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ħʦ
ߣ˵㵵

ݼ顿
      ǶôĶʦöôǿĶ켼ܣöôǿĲϴװûиħĻǾ


1 ¸ħʽ
һԭϦһƬƵСݣʱֱһ㵭ɫԡ
ȻһڿһɫĻߣ˲ϢѾʮ֮⡣
߻ûʧʱһٴλһɫ
һͣʱӶݣֻ΢ͣһ£Ѿٴһ
ڿٶԽԽ죬еɫҲԽԽ࣬ȻЩɫôշתŲȴʼնһķΧڣûһΧ
ͺһεǽڵǵȥ·һ
ģЩ򳤻ֱ̣ɫڿлཻ֯γһޱȵͼ
˼ͣ
еɫͼȻǵõһ㣬й߶뱬ȸղŻҪϼֵĹâѾʧȥȵļҲͬ»
һʱ䣬ԭ谵Сݱҫ۵⣬ǽǵĻҳ˺֡
Ȼһɫ¡
ǡڴʱȻֶֻһȴûпµĵ·ŸղŻЩɫߵ˻ȥ
һεٶȱȸղҪ˺ܶࡣֻһգ۵ĹѾŹߵ˻㣬һʹʧ
ƺǵõʲôźһ㣬ʧͬʱеɫҲ밵ȥ

³һ
̧ͷһ۴⣬ִ˿̴ѾЩڡ
ļֻѾ㡣
֪ûиһЩʣˡֹһ䣬ҡҡͷǡ
ͷһǰʣ°˫ոµƤѥԱߣڷſʽһģһľʮ˫Ƥѥ
濴Ļģͻᷢʮ˫Ƥѥ϶ŵ⡣
иħʦȻһϳǸħƤѥٶȵЧ
Ĺǰһ˫ѥȫħɹ
һԴ͵˦˳ȥ¼оٴοʼѾ˾ʮεĶ
ٴ𡭡
ʮӺڰһ˫Ƥѥħϣһ
תͷ⣬ִʱϦѾȥĹâѾתΪ˵ƹ⡣
ӣƤѥת뿪Сݡ
٣ˣ
һ߳СݣһԲϵȴʮмֵ٩
ţˡ˸񡣡˹ʦûô
㶼ûôߡ
÷塤˹˸ۣȻһһӹߣһͷܽСݡ
Ƭ̺˳ֻжֻƤѥŵġ
ô£÷塤˹ʡ
һֻƤѥϿ˿жʱһ
ֻƤѥϵɫâЩһֻҪһֻ˲١
ȻΪһֻƤѥϵĸħЧµġ
һʼҾ͸߹ˣһ˫ƤѥǳǷģħЧһҪã㿴˹˶ֻɫΪƤѥֻƤѥЧԲô࣬һ۾ܿˡѵҰֲдƷȥǷôòӦõĳҲˣҪ˵˳ǷСû£ҿɾͲˣ
˶촽ȴﰵ̾һûг
ʵֻƤѥ֮Ĳ죬ڸħʦеȷԣһȴԲô׷ֱ
ҾһֻƤѥϵĸħЧãҲȫԽж㸲ʽħ˷һЩϺͶһЩˡ
зĻλڷѧԺܶѧС顱Ͱס÷塤˹ʦһ಻۵СëʱԿĻ
˵ϾԼʧ󣬱ڵˮƽֻǽиħƤѥٶô򵥵ĸħĻʮİղƫ
֮һֻƤѥ⣬ڻƺΪʱˡ
ȻΪԼ˴ǾҪʵϡ
ûѧжΡ
ûг˹üëƺЩ⣬һתȻЦ
ҷֵ磬ֻҪ¸ħһξˡ˹ͷһСص˵ͷСӽʣµĲϵ٣฽ħһҲûʲôءͲǮˡ
˹ʲô鶼ûзһһֻƤѥСݣ漴ӻͳһСӸ׼ˡ
û˹ͻȻðġ󷽡ʾʱϷ˷һͼֽݸ
ǡؽӹͼֽһһǸħؼס̵ͼ
ԣ滹иħʽӦĲϽܣûȥúо¡
⡭⡭˹ʦ˵ħҪȵǶ꼶ʱѧô
ȻҪ̸ǵģڸʲô⡣˹ʼ磬ٺһЦûȥúоħҹƺܿͻõˡ
ܿͻõɻس˹һۣٳСݣͷٶʡ
ǡֻƤѥ
Իȥˡ˹⡣
һͷ˹뿪


2 
߳˹ҵĴź⿪ӣȷװŵԼӦõʮöңŰʮöСطƷڲĿڴٺ·ƷߵĿڴȷ漸öͭҵĴڣȻѧԺʳõķȥ
ѧԺʳõʱѾǽӽߵ㣬ʳѾûʲôѧͬʱеĴڶѾرգֻʣ¼۷ĴڻճӪҵ
û⼸һֱۣʳм䴩ʳúŸ
٣һΪ첻ء
һţһͰĿ˹ȥ
٣裬ҽЦкһ
Χֵʮ꣬˵ѾηѧԺʳô賤ʮ꣬ΪһЩʣµķ˳ۣƶѧǵϲ
ֳһףֱһ衣
иֲʽһ̵ġĺòޡ
ͳöͭ裬ųһʳõĲ̣Ҳȥֱ浽ЩˣҨһ׵̣Ȼȥʳõһ䣬ͷ
ȻΪ̫ѾˣԵýζֻͺܶ˲ͬȻӶֱУȴһֱϸʣûаȵӡ
ȵѲķ˳Եøɸɾ̱涼ճӰʱͣ
ƿ̣վ˼Ȧ߱һЩ첲֮չ˷ȵȷȫһ£ó˹ղŸͼ
ֻǽʳûĵƹ⿴һۣüͷ
ղ˹ʱֻͼǸħؼס̣ûʲôӡ󡣵һϸͷ֣ͼķѾԶԶԤ롣
Ȼ֪ͬȼĸħУħؼϵȻȸħƤѥϵҪ࣬ȴû뵽һħѾôĲࡣ
һٴΣѾޱĸħƤѥٶȣϵħؼס̣Եͼϡ
ħƤѥٶȵı׼ͼֻܼʮߣϵͼȴȷʮ֮ࡣ
Ȳ˵סߵҪĶپܹƳЩ߾Ѿͷˡ
֮⣬ħ븽ħƤѥٶȵǵһķԸħǼ˷硢ԡ
ԵĸħڸħʦҪȻȵԵĸħߵöࡣ
ڸħƤѥٶȵʱֻҪעøħߵ򼴿ɣֻҪĸħ󲻳⣬ħͲʲô⡣
ڸħؼסȴãΪħУħʦһߵףǻм䲻ͣر任ԣԸħʦͶԪ֮ĿкܸߵҪ
ѡһεسϣڵˮ׼Ҫħ󣬲Ǽ׵¡
Ȼײܡ
˶񣬷Ȼոһ˫Ƥѥĸħȴʣ࣬һ棬֣ʳָ̽ϡ
ħؼסӹ̵ͼУһ߱Ϊԡ
ʳָðһ˿΢΢Ļƹ⣬ʳõƹڸ£ע⿴Ļֲˡ
ͼУһһʮֱߡ
ʳָˢػ·
ͼУڶ߱Ϊԡ
ʳָһ٣΢ɫĹâתΪ
ͼС
һ߿ͼһʳָϻտʼʱʳָٶȼΪʱ򻹻ͣǵ˺棬ָٶԽԽ죬Ȼżͣ٣˵ѾԳƵ
٣ڸʲôأ˻Ͻ
ͼʱһŮȴƾӲק˳
裬ǡ
ʲôϽһȥʳҪˡھԶĵطлż裬ƺڽࡣ
֪ˡŻعͼպã˫һ׼뿪
ҪΣ趸ȻǸպһ룬ȴȻֹ
ΣĪس˳裬ȴ۾һĲš裿ôˣ
ᰡôܡ䣬һۣڰ֡ˣû£Ͻȥɡ
Ŷżķ쭣ŵģϽӦһҴ뿪ʳá
뿪ʳãƺԥһ£ղǸǰʹϰ˰
ף֣ͻˣôȴôʵ
ƺЩţʹ˰ȻƷ粻
İѵ˭͵͵޺ˣü룬벻ͨԭ򣬸ɴҲ롣ˣûġ˰ˣϢһ¡
ѵŲԼβϡ
䡭


4 ̵
٣һȥȥ֣
һÿε¿һ죬ڻζղſϵĽʱһִֻļ
ͷһӳһͷֻɫë
ס£ڷѧԺõѣҲΨһһԳΪѵˡ
֣ʲô֣ʡ
˵ʿԺһҪо벻ȥһ˷ܵػش
ʿԺ˾ǲǺôЩ֡
ѧԺһۺѧԺ˸ħʦԺ⣬жʿԺħʦԺȸѧƣȻЩԺУҪԶʿԺѧΪöĶѧԺΪˡ
ÿξʦһԿĻȫŻвѧ
οɲһ˵ξ˶꼶ļһ˵ԭڶʿѧԺܸߣҾҪǴĻһܾʡ
̲ס˿һۣһôڶʿ֮ľﵱȥʿԺѧʲôħ
ֵεľ˵꼶ѧΪѾѧԺ˺ü֮꣬䶼Ѿ˽⣬ԶԷʵҲ֪ûбҪ£˻һ
ѧԺӽһʱ˵ĸ־ֻһ꼶߶꼶ѧ֮䡣
һ룬ҡҡͷ
˵ףʿԺѧǽоֹʲô¡
ҡͷ׶ʱһʧҾ֪СӲȤˣһһȥ˵ʲôٴδļ򡣡ˣôǲֱ˹ϼһץȥѿˣ
ѣʮҡ
ʮңЦһ˵Ҳ̫Լ˰ɡʮҾֵÿȥǸϼһæһ磿ÿϲЩ߰㣬ҪҵĻͺַˣס
ЦЦû硣
Ϊѣһֱ˹˰ʾѧҲ˹ôҲֻ˵˵ˡ
Ϊ򱧲ƽȥ˹ͻȻҵݹ㲻ڻ֪δչ¸ѧѧѡ
ο˹ĹȻͲߣÿεĹȴ˷ḻģû취ڿϵõĸħʵ顣
Ȼȥ֣ȥ׼ʲôȥʡòᡭĸСԼ᣿
ûôġٰһۣʼʰ׼뿪ҡȥ̵תһ£ûܸɵĹ
һ㵣㲻˵⿿˹Ĺܴչѧڵѧô
˿һۣҲһֱʣ
˵ձֱ뿪ҡ
Сʱ̵ֵĽͷ
Ϊ첢ĩֵ磬̵ϵ˲࣬Ӷͷĵһ̿ʼÿһʾĵ涼ûзŹ
ЩҪôҪʱ̣ϰ˵㵽ϰ˵㣬Ҫôн̫ͣһֻʮңÿ±˹Ρ
̵ֵͷһ̵ֱֵͷȻһĶûп
һӹʱ˵ʮһ㣬н顣
Ѿһˣ룬ǽȥȻʱɾ˷ˡ
飡
ԱһҵźȻһ죬һԼʮˤŶ
˵ģʮǱϱȴǷŭͷָǼҵŭϼһһúƵ͵գ
Сӣٸ˵һ飡һֺӴű˻Ҫֵ˳ָˣҪŭһ¾˷ҽӽʮҵĲϣ£ŲҰȥԺһûһҸħҹ㣿
ħһĿɨǼҵϷ
ظħƷ꣬һҾӪħͬʱ˸ħ̵ꡣ
˱˵һ֪ͨ棬֮ûлڣһ޷Ȼصͷ뿪
˿뿪ķ򣬺ȻйƤһ㣬ڵϣȻ̾һ
СӶˣԺҪҸħô죿һȻֺգڵһվģ߾ˣٹһһħʦͲ
˵ת󲽿ȥ
߽ţֻԥƬ̣ȥ
ӵĿǵҪһħʦȻ֪ҪĸħʦʺԼĹҪȡһµġ


5 һ˫ħƤѥ
ףСôҡӿ˽ΪǸȥתŭΪЦλˣҪʲôС۴һĸָħϣֻҪõӦоС
ҿһȦС߸ľÿľֳַͬСĽӽϰٸӣıǩӦöһħϡ
աѧ˵ֽ½֪̽һħܼԼİ֣ٶһϵĻ˵һӦоҲΪ
ʡǲһħʦʵ
ţһ㶣漴Ӧղſˣ
ͷ
ӶʱɫһĿ˼ӡ
ûҵȷһħʦСһϴ·ӦǸħԺһ꼶ѧɣƾһһ꼶СӾӦƸĸħʦҲ̫Сħʦݹ˰ɣ
ûΪӵӶı䣬򶨵شûҵȷǷѧԺһ꼶ѧûͨħʦʽˣѾճѥϵϵĴ󲿷ָħʽͬʱͷϵϵȼϵһָħʽؼϵĸħʽ֮⣬󲿷ֵһħҶԶɡ
΢΢ݡ
Ŷ㻹ǸСӣΪ⿿յЩһħʽܹ﹤ô㣬ҪСµĸħ϶﹩ӦзǵҪиħһʱҲ뵽꣬ǷѧԺ
˹Ǿô̲ס롣
СͦķϣҾһԺˡ
֣߽ҡ
һţΪԼһ˹ڵСݡ
صһħϣԼɢڿһƤѥ
ЩϺһԵļǷĲݸƮҶ̡ЩƤѥʽҲһģһ
һ˫ƤѥǰȫħٶȣҪ㲻ᡣҸ׼һٶʮݲϣ⻹Ļ͸ֱӹҾͿǹ㣬ûУ
ɫֻھҪЦˡ
ⲻǺĹȫһô
һ˫Ƥѥħıꡭ
ɣĻҲ⣬ҪǲСߺߡ
˼ɵҲóֻҪ⣬һҪ׹ˡ
ⲻ⣿ϲ
ƫƫûһֻǵ˵ͷʼԲϽзϡ
ģӽסĵװЦ
ĶѡϵʱҲûκβӦȷʵ˵ħʽĻӦܹһ˫Ƥѥĸħ
׹ɡ
ӵغ뿪ҡ
һ
һСʱҵűƿ˳
ôͲͷô¶һı顣˰Ϊʲôϲ˵أ˵˵˼˫
˫һۣҡҡͷ˰
ˣɴ۾Ƭ̺ʲôЦһ㣬Ц˵˵Сӣ顭鷳㴵ţҲҪе޶Ⱥòãһ˫ħƤѥٶȣһСʱͶˣЦˣ
ûдţҲûпЦָָҡȷˡ
ı棬Цݣۣ첽߽ҡ
һţ˲סˡ
ûҵĵذڷźһ˫΢ƤѥӿһۿЩƤѥѾȫħɹ
ǸСӣȻһСʱھͰһ˫Ƥѥħϣ
ȻħƤѥٶֻǸһħһħв̫ӵһϾһ˫Ƥѥ
ƽĻСǲһӾܸħһ˫
ֻ¾弶ħʦͬ飬ҲδܴﵽͬЧʡ
ǿ϶ﲻ
弶ħʦʲôôỨʱϰЩͼħ
СЧô죬ò͵˰ɣ
Ӷּ˫Ƥѥ
ɨۺӵһα
ȻӪһҸħϵ꣬ʽĸħʦڳڵĶѬĿȾ£ԸħǵͼħѾнʶ
ԿóЩƤѥϵĸħһģһûκ
ɣǸСӸǸħʦһ˫ѾħɹƤѥȻʹþһ˫ѡ
ȻϴʵƤʴֲڸиӣһ˫Ƥѥɾʲô񣬶ʵڵĶ
Ҳ˵ǸСӾȻħһ˫Ƥѥκβζʲô


6 ʧ
ħЧҪȡ桪һϣڶħʽͼǰḶ́Ҳͨ˵ĸħ
Уǲϡħʽͼһ̶ֵʽҪһģһѡ
㣬ҲҪһ㣬ħĹУǲϡħʽͼһÿһħʦԡǿͬͬĲ죬ͬһħʦڽͬһħҲΪħжĿƳֲ
Ҳ˵һħʦظиħпܵĸħЧǿп֣ܳصһʧʡ
ʧʣ뵽һ㣬ӵĿתԱʣµĲϡ
һ
Ȼжʮݲϣ
ôܣ
ε鼸ɾ
һٶʮݲϻʣ¶ʮݣǰһ˫ƤѥȴѾħɹҲ˵
ǸСӾȻʧʣ
Ԥ˶ʮݵĶϾѾΪˣΪħʦħĹУΪǿȵľУΪֲʧҲߡ
ܹħָܱ߳ɹʵģֻרһָֻħĸħʦܴﵽ߼ĸħʦҲܴﵽûм
ʧʣȴû˵
һĿʣµĲɨȷԼû°ÿһ˫Ƥѥһ飬ȷ˸ղŵĹ۲Ҳûг⣬ȻǿԼ侲
һ˫ƤѥħƤѥٶȣʧʣȫͬĸħЧ
СһǸţ
еóۡ
ȻħƤѥٶֻһһħȫƲѣκһ߼ĸħʦֻҪĻӦöͬ顣
ǸСֻʮ궼ûôС;ȻѾﵽˮƽĳҶħʦѧ
Ȼܡ
ҶħʦѧôܴŴôᡣ
ҡҡͷ˲²ʵݵ뷨ֱ߳ҡ
ϵı飬һ
ӣԼĹƺ⡣
㡭ʲô֣
ӵĵһһ㶡
ҽأʡ
ţãͬѧûɡҸղżˣĹɵûȻЩ覴ãҲѵˡ
˿ӵĿϣӶˡ
ȷ㿴ģҵĵҪһħʦɿίеĸħұϣļһħʦģΪһֱڽµĸħأղżĹҸı뷨룬ҲҿԿļרŸһħίУô
ǰһרŸһħ⹤ֱΪİ
æͷʵû⣬ֻǲ֪ꡭ
Ҳ㣬ˣǼƼΣ
Ƽ
Ƽ˼ǰɵĸħ㱨꣬ÿһθħ㶼Զһݱ꣬Ͷãô
üͷʲôƼܹƽʵȴкܴ⡣
ͬһħÿһָħѶȺҪĵľԼҲǲͬģ總ħƤѥٶȵȷ򵥣ħؼסȴҪӶˡ
ͬѶȵĹȴͬı̫꣬͵ĻȻǳ㡣
ǡ˵һ˵ıô
һθħʮͭңÿٴθħһңͬʱÿһٴθħҶһһʮݲϣĲϹ㣬ĲҪԼǮһµĹĻһӵѡһٿ˵һϣôô
ͷ
һθħʮͭңһٴθħʮң˹ࡣ
вͬҪɵĸħܰѶԸߵĸħкܶ฽ħûȫա
˹ܻȫ˸ħٸķҪ˲١
ǷҲͬ棬ܹÿζųߵĸħɹʵĻôÿθħп벻ٵĲϡ
Ȼһϲֵ̫ǮЩϾȥԼԺϰħҲǷǳõѡ
ÿµĽⲻĻһ仰ʱ
ôĻھǩԼɣûлشӼջ󡣡﹤ĺôʱɣһ˵ÿֻһΣڻ۵ĹСȻƽʱʲôʱС
һ仰ص˵ͷ
ô˵ڱϾǷѧԺѧվҪѧҵΪءȻǮѧѺҪ˵ѧҵǿɾǱĩˡ
ܺãȻͬˣǩԼɡǱϷһӹ̨ͳһļͷƺͿ˼£Ȼݸϸɡ㲻ϸҲУҿɲƭôѧ
ûӣӹļϸϸ飬ŵ˵ͷ
ˣǾǩɡӵݹһֻʣָָļ·
ȵȡƿӵ֡ղ˵ˣղŵĹĻͬḶұꡣ
һ˵һ˫Ƥѥ
ͷ
Сôô̰ơֹһ鲻Ըشӹ̨ͳһңʮݸıꡣ
ЩĲϡ
۾һɣǻûǩԼأ
ֻñ죬Լɨһ飬ȷûǩԼ֡
ܺãȻѾҵĹԱˣôҵҲӦø㣬ˣҽάأĸħ̵ϰ塣ǩ֣ԭͰ׵ЦֺǵһһЩҪ㣬úüšȣȻǸħԺѧôӦ֪ħϵıܺҪҲϣδҵͬҶЩϡ
ͷһȻᴥ
ΣȻǷĸħ̵꣬ôԱһҪע⡣´ʱٴôˣȻÿ˿ỳɱʵ
ͷ˳ϷѧԺħԺһ꼶ı׼Ʒƣ·ʲôúġ
ΣͻȻӵίУҪɹʱһʱϹõ󣬲Ȼʧı۳
ΣʱעԼǼظħƷһԱʱעΪҲӦˣıȻ͸ߡ
Ρ
Ρ



7 
Сʱĵ߳ظħƷꡣ
ôҲû뵽ӾȻ˵£Ǹעһֱôá
ҺֻÿһζѣҪһֱĻ
ԼǳղˤŴߵǸˡ
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һ£벻մӼǸþһʡ
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šظħƷꡯġ
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÷˹ͨΪ½ϵһֵĸħʦǵħʦзͨķ󣬿ʹһЩϽһ𣬷ӳرãøħѧȫµѧƳ½ϡ
÷ϣ֮⣬ſ÷ȻʵȴзֺͿ˸ħѧɴ˸Լħѧϣ
ͨ˵仰Ǹħʦ֮ʺĻ
ǰҲǸħʦ
ӦǿԼϵƷ˵İɡ
Ƴһۣʳָڿлһͼ
ԸʡƤŵԷԶ
ʡƤŵиħʦΪʦˡ
ΪŬԭΪ÷˹ĳֶչȴԵޱȵĸħһϸϸϵͳĻ֣֮󣬸ħΪһѧʣһרְҵ
ʡƤŵԷָͨԼԹɸħѧƶһϿɵķ򣬴Ӵ˰Ѹħѧ򡢿ٵķչ֮С
Ļش˺ֳһЦݣٴͷļظħƷȥ
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ƺǻƽʱ̫һˣ̫һ飬ѵʲôرô
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ҽȥ˿Сˣûʲôܰæġ
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һöңհҶУԱߺȻһЦ˵СӣûǮͲҪװ󷽣һöҲ˼ó֡
һֻɫҰףͬצ˹ָſһƬɫ¡

Ĭûʮöҡ
תͷȥֲ֪ߵģԭֹһˣֻͷȻǸղŶʮöҵһ
٣СӣʲôǲûôҰʮöҵļһ￴ӦҲͶʮͷֻɫǳܰܡ
ûƣؾһ
Ļжȴʵʵڵļﶪʮöҽȥ
ʮöңԼҲӦ˿Слл
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ԣңҵļλѵ֪ҶЭҪصظļһһصڸղţѾؾʮöҡڣСκηԸĻҺҵҲضƴǡ
ʮöңͬ˿Сֺһ仯ҲûСŶЭллˡô˿СȻתȺ¡һɡ
˵ͷת뿪
˿С
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һӿ˽Ų


8 ľϵʵ
¡һ˿װ޲ϺƺƵƶסʱʵԶ¡˵ĸΪء
ԭķӾֻüľ׵شûκγصʩûжôܵķ©ʱ´꣬Сꡣ
ھЩӵľ弸壬ŵݶľ弸һС붼ֱӶϿҲеڵĹܡ
پһͬĻһƬӽҲûݶ
ʲôأʼɻˡ
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ΪЭҲܲá¡һۣε̾һӦ֪ǸһƬƽԭûκʯϳҪڷǸʯͷӵĻ˷Ѿͺܸˡ˿СǰǵʱǺϸһ£ַʵ̫ߣЭҲûа취
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˰ķ㿪ʲôЦľҪôӲǻʲôľ塣
ǣС쿪ʵɻɡ

һȺ˺Ц¿ʼͷ޲ݶ
ȴһľʯͷһӲ
һһľ壬񣬸ӦһڲڻζһʳóԷΡ
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ԼӺջʳָ
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Сӽ췢˰ɣҸղſľϻȥҲ֪ʲô

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Ŀ԰ѸħؼסľϵĻô㲻ľʯͷһôӲȴҲһܹľĳأֻǱˢһ¾ͻֶѡ
˹ĸħʽħؼסҪĸħϲ
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ʱֻʮݸħؼס̵ĲϵĻҪʮöҡǰܻҪԥһ£ǽոҵһ¹ԼıʮöһǸġ
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У֮⣬ûۼħʦиħʱΣǿĥϾѾ̾ѣȵʳָһɫɫĹâЩ̾Ǳ˾̾


9 ɹ
ħḶ́˿Ѥʵġ
˵ѹȴԶȿҪöࡣ
ΪϵĲϱͲ࣬ټһȫԼ˷κһϣӲһθħʧܡ
ֻŴ˹õħؼס̵ĸħʽͼһʱҲǸոհЩѣʹòϵĸħϰ⻹ͷһΡ
ħʦ֪һʹòϸħóɹֻûһ˻šĶڼصиһ˫ƤѥħٶʱҪ˺ܶ࣬ÿһ·ĻƣÿһβϵãÿһԵתҪͼһģһȻһθħͺпʧܡ
һ߻ͼһ߻ҪŲеԪ֮ľϻͼѹν
ĶͷϽһ㺹飬Ȼһ𣬱һŶĺΣ˳°ͣٴ°ͼϵȥƶӲϡ
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˹˵üֵȷڸħһؼʱ̣ðҪȻ»Σա
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һƹʳָͣµĵطأмɫٱɻɫ˱任Σʮâľһ˸ɫâͼһʧ

һһ¶ͷϵĺ飬ع
һνиħؼס̵ĹԶҪѵöࡣ
ͼ⣬еѵģȻǰδᵽĶĿ⡣
ǰħһʱ䣬Ҳ쳣棬һֻһθħЩֲ֧סһ
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ƽʱĶθħ˺ܶʵ飬ȻٶȻܰħɹسȥ
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Ϊħؼס̵ʮյҪӦǸħƤѥٶȵңʵʿʼħʱ֣ĵٶԶȽиħƤѥٶȵʱҪö࣬ħʱĵֻǸħƤѥٶȵʮֹ
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Щ⣬˺ԱǸļһһôԸȴôࣿ
ˣԼ֪еġ
һѺõЦݣľ壬ʳָȥ
һιȻҪȸղſ˺ֶֻܶ࣬ͳɹθħмûκγ
ԱߵֻܿӦñȸղɣ˹ȴдһ
óղеһθħʱ򣬺ԸԸħؼס̸żͣٵĶͼûм
ǵڶθħȻԵ졣Ȼ죬ȴǳȫûղֹһͣ١
٣ǽǰɣܺôȵڶθħ˹˴˹ȥ̸
ģüͷָָǰľ塣һй
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˹˵ָƶɫɫĹâ׷ҫٶȼԼǰȻյħơ
ʮ˹˾Ѿָͣ
ͼһħɡ


10 Կ˹
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Ͼǳɹ˲ô˹˿˿ϵ·ʣӦǷѧԺѧɣ
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ңǿ˹ѧԺ꼶ѧ˹¶һЦݡʵԻͬѧƺ
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Ÿħһ
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ðɣҲǿʲôɡ˹»Цݡ˹ѧԺĻһ߳ϻӭ
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صδʱ䣬ûڴϢһֲһ½ĵľȴԼҲ˯š
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֮⸽ħΪⶫֵ⣬Ƕʵá
һħʦҪո߼ħһõĸħǱƷ
ħʦڽиħʱҪ̾ͨƲеԪ֮ȻЩԪ֮ͼʾÿһ·ϡ
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ײЦΪǣϸ׵ļ⣬һڵ
εҡҡͷ
ΪһǲСĸ˭˳ͻʤӵԸ񣬵Ҳϡ档
ôһ˵ȥƶʿԺЩѧ˵ʲôòÿ
ʿԺѧľԼ˵شΪϵڷԺ
ѭšʿûеڶԭĶʿԺ˵ʤҪ
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׺ؽӹĴ򿪸ͿĨ
ҳȥúϢ
׵˲ûд󰭣һ뿪ᡣ


11 ʽħ
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¡ͷǵ͵ӡ
ͷΪܵڴĴײ涼Ѿ˱Σз洦Ϊڶ޸Ρ
޸ıϾǰͬǱڸͷϵĸħЧҲ֮ı䣬ΪħЧȫʧ½йθʽħ
Ϊģʵͷ⣬ǡǡʽħ
ΪħǸħʦñԼͼãǿưѲеԪ֮װϣӶ𵽸ԤеĸħЧΪ˸ħЧĳñ֣ЩԪ֮ͼԼ¼ʧܶʱװѾȫΣħЧȫʧħʦһ֪Ԫ֮
Ҳʹһ⣬ħʦڸװиħʱеĹǰͼеԪ֮װܽװϻһħԪ֮ƱػθħӰ졣
ԼÿͬһװϽһθʽħħѶȶһθħŸʽħߣָпܼǡ
ȻߺľѶ߱Ҳûĸħʦܹ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ΪÿθʽħѶȶǳɱôһڶθʽħʱѶȴħʦܽܣģθʽħʱѶȼѾȫ˴ħʦ
ߵѶȱȻߵʧʣòĲȥȡǼ͵ĳɹܣֱװһµģ¸ħ
ȽҪѵĳɱҪ͵öࡣ
˵ŵ۹Ҷħʦŵʮһݲһ㸲ʽħ½
ҲΪһεʵձħʦΪҶħʦ
ڸһ˿֪̽ȥܵԪ֮
¡ͷǰ׽йٴθħ
֪ͷһμʱѾһθħΪ¡˾¸ͷ½һθħ
Ҳ˵ҪͷϽиħĻҲǵΡ


12 㸲
㸲ʽħô
üͷȻ塣
ͷϵĸħһħħ฽ħһ࣬ҲΨһһյϵħ
ֻǳθħǶ㸲ʽħĻоԵɡ
Ȼһνиʽħʱһ㸽ħʧܣΪԸħʶҪһǿ˺ܶ࣬ٽж㸲ʽħû⡣
㸲ʽħѶȴǱȶ㸲ǻҪҲȷԼܲС
һڻͳһȫӨͨ͸ƹ»ʹâϸ
Ӣʯħ
˹͵ĸħİ£ϣθħɡ
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ţŶŶ׼ˡ׼ʼħ¡˸߲ҵػͷԼĹ﷭һóСݸ
ôࣿӹӵ˵ߣȻ
ţݲϣҲϵ˵ҵĸͷǰħֱӸݲϣ˵ҿ϶õϡҲ֪˵öԲԣ͸ɴȫˣҲ˶Ǯ¡ֵػش
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˵¡ϵһ˵õҲûΪʽħ׼ݲϸ࣬ˣΪʽħʧʵںܸߡ
ǼǸħʧˣһθħȴȻװһЩԪ֮ԽĸħһЩӰ졣˵ʽħõһαֱӳɹȻԽжΣѶȱԽ
ŵڳ㸲ʽħʵʱһ׼һټһģһģѾйĲ㸲ʽħװȻÿһγʧܺ󣬶ѡȡһװٴνʵ飬ڳԵʮһװʱóɹ
ŵĲûС
ο¡Ҳһٱһģһĸͷ顣
ڽ´Ӧ¡ίʱֻ׼һζѡΪڵˮƽڵһξͳɹĻôͼܳɹ
Ƕ˵¡׼ݲȫûбҪ
˵ãû취֤ɹֵʧˣա
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ʲôѲϵ飬ͷҲ̧طʡ
ܲθħɺҵĸͷһЩʵϲҲУҪܷ
ܷȻ̧ͷ
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˰Σ˲¡˼
װħΪͼװϵԪ֮ԵʣܻٵʾһЩԣԵľǻһЩ֡
ɵĸħƤѥٶȣɸħƤѥϾͻ᷺ײ΢΢⡣
ħӷɱ֮⣬ḽӾйӹ⻬Եøӷ
ʵЧû̫ʵ壬ֻħʦоһЧ󣬻Ҫħ˲һϵ㣬ջǱ
¡˵ģȻЧǿһЩΪͷԺҲʹãֻȻȻϣÿһЩ
Ⲽ¡뷨ȴִµ⡣
ʽħʵҲ࣬һװϸϺǰһλ߼һģһĸħһǸϺǰͬĸħ
Զ׼ҪǸϲͬĸħĻΪòϵĲͬͼĲͬħʦܵǰ渽ħӰȻҪö࣬ȻѶҲҪöࡣ
˵ͷϸͬĸħһĵĻôڸͷϽһȫͬĸħһĶûС
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ţһöңʲô˼
ܸ㶨ĻҾ͸һöңô
һ
һöң
˹ڼæµһҲܽʮöңֻҪһθħܻһöң
ѵ˿ĭǿԼ侲˲¡һۣȻһ⡣
ôָͷĻﲻȥҸ߼ĸħʦ
¡ڨڨջָֺѵõسһ˿˼ҹǸħԺʦҲҹĸħʦҪ̫ˣԡ
˻۾һɡ
ٺ١ٺ١¡ֻɵЦ
˰룬ǽίС
ɹ˾һöңʧҲûʲôʧĵ;ˡ
ο˻һѵõ㸲ʽ졭ָħ飬ĸħѧϰǺаġ
ֽʡ¡֡
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ˡ
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ȵ¡ֽʻصᣬȻ滹źüˡ
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ҵͬѧ˵Ҫֳħ˵Ҫιһ¡
ιۣɨǼһļһһۣ붷ʿԺһôһƵĺôǿ
뵽ףȻ뵽ʿԺԭ򣬿һΧôˣ֪Ҳʣ°ѹ˻ȥ
ιۿԣϣǱְһ仰㸩ʿʼֽϻ
Χ۵ļֻһֽϱһӷͼ
Ǹħͼ
ӦߣܶӦߣҲܶӦԪػ·ǲܶ
۾ͼһһߵؼȥ


13 Ķ
Ϊ¡ҪҪͼһСΧĸĶԴħеЧ
ס
ħʦҵӳֵѾ꣬ӲʡƤŵѸħϸĻֹɿʼҲѾİٶꡣӲʡƤŵʼÿһµͼĳ֣ᱻܶ฽ħʦϸоŻ
İٶķչ󣬼ͼѾŻģѽиĶ
еͼУһħʹô࣬ԼÿһһħͼѾۺħʦоᣬԳƵͼΡ
Ҫô฽ħʦĻϽиı䣬ȫԳƵǳ˵Ρ
ȻǿԴҪͼǽһССĸĶԻпܵġ
ÿһħӦͼȻǷǳƣΪ˶ӦͬÿһͼҲħʦиĶڻøǡЧ
ҪģǸĶħı׼ͼ
ֻϾֻһħԺһ꼶ѧӴħʱҲ㳤Ǿ˹°æĻֻͬѧһڻͣڼͼϰ׶Ρ
ˣĶͼ˵ҲΪѡ
ħͼܼʮߣһطȥȷʮǾԲܶģӰħ
ʣµľߣȴҲȷܲܶ˺ֻʲô
һ̽һڵ־һʱϢѾָĲˣ̧֣ʳָϻ
ôġʧܡ
ʧܡ
ʧܡ
ߡʧܡ
ʧܡ
⡭ʧܣ

Ҳ֪ٴʧܺڳɹƳɹһͼȴʧ÷֣εͼȻǳɹˣɵЧȴǸûУȫͲ¡Ҫ෴
̾˿
ʧܡ
ʧܡ
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ǲʧܺȻǰһ
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һͼ꣬һϵĹâȸղŸ
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ջعͷ׼ѯʲ¡ȴָղŻ²Ҫι۵ļѾ֪ʲôʱʧˣ¡һȻ˯ˣ
ͣĶ˵ܹؼ˿ҲֻǲͣظʳָϻȦȦѣҲѹȺ˲ͷۿȥ
Ҳãû˴ˡ
ЦҡҡͷѡһݲϵƺãȻȡӢʯְڸͣһŸŵԪ֮
Ƭ̺Ӣʯڲһ㣬еԪ֮㱻һȡڰתת
ԸоԪ֮ӢʯҪǰ۰˲١
һȻ㼴еĸħһЩ
˹˻Ǵ󷽡
еĸпһһӢʯѾڸ档
һӴ棬ֱһ
ӭһܻӭĿˣԪ֮һܵӢʯϸŵԪ֮ǿҵųⷴӦ
ӢʯԪ֮һбߡ
ԭƽʱԵޱȵĻͼ˿̾Ȼ֫ޱȼѡ
ӢʯϵԪ֮ǴеŭΰһһƴϮϳŰ⣬͸ⲻͣɢһ˿˿ֻЩԪ֮ɵϸŵԪ֮ôħڵһʱʧܡ
˲ΪʲôʽħΪʲôŲӶѶȱߡ
ΪиʽħʱħʦɸħͬʱҪͣغװԭеԪ֮пͨϻȡԪ֮ɣȻħֱʧܡ
ڱӰ춼УΪƱػӰͼĻƣӶӰħЧصĻһᵼħʧܡ
ֻǻһߣ㷢ԼĵȴȽгθħʱĵ˺ü
ľ޴⣬Ҫͬʱлͼ͵ֿϵԪ֮Ҳе쳣
ָһһ߻ϱΪϡԵЩĹâ
ǸħĿˡ
ֲͣӢʯŸղƶõͼλȥ
ֻԵĸоߵ࣬ϱŸħԪ֮ҲԽԽ࣬ԵѹҲԽԽ
ڶʮߺ󣬼ÿٻһƺںϲдԪ֮ĵԱ
Ȼͣ¶ͻƵٶȶҡ
ΪԼ˸󣬴ϲдԪ֮ͷħĴԲֹΣ
Ҳ˵ڽеģ㸲ʽħĲ㣡
࣡
ղ̽ʱעһͺˡһ˿ûڣ漴ʧ
ΪѾղԸҪǺúħ;ϵĻֻͷû취ȫԭ
㲻Ų¡ͷʱޱϧ񣬹ΪһöңҲԸʧܣ
һڽȫ
ŸԪ֮ĸʱû취ã΢һ˿Ƶٶȡ
ˢˢˢ˲ϡ
ʮ塭ʮʮߡ
Ǳ׼ĸħĻθħѾɹΪ˴ﵽ¡ҪЧͼһССĸĶרЧߡ
ˢ
ʮˡʮ
ȻһʹұһղסӢʯ
һ֪͸֧̫ѾЩӰ쵽ˡ
ۿҪɹˣôʧܣ
ҧûУȴƴѰκοܴڵ
Ȼʧط֣ڽ粻ڼصĵйһ˫Ƥѥĸħƶʮľ帽ħʣ޼
ȻмϢһʱ䣬θħҪԶԶԤʵѾ֧Ųȥˡ
ѵʧܣ
ӢʯڸԽԽг˲ʡ
ڴʱȻо֫ʼһ˿˿Ԫ֮תڣؿڣǻһޱȸӵ·һȦת֣Ӣʯ
·ʲôµһ㣬ԭ˰һϮͼŸħԪ֮˲ϢȫҲκβ
Ӣʯڻ󲻵һָľ롣
һ΢ɫĹâӰͣµĵطʼͼٺˡ
Σһ
θħڳɹˣ
âתϣͼһ漴΢ȴ˵ĺâ
ղŻ޹ĸͷ˿̾ȻԵޱȷ


14 ѧԺ
飡
һƨڵϡ
θħĸɾ˳Ҳһĸɾ
һԱڴ˯Ĳ¡һѣ̧ͷãȻؿһۣٿͷ󣬺Ȼֱֱ
ۣ̫ˣֱҵһμһģһ¡˷ܵŸͷȥؿ˼飬һڡ۹һҪҫ
˰󣬲¡Ӷ﷭һöңݸ
Ӧõģǿҡ
ƴһ£¡ȴѾӲκοڵĻᡣ
ЦЦҲƴǣöĿڴźá
Ȼ㶨ˣҾͻȥˡȻԼ»û졣¡һ¡
ʲô£ʣ¡ʱãϲص
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ףŶˣϻغһǸ¡ȻһԴˣСӽ꼶ļһһ٣¡ɵ³һۡѵô
ҡҡͷҵģ˵뱨Ҳ򲻹ֻиʣһ˺ǶʿԺһȺ꼶ѧܣ
¡ʲôЦһЦ
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ѧԺϡƽΪ˫ڶʿԺѧԺﶼ˺ܶǰȥۿ
Ҫ˵ǾҲ޹أֻǿ֣˭֪СӾͻȻðôһ仰
ħʦԺѧۣʿԺѧȻˣڿԱߵļ˱ѵѵ
ʱƫƫһսħʦԺѧʾͬ⿲׵Ĺ۵㣬ʿԺħʦԺһֱ࿴˳ۣһ㣬˶ʿԺѧǵŭ
ʿԺʼѵħʦԺѧ˭֪ħʦԺѧҲʡ͵ĵƣܿͽһѰֻ֡һСͻģϡͿسһս
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ЩơΪʲô
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ҿɲ֪¡ʼ硣
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ڶʿѧԺħʦԺ붷ŹѧֻǸһЩʹѡ
Ͻ붷ʿԺħʦԺüŴЩ⡣ʲô˼ȥ֪ô
ǰͷӻǿҡһԵĿ׷˸ۣȻתһˣߺȥħʹѧԺˣΪʲôȥʿѧԺԺôȥǰӴܣ
Ӵܡ
ǿסڿŤŤȥĴƨһŵĳ嶯һ䡰ڡ뿪ᣬ̵֡
ףãողŽһίУءһ˵ļһȡ
ֺȫ̬ͬЩӦʵҪʲôħ
ٷݸħƤѥٶȣ϶ᣬٷݸħؼס̣᲻᣿
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ħƤѥٶȻ˵ΪӺ˹ǴӳǷӵίУħؼס̿˹ǰŸԼģôﶼѾӵίˣ
˵ͷ
ܺãͷӴЦһļȻҡѾ׼ˣֻܽȥħС
ҹȻѾ߰ں˫ƤѥټӲףԼѸָĸħϡ
⻹һһ¼ôȴħװ͸ħϣסЩ㶡
뵽ȻҪһİٴθħȱۼһԼȷϾһϵϢѾȫָҪ΢һЩ
⼸ϵؽиħȻ࣬Ҳǳа
ȷʵ֮ǰŵ׼˱׼Ķٶʮݺûмڿʼħ˼Ϊչơ
⼸Ǹħʦֲϵı׼ƣҪڸħʦгʱħǰãͬʱҲøħʦʱԼľע
Ȼܼ򵥣ȫҪȻȫȣЩ΢΢
ȵһ׼ûдѾΪϤĸħƤѥٶȿʼó˸ħؼס̵ĲϽе䡣
ΪԸħؼס̻ûȫգϣܹԼʱٴθħɿһЩɹʡ
߳ɹʣҲζԽʡĲϡ
ͼǩԼЩʣµĲϣɶС
Ƭ̺󣬲ϵϣóӢʯл˼ľϸħΣһһ΢Ļɫâ
ԤƵӢʯİħؼס̶˵Ѿû̫ѶȣΪľϵļϰħѾ˱ʵ飬ԵüΪ
ֻ˲һӣһؼױѾħϡ
ӲÿһƬɢ΢Ļɫâص˵ͷ
ȻһؼϵĸħЧûдﵽԤڣҲѾ˸ħؼס̵ı׼㹻Ϻϸı־
ٴμһڵȵط֣һθħؼסɣĵȻûƤѥħٶȶ࣡
һŵӢʯ֪һĹ͡
ȻӢʯȻԸħаЧûôԡ
ȥֻð鹦Լĸħˮƽߡ
һ˿Եãһοʼ˸ħ


15 
¡ǳãѾõ߽Ĳࡣ
٣¡Сʲôô϶Цһ仨ˡĴᡤ³˹ϿŲ¡һɵЦסʵѵѧԺ￴ļҹҪҪ״˰ף
¡ֺϺȻӹһ˿壬ҡ˫֣ûУûУᣬǧȥûˣһģ
һԱСŮһ񣬷Ц
벻ǴС첻µزµĲ¡үȻסЦˡ
ŮȻܵõļҽ̣ˡ̬鶼żΪĹ緶仰ȻסеĶëסС͵Ц
¡ԴεصԸȥ͸߼ʿƴҲԸŮӵһ𷢴Ǽֱֱȱ˼ͷܡ
Ų¡һģȴȫûͬı飬һֻģ˫Цã˭һ˴ӼܳȴҲ˵ԶҪܵҼֲǲ֪״˿һֱ˿޸ģ㲻ͬ⣬ֻðűඡ
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ԭܼ򵥣ͷǰѾйθħ
仰˵ҪͷٴθħɹħʦһĲ㸲ʽħ
Ȼŵɹһ㸲ʽħǿҲʧʮΣڵʮһʵʱ˳ɹ
һγɹҲǴһָħһָħһ㸲ʽħҲδظұ֤һξܳɹ
ȻĲ㸲ʽħѶȺ㸲ʽħѶȲͬնڸħʦˮƽȻҲܺ½֪ŵᲢۡ
ټϱһξͳɹĿ˿һҲַΪʲôûиħʦаίС
иħʦһգЩĸħʦΪԼ룬ȻҲԸȥһγɹʵ͵µίС
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ò׷ȣݺݵص¡һʲô˼
ûʲô˼˭Ǹղûҵġ¡ֺϴ˿̾ȻҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ҳû׷ʣ˿ʹɫ
˿⣬Ȼֻͬ°۾ʱг¡
¡磬͸Һòá
¡һǻƨһӵϵ˲Զ뼸˿֣ǧҪ˿Ұɣ
¡硭˿ȻüĿ续˫պߣһεģ¡
ˣ˵ˣ¡ڴһֹ˿Ķ
˿ύһһԸ¡֪ٴˣԲˬ
ǵһ̾ͱȻ
أǸħʦԺһѧ
ѧɴ۾šûɣһѧô฽ħʦɲ˵ĸħ˵¡ֲǲ֪ħжѣ
֪¡˿һۣһȥûʲôʧҾඡڽҲˣʲôŵġ
üͷһ壬һ¡֡
¡úø˵˵صʲôˣΪʲô뵽ħģ
˿˻ȥһϴģ¡ŻصԼλڡ
һʵƣʶˣ˵Ļ˹ڸħʮ䡣ôʶģŶǰǰҵĸͷˡ


16 ϸħʦ
磡
Ȼشһ硣
˳ӣеӲףε̾һ
ѹԼ˵ҪΪһǿĸħʦһҪ
ϵѾһˣȴΪһ磬¸ħ;ʧܡĻټͿԴﵽɹʰٷְ١
ˣѾþûħʧܹ͵ǲˡ
Ұοһ£ѡȡһݲϣԼʮθħ
еһؼ׸ħʱҪʱӽһӣǵȵԽԽħĺʱҲԽԽ١
ֱѾ԰һθħʱѹʮң˹ʱѾΪӽ
ԼܹﵽʱΪӢʯİ˹ȴҪħʦҲܴﵽٶȣɼ˵Ĳ໹ܴ
Ȼֲǿ֮Ĳ࣬ھ帽ħĿϣźԶ
ǿֶҪħʦµۣٳɡ
ӽӴħҲʱ䣬Ȼ̸ǿ
׺ʣµʮŷݸħؼס̵Ĳ˼չСһȦ£׼ʼƤѥĸħ
ڴʱźȻƿֺ˽
٣ףЩ׶ħˣһ۳ҵʱЩԾ
ţˡͷ
ӵĿڰڷŵټɨֳһ˿ɫָֻЦݡ
ܺãȳһ¡
Ŷ
Ӧһ뿪ҡ
ף㣿һЩĲ
ȥ
ƵĹ紦ӵ֣Ź⻬󼡷ͷҫ۵İ׷
㣿һùϵʺʺԼϸħʦ̵ӡ
ϸħʦһЦ벻Сҵĸħʦ
˼ԴֻǸһħ
㹻ˣұֻһħ
һָָԼޱȾ㵡
Ұħ
˷Ҳһħʦôûиħʦ츳ҲڱԼŽӴëͷСӲɣ
οֻ¶ֱжϳϸħʦһһΪǿĸħʦ
ûôԸ⣿
Ը⣡ȻԸ⣡ûʲôӦѾŻش
ƾְҵ˵۹һۿǮǮ
Ĳ˵ƾʶٹҳ˪Ҷ˿ƳɵĺɫۣѾСеĸħϻеʣ
Ҫ˵̤ŵ˫ƤѥɺˮеƤƳɣֵȳֻ߲͡
ϵŵװ壬ҲԴзɫâжϳһ½й嶼տʯĥɡ
ͷŵָϴŵīɫĽָؿҽϱŵ롭
Ȼϲһҿ϶ЩǷƷ
һλǰô׷Ź
Ҫʲôķ뾡˵꽫߳Ϊ񡣡Цص
ҡ
ʮöҡ
뷴ȴѾɿ˵һ䡣
ʵʵصͷ
ϸħʦЦЦûп֮ĶԻһ㡣
ʵұֻûĸħϵģȻ˵һλħٶȺܿĸħʦҵʶһ¡ϸħʦһֻû뵽Ȼ㡣
ħٶȺܿĸħʦһۣһԼˡ
ʵҸħٶȲܿ졭뵽˹ˣӦ
Σ뿴һϸħʦȻһ֪Ķóһ֧ƤѥѡΪħƤѥٶȰɣ㿴Σ
ӻ࿴һۣȻ
ħƤѥٶȣ
ûиǰ˹ĻѾ˫Ƥѥиħˣ
ɻ˫Ƥѥڵء
ϸħʦ˵ʲôҲҪԼʾһθħƤѥٶȣ
ħƤѥٶȣħƤѥٶȣ˿츽ħƤѥٶˣ
ôԸ⣿ŶˡûлشϸħʦȻԴڻһͳһöһöң͵Ѻˡ
ͬʱɴ۾
һöֻҪһθħƤѥٶȣ
Ǯ˵˼޷⡣
ֻһ£üЦȥ
ô˼ء
˭֪ϸħʦһӱûöҡ
ḽħϸħʦʡ
ᡣҡͷ
öҿɲǸġ
ϵЦһϣɨһۣ˻ȥ
ϸħʦתѽҵ˹ȥ
ȴûֽ¡
ûɸħҲա˵û˵Ҫ󡣡
Ҫ󣿡ϸħʦ۾ܺãˡ
ϸħʦƤѥ˹ȥϵıȻ
Ȼλ곤˵ĸħٶȺܿ죬ôʱʮ룬·ƫƫ壬ڵСȰٷְ٣˹ָߡ
ϸħʦһſڣ˵һȫĲ
ȴԽüͷԽ


17 Ȼ
µû˵ȷһħʦȻ֪ôֻиħʦ֪ļ
еǣȻħƤѥٶһħļҲյôϸ
ϸħʦҪκһĸħʦһΌڹΪˣΪЩҪκһѾԶԶ˸ħƤѥٶȱ׼ʽϵҪȫԳƵϿ
ȴû̫ĸо
˹ڽħƤѥٶȵʱ򣬾ԺϸħʦͬļָҪġ
뵽Щ֣Īϸħʦ˹ʲôϵȻôһ
סûУϸħʦͣʵ
ͷ
ܺãһҪ󡣡ϸħʦϺȻֳһȫͯЦݡĸħЧٵڱ׼ٷ֮ʮ
Ӷһ
ӾӪҸħƷѾнӽʮʷܹĿ˳ǧ򣬻ûĸ˻͸ħЧҪ
ǮϼһòǷˣ
ȴһ¡
ħƤѥٶȵı׼ָǸħɺܹٶȰٷ֮嵽ٷ֮ߣϸħʦղŸҪħĻôĻħЧٶȰٷ֮ʮϡ
һ㣬оųɾŵİաΨһĲܰյһɣҲֻȻ뵽˸ղǸѡ
ϸħʦȴٵڸħ׼ٷ֮ʮҲ˵յĸħЧٶȰٷ֮ġޡ
ٴüͷҲһ
ôܲϸħʦٴʵ
ûش𣬵ͷʼ˼
ղŸħʦĲҪͼ͸ħʽҪҪħЧĻƱҪӲϺ͸ħ¡
ÿһħõĲ϶һı׼ΧħʦǿҲɣȻܶ߼ħڲϵԺǿħƤѥٶȴڴС
ܹͨһֲϵķ͸ħЧ϶ҲﲻϸħʦҪ
ȻֻܴӸħĹ취ˡ
ͨ˵һθħĳɹԼħɹЧΣҪȡڵ׼Ҳǲϡħʽͼ档ħʦҪģǰոħʽָı׼ͨȡеԪ֮ڸħϻͼֻҪܹͼͨԼ죬ǾͿ˵ǳɹ
ħУħʦãеļ⣬ҪľñʹԪ֮ͼ϶ԽߣħЧȻԽǿ
෴϶ԽͣħЧȻԽ
ҪøħЧͣĿǰҲֻһá
ǾҪ϶Ҳһ޶ȵģһٽĻԪ֮û취ͼУħȻܳɹ
ϸ⼸иħƤѥٶȵΣһһŸħе΢Сվȵط֣ﵽϸħʦҪôʹԪ֮ͼ϶ȸպٽϡ
һǹģ뵽㣬̲ס̧ͷϸħʦһۣȴȻһЦԼƺ˼⡣
˶ظһ߸ղḶ́ϸħʦ֣ƤѥҰɣԿʼˡ
ȷϸħʦЩʡ
ȷ϶ػش
ӹϸħʦݹƤѥԥóӢʯ͵ƺõĲһ㣬һ˿Ԫ֮֮
ƶӢʯƤѥĽűϡ
ֻоǰһɫѾڿ
գգ۾ͼʱȴֿеʧ
ˣȻʵ
ûӵ⣬еƤѥݻϸħʦ
ϸħʦһۣ˵ͷܺãȻ㡣
ӺЩĪʲôСȻ㡱ѵϸħʦʶ
ϸħʦӹƤѥʳָָƤѥỬжʱһ⡣
ããã
һ˵ãƺҲƽ飬ȵָӢʯͼתһȦָƺЩ
Ѿûмôȷĸħˡϸħʦдһ˿Լһ˿׾ķŭԴǸС֮ҵһڱĸħʦϼ˾ȷΪ֮̾ĸħϸħʦȻ̧ͷǲǽأ
һľȻͷ
ܺáϸħʦͷ⿴һۣȻЦ÷ϼһҵҪʲôʱ÷֣
˵תͷѽϣٴӻͳһ飬ȥúÿ¡Ȼ΢΢һЦټ
漴ת뿪
ӺȥӰޱ
ϵƤѥҡڵĻ


18 ׶
ϸħʦһֱʧ˵⣬Żع
ȻתһöҲзݣ
Ϊʲô
ΪҵģҲҵģ˶ҵģ
ʲôʱˡĪüѽҺ鶼ŽڴպáûĻҪȥиղûĹˡڲϺͳʹ÷ѡһ٣ҽıۺˡ
Ҫ˵ֱ߽ҡ
˫ƤѥĸħнӹʮĸңһۣûмƽӾȻ۳ĸҵνʹ÷ѡ뿪̵ꡣ
ûм뿪صѧԺת˸̵ֵ߽һꡣ
ֱһʾŸħĽ䣬̧ͷһһ
۲϶ԽڵӰ졷
ⱾϴʱѾǳˣǵʱѧѶûдչȻû취ݳ޵óʮöһ顣
ڣΪָͻȻ飬Ȼڶ̶̼ڱ׬ȡ˶ʮöңΪٵһħϣõת
£ȻҪϽⱾ¡
ϾⱾԼĸħˮƽǳаܹ֮⼸׬ôǮΪĸħ
Լĸħˮƽ׬ȡǮȻЩǮԼĸħˮƽ׬ȡǮ
˿̵롣
鱾ϣ뿪꣬ȴҲûлصѧԺת˸̵װΪһǰ
ãʲôҿ԰ģȻϵĴųǼѧԺƷ⴦͸źᣬ׶еķСȻ¶еЦݣˮʵ
ҪʼĵǮ
ʼҵǰĺŹ̨а׶н߳Ϊ񡣡
ͷҹ۲һ£ڴþ˵Ĵȥ
⻹һС
ãкţʱ㵽̨ҵ񡣡
ŷСݸԼĴеıƣס̾оǲͬھȻܴôλ
շСָʾǽߵĵĵȴ
ϸ۲һ£ȷϻҪʱֵԼ۾רĻָ
ղǰİٴθħ۶ǾǾ޴ģٳûúϢһµĻԼһϿ»ָ
Ҳͬ⣡õͼϵĻʶָڱ׼̫࣬Ǹθħ
򵥣ǿԶͼһ¸ĶֻҪļߡ㣬Ӧûϣġ
ǡ
ôҲͬУ۾ķ
ѧԺħԺ꼶ƷһһŮѧڵͷҵšȻѾѹ׵ȴȻܹġ
֪ѾţѧĩѾֻʣµʱ䣬꼶ѧ˵Ѿٽҵ
ÿһħԺѧٽҵʱҪһݱҵħƣֻͨ˺󣬲ŻᱻΪѧԺıҵ
꼶ѧ˿̾Ϊҵħۡ
۵ڵ˵Щ
õͼɸ߼ħֱӿͼеļߣ
Ȼڿϣ˹Щһ꼶ѧᵽֿԣͬʱҲȷ߹ǣҪЩӵԶħҪͬʱҪȫ͸˽⸽ħʽͼ
Щһ꼶ѧˮƽÿǡ
͵һ󣬾꼶ѧȻ뷨ܴ󵨣水۵һĿԻóɹ
̲ס۵뵽Լ⼸Ϊй̫ζޱϤĸħƤѥٶϡ
õͼȻǲУΪħƤѥٶȱһħõľͼĲϡ
ͼеļߣȲ˵ֻжʮߵĸħƤѥٶȱܲܳΪһĸħĳɹˣħЧֵָز
Զ϶ܹڸħƤѥٶϰɹˣҲȫûκʵ塣
þģɴԺ
ȿһԣɹ
ٿһȻɹ
ٿ
ȵط֣ʮ㱻ʮ󣬰ȻȻԸħɹ
ʵڴϡ
տڵĸħѧ˵ÿħı׼ͼ͸ħʽȻԽһΧڵĸģҪ֤ĸħɹҲǲһĸħЧôΧʵС
ħƤѥٶȵı׼ͼϱʮУڿɸķΧʣµĶʮܸġ
ΪʲôʮȻԸħɹЩɻ
ڵʵѾ޲ھͿʼ顣
ʮߺţʮߺŹ˿ͣ뵽̨
СȻ
ʮߣʮô
һ£ȻԼϵĺǶʮߺţæֹͣ˼룬ߵĺŹ̨ǰ
ã׶н߳ΪҪʲôҵ񣿡̨ķСһͷɫ˫̫ͫǿ˹ˡ
Ҫöҡ
űϰ˵дСݳһű
ָһӹһ
ſƽƽֽϣȻиħ
һֱΪԼΪһħʦֻҪʲôƷϸŸħһܹó벻׶óһֽȻۡ
һ˿ֽ̽档


19 
øӣֻɨһ飬̲סһͺ
ֽϵĸħĿǰյӵĸħؼס̻Ҫ
Ȼû취һȥǸղɨһ£ܸоóֽϵͼҲмߣ
ߣʲô
ħؼס̵ĸӶȾѾһħŵϺŵˣȴҲʮ߶ѡ
ĻҲǶħ
һֽϾħ̧ͷ˿׶еı־ס̾һ
УǮ
ιСӣ㷢ʲôأүһءȻһֺŭ𣬴̾Ҫǲ¾ÿﵢүҵʱ䡣
ͷһۣΪԼ֪һǽ
ʲôǲү㣿׵Ĵ˵ӣۡ
һ´󺺵ͷת̨ڵķСʣűô
С仰Ĵ󺺶һ㶡
Сӣò˰ɣһֽҪ
û󺺵ĳȻŷС㡣
ԷСרҵʣȻʵһ¡
⡭ʮֱǸűǱãһ㲻ͨ
شֻʧŶһͷʼ
óöҽСʱ򣬺ĴǴһ
Ȼ⣬ԴӼС˹ڶĳкƵĳѾжٴˡ
һؼΪϸķѧԺܶѧҲ֪ٴΣϰˡ
ͷ뿪еʱղ꼶ѧڵλÿһۣȴѾûӰѾȥˡ
ԴѸղſǹһ飬صѧԺֱ˹ĽʦԢ
ֻʣʮߵĸħƤѥٶȣ⣬˹˱Ͳһ˫۾ΪʲôȻ뵽⣿
Լ꼶ѧ۴˵һ顣
ܲԼ֪ĸħ飿˹ͼ
ţԼһ£ּʹֻʣʮߣħƤѥٶȻɡϴҵı׼ͼϣȴ˵ҪʮߣҲΪʲô
ֻ㣿ûʵ飿˹ʡ
ҡҡͷղΪ㣬ϵʱԲ顣
ȻûУԡ˹ؿϣһģڰֵҺǰ͸߹ˣκۣնҪʵ֤ò˰ɣ
ȻûСϽҡͷ
ǾͺáҪ֤׼׼ȷõķ顣˹ȻһϵЦݹرһ䡣պûϻʣµʮݸħƤЬٶȵĲϣҪĻҿԱ˵㡣
ˣС
У
˹Ȼɴ۾ͿЯİͳʮݲϡ
һ۾ͿóЩϵȷǸħƤѥٶȵĲϡ
ЩϴĶģ˹ЩƣЩֵʵ
ûϻʣµĲϴģ벻СӾȻ׼ˡСһٺ÷˶᲻óԣôͻȻôϷϣ
Ұ˼θħĹʣҵķݡ˵Ȼ̧ͷ˹һۡÿʣµĲûиҡ
ȿȡ˹ʱεؿ
Сӣ˵ģ
˭ģܲǼǸӰɣ
ʶص곤ô
ϻȻʶҺ޲ðƤ˹ȻŭҪӵĻܶ׬ٸң
ٸȻ˹
ֻǴȷȷ
˹˲Ϣʲô¶ûзһɫƽֻлһ˿ŭ
Ƿείֻһ֪ģӲ֪ĶϢҪܹŽίСҪ˵Ҳˣƫƫӻͣѹۣñһ׬ʮ˹һۣ˹ȥһ׬ٵģȴòزˡ˵벻Ƥ
ǿ˵ͷ
ѹԼ˹ͼĹأԭǸǽӵͬһ׮ίС
˹һԶԼصĲ䣬ȼһڵȷϿԽҽŵЬ棬ȻʼƲϡ
һߵƲϣһ¶ղšֻʮߵĸħƤѥٶͼ㡣
ȵϵϣȷԼӦûдָϻ
ÿνµĸħʵʱڵģͼǱġȻû취ͽ˲ϵħᲢۣʵĳɹмİ


20 еһħ
Ƶĵһ鲢ûгɹ
Ϊʱһ⣬߼ٺ󣬼ٵЩеᱻʣµ߷ֵǰձ׼ͼߵĻȻû취֧ŵס
ڶȻûгɹ
Ȼͨߵȴ֮ͨȲڵ㳬ꡣ
黹ûгɹ
ı顭

ʮı顣
һ΢ɫâָͣµĵطٻʮĵߣͼһ
Լͨ
ڳɹˣ
˷ܵػ˻ȭͷ
ѾԶԶ˿ϽݣҲһⷽ飬벻Ȼܹɹ
̫硣һԵ˹֪ʲôʱѾ˶Լصķ䣬ףһˮģͼʵʸħúԶģͼʧʮΣʵʸħҿʧܸʮǲܵġ
ֱߵĲһۣ˹ֻʮŷݲϰҿ̫ðɡҪﻹϻʣµһЩϿ㡣ʦķϣҿԸŻݵ
˹һȻ˹ʦЩȥô
˹һ١
汻˵ˣûͼǸַǰʣµĲϻüػգȻ۸˵벻װ˷ѡ
ΪǷίУǸȫַЩһħһʱҵ˽ա
ҵĲȷʵĻһġֵ
˹۾һĿʱºࡣ
תͷӻͳӢʯ
ȵȣ˹ȻһСʲôʱⶫˣɵҪҰСĶǮѵĶģ

˹ʦȻҵȷûôǮɲҴĶģǡ͵ġ
͵ģʲôô󷽣Ҳʶʶ
ֻٴȻ֪˹ʦ̰ƣȴû뵽С˶ռ
˵ߣӦѾڷˡ
˹ʧ̾˿ڰʾԿʼˡ
Ȼ˹˵ģͼʵʸħкܴҪΪһ漰ϣһȴҪòϺͼӵѶԶһһô򵥡
ǼȻģͼܹͨôʵʸħмĿԻóɹһҲ٣һһظſĶ
ŵ˹Ǹһ˵öԡһԵ˹רעı飬ǰһź⻬
ѧԺڿ˹ŵڶҪŵŵ۹ȥأŵ½أ
ֻżﲻҡڵĹ紦Ӱ֣˿̾һӰ˹ǰ
˷ѣıɱǶиħʦĲΣ
Ҫ̫Լˣ뿪ֻøõķչ
ԼԼҲ㣬ƾʲôҪһӵǰ;

ŵ˹ǸһǺǰһһҲʲôί񡣡˹ԼȻſڣ٣
ţʲô£˿̸պʧһΣЩƣԱشûƽʱô
һڣȡһħʽͼɡ
Ϊʲô⡣
һħΪֻǸħѧĻҪøħʦͨЩ򵥵ĸħԸħһµ˽⣬ԸѧԺڽһ꼶ѧʱֻͨÿһϵѡһ֡
ǱиħʦΪħʦҡŵľۼءš½֮ǡƺŵĴ½һħʦѧԺʷٷɭѧԺҲֻҪһ꼶ѧÿϵһħѡ
˹ͻȻðҪʵе֡
˵ݡħѧ˵֪ıصһħоʮ֮࣬ҪһȫգǸǳ˵Σ
Ŷ˹˵գǱôһܡ
Ϊʲô˵ȥˡ˹صҪȫգֻҪͿԡȻŵܹڶ̶һȫյĻǵȻá
üͷ˹һջǵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˹һǳ̰ƣǹСë˿۱꣬ϾħԺɫʦҲɫĸħʦӦĵ
ͷʼ飬˹ֳһοͳŪȫͬЦݡ
ŵ˹ȻҪǾһҪҿˣȻ


21 ŵ
޵Ħسһһ毺ڷ
׶еĹȻܸߣǿҲܸߡ
ÿϰ˵һֱ㡪мֻһСʱϢʱ䡪Ҳˣ׶еʵ̫ãκʱ򣬹̨ǰеȴĹ˿ͣ˸Сʱûκοеʱ䣬ȥϸóͬпһµôһСʱ䡣
׶жԹ˿ʱķ̬żΪϸҪһ˿ͶߣǲЩԱĴһܵͷ򻹱һ쵽ЦݺС̬ȣǵκһ˿Ͳ
ȥ˵ܿˡŹ̨ǰһ澵ӹ۲һԼݣްԹص
ƽʱҪעⱣඡԱһԸߵŮ˹ھǰգСͳӵݸ򡣡ôûʲô飿
ǿȵĹ£ҲֻཻܻһڹеȤƣˡ
ǺƽʱһӹӴ򿪣ؿʼ°ƤĨ£Ȼ˶١ŶҪ˵ĻҲһһӦǷѧԺѧǮֻҾͲ˵ˣҪ淶˵òЦ
Ҫ淶Ҫʲô߸Ůʡô
ȻûУǿΥ涨ġҪʲôô֪
˵ʲôԱߺȻһͳ
͸߸ŮһԱһæױУһ
ܺá
ŵٽʮ꣬ʮ׶פǷѾнӽ꣬ÿ°ѲزٵĹ
شҵ⡣Һ˵Ҫ淶񣿡
ǡ֪һϲ˵Ļشһֶûж˵
ʲôˣ
ŷѧԺƷӦòʮꡣ
ѧԺʮꣿŵüϸ˵һ̣κϸڶҪ©
͸߸Ůһۣɻ
ֻҪһ¹淶ˣΪʲôܿôӣ
ǸѧǽĵڶʮߺŹ˿ͣʱ
佲ʱŵ׷ʹϸڣܶ򼸺ҪĵطѧƷڵɫСطҲŵ׷
ȻˣûбĶ
ûŶȥʱ˿һ۲뿪ġ
˿ŵͷ˿̨⿿ǽΣüֻԶѲӵб٣ȥ¹˿ûʲôֵĶ
͸߸Ů¼ֱˣһѧҪ淶ѣôþ͸Ҫܵһôţ
ˣ߰ɡúܺáŵȻѵõرһ
ʱĻŭţܹõܵıֻ»ɣ
ôţֻҪܵĹ̨ˡ
ˡŵۿҪ뿪ȻֻعͷһѧܹҪǮǮȥѧӦõõء
͸߸Ůܴ⡭Ǹһ
ŵûŮʲôת뿪󣬾ֱ¥
ŵˡ
ƿҵķţһ˻ȴһֱ
ղŮǰȾȻܣ΢ͷϵıȫǹ˳ӡ
ǵģ׶ˡ
ŵе׶˴ȴŵҪᣬһͷɫ糤ͬɫƤףʹŰӾƾյ̳һ㡣
ʱƽʱҪһЩʲôô
ŵһ벻׶˾Ȼϸڶǵô
ǵģ׶ˣ׼㱨ˡ
Ҫ淶񣿻һѧڱŵϵ׶˱״γ˱仯ŵƶʲô
һ˹еˣȻӦ˻ǵĹ淶Ȥ
׶΢΢һЦŵ̫ˡ˹еˣ¶ôҲܻôðʧֱҪ淶񡣡
ǡ
ղ˵ѧǷѧԺѧ
ǣݵԱƷʽпǷѧԺħԺһ꼶ѧ
ܺá׶ص˵ͷԷڵ˽⣬һƷʽƶϳݡ
Ӧġ
ûȻǸħԺѧǾ˵ֻǶԹ淶Ȥأ
Թ淶ȤʲôСŵȻһɣѵϵġֻһһ꼶ѧ
ǲǶãŵһѧ
ǡŵϽͷ
ǿϵǸĻ׶۾ϵЦŨһЩŵ֪һܸ˵ġ


22 Ժ
ص󣬾ֱһſҲˡ
ղŵʵȻ˹˵ʧʮβŻóɹʣ޼;ĸɾڼĲһգ˹ʮݲϡ
ħʵǮѹָ߼ħʦô١ڴʣʮң̾˿
ֻ˸ڸħƤѥٶȵСʵѣõӽʮңҪǽи߼ħоʵĻҪѵǮ֣
ҲżǰЩӻΪѧѷ˵ڵѾҪǰöˡҵ¹Ϊȥöҡ
յöһܸ˰ɣżиĸյҺı飬סЦǻẦ£Ϊء
ĸĸǾǴԼ๫һСΧһСеͨũһӸ㲻жûùҡںȻյöңȻô׾ͽܡ
ζһȻϸħʦ֮ǰ͸һ飬һҪһ
òǸħʽ֮İɣͳ鷭Ȼһ͵شӴ
ʶߡ
⡭Ȼǽģȫû취ѹסеļ
ѧԺħԺȻǴ½֪ĸħѧԺǹڸħĸ֪ʶǽڵʮȫ
˰Ͱ࣬׵ѵؽѧǸħʽͼԼ͸ħصĸ֪ʶ⣬Ľ̵Ҳڡ
ڸħʦ˵ħʽͼȵ֪ʶϾģﶼѧֻȫǿ츳Լ츳׿㣬ҪĵȻķ
ѧԺħԺ½㲻һ̸ѧǵȻҲȫƲ϶ôɫȻһֱߣȴҲһֱߵò̫ԡ
Ȼڣȴһǰܹ
ϸħʦһ߼ħʦôĶȻͨɫ
˷ܵЩæҵطһȴǱ˵ͷһˮ侲
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Ȿ鿪ƪһ仰ֱӰղŵ䡣
ӿ÷˹ڣħѧѾķչβߣħʦ˴ѪҲ˲֪ٴεı䶯ĺħʦħʮֽӽڤ뷨ʼֱڴ½иħʦʹõļԺÿһεı䶯Ǿεʵ飬˵
ӼԺֵڣѾжʱ䡣ĸħʦͼԼԺиͼһȫµǽӽʱԺȴδκδĸĶȻǾħʦѡ񡣡
ҲҶ϶ԺһǸħʦõȻδı䣬ôڻǸħʦʺϵķ
ϣⱾҵһܶ˿еġؼôһʧֻһЩ˽ʶüԺʱһЩ·Ļô뷭һҳ
ĿⶨڡؼϣֻЩա
ΪѧԺΪԭڵʲôĶ벻Ժȴȫ½иħʦѡûʲôһ˵
ڷⱾǰȷҲǲǿⱾ飬ܻʲôرǿӴͻͽֱӳԽ弶ħʦĽޣΪиħʦΪ֮Ҷħʦ
ڿǸΡ
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ϸħʦ˵ûôؼĻΪʲô½϶ＸʮĸħʦУȴֻʮλҶħʦء
һһҳ
Ȼϸħʦ˵ⱾûκͻȻߵķֻһֺȻĿǣһЩʶᡣ
ڼԺҲһЩԼ뷨ȻҪȴȷԺȻܺãΪÿһħʦ츳ʶͬüԺʱҪעϱ
ע⣬עЩ棬Ҳ˾
ŲһҳϣǰʮҳǶĸᣬʮҳȻǽԼԺо
һһֵذⱾͷβһ飬ÿһʱ仹ͣ˼һֱȻ£߱۾˵һ
Ȿһҳûе飬Ȼ㿴Сʱ
һҳ̧ͷΡ
ϸħʦⱾ齻϶ǿ̫ϣܹͨⱾһЩߡ
ϸħʦ׷ǹʵģΪʲôҪôĸ˱ʼһĶ͸أ
ܲΪҳ˧
ԳЦЦ
Сĵպã۾̽һڵ־СʱϢѾָ˲١
ǰãǿⱾŷ֣ȻȫǿͬĸħʦҪָȴ÷ǳɫ
˵ӰָٶȵҪ
һԭżԺĳڶͱߣħʦָٶȻߡ
һԭǸħʦ츳⡣ħʦڵ˵˺ħʦڵħ࣬ͨΧеԪ֮Ȼ󾭹ķתΪħ
ħʦԪ֮׺ͶԽߣȻָٶҲԽ졣
ȻԶָ⣬ħʦҲԿԺпٻָֻԺһֻʹһΣȻظصΣգԲؼʱ̣ħʦһ㻹ǿԶ߽Ϊº͵ķлָ
ָ˵һһħʦƽԶָٶΪСʱȫٶȾͿԳ֮Ϊ㡣
ֻҪСʱ뵽סЩԵá
ȷԼ컹ûùԺһ߰׳Դۣ


23 һҪΪ߼ħʦ
ʮӺһ۾
΢һ£㷢֣ڵƺûԾƺÿһֶ
ȻûʲôߣоõڵƺƣҲȥԪ֮
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ڼﻹԳ͵ĶھȻһǳɣ磡
ģ㲻ӢʯٶҲ˹˲Զˡ
ǰϸħʦӡ̵̾һ飬˹˻Ҫöࡣ
ȵط֣ʱڵĿף˿̾Ȼûл
ӴѧԺѾϨ˴ĵƹ˿Ҳʮˡ
һôĶȥˣЩĵ⡣ܲΥ涨ȥʿԺ˰ɣ
֪Ҳûã㲻ᣬ뵽˹ĪĽһħȫۿ
ڼסĿǰĶʮָħɫļҲúѶȡ
һϹȥ׾Ȼһֱûл
ȵɻʱȴѾռ˽һŵġһ۳󣬻˻֡
һĶȥˣü˿ףȵط۾Ȼˣȴ֪Ϊʲôѵȥˣ
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ͷһһڼΪħԺһӣԼǳܡ
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ȡ˵Ҳϴ֤ŮӶȤֻҪҡ
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һԵĿ׿һ߿һʳָϻȥ̲סк棬̽ͷһȴڿͼǸħؼס̣Щ֡
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һͼһ룬һ仰ϣһ±˽ôֻٿһϵͼûش㲻λħʦŮôң
٣һˣܲһ쵽ɣһҲû첻˼ı֡˵СûĶĹûеĻҪҪҰܸ
ллˡնػش
Ϊʲô˵СӳҲ㡭˵˧ͦģӦûвŮϲͲŶԡ
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ÿȥһ˼ӵĵһħί⣬ÿȻֻϿΡ¿ΡԷ˯
Ȼ˿Ļͻע⵽κʱжšһħȫԷϲʱҲûзſ
ʮӲȻİʣµʮһħĸħʽԼͼȫˣ
ΪĹָħ
ǰ˵ʮ֣оʮһħȻʮ֣ӽһ롣
ΪһͨķѧԺħԺһ꼶ѧѾԶԶƽˮ׼
Ҫ֪տγ̰ţڵİҲֻʮһһħѡ
һЩͬѧͨ;һЩȴҲʮְˡ
˸ֵĸħ⣬ЩѧϰյĹУʱ̽ϸħʦǱ˵Ľʵ
Щϸħʦ˵ĸϸҲ˷ǳҪáΪԵľĿߣٶҲǰ˺Сȵ
Եߺڽһħʱ谭ҪǰС˲٣ÿüĹ飬ʧȴҲܹһСķΧڡ
żгӸÿһٴθħһһʮݲϵıȴҲᳬ̫࣬ܵ˵ȴҲȻǳƽ
ΨһЩģʮ˹Ȼһζûҹǰÿ춼еĹҲûаš
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׼׼ʲôشȫĪ
Ϊ˼Ĺ˹ҪȥæȻܹռƻܺ¸ѧڵѧѡ
֮⣬֪ǲܵǴȺŹӰ죬ʿԺħʦԺѧҪħĴԽԽࡣ
ЩѧǵȻûʸȥҸħԺʦǸħӲÿ˶вѧԺ˸ħԴίжɸħԺѧǽ
֮һ
Ϊ¡ħˮƽҪҲܵ͵ļһڶʿԺһ꼶ѧкЩ
ȻֻһħЩһ꼶δʿȴҲҪôǿĸħ᲻ԼЩװŪ߼ħ
һļϣеĿʱ䣬ҲС


24 ί
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ǡһһŮħʦԺƷЩ֡
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ͼǸħ硪͸ħ硪ͼ
ڵĹǽϸղ̽ϲԪ֮ͼȻģ⸽ħ̡
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û뵽ڽһθħѾԵġָʽħȻͽ̿˵һôѶȡ
ԽǸѶԽã
һ˿ʤð˳ģ⸽ħЧûʧʳָһ㣬ʼ˵㸲ʽħ
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ڵƱǰõö࣬һ¾ͻʧܡ
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Ŀ»ָȶͬһֻӭ˵ִһ㣬ͼֽϻǰ
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25 ѧ
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ȻˮȻļͱŰĴȻᲢۡ
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ѧ֮ĽԴѧԺʼһֱڣûʧѧԺѧǻͬѧϵ
һ㣬ѧԺѧᶼ֪ûйܹ
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ܸܲңǸħԺЩˣҪʲôܻɣʵ
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仰˵ҵˮƽ̫ԲУ׷ʵ
ǵġ
ƨûӦ¡ѾһˮƽǸħԺļһǳ۾ôҪ
ֹ˲¡Ÿ꼶ԴڽЦݣĬ
һ˵ôûʣǹ׾һ仰ѧѧ᲻ǾͲС
ѧ׼Щѧˮƽߣߣ
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꼶ѧµѧ¶һ֪ЦݣȻ涨вѧʾ˲Ҳֲǰûκα̨Сӷ
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ûôüȻһֲõԤС
ѧһ涨κѧӦѧҵΪأòУδĻѧ棬ϣǵݹúϿΡ
ƾʲôֻǡ
һԵ˿ڿȥˣſֱ䣬ȴֵǰ棬仰̽˶
һ˿ŭ˫쳣˫֮С
ͬѧǵίУû⡣ⲢҪԴ
ѧʵڰû⡣ⷴѧ¡
ѧѧû⡣ûȤҲûȥܡ
ѧΪʲôͻȻð涨Ϊʲôѧһȥᡣ
˵ʲôڼصĵ﹤
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26 Ҳ
֮ǰԴȶ˹æõı꣬Ĺȡ˹ʱҲûҹ
֮ͬѧżĸħίУǮ٣ûжѧֹҲûʲô
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ҪǣһĿֻǵݹԺ󶼲ѧԺҹ
ĻԺʲôʲôȥиħʵ飡ʲôѧѣ
˼κǿԼ侲
֪ѧĽ黹ǹ涨
ʱǽ顣꼶ı飬ƺû뵽ӡľګļһͻȻð⡣Ļôпܻɹ涨
ûǴĻѧּΪѧԼıôΪʲôѧԺ⹤ʵ
ѧıǴ󲿷ѧĸıѧҪĸѧԺ⹤ֻܶһаɵӰȴܻһصѧҵΪ룬ҲŴѧϵ顣
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תѧ︽ħԺѧҲ顣ص
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һ٣ƺƽԼ飬ƺڼᶨԼġ
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˵Ϊġúã˵ۿ˿Сȭͷ˹ϽǵסڡеѧѧԺʷѾˣȴûܵѧԺѧԵơѧûκηӦĻԺҲûȨԡԿԿ϶ѧĶ
ô죿˿˫üźεĵġֻǸƽѧˣѧҪǶԸûκ
ûκôһ˿ζЦݡ˿ֹѧǰһСҲС˰
С˿ȻָָԼСʲôˣ
ѧСǱãǵľֻܹԹԽܣȴû뵽ȻǼ˾Ҫ󣬽ȷķָָ˿ûȫпӮⳡ
֪ħҲֻһ꼶ѧҪѧɳ꼶ѧôӮˡ˿ص˵ˣӮ˾ѧỹкܶ취Ը˵˵硭
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Ŷˡ˿Ȼ򡣡Ҳ˵ѧͬεľͱһܹƽĻඣ
ûͷƽһҪ
ڡϵر˿˼
磬ô˵ѧỹпڱʹһЩɵֶΰ˿ȻЩġǿһ
˿Ȼһץסĸ첲ҡҡһּȽ磬ǰɣòãò
˿ֻסȻû׼顣
ȻҪѧȻʱǼȻڳǾͺйϵ˵ȻһѧǰһǰЩСǲǷһҲҪҪӮ÷⣬ѧǰһԺҲ̧ͷ
˿ǰһ
磬ǲ뵽ʲô÷ˣ
΢΢һЦ
Ȼǡ


27 ѧϯ
Сʱ󣬷ѧԺͬչһۡ
ֻᡢ˿֮ȣȴҪҵöࡣ
Ҳͬ⣡ѧԱ֮һͬʱҲǶʿԺԱϯλ֮һߵĻͨһӣֶζԸһѧǲ̫ô
֣һԵһԱħʦԺԱϯλ֮һߵŷƤŵЦһȥѧͬ˹жʱôû˵ֵ֣ħԺѧʱʿԺȴ˵ʲô֣⵹ˡ
ʲôֵġһԵħʦԺԱϯλ֮һ߿˹ͬЦΪҲһʿԺѧȥô˵ѧȥ;ȥˣǶʿԺѧмǧˣһʲôƾǵֶΣҲӰ쵽㣬ʲô
¡ŭŷͿ˹д
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κ˶ѧһЩֶԸض¡֪ˣƢ𱩵ļһԲưոݡ
Ҫ쭣ѧˣҲҿ϶κӰ졣
ǡƫƫ˵
㲻Ҫˣʱѧǽ׵ʱҲͶ޳ƱġħԺԱϯλ֮һħԺ꼶ѧ˹ƶȻڡһƽͨ󣬶ĺô㲻᲻ֻһãϳҲͰˣҪֹǣ㡭ѵѧˣ
˵ʲô˳вʱȻŭһӺ˹ҪΪŸħԺǼ꼶ѧǾһҪģʵ㣬ǶʿԺѾкܶѧҿռ̫ߣ̬ȻӡȥĻԸȥѧԺ˰æħ
̬ȵһȥ̸ռ̫ߣ˹һѧ֪Ϊʲô飬㡭ƾʲô
ʱһϣ˹˵û˵ġռۡһָǼħԺ꼶ѧ֮⣬ʣºܴһ־ѧС
ȻҲ⡣
˹˵ûȻͶ޳Ʊھûʸǵ顣û˵ŷȻϷŹᣬĻŷȻվԲΧϿһȦ飬Աϯλ
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ϯλͨĻǰ໨ôʱŽѧŬȫҪ׷ˣ
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һѧĹ涨ֻҪһԱһͬ⣬ôͻͶƱ
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˵Ŀⶼת˴ԲĻ
鲵ءѧԺѧϯͬʱҲǼշԺ꼶ѧ󿨡ϣ˵ϣȻһڷ顣
ڣȻ
ȻѧϯֱӷȨȨȴܹõģѧϯɲѧԱͬĻô⽫ƱӰ쵽ѧеš
ԲĻѧϯǲᶯȨġ
Ϊʲôŷ̲סʵ
ʵں֣˽ͻʲô˲ĹϵڣҲ޴ôԵƫŶԡ
һԱϯλǻҪһ˱ԶʿѧԺһָͷǶ꼶ѧˣѧԺֻʣ¼µʱ䣬еļ·չһԱĻѶȺ涼ܲ룬Ҳϣڵѧֱ䶯
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ڶ֮ԻҪΪȥԸ¡ѧûɣ
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28 
Ǻһѧʱ䲻ˣ֪Ǻ˵ˡȻô֣µ⣬ôкܴġ
ԭҲͬ顣ŷ˹ʲô
ŷͿ˹࿴ͬʱҡҡͷ
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˹ü᳤ĹǡǸҵ˽⣬һȻѧԺûʲôǸħˮƽʵܲɳ꼶ѧĻûбʤİա
ԲԵ˶ʱһ
˹һ߰ļһﶼô˵ѵصĸħˮƽôߣ
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սʤǡ˹շһ䣬Ȼһ᳤Ī롭
ЦͷˮƽжߣϾҲѧѧһԱ˹ȻãӮˣʲôʧ
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󿨺Ȼһ٣ϸֳһ˿̺Цݡ
Ϊѧǵѧҵ룬ҲΪǷѧԺ룬ҪѧԺ򹤵ѧͨѧˡͬʱѧҲѧԺĸ̻̽ϵԱѧǴľҵᡣ
һλԭɻ󲻽񣬶ʱޱ
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ЩѧᾭӪľ飬Ķеè塣
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Ϊѧ棬ѧͬѧΥѧĲҪ󣬾ѧо˹ŦͬѧٵѧԱһְ
ŷʣ³һ䡣
˹Ŧȥ֪ͨ꼶ѧ
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ľҪԺҽѧѧԺ롣ѾÿѧĩβΪ˼ѧһѧѧϰͬʱҲΪ˴ٽѧǵѧϰͻԣѧԷԺΪλٰѧԺڲ
Ȼ˹һӦ᳤˼ҪⳡҪб֣
Ҫб֡ҡҡͷǱֵرòСȻѧ֤ͨѧҵˮƽҪôǿԾܾҪ󣬸ΪҪαлһΡԵĻô֤ѧҵˮƽôǵȻ˳ͬѧԺ򹤡Ļ
ûʸκҪ󣬹ʱôˡ˹ӿЦ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
󿨶Ĵ˶ʱޱ
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ȴб˿˹һۣһ˿ŪЦ⣬˲ϢֻʶºЦݡ
ȻҶͬˣǾʹɢɡ˹һڲ룬罻ҡ
á˹ͷ
뿪ѧҡ
ҵĴ֨ѽһϣһ˿ЦȻԭλϡ
һ㵲ס˿ĿѵҾܵסô


29 ָ
Ǹ׳գ׳գ
׵ŭܹ͸¥ÿһħԺһ꼶ѧĶ
벻ֻһûڣȻǳôӣ֪֪ϵĻжأ֪֪
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ȻӦʲôʵ
ӦáſڣȻйشָˣѾزˣٱҲûáûѧôԸ㣿
ԸңȻɵЦЦѧôԸң
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νġǸϼһǷѧԺԺ
˵ͷ˹˼
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лл˹ʦҸˡ˹һ׼ˡ
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һ룿˹΢΢ȻȻԤøһЩԡ
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30 ħ
Ӿȵط֣ƺǰҪࡣ
棬ܷ
ǰÿʱȻÿɵĹܳɫֻҪѾյһħʧʶڼ͵ķΧڣüζʧʣϾż־񲻹еӶ¸ħЧֲ
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ԣƾʲôԣһһ꼶ѧɶħһһ϶ʧܣò׽Ҳôɵģ
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ӹһ£ȷǰѧԺͼ⿴ĸħƤѥٶӦһƤѥϺͼֽ߽ҡ
ݷ˹ɶʷٷɭ鴴ĸħȼƶȣ֪ĸħЧѶȴ·Ϊȼ
ڴһȼ֮УһħҲġ
ÿħʦڽӴħʱ򣬶ѡԼȤĸħоѧϰԱͨЩһħԸħһµʶ˽⣬Ժиߵȼħѧϰ
˵ѾһһħҪѧϰնħʵһͨ˳µ¡
Ͼʮ궼δֻǷѧԺһ꼶ѧӴħҲꡣ
ĳ̶ѧϰħҲѹּӻˡ
ħƤѥٶͼһ˲䣬ҲΪԼˡ
һףҲа׶ͼֽϣ鼸˳̲һֻһۣЩۻ
Ŀͼ½ǿȥס۽һ
Ϊһʺ֡
ʮߣǸħؼס̵࣡
Ȼ֪ħһħ϶࣬ȻΪǰʵе𾪡
ħѶߵߣԶ׼ġѶȴǼ
Ϊͼһ壬ħʦڽиħʱһǳɣÿһߣʹŸħʦҪڽиħʱ򲻽ҪһԱֻһҪܶ࣬ҪѸľлơ
ӵжʮߵĸħƤѥٶȵѶȱӵʮߵĸħؼס̸϶٣
û취һȷĸ


31 ׼
˰Σһ
ʮöҵķϣѶȱȳΪҶħʦţҲȥ
ȶһ¸ħʽϵ˵еĲϣȷ²ϣͼʼ䡣
ò˵Ҫȫסɶʮ߸ɵͼ˵Ǹ޴ս
ֻǼ򵥵һӡȻ򵥣ǸħȴһҪΪϸĹͼ΢һлӰ쵽յĸħЧ
ķչħʦ֤£󲿷ͼѾγ˱׼
ħƤѥٶֶħȻҲ⡣
Ҫģȫסͼÿһߵĳ̡ϸԡ
ڣÿһߵȶҪֺ
Ŀͼ㿪ʼ˳Ѳ˼ʳָͼϣʼظղĿн·
˷ʮڷԼͼѾһӡʼŶͼС
ҲǱҪĹ֮һ
ͨ˵ΪҪøħʦ㹻ͼֽϵͼҪʵʻĿװϵͼϺܶ౶
ŸħƤѥٶȵͼֽͳԼһףࡣ
СĻôƤѥܹôͼ
ȻͼѾޱȷô޴ͼֽ϶Ե飬ٽСĻȻҪиΪϸĲ
ûܹһξСԻƤѥϵĴСһؽ
ÿһεСظʮ飬ȷͼϺͼֽȫ޶£Żȥ
һһͼֽظӵжʮ·ͼ˶ھϵѹ֮⣬Ҳһ޴Ҫ
ظӽһٱʱѾұ۶ޱͣÿһκ첲ϵѪܶҪ֮һ㡣
ȻǰҲиħǰеĸħУҲӵʮߵĸħؼס̶ѡ
ظӽٱʱѾҪоԼұ۵Ĵڡ
ͣ
СϽһħǸħʦҪؼסͼõİ취һνӴʱһظֱɹ䡣
ѧԺѧϰУǰѧϰʮһħʱǰʱͻʣµʮָħʱǰڽŶͼļ䡣
ʵ֤ȷõķ
÷塤˹һϲͷļһҲͼľȷʾ̾Լͼȷѧ֮һ
֮һʾ棬Ҫ׷⻹˭һ˹ȴûлش
Ȼô˵ǰӵͼֻǸħؼס̣ȴҪһס߾Ͷ࣬Ӷȸ޷Ტ۵ĸħƤѥٶȣѹʵ̫޴
ظӽٱʱԼʶҪʼģˡ
ڵԴǰͼ⣬
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֧ȥģֻʣ
Ϊʮöң
һҪѧħ
ʱŷ·Ѿʧȥ壬ֻʣԼٵĺԼָֽɳɳ
սʱļֱ£бģѾ͸ڣҡ
͸ձɻƣָҲֽͣϵĻ
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ＸСʱظƽʱѾע壬ȴҲȫ֧Ųס
ԱһŴĻԼ᲻̲סֱȥҹ˵
ȻûдУҲԼô
סȽףһһҲٶȣһĻҿ϶Լ˵ΪܾòЩĽǡ
ֱƽʱɵĶ˿ȴ㻨һֶӲɡ
Ϣ˺ðΣٴסҽףֱȡ
ȵȲֱЪһһһתӡ
ȸղŻҪСģɲ춼Ųӳǰ
Ǽӹȥô󲿷嶼»ָѪ
ѪҺѪͣôڵϣǿҵʹʼ𲢲ȫĽơ
ȻʼʱϵʹҪ˹ȥһָоࡣ
ȵȫ󲿷ֵطĸоѾӽָ
һֱŵִ˿̲һ˿ʹĸо
üͷһŸħʽʼĲеͼнϣһ߻ػ֡
ȵֵʳָܹŷ¸ħʽ
ģٴʳָһ˿͸ȻЩʹʳָӡڿհֽϡ
ȻǼͼѾüСʱʱ䣬ȴһҲļ
Ҳļ
ħһҪϸĹӻͼĵһʼħʦͱòϺͼؽһÿһʧпܵ¸ħʧܡ
ģͼʵʸħѶС࣬ͬӡ
ϾһνӴħ


32 ħ
ʳָֽһ
ʳָĻһ˿ͶȥֽһЩ΢Ļߡ
ʳָ˲仭һߡ
ѾԺеļ䣬徭ǧεظȻӦ
ˣһӴĶħǸħƤѥٶȡ֮ǰϤҲɹεĸħǡǡǺ͸ħƤѥٶȵͬͬԴĸħƤѥٶȡ
ȻһħͶħᲢۣħϾͬһʣҲһЩ֮ͨ
ҸħƤѥٶҲֻһԣ˸ħѶȡ
ڽģ⸽ħʱҪע⣬ǰͼϵǡôͷųԼѡ
ʳָһȻͣ
ʱһϲ
벻һνģͼͳɹˣ
ĪԼţ
ǵ𣬲˳ͼؿʼԼʱеϲöʱ˴ܡ
ԼϣͼϾȻʮ߸˸Ĺ㡣
ʮ߸ڵô˳ǣԼղŵ뷨ʵ̫ɳܡ
׿ʮ߸ΪԵĴʧĽڵ֮⣬һģɵĸħƤѥٶȵͼϻ˶ʮ·ƫŵƫӽʮȣ
ϸϸͼ󣬸ղŷľԼŵ뷨ʱɡ
ܳɹҵδ̫˵˰ɡּһ飬̲סֹ
ûĸħҪһͼȻ˶ࡢ˿ŵʧ󣬼ٷ־ʮŵĿԻֱɸħʧܡ
ƫƫɹˣ
ȻγɹմմϲӵôʧͼĳװϣյĸħЧҪ˵ﵽ׼ֻħƤѥٶȶ硣
֮⣬һͬüͷ
ֻһģͼѣĵѾȽʮθħؼס̻Ҫࡣ
ҪʽʼħĻܻԼеǿܲڿŶеԪ֮һħ
˴ÿһݼֵʮöҵĲһۣɿطʵ뷨
ڵĲȫħʵĶġ
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˵һεľ󣬵ڶλƳɹͼеʧѾԼ˺ܶࡣ
ʮڵ㣬ʮһ·ƫƫȻʮȡ
ȻǲС
Ρ
ʮڵ㣬Ŵ·ƫƫȻʮȡ
ĴΡ
ʮڵ㣬ߴ·ƫƫڵʮȡ
Ρ
ʧܡ
Լһ䣬ʼ˵ģͼ
ߴΡ
ڰ˴Ρ

ǸղǼСʱظʳָһһڿհֽϽͼĻơ
ֻ͸ղŲͬʱÿһλУĲ
Ҳ֪ڶٴεģͼɺ󣬴ԼͼȻһȥ
ͬһ
ɹˣ
ڳɹˣ
ͼһͼЧڴﵽ˱׼Ҫ
Ҳ˵ܹĿװϿŲеԪ֮ƳͬͼĻôθħܳɹ
뵽ԼȻпһζħǶħ򵥵һħҲȫ಻סеļ
ҿ첽С˼Ȧ侲
ٴοݲһۣǿסʼħԸٴοʼģͼ
ܹﵽ׼ҪԶԶΪȷɹȷ˷ݲϣҪԼģͼʱ
׼Ҫĸڵ㣬·ƫƫȣ
ҪԼڵ㣡·ƫƫǣ
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÷塤˹ջĿ⣬¿ŵѧԺڲ֪ͨļ
ѧԺڲ˹üͷɨһΪϦЩƵֽϵ֣ȻЦһѧǰϲ񣬻ó
һӣļֱ߷ɹ׶ľ룬պԶ칫Ѿѵúܸߵһļϡ
˹վ߽Լҡ
ڴͷĹ﷭˷ͳһļ˷˼Ƭ̣ļϵİȻ
׼뿪ңȻͣ½Ųתߵһǰϵһħ
ħԼʮͷŮһһҸЦݡ
㣬üĿһϢֱ͸˾¼ƺûκεܹüͷ
ŮӵЦԴһ˿Ȼ˿ӻеҸȴҲڸǲס
ӵֺŮӵֽһᰴŮӵĸ
ע۲ĻԿŮӸЩ΢΢¡
˹˾һȻһЦղԷȥ۽ǵƺƽ˲١
֪ڻ᲻ᵣأ
˹ת뿪ҡ


33 ҶЭֻ
뿪Ԣ˹ûֹͣŲֱ뿪ѧԺڷתתȥ̵򼸼ҵڿ˿ͼ˳̲һȴҲӵĽ̸һҽǰ
ҶЭǰԶǰʱô֣˼СڽǰĿյˣˡ
˹ûһﶪһͭңֱӽãȻͣ٣ƿԱߵСţúСݡ
СڣȻһɫƷ۵˿С㿴˹ô˽ȴû̫ྪȡ
᳤ֻ£ˡ
½ҶЭǷ᳤ֻ÷塤˹˵ͷȻؽӹ˿СݹһݱʼģĶͬʱʵΣ
Ҫ¼Ѿ¼ڹϣҾҪ׿㱨˿С
Ŷ˹Щ̧ͷʲô飿
¶ʮǰһǴӿ˹ˣǵĶԻ;ֹΪǶǿ˹Ĺͥǲ֪ʲôԭǲܼʮöңԼƶЭ˱ؽ
㻳ʲôرĶ˹ƺǻһ˰㣬ûѧԺѧӡеºʹ飬ԼһЩƺΪ֮ϺͿ۴ԡ϶͸¶һӾ
ȻڷѧԺѧ˵Щİ˵ȴûκβʡ
ǵġ˿СͷȻҺЩӵΪʲôͻȻҪԼԶһЩؽ
˹ٺЦ˿ˣСһڿ˹˵£Ȼ󱻼ϳܷͷġ͸ЩǳķԸΪԺһЩʱɡ
ʱ˿СԹʮóЩˣİϷͲǺˡ
ʵ뿿׬ȡˡ٣ҿǷǳӭЩǮЭҲᱻǰܻǾĽҿʵʵġ˹Ȼڰֵġˣù⼸ڶأ
ڶ顭˿С㿴˹һۣ΢ԥһ¡ͷѧԺһѧйء
ŶôѧԺѧ뵽ҶЭˣ
ͬʱ߷ѧԺħԺʦҶЭǷ᳤ֻ˹ʱ¡
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꼶ѧæ׼ܸħʦһһȵĸħʦʸ񿼺ˣпæʲô޲
꼶ѧ꼶ѧ󲿷ֶѾ˸߼Ķħαһħأ
ףǸѧ쿪˵Բ뵽ľϸħģ
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ΪǸħʦ˹ұĿԣ
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Ըǲܵġ˹һ٣͵ľ帽ħ̵ȷܹľĳⲢܸıľ屾ĲʣܵĸУħܰľ¶һӡ
ǲǿľϼһ㸽ħֹľ帯˿Сʡ
뷨Ҳȷָħһ㡣ǡҲǲܵġ˹ҡͷȣָħҪĲϼ䰺һݲϾԹϰٿľ壬ȻûУҲԲô⡣
Σ͵ڸľ˫صʽħָħѶȾһͨĸħʦܹɣҪħҲһѶȡܴҵôǿĸħʦ
˿СſڣڻȻͷ
᳤ֻ½ѵǡ
Ҳڽѵ㡣˹ҡҡͷ˿ҪΪЩܿƶԼε飬ҲҶЭּǱϾκ֮ǰҪȺһ¡
˿Сͷ
ðɣԸˣôݳ޵˷ѵѧʲô֣
˹⣬˿СղΪ뷨ʵֶЩ谵˲
᳤ֻ£ѧǸСӣȥ꿪ʼÿ춼оȻ󻹻Ҫ幤ȻĲ࣬ĻҲ¡䣬ҿóһЩ飬һöˡǡ
˺ˣô˵Сô໰˹ЩЦõذڰֹ֣˿Сϲ㣬ʲô֣ҪѧԺѧĻҶʶ
Ŷءһ꼶ѧɡ
أ˹ɴ۾գգȻһڶͷϣžһ졣òµСӣ


34 ͱ
ͣʳָһͼͬǰѾйļٴģͼһʼԼ졣
һ·˳ػص㣬ͼ͵ع鰵
ظ˼ٴεĳ򲢲аϲעģͼϳֵʧ״
ڵ㣿㡣
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ɹˣ
ĳɹˣ
һġûκʧġֱǴӱ׼ͼӡģͼڳˣ
̫ˣ˷ܵһȭͷ
ȻȭͷӳȴȻһ㶡
ԭʱСھȻѾ˰˿⣬ֻǽϲ֪ʲôʱħƸСһЩ
Ѿôô̽ͷȥУ²֪ʲôʱȥ
ͷһµ϶ѻݲϺƤѥڿһԼΪٴظ˼ٴζýӲ֣һ£ѲϺƤѥ߳ҡ
ôҪɹˡҾš
һ˿ĺΡ
ûС
УҾ˵СҪܹһѧһħǱĸħʦòûˡ
Ťųİӹ̨ߵǰһͬܲʳָָָ
ˣҼҵʮˣһΪԼŵļһǸһ죬е˺޲һѧ弶ħΪҶħʦߣЦ
ӴӱһһмıħҪô򵥵ĻǸħʦôô㣿ôܿȥ
ֳһۣڳһĳģ
ţЩ뷨ǺõģҪһһڳԣħҲҪһһѧֻһһ꼶ѧˣôżѧħʵ̫ǿˡ
ЩĽӴ֪ӾôԸֻҪܲĆˡ
ˣһ磬ƺһֱͦרĵģѵֻǾκ¶ôһĿԣ㿴Ǹħôô
šͷҸողһαȽģͼ
ۣ
Ϊ˵˰ÿڿʣˮһˮˮսĻش𣬶ʱһ
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ǰԼǿҵķӦЩĪôˣ
ôˣ㡭㡭ָָͷ˰죬ҧгݵ³һ䣺СӹȻǸ̬
޹գգ۾ȫΪʲôðôһ仰
أԴŴðβƽ
ܺãȻѾܹģͼҲ˵пѧĶħˣ
ҡͷ
ʲôЦģͼʵħ֮ĲɻúءڿԺģͼҪʼħĻһҪƲеԪ֮мֶٱȫû취ա
ֻ֮ҪݲϣȻΪֻʵξħΪϵǮֻݰˡ
Ŷԣ㵱ȻֻһʱնħȻӦվӦվڸħʦǰͷǰĿɧšðɣһδʮĺǰҲôĴûǾɧšţ㻹ղħ㲻ñɧţǼ¡
ۿԽԽ״ΣҲԽԽ㲻״ˡ
ܹɶħģͼô˴˵еĺڰϵħһ㿪ʼ
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еԪ֮Ƿܹصܷ֧һ߿ŲеԪ֮һͼĻƣܲòеԪ֮ؽһ𣬱硭
ЩÿһѧϰµĸħʱǴûһغûаա
ħһħϾһ
תһ룬ħѣôħļħ弶ħأָǺεȵѡ
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ǿͬѧôһºеȻǰ𣬴Ըߵȼħ롣
عһ˿վǰһӣһŶٺºЦݵķӡ
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ɴ۾ˡ
˾Ȼ׶еܣǰûĴﰡ
ôһȻרܹԼѾˣֵרܹȻֻΪ͸Լһű
硭ԼʶǸô


35 ǰ
Ǹ˻ίҸһ仰˵ŵ˶٣ƺڻ˵仰ĿȻһ䣬г˾Ӹ£СӣȻܹóűϵĸħǾ֤е¡⻹ԶԶҪҵĳϣҪ渽ħͼһ
˵仰ŵеЦݵ˼˵һҪԭԡ㲻ɣ
ҡҡͷһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ŵȻû˵ԿóǸίŵˣһһλ߼ħʦŵһкܸߵĵλȻ˵˵ʱϲԾسֺԵ𾴵ɫ
һλ߼ħʦȴŵĴר͸űΪʲô
ΪиħǸ߼ħʦо͡е¡
˰ɣűϵĸħֻûкܶ฽ħôԵĹâˣͨ˻㻻ħʦɾܿó
ȻǸҪʲô渽ħͼ
ðɣȻͨĿϵԪ֮ƳͼЩ鷳űϵĸħڡħȫм¼ĻǸûκѶȡ
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ڸħʦ˵ֻҪͨȫӦĿϵԪ֮ķֲȻͿԪ֮ķֲ»Ƴͼ
ĳЩװΪʽħ߶㸽ħʹԪ֮Щ̫׸ӦֻҪٽмģͼĻܻͼƳ
ҲڷһЩԶûмصĸħ󣬸ĸħʦõֶΡ
û˵ŵΪѶȣֵ˻˵ˣ޶ʱ䣬Կͬѧȫ԰űûȥоʲôʱܹͼʲôʱ׶ңת
һ٣ֲһ䡣ʱ㲻ڷҲûϵ½ϼгж׶еķУͼȥκһеܣת
⻹û꣬ŵڻͣóһССĴԼֻдĴָСĻģĶݸ
׶еVIP£ֻ֣Ҫ¾ͿֱӼطеܣȻҪͿˡ
VIP£ü־֪ⶫ϶ͨôա
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ħʽʱĶ
ҪѧһħħʽͼȱһɣܹͼûиħʽĻҲͣڱѡ
ܹѧЩرĸħò˵ޱȾ޴
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⣬ŵЦ
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ԶŵʧķٻͷظħƷ꣬ȻٵͷϵһѶ̧ͷϵ£ȻԳЦЦ
ôͻȻоԼʶԼأ

½һ߰¶ʮһգ׼ķѧԺѧԺڲٿ
ȻѧԺ½̸϶ôڣϾҲǷۺѧԺԼֻһͨѧԺڲȴȻٰüΪ¡ء
ǳǸԱԼǸʿǰ⣬˿ѧԺκ˽ѧԺͱ
ϵԭΪѧڱΧ۵Ҳˮƽԭкܶˡ
ô˵һӷŽôǴ˸ܰĹ档ѧԺƽʱΣ̲סһ˿Ŀ
ֻ˵ͷûпڸ͡
ڵԴȴڻϵĶԻ
һ꼶ǰõѧԱҪûʲôӦһԵĿȰ಻סûи֪֪һ꼶жѧ߰ٶ࣡ǰҪôȺһôô
˵ò꼶ǰˮƽǱȻΪѧԺϲرյĶ󣬱ϾôѧԺпܳΪ½֪ĸħʦԷѧԺһ޴İ
һѧѧôôĿŵؽѹ
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ĬƬ̣ͷ
ò˵ѧӦԷǳ
μѧԺȻǰڻӦҪ֤ԼѧҵûбӰҪ
һѧҲðűѧָΣɳһѧо
ΪһѧˣӮ䣬ΪһȻô󲿷ѧ֧֣ѧһ޴в
ȻѧҲǳ׼ȻӦ
˵ѧỹǿƵһսѧȨʱ򣬲ûֱӴһᣬںܶѧУѾǷǳ
ҲӦĻǾͻԵЩʶ̧ˡ
˵һ۵ִ
ܺãͬѧȻӦˣͻȥ᳤㱨ӦѧԱ¶һ˿Цݡ᳤ת㣬ܻǰĻѧ᲻ѧԺ⹤׼ѧҲͬȨԿͬѧѧܲѧԺ⹤ھͿıˡ


36 ͬŮ
ҵıôһԶѧڵС¥һۣסЦ
ѧԱ֮ǰ󼸾仰ڹʩѹ
ʲôѧܷѧԺ⹤ȨҪı֣ȨѧӦõģ
ѧһﲻѧӦеȨֶͨв
޳ܣ
С󣬳˼СǸֻ֪طΧڵƽĹ֮⣬ûһ
ףǵһҪμӵıʲôʱʼȭͷȻʵ
ҸղŲǸ߹ˡ׷˷ָָۣǰһС㳡ŵ׼ʱʼͿ쿪ʼˣϽ߰ɡ
һĿĵطɱһ߿в֪ĶŪ̱
һĶӦǡһз˹ļһǰϵĳɼôսʤӦûʲô⡣ֿһ̱ȻʹһղŻɷϣܲҵһĶ־ȻĿ˹ĸ쵰ẉ̂Ҫɱ
ס΢΢һЦĿ׵ļ
ڰ
Ŀ˹ȫķ˹ųƷѧԺһ꼶ΪŵѧڽѧԺʱѾͨħʦĸħʦʸ񿼺ˣΪһħʦϵһħʦ
ڽѧԺ֮󣬿˹ڸħԺļʦ£ʵͻͽ˵Ѿܹؽжħд˵ʼսħ
ΪһʮķѧԺһ꼶ѧѾԳƵϼΪš
ħԺԺ˵統ʱ˹ĲǷѧԺǴ½һħʦѧԺʷٷɭѧԺĻֻѾȫ½š
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һһ֣׵Ȼֻܽڰ
ģñǵ̭ƣȻ͹ˡ䣬תû취ûϷˡһҪӮȻɾ̫ˡ
ͷ
ֻҪ˹ı̬ţ㹻Ļʤ
˹ļһһ꼶˵ѧԺӽʮУҲžͳôһѡ
֮ԻûκηʹӦѧҪ󣬾Ϊš
˵ıͬһһ·ڣͿ׷ֵԼһղſָС㳡ǰ
Ϊֻһ꼶ѧ֮ıͬʱҲûʲô˹עѧΧĹֻȼˡ
ڹ㳡мüΧĳѧȫעؽиħ
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ħʦ֮ıͶʿԼħʦ֮ĵȻͬμӱ˲κֱӳͻǸѡһħɹ󽻸еʦжһʤ
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ͬʲôɯŮҲãұǸ֪ҲգΪʲôǵٶȶôأ
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ȻģڽиħʱٶҲһҪб׼
ȻڱˣȴѾٶȡ
ĿװϻƶָԼصı飬֣ѡĸħһǸħƤѥһǸħȼסһħ㲻ϽΪѵĸħֺαô
ѵô³ָħɹ
ֹеȻȫעĿװϻһһߣΧΧ۵ļǳѵĹҲͬȫעؿţȳ˻Ҫš
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һɫм΢ƵĹâѸȻƤѥϵͼһ£Ůһ
ɹˣɹˣ
Ů˷ܵذѸħɵƤѥʦһߺͳ߼ѵŮߴߴţһôżֽźͼڴͣɨұߵ
ʮҲֹͣ˶
һȺ˵ע£΢ɫĹâȼȼһɫâͼһȻˡ
˷ܵػ˻ȭͷͬʱʾؿǰɸħŮϵı龡Եá
ħֻһǰŸոտʼѧϰ벻ðһԣȻɹˣ
ħʱŮҪ˲٣ǸħȼϵѶȱͱȸħƤѥϵѶȸϲ٣˻õķȻҲߡ
ѶȺٶȽеĻԼյ÷ֻȶԷߡ
ձʤҪ˸ħϸڱƴίʦˡ
뵽һм䷽ڹ۲װίʦ
ȻѾѹԼı飬һգգ۾΢΢˫֣ȴѾֱӱĵĽš
˽źڴĿע£ίʦ濴װӽһӣվȼס
ʤߣһ꼶࣬Լ˹ζ
Үʱ˷ܵشһͼѶرһ£ίʦһسŮһۣȴû뿪
һⳡŮѾɥԵļŮͣοĻ᲻ᵱô˵˳
һһ꼶࣬÷¡˹һ꼶İ࣬ءμӱͬѧ볡أһڲĻΪԶȨίʦûŮξɥޱһĿʼ
һĲ߾ȻԼͬͬѧŮȻ̧ͷÿ볡ء
Ů㶣Ȼȭͷ٣أһҪӮ


37 һ
ڿѡȡһħܱ֤ʤȻ˺Լ֣һ̧ͷͿʲôɯͬŮԼͣȭͷ
أˣһҪӮļһˣô
ӣƺȸղԼμӱҪ˷ܡ
ļһһһߵĶһۣĶֺ͸ղŻʤࡣ
ܴɣŮİࡣ
ѹǸʲôɯͻȻðôһ仰
ߣҪƲˣһߵĿ÷¡˹һİļһʲô£ǲô
ǣղѾҵʲôʸһû뿪Լ˹ζ͵ƾСӾӮǰࣿˣ˹һɫƣ
أôĻ쵰ô㣬˵Ļóѵһǣ
ޣѵҲбºòãСûӮһķ˹Цˣ
ô֪زУ˵

Ǹʲôɯļ˴ǹལļҲ˽ֻܿЦ
˸п׵鱨һҲ׼˹ǵɼôһ⣬ЩпʲôɯͲ죬ȴΪôһҪıԼͬİĹϵѡվһоЩ졣
ˣܻģڣίʦҲȥˣһ䣬ֹߵĶιҪʱˣϿѡװͲϣ׼ʼħˡ
ߵͣǸʲôɯ˸͵ƣȻһŵؿ
ŵ˵˱ʤԴѡȡװܿó
ͬһȼĸħͨºٻõƷϵѶϵħȻؼϵȼϵͷϵϵ򵥵Ƥѥϵ
Ǹ߼ħʦ֮Ľ֮𲢲
ڽеֻѧԺһ꼶ѧ֮ıڴѧˮƽ˵˭յĸħϵѶȸߣҲʹ˭ĸħˮƽߡ
ԵǸʲôɯȻֻǺһѡһ˫Ƥѥ϶ʱֳεʧ
һȺ˿÷¡˹ֱһ󣬶˷ܵػ
ƤѥϵVSϵ
ѶȶԱҲ̫˰ɣ
ˣ㾡ͺáǸʲôɯ䶯˰촽ȴֻ̾Ϣ³ôһ仰
ԵʧԼǼŵıûκθо
ӽһʱɹĸħӽнΣһϵĸħɹ٣ȻͬѶȷʵ𣬵ֻͬǽбĻѡѶȴĸħʵںܶб׼ܲ
Ϊ˱֤ʤȻҪѡȡԼɹҲϤĸħ
ħƤѥٶȣѡȡĲϺǸʲôɯϵı鼸ʧ˾
ƾ򵥵Ƥѥϵе򵥵ĸħӮñ
һ۶Ѿѡ˸ħĿ÷¡˹תߡ
ıʤѾò²⡣
Ψһ֧ۿȥģֻ쳣ƽı顣
ʹԱ˲ͣض䳰ȷϵıҲûκα仯
ҲСѾϰ˱ԴɣȻ뵽
رڰϾȫ̸ϳڣͬѧܶʱԵ÷ǳĬҲȫ̸˽⡪Ҳһ
ΪƶļҾϴѧЩ˵ʳóʣҲʾһ˿ӡ
ϵͬѧˣѧԺûʲôϵѧЩֺĹѧȻҲô
ʲôɯŮȻӿһ˿Ǹ⡣
ؼȻԲôǮȥ򰺹ĸħиħϰأ
ûгڴϰôѸԼĸħˮƽոĸħ
ȻѡħƤѥٶҲĸħٵĸħͱ˳£Ȼ
٣ͣ뵽ŮȻٴθһˣӮ䣬ҶԷ
¸ȻŮôˣղŻһʧı飬ôֱþ
˵ʲôҳԷ
ʧЦҡͷѧԺӽһˣ⻹ǵһŮͬѧ롣
ǰЩкͿ۹Ǹ⣬̲סؿŮһۡ
ţȻƯܾ˿ͺԼҲһ˿
õģһ͡˵ͷúƤѥͲվǰ
׼ˣܺãҵʼһ
ίʦһ£Ϳ÷¡˹ͬʱʼϡ
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һĻϵı֮ɫʢ˼֡
ϵƶôļһĶȥ
ʲôɯŮϵʧɫŨ˼֣ȻһûбֳżĶ
ֻڷίʦĶǰһһֱƽ޲һ˿Цݡ
ӽһӺ󣬿÷¡˹ȵƺ˲ϣ̧ʳָϵĲм˷Լڴͳͳȥһ˲䣬ƺеľ񶼼ʳָϡ
ίʦ˵ͷΪһħʦҪܹڸħʱȫע
Ƭ̺Ҳ˲ϵĵơ
Ϳ÷¡˹ͬһҲûжôоӣֻ̧ʳָڲһ㣬ȻƤѥϡ
ļѧЦʲôɯŮٴӹһ˿ʧίʦҲҡͷΧ۵ļԸħ˽ĹҲΪеĲΪ֮̾Ϣ
Ȼڴʱˡ
ʯ硣
ֻһգ۵ĹָƺƤѥϻ˶ʮߡ
һ˲ϢѾԼ
Ƥѥɫͼһ˵ıҲһ
ˣ
Ȼɹˣ
̫˰ɣ
һϵƤѥصͷȻתݸίʦ
ίʦӹƤѥֻһۣɴ۾һ𾪡
ڵ㣡·ƫƫǣǺϰٷְ٣϶ʮװӰʡ
еݲָ֡

ûһĸħ


38 ͵
ίʦƤѥ˫ֲԾز
ԼѾжûмôĸħˣ
ƺһμǲι۸ħʦʱŸħʦˡ˹Ʒ
ѵԼǰѧѾܹˡ˹ħʦΪһŵĸħʦᲢô
ⲻܣ
㣬ίʦз뷨
һʾվһԡ
ϾһίʦѾ϶ӮҲҪȵ÷¡˹ĸħ֮
Ӻ󣬿÷¡˹ֹͣ˶
ħɹͼ󣬿÷¡˹ҲͲסе˷ܣ͸ղŵԼ˹ζһһȭͷ
ħԴѧḽħΪһΡ
һֱӮˣ
÷¡˹һתȴѾһԵȴһ㶣漴Цһ
ҿ죬Ӯô
÷¡˹ذίʦֱĵȴίʦԼʤϢ
ħѾﵽ˸ħʽϵı׼Ҫڵͣˮƽʵںܲίʦ˿̾
÷¡˹ʱͦأưƲһۣȴСӾȻŤͷͷںǸİŮ˵ʲô
һۣȴ˸ա
ţίʦ꿨÷¡˹һⳡĽʤߡ
÷¡˹˵
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ڴ
ޱ顣
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ûɣŵģȻǿ÷¡˹
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ֻôһ䣬ȴҲίʦüëһ
ôҵнô
÷¡˹һæ֡
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˶ίʦȴĴ𰸡
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ʦڿûнôǾԼȨܵսίʦݳκһħͼĸħҪõЧҪȫͶ룬ȡÿһϸڣȻЧԶá
ʦղҲ˵ˣҵĸħѾﵽ׼˰÷¡˹Щίص
ﵽ׼ίʦһ֪֪׼˼νı׼ʵֻһߣﵽ׼ʸ˵ħɹˡ׼ûԶ֪֪ħжٸʧ㲻֪㣬ԵʧоŸٿ
÷¡˹ĿίʦָһһƶɫԽԽѿ
ίʦĵطȷǲɷϵʧ
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ġ
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ţίʦٺһЦеƤѥ÷¡˹
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ⲻܣ
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ǺƽЩľګСӣȻô˵Ӯˣ
أϲ㡣˰ΣʲôɯŮЩѵؿ
ллͷʾ⣬תͷίʦѯһ¡
ڵ֪Լһõȵ˷ʱ䣬׼뿪
ȵȣʲôɯŮ׼ô뿪æס
ʲôôֵŤתͷ
⡭أղҡ˵ŮЩ¡
ɯղſԼ˵ŶˡһŮЩԥЦų
ǣǿɶˡһŮҲǻ
ǰô֤ɱ
˵ɣɯǿɶء

һȺŮߴߴЦţЩͷԡ
ǵĶԻУ֪ʲôɯŮԭӦóɯ
ֻǲ֪ա
ˣ˵ˣһңɯ̲סһţЩصأҸղ˵ˣⳡӮ䣬ҶԷڱˣ㻹ӮôƯҾ㡭緹ôҵô
˵գɯЩŵܾ
˵ʵ⻹ôһһкӡ


39 ˹
ҳԷָָԼһ£ղɯ˵ôһ仰û棬ˡ
ţȻͣǵȻҪѡط˵ɣȥɯ׷ʵ
٣أһҪѡĵطŶԱһŮɯһкӳԷɱʧ
ǣ֪кԷأɲҪ˷λᡣ
ԶԣƼľСݣտɺˡ
УֻƷԺòãҽȥζ¥ĳʦ˵Ǵӿ˹ģպܺá
Ҳ̫˰ɡ

żŮŲͣظ˳⣬̲סЦЦ
ллĺ⣬Ҿû˰ɡ
ΪʲôڳŵļŮһ£ʵ
ɯҲЩŭ벻ԼѵһкӣԷȴôӵؾܾˡ
ԼŮӱӵĿ⣬ȻԼЩһ£Ŵ߹ңŮһȥԷŮӸǷǳòΪ
ף˭˵õͦе
иƨΪŮӸǮôιأɯҪԷģԲýЩӽͰνʿȣϽӦһȥɡ
˵ûɯͷģ㲻ÿôࡣ
Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ
УҪÿ֪һЦҵġ
Ůһ𷭸ۡ
Ǹп׵ļһֲϰ֣ô࡭
Ҫɣͣ´ɯ㣬´Ρ
ԣǶԼηϤˣԺ˭˶һɯ˵ǲǣ
ɯ˼һۣһڰԼô
תͷŵؿſأҪܾԼοɾͶˡ
˭֪ľĵٴҡҡͷ
ܱǸҽԤҵʣʣ롭һŮӳЩֻûòԡ¶һǸЦݡллĺ⡣
˵Щתͷ뿪
Ļָ⼸Ůֻðʲôмܲ˵뷨ء
ɯͼŮȴûκĶȫɵɵؿԽԽԶ
ֱʧתǺ󣬸ղɴ˵ŮŴؿڣιǼһк˵ԼʣʣЦôô
Ůҡͷ
ɯʧķҲ֪ʲôζ
˵òһкȴܾӦŶԣĴȴȫûɡ
Ϊļͥ״Ҳȷղ˵һʳóʣʣû취еʵԡ
ټȫȻûаŤ߲˼ı飬Ҳû취ԼܾĲֻؿ뿪
֪ΪʲôһĲȸղҪǿҵöࡣ
ҵţһҪһһٷǮ
ɯĵȭͷ
Ϊ󻹽ʮ㣬ʱȻصᡣ
һƿţͿһɥԼĴϣĿɢ͡
ôˣ
ײ΢ָһ񣬻תһۣ̾һ
ˣúòҡ
ŶôúòңȻ׵ĶǸ˹һҲ⣬ǶԿ˹Ӯ׵ĹЩ档
ûӴųһ꼶ŵѧ˴ӱѧʦ˵ֺһֽѧԺ¼⣬ʲôӶ֪
ģ⣬׺ȻһСӸǸ̬
̬ˣʣǰЩԼϹô̬ˣ
ҷ˰쾢òײһθħȼסݣתͷһ֪ҿʲô
ס˸ۣûǵıô֪
һͷһСӾȻһθħؼס̣
ʱһ
û˵Ǹħؼס̣ǳ̣
ϻҪǳƾʲô˵̬׻ŸղűΣƺЩ塣С̫̬ˣħһô࣬ŵɵЧҺá̫ƽˣΪʲôô̬ļһ
ſﱧԹĬȻ
ûħؼס̣һħ
Ȼ˵˹Ѿ˲ٶħûеõֱӵϢǰû̫о
ڿȴԼԲֻǴԡ
һȻǸ̬̲סͬ˿׶Կ˹ۡ
ûнӴħ֮ǰ֪ħҪһħѶȴö࣬ȴҲжôֱȷĸ
ǰǡڼӴ˶ħȿ׻Ҫ˹֮
ֻǽӴ˸ħƤѥٶħ򵥵һѣѾ쳣ѣһħȫͬն
ħؼסҪȸħƤѥٶѶȴöˣ˹ȴڱɣɵЧôá
ʮħɴ˿ɼ˹ΪѧԺʮŵѧʵӦá
ˣأòҲ˰ɣ˴˰Σ׺Ȼʵ
Ӯˡ򵥵ش
Ӯˣ׶ʱǰһ˲þ̫ˣСӹȻûйҵܺãһǲڶ飬Ҳúֱӻƴˡ
ȴüͷ
ֻǰʮܳߣʮǿô
Уٶ˸һǰʮ̸ʲôΪǿĸħʦػش𡣡ǶˣӮӦþܽʤǰʮҹƻĵ峡ܼǰʮһǾͿʮǿʤʦˡõĻ˵ھ档һ룬Ǿʱö硣
Խ˵ԽĿףҡҡͷ³֡
˹


40 ѵ
׶ʱס漴йƤ
ģ˵̫˷ܣ̬ˡ׿յץץͷðɣֻʮǿʱҪ̫ˡҵν㣬һ̫Ǿû취ǰˡ
ͷ˹ħؼס̶յĻڵˮƽȻ̫սʤԷ
ôҲûãһǰҲûа취¡Ŀ׵ļ򣬻صԼĴϣǱ챻˵ġһħȫʼרж
˹Ȼ̰ƣҲСë꣬ûʲôʦӦеػǾ仰ȴ˵û
ϣʵ⣬鶼Ҫ
ʱܿȥڼõĲһγɹĸħؼסʱӴ
߰ɣʱ䵽ˡ
ԤѡʱʤѧǲصģҪһͻֺõбͿֻٴηֵ
ϤĳǰʱȴطһϤӰ
٣أôǰһʱģһ˿ɾԶȨˡ
ֻǹһʱ䣬ɯѾһ·
绹ŸħԺһ꼶ƷȴѾļƷ
չϥǵĶȹĸ첲ȹµʱϥǺ֡
Դȴߣȳһ۳ڽбˣӦûһܽתͷʵıӦòɣ
ұˣͲôɯһۡ
ŶллȴǸûɯе˼ֻǼ򵥵ص˵ͷ˶٣ǺȻʲôʵˣıӮô
ɯıʱš
ˣһ
ձ涨ֱӱ̭ˡ
ɯ̧ͷһۣȻ¶һõЦݡ
ƭģӮˣ
ɯһƵóѵЦֻӡ
ŮѶ
٣˵˭ӮɯȻʡ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷӦ֪ħûеһ̣˭Ҷ϶ɹȻǲܹɹ֪ô֪˭Ӯأ
šеɯͷЩ졣
ֻһʣ벻ĻشЩ򵥷ܣϸ֮ȴʵ˺ܶ˼ԶǱô򵥡
ҪҪһѣɯֵ˭˭Է
Ц˰죬û¡
ôĲģɯ׷ʵ
עƽֵ̯Ҿ͸߹ˣֻʳõʣʣԾӮҲûʲôô
ҲܣӮҪҵģҳʣʣҲܾܾҪβҶĵĻҾ㣬ֱһȥһٷΪֹ
סüͷóǰŮһ˵
ðɣҺľˡĸӮ
Ѿˣ㰤ҲһҪճһǮŮһٷȻ˽顣
˵ĻӮӦɯЦ۲˳ѧһָָۣߵǸ
ǺãҾѡұˡ
Ƭ̺ѧ˸ħ
ֹ˴Űӣѧɸħ
ɯ涢ίʦЩš
δһҪӮ
ողԼģӮˣͿһٷ벻ͣʳõʣʣҲһˡ
һȻһ٣ôͿûԷɣȴ׾ܾġ
һ˳ĻͿԵõĽˡ
ɯһΪԼڼ֮еԵʱһЩĪıһ˿޵ŭ
ΪʲôɯһкӳԶٷҪô
ίʦܿ쿴ѧĸħһȺ˽ŵĿע£˺еͷ
ʤߣһ꼶࣬ŵ򡤷Ѷ١
˲䣬Χ˻ȡ˷ܡɥղŻĳΧֺ
ɯؿһίʦȷѧʤٿһᡣ
ˣǷһһٷ
죬һԸٷʲôʱܻ갡
˵ɯȻɥӮ˵ȴҲû˵Ķȥ
ɯһٷֵô鷳ˣǷٷҪڸã
뵽ٴμᶨ˶ҲҪɯԶٷľġ
һһ꼶İ࣬أһ꼶߰࣬˹άμӱͬѧ볡أһڲĻΪԶȨ
ίʦеĺ˼룬˶ɯļ߽˳ء
ίʦǸ󣬺ȻЦЦ
ѧɵħӡʵ̫ˡ
ίʦֻЦЦԱ߰˹άȴһ
ίʦİһϵܺãòȻʱɣ
ڿѡװͲϺ˹άеһɢ
ħƤѥٶȣ
ôͼĸħίʦƫҲӮҵģ


41 з
˹άиǵӺ͸ղŵĵһɢ
ʤߣһ꼶İ࣬ء
ʲôҲţ˹άʱŭʦһƫˣɵֻǸħƤѥٶȣƾʲôӮҵĸħؼסָ
ίʦüͷһ塣
άͬѧ֣صؾ㣬ȨѧԺͶƫ򣬵ûȨıһûƫ㽫ܵѧԺļǹһΡ
ǹ֣֡˹άһ˲ָѣֵʦҲǸ˼ֻǡֻҲš
ʲôԼίʦľҲϻֱӰƤѥ˹ά
Ȼ˹άһƤѥͬĿ÷¡˹һҡ
̧ͷһۣٵͷƤѥ̧ͷٵͷ
Σ˹άڳ̾һƤѥתߡ
һȺΧȺںĿصߣɯЦһأΪʲôαӮñôأ
գգ۾֪ôش
ȷĿ÷¡˹ҲãǸղŵ˹άҲգ˾׼ĸħȴܸԼһħ򵥵ĸħƤѥٶϣ˭
ȻѧϾҲˣܿĸħƤѥٶϵر֮Ҳˡ
ֻǲ֪ǻ᲻÷أ
֪УѾûпԼһĿܡ

ĵģȻӮˣһѧȴڿƤѥȻƾôĸħƤѥٶҲֻһħ򵥵һ˸ħʦˮƽͬʱҪٴαȹ
ίʦȻͬҪѧҲֻò뿪
һΧΧ۵ȺȴҲ֪ˣΪʲôصѧۣɵĸħۣȴܹӮĳл˿÷¡˹һ꼶ɼǰеѧ
ħʲôܳô
ȻжԸħ˽ĹʣϾ΢˽Ĺ
ħ㶼֪Сװ֪֪ٶǰ˭˭˭
ΧȺڵۣüԼӦøıһˡ
ȻħƤѥٶаյһħʹ۾ܴﵽĳδ̫עĿˡ
˵ΧۣЩ̫Ӧ
ҪǣԤѡвħû⣬ϾԤѡеĶֶǿǿһ÷¡˹ȴΪһЩˡ
Ѿʤĳʮǿ̭ٵĶƱرĳĶǿöࡣ
øħƤѥٶһħҲѶ͵ĸħֻܹҲδӮ
٣أӮˣɯڶ
̧ͷЦЦͷ
Ӯˡʣأ
һʼÿǰɯϹΪ͡
ɯֻǰһȥμӰʱҲ̫Զһÿιܿó
ɯͷˡϧҪⳡһӮˣҲԽʮǿˡ
ûаοŮӵľ飬ֻñ졣
ɯһ󣬶ʧܵĳߣֻǾɥһ£»ָˬʵЦݡ
أϲʮǿǰֻпʮǿһҪͣŬΪǰŶ
Ϊ⣿ʧЦ
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Ȼһ¡
ˣ˵ֻҺпˣǿأûнʮǿô
ף˵ס°ɣɯҡҡͷû֡
סЩʧʵҲڴͿʮǿ棬û뵽һȴ̭ˡ
߰ɣأȥЩʧɯСѯʡ
ŶԷһôһ漴Ӧ
̽ʧܣɯ̾˿԰͡ˣһǷٷء
УҲ͡üͷһ壬˶һ¶˾ġɣһҪҳԶٷˡ
˵ʲôңɯһʱ仹ûӦһ£ʱϲðð롭ʣʣҲûϵһûء
ȻԷͱ˳ˡ
һڿԽˣ
˵ˣŮӳԷδҪǳ󣬵һҪգҲóʣʣʲôգҲ̫ûòˡһ¡ɣʳõĺз
ɯʯ
з
ʳʮöͭһо˵һµĺз
Լ
ûзɯԹԵ˵ȥ
ȻѧԺԱСԱ߱߿߳ԡ˵ǺյһֳԷͺüŮһԹô
ɯشʯ״̬֪һȻԼԺзֻ¶ƤҪЦˡ
ɯ˵΢̾
Ȼзǲġ
ȻûкŮӽľ飬Ҳ֪ŮһԷĻѡһΪŵĵطȽϺá
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ɯһκзҲӡ
еĻ˰ɡֵٹ죬ѧԺ⡭
Ȼס
˵ѧԺ⹤ıõɯȥõĵطǺȻ뵽αܻǰĻ͵ðպѧԼѧԺ⹤
ܹĶǮͣ
뵽ܹѧѶղڳһ˿ʧ䡣


42 
ɯһ
ӡеͽӴ˺ܾõ󲿷ʱƽˮı飬жҲֻ΢Цɴû¶顣
ΪԼԥ˺СӵģɯæзͺзˣֻҪ;С
ʲôһЦ
أ֪֪ǡŶǼѣҲġ˵ҪͣҲǱѧԺһأҵġ
ɯסڣΪͻȻ뵽ô˵Ҳڱ˵벻˳Է
ûʲôоʵɯԼǼѽӴһ£ǵԸ񶼻ͦǸŮֱˬʣӡеŮ
ǺðɣϾͳԺзˡ
ӦţȴҲã˷̫ʱ䣬оħ
˹Ķһħϰ֮⣬иħƤѥٶħҪʱ;ȥѧϰ
Ҫ˵׶е˸ָħı
ԤУűʲôħ϶ѵöˡ
ֻҲ벻ףǸΪʲôű͸Ҫͼ
ʲôأ߰ɡȻʼɯߴٵ
Ŷá
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ףǸأ˿ں۸ղűеĵʧһתͷȻԶʧڵ·תǵӰ
˳˿ָķȥȴֻܿһӰ
СһⱾ죬ֻҪʶˣԶҲһ۾ϳ
û
ղԱߺһŮѧ˿ЩԼķ֡磬㲻˵ûŮѵô
ۣᷭ˭ԱߵľһŮѵģȷʵеְ
֮еĵ飬ѧԺڳǸסµͬ⣬ûκнͬѧ
ںŮӵĽ㡣
۸ķ鱨һﶼؽɵǰʹͽеһƴҪ˵̸ŮѣѧԺŮ˵ʱ١
磬׷ȥ鿴Ҳ֣˿ʱ˷ܵҺܺĸŮӻῴһ
ؿ˿ûֹΪԼһʲôȤǲݵġ
˵ܹһ꼶ʱ;߱мħʦˮ׼Сʱ򿴵һħʦʹħе棬ȻƴоĽ
ҪȥȥˣҸձ꣬ˡڰֵ
ãȥˣ˿û˵ĻᣬȻ˸ձħʣ޼Լ˸ôĿŵ׷˹ȥ
̧ͷ˿ڸ߿ʧӰĬ
˿Ȥ֮ף˰ɡ
˿ûᵽô룬ȻҲȥһֺô죬ֻ˷ܵڿԶԶǸʶŮ߽ѧԺʳãһһһз˳ȻѧԺСӱߣ˿طá
˵ŮѡǸŮɾһʯͷ£ԼȴԱһط˿ӣһŮѵĻôôϸģط
˿ڸ߿ĿĹˣСӰߴʱвٶŮѧһԷоΪܣȻѧԺеС¡
ⲻ֣СӸǷѧԺġרܶѧԺڵѧϲԼѻŮһӰ߿߽͡
Ŷ
˿һޱҸıǰҫ
ǿأأϴμʱûŮѵģôż칦򣬾ѾһţŮȻûƯʻһﵹ۹ġŮŤŤȥĸʲôһܵӣѲɡѲͻȻǸˣ
˿Ƿ´½һ㣬˼֣ɯ۾գһ¶Ը⡣
ɯܣȻ˿ġǸˣǵ˺ӱһһŮܵСӱ߿ϦͣǺܶŮͬѧеķѧԺڶô
ѵĻôһСˮԱС΢Ҷɳɳٿһ£ɹΣȷǳ
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ǲǹģô֪طҴ
Ҫǵʱĺзŵͺˡ
зҪֻ֪ҳԺз᲻Цң
С

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зóôȻ𡣡ҿ㶼û
ɯѹһֻʣһķУٿԼѹû򿪹ķУһæҵش򿪣ҲûʲôҨһ׾͡
ڣɯüͷ
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ͦóԵģġɯæҨһһߴ׽ţһ¶Ц㿴ͦó԰
ǿԼ֪зζáȻŵЦݣҡҡͷʵ㲢ҪΪչҵĶǿԼԵģģʵûֶУҲϰˡ
ɯһͣ¾׽Ķ
仰Ӧ˸ˣΪʲôĿȴڽ˿̺ˮʣ̫һȻأ
Ӧúܳٶ۵ļһôȻͱô
֪ΪʵԼĻҪҳԷǿ˵ĻҲûܲܺһŮӵһһԷŮӸˡֲȥʳѳԵʣʣЦЦֵ룬ֻԼһٻȥķȻˡӦǺϺˡ
һѵҶĳӣɯ֮£ס롣
Ҳ֪ǲɺϣĴ㾹Ȼһģһ
ʵһ֡һ£ɯʵأΪʲôôעνأҪ֪ǡʵЩνĹ֮⣬ûעЩġ
ûкŮӽЩǿ׸ҵġѧԺΨһѡĬƬ̴
ƺűߵĻȴܺõػشɯ⡣
˵ͷȻ֡
أղ˵ѧԺΨһѣôڣԸԸܵڶأ


43 ר
˿ԶԶؿ֮ΣֻоĪ
˵ĶԻҲܿóǸŮȷŮѣΪ֮ûκǵľٶ
ǸŮڸ֣
ʲô˼ѵйŮܵרϦˮ̸̸ͣ
ܲħɣ˿ֹ
ɯĽ۰֣ãûȥסʵΪʲô
ѻҪΪʲôôȥɯڷſˣָˬʵЦݴҿ˳ۣ˲ֵѣ͹ˡ
ǲʶһ졣
˵ʵͬͬѧ˿һ꣬˵õҲ
һôˣЩһʮϵȻĮһЩֻ࿴һ۾ͻΪ֮ʶһѾ㹻ˡɯȥһЩôأǸкӣҪôŤŤɡ
ҿʱ򷴵кһЩЦЦ֡
ɯʮֹ⻬˳ȥǡһʪ˵
һգϽ˳
ˣȻˣڽô
ͷ
ڷѧԺ˿׺˹֮⣬ɯӦǵֱֵˡ
ŶǸ˿ҲֱӺԼ֣̫ȷ
ԸңΪʲôħ˰ɣɯ۾һʵʦǶ˵ܵİ
Ҳûʲôرģֻ˰ˡ
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ħƤѥٶȻ򵥵һħҪĸħɯǳˣǶֻ¾δˡ
Ҫﵽ˵ġħĵزǵϰٴβпܣ
ôǮɯȻûֱʳ仰
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ܼǧΣٴΣ
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ںһԱȡпɱô
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ȴ֪ٴθħƤѥٶ֮ǰѾٴθħؼס̡
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⡭Բ𡣡
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ʮôħƤѥͼΪͼ߽ܼĵطܵǰɵߵĸšҪʵܼ򵥣ֻҪڻߵʱǿһЩ룬Ȼֳһֵֿžˡ
ǿɯüͷʦҲұЩˣټǿһЩȻҪȥֿţǻֲȥ
еĻʵһȡɵķߵĽϣܼƻܵߵĸţƫԣƫԣڻߵʱ򣬰һ²еԪ֮ܵĸžͻٺܶࡣ
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΢΢һЦֻзְˡ
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ЦҡҡͷʵôΣҲ뵽ġʹĻΪϱ׼΢Ӱ츽ħЧģõķȻʦڿϽġ
һɵþɶˡɯˣڶڸħƤѥ⣬Ϊʲôÿξɹˣڵȴǻᳬ׼أôעⶼС
һ㣬ħƤЬȻǽΪ򵥵һħȴһħΪĻԸħÿߵԶͬ
֪ÿα任ԵʱҶעģһʱ任ˡ
ڡʵͼϱʾֻ˵ߴ󲿷ҪԣһʼͻĻΪ߽ӵԻ̫ǿңײһЩͻǾͻӰ쵽ϵԪ֮ɽڵ㡣ڻԵʱһʼֻһЩȻ󽥽ǿƽȹɵһԡ
ԭˡǵ⣬Ϊʲô



44 Ǹ
˿תͷϾҪȥϦ˸ĹǷ
׷뿴Ůѵʲôӣ뿴Щľګļһ̸ʱʲôȤģ˭֪벻׷һȴôһ¡
һտʼλе˼˿ܹǺķչ
ǽ¿ȴ֣ȻʼôĵطϿˣ
ĵļһ˿޺޵صɯһۣ뿪
Լһ˿Ʈ𣬿һ۳ķŤȥ
˭֪ոշû˿ȻоСһһůڱӿ
ǰɣȻʱ˿д󺧣ȴֻԼȫƺȫǹů뿪Լ塣
ղŻħ˿ȴҲ޷ָӵöҲܱ֣˿ոշɳһʯͷ㻭һߣ·׹䡣
ۿžҪײϵ棬˿һҧ촽ָһ˿ѣǿпסڵħǿԼһȻһŤӲڿת˸
ͨ
һʯҽˮеʱоħɯѡ
Ȼ촫ķȴֻһɫĳںˮƯ
ã˵ˮˡ˻վ
Ҳû룬񱼼ˮĺӰߣһԾͨһ
СˮļСڼиĺжˮԣû±˹ȥ
һ̽ȴֻôһƬ
һæѹתֱסȻƴӰλء
Ƭ̺Ůϰƽڵ󣬶һʱһ
˿
ɯɿؿһۣʶ
š˿̵Ȼûϸϸ˵̽̽˿ĺƽ
˿쿴˿ȷҲûڻºȽˮ֮߰Ķһ
ֻΪܵʱˡڡʱע⵽˿ϵﱾͲ࣬һЩ˿ʵᱡʣڱˮһϱ͸
滹һ״׵£ֻںҲ̫ࡣ
һ죬ϽԼϵ׸˿ϡ
Ȼʱȴ֣˿ĴڲྐྵȻһ˿˿Ѫ
ˣ󾪡
ɯ˳Ŀȥһ㶣˲׹һ죬æ˿ϵ·³˳
ںΣգϽҸطϴˮ裬һ·
Ůӡȥôʡ
Сɯҡͷȴûнԭ򡣡ǻҸùݱȽϺá𷢴ˣϽңҿɱ
һ£֪ڲǽЩʱ򣬸˿ɯ°˿ͷԼؿסȻɯһڿ񱼡
ΪѧԺĹϵùݲ١
ûӱһùݳ˽ȥȻùϰͼ˾㵵Ŀٶȿһ䷿䡣
ȥһŮӴ·ȥȡڰϴˮ裬ȥءɯһһԡҵţƬ̺ڱ𻩻ˮ
ˮŮһϴΣһ죬ǿ񣬱ùݡ
к˿ֻԼ·һ˲˱һ㣬ȫȱ
ѾĩĺˮȻô䣬˿֪ΪպáǸˣ̫Żвִ
˿мˮԣǸպֽŶѵöֻƾԼ屻ˮԽԽԶ
ܿ죬ԼԽԽ䣬ʶҲԽԽģ
ѵ˿кȻһ˿־뷨
ʱһֺֻȻ֪̽ؿڡ
оؿѾúܲļֻͦͻĴְס˿˼ŭ⣬ȻӴִůв˼ְġ
оԼƺ뿪СӣȻԺһһŮִʲô
ֱǸӺᱧıܣ˿ؿڵͷһһεײϡ
ˣ˿һţһȴ־ôӶԷŴϢаȫС
ó̲ûгãܿоԼ·£ȻŮƺк˵˼ʲôһ죬оֻ˹ȻȻʼ·
ֵֻỬϸоǵӦǸŮ˿Ȼú޲Ҹضȥ
ʶʼûбѹ·ʹĸ״ҲûУ
Ȼ˿̸
·ºָоһˮ嵽ϡ
û϶ϼ
ոմӺڶˮŷǳǿҵĿ־塣
Ƭ̺ȴоˮʮȣԼϺڵĺ⽥ˮһ͸˳ȥ
ƤҲźȥԽԽءԽԽءڣ˯˹ȥ


45 򻯰渽ħ
˿ٴ۾ʱȿģһס
˿룬ϳס
ޡһڣȴԼȻǳ΢
Ȼ۾ȴ۾һ˿˿ӡһֱЩľګεϲɫ
ˣӦһѹʾ˿ȲҪ˵תԶ϶˹һӡһ֭ҽ˵ոܵϮúһ
˿˶첲ƺҪӣæҡҡͷǲҪҶҡιɣ
˿Ŭ˶첲ԼȷûʲôԼȣֻᡰšһ
һεȸղűѹ·æϴ軹Ҫǿҡ
ΪϾǸкӡ
ô󣬳Ͳ¡⣬ûкͱкô׽
ҺһҪǱĲʶкӵĻһһͷײˡ˿ƽ롣
֪ΪʲôȻֻǺʶû죬ӴҲһΣ˿ܾһԶѧԺЩѧ˷ĵöࡣ
֭˿оԼָ˼ʰ׵ĹʼشԼĵط
ŵһӲӲѵȫʹľ崲Ӧֻһ졪˿޵ġͷϵ컨Ϳ϶ɾǽ涼мơⳡĶ棬һһģһĴͬһŮӡ
ԭ˿ϳǸղűΪŮѵǸŮӡ
뵽Լ·ϴ裬˿һ졣
ǡڴʱ·Ǳʰ׵ŮƤ˶˹
ףڸʲô˰Ů۾˿Ĵߣһľϲˣˣ˶٣ָָָָԼ֪˿ʶǰɣãѣԽɯ
˿ɯһͨŪǿڣ㡭áǰҾô
ţ׼ȷ˵ģҿɲӾɯЦʮˬ˿ƺҲָһ˿
ôڸоΣ
һЩˡ֭Чã˿о彥ָתٰһæô
ʲôպʢһ߹һ·ʡ
ȥ֪ͨһҼôôûлȥǿ϶ڵҡ
áͷݸɯʾι˿Ȼڿڴͣóݸħ
Ʋϣɯ˿Ī
ڸʲôɯȻʵ
̫ˣڸ渽ħһ£¶һ
˿ûʲôɯȴǵɴ۾ŵ
ħ渽ħʲôħµģôû˵
ŶǸħȵļ򻯰棬˹ʦ̹ҵġħ֣ÿֻּܱСʱһֱάȥֻʱá
ɯһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ںӱʱֻΪʱҲʲô⣬һѡ˶ȤĻˡ
벻ȴ⣬ڸħƤѥٶȷǳͨͨһħ
ɯΪ˶һغһЩһħ̣ȴȻܹش÷ǳ͸ȻҲǺо
Ҿɯ֪ЩħÿλشܹЩħи̵ʶһЩܹʶħǰоѵҲӭж⡣
Ǹʱ̵ظоǰڰûʲôڸеʵӦǰϸħˮƽߵġ
ڣȫɯĸһùݷĵ渽ħղ˵ʲôħȵļ򻯰棿
ûǴĻħӦħŶԣǼ򻯰棬ôһһ꼶ѧܹյģ
֮࣬ɯȻһ˿ҡ
û˵ʲôħȵļ򻯰˹ʦ̵ĶԼŪģȻǷɡ
ֻ˲һ˵ĸħ׼뿪ùݷ䣬ȴȻתͷ
˿ҡ
һСʱ󣬵һȺǷʿƾɵùʱùϰŵüಡͻΪԼ͵˰©˰عˡ
ȵӦ͵˰©˰عˣҲôǷʦںùȴѾȫЩǷĿ֮¡
ùеĿȫڷﲻùϰҲϽԼδ
ЩǷ˿ǵж⵹Ҳûʲôֵ飬ֻ˰СʱǱ㱻֪Իָɡ
һȺǽٺ以ཻţȴ˭Ҳ²סγǷ⡣
ֻùϰڼ鷿ʱ򷢾ղŷѧԺƷѧӵһжŮųǷһʧˡ
϶йء
ȻùϰֻܰΪǷ֮ǰһСӳģ׳רž
Ҫй¶ȥԼ֪ʲô
׳ıƽҲûôȴѾŵùϰûаַ뷨


46 
С
ڰ֣ʾԵ£Ȼվؾһ
ҴĸԼҲ˿ϵл⡣ǳ档ǣ˿θ㲻ûΣա
һ˿ºһ˿ǵʱ˿һȥĻôᷢ顣
ɯæվܿһԡ
̫ˡ˿һ¡ҲʶҲһȥȵġοһʶ
ô˵ǾһͷȫҶμסݶ飬ʲôˣҲ˵Щ̫ӹ׵Ļɯ֡ԸԺҵѶԴô
ɯͬʱɯֵһĻ̲סʧЦ
ôԸôȻ
ֻҲ֡
ɯĽ£ΪʲôЦ
⵹ˣȻԸɯΪĵڶѣԸΪĵô˶٣˿ҲһԸ㵱ѵģԸΪĵĸô
Ҳ֪ʲôӣȻһӽλѡЦЦֺա
ԸǺܲԸ͹ӵǲ˿ǷǳĶŮϾˡ
Ǻᡢ˿ӴκȴŮûѧԺЩһĹѧһֺǳͷһ㣬Ƿǳ׽ӽ
ԥһº󣬱ĺ⡣
ٺɯֺ¶һοЦݡ
ܺãȻˣҲͲллȥôԵ̫ˡȻգգ۾֪֪Ϊʲô˿Ȼǰĺô
ΪʲôɯһۣҲЩ档
Ǿ˿ֻʧȥģڿǱ顣
ʵ˿ʱпɯһ֣ǰʱ㻹ûŮѵģô߾ͺȻһŮӡˣЦ˵ɯŮˣں׷˹ȥ
˶ʱ󾽡
ȡ˿ȻˡεصҺɯŵһʶŶŵһʶôҵŮѡһ벻ͨղ˵˿Ƿϵħʦǿ϶ɵİɣôʧأ
һ£ֵˡ
Ӹղҽ˿ĽԼ˿ߺպĸ״ԼĻУƶϳʵ࣬ʵô˵
ֻһʹ˿ϵѪʵɯεͲԵ͵Ц
Ů˵ڵܣԲģһһֱȥɡ
ɫѾˣҲصѧԺҼס°ɡ֣һ˷Ըȥź÷䣬Ȼ̾˿˿κϣħʦԺһ꼶ıлúεģڿȴûϣˡ
ţ
˵븽ħԺʮǿˣ
šûΪʲôôϢͨ
ŬһΰɡȡúóɼĻ˿ӦҲ˵ġ
šͷ
Ҫ˵Ϊ˿ΪԼҲαȡúΡ
׼ȷ˵ǰ
Ƭ̣Ȼվ
Żûе˯ʱ䣬Ҵȥһطתתɣһϲġ
ɯٴλ࿴һۣͷȥ
Ĵռؼĳȥ֪˶ٸȦһǰվס
ǼҵĲңŴҲ֪ǶٱȿʼѾһֱڡ롭ӦЩǻаЦʾǰ̴Ӵ򿪴ţɯ˽ȥ
˸һţʱһ
ҵĴſر𣬵źȴҵĿռȻó档
ĿĹˣһ£ҳнףҲ̫࣬ͷϵĸ߶ȸ¥֮ߡ
޴ĿռֻһŸߴܡ
ÿ֮ľֻһֻպ÷һӡ
ôУÿһܶ˸ʽ鼮ֻۻҡ
޷Ƴﵽжٱ顣
Ƽ𾪵ɫ¶ԺؽܵҴһȿʼÿһ˶ᾡռԼܹռĸʽ鼮ȻͻйɷࡣѾнӽ꣬Ȼоαʣ󲿷鼮Ȼرԡʵڶ̫浽жٱ顣
һɯϵıָ
ᣬѵһЩ͸ħйص飿ʵ
ûȥħ鼮̴ӷԸһȻʾϣ߱ߵȻ֪⿴鲢ĶǶжİ˴Ӹ;ռĺܶϡر飬Һ˿ħϵʱܶʱ򶼻ᵽѰ𰸡룬ӦûҲһЩа
̴ӵĴǰͣ¡
ֻɨһۣһ
ʮβԡȻ￨ʦԱдһ棡죡Ȼ￨ʦıʼǣ⡭̫˼ˣ
ûеܣԼѾ˹ȥ
ۣⱾȻѾġĻ
񰡣ȻС۶ħһħ𡷣Ҫ飡
ⱾУƫǶԸħЧӰ졷ⲻǱħʦΪô
Ȿ
Ȿ



47 峿
˽Уɯֻܴؿš
ôҲû뵽ƽʱ쳣ƽʲô鶼ݵȻΪЩôȡ
ðΣһع
Ҫȥ뿴ʲôǶҪȥԱߵ̴ӷԸһɯôҪҪҲ
ɯЩãȻҡҡͷ
֪Ϊʲôһֻһ꼶ѧħˮƽȴҸôˡ
ῴһ۴ʱһȫۿһۣǶԸħ˳ԵĻôھôߵˮƽ
ŹȻУͶ뺹ˮĻκһŶֻͣϣܳΪ˲š
ҽ컹ˣӣҾҿ϶ȥġɯֵ
΢΢һЦҲǿ̴Ӷ˼䣬Яɯһ뿪ҡ
뿪֮ǰֿһԶԼѡһǷǳˡ
ڶһ磬ɯ˯
ǰİĻ˺һԼϤ˯˳һҹ
췢飬ɯ񻹾Լһ㡣
˵һ֮ȴͬǰԺмȫûʲôӡƯӮ˱ССذһ
ȻԽıԽú档
ΪʲôڰϼûʲôڸУȫ۵ĸħˮƽȻøߣ
տʼҲһΪֻǶԸħƤѥٶرóѣΪͳԷ⣬ʼ͸ħ⿪ʼֺ̽ŷ֣Լ
ЩħʦһֻóһָħѣǼеһħΪó
ԸħʶҲԶҪߡ
ܶǰ벻⣬һ㱻ͬԷһɵؽ
ںܶκһʦκһαϽ̹ġ
ȴܺ׵Щܹãһ
ȻʱɣֻħȻ뵽ġɯǶԸħﵽһȣǾЩġ
벻
͸ˡ
ȻһˮŮ
Ůǵͬѧ
ŮǳŮ
ŮΪǸ˲ŻƲסħˮġ
뵽㣬ɯס͵Ц
Ǹ˿ŮԺԼӦûûʲôϾҶŮӡ
ټ

ɯ̲סһͷЦ
һŽƽȴȻ޷ȫȥЦ
ĿͷʩȻݳ޺ģɯȴ⣬ʹ߷ڵʩȫϴϣȻھǰһ飬صͷƿš
ɯС㣬簲һŮ͵Ⱥ⣬ɯʩһڡҪô
ɯͬһ׼ڣʣ
ԲֻɯСģԡŮ¶ɫ
ɯͷǺðɣȥˣȥ
ߡŮұ֣ǰ·ү˿СԼһں԰͡
ˣɯüͷ
ǼСùݵʱǳԴһСӳǷǰ˿ߡ
ۼĳǶô
Ȼ
ղ˵˿ô
Ȼ׼˵С㡣Ů¶һ·ĸ׿ƤŮЦݣҡҡͷ
ɯ΢΢һ㶣˿ڳһЩദòϵӦûܣȻŮͲ¶ֱ顣
뵽ɶ˿۸˼֡
ŮͻȻ飬˾Ȼʮ侲ȻڵأҲӳһŮ»ûзִ硣
ŮʹȣתǰȻʣһΪԺɯǰ
٣ɯ簲ԶԶر㿴ɯĵ߹к
簲ɯЦŻӦ
ĿԽᣬȻǰƺϵСԲߣѾĳ˺˿Χһ
ͷɯǰһ簲
簲
˲ûֻͷ΢Цʾ⡣
ɯſ˿ӭ˿Ŀ⡣
˿һɯתͷԼʱһ죬ȴûбܿĿ˼󷽵ͬʩһ׼簲
簲
簲
ɯһ˿¡
˳˺һۣȻյ˿˵Ļ
˿ɫǺ죬Ƭ̺ȻһЦ˳ƫͷִյɯ˵ʲô
ɯҲٴյ˿ԡ
һѾǷǳܵһ˵Ц
ʼ磬һοЦݡ
˶ܵ˿᲻Ϊ¼ʲôӰڿȴӦûʲôˡ
ɯ˿̸ЦһѾ˶˹
׼ʱȻʲôʵˣأôûỹ˯ɣ
˯Цû˯
ɯ˿Ȼ۾
û˯˿֪ΪʲôɯȴӦѵһ϶ڲ￴飿
ͷ
ûҵġȥ󣬵ڶûгһ٣Ѿ˰͹ȥˣϣǳԾͺá
ôУ
ɯ˿Ȼͬʱڡ
ȻһۣͬʱԷϵĹ֮⡣
ѵ˿
ѵɯ
ͬ˼е
վɯھãȵ컹бأҪһϲ˯ôоμӱ
ߣȥ˿Ȼ
ĸ˶Ȼ΢죬ȴӭ˵Ŀ⣬ɫһûкúллء
ɯɫŹֵشյ˿˵˾ʲô˿ʱֺ˼֣ɯһֱۣ뿪
ɯϽ˺ʩһЦŸ˿ȥ


48 ͨ
ʣ³˺
һ˲Żڣᣬô
ɫѾúˣֻǸͨѧͥҲͨɯûü顣
ȥ顣˵ɡӦòͨ˼ҵŮûдСܵϿĻܹôڡ
ǵġڼ͸״ʱҲһŮôЩšᲹ
Ȼǹӽ˿Ϊ˿İȫ㻹Ҫֵ
ǵģĸ״ˡ
Ǹüͷ˿ƺܸȤⲻʲô󡣱Ͼ̫ͨˣ䲻˿ᣬܵĻ㾡˿Ӵ
ȴûеͷЦĸ״ˣֲǲ֪˿ĸԣȻѾȤǡ¾ǹⲻӴĻֻȤ
һ٣һºɫĸ״ˣʵҾοˡ
ŶǳټطԼ΢΢Щ⡣
ղ˵̫ͨˣ䲻˿ʵҾãȻͥͨ˵ǳƶȴһҲͨ
˵ǸħôغһƬ½ϵźܶ࣬ɲÿŶܳΪ˲šҾĳΪ˲ţȻֻǸƽô˿ǡܳΪҶħʦô
а֪̾ĸ״˵ûôţվƽ
˿һ֮ŮݣҪһǼǲܵġ
ܹĸ״˵Ϊ½϶Ҷħʦ
ܹΪ½ĤݵҶħʦνƽȻϰǻĽǼȻиŮܹ޸Ҷħʦ
ޣ뵽ʣȻЦĸ״ˣҾáǲǿǵ̫Զ˵˿Ҳǵκ棬ҲֻʱȤѡҲ֪СͶԺܶ鶼ȤܼģΪֹҲֻħͻ滭롭
һˣԶô˴ᡣҲΪֵ飬ᣬһҪ
Ц
˿˿𣬾ûκֹܹȥȤ顣
һĸ״˺ͿʵҲĸ״ͬ
ϸ˵˿֮ԻԸǰĸ״ȴҪռܴһֹ͡
˵ʲôأ
ֻܿЦ
ɯ˿˳ҵʱȿż㲵׺˫Ѫ˿۾
ףԼˣôˣôǼ춼ûϢõӣ˿Ȼʵ
СôôܵģΪ׳ʵһ̴ûлش⣬Ȼʵ
Һܺðǿܾġ˿תһȦ׷ʵˣأôû
Լ˺ͱӿЦһָָԶܡ
үǱ߿ء
Ŷȥ˿ǣɯָ֣ķɱȥ
һֱߵǽܣǲſԶһȡܶ鼮õӴӶˣ۾ضһ顣
żᷭһҳһ˾Ѿһ
ɯ
ûзӦ
ɯֺһŶ˶٣ĿޱãȻתͷ
ɯ㰡һϳˡף˿С㣬岻ҪôôҲˣ
ӣ˿ȴȫû˸ղŴӻ԰һ·ɱƣֻشӱšһ
˿ǺպһĿⶼ֪ŵ飬һԵɯס͵Ц
ûз˿ĲףȻ鼮֮С
ȹһİжû취һ׼ȷ֣ΪܶʱֻǴЩϻһЩԸħʶˡ
ǣûʵϵߣЩʶȴܹԸħ˽ܹһԺħϵܹõĽӴܹһȫµĽǶпǡ
ܶʱǡǡֻһСطȫ¿ܹıħĽ
ʱһֱΪûʮնȥʵʸħĸħƤѥٶȣڿǱ۶ħһħ𡷺󣬾ԴһЩµ뷨
ȻȻûʮգȴѾһԵ
ֻǰѿĶǿмԴȵȥЩ֪ʶܹ٣Ҳû취˵
ôһˣɯʵôˣȥ˯ô


49 
ɯǸղżΪߺյ˿ɴ˫ۣ˼
˯ɯָָҵĴšԼȥʲôʱˣ
˿˵ı飬ٳԶһƣ̴ӣӦ
ѵѾˣô죿
죿ǹ˼ɵ鼮ɯ޲óһͷϡ㿴鿴һͨˣԼоôҪǲĻ׼ʲôʱȥһֱ̲סô
˿һۣ˼ЦЦ
ʵĺһֱҴȥ
ĺܶ鼮Ǿġ
㲻Щ֪ʶİһ㣬ҲһֱǼǳ顣
Ųءɯһ䣬˿С
Ŀµ˫ɨ˿˫ְԼϵΣֺһ졣
ͣƬ̣һ̧ͷ۾
԰˹֮ϵظлҴӷ˹ĪоȻء
˵꣬˿ʩһŮ
Ҫܿƺʲôǿס˵ͷӦԸ˹ĹԶ㣬ӴԶ˹Ī
˿ӽ˽Żֱ𣬿Ŀи˼ֺ档
粻˵ֻǸСôΪʲôǶ֪شô׼أ
ˣ˿ǶˣͲҪô˰ɣɯȡЦ᲻ߣҲܼˡɲҪˣ㻹б
ãȻƬ̣漴һ𡣡ʲôʱˣ
ɯһЦ֪żˣõģֻǸոʼӦûкüСʱ㹻úóԸٸϻѧԺˡҽ˯һСʱͺáָܻһͻָһȻ϶Ӱ졣
۾һ£ȻԼȻоܿܣʵȻΪһû˯Щƣ
״̬ҪϸĸħĻȻһĸӰ졣
ʵ̫Ҫʧ
룬ת˿˿С㣬Լ˺ͷ˵ǸôֱӻصѧԺͲǵˡ
ھô˿㶡ҪҼ˯СʱɣȱʼǰüĳֱȥѧԺˡ
ҡҡͷˣҿ˯ȣǻصһЩɯأһѧԺô
ȻҪȥ»Ҫء
Ǻá˿ͷ˿С㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
׼ߣȴлŵǱ飬룬̾˿Աߵ̴ӣתſȥ
ֱɯʧſڣ˿ŷӦ
ߣȻһµ˼ûУ˿һţѵǼҵĿͷûѧԺǸ˯ô
뵽ʲôϺһ죬۾¶һõЦݣСħƵĹâ⡣
£뿪Ǽң뿪ѧԺɣ
ɯصѧԺ󣬲ûкɯѣ򵥵صᣬͷ˯
ԺҲ֪˯˶ãȻоԼӱҡͬʱϤ
٣
۾ӴãȻضſ׿롣
ʲôʱˣ
쵽ˣ㻹Ͻϴɻʵ˵ϵĶȥˣȻһ϶ûᡣҪŮԼȥˣҿɲš
ϤĶһȻûкŮԼôţɯ˿ŮȴвܵĽӴ
һ㵱Ȼǲܸ߿׵ġ
ȥ̻ͼݿһ顣
飿һͨȻбİѵ㡭Ĳô
ֻҪ˹һĵġ
׵ͷ
ϱͬѧ֪ʵô֪ܲ
һ꼶г˿˹Ǹ̬⣬ѧû취Ტۡ
ҵǵһϲ˯񲻡
׻û˵꣬ȴһˮشͷ
ȻѾٽ£վ޷ȣһˮ£̲סȫս˯ѵƣȴҲ֮ȥ
ֻؿ
ȵӴ·վڿǰʱ򣬱ѾָƽʱǸƽģ
߰ɡ
ʼ磬һš
ף㡭·ϣ˿һۣԥƬ̲ſڵûнʮǿ
ϼһ䣬ֻܹ̫ˣһ˹Ǹ̬Ϊ˰һɱΧġȻһ꼶Ｘļһ﷭̭ˡ
׳̾һҡҡͷˣ˵ңԼҪСġڿʼʮǿֿɲԤѡôɵעⲻܵġ
ͷ
ˣʮǿ̱˵ѾˣȥɡֵˣҪǰôҲҪǿˣҲлʤõ
ٴεͷ¹ԺľԴһˡ
ûµʱ򵽴ȥˣô˶Щвȥ׺Ȼֵݹһֽ
ӹһȴǼ
һЩ⼸ʹõĸħԼսʤĶ滹м˷
һ֪Щ򵥣ҪռȫĻȴҪѲٵʱ;
лл
٣ֵܻʲôл֡ЦлҵĻͰЩһȫɵȻǰѧǰ쵰úÿΪЩѧͺ۸
ЦЦͷٿһֽ档
Ϊʲôûп˹֣
һۡ
Ǹ̬϶Ƕ֣㵹ùҸҪдȥο
׺Ȼ΢졣
ҸͲ֪Ǹ̬ʵ⼸Ԥѡֻ˼һħսʤ˶֡ǴҶ֪һܶħ϶ʵǳԼ⣬Ҳûܹó
ֽɨ˼飬⼸˵μ¡
Ǻ⼸ˣΪֽϵֻͣһħķΧڶѡ
ͨЩѧϰʵǿҵţֻҪҶֻʹһħԲκˡ
˹
ˡôˣ
˵䣬ѾħԺĹʾǰ˿ȴΧ˺һȺˡ
ϾѧԺڲϵÿһѧѧԺĵλԹĵѧȻܶࡣ
˺ò״˸λӲȥ
ǵڹʾҵһ꼶λãȻҵ֣˳̭ķֲͼϸϸһ£׶ʱһ
üͷҲ
ΪھֲԶһЩ۵֡
ķ˹


50 ԩ·խ
ûһķ˹
ǰ̱ʾķ˹ʤĻǾͽڵ
ǡǡǰǿս
Ϊ˻ǰѧҲҪǿôǿս˵Ӯɡ
ķ˹ʤĻôѧԺһ꼶нʮΪŵѧͽΪĶ֡
ķ˹пǰ̭ôȻܡ
ҪսʤħԺʦ߶ѧ
ںܶһ꼶ѧУ췽ҹ̷
һûκΰա
Ȼһħǿģķ˹һȴѾ˺ֶܶħ
һħͶħͲһΣ
׿һۣ죬ƺҪοһȴһģ϶ѧǰһĹ˵α̱Ŷѧ϶ǡ
ֹ̧֣˿׼˵ȥ
Ǹı䲻˽һɫָһƽǲѧĹʵѾˣ˵ٶҲûá
ٳ̱һۣͷߡ
٣ȥĶ׽סڱߺ
Ϊܴ̫ҪȥʲôɵأʲôתͷȴһĪı顣ȥԷ㲻
һСؿ˿ϵı飬ȷֹһһʳá
һȴǰһȴʳʣʣǺͨѧһһķˣڿ𾪵Ŀµһݽţ⡣
һݽţͼֵһңԵֵǰһڵĻʳѣ
㡭û£棬˹سǰûԹķˣֻзë
ʲô£ֵؿ˿һۡ
㡭ָָǰķˡ
׼ˡ
׼׼ʲôĪ
û͡
Թһһ¼򵥵˶Ȼص˯һʱǽӽ㡣
һˮ裬ϴһ£ͿһѧԺĴ㳡
ԤѡıطɢѧԺڸͬʮǿ̭¡صöˡ
ǰѧԺ쵼ٿһǳʽĿ´ǣһķǳɭҲϯ̨´Ǳʾףء
һӦֻǷѧԺڲеı¶Ϊ֮Ŀһ
ȻЩûʲôϵ
겻㳤ȴҲ̵ѧԺ´ǺհԼҪϳıǰ
ԤѡֻǼ򵥵Χһ鳡ز̭ͬıһĳнӽʮ׵̨
̨Ϊħʦ֮ıصȻݳЩαϾѧԺڲı˸ħԺ⣬ԺѧͬҲЩϡ
̨̫󣬵ԶʿԺħʦԺѧ̨ȴ̫Сˡ
٣һϤ
ϹתͷһȻɯ
٣ôһ𣬵ˣʵ
֮⣬һ꼶İ໹һѧͬʮǿǾɯ߹ᡤпˡ
ȻϵͬѧȻҲܽʮǿ⣬ΪڰϱûдڸУп˺ıͬʱʼ԰ϼеͬѧȥп˼ͣȴ˿ûһ
ֱڶһɯ
ѾôˣҸҲҪȥɯʼ磬һԻڴĿ֡٣ףãѣԽɯ
¡ѣ׵Ŀɯɨ˼飬һģ
˵Сʲôʱɯˣô֪
졣
죿Сûء׿ɯһۣϽѺĻ̽˶ӡ
ɯ΢΢һ죬Ȼ׿׵˼
뵽ʵܽӴĿɲӦ˿ɯЦ
Ҫ˿ҲĻֻűͺ˵СǺɡ
Ŷ˿Ը˵߳ŭһдȥĿԸ
ɯ˿ħʹ⿲׵Σϲ¶һ˿ΣյЦݡ
ֻȫһԭɯĿ˲
һԿţȴһ˿ɻ
һע⵽ɯʱΪ˶Ⱦɥ˳ԭΪӦǸǳеŮ
벻Ӵȴɯʵ´󷽣Ϊ˿ʣǻΪһ˾;ɥֵزˡ
֮ԻôɥΪرԭɣ
ǡôʱһĲԱѾʼһѡֵ֡
ħԺһ꼶İ࣬ءһ꼶࣬÷¡˹
еɻ󣬸׼̨ߣȴȻ÷¡˹֣ʱһ㶡
ⲻԤѡһĶô
⡭ԩ·խ


51 
ɯһۣϵı鶼ܾ졣
뿨÷¡˹ǳʶ
תͷ̨ϣ÷¡˹ʱѾվ̨ϣϵı鼫Ϊӡ

ڸħԺһ꼶и۵СӣȴñҪѧԺϴͷĿ÷¡˹һԤѡͱ˰飡
ڰСؽ˼ʤֻһʮǿ벻ˡ
ҪǳĽĻ÷¡˹治֪ǰº׳ͬͬѧ
˵ƺҪлһ͸һʹĽѵȻڽı˼оθħˮ׼ɾӮ˱
ǵһôͬѧǰһȫ֪ѧĸĿ÷¡˹ȴһ޴Ĵ
ȻĸħƤѥٶȷǳ磬׼ôõĸħȻĸħƤѥٶȡ
ֱǳ裡
أɣһķڷһΣҲˣ÷¡˹
˹ͣɵСӣԼҲ౨𣡡̨һߵѧ̨´
౨𣿡Ⱥ˿ԼĳĿ⣬΢΢Ȼ
ԼȻ⣬Ǹ౨ʲô˼÷¡˹ȻһվǳˣʲôӰ죿
ȴ֪໹һѧҲܲҵر˰飬Ӳҵڰ˿÷¡˹
Ȼ÷¡˹󼼸һӮ˱ѧȴ˱̭֡
˿÷¡˹ô˾Ͳڰѧˮ׼пҲóȨġ
һͽʮǿѧһ꼶༶ࡣ
ΪĹϵֻʣ¿÷¡˹һ˽ʮǿ༶ҲѧʮǿȣҪһء
һ㣬ѧ༶ѧǰЩ̧ͷ
ȻģǺסء
˹úýѵһСӣ֪
ԣһҪС֪಻Ǻǵģ
˹ͣͣ

ѧԽԽˡ
ɾʱ̨ºȻһЦ
̫ЦˣûǴĻӮ˱İɣɯƳ̨ϵĿ÷¡˹һۣ˦Աѧһм񡣡ôڵĿӮһǲңֻ췢飬ھ˰ɣ
˶ʱһϡ
˭˭ˣĬƬ̣һѧֻǷ˹ˣǰӮ˵ġ˹Ļǰһ϶Ķ֣
ԣֻḽħƤѥٶȵļһƾʲôӮ˹
ſɣ˹һпصļһķڷ
ֻḽħƤѥٶȣɯ̨ȻһƽһۣȺļһǴشˡ
Ԥѡֻ˸ħƤѥٶȣºܶΪֻһħԲɵô
ɯҲôΪǾĽӴɯȴ֪˶ˡ
֮ÿֻøħƤѥٶȣΪֻħЧﵽҪñĸħ
ȻһĸħƤѥٶȾӮñôֺαĸħ
ĸħҲܴﵽô
ɯûκλɡ
أһ£㻹øħƤѥٶȵĻôı϶Ӯˣ÷¡˹ص
һۣЩ֡
ԼһķڷģôֻǶ̶һȥ±ôˣ
ˣƺǿеɻһίʦʼ÷¡˹תһ
ʱȻ÷¡˹Լʱ򣬾ѡѵ졭
Ȼӿ÷¡˹ѡĸħҪеĸħǸħ
ϵı飬÷¡˹һҸ˵Ҫҽ첻ѡĸħΪҪĸħ㣡
˵ҲûѡװͲϣԹԵؿʼ
÷¡˹ĵһһ
ǳʱ÷¡˹ڵϵʱȻַܱ׼̬ȴЩġ
ȻںϲϵĵһȫľѾڲϣϵĶǼΪ׼һ˿ûС
Ȳϵϣ÷¡˹ϵǼΪרעÿһͿʦڵĸħ淶һģһ
ԾģɸħĶȴҪ࣬ٶҲ˲١
ſ÷¡˹ʳָϺͣٵŲɻ
ѵֻһ죬ԸħѾôࣿ
Ӻ󣬿÷¡˹ָͣĶ
ͼһ
ħɹ
Ա컹Ҫ˽ӽһʱħ÷¡˹Ͻסһ˿⣬ʾƵƳһۣŰίʦ
⡭ܲίʦӹֻһۣ˫һ⣬
÷¡˹ʱһϲⳡίʦǸħԺ︺ڲϻѧʦƽԴѧǷǳ̡
õһֱʳõĴײԲһټ
ĳһ꼶ѧۣõ˴˵Ĺϡ
ܶħһۣܲɼ÷¡˹εĸħѾﵽһ൱ߵˮ׼
㻹øħƤѥٶô÷¡˹һתͷ°΢΢һ߰ģʵ
˼ԡ
ѡøħƤѥٶȵĻôΪħƤѥٶȺ͸ħ֮Ȼ࣬ĸħôҲӮⳡ


52 ѡ
˹ɵúã
˹̫ˣ
٣أϽɣ涪ˣ
ԣϽɡ

̨˿⸱Σ
һȺ׳գ
һȺ׳գ
׺ɯͬʱ
ȻһۣסһЦЦ
ɯͬﻹЩ֡
ģΪĸħˮƽɯǰûʲôӴôҲôģ
Ī졭ԴͷԾתĳЩٶ˵Ļȥ
ҿǫ̂ϵ˼Ƭ̣Ȼϵָָίʦе÷¡˹ʵ
Ȼԣ÷¡˹һ㶣漴Цͷ
θħʮģôܹɱҪĸħ
ͬѧҲò㣬ʱ޶ģܼʮӡѾˣ㻹˷ʱһЩûĻǺпɸħίʦȴûа֣صѵ
֪ͷӾ͹ˡ
ίʦͿ÷¡˹̨˶һ㶡
Ӿ͹ˣ
СҲ̫˰ɣ
ίʦüһۣҪ˵Щʲôȴסݸ
ӹڽʱһ
Ϳ÷¡˹ǳʱίʦԿ÷¡˹ĸħǵú
Ȼħɹˣ÷¡˹ĸħֻǿﵽ׼ѣһξ롣
ϵĸħ̽ȴֻ˽һڵ㣬·ƫƫǾȻΪ㣡˹ָǴﵽ˾˵һ
ħȻƲȴѾһ֮ң
ڸħԺʦǽħʱʾħЧҲûħá
̲ס˿÷¡˹һۣһѵʵɣ
Ȼô̶ֻһʱ䣬ܹѸħˮ׼ߵ̶ֳȣ
Լ뷨
ıϵǷ飬ĸѧʵŶԡ
Ҵ쿨÷¡˹ıҲûйôɡ
Ҳ˵ֻһʱԼˮƽôࡣ
ʦоᵽĸħŰɡ뵽ţķ˹̾Ϣһίʦ
ôأ֪øħƤѥٶӮ˰ɣ÷¡˹Ц
˵ûͷħѾӽһøħƤѥٶȵĻ϶Ӯˡ
ŶһΪֻḽħƤѥٶأ˼㻹ĸħඣ÷¡˹ȵҪ㣬ħһħӵĸħˣѡһĸħһӮҵġ
ǣ˵أ㻹ǸϽɣô̫Ƕඪѧ
԰˾ʹ䣬վﵢʱˣ滹бء
ɣ
ɣ

ʹ༸ʮѧ֣ϵıȴȻûа˿仯Ŀ÷¡˹һۣɨ˲ԶάѧԱһۣȻ̨µĿ׺ɯͷߵװǰ
˵ע£֣סһ

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ιСӸòҲøħɣһѧסʡ
ɡħôѵĸħСӻ᣿
ǿɲһȻѡˣӦǻİɡ
Уͻᡣôֲû˹ղɵĸħǶôСѡĸħ˵лᣬѡͷ˹һĸħѰ·
ţҿҲǡ
̨ΧɯͿ֮⣬˶ѡ󲻽⡣
÷¡˹Ѿһôɫĸħίʦ϶ԺĸħҪߡ
ʱѡͬĸħɷǳԿ
ίʦ̲סüͷٴͬѧʱֻʣˣȷҪѡ
һķѧԺһ꼶ѧ˵ܹɸħѾֵÿҫĳɼˣܹɵϺ͸ħḶ́ںܶѧ˵ǲɵ
÷¡˹ղŵǴθħѾΪɫȴҲ㻨˽ӽķӡ
֪лʦ
ǷǷʾ˶ίʦл⣬϶ǰƺץ˼£ѾѸħĲȫץ
Ķ÷¡˹̨ѧһ
СӶĻᡣ
˵׼㲻Ǹղſ˹Ķأ
ɡ
ѧǵĻʼϵ˲ʧ
ѡħϻѧſ÷¡˹Ķǵȴܹƾġ
Ϊڵϵʱ򣬸ħʦҪԼֲеԪ֮ȻʹܹںһںϵԽãϸŵԪ֮ŻԽħЧҲԽá
ʱĶȻ÷¡˹Ϊȴûаֳͣ٣ǿʼϲʱԲϵðգǽڶԪ֮ʱϵķӦһʾħ˽⡣
ȿ÷¡˹ĶҪ졣
һֶӺֹͣԼϵĶ
ʱĽʱֻʣһӶһѡ


53 ׻
ߣСӣһӿôɸħô鷳ĸħ
ѧǵſЦʱˡ
·һ˰㣬ղŵʱƺСٻڿʼħʱȴϵָͬһڽϸ
̨УֻһӰ
ûеȥȴѾͣ˶
ֻһ漴ͼһ
ħɹ
ɡȻɹˣ
̨ѧĿɿڴؿȫԼ۾
ȻϵʱǾԤУܹħ
ôҲû뵽ȻȻɵô죡
÷¡˹Ȼתͷһίʦϵħӣ־Ȼнӽһӡ
ղʼħʱ򣬷ѾֻʣһӶһ
Ҳ˵ħӶûõ
÷¡˹𲻺õԤС
һıֻգ۵Ĺ˸ħƤѥٶȣĽȴһίʦΪ֮̾ҲԼʰ·ħ
졭Ҳô
ɸħίʦ÷¡˹ѵ˿ĭɴ۾ŵؿίʦķӦ
⡭⡭ίʦӹ󣬾ȻûеһʱУֲϸŽ棬β
÷¡˹һ
ίʦ˫ŬɴС۾бľ⣬Լϰ಻סļϲã÷¡˹֪ҪУѾ֪˽
ˡ
ȻƬ̺ίʦؿһۣһϻָΪίľȻʤߣһ꼶İ࣬ء
̨˶ʱȻ
ɣ
ʦǲǿˣ˹ôܻ䣿
ǣղŶ˵˹ĸħܲˣ

ֻǺ͸ղȣɵࡣ
̨µѧҲǰ׳գίʦıֺͿ÷¡˹ڵıҲóǼĿ÷¡˹һȷˡ
ǿ÷¡˹Ѿһʮǿѧˣȫһѧûнʮǿ
Щĸѧܹܵˡ
÷¡˹ʵ˫ֽճȭ΢΢

ΪԼѾǿѧѧԺһٳΪĿĿꡣ
㼰˹Ǹ̬ǳ˿˹֮⣬ʮſսʤκͬ꼶ѧ
Ҳû뵽ֻԤѡĵһ͸ͷһ
һǰĬĬ۵أȻôɾػ
ȵò״ӰɱΧȴû뵽ʮǿһѡ־Ȼأ
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54 ķ˹޹Ů
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һԵɯҲ˹ЦϲʮǿôΪһ꼶ǿʮѧ֮һǲǺܺã
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뵽ǿսҪķ˹ҹϵһ꼶Ҳǿѧô˵
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ܵĻҵȻϣЦҪǵģôȥӮķ˹
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˻ͷһȴ֪ʲôʱһˣˣȻȫǵͬͬѧ
Ϊ˵ˣǺһʮǿᡤпˡ
ұ˵Լˣ͹ûиǰඪ벻ߵһ뾹ȻȻӮˣӮ˻Ǹ˹治
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п˴зһЦûȿױʾʲôɯ̲סˡ
пˣô˵ô˼˵ԼͬѧΪʲôҪô䳰ȷ
пǵһοɯһ㣬ɨһۣٺһЦ
ףⲻɯôôż칦ͺͿعϵôˣʼˡòѾ
˵п˷һЦζԶ
ѧǣȻҲŷͬЦ
㡭ɯּ
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Ȼǰ֪пԼĹڰҫҲкܶͬѧΪֺ
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ллҸ档Ϳ׵һŭɫɯּı鲻ͬȻƽʱһɫƽ
пֳĻԴѧԺ֪ٴˡ
һ仰Ҫ㡣Ҫ̫Լˡ˵תߡ
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ķ˹޹Ůô˵ʲôſʵӦò
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п˰вԼĻٺͿסɯ뿪˱ء
Բ𡣡
һ·ɯĬȻ쵽ʱȴȻĳһ䡣
Բ𣿡Ϳ׾һ㶡ΪʲôȻ˵
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ֻǸղſпǵΪ󣬺ȻѾԼǰԴ̬ȺͿʵǳ֣̲ס˵һԲ
Ȼлһ˿Ϊӵȴǲܺˡ
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úоһ£ܲҵӮķ˹ķѵõʼ硣Ȼ֪ϣãҪŬȥԲô
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ȴļЦıҿɱ˭ҪСӱƼˣʲô¶óġ
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׹һЦ˰ڰ֣ðɣȥúоҪȥʿѧԺǰǵıˡ̵ģЩ춼ܽ붷ʿѧԺɱˡ
԰׳̰ٶȻ뿪ɯһЦ
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һɲŮǣҲûôǮ


55 ħ
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ķ˹⼸жʹõĶħӮúΪһħͶħ޷Ტۡ
һħˮƽٸߣĸħЧҲͬ޷ͶħᲢۡ
Ӯ;ܿһħ
һڴͳһС
װľϴڼݸħƤѥٶȵĲϡ
úܼ򵥣ȻһħУôԶħ
ѲϷһߣûеһʱ俪ʼħȱ۸һڵ
ȷԣóһֽʼֽϽڼ˼ٱѾﵽģ⸽ħ
˽ӽʮ鸽ħоԼľ״̬ԼѾѣȡһݲϿʼ䡣
հѲϰձһһ̽ȥһ
Ȼϣ
ħ̺Ԫ֮һħеҪϺü
ȻѾ㹻׼ȴǲûסܵеԪ֮ǣƫһַ
չȥĻѾԪ֮ԽԽ񱩣ϣȫɢڿ֮С
һݲϿɾͷˡ
һԴԴϵͳԪ֮Ŀȶ
ſʼԪ֮ںϡ
ڽһħʱ·ԷĵϹ̣˿̾ȻԵ˳
˺üӵʱ䣬òϡ
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˵Ȼǿû취Ԫ֮ǳڴĸħȴ㹻ͺͳ־ãԵĲУԪ֮ںϵüΪλǳڸħ˳С
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йٴεģ⸽ħڴʱʾǵá
ûпǹߵ⣬ȫűܶȻȻؿӢʯƤѥϻһһߡ
գۼ䣬ӢʯѾƤѥϻٶߡ
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ͼһʱѾظоԼ¼ֲȥˡ
Ӱ츽ħɹĶУ棺һĳ־öȣҲͨ׵Ķ٣ǿȡ
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ÿһħʦͨڻܳһЩʱ͸츳ĲͬÿħʦȻ
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˵һθħ൱ڰѲеԪ֮ʯͷᵽָλãôÿһθħҪʯͷͰᶯľ
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ȻħûʧܣԵ·ƫȴܲˡ
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ħĲԼܹɵô
ķ˹ĲԼܹսʤô
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ڽǴϵĸʽħʱΪ󣬵ħǾһʱȴ漣һЩԪֱ֮͸֫תڣתһȦٴ͸ȥʱܹӰ쵽ϵԪ֮ɸħ
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һʳָһ㣬ʽħʼ


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ڴʱһ˿˿Ԫ֮֫ڡ
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һħʦ޶ȵһֳΪӵеͨдԪ֮֮תԪ֮ķ
״̬ǺǱйأȴ޷ΪʲôûʹⷽʱԪ֮ԶڣԼ·УȻתΪ
෴һĻǿԺܺõĽΪʲôν״̬ÿεԽԽ͡
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磬ÿҪҼǵöǴ·ݿʼİɣôǰˣôû˵
ɨһ˿ӹһ˿ΣǿЦҲ̫ô£ɲһֱԼǸģȻǾҪʼˣһǵĵ
ô˿ü룬תЦûϵģ첻ȥˣʲôʱȥԡ
ҲֻǿһЦûлش
ˣ˿ʱ䲻ˣǸûؼˡҹҲûգѧԺʱӭǼ͡
ţһҪŶ˿Ҳͷ
ͷޱ顣
˿һ뿪
ԶȥıӰ̾һжپЩϧ
ΪཻܹѵģǽһȴԭҲ롣
ԳЦЦ֮ǰѧԺﱾֻпһѰˡ
࡭ٻصǰ״̬ǡ
ҡҡͷЩ飬ӣһʳȥһ»ع˸ղŵĸħ


58 
ȽʳһСӴʱһãߵǰž̧ͷ
ףôˣȻ
ôҲôЦЦʡ
ҲֻڿǰŻżͨһ㿪Ц
ͷʣ⼸ٶʳóԵģǮ
˵׼
һ䣬ʳôѡһͼײͣ»صǰ¡
һ϶ôһ䣬δС˼ڴ֮ǰҪľιʿĶӡĻҪķ˹ˡôҪıôǿĶ֣һԼ״ֻ̬һ˿սʤϣûС˵ţôҸʲô
㶵ؿһȻĶͷ
֣ûհ˵ôˣȻôƪ۵Ľͣ˵ʲô̼ˣ
΢΢һЦ
̼ǰɡ
ղŵľٶȻԣȷ˿̵Ӱ졣
ǲʲô׼ͬιԼĶ۵ȷġսʤķ˹Ǹ̬
Ȱ㻹붼ˡԱߺȻһ˽
תͷһͬʱüͷ
أ͸˵ɣҪ̫Լ£ӮôһǧҪķ˹ǸһҲӮᡤп˿ЦĻҪЦİѧ̫֪ߵغ񣿡
ƨһӣпŭԼûϢͲҪҲһûϢӮķ˹ǸһһΰˣʲôϡģҪ˵ǸһħʦǣҶħʦѵһ˲ɣ
п˺˶һ漴һЦ
ҶħʦԸַϲ񣬻õҶħʦҪ˵ķ˹ˣ㲻ӮҶǸ⡣
ôһֱûȻڡпˣҿļθħûĻ־öȻԣǿȴһ㣬ĲٿزãÿθħĽڵ㶼ܶ࣬϶ȷǿﵽ׼ɵǼθħɫãӮô
˶𾪵ǲ˼顣
ԿΪ
⡭⻹ʶô
ͬͬѧӡУھʱ򶼷ǳĬʹЩ˵ĳͼЦҲȫûһ㣬κηӦ
ܶʱһûи顣
ղ˵ʲô
Ŷ˵ʲôʵ̫ҪҪȻ淴пˣлһм
⡭һʱЩܲˡ
пҲ˺ðŷӦָָ˵ЩʲôȻһɫ˲Ұܡ
ΪͻȻ֣ǰӲأղ˵ЩȻ˿û
Լȱп˵Ȼ֪һİʦҲ˽ѹΣǡǰͬѧȴ֪
ô֪ģ
ѵ˵ƾļθħܿ
ⲻܣ
пһŬԼ
ߣأҲϹЩʲôֻǳںľ㣬Ҫ̫øԶսʤķ˹ҲƳԼĽ
˼ҵĺܱ׼ɨпһۣһЦĽ㹻
ΧƳпԲĶһۣʱǺ졣
п˱͹ҲΪ仰ø˼ֺΣ׺ݵضǺ޲һڳһ㡣
ǹ˼ɵѧԺʳãԱһ˿ţָԼļ³ȥʹһˡ
СƽʱģһΪʦĹԱ벻ȴҲʲôûɫٺ٣ϧСôӲվҲı䲻ʵܽǿķ˹Ҳһ֡ʱ˱ҿСӻô񣡡
˭˵һˣʱҲп˼ûŭôҲֻһǸһ꼶ѧ㻹ΪһӮɣҸǣʵöˣǵſôӮɣ
УԲѡпƲƲ죬ȻЦ۵ףȻԿСôģģ
ʲôģ
㲻˵лӮķ˹ôǾͶĺˣҶķ˹ӮôȻҪĿӮඣ
ϻѵӮһ۵
̲סüͷп׼ף
ֹףѾöͷ֪˭Ȱֻþ䡣
ǺãǾͶһѡڶעӮˣҾһٽҡ
Χ˶ʱȻ
һٽҶڴͨѧ˵ȫһܴĿҪ֪ѧԺһѧҲŲʮҶѡ
пΪһȻóһٽôĿɼղĻ̼ҲС
ΧȺĽ򼵶ʵĿ⣬п˵Ƴһۿ׺֪СҲòʲôǮˣҲѺǮ˵Ļֻøҿĸͷϴˣô
㣡״ŭ첲һȭҹȥȴһס
һٽңпˣڡ
ûһٽңп˲мس˳ҹһӶûôǮɣôܲܣ
˵ע£ȴҡҡͷ
ҲҪʲôҡĿת䡣ȻǶĲעȻҪƽˣҾͷϴˣҲҿͷϴ
СӲҪҪ
ʶ̧٣
пôܺСᲢۣ

пļѧ
ȴţֻǶпˡ
ôҲң
ĻشпҲдŭΧôͬѧţȻҲʾ
ϸ룬пҧҧЦһ
ңƾʲôң϶Ӯ˿˹Ǹ̬һ㲻ɣ
ܺá
ͷ˿һѣֱ뿪ʳá


59 ɰ
ᡣ
ǲǷˣһصᣬµȻĴӦˣѵпǸ쵰¹ͷϴô
ʱѾóһŸħֽ׼ٽмθħƤѥٶȵģ⸽ħ̧ͷЦЦ
ղ㲻ǱһôҿӦӣǻɴԼӦˡ
һϣ漴߳ŭٺˣΪǰ׳գĻӦĶĲ
˼ǰ׳գ
ҲǡӮķ˹ô
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷûĿʼǰ˭Ҳ˵׼
˵׼ƨ׾ͷ˼Ȧһȭϡģʵ㵽ûսʤǸ̬һôˣΪҲ֪СʲôԸûаյĻԲӦġ
̲סЦЦǿ˽Լ
еģȷֻɣ˵ĿԸ󡣡
ɣûɣȻɵİսʤǸ̬׵ɴ۾ǵһʶһ㡣㲻ǹ˵οҵİɣ㻹˵ԼȫûյģôͻȻɰˣ
죬ǽ졣Ц
죬ãȻҡͷ
㲻ˣô˵ĻȵǿɰգҪǱ죬ɴ϶Ӯˡ
ôġ˵ɰҲֻҲµģһûۼķ˹ĸħ֪ˮƽΡ
Ҫǿأ
Ҫ˲֪
һתȻתš
³ȥһˣʵϰһºˡ
˵뿪ᣬתۼ䣬¥žܲ
ò£Ҳ֪׿϶취Ū˹ĸħȥˡ
ȻԴ˲̫
㿲Ū˹ħװܹͨĸħ˹ˮƽΣΣ
Ȼ֪֪˶սʤֺаǸħʦ֮ıԱϾǶʿ֮ıԣԿ˹ˮƽ˽ⲢսʤԷ
ҪӮⳡѧҪտֻʵ
ϣʵ⣬鶼Ҫ
˹仰ԺһóħֽͷٴοʼѾ˼ٴεģ⸽ħ
֮ԻӦп˵ĶĲҸ߿ɰգҪԭڴˡ
ħƤѥٶȣһյĶħҲĿǰΨһյĶħ
˹ȻѾħؼסΪӵĶħգô⿿һħǾԲսʤġһħж
ܹɸħƤѥٶħҲսʤ
Ͼ͸ħƤѥٶһħ򵥵һһħƤѥٶͬҲǶħ򵥵һ
Ҫսʤ˹ܹѸħƤѥٶҲͬһϣ
뷨ֻ֪˶ᳰŪĲ
ڵˮƽܹһζħѾúܶ˾Ϊš
ֻһκħﵽǸ췽ҹ̷
ѡ
ͬǸ磬һһڸħֽģ⸽ħ
ֻһεģ⸽ħȴ͸տʼӴħƤѥٶʱͬÿһζڸħֽϽж㸲ʽħ
ȻڵǿȣɣΪ㸲ʽħߵѶȴܹܹȥ⸽ħƤѥٶȡ
ģ⸽ħĴж㸲ʽħʱܹɵԽԽࡣ
ȻٶȵȻҲǷɿ죬ֻʮκѾоڵҪĸɾ
ȴûаֵͣ˼
ٴλһߣһĴ
ϤĸоٴϮ
һ˿˿Ԫ֮֫룬̶ĸӵ·תһȦָ³ԭֽϳ͵Ķ˲٣գۼѾʮߡ
ڸսʤ˹һְա
ӽʮߺվ֧Ųסͣ
ܵڿտ޼³һ۾ϢƬ̡
һϢһԺлζղŵļʮģ⸽ħ
Ȼ㸲ʽħʵʹòϽиħ𣬵ѶȴҪһЩģ⸽ħڰʵʸħ⡪һνʵʸħʱʱܹ㹻ľȥӦ
ϵһʵʸħʱľ飬ôԴٴνʵʸħʱֵʧ
Ժϸ˼ʮо񣬳ءһ
Ժ


60 ϵ
˲䣬оԼѾΪһеģΧԪ֮·𱻾޴ʹһ㣬ӿ˹
ŴԪ֮Ĳӿ룬ԭĸɾ޵У΢ǿ
̶ֻ̼ӵʱڣѾʲôһ㣬Ҳȫָ˹
ûпϸħʦǱ֮ǰʲô֣ΪӵһӴħѾǸħʦڹ
ȫǱ֮ÿһʹüԺ
ѹּԺӳֵѾ˶ٶ꣬ȴȻǴħʦѡĶķ
ô˵Ƿķʵһ˵ᱻΪǺΣյġ
ƫƫ½ôôħʦʹôμԺĸħʦ֮⣬ûκθħʦΪ⡣
ɴ˿ɼǶô㣬пͲӦǶǰܱоĶ
ÿһʹüԺԷģͬʱºܶ฽ħ۵ģܶ฽ħʦΪħʦ֮񡱵Լһݾ
оѾָֹͣ˼Ժ
ֻ£оԼǿѾȸղҪǿһЩ
ס¶һ˿Цݡ
ȻÿһεЧҪһЩÿһͨ״ָǿȴȻܹһЩߡ
ɸħƤѥٶħʮֳȴܹһɡ
ʱȻܹô࣬˵ȥ²κš
һ˼ʳָԼģȻÿһγʱԪ֮·
ȴһ·ϣ첲ͨ磬Ҹһ·£ʱ򸹲ٸƳӵĻߣȻֹͣ
Ԫ֮Ľ·ߡ
룬óһֽֽϰһ¼·
漴ָһ·ϡ
ߵ·ǡúֶӦ
Ȼٵҽƣͬһ·˹
·ֱֽϺһ۷֣ġƵ·⣬ʣµڸһ·ǡÿһɵͼ
ͼ󣬵һۿȥһͷ
һͼ
ⲻܣ
һʱԼͷ
ôܻͼ̫ˣ
ǵٴοǷͼʱȴֲòϣԼĵһӡ󣬿ģ
ȻֻǸħԺһ꼶ѧӽӴħҲʱ䣬̶ʱȴѾеһħ˽⣬Ѿܹһħ
ӴյЩħͼȻÿһħͼ۴СߵĶԼҪͼͬȴһƺܹͨõĹڡ
ͼȻѾӴĸϵĸħкܴ𣬵ȴǡǡܴͼ淢Ǹɡ
ѵһͼ
ضͼһʱ䲻֪ηӦ
ͼͼĻôͼȻһָħָħЧʲô
ǸħĻΪʲôϾȻиħ
Ӵħڣֻ˵ָװϸħɻû˵ħ;
ȻľϽиħؼס̣һ˳ɹϾȨ֮ƣô˵ҲûϽиħ
˵ԼǸħʦħҪһЩҪأͼǸħĻôôо
ϴڲ¡ж㸲ʽħʱзֱ֣ѪͼƳ֪ԼϻĴڡ
ҪǣһָħĻħԶ׼ضкôĻôħˣ˭
ԺϸζһԼԴӼʮǰڼСǸǵĸħʦ֮⣬ͨСͨСûκ
ѵϺķҲ֪ģüͷһ壬ҡҡͷԼĲ²⡣
Ҫ˵ϺķûʵУɸħʱô֪ܲ
ڤ˼˰죬ûеõ𰸡
ͷֽϵͼΣȻֽһԵ͵ϵȼ
֪Լû취κҪõ𰸣ֻܵȴԺǷлˡ
һֽҲճɻҽһǿѹ¶ĺɻߣٴóħֽһʮģ⸽ħ
ֱȫƽŸڴͳóõĲϡ
ڶθħƤѥٶȵʵħڿʼ
ϸζһµһνʵħʱĸϸڣԼʵħʱΣֱȷûκſʼƲϡ
ӿʼƲһбֻʣǰĲϣ
͵һȣһδӸտʼƲϣѾо˲ͬ
еԪ֮һҲû䣬ǿȵߣڶЩԪ֮Ŀߡ
΢һٶȡ
һθħΪƲϵʱԪ֮ӷһֳȥһԼٷͬĴ
ɹĸħȴĲϵƿʼ
Լ仰˹ǰǿεġ
ֱȷϲеԪ֮Ѿȫûһ˿˷ѣеԪ֮ҲѾصһûаֲЭóӢʯڲһ㣬漴׼õƤѥϡ
һ߻ԭƽ޲϶ʱӹһ˿ϲɫ
һθħ϶ܳɹ
˵һνиħƤѥٶȵĸħʱڰһѾĴʯͷ߳һγľĻôȻʯͷû䣬Ҫ߹ľҲû䣬Ϊˣʯͷ˵ѾôԳܣһߵԶǰɡ
ԶȵһοٶȻߺȻûκγĸо
ʮһθħʱƴȫ촽ҧƣһΣȴ༯˼־֮⣬Ȼûκ谭
ɹˣ


61 ҹ
ɹˣ
ŴԼƤѥԶһħͼ뱬һ⣬һʱԼ۾
θħ֮ǰѾ㹻ģԼ϶ܹθħ
Ҳû뵽һȻɵɣ
⡭⻹һǸеޱѡɺȻΪľ޴ĶȥĶħô
Ƥѥؿ˰Σعʼθħ
ڵ
·ƫ
ƫ㣡
˹ָ
еָ궼һεĸħƤѥٶȲˣɵ÷ǳɫ
ÿһָ궼Ѿӽʷٷɭĸħʦ׼ȫԺѾȫħ
⻹
ֻ˷ܵάһС»ָ侲
ǵģ⻹
Ҫսʤ˹ǸţĸħƤѥٶȶδعο⻹Ʋĸħ
ϧͷѾûֳɵĲϣȻ޲ٴοʼһʵ飬Լܹħ
תͷһ´⣬ִ˿ѾҹĻѧԺĸСϳ˼ӰµŮŮ⣬ˡ
̾һȥϵ뷨
ΪŪ߰ʰɾٰѵϴһ飬Ȼ̨ϼ˶һ£һ󣬱ȥϴ˸裬漴ѻµ·ºɹϣţȻ˴ϡ
ڳһû˯粹˯˼СʱҲԶԶ
ټϽ췢˺ܶ飬˱⣬кпǵĳͻԼǴμΣյʵ鶼ܶľԸղŸħɹѾǳ롣
ڴƬ̣ѾƤأʶʼģ
ơ
ģģ֪Լ˯˶ã֪˯û˯ŵʱ򣬼µͳûڿյ
û⣬漴ûԽԽ󣬶ҸӼ٣ֻǿ۾
ơ
ûٴһŷӦӦڴϵ
ô˻˭ڶ磿
ֵػ۾ǰ򿪴һʱһ
˿ô㣡
⣬˿һͷɫҪϼֵɫȹ¶׼ϣͷ棬ӳŰƤЦݣһոÿѼŵСŮһ㣬ס
Ϻá򿪴˿˫ۣЦ㿴Ҵ
һ仰û˵꣬˿Ȼһ伴ֻ΢ƹȴȻɼĺ͵Ťתȥ
ʲôͻȻֵ˿ո˯ѵûʲôرķӦǿ˿ľҷӦ͵һʱѹ
ͷһȴȫ¸ֻһڿ㣬ѹ˿ࡣ
Ǳرشߣ·ϣͷε»صߡ
˿㡭ôôˣ
ʱԼ¥˿Ȼôڴߡ
ͷһ˿¹Ȼûκζƾš
ħʦǷ㡣
˿ǳŲ˳ȷѾ·Żת
ʵƽʱôߵŮֻǰɬ
ҡҸһЩ϶ϲġ˿
ʲôƵ´һ˿ȫֻһȹ˫Ŷǹţʲôطװ
ȴ˿ָһǰƾճʮСС񱡲һ鼮
⡭ЩǲҵЩôһ۱˳Щ鼸ڳǸЩ飬ֻֻһϵʱ䣬Щȴûп
ļá˿ЦЩ鶼ǹڸħģʹԼ˺ͱЩ춼ûø㣬ͿԺúÿˡ
˵˿һӣʮǱεŻƮ
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˿Щóûоͬɣ
˿ɴ۾գգΪʲôҪͬ⣿ֻüˣС»Ҫ˵ô
ҡͷ˿˵ôɵĻֺαشҹ
㻹ûȥɣȻ֪Ļ²̫á
ӣ˿ߴٵ֪ôˣһɣţҿ͵͵ӡ
͵͵üͷһסЦ
µùȻû
˿Ҳ֪ԼʧԣɫĬȻΣȻһӣʮֱƮϡ
֮רøģ㲻Ҳգ˵һƳһۡҴҹĸ״͵ܳҪǲյĻҰˡ
ʵ˿ӴĴ࣬νӴѾúƤûаֹŮӵС
Ϊ˿׾׽
ʱ˿ŭģ΢΢һЦپܾĺ⣬ͷϵһۣЩܹﵽԼĶͷ
ܺãȻˣҵˡ˿С֣һ£ʳָ촽ϣ˸ơסɲܸ߱Ŷ
סЦ˵ͷҪҲʮ黹û֪ĻǳҲδ̫и˵
ͷ˿ЦЦսһ£ֹŮҲûô
һתͷȴ̨ɹڿ㣬һ죬ƮһЩС˻ӡ
ˣȻˣҪϽȥˣȻĸ״˷ֵĻ϶Ҫġ
Ҳ˻֣·Сġ
УҿħʦΣ˿Ե䣬ȴȻ뵽챻£һ죬æ˰֣·һ˲˳ȥ
Ƭ̺ɫӰѾʧããҹС
˿ʧķΣͷһϵʮ飬Ͻס΢Ц
Ȼ鿴˿ûиϲѹ嶯ɻشϡ
ҪԼΪûϢóκʧ


62 Ӷŵ
˯˲֪ãٴʱһϤ
ƫͷһȻ洲ϣֻɫͷӳ
Ҳ֪һʲôʱġ
ȴһ۳˴ϣ˿ʮ֮⣬ڷһƤס
ϻĵâһʱΪ渽ħ˳̣ٿһۣ뷨
ΪϵĹâҪȸħؼסöࡣ
ѵ˻ڴϺ˯Ŀһۣǰ˵ĻһȻû
ħؼס̣ȻûнӴħؼס̵ͼ͸ħʽǴϷ̶ħƤѥٶߣк͸ħؼסЩƵ·ͼǵһʱжϳĸħӦǸħؼס̵棬ҲǶħħؼס̡
û´ĻĸħӦþķ˹Ľ
뵽ٴηԶȸղŻٶȣɨ
ϻǰϵԽԽء
ûѧħؼס̣Բ֪ͼǷƫǺ·ƫҲ޴жͼ˹ָΣһ·̽ȻûͼϷһڵ㣡
ν΢֪һϣͿɵжϳħĸħʦԸħؼס̵ѾԶԶ˱׼
ĸħķ˹ɵĻȷѾ֮
ԼĸħƤѥٶȣܲӮħؼסأ
һҿ϶
ϵĸħڵΪ㣬ƫǺ·ƫҲΪ㣬ݲͬǵȻûκοɱԣܡ
Ӷǧθħؼס̵ľжϣĸħƺôһίʦעĻϣʤ
ͬҿ϶ħǲǾķ˹ļޡ
϶ǣ
ܹõֵĸħƷȻķ˹ɫˮƽ
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üͷ壬ֽɿٽɿ
žȭһתΪᶨ
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ûֻ˵ҪѧԼȰѹˡ˵ǿ˹ħʦĻ᳤һѯһ
ѯʲôЩܻس˵ϺͿ˲ɣ˲֪ѵԺĻ֪ܲһѧʷٷɭѧԺǷѧԺ˵ķʷٷɭѧԺԼʵ߰󣬼ʱΪĸħʦΪҶħʦ룬ѧԺһҶħʦǷѧԺҪѹ˹ѧԺΪһѧԺҲûпܰ
ĬƬ̣ͷ
УʷٷɭѧԺ͸ħʦᶼʷٷɭһִģ֮ĹϵжӦúʷٷɭѧԺϰߣѧԺҪһѧѧԺǱĲ˵ǸħԺ϶õʷٷɭѧԺ͸ħʦĴ֧֡ڸħԺһϣǷѧԺԿԳΪһ
¶˾ģ΢΢һЦָΪһԺ֮ȡ
ܺãұ˼֧֣Ҿ͸аˡƱٴκ᳤һķı϶ȥİɣ
ϻȻΪʲôģ˷ۣʲôˣ˵ķı˵Ķ֡Ǹʲôޡ
ء
ԣأ˵Сǰɵĸħħô
ݸħԺı棬ô
ô۾һɡ˵Ըħ˽㻹֪֪ħʲô˼
̹Ȼҡͷ
ħĻѧҲֵù۲һ¡
㲻ΪӮķɣ
̲סֵ˷һۣ㶮ʲôӮķƾħҲʸҺúù۲һˡ
ҡҡͷԴ˲⡣
ĸħվҲǶħӮķ
Ժ£ò˵鱨Ѿˡ
һȻ˽˷Ľ̸
üͷһ壬˭ôûò
תͷȥȴһ㶡
ŵ٣


68 
߳¥ſڵʱĿס
㲻緹û԰ɣɨһۣûشһɻص֡ʲôˣôôˣ
ˣȻԼȴԼϲ֪ʲôʱЦݡ
ɲһĵȻ飬Ҳѹֿ֡
ǰɣղڸħеͻơ
׶ʱһ񣺡ͻƣô˵ܸ㶨ķǸ̬ˣ
ҡͷ˵׼ֻ˵һա
׵ɴ۾ǵһʶһɨһ飬Ȼ˵ɰգһǴţɽ㿴ķĸħ˻ôġİ
ÿɷָָԶķ˵ЩҲûʲôáʱ쵽ˣǿ߰ɡ
·ʳƬ߿бߣıǰʱһ
Ȼűļ٣ٳϵ̨Ѿһʼ࣬ȴȻܼư˸
Ȼ˸̨£߸̨ĹڼȻûҪ̨µĹڶ࣡
⡭˰ΣȻļ򡣡մķǸ̬ĹⰡ
˳̨Ⱥֻܵͷʾͬ⡣
ⳡΪķǶ൱ѧֻ¹ڵʮ֮һаɡ
ĿԶڴٳΧΪߴЩۿĳ̨ĵطҲһȺָָ̨㡣
ƽʱ󲿷ʱ;ѧϰʹϣȴҲһܹϳЩУһЩѧԺڲĸ߲㡣
۵ǸȻǷѧԺԺ
ⳡһĹڣܵ˺ܶĹע
һѧĻ»Ϊô˵ע±ȴûʲôرķӦ
Ը񱾾͵͵ټϼͥأһֱҲϰ߱עӡ
˵Щ˹עĽȻķ˹Ҳûʲôɡ
ʵϣȴԷƱˡ
̨̨߽һȺڶʱ
أ
ɶħǸһ
ʲôһﲻһģ˵ǰѧ
ۣ벻û˧
һȥ

ЩسЩһۣ벻Щ˼ԼȻҲôӦ
ȴ֪ԴںͷſıɶħԭѧԺڸû֪֣˲ѾѧԺ
һ꼶ѧɶħڷѧԺӽʷϣܼҲֻвʮѧܹһķ˹ȴֳһأβЩѧǷӳǿҡ
ЩѧǼģķ˹һʼѾ֮ԴӽѧԺһֱڸħˮƽԶԶسͨѧںܶʱ򶼻ʶûаķ˹ԼΪһࡣ
ؾͲһˡ
ڽǳ֮ǰ֣Ҫ˵ѧԺħԺû֪һ꼶İ𣬿¶Ȼһܺ˶Ϻš
ķ˹ĹâɣȻͬ۵һš
ڽǳź۵ǣȻҲǿҵĹâ˶òע⵽Ĵڡ
һﶼԣǵȻҲԣ
Ǵѧ֪Ϣ뷨
ķ˹˾ø׽ӽһЩ
ͬѧͣ
ԣúøɣȡɵ˹Ǹһ
㣡

ûжĻΪӮķ˹ȴһЩּ
Īس˳Щˣȫôһȥܶ鶼ò̫һƵġ
٣˰ɣҲʼܻӭˣ
ߵ̨£ɯЦӯӯӭ˹
΢΢һЦҡҡͷҿɲϰߡ
ϰҲҪϰߡɯЦҪһӮķ˹ĻҸұ֤ڻҪܻӭ
ҲҪʲôܻӭӦֲΪǲҪӮⳡġ
ɯס˷ۣȻֻǺʶ˼죬ȴѾǳ˽Ƣ㲻ٶ˵ʲôֻСȭͷʾ
ѵĹȻЦݣ뿪˵ЩʲôȴȻһ춯صĻ
󻶺ɱղ̨ʱҪöˡ
һתͷȥĿ˲䱻һȥ
ļߣȳƣǱѧǱԹΣɫѧԺƷϣҲŵĲԵ÷ǳзȡ
ɫ΢гڼ紺յ£߶·һƬϸĽɫâͣ
ͭɫƤϺް覴ãͬӲΧӣټϱͦıŨܵ˫üԼ˫ĿһȻ˫Աȴ죬ʹ˶ǵܳһ㡣
ÿο̬ЩʫеǡԱ߿׿ۣȻ


69 Դǽ
еı̬ķ˹˭
ղʱΧ۵˻кܶΪʹǵȵķ˹һ֣˵Ŀ뿪ȫתͶķ˹ϡ
ǲǷħԺеѧȴҲòϣķ˹ȷǷѧԺʮΪŵѧ
ԴӽѧԺķ˹Ѿ¶Զһѧĸħ츳
ʮͨ˼ϸĸħʦʸԣһ꼶ʱܹմħݸħԺʦ˵ЩħЧɫѾ˸ħʽϵı׼
һˮƽԺʷٷɭѧԺһ꼶ѧᲢۣ
׿Щ̸⿿òʣԼ˹ŵķ緶ȣúܶѧΪ֮ۡ
Ůѧǡ
ķͣ
ķĿеӣ
ķķҰ㣡

һײ͹̨±ΪЩɧգ˲㱻ȼ
Χѧķģɯ᲻Ϊǰ󷴲أ
͵͵һۣȴֻķ˹ϼûжʼɳӵı飬ҲûнŲɫ
ķ˹񡭡һʦڴŰڷϵʳġ
רעȴŶ̹Ȼ
ɯһӴʱÿᵽķ˹ıԼп˵ĴģɫЩȻҲһ
ôʲôԭķ˹ʱȴֱôһ̬أ
ûʱɯ룬Ϊķ˹Ȼֱߵǰ
ãķ˹ôķ˹ƽˬʵȴ˲Ծؾش
ͷ
һʮߺ͵һʮߵĽʮߺ͵ʮߵĽǳӽ׻ܵӰ죬Ԫ֮ܵйɢ֪ͬѧôģķ˹˶٣Ȼʵ
ΧѧǶһ㶣ϾҪʼˣķ˹ôͻȻּˣ
Ҳһһķϵı飬룬򵥣ֻҪڽֳһΪ룬ܱԪ֮֮
Ŷô򵥣ķЩ⡣һڻߵʱҪͻȻ룬Ϊ˲ӰĻƣ½ȥټڱֻһԵĸħͻȻԡĿҪδ̫ˡ
һʱεԪ֮ƾˡֵ
һŶˡķȻ۾һЦļ˵ʵտʼ֪˶ħʱһЩţڿֻǶۻ̫ˡأȷǸţ
˻һΧѧһ
֮ڼ۾ѾǷǳˣΪ˶֪ķĸħˮƽ츳һѧһأԺٻͬѧ۹ڸħ⡣
ڣۣܺҿĻشķúܰڵķ˹ȻȻţ
һԼǷѧԺŵѧòá
һķԼϵĵطһﵹ졣
ôģûķĳޣ׷ʵ
ңҿɲĿôȷõķķӦһ䣬Ȼתͷһ̨ϡһʱ˵ڿҪʼˡ
תͷȥִʱίʦѾ̨صװͲҲ̨
Ļ϶Ͽʼ
ֻõͷ
ķתͷ治Զһ꼶ѧȥȻֵͷұμεıΪ̫ģпĳ֣ҾƺҲûôˡأϣһҪʧ
⻰Ŀ󣬵ΧѧǶȴҲķ
Ͼʵʸ˵仰
ķһۣȻ᲻ʧ
˶һ㶣벻ȻԴ
ķҲ΢΢һͷ룬ʼᣬϾ˭ϲʧܲô
ͷǿҪʧˡ
Χѧǿɫʱ
أһħѣƾʲôԼķ
Ҫ֪ķѾ˺ܶħħˮƽԲһոնħܱȵġ
ǡȻʵ
ǰѧԺڵԣǰһһʵı֣ȴЩҡ


70 Զ׼
ķĻԭһȴ
˲һʱڹ۲ı顣
˵仰ʱϼûпԴţҲûиԼǿŵǿ˵ÿ̫ӶһȻƽ͡
ķȻĸħˮƽȴûĻʤԼ
ֻһ̣ƺڿЦ
ħԺһ꼶ǿһѡ֣һ꼶࣬ķ˹һ꼶İ࣬أλͬѧһ̨һӺδΪԶȨ
ίʦ̨ϴķĳ˼ԼΧ˶仰𾪡
ķع˸ƣȻ̨
λͬѧһѡҪװͲϡ
ûгɣһʱװܺͲ϶ѡ
ȻѡװͲϿȹ۲һ¶ֵѡ΢һЩ洦ħʦ֮ıϾǶʿ֮ıлˣˮƽ
˵Ҫսʤķ˹һħȻĶħҽһȻûʲôɹѡġ
ϵѡһ˫ƤѥȻѡһݸħƤѥٶȵĲϡ
̨µĹûʲǫ̂ϵίʦķȴ࿴һۣͬʱеɻ
˵ˮƽȻ˽⸽ħƤѥٶ򵥵ĶħΪˣǲž֡
ѡȡһݲϣҪĸħƤѥٶĲ϶˲١
ħһҪ侫ϸĹÿһŵԪ֮ȻҲһĲΧȴСʹøĲϲܰħʦõθħпΪҪƸԪ֮øħʦɸħ
һ˵ħʦһħÿѡĸħϷǹ̶ģһЩҲֻǷǳٵһ֡
ίʦһ£ǶԸħƤѥٶȵղûжôȷѡЩ󡣲ʱڱȻ˵ʲô
ķȴзǳ֣ղĽȻֻǶ̶̵ļ仰ֻͨ⼸仰ķѾȷڸħľȷһԲ
ȻܹɸħƤѥٶȣһܶеСϸڻôô;ϵķŪ
Ҫʲô
벻ͨķɴʱԼĶרĹ۲
һΧ۵ѧУȴǿŵ֡
ףķôˣڵʲô
ķ϶ǾԼӮˣÿȱ¡Ȼɸ߼ħǿػʲôȡ
ԭķᣬԶֻô

ɯûصԱڷյһȺŮѧһۣһֻķȫʵҲǺĵô
Ťͷߣȴпͼѧָ̨ϵЦţɯиǲ
пΪҲ˰ǿڰϱÿ춼ͬѧǰԼɯĿ
ķıǹϵ֮ĴģԾп˺ͬͬѧȴ̨²䳰
Ǹɯݺݵһ䣬תͷ̨ھ۾ƲϵаһҪӮⳡһǷٷأ
ڴٳΧϯ̨ϣղȺ˿ȴҲڹעⳡ
˵ķһʲôħӮⳡħԺĸԺָ̨ûʲôķ
ҾӦûؼϵĸħɣֻһħƤѥٶȣؼϵħ㹻ʤˡһԵĸħԺԺӿڵ
ҵϵĸħӮöʹ졣һԺЦ
ķ˹ǸħԺĽħԺĸ̸߲ʱȻԵޱȡ
ô˵϶Ӯˣһ̸֮
תͷһѯʵ˾ȻǷǵĳˡɭ
˻һۣǸħԺԺڴղѡǶħ򵥵ĸħƤѥٶȣķ˹ѵƷϵħѾһЩȻĶǶħǲҲܴԲĻķ϶Ӯⳡ
ŶҪˣ˿ºü춼Ҫˡ
ɭ仰˵ͣΧ˲û壬Ȼû˵ʲôҲöʡ
˲˵ء᳤ǿ˹ˮƽߵĸħʦ˵ɭûʲôʾħԺԺЦһתһԵĸħʦῲ˹᳤ֻ
ʱһȥعۿǰڷż˫Ƥѥ
⼸ɢĹâԺжϳ涼Ѿħϡ
ԺԺĻе˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷȣҿɲǿ˹ˮƽߵĸħʦ
Χһ㶣Ǹħʦῲ˹᳤ֻͬʱһļħʦ˹ûʲôرĸħʦˮƽߵģ˭ǣ
Ҫ˵ˮƽߵġʵǸħԺֲ
һҪ˵ѧԺõĸħʦǵȷڸħԺ
Ǳˣ÷塤˹øħԺܶ˲ˬϼһ
÷塤˹һħʦƾʲôܱļħʦ
ΣǾķһӮⳡֵڿЩ֮ǰҲһڿ⼸֮ҾͲȷˡ
˵ĿͶǰǼ˫ƤѥǱٰѯʵĿͶħԺԺΪЩղҪġ
ЩЩǰùġħԺԺ
Ҳ˵ĸħɵģ˼
֪֪һ˫Ƥѥгٶȵĸħ󣬻߶ƶٶȣһֻƤѥʵ
ٰĿͶħԺˡ
ձ׼Ӧڰٷ֮嵽ٷ֮֮䡣ϣش˾ȻǼɭ
˱龪ȣɭЦЦֵǰЩӳװһװиħҴ֪һЩݡ
˵˵ͷЩ֡
˵װϵĸħС飬ֵõλģֵȻ֪ϸݡ
ɭ˵ûϸձ׼ħٶȵƤѥȷô߰ٷ֮嵽ٷ֮ߵƶٶȡǿֻƤѥеƤѥȻûоκϸĲԣǸҳΪħʦôľжϣֻƤѥϵĸħЧѾԶԶ˱׼ƣܹʹ߰ٷ֮ʮߵƶٶȡ
ֻ΢þȣħԺļȴǵɴ۾һĲš
ⲻܣԺԺ𾪵ص᳤᲻ῴûð˼Ҳ֪ħʽϵݶǳʱ֤ģԲдôܡôܳ׼ôࣿ
üͷ΢΢һ壬бɫһ
ħʽϵݣֻΪչͨħʦƽˮ׼ṩĶⲻħЧֻڹʽṩķΧڡĸħʦȫƾˮƽЧЧʽϵݲûʲôֵġ˶٣վûסɨ˸ħԺһۣǸħʦӦ֪顣
ħԺļ࣬ɫΡ
Ǹħʦῲ˹᳤ֻȻΪħԺ쵼λȴ͵öˣټⱾǵĴȻҳڷ
᳤˼ĸħѾ˸ħʽָƽ׼ԳƵˣɭڵ
Լɭɲд󣬷ŻɫҡҡͷǳԶԶħһҪ󼫶˾ϸĹÿһĸħڲϣԼĸħʦܹһЩħЧȴߺܶࡣҸղſ⼸ֻƤѥϵĸħЧÿһԶԶ˱׼˵ѾħеǱѾЧ
˻Щ⣬˶٣仰˵ҡִʦħҲܸӳɫ
˻һ˶ʱɫ䡣
֡ǿҶħʦ
ˢˢתͷĿȫڴ˿̸ոɲϵƵϡ
֪СӣȻô


71 ĿԴ
Ȼ˲Χ۵Ⱥʲô뷨ϺпٻһǰɸħƤѥٶȵḶָ́һеԪ֮յָϵǣһɫƤѥϡ
ıУɵĸħƤѥٶȾѾʧʼͣθħĿ굱Ȼֻ֡
ڵƲʱѾ֣ڵǿȣƲеԪ֮ѾƲѣһĶԶǰοࡣ
һ߻ίʦķʱ۾һ
õĿʼǳɹһ롣
ħȻҪħʦһ߷ֱƳȴȻһǳĹԸħʦһʼиħʱı֣;ħĳɰԼЧ
ƵһߵĶޱȻԳƵѤƾһ㣬ͿжϳħѾͬһ㡣
ΪίʦķȻûлɹܷθħڿĶȴӦ
εĸħЧһܰ
һ߻ָ˿ûͣ١ǧεģ⸽ħҪһߵ򡢻ȵȸֻҪרĿԪ߽֮ںϡ
ǰεľ飬ѾħĸСϸڶȻģϵĶȻûаͣ͡
ָĸƶһ߳Ƥѥ棬Ƭ̺Ƥѥͼǡ
̨»ûнӴħѧǿɾ
ȻҲ֪ħͼضҪһħӵö࣬ȴû뵽Ḵôࡣ
ƤѥϼѾȫ߸ǣǿܼߵĻơ
ƫƫܹܼоȷҵֿ϶һػơ
ָƶٶȶûаּ
Ķķԭɵɫ
ƵһߵʱֻǾĶӦѾȫħ
ǵڻ˳ʱķȻ֣ӿʼڣеĶȻûаִʧ
ƤѥѾɵͼͼеĸħƤѥٶȵͼһ±ȽϣȴƤѥϵͼȻͱ׼ͼȫǺϣ
ⲻܣ
ƳߣķԼʧ
ħԺʦڽķħʱҲȷ߹ħԶһħӣԲҪͼ
ķھεϰȴòϣʦ˵û
˶ߣǶڸħʦļѾǼĿ飬Ҫ˵ڻôࡣ
ߵͬʱҪŲеԪ֮ҪԪ֮ϣע⵽ͼиطĲͬӰ졣
Ҫ⼸϶ǸѶȺܴ⣬Ǹܣ
ڣķǰһͼˣ
Ǵ˿̨ϣķȥҵһݸħƤѥٶȵı׼ͼȷԼļǲǳˡ
ķֻ룬ϯ̨ϵȴѾˡ
ǸħƤѥٶȺ͸ħͼָǰߵͼָָֽұֻĲͼҴ⼸˫Ƥѥϸͼǿʲôô
ΧһȺ˴˹ȥĿͼֽɨ飬նҡҡͷ
ҿ
Ҳǡ
᳤˼ǡ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥡ܹ֮ħԭ򣬾ͼܹͱעͼһģһȫûκƫ
ֻһͼȫһҲûʲôѵİɣһ˲
͸ħԺļɨһۣһﲻͲҪ졣
ɸħʱͼͨĻ滭¡üĽһ¡ΪħҪǳϸڸħĹ΢ܵһӰ춼пܵͼƫӰ첻磬ĻԸħĸ⡣Щ⡭ǿ̫ܲ˽⣬κһħʦ
˵صѧܹĸħǳ˲𣿡һʵ
ز͸ħԺļˣΧҲ̲סɨһۡ
ⲻǷϻ
Ⱥڴһ˵˰죬Ϊ⼸װϵĸħصĲ֮ô
ĽⲢ£Щ˶ö㽥ĶظȤ
˵⣬ȴҡͷֻ⼸һħĻֻȻкǿ츳ڸħľȷԼĵطҶôԾǿҾĳԾˡ
־һ˫Ƥѥ˸Ӳˡ
ǿͬѧʱɸħ˫ƤѥɣղŲ˵ĸħô
û⿴ħĻԶԶƲǲҪˣĸħǶħ
˻Щʡ
;ܹնħǵȷܲҲֻ˵ȱѧǿһЩˣǱķɾͲö˰ɣ
ֻħĻȷǿָָ̨ͷȴת˸ħԺļˡǿô
ħԺԺ֣صص˵ͷûĻθħĿǰΪֹûгκƫ
˶ʱһ
˼θħܹ
ħԺԺһۣҡҡͷҲҿ϶ϾǶħܹĻѾôˡ
˻ûȫ仰ȴֲһ䣺Ҫˣħʱ򣬻вٲĵط
ǹʵĻ˵һʱ䣬ˮƽôࣿ
һ𾪵ص⡭ⲻܰɣ
ɲܡĿԴɡ
˵Ŀһξۼϡ


72 
ڶʮһʮ
͵һħʱ촽ҧ˵Ǳȣһε̬ɣ̬Ȼȫûκѵģ

ڶʮ
ֻ߾Ҫħˡ
ΪֹθħȻڵ㣬·ƫƫǣ㡭
֮ܶ

ڶʮֻʣһ
ڶʮ
ɣ
ίʦķԼϯ̨עθħ͸ħԺгһ
һĶħ
Ȼˣ
վԴƳ˸ħԺԺһۣɫصϽңѧǰȻûз֣
ԺԺԼĻûзӦסüͷԺ¡
ԺԺȴûĻָָ̧̨ķϵľɫȸղŸʢ˼֡
᳤㿴
ôˣתͷ̨һۣɴ۾Ŵ죬ЩľȻɣ
̨ϣķίʦıҲ˲̫ࡣ
⡭ѵģķ̫ȷؿίʦһۣ̲סѯʵ
ίʦɴ۾Ķڼѵص˵ͷġ
̨µѧʱҲЩԾΪͣ¶󣬱ӦôħʱԼâȴûָ֣ϣȻһâͣ˸
ħԺѧǵȻףŲеԪ֮û꣬ԼûпʼҲζŸħûн
Χ۵ѧд棬ħʦɸħʱ򽲾ľһǳɣһͣ٣ͻӰߵᣬħɼӰ졣
ָˣǸħɣǸħѾʧܡ
ħ̺ǵȻḽħʧܣôôΪʲô
ܿ죬˴𰸡
ָԼͣʮ룬ϳɵɫһָٶ¡
һΣȴŸղŵͼУΧѾɵͼһһҵؽлơ
ɸħĹ̼򵥵رƤѥϻͼĻôھڶͼв䡣
̲Ҳǻ˲ʮߺĶͣ
ٴָ̧ʱ̨µѧǿһĻûΡ
һĸħɺ󣬽ԼʱֻͨһâÿɨֵĴûг׼ǾͻͼһһΣŸħɹ
һħȴƤѥǵнӽʮɫȻƤѥϸſɵ·ת£һӿм䣬۳һ⣬ȻǴϤԼһ㣬߹ʼɵͼ
ԼϣƤѥͼȴҲͨһмͼΧ
ΧĹâΧмͼͬǻһ㡣
ʲô
̨µѧ㿴ңҿ㣬һãȻ
⻹ѧϰħôʱһμôصľ
̨ϵίʦķЩѧˮƽߵö࣬ȻôԣȴҲô
ʦ⡭ɹˣķָָЩɵίʦѯʡ
Ҳ֪ίʦͬЩɣҡҡͷȻһǰͬѧĸħѾɵĻ԰ƤѥҼô
⻹ôೡίʦһѧҪħɺװ
һ£ͷƤѥίʦ
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ã̧ͷ࿴һۣһ鼤鸴ӡ
ͬѧҿһ£ĸħѧģίʦʵ
ڴ򹤵̵ϰͼ͸ħʽ
ίʦһ£漴ӦָƤѥΧһȦ
Ҳ˵ħƤѥٶȣЩ
ЩίʦһۣȷǺ⣬ԱߵķҲһ棬룬ֻǴһֽϵõ
ֽίʦķʲôֽ
Ǹͬѧ֪Щߴô
ЩεЦЦҡͷҲֻ̫Ǿùƾ踽ħƤѥٶȵĻӮָָķڿֽϵĸħҾЩħЧȻδػãӦÿԸθħӷ֣Ծԡ
ĻУķһЩرĶ
أ˼ǣֻǿšֽϵĸħȻŷճЩ
ͷʵô
ôίʦķһ֪֪Щʲô⡭ЩǸԸħֻħʦŻӴĶ
ֻħʦŻӴһȻһϲô˵ܼӲٷְɣⳡӮô
ίʦķٴ
ίʦķһۣܼӲٷ֣ܲӮҪķĸħˡ
ķȴƤѥȥֿ飬ҡͷÿˣ䡣
λίʦһһ
Ϊʲôʵ
ȻεĸħƤѥٶɵ÷ǳȻԼܷսʤķûκΰա
ôҲû뵽ķȻȻˣ


73 
ôû뵽㾹ȻܹѶħҲɵôķеƤѥ֮̾ǰֻ˵һܹһ㡣
Ǹ˭ʵ
ˡ˹˵ֵʱķǱ飬ޱ֣ءʷΪŵĸħʦҲʷΪҶħʦӢŵĻΪʷΪǿĸħʦҵż񡣡
һ֡
Ҳֹס¶һ˿羴֮⣬ܹķȫѧԺΪŵѧΪż񣬿ɼˡ˹Ƕôǿ
ǿأƾһ㣬ȻóԾЩ㣬ȴҲ䡣ؼ档ķָָƤѥΧŵʦղŸˣЩʵǸԸħӦ֪ЩǶѾɵĸħһЩӣøħЧøı䡣Щı䡭пܱãҲпܱ仵
˵ķȻЦЦʵ˵˫ƤѥӵЩ߲ûθħЧ
΢΢һ죬ʵħʱѾ⣬ֻѾûʱ޸ġ
ǱȽϸħЧĻҸҿ϶Լʤ㣬ǼȻѧԺڲıǵȻڱȻ֮Ըħաһ㡭Ҳ㡣ķ̾һվЩʡŵʦ˵ûԸħͨǳΪħʦŻӴĶȻҲӴһЩȴŪ׵ô¡ȴֻͨһֽϵĸħܷƳ
ķһ٣صأǸš
ίʦ󣬶ʱȫȻ
ǶĿ׺ɯҲֻһϣʤȴûӮñ
ǰ˽ѧȻӲԼĶ䡣
ųƷѧԺʮŵѧѧԺħԺϣķ˹Ȼˣ
һķģǿķûиħķʵӵǣħԺŮѧȻϽץסķһѰҰο
ԸӮñģȻǺжԼпˡ
ʤϢпɫɷף˰κĵ뿪Ⱥ
ҪǼĻҪжԼ
ø߹ȥǸ¹ⲻܣпԶԶص̨ϵĿ¶׹⡣
һֱȺעĿ÷¡˹ͬĵ뿪Ⱥ
ı֣֪ԼĲһˡ
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ûȥΧȺķӦֻ֪ԼӮ˺ķ˹ı
ѧǰһûнˣ
ѧʱһֱ۵ѹ˿ڵõйֻƽȻϣҲ̲ס¶һ˿Цݡ
ϧûиõظɵ飬Ϊ÷塤˹֪ð˳һѾͰѱסɯԼİͬѧΧмߡ
ʲôô˹ǰķᣬʵҪйĻܲƳٵ죿ڵ²ˡ
һΪ¹ҪıĵȷС
ȥ˾֪ˡ˹ȴͷҲأֻǼ򵥵Ӧһ䡣
ֻ档
һ·˹ᣬȴѾĿ
һһһһݣȴͬʽ·ĳƷ
ȻǷѧԺġ
˹ӣͬʱӭ
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˶һۣͷǿʼɣ
˵հ˴Ӱóһֽݸ
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Ƶ˹ȴ˹ڰ֡
˵
ͷɻ󣬵˹Ầ˹
һȻһЩĿǺ͸ħʦصġ
ʱСʱڿʼֵ
ͷˮſһߵǰ˹ݹıʿʼ
˼⣬㷢֣ݿϵĿͷѧԺħԺƽʱıȫͬ
ħԺı඼һЩǳӲԵĺ͸ħʽȷӲԼ⣬ݿϵĿȴкܶ඼ǽΪʵʸħûʵĻ¾ͺó
һǹһħħȼסɵġ
ڽиħȼסʱָħɹȼ²Աϲصν
Ϊȼ׻ֳ˫ȣҪȼһͼͨ˵λӦβһΪͼλƫߣɸħΪħЧӰ죬ͻϰ벿ᣬ°벿ص
һѧйʵħ飬ǶθħĻѷ⣬Ӳ˵⡣
Ȼ˵ûʲôѶȣˢˢؾ˴𰸡
ֻ˶ʮңѾⶼϡ
˽ӹԾһһص˵ͷ߸ƤѥסȼסƤסڲ硭һöָͷŶһ
ЩֵĸħһĻͷһߡ
ˣǿУԼĸħˮƽҲòһôɣ
Ҫ֪һѧܻἸħˣôÿһϵĸħա
˹ȴָָСݣҪʲôϣԼȥá
һĵ˹ͻȻ˴ˣʲô˵ġ
ǰװһ£һԲϣר־ؿʼħ
һ֣Ķޱȵٶȣʱ˸оǰһ
ģ
ֻ˲ӣѾڳ˽ָ֮ÿװ϶ħϡ
ֻƤѥɵĲǸħƤѥٶȣǳٶȡ
ڵѾɶħˡ
ˣɸħװһȥȻͲסطһ
ţȻţ
һװͬʱվ϶쳣Եϲɫ࿴һۣȻǰλڡ
ͬѧ˶һ٣Ȼ֡ӭʷٷɭѧԺ


74 ͨ
ݵļһղ˵ʲô
ӭԼ롭ʷٷɭѧԺ
ǸиħʦΪħʦҡŵľۼءš½֮ǡƺŵĴ½һħʦѧԺʷٷɭѧԺ
Цɣ
ϲŵı飬˶һۣͬʱЦЦ
ֱ飬ǿǼöˡ
ͬѧҪɣûʷٷɭѧԺУ桤˹ݵֵָָˣָָԼʷٷɭѧԺʦҪְȫ½ѡЩ츳ѧǼʷٷɭѧԺͬѧ
ĿɸħЩװɨһۣٴصͷǼ츳ʷٷɭѧԺҲͨ˿ˣʽ룬㡭ܾɣ
Ȼѯʣȴȫǿ϶
ʷٷɭѧԺ񣬿ɻûĸħʦܾʷٷɭѧԺ롣
أȻҲ⡣
˭֪һȻתͷһһֱϷ˹ʵ˹ʦǡòƭӰɣ
ۡ
˹յһڲˮȫ˳
˹ŻͬؿһΪ仰ˤˣɫػش𣺡ȻǣСôôģ
Ϊһֱ˵ҵˮƽô
û˵˹۾һɡСӵˮƽѵôôãڲһħܿ˹ǸϲҪѵ㻹ǿɣ
ǿ˹
ûʲôǣ˹ĻᡣǲǾÿ˹ڷѧԺһ꼶ǿѾǿˣ
⵹û
㣬˹С֮ڷѧԺƵţΪѧԺﶼһģҪǰõʷٷɭѧԺȥŲǰһŲȥ
Ա仰סͦͦأһԵõɫ
˹ѵ⻹ûꡣ
ܻܿ˹ǿ϶ǿŽǰһǲǣ㣡ҪˣСܹܿ˹ȫҪӡ˹Ȼɫһ䣬ŭı˲һ̽ѰˣСӻûңĶѧĸ͸ħҿɲǵý̹Щ
˹ɫ˲ת˴һŷӦ
Ǵӡ
˭֪׼شȴ˹ִϡ
Ժ˵Ȱ¡˹Աһ͵һۣһɫû˵ȷʷٷɭѧԺˡ
һ£ȻһŵָָԼô˵ҡҿԵʷٷɭѧԺѧϰˣ
û桤˹س˹һۣ뱻ôһţӦǿĻϲܳؼʷٷɭѧԺĳ򶼱ˣЧۿۡ
֮ǰȴרѹǣҪ˹㹻أȻвȴҲұ¶
ͬѧֳ츳ˮƽڴʷٷɭѧԺѧԺѧϰͬĻǩְɡ桤˹Цݵͳһݱļ
Ϊܸӹ߸˵ǩԼ֣˭֪һ
иһ¡
Ŷʲô⡱桤˹üЩ⡣
ʷٷɭѧԺѾнӽˣһȥ뱻ѧԺеѧʱԷˬرʾͬ⣬ûмĵġ
ڻǷѧԺѧͻȻתʷٷɭѧԺȥûʲôôʵ
ʲô⣿桤˹ɵЦЦģұ֤ѧԺ㣬ǳ͹
˵û˹Ҳͷ͡һ㲻õģҪ÷Ǹϼһ֪㱻ʷٷɭѧԺˣ˻
ŵͷһ£Щɵصһи⡭
ʲô⾡˵Ƕġ桤˹Цݿص
治󻰣ʷٷɭѧԺ½ĵλѧ⣬ɴ⡣
ʷٷɭѧԺÿѧǶ٣ʵ
ѧѣ桤˹жһۣϼס鴤¡
׼ӦʲôϡŹֵ⣬벻ȴӹ׵⡣
ȡͬѧʷٷɭѧԺ˽òడ桤˹һӦ
ϲô˽⡣ͷ
桤˹ɫЩÿ벻רҪ¼õһѧȴʷٷɭѧԺô˽⡱
ǿʵǷǳ
桤˹һŬԼº͵Цݣðɣڸ㣬ʷٷɭѧԺӽڣûȡκѧκѧѣô
ӲȡѧѣȻ
˹̻ҶЭļҴʵѧԺǵһ˵ѧԺҲȡѧѵġ
ȻʷٷɭѧԺȡѧѣĵһ㲻ڡ
õĻǰôܹܾ
ãͬ⣡


75 ʸ֤
˷ܵؽӹļǩ֣桤˹ȴȫû¼ѧʱԵúԺС
ѧǳʷٷɭѧԺͷģСӵ⣬ǳšѧѡһġ
һԼΪܵˡ
ڱϾڷѧԺǵ¼ȡѧֻܰɲ
ʲôʱȥǩֺʵ
ʷٷɭѧԺʮˣڷԼȻҡһΪȫ½֪ѧԺѧȻ뾡ȥһݡ
дúûô桤˹ڵĿɾͲղôͰˡĿѧʱǰ¶ʮգЩ¼ʷٷɭѧԺѧ˵Ӧһ֮ǰѧԺȻΪһµѵٽпˡ
пˣȻ
桤˹ƳһۣһЦǵģûͨ˵ѧʧȥʷٷɭѧԺѧϰĻᡣ
⡭ƵָָղɵԾЩװ
ֻǳˡ桤˹̲ػش𡣡ΪʷٷɭѧԺѧϰô׵ô
ѵһֱûп˹Ȼһ
ѵô˹ȻŲ裬Уȴһ˿õģʲôֻҪǷϲܹȻС㲻ʲôţô˵Ҳ»˴꣬ҲǸϲ񡣡
桤˹ͬʱŭ˹һۡ
ʷٷɭѧԺһֱųֻȡĸħʦţԴΪʷٷɭѧԺ޴֮£ȫ½ĸħʦҲܹʷٷɭѧԺѧϰΪ٣ԳʷٷɭѧԺΪѧԺҲΪ
Ǳ˹ôһ˵ʷٷɭѧԺѧ˽Ƿϲѣ̡
һ֮ǰ˵ĽҲֻٴεû
˵ͬѧҪһ֮ǰѧԺʱ䣬ֻԶ⻹һҪ㣬ͬѧ֮ǰħʦļ¼㻹ûͨħʦʸ֤԰ɣ
ǰôˣΪʲôʵͬʱҲ
֮ǰȻרŵħʦ֤һ㣬ɴ˿ɼʷٷɭѧԺⷽĹöôϸ档
ģҲ֪ʷٷɭѧԺǴ½һħʦѧԺѧš˵桤˹Ƴ˹һֻۡҪѧԺѧҲͨħʦʸ֤ԣΪܵħʦϵһħʦϣܹڱ֮ǰȥͨʸ֤ԡڵˮƽӦò⡣
ʸ֤ԣüͷ
ħʦʸ֤ԣ½ĸħʦ˵һʯ
ΪԵѶȼһ˵ֻҪܹͨԵģͬħʦе̳
ֳŸħʦʸ֤µĸħʦﶼܻӭĶ
ûȥǷѧԺħԺѧгǧˣÿͨԵȴʮо󲿷ֻ꼶ѧɴ˿ɼԵѶȡ
ѧԺڲ֮ǰһֱԼĸħˮƽܲȻûʲôȥͨԡ
ҪǣʸԾȻҪȡöҵѣ
Ҫ˵ܲͨʮİִͨȥöҳ
뵽ס¶ɫʵǱҪеô
ǵǡ桤˹ҡͷֻǸ飬ӲԹ涨ƺЩȥ˼桤˹ֵ뿴ΧͬѧǶͨ˸ħʦʸ֤ģڸħʦעĸħʦֻ㲻ǣ²̫ðɡ
̫ãһЦ
ǻܵһЩʲô˵ġ
ڷѧԺһܵıӺͰʤٶһЩҲʲôرĸо
Щ⣬ʲôҪעôʵ
ҪЩˣô桤˹ǩֵļɨһۣصͷ㵽ѧԺȻ˸ģڻż
˵ͷβû˵е߰ɿУصѧˣķ˹ء벻һССķѧ
ķ˹֣һҲʷٷɭѧԺô
桤˹Цͷû˵벻ССһѧԺȻܹѧһʷٷɭѧԺʵټ
ֻһ£侲
ķ˹ˮƽܼʷٷɭѧԺˡ
ȥĬƬ̣Ȼڣ˹ʦЩ㰲ŵİɣ
˹ȻŲˮһеģղʹʱķŭͷʱ㶼ʧ
⣬Ⱥ˿ڲ裬Ƶ¶һϺ΢Цû㲻ϲô
ҿԲϲôЦܹʷٷɭѧԺӦ顣˹ʦΪʲôҪô
Ϊʲô˹ͷԺһ˫紦ӵЦΪʱˡ
ʱˣȻһͷˮ
ãڷѧԺһ꼶ѧж˱ǿģ˹ʡ

ʵ˵
ðɣұһֱԼĸħˮƽܲģǴαҾһ꼶ķ˹⣬Ҳκ˲
ˡ˹ҡҡͷ
ˣԴ˵ʵܶ˻Ǳǿô
Ȼǡ˹ıһαȻķ˹ڵĸħˮƽߣ㡣


76 ʦ
˹ϵı鼸ɳԾ𾪡
ѧԺ˹ֱڣ⻹ǵһδ˹˶ı
ѣһˡ
벻˹һڱ˾ݡ
ķ˹ҲԼ
Цɣ
ûЦ˹ҡҡͷȻȷûʲôЦӡӽӴħж೤ʱˣ
ͷ㣺ɡ
ǾͶˡ֪ķ˹ʼѧϰħˣ
һѧԺĹķ˹ĴԣƺǴСʼѧϰİɡʮꣿ
׼ȷ˵ʮꡣ˹ѾʼӴѧϰħֱѾʮˡãʮŴﵽڵˮƽֻܹô
ʱǰһ˹ʦ˼Īǡţ
ͷ˹һˮҸ㣬ҽӴħʮʱֻһţ㣿ߣ
ֻܲ˼ӣҲûʲô̫Ӧ
ûΪԼš
֮˵ȿ˹ǸСǿѧϰħʱ⣬Ҫ̬ȡ֪ô̬ȣ
̬ȣˡ˹̬ѵô
˹һֻ˼ħͲβСӣ̬Ȼô츳ֵַܹضһħĻĳɾӦûôͽӴħȥѧħѧᣬҲûʲôǰ;ˡ
Դ̲סʵ˹ʦҲףʲôôܹո߼ħˮƽǸô
ƨ˹ŭΪħʦˮƽߵ;ǿ˭յĸ߼ħ಻ɣ
ѵô
ȻǣСҵһÿθ㽲ôڸħʦҪĲǸ߼ħǶѾյĸħ⡣Ȼһ߼ħһҲǷǳѡοħЧҲ̸ʲôˮƽߣ
ѹҪҰÿħ˼
ߣ֪Ϊ˰ɣֻǰһֱŰɣ˹ߵ
ֻɵЦ
ЩȵҵԺ˵ģ˹Ǹһ˵öԣҲٵʱˡ˹Ȼ̾ϢһЩӵؿʵ֪֪ΪʲôЩħ
˹ôʣ»شұ˵͹ڵ֪ԼȻʷٷɭѧԺȻỹô롣
⡭Ժϸζһ˹һΣһ򡣡˹ʦ뵥ң
û˹ͷ㻹ǲǵǽѧԺһεĿˣ
ǵáͷǴο˵ݾǸħƤѥٶȡ
ѧƤѥոµģֻ㽻һ˫Ƥѥ
ֻܲ˼ЦЦ
ǴοҪѧԼ׼ϺװʱϵǮʡ¼ķǮճģĶǮȥƤѥֻԼ˵һ˫Ƥѥиħ
ǵõʱ˫Ƥѥȥʱ⵽ȫͬѧĳЦ
벻Ϊ˫Ƥѥȴ˹ע⵽
ҵʱú棬Ƥѥһ£˫Ƥѥϵĸħã׼ӵٿʱȴһֵĵط
ʲôط֣ʵ
˹ΪʲôԼɸħҲ൱档
ҷ֣Ȼħ֣ħɹˣĸħЧȻҪá˹һۣӦ֪ÿħһĹʽ⣬ͻӰ쵽ħЧ˫ƤѥϵĸּǴθħֻߴ߰ٷ֮ٶȣʵ˫Ƥѥϵĸħȴܹߴ߰ٷ֮ٶȣȻܹﵽħʽϵı׼˵ֲ֣
ȷʵ֣Ϊʲô
СԼĸħô˹һۡҵʱҲôģϸع۲һǴθħ֣֮ڸּϱֵúܲȴܹøħЧô࣬ԭǴθħȻкܶʧ󣬵ЩʧȴƽȫûκһطֹԵʧһʧħӰͽͣĸħЧŻôá
ᵽķշ̯ô
ԡ˹ӵϼһ˫ոոħƤѥƤѥĦƺЩһ˵ܹһĸħʦǾǳʱоϰСȴûϰ⡭ܲ˵һ츳˵۾һɣҿû˵Сţסˣ
ЩЦãȻΪԼʲôţ˹Ҳǲͣɡ
ΪǸħҲעСӡַ֣Сӻһŵ㣬ǾȻϰĴ٣ħʱȴȻʧܣ˷ѵĲҪѧٵöࡣʱҪһ֣һ£Ͱˡ
һΪǿҵ츳רҪءӣй
Ҳһ棬ʼʱ򣬻ұ͹ؾӶࡣ
Ȼ
˺棬ҷСѧϰħĽȺܿ죬̬Ҳͦ棬ǸԽԽˡ
Ȼ˹ؾһ
˹ʦôģһҪлʱĽ̵
˹ͷȻһ
ұ룬ѵڷСطе츳ѧͳ⼸ʱúһ¡ڼȻǸһ￴ˣ㵽ʷٷɭѧԺѧϰҵȻҲûʲôɲȥʷٷɭѧԺȻʲôõطϾҲȫ½õĸħʦѧԺȥѧϰĻкô
ղ˹˵̬ȣи֡
˹ĻãֻǺг𣬶ǺʷٷɭѧԺгɡ
ˣҲѧ˴ˣ㹻ãšαϵļθħҶˣ⡣ټȥҲܽණȥȥɡ
˹ʦ˵˰졮ˡˡģˡ˭ʷٷɭѧԺô
˵ʷٷɭѧԺҲУ˵Ҳԡ
ǵǻǲǣͿˡ
֮㵽ʷٷɭѧԺ֪ˡ˹һ˵˰죬ÿڸɣֺһڲˮ˿ֵһҪ㡣ʷٷɭѧԺѹҪȷѧԺö࣬ѧȫ½طѡ˲ţڷѧԺһ꼶к㣬õʷٷɭѧԺȥ¾ͺŵϺţҪ׼
΢΢һЦʲô׼ģѧԺڲ֮ǰɴûԼж㡣
˹ҲЦҵĵöˣСӵƢҲȷҵЩ˶٣Թһ˿ԥ漴̾һתΪᶨ⣬һҪ㡣
ʲô
˹ˮ߾ֵָ֣ģ
ˣ
䣬ԵȻһ˿ŻơɫĹâ漴͵¡
·пһ㣬ӲһԵпһ߽ڵϣ£졣
һѿڶʦ


77 
һ꣬ǵħʦ÷˹з֣ͨķ󴥷ʹһЩһ𣬷ӳرĹЧ
µо÷ɹϵĲԼħϿһ÷󣬿ħָٶȡ
ħؼסħָͨΪ½ϵһֵĸħ󡣶÷˹ҲͬΪǴ½ϵһħʦ
󾭹ԲʡƤŵͷ˹ɶʷٷɭΪ׵ĸŸħʦĲиŬħѧܿ㷢չΪ½ϱ˽ܣܵ൱ӵҪѧơ
ÿһڿԼװʱһʱ뵽ĲϲӦøʲôħ
ڴ֮ǰħʦһֱֻǱְҵֱŸħʦĪĳ֡
Ǵħѧܼİʷ㣬ĪҲԳƵϸħʦټţ˶ܼס֣ȴΪĸħжôɫΪһеķ֡
ͨħʦڽӴһ¸ħʱεģ⸽ħϤͼͨڽģ⸽ħʱħʦڵƽֽϻͼٴӻͼĹܸϸڣڼʽħʱʧ߸ħɹʡ
Īڽģ⸽ħʱȴΪеĸħֽȫù⣬һʱҲƽʺϽģ⸽ħֽͻ룬ֱԼϽģ⸽ħ
Ȼոħʦһۣģ⸽ħܳɹʵ֤Īɹˣ֣Լƾģ⸽ħ󣬾ȻҲݵӵħɵЧ
Ī󣬸еͬʱҲȤͶ˴ʱ;о
ʮоĪһθħʦԼ˵ķ֡
Ǿǣʦ
νʦʵǸħʦͨԼĸλģ⸽ħȻͨЩħЧԴ˻óƽʱ
ܹԼյĸħʦԱȶʿħʦǿ
Ī仰Ȼ⵽˺ܶභʿħʦĲм漴һڣĪȴսʮ߼Ķʿħʦȫʤ
ֱһħʦ֣ĪֹסʤĲ
ȻûսʤħʦĪսȴѾ½
֮ǰûֻǸְҵĸħʦȻҲսսʤʿħʦ
֮ĪԼеоɹȫ˳½ϱ׷ߣȻ฽ħʦԸħվͲɫսҲӿֳҡһ䣬ΪභʿħʦΪ֮ηĽɫ
ȵĪȥ󣬾ʮķչӸħʦӿְֳҵѾõ˵Ͽɡ
˵ְҵΪǵսʽøģ⸽ħķǿټǱǴӸħʦһְҵзչģǱǱͳΪʦ
˹ʦؿ˿汻µǣٿϹ⻬棬Ŀ˹ϣ˿ĭѵصȻʦ
ôţ˹ֻ˻Σüë
ţȻţ
ϻ˹϶ʦֻʦĵȼͣȻôɵпûľƳɵĺ档
ͶʿԼħʦһûս֮ǰƾյĸħжʵߵͣΪȡԼյĸħá
׿ز̸ӿ͹ǿͨʦյĸħһԵС
͸ħʦЩӽʦյĸħȼԽߣͱʾĵȼԽߡ
ʵǲҲԽߣҪ֪
˹ʦǰûʦҡѧԺʦĿγ̰ǡ
ħѧķչѾΪһźѧѧѧұѧȵȵӴӵѧƣħʦһܹһСֻ֣нħѡ
ҪΪĸ߼ħʦͶ޴ľʱǾܳɹġ
Ȼʦճֵʱ򣬺ܶ฽ħʦΪʦǿջתȥоʦ֪ʶħʦ֣ʦȻ͸ħʦһøħ֮ͨʵʹȴȫ¡
ħʦڸħʱҪΪϸκһ󶼻Ӱ쵽ĸħЧԸħʦֻܹ֤ٵʧ²Ż뵽ȥ߸ħٶȡ
ʦսʱҪȻûôϸȴҪɸħٶȣȻս˲Ϣ䣬΢һпܵصĺ
ڸħ󹻲ԼЧ׺òãǷǴҪġ
οħʦڸħʱ򣬻ҪǲϺĿװأʦǿħԼĸӰ졪滹Ǹ档
ܽ˵ħʦʦȻͬԴȴѻΪһࡣ
ʦֵѾ꣬ʦϵչҲ㹻ƣκһħʦҪʼһͻȻתһɫʦǼܵ顣
ͬʱĸħʦʦ
ιѡ
ѧԺûʦؿγûʷٷɭѧԺˡ˹˷۾СϾҪȥʷٷɭѧԺˣ֮ǰѧϰһʦ֪ʶкô
üͷ˹ʦҿֻһħʦ
Ϊħʦ׬ǮȽ϶ࣿ˹ٺһЦΪҲ֪СʲôûܳΪһɫĸħʦֻҪȷʵ׬ǮȽ϶ࡣҿɴû˵ѧϰʦ֪ʶͲħʦ˰ɣ
ǡ˹ʦ̸̰ҵİɣ
˹ӹһ˿ΣһɫǰǰСħĻûãҵȻʦʲôαıĻѾòˣѧϰʦ֪ʶӦҲ⡣˵Ƿǳɡ
ôһֱԼֻ˹ԼŽɵͬʱȴ̲סһ˿Ȥ
Ͼûĸ˲ϲԼǿ
㻳˵Ļô˹۾һɡʵ㣬СҼĵڶܹѸħʦʦҪصһˣĸħʦ߼ˣ㲻ͬ˵ͬʱѧϰħ󷨣ֻǻҪ໨һЩʱ;ˡ
Ƶس˳˹˹ʦҺ֣Ϊʲôһڿأ
㻹ˣ˹۾ӵԲ˼֡ٷϻھ͸һЩʦ֪ʶʱܹһЩʦĻ㵽ʷٷɭѧԺ˵˹ϺȻӹһ˿ӰӦúа
˹ɫ֣أֻܿЦ
ܾܾô
ܣ


78 
˹ĹԢ߳ʱֻǰ·𶼱òͬˡ
֮ǰֻǿ˹СķѧԺһͨѧ֮߳Ѿ˴½һħʦѧԺʷٷɭѧԺѧе֮ڶЩеĴ
֪ĶȻ𾪣һǶȴӾ
Ϊһʦһܹ͸ħʦ˫ޣ
˹ʦƭҰɣűӣʼ˹
ڴʦֵڵʷУܹͬʱΪǿĸħʦʦˣһ½ϵţÿһǵʱ½ϵķһ⡣
Щ֮⣬ȻҲкܶ฽ħʦҪһ㣬ͼĸħʦսȴڸħʦʦ˫ʧܡ
Ǹħ󷨣ҪͶ൱޴ľʱ䣬ܹͨһϴﵽѾǳ˲𣬸ͬʱ㡣
ԴӶǰʼħʦһʼԼķչ·ߣǸħʦʦһĿ꣬ͺ;
ѧԺѧʦ֪ھȻҪͬʱѧϰħ󷨣¾ոӮ˺ķ˹ıҲȻ⵽ĳЦ
ùܱô룬ҾԣͿԡ
˹ĻƮͣ½Ųһ˹Ľ⣬ͷ˿Լ˫ţ
ħƤѥٶȵͼ˲Ѿӡ˫ϡ
½ţоŲ˸̧࣬ͷǰֱѧԺСҽһ˳ȥ
ֻǼʱ䣬Ѿܳϰ׵ľ롣
ܸٷɱʱ䲢ûгãһظо˫ϵĸħʧ漴˫ŵ״һʹòͣ
ϵĺ֢ɡ˫ԽԽصĴʹֻÿЦ·Ե
ͶʿĶǿ岻ͬʦȻܹͨħʱܣΪ屾ϣû취ͻȻĸãͨһЩ֢
ڵһ
⻹ֻʹһħʹõǸ߼ĸħڿ²ֹǴʹô򵥡
٣ԭһöЩȻͷ
Ȼ̧ͷͿһƮ
˿ô
ҵȻİ˿Ц
ڴɫȹҫ۵£ȹҡڣ·һɫĲ΢΢
ңʲô
ףඡ˿Ц¡ϲӮ˱ӮĻǸħԺļһҲҪˡ
ллЦЦӦרҾΪ
ѵ鲻Ҫô˿Բɰ˫۷ʵҿһϢȻġɯ˵㱻ʦץˣҾֱӷɹˡôӭô
ȻǣҷǳӭһůˣЩ顭֪𣿡
⣬˿ղŻЦӯӯնʱĹĵġ
ߣϾ֪ˣĸ״˻Ϊһ١ǵģ˼ֲʲô˵Ķ㲻Ǹô
̾Ϣ˿ôܲ
Լֻ̬Ĺؼ˿ʲô˿ø˭
ɣ˿ҵҵȥһˡЩѾˣͰûȥˣĸ
˿ͷ룬һС֣ðɣҾûȥˣĸ״ǽѵҡ㻹뿴ʲô飿´ٴ㡣ߣҹãǻƾʲôѵң
΢΢һЦܵˣһ϶ˡʵЩҪղؼֵߣʵϵ岢̫󡣱ϾǶǺܾǰˣħѧЩ귢չܿ죬Ķܶ඼
̯̯֣ûֱ˵Լ˼
˿ôŮôȻ˰죬ԭЩ鶼ûʲôðҸ˷ʱ
ôᡣæܿôĲѾܺˣοЩһǺġ˵˿ôңҺܸˡ
˿΢΢һ죬һ֪ͺá˵յֵ߰ɣȥᣬղɯǸѡǽп׵˵ΪףӮñҪٰһ칦ᡣ
칦᣿
ƣ˿ȴѾȲˣ֣᷽ȥ
ȻǴξ˿ĹУʵ˿иܵĽӴʱϾҲûôࡣ
ڣѧԺСϣ˿ȴַɱһᵭȻƽľ˿Ҳסһ
ɯһʪ˿֡ȴһҡ


79 뺯
󣬷ѧԺһϢ˹
ѧԺħԺѧʷٷɭѧԺ
ѧѧԺô۶ĸѧԺʲôϢΪ׿ԭ̸ѧǻỻһѧԺѧϰɴѧǶѧԺĽ⡣
˵ѧӷѧԺת˹ѧԺȥǼֱ͵˷ѧԺ䡣
ʷٷɭѧԺͬ
š½֮ǡƺŵѧԺȻֻһڸħѧרҵѧԺȴ½ΪɫѧԺҵѧÿһΪȫ½֪ĸħʦûκ⡣
ܹһѧԺѧϰκһѧϰ׶εĸħʦԶһҫ
ܹʷٷɭѧԺУҲ֤ͬѧ츳
ӵģһѧԺѧܹʷٷɭѧԺУҲѧԺа
ѧԺ֮ԻϢľ˼
ʵҲѧԺ߲ϣϢȥ֮󣬷ܱߵ걨ѧԺħԺѧ˽ӽһкܶ࿲˹ǸĺӶԶǧѧԺ
֮ǰǾԻѡ˹ѧԺ˹һѧԺ
ħԺ⣬ѧԺԺǰѧȻûиħԺôţȴҲ˴
ƷչȥѧԺ˹ѧԺΪ˹һѧԺҲûпܡ
ȻѧԺ˹עĿ⣬ȻǼʷٷɭѧԺеѧϡ
ķ˹СѾΪħţڽѧԺ֮ǰѾͨħʦʸ֤ԣΪһʽһħʦ
ڽѧԺķ˹ĸħˮƽһǧ̶̲һʱѾ˴Ķħʼħ
ʱգһܹΪ˹ʷΪħʦ
һѧʷٷɭѧԺѡУȻûκ⡣
ǵ֪ڶѧֺȴֻʺš
أ˭
ҲܹǣѧԺڲ֮ǰҪ˵ѧԺ֮ˣǷѧԺڵҲû֡
ڸħԺûжֺܹ˶Ϻš
ѧԺڲǺķ˹ǳѧԺڵĴ󲿷˲ʶǰ۵ѧ
һȻܹķ˹ֱ䣡
ǻûʵʱȴһϢ
ҲʷٷɭѧԺѡˣ
ֱʱ˲׹ܹսʤķ˹ֻ²ǽҡ
û˻ʷٷɭѧԺ۹⡣
ܹʷٷɭѧԺУֻһܡѧţ
ǰķ˹ϵĿ⣬ڱˢˢֶ

ٴηһһֽ̲ס̾һ
ЩҪô뺯ҪǺ飬Ҫôǡ
֮ЩˣȫǺǰЩǸӶŵĸųǿһͼ£
ˣϣǿỹܵᣬٴ֣Ӷš
ϴֻǶƤӣóһģǿǶˡ
ֽźһʱ䶼ۡ
ڿƬ̺Ǽᶨؾܾˡ
һǰ϶Щ
ϣҲԼϵıʷٷɭѧԺѡУЩȻѾԴ
˹ȷظ߹ܹʷٷɭѧԺҵôҲΪһͨħʦ֤ħʦ
һӵиħʦ䷢ʸµħʦŵ۹꿨۹дѵ£ôܰԼССķڡ
Сӣ۹ųԶ𱻼ҾͰԴˡ˹˵仰ʱϵıǳ
Ǿܾǿỹ򵥣ܾô롭ʵЩѶˡ
һſ˹ȥҲܾܾġ
һǸйһ֮Ե׶ŵģμ׶ٰ̻硣
ŵӡ󱾾Ͳټαܹ֮սʤķ˹ʵҲűİ
֮ǰڱϷЩߣȻڱðʹ˳Ȼսʤķ˹Ӯ˱˻ùھӶڱѧвӮ˺п˵Ĵġ
пˣסЦЦ
ԴӺķ˹ıп˶ûϿΣ˵ǡˡ
١
ڶ뺯
һ뺯뺯Ҫʽö࣬ΪųĴ¡
ûԳ롣
ӣȴҲҪ˿飬ǲܲȥġ

뵽Լȥμֹᣬ̲סٴ̾һ
ȻûμӹᣬҲӦȥĳϡ
룬ЦһóȻʣµ뺯ȫһţӽͰ
ȻܾܾǾͲҪ̫ˡ


80 һݹ
תŰķ˹ıͷо
һֻǴһЩߣȻܵѾԻķ˹ܹͼȫŪǶİж
뵽ΪҪμӵԺְڱϣ˿˿͸
һѾ̽ϵ߷̶ѾԶԶħƤѥٶȣԹٶ
ΪΪűĸħǸ߼ĸħ߸ࡣ
Ǻںķ˹ıУȴ֪˸ߡ
һ㣬Ȼ֣űϾȻһ߶ģͼȴֻмôһС֣
ĻֻĸħӦڶħķ롣
ʱġ
̽һһڱϷ
εĸħʵ˿¶˳ȻϵޱȷӣȴȻܹһһذǶ
¶Ū֮ùһֽʼ滭ͼ
ֺͣ٣Ƭ̺һޱȵͼѾֽϡ
ͼֽ˼飬̽˼ȻͼֽЩ޸ġ
˷ʮκȷֽϵͼӦúͱϵȫͬŰѱͼֽһźá
Щű졣
һپǰһ
⣬ǾĴ˿ɯ˿¶Цһʱ䣬·޵Ļǰʢ
˿ƺƫɫҲͨȫϣֻǼ粿׺ɫ䣬ׯ֮͸һ˿á
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ؿȴֻǵ˵ͷܺÿ֮⣬ûٶۣ˸տһ˲ʧ⣬鶼ûб䣬һƽʱƽˮ
Ϲӡ˶һۣͬʱֹһ䡣
ȻûЩȵʵʲôҲҪμô
˿һۣôֻμôɱˣҼٿŶ
㶣漴Ӧֻܲ˼ЦЦָָɯɯأô
ұģɻû˵أĸ״˾ѾɯּȥˡҪΪʲôҲ֪˿̯֣һ޹ı顣
ǳϲɯЦЦڰ֣һᣬ̤˿׼õһ·ȥ
ֹǳſͣŵĸɫѾв¶ʮɴ˿ɼĶɾֻɯ˶ѡ
ԳЦЦȻΪʷٷɭѧԺѡж˵ȴʸһ֮롣
ȻΪ˿Եʣɯܵд˻רǰһ
˵翪ʼɢ
˸Ѱ߲ΧСȦ֪ȤԼ˵һ䣬һ߳ŷʢ磬һ˼Žʱİš
ڿʼһգʣ²µʱ䣬׿·ѵʱ䣬ʣ²¡
ټ϶ҪûؼһˣҪõӽһڣһʱ䣬ֻһҡ
һ֮ڣȴкܶҪ
桤˹ߵʱ˵ɣʲô鶼˹ȴȷܾôɵ뿪
׿ѧԺרΪķ˹׼ػ̸ΪȥʷٷɭѧԺҪ׼кܶࡣ
˵ʷٷɭѧԺĻ˽⣬Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰ֪ʷٷɭѧԺǴ½һħʦѧԺ֮⣬һ֪
ֱ˵ڸħϵһЩʣǹʦġ
ȻʷٷɭѧԺ϶ҲѧôҲ˹׼õϵͳ̵
ٱ˵
УҪҲ桤˹ӵ⣬ǾǡǮ
˵ʷٷɭѧԺҪѧѣʡһʿ֧ʷٷɭѧԺλŵ۹׶Ƭ½һָĴУˮƽ
ѧѲýҪİɡ
һѶҪﵽ·Ҫɡ
ϸ·ѼʷٷɭѧԺѣҲҪӽʮööҡ
ڼĹʣԼ˹룬һڶֻܴճöҶѡ
ϴӦЩ̻ӶȻӭж⡣
ӦЩҲʹӴ˴ǵӡǣȱġ
ʱӦѧԺⶼһЩħĹˡüͷϸ⡣
ǰĹߺȻһһ˫žСţƤѥĽӳʹĿ⡣
ãҽж˹һ㶼Ҷᡣ˸ͷߣݣһɫԵ÷ǳ壬º͵Цݣһʮ׽ͬѧΪʲôһأ
ʶ˲ࡣ΢΢üղҲм˿ǰе˼ǰѲ£ڶЩ˸нġʲôô
˹΢΢һЦҿͬѧӦòһϲϻˣҾֱ˵˰ɡר㣬ֻһ⡣
⣿΢΢һ㶣Ǿǰ;Ȼͼ£ȴû˾ھͺмֵ
ϾҲֻһħѡ
ûɻ󣬶˹ԵüΪ϶ÿͬѧһЩħ֪Ȥô
ħôɰɣ


81 ᳤̽
˵˵
ģӵ˸һװһħίУȴһֱûҵʵĸħʦղɭᵽͬѧһħӵкܸߵ츳ĸħЧҪԶ׼һðˡ
üͷ˹⻰˵Щʵ
һħѣһЩ߼ĸħʦϣܹһħĵͼħʦƲ洦ɼҲһץһѣΪʲôҪȵר
ôɵ飿
ĸħʲô׷ʡ
˹һ˿ͣʵǴͷţвλ漰ĸħ岿λҪָħȴѾָõģֻҪҪɸħͿˡ
һ
һ˵ֻһЩ֯ӻӶš廻װʱŻҪȫ׸ħ
ӣǷǵĳǷװͽӵһ׸ħίС
֮⣬ͨð߶ǸԼĸҪһһػ
ָĸħҪҲأʡ
㾡ܷģָĸħǺܳģӦöѾˡ㻹δյģίҲװиĸħʽͼԿͬѧ츳ڶʱЩѰɣ
ƺԥ˹ֵڳͷ桭ΪίҪ׸ħɹװֻÿһ׸ħҲŻḶһӶÿ׸ħܼưؼϵȼϵƤѥϵϵͷϵָܼħÿһףҽöҵӶ𣬲֪Ϳͬѧô
öңס۽һд
˹ͼӣǸҲһ
˹ڼÿһٴθħԻʮöң͵ÿһθħֻʮöͭҵıꡣ
ڶ˹ȴӦÿθħöҵı꣬۸˹ͼӵʮ
ݺݵ˹ͼ䣬˶˹һۣȻһ⡣
˵ÿһ׸һαꡭܹжף
˹Цеһָͷ
һף
˹ҡͷһǧס
һǧף˹ϣ֣û̫ྪȵıʾֻǵͷ׷ʵҪʲôʱɣ
˹Щȣǵһʶһ³һ۵ίҪһɣаô
һڡͷһ¡
һǧףҲܼǧθħ
ǰڼʱһİٴθħ
ڵˮƽħٶ˺ܶ࣬ߵø࣬һǧθħ
ãҽܡͷ
Ϊ·Ѻѷʱ򣬾ôõôܾ
Ȼ͸ŹŹ֣ȫ벻Լʲô
ɴĻشö˹ٴγһ
СӡȻһɶǧθħ
һǧθħƽɾһ춼Ҫ߰ٶΣ
ȻֻһЩһħĵ٣󲿷ָħʦԳܣҪһ߰ٶθħûжٸħʦܹ
˹һѹͷ𾪣ͷ˵һַȻͬѧͬˣôпյĻ͵һºͬϸ⣬⻹㿴һ²Ϻװ
ôԹ緹һҰɡ
á
̸ף˹뿪תһȦһ䡣
Ӧˣħʦῲ˹᳤ֻһѾƣǰʵ
ţӦˡͷϵı黹һ˿δ˵𾪡᳤ȷܹһһǧ׸ħ̫˼˰ɣ
бʾôЦŷʵ
⵹ûСһ¸ղı飬ҡҡͷЩšҺ֣Ķôǿģ³ŵħʦ˵Լûɰ
ĶģȻΪʵƳ˿һۣһ͸߹㣬Ҫ׿κһˡȻʮ꣬ҲֻһħҸ㣬ĳɾ;ԲĻΪҶħʦ
ɣסҶħʦ᳤Ҳ̫ˡ
֪֪ΪʲôҪȥίУʵ
᳤˵ɵһħЧԶħʦҪôѵΪ
һԭ򣬵Ҫԭ˴󹫾ȻλȨأҲûҪΪһǧ˽̫ġʵ֮ôҪԭ̽һļޡתͷԶһ˿ЦݡԤУڷѧԺеǼθħԲżȻ
Ҳͷһ۸ղź̸˰һ˿ɡ
벻᳤ôһȦӣȻֻΪ̽һ
һЩɫСӣֵôô


82 
ʲôҪߣ˿ɴ۾Ȼỹûء
΢΢һЦǸ⣺˼˿ͻȻ뵽һЩû꣬ҪŻһˡ
˿ɵسһۣȻˣڹҸղû棬û˼ɣ˵סĸ첲ҡҡֳһЦݣҪ㶼֪ҸղΪӦЩһҲĵҪҪҲˣҽϻ粻μⳡء
ֻܿЦȷǾԼ˷ʱ䣬˿ǣû뵽˿Ȼ˵ֱףҲټˡ
㿴ɯǻúܿôҪˣ϶ҲҪһߵģôԥ˿ָָԶںͼ̸Цɯ
תͷ˿ɯüͷһ塣
ܲӦֳϣɯԵࡣ
ðɣǡ
˿С˭
ǡڴʱһ٬˽
˿Ȼתͷ
ͻȻֵӴ˿ӦԴ꣬Ǽͦ󣬵ȴǴҶЭǰǸŵһһӪģ
˿üͷصŵʲôʱֱӳƺҵˣں˵ѵ֪ͻȻ죬ѾΥΪĻô
һ飬ûǴĻղһ߶һܣһɫϾͽŵ
ŵû뵽˿Ȼ˲εɫһȴֲҶ˿ֻŭؿ
ѣŵĿǼѧԺƷɨһۣϵɫתΪġ˿ʲôʱôˣϵ·ӦǷѧԺѧɣǲ˵ڰᣬԲȵģ
ס
Ǿÿŵ˵Ļֵ̫֣ĻǰҲ֪˶١Ϊȫû뵽ŵȻ˿ǰ˵ô¶ǣ˿Ƣֻ²ɫ
ȻŵĻ˿ŭǰסŵĿ⣬ָָſŵŵ֣صؾ㣬ٺҵ֣һ飬ѣҪǶɱҶ㲻
ŶҲô
˿ָſŵָȻһһССĻָ⣬ͣת
ŵæ֣֪˿ƢҪǻпܾϴ֡
˿ˡ˿Ȼħ˳Ҳһæץס˿ĸ첲ҡҡͷ
˿һ֡
ŵԼղЩںڵʱȴֻһ仰˿ط֣ʱͷŭ
СӣȻֱ˿֣ץ˿ĸ첲
ιСӣˣղų˺ܹ㣬˵ʲôħŶԲԣŵֵ
ɨһۣûش⡣
Ļش⣬ܻشǡԡǡԡŵԼ
Ȼˣֺαظ˷Ѵࡣ
ιСӣ㻰ءش𣬿ŵŭʢ
ǿǵڼɭٰϣָֻ³ȥʹһˡ
̾һ¶㲻ȥˡ
˿ŵһۣðɣǸħţô
ŵһ㶣û뵽ȻʹسԼţճҲǫһµ
⡭СӸ˵ԼţҿҳһħʦȲϣŲţ
̾һ˿̯̯֣һ޹ص˿ҪⳡϷô
˿һЦ˳
ƽʱľͷƵģ벻ҲзȤһ档
˿סЦյԣȻϷˣҺ뿴Ŷ
ܵ˿촽³Ķס΢΢죬ǿסеͷðɣһŬġ
˿Ȼյԣһǵģ˵ЩĻŵֻоȫǱݹһ㣬жʻȼָأҲҽս
ŵȻǰһ仰󣬶ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˹
μ˿ɶǾʣͿŵ֮˿ﻹ׷ʲô
ŵȻҵ£˿ĿˣҲ̫˰ɣһĻɭסüͷ
Զĳ˷Ӧȴвͬ˿Ȼôüͷתһߣ˼䡣
һԣ᳤Ͷ˹ҲһĻһ
С˭᳤ʵ
ǿŵоĶӣ˵һֱ׷˿ɭ̫ȷػش
о᳤ЦŵоȻôĶӡ
ǰؿǱʷٷɭѧԺеѧȻΪǿĸħʦô£Ȼ޴
زʲô᳤ҡͷȻرʷٷɭѧԺˣϾûдʷٷɭѧԺҵûгΪĸ߼ħʦԵҲûʲô˵ġôڸħһ迨أȡ衣


83 
ͬ˵ԹۣɯڿһĻ˹˿ѯʾ
ԭ˿Сͣɯͷ˿Ѿ߳ȥվڿŵǰЦŵǱζˡ
ǰʵѵһµģξͺˡ˿ҲЦ
ŮٿһͿŵͬʱ͵Ц
˿ΪĴڣɯȻòϲһЩȴʤڻÿʣˬŮһ𣬱使ɶʱȫ˵Ŀ⡣
ŵĿ̰ת˼תصϺͷŭʢ
˿С׽˵ɯСȻҲôǣСһã
أȻɭ˵ǸħţҵҪŵ滹Ǽ١
߹ңƬ½ΪֹֹֻһħţܿϧǲҡȻӦһǼٵģ㲻ÿˡ
ŵʱһϣԼô˵ôҲҪӲͦģ벻СӸղŻˬĳԼţôǰȻϾͷˣƫƫһʱҲʲôɷĻôȥ
ŵһ仰ͳԱ˿ɯٴ̲ס͵Ц
ڿŵҲǵһθˣʵḻһ£ֵС֪֮Ȼô˵ˣҲмֱ£˵ĻͽսҵĻثԺ͸˿СԽԶԽãΪ㲻䣡
ıΣ̾˿ҡҡͷȣڻûʮ꣬δ꣬׼ȷ˵ֻкˡΣҾ㲻սֺثʲôϵνս˵̫򵥣ҿûκȤ˷ʱ䡣ҲΪʲôث־һҪ˿СԽԶԽá˿Сղ˵ԶԶģǲǴʵѾث֣ߣ
͡
²˿ɯΧΧ۵һЩҲ̿Ц˳
˿ɯЦСסӣǻţվվˡ
ͬʱҲ⣬Ȼܵ˵ʶʱ䲢̫ԸѾΪ˽⡣
ͨ£Ǿ˵˼ĻҾԱ˵ķ̣ҲһЦ⡣
ͿŵԣȫԸ
ðɣһŬġ
˿ղµ仰һů
С
ŵѾﻢ£Ҳû뵽濴ЩȻ罻ֶЩӦ
Ҫټȥֻ¶˾Լˣ
뵽ŵټ֮Ӳͳһ
Ҽ洫֮˵ܾǰһλ֪ĸħʦħڸսһϷϵĸħŵЦĸħһħ첻ĻǻʲôԼš
üͷһ壬Ȼϵ
ΪϵħʱͬħΪӣѶĸħǰûǮȥϵħʵ顣
ڼӺ˹ҲûнܹϵħίУԶϵħľ鼸Ϊ㡣
һװϵĸħз죬Ҫħ֮⣬Ȼ̽װϵĸħʲô
ڡһħȫмصĸħ˵ǣǾܹ̽ͼȴҲû취֪ħʽ
ҪֻͼɸħǼǲɵ
ôҲҽս¶ɫŵʱңͳԽԶԽãҪٿ˿С㡣
ɴˣΪţҲܹ⿿ͼɸħڶ飬ɴӲں
ŵ仰һͷ˿εĿ⣬ĻҲ˵
νӣ˿ȴνġ
ܹɵĻǲǾӦֵԽԶԽãԺپ˿
ŵɫһ漴ֱͦ˲ӣãҾʹӦġ˭ˣԺͲ׼ټ˿С㣡
ܺáͷ򿨲ŵ֡Ұɡ
˿ɯȥһĵ漴ַ͸̽ȥ
˭֪ոմ͸Ȼоǰһ
ȵعȴԼ·ȻһƬǿ֮С
ԭΪõ˿Ѿ׹һƬڰ
ֻڰ֮УȴǿĹâҹеķһ㣬ͣ˸
ǰܼĹâۼһԼ׵Ĵ״ҹеһ㣬׳
ܣɢŻŨ򵭵ļʮű״壬ǵûЩӦþǰһѧ˵ơ
˿̶ǿ֣һʱ䣬еıͶԼ·Ѿҹ֮Уߣǰɼ췱ǡ
һŮͰ಻סеļһšǡץȥǿģȴȻͣȵط֣ԼľȻһ˿˿ů⡣
ʲôͷġǿաȻ
Ȼһʱ͸оõϷӵͼӶȷȷǱħ
ǣ⻹һοôľ
һ䣬ԭһƷƣһ׼Ϸ᳤վеľΪõ϶ûע⣬ֻ𾪵е
Զڣһһ׷ҲÿһĻͬô
һգ۵Ĺͬʱڡ



84 ӵһħ
ôܷܲƳɹͣŵʱҪǲеĻͳɡ
üͷеûлش
˵ʵûаֵİա
֮ǰмְգϾֻҪĸħǾûգҲƾͼ͸ħʽ
ڴӸղŵһĻҪ̽ͼͿԿ϶ĸħûģ
˵СӣҪͿòãҪ˷ѴҵʱˡûӦŵӵ
ƳһۣĦһȻԱߵֵ鷳һ֧ʺͼšõֽרŵĸħֽá
ֻһ˵Ļֱ䣬º˿ǣһˣ˿棬Լʹ֪ѧϰħѶĿ飬ȴҲ
ֽͱʣһһ̽飬һֽϲͣ档
ղͻȻֵǿձһѾʧٴδʱǿٴγ֣
һֱͣ̽Ƭǿձһֱûʧ
ʱ򣬾۾ϹҲˣƬصαǿտ϶Ǻйء
û֮ԽΪһʽħͼ財᳤еΣԵĶ˹͵һʮǰɵʱ½֪Ҷħʦɣ˵͸Ůʮ
Ҷħʦôһħ˹Ȼʵ
ΪħõĲȫһħϣԸݹ涨㱻Ϊһħ᳤ͼĸӳ̶ȣ˵Ѿ˶ħһЩħҲ˿ѷɫħҲϣħŵɵĸħУҲŵǰʮĳɫƷ

䶨ˡ᳤̾Ϣһһϵħƾڵˮƽ츳кܴĻôҲû뵽ŵȻܹó
˹һͷͼüͷ᳤ѵǾǺܿôﵱô˵ģ»Ժǰ;ҪǶǸܴĴɣ
᳤һûоôɳˣҲԼ಻㣬˵Ǻ¡Ҫܲˡֻ֤ţ
˹ֿһۣЩĵҡҡͷ
Ҳ᳤ͬĻЩ᳤Ҳųŵѧӱģȴȡ
˽бעŵȴȫû˿ȥĿǱ顣
еľѾıϡ
ÿһɨħĸħʦһݾ⡣
ͨħĶ̽飬ȷϿŵû˵ѣĸħȷһħ
Ϊÿһħõĸħϲ̺ͬԪ֮ȻҲͬоĸħʦԺ׵شӸħϲԪ֮ĲƶϳħõĲϵȼ
ΪħõĲֻһħŻħʦ⡣
ֻһϣȻܹϸ塢˱Ļǰ˵ֱ޷
̽ϵͼ֮ǰҲ÷ǳ˼顣
˳ʮܼٴε̽ȷˣԼû
ΪҲʮףֻвףȸֻв׵µͼȻܼʮһߣ
ΪֹΪӵͼ
һֽѾõֻʣ±ţֱеֽʱŸȷԼѾϵÿһ߶̽˳һ©
Ǿ㾭ʮļ飬ȻЩԼ۾
ħȻ˸ӣѾȫ
侲ϸһ£ȴ־ź
粻˸ӵͼûôߵ֧֣ôֻһϵĸħƾʲôܹ˶ǵĻ
һǶ˵ʹ˸߼ϵĻֻ·ħ
Ϊ߼Ȼ̺Ԫ֮ҪȵͼӴ󣬵ɵҲߣôСķΧڣһ㵼ͼ˲ȶħɹˣҲάȥ
ô˵ĻħĸħʦѡһħȻҲǾ˼ǵġ


85 ɨ
ιСӣ㵽вУʮˣһԵĿŵôʱ㶼㲻˵ʲôţ
ʮ͵Ȳˣվ˿̲סˣڳҪǵȲԼߣֻӭ
㡭
˿ŵ뿪ڣһֱĬĳ˺ȻˡôôԿ˵
˿һмƳ˿ŵһۣȴҲûм˵ʲô
ô˵ŵҲǸ״ĿˣȻ״˿ˣ㲻ٶ̡
ŵ˵ҲеɭƬֵ̣Ͼô˿ţܲôһֱȥҿͶڰСʱɣ翨ͬѧСʱڻûħǾδģҿô
ŰСʱǿɲУ˿ʱ
ȻǸħʦȴҲó˿֮Уûô׾ħ
ɯǺħѶȣȴʵûʲô˵ʸֻܸżˡ
˿Ҫ֣˿ƺҪɭǰȵѾˣҪٳһʱ䣬ѵôҶǼҹҹô
λɭĻɺЦ
ͼɭĹǴȤ룬Ǿ߶һΣ
״еļ˿֪ԼҲûˣֻҧҧǺãڿʼ㣬СʱɸħӮˣ
ɭһ㶣˵İСʱȻǰѾõʮӰˣȴû뵽˿ȻάȻʮҲҪȡ
ɭʧЦҡͷҲῨŵĿ飬ڰֵҸøʲôʲôɣСʱ˵̧ͷΪϵĸħĻǿգһЦǻҪлŵƬǿգýзζ
˹һЦɢȥ
ŵһۣﶢҲûʲô˼Ц뿪
ֻ˿ɯһվ󣬽Ķ
ɯ˵ܲɰͷƺڳ˼˿ŵɯѯʵ
ҡҲ֪ɯЦҡͷ˵ʵ˿ҵĸħˮƽɲ߰ҿϵĸħºܲһ㣬
ģţһѲûɯ˵꣬˿Ѿȵ
ϣ˰ɡ
˵ĿϣȴȻͷ°͸ղ̽ʱһģһ
ղֻƷͬȴʳָʼСָÿһָ쳣شϷ
ỺĶڸһƬ۵Ļ䡣
ͬʱĸָʳָʼÿ϶ɢĹâֱơࡢɫ
âָ΢΢ϺȻյͬɫħһ㡣
һĻԭѾƵ᳤Ȼٴ𾪡
ɨ裡Ȼ
ɨ裿ʲôһԵĶ˹ϴһɻʵ
ɻиǳԾ
᳤ôã᳤֪ȻһãͬǰЩĺȴҲһ׾ͻᶯݵˡ
벻ڽ̶̲Сʱʱڣ;Ȼܹ¶˳Ծı顣
ɨ裬ֱΪȫԸƵͬƶϷ᳤εԶȸղ˵Ϊ֣ءһٶǰŸħʦ˹ءģһרƶװϸħʽķ
ƶϸħʽ˹һôܣ
װƶϳͼһ㲢ѣħʦΪϾװϵͼģħʦֻҪʹ̽װϵÿһߣͺװͼ̽Ȼͼδġ
ҪֱͨװϵĸħƶϳħĸħʽǶԴħʦ˵ǲܵ顣
ΪħʽǣϵѡԼȣЩôͨѾɵĸħƳ
˹ء֮ǰȷܡȫԸƵͬƶϷ󣬾ͱпˡ᳤νȫԸƵͬƶϷǸħʦͬʱԵȻͣءƵǿ֮б仯Դ˶װϵÿһ߽ϸµ̽顣
᳤˵
û᳤ͷ˹Ӧ֪ϸŵԪ֮ǸħʦͨǿƸװϵģЩԪ֮͸ħʦڸħʱʹõͬǿͬԵʱͻȻһЩӦ
Ҳ˵ʲôɨ裬ʵͨͣصԺǿȣƶϳÿһڸħʱҪص㣿
ˡ᳤ҡͷƶϳһ⣬ΪʹԪ֮ɷӦҲƶϳÿһиŵԪ֮ԡǿʹĸħʦڸħϵʶ㹻ĻƶϳħõĲԼȡ
⡭ⲻܰɣ˹Ȼܹ֪ÿһߵϸڣǹƾһƳħϣҲ̫ôǿĻǸͲзӡħĴˡ
ħѧӳֵѾʷٶкܶŸħʦࡢָĸħȻ󲿷ֶȴͬҲΪڶĸħΪʧͼ͸ħʽӶʧʷĳС
ħһصװûбĻħֻܴӴʧ
صװĻôпһ챻ĳħʦƽӶȥ
νӡħָЩΪĳЩԭʧͼ͸ħʽȴصװĸħ
˹һ⡣᳤Ȼ̾˿ҡҡͷɨȻΪֹΪɫƷѶʵ̫ˡΪҪʹĸħʦܹͬʱԵһҪƵʵǿ֮תҪħʦԼƵ÷ǳڱ̬һľȷһ㣬˹ءһٶûмħʦܹ
Ҳ˵ĸħʦ٣˹üǾ٣ҲмɣΪʲôҺӡħƽϢ
Եһ⡣᳤ЦиħʦֻܹƶϳÿԪ֮ĸԣȴվǲ總ħʽôϸͨȫħȻлɹȴȻ͵ÿ¡
ô˵䶨˰˹̾Ϣ
Ҳȷˡ᳤һۣ͡Сӽϸ̫ྪϲȻɨ趼ܸһǸľϲҲ˵


86 һ
ɾû᳤ôɡ
Ȼտʼѧϰʱ˿̵ǿȺͳ־ԼľȷƳ̶ȶ˴ߣʹȻʮֳ
ҪͬʱĸָϷֲֲͬԵҪͬʱƵʵزͣǿľѹ
ǱԸ񣬺˹ͼĸǿȹѾӦ˸߶ȵľУֻͼֲȥˡ
˾ϵѹ֮⣬ʹÿһ̶ҪټΪϸµɨÿһߣĶһ̽㻨ӽʮӵʱ䣬ȻѾһС롣
ΨһĺϢǾε̽ħͼѾȫգÿһصԶѾ˳˽⡣
ҲҪһħʵһħĸص㶼ѾȻء
Ȼϵĸħǳӣվһħķ룬ƾḻʵ飬Ѿƶϳݡ
Ƭ̣ղǴ̽ĸϸڣѾƺͼֽϹ
ɯʲôʼֽϹ˿ɯʵղѾǸʲôͼô
ͼɯһۣҲЩɻ󡣡ҹڼ¼ɡЩôģǲµİɡ
ͼֽϻͣͣʱ̽һ£Լֹʮ֮󣬲ŷ˱ʡ
ֽѾض챻дݣͼ
ȻûʲôӰ죬Ϊÿһߵϸ̽飬ڼѾͼӡԴ
ץֽһٴɨ̽һ顣
һĶҪöˣֻӾˡ
˿ɯܰҸæôȷԼû©ʲôתɯֵ
Ŷʲôæ˿ɯ뾫һһֱæȴֻܸżͱв͡
ץһЩϡݸɯһֽץ˿ϴҵʱҼǵ˵ǼдһЩħϵģɯһȥһô
˿ɫ΢죬֮ԻһЩħϣǻΪϴκһȥ󣬺ȻԸħЩȤŲɹġ
ΪʲôͻȻԸħҲȤܾΪħʱıɡ
áɯ˿ȥϽӦһɯͳ汼ȥ
Ȼ˿ɯ뿪ŵһתǰЦЦιôͻȻˣǲһİ
ɨһۣûлش
ԼİСʱѾõʮӣʱѾˣȴкܶ๤Ҫ
ùһֽʳָ滭
ģ⸽ħҪϣϤħͼ
һ⣬ͨģ⸽ħḶ́ϸղͨɨ̽鵽ĸߵԴƶһ¾帽ħʱп⣬ԼĸħǷܹ;帽ħʱǺϡ
Ͼ֮ĴģŵҲ˼ô˵ע¹ᣬֻøЦ˵һԡ
ǰõʱĸ׾Ѿ߹ϵĸħú֪ܶĸħʦ浽ʲôĸħҪ˵졣
ŲѧԺһ꼶ѧܱô֪ĸħʦ
ⳡģӮˣ
Ӻ˿ɯһһɰıܽ˴
˽Ųֱͣܵߣ򿪣¶Сĸħϡ
ÿץһݣ㿴ôɯѯʵ
ǡô˿һģ⸽ħɯ⣬Ĳ϶˳ϸһ£ͷ㹻ˡ
תͷһԱϵħӣ־ĽʱѾֻʣ²ķӡ
ôаôϵǣ˿ĵʵ
һɯ˿ЦЦȻ֣Ҫһ
˿ɯһ漴ϲаյˡ
ҵģ
ҵģ
ժ²ϵݵǰ
ĿɨεıӹԥƬ̣˿е
˿ȽϴӦ׸ħһЩ͵
ɯɫһһеȴûа¹һزӣֻ¶һЦݣҡҡͷ֪Ҫ˿ϸħʧܵĻɡǶǸħʦӦúħʧһλԽĸħӰġ
һ£΢΢ͷһ׿˿źãȻʮֲϡ
Ķʱȫ˵Ŀ⡣
˰СʱҪʼô


87 Ҫȷ
ƮҶβзǡˮɺǳʯĩһѡϣ᳤һֱ֣ѲȫѡЦŵ˵ͷܺãعȻûʧͼǴʽħƮҶǱģЩеǳħȻдĻԪ֮Ϊ֧ţѡ˴ĳβзҲȷǳʯĩеİԲϣҪһƬ޴ҹգҲٲ˵ġˮɺǸʲôġֻ˷硢ˮԵĲȻټӦòʺħŶ԰
ڳ˷Ը£߿һĻҲ᳤һɻ󣬲Աߵߺͳ˶Ըħһϲͨȴû취ߡ
ѡòϺ󣬶ûаֱͣͣӿʼ˵ơ
ÿһθħһξʱʣ࣬ƲϵĶȴȻꡣ
˵ʵθħʵԴӿʼӴħûаյһΡ
ÿһθħֳɵͼ͸ħʽѧȻÿʵʸħ֮ǰٴεģ⸽ħֻڶħѾ˳ֵ˽֮ŻῪʼʽĸħ
Ϊ˷Ѳϡ
һӽӴһħʼڲŲһСʱҪʼʵʸħħûͼѧϰҲûиħʽοһУƾԼƶϡ
ֻͨļ򵥸ħҲͰˣħֻһһħӳ̶ԶԶΨһһյĶħ
Ҫħκһħʦûаա
оеԪ֮Ѿȫ˿Ѿݲûаգһ죬һ΢ȴּһ˿ڵĹâָ˳˿ϡ
˵֮ǰлΪûаնЩɵĻôڵһ߻Ϻгǰĸħ
ʵħܹɣѶЧǷܹͼ貣ڸħԣΪħõĲϱϾֻһϣΨһѶȾֻٶߡ
һĸħʦԣô̵ʱػƳٶһǳѶȵ飬ڴСͶԻ滭źǿȤͬⷽųǿ츳ڽӴħ꾭ʵԣǲɵ
˸ӵͼ֮⣬Щеֵģϵħص㡪Χ̫Сˡ
ǰɵĸħСΧľƤѥϵ
ƤѥСвһƴСĵطħϵħȴҪںСķΧɣڵһνӴ˵ʵǸս
ͷʮһߵʱ򻹲ãʼеڶԺ߻ʱȴʵǷǳŵ⡣
ֻǻôߵĻҲ㲻ϺѣؼⲢǼ򵥵ĻͼҪעÿһߵĻȣԼÿһ֮ľ룬Լǻ֮Ӱ졣
ʧĻ¾ͻǣһȫֱӰ쵽ħɹĿԡ
һ㣬ߵ࣬ҲͱԽԽҪ
ʵϵħڸħʦҪ֣ǾǾȷ᳤һںƣ΢Цӵ˸ͼĸħƫƫϵħѧǽһЩܵϵĸħʦֻ¶ɡƫƫҪħȴءСһķҲҿ϶ھȷһ棬֪ܶĸħʦȲ
ʵ᳤ԡ
Ȼߵ࣬ҪխϼػͼҲԽԽѣĶȴһʼûаּƣԵԽԽҲԽԽˡ
ǰٶߵĻ㻨ӽӵʱ䣬ӽߵĻƣȻֻһӶһˣ
ָں۵糸ӹΧΧ۵϶˰಻סľȡ
˶ħ˿ĶѾ㹻Ϊ֮Ŀѣԡ
ŵɫȴЩѿԼӮδļģ˿ݵĶȴЩ
аħôᶯô죿
һɫĹâָ˶ס˺붢
һ졢Ĺâβ漴͵һһӰ
û˷ӦâΣȻÿһķȼС·ȴ쳣ûκظ
ٴ֮󣬹âµĻӰѾγһҫ۵ĸͼ
һЩϺõ˸ոշӦͼղֽϻͼЩʱâȴѾͣ¡
˿ɯĺȻ
ԼѾɣħǷɹͿ


88 
͵رһ۵Ĺâ漴һСɵȴ쳣ͼһȻʧ
̫ˣ
˿ɯ˷ܵغҲס˻ȭͷ
ɹˣ
ڸղŻһʱѾһİգǿħɹˣǰ಻סеļ
ȻǰѧϰɨʱѾйûͼ͸ħʽ·Ƹħľ飬ȴһ˶̵ʱɡ
ңɵĻһ˸ӵĸħ
Լû뵽ھȻѾڼСǸǸħʦѧϰħʱ֮࣡
̫ˣŵȻ˵ףСֻһθħѣʲôϡ棡ǵĴȫɹħҪɵĸħЧϵĲһǻˣ
ߣһӮģ˿ϲ̵Լ￴˰죬Ȼְݻ˼ͷǸɣҲ֪ôЧ
֪ɯȻһ˶񣬿һۣԼ˵ͷҧҧһ˿˳̽ϡ
Ĵٴ˺ڰ
ڵҹգ貵ǳҫ۵ӣһơ
һУ͸ղһ
ۣɹˣɹˣһǰĻ˿һץסĸ첲һʹҡţһ߻
˿ɯķӦڱϿҪƽˡ
Ȼ˿̵ȴ·һ㣬þòƽ
˿Ǹħʦ֪ǰһĻ壬ȴǺġ
ܹûͼ͸ħʽ£һѾħװƶϳĸħط⡭
ϣܹɹɹİǰʱȴѾԼ۾
ǵĳϿεʱѧᵽ⣬ʦĻشǡ
ȫܣԽ㡣ӸħֵٶмصĳɹҲʮ
ڣǰֶһ
ɯŤͷǵһʶһ㡣
׻ٴξϲ
˿ɯ־ϲŵȴֻʣ˾̡
ǸħʦθħѶȺ壬һȴס
δģˣ
벻ղŻúôһγڰǰĽȴȻķħɵЧһģһ
ô˴ͷβĹע£ˣҲ޴ˣ
ѵҪô˵ǰԼˣ
ⲻܣ
ŵ˰죬ȻƺһŤͷߡ
˿СһԷ䣬ȴס
ſŵȥķ΢΢һЦˣ˿ȻѾӮˣͲ˷˵һҪллأΪҿ»֪ԭϻĸħ
ͷŴ貵ǿգЦݸʢ
ħħˮƽߣ֮ҲֻԼܹ
ڴĽ᳤ͷͬһƬǿա
ͼһǣһǺĻҹһҫâĻʱ͵һƬ̣͵Ťͷɫǰδеࡣ
˹롭ǿһš
顭顭顭
峿ʱ
ѧԺľʦѧǶ˯֮ʱѧԺɽĽȴһƶɵ
飡
һȭǰֵϣһһָȭӡ
ȭӡΧ˿˿Ѻۣص˵ͷջ֡
ԭҫŵĵɫâҲ֮ȥȻһʹִסüͷ
廹Ǹϰ̾һҡҡͷ
Դ˹ǰչֳʦʵǿҪҲѧϰÿỨѼСʱȥѧϰйʦ֪ʶ˹ָ¿ʼгʦϰ
˹˵ûƾޱȵĸħٶȣѾʸΪһʦ
ֻʱ䣬Ѿȫ˹ʦĻ֪ʶѾܹʹø󷨡
ʵսȫΪ㣬Ѿһϸһʦ
Ȼһôո߼⣬һȴҲҪʹܵƣǾǡ塣
ͨԼ帽󷨣ȷԶĸܣȴͶʿֻͬƾͻȻõߣΪʸϣײһЩá
һʹóٶԼƶٶȺȻֻһٶף˫ȱѾеʹ
ֱ羭˹ѵѾܹ˲˫󷨵ӣղűԼϽ˳ٶȺͳ󷨵ӣ˿ֱȭӡ
־󷨵Ӻ󣬹ûȴǺǰһ˼ȭϹȻȭӡأָͬҲѺ۴
⻹ֻһħЧɵĸãǸ߼ħĻһȭǷǳпܰϣֻԼܹǸ⡣


89 ˭
ָϼѪ۽͸룬̧֣һâֱȻһ΢ɫâ漴һȭ
飡
һͬȫȭԱȸղС˺ܶ⣬ϸֻƤް˺ۡ
㹻ǹûˡٴҡҡͷ
ղϽ˳̺ͳ˫󷨵ӣȫһȭϣֻоһ΢ķ֮ȴûκʹķӦ
ʹ󷨣ֲķǴ´࣬ȴûдɱϵ
ȭͷҪã
ܹͬʱĲ󷨵ӵĻǿһ壬ڵˮƽһװʽħȴһ˲ϵ󷨵ӡ
ȻֻǸʱ⡣
˹˵츳󷨵ӲпܴﵽܹɵĸħӲࡣ
Ҳ˵ļޣп󷨵ӣ
һ㣬ǡǡӰʦʵĹؼ
һʦ˵ʵߵ͵ģյ⣬Ҫսж󷨵á
ܹһ˲ɵ󷨵ӲԽߣҲʹʦսԽߡ
㹻ľӦĻһԶһǿ󷨸Ҫ
飡
һȭ
һΣѡǳٶȺͳ
һǳǳȭӡȭͷЩʹ
飡
ٴһȭ
һΣѡǳͳ
¼ѺۣǸ˳ָڹµĺۼָͷеһɴʹ
飡
һȭ
һΣѡǡ

ѧԺУѾΪһħšԼȴܹ֮ڵĸħˮƽҪ˹ͼεʵͬʵǰＸʮεģ⸽ħԼΪģ⸽ħóʱ׼
˵ǲϵϰ
κһţ뽨ںˮĻϡһνӴħʱǵĸħʦ˵Ļ
ӿʼڣѧϰһħ֮ǰᾭϵϰŻᾭôʵħ󣬶ԸħԶԶͨѧﵽˡšĵز
ڣԴʦѵҲһ̬ȡ
飡
飡
飡

ÿһ󷨵ϣϰȭвԣϰȭУ᲻ͣصÿһ󷨵ϸ΢طܹϳõЧ
˷ӽǧȭȥϵȭӡԽԽֱϵʹȴԽԽ΢
飡
һջȭͷ˲ͷϵĺ飬̧ͷһȴִ˿ѾЩۡ
ʹڵĳжϣֻѾ˵㡣
ѾȭӡĿȫǵɣǸЦЦת뿪

һתǰȻһӰϮһҲֻǿ̧˫֣ǰ
ͬʱת˲˫϶˳̺ͳ󷨵ӡ
顪
ӰײʱһԶȸղŻҪƼֵ졣
ֻ˫۽洦ǱһػУϮʱƵ˼
룬Լ˫żһͳٶȣȻͺӰԶԶ
˭
ΪʲôϮң
ôûм׷
ǿѹΪؿڷƣ̧ͷȥʱһ
˹ô㣡
ġԶĵطķ˹̬ɣ΢Цаָո͵Ϯģ
٣أϺáִ˸к
ϺáɻüǿӦһ䡣
ķ˹ĿԱߵ˵ͷأҲʦȤô
ǰɡ
ʵȻʦȤȴûҪȥһʦ
˹вյѧϰʦĻ֪ʶֻڸʦһ֪
ǿϧˡķ˹Ȼ̾Ϣ
ϧϧʲôȻ
أȻǵڶε̸֪֪ʵԴǴαһֱ㵱ҵ֪
֪Ȼ
ںķ˹ı֮ǰԿ϶ѧԺķûԼ֣ӱʼֱڣҲŹ˲ѡ
ֱڣڽԺټʱһ⣬ûҪ˵̸ˡ
ڣȻ˵Լ֪
ʲôЦ
ǵģΪһǡš˵ʱķ˹˵ʲôȻ¶һ˿ЦʵҺԼʲôţֻΪӴħȽ磬õʱȱ˶ˡҪ˵ŵĻǡ
Ҳǡ
ǣķ˹Ļں֮ǰҴû뵽ѧԺȻһ꼶ѧܹնħû뵽ȻҲûյĸ͸ħҺʦ֪ӿʼѧϰħڣŲѡ˵㲻ţ˭ǣ
ס˷ۡ
һôˣҪҧԼô


90 
ðɣҳԼţȻأֵ̯רңòҳһɣ⣬Ϊʲô͵Ϯң
ΪȷһʦˮƽָԼ͵Ϯ˹ıûаֲ˼Ҹеϧָеҡ
ϧң㵽˵ʲôЩܲ˿˹˵ʽˡ
һôϼЩһ˵ôĨǵġ
ϧǣţȫͶ뵽ħʦȥĻĳɾͺпܷͬһ㣬Զҵ󣬵û뵽ȴʼоʦʵںܿϧ˹ҵǣʦˮƽߣڻͷü
һ£˿˹˼
˵оʦӰҵĸħˮƽ
ԡ˹˸ָ¶һοЦݡұΪ츳ʷٷɭѧԺҲͬŹʣΪҺúóһ㿪ʼʦȤʦĻҵϣֻˡ
ֻúķ˹̸һôԴʺԽԽˣ
Ϊʲô˼
˹̧ͷһգѧԺſڷָָʱ䲻ˣǱ߱˵ɡ
ͷڣȷϵĺζԣŵͷͿ˹һѧԺȥ
˽ҪһμӷѧԺٰһ
ǷѧԺͷڵļٰ̻һΪڵṩһЩʵȴǷѧԺ⼸̻ṲͬĹˡ
Ϳ˹ͬʱʷٷɭѧԺѡеѧȥ⵱Ȼԡ
㲻ɣ˼˹Ȼڡ
ûϵ
Ǻã֪֪ʵȥұʷٷɭѧԺ
üûϣ
ѾҪˣ˹ȥ꿼ϵĻôôܻ
ûûϣ˺ܴĴ˵˹ֳһ˿Ц
˵治С
ȥʷٷɭѧԺ֮ǰΧǶ˵ǸţԼҲôΪڲμʷٷɭѧԺĿ֮Ҳŷ֣ʲôȱɾǲȱš˹ֳ飬ֻУȴһ˿ļ£һ˿֡ʷٷɭѧԺҲʶʵԼʲôϱԼŵ˻ǣһһЩˣѾܱΪţȫԱΪ̬
̬촽˶Цȴû˼Ц
̬ǿǸħԺܶһ꼶ѧǰԿ˹ĳƺ
Ǵο֮ҲŷԼʵͨһ󣬾ϸǣɴ౨˷ѧԺ
ΪʲôЩ֡
˵˹ܵ˴ӦһЩõѧԺԼĸħˮƽŶԣҪѡѧԺִ½ѧԺ
ΪڷѧԺҿ϶ǻᱻ˳֮ΪţҪġš֣˹ȻЦҾԼһֻҾ뿴Χ˶˵ŵ£һܱܲһƽģܲܰеľѧϰоħϡ
һжԿ˹˾֮⡣
һˣ˹ǰ˳ΪţȴʷٷɭѧԺشĴ󣬾㲻ԱֻҲһ겻񣬴Ӵ˺ѻָԭȵˮ׼
˹ȻԼ»صһֻС
˵뿿ѧԺֻһŵĻôˣȴ뿿ֻ޲ԼʱԼҪԻ
ˣ㲻ţҲһΪġ
һʱ˵ǳʹࡣÿα˳ԼŵʱҶǱش˸⡣šֳƺڱ˵һҫ˵ȴһֳ衣˺ҽӦšƺѾҲκηӦҲţȴҲǴģֻǸͨĸħʦѡ㶮仰˼ô
ͷסи˸߹ңϣֻһĸħţ˶ԶȻҲǡ
һ㡣˹صͷʱ˵䡯ֵʱϸ۲㣬ȴȻˣȴ񲢲ֻΪսʤңҴпһ˿ԵáҺ֣ѧսʤҵĻ»ǳɣȴûС
˹仰˵ЩԴ󣬵ȴʵ
˭սʤѧԺΪŵķ˹ֻ¶̲סЩԵá
ƫƫ
治սʤΪʲôҪԵáӵ֮Ӯʵǿ㲻ֱĻҲҿ϶Լ᲻Ӯ
ͬҿ϶ԼܲӮԸɴ䡣˹ʼ硣ҶĵĴûаȤǷԺţҸμӡ
ΪʷٷɭѧԺʡ
ɡ˹³һ̾ʶôˮƽͬ˺ҶڷѧԺڵıȻûʲôȤġĳֻ֣ڷѧԺһܹ˵仰˶ûС
ƳһۣһȻԲΪŶԵãȴȻú
˵˰죬û˵⡣ѵ
Ŷ˵ղŵ£˹ЦҺ˵˰죬ʵ㣬ħʦʦҪȫͶĶѧĻĸѧá˵ȥʷٷɭѧԺ֮ǰҲʦܸȤˮƽ
ͷղſ˹͵ϮȻֻһ£оóõͬһħȴԼǿ
ұеľͶ뵽оħϣҲûʦ顣ղ͵Ϯһ£һҵһʹء
лѡΪʲô˼
Ϊ˹ɫ˱䣬漴ָ˵һʷٷɭѧԺһϸġϣʱͬѧķϣҡ
Ƶس˳˹һﵽǴοԵĹʲôȻҪȵһźԼһΪ
Ǿ͵ʱ˵ɡ˹ɲ꣬ҲֻöԴ˲ÿɷ


91 ʦ
һ̵ʱ̵ָֽࡣ
Ȼƽʱĩ̵־Ѿ㹻֣ͷӿӿļȴһ
ѵ˹̵ָָҵһЦ
ĹաѧԺ׶С˹СҶЭᡢԼ̵ͬϾٰ졣һ˳ȻȻ֣ܼг֯ȻЩϵ
ôˣǽеæˡ˹Цһͷ̵ȥ
ѧԺڵλʱȴطﷴΧŵ١
תһ뵹ҲϾ֯ǵ񣬳µĿɶרҵʿǷѧԺֻɳѧȺҲġ
Ϳ˹ˣħԺιʦ۾һһӣһ
ѧԺħԺףδʷٷɭѧԺѧΪ죡ԶͨƷʵĳǿħΪɣ㡭ԥô
Ϳ˹һۣͷֱð
Ҳ̵ֵ̫ķ˰ɡ
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ڴ󲻵һӣħԺ̯λǰѾ֡
տʼЩ˻ֻǳšʷٷɭѧԺ⼸ģ뿴ʷٷɭѧԺѡеŵ׳ʲô
ǵȵһð߰಻סеĺԼĳħޱĶסˡ
ð߷־ħĳǰҪ˼ֺɧ
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Ҳᡣ᳤ĻΪҾͲԸɨôʵ㣬֪ɨĸħʦܹܶ࣬ȴ޼ΪԸħʦҪ̫ˣһĸħʦﲻҲСԾ׿Ĳ˵ƾؾȻܹɨһ㣬Ѿʸ
˵᳤˿ħɹ󴥷Ļ󣬽סһ̾
ʵһȴûи߿ŵóĻȻѾ㹻ѤλãɵĸħĻΪܶϸڷƣЧȿŵóĻҪѤҪ棡
˵ʱɵħǸŮʱִ٣ûоʱϸµƣȻܹڶ̶̰Сʱڣûͼ͸ħʽ°ƳѾ㹻᳤еԾˡ
е𾪵ģȻ̶ܹʱħнһƣ
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ܹɨ裬˾ȷĿƣһ㣬᳤ȻЩȣ뵽ЩȷĸħҲܹȻ
ȻɨİȴҲһܹƳħΪħһҪǳϸĹһ߳ͿӰ쵽ĸħЧ
һ㣬ڻ฽ħϱֵԡ
ʵɹˣĸħЧĸá
ɴ˿ɼɲ᳤ֻһƼ侫ȷصѧѡ
ܹͨɨħص㣬ҳɹƻʲôܹԸƣʹһħ⣬ҪԶԶ᳤
Ѿﵽ˴ʦľ磡
뵽᳤һ˿Ц
Լ뷨һһôţվʮ궼ûôϡʦۡ
ǵ᳤شסоһϺȴֲòϣĵۡ
Ϊ᳤Ǹħʦῲ˹᳤ֻͬʱҲһļħʦû취Ѿ֪ͼͲȵ·Ƴɹȴˡ
ɨİȴҲֻ˵һҪǿ˲١
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΢΢һЦ᳤ȥԿصӣһúдġ
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92 ͵Ϯ
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ΪֻһħԻϾһħɣټɸħٶ죬˹һѾһɵĸħѾٸ
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˳ٶȺͳ̵ȭͷ·˵Ķϡ
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Ӷʱһֱǣ˼ǰĵϣѾһƬĿѪ졣
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һȭ죬ȸղľһ»Ҫࡣ
֪ԷտʼԼɱ֣ȴǶŭȻٺͶԷӲƴ
һȭٶ죬ոմˣֻܿǿŤұǰ
顪
һ죬ֻԼ·һʯӭײӲص˳ȥ
ڿеʱ򣬱úһӿ漴һѪ
֪ԼղֻŶԷԼʵжϳ˶ԷһֲڶԷԶԷղչֳʵԼӲƴĻ϶Ƕ֡
ڣڿ϶ԼղŲûпǸӰ
Ļô˻ôһ塣
뵽̲סԼһ䡣
ôԵӵԼȻҲʵ̫侲ˡ


93 п˵ı
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εȻȥӲӣܿȴһղűѪǰ
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⣬ȻƲԵḷ̌ȴûлش
Ĳ˵ô䣬һȭʵĶϡ
ۡٴһѪ
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Ҫ˵ûʲôνģУͬռе
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˭֪ûһӹȻ˲ǰ
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пˣȻ㣡
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ڼǰǷѧԺħѧԺһ꼶İĸ߲һʦͬͬѧжǰ;ĸħš
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ڿһ˲䣬п˱ǻһŭȼת۾Ͱ˫۶յͨ졣
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94 ܴ
пˣȻ㣡
пǰѾӡĵ׵ףȴǵһʶһ㣬˺ðΣǿЦ٣أô
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԰ûˣҪСǰʾ
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п˱ֻһӵܣԶö࣬˿̱ȭУҲֲסһƨɵڵϡ
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˵գֱпɪӣһת׼뿪
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Դ߰ѸֻǿҵĲʡ
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п˺Ȼһһذ˲С
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ȻоһɾҵʹӶϴȫ˲ͳе̲סˤڵء
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пѾܳתǣһˤڵء
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ģƤԽԽأǰҲԽԽڡ
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95 ޸
˿죬ĿĵڷϿպҷš
ȻΪΰ룬ϿһֹħʦУִڵԶԶر㷢˿Ȼ¡
ĸ״ǵģҪȥǸļһ˿һ߷ţһ
ĩѧԺûΣ׼ڼú˯ġ
˭֪ĸ״ر˰ҾȻҪʢװһ£ΪҪһϯһ硣
˿ô֪ܲĸ״˴⡣
ǰ죬׶һЩͣ˵ʲôʲô󹫾һС
󹫾ͻȻǸʲô˿ùܣ֮Իע⵽ЩˣΪ˵󹫾λĴǰ
ʲôӣĸ״˴ǰʼһֱ˿ǰ佱˵ʲôȻʮ꣬ȴѾ׶ӳΪӢȵȡ
˵ĸ״һԼǸʲô󹫾ĴӼ棬Ȼף飿
Ҫ˵˿ʲôƽʱһʱ벻شǱȻס
ǰЦ¡Ǹһ׾£ҵˡ˿̾˿
ʵǰ׵Ҳر𿹾ܣΪּͥŮӣʲô顣
Ȼǻ㡣
˿ǰףÿζܻΪһԽӴͬˣҲİ飬Ҳϣҵȥġ
ǲ֪ô£һζʲô󹫾ӣ˿ȴȫûκμ
ĸ״ߵĺըиУڽȥǸʲôӼ漫Ϊܡ
ĸ״ҪóΪĸ׵Ȩѵʱ˿зƣȻеغһܣ֮ط˳
ΪʲôôǸһҸû˿Ҳơ
ĸ״ڶ߆̫ΣҲǸδıļһôŶԡ
Ͼĸ״ǰÿζôܵġ
Ϊʲô
һӺ˿
˿һͣ
ɣΪʲôΪʲô뵽Ǹһ
ѵ
˿ϽҡҡͷѸոһ˿˦˳ȥ
ܵģ
ǴԼҲֻԼлˡ
ЩʲôܵĽӴҲ£ġ
Ǹһﳤ㣬ڸħʱıҲˣԼ˧öˣʲô
㡭

˿ȥȻȻ֣Լ˰죬ԺģȻŵ㣡
Ǽһȱô
ȻС
˵ֻǸƽ񰡣Ʒζܲƽʱưʲôġ
Ҫȱ㣬һġ
ɯ˵ϴɯԷȻʳĺз
ôСĵļһʲôã
˿ȴû֣ȱʱȻ߸ϾǻЦݡ
ͣͣͣһˣԼȻЩƲס˿ڿ½ţ˦˦ͷ߰뷨ӵһߣȻӡȥԷأ
ղΪĸ״˶˿ûȥμǸʲôͳˣټҲûԣڶǿտյġ
˿Լھ̵ֲԶϴɯ̵ָһСԽ֣ܶණзζŤͷ̵ֵķȥ
ʱ
ȻڸٷУ˺ԶͬʱֻһſڵϵıӰ˿ȴһ˳
ףһſڵϸʲô»ȻſһСһ˿ЩȣΪʲôϷڶһȴһŴĿ졣
˿ʱһǰӿ¡
ʱŷ֣ţȻȫѪ
żҪӶܽȥѪ˿ʱˣʹѡ
ѣôˣ
޷Ӧ
˿һ£һԼĶͷ
˿侲
ͷֳһӡͬʱ˿Ҳ˲侲
룬ͷһƯȻקһ첲ԼļϣȻʹקŬſԼ
ȻƯİһϵеضȴ˿
˿ֻü鲻˿ң̧ͷһ¹̻ķȻ۾Ϣһ漴Լ˸飬˫һţ㱳
ӦȵĻ֮С
ûС
Ѫȫģ۾ΧĸоҲóٶ
˿ŴиٷɹҲûао
Ǿ£ȴʣһָо쳣ҪѵʱҪ
ǾǸħʦĸ
ħʦڵƽʱĻŹ̶·ڸħʦĴ
·ÿħʦƺ;ԣͬͬƽʱ඼ǹ̶ȻΪ԰ħʦϵصΧԪ֮׺һиħʱٿزеԪ֮Ҳࡣ
֪Ϊʲôһʼѧϰħոһʱͷ֣Ԫ֮׺ͶȾͺܸߡ
ҲܹɾȷħҪԭ
Ϊһ㣬ƽʱٶҲܿ죬ͨĸħʦ
Ȼ֣ٶȣȻƽʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
ҪǣЩķ򣬾Ȼȫһ򡪡ꡣ
ոԵһ˲䣬Ѿֻܿһգ۹Ѿڶ긽漴ءһͼ
ⲻǴηֵͼôгһ
ڸ¡ħʱͺѧϰħƤѥٶʱÿ淨һ֮ʣܻᷢԪ֮Զ֫룬ȻڸһͼһȦɱɵĸħ
ͼͼ
ͼרоһ£¼ֻǺȴûа취κѯʣֲ
ʱֻǲ²ͼӦһͼȴѾܹ϶
Ϊ룬ͼһ
ĸֹâԼÿһ·Ľ桢ߣͼΪӽ
ֻ΢һԪ֮ܰԼôӵĸħҪȫֻʲôЧ
ڴ롰ͼȫȫʲôЧʱȴͼһʱȻͣ
·ʲô谭һ㣬ǻǰ
һ£׹
ǸλǡþǸղűпͱȥĵط
ԼĶƤΪпһ˸ӣڸͼȴҲ⵽𻵡
нסеϧ
ʧȥͼٽϧԺûлٺúоһ£ΪʲôͼĸħЧô档
ȻпϧͷͻȻڵ·Ƿ˷㣬ȻȫԳƽʱʮٶȫ򸹲
ʶУͼĲ룬ԽԽ
𻵱Ե㣬Ҳ룬Ȼȴʮּͦأһһǰ
кȻһ
ͼ޸
漴ޱȹŹ֡
޸ͼ
̫˰ɣ


96 ˸

ѾһˣôûѰɯŴһǵص
Ҳ֪һԵĿҡҡͷü⡣ǹ̻ļ˾ѧԺҽʦ˵ˣֻΪѪŻԵģôȥˣӦ˰
ˮƽҾˣȥǿܲˮƽļ˾ҽʦ˿վȻͬƣȴܼᶨҾͲûκ
ˣ˿׸Ͻס˿ֻҲ̻ļ˾˵ˣ״ʵܺãֻΪʧѪ̫ѣ޴󰭵ġ
Ϊʲôڻѣ˿ʵһˣ˿һڣҲò
˾ҽʦҾ͸ˡ
Ҹ˿˿һۡǵļ˾ҽʦβãǵļ˾ҽʦҲβô㶼ǵļ˾ҽʦҲβãҾ͵ŵ۹ȥ˾ҽʦҲβã
׿˿һۣȻ¶Ź֣˿Ϊʲôôż
ҡ˿ſڣϺһһɾȹҵΪ˱ҵȻҪȫˡ
ôЦЦȴҲû϶Ȱ˿㻹ǲҪȥˡڵ岢û⣬Щ˾ҽʦҲ˵ˣ϶ûΣյģҲż˵ȥ˺ͷ˿ȥô
˿һɫ
ڴϵ⼸죬˿ÿ춼ϼСʱ
ɭ֪û˵ʲôȴǴȻôһͬѧߣ̫񻰡
˿ȻִһܣԵؼÿţֻǳ˼̵Ľ
˿ȥרŰ˾ҽʦĻǲҪ˵ˣֻ¼ɭ
ͷһڴϣؿƽǸ˰˿ȻͷһŭߺߵصһҶΪ㵣ģ㵹ã˯øͷƵġ
ɯͿ׻࿴һۣסݸ
תͷ˿һȴͬʱǳ
ǰҶΪ㵣ģΪʲôأ
ԵĻҲѡ
ǵʶֵͼȻ޸漴㷢Լȫͼȫת·ֻһ˲ĹԭѾһɶ
ͼȴ˿ûͣļ
ѵҪҳ˸ô
ʵûô¡
һ˿պоΧԪ֮͸֫ӿ˽
ǰǼΰɸѶȸħʱһ
һΣԪ֮ӿڣȴֱ֫ϵ·ͼС
ղŻΪȱϢĵͼõ±֧Ԯٴ
ͼǰߵġͦٶ죬ЩԪֻ֮ͬ֫ԴԴϴԪ֮ӿ˽ȴûͣƬ̣ԴԴϴעͼ
ǰҵͨܵֻԳ롣
Уʶͼһ޸𽥱ԽԽ񶼸оҪǰ˲١
ǺֵǣȻʶѣȴȻû취Լ塣
ֵǣ۾˿κζ᲻κζĴжûˡ
Уζж⣬ĸоȻʧˣ
ŵ˵оԼĴˣ
ֵͼƺͨжȫ޸Լţ
йرյǼʹĵģȴһ洦ûС
Ԫ֮һһ飬ֲиسˢ壬ԼԪ֮ĸӦԽԽ
ڵԪ֮΢һ仯ܹӦ
ͨڵԪ֮иӦΧԪ֮
ǰĸħΪԼԪ֮ӦԵüΪȷ
ħĻ˵Լܹپȷü
ȻҲֻ롣
ͼ޸Ȼһһĳϵؽţٶȴʵż
ÿһͼڵԪ֮ҪԶԶħƤѥٶȵĲ̺Ԫ֮ͼǰ˵ȴȻһֻţŶ˵ţ㹧άˣһֻȳȵţһĥĥǰ
ðɣ׿ţûȵⲻ̸֮ٶʵĿԡ
ܹٶθħҲоԸҲЩܲˡ
ʱԼɴػȥһЩ
֪Լı䲻״ҲԼ˽õ²ͼȫ޸ϣҲû취ָʱĵʼѵʶԺЩѧĹڸħ֪ʶ
л㱣Ҳ֪˶ʱ䡣
Ժнеʮֲ฽ħϷĸϰʱȻо졣
ԭѾԪ֮˿̾Ȼɽ鱩㣬
ҪôѾͼ
Ȼͼ˿̼Ѿȫһӵ߽Ľ⣬طѾָ
һԪ֮һô
ͼôãѾ˿ˡ
ϣԪ֮ӿڣоһ⣬ͼҲ漴˼֡
Ƭ̺ɫâ
ɫ
ȻһԵĻ۾Լǲǿˡ
ħͼϻԵĹâֱ֣Ǻ졢ࡢƣȴûʲôɫ
ɫâͼ·ǧĽ㣬ڵ˲Ƭδ
Ƭֻֿ˲գ۵Ĺ򣬱Ѿˡ
Ƭ󼸶ͼһɫĹâ
·ħɹԼһ㣬âͼеӹһȦΪͼħһʱͼȴȻһȥ
֪ͱļһﲻһҲʲôֵڲͬɡЦ
Ȼ˹


97 
һ۾ӭͬȴΪĻ漴Ϥӡ
١ЦŴ˸кʱûжֻ¶һ򵥵Цݣоܳ
٣ͷɯɴ۾ɨ飬еʵôڸоô
ǰûоﲻԾһԵ˿ҲһУ
ֻп׻򶨣һЦôҾ˵ûµİɣǻš
ĿһһɨϵĹУԼƣ˹
һֱô
У˭һֱš˿ƲƲ죬Ϻһ졣ֻÿˡҪ˵һֱصĻɯɱҴʱ䳤ˡ
ɯȴ󷽵سϵҳ⣬ֻҪʱˣҪ˵ĻǿףһֱߣԷǴġ
״ֵذ˰֣˵ôϻ˵ڵ׸оΣøû˰
һЦ˶Ƚţطֳ˯̫ãЩ̫Ӧ⣬ȻûʲôӲĸо
ڿ׺ɯĲ´Ȼ˼Ȧ첲ȣ˵ͷܺãҾԼõúܡһ⡣
ʲô⣿˶ʱ
ָָԼĶӣ
˴˴漴Ц
ϻʮ죬˺һϡ⣬ʲôûԣȻˡȥһЩԵĶɯһۣת뿪ᡣ
ʮ죿һ
ȻϵԼԵʱ϶ܳȴҲû뵽Ȼʮ֮á
ɯţתһȦȻԼͳһ
𣿡˿ͿƵؿ
óʱûϰħˣϽҸо
˵ѹϹʲôϽϢȥһ£
ǰŸѹץʱָһ°ɡ˿Ҳ
ҡҡͷӰͳŸħֽ̯á
岻ָӵʱĵֻܲͣԴ︴ϰڸħ֪ʶ͡
ҪǲħηйһµĻܻԼ᲻
ѲҲ׼ú룬ָڸħֽϡ
ģ⸽ħҸо
һ
ףûӦ
һ
֣ûӵ
аԣȴûκڵ
˿ͿױһֱĶڼָֽͣϰû㲻Ҫħôôڷ
üͷҡҡͷص£۾
һӣͷһ
ԭŹ̶·˿̾ȻѾʧӰ٣
ȡ֮ģȴڸԪ֮
ЩԪ֮ķ򡭡
ģ
ǸͼȻ޸ˣȴȻһֱûιľް㲻ͣԪ֮
ЩɵԪ֮ͼϻһȦ󣬾Ȼ෴·˻ȥ
֮ͼǰԣȴԪ֮۳ҵĳأ
ǸħʦͨԪ֮תȴħʦֱܹԪ֮
£ôȥա
һ
Ժ
һָԪ֮Ӳ
ȴͱһ㣬ԭԪܴ֮Ӱ죬˲һ
ǡǡڡ
ۡ
һѪǰеؿ˿ϣϵȹһʺѪ
ôˣ
˿Ϳ״һæ˹
ȴ۾ȴѾղʱȡ
ӭ˹еĿ⣬³һ䡣
ҵʧˡ
һ̾һ۾
˰κ˿ǰԶɢϵĸħֽһЩħϣ¶һ˿Ц
Ѿӻ˯ѵ죬Ȼû취ָһ˿
Դǰһ⼸ʱһֱϵسŵÿһδŹ̶·Ԫ֮ɼصĺ
ȻһŵѪĵزҲѪӿңҪüСʱָ
˶ιҲֱӽԪ֮ǻÿһֻԪ֮ıйȡһԡ
ڽ˾ɥ
ʱµԪ֮Ƕ໹٣ǶյԪ֮ĳˢӰ죬ȫɢһɶûиκһԱתΪ
Щô飬Ҳ޷һ򵥵ĸħ
ڣģ⸽ħɡ
ѵԺ󶼻ᱣӣ
Ц
Ǹħʦĸûĸħʦ͵ûжĶʿûħħʦѾͨ졣
ʧȥҲʹʧȥΪħʦʸ
ֻʱԵʧȥǻ˵
ڵȴû취
Ҫһͨô
ȭסſһȭ
ûʱ
ԴڼСǸǸħʦӴħѾнӽʱ䡣
ΪܹչǮѧԺѧϰ˴ѵʱڸħоѧϰϣƽʱΪ˴ѧѣһֱСϵһͨƹ㹤
òײھƹϰİ´һѧѣ˳ͨ˷ѧԺħԺѧԣԳɹѧԺѧϰ
ӽһʱͬѧǵĳЦʳõʣʣûǮϵ»ͬѧٱʱģ⸽ħ˱˹Уɸħ
һеһУΪܹڸħʦ·ߵøԶ
ڣڱʷٷɭѧԺУǰ;ŹִۣǱˣпܾʹ˴ܴԱԼҲ
ĻǴǰΪŬȫ˰׷ѹ
οûеʱ


98 п˵Ҫ
֮ڻԭڸֵͼϡ
ţģһֱǰԼɸħͼӦڱɻԼħʦ֡
룬һ˫Ƥѥ
˫õƤѥѧԺһγɹĸħҲǸħƤѥٶȣͬʱһϽҵ
ûǱ˹У츳˫Ƥѥ
ǰԼûʱΪһЩħԼҸоа˫Ƥѥ˳
Ѻ۰߰ߵƤѥϷоƤѥϸŵԪ֮
Ρ¹ʡҲȫǻ
Ȼû취γǾԪ֮ڲϵڵĳˢԪ֮ĸӦҪǰ
ǰ˫Ƥѥϵĸħʱ̽⣬ȻûȴֻǰַȥһظܵƤѥÿһ˿ŵԪ֮
ڡܹظܳÿһԪ֮ǿȡԼԣ
˵ڿŵǰҪʹɨ裬ذͼÿߵƶϳ
ң׼ȷ
νʧ֮磬֮ɣôЦЦĳпĻ
ȻܹظоÿߵԣȴѰЩ׵ø߱ˣΪڴʱֻһָо
ϴܹƳ;貣ɨ裬ԼһħԶһ㸽ħʦϤ⣬Ҫ
ȻǶ̶ʱֻҪһֲϡһֲϵȳпʹĸħЧȫֱͬӸħʧܡ
ƤѥϷƤѥϸħĵεαȫĸӦ
һ˲䣬ָħ϶ʮߴĴ
ֻʮߵĸħƤѥٶ˵һθħȻ˶ĴܹħɹѾңĸħЧѾܳ׼Ͳܲ˵漣ˡ
Ҳѹ˹ʱ۲쵽ħ󣬻רѵ
ǰ֣˹ΪʲôԼɸħĽиħʵĻᡣ
ֱϴ˹˽ͣ¸Ӧһĸħȫ˹
ܲʲôħţӦÿЩ츳˰ɡ
룬ڸħľȷһ棬Ϊκˡ
һƤЬһ߻ӽһ˹﹤Ρ
뵽˹Ȼһֱ̱ëãʵȴڶϸҪʱ¶Цݡ
飡
ʱͻȻײ
ʱѣתͷȥȴһ˽
ɯɫͬǳѿ
ôˣȻʵ
ǷȺ쵰ŭһһЦݣ˿Ѿ˼Ťķŭ
ôнã뵽˽ȥ飬׹
ãļֱ͸ˣͻȻһӣղŷŻϵƤЬڵءǷǰһͺпǸһģ
ʲôʵ
⡭׺ɯһۣüЩɵشҪ
ϻнǺйصģܲô˷۾
ðɣ죬ȻסκȻͷ˵ɯɡ
üëԼ˲ôȻ˵˵ˡ
תɯصɯҰɣҲµõ
ɯԥƬ̣ڻıĿ°̾˿ˡ
Ͳµˣأ
塭Ϊ֤֤ûУԳǷظпıɱš
˵пǸһ²ô׷ŹҰɣ
㻹ǴɯЦп˾ָܸ棬ǷʤߣΪͼܸˣ϶Էһ壬ݿ˹طԼȨ汣³̣⳥¼п˵һоʧ
⳥ƨһһֱĬȻɯнĿһŭ𡣡ģƾʲôпǸɱû£Ҫ⳥ʲôƨʧ軹ô
ƾǹ壬ƾиǷ𳤵ϰ֡
ŭĿף˵ķӦȴҪƽöˡ
ΪǱʷٷɭѧԺеѧЩڷڴССҲǸˣ˷ֵǷꡣ
ֻһֱԣûָ֤ӱһֱ
ȵѣָ֤п˾ֺ󣬶ʱǡ
һ壬һͬͬѧпףͼɱ
˵ʵ˵п˹͵ϮѧԺħԺĴ󲿷ѧģΪ˶֪п֮Ĵġ
пĺΪֶԼһֱڼװûѧԺ飬ЩҲ˽֪
£п߳ŭҪһɫҲǺ顣
пûô׺ݣȻֱɱһ㵹ֵȶ
Ȼѧô룬ķչ𲻵κá
ڷǼ˵Ĺע£Ƿӡ
ǽķչȴһ־硣
ظп˵ĵڶ죬ԭڳǷ֤ǱϵذףȻˣ
ͨذ׽еĻпܻ鵽пȥһʧ֤ûˡ
֤⣬ָп˹Ϯ֤Ҳ͵ϮһʿǷԴ˵ĻӦȴû취ṩ޴׷飡
ǳǷп˵鱻ͱȫΪ֮䶯ѧԺѧǸȺ鼤ߣҪȥΧǷ
ڷѧԺʦǵļ֯£ѧǵжûгɹ
֤֤ʧпȴṩ˶ʮ֤ͬʱ֤ڷľ¥һͣʱȥס
ͬʱп˻ṩױǩġľ¥վݡ
վǩѺ޷죬κٵĺۼ
һ˫֤ݷ֮Ȼö˵
пҪ⳥ʲôʵ˵վȻЦЦӦûҪ⳥ҰɣҿûǮ
׺ɯͬʱɫŹһɯŴпΡùȨΪܸӦõһûκ⳥Ҫ󡣡
ʲôҪ󣿡ʵ
ӿ׺ɯɫҪֻ²ô򵥡


99 
һҪ뿪ǣԺ󶼲
ߣСӵǴú̡ûʾһһ֪ȡ֮ĶԼ̫ˡҪ뿪ǵĻͲõĺ棬ҪжԼˡ
ŶɴҪԺԶԶĲͺˣϲɴһ˿
̫ͬˣڸ߱㡣
ѵԺһӶ뿪ôҪڱĵطô죿
Ҫ˵ڱĵطܲˣĵطô֪֮Ĵġ˵Ļôֵ̯
ҲôʼôڶҪأ
ڶҪ󡭡˵һҪʱɯƽ˵ڶҪ󣬾һʵŮ̲סҧгݡп쵰ȻҪԶȥμӸħʦĿˡ
ţüë
Ҫէʵ޻
μӸħʦĿˣϿֻǸħʦ֤Լˮƽһʽѡ
ʵϣΪħʦȨԼħʦῼ˹ϵĸѶȣܹͨħʦῼ˵ĸħʦͨҪûͨ˵ĸħʦӵöࡣ
ͬʱͨ˸ħʦĿˣҲͨ˸ħʦʸ֤ΪܵħʦϣڹעʽħʦܸħʦṩһбͷԼܵħʦıϡ
Ϊħʦ½ϵҪλЩһħʦԱԵüΪҪ
ҲǼеĸħʦϣܹͨħʦĿ˵ԭ
пҪȻûʲôϸһĻȴڶϾǰ;
ͬˮƽĸħʦһͨ˸ħʦĿˣһûͨôܵĴǽȻͬġ
ͨ˵Ĺעḽħʦκʱ򶼻Ҫħ˵ĵһѡ񣬶ֻʵҲעḽħʦ£ŻῼǷעḽħʦ
עḽħʦʵˮƽעḽħʦߣһҲı䡣
ΪһУڸħʦȨ
ַѧԺһ꼶ѧˮƽΪ֪ħʦ;ȳΪħʦϵʽһħʦȻˮƽߣٲμӸ߼Ŀˡ
һ˳ĻΪʽħʦʱ򣬾ͻڸħʦ£ΪС֪ȵĸħʦ
һ˵ʱͻвٵṩ£
ħʦԸĻͻЩĸԴİ£ӷԼˮƽ
ܲܳΪļħʦ弶ħʦҫ۵ҶħʦǾҪ˵Ŭ֡
㲻ԸĳͬƾעħʦݽӵĸħԴƾ׬ȡĽǮ
Ŭ͹ֵĻһǰ;
Ƚδͨħʦʸ֤ĸħʦҪǲΡ
ħʦʸ֤ͨˣжߵˮƽ
ڸħԣͼħ֮𲢲һħʦҲû
Ǵħϣ߼ħɹˣЧп֮
ŸħѶȵ󣬸ħʦѾеĸħԴħʦרһϵֻרħѡ
ͬʱͼи߼ħװȻҲ󣬲һװøħʦʵ飬Ϊ˻õĸħЧͨѡħΪͨĸħʦ
һ˭ֻȥħʦĿ˶ͨĸħʦ
עḽħʦˮƽߣûиħʦĴ¼֤˭š
ڸħʦὨڣһЩעḽħʦо޴ܵ׷
ڸħʦὨĽ죬ħʦǿԼȫ½ϵˣڸħʱ뵽ģֻעḽħʦ
ȫ½ʮĸħʦѧϰħĵһ𣬾˵ĿУһĿͨħʦĿˣΪʽעḽħʦ
⣬Ѿͬڳɹ㡣
ȻħʦĿѶȼߣÿͨ˵Ľֻвμӿʮ֮һ
ûͨ˵ģ붼ѡȴٿ
½Ϊֹļ¼һĸħʦġ
˵ʮ꿪ʼÿ궼μӸħʦĿˣֱʮųɹͨʱʮꡣ
ȻıϾħʦ궼û취ͨ˺ֻεѡ˷ѡְҵ
ԷѧԺħԺΪȻĿǰĸͼнӽһǧѧܹͨ˵ģֻһ
ɴܽ˵Ŀǰ½ϣһħʦҪͷأΪ½֪ĸħʦҪģͨħʦĿˡ
ͨôûκǰ;ԡ
пȴԺ󶼲μӸħʦĿˡĲν񶾡
Ƕʼ㣡׺޺޵صˮƽͨħʦĿǸ׾٣ȴҪ󣬸ֱӻ㣡
ңһЦп֪ڵô
׺ɯһۣЩȷشӦ֪ɣϾڵѧԺ֪ˡ


100 ѧ
Ѻֻ죬ѾʧȥԼû취Ϣ㲻֪ô˳ȥ
Ϣͬˡ
˭ǿǺͷѧԺʮɫķ˹һܹʷٷɭѧԺеѧ
ȴûˣ
Ƕţ̽ԽԽ࣬ûпϢҲ𽥱˽ܡ
漴ʣȴӦô죿
ʧȥҲû취Ҳû취ɸħ
ɸħȻǸħʦ
ѵѵõĸħţֻڶ̶ʱҫһ£ͬǰ㻮պʧô
е뷨ܶ˺̬ȴ÷ǳ
ʧȥϢδʱѧԺ߲Ƕ׷ΪһڻϢ󣬷ѧԺԴҲûзκֹ˼ߵѧΧǷж
ͷѧԺ̬ͬȵģиħʦῲ˹ֻᡣ
ʱΪûеȵֱѰҵĶ˹һʱοʣͬʱԸħʦʾ˶Դµйעϣϲ֡
Ϣ󣬶˹ҲûħʦҲֻǲʹط˼ѡ
˷ѧԺͿ˹ֻ⣬׶С̻ᣬԴҲʾעй¶ҲͬϢġ
ΨһеοģֻҶЭˡ
½һ֯ʼն֧̬ȡ
ֻҶЭڷǵʵ̫СǶֲ֧û𵽶ðˡ
Ȼп֪ڵȴҪ󡭡ЦЦ·пҪ󲢲⡣濴ҡ˶Ҿô군ˣȴΪһָ
ޣСӸֱӶϾĺ·òãŭЩɻ󣺡ô񻹺ܸˣǲǱ⼸ñɵˣ
˷ۣ̽׼Լͷ֣ʼܴͦģôȥʲôܽܵġ˵һӦøлпأϾĿǰΨһһΪһϣ»ָļһֻһ²ġ
ʲôģ׺ɯȻ
˿׺ɯһۣתͷ⡣
ʱʱ֣ѧԺ󲿷ַԺĿθպ꣬СϣǸո¿Σ׼ҵط͵ѧò֡
˰Σ
һ̾һתͷ
Ҿѧ
վڴǰŴķ羰һ㣬һ
ѾСʱˡ
ղ׺ɯ˵ѧľʱ⵽ǿҵķԡ
ѧˣпǸˣľ׷·Ǳ˲һţֱӱùпǸҪҪϣ㲻ӦҲû취ġ
ҲӦĻѵȥһôһ仰Ͱѿ׶˻ȥ
пǸһҪǾ˼ǵġ
ҪȲ·ȴҲʵ񶾣޷֮ء
ڲǳǰЩǸѧĻôȫЩҪǷҲд
ΪԼļֵŻкܶ⡣
ʧȥЩ˵Ȼʧȥ˼ֵûбǮȥпּۻۡ
п˵ҪǡǡûеҪƴĵز˽ܣѡ
˵ˣڵʲôôЦָָԼ
׺ɯôʡͲԸ⣬վҲֻܽʵ
뿪һֱŴ⣬ûа
˽ӽһĵطҲΪɵĵط
ΪԼͨѧϰ㲻ܳΪǿ֪ĸħʦҲͨħʦĿˣΪһעḽħʦһԼԼͥҲøÿɽҲĸÿźڲܴؼҡ
ԼֻҪܹͨˣܹȶȥ룬ѸĸӵסҲһ³﷽
һСˡ
ڵԪ֮ȻϢȴ·ҴҵĹһ㣬ˣȻûκζˡ
ҲҪһ˷ѧԺȴͬκζҪ뿪
ĲĵĴ˿Ѿ壬Ϊı䲻Ѿ˵ʵ
ʵûп˵ҪҲ׼뿪ѧԺ뿪ǡ
ôˣڵûб仯һֱ˷ʱ䡣
Ĳ˵ڲܿħʦ򹤣ҲûκξԴʣµǮ֧ȥ
Ȼ뿪ѧԺ˾Ǳпǿ뿪Щӡ
Ͳ߱ĵġ
ʵϣȻ׺ɯп˵Ҫ󼫶ȷŭԼҪѾ㹻ˡ
뿪Ҫ˵ÿ׺ɯеŭĵڶҪ󡪡ԶμӸħʦĿˣҲжôء
һرҰĵˡ
ŬѧϰħҪĿĻϣܹŸħʦüˣڼȻѾΪħʦôһûʲôӰ졣
һˣܹΪħʦô㲻μӸħʦĿˣɲעḽħʦһܹƾԼĸħˮƽһƬա
ħĿΪͨħװôû˻ܾõĸħЧ
ŵ㣬ǡǡܹͨΪȷĸħõĸħЧ
ƾŵ㣬ֻҪлᣬԼһὥ
ɲȫ½֪ĸħʦֻҪܹ㹻룬ˡ
ȻһˣһҲǱҪġ
Ǿǣп˸ӦеĴۣ
뵽۾΢΢
۽ǺȻһɫƮһԭΪп˶ɫ˲ůЦݡ
˿ð


101 
ûж
ЦЦٴκˣ˿ȻˣʲôѵڵӺܿô
Ҷɳɳ죬ȴûлӦ
̾˿ֵɣϾҪ뿪ˣԺܾҲˡ
䣬һô׳ɺӰһ˿Юһ˲ɵǰ
ӦпǸһҪ󣿡˿ԲԲĴ۾Ȼʵ
ǰ׺ɯûôʵ
˿ֳһ˿ɫµشҲ˼ȥǡ
Ϊʲô˼Ȼ
˿һۣɫأվȻͷǲֱĿһ㣬һųɵؿڵûæ㡭㲻Ұɣ
һ㶣漴Ӧ
пӸտʼʱ˿СظͿסɯǰ֤һ˵ԼĸװģǷġ
ȷԴ±ʾ˹ע͸¶һЩ֧ǺЩʧˡ
оȫ
˿֮ԻЩžΪɡ
뵽̲סЦЦ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ԸңҾͺܸˣĽΣͲܹƵˡ
ǡǡ˿ҧҪ޳һ㡣Ҹ
˿Ҫ㸸׺ôĻʵ㸸׸տʼܹұʾ֧֣ҾͺܸмˡĽ㸸ǳȴҲкܶѴģһҪҪΪô
ºͶϿҵ˿Ż̧ͷ۽ѾЩۡ
ĲңҲҸף
Ȼ֣ΪʲôҪ֣һЦ˿֣˵ɣƮڴ棬ҪǱ˿ˣ»ΪŮ͵ء
˿һЦصһۣƮ¡
翲׺ɯʱһ֣Ϊʲôûкһʲôءʾ˿ڵ£Ȼ˱裬ԼҲڴã벻ȴΪ鲻˼ңǣ˿ҷŮӻ֣ʱҲ̫˰ɡ
ҲŲ̫ءֻǡֻǾò˼ˡ
ʲô˼ģô˶٣͵һ֡ˣҪ˵ˣҶٹҪ뿪ˣûʱˣҪ˵Щɨ˵Ļʲô
˿ü΢ǵģӦп˵ҪԺô죿
Ҳ֪ʼ硣ӦȻؼҰɡһֱû취Ļƾͻڼ︽ҸȻƽƽعӰɡ
˿ĵȴҲܹеĲʡ
룬˿˻Сȭͷɫģ϶һģˣǷѧԺţԺһΪҶħʦģ
ϣ˵΢΢һЦҼȻӦп˵ҪԺ󶼲ȥμӸħʦĿˣָˣҲܳΪҶħʦ
˿ɫһ޺޵صп쵰ţһ㱨ģ
˿ô浥СҪΪԼ̲סЦ
ǲҪˣҪҲֱĻҿɲˡ
ǺãʱҾͰȻ󶪵ǰ㴦úˡ
ðӦô˿˵տأ
㵱˰˵쵰϶óԵġ
ôô

˺Ȼͣ˸߲ҵۣ࿴һۣЦ
Цգ˿һȻ̾Ϣһʵ֮ǰԥҪҪڼȻҲҪ뿪ˣҾͲԥˡ
𣿡һҺôôˣ
ʵǰĸ״˾Ѿϵŵ۹õħѧԺתѧԺѧϰǰЩҲͨѧԺĿˣĸ״˾һֱڴҶһֱ¶˾ĵģȻҲҪˣҲûʲô˼ҾһߣҲѧԺȥ
ˣп׺ɯǲҲĺô
ǡ˿΢΢һ죬漴û档
棿ʱȻԼʲôʱȻҲܵõ桱ˡðɣȻˣҵȻֻ֧֡šȻŵ۹õħѧԺѧԺ½ɣ
ţȻʷٷɭѧԺڸħʦѧԺôѧԺҲǴ½õļħѧԺ֮һ
Ǿͺã˿ǸħţӦȥõħѧԺʱΪħʦһҪǵŶȤ
û⡣˿Сظ״ʱֻҪҵ֣֤û˸Ҷ㡣
˶һۣٴ̲סЦ
ȵЦЪ˿濴ӣ·Ҫӡ
һվߵǰһ£˫ۡ
ҡ
һؿ˿
Ҫ󣬿ʵ̫ˡ
˿㡭
˿ͺһ͸˵ƻȴȻǿ۾ֱֱĸ첲΢΢ȴҲִŵûջء
˶΢΢ͷҲվԥһ£첲
ʵ˿ˮǴΣԶҪܵöĽӴֻǴžˣȥЩ
˿ȻиоʱȴΪˮиеţЩԺġ
ѵ״̬£һӵ˿˵ǵһΡ
ǴС鲼¡׸ᣬԴʮԺ˿û
ôˣ˿ԼҲ֪𰸡
·յؿڣоؿڴ˿ֻԼҪϴһԺ
Ҳ˿϶١
ôǵһκŮôܵĽӴ
˿ϴĵŮ㣬ֻѪӿڵֱҪȥЩԪ֮ĺҪء
˫Ȼ˿ȴֻ˿ͷơ
˵ӶЩӲ˿һ仰ȴͬʱ
һμ㣬֪ʲôʱأ
˵仰˿ͬʱ뵽ԺټѶȣһ̾㶼飬ӵһ¡
һΣȴûκ컵뷨
лᣬһȥѧԺġ
ţʱҲȥģʱɲҪдŶ
ͬʱЦɿַſԷ
һ˿ϵĺβŽȥ˿ҾͲˣߵʱҲ㣬ΪҲ뾭ĳ棬̫ġ㲻Ұɣ
ôᣬʵ㲻뾭ֳ棬Ҳ룬ǿСƤĻҶ͡
԰߿
˿΢΢һЦؿһۣƮ
ټ
ӻֺ˿һ¶˾İ㣬תͷһɳڣ˲ѾʧԶʵա
˿ʧķֻ˼ǧþò


102 ˳
ΪͬʱѧʷٷɭѧԺѡУȻ½϶Ŀ˹ѧԺħԺһδһϢ˵Ŀ⡣
أѧˣ
Ϣһ˶Ϊ֮𾪡
ÿһעһκͷѧԺйϢ˶֪صѧǱˣʷٷɭѧԺѧһ
һۿҪʷٷɭѧԺǰ;ԶѧȻʱѡѧ
ǻΪֻΪҪȥʷٷɭѧԺıҪѣϸһ룬ĻֺαרŷϢ
οڻûеʷٷɭѧԺʱ򣬷ѧԺô÷ʱ˵ôѧ
˴֪ԭѧȻġ
Ϊʲô𰸸Ӿˡ
ѧȻΪĳԭû취βѡѧ
ʼǻţϢȴ˷ѧԺȷϣɲǲš
֮࣬ʾ̾ϧ
һǰ;ţȻôҪʱ״ʵΪ֮
ѵνӢţ
һЩϢͨʿͬʱˣѧʵһͬͬѧйء
ھô£Ҫ˵ǣǷڣҲͬŪ
֪ʿҲѡ˼ڲԡ
ѧķ粨ÿ죬ȥȴҲͬܿ졣
ֻǼֱ˲෹ʧˡ
Ͼ½֪ĳＸǧʷϣֹʤ
ôŵǲţ߸ɴʧҲᱻ˲
οأһʷٷɭѧԺеѧˡ
ʮȥѾʱŵ۹ʡ׸˳Ÿһгӻʻ
гʮʮǰףٵҪռһȥ
֮ʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ۣô̶ӣļҴеģ
ǰûУӦ׶е̶ӡ
ԭ׶Уѹֻô̶ӡϴμ¡е̶һΪˣǺһȣǿɾͲԶˡ
ϻ˼׶пǴ½ǰĴУ¡ʲô

ΧȺ˽ﲢû谭ǰĲܿ죬һѾſڡ
ƿһ߸ݵеĸݸ
м䣬׹â͸ȻǼżöҡ
ʿ飬ĵЦЦڳ׶еıɨһۣҲ飬ֱһӣ˹ȥ
Χ˿⸱ΣȴҲûвֻҡͷ̾Ϣоǲһ
Ҫ߽ʱƿ¶һӡ
̧ͷһ³ϡˡ֣¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ѿˣô˵˳Ļֻòܵ˹ٳˡҪǼ˿᲻һأ
ˣȻˡ
ʮǰѾʰð׼Ϳסɯ뿪ѧԺʱԴһöûгֵ˹Ȼð˳
û֣һ־ʹһ˷ܵϢ
ûлָĿܡ˹˵仰ʱ򣬲һԵĿ׺ɯҲΪ˷ܡ
˹ȴֵҪ˵̫磬ֻ˵пܡ
漴˹һѶоԷԷ˵ԡ
˹ϣܹȥλѣܲæ취ָ
ȻתȻҪס
֪˹˵ѾȻʷٷɭѧԺԼ˿һŵ۹׶˹ٳʱڸ̾ͬʱȴҲЩѡ
ӷǵ˹ٳҪԽС·;ܼǧ๫׿·пϵΣղ˵·Ҳܹܵġ
ǡôʱŵҵᡣ
ĿģΪűĸħʦԼͼ͸ħʽת
˵Ҫȥ˹ٳǺ󣬱ʾ׶֯һֻӷǵ˹ٳǵ̶ӣ̶ӳ˻֮⣬Ҳ˳һЩˣ̶ֻһˡ
ڷá
׶еVIPַѵġ
ŵЦݿ˵仰г̱㶨
ȵ׶е̶ӳһ·Ѿ˹ٳǲԶ˳ǣȻЩʵĸо
ΪԼȻڼʷٷɭѧԺʱ״ѾڿȴЩתõļ
ÿ뵽ЩԼ˹ǸѣȻָĸһЩ
٣Уһ˳Ƕѣʲôÿġ
ǣϽ´˿ǺһҲƽ׶ˡ
Ȼʱĺۿۡ
´ĬȻת
ųһѣ÷·ȥμһӣа̾һ
ԼܵȻתãС棬ȴȻ൱ò


103 
Сӣ̶ӾͿ˹ڵʱ복ӵģһᣬһпŦƶ
һŶǰһǶõѧԺиħԺѧҲһ꼶
Ҳ֪ɺϻǳܴⰲŵģ֮һ복ӣֱ
·϶ͬ飬һѧϰħѧʱʱԻཻһ¡
˭֪˸һϳɨһϵװ磬¶Եıɫ
ɫǿöġ
ûг֮ǰѧԺ󲿷ѧʱɫ
һʱ˺˽뷨
˭֪ǣһȴǾ·;һ㣬ò
䳰ȷڷѧԺˣȻʲôʾ
һ˺۸ȻǱ䱾޼ɵ
ʲôֻسԷ˯ⲻܵǵһ䡣
ÿһҲûһ㣬Դ޶ԡ
һҲ⡣
ˡСûСӡķֻ̣̾˿ϱûаֱ仯ʼʰ
̶Ԥг̣Ӧû˳Ǵ졣
һЩҪĲ⣬һЩ׻
̶ӽڣ׶˷дͣȣֱץŰ˳
Ȼһķ̲⣬ȴϲЩ
ֱĻ
أæˣڽе乤ĳܴ߹Цк
š˵ͷԸ°·ذһ»
θ׶е̶һ·Ȼŵ˵ΪVIPѣȴЩⲻȥÿһطӽʱһЩܼ顣
Ȼ֣ϾŵԴˣһ˽¸߹еVIPһ·Ҫúд
ÿζҪֲæκҲȥˡ
ʵݣһֱЩɡ
Ȼŵ׶зǷģ׶еVIPôҲӦǸ
ۿЩˡ
Ҫ˵ôᣬ͹⿴ϴǼǳͨģҪϴ׵ľ·ҲжϳʲôǮҵĺӡ
ԭΪӦЩʲôرĵطŻᱻ̻ӣһ·û¶κر֮ÿζﳵӸЩ
̫ˡ
Щʲôı죬Ҳ뵽ɡ
ұӿ׳ȻйӶЩ˹
⣬ҪȻʱ
ټЩʱޱ̹Ȼı飬ǴΪЩ˹һԱ
ܿ죬㱻ȫȷѾûʲôԼ԰æĵطٴǰ
壬˳Ϥô
ţҾһߣϤɣô
ģ˵̶Ӧû˳Ǵ죬ʱڳһЩ̹֪ҵô
Ҷ̹ȻΪʲô
ϵǮˣ취׬һĻڵ˹ٳ֮ǰ͵öˡЦ
ȻؿȻЦȴһҲûֻԼӿ͸ǰˡ
һ͵ˣӵʱ
ûǮ˵ݵ飬ܶ˾ڴûǮȴϵġ
ûаɵ˵˳һ̹Ȼصô˵ѯʸõȥҶ̹
̫Ծˡ
壿Ȼʼ̲סһ¡
룬ڵĶ̹ɣȥð߹ῴ˽ܸðί֮⣬ͬʱܸίУӦûкĹھص㣬ȥһʾ֪ˡ
õģлл塣
ƺתҪߣæֽס
أ⼸ס
ǰʮ·;Уÿ϶Լ˯
ǰʮ̶ӴûһطôãԳż·еʱ򣬻һЩ˳ȥҹ⣬˶ϵģҲûʲôϡ档
̶ӶѾ׶˳ǷУȫ˱ϣȻСϡ
ղſ˵ٲ̹Է⣬һû׬ǮĻôִȹʱ䡣
룬ϵǮӦû㹻һұ˵õһģ죬ҪˡҲ̹Ļʼ磬ȻɡǾֻ˯ֱˡ
˯ֱߣЦˡ
ιأȥҪ߱Ǻͬһģǿɲ뱻֪Լһ˺ͬһ
ͿŦƶ˿׼뿪УҵطҹĻشɵسЦ
˵ĻǰһûаӦȴ΢ɲüͷ
ںܺڰһﰲŵϣΪ˷һ·;µ˭֪һᷳһ·ܾ˳Ц
һ·϶ûȻֳ֮ʲô飬VIPݣͶĻ̶Ҳý
̵ʱһҪһֿƳһۣ˾ġ
תأɣķи̶׼һЩ䣬ܣԶռһ䡣ͷӵĻϵҵķҼһ
֮Իô˵˾ôĹ۲󣬾Ʒܲ⣬ΪVIPݡ
ô춼ûп⣬׶еVIPݾֵܹͨģԺõĹϵҲȻõġ
ΪȻڲԣ϶Ӧģ˭֪Ƭ̣ȻҡҡͷǲˣһԼ취ġ壬ûǴĻ̶ɣҵʱǰϻġ
˵˰֣ż򵥵ı뿪׶С
ͿŦƶĶһ
Сӻװʲôߣ±Цô
ٺ٣ҲãţС˯ڽֱߵǸǱҲá
ţû
ƳһۣͬˣôСƷôࡣ
ͬʱЩ֣һֻǺһϴ˲ʮ죬ôʲôһ㣿
ȴ֪ÿζ䳰ȷȴòӦÿοǵ쳣ƽȫһ㡣
ǡǡƽķӦ˾ǲǷ
һδλȻԽԽ
תͷʧķӹһ˿͡
ΪСһģŻСӵĳЦκλӦأԭԼļ֡
֮ԲӦЩЦǲңֻ¡ǲмɡ


104 ŵʦ
ð߹ĵصȻң˸һ£ܿҵ˵ط
˳ǲΪŵ۹ʡ׸½ҲŵϺŵĴУð߹ᶼҪȷǴö࣬Ҳֵöࡣ
û߽ܿð߹ʮ׵Ĵ˽߽ţӵȺһ
Ȼнӽʮ׳ʮ׿ȴȫվˣŵĵطҡ
ǸССð߹ᣬﲻشʩҲȫöࡣ
ڴ̨Ϸһ鳬Ĺ⻬ǽڣǽһƮȫǹڽίϢ
ôħͶӰûǮ
ؿһȻ󼷵߽ǵһ̨Ŷӡ
ʮӺʹͳʮöҽ̨ķԱһšðʸ롷
ݲӣҪΪðߵԼһЩϣȵȣҪһس
һΪðߵ˿ԼسΣ綷ʿħʦһ㶼ԼĶʿħʦȼȻóһĹħʦݲͬϵвͬس
ڣͨһħע
ҪǷð߹¼¼ԱίܹԽίеð
ҲһЩί˻ԼرɸѡһЩʵð
ÿһʱ䣬ð߶ǮԼϡ˶ʿħʦȼ֮ࡣ
ȻϺʵԲܵĴ
۳ð߻ֱ֣ӿð߹ᣬ롣
سһʱԥ˸ħȻں˸ţע϶£ȴûȷ˵
ģע͵ȻίУڸû취ɸħȴֶһħΪϤҾЩϵרоԶħĲϡͼ͸ħʽѾġ
ð߹ʵҲľ
ȻΪп˵ҪԺܲμӸħʦĿˣôҪڸħһֻܼϣͨð߹ȫ½֯ˡ
ԺðߵȼܹߵSôûעḽħʦݣҲһв˿ħ
ȻЩĿǰ˵ңԶ
񣬽Աһðֲᡣ
ֲһFڵðߵȼ
˷ðֲĽܺðνԼñ˴µ˽⣬漴ٴ̧ͷһǽϵħͶӰָʾұߡ
иħͶӰƣʹϷǿ޴ͶӰֻͬʾίСҲǲҪֵ֧ίС
ĿʱµĶ̹Ծʮӵɸѡȷίкʺ
׼ίеıţȻȥ̨ʱͶӰϺȻһίУʱĿ⡣
ʱļһħʦѧͽҪһħϤܹɲȹÿ칤ʱϰ˵㵽ϰ˵㣬Ͱ㣬ÿʮöҡ
˼򵥵˵⣬һע
Ҫίкڲ뿪סίза
һϲΪ
ȻÿҪʮСʱȴֻʮöʵ˵˵ȴûĸˡ
ڱ˵ܻ⣬˵ȴˡ
ڲ뿪⣬ס԰ʡǮֶΪ
ţڿ˵ַʱһ¡
Ӫ
ȻǾӪ
Ҳû룬ȻҪӣǾӪҲûʲô
¼̨߽ð߹Ὺֱ֤뿪ð߹ᣬֱ
ڳӪǿɱð߹ỹҪҡ
˳ź󣬸ҪѯʣܿһЩװڵ·ػأǵ·һ·˴ԼԶԶؾͿһƬľӪ
ڳʾð߹֤ԼԼðֲ˳ؽ˾Ӫ
ȻھһϲͨȴȻóӪʿƺڽнŵĲҲ࣬ƺҪӭʲôҪһ㡣
ѵҪ̣
롣
ŵ۹½ǿĹң½ܹвȻģ˵ûС
ŵ۹ԴʮǰһҺε۹ʵ۶ԹƵüϸ񣬸ûзκҵĿԡ
˵Ҫ̵Ļôһð߹֤ܽ
һߺ˼룬һ߸һʿھӪƣһǰ
ŵʦ˽ð߹ίˡ
ʿĸߺһͷ׷ɫۣгʮ˴˳
㣿ŵʦɨһۣ¶ԵĲΡ
ؿڵı־Ӧܵħʦϵעḽħʦҵذð߹Ὺ֤ĵ˹ȥ
ŵʦ˷֤ȻСӣңħؼסҪļֲϣԵķǶ٣
ԣڿУˮƽ


105 
붼û룬ֱӴɳʯĩʮˣȹǷĩʮˣзƾʮˣʮľһ
ŵʦ˵ͷֵħȼסɡ
֭ʮˣҶ«έ塭

ŵʦһħϵ⣬ȫڵһʱһֲػش
ҽɡŵʦص˵ͷ֣תȥ
Źȥһ߽񣬶ʱĹâλۡ
۾ӦڵĻ֮һ
޴ڲռð߹Ҫ󣬶޴ĿռȴֳμƬÿƬ˿̶ħʦͬʱװϽŸħ
⻹ǳǰڷѧԺʱɸħԺ֯ȫԺѧ⣬ĸħ
ǡһ£ָָЩħʦȻʵ
£ʵĲҪʡŵʦͺһ߽һѶѵĲǰȻݸһ嵥Сɵĸħ棬ĹǸĲϣȻ͹ȥǳûвõô
ӹ嵥ɨһۣͷʾס
ݹİոձ˹ѡаæʱΪûռħĹǰ˹вȡ
ʱȣҪͬʱʮˣѶȻͬն
ŵʦҲģһֱԱ߿š
ǽ˼Ӻͽס˫ۡ
СԵĿյزټϸħһϱụӰ죬һ͹ȥĲϣֻÿһֹȥ
СÿСеĸħͬҲʹÿӶҪ½һβȡһոĶֻܱӲңȻϤһֶ
ŵʦȴ֣ǽһֲϵĲȣĶޱɴ࣬ûΪһθѡЩ϶ɹ
ŵʦеԾģȲϵʱ򣬾Ȼ߶ã
ÿѷŵĲǰǹģֱһץҺ֮ģñ׼ҨһҨ¹򣬼ݲϱһһȡ
ŵʦСӸں֣ȻħȶҪûôϸΪħʦڵƲϵʱȻȻذѲеԪ֮ϾԽ׼ħʦڽеƵʱͻӦؼôһ㡣
ò߳󣬾ȻȵĲȫϸ
ҲãҺҲգȻһҲ࣬һҲ٣
⡭漣
ŵʦԴӽӴħѾʮ꣬Ҳֻħʦܹһ㡣
ЩħʦǣһǾʱεĸħʵ󣬲ܴﵽԲĵľ硣
ǰСӡʮô
ŵʦ𾪵ش²ǲܹرѵʱȻͣ˶
ôʲôأŵʦƵʵץʱɻĻһǿûˡ
תͷŵʦһ£ָָԼ׼ץȡһѲϵŵʦѲϡ²аɣ
Уŵʦһ㶣˳ָķȥ
һɹɺ޶꣬Ǹħ硪Ĳ֮һ
ŵʦһûʲôüڰ֣ûʲô⣬㻹ǸϽɡ
ֿǶѲһֹۣ
ʮӺ󣬿ĶȲϵЧߣɵع鸽ħʦŵʦ
ҲûһֱȲϣ룬һɻתʼѲ鸽ħʦĹȡ
ɸħ硪ǸСԱʱȵط֣СĹЧʾȻûߡ
͸ղŲͬרȲϺ󣬸С鲻ȱϹɸħЧѾ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬СȴȻŲߵЧʡ
ŵʦֵؼһ£еԭίȴСʱĸħʧʴˡ
и֣˵쿪ʼħʱ䲢ûеΪ½¸ħʧߵʱŶԡ
ϸѯʺԼ飬ŵʦ֪ΪʲôСʧˡ
ǵĲϡ
СڵļħʦǲѲŪˣŵʦȴ֪ô¡
ڷڼԱߵĲû⣬Կ϶Ĵ
ŵʦһһݲϣȥ
ڼ鵽޶ʱŵʦɫһ䡣
ˣ
޶еԪ֮жϣոħʦ䲼ĲϵȼԻᱻΪƷ
ȻʲϸǣŵʦǸֺľ٣ѹһ䡣
ղķӦתͷȥڲ϶ǰæµ
Լͨ۲²ŷ޶еԪ֮ϱ׼ǸС˸ȲϵĹУηһأ


106 ʵ޶
ĹСʱŵʦȻʾֹͣ
תۼ䣬ϱ㱻鸽ħʦ꣬ǷԱûвϺ׹Ϣʱ䵽ˡ
ʮһ𳤳һе˿˼˸
Сʱ۾ĸħǵľѾΪƣŵʦ´Ϣָʾǡô
ȻȻħСʱЩȫһħڳʮħʦУͼҲǶħʦĶ˵
һȺ˻Χԭػģ߶ץʱɡ
ȴһӦòʮĸħʦߡ
٣ֱ֣ӳƺʲô֣ĸħʦǳ飬ҽܡ
ϲõЦݣ˺ͿЩ񣬶Ը
뵽ףԭȻıһ˿Цݣ˵ͷӦãҽء
أôô죿üһû뵽㲻ȥ롣´һ£ȻЦһļϣ٣СȲôҶ磬ʵңǲǾرѵģ
УС˼ֱֻ˵ĨǵĸʲôûشԱһͬĸħʦѾЦ
ǣǲǾÿرţ㲻ҲһԼʮĸħʦҲЦ
˵ĻĸħʦҲв
ȴûκβ˼ı飬ͷȺһۣƺߵһﶮʲộҪʲôرѵϽ̸ңʱǾͼȥɡ
С
˲˵ֵתͷʵôǲرѵûʲô÷̽ң
סЦЦ
Ӹղ˵ķӦӦúܻӭ֤Ӧò
⡭ڿЦ
Բϵȿһ׵Ĳ߰æĸħʦרȥѵַ
˵ѡѵʲôãħʦĸվڸħϡ
ûСֻǰ˴ֵĴȽ϶ˡ
ŶһɬӣֻȻ
ôͣӦֻǴڸħѧԺѧϰĽ׶Ρ
ĸħʦ֣ѧ˵Ҳ߸ħʵһ÷
˵лл㰡ҪĻǵЧʿɾҪͺܶˣείܲɿɾ˵ˡֵ
ҡҡͷȲô򵥵ĹҲҲбġ
ǿδأļһûôߵЧʣܹһ֧ôͬʱиħ˵ǲǰŵʦһ仰ȴתһԳ˼ŵʦ
ţŵʦпǸղŵ⣬˿ֺȻѻתԼϣһ£Ŵţ˵òұԤƿҪļæȲϣû뵽Чôߣʡȥˡ
ƺǾøôԶ˵Щףŵʦɴ߽ǰƬ̣ɣ춼ܱôߵЧʣ˫ͣ㿴ô
һȴ֮ϲˡ
ȻΪԭЧ½󲻽û취õ˫ͣһҶ㣬ôô
ŵʦ˻һħʦҲסˡ
ûģŵʦѾ
һĿϣȴһȻ飬ֻӦá
ܺãŵʦƺź⣬˵ͷԥһ£óղ̸޶ꡣأܸܲңô޶Ʒģ
ŵʦҲǸħ硪ǸСħʦʵģǽֻڵƲϵʱоһЩףȴûʱ顣
޶ϣŵʦרһϼȥŷֵġ
Щ˶ûܷ֣ղŵϵĹôæµôֵģ
Щԥòʵش
ʵղ޶һ˲䣬Ѿ⡣
ܹ֮һ㣬ΪԪ֮ϵġˢڶԪ֮ĳǿӦ
޶һ˲䣬ܹоĳЩ޶̺Ԫ֮ԶԶڲϱ׼ԿƷ
ĲڸħϣȻӰħĳɹʡ
ʱȴŵʦһ仰˻
Ϊŵʦ֪Щϵ⣬ֻ̺֪ԭˣǱ㲻ٶ໰
˵޶ƷҲԼܹħôˮƽ⣬ڸħʱ΢עЩͿˡ
ĸħʦͼһҲǸħʦעḽħʦһǿö࣬ȻӦҲ⡣
˭֪ŵʦ⣬ȴָôһ¡
ȻԸ˵Լ⿿Ԫ֮ĸӦܷ֡
Ҫ˵Ųţˣָνͣ
Ŀŵʦе޶ϣȻһģŵʦΪ޶̺Ԫ֮ϵԣӳļ󣬾޶걾ɫƫƣ̺Ԫ֮Խ࣬ɫԽ
ţûָڿŵ޶꣬ɹɺľͼûˡŵʦ
Ҳ˵ˣǼЦŴӲ϶óһƬ޶ָ꣬ŻĵطɫȻΪɹֲȥ𣬵ǸԪ֮ŨߣԼɹɺ󣬻ϸ΢ġ
˷׷һƬ޶꣬Ż˰죬ȴûʲô
ŵʦͬûôСĲҲó
΢΢һЦҽӴϵʱȽ϶ˡ
һȺħʦ࿴ǿ𰸡
ҲǶħʦ˵˸ѧϰħǶʱ֮ͺٽӴһħϣһҲ֡
٣㲻ڲ϶ﳤİɣȻôôϤִȤ
ЦЦûлش
ʮӺŵʦϢʱٴæµ
ǰСʱľһӦø硣
ȺòϵĿ϶Ͼȥ۲ÿħʦĶ
ЩħʦڽеǶ߸߼ĸħôʲôڽеģǡǡһħ
һԹ۲һ󣬱㷢һЩ⡣


107 
ȣЩħʦٶȶ졣
ǵٶȿ˵Ƿǳ
˹˵ĽӴø߼ħʦڽеͼħʱȻɼ򵥣ٶһܿ졣
ڿ벢׼ȷ
ڳЩħʦһ˹˵ˮƽҪߣǵٶȴû˹˿졣
Եģɸħؼס̵һ鸽ħʦȽϡ
˹˰ľɸħؼסʱʱʮһΣħʦУһʹԼʮħʦȴҲҪҡ
˹˹ѧԺѧȣǵٶȶҪ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼûʧȥ֮ǰȣǾҪ˸ࡣ
ڼٴθħؼסʱܹһθħʱѹʮڡ
ΣǻƵͼƺͱ׼ͼЩ
ΪϤĸħƤѥٶȣ׼ͼӦжʮߣ۲һ鸽ħħʦȴÿζʮߡ
ʲôģ
Ǵ׶еȴʱ˼Լ˹ʵ飬׼ͼֻṩһοͼֻôһӣǿԽ޸ĵġ
ǵ˳ʦָƶڽģһ·ߺȴǰʮߺͱ׼ͼûκֻڻʮߺԱ߶ѡ
͸ħ
ȻȻͷ
߾á
ͺ͵йˡ
װڱħɹΪͼŵԪ֮ٶɢһЩâ
âɫǿͼԪ֮Ժǿйء
總ħƤѥٶȵĻôƤѥͻɢ΢ĴԵɫâ
ɸħƤѥٶħĻΪеԪ֮һǿö࣬ôȻͬɫâȴ϶öࡣ
ڷ֣ЩװɵһħɢĹâȴǿҵǶħ
ΪߵԵʣ
ΪʲôҪô
Ǵڸ¡ĸͷиʽħʱΪ¡رҪͼһЩϸ΢ĸĶøͷܹӳĹâ
ѵЩħʦ֮ôҲΪίرҪ
ЩװǸӪʿõġ
ЩʿҪЩʵĸħʲô
ĿڸղǶ޶ӹһ
ֻУЩ˵Ķɡ
ԳЦЦЩʲôֹʲô£
οʲôʸȥܣ
µͷĬʵʵһ˿ԼȵĹ
תۼ䣬ֹȥСʱ
ŵʦϢһװ漴üͷ
ʮӵϢýСʱľķɣΪʱ丽ħµľƣСʱÿСĸħɹʶ½
ƣϢʮӣСʱЧֻ»͡
ΪֹҲŽԤȵ֮ѡ
СʱܹʼٶȣҲǸպɣҪ˵Чʿ϶͡
ѵҪҼħʦŵʦͷ󣬽ס̾˿
ѡĻίС
Ϊίеĳ֮٣һʵص˶̲סֵĳ嶯
ί˳ͬʱҲŵ۹ʡܶħʦ˷ֻģħʦȻþܾ
᳤ֻ˹ȴһֱŵϵѣ˳µذίн
ֻǸίҲͰˣƫƫ˹һģ˵ʲôȻŵȫȨôڹԪϵķϣó͹᲻κγɡ
ƨ
Ϊί֧ĳܼΪһǧöңŵȥÿθħɹҪǧװĸħҪĲϻѾѾӽһǧİöҡ
ʧʵĻֻһǧöȫ϶δܹ
Ҫ˵ôĸħƾŵԼһǸǲܵ顣
Գ˹⣬ҪӶħʦæ
ȵŵƾԼ˳ڵԼڴչʮħʦһ㣬Ѫ
ҪɵĸħһħΪ߳ɹʣŵȻȥЩһħʦ
̫߼ĸħʦҪ̫ߣȻ벻
ʮħʦǶħʦֻħʦǳźŵϽġ
ɼʮ˶ŵҪ۲ߣֺųƸҪȴܼƻǵõӽöҡ
ίеĳɱҲһǧöңѾȸ֧һǧöҪһöҡ
һöңΪħʧܶµĳɱȫŵʦ
£ȻԸٶ໨ǮȥӶħʦ
ٶõħʦĻֻίû취ڹ涨ʱɡ
Ҫ˵òõõʣµ߰ʮöң縥Ϊ׷ֻ¸ء
뵽ŵֻ̾Ϣ
ˣ컹ǻسһˣҼЧʱȽϸߵĸħʦˡ
ŵһ¶ģ̧ͷȴпɵվżֽ۾ؿûڽȲϵĹ
ŵΪί˿̼͵ŭ׼ָʱȴֳСȻڳûͣٵļ
һÿСԱȻڷǡôĲϣȲΪ̫²ϻһ̫ӰЧҲΪ̫ǸħĹͣ١
ȴ͵ΪԽԽСĸħٶȷȲϵٶˡ
ŵֻסڣƵߣȴŵģȻ⼸Сиħͼ
ôףϵɻŵʵ
ŵʦҡϿʼͻȻŵڶ⼸ͼЧһæͼһԣת׼¿ʼ
ˣһʱòϣϢ°ɡ˭֪ŵʦǶпСΪûаֲɫļʾҪš
ţ˳ȫɹС飬Ӧ
ողһֲϣڵȷҪٽȡ
ûй˼ĹЧʺܸߣҺ⡣ŵʦЦпиɵģҲ˵ʲô
ȴⰲο
ŵԴ˺ΪϹǡôԼɫĲȣÿСЧһϡ
һʱҲ֪ôӦֻЦЦ
ˣ㻹ûشҵ⣬ͼ㿴ôŵָղŵͼʵ
סͷ
ŶŵЩ⡣
ȻĲȶϣ²ĸħˮƽӦñһ͵ĸħʦǿһЩ
ЩͼרΪί޸Ĺģͨĸħʦһʱ䶼δؿס
û뵽ȴֻſһȻ˵Լף


108 Ķ׼
˵˵ͼΪʲôͱ׼ͼ̫һŵ룬
Ȳ϶ӦöԱ׼ͼͬ죬ŵһЩѶȵ⡣
ӦΪͻЩװϵĹâЧɣָָԶǶѾɸħװ
ţŵ˵ͷûʲô⡣
ЩװĹâЧȽͻע⵽ûʲôϡ档
ܸܲңЩͼΪʲôЧšŵһŸħƤѥٶȵͼٴʵ
Ƶس˳ŵôôĺԼЩ⣿
룬ָͼֽϵ˵㣬׼ĸħƤѥٶǶʮߣͼͼȴʮû´ĻЧģӦ͵ߡ
ŵԾؿҲ֪ߣ
һ㶣漴Ӧ
ںķ˹ıУ˹߹ħʦŻӴݡ
ǡмͷĸħʦÿ˹˵ҲδȷȻôħʦΪʲôҲЩħ
֪ġû˵ٻűϽӴ͸ħȷ⡣
ŵɵƳһۣͣô⣬ôӴֶ
Ͼ죬Ҳöʣ΢һ£µûߵĿľΪ߹âЧǿأȻЩΪʲôҿ㻹ɻأ
⡭Щɡ
˵ҪڷԼǷˣ񶼻ԭµġ
ݸ벻ŵʦȻǸ̻Ľͽ
Ǻãи⡣˶ŵʦҺ֣ΪʲôҪ͵߹âЧأǰװ˷Ѳô
ŵʦǺһЦҡҡͷҲֻίôҪİˡ
ʵŵȻ֪Ҳܲµһ
Ȼɲǰʶ˲Сӡ
˭֪üҲ˼ֻֻ֣ĹâЧĻҪô鷳ŶԣĶһ߾ͺˣȫҪר˷Ч
ŵһ£漴Ц
Сӣǲ֪ߵغ
Ķһߣѵ֪׼ͼǾħʦʵȷģô׸Ķ
ӵίк󣬻о˰죬ø͸ħﵽҪġ
ȴû뵽СһſڣҪֱӸĶ׼ͼˣ
ǺЦ
ŵβ֮⣬Ĭ
ǸĬԵˣǿŵԼ㲻Ǿһʶ͸¶Լ뷨ġ
أȻҲ֪ѧϰĸħ벻ʦ˭ӦøһҪǰ˵ǻ۰ɣŵļ򡣡ˣҪЩˡ㿴ǵĲϿҪˣ׼ɻɡ
ͷѱ׼˵Ļȫ˻ȥĬȻʼ
ֻȲϣȴ˹˵һ仰
νǰˣú˲ȵġ
˹˵ž仰ʱ̬ס΢΢һЦ
ò˵λʦɺһʦЩ̫һ

ҹ
޴ռΪѾûʮææµµΣԵø塣
żѲҹʿĽŲԼڼ̾͵Ĵϣȥ޷˯
뿪ѧԺѾʮˣпǸһѾ޳ܵػصѧԺ˰ɣ
Ҳ֪صѧԺ᲻Ϊҵȥҿ׺ɯ鷳
˿һ뿪ѧԺӦ͵˹ٳˣҵ˹ٳǣҪҪȥأ

߰˼ȫܿƵԺתתȥ޷
˰죬̾һɴȭ̧ţһЩ
ŵʦΪ׵ЩħʦǣӪﶼаסŵʦڷ޶󣬲İĶȫЩʿǿܣҪء
ʮöҵıȻӦ
ֻʣһˣֳЩȴҲ´ŵˡ
ӻʮȦֱоȫ΢΢ͣ¡
ϧȴϡ
Ϊ˶Ϊƣ˯˭֪˶ˣӾ
ֻܿЦҿͼЩĥʱ䡣
һĿЩϡ
ϳ극ڽϿصʱҪעЩʲôŵʦרŽʱĻԶһЩϣЩ޶⣬ЩƷ
ʵ֤ŵʦĵĲ졣
ŶԪ֮ĳǿӦܿ˻ＸʮѵĲϣֳѾֵǶ޶⣬Ѳ⡣
еȵģһҶݡ
һҶݲȫƷǽӽһ붼ƷһƷ
ΪҶ¶Ĵ඼ƷƷȴǼ棬ϸػ¶Ҫ©˹ȥ
ǰ漸ѲϻԽΪ˶ڸħϲĻôһҶݿԿǹġ
ŵʦڶԼʱѿɫסЩͬ
ΪܵħʦϵעħʦЩ˵ͼĸħѾˣ벻Щһħ϶иЩè壬ŵʦ֪ˣȻΪŭ
ȻҲͬ¶ѣ֮⣬ҲûȥЩʲô
ֻϸǼĲϣϸŵʦ
ڶĿ꣬ǰһģЩѾħϣȴûüʿǰߵװ
·;϶ȹʮ˹۲һ;ĸðϵĸħ⣬ûκλӴħ
һӴô฽ħϣԼôģһħԵʮ죬ǽһĵһΡ
ȻΪǸֵͼû취ĶԸħŨȤûˣΪЩ춼û취ħøӸ
͸ղͼ˯ʱ̵סڼȻѾˣȻ̡
ó̵ٶǶװǰһһ˫ƤѥȻȻ̽ȥ
ȻоһѪӿ
ԭղ̽ȥϰԵҪڵȥ̽飬ȴٴβڸԪ֮Ϯ
һŻָ
Ԫָ֮ƽط֣һԪ֮ϮƺѾǰôҡ
һʱ򣬼ǰһڣ˹ȥ
һνǾͷۻѣ֮Ⲣû̫ķӦ
ѵкתˣ


109 
˶񣬸ɴ۾ڵ
ʵȴʧ
Ԫ֮ȻǼ̶·ţû䣬ٶҲûκ
鵽Ǹֵͼʱȴһֵı仯
Ƚһ£ڵͼǰһԶ޸õͼȣƺߵĻ΢һЩͬʱߵҲһЩ΢Сı仯
ڸħϸڷһǳע⣬ҲֲôСı仯
ǣЩ仯ʲô
ȵķ֣о⼸ߵı仯ͼӰʱȻһҲһ䶯
ֻѾֵ⼸仯⣬ߵı仯ҪС࣬СԺԵĵز
ֵͼò޸⣬Զɣ
㶵ع۲ͼ죬Ԫ֮Ĳӿͼȷһ㣬ǳϸ΢ؽһЩ仯ʮ¹۲һ£¸ֲˡ
г˺档
Ƕֵͼĺ棬ǶԼħĸħʦĺ档
ħʦʲôˣ
Ȼܹɸħֱû֮ǰŷ֣ɵħأԱΪ漣һ
ܹԶ޸ܹԶȡԪ֮и죿
߸Ըħʶ
һȷϣħʦԼûж⡣
ΪͼΪֹһֱڰ
ҲȻΪͼʹȴһֱûɥҪԭ
κ⣬ȻǰһûлðͷֻԳЦЦҷЩʣ°עͶԼϵƤѥ
̽ȴûκεľٶ
ȻĨƤѥ棬ȴܹƤѥϸ΢Ԫ֮
ƫ̫˰ɣߣԪ֮㣬⻹нڵ㣬ⶼǵĸˡ
ո̽ƤѥĸħüͷΪ֣˫Ƥѥϵĸħδ̫˵
Ȼûгħʽϵı׼Χûд󶼲һħյýĸħʦУЩ·ֽϵĺڵһۡ
˫ƤѥҡҡͷһϧذƤѥ˻ȥ
˫ƤѥϵĸħȻˣյĸħЧ½ֻܴﵽٶȰٷ֮ĵı׼ɸħܹٶȰٷ֮ʮԶˡ
ΪЩħʦҲǶħʦɼ򵥵һħʱ϶ǳڿȴô¡
ֻһЧãϣһס
Ȼϵĸħ󣬽סٴδҡͷ
ɵĸħؼסͬﵽ˱׼ҲֻǱ˫ƤѥϵĸħҪ΢ôһѣֱʮǧ
ĵٴμһȼס
Ȼٳ
һͷ
ûκ
Ȼ硣
ûиϵĸħȻˣЧȱ׼Ҫͣ
ʵ޶꣬Ч
һ·ּеװϵĸħնֻǿﵽ׼ѣûһħܹƵ㣬Ҫ˵
ѵǵˮƽôԼжϡ
Щħʦͨ˸ħʦῼ˵עḽħʦˮƽӦôŶԡ
˺һĿЩװɢɫĹâϣȻԼҵ˴𰸡
ЩħͲ׷Чֻ׷ЩûõĹâɣ
תͷĿꡪŵʦΨһϵЩͼֽ
ͼ翴ģЩװϵͼ
Щͼͱ׼ͼΨһ𣬾ڶ˼߶ѡ
ŵʦ˵ЩߵãǿħĹâ
ǰװϵĸħãЩæµ˰죬ҪĿʵЩװЩӵһħͼЩװܹɢ߼ħĹâ
ô
ƵǼͼԼԱߵĸħʽ濴
۲죬ϸ㣬ȻԼĿ
ҪǿװϵĸħâĻôͲҪôӡ
£ɴԼ뷨
ڱ׼ͼĸĶɲǵһνˣӦ֡
Яıʺ͸ħֽ±Ѿʹøͼ˳
⼸ͼɵͼԼࡣ
ԸħƤѥٶ˵׼ͼΪʮߣŵʦɵͼȴΪߣʮ
ȴħƤѥٶ޶ѹʮߣԼ㿼ǵǿħâЧɵͼܼҲֻʮ߶ѡ
͸ħƤѥٶħԣڱ֤ļЧԼͬǿħâЧͬʱͼͱŵʦͼҪʮߣ
⻹ΪħƤѥٶȵͼͼ򵥣ɹĶķΧ˵⼸ħΪӵĸħؼס̵Ļ
׼ΪʮŵʦɵͼΪʮߣպһ
Ķͼȴֻʮߣŵʦɵͼʮ
ȻΪʹû취ͨģ⸽ħ֤ԼͼǷܹ
ܳɹȷͼȻҲû취ɸħʽôħȻᱻϡ
ԣ⡣
Ȼֱͨģ⸽ħ򵥶ֱӵķ֤ȴԼһħĳǿ⣬ԼһħϵļϤֱӴӵһ߿ʼ㡣
ȻԸħƤѥٶΪ
ӵһ߿ʼֱͨεĸħʵ飬ֱģߣȻģڶߵʱͬʱٿǵǰߵ໥Ӱ죬ȥ
ȻߵԽԽ࣬ͼҪע⵽ĶȻԽԽࡣ
Щڽģ⸽ħʱȻȻֳȴԼȫģ⡣
˵Ȼһ޴Ŀ顣
ĸħƤѥٶȻ򵥣Ͼֻʮ߶ѣʧʮκȫģͼ
پζÿڵ㣬ÿƫǣÿԪ֮֮ĻӰĴ㣬ȷ˸ħʽ
ǵѶȵĸħסħͷħؼס̷սʱȴԼʵ̫ˡ
ΪÿһߣͼΪܵӰ죬ÿһߣͼͼҪע˽һ
ɸħƤѥٶȵģʱʧʮκŻóɹ
ڽԸѶȵĸħסʱʧ˽ӽٴβǿɡ
ȵиħؼס̵ģʱķ˽ӽһСʱʧ˽ǧΣûܹȫסͼϸڡ
ŵҲۣԵŵ㹻֡
һǧβУôǧΡ
ǧλУǾͽǧΣ
һһн㣬һһڸħֽ϶ͼбעͿģֱŸħֽѾûпհס
ֱѾɢűͿĸħֽĶȻͣȻקһŸħֽ˲һͼ
ɹˣ
Ÿħֽ˷ܵؼ˼飬ȷûдСд¸ħʽ
һ꣬ڷ˾漴оһʹ
ԣΪղԹָ
ԳЦЦ
벻ֻǼ򵥵ؽһͼĸĶģ⣬˺ķѾ
Щǿĸħʦ¸ħҪȥģӸӵͼԼӸӵĸħʽ϶ҪϽѡȡĻԴҲܣ
Ȼ˹ʦ˵öԣҵȷʲôŰЦҡҡͷǿɢһصķֽʰã漴ԴޱȻʲô롣
Ų̱ߣһᣬ棬˲˯ȥ


110 ϡ
ιأˣ̫Ҫյƨˣ
һޱ·ըװȻ𣬰ӳ˯оѡ
Ӳض˶Ժ˫ۣͿЦݵضԼǰ
٣أ˰۾ֹһЦļ˵Сϸʲôˣô˯ô
ֹ˯óСӴ涼üһħʦҲȡЦһ˯ûкһ𣬲Ȼ˭ú˯ˡ
仰һȫЦ
ΪĵȺħʦĹЧ˲٣Ƕڿ죬Ҳ໰СӶӡ󲻴
˼ͷԼΪ˯Щ벻ȴЩ𣬲˯ţһ˯ô
ʰộϴϣЩħʦȴҲѾʼ˹
ذҪĲϸ͵пϢʱȴƺ˸ˡ
ŵʦôûڸͲʱһ䡣
˵ɣ컹ҪȥļħʦַɿӦһ䣬ͷʼ
Ŷ
ֻܵŵʦǼѲϵˡ
ʱڽĹ·ɿţȵһСʱĹŵʦǡôĸ˻ˡ
λĸҸոļĸħʦһʶ£ǾҪһˡ
˿վŵʦĸһۣ¶ȡ
ĸˡδ̫˰ɣ
˵ɵĶһħǾŵʦĸӺЩħѾͨһħѶԸһЩԾЩħʦħʦҪϰһ²գҪ˵һħʦˡ
ĸ˵ǿûһ˳ʮ꣬Ҫ˵ܹɾĶĸħֻû⼸ħ⡣
ҲûɣĸȻᣬҪǵˮƽϵɻŵʦЦЦ͵ΪǶǱʷٷɭѧԺеţ
˶һ
ʷٷɭѧԺеţĸǣ
ʲôʱôֵǮˡ
ѵôٹһ¾ʷٷɭѧԺӡĸǽ걻ʷٷɭѧԺеţϾҪȥʷٷɭѧԺԺˣԲûǵˮƽŵʦҲҪҵ۹⣬ղļǵʱѾǽп˹ڽ⡣
ŵʦȻһߡ
ߣǿħ˲ٵģһħʲô
ǣô򵥵һħĻƾʲôȥʷٷɭѧԺ
ŵȻЩüȴҲû˵ʲôֻɫһ䡣
ôùɣ
ΪԲٱһȾ䣬벻Ȼﻹ
ȻŵʦÿӺͿŦƶϴŵЦݣŵԴĲ˳
ΪͿŦƶͻȻеȣ߳Ϊûбŵʦڵһ۳򵽽ȴֻбӾȡ
أôҲɴ۾ָʵ
ŦƶֱӣתͷŵʦʵŵʦСôҲͲǸħʦ
ǸħʦŦƶⶼһ㶡
ļרŸȲϵġŵʦȻٿˡʶ
ʶɡŦƶһܲԸԼʶӡ
ŵʦһḽħȲϡ²ðɣŦƶѵ
ιСӣڿʲôЦûŵʦشһԵֲӦĹǿɶǿŵģɵĺܳɫҶ硣Ȼ˵Ǹħʦ
ܳɫɣŦƶһ졣ḽħ
Լ˵ģ˶¶ŵı飬ŦƶϽָָ
ôһȺٴΰĿͶ
ǵģû취ɸħͷ
ϻش⣬۾ȴǿˣȫһ¡
ڷǵʱΪķ˹ͬʱʷٷɭѧԺУѧԺǣ˹Ϊ֮𶯺˷ܣƺѧܹʷٷɭѧԺǶô˲顣
ڿЩˣԼǾ֮ܰˡ
ʷٷɭѧԺкô
˰ɣ
ѧԺΪܹķ˹ͬʱʷٷɭѧԺже裬һӻҫһ㣬ʵأ
ŵʦֻȥ˳ļһ£һĸʷٷɭѧԺеѧ
ɴ˿ɼͲϡ档


111 ŵʦ
ڸоһ˿ʧͬʱȴҲýЩδйķɡ
ΪʹпʧȥȥʷٷɭѧԺѧϰĻᣬЩ˼ѹ
ͻȻֱʷٷɭѧԺʵûǰΪôҪѹ㲻ɡ
Ȼ֪ܹʷٷɭѧԺѧϰһѧķͬһ壬ڣѾǰһΨһϣˡ
˵ʱ̹ʵĳԼڲܸħ
Ծ¶һ˿Цݡ
û취ɸħĻشȻ
ŵʦֵȼΪȴһ˼
ղ˵ǡڡɸħ˼ǰǿԵģ
ôΪʲôڲܣ
ǿԼˡϣŦƶָֺ
ŦƶָָŵʦŵʦһħȲϣǿ϶ġ
˵ǰЩʱ˶䳰ȷЩ͵ĻôѾ⿪ĽĪشԼȴֻǸеЦ
һżԼôδ̫˵ɡаЦ
ȻŦƶԼָŵʦüͷһ壬˻Ӹ첲˵ĻҲܿصܲɸħֻ֪絽ڣȲϵĹûгһδ󣬱ַǳáǡ
ŵʦһȻûм˵ȥ˵ĲȴѾ¶ļΪԡ
ΧħʦͶĹĿ⣬Ŧƶ˶ʱɫΪΡ
벻һֱǷСӣȻֵôã˶һ
˵һۣаޡ
ˣ񻹺أҲҪ˷ʱˡŵʦҲö˺֮ĶԹ֣˴ҵע󣬿ʼ°
ᡢŦƶԼȻֻѧǲΪʷٷɭѧԺеţֻŵʦָϰʮΣѾȫ˱⼸ħ
˵ϣŦƶȻΪЩţټһָᣬ˵ˮƽȷܸߡ
ɵ˼ħʽʼ󲻾ãЧʾȻͱѾһĺܶ฽ħʦҪøߡ
ѧҪԲȴͬҪһָħʦЧøߡ
һ˵ļ룬ȶʱߡ
ֻ¿ʼһСʱɵװѾȵСʱɵ
⻹ΪֻǸտʼ˾ʢԵʣȴҲ˼𵽵Ҫá
ŵһɵװص˵ͷ
ûļѧɹΪϾħʦȣѧǵʵһ˵Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
ڵ֪ĸѧȻǽ걻ʷٷɭѧԺеѧ㱧һԵ뷨ǽ˲ԡ
ԵĽȴǳ⣬ѧɵĸħܸߣٶҲܿ죬˳־һ޷⣬ıֶʤݹ
ʽʼȻһСʱĸħĸ˵Чʶ˲̶ͬȵ½ȴȻҪһЩħʦøߡ
һǽһյЧʿܺʮħʦȲԵرɫŵѾʮ⡣
ΪǱˣ
ûѧʱԼֻȥʷٷɭѧԺ֮ǰĻһЩħʵ飬Բںꡣ
ڲԳ˵ˮƽѾ챻ίиɲֵŵȻ˳ˮֻۣÿһʮöּͬѵı꣬ĸԺʮħʦĹᲢ۵ѧ˻
£˵ŵԴӽίкΨһе˵顣
ڳתһȦȷÿСĹɵþȻŵ£׼úϢһ¡
ΪίУһֱ߶ȽţڿɵϣȻԼú÷һ¡
һ£ŵĿɨԱߵ棬졣
Ȼ棬ŵƺ˵
뿪ʱϳµ⼸ħͼظħʽ⣬һЩίеļڳЩ⣬ֶͼֽ
ŵƵذԼӡĶһߣȻ⼸ͼֽ
һһͼֽʱһ
ͼֽһɼʮ򳤻̣״ɵļͼ
ŵڿͼĵһʱѾжӦһͼ
ͼֽұ߿հ״¼һЩӦǸħʽصݣ֤һ㡣
ŵΪĸħʦµƷϸ۲󣬶ʱһ
ͼûô򵥡
ͼܼʮߣߵĻŵĸħƤѥٶȵͼͬ
ŵֻ飬㷢ʮʮ߿ǳ졣
Ժϸһº֣ʮߺ͸ħͷı׼ͼһּȫһ
ùԱ߱ĸħͷͼ±ȽϣȻû
Ҳֻʮͬʣµʮߣȴ븽ħͷ׼ͼʣʮȫûй֮ͬ
ͼʲô˼ŵüͷ˼
һʱͼʧƷĿԡ
Ϊͼ϶ÿһߵԡԪ֮ǿֲżΪϸıעԱߵĸħʽȻǾܼ㣬ȫϸ֮ħͷı׼ħʽ
ƾŵʮĸħ飬ĸħʦĵһûо֤ɹĸħϻ˾޴ľ
Ȼϸ˺üŵȴǲħõʲô
Ǻͱ׼ͼһΪͬʱͷħĻôƾôʮȻܣοʮߵԲΪ
һǲףŵɴվȥһͷȻߡ


112 
٣أһݡˣԼ
Ȼÿȴһ۳ŵõͼֽɫһ䡣
ͼֽôô죿
ŵһݲϣʼ飬룬ݣʾԼ¡
ŵǸħʦϵעḽħʦԼδӴĸħʱȴҲÿһոսиħѧϰѧһء
ûмڿʼ飬ùһŸħֽֽϿʼģ⸽ħ
ħϾǸݸħͷҲֻʮߣȻͼ͸ħʽҪȱ׼ͼ͸ħʽҪϸ£ŵעḽħʦԵȻûκѶȡ
ֻͼֽ˲ʮģ⸽ħŵѾա
׼ʼʵʸħʱŵȴԥˡ
ͼֽ϶ͼҪѾҪһı׼ͼϸ£ħʽҪͼҪ󻹸Ҫϸ˼
ûг⸽ħʽ֮ǰŵûаܹħ
Ȼԥֻһգ۵Ĺ
ŵɲţԼħʦˮ׼һô򵥵һħʧܡ
ָڲһ㣬ǿ߶£еԪ֮˲Ѿϡ
ŵָһһ˿Ԫָ֮Ӳͷϡ
ʮͱ׼ͼû߼һǳɣڻƽʮʱŵѡ
ԭΪʮ߶ֻǻΪϤЩ鷳ǵŵʼƺȴ֣ʮߵʵǱġ
ÿһߵ򣬶Ӱ쵽ͼ
ģ⸽ħʱ᲻ǵЩи˲ϵԪ֮ŵȵط֣ʮÿһܹǿǰʮ𵽵ħЧŵʱ˽Ч
һЩߵѶȻߣÿһ뿼ǵһߺͼĻӰ졣
ÿ߻߼һ룬ͼֱ仯
ŵＸʮĸħʵޱȷḻһθħ㲻þͻʧܡ

ŵڻһߣͷϵĸħԼ̲ͨסһ
ԳؿЦ벻һħȻܹᵽþöûᵽսо
ͷŵʱֳһ
ħͷɺһ˵ͷϻеĻĹâͷϵĹâȷǻ䣬ȣȴҪԶԶ
ŵضͷһȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷǱѾɸħͷһ±ȽϣȻ𾪵ķ֡
ͷϵĹâȣȻЩħͷҪߣ
ôܣŵ𾪵ؿԼոɵͷȫԼ۾
ǼħʦɵĸħͷǾԼǱоרż˽ʮߺܴﵽħĹâЧġ
ոɸħͷȴֻʮߣ
ŵһ˲侲
Ǹᣡ
θίݣʵܽһ㡪Ҫһħֳ߶ħϵĹâЧ
ŵŻо˼죬Լħ˸ԸħĹâЧǿ
ŵվˮƽޣҲֳֻħĹâЧߡ
Ǵ˿ǰͷȴΪǸֵĸħֳĹâЧȻŵоĸħҪǿ
ŵãâԺħᲢۣ
ڽеͷħĻǿԸõίУ
ҪǣͼֻʮߣҪԼͼһ룡
һÿһθħĵĲҲ϶ͣħĳɱȻҲ֮١
뵽˴ŵٲɣֱͼֽͷͷħһ鸽ħʦǰ
Ǹո¸ͼ͸ħʽоһ£ħ
ħͷСļȻЩŵôͻȻ˸ħҲû˵ʲôͼֽʼо
ż˿ʼϰħŵһ졣
Ȼû޳ܵ˵ͼֽģЩȻ϶Ʒ
ǿסеŵ»صߣ⼸ͼֽ濴
ԽȴԽľ
˵ղſŹڸħͷĸͼֽʱŵƭԼħʦֻһˡ
ôڵͼֽбҲû뷨
ȷŸħͼֽÿһŶǿħâЧڱ׼ħͼϽеĸ
Լÿͼֽйʵħ󣬸ǶÿһߵĹ˼ʹ̵ʶ
Щ̵ʶУǸеΪ𾪡
⼸ͼֽĸħʦ⼸ħ˽Ѿһ˾ĵز
ŵԭʶУ׼ħͼǾħʦεʵȷģܽκθġ
ڽӵίк󣬵һʱ뵽ľǸ͸ħȴûԱ׼ͼи
ϵ⼸ͼֽȴظ׼ͼܹģܹо
⼸ͼֽУÿһͼĿҪȱ׼ͼࡣ
ŵ˵ֱɴı׼ͼħʦУȴһŰԲ
׼ͼÿһһ룬ֻϼߣͲ֤˻ĸħЧǿ˹âЧ
ŵСӼȣħĹâЧȻǿôࡣ
Ǵʦֱʰŵڽʵʸħ󣬽סһ̾
Щ˭ҶϵĶÿһħŵѾжЩͼֽĸħʦͶء
˾Ĳ֣
ϸĹʽ
˾ȷµƣ
ЩЩڿı׼ħϲϡ棬Ƿһеĸħϣǻŵƽ
ͬʱҲ֣˭Щͼֽģ
ϵڣղȥļħʦһСʱ⣬˿ɶһֱһ𣬸û˭ʱ⼸ͼֽ
һлᣡ


113 Ʋ
ŵȻڲ϶ǰæµҡҡͷԼĲ롣
ȻһϵϤԿһħӦ÷ǳóǾ㲻˵ղųԼû취ħŵҲܹͣɶԱ׼ħĸ
˵Щͼֽÿһߣÿһʽÿһע޲˴ʦˮ׼
ɾӦһĸħʦܹĸ߶ȡ
˼Ƭ̺ŵȻòͷ
Ȼ˿ԤСʱʱѵŵֻҷ⣬ϢȻ⼸ͼֽ鷢ȥǳϢʱϽϤ
Ϣ󣬽ſʼСʱŵ־ϲ
ȻտʼΪϤµĸħĹЧʶһ½˶¸ħԽԽϤЧʺָܿתۼ˴ߡ
ΪЩ¸ħÿһĿҪȸղŵĸħһϣôѵʱ䵱Ȼ١
ŵ˵ģǲϵٶԵĽ͡
һСʱȥˣĵĲʮӵĶࡣ
ŵĬĬһ£ȥǰίУпӯࡣ
ʵ֮ϲ
ڸ֮࣬ŵȴҲһֱġ
ղڷַͼֽʱĬЩͼֽԼоġ
Ҳ֪⼸ͼֽĸħʦŪģǸħʦҴĻֻ˳Ҳûˡ
ǸħʦҴô
Ȼᡣ
ĵվڲ϶ǰǰһȺææµµЩԼΪʲôҪݹֻ͵ؿű˸ħԼȴ﷢пȥŵʲô
ŵɵЩͼַֽȥʱȴûʵɵͼֽŵûʸԴ
ΪԴӽӴħǼСǸǵĸħʦҲãǺѧԺʦҲգû˽̹Щ
˵⼸ͼֽȻķ˾޴ȴûа⼸һħͼֽжҪ
ŵܹ⼸ͼֽ֤ŵ˵Ĳʲô޻̸֮Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȻνĺҲֻˡ
ŵʦ׼븽ħΪڵ⣬Ҳû취ɡ
ղŵʦ⼸žͼ󣬾⼸ͼֽ͵ߣĸħʽȲϡ
ȻȻܹڵһʱѲȳЩȣŵʦѾı֣ҲûĵЩͼĽ
֮£⼸ͼֽ
Ȼ⼸ͼĸ죬ΪʱȣϾľ޴ֻǳɣûоϸµ޸ĺо
Ъһʱ⼸ͼֽȻûرԵĴ󣬵ȴкܶطʵһЩơ
ȻһôĸĶһߵĻȺͳʲôȴԡ
ȻյĸħЧȴ΢ʡһЩϡ
һܱĸħʦ̫⣬ԣȴҪ
٣ͼǲǾúԺȻһ
Զء۾ؿǸͼ⣬ҲûӦߵƫЩһ£Чãܼߵĳȣ͸ħѶȺͽʡһЩϡ֮ľ̫ˣԲעĻͻڵ㣬Ӧá
˵ȻӦȻ̧ͷŵʦЦеվǰ
ŵʦҡתͷһۣЩڸħ˲϶һʱҲҲʲô˵ֻԴЦЦ
ûû£û˼Ҿ˵ˣֻҪĹܹ֤ʱڸʲôûϵŵʦЦŰڰָָ֣еͼֽͼȻܿôô
Ȼǡ˵ԼģܿⲢϡ档ȻӦæĿڡϤһħһЩⲢѡ
ôŵʦ۴һеɻԽԽŨ
ղ񸽽ʿѯһ£ȷûκ˽ȥ
Ҳ˵ϵϣʱֻһˡ
ʱھͶôͼֽ
ôȫԿ϶⼸ͼֽɡ
ڣῴֻʮ궼ûС
͵һһǱĸʷٷɭѧԺеѧҪţŵʦҲܹ⼸Ÿͼ
Ϊ⼸ͼȻֻ漰һħĸ죬ܹĶ׼ͼһ㣬Ϳ˵Ǵʦֱʡ
˵ͼϸطϸڣ޲ħʦһħѾﵽȫһ㸽ħʦŵܶĵز
ȻŵûһħͶپȻҲţͣȻڸħϳԼ
ŵʦûлɵϣǸղʹʿõĴ𰸣Լ˿̵ķӦȴ̲סһЩġ
Ī⼸ͼСӵƷŵʦȻϽ²⡣
˶٣ĵֵ˵жԸ͸ħЩ˽⣬ܸܲңôӴģ
⡭һ£һűϷֵġ
ʲôϻиħģŵʦһѵ׶̻ı񣿡
ֵ¶ȣŵʦҲ֪ôҾűϵͼз˸͸ħġ˵Щ˼ЦЦʵڸտʼʱҸ֪͸ħʲôһͬѧҲ֪ġ
Ȼ֪׶̻ıиħ󲿷ָħʦ֪ģΪǡŵʦһۣضס
׶̻ͻϵĸħ֮Գԭֻһ㣬ǾħһҶħʦ
ȻΪ׶̻ҪűϵĸħֻһħȻҶħʦ֣֮ħȻͬһ㡣
Դ׶̻ıʽͶʹúкܶ฽ħʦΪרŵ׶̻оĸħ
ûκν
ħļȻҶħʦôȻһĸħʦܹƽġ
Ϊ׶̻ⱣҪҶħʦרڱϵĸħһЩڸǸħĸߣƽѶȡ
һʱȳ󲿷ֵĸħʦò
ͼ͸ħʽֻҲҪһʱħŵ۹弶ħʦɣŵҡͷ̾Ϣ˵仰Ǹһ䡣
ԴԺ׶бϵĸħڴ½ĸħʦ֮䣬ѾΪһ⡣
Ȼкܶ฽ħʦβؽоȴûܹƽ
ڣȻ˵Ӵ͸ħͨűϵͼ
Ҳ˵


114 ֮
ܹűϵͼŵʦʵ
ܰӦǶħɣһĶħٺܶࡣ⡭
ܻôŵʦĻ
ţȻŵʦһۣȴɴ۾鼫ȾȣͬʱβסڴԣŵʦҪ
ԣҪܻҡҡҸĳͼӱ
ǰһ׼ӦһſȴʲôȻҡͷ
ŵʦ²УҴӦ˲ͼ͸¶ȥġ
ŵٰԼڱϸħͼ͸ħʽԼزʱ֣صѹűϵĸħ׶еĻܣҪ͸¶ȥ
Ŷŵʦһ㶣ʱȻ
ղŻڲ²ƾԼıƽ׶бϵĸħĻô⼸űͼֻµȷ
¾ƽĸħš
˵͸¶ͼŵʦȴƽ޹ʵؾͷһɡ
֪֮űϵͼͨĳر;ǿԼı¡
һĻҲͽ͵ͨˡ
ֻ͵ͨ⼸ͻȻֵͼȴֽͲͨˡ
ΪĻ˭أ
ŵʦü˼ʱѾ鸽ħʦĲѾҪþȺòϸ˹ȥ
ŵʦҪûʲôʱȴæµֻʱʡ
ô˵⼸ŸͼǰŵʦĴæ
Ϊͼ٣Լ˴ʵĲϣҲ˸ħѶȡ
ԭʮħʦͰᡢŦƶѧһʱϤɸħЧʺͳɹʶȸտʼߡ
λŵʦˡ
ĹЧʺ󣬷㣬콫ίУŻһȥļѧæ
ڸþĸħ˵ЧʶߣͬСʱСʱɵĹȻӽ
һȥίУҲֻʣ²׶ѡ
ڵٶ㣬ȫħֻҪһСʱɡ
Ҳ˵ѧǰˡ
ŵʦͬҲֻǺһ˲䡣
ϸĺȵط֣Ϊʹ˾ͼĲٶȻһ롣
ȥֱίеĻ֧ڳ˵ĳͺ󣬻ӯ࣡
ʵŵʦϲ
ŵʦºһ飬ȷ̲ס¶⼸ΪĵһЦݡ
λŵʦм䣬֣˵ע
ͣеĹ뿴һħӣȴֻûеϢʱ䣬֣ٴŵʦ
λ춨ĹأٹһҾӦϢȻȥͣҿŵָָһǶѻδħװֻʣ²װûиħֻҪЩװĸħίоȫˡϣŵһ٣չЦϣҶټһѾһʣµĹȫɡλɵÿĻһҾλڳڵķ˼ž¥ͣԸлλڹ
˱ΪŵʦӳʱüȻ˵Ҫڷ˼ž¥ͣʱüչ
ŵʦôͻȻˣȻҪǵ˼ž¥Էɲ˰ֶʱЦ
ŵ΢΢һЦȻ˽ԭ
ɵԽ죬ͿԽ絽˼ž¥͡Ȼٶ⣬Ҫ֤
İɣŵʦ¸⼸ͼɱļ򵥶ˡ
ǣŵʦȻô򵥵ͼΪʲô첻óǰװ˷һʱ䡣

ŵƳһۣûʲô顣
ˣҼӰѾϽɹ
˼䣬ͷ
˷˼ž¥ջ˵ٶҪȸղһЩ
ŵʦصͷĻֻ¸ҪһСʱȫɡ
תһȦȷ˶ھȻعŵʦͷѷŸļ棬׼ʱѹίеݶͳƳȵħɺ󣬾򵥼ͿԽίˡ
ûȻһӵ
ŵʦüͷͷԸˣ񸽽һҪְô˸ħĹôȴͻȻô
׼߳鿴ʱӺȻƿһȺӿ˽
ŵʦһ۳߽ļУȻи
ŵʦط֣λŵ۹ʡȫԳƵʵ۵Ĵڵɫɲôÿ
ŵʦȻ΢ɲĶ͵͵ʹ˸ɫ
ӣƺʮ꣬ģϵӺǹ˼ɡ
ô£ŵʦʱȻ
ڶǰʲôݣȻø˼ɣ
ŵʦĿͣ˲һӣ㲻ػ䵽ҲһϣȻ󵹳һ
ǰı־Ȼ弶ħʦѫ£
죡Ȼ弶ħʦ
ǳҶħʦ߼ĸħʦ


115 
ŵʦֻԼֽŶ̲ס
Ȼ˳ʡ׸½ŵϺŵĴУΪʷٷɭѧԺ͸ħʦܲĴڣŵ۹߼ħʦ˹ٳǣ˳Ŀǰ߼ĸħʦȴֻļħʦ
ŵʦԼֻһħʦˡ
ħʦļħʦ弶ħʦ֮Ĳֻһ
ŵʦȴħʦԽ߼֮ĲԽ
ļħʦĲѾܴں弶ħʦǸ޿ɱԡ
ΪܹħʦΪ弶ħʦһǸħʦеٮٮߡ
Ϊ弶ħʦζžиħʦеռĿꡪҶħʦһ֮ң
һ弶ħʦĳһͻƣȡоɹħʦҶħʦƺţħʦΪ½иħʦĶ
ŵʦ֪Լ츳ޣʮ껹ֻһħʦΪ弶ħʦӲܳΪҶħʦ
ǵһпܳΪҶħʦ弶ħʦʱͣȴҲȻסЩ
ŵʦļܰסͣйĸħʦǣȴѾ̲ס
ۣȻ弶ħʦ
ǰ⻹ҵһμ弶ħʦأ
϶˳߳ȥģҶʶ
ϻѵ˳ÿħʦ㶼ʶ
ֻʶÿ˳߳ȥ弶ħʦˣ

ȻͬΪһ弶ħʦЩĵ׿Ц
Ϊп˵Ҫû취μӸħʦĿˣҲʹħʦָĵȼֶ塣
̾һջش弶ħʦĿ⣬תʼȲϡ
ͷڵΣⷬڲͬķӦʱע⡣
һݺͱӰӺȻһ
˾ˣʲôôһԵĸӷףüͷһ壬ʵ
ŵʦһ
˾ˣѵ
˾˵ջĿ⣬ת΢Ц̫ˣʡܶǹλķ潲ҵλߵö࣬ƺΪ˵Ļʵҵ𰡡
һЦݣ˾ǿοΪµʹǰű±ˣǿɾǶԱ²
˾˸һۣЦЦȻ硣
תͷһȦڵΣĿæµӰͣ룬תһֱЩװ弶ħʦ
弶ħʦȴֻ΢΢ͷ
˾ЦЦ˶ھ֮¹Ȼģȥº󣬱һοԹ˱мν
ϼ˳飬Цݲ䣬ӦȻܱеʡܶһְǲ֮˾ع
˾ЦŵͷٴδıӰһۣתͷȥ
һ㶣һ˵Ը˼䣬ȻһȺ׷˾뿪
һȺ˴ؿһȺͻȻܽ˵ûͻȻ뿪֪ǵġ
ŵʦȷӦ׼ôҼɻղűԸµ˺Ȼ˹ŵʦ˵˼䡣
ŵʦɫ˼䣬ȷ˵Ļ󣬺Ȼ̾˿֣ٴ˴ҵע
λͣˣίѾɡ
˱׼¿ʼ˿ŵʦĻһ㶡
ɣⲻǻнӽװûħôָָѷŵװ
ˣѾίУԴҵĹͿˡ
һֺȻִʵŵʦղŴӦ緹
СӾͼǵóԡŵʦûЦЦȻǴӦ˴ҵ飬ҵȻᷴڡλʰһ£͸һ𵽷˼ž¥ɡ˵ŻԼĶӣЦ˵ʵҲˡ
˴Ц׷׷еĲϺװ
ΪֻǳĹ˶ûʲôȻҲûʲôʰġ
Ƭ̺һȺ˾Ѿ뿪Ӫ
һţȴȻҵŵʦ
㲻һȥ緹ôŵʦȵؿ
ˣлŵʦĺ⡣ҡҡͷһԷĻҪܶʱ䣬绹顣
ŵʦ̲סҡҡͷ˵ί񰡡
ðɣȻˣҲǿȥȻԼŵʦЦЦڿڴһöҵݸĳ͡
ûȥӡ
̫ˣЭҵĳӦǶʮöҡ
ŵʦ͵ص˵ͷЦˣ˵ĹɳɫĻҾ͸˫͡
˫Ҳֻʮö
ˣšŵʦֱץ֣Ӳѽġ
ŵʦһۣҲټ֡
ڵȷȱǮòŲҪĽ顣


116 ˹
ѽСĵս·Ŀڴŵʦ΢̾
ǼͼֽǲǴԲϵޱϤͿƶϳĸħˮƽӦò̫
һĸħʦȴΪʧȥ˸ħֻôÿʮöҵĳ͡
ͬΪħʦŵʦʵΪеϧ
٣ȻһöһôأǶǸħʦһԵῴ֣µذѽĿڴԼ
ɲҪˣڿɲɸħʲôħʦһöҶ˵ܶˡῪˣŦƶȻҲ󡣡ѵ뿪ʱô˵ôҪǮĻҪȥ˯·ġ
ˡںˣŵʦһöңȥҸţʲôȥ¶޽ͷˣ
˵ķ̣һ˶üͷһ壬СӶʱ
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117 
ָʾǳ׵ҵʷٷɭ֡
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񿴰׳һ


118 
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119 
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ǼЩʷٷɭѧԺеǣȴҲв˶ʸ񿼺˵ĵһҲѲϵʶϡ
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ϻ˰һۡ߼ħҪĲҲ߼ǮƱһħˡҪһħܹﵽôõЧĻֺαø߼ħ
⵹ǡڽԼɱƫִ⻰ʱͷĿȫ˺Ļ
ͷ¿ʼͼ͸ħʽ
ʼоҲ첻ȥ
ȻһоȴҪﵽ˵Чͼ̫ˣƾͼĻͲܴﵽ˵Ч
˴˿̣ȴҲûȥָͼĴģƳһͼﵽ˿еļٷ֮ʮħ˺Ч
ȻͼҲǸħͷһ֣ΪҪȫ˺⣬Ǿͺ͸ħͷͼž޴
ƾԸħͷĸĻܴĿꡣ
һڸħͷƻϣƳһͼ
һͼһð뷨һ
ɾӦͺˮƽĸħʦӦе뷨
Ȼֿһ۰ֽϵͼеͷȴһѾտˮһ㣬ԽԽУȫ޷ѹ֡
ƴˣҧҧٳɣͷ


120 ʢ
еȫоʱš
Աߣħʦǰ
кͲģҲͱ˺ܶġ
ڿſڱ϶һͼֽддЩ˶ΪǱ˵ĿסˣȴķҪôͬҡҡͷҪôпЦЦֻ߳ŪȴòκλӦ㲻ٴš
ȻСʱȥͼֽϳȷͼһ̧ͷʱȴִʱΧĹâͱº͵Ľֵƣ̵ʱȴ۵⡣
ˣ̧ͷһߵ΢Ц
ԶءͷѾͿ߰Űֽ̾˿ҡҡͷ
µͼȻڵ˵Ѷ̫󣬼ڸħͷƻϣͬʱ˸ͼôʱ䣬ȴҲǳȷͼѡ
ͼЧΣǷҪ޸ģԼصĸħʽЩҪĶҪȫȷĻûнСʱоȫꡣ
ҿѾɵĲ֡
˽ӹѾȷͼһۿȥʱüͷһ壬Ϊͼͼȫͬ
СӸòϹİɣ
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ʱıҲôḡСӡ
ϸͼ˵ɫ
ʵղŸͼԼƵġ
ͼĵ֮ΪƾħԴ߸ħͷеħ˺ЧȻܴﵽٷ֮ʮĿ꣬ȴҲԺ͸ħ硪ħһܹﵽٷ֮˵ħ˺⡣
ƾһ㣬Ѿǳӽڶħħͷеħ˺Ч
ǺͶħȣħҪѵĲȴҪٵö࣬ѶҲ˲١
Ȼ˺ЧضˡĳЩͼΪɫȴɬĶʿ˵ħħΪʺϡ
ڰͼóΪʸ񿼺֮һĿǣƤŵħ˾ĿǲЩѡ
ƾһĲμӳĸħʦԣܲܿͼʲô˵ҪָеĴ󡪡ʵѹͲԼʲô
ƾƤŵħеһˣȴҲû˸ķԡ
ΪͼαıӴԱ
⼸ѾвȻһЩɫ˿ͼİǵһоġ
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ͼУȻܹħͷı׼ͼһЩۼܵ˵ȴȫһ˵ȫµһͼΪ
ͼϸãƾЩڸħͷ⣬˺׵ر˳ͼɸħĻյЧнκ˺⣬Ҳ˵ȽƵͼвȫ˺ԣƵͼһϸΪɫ
յĸħЧڸħʽû֮ǰȴҲѻ׼ȷݡ
뵽ٴ֡
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ԼƳͼɸħʽҲʱ䣬Ҫ˵ôᳬʮСˡ
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شһקסĸ첲
ɣСӣ϶˹ٱ˶Բԣ
ͷ
϶ûԲԣ
ҽյ
ܺáҲһûеطסԲԣðɣûеطס⼸ʹˣԭסĵطƵұ֤סĵطҪǰĺõö࣬ôôô˵Сӣ㼸ˣ㵹ǻظ֪֪ϣա˴ҼסһҪȥأСӻҲⲻɣ
ֻܿЦ˼һͨһض˳Ķ˵Ļˡ
˵룬ʮĶ
˹ٳǣȴûҵ˹λѣڼûгסĵطҲ֪ӦʲôܹǰӦЩݵλ˳Ϲϵ˹ٳǵȻа
ǿһ£ȴҡҡͷ
лĺ⣬ŵ˵ûȡùǰǲܽٺ»ġ
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Щʹı飬ס΢΢һЦ
˲ݵλΣԸħִȴʵʵڵġ
뵽˴ͷ
ðɡ


121 ҹ
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Ҫүɫ΢졣
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䲻󣬵ΡȾ㶼ȫҰڷž£óӵ˿϶ǻһ˼
صͷԱһԺĲãȻ˳ȥ
үĻҾʱˣʲô⣬ʱǰҡϣиΡ
˵䣬Աһߡ
иΣЦ
˵ļƣܲ˯Ǹ⣬Ҫʲôβεˡ
Ȼշ°ûϸƷʱűѾײԳϣյһͷײ˽
٣㻹û˯ɣǼҲûͬⲻͬ⣬ͻеͼ嵽ǰֱӰͼǰϡҸղһָħʽúеʲô𣿡
̲ס̧ͷһۣӸղõԱԼֻֿ˲Сʱʱ䣬Ȼܸͼصĸħʽ
ɴ˿ɼĸħˮƽһԶԼ
һЦ
ûȷħʦȼĶ⿴ƤŵħЩԱĹ̶ȣҲ֪Ȼʲô
ҡҡͷ˦ЩͷʼӸħʽ
˵жôߵݵλڹħϣͼߣȻҪзȨ
⡣ĻôͼǵʮжϻԪ֮ٻ׳ֽڵ㡣
ҵǾߵƫ̫Сˡ㿴簴ƫǵĻԪ֮֮ͨ󽫻ᱻ̯̫ϡħЧпܻ˷
ʵҹġ㿴ߣʮߵλá
ףĪ˼ǡ
ûȻʮϵԪ֮ϡܵߵӰ󣬾ͻǡôħʽĻǾͻֽڵˡ
ϣվسһۡ
⻹ŰơһҪĽԼһֲϣֽͳɱˡ
ⲿֵҲ⣬㿴ֵܷĽߵм䣬ӦҪעƽ⣬ӦΪ˱֤ϵ㲻Ӱ
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ϸλá
ͼм䣬ԭˣһԲ㣿
ǵġ
ܺãܺáˣһֵĸħʽ˰죬û㱾Ĵʲô


һһˣϵĹȻǱħˮƽߣٵȴҲΪԴӽӴħԼԶͬ٭츳Ѿյĸħżʶ
ټ˹ٳһ·ϵľʹڸħһ㣬ԵҲܹϣ۵ò¡
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ȻϣյİºܿͼеһЩ©޸һЩϸڣϣȴҲͼ¶Ź˼Ϊ𶯡
˴˿̣Ѿȫ϶ˣ϶αʷٷɭѧԺеţӦʷٷɭѧԺ
Ȼȷͼ󣬶ͬҪĸħʽȻҪ̽֡
һ֣̽ȴһֱҹֵ̽죬ٴ죬ֵ̽
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٣ҷֻЩʡϣһ̧ͷȴãȻ⣬˳ĿȥŷԭѾ
ղŻãȵϣʶԼȻһ֮󣬺Ȼ͸о޾ƣϮȫĹͷⶼҪɢһ㡣
ϣ̲סԳЦЦ
Ͼ˰ʱ첻˯оһħ⣬ֻһû˯͸оԼҪһ㡣
ĽÿȻҲЩƣȴȻȵһۣϣͼƬ̣ļ͵ΪֹɣϵĶѾȷˣֻʣһЩС⡣
ãҲϢɡعĵؿϣһۣͻҪͨܲˡ
˰ܵеĿ⣬ϣչһЦðɣҲҪȥϢˣҲϽ˯һˣǼһҪڽо㶨ѵҵоʸһоˣ̫ˣ
˵գϣմЦתȥ
һȻԼһҪģ׷һȴϣ¥еǰ
룬ûſںסȥϢҲá
ڶ¥϶ų̫һ˸Ƿת뷿䣬ڴϣƬ̺󣬱硣


122 Զĵ
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˹ű߽ԭ̻ã༴ҶЭǷֻʱ¡һ߳ã׼ǰһЩݵɹ
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￴ѧԺħԺʦȴûһļͶһͭ壬Ҫ˵һȥ幤ˡ
ļһ˭ȥ
Եıı飬˹޷Ӧùˣȷûб˺˿Сʹ˸ɫҡ
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᳤£ʱ䶼ûһΪʲô鷢ء˿СԴԹص
ʱȷʵһЩ顣˹΢΢һЦûͣ˿С֡ɡ
˿С㵱ͳļݸ˹
һʱڷֻĹһֻܲȻͨ׶вһǧöңȴûиκ˵ļ᳤£֪ôô
һǧң˹һĻ᳤˻ôô˿С㲻Ŀ⣬˹æЦŰڰ֡ðɣҪ̫ˡһǧöպŹоˡ
ооʲô˿СȻʵ
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˿С졣
һԿ˹һļ˿СȻһ飬תҵһļ﷭˷ͳһŵݸ˹
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˹ٷģĪСӵˣ˹ȻҡͷԣСӦŵôŹ˵Ҳ֪ҺҶЭĹϵ
ȥ˹ô֣˿С۾һȻȴаĵˣӡ̡һΪѧͻؼء
˹Цſ˿СһۣİɣСûôȥ˹һ˳ĻҪڷǿöˡףȻǵ˹ǸһţһﻹʲôҪ˵ġ
˹ϵЦݣڿżĺ̡
Ƭ̺ȫģϵЦʧΪء
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ϣǸСӼɡ
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ӳģʮϤһɫӡиӻƵ컨塣
һԼѾ;˹ٳƤŵħڵһ
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ҪǽǲܰЩ϶·ãһˣֺһ䣬һתͷһ£ŭιǱǸģôôųɻǲ͵Ǽһﶼеʲôɻô˵Ȼ͵
ȻָָԼٴ
ָʲôָ˵ľ㣡ϽɻҪǽ컹ûãҪ˵ǣҲҪ
ҡҡͷԼΪԱˡ
뵽챻ϣһҹڰ飬Ҳһֻرɡ
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Щϴ඼һͶϻϣȻһҲʮ֮࣬һ˵·䡣
ŵʦ¸ɻ죬ԷɲȻޱ졣
Ա˻ҪϸϲϵģŸ·䣬ȴֻ۾һֱ
һЩ۽ΪӽģȴҲֻõУͨӦ̺Ԫ֮ٵذǷ
̶ֻ̰Сʱ·ѷŵĲϱѾ˵ܺ͡
Աᣬһ˵Ա²棬һǸԱ˲ϣڿٵĶ󣬱ȵõɴ۾û˵


123 ʷٷɭֶʮһ
ȻԸħһϲͨƾϵۺĶԼıҲóЩϷӦò
ǰСʱȥѾʮѲϷֱźãԭҵĲϴʱҲһɨա
֣վһָָۣһѱرֿȴȻ߰һĲϡ
һȫѾȫʧԪ֮Ԫ֮ٵķƷˡ
ӣȻǶѲһۣȻǱ˲˽һ㿪ʲôЦѲֵöңȻ˵ȫӵ
ǷƷӵô죿Ȼ
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٣ˣ벻Ȼˣ
ӸһڣǰԺſںȻһϤ漴ͷ׷ϣճںԺ
ףڸʲôԺΣϣȻʵƳһۣϣüͷУСôϻزǸ߹㸸ףٵô
ԭŵı飬ڼϣյһ˲ȫתΪ˹˳˿ڨЦҡⲻǸսһô뵽ȻǺû϶ҪչԼ˲Ŷԣ㿴ⲻô
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ҲҡϣдҵĴǧҸϡ
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뿪ϣ̾һŻͷ
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ȻһЩϸ˻з磬ЩֻΪ˶ڸħĲͬɡ
ϣպһڽԼħɱӣϾˣڽԼɱŽִ̬ţһЩϸϣŶһЩϣһЩõĲ߸ħЧͬΪԭһЩϸϲ̫ں
෴ڱ֤һĸЧͬʱκϸڣСһߵĴϸ̣֮ľЩħʦĵطҲһҪ
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СӣҺӴôʱ䣬֪ˮƽҪ㵽ǲһħʦˡ
΢΢һЦ
ڸħʦԣһ˵ΪһħʱҪͨεĸħʵգԶڸħϵ˷ѣʵħʦھεĸħʧܺ󣬶ѾЩľˣ̫⡣
ؽϵģʵЩࡣ
ˣͼˡϣյȻϾ˶ѾɵͼοЦ˵㣬ħϿԼٷ֮ʮħ˺Ϳɾȫ˶ħķħ˺⣬ǿЧҲ˶١˵ϣպٺһЦҪǱǰﳰЦҵϼһ֪֪ǻʲô顣
̲סЦЦ
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ȻˣеĴʼ˲ʡƤŵ˵ٺõĸħƣûоʵħ֤£ֻһЩݶѡҸͷħϣճ˳ͼȻƳħôһҪͷˡ
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ⲻһ
ʲôһϣյ۵СǲǾúʶʱ䲻Բϸʵ
ֻܼЦϣȻʮˣôСһûе˼ء
Ȼ˵õҲûԼʶһ죬ôܰ鶼
ãСӼȻ˵ʵҲ㡣Ȼûˣô˹٣ӦúҿʼĲһʷٷɭѧԺġ㵽ʲôѲ˰ָ
ȻһۣͷȻûĻȴҲǱ
뵽ղ𡰹ǰϼһһͷǵģξ˹ǰʦһѣʦ˵о˵ϣһָ
ʦѽʲô
ҡҡͷûңֻǸһַѵַݸϣաȥˣǼʮûס֪Ǽӵ˭ô
ʷٷɭֶʮһţϣһʦλѿǸﰡ
ЦЦ˵õһ
ʷٷɭֶʮһšʷٷɭֶʮһšʷٷɭֶʮַôôأϣ˼飬ȴ벻ɣȥһħʦᣬһ֪
ȵľ仰վ
ھô
ϣһ㶣һۣЦ
Сӻż㣬ûǸħʦԣûֽһܡߣ
ļͷ뿪С
Ͻϡ


124 ħʦܲ
½һĶ꣬ħʦΪħ֮񡱵ķ˹ɶʷٷɭڴʷٷɭѧԺ֮󣬺Ȼȫ½иħʦ飬һͶʿᡢħʦƵĸħʦר֯
Ϊ˹ɶʷٷɭڴʷٷɭѧԺ֮ʱõľ޴Զͬ٭ĸħˮƽһ˴½ϾħʦӦԼ֧֡
ʱ£½ĸħʦ֯༴ֽĸħʦ
ڸħʦ֮ʷٷɭһϵڸħʦҵչƶȺ͹淶
еĹ˺ܶѣʷٷɭԼߵĸԼǿĽųе谭ȷһ׺͸ħʦصĹ
ħʦŬ£Ҳ𽥷չɱȫ½иħʦΨһͬĸħʦ֯
ʱգħʦѾ½϶ȹʷȻԱǨȴһֱȫ½ΪӴ֮֯һ
ԱԼ֯Ժ͹淶ԣ½ӵǧʷĶʿħʦᶼв硣
һ㣬ҲǺܶ฽ħʦǳԺһ顣
ڵ½ϣ˵һħʦ͸ħʦȫûйϵǾ޿ܡ
ͬ⡣
ȻΪп˵ĹϵڲȥμӶڸħʦ˵ΪҪĵȼˣΪһħʦ㲻μӿˣķҲһ͹򽻵
˹ٳ֮ǰѾȻ˹٣ôȻҪиħʦеʥءħʦܲ
ֻǣû뵽Լô졣
ǹܲôϣյǰһƽĽʵ
ôͨǲǣֱ飬ϣտǿöˡ
ÿһһħʦܲˣ϶⸱顣
ȷħʦܲռԶһסլҪ֮⣬ûκγ֮
һȴţһʯ棬էͨסլû
ΪԶܲĴŶЩ߲ûĶһ˿һĸû֮
Ǻͨ˰ΣֻľȻͷ
ʧôϣջһߵȴȻָָţʾԼһȥ
ղŵһۿʱȷͦʧҷܲáһȥһػش𡣡Ϊҵľ飬Խ滪ĵطʵԽʵʡ
СӽŶ󣬻ľ顯ϣճŪ˵ûʷٷɭľ񣬸ħʦܲһΪ½иħʦı֯Ҫ飬װ档һϣǷǳͬġ
˸һ߽ܲţûźʲôʱӭһˣϣպ󣬱
Ӵⲻϣôһôпյܲ
ˣϣ۾һûصô˹һҾͲ
˹˴ӦñϣСһЩȴҲӦʮꡣ
ϣյĲޱ߷ͬ˹һͷһ˿Ķ̷ȴһ˿ϵĳҲ̵һ˿塣
ҿû˵㲻ֻôпհˡ˹ûмϣն죬ϣԵһۣȵʲôˣ
˵ҺʶŲţϣպٺһЦ
ʶ˹һ飬ͷţҸﲻšϣһʲôϡ档ȻỨôĹһһħ棬ǡ
˹ҡҡͷһϧģ
ǰĻΪ仰ϣٲҪ˹һֻǽΪоɹѾãȻúѴࡣ
ٺ٣˷ʱ䣿ѹûʸоԺϣҲҡҡͷͬϧس˹һۣ֣źұߵȥ
ϣյķ̣˹ɫһ䣬Ҳû취ɵı顣
ҪڷʱϣȴѾʧȵתǡ
ϣմʦղ˵оԺǡָħʦڲĲú濴ͬͨջĴĿ⣬ϣʵ
ҪҴʦһҶħʦϣüһ䣬Ȼ͵оԺʵǹܲһţҪǰһĵļһۼһ̽оħµĸħҲãԾɵĸħĸҲգֻ֮ҪǺ͸ħصооԺ漰
ʱ۷Ź⡣
һǺһǿħʦɣ
ǿǿҲ֪һšƢеǸ㶮ġ
е֣ﲹ䡣
ʵϣճ˶ԸħоΪ⣬Ҳ̸϶֡
ڸħʦڲһ··˲ٹڲĹԱڼϣһˣȻЩ֣ȴû˵ʲô
ɴ˿ɼϣֻ²ֹƤŵħеĵλܸߣڸħʦܲĵλҲͲŶԡ


125 Ǹ
ȺǰȻʣһССͥԺǰ
ͥԺռز󣬴ֻ䷿СͥԺڻľɽˮȴһ٣õüΪ¡
ͥԺ棬һԼͨСĶС¥Դ͹ܲһƬĸ߲γԱȡ
оԺ˰ɡ
ʱͥԺ˾һһһ˫ƤѥָƤѥϲ˵ʲô
յʱתۼ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˱㼤ҵ
첱Ӵֵģǲ֪˿ֻ»Ϊ֮ʲôԹ
ֱϣպߣ˲ŷӦ
ףϣգСôˡһע⵽˵ģƤѥˡ
ڳƺϣաСӡ⻬ͷƤϽļ׷ƺҲû
ǰϣգ㲻ڼоǸʲôʲôǸһħôһͽȴҲӦʮҲʵ
ǸħͷĸϣյһۣŭĿȻָָİ£ҵоѾˣǿоɾ˵ô塣
ѾˣͬʱȵⲻǲŹûô
ȵȡһӦ죬Ȼָָղ˵İɵģСһ
ٺ٣벻ɣϵľȱ飬ϣյЦʵ׼ȷ˵Ҳİ¡
⻹࡭һǸʲôоȻֻһħѶҲССһôס
һû˵ءϣհһۣʵҵоǰͳˣеһЩֱСӣȻóһƣҾñҵЧҪõö࣬ǿ
˵۾ѾɵüϣյĻѾ޲ۿ
˵ʲô˵СӡóһЧõƣ
ϣգڿЦɣ
ǲǿЦһǿ˾֪ˡϣհ˰֣ͷԶС¥ȥ
˻һۣ֪ϣ˶֪飬ٴξسһۺϡ
ϣպ˵ĶԻȻڶȴû̫⡣
еע˿̶ħʦеƤѥϡ
ֻƤѥôô죿
Ҫ߽С¥ʱڰ಻סеĺ棬ָƤѥʵʡֻƤѥģ
ϣպ˶һ㶣ôֻƤѥȤ
ϣողŵĽܣ˶˼ӣƤѥĸħʦǰӿ˹ֻģ˵ĸħһħѧԺеһ꼶ѧƷ
ԱߵĹͷħʦҡҡͷ˵ʵҲ̫һһ꼶ѧɵġֻƤѥϵĸħȻֻǺܼ򵥵ĶħҲûʲôĵطȷȸߵÿ¡Ǽղо˰죬ĸħȻͱ׼ͼϵһģһͼһҲˣħÿһϸ϶͸ħʽҪȫûκʵ˾ˡ˵ͷħʦҡҡͷ̾˵ʵħҲδܹز
ֻ㣬ҲСһĸħʦҲҡͷ̾˵ʵ˾ȷ£˾ÿµĸħҴǰֻһ˵Ʒϼ벻ܳһħһһ꼶ѧĻǿѵõŰ
˶Դ˱ʾ̾ǰƤѥİ׷ħʦȴһŸƨź«ưĶپȷʲôãּһиħҲǸħԶɲ˴ʦܳΪҶħʦ
⻰ͷħʦҡҡͷû˵ʲôħʦȴˣôֻ֪ű׼ͼħֻһһ꼶ѧĻ֤ͻСкܴķչռ䡣ʱкܴĿܴƳ棬ΪҶħʦҲǲܵ£
׷ħʦĸħʦһۣЦڹô꣬ҼŻôСʱٳɫһͨͨһô
ḽħʦȻ粵Ǽò٣ܹɵ˾ȷģǰɾֻһˡѵˣǸ˻ʲôɾô
Ǹˡϣڣ˺Ȼ̾һϵıԵüΪϧ
ûǸ˵ĳɾ͵ȷߡԶʮһͳΪҶħʦֻ²ǿǰҲǾˡţҸҿ϶ʷɾߵĸħʦϧһΣ׷ħʦûٷḽħʦĻ
ǰ̾ϢҡͷϧԭֻǷССˣʱ˾캧ˡ
ǿеġǸˡ˭Ȼõ˸ߵۣ
ΪֻƤѥʮ죬̲סһ䡣
ڵֻ֪ƤѥȻǴӿ˹ֻģصǾȷѾ϶ֻƤѥӦþڷѧԺڲϣſбʱɸħֻƤѥ
ǵõʱɱֻƤѥħԺսȥΪѧԺڲ̵ļ¼ôȴ˸ħʦῲ˹ֻУֱת͵ˣ
ħʦħĸħʦۣû⣬Ϊʵ׷ħʦ˵òûд
ֻű׼ͼɸħĸħʦԶܳΪĴʦӲܳΪиħʦĿꡪҶħʦ
ڷѧԺʱ仰Ⲣ
ԴʧȥȰѾȫͶ뵽ͼ͸ħʽоϺ㷢֣νı׼ͼʵΨһ
ħʵûй̶ģʽԡ
ԼԸħʱȴǰ漸۵ķȻ˸䣬תˡǸˡϡ
ʮһͳΪҶħʦ
仰ʱֱԼĶ䣡


126 ħʦܲ
֮ǰһҶħʦбȻֳһ׷ԲԣƣǶˣȴܰһʮ˺Ҷħʦϵϡ
ΪΪħʦռĿ꣬ħʦҶħʦΪ̡
ҪΪҶħʦħʦĸħˮƽﵽߵˮƽǱԸħѧķչһס
һѣΪͳƣֽ½ϵ弶ħʦܼѾһǧ
ÿһ弶ħʦʵĻԳΪҶħʦ
ѵǵڶ
νԸħѧķչһףǿɲǱ˸ħˮƽ߾ܽ⡣
ħѧķչѾݱһŷǳģ༫࣬רҵѧƣҪͻǰ˵оڸħѧչĹףǿɲܴɵġ
˿еġǸˡڶʮһôʱ;弶ħʦˮ׼øħʦΪҶħʦĹʵе𾪡
˵ġǸˡ˭ʮһͳΪҶħʦˣһܳɣΪʲôû˵Ƭ̣ڻǰ಻ס˳
Ƴһۣתͷϣգش
ϣɫЩΣһʵĻͲҪˡ
Ȼ
ȻǸˡĳɾôߣΪʲôǻԸ֣
ʱѾ߽С¥һһǳĴʮ䲻ȣͿҲʮĸħʦľһ𣬼߽ϣմк
ϣԵ
˺߽ʱ˶һ㶡
˭
ϣմģȥͷħʦϣŬŬ졣
ĿۼϣһߴһϢҵоڳɹˣ
ѻȸ
ûӦϣɫסЩΣ߳ŭصιǲҪƲһħҪƵúõĻһħԺħᲢ۵ģ
һȻһЦ
˵ϣգòЩоʱ̫࣬ԴͿ˰ɣ
ǣʲôЦһħôܺħȣ
ϣգ֪֤омֵҲҪһͺܼٵĻѻɣ

ϣձ򶨣ʱŪ˶ˣֻܶĳŪȴҲЩԽܡ
ԼϣǺƤӻͳɵͼصϡ˵аѻϣ˳оԺ
˶ʱȻ
һղ׷ħʦǿЦЦϣգҶֻǿЦ档ʵоҲش󣬵ͼħĳɱƣһֱǹἫ׷ġֻгɱ͵˶ܽܵĵزҲŻװϲȡħǸħʦŻиĻᣬ˵ô
仰ȴתΧ˵ġ
ǰʦ˵ûǰЩ᳤ر˵оԺӴһЩڸħɱƵоôϣо˵ϻ᳤Ҫ󡣡
Զԣϣմʦо尡ڴ½ϵĵͼħʦЩͼʿħʦ֪ˣһġ
˵Ҳ뵽һڸħؼס̵ĸħоϣⷽǳɫء

ˣ졣ϣղͷشˡҲҪοҡĲ˳оԺĻԼͼ˵ûд
ֻεشյߣʼоͼ
˻Щģֻͼһۣϵıʱ
ͼʵӱ
ԣǰûơӸħʽͼиħĻͻֻͷħЧپ߱Чȴϣյġ
ԣоĿľϣյشȴȻ̾˿ϧо˺üĳɹȴСӼСʱĲͼ˰
Сӣ
ע⵽Ĭ
ϣգ˼ǡͼƳģϵıǲ˼顣
Ȼͼȷǹһħûͣôƣ
ȻҲһЩ޸ģǴƵûϣտ϶ش
ɣ
Ȼһתͷͼ
ԭǻܹͣƳһµͼѾܲˡǵϸͼȴòΪͼиܵƶеȡ
ϣսϸħʽǽһЩͼеƺĿ⣬ѴĮӣתΪ𾪡
ˣϣգ˵ʼͽĸħʦһȻ뵽ʲô
԰ȫأôˣʲôô
أ
ղͥԺеħʦ࿴һۣٳ˳ֻݺͱ׷ħʦǽǵƤѥĿ¶ϡ
㡭ǲǴӿ˹ģ
ͷԼѾǲ˳
Ȼ㣡
ḽħʦ˰׷ħʦһۣȻЦ
ʦô˵
׷ħʦ۴һ˵ͷ
ܺáСӣûʧ


127 帽ħ
Դӿ˹ֻֻƤѥ͵оԺֻƤѥоԺһ⡣
ҪزֻƤѥϸħļȾȷΪݾȷǸѾΪ˼е֡
ڸħľȷȷ棬ǻǵһοһħʦܹ͡ǸˡᲢۡ
Ƕħĸħʦͳ˺档
֪ħʦվǰһһֻʮˣͬʱƳһΪ֮̾ͼĿʱø
ȻĿǰȻܺ͡ǸˡᲢۣȴк͡Ǹˡͬȷµĸħͬʱӵ˾˵Ķͼ⣬඼мֽӽ
㹻ʱ䣬ҲܹΪ͡Ǹˡһĳš
ˣڵ֪ɵĸħȻ˳ɫϣҪӸоϧ
ħԼٷ֮ʮħ˺ͺħҲ̫ࡣϧһ˵ħʦɸħЧѴﵽеЧҹ£ħЧӦڰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮ֮䡣ϣտ˿̾ϧûˣȻħĻˮƽ˵ϣͻưٷ֮ʮģﵽİٷ֮ʮ塣һ
ȵȣϣյĻղ˵ʲôûˣ
˶ЩȻؿ
ǵģΪԭʧȥû취ɸħ
һ츳˳ɫһˣȻʧȥ
üͷһ壬ʵлָĿô
Ц̯֣Ҳ֪ʵ˵˹٣ʦһλѣ˵˵԰һָȥʦĵַȴûסˡ
ʷٷɭֶʮһţ˭֪ǰס˭ϣղ
ʷٷɭֶʮһţȻ漴ɫ֣صؿȷַû
ʦַӦⲻǵһοˡ
ǵģʦҵĵַȷ
ûǴĻǰסĿʷٷɭѧԺԺҶħʦŵ˹˹
˻Ȼ
Ȼǵ˹ʦ
Ȼ
ۣʦ˭ѾȻǵ˹ʦʦһҲ򵥰ɣ
˸еԾȴֻбǻԾ
˹֮ǰ˹ʦѻΣȻ²⵽ԷȻпܰԼָôʵһȴûУҲ󣬶ԷȻһҶħʦ
ʷٷɭֵԺ
ҵʦֻǿ˹ǷѧԺħԺһͨʦˡԳ԰شֻһħʦ
ѧԺħʦüëһʦǲǽ÷塤˹
ǳԾ
ô֪
徹ȻҲһЦһڰ֡ˣһжˡȻʦһǺܶͶ˵ͨˡ
ϣڣ÷塤˹ֺҲһȻı顣
ֻĪ
Ϊʲô˹ʦ֣Ǿͺʲôˣ
庰һȴԥһ£Ȼ˹û˵Ҳøʵ飬ǵʱԼ˵ɡҪʧˣúܲʱ򡣡
ʲô˼
Ҫҵǵ˹ʦĻǺź˹ʦǰ뿪˹ٳǣ˵ȥһҪ飬ʲôʱǿɾ˵ˡ
˹٣ǰȫϣ˹ʦλϡ
ڣȻڣ
һʱ䣬ЩãȻ
㾡ܷġ˹ʦֲǲˣ˹ٰȥϣհο˵ˣ˹ָܹĻ˵Ҳǲǣ
԰˵㵽ôʧȥģ
ǣϽǡôˣȻûһҶħʦɼѵܰô
˶츳ʹ˷ѣȫĵҪ⡣
˰Σҡҡͷ
лλĺ⣬ҵʵЩ˵
ʲô˵ģϣղصСôµģ˵㱻ͱһʧȥҲš˵ô£
ͱһȻ
ϣͺҲϣһ顣
ֻܵ˺Ļܵʧġһбԭɣ

ʦƬ̣Ȼץ֣һ̽
ûüһѾ֫иʵԪ֮һ
·Ǵһ㣬ԭƽԪ֮ܵÿ
ȫѪӿǰһڣһһѪѾ
˴ʧɫ
ʦĶҶ̽ڵ
ֻ̽һ£Ѫ
ʦҲ¶죬ջȴ˰Ѿ¡
ͶѯʵĿ⣬ʦɫһ³ĸ֡
帽ħ


128 ׵²Ұ
ҹƤŵħеǼСס¡
ڴϣϢƬ̣µǿѪȻоЩΪһܺãҲû̫Ӱ졣
֪ʦҲǺ⣬ûй
ʦ̽ڵ˵ĸ֣ȴʵеľ
帽ħ
Ȼô
ڵһ̽ԼͼʱԼԼز²ӦþǴ˵е帽ħˡ
Դһʮǰĺ׵²Ұ֮󣬸ħʦͰ帽ħΪ˽ɡ
κһħʦҶħʦֻҪо帽ħ帽ħʹһϣͽħʦ߽
һ֣ħʦħʦḽħʦʸ񣬲ջǰͨħʦõᱻħʦΪ档
˵ħʦ᱾ûɱ˵ʸ񣬵Ϊħʦ͸һиħʦħʦΪ棬ôڸħʦȦ½κһ䣬Ҳ֮
Դ֮󣬱ٸħʦо帽ħӴ伣
ΪʲôԼϻУ
ϸһԼСľȻǰһòκδ𰸡
۾һ£ڵѾָ֫ӿԪ֮ûܵκӰ죬Ȼȶš
ͼ˿ǰЩӣȴһЩǳ΢Сı仯
ֱһȻ
ͼӣڶڸħĳǿ⣬ȴȻκζߡ
Ҫ˵ͼԭҪ˵ͼͼΪʲôôȫûаͷ
ֻܿ϶帽ħĸħʦûж⣬ֻħʦҲû뵽ϱͱһͼȻ˹ı仯ʧȥɡ
ȴͻȻһܽŲӳ˼оѡ
û˯ɣϣյ
æ´һվŵĲֹϣգһϤˡ
ϣմʦʦˡ
ȥ˵ʦɫ֣أֱָָ˽
˷ֱʦһֱʵ˽帽ħô
ҡͷ
ŶҲôʣ㲻֪ǿ϶ġʦ룬ʵ֪׵²Ұôô
֪ڸħչʷϽͷ
˵˵׵²Ұô£
ֵĳһۣ˵ݵλ϶Ҫ˽Ķˣôʳ⣿
Ȼɻȴɫ׵²ҰǷһʱӱ׵³ǵһ׮ҰʱһħʦΪ˴ĿģͬʱһٶԼƵ帽ħƵƫһٶ帽ħȫ˸ֵ֢״һڷֱʷƺ׵²ҰֳĪҰ
Īһٶ帽ħĸħʦ
ڿѧϰҰʱ򣬾ôܵôʦ׷ʵʦûиĶ
ҡҡͷ̵ʱʦֻǾǲҪȥͼо帽ħȻǾԻǰ;ˡ
٣ֶԽǽֹ˽ӴԽȥӴʦ¶мô˵帽ħ˵һ֪ˣ
ɡ
ǺáʦϣһۣԼͷʾ⣬ϣҾͽ˽һ帽ħ
̲סɴ۾ʦǽ
ȻЧ˵ôٺ١ʦЦЦˣҪ˷ʱˣϸ˵
æ죬
ν帽ħԴİٶǰʱиħʦ֣ȻħܹװɣȻҲܹɡͨħʹװߣôͨ帽ħǲҲߣ
ʦ̲ס
ʦ͵ؿһۡûνʦʵͨϵʱԸħߡ
Ϊʲô帽ħʦȴûʡ
ʵúáڴôΪʦԵġԵġͬ׵²Ұĺʦ˶٣ֵӦ֪ħһɣǱħĿܵ𻵣ôһǺʧЧġҪı丽ħЧǽиʽħ總ħĶװĻȻɸħʦġأ
һװħʦεʧܣȴΪװҪö࣬ҲܵħЧӰ졣һ帽ħʧܣ߸ħЧкǽпܲԤϵĺ
ʵ׵²ҰķĪı⡣һٶ˶Ǻ׵ͷĹˣΪĳԭϣǿĪеһ˽ܺãס˵İŸǽ帽ħͼǵ
ϵ飬Զ档帽ħ֮һٶ˵ȻߣǱȴӦͻȻߵټĪƲƣһٶ˶ܵ˲̶ͬȵķɣ½ǰȥ˵ʱ½ĺ׵²Ұ


129 λʦ̽
˵ʦ̾һ
׵²Ұ֮󣬵ʱȫ½ڸħʦ˵жħʦҲΪиħʦǰ;ǣֱӰ帽ħΪ˽ɡʵҪ˵
Ҫ˵帽ħɲȫǻ£ҲԲܶĶϣսӿڵ
˵ѯʵ
˵ϵǸͼϣָָĸ
ڸħʦʱ򣬵ʦ̽ϾȻ帽ħ֪ȥҲûãȫϳ
֪ϵͼȻֵĹܺ˶һ
ʵЩٶ帽ħһЩ˽⣬ȴû˵ʲô帽ħϵء
ֻϾڸħʦܲ帽ħʺϡ
ʦϣմʦԼ̸
ͨ˵ǿԿ϶帽ħĸħʦûж⡣ʦֵΪʲôҪ㲻֪帽ħͺ˷ѽˡ˵һҪһ帽ħҲҪöԷͬ⣬Ϊ帽ħĺԤϡǸ˵ļû˶
ǵģҿԿ϶һ㡣ϾҲǸħʦɸħҲûκη
һͬ⡣ʦͷôǿԼٶʵϵ帽ħɵʱӦ㻹ûмʱСʱбľôԭҵðֻ֪ǲ˳㸸ĸעʱħġ
ǿЦЦӦûУҵĸĸܰңǲܶҵġ

ʦվת˼Ȧƺδ⡣
壬ǲҪ˵ЩûõĶ˰ɣǽҪġʦתȦʱϣ̲סڵ
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ղʦѾ帽ħΣ˵ôףȴҪԼһ帽ħ
ʦϣ˵ƷˮƽǲẦԼǲ֪Ϊʲôֲ
Լͼ򵥣һ帽ħĻ˵ʲô仯
ɫԥʦϣնһۣ˵ͷ
֮ǰǾͺ½帽ħ¹شô״Ӧġ
˲ߴ٣βһ
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΢΢һЦ
Լͻ룬ʱƳǸͼֻҲû취ϣչϵôãӲܸоԺЩˡ
ûмʦˣҲ֪ԭ˹ʦϾȻҲôܡ
˸׼뿪ʱϣȴȻ뵽ʲôͷˣղǼ飬ǹĽ飬㲻Ҫñ˷ˡ
ͷϣֵУ磬ӢսҪʽʼˡ㻹μӲμӣμӵĻͷҰֻ
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װͬ谭帽ħɹ⡣
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һͨħһĸħʦֻҪͨѧϰԿͬȼ帽ħ
ȻΪħĲͬ帽ħʱ϶ԸħʦҪߡ
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Ȿ˵ʵ帽ħͨħûʲô𣬶Ƚװϵĸħħʦڱ帽ħ׽иſơ
ΪνħǸħʦͨŲеԪ֮Ĺ
ӺζǸħʦͨΧԪ֮תġ
˵νеԪ֮ΧеԪ֮ʵ˵˸һֶ
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ЩԪֲ֮ңӦòɡһҧҧˣƴˣ


131 ԡ
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Ȼһõôȴǿȷ棬ǳ־öȷ档
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132 
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ЩĶէۣЩĶȴƵȱݣͼѾ
⡭ħʦãȻ
ǹôģ
Ҫҵͼԭ
˶̵ʱڣȻͰԼȱݶ޸ˣ
Сӡʲôˣ
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ħʦһһףΣȻ쳤̾һȻʩһħʦͨڡ
лָ˵꣬תӣǸصʵڱǸβǸħϵ⣬ҵʧʧҽȫе
죬Աٿħʦһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ħʦ˶ͷϴˣûκƤŵе鷳
ħʦִӻͳһöҷڹ̨ϡ
⳥Ƥŵεʧ
ȻǰԥƬ̣λʦ֪ûʱٺᣬָһ
Χ˾һ
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ڸղɸħʱֻͼϵʱԼķḻʵ˳һ¸Ķѣ벻ھȻħʦԼˡ
˰ɣһ飬ʱ뿪һԼöĸħʦͷʾ̣ɫΡ
ħʦ̧ͷһֻۣ̾һڹ̨ϷһöңȻɸħǼƤףת뿪С
ʣҿԼٴΣֻæ׷ħʦȥ
뿪Աʱһһͷ̨ϾȻöңǾ÷·һ㡣
һ˵ȡֵĿˣܹǴߣʱȴΪҪ˼еѪܹöԷͷϴҪ˵⳥ġ
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ʮͬĲ϶һ׬ȴֻһݲϺһƤ׾õˡ
뵽˴ԱǿĿ⣬ʱ˳ݡ
ܹϣմʦһоţ
ȴûô࣬»ָܹɸħҸС
ǰûʧȥʱ򲻾ãʧ֮ŷ֣ܹӵܹɸħһô˿ĵ顣
ֱԱ飬ŴӰϲлָ
ϣմʦǰǿʱһ£總ħӢսҪʼˣμӵĻ벻ҪԶ
ô̧ͷһɫִ¸չ峿룬ԱЩ³ȥһˣ
ԱͷӦˡ
ת뿪дţһ·ȥ


133 ˹Ů
Сʱٴγʷٷɭֶʮһǰ
ǰһʱȣûκα仯ϴ˻ڽֶͬλɹ̫
˼ңôã̲ס˸Ц
ȣ˼ֻ䣬ȡ̫ɹ˸ЦŻشһ䣬˳Ȼϳ㲻ϴǸСôôˣ
ǰ⼸쿴ô
ֻʣ˭֪˾Ȼͷ룬Уǰ졭Ŷ졭ǰ죬ǰ磬и·Сһǰ˿ˡ
ǰ죿ǰĿҡֹҲûȥ˵Ĵ󡣡·С˭
۴һȻЦ
٣СӣǰǸС￴ͺˣǲʲôϵҿǸС˲Ҫúô

˻ǣǸ·С˭֪Ķʲôúô
ͣͻȻһ߳
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ԼʮԶһԼʮ塢꣬԰ͷһϮµŮȻ
תŮԴһͷɫ˰㵴һĴ⣬ͷһɫˡ
٣أذɣӿ˹Ǹ
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˼ඣŮһ֣˷ܡ̫ˣȵˡ
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Ůӿڴͳһֽ
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Цõҡҡͷ
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ΪʲôŮüҿǺò׵ȵ㣬ҪˣҵĶȥҪүүûҵ㣬һҵġ
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Ȼֻʮ塢꣬ûг죬ŮҲ˷䣬£ɾ˿еС
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Ҫܡûػһ䡣
Ϊ˭֪һ£ȴЦ
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ǳˣֱֻ׶ȥ


134 µľ
׶вûмϤĳ壬ΪѾȥˣûжʣֻʼĴڣֱ˼ųȥ
Ů۾ܼ⣬һ۳һŷСɯ֣ʱȡЦӦŮӰɣ벻㿴ľͷһļһŮдء

⼸ʵֻǷֱĸԼ˹ʦпסɯ˱һƽ˳ԼѾָˣǲҪġ
˿˵һͬ˹ٳǡ
ʱȻҪȥѧԺȥ
ָĺϢȻǵá
׶УŮһ·϶ѯʹڡɯ顣
ʲôɯˣɯʲôӣƯƯɯʲôģɯϲϲ㣿ɯ
һⶼûشȴȻʵˣһ֪֡
Ůһ漴ЦֱѯŮֿǺܲòŶ
˷ۣ˵˵
οʲôŮһ䡣
Ҳ֪ô£ŮһһᵭȻˣҲԵЩĸꡣ
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ˣҸǣôСתߣŮ챧ԹҽɯʲôͲ˵˰ɡ
ɯתŮһۣͷ֡
ú޳⡭ٴתߣŮæϡ
ղ˵Դүүߺÿ춼ҪʷٷɭȥһˣںòȻԸŪˡ
»صƤŵħʱֵʱ֡
ſǰĿյϣһȺΧʹǫ̃ææµµΪ缴ʼı׼
һȺгһϤӣ챻ϣѵĿС
ϣմʦôЩ֣ȴûʣɯ˹ƹ̨ӣС
Сڻˡ
һ߽ţͿϣպڴкȲ衣
߽ţϣкһĿɯϡ
Ȼϵɯġ
ⲻɯôôϣָָ
ϣүүãүүáɯǰһֵģڼˣȴֵüΪ˳Цеʩʺáүү֮ǰԸңҵҼȥסղŸպˡ
үүôԸģϣպһۣд档
ŵ˹˹ֽ½ϽеʮҶħʦ֮һһʷٷɭѧԺԺĴôרŶԼŮӴһ˵ʲôɯӵȥס
Ϊ÷塤˹ԵʣĴҲЩ˰ɡ
ȻˡүүרŶңҲôȻÿϼһءɯԹ
ϣչһЦϴβԹû˿ôںˣ㡣
Уһ档ɯ
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ϣղЦ㵱ĳôԼ뷨ġڰִɯ磬ʵʵڼȻѾָˣɲȥҵ˹ʦȻ˹ʹĸħˮƽܸߣѧϰһʱ䣬㽫İܴ󡣡
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135 
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ڷʲôˣԺ㿴ʱ򡣡ͽŵɯվǰۿΧͲסߴٵ
ҡҡͷɯǸӣľĻʵЩ롣
ϵļ򵥱˽ȥ
ЬˣˣĽŲɣһ߽ţɯԵСľгһ˫ƳɵЬǰ
ԼŲʼ磬Ьڵ
һֱͨڣԼһ׵ȣֱһųķ俴ǸмڷһķľԱȴֻӡ
֣ľݷÿͺ٣ɯĸˣҲҪӰɡ
Ȼɯȴûʱȥ룬Ьʹ˳ӣȷĽŲ̫ŵͷұߵһָָ
үүǰ˵ˣԺסǼ䷿䡣Ҿʲôүү׼ˡ
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ƿɴһÿԿԶС
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طȴǱƤŵħлҪõöˡ
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ƶȿǸħʦʵ˼ģȻİ
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ת˲䣬ղŻŵʮСå˼Ů⣬ʣµʮкȫſڵϺߺҲվ
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ףɯڴ򱧲ƽ
ʿʵЩûа似СåǴ򱧲ƽƺЩԴС
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ɯѵЩСåһͨ󣬵ǰ
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ɯһĶʿʲôֻҪ۸ˡ
ðɡҲ֪ʲô˼̾˵֤Ļ˹ʦ֪֤ô
ʵ˭ںҪ֤Ϊүү֪ôֻܲסҰˡɯٺһЦ˵ؿڣЦʵδֻۿҵˡԺҪǸһ˼һȭͷұ⡣˵ɯԼСȭͷ
ʱЦá
ι㿪ʼ˵ҼȻ˹ʦģӦÿԷĵô
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ֻÿЦ


136 ɯ
ת뿪㳡ʱɯĿԼϴָϣɴָݸ
Ҫʹ󷽷˵αڵģˡ
εЦЦӹָףָ
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⻹һμָԲĸħʲôࡣ
ȵõһ̽飬һ
ôɯüʵ
ħü̽һ飬ȷԼղŲûио
ħôˣҿɸ㣬ĸħүүɵģѵ˵òɣ
ǲáƵ̽һߣָ׵ݻɯ
ʵղŵһ̽ͷˣָϵĸħǰӴ฽ħͬ
˵Ե˹ʦˮƽרΪŮƸȫµĸħ׾٣ȴָ֣ϵĸħʵһ฽ħһ߹ģװϵķ฽ħЩӽ
룬ʵɯ˹ʦħûиħЧ
⵹ûСɯȭͷջ˻Ρүү֪Ҳϲڸħ飬ֻǸҪܵĻôָףĲûиϸ˵˵ֻ˻ȭͷʲôЧȻүүɵĸħЧһܺá
ԥһ£Ǿɯ
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ղɯѵǼСåʱ;ˣɯֳȭǼСåȴֻǸأûܶصˡ
ΪɯˣڿȴΪָ׵Եʡ
ڵ˹ʦΪʲôҪôʱ벻ףҲͼף˹ʦȻ⡣
ֻаոոոӦͼĬĬ㣬ȻԽ㣬ȴԽľ
Ȼͼħӣħȴ漰ԵԪ֮ͼ֮УԵԪ֮һֱӰ죬ȴǵûмħЧЧ˼ļǿ
ַһνӴϸһԽԽС
㵽ͼϵһؼʱȻоԴһۣȻתͷȥͿɯ죬һԹ
ι㵽û˵
˵ʲôͼУЩӦٶۡ
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㲻˵ǸʲôôشﲻһҸﲻأ
϶ϡɯ϶õڻشңԸⲻԸ⣿
ҡüͷסͨԷ˵ʱʲô¡
㲻Ը⣿ɯ۾գգȻһšߣҾ֪㲻ʲôöڳҵסҵģֻһСæģ㡭̫ˣ
֣ɯ⻰ôôŤ
ŤͷһʱﲻԾˡ
⸱ΣֱͺСֱŤһô
ɯ˵ʲôҵסҵġ
˲СŹ֡
ܵΧ·ͶĹĿ⣬Щ
ͶԱͶıӡмȫߣΣȴǰڷѧԺʱܱӴͬ
ðɣҴӦ㡣ڣ̾˿Ӧ
ɯҲҪԼֵ̫顣
ο˵Ļȴȫڵȷڡסġ
ޣ
⻰ȻܱŤ
ӦɯϵԹ˲תΪЦݡ
ɡɯ˹֣ͷ첽ȥ
ƼɯЦݣֻٴοЦ
һΣֵɯڵĿˡ
ɯתֽǣǰһЩĵط
ףⲻð߹ôȻǰ˳Ǹð߹һģһֻǻҪ˼ֵĽѵ񣿡
ȻǣܴôɯһۣͷĴʲôˡ
һĿͣǰһļͺϣʱ˷ܵػֺ
Ǽһתͷɯͬ˵һ֡
ɯ첽Ǽߣδ߽ѾǼ硣
һȴΪȳƣһͷɫ̷кЦ磬ɯˡ㿴ڶʲôʱˣ
ɯ̽ͷð߹ħϿһۣͷˡҪǵˣǿɲҪҰ
Ц
û˭㣬ֻһ׼żкʼ磬Ŀ˼߹ϡλǡ
һ£أʱҼҽסǼҵ󡭡
ɯû˵꣬Ǽͬʱȵҽס
ɫ̷кϵı˾ȣһ˿
ɯﲻֻС
һڣȴɯĻ
һлԡ׶ðСӵĶӳɯЦ濴ºͣʵܿµġ
ԡ׶΢΢һЦûټղŵ⡣
ֻҪǲ⣬Ҳ÷𡣡
Ǿǳ⡣ɯʼ磬Ů
Ͽһ޴ƣü࣬Ҫ߳һͷģǿᡤ
ԣһ͵Ķʿɯ˵ðСӵܣֵҵĹ
ɯĽܣǿ¶һЦݣû˵
һСöкһƤףװذףһ͵Ķʿ
ˡ÷ǿһҵͬͬѧ
ǿᡤĺͬɯܵʱˡ÷ĴתΪ
ɯ꣬ٺһЦ˫һذײ֪ôУ漴תذױ·ɡ
СӣҪ֪ɯ⡣Ȼ
Ȼͷû˵꣬ɯѾһָͷͷϡװᣬһָͷͺˡ
װᵽһ뱻ɯشϣˡ÷ɫΪΡ
յԴ÷һ䣺˵СҽסҪǵ
õ㵣ôɯһۣŽλŮ
Ͳҵͬѧˣֻѡô컹ź·ı򡤿٣ǶħѧԺѧħʦŶ
Ǳ򡤿һͷȻɫ粨˰ͷɢ£ΪĿɯĽܣ̲סһۣ漴Ц֡ãǰҾɯ˵үүиѵѧҪס˵ľɣ
ʵɯ֮ǰԼ֪¡ĵ


137 ָ
ֺΨһԼʾ򡤿գȻһˣǶħѧԺѧ
԰ѧԺô
һӦþʱתѧԺ˿ɭ֪ûУ
˿ɭ򡤿ͷ룬ҡҡͷ˼ûӡ˵תѧԺģ
ͷ
ӦòЩѧΪѾٽѧĩβˣһѧת룬Ҳɴȵѧڿѧġ
ܰɡҲ˳ѯһ£ò𰸣ôʧ
ɯȻһŮȤʵ٣벻ľͷƵļһȻҲŮӿءңǲǸ˿ƯƯ
ƳһۣûشָָֻǸŰۣһֱԵ÷ǳľŮ㻹ûҽء
Ŷ㣬ʲô˿Ҷǽ÷ˡ÷գ㲻Ұɣ
÷յİŮҡͷϵĵЦݷ·𴺷㡣
÷աǶΨһʦ
ʦɶ÷һۡ
ʿħʦԼħʦȣʦɾټöˡ
÷ա˫ֽ档˸ӵơ
԰˹֮ף㣬ԸʱԶ˹Ī
ʦŻ˵Ļ
æͬ˸ӵƻȴû˵ʲô
ˣˡɯһ㣬֡תͷȴԼӦŶˣæǺйˡɵðСӣҪɭ￪ʼʽðˡ㿴ϵװ
Ŀɨ˵ͷ
˵ǵװûиħȫô
벻żǻһصɯЦûҾǸħ
ûڣˡ÷Ȼɣɯ˵ʶĸħʦ࣬㸺ȥҸħʦǡôôСŶͣħˮƽжߣ
ڵһμ˵⻰ɾ˵̫ˡ
ɯ͵͵һۣȴɫûаֱ仯˿˳㶮ʲôʦ޹ģѵ㻹ˮƽ
ʦ޹˶ʱݡ
ʦȻҶħʦ˹ٳҲΪҶħʦ¡Ϊǿĸħʦ
Ȼܹõĳޣ˵ӦЩ֮
У˵ʦֻ˵˵׻
˻Щȴԡ׶ִϡ
ȻɯģǵȻŵùɣվҲáҸط̸ˡ
˵ͷͬ⡣
һС㳡º󣬻ʵһ£Щħ⼸˸Ҫĸħ̫һҪĸħΧ˵ܹ㣬ЩħûգǾͲ̫ˡ
⵹Ҳ޵ķʸ
Ϊħʵ̫̫ӣΪͬҪֵͬͬĸħһЩ죬ԸħʦǴ඼ֻרһϵ߼ϵħȫϵͨ
ԵֱҼħʦԼĸħҪ󣬿ڼȻɯˣȻҪѯһóķ档
һ£һ۳ɯڴĿ⣬ЦЦһͶħӦöû⡣ħ˽úˡ
һɴ۾˼ؿ
Ҳǲ㣬ȷ㡭һͶħû⣿һڡϼʵ
û
ǻڷѧԺʱȻѾһħǸħƤѥٶȲǶħ򵥵һɵҲ˵ԼʹеĶħ
ǾʧúڵǿȻڳ־涼õļߡ
ȻĿǰ·жħͼ͸ħʽûйħʵҲ㹻ԼܹЩħ
϶Ļش𣬻Ե˸Ǿ졣
࿴˼ۣ˺ȻӻͳһݸȻԼذҲ˹
˵úûõģ㵽û£ǿָָԼذס׼øħˣҪбµĻҰذ׸ħãҾ㡣
ӹɨһۡ
㾫ҶɳǹֺצǸħĲϡڵĲϣ˵ͷݲϵĻȶûȷҪذ׶ħ
ɵؾϳĲϣ˿Ŀ㻺˲١
ȻҿǶ֣ذҪǲôУԴص
ǡһеĲϣЩԥҪҪʵ顣
ʲôãµġһԵɯܼԥʱ
ǣȻɯǵȻ㣬ʲôֱ˵ˡҲ
ɯһۣͷָڲвŪһ£ƬӲ״Ĳϡ
ˣЩħϣ
ѧԺһҸħƷģôˣ
Ǽҵôʡ
ôôֻ˼ҵݲϰˣʲôʡ˵Ĳ⣿
ǵġͷӲװĲϷһſʱеĲѾһɫĲҲ˵¶ǾƷ˵ǷƷ
ô᣿Ȼ㲻ǿ˰ɣ
καʾ
˵ΣȻ̾
ȻǱûûҾ֪ǸƤЦģ϶ʲôö˵Щ϶ѡʻ벻
ҪħϵĻһǽȥһЩĵ̣ƤŵħСȻҲƷȷʾƭǣҼ۸ƷҲźԵ𡣡Ѳϰãݻˣ˶٣ֵ⣬ʵݲϵ⵹ֻǴҪҪǣΪʲôҪѡħ
һ
ⲻǷϻôҿǸڹƨɺͱǵģҪذײĻǵƤͱô죿
ҡҡͷָͷ㷸󡣡

һħʵʺذסûĻذ׶ɿϵ˪ɵİɣ
ȻϳǼ֪ĿɿڴΪʲô˵ħʺϣ
˽װõĲǸħʦĻص֮˵ħʺϣΪ˪ԱͲǷ̺ıԡ
ʲôħʺϣ֪䣬ѾȻ򶨵Ľ


138 
Ҫ˵ĻȻ˪ԾеıôʺϵĸħǸħһԴǿذеı
ʲôãüʵ
ôܴ󡣡ָذϷԼȻֱܹӸӦ̺ıԵԪ֮ħЧǵе˺ϵıͨ˿ڣɵѪҺԴ͵˵ƶٶȺͷӦٶȡذױ˪ɣбԣϸħĻһĵˣ˵ֱӰѶԷԭءǿһЩģҲƾذ׼Էжٶȡ
ôզ
ֻƶϡô˵Чһȸħúܶࡣ
һסͷذ׺Ͳ˻ȥ
Ȼô˵һḽħİɣǻͷȥòϾҸħˡ
һоݵĻѾĵ׳ĸħˮƽ
ˣղ˵ҷ󣬳ѡĸħ⣬һأ
ȻʧЦ
벻˻ͦ档
һҾսʽ⡣ղ˵ͱ˸ͱĶ˪ӲȲߣԴʵʺܴײġһ˵˪ǽ͵ġֵ̽Ȼذף֮ԻΪ˪ܽٵײͱĻ²̫á
һʼȻܡ
ָڸħĴ˶Ļ˺ִܶԵͷһῼǵġ
˳ĬԳһ£ʵô㿴ĻǼӦöʲôħأ
ҡҡͷҿ˵ϾħװڴҪʲôЧԼֻˡ
ˡǸ԰ϣɵĸħЧ㣬Ȼѡħ㿴ô
̲סЦЦⱾ븽ħʦõĺʽ벻Ե˾ȻҪԼѺ뵽
ɴ˿ɼ⼸һðվ²ḻ
˵˻Ժ󣬽ͼ򵥶ˡ
ϸʹÿ˵صԼڶҪ𵽵úбѾ˸ħĸ塣
ȵȥƤŵħһˣָĸħ˿ɣϱ㿪ʼħ
ָڶθħ
Ȼϲķ֣ڷѧԺʱ˵ƺѶȻܴĶħͬǰһħһɼ򵥡
Ȼ֪ԼڵѾ˼ߣû뵽ߵķȾȻﵽ˿ŵĵز
еԾģΪڶԪ֮ĸӦҲǰǿö࣬ڸħĹУÿһϸڵĿҪǰӾȷ
ǰɵĸħУصǾȷ
ɵĸħֱþȷֶ޷Ѿﵽ˿Ա֮Ϊ񼣵ĵز
Ŀɿڴؿָͬһװӹ
һɫ߷ֻǲһӣѾһװĸħ
мҲҪκЪϢÿһθħ󣬱ŽһħĲϵơ
ƺУЩħֻͬԷˮһȻ顣
ֻ˲һСʱѾ˳ɯܼ֮ƶʮżװĸħ
÷֡Ǽոµİɫϻһߣһ˲ŸħɹĹâһ𳤳һ
ɵƺʮɣһԹۿļʮֽš
տʼʱǵܲЩħԼЩħЧá
ǵ˸ɵĶǲٻɣȫĶסˡ
벻ĸħˮƽȻôߡһԲЩѵصұΪɯֻק˸ģû뵽ҡͷһʱҲʲô޵Ļ
ǰˮƽĺܸߡ˱ԼɸħذҿذϴϲԽصϴεһʷٷɭѧԺѧ죬ſϰҸħ˻ţģǷƵġһˮƽ㶼Զˣ治֪ƾʲôôק
ˣô˵úˮƽʵƵġɯһۣקһĸ첲ԼصҲ룬ɯˣǻܲˣ
Ц
ܹһˮƽ߳ĸħʦǵȻá
ջشԼװĿ⣬ҸղȥƤŵϵʱ򣬷ھٰһһεĸħӢսȻˮƽôߣôûȥأ
䣬ɯϵЦһס
һ˶һۣͬʱڡ
ˣ
ɯظϵƤŵħǰʱǰȺɢ
ˣüę̈Ϳ̨ϼƤŵħеĹԱڽһβĹȫһĻģ
ɯĵܹȥקһԱ˼䣬һͷɥ˻
һۣɯƬ̣Ѿˡ
֪ˡε̾Ϣһҡҡͷȥ
ɯС׷࣬Сı顣
㡭Բ𣡶Ҳã
ɯĻסͣ½Ųҡͷ
ΪʲôҪǸȻʵ
Ӵɯһڵıɲǻ˵ͷŮӰ
ΪҷҪקȥҵǸħͲαˡɯҧҧ촽ػش
뿪Ƥŵħ֮ǰϣմʦרѹȻҪμⳡôҪעʱ䣬ǰϻ
ΪɯЩѸħĹϵˡ
ϣմʦʱɯɾߣϵҲû

Ŷ㶣漴ʧЦԼʱ䣬ôܹ㡣
ûѸħĻ㲻ǵġɯֵ
Ƽɯı飬һ
ɯ֮ǰΪֻǸԵĵŮڳеΣϴһϻǺֵ͵ġ
뵽ЦЦҲȥɯ˭˭ֱС
Ȼһ߽УͿϣմʦڴе϶һ跢
ûкɯѾһ˹ȥ
ϣүүɯϣնԸߺһеĲ豭˳ȥ
ףɯ㰡˵㲻ҪôͻȻҺòã˼ҿǾסŵġϣհɯһۣ˳Ƴ򵽺üͷһ壺ôڲŻѾˡ
֪ˡ˵ͷǸ⡣ԲΪһЩ鵢ˣûüϻ
Щ˰ͲеʱĹôϣҡҡͷ̾


139 ħ
ֻǼ򵥵سԼĴɯԵͷϣգϣҲҪûϳҲûʲôɣδŶһа취;ɣ˵⡭
ͷϣյɯһۣΪαһ˵ô㣬ٰٶ죬ɻûΪκƻأ
벻ϣյķӦ֮ɯס£εתͷ̯̯֣¶һǸĿЦ
΢΢һЦϣմʦ˵öԣҪñóȥҪľҪعҼȻûаʱϵǾԼĴɯ㻹ǲҪ˵ˡ
ɯʼ磬ϣ˸Ȼվߡ
ƼɯĹϣղһ֣漴ɯĶȴ¡
ףôһûĹϵѾôˣѵ
ϣЦݣʱΪΣ䣬һԵɯȴȻסһ첲ܵģȻ°ͣϣƵ̬ϣүүҺڵĹϵǺܺãʼô
ϣȻʧЦʼɣҶʼʲô
ĿΪκ΢΢Ǻɨϣ۾ٺֱЦ
ϣĿɨٸŸ첲ϽһɫǺ
ڷѧԺʱ򣬺йӴļŮӣɯ˿ȻԸ񶼲֮ܳΪľȴҲû˭ɯֵġ
ϣմʦһЩҪ̸̸һǿѹͷĲϣմʦ˵Լĸ첲ղѾȥɯʱ䣬Ҫס˵Ͻסٴκһ졣лңҲĻᣬֻԼ
ˣ˵ôϻϣմʦһ˦֣Ļ
СиõĵطסȻҪСطˡ˵ϣմʦɯһۣǺٺһЦڱʵû취Ȼ˵ϼ仰ƻصǲġһ뿴Сôڱһˣøھģϧˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ벻ϣմʦԼôߣȻҵĸħˮƽȻ㲻˹ٳô࣬ôܶڡ
ǰǫ顣ϣմʦ۾һɡСʲôˮƽһ˹ٳ˵ȷܶ࣬ǶǸ߼ħʦһĵͼħʦĻҸ˵ûмģҿСڶʷٷɭѧԺȥֻҲŵϺţ㻹ǰǫʲô
ô
ʷٷɭѧԺȥҲŵϺţ
⻰ϣմʦ˵ģһΪԷڿЦ
ȻڷѧԺʱ˹ʦҲ˵ĻĿУ˹ٷɭѧԺǴ½һħʦѧԺѧĸħţΪԼʲô
ϣմʦ˹ٳǸħʦȦﶼкܸߵλҲô˵ѵԼĸħˮƽѾǲˣ
ϲȷŵ飬ϣմʦüͷҡͷʱĻСӵǲ˹Ǹһѧ˹˹ٳǵʱɴԴҪСܾԼˮƽܲûаŵӡ
һԵɯȻһЦ
ϣҲҪ˵û˹үүҪúѧѧ
үүʱȻ˹ʦֻħʦôţҲүүɣ
ħʦҶħʦֻһ֮֮Ĳ࣬ȴȫõ֮ݡ
ȻڵͼħʦУħʦѾǺǿˡ
ǺҶħʦȽĻðɣûбȽϵ塣
Ҫ˵ħʦļħʦҲܺҶħʦȽϡ
ֻ弶ħʦұ弶ħʦһʦģϣҶħʦһ±Ƚϡ
˹ԼħʦݻɯүүʵЩ˼顣
ⲻţԴ̸ϣȫ˵ǲ֪ߵغ
ħʦû뵽ĻɯҲһ㶡˭˹ħʦģ˹ٵʱѾ弶ħʦˣȻûҶħʦҲ˲ħʦɣ
弶ħʦɣѸ˹ű濴ͰʵԼʱǴëһЩôû취弶ħʦϵ
弶ħʦĻڷѧԺʲô
弶ħʦݣŵ۹˹ٳﶼǴˣֺαڷѧԺǸССĵط
Ҳ֪ɯʼ磬ʾĪֻżүү˵˵Ǻһʲôˡء
ȡϣպȻһɯĻˣЩͲҪˣ˹Ǹһ֪ʱȻ㣬Ҳûʲôá˶٣ϣպȻʵȻαܿϧʱҲҪšɣӵһίУӦ÷ǳʺǡʱҪ飬ûʲôʱɡΣ
һϣմʦǽίУҵˮƽɲİɣ
ģίпɲҪô߼ĸħֻίҪŹ˵ǰһȥ˵ϲоƸҡ
ȻƸһԵɯ
ʲôơϣƲƲ⼸ɵȷûʱоίУ˵ίзǳʺַҽôˣ
ɯ˫ۣٺһЦȴҲû硣
ע⵽ȴһ⡣
ҪŹ֣ʲôҪ󣿡
ϣմʦڻͳһͼֽݸ
ӹһ̺ͺشչɯһ
ͼֽϲеͼǸħʽ֮ĶֻһŻ
һŰۡģŮӡ
طûرֻŮȴĸ޴İɫXŮſ
ŻŮӱ÷ǳԣĸȴüΪϸ£ÿƬƬëעÿƬëϵ·Ƶһ
⡭Щʹ񰡡ɯ̲ס
ûȷЩʹҲҲʹϣյͷ
ü˻һָʵϣմʦ˵ĹŹҪ󡭡ѵ
ûϣտЦί˵Ҫ󣬾Ҫħɺ󣬴ϰۣܹչֳͬĸ
ʽħһ㲢ѰɣȻ
ֻǼ򵥵شﵽǵȷѡϣռЦίȴҪĸħЧŻϵһ£ҲˣŻϱĵط˵ĸ
˵ͷҲɫѿ


140 
ڻħ˵ѵһǱ棬Ǿϸ
ʵ˵ѵ˵һҲû⡣
ΪΪ˵Ҫñ棬ôȾҪϸȻֲ̫ڵĻһȥܿ
ȻҲǾϸ
ڷʱǸħͼ˵ǸħҶħʦ֣֮ڱȷ˵üá
Ҫͼв˸ŵǹ⡢תƣԼżҹյϡ
Щ򵥣ʵڸħУÿһ˸ŵǹ⣬ÿһͣתŵƣÿһżǣͼϵʮߡ
ҲΪˣǸһħͼ貣ܹȻʮһߡ
ʹˣͼȴƲرϸΪǿУǹô٣Ҳеǹȶһ˸ƵҲһƸᶼ˳һתҲᶼֻǳͬһ򻮹
ȻҪͬʵҹհһϸǿջ󣬲Ҫ˵ʮһߣֻǧİһʮҲδܹɡ
ͼȽϵĻҪͼһĻħڱȷҪ͵ͺܶˣΪҹϷ죬ͼ仯Ī⣬ҪףŻֻҪĸѣֻҪúЩƾС
ھϸȵҪϣʵЩ̬ˡ
Ҳ֪ί˴ĶĻʦĸƵ˵ÿһ·Ȼӣȴҡ
ҪǰŻϵһģһĻħֻǴһ㣬оһͷΡ
ϣմʦ˵ίкңؿ˰죬ʵ
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141 
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ͼĳ壬Ȼ϶յͼЩ𣬵ѾɣʣµĸĶҲֻϸϵĶѡ
ԤһɵͼϣѾߴһǧһʮ߸ȷĻпܽӽǧ
ܼǧͼô
ͼԼһֻƳģϻ˸ӵͼ
ڼǰڷѧԺʱ˸һͼȻ˸ӣԻڿЦ
ָ˳ͼһ·ķ˽ӽʮӣͼһȦ
ٶȻУҪ˵ʵħģ⸽ħҲɡ
»һ顣
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Цݸո̣ȭѾ
顪
һȴֻоļµ˾ôɳȥֱײˣ·һǽӣһˤڵϡ


142 Ůô
Ȼ˳Լȭͷ
ֻȭͷϽһ̺ͳٶȵģ⸽ħѣֻһʧȥ֮ˣôһȭȴ˿µЧ
ɱˣɱˣ
Χ˼Ķ˰죬漴һŮſڵһˣȻ
ϧС㳡һֱЩϵСƦǵľۼص㣬㶯ֵٴȴҲûᣬΪ⼸ȻҹԶԶ˳ȥȴûеõӦ
üߵſڵϵԱߣıǰ̽̽˿
һֻ˹ȥѣӦûʲô⡣
ʵڿԼֵҲЩԼǲΪǣЩƲסˡ
ڵһˣнסһ˿
ڼǰʱôᱻпǸһ͵ϮʧȥôãĻ䡣
粻Լ㹻ã˵Ѿصʵʵضȹ
ȻѾָ뷨ҲֻͷתתһЩпˡ
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ΡɵĶǶħ
顪
ȭͷ޻ٵӲһ
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ʱȴѾӵɳȥ
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ǰʿȴȻδζѰӲӲܿó
ȽһµĻ׵óԱöˡ
뵽˴ɰԼһ
ղһȭǸСåֻΪԷ̫ûзˡ
ĶʿôԴֻѰ·
ų̳Ų㣬ı䷽ббӽ㳡һһĻ̳棬˲ڱһ󷨡
ħ硪һĸħħЧװκһװܹܱߵĻõںϣܸΧĹ߱仯仯
߼һĸħܹôԪܱ֮߻ﵽʧĵز
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143 
ļ˹ٳǵȻΪϣմʦίжԵʮæµȴҲʮֳʵ˵ƽ
ɯ⼸ΪҪЩǵɭȥðջÿ춼顣
ȻĽǶȺ˵ж˵ðգ˵Ρ
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ʶվǸŮ֮⣬ҲʶˣɯȺ˹ȻǰǸħʱ²ʵûʲôðվ顣
Ⱥ˾ʲôҲ޹أΨһϵģҲÿҪŵɯ緹˳׼ı㵱Ȼ׼ѡ
ʱЩʱԼѾһĴ
Ȼ׿һԼһЩӵļ⣬ʱ䶼˹ǸħоϣһȻħʦıɫ
ķо˷ŸħֽԼģ⸽ħͼĸĶĸħЧҲһ
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㡭СӣΪʲôģ⸴ƵķǿɱƵͼ򵥵öˡ
ģ⸴ƣüɻؿϣһۡȻ򵥣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
棿ϣؿһȻһԼĶͷ
ʵίڽϣίеʱҪʮּ򵥡


144 ŹֵҪ
ֻϣһܹŪĸĸħˡϣյ⣬ֻҪЧĸģ㹻ˡ
û뵽ʱû˵ΪίҪ˾ϸȻƳôŸӵһͼ
Ȼ̶̼ھƳһԼЩͼ֮⣬ϣȴЩЦá
һǿľ״ãԹɣȴٵίƸ
Լ̫źۼڽίеʱ˵ƺѶһ
ôҲû뵽ȻضԴίУͼɵĻЧԶԶϣյԤڡ
ϣһһĿͼһƳٿһᵭȻı飬ϣպȻһһתԭ˵Ļ˻ȥһ䣺һûʣͻȻأ
ŶͼѾϣȻ϶Ҫ޸ģҪĸħѾȷһЩħϵġ
򣿡ϣ۾һŭСӿǰɣ
һ㶣ϣմʦΪʲôô˵
ϻС֪ڿ˵Ҫϡⲻǿʲô
ǡ
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ɲСϽҡҡͷϣմʦЩѾγչˣ鷳˵ҪĲҲˣҪ࣬ԡ
ͷΪҿⶮͼôȻҲ֪Ҫʲôϣͼ㣬ҪĶҲǶϰˡܹĶȥϣհڰ֣мص
Ĳϵȷܱˣֻ²˰ɣ

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ĹֻͨͼЩ΢޸ȷϵԼħеľ
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üٴ˼еļͼҡҡͷ
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ͷֻһСֽѾƳʮ


145 ̾¶
һԵϣտʱ̲סһ
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Ҳ˵ȫƵһ
СôʱƳһĿͼϣɻؿͷƵһۡ᲻̫ˣ
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һʱȷͼȴֻ˼ӣ
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Ͻŵɫϣüͷһ塣ٳ˳ȫƵӭ˹ȥ
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ֿܺԱһۣɫϣմʦ׼ĲϡֿûС
ûУϣ漴ȻʲôЦ׼ĲֲʲôرϡеĶȻûУǿɲҪˡƤŵħУȫ½ĸħУȻûиħϣôµģ
ֿܵͷ޲öϣȴҲܲش
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أʲôԭ򣿡
ֿܿЦϣմʦӦ֪ʱʷٷɭѧԺǰڣǸħʱڡжԴӦԴʩǽ겻֪Ϊʲô˹ٳǸħʦѧԺͶʿѧԺȻͳһ֯ѧǳðաԡ
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ôǻһôԼôûĻôΪǿĶʿ
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ۿ˾Ҫһһֱü۲Ļԡ׶̧ͷ˵Ļ


146 ðС
ɯ˵ûħǸħððաСڵʵھɭΧðֻǿܹԱһҲҪμӵĻǾͱֻ»ǴһЩΣա
УΣʲôɯԹνðգ˼ɾðΣաʵ˵⼸ÿ춼Ƶģû˼ˡ
΢΢һЦ
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ۿƾҪذ״̴ȴذһ˲䣬һƸΪġպôذ׵ķ⴦һصذײ档
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ĽԵͷתͷЦλǵļƻҪĶһˣȻҪռ̾¶ôǽֻɭҹˡ
ϣ˵ҪɭҹһȺ˾ȻûκвɫɯΪ׵ļ¶˷ܵı顣
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ͻԡ˶һۣٳһֱû˵ǿᣬҲһεı飬ֻЦЦӻͳһöҡ
Ӷ𡣡ɯҪãջ֡չأӦŸİɣ
ɯһңԼڴһǶ𣡶ô
ʼ磬ҲúɯΪʲôͳһ࣬ԵȻˣǾͳɡ
á


147 ·
Сʱ󣬵̫ббգ⿪ʼʱԼɯðСһ˵һԤϢ㡣
ȻųƾɭΧһȥ۶ʮ׶ߵĲΪʱֵģҶïܣնڸǵʵʵ
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ҿǶʿΪһôɯ۾һһۡ
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Թһ£ЩûسƤŵħУҲԼֵöҡ
ȻҪǱϣ֪ڵ뷨϶ôûϢ
öҵĲϣֻ¶ϣǰҲȥһ¡
ֻӹ˵ĸħʦŻῴЩͼҲһŹɡ
ЩϺִӱһںɫֻĴָССʯͷ
СʯͷʵʶҲûκιڸħϵϻʾ
ƾڰȡСʯͷԱǼҶʱдСʯͷио˼ǿϵԪ֮
Ȼ֪СʯͷʲôȷһǺܸ߼ĸħϡ
㲻ΪħϵĻûȥеԪ֮Ҳͬô
٣㶢ʯͷʲôأɯ֪ʲôʱ˹һƨԱߣһеݸġ
ŶллӹԼ׼õı㵱һ߳һ߽͡·зֵĶڻȷܲħϡ
һУҲֻɯԸħ˽⣬ֻܰеˡ
ȷͲȷ£˵Ȼص˹ٳǺȥϣմʦ¾ˡɯںص㸽ħˮƽͦҲָԼʲôɡүү˵˵ɯȻסҿһۣ˶ϢߣҪүү˵ֻ֪үүǸħʦʶܶ฽ħʦɲ֪үүҶħʦ
Ȼɯһۣɫ棬˵ͷ
ܺáɯȻߣЦǳֻöůҪ֪үүҶħʦ϶鷳ġ㲻һ֪ˡ
ɯĶŪЩȻҡһӣƫɯɫ΢ǳ֪ġ
Ǿ͵ʱ˵ɯɡ
Ҳͱ첻̸
Զڶŵͼ˼ĻԺȻ̧ͷһģܵɯ΢΢üվİơ
ˣϢʱ׼ɡ
ûʮӰɣɯȻ
ֻ΢°ˣʱǲô̶ģѾȷǽҪߵ·ߣɫ磬Ͻ·Ե
ɯʼ磬һۣõ΢΢ͷķӦ߻ȥʰԼİ
ۿ˿ʼʰȥվԵܲڵ󼸷ʱ䣿
Գһۣʲôô
룬һЩ׼ܸá
ʲô
װħϵİߵһŴ÷ǰ
·ˡ
ͬʱͣеĶȻתͷ
һɯŵһӦеı㵱һԾ𣬴ܵǰؿһȭȵιϹ˵ʲôأ
ɯһȭʵСû׼֮£ź
ؿһʹؿɯһۣƺΪʲôͻȻԼ
÷ְ·ˣҺøħ
ɯŭ׳סһٵĳ嶯һȭͷ
Դ˿Ȼһƽ÷һۣȻ
÷ֿǸŮӰô·ˡ
ɯˣû˵åͲˡ
С㣬Բҡֻ·ϵĸħһ¡죬һʱ䲻֪ô͡
˻࿴ʼ¶Цõı顣


148 ʵ
ȻǺӴʱ䲢̸϶жô˽⣬ȴţˡ
һֱӳƺ÷־ͺáȽ÷ֵķӦΪƽ
ľȣ΢΢һЦԼıתһ档
Ƭ̺Ѿһ˳ղŴǼƽϡ
ӹ÷ֵݹĳۣ˺ش˹
ιϴǸħʱ򣬲˵÷·ϵĸħѾôôҪģ
ΪϴĲ̫ˡػش𡣡Ȼϴ˵Ҳʦ˵÷ǰĸħؼסȷʺϣҸħЧҲԣԲҪôĶ
ԴЦʵͻȻģѵǸղҵʲôòˣ
𣬵ͷڰзһݸ֮ĶصϣȻһ졣
ۼһ΢ɫâһԵ÷ӹһ˿ɫ
Ŀԣ
ɯΪͶڸ˽ѧԺװĸħԼͬ÷ʦĿǰͶڹ̻İ빫츣ѧԺ˹ٹѧԺΪѧԺڶѧĹϸͬʱʩҲΪܵ÷ϵװͬװϵĸħѧԺͳһ䷢
̻Ŀǰ½ϵһڽ֯ΪӴټ˹ٹѧԺͿŵ۹׶˹ٳڣ̻ѧԺѪԷѧǵĶߡ
˹ٹѧԺѧ߳ȥ˿ϵĶõһƬ̾÷ֺɯ˽ʶʱҲһ
÷ϵۣȻֻ˹ٹѧԺһ꼶ѧı׼䱸ǲʻ˹ٳҲԳƵһ
ԭĸħؼס񣬾˵ǹ̻רһ弶ħʦƣ弶ħʦԼලɣħЧԿԳƵ϶
Ȼĸħϴɯ˸ħʱȻˡơۣȴԵ͸¶˶ħĲмһˡ
ֻһħʦ
ں˵˸ħĹչֳԼͬһĸħˮƽ÷ȻЩ棬㡣ʱ鶼ƽĿϵĸħҲܸƣ
ǰʵ÷֣Ŀԡ
һָûаͣ٣˲Ѿڳϻʮ⡣
һ÷µĻӰδʧʱʮһ漴ȥ
ˣһԵ˿ջָȻʵ
ţˡѳ۵ݸ÷֡
÷ֽӹۣ΢һ£̲סʵⲻ¸ħɣ
ȻǡЦԭĸħؼסѾˣҲʺʦҪ¸ħֻһССĸĶ
Ķ˻ûʲôɯȴüЩŵʵʲôĶ
ֻħΧʮߣħߴ߾ͬʱһַָЧ
˵ûж÷·ԭеĸħӵģɯʵ
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ôɯͷǰƺһүүڸһѧиħĶ⡣
Ȼûүүѧ̸֮ǴֻƬƺиħĻϽиĶһǳֵ顣
үүҶħʦԼүүΪ弶ħʦѧԵѣôô赭дɣ
үүѧˮƽ̫⵱Ȼܡ
ˮƽ̫ߣɯɨһһƽ֮صҡҡͷ
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Чôôϵı飬ΪԼĸħǲǳˣϽʵ
ǲá÷ֳһҡҡͷӦ˵ЧܺãõҲˣ
ϳ۵һ˲䣬÷־;þʱһ
֪ΪϵĸħĹϵ
ôʱˣûһδʱоԡ
еԾģǸһϳۣоȫ֮ٶȶÿ࣬ΧĹ֮ĸӦҲǿ˲١
ֻ΢һ֮Ѿӿָ⡣
գ۲˲䣬Ѿһһħ
֮ǰһħҲҪһʱ֮
ѵǳϵĸħĶԭ÷ֲš
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ΪħԭѵΪԼħˮƽͻȻ֮ͻƲɣ
٣Ϊʲô÷ֵĸħôãǼĸħͺһ㣿÷ֵĻ˹صСӸòǿ÷ֳƯİɣ
ƳһۣޱشʵΪ󡣡
һɯȴѾ̲סЦ
һľ÷Ҳ̲ס΢΢Ц
Сӡ
˸ٷ䣬һԵĻȴ֣Ļ
ˣҪٿЦˡʱѾˣ׼˵ջԳһܹۡϵĸħЧøõĻͲҪʵǵðжûкô
һ㶡
ʵɴû
ղܹ֮÷ֳϵĸħĶΪɭֺ˼ָõĲϡ
ȻĻҶħʦҲûвϵЧĸħ
üûпڽ͡
Ҳûи͵Ļᣬ˵׼󣬻ֱӱԼİȻʾǿǰ濪·
һԴǿ󣬱ű׼ðͣȥ
·ߵʱɯȻǰĻ˸ȻЦ⣬ԾǸļһûŶȥ
Ȼɯһۣ벻һ￴ֵģȴҲϸһ档
˳ǰǿ󷽵Ļԣ΢΢һЦҡҡͷû˵ʲôֻǽ˽ϵı󲽸ϡ
飡
޶ϴһƵľ죬ǿϵɫĶ΢΢һ޶ܵ˫ֱðһ̤Ȼſŭһϰ˷ȻӲǰǸʮףҲ׶Ұģħ޸˻ȥ
̲סüëһаǿĴָ
ղŵһοʱǱ޴һ
ǰһгΪߴǿᣬȴҲͺһӤһ㡣
벻սǿᾹȻÿζ涥סһĳȻοΪӦ֮󣬾Ȼз
˭ħްǿһŭţһ߾ž޶ܰòϺˣס


149 ޻꾫
ۿҪŽ׵Ѻ۵ײһʱĺºȻɫâ
޴͵һ漴ͻȻʧȥȫһ㣬Ȼ
ǿһƲסȻ޴ֱӷ˳ȥ
䡪
һ׶֡ʮ׵ĴһҲΪҪŲס¡
ҶδƮ䣬ǿѾп񱼳һסʹ´ܳ˵ĲӣݺݵصˣҶ˵ٱˣұʱң
˵ôܺǿȣʱյֱۡ
ۿ˾ҪʱԹȥǿĸ첲ǿŸ첲һɣſˡ
˿˼ŴϢָǿţЦҲҪôòãÿζΪԼᱻ
ǿһ
ЦЦǿǿᣬֻһû˲ٰھȻħӲҿѧԺھɣ
ǿԴһЦͬ꼶ѧҵ󡣿Ǹ꼶ѧĻвء
ҲˡԹȻ漴תΪǿᣬڽðջѧԺͱ˱䣬ýԼЩȻħ޵ʱȴѾûˡһֿ˭
ǿԴ룬ͷ
á֪ˡ
תˣˣղŵĶ̫Σˡ
ۿŻÿ˵ȥͷ
ѹܹΪСӵĶӳȷĹ֮
ⲻĵ飬ȻԺǿ߹ȥ̧ǿľ޶ܣȥ
һ˿̽޶ߵķֲһͼԺ
̽Ƭ̣üͷһ壬ǿǿᣬҲòٴѣŶ㡣㻹ÿսʱֱŶӲĻŲ˶á
ǿһ㶣治ǻĸħô
ħɲܵġһ߽ѵǿᣬһߴӰзһЩϽеơħǿװúЧȴȫװȻĶϵ˼̺ƱĲʾͲǺܺáиħİҲܳôǿҵĳġ
ôǿε̯̯֣ҿûôǮòôĶܡһҳµĸˡ
ƳһۣûصͰϧáÿξֱӲ
˵ţ²ͣϺܿϣָһƬ̾˶ϵͼ޲
СУΪսɫҪĹǸս˼ϵװ͸ħ
ȻҪҪ޲ģǿľ޶ܡ
һ·УΪ֮Ҫɭ֣ϵħҪö࣬żǻϼ߼ħޡ
ЩսУÿζǿᶥǰ棬ټһϲþ޶Ӳסħ޵ĸоĻ˵Ǻţľ޶졣
Ǿ޶רŵӵ㸽ħֻľ޶ͱħһδεĳײķˡ
Ȼˣ˿ľ޶ҲѾƣֻٶܼξ޴ĳʹըҲ˵
ϵͼû󣬲ûָֹͣѾƺõĲһһɫâڶƱϡ
Ƭ̺ǿῴűϷ΢΢ɫâľ޶ܣɻʵ渽ħô
ջ֣̽ͷţּһƫб
ʲôã
ƫбôڳʱмöԷƫһܵή͡˵ǿļ򡣡ɵĸħֻǶħֻаٷ֮ʮļƫԾЧΣҪǿòˡ
Ҫǿҵһ򲻺á
̯̯֣ʾĪ
ȻָħΪʲô㲻Ūأǿʡ
ƫбЧܵӣΪͼ̫ӽгͻһǲһиħӵġǿĶʵǼֲȥˣҲָħ뿴ħЧܹӣĶͬʱħƫб¾ĶƲôҲܿסǳ߼ħ޵ɣ
ħ˰ɡǿҡҡͷԼľ޶ҿֹ
Ǽģķƺʲô
ЦЦתͷǸǿƵײϺ󣬱Ҳһߡ
δ͸оһɺ
Ч̫˰ɣϱһ˪ҲЩȻ
µʱŻȻȴ̲סʧЦ
ԭǿĶ¸ħʱ˲֪ʲôʱѾܵߣذڸƤ
ӴҪȻʮַʱ
һذκʱڣذ˪͸ħӵǿһֱϮţղŻΪǿѪڵôúˡ
Ҳȥ˵Ĺַϵһ˿ڴһ˿̽
˳ɢԪ֮ķ̽ȥһ˿ܿͷ­
̽ȥʱһϲ
Ӵڵ޻꾫ǹȻҲС
Ȼ;Ҳɱ˲ħޣ޻꾫ҲֻһȭͷС޻꾫Ҳֻʮˡ
ڵ޻꾫ǾȻһԴС̺Ԫ֮ŨԶӴħڵ޻꾫ǿöࡣ
ӦһܿҪ׵һС̽޻꾫ǵ׼һ̲סи̾
ڵ޻꾫Ӵ󣬶̺Ԫ֮Ũ֮ߣͨԶһħޡ
û´ĻôֻѾڽ׵ıԵʱգͽͻħ޵ĳ⣬׳Ϊ˫һԾΪħޣ
˫ûӴ󣬸Ƿ˶ޱȣƺܾ˳ԾˣƫƫǷϵħޡ
º˼룬Ӵ룬޻꾫̽ȥ
ĸħʦͬĹĻô޻꾫ǣϲͬʱֻҲǳͷۡ
Ϊռ޻꾫۵Ḷ́ʵǸħʦ޻꾫̺ĸִԪ֮ɹ̬Ĺ̡
Уܹ޻꾫ۣԼܹʲôƷʵ޻꾫ۣҪħʦǿԼħʦĿơ
˾޴һ޻꾫ǣȻֻҪúãõ޻꾫۱Ȼܶ࣬Ϊ޻꾫̺Ԫ֮ŨȹߣôʱѶҲ൱øߡ
Ȼ˵ȴ⡣


150 羧ʯ
ԴʧúǿȲߣӵ޵ĳ־öȣռֵ
ս޻꾫ǣֳ˿һȫ޻꾫ǣƬ̺޻꾫Ԫ֮̽һ
Ũ֮ߵԪ֮ûмɣһвʳ
˵첻죬ֱ˰ƤҪʱȻڵط
˵ȴҲӴ޻꾫ǣȴֻ˼ӵʱ䣬Ѿÿһ
ȵȷ޻꾫ԼУһͬʱ޻꾫ŨߵԪ֮˲䱻
·Ӿһ㣬޻꾫еԪ֮һӣӿ
ַԵԪ֮޻꾫˳Ŀӣµ·ߣ͸ڵľȥϵĴ
ܵĴӴķϵԪ֮ĳ΢
Ȼϵ޻꾫еԪ֮һƱػЧˡʵȴЩϡ
һĸħʦֻ´ʱΪܲס˾Ԫ֮ĳ͵ֵסǵռ޻꾫۳ɹֻ»ᱻԪ֮壬Լˡ
Ԫ֮ʧȥǶʱÿ춼Ԫ֮ٳˢԪ֮ʧõĹУǾסԪؿʱַ
ڴ޻꾫бӿĴԪ֮ȻҲ㹻ʱȴԶ
һתĴγһΧȦ
޻꾫Ԫ֮ӿģ㱻γɵİΧȦΧסȲڣҲûһ˿ܹݳܵĿ֮С
ЩԵԪ֮ԽԽ࣬İΧԪ֮
ܵĵǲҵȫ񶼼С
һ޻꾫ʣԪ֮ģһ߼оĵеĴԪ֮ѹ
Ӧ£ءдԵԪ֮һһرѹһȻԽԽܡմλΪΣٴᡣ
ֱ޻꾫һ˿Ԫ֮˳·ĺٴμӴ룬һȱڶϡȻȫѹ
γɵİΧȦԽԽСԵԪ֮һ
üͷ΢΢
޻꾫̺Ԫ֮ʵڱǰĶ̫࣬޻꾫Ѷ̫ࡣ
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ĺܿ죿ֻи졣
ȫ֮£ûиоʱšֱеĴԪ֮һ˿©ضһ
׼ηʱõռʱĺȻо졣
ԭѾɷĩ״޻꾫ۣͻȻ֮䣬Ǳʲôһ㣬Ƶķת
˿̲ûջزĵԪ֮Щ޻꾫۵Ҳû
ȻЩ޻꾫۾ôһķת赲淨ȸղŻҪ˼֡
һ߷ȡΧԪ֮ǽ븹ֵͼȻתΪԼ󲹳ģһ߸ڵ
޻꾫ȻԽתԽ죬ȴԽԽУ־ϲ
ѵ
ǲ֪ʱпת޻꾫ȫͣ
˵Ѿȫʧˣ
ȡ֮ģһ״ģպñһסĵɫ塣
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ɫޱȹ⻬ǴСһ޶¡
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ھڲէ֮£Ϊһɫľ޴ʯ
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һĵȻ˿̾ȻҲЩѹֲסͷļ
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⣬ӦþϿȴûۼķ羧ʯˣ
ħϵж֣
ѡħϴȫⱾиħʦΪȨгĲϼܼǧһʮ֡
ǣħϴȫֻиȫˡ
ʵϣħϴȫгĲ϶ǽΪã˵ΪĲϣõģ˵ѱɼĲϣȻħϴȫ϶ҲгһЩȴԶԶϡȫ֡
ݸħʦĲȫͳƣ½֪ĸħϣҲ֣δ֪ģ˵ûб֪Ĳϣ֪ĻҪϼ
ϾħʦһںţǾǡһɸħ
˼ǣϵжû̺Ԫ֮ڸħʱпõ
ΪħһǳظħʦˮƽĶڸħĹлȡʲôͼȫȡڸħʦƣ˸ħʦϵһЩ׼ͼ⣬ûиħʦƵͼһģһ
ЩħڻõʲôϣǾ͸廨ţǧٹ֡
㸽ħ֮࣬ЩУ̺Ԫ֮һ࣬ôһȴǱиħʦϵѸħϣǾǾʯ
ħʦеħʯһЩȻ̺Ԫ֮ĸֲʵʯͷħʦԴȡһԪ֮Ϊħ䡣
ʯͬ
νʯȫӦǵԾ״Ԫ֮ʯ
˼ǣɴһԵԪ֮ľ״塣
ԵĲֿͬԳΪʯˮʯʯԼеķ羧ʯ
ħʯͬ־ʯȻɣϣɸħʦռħϵʱΪԪ֮쳣ӴԶɡ
Ϊʲôʯȴûиħʦоԭ
ǲΣΪڸħĹУ뾧ʯô߲ܹṩЧԲһṩЧԽһǿЧӦԾʯļֵߡ
֪ʯֱ࣬Ϊ⾧ʯ⾧ʯʮ⾧ʯ֣е羧ʯȻ⾧ʯеʯ
еʯҲһиħʦĸħϡ
οе羧ʯȻôĸħЧֻиǿ
Ļħʱʹһɲٰɣس˳羧ʯСذ
ΪŽɭħھɭ죬Ҳռٷϵ޻꾫ۣ벻ȴеõһ羧ʯôȻӭж⡣
̾¶ȴû֣ȴҲܾôȥ
ȵ˺ǿʬֵǮĶռϣ·
СʱȥΪ֮ǰɭ֣ħ𽥶߼ħ޵ƵҲࡣ
ȻֻܼħޣȴҲûܴռʯ
һ⣬ʯôռֵҲͲôˡ


151 ٲµĶ
Сʱó̹ȥһ˳֮ǰ˵ĵһˮԴĵط
طɭĵطڽ㲻ԶΪƾһγһССٲ
Լʮ׵ɽϣļˮɱ£ٲ¾޴ʯͷϣϸˮ
ˮ֮ȻûľطɭѵõĿһֱյĵط
ʱʱ֣̫бϸ߿գƴذѶ
֮£ˮ裬ʱɢ߲ѤĶĿâ
һɯֳСıɫһ·СܵٲԱߣѱϵıһԣѵЬӾٲµСˮ̶С
ɯܵ˵ʹŶ̿㾢װֻǴһħۣȻֻ½ǣҲѧɯȥ
ɯͷ֡
٣Ҳɣˮġ
ЦҡҡͷԣȴҲȫûԴӽԺر飬ͬһɵģ
ɻı飬ʼ磬Ц⼸켸ÿ춼֪Ϊʲôûħ޿طԺܰȫ
üͷһ塣
ûħ޿պܶðйص˵ͨ˵һǳǿħޣħ޲ҿŶԡ
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ϣ˵ȷǸħʦһһˮƽߵĸħʦ
۹⣬Ȼ׿ͼĿġ
Ϊóһ㣬ŻһֱϢվ󣬾ؿһһͼ
󿴵ԽãԽľ
ʱͼֻһǳԵĿܡ
Ȼֻܾ˾̾ѣΪֳŹ˼ܵĽṹЩԾտʼΪܹܵĻͼ
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ڴ󲿷ʱֻܹħʦһħͷҪÿܱͼҪɵĹԱƳһҪʮ
Ȼܹ춼ܳɫƾ˵ˮƽƶϳͼɺĸӳ̶ȡ
ˮƽҾܻͼЩ֣ܹͼ
Ȼվʱȴһ̲ͣģһֱڶͼơ
ۿͼӴԵĿܿʼһرֱɣ̲סе𾪺̾һȲʡ
ȫţͣȻܹƳ˸ӵͼ
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ͼֽϵͼȻĹ˼ҲãͼṹҲգһֳԶһ㸽ħʦʶ
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ͼĳЩطһЩǷȱӶѾֳϸϣͼȴûгһ
ǵģȫûκδ
ڵóǰԼǲǿòϸ©һЩ󣬿ǵ˼ȴòϣȷġ
Ȼȴʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ͼкüߣֹϵʹ۸ӣΪħص㣬ͼϸϵҪǼΪϸ΢һ󣬶ĸħЧӰͺܴ
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ЩϾһһ˹ȥȴȻûзκδ
ŵǣһЩطó˴󣬿һȴƷãҪ˵ĻȻԼ
ϸ˼Լ𾪶ʼЩľˡ
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ƺܽṹǷһ弶ħʦ϶ֵóޣڣȻǰῴᳬʮСϣ
ٴοһͼһ̾ϢŹϱЯʽħƣ̧ͷ򾲾һԵг˸⡣
Ȼûֱ׳Щ⣬ָָٲʵǽȥ˰ɣ
棿һ˳˵ָȥȴָķǡþٲƫһҲȥǸô֪
ΪҸղžǴġЦָָæµɯˡǿۿҳġ
ֵƳɯһۣǼȻˣôڻֵôƽ
ǲǺΪʲô֪ϵɻʵӦ㣬ΪҵĻ԰
԰һ㶡
ȻͨеĴʽħͿӦ˼ȴôҲû뵽ﾹȻǰ˵ġ
԰Ǹпյľ޶Ҳܽ԰ô
Ȼǵطض̾ƺҲ
ǼȻȥˣؿ涼̾ɣûЩֵ̾ġ
ºֹǳԾȫˡ
̾ʲôЦ
ݡħϴȫأ˵ֻ̾ˮϵԪ֮رŨĵطͬʱˣ̾ҪΪϿһصˮϵԪ֮㣬ή
̾ˮϵԪ֮ģһһˮԴرḻˮϵԪ֮رŨĵط̾ô˶೤ʱ䣬طˮϵԪ֮ͻϡյ̾޷
ڡħϴȫ϶̾һƣǡˮԴɱ֡
һصֲô˹ֲ
ţϵı̫ԣһ۾Ϳе뷨ЦЦֵǼȻȥˣؿúô̾пή
ҡҡͷ
ڵ̾Ȼ࣬ÿһ궼̣ͨȻȻ
ô̾ûпȻɵأ
⡭
աħϴȫļأ̾ȻˮԴҪΪ̣ôͬһطȻַܳǳƬ̾
ȻĳطˮԴرḻˮϵԪ֮رŨ̾ͻһЩһ˵Ҳֻʮ꣬ٶʮꡣ
ܹϰ̾ĵط޽С
ղȻûϸһȥǸҲм̾
ʱεʱ͸оЩ죬ʱҲûж룬ֻǾطˮϵԪ֮쳣Ũˡ
ôһ˵


156 Կɸħ
ûʲôɣüʵһô̾Ȼڶɻˣӣò˶ãˮԴͻݽ߰ɣ
תͷȻٲһۣ붴ô̾ȡˮϵԪ֮ʱˮԴݽߣֻڿưٲʧ
˵أЦ
᣿ҡҡͷЩš
ȴûжָָͣǸڵλãʵղ˵νɭ֣ҪԭҸħϣһ̾¶
̲סֳ˳ɯˣǶ˵ȫʲôˡ
һɯȴÿ˹ȻһƣȻָָˡ
Ȼú𾢣ܿϧû
ǵģҾ̾зǸڵġȻɳѾ˵ˣҲͲʵϡұʱȥռһ̾¶ǼȻ˵Щֵ̾ġ
ͷЩ׽Ρ
Ȼ˵Щֵֻ̾һ֮ʣȴûлɡ
ܹԼͼȥϼʮˡӦòʲôƭӰɣ
Щֻ̾һʵ飬ȻҪ̾¶ֻҪƻЩ̾ռҲûϵϵΣЦˡҽûѪĻҲˣҲȥܡȻͼɨһۡ΢΢۾ǳ⣬δ̫ԲЩ̾˰ɡ
ЩЦá
˵ֱ˵ܻ䡣
ʲôҪ˵ɣһǮҲԡ
ȻǮЩðյıĿġɫȥһطĻȲ˵û̾УҪռ̾¶Ҳٵһˡ
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ɣȻ˵Ҫ⣬ǱϾЩˡҲ̫ˡ㣬ǸͨҲµļʽħƻİɣ
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ţҾùЧĻȻ谭һǻ㹻档Ӱʹл󡣡
֪֪ЩĻħͻ÷ǳӣ
⡭ԡص
˵ûħѾоôãȴֻǳͼԤе󻹲Զ
ϺɫϾκθħƣǴ뿪ʼ
οЩʱоȻûͼţֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹɡ
ϵı飬˵ͷ
ȻԡǾħɣȻͨϲϣҾռ̾¶Σ
һ¡Ǿֻʣһϵʱ䰡
ϿɵĻϾͿռ겻ɵĻǾֻܵȵϡȻ겻ɵĻ֮ʲôʱɣʲôʱռ
һôüͷ
ôϵЦݶ˼Ϸʡ
ѧԺʱͺϲһЩѶȵѧԺЩνǣ벻Ѫһǰµ̾ȴһš
Ƣвһµĵ
ԽԽüͷֵסɸħֻͼҰǸħõĻҿɲռ̾¶
ɸħͼ֮ĲɾʹˣͼֻǵذͼɰˣɸħȴҪͼصĸħʽҲȻҪƾͼ͸ħʽɸħ
˵Ҫ󲻿νߡ
Ҫ֪Ƶͼ˸ӣƺõͼ͸ħʽһħʦȻɸħһ϶δܹȫ
Ҫ˵ͼҲֻǴɣħʽɸûʼء
Ҫǡ
ûвϰֵ̯Ұͼ͸ħʽˣûôɸħ
ڸħʦ˵ϡ˲̲Ӧһ䡣
̲סһ໰
νﶼħֻǸħʦһںŰˡ
˸ħʱ򣬶ڲϿǼޣϵƷԲͻӰĸħЧڵ¸ħʧҲпܡ
˵˼ȴԼȥѰҸħħҪҲδ̫˵


157 
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еͼٿǰˣȻЦЦ
ôԵļʵôΪûĵġ
Ϊ˴Ӧ̾¶ȴܲս
ϾõЩ̾¶ҲʹίʱԽԼҵĳɱ
ڿҪ޷ĵҿҪ
뵽ͼֽߵɯߣ˵˼䡣
ɯɫһ㶣漴˷Ȼȥͻֹ˼䡣
ҡҡͷɯ˵˼ʲô󣬱ǿص˵ͷ
Ȼɯ뿪ӪأźӰεķȥ
˿ȥıӰ΢΢һЦ
֪ȥѰҲȥˡ
ҪˮϵԪ֮ĻħˮѰϵȻȷ
ҲЩ⣬˵ͼ͸ħʽûɣû취ȷȣôȥѰҲϣʱһֲϲô죿
Ͼ˰Щźҡҡͷԡ
˹ǻԻˡ÷ֶȻ¶һɳ羴ɫ
һ򺩺ǿҲͣ˲þ޶ܵĶ
λͬѧܲ˼ҪǡЦЦϡǿܾҪͷӵ˯ˡ
̲סЦղŵľнʱ˲١
ʢһǰЦʷٷɭʦ氮ЦԸһȹһǵҡȥͬѧǵĻһĽǵġ
Ϊʷٷɭʦ˹һЦһڣһԵ˵ͷȻٴɯʧķһۡ
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ڶһ磬ոո¶һ˿ǰİɫʱӪһʯ󡣾ؿΧ˺Ȼüһ¡
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ʷٷɭʦ˳ָķȥȴɯǿôһ֦Ѿϡ˯
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Ͳ֪ˡʷٷɭʦҡҡͷڵϼһȴֻ챻ƻǸħûзһµߡ
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߰ɣ˵档
һ졣
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һɾ޴ˮǰͨӿ
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һΪһĻƭô
ǣͬǿǲõġ
УֻǸʿΪԼʥʿô

ЦոͨڻȴȻֹ
ΪǷ֣ǰͨǴȻӿһɾˡ
ļˮͨͻҽˮͨǽϣžž졣
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ۿ˾Ҫͷܣʷٷɭʦӹһ˿ɫȻȵҪţǼٵģ
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Ƭ̺ˮȻƾʧôӰˡ
ǼٵģһȻţղô׶ˮȻҲǻ
ʷٷɭʦǽһȻЦ
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ˣԳˡħҺ⣬ҴӦ㣬̾¶ռһӦ㣬ңɵ¡ʷٷɭʷٷɭѧԺԺ壬ʷٷɭѧԺ
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ʷٷɭʦרŽʱҪ͸¶ԼݣȻ⣬ȴǴӦ
֪ʷٷɭʦ֮ĶԻףʷٷɭʦǹҪ
û뵽ħʷٷɭʦȻ˵һ
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ζֱܹӽʷٷɭѧԺΪԺرƼѧѧԺĴȻҪͨѧǿöࡣ
ܹʷٷɭѧԺѾǺܶѧϰħѧʮε飬Ҫ˵Ժн롣
ɯ˶ǸħʦȴҲͬʷٷɭʦ仰дĺ塣
жϲʱͨǰһƽ͵
лԺĺ⡣ұǱʷٷɭѧԺļѧòԺˡ
ͨǰԶתǴ˳ϵıһеƽ
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158 ˹ƫ
ٵѹ󣬵Ϊ˱ʷٷɭѧԺĴͳһĽ룬ΪԺȻǿӲضסЩѹûаЭ
ɴ˿ɼÿ걻ʷٷɭѧԺ¼ȡǶô󣬶ԺȻмеΪͨյѧԺѧĴߣ⼸Ǽֵǡ
һ˽ʾԸڶԼΧ˰лȡһȴҲܾͬˡ
ɾôԺ˳ȴܾˣ
֮ǰֻܾ˵ķݣ
ǲˣûشɯѾ̲סΪʷٷɭѧԺԺ˹ʦŮһ˸Ҫ˽⡰ԺСĸĺ塣а
ɯѡСҧرأȴȻҡͷ
֪˹֮ǰ˹ʦר˵ͷתͷɵ¡ʷٷɭǸЦЦԺˣܱǸܾĺ⣬ֻҪҹͨѧˣȻʷٷɭѧԺѧˣҪ˷
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벻˹ʦʷٷɭѧԺѧʷٷɭѧԺڵôʱĽʦĸħˮƽħʦô򵥡
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ΪʲôҪԼʵڷѧԺСطأ
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ϣմʦִӱһţ΢ЦΪȣɾȱΪ棬־Ϊ𾪡
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ڳġ͵
ϣմʦһۡ㲻ѩȻ㷢ֵİɣȲ˵ɭΧѩ棬㵹Ǹôܷģ
⡭ţ֪ôش
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ϣմʦעܿ챻һ˹ȥ
⡭ôôһƿ̾¶ϣմʦӲ϶һƴСƿӣȻ
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ǿǵ̾¶ϡѵãôһƿԳƵˡ
е̾¶ϣմʦͷü˼һ


159 Ķ
ԣɭΧǰҲȥȻвٵطֻ̾ȥһ죬ֻһطռһռôŶԡЩ̾¶ǴĶŪģ
аֻǿôһƿ̾¶ϣմʦƶϳ쳣ɼԾɭֺ̾¶ʮ˽⡣

Ľͣϣմʦüͷø
ʷٷɭԺûô̾̾¶Ȼϡ٣ֲȱǮ
˵һƬ̾ϣմʦҲǰ˼⡣
ɻһƬ̾ôȥͬҲ֡˰Ҳ벻𰸣ֻա
ˣֲ¡ϣմʦ˻֣˼Ȼ̾¶ͷϵ޻꾫۶ˣǲҪʽʼħˣ
˵ͷ
ͼ͸ħʽѾƣģ⸽ħҲ˲ٴΣûˡУҲֻͨʵʸħ֡
˵ε̾˿
֮ǰѧϰɵĸħѾƵͼ͸ħʽʵʸħСֻҪϸƺԼʹÿһ趼ͼԼħʽͬͿʹյĸħóɹ
мй͸ĸħȴҲǽͼ͸ħʽĻϣܴ
Ȼһȴͬεģ⸽ħͼ͸ħʽԼơûκǰɹο
ȻڵĸħˮƽԼڷѧԺʱȶ˴ߣҲ˼ͼ͸ħʽľ飬һƵĸħʵ̫ӡͨԼģ⸽ħʾУȴҲұ֤ʵʸħУܹٷְٻóɹ
Ҫϣմʦ֪˿е뷨ֻ»Ц̫Դ
ڸħʦһ׻κһħϵʬѻɡ
˼ҪκһħħѾ˵ģпܻʧܣӶ˷Ѹħϡ
Ѿ˵ĸħпʧܣǾ͸Ҫ˵δյģͼ͸ħʽȫµģδƺ֤ĸħ
ȻûиħʧܺܵĵĵģĵġǡǡǺܶʸƸħĸħʦȥĵĲ⡣
ĸħʽҪһħĻҪĲƤŵħеı㣬ܼҪŽӽʮöҡ
ίеıΪһöңʧܾŴΡʮγɹˣҲζθǰ׸ɡ
ʧʮʮϡ
ԼĿڴȷԼûʧʮεʸ
ϣմʦҪħ·ôʵ
ûȷҪʼʽħ
ͼħʽв϶׼ˣѵӦÿʼʽħôֵķʵ
ϣմʦ㶡˵Ӧٶ࿼¡ħûô򵥡ʲôģǿϵȻı飬Щ˻ȥ
̧һڵĹԱһ䣬˵ͷȻѻϵĸħϣת̨
̾¶ЩһħõϵĲ⣬ʣЩھɭռĸħϣȫ۸ƤŵħС
ʱ䣬һģ⸽ħҿɡϣմʦֵʵڽӵίеʱҲôħǺü춼ûͷȻͼƣҲһĿԣҾ̫ӣֻڵδܹɰһּۣһ䣺Ҳúѡ
֪ϣմʦڰοԼסЦЦ
ϣմʦϾӴ֪࣬һûĵġ
ģ⸽ħѾ˺ܶΣֻʵʸħûɹҾò𲢲󡣡
Ǿһģ⸽ħҿ˵ʵҺܺɵЧʲôӡƵͼӦûܱŶԡ
á
ӦһùһŸħֽ̧һ˿ɫâʳָ
ָֽ棬Ȼֽ滬ϣմʦֻǰ˲ϸɫâ
ȻѾʶһʱ䣬֪ĸħˮƽԲͣǰϣմʦֻʶͼ⻹ǵһۿɸħ
Ȼֻģ⸽ħȴѾԹ۲ʵʸħˮƽ
죡
ȷ
쳣
ǿ˿̵ĶʱϣմʦԺðݴʡ
죬ڸħʦԣ˵򵥣ȴ򵥡
ΪħԾȷһҪ󼫸ߣв׵յĸħЧΪֱͣɸħʧܣԸħʦɸħʱȵҪǾȷһ˵׷١
ϾˣܶʱͻΪƲס³ʧ󣬴ӶӰ츽ħЧ
ϣմʦԼɸħʱ򣬶Ѿˣһ㸽ħʦЩĸļһͬ
ڿĶʱȴԼɸħʱĶֱͬţһ㡣
ָֽƶţһɫâ·ֽϻһһ㡣
˿ٵĶϣģ⸽ħȴǳȷȷһֿµĵز
ڸħʦʱ򣬿ڷѧԺʱɵǸƤѥϣմʦħصǾȷ
Ǵ˿̵ۿĸħʱ˽⵽ȷĺ塣
ָ磬ֽϵȴÿһ˿ÿһƵͼһģһ
ϣմʦͼ˿ɵģ⸽ħжԱȣطֱ֣ڸͼһ㡣
·̡ϸԼ߻ȣÿһмԱ仯ȫͬ
ħͼֻһֻʮ߼ʮϰļͼҲͰˣǡǣӵжǧߵģͼ
ϣմʦг𾪡
ӵЩʰ·ͼ֮⣬벻ʵʸħȻҲ˳ɫɫЩ̬ĵز
СӡֱǸ
ǵٹ۲һĶĶһֱԵ쳣֮𾪱ȴ
ʱЩͨʱȴͬ
ֻܴħʦɸħʱ죬ܶʱȴһЩħЧ
ŸħʦħϤ̶ȡ
ʮϤħĻôڻߵʱƱػżЩɻͣ١
ֻзǳϤħˣڻߵʱ硣
ģ⸽ħʱͷβĶûаֳͣ˿ҲûС
ȻҲû١
СӿɾˡٴΡѡ쳣Ķϣմʦа
û´ڳȷͼħʽ⼸ץһʱģ⸽ħǰܹɵĴͳǧ֮ࡣ
ôܹӵôĶ


160 רʯ
ӹָȻ뿪ħֽ
ֽһɫ߼Ƭ̺󣬸ħֽϱһҫ۵ɫâϣմʦһӳɷס
ɹˡϣմʦͷħֽ۲
ǧȻ㳤Ҳ֣˶߼ôһССĸħֽϣ֮˼⣬ȻûаغϣѾͬ漣һ㡣
ôߵϣħȻܹͨԼ죬ͲܲϣմʦΪ֮̾ˡ
ôӵĸħܹɣ֤ͼ֤ʵʸħ
ϣմʦһ鸽ħֽתͷʵ
м䡣
ϣմʦڸħֽп£Ȼָȥ

·͵ſ˫ᣬһͳ죬ħֽ϶Ȼðĸ׶׿
ÿһɼٸɫëɣ֦΢΢ڶĸ΢΢ȶĸϼǧƬĽëҲȶ·𱻷紵Ҷ㣬滺ӯҡ
ÿȶ⴦ʼë⵽ҡڣڱԵһɫΣȻ٣ȴҲ˸оʮ㡣
ÿȶżмƬë䣬Χ΢ȴԶ׼ɫâƮ䡣
ĸ޴Ǹħֽĳһ㡣
ϣմʦŸħֽԴһεؿ˰죬ڳһЩѵص⡭Ƶģ
ǰǿôȻʡ
Ҳǻɣֻǡšϣմʦ̲ס̽ȴһ˸գԳЦЦĻǻ󡣡
һ˵ţϣմʦһߴսһëϸܵ·ʱס̾Ϣһҡͷ
벻ȻƵͼʱҾ;ħͬѰû뵽ʵʸħЧȻôˡħѾԽһħı׼֮ΪþΪ
΢΢һЦˡ
šĵħ˵ϣմʦֶĸݺݵؿһۣŷ¸ħֽƬ̣ģ⸽ħĻͼƵӦûʲô⣬յĸħЧܹһôҸҿ϶ίһ⣬ҲӦ֪ģ⸽ħʵʸħϾͬοħôӣҪĲȻࡣӴ¡
ѵôЦŷʡ
ϣմʦһ漴Цһļ򣬴ûѾһˣȻܷ̫࣬úøɡСһܳɹģҪˣҼ츳ĸħʦֻҪԸ⣬һû⣡
ĻҾûаա΢΢һЦӰóһ
óϣմʦһЦȻֹ
羧ʯϣմʦľУֻһСʣǾȡôⶫĶģ
Ľͺϣմʦù羧ʯϸһüͷ΢壬ЦҲ֪˵أá
ΪʲôȻ
ܹлôķ羧ʯȻӦòŶԡ
ϣմʦаһ羧ʯʵ֪ʯ֮ô
ֻ֪ʯΪ⡢ʮ֣ľͲˡ
ʯǼϡٵĸħϣҪ˵ûֻǰѧԺû˼
ȷֻһ֡Ǵ˵ȴкü򵥵ģֺרר֮֡
ףǰϵԪְ֮ɣǡרר
Ҳһ֣̺Ԫ֮ԣҲпֻܳԵȻô¾ˣǻ˵˵רר⡣ϣմʦָָеķ羧ʯ龧ʯΪ̺ǷǳķϵԪ֮ô羧ʯΪԣֿרʯ
ҵԣüϣմʦеķ羧ʯȫʲôԡ
ǿģҪܷ̽֡
ϣմʦƬ̣ʾȵȣ뵽кԺһֻصǰ˫̯¶з羧ʯЩ龧ʯ
ֻе龧ʯġ
̽һ龧ʯʲôͬ
˫ָԽӹһ⾧ʯ˫̽
ֻһ˲䣬Ѿо龧ʯ
̽谭ֱӽ˷羧ʯڲظо⾧ʯڱ鲼ĻϵԪ֮ԼھʯɢһϵԪ֮
ֻ̽Ǹոʯ棬ͱʯͻȻðһԪ֮ȫܽС
˵еľʯǺһ㣬ôеľʯδСĹͷˡ
רʯǿʶɫľʯʵ
Ǵ
ϣմʦص˵ͷнӹǿ龧ʯкɫâһû뾧ʯڲ漴ʯȻȼһ㣬ʮ׸ߵĻ档
һ̲סɴ۾ϣմʦдӸղŵͨ΢תΪľʯ˲䷴Ӧ
רʯ
ȫӦϣרʯϣմʦЦЦջʯϱĻʱʧӰ١Ҳ˵ʯֻҲʹã㽻ĸħʦҲû취еĻϵԪ֮Զڳ֮ĸħʦ˵ʯһͨʯͷҲûʲô𡣡
룬ֵ̧̧ô˵Ƿרʯиħʦʹˣ
ûϣִǿרʯͬ⾧ʯרʯΪûиħʦԣеԪ̶֮һרʯҪΪħ˵ЧҪһЩȻˣЧһЩϾҲǾʯרʯֻ⣬ҪǶȥֻҲҪһǧң
һǧңгһôʱҲֻмʮöҶѣ
лõ⾧ʯȴֽסЦ
ѹϣմʦղŲ֪˵ûá
רʯЧãΪ̺ԣֻרĸħʦʹá
רʯȻЧһЩӵһΪصŵ㣬Ǿǿ
ҪǷרʯöáе羧ʯס
⾧ʯͶһǧң⾧ʯأ
ˣСӾͱ̾ˡһϧģϣЦҵħʦô꣬ԼռϵĴСӶ˲֪ٱҲռ⾧ʯѡСӵãһԼȥռϣռ⾧ʯ֪֪жۺ죡
ۺ죿ƲƲ죬ƤŵħеƸħʦƤŵħܣõۺҡ


161 ʶ
ʱղϣշԸԱһ˹Ȱѳ۵ݸϣգȻóһССǮ˫͵ǰ
شʦղų۵ЩϵǮܼʮöʮöңһ¡
ôࣿŶһ׼ӹǮʱԱߵϣմʦֽһһùǮ򿪿˿תͷԱصι¡ղЩҿǹ˵ģҵĹ㶥ҲʮöңôôģǼòǿҵĹϵķϣİɣ
⡭¡ĹԱһۣɫΡϣմʦ˵ЦˡЩϸй涨Ľչģ
ôôģǸղЩȫƷпܡϣմʦԲ⡣
ϣմʦ˵ˣЩϵȷȫƷ˵¡ؿһۡ
Ϊ˹ٳĸħУƤŵħÿչĲ϶Զּ㣬Ƕ¡ֹôθħϵչȴǵһμĸħȫﵽƷʸ
ȫƷ¡϶Ļشϣմʦʱһ㶡תͷ˳ѾԼùǮһööСҵɫŹ֡
Сӣտʼʶʱֻ֪ͼ͸ħʽ⼫ɫΪȻܹڶ̶һʱڣƳԼ˼칦ƵĻҪɫͼ
ָȻֻǸղżʶһģ⸽ħϣѾǳȷʵʸħͼҪɫ
һ㣬ܶͬ͵ĸħʦɾҪǿ̫ˡ
ϣմʦЩʷٷɭѧԺѧǡҲûһܹڽиħʱᲢۡ
ںħص㡪ȷȡһϣԼֻܸʰ·硣
ѾϣΪ֮̾ȴ֣СֻȥɭΧһȦ˳ռһЩħϣȻȫƷ
Ҫ֪һЩרѧĸħʦҲδܹ֤ԼռĲȫƷ
Ϊⲻѧʶ۹ԼռʱעйأҪǣĹϵ
õĻһ·ϸʸħϣǾôռõ
뵽ϣձȻ뵽ղóǿ羧ʯ
ܹһֻħռһ฽ħʦ⾧ʯСӵжá
ϣһǾ֡
ɭΧÿôð߽Ϊ˹ٳǣȥռϵĸħʦʤô฽ħʦַɨ£ɭΧƷĸħ϶Ӧñڹ˲ŶԡôôƷȥո
ܲƮ̲ݡ޶ʲôģרŵԺųҶӡųſɡ
ϣմʦҿôϣյĺ˼롣
ţŶˡϣհѸղŶ¡ùǼɫ۵ݸûʲôرģ𲻴󡣡
˵ͷȴǽӹϸϸ
ָһָۣܵϴỬʱȷеĲ롣
ȻҪֺʵĻħίˣǸǮˡ
ѳ۷ȥؿ˼飬½ںͼڳĴŹȷ۵ȷϣմʦ˵ûʲôر𡪡ҲǶԸħûκӰ̧ͷϣմʦʵϣմʦܸ׼һô
ھ͸ħϣշʵ
ţȻж׼ˣҲûбҪٵˡͷȻ̾һϧܺί˵һ£»һЩСϸ⡣
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ί˵ҪͬͼƾͻһЩõĺʽǸħʦί˵潻̽һ£ȵħʦȷί˵Ҫٿʼͼ
Ǽ˸ħʱ򣬾ġ
ǵҪʱϣմʦȴܾˣǡ
û취档̾ϢϣҡҡͷҲõģɵĸħЧղģ⸽ħЧһҸұ֤һġ
ü룬Ҳֻεؽʵ
ϣյĴٴѾΪϤĺԺֻһȴȥϴʱסǸ䣬С¥һұߵһ䡣
ʱоħõķ䣬Ƕ֪أšϣմʦ䣬ָָұߵһӡҪʲôߵĻ涼С⻹ʲôҪĻһͻ죬ҪǲеĻ֪ͨҲС
˵ͷϣմʦʾлֻһħѣΪȻôܵ
ۺͲмӣϣüʵȷݲϾ͹ôʧܴ̫ӰɹʵĻʵȫһʵ顣
ղֻݲϱҪɸħϣʵһ
Ȼħͼħʽ󲿷ֲ϶ԼռģҪھһȫµģһ˸ӵĸħϣվʵЩ˼顣
΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
Ȼû˵ʲô͸¶ļᶨȴѾӹɡ
Сӣ治֪˵źûԴáϣҲֻεҡҡͷת׼뿪
׼ţȴ͸ŷ쿴ڻͳһʱһһŴƿ˽ȥٶȰеĶ˹
ˣ
Ȼֳ˻ϣմʦôˣ
ôˣϣմʦֽסղŴĶҸղź˵˰죬ԭûȥ
̲סͷɻʵϣմʦôˣ龧ʯǷԵģʺħ
ոħʽ㣬м̺żǿķϵԪ֮ķ羧ʯĻÿһθħӦöԽԼϣħɹЧһлħʱЧá
ôҲû뵽ֻǸͳ龧ʯͻᱻͻȻϣմʦһ˹ȥ
ϻҲ֪ʺϣǷǳʺϣԴʶϣմʦǵһοı˷ŭ֪֪СӸڱ֪֪羧ʯļֵжߣ
ղ˵ҵרʯֲȥֵ̯
ϣմʦɴ۾촽һ£̲û໰СӣǲǾһǮļֵ
ѵôȻʡ
㡭һȻı飬ϣպȻйƤһһۣȴðɣңûúý龧ʯ塣šˡȻרʯֻרǸħʦܵеԪ֮ԲȥⲢûټֵǡǡ෴ʵң˵ڴŸһĸ߼ħʦרʯļֵҪԶȷרʯöࡣ


162 ˹
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôϣЦЦѾʯݸͷڻʲôһȻͷҸ㣬һרʯܹ弶ħʦҶħʦ󲻴󣿡
ⲻܣɵص
ʲôЦֻһרʯ弶ħʦҶħʦ½ҲֻʮҶħʦˡ
пܡȻҲпܡϣϵУȻ˿ɬ㻹弶ħʦҲûнӴҶħʦԲ֮ʵҸ㣬֮ǳССܶʱ򶼿ԺԲƵĵزǡǡһȴܹҶħʦɺܶ弶ħʦû취ɵĸħҶħʦҡȴֻ弶ħʦ
΢΢üʲǶôͨȴҲϣմʦеĲʡ
Ȼͬϣմʦ˵Ҷħʦֻܹ弶ħʦһЩħĻôҶħʦΪиħʦƳĿꡣ
οҶħʦһȼ֡ǸħʦһЩԸħѧ׿Խ׵ĸħʦĳƺŽˡ
һֶĳɼĿ϶ȫǶʵĻ֡
֪ħѧʷϣǳֹܶħʵʵرɫҶħʦ
ϣ̾һ˰֣˵ϻˣһǸרʯΪʲôôɡרʯҲǾʯðҲǷϻ֮רʯ߱ʯӦеԣҲǿħЧǺͷרʯͬרʯΪרħʦԣʹרʯиħʱ龧ʯԪ֮Էǳ׵رħʦ龧ʯ̺Ԫ֮жôӴ㶮ɣ
ͷ
ڸħʦԡиħʱҪһԵ̺Ԫֻ֮һ߱ħĿԡ
Ҳ˵õרʯĻȫԽɸħ
ϣմʦ϶õˣΪרʯеԣרĸħʦʹ龧ʯϽиħʱɵĸħЧԶʹ÷רʯáʵҪĻרʯרʯǿʯͷˡ
ݸ
Ȼϣմʦ˵רʯרʯȵȷ㲻ʲôȻǷǳѵõĸħϣɾһʯͷ
ȻרʯЧôáﲻãʡ
ϻרʯôܵõһѾײˡôõԺõʱô죿ϣմʦһ۵
ҿɲʲôѵõġʼ
Ȼռ龧ʯʱȷЩѡ̴ͷβ֮Իγ龧ʯΪֻ޻꾫̺Ԫ̫֮߰ˡ
һֻ̺ͬôԪ֮ħޣҲһİٴʯ
ΪʲôרʯͲ̫ˡ
ޣСӱ˱ԡ⾧ʯзרʯʮ⾧ʯɾֻרʯˣ㻹úϧ
ֻðѾʯս̾ϣմʦʵҷҪרʯһħ֤ڵˮƽû취ħһʲôãԺ󻹲һղˡ
ϣɫ˱䣬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ㻹ᣬԻ֪ЩʱܹһеĿ꣬Ѿ㹻οˡ
ϣϵı飬֪Ȥزټ˵ȥ
ϣճƬ̣عļʲôû˵ת뿪
ŰעתϵĲ̣΢΢ü
ϣմʦʹ龧ʯĿǣû龧ʯİЩԭԤθħĲϣֻΡ
θ㶨ޱȵĸħ
лһ´ħʼղϣմʦǰһģ⸽ħḶ́һȻû̫ţȴҲûκεǡ
Сƿ̾¶׼õУѾͣץȡϷ˽ȥ
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ſı飬һЦ
༶ڿʦѾнӽһʱ䣬һ꼶İѧǶһ˽⣬ЩѧѧϰʱĿ̶̿Ҳһʶ
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ܺã˹ͻȻЦأһοһɸħؼס̾ܳɹѾˣ벻̶̲µʱûԸħȻѾ̶ֳȣǰСˡ˵ҡҡͷ̾ϢѾָȻǾÿϧ
ЦЦû̫ķӦ
ӷѧԺڲʼѾ̫˳Ϊš
ֻԼȻȷһ츳֮ӵڵˮƽǰεʵʸħ飬Լεģ⸽ħԭڡ
ûоԼĶôš
ûʲôӦ͵ụ࿴һۣȴЩˡ
ԴӱʷٷɭѧԺڿ˹ѧԺڿܾƳ磬˵УǶѾǲɶõš
Ǽ˹ںһʱȴ佱ǣǲҪ
Ϊ˹Ŀǰ˹ѧԺڸħˮƽߵѧһֱܵ꼶ѧ𾴣˶㶼ûʲô
ڣ𾴵˹ѧȻǵ棬ޱسһˣ
ˣǴһֱķѧԺѧģ
أʲôôȻʵ
ţŶûʲôҪ飬ô
㿴ǼǸ˹ٳǣﻹ̫Ϥ֮ǰ˵˹ٳиܳɸħ㳡ܴȥô
ǰ˵кܶϡŹֵĶиħأһȥɣû˵ʲôѾ߹ļȵصò˹ٳǼһӿ˹ͬ磬ܲҲɣ
ǣͬ磬ѧħģӦúú׽׽Ҳһ԰ǻ
˹üͷһ壬ΪͬĹϵһ·϶͵ᡢһ𣬶ǵԸͺϤڼ˵ľٶ²Ҫʲô
Ҫֹʱ˹˺Ȼһſȴ˵˺ȫͬĻ
ǰأϴΪʱȣûܺúģοɲٷŹˡ˹ҿ˿̾˵Ҳû˹٣һŷ仯󣬺ܶطҶϵáҪû·Ļ㲻һǶء
ЦҡҡͷҪ˹ܰ˴˹ѧԺҲΪͬһǰˡ
ðɣǡýûʲô飬ʹһתתɣ˵ʵȻ˿һ£ȴҲôϤ
ȷû˵ѣȻﲻʱˣȴΪ󲿷ʱ䶼ɯҴţżţҲƤŵħС
Ȼ˹ٳǰԹôƺţԣĿǰֻСħ֮һƺŵõ֤
ŶǸãһȥֺˣ·˴ʾˡļǰȻͣͷǸɸħ㳡ôߣ
ס˸ָָۣ
߷ˡ


168 Ҷ
ɸħ㳡ʵֻ˹ٳǶһԭͨС㳡ѡ
ֻʷٷɭѧԺ˹ٳǽټŵ۹˹ٳǵĸħʦԽԽࡣ
ȻǷ̵ֵ֣Щ̣ȫ㸽ħʦ֮䣬ԼħʦҪħ֮ĽǱɸħ׵
£ǼħʦС㳡һЩħϣԼһЩħΪɵգǰѰҸħĸħʦԽԽ࣬㳡ҲԽԽ
ϰʱ䣬Ȼ˹ٳڼǨ㳡ȴȻҾôʱķչССĹ㳡𽥱˹ٳڣԼ˹ٳܱ߷Χɸħó׹㳡
㳡Ȼռز󣬵ȴ˹ٳԼܱ߹ĸħҵ񣬾̵ֵĺܶҲ
˸ħϵ֮⣬˹ٳĸħġ˹ٳڵðҪԼװиħʱһʱ뵽ľ̵Щװκĸħ̣
ΪħʦƼټϲûκνżҲ˹ٳĸħʦཻĵط
Ǹ߸ϵ弶ħʦҲãǸոսӴħѧͽ㲻ϵĳѧҲãԼˮƽ൱ĸħʦ
˵ħʦŸħʦĺŽᣬʷٷɭѧԺŸħʦĽôɸħ㳡ʹŸħʦ֮ƽȡɺͽ
˹ٳڣطÿħʦ֪ͼסĵط
һɸħ㳡ʱʱ֡ȻգʱֵΪȣǹ㳡ڴ˿ȻͷӿӿС
ȥ㳡ڳҸð֮⣬Ҳкܶűͨ˵Ĵڡ
ȻȻɸħ㳡ôȻǸħ
һȥԼҵĽֵȫǺ͸ħصĸֵ̣ڽĸɫ˵ȣģõģٶм˸Ÿɫâĸħװ


169 ͼֽҲ
ܿϵƷʣһɫڲϵתƣתڶȦ̡
͵ϣڶȦȻȻܶǳ۸ħϵĵ̣ʣµһСֵȻڷŵĶһЩͼֽ
ΪܹʷٷɭѧԺеѧǵȻһۿЩͼֽȻȫͼصĸħʽ
⻹ǵһο˹ͼ͸ħʽ
߽һҵ̣һͼֽʵҲô
һԼʮˣ߽ӭ⣬һۣЦеصǵһô
ͷǿ˹ġ˵ʵ⻹ǵһμеͼ͸ħʽء
һЦҪ˵ͼ͸ħʽˣ˹ٳֻҪ͸ħйصĶʲôҪǮĻ˵ҶħʦоʼǶء
ҶħʦоʼǣʶǮ
۾һһָϸ£˹ٻʼ˵˹ʦһоʼǣճɽۡʮҡ
ͬʱһ
ʮң
һоʼǣ
һζԳΪҶħʦӵǿҵĿ
𾪹Щ֣ΪʲôǱ˵ģǵ˹ʦоʼǣ
ɯЦᣬòһ͵͵ó˰ɡ
ǡͼôģһع񣬶˶еͼֽ
ǾҪʲôͼֽˡǺĵؼ͵ͼֽһħͼԼظħʽ㣬Ϊöҡ
öңشһмֵöҵͼֽȻһ㶣ôûиħʽ
΢΢һЦҪȻǺ͸ħʽһ𡣡
ʱ׹
ӦΪ˷ֹиħʦͼֽ͵ѧ
ȴЩ⣬ָָǽϵͼֽԼͼֽħʽĻô죿
ûȵ͡ƲƲʲôЦ˭ôܹ⿿һͼֽħʽ
ǵҲǲܡȴЦЦˮƽߵĸħʦǿһġˮƽĸħʦôܿЩһħ˵͵ѧȥҲҹħʦԴ˿ϸ涨ġ
Ŷ´һǽϵͼֽŷ֣ҳͼȫֻһħ
и߼ħͼôʡ
ȻС꾭ӪһļͼżҲ弶ͼ˶١Ҫϵͼô
һ죬ֵذڰ֣Ȼˣֻһ꼶ѧˣûʼѧħء
һЦȻ翴һ㡣
㿴ɡҪĻҡ
͵˵ͷͷ۲ǽҵͼ
Ȼ⿴ͼѧϰħ۲һħʦƵͼпܵؿ˼·
ȹ۲ģǵϱߵͼΪȻߣôͼӦЩͼмֵģ˵ǵҲӦġ
ȴûкһۿͼߵ̨ǰĵʵҸղſһ£ﻹչͼ
ͷȻҿƲôͼ㿴Щͼչġ
Ǽ۸һô㣿ʡ
۸񲢲̶ΪҪͼʵЧͲĵȶ෽濼ǡһ˵һħͼʮҵһ֮䣬ħͼһҵ֮䡣
ħͼ߳ôࣿȻ
ȻһħͶħôᲢۡȻص
ħأ
ħһۣȻƳħȻĵػشħͼչΪʮöңߡСħͼУһۼ۸ߴһǧöң
͵ʴ͵עʱĻʱһ
ħͼһǧöңҪ弶ħ
弶ħͼѵãС꿪ҵѾӽʮꡣյ弶ͼҲŶѡ˵Цһ뿴弶ħʦʲôô׳ԼƵıͼ
ͷ
ͼȻǲۣȻԼƵĶظħһδθ˸ħȡ׬ø࣬һ˵ԽǸ߼ĸħʦԽ׹Լơ
ǡһͼҪôȻ
͵ᶼһ㶡Ȼղź͵ʴͲµԼƵͼû뵽ȻھҪۡ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ЦȻҪֻҪͼ㹻ɫжҪ١׼õͼֽô
ֻˡҡҡͷ
ӹݹֽͱʣ࿴Щɡ
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ͼֽݸʱ͵ᶼƳͼֽϵʮϡ裬ʮûС
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Ƶͼͼô
ӹݹͼֽ˰죬Ҳɻ
һǿЦʲôħЧʲô
ǸħƤѥٶȵĸ棬ЧܹߺСһٶȣͬʱħɺƤѥܹħͬǿҵĹâ
ħʲôáٴȻ
ķӦȴ˴ͬ۾һЩ˷ܵ׷ʵܹħһǿҵĹâȷ
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˵ͷ¿һͼֽȴüͷ
ͼϴߵʵ̫٣ȫ˵ʵ
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ܸɴشӵнӹħֽҲûʲô׼ָ£ֻգ˼۾Ĺ򣬾Ѿڸħֽһͼ
ԼĹâ˶úħֽϵͼͼֽϵͼһģһ
ԼϣħֽϹȻ˵ֳԵĵɫâ
˿â̲סɴ۾
˵û֪⿴âĻ϶Ϊĸħħ
͵һۣϵıԵľ㵡
Ϊ˹ѧԺܹʷٷɭѧԺеѧǵȻҲԹԼͼҲɹٿеĸħƣһЩƸȫ˱׼ͼȫµơ
ǵƣĸħЧԶԶ׼ͼ֪׼ͼǿ֮⣬Ҳ֪ԼͼѶȡ
ֻһͼȻԾǽڱ׼ͼϣȴôٵ߾Ѿ߸ǶԱ׼ͼʶҪ˵ħЧҲ˾档
ѵĸħˮƽѾߵֵز
͵ɫþࡣ


170 ұ
Ŀʱ
Ȼħħʦͽȴ˸ԼϵװħΪʵ˹󽻼ʳܶ˸ԼŪһ߼ħΪҫѡ
ͼɺ¶ЧȻħӽʵʹõĲȴһħЩȻûǮϲҪӵļһ֪ˣǻ֮͡
ղ˵ܹҪͼأ뵽̲ס׷ʡ
һʲô۸չʡ
һ㶣еͼֽһۣǿѹеļװӵšȻħ˼ϾûʲôʵЧֻһħɣʮöңô
߰ɡͷߡ
һ뵽Ȼ˸ɴֿ࣬еͼֽһۣæʮöң
Ѿƿš
ʮö
һֻ̤˳ȥ
һöңѾ߼ˣ˻ߵغ˳
Ųסתߵ̨ǰ֡
ֽͱʡ
һѺ
벻һʵЩľګģȻôɾ䡣
⼸ͼֽȻ˳ʱŵʦǼͼ
Ѿ飬˵ͼҲǮ
Ȼóʹħͼ϶߼ۡķԼʱ;ĸħ˼򵥵Ľȥ˹ٳǰϣմʦƵǸͼҲ˼ܹóֵġֻʣ⼸һħơ
ӹħֻֽ˼ӣѾʣµͼȫϡ
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ΪͼǴͷȫСһȫ԰ͼһ
Ϊ⼸ħԣȻҪȵף۸ҲԶøߡ
յľ飬һͼҲʮöң
Źͼ׬ȡöҡĿС
صĸħʽ󣬵ˬذöҽ
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ٱһʱЩɫ
⡭˻࿴һ£ŮǰԲҲСû˺ô
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ΪֻǱ˵⳥򶯣֮Ů˲۾Ȼ촽һСصǡҵĴұ
Ů϶ġµġּſУ֪ԭƺͨĴƿȻǰĳӶʱɹʹ͵ġ̵ʱⶫʮ󣬱Сĵرͼƿұ
ΪʲôŮҪײأ
ΪΪ財ˡ׷£Ů۵һѾкü춼ûˡҡҽҽ˵ҪöǮǼûǮˡ
ƿóŮͷΧɻصɸħ㳡Ѵƿõôõ
ŮĿ˶٣۾Щ޹صҲֻ֪֪˶࡭
ε̾˿תͷᣬͷСƿӼȻѾˣҲû취ԭҿӣҲû취ֵǮɣղ˵ƿӣΪҪ迴ҽûиҪǮ㸶ˡ
ŮٵͷϵƬ룬Сصҽ˵Ҫʮҡ
˶һ㶣ʮöңȻ˵رĿҲԲС
ô˵ŮĲֻ²򵥡
뵽͵ϵıֶ˼ͬ顣
ãʮöǰɣ㡣һֱ齻ĵʱˬӦ
ɫȻ
˶٣˵٣Ǯô
ţ٣˼
ͷܲ˼غٺЦʮöҡ
ʱ̲ס˸ۣСϾûǮ˰
ɵЦⲻղô฽ħ
һղҪԲϵʶǵû¾ץһѲѯʡ
ÿζΪҪħϣÿζƷʽϸߵصݸᣬõ᱾벻򶼲˼ֱ˵
תһȦȻ֪ԲϵʶʮֳɫȴҲѵĺɰͿˡ
뵽ҲֻðԼǮ˳ǷǮһʱס
⡭Ҳֻʣöˡ
ɵۣô죿
һۻ̱ڵϣһƬŮȻôҲ˵ּۻ۵Ļ룬ͷһֱںûʲôӦ
ءǸܽҵǮô
˵仰ʱжˡ
͵ʶΪֹҲŲСʱѣΪ˹ѧĹϵСʱ֮ǰİˡ
ڣȴҪǮ
ֻоԼڷա
أҽġԱߵĵᵹô࣬ŵô˵ƿҲײģǮȻӦҵġôأȽöҰɣһ˹ѧҾһ㡣
ָָϵСŮƺЩʵǴʮöң
ǰײ˼ҵĶȻҪˡ
ôøղŷײģ


171 ƭ
ģ͵תͷڵСΪԵ÷Ůҡͷ
תͷʱ˵ɫ㶼Щѿ
أ㲻Ǯֱ˵αԩ˼Сɫص
Ȼû˵ϵı͵Ҳࡣ
·֮ĶԻСŮǡʱ˿
ΧͶĿ⣬ǲͣߴٵأˬ軹ǲ裿ҪǲĻȥ˹ѧͷǡߣ㲻Ͻ裬Ǿǿϵġ
Եķ̲ûκβǰڷѧԺܵļ̶ȻԶ
ֻ˸ƣʾԵһ£ȻҲŮǰһߴӵϼ𼸿ƬһŮʵܲһ£õʲô
һԵĵʱһŭ
СӣϽǮˣڻȥСĲֱС˿Σ
ȥȴһס
Լ΢΢ҡͷҲֻǿеŭ
ŮڵͷСšʱ⣬˶٣̧ͷȻãȻҡҡͷҲ֪ҽû˵
һᣬղŲµûСõĲ϶ᣬҽΪģûи˵
Ȼŭյһλ
ҽû˵ûмǴĻղ˵ֻʣ˶԰ɣȻõǲ֢֮ôҪٻǮĲΣղ˵ڴ˺üҪôءҪôͱ뻨ܶǮĸҽֻҪʮöҵġ
ûŮش𣬵Ѿһ嵽ǰȭͷҪȥȴסŭأСӻôû˼Сôˣ㻹˵ֻССϽǮˣô˺ôС㻹ǲˣ
˵һۣЦЦûᵤᣬŮʵһôղ˵һӶˣȻƿǸ͸ģܸʲôô
СŮ·ǱͻȻıŴˣ⣬еƵĻشҲֻ֪֪˽˹޴ʦ
˹޴ʦѵ͵һۣһ㶡ѵҶħʦ򡤿˹ޣ
ԣǽ֣СʱŮæӦ
Ȼ벻̾Ȼڿ˹޴ʦӶˡ
ǰһֱԺءŮȻһ֡ˣˣ̻˵ƿϺǸ˹޴ʦġʲôħʲôĶ
ħͼ͵
ԣ
͵˴ͬʱͷһƬֻϧ
ƿ򡤿˹µԼƵرħƿļֵ޷
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Ҫ⳥Ůʮöң󲿷ǳͬ飬ڵ֪ƿļֵƽˡ
أһ䣬㵽׽費裿Ļھȥ˹ѧͷˡߴٵ
衣ȻЦЦΪŮƭӡ
ƭӣ͵һ£漴ŭأֻöҶѣ㲻Ͳ裬ҲϡﻹҪ˼С
ڵѯŮʱѾѵϵƬ£һʱмһԭӦǵƬݸǿıǡ
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ǡ֤ƭӡҡҡͷת̱ڵϵŮЦò˵ǻǺ¹ģȻ˿˹޴ʦļһʲôϧȴ֪˹޴ʦǸħΪʵʱʹõ޻̫Ӵ󣬶ʱʵûʲôǮʹõ޻඼һƷʣƷ֮ڸȷһյʱȻ뵽ʹ޻Ϊһգʱ뵽ģȴǸƷ޻ùһƷʵ޻
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ͷĿ⣬Ůǡ˵ġ̡ۡ
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֮⣬һ󡣡ڵϼһƬýϼһ·ԵĻ̳лһͼ
͵ῴһۣͼǰûнӴɻؿ
Ҹղ˵ˣǺ¹ΪߵƿϣǾȻһħļƿǲиħԲôǡǻǷһ󡣡ָָԼͼûĻͼʵһħħƤѥĻϸĶģЧȴԲ׼ͼ
ô֪Ȼ֪ôͼôҲ֪ỹ̲סص
ΪƵĳԡ򵥵ػشһ£Ůղ˵ƿϵĸħɿ˹޴ʦɵģô˵ģңΪʲô˹޴ʦɵĸħЧ˲һħңΪʲôҪһõĻƿһħҪ֪ħЧǻߵЧģͲһƿӾô
ҡҲ֪Ůͱ˵Ŀֻܴ࣬ҡͷҲ֪Ĳ֪⡭ЩǸҵġҲ֪Ҫˣ
ŮȻһ·𿴵ħһ㣬ӵϵתܣһʧڹ㳡ڵãã֮С
ŮԶ͵˰죬ŷӦ
ԭŮƭӣ


172 
ءҡ㡭ῴͷ˰죬ȴǲ֪ô˵
ղ˵ôֵĻҪͻȻת̬ȣʵЩΡ
ŮʧķüһŻعͷϵɫֻЦЦĵˣǻҪô
͵ụ࿴ˡ
Ƕɸħ㳡ǳ棬Ǿƭ¼һ뵽ղͬ飬СﾹȻǸƭӣʱȫޡ
ټǽ֮ǰΪ˹ѧĻЩھºȻĸħˮƽѾʮ֮ͬȴֻиΡ
һ˵ȻѾټⷦζĹ֡
Ǻðɣǵȥ˹ǻϰɡ˵ͷȴֲĵصûҪĶôֱȥĻӦûü
ûУһεĻشҪöˣ
߰ɡ
㳡ȥһߣһ̲סѯʡ
أʲôʱʼǸСƭӵģ
һʼҾͻˡ
Ϊʲô
ûзôǺײĵطǼҳͼĵſڣһСﱧŴƿֵܸʲôҾӦǹġ
Ŷô֪˹޼ļһʵİ޻ģ
һϿġ
һ顭ʲôʱЩҿɣ
лĻ
ô֪Ǹƿϵͼģһ¸̽鲻
Ҫһرַ

˽Զȥ֮ǼҳͼĵǰһԼʮӴ˹
ףʲôǿſԵһƬһ۹һɨֿ̳ղŻǸͼͷһмƲƲ죺ôõҲ˼ˡ
ٴһҡҡͷ뿪ֱ̳ƿ˽ȥ
һȥѾʴ壬ˡ
ʱڹ̨ǰһЩ̧ͷһۣЦųͷԼ˰ԼҾͲкˡ
˵ԼǵȻ͵ʮ˵ͷ㱳ڵת
ǽϹŵͼһȦԼɫЩ˵ʴ壬ôЩôûյһЩ»
ЦΪ·»У˵ȻһԴ㲻˵ˡҸողյͼһħҲ֪ûȤ
һһɣþûµĶͲͷˡԼʼ硣ӵнӹͼֽ
õͼֽʱı黹ںҴм˿мɨͼֽۺɴ۾רע
Լӡд󶨡
ǽΪɫرͼǲԼǵȤġ
ܹ¶ַ·˿ʳʱı飬Ѿ˵ͼֽļֵ
㻨ʮӣԼǲſһͼֽȻȲطڶţֱ˽ȥ
Ӳվڹ̨ǰ㻨һСʱŰͼֽȫꡣ
ڼ䣬Ⱥˣ˶еͼֽʾ棬ȴȫ˵Ѿˡ
ֱԼǿһͼֽ˵һۣȻӻͳһǮڹ̨ϡ
⼸ͼֽҪˡ
ᶨɡ
˵˵߾ǡǮڹ̨ϵһ죬Ц۾
ƾľԼԼǵ˽⣬ǮҲʮöң
չͼֽȴ˽öҶѣ
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ƽʱ϶Ҫ̲סڸո׬ôһǮãҲôƽϣЦǺǵؽȥ˰ɨɨ
ɨ˼º󣬵Ȼ͵һţյص汿ΪʲôûǸСӵϵʽ
תͷֵˣȴֻãã˺ȴﻹܷ˵Ӱ
ԶԶؿϷԲ⣬Ծؼӿ˽Ų
ڽһӾɭֱȥƤŵħУټһ춼ƣһֱûüȥһˡ
ھɭȹ죬Ѿӽûлص˹ٵġҡˡ
ͷһļʳģӣסЦ
Ҳ֪Щʳģɯ᲻ϲأ
׼ʱĵɸħ㳡ڴ˹ˡ˻غϺ˹Ҫѧһ𹲽͵ģΪ޸ոճ궫ڲƴǣֻûǡ
֮ʣҲ֪ǳʲô˵ѣҪȥԼʱȥһʳģӲ
ƴǲҲֻ
ҪʾлĻҲôʳİɣһѴгķＹ⵽˵Сײ˶еʳģ뵽ʱ˹˺ͷ޼ѶԼʱĹŹֱ飬ֻÿЦá
Щʾһ£ЩʾҲ̫ˡ
ҲãʡһǮ̾һļˡ
ƶ֮£ܿѾСľǰһȴľݵĴų
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һ£̧ͷ¥ȥȴֶ¥ɯķûаӰʶٰ̧ʱȴһ㶡
ľ¥촰Աߣɯϥݶļⶥϡ
ʱǡϦµʱԶĺӹϦɯϡ·һ㱡ĽɫΡ
ɫͷǵûбϦĹâڸǣϦ¸Ե
΢紵ԼƷ΢΢ڶƽʱԵǷмӢӱ
һ̵ɯֻǰݶϣдż˿ãȻԶϦ
Ŵ󷴳̬ɯüͷֱ³Щ⡣
еʳķ£һ˲˫һħƤѥ󷨣Ȼԭ£͵һϥǣڿն
ڰʱɯѾӦתͷ㿴ݶϡ
㰡ˡɯǻȻ΢΢Ȼôģ
ġʼ磬˿ɯƽԴ͵ı飬üôˣΪʲô﷢
ɯǣǣǣ¶һǿЦݣûʲôֻɹ̫
ɹ̫϶̿Ĵ磬ٿһԶȻѾҪȴȻϦҡҡͷ̫ɽˣû
ɯиðһ֣ȴȻһ졣
ݸɯԭϦɹɽɫʱѵõͨ죬Ц˲˻ˣһͿ
Ȼɯ죬ȴҲûжʣתȥʳ߽
հһƬＹŽУһʱɯƿ˽
ϵװʳĵĴ﷭һ޹ϴϴһҧȥɯһ̾ȻǷ´½һ


173 ǳ
٣Щ˶ģȻ⣿㷢˰
æ֮лͷһۣƺָƽʱ̬
ȻңǱ͵ġ
ˣϣմʦܲЩɣɯɵǳϣմʦ֮⣬˹ٳǻʶʲôˣ
ѵҲʶôûصðɣʵ㣬˼ӿ˹硣
˹ʶģɯͷ롣ˣ쵽ʷٷɭѧԺѧ˵ʱˣòǰڷѧԺͬѧɣ
Ȼû¶ԣҲࡣιץôôѳõϣһĵɯ֣ùһѲӵݸǿ˹ѧԺһѧԺѧ˶ǱʷٷɭѧԺѡеġ
ɯȲزƬӽȴ̵úֱ죬᲻µ֮£Ȼ϶һȫȥˡ
ɯöһŵһ£ɴ۾̲סЦöôһǴ۽硣
ɯݺݵغһˮһۡô˵ѧԺǷѧԺǿȻ˶ʷٷɭѧԺѡС
ûѧԺ־ͽ˹ѧԺǿ˹һѧԺ
ǷѧԺأϴ˵֮⣬һҲѡˣ
ţǷѧԺһɫš
벻㻹ĨǵؿԼءɯһ߳һЦ
ңԼ
԰˵ǸǷѧԺһɫţһǱʷٷɭѧԺеģⲻ˵ԼҲô
Ҳ֪Լǲǡʼ硣ⲻҪϵźܶ࣬νжٸ˵մʳģתʼˡ
˲ٽ̸ֻʣеĲײ׵ĵʳڹзĆԼɯڳŶ
һʱ䣬Ȼмְ
ֱһ˵ʱɯȻڡ
ǳˡ
˭ϵʲô飬Ҳ⡣
Һ͡ҲҺ˭ҡɯ˫üʹ˻еĲӡ֮ǳˡŶָҺͻԡǡûķݡ
Ҹôһ۹ȷҪһߣɯ˵ɣô£Ƿֿʱ򣬲ǿǻúõô
ʵѾԾˡɯ̾˿ʶòѾԹһҾӦûʲôģû뵽ô̲סˡ
˵˰죬Ϊʲô
ʵܼ򵥡ɯͣ¶㻹ǵһǸʱô
Ǹ̾Ķô
šһʱ㻹ǵʱô
һ£üʣָķ棿
ǡɯ˰֪֡㲻ע⵽ġˡ֪Ǽ˾ˡ֮ҽ鱾ãڿ֮ͺôһȻٳԵһζ͸˺ܶࡣ
˵ɯ˶٣һۣصлл㡣
һ⻹һοɯı顣
⡭ÿ
ɯ¶һӡоӦóϵЦݣȻͷ
а̾ȻɯĹϵѾԶȳʶʱ࣬ȴȻԼǰġ
극ɯرʾҪԼʰϳ˳
֮࣬Ҳֻȥˡ
صԼӰȡһ鷭
ǰЩͨϣմʦĹϵһħšֻЩæίУûʱ䷭
ħšĵһҳһ仰סˡ
ħʼ˸ħż
һͶħʲô
ڶҳ
һħǰħʦ˽⸽ħʲôħǰħʦ˽⸽ħʲôħøħʦ֪ħʵܵģ
ôĿʱʧЦȥ
ڽһͶħѧϰʱ򣬸ħʦӴĸħͨѾ˱׼ͼ͸ħʽħʦֻҪձ׼ȥѧϰաħʼȴκεı׼ͼ͸ħʽΪʱ𣬸ħû˹̶ģʽ
һ㣬ᡣ
뿪ѧԺһ·Լ˹ٳӴĸħѾ˹̶·ûʲô׼ԡ
ΪħЧҪͬҲͲܿͬһͼͬĸħʽ㣬Դʱ򣬸ħʦԼƸħ
Ȼܶ฽ħʦƶеĸħ٣ٳȫµƣȴҲøħֱ仯
ȥͼֽȻЩʵĻϲ洦ЧԶ׼ͼЧЧһ棬ȴԶȱ׼ͼǿöࡣ
ѹϣմʦ˵Ҫġħšô֡
ΪⱾϿƪ˵ʵʱȻδشﵽħҪ󣬵ڸħʶȴѾﵽҪ
Ƹħһ棬ѾⱾġĳԿϹ¸ħĲθࡣ
Ĳ˵ƾƵʹħѾȫԽһ㡣
ȻûԴ󵽾ԼѾһϸħʦ
Եķƪ󣬷ⱾĶȻ󲿷Ѿ͸Ҳйʵ飬һȴǰδӴĶȻܹߡ
ýζʱһƿ
ʲôô飬ƽ򴳽ɯ
ˣϰɯͻȻ롣
ߣǵѧԺȥɯһ־ק
һҪȵȣ˵ȥѧԺȻ
԰ǿǸʲô˿ڵѧԺŶ㲻ȥôɯ۾Ц
ʲôҵ˿˵ûѧԺʱ䣬ȥֿ
㻹˵ǣɯȴô࣬չӲק˳ȥ
ϴţɯеԿף벻ȥҲˡ
εصҪȥҲУҲҪһ·ɣ
Ŷɯ˿ϻڷﴩ·ƲƲ죺Ϳˣʲôûġ˵кôһŰ壬ÿγŶҪԼʵʵģ˭һ
۾һɣ˵ô
ɯһ£漴Цſ˫ۣһצļƣ
ھͷһ㿴
˲ڽɸħ󷨣ŲһѾŲʮ׿⡣
һܣһ߻ڿиߺ
˷񡭡
ҹ紵ɳҶɳɳ죬˵ĻЦһ·Զȥ


174 ѧԺ
ôôħѧԺϵĴǰɯüЦ
Ǻ֡ѧԺſڽഩħ۵ѧǣ˵ͷΪʲôô֣
ΪǶѧԺһһȵıҵᡣɯС﷭˷ҳһĶݸſڵ
ҪôȻ
ָָʾ˿Թȥ
ɯùһִͷ˽ȥ
ȻˡѧԺıҵ˹ٶܶԴءɯеĻҲġ
ôϸôͷ˴һۣȻÿûѧԺУյڽ֮ǰʾ
ۣȻ뵽һҪ⡣
ѵƽʱѧԺҲôϸôЩŵʵ
һƽʱҲôϸĻԺ˿ˣ˿һ˶鷳
ǵȻܡƽʱϲܵģֻǽ⡣ɯĻشףǲô
ɯȻһ֣ǰ溰١
ǰ治Զ·ߣΧŵ򡤿תͷɯĸ첲ϵЦݶʱࡣ
ԲˡԱ߼ӱǸһ첽ߵɯԱߡĸ첲ⱧԹôҶ˰ˡ˵ǼŬŬ졣㿴˼ֻ˵ĲӬ
ҪҪҰǸߣɯƳǼһۡص
ȥٶֻӬɯһۣɯߵͷʾ⣺һΪ㲻ء
ΪʲôôΪ
ΪҾ²Ǹֵˡ
ԸоȡȷǸرֵˣŲӴζѣôͿˣ
µûһﱾǲġҰӲקˡɯЦ
Ӳקģȵصɴ۾һڿЦ
Ҫʲôûҡ̯εص
֪μѧԺᣬʧôգգ۾ʵ
㣬ҾòС΢Ц
΢΢һЦ˫סȹڹһ
лл
ɯǵһʶһŵصһֱľͷ벻㻹ͦṧάŮӵ
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εƲƲ졣
ȷ˵ʵ
ǰʱΪðСǼɫħۣһͷɫȻ֮⡣ûʲô㡣
ʾǾĴģһֻ¶Ľںɫ˳ϵӳ£Եӹ𪣬һֱʵɫеøĿ
رķȴҲûͷռ˱Ĺʣ쵰ӱͷһСԵޱȡ
ѹֻվ·Եɯһ߾ͷ˼ֻӬ
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ˣҪǣǲˡȻѾˣҪú棬ϵ˵ء
ţ᲻ţɯϵɥһɨգ˷ܵʵ
Ȼƺǵһء
̫ˣһҪǰŵλá

ɯ̸ǣֻĵתͷѧԺڵ
ħѧԺΪ˹ٵһħѧԺ½һָħѧԺܹ˹ٳռ˿㣬ѧԺڵĻɫ
·ƬЩ֮Уǲʱ׺ɫ䡣
͸Ҷļ϶Կ࿴£ʵܺΧõĽż¶ݡ
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˿ѡ˸ѧУһסипҲ֪ʷٷɭѧԺʲôӣ
˵еЦ˹ٳΪ˻ָԼָĿģΪħʦִ֮⣬Ϊܹ˳ʷٷɭѧԺ
Ȼ˹ٳѾҪһˣȴûȥʷٷɭѧԺڶ֪ʷٷɭѧԺʲôӣʷٷɭѧԺĴųĶ֪
ʲôأϡ飬ŲԾɯ˴ʱҲ֪Զ˲پ롣
ŶˡӦһҪӿŲȻǰһӰײ˹
Ҳû룬ȻظԼ˫żһٶȵ󷨣һŤͺӰ
ףһЩɨһۣһɫۣȴҲû룬ֱ׷ǰɯ
ɯ˵ǳԹˣͷ°Ϳһ¡ϧһȥᣬء
ɯһۣ㿴ʲô·μء
ĿϵĶװӹһЦͲµ㲻ϵġɣȥħ֮Դ䣬˳򼸼ȻȥֻᣬǾô
Ȼ˵ȻԸඡɯʼʾν
ħ֮Դʲôطʵ
ֺֻˣʵֻѧԺһСгɯ
ɯɲҪСгҸ㣬򲻵ķˮǸСгɾеŶ
ģǿأ
ȻҲС
ǡ

۵Ļת˻ױƷ棬ֻٴεĿĹˡ
Ǹ㲻ףŮϲױƷҲˣΪʲôɯֵԸȴҲôأ
ĪŮӵԣ
֪˿ʲôױƷ
˼˵ħ֮ԴЩȵط֣ɯֻǶѧԺѧԼ֯һСгȻʮ棬ƷȫռҲȻǾ滮ûĵڷš
طѧԺʷһȻˡЦŽ͵ʵҪĶ󲿷ֶ򵽣ܶʱҪ뿪ѧԺ
ҪǸװħأ̲סʵ
㻹˱Сҡҡͷװħû취ϾҪȥҸħʦġ
˵ͷȻûȥʲôױƷ
һһڷŲװ̯λǰͣ˽Ų
̯λĴСеȣȴΨһһҳװ̯λ
ڽ·̯λϣʱܰڷŴԼʮװƷȣڵš


175 һĨĿĵ
Ŀ̯λ϶ʮɨʱ֣ȻһС붼ûиħġ
иħʮװϷһ̽⣬ܳʮϵĸħЧ
ЩȣЩϵĸħЧȥ֮⣬ʣµľȻ붼ѾΪʻ߸ħ
βĻֻò˶ãĸħЧҲʧ
ѹЩϵĹôһԼ׵ķȣЩᡣ
ԭĸħӦǶħȡ񣬵ΪȱĲ⣬ͼеļѾ
Ȼ⻹ڵ¸ħЧʧȴѾӰͼԪ֮תѾʹĸħЧԶȱ׼ͼöࡣ
ĶԸħϸҪ󣬺ܲԸ⿴һԭɫĸħӡ
ȱϾڳģֲš
̯λĵַ£ٷ£ס˵λֵܣֲֻҪʮҶѡ
ʮңһ
׿ȱļֵ˵ǸħȡĲϼֵֹʮңҪ˵ͼͱ׼ͼΪӽɼħĸħʦӦʮֳɫ
ۺ˵ֻµĸҶ⡣
һ˶ʵиħô
ħϣûСҡͷҪĻġˣҪħʲô
ҡֻ޸һĸħˡ
۾ǿ˻ħһ
Сȴ˵ʲôҪ޸ĸħʲôЦ
ղ˭˵Լ޸ĸħģ٣Сӣǲ㣿Ȼһ
üͷתȥȴһĨĿĵɫ

Դ˹ٳ֮˿ûкù⼸ȣмֽ
Ϊ뿪˷ǵԵô˿żôԼ
Ϊ˹ٳǵʱ𽥼ӳӦߵƣôʱȥˣȴǺ޸ơ
Ȼ뿪ԼľܹתѧԺ½һָһħѧԺԺΪǿħʦһ޴İ뿪ʮķǡ뿪˸ĸʹСһ𳤴ĸ磬Щǣȴͻ
ÿڷǵʱʱʱģһȴԵмľګð˳
Ǹһʲôأ˿ÿ뵽ʱЦȻ죬Ȼ̾ϢҪǵʱûдߵôͺˣѵʱӦ
˿ż
ԼߵʱǡʧȥڷѧԺԮʱߵĻ㲻İﵽΪѣߡοһҲǺõġ
Ҳ֪ûϣָ϶ָģÿ뵽飬˿ܻһȻı顣
ʱʵڸ㲻Ϊʲôʲô飬ʧȥԩ£ȻһȻģͺЩʲôӰ졣
ʶЩʱżϿһЩЦ⣬Ψһһοϱ仯ǰһ档
뵽ʱŵǹȻԲ㣬ȴҲûν˳ζ˿ɫͨ죬Ȼ뵽ˮоȳʱΣվͻƻҪ͸֡
Ǽô͸һĺ죬˿ȴǸ˵ġ
ڷǵʱҲ˹ٿĵöˡ
Դ˹ٵĹҽסȻǼһ˶Լǳ˿ȴĸоóʵ̫Լż¶һ˿ӡ
̬ȣʵ˿⡣
Ϊ˹ٳеĵλ˿ĸҲֻһСĳСǵĳǼұ̫Զ
ȻҲÿ˶˿̬䵭
Դ˿֮󣬹ҵļӺֶǷ׷׶ʾ˼飬͹ø˵̬ȴྶͥ
˿һ۾ͿЩˣ֮Զ飬ȫΪòˡ
˿ڷǵʱѾܶ࣬ΪһеԺǾöˣо
ôΨһòûʲôӦģҲֻˡ
ȻΪʲôֻ뵽Ǹһ
˿ЩãȻаЩһһԱȣʱ֣Ȼ۾̸ֹ¡ȡǱ̸ϳɫǺһǺɣԶЩίøˡ
ǼȻסˣͲòǡ
ӹҰԼһ䷿סȴ׺ĸ״˼ܾˡ
˿ǵĴ㣬ǼŴߴԼʵĴ㣬ЩӴЩҵĶֶǣеһ߼˰ɡ
˿ֻǿԼţţֱʵѲȥŹСһͬѧԺ
ò˵С˹޲سһԴ֮⣬ķ滹ǲģͶãû˿ȥΡݳĵĻѧԺ
Ͼ˿ϾҪħѧԺѧϰˣȻҲϣǰǵѧԺԱӦ롣
ΪǶѧԺıҵᣬѧԺַǷ
˿ѧԺתһȦжѧԺǳ⡣
Ա߲һ˵ļһǰظһЩ֪ϵЦȤŵĻ˿һںõöࡣ
˹ֻӬڶһֱ˵ͣ˿̲ס̾
߲һжãôࡣ
ȻͿһϤıӰȻֿӰ˻תȻͿһһԺгֵĴ绹Ҫ
˿ȫ˫ְסСָ֮һ˫۾˼ؿŶ㣬мľګ̲סͺ㣿
ôȻһϵıȴҲͬԵı仯
ͬɴ˫ۣ˿һСɾµӣһͷɫ㷢촽΢ţȴ˵κλ˫̧ȴַ¡
վΪǰ֪˿˹ٳǣȻָ˹
ѵ˿ĭз˼˻ơ
˿ҡô
˿ʱҲǿѹʹðľϲС֣صһۣ΢ЦôΪʲôҲ㲻뿴ô
˿ϤеƤЦݣûɵһůʵʵػصҺܸˡʵ˹ٳǵʱ㣬ȴֲ֪ôҡ
ԼľګĻش𣬷˿иӸˣ˦һۣ΢ͷһ㻹ġ


176 ط
ЦЦѯ˿ΪʲôʱԱһ֮עӡ
˿һ˭ʶ
˹üͷ´
к֣˿ԴǼҺ󣬶ֵܼһֱ䵭һֱΪ˿Ը񱾾
ļһȻ¶Ƥ˵Цݣʵ⡣
ͬʱְ衣
Ŷأǰڷǵѡ˿ʱ˹һ㣬˹޲أҹСӣҲҵı硣
ܣ˹ͦͦء
һǱ磬һֻǰѣûпɱ
˵ʲôѴ˺ᣬԲʲôʿв
뵽˹ֵ֣ãҸղ˵Լ޸ϵĸħǸħʦ
ǵġֹȥ˹ȴֻǺ˻
ǼħʦһǶ˹濴ܿʵżʵ
һûͨħʦʸԡ˿һۡЦⱲҲû취ͨˡ
˿һҧ̲סͺһ
Ȼָ֪ʲôΪˣŸߡ
˹ȴ֪еԵɣ˵Լûͨħʦʸԣе֮Ũ˼֡
ô˵㻹ֻǸѧͽ˿ôʶģ˵ʵ˹Ǻܽղ˿ռʱı֡
ȻܹȻֱӳƺ˿֣
Ҫ֪ģȴҲǺµġɭáǿˡ˿
ôʶģһµ˿ڲ¡ĴԼ飬ȻЩꡣ
ȻֻǷ¶ǰ顣ڻȴǰһ
ֻΪ˸ħʶİˡ
˹ɡʵǡ˹ٳǸʲôأ
һۣشͲҪ˰ɣ
һһֱŴ΢Ц˿˿̲סһЦ˳
˹һ⿪ʼѾظо֮ĵ⡣
˽⣬ֻ˹ЩŬǰ׷Ѿ
Ȼ˿Ļش˹ɫЩΡ
ȷʵ⣬ʲôҪ㱨
ۿЩ䳡˹ǿЦЦת˿˿áѾˣȻȥɣĸ״һȼˡ
һۣ˹иǿġáȻ޶ԣ˿͵Цȴȵ˹硣ղŲ˵һŵݳҪȥôôôżҪȥˣ
˹һۣһͷԶԣҵˡ˵մӻͳһħӿһۡʱ쵽ˣǸϽȥɡ
ȥ˿ͬʱǸصʵڲ˼ֻ׼Ʊû취һȥˡ
ûشȻһߡ
ߣ˭ϡҪ룬ֲûƱ
Դвмɯܺиżת˹
ɯܺȻذеİϣȻת˹ι˭ô
ɯܺʱ˹ʱǰһ
Ȼ۴š϶ͬȴɶŮ
ɯܵļң˹ûһ˿Ϊʮ΢ЦǷǷλС㣬ҺλظֻǸոʶ
Ȼ죬ҪɯȻص
ΪҵıúǾʶԳڣҲӦһ¡
αɯһĿתһԵ˿ʱΪ˿òԳһıãתʵʶô֪˹ٳǻôƯľʶ
˿ĿϵǼŲ˻ɯ¶һ΢ЦлĿ佱ǵģҺˡ
˿ڡϡϼɯüͷһ壬ȴȥ˿˭ôû˵
ܶΡεֵ̯˿
˿ɯ۾һɣתͷ´˿һȻ૵ѹ֡
Ļش˿۾ЦֻСһ㣬˿ɯ˵ʲѹ֡΢һζе˼ʱЦݸʢԭѾһ˫гһ
ǡȻиˣ˿ȴȻСʵ
ҽɯھҼҽסɯֵػش
ҽס˿ȵصɴ۾ɯٿ·𲻸Ÿղɯ˵Ļ㡭
˵һʱҲͲġϽ
һʱͲô˿ٴ۾ֻεЦȴм⡣
һ£ȻתͷһԴɯ˹˹磬鷳ȥ͹ø˵һ˵ҽϲȥˣҪȥѼסһ
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ǡ˿ͻȻת䣬˹ЩӦһʱ䲻֪Ȱ˵
ÿˣȥ߹ˡôһ֧ҵġ˿Ц
˹˵Щʲôȴ˿һ·Ƴħ֮ԴڵķΧ
ԶԶؿ˹˵˼ʲôȻ˹ᣬһͷתȥ
˹Զ˿»С֣תرĿɿڴǰ
µˣڡԸ⵽ôô
ش˿Ȼüͷһ壬ֹ̧Ļش
ǲҪ˵ˣǸ˵ļһһ˿תɯ¶һЦݡɯ㣬ҿԵҹҹô
ɯЦͬ𣺡ðֻҪ˯ϰߵĻ
һСʱɯľ
ô˵ڵѾָˣ˿ϲ֮£ȻһԾܵǰһץҿȴûʲôֻȷϣĻָˣģ
ûǻָˡ˿˷ܵЦݣз·ʲôᲦһ£ͷ϶شָˣұǰǿ
̫ˣ˿һСȭͷ֪㲻ô군ģ̫ˣһҪϢɯͿסһתͷȴЦЦؿʱһָԴͷ汿Ӧ͸˶԰ɣ
ţҵһʱ͸ˡ濲˹ķһۣͷһ£ӦѾյˡ
Ǿͺá˿˵ͷȻһԵɯǰŲڵȹ˸Ů񡣡ɯ㣬԰˹֮ϵظлЩչˡ
˿Ȼ֣£ɯЩ㶣һվ˿һǳ׼Ů
սϷ˹ֻ֮Ӧġ
˶һۣȻͬʱЦ


177 һ
˿ʵֻүүķԸˣҪȥлĻӦȥлүү˵ֲãлҡ
ֻǾӦʽضʾлˡ˿һЦ϶ûж˵ллɣ
ɯһ㶣룬ҡҡͷôһ˵ûС
ͷһֻۣ޹ЦЦ
ˣʵЩҪ˵ĻչҸɡÿ춼ҿʲô
Ŷĺóô
ţܺóԵģûô
һҪˣľͷһļһȻϡ档
Ҳľͷô
Ȼˣ㲻á

˺޹˼ɵ٩ԼֻεĨűӿЦ
һȻԸԲͬԵȴȫͬ
ղǳʱ޵ĵ⣬·Ѿʧһɶ
˿ǸùһһֱĬȻðһ䡣
ţֵ
ղ˿Ҫɯҹҹʱ֪ΪʲôҲŹˡԴ֮Ҳֻһֱȡ֮ĶԻֻżһ䡣
ʵ򲢲ôˣֻǺ˿Լɯһ˵öˡ
ûʲôȻʶ˿һСʱҾܺáҺϲЦſ˿˽ʱߴһ£Ȼ󱬳һЦݵˡֵҺȻһص㡣
ʲôص㣿ʡ
Ǿǡô˵ءҾһ澵һκǰճԼıԡԸȻǷǳ͵һ࣬ȴҲϲҾãܺѵģһǲˡ
˵ôһͨЩĪ
ʲôԸҲͣȴϲѵìô
ô˵ڿ佱Լ֪ôشȴЦЦʾӦ
ʵҲͱɯһѡʱȴԵһɯ˿Ҫöˡ
Ȼһ飬ʵˣɯ˵ǳˣ
ˣЩȻطʡ
š
Ŷ˼ؿɯһ۴ǣ׼ȷ˵˺ͻԳܡȻɯˣ˶һ١
Ϊʲô
ɯûиô
ֻһ䣬˵ΪǸһʱ顣
ͷ룬ҡҡͷȻɯ˵ҲͲشˡȵɯԸʱȻġ˶١̾ðɣȻɯҲԸʾҲʾһºˣҪ⣬ڻϡ
ԣһ
ðСȻֻһðһ죬ûԴͷβָӺͰŶܳɫΪʲôʲô⣿⻹ص˺һܣصɯǶһٵĵز
ֻ˵ʣµԼ⣬ߵɯͨ˸ɡվҿɯҺܾûˣϴĵطûбô
ûУ¥תˣźֱߵҵĶֱߵĲɯģӦûİɣУźұëѡһʣµһ˿ˡ
㻹ϸءѵԤϵҺ˿Ҫ˸ԡҵķȻعͷգգ۾ЦҪѡĶ᲻⣿
شȴѾת߽ԡҡ
ԡ˵ܿĻˮ¥ɯ˿ʱЦһ󣬺Ȼ֣ϣƺҪŮͬһң
ڶһ磬˿ش˯ѣһȴָ첲һ塣
һתͷͿһмӢݡ
˿ϲڹŴ϶ȹʶɯҹҹ
ѹ˯ôԼȻһʶһϵͬ˯һŴϣܶԷҲŮ˿ȴҲ̲ס˺졣
ͷ˿СƿɯѹԼϵ޳Ĵȣ´ߡ
һƿһµĿżҶʱΪ泩
ҹӦ˹ٳ֮ȹõһҹɡ
˿˰Ȼ
˿ͷȥȴһˮڸľԱߵŲ֪Ļˮ
٣簡
硣˯úòãЦ
ܺãֱǺüˣ˿⿿ڴأСڸ첲ԣ¶СèӱЦݡҪǿܵĻסĻ̫ˣ
ǾͰô˵ȴֻЦЦû˵ڡ
ǾͰ˿һ˿ͷһȴɯ۾ԺشӴסĻʱӭﻹôշ䣬һ˸ЩɯҲ´ߣһۣĴ˸Ƿָ˵ˣֲɫʲôġ
˿ʱɫ͸죬Ͻ˳רĽŷ
ɯ㣬㲻Ҽɫ⣬ʼҵʱҲô
£ɯӱǿһʾмȲ˵²£ľͷһļһô
˿Цһϣ˶ʶһµġ
ɯȻ溰һ緹ʲô
緹ô̧ͷȺ˿һ΢ЦȻü˱Ƚ϶࣬Ҫú롣
ʲôģ͵򡭡ɯ̧ͷָָ˹ٳǵķ򣬺Ȼͣסףôΰļһ֡
ΰ𣿡˿ѯʵʱɯȴѾӴֱȥߡ
ʿô˿ͷԶƷԶ
ɯѣʱҲѾע⵽ˣ߹ǰʵʲôô
˵Ŀɯϻϡ
ΰҵ鲿Աһô
ǵģ£Ȼʵ
˻࿴һۣһ˴İȡһŹģĶǰǰ˳أΪһҵթѾʽߣҪһˣЭ顣


178 ΰ
˹ٳǱΰ
Ϊ˹ٳ½ĳУͬʱҲǴ½ϳʶٹ׸ŦԼ˳֮ҵУ˹ٳڵҵƵ˹ΰҵ鲿ҪȻҲǼ䷱ࡣ
ƽҵ鲿ڲ峿Ĳгһ쳣ڽ죬ƺЩͬ
ƽʱĴŭ˿δټĵ鲿˴ʱĽŲỺ࣬·¾˭һ
żĹԱ߽ʱȴ̲ס˽䡣
ιһôܹˣ
˭֪Ҹղ׵Ǽ˵κΪʽĳˣԲŻܵġ
ߣûɣҪǿ˳˭ĻҪô
ιСûùӳԣȻҲ㲻Ϊʲô׵˵
ߵĶ˭
Ķ֪˭ֻ֪һ㣬һҪùˡ
ǡ
˽̸дŶ˵ȻһͶȥһηɢ
ĿͶĽһεİ칫ԣʱˡ
һԼʮҵ˺Ȼ̾һȻԱʮһֹۣ
˴ʱ̱ڿУ˵̾Ϣüͷһ壺ʴ塣ѾҽĴ̾ˡ˵㲻Ҫû¾̾òãұͺܷģôһֻ̾и
ôĻȻϵóʴ壬չͼĵԼǡҪǾ÷ĻͲҪˣǸϽȥɡ
߻ȥԼǵˣȻߺУ󻹰ͼߵˡʱʵȰ棬һ붼룡һﾹȻڰǰҾһù
٣㳣˵ǸСô
ԣ˵𰬵٣Լϵı黺һ漴ȴҧгͼȥΪͼƾɣȥٿһϲġ˭֪Ҹհͼó١پȻ˵ͿˣͼȻȫðƻʴ壬˵ɡΪ˺öȻױһȥȴЩöðƻ˵Ҷ
ǡȷʵСеʵȻҲֻܸ͡
ʲôеǴضòãԼ͵һӣʱΧ˵Ŀⶼ˹ǿһۺ󡣱ȫջĿ⡣Ȼû˵ʲô֪һЦңҡģʲ
㶪ļһʵ̲סи̾ȻԼʲôطҲԼ׷ŮʱԼ˱ͲʲôǿԡȻǾе֡ԼǣҪѵǸһĻǷãΪʲôҪôôʽأ
ΪҲñķôԼƳʵһۣЩɥشҪǰԼ뷨ǸһͱǺȥˡ֪Ҫ֪ôĻһ᲻˵ġ
㲻֪͡
ֻҪ룬һ֪ԼشʵĻΪ˲ֻôʽķ
ʵ룬üǡȻħʦԳͼϸ涨۹ȴûⷽĹ涨ԼͨʽǸһﵹùĻֻºѸﰡ
еҵʮ꣬ʵҵصȻʮ
ոħʦĹ涨ͼȷǸƣȴԼĻôΥ涨ܵħʦϳ͡
ǳһЩܸӵԭڱħʦһһúܺã½ϸҶЭƶطĸħʦᣬƫƫ涨ȴûнһĴʩҶû涨ķġŵ۹Ҳ⡣
ҪǸܵһЩͷͨħʦӦòѣͨɡʵȴ֪޷
ȻҲͼԭ֮һ
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰչͼУҲûгֹƵֻûĸһôùǡԼǶѡ
ûзɹ涨ʵĻԼ΢΢𣬳ζŨ˼֡ʴ壬񡭡Ҹʲôˣ
⡭ʵ΢΢һ㶣ʱЦ
ôˣǰԼǣǿ˹ٳΰ𳤷Ѷϵ˹ΨһĶӰ
ʵһΪģĬһ߿Цתͷÿҵ鲿ĴŴ򿪣źһ⣬ڱĬ꣬һƽͬĹԱ˽
ôԼ첢ûмʱʵŴſڽԻղɳȥԱʱѾ̫ˣڵȵСӣҽһҪúףˡŶðһҪۣ
ʵס˰һ۵ĳ嶯
Լǣոջ˵ΪڰСǰھ͸ĿڱΪСˡ
ٿһ߽ʵҡҡͷ
Ȼ˵ú˧ģȴм㣬üĿǸ˾ʮꡣ
һúõĺӣúõѧϰħȴ͵ȡ˵ƳۣʵΪ֮̾Ϣ
˵ˣ͵ʲôƲãƫƫֻ͵һħöҶѣô
ʵϧѾ˹
ȵǰվһֱЦԼǿһ㣬´һڵأ
һۣ֡
һһɢģԱæµȴִһԱеָȫͬôҲĹԱŶԡ
ҪǣῴҲʮͷͣҲֲԼɣ
Ŀϻ䵽ߵϣһʱ׹
νҵթԭΪ
ιСӣ㻰أشһĵģѿԼĿⶼƿˣԼǶʱȻŭ
°ĿŲ˻ȴȻش𣬷ʵǸʵô
ԼǱһϣȻŸ׵ͷЩƣϾʽĹԱ
֮£ԼǵƲ˼֣Ŀȴһ۳иˣһߵԱһۣôµģôвɵ˸Ż˽ѵƽʱﶼ˳ô
Ա⣬ȻһЦ
ѣɲǲɵˡȴȻмֽתһ


179 
ԼǺʵʱֻǰһ
תһԼֻʮŮŮĲߣȴʮҲʮֽСԵ˶¡
ȻĿģһͷֱʵɫ˳ˣͷһ·һɫٲһ㡣
ġѣԼǴǰͻȻֵĶ˵ŮȻָָʵ
ʶĿ⣬ȻóŮǳͨ˼ңһ㣬ϵĴͿԿó
Ҫģʡ
˽ζˣһ˿ȴ˿ʢ˸оʣͨ˼ܹġ
Ȼ໹㣬ҲܳȣƤֻ֪ǳͨŶӦƶ˼ҡ
ˣôѡ
ǰʲôֵô˿ԼһۣЩһ֤ԼĻһ㣬Ȼסĸ첲
ЩȻض˶Ҫ첲ȴ˿ϼ˰Ѿס
Լһۣͼ첲˿۾¶óѺСЦݡ
תͷԼǵʱЦȴ˲ֱñ
ֻһ뷨
һΣڷٴαԩ
˿Լ۾ҪɳۿôҲϽܣ˹ٳǹȦҲԳƵϼƷСŮȻۣԼĿɶСӱֵܣ
뵽ԼԼһ¡侲
ûʲô֡ԼǺݺݵض˿һۣ¿ϵıٴαþӸ¡СӣȻǸˣҪ֪ġ
Ŷ˿о⡣ʲô
װɵ뵽ԼΪʲôԼǱ뵽ϰС㿴ԼʱһƽȴԾǧ֮ı飬Ҳ̲סͷŭһӡڵվңСǲɸħ㳡ͼ
ûı˿䶯
ңͼʵԼɵĶԲԣʵ͵ȡ˱ĸħʦƣȻ󵱳ԼƶԲԣʵֻһԼûС͵Բԣ
Լһһ⣬мû˿ͣ١ҲԽԽ󣬶ʱôڵĿת˹
ǾԼǵʮּңʮ־ˣıʼȴûа仯
ȵԼͣѾƽԼм˵ĸ֡
޿ɷ档
ڶʱ·ʱ侲ֹĽħһ㣬˵Ķͣ
ǿǧֱķʽǼˡ
ôҲû뵽ԼǣȻأظ˻
޿ɷ棡
ԼԼҲû뵽ȻĻشһʱҲסˣûзӦ
͡
пµļžȴǱһЦơ
ܵΧͶĿ⣬˿΢΢һ졣
ֵصһۡ
һôһױǵ÷Цء
һתͷԼԴ͵ı飬˿˹缸һģһı飬̲סЦ
˿ЦԼڷӦ
СӡȻԼŮǰˣ
Լԭָճȭͷ󣬷һ졣
ʱΧô˿ţΪ˱ָ׵źԼϣԻһȭͷϡ
ҪСӱһȭͷϵʱ򣬻᲻ȻһȻı顣
˵ʲô޿ɷ棿Լǵ·˺˺һ㣬ͳ˻ơСӣ֪֪˭ȻҶ˵޿ɷ棿
֪ղ˵ҵġϾȻһ˿Ȼֻԭ棬ֲǸҵˣҵȻ޿ɷ档
㡭ԼǲĿƲסһȭͷ˹ȥ
СӣȻԼţ
תһ룬Լȴû˵
ȻԭݣȻʻ
ġҲϲʲôߡ״ƽʱĽ̵ԼǿѹͷŭԵԱ֣ȥҸСӡסһҪϸϸʣ
ԱͷȥˣԼǿһ¹Ц
ߣ¼ƽ񡣾ߣҲ㡣
һΣԼжŭǽ˼֡Ц̲ס˸Ũĵ֮顣
һԱһͺʵ࣬ȴҪϼֵ˴Ҵ˹
ԼߡѶյԼǰԼԵ˵˼䣬˼ͷֱȻЦƳһۣ칫ĿλϣѸٱ
Ǳأ˼ĿתЦһӰ칫ĳóһ֤һġҵĹ֤ҪҪһ£
ˡҡҡͷء
ܺá㣬ǲɸħ㳡ͼ̵һħͼ
ǵġ
㿴ǲţִһֽóͼֽƵǰ
Ȼ֪ͼֽ϶м٣ؼһȻŵ˵ͷ
û
ǲͼֽöҵıꣿʡ
ǵġ
ܺáûмѯʡתʵʡ㣬ͼʱǲ֤ͼԼɣ
ʵһԥȴǵ˵ͷ⡭û
תԼʵԼǡѶϵ˹ʡϿͼԼɣ͵ȡ˵ƣʲô֤ݣ
֤ݡԼǴӻóһͼֽ˹ȥȥݷһλʱҷֵһͼֽЩͼֽȴǰǰһħʦʱֽġϸ۲֮󣬷ͼֽһģһţ۵ͼħʦ͵ģ
Ϊʲô˵Ǹħʦ͵ģ˿̲ס
ħʦǰǰóͼȴó˭͵˭ģǻһĿȻôԼƳһ˿Ȼץס첲С֣̲סһ䣺С㣬ð鷳˵ʱ򶯶Ӻô
˿ʱŭȴһƿڴ۾ֻ΢΢Ц
λʿ鷳ڷҵʱҲһͬĲ˵Դôѵͼܾǰɣֻ뵽óô
Լһ㶣û뵽ɰζ˵˿ȻҲ˺ˣƺһͼǰɵģôġˡֱԣľ״᲻뵽һʱóô


180 
Լ˵ľ״˿ʱû˵
ûȻʳȵȻô˿ʱ򶼻йĪĵζڸܵζ֮ǰ˵һʱ俴ȴһƶ
˵ûҵȷû뵽ȴſڻش𡣡֪˹ٳڻԳͼĻʱҾͻͼˡ˵ʴһۣЦЦĻĻͲֹš
ʵһ⻰򵥣ȴ̺ǿš
Ҫ֪ĵȻչͼûʲôͼֵȥչͼ㣬ǱȻ·ãֻ⡣
ͼȻʮΪ׬ȡͼѽۺۼԱȵĻȴ׬ȡһΡ
ȻԼԩͷԵʣҲ⼸ͼļֵ
ھȻ˵֪ĻľͲֹţ
Ҳ˵㹻Ŀɸĸħƣ
˵źأԴأʵֹ
˵ԼͬͼʱȷЩĻȴԥˡ
˵ˡԼǵȻʵһôֱ࣬ӳҲСӲŶͣɼħǲˣҴԲѵ˵ԼƸħʵұ֤ݸҪֻҪСӵ˵ȥ˭ħɵģ
ʵ̲ס˵ͷ
ڵͶԡԼ˵ûû
ȻҲû⡣
ʵ֪һˣڱͻСʱƳǳɫĸħʱ䶯˹ٳǡ
ʱʵֻһͼ̵СƣҲֻԼϰżȻ֮ѡ
Ǹ˿ǺųƸħѧʷϲţȻͬһ㡣
ǰС
ѵô˿¸ǡʷٷɭѧԺеţƳħʲôϡ棿
ʷٷɭѧԺеţԼ΢΢һ漴ЦʷٷɭѧԺеʲôϡ棿ǣÿʱ˹ٳҳʷٷɭѧԺеѧճΪʷٷɭѧԺѧȴֻвٷ֮һҪ˵ʷٷɭѧԺѧҲͰˣڱʷٷɭѧԺС
ԼԵĳŪ飬˿С
Цʱ侲ؽзǳЦȴû취侲
ԼǵĳûаӦǰڷѧԺöˡ
ʵ˵ĻȫԷԼǣɵ¡ʷٷɭԺΪԺеѧһ㱻ʷٷɭѧԺ¼ȡѧҪǿ˲١
Ȼûôġ
㻳ҳ۵ͼ͵ȡ˵ƣ֤ݾͼʵ
ô֤ݻôԼЦҸ㣬ͼħʦǸѵģ㡭Լ´һһͨûͨħʦʸ֤Զɣ
ҵȷûСʵʵػش
ܺã֤ѵôԼ칫Աʹɫ
˶ʱ⡣һ֤ȷ䣬ݵأΪҵթΰʽоʮ󽫽Уǰ׼֤ݣʱͥϽп硣˵һӣղվԱ
ʲô߽˿ȵֻһһģν֤ݣǾô
С㣬ĲˡԼҡͷ֤ݿףģˡյ۹ɹ涨ƽˣ۹ΰȨһµľо˵λԱûаŶ
ҲŲŵ۹ķôͿԾˡְȨ˿ŭ
ղԼǺͰ칫Աı㣬ôܿеè塣
ԡ˿ĻһֱǸһĹԱɫһ塣ְȨ൱صָأյ۹ɡûʵ֤ݣΰ仰Ϊ̰
㡭˿Ҳ֪ԼղǾ仰˵ЩðʧִʱǲҪҲŲץģ
Լʹ˸ɫЩԥ˻࿴һۣͷٴ
Ҫ˿ȻһһһĻġ
ħʦ
򣬴˶ʱʧɫ
ΰȻҲһĽ䱸һ¸ƲϸΪû˸ﵷҡ
ҵ鲿еĹԱֻһ̸ְʲô
˿ķ쭵Ļֻûκһס
ԼҲɫһ䣬εûͨףȫš
ִĻֻ°һѵġ
˿סְɡ˵ϣһֹ˿ģȻ˿ƴĵˡ
Ŀֻ˿һ£漴⵽ᶨľܾѵڷǵôĽȥˡһкýģ˵˿ͷһۣҧҧһûܰæһΡ˵ʲôҲٱ۸ˣ
˿ϼᶨı飬ʱһů
ס΢΢һЦתͷڽŵˣ룬Ȼſ˫ۡ˿˻С
˿Ҳû뵽ȻסԼ
һ漴
ǹϤζʱǰ֮ܵĽӴ
ȻֻȼΣÿһȴ
˿׼ģֻ㡣ԺȻϸİɣһκڷǵʱͬҲʲôġһȥ󣬰ҵɯϣմʦ֪һ취תϣմʦҲһ˳ǵһŵħʦǲǻ˹ٳǡ
촽д˿ֻȫЩȻĻȴȻоȫԼа©
⼸Żֱ΢ЦҪģڵңڷǵʱҲһˡ
˿۾һ԰֮ڷǵǴν˲ʵؼʧȥںܶбʧȥ˼ֵ
ڵȴѾȫָɯ˵Ҳõ˺ܶ˵ʶ
ʱڷһԮ
룬һƴҲģ
뵽˿еĻ򻺻Ϩ֣˵ͷãһתǵġİɣһ취㱣ͳһӵġ
˵ͷԱ
̽Ե֣˿ûʲôӦץסĸ첲һ
˿۾ݺݵضԼһۣ˵ͷҧҧת뿪
Ƭ̺Լջ˿ӰĿ⣬ѾԱѺҵЦһղ˵ǱʷٷɭѧԺеѧܺáܺáһΣҪѣ
һԵʵ̧ͷһɫԼǣһ


181 
˵ʲôץˣƤŵħУɯϣմʦͬʱɴ۾˼˿
һԵȻûбֵúһȴҲȻ
š˿˿Ӧһ
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˳ǣŵħʦϣմʦɯ࿴ѵǸԼ˵ħʦ
ҾͲ֪ˡ˿ҡͷ
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Ŷ˿Ȼת䣬Ը⣬ȴֻЦЦûм⣬վ˿ҪɵĻﲻǰ취ҾؼһˣܴܲʲôϢܰﵽô
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˿ǰЦŵļ׳ֻܰʣµһȫ˼ӦȴпȥǱ顣
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182 
̧ĨһѣѴӶͷѪ˲ǿѾЩģ۾ղǸĽ俴һۣſĴ󺺣΢΢ЦЦô˵ʵӦøл飿
ϰԵüͷЩεػش𣺡Ҳô˵ΪǴҺáЩֵȻǿҲƽ׳Կ಻ǣ㿴ҸղѾ˵úˣǶſˣԿĻԼұڳԵĿͷ󡣿Ҫ飬ұ֤ʲôֵľٶֻҪӦˣǾǡЩô˵ţԣ˫Ӯ
ȿȡЦˣͷǱһЦԼһĿԡֻֻǼСå˵˵ʲô˫Ӯ
ٴŭһۣϲļһ㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣ
ͷȴȻ塣
ιǱǡǸСӣ㡭ʦķϣҡҵø㡣һף˵˵ġӦǶкô
ԭʱòá
ô϶ô˵ˣ㻹ǿǣ
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ʵ̴úԼϻڳĻԼֻҲûٵס˰ɣпЦ
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Ļ󷨰Լǿ࣬ޣվǲܴùôǿ׳Ĵ󺺵ġ
ȻҲûиۡ
ϸ׹ҲۡǶͷϱƺѪѾ㹻ľۻΪԷ֪óһУȻһ졣
ܻ۵ĹͷǲǶˡ
СȻҲܣڷѧԺʱΪ׺ͶʿѧԺļѧȺܡǰĴȻܺһᲢۣǰܹȻҲܺһȡ
ԷһЩĻпֱ
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ҪǣԼ˴Ӳ⣬ֻҪܴ򵽶ԷԼϼüͷ塣
ȻЩΪС֪ܾǿĺݣԱ˺ݣԼҲݵˣȴƽ
ۼһ˹ͷϵ˿ΪղŵĶٶӿѪһԭмˢ쳣̲סеľ⣬һһȭ˳ȥ
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183 
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ɢȥ󷨵Ļұ֤ԼпΪܲͻȻӴѹιȥ
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һʱ벻취Ҳֻܼ£Ӵ𲻿Ĵ˺һ̧ǿŶͷȦ
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˴ʧɫСͯҪ˰˼˵һݱֽǮСҲֻϵù
˻ΪСͯ̾ϢʱһȻԶԶ˹ڱͯ¡
һȻһöң
ǸղλĸôԭСͯϧĿ⣬˲Ľ
һݱۼֻöͭҵıֽȴһöҡ
һΣСͯ׬ˣ
Сͯͷ㶵ؿһȴֺȻͷȥķ󺰣ιûǮ
˽Ե


184 
˾벻û似ȻˡѾԶȥУղ̽ͷȥ˿ڶջ̽ĸ첲΢Ц޵뿪˹ٳǵʱѾǰ˼ʿˣλܿͿԳΪżʿ˰ɣ
Ϊ˾¶һº͵ȻЦݣҡҡͷԺ̫ˣȻһγȥתһȦȷҵ似ҪΪżʿǿɻԶء
ҿǲ̫ǫ˰ɡҿҪͻͻϰΪżʿʱɾǶʿеǿˡɹά
˾ҡͷȲ˵ΪżʿѶȣΪżʿҲǶʿеǿ˵˾ı龹һ˿
˵еĶôȴЩꡣƬ½ѾʮûгֹˣԾżʿھǿһɣԴӱȶȥ֮Ƭ½ֻºٳֶˡ
ǿɲһ˾ȻӸλȴԼĶʿʮ⡣˵ĻȻʦԳʥʦôŶʿһٳֶġħʦ˾̾˿˵ħʦ治ĳκʱ򣬴½϶ڡΪǶʿǱħʦѹ˺ܾˡ
ħʦҲ¶һ˿ЦȷħʦԴƬ½ϳ֣һֱ߸ϣҲѹֺܶ˵ֻ¸׶ӡ˵ǸħʦҲħʦһ֧Ҫô˵Ļӣ
˾ס˵Գˡ
ʷٷɭ¡ҲòΪ½һħʦѧԺʷٷɭѧԺԺ仰ʵڲǡҪǱĸħʦˡǾҪǿҿġ
ˣǺйӴͼͨԺмʷٷɭѧԺȴܾԺɵ¡ʷٷɭ
˾ĻʷٷɭԺһЦ˾ѵ仰˵ô
˾΢΢һЦûлش⣬ĿʷٷɭԺԱߵıֽӹװĵص˵ϾҪʷٷɭѧԺѧ˵ʱʱ˹ٳͻȻ˺ܶĸħʦ
ʷٷɭԺεȾ˾е˼һǺܶ࣬һˣ׳顣ԺҲô
˾ƳʷٷɭԺͬЦѵԱͺô
˶һۣһζȻͬʱЦ
һֹסЦݡ˾ݻָƽʵԺ£ڵݣ̫˵ʲôǿұŮķϣһҪһ£飬ûô򵥡
ȻסʷٷɭԺͷ漴Цһ˼ȻҵʷٷɭѧԺҵҪ˹ٳڵ˭ôе
˾˵ͷٶ˵
ʷٷɭԺһ󣬺ȻһĵӣץֽҵҪĸѧôץס˰ѱʷٷɭѧԺҲŶ֪
˵һ룬ȴͻȻס
ôˣʷٷɭѧԺűֽſûк£ľȾ˾Ȼ
ʷٷɭԺһôСӣ
ѵ
ƵҴŷһ죬ƷΰԱ˽
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һ˱һ˵ʲôǴӦڻ谵ĵƹ⣬ڵ󣬺ػȻֹ
Сڵϣʱ˵ʮ׳Ĵ󺺣ڲܵ滹ǽϣ˴ĿĵѪۼ
мڵϵĴ¸һ̯ѪٿǺ޶ģһۿȥѾˡ
˵Ŀӵʮӹһڴϣ۾ϡ
մѪ˽סһĭ
ѵСһ˰̴ʮ˶ɵˣ
˸жϣΪⲻǵһ̴ֵ£ûг⡣
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ô죿տʼ˵ɨһۣյһߵ
⡭ô˵Ȱ̴ŪȥɣҪǿɲýһѸٻش
أǰָָԴ˽һֱ˿
û취ˣȥԼүɡ
ҪԼү֪û׵Ļ϶ġ
Ҳ֪ĺֻи¡
⵹ǡ
˳Ĭһǰ˴˸ƣһ˳ȥ
һȴм˽½̴ͬڵʮ󺺰˳ȥ
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Ű׹ĶͷתȫϵҲ·һֻֽƽڴ˿ͬۿɼٶѸֹѪ£
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׹ٶȫһ۾
ܵͷۣȫĵطѾʲôʹĸоŷĵ󷨡
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ʧȥǿ󷨵ļӳֺ󣬶ͷ۴ʹжʱǿ˺üסһ
ҲԤ֮Уܿ侲
ĿԼǰĵϣȴ˸ղµͼѱղŽЩŪһͿѾģ
ȻûʲôӰ죬ղǶʱѾжħεģ⣬ֱղڳɹһģ⸽ħħһСָĶٳɹԼ󷨡
󷨸ոɣоһЩֵģǰӴЩͬԪ֮ӿڡ
Ȼڶͷ󷨵ЩֵԪ֮Զתоͷϵ˿ڿʼӿѪҲֹͣ
˿ʱеļ
󷨣Ȼ԰Լ˿ڿٻָ
־ϲλ󷨣ܿ죬㷢ԼϵĴƾȻȬˣ
ȻҲмطֻԺãȫ̸Ȭۡ
󷨵Чֵֻزɡ
룬ڽ˶񣬻ڣллΪʲô
ȻԴʼо󷨣˾һֱڶǸտʼʱĿֻһ˿ڴϷʡ
Ķͷðһ˿׹ĿеϷʺڴʱ˾㵡


185 ֵ
ֱκϵƣߵǰ˵仰ϵľ㵱Ȼûаˡ
ֻڵĵƹʵڻ谵ı顣
ΪʲôʲôΪʲô˶һ˲һʵ
Ҳһħʦȷе˵ӦһʦɣָָؿǸõ˿ڡΪʲôҪ󷨽̸ңȻ󷨣ΪʲôԼϣ
Ϊʲô̸̡㣿˳鶯һǣЦЦȻҲǸʦҡҽ̸ǲǺô
üģĻش𲢲⣬û׼õȷеĻش𣬵Ҳû̫ʧ
ָָؿڵ˿ڡ
ô˵ͷһԼؿڣ־ҿһ󡣡Ⲣǡͨ˿ڣǺڰڰϵħɵ˿ڣͨĻָá
ڰϵħȻ᲻ƣ
뵽һ˿˷ܡ
ΪҪһ㣬ƱҪĶͼ
оĶͼڱĸħʦԿܹڷȴǳϲ
˳ڵϼǸûߵˣ˲ڵϰǸͼ»˳
Ƭ̺ͼϻһߡ
һŰ߲ٻһ
һٲٻ
˷
춯תľٶһ˿죬漴ΪŪ
֪ߵغСӣħǿ˹ǸҶħʦƵģƾҲģ

ոոŲͷʱԼϸһԼϵĴŴ磬Ȼ¶һº͵Ц·һֻ޺Сһ㣬ǰľš
Ǻô˵緹ˡڴһᣬȴ͸¶ͷŮ
ԼǺٺһЦƿš
װİ٣緹ôУһ㣬ҿҪ۵ġ
źĿռ伫俪ҿʮףнӽʮף߿ǽݷһװλĴ󴲣ֻκ߽һʱﵱĳ
Ȼ˿ŴͼֽͰѴ󴲵ıĿڸǵ߰˰ˡ
һЩͼֽīδɣŴӴڴ΢ͼֽ𷭹ڽ׵Ĵһǳĺɫۼ
֮⣬ڵİʵ򵥣ֻһſڴ󴲶洰ߵĳľѡ
ԼǵĿɢͼֽһѲ֪ĶڳľǰһŰֽϻʲôŮϡ
ӱӰðɣӱӰŮʲôӡ
ΪŮһͷںڵĳ·ٲͷк£żһ·䣬ڵ·һɫʻɢ
ӱ濴ȥΪĳڵֻż϶вλ͸һ˿ףԼ˫硣
ԼǵŮеͼֽתͷ
Ѿÿ춼ܼһΣԼȻԼ·˲Ϣ
һžµӣĹϣһԺ·źڰǶҶһü֮¡Сıǡôͦм´ͦȴֲͻأӲȥǡϻһĻߡ
֮£һźС죬תͷʱ΢΢ſƺ͸Ƭ촽·Ƭ¶Ļһޱˡ
Լ֮Ƭ촽£һ̣ǼҲ΢΢õôѣʱһЦݡ
ʱŮȴŨصĺɫīʹЦԵЩ
ҲݻȴԵø׽ɰʹԼһʱ֮ǿóˡ
㰡ԼǣָҴʲôôŮͬ糿еһö˿û˷ò
Լ㶣ŷӦ̯εصװİ٣·ȻУȴСܵøЩħʦһЩʱɣ
ôǻʧŮͷ룬Ȼôתſͼֽϻ
ӣȻʹ˲Լһ㡣


186 
ԼֻܿЦȻĿеŮ񣬵Ůͨʵĸȴںܶʱܲˡ
Ǹ١Լǲǵһִ֪ԼڣŮǻİӵѾҵǸһˡ
ĸһûתӵӦһ䡣
˵͵ȡŵʦƵǸСӡԼǵشֻһϾҵʽߣСѾؽΡŶؽˡ
͵ȡŵʦƵģͣеĶͷ룬ȻתȻԼǡץҿû˵͵ȡŵʦư
㲻˵ͼһģһԼεѵȻͼһݻŵʦģǿ϶ǸС͵ȡҲŲôͿƳôͼ
ǿɲһŵʦô˻ֻһħʦ֤ƸħɫҾδǸ͵ȡơҡҡͷŸĺڷҲԴҰڶһƥɫĳζһ㡣
ѵŵʦ͵ȡǸСӵƲɣԼȻôܣ
ΪʲôܣüԼһۡԼǡΪʲôҪ˵˭͵ȡ˭أ⼸ͼŵʦ˵Ǹ˹ͬоҲһ
ҿɲţǸСҿʮߡӣʸŵʦһо
һȻָָԼԼǣҽˣ
Լһ㶣㣿ûʮ갡ôˣ
ûʸŵʦһо
ԼǶʱЦȻСʷٷɭѧԺŮҪ˵ŵʦ͵˹󡭡˵Լ˲Ѿι١ǸСôܺȣʲô
Լһ仰ٺȻɫһ䣬ղŻƽ˲
ָָſڣȥ
Լһ˼ָָԼҳȥ
ȥ㲻ħʦҲ۸ħ
˵ٸղŵĻͷ·𴺷һʣôͻȻתת˺
ԼǴ˿̾ԼȻ͵˴˵еļ֮һ㣬Ӽ⵽ͷ趼Ѿ˱顣
ͬǵһ԰ٵϲŭ޳ӣҲ˵ʲôתȥ
ȵȡٺȻ
ʲô£Լһϲת
Ǹ˷ˡûǴĻϻ㻹߹ҡ۹ɲûԹڸħͼĹ涨ٵο֮¿ͼҷ֡˵ҲЩ졣øҵͼʵŵʦҵͼ㡣
ŵһ¡
ٶԱȻҹάڸħһ棬ԼŮ֮űǿķȨ
Ȼ˵ǸСӵͼӳɫǾһ
ȥԼǻûҵĻٿı顣ԼʶȤû˵ʲôת뿪
Լ뿪䣬»صԣԼǴģ˵ǡǸСӡɵͼٿ˿ɢһͼֽ
ղԼ۲ĻһᷢЩͼֽͼȫ͸ħƤѥٶЩ
֣ѵҪٵĲϴﵽͬĸħЧֻħôüͷ˺һȻһҲŲһõƣһҪƳӾģ
ȭͷԼľ󣬰첲һɨһƬռ䣬Ȼùһֽ֣ԼỬۡƺƵ
٣ͣ
һ䣬ſϣһͼֽ
ڵϻһеͣ
Ѿýĥͺһĵϣһͼɼ˵ͷ
СʱԼģ⸽ħʵ飬ͼ
ʵͼֻ˸ղŽ̸ǸħһСָĽѣȫµĸħ
ϾħǵһνӴֻһĶѾüСʱʱ䡣
ĬĬ˼飬ȷͼӦûһڴӸǸͼԪ֮˲䱻תΪȻֳһ˿뵽۹۵Ĳλ
һ˲۴ԼղƵǸħ
ħΪڸħʦڣҪħʦѸȥƣٶҪöࡣ
󷨸һɣ̸оղŰָƵԪ֮ԴԴϵͨ뵽ڡ
͸ղԼʱͬһԵԪ֮󣬲ûղȫɢȻ󷨸ǵзΧȫƣڸħ󷨵Ӱ£ָλáһ۹۴
Ԫ֮Ĳ룬ظо۵ļڲƺʲôӿһ㣬ȻһʹϮ̲סʹغ
ͬʱҲĸоԭѾû֪ǰ˽ָ֪ԭȥЩҡҡڰڻλƵǰҲرòҡΣʼϱ
ҧСдᡢʹ顢ȫ߶ڵаи
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬о۴ĸоһ
θĶûдȥԺ󲻹ʲôˣָͨˡ
ɾڴʱĶԺȻһ
ιСӣ㲻ߵĸ첲ɻΣھͣ
һȴûֹͣ룬ֻ̧ͷ
Ϊʲô
ʡûͣ£֪ʲôʱߵ˺Ȼ͵̧֣һϡ
˻һ۵ĵط۵̲סһ
ʲôһĵȻͻȻܵĶԴȴҲ̲סðһ˿ŭ
ʲôЦһѸ첲̧ߵġ
ɻ̧ۣ۾ʱɵü
ԭ˿̧첲ĶӦֱֱֻǰŶԡڣǰˣӹ۵λÿʼȴһͻأ򣬵ĸ첲ǸطȻȥһ㣬䲻Ȼ
ҲòϣǸŵĸħʦһЦҲһŵİ׳ҽҪôŪȥһ첲ֻܱˡ
Ϊһ˵һλԵʣһξҿ
뷴䣬ʹģʱû˰ֻֻǵʵΪʲô
ΪʲôΪûǶûСǸħţ桭ΪΪħʦܵô


187 
⻰ղ˵ôʡ
һϣ䣬⺬˹ȥ
ô죿ԼܲȻԿ˵ǻεۣ̲סü
ܼ򵥣ٰŪϡ˿һۣ۱黹źԵֻҪ½ӺýӴ˵Ĺͷֻһ취֮⣬ʥʦҲûκΰ취
˼ǡ°Ѹ첲ϣȻ̧ۣüë͵һ
ôȻôƽ뵽ҪԼĸ첲ϣҲܻܱ򶨡
б˴ϣԼŪϣ¡
ôңϷʵسһۡСӣҵ㣬ԽԽãȻϾˣĹͷٳһҪָǰǿɾ͸ˡ
Ȼó˿еĳŪ֪˵ʵ
ؿһȻ̧ͷ˵ιȥĻҰѹͷУһ¡
ţ
һ㶣ڿ仰˼ʱȴȻվ̧ۣȻصƵĴһˤ
ꡪ
һ졣
ƤŵħС
ʲôͣϣմʦʲôЦƾ弶ħʦݣȻܱͣ˵ֻˡѾˣһҵթһûʸͣΰǰһǲԿǶˣ
ҲôáɯҲһŭȥ֮ǰרʹˣ˵յ۹ɣͨĵ۹ƽʸˡȥΰҪʱǰ׳վȻ˵оܲΪͬﻹͼΰԱľٶ̫ӣԲ豣͡ǺôܻܲҪǾܲĻʱͲһȥΰˣ˵ͬͼ
˵ɯȻͣסϣմʦһתͷȥ
һ԰˿ͷ˼صûҸɵġ
ϣմʦɯһԴ̾һ
̱صϣ˰ϣմʦ˰֣̾Ҳܹ˿ǰһҪҲ̲סġ
šҪĻֻһȭͷǸʲô
ԼǡѶϵ˹˿Сѵ
ԡһȭʲôѶϵ˹ļһɯȭͷȻһ㶡ˣϣմʦѶϵ˹ôô죿
ϣմʦһۡˣϴڳһʮ˵ȣǶǹӵܡֵеΰ𳤣үүŰƽġ
ŶˡǸΰ𳤾ϡɯ˵ͷô˵ʲôԼǡѶϵ˹ġ
ӡϣմʦʵղȥħʦ·Ҿ֪ˣ˽ıֽڼȫ˹ٳ˶֪ˡ
ɣ˵ֻһС鰡ɯզ
ԡʲôԼǡѶϵ˹ɵġ˿оâһһðִ󣬾۹ɲȷҲһҪѡ
Сүү󣬺ܶ鶼үүŵɯԼһĳڸħоеϣմʦԣС˿ȿ͸顣
Ӧˡϣմʦ˵ͷʱӦòʲôΣաֻҪץѰ֤֤޹ġ
ˣ˵֤ݣҵǸŵʦҵô˿ʵ
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Ȼݸħʦļ¼ŵʱһֱ˹ٳӦûû뿪ûеħʦ¼ĻҲ֪ȥ
һûҵĻͰѲɰɯ˿ЩżһʱȴҲûʲôð취
û취ʱֻίˡһᾡ˰æģҲ̫ģյ۹ɣѶǰֹƵжĻһƸǸħʦʱҺǼϼһæ˵Ļµġϣմʦο
ɯֻܻͷ
ǰүүڵʱƺʲô鶼үүˣŷ֣ʵԼһֱүүı£һʧȥİԼȻһС¶û취
˿ҧҧеĲûаּˣŨ
ȻɯҶħʦŮϣմʦ弶ħʦλνߡ
˱Ͼǹ壬ҲٽӴ֮ϸ΢֮
νȻΪ档ڹԣӺ档Ϊ˱סӺʲô鶼пܡ
һ˵֮ҪôһķΪνҫͲκһ
Ϊһ嶼пܵйĳЦֻ´ӴԺ󶼲ڹȦ㡣
ǹܵ顣
ȻԼǡѶϵ˹ԣֻǸͨƽ񣬽ѵ㲻ʲôȻˣ;׷֣Ϊ¹ǷѶϵ˹ҫ
˿µľһ㡣
һŭһ㲻ҪȴҲһԸͷ
ԺڼﱥĥΣ˿Ҳ̲סˣڵվ
ҳȥһˡ
ôһ˿ȻԼֱӼһ˲䴩С
ϣմʦɯһɯҲվȥүүдšȻͬ뿪
ϣմʦ˺ðΣСôôɯô󣬻ǵһүүɡ


188 ȥŮ
˾ջС¥ϵºĿ⣬ϴЦһԵŮʵʲôʱʼģ
ŮղԼǽС¥ʱ̬иûаֹԣ˾ʱȴԵ쳣˳ӡ
ز˵ĻСǴùͺͿʼˣһֱڶû¥˶٣Ůֲ;ԼоһΣСȻûгԷ
Ŷô˵Ѿߡ˸Сʱ˰ɣ
ǵġ
˾Цҡҡͷ̾ϢŮһΪʲôħôרעأ
Ůһ£СӦˣǰŵʦ֮С⼸;ûһôʱġ
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ǰָСŵʦ񡭡ŮСĵؿ˾һۣǰСʦ
С㣡һֱºЦݵ˾Ȼɫת
Ůʱŵͨһڵϡ
һʱСġ
ˡѡ˾˲ָֻº͵ı飬С¥һۣ̾һϣԺ󲻻Ĺһ
鸴ӵؿС¥һ˾ҡҡͷȴû¥Űٵרоת뿪
뿪ס˾ռĴ󹫾תת;ˡǱº͵Цʾ⣬һ·һװμ򵥡ʹ󹫾ݻЩСԺ䡣
״ˣһˡʡܶʷٷɭѧԺԺǰһֱƽӵ˾˿ȴĵͷԺڵһͨСľһ
ɡСľڴһƽ͸ֲϣȴְ޿ɵϵ
˾ƿľݵСţһ߽ȥŵһϤ㡣
״ˣֵô
ľڳ輫Ϊ򵥣ֻһ輸ſΡ
輸棬ʱһͷмֻ׵ˣ⿴Ļ˾ߡ˷һȥ֪ܵǵĸӹϵ
էۣõ۹ʶ˿ˣϲǲϲˣⲻ˻һ˿ء
Ϊˣ󹫾ˡ۹ΨһϮ󹫾ͨɡ˾󹫾
õգΪġ󹫾ָָӣʾ˾¡
ǵģҲΪڽϻġ˾ͷº󣬿ð̵ݡа̾
Դʮǰȥ֮󣬸״ȻӲ˵ǰҲӲ¶Ϊӵȴ״еıʹԱĻҪࡣ
Ȼʧȥ˴СԼһ𳤴󣬸鼫ΪΨһã˾жϣǿӲİ˼ʿȴҲһ
һݣлǰΣľڵնʱԵ˼ֱ
Ҳ֪˶ã󹫾ٴοڡ
ôγȥѲһȦʲô룿
룿˾¶һ˿ζЦݡǣ治һò¡
ô󹫾һ¶Цݡʵ۱յѲʹǺܶĲ£ȴ˵ã
Ȼáƺ뵽ʲô˾üͷγȥ֮󣬿˺ܶ˲飬ҪƽʱƢֱֻӶˡȴҪԼѲʹݣҶ״ˣ֪һ·ҿɱﻵˡ
󹫾һˬʵЦݣ˲˸ղڱաСһƢҺΪʲôñﻵˡ֪ΪʲôҪ°Ҫݲô
˾Ц׵ġ״ͨݲºúĥһҪ֪ܶ鶼ܳ嶯Ҫѧ̡
󹫾Ȼ˾Ļܶ鶼ܳ嶯ûҿɴû߹㣬Ҫѧʲôƨ̣
״˾һ㶡
󹫾ƺһγȥкܶúܺãҺ⣬һЩȴܲ⡣˵ղ˵Ҫ̣ΪʲôҪ̣ƾʲôҪ̣ŵ۹ʲôҪ˾ȥô
һȻҲءȴԵޱŰ
ʲô鶼Ҫ̣
Ҫǣʵ۱أ
ʵ۱£󹫾΢΢Ц¹Ļ;ԲҪǼȥ̵顣ʮǰ۹ʧȥΨһŮһε۹ңҲñҲʧȥǵŮ
˾סһ亹
󹫾λ˶˾ֻͻᱻͬ췴
״ˣˡ˾סȰ
ǣǼˡ󹫾ɫƽ˾ּܿõգ뵽ʮǰô뿪磬ҵȷЩǿҪסǼֽȨƣܶʱǵ̫ȫʵǺ¡̣ںܶУǳǸ̫ͼıı֡
˾һָָ
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󹫾ϵһһڣûлش
˾ĬһȻһֻеһļ˹ȥ
״ˣѲзֵһЩ飬Ŀ
󹫾˵ͷӹļ𿪣
һ󹫾ȻѵһļһԣƳ˾һۡ
˾ֱӣ֪Ǵ󹫾Ҫǰס
Ȼ󹫾ļ֮ã˼Ƭ̣Ȼ󻺻ڣǸϼһ㲻ùܡôʵ⡣
ŶΪʲô˾ûһζӦǡ
ĵз֣ϾӪʿǷŵװһ붼ǲʲԼʸħһһħðħȻ˴⡣
ǡҵʱǾӪʱڸװħͬеŦ˹ʦ˵ɵĸħһħȻĹâȴħһ⡣ɰв顭
òˡ󹫾˰֡ʵһ֪Ϊʵ۱֪ô
Ҷܲ飬ʵ۱һ֪˾ҲûаԼĵʽ£ֻһ䡣
úܺãΪѲʹþһˣһͿˡ²ָܹѵ۹ڴڵⶼ󹫾ȻЦЦҪ֪ǵĻʵ۱£ܶҲ֪ȴû취ġ
ǡ״ˣЩôأ˾ʵ
ȷţԺõŵʱ򡣡󹫾赭дش
ۿ󹫾׼ڶļ˾Ȼֹ
״ˣ֮⣬滹һϣĿ
ʲô󹫾һļ˷ļ棬ȻһС붼ǽһ飬ղŹȥǸЩˡ
ʱָõͼħ͵ȡмװװظħġһݡŦ˹ʦ֮󣬾͸˵⼸װĸħδҲûиħơ
˰֮ģ󹫾ЦΪ⼸ӱĸħƣ»ڰɣ
˵û˾ͷʵڵʱЩħĸħʦУǵһˣǾŵʦ
ŵʦ󹫾һ¡ô
ǵģиħͳﰲţҰ˵ħҲɡ
ⲻܡ󹫾һ֡ȻȷͰٵĸħ츳ˮƽȴôһ㣬ǸСӡ˵󹫾Ȼһ٣ͻȻЩػ˻֡ǸСȻҲϲĸħˮƽӹɣҲжϡ
ǵģҲô롣˾ͷҺֶԵʱŲ飬еʱڳУֻһпܡ
˭
һصꡣ


189 ӹ
ӻн
۾ģȴһõĴ塣
ڷ㶵ʱ۴ľʹȴ̲סƺһ
һǿۿȥȴǰѾżľ壬򱻲֪˺Ĳ۹ʵʵȫá
ҪˣҵͷϹʮΣúܡ˵Ա
ȥȴѾɻԭڵĽ䡣
лл
ߣһǻӦɨһۺ󣬺Ȼ̾һ٣˵Сӣǲڵ˶ôݵģ
ݣΪôָָԼۡ
ôֻΪһ仰ͰԼĸ첲ϵļһﻹô
ڻǰľٶѾƽǾҳҲ̲סһ˿ļ¡
˵Ļȷʵ飬ΪǿƵʱûнʵѾӴˣȥĻͻһӻΡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ˺ݵģϣԼ۴۶ϡ
ͺûйϵҡҡͷ˵ʵҵĸ첲ȷЩΣȻǱҪġ
һҲɵشԼĸ첲˵˵۾ǿһ㿴
Ȼô죿첲ñûôһۣ˵Ļжô˼һ㡣
⸱飬ֻεҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪굽ǳɳһУȻԸ
˵ĸ첲湻ģղű˴ҲˣǱ˴ˤһ¡ȻҲֱˤϡһɡ㲻ýҲû⣬Ҳûá
Ϊˤ֮ǰӳ˼̵󷨡Ƴһ۴
̵󷨣˶ʱȻʲô
Ǵ˿Ѿ۾ʼڵ׼ɻǰʹõǸ󷨣û⡣
첲ðɼɫâ˿ĿгԻ
ʮ󺺴򶷵ʱһ۱㿴ʵӦһʦ
ȵʮ󺺺̸ǸħʵѹͲΪʲôġΪֻͼȴȫûиصĸħʽ
еԾģȫûиħʽ£ֻ˼Сʱʱ䣬ͽͨͼȫħԼϸʵʩȡԵЧ
Լʵ
ûиħʽζҪħͱȫԼϵһб仯
ѶȣԲһħҪͣ
ǳ˵ԤϣȻˣ
Ȼ⻹˳Ծĵط
𾪵òģǰԼ첲ľٶ
̸ħΪҶħʦĿ˹޴ʦɡԼǿΪĸħУģʦƷĸħνһġ
һģҲζȫбħص㣬ԼĳѶȡ
ڶ̶ʱħѾܹʵܽиĽ
ħЧģʦƷͼĻָֻһЩƤˣڸصû̫Ч
ҲܹȥϵףҲܰһЩС˿ڻָȴԶͷϵƶԼ۵ĹΪ
ֻһʱ˼Ȼ˵Ƥӵ˶ħĸ죡
ЧȻ۵Ĺ۶
⡭ʦƷеĸ߼ܾ߱Ч
仰˵ħĸЧȻԼµħЧΣ
Сӵĸħ츳ж̬
˵ĸħ츳ֻе̾Ļչ¶ĺԼʼ׻ǲˣ
ħ츳˳ɫԽΪš½ϲûгֹǰۼʶһ˵žޡ
ôСȴӵ˵ľϣƽ
СаĻֻƬ½϶᲻̫ƽɡﴫĹ̲סв롣
ǰ˴Ϲͷʱʦø߼ƷƹַȻܹˣȴᵽ˼˵ʹࡣ
ʱȻ˼ͷϸ亹ֱðѾʮʹ࣬Ӳûк߳һ۸Ŭȫֹ״̬˿
֪Ӱ쵽ħЧ
첲ðɫâоȻǰģᳬʮ꣬໹м˼˿⡣
Ϊͬʹ£Ǿ޷侲ɼҪϸĸħ
ͷתǱ߸첲ϵĹâһδͣ
Լֻ˼Ӻ󣬹âȻȥִƳɵƼϹʵʵĲһǱиһ㡣
Ķʱһ
СӡȻٿص˾ϸ
ľɢ̶첲ļľҲŻ䣬¶һ䲻׳ȴʮйø첲
۷ǰϸ۲һ£һ¡
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ҪĻǴԺܶصҲû⣿סֹ
ˣСӡ˵ǡֵԱ𡣡ƿȫˣֻǱ棬ƷôȴҲֻܼ˿ڵϣںܶ෽ȴǹ˲ģĸ첲ڿܺãȴǲ˵ȫˡ
ôãüʵ
ʹȴо۵ʱǾȫˡ
ô˵ƷǸûˣʡ
ʲôûص˭ƷûõģĲ˵ֹסѪ˿ڲãʡĹ˵ˣҪҵʥʦƵĻǿֱӰָȫõ״̬
ҵʥʦʵ
СôʡΪʥʦǽĴײôʵ㣬½ҽʥʦһǹ̻Ĵɣ׶һҶЭλ᳤šȡݡСӱ˵ǰˣֻһ涼ܡ
ҶЭ᳤סԼڷʱҶЭʱΡ
Ȼֻ˲µʱ䣬˿С¡˵ӣȴѾͣڼкңԶλһ
СӣЩûָˣи㡣˺Ȼ
ʲô⣿
벻룬ѧ
˵Ļ˵һ룬źȻһ졣
ȻȥͼСʱǰһԱޱվſڡ
أ̽㡣
˶һ㶣ͽطǸԼǼȻ˽ѵΪʲô̽أ


190 ̽

˾󹫾ֵֻķѶϵ˹кȻһŭ֮󣬼Ҫ쳹
еŭ𴫳ķͬʱȻ
϶ǲѵԼүˡ
ķ˿ȴֻʣ˷Ѷϵ˹ˣԼվǰıԼǡѶϵ˹
㿴㿴㶼ɵʲô飡һݽġ˹ٳرǳ۱⣬һǰԵüϵĲˣֱ۾Ȼ΢΢ĶȻòᡣ;㣬ҪΪҵΰ𳤣ͿΪΪ㡭㾹Ȼֵô㡭㡭
ˡ㡱˰죬Ҳʲô˵һ㣬Ȼһ˦ݱֱֽԼǡ
Լվܽϱֽ˲Զȫɢȫûʲô˺
Ȼһ
״ˡΪʲôôǽѵһԼŸϼⶼЩŤʵ
Ϊʲô˱ӳֽŭԼ˿Լǵ⡣ʱٴȼŭ𡣡ҾٴΣ鷳֮ǰһҪԷıôȥأ
ԼƵͷоЩԩ״ˣҿǴúСǴӿ˹ģŵ۹ûʲôϵȻ֪ס˵˹ʦŮҲ͵˹ʦûʲô̫еĹϵ˵ˣ˹ʦҲ˹ٳǡڣӦҲͷɡ
޴͵˹ʦ֮ûкĹϵΪ˹ʦһİסԼŮ
ҲСӸǸƽŵ۹ûκαİ
ңЩΪʲôһһݺļԼǰ
ԼƵظʰ𣬴ļһʱһ㶡
׶УǵVIPʲôЦ
ҶЭ᣿ЭһԱЭ˫Ҷ£
ʷٷɭѧԺġʲôԺУСӾȻԻʸ񣿡
˹ʹݣҲ

Խ¿ԼԽľΪļȻװʮݹģЩģһĶǱ˶ر¼Ĺġ
ЩЩ˹ٳһЩ֯壬ЩȫǸ塣
۹еĿΡ˼ȴϹӶףǾǶرʾ
ôᡭôܡ
ЩĺԼǱסЩ͡
Ҳû뵽ǸͨͨСӱץȻô˺֯Ĺע
ЩˡȻ˹ٳڷǳӰ֯͸ˣ
˵ûκαļôԼǿ깫ģЦ
ҡԼǶ˶촽һʱȴȫ˵
ȷ˸׵Ľ̵ڽѵ֮ǰѾ˲̽ıɲ̽Ľǳ˵˹ʦƤŵħе弶ħʦϣ֮⣬С˹ٳڸûκα
ȻڰǰʵȴпıԭֻΪǼѹ۵Сӣһ󣬾Ȼܹô֯͸˵Ĺע
״ˡҡ⡭ô죿Լ򲮾ͶȥĿ⡣
֪Լˣа̾ԼǲΨһĶӣȻΨһĶңǷѶϵ˹ֻ²ֹۡ
ǣҴˣ״ˣϽҸôɣԼǳϿҵص
ԼϵľɫиǲһûҪͷʲôƬ̣̾ʵҲȫ㣬ºҲ˲Сӵıһ鲻ʲôʵҲ֣ΪʲôСӻõôע
ǰΪʲôСŵ۹Ǻ޸ԼӦ
ֻܣ²ѻõĶ
ҶЭ׿Խ׵ĻԱ취ĽʵĻ£ԻϵҶƬĿ֡ҶƬԽ࣬ȼԽߡ
˫ҶȻߣȻܹû¡Ϳ˵ԱҶЭĽܳԱôҶЭҪΪͷϡ档
ҲȽ׶ǷݹϵĴǣҶЭĿҪǿӲԭ
뵽ԼЩ֡
ݵϣСֻ»δʮ꣬ôͬʱģ
ͺҲ²һйˡ˳˼
ʲôԼæʵ
ļֵ
ôܣֻǸһħʦ˶ûͨļһԼ
ƳԼһۣܶʱ򣬱ĵȼֲļֵġΪħʦأ
ԼҡҡͷҲţСӿûκγĵط
ⲻҪҪʵѾǰҪӦЩˡ
ôԼæʵ
ѵ˰죬Ҫõô
Щ̧֡ͷԼһۡ粻ϱֽĻǾҪ׵öࡣڱô֪ˣǾֶЩѡȻҪǱסǸСӣҪܵʲô˺ø°ѱšԼǣôˣ
˵һ룬ȻԼǵɫȻ䡣
״ˡҡˡˡ
ʲôµģ˲غȵûԼǻشȻҲɫһ䡣òǰһѵ˰ɣ
Լǳ˰죬ڻǿǿص˵ͷ
һΣ˵ŭȸղŻҪ˼֪֪Ѿʲôȥ̽ǸСô
˭Լɫٱ䣬ܹø״Ҳû취ܾˣݵλһͬСɡ
ǡ
˵֣Լ˲òҰס
ǰ̽Լʱʱһ
ʷٷɭԺôˣ
ڼεԱߣԼһ㣬̬У˹ŲʷٷɭѧԺԺɵ¡ʷٷɭ˹ЦָָӶ棬ʾ¡
ôʷٷɭѧԺѧץ˼ΣԺʲôô
Ƶؿ˵ԼûʽʷٷɭѧԺ¼ȡѾʷٷɭѧԺʽѧȴҲòԺ̽Ӱɣ
ԵɻʷٷɭԺȴӶתͷһΧĻٳͷŵòԼͷʼ鲼ȫδȫɵѪٺЦô滹ô
òŹֹ֡һ䣬ȴ˵ͷá
ôõشʷٷɭԺЦһȻϴε飬ҪҪٿ£ֻҪӦôͿ뿪
ǽףвơ
νϴε飬޷ǾӦΪԺ
ȡԼ뿪ΣôǶ
κһֻ»ɿشӦ
룬ȴҡҡͷ
лԺµĺ⣬ϴμȻѾܾˣǾûٴӦ˵ɡ
˰ʷٷɭԺ̾Ϣҡҡͷһϧص֪֪Ӧˣ츳Ҹұ֤깤ͿԳΪħʦʮ꣬ͿԳΪļħʦܲܳΪ弶ħʦҶħʦȻұ֤ʱ䣬ȴϣ
лԺĿءص
ϧϧϧҪ˹ǸһģǲϴӦȻھͰߣ˭Ҷ˵ʲô
ĬȻ
Ȼ֪Ӧ֮Զ׼ĺô˹ʦһĶȴһֱμԺȻ֪˹ʦΪʲôô˵ȴһֱЩĪļɵ
ðɣ֪Ҫ˵˸ı⼸ܣҲ׷ѹ򡣡ʷٷɭԺվһۣΪζЦЦģȻûдӦҵУһûбѧԺʽ¼ȡȻ˰ʷٷɭѧԺ˹ϵҾһܵġ
ؿһۣʷٷɭѧԺϹϵ
֪ıֽͷͷϢѾֵü˹ڵ˶֪顣
֣˹ٳھǲСһЩ
ȻЩδʲô
˹˵أ͡ڵ۹ɣҵǲ㷴ԡ⼸¶ˡܵĲʷٷɭԺɨһֱԱһۣЦһָġ
˵գʷٷɭԺվ˵ͷת뿪
ȥıӰкȻоһ˿
ʷٷɭԺܱͣԼǱҪ죿
ԱѺη󣬴¹ϣֱŵǰ¡
ղҸѧʲôô
˻ſ۾ӹһ˿⣬ٺһЦСӹȻôѧѧ
Ȼᶨͷ


191 ķӦ
ΪٽʷٷɭѧԺѧ˶Եø˹ٳǣø˼֡
ǰһ죬˹ٳϵͷϢϱʷٷɭѧԺһΪҵթȫ˹ٳºܶ˵Ĺע
Щ½ط˹ٳ׼μʷٷɭѧԺο˵ѧǣڿϢȻҪһ˸עһЩ
ǾصСڸĨʱڶ죬˹ٳһҺ͡˹ٳλġ˹籨ȴͬͷϿһϢ
ͷϣΪλһŴħӰӰһԼֻʮߡˡ
˴ʱЩңȫ¶Ѫд붼˴Ŀʺ졣
ľģĶͷϻһõĲӲĴʺͷϵ˿ֻ¸ӿֲ
ħӰ棬һرӴּӴı⡣
޹ѧݺ֮вŰ
˵ħӰϵȻء
ݱµ˵ظûҵթһжǱ˹ݺġ
Ȼϲûоָ˭ݺأǽ졶˹ٳ˵׳նµó˭Ӱһ⣬ڼôܵŰµûϸ˵Ϊκ֡ȻħӰ˵
ҵģǰʱ˾˵ͬ顣
˵ƪһ˹ٳڹµתһ
컹һڱȴȫתΪΰʣԼǸ˵ĳ
ЩУӦΪҵġǿ˹ŵ۹ڵĴ˹ʹݡ
ƪ֮󣬿˹ʹʾԴ½йעǿҪΰͷо
ȻΪ˹ŵ۹֮޴ʵ࣬˹ʹҲû취̫Ķ˽˹ڴӿ˹ȴԷ֯һʾؿŵ۹ȷʱץǿǴڼܵŰ
֮⡣׶кʹ½ҶЭᾹȻҲͬʱʾΰǴ
˶⡣
ҶЭϡ棬ΪԸһֱǿӲĻ᳤£ҶЭһֱֵʮǿӲڹϵҶЭԱϡ
׶ҶЭͬϾֻһСֻּ׬Ǯˣͨ£ǾͱʲôͻҪ˵ֱǴΰĹٷ֯
׶˵VIPݺ˱ǵ
ΪУעصľξǷ񣬼VIPˣ׶ȴ޷ӦȻûָòԣȴһVIPɡ
׶кҶЭ֮ᷢ˳֮⣬ЩԾͺ档
ءʲôˣ
ǽ챻ʷٷɭѧԺѡУϾҪμѧ˵ѧ֮⣬Ȼӵ׶VIPҶЭԱݣ
⻹һֻʮӦеôʮ껹ɡ
˰Ŀϣܶѧϰħģ׼μʷٷɭѧԺѧ˵ѧǣʱȴǰע򡪡ͼϡ
ѧô˹һùݵķֻʮߡĿ⼯ڵһλŶʮϡ
Ϊѧ˳˼һȻЦҡͷУһ벻ס
ΧһµѧڿЦɣ㶼ףصˮƽôô
⣬ѧȤ˷ʵˮƽãνˮƽҪļ棿
⡭ˮƽǡǡͷȻ򵥵Ҫͦѡ
νˮƽߵͣʵûô򵥡ܹɵĸħ߼ⲻҾһǿѧͷһϵͼһ̾ȻЩģҲòϣħƼֱۣȻֻǿ쳣򵥵ߣаȴǳ򵥡
ôˣһҲ˿ͼ¶⡣ôʮ߶ѣܸӵȥ
УҪܿҲʷٷɭѧԺѧˡ
ǣѧڿʷٷɭѧԺ꼶ѧǲǿȥˡ
ѧ΢΢һЦҡͷʵҲûôʷٷɭѧԺѧأҵˮƽ㲻ʲô
ѧ̫ǫˡ
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192 ѡ
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ԣ˿νĴʱӦҪöˡ
Ϊʮƽͬ˿СڹȦﳤ󣬸׸ǿ˹ʵȨԶЩ͵Ȩߵ˼Ҫ˽öࡣ
Щ˵̲õģܹܿơ
ЭĻǾʹŸħʦὫܿơħʦӴ֯ܿƣЩ˶ԣв˵ȫ̡
ŵ۹ĿʵΪʲô͸ħʦǩЭأֱڸܣ˿Ȼʮɻ
ѾôԶˣ˭ҡҡͷġҲֻŵ۹͸ħʦЭ飬ôҡǿ˹ɷҲûأ
ŵ۹ڴ½Ψһĵ۹ɷô涨ĹҵȻֻЧඡ˿һȻĿش𡣡˵ˣŵ۹Э飬Ĺô͸ħʦìܡ
˵ͷħʦ½֯һЩСҶԣȻܲͲ
˿˵ӦǺ°Ȼŵ۹ɷܶҵǾֻܽħʦþ롭ħʦ϶һо
˿΢΢ҡͷ̾˿
ǰ̫ˡ
ֻ鲻Ըˡ
˿ϵر飬еһ˿
ôˣ
Ϊǰ죬ŵ۹˾ոͨ˵۹ԪԺݵһ顣
һ
ѵ
˿ûɵһʹͷǵģͺйˡΪݣŵ۹˾е۹ʮɷ˵˿һŵ۹ڲɷȴرҪԵ۹ɷƣܴ©κһְСͰҵթ
ħʦķ
ɫͷ˻۾ǰȻվһһۣʵô
һ˹ش
˵˵ͷʵŵҵûУ
ûСֳһ˿ɻ󡣡᳤ˣô춼ûҵŵزѾƺڲϣһ¡
Ӧòᡣط˼ȻΪ᳤ȻǸħʦλ᳤Ф˵ĶҡҡͷǼȻҪͨǸħʦᣬǾһҪסŵȻŵҪˣʲôָ֤أ
ŵʦӦòɡЩš
ϣЩܻϵġФ᳤ЦЦƺԼƶϲ黳ȻҲŵǾˡǵҪĿҲӱ
΢Щǣ᳤ˣҪصĻҵġ
Ф᳤ץϵļļ˷Ŀļϵļͼӹһ临ӣмǧͼϣ΢΢һЦ
İɣСһ츳һܹһصġ
˹ٳΪӿԵЩʱԶǧ֮ķǷѧԺſڣȴԵüΪá
٣˰Ƕ˰ˣԶԶؿǸССӰ֣У԰ſڵļŮߺ
ĸ״ˣ˵ҵһһ˳Զţ˰졣ʸɴЩСϢϣ˿̴һԹҲǵġҶôˣһԶŶѡõô˵ˣλǺǺüһֲһˡ
˵ˣҳŵʱ򻹲һ⼸Ůͬ̾Ϣ
ֱԹ˼䣬һףɯأôһ
ǶءһŮԶŬŬ졣
̧ͷȥȴɯʱһͺԼкվһ𣬵˵ʲô
ףĲһȥɯʵ
ЦЦҡҡͷˣһȺŮӣҿɲһ𡣡
Ϊɯ׷ʵ
׳ĬһЦðɣ㡣ʵֻǾԼˮƽȥ˹ٳǣҲﲻʲôæ
һҪȥæѵȥһҲܸ˵ġɯ̲סȰ
ˡºȴᶨؾܾˡ㵽˹ٳǼ󣬴ʺһˡ
ɯҡҡͷ֪Ȱף㲻ټ
㻹бĻҴô
׵ͷƬ̧̣ͷЦҲûʲôͰҸ鶼ҪֻҪžͺá
пͱһڴʮûжǶӣɯһ΢΢ͷãһġ
ţ߰ɣӦõȼˡ
ɯͷԶˣ˵ͷãˡ粻ĻºҾӦõ˹ٳǡ
һ·˳硣
Ҳء
˻࿴һۣɯԼıչЦգӰˡ
һֱɯתȥ


196 
У԰ŲԶһС¥˹ջؿĿ⣬ת׼ô
˿Сһ׼׵ʱԳ
˹ص˵ͷתͷһ۴ѾԶȥȻЦЦһΪⱲӶٻصǸƵط벻ȴҪƨƨߵܻȥСӣǺ˲ǳ
ʧУ˹תͷĿһħϡ
ڵˣһϹͷҪȥ
еŮȻ΢Цţ·˹䱧Թǳȥġ
˹һҡҡͷѾһַۣŽһȻ˿Сһӡ
˹٣

Сƭӡ
½һ߰¶ʮգ˹ΰͥʽͥҵթһ
ԭֻһǳͨİӣ˹ٳÿ췢ƵİûһҲмʮ𣬰ΰĻְһ˵Ƚ˽Эֲ̣ͥ
еİҪУôŵ۹ɷְҲ߸̰ˡΪ򵥡
ͨ˵ְӽУͥఴչ³͵ԱһϰپͿɡ
ǽڴӵʱͥȴʮԱԼ٣һ߼٣
ԭ汻˫ڽеĴǹལ˹ΰͥĿǰߡҲĸ߼̲ס˸Ƿ
ģͬʱΡ
ְҵѾʮֵ꣬İҲйǧȴǵһֵİӡ
ȻνҵթӱϿǳ򵥣ȴȴʮش
Ϊ⻹һ͸ħʦйصҵթ
ڴ֮ǰ͸ħʦصİӣֻҪ˺ȫȽΪصڣ½йңŵ۹ѶԸħʦĴħʦȥɣûͥС
Ϊһ٣·ҵʮ˵ʵһֱܷԵģΪѾ̤˷ɵĹƽ
ںòиħʦĻᣬȻ
ΪʲôΪͥΪ¸صķ١ȴСӵԭ֮һ
һԭ򡭡
ˣԭղѾо㹻֤֤棬ʲôҪ˵ôת򱻸ϯϾŵʵ
ٴˣ⻰ɡûлشԱһԼʮ꣬һɫۣǰħʦµվԭ淽ֻо˼Ϊ鱨ˣûеõȷ֮£ʵ㲻֤ݡ˵Ŀ֤ݣô˵㹻أٴˡҿɲԻƫԭ棿
΢΢һ֪Լղŵȷ˵ˣΪ٣Ҫֵǹƽƫġ
˵ʲô֤㹻Ҳѹֻᱻص˸ץסСӽз
Ȼ˵һλͥϯ϶ʱ˽
һûо⣬ֻȻƽʵô棬ʲôطҪзô
Ȼ˴شҪ˵ԭоٵЩȫܳΪ֤ݣ
ȫȻ
Ҫ˵һ֤ҲͰˣȴҪ˵ԷеĶΪ֤ݣδ̫˰ɣ
ɨԭϯһۣڵȴӵһʼԭ˵óͼں󣬶ŵǰȡŵơһȫֻԭ淽Ĳ²⡭
۾ԼίݵؽűۣǳȻ˼ʱȴѾͥϡ
Ϊǲκνġ
ڼ֮еʱ˿ѾȻ򵥣Ϊǣŵ۹͸ħʦ֮ľףԴһʼӵʤѾν֤ݺܹͥģվӽģʵǸħʦŵ۹֮ʵ
һ˿ķʱʮֿЦ
Ȼħʦ½ϵӰ󣬵Ͼֻһɢ֯ôܺŵ۹½Ψһ۹⣿
˿ķȴòȫûе
ûŵ۹ڵȷ½Ψһĵ۹һ˶ֻӵȻ۹ôӴվ෽ɣЩУħʦһ棬ǡǡǼΪҪһ档
總ħʦŵ۹ԵĻŵ۹ȻǿӲذħʦᶼӵ۹ڰγʧȴҲǵ۹޷ܵġ
Ȼէһħʦŵ۹֮ûʲôɱԣʵֻҪħʦǿӲĻŵ۹ȴҲҪ˼ɼ֡
ε¼УʵϾŵ۹һ̽
ͨץһŵ۹ǡôʱͨµɷѶԸħʦĳʹҲ˵۹ɷ
ڸħʦԣѾİٶһȨڱսȻͬܡ
Ȼħʦŵ۹֮䲻ᷢͻΪ˫ûô
ǹӣʵϾͳ˫ʾԼһ
˹ٳгķ٣ŵ۹µĵһӣҪӵɭǸħʦĻӦ
ɭץסвС©һ©Ȼԭ淽˴ǸħʦӮһ֡
ҲãɭҲգҲ⡭ֻǸոտʼ
ȻȻɭһٴǹལԭ淽Եô©ٳԭ淽ϾҲбȻԴУչ˷
˫ͥչС
һʱ䣬ͥǿˮī֭ɣչһɫ
ֱСʱټԭ淽Щ˫ЩˣͣʱΪ֤ݲ㣬޷о
һһֱʮ־󷨹٣벻ȷʵ©ٳ뿪ͥɭҡͷ̾ʼ˵֤㹻˵֤ݲҲȫûһӦеϽ
ЦЦûнӻг˻ش˼ش⣬ʱȫûпڣҲ˫ļŪЩͷۡ
ɭȻͥϺԭһôʱ䣬ȴȻȣ治֪Ķľ
ɭƬ̣ļֻˡҲӦ֪һʱܽģҲðѾ档᳤ת㣬˾Ǵ˾ҲܰԼĸħˮƽˡǼͼۺܸߣϣܱԼˮ׼ҪûԼ֡
ͷ
˹ٳôãô˺Լӵиħ츳Ѿٻɣ츳Ƕߣʱûʲô
ɭֽת뿪ҴææӣֻǸŵ1ʱȥħʦ᳤档


197 
һߣһԵ˿˹
ôûܵѰɣ
˸ۣʵ˿Ӧһֱϯϴŵİɣô⣿һ£ʵɯأôû
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Ҫˣ˭΢΢ȻɯִֵԸʲô˻ᱻ֮ΪҪ
Ҳ֪˿ҡҡͷֻǿ˵ӣӦúĹϵܰɡ
˵仰˿΢Щŵ͵ɫȴϱûʲô仯ֻȻЩɻ
У˵˰ɡ룬ֻۡ
ѣδҲ˵Ŷ˿
ѣһҡҡͷû˵ȻһЦԸֻûмкܵ˰ɣ
˿ҲһЦ漴ʵҪأ
ʲôģѣҪĻǳף֮⡭Ϻѵõ¶һЦݡһҪΪǸкĬˡ
˿ؿϵıһȷûаֱչһЦסĸ첲˷ܵصߣò׽ˣȥԴףͣ
ûأղɭ˵ӾһҲ⡣
ǲܡǸħʦỹŵ۹ϲġ˿һʱ䳤ˣ˭֪ʲô⡣ħʦȻϡҲɷʽͨǳǺŵ۹Ȼû취ԡŵ۹ҲϾˡħʦӰ쵽۹ľƣԵ۹˵ҹֻһھܽ
ǽĽʲôأЦʵҪԼ뷨ʲô鶼ûҼʵʵصҵĸħʦá
ǰܣꡣ˿Ҳ̾һŵ۹ҲǵģͲħʦķùĻŵ۹ѵŵʵ۱ѾʮǰҲɣҪǼ˸ħʦᣬһֲǲܡ
˿ͺһֹ˿˵ȥ
˴ʱɻû߳ΰΪܵȫĿİӵģΧ˵Ŀ󲿷ֶϡ
ȻҶ֪ںܶעšΪû˻ðȻ˿ĻС˵ĶǻǳС鷳
ֹ˿סС졣
ҲֻǾһС漴Цտΰȥ
Сʱ˿˹һСڡ
һҪҵģŵϺɢŨش̱ζˮ˿΢΢üͷʵ
ӿڴóһֽһۣ÷ʮߺšӦǰ治Զˡ
˵ղ˼ɵϵˮ̤Сȥ
˿ȴԼһƯֱӴ·Ϸ˹ȥ
ʮߺšʮ˺šʮ
ۿҪߵĿĵءǰȻ󺺵ĺм仹һŮĿ޺
˿һ㶣࿴һۣ˿ƯΪ˲˹ȥ
ǰһ죬漴ҽС
ǼҽоŮӷȴ̲סЦ
˿һӦ֪ذɡ
ظϵ·ص㣬ʶ̧ͷһȴҡҡ׹СľϹŵƺţȴȻҪҵġ÷ʮߺš
һºϽ˽ȥ
ڵκеӲ̫ࡣ
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ֻ˿⼸⺷Ĵȴûа׺֮һԵüΪ־塣
Ȼǿ־ĶľݵһǣһֻĸһһСŮ˿
⼸һôЩ죿ĿڼվŵĴӹ˿ϣͷȻ˷ϻȥ󺺡
շһ󺺵סһ
Ϊһ￴Щ졣
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󺺣ȻձؽʱҪѵһٵǸ̴
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οһֻǶһ첲һȴѪ˹ȥȽǲҵöˡ
˵ɡΪʲô˶٣ʵ
̴һ㶣ӦŶ԰ɣ
ǿһۣǵذ̽˶
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ο̴󾪾ɨһԵ˿һۣղСʱ⣬ôҲû뵽СֻСͱһֱ˹ȥ
ƯСȻСҲħʦ
뵽λһħʦæ̴κη뷨
ֻǴֵ顣̴󺬺شһ䣬Ȼ˿˿СŮһۣСʵн飿
ҲɨСŮһۡΪһֱ˿СŮʲôȻ˵ͷе顣
̴ʱ촽࣬һ䣬ȻȻԺͺ޹ˡ˵ָʹŻվŵ°ȻԵ̧˸һ˲˳ȥ
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СŮ˰Σ˿»شת˳
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СŮһڣȴ˿סˣΪôҲû뵽һҾƶ϶ܲСŮȻʽл⡣
СŮеڸ˿һΪ½ϵһڱ׼ԣСŮӦһ򵥵Ů㹻ˣϾֻһͨƽ۵ŮˣҪŮһΪ˱ʾʮָӵڡȻ˿ĹŮҲȥַޱȵڵġ
СŮûͨƽŮһŮҲûϺղ˵ĻĵĹڣһһħʦ֮ʺڣ
СŮڣ˺һŷӦͬһ
˿֪ô£ȴѾ׹
ʵ֮Ի˿һʵһ˵ίС
ˣʵڼæڽڽ󷨵ͷ
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һ£㡭ллͷʲôϵôСŮеĸħʦڼΪ׼סʵ
лͷСŮһֱͷĻ͵ͷ˫۷Ź⣬ڴʵ֪лүү
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СŮȻɸħ㳡ǸСŮƭӣ


198 
ΪϳѾ׼СŮȻЩڣȴȻֱϵıڴ
ôҲû뵽лͷԼҵ˾ȻǸ˳Сƭӣ
˵ԼлͷŮѵҲƭ˵ģͷԴǻ˰죬û취1ʱشСŮ⡣
һԵ˿֮ĹŹ֣ɺʵ٣ʶ֣˹Ҳûðôʶôˣ
˿һѹ
СŮǸСƭӣлͷûƭ
˵СŮϵڴԼɾװġ
Һүүʶ򵥵ػشһ˿СŮүүڹͦãΪʱڲ㡣ҲǰʱڱĵطȻ㡣
˿ƳһۣǰʱڼĶҲûȥôүүġ
Ȼɲ׳
СŮȴ˿ûлɣΪүүϢ˷үү˵û˵ʲôʱ
лͷϵơ̾һҡҡͷүү黹鷳Ҳȷʲôʱܻ˵ˣֻҪһ飬1ʱ㡣ˣҴһ仰
ʲô
˵ݺ޻ҪˣҪúչǣʱ뿴Ժӵ޻
һģСŮձ˷ܵغһ䣬Ȼ뵽ʲôСʱͨ졣ͷĬ˰Ρһǹһ㣬СǸظ磬ϴƭǣԲ𡭡
СŮĻ˿ϵıӹŹ
ƭǣôһ£
һЦڰֵûȷƭǣƭʲôô
СŮһ㶡ȷϻƭˣĽȴʲôҲûƭǰԼĵ߸Ūˡ
ΪȥǱʵʵشһ٣ıϻмûкõ˺ۡ
ˣղŵıֿԿóǸ֪ڵĺúӡүүǰһĺܺãţȥƭ˿϶ı⡣š̴ӡңǲǸղЩ˱ȥģ
СŮ˵ͷ
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СŮشڿڴԼʮöҷľΨһСԲϣȻͳдַֽڱдɯҵĵַ
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˵Щ˿һתȥ
˿ЩȻҪ˵ʲôȴѾ˳ȥֻõοСŮһ䣬׷˳ȥ
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Ǹɴȥûٸء
Ҫô򵥡ûص˿һۡ
һڷϲ֮ʱԵǿɿһӴЩײʱ׳ա
ȻܹС
Ȳ˵ȥҪЩʲôҿԼδԸ⡣
ΪʲôԸ⣿
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ֻҪܹκƣԺκ鶼ð졣
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ҺɯʶʱҲˣƽʱıӦûʲôδ֮ģһҪȥӭӵĻӦĸĸߡ
үү˹ʦ
˵ͷ
˿ȷģɯҪȥӵҪǵ˹ʦĻҲʹڿԼ˹٣ȫ½϶պҶħʦˡ
Ȼ˹Ѱҵ˹ʦĿشˣ뵽ܹλ˵енסЩ
˿ȻҲ֪˹ʦ½ĴϾǸħʦȻ
ϵı飬˿һתȻصǵ˹ʦˣ϶Ҫɯһסɣ㻹ɯסô
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ɾ˿ողħʱ˿۽ǱѾƳɫâ𣬷ǳ˶
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Ҫ˵֮⣬һʵħʦһԻ
Ȼˣ˿ҪҲǵдʱѾգı󣬸κοʱ䡣
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ײħܵΪƣҷһܵͳĻ졣
˿ֻħϱлеĵطһ಻ӿħԪزһ˲ѾĲµħܣȻоһɴϮڰյӱ㲻ص˳ȥ
˿ϾҲټħţȻƲȴҲ̣ȻѾȴһߵɡһ߲һħܣŶԷܿܽĳ
ȻµһħʱѾԣΪԷħʦûгô˻
ȴȻоеħԪز
ѵ
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·ļʿЮųĶϾҪײ֮⣬Զϵħǵ֮ϯǼơʬ
£Ҫ˵˿ħʦ㻻ļħʦ弶ħʦֻ¶Σաοûκζħħʦ
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Ȼеһʼħ͵ϮֱҲôһգ۵Ĺ򣬻仰˵˿Ҫ۾ȴҲ
˿ң·Ԩʱˡ
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һͣʱ䲢Ҳһգ۵Ĺ򣬵ȴѾ㹻
ʿѾ׼˿ĸ߶ȣŷ˿ѾʧһΣǱϾḻԼʱõ˹
ִϵڿͣһ£Ȼֻһգ۵Ĺȴȵط֣ԼѾΪѵĹȥĻֻ»ôŵ´ȥ
⵱ȻǾ飬ֻڰաٶȸıƺ͹
ǱϾҲļʿڿеʱҲؿԼ壬һõƴʱȻ޴档
οôһκϾص
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ϧǸ˵ʱҲά˲һӡ
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һȭеĻұ֤°뱲Ӷֻڴ϶ȹ
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ȫϣȭͷڻʱûзȭͷ׵ĹǷһͳ죬һȭ˴ֺϡ
ұ߶ʿȻʶͬȥǴһ
ԭͬ˿̾ȻѾһʯͷֱȥȻǻ˹ȥ
ұ߶ʿд󺧣ȻһͰѺԼʵӽͬˣ
֮£ȴûκ˼ȭͷٴһȭ
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ʿȭͷؼ˫Уһ졣
һȭǼʿʣж̺Ȼ󣬶˫ʱڿУ޽ĵطһȭУӶʱҶƮˡ
ʿΪΪʲôеȻʱȻǰķϮ
ոհһãѾоԼлУӸһɳڿҡڷ
ֱдصײһǽͣ
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Ժٸ˵㻹÷ɣһץ˿ĸ첲ʾԼ
ΪʲôҪܣôǲͷ
ȻһţһѪ˳
˿ס죬סԼ˸
ոշɵգ˿Ѿ·ðġˣǵĴϵĶԼħԿ⼸˵ʵȸղŵǼ˲
ԥƬ̵ĻֻھͺذΧ
ҪĻֻûôס
ݺݵضЩһۣ˿Ϸ򣬱˲ɶݡ


20 췴ô
󹫾
˾󹫾ûǸľ֮Уڹнר鷿ڡ
Ķ棬Ȼǿ˾
״ˣΪʲôƽڴ󹫾ǰʱĹͬ˾һЩɻиźԵѯ
󹫾ȴȻȴԵЩ˹飬һڣŷʵô
˾˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ״ˣ̵ңκ鶼ҪԼܻõ棬ȥءҴпκζĵط
˶٣󹫾ûʲôӦ˾״ˣϻظıҲˣҲͬصļֵȻΪʲôȥȡҪҪɱô
ǰȡ󹫾ȻԳЦһ¡Ӧһʵչȡ˹ȴҲȡȡ
˾ü˴󹫾һۣʲôͬô
Ϊħʦһֱܱŵ۹ȫ̿ơڰŵ۹ϵس£һЩħʦͼЧڻʵ۱£ǲܿƵĸħʦᡣ
飬ִ޴صĹ̵ģǡǡǴ󹫾ˡ
̴Ѿִ˶ʮ꣬˾ʮԸ£ĸħʦѾǧвһЩ߼ħʦҶħʦ󹫾͸¶һ
Ϊĳɹ󹫾ǰʱʵ۱˽һ飬顣ʵ֮ôעĿԭ
ԭ˵ʵֵһᡣǾŵ۹ΰĻʵ۱£ڱ󹫾˵ˣٵȥ
صӲŻעĿŻ˰ӿŻøħʦ߲͵۹߲˽﷢Ͱеĳͻ
ӴһʼѾû⣬ûɷ⡣
յĽˣôҲͳ˸ħʦͬڵ۹ɡ
ֻҪͷŵ۹ȥһħʦԸħʦӰ죬ӶմݻٸħʦᣬհѸħʦ۹ĿС
ħʦᵱȻҲʶһ㣬ԸħʦϲŻ᲻׼ȷ˵ħʦһֱĲûӦɸħʦж
ȻʵֻǸӣֻǸӰˡ
öӱȻҪȴҪ
ˣӵ۽ӻ磬ǸħʦҲãŵ۹ҲգҪеĶܴ졣
⣬˾⸸״ΪʲôҪôԭ
̧ͷһ۸״˵Ȼı顣˾Ѹƶһ£˽ᷢ顣
Ȼһһ亹
ˣǣֻŵ۹ڽᷢ޴󶯵
˾еľġһ󹫾ȻǵˣôȴȻҪôΪʲô
״ˡ˾˺һСʳһ⡣⼸ˣ֪ô
ÿôҪæ˵ЩС¡󹫾赭дش
ش˾һ
ô˵״Żʵ۱顣
Ҫʲô
״ˣΪʲô˾˰죬ʳ˺͸ռ󹫾ʱͬ⡣
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Ϊʲô󹫾Ƴ˾һۣ΢ͷƺڻʲôһȻ֪֪ǸСӣôô
˾һ㶣ȻǱѾ׷ɱô
Ѿ׷ɱ󹫾ƺһΪʲô룬·ѾʵѾ㣬ΪʲôҪһ٣ȥ׷ɱˣ
״˼ǡ
ʱɱ˵Щˣʵҵ¡
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ҵȻɱ󹫾ߵҪɱǸСӣôӵù
˭˾˴󹫾ΡϵĻںޡġŭͲʡƺʲôղ˵Щ£ֲ´ɱǵΨһпܵģֻС£
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Ǿ֪ɱԼõʵǵ۹ʵ۱£ô죿
Ǹ췴
Ϊӣôܣôң
ˣ󹫾س˾һۡ
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ֻǴС˹ĹҪԱġһʱӦˡ
ȵȣ˹䣿
˾Ȼ󹫾ʱкȻСʱ󹫾Ρ
ȻЩУкܶһʲôˣȴû˵ӦЧһʵ۱£
ѵ״ʮǰ㣿
ΪʲôѾʳˡ
󹫾Ȼóһݾڶ˾ǰ
˾ڷһֻеԽԽ
ȻݾֻǼһЩطķǳ飬ԼһЩ˵ľٶ˾Сȴ˲жϳЩһı
ıģʮǰȥá˾
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˾ͷһ亹䣬Ͼڣݻ󹫾ĬƬ̣쳣ƽص״ˣˡ¸ҪǼ帲Ÿġ
˵û󹫾ص˵ͷӦúŵ۹֮˹һĴܹңȴֻʣҡôʧģӦú
˾˵ͷʮǰ˹ؼʧʱҾѾˡ
㻹ΪʲôҪôô󹫾ʵ
ǵģ״ˡˡ˾һ
Ȼ֪˸״ʵ뷨ôˣվһֱ׽͸˼Ҫǿöࡣ
жȻסҾεûʲôҪ˾ֵ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ôֻΪ˼ħʦͻʵ۱µìܣôֻҪȥһΣ˶֪һηˣطҪɱءΪɱ˵øħʦͻʵ۱֮˻壬ĻǸӰм䣬û취ȥôࡣ
ܺã㿼ڳˡ󹫾Ц
֮⣬ҾáȻֻһ棬ȴһرиУɱĻҸооһڡ
󹫾ü˰֣Ͷ˵鲻ҪԼĸоƭˣܶʱⶫǿסġ
ǡ
Ȼ֪ˣβȥһ£һʮ
ǡ
˾Ӧһ׼뿪Ȼһߺ
󹫾ˣˣпã
󹫾˾࿴һۣ֣Ǵ󹫾ϵĹܼңӦúʱһ㲻ͲŶԡ
ʲôˣ˾ʵ
ԳǴ󹫾ľʶ÷塤˹
÷塤˹
󹫾˾Ȼ
Ȼ


201 
˾󹫾ûǸľ֮Уڹнר鷿ڡ
Ķ棬Ȼǿ˾
״ˣΪʲôƽڴ󹫾ǰʱĹͬ˾һЩɻиźԵѯ
󹫾ȴȻȴԵЩ˹飬һڣŷʵô
˾˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ״ˣ̵ңκ鶼ҪԼܻõ棬ȥءҴпκζĵط
˶٣󹫾ûʲôӦ˾״ˣϻظıҲˣҲͬصļֵȻΪʲôȥȡҪҪɱô
ǰȡ󹫾ȻԳЦһ¡Ӧһʵչȡ˹ȴҲȡȡ
˾ü˴󹫾һۣʲôͬô
Ϊħʦһֱܱŵ۹ȫ̿ƣڰŵ۹ϵس£һЩħʦͼЧڻʵ۱£ǲܿƵĸħʦᡣ
飬ִ޴صĹ̵ģǡǡǴ󹫾ˡ
̴Ѿִ˶ʮ꣬˾ʮԸ£ĸħʦѾǧвһЩ߼ħʦҶħʦ󹫾͸¶һ
Ϊĳɹ󹫾ǰʱʵ۱˽һ飬顣ʵ֮ôעĿԭ
ԭ˵ʵֵһᡣǾŵ۹ΰĻʵ۱£ڱ󹫾˵ˣٵȥ
صӲŻעĿŻ˰ӿŻøħʦ߲͵۹߲˽﷢Ͱеĳͻ
ӴһʼѾû⣬ûɷ⡣
յĽˣôҲͳ˸ħʦͬڵ۹ɡ
ֻҪͷŵ۹ȥһħʦԸħʦӰ죬ӶմݻٸħʦᣬհѸħʦ۹ĿС
ħʦᵱȻҲʶһ㣬ԸħʦϲŻ᲻׼ȷ˵ħʦһֱĲûӦɸħʦж
ȻʵֻǸӣֻǸӰˡ
öӱȻҪȴҪ
ˣӵ۽ӻ磬ǸħʦҲãŵ۹ҲգҪеĶܴ졣
⣬˾⸸״ΪʲôҪôԭ
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Ȼһһ亹
ˣǣֻŵ۹ڽᷢ޴󶯵
˾еľģһ󹫾ȻǵˣôȴȻҪôΪʲô
״ˡ˾˺һСʳһ⡣⼸ˣ֪ô
ÿôҪæ˵ЩС¡󹫾赭дش
ش˾һ
ô˵״Żʵ۱顣
Ҫʲô
״ˣΪʲô˾˰죬ʳ˺͸ռ󹫾ʱͬ⡣
ֻһΣеĺȴͬ
Ϊʲô󹫾Ƴ˾һۣ΢ͷƺڻʲôһȻ֪֪ǸСӣôô
˾һ㶣ȻǱѾ׷ɱô
Ѿ׷ɱ󹫾ƺһΪʲô룬·ѾʵѾ㣬ΪʲôҪһ٣ȥ׷ɱˣ
״˼ǡ
ʱɱ˵Щˣʵҵ¡
ⲻܣ˾Ȼվ𡣡ҲţҲɱ
ҵȻɱ󹫾ߵҪɱǸСӣôӵù
˭˾˴󹫾ΣϵĻںޡġŭͲʡƺʲôղ˵Щ£ֲ´ɱǵΨһпܵģֻС£
˵˾
ΪԼ͸״ױѾȫѾñ˳벻ȴǱˣ
Ǿ֪ɱԼõʵǵ۹ʵ۱¡ô죿
Ǹ췴
Ϊӣôܣôң
ˣ󹫾س˾һۡ
ҡҲ¡ֻǡ˾ǿֱ
ԣ£˹屾ǴѪ߳ļ塣ô¡
ֻǴС˹ĹҪԱģһʱӦˡ
ȵȣ˹䣿
˾Ȼ󹫾ʱкȻСʱ󹫾Ρ
ȻЩУкܶһʲôˣȴû˵ӦЧһʵ۱£
ѵ״ʮǰ㣿
ΪʲôѾʳˡ
󹫾Ȼóһݾڶ˾ǰ
˾ڷһֻеԽԽ
ȻݾֻǼһЩطķǳ飬ԼһЩ˵ľٶ˾Уȴ˲жϳЩһı
ıģʮǰȥá˾
ڱ֯ıˡеһжָͬһ򡪡ǾΰĻʵ۱£
˾ͷһ亹䣬Ͼڣݻ󹫾ĬƬ̣쳣ƽص״ˣˡ¸ҪǼ帲Ÿġ
˵û󹫾ص˵ͷӦúŵ۹֮˹һĴܹңȴֻʣҡôʧģӦú
˾˵ͷʮǰ˹ؼʧʱҾѾˡ
㻹ΪʲôҪôô󹫾ʵ
ǵģ״ˣˡ˾һ
Ȼ֪˸״ʵ뷨ôˣվһֱ׽͸˼Ҫǿöࡣ
жȻףҾεûʲôҪ˾ֵ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ôֻΪ˼ħʦͻʵ۱µìܣôֻҪȥһΣ˶֪һηˣطҪɱءΪɱ˵øħʦͻʵ۱֮˻壬ĻǸӰм䣬û취ȥôࡣ
ܺã㿼ڳˡ󹫾Ц
֮⣬ҾáȻֻһ棬ȴһرиУɱĻҸооһڡ
󹫾ü˰֣Ͷ˵鲻ҪԼĸоƭˣܶʱⶫǿסġ
ǡ
Ȼ֪ˣβȥһ£һʮ
ǡ
˾Ӧһ׼뿪Ȼһߺ
󹫾ˣˣпã
󹫾˾࿴һۣ֣Ǵ󹫾ϵĹܼңӦúʱһ㲻ͲŶԡ
ʲôˣ˾ʵ
ԳǴ󹫾ľʶ÷塤˹
÷塤˹
󹫾˾Ȼ
Ȼ


202 
ʱ֣Ϊǿҵʱټ˹ٳڴ˿̶ѾûмˣҪ˵
ɯС⣬˳̲һȴһ̲ͣĲ⣬ֻкż΢紵úɳҶɳɳ졣
΢棬ӹһŵɳҶ󴵽ɯСݣײôϷ嶣ȴڴߵİע
һգգƽڴϣƽȣȻѾ˯е˿Ȼƽȴǲӿ
ղ˿һ·ݣڳɹصɯСݺ˿ȫħľֻǺ̵˵˼仰󣬱ֱӻ˯˹ȥ
˿ڻ˯֮ǰ˵Լ޴󰭣ڸỹ
ڴ߿ɫ԰׵˿ԽãԽʹ
Ȼ˿ûˣףӸղŵЩ˷ǳģҪء
˿ֻ۰ˡ
Ϊʲô˻ͻȻɱ֣
ʹû˿ڻǰļԷԼҲ϶µóȻϵйء
ǳĻܻһʱ϶Ӧŵ۹֡
ֻҪһҲû취磬һŵ۹ȻֶΰʵϣӶɴħʦĿġ
һȴֲô¡
ŵ۹֮⣬ʵħʦҲȫɳ
ˣȻøħʦ뱻
ӣħʦŵ۹˫۵ıͲûؼжȨһ
ֻаȨ֣ħʦܱǰĶŵ۹Юơ
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ܵ˵ˣֻҪúõĻ߷ʹħʦᡣ
Ҳ˿˯֮ǰҪ㡣
ǵ˿˯ȥ֮˰죬ȴֻܿЦ
֪˭Ҫɱô
ǸħʦҲãŵ۹Ҳգһܹǵġ
ȣֻǸӰˣ΢ġ
Ҫ˵ֻǸûͨħʦʸԵĸħѧͽǸҶħʦô
˵ڸħʦŵ۹Ȼǰ΢

һȻڻ˯е˿ùһֽд˼仰ѹͷ£Ȼվͷ˿һת뿪
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Ϊ÷塤˹֮⣬Ա߾Ȼˡ
һһŮʮˡǵĴŴ;ӦֻǺͨƽ
˾ؿ˿ˣȻ˹кüʵ˹ʦλǡ
ʦ˾ĳƺ˹ЦЦ벻ôû㵹û
˾΢΢һЦ˹ʦ㲻Ҳûʲôô
˹һЦ˾󹫾˸ħʦָָԴӽźֽŶ֪ĶŵһŮһ£λҵһѧĸĸ׼ȷ˵ĸ
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ǲǾǺǸûϵ·ǿе뷨˹Ц
󹫾ûʲôӦ˾ȴ˵ͷҲס
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Աߵ˾ıȴֻбȴ󹫾ʱϱޱ䣬嶼ܿƵĲ
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˹籨ͷͷϣֳһҶϤء
ǰͷͷʱΪ鷳ͬһΣȴǿһ˶ĿɿڴϢ
ԭͷͷֻصһ
ȴ½һӵǰ
Ľ𲻵ʲôãΪӵȥЩ˹ٳڵĸֽϸıͷֻҪ˶ס
ؼĵطĺ벿֡
ں벿ĿȻüĿ꣬Ÿħͼֽ
Уͼ͵üһĲֵ֮ΪֻƳģûκȡļֵ
һгʮŸħͼֽħʽעһɴ֤ʮŸħͼֽҲǳơ
ʮŸħͼֽ֮һܼ򵥵Ļ
ܹͬ฽ħɱҸƣҾͳԼȡ˸ħƣûУǾ죡


203 ȫʤ
̫ˣ
˿仰ĵһӦ
صȻӱԽԽ󣬵ͬʱҲһʷٷɭѧԺѡУһЩħ츳ȴħʦʸ񿼺˶ûͨѧˡ
ڵȴǶ˹ٳеĸħʦƣ
ڡ˹籨˵λĻôֻЩҲ
һǰһЩ֧ͬĸħʦҲġ
ΪСħʦˮƽ
οھʷٷɭѧԺѧֻʣ죬ʱ˹ٳѾۼ½صĸħǡ
ЩʸĸħʦֵഺٵѪŮô
ڽġ˹籨۳֮ȫ˹ٳڸطĸħʦʼоڡ˹籨ϷųʮŸħͼֽ
ҪĿȻҪЩͼֽ֣
ʱƽ˹ٳڵĸħʦȴ㵵ط֣ôоô顣ƳĸħȻȲųЩħơ
кܶ฽ħʦշ֣簴ĸħĿֻ꣬ȫƣпܴﵽõЧ
ۣħʦȻôıԼ˼·Чȴǲ㡣
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ѾҪ˵Ĺʶʱȴһħʦ顣
ЩħĿȫԼģЩĿ֮ǰȻжۣԾĸħƽȴҲ˵ʲô
Ǻܶ฽ħʦȻѧӣҲóԼĸħڡ˹籨ϿǳָҪս
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𾪹˹ٳڵĸħʦǵȻԸʹ䣬ǱиҲǿĸħʦ˽
һʱ䣬˹ٳڵĸֽƺս
һһ˶Կиħʦս
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ĸħʦóʲôϡŹĸħĿ꣬ȻܹһĸħƣͼֽǸĿĸħʦȫûġ
ʱƽħʦܹĸħĿԽԽ٣ӦҲԽԽɡ
ֱʱĸħʦȻвʣȴҲòϣħʦʸ񿼺˶ûͨͨѧȷӵ˶޷󼰵츳
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Ҹ˵ڸħⷽ츳ܹ͵ų½ʷΪŵĸħʦˡ˹Ტۣ
͸Ტô˹籨ϸʱԳЦЦ
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֮ǰ˹ٳھ֧ˣȴҲ࣬ΪŵȣڱϿϾˮƽͣ˵ȡŵĸħƸ˽ܡ
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˻ͻȻԼǰʱ˹һſڣȴ˵һ𾪵顣
ȻǸĸӣ
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ʱӽһ£ڻȻЩҽܡ
ΪԼֻǸͨƽҵͨӣȴͻȻ֣һʮ֮ãԼĸĸӡ
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һжǿҵĲʵС
ҺһһֱʮַæÿҪӦЩħʦڱֽϿǳĸħ֮⣬ҪӦʷٷɭѧԺѧˡ
Ȼ͸ħйأˮƽӦѾʮɣȴȻҪķ޴ľʱ䣬ûʲôȥ濼Լ⡣
һ¹ȥеĸħʦϿʵ֮󣬱ֽսԽԽ١
ΪĹϵ˹ٳǸֽרſһħصİ棬棬˸ħʦǻཻƽ̨
һ棬ʷٷɭѧԺѧȻΪϸȴҲκս
˵ֳʵʷٷɭѧԺ벻¼ȡܡ
鶼𽥵ҲԽԽʱ⡣
ʱ˾󹫾˾ȻǲûֱҪϣǵУȴе顣
粻һֱЩܵĻͰӽˡ
ȻҲһЩǡ
ϾͻȻðһҲһ鷳顣


204 ħʦķӦ
٣ʲôأһĳ˼
̧ͷ㿴Ů߽Լķ䡣
٣˿ɯа٣ˡЦŴ˸к
˿ɯԲ˵֪Լȵط֣ʷٷɭѧԺŮȴȻԼıãǻһʱӦ
磬ûµĸħôǰһհףգգĴ۾ЩƲֵʵ
ЩΪÿ춼ΪӦЩħʦս˺ܶ฽ħƣǰټÿ춼ƣԼİá
һûյκһսءеıֽЦ
һûУ٣˿ɯҲȻ
ţһû
֡
֣ԼҲ֡
Ȼʱƣħʦȷӵг󼰵ĸħ츳սĸħʦԽԽ١ǲôÿٻôģһûС
Ϊɡ˿һűָָֽһ档
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Ϊڴ󹫾˾ǺǼȻû˵ȴ¶˶ŵ۹Ĳֲʮǿҡ
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̧ͷȴѾƤŵħǰ̧˽ȥ
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ϣմʦһЦҲԡڵˮƽѧҲû취˵ոп̾Ϣһ벻ֻ˹¶ѣھʹôڰһ𱨳ȥ´˶֪㲻֪Ұɡ
ϣմʦĵ٩ֻܸЦ
˹ٺһЦϣգڷ˰ɣ̳һѧͱˡ
ޣԼţʲô¡ϣմʦػزһ䡣
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˼ÿ춼һҲÿ춼ڳܡ


205 
Ҳ֮ͨĻ֪ԭ˹ʦǰ˹ٳǴʱѾһ弶ħʦʷٷɭѧԺ˺üʦ
ʱĸףҲŸħʦˡ˹ոսʷٷɭѧԺʱ򣬾ѧϰ
Ϊˡ˹̫ţʷٷɭѧԺһʱ䣬ȻͳΪ弶ħʦ˹ʦҲûá
ˡ˹ΪҶħʦ֮˹ָʸûˣǺܶʱҪڸħоѰİ
˵ţĸǲŽšĻ¹Ҫͷ۸ôųƺ˰ɣ˹廳
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Ϊ̫ţ񶼿ȥŻӢŰɡһԵϣմʦҲ̾
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ϵЦݶסԼĸףȴҲһΣٳ˿˿⣬˵ͷ㻹֪ô
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˾壬ˡ
ʲô


206 ͻ
½һ߰¶ʮһյʮһڣںܶ˵ֻһͨڣһȴ˼Ƭ½Ӱ켫󡢼Զ顣
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ŵ۹ڵ۹оԺĹ涨ԺֻҪŵ۹ڵĸħʦͨ۹оԺʸ񿼺ˣδ߲ͨýиħо
涨ɵҲóǳŸħʦȥġ
Ȼ涨ҲǸħʦѧԺУѧԺҲ⡣
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ȻȻӰ켫ȫ½Ƕ̲ס˽۷׷ףЩվֻ͸ħʦйء˵Ǻȫ½йصģǵļ顣
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ȻԸ⡣
֮ԻҪʷٷɭѧԺΪʷٷɭѧԺڴ½ϵĳߵλѾѳʲôȨԡ
һ㣬ǡǡΪͷ۵ĵط
֮ǰиħѧϰоĻ½ħѧԺѡ񣬶ΪսңܶѧԺû취Ρ
ʡھۼ˶ĸ߼ħʦڸħо棬ȴΪսĹϵоķ򶼼ڶսķ档
ˮƽȴûʸȥ
ѧϰУĿǰʡġ̫үѧȻû˾ܾ
ݣȥѧϰֶ㣬ֻ÷
ЩʵĵĻҲֻȥ˹ʦϣմʦȺԼʶѧϰо
սܻɣһ˼⣬һ˹ʦҡ
ո߽дҵ
ƺۡ
ˣ˵ֱ˹ʦϣմʦһ˵е죬һʱȴ벻
۵ȴʲôħ⡣
Ѿˣǻô˵Щ
˹ʦϣմʦĬһȻ˹ʦǲ㣬ǲЩһǼǰԱѹᣬѴӲʡƤŵʼһֱĸħʦѱԺ󲻻ٱǡ
Щ촽
˹ʦʶôã⻹һ˹ʦ˵Ҳôء
÷˵û˭֪ǲ塣ϣմʦҲڵӦúǰսڽ״̬װļΪأڸħǼ󡣼һʧȥ˸ħʦ֧֣ǿ϶֧Ųȥŵ۹ȻЩ˵⣬һҲ֡
ǵĹȻеЩΪǲǿ²֪ŵ۹µĸħʦǶǹʲôӡ
˹һʲôӻԼѡġ
Ǹû˹˵տʼʱŵ۹оԺڸħʦĹɢϺǰħʦ࣬սŵ۹Ըħ󣬶ŵ۹ӵеĸħʦֲǵĹԽԽأѾظ£뷨һҲ֡
ת棿
ǵġΪҶħʦŵ۹Ҷ̫࣬һɵؽ
һҶħʦ˭
ҿֹԭɡ˹ЦҵøǿǸŮϲġ
˵ҲûǸԵԳΪɯĹϵҲ˫õӵ㡣
ɯŮһ㶣Ī˾ǵ˹ʦ
ɯȥӵ˹ʦ;Ȼûӵ»ûһֱҶħʦ
ôأҪתͶĻԼ취͵ܳˣõô鷳ô
Ϊǻǡ
ǣϣմʦʵǻʲôǣ
Ϊǲ֪תͶ󹫾µĻ᲻ᱻ׷ǰ飬Ҫһˡ˹ʦ
Ȼ˹ϣմʦЩȻ²аɡ
أźȻƿһ˶ϤȻ𡣡ȥĻӦûǵĳ˰ɣ
תͷЦݵվſڡ


207 
һºһ˳ԭʡŵ۹вʡ紦һСɽ
˹ʦȷǽ죿˹˳ķѩٿո߽ţѩĵ˹ʦʵ
ȷǽ졣лл˹ʦӹݹһȲ裬ȷůһ£һڣΪãǵٲŸױ˷֡
˹ǿ˵ͷ˵˹ʦĽ͡
˿˹ʦЬϵѩʵɳĴ˭
˹ʦЦЦܲʶΪжأҲЩرעĿĸ߼ħʦ
˵ͷʾ⡣
ʶܲϣҲʶɣ˹һԲҪǴҶʶɾͺˡ
Ȼ˹ϵЩϣմʦǶĻʾͬ
ţô˵Ҳ˹ٳǴô꣬ҪҶʶҲ̫˵ȥˡ
İɣұ֤˻ġ˹ʦЦЦûж˵ʲô
Ҫͺá˹һҲĬ
һʱ䡣˶˵ֻֻ汱ХԼѩѹڷϷ֨ѽ졣
һѾů͵Ĳˮŵ˹ʦ۾˼
һǰ֪˹ʦŵ۹¸ħʦҪͶϵϢ˾󹫾ϲ⡣
ǵ֪ȻҪȥ̸֮ȴΪԡ
ô˵˾ֱϵΨһԣòһһʧǿǺĪ
ȴ˵ˡ
ȣǸħʦһĸħʦƾһ㣬Ҿͱκ˶ʡΣΪںܶ˿ݶҪȥĻֻиǵĳ⡣
ʵ˾󹫾ҲףУİȫȴʲôҪɲʮǰʧȥԼΨһŮ֮ʮʧȥԼΨһġòһ
ȻʵĹǡ
ǰȻսʤһʿ
Ǵ󹫾ڻͲסӲĥ᰸ȷкֻܴ´Ӧ
һµ׼̽ԽӴŵ۹ĸħʦںʡһ£һҪ˫ɳʵԽӴȷϵ
ڵ֪ʡɳĴȻʡġ̫үغŵ۹ħʦܿ˴𸴣ھƫƧСɽл档
˳Ļⳡսͻܿ˰ɣŴХķ̲ס롣
ȻѾʮ󡣵̬ȴȻƽ
ΪһƽһҲϲս
Եӳ˹ܸȻ˶
عѩ֨֨Ӧһ˲ڻѩϵ
һˣһ̧ͷſȥ
ѯ䣬Ȼƿţһѩ׵Ӱ˽
ĲߣһĻɫۣΪȫѩǣէһ֮£ֻע⵽ȻҰ׵ٻмѪɫ
ؿ˿ˣ˹ʦû˵ȷϵá
ϣմʦվЩȻά˶࣬ô㣿˵ֺȻŭһǱ飬ֻȫԷ
˵ϲ˿ΣĿɨһȦϡ
λǵŸħʦ˹ɣ
˵һ仰øУԴ֮Ժ󣬼˳ƺʱȰ˾ݷǰ棬Եħʦʵˡ
ǣǣվԷһħʦڣȻʾԷ¡
ά˶ࡤ˹ħʦ
΢΢Ȼ̲ס˵˹ʦһۡȻ˵˲ʲô߼ħʦħʦҲ̫ͼ˰ɣ
Ķͱ飬ЦЦģȻֻһħʦҾԿȫȨǵ
ƾʲô㣿ü
ƾ˺Ȼ뻳
˹ܸһǰ彣Ҳһ˲γֱָά˶ĺ
ά˶ıȴû˿仯Ȼʮ򶨵ڻȴͳһöָ
Ŀ
Ƶؽӹָһ֣ʱһ
öָСȴظоöָıϾȻ̺żḻԪ֮
֮ǰŵά˶뿪ڽöָãȴȻоһɵԪ֮еĽָϴ˳
ɳһ
ûнôöָأô֪ˣ
ڵˮƽһĸħֻҪܹװܸӦװ̺Ԫ֮һܴԪ֮ƶϳװϵĸħ
ȻõöָȴûССĽָϣԪ֮Ȼḻ쳣ӡ
ȻֻһöָԪ֮Ȼԣֻһ̽飬ͷĸħͼ·һʱ侹Ȼû취̽
ظħв²һ£ڵԴԴϵָ롣
öָϵͼȻӣȴʮİǶ̽
רעģ˹ϣմʦһۣͬʱЦ
ιǸά˶ģȵȰɣСһʱǲġ˹ά˶к
⡭ά˶ЩƵؿһΪ̸еģɲоħ
˵öָϵĸħŵ˴ʦɣ֮ôŪö
뿪ڴ˼ȴ˹һק
ҪСûȤͰоħȥˡ
ǡ
ֲ֮鷳˹˸ۡʵ˵ɣֻǸ裬Դ֤˾ĳ⣬飬㻹̸
˹ָָԼָָϣմʦȻָָվŵļħʦˡ
Щˣʵ˾󹫾̸Աȷ˹˵̸ˣά˶໹ú̸
ά˶㲻˹ԼһԸ
Ϊ̸УȻ顣
Ȼμ֮ǰ˫Ѿ̸Ҫ⣬һЩϸϣȴҪϸ̸
Сһʱ˫ִ
ָ̽ϵĸħ˼лѹʱľ˹ʦά˶ģ
ʲôЦǻһĴôҪˣǿһֱڰŵ۹ӦͲˣ˹ŭȡ
ͬĴԸԭŵ۹ʤ֮ǵĴֻǸߣά˶ӲŲӷ
ⲻðɣ˹ЦɱҲ֪ŵ۹õǾѾ˱ˣòǵʱǾкùӳô


208 ̸
ֻʱǡ
ά˶ĵ˹ԾͲ̫ˣϾ̸ľǣŵ۹ڼѾȫ½ĸħʦ֪
ΪڼûиħʦԸȥŵ۹෴вٸħʦԼŵ۹˶ֱ꣬˳
ˣȲҪˡۣ֮ѽָά˶ࡣöָĸħӦŵ˴ʦɵİɣȥҼȻѾˣҼ㣬Ѿʾ㹻ĳ⡣෴ȴֻһˣֻһöָҾãѹûг⡣
ȻǣȻЩô֪öָϵĸħ仰ά˶ȴ˲Щ˹£̸Ǽгģŵ˴ʦ뿪˹ٳǣҸұ֤һ
Ϊʲô뿪˹٣ʵ
Ϊŵ۹ǿܺϣҪ˵뿪˹٣뿪۹оԺҲѣŵ˴ʦصǵҪעԡ
Ҳ˵ʵһֱŵ۹ţ
ά˶ɫѿص˵ͷ
ȻҵҪʡǴЭ飬ƾʲôܹǰ˹ٳǶ뿪ˡص
Ȼά˶ϽʵǶ뿪˹ٳѾһƵ뿪˹ٳ֮Ҫ뿪ŵ۹ҵʡҪǵĽӦ
Ҳ˵ǻҪǵİɫһȻƾʲôô
˵ǰȻ˵ֻҲ̬
ھ˾ڼµԸδ䣬ȴȻܵһЩȾ̬ģ
Ȼ̬ά˶ап࣬ԷһϳɳصˣԺͶԷú̸̸Լ˵ļֵöԷйǣΪԼһȡһЩ档
Ҳʮˣ׼ȷ˵Ǹδˡδ嶯һЩǺ飬ƫƫ嶯δ˻˵ЧģֵĻֻп̸ѡ
̸ѵĺά˶̲ס˸
Ĭһά˶̾Ϣһ֮ǰЩ˵Ľֻ÷
ǽ̸쳣˳ά˶һЩȽҪ⡣ϸڷһŲٶۡ
⽥䰵ѩҲͣЪʱ˫̸ڽ
ά˶࿴һȷû˵ͷ
˹£ͻȥ档Ļҷʮڸ𸴡
ϣǿ϶ġ
ά˶ǿЦЦûлش
һħʦڣת뿪˲ʧ⻹δȫͣЪķѩ֮С
ʧ󹫾ļ̸е˽סά
үڣ̸ֻлûôס
ǰǰ벻үССͣȴѾ˴󽫷緶

ȻЩȥԴ¶ƨǰʮҪϼʮֹ
һֱά˶ȫʧȻֵȴ˴ԼʮӺȻ֡
˹ܸߣү
΢ţѾͣЪķѩֱ£жɡ
ǡ
˹ܸ˵Ķ˹Լϣմʦ˶һ㶣Ȼ˹ܸ£еʮѾһʰҲöʣֻܸŰæ
ֱһ뿪СɽŰСʱѾ߳öͣ
˹òץס˻ᣬѯ⵽ôһʱѩȴͻȻܹһӰ
Ӱ˿ֱͣǰ
ôƺϵ˵ĳ֣ǰʵ
ү뿪Լʮӣһŵ۹֣Χ˴ӡ
ͷжûУ
ܼʮˡ
ʮôЦЦ¼ǺûУ
Ѿúˡ
ܺá˰֣˱תʧѩС
뿪ת򿴵һкĿɿڴ˹Ц˹ʦϣմʦǾҪֿˡһתУֻҪһСʱܽǾӵķΧʱǾͰȫˡ
أ˹ü
һбҪ
ϵЦݣԼΧߵ˾ʿǣ˹˲뵽һܣɫ䡣
ѵյУ
⹫ҵұɡ
ǡ
ûʲôǣ˹ʦ߰ɣʱȣٵˡ
˹ϣմʦȰ˵ȴѾ
ȻҲľٶɣ˹ܸʿӳҲվһߣ㲻ٶ˵
˹һʧԶعͷ˹ܸ˹ܸ񣬷Ըȥ͵
˹ܸһү˿˵ҪﶫʮﴦӦǰĻ
̧֣Ļ
Ҳˣǰûȥ׷˹ʦô죿
ʣµֻʮˣԷȴʮˣһ
ʮ˻ôƳ˹ܸһۡҿɼǵ⹫ǰ˵Щ˾ʿеľӢ
ǵһү
ʲôõĵġʼ硣˹ܸȻ򲻹㣬ɱҿҲܰɣ
˹ܸһϡ
γǰΪ֤ԼԱͼʿＸ似ߵĶ֡
Ȼÿζ˹ܸĶ֣˹ܸҲóϣҪҲ÷һɱǼܡ
õģֲҪȫ߶Էʮˣ΢һ£Ƿǣȥ׷˹ʦǰˡ˵ָ̧֣ϲͬɫĹâ΢΢˸ЦȻȫǵĿܣҲܷŹ


209 
һ׼׵ú󣬱㿴ԶѩϼʮڵѸٱƽ
۴һԭɵ齥
Ȼڴ֮ǰͺȻŵ۹ɳʮ˾׷ɱԼЩ˱ȻʵǿǵЩԶȴԼȻ͹˶Է
ղ˹뿪ûúֿʼƮѩѩѾµüټıХһƬѾӡ
Ȼֻ£Զ׷ʮ˲һֱŸ٣ܱһ͡
ɴ˿Ⱥֻŵ۹оеľ
٣濴ҡЦЦͷյſԱߵ˹ܸԣȥļƻͻϮԭƻˣú͵˾
˹ܸѩЩӲֳһ˿飬ȴûж˵ʲôתͷԼʮ׿һ˸ơ
Ƭ̺˹ܸѾյĻϢ
ص˵ͷ⹫רѡľӢеķӦֳǵѵء
תͷѩЩѾСڵһͼСӡйǵٶȣԼǵٶȵΧȦҪʱ䡣
һ
͵شѩϵ𣬵ϥأֶһ֧ϣڻһѾ
ж˲䡣һʿǰĻ͵ش䡣
ԭڿ籩ѩ˳һĹ켣񱼣ǰƺ޾ѩ֮⣬ֻżδѩȫǵļŴ׳ɡ¶ѩеһ
ת˲֮䣬Ǳǰ͵һԭߵİѩȻһƬ̡
ϲٱѩǡŨ̵ӲݣӲ֮лмʻţԵȻ
·һת֮䣬ǾʹӼĶ˳ʹڡ
ЩȻǾѡľӾӢƽ棬ѾǰͻȻתȴǶһ˲
ΧȻĻѾԼֻȴѾǰ
ơ
壬һ졣
ԭ뱸ʮˡ˲ߡ˸˷
ʣµȻΪֱѾϼ֦ɼһǵ˺ôء
Ȼȴüͷ
ȻһսϿʮֻԻͣ˲߽˶Էӽķ֮һսЩȴһ˲չ¶Ǿ˵ʵ
һ˾裬Ȼ˿Ӱ졣
Ҫ֪˹ܸΪ׵ʿ䱸װʡΪһ֣ЩҲʱע˼ԼƼ׸ħһٶȺ˺϶˴ߡ
ȻӵװڶԷз¡ȴܶԶԷκ˺ɴ˿ɼЩ˵ʵ֮ǿ
ͻ
һֻװ´ͻϮ
˹ܸһӵͬʱڱαװ߲Զսϡ
һϢ֮Ѿ˲ɽ֡
ЩȻѾڱѩſ˽ӽСʱʱһʼжȴûԳ彩ӲģӷԦһǳɣͣ١
ΪֵķΧ㹻Ǹտʼĵص඼ȽԶʮַɢһʼͻϮȴܹڴص㵽ô̶ʱѸټ˹ܸΪףγһССͻ͡
Ȼֻʮ˵ļСӣʱȻƲѷһǧ˶ӡ
̾Ϊֹ
ѹ⹫˳Ϊŵ񣬹⿴Щ˵ˮƽ֪ܵһ
ڲ⹫ʱ˹ܸڳȥ۾һ˿ҵĵһɨڶԷĵһϡ
˲ڽ˼ٸħ
żһ㣬ӱѾͬһ̰ɽ¡
ʱҲһоħֻаѾо档
ͳɫ츳ԼлͷľĽ̵̶ʱ󷨷ͻ˼ߡ
ڵȻ֮ܳΪôǿĸ֣ƾ󷨿ԼԴԴϵսлһʿ
ҲΪˣ˵⹫ִ
ɽµʱ˹ܸѾ嵽˵ǰ˫ϾҪӴ
ڵ˹ܸˣԷղͻȻϮʱң˶ΣȻǶֳ漫ΪϤ
˿ǵעѾ˹ܸȴûע⵽Ƶ͵͵
ﬡ
ǰ˹ܸѾͶԷһֱӽӴ˫ཻһ
˹ܸѾһ߼ʿ벻ԷԼһУȻ˿·硣
ȻԷҲͬ뷨һһ˹ܸ
Ȼ˹ܸȴһΣȻûһֱӴԳ˹ȥ
һ㶣иոһ˿˹ܸı֮⣬ȴǰԭǸ˹ܸѾ˹
üͷһ壬û˿ţᶶڿת˸ȦͻϮ
ϴȻ˹ܸȴҲ˶٣ͬʱҲԷ顣
𾪵ʱһìϢشм˹ֱӴؿڡ
ֻؿһһ̣һѾĲӡ
ͷӳͷ­һ­Ѫ׷һз·𱻴󴸻УӲһΡ
һһǰӵ󣬾һֱڱ߽٣￿ֱӵͻϮһ·׷ɱ
ڴ֮ǰΪƾԼһ˵ʵɱһ޸֮ӵܸ⡣
ȴҲǷ
Ȼû뵽ǸϵСɽʱȴһѾǰ뿪ݺۼ׷֮󣬾Ȼ
벻ģǾȻǿһӴȻֱնɱʵЩ˵һĶӳ
ΪлңԭͶʱ˼еķ϶
˹ܸڳΪ˾ʿӳ֮ǰ˾󹫾뱱ս꣬ս鼫ḻῴЩ
һӣбб͵ǰǡΪղΪһط
˹ܸǵѹ׷ԭȴҲƵƵͱڳķѹ
һȻǰǿס˹ܸ˵ͻϮȴɱر÷ر
ˡ
͸ղɽʱƮݲͬһȴȫûԼٵ뷨˫żԼȫƯ󷨵£ӷ·һڵֱͦͦس
ʱڵģղ


210 ²
˳о죬ȻͷȴһӰƺһ㣬Юķѩϯ
ȡ
ſںһ֣Ѿǰһȭ
ΧļӦȻͻ䣬ȴ˲ǡķӦ
û˺ˣԱߵļָ֣ϸҪͼʹ֡
Ҫѷɫö࣬Ȼڻҵú޷ӦȴûнзǾеһƣǰ
ţֻҪܹסһ£͵ϮһȻ˲䱻Χ⼸Ʒ
ķӦסһЦһȫȴûаֱ仯
ۡ
Χı壬ȻǾ㵵ط֣ǵֻڲһָҲû취롣
ͬʱѾһȭжơ
Ƴɣ弶ħʦɵļ̸ħӳɵĶƣȻһȭֱ֮ѣ
һȭƶƣֱֻһͣ٣ٶǰ죬һȭؿڡ
һȭȻѾȥþԶôױȴоؿڵȭͷϣľϮоؿڷ·ʲôǿŤһ
ֻúһһѪȻǰһڣȻô˹ȥ
ȭɿסĲӣ°ϡ
ǡڴʱ⼸ѾӦٶȹͼˡ
ȴٺһЦȫ㣬һǹӭЩ
һΣЩоԼ·ֱײһʯͷƤûдơ
ھɲʱȴѾ߸Ծ
Űϵķ֮ԼǼ̺ӳƯ󷨵ǱͶʯȥһ㣬˲ӹ⼸ʮ˵ͷսԶ

δءѾڿиߺ
ֺѾʼ£ε˹ܸʱܵµĵطðԼŵס
úÿ˹ܸϣһƥϣһͷŶ񱼶ȥ
׷ʮˡڵһʧߡˣ˹ܸ˵Ķսʧټϱ°һˣֻʣ²ʮˣƺҪܣô뿪Хһϡ
ǸܳʮףѩϺȻƾðٸ
ȻЩ󣬾ֱӻҲκ˺ȴʹͣ
ʱȴѾʧԶããķѩ֮С
һСʱ˹ܸһͣ
ѾһСʱЩҪ׷Ҳһʱ׷ģ˹ܸһǾһҵսһСʱʵ۵ùǺٲϢĻֶֻӵĻҪ֧Ųס
үΪʲôҪһ˹ܸźǺűץһֱԲѵʿǰ
һȦңָԼʱʮͬ˹ܸҲѾֻʣ˶ʮˣһ
ղǼҪץסһЩĻһɥ
˹ܸ⹫Ҳ͹ε񡣡ʵ
ţ峤˵һΣֻǸնһ£˹ܸĿӹϵļ˿ڣʵҲүն̫Σˡ
㿴ںΣôЦſ˫ۣʾԼ⡣ȻҲնĻŵ۹δػϹ
˹ܸ룬ֻܵͷϡ
ȷݶԣû˱ʺ
үûңΪʲôҪðץסһ
һǿնĻôһȻδغһζȴҲ̫ࡣһһֱڵϣƺڻеʿϣٺЦ˵ǲأԼǡѶϵ˹о£
ŵ۾гη֮⣬ľǳޡ
ӽʱڵķͻ䣬ǳӦ֮⣬ܽܵĿ¾ԼǡѶϵ˹
ǰֻһޱеħ츳ͨѧˣԼֻΪƵͼڰǰڼء
ԼôҲû뵽ıԶô򵥡
ڼеһûɱ󣬾Ȼô˹Ĵ£Ϊ׵ΰһʱ˼䱻ľ档
ϵı˸ħʦŵ۹ĳֻ׶ܵͷ
ԼǸû뵽Ȼҡһ䣬Ϊ˾󹫾ҪݵλĻҪ˵ԼԶԶᲢۣ¾׷Ѷϵ˹ҪͿ
һճչȥԼԺҪ˵ѵ¸ӵĵһ
Ȼ¹Ȼϣ˭Ҳû뵽˾徹ȻȻˡ
ԼڳԾͬʱָеһ˿ϲ
ΪһҲų˷ôֻҪ˾屻ŵ۹ܣȻӲˡ
ʵһԼʧˡ
ȥŵ۹ûԤϵ˾׾ٵشݻٵΪʡͬʱѣϵ۹طĴʹõ۹ӷԽԽù
ŵ۹ʡĽ磬Ϊǰ߾Ӳϰ˵ԭھȻѾ𽥱ƽ˹ٳǣдѾʵ۱½ǨȻ󳼵ʵ۱´
ʱһȥǰߵս¶ŵ۹ԽԽԼǵҲһһ㡣
˾Ĺ˹ٳǣһŹԼ
ͬҲһһˡ
ǵһǰװж󣬱ҪԼҲҪУͬ⡣
ģɱġ
ڣȴĽ
أ㲻Ҫ⣬²֪׷ɱˣԶԶֹʮˡϵı飬ԼǺݺݵص
Ŷֳһ˿顣Ҳô֪ƾʮǺɱҵġ
ߣ㾡Цɣҿ㻹ܲЦóԼһ뵽ǰ͸¶ļƻЦ
һμƻɹˣȻɥʡľҲ޴ʧ
һ˳ĻʡΪһʧԪˣⳡս
ʱԼŵĻͽⳡսĹ
ЦЦóʱ֪֪ѾЦˡЦЦһԼǵĲϡ
Լ߶ûһ˲ֻ˹ȥ
˹ܸؿһۣ˻Եķʮǰʱʱ̵ģ벻ھѾյˡ
˹ܸ׼һ£ʮӺ
˹ܸ˵ͷʣµĶʮ
ʮӺԶ𽥱ƽĺڵ㣬˻֣һٴαķѩ֮С


211 ۹
󣬵һںʹ󹫾ĽӦͷʱͬڵĶʮȻһû٣ȴƣԸӣӦ˳ֺȣֱˤ
ʵǿ˹ܸҲƣ֮ɫȻܼ֣ţԼڵ״ֻ»һļʿĶ֡
ĿУѾǸճʱĹľ֮⡣
ЩǹȻ۵ùǺÿǵжһµģҳڼƻҪʱҪݵκжϣ˻ѡֱӺ׷ж̱Ӵÿһζʿ䣬ûаֹүӦеСġ
ЩʵЩǻҪЩ
Ȼһ·յеĹ𵽵ûͨǻҪǿ󡪡ħʦãɾڰ޲װϵĸħ
үںЪϢɣͽˡǰӦ˼Щǵɫ֪Щ˲ٿͷ
Ҫ˵ЩܹԿ࣬һҲȣΪЩ˱ǼʿеľӢû뵽Ϊ󹫾үȻҲôԿࡣ
ȲæںЩ˵һҪһ¡
үС¾ɡ˹ܸæǸϽȥϢˡ
ɲС¡˰֣ؾܾ˹ܸ˵ĺ⡣׷ȻˣҪǺβҲԵɻҪСһЩ
һԱһЮŵԼһ
βͣѵһ֪ˣܣô֪
Լоɲʱתͷһۣ뿴ԼǵһЦѶϵ˹¡ǰ˵Ļôն㣬ͬҲǡһΪʮ˾ʹѩôȦҪģʵǸЩ֮͡ϵЦݣͷ·𿴵һ㡣ȻҶԼջ㹻ģȻԼҵȻ̫Ȼ̫ԲѶϵ˹ĺ⣿
³Ѷϵ˹⼸֣Լ˫һ̱ѩϡ
֪Ѷϵ˹ɲָǰŵ۹ΰ𳤡ŵ۹󳼷Ѷϵ˹Ҳĸס
Ȼ˵׵֣Ҳʹ׵ļƻֻѾ군ˡ
뵽ƻʧܺĺԼֻǰһҲûаܹվ
½һ߰һһʮաոտʼµȴһȫ½Ϊ֮ĿĴ¡
ԭŸħʦӿ˹ѧԺʷٷɭѧԺѡУ˾峤ΨһŸħʦˡ˹Լ˾Ķ˹ʡŵ۹вʡ總СǶػ˸ѩɽеĳСɽŵ۹ħʦ¡ά˶ܽӴǩһЭ飬ʷơػЭԼ
ŵ۹ħʦǩЭͬʱ֪˫жŵ۹ɳʮŵ۹еľӢʿǱ˾ڣͼͻϮ˹һУɱ˹˾ĿǰΨһļ̳ˡ
Ϊжŵ۹߽ϵľӸǷ𹥣ɱУɳһ˵ﲿӸʮ֮ͼӦһ˵˾ɱ
˭֪˴жȴѱ˾֪ʮﲻûͻϮɹʧʮˣҾ֮˵۹󳼷Ѷϵ˹Ķӡ
ʣʮԶһǣűڴѩɽתѾȺʱ˾
ۣͻϮʮﾡһǧˣʣǧ˴Ͷֻвһ˵ѡ
˾棬ʧԼһǧͨʿ
ȻⲢ˾˴жȫ
ԼǡѶϵ˹л֪ŵ۹˴ж鱨˾棬ŵ۹ɳһǰ߿ʱ򣬾Ȼѡǧɿ˾ʣֱͻ֮ķߣɱŵ۹вʡµתսŵ۹֮⣬һջ˾˹ٳǽһٹ֣ʹŵ۹ǰ߾ӵĲ˾
ҲΪһεжԭǰ߻ڽ״̬˫˲䷢˾޴ı䡣
˴жСŵ۹治ֱʧһʿʹ÷Ѷϵ˹Ķݵ֣ʵ۱֪º󣬱ŭ֮£Ȱ裬ֱӴ˷Ѷϵ˹
ԭŵ۹ҲȨһʱķѶϵ˹壬ʹɢ
Ȼⳡսʱһ°ת۵ѡΪ˴˴жھⳡսʤĹؼȴѡһ㡣Ǿ˾ǩġػЭԼ
Эݣŵ۹ĸħʦǣȫŵ۹Ӫ
ǡȴҪתͷ˾Ӫ
оЭʱ򣬶ЭǿһƾΪһ㱻ǿִУյ˸ħʦڽһǧڶסԼĶԡ
ȻЭݣħʦǽ󽫻ᰴչȷϵħʦҲܹǰһԸħʦɼӰͿϿħʦҲûǰĳѵλӳԶȴʹøħʦҲϵ½ȥ
Ȼ֮սżбħʦһҪΪȴҲûзͬ˴ŵ۹ǿħʦħʦӵ˸ѡء
ЭϹڸħʦӦӦܵȨ涼ȷĽ綨ͻ֣Щ׼ҲճΪ½Ĺʶ
Ȼŵ۹˾֮սܶʷѧҶʣЭĴɣԼЭ鱾ݣ˶һʶǾ˹𵽵ľ޴á
粻˹⣬˾ҺݡҲŸħʦ֮ӣҲŸħʦݣֻЭɡ
ȻڵʱЭԶӰ죬ˣԼ󲻵ֱܿӵĽŵ۹ĸħʦǽ֧ŵ۹
ʧȥ˸ħʦǵ֧֣ŵ۹ӵսȻһǧɣԭȻս޷ʤȴҲĶôѿ֮ȴÿκ˾ľӴһǧ
ɴһ˾ŵ۹֮˰֮ãпٽõսȴڽ̶ڱ
粻Ǹħʦǵĵŵ۹ľսʧ˾Ҫ˵ܹô̵ʱڻʤµŵ۹ƾ豾ĵԼʡҪḻöԴյʤ˵
˵ⳡսʤĹؼȻ䵽ϡ
½һ߰һգĻ俪½ʱ˾ڹ˹ٳǡ
Ϊ˾ΧǼܣŵ۹ʿװ϶ѾԶԶ˾ӣΧǲ±ѳƣŵ۹Իʵ۱Ϊܡ
һں󣬵˾Ѿȫס˹ٳԼܱ˾ǰŵ۹˾󹫾ŵ۹ˡʵ۱¡
һνȫ½Ϊ֮𾪡
ŵ۹ԴӽѾͳƬ½İʱ䣬İʷУȻŵ۹ڲ˶ңŵ۹ȴһֱȫ½˵ĿУŵ۹ʵ۱¾ʹ͸߸ϡ
ô͸߸ϵĻʵ۱£ڡȴ
Ȼô룬˾峤Ѿ´ŵ۹˵ԴҲͲڡ
ͳƬ½İŵ۹һ壬Ȼʹʧ˾峤֮¡


212 ̳
½һ߰һʮգǰĴš
ԭŵ۹˾˾ͳ͸¶ϵڴ
ƿ˽ȥ
ףô뵽ң˾Ȼ˾ЦЦĵļ˳˸ָָԱߵӣʾ¡
мҾ˾һ¡ЦЦڿ˾¡
Ŀӹ˾ǰǼѺļͷ
ȻѾ빥˹ٳѾһ£˾ŵ۹֮սҲŵ۹ĸҪʹŵ۹һͳƬ½İٶĴ۹ȫȴǽɵ
һڣԭŵ۹ĸط׷һЩŵ۹ֻһӣ֮׷ױʾ˾Ʋһʱط̲ϣ¿˾æӦ
ȻЩһﲢܹʲôвȴĹһֱܼ١
һÿ˾ҪæҹϢ
а˼ʿʵ֧ŵĻֻۿˡ
Ŷʲô飿˾ȤɨһۣȻϲһ꣬Ӵʱ̣϶ԸѾʮ˽⣬رҪ飬ǿ϶ֱԼġѵΪ˿飿İɡ˿ĸ׼ɭ£һڴӦˡ
һ졣
ûе֪Լ֮ǰ֪˿⡣ȴҲҽܣ¶еĹ˼ɷº֣ԼѾ˿򶯣ʵֺγ˿⣿
־ӽһĽӴ˵ĸѸ£Ѿ̸ۼ޵ĵز
ݣڵȻ˿ڿ˾˾δĹ׿˿ĸôܾܾ
лл˾ˡɫεЦЦ漴ɫصȴΪ¡
Ŷʲô飿
˹ʦҽ顣ȻսѾôڸħʦѧԺҲӦץˡȻݡػЭ顷ϵԼڵĸħʦѧԺҪٷˣҪල°æ˾ÿҪô飬룬ϣ˾ͬԼ´һѧԺ
Լ˾üͷ
ȻҲ˵ˣΪ˲ƻЭ飬ƾΪĴȫ̲봴ѧԺĹ̡
ô˾ϵ£ûҵĹϵ

Ȼ㻹룿
ΪұϾҲһħʦ˾ˣ˼˹ʦҲҡһᾡȷѧԺΪһͨĸħʦѧԺ뵽κζȥ
˹һŵùô˾һȻ¶˾һӣðɣ͵Ǹһζ˾ڵΨһ̳ˣҪ㣬һҲǲеġ
Щɵ۵Լľ˾ˣôҲ벻ͻȻѻתⷽˡ
ڼ̳һ㣬ʵҲһֱܿյġ
ԼԸ񣬱̳ˣ̳ˣϲͨͨĸħʦûѹԽԼԸħϲȫǱȤȻԸⶪ
һʵȴĵȷȷ˾һΨһԣ粻Ļ⹫;˾عĻôԸ⣬ȴҲֻܼ̳ܽ˵ݡ
һܶ˻ϲ񣬵;ÿ¡
Ӧ˾ͺáЦվȻҾͲˡ
ۿҪ߳ţ˾ֽס
ˣȻǰ츽ħʦѧԺѰҲϰɣһȤġ
á˵ͷʾӦ룬ͷ˾˾ˡͲŬô
ŬŬʲô˾Ī
ŬӰҷǳϣԼٶһܵģġǳص
˾΢΢Ȼ漴ǺǺЦصһۣЦСӣŬͿԵô
֪˾˵ûҲֻܳ̾һҡҡͷ뿪
ڳµĸħʦѧԺ˾ֽĸħʦһܽĻǷԵ˾Ӷࡣ
ڷԵЩ֮УΪǿҵģԭʷٷɭѧԺˡ
ǷԵɺܼ򵥣Ȼڴ֮ǰһʷٷɭѧԺѾ˶꣬ѾΪȫ½ΪȨĸħʦѧԺΪʲôҪٻô´һ
е뷨Ҳ⡣
ǰʷٷɭѧԺ½ҲǿĸħʦѧԺЩʷٷɭѧԺȻɣ´һѧԺһ˾崴죬ʷٷɭѧԺô죿
ܿϧȻǵĹǺ鶼⣬ʵȴǣµĸħʦѧԺĽȼ죬ѡ˾˹ٳǺʡ׸ٶ๫һСǣͬʱҲǼ߼СǶػ˺󣬽ֻ˲ʱ䣬ѧԺĽѾ޽ȫ
Ϊ˾Ŀǰ½ϵǿƣԼԺĸħʦݣټ˾ڵġػЭԼԼЭԼϸжԸħʦ´Ķػ˸ħʦѧԺѧԺ֮ǰѾļ㹻֡
ѧȻʷٷɭѧԺѾʧˣǰʷٷɭѧԺеѧǵȻҪѡ·ӵʮҶħʦΪԼʦĶػѧԺȻǵѡ
ǽ󣬵˾ڵƽȶػѧԺҲȡǰʷٷɭѧԺΪ˴½һħʦѧԺ
½һ߰˶һʮգά˶ǩػЭԼһͨӣȴΪһ˵Ļòͨ
ĳﱸ˾ҵΨһԣпܳΪ˾δ˹뿨˹ǳŮ˿ɭĻھٰ졣
ΪĿǰ½һĿǰΨһļ̳ˣĻ񲻿νݻ
׿ĸͨƽۻգ۲ѵĸװͷ̸ǲμӻĸﶼⳡΪܳһʱǲ෹̸ʡ
ⳡǰصĸҵ֮⣬עĿľǾȻһԾĿǰȫ½ʣʮҶħʦеʮ
ΨһһλûԵҶħʦҲԼĺ񣬲ǸԼף
ڳ˶Ϊ֮𾪡
Ҷħʦȫ½ζʲôһ˶֪
ڴ֮ǰŵ۹Ļʵ۱ڻ̫ӵʱٰĴ飬ҲûôҶħʦףع
Ȼһ֮ԳζΪĸħʦݣ֪ܶȴ֪дҶħʦȴǿףҲǱΪʷΪŵĸħʦˡ˹ġ
ȻҲг˵ӣŵ˹˹ʦ


213 
˿ϲǡ˹紦Ӱ˫һʺѾƣ˾
лл΢΢һЦһھƣҿЩɻʵɯأôû
˹ҡҡͷɯ˵岻Զţףˡ
岻Ȼɯ岻һ򶼺ܰôôͻȻ
˹Ƴһʢװ·һʢʻ㽿޶˵˿̾Ϣ
ɯΪʲô岻ΪСӡ
ʲôëͺˡ˵ԼӺԺԼǵġ
ŶǾͺáʱⱭϲɲܡЦ
˹Ĭһںƣ˹ù⣬ຮ
˵Ҫѽ帽ħоĽڶػѧԺ帽ħγ̣֪˹ϣմʹǵ飬Լ뷨˵ػѧԺʱ˹뵽ĴţΣֱʵ
Ӧ˵аɡһ£ʵ帽ħû⡣Ϊ׮ҰħʦҲڻ׮ҰҲֻǸΪ帽ħ޹أǸħʦĳҲǺõģ˹ʦϣմʦ˼ʱҾͱʾͬ⡣
˹˵ͷȷ˵帽ħûд׮ҰҲ˭Ը⿴ģ帽ħоĻ˵ܹͨ帽ħɹĸԣնȫ½˶档
Ȼ˵ѾӦˣôֽĵλ¿˵Ѿˡ
ˣ˹ҼǵڶʮǰѾʼо帽ħ˰ɣڳɹΣ˹תͷ˹ʵμȻϣĽ飬ɲҪİԼĳɹó
Ȼô£ñȥǻ˷Եġ˹ٺһЦģҵоȻ˵ȫɹҲóһֳɹЩһˡ
ôǾͺá
Ȼˣ»ҪСӰæȻƾҵĻֻµû취ɹˡ
˹һЦͬص˵ͷ˾Ȼ˵жʵȨĻǼзģõȫֵ֧ĻȻöˡ
ŵ˹˵Ŀɲְæ·𿴳˹е뷨˹ֵϵģҲָоæ
оϣ˹⡣帽ħ棬˹мʮоɹ
˹ĸħˮƽôǱо˵½϶帽ħоΪ͸ĸħʦҲû⡣
츳ɫƾʲôܹⷽ
Ϊϡ
˹˵һ롣ٺȻ˹
ɫĳĿܶһҡһڣ·һɫĳа
Ϣٳ嵽ǰ˷ܵش
ʲôϢ
Ҹոȥĸ״ˣ֪֪ҷʲôô
ʲôô˷ܣ˿࿴ͬʱ¶ɻ
Ҹոȥʱ򣬷ҽոմ뿪һΪĸ״˵ʲô⣬Ǿҽ׷ʣ֪ҽô˵ôٷ·𶼿˷ܵ״ˡ
ô˵ģ˵㲻Ҫ˰ɡ˵˿һԲͷشߴٵ
ҽ˵ĸ״ˣѾˣ˵󣬰˷ܵ˻ˣҺܿҪһܻܵˣ̫ˣ
ͬڰٵ˷ܣΧٴ˵Ϣȴ뿴
ܻܵãûãǵܵܵĻô½ϵĹܾܵͽΪ˾ļ̳ˡ
һһֱ˾δ̳˵ָô죿
ԼϢֻʲôķӦ
ķӦúܶ˶ʧ
˾˵ĻУֵúһ֪Լݻеͨһǳˣڹϻ˽ﶼƷǳϣһк
Ϊʲô
ΪѾһˣٶһܸáԴ󲿷ʱĽ͡
ΪǱܵĻҾͲñȥʲôԼʶʶԼʱĽ͡
ͣǰһȻţһȴ󲿷ֶˡ
Դ˾ʽҲ֪ٴ˽±Թ뵱Ҳʺϵ˾һֻһԣһбֲĻ뵱С
ͻȻʣȷǷĵԼľĸһһк
ǹ˸º˾˳һк
к˵Ȱ裬ǿӲشȥԼеְֻ˶ػѧԺԺΨһݡ
ľٶ˱ˣδĹ
ȻһֱȻԾ˹ϣܶΪ˾δ̳˵˲ʧˣ֮⣬ûκ֪Щʲô
ϵҶӴ޵У̱ƣտή䣬еޡ
ϵÿ궬ӱϣ˶ִ򱱣һǨ㡣
ϵ·ɱתٴӺ䱡
ֻ²ͣǰУʮȥ
½һ߾Ŷ¶ʮգһѾβļ
·ΪӦȣѾΪ˾ǵ˹ٳǺȻ
ε֣ΪٽÿһȵĶػѧԺ֮⣬ģΪ˾֮ӣϡ˾ա
ղͬΪϡ˾ʮգԵø¡ء
һε֮¡صһԭΪ˾ȥϡ˾ʮյʱ򣬾Ѿʽϡ˾ʮʱʽΪ
仰˵֮ϡ˾ͳΪʽĹ̳ˡ
Ȼ˵Ԥ֮УΪϡ˾ûκοˡ
ȻҲвʧٽʮ˹ˣ᲻ϡ˾в
Ȼǲܵġ
Ϊϡ˾ǿ˾µӣͳԶԣ˹ǿöࡣ
ʮǰѾ˾ģۿƿؼȨʱѡ˼ˣʮʧ˵УϢ
ʱ򣬾ͻȻ˳ҪλҲĸ˷ȥѡ֧
Ŷʵ֧ġ
ˣǡǡϡ˾ˡ


214 帽ħƹ
˾԰
磬Ұɣϡ˾һ˫ӵεɫͫ׵Ĵ۾ǳϿҵ˹ٹһҪҳΪˣҪǵʽǿɾûٱˡ磬㣬ͰңøôôߡȥøѡΪ϶ҸɵƯˡ
ϡ˾ȼ̳˸信ʵҲ̳ĸʣȻʮ꣬ȴѾ˾꣬һ֮£ν
Ȼȴ޶ԣЦŰڰֵˡʮǰǷ˺ô󾢲˵⹫;˾˷ңôͶ
ϡ˾ƲƲ죬֪Ȼʮֺƺܺ˵ӣʵԸʮִţѸı䡣
룬תߵ˿˿㣬ȰȰɣЩ춼췳ˡ
˿ϵЦһһֻСһ㡣
ô˵ǰúܸˣ
ǰϡ˾ʱǰҲû˵ĶȥҶ𣬸һʦѧѧǸûͲˡ˵ֻÿθѧħ˼
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