶˡǧҲЦ
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ΧԪŵԣҲ׹˸Цͷ

ӡǳϡϣֶһԶüĴ˸ŹâĵԪԣ
˵Ҹøһʲô
ԪЩѵʱ΢ЩǱҲɱѸٵţֶЦЦЦУڵɭȻ
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ݣ
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ԪŵҲڴ˿̷ЦһЩ˸ǶŵڷֳЦ֮٣ǽٵڵɫǺ졣
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ҧҧ촽𰸣ͬǲֶ̫˽һӦò޵ķʸȻȡ˶Ǿ˵ĻֶΣֻǾֶûãǲ̫ˡ
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ܶ㣬ҿЩڵ㣡
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ӴͼأֶӣҲǾز԰̧ͷĿⷺųԪԣò˿еҲ쳹
˵һԪˣΪЩȥĵʦֵġ


ڰ˰һʮ 
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ұ㿴ΪĵƣУǺεȿЦ
Ԫͬˮһ㣬ԪںХΪһӴԪӰһּΪǿѹԪ֮Ӱɢ
Ԫ۵䣬Ԫ֮
ͳĺȻԪд˫ָ󽣾Ȼ
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ԪԽָ֮ʱǵԪӰҲ̧֣һᴩذĿֲ͵رż˿µƻֱǶӴͼݺȥ
飡
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ݣ
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£˱ǼԪŵ壬ǵ¼ʧȥǷģ˿Ѫⶼδ¡

ΧճһƬյأеԪŵӶһĻһֿ־ĺĴӿ˳
ЩԪŵϵĿ־壬ֶ԰׵ϣȴһĨѪЦݸֳ˫ͫһ˿˿
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ԪֶͫӣҲһĨӿĺȵ
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һǸӡ
һɺڳ˵ĽŵֱǣһֶδҲ̫˰ɣ


ڰ˰һʮһ ʯ
ߴϵӴдһâΣЩԪŵĵӣС
ֶʱķ֮٣ȻңǲŹκһԪŵӣ
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ڣֶȻǴ㽫Ԫŵһľ
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ӰӡԪеӶɱˣԪſ»ᱩߵİȺɫ԰׵૵
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ŭеֶֶȻ
Ⱥƿԣ̾Ϣһ˫ĶԹ޷ڣԪŵӴʼնڣȴû뵽һĵڵ֮Уȴǳֶôһɱ񡭡
ɴκ£ɶ޷׷ֶ˵ĻԪ֮ĹϵҲ᳹׵ı
ɴڵӲ֪ŶԪУЩծǲֻʱδ
ڡʱ򣬿ҲҪˡ
Զǵ̤춦¯ɫ԰ֽȴǷް꣬΢ЩӣһǴⶫƵ췭ظ

֪ߵغĶҪԪŵӾ£ҲԼ󻰳ϣԪԵ񣬴ʱҲǱøĿɲɭɭضֶ
Ԫŵӣ󣡡ԪԵͷ·еԪŵӣͳغ
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ԪԵͺЩԪŵӦȣĿ⣬ԶյֶȻѸٲ󷨣ʱ䣬ż˰嫵Ԫϯ
ӿôκǣ
ǧ֮УֶЦֶŰɣ뿪ħԺǳûڶ򣬾ԼСĵ㣬ԪŵǿߣȤдһµģ
ڵӣ󣡡
ڷӦЦЦ״ҲǶȻȳȻӴ󷨲˵ĿֲϾԪŵڶ࣬Ҵʱֶ״̬ȻãǴʱҲһֱȥˡ
ڵӣӦЦЦʱӦȣȻҪ齨󷨣Ȼϵֶȴǰ˰֣󷨣ֻҵ
㡭ӦЦЦü΢ѵֶҪһ֮еԪžӲɣ
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ӦЦЦ̲סҪ˵ʱһԵӦȴ֣
ҲҪӦЦЦŭ
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Ԫķʹ˱飡


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ʱߵʱħ֮УѾΪ˹עĽ꣬Ҳǿʼǻ״̬֮Уѹ


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Щʱħǣһʱ緢ҽĻɽһ㣬еգ쳣Ļ𱩡
˵ɴǽеδ˿٣ǱøΪǿʢЩ󳬼ɵ˿ûҪ뿪ļ󣬿˶£ɻûгء
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΢΢ͷͻȻһۣʦ㣬㡭ֶϵƺһ㰡
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״΢΢һ˵ͻȻһ߻Ȼĵλãֽգ૵ڵˣˡ
һԵԣҲǺоͬһɽ͵ȴĳʱ򣬶ֶǺпܳΪǵȼߵĻǡ

ħǵλãһʵļ̳ڼ̳ˣһâҫ󷨣󷨣ͨħĴֻǵֻͨܳܽ
ʱУ⴫УҲǲϵ˳ھʼĴ󣬺ģ඼һЩпԼСԳʱҲû̫ɧ
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ڵħУ೬ɵĵӶǾеġֻеڵĵˡ
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ȫǵĿ⣬৵ƿǼ̳ˣߵ£Ĺâ𽥵ȻٵӰƾֳŴĻ£Ҳõȷǵݡ
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ϣֶɫƽ֮еĹգ˫ƻա
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һɲǣ֮УȻϢͬ籩ϯԶʮӰӶͬʱ䣬ɱҲǺ¡¡
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ֶ֮УЩϲҪĶ浱ҵĲɣҶԣ
ȻɱʱеҲǣҲ͵ЦĵӰ̤նʣǷģȻףˡ
һĻʱס˺󳬼ɣȻǶ˰


ڰ˰һʮ 
ħϿգ纣Ԫ¡¡ϯʮɵǿߣڴ˿̽ǽϢת£ֲƬؼԪЩڵļһԪѹóв˺Щѡ
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ЩոմӴгĵڵӣҲΪǰ̾һ£ܿĿ⾯ĽԪŵ˸š
ЩһȻưոݡӦЦЦһĻֲɵý
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ʯϹ𶯲ҿñӣɴɲʲôСϷ֮ˣȻ⡣׵ص
ˣԪʮӣСɱ⻹ֻˣǱΪʯߣ۽Ǽٵس鴤ţȵ
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Ԫƽ̣˵ɫȻҲ΢΢ıһ£ⶫԪƽ֮úܶΪ֮
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ߣףҲ뾡취ΪСҽڡ
ʯɭضֶѾӵƽ̵ĴѶǽԪţģǲģʱǵڣӦ˱ǡ
ҪֶǾ͵ÿϷͬͬˡ浭ص
ԪŰ˸ˣҵڻⶫ㣿Ц
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ʯɫصȻҲɣĪΪܵס˲ɣ
кâ粽ãԣ
ߣƲԳԷƣʯǿӲҲЩȻˣǾ͹ֲǲˣ˵ֻǷƽֶ֮ȥԪһѡ
浱ɵӲɣ漥صֶ䵽ԪУ˵ұ֤߲ᰵʲôֶΣʱҪȥҪˣɲʲô򵥵¡
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Ȼһɵǿߣڳʼֶˡ
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ʶȤϹӵֵܣҲʸ̣ܽ


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С׼״֮ϵĺֱһ־˵ٶʧţһĺӿգۼ䣬һĴӣڴ˿̱һɱ

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ͳȻСдռŤʱﵽ£Ԫɽ壬Ȼֱӱһȥ
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ϺڻӿСǿϣһĨЦݣȻ˵Ļȴβסװ֮


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Ԫ֮ϣʯɫѿԶСŭӿǵݣⶫҲЩɴû˸ôǡ
ĿδҲ̫ˣͲ°Լˣʯ
ҪүЩɫǸ߿ԼСڽҡҡͷЦ
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飡
ԪƥѸͶǻ֮ϣȴֻ𼸵ȻͬһĲѩһ㣬ɢȥ
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ʯ˼ֹƾȻ޷СֺɫҲ̲סЩ仯Щеţ֣ԲǿҲ׵Ļ⣬ǰ⿡꣬ʲô·Ȼ֮ǿ
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֣һɹɰԪХȴûɢݳȥһ־˵ٶȣʯλû۶ȥ
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ֶͷŻбѸȥŮŭĺǰӦȻܹܿǵģȴǷˡ
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ӦֶǷŭӣ԰׵Сϣ¶һĨЦݡ
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ǶϰҵԡǾһΰɡ
ֶסϵķŭڴ˿һ㣬ŻǳЦŮ̲ס΢΢š
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ΪܹΪɴԪֶ˵Ů
ɷڵһλŮ
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һУֻΪ뿴
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Ԫӣ̫ˣ


ڰ˰ٶʮ ǿƼ
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ӦӡƽҲ˰
УĿϳֵӰʱŵЩִ֮Ķɲʲôʱܿİ
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Ƕյ飬ԪѾ֣ӦӲֵĻǸܹ
ǺǡӦӣǿ˰ԪӦӣ˫Ŀ΢΢Уص
ӦǿǱӦֶһۣǰƣ֮ͫҲӹһĨ֮ɫͳصԪӣôҲһƽ̣Ȼô˵ҵڵĵӳ֣㻹ǲ˰
Ԫüͷ壬ɫԲ̫ȻԪŵӣ˴αǵֶ¾£δͬҲùһЩɣ
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ꡣ
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ӦȻҲԪӵ֮һĨɭӹƻգȻǸоһĿͶ΢ֶֻ࣬еŮҧ촽ĽţУһЩ֮⡭
ݣ
ԪӼ״һЦһץǻΪһֻڰ״ֱ֣Ӷֶץȥ
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ӦǵѪӰֻǰرŻŮû˵κȵĻǿִŵʯ
ŮĿ⣬ĽţֻǱݽҧ촽Ѫ͸Ȼ

һ̾ӦӵȻȻһӣռŤֱؽǺڰ״𱬶ȥ
㣡Ԫһ
Сһ˵ֻҪһ컹ǵڵӣڱĿɽҪҵ£ԪһսӦӶԪӣͳضЩ
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Ӧӡ̫˰Ԫ
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Ӱһźۣɫĳɢ̽۵˫ԵЩ԰ףӣȴ˫Ŀǳ·Ŷ
ǰˣһۣƤ𪣬ȥ൱ֻͨǶ˫ۣǳֺڰ֮ɫ㣬ء
Ӱһ֣˶ܹظоĿռ䣬ЩŤȻǲѰ
ԪӣԪӡԪƽ̾Ȼˡ
֮УȻڴ˿̱˶ĿɿڴһĻЩڶײβĶǿߣȴһĽð˳
Ӧˣȴӹһ˿ɫԪƽ̣ҲǸоһЩѹ
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鲻ôġֶͷŻŮǣһΪǿЦݣ
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Ӧϵϲһֶ̣ӿ·ǿʼ
Բ𡭡
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ڰ˰ٶʮ 
ӦǰȾѪӣʱĺߣ¶һЩεȴЦݡ
ġӦۿܿıֹͨסµʵص
Сȫҷű¶ݣԹۣǵҲ̫Ѫֶϲôֶ΢Ц
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ԪӲÿɷһЦ߿ӦӣӦƽ̣Ԫ֮ˣ˲֣ҽ顣
ʱҲҪ˴ֵǿг֣ԪţҲֻܷ㵽ˡ
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ĻֶϵǳضǲӲܣǳ֣ҲضᱻԪնɱڴˣʱǵڣǵ˵棬ԪնɱһΪĵӡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵֣ûиı䣡
ৣ
Զɫ޻ҲٶȱӶȻɷسֶԣѪ컢ĿضԪģȻҲûˡ
ֶǵڵӣһһ٣һ֮£ĪҪΪһ˽ɡԪЦЦһĻ
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ӦűƵ·ߵֶۿ죬ֻתͷؿӦӡ
ӦŮǰĿ⣬ƽţҲЩεʹ֮ɫӹǲ֣һһȴǣʮĵӣǰ֮£վԳ棬ڣȴǱתƵϣѾûɲ֡

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СѪĿϢήңѪԵüΪǱˣǾĿ֮УҲӿЩֵܣǵһαƵֵزңԸ񽾰ȻҲҪʵԶֶСƴȡ
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ͬʱСϢҲڴ˿̷ıţ̶ʮϢʱ䣬Ԫ΢ĿУﵽһּµĵز
ʱСʵƺƾνȼƣָ۷塭
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СϢֲʱ̺űҲٶذ쳹


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ȻӳʱһӰȴһӳһűǽ߽֮УǵӰǽ󷨡
磡
ССǵȥӰһ£˫۶ʱѪ


ڰ˰ٶʮ 
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ڰ˰ʮ 
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ֶڳ֮ڣ˵ȣĴȻ̫󣬲ԴҲûʲôƽϵ̬ϾµУҲһش׸ɡ
ֶ˫ֽӡ΢⣬˸ţһ˿˿ϸ΢֮ɢԪȻ仯ΪԪһܴصľԼ
Ԫھʱֶܹڲһ˿˿񱩵ȴ˳ӿǳֶ֮Щӿ䣬𣬶ɢ£ֶڲ˸øΪңԭҲһ˿˿š
ڱ仯ֶҲĵһ˳״̬ʱȴͻȻоüĴһϸ΢𶯣ٽţǴ㵵ķ֣һɹȶͬˮһӿɢ֫ٺ
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ͻһĻֶĲ죬һתƵüĴٽţǼһöӡü̾ᣬ䣬һɰɢ
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ֶעǹӡŻȻžϲӿֳǲˣնɱԪ֮󣬺ڵöӡҲǱá
ӡǿֶǷǳԪܹǰﵽСɵľ磬ӡĴ벻˸ϵⶫ䵽ֶУ绢ӡӦֶƣȻҲܹԸٶȻָ

ֶ˫Ŀһ˳³˫֮УҲžâӹƽ
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ֶ磬̽ʵ˲ģҰȻʱ˶ϵģͷ˲Ų˵ʲôֶԣ
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̸䣬ֶҲǴеõһЩй纣ĸ鱨
纣ħλãƬħҲһЩ纣УҲͬһЩǿͷģνԼҡ
ν죬а綴ԼǬ죬纣ǿħһ
ңΪӴƾõļ壬κңżңռңԼң壬Ҳ纣֮൱ȻħΪĻң纣֮⣬ССһЩ˵ңʵҲ˿С
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纣ҪﵽԪţֲΣҲֻˣ൱ֲϾ纣򣬻ֻħຣ֮һѣң㲻ǿĺ
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أ
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Сӣ˴ˣ´ټؽ˿ѸԶȥȴԶԶĴëȻ
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ǼһƺκǱߵˣǵĿ궼³綼ýֵġ
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ʱĹżȻϮȻҲ̫أһǿʼӪء
ӪصһǣһЩżӵȴǴӵǵĿ⣬ǰϵһЩħҽޣЩħҽ޵Ŵһ۵Ѫۡ
һ
ϸָ˷Щ޵ƣֶΡ
ΧЩżӵԣҲɫǺħҽ޵ķȫֻһЩ̫ص˺ۣҪһҲͰֻ̤Ĺܹ쵽ȻЩֲǹġ
ţ˭ģ̿һԵŮͻȻʵ
Ҳ֪ղֶұ۾ͬЩãȻʵ˵һʱ䵹ûа̶ֶ̾뵽ֶȥϾڵֶӦ޷Ŷԡ
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ֶ飬Ȼǰž޲Ȼ߹ʱ򣬾̵ĺ·һǹؽĻȥֶǵĮɫ֪ΪΣЩӿ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ֶ߳ȻҲǵһۿЩӵһĹżӵܣƳƳЩΧŵʬ壬֪ʲôֻɫȻûʲôãȻ󲽷תĵط
ֶǹ̼״æ
£ֶһۣǰƽΧЩżӵЩת뵽ǰļһƺҲһصüɫֲýеĲˬȥ
Щģ̵ֶ̬ȣָָָЩʬ壬Щصضʵ
ֶÿɷ
ߣǲģһ²֪ˣһԵĹȻ䲻ˬֶ̬ȣһߣһ˫ָһ磬ǿضֶȥ
ĳּΪͻأ˾̶δܷӦҪֹ
ݣ
ָ磬Ѹٵ䵽ֶ֮ϣȻ󾢷䴦ȴ羫һָȻֶ嶼δܴһ¡
ǿ塣ɫҲڴ˿Щ仯ȻǼֶɲǼɫͷһˡ
ȻθʱֶӰͬȰسǰ̽ͬӥצ㣬εץס˹޳Ĳ¼䣬־Ϳһꡣ
ֶ
ΧˣҲǱֶһǹ̼æ嶯ֻ³çһЩûлġ
ֶЩ־Ĺ󿣬ֵɱ⣬õúһƬҰףƽΪò˶ΪΨǴӣֶУòƺЩϵʬ岢ûκεĲ
˿ɣʱֶĽС
ֶ硭һԵĹҲǱֶȻɫһЩֶǰһֱ൱ĺƣһ棬ȻҲǵһμ
ùŵֶеĿؿһۿ־Ĺ󿣬Ȼֽ˦´ûҲǹżһûϢӵܡ
󿱻һЩżӵܽסѩ׵ĲЩ࣬ȻֶǰҲûκεϧ־ؿֶһۣȻǱסˣΪܹоֶɱ⣬ġ
ȻͨˡЩӵضֲֶֿƣѰ˸ָܻ
ҹǳֵģһɷʦӦκҵˡֶ˹һۣ
ɷʦһɫ䣬ΧЩżӵɫҲеѿɷʦǱ൱ǿߣǶԣ൱ˡ
ô֪ģüһ£ʵ
ղŽֶ֡ص
˫΢һԵĹżӵҲǴ㵵ĽֶţһȻܹɷʦֺȻ
ЩˣκҵģҿǾ뿪鵺ɡֶ
˻û˼ֻǹżЩӵУʵǿıṇ̀Ҳֻǰֻ̤κңκɱǴﵽһοֶԸмֵɷʦڡ
ǲüҡҡͷ
ԣʼ磬ҲͲٶ˵ʲôҲû˼Щżӵܵǰʲôȥɣţֱֶûٶ˵˼
ֶıӰԥһ£ͻȻæ𣿡
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ΪʲôҪǣֶŲ£ֵؿһ۹̵ˣ
һͣЩżӵܸŭǾ㣬æҲӦɣ
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СŵİȫһḺκ£ˣรɣҷֲôȥ
̵ɫΪֱֶ׵ĻЩ̫ÿǷƺûֶйչˣ߲ǣҲ֮С
ЩżӵҲɫͬЩȻЩֶĮӣȻҲ
Ӫأһʱе㽩Ӳɷʦĳ֣Ȼ˹żӵܲСѹǲ취ԸĻһǻԴ
̶βֶƺҲЩͷֻۣܽͶţֶƺҲֻԹźһЩ
ż̵Ŀ⣬ȴЩӵҡҡͷȻֶԸĻҲҶ˵ʲô
̼״ҲǷΣͷʱֶͻȻתͷҪҰæҲǲԡ
ţ
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Ҫ꣬͵ҳֶ֡ص
ʲôꣿһ£ʵ
һöԪֶһĨЦݸֳ
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һöԪôȥΧЩżӵɫǺһŭȻΪֶʨӴſڡ
ȣһöԪʲôҵʱǶЩٵһ룬ѵΪǵһԪֵֶЦ
ڶżӵܶʱƻȻȻ߿̡
ǵע£üҲǽţԥƬ̣ŵȷİæֵ۸񣿡
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ƻָɰգնɱֶЦɷʦȻ쳣ǿҹֶҲǹĪ⣬Ѳ̶ȸʤһЩСɵǿߣˣӵֶԣҪ׶ԸһЩ
ֻҪʵֶָģɷʦնɱڴˣ

ֶĻҲһЩȻ̶ЩɫĽţնɱһɷʦͣСɵǿ߶첻ֶȻ
ãұһöԪ̵꣡һһҧ˾ġ
ô˻ֶЦݸȻĿ
ȸǮ


ڰ˰ʮ Ԫ̾
̵ЩĿɿڴԵ൱ֱ׳ֶһʱͷһ
㶼ûǿأ˭֪᲻Ԫˡһżӵֹ
˵ҪԪˡֶ
Σ֮ǰ˵ֶҪԪֻû뵽һôļС
һöԪСĿǹżҵϵӵһ¿ȡҲǧöȴһ£Σ̵
ɡ
ֶܸɴص˵ͷȻתһܿǾɣʱȫˣȻʱɷʦٳ֣Ҳ֡
ֶӰüɵ΢΢
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ҹ﹥ǵޣӦõȷǱ˲ٿأ͵ģҲֻоΪﵽɷʦǿˡ
⼸չ۲ֶǿտ˵׻ˣңڵǣҲȷû̫ѡǱõҲ֮ͻƵȻĻºᣬǹżңȡóɼգ
ΧЩżӵԣҲֻܵ˵ͷҪüǿ֧ԮȻҲˡ
ڣҲֻɷʦˡӿֶǼ̾

ҲУСյʱ䣬һöԪǾֶУЧʣõúԸ⡣
ĳ֮Уֶ⳵ỷ֮ǰȻǺֶ̫࣬ҲûԹǿ֮ǰǲʲô𣬵ڼȻӦ˰æȻȡҲû
ҳǮܹƽĽס
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һԪӦñܹ⼸֮ڻָơ
ֶеǬ΢΢ſʱżΪ羫ԪɢЩԪ֮У̺һЩЩӵŻ׹ǵЧ
ǿ˵ֻҪ岻Ǳ׵Ļ٣϶ŸԭĿܣΪڵǶֶܹ֮֫ǰܹﵽƾűĳǿָȫĻָʵ
ֶָһһööֵɫʵԪǬзӶʱ䣬ڣ˹Ԫ
ֶһĻҲһŵ泩֮ɫӹһ֮Ȼɢ
ˣ
֮ɢĹԪʱһ־˵ٶȶֶڹעȥע£ֶ棬ҲǿʼŹâ˸ԭܴľҲԪ£ʼָ

ڽʱУֶ粽δеʱ䣬鵤֮ϡ
鵤ЧҲȷԶԶĳֶϣƾŽö鵤ֶ̺֮ڵƣҲһԶ֮ǰٶѸٵػָš
ȻҲֶڵ֮Ȼˣӵ˴鵤Ҳֶͬ㣬еû˿˷ѵľ塣
ھһҹϮ֮֮ûƵĹκҲڻδ֮ǰżĽ֣õʱ֮
ֶݵƽֶҲץһеʱ䣬ʱżӵҲûκ˸ֻż̻ùŽһЩر֮ͽǰǰգȻǺ
㰲УӣҲ𽥵ؽӽ鵺˶ܹоΧûĸҲǿʼԽԽ࡭

ˣ
Ԫӿڳ֮ڣֶͷϷγһԪУгɶ״һͷֶǣԪĹעȥ
ֶĹâϵ˸ţƤ֮ϣ˸Ƥ𶯼䣬һּ˾˵֮ɢ·Ǳ˹ϸ΢֮

ͻȻ䣬ֶǽõ˫Ŀ˫Ŀ֮Уһ⻪ӹһƺǱ˺Ѷȥ
һڷźɫţֶ³ֶ΢ڹʱͬڰžԼ䣬档
Ȭˡ
ֶ˫΢΢գϤİԣ˿̶̲סЩİ֮أΨʵʵõӵŰȫУ֮ǰЩʱ䣬ʱĵ
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䣡
˰ԪעֶڲҲ͵رͳ֮ţƤʼѸٵرó˫Ŀӿ˻֮ɫ
һɹɼ˿񱩵Ĳ
ھŴ٣


ڰ˰ʮ ɽ
ɽ鵺֮ΪӴΡɽ壬ɽߴǧֱɽƣͼϵĿ⡣
ʱɽɽţȴڶӰ½½Ĵɭ֮ӳĿⷺŻȵɽ֮
˵ֵĵط

ɽԽԽǿ߻ʱɽϣҲһЩ޺֮У̺ſԷֱһ־ζȻɽϵЩǿޣҲǸӦЩ֮͡
Ϊʵﵽ̶ֳȵޣǻ൱ȻЩΪʲô
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ࡣ
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ͷǹ̰ɣǸˣ˵ǰֻ̤ǿߣ˴ǰͻƵɡ
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ǰ
Χ˽޵գȴû˿Ĳӻɨܣü΢һ£˴Ϊĸǿߣǲٰ
Ҳֶ֪ôˡת󷽵һʱ֮УûκεĶֶԴӵձ˺󣬱һֱûϢܹоϢĻ¶Ϊֶ鵤·ˡ
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ʱκɣŵЦһĻȻ½˴ҡڵضŹżҶȥκڳ
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⣬ҵҪ⳵֮УʲôҲκҵ¡˵˴κЦݵϣҲӹ
κԺ˽̸䣬ԶĵҲĿУӽ˹żҵĳӡ
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κɼ״ҲӹһĨɭ֮ɫ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ۣ
һһָΪ͵̬أȻصغεľ֮ϣʱ̶֮һ㣬ٶȼճ׵˰У䡣
ڶĿ⣬δע㣬Ǳըһ൱ǿϢ
񱩵ɢȥȻ˱ǼһӰǵ֮С
̵ֶ˼ֶȻ϶ʱϲɫ֡
޶˴᲻̫ûҽһ㣿ֶ̧ͷԶ֮ϵκɣЦ
κ˫Ŀ΢Уߣֶüͷ΢һ£صԪ֣ȷ˾˵Ĺżҳصĸ֣
κԵĺҲǶֶĿ⣬ɨֶ壬Ȼ󻺻ͷСӲ򵥣ĪҪС
ôҵǺܺ棬һԪСӣܲ򵥵ʲôزȥκһЦ
Ԫָʵ󣬾ȻҲ̶ȣ
ΪֶʵɵȻֹκɣһЩżӵܣüͷֶţ֮ǰֶ˵ǰģǻΪ߻ָʵҲܴﵽƹ̵ĳ̶ȣֶƺǲŸոͻƵԪˡ
ʵܿɷʦ
һЩżӵţȻϲû˵ʲôȻŻɣϾֶʵ˵Ļ޴
һöԪƺúֵܲ
һ
󿰵ҧҧͷǲޣڳ֮ǰֶĺ֮ǲô˵̱ĻֻܰĿ⿴̣̽㡭
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ԣֻܵ˵ͷԪֶˣҲֻһܹһɡ
ֶվڳУΧЩĿ̺֮ȻҲǱУȴûж˵ʲôɨһȦȻͣСЩ԰׵Ĺϣ񵱼ǳô£
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Ķ½״Цӹ㹥ͬΪԪ˶ӣֶֹѰ·
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Ľ룬ԭķ춦Ҳǿʼ𽥵ƽ˭ܹ󵽣֮УȻһ쳣ҵĴս


ڰ˰ʮ 
һƬ磬ȵĻĮһ˿˿ӵÿЩŤ
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Сӣ𰡡ͷħĿضֶͳ֮Уһײеζ
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춦ȷǿϾֶֻžԪʵƾҪסˣЩˣ֮ǲ࣬ʵ̫Ӵ
ź˵ЦֶֻǲÿɷЦЦ
֣ɣɷʦС˾ⶦ¯ΣĿ⿴ͷħԣЦ
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ЦŵͷһȻݣһգŰ羫ϯÿռ䲻ϵš
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ڹĻͷħԹʱԶҲǶȻȳ羫ǻΪһͷӴľʨʨͷһɾ۳ʵʣ֮״˺ѿռ䣬ҲǺݺݵغ˹Ļ֮ϡ
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΢Щְֻһؽˡ
ֶһЦָ⻥㣬Ѫָ͸Ȼָ⻮һѪӡ

ƽֶдȻƬضʱĲţرѣһ籡߽֯䣬ǻΪһ޴¹
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ͷħԼֶĹɫȴһꪺݺݺХʮӴľƥݺݵغ֮ϡ
飡
Ȼͷħ׺ݹڹĻϣȴֻú߲һ£һĻɫҲǲɵЩѿȻû뵽󷨾Ȼǿᡣ
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ֶƳһɫѿͷħԣǷ춦˵޷׵ĨɱߣҪסȴǲѡ
ڡֵˡ
סͷħԣֶתͷ΢΢һЦЦ֮Уź¶
ĶΪ㵥ҵĶˣסͷħԵ֮Ц
ֶЦЦɱǼǰüĴźɫƸ֣ȻͷϷΪһɫӡ
ӡûض״䶯֮䣬һȦڶһɹصɢ·ĹߣǱ˽ȥ
ǡ
ڶĹϷģ㶣Ƭ̺ͫȻǲ԰׵ϣһŨŨĺȻ޷ӿֳ

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Ǵħ⣬ǿ磬һУǻ벻˸ϵ
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£ֶƣңңĶ׼ɣȻȻ¡
飡
£ͷ֮ϵ͵رɫߣͬ㣬ǵصϯ
ڴ˿̣¶ɣ


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ɫߣ籩꣬ǵصӳֱɷΧЩɫӹ·޴ǳ˵ĺںۡ
㹥ƣ԰׵Ҳӿ޷εأ֮ǰֶСĳ֣ȴõнֶΣճ̶ߵĳ̶ȣΪ֪˵ֶ֮ʵŲСĲֲ࣬࣬Ϊ֮һпֲܽ
ӡһ䣬һͬ籩ľǷӳȻһּΪѸ͵ٶȣΪһӴľ籩
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ৣ
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һӴľìгΣȻݺݵ򱻺ɫӡ籩֮ϣ߽ӴìȴѸٱľҲѸٵر֮ɶȥ

ֶĿĮȻɫʼЩŵɣӡһ䣬ֻɫֱӴܱ˸䣬ǻΪһɫһ־˵ٶȣɡ
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ֱʳУǣȻǿʼģ
ֶʦа綴ĹҶң³ضޱңĿ׺ݵضֶȵ
а綴죿
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ֶĦ°ͣɽŵעгƬ̣һЦ¶ɭ׵ݣһĻʱõͷ΢΢һ
Ǹҿɲ뽻ȥԣҲŹ㡣
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ʱͷħԣǲٺҵͺɫΪɵضֶǰԥĨɱɵĺõףǰ꣬治ʲôŮ
ģ֪СôݣͲó֡
ͷħӹһĨɫû뵽ԭΪֵ£ģ
ˡ
ֶͷħԣչһЦЦݣͬ쳣׺ݵͷħԿˣͷҲǷһɺ⡣


ڰ˰ʮ 齬
޴ĳŴأͬʱҲ׺ݵͷħεУֻʱλ׺ޣŰЦнŵֶɫȴ΢Щѿ
ٺ٣λѣ֮û̫ĶԹҲҪˣǺƽճΣͷħӳ鴤һ£ֶЦ
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ֶԣЦһӣͷ֮ϵХֱǻΪһڶϷ֮ϯ
֮ٶ£ͷħԶʱоڵȻһ˿˿ţͷӿһЩȻȻ죬ѹֱΪ˴֮Ϊص
ҪʰȷЩ鷳ȴֻҪУԻὫһ˿˿ɴֶɫЩȻͷħԣЦ
Сӣúݣͷħԣɵŭȵ
˴ˣҶˣα˵㻰ֶŪЦʧߣ³ɲʲôé®ëͷСӡ
ڣﰲŰɡֶ£תݳ춦С
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Ŷֶüͷһ£δֳ̫Ȥ˵
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Ҳ˵齬ЩԲǿߣޱȵĴѡ
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أ
Ԫκڱ͵һĳһԪƥ˺Ѱգݺݵغ̣͵ľʮ
̣Щɻκβǣߣ֪ϣֶϣ㻹Ϊһܹ֮ͬʱԸһɷʦԼһСɵǿߣκ߻ΧȻľ޴춦¯϶˶٣Ц
ôû˵ǱͷħնɱҷȰ㻹ȥȻʱڵĻᶼûˣκɴЦһΧЩκҲźЦ
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ҧ촽ǵǵǳ춦¯Сֽһ
Ǻǣǻͦʧġ
Ȼڹżӵͷ䣬һϤЦȴͻȻ𣬽˱ǼһǷ춦ӳΪһӰǷӰֶ
һ̣֮ϵռ˲̣κɵϵЦݻӲһԵĪնȸǿߣɫҲ𽥵
ȳģȻֶ
ѵԼͷħԶˣ
ĪնǴӶԷпһĨȻ֮ɫһǺηʥ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ݵ̤꣬գ˫ִ䣬֮Щº͵ЦݣȻƽЦ£ΧеǱò˿춯

κɶųֵֶϵЦӲøѿһڿˮ䷢һЩŹֵڣȻ˲ǣŬԼ
أκЩɳƵʵ
ˡֶκɣЦЦĵص
Щգ˲ҲΪֶ˻׵׵̣˵УĵصһĪնεˣҲɫأңǰûб̰ͷԣ˭뵽ȥ޺ļһֶξȻ˵
ǿһɷʦԼһСɵǿ߰
һﾹȻƾžԪʵǸˡ
κɵ񣬷·ڴ˿̳Ƭ̵Ȼκ󷽲𽥵ػعٶֶĿʱһЩ֮ɫЩκҲ˲ƻǰ棬̼ɢ
Ȼе𶯵Ĳǣ̵ˣҲһţеԴֶһɷʦʵѹ
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аˣ
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ֶԴ˵ûʲôԪλӶһĨɱˣοһʲôĵӣѵаˣܱԪƽԪ˸׺ɣ
κɣɲƣͼֶɱֻ֣Ƿѣ¾а֪ˣҲûʲô˵ģħ£㲻ʲô֡
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κɵ˼״ɫʱ䣬æˡ
ʮϢ֮ڣֶ𽥵ر֮Уɭɭɱ⡣
κԣɫʱ׽Ǻݺݵһ˦䣬̣ҲҪ⣬ɱɣ¿ûô׽㣬ɵĴʦִ˴ǶԹ֣ǹżҴ˴ᣬضһͿأ
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κĳˣΧЩǿߣҲֻҡͷǿɫĮֶһۣȻҲǿʼĳ룬ڵǣûȥֶеöˡ
ৣ
ΧƷһӰѸٵȥ̶ӵʱ䣬ǶĪնԼεˣҲǾ뿪Ƿ֮ء
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ֶҲ԰£ȻһУ춦ǻΪһӽڣȻת˹̵ˡ
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ףһöԪļֵ˵ʵڲֵһᣬһΣֶҲֲ
ħҲԵֶ֡ЦЦʱû֮ǰһЩ䵭Ͼһ·Ҳȷ˲æ
ֶ˵ţͻȻţȻŮԴһһö֣ΧЩżӵĽĿеݸߡ
⡭Ǹҵ𣿡۾ǴͬҪֲҽӣֶص
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ڴ˴ͻƵ̳ʱ䣬ῪʼʱˣܹͻƵϣΪżһЩ
ֶԣҲǵ˵ͷߣ峺ƽĺҽȥһˣӦŲСΣգҪȥҲȫҲ֤
˵ͷħԽ˵ЩԽֶȴᰲȫȥȻԵ齬ջͷħƴһеͼõˡ
ȻΪֶ˻㶣ȻҲǿһƽĺϻ۵ܹ²⵽ֶ˾ٱȻĿģͬûʣǴֶǻò٣ҪʲôȴЩôˡ
ţȥɣСĵ㣬ʱ㹻Ļǻš˼һ㣬˵ͷ
ֶЦŵ˵ͷȻĹŵСԴת
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ֶǰ˰֣һͨһԾĺˮ֮УȻԪ壬Ѹٵضźȥ
̽㣬ôҪȥǺף棬ǲǻʲôһżӵźϵ
̵ؿżӵһۣҪ֪㣬Ե̫࣬Сı
żӵԣæεص˵ͷٶ˵
Ըȥڴ˴ӪһЩΧҪչس
̻˻֣ȻԾһ֮ϣȻ˫ǺϣƬ̺󷽲ջأһգǳУȻ˫ĿҲϡ


ڰ˰ʮ ҽ֮

Ԫֶǿõֶͬ㣬һһּٶȶźȥ
Ǽ󣬵к󣬷Żֻ֣ᷢǱɽһǣУ߿ĺڰħĴһ㣬ЩëȻ
𽥵ףֶҲǲУȻûκε壬õĲ죬Ͼ˴ΪŨʺĵطŹֵǣӴĺ֮ڣȴС㶼֪ɢȥģֻһֹš
һĻҲֶͷһЩ֮⣬Ԫͬ㱼ڣۻ֫ٺʱ׼Ӧκεͻʡ

廮ˮϸ΢ĵڼžĺдֶڰĺףͻȻܹоˮ¶ȣƺ˲١
Щ졭ֶͷٶǱʮӺ޾ĺڰУͻȻһЩâֳͬʱˮ¶ȣҲȡ
ࡣ
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ѵǼһ˵ϢǼٵģֶüͷҡҡͷͷħԵĻȻȫţӦżʵӦҲּϢ̫ױ𴩣ʱֶֶΣضԲ˶ߡ
Īǡҽ棿
ֶĿתţͻȻͣЩðݵҽ棬Ƭ̣һУ춦ХһУȻŲٿŷ춦Ϊһ⣬·Ƭȵҽ
ͨ
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ͷ΢ЦֶֻǺϵԸҪҹżҵԮǲס
ֶϲ鷳Ҳʵ֮ˣܹĺôҪ֣ӦҲѡ
ô
ļ壬ʸô룬ӦûȤġΪܹܾջ󣬱Ͼ纣Ҫˣ֮ͬ䣬ҹͬأÿֻܹˣᣬʵҲǾһаˡ
üͼΪޣôȷ󣬲ǲ֪Ƿ㹻ֶںβ̿Ѿ̹ġ
ֶɣʱ˵˵ȤĻҹżԮΪĻǱ
ù̵ĻҲǵ˵ͷҲֻˡ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ʱ䣬ͬںҽ֮µĳ㳡֮ѸٶҽʯԱߣһӰϵԪɢ䣬ŵͳĺ֮
ˡ
ǵȺʱֶյ˫ĿȴͻȻüͷţ΢գԪ塭
һöֶʵҲһ֮о˾ԪĲΣ˵ٶ൱ֶ䣬ȴ⡣
Ҫﵽĳ̶ȣȻֹڴˣΣͻ
Ǹǿ߽֣ȻǸǿҪƴԪĻֶ޷ΪԵʣǿڵԪۻ̶ȣԶǿ߿ɱȣǵȰ̶ȣԽһԪǿ
ңƣԪĻָٶȵȵȣżİϾֻҪֱ۶ˣܹٶΪ֮
ֶħ֮У򣬻ǸΪĲпᣬû㹻ʵĪ˵ҪѰҵڶö¶Сס
ԣⴳ֮ʣ뽫ԼʵǸ̶ȣɣԲǿߣֶҲܹ䶷һ˳
ԣͻƵ֮ذ
ȻֶҲͻƵѳ̶ȣǱǰ벽ʵˮɣͻ̫ѣȴǲһ֮ǰʵŸոմﵽԪѣԼһöҲŴﵽԪĶ壬֮䣬ɻŲСľ롣
ˣҪ֣õҩǲеˡ
뵽˴ֶҲٶһһգһöС
ԭֶöö˹ţǰõһöһöȴͷħУֻǼһѻΪҽȱֶֻܰˡ
ֶǴͬ˫Ŀ΢Уһӣһ͸ƿٶȳУƿ֮УճıҺ壬ţһɼ˾˵ɢģȻֶҽʯõġ齬
ҵҪ󱦱ܽƣ
ֶƿбһĵ齬ǹõĵ齬ܹа˵Σÿһ̺֮ԶԶĳֶȻýóȻǴ㻨ѴѪˡ
һε齬ԲĴ飬ֶģǾشֶģɰ羫ɢֶϣҲȾһ˿ĺ
ֶе󱦱΢΢һҧȻٶȽ˫Ŀһ˿˿ĺߴ͸ƶϡ
ˣ
źߵĲƣһɹ֮ʱȻֶǶȻ쳣嫵ľȻضֶڹעȥ
ֶ΢΢ӿϵǿ壬ȻǿнɰĺȻ
Űӿֶ壬Ϣٶȳ˻ǣٶȻ죬ȴܹʵʵĸо
㳡УžΨżֶڴϸ΢Ԫ㳡֮УȻĻص
ʱ䣬ٶž֮УѸٶתۼ䣬ǰ¹ȥ
䡣
ǰ֮ʱʱҽʯ֮ԣǵӰҲ΢΢һ£ʱϢǱøǿᣬԪ̶ȣЩ벽ǿߡ
̶ֳȣɲֶҪģ
ҪͻƵ
ˣ
ǸӦֶеĵͺһ㣬ԪͻȻڴ˿̶ȻڣеԪӿ֮УǻΪΪԪɺתֶͷŭХڵ֮ǰȻײ
ײɲǣֶ壬ҲǷĲһĲѸٵɢֲ£ֶѪ⣬䶯
أ
ԪײͬкԪк䣬ײԴͷһƵɫͻȻƾյ
ˣ
Ƶɫ˲䣬ֶڷڵԪȻػһһ㣬СؽƵɫն
䣡
ԪƵɫգֶܹ˲ӦڵԪһ־˵ٶȱ
ԪǣֱǽھǳŵЩʹֶţͷſϲӿ֪һƵ
Լ
Ԫ񣡡
ֶѹеļһЩھ֮зǵԪѸٵӿ뵤֮У̾Ԫ֮ϵԪעȥ
ԪСС壬ʱȴ޵֮һ㣬߲ܣеԪǾա
ȰԪעֶԪ񣬻ӿĽҲ貣СС壬ͬʼøΪʵ䣬Ӱ֮״
䣡
ԪһԪҲǹעʱֶԪյ˫ĿҲǶȻһ貽⣬·͸ֶеطһֶܹоڲ·Ҳǽҫ£һϸ΢ɱ䡭
һָΪǿĸо
ৣ
ҽʯԱߣֶյ˫ĿȻͬʱһ쳣ǿϢҲڲסı
ֶǴﵽˣ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ΧӪʴһЩżӵΪĵشӵţ˴̸䣬Ŀⲻϵɨƽĺ
ںԵŲ˿ĺ棬üҲ΢΢ţֶǹȥһµʱ䣬ʱУȴûа㶯
̽㣬ⶼһʱˡڹ󣬹üµıʣȻЩǵϣƽǻ㹻ʱȴֶڣᣬǽаˡ
ǼٵȥĻǶҪϲˡ
ȥ̳Ƭ̣һҧҲʱĽȣֲֶôһѵõԮ
һԵĹԣǵ˵ͷ
ৡ
Ҳδˮ˾һģմǱȥʱͻȻһѸٺˡ
أ
θˣƽ֮ϣȻ޴ˮˮкǷ·һƬߵˮĻУһӰҲڹżӵܵĿӶԺԵ¡
ֶ磡ǵϤӰʱϲæӭȥ
ҲˮӰ΢Щɫ̲סʧ㡭ҲͻƵˣ

⻰һЩżӵܶʱ̲סػȻһЩ𶯵ĽֶţЩţǿǺֶڽ֮ǰֻǾԪʵҲҲõɹͻƵ
Ұˡ
ֶŹЦЦȴûжʲô
ԣҲֻؿֶһۣܹԼĲ²⵽ֶʵͻȻǣмǶֻǱסϣȴǶʧ˴˴ı
ȻԸźԸҲѣܿıǽ׿ͬʱеϲֶʵ˵δ׵ȹСɣھԪʱСɵǿ߶սʽ̤Σͬȼ֮Уٵ֣ܹΪǹżԮضܹΪǲٵʤ㡣
ʱ䣬鷳ˡֶЦŵóӦϣǻӦڰػţ˵ںҵ˸Ϊȫ֮⣬ȴǻøлһµġ
ҡҡͷԥҲûôĨǣĿⶢֶ˵ֶһ󡭡
Ŷ
ֶ˶Ц˵
ֶûһӦпЦһ£ȻǽԼ֮ǰ챻֮£˵˳
ҵǹżҵԮĹھ˵ֶüͷȴ΢΢𣬵
š
Ǹҳħز죬Щֶ֮룬Ȼҡͷܾ纣ҶӵŲʵֶǰżһùھǱȻ岻ˬ£Ըȥ
νû̫Ȥ
ֶľܾõΧһЩżӵеΣûʲô취ֻܿЦҡͷ
ſ˿ֶҲûаŹ˵ʲôȻҲ֪ǿֶʲôһ·ѾǺܶ࣬ҪĻȻЩôߡ
̿ЦһֶԸҲЩ˽⣬ԶԺߵľܾȴе̫⡣
˵ҲһЩˣƽҪһЩӵԵ޲ǽֺ˳ӣֶȴǾܾøɴ䣬Ͼȴǲһʣ޷ȣòʲôƣֶǰҲ𲻵˿á
ֶ֪ôֶܾҲδָ۹һ˿ֶʵ
ֶ΢΢ҡͷ
һԶأ˵֮Уܹһֺ֮߱ϴ跥ǣǿЧں֮ĳˢ£̥ǣܶǿߣҪԵ̽͵
ǿ壿ֶüͷ΢һ£ûбֳ̫ȤϾ壬ǿ
Ǻ֮ڵĺ飬̺һЩ֮һöɫʯǳУָһʯֶ
ֶһץסʯ飬ʯ֣һƬ䣬һçİζɢʯ飬һһ˿֮ɢ
ˡ
֮ɢǱֶеĺ鼸˲仯ΪĩȻǸоһЩ϶Ȼӿ֮С
ǹĳֶ֣֮УͻȻӿ䣬֮
ֶɫΪӿ΢е仯Ϊ컯ȻڴʱԶתȻ춯ΪǺ֮е¡
֮ƺ壬ȷżǿá
ȻЩŵ
ֶȻոʱһǿͻȻȻֱһ̬ǹɺ֮ǿеȥ

ɺ֮ߣֶʱͼǹɺ֮ͷǱֶæѹסˡ
ġ
ֶɫøĹ죬Ϊ֣֮ģȻڵʯ
ˡ
ǹɺ֮ʯ֮Уţôδй̫󶯾ʯһ˿ɢ֮УûκεϢֻһ̰󡭡
ǶԺ֮
ʯҪǺ֮
ֶ΢΢˳һθӦʯҪ󡭡
ʯֶ൱ⶫԶ֮Ϊ۷ǿ߷֮Ӵ֪߱ڵʯܵصشҲ˵ܷʯÿĻԵ
£飬ĪǱǻʯ
ֶĿҵ˸Ƭ̺͵̧ͷ̣һЦ
̹Ǻôܽȥ


ʮһ 
ֶ˻ʱ̵ϣҲһĨǳǳЦݸֳֶ̣µĺ򶯲ĻǿԮ֮£Ҳֻˣһβûﵽ̬ĳ̶ȡ
ϱÿ꿪һΣֻһܹĹھǱܹ

ֶüͷ΢壬Ȼû뵽˵ϡ٣ⶫȻϣҪνᳶϹϵ
ֶܹҹżһھһ˵н֮һ㣬Σ̵
ֶüƽĶۣЩ֮Թʯıʣȴõòһ£˵ΪֶֹδܸоʯʲôͷǺ⣬ԺȷΪ
ȻǰǱ취ʯѡֶãȴ޽չʯ̫£ܽ޸
ҲΪˣֶһθоʯл̲סЩϾʷĵһΡ
ġ
ֶĿ˸ðκ󣬷źݺݵһҧħǿƣеĻңǿֶ̫࣬Ѱҵڶöҵ˵һ֮սִսɲ֮ͬǰЩЩ̤ϹֶΪ֮ۺ졣
ԣΪܹ˳ĵõڶöֶҲǿԼֶΣȻʯǿһ֡
ܹһңҿ԰æ˾ֶҲͲԥ̧ͷŹһЦ
һΪȻһЦ˵ͷ
⣬ϣʱܹһħͼֶҪĺͼ̽ǵڶöȷλá
ͼһ£룬Ҳǵ˵ͷͼȻϡǹżһõó
Ȼ֪ͼʲôҵȸ㣬ħӴԶԶһЩδ֪δ̽νͼҲֻ̽ķΧ
Ȼδ̽ĺ򡭡ֶԸ鷳û뵽ħӴȻֿµĳ̶ȡ
Щδ֪򣬿ֻкһ̽⡣̵
һ壿ֶ㶣Ȼǵһ˵塣
ħУΪǿʲôԼ壬Ǻһ壬ں֮Уħе֮İֶ֪ħԶ֪ЩʶϢҲе֡
ħУ۸ӣ࣬ޣ˴˼侺̫࣬طҲΪΣա
Ȼ˵ΣգԣźôҪΪǿߣĥز١
ֶԴ˵ΪȻͬʵǷڶһĲΣħһУֻ㣬⵹˵Ԫԣǵ츳ȹһִ󻷾£ңħӵеԴҲԶǶɱȡ
ȻҲ˵ĳԪţڵȵȣǷħҲضа綴һ뢰ĴڣЩɵĵ̣ĳ̶ֳȶԣħֲȶĻʺ˳Ĵ
ȻӦˣҲɣڴ˴һ֮࣬ᣬֻаʱˣԼĴҵһЩ鱨·һϸ˵̵
ΧһЩżӵܣҲ˷ܵͷǶʶֶǿȻҲΪҵǿԮϲ˴εᣬǹżңӦܹ¶ͷˡ
ֶԴ˵ûʲôͷΧĹżӵܼ״ɢʰӪأ׼鵺
ֶվԭæµˣҲһӦȥμʲôᣬͬ˼ֵ˽пռŲƣȴΪԪĹ󷨣ڵֶҲ֪СС׶ηǷȫ
ԣѰŵڶöʱֶҲþССѰҵħӴҪһ˼ֱȴ뻹ѣᣬƲСǲμӣӦûᴫһЩʱСС׶˵֪Ҳܹ֪Ϣǰϡ
ϣǶȻɡ
ֶƫͷЩɬңԶĶ˫ȴǻؽ
ԪϹ˵ֶٻض֮ʱԪ֮գ
ԡǣ͸ϴɾӵŰɣ
ֶ촽֮ͫУɺӹɭɱ⣬

鵺һǣһӴĳ޴Ȼ֮ϣųƤȥļ̣Ǿ޴Ĵϣһ޴ĹżӭƮȻ޴Ӧñǹ˵ĺ֮ˡ
ħ޾֮УĪ⣬κεѶʱ֣ԳЩʵ൱ǿǿߣȻˣʵʵĽƾ޴ļںкС
ż֮ϣȻ˲ٹżӵפأ˵ֶŹһϴʱҲһЩɻĿ⡣
С㡣һߣڹϴ֮ѸӭȻ󹧾رȭ
壬ɣȥᵺ̶˵ͷȻԸ
ǡߵ˵ͷǶĿ⣬ȴǿ˹ֶ
Ǵ˴ԮֶЦЦ
Ŷ
һ£ĿЩصֶɨɨͶ˶ȴû˵ʲôֻɫ΢еŹ֡
ֶģֻǵһЦȻ˵ϴĿԶĺƽ棬޾Ĵ󺣣΢΢Щ
С㣬ΪүˣȻλСֵܵԮģ߼ֶ߿˵
ţ
΢΢ͷü΢ô
ǰõϢǹżҲһλԮҲʶǵǸͼĵغīΡ
ԣնʱ΢΢һ䣬ЩŭصôǸһ
ǼһȻᣬϾҲСɶʵ纣һͷҲҲû취Ͼʱִ١
߿ЦһһֶıӰλСֵܵԮһʱīεӣҪѿġ
ô˻ϵŭͻȻɢȥӹһ˿ټĽȻ૵
ùѿʱ֪˭˭ϣǼһԼܹ㣬ȻĻȡ裬Ҳֲˡ
ԣ㶣û뵽̶ֶȻôģҲٶ˵ʲôֻܵ˵ͷ˿ʼߺȡ
ߺУǾ޴ĳ޴ҲǿʼӭǲкգźѸٶȥ


ʮ ᵺ
޾Ĵ֮ϣӿһ޴ͷԶӿݺݵĴڴ֮ϣĺ¡֮
ֶվڴͷ߿ͷĺƽߣζõ˵ľЩܡ
뿪鵺ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҲڲͣЪĸ·֮У;ҲһЩƿµĹŹִֵȻҲõֶЩԵħĿֲ֮ңżҵ˾ḻЩҲδʲô
Ǵ˴ȥĵطᵺͬҲǺ֮أҵǿرأÿֻῪʼʱ򷽲ŻῪÿʱ򣬶ǿ߻۶ȥϾᣬ˵ҲһСʢ¡ֶԣ˵й顣
һ˵һ֮Ľ棬ԼԮҲô׶ΣԸԮҲ඼纣Сǿߡ
ǵó⡣ֶЦ纣ûȫһС
֮ˡЦֶʵԪʱܹʰһɷʦС˾ԼСɵǿߣοֶʵǣʽСɵľ磬˵δ׵ȹ˭ܷս
չ̵Ĳ²⣬ֶսȫС֮Уٵ֡
ֶÿɷ񣬵ļʲôѲô
ĴʵǲһУҲ˱κңģκ棬ʵǴﵽСɶ壬˵֮ڳɡ΢΢أ
ŶֶлһĨ죬ͷħһУȻܹˣСɶ壬ڶ򣬶Ѿܹǿˡ
ңռҵңμҵγʵҲֲΣ൱Ѳ
أֶǻδ˵һ塣
ҡ壬̵΢е㲻̫ȻЦһ£ʵǿļ壬ȥھá
һУΪģͷ纣򣬿˲֪
ֶ΢ʢ֮ʿȻܹ纣ͷǱȻ൱ı¡
ǼһѴﵽɵľˡͬǾ壬ҵ֮ѱ¯ĵزǰЩʱϢ˵һɵǿ߽֣һԷܡ̿ЦҡҡͷΡ

ֶ˵ͷȷǺݽɫ
纣źһռݵϯλá̵
ֻǵֶһ£е㶯ݣΪܹ纣һ֮ǿˡ
š̵˵ͷһǬǬǬڶа綴Сڤл֣˲纣һĴڡ
ֶнĬһЩ̾ħһ򣬵ȷҪʤһﰡ
ȻҲ٣Ͼû֣˭Ҳ˵̵
һεᣬΪϽĹھԲҪսֻҪɡ

ţĴҵĲߣֻһߵ󣬲սңӮˣɻˣھҵġ
ͬްھռ˲ٱˡֶ̾Ҳòμ֮ǰļҾݴͣȷܹռˡ
ھŴˡ
̶ԴҲЩΣҲû취̾һ˷ضڳ·Ĵң˭ûܹȥ
˻ǹԱᣬȻҲֶʵͬϾͷ̫սõ֮ͬԲλ࣬ԣڴ˴εĹھҲû̫ġ
ֶЦЦûж˵ʲôûȤȥǿݣǴ˴ʯԵʣ֮ᣬûȻһ޸ʯȻԡǽҪˡ
Ҫǰ棬ǱֻС˰
ֶ˫΢ĿңԶĺ棬ٶƻۣһױ۳Ρ

ֻںϺԼʮʱֶԵظоĺ涸ȻһҾ޴˷Хǰ۶ȥǷ򴬻ģ൱׳ۡ
ᵺˡվڴͷǳ߾ͷӴ½أҲӹһĨϲɫ
ֶ̧ĿȥģֻһƬΪ½أνĵ죬Ȼ쳣Ӵ󣬼⺣ϴֻƼȴ˿Եӵ
ǹżҵĴֻ
ǴͷǹżҵĹ̰ɣ٣ȷǸˡ
˵żҵĹǰЩʱ˴ˣ޷սˡ
޷սǹżҴ˴׶༪˰
ǰ
ŹǵĴֻᵺΧҲŲĿͶڼϵġšʱ̲סЩ˽
Щü΢΢һأһӣֻѸٵʻǹżרõͷŲٵĹżһھš
ֶ߰ɡ
ôֻ𽥵ؽӽתͷֶ˵һȻһӳԶͷ֮ϣֶԼ󿣬ŵȹżӵܣҲѸٵظȥ
̽㣬ڸˣ
̸ո԰µ棬ǲԶŲٹżӵܴӵóڹżһУλǲ͡
̳ЩżӵܵͷȻתһӣ塣
󣬻һģ൱ݵӣʱЩȵضẒ́ƺߣȴǽĿֱӸˡ
Ǻǣ˾ͺáǱ̳ΪЦŵ˵ͷڹɨɨЩϲصͻˣ
ţ鵺õһö֮ͻƵ̵ͷ
Ǽʱ갡
ϲɫÿ벽ָЦС̣īΣҲİˣ˴ǹżԮ
̹ּˡзȵĳŹ΢΢һЦ
ƽؿīһۣȻҲÿӣ¶ֶϸָָţ裺壬Ҵ˴Ԯֶ
̻һ䣬ԼΧЩżӵܶʱһ㶣΢ЩŹֵؿЦݿʼīΡ
ֶͻȻŹգҲĸͷۣ˵ǲīεתǿݵϣȴһĨЦЦζЦݸֳ
һո̤ϢЩ鸡ȵˣȻҲܱΪԮ̹ⷬΪδ⣬Ҳ̫Ϸ˰ɣ


ʮ 
īεشȴõô˴΢΢Щ̣ΧĹżӵܶЩεһĻīֲôεļ֮൱ϰߡ
⣬īʱǵߣҲǿʼֶϢȷʵﵽСɶīȣȻһЩ࣬Ҳī纣һнŲСµֶȴ֪˭Ҳ֪ǹ̴ӺδԮˣܶ죿
ȡ
ǹ״ҲǸɿһ˿ֶȻŹЦС̣Ҳ֪ǹżǾƲ˵˴ҲͻƵСɣȻ޷ı̫࣬īεʵĿãʸ졣
̶֪īβҲֻΪֻǹѰһˣͼīεԮλã¹غǹżڴ˴֮еĳɼԿݲùʹСӡ
ֶʵһ۱ǿ˳ģϢ鸡ӦڽЩʱ䷽һЩĵرǿͻƵһӣʵīȣʵЩԶˡ
壬Ҳû˵ЦֶΪżԮʵʤΡȻŹĻȴҡҡͷص
Ŷ
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δͻ֮ǰһɷʦС˾ԼһСɵǿС

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ڰ˰ʮ 
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ԣīμæͷֻôʱŲպǱǰķΧԲ֮⣬һɫǱҪѿжѿ
īɫѿʱΧҲһЩ𾪵ǹ裬ˣɫҲǳ׵


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սóϵѸ٣˵ڴһҴսĳʱȴǷ֣ս˽ǽ൱ĳϡ
һĿ⣬Ͷɫ׽īΣƬ̺˷𽥵ػعһЩ𶯵ĻȻ
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ֶеƣȻ̧ͷŹ˶¶һЦݡ


ڰ˰ʮ ԩ·խ
˶Ŀ¶µĴȡƵֶϵû̫ĶУȴŲС𶯡
Բǿߣֶ֮ʵ֪˶٣ԪѹǻˣǹǣȻЩԳܣȻǰֶȴǼԪѹ
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һԵĹ죬ҲЩһĻ˶ԪѹжǿȫʢʱڣҲȻֶݡ
С̣˴㵹ȷһð֡ƫͷԵĹԼ
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лֶ΢һĽȻõġ
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˶Բʵȷ൱ǿ̶ֳȣǳԽ˵ĵĵɵԪѹһЩɵǿߵЩѣϧǣѹӵֶԣȴû̫ѹá
Уڶż֮ȥֶһЩ˽ǰֶɵĶŹ˶ԪѹȡƣҲĸо㵡
ֶ򵥰治֪ðģ纣һУû˵ﰡ˶һЦ
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⵹ǲ˵СӣҲʡ͵ĵưֶһܲԮīθʺϡ
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ϣ˵ɣҹżһھһкη
΢΢ͷԶֶʧӰ촽򣬻˴εᣬǻЩʰֻǿϧ޷֡

գůʱӴޱȵᵺҲǶȻ֮һֱ
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ţÿҿԳˣżߣ˳֡΢Ц
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ֻҪֲֶϺȱáЦЦȻٶ˵תȥ棬ֶҲѸٸϡ

ᵺģһΪΰľɽʱɽ֮УȴǱɽűָڶƽ̨ȥ׳ۡ
ֶһ˸ϵ˴ʱɽΧɽ˺֮ϣʱʱƷ֮쳹һӰͬȳ¡
տʼϷһЩǿߵдԣΪϣҲɫǿߣǳΪ֮еĻԼ
ǺǣڹĴǼߣԲǿ߶ϣܹҿУϾħֵطܹЩпȻǺõģҼ廹ΪṩҪ
ֶһɽȻ󻺲żϯλڼ䣬Ҳ΢ЦŶֶϸá
ֶţĿ΢Цͷȴûڴ˶˵ʲôǷģ·δ£֮һ㡣
״һĨʧŻѸٵת
һյִżϯλɫ԰׵Ĺ״ҲֶЦŹ˹֣˵һɨɫ𽥵ѿ
ֶĿ˳ŹȥȴǼԶͬŴӿ볡УУһϤӰκɡ
κҵôֶ˫Ŀ΢УΪιɫѿ
ֶɨκɣȻͣǰӰһŻ£䱳һοŵĴ󵶣䣬ŸԵĵɢ
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ֶɨˣ΢ܹоӿǿҲ൱ѲĽɫ
Ǳӱκҵκ棬κһʵǿˣκҵɽҲǱ¯ĵزỺصֻУֶһЩء
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ֶҴʦܣˡ
ֶ˫Ŀ΢Уԩ·խ


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ɱɣǴа˶УضӲʱԳ֣ΣգֶûǶ˽һΪá
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ֶ΢ҲԸм֣аֻԲĻҲرľ壬򲻹ҪߺҲû취һ̤ĻǾЩͬˡ
ԪԪϢ纣ͶɢĪܣ߱żΪЧǶ֫ҲܹʵﵽԲǿߣ弸һα״̬൱ǿ
˵ǿĻôǿɱ֮£ﲻ棬ƻ˵Ŀֲңʴ壬޷޸Ҳ˵޸ЧǰЧ
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ǲԶĳ޼״ҲǵһЦνƣȵʱڳԶֵĻá
ǱɱֵͽôǺǣֲ̫ŭܲġκ濴һֶ΢Ц
Ƿ＼ˣɱҲԼãϾʦܣ´ȥҲãһǵһ¡Цص֮Уνʦܣȴûĸ飬ǰõһԵһЩκ֮ҲֻܸЦӦ͡
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ǱǺһأң
λ纣кպǿߣǰ糽ޣҲޱȵļɵ

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Ǳռңͷıң˵Щأ֮ǰռһףȴѰһŲأһùඥУԴƽӹ̶꣬ǳΪռһǿˡ
ڽʱУҲ½ҲĵΪֶЩ֡
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˴εᣬҲЩ֮ľʡ

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ֶ˫Ŀ΢У̧ĿȥȻչǩңҲ̧ͷţһЦЦУŨŨս⡣
һĶ֣ռô


ڰ˰ʮ 
ǵһֵĶ֣ռҰ̧ͷŹǩӵķ΢
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ܹġֶĵصֶ̬ܵȻеڶζ
˵ͷеĹǩʱһΪֶˣҲǩɣĶ֡
ȥһöǩǩոյ֣һԶȻռҵķһĸߴһ
ռҵ̩ӣüȴ΢΢һ£ȻǶԺЩ˽⡣
ֶ֣ҲɡŹ̵Ķ֣üҲ΢ֶ΢Ц
ֶͷȡһǩ죬űĿע£һͨеĹǩ

ⷬһ֣ʱһЩȻһĿ⣬ϵֶɨţһЩ˽ҲѸٵش
ƺǹżҵ˰ӦԮɣôİ
ϢǴﵽĵزӦòŴﵽ⾳粻ãʵҲҽа壿
żҴ˴ƺЩù̩ռһңṇ̀ȴǲŸոͻƵ
ǰż൱Σհ

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ڰ˰ʮ 
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飡
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ֶҲ֣һץסǵ󣬼бֱ۶һ׺ʱ籡
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飡
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ǺǣֶܹżΪԮʵȻУնͷ·ֶصһĨЦ¶
Ҳ
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أ
ȭ棬ۻԪ˰ϯ䣬ּХ֮ǡ
һȭƣֶҲ΢΢һһգһ޴ĺɫɱǵųУȻֱ𣬺ݺݵȭӲһ

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ȻҵǿƽֶҲû˿ݱܷâļ˽Ǿḻ֮ˣһ·磬ǱؽԷĹǣ֮С
ˣǱİԵȭ罵ʱкҲ˲仯Ϊ籩ԪעУ֮ϣڹţݺݵЩȭӰһ

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貵Ĺâڳбǹɿµˣ˲ÿĹ㳡Уһ͹ӿ
Ե΢ЩģһӰԶɢȥͦεӰͫҲ̲ס
Ըô
촽ţû뵽Ĺ̶ֳȣȴֶȴû̫˺ߵʵԶԶϡ
ѲĶ֡ȻǱ߾ȫ
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һĻͫȴǲɵȭͷ΢
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塣


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ⶸȻԹ㳡֮ϯ˶ܹ֮ҵ壬Ȼڴʱ䶯
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˺ֱѸ㳡Ե쳣Ĵ̶ֻҪǶ˽ˣȴһƬأȻǶں仯Ϊļɵ
ȻǺ塣ҧ촽䶯͵ң૵
˵壬Զǿߺħѧܹǿ̶ȣһܹ޸Ч󻯣ڴ߶֮Ǵ߶֮ˣڲ֮ءɫصص
ӡֶǵһս˰
ΧĹż֮ˣҲصصͷȻУǹżܷһ֣͵ÿֶܷⳡսȡʤˡ

壬ôôǿ˰κҷκųе˫Ŀ΢УЦ
ȷЩŵκԣǳҲЩע֮еӰ
ҵռһǿˣǴ߶壬ҳҲǻ鷳ƺСһֵʸûˣǸ߿
κ΢Цͷû£Ȼ볽жԹżҵĹϵ㽫סʱɳִá
޵ĮһЦ˫ָ߶ųУҲȵܹл˵ˡ

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𽥵ɢȥһʮҵľӰȴǳ˳УǵӰͨ尵죬ԶԶȥƺǸһ㰵ɫĽʲ㣬â磬һ˿֮ɢ䱳󣬻һչԵżİǴ̡
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⣬һ峺֮߰ͻȻĿ쳹ʣٽţ˱Ǽ֮У쳣Ӵ쿪
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ʩչ˺ңȻֶһƻ


ڰ˰ʮ ʤ
ԭĹ㳡Ȼڴ˿̰˲٣һ㳡֮УһЩڵľ㵡
˭δ뵽ʩչ˺µңȻֱӱֶһƴܡ
żϯλϣ˽ȻһĻƬ̺󣬷ڵľϲ֮ɫӿա
ǿЩأܹӦǰֶ֮֮У̺һɼΪµҵıƴУռ˾ԵϷ硣
ڵĻҵЩ˵ĻˡܹǸһｻ֡
ƫͷӹλżһϣܹһ˿֮⣬Ȼǰֶչֳʵõ̤ƽеɡ

ѹܹɱɡʵ
˫Ŀ΢еǱĹ㳡Ȼٿնӣ촽򣬻ص
ʱԭһЩӣҲǾţڼʶֶǾһ֮ǻĻӵĻ޴ľ͸ˡ
ԣκüͷҲ΢΢һ£СӾʲô·ʵܻ纣򼮼
κ룬ȴûд𰸣ֻҡҡͷżԮȷǹҲڵĻκҴ˴εΣˡ
ôƾǹŮˣȴгɼ
޻ͷżǱߣڿҲֶܹγвŮдãֱԣ⿿ֶһȻҲ޷Ͼֻʤһǡ
뵽⣬ȴʧЦҡͷֶʵȷȴԶԶûﵽ̶ֳȣǹڵĽ߿ˡ

ֶգͷ˿㳡Ϣήҵңȴḧһұۣʱֱ۴һľ״̬ԭƤζҲʧȥ
ֶʵ컯Ҳ𲽵ıھͬǰʩչġӡǰѹĿȷɵģҲǸĿֲ
ģΪأΪǼ򵥵Ԫֶġơ
ֹƣֶܹ۳ĵֱ֫УԴͷͬҲ컯ľڡ
ܹ֮߱ǿ⡰ơҪһ
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Ŀұ˲뿪ֶҲתӻعżϯλЩżӵÿǰߵĿУһЩ壬֮ǰɣǳ׵׵ɢ
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УֶսĽҵߣٶһֱԵĿʼ˴ζսģκμҡ
ҵĽ֣˵˵ʣȴû̫κκԼʵǿμ˵赲̩κмʮغϷ֮⣬ǴܣսȻʱҲ˳õκҽһ֡
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ʱȫӦյһؽ䶯纣ľ֮սɡ


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ʨӲȫ¼˲֪٣ֿԣⷬмɫȴһ
΢΢ƲƲ죬ȴٶ˵ʲôֻ񣬵û̫ı仯

μ״Щε̾һһΪĴڣʮ㣬ɲʲô顣
ߵִֶȴǲδʱУֻʯ֮ǰĻӰ
߻ɢİ粨ֶƤķźĶְ

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ʱԨ֮ޣӣҲһǷɭ
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еĽ֣ǵʯˣ˼Ÿոս֣մֶǳƣŻȻ

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Ȼֶ׺ȭ磬ȴһЦû˿˱ܣڹȭͷͬǺȻֱֶȭӲһ
ײɲǣһԳд̶ĴһȦϯʮڵĿʱľը
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Ȼܹƴƴ̶ֳȡ
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ΪصĺŮӣҲҲЩ仯ųͬͷʨ׺Ӱȭͷ䵽֮Ϸĵͳ̲֮סЩľ
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ӽڴﵽֵֶƣҪʤ磬Ҳʲô׵¡գ˵ɻǿӲ֮УȻһЩ뵣ǡ

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ֶǰȻһصǸӮˡ


ڰ˰ٰʮ Ļ
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ӺϣǸܵһּΪŨɱ⣬ɱ⣬塣
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һĿϢήңӸ԰׵нһֵ̾һʤ൱ȷֻǽȴõĵĸӡ
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˵޵ҲһḬ֮̃ɫֶմ֮ΪõѧȤܹõĻʵҲضż

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ϣõ޸ɡ
ֶڵ𶯣Ҳ¶һĨЦݣ̧ͷǹϵĺ


ڰ˰ٰʮ 
ᵺĻ𱩣ĽҲ𽥵ؽȥЩǿߣڹĦһΪĽԼҲĸ½ȥ
ȻȥʱҲǽһֶɵ𶯴˳ȥ޵꣬Ҳǿʼ֪䣬纣֮ɢ
ֶɢ̫ȤΪѰСС׵Ļɢı⡣
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ֶͷʵδﵽһ̶֮ǰǵýʯúõڵʯ˵û취̫Եİȴӵż˷ḻľʶҲֶȱģԺ棬ܹʯòٵջ񡭡
뵽˴ֶҲһһͨڰ˲ĹĤȻתߣȻʯ֮˹ҲûıҪˡ
ֶȥ֮УҲٶžǵڰ˲У˵Ȼţبˡ


ڰ˰پʮһ 鷳
ǰһЩӰǵĿ⣬ǰǾ޴ʯǽյţֶУѾһµʱ䡭
һ֮УֶûκҪļõù˶൱ľ㵣˵Ƕ֪֮еĺ֮ŴЧֺ֮ҲǸĳأҪһµʱ䣬ɲʲô򵥵顣
ʲô˰ɣţЩǵص
ӦްֶʵˣԸԼֲȥһ˳Լ˶
Ǻǣʵܹںмһµʱ䣬ɲҲֻм˶ʮʱ䡣
ǼһǸ̥΢䣬ϸ΢ĶտȥĶˡ
ȷǸ̥ǸһЩɳʱ䣬ħһϯ֮ء˶˵ͷϧϧȴ޷Ϊҹżá
ӥǲľһģǹżҶԣ̫Сˡ
˵С۹̫ߣҹżҴСԳ޷סСӣѵ֪ϲܹӵͷŵһͷô˶Ц
ù˶Цղɵ÷һĨ糺죬Ҳǹεص˿ңҲû취
˶״ҲһЦ˵ɫȴͻȻһĿתǽһʱĺţСƺҪˡ
ԣҲѸٵתƶȥ
¡¡
Ŀתƶȥʱǽһʱĺʯţڴ˿̷ͳĺ֮һɹϵĺ֮ͬʱһӰҲǻ谵л߳վůҫ¡

ֶһµĿȻ󷽲֮ǰĹ˶ˣҲһĨЦݸֳ
˶Ժֶ߳Ҳ̲ס΢΢һܹоʱֶһ֮ǰȻŲСı仯
ֱֵ仯ҲǱϵģֻƾһָ֪ܹоݵ֮£ƺ̺һɼ˾бըԵĿ
һ֮ǰΪǿͣ
ǺǣֶСһ¿ޣǳ˶еľȻЦ
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ݻˣֶСҹżҿһò˶ЦŰ˰֡
ֶЦЦżңһЩøУ˵˴ҲûСҲûʲôӲŵĲ֮¡
ֶ⼸պǷ籩ʱڣĻв㣬ᵺգΣȻЦ
ԣֶԥЦŵ˵ͷ˹żҲٺôںô־ƨˣƺҲȷе㲻ÿ
ֶδܾҲϲɫЦ绨ģ
߰ɣȻعżЪϢ¡˶״ҲһЦȻֶһ£ԹҲǵʱ˽Ӵһ£˵ۣżҴ˴οɾջһǱǿˡ
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ף
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˶ϣô죿˶ʵаȻ߲ƣ˵ֶʵһǶ⣬аֺ纣ǿȣŲСĲࡣ
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ֶԣͷ΢ůһ£˶ϲˣҵ˽£óżҡ
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ֶͶ˶ͷ˶̵һЩøУϾˣΪһСȥааǿߵġ
ͬԼ˼аڶڿֶأҲһᵺԡҲ취ǰ
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ֶ˫Ŀ΢УңңԶεʣƷȻ쳹ǹǿԵϢҲδ˿ڣֱᵺϿա
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ֳĿ⣬ȴͬ߰㣬ɨᵺڣĺͬһ㣬¡¡ڵϿգ


ڰ˰پʮ а
ᵺϿգ̤նĺۻԪİ£ͬһڵϿպ¡¡쳹š
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аˣϹڵᵺʲô
˭ɱĵӣӵǲСѵ֪ϹΪԵô
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а̤Щݵ۾綾һɨᵺЩе˽Ҳк΢ЩӾ硣
ʦ
ڴʱԶͻȻƷӰΪߣǳޣĻߣæ
ޣɱʦܵͽ޷ȻҪϷǰа˿һ۳ޣص
аⷬǳ޶ͷʱ亹ֳæҲԽСץʦǰãǼһʵ൱ǿᣬĶ֣ҡ
Ŷ
аԣĿҲ΢΢һҵ֮Ҳ˵ССܹͣɣ츳ۣ纣һУܹʤߣҲ֮еλû뵽ڣȻֳһˣ
ںδа˵ص˾кεȵ츳ȴ򲻸ɱĵӣ˷ǲ֪СĻպ˭ΪаԼĵӶס
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żô
а˫Ŀ΢Уɨۻٶ쳹˶ϣҲǹżҽԣ뽫ɱҵӵСӽɡ
Զɽϣ˶ϵҲ΢ЩĿ΢΢˸һҲգȻа˱ȭЦǺǣаˣ
аƽעŹ˶ȴǲôЦֻǵص˶ϣҵĵӱɱڿûɡ
˶ϣ㻹ǽֶɡһԵĳҲЦų
˶΢üаˣֶҹżҵĹͣҲʲôԹᵺȴǲǶ֡
˼ԸΪһСҽˣаӹһĨ֮⣬ص
˴аͻȻԶɽ壬Ŀ⣬綾߰㣬ֱһݵӰ
СӣɱҵӰɣ
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Ϸ򲻹ʲôͷһһСϷΪǵӸˣаɱضֶһ̤ͬ˲ư㣬ֱӳɽϿգа׹һգһԪƥǺХֶϯȥ
аˣᵺɲҰĵط
ǹ˶״ҲŭһͺȣαǳֶǰһȭԪӿһȭǵԪƥɢȥ
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ݣ
źŵıըʱڶƷ֮żҵǿߴĴƬУĿ⾯Ľа˸š
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׷΢üͷ壬ˡԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬϣܿҹżҵϡ
ֻҪСϷǰԷΪϷаĿֶĮص
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йżһ㣬ϷҲҷ㣬
аһĨɭɭЦݸֳкâһâͻȻбȻһ־˵ٶֱֶڡ
ⱲҪᵺϷˣǸҳ˵һϷףʲôɥ֮Ȯ
а˴˻ֶ˫ҲǻգЩϹǷ˰


ڰ˰پʮ 
ʱϷᵺСӣ⵺Ϲһӣ
Ҫ͵͵ߣ˹ӡĹ裬ӵϷĸ֪
ߣϷȻ˵ҪСǾ˱ס
ϣаĿضֶһЦһӣǴǳ޶ᵺκڵķȥ
а˵룬⽣ŵշ𽥵ɻЩżǿɫЩأϾаˣ൱ѲĽɫ
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ֶǵ˵ͷûǿʲôа˵ȷΪѲڵʵҪǱҪСġ
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˶״ҲͲٶ˵䣬תȥֶһҲѸٸϡ
ǵϵǿ߼㻢ͷβճɵЩźֶҪΰµҲ൱ĺ棬ѵᵺϣһֱĹȥɣ

ķ֮Уֶڴ֮ϣ˫Ŀգ֮ⲻϵ˸ţԪҲ֮ӿһ˿˿֮֮УѰڵĹӡ
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Ҳá
֮Уֶʯ֮鴫ϢĿ˸ҲǻһĨȡ


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վҪ뿪
ֶ˵⻰ʱ֮ȻżΪ㵵ɫֳü΢ǰ꣬һ뿪ᵺа˾ͻֵġ
˵ֶ֮ǰսʤõʵϾµаˣɲһɱȵİ
һֱҲǰ취аˣһ취ԸġֶЦЦ
ʯ֮֮а˵ļɵһЩҲҪ˳뿪ᵺа˵鷳Ǳܲġ
üӽضֶʵЩֶģȻԼܹԸа纣ͷ൱ǿߡ
Ŀ⣬ֶҲ΢ЦӣƬ̺󣬹εתĿ⣬ȻѾҲǿº̬չ޷ƿأʱᵺǹżһӻ
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š
ֶЦŵͷתͷᵺһУȴź𽥵ӿ
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ݣ
һ޼ʵĴ֮ϣһӰһ־˵ٶȱӶǵȸ٣˺˿·ĺϣһˮۡ
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ڰ˰پʮ а
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Ԫ֮ô
аĿ⵭Įյķ춦ЦҵСô뿪ᵺԭŴԪ֮ΪƾⶫܵסϷĻ̫˵㡣
첻棬֪ˡֶͬЦ
֪ߵغСӣΪʸϷǰҲգϷĳôôħ£ûʵ֮ǰʵʵĹţſ񣬳ôĶ֪акɭȻ
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Ӱĳаˣڼӽʱֶһħʬڱ͵رΪ񱩵ĲȻ壬Ȼֱڴ˿ıը
䣡
񱩵Ĳڴ˿кֿ͵سǽа˶һǵŷ춦ԪҲһ¡
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СӣãȻֱԱ˿ܡаضֶص
᲻úײǣһ߿ܹһ벽ǿߣҲֵáֶЦ
ԲѵĶΪϷⴿԪ֮סϷ򲻳ɣаһ͵һӰӹգΣȴǹȰسֶǰ̺ſԪƷ磬ֱӵͷֶŭĶ¡
ݣ
ֶռŤĳâǰ֯ɹܣ˵Ǳаһ飬ɲǼ䣬ֶȴԶԶݿ
춦֮ڣֶܹܵıҲֻܹа󻯵ΪԼյֶȡʱᡣ
һĿգаֱһа׹ȾǻΪһɭ׹⣬ֱӶգһ޷ݵٶȣֶԴ
ֶαˣһգɫɱֳȻԪעУһӣҲǻΪһڹӳǰ׹ݺײ

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ֶһЦҲϻòײŽϼһסʩչɱеΨһᡣ

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أ
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ֶɫ԰׵̧ͷĿѪĻ棬ֶΣǰһѾû취ʩչڶΣԣȻаˣǵùľ͸ˡ
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ڰ˰پʮ Ѫħ
һ޼ʵĺ֮ϣԣʱʱž͵ķӹĽΪƽĴ˼
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ʱĸ·Уֶ;Ҳܹٵ̴żУлһЩϢ鱨ʱȴڶԵĸ·
ʱƣֶľ룬ҲǿʼԽԽӽ

ݣ
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ֶ΢ЩŲѪ˶еӰħҲ֪һЩħΪǿޣǺһ壬һͬ˵ӴѪħ壬൱һ壬׺ɱƣ˵ŲɣѪħ彻ֱӱ¾
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ôԣЩɷӰʱӦȣȻХ֮ɢһ㣬ƬѰȥ


ڰ˰پʮ Ůͯ
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ƬĳһСϣţֶ֮ԣϼŵĿ㣬ɢŵζ
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Ц£ЩˣжǷ˺


ھŰ ϼս
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ڹ׸֮ȻֱǺݺݺǵѪɫƥ֮ϡ
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˵ѸȥƬٶȱðΨźƯʮ߱ʬ壬֤ǰ˵ľս


ھŰ ̳
ħУһƬԶΪ֮أⲻΪƬԵʣڴ˴汦ĿֲҲħеǳԽ纣
γɣǧӶɣ˵ʵһƬ½أȻ︴ӵĲǵΣи۽ĳ̶ȣ߻ӡ
ȻΪǿȻ̸Īӵеʵ̣纣֮е죬ֻǿҼħУ̸ŲƵ
̸ͳ£ֻҵǺ࣬ƬҲԱеʥ֮һųֻҪӵ㹻ԪκεĶ
˻˵Щ󣬵Ҳɴ˿ɼﵽ˺ֵĳ̶ȡ

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а綴˰ɣ
ͷģĪǱа綴һ㡭ųСڤл֣
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˹ӦȻ˶£ƶƫͷֶ뿪ķ򣬴΢ƣֶݣȻҲǼΪĺ档

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˷ǰֶջСöɽ׾ʯĵ֣ǽһ൱ֵ⣬ⶫܹ춦ӳ˵ǳ̶ɱȲϵ˴߶ʱǰֻҪǿߣֶ˿ľ⡣
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Ľɺ䣬ССİ򴦣¶һѪƣƣеյġ
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ֶ˳ĽɺСԴϵǱ裬ȻСͶĲĿдЦһһӽǷ춦С
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Ȼڵֶɲȥ˱ȣǿǶðԶŻɽƶɵķţƳɹѹħħܹвڵƵĲϣֻǰöɽ׾ʯѣ˵̺֮൱ӴĻɽ֮䣬Ȼ޷γɶԱȡ
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Żɽ׾ʯ̣ӴҲ̾䣬·ǻΪ˰𶦣Ƕڣǲɢſ񱩳֮Ļɽ׾ʯ
ֶעһУ󻺻Ŀ֪νƷţʵ֮춦ֻҪЭٿرɡ
£Ĵ඼ȴƵĽڳɹ񣬻߾͵ÿֶԵ컯ˡ


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䣡
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ռʱǴ֮еĻҲ𽥵رòȶΪڶУԭģ֮״ŻȴǿʼһЩµĲȻشӳֲ£ΧĿռ䶼΢ЩŤ
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Ż̾ʣһεĲȻϯǰ㲨£춦ԭ񱩵ȻҲǿʼƽϢ

һŰֶл³ǰŻһѣ̲סЦ֪ӵ˷ŵķ춦ӴԺҲܹķӳ춦
ƾ춦ڵġ˼šֻҪ̤ǿߣֶһս
ֶעŰţκ󷽲һӣ𵴣Ż𽥵ȥ´ʱֻҪһţܹ֮ɱˣ
ǳɹ˰
ȥİţֶҲ΢΢һЦôѪǵõҪջ񡭡


ھŰһʮ 
ֶԷ춦˳ʱһ۱Ǽ˷ſ׸Сèһ˯ȥĽɺ̲סЦһСѾͷҲ̫˯һɣѵչصʱ䣬һֱ˯ţ
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ððһԳȥĽɺǱ趼˷ܵû⼸úöΪֶǱ
ֶЦǱ裬ȻǷ춦ڣתĽɺг˷䡭

ֶչص⼸գ̳ǵȻһеֲٶţܱߺǿ߶ǻ۶һ̳Ǳ߻ӣţ켣У̳ǵΰû˲١
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ʱ䣬սҪըһ̳Уգ۱һ峿һƳʱоһɽһ㣬ڴ˿̳׵׵緢Уһֻ֮С
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Ҳ߰ɡ
ֶһ˷ܵò϶ĽɺЦЦȻһϰգҲǶűȥһɫСβҲѸٵظ
̳Ǳ棬һչ㳡㳡ԼӴ󣬹ģʮˣ㳡ٰ̳ĳ
չ㳡ܣŹĻЩĻԴ̳ϿյĻǴ󣬶Ҫǹ㳡֮вμᣬҪ̸ֳ뺯
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䣡
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ϯɡֶɨĳУȻǴĽɺǰϯλһ
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ֶҲǸܵƶܻӭ̶ȣЩĿõ΢Щ̫ȻиǣȴͻȻƷ֮һƳȻüͷ΢΢һ壬Ϊߣа綴Сڤл֡
Ǻǣ꣬һ겻㵹ƯˡлԣȻƶЦЦǡ
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Ǻǡ
תʱлȴͻȻһЦĿԴζضֶֶɣ
ֶתһ٣ȴһĨ


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лʮָ棬µضֶǰղյϢа綴аˣȻƳˣǺǣҵǺܺ棬һСɵˣƾʲôܹһ
ƺ޹ذɣֶ˫Ŀ΢У
ĳֽǶȶԣаҲа綴ˣа綴档лЦ
ǸץȥϹлﲻɣֶҲһЦֻЦݣͬ
ǺʹһǸͦ˰лĻҵǿ԰ȥа˴áлָ⸧ָϵһöָЦֶĻУܹٵԣ΢ЩˬϾһУʸ˵˿ɲ࣬ǰֶ˵֪ʹʲôֶαаˣлȴΪƾԼ
ģһԮаˣߴֲ£ű˳
ûءֶЦ
ôлЦֻЦ֮£ȴһЩļµɷӿ
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лӣ̸ֵᣬɲʺԻ̸ϣϢˡһԵƶϺƣȴ൱ˣü΢΢һأ˵
ǺǣȻ궼ô˵ˣȻҪӡлƫͷƶ꣬ݵ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҵ˷ű£а˵ĶԹԼ֣ԣǲ鷳ĻǱǰһЩνİĻǽ㲢ϣ
лֶֶʼ磬ģȥûЩϾǲ޿ɸĵʵ
ħû㹻ĵ̣룬ǲҪ̫ſΪá
ֶ΢ضл֣Ƭ̺΢΢һЦлѣ˻ҲԭνУûжҼĳ棬Ҳ󡣡
ǰҲ˵ˣа֮ĶԹ㲢޶ϵҪţ㣬ֻ޼ɵЩԼ޷ܡ
ԣҪʲôĻڴһ˼С
лֿϵЦݣڴ˿һ˫ĿҲ֮ɫֶ֣ⷬûһӡ
һԵƶҲΪֶ˻㶣΢΢˸ֶ֪һЩ鱨Զ˵ⷬûΪװǻơ
һܹת־ĳǿ߳ӵˣȷ㹻ʸл˵仰
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лϵЦеǷһЦֻЩ䣬ʮָգͷĻҼˣ룬չΪЩеġ
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Ҳϲ鷳һҪҲֻܽ߿
ֶЦЦȻƶ깰˹֣лƹˣϯͦʵġһ䣬ҲͲٶĽɺ·ϯλȥ
ƶֶӰ΢ǰ֮붫λֶͬһ˵ĿӦŰ˳ˡΪǷԸǼһޡ
ѹָлֽа壬ԭҲ൱ءƶһЦȻҲתȥ
ǼһᣬһȭϯλʱĽɺСһƲ˵ģȻǰл֡
ֶ΢΢ͷóлֶƶƺһЩ˼ǰһǰ˵Ÿҩ˼ı﷽ʽȴ൱⣬ѡֶΪһв桭
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ֶԶԶؿһǰϯλл֣˫Ŀ΢Уϣһﲻû°ɣȻĻùа綴ʲôݣǵûˣֱӾ͸ˡ
ǰл֣Ŀƺ൱У۽һƳɨ˺󷽵ֶԭе˫ĿԵˡ
ٶ˱Ǿݴа˵ֶлԣһź£۾ǵҲǿһֶķ򣬵
ţһ֪ߵغСӡлЦһǴ˷ǰǵҷǰСӴ֫ץаǰȥɡ
Ǻǣٶöŭ˳ϷɣʱٶôöСߵЦ
˵аֶе˸еΪţҲףضֶʹʲôƣаִ֮·УֻҪֶۣҲһĪչϾҲСɵʵ
ȽŪ֡л߿һȦ˷˲ǳǶģܷ֣δ֪
ߵͷ΢ԥһ£Ϣʵô
л֪٣ܵ䵽Լвŷġлֵ
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޳˫ּΪϸҳһӨ֮ɫȥַָǬ֮У൱졣
ֶӣȴ΢΢һ૵Ǭ֡Ǭ
ְ
ֶǰӵͷһЦȻջĿ⣬аզ࣬ϣǸǿƼ˴εᣬЩϷˡ
ˣ
ֶͷʱ룬ȴ֮ȻһɫٻӰȻƶ顣
ֶ̨ĺŮӣҲ΢΢ֱ֪ͦᣬҪʼˡ


ھŰһʮ ʬ
дԭҲڴ˿ȻƽϢεĿͣλ̨ϺɫٻӰ֮ϡ
ڵƴС㵹ԽԽˮ鶯ˣȥСһģ˭Ȣи
̸ĴС㣬Ȣˣ̸޾ĲƸԴֻҪЩ츳Ϊħеһǿߡ
ͣͱ˼ˣ׷ῡ֪ܴܶŵˣֵ㰡

ֶǴܴЦüͷҲ΢һ£Ȼһֱǲ²ƶ̸Ӧõλͣû뵽Ȼ̸ĴС㡣
ȷǸСšֶЦ̸Ĳ˭Ȣһˡ
̨ϣƶŸָĿ⣬ȴû˿ĲʣεľЩ΢ЦŮһ⣬ȻֵòԣһһЦ䣬ȴе㹴ǡ
λҴ̸ڴ˴лǰһεᣬӦòõôʧ
ƶĿȫЦӯӯɤòıۣһΪ۵֣ܹһλͷҪø̹һЩ
лҲٶ˵ʱҲǲ࣬㿪ʼɡ
ƶȻһЦŮ̶ϣ֮УһɢӨӨâ
ħͨƣеѧǧ֮ǰһλת־ǿɣɷء
ƶȻǲһСɧѧħҲΪϡ⻹еѧȿսĶ˶Ϊ۲
һѧǲС
ֶһѧڶĻǱضΪѹ֮һȴǱһóȻ̸գɴҲɸо
ѧۣԪȤѣɲҪˡ
ƶЦӯӯ˵˻󣬳н˲䣬˱۳ϴƺ٣Ǽ۸񣬼ڶ̶ʱͻƵԪ
ֶ죬ħۺ˻治٣Ǳͻһ֣ѧû̫ȤļѧԶԶĳԽνġħͨơ
ˣֶǰ㿴ϷĿ£⿪θ˰ѧٰͣʮԪǱһĸߴŽ̺۵С
һֵѧ̼£յһֺܿٶ˵ļ۸δﵽ̶ֳȣеգȴĻȡ
ֶֻȴ޶ԣЩƴֵɬЩĶҲȷĹڵȴģ޷ǱЩδ֪ĺͼ
żƽĻȻҲڿʼ𽥵ؽ棬óƷ۸ҲǿʼǣеһЩֶ̨΢еĶúɻѡ˷
ˣ
еһϵ鱦һļ۸ɹһƴŮϣֶĿɨȥȻбǶȻֱһĨϲ֮ɫӿ
Ϊ֮ϣһɫĺͼ
һӺһõĺͼеĺ򣬲֪һ֣Ӧδ֪۰ʮԪ
δ֪ͼһֱȽƫƷ๺ⶫģһЩðյĺţЩδ֪Σأܶǰȥ̽ĺţ඼ʧټ
˵δ֪ĺͼ̫İ󣬰ʮԪ൱֮ˡ
ʮ򡣡
һЩ˽֮󲻾ãһӱȺۻԪİ£쳹ȫ
һ򡣡ӵĺ۸ո²ã˳ų
ֶеľϲȴûڣǰصȴ˽۸ƴһʮʱſڵһٰʮ򡣡
ͻȻʮԪõ㶣ݺݵضֶһۣԥȥ
ǱϾ֪δ֪򾿾ûֵ̽ļֵԽԪļ۸ȥƺ̫㡣
̨ϣƶеؿһ۳߼δ֪ͼֶе㲻ΪʲôⶫȤѵֺ֪ͼʮа˾ƶ񤺣򣬳Σ֮⣬аջô
Ȼɻ󣬵ڵƶȻ˵ʲôֶֻܳ΢΢һЦȻ䴸δ֪ͼĸֶ

һδ֪ͼֶ֣ĵһδ֪ͼûҪϢΪ˻õڶҲû취̫࡭
Ϲèӵıײϣ㸶ķ
˵һźͼֶǰĲ٣ʼעŽᣬò˵̸ֵȷ൱ЩƷưѧ鱦ĵȵȼӦоУѹ˵ֻҪ㹻ԪǿκҪĶ
ҲĸۻҵĸˮسֶֺٶȾϲļһĽɺҪĶǱǰ˵ġݡⶫڽ⿪ķӡĪİ
ģЩ󣬲⣬˵Ҳ࣬յֶҲһļ۸񣬽⡰ݡС
ˡ
ֶոսݡʱ̨ϣȻеȻļһˮ׳̨ϣˮڣһͨڵĸɿʬ塣
ֶͨڵʬ壬֪ΪΣڵȴڴ˿͵
ǡʬ
𶯵ɲǣֶҲе㵵


ھŰһʮ 
ʬ
ֶǴž㵵Ҳһ£ɻʵʲôΪʲôڵⶫзӦ
ⶫƳ˵ôзӦҵص
ʲô
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⡭Ƴģ
ֶ˵ʧ̬ϾˣȴǸǰĸʬڵƳģܲȻʧ
ҸӦĻӦûǵ֮Ƶʬҽŵ
֮ѼؼģƳʬشսʱǱ٣ߣ¾ǽģǲȻܹⶫ
ֶ֮촽𽥵ѹе𶯣ĿƵˮеĺɫʬⶫȻλԶ֮е۷ǿơ
ֶЩ꣬Ҳܹо֮ڵȻû֮ͬǰ㣬ʹνġʬ
ôֶʵ
ȫʢʱڵʬԺһħսǵĵȼĻǱ൱ڡת־ǿߡҵ˵
ת־
ֶոƽһЩľٶȲĺݺЩŵǺɫʬʵЩ޷ţⶫȻܹƥת־ĳǿߣǿԪƽ̵ʵ
⣬ʬΪƣԾ߱һЩԣǱ֮ӵ޷ݵķ֮ħΧɱһʬӲħȫһű١
ĳ̶ֳȶԣһ۷״̬ʬת־ǿ߶޷𡭡
ֶ𺳣ʬȻ׺ֵز
ʬֶ˿ڿˮõʬҪˣʲôаˣǲҲһƵ¡
̫ˡʬȻȻҲܵشԴﵽ۷ֱ֮Ӻظֶһˮ
ֶεЦЦԥ޸ô
ܣֻҪͿ޸ѸٵػصʵҪ޸ɲʲô򵥵£뵱֮Ҳڽƿغ󷽲ܹƳ⡮ʬ
ֻҪ޸ǾСֶһЦ콫ʬ͵ǰĻԵǷŹĻǿ޶ûطȥ
ôԪȥʬôҵһ仰ٶȰֶ˽Ӳ״̬Ƭ̣ȻһҧݺݵصеѧֵҲҪʬŪ֣
⣬Ҫˣ

ֶҽ̸ʱ̨ϣƶϸָָˮеĺɫʬȻЦ˵Ǵ֮ͳĶǺҸ̫ϸĴ𰸣ֻܸߴʬƺͨΪ̸һǿ߶ȫ֣ȴ޷ݻ١

ƶһ䣬һȻ˽Ŀ㵵ǿͨĺɫʬⶫȻܹһǿȫ
ƹǿô
ǰϯλһźɫ۷ͻȻͳĿڣ˵䣬źڹⲨԼ䣬Ӱ·ǳӰһ㣬޷
ǼһǻħڵĳӰʬЩȤ
Ǻɫ۷˵ʱΧҲǴһЩ˽ܿıǽ˵ݸ˿
ֶ˫Ŀ΢УħҲħСĴʵ纣
ҲȷԹΪһ࣬ƶԥһ£ջ˵ⶫҪĲٿطţȻĻƺԴ߶
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Ҳ˵ؼ䣬ܹơʬģҲһˡ
ֶԣɵ촽ĻȣŨ
ǻħڵĳӰҲΪƶ˻΢üͷ߶ǺɫʬԼ䣬оⶫƺе㲻򵥡
ʼɣ۸Ԫƶ΢΢һЦ
򡭡̫ˡ
һ߲ܿƵĿܣֵּ۸񡣡
ǰ
ȻĻո£бǴٵĲΪ۸һЩ
ǵĲȻû̫ãֳһº󣬱ǰ˲٣㰲˰ΣһͻȻڣһʮ򡣡
⿪֮ˣҲΪԥϾ۸񣬿ɲСĿ
ڼ֮½ʮ˳ۣǼ۸ʼնͣ¡
ʮ򡣡
ǻħڵĳӰͻȻڴ˿̳Щ˼ͷҲϱ˲٣ǲǰᡣ
߰򡣡ֶһĻ̾һȻ󿪿ڡ
ৡ
ֶ£ĿͶ̨ϵƶ궼Ǵ㵵ؿһۣǲΪʲôɫʬ
ֶҲ֪һЩߵϣƺûôӴԪչضԣƺǲ۵ģʱȴδ˵ʲôֶӦҲ֪Լʲô
߰ʮ򡣡Ӱ˿ֶüͷһ壬
˰򡣡ֶΣ治ɫļǼۣʵҲ촥ĵߣϾУȷû̫Ԫӻνİ˰ҲѾԤ֧
۸ֵز൱߰ǳӰҲеԥϾ˴εĿ꣬ĺɫʬﻨ̫Ĵۣҡҡͷ˴˴εᡣ
ֶ״жʱһȻ׵ķһζЦȴǴǰ
Ű򡣡
ֶһ̧ͷȻǼǰһϷʽŵл֣һƺ
ŰһΣɻбȴ˼۸ߣƶһ̾лֿҪֶ£ԴҲ޿κΣֻܳ
ֶ˫ȴ̲סؽɱⷭӿš
ŰڶΡƶɤٶ
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Ű
ȻƶĻʱһ۵ɤͻȻ
һǧ򡣡
ȻֶҲһ㶣ȻתͷǿǶЦĽɺ


ھŰһʮ ѹ֮
Ȼͬ˰ϯ˶Щ㶵ϯλ֮Ǳ裬ȥԵüΪɰСŮûϵǰǾ˵ļ۸񣬾Ȼ˵
㡭ֶҲȻĽɺͬû뵽Ȼôһš
˭ǼһôᡣĽɺ
̨ϣƶҲΪĽɺĺ㶣Ƭ̺󷽲Żع˿ֶ΢ЦСɲҺŶ
ڵûǮôĽɺСһƲе㲻ص
ƶҡҡͷеεؿֶͬһЦȻͷĽɺС˵СҲ̫£һǧ۸˵ˣͬŲ׵ıֶԵĴֱʣҲǲò
ƶֶͷҲͲٶ˵ʲôһǧһΡ
ô˻лԭζɫȴ࣬˫ĿضֶˣЦһǧһ򡣡
ֶüͷһ壬һǲˣ
һǧ򡣡ĽɺȻҲǱлֵƼһЩȻֱӴϯλվͷǱ˻ΣٶȺһһƬͻļ۸
лƤ˳飬һǧļ۸񣬶ԶСĿⲻ֪ͷСѾͷȴǺԥغ˳
һǧ򣡡лһɭɭص
鷢չϣ˭óлƺڹֶһ߹Źֵĸʬѣôֵּ۸
ǰϯλϣЩҲе㵵һĻҲǸһĨµɣǵҪ᾿ܷչɸʲô
Ľɺ̤αСֱӣ۾бл֣ǱҪӾжӣȻָɤȴõòͷΪ˵ĻЩ𶯣ǧ򣡡

һ˵ĻȻ۾Щֱӣ̤αСŮֻоһɰӭСŮҲ̫׺˰ɣ
ǧԪҶӰ
лϵ飬ҲΪǧ۽Ӳͷ϶źˮ֣ǷģԵ÷Ļ
ôû뵽ԭֻҪֶľٶȴǽ˽ȥ
ٶ
лԣæǿǻҪĶﻨǿݣʵڲǡ
ӰӰټӰ
ȻлֱѿʱĽɺȴ˫ֲСϵߺƵñͼΪƯɰټɤһʱǺȻЦЦУлֵɫѿ
㣡
лŭӿô˵棬һСŮ˵ţĶ̲סֱߵļ
ٶס嶯һԵĺæסϵȰ˵
л΢΢ţǲѹеıŭȻһƨ˻ȥ˵һ仰ǷģΪǱ
ĽɺŻȥл֣С϶ʱһĨ֮ɫȻƫͷοЦֶЦıһʤơ
ֶЦãǮҲô
ȻԴˣĽɺȴǲСԵãǰлִüΪ泩
̨ϣƶһ־磬Ҳ̲סؿЦһȻû˵ļ۸λСߣ߿ܸʬˡ
һΣû˿ۣʶǰĽɺϼӵļƣЩǰĴĲ
˼ӼۣǿܸʬҲյĽһƷҲδͣЪмϣڵû̫ȥעһĿ⣬ǲϵؿǱСŮЩҲǽͶв²ĽɺݣϾܹ˺ԥóǧԪֱʣɲѰܹ߱ġ
ܵǰĽɺĺһţһЩƷ˵۸񲻴ȴԶԶδܴﵽǧļ۸⵹õ΢Ľ˽ҲõƶЩΣ˭뵽СѾͷȻ˵İΨһϣľѾͷҺȻĻ̸ΣҲǻЩͷˡ
ڽУֶҲǼġ齬ⶫҲƶ鵱˵۷һңյĳɽȴÿδﵽ˽ʮļ۸齬ֶܹһǧҵԪ룬⵹㹻֧ɽ׾ʯļ۸ˡ
齬˳ϺֶҲǴһ῿αϣһ־˵̬Ž
գƶ£ҰųֵƷԽԽϡҲǿʼ𽥵߳
رǵһµȴԪ֮ʱ۾ǷһЩȣ㱦һֻЩܹӵУѰ֮ˣ󲻵
Ԫ֮ܳ֡
ֶ̨ϣʱƶУһɫĳⳤһַ̬ſγɹһֳȵĻ沨棬·ֻҪһңŻ緢һ㡣
ǰƶĽܣⳤΪչһʵµȴԪ֮൱ǿᣬȻ۸ҲΪƣʼۣǴﵽһǧ
ֶȻֻЩʸᣬ˼۸һ˶ʧҡͷ
Ȼ⡰չЩǰĴҲȷΪۺ죬һ۸ǰĽɺĳָΪ𱩣̶ʱ䣬ǡչǱһΪչȡĴǧ߰ĸ߼˳
ֶ˽ᣬҲһ̾ǡչҲΪĶףڻʱûЩƴʱ˵Աһ֪ҵ׶ۺĽɺֶȻȥᡣ
Ǵ˴ѹ֮
֮ǰೱ𽥵ʱ̨ϵƶҲŶЦݸֳ仰ʱֶеĸоЩǰĴƺĵֱͦˡ
ǳⶫİֶüͷ΢壬ЩˣȻб⵹΢Щ棬ʲôܹõЩ˵⡣
Ķϵһ˵ֻؾǿŴ¶ֵҶӦס
ƶ䣬ֱǵըɽľͬХĴ˾ǻȻվеɫԷ
ƶڳеĻ𱬣ǲе⣬һգ˸һԼҵ˳
һ֣һɹԼر񱩵ĲϯԼ䣬·𻹰֮
ֶĿ⣬Ҳڵһʱ俴ƶеһɲǣ͵ظоͬʱ䣬ҲǴУӦһ˿ΪصĲֲһ
ǡ
ֶͫڴ˿СǱøɬϵ壬ϸ΢Ĳ
ǡĲ
૵ҲڴʱһЩڵľ㵣


ھŰһʮ 

ԭصڶߵľ·ڴ˿̳׵׵ʧȥΨĸ֣ϵֶԺ֮װţԼ䣬·žը죬ͷƤЩ
ֶߣЩɢ̨ƶֵɫ֮û뵽ѰȻĸӦ
ִ֮ɢز˻оӵֶԣȴִĸ֪
һĲ޿ģ£
ֶͫףɫС棬֮еӿľκ˷𽥵ؼʧҲٶӿУͬʱҲǽֶֻ״̬и˳
ࡣ
ֶһ£ˮƷϣĲţȻʵӦûɣ
ҵĸӦڵַӦҲġһص
֮ص˿ȷ١
õȷϣֶĴҲ̲ס쳤һô׷Ѱ˰
Ҿ֪ǵڶöص㣬пܱɫСڳһº˵
ֶ΢΢ͷָͬоؼ䶼аö֪ģǺڰ֮ӵеĺڰԼħλӵߣĦޡ
³ֵӦñǵöˡ
ȻħӦҲħĳֶõĵͼΪƣкܴĸָͬһ
ֲҲӵܹӦȻĻһϢħñҵ
ֶͷ̸֪غĻ϶һдۣὫ乫һᰵѰȻŪ֡
Ϊ˭ǿ̸ܹӵǱȻΪħΪĦޣֳֻħλ̤ת־ĳǿ߸ȥ涷ݣһӵת־ǿߣֻ̤صǿӦҲ൱ͷۡ
ˣҪᵽɫСҲǼΪѰֶüͷ΢壬ǰЩɫɫСȻǾõȵĿ꣬˵ǲ֪ɫСغĴڣֻһֻǿŴĶҲõ֮͡
ֶҪЩƴֵļһжɫСȻһѵ顣
ȷѡҲ˵ڵֶϾûǿ˴ǿߵĵزҲǵʵʵֶϵɫСĲȻʸ
ֶ죬ȴӹһĨɫΪѰҵڶöľѪȻ·ȻûŹĵôɫСŪ֣
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ֶԣ۽ȴ̲סس鴤һ£һЩţѵѾͷȻҲǲ֮еɣôܣѾͷϿûܹӦֶصĲ
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ֶѹе𶯣΢΢ͷû̫оĽɺθӦֲģҪģβܰɫСŪ֡
̨ϣƶҪգҲ̲סһЦеɫС΢Ц۸ǧԪ
۸һԭնʱһͣΪɥȥּ۸Ī˵ǣһЩۺĴ΢һ£ң⻹ǳʼ۸񣬵ʱһǵõʲôֲĵز
ɧ־˵ļ۸°࣬ǰЩҲüͷһء
ǺǣȻͷа綴שɡлĿ̰ɫС죬Цǧ򡣡
а綴ôǮղôСѹȥ챮ɳǧ򡣡һµЦЦЦв޳֮⣬Ǳ챮ɵˣҲ൱֮ǿ˿а綴졣
ȻҶˣǬҲһŰɣǧ˰򡣡һ£ͷβδμӹһǬҲڴʱ΢΢һЦ
Ǻǣչȳǧ򡣡

ʼ˰ֶӣǰⷬû̵ƴ˫Ŀȴǻּ۸񣬴һʼǰ˦˾֡
ȻʧȥЩʸ
ҪƴˡֶƫͷĽɺСƺЩԾԾԣҡҡͷ
ΪʲôĽɺʵóֶСҲġ
ܷЩһʤˡƾ˵ʵܰ˳ôֶ
ĽɺȻе㲻Ըǵ˵ͷ˵ʱͦƤȴע£˭˳ɫСҪ˳ߣҲһΪѵ顣
ǰЩĴҲͬˡʧܵҲ׵ؽ
ⳡɫСᣬֻǵһְˡ

ֶһԹ۵ҵᣬȻֶεòɫСǱֻвȡƫ˰
ɫСһҪ֣


ھŰһʮ 
ǧһ򣡡
ǧ򣡡

ֶǰЩϳ۵ĸʱļ۸ƴһ൱Ȼĵزǧļ۸񣬼ǶǶԣҲСĿ
ˣļ۸ٶȱǧʱһЩʵȥɫȻǲ׵رǽɫС
˶ףлʤǱǳ׵صõɫСֻǻһȻˡ
ֶ˳УĴѽңǱа綴죬ǬԼǻħڣȻҶǲ
൱߰ļ۸ھһǧһļ۸ϣռ۵ģа綴졣
ǮֶЦǾȻôӱа綴죬Ϸʡ
ǺǣлֿǴֱʣɫС˵ϵһֻǿߵĶϾδܳȷϣȴܹ۸乺ǺǬ죬лЦ
лǬֵˣⶫֵǼǮġлƤЦⲻЦصͷҲʵЩǬ̧ܣ۸ܸ߳
ǬЦЦǾ͹ϲлˣϣܽ˳Ĵа綴졣
˵⻰ʱǬЦȻе죬ͬʱЩҲ΢ƲǣĵĿα΢۾УȴЩɫӹ
лȻܹЩŹֵߣһЦǱĿԴɡ
̨ϣƶⷬѪƴĻҲȻһЦȻᣬɫСǧһԪļ۸񣬹а綴С
ƬҲڴʱһЩ͵͵ĻȻԹŹֵǣܶ˵ɫԹŹ֣߽֯䣬۾һЩ̰ӿ
߰ɣˡֶЦеؿһл֣ȻĽɺ˵
šĽɺͷҲףȻˣĺϷڲϳ⼸ʱ䣬а綴ˣûЩͷˡ

ֶĽɺȻǹս̸УҪȡõĶ
ŮĴ£ֶĽɺǹȴǼƶ˳С
ֶ֣ĵ齬һһǧʮԪ۳ɽ׾ʯԼĶʣġƶЦһǬݹ˵
ĶǾ߸ʬ֮⣬ĶС
鷳ƹˡֶͷȻһԵĽɺ̧ͷƶЦصλòǮǸʬɣ
ƶΣϾ裬ϸָ˹ĽɺЦǸʬ۸˵ƣҲûý۵ʹĵزˣҰֶֽǮ϶С
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ĽɺһЦСһһǬֳƶ飺ǧԪ档
ƶӹҲûô鿴ֽԵŮȻһӣ˽ˮ̧˽
ֶˮеĸʬӹһĨȻ󻺲ǰḧˮף䣬ܹоһ˿˿ϡ֮Ǹʬɢ
ֶ֣ʬΪ죬κοʧҪʲôɵСһЩһԵƶѵ
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£ǲҪñ֪Ϊá
ƶֶԴ˸֪Ը˵ҲһЦ֮ѯʣҲֻеѣϾ̸þеֶΣ޷ʬʲô
ˣֶ֣⼸ʱ䣬̳ǻЩңעһЩƶԥһ£ͻȻ
ֶĿһɫС䵽а綴УЩضģǵıҲµа綴죬лĻһа綴еɫСһضһȷѪꡣ
лƹˣȻϣҲлȥˡ
ֶƶ鱧ȭһЦȻҲͲٶĽɺע³Ŷȥոߵ̸ſʱȴǼǰȺӿٽţǿڲָָ߽а綴һˣλл֡
ֶڼлʱȻҲǷбźӹǰЦ㾹ȻҳǰӵǲС
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쵰
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߰ɣٶϽõǻڸСīɲ㡣лԣǺ
лһȻͷ֪ڵǣ۸ţҲȷֲȥֶˡ
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Ϸڲſ
ֶ˴֣һЦô꣬òײŵõڶö׷ô
ȻǷ񶨵ġ


ھŰһʮ ٿʬ
֮УֶǴġݡȡȻĽɺЦŰɣⶫϵķӡ㶨
ĽɺСæס۾һЩϲɫЦصҵˣߣҽ⿪ӡѪħЩһһҪǵȫˣ
ֶЦЦ֮ǰǿɻжء
ҪȥǼһĽɺ۾һȻΪ˷ܵش˹ððǼһôᣬǰĶˣ
ֶΨ²ҵСӣҲЩЦãСԴ㻹Ƚӡ⿪ɣҪ¿ɲ򵥣ôӳ顣
š
ĽɺͷҲ޷⿪ӡڵʵֶȥֻΪ׸
ĽɺСһӣǺɫ׸ǱƯֶһԾϣŨɫâӿһꡰݡҲǷһƬ̹⻪

ĽɺԪ߶ʱǼ򴦣ѪӿһͷѪɫǸֳľݣҧסļѪʴȥĽɺԪת
Ľɺҧ촽Сӡ仯ǡݡı̹âʱӿ壬ȻѪɫ蹥ȥ
⡰ݡַӡƺ൱Ŀƣ˱̹â֮Ѫʱڽڰˣԭҫ׵ѪɫҲѸήҡ
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ֶԴϲһĻ⡰ݡĽɺķӡȷŲЧ⵹õһϾĽɺָܹʵĻԣ֮жҲ൱İ
ҲЩʱ佫⡮ʬ˰ɡ
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ӵ˰˼֮ķ춦ȻҲǿ˲١
ֶĴɨɨȻָһһˮױֳǹڣͨڵĸʬվš
ֶˮףԪһ𣬱ֱӽˮɷĩˮɢȥڸʬͳ׵׵ر¶ֶĿ֮¡
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ֶעŸʬ룬ָһһԪֱǺݺݵغ֮ϡ
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һֶǰȻһ䣬ȻǷ֣ԼƺһƬǿ֮С
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ֶ̤ƬǿգͻȻУ͵̧ͷͫʱһֻͷңԶ֮λľͷ·ǳһӴĺɫƣ֣֮Ǻڰľͷһ޷ݵа֮
ݣ
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֮ĺĿעλѷ죬һֱǻΪһڹ⣬ֱĳѷ֮УǾʬҲǽ
ݣ
ֶǳλѷ֮еӰͷƤȴ̲סе㷢飬ѷ֮ӦñЩνħӪ֮ǰȻֱӴȥ
䣡
֮λѷ֮󲻾ãбžĲϯֲаɢ·ǿնڴ˿
λѷ֮е𶯣ãȻһ춯ذŭ쳹ֶ·ǼһӴľλѷ²һڹҲѷ֮еǳȥ֮
ΣĿλѷ֮Уɫ࣬ȻҲ˵ͷߡ
ݣ
ȥʱλѷ֮Уһǧɾָ̽һ㣬аĺɫ˺ѿռ䣬ض֮ȥ
أ
֮ûз赲ֻǵǺɫʱʬͻȻӲĳǵڰ
ৣ
֮μ˸Ѹ뿪ǾʬڹȻ׹䣬һƬ֮С
ʬʱǰĻҲȻֶֹ˳죬ʬڵֵ֮һ൱ǿĹűٳ
ЩԶŵĻ棬ʱ˸еһԵ𺳡
ֶ̾һźڹָʬǰһɫģǳͷ֮ϣȻ쵭ȥ
ǷĳʱֶҲܹظоǰʬƺɹ˾߱˲ٿ֮


ھŰٶʮ Ϸ
Ƴɹô
ֶϲɫǰʬǷĳεʱĸоһ˿ϵʬ֮䵮
ֶ˫ĿƵضʬͷһʬǽյ˫ĿȻīͫУ·Źϵӹ

һĻֶ̲סشЦٿʬе̸̫֪࣬һֱ޲ߵĶֶôǱĻ᲻൱ơ
Ҳû취˭ϣҲֶһӵҲֻ֮۵ķķܹʬڣȻĻκһʬڣᱻһ֮ԥɡ
ʬ˵ʹãҲڰ뱨ϵ״ֶ̬Ʈһǰʬ
Ҫ޸Ļֻʹ
ֶͷҲû쿪ڱܹ⡰ʬָ۷ʵҪһڿڵسԣܹõ൱㡣
ʬڰ뱨״̬һ̤ǿߣԽ䳹׵Ĵݻ١˵
Ȼϧ״̬ã̫࣬ȻĻǿܹնɱôֻܶԸԲǿߡ
ֶһЦ˵ĻµʬӦñӵǿߵķԼԲǿߵĹһ൱սˡ
˵޷նɱǿߣƾŷҪסȴǲѡֶЦЩǿߣôһô򶼴һ˦ţƤǣҲ൱ͷ۰ɣ
ҵͷԴǲϣʬʲôı״̬Ͼǵ֮ƳԿħĶ
˿ƣֶһգδ֪ͼҲǳУӶеĵͼӡԺУ˺ðκЩεۡ
ȻҲǡ
ͼмصȻһƬδ֪򣬵ȴֶҪģҪõȷеλãǵôɫСзܹõ
ֻܴǶ˰ֶ૵
а綴Ҳ˲ӵлԣӦ˴ﵽԲĲΣл֣Ҳɶ壬ֻһ̤Բ
ݣ൱ΪɫСջ̫ĻҲжȥǵע⡭
ϧϿûôлּȻᵽɫСӦҲҪȺǻ֮½򣬿ɲʲô򵥵°
ֶԤУлһˣض̳̫ͣã˵̸ĵ̣տʼ̸һЩӣ֮󣬻ͻ˿ʼ̲סض֡
ʱ򣬾һϷ˰
뵽˴ֶһƲЦ΢Щֻ

ڽļУ˵ᣬ֮еȴûжټǿɶڴˣڶʱǵĿ⣬ǲԼͬͬһλа綴֮ء
óУа綴ɫСŴ֮ĵˣɲ
˵˶ԼĽڵ̳Ǿһѣа綴ͷʳʨʨ˵ȴԶЩơ
лͬò˵ͬһЩֶΣһʱ䣬ȻǻѸ̳߰Ƹ˲ʵǿĻٲȻҪǷǡ
ٶɻ̳ͣǵЩȴԹۣЩʱԮڹؼʱ̸ûã˭Ҳ˵֮Ƿ˴ŷҧһڵ˼ʱ򷴶õа綴š
ڳеһ¥֮ϣֶڸ¥ԵĿɢųķһЦ૵ӦҲҪ˰ɣ
ҲµͬʱǸһԺ֮Уɫлֻվ߻˷Ща綴ǿߣڽ䴦һӰ϶˶١
ȻˡǱ㰴ƻ£磬㶯ǣ
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ϸ΢ı仯ֶɵ΢΢һЦȻ̧ͷֻͻȻƷֻٵӰͬһʱ֮ӳȻǵصضų֮ȥ
ֶ¥վĿǵصĻҾֱָطϢΪǿᣬȻӦа綴
ȻôɢôֶüͷܹڳиЩһֱа綴ĸҲǿʼλãϢǿ
ЩϣЩˣǻӡҵڴʱ
ֶһЦлֿô벻ʱĲκιƣڴʱǺá
ҵҪܶ㵽ʲôʱ򡣡ֶ˫۱أĿϷʡ
ʱ̳ǣǱüΪĻңǿͬȳӹգȻЩӳǵа綴׷϶ȥٴ˳ǿϢ׷˹ȥ
ԼСʱз΢ƽһЩ
λóǱȥˡҵͻȻڴ˿
ֶԣϵЦݶʱŨдһڣֱбȥӰӳʱһСٻӰҲѸٸϡ
Ϧ£ֶХգĿ⾼ǲķҿܡ
ҿҪˣ


ھŰٶʮһ 
̳ǳ⣬ӰͿӹǵٶȲ죬ȴϢɢȥȡ
ߵ·ߣǼΪƫƧ˼˿̵̳ǻޱȣȴܹ⼸ĳǵӰ
ৡ
Ӱŵգٶӳĺǵ壬紵Ϊһ˵ĺһǣſݵףа綴л֡
ٶѱסˡлһ˵˵
šл΢΢ͷ˸ź󷽣ɭȻЩһȻҴа綴⣬Ȳǣ뿪Ȼ˽ӦǣʱͲٵˡ
ǡԣҲǵͷӦ
Ǻǣл֣˵ЧûôðȻոʱǰһɽϣͻȻЦ
ͣ
ӳӰڴ˿̶Ȼ̣лĿɭ̧ͷĿɽϰӰЦǬ㾹Ȼܸٵң
ǺǣƣȻҲҵֶΡǬлһЦ
ܲҵټȴһдĪΪƾ֮ܶл
ȻһˡǬЦĿ⿴Ĵ֣Ӱ֣ȻˣǺβһ
Ȼ֡Ǭ䣬Ǵ֮бŴЦȻӰӳΪһˣǻħڵĳӰ
леǳֵĳӰЦʲôʱħھȻǬ㵽һȥˣɾһˣ˭ռУ
л־ͲʩչˣǶȴнȡߣ̸⡣ǬЦ
ȡߣδҲ̫һЩлɭȻ
Ǻǣа綴ǿ߻ǣסЩˣǿסġӰЦ
ôԡлӹһĨ֮ɫ
ӰǬ˫Ŀ΢УһۣƬ̣ȻӶԪϯֱǻΪƥֱɨлֶȥ
Ȼ˵ֹƣлȴһЦû˿ļ󣬶˵ĹƵִͷʱһȫںеӰͻȻ߳һֻɿݵָ̽棬ڹƣһץ
꣡
ݵƣصץסϯԪƥȻݺһգȻֱؽԪƥ󱬶ȥ
飡
һԪƥǵӰۻӶһȦɫⲨϯǬˡ
ǿߣ
ͻıʣʱõǬɫЩãżգαˣǿѧʩչݺݵغǵɢĺɫⲨ
أ
ɫⲨʩչǿѧƴ˳ΧǱһž֮ϣɫصǵӰˡ
֪а綴λϣǬ
ٺ٣ЩСϲˣͷȻѱа綴ֶǾˡӰ˻̧ͷ¶һŲϵӣϣһɫЫƣȥԵ÷Ĺ졣
ħЫϹ֣
ǬϵĺɫЪƣɫʱһ䣬˻Ƶصû뵽ħЫϾȻóһл󡭡
ˣǬȻ˵ǻʵСɵǿߣҲа綴ĳϣһ˵ﵽʵĳϣ඼ǱǱޣٳΣа綴죬Ȼǽ˸˳
ǳӰüͷҲǽţħЫϹǿߣʵԽ̫࣬һϵġ
Ǵǿߣȴа綴ǿߣһʱȻǸϲġ
С޶ǬħڵķϣϷǼƽϣߣл·ߣٺ٣Ȼ֪ϷҲӦ֪ϷֶΡħЫϹһЦƵݣȴź⡣
ǬӰüͷţһۣǴӶԷпһĨΣ֪ħЫϹҲʲôˣǼɵǱǳɱֽǡ
ߡ
ǬҲǹϣȻûãҲͲν֮٣һӣǴѸߡ
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ȵȡħЫϹҡҡͷ
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βͿɻûɾءħЫϹЦֻЦУȴɷš
ˣлһĿ⼱æɨȻû֮ˡ
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лǱƳˣ˲Цֳ
Сӣ·㲻ߣ㴳ЫϣСӣһܷŹˣ
ħЫϹĿ⵭Įֶˣͷ˻ƵУɱ⡣
Ȼٶô˵ˣϷ㽫˵˰ɡ


ھŰٶʮ 
֮ϣֶɫصħЫϹ֣촽΢򣬺ߵĳ֣ȻЩϣôδϵлԾȻһλ̤Ķǿߡ
ħЫϹֵʵȻа˻Ҫһ
⵹е鷳ˡֶüͷһķչȻûô˳ˡ
ֶôƺڸеǰɣлֶ΢΢õɫȴ̲סһЦɭȻѹ㣬ЩɵﲻڣɵΪһЩ޴ˡ
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Ī㻹Ϊӵ˲ɣлЦ
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ݣ
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ħЫϹǷ춦΢Цû뵽Сӻȱ
ħЫϹ۹⼫Ϊ꣬һ۱ǿֶ춦ƺﵽϵȵĲΣֵȼĴԪ֮а綴Ҳܹ֮˵ֶƾⶫ˴ֲаˣҲһŶȡ
ֱɲСܹƿصģǽϰ㱣ܰɡ
ħЫϹЦеŨṴ̃һϵȴԪ֮߱ǽܹ춦ˣɵĶǿߣҲжٵľ⡣
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ֶħЫϹһЦȻƫͷԵĽɺԸϹ˽㣬
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ιԼҶְĽɺСƮлǰЦģȥΪĿɰ
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޾׺ײ˹֮ϣǵȹ߽⣬ԪĳҲǴѣϮžݣѪҲڵϲĺۼ
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ھŰٶʮ 
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ֶߣһɨǶȻ˶һż貵׹⣬׹֮Уһ׽׽ûй̶壬ʱʱףʱΪһϵµķġ
ǵ׽ϣһֶΪϤĲɢֲһ

ֶһһԶƵĿϲڴ˿ӿĶ֪ǵ׽֮ӦñһֱѰҵĵڶö
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ֶͷǰϣȴһĨظЦݸֳȻૡ
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ھŰٶʮ ;
ֶߵϢѸٴ򸽽ĺҲڣǳҪѰ֮УŲٶǿߣͬһϾֻǿ߶ʵЩԿܡ
ⷬҲû̫ЧƬһƬʱǺ춦¯ȻǾǱţȴǷڵĽ
ڣҲңѰ޹ҲεĳˣʱֶԶƬ򣬲жôֽͨ죬Ҫ޾ħҳһˣȻһ൱ѵ¡
ڵ𽥽Ǻɺнµĳ춦¯ҲǿʼٶŹâ˸΢΢һ𣬱ǽʯӳ
ݡ
춦¯ӳֶȴûǲٿŶ¯СԺˮȻӳʱȻǲںϸ·ģ˵һЩѰҲɢУŷ춦֮˵Ǽںн춦Ѱ
㺣ǱУһʱ䣬ֶϵѰ𽥵ؼٺŲٿŷ춦ˮ
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룬Ŀ㶢ֶϸһĨЦݣỺصа綴Ķ
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ھŰٶʮ 
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ھ޾ǰգź۵ĳһ΢Цȥ൱ºͣȻֶȴܹЦ²һƬı
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Ǻǣǳֻô˳յһЩϢȻ˳·˹΢Ц
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ֶЦЦһԵĽɺһۣһͻȻ͵һȾβһˮƺݺݵضȥͬʱӴ壬ҲѸٶźǱȥ
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а綴죿
ӱĽɺȴһĨ
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ھֶһ壬ȻԭѾʼ˵ԪٶһָΪ͵̬


ھŰʮһ ҹ̸
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ԪĵֶԪ༷ѹ䣬ͳȻ⺣֮ԶԶĴ
İ׹⣬ֶЩ׹̺֮ǰǵ齬̺֮ΪľֶԪХһ˿˿׹̰ں϶ȥ
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˵ڶ£ǲ֪ȻҽаԪƽ̣ǿ̤ת־ĳǿ߰Ľ᰻һת
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Ϣȥˣֶ΢ֻǶ´ȥûʲôô֪ͨ׺·ߵģ
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ˣĽǰһ£֪ʲʣֶͻȻʲôһһԳ˯еĽɺʵ
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ĽֶһĻȴõֶüͷĽ壬Ȼƫͷ¹˯ȥСŮ
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ھŰʮ ִ
ΪĽת־ĳǿǰ׺·;Уǳ˳а綴춴֮ҲδҲףĽᰵıֶˣڶʧҲֻܴʣ˭а綴ʵȲϲʥء
Ȼһ·˵˳ⲻһЩ鷳Ͼ̫ע⣬ֺޣֵ˵ĸܹ߰Ļ۸˿һԪ֮١
ҲΪˣֶнȻҲһЩŵĿӣЩųںɱ˶ᱦײеһЩŵħжһЩ
ǿһͷ˵Ƥʱ۾Ѫ
һΣЩν׺ݺߵһӲ˼壬лŵɱˣһ룬ֱӱһɾ˾뺣ףȻҲ
һںУһЩƺҲǾƺʲôƲ磬رڵһ֧൱ĺ֮ϵλʵﵽɶҲĽһ׺󣬿־巽ŽЩе̰ȥȻʼӵӡ
ЩӴʱһЩϢҲѸٵںϴ֮ӣ֮еĺžɢȻڵѪҲǺףﲻˣǻǹԹ˿ĺá
˳֮£ֶ˵нٶҲٶԼںϺԼʮʱҲǵִħҲǿʼ𽥵ؽӽǵĿĵأ׺

ε羵ĺ֮ϣһͷ޾Զ˶ˮں峺Ļصš
ֶھ֮ϣʯ˿ڵ˫ĿңԶĺ棬ͻȻЦһʱ䣬Ӧþִܵ׺ˡ
ŶҪ𣿡ô˻Ľɺʱ˷ȲҪȥǸ֡
ֶЦŵͷ⽫һʱĸ·Щľô˷ţȻҪԼֱӺɺʱӳ
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ھеɹ̫ĽԣҲһЦ޳Ƶһ⣬ȻЦȻҪˣҲˡ
ֶĽҪߣ죬еϧǿİ֣ܹһȥ׺Ǹöá
ͷҲֻ룬Ľһ·ѾǼ˲鷳ҲԼ飬ʲôЩôˣֶԸ񣬵顣
һ·鷳ĽǰˡֶĽᰳⷬ·ĽᰲǵɫһͻƵɣһ飬ֶǼͷ
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ǰģֻҪһţͲɺֶȭ֣صص
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ĽȻٶһĽɺСԴѾͷֶĻҴ
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ˣֶϣ˴ֻضܹջ񡣡
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ûĽ𳬼ǿ򣬽ֵÿԼ˰ָоֶΪϲ

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ֶΧЩ˽üͷҲ΢΢һ£û뵽ʯ¥֮ϵˣǾˣѹе춯

ֶͻȻ뵽ʲô˫һУȻе춯ӦҲǲ˰ɣ
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Ŷ֣ǴҲǻ鷳㽫ϾǴҹͬԸһ˲ҲǺ°
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ֶһĻһȻһЩӵĵطɿյأȻһĿ⣬䵽ֶϡ
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̰ĿעУֶת̧ͷԶʯ¥һ΢Ц껣صµǺֶΡ
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һζıãҲʲô취ء
Щݽɫչ黹ǵñǸݰ
һԵĽɺƫͷȻǼֶһ


ھŰʮ ɱӺ
ŵľͷĵӰֵ˽һѪ۷ϣѪ֮ƣ䣬һѪζɢ
˵Ϣ൱ǿᣬǹۻԪ˾̤ɣͷߣɶʵ൱
ĿĵӰȻҲһЩ˽Ѹٵش
ѪڵѪĽͷģ½ڰɣ
ǱĸһˣЩһļ
ֶ֪ħдһЩǿ߰
ѪĽóս֣Բǿ߶ʰǡ
ֶҲе㵹ù
Χ˽ӰҲ¶һĨѪζЦݣͷ΢ƫͷǰֶϣһ۽Ǻӵĵ̣ȥΪֶԿ׽ɣûԿףʱһȻԽȥ䣬Ϊƴɲֵá

˵ע£Ŀ΢ֶͻȻ³һȻ󻺻̧ͷϣʱȴǶȻӿһĨļµ塣

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ѵ֪ǰˣȾ˲ѪѪһô

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ӣֶмٷŴâӹֱֶ֮ϡ
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ھŰʮ ˮ
ԭлЩĳУ·ڴ˿ȻİĿⷺЩ죬ңңĽǹŵͷš
ǴӺɢ壬üһЩͬǵѪĺͫ΢΢һ˭û뵽ֶȻʯǽ½նɱ
ܶڵȴһҴսı˭ϵոսǽǵϣҲǶľߺʬ
˶ܹظоǰǵʯֵֶĸɴ䣬ûи½κεĻᣬһ֣һ
ⷬõףǰ֮˵ȥᣬҪЩé®ëͷСӣ൱޴顣
ֶⷬԵʣһɭȻʱٳԭһЩˣҲǰе̰ԿãҲűǮȥòС
ǺǣλѹȻʵѹܹԿסʯ¥ϣЦݵһĻƣЦ
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ΪͼƣһɣǸɣԪš


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ƬأһֻҰ֮ɫһưܵϢؼ䣬ӵĲɣõףƬأδ
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ʮ˵Ӱڴ˿̻аĺɫ棬ӿȻ̧ͷǰϰٵĿɿڴȺ


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Щâ˸ʱһʵʰҲ󸲸ЩſӰĹ֮ϣļ͡
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߰ɡ
ʱֶҲ֪˾ѣֻҡҡͷĽɺ˵һһǻΪ⣬Ŷȥ


ھŰʮ ֮
ڽʯ֮ʮ˵ʬֶҲٶȶֱӸ򶴸ڶͦ·;УҲܹٴ붴ѰߣͬȳسһЩĵ֮УĴѰſҵһб
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һ·ֶǼ˲ʮƴ˫ɱ൱ۣڽս֮⣬ŲĿǰ̰صȴţҪⶴ˳ȡñɲһ׵¡
Ѱ֮Ļƴ⣬ħʴȻҲһЩ鷳Щ鷳඼ͬǰֿʬЩʬħʴգ֮ĨڵħǱǻѵһ߾ɱ¾
Ƭ𽥻ĶУȻŲٵǿɥЩʬУⲻδõη壬ԽԽǿ߻һרѰЩʬ֣ΪЩʬﴦ۵ġŵҲһ൱ıóȥһöҲֵԪȼֵֶ൱Ķ
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ˣЩѰߺѰЩʬʱֶˣȴǱֱǰУֱȥ
˵룬ֵ֮һЩȺҲܼͬưܵϢһЩַУҲܹԼĸо˵־ս
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ʧܵĽ֣Ǵʷ֮ȻĨǴ˴ζ˭֪Ƭһǿ
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ھŰʮ 
׺֮ϣһٻӰȻһȹĽŶ˵òֶŮУָܹһȼˡ
ŮȴǽȻͬ˽ӴĮΨнӴˣܹо֮ص棬˵ɫͣʥ̲ס׽ȴǧĮȻ
ֶüͷ΢ǳ׺ϵ棬Ҳûϵ߾ȻҲҿǰֵģȻͬǶֵġ֮ġġ
µи󵽣ͻȻг֣Щ̫ðɣֶƳһ۽ߵġ֮ġص
˵ŻʱֶĿҲɨһ󷽣ʮӰЩǿߣոս붴ʱƺһЩӦǷ䵽ĵطѰˡ
ִֶ˻ˡ
ֶ΢΢һЦЦݷĶˣⶴ֮Ҫжⶴ֮Уǳһٶȵˣ
ֶüͷһŮ˵Ҳһ仰ȻҲٵķϾֵطνĹףǵÿ˭ȭͷˡ
ԵǲȻ˵ĻҲͲˡֶҲǳˣһЦһƱٶȶǡ֮ġץ˹ȥ
Сӣң
ͻȻϢǿ׵ŭĿԲгǹֳӶضֶΧȥ
ৣ
θնʱĽɺǽСӰҲֳ׸һᣬȻݺȳɫⲨϯصıֱǹ֮ϡ

֮쳹𣬿񱩵ľϯ·׺ĵ׵ӣֱǱ˶ȥӿݣû뵽ǰǱĿɰŮͯ㾪֮
Ľɺסʱֶһѽǡ֮ġץУһӿĶе㷢顣
ֶոץס⡰֮ġʱһҲƮȻһֻ̧޳˫ָһɼİ׹ֱָۣ˺˿ռ䣬ضֶű̶ȥ
ֶ湥֮˸乥Ʊܿкӿ֣һգֱ֮ϱŰӿһȭ

ֶһȭʱһͳʱ쳹ֶΪһɫЯž˵ݺݵض˹ȥֶ֣ȻͬûаϧĴ㣬ңǰʱʲô֣ҲֻֿԣǰŮˣɲ򵥡
·׺ҲǱֶһȭ˺ѳһʮɵĺۼ׹˸
ֶ׺ݵһȭһգһ˸Ű׹֮ǳУһţ׹ⵯ俪ǻΪһɵɡ
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׺ϷĲõԼڶǿ㶣ȻĿͶȥٽţǱǴ㵵ļһ˸׵ĹţҡҡڰڵĴ֮
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Ǻǣ׺֮Щ򵥰Ŀ˸һĻֶһۣص

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ھŰʮ ҹ

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⽫ֶ御һ˿˿׹ӴʱǱֵطʵñǺҴ룬˲ǻᱻЩ׽һ齹ֶ̿ʱбһ˿衣
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ֶüǻƴڶǿߣȻֽĽɺеԣҲȡһЩ֮İɣⶫҲŲС档
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ңǽ˷·ǧ֮õ˫ĿҲǳϸ΢Ķ·𼴽ѵĶħһ㡣


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۶ȥʱͻȻһͳ֮дȴһ޷֮⡣

£ŨŨѹ֮Ȼ쳹˶ǼЩƣǷɿһγһ״ݺݵغںɫ֮ϡ
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ֱֲõǵɫԼ䣬·һд⣬һּΪ׺̬ؽǵɫ˺ѿȥ
ݣ
ںɫ类˺ʱһڹ⵹ȻΪһɫꪣĵɳȥԭĹâ˿ȴǱ쳣
ͣ
ǺɫꪵɶʱǲԶɫ˲ӿϳ֮ɫȻһѪУӿŨŨĺȻԼš
ʵ޷ţ㹥ƣȻˣ
һ֮£ʤѷ֣
ɢȥֶ˫ĿϢѸήҵ껣ɱһͻȻӶһ±ǳںǰȻһƱΧٶݵĿУݺݵضźȥ
һǸҶɱ֣
һЩ˵һžǿߵɱ껡
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ھŰʮ ħ
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Сң
ȻֶǷŨŨɱƷ缴ʱһװıȻǾ֮дһӰȰܳһ£ǳԣ˫ָȻ
ͣ
˰Ԫ˫ָۣԪΧһżΪǿɱĺƣ
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ǰָƣֶȻһݣرƵõɫУȻǿߣ
ɱб裬ֶкȴŨǲܣƷָâӲһ
飡
Ӳֶ˲һɾʹĴ˫ĿУȴźɫҽźԥĻһ껡ȣһ棬ݺݵ֮ϡ
񱩲ɢֶ껵Ӱͬʱĵɶɼ䣬ֶһƺߣȴǷһҽУһѪ˳
һСӰѸٵسֶСֵ䱳䣬ӿ䣬Ҳ
ֶ磬û°ɣֶ£Ľɺæʵ
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ڹҪҪģȻ͵Ϯ֣ĽɺҲǿǻҷߣ۾ŭӿ
ҷɫؿĽɺһۣȻתֶЦСӣ㵹ǺúݵģһԶѣôݵô
ͷûǵȻҪֳʤֻҪδ䣬Ծ͵üȥ⣬ħʲôʦֵѺд裬Īǣ㻹ҪȵԪȶƽֲɣֶЦЦǳ
ΧЩǿԣҲ˵һЦǶǻ켣ħеȻҲʲôƲ磬ʹˮ˭óǰһĻǻǵĻҲǻֻ֣ȴûֶǰϰˡ
ԣҷｲʲôֶκݣõһЩаЦħֶβݵ㣬ǲǱ˸ˣ
ǻҷӹŭ
ֶҲĿɫ԰ףϢήȻƲ껣Цеص֣ڱʤнôûеĻǾͼɣںܶѶŽء
ԣƤ̲סس˳飬ɫЩ࣬ͷ൱ŭ
ǰû֧ܴĻͼ
ԵĶԵģǿɶء

ʱΧҲǴٸͺЦƽʱЩǿ߻Ҳ˵㻰Ƕעе֮ĵǳ˹ϵȻҪע
ΧЩЦ껱ӸŨһ֣ϵԭֶһ֣ȴǱѿ
ңǰĽ棬Ȼ·磬Ѿ˲ƣٸֶǺ˽ֵĻԺߵֶΣһᣬ¾ͻ֣ʱԵĳ϶־Ԯ
ţɫҲ粻˺Ƭ̺󣬷żΪʵһҧⳡԣӮˡ
Щŵǿԣɫһ䣬˵ʲôȴǱ껻ĿɭضֶеĺݶҪֶһ㡣
ǺǣִȣȻĻǱ㽫ʮ֮óɣڳѿɻŷءֶ˵ģȴӶЦص
껱ʮ֮ģִۼ൱ʹǿ߻ǷڵĻ˭ҲָЩͬƲļһǻ᲻ʲôֽţϾǿҲ޷ħһ졣
ֶҾŵĶˣɵСıһһʮ׹ǬзɳȻֶ
ֶ״΢΢һЦһӣʮеһǱսǬУʮţֱӷΧЩǿߡ
λ˵õģб˴һ׬
䣡
Щǿ߼ʮ֮ķ۾ʱȻۻԪһӰӳ
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ǵɱֶᣬֻܽʮ֮ķֳȥ˭ܹõͲܵķΧˡ
ѸٱϷֵʮ֮ģƤȻĿ⣬ֶɭȻλҾֶ֮˽˶ԹˣǲҾΪУ벻Ҫٲʲô
껴£Щǿ˲䲻ǰ껳ԿôʧڣȴǸһˡ
Щǿԣһ£Ȼ˻ȥǵӣȻðŵŵΣȥֶǰΪֶܵһݡ
ֶȻҲûϣЩϣ˫Ŀ΢еɱڵľǿߣرҷߣĲΣʵ˿а綴ħЫϹҪԸǿߣֶҲֻܶ÷춦֮ҲضʱڣȻǼΪǵ¡
ǰľţȻҲٸʲô
⵹е鷳˰ֶ
Ҹ˵ҾŵĶɳԲ𣡡
ĿɭضֶƻȻ£
£ʮǿ߱ӶѧǵصضֶϯȥɱŨ
ֶĽɺվһЩľǿߣ֮ϣҲŰԪӿ
ݣ
Ȼ˶Ϊ˫ƴʱͻȻ䣬һڹ⣬͵·ҹбЩǿ׵ֱӱǺڹⲨ쳹ʮ˾ͬʱѪɶ
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ħ
ֶǵӰжȻӿһĨȻ֮ɫ


ھŰʮ ˱
ڹ糱ˮҹӿڶǿҲ㵵һʣǵĿڼǺڹ֮еǵ׳˶Ӱʱɫȴ𽥵ر
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ģʲôⶴ֮ô˵Ĺ죬˭ûôĿܣ
ⶫƺöԸ
ţǰЩʬҪǿ١
ʲôǰôʬѹȥˣôһ߻ܷ첻ɣ

˽ҲǺܿڳбǰʤڳЩǿƺû̫ľ£Ͼ棬ռžԵơ
ȻֶЩͷȴ̲סһĿ⣬ضǵڹе׳˶Ӱа񵽼ħ֮ǰʬҪǿᡭ
ħôֶеʵ
ħҡҡͷǰҲǿߣܵħʴ̫أֵħٶǴﵽ˽ײΡ
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ǰʵǴﵽԲĲΣת־Ҳһ֮ңϧȴǻǽħУǽħʴħӡһ˿ǷӡڣӶ׵׵ĻΪһɱ¾
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ֶľЩħҲǺݶ˼ңȻ׷ŹʩչݶֶΡ
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ֶԣ΢΢ͷڵʵƴֶΣҲֻСɵǿ߿⣬ǴɵĻǻֻеͷӵķˡ
ֶҽ̸䣬ǾǿߣҲΪⷬʣӶͶڹ⡣
ǶǿСһЩҷɫصǺڹ⻺߳׳˶Ӱ
ǾʲôĨȥǵѪüʵ
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ǸСӣݵĿ⿴ֶ
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䣡
׺Ŀ۶ȥʱǵ׳˶Ӱ̤ڹ⣬Ȼ˵Ŀע¡
ʱ˷ܹļӰգΣ׳ԶԶȥС;ˣȻԭҲǳ貵ɫʱϣȴһּΪаĺɫħƣЩ·ÿһ䣬ԶԶȥɫϣͷƤ顣
˫ĿҲǳִ֮ɫûκεĲȥ
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ࡣ
У֪˭ĵһĭϸ΢ⰲȴԵøĴ̶
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ǼʮǿһǶûɰ˺
ÿֲķһЩǿ߼״ҲźȻ䣬ǸоһЩǰʬƺ֮ǰԸЩͬ
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ৣ
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飡
ںڹӰʮǿʱǵ壬Ȼ̣ţһѪըǵʺǳһȭͷСѪѪԵɫħţת˲ǴܽڣԪ񣬶ʴȥ

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֣Բǿ߶˱ܣ£ȴգۼ䣬ֱӱǵڹӰĨɱȥ
һɱ
ʱ׹ǰڹӰʵƺﵽһ൱ֲĲΡ

ֶҲ𶯵һĻһû˿ԥһĽɺǶ׺֮ϱӶȥ
ⶫܹԸġ
ֶϵĴĽɺʱǸոĨɱʮǿߵĺڹӰͫͻȻڹ˸ԭвУһ˿Ϊϸ΢ãȻ
ǡɡ
˻ƵģںڹӰš


ھŰʮ 
ͨ
׺֮ϣͻȻˮӰѸٵӳ׽俪ͳ֮
ʱ׺ΧŲǿǴףʱ򿴼ֶˣһʱ䶼Щ졣
ȻֶȴǣֻصĿ·׺ǳ󲻾ã·һ൱ֲĲ
ʱ׺֮ףӦñһ൱ҵĴս
ֶɲΪź׵ЩˣܹʵﵽɵħʬôǾԼУƺһλʵﵽСɵǿ
ֶ磬Ǿô˰Ľɺ۾Щϧ׺
ٺҲСܲǰֶЦŵ˵ĽɺĶͷǶǷƴôǿܹܣʧĲأǺαȥǳ֮ꡣ
ðɡĽɺԣҲֻŵͷֶ֪Ըǲȥðִյġ
ȡ
ֶɨɨΧĽɺ뿪ͻȻһ·׺͵رǧɾˣ¡¡ľ̺ż˿񱩵ϯ
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׺ΧʱͻЩδºǿãȻһĻȻΪʲôЩͻȻȫ˳
ˣ
ǱصǿߣĿ⾪ֵκ˵׺е
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ʱ׺ǶȻըѣһɾ𣬶˼⴦һ׳˶ĺڹӰĮȻаĺضǱЩ
ʲôǿĲ
׺ΧһĿҲǷ𶯵˼⴦ĺڹӰ֮Ѹٵش
ֶɫصһĻħʬȻôǿ߶޷ѹס佻ֹȻǶԵġ
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ڿɻûִﶴʹֶΣɲֵáҷҡҡͷ۳֮ķǿ󣬵ֵضȲ˶ıǷӲ
ԣжʱӹһĨʣҲ൱Ȼ׻ҷ˵٣ڳƬ̺ǵ˵ͷ
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Ŵ㳷ˡ
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ھų˼ʱֶǷ֣ǲԶǿߣҲͬĶȻֵĽһġ
Ҳߡ
ֶ״ϣţߣȴĽɺѸٶŶȥ
䣡
Ȼ˴ξֶʱ׽֮ϵĺڹӰħȴһ£Ǻв˫ĿУǷһЩǶԺĿͶֶȥķ
λ֣նɱⲣڵ֮۳֮ģضǾ汦
׺Χǿ߻۶ŴУ̰֮⡣
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֣
һϰٵӳۻ빥ƣ籩ǵڹӰ
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ģ
ֶĺڹ⣬ɫ֪뻹ڵġ
ߡ
ֶнĽɺߴһٶȶȻ£һ£ʧ֮ߡ

׺ΧһƬǽ壬ѪʬƯ׺ϣúɫǱð࣬ΧһЩдǿߣ־ǵڹӰԶȥķٲκε׷֮١
Ƕ׷ֶķȥˡҷԶͻȻеص
ԣһ㶣жʱϲɫӿЦǸùСӣҲãʬֽʰˣҲʡǵ鷳
ߡ
һ䣬һӣǴžŵһ򣬶Ŷٸȥ
Χǿ߼״Ҳ½½ĸȥȴû˭Ҷǰʬ˿뷨ףֶʵ̫ѶԸˡ
һУСҪ

ݣ
ӹʣǰ٣˵ͳ֮
ֶɫٶʩչ£ܹоǵڹӰԽԽȻٶȣҲǸ졣
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ֶǳǰħʬǳȥص
Ľɺҧ촽СֽرŻе׸ǣ۾У⼱ٵ˸š
׼ƴɡ
ֶһȴ𽥵رñ絶ⶫжѶԸҪֶ־ܣҲǲܵ¡
ڹӰ̤գǶԺĿضֶƬ̺Ǻе˫ĿУǷ󲨶ϸ΢زţ·ţţƣһ쳣˻ƲУ˳
ɡҡ


ھŰʮ 
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㻹ӵǣֶĿضǰͨаħĺڹӰԥһ£̽ʵ
ڹӰգǶԺĿ֮УϵŹâ˸ֶܹпŨŨȻƺڵħţӶԼֻ֪ɱ¾״̬ѹ
ҡڹӰٶɳƳУŨŨĿ
ңô£ôܱһ˿ֶѸٵʵֱħʴħʬһնǳΪɱ¾ܣûκζܹħʴ£ǡ
Ӧ׺֮ױ֮͸ǧ꣬ڵħѹһЩҵɱħҲ⽫һ˿Ƿӡڣ˿Ǵ֮ħƽѰ÷϶ûг׵״ҳ
ǡܰʲôֶ૵
ӦڵҪ֪ħΪаѰܽĨΨŰ˴ԼһЩΪž߱
ҪĨڵħ
ֶԣʱм֣֪ڵʯȷӵĨħǰħʬڵħȻѰԼҪĨΪѣһʱħ壬ǿǻ൱ͷۡ
ܾĻ˭Ҳ׼ħʬ᲻ٶȷ񣬵ʱһʧȥκǣֻ֪ɱ¾ɵħʬֶ½ӵͷۡ
鷳
ֶЦȻҲûϵģħʬǻææƺǰﲻɣȻ
ڵħȷ൱ǿʢҪĨҲǵñ붯˵
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ֶü䣬ħʬļңĿ֮˸΢Ĳ֮УŨŨİ
ǧķӡԣµĥһ˿ǣԼһ˿˿ıʴձһֻ֪ɱ¾ħʬı˾
ֶħʬ¶޾յȭͷҲǻɿ̾һ΢΢ͷҾΪ
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лл
ֶԣħʬĿжʱŸм֮ɫӿ
ɺڴ˴Ϊһ˾ŵҡֶƫͷĽɺ˵
ţĽɺصصͷСֽŻе׸ǡ
ֶ״һӣ춦ɳȻǰħʬҽɣҾΪ㻯ħ
ֶһ䣬ħʬӳԥͶ춦ڣֶҲǻΪӽС
Ľɺ˽춦Ҳڰ۾ܡ

춦ڣֶվǰħʬڵǿʢħƤ̲סض˶һһɫ⻪кХΪһöڶĹϷġ
һǿ֮ԷɢһеڽӴǹ֮ʱǱɶ

ħħʬյĺڶģĿż֮ɫֳĸӦȻû
λǰڵħ̫ǿ󣬶ʵ޷Ĩֶٻ˵
㾡ɣһס˺㡣ħħʬɳƵصÿһ˵嶼ҵضţ˫ĿҲǲаɱ渡֣Ȼѹڵɱ¾ֹԼֶ֡
ֶ΢΢ͷл֮ҲĨħǲĻӦпܰ쵽ġ
һ䣬ֶһ貵ĹиֳȻӭ籩ǣգۼ䣬ǻΪһӴĹգͬʱһصĲҲɢ
ȡǬֶһţһº͵İɫ⻪ӶȻΪһöʯʯϣͬżΪصĲ
ͬʱ֣춦ڵĿռ䣬ǳŤԪҲԼЩ
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ħħʬֶĻͷȻͻȻ䣬𣬽ֶǼħȻ࣬ǲħƣҲڴʱһЩ
Ȼڽڵ֮ȫѹħ
ֶ״Ҳ΢΢һһϵǬת˴Σȴתʱ䣬ģһ൱š
Ǭķֽ֮ħʱֶƾУĨɱԪӣҽնɱԪС
ڵֶʵȣٶǬԶԶ
ǬתʱʯҲһƬƬº͵µİɫ⻪ֳ
Ҳͬʱתڶ֮У֮ĺɫâɿۡ
ȥ
ֶɫָһ㣬һȣҲбȶ
ݣ
£ֻչ⻪ɫͬȴ̺൱˲Х£Ȼ䣬յħħʬ֮ϡ
ͣ
֮ٶ£ħħʬ֮ϣŰһëȻļҲ֮


ھŰʮ Ĩħ
ͣ
֯ҫħħʬ֮ϣŹâ䣬ħ̣УЩа֮ǿʼһۿɼٶɢš
Ȼ֣Щħ൱ǿĿԡ
УħħʬҲǲϵĨҲǶ൱ǿҵʹ
ֶɫأٿ˵ħϵɢȴû˿ķɣΪħʬĽǲͬϣħƣЩħƣͬһ㣬ħ֮ڣԣǲЩħĨĻҪĨħҲֻ롣

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ֶһ˿˿֮µĺڰصһʱɫЩף߶ĿʵС
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⣬ħʬ֮ϣԭаħȴڴʱɢȥ˫ĿҲǿʼŲӿ֡
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ӰıЩӲ˫ĿҲȻ˺Ƭ̣Ȼһֿϲµӿϲ嶼ϸ΢زţɴ˿ɼдʱļ
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ЩνͳףҲǿǿߣѹⶴᱻٳǳսضǾ춯ء
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ھŰʮ 
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һĨϲɫֶ˫Ŀ΢գӦһڣٶʱеϲɫǶȻŨ
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ֶţҲͲٶһ춦ʧȥʧⶦڵҲȻɢȥ


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׵Χһ𽥵ؼǶڵȴɢֶЦ
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ʱ𽥵ţƬҲʱʱƷ𣬺󷽵һЩǿҲڴʱһʱ䣬ӰϣҲô˴˲١
Ÿǿ࣬׵ΧҲһĿУıԼʮӺһϸ΢Щǳɢȥ
ɢɲǣԭѡӵϣȻ䰲ǿߵУһЩ޷ε̰ӿ
֣
ͻأ䣬֪˭ǳ̰ĺ쳹ȻƬϵĽ밲˲һЩǿߣǰ಻סе̰ȳ֮̾׵
ֶЩȲǿߣȴ൱ĮȻҲԭضҲְ಻ס̰ˣܹġ
ৣ
ϰٵӰƳգһ־˵ٶ׵ڶ̶Ϣ䣬ǵִ׵š
䣡
ۻԪΪϰٵƥ˺ѿȻǵصɫ׵֮ϣ¡֮ʱ쳹ʡ
أ
֮ǿȫɫţ˲䱬ըһɹϵζҲƿ׵֮ǧĵٶؼա
ȥ
׵űƣЩǿпϲαӶ˵ʱѱ̰ɱΣȫ߶ԪΧγǿķ
ֶĮȻһĻΪһ˼׵ʱ񣬶Ȼһ
䣡
װڴʱ׵Ȼը죬⣬Żֱ׵֮гȻɽɱ״ϰǿ֮дǰٶȣֶͫ׶һ
飡
˺գֱϰٵǿ֮кֱײһӰֱƾձըΪһѪ
̶̲ʮϢʱ䣬ǳǰϰǿߣ˲串ŨѪ׵֮ǰƮɢţǹŨŨѪζòǿжӿ˺Ȼ
ʲôһЩ˾Ԫʱת
ֶص⣬һ־ٶĨɱϰǿߺҲǻ׵֮ǰֳ
ͨɫӰǵϣǲϵħƣһɹаǿĺϵشɢ¶ȶǽࡣ

ֶһħʬѿеˡˣǰԲʵ䣬ܹɡ
֮ǰһɵħʬǽڶǿ߱ƵǰǱ£ȴߡ
׵ɲý
ֶǷ׵ŵӰ


ھŰʮ 
Ӱ׵֮ǰĺ֮гаò˶Щɫ䡣
ָĿܣ
껣ڶǿӰɫȴ̲סѿһ֣׺ʱǼʶⶫʱһ߱õǸе֣ڣǳߡ
൱ɵǿ߰
ŨŨѪȣڰ𽥵ƮɢѪȵĴ̼£ЩǱ̰嵭ǿߣҲ𽥵һЩǶٳȥ
˭ܹǰʬǿǰϰǿͬʱ֣ȴǱǲ˵йһѸնɱڻ˭ҳ壿
Ǻǣħư
ԪʬȴӹһĨЦ⣬ȴûʲôͷ񣬷ԹţҪν·
ͷ̰һʱ׵֮ҲԵøİǿĿ˸˼ŸӦǰľ档
ֶͬû˵κεĻǿ߲٣ҸﶼЩˢӣûҪȥǿˣʲô硣
㰲Ҳûг̫ãǲԶľһۣȻڶǿעл߳
λ
껳ڶǿ߹һЦǵĿ꣬ǽ׵Ѱʬȴǵñ
һƬǿ߶ǽ껸ţû˵Ϊ֪Ȼ껻ӦĴ㡣
֪ʬɵʵǿнֵĻˣ˶С
ôԣЩ΢΢ɵʬǵȷ൱ԶԸˡ
Īʲôⲻɣǿ߳ʵ
껵һЦǵȷŶԸʬֶΣȴҪڳڶǿһȻĻҲѳɡ
˻˵ҲһЩɧֶüͷ̲סžȻܹԸɵʬ
Ȼа취ȻãĿ궼ͳһֻҪܹ·㶨Ȼû⡣
Щǿڳһ֮ҲһһЦֻҪȥЩӲǱС
ԣҲЦݸ֣һһɫԲֳԲ֮ϣԼ󷨵Ĳֲ൱ǿᡣ
Ҿẉֻ̂Ҫ߶ǿγɾ󣬵ʱƾ󷨣Ӧܹʬѹʱ䣬Щʱ䣬Ѿ㹻׵֮ȥˡ
ȻǾǾŵĻڴҪ󷨣ǿҪʮǿߡ
ٽѹУҪǿʵУʵҲָ
껵ǴЩ
ո£ΧŲپ֮һЩǿ߶˵е
ֶҲԾضŹâİɫԲ̣棬Ҳ˲׵Ĳ죬治Ǵڴɰ
νľ˵ȲڵǬ󣬵ȻҲʡ͵ĵƣ˵Ҫѹʬʱ䣬ӦҲ¡
Ǻǣ߶ҪƵԪֻλˡЦеص
ҲЦŵͷȻףǲԼԸʬҪǵ֣ԴˣЩǿҲûòˬ˭ֻвء
ֶĮһĻȻóѹʬҲֵɡ
ֶŵʱȴǼ껵߶ͶĿ⣬ЩЦ
Ͼ޷߶̫ʱǿҪ˽ʬ󷨡Ц
˻һ䣬ǿ΢ݣΣջˣ˭ȥЩּ˺ʬ֡
¹ʬҾһߣǵʬȴǵҪڳѳһ˰æһˡЦеص
һƬžһȻ˭û뷨
һĻҲ⣬ٽţĿ⣬ֶĮע£תϡ
λڴ֮ǰҲһͬʬʱʬǰȥ׷ɱֵֶܣȴǱ˳ѣ룬ʬ£ֵֶΪʡ
ৣ
껴£֮ϣĿ⼸˲˲ԶֶЩΪľȣȻû뵽ֶȻܹһɵʬӵ
ǺǣԭֶʵǿᣬȻˣǷĪˡ
ţ»öְֶ
ֶĪҪƴǡ
ǿߣĿ˸䣬ЦųһЩֶ껼Щ·ȴûĹЩֻҪǳЩʬ˭ɡ
˵
Ľɺҧ۾ŭȻˡ
ֶɫĮȻֶΪݣڱΣջϾǵģֽڳôǿߵƣֶǷԵĻǻΪʸ֮ģʱɿ˶֣ŲǿߣֶеԿѡ
ϣ侮ʯˣȱ
Ǻǣֶ֣ҵĽ飬ΣЦֶЦصǺֶŭԣһо棬õһּΪεľء
ڶĿ⣬ֶϣвٶǲ⡣
ֶΧЩĿȴδ죬ֻǿһЦݵ껣Ƭ̺ҲЦݸֳ
Ȼͷ
԰ɡ


ھŰʮ ʬ
껼ֶȻͷʱȻӹһĨɫûϵ߾ȻӦ˵ĸɴࡣ
Ǻǣֵֶܹȫ֡
ȻܿɢȥٶЦӿֻЦݣô͸Źɹ֮⡣
ȻԴˣֶȴӶֻЦ껣Ǳֵ󷨰ɡ
껵һЦһŰ׹Բ̱貵Ĺ⻪ϯȻһâڰս֯Լ䣬·γһΪӴ󷨣ֻ󷨣ȴǽлδܳΡ
λ뽫Ԫע֮СתͷڶǿߣЦ
ôԣЩǿҲ΢΢ͷԪХΪһƥֱ֮ڡ
ˣ
ЩԪӿ룬󷨶ʱǿҹâۻԪĵУԭЩõ󷨣Ҳǿʼٵıʵһ־˵ɢ
󷨣Ҳż
ֶһĻ˫Ŀ΢΢һУνľܹΪŵĻڴ󣬵ҲȷһЩ֮
𽥳ʱ׵֮ǰʬ·ҲǲΣգǺۿУŲ֡
λְɡ껼״ҲǵЦһ
䣬λҷԼλնǿԪӿԼ䣬źɫɢȻˣǻʵǿߡ
һЩǿžλǿߣüͷЩȻۺǿߣɲܹгġ
ֵֶܡЦеضֶ
ֶĮƳһۣҲϻһϰգǻҷӿ˿ͬδ˵ӰӶһʬ
䣡
ʬһ϶ʱż˾˵ԪɢĵӰ㽻ǽֵ׺ݳ̶ȣľս
֣ⷬ˭óǻҷӼǴ·磬ֻСɵʵҪȻɵʬĶ֣ڵҲǻʬֻҪסɡ
˼һĻһЩͬĿ⣬ɨζǵʬȥֶϣҷСɵʵʬĶо·磬ֶȴֻɵʵ֮Ĳ࣬治һǰ㡭
ЩĿ⣬ֶȴӶӳǵʬ֮ǰź֮ϲħƣҲ֮ɫӿⶫ治öԸġ
𣡡
ʬǰûκεĿҰްĵͺдӿֱǻΪʮɫֶͬ߰ƶȥ
ֶʬһ֮չ˫֮ϣԼܹʮȻζ˫Ȼһһ
ৣ
ɫĶȻݺݵ˺ֶ塣

˼ֶУһʱЩȻСӾȻһжӲˣ
ȻϾδ̫ܳãΪǺܿıǼǵӰǻɢȥ
Ӱ
˫ĿһȻתͷֻǧ֮⣬һӰֶȻֶ
ÿٶȣ
һЩǿ߶һۣнӹһĨ𶯣ǰǣδֶܲ˿ģⷬٶȣ൱ľˡ
ϵЦҲΪһĻӹЩܹо̶̰ղʱ䣬ֶʵƺ˲٣ǰʱ껿ûоֶ㾪ٶȡ
ʵˣȻɻɡָоȴΣˡԶֶ
ʵôͻȻôģһǿ̲סʵ
汴ҧź촽ⷬģΪˣ˸ǲµʲôʱһЩɫӿ
ĪǡһõǾʬ۶ɵ֮ģ

䣡
ϣǵʬҲǶȻӶӿضֶ׷ɱȥ
ʬ׷ɱֶȴ˿ֻ֣Ǳ˫𽥵쿪ԶԶȥ͵ʮɵĵزֶҪʮȥӾ
֮仯ʱֶٶȻҲһ൱ǿĵزһʱ䣬ʬ𽥵سƽţϾٶһϣʬȻ
ֶƻ˱ܣһʱ䣬ս˵ֶ㿴գͷβδʬĽֹһΣǻҷǱƵżʬӲһӲȻʬռϷ磬ǱҲǿߵĻǻ൱Ǳ
ⷬ棬Ȼǳ˺ܶ˵ϣ˭û뵽ɵֶȻܹʬУñСɵǿ߸̹
ⷬϵӼ䣬ϵ󷨣Ҳ𽥵سΣȦȻ۶ɡ
껼ɣȴ࣬ǰһĻɲҪġ
֣Ӧò˰ɣ
ӳ󷨳ٶʱһЩǿߣȴͻȻڳĶǴҪʲôֽţȻһͦѵ顣
Щǳ鴤һ£ֻܰеĻЦŵͷӡһ䣬ǹȦٶȶȻӿ졣
λ뽫ʬȦ껵ͺȵ
úЩǱĻҷ˼æŹȦӶȥԹȦдʱʬҲǳ˹Ȧ֮С
ˣ
ʬȦʱֱֻ߶ȻԲŹȦӶ죬ڻҷ߶˳ȦʱȻ£Ϊһɹǹ֮УǷʬ
ݣ
ʬʱֶҲһʬȻӽǵȦ
껼״ȴǶȻӳһĨ֮ɫӡһ䣬ǹ߱£ٶȣ͵ؼӿ졣

һЩȻȻǿ˳껾뽫ֶʬǷС
ৣ
ֶǼٱ£ĹߣҲһĨ֮ɫ껣Ȼǲ⡣
ֶٶȣڴʱ£ǹߵı£ٶҲ˿ۼ֮ǽ룬ֶͻȻڰǿŤתź׷ʬ͵һȭ
飡
ǿ͵ľݺݵغǰգƬ͵ըѿһȭһɷȴȭ³Σֶ壬ǽɷΪһߣڶྪ컩ȻСĹ߼Уɶ
أ
߱£γĹΣ󷽵ʬݺݵײڹϣȴδܽװ˿

ֶ˫ɢǱڹеʬҲһתͷɫЩӲ껣Ȼź΢΢һЦ
ֻЦݣ˲


ھŰʮ 
΢ЦֶҲ΢΢鴤һ£ǿЦֵֶǺñ°ƾɵʵܹǣסһɵʬ
ñҲֵĺֶΰ
ֶЦЦֻеɱ⣬ȴҲβסԴӼڲϵضʹӣ¸뽫أ־ٶõֶɱ֮С
ҪĻ쵰
ֶɱӿʱһŭĽȴǶȻӺȻһСӰӶֱ׸ǣݺݵضŭĶȥ
껼״΢䣬ȴδֻ֣ǴǹƼʱǻҷߣӶݵƷĳԪУźڹӿƾˡ
飡
׸ǻҷƷӲһ𣬾쳹һɾ˵ĲϯǵСӰǱõɶ
ߣСŮҲ̫ûЩҷĿűɵĽɺȵ
ûֲϹѵ
ֶҲڴʱ׵ⶸȻڱӿһȣɺ
úĽɺͷֱӽе׸ֶһץסԪӿݺһӣɫⲨԹ׸֮ϺХϯǻҷߡ

ǻҷϯĺɫⲨҲһһȭһȭӡ۶صǺɫⲨײһ
أ
ľǹɿޱȵƶ˺Ѷ
ֶޱ飬˿ˣ׸ͻȻ𣬶޸Ȼݺݵ˦ڹ׸֮ϡ
ৣ
׸ֶһ£ʱΪһڹ⣬ֱ˺ѿռ䣬һ־˵ٶȶŻҷ߱ȥ

ǻҷ߼ֶȻ׸˦жʱӹһḬ̃ԼЦ׸ȻһΪǿ鱦ֶǰܹǿ߷ܹ߶ȻҲ׸ǵá
ʧȥ׸ǵֶϻ
ȻҪѱ͸ңҾȴ֮ˣҷ˫һգԪֱǻΪֻɾ֣ȻһѱǶǱӶĺڹץȥ
䣡
ץںڹ֮ϣȴž˵Ĳɢ׸ǼҵţǾγɽ֡
ֶĮһĻȴֻĿ⣬Ȼת껣һʧȥ
ֶʧЩǿɫʱһ䣬׹ԭֶĿ꣬ǻҷߣ껣
ǹ⽫׸ǣסҷߡ
Сӣң
ǻҷҲǷԣʱȵʱ׸Ǿס֮У·һɼΪһʱҲǲѡ
ֶĺȴδţһֱӳɫǰ󣬴Ц
䣡
ûκεԥֶȻһȭȭӿ䣬ʮƣȻֱ֮ϲƸ֣ʱ쳹
ʮǰռ䶼ǳһЩŤΧЩǿ߸ǿ񾪺
浱㲻ɣ
ҲǱֶƵöŭбײ֮ɫӿ𣬶ڰԪǺޱϯ
İ׹ƣ
дƶȻӨ񣬿ȥһֻ׹֣֮ӨϣһĺĲ
Ȼνľİ׹ƣҲһּѧ
䣡
ƵȭͷһɲǣֱڶĿע£ݺݵغǰ׹֮ϡ
ɲǣͳ̶쳹ƬƣǱɾ˺Ѷȥ
飡
ھ쳹䣬һըԼĲҽҲ֮Ȼ˱ͫ΢ļ껵һֱֻۣڴʱıһѪ壬Ҳͬߵķݣɶǿͼ裬ȴǹɸ崫ľһѪ
˻
˼ж̲סӿһĨ𾪣˭뵽ֶȻֱһȭǽʵﵽԲֱ𱬡
ʵ֮ǰ˽֣ҪΪǿ
ңֶǳֵĺҲǿͷ΢ǰ߿ΪᣬֶⷬΣȴ쳣ɱϡ
ǻҷ߶ϲֶȻܹһСɵǿ£˳
С
ǻҷ߼ش껣ҲǱŭζȻתצ磬ֶ
ݣ
ֶ˫չαˣ׵ؽǻҷ߹ƱܿȻż׸ϣĮȻűŭеĻҷԼǶһֱ۵껣صֵֻϢˣȻа˵˼ȻҲб˰׼
ǺǣǾŴҾҵν׵еıҪûϸˡ
ֶһЦĻȴֱõٶĻҷ߶ȻΡ
ʱʬѱ׵ҲǴţһı⣬ڳǿ߶Ǿ߱ڵջ󣬶ʱˣҲź
Сӣȴ˼ˣұҪܣãҷ
ʱ㡣
ֶ΢΢һЦҲһӣ׸ǱĽɺȻ󱻺һץס
ߣ
ֶڣȻȱӶӰͬ㣬ǳ׵źХȥ
󷽣ǴǿߣҲŷʱһӰͬȳ㣬˳ǧ׵֮С


ھŰʮ ׵Ȩ
ৣ
ֶȳǳ׵еһɲǣܹظоһɼΪϵζӭָоصǧ֮ǰ
׵ӳģһݺύӵԹľͨЩͨ࣬Ųٽյʯң˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ֶɨɨЩӵͨܿģеһ֪׵ĵطŲٵıʱȴû˼ȥЩֻ뾡ĵõ
˵׽֮У׽ڱ׵׽ļʣӦñˡ
ֶҪȥĵط
ɺҡ
⣬ֶҲûκεĥ䣬ѸٸĽɺһͺȣȻαǻΪһ磬ض׵Ӷȥ
˳󣬺ҲŴƷһӰͬȳس׵ǧơ
ǿӿ׵˵ҲǶȻЩǿ̰׵ЩͨͨȻӰӳʼɨЩʯ
ȥ
ɫЩ԰׵ҲǴžǿ߳ʱֱ۵Ѫֹס־ʹЩŤԹĿ⣬ֶʧĵطеԹŨ
ϣ׵֮нҪֶʬΣ껿ǻҷߣͺ
ģܲˣҷɫصͷֶһֱֻۣ˵ֻҪ̤Ƕ֫Ҳܹ޸ȴõûҷ⡣
ߣ
ĿӳͬûȥĵطѰֱӸķ
֮Ҳǽ棬Ҳ½½һЩʵǿǿ߸ϣȻЩˣףıӦû֮С

Ӱһ־˵ٶתͨ;ֶ˽Ų˿δͣһЩʯһЩزȴȻδõֶͣ
ΨһĿ꣬
ⷬ˿ͣнԼʮӺӳӰȻȻȵǰ
ǰһʯݣʯݵľͷһɫȻ
׵֮УΪֺһ
ȻֶǴеĿ꣬׵
ݣ
ֶȣȴ˿ͣżʯݣͬԾ𣬼䣬ǳʯݣɫ֮С
ȥԼɣУͬϰСֺֻ̲סЩη
֮Уһ޴ʯʯĶˣһЩ˸׹ĹţУԼɼһЩᣬȵȣЩ൱Ĳ
ЩΪǿ鱦ѧһЩ鱦ĵȼ˿һЩµȴԪ֮
ڣľڡ
ö౦Ľɺ۾Щ޴ʯ֮ϵĹţ
ֶͷ˵һȻú󷽴ƷһӰҲӶ䵽˴С
ֶƫͷƳһֻۣþţԼһЩǿǸ˹
ЩǿڵִʱȻҲǷ˴еЩţֱӸȻû
ֶ磬㿴
ֶעЩϵǿʱĽɺͻȻһЩȵ
ֶתͷ˳ĽɺָȥֻǴһԼҵʯ
ʯսۣĿϣ䣬һɼΪ˵ϢʯɢϢʵڣʯЯ
ңʯһ˫Ŀз·磬Լ䣬
ʯЯϢ£ֶҲ΢΢һͣأһʯǾ߱ƣ治֪䱾ָһֺεȵء
Ȼⶴ֮Уܹӵ֮ˣλ׵۴֮⣬кˣ
ֶĿǾ޴ʯ֮ɨɨĿⶸȻתʯִʱּ䣬ֳһɫȨȣȨ֮ϣϵ׹£ΪѤȻɫȨϣֶȴǲһǿЩݵĲ
ȨȣȻǰ裬һǿĴԪ֮
ֶעɫȨȣ඼̲סܹоɫȨȣƺһ˿з춦ǿ鱦
ڣЩڹеıԶԶȲʯյɫȨȣ
ֶĽɺһ£ǴӶԷвһĨϲɫⶫĲ֮
׵Ȩȣ
ȻֶĽɺʯеȨȲһ֮ʱͻȻŨŨϲĺǺ
׵Ȩȣ
ֶ֣۹Ҳһǳ֮ˣ棬ǶɫȨȵЩ˽⡭
ֺľϲУֶҲǰɫȨȵĺ
֣
һͺȣȻֶд˼ͬʱӶȻֱʯеɫȨȶȥ
סһҪ׵Ȩȶᵽ֣껼״ɫʱһ䣬
֣Ҳǵϵ
ৣ
ǿߣڴʱȻʯеɫȨȥ
ݣ
ⷬٶȻҲǿߵ⣬˶׹ʯеɫȨȲǴ󱦱ζȻӳ
ڴ˿ͻȻ䳹׻ҡ


ھŰʮ 
ৣ
һӰӹۻԪϯǵĿ⣬ʯеɫȨȣȻǶõ
ֶҲ⣡
ܹоǱν׵Ȩȣһһз춦ı
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ھŰʮ 
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Ħ޵ʵת־ʵħЩƽ죬Ҳž߱ħȴκһת־ǿ߸Ħǰſ裬ΪĦ޵Уƿؼ˴֮һġ

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һ㣬Ǵλ׵۴˱ǿԿͬת־ʵЩħҪԸȴǳһħԼħ
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˼ӵӵеԶԶȵġ뵽˴ֶɵÿЦһ£ȴһĨ͸֣ʼյţһ죬ҲܹﵽֵزֻǣҪʱ䣡
Ħ޴ˡ
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Ħ˫ָ󣬳˫ͫҲĪ⻪˸ͬģҲһЩ롣
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׵ˣȴһЦСһӵȷܹɶö쳣Ե֮ԣһޣǿĻ¾ʵ޷ܡ
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Ħ޶ԴҲϣصҪãҡҼ㲻ҲΪһʵˡ
ĦǰΪʣֶüͷ壬
ӵǰ;Ȼ˵֮ԣܹбضżΣԣ˭Ҳܱ֤һɹĦ޳
ߡʵ̫൱Σգٵõһħ֪ض׷ɱ
ϣõģһλѾɳĶǿߣһڳɳеģΪ֮У̫ķա
˭Ҳܱ֤ڳɳĹУǷᱻħϣƬλػԺشսƿߣǶԿǵмǣʧ𡣡
ֶĬ˵ףĦ޲ܹƿضöҽǱá
ĦǰĻɣ˵ʲô¶ãҵʵʱȷĦǰҳʱֻʵû̫ǿıܹߵ죬ҵĽĦǰĵλ޷˽⡣
ֶһͳصԣ಻ţҶõҽ
ҶԼģԺҵãᳬĦǰ󡣡
ֶĿֱĦޣ֮ûΪǿʵ˿ܣǹԣһЩ硣
ǺǡǸСһ׵ЦУβס͡
Ħ޿׵һۣصİԵ̶ȣΪΪмֻ
׵΢ȻǳɹҲᳬĳɣϾ̫ǿ󣬺ͬʱһ塣
ԣʧܡ㲻òԼΪ޷ֿķɶ塣Ħתֶ
Сһ¶иȣܻĻԵǿ󣬿µòʧ
ֶ߽ضĦޣƬ̺ᶨҡͷ
˫ǿӲ˿˱ܡ
һͷ۵ִ
˫ִ䣬һ֮ͻأĴȻ׹ֶɢһӰĦޣ׵ȻĿи˳
ҡֶĹӰҲһ
˭ĦĿضңӺߵϣһ൱ϵĲֹϳ̶ȣǿ
ǿԽҡȻҲԳΪʯ֮顣ЦЦ
ʯ
׵ͻȻһĿ¶𶯵ңԶλ˾ƶԶڶʯ
ȷҵĵһˡͷ
һΣһԵĦжӿ֮ɫֻеΣܹλ˵ǿ֮ƬλʷΪǿΰˣѾѪƳȻ
ȻڵˣСһֶָָЦ
û뵽Զڶ㡭ȻѡôһСһ׵̲סص
ǺǣΪԺܹﵽһĵزҵ
϶᲻̫ˣĦüңûʲôƣΪڼʶУת־ʵʲô壬ң˼ҿǸλ˵ģԶشսʱǿħǱĨɱ
Сһȷܲѵܴﵽһô׵Цһֱֶͦȴδֶܹﵽ־˳̶ȣϾؼﵽһģûС
ҵڣŷ˲ԡ˵ܹﵽһ˵ǷţԡҲŻѡ
˵ѡ񣿡׵Ħ޵ɫ˲仯ٶȿֶʱĿЩ죬ܹλУؼ䣬¾ͽһ˰ɣ
ֶҲȻؿңͬǵһ˵ۣвɵֹĪҺİɣһﻹȻǰƿ߻һһ㶵ġ
Ƿڤڤ֮ѡȷЩͬɡ׵ĿؿֶЦû뵽ҳ֮ǰȻܿһеСһ
ֶΣ֪˵ʲôá
ԣϣֶܹ룬ΪʵˡҿĦޣ
Ħ޽üͷû뵽ִȻλԶŵķ˶ǸǣҲǱԼʶȻԶԶĳ
׵۽ųĬеĦޣǶ˵ǱֱȺ߸ǿǿˣĦޣǣһδ޸֮飬һǼߣҪԵĻȻĦ޵Ķ֡
ȻǶܹʤΡ
ǵע£ĦһҲǱõͳࣺ˵ѡ޷ԣȻұһᡣ
˴Ħ޳Ŀ⣬Ͷֶϡ
ڱ߹У㣬ɸң
ֶ˫Ŀ˲ӿԥͷ֮Уżᶨ벻塣
ң


ھŰʮ 㾡ֶ
ֶףҪһת־ĳǿߣͬʱһλƿߵмУڵԾ߱źֵѶȡ
Ψһ֪ģܷµ
ҪĦмнãϣȻ
׵ȵĦѹûоɫֶ΢΢ͷߵԣʹΪ͡
Ħ޼ֶͷҲͲٶ˵ʲôصʱ״̬
ֶԣͬ˵ϻ֮ת֮壬ΪԪӿ֫ٺ
֪ⳡ֣ʷΪһĦ޵ʵ±Ԫƽ̶ҪǿһңΪӦҲڵ֡
ĽɺһԼֶƵҪĦ޽֣ЩĹĵضĦޣص۸ˣҪ
ĦƲƲ죬ݣȻĽɺˮֻ̣תͷȨСŮĿ顣
аɲýӰ׵һЦŵĦǻʵת־ƿߣʵѰת־ǿӦǼΪĳ˵񻹽ֻǴɵֶ֮Ĳ࣬޷
չûоԵĹƽĦ޵ҸᣬãܷסͿı°ɣȻǷѡУ룬Ӧ漣
ϣˡǹ˵㡭Щ۸С׵۵ͷ
Ħεؿ׵һۣһʲôʱɢ
˰ɣô˵ġ׵ЦЦһԼ壬̾һЩħ
һλеħĨġĦ޵ص֮У̺һ˿Ũƫִ
ǳͦģ׵۲ؿĦһۣ
ڵõʱҲһɡĦĿ⿴˵״̬еֶ˫ȴǻա
û͵ı¶սħ壬ױѪϴҵĸףƴߡ
֮ҷỴֱ̤̂ת־Ҵ󣬷ű¶Ĵڣܹ綮Ҳд档
׵΢΢ͷû뵽ĦޣҲһ£ⶫ˵ͬҲ˼Σա
׵۲û˵ĦҲ׷֮УɫãŲСĲ
žУʱתۼֶ˫ĿҲʱִһ̣Ȼ˫Ŀ֮УâӿԪͬˮ侭֮кХӿӯÿһ䡣
ֶ̧ͷȻԪĵĿֱָĦޣȭĦǰͽ̣
Ħȵֶ΢չ黹ĮȻصͷҲֵġ
һ߾ȫ
ֶһЦƮȻˣԪȻϢҲڴ˿͵ޡ
ĦɫȻֶҲκεĶɷΧ֮ڣȴ𽥵ر
Ĺ㣬һ־˵ٶĦ̶ۣϢʱ䣬ǻΪһǧӴĳ磬ǳ֮Уһ˿־Ĳ
ֶĦ۳ǧɳ磬ȴż֮ɫӿת־ǿߵʵôͶ䣬ɴ߶㾪춯صĹơ
Ǭ󣡡
ֶһȻһ貹⻪籡ȻǰգΪһӴĹ
Ϊ£ת䣬һɹصӳÿռ䶼ЩŤ
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׵ĿԾȵֶٻ󷨣Ȼܹ󷨵Ȼⶫ򵥡
ǸȤСһȻô
׵૵кǺ뿴ֶҪʲô취ֵĦ޵ι
ʯ
ֶٶȵͺȣһºͰ׹Хǹ󷽣γһƬĻĻ룬һöϵķʯڷʯ֮ϣҰȻ

ֶ˫ĿУźӿʱǰĽֽôΪѵһˣκεĵƣ޷ء
ĺڹ⣬ٶֶǺХȻƬĻ֮󣬻ΪһӴĺڶС
лתţ֮ɢϵܵ׳
»ǲ˵㡭׵ֶ̣΢΢ͷ૵һת־ǿ߶½ĦޣόͷöϧģڵֶɣĦ֮䣬̫̫󡭡
ֶٻ˼кһӣʮ֮ĺХȻֱӱͶ֮ڡ
䣡
񱩵֮ը֮תţͬЩ񱩵֮ڵҪЩǿȻĻ޷Ħ޵Ĺơ
ˣ
Ŷʮ֮ıѸٵɣǺڶҲǶȻͣͬʱŰȥֱǳǰĹĻԼ֮С
֮Щ֮ĵԼӹôǺ뷨׵۰ޣȻһ۱ǿֶĴ㣬ҲòϣڵֶԵĦ޵Ψһ취

ʮ֮ĿХط֮Уֶȴһͺһҧһž޴֮ٶֳǿ֮ġ
֮ġô
׵ǿ˶֮ģȴһĿ⸴ӣµĲȻϤġ
ĦޣǰСһƵͦݵİ
˶֮һֱ֣ӱֶͶ֮ڣڶҵزţһɹɿµȻעǰķ
ֶ㷢ݣֻǺڶĻطŵǧɷΧԶԶȥ׳ΰ
ֶ˫۷죬ⱻ㾡ֶθ̣ǵЦݣһ˿ζ͵̧ͷֱָԶɫĮĦޡ
Ħǰְɣ
ֶĺһ˿˶ݵķ񣬵ͳ׽֮УȻص


ھŰʮѪƴ
Ӵգ˵ϵɢƬռ䶼ЩŤļ
ƾɵʵ㾹ܹڳ̶ֳȵķò˵ͦ˲ġ
Ħ޽̤գǧɳһֶ㾡ֶβóķҲ΢΢ͷص
ȴǲòźظ㣬ⷬڱá
ɲǣĦȻؼ¶ȣڴʱóһ̣Ħָһ㡣
䣡
Ħָ£Ƭأ·ڴ˿̱ըĦ֮ڣԭ֮Ȼڴ˿̱ĳɢȥȡ֮ģһ쳣񱩵Ԫ
Ħǧɳ磬ڴʱһͷѵĳĹҡ
ơ
Ħ޵ǧɳ磬ȻӶӳɲǣƬռ䣬ı鿪
ˣ
ֶͫ׷ų磬ϵЦݣҲķ
ٶȿ޷ݣֶֻܼһ⻪ӹٶȼǧɳʱǳǬ֮⣬Ȼͬʯݺײϣ
ˣ
޷ݵľ׽֮кȻ쳹ĳâͬҽϯʡ
ˣ
Ǭزţһɹɷֽ֮ǵصͼֽ³硣
ķֽ֮˴ȴ˼ΪֵĶ֣ǳ֮ʵһ൱ֲĵزԷֽ֮죬ʱ޲ߡ
꣡
ǬķֻʮϢʱ䣬ֶͫļһƣѸٵӿ
أ
ӵٶȼ죬ٽţ˸һ쳹Ǭѣ
ǬԴֶ֮󣬵һαƣ
ת־ǿߣ˹ֲ
ʱֶȴû˼ΪЩȻΪڽǬ֮ǵͬĳ磬ٶȳƲݺݵس˵ڶʯ֮ϡ
ʯ֮ϣɫأºͰ׹ǲĻʵͬǧͭǽʯϾδܳ״شлָټϴ߶ֶʵҲֻȻĻʯǰħʵ潻棬Ħ޶Ķ֡
䣡
Х˹Ļ֮ϣһ𣬶Ļһ־˵ٶȱõ

ĹĻУһε̾ϢһĻȻѣʯ⻪ֱͶֶڡ
ڶʯٶ
ֶ񷺺죬㾡ȫóǿû뵽Ħ޵Уȴ˵Ĳ
ҪƴǱƴף
ʱֶһ㾡мҵ׵Ķͽɺ죬һͺһĺڶҲȻӿתٶȡ
ݣ
ļڶȻݺݵغֶõһ֮ϡ
ˣ
޴ĺڶתţ֮Ҳȫϵǳ֮Ŀ
һγһֽ֡
ֶͫضǷתĺڶ˵ڳģȴȻ³Ϊо֮ЧѸٵؼ
ǳ̫֮嫣߶֮޷ɣ
ͣ
һ˿˿ĳâͻȻԺڶ֮Ǻڶеתٶȣȴ轵ɳ̶ȣѾִＫޡ
ǳҲǴǧɷΧС˰ɣȻ֮УҲ˼ΪӴ
飡
ڶ֮͸ĺԽԽŨʮϢ󣬿񱩵ĳȻϯڶУҲڴʱӲĳűȥ
ǿڴʱƣ
ֶı壬Ҳǳ׵׵ر¶ǳĻ֮¡
ˡĦĮȻص
û˷һ壡
ֶк˸ڱʮƣڶ𣬲
ৣ
ʮƲֶ侹ӳȻĽɺĿУֱӲСɵĳݺײһ
أ
񱩵ϯǵ⣬ֱǱɣ;Ѫ磬ʮƣǱը
úݵСһ׵ѪɵӰٿСֱĳ磬̲סظһĨ֮ɫ
Ħ޵һȻǱֶˡ
ȡȡ
ԶգֶѪܹоڴľʹȴԵøĿܣĨȥϵѪ֪Ħ޵ĵһУˡ
ϣ˶ݵļžĦʧһĻ𽥻񣬵صһУеֶΣڵ״̬мȥıҪô
Ħǰʱ򣬾ͲҪ˵ϻˡ
ֶ̧ͷĿضĦޣЦ˵ʱѪ̲ס
ĦĮȻͷһһ縡֣γĹģ֮ǰΪǿᣬ棬ŻĲơ
̫˵ɣ׵ۼ״̲סص
Ħ޲ƻӳǧӴĳ磬ٶȱռ䣬ضֶȥ
ҪʧȥǰֶεĹ
ֶ³һѪĭһ־ٶĿ񱩳磬ȴһЦһգȻһɫıǳС
Ҫֶ䣬ĦޣҲУ


ھŰʮ Ӯ
䣡
Ӵĳ磬ХһɲǣֱӳֶǰĳֶƤ˿ù
ֶ۾ǳǰĳ磬еɫģҲǶȻ˦
ˣ
ɫĸո˦Ǳ⣬׽綼ǺХ׽еڴ˿̶գسֶǰ

̾ᣬһͷͷΪǿķ
׹۶ɵɲǣӴ磬ҲǺȻ
飡
âݺݵײһ𣬾׾쳹һγɵĳϯɨ֮ڡ
ԭԿǱСһõ˰
׵е㵵Դͷȴ΢ЩŹ֣׽죬ǰֶڶ׽ȻĲ
ĦĿƬüͷҲ΢΢ȻͬоǰֶõӴǹԶܹ߶ļޡ
׹潻֯κ𽥵ɢȥֶӰٶȳĽɺ˵ע֮¡
ʱֶ˵ѪȥΪǱƺǰĦǸΪǿһȴûж̫˺
ֶǰգɫĻ˸ţһɹصĲϵɢͬʱϵ׽繲š
ԭ׽ĦɫģǰǹԴüͷһ壬׵ۡ
ɲҵ£˭Сһõõ׽Կס׵ЦֻЦݶٵЩֻ
ԶֶҲǸмؿ׵һۣǰƾɫĵ׽ҲӲĦ޵ĵڶֹơ
ꡣ
ɫ׹˸ͻȻϸֳһƾյı鿪
ֶɫģɫʱһ䡣
Сһ׽ҲûôֲĦ޿ҵͬȼܹƾһѾǼˡ׵ۼ״ȴǲ⣬Ц
ֶԣȴһЦҪʹ׽Ħ޵ȷǼѰת־ƿߣǿֵزô
У㻹ҪôĦ޶ֶ֪ΪΣȴǷŻ˲٣ιʧõ𶯡
̶ˣܷܲɡֶѪ¶һĨƫִЦݣ
ﾡʧЧ׽ԿҲǱ飬УûǸҪˡĦͳص
Ħǰֶ֡ĿضĦޣͬͳû˿֮⡣
ĦǿӲˣƬ̺ϵĻٶȻΪĮȻͷǾ仰Ҳ֡
Ħ£ͻȻųĻ棬Ѹٵڱӿָ£ÿռ䶼ǳŤ֮С
֮˰ɣСһʵôֹܳܵ׵ۼ״üͷ
һỤסԪ񡣡
Ħ޵صգ棬ȽȽ䣬ͷϷΪһȼյա
ֶںڣüĦ˫ָĿ⵭ĮضԶֶ
ֶһЦᶨҡͷ
Ħ޼״̾һȻǧգ˲Х
飡
չ׽֮֮ڶʱɢǰԵĻֱ֮ǽЩ֮Ƶýڽڰˡ
ֶ̧ͷ̺ſֲڶգڵԪ·һȼ
˲ƽȻҲֶʲô汬ǽɶ
䣡
ӴĻţֿƬռ䣬·ǱһŻ𺣣ռֻ˿£ǳһŤ֮С
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쵰
ԶĽɺһĻ۾̺ˣȻֱӱ׸ǣݺݵضĦŭĶȥ
ĦһӣһȦǽĽɺסλӻ޷ơ
ӦҲˣҽԪҳ壬ȥ׳ɡĦ޵صĿ⿴𺣣ֶֽԪ
ף
ȻҪʱ׵ͻȻ׳ĿȻת˻𺣵룬ͬʱ䣬ĦҲӦ˫Ŀ֮УһĨӿ
ôܡ
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ڵĽɺʱҲͣеĶ۾㵵ǵеӰ
ɳɳ
׽磬ڴʱðΨǵӰ̤Ż߳ϸ΢Ųش
Ӱ𽥵߳ҲԽԽҲǳ׵س˵Ұ֮УʱǷŷ֣ǵӰ֮⣬Ȼһֵ֣λãһƴСĳĹƣһֲɢֲȻһޣ
ǹơȻܹĹ׵һĻʱȳ
ĦɫѿߣǰƴСĳϣܹڵĻǹƳʱǷص֮
ֶ߳˻𺣣ɢƣǳƱУ̧ͷɫЩӲĦ΢΢һЦ
ĦǰӮˡ


ھŰʮ ն
Ļ棬ڿռ֮ȼţҫֶӣŹ⻡ǴлȾѪӣڴʱȴһ˸еݵ
ʲôĦ޵۾ضֶеĳƣð֮󣬷ЩɳƵص
ȻڵЩ޷ӻֶЧʵлع
һԵ׵ۣҲЩȻҲû뵽ĦǿȻֶʧЧҲ첻
ֶеĳƣⶫȻǵ˯ĿռõġơΪĵһˣеġơȻҲӵͬҲΪǰܹĦǿ°ȻҪԭ
һ֮ơֶ
ơԭĶĦ޽üͷŻչεҡҡͷ˵ڻƿأڵҲ¯࣬ȻԶ֮ж۷ڵҪһЩ
ƽֻԻĹߣĦǰǰֻʹñת־ʵĻУǽӲֶЦ
˻û˵٣ڵþеĵֶΣΨһܹõģƣҲĦ޴߶пЧ
˵ҲһĲ˵ǣֶӮˡ
óĦޣջǶǿȴδϵνǿȴպǶֶЧ
øСһĦޡȻˡ׵۲ס̾ţֽ֣˸еޣ˭뵽һת־ƿߣȻһСɵСС
˵ֻ֮ԼǴȥֶħ
ĦʧƬ̣̾һҡҡͷȷӮˡ
ֶԣжʱſϲӿɢʹڴ˿̱֪࣬Ħ޵ԣȻǲ֮¡
˵ĦӮĹȨ
ĦżֶҲ̲סؿЦһ֣Լû뵽

Ħ̧ͷյǧգ˫Ŀ΢΢һУĬΣԹ㣬ҪȡһԴ
ȡһԴֶһ㶡
㾿ʲôȡһԴ޷ǳ׵ԲһԵ׵üͷ𣬳
ҵļƻƻ֮УûҲҪһԴ֮Ħ޵
Ϊʲôֶʵ
ΪҪնĦ޵ص
նֶһ
ؼ䣬ħǼǶǵ鱨ȴǼ٣˴ΣұǴΪһЩħճȻ֮ֻ˶ΣȡһԴαװĦ޵
ֶɫ΢䣬Ȼû뵽Ħ޾ȻħѵͲҲص׸ô
飬Ȼеġ
飬Ҳ롣Ħ޿ֶ
ǰֶһ㶡
ǵЩȻħ׵ɫҲ൱أĦ޵Ĵ󵨶Ծ
ЩħмԽԽ죬ҸеһЩ˷ұǴһһЩħնܹлһЩ鱨Ħ޵
ԣòұֻ˶Ρ
ֶĬƬ̺ƻʲôʱʼ
֮󡣡
֮ҲȥһǵԴܼƻɹʧܣһջֶ
˵ȡһԴ˼չõòԲֶȻҲܻͬȱݡ
Ħԥ˵ͷ
ǱĦǰȡһԴɡֶһ
лˡĦ޻صҲͲٷϻһǳǧ֮ǰ˫ץǻΪ޴Ļ֮ƣȻһ֮̽С
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貵׹з˸ţκǻ֮ƷŻ̽ļ䣬ʱȴǶһ貵׹⣬׹ⲻϵŤԼ䣬ƺǱóһϵķģһصĲɢ
ıԴֻܽ״̬ʱܹʹ˵ȱһ̫ȱݡ׵һ˵
ֶ΢΢ͷһõٶġ
ϣڽһԴаĦһӣǽպãһٶȳֶǰ
ĿѴﵽ㲻ڴ˴ͣϣܹɹºǲǱ˵ʧܣ´һ˴ȡߡĦ޿ֶ
ֶͷգʧܵĻḶĴۡ
׵ۣˡĦתͷ׵һȭ
ϣܳɹǺǣЩƿ߲սЩź׵ۺЦ
һնһħĦƽȴ޷ɵļᶨǷõһԵֶ΢΢ݡ
ǡ
ĦٶȱȭؿֶһۣһתǻΪһ⣬ԶӶȥ˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ֶĦʧӰȴǻգܹо֮ħ»д鷢ˡ
СһսƷɣȻܹɹĻ
׵΢ЦĿ廳Ǿ޴գ૵ˣҲͦġ
ֶҲ̧ͷգ𽥵ؼᶨô꣬ҵڶö
ĹŶôļѣȴ
뵽˴ֶһ̤գһǧգӰĽɺŵĿУ𽥵ʧ֮ڡ
ʽʼ


ھŰʮ ΡȻ
һƬ磬أ·Ǵһֺ֮С
ֶ壬Ư֮УĿãȻĴգǡ֮ڰɣ
ԭɣֶ𽥵侲ľ飬ףҪǱȡϿɡ
ڣӦñеĲ֮һɡ
뵱ֶΪ˻Ͽɣֹ¼ŵĺڰ֮У˰꣬շѰó·һϿɡ
ֱֶĿⰲȻעƬܱ䡣
ڣ֮УƺͻȻź嫵ʼۣٽţžĻУͻȻһΪͻأĵͳ
ǵʼ·ǳӤϸ΢Уһ˿ĺ档
䣡
ʱƣԽԽ죬úǻصƬУԴͷֶ֮Уһ⿪ʼ븡֣һֹ϶ǿĲȻص
ĵôֶڻеâ˼
䣡
ֶͷʱ綸Ȼ仯磬ΪһƬ磬Ӵͬһ㣬ϵشд֮
ֶͷƤ궼Щ磬׽С׼׵ĸоˡ
ңⶫҪôֶ̲סѯʵ
ҪϿɣƺЩʹࡣе𣬲УֶȴһЩֻ
ʹֶࣿСٶʵ

ȻֶҪʵøʱ֮УһǧӴȻ˺ʣգݺݵضֶ˹ȥ
ֶȻ̧ͷͫУµٶ£޷ܣֻؿǵصغ֮ϡ
أ
ͳֶ֮ʱشֱӵɳǧɣѪ磬â˸ϣȻضȥ

޷ݵľʹֶĹ·ڴ˿̱ǵ飬亹壬־ʹֶ̲ͣסҽС
԰ԵǰĪ⣬ҪϿɣӣʮβɡ赭дص
ʮΣأ
ֶɫ䣬Ҳ̲סƿڴǰǵһǰУʮʣ
Ѿ˶ܣԣŬɡҵֱֶɫҰ
ܸİ࣬ʮ˵㣬ǿ߶ɻҽʱ˵ǱǿӲĶ
ɽΡȻǧܳҵԽԽ΢Сֱĳɢȥ
ңң
ֶæд󺰣ȴûӦЩ̣һƨɲô
䣡
ֶ䣬ֻңң֮ϣһǧȻХ£һͷݺݵر
ģ
ֶɫ̣ŭȻ䣬ǧ֮ϣ쳹Ѫɣֶʱ壬ǱըƤҡ
ȥү
ֶըûڣͷһҧ̧ͷ죬
䣡
һ䣬һ£ֱӰֶըǧɡ
ү
ڴķʹҲ𽥵õֶ۾ɺǹƫִӿ˳ĵվŭ
䣡
ЩȻûֶһԽԽӴֲϵؽݺݵֶ֮ϡ
ү
䣡
󡭡
䣡
Ҵ
䣡
ȫң
䣡

УХ಻ϵغһСӰ¡¡ľص֮С
ը֪˶ʱ䣬ʼʱֶȥ˶ٴΣúԽԽأҲǿʼģĿҲǱΨһܸܵģӵÿһľʹԼǻ
Щĺը£ڵĹ·ǳ׵ػΪ顭
ǿʼģֶȴδ£ƫִǿõͬʯһ㣬Լըг׵ʧʧܡ
ʯɽ
૰ֶвϻصΪ֮УΨһ̵ܹĶ
壬֮²һȴǲ

ϣϵؽ䡭
֪Ӻʱֶ壬ʼգ壬ѱý𻵣֮ӿԪɢ
ڵͬڴʱ䵽޷ֶκεİ
ʧȥκηֶ׵ر¶֮Уõ˸еǣ˵壬ǽﵽٵĵزȴʼδܻΪҽɢ
һ˿ִôʱֶ·Ϊһʯɷ紵״ȴȻ顣
䣡
Ȼڷؽš
һǧǧһ
˭Ҳ֪˶ٵֻԭӦûΪҽֶȴͬ캧֮еһҶۣҡҡ׹ȴʼδ㸲
ʱ仺ƣУ꾲ɿݵ壬ȴǿʼ𽥵ŵâɢ˫ֽӡׯϣԼ䣬һ֮ǰ׵۰ϣȻ


ھŰٰʮ ʮ
䣡
׹УһԼӴ˺ʣȻһֽذƣݺݵس£ײӰ֮ϡ
ǵص׹⣬绡߰кžͣ
ȻֲĺǵӰ˿ͬʯǴռ䣬κ޷˿
ֶ壬ΪĸɿݣƤǳһ⣬ȥЩ׸֮еЩʬҵǣϣϸ΢š
͡
׻ֶԾţϵë֮ԭǺɫͷҲ׹Ⱦ£ɫ
ֶһʶ״̬ܹظоǽƾйصִȴؽάֱļ֮ϡ
ļά£һЩ൱صı仯·ҲȻš
ʱֶܹ֮ڵĻǻ֣ᷢڣǲɫߣЩߣÿһ뼡⣬ȥͬһŽֶܵ壬һ𣬶ÿֶʱЩǻһЩ
˵ڵֶƺĺ£𽥵سһЩ졭
ңֱ죬ʱƣƺȻؼӾš

ʶУʱĸüΪģֶ֪״̬г˶ã㱼䣬һֻ꣬ʮꡭ
ʶƮţȴִΪֶ֪ţǵִǱĥȥʱǻٲ
кܶҪȥ
Ҫǿػض
ҪǸŮһǿĵز
ҪǸ羫ŮػǴǵЦݡ
ҪǸһŬŮļΪһС
ԣ
·ǲʵŭ𣬶Ȼֶ쳹ǻججʶҲһһⲦ˲ƣҫǵʶ֮ϡ
ৣ
ֶõ˫Ŀڴ˿̶Ȼ貵׹б֮Ȼ쳹
ǧŰپŵ
ʶع飬ֶȻ̧ͷ׹ͫܲʣһɣ
¡¡
·ǻӦֶ֮ңң֮ϣǻ䶯һӴʼ۳Ρ

֮ͻȻֻӴǻΪһͷӴ
Ӵ̾գǶԾ޴Ŀ˸·ֶǷƣԽ˺㺮
ȻֶȴȻ壬ӣƬ̺󣬴ȴһĨЦţչ˫֣·ӭһ֮ŭ
䣡
оֶⷬƣӴ֮ϣţȻХ¡
飡
Х£Ƭ·ǰĴܳƣء
ֶչǵЦ⣬
ӴЯž޴ӰһöʯݺݵײֶǺ޷֮ϡ
ˣ
ͳؼ쳹ײɲǣֶ壬˲飬Ѫĭʬ޴档
ХڽӴʱ쳹Уɢȥعأ󷽣ֻһѪƮ
ѪƮϣ״̬˲֪೤ʱ䣬ѪУͻȻ׹֣һ߸ֳȻٵӶͬʱѪʼγɵ֮С
Ѫۣ˸䣬һ߽壬Ǿֱ˸е
òֶһģһֻһԵ֮УȴȻɢָоһ㡣
ֶͷʮ壬һ˿ãȻ˫ƻ£
䡣
ȭͷ£һɿµʱͬްֶ֫ٺ֮кХΪ׺Ե
ָоûмһ㡣
ֶ̧ͷЩХؼʱЩ̺ſû˿ļɵ෴зһ˿ص׽֮С
ֶ׹˸ƣץһǰµ
͡
Ӵֶƣ˴ξûжκε˺ԭѱֶȴ˳زϡ
ֶǰƵҲһĨЦɢա
ˣ
Ϊһ޴Уģһâ£âģһϵķģ֮䣬ճֶǰ
ֶǰĹ׷еļϲβסһ泩µĴЦ֮лص
Ϊ֪ʱھʮ֮ǻϿɣ


ھŰٰʮһ 
ϵ׷˸âֶǰߵֶԣ嶼Ϊ̲סϸ΢š
˵ֶȴû֣Ϊ֪Ͽɣȴɹˡ
ΪڣǽҲ壬öȻһЩų⣬ųĺ¼ֶٶǿᣬǳܲˡ
ҡ
ֶ۰Ͱ͵ֿɵõȻкţҲöͬһΣԡ
Ͽ˰ļһεǴ˳ֶֻЩҧ
ôŪ
֮ͰԵǿ쳣˻һܹӵżΪǿҪӵеڶöȻǲܵ顣ҵ
Ȼܹﵽ˷ǰʵͬʱƿذ˴֮Ҳ¡
ֶԲɵÿЦһ£Զ񣬿ɾֹֻΪ棬ôܸȥȽϡ
ȵõ֮ڰ˴֮УΪǿ˵ҪŲСΣԣ˵ǣ㻹ӵʯ
ʯֶһصʯã
ҵĵƽ˴֮ҵУЩڵİ
˵ڵδָڣҲͽѣάƽ⣬Ӧòǲܵ¡
ֶԣжʱϲɫӿ
蹬ȻҲսȥǹ֣ͬά֮ƽ⡣
⣬ͣͲǰľҲٶȽ˾ˡ
ô˻ֶϲɫŨҵľҲǿˣ
ֶľΪĹ죬˵ľ츳С޲ڣԴһͻ֮ȴͬƿһ㣬ʼͻƣõֶԴ˲ЩΣϾɵʵɾȴͣʦĲΣֻ൱ʵ
ľ֮ͣͲǰֻΪѣⲢƽ׵ľֻһִ棬ʱﵽȫķ㣬ұȳģΪۻ롣
ˡ
ֶͷҲͲԥ˫ĿգһƬ⻪üɢǰҲǻΪһ׹⣬֮
蹬ʱֶҲϡ
蹬ڣһСأľУ蹬ʣһֺڶת֮䣬ϵľ
ݣ
׹ͻȻСڵƽһǣĴСأҲϻ¡
䣡
һС֮У֣׹ͼԵռһС
ԵȻǲᱻ̣ڶתǵصĺڹϯ
Ӵս֯ٽţ񱩵ɢСأĳ£Ƶ췭ظ
ֶԵһƬǽСأ֪ΪʲôĦ޷ӵ֮󣬻ˡ
ңְɡ
ֶεصٱһôȥ蹬ñ𱬶ȥˡ
š
ҵֶٽţС֮ڣͻȻº͵İ׹ϯȻʯǳ֮䡣
ƽ֮ӡ
ҵӰҲʯֳ֮˫ֽӡһͺȣ쳹
ৣ
ҵĺֻɫߣȻıӶһһߵм佻֮һΪɬĹӡ۳
ӡȥͬһƽ΢΢ҡţȴʼմһƽλãƽΣ·һ㡣
صĲŹߣע֮ڣϻʴȻڴʱؽڡ
ֶڲٶԿظһ˵ĹȻ٣ȷӵƽ֮֮ȻֶҲܹо֮УŲСĹģԣңѽöάһ΢ƽ֮ϡ
𽥵ƽֶͻȻǶȻתת䣬һɹɰ纣ľشӿ˳
䣡
ӴľӿС֮УСصʼͣǷ׵磬ʼ֮е
ֶһĻ쿪˫֣ܹоһ̣ľһ־˵ٶȱ
ɬڴ˿̵Ȼ޴棬һ谭Ҳǰ纣ľ֮£سƶȥ
¡¡
Сأڴʱӭһ־޴ı仯
ֶʼǵͬʱ֮ڣҲǿۻƥԪͬˮعԪ֮УһЩɫԪӿ䣬׻˸ţŰԵĹԡ

ԪХֶ壬Ҳͬһͷѵʨʼ˵Ĳ

֮УֶԪͬ籩ۣԪ֮⣬ۻľҲصתš
ֶǰȻ֮УϢͬڴ˿̣ڽ


ھŰٰʮ ʵ
˸УֶǴɢϢȴһǿһգʵٶȣ̾Ϊֹ
Ϣʱ䣬ֶİԪԼ𽥵żļ
֮УһԪ뾫ֶʱǽյ˫ۣȻ˫Ŀ֮УâӹѸٵɢΡ
֨
ֶ˫ֳգվվڣž֮Щ֮ģһɼΪ׺ĲָоһͷԶޣǳ˯֮һ㡣

ֶȵ̲סһҲŻֳʵ֮УǰδС
㣬Ӧ̤Բľ磬Ҳһ֮ңֳֶ˵
Բôֶ˫ƽţһ൱֮ɫ˷ɹȻ൱ϲˡ
Ȼģľ
ֶ΢΢ͷҲκεĶͻȻľ˲蹬ϯԻΪһ籩籩֮ɢľ˲һԲǿߣ޷ƥС
ɷʦС˶塣
ֶһЦһξľɳϴΣΪֱӿʦֱ̤ɷʦС˶ĲΡ
ɷʦĲΣΪСˣȼȴһ˵ﵽɷʦС˶壬㿰Բǿߣ̤ˣǱܹǿƥС
ֶ鵺λɵɷʦʵҲֻǿɷʦżˡ
Ҳ˵ֶʵԪﵽԲĲΣҲ̤ɷʦС˶壬ǵִﵽһƽĵز
ƾĻϣֶţ֮ڣĶ֣Сɵǿߣܹ࿹
ң˷壬Ҳٶȱǿ˰
ֶȭͷգƤ֮£ܹԼؿһ̾ƣЩԿȥǲʮֶܹо⻹ļޣǵӴ
ڵֶ͸оԼͬޣֱը·ܹǰһһȭ򱬡
ڳʮֶ֮õǿ˵ֶʵڽ˴֮ǰȣȻһ̥ǰı仯
ȻǺö
ֶһЦϾЩʵֻǻ
ڴ˴Ӧʱˣ˳ȥʱˡֶһõشһƬ磬һԵĿռǵ𲨶Σڲİ£ʧȥ

׽硣
ԭǧգʱɢ׽֮Уž֮׽еƺǱࡣ
ˡ
ռ䲨ţһӰֶ֣ĿɨȴǷ׽ǿһˣң׽ЩҵҲõüͷ΢塣
ݡ
ֶΪü䣬һͻȻӶΪһӰ׵ۡ
ֶ㿴ӰʱӦǳɹƿϲ㣬ǺǣҵǺӵδôϧûǸʱ䡣
ڵңѾǳ׵ɢ䣬׽еҲˣӶòȶҽСŮ˳ȥԪۣȥԴѰ
׵һ䣬һֶȻΪһöɫƬֶǰ
ϾʵмҪױ¶ضħѰ㣬ڵʵҪػѶȲС
Ǻǣԣֻϣպʱŷ˵ѡ񡭡
ټˡ
ǰӰ񣬻ػΪɢȥλؼԺյƿߣ㳹׵׵ɢ֮䡣
ֶɫӵЩƮɢĹ㣬ضһ֣ص֮
׵ǰһ·ߡ
Ƭֶ̧̺ͷ΢һ飬ٻͷһҵ׽磬һӣռŤΣҲѸٵɢȥ
ֶӰɢȥƬ׽ռ䣬Ҳٶȱҵȴսᡣ

׵
ֶٶȳʱǺ˼ȻУЩѰҲǾߡ
Ѱɺɡ
ֶ״һӳ׵Ȼոճ׵ʱͻȻƻ۶񱩵лصš
׽٣
ֶϤһĻʱһ㶣ʧЦ֮ǰǣŷ׽ٽ٣ΪЩռ䣬׽Ҳ޷٣һⶫ̱
Ƕط׽ٵӣ
ֶ¶Ź֣ӡʦֱӱĵɷʦС˶壬֮Ҫ׽ٵĻöأ
뵽˴ֶЦҡҡͷȴûط׽٣һǶ׸֮ȥ
䣡
ֶӳʱϣʱХ£׷ɱȥ

ֶһ٣͵תͷâ˸һȻд
֨
ֶѿڣһĻʱֻ֣ЩХڴ˿̣һ־˵ٶȵܶأǷģ·ǼʲôΪµĶһ㡣
ϣط׽һ䶯ɢȥ
ƿֶǰЩνȴͬһ㣬Ҷ˿
ֶЩɢȥƣ΢ƣַʽȹ׽ٵˣؼ䣬ҲΨһ˰ɣ
ݡ
뵽˴ֶҲһЦѸӳ֮󣬱ǳ׸׺֮С
ˣ
ֶոճ׸ʱͷͻȻһһգĽɺԪ۱ţǴһЩȵǴд
ֶ磬׺Χ׵ţԪһﶼ㣬Ҳסˣǻǿ֧Ԯ
ǴƬдֶϵЦݣҲǻɢȥȡ֮ģһƬɱ
һôҲãʡҵȥҡ
ֶȻɭһǻΪһ⣬գȻѸٵض׵ڵķӶȥ
ʱɱ⣬


ھŰٰʮ 
׵
˵׸Ѱ֮еĽ׵ȴֲٸǿ߻ʱ䣬δɢȥļ
ԭֻڵȴһռ׸󱦲ص˳֣ǸˣȻֶ
ȻսƬռģĦħԺһʱĳǿߣȻȥǰߵ鷳ԣҪ֪׽֮оʲôǵôֶ˳Ϣ
׵ǽ׺ıؾ֮;ڴ˴ֻҪֶһضӡ
ң׵ϣţǿ֧Ԯֶٳ֣ǱȻӱ֮֡
׵ϣʱİУһ޴󷨵룬γ˹Σ˿̣УһǱŮͯǺȻĽɺ
飡
ʱĽɺŭ׸ǺݺݵĴŹ󷨣ȴСɵǿֲãε޷ӳ
󷨵ĽǷλĵӰɫĮĽɺˣϤ֮ǰǾŵĻҷԼӣˣɫĮǰͼȻҲǾеǿߣʵҲǴﵽСɵĵز
ˡǸһﻹû¶棬ѵĦɱ˲ɣ󷨵·ɫ׺ԭϵֱۣڱԼһЩ鵤İ£ٶ
Ħ԰ԵҲ൱߰ӦòܻᶯɱһСһԣҡͷ
ôûֻ֣˵׽л˲СĻԵ
ô˻жʱŨŨļӿҧֶĦޣ׽еıԭǵĶ
ü΢֪ΪΣԼظоһЩڴ׸ԭҪȥκڷָһҪӻ׽֮оʲô鱨ȻܹĦ޶صĶԲʲôѰ֮
Ħ޵ͣħУȻûʲô˸ȥѯʣԣһֻܰԶӵֶȥˡ
Ȼڼʶֶ֮沢Ϊνӹ
ٵȰ°ɣʵڲУҲû취ˡȻ֪׵ϣҪֶǿƣǾǹСɵǿߣҡԪŵһҲǴΡ
ǿ൱Сɵǿ߰ݣֻҪֶҳ֣¾ǲӡ
ǲܼˣڻȥ֮򡣡껵ͷ
֮򡭡ٰν֮ɣ
šȣ̰ĵյĹھܹǴ˵еǿܹãԺضؼ䶥Ĵڡ
Ħܹ֮˰ԵΪƿŻô
ھ浭ƳһۣħУҶֻʮ⣬Ҫھûôס
ھǵǰʮЩʸᣬĻɽС󣬺ħڿ
Ǵ̴ðһһͷ쳹ħ֣껵ɫЩѿԼ㬣ϣǲȱٵģ˵ھһǶ⣬ħϣȴֻŵʮǰ˵ЩˣȴȫǰʮĴڡ
Щһİ껣òϣ֮䣬ȷŲСĲࡣ
ֶʵܹǰʮ֪Щ˱Ŷʤ㡣ͻȻ˵
ߣҲ̫߿ǸСӣǰʮɲôýģңǸͣȶɹؿ˵ɡص
ĬȻȷСɵǿߣǰʮЩˣֻ˱ᣬοֶ
ھǲԶһɽϣӰȻɫĮԼżΪǿԪɢǣǻԪˡ
ղŲãСѾͷЩɢȥЩƴšͻȻ䣬һͷ׵ص
ֶѾ׽гˡԪһЦԸֻҪСѾͷ׵ضġ
Ǵ˷ʧܣλ˵ĲѾɢǱĦĨɱˡԪĿⴹ£
Ǽһʵ̫ǿˡ׶ҡҡͷĦǰǸûз֮
ˣֶҲܹһЩȻҲȥ֮򡣡Ԫ
ŶôһǵʵҪھЩȰɣħǰʮЩһʡ͵ĵơ
ڴϢʦֻǰȥģھ֮λӦܲԪƽص
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ǴضֽһС𶯡


ھŰپʮ 
׵ϣڶӰʣΧһЩɽ֮ϣҲŲӰʱǵĿ⣬Ǿǰϣһ޴ĳ춦¯һɹɰȵϵɢ
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ôˡȻûֳʤüͷŷ춦
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ָоȷԴȴԼĸоŲСţΪˣŻĹͷֶֹĳ֡
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ھŰپʮһ 
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Ӵţǰֺ룬Ƽ䣬Ŵ磬ӰдӣƷ˷
Ԫŵһ޵֮УƯĽɫ㣬ЩԪһЩԪӡƾЩԪӡԪܹ֪Щӵ״
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飡
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ʮа˾Ǹһ찡һʱ䣬ôܻǻԪʦǵĶ֣֪Ԫʦǿ̤Ԫţʤγϵְˣ

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ԪӤϣҲ¶һĨº΢ЦֻЦݣȴ޾ĺ⡣
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˵ԪŸ߲ܿĳϢһްԵУȻŲɵߣˣϢҲǴһЩ𶯣һ־˵ٶȣеڶɢ

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Ӧ΢΢ͷ뵽ʲôɫ΢ԵӦЦЦѾͷڱչô
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Ӧ̾һЩذڰ֣ȥϢɡ
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ֻУȴһֵİԼ·ı䡣
ӦЦЦ̾չһЦֶϢˡ
仰˵ʱǼŮһûʲôıӣڴ˿̣Ȼҡ


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ԪӦһͬı֮ӿ
ģǼһڿɲ򵥣ǻԪ֣ȻҲУڵԪţΪϢȻ󲨡ӦЦЦŮⷬģæ
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һΣҪվԣĺ档
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Ӧ῿ӦЦЦǱɫգ߾۽·һϤӰ֣
Ϊ㵲ɱ꣬ȥұΪ¾Ԫţ̤Ѫ

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˴ξٰν֮ħüΪʢǰģ纣Ҿٰᣬ֪Ӵ˶ٸΣĺȻҲҿġ
Ȼ֮ȻҲٲȻ˶ȻὫؼ伫ΪóƷ൱ɻ󣬲ọ̃ΪжˮǱһ⡭

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壬ħٿɷʦˣǿ߽棬ƾ뻯ľΪȻ

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ÿִӳʱǻŲٺĸȥһĻǳ׳൱ȤһĻͬʱҲΪڵȴʱһЩʱ̸ʡ

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ǺǣǺĸ֪ܲǡһӰֶȥķЦ
ǸֶЩŹ֡ȫں֮еӰ˻Ƶص
ţܹĨɱԪˣûֶοǰ첻İ
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š
߰ɣ죬ϷͿ˰ڴǺǡ
Ц£ڣӰٶȹʧȥɽٶȱüž


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ŰճƺůȵĿƬĺʱ̾ӴУҲһɲǣ˾˵Ļȡ
ݣ
⣬ڴʱʣһǵص׳֮ƣӻ׳Լ丽ǧ֮ڿնȻХʣŻ׳ĵλû۶ȥ
գ˷ħʮ֮ΪƴһʢᣬǷģ룬Ѫڡ
ڿĵһ¥ϣֶĽɺ˽ǾһǵĿŲԶһΡĹȺܲУֶܹԼظоڶ޶ǿϢܹΪħһȻҲŲСʵϡ
ƬΧգǱ˺ռݣɢϵƲ㶼Ǳɢȥ
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ʢֶҲһ̾纣Լ׺ΣһĻȣʵЩС׼ס
ħ൱ǰĶټջǷȻ൱ĿֲһԵĹȻЦ
ֶЦŵͷͷһֻͷУͻȻӰХһƬ𺣰شϡ
һ֧ǧľӣ˶ֳ־ǹУǧۻϢһǹѹ֮õǿ߶Щɫ䣬һЩе޼ɵҲһЩ
Ļ˵Ϊǿս֮һ궼һǧÿ˽УǱضһ˱̭
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ֶֺҲܹظоƬУĿⶼǻϣУ޲ǳһ־ޡ
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硣ĽصһŮӣرһƯŮҪһɲһѡ
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ֶȺŮ˼ҵĴȤΣֻҡҡͷȻͶķڼ̻ȶͻȻһϯǺУһ磬ŭĸߴƾ֡
һ֣ؼ¶ȱǶȻĿռ䣬һشصĻӿֳʱ·ǻ֮
ؼҲ˿µѹȻؼѱǿߣǵ׳ӰʱжӹһĨη֮ɫ
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һħңԶĵ򣬶ӵͷĳǿߣƬħһηİ
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Ħۻ̺һϵϴ˶Ĥۡ
ݡ
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Գɿռ䣬ͬʱҲص㣬Уһɽǽս
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ĦһЦǵͳĺͬսİ㣬Ȼ쳹
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ţ
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ֶɲҪ̫Ŷҿɲӵġ
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ɺߣ
ĽɺЦصͷ˫һ˶ĺɫ׸ǱֳͬʱӳǵصӰУ⾵
ⳡʢᣬǿ


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һƬͷĲãɽɫŴأһߴľɽ˰㴣Ƭռ֮Уż䣬޺֮쳹Ȼ
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ĲãռУͻȻž쳹ֻշ·˺ѿһ޴ĿӣӰͬǵصӽããɽ֮УЩ֮ͣҲԭľڿռ䣬Ȼ
ৣ
ãһӰֶǷģֶĽɺ
һ֣ĿֹסһЩشܣֶУҲӹһĨɫЦû뵽ҲԳɿռĴԪ֮
νȻ춦ЩƣԳɿռ䣬ֻǰ֮Ȼ֮УȴǳأɳĮ
öءĽɺ̧ͷ۾绪̻ӰЩܵص
ǰ˿ɲءֶҲһЦ̧ƣһӡڽʱԶֵĶһ˵ΣգֻҪеĹӡǱԶرȻĻҲɥʧʸ
ֶغ󲻾ãΧԶҲϵŹӰ£ȻЩǿ߾䱸ؿֶһۣҲ˵ϻһǳ˲ãɽ֮С
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ֶһͺȣǻΪһӳһСӰҲѸٵظϣ˳ԭʼɭ֣ƬռشҲսɽɳ۶ȥ
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ƬռУЩ֮⣬ŲʵǿޣЩߣҪߣСЩǱããɽ֮е׺ޡ
ֶѸٵŲãϢɭ֮д;䣬ǵǼ˲°˽Ųǲδͣٶ£ҪʱиϵɽҶȡνķӡõɽʸ
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ݣ
ڹⲨϯͬһ֮УʮľǱӶȻߺȻײ񱩾ɢ϶ȥ
ৡ
ϣȰӰΧ֮ӳĿⲻƵؽֶ˸š
ֶҲһŴϣ˫Ŀ΢еǰˣͺأһѪۣǵУһɺľնͷ󵶣޳֮ȥĴۡ
ңֶǣ˵ϢǴż棬Ҳŵơ
ٺ٣û뵽ǵ㣬ⲻǸô֮УһݿݵĿضֶЦ
ǡѪ֮նͷɣֶˣüͷ΢壬
ֵҲ̫˺ءһЦеصֻЦݣԵøѪȡ
Ѫ֮նͷһ֧ħСӣСӹˣˣռʮʮ˵ȻǽսֶȻϧǣڰǰ֧Сӣնɱ˵ʱڰ˵һǿߣ䶯һʱ
֧Сӣսͻǳ֣ǿֶսǰսǳɼαҪսĻѪ֮նͷǰʮǰΡ
Եֶϳǰ֧ǿʢСʱҲסЩ졣
Լӡͷ­ݿݵնͷ󵶻ֶָ̧ˣЦ
֮ΪѪ֮նͷΪǵĶ֣նᱻǿͷ­ҲǵȺá
ֶһЦֻͫȴ𽥵֮ɫӿһգ˸׵Ȩȱֶͳּ䴫
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ֳֶ׵ȨȣɫҲǶȻȻɱ⣬

׳ǡ
ӿɾҲǷ뿪ΪССԼ⾵Щ⾵УӡƬãռ֮иս
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Ѫ֮նͷɲöԸֶҲʡ͵ĵƣ⽻ֵĻЩϷˡ
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һ¥ϣŮҲǲߵĶһŶŮнӹһĨǣѪ֮նͷͬš
ֶǵ̫ãûãݽɫ


һǧ һ·ǰ
䣡
ּ֮Ȼը죬һӰ㱩Ӷ񱩵ĲϵȨ֮ɢ

ۻԪնͷ󵶣ͬڴʱȻ󼸺ͬʱ䣬һ־˵Ĭصն׵Ȩ֮ĵ㡣
𻨱䣬񱩵ľϯ֮ϣʱһʮĹֺۼһЩϡ
׵Ȩһ׹˸ϴǿݻٶȥֶļҲһ¡
Ѫ֮նͷˣҲǸԱʮɰԲͻ۰գնͷ󵶵ƽ˽һִʹɢ
ѹܹǰʮȻЩ¡
ݿݵ촽ȴӿ֮ɫǰֶȻȥԲʵսȴǿЩզ֮࣬£Ȼֲô
ֶɫƽ˹֮䣬ΪĬѧҲȫּͬ䣬˴ȷԶԸ
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ţ
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ǿƲֱؽѪ֮նͷһΪǷһԭ൱ƣɲǼή˲١
ȣ
ԪȻֶϯ׵Ȩһһβһ˦̺ž֮ݺݵ˦նͷ֮ϡ
䣡
֮쳹նͷ˶ʱɶնͷ֮ϣ׻Щ񱩵֮ŵɿضʴȥͷͷǸ
ͣ
еնͷ󵶣صز棬˵϶ǳһĨ֮ɫȻǱòᡣ
ЩӲһ˿˲Զֳ׵ȨȻӰŨŨļɵ
ɫҲе㲻̫ÿ˵ֶͷȴû뵽֮£ǻѸٵر·硣
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ֶ£¶һĨʮЦݣüĴһ߻쿪ţһö˸׹򣬱һ־˵Ŀ֮üֳ
ˣ
ǿӼ״ɫʱһ䣬ȵ
䣡
Ȼĺո£ֶüģ׹ʢһӴ׹⣬һצ
׹ֱ˺ѴأһɹԵϸֳƬ棬ƻһƬǽ塣
նͷ
նͷſ֮ɫҲһƬأһǴһնͷ߸߾ɫ˸Ԫڴ˿㳲ӿ

Ѫâ籡ǻΪһӴѪâ󵶣֮ϣŰ֣˻ǡ
ˣ
ѪХӳһɲǱصغһ𣬾֮쳹һǿĳɻΰɢֱǽ⸽ǧ֮ڵ֣Ϊƽء
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𽥵ɢǧɿյشһֳȨȵӰҲֵظֳĶ治Զ쳣Ǳնͷ顣
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ףĶ֣Ȼնͷһﰡ
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ֶĿƽģǱϢήҵնͷˣȻƳƳǱĽɺסһˣصӡҿǵͷ­ô
ֶ̺ЩĻնͷɫʱһ䣬һֻۣһҧֶɽתˮת£պ㣡
ȻܵЩǱֳ滰ȻҪһ³ųӣǻʱȴǼֶȻɫͷһæӡ
ӡ飬ռҲŤȻֱӽǴС
ģǵù
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Щϵǿ߼ֶķһЩ˸æܿȥɷǣǿǲ
ֶԶȥʱȴûз֣ԶһŴϣһӰȰֳԶȥķ򣬴һĨѹܹѻԪ˽ˣȷЩͰ
˷ȴǵջȥ
£壬ҲǹŤȻƾյʧȥ


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Ľɺֶԣֹ˵ԭΪǰһսϵնͷһ뿪ʵȻ
Ҳãʡ˷ʱ䣬Щ͵ģ϶ڼӿٶȸɽûԸ;ൢ飬ȵɽ£ȻдսšֶЦЦ
ǰһսҲû״ûоһ·ǵ˱ô
ĽɺԴ룬ƺȷˣһ·ЩԭƵҲ࣬ǰǹ;ƴǷ˵мʱȻȫͣȻ˴ս봩жȴǲһ˶ǳ֡
Ȼ֮ǰնͷܲɷֵԭ
ǼӿٶȰɣ뿴ɽ¾ЩʲôһĽɺЦص
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ĸ·˵Χֵǿϡ٣ЩǿߵϢ֮ǿȴֶЩ죬ͬأЩǿڼֶʱнŨŨļɵĿӴ䣬ȻԶԶȥǷģȻǵֶ˻֡
Щ˵뷨ֶͷҲЩʧЦҡҡͷҲĽɺӿ·ٶȡ

ৣ
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ţ
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ֶνȻһŴϣĿǰһƬյϣѪ֮Ӷϣʮʬ壬ѪȾ˵档
ȻɱˡĽɺһĻüͷһ壬ˣжӡֻҪᱻԶȥ£Щ˾ȻɱˡȻǳֵˣûиӡʱ䡣
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ֶ£Щʬ䣬ָմմЩѪ֮ת䣬ѪҺУһ˿ĺ͸
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ֶصɱǵˣħϲĻӦ޻߻ɵġ
Щ˵ʵ൱֮ǰȻû̫ҵķЩУܹһˣָټħմȾģҲܲµǺˡ
ǾȻҲ·ϣĽɺȵصֵּĶ֣ӦŶ԰
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ֶ̧ͷԶ˫Ŀ΢Уӳ
ں·;Уֶٶȷ˼֮ǰĳЩǿߣȫδеӡǱĨɱȥ⵹ǿֶЩ䣬ǼһĺֵطȻûҪɱֵģȴߣһ
ǰжСĵ㡣ֶ񷺺ɭٶȸоһļµĲ

Ǻˣ
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ΪˣİӭУֶЩìܵĻ裬࣬ˡ
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ʱĻˣĿǰһӽ̤֦òͨ棬˿ע⣬ֻ䴽ǣһĨЦǻǿƽ͵ЦݣڻУȴͬ΢ЦͷŨŨĺ⡣
ǰ֣Ȼڴ߲һУֲֿʵֱ˸еš
ħ񣬲ˡЦǱĻˣ΢Ц
㣡
貪ȻŭŭȣȴǱԳһסù죬ʵ¶Ǵﵽһǲ֣Ͻ뿪
ԣʱǲʣʱͳȥҲ̫˰ɣ
뿪Ļֻ˵һ㡣ӺЦ
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²̫ϲڡЦ֮ɫͫӿԣǶɡ
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Ȼ־ܣۻԪȻѧǺ֮ʱȴƾɢȥ
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ֶδһȺˣǽĿضǰغӣⷬòȻһˣޡ
ǣ˰ֵֶҲ΢΢һЦ
ֶעźӣصԪǸɣ


һǧ ν
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ǻô˻ȴһüͷȻû뵽ôļһȻǴңԶĶ
΢Цֶźߵʻÿɷʼ磺֪Ϣǲٰ
ǳİɣֶص
Ҫԭӵͷ΢Цעֶмǰʬȥ
Ԫ˸տʼҲô˵ġֶźһЦֻЦȴԵøɭ
ȥĻᶼûˡ
˫Ŀ΢УĵصѣǵǲֵóƵܷʬȥԡ
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ֶҲЦȻһգ׵ȨֱֶǻΪһ⣬رǻ
ǣٶȵǲ
ͫѸٷŴ⣬ȴǵĮһЦһࡣ
䣡
׹׵ȨȣҲһЯ;磬Ի紦ɶȥ˸׵磬ûƮɢһͷǻΪ˻ҽ
Ҷԣûôв˫ָаĺӿΪһڽӿӰͬ㣬ǵӶӰ

׵ȨȻ裬׹⸡֣ǵӰײʱ쳣񱩵ĳһʮӴѷ죬֩һ㣬˽·ɿӳ
׹һ𣬲ħ˷ȴûлǻҪЧâ˸䣬ܹħ⡣
ǺǣԭȨ֮оȻ֮׸֮лõıɣǻ֮Уһ˿죬ǲ׵Ȩص֮
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Ħ޳Ŀ⵭Į󽫽ħһתǾ޴ѷȴõֶͷƤ͵ط顣
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ѡеˡؾ͸ɱˣ


һǧʮ 
һϮӰֶͣԣĿȥģ൱ӢڷĴ°ڶţԵüΪݳ
༫õӣȴβס뺧ȻֺȻԴͷȻǰ֮Լ־ͷһǱӰ
νħϣ˶ܹӦһ൱ֲϢת־ĳǿߣȻӵ˿ֲʵǿߣȴǱһķɡʵŶôĺţ
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һЩǿţǴðһЩɬɤܹת־ǿ߱Ƴֻ̤ؾ۷ǿ֮⣬кܹ쵽
򵥵֣˵ҪĪؼ䣬ֻҪﵽת־ʵԳΪһ뢣ڸһֻؾǼؼ۷壬ǿĴڣںܶУͬһ㡭
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ۻԪ糱ˮһһ־˵ٶǹײۻԪ֮УԼŵĺӣһֶصĲ˳֮ɢ
У˽۴𶯵һĻǽ߹һˣȻ¾ʲô顣
һȻʱһ̲ס죬Ǿɫ
֮޾Σգ˴սԱƽƣɢݣٽ֮⻯Ϊݹǡ
ǰǸļһʱ򡭡ƺҲΨд;ߣһҪƸۣˮһսء
ΧЩ˽üҲ΢΢һأȻҲֶ˾ٵΣԣʧܣǺǼء
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ӣǹײܹһӰǵӰ˵ȴصѹĸоˣѹʦ˵Ŀء
İɣڣֺ
Żǹֻ촽һĨΪĵĻȣһͷĺɫɢȼա
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أ
˵ĳϯ·֮ϣɢһƬƽأ涼Դڡ
ʮŵӰˣɫҲǲ԰һ֣սµħҲǿʼ׵·硣
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Ц䣬ȴһָָֻ⴦ռֱӱһӴĿռѷΣȻ৵һĹˡ
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̺֧֮ĺһ־˵ٶȶգȻһޱȵĿУصغɫħ֮ϡ

ޱȵĽ֮һռƣӿٽţ˱Ǽħ֮ϣѷɿӶ
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ŭħܣħŵĿкХݺݵ֮ϣ
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ƴһе֮ǳɹؽµĵѹ


һǧʮ 
ʵʰĹ֮УħţЩ壬壬ǶǱĹסһɫԼ׹ģԴԴϵش֮ӿħڣħѹ
ݣ
ֱĹڴʱ𽥵СţΪһԼʮҵĹΣڹıϣ֮̾ᣬͬʱǺҲ쿪ǹ֮ϣ˸պγѭħ׵طӡ
ϣǱӡħǲ԰׵ϣһĨظЦݸֳҲֲס嶼Щ̱ļǰǷսľе

֧ľӣҲڴʱصһƬĵӣΪԪĿݽ߶Ϣήҡ
飡
ӡ֮Уħڷţţȴ˿ӡħȻҲѡ
һҲǷĲ԰ף˵ͬΪȴǿվȻɵط֧䣬ǿҲķԸУץʱָԪ
׳֮⣬ԴЩ𺳵ųаЩХӣ˵жЩȻ֮ɫӿһЩħŲСǿߣڿһ޶˵ٻӰʱҲ塣
ʵЩǿ֮ģⳡսܹǿñ̬ļһӡȻӹΰ
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нǰԾ̾˵֮ǰϣͷǱֶȥⳡΪ˵սɲΪҫ۵Ĵڡ
д˼̳ˣγǿ츳ҲѣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ؽҲΪжǿߣʱĦȥҽҲиĻҲؽΪħ֮˿ɸСһŮ
УŻǹǴӳ洫ɽһЩͻ΢΢һ£ͷֶڵķ򣬿ɴʱĺȴͬƣһ£Ȼ̧ͷ˿һõЦݸֳҲǶĴָ֮ǰֱ֣Ϊķ
ֶǲõЦݣǾϵһĨ֣֪ⳡսУֶ˿СʱĺߣȴûѡվõħԺǾӰУеҫ⻷Ǽעϡ
֪ս᳹ȹ֮еĵλԺӹֳżĺô
ˣȷЩر
ҧҧ촽һĪĸܣ΢̣ˬӢ˵ĻӣʱĶˡ

ֶŷ棬ؿڻţԴصĺҲԵʱ״̬̫ã˵ǰڹؼʱɹȴȫû˿ʱȥȹ̣һǸΪ鸡һǺп˻
ֶ磬û°ɣĽɺСӰֶԣǵص˲ֶ֪ղŸʲôȴװס
ֶЦҡҡͷֻǲ԰׵ɫȻû̫˵Ľɺ״Ҳֻ죬Ҳٶ˵ʲô
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ֶĿңңǹΣ̲ס̾һͷȴӿһʹĺǿ൱ת־ĳǿ߰
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ৡ
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ЩħǶͷֶҡҡͷЦŵлҿɻ̫ˣǽֻǷӡһλħѣɻλħԼһλֲħ
Ǳ㲻ܹܵˡеεصǶԸһλħǱ㾡еڵǣȥս
ֶͷڵھַս֮󣬵ȷҲ߱սˡ
µҪν͵ÿʦǰˡ̧ͷעңԶʵս૵

ǺǣڤȰһءңңϣƳһ۴أЦ
ԶڤԭϵЦҲڴʱ࣬ҲûϵħȻ֮С
С
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ҵȷ޷ʤ֮ҪߣѵɣڤЦЦԼڽ
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ڤ˫Ŀ΢УȴһЦ˵ֻؾΪ˭ԶŰôЩһ׹ֻء
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ϣħսĽƳϴʱҲͣΪɫ̣ǶǱ˽ȥ
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ڤͫףһ˲䶸Ȼռ䶼ڴʱըֱɫһγ֮ϣȻǴ˵ν̡õоΣա
Զ̣ĦҲڴʱһ£ȻϢҲǲ֪
ţѰʱ䣬Զһսз֡ͷЦ
Ħϲɫӿ̼ԶҲ൱µ֮£նɱħ

ͻȻ뵽ʲôĦüͷ£֪Ҫ̴ﵽնɱħĳ̶ȣҪĵļӳְ
Цŵͷ
ֶСеҲ
ҡͷĦޣ΢΢һЦĵ


һǧʮһ 
ĵ
ĦĿ⼫ΪȻضǰ΢Ц̲סѵҲõһˣΪʲôûӦ
֮䣬Ͱ˵׵õҲΪף˭õܳΪ˵ģΪ˭ֶܹǰôεҡҡͷ
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ݡ
ʱ·գӰĽƳϱǳԣĽ᰿һذӴ̣ԥһ£Ҫⶫˣ
ţħΪսȻһǾͱն˫Ŀ΢Уżɱӹħ֮ͬеֻǿߣһǱʧЩħǱصüѰȻлᣬȻǲܷŹ
̾˵Ҫĵļӳ֣ܹﵽնɱħĳ̶ȡǳƳҲЩɵ˵
ͬǷƣش٣԰˴ӳ̣أһնɱħ
ЦЦĽᰣǵĵĽ֡
ĦƳһĿҲͶĽᰣ߼״ȴɫӵ̾һĿ·ĴأһСӰ
Ҳʥ壬ȷһ
ô˻Ħ޶¶ݣϢҲǵһš
֪ʥֵǰ˴֮еһĦ޳ʵ
ĽᰳĬһ£
Ħͫ΢֮жһЩ𶯣Ǻųƿ㲻㲻
ʲô㲻ǿնɢؼ䣬οһöضĽ᰿Ц
ԶŰ˴֮һ֮Ҳʥڣ䣬彫ʬħ֮ǰɨĹʱȴǷĹϼ֣弱æĹȻĹзһźڰ׹⵰ڵʬȴɢʧģ
ĽĿⶢŴϵĽСӰ⵰ϣܳ˸СѾͷ
ĦһĽɺǸСӣ
šĽ΢΢ͷ
⡭Ƴ죬ԥصСӣǲʥ棬ǡ
Ľ᰿ЦɫĪ
ӦһԵ˵˿Ľᰣ̫֮أȻͼֻתȴʧˣԣ֮棬Ӧǳ׵ɢǴӹ⵰гĽɺʵ
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飬ȷ̬֣ңɺԼ֪ʵȻ䣬ȻջһЩںϣԵɺĵĽᰵ
ڵɺӵŲʥ壬ͬʱҲֱ죬ȷؼ
Ħɫصͷϵʥ徹ȻأĦ°ͣ˵ѹѾͷֶߵôˣΪԵʰɡ
ЦЦ˵Զʱڣ˴󷽲ų֣С㽫ڣ׳ɳ󣬷
ƳɫŹ֣ôôЩһ㣿߼Ĺϵʲô
Ľ᰿ЦԶʱڣλ棬Ҳ֮֮ϵ൱ΣΪƿߣܹٵıӰһЩ
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ϣҲͲٶԣһӣصɫ̱ǻת֮У޾棬ӯӯһֻذĲȻۡ
ǹϿһڤԼħҲɫصһĻ̵ͷǶԣȻŲС֮
ߣǿȴҪӳ֣˴һҪնɱ˵ΣڤħӿһħչϽ·ӣա
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Ħޡ
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â䣬ɫ֮ϣһµ·Ȼĸ֡
һļӳ֣ҲҺųڤһĻȴЦ
Цȴ˿ᣬ˫ĿϣһεĲĵɫ֮ɢ

·еķУֶ̧ͷյɫ̣ǹ֮ϵľѱ˭еΧҲǼΪĻ谵һеĹߣڴʱɢȥ
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һͷˮֶĽɺǽС壬ͷžµСƬ̺ͫ͵һĽɺĶ䣬һֺڰɫķģڴʱظֳ
ַģİΪǡ˴֮һġ



һǧʮ 

ֶЩʧĽɺǺڰĹƣ·һǰϣһֶصĲֵɢֲһ㣬ֶǲڵԪȵļ
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ԭ
ֶ̾䣬ͻȻһȻʧٺһʱġҡ
㻹Űֶʱʱʧٵļһе㲻ððͷҲûص֮ǰ֮սһȴͷðΣսǴ˳
ʯ𽥵޸Ҳʱʱ˯ǺǣԼǺܺôЦ
ֶ˷ۣǽգǻˣһվ˵ۡ
СѾͷƿߡ
ţֶĽɺͷķģȷٰ
ѹֵҶûݣԭı仯Ҹ̾
ɺôܣֶͫһĶ϶ӿ
ۣͦȴʵѹֵܣԭΪ˵ֶЩɻ󣬱ǽ֮һЩϵ˵һ¡
ֶ꣬ɫʱЩЦôôĵأ
ĽǶ˵еϵԶʱ֮֮ϵҲе㸴ӡʲôǱе
ֶ죬ĽɺСԴʵЩ𺳣ѡ˽ܣĽɺʲôֻҪʶǸÿɰСѾͷͺá
Ŷû֣ǸֵȼħײˡħöûˡȻҲǸӦƬصĶ˵
һħħݿ൱ֲֶЦ
̫ģܹԸģҸӦ̵Ĳô˴ĵĴڣӳ֣ҪնɱһħҲʲôܵ¡ҵ
̣
ԶΪǿᣬĨɱħ
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Ȼ̶ˣս˽ħסģҲ̫ˡ
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⻪ɫ̣ͻȻһ֮ϣɬķԽԽֱ̡
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ħϸСĹ£˼򵥵رȥ
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أ
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ڤаɣƬأǣ
𽥵ر䣬Ȼһգڤ֮ǰһŻҲڴʱȻը
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ڤ嶸Ȼ̣صħҲڴʱʼһ־˵ٶȼ


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ǵصħڴʱһ־˵ٶɢħ룬̵ڤؿڼѪѪԵصҺմȾţЩҺĶҩضʴȥ
Һں޾ħȻͬѩѸٵʧ
ܹظоħɢͬʱǼΪǿҲ֮ɢȥĸоȻӿͷҲǿʼſ־֮ɫ֡

ڤд˵Ͼǿֻؾ۷ǿߣ֮ϣֻƤ£Ͻɫ·ֳһޱȵħضؿڴѪ۶ȥͼЩҺʴ
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ڤûõģ̵ħԣĶҩὫʴֱΪޡƴڤص
㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ڤ쳣Ť˫Ŀ֮Ҳ޾ıŰӿһ͵һҧӡȻһ䣬ֻ棬ͻȻϽħƸֳһּ˿񱩵ĲҲ֮ӡ
Ħ޵һĻɫ΢΢һ䣬͵رˡ
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صɫ̣Ҳڴʱȥħ˵¡
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ڤħֶΣҡȻ༴ӶʱЦͻȻռŤӰƾճǰ
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ȻԮô΢壬ǧڷɶע֮צϣֻħòϺˡ
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Ħɭһգһ泤ìǳУì⴦ϯΪУһǹر̶
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أ
ﵽʢʱħ̥ȻͣһըϽɫѪҺ䴦ռ䶼Ǳ֨֨졣
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Ǿħ˻ʱһɱķŭҲҰްǺɫоͷ¡¡Ļصؼ䡣
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ڤôƳЩŵʵǷ˴ѪڤҲ̫ϧˡ
ħǿǰĹƣ˵ħȻһЩѪҪڤҲǼѵ£ҼǿʵҲ轵Ϊ塣Ħ޵ص
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һӣصɫҲɢɫ̣ҲУֻ̣ȴǱ쳣·еǱĴһ㡣
൱һʱ޷ˡḶ̌
ܹһħҲֵáЦ
ǰǼһ˵ġħʲôĦ޿
һһӦþЩǱħɵ֯ɡڤԼǰǳȵħӦö֮֯еһԱ
ĦЩްֻһħԼħԶԸνġħŶôֲ
ֻӰеĴ֣صУĵĨ֮е۷ǿ
ҲЩˡЩϹǣҲҪˡ
ЦЦ̧ͷٶů⡣
ⳡսʤһ

ϣֶٶȻָߵأϵħڴʱɢңңϵӰҲһĨظЦݸֳ
Ӯ𣿡
һԵһ૵
ţӮˡ
ֶ΢ЦýԼš
Ÿոտʼ


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ҫǼɷĻ׳УΨܹ֤ǰ˴־ս
֮⣬ǿЩڻ׳ǸظڵӣٿһЩϼѲߵǿߣǰ𶯣֪Ϣȥ֮󣬱ȻħĻȻ
ǰսַֻ߽ˣˣȴǽƵ췭ظȻ߲սΪɫ̵޷ضǻأֲεսħѰ١
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˽ڻ׳֮⴫ɽҰӰԶԶ൱׳ۣһЩĿ˸ţλʱڣܹˮһ¡
λһЩ鷳׳ѱ٣ٽӴԻʱԶ׳ǣͼңؽ
ڻ׳֮𽥵رЩʱһ޵ٻӰȴϰգ峺öϴ
ǳģȻ󣬾ȻĸŴľӣھǰһЩĵָ
ǰһսҫ۵飬һЩħǿ߶ǰ𺳣棬˵ǰ㽿գǹƣȴ˺΢͡
һЩɧ𽥵ƽϢرǵڼЩĵĿɨӶʱһЩļһæתߡ
ŮЩ˲ð
һЩǿһ֮±ǽɧѹǰզ࣬ӽԺħһܹˡ
аգƫͷһЩЩӷָӳȥȻ԰¡
ӣ鴫ôԺ˸Ȣ㡭ֶ̲סصЦǰȺ۵̾
ৣ
Ȼֶ䣬ǰⶸȻһһǳǰֻһǹͣǰ磬һƺ⣬ǹš
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ᶶǹջأֶ߽һӺܵؽ߸ţںе㲻ʱϣͻȻչЦҿûӦһӶġ
ֶŹͣϵĿҲеת˿ȥæȥǷӡħ
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ˡħֶԥһ£ʵڸս֪﾿ļ֮ս
ˡ
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˷㲢ûб¶ºһųǼٻϢҲȥе鷳ĦһԵ
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ֶ룬ȥֵܣϴδӶӳԪϼһ˿ռ䴫ͣǶֿˣҲ֪ô
ħֶΨĿģһʵõԼӵ㹻ǿػضɱԪţڶôȻǰСС׸ҵ
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ЩϲĦԣȴǴЦ͡
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ӦǱ͵ȥˣҲ̫ĵģѣһһ壬ǿ޽൱Ӵǿ壬ҰԵ׺ᣬ嶼壬ǻ򣬵˻ȥһ߱ħѪҲ൱˲á
ЦǹӦñ㻹á
ֶһһ޽λͣСǻȥӦʵܹܿĻָǰĽ̸УֶҲܹоһӦҲͨˣС׵ĻСԺߵԸ񣬶԰
ֻǡ֪һھôˡ
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ֶͷҲûʲô£һЩʱ䣬ұ㶯ǰ򣬵ҵǣͬɱض򣡡
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ֶϲ˵ĻǱضܹʡȥ˾ʱ䣬Ͼħ֮仹żңԶľ롣
ЦŰ˰֣Ȼٶֶģ˷ܵرȭȥ
ǸֵСӰħֵ췭ظҪȥ򡭡ĦֶȥӰ̲סЦ
΢Цͷ
ƺܿأҲø֪һλʵµǿߵõĻǿ൱ǿսĦ˫Ŀ΢УͻȻ
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ЦЦ̧ͷεգ૵Զŵش٣ʤΪһλˡڡûˡ
شǸǺã
Ħͫ΢΢ΪֶпܳΪһλ棿
˫ָʯǷ˵ѡ񡭡ؼ䣬˵пܴﵽǰ㾳ģ˼󡣡
ˣ
ֻеıԼֶ
˭ܹﵽǰ㾳磬ҪʤҪڶλˡ


һǧʮ 
ŴսˣʱУ𽥵ƽΪҪؽеԵʣжԵȻ죬ӴУǰƵģΪ׳ۡ
ڻ׳ؽʱֶҲѡʱڴ˴ͣ˵еҪССףνĥѿĹҪȴǲȱٵġ
ڳе뿿Ρɽһʯ̨ϣֶȻպܹӸµظ׳ǣĻҲ̲סһоͷΪ⼸켫еΪ顣
ڵĹͣǼã̫æ⼸ڣȴд˵Ħޣֻ;Ҵҵؿ˿ţǷȥ˵ܵȻĦ޻Ҫ࣬ŮҲȷֱ¡
ǹͷ˰
ֶŤŤӣһ̾üͷͻȻһתͷԶ֣Ƭ̺һٻӰǳǰ
⼸Ϣû𣿡ÿĺ췢Цɢֶ
һﰡֶûصΪЩһѾء
Ϊ֮ǰ£׳ǱٵһɶҪؽҲͦ鷳ҳεĿĲҲǱ¶˳ҲҪúһ¡
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ֶ˫Ŀ΢УĬĬͷ⼸ʱ䣬״̬Ҳ𽥵ػָ˵ȴоԪ鸡Ǿ粻ȵı֣һֲ׻˻
ֻ˰ֶͻƺȹ൱Ҫһ֮ҪֲܹЩ鷳ġ
ܿҪȥˣͬƵأһ޵磬ױԣ״̬ȥԿüţȻǶֶַܺǲ
ѵʲô취ֶεص
ԣϸᱧǰЦؿֶϷʵص֪
ֶڳһ֪ҵģȴ̲סеЦƽԵؾͳ˧ȻŮ̬ı֡
ȥĦǰɡֶȻף̵Ȼȥ
βֶҧź촽Թ޺޵һţȻȥ˵ô
ֶŲһ٣΢еӡƺһأ˵׳УżΪΪ죬ԴؼΪϡǿ߶ԣż档
֪ǡ׳ءƺһſһΰɣһǶм׵ĺĳԱܹܡֶɵص
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ʦ˵ʲôԪкܴĶԹɣֻҪˣʱضұ̤ƽԪţ
ֶλض£ɫЩӵ̧ͷǸҲ
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ǿΪսֻõõڸѪһĴۡ
ֶѡԶ˳˵ڣҲ֪߼ǣ˼򵥵رǶȥħǼͼס¶Ůʱ˵ס

ֶһзڵļѹȥȻƫͷһԵԴǸʼ硣
Ҳֻ˵˵ģİɣǲˣҡʦ˵ġ
Цŵͷӿ죺ɣʦڵǡ
ֶǰǶ˵ٻӰֻ̾һȻȥ

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Ĵ£ֶǳͨ裬һ·ǰߣ˳Ĵطִ
޴ĵűƿȳֶеģһֱµĺɫٲٲΪأ󷽣޾ԨҲ֪ͨٲ̬֮ɫˮԨͷӿȻٲ·һƬ޴ĺɫˮС
ǣӴٲȴûǺɫˮе˿Ƭˮأ޲һ̶ˮù졣
ںڳصıԵӰǾĦԼˡ
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ֶ߽ڳأܹ֣ǳϣȻźɫĻţһ־˷ָΪ
أֶõصڳأ
š
Цŵͷﲻ㾳糹ȹҶ컯ҲŲСĺôһ귽ſһΣԭ꿪һЩʱ䣬Ħһﻹ᲻ڴأ˵ǻʧص
ҿظҵǲ֡ĦһƲȴƳһ΢ԼѾͷΪǣñǲˬ
ֶΪǶԸħŻᾳ粻ȣΰ鷳ȻȥԺ˭ҰȻҲʡ͵ĵƣȻЩ죬һоݵĻǰĦ޸˻ȥ
лĦǰˡֶЩжȭ
Ħްڰ֣Сӣҵȸ˵Щɫôɼ˾۶ɣϳʯ̨һأЩǻӶ۶гˢ塣
ֳˢ׳ڵӶȹ̾磬ǿ壬ͬŷգ̫һƻǿ޷ܣǻ廵ʱֻܱԪ֮ˡ
ֶԾⶫȻҲŲСķհ
Űλǿ߱ػȥ壬ܹмʮˢߣΨˣôһ˳׵İʮŵ֮
ʮŵ˭
ֶ̲סʵǿߵ嶼ܹٵȻǾ߱żΪµƻҪгʮŵˢȻһѵ¡
ԱλһЦ
ֶԸ𶯵ƫͷȻǼȻЦգŮ
Ҳʼɡ
Ħ޻˻֣ϷʵصСӣĪҪȥȻ͵öˡ
ֶЩֻƺſϷĦޣԸԣ̧ͷǰأѪҺ·΢һЩ
ȻˣǾԣⶫŶôѲɣ
ֶЦҲͲٳӣżһ㣬αĦעУٲ֮µһʯ̨


һǧʮ ˢ
ֶһʯ̨֮ϣȻͷ­΢ܹϷǴĺɫٲٲ֮Уư֮ƣȴûаˮ֮ǷģԵЩ졣
ĦǰʼɡֶһĦޣ
Ħԣһۣ΢΢ͷ̽źڳأȻ¡
䣡
Ħ£쳣ŵǾҵزһ£ֻź׵ĺɫˮһطӿȥԼܹ·һΪӴĺɫתš
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ֶ˫ĿǺڳϣ˫ҲǻգЦİɣĦǰʮҰοأ
ǲСǾ㾿ֵܼʲôʱ򣿡
СģҪˣ
Ħǵͺֶ֮Ҳ˲ٽţǼ֮УˮźײӿȻΪһͷӴĺ֮

֮ǹɰһּ˾˵ƻ
ৣ
֮ûиֶκεķӦʱ䣬һۣǶȻХ𳤳ĺ֮βһ־˵ٶӹգ̶£ֶ֮ͫмٷŴȻݺݵײ֮ϡ
أ
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ֳˢ֮£ֶƤȻ𽥵رûҰŨŨȥͬʬ
ֶܹӦĳˢ£ڵอһ𽥿ݽߵļһƻǿһղпܻᱻ塣
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ͣ
ֶڣ컯ı£ֶھอȵҲǿʼ·䶯ȻЩ쳣̰š
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䣡
䣬֮кٶȷӿһǰΪҵĺ֮Ȼݺݵضֶȥ
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ҲЦŵͷŲС֮ɫ˵컯ֶǺ߶ɣİ൱ޡ
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Ŷüͷ΢Ц˵Ǳ
صˢһǿһʮ֮ÿһǳɱǣҲǲȡһЩʩŰʮŵʮŵҲǳ׻Թȥʱ䷽𽥵ػָĦ޵
ֶܹ൱ʵǺܲˡ
ЦЦͻȻʵʮŵصļޣ
Ħ㶣Ȼüͷ𣬵ʮδ˼ȻضǽЧǰ¡
أһ˵ڸոսúΪЧʵЧҲǻԽԽСһʵԽ޵ˣǲᱻذװ׵еľ
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һԵ˵ĶԻ촽΢ʯ̨֮ϽһˢӰЩڴͬǺ뿴ƽȴƽŴ漣꣬Ƿٶ𺳡

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Ӵĺ֮һЯݺݵسֶ֮ϡ
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ֶȻһץץסǺͷⱩӿһץǺ֮ŨŨ˳ƣɿӿڡ

ֶ΢΢ȴִ֡
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·ӦĺؼΪ񱩵ĺ֮۶ϵضֶˢȥ
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ͳڿտĳصţĦһͷͷ֮ĳײ²ϲţȴʼδµֶҲ𽥵
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е㶶ֳȻ֪Ҫܶôʹļ尾ھʮߵʱǼޣΪ׼ڴ˴

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ȵĺɫͬ˰ײ֮ϯֳɵǿ߱Уǵ֮ǡ
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ǵɳƵʯ̨ϴʱĦɫ΢΢һ䣬ΨһЦ·Դ˲⡣
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ʯ̨ϣֶƣʱƤΪʴЩҰףƺżʹ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻ΢΢ڶƣ͸¶һЩϾʹ˰ݵִ֡
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ٲ佫Щ޴ʯ̨˲仯ΪҽȻûоǾҲĴأֿ֤µĳ

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رԵĦɫصǴĺɫٲƾŹ˵ܹԼĿٲ֮Уֶ壬Ȼڴʱ𽥵رúڰ廵ļ
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ʦȳ
Ħɫأһƽ΢΢ҡͷ𼱣Сӻڼ֡

һѹ֣̺żʹĵͺҰްٲ֮д޷ʹﵽʲô̶ȣԸ͵ֶı֡
ź촽ܹǺɫٲУֶ·һȦȦСţЩ絽пµĸʴЧһ㣬ϵʴ塣
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ܹ֪һЩΪʲôܹ꣬õʦԼؼ۷ǿǰؿأⲢ츳ʲôģ߱˿ԡ
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ֶ֮ǰ˵ĸӦУСС͵ķ򣬶Сڴ͹ȥƼأϾħʱСȼԪͷսĻ壬ضչˣ˭Ҳ֪״ΣСչ޷ȥѰСףǴʱĺӦǶһдֶЩġ
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ֶصͷĿ⿴޾գ΢΢Щȡ
ССףңֵܣ˵Ҫһɱضģ

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ֶͷΪŮҲСŸϣ۾Ħ޶ˣ΢Щη壬еλƽʱɲܹĦλͳߵġ
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ڴһĵ

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ΪΪǿĳɣ궼ǰԼУĵӴУǵϣһĨΪƬΪǿɵһԱĽ
ֻżһЩ̧ͷֵƣȴԸѹ֣֮УƺЩء
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ѩصĳһӴıɽɽ˲񷣬Ρ׳ۣͷ
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ڱ֮ӰŮͻȻڴʱ˱ɫ˫̧ͷңԶĵطü΢Ǹ򣬷·һֺڴ͸ռش
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ʱƬƽԭƫһСɽϣһӰͷΪصɫҲͬԵЩգ˳ƽԭľͷȥȴʲô
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С룬۾ֶһЩصҪȥһЩ鱨϶֪öġ
ֶԴ˵ûʲôͷһܹõ鱨ܹһЧʸ졣
ֶͷСҲЩϲ̧ͷһ·Сָ򱱷ǾβӦǸһֱ·ȥĻӦþܹ
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ֶȻֵܸܣǿǺ׺أ򣬾˼ǶЩɵ羪̾ص
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İ壿ֶеΣ޽绹ǳ׵İ
޽İ壬֮ƣİ壬ŷ壬Լ塭޽ǿ塣
ŷ壬塭ֶ߶һ֣⵹ǵһ˵ˡ
ʵǾβܾúܾǰҲǿġʱǾβ廹忪սû·ءЩص
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мβͰֶסŮΣȻЦʵ

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ģֶʲôƤ֮񣬴ʱҲ̲סһ̣ɿƣŹǺǣôǸǸϽ·ɡ
£Ƿɿش˳ȥǶˣô˵Ĳ
һܳȥֶҲһ£Ů̲סЦȻҲǸæͷ׷ȥ


һǧʮһ ҵĿ
ƽԭ֮ϣһϦбңĹŴأƽԭϣżо޴İ׹ţ֮УŨ
ݡ
֮ϣͻȻƷ֮ӰɿӹǰӰǶžβڵȥֶˡ
ֶˣսΪĻңȻȻŲڣϾ޽磬ǱĻһЩӣǴи·̫ˡֶԣ۾ЩŵܵĶȻѵ
·ƺе㲻Сӡ
ֶЦŵͷȴûнٶȵļ״С˱Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻظţȻŲʲôӡ
ƺһЩãյĸ·Уǲδʲô鷳Ȼ;һЩԶХƳƺûзָ·еֶˣֱرǴԶӹս
ⷬ·УֶҲۼʶһսĻңֻǶ̶̰ʱ䣬Ǽ˲֧ڲͬײһȻɱ죬ԶԶȥ൱׳ۡ
ֻЩȻ٣ڼʶ־ȻͬӰĲӵֶУȴֻں֮ڣЩͳ죬ȻҲԶԶɱУȫƾʵ
սֶֻԶԶһ±ʧȥȤȻǸСŵѸ뿪
ʱڸ·֮Ѹţգۼ䣬չȥֶˣǾβڵҲԽԽӽ

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һ뵽ЩֶǶпⰵҡͷǲװ
˵˶ٴˣֶͿˣƺʲôˡֶ̻ʣЩص
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ǾβսķպôԨɽĽӴֶ̻ʼ䣬һ˵žβйصϢ
Ԩɽ룿
Ԩɽ붼սмΪǿǵ죬Ҳǰ˧֮һ
͵Ǿβǵļз䣬Ħϣû̫ʱںǣֻҪÿϽһЩܹȡ
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ѪǵˡѪģٶȾһ£
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ЩһĴ²ӣˣֶˣǻǲҪͻĺá
˵䣬֧˳ƽԭϵĴֶһ֧ԼˣϢ׺ǰλã˵ʵﵽСɵĵزѪǵҲȷżʵ
֧ӷưӹڿʱȻҲǷֶˣһЩ׹˸ţȴûֱӳ֡
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СӣļҵС˽ô
ڶĹЦһһգһɾХԱ߼Ŀץ˹ȥȻЦ˺ҧȥ
ЩȻջ¼ֶˣҲٳ֡
Щ𽥹ȥѪʱظһȻһЩЦԼش
εջСǼկԺ󻹸ҶѪǲǾֱѪϴǡ

û뵽˴λβˣٺ٣Сˮ飬˵βŮӣҪ׸Ļúó
ͱˣּƷɫɲմȾģǱȻҪȸܡ
ǵȻģˣǿԸС֡

ХЩЦȴ˵Ļڰǻţֶ˫Ŀ΢ţȻƫͷǼǶȻɷС
ʱ磬ĿԶȥȻȦһӺǽץֶ½ǵСҲǲ˿
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΢΢ҡҡͷСֶ¶һĨΪǿЦݣϵһЩʰһ£ٶʱҧҧ촽ֶˡȥҵô硭ͻȻЩء
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ȻҵĿ⡭
һˬֶƬ̺Ǵ̲ס»ȥŮСڴʱԵЩĶˡ


һǧʮ 
ҹɫȻƬԭϣȴһưܵСǳ֣ǳУۼŴ·һЪŻ֮أԶԶģܹ򲻶ϵһЩ鱼ڶ
СǣҲ˶֣û֮ǰԭϵ塣
СΪСĳǣԭеһ֮㣬ƽմڻԭѰĸӣ඼ѡֵطҲ˶һ»ԭżֵһЩ쫷纮ȵȡ
Щڴ˴ʱҲһЩײţ绥ཻһ±˴˿еĻȻֵطȴ򱾾ͻңս֮ңָ׼֮ǰЦӭһɱѪɺӡ
ʱǳһѪƮţΧһƬӪأִ׺ݵĺȻԶԶش
ӪǰһƬأʱŲţһƮģʾǶսвͬ
ʱƬأŸҫ𣬴¶ڴԼ֧еջȵȡ
ңŴһֻܵķ˶ӶѣѪǴѪϴկӣջ񣬿ɱǿˡ
ѪߣһĽ̸ЦŲٽ˺ۣΪ׺ݡ
ңǣѪǾ֪Щһկˣ磬ʲôջ񣿡ǳӴЦʱȴŲʱ˵һԴĿȥһЦͬӵŲ
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ԶСĳǵּ䣬ţֶȻȻ΢ЦŶǴһò绨Ů
ǵ䣬ֶܹһЩ͵͵ľβŮϵųԾݵĿ⿴˵һЩֶйص顣
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βܽɢȥǾȻҪһЩ̤ʯܴɵģѪ˹
ҹ£ӦûõִһЩ⣬ԶԶء
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رڵһЩ֪Ѫ֮еĶ󣬸ǶԴ˺һЩ߻۶ȴһϷĿ

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Сһ£ȻСЩ˷ܵضźļ˻ӻ֣ͻȻһЩԾ͵̧ͷС˲ɷֻǸǰƽԭϣѹѹһ֮УһѪģӭƮһɷ֮ϯ
ЩǰһѪʱϣһѪбɫĮǳڸ֮ϵˣǣһĨ֮ɫ


һǧʮ Ӯ
ѹѹǰƽԭӿƮѪģɢ˵ɷϢ·ܴȾϣƻ۶һ꽵ģ
ŮԭϲЦݵСǰ±ò԰УźȻ뾪š
ƮУ֪ǰҿģȻѪ㳲ȻѪʦڵĿ꣬ǡ
Ǻǡ˰
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ǵ͵ૼ䣬˭δܼʯ̨ϵľβͭѪŻУ·ӹһ˿ı⡣

߽ѪŻʱֶܹһǿҵĿռ䲨ɢȻǰѪⶸȻǿʢѸٵֶߣҲڵһʱָͬʱ䣬ԪѸת
߷ſûеΣգ۵ģƺһƬ޾Ѫ󺣣ʱվƬ󺣵һϣȵľͷ·һ൱޴Ĺ㳡
峺Ⱦͷľ޴㳡ɿֶƣӿоһ˿ԶŰĺ
ֶظĿȴǲϵɨƬѪĿռ䣬˫֮䣬һ˿˿ĺâԼ׻ĵ˸Ծš
˺ܿıǹ㳡֮УȻֶǼǹ㳡룬һӴʯʯһͷβֻƣͭǿԶԶؿֶԵظоһļ¡
桭ʯҲǷһ˿ȡ
ĹǺ
ֶһԭⲢʲôʯ񣬶һβĹǺѹ˿ֲơ
ӿ첽ȻھǾβǺǧɾʱͣȻ£˫ְڳһ൱صƣë׵βͣҲչ
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ڳʱͻȻһ϶ĸдֹϸǻƬռУһ·λԶš
ˣ
صֶܹо·ԪǷ󲨶ǾβǺϣŵѪ۶
ѪɿػţܿıǻΪһΣù⻪ɢȥʱһŮӹӰǸֳŮŻòģһһЦ䣬·ض
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ֶȴǲδᣬֻĿضޱȵŮӣȻ绺ˣ˲У˳
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ֶǴһЩ뾯Ƭ㳡֮ϴȴǷ·ÿΪ֮һ˲
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˭㲢֮ˣ
ŮҲ΢üֶࣺҵˣҾβ涼𣿾ȻҲҴ
ǵġ
ԼæҪ˵ȴֶֹһЦôǵȴûһܹȥͲô
罿һһĨ޷ŵĿ־ӿ˳
ǰˡɲǵλ˰ֶŮЦЦ˵ö԰ɣ֪ħ
桭ôŮӣлһ˿Ϊϣ
ŮĿⶢֶǻһĨЦݣ޴ľβǸоһЩ˰
Сʱɷס
Сʲôˣؼ䣬֪ħڵӦòɣοСɵʵûʸ֪ЩŮӵ
Ǻǣ֮ǰòħ֡˳һ֣һħֶ΢Ц
ŮͫڴʱȻһЦ֦ҲΪˣСӵϲ˵ء֪ҪһħҪ
һֻؾǿߣһ̣ĵ֮ӳֶ֣û󲨶ص
ЦȻֹŮǿʼǰȥСɵ꣬Ǳɭࣺ㾿˭
רħ鷳ˡֶЦ
ƾ㣿Ȼ΢ЩҵϣȻ㴳˽ǾһͬɣŮЦһգֻѪͻȻҵطӿͨѪɫ͵Ѫ֮кХֶ
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׻ţɿشЩѪɫϣ񱩵֮ͷſֱǽѪɫϡ
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ֶ˫΢ͷϷڹâռƬʣŮӣЦʶΪңҲµûĻӦħʶںϳİɣ
ŮɭĶֶͻȻЦΣǴŮͼһ֮ѹϵµƣʶȴǷѹƣЩЩβĴһһôƬѪʵǾβ֮
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籴ҧ촽Ѫ͸᲻ϵشйţôû뵽ԭһϣĵطȻ˵Ŀ¡
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ʶǧϵٺ٣뾻ʶҲóɢʱβһ壬ͳûĻᡣŮЦ
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龻ħ󣡡
âͻȻŹϵʯ֮дֻɫкХѸٵŮϿջΪһ޴İɫ

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ĲҽȻ쳹׹ˢ£ֶܹؼһ˿˿ĺڷɿشŮ͸ұȥ


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Ĳҽϵػصţֶȴδ˿ĶҡһǹתٶȣѸ͡
ҲģֻҪǻһЩѪ⣬ܹ
ŮӼХХУǷŭ벻ʣǧǿһЩϣڣϣȴǱ׵Ĩȥ
ȻˡǾͱˣʵʵɢؼɡ
ֶĮȻȴĲ˫ĿУӹֻǵɫͻȻѸٵرۣ󣬼ǻΪ˫ָϸһɫ̣৵һݺݵŮб壡
ⷬȴûѪʣһ˿˿ĺֵӿһǻΪɢȥ
ꡣ
Լ䣬·ʲôѵȻŮɢ

ڴʱ𽥵ɢŮӵ˫ĿҲǻر£ħͬɢøɸɾ
ֶǱ˫ĿڰյŮӣһУʯɶأһʧȥ
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βֶٶ۵Ůӣüͷ΢߸ĸо֮ǰȻͬ
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Ůӵͷ˿Լϸ޳˫֣ǶĻӹһĨ֮ɫֶͷλСѡллˡ
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βôһֱƽӹӦҲЩϵɣֶüͷ΢塣
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ǰд塣ֶҲǳβ֮٣õĸо塣
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β̧ͷƬѪƬѪǧβǿлħĴλСѣȥˣµ󷨣׷ɽһὫǡ
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ֶ֮࣬ЦЦͷ磬ӴԺǱ㲻Ѱκ˵ıӻˡ
ףǵȾβӷɽ״̬г޽еİ壬Ҳٶٲ˸ҶĻ졣
ֶˡǾβĶˣԺβظٹ⣬Ҳͬλ֮һİ
ӿֶУ˸һЩĲͻȻת˫Ŷͷë׵βڱϣһֻµСֶ꣬ذݷ¡
һԵľβݵ̬лһĨ΢֮ɫ࿴ֶһۣͶ˶Ҫ˵ʲôȴ˳Ĭ
ûиֶǾβߵڡڣΨоβ峤Լ峤̳˷ʸʹãΪβ塣
ЩڣֹΣһǵǸ֮ǰһĻ
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ֶڲϤҲ֪ʲôֻǶӣЦ͵СԴ
СѾͷʼáβ磬΢΢һЦԸҵĴô
磬ýֻǿˣʸȥ׷ԼϲĶŶ
С΢΢˺죬ھβ΢ȵĿҡͷֻǸСѾͷءҪĴУֻҪԺܹͬ浱֮˾ͺá
βٶȿЦһĻϤúء
˵ǼСֶȻҲûȥ͵뷨Ավһԣż޹߿ȥȻǼβЩĶĿ⣬ǸЦһ뵽Īҵ֮˲ɣ
СѾͷҵĴаɡ
βҪͦʱ䣬ȻҲͦʹģȷ𣿡
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ڸ㶨˰ֶǽĵˡ
ֶǰɣβ΢ЦֶͻȻԵ
š
ֶͷ
β룬õ֮Ĵô


һǧʮ 
Ҫõ֮Ĵô
β仰˵ʱֶܹظоĺ·ôһ˲ͣһͫףҲ΢΢ţƬ̺󣬻ظ
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Ҳ˵ֻҪֻ֮أĴУҲܻá
βͷްĬ
ֶ΢ֻأ֮δ
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䣬ԶŰ˴˴Σ֮ǰʹֻأȴ֧Ż˽ֻء
ʵԷҪֻӦҲǿ쵽ĻֻرΪδػʡ
ǷϯӣͬҲĵӣ֮ҲԴ˲飬ҷҲ˵˴УΨблﵽһ
Ӧ֪شս˵ʤգȴħһֱƬ磬ȵһشսʱǱҪڶλ档
ֶ΢գǵڶλ桭пܱӦ
뵽˴ԺбǸֳϸˣīЦĽŮ̲סЩЩ֪һ쵽ʱʶǸһ԰ΪԼָҵŮô
һĲɽʯŮݡչǻԶȥ
ȻҪӻסҲߴͬǶڷ˵־Ҳû˿Թԣ⵹Ƿƫʲôġ
βͻȻЩֶΪڴˣЦЦ
ߴôģֶʵħУҽռ䣬Ӧĳ˯֮أҽƯĳеУֶܹӦһ˿Ϊ΢ĲȻӦûš
ںУҲǲź֮Ȼ֪ΣģӦûеĳ̶ȡ
βֻգĴǣһ˿ɬ͸֮ڰ˴֮Уڶʵڱǳս֮ʣܵƣȴ˿ȱ֮һҪɢȥԪ񡣡
ǸʱֻصĻֻܹлһȴǷѡȼԪԻȡס
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βֶԡδֻص֮ӴҲ᳹׵ɢؼ䣬ˡ
ֶ۴ɫľβһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ǼһϲҵϰˡңҲɢؼ䣬ԵûʲôĬġβЦЦǰЦΪ嵭ֶһƿߣܹĴеĻҲ֮֮
ֶͷ֮ĴУӦòڴ˴ɣ
ȻΪô򵥵ôβûİֶһۣŵҽֻܸһЩܷôУȴǵÿı¡
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䣬ҪĴУ͵ҵ֮Сβ
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ǲڿռ֮УһƬƯεĿռ䣬ķλҲǼĲ̶ҪҸȷеλãҲǲܵ¡βЦ
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ֶһЦҶԼġ
βһֶݸһЦԴǸǼһҲһֱѹһͷս˱꣬ȴûһܹʤŻͷذݡ
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βһУתĺڶǺХ£ͬʱҲһֶͷصСһӵУҲһΣõԽ࣬ξԽ󡣡
һ䣬ҲͲٶ˵ֵֻǺڶתһɫ⻡ӳճʬ֮ϣԼ䣬·һЩƵ·ڱĵ޸ֲϡ
ֶһԾؿţܹоЩɫʬ֮ԾһǿĲҲǿʼ޵ɢ


һǧʮ ϣ
ɫУڰգ봦ܹԼؼһӰĴڣһɫߣϵش֮У·޸ʲô
޸УһǿĲҲ֮ӿ
вԶֶȻĿ΢ż߻ɨ֮УһЩ֮ɫʬУŰʱ䡣
֮УβҲ𽥵ʬּ˲Ƶ״̬˵Ȼ޷ָ۷壬֮ǰȻǿ̫ࡣ
ǰûʲô°ɣ
ֶߣתƶǰǵӰβԭЩõ壬ĵ
βԣֻһЦȴǶ֮Уұֻһ壬չɢģɢǰܹһæҲǱҾβĶ顣
˴ͻȻһӦòˡ
£ֶǸоһǿĲȻǺڶбڹ籡תŻΪһöϵĺڶġ
ڷĵ·һͨīӰ˿ʬϣȴһɬϵ·Ȼȥǰ㵥ֶȴܹظӦ̺֮ľ
ʬӦܹԲǿ߿⣬ƾɵԣת־ǿߵĹҲܽȻҪȥһת־ǿҲͦѡβʬֻ޸̶ֳ΢ЩҲû취ȫʢʱڣܽ޸۷ǹת־ǿߣϧ
ˡ
ֶЦʬǿĵطķⶫߣҲǶһ㰲ȫϡ
ֶվһӣǽʬ𣬶ҲǻΪһڹУ̧ͷŰǾ޴ĹǳأճĺɫԴкֶʧȥ˶иӦܹǹǳеȷʲôţСѾͷǲѳ⡣
ǰ㴫УҪ೤ʱ䣿
ɡ
Щģֶֻ֣εҡҡͷ´ټҲ֪Ǻʱˣʱ򣬻Щ˷ǰɡ
ǰϣҲͲپȥһβ尴˵ȥ졣
Ǳлˡβ΢Ц
ֶЦЦĿٶȿһǾ޴ǳأȻžβ֣صıȭٲԥתӳ㳡˸䣬Ͷ˿ռ֮Уʧ
βֶʧӰһ̾૵ƬտĿռ֮Уص
ϣܵõĴаɣȻⲻʲô򵥵ء

βկƬ֮Уļ̳ΧǱβռţڵأӴĵطȴǺ˵Ŀ⣬ǽǼ̳ϷѪŻ
Դֶ˽֮ǰδϢҪȴϢǸغǾβԺϢ
Ȼʱһƣ䣬һ־գȻţپβˣе𽥵ʧ
ھ̳ĵط̹˫ϣУŵľɫȴûаҪϢļ
ӳľգҲȴֹΪҲֶһȥأǾβ壬ҲûȥıҪˡ
Ǵžβٹ⣬ʧؼɡ
ˣҲ¶һĨɫ˿ɫɢɫͻȻһ͵̧ͷֻƽ˰ʱѪŻڴʱ󲨶
Ƭ֮ضڴʱ͵͵ĻȻ˶̧ͷΪŵǲŻѪӿһӰǻ˳ȻҰ֮С
ֶˣ
ֶվڼ̳ϣɽҰľβˣǵߣεϣ
̡
ֶ̳ǰǽޱȵĿ΢΢һЦմ˿ϲˣβ
ֶ緭Ŵ󺣵ֱ֮˲佫Ƭط̵մ֧飬ϵǲûκεĻЩβ˽ǽ죬һּˮ˳һЩѹֵü˷
ֶһĻҲǰһ̾ôβҲǹ൱ףһԻ͵û䣬ٹ⣬ΪѹôΡ
ֶûٶ˵ʲôֻڼ̳ǰĿңԶߣú̷źǰźЦЦȻ£ϸ˵һ顣
ֶˣǾβһĶˣպҾβһܹ𣬱׷Ա
ֶʱǹȥ󷽣ѹѹĴƬβҲǹ£ǵУһַİĸж
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̣ǰ˵󷨣Ǳ㾡ɣβһ壬ҲøıˡվĨȥǼˮصͷ
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ҪһӸĴЩѶȣʧȥ谭ǣȻҲӵ޾Ǳ

β󷨣׼һܵʱ䣬һУֶҲΪӦͻկΪ򣬲õɿʱ;ûгֲӡ
󷨣ڵı׼á
կһžϣֶ˫ָ̧ͷɽӴ󣬴ǹУܹоһɹϵĲ
ֶˣβ׼ɹֻҪ߶ɽǻ䣬˽Ҳȥھ·ҲοһУ̧ͷ
Դ֮º󣬾Ҳǿʼĳƺֶúĸвϰߣȴ޿κΡ
ΧӵŲپβеŮǽǶֶһԶԴ۾Уڵ֮ɫڸԶһЩæµȹ󷨵ľβˣҲʱʱؿ֮УǸм硣
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ʹˣ
󷽣ľβ̵ĴӣֶԶȥӰƬȺɽ֮лصݡ
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硣СֶŴ¶һĨЦݡ
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С׵ͷĿ⿴һۺ󷽵ľβկȴǷĿռ俪ʼŤȻɽԼеկӣһּΪķʽʧȥ
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С˼󲽸ȥǻɾ֮ǰͻȻͣ²һԻĿǰ֧ӣĿ֮ӹͳ֮𣺡ҴֶǵҵģҵǴģԴӴԺǵҲģ
൫ȴֱף޽磬ƺȥ໨ͷĳ̶ֳ˵࣬޲׸ҳϣһǻ൱ӵǵȫ
֧ɾÿһƬײ㣬ʹūۣϾɥʬС׽ǴһһʹôоѪıǣҲõǳΪõŷɥĻɾǵڶε
ǵУСһе
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ڴԶϯȥʱСֶԣֳǰץһѣ׺ݣڿԶǸһﶯˣΪ죬ҿһˣ
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С׶˶٣ȻҪģӡǼһֻһűܹ̤ת־ˡ
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ţ磬ڸȥԨɽǻͷʱ翴ܷϵİԨⶫǲǶԸӡС׵
ֶͷ̧ͷԶҪħν˧ܹ׺ʲôزȥ

֮󣬱ľͻȻʼ٣ǰһƬӪʣ֮гڸԶĵطֶܹԼĿһӴÿͷɽһԶԶɢɽӦñԨɽˡ
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ЩĿ⣬ɾȴû˿ᣬֱĳȻһƬУռƬӪõ
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顣
ԶɽڱѣһЩǱӰҲ˳Ȼٶ䵽ԣɫЩ콻棬ջǳֶһȭֶֺǰ׾ˡ
ԱݰɡС߹ߵ
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Աݣյ΢ɻһЩ彫ɽǰ֮ٲҶֶʲôСǰߵһȭҲǡ
ֱ۸ңҰǽԨƽ⡣ֶĿ⿴ˣû˵ϻĻʲô֮ԻӦС׶֣ٵԭΪ˵ܹΪǽڵİԨ
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ΪһƬͷԨɽͳԨɽΪģԴ˷֮ڵӴ򣬶ӴĽУеκԼǴԨɽ֮С
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ڽԨɽһؿȻرأһĿ⣬ЩԨɽɨš
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⻰һΧˣͨЩ󽫣ɫҲЩһŹ֣ʲôʱԸ˭סСҰèȻô֪ˣ


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ǽҪСĵ㡣
ֶžƱ΢΢һ٣˫Ҳ΢ƺ֪ʲôѵǴһζС׳ô
СɺУҲɭȻɱӿܿرǱѹȥ
ͦġֶ¾ƱСЦ
Ϲ˵ʲôСױֶԸæңЦҶû˼Ǵδ˭˵Щ
ǳȻһҪܵĶҲܡֶ΢ЦС׵ĿЩ̾Ǹ¶ǶδıҲǳɳ˰
˵ɡСڵһЦ죬ԨɽעҪƽ˰
ֶͷӣȻҲ಻סô

ʱƣľ޵֮У֣ܹ뵽ˣ඼ԨɽһЩĸԣвѪǳֲεĴڣյȻǶֻġ
ˣ
ھ޵ּ䣬ͻȻŵͳ֮쳹޵𽥵رðһĿ⣬Ҳǿ˾޵ͷ
Ԩɽɽۣлλǰڴ˴л
һЦ֮Ȼھ޵֮лصݣǾ޵֮⣬ͻȻŰڹֱХǵڹۼ䣬ɫһ׳˶ӰǴ𵶵֮ϣ˫Ŀɨ֮䣬ױӿǡ
ӭ˧
֮ϵĺ޵֮Уʱӭ֮
ս˴˧֮һԨɽƿߣô
ֶĿڴʱϣ׳˶СףһۣһЩǷü䣬ųӸλϣֻ˫ĿܹһЩ֮ɫⷬƣ˿û˧ͷ
ӳֵʱֶܹоԵС嶼΢΢ǰһ㣬Ƿģͻʳǰࡣ
ֶСףϵ΢ЦõúǽҲ𽥵ɻ
ǺǣѵԨɽʢ£λ飡Цǰ֮ⷬ״ӹһĨ֮ɫЦ
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·ҲǴһƬƬ֮ЩӵĿУһЩɫ˴˧֮һͷȷ൱ԡ
ЦһӣŸ輧ƺ޵֮Уڣյ൱Ļȡ
Ԩɽ¾Žܲɷ֣һһȵ칦絹ٲǣ;ƣ޵ջȼ䣬ӻĿһɨͻȻ·ľԱ󽫣ӹСֶʱĿȻǶ˶٣Ȼƿ
һһսˣƺЦ
·΢ǰƱһ
ֶɫƽһĻܹΪһ˧ȻһЩֶΣֶ֪С׵ʩӰԨƵĻµȣЩ۷ϧ
ǺǣλλѪǳӮֶɣȻ˲ţѹ׽Ը˶ܳΪһ硣ӽеľƺ£ͻȻСԵֶЦ
ʱ޵ҲһЩĿ⿴ֶʱ˽ǶԴ˲İ
˧˹ˣʤӮֻǽҰˡֶ΢Ц
ЦЦĿֶһƳתСףȻС׵ԸֶӦҲʲôԶԣȻΪעСףʵΪһСɵв򵥡ѵӾͼˣ
ĿⶢСףŨṴ̃ӿţ߷·ҲҲǻ̧ͷǶɺ컢Ŀ˿õӶš
˫ĿĿڴʱ̣һ޵ɱ⣬Ǵӹ
˵ֶӣҲǺܿıһЩ֮˲ɫ΢΢һ䣬ԼظоһɲѰա
һЩ֪ࡣ
ͨˣҲĵطоƱļⶼڴʱĴźˮš
ǻһĻеһЩ֮ɫû뵽ǰһöûãͷǸԡ
һֶʱƺС׵ҲˣõԵǣʱֶ·ûвֹŹգֻǵͷеľƱ
Ǻǣ׽治Ǳµһӵ˫ĿһЦ
СҲһѣȻ˧Ϊǹô󣬲֪ɲԴӦһҪ󣿡
һЦ׽кҪ󣬾
ϵİԨ⿪С׻ص
ϵЦһ΢΢ǰ㣬˫ϥϣһ־˵ѹСף׽սĵߣΪһ̣
Сɺ컢ĿУ޷εɭɭɱӿӣ֮䶼֪αðԨԨɽҪڵһ봫оѪô
޵˲ţЩתգнһЩ֮ɫǰĻԨɽľô
ɽۣǲһ˰
׽ȻӣõЩ⣬Ͼ׽жôǿʢ˧ȴǲ˲ٰ
ɫСףƻصܺ桭ԱֻܣΪνգ㣿ĪǣΪҵʲôɽ
һ仰䣬ǷɭĿ⣬ȴǿСһֱδ˵ֶ
޵УһĿҲǿʼתƣȻɵؿֶΪĴڣ׽Ÿ˧ӣ
ôһСɵ࣬Ȼܸ׽ô
ѡ
һĿע£ֶеľƱͻȻŶ£̧ͷǶԺɫ֮ͫϵӣ
˧СԨɽΪƴҲκεоѪһ룬Ҳܹܡ
˴ֶһ٣ͫһʵʰıɱ⣬Ҳڴʱ籩ϯ
ǧ򲻸ãøְԨͼв
ֶɫһЦ¶ɭɭ
ֵֶܣֲֻɫƣԽ졭ծģ
ž˽ڴʱĿɿڴ


һǧʮ Ե׼
޵֮УһƬţ˵ӣǳһȻ״̬Щ㱵ǰϯλϵ꣬һЩ䣬ЩǰĻʵԡ
ծġ
һЩ˶һۣ֣оֶǹ˵ֻҪС۵İϵˣԨɽװͬʱҲսİ˴˧֮һ
̤ԲĶǿߣǾת־Ҳһ֮ң
ڣȥСɵ꣬ȴҪծһĻȥԻֻǲ֪ΪʲôеЦܹΪһԣǱϾҲͨˣǰֶȥӦҲǱȴ޼ɵؽֻ˵˳ϣҲûгʲôη֮ɫ
ֱֶ֣֪ĻӦҲӵһЩšȻ˲ŴӺζ½۵ĻҲЩԵ޴ġ
޵ǰոṆ̀˽ͨǣЩǲԶ֪꣬Сֶᷢѣû뵽ֶȻ˵İ
һǳ׵׵ûͷ·˰
ϣ屣΢΢ǰ㣬һ˫Ŀضֶз·һѪ˿ڻ
ծ
һѣЦ嶶ţǴЦŵľ޵дƬ̺Żصͷųɭӿծûʸ񣡡
ԣ
С׻Ŀ֮У׹Ⱪӿһ͵ǰʯ֮ϣʯХž˵ľݺݵغӡ
飡
һȴ˿ʯھлʱƾձȻΪĩƮ
ҽץȵ
ৣ
ɽɽԼ˲Ŀ׺ݼ䣬ȴǲһЩԾɫ΢һԵĳͨˣȴǼƽžƱɫá
ǻ翿һСףҧҧҲδվ֡
ͨڸʲôŭȳ
ͨ˶һۣͬ׹ӿǱϾҲһЩѪԣ޷ˣȻˣǾƴ˰ɡ
Ҫʲô㲻Ǻôͨҧҧ
Ǿҷ˧ɣԨˣɽɽЦУȷǳһЩң棬ǵϣ˭뵽ŴУȻ˶˷ģ
޵ǰһĻҲõЩ𶯣ǰʲôգ
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ǳͨˣеҲŨ˿Сף׽û̶һʱ䣬Ȼ߷˱󽫡
翣ĪҲ׽Ա
ͻȻת˻翣󽫲ͬӶǵıҪСס
ҧҧ촽ԥһ£ǷӦҲˣյ£˧ܹһЩȻԨɽʵ½⵽ش
ӵһЦЩ㲻ùˣ˵öԣǷҵҲ㹻ӽԺԨɽ
ݲͬľèҲǰ˴֮һϣȻʲôԨȻЩ֪ԨɽҲǾŭ
ȻӱҲǰԨ壬ȻǲܻΪȥһͬΪ˴֮һʵս
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·Щ˸Ŀ⣬ȴδᣬУЩֻһЩˣŻ֪ЩȻʲôġ
ֻǣΪ˶žԺٳգҪһЩֶ˰
ͨһᣬʮϢ֮󣬶ס׽£Լ̣ӵص
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ʮϢת˲ҲӿϺݶ֮⣬һգһɫǳУһգȻ󱬡
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Ǻ֮ǰǵɫʲôڻŰԨĻ´ʱǱ
ڵİԨѾҽˡֶӵһ˱ݣŵسЦ

һɫЩ࣬תͷֶһӣŤÿɲǵҽס֮һһٵԨúõسζ
㣡
СǱ𣬹ԪۣǻΪڰ⻢ΣֱǻΪһڹ⣬ݺݵغӡ
ڹĺӣȻڼײʱֻôһڹ˸һӰͬӰӰǰ
أ
·ȭײһһϢǽϯӰǵשʯֱӻΪĩ
ɢĿȥֻԣһӰֳȫںӰУΨɢԪǿʵ
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ͨǵӰ΢ȴûгԾ֪Ĵڡ
ֶĿ⿴һӰͬûʲô⣬ԲʵӰȷͦ
֪Ļɱ⣬Ϊֻ׼ɣЦ
һԲӰ֮аˡֶ΢΢һЦ
ô
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޵֮У͵һһλ˧
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Ц֮ͻȻҲڴʱ֮쳹ȻǾ޵Ϸ磬ȻըѶʯ䣬һʨ׵ӣЯžƣڶĿ֮С
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ɱСӣұӦɭȻ
УʨĿֶһЦҼˣãԣ

ʨЦһ䣬ʨ𴫿һǻΪһ貽⣬ۣһͷڵĽʨݺݵرֶ
Ȼƣֶȴ˿
ৣ
һǳֶϷǹɼ˿񱩵ͨвɵӿϾ֮ɫ
أ
ͳ֮쳹Ƭ棬˲ȥһѷ죬֩ӳ
Ŀ⣬˲ȥǸ࡭һô
Цʨʵ£ȫһ£Ī˵ֶһѰԲǿߣ
һĿע£𽥵ˣٽţľֳ
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ȻΪԣһͨ尵ڵӰ֪ʱĳ֣һֻɫƣץʨơ
һλ˧ȫһȻ׵صֵ


һǧʮ ˧
ɫӰվֶԣ֮ڣû˿ֽȻʨûһ˿ȥ
޵У˵ͫΪһĻһЩнһŨŨľ֮ɫӿ
ӰˣǺηʥȻΪ˴˧֮һʨκβã
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ܿģ˲ԣǵӰľȻնȻûκεǣ⣬Ȼһ߿ܣ
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Ǿ޵ǰԭΪʨĳֶԸоĳͨˣҲڴʱںӰıӻ£ɽȵ꣬ߵϣЦݡ
Ī⡣
ͨǸ߸ģҲڴʱ𽥵طŻǴʱ΢ЩףΪʲô׽ǻĸԸسΪһ硣
СȣȻһֱ΢Ц˵Ĵ磬Ϊµġ
һ߿ܣҲס
ʨɫҲڴʱϵرţ͵ȳ貽֮ϱӿ˫ȭ籩ĺÿһȭӰǻΪڽʨǵصغʬ
ȻֱĹƣʬȴ˿˫ǰỬһ޵ԺɱһͨԲǿߵĿ¹ƣؽ
أ
ֻʨ͹䵽ʬ֮ϵĵͳ֮õǸеȻǣʨĹŶô׺ᣬǵӰӰȴʯȹ̣Ǵڵ֮ϵ˫ȣû˿ĺˡ
ҲͷûƫȥϣЦݣ⡣
ǿʼˣɫ콻ʨαˣĿⷺһЩ𶯵˿ʬԭЩмǱ
ӣҲǵһЩ鷳ļһﰡСӣɲ򵥡ʨһͬΪһĻһЩӣ
ܹóһ߿ԲĿܣ˭˵ֶ򵥣
ѹָԨɽҡԭеֶΡɭĿⶢֶص
ֶ΢΢һЦգеľƱǻΪĩƮɢվӣ˵ˣֵծġ
ƾǿܣ˫Ŀ΢С
ء
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˺˱ɫǾǴֶɢѹΪޣǶѹųԽʮĸ֪ѹѹҲǸΪԡ
ѹֻ巽ܹ߱¡Ȼǳһϣ
ǳͨˣһĻҲǸΪŨǷ֣ǰ꣬ǿ͸ˡ
СףӰͽɣֶ˫Ŀӣ
Сĵ㡣
Сԥһ£ȻǵͷȻֳֶʵֻСɣⷬľѡ
ʨǿܽԸΣҲӿֻһ߿ܣʰСӣǶȻʧЧ
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һܹƥԲǿߵĿܣʨΪһ֮ҲޱȵĴԼĶ
ԣƤͷʱȻû취˵κξܾĻȻóһǿĿõΪʹڿɲʱ
һᾡСӡ
˫һգڹӿڣ徹𽥵ƤѸٵرڣһƸֳɫִ̰ͬĻëƤ̶Ϣʱ䣬ӱǻΪһͷžɷϢİ֮״
˶ܹظоǰ̺֮һɿֲǹԴݻɽ
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СӣһԨɽΪֵѡһ÷أŻ֮ϣɷɢǡ
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ֶһЦżһ㣬쳹ֱǻΪһӰӶӳʱһգ׵Ȩȱֳ貵׹˸
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СҲڴʱŭѪӿɷ֮糱ˮӿȻӰѸپһһɾ˵ɢ֮һƬǽ塣
޵ȻڴʱޱȵĻң˷׷˱ܣ±⾪˵ս
ǳͨҲ˿ǵĿ⣬ǽɽ˶ţԨɽķҲͬһЩƿأֻҪֶܹӣҲĽԨɽƿ

˸׹׵Ȩȣصصǻ֮ϣԼŻ𻨱䣬ɾ˵Գγɵĳֱǽǧ֮ʯʯɷĩ
ৣ
ֶɫĮȻһͬȰسϷֱһ쳹ӰĺХֱӶҪֶȥ
Ԩ֣
ЦһͺȣһڹʱƤ֮ڹ˸壬ɫ

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ͷЩ䵽ϣĿȴâĶֶһĶȻգһȭ
Ԩȭ
ɫԪɽȭӿ·Ǻڻ̺žɱֶ

ֶգһѸڣһֱҲΪһۣ֮˿õӹƣŭ䣡
أ
ȭŭһ·ǾֹٽţһۿɼĿ³ʱϯǾ޵֮Уһ飬޵֮ϣʯϵصһ֮
˷׷ӳ޵ǼǾ޵ǳ׵رɽ·ڴʱһ¡
飡
Ƿ֮УһӰشأֱڵ˺ѳһǧɳ֣Ȼη
УһƬʯըѣɷӴ߳ĽŲжǱɷĩֿµƻƤ
ܹΪ˴˧֮һȻҲӵżǿս
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Ӵ󲽷̤ԶɵֶŭЦŷһ˦һһСɽľʯǺХݺݵضֶ˹ȥ
ǰĶȻռϷ硣
ֶ̧ͷǺХľ޴ӰǶԺɫ˫ͫУȴųȵս⿪ʼӿ
𣡡
춯ذǾʯʱ쳹˱ǼƶȻֶںХβһ˦ǽǾʯȳɷ顣
𣡺𣡺
һϵ쳹Ȼ˱Ǽٵƣһ̣һӰ֮Уڷɶ
ڣһ̣ؽԲ


һǧʮ Ԩɽ֮ս

죬һڷɣХǹǿѹϯƬԨɽ֮
ԨɽϣĿ⣬Ƿ𺳵ǵڰٵƲ֮е꣬ÿһ֮УǶܹظоһɰٵ֮ϣľʵЩ޷ΪʲôǾߵУȻֿ̺ɲ
ѹĵȷȷԴ塭ѵǰ꣬Ĵ֮еŹϵ

ͨصǰһĻһۣ죬ʱ򷽲֪ǶֶĻŶôĻ
ҡҲףΪʲôϣֶ˵ֵܹԨɽĻ
ԭȷһЩֱǮ
̤ĲҲڴʱڰٵΧеֶĿ֮УһĨ֮ɫӿֳѧô
Щ˼ɺͷ촽ŨŨɷӿš
жôǿֶΣʵȴֻСɶѣ
Ӵֱ̤ǻΪһڹⱩ;ضǱѶ޴ѷ죬һͷ˺Ѵصĺڰ֮Ŷֶȥ
𣿣
ֶ֮ͫУ̾ᣬȻǹƣȴ󺣰嫣һ̤
꣡
Ӵѷ죬֩ǧɷΧǿǱը˶ǽֻܼ˺ѿռ䣬һɲǣڹӰɽ֮ײ
أ
ɫγɵĳ˲ǱһɽֱӱɷĩһƬƬɭ֣ҲǱΪƽء
УӰţĿ𺳵·ǽ壬ȻٿǳԴͷһƬ޴İݣǰģӰӴֻȭͷһ𣬿µʵʰɢÿռһּŤ֮С
һεӲֶδ˺˿
£
кݺݵһ֮ǰĶֶȻܹӵĹȻǾ·磬ϾֻСɣӣȴԲ壡
ճһǿӲ˲嶼ñѪĭ£ֶǿ̶ȣȻǴﵽһ൱˵ĳ̶ȡ
СӣͰǰƣ˫ͫҲ̾꣬ɭȻĵ
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ֶһЦ˫ĿУսͬɽţһֵȼǿӲõѪҺЩڡ
޵Ľӽת־ֶн޵аĲΣڣȴڱһؽӽţţһ죬᳹׵Ŀεǿߣ
ʱǱֶػض֮ʱ
ʱҲõ֪ǱԪ׷ɱͬɥ֮Ȯ붫ˣٶɱˣ
ԪϹǵŰɣ
ֶ˫֮ͫУսӿһЦڣǵҵĥʯɣ
𣡡
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ٵֶȭۣ̤֮ǰֶڣֻ۳ʮƣھͻԼصĴʵȻٶž˵ľ
ȭԨɽǲǹƣء
Ҳأʱ˿̣еС
ԨǬƣ
ӺԪͬ󺣰˫֮ϣ۳һͷɫ޻޻̤첽֮УںǬ

ХÿֲĹƣٶȺХʱ䣬Ƭأǰ㾪˵Ķв
һĿ⣬ǷŨŨĺȻǽӰս׺̶ֳȣ
ʼʱ˭δ뵽Ǹ꣬Ȼܹһս˧ƴ
ս۳ɰܣֶ֮Ҳؽս￪


Ѫ⻢СѪӹһץֱӽһǧɾץУȻ䵱һַħ״̬ݺݵضǰǵӰȥ
飡
ӰҲ쳣׺ݣȭȭǧɾһƬƬغ䱬ȥʯɽһӰصسײһ
أ
ռŤӰǵȻɽ𱬶ȥʯĽӰٶȳ׺ݽ֡

һգսҲǿƼңΪ֮һʨȴ쳣ĳԱǰ߿Ĺû˿Ҫļ󣬶ҲʨĹŶôͣȴǼϳ˿ˡ
ãʬķȴǱȫֹȻõڵǱսôô
Ķ
ʨ̲סһƶȻӾ磬ʬȴǰľȻģ䣬ؽ£Ȼٶȷ
ܹŹֻ֣ӾʰСӡ
ʨɫ࣬׹ܵսֲʤӶȻãȻޣҲƣ۵ʱ򣬵ǰĿȴǲᡭԣһֱȥĻǱӡ
ˣҲֻӸϿĽֶ
뷨һ·һǾ˵սͫҲһпʼһЩ
ΪλӦЩͻȻðֶôһյʡ͵ĵư

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𽥵ڿռ֮мԭҲǽƽϢǶ԰ɫľͫٶȻر£ʧǿռ


һǧʮ ǰ
ԨɽΣֶС׵ǿƶԿ˧Ȩ⣬ѡʱȥ𽥵ɢֶҲ¿ɲ꣬˧ֻΪ޷٣ֻѡߣһõڳǵŭ𣬱ضͬϯƺˡ
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Ȼì޷⣬Ǿֻƾԭʼķˡ
ȭͷΪ
ת־ǿߣؼ䶥εĴڣʵˣģһ뢣Ƕһ֮Ҳʵѡ
ҪԿִڣֶСҲȣͬԸм֣˵ͬǰľ壬ҲǲС鷳
Ȼֶ˵ӣȻ鷳ţȻҲû˶ܵ뷨һλת־ǿߣȷ鷳ҲﲻٶֵǱӵĵزµֻȿ˧ʲôϷˡ

Ԩɽ𽥵عƽȴɰϾ˭֪ԨɽѪ˳ͻǱǰ߸ΪȻֳͻܶ˿൱Ĳǡ
ϾǿƵѪӶֻܷԨɽ˧λöδȣǵѪ־ٶһЩУǼΪ޴
δԨɽȴһƬƽ˲ǣǳԱ˻ȥѪڽʱУҲûвȡκεıжõúܶЩȻΨһЩϢ֮ͨ˷ܹ֪Ѫ˧ƺǴڱչ״̬֮УԷûʱڴʱԨɽ鷳
ԴһЩĻֻ֮˵ԸźǰЦ˶ν̫ãһʱ䣬Զﱦ⿪ʱ򣬵ʱ˧ȻأصʱȻҲԨɽùʱˡ
ʱոջ˧Ԩɽֵٶˡ

˵˧ڱչءѹֵֻһ֮塣ԨɽһУС·´鱨Ŀ⿴һԵֶü
ֶ΢΢ͷһ·Щ溬ǵĳͨˣЦλվɱɣ˧Ȼ鷳ҪԨɽҲʲô򵥵¡
ԨɽǿֶǴЦݵӣ߷·Ӳ֪ηǺһ㣬˧ֿµĶ֡
ǺǣȻֶ˶ô˵ˣҲͱˣֶ˵ı£Զܹ²ġͨˣЦ
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ʱ䣬㿴ŵԨɽɡֶվֱŴ֮ȥ
С׵ͷֶ֪ʱһֱڿžԨɽ඼δȥֶ֮Զﱦ⿪ʱ򣬵ʱս򶼽˶񣬶ֶȻҲҪʱУܵʵȻʱԵѹ
սһǻᱻԵͷʣ£֮ǰһЩɹҲ˲Ϣ䣬Ȼ޴档

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ʱУһֱ޼֮н侫ҲڲϵؾУҵ˵ȵܹһؼʱľӦñܹﵽɷʦ˶ĳ̶ȡ
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ҿֶӸȥԽıô֪ͦѵģΪֻصԵʣСŮѻʲôģ˭Ҳ
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һʱ䣬Ȼսգȴǰʱţ𽥵رûַƬţϢεɢȴʼ뿪Ϊĵ⡣
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⣬ҲǵﱦĿΪսÿ֮Ϊʢʢ£
ΪܹﱦлһЩ鱦Ħȭƣ׼һ

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󣬳ͨԼǻɾҲڿն𣬺ХһƷ֮쳹𣬵ǼΪ׳ۡ

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ѪĿ⣬ʱʱ̶̿ڶƬκͼԸֶռǿ߻һأΪսʸ֮ġ
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Ҳһ浽ʱ򣬶̼ɵˣ˭ʲôôȺ֮һ˧Ҳҷŭ

ָƬӴɽϿջصţ֮ǼΪңԶĵطܹš
ݣ
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ԨɽȻ˰˵Ԩɽ˧ǰǵһ׽׽ء
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ֶһս˧뼯˰


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һСȴŭ촸Ӱػӳ糱ˮһغǽԳ˧Ҳ˿ãת־ǿʵʩչǿײǵƣƾ춯ء

սȶΪƽĵطʬһδεضŹ˧ȥÿζǱˣõ˾ȵǣǳ˹˧ҹʬֿǹ˧ˣԸжݡ
ҵǣʬĹδﵽת־ǿߵĳ̶ȣ˶ڹ˧ҲԲ㹻в˵սֻ˵һֻˣҲ˾ȲѣϾܹסһת־ǿߵĿܣɾԲʲôѰ֮
Ǿ˵սȦҲ𽥵Щ׹Ϊʲôֶ֮ǰǰ˧ԻԭԨɽӵ㾪˵ʵ˧֣ƾ˧һˣҪѹסԨɽʤ˵¡
ˣҲף˵Ԩɽңչǳ£ת־ĳǿߣЩֶξתġ

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ĵӰһ֣һּǿѹֿƬؼԪЩҵļ
ϢǾشﵽת־
ת־ݣսƬΪ֮졣
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ӰǰһӣӰڸţĿԶԶţͻȻ
ҪҵˣӦȥɽˣҴǵ鱨òǻе鷳һ׳˶ЦЦ
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ǺǣѵеѪ԰һ˧һԣҲһЦ
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̧ĿԶԶɽڵķǶϽɫͫȴ޾ĺâͬˮӿǽýд
ҶүֵܣӻǵƤ


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ʵĺʺȻЯƥ֮ݺݵһԱȭײһ𣬾˵ĳƣ˰ϯ
Ӳ䣬Ǻ֮УʱʱػһﱻֲֿݻٶȥܿģӴУӵ൱ֲҪ価ݻ٣Ȼһת־ǿܹ쵽¡
߶ҪӴԪҪһСɵСӣֶܹã˧һȭǺХʺ˶ȥ֮쳹ա
ȷһ˧Ҳòϣ۶ɵĺ̲صת־ǿҲ޷׵Сͬģ߶ҪĵԪҲ൱ĿֲֶСɵʵܹ߶ҼǼΪĲףҪ˵ܹ̫ãһ㣬»ǲʵ
һ㣬һֱעƬսȦڶǿҲǺףԼǴһʼֶԶųȴΪܹش˧
ת־ֲ֮࣬Ǽ򵥵ֲܹģֶܹ˧ôãõ˸е𺳡
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ͳֶд˧ͫҲǶȻһоǲΧʺͻȻһּҵĲЩ棬Ȼѵļ
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˧ɫһ䣬û뵽ֶϾЩҲǲôһԱĻʧҲ̫ˣ
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ֶ壬ɫԲ԰ףһѪֳʱ˧Ȼǽʵǳ׵׵ʩչ˳
ӦֲεǿߣֶԣȷǼΪļ֡
ֶĨȥѪĿƳһԶСԳ˧սȦСףҲǿʼ𽥵ת·磬֮䣬ҲǾԳ˧ƿأѹԵĵȼʵʱƣȻ𽥵ֳ
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ֶһĻҲĿ΢΢˸һΣȴûܵ뷨Ϊ֣ٶȣչѪ˧һߡ
飡
ֶ󷽵Ŀռ䣬Ȼ˺ѿݳ˧ЦҲǴУ֮ȭһֽҪ˺ذĲݺݵضֶҪкȥ˧ȻǴһ
ֶĴأ˧һȭ֮±ȥҲ˲תֻõ˧΢㵵ǣǰϣûм̫ľžǺУһַš

˧ɭȻȣȭٶһȭǱУֶжǿᣬɣ
ֶУ˸һһֳʹ⻪ȻӲ˧һȭӲȥ
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СĨȥǵѪЩǵؿֱȾѪֶһۣʱ״ҲΪĲңһѪۣȻ֮ǰҲǾһ൱ҵѪս
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ƾʵһת־ǿ߱ƵöȫʵѾǿˡֶЦЦ꣬Ѿܶˡ
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ֶƳһǻ˧ʬ˵ӳɹƾʱʬȻ޷Ĵܺߡ
Щ鷳ߡֶ΢΢üչ黹Сת־ǿߣֻ˧һˣõú͵ʴףϧת־ǳһЩԤϡ
ҪߣסԨɽ͵ʱˡ
ֶ΢ЩźԭԨɽһӣӪúãԺǻضһģƺû취ȥˡ
ֻҪû£ԨɽˡС׵νУԨɽֻһ߶ѣֶôŪôŪа
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׽ܲļһЩܹ꣬ƾԲʵұƵһˣǵһѹܹӣǿ̫ˡ
Գ˧źɫ֮ϵĽףһЩĴӡȻǰС׵ĹƣǸ˲С鷳
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СеľŶ񴸣׺ݵضŽԳ˧彫ֶ
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һǱӰԶʱ˧൱Ť˷ôû뵽ԼᱻֶƵ˵ǱЩˣ
ԣһ裬رǵ֮棡
Գ˧һ˧ƣƤҲ̲סʵֲ٣ҪѺŪƶףû뵽¡һǲ򵥰
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ǵȻǰϤȻǰȻǰİԵȴõֶСȻתֻԶգϺڹ⻪ϯĵӰ̤նǰһݣģĺꡣ
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˭֪ͻȻֵĲ֮ͣʲô·
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ӽ񣬸ղŵĻ˵һ飿


һǧʮһ ֵܣվ
Ϻڹ⻪ĵӰ̤գǰ꣬ſŲЦݽԶ˧˸š
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ɽǿȴڴʱ̲סس鴤һ£ʵЩ޷󣬾Ȼ˧ǰ˵ĳƺ
˧ת־ĳǿߣ廹һ˿֮Ѫ˵ȷ޷Щ߽ȴ˧ΪĵطϾ޽磬ǿܹɣܹѪ島һǰĹϵҲǻõһּɵ
ڣ˧ΪݣȴǰǿУνӽ񡭡˴ʱȥ˧ӣ֪εŭ
㡭˵ʲô
ҲȷϣǿոʱԶ˧ɫǾ䣬ɱһӱӿ˳ͬǰϲΣղǱ֣⿡ࡣ
˧ԣԳ˧ɫصĵӰٶȻϺɫͻȻֵĲ֮ͣȻࡣ
õĿŭе˧ǶԷϽɫ˫֮ͫУһ˹ӷȴͬˮӿ
ղ˵ҪʬΣָָ·ֶˣ΢΢һЦ
ͫһ׹ǰˣȻԨɽԮ
ԭǰ֡СӾʲô·Գ˧Ҳ΢ֶЩɲôû뵽ֶȻʶǿߡ
뱣ǣûʸ񣡡˧
ʸ񣿡
괽һĨ̱ļһһϺڹâͬɽ緢һǧӴϽ䱳չǶϽĳ֣һ쳣ֲѹ˲Ƭء
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Ƭɽֿµѹ˧ɫҲڴʱ쳣ѿ֮УͬŲС𶯡
ģֶʲôˣôʶˣ˧УҲڴʱ̲סطŭ־ƿصĸоõжµ
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Գ˧ԭصɫǽ࣬ƶ̲ס΢һ£ȻĿ£ҲǼΪ
İԵ޽綼ǳģ޽磬ͬΪİ壬ҲԸͷۣΪ壬ٻһЩԼ֣ȴȫЩСģϵĳϵģϵĳȥᷢ׷ɱǿߣǵء
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ֱĿɿڴͷ亹ֱðӣۼʶİԵ̶Ⱦʲôزˡ
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˧ŭû뵽Լ˲Էǲƣû˿ֵĴ㡣
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߽ĴڣѪǿ̶˵˧˱³ˣͬȼȻת־ǿߣǸΪ
˧ɫѿӶԷϢѹȣǸܵΪףĽ֣ǱؽǶ֣οһԣֶСڻһȻת־ʵҲһ̣رǰֶʩչĹ˧Ϊ֮ļ¡
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СӡȻֱ˧Ҳҡͷôû뵽ֶȻʶôѡ
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ͨͷѹзڵ𶯣ܿģ͵ʲôСһֱڳƺֶΪ硭ȻӵżߵλĿ꣬ȴǶ硭Ҳ˵ֵܼ䣬Ȼֶϴ
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վֶǰһֱĸ߰ôӲκ˵ͷļһʼ磬ҲֶͨЩȻɴͫһνһֱΪЩŤĳƺѵؽ˳


һǧʮ Ե
硣
ִǿѵؽгʱƬصգ·ôһ˲䡣
ǿһĻͣһĨڵľԼ𶯣ǰǿ֣չ¶ԼԵְԵȴ˸еˬһӦ˵ĸоΪǿ꣬޽У԰Եİ֮һ
Ƕǿ겢˽⣬ȴܹ֮еĸְ߰죬أ룬¾ֻ̤ص۷ǿߣõ߰ļһ۷ɡ
ȻڡֹԵĸ߰ͷ۵ȴվ俴ȥƺ£ʵҪǰгһõķĳƺ
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Ϊͬǵһμ߰Ȼƺһһ硭ǲɣΪת־ǿߵǸױȵĸ߰ҲףҪõһȻĽгѣﵽ˺־˵ĳ̶ȡ
ǺǣôһμͬһһĻͬ˺Ƭ̣΢Ц
һԵλת־ǿߣҲЩȵصͷĿصؽֶţֻ֪СгƺҪһΪҪѣȴû뵽˵ĹϵȻֵز
ͬΪһ֮ˣǶСԸ˽⣬ټ֮еݣĪ˵ˣгСǸΨҶİģ˵㣬ҲЩϼһôӵۣ֪ƽ˭С֣¾ر治ɫĶҲĿɿڴɡ
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û̫뷨ֶֻ֪Сĳʲô⣬ôضԪţʬҰΪˣϧκδۡ
㵹ߵ鷳ǵﰡСɿ˫ۣЦ
Ϊڻصʱ㹻Ҳֻ˰ֶҡҡͷȷ˧ܷͬ
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С˫Ŀ΢һ£ͫٶӿЦϹҿһֱء
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ڶүûסǣ˭Ҷǣү
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Գ˧˧Ļȴһãһҧֱ˧ѿɫѸٺˡ
λѣյ£ǲٲ룬֮ǰеλѵĵطڴ˸һ
Գ˧ˣңңضСȭ֣ǱϾֻɵӲŻȥҼǲˣԷת־ʵҲܹԸģȻС̨ףȻֵȥں˧ʲôǼֱ˵ЦΪ۲ﱦ⣬ǲŲԸ˧Ԩɽ֮
ɽڶǿ߼һĻͣСĿη壬ʲôͽֻһ仰ǱƵ˧ò˾֡

ͨҲ죬ʵЩȣս򣬽Գ˧Լ˧൱ͳߣȻڣսͷĳǿߣȴǱһԱˡ
ǵĿ⣬͵͵ؿԶСӰȻЩӵؿһǰֶ꣬ԽԽɲ˰
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СһʱǶǧٶ䱳չԵϺһ貹ֱµѹء
Сʵǳ׵׵Ļָ


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ֶ΢΢ͷӶεϣóһЩ֮ɫҲЩ𶯣徿ʲô£Ȼ˵Ľ
ǱɣǻðһЩԨɽ¡ֶ룬
ãԨɽֶС磬ԨɽֶСģʱ䣬˭а춯Ī˵㣬嶼Źγ˵ţɨ˧һۣ߶ʱεͷû˰ĿµֱóأֶȻǳһ弫ҪˣĻ嶼뱣
ǺǣǱɡֶЦŵͷ
μ״ҲͲٶ˵ٶȱȭȻǴ˧ѸȥǵȥƬؼҲ𽥵ɻֶĿУһЩ𶯣ǰǻųԺս򣬻˭ҵԨɽ
˭󵽣һҫ۵ССԨɽȴǸĴ֮еԼ嶼ǳôĹϵ
ʱ˿̣ЩڶǿԼǳ׵׵ۺֶﱦ˼һһЩ̾벻𽥵ش˳ɽ
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һǧʮ ǰ
ֶ˵ĿأԨɽһƬ֮Уɽ֮֮£ԨɽһЩ൱ϵǿ߶ǸеѪڣ˭뵽һս򲢲ԨɽȻܹεͷ˧˿Ĳ
ֳɾͣõòԨɽ˸еһڵԺԺȻͳʱǵģʱԨɽҪѪ׳Ƴ˵ǿʾ㲻ʲô΢£ϣܹûϲ˸Ӷ
ÿһԨɽ˶ӴԺԨɽսĵλضᳬԽѪΪǿӶΪս֮Ϊҫ۵Ĵڡ
սҲӵԨɽĵ
˵һЩԨɽǿ߻ΪһЩ϶ԼͬУôڵǣؿʼͬҾηε˧
ţ˧Լλʼնδ˿͸ͳ£Ԩɽһ쳹

һɽ֮ϣֶ·쳣뻶ڵԨɽҲ³һ˧ʱԭΪǽԨɽû뵽վܱⷬģ
һʱ䵹ǹͦʵģħƬĵطҵҲһʱ䡭
ͻȻЦӺ󷽴ֶתͷȻǼһʯϣСţžƺԱߣĸ׳Сס
ȷͦʵġ
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үЩùصʱˣһϵеķ󷽲֮˽ҾȻȥȻǱչصʮ֮ǰ
С죬žƺһڣĬЦʱһΪⱲӶһء
Ƕ󣬿ɲôˡСԴЦʱȻû˰Ԩɽ֮ǰ
СЦЦ޳ָصھƺϣ૵Ϲֻͦݵİ
ɽϣĿ·һ˲ԭЦݵӣڴʱӿЩǵɫħ£һֱһݺݴеļ̡
ĳֽǶ˵ֵֶнڸԵİȻħʱȴǱ׷ɱɥ֮Ȯһ˶ֶ˱˳˵ڡ
ү峤ֱɱضֻϹˡСƲƲ죬УȴŴ̹ǵɱתš

ֶЦЦҲһԵʯΪɱ죬ô꣬һ꣬ʲô
ʵȷǿ󣬲Ͼ붫̫֮ңԶһ׻Щĳɷ
ǵ뿪ʱҶֻϹ˵Ļô
ֶƫͷСС׶ˣǵЦȴ纮˵ֵػضʱԪ֮ա
ԤСһ죬ѾԶˡ
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ССĴУһֱעһɳĸĸļ塣
ǸΪڵУʦֵܣһΪַңΪ˱ȫԸӦԵȴůŮ
Ƭ򣬻һõ޷Ůӣֶϳвϣȴף߳вСأΪ׷ץסǵ꼻һֺѩȥٻӰ
ǸԶĵطһһֱͬƨŮֻǲ֪Ǻڰֹ֮Σԭ˵ҪվǰΪеķˣһǰġ

ֶ³һŰǴȴһĨȻŶ͡
Űɡܿ죬Ҿܻˡ

ʱ䣬ת˲ԨɽַǷԷӵЩҪԨɽƿ뷨ٶȶȻԸַʽŶԨɽҳϣɽ֮¹ԨɽսеȻǴﵽһ൱˵ĵز
Щ£ֶҲȫС״ųͨ˵ЭСҲܹԨɽ׵ƿţС׹׺ӣΪ֮ӵеģǿʳĵطѹľƿأ
Ϊĵֶ֣еﴢҲǴﵽһ־˵ĳ̶ȣ˵Ѱڿۣںܶǿ˵һֿɵõĶԣڻصԨɽҲŵ䣬Ԩɽǻһ⵹õóͨ˼ѡ
֮⣬ֶҲѡһ価ؽСףЩװɾʱװϣ֧ӵսؽﵽһ൱˵ĳ̶ȣʱС֧ӵԿһת־ǿߡ
ԨɽֵܾӪӣպػضʱضŲСãڵԨɽȻʵδﵽ̶ֳȣˣԨɽܹţջ󣬲ڼݵǿߣ̲סͶԨɽֻҪǼԨɽСԻֶõչġ
ţ֮ԨɽʵǽγɷԾʱԨɽܹΪֶػضʱһǿ֮ƣ

һǰ壿Ԩɽһ֮ǰСüֶձյִ֮ڣֶҲᶯǰ塣
õģҪʲôͷְ취ֶЦЦֻߺС͵ðæŵˡ
ţһһʱ䡣
Сͷ֮Ҳû壬лΪһ峤ˣʧô꣬һЩԭѹסļһҲЩ٣үĶҪߣûôף
СǿϣȻɫӹЩˣҲ൱ķŭ
Ҵұȥ㡣ֶüͷ΢壬СҲҪһЩֵⰡ
ģҪаæĵطҿɲСͷǣϾǵǰСֶ˵Сɵʵ֪֪׵СȴǺСһĻ³൱ҡ
ֶ΢΢һЦ˵ɫһ̧ͷֻңԶżƷӰ˲ư˺ѿռ䣬˸䣬ǳƬ֮ϣֳǶζˡ
ֶС磬׼ˣοֶЦʵ
ɣδ硣
ֶ˵ͷǺ֮УȴһЩڴ֮ɫӿͬΪİ֮һ壬ҲǺúܰ


һǧʮ 
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һƬĴأ֮ϣһɽţһƬƬԶɭɰĹϾһСɽĴţɢ֦Ҷ˷ԲǧɵķΧһŨŨç֮ӿؼ䡣
ϣʱʱػ޺֮صţ֮УҰѱ
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Ϊ޽Ĵ֮һ޽ĵλȻǴڽ⣬ǵĵ̷Χ֮ڸεˣ¶Ѱ
ˡ
ƬçĴϿգռͻȻŤſռгΣӰ߳ϸȥսֶˡ
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ǺǣƬֻԼѲܽ룬ʮ֮ڣǲڵġЦ
ֶ죬忴ҲͦԵİֱǻΪʵ°ԵһЩҲӦãϾ磬ܹȭͷΪʵǿˣǹ޷ơ
߰ɣֶС磬ĵشܿܵˡЦڼֶͷŷӶǰ·
·̵δʱ䣬һСʱһ˱򣬶룬ؼԪҲԽԽŨúЩʪΪԪ浽һĳ̶Ⱥ󣬷ֵܹľ
ֶ̾һĻɫһĿǰĿռ䣬һЩŤļһεϣ⡣
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γֶЦһ£ȻһգâۣΪһͼڣͼһС̾䣬Լһʵѹ
𣡡
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߰ɡ߳Ȼһ̤ѷ֮УֶԥҲǽϡ
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⡭
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ԪԶʱ򷽲ŴڵӵԪĹܣֻҪ̽Ԫܹ൱Ԫ¼䣬ϢԴԴοֶе𶯣ɵóܵ
Ԫ
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ֶӣһЦǰŮĻУƺһ㲻ƣǲ棬ƺһ൱ĴζĳƺֶòƲµ˵ʲô


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Ůҧҧ촽ĵ˵ȻϣֶǱ⣬ΪĳЩԵϱǱ쳣ľǿ£Ҳöת߶ȥ
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μ״ٶǰ·ֶ棬Žڵƾĸ֪زƬ֮У޵һ޶ǿϢҲʱʱػһεĲӹֶ壬ëЩ֪ȻһЩǿ߲̽
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ǺǣСѲؿ˷壬󡣡
ԪǬλãǷ԰׵ЦЦǶԿƻʵĿ⻺ɨֶȻ΢΢£˭Ҳ֪ʲô
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Ӧѹ˰ɡħʴǿģٹü꣬ܳ׵ͻѹʱ򡭡Ҳᱻʴ档ֶЩħĽ٣ҼʯԼǶħ쳣УԺܶħйصĶһ۱ɿߡ
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ֶȷ鷳ȻǡԶŻ̶Ҫ󣬵ϧ飬㲻ӵʯԼѹħħ֮һ
Щˣ浱ܹأ


һǧһ 
ԪǬֶ˻ɫһ£ǰһЦֶСѾͲЩôȻƼ㣬ӦЩġ
ֶͬǿЦ̾һָǰǺ޾ħ󣬵ħѾﵽһֲּĳ̶ȣȻЩֶΣұϾСɵʵ幹ѹѾǿˣסҲûʲô취ġ
ֶ˻ȷ٣ǰľƣѾԽܹԸļޣѹħ󷨣Ϊ൱ֲסΣ
ԪǬֶģҲ֪˵٣ǳĬϣŽ֮ɫӹһƿƲסȻشʱ˵Ҫ֮ء
ιʦô㣬㲻ڻô޲߰ɣ
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ԪǬ˳Ĭʱвùֶ״ҲΣֻתǰⷭſֲħĺ
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ֻ˵ͺڰйϵ˵ĶǺڰħܹ֮ѹô꣬ȫΪĴڡҵص

ֶͫ͵һеһĪǡǺڰ֮
ʵ޷ڰйϵһӵѹħֲֿʵԶʱλڰ֮֮⣬кˣ
ţֻǲ֪Ƿڳ˯֮УҪ⣬ҪæСҵ
ֶĿ⿴˿ħӿħһЦ㲻Ҫȥɣ
£ȴǼҳĬǶ̲ס鴤һ£һﾹȻ˵ģ
أֶǰħת־ǿ߶Ҵȥο
ҪԪǬȥɣֻؾʵҲ̫Щħʴ
ԪǬû޷Ӧڰ֮λã滹Ҫִ֣Ϸħй¶ЦЦЦֶƺһЩֻζһֵͷӴܵĳ嶯æҲ̫Σ˰ɣ
ħ֮ѹżħʱƣǻ𽥵رĨɱڳ©ǹһ񣬵ʱùĲ壬ӵƿߣ׵塣ҵص
Ǳȥˣֶҧҧû뵽龹ȻҲȥ
˰ɣԼ£ħȻֲԼһЩħǲõġ£ұǳĬȥ·ڵֶ¾
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ֶСѣôˣһЩͳԪǬǰɫϱõֶһ£󿪿ʵ
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ŶֶСа취ô˻ԪǬԼЩ峤Ͼһæʵ
ԪǬ峤ħ棬Ӧһɣֶָħ
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Ҫµ鷳ҵȥһλǰֶĸεص
ȥô˻ԪǬ˽һǿǺħ֮ħĿֲԪǬʵжСֶȥô
İɣֶΣҲǰҲȷû취ˡֶͷ
ԪǬ״һգһö۱ǳУݸֶΣգһ㡣
ֶҲûֱӽӹ֪ҪȥµȷͦΣգһرҲá
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ֶ΢΢ͷ΢ƽһ㣬ðŴ͸飬ǡԶŻ̶ôҲȥɣ
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ҲǵͷԪǬ˫ָĿضħ૵ϣܹ鷳ɣȻĻԣһСѰ
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ԪǬͷƺһԶŻĴ˭Ҳ̫ϣֶܹҵɡ


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֮Уֶ΢˫ĿӿܵҪӦħ֮еλ˵еĺڰ֮Ĵڡ
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ͻûִħƬħֻǴħй¶İˣôƬħܵħֶһЩùҷ̵سѡ
ֶԣһиʵЩʱҲֻҧͷħ֮·ٵشȥ
ֶɿشħ֮УҲǷ֣Խ룬·صдܳħҲŨһĸо⵹õֶЩľӵ壬ȻĻ´ʱǱħʴɥʧǡ
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ֶǰģһƬͷĺڰ֣֮ϣźڰģϸȥڰЩƣƺһӴ󷨣ֻϣȴǳһЩѷ죬һɹħѷ͸Ϸħ
ߴ͸ǰɫĹ֣ܹУĺڰ֮ÿһ֮ϣһ޴ޱȵĺɫƣȥһһЩɫ֮ϣŹϵķģһּǿĲɢ
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ֶǶѵͷƤ˲䷢μæӶ

ӳ˲䣬Ǻڰ֮У͵ҰްϯΪһͷǧӴħצضֶȥ
ֶа񲨶ɫ䣬ܹħ֮дŴҶײеʶȻǲһڶǿħ۶ɣƺڰķӡʶҲ̫ⲢǴֶϸܵǹ൱Ĳ
ৣ
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Сģ
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ֶ˲ֹͣȻǼһϵĺɫȻ֮б·͸գһ£ǳֶǰԺХЯһ޷ݵĿֱؽ׷ħȥ

ħĲҽͬʱ
ߺˣҾű˯
ħͬһ˲䣬ϵӰҲǻǽǧµ˫֮УһƬ֮УһزĿѹ


һǧһ ڰ֮
ڰžħֶǻ˫ϸӰɫȴǱ쳣ܹظоʱ˿̣һɿֲ޷ݵϢǵɫ֮ϵӰ
ǹϢܿıħڰ֮Ƿ֮ԭڴڴʱһЩԼη塣
ڰ֮
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ݣ
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Сʦãİɡǻ׷ʦĽŲģΪҲֻ㣬ܴﵽһˡ


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ôȥôöûŮջ̲סسһЩϾǰ飬ǹϵ尡
ӦǴħȥħԪǬص
ħ峤ǽȥһ峤ϾȵصȻħҲЩ˽⡣
ԪǬͷҲ̽ҪħڣȴǱŪ൱ǱħǹܵϢЩľҲҹЩصϹǶħڵǵڣǼɻĪԸ̸
˵λħڣҪҵֻܽȥѰңƼҲһЩԭ򡣡
λҲǵ˵ͷڵĻֻܿܲܰȫػ˰
һЩ۹ɡԪǬһЦ˫ָ˫Ŀ΢գȻȴ˼״ҲֻĵĲصȴš
һȣǰСʱȥв˸ΪŨʱԪǬ΢յ˫ĿȴǶȻĿⷺϲɫħһ
ݣ
ħͻȻȶһӰȻӶ׹⣬һƬƬƶħֱӾؾȥ
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Ҫѹħʱ뿪ԺġֶҲƫͷǷӿħ֪úڰ֮뿪ħʱʱؼ䣬൱
ԪǬͷҲͲٶʣָƬħⶫҲֵͦģô
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ԪǬһĻнǸһĨɫȻû뵽ֶЧ˾ˡ
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ԪǬ˫Ŀ΢Уħħ֮еλֶСѵĶ
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ħǱöڰħ龻ֶеʣöⶫȻû㽻壬Ժʱյöԣת־ǿ߰ˣø൱ҵĴۡ
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⣬ε£鷳ֶСˡ
ֶ˰֣Ϊ壺ԪǬ峤ĻΪƿߣħҵΡ
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ԪǬһЦЦЩ⣬Ҳ֪Ƿ񿴳ֶ˻ԲԣŵֶСʲôҪĵطܹĻزġ
͵仰
ֶ̲סð仰浣ԪǬĲؽ棬ʱ޵Ŀ¾͵ˣðΣȥȥ㱻ڰ֮һиɵǲõôʵ˵ȥ
ȡȻ峤ô˵ֶͲˡ
ֶԪǬϵЦá
Ҷû̫Ҫֻϣ峤ܴӦȥǡԶŻ̶һݡ


һǧһ 
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ԪǬǰֶŲŲЦݵӣһ£̲סеŹ֣⻹ûҪ
ԶŻ̶رÿһǿ߼ʱ뻯̶֮ڣȻɢȥΪݹǣǵǻ뻯̶ôۻ֮У̶֮۵ҲǴﵽһ൱ֲĳ̶ȡ
ҪԶŻ̶֮ڣ˿ɽչԶŻ̶꿪һΣÿνУָֻ
Ϊÿһ֮ڶһҵʤˣʸýԶŻ̶ʸ񣬲ؼǣһεǾҾ󣬶ȷѡ
ֶҪ΢е˵㡣
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ڰӿֺ޹ߵĻ̶֮ף·ʱĸȻŶȥ
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͡
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롭Զǿ²Ǽ򵥵⿿ջ̶ӵеġֶԴЩμ䣬ҳҲڴʱ
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ŮǴŽĺ͸ңԶʱգֶģʶ֮УǾһ̶ˮͶһʯȻ䵴

ͼɢȥڴʱ͵ѣٵĺڰһͬˮһ㣬ѡ
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֮أ

ֶص֮ʱԶңԶ޷Ķ򣬵ڵһľɽ֮С
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ȥûһҵĶ
ӰĹʧŮƽȴǻ֮ϡ


һǧһһʮ Զ
ž³ĹϴУֶһֺɫɫĹǺ΢Щʧû뵽⻯̶֮УȻ֮ء
ǻԶǵĹؼ֮е㾪ȵҲڴʱ
ֶͷ֮أڻ̶ڣҪǱԾֵ̽طͷžȻһ൱޴Σյ飬֮ǰֶ֮ͣЩǺڰ֮гȥֱ󳹳׵׵ػΪ̶һӡ
ΨЩǾˣһܹסֺڰʴ֮ˣշܹԶǵĻԵ
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ԪǬЩ˴峤ϣһ۾Щ䱸ֶҲǱŪΪͷֶֻۣǻԶǻ˵һ㣬ȻҲ൱ĺҲõЩ϶޷ܣϧǣõģȴ嶼Ψһߵĺǡ
壬Ϊ˺˿Ц
ɽЩ߲ʱһ쳣ϵͻȻ֮쳹Щ͵ס죬ԪǬǾ㵵̧ͷǰһƬռ䣺̫ϳϣ
ֶҲ̧ͷֻĿռͻȻŤ֮״һֳͷȵˣس֮С
ԪǬ˵Ȼ൱˵ı֣ȴϸƤһͫ쳣ֻصĲֲԪǬ˿·硣
ӭ̫ϳϣЩϼ״æӭλˣǵ̬ȾȻԪǬҪ
̫ϳϣˣԪǬϲ
ٲҪˡ˵õǰЩֶǵĳһΡ
̫ϳϣ¡ԪǬЦ
˰˰֣Ƕֻذ˫Ŀֶ߽ɨӣ΢΢ͷϵϣҲһĨ֣̾û뵽ǾȻᱻһ֮á
Ϊλص̫ϳǸʲô̬ȣֶҲö˵ֻǹ֡
ǵȷҲΪ̫Ҫܵã¼ȻܻãǱԵҡ涼ͬ˵£ҲҶ˵ʲôƽص
Ͼˡһϳɵ
ظҲͬЩǰûȥ˵ص˶٣ֶ
Сѣ֪ԳΪ峤ϣų⣿
ֶԣͷ΢ϲæ֮á
Ȼóλ֮ӵżߵλ̫ϳϣΪų·
˵ͷһգʹâۣžǻΪһϽӡӡ֮ϣž˵Ĳɢ
Сѣ̷ӡ̷Ȩκ֮ʹ̷ӴԺ̷ϡ
ֶһν̷ӡϤȴܹһ̣Щ峤ԪǬɫɫ仯


һǧһһʮ 뿪
̷ϡ
ֶλ̫ϳеϽӡٿԪǬ΢ɫЩˣν̷ϣƺ֮еΡ
̫ϳϡ̷һְȨ̫ǽһˣ᲻Щףһ̲סص̷ӵĪȨҪ˵Щ϶Ҫһߣְλȫ֮֮˵Σһε̷ϣֻˣְλſ˳
ڣְλȴҪһѪ࣬ܲõǼΪ㵡
ЩҲԪǬеԥµģ̫ϳó̷ӡֻҪ̷ֳֶӡĪ˵֮ˣӵһЩѪ˶̷ܵӡѹƣ̷϶֮
Ϸ˵ظֻû䡣
̫ϳϵصԪǬ˻˻ֶ֣һЦֶСѣԸΪ̷ϣ
ֶλƵ̫ϳϣȴǰ죬ȻϵȻҲǳǶҪԣǶֶ˵ͨȻ˵ĻֱӽֶҲ󴬡
ν̷ϣȷȨС̷ֶӡĻȻҲа취Ӧԣ˵Ҳû̫Ĵۣ󻯵ĽǱ塣
˵λ̫ϳϾ̷ֶܹϣ⵹ȷõֶЩȣԭֹϵ壬඼ǹسɹ棬ظġ
Ȼ̫ϳϿ˿ڣȻҾܾ
ֶȭҲǽð취ȻĻЩʵе᲻úһǺ޹ϸС
ڸ島Ϲϵ԰һĴ֮һ޽ŲСϢսѪ˧»ЩĿɿڴӵ̷ӡֶҪʰһѪ²ѡ
̫ϳϼ״ϵҲһĨЦݸֳԺ̷ϣ棬пտԲϰһ¡
ֶνصͷʵҲף̷ȻʵȨȻ߱µʸߣҲû飬Ҷ֪島ϹϵأܹİõĻúǣż̷ӡٻһ¡
Ȼ£иˣһڣ͵뿪塣
ֶԪǬ˷壬ҪɣȥҲû˱ҪսǱ߻һЩ̯ӣҲ֪Сû壬ҲҪһЩ
š
ԪǬԣ̫ϳһۣ΢΢ͷһ֣ΣȴֶСһգҪ뿪Ļһ̡
ǡ
Ǻ󷽣ιӦһȻֶЦ߰ɣֶϡ
ֶĳƺҲ̲סؿЦһٶȳ˱ȭȻ㲻ٶתȥ
ɽϣڶ೤ֶȥӰһ̾ǳ循£ϵȴǸģ
Сһﲢһ㣬ĪռˣԺ飬˭˵أ
̫ϳ˫Ŀ΢УԼǣܹ֮־ٳǺǣɲѰܹ쵽İ
ԺΪ϶Դ֣Υ
̫ϳתЩ峤ϣǱһЩЩԣҲҷǹӦ

ա
ֶԷгʱǼڴ˴ĶΣ߼ЦǺǵشɫ׽˲٣׽УҲһ㾴⡣
ֶúǵ£дȻ൱𶯣رǵ֪̫ϳ϶¶沢ֶΪһ̷ϺǸеϲ£죬֮˵α̷һְ飬ʷ֮Уͷһ⡣
ֶС㲻ôγֶһЦʵ
սлЩ£Եûȥһˡֶҡҡͷ˵ɽһսԨɽս֮еĵλԼ˧ɸ̫ȹ̣ҲöģϾպɱضԨɽֵĵ̡
ԣҲͲͷ߰ɣռŲѾ׼ˣֶܹܿСصս򡣡
£αת·ֶҲǽϡ
֮д;Ǽ֮ˣڼֶʱɫеŹ֣ԭȻһ˿η⣬õֶĸȻ̷ϣ֮У治Ѱְλ
һɽ֮ϣĿռ䲨ֶԪǬӰλ峤ȻԶֶ
ǺǣֶСѣȻ㱾Ѫǣĳһ˵Ҳ֮ˡԪǬֶԭϵӣȴǲЦݡ
˴ռ˱ˣպҪæĵطض߾ܡֶȭ֣صصԹΪҪֽԺҲǣȴǲȡֶõľٴ룬ӮֶĺøС
һ˵Ҳò˵̫ϳֶθֻԣõͬӵһλǱ˵ѣȻѵʵ巨ۣԺ󣬼ǿȴڣ˵ҲҪֶıӻδ飬˭˵
ԪǬֶ˻൱⣬ЦеصͷȻһգһöƴСĽɫͼڱֳݸֶӴԺҲ֮ˣ̫ϳϽҸģԺ鷳㽫飬㡣
ֶԣ̲סһЦλ̫ϳϵܵĵģֶϵĺǰɣϾֶ⣬ǣ¾͵䵽˵УȻܷܺǵİԵ˵ʧ˺ǣԣȴǼ֮ʧ
ֶλ̫ϳϾǹĺǻû̫Ľ⣬ףӴԺȷ൱еĹϵɽðײá
ŲǲˡֶͼڣԪǬתͷŤĿռ䣬Ц
ֶͷٶȶԪǬ֣صرȭ񣬳ǡ
£û˿һֱӽŤռ䣬񱩵Ŀռ䲨壬Ť󳹳׵׵ʧȥ
ɽϣҵĿռ䲨𽥵عƽԪǬֶʧĵطҲһ̾ϣ̫ϳ˵εעֵðɡ


һǧһһʮ ɽ
սԨɽ
Ԩɽ֮ǰȻǻܲĹģҲ࣬һɽ䣬ǿϢӿţʱʱŶѲ߶Ŀ⣬ɨԨɽɽ⡣
ɽһսԨɽҲǳ׵׵ս֮ǵǲ˧ټֶáӵŴõúܶԼǿۺ죬˵Ԩɽ֮󲻾ãŸ·ǿӵͼ˽Ԩɽܹ
ЩˣԨɽȻҲŷޱȣһﵽһЩ׶Ⱥ󣬷ܹν׶ȣҪΪԨɽƴԼչԴܹã˵Ҫﵽ̶ֳȲס
һ㣬ЩǿҲϾѵãܹһսҲŲСߣԨɽȣսУ˧ǣܹУҲһݱϣ˼Ԩɽ̣ԴӴ
Ԩɽľٴ룬սΪ֮Ŀ˭ܹʼоͬһ̶ˮڻŰȻ֮ԨɽܹΪս֮Ϊҫ۵Ĵڡ
Ԩɽ壬Ƿ嶥֮ϣųƬΡĵһΪΰڵ֮ǰһƬӴĹ㳡ʱ㳡֮ϣһƬɫһͬʯ㾲Ӱǵϣž˵ɷ֮
ЩӰ֮ϽһְɫУ֮ϣص·䣬Щ··ǵĺչţһضǿĲ޵
עƬɫϸع۲ǻ֣ᷢǧ˵ĺȫͬһ˿˿ϢڶȻڰۣԼƺǻΪһͷӴĺڰ޻޻գ˯˭ܹо˫Ŀʱչһֺεȵı塣
ڹ㳡ΧʱʱһЩԨɽĸ߹ڿǹ㳡ϵĺɫʱȴηԼĽ˭֪֧ɾԨɽ֮սΪ˵һ֧ӣ֧ӵÿһˣװǵȹģκΪ֮ۺ졣
ȻԨɽִܹģҲΨлɾҲõúܶ˼ͷƤҪȥȻⲢһ׵飬ǽѪȵѡΣõúܶߵǿ߶ͷƤ顭
Ƭ㳡ŵΡ֮УʱĿ֧ɾ֮УʵŨŨĻ֮ɫ
ǺǣԨɽǴֱʣ¹֧ɾܹһת־ǿ߿ˡ
֮УЩΪϤϸȥȻ˧˧ԼԳ˧ˣʱ˵ģһ׵ĽԳ˧
λСɷڴʱλս֮Ϊǿû˿ľɫֻһѣԨɽӦò˵Щϻİɣ
λɽ˴ӵˣСȻû̫ĺøУԨɽҲηǣС˵ҲûԵ̫Ŀ
˧С̬ȵǸһҲڵԨɽȣǸ֮еı̬꣬ǰǿСףõеɵףڵСǻɾֵĻҲֻܻذߡ
ңԨɽǸֶļһŸĵļɵе⡣
ֵܣһǡ
Ǻǣʲô˧ӦҲֵ֪÷зԳ˧һЦ̾
СɫĮȻɽ˧֮ĶԹԨɽûϵ
Գ˧˵飬СȻΪս򣬶Ϊֵ÷з˿֮ǰɽĶС
νԴͷǽսɽ
ɽͬҲһƬĵ򣬵սСƽնǾˮˮԴɽ鴫ȥȻһЩһɽսĽֽս֮еλߵ˧׵塣
飬˧ȻҲ൱ŭɽ˾٣սŭŭһ뵽ɽʵɫе㲻̫ÿ
ɽ޽൱ΪɽļһͳĵսɢҸΪսɽֻһĴڣԡɽΪ
ɽ֮Уͷת־ʵ¸ǿƣ˧ȻҲǲҪ롰ɽȣ࣬Ҳ˧Ϊͷöĵطִ򲻹ֲˣҲֻ֮ǰŶԨɽϾԨɽʵҲĿãֵܹĻǡɽҲǻɵһЩ
˧ɽս˧⣬ʶ׵壬ǰˣս֮еҲΨй齵뿪һ;ʱ򣬼ԨɽҲ޷
˧Сףһ٣ŵߣ˷ɽ˶ﱦⲻ޹ϵǶԨɽУΪɽǽ󣬻׷Źǣ
֪λֵܣɽҲ㸴ӣΪﱦ⣬ǿ²ɵЩ
Сüͷ壬ЩȻҲ֪Ҫ˧ϴȥδҲ̫޴˵㡣
ʱ鷳ͷԨɽа취ǲġ
㣡
˧СβͷҲ̲סһŭһǰʯʱѿ
ৣ
Ȼ˧ŭʱƷ綸Ȼ쳹һӰӶĿĽǰ߶ţǴǰĻɾҲǶȻŵͳХϻص
˧Ԩɽ»ֲҰС׻Ŀɷض˧ȵ
˧ɫ࣬Ȼбŭ뵽ԨɽӪŻɾƢҲֻһߵ
˧ʵҲҲǻظɣɽ̨ͷߣˡԳ˧εص
СҲǳĬƬ̺󣬷ŵ¹ش󣬵õҴٶᡣ
ʧˣûôʱȥˡԳ˧Цһ
ȻڽԳ˧˻ʱСͻȻһ͵̧ͷſڣһӰ߽ϤЦд˿
Ǻǣһô֣λ˧ˣǱ
磡С׾ϲſڣǵӰҲһλǿλϣЦеؽ·˧ţģǸմϻֶ
ֶ˧ҲһЦ龭Ѿ֪ˣɽȷѶԸҲû취
Ŷ
Գ˧һĿЩؿֶ
ɽʵǿᣬ޷ΪŽᣬҪԸҲܼ򵥣սšһˡ
ֶ΢ЦֻЦ֮УһЩĪ⡣
һԨɽľûᰡ


һǧһһʮ 
šһ
У˧˶΢΢һ̧ͷһЦݵֶɫصʲô˼
һ˼λӦס
ֶһЦĵصսһɢɳҲҪ⡮ɽΨγˣ޷Կ
ս򱾾ǻңҪϣ̸ף˧ߵ
սȷ࣬ʮ֮߰˶ĴֻҪ˼ȻǴֶЦеص
ԨɽȻѸ͵ţȻԶԶﲻֶҪĳ̶ȣּϾʱԵ̫죬ὫԼ
£һܲĻᣬܹٳս֮ڵϣȻ֮ԨɽҲֱȡеĿȨֶȴģ𽥵õԨɽΪ֮еףʱ򣬾˧¶òԨɽ¡
˧ɫĪϵ£ĳַ˵ֻҪ׿ϣȷѶȲ󣬵һγơɽӴ˭ֶŰͬҰ뷨ͬթ˧ֺû
ֻʵʼմڲ֮䣬ҪԷͷһأɾǲܵ顣
ǺǣֻӦһ¡ɽѣûҪŪô֣ذɣ˧ЦһӵžԵƿȨʱһγˣȻҲҪһЩۿۡ
Сɽ˵СɽʱĪһ⣿ǴԴͷİ취˵λ˵սҲͽһĶֵأϣʵȻǣԺ˵ǵȽ򣬿ɲս򡭡ֶЦ
ȻλϲڸԵĵطССĻǱ㵱û˵ɡ
ֶһ仰˧ƽ͵һԵͳĿӹһĨȣӵŲʵеҰȻҲǲСǲûҪ켣ͷ뷨ǣĳ̶ֳȶԣǴﵽһֽޡ
ǲû̫˵ı˧Ȼմ˹ϵȻ֮ڸû̫ĻȨʵԺһЩ
ԣսڣǿԳΪһҪŵ޽֮УҲֻѣơɽͳһȻ˿ӣ˵ʹ
ԴǱȴް취
γˣѵа취Ҳӵű˲СıôԳ˧ɫãɽܹ֮ͳɽΪǾŷĹϽΧɽͷҲȫЧھŷ塣
ŷ壿
ֶһȻû뵽ɽȻİ֮һľŷ島ϹϵѹԳ˧Ƕ˵ļɵ
֪λֵˣҲΪǵĿɽɣ˧
ֶ˧һֵۣʱȷ޷壬ȴ島Ϲϵ
壿
Գ˧˧㶣ɫŹֵؿ˧Ҳ˧Щϵֶ˵ֻʵе㻬
ܻͣӦΪǵĿɽЩѪ嶼δ̫İο㣿˧ĵ
㣬ҡֶĿ΢ͬһ㳰ζ
ʲôʸ˵ֻ˧һŭЦΪƾǴӦ飬̫˵㡣
˧˵ҿ㣡Сɷע˧ȵ
ֶ˰֣ĿϷʵض˧޳˫ָһ䣬һϽ⻪˸һϽӡص˧ϵⶫô
˧ߣڵһʱֶУٽţһԵĽԳ˧Լ˧˱Ǽϵĳһ˿˿ȡ֮ģһŨŨԼɡ
⡭̷ӡô
˧һ㵣ŭ㾹Ͷ͵ȡ̷ӡ֪Ƕصô
̫ϳϸҵģʲô
ֶЦ˧𽥵ر䣺̷ϣΪ֮ˣ֪ײ֮
˧ɫһ䣬ŭ̷ϣôܻһ֮˵Σ
ֶɫĮȻ̷ӡƤڴʱ𽥵رþӨһɴ޷ݵѹͬˮһϯ֮ڡ
ǹѹƬ·̣ǽԳ˧ɫܹظоǹѹĴ
˴ЩӵѪǿ߶ܾ߱
˵Ŀת˧ȴǼʱɫ԰ףΪ֮ˣֶڵĺɢѹȻ൱ǿѹơ
ѹ
˧ĿΡΡضֶĿ⣬·ǿ͸ֶ壬ӨĹһ̾ᣬ֮䣬޾ϡ
ǡѵӵԶǣ
˧̲סʧֶܹǵǿᣬŨѹֻԶǷܹ߱
ֶ΢ƲýͣԶܹס˧ҲûǱҪȥˣһҲǺõġ
ȥԶŻ̶һȦڣ㻹ʲôôֶƽص
ԶŻ̶
˧ҲĿʥأǣеȲΣܹ뻯̶Ѫ̶ҲϧǣûнеʸȻ֮ˣУֻڱԵΪҲǴﵽת־ʵϿɶǼѵġ
̷ϡ
˧ջǴʧ֮ѹȻæֶһ֮֮ڣɭϣ̷ϸӵŽ峤ȨףǵΪ̷ϵֶǻԲ˶ߡ
ʱжֶĲֶ̬е̷ӡ֮˶ѹЧףֶҪ̷ӡʰ»ἫǱ
ڽѱļһѱֶҲ΢΢һ˻̷֣ϣγˣһӵıӻڣǻʲôô
˧
ȻԶŻ̶˺ѽ룬ԺҿΪһЩ취ֶһЦ
˧ԣ΢̧ͷĿЩֶݺݵͷһԣ
ֶջõ޷ܾ
λλѾһ峤ѡˣǳɹպƿ壬ʱҲԼ島ϹϵʲôӦסֶתԳ˧ˣЦݡ
Գ˧죬֮ɫӿӵܣǵض޽磡
٣޽磬ǼΪĺ
ԣھݵ֮˶ӣصͷ
ã
ֶڵͷˣ֮ҲһĨЦ¶ĴҪȥ¾Ͳô˰


һǧһһʮ 
ڣ˧˵ĵͷնʱЩɻһԵĳͨĿɿڴؽֶţʵе޷Ŷ̶̲ʱʱУֶȻȰ˳ưսʮʱ󶥼
ΪսˣǶƬҵ൱˽⣬ҪͳһȻһ׵£谭˧Ȼڣ谭ȴֶЦ֮£֧顣
ǵĵͷս򣬾ӵһͳĿܣ
󣬵ʱս֮ڣؽᵮһӴᳬԽսκεĴڣǷ޽磬ӵŲС
治ֶˡ
ͨĵضһۣǴӶԷпһĨֵľ̾𺳣飬սҲΨܹ
ȻλӦǱɽϢųսѾãĴˣӦҲһЩ谭Щ谭λӦ֪νɣֶ΢Ц˧ˣ
ģִģľٶǱȻģǻøɸɾ˧һЦЦ֮ɷǶսķͬ˽⣬ⲻʲô⣬ǷԵģɱ˱ǣһЩԴҲҶ˵ʲô
֮УѪ⡣
ֶ΢΢ͷ῿ʯΣϵ£ʱ޷ɣȻҶͬһҲͬЭµѹأȻҲҪһͬȹ
˵˵νġ̨ɣҵҪ⡮ɽж衣
Գ˧ͷ֮սһͬսƴ˫һսԡɽѡˡ̨ʽʵ˵ҲǼ򵥣һ̨ˣֻǣʸμӡ̨ģﵽת־ӽʵ
̨ʤԳˣɽͷߣת־ΨˣȻټԼ˧Ҳǡ
С׵Ըһת־леǿֶü
磬̨ʽϳϻɾСЦټսǵĻɾӵŶԸһת־ʵ
ֶԣŵͷ˻Σ
Գ˧˶һۣͳصսһ뽮򣬲ɽ򣬵ȻˣҲûһɽ򣬲ս򡣡
ô˻ֶĶƤ̲סս򡭡ǶôӴĵ̣̺ŶԴⳡսһİ
ǲӦ̨ʽɽᷢսʱˣǳʧȥսƿȨ˧
ֶ΢΢ͷӴսȣȻ̨øΪĸɴࡣ
λֵܻĻǴ˷ǲþɽͷ˧ڵ
ֶƫͷһСףҡҡͷǰЩʱͻˣƺЩ£Դ˷޷֡
˧ԣӹһĨʧ֮ɫСڵĻݣǾŷ壬Ҳ΢ɵһ¡
õģȻǴӦϣµѹأȻæɹֶĿ΢ƽû̫Ĳ
˧˿˿ɫֶȻ΢΢ͷʱ䲻ܹظоĺʵɢѹǶĸľһ뵽֮ǰֶǶʱеҲ΢΢һ£ǰˣɲԳ֮һ㣬ˡ
ǲûŴʱܹսʤɽֻҪܹսƽ֣ƵɵսĻսǱܹΪʤ
սʤԷͷʱô࣬ѳ̶ȣֶС׵ļˡ
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ΪҲǰԳ˧߶һǵͷͬ
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ڡɽʵ˶ǵսĻѹ˧֮еκһ
սڣ˧սܵĻǣضСսܵĿܣ൱֮һôõʱ䣬˧¡ɽսͿԿ
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ⷬ뷨սĿͶǾս֮ص޹ԭɽԼΧ򣬽ǽͶ
һεս˾׳󣬻Ǿʹɢ


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֮ʧܵĻνˣҲֻһЦʱս뽮򱻡ɽռĴҲǰ;
ˣ˷ʧ̬ؼ֮㣬ٽ̨֮ս

޹ԭ
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һĿҰתţЩĿΣȻڽｫҪ飬˶ǳеҪ֪
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ͣϢǹģԨɽɽȣ֮ǰǿɽ˧֣˿δ·磬ǵʵɲ˧ȽˣȻҪǡ
ʱ˾Կɽ᲻̫˰ɽ󡭡Ǿŷ尡
˭֪ء˵Ԩɽε˧ЩϵҲ֪Ǽ١
Ŷôǵѹˡ

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һĿⷺžȵų׺ཻӰֽĶԺ䣬Ӿԡ

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˧ɫأнŵǣǿһԵֶȴǷֺƽ̶Ƿģ·𲢲ǰƾһ㡭
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ѪĦЦһҲΪֹ˰ɣⳡԣƽֽˡ
С̧ɺ˫ĿȴѪ֮ɫ䣿
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СһЦαоŶ񴸣˲ͿΪǧɴСδ£Ƭƽ̨ǳ׵׵رȥ
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Ŀ֮޶֪ԭֵƽԭϣʱž
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һԵĽԳ˧Ҳǵͷ֮սһһ˾ųɣ쿪ģֶܹϽһҲƽճ󹬣Ҳˡ
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ٷ˽ɽ˻źǱģһԵ쳣ԭֻҪ˾ʤǱѹ󹬣ǳ˵ϡ
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˽֣Ӳ飬ÿڽǰҶһᣬߡͨ˫ֶͫͣϣǻһĨĻȡ

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ܸңѡʲô𣿡ͨɺͷ촽ǶֶĿ⣬èϷɭ䡣
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ֶǰȾ̣ҲһɫأٽţƤ𽥵رþӨ

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һǧһٶʮ սͨ

峺ֶڴ쳹ؼ䣬貵棬һǿѹҲ֮ӡ
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Ʊ裬ֶһǻΪӰǹӰ趯ԽκһԲǿߺɱǹӰͨȫеҪ

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ĳֶȴδţĹֻͣ˭δֶۣڵĹڴʱ䶯ǰģ˯Ĺʼѡ

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ϯĿضԴͷķͻȻͫһֻһ֮һӰֱӴԴͷǱصǧɣӰӴʱ͵

һĿЩصӰʱȻЩĿ֮У֮ɫΪǲʧܶĻˣͨ
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һЩ˶ӣǿԷе𶯣ƾɶʵһת־ǿߵķƣǾҪһֺεȿֲ
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һǧһٶʮ ŷﻯ
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ĵͨһɹǿѹɢȻڴʱ䵽ͨС
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ģûô䡣˧ˣС׵ԵΪ򶨣ֶһֽäĿΣҲǰĶ־Ŷôǿ
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Ųʹ̼䣬˧˲԰׵ɫ£ֶûȥ


һǧһٶʮ 
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Ȼŷﻯˡ
ٷһĻžϲԼɫ֣Ǿŷﻯ࣬Ǿŷһеľ⣬žŷ˵ĵ棬ѪԽǾˣӵеľŷﻯԽ˵Զʱڣоŷһľǿʩչŷﻯ⣬ֱؽ֮ڵ飬ػΪޡ
ŷﻯⲢ߱ƻ䵽һӶ֣һӵѪϣǻ˲佫仯Ϊޡ
ȹľǾŷһΪֶΣͬǿ֮У޲ɵֶУʵ޷߻Ż·
ٷ˾ϲ䣬Զ˧ɫ԰ףСף˫ҲǶȻ
Ȼھŷﻯͬš
찲ĿϾŲʹ⻪ΪŨĵط˷ֵĽϾҪˡ
̤ͨգӴӰһԵøɭ䣬ǰֵɲţֶܹͬȼת־ǿ߶ޱȼɵĿ¹ơ
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ͨЦδ׵±Ȼֹɭϣ͵һĨ֮ɫ
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Ųʹâڴʱһ־˵ٶˣŹâˣǹâģһӰٶȳŵĿ֮С
ˡ
ͳȻ֮ȳϮȻƬƽԭϿմԭ԰ĴأҲֱѡ
ôܣٷĿͬڴʱĿɿڴ
Ȼˣ˧ҲȻ
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ȻǾŷﻯ⣬Ǹֶ˼˺
Ȼֻǻȥһһֱֻۣ
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Ŀռ䣬ڴʱеˣҲǱܼѹĿֲһѪϢ˲ή
峤һ֣˲ֹסת־ĳǿߣֻؾֲ
Ҳϵĳϣû뵽ȴǻ֮£峤Щŭ⣬ؼصš
·ڶ˼һĻҲŭڣΪ֮ˣӵԶűǴĽû뵽ȴǳȿƳ顣
߶ħ֣ħԣǱʴ峤ŭҲá
ֶҡҡͷڣȽڵɾɡ
ֶСѣҪ鷳ˡ
峤ֶħؼ׵̽ȻֶӵֶΡ
ֶ΢ЦŵͷȻĿ⣬ɨ·ˣĿ˶ǸоƤһ
ֶߣսսĿɨٶƣһ𾪵ĿУͣɫĮȻ껾֮ϡ
껾ֵܣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡ֶ껾ģЦص
ž˶𶯵Ľϵ껾ĸţѵҲħʴˣ


һǧһʮ ħ
ϣ껾ɱŹ̬һӣĵĮǰֶĻδõ˿ıɫ㶨ֶ̲סһ
ֶС磬Ҳħʴˣ
ף껾ģ̲ס˵Ͼ껾Ŀһ֮൱ˣҲǵĻǶԴʵС
ֶգҲգͣ껾ϣصϣ֮ǰ츳ֻһ㣬ΪλͻȻ֮ʵͻͽĪҲаô
ףɫ΢䡣
ϵòĻλ껾ֵӦǽħŵʵڰﵽת־ңϣҸӦˡħĲ롭춴ڵЩħӦ͵͵µİɣֶ˫Ŀ֮У֮ɫۣ֮УҲǶЩ䡣
峤ɫƽֻǶ̺޾ϵ˫Ŀȴ껾ģɱԼһĨʹϧ
껾ģ˵֮Ǽ٣ףɫ࣬ȵ
·ڶҲ̧ͷ껾ĸţ˶еţûϵƽº͵崺ͬ飬Ȼص֮
Ǻǣһţû뵽ֶҪɹʱܳļһĿĵʹ껾ļͻȻضţһѹŨŨɱЦǶ˫֮ͫڣаħûƽյºͣȥ쳣
ϣ
ףţһӸָָ࣬껾ģһƬļ£һ㣬Ҫѡ峤λã˵С
ˣȻħͼɱڳ
껾ĴʱԵΪƽһ۷ŭף磬Ȼٿ˿·ǽƽŵСЦֻЩѣУܴģƴȥʮĿޣ簢ʼնҫ۵ˣߣһĸƨѡ
ʱܵ۸ңǺǣҿûм֮ģΪҲԽǰңҾԽҪȥ
ԣ֮ǰʱҽϢһЩħϧȻûܽɱˡ
ϮȻ㵼µģףȭͷŲϵϣŨŨŭ
һԵ峤ɫž޲·СɫƽֻΧصˣȴǱŭ쳣Ƿģ޲ڳ֣նɱ껾ġ
ҽħǿɾͲǺܲôһͻȻð峤ѡ˾ͽҵģҵȵ춴ڵĶǿ߶ǱþĨɱһ壬ҲΪҵƿأʱǱ֪˭һˣ껾ſ˫ۣϵЦݣΪĿ
Ť̬ѹᱻħ롣
ֶҡҡͷʹˣԺ㲻ɲ峤һᱻ
㲻ӵеѪ
껾ͫ΢΢һֶЦǸʲô䲻Ҳֵõѵ
껾ģϷԽ£ȷѪԣϷҪѪףɭһһǳ껾ǰԪ籼ڣϯߡ

껾ļ״ȴЦһ𣬾һɺɫ
СģħĻ㣬ھͽþֶ΢ݣæȵ
ֶףɫҲһ䣬һӣԪ糤ӳǲƶĺɫ㾡ȥ
ҵ֮УħĻ㣬һնɱҵԱͽ壬ǣҲᾡþ֮Уʱ򣬻һ壬Ҳˡ껾ſ˫ۣЦ
ϣ
ףԼλϽǱŭȴ治춯ħǶ൱ʵǿᵹֵܹһͨ˱ǿɾд鷳ˡ
һΣãҿɻû䣬պһʱ壬ضҵС껾ĵһЦߡ
˵δҲ̫һЩ
ֶҪߵ껾ģȴЦЦָһºͰ׹ָХȻٰлΪһöϵķʯ
ˣ
ʯʣº͵İ׹ǵصкȻ껾ĵУְâ֣ܹǺɫ㣬Ȼ𽥵ر
ǡʯȻ䵽У껾ļ״ɫ仯ص

ֶһЦף糤ϣڿԳˡ
лֶС硣
ףһͷǲϣű֮ɫӹһΪӳǼ˰Ĺƣǵصض껾ϯȥ
飡
껾ĽֵʧȥħֶΣȻףĶ֣ζ֮䣬ǽڽڰˣҲѸٵؼȥ
ˣ
һӲף˿껾ѪɶӣҲ𽥵Եò԰
껾ģʵ־ܣ֣һף̤գ껾ģ嫵ԪۣһԲ̣쳣
Ǻǣһ
껾Ĵ¶һĨȥǵѪȴǶȻȴǵҿ壬ҲûڵıҪˣ
ڤ粻飡ףɫǱĮ˫Ŀ֮УɱڣһӴԲ̣ǶȻӶ
껾ǺХ̣Ҳ͵һҧ˫ֽӡ˫ƶǰǱ峤ס϶Ȼ¡
飡
Ƶ£ϵ徹ֱӱըѪ䣬ŨаħӶȻɿػ껾ǰΪһΪӴĺɫС
ͣ
̺ݺݵغǺɫ֮ϣȴû˿ĲǷģͶ޵׶һ㣬ֱûʧ
ֶתĺɫУͫȴǶȻһ
ٺ١
껾վںɫֶ֮һЦָԼ򴦻ѪŶϱǺɫ֮ڡ
ӭ٣Ѫϴ壡
ѪӿɫУ껾ǹ£ĿԵޱȵĿϡ

ɫзתţļХ֮дصؼ䣬˻ѪҺΪ֮ӿ
䱸
ףһĻʱȳƬƷ쳹һӰϣϢء
峤ɫһĻƼ䣬һɿֲĲȻۡ
ٻħô
ֶǺɫУҲӹһĨأۼʶħȻǵļ̶ֳȡ
ˡ
ɫвϵתţֶǼеŵͳĽŲȻԲ԰׵ֱۣһа֮бԵٽţŰԹӣسĿע֮С
˻
ֶһڱĿеƣҲǶȻ
ġȻħ


һǧһʮ 
ɫУħĴ죬֮ϻת޾аħԴԴϵӿؼ¶ȶǽԭŨԪҲʲôΪĶһ㣬׷ɢȥ
֮ǰӰնźɫһͷɫɢţ˵Ϊ񣬶ҿȥֲ̬Ĳ԰ףһĨȹĸаȡ
ûκε˶ܹоһ޷ݵѹأеˣ峤ƽӶڴʱӿһĨ֮ɫ
ħ
Ǳʵֻؾ۷ǿߣݣ壬ҲС
Ǻǣԭ峤ģ㾹ȻħĻþˣħƬؼ俴һȦȻͣ峤ϣЦ
ħֱʵǲСǶ岻һ˰ɣ峤ص
ɡ
ǺǣǺ΢΢һЦаħеŵζ
ǵػһħҲЦص
ЩԶʱսܣɲ಻Ĳ峤ҡҡͷ
սܣֻΪǳһѣ䣬Ƭλ飬չΪħƿءЦŵ
ԭȰн嶥ǿģӦǼƻ¶˰ɡ
ػüͷ΢΢һ£Ȼ껾ģĮص껾ģʧ
껾һҧˣҪǲ֪ӺδֶܳǱ춴峤˳
Ŷ
ɫ΢תվ峤ԵֶЦһɵ࣬ȻƵħ
ʯУӦʹʯŽħƽ⡣껾ĵ
ʯȻ䵽УһĨɫֳΪħǶ⵱Զʱڷ洴רŶԸħǿȻΪ˽⡣
ֶδػֻĿضˣԪڣҲ־񣬽Ϊ䱸״̬
ʵ̫ͣʯУҲѿá
һЦˣƻ¶Ͱ¶˰ɣҲԤ֮У껾ģļƻɻδɣҿӦþûڵıҪ˰ɣ
ˣѰķԸ׼ȫʱԶ֡껾ļæ

صͷȻ峤ԼΧǿߣЦԭֻҪʴ壬ģֻʹü˵ķˡ
ûⱾ£
峤ɫһֲԪӳ·Ƭضڴʱҵز
λ۷ǿߣҲ̲סͷɱҪˡ
󣡡ףҲɫ䣬ںȵ
ǣ
ͳĺؼصţһ˷ЩϽ֯䣬ǻΪһӴѤչ壬֮ϣźĪĲӶ
ȻˣǾɣ壬Ҳħͷˡ峤Įص
Ǻǣ壬ôĿ
ЦҡҡͷϣҲһĨɭȻգùĻˡ
Ȼʵǿᣬƾ˾壬Ҳ̫˵㡣峤Ц
ô
һĨϷʣͻȻ԰ƣȻĽӴһ𣬴ǵЦݣڴʱͻȻòп
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дĮȻ޷εŨŨɱԼ̬ķ
ˣ
ͻȻڴʱȻ˶ǼһɽĶ⣬ͻȻźɫĹâƵضâֶۣ𶯵ĿУΪһֺڰɫʻ䡣
ħ
͵͵ؽħ󷨵ʽɽ֮УֻҪλһ嶼ᱻħγɵ֣ǣ޴ӣ껾̧ͷĿֶˣЦ

ףŭ÷û뵽껾ľȻ壬೤ϻмӡ
һħɽ֮ҡҷƺŴ̶һɫâΪһɫ֣𽥵ظ֮¡
ǹֵһЩʵˣԺ֮жʱһЩѣθоǶǳһЩģǽҪþ֮еס
ֶüͷһĻɫº͹âΪʯı󷨶û̫ãȥĻѰ˵˺
峤ô죿ףɫҲص峤
ڴඥǿ߶춴ڱչأ֮ǰҲ˻þ޷ѡ峤˫Ŀ΢Уһסһħϣʮλת־ǿߣһħ
ף磬ǴֻأʵԶʤѰת־ǿߣʮλת־ĳǿߣҪסһħǲܵ¡
󷨡
ףɫأ鷳ģħħɻѻ֮󣬾ת־ĳǿ߶ܵӰ죬οһЩˣ
峤üͷҲǽ壬ܹо󷨵ȻħЩ׼൱ĺȫǴش塣
ƺʮŶħɣΪ˶Ը壬ҲѪһԵֶĿɨɽ壬Ȼ󿪿ڵ
ħ൱ףͬҲҪ൱Ĵۣ£ħΪ˶Ը壬ȴǶ֮࣬ȻĴֱʡ
ħ㼫Ϊת־ǿ߶׿ҪƳ󣬾ͱЩħףΪ춴ڵĶǿδѵԵʣǴʱز㡣
ֶԣȴ΢΢˸ضЩɽ֮ҡҷ˵ĺɫ޻䣬ȴһĨ֮ɫ
ϣ󷨵£ͽҰɣǶԸħͺáֶһЦ
㣿
峤Լףһ㶡
ȻҲҪ֡
ֶЦЦλ𣿡
ֶСܽ󷨣ǱǷһ飡峤һӣЦ
ֶһЦٶЩħ֮ϣ̲ס촽
ôħܹõĻӦùڵľ˰ɣ
ǡŵĴ񰡡


һǧһʮһ 
ɫĻ㣬Ƶ֮ϣһصĲ壬£ƬնǱʵĸоǶЩ㱡
ħӪþԤףûþɣֻҪʵˣУʱ򼴱㻽ѣ൱˺Ͼǵʵ춴֮ڵЩǿ߱ŲСĲࡣ
ְɣӲá峤ⷬ龰Ҳ֪²ӳ٣˵
ǣ
ףصͷһӣֻ·ʮӰӶЩ̤ת־ĳǿߣһڵĶ⾫Ӣ
˵ȣסʵˣף·ȵһЩʵҪþǿػŲС
ֶСѣµ֣ѡֻҪһЩػ˱ɡ
š
ֶͷҲϻһѸ˺
ԶʱڣħǰⱣл޷壬ħҲͼ߸壿ǿЦ峤һֲԪۣһֻصĲֲ֮£·ﶼǱü
ǺǣҲɣԱ֪
һЦһգħǲ԰׵ϣһĺɫƽ˼ɭȻ
䣡
˶ӣ˸һֲӰ˲䱩Ӷغײ䣬Ŀ³Ӱֱ֮ϡ
֣
ף״Ҳһƣʮλת־ǿһӦȣʮһӰֱǵػȥ
껾ģƿ󷨣ˡػ˺󷽵껾һۣĮص
ǣ
껾ԣжʱź֮ɫֳؿˡ
ػԸϣӰҲǱֱӳֱسף˵İΧ֮Уħϯؽף˾
ֶ̼չľսɵóһ̣ɲȵʱ
С
ֶ£СԣʱԣŲڵǿ߿£ЩʵȻڳϣҲǾӢΣأҲѽת־ΣֻЩϱɻЩѡ
ô죿СҵһĻҲǲû̫İ취ħͬļɵ
Ǳ뾡Ƴ󷨣ȻۻԽԽþֶһԶЩɽ֮ҡҷĺɫ䣬
ôƳСʵ
ҪƳ󷨣ͬʱʮŶħժ
ħǸ޷üʵԣǿŵĻܹһᣬ˻԰쵽
һ飬ֳʮֶ˼
СҲû˿ԥһӣǴǿ߽ǼĬɢܿرγʮСӣݵǼΪĲֶǰ̾İ֮һȵ̣˲ò
һÿ֧СһħܹʱѹħĻ㣬Ǳ⼫̵ʱмϣγʮŶħƳ󡣡ֶһգʯĸֳʮŵº͹⻪ӳűʮ֧Сߡ
⣬ħʯҲֻ۳ô࣬ԣǶֻһλᣬʧܵĻƳ󷨵ʱֽӳʱ¾͸鷳ˡֶɫ֣صѵ
ǣ
ڶǿԣصͷ
㣿СʲôͻȻֶΧԼЩǿҲеɻĽš
ǼһﲻƳ󷨵ģҵȥԸֶʼ磬Ȼ̧ͷĳ껾ĿɭŨĺɫܣʱĺߣƺܹ߶󷨵
Ҫһ˶ԸСɫ΢䣬ǰ껾Ľ֣һļ̶ֳȣοº߽󷨵ȻΪǿᡣ
Ҫɣ
ֶҡҡͷ㼫Ũûʯ壬޷̫õģİɣֻת־ǿһеͷۣȻӵħǾʡ鷳ˡ
ֶֶΣ඼ħżǿԣ˱˻ħѲе֣ԣԸħȻҪȶԸǿҪΪһЩ
ǺðɣǼֲͳҴ㡣СüͷʱҲû̫İ취ֻܵͷ
š
ֶ΢΢һЦץʱ䣬ɣ⣬ħٵˣժ󽻸ңһдáġ
СͷȻһ֣ͺȵߣ
һ䣬ϰٵӰʱ˷ӶǷƣ൱Ĳ
СѸȥֶĿ⣬Ҳϵ껾ģһգֱǳںǰ
һɵСӣȻҲҶҽ֣֪Ķ껾ŶԶֶǸһĨЦ
ʰ㣬㹻ˡ
ֶЦůİ׹ЩʴĻһӴ͵ɢȥԶ䱾˿˺
ԲѣΪʯҾκβ㣿㻵Ҵ£ҽסҪܣ껾ɭȻһЦӡȻãǰɫʱۻӶֻÿռʮ޴ĺɫ綾߰㶴գĶֶȥ
䣡
ֶ״һգ׹б׵Ȩֶߣӹʮľ޴ĺɫ١
ͣ
ԭסԲǿߵĺɫ٣Ǳ׹ӹǶѶѴ⻬羵

껾ļ״ͫ΢΢һֶ׵Ȩ棬һЩļµ

ֶЦ
ҵθҶǰԭ̣ȷʵҲֻǱˡ
ھʵǰκﶼã
껾ЦһһǧӴĺɫ쿪ʱƬصԪڴʱҵı
ɫĻҲڴʱɿض껾Ƕϱ۴۶ȥܿıĻΪһֻĺɫֱֱۣ֮ϣħͼơ
Ҷ治Сӣ
ȶ껾ĺɫħ۶ȻգǺ󺣰ǵЦݣҲڴʱ
˭治½ۿ»˵㣡
ֶҲһ̤峺ϵ֮Ĵɫâ䱳ۣȻһǻΪһǧ֮ɫ

ٵֶǹŨŨѹͬˮ˲Ŀرǵڼֶǧ֮ɫʱн֮ɫֳ
ɲ
ҽֵ峤Ҳڴʱһ۽һԶǵ̤նӰӹһĨ𾪡
Ȼǡǣ


һǧһʮ 

ϰٵֶ趯ǹɹ϶صѹȻ˲Ŀ
ѹ
ֶı仯껾Ķ΢һ£ĿԹŹֵشֶȻǼΪͳ࣬ѹҲǸĴһЩڵĶǿ߶ǱȲϣΪĲ⡣
ǸȤļһʯǻӵѹ
껾ĵĮһЦȴû˿Ц⣬ֻɫħ֮ϣɫľ䶯ţͷż˿񱩵
ֶٶ࣬նɣ
껾кâǲԥһգɫӿӰȴȰֶǰָյɫֱۣǻΪһ޴ĺɫḷ̌˺գݺݵضֶüĵȥ
ৣ
ֶɫݺһȣӰ˲䱩ˣ껾ܶ
䣡
θˣֶҲչƣֻȨȣ׹汼ӿӰ֣ǵصض껾ֶȥ
С
껾Цֻһһöɫǰ۳ֱǽ̺ű׵Ӱصֵ¡
ȥ
껾ָһǰɫʱӶ֮иռ䣬ֱֶʺȥ

ֶ׵ȨصǻԵ֮䷽ƫƶȥǺɫǴֶ֮ͷХȥ
һֶ֣չֳ׵ս飬սΪս񾭡
ó汾ɣȻĻû̫ˡ껾ĵصɫ۳һħһֹĲɢ
ֶ΢Ҳû˿һٶ³ʱ羪װ֮

º͵ɫâֶӿԭֶٵɫҲ𽥵ر仯ΪٵϽơ
ֶ˫ͫڴʱӿϽɫʣǿϢٶǣȻǶ˺ǵ
е˼
껾ЦһգħӶһſźɫǳǵصֶ
ֶ׵Ȩȣ˫΢գһȻٵϽ쳤Х
䣡
ֶһϽ磬ӶٵϽƲһͷϽͷ޾ѹ
飡
Ͻ籩ӶǶħʱը;ռ䶼ǾҵŤ
껾˿ڶϽӰȴһĨмɺⱼڶ̧ǺɫħۣſƣϽб̶׵Ȩȣײһ
֨֨
̺ٵϽ׵Ȩȣصش껾֮У̶ļ֮Ħ䣬졣
ȻƾӲֶ͹껾ģȴû˿Ķҡħûжٲļֻħ֮ϵħͼƣ·ڴʱһЩѡ
ֶһĻɫҲã껾ĵȷ򵥣ѹСǳ˿

껾¶ЦһȻ
أ
ޱȵֱǽֶϽɢȥϽƣҲɢ˲١
ߡ
һƺֶ껾ɱȴһӰֶ̺ſħۣǵصضֶϯȥ

ֶ׵ȨҲڴʱΪ׹⣬סȻЩ·磬껾ĵһЩͻķֱӺ֮ϣǿȵĹֶӵźǵĻȻּصơ
ֶ껾ʱԶɽ壬СڵСǽӽһɽ壬İ׹еħɢ֣Ļʴ
磬ֵֶܺŲסˡǸСԵһǿߣɫͻȻ˱䣬ڵ
СӰһ٣ҲƫͷһȻǼǱ껾Ŀ񱩹ֵֶͫҲ΢һ£ƶǽ
磬ҪȥֵֶܰɣһҲǳģֶ״ƺ̫á
Сԣȴ˲ĿҡҡͷȻ˵ܹԸǾһУǵ¡
ǡ
˵ͷĿһۣǿԷеɻΣʵڲСĴӺζ껾ģǰ׺ݼһﰡֶȻֶĶ࣬ɱϾ껾ĻżĲ࣬Ȼɻɻ󣬵ȻСô˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲô
˳غɫ֮УȻֱɽȥʱСĿⷽһԶýԼܹ૵һɱ˰ȻֵҪٰ

أ
ɫħ綾һּ̬׹Ȼֶ֮ϡ
ͳֶŷ·һЩ嵹ɶһѪҲ̲ס˳
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ͳֶдĿƵԶǾ޴ĺڰ䣬һӰ
һǧϽ֮ڣǧХƬأ˶


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СһץϺڹ⻪°ӹЩǹĺɫ٣ѣ׷ء
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Сԣһǿ߿źǾ춯ذĽ֣֮βסľ̾ԼһĨǡ
ֶܹ껾֮ãõǺ⣬껾ʩչȻΪǾ޴ĺڰҡҷͷųĲǶǸеЩͷƤ顣
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ߣҲӲͷųĻԽԽ࣬껾ĵʵҲԽԽǿԣΪ˰ֶҲ뾡Ƴ󷨣
СƫͷԶʣЯǧ֮ƣһֺη̬Ͼ޴ڰӰҲ̲סػ
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СͳеħҲǿʼɢº͵İâڵģ޲޷Ƴֶ֮ǰӣҲʧȥ塣

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Һȭͷһ׹Ȼһصһĺڰ̼꣬䣬߽⡣

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԰С⻰Ǻصͷħ˽⣬ȷȲֶ
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СĿֶתԥһ£
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СȻҲ̲סЦ֮ǰȷҪ˵Щ˻֮ĹϵΨԼԼһʱɢĴ飬Сʱһһε໥ػűǿ󡭡
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һǧһʮ 
ΣħߣǱȥȻҲ˼𶯣ķΪ˶üɭϡ
һЩǿߣ̽Сӣػص̽ڷԲǧκһطֻҪħմȾĶǱǾγȻǱɽ֮ڵħָŵòᣬϾ˴εΣܹõԪˡ
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ֱ߲ʣǼΪŭ껾ģҲ̫õ³ͲֶĿ֮УƲᣬ˽ʮʱ䣬𽥵ػָ
ⳡΣ֮УֶȻӵŲǱ춴峤ȳ屻ħס޷ڳ֮ʣƴ˽껾壬ض൱ء
ΪˣЩʱУܹоΧЩ˶ͶĸмԼĿ⣬һСϾܿҪȥһˣر˻ʱǿɲһ򵥵顣
ȻѰˣЩ춴ڱչسĶǿߣڵֶ֪Ǳ춴Ϊǽħ޲Ƕ䱧Ÿм̬ҲǵЩʱУֶǱǵĿ÷ʤֻñˣܹһʱС
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ʱİ巽ܹӵеĵ̣Ҳչ˳˷ٶ²ĻԲ˶ߡ
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ֶԶȥѲ߻ҲһЦȻһεʣʮ֮ǰֲսԻԺ֮лص
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ֶͷԵЩ޳˫֣ȴεƲƲ죬껾ĵս㾡еֶΣˣҲδܻɱߣõЩ̾ת־֮䣬Ȼ蹵
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ʱѵܻͷɣֶһЦЦݵη޾壬ЩʲôΣûµĻûʸߵ졣
Դһ˿͵ص˵ͷһӣһ⻪ӳȻɽ֮ڣ⻪ɢȥһħǸֳȻЩǻŷӡһ֣һְתǲ
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ޱȵĲҽٶ쳹


һǧһʮ 
ЯҽɳĮ쫷磬絶УԼԽ峹׻Ϊıѩ籩
ԴӽƬֶ֮⡰ζûǰǿԼԪеģǾ߿ľ壬־ǿȣ⡰֮еκһĥѣؽĨɱƬʵʵ֮С
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ңֶۣ֮ȻǾ߱Լֳ֮ѶȣΪѡ
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һԵ峤صͬЩȣȻû뵽Ŷ̶µʱ䣬ֶľȻܹͻƵڵĲΡ

һֱףҲ̾ȻǴֻصĶת־ǿߣھΪϣȴԶԶֶҲջǷҲҪڵľ磬Ŷôѡ
һڴﵽһ˰
СҲЩ̾صոմ¶꣬Ҳһ·ϣؽ֮
ɫĹӿůĹâУֶĸ֪ҲţȻ춴֮ڣľȴǱԼƬصжǾۡ
ܹڸӿǿϢһЩ֮ͬϢЩϢף˿
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ɽУһݹǰĿӰ԰׵ͷɢɽһָϵζɢÿǱòɣ
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߸ϣңң֮ϵֶҲ΢𣬴ͫӰϣһеϤĲ˵ʵȻҲǸĪ⣬治֪Ǻ·
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ֶ𽥵ջ񣬸ֿ̽ذо˫ֻſʱƬںһֻҪת䣬ܹأصĿֲ
ֶо֮У㱼䣬ľƺԶԶɢĳһɲǣռƺŤһ£һ͸˿ռ䣬ĳΪİĵط
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ǵӰͻȻ̧ͷǶ֮ͫڣڶתء
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ֶѸٻع飬ȴ̲סٵ֪ǰĻԭŵǾβ˵ġ

ǵӰӦñǡ֮ˡ


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صĺ嫾ڳһͬˮأ̶ؼ䣬ҲٶȻָ
춴֮еĳɽֶǽõ˫ĿҲڴ˿̻ڵУûκξâӿеģֻһҹհԼһЩлδӦãȻ
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ľɽҡҷţֶʯ̨ϣ˴յĹ⾰ȻһϣʼϤڻظš
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ֶһɽЩħЩħǴпή״̬ȻǵǱĴЩħ൱죬ȻãٵøɾΪá
šҶԴ˵û˿ԣȻ˷ֶѾﵽĿ꣬ЩҲˡ
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춴֮ʱֶ˶٣΢࣬߿춴֮ǰͻھʱۣ֮Ӱ֮ͫ˵ϣûв̫˵Ĳĸ֪֮ͫ˵ʵҲǴһ˿ֲĲΣ佻֣Ǿûֵʤ㡣
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СŹֵؿֶһۣ̲סʵ
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ֶͷȷҪʱ׵Լڵļ䣬Ȼָ

ڽգֶͣڣյĻֶָǳ׵ػظ֮епҲǱսֻǴĺ嫾ȴֶ蹬֮ڣõף֮ڵĲпޣҲȫûջ
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ŶԵǾȳȻû뵽ֶӦĴڡ
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ţҵʱʱ¶Сǿ߶ֶܸܵ˫Ŀ΢УһȻ𶯣֮Զʱڵͷķ¶֣ڿɲ˶ֶ֪С
ԣֻҪʱ򣬿İ嶼Ա򶨣Ȼ֮Ĺϵͬ壬ǣɻͬǿİ廢ҪǡЩ·޴ڵġħǵ֪ҲȡһЩֶΡ
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ֶ΢΢һЦǵЦݣ֮ɫӿ
ҿɲ֮ĴУøǡ


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䶯ǰСȴǸ˹Ļ˵ϵڣѾ˿ӣҲ£ȥһս
ļһֶҲδܾһڣͽ֣ʱ𶯱ȻССܹţҲܹݸΪһ㡣

ֶ˻صԨɽʱ֮󣬶ǳԨɽϿʱƬ಻ɽ֮չֳĻȣȴ϶ӹһĨ֮ɫ
ɽ֮У㳡Ⱥ޴ķִɽƬɽǻУַȻԶԶȲĻ󣬵ԨɽķȻϽɭ̫ࡣ
ңϣһӶȫڿеĶѲ߶·㳡ϣӰǷ·ڲţ̺ŵͳɱĵͺһȻԶԶɢÿ
ƵǲСԨɽģž֮ɫ֣Цŵ֮ǰҲԨɽֻʱڱɽĸо
ֶ˵ͷ̤ھ磬Ҫ̽ѰܹӦƬɽ֮ǿϢõǣЩϢУȻ̤ת־ĲΡ
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̶ʱ䣬ֶʵԽԽĪˡ
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˧䳡Ҳ㣬λǰͶ󹬵ĴӡѲ߶ͷ칧ص
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ܹλصĴʶԺֻҪĹҲǴпΪ

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ԵһҲЦŵͷȻСף˫ֽ棬˹ص˧ֵ֪ܵҪǿǵôɳҲͷˣļ󹬣룬һݣӦòְɣ
Сüͷ壬˧Ҳӹԥ֮ɫ
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ֶƣȻ˧ȻĿŶһ䡣
һϣҡ
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һǧһʮ һ˫
Ƭ䳡Ϊֶ˻Ȼ˧˶е㵵ؽֶţ˵ʵҲֻƴƽ֣˵ֶսת־ǿߣҪһжδЩд˰ɣ
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СͬΪֶĻֻǿֶһ۱δ˵ȻҲеɻ󣬵ڶֶΣȴûаɡ
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ңҲһɱӺģˣԼԽԽߵǿߡ
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ΪƫԶĵڻ̫Ķӣ˼ٻڴ˴ӣԶŵڣﶼ̤㣬ǳΪһЩδǵҰ޻֮
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£ҴҲûʸȥ۰ɣֶ΢΢һЦԴȴûΪԷʵ˿
⻰һԭնһǿ߽е죬Ͼ֪ҵݺ󣬻ſˣͦټġ
һЩ֪ɽ֮ԹǿߣǰһЦɽǾŷ壬ȻλҴϣǶϴɽ󹬴˹ڻ³ҳˡ
ֻŷǿλ󹬵죬òҲʡ͵ĵư
ʲôҲ˵ͨǴŭȵ
Ϊŭȣˣɫһ첨Ǹӵת־ľʵ˴εľŷ壬Ҳ˱Ǯ
ֶ˫кҲһҪʱһЦȴǴңԶ֮𵴶
̷ϣҲַͨԴСеģΪŷܲȵͷɣ
쳹ĿȻתȻǱǼԶӰ˸ܿıӰֳǵһˣһء


һǧһʮ 
صأĿע£Զâ˸һ̣Ű˵Ӱϣ֮ףһӣģǲ̫ĳڣĿȴ˿һ۱޷ȴ
ʱλ˫۱أӵضԶ֮ͨ䣬ûиŷ˿档
ࣿ
ͨӣɫȴһ䣬оӹһĨɫ
ˡ
ֶҲе죬һϤӰǶΣһΣҲǲȱϯʢ°
˭Ҿûм
ֶһӣ˵ϴǰ壬ȴδˣǴӺϢȴõΪľ죬̶ֳȣǳԽѰת־ǿߣһ㴥ֻصζֻףԼǰλŷĴұԵĲһߡ
ֶ̤ھ磬Ҳʽ̤ؼ䶥ĲΣת־ڣҲǿ֣֮ǿҲΪأԪۻ̶ȶ磬ǿ˭ֻصĸΪ̡
һֻܹصˣǿɳΪֻصת־ǿߣֻнΣǷؾ߱˳ؼ۷Σֻؾʸ
˧˵ʵֻǴͨת־ףԼңǴﵽ˴ֻصĲΣȻǴͬһΣʵȴżĲࡣ
ӣȻҲǴﵽ˴ֻصĲΣֻֻصĸ򣬱ףԼϹҪԵһЩˣѰת־ҲԶĶ֡
࡭Ϊһһ˵ǸˣҲ峤ԺСģ⣬Ҳָܹ㣬ԡҲ컯СǶԴ˲İ˵
ŶҲ컯ֶ΢£컯ȻѧΪֹ⣬ûɹ
˵ֶô˵̷ϣô˵Ҳǲӡ̤գ˫۱أЦ
ͨɫеѿȴǲҷ
ŶԭСӣϷ˵һˣռ峤ϷҲ˵ʲô˵ʲôҼüͷ壬
ޣϼһǰϣǰ֣署ȭͷøֱӵ㡣һƲû˿Ŀ˵ֵȷǰһߣʵȴӲúܣҪֵĻҲλŷĴϡ
ߣ֪
ɫ΢ռʱ𽥵Ťһֵ첨ɢֲȻȴõƬ˸еһǿѹȣѹȣֻصζ
СȻ̶̰ٶǴֻأҪϷǰˣᣬ»˵㣡
϶㲻Ǿȭͷԣûˣʸ񣡡ҵķŭȴ˿壬ԾԾԣЦص
ɽϵֶԵһЦȻˣȴõкøС
ҵɫҲ̲סҪֽѵһʱһϵЦҲͻأؼ쳹
ﻹְ
Ц䣬ƬռŤϺڹ⻪˸ӰֳǳʱǹɺƺƵľ˲ɢզĿͶ
ǵˡСһգص
ֶҲһЦĿȥֻͻȻֵһϢ˵ףϡ
ԭףϡ
Ҽͷףϣüͷ΢΢һ£Цףû˶ֲϾ߲ʵǱֶ͡
ҴϰǶ겻ˡףҲһЦҶǳռģʲô¡
ϷҪƽϣֻ󹬵Ҿŷ壬ϷҪѰЩ棬ý˿Ҿŷ塣ҵ
Ŷ
ףЦĿͶɽϵֶһˣҡҡͷҴϣֶСжҪѰ鷳Ī˵岻Ӧ壬ҲԹۡ

⻰һ˵ʱȻǿ߽ĿȻؽֶһ˸ţǵûϵ;Ȼ֮󣬲̷ϣһȹϵѹּǵ˾ŷҲ˿壬ⱳе㾪ˡ
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ҲΪף˻һɫǺ֣УǶһЩɣôû뵽ֻǶһСӶѣ壬ȻѡǾŷȥ
΢΢ƫͷĿⲻźۼؿһ۵ӰǵӰȫİСڿɵ۷Уƺǲûпҵߣֻ޵΢΢ҡͷ
ջĿ⣬һӣߵϣ˴αȷŹСӣպ޹ʵҾŷ壬¾ûô׽ˣ
ֶЦЦҳˣŷ˲ҲˣֻҪŷҵ鷳ȻҲᣬȻ˭۸ͷˣֶҲǳصġ
ֶȻǶһŷȷǿǰֶӵĻҲЩˡ
ߣʶ̧١
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ϣףϼ״ŵһЦĳЦеؿֶСӣߵﶼ鷳
ϣɲҵ£ǵһ仰û˵ͱ˸ˡֶ޹̯̯֣տŷ鷳
⣬ϣǸĪҲǶǡȤֶףһۣһ仰ȴѹ
֪ףؿֶһۣл֮еˣ˷峤ǲǹ󲿷ֵ˼ǰһȻڽСھԻ֪֮٣Ҫ˳ôУ²ס
Ǳ峤лˡ
ֶٺһЦЩм֮Ĵжκ˶Īջ󣬶ȴֿܹɲ͡
ֶС磬
ֶף˵䣬ϤĴЦֶһƫͷȻǼǿҲǶǶǴЦ֮ˣǶΡ
ֶҲǳŶιһЦһתͣһֱĿԼϵϡ
٣λ˿еֶôϵĿû˿Цֶȴǳųȡ
ǡ
Ȼֶȴδ˿ĶУһЦ
Цһһ쳹ǧڷɶǵƣɽ嶼Ǳѳһ޴ѷ졣
˧С׵˼״ʱһֶǰȴ߻ֹ
ȻҪ֤һСӵ컯ˣǶǰˣҲգվָһ
ֶһЦ˫ȻһգϽâʱϯǹɹϴҲڴʱѡ


һǧһʮ 

Ͻâϼ⣬͵ֶڱӿٵϽ̺֮ϡ
ֶ棬Ƹ׳أԼ˰ٵƣӿ䣬ǹɿֱǽռóŤ
ֶ˿ȻͬһѧģƺҪƴԪΪȷЩ룬ռݾϷ硣
˵ŰֶٵϽȴ̾ᣬȻ˭ǸоóֻĻⵥһһϽƣҪƸΪһЩ
Ŀ¶ѹʯֶҲһЦ΢һȭ
һȭûκεľֻȭʱ˰ٵƽΪһޱȵɫ⣬ֱֶȥ
飡
һĺХ·ɽ壬ֱǱѳһ޴֣ɽ嶼ڴʱһΪһȭȻҲ൱֮׺ᡣ
ֶ֮ͫмٷŴĿ磬ҲӹһĨأͬûκҪܵļҪ̽컯̶ȣЦ
𣡡
ͷ˸ֶһϽâϯٵϽƱӿֱһȭӲǺХӲһ
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ݣ
ǵȳ£ֶӰҲѸٵĽż㣬嫵׾ֱؽסҲǽǹɳľ羡ص¡
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Σֶ̧ͷŲԶ˿࣬ɵñȭЦ컯
Ǻǣٵƣ˰ٵƿ⣬ͬһȼҪʤ㣬Ǽѵ顣
ජֶϵĿһЩ̾һ۹ȷá
ǫˣǣҲԽ컯ӵ̶ֳȡֶЦ
ܹõǣı£ұλŰȥûɹֻ˶λԶǡٺһЦ
ֶҲ̲סЦЦеλӦñָʥ˰ɡ
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ֶȻȻǸս˰
ǳ֮Ĵİɣֶ漴һЦʵ
ٺ٣峤˵ƿߣ֮ҲͦȤʱ˭ܻã¾͵ÿ˰Цֶ䵹û˿ĹĨǣҲû֮еĿ
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á
ЦģûõĻǻһ£Ͼ̷ϣԼˡ
ֶݸжĺøе˲١
İִ壬ȴǻδ¶档ֶԣСĿɨɨ
ǺǣǱȻģٶȣؼܹңֻҪ룬ʱִܹףЦ
䣬ףɫ΢Ц˵Щһǰϲû
ףϵǿ壬ٶȣͬ
ϣͻȻЦֶ̧ͷһֻտռ侹ǼٵŤռ伷ѹ䣬ӰŤռ䶯Ÿֳ
Ťռ߳ˣˣΪһߣΪİСȻľ˲ȴ˿ף磬ҵ
ԭԨϡףŴˣһЦģȻҲʶ
ô
ֶҲЩشˣһŮͣǿΨһŮӣŮһ£üĿ续ĸ磬ȥٲȻһˣֻŽգȴ纮ͬǱͺŨ
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ʵȻҲط⵨ӻǲС
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ֶ΢΢üȴһŮԪȻС·ȴһɼǿ
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ֶŮʱ߷·ҲӦǷĿתƶҲû˿ķϻУ׹â˸һصĲֱӶֶȥ

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ǿľײûʲôֶֻˣ΢΢һ
ŮӡȻҲһλ̤Сڵľǿߣ
ֶž֮ӿôû뵽һͬ˷ھģȻһǧĵıˡ
Ȼи־㵵ĲλŮգͬڴʱӹһĨ죬ĿؿֶһۣȻҲǲֶǲѷɫľ
ǺǣλСѵѾͷߵͬһ
ĶȻ΢ڳĶʲô˰нֵľٶȻӲǵĸӦԨϱһЦؿֶ
Ѿͷοˣڼǧھ츳һˣλСѣɲ㡣
ֶ⻰ͷƤʱһ£ͷİ˵Ϊǳô
뵽˴ǿһǺŮӣȻӺ߱˫пһ˿֮⡣
λѣʱĻǿдһ¾ΪԨŮȻȥƺֶ˾ھ൱Ľ黳ǿڣᣬȻȴõֶпЦһ¡
ʱ˵ɡ
ֶҡͷڷһ£æ֮ĴУʱ档
һԵףϼ״ҲһЦȻ󽫻⳶Ŀ⿴ǻԭ磬ҿʱһԭѰռ䣬Σ
š
ĻΧһ˼΢΢ͷ
ֶվһԣؼƼǿߣ̲סƲƲ죬ڵ»ǿߣİ壬ԼЩЩͷĴɳ˶ǿǰ˷֮ᣬһΪҵˡ
뵽˴ֶҲǽգһüͷͻȻһ壬תĳ޿ռ䣬ǰ˲䣬ƺоһּĿ֮С
ָоһ˲ţֶ㲻ǷǴֻҡҡͷ֪ΪΣȴǸоһϸ΢Ĳ


һǧһʮ ԭ
򼫱ضʱڣγɷ籩ת־ǿҲ΢Щɫ䣬ȻƬԭǿԽԽ࣬ȴûж˸׵ش룬رڵһЩçײ̲֮ס̰ͼúǴҽ󣬸õòǿ̰Сʵʵصȴ
ֶһˣͬûçײҴȻΪԼһ𣬴Ӷﾹǳ˱Ͽȥһأֶȴ˶κСƾ̤Сڵǿأܹ纣ϢУһЩ൱˼ɵĴڡ
ʱȥͷȻһǵ顣
Ƭԭϵǿߣڰ̰صȴš
ֵȴõڶʱʱѣΪ˶ܹоǻԭ֮磬ڴʱ˼ļ
ˡ
糱ˮӿش˷ӿԭԵñȽĻԭڴʱٶȱûңǿУų
֮ǰǱѹס̰ļٶҰݰ৵
Ҫˡֶ㾰Ŀ΢ص
Щ˵С˼磬治֪λжѪ˴ףҡҡͷ
˴籩̤ת־ˣӻȥʱ䣬ŽЩڵ
ô˻׼ֶǱ࣬Դ˵رϾ죬ȻܹӦ൱û뵽ȴܹǿ̶ֳȡ
ң˼ļ򣬻ڶԶŴޣЩޣǲߣȴΪѲ
ҪʼԭˣҲ׼ɣ˶࣬ӦÿԷɢЩޣҲΪǷֵ࿴һԶȻЦ
ΪȻսȴϲƽ׵ĲҪУҲἫ鷳
ֶҲԶֻԪӰȳӳĻԭ֮С
ֻԼأһЩҽں˻Уǵš
ŷҪˡ
һԵСͻȻֶ۽һƳȻǼǾŷλҴͻȻһŸ֣ùâɢȥǻΪһɫȣ֮ϣŹϵķģȶ䣬һصɢÿռ䶼΢΢Ť
ħȣ
ֶ˴ȴ΢΢һⶫԶʮģԶʱڣǲ֪ɱ˶ħû뵽Ҳ˾ŷС
ŷϲռԶڱǲ١ףҲǿеĺɫȣɵ˵
٣ԶϣģǰʮֻЩλƣЩҲȷǿ󣬵ҪǰʮıǲһЩΡֶƲƲ죬
ţԶǰʮģȷǳ֪˿ɽֻ˾֡ףϳ
Ŷ
ֶĿһգЩĵһĳﾹȻǷƣǵһģʲô
⡭Ҳ̫ףϿЦһ£ЩҲǴڹż濴ģһĳĪ⣬Ī˵ЩԶŵǿߣ¶֪֮١
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ߡ
һͺȣǽӰӳֱͶĻԭ֮С
ף磬Ҳһˡ
ԶԨҲһЦףһ֣ǰռŤһǹʧȥ
˺ѿռ֮ܣۡףЦҡҡͷҲɡ
£׼ֱӳȴǱֶ߳һЦһգһĹϵֳ
ϱ𼱣ǾŷұҲУǶңҲ˲ǣ˻ȥԪġֶЦеص
ԶʮףϱϾˣһ۱ǽϳҲӹһĨ֮ɫ
ǡ
ֶЦЦһӣӭ籩ǣΪʮɴСУСС׵ϡ
ⷽ㣬ȻҪ䡣
ҲǴЦŶεˣӽڣףЦЦҲǸϡ
һ˾ϣʱ⣬ֱ۵ĿУԭ
֮ҲǸǿ߿ʼʩչֶΣһʱϼ⣬ǾʣԭžĻԭҲڴʱַǷ
ڶǿ߶ǶŻԭ֮зӵȥʱƬԭ֮һɽϣռͻȻŤ˿˿ɭĺ͸ŻΪһģӰ
ӰԶԶŻԭʢһĻµǣһĨ֮ɫֳ
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УһĮĿռҲŤһӰֳӰһ֣΢΢ģ쳣ǫ
鱨ͦ죬ô£ħôܲһ֡ǵӰЦ
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ӰһЦһԺеӣԶֵĳһЦ˲Ķǿߣ֪Ǿظɱˣʵ½٣
ٺ٣ʮֶθ߳Щ˶еľԼʧˣЩݺݵʹһǹԨпЦ
ռ䣬ЩֻǿߣҲ޷Ӧֵľʱ
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ˣȻȫħ˵ʵֻؾǿߣ
ţӦ㹻ˡ
ǺӰ״ŵһЦһӣǵӰǹƾʧȥ
Ǻǣħô꣬ҲǸÿʼʩչֶ˰
ǵʧһ޾ɭȴ𽥵Ʈ


һǧһʮһ ִ
ԭ֮У߰絶һǵصعţÿһ磬һǵ˺Ԫķһ壬һԲǿߣ¶óֲơ
ʱĻԭڣӰηĳȻʩչֶΣƴضŻԭȥ
ַֻʱʱʱػҽһЩǿΧֵԪֱǱ˺Ѷţǿ壬Ҳ̼֧顣
ʱһ⻪ҲǱĴܳӴܣȴٶȱϯҽһǿ߱ǳ׵׵ʹ˵ء
յأѹƽ˸
˵ҲȷˣŲǿߣɣСرһЩΪ磬ʵڶ㲻ʩչֶӲȻҲǲ̫ܣЩùļһѲ֪Ҫǿ١
ӰУһ⣬ӹǵ⣬ϸȥԭһС͵ĵֻǵΧֹۣâƺ൱ǿЩ棬ֻ˵ַòٿ尾۾е㷢졣
ȻֶʱǣУУЩ۵ҪҪˣ֪泩١
Ȼ˵걻ӡѹħɲû뵽䵽СףЦеƬӵĵܵĵϣܹӦһЩϵķģЩУ̺൱ǿ
ɱֻؾ۷ǿ൱ħİ
Ҷѣʵã޷ʩչɱħڻǲġֶЦЦǵʵҪɱһħǴ߶̵ųɹ䣬ɻһЩġ
˷֮ĴУֲܽʱħҲǿһսףЦ
֮ĴУô׻áֶЦһһӣǰռ䲨ྰǷء
ԭ쳣磬ѱ棬ܹӦռ䣬Ҫ˶ãǱִܵ
Ҳ⼫̫ˡףҡҡͷĿⶢŤռ֮ľ󣬵ԽӽԭԽһײ籩Ǹ鷳⣬ǻСĴ˴ޣҲǺǵġ
ֶ΢΢ͷȻֵط룬ٿѸٱܹ磬ֱԭȥ
ڶŻԭȥ·;ϣֶҲǼ˲ͲСߣͬŸֶαܿ磬⵹õ̾򣬹ȻǲԻ
˵ֶ֮ǰף˵ʱǫ飬Ͼ˷ھ磬ٲٿǵӦ֣·УȻԽȴûжǵн˿谭ֱԼʱ󡭡
鷳ˡ
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籩鷳ףϵһĻҲεҡҡͷȻǶ㲻
λҽҪȫˣҲע㡣
ֶɫصһӼ䣬ȡĿȨϷģҲǿʼ˸âһǿĲɢ
أ
磬ɫķ籩һͷŰţʱѾһЩǿ߱УЩҲʵȻһ룬Ԫۻ룬Ҳֱӱ񱩵һӵϣ˲鶼Ӳɢȥ

Ĳҽ˷ͣǸԶҲͬˣȻǿ߶谭
籩ü죬ֲܿΧǽӴʱĹֵ𼱴ٵҡҡڰ
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һԵڴֻڱӿϸȥǾǵЩܣ˸ͭǽڡ
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ٶֱֻı£ֱȻֱӳ籩֮ڡ
飡
쳣磬ǵصغǲͭǽ֮ϣֻһ֮ϵҫ۵ĹâҲһ־˵ٶţ⿴ֶЩľ籩Ȼֲֲû˸
ϣʱʱػһ飬⿴ֶеۣȻʤװҲǺõģǲֵ
۹ۣʱҲǱް취ƾܱһֲٶǰУʱֻҪ籩ַΧӦñܹܿصִԭˡ
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Ȼֶ׼ٶǰȥʱףԼͬʱ𣬶˲䣬·ضȻѿֻʮǧɵİɫǱֱӾǶƶ
ʣҲֶһĿֻǵصϣһͷɾ޴Ĵǣ֮ϣ硣
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ף磬һЦǿƣת־ǿ߱ʮλȻѲѲסǡ
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ҪʱȻֻú嫵ԪƥХԪ֮ϣ͸һֻصζ
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ػ޶ʱҵķ񣬲Ԫƥȴǽػùη񹥻δܽӽ
⣬ûûˡ
ڣף磬˽üͷΪʹڷ籩֮ڣʩչԪʮһ붼籩˺ѣȻȥԸޣһ±룬Ԫģ൱ľˡ
ֶС磬ж籩μ״æʵ
ʮӡֶͷҲصص
ף΢΢ͷ˫Ŀ΢գ߶Ԫ޵ķ񹥻
ڣ˽ǰüͷţ籩ʧȥıǼܹҲȻᱻɢʱǰٶȣҲᱻؼ
ڳţԼʮӺǽ˫Ŀֶ͵˫ĿҲһĨظЦݸֳ
˼״ʱһϲĿͶŤĿռ䣬ֻôʱŰķ籩ԶԶر˦˺棬ǳ˷籩ַΧ
鷳СգҲһЦ
ֶ΢΢ͷһӣʧȥٶȳأǳֺϰԵĴһɨٽţǶȻĿⷺһЩ𶯵ǰ
ǰգʱһǧӴĺɫѷ컺˺ţǷģħ֮죬һ޷ݵĿɢ
ǵˡ
ֶǺɫĿռѷ죬һУŨŨӿڣҵ˰


һǧһʮ ڰʥ
ɫѷ죬翴ͷĹ֮䶯ţѷ֮һƬڣֶľ޷֪
ֶһֳҲĿضϲǿռѷ죬Ȼѷ֮󣬱Ŀռ䣬Ҳ֮֮ء
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ֶҲصصͷһĿһۺ󷽣Ц͵˻治٣ô͸ˡ
䣬ֻԶ󷽵籩ȺУһ⻪ųȻ˸䣬ǳǲԶ
ȳֵģǾŷǿߣű壬Լ½½һЩĶǿߵȵȡ
Щ˵ȷʵǿȻӵֶΣ˶û˦̶̫̲࣬ʮӵʱ䣬ƬĻԭ𽥵رӰ´
Щǿ߸֮ȵĿ⣬ҲͶǾ޴ѷ죬Ƕ𶯵ԴͷԴˡ
˶ʡ͵ĵƣռǰɱŽ̰׷ա
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ֶİЦЦ˫ĿضǺɫѷ죬ȴ̲סؽܹоڵڴʱĵزֲֶҲܹռڣӦһϵ
ϵӦñ֮
߰ɡ
ֶһȴһ߳һԵСС׼״΢΢һ£ǶֶΪ˽⣬Ըһʱ򶼲ǳͷ񣬵˴Ρ
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С˼״Ҳǲٳɣһ֣˽ӳȻֶǿռѷ졣
ǴͷǸǿ߽Щ಻סǾŷԼҲ΢΢ɺһѷ֮ڷӵȥ

ֶǿռѷʱʱſ񱩵Ŀռ䲨ϯȴûзǹɿռ䲨ٽţǸоǰһ㱣ٶʱ⾰Ǵ䡣
ӣֶĿһʱͶ΢΢һ٣ǰģһƬͷĻߴأֻƬ֮ϣݺزɹ֣Щ֣һۿȥ֪Ȼγɣһּ˿ֲĽսб˺ѿġ
Ƭռ䣬ȥͬһƬĿĹսһ㣬һɹϵĲϢǧ֮Ũҡ
Զȥ·ܹһЩӴɭ׹ǺЩǼΪĲƣ޷ֱΣʱأǹǺ֮ϣӫ⸡֣һçİĲɢ֮ǰЩ֮ضǾ춯֮ˡ
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СǰҵĹս̲סһ̾Զŵǳƽ٣ؼ飬ܹ⡣
ֶ΢΢ͷؾ޴ĺǣҲеأЩħȷǿ뵱꼴λ죬ֻʤһ˲СŻڰвֽ֪쵽δءħ
Ӧ˲ԶŶǿߣҿЩǣŲٶԶʱڷŴڵ塭С
ֶٶȵͷԶʱڣ޽ȻΪķʢаɲֻ壬Щ壬ǳƽȥ
߰ɣֱȥ
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˾ҲͲһǼӶΪĵ磬˺žأܿرʧԶ
Ƭսƺ쳣Ĺֶٶʩչ½ʮӣȻδܼս˿־ͷļֻǵϵĸ־޴󺡹ǣ𽥵رöǳɫЩأȻ⻹ֻشսһǣпҲܹ²⵽ǳƽٵĿ¡
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ԨкڰȥֶˣͫҲȻһֻԨ֮ףһȻһ޷ݵľ
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ֶҲǻҡͷĿ⿴СһɫأһһٵصԶŰ֮һڰʥ


һǧһʮ 
ڰʥֶ˧֣㶣Ͼ޽磬ɲûֻĴڡ
ڰʥ˵ЩĹͬ棬ֻԶʱڣΪشսԵʣڰʥ˴ѪҲǵ˥ܣ˳ĲΡС͵
ԶŹżпڰʥǼΪһλ棬߳ƣ֪ħǿ֣ʵ˾ˣԶʱڣҲһһ۷ǿߡ
ֶԣҲ̲סզ࣬νĺڰʥ壬Զʱڣȷ൱˲ֻϧأȴҲѰͬѪˡ
ǰźӦñǺڰʥһˡС̾һԺؼ壬ȴɢ˸п
磬ȥС׻ĿضԨ֮׵ȻӣʱһĨ죬Ȼ쳣ļ
ڰʥ壬ӵŻѪ˶ԣһ񿴼Ȼļ
ֶԴ˵飬˵ͷ˱ӳ˸ǳԨ֮ס
سǺڰʥ֮ǰֶܹȷеظоָȻǰڰʥûκѹȣֶѪӿ
СĿӴĺڰʥϣԥƬ̣ͻȻǰȥȻһգָģѪ˳
ǲѪƣ̽ӡ˺ڰʥ޴Դϣϥ£ȥƺһΪϵơ
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ѪСɢȻһѪߣǺڰ޻֮ϣЩѪ룬ֻǺڰʥ֮ϣȻһâӿ֡
ЩâڣڰʥӴ𽥵黯
ֶĿضЩڵĹâ΢ֻЩĹâڰ𽥵ۣƺǻΪһͷ͵ĺڰ׹⻢
Ǻڰ׹⻢ĿţǻǶԻĿУŹԼɣǶĿڼСʱȻǷһЩ
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С׵ϥأĿǺڰ׹⻢ʵѪõһĨ뼤
ڰ׹⻢ظһЦ˵ǻȻֻС׵ĶУֶˣȴ޷š
СױŵϥƣǴеĹ֮󣬷ĬĬͷ
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ֶ״Ҳ΢΢һЦС׻Եãǻ壬ܹڰʥѪԺҲżİ
Ԩ֮ˣڴʱΪǰջϲȻǺڰ弴䵽Сʱ䶸ֻüƷһӰȰ㸡֣һѱǶǺڰץȥ
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٣ʱ󵽣㵱˭ɵأǵӰЦһֳֻôһۣΪĸߴĿƵԪЩԪڣΪɫͷ
ǡԨˣС׶Ŵˣɫ΢
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һЦѣԨͳ졣
ǺǣڣԨͳ졣䣬һЦֻǲԶɽϣһӰ£ԡ
ԭǰԨˣ٣忴ϵĶҲǲССˣȴһƬЦ
ǺǣȷǣΪ˺ڰʥѪǵҲֵáĿһ£Ц
λѣӦ֪ڰʥѪǻŶôҪǽܹǣǰԨ壬ԺհΣ˵
ǰԨûȤⶫҪˣǱٴ˼ˣڹүԵʲô¶ûСص

ԣҡҡͷյû취˰
Ȼ鷳ҲڰʥѪҪԣܹõ˵ܹԶʱںڰʥһʱǱضܹһͳ壬ٶ֮С
ˣƾˣСЦҪүƾˣ»ʸ񣬻峤࣡
ֶҲĿˣѶȻ̤ת־ʵǿûʲôвϾˡ
ȷƾǶЩκβǡ
ЦЦĿŹ֣ڶڰʥѪģɲֻǰԨ塣
ֶԣʱһݣ͵̧ͷֻԨϷͻȻŵƷ𣬶ֻĵ֮ϡ
ɢȥΪĵӰϢ纣ĸ׳Ԫ嫣Ȼ̤ת־ĳǿߡ
ħ壬׻
СλǿߣüͷҲǽ
޽壬˰ֶƻգص
СɫҲЩЩһǻץʱǴ󲿶ӱɢģȻǴûǿˡ
ǺǣλӦñ󹬵˧ɣӵħѪ˵ҲӦһ֮ˣܹڰʥѪǣħĴ󹦳ź۵Ŀߣ¶âضСףЦŵ
СƲƲ죬ЦһħļһҲʲôû
Ǵ󹬣壬Ϊˡãܺá
ֶǿߣصͷǵͳѹֵŭɱԨ֮д⻰ɫ΢΢˱䣬ת뵽ڰʥѪҪԺ󣬽һҧ׹

ֶһͬźɫ֣Сһۣ΢΢ͷϣӿ
ȻˣǾֻСɱˡ


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źšֶص
˧ԣʱͷһգһöѪǳУֱӱ飬ƬʱһεĲҲһ־˵ٶӳȥ
λ߻üĪҪ󹬵ϹµʱߣͲʲô򵥵ˡֶĿضǰת־ĳǿߣص
ߣ͵ҲôͬǱɢҪΣߵ
ټԼأСص
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СҸԶԸˣСףһ˱ɡֶ˵ȻСҲħѪȻǰλħĳǿߣûд˾˿˼
š
Сͷ˵ǰ˽ת־ʵƾǿᣬҪһжʲô£ֶСھʵҲ쳣ǿԸλת־ǿߣҲʲôܵ顣
С˧ҪסԷһˣ൱ס
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ǿɫȻ˱һ㣬Ϊת־ǿߣֶ߰˻Ƕӡ
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ֶһĨЦݸ֣ȻһξǹȰسѶǰһ䣬ɫ糱ˮӿֱǻΪǧٵìݺݵضŶǵصرȥ
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ѶҲЦֻŨâϯǵ嶼ڴʱһȭǻΪͷڻڻ쾫ìײһ
ֶʱСҲѳǺ׻ת־ǿ߳ȥú߶˲˿Ͼһ֮׺Զ
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С׳ؿħĳһۣûκηϻӶЯӰֱħĳϡ
˧ҲڴʱЦһһλħĳҲǲס
ʮӰ̼Ԩ֮չսʮУС⣬Զǻʵת־ʵǵȽ֣ȻѣƬԨսನһ޴ѷӳʯعš
ݣ
Ԩջ޷ʮ˵Ļƴʯ䣬ƬԨǶѶȥʮӰʱʡ
Ƭռ䣬Ϊİʮ˽Ȼе㾪춯صζ񱩵ɢȥܿرǱһЩͬҲǽƬռǿ߷֣ǻƳոȻĿЩȻƬյļҽս
ܹˣ֮Ҳ൱һ۱ǽֵ˫˳һЩ˽ﴫ
ǲôô󹬵˶һˣ
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ⲨӦǾɣֶȻǿᵽ̶ֳȣӦǽ˷ڲΰɡ
СȻͬȼת־ǿҪǿһЩһжĻҲô׵ġ

ΧգϵֳӰǰĴսе㲻ôֻͻȻ
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յһӰֳһһŮİСŮȴһͷ貵ӰɢΧһЩ޵Ŀ⣬ˣԨԼ顣
ŮӷĿ΢΢һɨȻֶͣڵսȦͨȻǿóµֶҲƾžǰԨת־ǿ߿⡣
Ծõ㲻ҪҲǼ򵥵顣Ů䣬ص
ֶ˵δ̤ھ֮ǰܹƾɵʵת־ǿߣǣ绢ҪԸǺѡԨȴ΢΢һЦҡͷ˵
أ
䣬ԶգӰ׺ݵײһ𣬿Ԫ˽˺ʮ
ֶŶɫ׺ݵˣüͷ΢壬ǵĿ̫ʱ䣬Ȼǡ
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飡
֣ҲһæʩչƣȻ͵Ĺ󷨣˿
ӵŷӡ֮Զʱڣѹӡ˲ħȻֶ޷ӳеҪסһλת־ǿߣȻʲôѵ¡
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ֶĿ֮ѣ͵һգֻƬնȻ谵Ʒɿģߣп趯
ھؼܹΪٿأͶ䣬׵·ӿ
ֶ˫ӡȻһ൱ŹֵӡʱҲ䶯˱Ǿؼ߾ǴܳȻ֮£γһԼǧӴĹϷġ
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ĿǾ޴ķģɫȴ͵һݣͬΪ̤ھˣȻܹǵģɲɼ򵥵֮۶ɣ֮У·ʲô˾˵Ķ
𣡡
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貵׹⣬Ժɫ޻ϱǹɾ˵ֱǽݺݵҽأر¶һ޴ӣ֮УһӰǱţԭǿϢʱȴή̫ࡣ
һжʤ
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ˡ
ֶޱ飬΢׹˸Լ䣬һϷĸš
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ֶҪٶȳʱƬͻȻŵƷ𣬽űӰսȦһɷĿ⣬Ǽֵֶš
ҲǸˡԨ״ʱһЦ󹬵డ
ôҪ󹬶ֵ˼壬ɵˡ
Ԩ䣬һЦǴԶ쳹𣬽ʮӰЯϢӶƣֱǿɫøѿ


һǧһʮ ·ϵĴ
ϣƷսȦ֮УӰ˸Ȼâɢȥ˫Ǿֳ
巽ܹ˸Ҳȫӵת־ʵȻ˷ΪռɧҲĳڲٶǿߡ
Ϊ˴壬ǵĵȻȲĴ壬ҲͬС
˵ݲʱǵɫȴǺÿȥΪǶ棬ʮӰն׺ݵĿ⣬ƻ֮ǰֶǷɢףϣ࣬Գ˧ˣҲڴʱظϵ
ֻ󹬣壬ǿߵݣȻ壬Ϊĺ
ϣԭЩ𱩵սȴΪ˫ľִﷴ𽥵ͣǿԶ溬Цˣӽ̲סض˶
ףԼˣǴֻصĶǿߣʵԶѰת־ǿ߿ɱȣҪֵĻ¹˾ܽǾ
ٺ٣˵ڵĵӿԽԽˣ̷ֶ֪ϣǾȻҳ֣ǿǰɣЦ
峤Ƕ֣Ǳ塣ףҲǵص
ǿԣ嶼е㽩ӲȻ޽Ҳ壬ȻǲҵԼģǴڣض
ǺǣλҪŭֻһˡ
ħλϣЦһ˵Ϊ˻úڰʥѪǵ壬ҲܹܣģȻѾʧȥõĶȡᣬȻˣٵ壬̫ˡ
λ󹬵˧ҲħѪ˵Ҳһңᶯ˼
СԣǰЦĿ֮УӹһĨ⣬ħõĲˬպлᣬɵúúõˡ
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˿ԣԶУĻĪҪɱˡֶƳһۣŵص
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ڽ·;Уֶһδ˿ͣĿ⣬ضռУ·ȵĻҡҷ
·;УҲ˲ٽռĸǿߣЩŲСǿߣЩǿڼֶһ˺󣬽ּɵϾݣίʵЩ
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Ǻǣ֮ˣ˵⻰ûãø߸һ˵ȥҶǵ˽⣬ҪǲСʦãǲܵ顣֮Ц
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ӦܳܵסֶƫͷȥҲǸЦһӲͷƤ˵
вܵסұ֮һЦûгɰգҿɲ׵ضҵĴС
ػֻɰգֶͷЩð亹ɹʻ᲻̫˵㣿
浱֮ĴѰ֮ô֮ü΢һ֮ʵԶʱڣҲֻڷԼ֮еħԼǵȰױȡ
ֶЦһҲǳĬȻôУҪȥػȴʵЩ԰쵽϶ĶѾ߲ԸҲԲаְ
һԵĬԼĲǰںڰůԼǺݺ׹ʱѹӣ̲סҧҧ촽Ŀеɫһɢȥ촽΢һ£ϸ΢棬Ը⡭ػһΡ
ŶԸ⣿
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ֶҲе⣬̧ͷһۣȭ飬ֶȻУպҪĵطֶؽ
ĪҪѹңұˡƫͷȥ
ֶͷصģԺԶ㣬ͲʲôӰˡ
⻰˵꣬ȴͻȻü΢תͷֽգݺݵعһۣǰ㱡ŭõֶԸĪ
֮ЦˣҲδ˵ֻǰ˰֣Ȼˣ⴫У㽻ˡ
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ʮһĻɫʱ䣬ȵûȻʩչۣ֮
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˵˴֮ӣ϶ӹһĨͬɡ
ͬɣֶһб̲סӿ֮ɫȻһαǽֻؽٸ˹ȥ
ǰֻؽٿֲ쳣ɹһرΪףͬɣǿ£СʦҲǲ֮̾
ֶ˵ͷѹֱᱻǰ㿴أ츳뵨ǣʵ
ǷˣʲôΰֶʵɹֻؽٵֻؾǿߣƬؼ۷壬Ƿ棬ȻǳΡ
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ħ֮УҪѰʦģҲֻǵĻߣħʳſˡ
ħʣԶŵǳشսйħʳôֶ죬
֮ɫصصͷḧţұħ֣֮ʦȡ
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һֱһ԰˵飬Ҳڴʱ̲סʵ

֮̾һʦһħʵľսУȼֻأħشӡҴλѷ죬ٽλѷҲǳ׵ķӡϾħ֣Ƿܹջʤ
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ħλ棬ȷǸǿ֮ص
ǰҲԷƱȻЩħȷǵƣܹͬ࣬ħʣͬ澳ǿߣǡֶɫ
֮һҲЦüٶӿ˳㵹˵òҼǶħʶҳ֣ǣҪﵽʦһȴʲô¡
ҾͲħҲܹ͵ֶЦ
֮ҲЦŵͷħʣʦشӡ˵˵ҲЩħ
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ֶô˻ȴӹһĨ֮ɫѵĻǾʹӦʶᱻȡ
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֮һͻȻ˵ֶʲôһ̾Ҳ̫ģһ˵ֻתһΪ
ֶɬһЦȻó֮еİο֮⣬ֻǱһôʵǿ֮ѷһת˭ʶǲ˵
ڶɣȽԼðɡ
֮صֻеӵпȥıʲô
ܽˡ
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ҵʱҲˡ
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˵˴֮ɫޱȣһԵֶҲ֣صصͷΣգû˿⣬Ҫ͵ø쾭顣
ڴУҪĻסֶܴУ˱ǽ٣Źϣһ˳£ܵǣ֮
棬˵ʲôء
ֶԴ˵ûɶӦһԵ鵹Щ죬һǰ׹ƺ̫¶һЩ֮ҲȻǸ֣ѹֻβҲЩǣ

֮Цһٶ˵׼һ£ҲҪˣڳɰܣȫˡ
ֶ˵ͷɫҲأ£Ȼƽ
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ڶתţȻڰĴ죬ֶ̽壬
ͿˣϣҵĴУϾɡ
ڶתΨ֮Ȼػصţ󳹵׵ʧȥλؼ۷ǿߣҲһ̣ɢȥ


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ֶ̧ĿȥҲһܹо⺣УһּµĲֲǿհˡ
Ϊصֻصζ
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ʱֶû˼ЩһȻ˫Ŀǻرϣʼɡ
˵˫Ŀͬʱ価رϣӳʱ˵ľμشţȴǷ֣ĻǵľӲʯ̨ԥ˰κ𽥵ؾһ
һʱЩ޵ϣҲȻķһĨϼ
˵ľһͻʯ̨ƮǾƮֻѤֻ֮ϣҲŵѤЩ֮УԣӰ˸У·Գ硣
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ֶ֣ͶϤֶԶǾҵزţҧô꣬ҲЩˣҲصССȻۣȴ޾İȡ
ֶ㱼䣬Ҫȥס֡

ʯ̨ϣյĿͻȻЩؿһǰ۾һ˿˺ֶһһǿӲͬʯͷžŷֻ̤ؾ۷ǿʱɱ⣬Ȼʱ飬ȴһӡ
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ֶƣȴǺ޷Ӧ״ɵüԥ˰Σһҧ󱴳ݽҧ촽һ˿˿Ѫ䴽͸һѪõ塣
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Ѫڴʱ˳촽ֶУſ
ĺɫƣڴʱɢȻֶҲǰɫƣԽԽŨúǻΪһڼ룬˽ȥ

ֶڽӴʱһƴɢֻǰӰʱŤȻ𽥵
ɢֶĿ⣬ޱȵĳͣһӣҲ΢΢ͷһĨ֮ɫ
ֶǼⷢᡣ
ٱֵôҲȲ㡣ͻȻֶ顣
ֶ΢΢ͷһһĨЦݸֳһļ㡣
İɣû£ңҺܻܿˡ
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ݡ
ĹӰֻأһԴԴϵֶԺ֮ӹȻһΣȴǲΪ֮ԣǱŹĿ֮Уƽʯ֮ˣ䣬ƾ档
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Ѥֻ֮΢΢һֻ̺֮Ѥ⻪Ӻĵ֮С
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Ƕڵ˫Ŀֻ֮УȴһĲɣУԼ䣬·һֻּزɢ


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ʯ̨֮ϣ껺˫˫ͫҹգֻ֮תһ޷Ĳɢ·Ϊ֮
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оֶĿ⣬Ŀ˸һ£ǲǰ㣬һǿ̧ͷĿš
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ԻƽƽֻȴǶһ
û߶ֶеȻ
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˵˴Ŀ⣬ȴǽض嫵ĺ
˵Ҫ뺣ӹһĨɫֻ֮УźƵ֮ǰǽֻӴֻ֮⣬ΪĲףǽֻ֮ǻл·
ֶĬһᣬȴǵһЦֻأ
ˣҲ̫ˡ̾һ䣬Щ
ֶЦЦȻƣ֪ɸҴһ
ƣҧҧƬֽ̺ס̫ƻҪҸԻ㡣
һԽ룬ֶûĲ˼ס֬С֣Ȼһɫ𽥵رء
߰ɡ
Ҳͷ˶һۣͬʱֻͨһˮӰǾֱƬ޾ֻ֮С
ˡ
˸ոУǱо˷ǵصϯȻһּ̬֮ڡ
ĳֶ֮ǿᣬҲԳܣʶ˫֮ڣѪ˿׷׵ڵľڴʱ͵ޣ·𼴿̾Ҫ鿪
ȻֶʹȣԵȴ쳣ƽû˿ʹļϣһĨζ
̺żʹƺȻشУ΢յ˫ĿȻǼʹýһֶ
ˮ֮У޷˵ȴӹһĨ֮ɫƬ̺εһָ̾⻬󣬶ʱѪӿ
ЩѪ˵ϸȥܹѪУһ˿˿ĺɫơ
֣һӱУѪǲϵش΢΢Щס
ճѪʼۣǻΪһѪ룬˾ذС
Ѫһضֻ֮ȥΧһɹɺƥȴ糤ˮһ㣬ͶѪ֮С
ֻ֮ڴʱ
Ѫ֮УϢעǿᣬһؿҲڴʱسƶȥ

ʱ䣬Ϣţ֪ǽռ䣬࣬ʱ䣬ҲΪ˼Ϊ𶯡
𶯵ԴͷǵճֵЩħħԼһλѰħΪǿʮݣõ֮еκΪ֮Ȼ
֮УͬǲԻһЩϵǿһЩ͵ͬСҲԴԶĵ̣һЩԶŴԣħǶ˽⡣
ʱħǴǱܹ֪ǵ鱨ȻһΣݵħ֣ҲòеȻ˭֪Զǳƽ٣˶ôµĺ
ٴγֵĻֻǺֵͿ̿
ͷ֮УڣУȴʼɳ̽ӣѰħĺۼһʱ䣬ӿ

ս󹬡
󹬣򣬼һʢһգԴӵռħ֮ر֮Ĺϵټϲ֪Ӻδ󹬵Ĵѻ֮еϢ󹬳Ϊ֮һŲСһʱ䣬ǿ߷׷Ͷʵ׳
յԨɽʱӰУΪߣСʱΪСױչسת־ʶһֱ󹬣Ϊֶ֮ǹϵټݣû˭Ҷ˿󹬵˧ˣǺ顣
ڣС֮£˧Գ˧ˣǣƱ֮ǰȴǱһģϢ䣬ģһ˿ϸ΢ֻزȻֲţȴǱ棬Ѿֻء
һϸ΢ĽǶԣȴ֮
Ǹ󷽣һЩİףǵϢǿ쳣󹬣۹ģ󣬵ȷԶɱȡ
Сλ˴ĸͨ΢΢ͷ峤Щ񣬱ֶҪ֣Ҳ˲
죬컹δϢô
ϣ˧ͻȻʵֶûϢҲ֪ˡ
С΢΢ҡͷصλõģȻ֮Ҳʡ͵ĵƣȻްġ
ˣ죬ʱ򣬴Ǵ̽Ϣ˵üĿ˧ͻȻ
Ŷ
С͵ǿɲǼ˵
Ķƺսߴ󳬼ɣѽʣսߣǴ˵ġԪţ


һǧһʮ ǣɱȥ
ʱɳգǰ¹ȥ
򼫱ĻԭԴռʧƬҲٶȻָƫƧ֮ǰֻ𱩳ȴǰ㲻
صϯţ޴ķ籩ͨ㣬ŰƬأռ䶼ֿ֮£𽥵Ť
Ű֪˶ãͻȻǻԭĿռ䣬ǻѿſռѣһ޷ݵĺ嫲ȻХ
Ǻ嫲ɢ䣬Ӱǻ̤ռ䣬Ƭԭ֮С
ڳ˰
߳ռǰϤľ϶ظЦݸֳȻﻷӣУȴԵ÷С
ˣȻǽ֮еֶԼ飬ʱ䣬Ҳ˳˴Уֻ֮
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ǱϾͬѹһҪôֵĳƺôĿֶһۣ
ֶһ㶣ԥһ£Цұðĳһɡ
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ٶȿһƬԭЦһֱǻΪһӰһּ̬ǿޱȵ籩
һΣЩֶΪǱ籩ȴδ˿谭һ·ĳ̶ʮӣǳ˻ԭ֮⣬һֱ緽ٶʧ

ֶ뿪󣬱Ƭ̲Ъֱս򣬰ʵǣٶȻҲǽȣ˲Ƕ̶̰յĹ⾰ǵִսԵʮӣԨɽѽҰ֮С
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СĿҲֶͣϣһЦ֮ĴУҿ㣬ԪΪѲˡ
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СأֶĿһɨȴǷδС׵Ӱ
ԴӻҲǱչˣڳת־ʱ䣬ҲˡС
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СصĶߴ󳬼ɣԪŵĻʣ
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ֶ͸һ˻ͫеɱ⣬𽥵ַļ
Ϣǣʣµɣǵ̫幬ƺҲ̫áСص
ֶĬĬͷ˫ۣһȻ󻺻ͷúǵĮͳش
мռŲ󷨣ǡɱȥˣ


һǧһٰʮ ǲ
ֶһ󹬱һս㣬Ѹٵתǿ߻ԨɽУȴĵǲ
Ԩɽһɽ֮ϣֶԶգǧӰӳȻ𽥵γһӴ
Ϊ붫̫֮ңԶҴ˷ֶȻҲҪǿռŲҲǼ˵ĺƴ󣬼ǿƣҪҲǵĺüյʱ䡣
죬˷˴󶯾ǰ򣬻᲻Ĵֶ˧ͻȻ˵
Ĵ䲢̫ĺżȥǱߵã˴ĴֶԿҲЩ鷳
˵һĶʵȲ򣬿ĴҲǲС
ĶǴңǿٴղһȥһԵСҡҡͷ
Ǵ˷󹬱ǵüٴ룬ûԳ˧Ҳǳſڵ
ѽϢ֪ͨ壬ߺǻǲǿ߰󹬡ֶص
ô˻˧Ƿŷĵصͷæأûʲô׵ؽ󹬡
ֶС磬㶯Ū÷зﰡ
ֶº󲻾ãԶĿռͻȻ΢΢ŤӰӶһ˸䣬ǳֶǰ
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Щζ֣ڴлصò˾΢΢һȻǵĿ̲סͶһֱû˵죬Хϡ

Ĭõ죬Ҳڴʱ̾һϵһĨģȴһֻı⡣
Сһöû˰ɣǸǿСһȴǳΪּҵĽ
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ЦһһӣΪƾڸǵ󷨾ܻȫɣԪǿգǾ͵ɣ
˵ţźһ񣺡ǰ󣡡
ˡ
¼䣬ֻǿԪ͵ϱϰٵӰֶЩ˸ϢǿᣬǵǰźڰͼƣԪŵı־
ϰǰһߣɫĮŶ˵Ŀ⣬һ㡣
Կ
ǳǽϵϹһʱɫǾ䣬ЩڵԣҲӿһĨ֣Կ³ֵĶǿߣ˵ʵת־ΧʱȴǱӦСʦˡ
û뵽ֻΪһѣԪžȻһת־ĳǿ߶˳
һȺϣܹϷǰ֣Ҳиˡ
ԿĮһЦȴЩе϶˵һӣֻԪ·ն
Ϸһָ󣡡
ԿкâһһָյԪ۶ΪһǧӴԪָָѹգ֮㣬ڶྪĿУصغǾ޴Ĺ֮ϡ
أ
У·ڴʱݺݵز
Ϲ۳һͺȣһǿľϯ侫ոսӴָһѪɫήңʵȥһת־ʵ̫ǿ
ϣ
ЩڵӼˣʱæš
ˡ
סزţ˼һĻҲžǳǽϵҲתХ߷ֽס
飡
޷һת־ǿߵĹһǻΪߣըǵҲڴʱѡ
ָ˿رǶųǽ˺ݺݵغƣǺУӡ
֮ͫмٷŴľָҲžһභӲ
ؿХУҲһ̾§Ȼ̧ͷԽԽָĽô
СӣҲ֪ôˣϵҪˣ㶼գǸТĳСӡ
ХգȴһЦǼռŤһϤӰָ֮¡
ǵӰǸТӡ
ǰĻþôХҡҡͷȻĿһֿۣµĹƣƺû
ǽϣãȻĿ̧գٽţϵ飬ǻ̡
ǡ
ϣһӰֶָǳͷ룬ȴô޷ȻǱǼǵӰָ̧һ
顣
ָ£ԽǶǺһָȴصһ㡭
һλת־ǿߵǿ󹥻Ȼˣ
žԶɱڴʱȻֹ
ǽϵ˱㶵ؿǵӰöûӦǣþˣ
ǰ
ĪļæǽӰǼæХ״ҲæҪֻҪʱȴǷ嶯˿
ҿɳܲ𡣡
ЦӰд£ХʱһǵӰŨŨ뼤ӿ

Щ˻Ƶشд
ϣǵӰתӣһ統ʱֻϣȴǶļԼ졣
꣬Ѿɳӥ죬ض֮λ
ֶӰ΢΢һٶȳʱХǰӵͬѪʵˣж˼ڴʱ׵ӿ˳
һֶ̣֮ͣ۾Ǻһ統Ǹ۵ҪǱꡣ
ˡ
ǰĸף˵


һǧһٰʮ 

ǰϤӣʱֹסĹȻΡΡƣظֶӣǷСģ·ǰһĻֻ֮ǰĻ
ֶ΢ЦվǻһЩԼϣഥѪĸоļ΢΢
㡭㻹ţ
ֵů׵ѹ޴ľϲӿգȻ͵һѽֶסǿ޸ͣ˭֪ڽֶԪűƵӳδϢʱĵǺεȵ˺ѷΣҺϢ˵ֶȻţתһЩֻҪ뵽ֶ洳ܾʱ۵һ㡣
ֶرͷؿļϣκվδй˿ηĺɫ˫УͬЩˮ
û¡
ֶһתȻ̧ͷվХͬǲϲãȴǱضࡣ

ֶХһЦ
ߣСӣ֪һȥô꣬ѶûХһ壬ߵ
֪Ϲ˵ԵĿˣʲôʸ˵һ⻰ʱתŭ
Ըȴڴʱ绤ĸ
ХЦһֶǴЦӣ۾Ҳ̲סغһЩСӻô󣬵˵˾ֱӻؼңûô£ֻҪ;Բǰί
ôôɿˣֶӣ㱻Хⷬ˵ñӷᣬֻǵǰǵ꣬ʲôؼĶǿߡ
ХЦһȻϽÿһСӣүү
СһŻ˵˵Ц֮ǰһֱĬʱȴһ㣬һ˸һЩỨĶֶϣĽ
үүϻô׳ֶЦүӿǼȨˣʱЩ¡
ЦǰصֶļЩصãСһּҵĽ
ּңܹӵ˸ߵĵλ峤ͿһУֶƴ
ʱǽϵҲ𽥵ػعվХǰ꣬ﲻ˶ֶЩϤ֮ǰֶ뿪μӰٳսʱֻһѣȻټʱ꣬ʦ緶ǰ֣ǽһת־ǿ߹Ƶֵ£ʵжֲ
ǺǣԭֶСȣҴлˡĪ첽ǰȭЦЦЩ
磬ʵΪνĻֶ֮Уʲôǡ
ֶҲǳЦЦȻĪ꣬ЦĪ֣ڵڻðɣ
Ī鼤æͷһ˲μӰٳսһ·龰ȡ
ֶʦ֣
Īһӵֶ̧ͷһȴһµŮŮģ̬ϸʮСӣֻĺߣǶԴ۾УƺһЩӿš
ǰȻǺǣҲǵڻĵĵӣһֱܳ㣬Ȼڵڵĵӣûһ㣬֪»ƷġĪЦ
ֶĵЩʦֵܣҲ΢ůǰȻ΢΢һЦ߼ЦݣСʱЩǺ죬С־һûƽǰ顣
Ϲϣ겻
ֶתλϹˣһЦڵʱûϹ壬Ҳûָ㣬˶ֶҲΪ𾴡
Сһﰡ
ϹǻҰ׵ֶͫȴοЦݸֳǸ֪꣬ȴǳɳǴĵزˡ
ǽϣԭҲڴʱȻɢȥ϶ϲӿ͵͵꣬Ӻֵ߳ڣδԶĵһַۣ緶ǾзһЩϣ
֪ǺˣԪųԿϣܹҪҲ֣ΪԼҪ鷳
ԶգԿҲĿųǽϵǵӰ֮㣬֮лصš
ƾǰֶĳ֣Կ֪ʵȻΪľˣɵ׵ٳ֡
Կһ˵ǽĿҲͶֶֵܹԿģҲֻкˡ

ֱֶۣǵǡ
ֶЦЦȴǸδתԿĽΧ˼״Ҳǲ˵
ϷĻɣ
ԿֶʱŭʢԪſɲԷҲ̤ת־ĳǿߣԪҲ˿塣
Ϲ
ֶ˷Ӧȴûתֻǵ˵
㣡
ԿȻŭһץԪ۶
ˣ
̲סҪʱǽϿռٶŤֶͻȻŽʮӰƾյֳ
ͻȻֵЩӰҲĪ죬һڲЩ͸Ŀֲѹȸк󣬶ͷ亹ֳ
죿
˧һۺ󷽽Կкâһֶʵһͨת־ǿߣȻҲǰţ
ΧĪǼ˧ֶǹģһ
ֶδǵľȣֻһ֣Į򣡡
ô˻˧ʱЦһһֱʧȥٶȳʱԿǰ
ϢȵϹҲ֪Ķ
˧ԿһЦֱһȭԪۣ쳹ǺԪУ͸һ˿ֻز
Կ״æתԪҲȫһȭӲ
飡
ȭͷײµϯȻ˱ǼԿһҽУǱĵɳǧɣԿǿһȭǽӲ
Ҳ
Գ˧״ЦһֱǳǵԿ󷽣һһֻ̺زȷ磬˦ںϡ
飡
ԿһѪδ壬ǳǰ˳ȥڷθ𶯲

ֵܶҲǴЦһӳһȭٶȽԿ˳ȥ
飡
Ӱ̤ȭХȻ˱Ŀɿڴؼǰ߸ϣΪϰԿڴʱɳһ㣬ȥǷģ˿֮߱
ԶΧǵڴʱһǽϵĪҲɫɷ׵һĻǿת־ĳǿ߰
Ŀ͵͵ؿһһֱں˵ͷûתȥֶһɺ̲סسǣǿɻǵǰ˶ֶĳƺ
졣
ȻֶȺֲļһͷȻδֶ֣Ƕףһֱ΢Ц꣬µˡ
ХҲضһۣȻһЦ֮࣬ޱȵĽСӣ治֪Щ꾭ʲôȻ˵Ŀֲ
֪˶ãֶųһЦҽһ¡
£ǻת֮ǰЦݵӣر䣬̽ĺڶӿһ籡ԶɵǱӰʱȻֶǰʱԿӣǲѪ־塣
ֶ΢΢ЦЦʺǵЦݣԿУȴħ
ǰҪɱҵ𣿡


һǧһٰʮ 
һЦشԿĶУЦУԿܹоһĵ׷ŨŨɱ⡣
㡭㾿˭
Կϣ־һӿǰǶֵļˣʵȻȫѹƣµǣǵϣһּ˿ֲĲֻصζ
ЩͻȻ䲻֪ðĿֲһȻǴֻصǿߣ
ݣڵԪţ׵ó
ܵץҵļˣ˭ֶ΢Ц
ļˣ
Կһһ͵ӿŨŨľԼ֮ɫţ˻㣬ֶȻţ
ܣôܻôǿ
ţԿɫǺĵֶڶʱԿԪŵĳϣʱֶֻһСѣ£ǰˣʵԱǰֵǼ˸ֲ
̶ʱ䣬ôܻǿֵز
ֶĮĿһۣ˵ٻضʱԪ֮գԪϹڻŰɣ
ߣƽ̣ͬȣԪŹһΣҲܽߵڶΣƽ̣Կ·ƽģЦ
ô
ֶ΢΢һЦֻЦУ޾ĺ
ҪסϷҲûôף
ԿֶЦݣͷʱһ󲻰һںԪڴʱޱľϯռ䶼ΪֳŤһЩ
أ
ԿֱۣͻȻڴʱ鿪Ѫӿ䣬ǵԪĿ񱩣ĽֶѶȻһҲǱѪ䱾ǻΪһѪ⣬һ޷ݵٶȣӶݶ
ֶǵţԪһŹǵģ
ƴԱ˫˫ȣԿѣŨŨɱ⣬ؼصš
󷽵СһҪӶݣһߣ֣ȴǱֶĿĮȻԿӴܵķ֮ͫУâӿ
ͣ
ңԶ֮ӶѪܣռһ٣ĵڶƾյĸ֣һ㣬պǽѪ
ֶɫĮȻƣһա
أ
ĵڶУ͵ֲĺڶѹ֮˲ǽǵѪ뱬ȥţԿޱȵĲҽ쳹
ݡ
Կ屻뱬䣬һҲӳԿԪ񣬴ʱ־壬һߡ
ˡ
ԪոӶݶֻͷϷ޴ĺڶӿֱֲ֮ӽ
ҪŹңҿԸԪŵĺܶܡֱǽԿŵðԪĽ䡣
ڵ㣬ĵʸûˡ
ֶĮһӣڶתԿԪǱֱҽУʱ˵ؼصš
ϵĺڶɢȥȻؼ䣬Ǽžǽ⣬ȴһ˸ҿ˵
ԶգЩԪŵǿߣɫɷ׵һĻʵﵽת־ĳϣرĨɱˣ
ת־ĳǿ߰
ԳΪһ֮׵ǿڣ
Ȼڣȴ̶ʮڣĨɱøɸɾ
ֶǵڵǸֶˣŵǿߵļǰԿĲҽУǽǵӰĿУŨŨľӿ
ǽϣͬһƬžֶԿǰһĮĿЩԪŵǿߡ
ӣ
ֶɱĿͶЩԪǿ߶ʱͷƤ飬һУǷ׷Ӷȥٲս
˵Ԫţһ˲
ֶЩӵԪǿߣУɷȴǶȻӿ֮ͫУ׹һȻ˱ǼԶգͻȻһ־˵ٶȱû谵ۡ
¡¡
ǵصк£ЩӴܵԪǿ߽Ǳϯҽ쳹һ̿Ӱϵ׹¡
Ƶ
ĩհľ󣬽Ǻûɢܹӵе
ǽϣĪǰǵ˫΢Ӱһ˾İǰּʵת־ԿĨɱٻǹĪ⡣
ֶʦֺǿ
ΪȻŮ۾ޱȵǵӰСһƬǺ죬һȻΪӦСʦĳ֣ܹԪŵĹƵȴʼδͬǰĳ졣
λڵԺһʣ̶ѾǳԽ˵λͨǰֶʦ֣Ȼġôǿ
ûħһսʱֶֻѾԪͷսˡĪЦ
ȻصͷȻСŹ̵ˣҺҪϲֶʦˣĪʦ֣ô죿ҵľֲǻлСʦ㣿ѹ̫ˡ
Ī̿ӣôĿɰ
¡
ǵصЩΧľӣҲڴʱɹֶδɱǵϣȻٲһѪɺӡ
ĺХӣǼЩԪŵǿߣǾػΪ̿һܹѡ
ЩĽԼǿߣһĻһЩߣʧصؼ
ֶЩɫĮӡ

ֶƻӶʱԶصĻХ֮쳹ȻǱǺȻļԶϯһɿֲɷؼ¶ȶǽ
ৣ
Ƕƣſ͵һɷϯһǧӴĺɫâӳֱǽƬأ˺ѳһӴԨ֡
ˣ
ɫӹʣֱڳǽ·£һضǺݺݵزһ¡
һ£Ƕųǽķϥ£һһͬһ㣬ͬŨŨɷϿۣ·ǻΪһͷɾ޻
ʱڣлڴľӣɱֶĮش
ǣ
ͳĵͺ쳹Ͽɷ׻Ҳǻ£ǵɷ֮
ÿֲľӡ
ĪһĻɾнŨŨĺȻһ֧صǿӣѵҲֶô
ţоηֶʵ죬£һ嶫Ȼ
꣬һ
ԶЩʱʿѾ𣬲ѷĵͷӴܣɽҰ˺ȥΪ׳ۡ
ǽϣЩѾˣЩ˵ǴƬ̣͵رĻ֮
컶ηĿ⣬Ͷ˳ǽǵӰ˵Уſӿ
֪ӽԺ󣬴ӵһ棬棬ֶ
ȥٶȹʱƬأΪ֮


һǧһٰʮ ټӦ
ǣڴʱ˻ĺ֮ǰĲãǼشھ֮УһƣڣҲʧ磬ǰҾ磬һǿ̫̫ࡣ
ǴΪʱ̣ϣȴǰǵᵫȴ·زӰĳֶ
΢Ц䣬λԪŵĳǿߣɢƽһ£Ǳӡ
ʱ˿̣ǷţϣһԷƸĴ棬ִֻڣڴʷУδֱ֣ڡ

ǽϵľӣǳ˳УֻһЩҪ˳֧֮ɷĻ֮ʦǵЩȻʲôá
ڶǵһԺУڣΪսԵʣҲǽеתƵ
ʱĴԺȴЩڵļ֮ӿΧǿĿ֮⣬һȵĿͶȥͣڿеһӰϡ
Ǿֶ𣿿ҿ
ֶˣǸղûԪŵĳϣֱǱֶ˲ĨɱЩǱһ仰ŵþذˡ
ֶ˧
ιܱ𻨳ô
ٺ٣ҿֶһģǳᣬҲǲμˣʱֶ磬û

УֶŲ豭һڣЩ˽ȻСȴԱУǷһĨЦݡ
ָоҲͦõġ
У峤Լ೤϶ϯλȴһε죬λñֶģСӷͷӸȥ
ֶ·ССףףϣҲţǰǽǽһ飬ԼЩĳ֪ǰЩȫǿת־ĳǿʱͲȻе㷢ȻʵҲǰǿ࣬ʸô೬ǿߡ
һǣЩǶЩɵ˶뼫˿ĳǿߣȴûνİЦӭȻֶ֪ĪĹϵЩ˷ܡ
Ǻǣֶ
Цݣģûһ峤ϣЦеֶЦݵõúЩЦ뵱꣬λ峤УҲеλġ
ЩܷչǶ㣬֮ǰǳԺҲˣ峤λá
峤û˼ġֶһЦͷҲǽƻҪסô
ֶһԾܾҲεЦЦֶʵǳ峤Ī˵¾嶼ӵĪ
뵽˴ɵýȵĿ⿴죬Щ֮꣬ĹϵǴüá
Ŀ⣬ȴƫͷȥҲϺͿȻֶϲ飬ȻǲǿӸԤϾڵֲֶǵǸСˡ
ģҲֻεҡҡͷ
ֶǵľٶУЦһеĲ豭Ŷ£Цҵɡ
ּұϾһ֧ʶǿΪ˻ع帶˼ŬֶҲû취߳׵ķ壬Ȼ˵ĻǱռһЩ˰ɡ
һ㶣ϲͷХֶĵǸ˭峤һôʱ£ֶѵ᲻æô
Сӡ
һԵХԣȴ̲סҪ⣬æЦХͲƴˣĿãԺ峤ˡ
˵꣬ǲХ˵ǸϽȥģХЩĿɿڴʲôʱ峤λôɴˣ
Ȼ˵ˣӦŰɡһХԣֻܰյضֶһۣ˵
˵ͻȻֶһ֣΢Ц
ֶ£߹ȥϵЦأ֪ôҵУÿһ꣬Ůǡ
ֶһ㶣ãȻŮӣҵ
ȡХɿһŮܲСӻЩ۹ġ
ֶһͷˮεصλ˵˭
һһӦХٺһЦ
һΣֶӶ̲סɵۣ⵹ЩϣХʵе󣬶ӦǸĵСȻҲ㶮£
Ůܲ￴ҲϲʲôʱǴϲƵصŮ֮ӣѰĳɫȻǣ⡣
ֶΨиЦʱŷֽĨɱת־ǿߵҲͷ󺹵ĳ嶯
Ŷˣ޷̫ͣãⶫ̫ңҲż鷳һȥһˡֶæתƶ
Ҫ𣿡Ȼһ⻰Ҳæʵٲ
붯֮ѣȻҪȥæЩּ꣬Ҳ˵ڲչˣⲻáХǳ
ֶ΢΢ͷȻԳ˧Գǧɾش˴һж㴫ҡ
ǡԳ˧ͷӦ
ʱҲڴʱʵ
ֶ뼴̶ڼһЦհɡ

գֶХǵ֮󣬱ڡ
Ϊֶǰڵķ򲢲ϤҲǽһЩڶǵĵڵҲǴϣ⵹Ǹ˷ܣرλȻŮӳ֮Сϵ˷Ǻûȥ
һ·ϲδжٵĵ飬ֶǵٶȣԭҪʮյʱ䣬ȴǶ̶̰գ𽥵ؽ˵ڵΧ
ڵǿҪִڵɽʱֶȴͻȻͣһɽϣĿԶԶţ֪ΪΣȴźˮ͸һƽӵĸо
Ӧû̵ܶ˰ɡ
ֶʦ֣ôˣǰͿ쵽˰ȻֶͣЩɻʵ
һԵСһӵֶ֪ĪľŰȻ˻֣СѾͷȰ㡣
Ȼԣ۾ʱһɣ漴뵽СǿֲʵͷֹصƯ˲𰡡
ȻСȴСУǿӱ΢΢һǿŽСѾͷȥĳ嶯
ɣһȥһ˵ڡֶһ
ţͷźţСͷȻһסǻҪ˵Ůֱӽߡ
ֶһΪһӳ̶Ӻ󣬱Ϥɽӳɽ֮⣬һ޴ޱȵĻ󷨾ؿĵڵѲߡ
ֶǻ֮ǰָâתһǽ˺ѿһСӣȻιȰӽûκ˵ע⡣
ֶΣӴĵ֮ڣеʣ¡֮ԶԶĴǸԶĵڵڽÿյı޿γ̡
һĻĻϤؿУ޷Ĩ
ֶվһɽϣһƬƬֵ̨Ĭá
ֶƬڵʧĬ䣬ͻȻԶ̲࣬סС
ֶ΢Ŀ⸴ӵ̧ͷֻԶɽ͹ϣһٻӰǰǰڷһݣɫĳкɫٲ

ֶǵϸٻӰ̲סȴϢԼ˿ı¶ȻЩỳŽգܹʱȴеĪĺ££ʱıһЩʲô
Щ̨ϵĵڵҲʱͣĿɽϵٻӰĽ
ӦԪŵĹ赲ڵҲԽӦӡ
û£̺֮Щ¼ű䣬ֶҲ̲ס̾һǱϢǲһ¡
ˣ
ԭûµڴ˿͵ؼ·ҶѵڵȻ̧ͷȻǱǼ֮ϵٻӰͻȻվ
ǵٻӰһֱӳϣĿΣϤգ꣬û˵ɬȡ֮ģһֵߵֻ˿˿ı뺮
ڣЩһֱűգȴžӨỨ
ڵȻΪʲô䵭ȻСʦ㣬ͻȻ
㵵ĿȴҲĿɨɽһҧ촽Щŭؼ
ֶһͲҳң
쳹Ƭڣţڣ˲䱩


һǧһٰʮ ׳ҵڣ
ݣ
ƽĵڣͻȻڴʱ͹Ʒ֮ٵȻЩڵӱЩȻؼһڵĳӰسϡ
Ӧд֣ħһ㣬ⰲĵڣ׵Ƶ췭ظ

һƷһٻӰϣǷģӦЦЦֳʱǼӦϹỨæǰס֡
ô£
ԹâһӦҲֳӦģҲһ㶣ȴЩ̾ӦʵǿҲһɽƽ滨ıŭģлǵһο
ӦλڳϣĵĵǸĿ⾪ؿӦΧҲŲӰնоŲϤףƣͳ֡
ֶˣӦҧź촽ص
ʲô
ô˻˽һ֣ͳ˵ϸſϲӿæĿɨֶʦܻˣģ
ֶ
ӦЦЦӦһ㶣һӦƬڣ΢üͷҲûиӦֶϢǲǿˣ
ܣ
Ӧһҧڵʵ±ȵǿҪţȻǸӦ
ȵǿ
ӦЦЦ΢㵣ΧЩڳҲֶ뿪Ҳʱ䣬ʱδ룬ѵ̶꣬ͳԽƽ̣
ǻ࿴ţЦһǶ֪Ӧֶĸ飬Σ̫˰ɡ
ã㣬ҿܶȥ
ӦĿϵɨƬɽۿ΢ŭ˫Ŀ΢գ˱Ǹо¶ȶʱ轵ϣѩ׵ѩǵصڶֶ
ԶɽϣֶŷĵڣҲһЦû뵽ӦĸӦȻ̶ֳȣǰֻһ£Ǳ
ڼһϤʱеָоĸӣҪŲȴǽŲǧ޷Ų
ѩ
ֶ΢΢ʧ䣬ȴǸо֮Ϯһѩڻ
ߡ
ԶգӦ΢յ˫ĿȻһߣһʧȥ
á
ѩڻʱֶǸоæתߣȻһ̣Ųֻѩǰۣգۼ䣬һٻӰǳǰ
ǵٻӰŵɫȹ磬ɫĳк£ʱϣŹỨǶͬűɫʵĿؽǰǷ·һ̵ݺݶס
ֶɼΪϤһֱеһĻĻҲڴʱͻȻı˳ȻʪЩ۾
ħǣŮΪȣǿоǹһ˿տ

ڸʲô
ҲĶ֡ŷŭӣһЦ
ֻܱƵõ֪ȥ˵սǡҲ뿴ǵС
ǶϰҵԡǾһΰɡ

Ҳ֮ЩִҪ֣ҾõȥŮ᲻ϵµȻУȴŰɫ
ֻҪš
ΪŮĽֻΪܹסǸˡ

Ժ֮зţһжôϤգֶǼ΢ᣬз·ʲôڷӿš
Ӧɫϱ任ӣʱ䣬ƺһЩҲ֪Щ˶ٵĿࡣ
ҧź촽ۿͨ죬Ǳѹ˼ڴʱȪӿ뵽֮ǰһŲֵľٶ˼ȴǲɵûΪһЩԹ֮⣬һգѩ۶ֱǻΪһѩ
㰡ٶ㰡ҧߵУŭ⡣
ৣ
ѩһֱ˺ѿռ䣬Ķֶ
ֶ״ȴε̾һûκεܡ
ĽӽŽӽǽϵľҲԽԽǴֶϣȴڽӴɲǣֱӻΪһƬѩƮɢȥ
ѩƮɢǵٻӰȴԴһЩŭسСصشֶϣٽţԽԽǿ˳ѹֵĿУĿ˼뵣ǡ
ֶſԼϿ޵۵ŮҲ̲ס̧ͷһڱĿֱۣϸ֫§С
ĶŮȴǿ޵øˣģ·ҪѹֵĿྡкһ㡣
Ŀ˺ܾãصļʱǲԶҲֶ̧֮ͷֻǲԶӦӣӦЦЦ֣Լǻĵĵ棬ҲУڸԶĵȻͬˮһĶӿȻ˵ʲôԼĻһЩȵĺǷ·ֶʦֻʲôġ
ɽҰģǵڵĵӡ
ӦҲǲΧִ󶯾һֱû̫󲨶շһĨ糺죬Ȼҧź촽СȭͷֶһȭתصӦЦЦԣ߼״æ䱧סȴǶһЩο꣬öһɽһģǺþöûˡ
ֶһϤӣҲһƬɬǼǧûжٲľȴڴʱ࣬ӦһЦֵӦӦƽ̡
һȴӦӵ΢΢һһ֣֮Ĳ࣬ȴǼΪңԶ
һԵӦЦЦӦŮɫҲЩ仯ǰæֶ㲻ҪֵҲпԵġ
ֶЦһɫӵصϾҵ˳˵ڡ񴳽Ѿðˡ

ͻȻŭȥֻǻĵǺ죬ֶŭϷڵģҪڣҲҪϷ׼УΪʲô˾ˣǻʲôˣ
ȻںȴᣬֶвҴڣҲһֱ߾ȫֶħ֮󣬵ֶ֪ԪűƵڣŭֱҪȥԪˣ
ֶĬֶ֪֮ҲһֱΪ𾴣ֻͬɹأһڣң˭˳ȥǱһּص
ֶʦܣڵĵӣһֱҲ̾
ֶʦܡ
ԶͳɫأͬڵļľƣӦѾǵʲôҲӦ֪
ͳĲֶ֪֪ʦǵôʦֵܣͬħûһ
ǵһ꣬ŲʦֵԪŵУǻСʦãҵҲڻǵڣԪ֮𣬲죬ͳֶʦ˵һ䵱˵Ļ
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׳ҵڣ
飡
Ǻ󷽣ѹѹĵڵӣڴʱع£˺УÿһӶǳŶԪŵĳԼǰػ֮˵ϣ
ֶʦ֣׳ҵڣ
ֶʦ֣׳ҵڣ
ͳؼȻػصǹĪУصײֶͷһ̣޴ţ۾ҲǷ


һǧһٰʮ 
׳ҵڣ
ͳһƬȺɽ֮صһ̣·ɽΪ֮
ֶ۾ǰǺѹѹ˺һӣΪеļǱЩǺ죬ǿĿ⣬ȴǳһֽȵϣ
һԪŷսսڣڸ׵壬ԪŴνӦʵǣĵڣǻΪ棬ڵӣڻ
Ȼվȴûһ˷ֻΪлһЩϣħ򣬵ڵӲ¾ǵӰ֣
ľȻȵվǵӰڵڵзѿ֪ѱһ
ţֻҪٴվӭж⡣
ӦЦЦۿͨһĻ̲סز˲ˮһһμڵӵ˵ĸǡ
ֶɣǵʦֵܣҪ㡣ӦЦЦ
ӦĿҲǶ۾΢죬΢΢ֶܹо˰ӿӿС
ֶɡҲ̾һ
ֶʦ֣һֱڵ㣬ǵڵӣɱԪţ
ڵ󺰣һԶ۾֮УŨŨϣΡ

ֶһڱĿѹеĲ۾ð֮ĴһĨЦݸֳ
ƽ̣֪ڿɻ֮ͽֶӦӣɳƵ˵
ϲ֮ɫڴʱÿһڵзӿţ˶ֶʦ֣Ļˣ
գգֻҪ㲻Ҿͺá
ʱ򣬼Ӧӵľݣ΢죬æֶܹʱػصڣڶԣһܵ
ֶʦ֣
ӦӴ˻ʱĵڵӶʱӵֱǽֶ̧ȻһϲޱȵĻա
ǲԶӦһĻ̾ϢһͻȻܺڵ־ˡ
̬·һӲ࣬ô꣬Сػŵڣ󱲰ССǣΪɸ̫࣬ȻڿһЩЩˡ
ҲûдǶ㡣ӦЦЦģͷ΢ᣬסǲϵƣ
һԣһֻ޳Ҳ΢΢ԥһ£ȻӦһֻסõӦһ£ƫͷӦҧź촽Ȼɲû˵ʲôŶգҲڴʱعһЩ͡
һӦҲСŮǳ׵ķ˶ˡ

ڵһɽϣԪ۳ɾУպǷһĻĻĻﶼ
ףϣעǾھȻǲֶ֮ȷйϵ˷ĵȴܹе
СžУ̾һֶ֪ԵڵУɣҲȷֵǣҡ
Ҫ޵ʲôʱ򣿡
Сеεתͷͨ۾žڲĨᣬ䶼ǱʪİȻ
Ҫܡ
ȻǼģжŲٵֶʦڻˣǵڵʦֵܣһֱڵǶһġ
ȻǺ£ϣҲ׵Ŭ˭ȶáСص
Сɷ羰ĻȻʱǴ۾ŭҧ˵ЩڵӸƴ˭û͵
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᣿
СһкЦǿ͵׺˵˭Ųɱ㣿

СǶȻ׺ݵӣȻʱŵļһæܻϹȻ̽СԴŭضС
С״ȴ̲סЦһԵС׿ٺһЦ磬ƺϲСѾͷˣ
С㶣һһ˹ȥϹ˵ʲô
С״ЦЦһЩĪζ

ڵĻã𽥵ƽҲЦˣЩļһǾظȥ
ֶЦõؿԼǶ˺ЩѵЩһҲùһЩɣůĸоǺö궼δ˰
ðɣ
ŷ˵ǰֻУһɷ·Ҳ޷Ĩĵֶ̧ͷվǰӦһͷɫĳ΢΢ʹһ£ϻЦŵ˵ͷ
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ĵεҡҡͷôƻġ
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ͻɷʱõӴʧɫΪԪٶȽǵĽŲδãӦӱ˰ֶʦִǽŷŻΪŨŨĺ档
ϯڵڵһƬ̨ǧźɫеĻɾ㴣˿֮䣬һ壬ǹɷӦǿˣЩɫڵȻһҲ˲ɱҪ뻢ɾִ˶ȣǲ˲١
ڻɾֺӰҲֶڵɽ£Ȼֳ
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ˣС⣬Ǵֻصת־ǿߣ
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һ̣Ӧӵ˵飬ҲǻƽĿ⸴ӵؿֶڵЩû˵ֻҪȵǵֶʦֻһе⿪
һ統ħУǵʱ̳֣Ӱ


һǧһٰʮ 
ɽϣֶףϵҲǽһ飬ССףӦʶģҲֶ֪֮Ĺϵ
ףϵ˶ӦҲΪĿ˵ִ඼ΪֶĹϵӦӵʵҲֵӡ
ƽ̣˵˵Ԫŵ°ɣǸղлԪžǸʲôԪţֶǺ֮бâӿ
Ԫһ֮ǰսʱֻǸ𳬼ɳ֣Ҷ˲ɣĳȻԪŵİԵЩҲΪҵ¾͵Ԫš
ӦӿЦһ֪ãԪţֱӶеĳս𾪵ǣԪŵʵǵһ൱µĲΣת־ĳǿߣҲǴǣĳɣ޷ֵһƣ񣬶ϵĳɣͶԪŵģ¾ֻǵԼ̫幬ˡ
֮ǰԪɳ˴ڣйת־ǿߣˣǴһסˣȻ˶ԷͬҲˡӦӵ
иԿɣѾɱˡֶЦ
ˣǿɲҵĶ֡һԵӦֶһۣ촽΢һ£˵˵ţӳĺȴ·һһЩ
ԪŵЩת־ǿߣһЩϢȶȲģǱ˰ֶЦЦ
šӦӵͷЦҲܿˣת־ʵԳΪһ֮ˡ
Ӧǽħֶص
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Ӧü΢΢һأɫУһĨӹ
ħʱԪһСħֵĴڣԪҲ׷ɱңжħֶ
Ԫŵǹ֣˶ˣ׷ɱӦһŭȻֶ˵ɣ˭֪ʱȻһ֮ս
Ǻǣް˶ˡֶҡҡͷϹأʵΣ
ӦһЦһ£ԭ˵ԪͷԪ˴սʼڣû¶档
û¶棿εǻֶȻˡ
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ҾǵһЩϢԪƺһЩҸоǳǵģԪŶǵڱͺ֮ǣȴһֱǼ˴öضŴݻǵڵֶΡӦӻص
ʱֶ֪ϢڵʵҲǡӦЦЦ˵ֶǿ֧ԮڵҲǰĵ
ô
ֶЦһȻˣǵǺúõĻһˡ
ӦӵͷֶȻҲٲ֮ǰǸСӣʵѳԽƽֶ̣·ӦԼǶһЩġ
ãֻҪԪٸǰҵڱ׵һϸߵͣȴԹ

Ӧӵ̸ֶ󣬱㶼ɢȥСףҲǶȥ֪⻹⣬ǵǽֶӦ˸һʱǡ
˵ɢȥ˼ͻȻǳĬࡣ
ֶŮ޳Σٿһͷɫĳĺ̾һ㶯̫಻
Уһ˿𱸣ģһۡ
⻰Ӧȴǵһۣҧҧʲô취㲻ڣҪڰҡһֻ֮ͬǰǰؿȴΪһԸһеıɽˡ
ǱϸСֵ࣬ϣӹһĨ糺졣
Ժˣٶáֶͷ΢ůЦ
ӦĿֶüëǴһЩϲõȴƫͷȥҲŲһֹͷҴˡ
Ѿͷǳ
ֶεһЦʱҶҪȥƴ˰ܱؿұɱ˺á
ͷֶܱܲӦǱɫĳ̾һ
ΪʲôÿӦ͵תͷŭֶ
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Ӧ΢ͷƬ̺󷽲ֶ̧ܾûصˣҴɡ
˵ţǰȥֶԸӣȻ󻺲ȥ
ڵ֮ڣϵң¡¡ԶԶĴΧʱʱػŴĵڵ߹һĿ⣬ȴͣ˵ϣԶԶػЦ
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Ҫıֿ


һǧһپʮ 
ĵ֮ϣȻֳֶӦˡ
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ҸߵġһԵӦ߱ħöԸӳڱض׵壬ء
ֶͷڵڶΪأΪһƽ̣ӦȻҪ֪С
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ڵңֻܰħʴһЩӦЩȻֱʣ߱еȻҲǼΪƾڵҲû취Ĩ
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ǺðɣһΣǱֳħ˵Ӧصͷ
λͽˡ
ֶٶȶСһȻӦ߼״΢죬ŽԼϸС
СֶУһֱɢһӡ

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˰Ӧľٶ΢΢ʧƫͷȥۿ΢һ£
ֶһЦһ˱ǻΪһֱǴ߱ȥӴ߱ɲǣ淺˵ӰҲʧ

߱ڰ糱ˮӿֶһʱеı
ˡ
ɫĹͻȻɢڰɢȥֶƫͷֻӦһֻС̧޳ָ⣬һյ۶ɣͶĹâǴǱɢ
ӦƬڰĿȴǺâһصְϷ᲻ῴСˣ
һ䣬ֻһӴı˽¸ֶת걩Ǻڰ֮Уţŵ˻
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ħӰӦҲһߣֻһץħ۳һɫŭ£ռѣһħâħݺݵضӦŭնȥ

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һΣײһˣǾ̫幬ģƺǡɣ
ֶӦǱӣһʱŶ亹ð˳ײˡ


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ռѿֶվѷǰ棬ϲ֪¶ֱ飬ͷ΢Щ亹Ȼڴ֪ӦȻȥǺбԸвû뵽˾Ȼײһ
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ԪšȻҪٽڣұǰɡֶ̧ͷĿ⣬ϷϣŨŨɱӿ

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ĵڣ£ΪʱѱԪűƵֻܹţûжȥ顣
ʱ䣬ֵİУɹա

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һǧһپʮ ̫幬֮
࣬ΰɽ룬ӳȥֱӵߵͷƬأһɻֺ֮أɾ

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Ŀ˳ŲҽķȥֻңԶŹƣ֮У޾а֮ɢ
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ǵĹƣҲǼ˸Ԫŵӵԣкһٶȿ񱩣Щ̫幬ĵӣʱɱȥѪ·Ⱦա
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һԵԪǿԣʱߺȴֻǺ֮ڣԪ籡ЩԪ֮䣬ԼܹһЩâ˸
飡
ǿĹƺ֮ϣʱǹĹƣҲǵһЩ
ǺǣϷģģ̫幬Ҳ֧Ų˶áǴһЦŵ
Ǿ̫幬ѱϴˣ䣬ʵ˵೤ϣҲ˲ˣڵ̫幬ֻʣһЩСԪŹơ
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λԪųһɫɻȻǲû˵νܡ
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ȻҪΪλƽ̲ǰһλϵ
λƽǴڳֻؾؼʱ̣ɲܷЩ飬Ϸ㹻Ǵҡҡͷ
˵ǣԳ֣̫幬ʲôһŹάЦ
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ϣ˵ǵڵֶƺʵͦǿģԿ֡
ŶǰǸԪͬɥ֮ȮôʵǿǺǣԿܹת־֪ʹ˶ֶΣǰ鸡ʵϷ־ֶʰҲãԺԪŵ
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һλԪųϣҲЦЦУŤɱ⡣

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촽ؽС֣еѹ£ΪǵãңԶİٳսУһˣƾŵͼĳһ·նΪǰٳս֮Ϊҫ۵ˣǸˣ̻ʲôΪػһֶηֱǰ
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ݡ
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飡
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˵ԪϹҪԸңͽֶΣ̫Ц˵㡣ٶȽΣֶҲɫֵһЩɣкâһЦ
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͡
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ȻֶδǵӰȴ֪˱ضԪͷ֮һ
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ӦֶԣһǵӰʧŤռ䣬ͻȻ
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Ӧü΢ûв´ĻԪеǵӦñǰ˴֮У׽ġռ
ռô
ֶԪЩ꣬صļû뵽һ֪ٵǵС


һǧ ռ
ϣֶնһĨ˼֮ɫͻȻֵĿռȻǴسϡ
Ԫħ֮ĹȻǲٻˣȻˣԪͷܹƿؿռֶ૵һ˵ħ൱ǿҵĿԣֻҪӵħĴڣȻ۽ƿˡ
ǰֲֶȴǸ֪üΪǵĵȷȷҿɫܹش͸ռҲֻа˴֮еĿռܹ쵽ȻĻֻ̤ؾ۷ǿߣڴռʱ˵Ĳźۼ
ӦҲ΢üҡҡͷȻҲ̫ԪžʹʲôֶΣٿ˿ռ
ˣõʲôֶΣɲǵСֶһЦУâӿϹˣռǣ
ӦͷǱɫͻȻƳһԶϸָϵı˿ϣɫĪ
ͬһ·ľɫŮӡ
ֶҲǲĿ⣬ոԪžͷδ˿ݵӣʱЩ
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λõŮĳֽǶ˵ҲΪűıɽˣԸ֮ת䣬о˶ٵʹӦԼ޷塣
Ůӵ㣬ӹɣһǾ̫幬ôΪĵӣһӵűֲֻݣҲеĽͬâҫ۵ŮһҪ˭Ȼһܵ¡
⣬Ҳֶͬͷ۵ĵط
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ֶ磬û˰ɣ䵽ǰֶؽ俴һȦЦ
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˵ʣЩ䣬ֻӦΪʵԵʣĺ쳣Ķˣ䣬Դʡ
Ů۷ֽĿĽĴڣȻһ𣬱˴˵ĹâԼ䣬ֻĸо
Ƭ򣬷·ڴʱŮ֮УΧЩ̫幬ĵҲǽͣĿⲻϵɨɨȥȻƳƳŮмֶһЩ֮üͷ΢΢һͬĿͶֶ
СףϵҲǼŹֵգ̲סһЦֶĿЩϷʡ
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ˮͫӹһĨȻҲˣǾ̫幬Ԫˡ
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ΡҴ̫幬еӣлˣУλڵԼǰ
ǺǣӦõġףЦһҡҡͷˣ˶İɣϷЩܲˡ
˵ţתȥСЦЦҲǸɢΧЩ̫幬ĵӣҲ˿ֻǺĿ⣬ǲϵڶͶ
ӦΧɢȥˣĿֶһۣȻ΢΢һЦϸ֣ӦӦѾˡ
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˵꣬ͣҲתȥ
ܺáӦȥٻӰĬһ£ͻȻ
ȥ˵㡣ֶЦЦĿⶢ񣬵
òƺƽص˵ͷֻǰϣڴʱ͸һ˿ĺ󣬵ȥȻ˳㿴һĵ
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ֶЦŵ˵ͷ˵ɶʱǴȥͺˡ
һۣǹӷõ˹ͷһ£Ȼüһ£еظоһЩʻ㣺ǣ
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촽΢΢Ʋһ£Ȼƫͷȥ겻㵹Ǳ˺ܶࡣ
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Ĭ̶̵һ仰õʱ䣬ǰ꾿˶ô޴ļֻǼĹâɣȴ֪Ϊ˻Щٴǻ
ʵǰҲġ
ԺУӹǰĻ棬ǵѪĵӰֳֳǹԪͷȴû˿ľ⣬ǰǣΪ֮ݣ
ֶЦЦȻһ³һȻˣǾҲýе鶼һ˽˰
ôͻȻӿѪȣ
ֶ̧ͷĿⶢѪĲش
Ԫžһս


һǧ Ԫ
ԪͼĨɱ̫幬ļƻΪֶ˵ĸϵǾʹزۣ˵Ԫܣ̫幬ҲǻΪһƬ棬乬೤Ҳˣľ̫幬ȻǼΪʱ
ž̫幬ĵȥڰɣѾˣһԪ͵Ϯ̫幬ĵӱȻ˲ء뵽ľ̫幬޶Աֶ֮ҲԴѯ
⡭
ô˻Ȼ΢΢ԥһ£ȥڵĻеµĸоȻֶ֪˵õİ취⻹еССĿܡ
ڿѾǾ̫幬Ĺֶһۣص
ֽһ£㣬ڵȷҪʱΪЩ̫幬ĵ룬һЩί
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ֶǰķ棬̾һ̶ʱ䣬ڶ֮ϵĳɣǲɢʱУҲΪĲܰɡ
˵꣬Ҳת߿ɽͷϣǿʼϢȥ¾̫幬ĵЩ
ȥǵ𣿡źӦҲŵĿЩʰŲоֵľ̫幬ӡ
š
ֶ˵ͷЦɣ
ҲûôСӦһۣȻǰķ棬૵ʵͦģΪδ֮ǰڶڵţԪǿ߲ͷǴͷβδ֣ҵһʧܣǵôĵӣҲǰ㡭
꣬Һ㣬ͬʱֱ㾡ȫرŵڡӦ޳⻡ѩ°͵ϥǣһֱźƵϣȴڴʱӿһЩ۵
ҺµȲߡʱѻ٣ңҲƳһˡ
ֶԵŮȻòףˣֺ򵥹ǰÿɰеڵĵСÿʲôҲö룬Ȼ֮ӵĴǽ۵ļϣصۡ
ˣһˣЩӾɣƤģԿЩóġ
ֶᣬƣӦԴ˳ķ˿͸ŵΪ
š
ⷬȴӦӹһĨ糺죬λڵڵֶŮһּΪĹɣһýԼܹ૵İɣʲôҶġ
ԶڷԸž̫幬ĵʰŲо׼˵ͻȻ΢ƫͷȻĿǿɽͷϵˣҧº촽ž޲ľһЩҵ
ʦ㣬һĶְһԣͻȻŵ͵͵ֻ᲻֪ʱ˹ҲǲϵؿɽͷϣЦص
񵭵ؿһۣӦΪܹħͦӦȣҰҺԣǲ
УǱϾӣ﷽ʽҲǲͬߺߣʵҲ֪ģϲֶ磬ȻĻӣôܻÿ궼ȥһˡ
ʦȻһǱǻȵŶֻֻȣⱲӣҲֶܹܵˡ
Ȥ⾲ĶӣǾ϶ԹһĨյѾͷ˭ЩŵȥæȻˡ
ǡ
ЦӦһӻС֣ʦɱŶȻϿûҩɳԡ
Цܿᣬ촽΢򣬸ոշƽľȴǲǰŨ
˰յʱ䣬оʰϣֶ˱δͣĿ⿴һƬǰֺĵطһ̾һӣڶתȥ

󲿶ӻصڣȻҲСɧڵЩɫľ̫幬ӣǰ̾ⳡսǵڳһӦټֶʱ³Ⱦ̫幬Ϊıҡ
ڵ֮ڣӦþ̫幬£Ҳһ̾ɫ԰
򣬳Ԫţʣҵڻд棬ԪţӦҲǼصġӦӵ
ƽҲùڵģ˴ξ̫幬ȻʧСԪͬ˼Ĵۣ೤ϾĨɱԪħЭҲʧ
ֶҡҡͷԪţ֮Ԫͷƻ쳣ʱ򣬿²׶֡
˼ӦĿһ
ԪţĻҡֶâӿȴƽ֮
ӦӵȵڳԣǾһ£ԪǿѡâţֶȴǱǸݣҪɱԪš
ԪǿҵҲҪƴ¹˭ֻδ֪
ӦҲڴʱڵħƶˣԪȥ˭Ҳ׼᲻ʡ
ֶ΢΢ͷԪź棬վνġħЩһȻشͼıǲԱʴԪΪ֣ǲԪţƽ
ӦǰԪžʧڶѲǿһֱ˵ͻȻ
ŶӦһ
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ֶҲǲؿһֵۣúݣֱӸ׳нԪĳޣЩڰĸǿ߾ǰһһͬԪսһĻԪűҪһˡ
ֶΪΣӦӹһڵ˷֮ɫ
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ã
Ӧ͵ڴʱЩһڶ챻Ԫѹôڣ־棬ܹʼת
ϢȥڶǿߣԪˣ֮Ԫţһ

Ԫ˵Ϣܿرڶ֮Ȼڸտʼʱ򣬲û̫ĶϢʵ̶ȱ֤ʵƬ˲ڶطǿߣǱȻٵضŵڵķȥЩǿߵӣͬǶԪŵĳޡ
գ·̶ڱַǷӰƿնȥԴԴϵضŵڶȥһָϢȻ

Ԫš
ɣûִ磬ɫħڣ֮粻ϵشţЩеԪŵӣħɫ
ɣһƬħ
ԪһϣӰֶԼ䣬ż˿ֲϢڵ
˵Ҫ齨ԪˡǾһ˰ӰһͻȻЦһ
Ǿ͵ɣ˽ӦþͲκεķˣԪţΨһס˾УһŰ۵ӣ˫Ŀ֮Уֺڰ֮ɫޱȣԪͷ֮еԪӡ
ֶˣû뵽ʱ䣬ȻǿֵزȤԪԣһͷԪӵĮһЦ
ǰĨɱͬˣ˿ĸı䡣Ԫӵص
ԪЦŵͷһӣһӳ·ռҹȻ޷׶ãϾԼĶǿϧ
ǼһģӰʯţһ塣
ԪԨģӰȴһĨ֮ɫֳ૵ԪˣǺǣɣɡڣһһԶ벻ľϲġ


һǧ ۣս
̶գķ֪ʱʼǳһЩصı仯ЩԭĴԪ׷ɱǿߣ½½شӲ֮߳Ȼ֮ϳԪΨһдĳɣڡ
һνġԪˡԼЧԶԶسԽӦӵ˵Ԥϣ˵ڵһۿǵ֮ǵӿǿʱɫ΢ЩȻ
˵ףСԪⶫ֮ĳޡ

֮⣬ɽҰӰһ𣬳ֱǽƬɽС
ϣʱʱŵӰвϢǿ֮ˣǽһͬ㣬ǱжӿŨŨĺ⡣
ű٣ʦֵܱɱģκһõԪݡ
ˡ
ԽԽǿ߸ǵڵĻҲǲֻɢȥٽţ嫰Ԫ糱ˮɢ
ݣ
ӰǵصӳʣһϢǿÿһλڵϣһţҪԵĶ־Ŷôǿ
ЩɵǿߣŵڵʣҲһ̾ڱڵĵӣȷҪһѹֵܹԪŵŴν£ΪϽĳɡ
䣡
Ǹ̾䣬ͻȻɷɷ֮ŨǿΪ֮һæ̧ͷֻһƬɫƲʣǵ֮ӳ˿ϣǵĺһ壬ŨŨɷ·ϿջΪһͷɾ޻졣
⡭
Щǿ߼׺ɫʱ䣬ӹһĨɫȻǲ֧
֧ǵڵģΪǰδ˵
˵ǵڵֶģ
ֶѵǰǱԪͷƳĵڵֶ
٣λ˭ڵɲǵСˣ֮ǰԪŴ½̫幬ȥԮЩԪŵ飬һûܵ
ôи˰һͨǳһֶǡ
ڸԪſսҲΪֶʱһʵ˿ֲİ֡һΣԪëˡ

׺ĳ֣ƬҲǶȻ䱬ڶ˽˵ĿжǴž棬Ȼ̶ʱ䣬ֶڶһʱ֣ٶȱھ˳
ݡ
Żɾֺ󣬺ŵӳȻϣǰӰӦӣֶףϵˡ
ӦƬضʱ𽥵ذ
λǶİˣһҵҵҲͬ飬ҲǿԱ޷Ԯ֣ԻϣλҪԹޡӦĿһɨ˫һɽ֮лص
Ӧƽˣѣ֮ǰ̫̼ܹʱ֣³ǲԶŴӰնǰһݵߣ߱һɫ󽣣żĽɢʱߵɫĿɬ
īƽ̡ӦߣҲ̾һ
˭ֶһۣϢǿҲ̤ת־ĳǿߣҴĽ൱ǿᣬȻ֮
ǽڵīɢҲǰЩģˡӦ
ﻹһЩ˴󳬼ɵԼϣǴԪŵ˳֮ǰһֱֶ࣬Ŀɨãã˺Կö
취ܹϣԪŵİֽϲ١ֶԵ޵ǵȥԪžһսܹʤҲȻһʤ
ҲΪǰǳʤⷬЧȻĻЩҲȻǲģʱǻԸѡ뿪򣬶ԪΪС΢ҡ
ҪЩ齨һԪˡǲúôô򣬿»²ࡣӦص
˵òЩ˵ȷǲСսʱ޷ƣ׸ӦһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ֶ΢΢ͷȻӦӶһۣҲǻ߳߳Ŀ⣬ѸٵͶ䵽ϣԼһЩɧǽ˳
λѣս֪ǺԭԪŷսڶ೬ڻԪţλӦҵһ̬
ֶĿ⻷ˣ֮ɫ˸ǰƣīȽǰݣǳҲؼصš
ԪŵʵλҲͬҪΨһ;ߣǱǽǵػһ𡣡
ҵԪ֮𲻹죬㳲ҪԪžһսλҵһģҵڱȻΪֵѣ˭ʹӣҵԪ֮ģֶҲΨнΪԪ֮ˣһͬԴ
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ݵؼصţ·سǿͻȻɷˣһɱֶнŨŨľ㵣ͷϣҲ亹š
ӦӵºͲͬǰ˵ֶΣƺΪ
𣡡
ĻХҲ֮쳹ɾ˻𣬹ɷգǽʱֶеɱȻ
Ƭգ𽥵ذЩǳɵƽ̻߳ϵĳǿߣҲΪֶɷ£Ҵùͷ
ֶһԽⶫǿȻģҲŵĻ˭뵽֮ǰǸ꣬ȴǳɳֵزڵ¼Ҫ˵ɶһˣδɡ
ֶС˵ǣԪŽ֮ǵĿͬʹӵǾģҪڳˣӦöŹǽڵī𽥵ػع½ˣȭЦ
ī˵öԣֻҪԪţֶС磬κβǲҺĪҲӣǲԶһļΪݵҲǳ˵ǺҲǶϺպĳǿߡ
ͷǶʱڶӦһʱ䣬ǶԪŹͬĳޣҲڴʱһ
Ӧǰ֮ǰȻͬӴ˺ҲĵһֶĿУο֮ɫӹ
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ڡ
ֶһ٣ĿԶǰǵص˺ЩĿУǳŶԪŵĳޡ
ֶƣ̧һһȻɱȻӿ
գԪţ
𣡡
˻쳹أƬɽǲԪڼ䣬ӰХȻϺʱڶ
Ԫŵľս


һǧ Ԫ֮
Ԫţ֮⡣
һɽϣϰԪŵӻڴ˴Ԫ֮ǰڵ㣬רΧһһʱڵȻδڣΪʱֻԪȥ˵ķݣĻԪҰ
ȻҲ˵ˣǰ
ľƣȻ̶ʱڣһ˵ת䣬ת䣬ЩԪ֮µĸоһЩæջֽţڸԵУҲҺȥǺһԪܣȻܽЩԪŵĨɱһЩݵģȻ⵽ϴ
ԣδ£ʵһá
ɽϣЩĿⲻϵɨΧʱʱػӳط̽ȥ
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ʱż䣬ͻȻһ˾ԣҲһЩ̧ĿȥֻңԶʣâͻȻ࣬ϵĹâУ·Ӱ
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ݣ
Ĺâ֮ſǰ֮⣬Ҳܹɼ
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û˿ķϻĹ˲ϺХɽ壬ǰ񱩵Ĺ£ƽ
ɽƽǵصӰû˿ֱͣԶԪŶȥҲźɢͬʱҲŲõźų𣬲ܿģЩ⣬Ǳ󷽷ӵĹӰû
Ļ棬˷ԪŰΧˮйͨ

Ԫš
ħУ·ĹХ֮дʱԪҲǻӰӣ̧ͷǼԶϯͷĹӰ˺
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̣ԪŵЩħƣϣӹһĨŨŨľ֮ɫ
ɱ
ϣӰԪ֮⣬вĿһԪŵˣ۾ѪһǧӰֱǺ۳Ԫš
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ӰڴʱһЩɧѿһ޴ѷ죬ӴӿͷȵģֶӦӵˡ
ǵĳ֣ΧЩǿʿҲһЩԪŵУҲǶһЩŭ
ֶ̤գĿ⿴ħƵԪ֮ڣ̲סҡҡͷû뵽ǿɣȴǱħ֮ء
ԪʱˣҪŲɣ
ֶĮԪȴۻԪİ£㣬ؼ¡¡쳹
󵨣ǾҴԪţԪϿգһԪųȵ
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ոճԪʱһڹⶸȻӳֱؽǵȥ
Ǻǣ㵹ЩͣȻǿ߶뵽˶
飬ڹǾֱسϣӰ֮ˣƤӤһͷߣһۣƤһֻƣԵøĲ԰ס
֮УһλӣǶͫڰڣ˷·ҪС
ģ֮ǰһ޵ƣԪͷ֮⣬кˣ
ֶĿͣ˵ϣУһŨµɱӿţһ죬ԴǰƳʱʱ޿̲š
꣬Ϊһ죬Ѿ֪ǻٴΡ

ֶ³һϢҲ³ʱ𽥵ظı䣬˵֮ǰһʳʱôʱѽǳʡ
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ССҲǻУ޾â˸
Ԫ֮ڣԪҲǸӦֶ仯Ϣ΢΢һϵɫһЩǳвϣ޿ɷϵǣڵֶĵȷȷ֮ǰǸССĵڵˡ
꣬òϧһֶɱġԪ̾Ϣһ
ǻ˲ɣֶЦЦв޼Ϊ˶ԸһڵĵӣԪͷ֣ƿռȣܷ뻹˵¡
Ԫ˫Ŀ΢УкâصҲòŵ⣬ˣٽҲһ
һεĻϹù˰ֶ
ĶΪǿ˲ɣھ㿴֮䣬ŶôӴĲ࣡
Ԫɫһһռ䲨ֱǳֶǰ̽쳣Ũֻز
ֻؾΧףϵ˸Ӧ㲨΢֣ȴǱֶһӣһڹбӶǰΪһӰӰֳһɫĮȻĿǴִֻزץԪӣҲû˿ԥкɫһ
ৣ
ɫӳûκξ˵ĲԪӵͫףȴڴʱ͵һһּΣյĸоӿͷ
ͣ
вӿʱɫӹص֮ϣޱȵֻزֱǱǺɫ󳤵⣬Ѫ

ԪӲҽ͵رˣռŤ䣬˵Ԫ֮ڣĿ⾪µֶǰǵӰ
Сĵ㣬ǶйŹ֡Ԫͫ׶ֶǰǵӰص
Ԫҧҧɫ׽棬û뵽ոճ֣Ǳֶһ
Сӣбġһֱδ˵ĵԪӣص
бô
ԪӵһЦȻˣҲȽϲͶϰɡ
һ䣬ӣĿռǼٵŤӿ䣬·һģӰǿռ߳
ĶȻҲǱֶüͷ΢΢һ壬ŤռУǲһɷŹֵĲ
ɳɳ
һֻƣ̤Ťռ䣬ϵĺ𽥵صȥ¶һźۣȫǱӰС
˵ôҲѰɡԪϣ֮ɫŨǵӰЦ
԰׵ƣ̽ȻĿע£ؽɫ£Ŷ£һӢ͸ŲҰ׵ݣǳ˵ע֮С
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ֶİˣȴ΢΢һ֪ΪΣİýȴһϤζ
һɧңͻȻֶ洫ƫͷȴǼӦӵһӣͻȻòҰָָǵӰǲ˼֮ɫ
㡭㡭ͨ㻹ţôܣ
ͨ
ֶͷ͵һĿЩ𶯵ǵӰˣȻλ֮ǰΪĵӣ߾Ǳġͨ
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һԣӦӵ岻ϵزţɫٵرţȻʱеĲ̫ļңǰ£ĳ
ֶŻȻĵڵĵӣüͷҲ΢΢һ壬أ֮ǰʱĵڵУͨĵλͬڵڵڵһ㣬ֶڸոսʱǽλͨʦΪһĿꡣ
Խͨµһ¼𽥵ڵ֮ȵֻǲϣ·ϣһ޷ԽĶ
ÿʱǸʱĴ棬Ȼ֮ǰͨǵ֮ڵĴ棬ͬ쳣Ĵ߾ŵڵɴϣԪŭۣ󣬸һ˶ɱԪţȻ䣬ȴڶϣԺյһʣ֣õеĵڵС
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ȷͨʦ֡һԵӦҲǻ˵ǱĿضԶǵӰϣԸӡ
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ৣ
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ô
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ȻԪӴ˴εĻͨȴ˿âͫз˸š
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ͨʦ֣İɣһϹѼϵʹ࣬ػ
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ͨϣһĨοЦɢе⣬ƺҲڴʱ׵׵ɢȥ


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ͨʦ֣ˡֶͨһȭϢȻǣУĿҲ𽥵
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һΣǸ۵ġӦǱĿУҲǺԪŴ˾٣ͬǼеɱ⡣

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ৣ
ͨһһƬգһԴźɫȭ׵ӣ˫һգֻǰռǼٵŤգۼ䣬Ƭռ䣬ȻǻΪһǧӴĿռ󵶡
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ռ󵶱ͨգŭ£ֱӲǺХϽ֮ϡ

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ֶһŤͨԪӿ񱩵ȭŵݺݵ֮ͨϡ

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ߵĴأڴʱһ㣬ϵزţǵϣԼܹâӵص͸񱩵Ҫ̲ס緢

ֶڴʱһĿⶢԶͨȴһĨЦݸֳͨʦ֣һεıƴʤˡ
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ֶǿгʱͨ·أҲŹֶֻǵȴϸһ֮ࡣ
ȻڱƴһϣԶԶֶĶ֣߾ǵȰԵԶԶ
ԱȣҲĻȻӦЦЦ˸ǽƣϲӿ
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ǲǵĿ⣬ԪϿգԪȴǵһЦǳʵǽɽв˳ֶѾԽͨ˰
Ϲ͸ˡֶԪӣޱ顣
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Ƭأڴʱٵħ죬а֮⣬ǿɫЩ仯
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Ԫͷֶξ˵ĺΪ˽ǣȻϧԪžͣ
Сĵ㣬桭ӦֶԣǱɫĿض·ѿĵ棬ܵ˼˰ħ
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Ԫ˵ǿϾ൱ӴħʬĵһγҲδȡ˿ĺôħӿȴǿʼת䡣

ž޴ħֻУͻȻʮ߸ݵħӰǵȻ󣬵ħŨ̶ȣȴԶԶسԽ֮ǰħʬȻЩħʬǰȻħʵҪ˵Ǳǿת־ǿߡ
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ЩǿħʬħʬҲǵصӿɺһħԼԪӿǰƣ֮
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ףϵҲ֪ƵϾصصͷ
ԪϹʧˣǲ鷳ġСâ˸
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Сĵͳȣ͵쳹ʣ˵Ϣڴʱǿᵽ㡣

ԪͷЦֻӴĴаħǱӶز䣬ħϯγɵ籩
𣡡
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һ˵ޱóɱսͬǿ߶ҪǿһЩοǰóȻѰޡ
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Хһ䣬СǱӶӴ綴˿ռ䣬ӴӰǴаħһֺڰɫⲨһֱаħȥ
ⲨոճаħɣħǹΪһĻֱǽǹⲨص

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̶Ľ֮ڴʱ𻨰ſ񱩵ɢϽצȴǱƵòϺˣϽâ˸䣬ħʴ
ৣ
צֵħƣСӴȴǽ˻ԾޱɭĻ죬غݺҧǴаħħ֮ϣĸֻ֨õɫѪѸٵشħ֮СһڣȻҧüݡ

ħϴľʹҲԪͷŭȳһֻħ͵ץסСӴȻһѱǽݺݵ˦˳ȥ
飡
С׵ǵϲһǧɵۼ;ǽһɽײ˷ĩոΣǻĿ֮˸һ̤Я˳ȥ
ৣ
СǧӴһȣϺڹâӿΪһϺڳǹҲһĨӳµƣݺݵضǴаħϯȥ

ֶϽҲ쳤ХϽâҫգǧ֮ڵħ£Ͻ۵ķצֱ˺ѿռ䣬ضŴаħȥ
໣
׺ĹƣаħҲǱҰް˻ХħһץħлΪһǧӴħͼӻӶ䣬·ֱǱѳһǧӴԨѷ졣
ĵӴӰݺݵسһ𣬾޻˺ҧȶϺڳǹռ䣬ǵصӳХӵ˲ݻɽ֮צҲǿ񱩵ػӳ
ײеΧ£Ǵаħ˿ãħͼÿһλӶһˡ
ֻʵĻȻԪͷҪǿһֶ˱ϾѰǿߣǶӵŸصɱ䣬һһ޵׺̬սУ˵ֶϲϵسƣǴаħҲֵܺ۵ķ񹥻³˲СĴˡ
սȦ֮رѣռŤǰսЩѵĸо
µƬȻǼĻңضǱħ֮УԶɱ죬Ԫ˵ǿЩħʬݺݵɱһʱȻҲɱۣǿԪӿ䣬ضЩħʬϯȥ
ϣʱʱػӰ׹£ħʬͬҲŲԪ˵ǿߣµĽÿһ̶Ӱ
ԶӦһգٵбӶֱؽϰٵħʬȥ䣬һħʬ׹ȥˤм
ħʬʵ̫Ӵټ޾ħʬֻҪӦֽħʬٳƬһ˵ٶȵӦոսħʬŸ۶
ৣ
ĽͻȻǵصϯâЩӦȥħʬʱи֧顣
Ӧ״΢΢ƫͷȻǼһµľɫŮվں󷽣˫ҲһۣȻ˽ǲԼͬƫͷ
ΧħʬٶͬˮӿȻЩħʬ඼޷˼ˣΪ˼˵ĸӣҲֻܾܵĶһЩҲ𽥵ؿһ
ӦӿֻӶ䣬ٶپħʬΪмĿ̲סؿңԶż˿񱩵ĲɢǼƬΪ׺ݵսȦ
ӦǱߣü΢΢һأֶּ䣬Ԫͷ˴Ӳ䣬ѪΪĲҡ
ȥ
ӦֶϽǴаħͼɣĿкһӳȴͻȻһָֻסˡ
ʲôӦõص
սͱȥˣֵܵ£ȥˣˡɿӦỺص
ӦԣҲ΢˶ҪֶӺŰֶ֪ƽʱºͣİȴǱ˭ߣǰԪͷƵ˳ڣӳбضΪܣӣĳ裬һҪֻģҲΪˣֵܣȴǾ߼ΪǿĿܶδá
ȷͬ˵սֶϲȥæġ
Ҫļһ
ӦԶѪĲսȦҧҧ̲סŭ߳һӿֱǳħʬУϯ䣬ħʬػΪм̶ֺȱ֮ǰҪʤ֮ȻеĻйЩħʬϡ

أ
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ৣ
ϺڹâǵصϯһԼǧӴǹӰֱǶصǴаħ֮ϡ
ͣ
ޱȵǹӰһֻؾĶǿ߶ԶǴаħϣȴֻǴɡ

ǧӴϽצճȭһȭݺݵغǧӴǹ֮ϣһۿɼƣ͵ɢ
ܵǿһǧɳǹǶǴаħţǺ󷽹ᴩ
໣
̺ʹ֮͵ǴаħдϵŹӣҲڴʱӿ֮ɫ
쵰аħ֪Ϊ޸Ǹ˶Ĵ𣿣
쳹һɼ˿ֲħ͵ǴаħϯԪͷȣҲ湻ˣС飬ȥɣ
аħޱľ죬ͻȻڴʱµгΣһ޷ݵħϯζɢ
аħԨ


һǧһʮ ѩ֮ս
ħڴʱǴаħ֮бǾŨŨɢͷƤ顣
ƬأڴʱҵĲһǿǴаħдǹ֮ǿֶӴͣ嶼ֱߵļ
ӿͻȻһɫȦԴаħбȻСĺڰʥС
ݡ
Ȧ֣Ȼ䱩ǣСӴȻֱڿշȻǶŴаħԨľͶȥ

С׻Х󣬾ҵţڰ׹⻪ϵشӿͼֿǹȴǺãֻؿԼǾԽԽǾԨһ޷ݵΣոо
ССգɫҲһ䣬Ǿ޴͵һαǱӶͼС׸Ȼ
θնǴаħħͼǺݺݵػӳħӿ䣬ֱǽС˻ȥ
аħԨˣɴûܻԪͷЦЦгаݶ֮⡣
С׼ҵţֵȷ޷ʱǻĿ͵׹֣Ӵ֮ϣѪ͸һɼ˿񱩵ɢǾҪԱļ
飡
ȻС׼ƴԪͷһºݵʱϽâͻȻֶһ޴Ͻβݺݵ˦ϣǿֱؽС׸˳ȥ
С׻Ŀһ㶣ȻæһʱðֶֻϽȡǰλãȻǱɢ޾ħľ죬һڸ˽ȥ
磡
ɺ죬ɲǼС׻Ŀ֮ӿ˳ͷǶǴаħ˹ȥǱǰС
磿ʲôС׼״ʱŭ
Ÿʲô㵱ô³çôҪôףСһǳ
ɡСҲԥһ£Իָ˵侲ĿɺŨǰظоǴаħ֮пֲħУ¾ֻؾǿ߶ǻᱻʴ
˻ڳ룬аħԨˣֻؾǿ߶ñħΪҽֶԴΪܶһ٣ǿЦԪͷЦЦ֮Уż
СޱؿŴЦӣֻǶС׵صһлᣬȫ֡
С׼Сûٵ֮ɫ΢΢ģȻصص˵ͷ
ԪͷΪֵֶȻǼΪ˷ܣĿⶢСˣһЦ֡
ˡ
ǽҪʱһصͻȻǴаħڴԪͷжʱž֮ɫӿֳ
ϹСүǿӲͷȥˣһЦҲ֮𣬲Ҵ˳
ȷǿӲͷͲǴаħԨ㣡ͷкâһֻǴаħ֮ɫͻȻð˵ħضӿȥͼеֶĨɱȥ
ħҾ͸㾻٣
ħӿ䣬ֶĴЦٶȵĴǴаħ壬ͻȻҵĲӴϣȻº͵İâ͸

â֣ͷɫʱҽгǴаħӴڴʱ
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׹˸䣬ŵͳƺż˿񱩵ڴаħڱըǵ֮ҲǽЩ嫵ħþɢ
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ԪͷâһֻǴаħڱǾ޴ĶǸϵ䶯ţħݺݵضڵֶȥ
֣ס
С״ʱȳһգʮϺֳŨŨֻزݺݵضǴаħХȥ

СҲǻХͲסٶȱСһ֣ڰ׹âſĻצ˺ѿռ䣬ֱǽǴаħϣ˺Ѫۡ
аħŭͼֱǺݺݵС֮ϣͳ֮ҲǽҵƤѪֱСȴû˿Ҫļ󣬻צ֮Ϻڰ׹âӿţȻҲǷڴаħϣǷģ·Ҫ˺Ƭһ㡣
飡
ϺҲǽݺݵغǴаħϣһѪۣɫѪ
СⷬţͷҲ޷ȫԸڵֶֻܽתСˣ˵ʧȥֶСǱ·磬ȴǽ׺Ը񷢻ӵ£ƴˣҲҪǴаħһЩ˺ۡ
С˾䣬Ǵаħȴ𽥵ؿʼΪڵħڱֶɿؾţԪͷֶ̽ȥȻʲôһǵ£ȫȫרŶԸħʩչǴаħħεĺ嫣ֶ¶̫Ч
ˣ
Ŵаħ䣬Сȴץסᣬ񱩹ƣݺݵǴаħϣµкǴаħ϶Ǳ˺ѳһ޴Ѫۡ
𣡡
аħػӴʱ˳ȥ˻Хһڹ⣬Ǳ˳ȥڹڰ𽥵ػΪһӰǱ̽ȥֶ
Ϲܸ֪СүжӲ˰ɣ
ֶʱͬǲ˺ۣǻһ˿ѪȻаħֵ췭ظȻͬҲ˲ˡ
˶Ҫɱ㣡
ԪͷŭܹаħڵƣƱ֮ǰֶƴĹɵƶҪأؼǣǴаħڵħֶǰһͣȴ֮Щ
֪ǶȻǲὫôһ̽ȥ
ֶűŭеԪͷȴӹһĨɫ󻺻ȥǵѪ¡
ССףҡ
£ֶ𽥵رĿȥȫ嫵ԪҲڴʱ𽥵ȥⷬģȥ쳣ƽ
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ǴаħֱħͼǻΪһڹ⣬գֱֶȥ
ݣ
ͼӽֶɷΧʱϺڹâӶСǧӴϺ˫£ǰһܣӲͼײһ
˵ɢСʱһһѪȴؽҲ˴аħ׺ݹ

СҲڴʱͺĺڰ׹âӴӿʱǱ;޴ȻٶһȦǻĿ֮У޾ɺӿţޱȵĻצ˺ѿռ䣬ضŴаħȥ
飡
С׵ķ񹥻ǴаħҲħȭ趯ÿһȭСϣŵضɽҡĵͳռ䶶䣬СǺڰɫϣҲ𽥱ѪȾ졣
Сͬ죬־޴£˫񶯼䣬Ȱڴаħ»˵ĻȣݺݵǴаħϡ
ˣ
սһССȻϵرɶȥȴתۺֳ˳Ƿ̬ȻҲǽаħϵöá

аħֻħ̽һִ͸ռץסСһֻһץסС׻ͷȻؽߺݺݵػײһѪ䣬˶ǵ˳ȥǵ˺ѳѷ졣
Ҫɱǣ
Ԫͷű˵ĴаħҲǱŭѣɱӿ׷ɱ˵͵һ䣬Ȼ̧ͷֻϽ˫Ŀֶڴʱ˫Ŀ˫Ŀüļ䣬һɫ߻ѿȻ󡭡һöĺڰз·˸ۣ֮ǳֶü֮䡣
źâͬʱ˸֮۳ʱԪͷж͵ӿһɺȻ֮⣬޷Σ֮У鲼ȫ


һǧһʮ ֮
ֶü֮䣬ڶ۾ö֮Уڶתǰ֮⣬ޱȡ
ڶ䣬񱩡
ͬϵȴۻޱȵöУܱ쾡¡
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ֶȻƿ۶ɵ̫֮󣬼ѿƣڵʩչΪǿҲǲֶڵĲæ
֮һ˵ֻڶƿشﵽĳΪĲκ󷽲ܹ۳ռУ֮ʩչۣ֮㽫ʵֲʮĨɱȥȻֶҲʩչۣ֮ȻҲǱȲ֮ȴһ֮߱ƣǱڲֻ
ۣ֮֮Ǵ⵽ֶۣ֮֮ȴڹԼ˵һȻƿأҲ൱ľˡ
ЩֶȻҲףֳݲֶ룬ԪͷѰɫ˸ǽֶǴаħ֮УǰʵѰֻؾǿ߸Ƕֵֵ֣ܹڣҲǸƾֶΣˣССҲ˼أ޷ɱﵣ´սἫա
ⳡս֮ǰһĲңֻǣֻܣڣͬӵŤתĵԼ

ֶ³һŰĿ⿴һ۱˵ССףʱĶȻ죬Ҳһ˿ƣɫΪܹͷѪƴҲƴȫ
ˣȴû˿ļԪͷȷǿǰһĻǾԲٳһΣ
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ֵܣǴ磬ǰίΣǻ޷ͷĻ磬ɾû˰
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аħӴСаʱͣʱħƴճħһʣǿռҲճħʼ䣬𽥵ر

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ħ֮дȻ˱ǸоһصĲħڵǵ嫵ħӣһ־˵ٶڣаޱȵħҲǵصɢȥ
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ݣ
Ŀɿڴ䣬ɢħУһϸСĹߣٶӳֱаħ
ͷǹжʱžӿڼʶǰⶫĿֲȻٲҽӡ

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ħ죬ͷĲҽҲƬħУ쳹


һǧһʮ նɱͷ
ҫ۵ĹâգǴаħը֮ħֹâȴҽĲѩһ㣬һ־˵ٶڶȥ
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ӮˣԶԪ˵ǿһĻһ㶣͵رĻ
ǽСҲ֮ɫâ˸ʼΪֻ̬ǶŴаħʬĿУɻž֮ɫ
͡
УֶͻȻһѪ˳ǱͲҰ׵ɫŨ֣ϢΪήҡ
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ֶ΢΢ҡҡͷ˫Ǻ޶ħʬȻ˫Ŀ΢΢һС
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ݣ
¼ǲдħʬʱһĨڹ̲סس˳ȻɶȥµɣǺڹҲǻΪӰԪͷֻʱǣɫֶҪҰףҰϢҲήҵ˼¡
ͷɫϵֶˣĿ⼱ٵ˸
ϹôԪͷҲѧһװˣСˣص̱ޱȡ
ͷӳ鴤ݶضˣһ̣һǻΪڹҪŵȥģȻҪˡ
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ͷٶٶֶֻһһϵʯǺХȻӭ籩ǣϻΪһǧӴʯ
ʯգ󱬷峺֮Ǳףâ۶ǻΪһϵ󷨣źݺݵضͷѹȥ

ڴֹ߱âҫ£ͷʹǲҽгѹĴ߱Ҳž֮ɫ֣֪ǱǴ߱ѹ¾ǳ֮ա
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ֶĮȻ˿ΪǴ߱ѹٶؼӿ졣
ã˶Ҫˣ˾ɣֶûаļԪҲغݶǶһۣǺݺһҧ
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Ԫ͵ĶһںѪǵٵĻҰһ־˵ٶ
ˡ
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ˣȥɣ
ԪӿֳźɫҺһԱ
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޷ݵħϯԲǧ֮˲ΪƽأСС׶˵һѪαɶȥ
ֶǹؼʱ̣һֳǵħʵ̫Ŀֲոճ֣ûֶñǱȥֶڡ
һʧֶʱ¶ħУʱ״̬Ȼû취ֳֻһҧǿд߶Ԫֿ
ৣ
׼ǿеֿʱͻȻоһɺֶһֻϸ֣ػסαˡ
ڶߺХֶۣȻǼɫĳƮǰӦһֻֻסһַֻٵرŵӡ˵ĺϯǰΪ޴ıܡ
飡
ܸոγɣͻᱻϯħΪĩȴŸıγɣһƬնǱܱѵӦֶٵˣħĳ
ȻֻǿԱĳԶԶֶϣӦ֣ħɺܿؾ׷
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ħ׷ʱһͻȻԺӦԣ΢΢ԥ͵ץֶ࿪ӡ
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䣡
ħ˰㣬صײԪĻϣʱú߾ҵһڶǿɫһףȳԪӿ
飡
ħϵسԪĻϣȻĻϵزţڶǿ֣Ľֳ
ħ𽥵ر仺˷΢΢һԪĻɢȥ
û°ɣ
ΣӦæֶɷ׵ɫжһЩ
ԼҲΧжŵ֮ɫ
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ֶҲĨȥǵѪ΢üͷƬħ磬˵һĴЦȴؼص
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ǵЦ쳹𽥵ɢȥɢԪͷϢҲǳ׵׵ʧ
ֶһǰĺݻɫҲ΢΢һ䣬æתͷȻǼؼħʬҲǿʼӶ׹ȥһɹħɿشӿɢ
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ӦϸһĨأ
ֶԣæ̧ͷʱϣһصø޷͸ħӿȻƬؾš
ħ֮ϣܹħ䶯ţ֣κϵ
һĻɫҲ𽥵ز԰


һǧһʮ Ů
صħ֣գȻǼΪңԶĵط絹۵Ĵ룬е˶С
ǹ̺ħɫЩףܹоƬħ·ΪԪ˵Աټħʬֽ⣬ԳһƬħС硣
ħ磬·޷Ѱ
ԭޱȵսһȴǱüΪİЩǰѪޱȵħʬǾɢϣЩԪ˵ǿ۴ɫϵħ֣һɧң𽥵ش
ô죿ӦЦЦЩɧü
ħ̫أǵʵްһЩѰǿǴľˣ»ᱻħʴӦӵ
ԪͷЩֶΣǰ嵹ǽ֣ʱԪҪǽ滹ýٳϣû뵽ھǿֵزףЩ̾ص
ǽħַֻܻԼֶɫ԰׵ĵĿҲǶƬޱȵħ֣취ƿǡ
ҵҪʲôƨħж
һЦ쳹䣬ǧƱڣһͺȼ䣬Ϊһ޴Хݺݵغħ֮ϡ
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һȦɫâӿǵĻһȻ𽥵ƽϢ£ǿĹƣû˿Ч
˼״һҲǸһĨ֮ɫҡҡͷȷ
ǲòħɴ˿ɼ澿Ŷôļ֡
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Ӧƽֶ̣С磬ǺãǽڵīԼһЩǿҲѸٵǳֶһȭڼʶֶ֮ǰǿֲʵȻҶԺ˿Ĳ
Ҫмһֹħ磿ӦЦЦ
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ǺǣôӣȻıˡЩϧ
ǵӰЦֶˣĿͣӦϣ΢΢һЦǧز


һǧһʮ 
ӰЦɢ΢ȴڴʱǹǿߵĻ
ڶ໶Ȼֹ
һɵĿתƣȻɽϵĺӰǿԪת֮Уž衣
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ֶĿضǵӰȴ̲סؽǰǾ仰˼ȻҲħݿ»͡
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ΧףϵǴӵ˹гŽ䱸ضغӰ
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ˣڵƺʶңǺǣǱһڵݰɣħ΢΢һЦ
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ֶͫһɫȻȻһסӦĿضǵӰռУѾħʮǿֲʵ˼ӡǰ֮ˣħ֮ʮҪǰʵҲǼΪĿֲ
ǺǣԭΪԪܽǵģû뵽ʼնǷħϻôѪЦص
ֶޱ飬֮ٵתţȻΧԪ̽ڷٵ
Ǹֶɣ˵֮ĴС˵ĻԪǵǰܵòԩ֮ǼһȫʢʱҲ򲻹ĴӦҲ򵥵ġ
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ǺǣȷҪĨһЩ鷳ģرﾹȻֻܹתǺ˰ǽɱ˵ĻڶشսҲûҪʼ˰ɣӦЦŵ
ԡӦɫĿУЩɱӹ
ǱĻҿ»ˣϧҡҡͷЩϧص
ֶ֮ͫУͻȻźâӿǰ΢Щı䣬壬·ȥҲеģ
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ֶһʱҲӹһĨ죬ǰߣЦȻ˰ѹԪǻ֡
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ֶһۣ΢΢һǰһܹڸŲ֪Զľ۳ôһͬǿķʵҲȷЩֲ
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Сģ
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ֶӰȴǶȻһģƺЩϤ
ڶĿУǺ췢Ҳǻתͷ¶һӢ͸һЩϵӣʱûпˣֻǽĿͣӦϣǶĿУһĨ֮ɫֳ΢΢һЦСʦá


һǧһʮ 
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췢һ㶣׹ЦԭСʦûδָ
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λ˵֮еԶŰ֮һ
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ԶŵǳشսλõħŷɥȻڣǴ֮е۷ǿȴǻسǵǰõľƽ
Ӧ֣ҲĿһۣٶ˺ҡͷӦǱ
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Ӧԣ϶ʱźӿ˵һӰǴӺ󷽿Ȼǰ
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ħ̽ʬɫӲһ𣬻𻨽䣬ȻܹȡϷ磬㹥ƣϾҲʬ
ȵĻ棬˲ԵӿΪһȭݺݵغ֮ϣ汼ӿ䣬ζʱɳǧɡ
ɫе԰׵֮ɫǽӦԼֶˣף޵ֵĻᡣ
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ֶһ㶣ĿŹֵؿѵҪһߣ
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˵꣬Ͳٶԣ˫Ŀ΢գĿ
ֶһɫʱģˣ


һǧһʮ ֹ
ͻȻճţƤǣֶҲûܽ˦õĸΣˣȻǲ뿪ӦߣȻı䲻ˣǾʱһ°ɣؼľЩҵļЩݷǧصħҲǿʼ¶ͷټӦֻصݱ¶ǿħǰҲǼ鷳Ѵ֣Ҳܹȫࡣ
ţֶҲͲٶǣԪѱ𣬼ͣû˱Ҫ󣬱Ǵϻصڡ
ʱ齨ԪˣʱȻҲû˴ڵıҪǿǷ׷׸ǶȥǣֶҲûôȻʱЩǿ߻õʵΪȴ̫Ըô֮ϲڣΪӵֵػĸоͻȻӴİǿߣڵķı䣬Ը⿴һĻ
ԣԸȴ𲽵رǿҲԸֳܵӶӱϷı䡣

ֶ󲿶ٶȻصʱӭǵ۾Ļǧܹ֮
еĵڵӽǼ۾ĳһǲ֪ŶʦֵԪŵУȻˣֻܹѹеĳޣҧгݵԪҫǣȴֻܹڻڴڣżȥĵұ¶Ϊڵӵݡ
һУһЩ糾͵Ӱٶȳǵʱǿʼı䡣
ӰǰͦΣֻӣļ㣬ȻȥٶȽصһ֮ǰħУͷһ֮ĳ
Ļع£һֱѹ̧ͷԪſʼȥǱмɱԪţеĶԹԹ˽ᡣ
ڵڵĵӻûпԪ֮ǰǾ֮սȴʼռţһǵڣؽĴ£
ǵӰҲûõʧŵȥս
˵ڳʷУҲֹټĵӣ˶ףֶԽǰ
һˣעǡ

ڵĿ񻶣ʱ䣬ڣԪűϢҲͬһĴֿ񻶣ʼӵӵ
Ǻ䶯
ԪŷսɣԪ֮»ΪɻңԪŵǿƣĻ⣬ȴֻضţ˭Ҳδ뵽֮ǰһܵеԪţȻһѸײڶ֮Ƶٶȵˣһǵǰĳס
Ԫű𶯼䣬ڵҲǳô˴ﵽһ۷ĳ̶ȣǿԪţնǱⶫ֮ϣкۣ
೬ɱԪγɵĸ飬ĳɣΨе̫幬лȻⳡսҺɽΪߡ
ڵﵽʱֶ֣Ҳ֮쳹Ϊ˭ڵⳡ֮У˭ߣܹһ˦ѹŴƣ̬ԪŽֶ֮ӹΰ
ֶ֮Ҳǿʼõö֪ڶϵһ۵ĵͼⶫ򣬿ûκһȥǡ
ڽһЩʱУҲ𽥵һЩؽʵԼԶǰҲΪĴڵڱżľ⣬ٲȻһҪԵΪ׵̬ڼʶ˵ڵĿֲʵȻû˼
ԵΪ׵̬ڵǲÿɷǲûԪŵҰģһҪеɶǳһģֻҪɣҽһЩԹ˽ѡ
ΣսҵĶ𽥵ƽٷϴˣƬأչٶȱΪʢĹʡ

ķзڲͬѳΪĿĵڣھʼĿ񻶺󣬵ƽȻԺУǰЩյҿȴ𽥵صȥһеԼµӵգڰĹվɶУֹֻģѹѹƺ󣬻ԵеӴˡ
ֶڵڣΧʱʱŵڵӴҴҶȻһЩκŮ۴ЩشԶԶرŸֶʦ֮ĺΪ֡
ֶЩڵҲЦݣ΢΢ͷЩ˷ݵؽŵĵڵӣǽһҵ飬Ҳһظķɣָоһǰոսʱ
Щֶ̫ʱеƣۣȴԼͣĶ٣ͣڵĵڣǻΪһƬ棬ЩЦݲõĵʦʦãҲڣļ壬ĸĸҲûѪ֮С
ʱΪػܹҪһЩģңʼգֶδڹ
ż˷ɵֶ̬һ̨ϣȻǵ֮Զڶڵޣŵ֮ڵԪ
һְ͵ţֶĸо
ԪŸǹʮչ⾰ֶҲȬʮڣǳ׵طκ飬δᣬʲôңʲôƺʲôħʱһߴŰɡ
ӦӵҲ֪ľʱ鶼δǱػ켣ڵڣһĻҲǳΪ˵ΪȤĻ档
ԣֶɢţĿǱӿʵĵ΢΢úЩˣ˫ۿʼرϣȻڰߡ
ڰֶ֣ľȴڴʱͨƣܹظӦڣڵÿһӣŨŨ˷ԼԺ֮С
ֳȵֶƺҲһֹɢůա
ָоͻȻú
Ϊֶ壬ûκεĶ
̨ϣʱɿ죬Щ޵ĵڵӽʱȴǼֶӰʯ˿ǵԴһ˿ıӰȴ΢΢Щ㱣ָоͬʱǵӰͻȻƬһ㣬ţҲӦ
ڶãȻ䣬ȻһЩ˽ԽԽĵӸǵӰгž졣
ߵĶԽԽӦǶǱ˹û˿ϢԪֹͣתֶɫԵøأǱϾʶ㣬ȻֶΪλˣȻƺǴһּΪ״̬֮С
һ;ΪȴŻԵ֮˵ʱһ򣬿ʮޣµֶƺĪ£һ״̬ȻǲҲֶ֪ӦûҪ
ǣǿʼڶɢƬ̨⽫ֶš
ڵ֮ڵһɽϣҲԶ̨ϵӰУŵ˸һĨ֮ɫȻӹ


һǧٶʮ 
֮ԵӰһһ࣬һʱУʯ˿Ϣǳ׵ɢȥ֮ϵ¶ȣҲǱһûʬ塣
һĻĪ˵ѰĵڵӣӦǶԸƣϾҲδȻδչ黹һЩµֶȻŲãҲֹѰӽƬ̨
һµʱ䣬ڲٵڵɻԼǵĿУȻʱţҲܹ𽥵ظоһЩ֮һЩ֪ߣܹԼظо֪䣬ڵϿգ·һɼ˺ӴȻš
ΣȴһֽʵʰѹΨһЩ޾ǿ߷ܹظоƬȷдڣȻȻ
ΪǹȻһɺ޾ľ
ǹӴľǴֻصǿ߸Ӧţж΢Щ£ǹһƬ޾Ĵ󺣣ڵڵϣ˵ڵսս
ľʱһţҲŨż䣬ϻеͳ֮У·̺ŻĲͷƤ顣
ӦӵǻῴտЦȻЩεĿͶ򵤺֮ǵʯӰ֮ϣǶЩܲסȻֶ״̬Щϵֻǲ֪⾿ҪãϾЩеڿֲЩһʧȥƣڶ̼仯Ϊ档
ǹ鵣ǣʱȻҲû̫İ취֮ƣҲֻܼصȥˡ
ȴһ£ӦǵΪʲôȴУȴ鷢ǳӦϣԪһʱҲйСģڻҲֻշŻָڽһУ֪ΪΣɢĺŨ˶ܹоںŨʵҲڷرţֱǵٶȣӦľѡ
ֱǣֶ״̬֮󷽲ŷģ˰ʱ䣬Ȼ󷽲𽥵ؼֺ޷ܣЩʱӦһֱںɽչأĺӦӶֻܼʮӱǵȥ
Ӧֱ仯õӦЩӦЦЦĲŨüҪȥӦǱóܲˣűӦǿеץ˳
Щͻ飬õӦҲĸͷۣϾǵƽ̣ӳȣԵҲûĻңֻǽֹѰӿȻҲû˰취ֻȵֶѹٿˡ
ĵȴһֱһҺһЩ
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ʼյţֻҪӰڵһ죬ǵڣͽԶΪŵһ
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ʼۣХ֮䣬׺ӿЯ֮
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׺֮ӵż˴֮ڴԪԼżΪǿãֶ˾٣츣ǵڰ貵׺ӣ̲סЦ
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ôˣ
Ӧӵո£ֻǰӰǹȰػֳֶǰߣüͷ΢壬ʵ


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ںɽϹӰӹֶӦӵαǳһɢž˺ɽϣĿ͸֣ܹһƬεɫ峺
ȥɣڵĺԽԽֲҶ޷ӽˡӦԶıӹһĨʹɫ̾
ֶ΢΢ͷҲٶ˵һǳǱԵĿȥֻǱĵλãһۣǱУһٻӰţɫк
ʱǵٻӰϣŨŨĺɢֺ֮ŨңΧĿɱļ󣬼˵İԵ
ֶüͷ΢壬̤ѹȰسڱ֮ǰŵڹӿʴİԵɻȥ
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⵹ʲôֽţӵԶŵϢֻҪӽӦǹϢǻγһЩӣȻ󹴶Ӧڳ˯ıҵ
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ֶԶȥĬȻƻؽգ˵ףչ黹ʵ㹻ĻصõЦʼͬǰ㻶峺˭ܳԷԣ


һǧٶʮ ѩ
һĪ־磬ճڵĵţȻ˿ϵӰ𽥵ɢȥȻǲ̫ʼĩܹõ侲ֶʦ㷢ŭӦҲһЩЩֵ°ɡ
ǵ˼뵹Ǻܼ򵥣ΣǶǼᶨƵֶ֧
ϺδȥЩʱúõľްɣô˽֡ϣֶɻźɢӦ
Ӧ΢΢ͷҪӦңٸŭˣȻֻǷպȻ
ҲǵֶʵҪֶȻԿģңģһȺԶŶΪֲļһ
Ҳ³ç˵㡣ֶ̾һε֪çײһЩӦڱⲻȴδ˿ѣⷬеֶΣֶŭԭͬ棬ֱľٶȴطһЩɻ䡣
֪ǵԸܺҪػأֶҲǣǶƬصĸܼĳһֽǶȶԣǶӦΪҲûдǿֻбĳѣܹƬء
ֶֻȴǲӦΪԭһİˣͬҲ֪ǱΣӦѷֱ˴ˣΣ޷ѡ񣬵Ҳ޷⡣
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֮⣬ɽ֮Уʮ̫幬ĵӰйǰһŰɫȹڵŮӣбɴ棬ӡȴˡ
棬۾ȴʱʱؿԽԽģĵڣ̲סصʦ㣬Ǿ˰
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˵ĵûҰǴڣҪǰҲҪҴкɣһЦͻȻĴǰõ泤΢΢һͣȻ̧ͷֻǰֵľͷһӰһŴЦݵؽš
ϸĹ͸֣ҫϣ·ů⣬õѩ硣


һǧٶʮ ̸
ֶ磡
ǾϲҲڴʱɽеƽŮϣϲ֮ɫ
ֶʦ֡
Щ̫幬ĵҲæȭɫΪ𾴣ֶǾ̫幬Ŷ飬ܹôҲȫֶ
ֶЦЦȻĿ⿴ŰɫȹŮӣ߼΢΢ƿŽʵļϣϸСɫѪֳܸ
ῴˣȴһЦֶлҪʦ˵ȥǰŰɡ
˵֣꣬Щ̫幬ĵԾȥ
Ҫߣ峺ӹһ˿ϸ΢ĻɫæҪȥץᣬȴǱߵƤض˿ȥȻ֣ʦ㣬ǻеʱ䣬ġ
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ҡʱֻƽȵվǰֶỺص
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ŮжǺãϹʲôɴףҰֶһۣĲ
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ҵĵһˣֲȻǼΪϤЦ
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̫ϸӦֶҽһ㶣һۣȻδ˵
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ӺɽֶĿԶһɽ壬΢룬ԸһƿþƣȻɽ壬ɽϣǵʯϵĺ췢Ӱ


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ֶԳһЦҴΪҹʸȥʲôҲֻһͨˣ˽嶯ΪںˣܹκεĴۡ
ɫԳֶú󣬷ҡͷΣֻܼ縺ˣǲеġ
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ֶɫɬҲ𽥵سĬĬĬؽоƺعڡ
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ֶžƺ֪˵˵ǴھԵ淴ҪסӦȴҪѵı޷棬ܹҪġ
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ķϱÿһƬ򣬶޾ϵ磬ȻͬһƬ½ȴңԶ֮Уǧɽ϶Ťһڵ֮ľպǽиҪԽǧɽɾѰǿܹ쵽
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ЧٸߣҪڶ̶ھʹԽǧɽִﱱҲǲܵ£ֶƺһ㣬ھ˳ʼк󣬵Ҳ𽥵ƽʱżҲá
ո·൱ƽһ·ҲֻǾظֶԣ䣬ֶҲǺֻܶ࣬ǲ֪ǷֶǸоƽУ峺ӽ֮һζ

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ֶǰĻҫűɴڵľϣԵǰĶˣ̲ס죬һֺܺԼдĵɢ֫ٺܹ˵ֻǲװ
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ֶ״ȴ̲סشЦɫΪãεƳһۣǲ˵һϣĿ΢գֱؽ״̬ȥˡ
ֶбɣ˿ȻҲ۾ĿܹоԴ˽ǧɽƺһЩ仯ǰԽӽ̫ϸӦֶûҲδǰģ·˶֪һ㡣
ֶδʧ·һ

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Ȼû޵ǣֶǧɽи˽·ʱͣΪǷƺʧˡ
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ⷬ˰ʱ䣬ԪûмļõЩΣֶǷҪÿռ֮ʱ˵ĲͻȻͬʱͣȻĿЩϲҷԶȥ

Ũ֮УһСӰǱرţŲٵ˺ۣѪıȾ档
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ǰܼ䣬ҲƷʮӰٶɱ
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һڹ͵ԺޱȵֱǰǵӰϣһʹǰǵӰʱǱطȥȻæӣǰʮӰҧЩͽŹǵģ
ԼѱԸǣʮӰУһЦ׹һһĳԪ׺ƥضǽСӰ˹ȥ
ŮһСʱɷ֮в䣬ͻȻƷ𣬶һӰȰسǰһӣǵƱɢȥ
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Ůԣʱһϲ뵽ʲôæλǰлĴܲҲȾҳ磿

Щ֣ǰƺҲ㶣ǰŮе㾪ȵصǺڰ֮ˣ


һǧٶʮ 
ŮֶĻҲ㶣΢΢ԥҧ˵ͷ
أֶһʮŵĺӰˡ
ҲǺڰ֮ˡ
ֶԣüͷɵһ塣
СӣǺˣҺڰ֮ҲҲ֣ʶ࣬ǻʱʮӰҲǻعضֶȵ
ǰȾҳʦ֡Ůæ
Ǻǣİɣ볽ҲʶȻǻֶЦ̴򣬻˳շȻˣȻǲԹۡ
ŮԣʱһȻ֪ҪЩһ³һôѵ£ҲֻǲͶҽˡ
ĶɱʮλӰ˼ִֶҪ֣жʱźâӹһߣȻǼνʱһâȻŨϯâӹʮӰ嶸ȻӲһϸСѪʺ֣Ǿ¡
ʣڵʯ֮䣬Ůǿлδ£ĿɿڴؼЩڰ֮ǿߣ㱻׵ؽȥ
ŨУһٻӰ߳񿴶δЩصʬ壬ųֶԡ
СʲôֶĿɿڴŮЦʵ
ǰӽ㡭Ůе㵨ӵؿֶһۣٿ˿׵ŮӹһĨޣҽɯ
ҽֶڿȴȥǳʦ𣿡ֶ΢Ц
ɯԣжʱžϲӿ΢΢ԥֶǰ
ֶɡֶ˰֡
ֶ֡磬ʦǱߣȥץǺڰ֮λϣʵǿת־ǿߣңǻ˺ڰ֮İɯСе԰׵ص
ת־ֶ죬ڰ֮ȻǱͷⷬʵȷȶܶ೬ǿᡣ
ڰ֮ۺ񣬴ʱԶѰɿɱȣʦ˵ڰ֮У»ֻؾϹ򡣡һԵ
ȷЩʵֶͷܹӵֻؾϹ֣ѹֺڰ֮ⱱ
ˣҲǺڰ֮ôΪʲôȥ׷ɱѵˣֶüʵ
ôܣʦֶǺڰ֮Ĺôӣɯæֻڰ̫֮ңλãȨδȣз˲£
ԭڧˡֶŻȻڰ֮û̫ĸоֻҪ˵̴ô档
ε˭ֶתǰȥ˳ʵ
µ̴ˡŮص
ֶĽŲȻֹԵҲ΢΢Ȼֶתɯ㡭˵˭
̴˰ɯҲǿֶЩɻػص
̴ôΪڰ֮ĵˣֶ΢΢鴤һ£͵֮࣬ɫ
ɯֶɫһæ˺ӵĵȥϵͻֻؾʱʧǰԼڰǴ̴ˣȻǺڰ֮ĵ
ֶɫ粻鵹Ǵĳϣ̴СѾͷôΪڰ֮ĵѾͷ˸ת֮⣬Ļ㱾£
ֶ硭ʶǵ𣿡ɯֶСʵ
ֶε̾һûصã˵ϲʶ
ãɯĿɿڴЩŹ֣Ȼǲֶ̫ԣϾ£ɴδ˵
ˣȥѳ־ɡֶ˻֣ںڰ֮λӦñСѾͷһЩЩ֪Ϊ
ɯҲæͷ²ΣȽʦ־˵ҴҰһ˿ڣȻǼæȥ

ŨһǣһƬּյأһشصţܵĴϣԼɼһӰĿڲϵɨܡ
ڿյ룬ʮǱӰһϲѪȻǾһսҿģƺá
ȺǰһӰ屻ɫţһؼǴ򴦶˳΢䶯һ£ѪһҲ
ʹ࣬ǵӰȴһԣֻǶͷϲ亹
ϷҲҺڰ֮˲ţΪǣֻҪϷȥʱϾ˵СѾͷʩչֶκ˵˺ڰϷ򲻽ɱ㣬ͳҺڰ֮Σԣź۵ɫضӣЦ
ޣ
ô˻ǵӰʱһڿˮ˳ϣЦҪ˵Σ
٣һСѾͷѣΪҺڰ֮ĵҿǳ˵ΡһϳЦ
ߣСѾͷһλЩϳ³ҲǻãһҲĵ
ǲͼѺڰ֮֣ҧ
ǲֻڰ֮֮λ۱£ֲ֪СѾͷƬӣ
ЦһϵǰԼû£롣
ϵǺǣʱСѾͷڵߣʲôһ˵㡣ǳĿضųģǲ˰
ؿȻ˵
ǾƲԳԷƣȻˣǾĪϷĺˡǳɱӹҲ˿ĿһգŰԪл۶ֱӻΪһԪ棬һݺݵضųȥ
״Ҳһ̾׼ĿʱһЦȴͻȻĴ͸Ũյû뵽ϲҪĶȻǵﶼܹ
˭
ʱõóһڰ֮ĳϸȳĿɨܵŨ
ŨУӰгسС
ֶ֣ĿڿյɨһȦȻͣѪĳϣ΢΢һЦ
㡭ֶ㵵ֶɫ͵һ䣬ȵǿߣ
ߣڰ֮ĳȴǹЦȻ͵ػ£ɱⱩɱˣ
ǣ
һ䣬Χ͵رӦԪȻӿǵصĶֶϯ
ֶɫĮɨһǰ㹥ƣȴδ˿ᣬֻڰ֮ĳϡ
飡
ƣ˲ӽֶɷΧҪ䵽֮ʱһ͵̣Ȼ󳽿ǾļЩ԰ǿߣȻڴʱƾյرըǷģ·ǱεĴһ㣬Եü˵Ĺ졣
ѪƮֶĽŲȴͣǰɫ΢΢һЦֻЦУһɱǵɱӿ
ǺǣСѾͷƬӣֶãҲЩëʸеģ


һǧٶʮ ̴֮
㣡
ڰ֮ĳ𾪵ߵǰֶߵЦѪ֮Եħһ㣬⡣
䣡
ϵ𾪽ɲǣǶȻΪһ̣Ԫ͵ϯһͺȣǿԪ籡ŨŨɱ⣬ݺݵغֶ
ֶЦݵˣû˿ֵļֻǾλǵȹƼ䵽ʱǵ壬ȴڴʱȻ̡
ͬʱ̵ģں嫱ӿԪһĨĿ־֮ɫڴʱӿ˵УΪǷ֣ǾȻһɲǣʧȥ˶ƿأ
ôһϵǶδ˵
㡭㾿˭ϺȻʧ
λѣǺڰ֮ˣǸܹһеĵطʱǺڰ֮ҲܹΪµѣκ飬ֻҪԸһɣ
ɯԼЩץסĿɿڴűüΪѸٵλϣ̲סصһֶĿһ㣬ϾǺڰ֮ǶǿߣȻǰ⿴ȥʮУ
֮УȻΪľңǼֶ֮ǰֶ˵ʵȣҲδԽ̫࣬£Ŷ̶ʱ䲻ʵȻ̶ֲֳˣ
Ǹո˵СѾͷƬӣ̴ɣֶ΢Цλڰ֮ĳϣ
ԣ΢΢һ䣬ҧ˵ͷԻһ˿ҵصĪѾͷԨԴɣ
ողǶ˵һô̴ãң磡ֶЦصֻЦԵøı
ͫ΢΢һап࣬˭뵽Ǹƹµһ˵СѾͷȻһôֲĴ磬һñǵùˡ
ԭǵĴ磬ǺǣһˣҪǳͽҪҺڰ֮Ƕ˷֮ǰһϸЦ
Ŷԭ
ֶЦŵ˵ͷλϼֶЦݣкȻǱϾҲϼ޻֮ˣоһŨŨΣգһȣԪޱϯһֶһΪڹ⣬ֿ
ϼһҪӣɫʱһڼֶƽɫʱеƽȻֶ֮ӺڵħֳֶԲʲôŮַŻɽ飬ȥ
ҲϣֶֻƽűˣҪŨ֮ʱƣһգָźɫâӶ
ͣ
ֶµɲǣ˱Ǽǰռ䶸ȻŤ޴ĺڶƾյĸֳ֮䣬ϲҽгһڽ˽ȥ
飡
ڶ֮Уҵĵͳ𶯣Ϸ·ڷţδãںڶѸٵתȥ
ڶת˰Σֶһӣڶɢȥɢģʵת־ĺڰ֮ĳϡ
Ƭյأٶڴʱѻȸǳɯ㶵ǰһĻλϣġˣ
֣û°ɣ˷㶼䣬ֶҲһЦָһ֮˸źâĺɫǾضѶȥ
ʦ֣㻹ðɣɯҲڴʱƣʱ˳
οȻеѵվֶһȭɫӵصֶּ֣ˣû뵽̶겻ȴǿز
˵Ҳ츳ߣȻĻҲû취ΪͨһλĺˣʵҲٶʵ˵ǲκֶ̬չ黹ࡣ
ʦ֣㻹ʶֶ簡һԵɯĨĨ۾Ҳڴʱ̲סصǰΪֶ˵Цء
ֶֿǵĴ磬оˡ¶ϲضֶЦ
֣ô£̴ôΪڰ֮ĵˣֶüͷ΢΢壬
ԣȴһЦĬһ£ֶֻǵ֮ǰ°ɣ̴㱻Ԫͷߣŭ֮±Ҫͷƴʦ˻ȥ
һȥ̴ȴһһ㣬ĻҲ쳣ĳĬһ˵ķ֮󲻾ãʦἰҪڰ
ڰֶüͷ壬ȴЩӿǸʲôط
һڰ֮ȨҲпĵطǺڰ֮ͳűȻҲŲڷǣڰƲЩߵĵطûʴȣֻѪȡ¶ɬص
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ֶȴŭ쳣࣬У̴ʼնǸСΧתСѾͷѾͷɰǰɽΪ³Կ࣬һֱȻڣôһСѾͷȻȥʲôմѪȣõ۵۾е㷢졣
Ȼֶһ·ͬѪ죬ȴԸԼմѪҲԸ⿴ǸһֱԼСѾͷͬһ㣡
ɹչأܼ򵥣ֻҪԼںˣõЦݣȻڣǸ۵СѾͷȴǱͬһմȾѪ
밤𣿣
ֶ˫յø֨죬Ǵĳһ㣬㱩ŭҲǿЦһڼ̴εĻٿı仯ȷõޱȵۡ
ʹ˵ֻҪһܹԪĨʲôģ⡣ӵؿֶôֻҪΪ㱨𡣡
ֶϵıŭڴʱһ˲۾һЩɳƵ૵Ѿͷô𣿡
Ĭ˺ðΣǻ˻֣Ǻڰ֮ô£
̴ʱ䣬Ϊ˺ڰĲгƿ˺ڰ֮Ϊǿһʦǳֻؾʧܣͷڰ̴Ϊڰ֮һε
ڰ̫֮Ӵ̴˵ͻͽϣһЩչ黹ŲһЩϰвͼϰ̴̴Ͼǵ꣬ͬƿŲСһǲϵڰ֮Щ
ֶɫ粻ʵЩ޷ôһŮôȥڰ֮ЩթϼһǶ֪Ѿͷ˶ٵĿ˶ί
̴ֶβһʾȴȡʱʦĴУҲǰнڰƿأʼˣЩǳ˴֮ǰǳܣ̴ȶʱЩϣȴǽڰ֮ΪϵĴ˳λֻ̤ؾ۷ǿߣλĳ棬ڰ֮ڵҲٶת̴ƿصĺڰ⣬ˣͶǷԵһ
Щ̴֧ģҲڰбϴ
ЦϲĻӦǴ֮ļ֮ϣױƹ̴֮λԼڰ̴ҲǱƵ·ˡ
ֶԭɫ곽˵ȴ𽥵ƽ˫Ŀκ󣬻˻֣֣ȥڰ֮
ж಻ϲѾͷЩ£ֶã˭Ҫ۸ãӾͻ
ֶ˫ۣеȴó˽ŵ׶ðźǴӺڰ̴ЩС׼ˡ


һǧٶʮ ڰ֮
ǧɽ֮ʵЩֶϣ˳ֶԵϤ˴·ȵ߳ǧɽʱ֮
վǧɽ֮⣬ֶźǼʶǱؿԭʼɽҲ̲סһȻתƬط˿ռӡǣ˵ĻԺܹƾµĿռӡֱ˺ѿռЧʵܹࡣ
ֶ֣ŸոյִﱱԵڰ֮ܲڱĵĺڰ֮ǣҪϹȥҲҪʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǹϲϵϼ俪ʼԶЩǵص
һʱ㹻ˡֶһЦǧɽż˿ֲԪŨǵٶȻʩչ£һʱ䣬ԸϵǺڰ֮ǡ
Ǿɣ𽥱ڶ೤ϹЩڱԸַʽǻصڰ֮ǣȻҪڴ˴֮ϱƹ֡̾
ֶ΢΢ͷ֣λֻ̤ؾϹ֣ǷǺڰ֮ǿˣ
ǰڰ֮ǣضһƽȻ˵ĻֶӣȻҪǵʵ׵Ūúʡ
֪λ˵ȷǺڰ֮ϵλҲ֪ڰ֮ƾãǴǧأоûصøĻʯϹ֣һ治룬ҡҡͷ飬һЩڰ֮ĳ϶͸ο
ڰ֮򵥡
һԵͻȻǾ̫幬ͬƾãҲǴһЩż֮Ͽйغڰ֮Ϣ
ڰ֮ĴߣӦǺڰĵڶӵߣҺڰͬŸĳ˯ɢأȻǿãڰȴǲͬԴӺڰ䵽ڶУڰ֮󣬺ڰһֱںڰ֮ֱ񡣡
ŶֶҲӹһĨ죬Ϊ˽⣬һ֣ضǿߵҪһֱıȥɲһ򵥵£һӵ׵ۣΪħ죬׸٣ҲӵǿֶΣշӡħ׽罫أҲɢأ
ƺڰ֣ܹ֮һֱĽڰģȴ൱ĲףҲ˵ڰ֮ʵˣȻĻһ
㣬ӵڶ񣬺ڰλ̴Ӧñǵڰӵߡ
ֶһۣڰܹ֮ڰô꣬ȻֶΣģ̴ӦòδֶΣȻĻڰ֮ЩϾƹ顣
ԴǰȥҲô⡣
ֶ΢΢һ˵ͷСڰ֮ⱱ̶Ȳȶڰ֮ȴƬӴ֮ףûκεܹҡǵĸ붫ֶ㶦ȻǽȻͬҲǴһ淴ӳڰ֮ǿ֮
ⱱİҵҲʶһ
ֶЦЦȻ֪ڰ֮ʡ͵ĵƣȴûκεľ⣬ʵؼ䶥Σֻصת־ʵټϿֻؾǿߵĴھԼ֮Ѱֻؾǿߣ⣬ֶɹһֻؽٵֻǿߣܹ档
ֲεǿߣؼҲѰ٣ҪУҲٵִԶŻĳʯˡ
ֶƽɫҲ΢΢һֶʵ޷͸Ͷǽڰ֮ĳĨɱֶȻһ൱ֲĲΣҪ̴Ҳֻܹ
߰ɡ
ֶ˻֣Ҳٶ˵һ䣬ź嫾˾Ը𣬶ռ𽥵Ťһͬʱʧȥٴγʱڰ֮⡣

ϣûͬǰ㷱Ƕĸĵ򣬶ɺڰ֮õķֵͳ죬һֵ֮һĵҲż˸ӵĹΣһ֮ϣڰ֮ͳԣԵñȶһΣҲѹֺڰܹ֮Ϊⱱ֮İ
˵ǧɽڰ֮Ǿ뼫ңԶֶ˺ѿռ·ٶȣȴǽָ·ʱ౶ˣõڶ峿ʱǵִ˺ڰ֮ǵΧ
վһɽϣֶԶֻǰɽˮ㴦һͷӴУһͷǱڵصԶžޣš
ְͨɫʣһ³֮УϿգһ޴ޱȵİڹаС
֮ϣתһ޷ĺ嫲ֱǿռ䶼ǳһЩŤļ
ֶĽǶȿȥܹʮ޴ޱȵĳſڣʱЩſ⣬ӿ룬ǵ֮
еĹģֶ֮Ĺ¹һУǧˣڰ֮ǣǺڰ֮ܲڣֱ൱Сѹڰ֮Ϊһ֮λܹһڰ֮ĵֱⱱףּƿ˵
Ǻڰ֮һεʢᣬÿʱ򣬱дССǰݣ˭ǸҲµڶպڰǻѰȥƲáǳ֮ĺƺƵȺ
ڰ治Ǹõطֶȴü̲סӿѾͷʲôطȥȴҪȥѪȶѻĵط
ֶҲֻܿЦһӺħһĨɱԪžѪֶͬǲһ̴Ҳ㣬ȴŭøʲôһ
ֶ֣ΪԵʣڰ֮ǵķҲΪɭϵʱ򣬶µƣЩϱضƿ˳еǴӳŽȥ»ᱻѲ
ȻŲܽǾֱ˺ǻǴɡֶص
Һڰ֮һεǿ˺ѵĻͻᾪǿߡεص
ȻҪסңûôסֶһЦ֣ɯǽǰɣ档
šͷˣ˳Ҳﲻ˶æְš
ֶһӣɢȻ˰ռ仺Ť˵壬ƾյʧȥ
ֻܸоԺһѣΣعʱȻֻǺڰ֮ϣԶĺ󷽣ֺɫţǵĽȴǺ޷Ӧ
̾һΪڰ֮ˣȻ󷨵ǿᣬֶȴܹȥ磬㱾£붼еֲ
ֶЦЦȻδռܹһЩռҪ󷨣ʲô¡
ĿԶڰ֮ǵģֻͻȻڰâնһʢ̻
Щڰ⻪ɫҲ𽥵
Ѿʼˡ


һǧʮ ƹ
ھ޴ޱȵĺڰ֮룬һӴýͷĺʯ㳡㳡֮ϣɫʯֱЩɫʯϣģЩǶԺڰ֮й޴׵ˣͬʱҲǺڰ֮ٮٮߡ
㳡Ϊڰ㳡Ǻڰ֮ǵصأΨÿ俪ʼʱ˴űţܹ뵽ˣҲⱱȨߣȻνȨƣȻҲǺڰ֮衣
ĺڰ㳡Уѹѹ˺һȥȴ޷ͷȻ˿ֲȺƬأȴǰÿһ˶ǲҷκεĿη㳡ĵλãһɫ̳̳ʯݣʯݵ壬һɫڴ˴ԸƬڰ㳡Ǹλã·Ǳ֮λ
ʱǼ̳֮ϣһϸӰźɫȹۣȹ۱ԵŰɫ»ƣԼ䣬һԼ֮ɢ
һƽգѩļ°ü̵ͦǣرһԾ̶۾ȥΪҹգ֮£ȴ͸޾أ̲סسС
գȻ˼죬ϡܹǽε̴֮⣬źˣ
̴û˵Ľ۲ת䣬絶֮£ŵѪ֮ӿ񷢺
֮ϣĿ⸩ɽ˺ĺڰ㳡ĿǫӰ˸ӡ
ǿʽŮȴǳΪⱱͶ䣬ƿ˵Ȩ졣
ϵϵɨȫͷ
䣬ʼ
䣬һۻԪİ£ԶԶش쳹֮䡣
ɫâ𣬷·һʢᡣ
ڰ㳡Уʼ½½ŴӱԳ֣ǹ˷ؼ䴫
ǰؼ䣬Ƶ򳼷
ѩɽɽף棬񹦸

ʢ£֮ϰٷ֮ʮԶԸͬһݣ˭Ҳȱϯ㳡ϣ۵ǿߣӵűҵǺƺƵĹģ˵Ǻ֮
ޱȵĺڹ㳡лص̳֮ϵǵӰȴû˿Ĳ۹΢΢һתǺڰ㳡ǰϯλϣŲӰĮȻЩ˴඼ǰ׷Բԣ֮ϵ۷Ҳ¶ںڰ֮зͬѰݡ
ʱشĵϣȴ΢˫Ŀ˿δĿͶ̳֮ϵǵӰһЩ΢ƲȻЩм
ӰǰϵнľӰ˷԰ףϲĹƣǴʱ΢ͷڳ˯һ㡣
ϵ̴ĿɨӰҲ΢΢һеСֻؽգӹһĨɱ⡣
һֱĳţƬضǻصֹ˭ܹоһεļ䣬ƺһЩ֮ͬ
Ŀ͵͵شźڰ㳡Ȼǰĳڵϯλͣ£Ŀת̳ΧźµӰǵϣŨŨѪζɢǵĺϣһĹͷϣһɫش룬ɷˡ
֧ӣеİǶſ־壬ΪǺڰ֮ΪѪȵĵطͬʱҲǺڰ֮ǿһţڰ
£֧ڰǿߣ̳ػԵλãǳڣǷģȻڽ䱸ʲô
ڰ㳡һֹŹֵ֮С
һЩ԰жӣ֮ǰǱܵһЩһεļ䣬»ĲƽֻӦû̫ĹϵǺڰ֮ڵεȨǳȨǶûзڰ֮Ȼʸ
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̵ú𽥵ͣ£ʱؼգ·Ȼ̡
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֮ԣȣ֮УſӿֻҪɹɼ룬ô֮ͽʵ˭ҲԲá
ǰߣǽյ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿һֱеƣ˳
󷽣һ߼״жʱһĨӿͷվȵţ
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̴ӶǴϣ쳹𣺡ϣʦǰԽ֮λңչأҲԽš
˵ϵԽ֮λ㣬ȴֻһ֮ʣϷϢϵֻؾʱ͵Ϯ֣ͻʧܣձߺڰͼƿҺڰ֮Ц
Ѿͷ䲻ȴĺʦ鶼óǵ֮λ֣Һڰ֮ڶĿ
ϣݵöԵǵ浱ڰܹ״ˣҲ浱Ĵܹǿ᲻ɣһ
ߣ˭˲֪ҪôУҪĸԸпܳɹڴ˴ͼʵ˴һλҲǳ
ϵѾͷмӣ˭֪Ƿʩչʲôǿ˺ڰ봫С
ǴһӣĿһת˵ҪΪһ֮ҲӦֳ֪Һڰ֮ʥɣ
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ϸɲӹһḬ֮̃ɫЦڰһأ
̴̽һգֻúڹ𽥵ۣΪһͨڣϲŸ·ĵĺɫɫһ֣˶ǸоһֺϮǷģ·ǺǴһ㡣
Ǻڰ֮ڶʥԶĺڰʥϣڣʲôҪ˵̴պڰ֮£ڰ֮е
̴еǺɫҲ΢΢һĿ⣬ȴǿǰˡ
Ŀע£Ҳǻյ˫ĿĿĮȻؿ̴ûжеؼ䣬ص
СѾͷȷеĺڰʥô


һǧʮһ 
СѾͷȷеĺڰʥô
ĮƮڰ㳡Ͽգȴõͷҵ˿ӰĿЩ־ɫʣԼǸоǵĿֲ
λ̫ϣǴ˻Ǻ⣿
̴Ҳڴʱ΢΢һϸСֽǱĺɫĪΪڰʥǼٵĲɣ
̫ϻ̧ƹֵĲӣĮȻض̴صڰʥȷģȴģԣҲȫĻҺڰ֮ʥ
ŶҵҪǸôĲʦڽʱɲδ˵¡̴Ц
£Ī˵㣬ʦͬҲ֪֮λ̫ҡҡͷ
˵̴ɫһ
𱲷֣ʦýҶһʦ壬ڰ֮ܣЩ֪ģк֣
λ̫Ϸ̵һЦڰʥԹǷΪ֣飬еĺڰʥȴ߱飬˵ʥ
̴˵˵ȻҺڰ֮λ󣬵輰ʥ
ǺôĿʦڣҲҶϷΣСѾͷȷЩʶѹ೤Ϸ㣡
λ̫ɫһЦڰʥһˣǺڰ֮ڵԶŴսʱش鱻٣Ǻڰ֮һεУһ޸֮֮ʣٶ飬úڰʥ
ΪһЩʣȴ޹ʧ٣˵⻹ʦĹֻҺڰ֮йķϣϷҲδ˵ʲôȴȴǲټ㱣ȥ
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λ̫ϣͬδ˵ɲ߱˵Ҳǳ˵Ǻڰĳϣֻȴڲг볤ŽȻͬ
ҪڰʥǷʵҲѣСѾͷԡһ̫ϵص
̴кӿʱѱƵû·ӿôҧǾ̫˵ɡ
֮汮ӦҲ֪汮ŵһεϢڰʥǵһεֻҪúڰʥ汮ڰʥ֮Ȼܹ汮֮ºۼǲȻǺá
̫ϵĮһЦ˵ֹЩð棬Ϊ˺ڰ֮İҲɸң
Ŀ̳֮ϵ̴ҪȴĻش
мơ߼
̴΢˫ۣȴҡͷڣǻѡ𣿡
ĬȻλ̫ϵĳ棬ںڰ֮û̫ƣǾܾĻõó˽ڡ
ãλ̫ϣ
̴͵˫ۣӹһĨ֮ɫСһպڰʥһֱǳ汮֮ǰһ߳ǻƿռ䣬汮֮ϡ

Ľ֮ڹ㳡֮쳹Ŀ汮ȻͫױһΪ´汮δ˿ĺۼ

һƬ𶯵ĻȻ֮
̴Ծأǹ⻬޺۵汮ҲӹһĨϸ΢Ĳ԰ףݽҧ촽һ˿Ѫ
СѾͷ㻹ʲô˵λ̫ϵһЦ
̴ѹеĶһתƽλ̫˵ȷʵԭڰʥ治
ǴԣʱһϲȻ˵̴ǽŵӴԺѰ飬ҲҵǲѰأʦҲĿ
ߣѾͷǻϹͷŭһûϵ̴գ۱ǽ¸ȥ
Ѱ飬Ǻڰ֮񣬲ʥδܾ룬֮λҲ̫ϵɫĮ׷ᡣ
̴𽥵رüĴǹϵķƬأҲغڰλ̫ϣǲ֪Ϊڰ־Ƿ
֮УʼһЩεıɱ⣬Ȼλ̫ϵͱˣҲǼŭ
λ̫ϸؼ䵴ֹϲҲ΢΢ӹһĨɫĪҪڰǿѹϷˣ
ڰҵλ̫ϣҾ󣬷ãͱˣ̴Ҳֻڰɨˣ̴֮УѪ֮ʱҲǱƵչֳǿӲһ档
λ̫΢΢ǰ㣬ɿֲϢҲǻӳǽԺڰĲĵ
Ƭصգ˲ǽ
Ǻǣʦȷһܲĵӡ̼䣬һλ̫ͻȻһЦĿ΢ʵҪǴӦ֮λҲδɣֻȴϣܴӦһ
̴ɫ䣬ǽҲɻϲʵֲ쳣ǶźڰҲռϷ磬˺Ƥ֣Ȼ֮ߡ
̫ϵ˵޷̴ͷ󵭵ص
Ҳֻһͽ㵹ǰĽúܣܹ֮λҶ˵ٶ˵
̫ЦЦһӣǳУһ¿ӿ첽߳Ŀȵضż̳֮ϵ̴̴Ҳ֪жϲ㣬ܼ޸ңȻϵ֮λ
̫ϣ⣿ǴϼһĻȴһ㶣æ
λ̫ϰ˰ֻ֣â˸Ҳ֪ʲô
Ƭڰ㳡Ǽžż̳ϵ̴Ļǳ˵ϣֻǲ֪߾ǷΪ˵λãί¼ޡ
̳ϣ̴Сֽźڰʥ𪽿۵ֱ֮ϣϸСֳ΢΢ţúһ֮УŨŨŭԼѪ֮ӿоڣ
ڣ
̳ܣ͵رͺǳǧĺӰ͵վ
ӱƹͼ۶֮λҵ棬ɸõΣ
ɱ
һĺЯɱ㳡
ôĵӣλ̫ȻɫȻȵ
ȻͱˣǱգҪԣڰܷƲǣ̴ͬȣһգڰ֮͵ϯƬأ׵ĻΪڰ
ѾͷǲȻҶ˸ҳ棬㻹ΪڰܶγѹƲɣλ̫Цһֱǳڰϣ˫͵ؽӡֱ汮֮ϡ
󱲲Т֮飬ѹ
λ̫ȣ汮һڰ⻪𣬶̴ڴʱ΢΢԰Ϊоںڰ·ڴʱѹһ㡣
֮飿
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СѾͷͣҲϷ
ڰɹѹƣλ̫϶ʱЦһָյŨŨֻزĺɫ˲˺ʣĶż̳֮ϵ̴ȥ
̴֣ʱΣϢһҧСֽźڰʥȻ߶ȫӭ
䣡
ҪʱƬأ͵ž֮쳹һ̧ͷֻղ֪ʱܲһǧӴֱս£˲ǽֻزĺɫȥݺݵضλ̫ϳ˹ȥ
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âǵصı̫ϾǱϰٲɫһ䣬ȵ˭
¡
ϣһ£̴ԾĿǰ׹⻺ۣ𾪵ĿУΪһӰ

߼æ̴ǰĿ¶䱸ضǵӰ·ٵӰҲ˲̴ŰΧ
׹ǵĿע£𽥵ɢȥһӰҲǳ˵ע֮С
ǵӰһ֣תȻǵͻȻӲ̴΢΢һЦ
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زǰЩΡΡ߳Ȼ󲽷͵ؼӿ죬ˮһ㣬ӿ˳
ۡ
ݺݵ˵ǵӰϣ۵һЩо㵵Ŀд˳ǵӰţ˺ѷεĿӼ̳ϴ㳡Ͽգϵػصš
Ӱǰʲôڰ֮ĵԶǸֻ֪Сƨ棬ҲֻǰŻ޵ô޼ɵ·ٴίܹΪš
ֶǿ޵ҡҡ׹ŮҲ̲סһᣬŮӽ§ţһǰʱСŮꡣ
ԣޣиڣ˭Ҳ۸㡣


һǧʮ 
̴˺ѷΰĿӼ̳ϴصƬڰ㳡Ͽգȴõ˶ǴرЩڰǿߣԴ̴ڰģһĮýûжеŮǰСϣ֪Ⱦ˶ٵѪȣգ̶ʱУӺڰһλͨӣΪӵְȨĲгλͬںڰ֮ӵżݵĸгǺ䣬Ϊ硣
Ȼ̴ѪֶκȴǵһμȻһ棬ǰһĻȫȫûֶǣسΪһ֮Ů
ЩŵĳϣҲĿ¶ɵһĻ̫ϣضһӰ
̴Ŀһֱĳţ·ҪѹĿίؿ޳һ㣬úֶʪ͸ؿڣҲһΣ໳ŮСԴιû޹ڿǺڰ֮ĵء
еŮسţ̧ͨĴ۾ųϤӣ˳̵ͦǣֶ硭Ҿ֪һµġ
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ףȽ鷳ʰ㡣ֶһ
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Ǻġ̴̫ʵԪŵͷΪĿֲ
ֶһЦ̴Դɫȴ𽥵رǰϲĶ̴ͱ˵ֹؿУһ뵽̴СѾͷб̲סɱӿڼ˵ܹѵСѾͷ⣬᲻ú۸ĶĸУ
ֶɫ̴ҲһЩ֮ӿԹԵص˵ͷ
λѲ֪ǺηˣΪҪҺڰ֮£ʱ̫ڼ̴ֶǾٶüͷҲһ壬ȵ
ֶתɫĮϵλ̫ϣǰ۸۸úˬǰɣ
λѣǺڰ֮ڲ֮¡
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λ̫ɫһͣɫ˭û뵽ȥµһ˵СѾͷȻôһΪǰû˵
ڰ㳡ϣǿҲԭεǿĴ磬ǰλ̫϶̴Ϊλ磬Ǿưոݵˡ
磬µ£ҲҪǺڰ֮ǧͽһСλ̫

ֶЦһ£֮Уɱ糱ˮӿϲĶˣͲҪʲô˰ɣ
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ߣСӣҪϷˣԣ
λ̫ô˻ҲǺ˸ȻֶܹѲҲûжټɵֻؾʵõǰȺۣǿɲţǰ⿴ȥ̴˶ٵСӣſǵͣ
𣿡
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䣡
λ̫ϼ״Ϣ˲䱬ԪϯԪ֮УŨŨֻزɢ˸еη塣
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ৣ
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ڰ֮ܣ
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ݺݵسǺڰ֮ϣ׹Ⱪ䣬һɹɿ񱩵ʴ˲Ǻڰ֮沼ѷ죬һ׵׵رը
ݣ
ںڰܱ֮ը˲䣬̫ͫױһΪǼһӰǹȰسǰϽâǧϽ쳤Хϵ֮쳹

Ͻצ˲˺ѿռ䣬ž޴ӰݺݵɫЩ仯λ̫ϡ
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ͣ
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¡
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أ
Ӱðẕֱ́Ĵ׹£ĿɿڴĿУǺڰ㳡ϣֱǽǼӲޱȵĹ㳡ҳһǧӴ֡
ǹ֮УǱӰǿվţҡҡλμ䣬һѪ̲ס˳
һĻЩŵĳϣǰʱ̲סһڣһɿ־֮飬ӿͷǿĵƣȻʧˣ


һǧʮ 
ˡ
ڰ㳡ڴʱ޴֮ЩԱĿɿڴһĻŨŨĺȻ֮ɫ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬λʵﵽֻؾ̫ϣȻˣ
ôܣ
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ϣֶɫĮȻ·޿֮еˣصڣղǾ仰ʸ˵һ𣿡
һΣѻȸЩŵĳ϶ǽͣһЩ̴Ե׵ĳ֮⣬һЩĿȻһЩ˸ⲻ֪ð̴磬ʵȻǼΪĿֲûʲôܹ
̳ϣЩڰǿߵ¶ϲɫλ̫ϱǳŵյƣǶã³Ҳٲ࿹⡣
޿֮У̫һѪϵӶǱò԰࣬Ȼֶ׺ݹʱͬ˲ˡ
㣡
λ̫ҧȴǿ̳֮ϵ̴Һڰ֮£㾹ȻҪˣ֮ληˣ
̴ԣȴЦһλ̫ϣ⻰˵ãֻǰѹʱôǵԼݣҲֱ֪ʦҪߣǰΪʲô
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ںڰ֮£Ҳû飬̴ã֮ڰ֮ĵȻ۸⵱ģȻҪΪֻع£ûôƽֶضλ̫ϣƽУȴɱӿ
ֶ˻ǰղưոݣⲻõλ̫Ҳ΢΢һ䣬ֶֺǷܹоߵභĻֶ֣Ķ֡
ЩŵĳϣͬɫЩ԰ף̫ϱҲʧȥĿɽʱ̴ֶΡ嶼е⡣
ҲҪ̫ˣ浱Һڰ֮ô۸ɣλ̫ɫĺȵ
ֶĮȻؿˣȴǲ˵ֻϣٶƻ۶һֿ񱩵֮Ѹٵػۡ
㣡̫ϼֶӲԣҲӹһĨݶ֮ɫǶһۣ͵һҧȵãҵģ浱Ϸû֮𣿣
һ䣬ֻһ̽ĹâۣǻΪһ۴Сĺɫ壬֮ϣһӵġ
ֶһĻҲӹһĨɫǺɫ棬һɼΪصĲ
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ôôٻ֮飿ҲǾ֮ɫ
ˡ
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ڰ㳡УҲǱһЩɧ֮ٺڰ֮ĸ߲¶֮ɫǺڰʥ飬ԭǱλ̫ϸ͵ˣѹĵ˵Ǻڰʥ
ߣֵ˵˵
λ̫кâһһǵӰһ֮£ǳֶǰӿ֮ϯֶ
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ߡ
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һ̫ȶԪӿֻ֮زֱƾӲǷӲһ
𻨱䣬ռ䶼ǳһŤ֮У̴̫ϽǺʮڲͷ֮ϣһӰӶһ̫ϣҲ׺֣Ƶͷ
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ͣ
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֮ˣȻһֱԱߵ
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ʱЩڰǿ߷Żعæӵϣ̴ػס
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̴ֹһ㲻ֶġ
Ȼδ˵꣬Ȼ˹ʱӣն̲ס΢һ£Ȼ󾲾ҡҡͷ
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أ
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ĵڶУ˺֮ոճΣֱӲرħɢȥʵԶԶسԽֶ
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͵һץֻغڰһֻλ֮⴩͸ħյ۶ħ֮ϣһֻ޴ĺɫ۾۾գ䣬Ż֮
ݣ
һ̺Ż֮ħ⣬Ȼħһ֮£ǽֶ֡
ħⱩ£ֶһץһǧӴĺڶбǰΣתһ㣬ĽǵħӲӶ¡
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ڶУıը죬ǺڶǱŤһرը
ֶΣֱǱֿµĳǧɣһһĨѪǸֳĹֲ̫ʹ֮⣬δܳ
治ӵأ㹥Ƕɹһֻؽٵǿ߶޷ȴǱֶЦص
ֶȴδϻ˫ӡȻãͰ£߾
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أ
ǧӴڴʱƴأعע֮ϵһӰ֮С
ֲעֱõ嶼һȦ͵쳤ХХ֮УŹϵ֮

Ͻâڴʱ籡ǧϽֶڷɣƷ䣬Ƭռ䶼ǾҵŤ·أǱѹñȥ
ֶƤ棬һɹϽâţĿ׺ݵضϵ͵رӶֱӽӽһȭǧϽ֮裬ȭռ顣
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ֶ׺ݹƣȴ˿ˣճħֱ֮ϲƣҲһȭӲֶһ
˫ȭӲǧɵĿռ䣬Ǵѡ
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һн׹˸ȭӰХǵصضԺȥ
ħӿ
¡¡
ռϵ쳹ţؼ䣬쫷תǵȿֲĹƣƬɽ֣˲Ϊƽء
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һ׺޷Ķֶ˫ȭ֮ϣѪ죬ѪⶼǱɢȥ¶ĹӵźǣȻĻֳ£ǵûΪĩ
ˣѪҲǼ˵𵴣Ӳ׺ȴܴᡣ
ֶεɶȥĿضʱĺ˫ȭϣͬźɫѪЦݵ΢ЩҲûϵԸһֶȻԼƣȻԣʲô
Ǹ򵥵ļһﰡĻҸɱˣ
ϣٶЦݸֳһţƬճħֱǱһ̽ڡ
ˡ
壬ڴʱҵĲճĺɫ͸棬һȥѪȵĺɫħס
ħ׼壬֮ϣÿһȣǳſµ֮Уħһ֣һ޷ĿֲҲǻɢָоһĻ֮䡣
ֶһĻͫҲ΢΢
ֶ֪Ǻֶ΢΢һЦЦУȴɱ⡣
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ħʼףǵĻԴǣһֻԶŰʱǷŻᶯãգΪ㣬ȴǽ߶˳ԡ
ϵЦݣ𽥵
ԡվУҲûÿϧˣ
ֶǲѪ˫ƻգԭ࣬𽥵ƽⳡսõоζʲôˣҪɱңҲ븶Ĵۣ
ֶ˫ĿȻԲһɷӿ


һǧʮ ս
ħӿ̤գ֮ħʼ˸ı󣬴ʱһѪ֮ӿ
ֿµѹ֮Уõ·ǼӾ
ǧϽֶϵ֮쳹˫֮ͫУһһԵ÷Ĺ졣
أ
ֶΣٶڴʱӶ˫ȭӶֱǻΪӴޱȵϽצݺݵضŭȥ
Ȼֶ׺ƣȴӹһĨ֮ɫξ˿Խɽƽצص䵽֮ϡ

Ľ֮˿ħʼ֮ϸδ˿ĺۼĮЦֶеĳŨȻͬɫиǵָһ㡣
ݡ
һħֱӴָ˲ǽ˰ǧϽƵצ˺Ѷȥ
ĻЦţбǵһӰӶߵһֱۣڴʱһҺ״ʵҺУ׹˸âۣԼܹϷڸš
Ȼܹ֮õ̶ֳˡӹһĨϸ΢Ĳ죬ҲǶȻգһȭûκεĻΣеģֻǹɽ
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ҺȭͷǸħʼ׵ħȭӲһƬռ·ڴʱȥħӿ䣬ֶΣٶȱˡ
ৡ
˺˲䣬͵һӣһ⻪Ӷ˲ӭ籩ǣΪһ޴ʯʯ֮ϣŹϵĲ
߱ʯҲһҡҡͷû뵽ҲУϧ߱ƺδָ۷ʵȻĻյҲЩ鷳
ˡ
˵䣬߱Ǵ⻪ݺݵضѹȥ֮£ž޴Ϲš
ֶ߱ȴδʹͣ£ָһ䣬߲ʺ⸡ֻ֣Ҳֳҡμ䣬ﻯΪһХֱӶϯȥ

ٶȱҲͬЦһû뵽ԶǰʮĳУֶУ
ֶεȷϧá
Цţű֮ɫȻӿȻһֱ̧ؽѹĴ߱סһ߳ǵϯҲǾرȥǵȿֲ֮£Ϊĩ
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ЦȭӰХ̩ɽڴ֮߱ϣǷ߱ƵýڽڰˣҲǱص¡
ħʼ׵ʵȷǿֲýˡ
ֶǽ߱ƾҲأһ˫ĿȴǻϣüĴһ߸֣󻺻˺ѿ
ǵߵѿһֻĪ۾ҲǳֶüģȻ֮ۡ
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ৣ
˫ɲǣ֮ڵĹâҲǿҵ£һźâ׹ĹȻб
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أ
ҫ۵ǿɢâ𽥵ȥֻɽ̤գֻħʼŴȴһƸֳ
ֶһĻɫҲ̲סһ䣬û뵽Ǵ߶ۣ֮Ҳֻǽħʼ˺ѳһӣⶫŶôĿֲ
ͬǵͷŴƣȴǱüȻħʼױֶΪıŭǵĻ裬˶Ƕԣȴǽ衣
Ҳ湻˰ɣ
ϵЦݾصȥ͵һ̤˲ưֶǰħƷֱǶֶŭȥ

ǧϽڣΪһϽӲغײһȻӴɲǣϽâѶϽǱ˺ѡ
ֶαˣǹʴǿ䴫һƺħʼ׵ȷ̫ˡ
һֶɱȻǲٴȥһٶ׷ϣħȭӶ䣬ħӿ
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ٶ׺ݶֶȻǿʼ·磬֮ϵħʼޱȣ߶֮ҲԶ̫˺ĹȴǵСĽǺ໤ѳˡ
ˣҲ
䣡
һǿͶֶ΢һѪӿһ³ȥɫȴ
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£ɱҲŨҪʱ͵â㽣â˵ԶԶﲻĳ̶ȣֻǵһЦһգؽǵâ󱬶ȥ

һЦȻЦлδȫ£ֻһٻӰȴͻأǰһ泤綾߳Ĵ

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Ŵľʹ˲Ť͵һƺǰҲǵɶһѪԱɴ󽫱ɴҲɶȥ
ǵɶɱⱩӿһգֻһճħ˲бӶȻᴩգݺݵضȥ
㹥ƣҲҧֽճǿӭ
֣һӰǿȰǰһͺϽƱӿһȭӲغħ֮ϡ
أ
ռڴʱֶȴػһѪ˳ֱ۶ڴʱŤһЩʹֱϴͷ϶ʱ亹ð
ֶֶⷬģҲһ
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Сģ
ʧʱֶɫһ䣬æһѽץ˹ҲǵڽڻʱӰǳ࣬ɭȻһЦ̺ħƷ磬Ǻֶ֮ϡ
͡
ֶһѪμٵ׹£Ȼ˽صƬɽ֮С

ЦţȴǺ飬һУħΣĹᴩգݺݵغȥ
УֶǱضţɱһЩÿһεĹú󱳸ǿн仳е񣬵˿δˡ
飡
ֲƣֱ·ĴرѿֶѪģȴسӣҲ䣬ǵѪŨ
˸ӡֶһǿдѣΣ
ǽߵӣ߽ҧϵѪЩǱģУȴ̲סؽҧź촽ӣڴʱü˵
ΪʲôҪôƴ
ŴʱǱȴͷЩֶҧź촽૵
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ͻȻ̫ϸӦ̸ˣô죿


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ֶͻȻĻȴһ£Цڿɲѧ̫ϸӦʱ򡣡
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ݡ
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΢΢ҡͷֶһۣһ£ȷſ𣿡
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ѹҲһ΢΢ͷȻǼֶǽҧӣ滹һЩʹ֮ɫ
еǱ֮Ҳ𽥵ӿ֮ɫ΢΢ԥһ£Ȼؽֶͷĺˮزȥ
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ȻĻȴ΢΢ҡͷȻͻȻ֣֬СУһöɫĵ衣
㡭ˡǵֶߣ
˵ģֶһ㶣ǲֱӽǵ̽ڣǸоԣ壬һֵĻ͵ӿ˳ңֻӿʱԺеѣζȻӿѣΣƤǻش¡
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Ż˯ȥֶ覵ϣһƬҧӬ̫ϸӦǾ̫幬֮أҲˣΪ׼ȷ˵̫ϸӦûֻ֮һµĸӦضǿǸӦ֮ء
ҪҲӦشڣڳһ֮⣬ΨСΨ˫֮ͬӦ
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̾һܹõǰĸ߰ϻ۵Ůӣóڶı취ֶһҲС¡ˡ
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Ϊʲôһ㶣ȻЩ뷨ŮӣȻǶ鼫˿صģƽǱɴ棬Ѱ뿴ݶǼѣװףⱲӾֻǱֶײմȾ㸶ɲס
ҲϲֻΡҡҡͷ
ҿЦŵͷȻֶΪʲôҪѧ̫ϸӦǺ֪ҪҪĻӣ»ǻоǷܶ࣬һ㣬Ǹ߰뿴ġ
һᾡΪ㱣ܡ
ллˡȻһЦɲǼųķ飬õ״̬̾ƮȻԶȥŮ֮ⶫȻͷ۵ġ
ԶȥñԼգֶһӣһâӳžǻΪһ˸ŹâݣⶫȻһ鱦ֻڷ֮⣬ȴǲû̫á
ֶرȻ߽ݣСطǴ֮ϡ
ڴԵߣϤӣǰӻЩʱ
ʱҲû뵽һ죬Щ֪ĻɽϣֱӸɴһһɱˣǾʲô¶ûˡ
ֶðκžҲŵĻӿҧվӣִһЩĽ
ѩ׵ȹ£һû˿覴õر¶֮ڣ΢΢زţȥһ־˶ǵС
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ŴǻԹȥȴɢŹ¶ȵӣǹԼ֮ǰԼʱѪȥǱӣ̲סһЦֻȴˮţ˳յ
һӣ֮ڣغڰǺڰ֮Уȴһ⣬Ŷ
ʱⰻȻʱ䡣


һǧʮ Ӧ
֮ϣħ̤գɫ·Ǿ޴ޱȵĹ󷨣кâڼٵš
Ǭ󡭡Сӣ˾ޱȰ
ϤĹ󷨣ȴһЦ󷨵Զʱڱ̹ʱ󷨿ڷУ겻֪ŶħĨɱ
ҽʴˡ
һӣЦǬȻպգֶȻδ裬ټʵԶԶȣõмּɵ
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ǱڵĵˣǾΪá
뵽˴ǿǬĿ⣬ɭ
ҵҪǬֶܹá

֮Уֶʶ·ûоͷƮʶҲǼΪģֻżܹܵһЩĪ
ʶӤƮ֮Уģ֮УƺһʶƶĻţָоΪ
ΪʶҲǿȥǵʶסһӹģƺ嶯˶ԼԼأ·Ůҧź촽ߵ
ʶƮؼ䣬ңԶͻȻʵĹâֹ֣âǻ֮⣬سʱĶ
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һ޷ظӦڴʱȻĵָоĳ硭
ʱ仺ţһɼͨĸоʶ֮糱ˮӿģʶʼѡ

ֶٶʱɽӳ֮Уڵϣ΢΢̧ͷǼǷľ޴󷨡
лһѣΣֶ΢΢˦˦ͷ˦ȻӣУеãȻ
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ǰֶ̧ͷȻǼڲԶһ峺ӾؿʱϣűɴڣϸĽڰɫȹİ£չֳ߻ȡ
ʱԭŵǧ˿ȴɢٲͦ̽δ֪ΪΣʱȥһζζõֶѹĶ
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ƽֶüͷȴ΢΢һ壬Լأ֪ΪθоһЩԾĵطǽָоŲʱĹ⾰ֶƽ׵ضо
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ǰӰݽҧź촽һĨӿţһֺе̬һ
ֶ̧ͷյ˫ֻɿУһĲӿ


һǧʮһ ׹ڼ
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׹˸ɿСţϢ֮󣬱ǻΪһ޴ɫ׹ֶС
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ˡ
ɫ洦âתϸСĺڶгΣϣδȻƬռǳһֱļ
ϣҲΪֶ˾Цܹõز㻹ǳҵϣ֮ʵ蹵ֶٶ࣬Ҳ޷ֲ
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һ˲ħһϯħʼ׺ڹ磬ħϯǽ̤صħƺˡ
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׹رҲǴƺֱ֮ǱɣֱۣһƬڣħʼױĻһԷϵһֱֻۡ

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ǱԵϳĿݶ֮ϵħʼ׳˲ٵİۣʵڶɹֻؽٵĲΣȴǶɹֻؽٵ۷ǿߣħʼ׻壬ˡ
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ЩתĿⶢֶ֮󣬷Żص˵Ǹֶһƿߣ


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Ŀɨֶ֮һζ΢΢ͷû뵽ʵܹħʼף˵㲢򵥡
УһĨ֮ɫЩħ߲Ľʵ̫࣬ȻҲǺħʼ׵ƾܹмôõʱ䣬ֶȴܹƾħʼ׹ƣ⼴Ҳ̲סЩ΢ȡ
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ħ֮еǼλǿļһͬ˼صƣӦöڽĻָ֮УҪ濹Ļħչ黹ǲ̫ҵģȻĻҲһֱǱš
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ӦħϴɣһѲļһħǿĴڣҵ֣ǲ֣ȻҲһﵱ걻СʦˣɻδָȻֵĻҲֻСʦòܶԸˣʱ򡭡
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һʱȻڶεشսҲٶȿ


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ͻϮ֮󣬺ڰ֮ǵķȻǱɭֶ࣬ȴף̶ֳַȵǿ߶û̫Чܹ鵽ףҪԼ
ͻϮ裬䱾Ҳ˶ˣ˵Ӧò׵жϾħȻؼ΢ûһЩյ£Ҳ׵Ĵж
ֶˣٶںڰ֮ͣһЩʱգ̴Ҳǽڰ֮ȶڣڰ֮ǳ׵׵رУҲκεķ֮Գ֡
ʱ򣬱ǿȽСѾͷضˡ

ڰ֮ǣһƬ㳡֮ϣһƬռ󷨻Ťţһɹɿ񱩵Ŀռɢ
ռŲǲãʱԶáһ۳ųεŲ󷨣̧ͷԵĺȹŮ
̴ԣҲ˵ͷ̳ϣʱ뿪ʱ䣬ڰ֮ƹܣǵд³֣ҸĴһϻ
ǡλ۳ԣʱӦ
̴ԸϣҲ΢㣬һǳڲԶƽ̨ϣǰϵСЦӿסֱֶۣЦֶ磬ǿԶˡ
ֶԣҲЦŵͷ񣺡߰ɡ
£һӣ˱ǳǿռŲ֮Уʱ·ڰ֮ǿ߹ع¡
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ˡ
貹â۾һУٶʱϵƾʧȥΨƬռ䣬һƬŤ֮״

ֶ˺ѿռڶʱ֮ЧʱȥʱȻҪԺȥҲܹƾµĿռӡ׵صִҲȥԽǧɽ
ֶŤռ߳ĿĴɨƬ̣ͻȻ˱ӹһĨĪ֮ɫǣ
Ҳֶһۣħķ򡣡
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ֶ¼ӡĵطҲ̲ס̾һ꣬ֵܱԪűƵǱ롣
ȻǱȥһħɡֶǵãħУһλΪ˵ǰһЩ飬ֻȴһλħѹ
ħֶУ޿ƥУ񣬻ֽܹĨɱΡ
̴ȻǶľûʲô飬¶΢΢ͷֶ״ҲٻһӣǻΪӹʡ
̶ӵʱ䣬ǧǿԽһ޴ĳУǳֶҰ֮УЩϤĳУҲЩ廳ֵܣԪչѪƴǽ֣ȴǲ̫á
ֶעħǣðκ󷽲ٶȶһ̣ǳħ֮⣬ǰĿռ΢΢һϵ֣Զűӡħħ󷨣ֶҪ룬ȴǱȵӡʱܹȥ£ȻѲҪȷһӣֻƬռǱ˺Ѷһֱ˽ȥ
ǽħʱ·ŲٵȴħðյǿߣµֶΣһĴ͡
ЩСֶȻδᣬħһɨʱ䲻ħŵħƣȥһƬɣǵһ޴Ĺ֣¶ŵľս
ֶ˲δֱͣħȥʵĽȻû˿谭ԣ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ǵִħƾ֮ǰļ䣬ֶ𽥵ͣӣĿ⿴Զһ޴ĳҽɽǻɽ֮ԼɼһʯӰ
ֶλƮֻǵӰӣ֮ϲųҽɽҲһɢ޷ĿֲֶԣȻ߱˿Ч
ǰ
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λǰѾѵоȣǵųӰ飬ҲڳȻֶλǰٵĺô
Щ⣬ȫΪѹħԼƳɻˣԴòҪħԶѹԣĳַԣǰ㳹ֶ΢΢ҡͷ뿪ʱʷˣ˵Ҫֻڵֶ˵δĽֻؾҲǴֻأǴﵽ˴ڵľ磬ѰֻؾǿߣҲȫĶ֡
λǰԼƳɻˣʢԷŻȥܹΪ䲹㹻Ӧٶѡ̴۾һӰ룬˵
ֶĸͬصͷǵӰ΢΢һЦǰ㽫ң㽫ⷬ黹㡣
һ䣬ʱԪϯԪ֮У֮ڣֶ΢䣬Ԫ֮бŨŨİâǰâ֮ڣž
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ȻԴԴϵضǵӰ֮ӿǵҽɽɽű
ڵȻǼ˵ŨҪڵﵽƽ⣬ֻؾǿ߰еѶȣֶȣԪ纣ټϾðʱȥֻǷ˸ɿƤƤ𽥵رɻһ˿ʼ͸
ڹעԪʱֶ΢Ǵ֮һЩֻ֮⣬Ҳ֮УӿţǻΪһöɫĵ裬ֱ˳ŷû֮С
˱ǴֻصĶǿߣֻؾһ֮ңͻʧܣֻܹܹ֮֮ٶȳֻؾ
ǰɫûʱǽѾȥ壬ͻȻڴʱ͵زһ£ǲϵϣź֣Ƕ۾Ҳǻ
ãȻۣȻ󣬱Ǽǰһ΢Цӡ


һǧʮ ѷ
˻˫ۣǰ꣬ϡһЩϤζüͷȴʼն޷õԼǳ׵ȻԼƳɻܹõĴȥȻȣչ黹Щġ
㡭ãȻص
ǰֶ֮ǰйһ֮Եֶ΢΢һЦһգһ춦¯ǳУȻǵķ춦Ҳǰֶɹѹأȹ
ǡ춦
Ƿ춦ãȻʱһЩæӹĿֶƬ̺Ǽʲô𾪵ĵ㡭ǵǸСһ
˲û̫ʱЩģʶУǵƺںܶǰֶȻ󻹽춦
ֻȴδ뵽ٶȴǺڰ֮߳ʱǸ꣬ȴӵ˼˿µʵ
ܹظоֶ֮ϴѹȣѹȸУڵ֮΢Щٻ
ֶͷǰңҪ㣬ֻȻδһ룬ӦûǾ߱˽㻽ѵ
Ȼӵؿǰֻ꣬ΪѱŽڲֶԭֻǰһ֮٣ϵ֮µһ˿Եȴõӵ˴Ļر
Сѡллˡ
˳̾һֶһֶջصĺôȣȻǲֵһᡣ
ǰҪ֮ٶƽ⣬ֻܹصĻ˵ñֻܹ˵״̬ٶӵֶ˰֣
Ҫ״̬ǰף״̬ӵֻصĸӦ̾һ
ǿɲһǰӦڡֶһЦ
ҲһӦǲϵϱһĨɫ֣ɫŨΪϲ֮ɫ⡭ֻ֮⣿
һǰôУЩֻ֮ձǰˡֶЦ
˼ݺᣬԭΪһ״̬֮жɹϵ񲻽ѣڣٶӵֻ֮⣬ƾЩֻ֮⣬Ҳӵٶȳֻؾʸ
ֶżޱȵķˣҲ΢΢һЦȻߵոĻԵֵһᣬΪѹħԸƳɻ˵ĴȴǼΪľ壬ܹһѣҲǼΪĻϲ
Сѣ£ûԺκβǲĵطϷǣ˼ضֶһ񣬵ȴæ
ǰ̫ˡֶЦҡҡͷ˵ɫͻȻһΪоҽɽͻȻϸ΢Ĳɽ֮Ũħɢ
ˣǱѹħҲˡ˼״ȴһڴ˴ѹħѹħȻҲ֮˹
䣡
¼䣬ҽײħŨһ̣ħ˳ҽɽʴϣ̶ʮϢʱ䣬ҽɽǱħΪҽ
ҽɽʧһɼ˾˵ħʱħ֮УһħӰǵƣ꣬ȻҪǿ
⡭
ҽ˸ǹħǿᣬɫȴ͵һ䣬ȻʧôܣħȻˣ
ֶԣҲӹһĨ֮ɫȻܹоħʵͻͽȻǴﵽħĲΣһﵹȻܹڱӡЩʱУɴ㹻ħĲΣһɹˡ
ˣֶСѣǿߣħǳɹֻؾǿߣҲȫѹסˡ˼æ
Ϲ벻ɣδѹ»ΪҽǾѰҵͻƣڣǽභħ죬ǵħӰ̤գŷˣɭϣɭ֮ɫ
һҧƴħȴǱֶǲЦħȴЦҡҡͷħҶ֣һոͻƵħȻҲǰ񣬵ЩЦ
ЦȻֹħЩĶֶһЦС˵ЩʲôܹԶ֮ĴһڴУϰĴڡ
ֶЦЦȴǲ磬ֻ˫֮Уű֮⻺ӿ
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ħҲΪһ͵̧ͷȻɵһĻһŨŨĲӿͷ
СӲԡ
ħҲɵӣ̣ҲǵΣĿ˸͵ر˶ȥ
ԭ׼սķ˼̶ֻˣһ˵ֶȴǵһЦһգֻħܿռ͵Ťĵ޴ĺڶгΣУޱȵ˺䣬ʱħ÷תħ
䣡
ϣһǻΪһǧӴצĺХ£ֱħȻĿУǷĺڶ֮С
أ
һգϱ񱩶ۻ֮ħϿյħǱ˲١
ҽ֮дȻ˱Ŀɿڴؼһոշɽޱȵħڴʱһ־˵ٶڶȥת˲䣬ǳ׵׵ʧ֮䡣
⡭
֮ɫЩħ˲ٵĽȻǿһħͬΪֻؾ۷ǿߣҲԳ׵ؽɱΨʩչֶνӡ£ֶȴھͶ䣬һħɸɾĨɱίʵֲ̫һЩ
ֶƣϵɢȥδ˿ĲʵѰħȫĶ֣οһﲻֻǿѣ͸ǰ񣬵ȷǲ֪ôдġ
ֶСѵֶΣϷ𺳣ǰʧ̬ˡ˻ػعĿֱֱֶ̾
ףǸҪݵ꣬񾿾ǿ˺ֲֿĳ̶ȡ
ֶЦЦĿɢȥħ·Ĵأüͷ̲ס壬ճԣӡ֮УǼһＴ㲻ԽԽҲڷӡнΪһ֣
Ҫ֪֮䣬ӵżӴģҪ룬ϼѡ
ֶü˼Ƭ̣ȴûʲô·ֻҡҡͷһðɡ
ǰħǴȥģֶĿ⿴ˣ
СͣȻһﱻСѲұ԰ɡ룬ЦԶ֮ˣһ˲ʶҲû֮ء
Ҫҵļ壬Ȼǰ޴ȥȤĻǿҼ֮䳤ϡֶһЦãʵǿᣬּܹҵĻҲܹһ¼ˡ
˱޴ȥԴ˵ûʲô飬Цŵͷ
ֶ״ҲͲڴ˴ͣһӣǶħ֮ȥҪӳħʱȴ̲סٶȻͷһƬأ֪ΪΣļһ˿Ĳ֮УָֻоһţҲӹһĨɻ˸䣬ʧȥ


һǧʮ 
ħ֮⣬ֶֶǧ֮أҲ̲סЩ
Ǳֱȸɡ˷˵£ֶȻҲĺãЦ
Ļ̴˵û˿飬񱴳ҧź촽ֶҡҡͷ
ҾȻؾ̫幬ˣǹǱڴ˴ֱɡ
㲻ȥˣΪʲôֶҲЩ㵵ؿ
峺ֶͣϣһЦҪȥң֪ʲô𣿡
ֶȻǽشĻϱŵζ
ԸȥĻҼ˶ܻӭֶ룬
ȽԼŪ׺˵仰ɣȻĻܹоһ㲻ƽ΢΢һЦ
ֶɫɵ΢΢ЩãȻ˵˼ĸֶ߰ҪشҲҪֶĸԸûа˿׸
ֶɫһ̾ɴµĺ촽һĨԿɬЦݣԥתƮȻȥ
ϰ̫ϸӦҲûıҪ̫幬ؽУΪ뿪̫ãԱȻعֻˣǱڴ˷ֱɡ
ֶתٻӰͷȴ̲סеܣ͵һҧһѽǽץס
ȥ򣬻̫ϸӦңˣ˵ֶĹΡֶüôȥȻԽͻؾ̫幬Ȼҿɲߡ
ֶץס⻰ɵðգôôԵ
ǼΪӣ¼ֶüͷӣҧҧȴ޷ѿ
һԵ̴ֹСʱ
߰ɡ
ֶҲԷԣֱŴķȥ£ֶȴǯ˿ֻܷҧǰǵӰˡûɽ

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ǣķȻǶǿʢ̫࣬ҲͬССĵͼΪּҵĴڣĵͼĪ˵ĳЩɣҶ˿Ĳ
Եɣ֮ϣ˽֪
ڶƫһƬΪԺ䣬Ϊ֮ǲԶĵ۶ʹɫ
ƬԺ䣬ڡ
ԺΧһЩߴԼɼһЩʯӰЩǻɾеǿߣ˵Сǻ򣬵ȴһǧɾ壬ӵȻҲ˶֮ġ
ڵڴλߣХΪһε峤ҲһЩֶ磬һЩΪĨ֮ˣǴĳͷХֶΣȴûһ˸ҳԣЩϵڳϣΨΨŵŵΪǺĵλôġ
Х࣬Ҳȡ˲Сãٲֽ֮ҲӵΪ£ڴ֮еȻš
۶֮ߣͻȻⱩӶ˸ӽ۶ȻֱȥЩػеĻɾǿҲܿϵľɢȥȡ֮ģһֿȵ֮⣬Ӹæϥ¡
ڣڶӵܽǼ㶯һжȻſϲӿǺףܹõЩʵ˱̬ǿ㾴ηˣУһλĴ
峤ˣϲɧ̼䣬б
ڵɧеХҲæһЩϳǳʱ֮ǰԺУâ˸Ӱ˳

վХһ۱Ǽֶϱžϲ֮ɫֳһԵХҲЦ
ֶЦЦ࿪ӣȻǶںŮ¶˳
㡭̴Хһ㶣۾ʱ

̴ԭЩСڼϹˮʱۿҲһ˹ȥ
ؽţǰŮϤգ겻Сû˵ɬֻۣⷴ۲ѣ۱ֶⴳҪŨҡ
СѾͷô궼ûѶﰡ۵رס̴Ȼ̲סЩŭŮϺݺݵһơ
̴һСߺֱȥģĻаֺڰ֮ȫһҳ߱ץСŮģ
ߣ֪ˣХ
ҿˡ̴סХ֣Цص
ХһҪ䣬̴Ц绨Сȴһ仰˵СѾͷЩҲ֪˶ٵĿ࣬붼ۡ
˾ͺãԺٸҲкҳߣ㣡ХߵҲǻɿֲڵĴĦ̴СԴ̾ͺãͺð
Բ֪ˡХظ̴ۿһ죬Щ̫̫ͬ࣬˶Хִ⵽İ֮飬ҲǶҪ
ֶЩĸĸҲ΢΢һЦӣһܹԲˡ
̴۾ͻȻվֶȻ㶣ʱĺߣǽɴժ£¶ǾգȻˣȻǽ˳һĨϲ֮ɫֳæХ䡣
һѣХҲǻعЦ񣬸ɿһ˻ؼңҲһ𣿡
ֶԣǲѾ˵
һԵҲΪǰ΢ķ죬ֶֻѵݷùХ˶ѣΧô۰Ͱͽˡ
񣬼λ΢ӯӯһ
ǰգ䣬ⷬȻģȴǾһԵֶ΢΢ʧ
ΧԺǽϣ֪ʱӵܣһЩ϶ȥĿǾ޵ͤͤľɫŮӣˮһƬţһƬȻ
ۣƯӽ㰡
ֶʲôϵ
ⲻǷϻֶ綼ˣ˵ʲôϵ
ֶ
ȻЩ۵ĻȻ洫εȸ֪ȻǾϱһĨ̸ֳҧ޺޵عһԳηЦֶ
Ǻǣԭﰡ
ЦĿȴǲϵںɨɨȥеϲɫ⣬ȴôնղסⷬĿ£еɬҲŨֻӲͷƤӭĿ⡣
ȻǶΪϲ֪嵭ϲֱעӵĳϣæ̴ݣȻԺΧǱʵĺõֶգĿһɨԺǽ϶ʱӰǱ˻ȥʱԺΧһƬİ


һǧʮ 
ΪȳþõδȥӴԺУȫйڴ˵֮ӵĽȻǽֻ͵ǵȾʱֶеޣοЩδӵܼһ
ɧֶҲǱΣʱû佻ƺΪϲ̴˽ݣöδжȻĵüΪĿġ
ֶ̣Ҳֻô˲ͷХ˵һỰ󣬺ͻȻЦļָǰ档
ֶתĿȥֻӰ첽ǰһˣһλŮӣ俴ȥֶԴһϤĸо
棬ӣȻ겻ֶһ۽˳ƽľڴʱ
ˣȻϼֺ꣬ɽԼֳǹǶֶѪԵ֮ף򣬸һͬ˵СʱЩĦȴҲͷܰ
ֶ
Ůֶ뿪ʱ꣬ڵľϲǾϲУһϾҲЩͷû棬ֶɲǵǸֵ꣬ڵĪ˵壬ⶫ򣬿¶Ѱܹõӡ
е֮꣬۷ǿߡ
ϼ㣬þò
ֶϼȴ͵ЦݸֳͬǿϼеľЦֱۣϼһ£ǽֺصرһ£̫˶ӵѪԵϵֱϵ֮飬൱Ŀء
ϼ˼ֶٶ϶ϲɫӿ־Ǳƣϼֶߴߴ˵ͣûеǸͷ׺ģ
ֺ꣬ɽֵҲǳֶٺֱЦСʱûֶ鷳Ҳֶг˲ٵĿڵλߣʱֻҪ˵һµֶŵ£õЩӵܶͶݵĿ⡣
ֳǹǸԲģһСϲ̴̴ʱֶĹϵΪĲ
ֶ˵ЦţϤӣϡܹ귢еһĻĻֶ־ɱľ̲סӿϵ֮ܰС
ǷУ˵ʲô΢΢̧ͷ˳Ŵȥüֶӣʱӣ·ǻظһЩۣۣͻȻһʱ
æعǷЦĿ⣬նʱӹһĨ糺죬æˡ
Цŵͷ񰡣ûô۸ɣԺ۸㣬ңȥʰ
Σֻ֪нֶ޵ð

ֶҲǽܸХöԷݣʱмӣȳǿ߾ڶҲԳΪһ֮ǳΪĿ䳤ϣʵĴҡ
ΪֶĹϵ˶ХҲǸĿһ̸Ǿ壬ؼʶ֮ˣָܹһЩСһҲͦʺ
ֶĵÿģҲЦ˿ӴУ;仹ܹһЩӵܣڼֶ󣬽ȣһ㣬ЩҲ޷⡣
ֶҲΪǵĿЩЦȻת˷ѰһЩľС
ʯּ䣬ϸĹͶϣĸоǷһĨЦ⡣
ڼҵĸоð
ֶһïʢȻ֦бɢ˫Ŀ΢м䣬𽥵˯ȥ
һ˯һ⾰Ϧбʱ𽥵˫ĿǺɫ˫Уƽҹգ˳
蹬ں纣ľ·ȻʵһЩ
ֶһ£ߣĿȴͻȻԼĸоһЩĴֲһ˿ԶϤ֮С
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ֶҲ΢΢һ̾룬Ȼ߽֮СϪԣһٻӰ
ǵٻӰȹ񾲣в濴ȥҲΪϣֶܹһЩϤĸо
ֿɶ׳ʶΪĵֶŻȥǹĹȻǵȻ֮¡
ʱֿɶ֮Уۻľǰ̶ȣԼʦĲΣֻҪٽһܹɷʦС˵ľ硣
ֿɶֶǷ˾û뵽ʱ䲻ҲСгɾ͡
ֶһĻһЦ΢һɾȻɢȻֿɶľ
ֿɶͻȻ⵽Ҳ͵һХͼţǹصľȴɢһůĲ
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ҧ촽ǵԶȥѵӰ΢΢ػ㱣ǰһĻĻ𽥵ӿһЦֻЦУһЩ΢ɬ֮⡣

ֶصЪϢԺʱüӷ˳״æЦӭȥ
ǶϢˣ
΢ЦŵͷԼѾһͷֶο֮ɫԻǵãǺܶǰΪܹХӮһҩ޵ģȻʱţ꣬ȴǳΪ嶼Ϊ֮ԺĴڡ
ͦõģҲϲֱֶۣЦ
ֶԲɵεһЦ
λΪʲôѻҲֶǸŮͬϲҿóҲϲġ
ֶЦҲͷ֮УӦŸ飬ΪģҲܹܵκŮ֮߰ˣһΪ̫幬һǱֻתŮӣ˵һ󸣷֣ȴһմǣȴ治֪Ǹǳ
ǹˣһֶ׹һЦ鶯ֻء
ֶ΢εصͱȡЦˡ
飬ֻԼѾͷҶϲ΢Цǻе˼õֶЦһҪѶȻе㲻С
ֶͻȻ̾һ̴
̴ôˣֶ΢
Ͷ˶ҲԸпյҡҡͷһֶ䣬ûصûʲôȻȥϢˣҲЪϢ
˵꣬뿪ͬʱ̲סҡҡͷ̫ɫҲͷ۰̴СѾͷ


һǧʮ ӥ
Ϊƽֶ˴ʱ䲻̣඼洳ѵһ˶žۣȻҲҪЩʱˡ
Ȼؾƿƽ֮£ȴ޾ӿǱǧصħ𽥵˭Ҳҿ϶ǽʲôأֶȴܹоһЩʱǱ֮ǰԤװɡ
Ĳ£ֶദ
õֵֶǣȻҲǲδҪлؾ̫幬£ֶϲ֮ÿ죬˵Ҳȥ˵磬ϲǾǰɡ
㰲Ĺʱ䣬еֶͻȻХȥ
Ҫȥ˴ĿȥͥԺУֶХҪ󣬵΢΢һЩɻص
ĴĿһˡХ
һֶҲ㶣Ŀ뿪׳֮ĵһ֮أΪĻңƼȻﻹŴıǸеԶɣֶ񣬴˷ǰĿٽǴıһмǴ￪ʼ˵ǳǹɵһ顣
˲ٱλػ֮߰
Ĵʵ˵ǿЩĴ壬ĻûȥХͷ
һ壬һǴĿӥڣһδΧ߾ӥڰæ
ӥڣֶЩ죬ʲôʱð
ӥڵǰֻǴĿһݣ֮ǰӥ֮ͻȻȵ𣬶̶һʱһͳ˴ĿҾ֪ǵ䵽ΧĲʵΪˡХ
ӥ֮ݣ
Ϥֶ۾գգŨŨľ㵸ֳأû뵽ǸҪæӻССݣҲӵ㾪˵ĳɾ͡
ôͻȻôǿֶʵǼǵӥ֮ڴĿ൱СôӵһͳĿʵ
˵ǻ˴ıڵɴУӥܲڴıΧŻסХЦЦӥڵӦǸѩŮӰɡ
ѩ
ֶ΢΢㱣ԺңԶļӿǵƻ谵ķУƯŮʳȹѩ׵屩¶ǰǸǿŮΪܹõݻñӻԸί
û뵽ǸŮȴǳΪһͳĿӥã˸е
Ȼ뿪Ŀ֮ǷһЩ顣
ҹȥӥйأֶʵ
š
Хͷüı£Ӧ֪һЩ˵˲С⣬ӥû취Ԯ㿴ʱĻȥһ˰ɡ
ıˣ
ֶüͷҲһ壬ԥصͷıеԶ˵Ŷ飬Ǵ񣬵ôָҲ֪ɹ˶ѹأѣȻǱȫ
ȥذɡ
ХͷֶٲǵǸҪܽŵ꣬ԺߵʵĪ˵·ؼ䣬ܹ˶ࡣ
ֶЦЦҲû˷ֻǵǰ˵ֶٶȶԣȴֻǰʱĹ⾰ǽǴĿĵΧ֮С
ֶգͷ·ĵ廳֮ɫ׳߳Խ󷽲ŵִĿҲĥʼĵط
һ·򣬱ǾֱŴĿشȥŽӽƬشҲܹЩȵؼٳжһ޴ӭƮֽϣһֻĲӥӥĿ⣬η
ȻӦñǡӥڡģֻû뵽ӥڶԴĿƿ֮ǿҪ˵ӥڲĿĿߣҵʧȥЧ
ֶת䣬ӹǧ΢̧ͷֻǰһ޴ĳдڹϵƽԭ֮ϣǳϿգܹӰӹǵȷ֮˿ڵ۶
ֶĿԶֻǳĵλãһ޴ޱȵʯشţϤʯҲӹһĨ֮⡣
ָ
ֶһЦѧΪǿɱﵣ֪ɹ˶ٵѣѧǴӴı
ֶλΪһӹʣǳǾ޴ʯ֮ǰֶʯе廳Ũ
ʯƺǳΪӥڵʥѰ˸׼ΧҲżɭϵķЩʼδֶĿֶȻ͵ػعǼľ֮쳹Ӱ˷ӿȻֶΧˮйͨ
ֶڴı֮ǰʱеһ¥ϣһŶƳȹŮӸӵ൱գֻü䣬һЩΪӸλϣʱֳֻ񾲾ԶƺЩ
ȡ
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ǰǰģΰĳУ̾һѩǺ̶ͣʱ䣬ȴССһݣΪĿס
ֻǳǰ֮ˡŮ΢΢ҡͷ
Щ۵ؿЦѾͷҲСˣʲôʱԼ£ῡܶİĽĪûһܿ۵ģ
λŮӣǵӥ֮ݵĽѩˣ丸ףס
ѩһһЦֲżġ
żҿɣ׿Цһ
ѩǶ΢΢һ̧ͷ΢Ц˵ʲôأ
㻹Ϊ֪һҹȥֶʲô𣿡̾
ѩһĨ糺˲ӿŽףһʱ侹ʧ㡭ô֪ģ
⺱Ľ̬ЦǰЩʱ£ӦҲ˵˰ɣֶ˵۶ڵɲǵǸҪǴɭֵˡ
ѩҧ촽Цһɾͣһ㶼⣬͸ǰӥڵңأҼűˡ
ɵѾͷױⷬŪôֻҡͷ
أ
̸䣬ͻȻϿżٵľ֮쳹ɫʱһ䣬ƷٵĴǱأڴı֮ǰ
ǽѩԣһնʱһıڵķͬʱ֮쳹ȫǣӥڵУ󷨣
ڳλãԼ涼Ǳ˺һĿ⣬Ŵı֮ǰǵӰһͬʱֽļ
ȻְΧʯǰӰȴ˿˫ָ󣬾Źϵʯ
ݡ

ԶһƷѸٴһٻӰǳĿ֮УžĹ
ѩӣǶĿǿʯ֮ǰǵӰü΢壬֪ǺˣΪδӥڽأ
ǵӰ΢΢һȻתĿ⿴ѩһĨ͵Цݸֳ
ѩþò
ѩڴʱ𽥵ؽӲϡϤӣȻΧЩӥڵĵӱǾ㵵ؼȻڴʱ


һǧʮ 
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󣬵ɱһЩӥڵ͵һ¶ضǰ֣꣬ڴ֪
ǰ֮ˣǴ˵˶ǿĳɵֶ
ֶŽѩ飬ЦŵͷĿҲЩأǺܶʱѩֻһһҪӥ֮ݵļǿŮӣȻ겻û뵽ȴǳΪӥڵⶫֻһܹӵС
ѩ𽥵ػعؿһֶӣӥڴɢƣֶԣû뵽ܹٿ㡣
ֶеĸЩĪЦŵҲû뵽ʱ䲻ӥ֮ȴǱԺմӥˣ
ɾͣ¶۰ɣѩĵصӥ˵չҪЩɱɲ˲٣ǿĳɶǱֶʵһССӥڣȡ
ֶѩЩԹŪøЦȴνӻ
ֶ㰡󷽣ͻȻŴЦһͷ׵ֶǴϲ֮ɫ
Ǻǣ״塣ֶϡЩϤӣҲЦݸֳЦ
ϲɫĶֶе㼤֮ɫⶫǴҪһЩ֮ͬ꣬Ȼ˭뵽㴫Ƕ֮ǰȴӥ֮ݳս
ݣЩ˰ɣѩֶ뽪̸磬û࿴Լۣҧҧ촽ЩԹص
һԵĽ׵εؿ˽ѩһۣѾͷЩӥڴ£ǵˮ©ôⷬȴ֮ǰһ޶˰
ѩĪҪȡЦˣǽҴɭ֣˵ιǡֶЦҲ֪ѩԹӺζĪΪһҹ
뵽˴ĿͻȻɨɨѩµĽвɵøһĨ֮ɫκһλŮȴܾжЩԹ߰ɡ
ĿȻֻһɨĽѩϾǵǸҪŮĿϷһĨϼЩյضֶһۡ
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ЦŵͷѩҲıһıϿɣҲԶɵĴУǷŴӥڣػŴı
ֶɲؿ˽ѩһۣǴııҲǽӴֻǻ˴ָɴУ޴˵û뵽ѩȻҲô
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ıеħЩУ֪ΪԽԽŨǰЩʱ򣬾Ҫıѩ
ֶ΢õЩħıĿ龡ˡ
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ֶ΢˫ۣǰľǳ˱ãƬĿռ䣬ţʾķ
ֶĿһɨȻǼЩϴӴ͸˿˿˫ͫ΢΢һС

ֶƬʱңԶͻȻĺǺУʹŭ
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СŮϲ̧ͷǴ۾ǼĽѩССԾ𣬾ֱĶŽѩ˹æţ΢΢һЦϸָָź󷽵ǵӰ˭
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𣬾ȻҲֻߣ


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ֶҡҡͷ͵ÿֻ֮ǰʲôͷˡ
ճԣֶֻɹһֻؽʧܣֻתֻǿߣǻڵļռƱǵȿµĴڣǾպȨ˭е㲻̫˵
ֻ֪֮ǰʲôôѩʵ
ֶٶҡͷһ˵ֻҪɹһֻؽ٣ҲԪǱ׵Ĩôתֻֻ֮صȻǽֻأɻűԵķգ򲻵ѣ۷ǿߣѡһ·ӡ
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ЩƮƬռЩȱ־ڣڵЩأҲ˵ʲôѩ
ֶ΢΢ͷڵۼ˵ǿЩӣȥǧأǹִҪػǵɡ
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׹۳һ׵ֱǳػߵ֮Уţž׻Ǵ֮ħڴʱȥ
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ӲҲԨ֮״һ֮ħӿӳԨħУ·һӰ߳
ֶĿħƴǵӰԽԽ߳߳ʱŲ԰׶ݵϣȴһĨ֮ɫֳͬʱЦ
һƿڱУû뵽һԼƿߣҲڱ֣֮һĿء


һǧʮһ 
ֶɫƽħ֮л߳ħӰź֮ӿľħ˫Ŀ΢΢һ
֪ħ֮еһֶصħ֮УʸΪģҲʮˣֻǲ֪ǰһǵڼ
û뵽ħЩ˽⣬ЩҲһЩǺǣʱ䣬ʵҲˡֶԣħӰҲ΢죬ħ֮Уеھš
ô
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⻰һ䣬ֻɽػ͵طϯҪǾȥУ̺Ʈǧµĳޡ
ѩ״æתԪѹڵʵôܻǾĶ֡
û뵽е©ġ˶硣ĮȻؿػһۣҲ֮ɫӿڵȷеͣȻձ𣬵ȴ¾նɱϹƴһӡ֮ס
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ģȻشδ⵹һͦĻᡣ
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ҪɱСûʸ񣡡
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׹֮У޾аȳ֮ħֻؾǿ߱մȾˣҲȻܵȾش

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ޱȵ֮Ű˿аħף׹ħյĲѩرڶȥ
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ϣӰХÿһεĶὫǿռŤħԪǵƣ֮
ѩҲصϵս֣Щңֶʱظ˹ȻĻ˭ܹ
Сӣ͵ȷչ˲ңȥҺΣ㻹ñȥҲûﰲǵĶԹΣٶֶƴһǣδȡϷ磬ĿһתЦ
ŻɽĴ£ΪһֶЦ˳ȥԺسɴ󻼡
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ػʱͻȻ⻪ڱȻЩ⻪ʣֶĿһɨͫױ΢΢һ
ֻǰǵ⻪УһӰһۣǶͫīȻǵ꽫ֶĺͫˣ


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ֶЩǹ⻪֮еĺͫˣȻǽ˳ǴӺߵУ
Ҳһεƿߡ
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δ䣬·ƬضЩܲסǵȿֲѹ
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ޱȵڴʱ쳹أǵڼڴʱ˺˿ռ䣬˲ϢУǾǰ

ҲǱͺ֮ħӿǰĻΪһħŻ
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Ȼǵǿķȴƺڹ֮±ݿشݻٶȥ̶Ϣ֮䣬ħǾķӦǺڼͫУݺݵ塣

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أ˺ɫѪصͷħʼףϻԲд޷֮ɫ
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׹Ǻڹ֮϶ʱĲҽ֮
׹⻺ֻأֻǰ׹֮ڣһƴСħӰǰ־ݣȻǾֻʱĺߣȫȻûǰ
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һĻɫǾĴǶħżǿĿԣ˵ǿʱ򣬻ǸоŨŨĲ
ֶȴ˿ٶһգʯҲǸֳӽǰ׹֮С
󳬼ɢŵĹâȻ𽥵һ𣬶ǰ׹⿪ʼС
Ҫ
׹ԽԽСеǾҲСĲҽ󳬼ľʵ죬ҲǱɣ
ȻŪĲҽȴҲ˫Ŀ΢΢ϣǰ׹⣬ҲСһǱѿ
һ޷ݵĲɢ·ĴأǱˣһƬǽ塣
ֶ˫Ŀɢİ׹⣬԰׵ҲһĨظЦݸֳħǳ׵׵رĨɱˡ
ǲװ
ֶһӣڣЩħ߲ȷֲ״̬ҪĨҲǷ˴
ǰħǵԸҲȥˡֶ̧ͷЩӰٿǺͫˣ˵
ϣеӰڴʱֶϹǺͫ˵ϣ·Ҳο֮ɫɢ
лСѣΪΨı⡣
ϣͫǵ忪ʼ𽥵ɢȥɢȥͻȻһصĹΣЩ㣬ֶƮӶ
ֶƣᴥǹ㣬΢΢һȴžϲ֮ɫӿǡֻظ


һǧʮ ֮˿
ѤĹ㻺ƮҡƬط·ڴʱλһЩصֻزţ˵΢ЩԻá
ֶǾϣĹ㣬ȴһЩ˸ǴֻأͻƵֻؾɻŲСĲܹ࣬ⷬǲֲһ
ЩֻظǴȱǿǼػɣǻɵֱնɱҲǳ׵طеִЩʼɢЩֻظǱ
ѩҲһĪҪˡֶɽĽѩ΢Ц
ѩԣҲͷСԴȻϥȻҲǺЩֻظŶôҪ
һԵʯͷϣСС˦ѩ׵СȣԵģЩֻزǰƮȴδõ˿ĶֻǴ۾·֮ڻӿš
ֶȴڴʱγһڶ֮ЩѤԴԴϵӿûֶ֮С
ֻ֮ӿֶڣһֵ֮УҲȻֶеԭǣҲֻ֮Ľ£𽥵ģԼ֮䣬·Ҫ׹ĳ޷֮أȴʼ޷׵ؽ롣
ǣΨгָо֮У𽥵

һƬڰ֮أûκεĹڰ֮У޾а񻺻а񣬲硣
Ǻڰ룬֪Ѫɫĵյǵ˿ǣȼռ䣬͸޾ħ
ͻȻ䣬һյѪƲһ£ԭаĻ棬ڴʱ𽥵΢󳹳׵׵ɢȥ
ˡ
յѪƵϨڰͻȻһЩԼ䣬ƺܹһЩӰǺڰ֮ģĳ֡
ϾšĨɱˡ
ڰУɳƵش
ˣǣ⵹ùļһ˵ȥԸһƿߣʧȥѶѪڣӦֻǱӡ˰ɣôͻȻĨɱˣ
ӦĶˣϾͬħʼףѰ˿ɼѽĨɱ
Щ굹һֱ̽ķλȴûʲôӦƿߣҲЩ͡
˵ЩԶ֣֮Ӧ˿ռ֮ĴڣֻǶݵĽ֣ǸˣҿһʵҲǾָˡ
ԼСһЩǰЩʱǱǲ㱻
ʲôĻȽ
ѵĻЩԶ֮ҲᱻƵǰ׼δȫǵǰ
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ʱҲˣҲǸÿƻˡ
ٺ٣ôҪôǧأЩȲ˰
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ڰеа֮𽥵صȥЩģӰҲȻɢȥǵȼž֮£·һصķ籩ӿ

ֶ״̬˳ʱʮʱȥЩʵ˫ۣǰϤء

ĬƬ̣һпʼָ޳ƣԪۼ䣬ܹӦӿŨֻز
㲨ǿ̶ֳ࣬ȣδܳ׵شﵽֻؾ
һ㰡
ֶܹоʱת־۷壬ֻؾа벽֮ңֻҪ벽ܹȥֻǿߣ
ֻһҪȥɲס
ֶһЦҲδеʧȻԵ񣬵ֻؾýĻҲõž֮ˣһӶ޷ˡ
һָоһ֮󣬱ܹ̤
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ԶҲֶ̧ͷȻǼѩЦؽţʱߵҲ˲٣Ȼͬǻ˲Сĺô
ֶ΢΢˵ͷĿ⿴һɽϣػţвãȻ֮ɫ֣һִñĽѡ
ԺӦָܹһЩ˵ллΪģҼ̳˴ڵĴУΪлһѩ
ֶҡҡͷҲŶ飬ЩӦõģǾˣպҲҵĴ鷳Ըлǲˡ
ѩ΢΢һЦֻһƬڹ⣬ڹ֮УƺһļУģа֮ɢ
ֶ״ȴһⶫȻħʼס
ɱҲӦսƷӦҲ޸ܡѩħʼ֮ϵħ̫أЩħǶԣȴá
٣ǺöȻħأͶǹӦܹô߱׻ָϲڴʱ
ֶüͷһô߱׻ָǺڰʥȫָ󣬱ɹһֻؽٵ۷ǿĴ߱ǳ׻ָǸжǿӦܿһֶɹֻؽٵ۷ǿ߰ɣ
ֶ뵽ˣҲȻҲֽħʼ׽ӹڣ𽥵
ҲȳȥɡıеⱻֶĴһɨ
ѩҲǵͷٹ𣬺Ҳϲ̵ܹΪǰҪѹħԽѩҲֻһܹȥСѾͷȻ˷֮
ֶ״ҲһЦۻӶռŤ䣬ٶȻʱǴı֮⡣
ڴı⣬׵һֱصȴţǼֶ˳ٿŽѩЦݵգʱҲǴһȻǵ⣬Ѿˡ
״壬ȻⱻҲȻص۶ˣǻʲôҪæĵطֻұǡ
ֶŽһЦԭΪܹܿ⣬û뵽ǵʮչ⾰ǲͣˡ
Ҫ뿪Ҳһ˽ѩһۡ
˷鷳ˡѩ΢΢һЦֻؿֶһۡ
ֶЦЦȻСԴպʲô仯ĻǱңһᾡ
硣Щץס䡣
ֶº͵һЦٶһᣬӳΣܿıʧ֮ߡ
ѩפԶʧӰϵЦݷŻһ̾Щɬ
ϲĻôҲεصѾͷҲǹִͷβһԼ⡣
ϲָоһ˳ܱˣңԺֲûġѩ΢΢һЦӣתȥǰģΪѡ
׼״ҲΨпЦһ


һǧʮ 
𣿡ڵĿУХŹֶЦЦʵ
ֶ˵ͷǴıԵ˵һ顣
ХǴıоȻǿħɫҲǱ˱䣬̾ŵ˵ͷ˷ֶĻֽһѱɡ
ҳҲЩʱˣջ͵ȻصڡֶһöƵݸХٳʲôĻƣһ
ôãҲǵûصһˣܹоʯ֮ͨԪʼָѹʱǺ뿴ڰɡ
Хӹƣ˵ͷЦˣҲȥɣ㽫˴ǼңȻʧʮʱ䣬̫òˡ
ֶХֻЦҲεҡҡͷԭΪܿܽģû뵽Ȼôá
˿ֱֶԺͥԺм̸񣬺߼ֻ֣ǵƳһ۱ջĿ⡣
Ǻǣ˰ǳֶһЦȻǰֶļ򣬶Ǳʹ˸ɫЦԶȥ
ֶЦһȥ
ӣĿ΢ձؾ̫幬
Ȼǰ嵭ֶȴܹһ˿⣬ּңбеȻʱֶȴֱʧȥЩգӵǼãÿԼֶദЦԣˮ©лֲֶкʧٶ⡣
ּңȴʧǸʲô
ֶæס䣬ЦεȷҵĲԣԭΪܿܽģû뵽ôá
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ⷬƶòû̫ãžһֱ嵭ˮֶ˵컨׹ûаĶ
ֶЧҲֻεס죬Ů˹ȻѶԸ
Խ˵ԽСſһۣڼ㬵ʱ촽΢΢һ£ҲһЩȻֶ˵Щ󣬵ǾһսȻٲ˵ġ
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ȴһǴ򷢹ȥˡ
ձҪȥˣֶһתʵ
š㣬ϾôˣΪȻ೤ά֣Ҳһֱ
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ֶ̫ϸӦҪӸǰӦϾֻǴżҪﵽЩԶ֮ĳ̶ȣԶԶ
ֶӵؿȻ֪Լѧ̫ϸӦĿİ
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תʱһֻȴͻȻס󣬴ϴ¶õһҪѣϵĴȴõѲãľϣڴʱһĨϸ΢Ļɫ㡭Ҫʲô
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ֶҲûнһʲôֻǽе˶סҪԴһЩеǸ⡣
ͥԺľúԺŴһٻӰֳһ۱ǼӵһӰʱС΢߳
Ȼ΢ǽͥԺմƣ͵ػعյضֶһۣǷúͷ̲סز˲
˵ĶӣǷģĻƽյ䵭Ȼ
ֶɿһſǾС̴ҲεЦЦ
̴ߵֶԣĿҲǿ˿ȥķ򣬵ֶ磬ҼǵûһڵӦŰɣ
ֶ⻰ʱԴһȦѾͷĺĺֺݺݵ̴СԴ˵£СӱϹܡ
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ֶͷӵģӦǴХİɡ
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գֶЦԼ̴ֻûҡҡͷǼʶһѾͷĲ˴󷨡
ԣŶʱǰе΢ЦŽ̸
Ǳˡֶʱ࣬ҲͶХһЦ˵
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ХҲǵͷֶϾǵ֪꣬ԼĳɾͣõԺ
ֶҲЦӦţȻҲͲӣһӣǻΪԶԶȥգۼʧ֮ߡ
뿪ֶǽ͵̫幬ʱ̫幬ٶƣֶڴ˴ͣҲǸǶȥֱڡ
̶̰չ⾰ɽǽҰ֮УֶĿһɨα΢΢һ٣ֻԶһɽϣһٻӰͱ֮䣬ɫĳкһֺɢΧĵ涼ǽ˼

ֶǵϤٻӰȴһæֶӶȥʱĺҲǲĹǱĿУ˵
Ӧ΢Цֳ
ôֶЦʵ
㰡ӦϸֽһƱ΢Ц·˵һƽ¡
ֶסӦգǱɫӣһʯһ㣬ףǷ·ܹռıУһЩӿš
֮ǰȣڵƺðһЩأоһ˿Ծ˵
״̬Ļܣ
ֶ̾һȻȥɡ
Ӧף΢΢Цţϸֶƣĵ¶ȣǱз·ҲǷһЩǵЦݣᡣ
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ǸֶԵ̴ǰ뵱ģӦȴЩ㵣ôˣ
ҪϹʡ
̴ֶСԴȻҲǽֱǶǵȥڽʱĿת󷽵һɽ壬΢΢лصͷ
վŽڵˣɫӣһ̾


һǧʮ ʦͽ
˵ڣֶǰ̴ӦǴһ飬ŮǰʶֶԸԪԣϵ棬ǶЩ˷ǵĸо
ȥ·ϣܹٵڵĵӣǼֶнžϲ֮ɫԶԶرŸеĺ
ֶЩлЩ۵½΢΢һЦǵУܹһȣȣһۣӵǺܾԺǰʱǵ־Ҳһֱػŵڡ
壬֮ǰӦԼһڵڳڴˣǼֶҲЦݸֳ˵սƽΨֶʱڵʿܹ׵׵һ
ֶӦһ̸΢΢һ٣ƽ̣ͨʦӦÿԳˡ
ô˻ӦӵɫҲǱø࣬ͷһڳҲǽͶ˹ֶδ֮ǰͨǵڵһδ棬ܹڵڰȻڣѳΪ˵ƽ̡
ֶգº͵İ׹ɢʯֶָһһ⻪ʯ֮ӳ
â𽥵ۣ˵ע£ΪһӰͨ
ͨ𽥵յ˫ĿλǰӦһУ΢ɫӣ촽΢΢䶯ӣ˫ϥأɳƵڵǰ
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ӦӵҲڴʱ򶨵Ҳڴʱһ֮ɫǰһͨͷʪͺãͺð
Χڶ೤ҲĬȻ̾Ƕ֪ͨЩܵʹ࣬ڵĴ棬ȴǲΪԪеĹߣԸǵڡ
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ʦΪһƽ̣ȻҪΪ롣ͨҡҡͷʼգδֹӦ˿ֶͬһ㣬ǶӦӣΪʱֿľȥƴҪӵľ߱
ӦĨ˰۽ǣȻӴޱȵĵڣȴͻȻڴʱ쳹ţҵĵӣڣӭٻ
ԶԶĴڵӶڴʱĿͶ壬Ȼ΢΢һжʱžϲ֮ɫӿ
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ռһȦȦĹâԼУƺͬŲС
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Զɽ֮ϣҲǽͶֶڵɽͷֶôֶ㻹ͦǲһأȻ̶ֳܹȣ
ҪԽСʦãǾ㾿ûʸɡ


һǧʮ λѷ
嫵Ԫˮһ㣬ֶڿ񱩵ӿţԪһ־˵ٶǶš
ֶ֮Уγ֮״ңң˴˼ҲһЩܣλãʯţº͵ϵػ֮Ŀܡ
УԶҪԵºһЩϾǱֶĿռǿܵЩԣֿܻı⣬֮ų⣬˵һԵҪһǼ޷¡
Թλ֮⣬ɻûܹɹؽ˴ɹڣȻڵֶֻӵǰѶȣҲǳܹ
ֶֹˮδֿ֮УֻǾؽĿռ֮
ҪɹƿؿռǱָơ
ңӵƿľ飬ֶδڵĻңǿռ֮УܹԼظоĿռ䣬·ڴʱ䶯ָо·صĿռ䣬Ǿ߱
ڴʱӳ壬Ȼǿռ֮У˳ſռ䣬ͬˮһɢ
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ǧԼԶĵط
ֶ·ڴʱΪλ꣬һֳ޷֪״̬ԶԶɢɢտʼʱܹоռɬУԽңԶɬҲȻؼ֪󳹳׵׵ɢ
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Ʈ֪˶ãֶʼģ͵ؾѹǺȻľͬؼ޵Ŀռ䣬޷ٻء
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ЩһһĽթԭ̽ڵλãȴãƽסץס˴аħҧҧ
һͷҳ壬²Źˡڰ֮һۣ
ԣεЦЦ
ǽаħȳҪȫ׻ָˡصǵ׵Ļָ룬Ӧñǵڶشս׿ʱˡ
֣¥˶Ǿ˾жӹһĨɵ֮ɫٽţǵĿ⣬ͻȻӦ
Ӧű񱭣Ųˮеӳգһ̾ĵ¥лص
湬ڰɡ


һǧʮ 湬
湬ڣ
¥дʱڰ֮ǵɫ΢΢ĿͣӦϣԥһ£ȷ
Ӧ΢΢ͷ
湬ʲôֶǵɫЩʵ
Ӧ̧ǱɫĿֶ΢ЦʦһڣľӦڴھɣû񹬰ɣ
ֶͷﵽ̶ֳȣٽһǱܹ蹬񹬣һ˵㾳磬ҲǾ۷ΣΪ񹬾Թŵܹһˣָ
Ȼֶ츳Ϊ㣬ȴʼδܳɹ蹬񹬣Ҳףһô׿ġ
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ӦÿԵġӦ
湬ڶ㣬ʲôãֶӦܹоƺЩңƺʲô
湬Чʱ죬ǻὫ俪ţؼﵽת־ǿ߽Уһ˵ɵļǳɹͻơӦ˵
ֶ΢üͷӦҲǱĿţ֪ΪΣ˼΢΢һЩ
ȡ
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𣿡ֶҲڰֻ֮ǿӦ
Ӧͷң𣿽湬ڣкôġ
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ʵҲͦлǸСӵģ٣㿪ǳڰ֮૵
飬ҪӦȻӣȥ湬ڵġ
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Ӧںڰ֮Уʵ֪ģһֱųԽңĻֱ׳Ҵ󡣡
쿪ڰ֮ƲƲ죬Сʦô׳ԽĻʦὫǰνô
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ڰ֮һ㶣ͷʱӦǷ·һĨĻ΢΢ǶĿ쳣
ġ
¥УŮУһĨɵļᶨ


һǧʮ 
峿ֶһ˱׼ǳ¥ʱȴǷЩ纣۰Ͱ͵ص棬һʱΧ˹
ֶС磬ħɻҲ˵ѾһЩħѪϴˣ纣ô찡ǹͳȻǱƳǰȺԺսŰĴڣȻЩ纣ǿҲǼѹ˶˵ֻҶԶԱȽϤֶ˵
ֶ״ȴ̲סһЦЩһﶼǱħ˰Ҳãӳȥ˵γɼкô
żİɣƬ򲻻ħҹǴǰȥҪ齨ħˣʱɣҲٲþħֶ
ˣǰһ纣᧿ΣȻûԱܹ˵ĻǶȻżĺô
ϢǱʱ򹹽Ų󷨣һѣȡֶһЦ֮ϱ⸡ֳȻһ˰
λ͵źϢɡ
𽥵ſֶһ仰£һ˵ΣҲƾʧȥһȺ۰Ͱ͵纣졣

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һ֮УһٻӰλʱĴӰ´£ϵ鱨ɿϱȥ
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УһɿǺСдȻеһЩϣȥȴ˿ҡ
賤ϣħû鱨Ӧңһħ죬һǧǰȥ֮ɱǻǲ
һдָһһ䵽һУ߽ӹҲȥ

ô鴦ϣҲһ
ٺ٣Сƿ㣬ʦǷһٸİǴҲ̫ʦϣĦ޶Ų豭ЦеؿЩ鴦þЦݾ͸һ仨һ
һԣҲЦҡҡͷһҵһôɫĵӣȻ»ᱻ
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ӦҲǳǳһЦô˵ģ


һǧʮ 
Уͬҫ۵Ů΢ЦӣⱾĿһĻֶ亹Ȼе㲻Ǹʲô
ۿһĻһҲرǺڰ֮ˣĿصؿӦں㷴Ӧ˵Ȥ
ȡ
ֶɿһʱܹ黹ǵó˵ϲУֱӲŮ֮䣬ȻεصҼǵôû˵仰ɣ
𣿡
գգĿ촽΢ƣĵصǿҼǴ˰ɡ
ֶԣŮ˰ǿµ
ЦģӦ㲻İɣ
ӦǳЦ΢΢ҡͷƫͷ䣬ȴǶֶͶȥһʮĿ⣬ǺúһֶνħŶô޸ˡ
˺ˣ˵°ɡֶΣֻܰŮ״ʶһЦ
˵£ȷΨһİ취㣬õ鱨ħУѾһЩħѪϴûʵѾʼһЩͺˡ
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ֶҲǵ˵ͷʲôʱ˶ͺõģһһƲã·㡣
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Ӧû⣬ܹҵָ㡣Ц˵ĻֶͣҡͷЩϹŶСﲻð
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Ľǰ
ֶĽһȭЦĽᰰ٣ҲһֱǼǹš
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С˭ԶŰλô
ôȥе찡
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ֶҲǵĿ⣬첻Ҳûգֻ΢΢һЦʯ֮һģţһɿֲϢǶȻϯ˲᳡
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Ϣ£ǣǲһΣյµζ
ˣ򵥰
ǰжһۣнӹ뷨ͬʱҲǽеһЩɣ


һǧʮ 
ƼħڶඥǿߵĻ᳡ʱҲֶǶȻ䱬Ϣ°һ˲ã֮ϣٶȿֶĿʱǲ˿ɡ
ܹˣ඼ħ֮ˣʵȻǲҲܹƾϢ²ֶʵ̶ֳȣȻֻ̤ؾ
ȻֻؾǿΨǻ᳡ǰһŵħǿ߷ܹоǶǶɹһֻؽٵˣˣֶǹϢ¸еһΣյζõףǰ꣬ȻȥֻѰֻؾҪǸͲǶ֡
ֶСѣĽ츧ź룬ԵĽᰵ
ǺֲܿĽҲǸ̾ص˵ͷʵе޷Сǰħǿ߶ɳȵϵһ
ǵȻֶ϶ȴүүһԵĽɺĵ
ĽŮ첲յҲֻεҡҡͷȻƫͷ벻Զһ۵˻ЦЦ
칬ιû뵽Ҳˡ
Ĺ񣬻ЩֲĽ컷һȻǷħʮ֮߰˵Ķǿߣǵħǧ֮״
ħƶħɨǲʥʱܿ˷âҲǳ֮ơĽᰵ
ǰ
Ľ˵ͷ᳡Ⱥǿжӿһɺ飬ܹٳˣֺξЩħ
ոһ֮ҲӴޱȵĻ᳡֮𣬶ʼžһĿУһ欵ٻӰͤͤ
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Ŀɨӣ峺صȫ
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˻ش˻ɫЩأ˻бݣȻħĽУ˼Ĵۡ
֪ƹк뷨۵ˣ΢΢
˵Ҳѣ˵޷˶սһЦλԶ֮Уڴλˣħ
ӴޱȵĻ᳡УһЩ֮ǿʱԼزµһЩ׶ʱе𺳣ħĳˣʵǰδС
ڳдǿ߶Щ⶯ȴʱδ˵ȻڱħƵЩңഴһɣƿص
λνˣֻڿħһ֮ϣһγɣǹͬأʱΪ˷ֹרȨǿƼһЩɾţ˴£þţ⣬ھ֮ϣԪϯλԶ֮ԼֶΣʹල֮𡣡
ʱɳɳħҿռ֮Ҳ֣ŲӣʱֻҪκһħħܹʱϵ
Ȼ峺֮ԭԵӵȴ˿ң󻯵ĽתȨֻҲǾһЩͼһҶ뷨
ӴĳУѻȸ˸ȴһЩӿ˵Ļȷǿеġ
λԶ֮γɵԪϯ˷ԣǰλʤΣֻǿֶĿЩأϾĽħǿ߶ûʸԪϯȴܹƾȥ˲òΪ֮𺳡
ֶͬͷһԵҲӹһĨϸ΢ɫͳ֮ܵȷ൱һɣħҲᱬ൱ֲ
λǽ޳ɴ˷ΪΣؿڣԵͳõȫǰ
֮ǰħ֣ħĶֻǵһѣܿأħͻϯأʱ򣬱ǵڶشսĻʱ򡣡
㳲֮£ѣʱٲˣƬأ飬Ϳ̿
ĵͳ֮ǿͷһһŨŨĲӿͷشսĻ˭ⲻˡ
⣬ΪħǽῪʦµġ湬ڡʱôﵽת־ǿ߽УԵĻӦͻƵֻؾ
仰˲õóбͣת־ĳǿ߻ȻĿⷺſȵض
еգﵽ㣬ǵջʵ̫̫ˡ
˵ò칬Ըˡ˼ʱ죬ȭ
Ҳʥ壬ҲԸˣħĽҲ
캣£ͬˣһħǿ
Ը⡭
ҲԸˣ

ӴޱȵĻ᳡УһӰ͵վ𣬵ͺ֮˷쳹Щǻһ𣬳һȻս⣬Ȼᡣ
ֶǰЩѪڵһĻҲ̲סһ֮£ټħѹȣ㲻ѶĴٳɳɹҪؽ˷ӳǵÿˡ
֮£ɹٳɣǼΪ֮£ֲֳͬˣȻǸΪĸӣڵǣֶġ
Щ£䵽ϣҲչֳ˾ȵ̶ʱ䣬Ǵ־߳Ρ
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ǿȵĹֶֻؾЩ۵ùǺصʱɫе㷢ס
ڣæµ˵ֶҲһЦȻ裬ˡ
ô鷳Щʲôֶӹ裬ҡҡͷ
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ҵȷûִ塣ֶЦһ
ǵȷ˾壬Ҳİ΢΢һЦ͸һģʱûƽˬӢϵЦݣԵࡣ
ֶĿ⣬ԵЩᣬѽħǿǰŵýǾ˵ĽŮϵһ
ˣôˣû۸ɣͻȻ𵱳ֶȥ磬
ֶεҡҡͷȻ󽫾β˵һ
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ֶЦŵ˵ͷ˵ٶſռ䲨ɢռ֮ӦҲֶ
Ų󷨻õòˡռ֮һЦ
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Ӧŵϣϸ񱭣Ĭһ£ȻӶֶҪ湬ˡ
ֶоͻȻһµգٿӦǳЦգ΢£ջͷ



һǧʮ 湬
գգӰնܣǿԶԶؿţǵУһڵļ֮ɫȻһЩ֪ڽ죬λԶ֮ǻֿɴ˵֮λġ湬ڡ
˵ǡ湬ڡܹ֮żļͻƣرת־ǿߣܹΪҪһֻ֮
ֲֽͣõ۾죬ҲΨзǵȴ˵еܹĶ
УӦ˾Ȼû̫ƣ˭ܹоƽ֮ӿľκˡ
ֶվھǲԶĵط̴ĦޣҲǽĿͶȥ
ʼɡӦһۣ
ڰ֮ԣһۣӹһĨ֮⣬΢΢ͷ
ҡ
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Ҫ湬ˣҿ˿Ӧԥһ£ʵ
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ҿЦһεصͷһʯУʯҲ䵽ӦС
ӦϵʯǱɫĿӹһĨ΢ã֮ɫƫͷǲԶֶ΢΢һЦ
ֶЦݣȴûϲĨǸΪŨˣĨͻȻӳӦԣһץס󣬵ڿֹԼġ
ӦĿ΢湬ʦǶԿħıܹӪսԣΪ㣬湬ڣҲΪӮڶشս
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һӣֻǿֲĻԪֱӳӴ֮Уʱ󷨱ʵһЩ
ռ䣡
ռ֮ҲǴȳɫԪ籡
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ģ

ֲͬХཻ֯ǵȿµ£ضǳ˲
ֲע֮Уֻǹʱǿ⣬ǿУԼɼһϹڡ
˳ϣĿҲǾͶӦҧ֮УһöϵĺĸֶǱͱĿڴʱúࡣ

÷·̵Ӧдһǵصѩ׺ǻΪһͷ޷ӳ֮ڡ
Ǻ޷ĳ֮ԭǱһЩܿģֲ˵Ĳٿ»һ󳹳׵׵ڡ
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ӦˣſֲעֱؼԪǷط

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Ϲ൱Ĺӣû˿ݻǹΧ¶ɬķģһ޷ݵ첨Լ䣬·
湬𣿡
Ŀȵǳ֮еĹϹڣλ˵֮еķµ
ڹ֮⣬֣γȻ谭˶⣬ȻֵطҲʲô˶Խġ
湬ڡ
ֶҲ̧ͷǹϹڣȻתͷǰӦ첽ǰЩĵʵû°ɣ
Ӧ΢е԰ףֶЦҡҡͷϸСֲУȻҽȥɡ
˵꣬Ƕ湬ȥֶ״΢΢ԥȻҲǽȥ
Ӧڣеĺ˸£ֻγɵĹĻǻ˺ѶӦһС
ֶŽ룬Ƹո䵽湬ʱǸо·Ǳó࣬ȵ̧ͷŷ֣湬УϸСνЩܹƯһ㣬أֶֽӹһΣȻͷһΪоЩУȻֻ̲ز
ÿµֱʡ
ֶɫ𶯣ѹ˵湬ܹӴֻؾĳɹʣԭȰ
ֻ湬ڵΧ
Ӧȴǲֱͣ湬ȥֶҲǲ档
˴ͥԺ湬һƬʯ㳡㳡ܣŴľЩľ֮ϣҲżۻֻزɢõ𾪲ѣ治ǷĶ
ֶɨܣȻͣʯ㳡룬ֻһʯʯƺֳʯȣ֪ΪΣֶȥȴ޷ģֻӴޱµĹâӿκ˵̽⡣
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Ӧ΢΢ͷȻʯ֮ǰݶ£ֶ״ҲԹݶ£ǵʵػƬصǷõֶĹݡ
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ʯڣһʦٵ֮ұ㽫Уǳɹ񹬣ȻͳáӦ
ֶһ㶣ЦҲ̫˰ɣ
񹬿ɲô۵ģȻĻҲԶŰУҲֻбɹۡ
ôû𣿡ӦĿֶ
ֶһͷֱ۽ӦУİɣ˵һᳬԽġ
Ӧؿֶϣʯе֮Уʱʮ֮ǰʵ̫죬Խڴ˽ʵȹ̡
ֶͷ˻ֶͨ죬ȻŤʱ֮¶ܹ쵽
ȥɡ
ӦֻʯͻȻ䶯ȻһȦֳǹȦ֮ڣ·޾ա
ֶ״Ҳصص˵ͷҲ˿ת̤߳ȻӦע£߽Ȧ
ˡ
ȦţȻɢȥӦ״һС仯֣ĿУҲӹһĨ֮ɫ


һǧʮ ֮·
ӦͷԼ֣ʱԭС֣ǱþӨ͸ȥһһ㣬ϣһ绨һıţ΢΢գӿĿȴĸӡ
ǺϤ

һ̾ϢӦ΢ƫͷȻǼվںĺڰ֮ӦǾӨС֣ЦһҲ֪Ǹźϲ
ãֻһֱֻ۱˵㡣Ӧźڰ֮΢΢һЦ
ڰ߽֮ϸӦ͸С֣һֿµĺʱ˳ĴʵǸоĴʹ
һɿѹƣǻ𽥵ɢȫʱ򡭡ֵøǰһˡڰ֮૵
ӦĬһ£Ҳôģ˵ǹָȻܹ԰
ڰ֮ЦЩɬʶӦʹʲôƺȫ䣬˿ž;Щ巢
󣬼ڰ֮һʯ̾
ӦǱĿҲǶʯϸһĨǳЦɵӣųԽҡ浱ô׳Խ
ǵЦݣǷֲǿɬʲôԭʱ̫ɫˣҲΡ
ڰ֮ҲͬеصͷԽСʦãĺѣǰУǷյĵӣɾȴģͬʱҲǷΨһ˵ʸﵽһˡ
Խ˵Ŷǲ̸ף
ϣһܹ񹬰ɣȻĻǾûһˡڰ֮
ԵġӦ΢΢һЦȡһϸѩɫףЩСֲ˽ȥָỮһı䵽ϣȻȥ
Ƿĵ䣬Ӧɢֲ𽥵
ڰ֮״ֻҡҡͷҲٶ˵ʲô
ô죿ۻֻҲǽ˴ȻӦʵ
Ȼħ˳ΣǵԿЩħ⣬ǡȥЩһɡӦɫĳĿ֮УȴЩӿ
ҸоӦԤıʲôԻǽҳΪãǷħŰ޷ҪǵߣϾˡ
ԣǵ˵ͷ
⣬湬ڣҲѡһЩǱת־ǿ߽ɣشսĻҲҪܵʵӦ룬΢ƫͷ̴﹬
﹬湬ڱȽҪĵطȻʯܹתʱҲԶطɱȣ̴ֶãȻҪչһЩ
߰ɣҲöˡ
˵ЩӦҲ߳Ҫתʱٶתͷؿһʯ񣬴ѩ׵С֣ա
ֶһɹġҵ㡣

ֶ̤ʯ֮ʱܹظоصתתƣѣ֮ӿ˿ѣȥʱȴǷǰǴģ
ֶǰģһϵļ̳̳ܣŸưʯݣʯݵƺһƾɵš
ڼ̳Χ޾գ߿ȥֻܿīĺڰ̳УƮԵøء
ֶʯݣȻһصϼ̳ǶλãǵƾӲݱƣǲֶۣȴһɷ·ذĲϢ
ǡ
ֶɫ֣أؼ䣬ӹܹӵϢģλ֮⣬¾Ҳڶλˡ
Ӧλ
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ֶͷееѹȻھȴףһ֮䣬ŶôֲĲࡣ
Ҳɰ
ֶ죬Ӧ湬ںظоһ㲻ԾûϴĻȻĳֵˣֻǹš
֪ԽѣͷɲҵӰ
ֶЦţƾɵϻ£˫Ŀ΢գ𽥵س蹬Уν񹬣ʵ˵ǽ蹬񹬣ֻһĳֽǶǲܵѡ
蹬ҲΪأƵǰܹ蹬һ㴦ε״ֻһΪϸ΢Ĺ㣬֮Уȴ̺һ˵ľ
ﱻƣл·һĨôͽΪһ߽壬ûʶֲˣ񹬣ͺпܻ蹬ˣӶ˼񣬵ʱδۣ䱾ѱֲˡ
ҲǺܶྫﵽڵ۷ǿߣȥһΪһһ㶼Ǿһ
־⣬Ȼ޷ҡֶľģǰŷգֻԽӴûеĻôǿߵ·ϣҲע޷ԶοҪȥԽ
ֶȴǽһأۣ쫷紵꣬ʱǲпһ㡣
ֶ蹬
Ư񱩵蹬УȻ΢䣬ž۶Ϊһ壬Ƿģֶһ޶
ֶľ񱩵蹬һЦܹоӿĺ嫾Ҫ񹬣ȻЩһЩʵԼԡ
עԪ΢ЩɣҪ񹬣ȻǱ뽫һ
Ҫһ̵ʱ䣬˵ǣڵʱ仹ԣУʱ绺ʮʮ꣬һ꣬ԣֶЩʱ䣬úýǰµľγ̣

ֶľ³һŰȻҲ£ܣ񱩵Լ쫷粻ϵغХȴʼδ䵽ϡ
붨蹬ڣǺ嫵ľͻȻ۳һ˿һƣȻһ㣬ֶıϢ֮УκٶʱƾǱñǰΪʵϵĹâ˸
ֶ֮䣬ԽԽľԴԴϵӿ·һŨŨİֶ御ذ
ֶǾʯһ㡣
ҪоһȻҪһ൱ʱ䣬ֶҲ֪û˿Ľǣ׵سľͨʱλãֻǹ԰ؽɣ
񱩵蹬ڣʱȻţǵӰ˿ϣ·ǲ˳תۼ䣬һʱȥ


һǧʮ 
蹬ڣֶһʱ˫ʱǿޱȵأ·ڴʱ
֪ʱΪ׺ӣգ쫷ҲشţΪѩ峺ˡ
蹬ֶʱ徲ľһ㣬͵˸еĿ
ֶע蹬΢΢һЦ֮ϲĳض£ʱҲǻΪɢȥ
ڵУ·ֳ࣬еĸо
޳ƣָһɾ׺ӱǺХ£ߣ׺ӱڼ䣬ֻУԾ
ЩȫǾȴ
ѩҲƮֶǰѻһӰģֶͬѩֶ˶ϵѩȻֶЦЦơ
ֶҲ֣գѩȻػȥһֵı
ֶϵЦݣȴԵ徲ͣһΣڲ֪䣬˽һʱ䣬һ꣬ԣȴǺô޴
蹬ڵľûֿ񱩣ֶתãֶľָӣ
ң蹬ڵľȻ˵֮Ҳžֵ֮ĻôڵֶӦҲǴڴڶĲΡ
ˣֶ񹬣û̫ģΪһʵЩһЩ
ȻѣҲǵӵųԵ

ţֶҲ³һŰУ·â˸ƬͻȻز֮ǿʼǾ֮Ƴһ㣬ơ
ֶ蹬λã׺ӣѩԼأû֣ǾؿƬ蹬
һǽһʱ䡣
ؿ׺תѩ裬·Թһע蹬ĵط
һʱִʱֶǾ̶ӣᲨһ£Ȼ󻺻Ŀ蹬С
䣡
ƽ蹬ڴʱ˲䱩ֻǰ׺ͻȻŭŭһؼХţ쫷ٶȳΣطš
ֶǰǵȿ֮Уúתֻ쫷磬Ǳǿеۺһ
¡
񱩵ľӳ嫵ľۺһȻ󲻶ϵر״أ·һγһ㡣
飡
ǹʱǵȿ񱩵ľǲѹƣ׵׵رը񹬳ΣҲ˲ɢ
ֶ壬Ҳڴʱ͵һ𣬵ȴû˿ԥתٶȴ߶ۡ
飡
⣬ٶȱը

飡
ʧܣ
飡
飡飡飡
蹬ڣֶ·֪ƣش߶žϵسţȴʧܣȻ񹬵ѳ̶ȣȷԶԶسϡ
ʧܣҲǼֶеִ֣һһεʧУѰʧܵԭ򣬶󾡿ܵؽֲżͣͣأȴǱ֮ǰһΣҪ΢ԵһЩ
ʧѰȻһ൱İ취ò˵ֶȫ֪񹬵£ȴΪ֮
ֻƺͬҪ൱ʱ䡣
ֶȴǽֹǾֻǽеǳ֮ϣʱ䣬㹻ӻ
蹬ڣıըһֱڳţ˭Ҳ֪ʱǾͷǵӰħһ㣬Ǿۺ֮У֪ʱ䡣
ȻţǵӰδͣЪ

Уʱţ磬ʱԶԣȴԻ⻺Уؼ䣬ȴЩ
ħ˵ĳɹ齨Űħڿʼ𽥵ص֮жǿ߻۶ɵĳħǳΪħΪֲһս
սУǷӳױȵħŰҲȡ֮ǰǰЧ˫֮䣬𽥵ħγɽ֮ƣ˭Ҳ޷ȡþԵϷ硣
Ӧڼħܹ˶֧źҲǿʼǵĿ꣬ؼħ߲㣬ֻнǽˣı߽ǵڶεشս
õЩֵǣħ߲㣬Ǵħ¶󣬾ǳ׵׵ʧȥε̽⣬δѰټ
ƽȴûõӦ˿ħ̫ĽЩһĽթײУ֮Բ¶棬Ȼڳﻮʲô
е㲻

һɽϣӦվɽϣǱɫĿԶɽ֮Уһ޴ɴţܹӰ˸
ǵڡ
Դ뿪ħһֱ̽ħټصڵʱ˺ܶ࣬ЩǸΣż㱼䣬ܹ뵽ǶǰʱֶҲڵڣǶʱգЩΪĵʱ
ֻڣƺе˷ǵĸо
ˡ
ŵʱĿռͻȻ˸һ£⸡֣ռ֮ǸֳӦˡ
ʲôӦƫͷʵ
Ҳ˴ħԼǲٿصħʬ򶼱ռ֮
Ӧü΢΢һأҪ鷳סǡ
šռ֮ͷεصֵȷӲܡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻҲЧħԳˣħӦһ£
šЩħƺЩӴһЩЩ꣬ܵô𣿡ռ֮ԥĵ
ӦҲ΢΢һ͵ʲô̲סЩ仯
ôˣռ֮״æʵ
Ӧ֮Ǳص롭ǿҵħˡ
ħռ֮ɫҲ΢䣬һħ֮ѹֻ֮أӶҲħķӡصʧȥǶ֪ѵħҵˣ
ô죿ռ֮üǵħȻûƴаħɫȴΪӴⱻħƿأһ鷳
֮ѶȻѣǿٻĻЩˡӦҡףȽ鷳ʱֿۣ̽ء
Ҫۣռ֮ɫҲһصص˵ͷ
ھͶȥɡ
ȵȵȡӦԥһ£Ŀȴǿ򱱷ƺǴڵķ
ȥһ˴ǸǶȥ
ţȻĵغһ£˵š


һǧʮ 
ϵļ̳ش֮УǼ̳һӰʯľԱϢţܹһ˿ڵĻ˭ΪǰֻһûϢʬѡ
Ƭصĵطûκεžʱ䳤еƫƧһ磬ܹܹ
̳֮ϣǵӰͻȻ΢΢һǽյ˫ĿǻɫҹüͷţüԵЩ벻⡣
һֱʧܰ
ֶӦĵĸͷ˰ɣҲ˵꣬꣬˸տʼĵһ꣬꣬ڳ񹬣ģȫʧˡ
ȻϵѰʧܵԭѰڣ൱֪ΪΣ۶񹬣ͽΣ˿ûõֶоƺĳֲεо
ΪʲôʧܡҵľǼΪΪβ蹬ڽ۳
ֶüͷâϵ˸ţȴãɻ˼úûжͷֻ̾һ΢ۣ׼ٶȳԡ
ţ
ҪʱͻȻ΢΢Ŀǿǰʯ壬һЩĺۼӦ˭
ǻΪĴֲڼ򵥣ֻһۼߵ㣬ȻĺۼֱӴи·ǽߵ㳹׵׵ƻһ㡣
ֶЩֺۼʧҡҡͷٶȱĿƬ̺͵˫ۣٶȿЩֺۼӹһЩ֮ɫ
ߵ㣬ȥЩ蹬⽻ĺۼƻѵ˵񹬲蹬졭Ҫ䳹׵׵ƻ첻ɣ
ǡƺ
ֶ͵ؾƵ蹬ʲôЦ蹬ģһƻ㽫õ˾ţֺܲ
һʱ蹬ˣ۲񹬣ǲΪȻ޴棬ǣɰ׳նǲܵ¡
ֶۣԣǳһЩģָоȷͨ񹬾
ƣǲƣ
ֶٵرţȻЩ˺ðκһ͵ؽգУӹһĨᶨ֮ɫ
޴γɾʹȥԽ
˾ֶ˿ԥ˫Ŀգһ蹬֮ǰʱ蹬һϸСĹ㣬Ʈź嫵ľɢ
ֶעǵ㣬һ蹬ڵĺ嫾Ȼڴʱһּ˾˵ٶ̶Ϣʱ䣬еľ蹬ڣΪһŽͷСľԲԲʵʣ⻪羵ֲֿĲǶɹֻؽٵ۷ǿߣԸеľ
ѹﵽµʱǾԲͻȻٵزԲ濪ʼ飬ӳһԵĹȻ
ֹǿʢʱ򣬷·һҫգ蹬ڶٽţ𲨶ϯ蹬ڣ׵رը
飡
ֶ壬ڴʱز蹬ըеľҲ糱ˮһӿ
ֶǿԺдľʹæЩʧȥ蹬Լÿޱȵľʱ˿ֲľŰźػ¶֧顣
貵ϽâϯֶڵĺҲǲΣգǻΪͳ֮ϽâΪϽһ㣬ЩŰľΧס
Ҳڴʱ֣Χˮйͨâ˸䣬ûõþʧȥơ
ֶʱҲǽޱȣ蹬Ѿ飬һֱԼž޷ٸһ蹬ôͻʧشӶЯľɢҲܵױȵĴ
ȻȣֶϾ̫Ҳû˿Ļңһ䣬֮ͬǰ蹬ڲٿؾǰ㣬ʼһ
嫵ľӿţȻ󻺻ػۣʱҺһ㣬ʶ֮䣬·һ񹬵ĳȻĳ͡
ֶ΢Ĳ£ʼһ񹬵裬ֹȻǼ˵ĺƴ󣬼ֶõʱ䣬ֶǴھУֵطҲκεȻĻһʧأʵЩء
ʱ仺ţգۼ䣬ʱȥҲ𽥵سɹģΡ룬Ƶǧ·֮
ֶעε񹬣Ҳ̲סſϲӿһǺ嫵ľͬˮһӿ֮С
ȻھӿкֶеĿϲȴȻΪ͵ط֣УûаγѭԷļ
蹬ֻҪУس֮Իһְ֮УȻڣָоȴǵȻ޴档
Ȼ񹬣δȡ蹬Ч
һֶͱǣסЩʹǲɢһͽԶûзµҲ˵Լľǣסˡ
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Ϊʲô۳񹬣޷ȡ蹬أ
ֶٵתţԼоƺʲôȴ޷ٵģʲô
ʱ仺ţֶȴɺͷͷҲ̲ס΢⽩֣ѵ޷
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ӿһ˿˿Ļ֮⣬ʼ뾫֮УٽţֶǸоЩ˻֮ľʼ˷츲صı仯
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ĵħĨڿʼЩʼ׹Ǵ˴ԵĶ־ŶôĿֲ
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ңħҪŰʱԶ֮ʱĴ壬˴λԶ֮Ĵ£齨ˡ
һγɣ׷ӿʱٲһţ±ֻһ;
ˣĴƿأûκ˶Դ˱ﲻУȻûǰ߱ͳ֮ܵˣĴ嶼߰ڶԷ˵ȨҲǸзҲǵ˳ɵĵһУħĽ£ڽڰˡ
һλԶ֮ΪŭֱǽĴ峤һǳԼǿѹĴ岻òѡһָܹˣѡѡѡȥ䵽ͷϡ
峤ǽΣ䵽СϣǣλԶ֮ѡҲδ飬ѡǶ£СΪΨһ
ڲƽϢ£ܹеöСͬҲչֳ˼ΪƵ˵ܹѸٵħ˽ħе࣬٣ܹʼħγɶţδٳ֮ǰشˡ
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ҳ֮⣬βʵ壬Ҳ˶٣ܲе𺳡
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һ֧ļ룬ǣܹŰħӵĶнռһЩϸ΢Ϸ硣
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ˣ֮䣬ʽΣħɣһħǲпѹ£ĸ֮һɹǳ׵һǶףǲħȥô飬˿ƹ
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˳Σ𽥵ػס˾ƣħŰҲǱֹʱƽ˾ӦԶ֮Ҳǳ׵ڳ


ǵ֮ϣӦڰ֮
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һĨаԼпЦݣƶžĻؽգӹһĨâһΣǱɡ
Ļ΢΢زţʼģҲԽԽʣĻһǳ׵׵ɢȥǻۣ֮ҲڴʱΪޡ
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ڰĺϣײеӻվ΢΢ҡҡͷԺеϸ΢ѣθȥȻ̧ͷǰ̽޴һЦôԩأû뵽㻹ĳɹֻת˰
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ԵͳЦڰԶԶĴӿأƺа۾Ǻڰ

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ǵļ̳ǵӰǾʮʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬ϵ𽥱ʴ飬ֻòȴǲû˿ı仯ֻϵļ㣬·𱻹յԡ
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˫ͫҹûκεĲƽУƬأ·Ƕͫע£ز
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һǧٰʮ һ˲ʮ
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ֶ΢΢ĿһǼüĴһ˸񹬾֮ڣ޾ľںХ趯־ֵĻâںص̫ı仯ϸ΢ı仯õþɱһ㡣
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ֶлҲͲͣһ̳ǰޱŹȦسΣǲٳɣһȦ𽥵ʧȥ
ʧƬܹתʱ޿ռ䣬ٶȵıù¼Ŷ£Ψż̳ƾţ΢΢˸ź⣬ͱֶһ㡣

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ȻƬΪȵģɻǴ֮ϵġ湬ڡǹڴŴӰֱ˵ϢɢȻ̤ת־ĳǿߡ
·ĽĿЩżܹ湬ڵǿߣһŲת־ǿлͻƣ˾ηֻ֮ҲΪˣ˵ʵŻԽԽǿҷħ
ʱ湬ʯ㳡УǵϵʯͻȻ˸⻪һźӰ߳
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ͣ
צݺݵԾħ˺Ѷ£һ鷺źɫѪⱻ˺ɫ䣬ǾħҲţһȭݺݵغϣǹǽϵɫ۶ȥҲǽǧɡ
ۡ
Ŀ֮Ѫ˿һǧӴչһ䣬ٶȳǾħײ
ֿµɱĿҲһȵӣ֡
ʱֻħӵңԶ󷽣ͻȻҲǱɱ⣬ֻǵصӰԺ⵶ĳֱǽħһΪ
ͻҲ˴һһʱ䣬𽥵ȡϷ硣
໣
ЩħƺҲǲƲԣͻȻž춯ذ˻쳹ǺУű
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ֻЩħǿͻȻرըΪһɫѪ⣬Ͽҽֵľħڡ

ͻȻֲܵǽɵľħȻٶ棬ѳ޴ѪۣȻЩܲס
أ
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ȻЩħӣǿʼںôħľħʵ޵Ľӽɹֻؽٵ۷ǿߣҲѾִＫޣںϵĻħǻܲסԱȥ
ңǶɹⳡսҲ޷ٻȫֵ˴ĽŲ
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ƬѣӴʱ˾Ŀеɶ򴦣һ޴Ѫ
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ɱ뱩ԾħдޱȵħֱӺХݺݵضŭĶȥǰƣȻҪ׵غɱ
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ЩеĶǿҲǼŭԪƥͼǾħȴǲŲˣЩ䵽ϣòϲ

ħƺݺݵ£ֱǺݺݵȻ󣬾ؿشʱϣͻȻһͳ֮ǺХµħƣͻȻ̡
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Ŀ͵һæϷֻһӰն֣ؽǾħħƵֵ
ȫɱȻǵ£ǾħҲ˿Ĵ
ǵϤӰһϣžϲ֮ɫ˳
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һǧٰʮ ƽħ
֮ϣ޴ħ£һӰնƵȴǽ̺ż˿ֲħɵĵֵ
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ħ˴ҲڴʱһЩԴһǰ˽ֶʧټ˵Ǳչû뵽ؼʱ̾Ȼˣ
һüʱ
Ҳϲ֮ɫؼ䴦ս˵սУû˫Ϊ۷ǿ֣߳ΪħЩһԶ֮Ƕ򣬲ӦģԶ֮Ҳ޷սİʱֶĳ֣ܹȡΪشá
ǰû°ɣֶסħƣȻƫͷʵ
˸𽥵رΣĨȥǵѪֶЦһ˰
ֶͷЦһｻɡ
û飬ֶƺûκεĲɢأȴܹеһּΣյϢȻһıչأֶʵƺһ͸ĵز
ֱ仯õЩοң뵱һμֶʱֻ߲һΪ˴ССİٳսӱѣʱƺЩ츳Ž컯̸˭뵽󣬵Ǹ꣬ѽǳԽˡ
СһЩħںʮλȻǻ˶ãʱΪĿ񱩡һȻΣڶǿ߽令С
ںħ𣿡
ֶǲ⣬ԪͷȡķʽЩͬЩһȻΪײУӦҲںϵļˣǿĻ±ǻԱˡ
𣡡
ǾħҲǳħƣħĿֶһŭֻӴϣȪˮĺɫѪҺЩѪҺ䶯ţа񵽼Ĳɢ
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ݡ
Ѫգۼ䣬ɴСֶѱڸǣǾħħƶȻ£Ѫ򣬳׵׵غɱֶ
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ֶԣȴһЦ£𣿡
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ֶµɲǣǾħЦȻ̣ӴҲǼҵĲֻڣһɫĹ

ֻ£ħ޾ħһּ˾˵ٶȱΪޣǾħڴʱѶΪʮħӰѪ硣
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ɱ
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ЩħΪǿֻҪܹߣ鷳
ǵĳˣȴӹһĨЦ쳹𣺡ħһ׼Ź
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ϣֶǽǰ¶Ǳ·ħӣҲǻɿƣԶĴָô·õ׵˿Щħ˿Ļ·ߡ
ǧУҲǼֶ㶯ǺԸе촽ʱһĨĻȣǷĿǲܵضֶеģõֶס۾ŽЦû֦Ҳ
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ǣڶЩħĸ߲ôֶķ૵
ʱңԶĶ򽻽ӵһɽϣɽ۵һɫٻӰͻȻĿҲеħ򣬴ѩ׵Сֻա
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һǧٰʮ 
ħս˾ȡʤȻ֮Ȼֶսԭ򣬵ģȴΪ֧ħӣûлκεԮһ״šһħˣȻûжٵʤ㡣
ˣӮսħΪ˳׵ЩħǺķյʱ䣬ǳ׵׵ؽħеħ
ս䣬Щ֮ǰħռݵĺȴǲҲ̶ãħʹ͸ˮ֮УͿ̿ǸʬƯһƬƬǶȥء
˼Ҿ磬˾ҲǸ˫ͨ죬Щħȷ̫ıŰײУǲǳ׵ա
ЩħȾĺȻû̫ʱǾħսһ˾ӱָ£һΪһ֧Ԯˣһ֧ԮˣֻѸٵؽħǲܹûк֮ǵħչľս
ֶ˼󣬴һ˾ӣǰϾӽȻӦʱڶħǾȥΪãóʲôӡ
ȥһħ˾ӣӦתƣĶҡ
ֶ㰲ţҲǷ޳ɣԴħ泹ȹ̺˱ǸԴǵصȥ

ƽԭ
Ƕ򽻽֮㣬ͬʱҲ˴פ֮أƬƽԭĶ⣬Űϵħӡ
ʱƽԭϣ˾ӣĺ쳹𣬶Ǿǰĸ̨ϣӰǰһϸٻӰźɫȹӣ̬ϸµСϣɱ֮⣬ڵҹհɨ޾ƽԭ
Ӱ̴֮⣬źˣ˵Ǻڰ֮һ˵СһħĸѪսԼ֤ԼͳߵĵλˣƽԭϣĿʱ֮ɫ
̴һɫȹ䣬Ǿû˿覴ã֪ΪΣƺǱøΪأһ翵ζ˿ȥЩη
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עƽԭͻȻɫ΢ƫͷңԶߣͻȻǿҵĿռ䲨ţӰȳһǵصرӶϢض
أ
ʳʱ֮Уʱ֮Ӱ˲ڿնԪҲǳʡ
ؾţħ˵ѡ峺ڴʱƽԭǽŵջ
ħѵħеħˣ
ЩֵܸǵǲЩħˣһǣ
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Ž䱸ɢȥУǱĻ˶ңԶȳĴػֱۡ
סǡֶ磿
̴ȻΪеСϵ΢΢һЩǱƣӽʱ͵ؼǰǵӰСɢȥǸϲģǿһЩ˸߲ЩȻȵֶʱ΢΢ػȻ
һߵҲ΢ףǸȻǾ䣬˱ǴпһЩ¶ȣⲻɵһЩ˰̾ҡҡͷŮУ֪ŶſܶĽȫûָˣ̯ôһľ֣Ļʲô
ԶѸٵҲ䵽ƽԭ֮ϣֶһֱǳǸ̨ϡ
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̴ϲؽϸĽͬ˹ȥֶæֽסһסӯӯһյСȻ̴СԴЦ˵ˣһ
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øӦˣҽԪɢȥˡֶĿ⣬ȴ΢΢һЦ
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˴һ٣ȻȷûϲԪĲأȴϤĸо
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ʱ򼴱ֶľ̲סصһʲôһ·ߣϳԪ뾫·ߣ
֪˵·Ӧñ̫֮ϣмܹӦ̫ϣҾӦˣô̫֮ܽ壿һ㣬ڵֶ
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Щħ˾ӣͽ̴ɣǻὫ֧ħӽڵĻҽȥһ˿峺ӿֶ

ֶһ㶣͵ػعǻôˣ
㻹ȥɣӦܸӦǵλá΢΢ҡͷ
ֶ״вɵһĨĸо˵ͷҲͲٶ˵˸ֱʧȥ
ʧӰҲһ̾


һǧٰʮ 
򽻽ӴǽӽǰߣֻҪǰǧңܹĽޣѾħĴӪ
⽻ӴһΡɽϣӰǵɽ֮ԵΪСȴһȻ̬֮η
һԶſʼƬ֮֮ⲻΪ֮۵ʵ֮ػ
Ϊ˻飬ȼֻأӡħλѷ죬űؼ֣֮İλӣҲΪ㾡Уؼеǿ̸ʱ޲һַĵľ壬ҲΪʲôӦ¶棬ȴܹ׵ĴٳˣⲢǵʵѹƣΪؼĸ
ɽǰӦʱûбĿǴŰɫ׵ϸָĿĵʯͷϻȦȦǸĲɵģһԵǶǿó
һϣǼѿġ
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ħѾƽ˵Ѿһħǰˣֶһ򡣡ͻȻڵ
Ǹ֣ӦȦȦǶ˶٣Ȼ΢΢ͷ
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Ҳ֪ħʲôǡ̫ƽˡ
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ӦȻҲǸоǹϤϢǱУӹһĨ֮ɫҲ̲סؽ
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ֶĽʱԵøûֱƣһ£ٶץȥȴӦǿܿȥ
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ӦʹţƺˣʵֶǿҪֵĻֶҲס

ֶŭغȵ
ӦҧҪܸʲô
ֶȴǰֱӵͷݺݵضһĨȥ֮䣬˵·ǶȻӲ
΢Ϊӣš
ӦȻǱٶȥĿǽߵӣǲ˿ĶϣҲһĨĺϼӿ
ɽϣӵþ֮󣬷Ŵ֡
㡭ӦڻعЩ۾ֶյĵš
ʲô㣿ֶ촽Ȼ§ŻеŮӹһĨɣսĶϣղӣǰʱ򡭡
ǰǸýΣżԣż὿ȴ̲סؽҪŮ
Ӧؿֶǰů¶ȣĿٶˮ૵ҡҲƭ㰡ǡûѡ񰡡
ûŮǴһ˿ʵֶҲһĨϧȻ§ţصصһᱣġ
Ӧ΢΢ĿĦֶţһĨ΢Цֻ΢ЦУһ˿Ŀɬ
仰۽Ҷء


һǧٰʮ ֮
ɽ֮ϣӵãӦ󷽲Žֶƿ촽Щյضֶһۣ㣬϶ǿˡ
Ϳ˰ɡֶν΢ЦؿӦô㷴øǰˣ
ǻعⷵհɡӦĵصڼǶȻְʱŵһЦ
׼Слˡ
лֶһ㶡
ʦһֱûжܸоƺѾɹֻأƽǾͻħսˣҲýٳӦĵ
ʦ㣿ֶü룬ŵǣ֮ĻŰ
ʦƿ֮ǼУҪ˵˭Ļ¾ҪǴʦĪˡӦ
ǿٻʲôɣֶʵ
ܸӦʦֻسɹٻĻӦò⡣Ӧ
ֶ΢΢ͷ֮ҲԶŰ֮һǴսʼܹİæҲܹǶһЩʤ㡣
ǲлʱ򣬾鷳ˡ
ţҰɡ
̸ϣӦһУɽϹâ˸˱ֶˣеŹ֡
ȡ
ֶǵ񣬲ɵøɿһһԵӦҲ΢죬񣬵ǿʼɡ
ҲǵͷһգֲԪ糱ˮһ
ԪɢΪһ߽֯أЩߣƺǻΪһ˻ɬӵ󷨣ӦˣôõıԵǡ
һȦڣ˾֣Ӧһۺڰ֮Ҳͷָһһڰ׹âͻȻӳ롣
һϸСĹţ֮Уƺһƺɫ˿̾ţأһصĲɢ
Ӧ˽˫ĿգǺɫ˿޻ȼһޱȵĲȻɢʧ
ϵˣҲǾؼ
ֶǣƬ̺ڲδʲô״΢΢ͷɽ֪Ҫصȴˣ´ٳߵӰλ˵֮е֮ˡ
λһֱδԶֶ֮Уһ֮ġ

Ҫ֮ٻȻҲҪһЩʱ䣬ֶɽһʮʱȥ
ʮУϵӦû˿ͣЪļһĲ޵ɢţֶ֮һֱδֹҪٻҲʲô򵥵¡
ֶʮУҲ쳣𶯣ħļ룬ʵǱǣӶֱӿʼЩħӶ֡
˫ɱذʮʱ䣬սĶԼսΨԲݣѪأնǱƺƵӰڡ
սΨԿ¶ַݡ
ֻħ˵ǿᣬϾ޺Ԯ˻֣ʿǣ̶ʮռ䣬ħ֧֮ľӱǾܣ˾ӵ׷ɱУɾ˴
Ƶһ򣬼𽥵ƽȵǽսʰ٣Ȼ˵ʼڴʱضĴ۶
ƣգϵ˼֮һӹľӣ޲𺳣һεսȣԪһΣֻСơ
󾭹٣ʼ𽥵ضƽֺƺƵ֮ƣγɵһѹնǱЩ谵
˻һս⣬ضЩ
ƽʱԶԵΡɽֶҲо˫ĿɫصżΪңԶķ
սҪʼ𡭡
ֶɽ֮ǰȴִĸоһΣûзܹĴڣҪסƬأֻԼˡ
ֶһȻĿϵĹѾʮˣٻѾûʲôӦǰ϶ĻֶЩɣλ֮ǲѾֻʧˡ
ĻǶԣһ൱شĴ
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ǵΪȻƺƴ󣬵·˸оֶڽ񹬾󣬷ܹо
ӦҲڴʱ΢΢۾һĨ֮⣬л֮ⶼ޷֮ĻǾ˵ʧˡ
ڣֻܵȴ˰ǶһۣģѾ˰

ǵʱԶڶĴĿȴһЩ仯
ڴĿĵһУһСӰڸ߸ߵĸ¥ϣϸ׵СţСлŻĸ
СŮеĸͻȻ̧ͣСЩãȻңԶĵطǴĴ۾УܹңԶһ۵Ĺ
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СŮڶСȻͣ£Ǵ۾У·ڴʱɫʣСϸһĨʹ֮ɫƺʲôԺ˹
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ΪСŮ̧СǰƯеŮӣ΢΢һЦֻЦݣƺû
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Ӹ߸ߵ¥̤߳ţȻѩǰͶĻУɤɻЩۣ㣬лл㡣
ѩЩŻеСŮ۾죬ڣҵ𣿡
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ѩһֻֻ֪ߣȴû뵽ǰȻԶŰ֮һ֮
㡭Ҫ뿪𣿡ѩ૵
ûأȥһǣħ½Ҳ֪ǽĻҲ޷ġ
ҡͷŽѩһЦ㣬İɣȽЩ£Ҿͻ𣿡
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ҲǱŽѩľȻڽѩѩײһ£ǻر䵭ֱ󳹳׵׵ʧȥ
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âɢȥСŮҲ¶ȻֶˣĿɿڴ
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硣
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𽥵ؽӲ֮ɫ˭뵽ǱѰõ֮Ȼǡ


һǧٰʮ 
ɽ֮ϣֶ˽еСŮԻЩûлعƬ̺һͷֻúںڵĴ۾ЦؽţֻУȴû棬һĨϷ֮ɫ
û뵽ôˣȻǴֶ֮̾һе㸴ӣڵ𣬻֮ǰǸСŮУֶǰ˿ѰҲļڣڵ¸ģ֮ɡ
ҪҪôذֻתɲּںϣɲǵһĨҵУŽʱһ޶ںڵĴ۾·ǿֶ룬Цص
ֶͷȻһԵӦǣʼ磺ǵĴʦˡ
ˣλûУҲǳŶӦǻӻС֣СϵЦԵø档
ʦ㣬ģʺ㰡
ռ֮ЦеƳ˳ĳȴǱһԾ𣬺ݺݵسסĶ䣺СգԴʦ𾴵㣬㶮ò˵˶ٴ˰
Ǽ״ʱЦһû뵽ȻģǱӻûı䡣
֮ռ֮ѵһ٣С֣Ŀ⿴ķ򣬴۾ӹһĨ֮ɫѹħҵ˰
ӦͷڸȴǱ򣬽ħ
û뵽Ҫս˰ֻһΣǿûʦǳеˣһУԼˡ֮̾һ۵ɤУȴһѹֵĳء
ô˻ɫҲǳһЩ
ʦҲñۣʦȻˣħ֮УͬûħʣǱУͽһ㣬չӰһ;Ӧ
ǺǣǰʦȻˣΪµħʣҲء֮ЦŵͷĴ۾УĺâӹһΣɾҪؽնݳ˰
ʱ䣬ͻִҲǿ˵
š
֮ССĸ첲ЦеصǾٵɣʱȥЩħɱøɸɾ
˵⻰ʱȻЦţǿֲɱ⣬ȴؼ¶ȶ½ࡣ
硣֮ͻȻСԴֶ
ܱô𣿡ֶ̲סشһЩεص
̲֮סؽЦţص㵹ɽһСʦöܹߣ˵˵ʲôֶˣ
ʦ㡣ӦЩεؽһ
Ǻã˵СӵȷЩͣŶʱ䣬Ȼ񹬶ˣֱȵСʦ֮ЦȻǲֶʵȻǽֻͨؾԪΪʲôɢĲȴõЩ졣
һԵ˶ǳֶεʼ磬Ѿϰˡ
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֮ӦԶȥȻɽ±ͣ½ŲСϵЦ𽥵صһЩѹڵɣ
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ʦİɣһзִġӦ΢΢һЦ
֮̾һֻһΣ仯ǲСԼŰɣܹˣҲˡ
ӦҲԱϸ˫ֱϥǣûЩħǸöð
ĻͲþҲýе޾Ĺ¼ű䡣
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Ӧ΢΢ҡͷϥ䣬İɣһΣһӮġ

ڽ֮֮󣬽գƽ࣬żĿ򱱷ңԶĵطܹһɿֲս⣬ڻϯ
ս⣬춯أǵǿᣬԸأؼеǿ߻һǰƣɲǵ˭ֵܹġ
ֱ֮ǰƽõճԽٴʱҲǱ𽥵شƣֶ̧ͷֻңԶߣӰȳһ㣬ǵصرӶƷ֮ǧ֮ڣܹš
һ֧֧Ӵǿ߾ӣԶɽ֮ǰ𽥵£ȥյ棬ǱƺƵ˺˳ȥȴ޷˴ľͷ
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ӴУŹӰӳȻѸٵؽӽڵɽۡ
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Ǻ֮һЦĿһСףȻͷǶԺ֮ѡ⡣
СҲͷЦһǰͻȻֵģȻһ£ȻĻúϿˡ
ֶҲЦŵͷΪСⷬеϲܹӦóСףҲѽֻ֮ټϺħ˿ļɵ
ֶЦţȻĿתСԣźµĿ޳ǷģС֮⻹źˣֻΪƹ˵ԵʣǿϣǶһЩ֮ɫ
ʱСĿҲֶǿϣһĨů⣬˶ӣһЦֵ֮꣬ǲöԡ
ˣи˵Ǻ㡣СʲôͻȻźһ֣һźɢȥֻһŮֶǰ
Ů޳ȹ˿ţѩ֫üԶɽ̣ͦԸеĺ촽΢΢ţǵЦݣ͸һģĿ⿴ȥЩ㱡
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̶ֻʱ䣬ŮǴģٲǰ㽿ӣˮ۾ֶǺߵĶ̲ס۵ĸо
βĻ󣬵ȷ൱ѹֵ֮ˣǾβЩϸ𡭡
կӻðɣֶЦʵ
СͷǾβٶȳΪ֮һ⻹ֶ˵£û
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ԣҲ֣رȭȻսҪԡ
Ȼˡ
Ӧ֮Ƕһۣнӹ֮ɫ
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һǧٰʮ 
Ĵ֮һƬȴǴģգǳְɫɫʣճħƮڿУħ۵ĳ̶ֳȣϻΪħƣħ꣬ǵصؽ
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һɽУԭƻɽУޱţԼܹٶɽ֮еӰʱȴǻ켣һ󷽵ĿУſ־塣
͡
ңԶĺ󷽣ħϯħ֮Уаɺ۾ţǿȣ̶ļЦħӳ䣬ǰԼеྡضŨŨѪζĲҽ
ͬһԡ
ֻʱЩ飬ΪЩħΪˡ
ȻħռãϾ̫кܶԼ鶼ǱǿħΨͬСضţһ֣ȴǵģǲпĽ֡
ǽӽıԵֻҪܹӳȥܹ뵽ȫĵش
˶ǱƴؿеĿ־壬ڼԽԽħʱɻ̲סһЩȻУܹ飬Ӳ𡭡
ѪӺƮȾ첻˵ӣĨȥӵѪеľŨʱͻȻͣŲԶա
ңԶգͻȻżٵƷȻһƬƬƷٵƵĽӽǷŷ֣Ǿǿ߻۶ɵľӣ
Ӱǵصȳһ㣬ڱգһĿս⣬ǽĿֲħòϵغˡ
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䣡
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ӣХн֮䣬ȻҲγսһκϮܹʱӦ䡣
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˳򣡡ϣһ߲ӳЩˣһӣһȻҲͲͣӡ
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֪˭Щ˻һ۾ͨһ̣Щ֮ǰΪ־ǱӰ·ٶȾ߱һ㣬ˢˢת˴֮±ӣֻżһŭܹʾǵʹࡣ
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˾ִѹƣħûκεĶְȻ˸е
֪鱨ħȫǾǣԭڵܲѱħ𡣡Ǵͦ䣬룬ңԶķ֮ϣࡣ
ʱħһֱǺ޶бȻıʲôλ衣
ӦֶҲ΢΢ͷħӣɾԲԴУԶʱǳս˫֪˶꣬ҲûйƵľٶ
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š
ˣЦŵͷЦУ޾ײӿ
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ĮɳϦбңһ׳֮ȻʱȴǱħڣżХ׳֮һ˿ɫ
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˴ǰͷβ˴˽β˵սȻһ㣬رƽɳĮǲУħŵضɽҡĲֱɳĮΪλá
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һǧپʮһ شս
·ʱ䶼ܹĺ̺һЩŭ˻΢΢һֶͣҲԸӡ
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Ĵ߾ڴʱʼչֳĿ֮


һǧپʮ Լػ
һ־˵ٶ·ɳĮӶȻԭְɫʵĴأǿʼһֿݻ֮ɫ
ֶʩչ߾Ȼֻȡرϵǰ򵥣Щȡ뵽ص֮УǴ֮е糤ˮһؼȡ
ŨŨĻζӴɢ󲨼ⷽԲʮ֮ڣǴӸ߿տȥʱɳĮǱС
ţһɹɢֶڵķ۶˶ܹоеֿ¡

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ЩҺ壬ѹµ۶ɣк嫳̶ȣֻؾ۷ǿ߶ǰкȻ

ЩҺϵٶԽԽ죬úǼǻΪһɱˮӵص֮ˮˣֶӰ
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ˣǸһ¡Ѿ˷ķӡֻҪλӡһƣʣͽٶȽƬ䣡
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񷣬ȻķЦȴǺ¡¡쳹ħԼ򡭡
˴̧ͷԶȥĻһ־ͷ
ħʣֽҪ
Զʱڣлŷ棬û˷棬ƬأֵܹǰֲĴڣ


һǧپʮ 
ƿԶȥȻأ·ɶǴ֮ǰǺ¡֮У֮Уſ̡
ԶʱڣΪӮǳشսƬظ˼ΪֲĴۣǿ䣬λˣȼֻأΪǳشսһţڣһĻֽ
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ħʡȻӡˡ
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һУֻΪħ֣ԶǳشսǣǳħлߵĿֲ
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Ϊؼ䣬ܹħʵĽŲ
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նӨĳ趯һۡ


һǧپʮ 
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ܷȥħ̤ҲΨתˡ
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ֶضӦĨԽԽŨ
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Ŀעţ΢΢ýܹ
һֱƭ㡭Բ𡭡ǣñء


һǧپʮ 
ԭħվսȴΪǰ֮ٶսᣬؼΣȴûΪǵʧӵ˸еΪλӡʧȥƽ⣬ң˿־ǣȼֻس׷ӡħʣȻҲ˷ӡλӡ֮⻢ʱ׼ٶȽ֮䡣
ʱؽһĺƽ١
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ĳأ飬Ҳڼ̵ʱڣɢأʱΪ֮Ȼ̧ͷǲ񷣬·ԼܹоǼΪңԶУһӰԽԽ
һ޷ݵѹȸУ֮䡣
Ϊ֮չ鲢ûг׵ľΪ֪λ˵еıˣڽ߾ȫس澳ܹɹĻôأͽٶȻȡ
ܹ֮ѰҵΨһϣ

ֶ뿪ֱӻ˴ôһθеһƣ룬ƣδȥ壬Ҳδٻصڡ
վڴϿգֶ룬ǶŴӳúɽ·ӹһС򣬳ҰС
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תʱǼ˽ͷĺԼվõ˺һ͵ľŮ
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ڶĿ۶ſʼת䣬һЩӿ˳˭˲ֶ֪֮ңִ˵Ǵ߳ȥģ
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ּҴ֮⣬ĵطȣԵּ࣬Һ඼ǰǨȥˣլǲû̫ˡ
ֶڴǰʱǱһɨͥԺ˷֣Ȼһ㶣һֱӰȷɱǼĺּҡ
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ԭЩľּң˲ӿĿ⼤ϲԴŴ߽ͦꡣ

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ѷ֮ħӿƺһֻа۾ĮȻؿƬ̤ء


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˴һɽУһССŮӤ
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СŮűһڣںڵСβ˦˦Ϊ˱˸ȻףıȴõΪ鲻ֵܻġ

ʦգһҵǸĸԸȥеءҲܿء
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ݡ
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˫֣ںڶ޳βŻö˵Ļȣ֮ϣŽЦݣһ֮ǰǵڣ״


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ǰ˻֪˶ãǿʼ𽥵ؼǵˣ·߶ȥ
֪ʱѤĹԺڰбǳеʶĻ棬˸ÿһ棬·һֻء
ֶʶЩֻǿгȥȻʶ׵׵ʧȥָоֻؽʱҪ¡
ֻתǵʶҲ޿԰εУļ类ᣬһһֵ䣬ռݡ

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ֶĶĽâӶԥضĲӣѪ䣬ʼصأѪУХǣǹڲԶǷ棬Բ
һſͷ۾Уǲʵľ֮ɫ
ߣʼڰմ޾Ļںޣɢȥ

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ΣܽḶĴۣ»ȪҶҪһ


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Ȼһȴֱǿֲħָ֮Ȼ˱ǾؼǵħָȻڴʱӲնء

ħǱһЩĿɿڴǰȹɰľŮӣȻǲͻȻð·Զ֮ҪǿǺηʥ
񣿣
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ֳ𣿡


һǧ 澳
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ųٶϸ΢·ǰļ͹ԳǾϣҲӹһĨȻ֮ɫ
ĿǵնٻӰ΢紵ƮƮ׵ʣһ㣬Ϊ֮ԡ
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ͳħ֮ԽԽֻǾ֮ϣħưѹһ־ĿУħϿա
ǹħƺаĮĿƬأգĿ⣬ͣĽ֮ϡ
Ϥ
ħһĮȻش֮еħû˿УȴһزĿֲ
ħʡ
֮ɫ԰׵յħƣһħ֣֮ϣ·ǻһħӰֻ˭ǿò
˻ĵطǼһƺأǿϧ
ֲѹأǵһЦЦ͸¶һЩһһĿģƫƫҪȥνĴ֮
ˡչ黹Ӯˡ
ЦţĿתƶѤıħеа˫Ŀ΢΢һ澳𣿵ȷСе飬ֻᣬҿ²ǵġ
䣡
¼䣬ֻħȻӿճħɿ۶ǻΪһž޴ĺɫ档
ڣռ䶼Ƿ˿֮ǻУ·޾аӿ
ݣ
ɫ䶯ţԼƺǻΪһĹħֱӺХѤȥ
ৡ
һֱǳѤ֮ǰǾ֮ϲűͻȻһ֮⣬Ȼϯ
ֻâɢط·ڴʱ޾֮ڴʱػ۶
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Ȼܹõ̶ֳˡȻǱ˶Դ˸ռưħħӰһĻǸ̾һ
ɻԶԶ
£ֻǹħڴʱļ֮ħǵصڶǻ罣âֱڴʱƵýڽڰˣֻ֮⣬Ҳ
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ֲֿϽ֯ţ˭ǿóǻâ;ƿݡ
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Ҫˣʹ࣬ҪҳԵڶˣ𣿡§УȻ૵УڵĲɣ
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š
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һӰźۣĿݣֶֻĿʱ˫Ŀȴ΢΢
ΪǵӰģİ˵ޱȣΪĿȻǣ죡


һǧ һս
죿
ԼСЩʶһĻͷȴ͵һŨŨĻԼӿ
쾹Ȼħʣôܣ
졭
ֶɫǵϤӰȴǲûжٲܹоǰֻѡ
ǺǣֻǸожƺźܼҵķӦħ΢΢һЦҲǴһԼЦģǴ̼ͦء
ģаɱڶεĳ嶯ֶصȻѾУ⣬ٽɱڶΡ
Ҳãҵ֮·쿪ʼڣҴﵽ۷ʱеĶԹȻǰġ족
Цţشֶ̾һû뵽Ȼܹﵽ澳ʧ˰һҲк֡
粻ǣģͻȥɡֶ۾΢Įص
ܸоԹ֮⣬Ϊ˴ﵽ澳Ҳ˺ܴĴ۰һȥ𣿡Ц
Щʰ
ֶͷһգ·һںβĽŮӰ֣󽥽ȥ
Ϊһʧȥˡǲ˵˵Ļǻᡭܲˬİ
һֶӿ˶ܹоأʼѤĹâǵصӿֶ
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ֶһգؼŰ˵âӶȻǰ˴
ݡ
ţٶһâǾŴʯ߱
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ʯ֮ϣâ֣Ŵʱֶϵѹ뵱ķһޣŨŨοӿ
˭ܹ뵽Ǹ꣬ȴվΪ۷ĲΣΨŷ棬ܹ
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ֶؽΪߵĲΣʵ˿ڵķ棬˵Ŵת䡣
ֳֶ߲ʳǹ˴裬һַ·Ƭصѹ·ħǿ嶼ǼЩ
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˫һϣīĻϯֱӲؽֿռļѹֵ֮
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飡
ħ֮˱ǺȻļռ価ر飬һɫƣϷɿӿ
ħӶֶһ̤ǵصѤâϯѤâ֮У޾Ԫź嫵ľлص
߲ʹâΪʮӴ߲ʹ̣תħХݺݵײ档
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ضڴʱţֶѾ޷ÿݣЩ翪ĿֲõЩֻؾ۷ǿɫҰףףǵʵֻҪԴ¾ǻɢ³
֮ҲɫصңԶ֮˵Ľ֣ħʵʵӦҲ澳ĵز˵ֶǴͬĲΣֽ֣ƾ춯ء
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̫֮Դͷ֮һ㶣Ƕ̫֪֮ҲǸӦ˱֮⣬˶δӦɹ
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ؼ䣬ضĩ֮
ֶ澳ٿأħҲħ޾˼˷񽻷棬ȴɲ˿ƣ̬

߲ʳǹЯĹ⻪Ӷħǹײһһ˲ñѤâԼħӿ

ֶѤâۣǻΪһͷʮӴ߲ʾ̾ᣬ쳤Х֮쳹صÿһ䡣

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ħеԵƽϢ˶ǵ˵ͷܷʲôĿģΣûз棬أѾݡ
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ֶɫأ߲ʳǹӶ˴غѹħ
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ڶشսǰħʵлĻ
ֽõؼ䣬׵׵˻ڣ־֮ϣһƵļϲ
ԭΪƬؽΪħƿأ˭ϵķ·תת˾棬һ׵׵ظħΣ
ƬħŰأǵ԰
شսлĻһ֮У˿ʼ½½ؽɢһжػ죬Ͼпɲ٣־Уȴǻ᲻ǿ߱ĥܾúܾԺҲٶճǴ˵֮е澳
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