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ף֮ͳ컯޼ִˡ
ߣ֮ߣͳļ£Ұ
һص׻ԻΪͳ˧
׶죬Цһڤʾںη

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20121223ա
ྭĩ2012漣һĶȹʧأȫ򶼾˴ģƻԭʮڵ˿ڣ˿Ȼڣʮڵ࣬Ѿĩյֺ֮С
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䣡
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ĩǸѵӣѾȹꡣ
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һźɫְҵװŮӣʩ죬֫ϸǿˣһͣ˵׶ϡ
׶ժԼĺɫ۾һģ̫Ѩ۵ɣһٳԡ
ŮЩʹؿ׶һ˿뿪칫ҡ
ʱ䣬ؽʱ齨˶ʮУΪĹʱĳУ׶ƾԼĳɫĲܣΪһег
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Уʱʱ̳̿׶Ժ֮Уʼ޷ǣʹٳɫŮӣ׶ҲƬ̣Զֻӵһ˶ѡֻǣôҲ޷ҵ
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׶һΧĵԪĵԪ׶ȥ
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׶ȻһҰı飬ն˿ûΪǰԼĸ׶ʲô
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װһ˿ᣬĽ񲨱ԼĻˣΣǰһʥߣΣ
Բ㣬㲻õװԵĺӰ
ˣ׶ԶӵΪԼӵǰ;ǡ
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ŶŶſյӣСʶĵͷȻһүȻ˵ˣ˵
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С໹Щģүںˣǲ֪үܲͨ츳ҿ˵ûһʵͨˣʹ츳ٺãͨ˲ԣҲλݣү

䳡
׶䳡ΪȨ͵λȻ츳ͨȨͨôᱻջء
׶丸װԴ˿䳡֮УԶһɫװ񲨣ĵǽ͵ǣĿԶĸȭͷ߬૵һԵġ
ΪҪ˵˵顣װһ࣬ԭƽʱƤЦѾͳͳȡ˼ھӪ֮ʱӣ󣬺ȻӣݲߵĳɼжλΪ˲š
׶ޱ飬װԻȻû⣬һ˵Ĳԣǵʱ򣬶㣬Ҫʱ򣬾һ֮󡣡
װ˵ҲǴǿҵķߺޣΣԣǰֻ̣Լ׵ģǰϲĻ׶ΪȻܺͱͬװԾǷŭޱȣȴȻΪʥߣʲô취
׶Ȼޱ飬װЩ顣
½ʽһ֣ħ似ԳΪħʦսʿ;ͬ飬ѡһװԿʼĽ͡
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װԸ֮£ͷ׶˵ʲôװԵͬһ˵ۣȫӦ
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׶ͷƽϥ˫һ࣬ʼһ׹Ӳӵ鼮ʶ֮У֮ϣȻ׹ӲӵĴ֣׻ʾɿ٣׻ʣ֮֮ͳף֮֮࣬塭
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׶֪ı仯ȫȫͶ磬ͬǰһ㣬ڹ֮У޷԰Σֻǣǳ֮С

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ĸ֮ɽϸ΢֮飬ȴһ˿

 

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׸һֽŵȻۣһЩ׼ҵҲǴӸϤϻƵƵ׼ҵĸۡ׼һĦȭƣԼļǳӣЩڴ
һѡ˲ŵϺƽ̨ʵ츳չֳ֮󣬾ͻõǰϿɣһˣƽƣΪĵϵδǰ;ʥ롣
ģƵıûޱȣ
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εֻһ˶ںҹĽ֪ν
ʱҴң츳ֻһա
츳ǰһգҪ츳Ĳԣ鿴츳Ӷݸ˲ͬ츳ÿλĵһ֣
츳֮󣬾ǰ֮أͨ飬ȡ֡εĻܺͣΪյķҲεı׼
գ츳Եӡ
׸Ժ׸ıԵ֮Ҳ츳Եĵط
׸ռޱȣʮ֮һʳǴСռصСڻʹĴСѣʹˣҲûΪ˿Ĳףʹ۳ĻҼҡ
׸ΪΣԺԺͺġԺƽʱһЩ֮ҲһЩ֧סĵط׸Χʵ
Ժ׸ϵӵľס֮һЩϺִҲ׼ʵۼ֮أνǸƣС
׸ĺ֮峤ľסأһЩ֮׸֮жǽصĴڣƽʱκǰʹǳϣߵϵӣûټҴҲҪȥΪ³
ʲôǴ½δ֮֮һ
Ժ
˿̣֮ͥԺ֮Ѿɽ˺һ׼ҵӷ̾ӣĵȺȻǼıƽҲ޷вͣĿȡ
ˣ쿴ү˵Ѿһ۷ʵˣһλϵħʦε֮ʵǰаһ׼ҵӣСۣ֮вɱĲȵĽ֮顣
үζȡ֮λѡʵڣҪѾмλѾ֧үˡԱߵĵӸĽϧǲ죬ûʵ
̸֮죬ѾȫģĿ֮أǶ֮
죬һɫ׼ҵӷ̣ݵλǸ߹׼ҵϵӣ츳߾һһ츳֮յװҲ˿ǳΪ׼ҵԵҫ飬֮Ĭ׶Ӿ쵼ܣСС;ǹâţһЩϡеĳǳԷǳ֧ѡ
һɫͷںš֮¶Ŀȴ׼ҵӵʱ
Ҿүʺѡʵ֮Ҳ˿֮̾УһЩȺ֣Ȼе궼ͬΪп˵ġ
׼ңҴҵڶ࣬ÿһܳ츳ӣ֪٣ҫĲֻǼ˶ѡ
Ҳ׼һ츳ܳӣʵǲܣź磬Ҳǵõ೤Ϻͳ֧֣Ϊѡ
ԣ׺ү
ϻһһܳ츳ӣϤıڶѰһʱ۲ϡЩ۵ǰᣬֻһ׶޷ͨ츳Ϊ׼ʷϵһλʸˡ
ˢ
Ȼԭֵĳһѻȸһȫſ֮һݵӰһɫķװ¼ŶĮվƽͬһλɣ̬Թˡ
֮ˣĺ̬֮
ˣ׶׶
˴μ֮УСˣҲ˶õġЩӣ϶ڰ굽ʮ֮䣬꿪ʼеֻһ꣬е꣬ʵȻ񡣶׶ֻǶ̶̵һʱ䣬ܴﵽʲôز
û˿ã˵УѾ˵ʱ䣬Ѿʱ̡
׶꾪ϳ׶ԵЩ𾴣Ͼ׶
ߣһͲˣԺ󻹲۸

һʱ䣬ٴλָ֣˲мĿ׶мʣзߺޣϧһ㣬̬
һʹ츳ΣûгɳһǴעӵĽ㡣
׶ޱ飬п磬ȴǷŹֻû˷ֶѡ׶˿ѡһ˵Ľ֮˹ȥֻǣոһӰ׶ǰһƬס׶ߡ
׶ٺ٣һô䵱׸װʥߵǣ˰Ƶĵס׶ǵһмļЦ
ˣ
ĸĻص׶Ķԡ

 츳

ĸص׶Ķԣף׶ҫâӣ˿ȻųĹâ
Ҹĸ
׶֮ޣͬǧصĻɽڴ˿̺Ȼϯ
һԵ죬ٺЦţ޼ɵ޷죬ûע⵽׶ûͬһļô

ŭ֮µ׶Ϻչ֣ͬһɢһͬԶҰްɷ֮£ҽ˳Ƶķɳϵ֣ž֮쳹ϣڶûע֮ʱһѾ׼ȷؿ֮ϡ
죬û뵽׶֣Ҳû뵽ҿзƽʱɵɵˣз֮£һűߵĽʵʵ
飡
һƵƺһ岻ĵɶأͬʱڿſ³һѪ
飡
쵹أؿڣһ״Ķԣʹղſ󷽵ĺŽȻͬھһؤ

СԺ֮Уһȵľֹٵĺ֮˿ֻеڵ𣬸ˣղŵģϵѪȻڣ׶ȷ졣
𾪣
𾪣
˶û뵽ƽʱͬһ׶еķȻ˵ʵȻһʸ߾һ졣
˵ϡ
꣬Ѿʱ䣬ѾһĻϵħʦʱڶ㣬һĻϵħǳ⣬֮еš
׶һ꣬ԲеķֵһĴڡ
ֻǣ˿̣⼸ٹ̵뷨Ѿ׶һߵĵȻ޴档
㣬׶͵Ϯ㣬ħʦ㣬⣬ɽȴ޷ı䣬׶ɱʵ
׶ޱ飬зŭĻȻܵȼգҪһϨ֮У׹ⲻʱǸ΢΢鴤׶ѹԼķŭѹĻɽ
׸ʹ׶Ҳɱӣο˻ǵϵӡ׶òΪԼĸ롣
һΣҪҸĸۣɱ׶߹ԣ΢ͣƬ̣ɱڵ˵
Ž֮ȥ
ۣ
죬ʹͣĻǷŭŭ׶ɱڵľ棬һıҲ޷ܣһѪֱ³˫һ˹ȥ
ү
һЩ콻õ꣬һ̲ŷӦҲ˲þȺͷߺޣֱӹ졣һ˴ҴҵĻ̌ߣ֮ʱһȻǷߺޡԹ޵ĶŽ֮е׶ֻǣ׶Ŀ˿ûᡣ
һʱޱȣһڿڡ׶Χ·һƬΣյĽû˸ҿ׶ƺĿ׶һֻҰޣȫ
Ƭ̣츳Եĳڵ
Щɻ󲻽ȫÿһεĲԣЩضǳ֣ԼͷޱȣÿһζҪúõѵһôôô
ɨܣȻķֵһѪȾĵ棬ͫɨˣĿͬһ㣬
һ׸ԺӣǰĶԵһᣬջĿ⣬ʹˣ̶̵ɲǣЩ궼ǸеĿ־壬һʪ͸ʵ
׸ʹһԺĳϣʵҲǿֲޱȡ
׼һ£츳Լʼһᣬֵ˽ԡתȥת˲䣬Ŀ磬˽һֻۣһˣ׶

ȥ˶Ǵһ࣬ݺݵһ
ߺ׶յ˫һ¶ڵӣ֮лһ˵Ĺâ
һ죬ҲҪҽ£

һᣬ츳ʽʼ
׸Ժĵӣӵ֣˳ϤĽ֮Уʼ츳ȡԼ츳ƣ˱βԵķҲһķ
׸Ժӣ˳ܵ꣬ЩӣϾˣĴ˵ĳһλǼҪʿǲ
λү೤Ͼʼ츳ԣֵүҽ
˵ͷ
һλ׸գһЩ׳ʵ˳׳׳ģһصı
׸ү룡׸Ժӣ׸˽ȥһЩЩĵӡ

Ƭ̣Цݵ׸ԺӵĴ˳ٺһЦ¶һڰ׸ոһ̱ڶĵӸΧסϸѯʡ
һλʯүӴѯʹ׸֮һοڣ㵽

һӰ˳˽ȥ֮ʱЦݣпգзߺޣԹһḻдϡ
һ׶

 ɳĮþ

һ׶
ŵĵӹĽг׶֣Ϊ׶׼ҵΪ׶ʵղŵսһŵɣȫر׶»˿˿ܵ׵磬ľս
ʵһжΪ׶ʵ
׶ޱ˹ȥƣȴСԺ֮˵Ľ㣬˭Ƕ׶ۿĽмʣǲ⣬Ϊյķϲڱ
һۣ͸ղ׶ոսʱһۣһģһ̺ĸ֮ȴǽȻͬѰζ
룡
Ժӣ׶·֮⴦֡
ͷ׶˽ȥ
һٴը
׸գոյһǰȥԵ꣬׶뿪ıӰǴֿЦҿٿõʮֵĸ߷֡
츳ĲԣԻֵʽչֶٷƣݸ츳Ĳ̶ͬȣһ츳ֻڼʮңϼѵ츳ʮϣǰʮ֣ŵķڰʮֵʮ֣ھʮϣǴ˵ķ
׼ʷУֻǳλʡλÿһλǴ˵еĴڣɾ;춯أÿһλǲԽķᱮ
׸գΪһԵ꣬츳Ҳǲаʮ֣ʡ
׸յĻһ䣬һЩ˶Ǹӵ׶뿪ķǱӰԶȥһԤУ˽ԶͬĽŲԽˡ
գ׷˽Ų֮ʱҲԽ̡֮

Դ¶һׯϵգʹǸղŹԺӣ˿Ҳһеı飬ȥޱȣޱĴ׶ǰ
ǰһտĴһںڵĴŵǰ棬Ժĵͣ½Ų׶ǰǲԵĴ೤ѾȺӾͲǰ
ݣǾûʸǰģ׸ɭϣȻһ׳ϸϵԼˡ
ͷ׶ǰƿţ˽ȥ
Ժӿ׶ǰıӰһʱִ·߽ȥĲһͨ꣬һλԶŵ˽ܣҪ貵Ĺâ
׶ϣһЩӣĬĬ߶ף

Դ֮ڣһƬտʮɵĿȣôԿյ
׶һǰȥȻ£ޱ飬һȥ
䣡
һ̣׶ڵ֮ʱȻһ䣬ǰһڰ֮˲ʱһİĳ׶Ұ
ȣ˿
ȻһƬһ޼ʽɫɳĮĴǽɫһƬػȻһɫư֮У߹ҵ̫ͬһ˿ŴأΪµɳĮٶȼ£û޶ȡ
׶ЬӣɲǼùޱȣ·̣ʱҪ׶һ㣬ë׶ɢˮո̾ͱ˿
ֱһ¯ԺһС
˿ʵ·˿̾һոնͨףȻǻһƬϣʱԽ˳׵ĻΪҽ
׶Щ԰ףҰ׵ݽҧڲ԰׵촽֮ϣһѳ֣ȴһ˿Ѫ
þʵ
üͷһ׶ɻϸϸĳʹͬһĻ̫ҲҪϸۿһ顣
ؿƣһŭͻӣ޷ֵȥ׶³Էٶ
ѵ治ǻþɣһ˿һҲǵĳһģһʹȵɳҲ˿ؿڣ׶ȫǾҵĲѾ˼ޣˮִ΢΢Ժ壬˼뵽Գ˯ľأһˣ׵ʧȥɳĮ֮С
ܣǻþ
׶ҧɫֽҰѪɫˡΪ͵־ǰУȻҪҵþ
ģɶҡֺ
һ


ǵͬҲ׶һ˫ȣҲ޷֧ǰκһ
ȴͬİңԶһ׶ע޷̤
ˢ
Ȼ׶ε֮ʱٴһ䣬һڣٴλظԴĳǰԺȻٴΡ
ֱͬһز¶վ˫Ŀͬ棬ܵĻ棬ȼһеİԵ
׶ִ죬˴Ϸ֣ǸһѵССͣȻʵڣԽͬˣҲҪѲŰİ̫ˣ
̫ˣ
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֣ͬبŰĺӣ׶֮ڲͣĻصͬ׶
ոʩչɳĮþ׶ɫոջָ֣һܵ˰ĺǳ⣬𵴣ڽһɳĮþĳͷ
ѾԲǵĳͷڴ׶ĵģݲ׶ж׷󣬻׶ļ־
ڳ׵Ĵݻ׶˲ţ
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ڰ 

࣬һ׸Ժڶ೤֮еһԱһͨͨĳϣ˿ȴ˵ĻȻ츳֮ʱ׶ɳĮþ׶ļ־ͬĺǳ⣬Ҫ׶
׵Ļ׶δ׶ɱѿ֮С
˷ݶ֮Ĳòޱȣֹ˿˼׶ݣ׵Ļ׶
ϣֻЩյĴǻģʹԼҲȻûгܷҲǲ֪ĬĬһĨӵɫ
̾˿֮ǸӵĿ׶ͣĽʹϧŻںޣޱȡ
׶˿ھػһĴ׶ΪڳУ˿ֵһᣬһ϶ѡ˿̣ȴҪȫʵĴȫ
Ҳ£Ҳ£׶вͣźػ֮ʱǻķ籩пͬһĹ׶壬׶־
ףĸף
Ұ׵ݣѾȫҧͬҰ׵촽֮У֮µ׶˿̣ȻһɲĶ֧Ѿһ˿塣
һɲһĵִ
׶ҡҡ׹ʼղϵµ壬Щ𾪣һֻһ۷ʵˣȻԱ˴£һǿͬƮҡʱҪˢĴ˷ˣΣգʱҪȴ漣ĶȹÿһΣѡ
ѵӵȻ˾أҾȻ𲻵ĵģ
𾪣¶𾪣һĨӿķŭ֮飬ŭ֮ȴһԥ֮ɫ
ӣһ׶ĵģ׶Ĳܺ츳ż͵ģԴӻԻ͵ʱ
ǰ·Ϊ岻ڶ֣Ϊ˴ܹȡ峤֮λ׶ɱѿ֮С

̾һȻ˿ҲǾޱȣ֪ѡ·
䣡
һ̣໹ԥǻ֮ʱҡҡ׹ʱҪ׶ȴǺȻ䱬һɾƣƣޱȣ֮£ֻоڱ仯Լֻһ㡣
ŵţ
ʶ˺󼸲ͷϸϸĺˮɫ԰һƬ
࣬˿̣׸ȫܵƣһ㣬ӲԴ֮ںȻֱƲ񷡣
ƣһĹֱҪ׸Ͽ֮ʱ׸ܣȻһŰػ󷨣εĵǰ
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ͣײϵĴͬ׸֮ںȻԿһʱ䣬׸ֻǸоߺһƬذ
׸Ľڡ
϶Ȼ˫֮Ҳ׹ҫݶһ˫۾ƺԿһֱӴ͸ݶ֮ȻڲϵĶԺ䣬ɫ׵Ĵɢ䣬׸ӣܵһЩ˺
⵽ʲôȻԺԿǲʤôôǿЩ𾪣ĵ֮ƾһɿ־֮ɫоԼС
˫Ŀ𣬿Ժλã࣬㵽ڸʲôֻĵģ㣬㵽׸ʲô
գۼ䲻ʧ֮С
ͬһʱ䣬׸֣ͳͳʧĿֻһԺĲ֮ء
Դ
ڵϣˮתһ˿һɫ԰ף֮Ĩ־Ǳ޵ķŴ֮£֮ܵѹл֣̿Ǳᶨĵģ˿Ѿ˿˿Ѻۡ
̥ֻʣ¿־塣
ע֮µ׶壬ȻվϵǹƣҲ׳ͬʱ֮кԿǵҲ󣬸ӵŰȻѹļ
׶ڣ׶ʶѾʼģȫȻ֧׶ֻ׹Ӳӣɢϵ׻
׶ڣһߴʮ׻֮ͨɢϽɫĹâ׵ͬһһ㣬̾ᡣ
ڴʱ׶ΧĿռ䣬Ȼѿһ˿˿ĺɫѷ죬ռ޵ϢһӰڲԴ֮ϡ
飬ϰĸ֣Ȼ֣һϾŻվ׶ر׶ɢĻϣһɫ׵磬ÿһ˶ǽޱȣüͷϰ֮У׶ĸףװԣȻλֻǣװԵĵλֻվԶ޷ӽ׶׶ڵΣ
ͣ
˻˼֮ʱһӰߴһͷɫͷʱ׵ĹâֶȴǸϵѹһֻ߰ѹȸУһˡ
ϰĸ֣Ӱ֣һޱȣ񣬡μ峤
ˣȻ׶үү׸峤ˣ

ھ 淨

ڵķ϶֮УŨ֮ɢ˺κһλʥµĸ֡ѷ֮¶һλԿˣһɫͷ׹ⲻʱž죬ƺһĻһڲϢ
ˣȻ峤׶үүƹټȨߡ
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λĴ֮˿̿˵ĵһޱȣ̹
ţ
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жλƽʱײβ峤ľηոյһ񣬾͸һͬĸо
ʵ
峤ǵλߣʵҲ˫Կݺ½Ϊһ峤Ȼ쵼ܶôûѹȺ۵ʵҲվһ޳ɡ
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ϵڴ֮𣬹ף
ڣ
ЩòϣԼȴ޷ˣʵ쵼Ĳܡ
֮Уǧ̷
ףڿտ֮ʣÿ˶Ǹڵֹʹ಻࣬õԺϣ˿̵Ȼ֪֮Ѿж޷ı䡣
ң֣Щһûоһ쳣Ĳ
Щ̣Ŀ⸴ӵĿǻ࣬࣬ϷҲûа취ϣԳŵ峤λʱɡ
̾һЩΣϱ֮ϣ峤֮
壬жٵϵжٵķֻ֧һ˵Ǿǵ峤ֻ峤ſͳȫ壬˭۵λôߣҪӡ
ˣȰѵǰ
˽Ŀ⿴ԼΪϲġӣЩӣЩӦ˵ڶμ׶һΣ׶ոճʱ
СӣȻһ㰡ȻôӰ졣ЩɻĿ׶˻ҪȽǰ顣
׶ֱ֮ͦǵͻ׳ʵǿѹµƵ
һƣ׼ҾԻܵԵĴʵ̫£Ű꣬ͬһЦ
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üͷһ߶һ¶ֳȵ̰źǿӵиС
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׶죬֣ܣأ
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ֵ׵磬Ź֣Ź֣
ҡҡͷ˰죬淨Ȼ޷ϤҫܣԴɻ󣬶ֱ֣ȥ
ͣ
׻ʵͣҫۼҪܵն΢΢𶯣ȴȻ޷ơ
鳾ȥ
ͷƺ̺һ֮£ղſԶԿ׼׻ɲǼɢ׵ʧ
ͣ
׵֮淨࣬Ǵž˼һۣȻ飬ɢɣ֮У׵״ɫ֣ӿн䣬
һ𣬴Ȼɢָƽֻǣ׼ҾһսЩˣһЩӶܵˣС
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װԸЩΪ׶еϧһ˿ˡ
飬ҲϣڶΣ
һ仰˵ӰѾʧ´һãȻ˼

ʮ 츳

׶СԺ
žûһ˿ҹĻ٣ȻһƬ޷׽ĺڰ֣ûһ˿Ĺ
֮ϣ׶üͷԼĴˣȻ֮С
񲨺װѾˣÿһζǱ˵ȥˮ涣Լĺңʹ࣬Щģر񲨣᲻ͣĵţʹ࣬˺׶Ǻ֮ǣ޲ȥƤ
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׶ķı򿪣һɫѾͷװС࣬һͷСӣŵ߽ŲᣬŪ׶Ϣ
üͷ׶״СҲһᣬһĺӣ˻ڸĸ֮ʱ׶ȴҪԼĲпᾺһЩĵӲμңҪϲĵ֣ܵһЩƽĴ
һ꺢ӿܵģ
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̳ӣ׵飬½ϴڵ׶𺳣ЩֻʶССһ֣Լǧ֮һ
鷱࣬ÿһĵ̣ǻڵ飬ǰһĪ𺳡׶׻СĽ𺳣һڴ·һصĽǰ
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׼ҵŲֻصĺ¶棬һҪǰЩѡ׶üͷ
⼸գԽԽĸ֣Ͳ󣬶ǶʵǳңḻȫǾѵ˿١
׶ռ֮ʱԽľ׼ҺʵҲ˽ĸࡣ
ƣ׶ͼֻʮ֣̫ˣҪǰֻлø߼ֵơ
Ҳм𣬵ͼƣֻʮ֣ͬ׶ռġ
߼һƷ࣬ЩΣգͬеƣɱħ޵õģÿһжʮ֡
ֻȥˣ
ҡҡͷʣµʱѾ࣬ȥƵĴֵƣ

ڶʮ ı

׼ĻƣкܶʽҲǲһһ㣬ֵԽߵƣԽ׵õһΣգܿвӵ
Ȼٻᷢ˭ͷԷɣҪ
׶ĴһۣܿҵһתۼȥʱѾˡ

׹ȡ
֮ڵһ֮صıԵشǳأңң׼ҲźܶĻƣ޷鵽ӵ飬ûô
׹Ⱥߴɽ壬ɫһƬȻһ壬ʱ׹˫졣
˻
ޱȵɽ֮УȻһŭ˻Ѫķ֮ȴĴ
ɽڣɫ׼ҵӣڼһͷɫħޣ˻Ұ޺оͷħ޷ġ
׹ħޣͽħ֮УʵΪǿһ֣ϵħޣٶȼ죬ħ޵һַ֧
׼ҵӣʵҲ˿Կ׵ħޣ࣬ͷħ޳Եģʤȯգ˿ֻǽʧСͷ׹Ӳƴ
飡
ٴʹ˻˫֮Ѫİ죬ȫѪɢͷ׹ʵĵڵϡ
׹
ˣͷʵǿͦģȻӲôʱ䣬ħеٮٮߡ׷һһԵ˵
׷磬ƣһٮٮߣʵҲ˿Ĳ˶ʵңʵʵʵ˿٣ǳʵδǰ;
ڨЦһϲ磬׹ͦѲģ⽱Ҳʮأǵٴһ
ţ
׹Ľȷʮֵ֮Ҳǲࡣеƣ׷Ҳͬ⡣
׷磬ƣֵСǸһһһ޷Ĭоֵ֣ԶԿĶ֡
ٺ٣磬⽱Ǻãˣ͸һƣⲻҪǶ༸ͷ׹ͺˡ
Щ룬ɽ׹ɱһ
ЩЦĿŻڻĵܵܣ׷ЩգܵﶼãЩ񣬳Ǹһϵ飬һ㣬ʹ׷Ҳ֪Ǻãŵ㣬ȱ㡣
һ㣬׷粻κ˺Լĵܵܡ
ʱˣСܣȥ㳡Ӧкܶǿơ
ٺ٣磬֪常˵ˣʮֵƣһŻ֣ʱ϶кܶ˻ȥЦ磬ģҾԸ
ظаյӡ
ǲҪ
ҡҡͷ׷ȴص˵ǷһĨЦݡ
ţ
һ㶣ĪĴ磬Դ֪ԭ
磬ǲôУ常˵ˣƺҪĻԳǰ常˵׶νᱻĻֳΪһпܳΪġ
Ƽĵƺ׷ѾΪ
׶׷ЦЦԽ͸
ɴ۾ɻ
Сܣһεص׶ڵصĺܣƾһյ׶ĵλȵĺܣκε⣬Ĳ׷͵
һյƺĿ׶ȻԶԿ׷һ˿ײĽ
˭
ЩףԭǸΪǣ˭
ɼǵһ츳Եǰ׷ʵ
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ţ
һ㶣Ļ䣬תۼ侪ϲϴ常˵ЩͬǰĽ常˵ܿϬ
˶׳֮ϴЧޣǰõϴʸ񣬲òۺ찡
׷ϴҲȵĺܣ׳ϴϴر𣬲̫
ǾԵ̫ߣʵҲǳȺڣ˸ûлϴ񣬿˵ҪõĻֻиɵ
׷籥˵
ƺûһ߬ȭͷţһҪǣܵõǰ
Ǻǣңһβǣкܶˣ׶٣ױǣǵȴʱһ֡
۾һԾԾԣǿȥɣ
ãʱҲˣȥǻͣ

ڶʮһ 

׼׼Ϊӵһֿˣңǧ궼ıĴͳѾγһǱڵĹ򡣸ֶȡֵֶҲǾ˽֪ʲôܣߵƣλڹ㳡֮ʮƸ˶ᡣ
ʮֵ֣ͣԸıһЩŤתǰᡣ
һΣ峤֪ô£Ȼл֮ʱ˴λսǰõϴһֳԽͨ׳ϴٱĻ졣
׼ʷϣϴĴֻΣһνǵĴΡ
һöƣ
Сɵİƴƣ׶а˼ԻһֻһϢ׹׹ȫѪֵĶҲһĿӣķⶼ¶ԵѪȣЩġ
׶ΧܶһЩ򶷵ĺۼЩۼǳĶ࣬򶷵ķΧȽϹ⣬ԿһĴս׶ʤ
֮УһĨЩ㱣׹Щã׶ƺڲ죬ԼǵħˣԵ޹ʵľͳ
ʱˣһöƽҪ֡
׶˼ʱѾʱ̣ΪҧĹͷ㳡ῪţһöҲ֣ҪǣеӶǰȥᡣ
ڵĻֲ࣬Ҳ٣ȥҵĻֻ֣ܻǰʮѣŬŬԻǰǰ˿ûлᡣ׶ü
Ļ֣⼸յʱǣͬһ㣬󡣲ʹˣ׶ŬʼǲһûвԵĻ֣һٷֵķ޴ķֲ׿ֲġ
ңŲ׶ãʵϼѣ˫־Գ׶
׶ϰִСϢ׼һ츳˵ĵ̫࣬ȵǰ֮ͣװ츳ֵҲ˵űضǡ
ֻپʮ֣ԵõƣʮֵķֵǾİʮ֣ľ飬ԿԵõǰ׶˼ԣһôţޣ֣Ҳ˵İʮĻ֣ףңǴϣ
һ࣬ƵҲǴӣɮ٣ÿһ˻õĻֱضˮҲ׶Գ嵽ǰһеǰǣ׶õơ
ơ׶૵ĸеΣҹҫʱԼСԺԵӰǸůĻдȴ簮΢Ц
ƣ׶Ҫõ
׶㣬֮ӵоԲɷɣ
ģ׶Ӱɢƻһ㣬޷Ѱ

㳡׼֮ڵģˣҪǣ㳡֮һöߴʮֵĻƣвμĵӶ޷ֿջ
ʱ㳡ΧѾ׼ҷװĵӣ۳һС壬̸ЦʱɨΧ裬˿⡣
һЩӵķװЩƣЩѪۻ֮ϣȻһսܵ˴ˣΪƣǰϣҧȻ
ʮ֣û˿Ծܾջ
磬öˣҶˡĴţٺЦš
ţûһ˿Էʮֵջ˶ġ׷ĵ˵
ֵƵ߹ٶȺȴ˵Щ֮УÿһǼɵޱȣֵȫ
磬һҸ㵱һ常֪ˣ϶ܿġ׷
ҡҡͷ׷СܣһһҪҵģʼҪϳ壬ơ׷̧ۣһۻڷ֮е㳡¶һĨ⣬ż
ƺĵͷֵǰУҵһտһЩĵطͣ
ʱȻţԽԽĵӴӸظΪơ
ˣ
Ⱥ֮УһЩӶ¶һ
ϸСһɫĹ͸һӢˣСޱ˹
ĿⶼǾۼϣһƺȫȻûиֺܵȻأ˵طͣ
ͣŵĵطˣһŮùüĬһ뿪
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ˣڶλ
һᣬ˶ǽĿתƹȥڶﵽ
꣡
СֲߣϸϸƼݣһСлһ㣬Ҳ޶⣬Ƥһ㣬һͬؤһĺӣȴˡ׼ҵڶꡣ
ɨһۣӵ׻ʶƿԼߣҶӡ
ĺһᣬƺһ㣬˸طϯض
磬ˣһûŶ׶ʣˡһԣƸ׷Ķԣϸϸ
ûУһֻ׶û
ϣ׷ȴҡҡͷ

Ʋ죬ɨȫһܣüС۾Ͱ͵ţôҲûҵһš
ľˣôûпɻ׷硣
ǳһĨЦݣ׷Ц㵱ȻҲͲ
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һ裬ֱֱŻڷ֮е㳡ɫĵ棬Ө͸ͬһĵܣͽ㳡ˣ
ʲôͽȥˣôܣô֪ôˣܶûзְ
һһէһ˼顣
һЦһĪ⣬׷صСܣ˵ȷѣ
ʲôе㼱Уһĺ档
㳡ķ׷˫һ˿һһпԿ㳡ƣǾˡ

ڶʮ 

ã㳡ܶһƬɫмĵϤȻʧܣ߱ɱĵӳ⡣
С֮䣬ʱƺڽˣֻ߷źš֧Ա࣬ÿһ嶼ĬҲѡǰᡣ
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ͬ㣬꣬׷ֵˣ࣬Ҳ١
Щ°꣬ʵǿ󣬳ԽͬˣҲΪж
ˣ׶ôûҪˣɨܣɻԴ׷硣
ҡҡͷ׷Ҳǲ֪׶̫أӿʼڣûһ˷ֹ׷ղź΢һᣬҶǲ֪׶䡣
СܣùˣƳʱȻ֣ڿܲ׷
ţ
׷ƵļһֱֻǣĿⶸȻһ䣬ֱֱ㳡Ƿ֮бâֵĹ㳡ʼˣ
䣡
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ԽԽ궼ɫҰ׵˺ĽһЩվվס޷ƽ⡣
ĩգѣ㳡Ŀ˺¡
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âѣ㳡Ĺâѿͬһޱȵĵ֮ϣѾѿѷ죬⵰Ҫ飬֮ｫڷɡ
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㳡ûһ赲ֶΣͬһλ˫ŮֲŴƣһǰƺһ㡣
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ҲǽСģʱĴֻûһ˸ҽȥһзˣûг֣˶ǲҡ
׷üۣû˵ϸϸĴ֪ЩʲôһԵֻиżȴ޷κ顣
Щţֻһٵĺʾڶ׼ҵӵĲƽ
꣬öüûóȻǰʵǿӰ׳գûаգ׽ȥ
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ķŭ۵С֣߬ͨ죬ĺ˪ΧӺ䡣
˶ǷŭԼ׼֮ѵţ飬׼ҵĽ
ߣҵҪľôţ׺ԲܷŹһ꣬ŭվͣ˵ֱĳ˽ȥʧ
ߣǶȥľţȻǶҪúýѵ֪ǵ

һȥһ󣬺һƬǳ˽ȥһΪŭΪľԣһ棬Ϊһöƣʮ֣Ȼľ֣Կ϶ƾľϣڶҲǱ׼ҳ󣬶ĿȾȻ죬һǳ˽ȥ
СܣҲȥҪżƣ׷һƻ˽ȥ˿żӡ
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Ƭ̣˶롣
Ĺ㳡ש֮⣬׶Ӱ֣ͷ֮ϣ׹Ӳӡ
ľٴʧ

ڶʮ ľ

ص㳡浽ʲôصĳһöƣֵջ󣬸޷ֿ
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ʮ䣬ֻϣЩȴ˲ͬݵĲ죬ѪĲͬעǵͨ˸
½Ϊħ似ĺУǳУǿ󣬶˵Ƿǳʮ꣬ĽǴ·ȷѪ֮С
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ǰУܶһľɫһƮ죬Ӫ־壬һϵĹ¼š
磬ǵˣǳڣƿǰһлϲĽ£ԭĹ¼һɨ⣬

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ڵˣֲطԶҪ׷а뵽
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˶ǱֳĬĬĬĶֵЩʲôиӣĲɡ
ӵǺη
жߣѵĿԳʣ
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׷磬һ֮УҲʿǰһˣң׷˼ɵǻۣҲΪ֣ССͣȴųԽ˵ǻۡ
׷ҲûΧ˵͵ûв´ľ棡˵գ׷ңɼϷƺ͸ޣ˵һС
Ļû˿ڣ궼ģһ˼飬ͬϷƺҪӡ֤
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׷¶һ˿ЦݣǺһЦڶڴ֮УƵľһֻȥֶβֻЩɣ

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һŭͬըһ˷ɽ׵ıЩԵȼɽ޾ŭ𣬽ϯ
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У֮ϣɫƣ׵籾Դĺۼе峤мƣİ棬ƺȻںһ㡣
׷磬꣬ã׸ա
߻ɨˣһÿһһ̳δ׼ҵĸ߲ǰ;
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ȻۣôܣѵѪˣûоѾͿԿѪ

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һȫǲ˼ʡۣѪ֮У֮һңΪǿ֮һ벻ĻԵ
ڶ˵ľȣľǰ¶ֶΣȴ˿ᣬĿһյأȺ岽֮ĵطһ˫۾ƺԿֱﱾԴ
ص㻹𣡣
һըף˶Ǿѵﻹˣ

ڶʮ һ

˵ĿľĻʼתƣͬʱһȻһǵβԶڶ˵׷飬׷ûз֣úҲûз֣ҪôĿֲ
ң޷֣ľȻԷ֣ۣѪѣľжôĿֲ
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ըһķڣ۷׷ף˶ڲ²׶ݣȴûһϳﲻмһ˵ķҪϵ
׶׻׵壬׻ʹڵĸ죬ͽ֮ʱҲǴвͬ׶ദˣϲ׶
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˱Ӳмһ˵ķȴһ˵̬Ұ֮ڣһֿԶߵķ׵Ĵݻ׶ǰų
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׶Լ⣬Ǵ½ʹ׼ȻδиΣΪػĸ׶ʵԶԶ

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׼ңһ֣ܳһľѧ֮һԲͬҲֺûͨĶܣܿǷݱ䣬ļܣޣ֪ͨ
ֻǣ𣬺أûһ׼ӵܴѪ֮м̳йļܵʲôδֻ֪һжҪδȥ̽⴫˵еڴ½Źʡ
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һ˫ɫ˫ľϷ֣ûһ˿ĸ飬һ˫۾ԿһУĻý磬ͬڶ֮һͨۡ
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ʾüͷȻûܣǿۣҲˡ
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˫һգٴͬĻüĴĵֻ۾۾
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Щľţ׼ҴûгֹʹڼУҲûеֻ۾Ȼڣһ䣬һǿ䡣
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ƺúľѪܣ̼׶Ѫ׶ӲӣɢâͬʱŨ׼ѪϢʡ
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һаȣֻǣ׶ͷϵ׻ʹڣһ䡣
һϽɫѪҺ׻ʹиֶͬ뵽׶üĴ

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ľѪɹƺ׶ѪĽҼįȻϴ֮ʱȫɢӲӵҫۣѪʼֻǣٶȺ
ѪͨǺܿɣңһֲŵ˵ѵʱԽ죬ôõļԽ졣
ղƺӡ֤һ㣬ľѵʱԶԶСãõļľļȴı켼ܣ۵汾
˵ֻڼܽľ飬Ϊʲôû˿˵ƺΪһţ谭þʱжܵǿ
׶ľѺţٶȲ࣬㳲̵һԹۿֱüͷûм
üͷɲ̫죬ѵٶ֮ûмʹּߵ츳ܣٶҲԶԶ
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һжǳԤ֪ı仯˵ǺõĻǻġ
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죬ݣ׶ʱʹͣ޷ͣ˳һԵ˺úһġ
СӸǽ߬С֣ɫЩ԰ףΪ׶Ĵûн޷Ȼ׶ԣԽܵ׶ĺ⣬׶ҧ촽ҰѪɫЩѡ
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ʮʱ䣬׶Ҳ޷ܣ׵ı˻Թȥʧȥһֱ
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һܱһĹ죬ܶû׼ʷϳֹ׶Ϊ׼ҵļܴȫϴصļܡ

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׶ļܣĸûʣ׶֪һĳϾּһһ죬棬á

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ѧԺڴ½ĸȼ֣֮һгѧԺ׶뷨ֻһȥѧԺõģһҪȥ

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һգ·Ƽ¶ԭƵ´̷ӿѰζΪǶף˻ҵĻѪ׵
һУΪһԭȻһ飬Ҫ
׼ҵһ׶ͬʱӭȢϹټҵСϹܰа˼ҵİޱϢһ𶯣һЩٿ͵Ļ飬ʼ֡
ҵ忪ʼζʲô֣ǵĿʲôѵΪԱ
̫ɻû֪Ҳֻ峤ܿһС
ⳡɧҵ壬ƽһ㶯ûУȫ嶼ϲգЩɳڼ֣ĵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬׶ϹܰޱϢϯΪһʱ٩٩̸Ļ⣬У׶Ǵš
ͬʱӭȢ飬Сʲôʺˣ׶̳Ϊȫ½ĹУر˱ϹܰͰޱСӶǾӣδΪ½ʮ֮һǰ϶
׶̳Ϊ˼⡣
ϹܰǻˣڷһᣬԸ˳ˮͱ׶ҪܰѾ꣬׶ꡣ۰ޱ׶ԭͣͳˣ𷢱ۣҲǳ׶Ѿꡣ׶ǡͬʱӭȢˡ
׶ϢҲ½
Ϣһ׶̳Ϊ½˺Ķر֪׶Ȼ۲۵һϲģʲôɵɵӣС׳գȫ͵׶ϡ
УһʱĴ½ʫˣȻ׶˸ţѾ̷ȫ½ţ
档
ʱҴҶʱ䣬һգ۶ѡ
ʱ䣬½һƬƽͣ˽ֻżʣģƴҲûͣ϶һΧ֮ڣǸϿɵһЭ
ڰҵҪһѪȷ罫ʼ
׶СԺ
飡
һȭײʱһֳƣʵʵĶԿǼҵĶƴ
սеˣٶȷǳ죬Բ׽˵Ӱֻ΢ģһƬܶ˵ӰģһƬԿս쳣ҡ
ۣ
սֲ£һ˵ͺһ˫ɫĹââ׹ҫһ˫Կյۡ

ľȣ׹
׶ӰȴȻٶ˿û°֣׶ûһôȭȭͷ֮ϣ׹ҫɫͬһȭεİס׶ȭֱľؿڡ
ľˣۿԿһ׶ٶٿ죬ȻѲ˫۾׶һһ
ǡö׶һȭ׹ҫȭͷڿմ׶һ޷йĸоһٴιľǳľ͹Ŀյ
飡
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ʱ䣬Լ²ſԿѹסԼ׶ڿԹĶԿңԼ·磬⵽ʲô
ԼѾһ֮гûܸԼĽŲ˶Уǰ꣬ԼҪû
׶վƮƫƫ̬һִһͬµӰ׶غһž˵ơ
ˣ
ľҡҡͷҪϽ޷ƣͬҪƲ˶֡
׶ͷЩϳɡ
꣬ʧܵľͷ׶鷳˴֣һսĺܼң˶ñۿĳǶǽﻹǲʮӵеʵ츳ܣľֻ۵һηҫ򶼱ֻ۾Ȧסͷϵĵֻۿ췣ۣ֮ͷ׵̷׶ʧݡ
Ͽľ֪׶ҪԣҪǣ׶λܸߣпһε峤ʧҪַֿ֮ʱ׶ҲǴϣȫһ亹
׶в֪ʱһصȨȣȨȶһ֮ƺȱһƷ
Ȩȸһ֣׶ľֻңңһָȨȵĶǶ׼ֻۣɲǼеϤʧľҲʧ޷ʩչ
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ԺľӵǺ˺ܶ࣬׶ҲûʩչȨȣȻҲֹʩչ
׶ҪȥĸѧԺսľʵ
֮кܶһǰѧԺȥѧϰ׼ֻ׶ľûжУľԼԭ򣬶׶ΪͲŰꡣ
ôҲҪȥѧԺ׶ʵںľĹϵǲңӸ֮̽УľƺΪУء
ţ峤˼һҪһȥѧԺѧϰһЩľ
Ǻðɣ׶ͷô⡣
ȥĸѧԺ

׶ƽѧԺǴ½һѧԺΨһĳѧԺңѧԺҲǴ½֮һǿᡣ
룬ľͷҪȥҲȥ
һĽܳ꣬ôľѧԺȻȥԼҿѧԺҪǴȥжȻһƬ顣
ˣȻͬʱķѧԺ⵹ʲô˼ѵԼҿѧԺУ˿⣬ѾҪȥ½һѧԺ

ʮ 粨

½һʮһѧԺѧԺʮһѧԺϵĳѧԺĵһʵɲ⣬ҲһӰ½
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ڶ졣
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۹һ·糾͵ĸ׼ҵһ·ͨеĳǳȫУһµʱ䣬׶ľʥ
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ÿһﷸÿһֶڹߣһָ߶ɵķΧǺء
żѧԺ̵ˣǸǵõܶ˵𾴣ҶǶǺܾأĳİնѧԺźܸߵľ⡣
ѧԺأ׶˼ǶѧԺ˼ֺ档ѧϰģһǿĿԵģ½ѾЩʱǲ࣬ʵ
߰ɣֱȥѧԺ׶һԵ
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ѧԺſڣѾУһƬӰͷܶſڱ˰Χǰ꣬½һͷÿ겻֪ǰ
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ѧԺɫ־ſڴһֻ޴ӳ壬Ĵɢһϵ
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׶¶һС˿ûΪ׶СᣬѧԺԺܹܣӴ׶ľү
ѧԺ֪׶رӴݱȽϺʣȻ׶һѧԺһԺܹ㹻ˡ
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һ㶣ۣЦᶼźˣֱס
ӺԲܹԺĳϣ⣬ֺģʵҹά
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ССٴľګ
ԭûϣѧԺղŲǺںֻǱӸŵˣ׶Ļ̸֮Ļ
ѧԺʮѧԺ֮һʹܹмȥģ

ڶ ơ

һ ѧ

˳ĽѧԺȻſڷһЩķ粨׶ССĳͷһѣЩվС׶˿˳ĳΪѧԺѧ
ѧԺԳΪ½һѧԺܹסλ꣬Ȼ˵ĵط׶ǲ֪ýӴ
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׶ľƺţǷֵᣬһֱ͵ᣬټĶᵹֻ׶ľˡңѧԺĽλãܶƵıȽģдżʡ
ľֱĿ׶ͷƤ顣
Ҫʲôôң׶һĪӣзëǲƣľִ׶
СӾһײǽͷһСţţ졣
һܣľ˫Ŀ֮ƣɫһɨ⣬˵սľˣһԾԾս˵ӡ
׶Щˣľһ·ڴɧڵ˵طսһⲻ˵ģӣսž˵Ⱥá
ǰһ׶ˮջľǳѧԺѧԺĸֲ㲻ֻһսɣ
׶ͬһСһ㣬ջľЧҲԣľǰһ˳뿪ˣһ˷ܡ
һսˣԼĿĺ룬һƬĥִţΪִƴԼս
׶ҡҡͷľĺ͸
ϵĻ鼮һЩѧԺ涨ճ׼飬鵹ǲ񣬵漰棬ǳȫ档
ԵĿһ飬жԸֹи˽⣬Щ˵Ǳ䣬ÿһƶĺϸ񣬿Ǻȫ档
еĵͼѧԺķֲ׶صļ䣬ЩպҪϣѧԺǳռķ֮һʥ򣬷ֲҲǲͬסͼ·
׶һ絹Ǻɣ飬˼Ʈݣ֣׼ҵĴƣһϤԼɺܶ࣬׶ҡҡͷ飬ζУн֪ܺܶʶǳʶ׶ǺܸȤ
磬ķΧվƣľ˸߲ҵĻ¶ܾûмĴЦݣм˺ۣóܿģʵӦЩսһּ޵ķš
չۣҪһȡ
ԺȥսöһЩսϾֻһķʽ㲻ȫս³ɣü׶̲סѡ
սôľʣһļ֡
ķʽк֣ܶ㲻Ҫ̫֣չۣ׶΢΢ŭľ̫ƫִһƫִ·ƫ棬Σա
񴿾ˮ׶һۣҡҡͷ㲻ҵĿģҼֵɡ
˵֮󣬲׶ĿڵϣսһмֵջҪ˳
һսˣѪ֮¶ľǣţһʮ꺢ӵеġ

һһ֮׶ûзӦʱһ˷

ѧԺ𣬲֪ΪѧԺڶħ޸Χء
׶ɻĿ⣬һԵͷΪ׶ͣѧԺսӣǵ
սӣѧԺһ󽾰ʿǵֻӵһ˿ѪѣѧԺʿڴ½ǺպսˣҪǣЩʿǴͨѧѡģζţͨҲгΪʿʸ
һΪʿｫ㣬ջء
˵ĵط
ʿѵѧԺ֮׶ԽɻܹõôʿȻҪдЩﻹҪӵѪе˼Ѱζ
ʿĻعֻСѣѧԺµһѧڽҪѧЩʿعһӵ֮׶飬ЩûдľҲڶ
£ȻʱΪͳȥĿľǸ׶ճͬʱ׶İȫ׶ľзǳҪá
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׶кֹϵ
ǸССǺʹ죬ֱҵ׶ͳ죬Ҫ׶ƼţֺǺǵȥѧԺһСķ粨
ºַǷѧԺѧ粨ǽѧԺյѾ㹻һ׽ͬʱѧԺǿʼһѧԺǱܿѧԺʱ䣬вԡ
ҪμѧԺĿѧ񡣡ͳһѵڣ׶ɺܶࡣ
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ѧԺһһȵĿѧͬʱǶһܽᣬ䷢һֳڵѧԱй
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׶ľǲϲֵˣһ
Ƚ׶ľܻӭЩսѧԺѾвСͷһ꼶ϴͷ֮ѾһЩͬǴ˶ľ׼ҵţ֮ʣƵߡ
ܶľкǰ׶һԣ׶Ҳں


һУѧԺʿսǵȺгΪֵĽ㣬һЩ겻ƵĿʼԾĽвܵ㽣ÿһ˶Ǹ档
Щʿһͦظ߸ϣһȣ֮ͬӣʵߵǸƢ
һһҲôҡУѧԺҲˣһƽˣһʱ䳡ù죬˶ȥѰǸĿ꣡

ڶ ˴

мӵĲмǳԣ̶˶Ǿţ˷ʿѧԺĽѧԺѧߵ룬ÿĪΪʿ֮һ
ڣһԴļѻڷſԣȻʿһһѣεȵĿεȵţ
Ŀ֮һһµİ׾꣬ĮһѺɫԹԵģ˿û˵Ŀ⡣
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Сӣ̫ˣʿҲ㲻ѧԺˣһʿϣƣߣ֮дв˼
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ļǴû뵽ģղƽˮį꣬ھȻһ̬Ҫֵ֪ƢԣһΪʲô顣
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һݱսȻɳ棬ЩŤ
Ƭ̣Աȫ룬ѧʽʼ
ԺܹܣǸӵĽ£һЩͷӣ׷ԲԵ˹ЩѧԺĸ߲㣬ʲôУΣһƱˣÿһǾǿͷӣ׵ѧԺɡ
ţһͨҺúõúõѧϰδһ̸˵˼ʮ궼仯Ļ
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ʮѧӲݹǳĿģڶĿ֮£Щ˶δ֮ӣʵǿ֮
ѧԺһ꼶ʮ˾꼶ÿ꼶ˣѧԺĽ
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ǲƵıûЩЩ̸ĻˣЩü
ǬѧѧԺĽѾǰѧԺΪѧԺʦ֮еһԱδǰ;
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˵ÿһʿ˲š
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ڶ졣
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ͬѡѧҲΪർʦͷʹ顣

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ѡʦǺҪ飬һʦĳɾ̶ܴͣȾѧĳɾ͡ʦһׯѡˣһ̹;ֱͨƣѡˣһ᫵̻ɽ·Զͷ
˵ѡʦһת۵㡣
220ڣ׶Ȼڿ鼮ζԵ֣ľüʼղ֪鼮ʲôô
Ҫһ⣬׶ȣ̸СǣûκεĿ֤ߵһ˼ݣ׶ȴӣ죬ľ⡣
׶Ҫȥѡʦˣô룿Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ľʵⷽ治ôУһĨڣֻȥ׶
׼ҵӵĵʦȻԼȥѡȻѡãѧԺľ׶ҪԼȥѡ׼ҵ޷Ӱ쵽ѧԺ
Ƭ̣׶飬ҫȥܱˣֻҪѡʺԼĵʦͺãûõģֻʵģ׶Ļش
ⷬȫģľıȽӸտʼĮյദ׶Ѿȫ֪ľֻһ׵ߣһĿ֮ˡ
׶ľеûףʦǴ½ĴͳʦʵԽǿѧδԽǹô׶ȴˡ
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еĳضڽ֮ܲУ˶Ϊǰ˾ӢŬ
ѧԺԻÿһŶעҪڴ·һ籩ǿ϶ģѧԺİ˾ӢδǷǰ;
׶ҲּΣ⼸û֣һԷһչʾĻᣬһٶȳ֣غϽԷ̨֮¡
ÿһֶĪϸһ룬׶ɲ⣬𾪡
׶η壬ʤǺףܹʤöĪоη壬ǲס
ģ׶Ҳʼȵһ֮ʵҲǱ˽ֵ
ǵһأೡͬҲݣ˻ϲ˳࣬⣬˰ᡣ
޲пᣬңӮҡ
ˣһغҪ׶ϸһ£һزҪˣѾӽʮˣ̭¼˾ͺá
ೡҲǲ࣬һغϽӽ
ȻһᣬǸ̽ȫһغϣ̭󲿷ֵѧԱһڵİ˾Ӣʽ֡
һˣǴ½Ƶǰ;޷
ãǲѧԺľӢܹδܹʱĳ֣ҡ
ֳϲٲӰ
Ϣһգ쿪ʼս
һܹ۾ϵ뿪

ʮ ǿ

һıȻֻǻغƵ̭ҲǷǳңǸأʷ׳ʣѤħ似Ϥݡ
һЩ꼶ѧǰۿܹѧϰһЩµĶԼа
һЩ似ħܹչ˼·δоа
֮жǾӢ꣬Ȼһ֮Ҳǲ֣һЩϼѵĵβѡ֡
׶ٺ٣˵ͷҿ˵üСŮˡһǹͷԵ˵
գ۾ӻˮһЦҶӡ
׶ƲƲ죬ûᣬⱲӵ۵㣬һܱʣΪ
׶ȵȰһҪЩСŮ̸̸أ޾֮У׶һ뿪´һĸ̾Ǿȥ̸̸롣
Ǵ޵һ롣
ҹƣ۵һ죬ڵϢ
׶ŷƵĹżĽе磬ԽǶȥԽǸоһԼСĸо
ʵ
ǶһЩ΢ĵ伮һ͸֧ĸоȫĶȥ£Щ׶Ҫ̽ġ
ڹ죬˴֮ʿѡδţһھȥǸΪӣҶĸоԽԽԣѧԺôԶǲöܡ׶
˵ЩĪֻԼ֪ǸԼжôҪΪƿûСİޡ
ϢһᣬƽһЩ飬׶ϥģʼãսԱ߹ۿ׶ǻǳ
۽ҲһЩս顣
һգŵ˴УԽǵʱ򣬱ԽӾʣҲԽ࣬ܶ꼶ѧۿѧϰ
֮УһЩѾԶԶЩνĸ꼶ѧ
ɽ˺㳡׵ķԸܵѪķڣּഺ˻ζ
öˣ׶Ⱥ֮ͬ޸Ƽ沨׷æסλãô꼶ģ
ЩˣһǸ꼶˴㵡
ʱһܹͦŴӣƵ߳󸹱㣬ЦǲЦ
ֵĶӣһһߵģΪ
ȿȣܹܿһ󣬵ȺྲҽĿۼܹܵϡܹܺĿ⣬е˵ѧԺ˴ڶغϵı
ܹһ˵ҡ
ܵļţѧԺļƻһĵڶغϱЩͬҪıһЩ򡣡
˻һһƬȻ
ıʱȻǷΪʮбÿһһʮʮһϼǰʮ
ʮڼᡣ
ܹһǸıѧԺõĹ򣬵ô£
ڴһ۵ʱܹܼһΣѧԺȡµģʽս
ϲȻڼܹٴô𾪡
ս
ɶ˼ѵһٸӢȥȺܣ
һٸӢҲ΢΢ϾǵһԼϤʵӲͲˡ
ð죬Ⱥ
ܹҲżƳ¹Ȼһġ
ģԼаգԼô˵ѧԺ쵼вŻôнԵĽ飬ǿʱġ
սһῪʼʱһӢȫһ̨սаս̨ϵѧԱΪһǿ
˻һһƬž
ʹѾµȻ޷ȶ飬̫ˣصĹͬʱȡǰʮȡǰֱȡǰ½ͷһݡ
һƬȻ
ѧԺǧĹأվȻı䣬׷ʲô飬Ȼȸıء
ңµĹأ©ܴ󣬷ǳĲ
ѵΪ½ѧԺŻˣ
üͷһ׶оһֲõĸо
½һȻı仯֮ģ½ĶеὲһıΪһš

̾һδΣ׶ȫȻı䲻ʲô
ȺܹܷԸڶѧԺԱʼ֯һȫµİսҪʼǿ
Ѿóһ˶ĳأǳ㣬㹻һгĿռ䣬ĳѧԺǾ׼
սһͬʱս⿼ĽǸ˵˵ж󣬶ͬӢ֮еֿ֡
ʱѾһеء
ıŽᣬضռһӰ죬Ƿһźţ޷ѹȺۣҪıԼսԣ
ⳡȶ̺塣
һᣬ̨ϣÿﶼλԴһʮ˽֧һƬ޴󷨣֤˿Էſֽŵս
һȫµսʽᴴ½ʷ
һ˾ִٲĽ볡أܶϤ߲Ϥˣÿ˶оһֲȫĸоԱߵˣʱܶԼ֣ÿ˵ķ˷
ʼܹۣ˿̴һȻϡ
䣡
սȻʼ



սһʼǷǳĸӣսΣһЩ׼꣬һͱ̭ûдֶΡ


걻̭սӿʼ͵˰Ȼ
һͬڴһ˴ڶһЩԼִٵӳƣս̫ҡ
䣡
ܿ죬潥ƽϢ̭֮󳡵ؿտ´ƬĿյأ㹻Ļش̭Ҳǿʼ½
Щ꣬дϻ۵һСӣָһƬƬ򣬱ָ߶Ⱦ衣
֮гЩСӣҲһЩеˣԳһ壬Χꡣ
磬׶
ٱ磬ľ
Խ죬Χۿ˶ǽ񣬵ɴ۾ϸĹۿǿǵβģ˭

ʮ ǿϯλ

˾ӢսȫǻһƬս׷ɣʵȴǰ֣ݣһȫµս
Ҫ˽Сӣһǳֵˣʽ׶⡣
ƣ˶ҪֳɼСӣˣС֮еĳԱнһȽϺõķЩеĸ˵ѡ
˵׶Ҳǵǣϵļ
ϾǿҲ޷סҵ֡

̨һǣٴηҽС
һʵǿԳһ壬û뵽ΧһСӸϣ˫ս
Ҳֻһˣȴֵס˵ͬʱ֣ڳռһƣ˫Ǵʮ־ʡ
飡
Ȼ˵ٶȱһ֪ʹúطֻһӰһǰ֡
˶۸ңһǲм
ʵǳֲȻϵĲࡣ
㡭㡭ʣλ궼Ǵʧɫţľ֣ɵһСţû뵽˼Ǹһ
ˣȨ
ؼʱ̣֧Ųסʣ˶һ̾Ȩ뿪̨Ļᡣ
ߣ
һվڽԽ䱸ûκεĶ
ļڣ׶ۣʵ
ʵսľսĶӦһĵӣϸѵʵսǿ󣬲С
Ȼ׶Ŀꡣ
һ꼶֮Уûһ弶ϵʵ׶ԺɨһУԵ׶ųš
һʵǶԼ˽⡣
䣡
䣡
İȻƣһ֮еսͬȼ˻ҩͰƽĳٴλ
һ
Сɨ塣
һĬҶǾȰЩʵǿĸȥȻھ
׶ۣ֮ڣĸ˽Χס׼֡
ʿһħʦĴ䡣
ʿǰԿħʦʱ͵ϮȻʵϺõĻʹļҲҪޡ
ĸˣɨһۣ׶䶯һ΢Цĸˣ𣿡
䣡
ĸ˻ûзʱ׶Ȼʧ
ôˣ
һʿʧɫеŸ˼ֶ֣Ǻˮ
ҲǿʼѰҡ

λʿ֮еħʦȻһ˿־;¡
׶ԣһֻֿһ˿ȴǷħʦĲ֮ϣƺһգžҪһ㡣
һֺ׶չ֣˶ʶ˺һҶԿ
ֻеС䣬ûоݵûԶ֪½ĲпᣬԶ֪Ѫ
飡
һ˦ħʦͬɳһֱӷɳ󷨱֮ڣڵϣԹȥ
һЩ£ٴ˺ǰ޺һĪѹֱر׶˫ۣ޷ӡ

׶𣬰¶
˵ϣŴһ㣬ȫɳڼ֣붼û룬һ뿪
Ǻεȵƣ
һ꣬ս֮λʮ֮ͬˡ
ΧһƬžսֹͣҶĿ׶һۣ¶䱸ͼɵвš
˭ѧԺȻѪҺܹܶԴһϵ㡣
׼ҵ׶òμѧԺܹƺ֪ʲôˣϹϾĻش
ģҪЩѧԱȻţѧԺߵܹҲôһ棿
ţԭ׼ҵС˵ȻͷԼĺ룬͵Ŀ׶
ܹͷϵĺˮ
׶ϵı֣ôҼɵ׶׵ȥû˸ս׶Цһĸֶûô֣һĸˣʵǱ̬֮һ֮еӺˡ
սȻڼ

貵ս˿Ѫڣȫ
꿴ҲķڷȻԼȥҲǱ̭ˣڹۿͬʱҲǼ¼Щħ似׼ȥѧϰһһѧϰĻᡣ
˺þã׶ɨһȫѾ
ȫֻа˸׶ľδ꣬ĸСÿԼĸң׶ǣҲˮ㣬һ档
СװıȽ棬Ҫǲ֪ΪˣȻƭ
ڵĸ֮УȻŮԲģ׶ҡҡͷɽ׸ıƣ޲μĿĲԶ
Сӣҡҡͷ׶Ц
ĸ壬ĸھʱͬȻ
׶ľδн꣬ĸ˳ͬĬͬʱͷÿһС
Ҫһ˽һ
׶ѡǴ޵塣
һĳ׶üŪۣ˼Զ׶Σֻ
Ҫ£ǣ
׶һѲ֪׶ЩĪǸʹǹĺ֣ʲôʱýˣ
һսңңָ׶һ飬ζҪŮͬѧӡ
λŮͬѧò㣬˿ȱģ׶ʵǼһȼĸô򲻹׶
д޹ؼʱԱǸ޶ԣλŮ޵Щͬ
ŮǰӢ۵ġ
׶Цһ£ŵǻȥɣȻĳִݻͲˣ
һѣȻ˽һҪԼ
۾׶Լܿġ
ߣö˵ҴҪˣԲԷһ顱ӣλŮứһƬ
ޣǡǲˣȨɣŮ˵
޻ͷһۣͽκΣЦһĩ·Ӣ۵ǣ׶նȻҪֽһ
˵꣬תλŮȥʣµһҲƨߵĸȥ
׶Ϊ˴ħһ㣬ȫ˴޸ߴ
СӣЦ˼֣׶Ұ֮ڣ޵ֱַ̡§Ůļ򣬺ǴŮҲûע⣬Ŵȥ

ʮ սľ

׶̿ЦĺΣѲ;ޣһӵ󣬵ﶼ԰Լ
С׶ǲĹۿ˭أ
ҲǺ͸ԵĶս
ľս쳣Ļ𱬣춯أڶڹۿĵطǳʡ
ľѾԼѵ¶׳壬鼡⣬ͭɫУǿı
ľʦƺҲôսİɣԱһľǰķ׶˼ȻСӣܵʦӰǳڵսĵʦԽԽ
ȫһӲͬҰһϱϵʹ
սɫ˶һ˽ܣһսһСӣ˿·硣
ЩСӶѧԺľӢδҲǷ˵ʵֻ˵̫ǿԶͬ
ľһӲˣԹԹ
δȻ޴ĽһֽĪ⣬ʤҲǾ޴
ĪҪǽ꣬׶Ψһʶˣȴһ˽ܡ
ĹǺǿ󣬱ȲľĽǶȹȲ϶δȴһֹĪٶȣԶսˡ
ٶĪ⣬ȫѹȶ֣Ʊ
⣬Ӧĸھ׶һۣѾûж
ٶȴǺܿ죬ʹңҲһ׶Էٶȿͬ޵Уĳһּµš
һַʽһƷӵ£ͬǿ󹥻ǿֻΪԵٶȡ
һֿµķš
ʱ䲻࣬ͬ׶֮У˽ʵӵ£ֻ̭飬ǿ
׶δľƱĸ˽ǿ
Ľܣһ
ãһǿʽ֣ܹʱվʼΪ׶ƣı׶ˡ
ǲһͬʱҲ¸˽ѧԺһ˽ܣЩϧǣе˾ȻĿܣΪϧ
ܹܿˮɣ˵컨׹׶˺գĮĻƱҲüͷš
ܹܵĻУ׶˱δ飬ʲôܣʲôţ칫Աȸߣȵȣ
ǽˣܹһۣۣţһܵӣܹܸоǰǰδеˬ
ãǽǿĳǩ
ʱ仹磬սϵ˳˶ɧһ˾Ӣ֮ӱսٶȷǳ죬Ǵݿ࣬ԣʱ仹硣
ܹһ£ȻѧԺԱʼ׼ǩ
С֣
ֺǺǵܹܣͦŷ۵ĴӣͻȻһܴ顣
£ܹһ裬˵ϸ
ϣʲôԸܹܺǵޱȡ
˲ޱȣƽʱ޷ܹôˣͷ˭ܹ˴
ɫ󣬸һᣬ㽫׶ľһ顣

ܹһ죬ǣźˮ˺
ÿһοͷһүүĺͰӣܹܼ֮УԼСʱǸӰʼ޷ǣ
ܹܷԸһүǺε⡣
ãǩܹʾ֮£ѧԺȻ׶ľһ𣬶δͻƱһ顣
ս
ǧ򻽣׶ľվ࣬˴˶ӣرľȻս⣬Ѿǵǵڼκ׶ս
ӵһοʼԼһֱ·磬Ǹ׼ʷϲĵˣ׼֮زԼĹ⻷λԼһҫȫΪ¡
ŭںޣ
ԼΪۣǿý磬ڶԷоǸЦô仯ȻԷ֣ԼǸСһ㣬˴Ц
ԺÿһսԽ˫ԼԽԽϲ
ֱգԼʦľ֮£ٴվΣҲҪһ¡
ľĿڵʦϯϣڶർʦλãһˣ쳣ڶർʦ֮ҲǶһģһѱҰԣӣǼ㣬ĺ磬ȥ˼ɵ
ľĵʦС
ΪΪ£
ľȫϿɣսҲǷǳơ
еԱ߲Զ׶ĵʦ֮ƵѩٻѧԺŮʦɽˡ
ѧȫǿһʱΪ˵Ľ㣬ĸ磬ЦѩҲǿ佱䡣
Сӣɲ䣡ѩٻɴ۾ϸۿ
ľԾ׶׼һٴζս
׶ҵ˺þˣлᣡľȣ޼ɵķйŭ𣬲һԲֻϣͬˮޣӿһֺݾ
޷ݣȫһǰƣ͡
׶ƶɲǼһ
ľĿģͬҰһ㣬˫룬֫ãһ㣬ͣĹ
˫ȭ˫ţϥǣ֮ϣеĲλƺΪһĹ
ƣǰϣ˴ļڵʵȫչ֣вȴǴﵽ弶ԽԼļޡ
˫Ŀ΢΢죬ľѾ˷ֻӴһͷǴǰ׶
ǰȣľĹȫǰĹʽʦĹ񹥻
ʦУѧԺһ࣬ÿսͬһصĹʽ˼ɵֹʽԳԽԼļޣһȫչ򵽶־Բ
Ƿӣ
˫ʹ׶ڵֵ֮ʱˣַʽȫӦһʼԷĹ֮Уһӡ
Ƿ񹥻Ŀ£
УıҪȻҪʧܣ׶һ裬ȻԼ弶ڣʵ޷ӣ类̭

ʮ ھҰ

ľ׶һ֣һֱ׶ΪԼƽУʱ޿̲Ŵ׶׼һ
ĻôŹƴĴ򷨣񹥻Ȼܴ󣬶;ҪҲϸƾľӵˮƽ޷ƣʹսʤ׶Ҳ޷ھ
һִţҪ׶
ŵŵţ
׶ŽˣȫλĹͬˮһиɻʱڸҲƽַ񹥻ֶΡ
еֹģʽʹЩ¸صĵʦҲΣο׶
Уڶ㣬һζĺˣսᱻ̭׶
սʵĶԱȣҲǾıƴ·磬ʽҲ޷ȫʼձѹŴ

ľȣٵ˺һ΢΢һ룬в֪ʱϸնɫԪڷ֮ϣɫҫ
ԥǰһնǺХ
ľȻڷ״̬ǻڣޱ飬ܵΣյϢ˳ƺˣǰʧû˵ֺ
ôһ㣬Ȼ㿪˼ľ룬ģʽķ̱ƽ⡣

ʦһԣһЩ˸̾һִƷģʽ׶ȻšһжľǺʹȴûκãĹϬκλġ
׶
óȻϣľҧгݣΧ˵̾оĪļֵ̣ɫ죬ݺݵĵ׶
ֵͬܣȴƳˮ
ߣ
׶ߣ΢΢ŭնֱӳȥնһᣬϢϮ֡
弶ڵʵ¶ţ
ľһе㷢飬С磬ⳡսûκŭ׶ôȴ¶ⲻƲԼ

һĶײľֿȭڶ׶ն֮ʱȻϬ׶Կһ𣬲ʮйľѾȫ·硣
ٴζƴһ롣
նһᣬ׶Ȱľ㲻Ҷ֣ҿģʽò˶ãǷɣȻܵˣʿѡζ
׶˵ĳϿңҲʵľȷ򲻹׶Ӳͦսǲǵ뷨ǰ˳ʿѡǹؼ
Ҫܣ
ľŭ
ʱ򣬵Ȱ棬ڶԷȴĴݲС

Ȼŭ֮µľȣ׵ЩຮȣɢɫĶͬһ°ľı棬ͬʱɫԽԽ
츳ܣ
ʶ̺һ󾪺ϳǰ˼
Ǵ½޼ӵܿѪʩչ츳ܵǰס
ֹǣ
ܹһ׼ӵҪѧԺʩչǿ츳ܻƴ˵ĸѧԺѴ̣ң׼ʵӴ󣬾ǿͬѧԺҲȻ
С֣

ܹһ̻ͷүӡ
үۣЦǺǵǴɣѧԺһǺģѧԱԳַԼˮ׼㲻ҪϹ壡
ǣǣ
ܹܼĵͷʾղ׼ֹֹͣаϺ꣬ƽʱôû
ۣ
ľ˫Ŀ֮ͬϵ飬֮дĸ߸ϣɫ׹ž죬˶
ҡҡͷƣ׶ȻȰ棬ľɣ
׶
˫һɣȦΧ𣬼ʹۣҲ˿˿ɼľŭ
ֻۣ
ľһ˫ٴγ֣츳֣
ü֮ѿһ˿϶ֻۺȻ֣һֻƺԽۣͬ췣ۣ֮أԽ顣
ʲôֻۣ
˾ֱţ׼ҵ۾Ȼеֻۣ
ܣ׼ҵ۾ԲӵģҼûеֻۣһλʦɫ䣬϶ĵ
Ҳǲ⣬ֻܵ۾һͷʹ
ȻˣСӹȻ½ƽЩСȻʡү̾һϳֻۣǱĽ
ܹܲźˮȶǷСʲôأ׼һŹԼ
񰡣ӱҰɣܹܲϵ
ۣ˵ˣûã׶̾һ̧һɫȨȳУɫȨһ֣Χƽһְһеʱ֡
ʲôȺٴδһš
ʲôѪܣ׼ûּܰʦ֮жǼ̫ľȣ׼ʲôʱļܣ
ţʲôûмǱ⣿үЩסˣҲ¶˿ȡ
ܹһλѧԺԱ֮£ˤɫ԰ס
λڰˣˣôһһݰܹһĬĬƺԼ³
У𣡡
Ȩһ䣬׶ϵĻϡ
֮Ī֮Ī
ߵĻ֮ߵּ⣬䣡
Ȩһ䣬ʱƽ˾ľķһɢľҲ۵һѪ³󲻸ʵĵ¡

һƬž
ִŵȫǣѧԱʦܹܣͷǵɴ۾
ЩǸеһֲ̫ǿǸصļܣǸеǰδеѹ
ʦ𾪣׶ľ츳ܣǾ֡
ܹڵϣĴң磬ûҸүվʣ׶ȨȸеһҪĸо·֮ʣһΥ棬죬ȻҪٴ׶һۣƾʧû˷֡
׶ȨȣȥҸ䣬ԹԵϥ
ðȺŷӦ׶һּɵľҲһּɵ
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໣ϴ̫˧ˣ׵ĹΧͻȻĳУȫСǣ׶ͬԼżδһӵǰ


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ΣѾȥ׶еһɣֻҪԼһΣϮɱЩɱֽΪǣ¶ɱ֣öԸĶ֡
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վӺ׶ûɱֹ֣Ϊ˴ͳˣ
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ͷһܣɨһ飬ȷûΣ֮׶һֻŮɱ֣ڸܵһ֮ʱ㬵뿪
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һ۷׶̸ıԼǰȻ֪ԷԼԲڳǰС
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һȥµڶ಻ۣͬҵ컹ûбϣһ̤̤𵴵
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һСڼǰϤСȴһεõôǮƣͷȥڼݴӦòھܾԼ˰ɡ
ڣһ꣬һŮڻӣֱֻ֣֮жԷ֮еһ㣬ԶҪһһӷֿС
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ϧһȾŮ㶯˵Ůȴһ۲۱ϴԹľɱ֣һǲҪԼСˡ
׶һЦһˣĿǰڳɳ֮У飬һпĳͷ
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Ůɱһǣͷһ࣬ᡣ
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ȹⱭеĺƣ촽ޣ׶һ굴

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½ڶ֮һѪ֮ǿޱȣӵǿҾͨħʵڴ½Ķдԣ½¾һֻ֪˯ĬĬػ½ꡣ
ȻЩֻǴԶѡ
֪ûǶ׶Щ䣬뵽˹ĽͼڣϧѾزȥֻ׷֮ȥ廳
׶ǰУٶȼ죬ңٶԶԶ׶һӣͬɽӣֻ׷ܹӿһЩ
׶죬ԼѾǾż۷ʵ벽׻ʾ֮е׵ţٶоԵƣɼʹҲȲ޷ϰﵽжôǿʵ
ֲĪ˹Сô꣬ûһ޳֮ͽԱúչ顣
ʵΣ׶ʵ
Ǳޣ֮жܵĴڣرһЩƷֵ˫ͬƽ֣ȴ쳣ǿ
һ£ʵ㣬һʵԼھͺ֮䣬͵ȵ壬ʵӦھң
츳ˣ񣬲ÿȵ֮ʱͽӵľʵԼ̿һЩΪʥҲǲܡˣǴ½һ󶥼Ȼ֮С
ʷϣһʱ峹׵ıϳʥϣʵӴ½ƳΪԵ
ǰ棡ңңһָɭָǣҶïʢڵסߵĴ͸ȻӦ
ΧΪСڶħѾȫ뿪еħޣȫŵɪɪ
ԶЩӵӶڽ̸ˣջвоƸȥһµ
ǰ棡
׶һǿ͸ķ϶ܹ׽ɫͬ澫Ļ죬޴͸϶ֻܿɽһǣ
һЩϺϵѹӾ޴
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ѹͬʱѹȶͬһɽѹϣܵǰеʹѣ걻˿ʹࡣ
ѹϣޣ񣬴һ˿Ʈ취ζÿһ˿Ŷص·򣬷Ǳ޷ѡ
ʹ׶׻壬ǾżʵҲ޷⣬ܹͷѹε׶ܹһЩ谭
欣ɺƽһһ˿װȴȻջ;ѹȶһвûС
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΢棬ҪǰŭΰĿ˹ˣǶҪϵ˹ھи֡
׶ϸϸеĺͬһ㣬ЩС˵дһ氲װװʲôβ
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ЦЦмĵһ棬һոսСѣ֪ʲôһȻ˻
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շܵĴ㲺֮ܶ࣬һտĵطһ޴ĿӶ߾ۼһ
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ô죿׶λĪ˹С֮ʵ
׶һۣЦ˵ôȻˣ

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ĳƺţ棬Ӣ۹ҫ
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ʵǿ˲½ʷ֮Уɳһ㱻ӹûµֻһȴ½ȻʵǴ½⣬ûж;ƾһƺţ½ǧء
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жһĿ⣬㿴֮ҫĿ˹ҫڴ½Ĺ
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˾һϳⶫȻı֮һס

¶ȼߣֱӽ󺺸Уϴ󺺵ʹ֮ϱ˿ȼա
ıܣͨĻ棬ıҪ治˿һУǣܹꡣ


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ʮһ Ů

׶뿪ùݣǰҪ׷ǸҰˣһܹþ˹һ㻹֮ûеĲꡣ
ͽѪ֮Կųǿ壬Ȼܹѿ˹Ŀ趼ʶĳ̶ȣҰ˶ȻвͬѰ
ܿһص壡׶⣬Ϊ߳ɰա
ңԷָҪȥѧԺӦҲҪȥѧġѧԺĹ涨ʱȥ֮󣬲ˣ׶жҲˡ
ΪһҡӦĿһ··УȻûзӰ
ң㿴һƤҰûУ׶һչħĵʵ
Ҳ쿴׶ϸһƺڹ۲׶ǷǸ׳һ㣬ҡҡͷĿ׶
У׶һ·׷Ȼûп꣬Ӱ٣ƺûгֹһ㡣
ԣǸ·Ϊʲôûأ׶̾Ұ˲ҰˣѰ·ȥҰ
Ұ˾ҰˣһƬɭȥѱȥˣոץһ˷ʴĴɵԭʼҰ˵ԸӦȥѱһ
׶ϹѰ˼Լһ·
ףŮùŹ֣׶ע⵽һŮӣʮӣòΪ㣬۾СһֺܿɰŮ룬ʼڳ֮⣬·һŴ˴Խִʱײ
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ŮΪҲߣԿ϶Բ׶֮£Խ˾̶ȣΪڴ·϶ʡƺֻǸҰܹȹһ
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һ˾һʯ֮ϣãĿźˮ峺ĺˮҫŮеãһ;ĺӡ
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׶ҡҡͷҴû񳯡룬ԸŮϣŵ֪ޣЩƾʷܹ֪Ƿڹ

ʮ ֯

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⵽ʲôطܹһصŮѰѰĵطعżλвɣԶʷ
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ڴ½޵ļ֮У׶ûп½ǰʷЩǳļ䣬δֹ
һŮƴѰңȻѰ½ǰʷǷ֤Щʲôѵ֮ͬĴ˵һʱҪĻѪȷ罫ϯ½
Դ񳯵Ůδ֪š
ʲôǻʳͳգ۾ɻĿ׶
дûһ˿ʣŨŨɻ׶ǲ⣬иԽŮ˵϶ĻʳĴڡ
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񳯣ȻڣӦǲģΪҲ˵ڣνŮѰֻǷ裿
Ҳ֪ܴ½ʲôɣȥһЩʷ鼮Ӧмأ׶Σֻѡ
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ƺûģ룬׼뿪ȥһط
ֻǣոת׶ȴǷ쳣ϾĮĿĶһ򣬴һ˿˿ɱ
һޢŮɱ⵽ģ˾
ŮעӵķһƬտɭ֣Χïܵɭֻ֣һ֪ĹżΧħ޵ӰӶûС
ߣŮһɫ
עӵͻȻӰһȺźɫ·˴վԳ񳯵Ů
˾ôӡ
ǣǾȻûŮ΢ŭŭأӻп֪ʶЩ˵ġ
˱Ƚ϶࣬аңǰͷͷˣվǰ棬ҲǴһѹѹϤѹ
˶Ǿĸ֡
ɳû뵽񳯻ڴ½ϣһ˾ȡ
ɳƵһϷʣŮĿų⡣
Ժеƾ񲡻ߵŮȻ񳯵Ĺ˵Ļƺһ񳯴ڹ
׶Щɣ½ص̫࣬һڹȴҲһϢһжĨˡ
ߣ񳯲࣬ЩҪɱ⣬񳯲ŹǵģŮŭĺǳ⣬Ǽ񣬴̶
ҲһЦëȻ񳯣ٺ٣˵ǹ㻹ˡ˷̵ֻһѣ񳯵ʱѾȥˣ
ٺ٣
ͬʱЦЦͷƤ飬ͬסһ̶
ܣƭңǲģŮȡ
䣡
̼ŮͻȻ䱬ǿѹѹȻǾѹң۳ΪһƣǾ׺ס
벽
ңŮڻһ׶еļµһֿľ޴
ӦѪɣ׶оϤѪЩƣ߲ֻ࣬ԴȪͬ
䣡
һ߱һҲǲͷ˶Ǿĸ֣ȻʵŮļ˶Ǿżĸֲ֣һЩࡣ
ս̱
񳯹ܷܷڿһ򵥵һȴǴĪϣ״ôһһ־޴񳯹ǰۡ
۵ٶȺܿ죬ͬڸһ㣬գۼͻ۳һ˶š
̣
˫ִµķ޴ֱӻֻ޸߹Ľɫˣ
һУŻ죬ŭ
ֻɫ˷ٳȥֱİ˸ˣɫͬˮһ㱼ӿŴ󺣵ĹѹȻΰѹ˴
˸ͬʱУȫıƴ˶ֱӵĴַܵżʵóͨЩǾϸֵ
֣ϵЩͬóͬһֹɣศɡ
һ޴ɫ̵˫ͫһֺߵĽƻ¶š
ɫķˣԾɫ
䣡
˶Ծɫɫڿз׷ɶ𣬱貵Ĺʣ˴߹ͲַպͺݶԾһ
һֱֻײһںϳΪһֻµķˣ޴ɫ˷ڿУ߸߸ӾŻߵϡ
Ծһ
ϷϮ˫צץھϣÿһ¶þʹ˻ʱϮţɫ۵ë䡣
һƴȥħڶԾʵȴھս

Ů׶ͷ¶ˮҧļû˿ֵ˼
ɫķˣͻȻһ˿鶯˸оƺһ̳Ϊ޷ˣĴڣһɫĻֱӴ³
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һ£ɫֱ³ֱɫͷ
İ˶Ǵʧɫ·磬˸˶Կһ벽Ĵܣǳط룬ҡҡ׹ɫҰס
ɫڽɫΧ֮п֧ţڶƴʱ
κһȵȥΪֲѣ֮֡
׶վһԣһСƨҸˣ׻ʾ׶˳ֻһ޺С
׶ע֮£ɫڿգǺԣԵɱɫѾ

ʮ Ůש

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ɫľݶİ֮£һԡ
ˣռϷ磬ɱӾ޴
񳯹Ͼһ˫ӣȻɱʮҵŮȴһɱ¾Ůս
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Χɫ䵭ûޣŲ˶ʱ䡣
ѪȻһô˿֧ţ΢ʱҪ¡
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Ӵ֮׼ķ٣ֻһЩŻ

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ΧɫǿҸʴ̱ǵζɫ֮ǿԣɫȼգΧɫ֣ͽɫĻ滥ɡ
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׼ȼ꣬ͬʱҲʹࡣ
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׶һ㶣ͷ񳯹ţഺ˵㣬Ժɣ׶Ȼ֪ʮ
˵񳯹ɫ΢å˵Ůש

ʮ Ұ˵

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ڳͬɵһ㿴ճɵСӣͻȻ˰ȡֵɣҪʲô
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׶վڳģ΢ЦĿŶЩ㶵ĺˡ
·ɱҧţԼȽ˧ӦòǺڴҧ𣬻ΤСˣǷΣƴĿģ
СӣҪΪ񳯹ͷĻˮɲһ˿ԽģҴûи߹˵ͳ˵ǣ׶ҳֶȻΪ꿡ܣҲӦǿһ֪񳯵飬Բͽ
ĸӺͲңκһġ
׶Ŵ۾գգҡҡͷ˹һҼںңԶĵطǴУû񳯵顣˵ҪѪ׶ŲҼҴ˵ˣлܹȢһҪ㣬ȻȢˡ
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׶ǲ飬Ȼɫһ䡣
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Ҳ԰ҵ񳯣˫׶ԽԽͣ񳯹Ѿ׶оֵΡ
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׶Ҳǽһ;սҶԷһ۷ʱܹĺ磬쳣Ŀ¡
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׶˫ֲ£ɫĿֲ׵˫ֻۼȻһȣ˫ַֿɫԪͬһ˫֮һɫбڲϢ
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֮£׶ɫ׵糤ʵǿƻȴûеһ˿Ϻϡ

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ʮ ˹ͬ

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ÿһŴ˶쳣ǿܹôпԭʼ棬ÿһ˶Сʹһȥ޺ļ꺢ͯ

˫һµĹ켣ǣ֮£ľ޴ٴηһ֮
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Ȼֻ֮˹δСʱżгҫʱĸпѡ
Ұ˳Ұ˳ĶŹۿ֮ϲãԵĪùۿ𵴣һ־ϵϴ񣬾ԽȻи̵ĸ
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ңΪһγ˶ûʧ˿ļ䣬ֶʣҪЩѾȫƵϡ
½Ϊص֯Ѿڷ˼֮ϡ
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þûпɰֳϣ׶мֳ϶һĶصķӡ̡
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ҲǰȰ˵òһͷҲɡ
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ҰܹĿɨ㵽ҰʵߵһҲϣһܹܸܴϣ
ҪŬͻֽϵȥɣܹһڣ΢΢ţʹҲĪĽš
Ұͷȴ¶ıԣһҲں
С˹վļͷһһ˽ӽ֡
һҰ£е̽Ѱͬһʱ䣬˹ҲǱŨͬʱŽɫڿ
˵ɴ۾ϸۿ΢΢٣ҲǼӿ졣
ͣ
ӽɫֵͬʱһĪѹȻӻԾ赲⣬ͬһ㻤ֵֵסһСҰͷ󺹣֮¶ƣҧҧٴǿܶ࣬ͬʱҲӵŨ
ٴǰɫѹԿһǰÿһ¶ǼޱȣͬǰУ
Ұɫ԰ףȻڼ֣ҧ촽ƴ֣СҲǳĲ塣
飡
Ұ˵ͬߵķһٱɣڣһɾ޴סȵķ¡Ұɫ԰ףѾʹȥϵСҲǻԹȥ
м䣬ƽ̨ϵĽɫâָԭ
ˣҰ˵ʧܣĸѾʧһ
ܹ΢΢̾˵ʧ䣬Ŀϣֻǣ˸ϣյҰˣϧҰȻʧˡ
ɽȥɣ
ǣɽͷЩ˶ҧȥͳҰһ㿪ʼɫֽйͨ
˺΢΢ɴ۾ǽɫĻٴγ֣ڴһ˿˿ϣͬʱɽֱӱɣܹܾ¡
ͬԹȥ
ɽҰˣֿһ¼ֵûУֱʧܡ
ܹҡҡͷɫ˼֣ѾκεϣˣϣԽʧҲԽʹҲء
˺е仯˺ܹʧԡ
ǻ֣˹˵صĶֵ󣬲һ˸޷ɹϵ׶ɽ΢΢ҡͷɽ˼ʵ˿ֿûСĿж׼ҰˣʵֿܹƬ̣Լأ
ԣӦò⣬ȻɳֱͿˣαЩСӦǻԵ׶һоԼƺҵ·
ȷոѧԺǿˣɳʥʲôˣһжԣⶫӦòոġ
ӦлᣡһżͷϽС׶Ƿɼ֣ƽ壬еĻߣԼ׻ʾӦмֻɡ
Сô׶
С׶һۣ΢΢ҡͷͬû£׶һһȫģᣬͬŮӵ
СȻĹһͷ
ţ׶΢΢ͷһһȻĬ
ȥɣָָΨһŮܹܲκεϣֻһˡ
ǣŮҲǵ䣬ȥԼҲǽŵҪһնûС
飡
⣬ɽһޣոշųŮӺͼͷϵСֱӱƷɣ޴Ľɶܹܼʱ֣
źŮӣϣֻʣ׶ܹܣСС
ûܹ˵ʲô׶һ£ͷȥ
ţӦмϣɣϾǸܹ˼־ְȥ˵׶岻ӣûлӴǸҲûжϣ
ϣܹ񰵵ࡣ
׶һɫֲԶСǿʼ
ã
񣬾糱ˮӿͬʱСͷŶصĻƽѹһӿǽɫĻ֡

ʮ ͻ

͸ͬʱСҲϵͷصɫӿ롣ԽԽԽƽ֣׶ͣоһҪĸо
ͣ
ոٽƽӿεסһ޷ԽıϣһС
٣Ȼ赲硣ͬʱһɾ޴ķѹϮһֻϮûһ˿ķֻܱƶѡ
ԭˣֲһͱȥ׶ǿɬлȻȴûһ˿ܹİ취
ԻƽϵѹԽԽ޿ײ룬źԶɾ޴ѹȻ͸֮ϵݵ׶ϡȫܵѹȣһϢĸо
׶ֻƴȫȫڵֵż۷벽ȫ͸һܹƤ׶ȻоżͻƽȣϺʹ󣬸ûһ˿ɱԡ
ӣܹ̾Ϣһʧж׶ͣһִŵĺӣδǰ;
׶Ҫסһ֧ģСͬȪϴҩ׶Ұ΢΢ͷͬʱԪȫӿȫֵ׶ղŵ˼Ϊֵס˿Ҳܹǣûоʵ
ҾͲţҵֵסѹ󣬻ƽǿĹâɫҫҫ׶֮ȴֲźš
䣡
ƽɫҫԻƽѹȻǰһֹͬһݣ׶޷ֵ˿ֻǿһ֧ţҡҡ׹ʱҪ¡
׶ҪͣСЩֻģ޷ֱӾǷܹɹ
ˣ̫ҵֵסˣ׶ֻۣ˯ĸоȫǼΪƣ
䣡
׶ʱ׻һ£һ˶ϴ׻籡ͬʱһɹŹƣϸƺһԴԹĸͳȴ֮С
׻˶ͬʱƽʱɢһգɫڣеѹɢһա
ô£Сգ۾ɴ۾ĴۿƽͻȻɢĪ׷ʲô飿
ֱܹܼ޷ԼǰһУԶ·Ƭ̣ЦããȻɹˣ׶Ȼ
ЦĺܿģˬʵЦҲķ⣬ܹ۾컯һ϶

ԭ׻ˣҵʹ׻ˣԭԿƽ֣Ǻǣǡ׶Ȼԣ׻֮Ȼûг˯Ȼ޷Լ壬Ӧ仯ǿԵġ
׻ͻȻ֣һӽ궯ʱҪ׶ƷɵĻƽѹûлƽƣ׶Ȼͨ˻ƽ֣ŻƽѹİȻǻƽֽһڤڤ֮еϵ
ֻǣϵܴҪͣļӳ֣ͨϵԳɹϵƽ֣ޱȵı
лƽػͬʱҪӴӳ֣˲ſл⽣ѧԺ治֪ı൱
Ȼ׶ڣŵĵһ̻ԾĿʼȡ㼣׶һϲһִ󷢺ĸо
ּȻҪͻƵ˼
׶Ǿż۷壬һͻƾǾ֣Ϊһǿֻо֣ڴ½ϲŻһλ˼ҲŻᵱ̲ˡ
ǺǣȻû뵽ɹͻƽֽϵܹ֮ͻơҲ֮УƶеԪȫֿƽһ֮ͻƣǻ׶ǺƶͨͻƵֶΡһ˽ƿ֮󣬿϶ҪĴ߶Ѱͻͨ˵ƶõֶΡ
ãһָ֮һͻƾʱ׻Ҳδ򿪣ҵʵ׶ϲ
׻̫棬ܣʵ΢׶޷ε̽ѰһͻƵڶΣżʱǿʸȥ̽ѰеİأѪ֮еܣҲܹʹá


ո׶һ壬ֻȫģƣһһ֮еоڣԪ㣬ѪҲգԪ
׶ȴ¶һĨЦݣȻɫЩҰס
ȵһظָѾ磬ʱٱչͻƣһͻƵ˳ǻƽ֣̽Ѱ׻еܣ׶ϲ
һׯԼǰһ̹;
һƽɫڷҫ׶ϳֻƽɫââ֮кȻǻƽ֣⻤Ѿ׶΢ľϵһ׶ָͿƾϵ֡
ܹ˵⻤һװ׼׶üԵ΢أ˵ƺ֮Ҳһƽ׼
ܹյĻƺڰʾʲô׶һֱ⡣
׼Ǵ֮УҾͿͨӦȷװλãڵǲ

һµʱȻʱĺܿ죬رˡ
һʱ䣬׶û飬Ͽζȥܹܵ׶ǳΪѧԺʷϵһλԹ󡰷ּӿεѧͬѧĽ׶ĵǣѩٻŮȴƢ󷢣Ҫܹܵ˵ͣ˵Ҫ׶һ٣˿Цá
һһʱ䣬׶Ѿ۷壬ʵϣʮǰ׶Ѿãڱս׶ӲͷƤֶʮ졣
üͷչ׶ʮ㣬¾㱸Կʼˣ
һ׶ڡ
ڱƽˮԪ׶һ֮̿ʼڣԪ֮£ӵ֮ٶȷɿĳҪԵľȫ
ڶĵһҪ
ҪȫͨȫľԪȫϴ۷壬ϸ˲ܿʼͻơż۷ĸֶڴ˴޷ȫһֹڴˡ
׶ȫѾϣҳĺɣźųƹǿԪٶЧʶӡ
ԪڿתʱѾͨȫȫתܹ͸ȫĻԷ֣ӵΪģɫԪͬ˿һ㽫ȫš
䣡
һ΢ĺ׶ڴֻ׶Լ֪׶Ȼǿʼϵļ
䣡
ϣһǵεס׶ǰĽŲ׶ͬһ֪ƣĿڷǰͻƱϡ
һδʧܣһδͻơ
꣡
᲻ɴι̵ı׶֮£ڳЩ϶׶΢ʤ⡣

ʮ ׻ʰ

ڶĽ׶ΣͬʱҲΪؼģϵĹؼݲð
ңһʼѣĺ滹иε磬Ҫľʱȥú̽ѰˣҪ
壬ӴѹһʵγɶصΣǾĹؼ֮ͬҲǾǿӵеʱ
Σǿӹɣһһµĸֻ϶Ǵݿ㵹£һ֮ء
ͻƾıϣڵԪŻڿʼϵĳһδβ֪ƣ룬׶ҲԼʹţһδͻ֮ʱľ޴ʹ࣬ĵʹͬҲҪһδʧܺʧ䣬Ҫġ
䣡
̲ϣڿԪη³֮¶һ˿˿˥֮ϵѷ죬΢Ѿ׶ϲ⣬ʤ⡣
һͻƵģʱʵĹؼ׶аϲǶ˶
һ׶ε׶ûʲô̫ƣͬĶԿȻռϷ磬ʼղʣԿԽüĶԿ׻ʾ׶˿ûз֣Խˣ׶Խ棬עһĹֻһݣֻʼ޷ھ졣
׻ˣ͹һ챦ʼմɫʣʮ㵽ʲôڣׯϺƴ׻ʵʲôⶼ׶Ҫ̽ѰġֱѪѣ켼ܵĳ֣׶Ǳ⣬ʵĵ΢
һֻҪͻƾһжǿׯ̹;ƽơ
ͻƣ
׶ӹһ˿˷ܣƴȫԪȫƿǷģһ޷ͻƿΪԺɾͻƵıϣҪ׶ܵˣ޷ͻơ
׶һǰʤ֮ض
䣡
ԪŨĿҪ̻ͬˮһ㣬ӿϮһδβ֪ƣĳÿһζ쳣ңƴȫ
ˣˣ
׶ѵ촽ʤ⡣
̵ıѾ˿˿ѷ죬ѷӣսϣǧ̻֮Ѩ᲻ɴݵıս
˿˿
ڵľΪȵʹãԪ񱩵ĳѾ˿˿ʹϮȫĵʹ࣬׶ҧҧżһ˿Ѫķ
䣡
һ̣һ죬΢ֻ׶һ˿˵׶ȴǾ޴Ļϲ
̵ıϣιصıˡ
䣡
Ԫҵķڣȥһ˿ͨ͸Ķ׶ڵԪٴ󼸷ƴ󲿷ֵԪͨ͸һδβ֪ƣ롣

ڵԪڲϢ˳ͻƣٴ۶һǿĸоȻ׶΢Ȼƣ룬ϲÿ֪
ǾĸоǺǣȻͬ׶߬߬ȭͷһ޷˵ĸоһ̺ؤ֮ĸо޷ԽĲࡣ
׶׻ʹڵܹʩչ۷ʵңԿ֣ƾǿ׶ԽԷѹģֻǵ֡
ζֱۣһ򵥵Ķ׶ȴǸоĸоڸԼһָǿĸооҲӣΧУָоʮֹ׶Լķһ˿ĴڣǹصıԴ
׶ֲλĺԶ
ͣ
׻Ȼ׶ǰɫתɫ֮УнɫâҫɫһִȻİɫȴζͬ
üĴ׻ʱԴӡѾ֣һ㣬ͣԾ
׻Ҹ׶˷ܡ
׻ע֮£ޣ͸ֻǣ׶֪ûʧĸܵĴڣѾ׵ĺ׶ںһ
һ
ң㡣
˵ӴԺ׶׻ˮ齻ڣԺҲû׻
ͣ
һ˿˿Ԫ׶ڱŷң׶üĴ׻ʱԴӡҲ궯ƺҪüбŷ
ͣ
һ׶ͷһ׹ӲҫϵĻʹֱӳ֣ȵĴ׶ͷͬʱһѹһеΧĿռĪİȼ֡
Ԫ׶ԽԽ࣬ͬһ㽫׶ûУԪʣ׶˸ǣͬһһ㽫׶С

䣡
ĳһ̣ɫĴ룬֮Ϲâֺɫٻڴ֮ڣ󣬳ĬеĴȻѶ
һɫӰƼ
ϽɫͷڣʱϽɫâҫһͷƮݵɫ˳ϸۿвʱһЩɫ˿棬Ƚҫ
ȻƼ׶
۾׶ޱȣһǳȥͻ޷԰Ρ
ڤ⵽ʲôΪλ׻֮У׶üͷ¶ɻ
Դˣ׻׵ʧ˵׶ںһ׶ʱٻ׶ڳں֮ʱһڤڤ֮еǣ׻֮һصӣԹ֮дһ˿ޱȣ֮жҲټ
׶ѰܾãȻûջ׻Ȼȫգʵ㣬ֻ̽Ѱǰѣںʮ㻹ǲ֪ҲӾͲʮ֮С
׶Ҳֻ˰οԼԴɻ
ȻûӣѾ׻е׻ʰ壡׶Цоһɣֵĺ
˴Σջǳ񣬸޷ݣʱж̣׶Ҫʱȥںϡ
׻ʰϵıٺ٣׶ǰδеš
һѾҽĴ룬׶üͷ壬ֽ뻯ɻҽ
֣Ͷ㶼Ī
ϣƽְȻû˿ܣƽҲڣһ΢΢Ĳϵ׶⻤֡
ʱˣ׶ϥأƽ֮£Ԫʼƽ֡

ʮ 

ƽһֱѧԺ֮У㱣籣һأΧĸֲʮˣиĸػпܴʥ
һصĶػⶫǲ
׶˫鵭ȻĻۣͻ֮ٴαǣǰδеǿ˵ǰֻһСϪĻǺͬն̫̫ࡣ
΢ֱӿ֮ϵ׶·һСֱӽƽ֮С
ɫĿռ䣬׶ۿһɫ磬ŨϣһҪϢĸоӷŭʬĲңľս
ɫڽɫĿռ֮ڣտյĿռ䣬˽ɫʲôûС׶ĴĲ鿴ʲôûУ⻤֣Щ֣Ҫͱ﹵ͨڱ֮Լؾӡ˲ɹ
׶Ĵ˰죬Ҳûзκκ֮ӡϣͲͺñһ⵰ͽıڣﶼҲˣͻȻ䷢ּĿ²Ŵֵǵıأ˷֮ȴǴ򲻿һͷЩס
׶ҧгݣ޺޵ĿɫƣһҪĳ嶯
ֻдЩˣҲֻҪһЩ׶ռ֮нɫ֮տյģҪӡֻбЩ֡
Ʋ࣬ҲɫķģϸۿĻһԾСĴ裬һŷĶѡ
׶ץһģΪֵϧͬһԵһ׶֮뿪ʲôûץüûа취ץסЩɫһûа취ûС
ͣ
֮ϽɫԪۣ׶׼һģһ죬ֱӴ˹ȥԪڿлֱӽĻС׶һץһֱ֮ӽЩץסͬһɫСε΢΢
Ȼɫ΢΢һ׶˫֮һ˿⣬ЩСһץס׶㶵Ļ뿪
ǡ׶ۣþãеĹâɢȥԲͨĹâһӰһɫӰ׶УˣɫӰװǻƽ֡
ƺܾЩɫ֮С׶Щߵķģȣʲô
֮׶ִȴЦݣһŷı棬ϸۿЩĺȻǸղŵЩСġ
ͣ
ɫķεȻ㣬ĹںһһµķģӴһЩҲ
ܾֻҪǳɹںϾӦ֪ˣ׶ۣһּԽԴ˷ܡ
֮һɫķĳ׶УĵӴСǰСɫĹڷҫһͲǷңĹŨʵһ㡣
׶ۣĶϽɫģӹɫĹâǹâ֮кȻһɫӰӰ趯ƺ˵ʲôһ㡣
׶˴þãŷӦ󲻷һԣһӡ͸ֱӷɫ֮УĽɫҫһ£ûֹ
ˣ׶ڽƽշԼӡʽɹ
нɫķģǻƽֵĺ֮׶૵ԭˣǺǣн֣ƽʱŪˣ
˻֣õܶϢΪֵˣˣǵӰ֮еõϢ𾪵Ϣ
⻤ֽ֣һͨ쳹׵ıӵǿҪ⻤ֲһѣһװһװ׶ӵеֻһԻֶѣĲֵȽϵ͡
ǽɫӰһɫװȻһ׵װװܸޱȣ׶һӰ𵴣֪
Ҫ⿪װֻнװȫ룬ѾܹܵĲֻǸӦǿѣʵ׶Ʋ죬ֵʱڤڤ֮иоɢڴ·ϣΪʵԭǾ̫ԶӦģ޷׼ȷȷ
˻֣Ӧһĵ飬׶ȴɫ
ⶫǸָĻɫʱըûɶܹӦˣҲܹӦңԺе鷳ˣ׶һϲ鷳ˣ˴ȴ޷㿪
װͨ쳹أòۺ죬ҪѰǿʵ׶˵ǳҪͬˣҲһõһȻҪõĲǿ϶ģδЩװ˽һսԴװĹ
ˣǿʵ˵ûʵһжǿ̸ңǽַ׻ռ֮ڣ˸о׶аֶοһı
Сֱ飬׶ع鱾塣
΢⽵ವһֱӰס׶˫֣ҫԭ׾ʧһգ㿴ǾӦеķɣ׶ϲͬʱܵһۣҲԼͨȫ׼֮󽫷Ӹǿʵ
׶ϸϸһüͷ𣬡⻤ȷܴ󣬴ԣȴջŬʵҪʱȫװʱ֪װȻнƽӹ
װϾͰ¶㱦ﵥһͱѧԺϸ±ĳװҪ·κһ͡йصֶǲҪСġ

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׶֮ڣ׶ϥڵϣüͷϸϸĴüͷʱչƺԽͷѾܲϸϸĺˮ˫޴۳Сɺˮ¡
׶۾ӹһ˿⣬һ˿ƣ֮ɫѵ촽ЩɬΪ˾ȻʵǿˣѶҲӣһչǰȲ̫ࡣ
Ϊÿǰһ¶Ǿ޴ĽҪԵ
ˣ
׶˼ʱſŵע⵽ո˳ڷӵ棬ûжںѧԺʲôѧԺᴦû뵽Լġ
˭أ
׶˼һ£š

棬ϥ׶±׶һۣװ׼һ֧ܲӣϢݣء
ɫ׶ʵʲô£
˻شżһţϴ󷽷дšĸ֣ߣһЩײࡣ׶ɨһ۽£ʵʲô飿
ûˣ
ȥɣ
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뿪֮׶˸ɫЩţǶһʣȻԣĸ񲨵ϰߣдǸֻ֣֮һ֪żαǲûɡ
ֻǣΪĸַʽţѵʲô飿׶룬ֱӽŴ򿪣ϸϸж
֮׶żɫˮһɵɱܡûжʲôֻǸ֪ԴὫڼڵʱ򷵻زμԴᡣ
׶ۣĸָ֡
߲ơ

ʮ Ϣ

Դ᣿
׶ۣɫһڷ߶ϸϸ˼Դ᣿ߺʱҪˣҽһȥѣ˵ĵǹûʣһѣѾú޵˰ɡ
˵˴ԴὫһĴٿڲԴᣬС֮һҲһй׶ҪúΪƣȻʵм䶼һʽĳĸ񲨶ȻĿ֮д´š
ңҺ͸ţ㾦һ٣׶룬̹ܶࡣ
˼أ׶Ȼ⣬ٲŽÿ¶Ҫдϼ⣬ⷽʽݻȥȷְȫ
ڷ˼׶¶ɱЦϴεĴɱȻû˵첮ʱʾѾԣ֪ܲңưλãڶǺúñܣ޷аѾ̫ԡ

׶ôҲ㰡ڣСɿųĴѰ׶һˣ˰춼ûҵ
տյӰҲҲ˰ҲҲ׶С˦˦ԴôҲ벻ط
УұҪҵ׶ϢһҪҲҪ֪ȻĻȥˣСĴɳۿʼѰ׶
ѧԺɽ֮ء
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׶ϸѧûнУ浽Σ׶ǲ֪Ϊѩٻʦֹһε׶ÿζĹ뿪׶ûа취һԺܹܶβܵѧѩٻֻܾѡ
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ޱţüЦƺ뵽ʲô飬ǻ۵Ĺâм˿
ߣһץİѱӲҵġܰޱţߣҪΪҵķҪǸ²У
ҴҵܹҲ֮һգǱܶȥӣ·ǼµĺԤı
ϹޱϤһ׶СԺ֮С
СԺһֹϣһ֮ءԺ׶סΪ׶ӣֻСһӡ׶ճ츳֮չ־ʵһ1000ֵʵ׼ͷ׼ܹܱǲ˹ػ׶ȴǾܾˡԺ֮Уֻ׶Сˣżֻ׶ĸӡ
ߣڴװҪܰңһԲģһӼζɵޱཱུĿǰСԺƽϢ
ޱܽƣûˣΧһƬž͵Цŵ׶ǰЩ
һץİѱװƭңޱС͵ݾߣһš
ûϸһȵĺˣ׶ƺ˯û
ޱȴƬ̣ȻˣŰġйâһ޳ָϣָָȻһϸ׶׶͸һӺ¶źâ
ָĵŷ֮䣬ǴúľȥҲֻ˲ſԱܿ͵͵롣
Ƭ̣ϸ׶ŽӴľޱһϲ̧𡣺ľڱ׶֮£𡭡
Ŵ򿪣ޱԼĽŲ߹ȥżֻ֮ͷĴһۣû֮İŹϡ
䲻һӳƵϢЩƣЩңЩ൫һ֮ͬǾɫ֮֮ȫǾɫļ֮ɽ֮֮ƶ֮־ɫϤС׶Ĵ齣Ҳǰڷ֮ǰһӣ滹һûɡ
û뵽ǸŶյˣľɫûϸ۲Щ羰ǸûɵľɫЩޱЩȣͬʱ׶ӡЩĹۡ
һԱն꣬ȴܹôϸµķ羰ͼܹһ֮սͬһˣ񻰣˷ɫʡ
ޱ֣ԼƺԽԽ桭
ŵ˹ȥڽӽ齣ԶԶһ׶۾˯ĺɫ󣬺ղ԰һ㲻ͬ׶һ㲡̬ҲûУ´Ļܹɽϻ
ߣ֤ݣȻװƭңҷ˰ɣޱԽĵ׶״̬Ѿ֤ʵԼ뷨ȷԣ׶ȴװ
һ㷢Խޱ׶ôһˣԼδķһ֮ʣΪʲôҪװһ֮ʱѵʲôأ
ߵ׶Ĵߣ׶Ȼûüͷƺεʲô顣
еС˧Сƨ˵ġ
ҪļĿװƭң
ޱԽԽ˷ܣҴҵֱ֣ӱ׶ıǶȥץס˷֮£·𿴵׶ľ̬Լϲã͵һ
峿һ캰м𣬾Χʳķݡ
ɫǣ¶񣡡
ŭӷԺӺһֱӱ򿪣ޱ߷ͨ׿
ڣ׶˯ۣ͸ŵЩۡѾˤڵմ˳׶壬쬵С磬һɢСȻ
׶˯СԱ˶ñ˷֣һδĻƻŮӣѹߵͨ뿪
̽ʹȻ׶ۣ¶˼Щ黹Ǹ㲻
ޱոСԺһ֮ʱ׶Ѿ

ϴҴҶǶԼ飬ֻڸ˿ȴһ˻еһʱΪ̸һЩ٩٩̸˵бۣƺۼ֤е顣
׶һĴСԺ֮УţȻҪ
ֻǣޱȴͨһϣʱʱ߬Сȭͷķߺޣ˶ڱıԵŭ죬˼һЩӶΪйͰСһٺ⣬ڲʱʹ
˷ȴǳΪ׸йڳ˻汾һ㣬Ϊ

үղ˸ţ˵һүģС߹ݹһţŷš׶
ֵپ֮дһ˿ᣬ̸ϸᲢõҲСɡ
𣿡
кâŷ⣬̯ż
˺þãżֱȻڻ֮ҽƮɢź׶¶һ˿ŭ
Լ㵽Ҫʲô֪٣

 

Ĵۣ׼ҽкӵԴᣬ˷ʢզ½һע˶ڹעĸ
ʳǳˣ
Ϊ۹ģ½۵ģʳǳһ־󣬸һֺͷʿ˷ӿʳ֮Уɫ֮˷ܣƺڵһ㡣
һ𣬻ʳǳ׳Ϊ½㣬һһᶯҡ
׸һ֮ڡ
ɫҴž㶵ķ֮һ˿˿룬֪Щʲô
ƤԲΣ޳ģһһЦһӦƤõİޱʱȴüͷһŨŨġ֡ڶͷϳ֡
쵰Ҳ֪ǸôȻȻ˯
дʣƺ뵽ʲôһͨŭֻȱһӾͽױ
ޱſڣ֮ͬˣ˵Ϲܰ
ޱһСԴüͷ˼ʲôż죬ԿɰƤ
Ϲ߽ܰޱһӣЩɻĵޱôˣﲻý㿴˵žҪޱǰ
Ϲܰһƫϵְҵҩʦ߱ǿ󹥻ΨһֶξܹʿʹһּΪߵְҵȥѡ񣬶Ϊҩʦ˶ҲŮԣˮҽҽ¡
ޱҡҡͷܰ㣬û㲻òˣҺܺһ㲡ûУֻЩ顣Դڿ˼
Ŷ飿ϹޱһۣЦ黹˰Щ˿ǿڲģģʼղԸ˵пķǡ
ޱһܰ㾹Ϲ˵˼ҲûǸ¶񣬾Ȼ·˯˵ͻȻһ죬Ŀһ͵ЦϹޱСȥ򣬡ܰû˼һ

׶ëʣֱȫע֮ʣ˫Ŀȫ֮پᣬһ˿صĹ죬±ʣ֮ʱȴûһ˿վǰһӣһδɵĻ˻׶ġ
һһ̺⾳ȥͬȻ֮һжǺг
׶Ŀȫۼһ֮ϣҵĿʼ棬һһ磬һҶһᣬյ׶ȫͶС
þáһʹɣȩ̈ȴһ˿ź֮վ޷ʼҪȱ
ѱʷ£׶ע⵽һѾȺС࣬·һѵĹżɫЩ鼮΢΢ƣЩѾҳ뿪ʼʴϮ֮£һж޷ֵ֮
ү㻭ĺðһ֪үôƯүͷҪ֪϶ܸˡС۾Ц绨ү⻭׻ʲôͷҪɽһ¥
Сɴ۾ϸϸĹۿīδɺԣеĲɣ˿ȴһۣǱ⾳˴ìܡ
ŶͷȷҪɽһ־򣬾Ҫɽߣ֮С׶ָ⻭еɽ
СүͷôôɵƹȥͺˣΪʲôҪɽأôɽƲߡ
Ҫиھͺˣôɽ϶⡣
׶һ˿⣬תͷС࣬ʵ׼ôˣҵ
Сָָһ鼮Թүָ֪ʹ˼ңôصġԹС͵Щǹ֮飬ö඼ǼصĹ±ҪүҸò
׶ã֪ˣθһ͡
С۾г£ֻɻλ֮үһŪɣСһ塣

ҹǺһʹڷĻʳ֮У׼ҲһƬȻԶ볾ڴ˵Լ㾲ס
ֻУҹһЩ죬綯ӣЩζ
һԺ֮У˵ؿտˣûһˣжûУ׵Щ֡ƹ谵ֻһյ͵ưڷԺʯ̨֮ϣһ𲻶
ϸۿԷ֣ʯ̨ԱߣŻ͵аʯ̨ϻڷ豭һЩ㣬ƺڵȴʲôˡȻû˿ĲͷżǿգԵ֡
ʱˣҹ
ƹ谵͸ղȸİʱҪϨһ㡣
ಣ
һɫӰͻȻʯ̨Աߣл谵͵һ䣬޷ˣںҹ֮Ӱȫ֣ҹ
ʯ̨Աߣû£һɫСڣ֮˵ǶԸϲ
ʯ̨Ա߾İҲȣͬһôˣҪǱǲ˵
˵ˣҸղȥһۣڷĵĺܣˡ
û˵Ƭ̲ʵܣҪǿµֽţܲһ˵ܱ֪в֮
ԼģƶԷһ֮û֪
ŶôģǾͶһɣû׼껭֮ˣ˵˼ЦһתΪܹаûаִǲûػ
˵λػҵ飬˵˶аһаҰҵƺʧܹ
˻¶ŨŻ˿˿Ҳı⡣
˵ڴȴ˰ѣһ£ˣ
˵עһ㣬׼˵ͬձϼ廹ǵʮ㣬㲻ҪץŨļɵҲв֮⡣
֪
˻һ䣬ҹ֮УԷ֡
˼ȴҪˣҹɫ񵭡
СԺԶ׶Ӱֶһۻȴİֿһۺ뿪ķг
ͷһ˿âںڰ֮вǺۣ׶Ӱʧ

Ӱҹգҹɫװı׼ҴȥɡԺƺΪϤݱܹ׼ѲߵĶ飬ͬһ㣬֡
׼ҵѲ߶飬ʵǿСӵĶӳǾżʵĶԱҲ߼ʵÿ֧ʮˣһӳ;Ա˵ĴںкϹ޶
Ҵ󣬴׸ƶ˵ǳϤԴݱܹеѲ߶飬׸̫ˣķѺþòŴԽӽλá
˴ӽ׸ĺĽأѲ߸ǿ󣬲ʱһɹǿʶɨһѲ飬ǳܡ
ȴһҲżʶѲݵȥʱʶĿյץס
һδϤıܹν׸طڵĳ㴦ӡ
˴Խأһ֮⡣
ͨϽɫ죬磬ѾԽʹ֮ڵĹ˶Դ˷ǳϤĴһ£롣

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˷ǳϤһͥŲҹ֮УĹ֮ڣػٴαȫʿԴ޶ãδţƿţ˽ȥ
׶Ӱһɽն֮ڣ鵭Ȼ͸ɽ֮¶ķ϶ݿǰ
˴ػฺ棬ϷһˣӦǸϿյķ׶׻֮£˵ضûʲôء
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ĽٴΣûضƣ޷ԽУʹƵ֮Ҳ޷롣
׻֮£ɫҹձò֮ͬǰɫĽתػŹ绹پػ˵ءһ㣬˵һʧ
ϵĹ֮Ϥ׼ңΪʲôΪʲôѵǡ׶ۣǶǰĹ
գһİ׼ȴͥŲͬԼӺ԰һеĶĿͰͬһ㣬ݾÿһأܹȻȹϹĽȺģΧػ֮ѾϤӡ
ҪܹЩ͵͵ȥЩѡ׶ۣʧ
һ֮ǰ׻͸֮£˽ֻһԤƣһ˴ڵ˽֪
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֮ǽƵ㣬ӱһֳĽƷȻǶԽƸӾͨҲǳϤĸ֣ԽƽƣǲǽƵ
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׻Ϲҫɫ˫֮ûκεĸ飬׻֮£ͷʽȫ͸ĺ͸ֻ򵥵һ֣ǿҲһ֮
ͣ
׶һֱָӵⱡ֮׶һָεǿ׻ʾȻû̫Ĺطͨǿ֮ӹɣ׻֮壬׶˵˫ͬױ޽С
һָ֮£ƺȻѣڴ˴Ƶѭƻ˽Ƴ׵ɢҲɢһա
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ףȻˣ׶üͷһոҪƵڶƣȴǷһӰſǸѾӹ֮г
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һ·˳뿪͵һɫƣҫһֶص֮£Ľȫɴû˿赲
Ӱն뿪һ۷ʧҹɫ֮С
ͷβλڴ˽䱸ʿȫȻûпһ㡣
ʧ׶ٴСɽֶɫȻ׼ҴôҪϵгҪ֮λͨɱҪɱ׶ûзϣһˡ
񣬿Ѿ˲֮ģһˣ˲ôΪ

һ׵ҹ֪δǷ񻹻ˡ
һӣ׶Сչ쳣Բڴ壬СԺ֮дţÿ쿴żҪһС࣬Ϸһ£ڻ˵Сÿζߵͷ͵͵ģһഺڼСþ׶ôһլе̣
һĹ׸ҲǴһֵϲ֮УĴܳȫʼȻһź񣬶ĴӹϵȻޱܣС֮以ཻ顣
˵ĵطнһˣˣȥֺ֮гҡ
Ը񲻺ϣΪͬʵ˾һȻˣʼ˻ڿ֮ڡĴϱĳ߶һֻ۱һֻۣûпҲȻҲУҺᷢʲôȻ̬ȺͳһȫûǣսС֮ĦȻԽԽҡ
󶼷ȺսĴԾӢɼ飬Ĵ忪ʼսһȴϱյ³
С֮ҲǸֲĴʵ͵Ҳչֶ
ĸĿǰûг֣Ͼı̫ǿ󣬼ʹĴľĸҲ޷ʱȹ
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˼ҵʮ㣬ޱĸ˾ȻҲоżΪĴǴ˲֪һż־ǰǿޱı磬˵Ǹֲ˵һ˧磬ɫͷһºĵ΢Цгʵ֮ºܶĴڵŮӶͶͱ
鱨Ұһ壬ĴΪһżֻһǰ峤ĹӣɣǾżڣҲóս
λż֣óȥ½ܣ·νĳΣĴĵӴﵽͽӽż½
սȻ٣ÿһ׼Ҷսϣʼõ㣬Դ٣սķͷԽԽңûꡣ
׶СԺ
۵ű˴򿪣Сһ·СܽȥҴææ׶үˣޱСˣ
ɶˣ׶һһֱӴӼ׵ֱͷһͷԴĳˡԱĲȺñ֣Ӿûͣ
ʼãƽһʱ䣬ޱһͷŭСĸţѵ׶Ի׶顣
㽻֮£׶û˯ù
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һշӿ½еĿȫ۹Ļʳ֮УʿΣȫȴǸʱ̵ĵ
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Ĵۻ֮ʢᣬҲǽ½һδʢᣬҪ΢ʱᣬлʲôأ
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죬ĴԴҪʼˣ㣬ҪȻϲˣ
ֲ֪ļҿʤҿǻ˺öĽ𰡣Ҫʧ˿ǻģ
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Ĵ壬ʿ׵ķʳɽ˺¥Ĺ֮඼Ϊ󲿷ӿУȴĿʼ
ļҼڲԴͷ㣬ųԴʳҪۿʢ硣
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ڵ׼ң˴ֵ׼졣
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˴βĴĵӺһЩҲȫĴսȻܲһЩų档
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ϯ̨Ϸ׼Ҵܹ˳һ½ɫߴһֻλߵϣһ׼ҾӢһĿվ𵴶ʮ˵Ķȴˡ

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ĴڲԴᣬ˴׼Ҿٰ죬λĴˣ׼Ҵִܹܸ˴δᣬϾĴ峤λ̫ߣּʢỹ벻ǡ
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׼Ҵܹɨȫûж˵ʲôμĴӪĴĵӶǾȫȴűĿʼⳡսѾȴþãŭȫҪڽշйңһܹõõĳɼڵķǿ϶ˣԺƽҲ롣
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Ĵ˴αȫʵչĴķɣ׼Ҵܹ߰Хһ
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׼ҴܹܻͷõĴĿ϶֮˵ʾվػ׼뿪׼ɢվվŷҡ
׼ҴܹĿ֮ǰȥǰһ޴ļ̳̳ʮɴС϶裬ֵ߰ҲֻдǺʵ׼Ҵܹϼ̳վм䣬֮һƴСľӡ
˾׼ҴܹܵȫʿĹעɫľӣ֮ĥľ棬յľɫӵıԵȴƵ棬Ƽ϶֮лһЩԿϡ֮Բһɫ֮Ӵûһ˿ķ϶
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˵ɴ۾ϸۿӣĴ干ͬӵеıأһΪҪٿ½ԴŻó
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׼ȷڶ֮ϣĸͬʱ롣
Ĵͬʱ붴֮ʱɫ𵴶
ͣ
һ֮ɫתֱֱӴڶ֮УƬִ֮ӵڶ֮м֮Уĸ֮С
η䣬һɫƥͬһ㽫ĸϵһΧм񾵡
䣡
һ̣Ĵɫһ𱬷˵ɫţ޴ɫųһɫķӳͬһصһ㡣ɫʡ
ͣ
ɫγɵ˲䣬񾵾֮ϱɫֱƿնֱ֮ӳ
μ䵽һ߶ȣֹͣľȻۿɼͬһӰ㾹Ȼѿһƴɫ¶
ȴǴһɫĹΣ˵Ŀ⣬õĻһ㡣

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һĳɳչеɫɫҲԽŨ
ɫڹâڰй󶼱֮е߿֮ɫҲСʧеĹȫһɶ
Уֻһ޴ɫȻš
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ƴС̳ΪȫʿĽ㡣
һСھ֮УСȥǺܴΧǺˮƣһµͬԲ״Сھ֮УⰻȻС϶ɫ׳ĴǣȫһƬɭֵĺ
Сһ֣ס˵Ŀ⣬һЩ˸ȵĶСۿҪڶڳ˵ҪС
䣡
ȻϷһɫŨĹǴĴӿɢͬһ㿪ʼาǶȥתۼһεɫĻڿг֣ɫĻϵľɫ·СϵľɫȻͬһˮɫµ
Сأ
һЩսʿ֮д˳֪ڣ˷Ӧ
ɫĻϵСȻһĿռ䣬׳ΪСأԳͬ½һ㣬ֻСѡ

׼ҴܹͻȻһִһϹ⣬ϹֱӴ̳ϵС֮СС΢΢𶯣ԷһɫĹââһɫŴϯ̨ǰ
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ڰ ɱӿ

Ĵ׼СأԴϿʼ׼Ҵܹվϯ̨Ϸĺ˴δʽʼ
ԴᣬĴƻ֮
Сأ˵֮ʥֲܹСͽ棬ʹʥҲ޳ʱά棬СôȶӦòʥΪ׶˼ĿɫĻϵСŬкЩһһ֤
׶֪ܶ࣬ѧԺ׼ҵĲ֮صϢЩʵЩſڿӻߵƾܲûиݡ
ܹӡ֤һЩ
Դᣬħħ㵹Ǻͼ࣬һⶼûУͻôһס׶ֹţзһδĹغͷ㷽
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˵һǲͬģ֮󣬾˾ʥǿߣԺǳҪҪΪʥ»
ʥĹؿڣ壬ƣʥĳΣ˵ҪҪ֮УҲϴѪ⣬ΪԺɷ׼ȻЩװ˵װԱʥǿߣȻҪڶһЩ顣
;ȻͬΣҲͬ
Ҫͨ
˺Ҫһ㡣ͨǺСɵľ磬ͨӳֱԲǾֵʹɵͨͨǿսͻƵ۷壡
ʥϵͨ
ݸ˵ͨսҪԺշ໥֮أԴ˽򣬴ͻΪʥ֣׶лװԡ
Ȼָ˵ңҪ̽Ѱ˵ص
룬׶ǿʼҪָԼΪͨ⻹Ҫϸǡ
һƬϲޱͬʱ뵤֮УʼӴԪھ֮СЩԪһ̷ǣžߡͬʱҲЩľѪ⡣
ֿԽԶĴͣʹдͨ߰߱ҲأĪĿ顣
׶Ϊ㣬ִģԽ˺ǺܴһЩ𣬺źΪָǱȽϿٵġ
ͣ
׶ëͻȻŷųһЩЩǴ˴ľѪ⣬޷޲ȻҪɳȥ
׶۾
ǿնתɫ
ҹĻѾ£ˬĺҲϮСԵտûʲôľڵǸˬ
ߣһЩˮϵħ޴¶ԴͣϵǳΧƣ
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ħǱܣδ֮£һıܣֻΪﵽһ̶ȣſԿǣ١
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ȻǺǲͬĻָٶȣִǿ׶߬ȭͷ¶һ˿ЦݣڵѾȫָΪҲм־һʱѡ
壬ָǿ
ͨҪͨʱһҪһͨԺָ֮ǿоָֻ׶ͨΡ
ң˴Դ׶һʶΪǿͺãҪһЩ絤ҩ󷨣
˴׼Χ׶󷨣Ǳʵڣһ׻׶ˣ޷
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֦ҶïдУ
ľ׶ûмʼûע⣬ŽӴԽŷ֣ľʹ·ϵľͬƺӵǿ
Ӵ׳ïʢҲǿ
ѵĲڴ½ϣ׶üͷһֲõԤиͷľﶼûмӴ˵Զ½
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Сʱ׶ͷ֮ʱҹ֮Уǰ֣׶Ŀ⡣
Զ˵һС䣬̲࣬ҲǺܶ࣬ңӵأûֻĴ
ҹ٣ûжߣֻɢ
ڴ˺þã׶ҵһ壬òԴƤڣ°ʹк磬ֿ죬һֵĴ塣
壬һ£ʲôط׶ʵ
׶һ£Ӣ꣬Ӣ˲Ҳǻ·ҲϺõĳӣҪ꿴ʹӸ
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壬֪۹ﲻ׶ģʵ
Ѿ϶Լƺı뿪½ˣӵϣĻشϣƺӡ֤
׶Ǵһ˿ҡ
ҡͷ۹ǸҰɣﶼǳУûйҡ廹Цʵ׶ǲ·ˣΪ顣
ѵĲڴ½ϣ׶˽лڳ˯СΪأԼƺһİĵط
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λĻ̼׶ﾹȻ½Ҳ۹˴ûط
Ѳıͳ½
룬ƺֿܣһֻܹ췣񻢣Ϊ޸һԼԽСͻƣҪͳ½мֿܡ
ܹүPKĸ֣ȥ
УһҪʡ׶СһƬѾˣֻЩᡣ
½мˣѣˣεεδޣҪͳ½ǡǲ
ɢĶ˼ңһЩߣƺڼ׶˺þãҵһˡ
һλ裬̴棬Ǹмַϡ
׶߶߶˵ͣ׶ʻҲȫش׶ҪܸСϱ׶æߡ
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뿪׶ͣɭ֮Уɭûκħ޴ڣеֻһЩֲѣ㵹Ǻ½֡
׶գ䣬ǳҹҫâҫȴһİҹգҲһϤϢ
Χһ紵׶ϣ쬵ķ磬ȴ޷׶侲Եʱ䣬ȴ͵Զ½׶е㲻֪롣
Сƺе紵ӣ׶꣬Сһһһ磬ױ췣ĸҲǲ֪䣬ܿҲѾȥ
ѵĲ½
׶ĿŻеСһƬͳãĲڴ½ָΣص½˸֪½̸ֺȥ
ԣǿߣͨ˲֪Щǿ߿϶֪׶˫һһ˿˷ܣȷͨһֻڼ總ʶޣЩ֮ͨ쳹صֶΣȻ֪ĸ࣬˵ȥ½أ
˽С뷨׶оһ˷ܣһǰ·ĸо
׶侲ͻȻȥʣ̫ͻ˵ɱ˵죬˵Ŀ̽
ˣ޷Ȼȥ´鷳
ӦȲ̽һϢЩ˲֪֪ˣţЩ߻ʱ䳤ЩӦ֪Ķ࣡
뵽ˣ׶Ӱʧ
壬˰죬׶Ȼص壬ʼڴѰЩ͵ˣرǵ¸صĳߡ
һ뵽Ǵ峤
壡λ壬ƺ͵ļҵСϱػؾһ˼ҵߣô춼ûȥ
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Сֵ㰡һΪ˭أһͷʱǸոչһε׶ظһ
׶Ŵ壬¶һ˿Цݣλͨޱȡ
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Сֵ˵֪һ㣡
Ȼ죬ɫƤ֮£ǲôۣ׶Ļ嵹Ǻˬ졣
׶壬峤ȥҴ峤
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ЦЦЩ壬µĲɣʹλ廹͵ھӼСϱİ峤˵ǴɣǸػߣҲǴΪǿˣ
ϴһ־η磬ǰδеأ͸ղֵɵ͵Сϱ˿ͬ
׶ĳλϿԵ֪λʵǴ峤ˣڴкܸߵܵ˵ľܹһɣܹ˱֣λȷ˲á
ܿһλڴ˵Ĵܣ
飬׶˵˺ܶ࣬λҲͬ޷ܣôû׶͵Сϱһ
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峤ڴеԵشԶӣЩҲԶƺԶ볾Ӵ֮Զ׷һľƮ֮
ӺƾɣȫֲݷǽƤ䵱ƤϻžĲɣУǺװһ£ȫһֹŰҲǿ֨Ļţƺ˵ôЩ飬ͬϱһ㣬µĺۼ
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доη
һǰÿһ߹ȥ׶жԽİƺưʱ̮ķħ԰˵顣
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ƿţǰУҳ׶òСƺԼһçײӻһ
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ﴫһû˻ش׶⡣
ҲһƬҳһָưܵĲɣӦúܾûסˣһסλݹ׶Ϊߴ·
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Ͻɫ⣬׶ɨ䣬Ѱеκһ쳣
ңڴҵ飬Ȼһûһ˿
һư֮أûκһ˵Ĵڡ
ף
׶ɥ֮ʱȴǷһ˵ؾȻûκε
һ˿ûУ̫ϣ
һư֮أưܣһЩֲһЩС鶼ﰲңɴ˵ظͬ
İܱ֮
׶¶һ˿΢ЦкЦ⣬ٴδưܵӣƺЩͬ͸ղַֽȻͬ
˵أһܣа̾ˣλǹ϶λǰˡ
ˣ׶һ
׶ӣңң֣һ񣬹ĺܡ

žȻûκεĶ
һƺӡ֤׶ĴֻһСΪǶѡ
׶Ҳ⣬ЦеĿ⴦ӣڵˣ֪ڶһΪﵽƭ˵ĿģƭֻԼ˶ѣ
ⷬ˵ĺţƺһжС

һž׶Դʤȯյӣû˿ͷվſڣҲȥ
þá
ǺǣСѹȻǷ֮ϷˣϵͻȻԵͻأң޴Ѱңƺƾճһ㡣
Ǳưܵķ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻһŤͻȻɢһգȷӦһľ׶֮С
ԭưܣҳȫʧȡ֮һ԰֮е
Ȼ
ȻǷ׶֮ϵİƣͫͷƤ飬ǰƾȻоһַ򲨶԰ʵӦһַۡ
һλӴʥǿߣ
׶ЩţʥǿߵǼλʲ࣬ʱԼҲûκΣգȴǲͬǹƥһλʥԼղƺе
ˣ׶ȭٴһݣ̬ŵĺܵ͡
Ǻǣû뵽Ϸ⺣ô꣬Ҽһλ½ϵСѣЩԵ֣

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ϵԶ͸ղŵֽȻͬе㲻ʳ˼̻ĹƧԶ볾ʿһָ߽ࡣ
һ޷ĥ͸Ĵ֮ˡ
׶ͣ뷨ϸϸһأĵطһéݣۻ׶޷ǰһéݣ͸ղŵһģһԶһû˿ͬ
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ԣԾԲͬһéݣңǴĻƺ֪ҵһ㡣׶ɸͷȻƽˮ
ռѷĳ֣Ȼ˵ؿռı仯ܹ֮أȻһλܣ۷֮ܿռ仯Ȼ£ܹ֪׶ǿռѷ֮гҲпܡ
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ˣ׶ðãͻˣˡ׶˷ŵĺܵͣνʿȻڲĲͬƢ죬Զ볾ܻͬȻ֮ͬ
С˵νǰȻŰǺ͸߰ǱϾС˵˵һܹһС̸ʲô
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ǺǣСѲض񣬵ϷЩļˣ֪ϷĲСѿˣ
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¶Цݣǰһһƽ͵һȴ̤׶һ㣬׶ȫëȻÿһǶ̶̵һȴ̤֮ʱ޵ıÿһ̤Զ
̶׶ǰԶ
ЦǺǵĿ׶һͰģдźƣɾ׶з
ȻȻܲ˿
һλ׶оͬ󺣰ļǿߡ
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мּУ˵ؾľ룬Ҫȥ̸ס½궼м⺣֮£ȻظͬԵġ
Ȼҡҡͷûκ·ԻȥزͨдԵ˿Դ͹˸ܡ
׶ģѵһְ취û
ǻزңеĸĸߣѣԶ޷׶е޷ʵ
ǵҲǣЦ
߿԰˵ǰһλ֮ͨˣΪͨ쳹أ⺣޵֣į֮£Ȼֻǰ½ҪҵƥеĶ֡
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Ҳ־磬ʱͿԻؼң۶ãҲҪȥĸһ棬дǣ
ʥ֣ǲĴڣʵϣˣ׶ʹװԣʥҲƣֻͨǿϺܶ࣬ʥ
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ӿʼ׶һ࣬˵׶ţʹĿǳ֮
һȥ񻢼ȻԿԽϴͣҲԣһܹȥ׶аġ
һ뿪磬һ뿪ģ׶ʮ꣬һΣ׶ȴǲ̬ͬ仯Ĵ
һֱ׶ı仯׶ԭİȻ棬ǳĺţֱ仯ʹ߶Ϊȡ
Ӵ½͹ĵùҲܹô̬ǲֲΪ
΢΢ͷ׶ͼ֡
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׶ͷǰ˵ֻҪ׶ܹ쵽ȻȫԸⷬǣԷܹЩϢԼһֻ֣Ҫܹ쵽׶ȻܾңǰʥΪ׶Ҳ˵
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⺣ĴɣȻൺڣһЩͬ½Ĵ죬ں򣬵컹ǲ㣬̫٣ԣ⺣ȫˮϵħ޵¡
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׶ǰУüͷ壬ȻһƬ˼ǴԣдǸ롣
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ѵĻزȥֻһַ׶¶ǡԣֻһַԻص½һʮᣬųԽ˵ľʵϴƣ½֮УƺΨһĵ·
Ȼ׶ԼģԼģķܹЩȥ׶Ƿǳġ
ҡҡͷЩǶԼһԸ˿֪⺣׶һĨڣд̽һ˵ʲô
׶ҪǵǣǴ׶Ե롣
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һʱ䣬Զżٴοк֮дȫҪٴ̽һõʵ׷Ѱ޵ķ봫˵սȥľӽӽ
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Ļлȣǰ̡
˴λ˾׶ǰȥһ̽Ѱż֮еȻˣ֮ˣһСһǰȥ׶͸©С֮нʥǿ߼С
ʱƿշ߻Ͽʥ־ĸ֡
ʥּ룬ȻȫӣܹõıҲӡ
żҪȥѰһص½ķԼʵǴвҶȥɣ˼ã׶¶ġ

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ǣӦܹĵһЩɣ׶
⺣һϹӣʲô֪˴ǰĿľҪѯһЩ鼮ٵƬ֮С
λź׵ػſλãŷĳǹǹ¶âλ׶ۿ֮£Ϊ¶ʿػУݳ޺ܶࡣڳϷһЩħʦȺʱͷħֹЩħޡ
£ħʦʿһﵽͨΪ׼֮ʱߵĽ޽ɢͬ
ݵ˳ǣ׶ϸϸ
˵Ǹⷱħ꣬꣬ҩ꣬ëƤȵȣ½еĵﶼҵĶˮ֮⵹Ϊԭ
ҲǶǿնɱˮϵħ޵֡ˮϵħۼ׺Ƥë쳣ᡣҪӼ
˰죬׶һõ鼮Ϣ
Ǵ鼮ֻ֮һλãже鼮ֻǵطЩҪ

֮Се鼮˵ΪȫģΧС֮УǴŵ鼮һ׶΢΢鴤һ£鼮ڳ֮УóȻǰȥܵõҪЩ취
λ赹׶ȥ鼮ҪǮǮǽң㵽ʹ½һҶһͨĻҡ
׶λǲȱҡ
סһеػߡǳ죬ͳһ񣬲Ҫеİȫֿħ޽
ֲִ̳ڲ׷ķȻҲ㽨쾫׷̺ǿ
ſλڰأ˶߼ʵⷬȳſڱҪǿ󼸷֡
öң׶ɽ֮вͬΪ⸮ڸ⸮֮ݣ䳡һЩҪѽǮſԽ֮ءڸǳס֮أճе
ʱҴҶյʱ䣬׶֮ڣ鼮رʷ֮ļ鼮Ƿ䵹鿴

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һù֮ڣ׶ϥڷĴԪһ㣬ڴͬʱҲϤǿȶ
ϾǳҪ޷ȶԺ·谭Ӱδ
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ڲʱһͬ˷ڵдԳƣ׶ͷźˮܲɫԽĺ
þã׶Ż۾һ˿⣬⾫֮ȫƣ룬ؿڼǺķһЩ
ȻѶȱôþȻֻһ˿ѣҪ̤һС磬졣
׶ҡͷ
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ͬһʱ䣬֮ȫ뿪Ȼȥ˸޷֪ǵټֻû뿪ĴȻ̾̾Ϣ֮һָӡ


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ڴʱǱ½Ľƣ˿̺Ȼ併һأֱѹ׶ϣͷǽƣһޱȾ޴ѹֱӴ׶ͷ֮ϴ
˿̣ѹĻϣֵ֮صѹȣͬһ㣬춥ס
꣡
һ׶ڴ
ǡ׶һʹ
ڣоȻһ֮Ȼм䲿ֺȻѿǷ飬ɢһա
Ȼˡ
ļ׻֮ʱѾ׻֮֮򣬿Ϊǿһѵ
ɼʹˣļȻˣм䴦ѿѿ֮ɼһںɫâıڼ֮С
ɫâҲԪˣ
ۣ
׶ſڣ³һϽɫѪҺɫ˲ú󣬿ѹ֮£תۼֲҰޱȣͬһŰֽһ㡣
ϽɫѪҺ³֮شѹ֮£޷ֺ
ޱȿֲش֮£ضҪϲһ綼Ҫ𣬸ûκζ֮»š
תۼ䣬ϽɫѪҺɢһ֮׶֣Χ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻһƪޣµĴҲʧܵһ̤ʵĸоĽһ޵Ķڳнӣֻ޷ˡ
䣡
𶯣˿̣·ʱת׶վ֮УĴޣͷ֮һƬѹ£ȫѹļ֮ϡ
ѵ⵽ô£׶˫ܲѪɫɫȻŴ˿̵ĳʵġ
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䣡
һξ𶯣Ȼѹֱѹ׶ͷĲѾظ֮һƬ
ж׶֪֪ԲԼԵֿġ
ȫѾѴ룬׵мضϣͷ­ǿ죬ͷ΢΢ѿϽɫѪǲȫشƶ޷ȫɢ
Ҫǣ׶澹Ȼѷ죬ʱҪһ㣬£һ繻׶飬ɢһա
ѵҪ
ûûнûƣ޵һƬռ֮ڣ׶ȴƱһɽѹڵһ㣬һָ޷
Ѿѣ඼Ҫͣ͵ļȻڴʧ
䣡
شƣȻٴѹ׶ͷȻѹеѹȫ׶ϡ
꣡
Ƶ壬˿̲ظȻ䱬ը㻯Ƭͷĩռ֮ڡ
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ؼһ֮ûΪ׶Ƭֹͣѹ죬ȻݣȻ£ռ䶼ʼ𶯣ռ䶼ܵΣ
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ըѹ֮䱬˷ռ䶼ǻһƬ޷ʲô
̣
Ȼռһ¶֮ضƶһɲǣһŨϽɫâӲŶ
âŨΧȫ޵ĻϢȴ޷˺Ͻɫâֺ
ף
һӲ֮ϴһ˿ɣĮӶ࣬ûһ˿鲨
䣡
ǵϽɫĹâȻţ޴Ͻɫâ֮бһϽɫСϽɫâ¶СȻ׻
ĳͬһ㣬̴ķ£ֱӽС֮УСһУһõӰƬͳӿ룬ӰԽԽ
䣡
Ͻɫ׻һ֣ײ׻ͻǶڲ֮ϣƬ֧
ڶ죡
һɣ
䣬ղŽ׶ѹĲ챻׻һɾң𶯣ɫȻƣɫһƬ
䣡
ɣ
׻ٴΰθһɾ룬ݿֱӽٴζһɾ룬춼ڻζ춼ڶŭƬʱҪݣ
ɫļԣѾҪˣ
䣡
ʮɣ
ɣ
תۼ䣬׻ΪĴڣ춥Ͼ֮ϣ󣬺Ȼһ޴ıը֮һ޷ֿĻϯ
һжˡ

ʮһ ֮Ӷ

һжˣ·һȻһգѿƬÿһƬ֪ȥûˣûˣ׶ûˣ׻Ҳûˡ

Ⱥɽм䣬Ψһһտ֮أΧɽǣзԲ뵽ȻһƬ
ʻʢֵⰻȻһɵܣ֮ɢ
һŻɫ·ʻʢ֮УƽȵĺһˣʻֱһͼͼȻһֻ׻׻ۣڳ˯һ㡣
һжôϧǸӣŮӾ͡

׶ڰٻУһƬ磬ʣֻһʶ·һƬտУŬҲҲͷҲûлӦ
첻Ӧеصز飡
⵽ΪҲڶɽأҲǱΪ׶Ȼû˻ش
һ˿ûС
ƴıܣ֪ܷҵľͷҵȥ·Ҳͷ

ųô죬һֱں棬ȲҲ뿪ŵǺ棬˻ˣҪǸƴˣһԼߵᣬһӵ
Ӧ󣬲Ȼ˳嶯
׶УĽȻһ仰ʾ󾪣ȴϲˣѵ˲ɣ
ţ
ƴˣӲŶһԴ˭˭ҲҪǣִһȣܺʵ
׶ţһϲ̲סȵѿɷһ׶˵أѳ󣡡
׶Ҳʥһصˣ׻֮ķҲΪǿ֮˼֮Уܹ࿹˺٣˵ǵѵҲʡ

һƬ׶ȴ֮Уû˻ش𣬴˵ȻһƬ·һһ㡣
Ҫ룬׼֮ˣǲɱǵģһŮ֮ŮӰοˣȡ
׶֮ʱ˿һ׼ҡ֣һѵһ½˵ΪܹǵĻȴҵĻ
׶֪ʲô飬һж̫졣
½㣬ǰ˻ݲӲʲôöû׼ɱͻȻһ٬ǰ仹ģΪɺֱӿ˴ñӣ˵ĺ
룬ŮӵٴδˣҲһɣ
½㣬Ǻе˰
ʲôһӶǣ˭ҹӲŹģ

׶λƣǰһ˿׹⣬Ƥأͷγʵߣ͸϶㿴һ˿
ӦǾ磬ʵ磬½أѵĶȹ٣
Ƥߴ׶ſΧʮΧԼԣɴ۾أ
ʲôˣʲôط׶ü
Щûие˿в֮⣬ҪЩ˵Ϊһ۶͸ǿ˲ǾżͷŮӣӡ
Щ䲻󣬺׶࣬Ӷʮң
ߣ˺òǾ㣬㲻֪лǣǣ֪Ͳþ㣡һɫȹŮӣ̲ס
Ͳþ
༸Ҳ׷׳֣һʱ䣬ʮоȻΪþ׶
׶ȻһЦ
û뵽Լһ仰Ȼǵôһƺ˵ǴʱԼĻģǻþ
׶̵Ӵʶܣɨ
Ŀ΢΢һͣ鶫Ϸ
һɽ֮һӹȰĳ׶ʥһأҲӣصֶηǳǿ
еһ˿ϤϢ
лλ׶ʮ˸л˿Ѿ׷ʲô
Ǹ˾ȻǾΪһǿߣĵĻʮżֶҪ䣬οЩé®أ
Ӳˣֻ΢ѣʱ䲻ˣҵȻҪ·ӵ𣡡
ͷŮڵɫɴɴ赲ʶ̽صաһ˵Ϳ͵˼
׶΢΢ȻԼôճһʮ˶ôԼ
ԣǻ߰ɣĽҰģ˲ɾˣһûȢϱأҿаʮĸû׶˵ԱǸѾ֡
һ˫һۣһַۺ죬׶ģ׶һ񺮣ǼƤ
׻ôǿҲ޿κΰ
ǲڱ׷٣׶һЦо·ʤȯһ㣬е˳ᢵİȻ
һ˶Ŀ׶ʮ˫۾׶ڿһ㣬źͲ˼顣
ǸղųԷ׶ǸŮӣǵɴɰ۾ǣһҲţ˵Ϲ
׶һЦǸ˵ʵǺǿ
׶ĻֻôҾ죬Ͼղǵ̸ֲ²׶Խ˵ԽʵһʵԵݶûУɴҶһ뷨ոշֵ˷˶ڰٵˣ
˼飬Ŷͣѵʵôǿ
Ҹ㣬ɱϹ˵ŪŮӵı£үҿǱǿˣ½ɲҪ졭
Ǹ̶֣񱦱͵һ㣬æ
׶Сӣ˳ĻԣҲüĿ㣬ô˵ôأǲòడ
ԣ֮ӶſǺպģҪǸƭǵĻߣÿǸŮ̻Сȭͷʾ㿴׶
ȴһɻӣеţǲ˼ͻɣһİĻʼ޷ȡǵΡ
ңﷴҪһ¡
׶Ŀ⿴ͷŮӣʮ˵ģ˶Ļľϡ
ƽŮӣ
֪ʲôλãŮݱڵסòͬչ飬ĺûʲôʵ˵λá
˵ɴ۾ϸ׶
׶״ˣȻ̧ͷ󲻾һ򶫱һۣһ۶ѣ
Ůӵͷ˶һأ
׶ʮ˵ӣȴһ꣬ʮиеϤϢû

ʮ ׼״

׶һ񣬶װûµֱڻ֮УΧƣ˵صʻ˵Ʒ֣Ҳϲˣһڣеˬ
һƵشƶѹ£ѾԺãҪΪǴﵽʥһ죬һԲ׶ü󵽴﷢ʲôΪһҲɢСҪ˯
֮ʼ׶ƣп˼·׷ʲôû֪˵ظɽ֮أλҲ֪
һжţ֮С
׶еһڤڤڵڱݣƺԼǶԷһӣ⣬ûһ˿֮
ãҵȷȹ٣ΪʥһصĴܣҪģ׶һеõĺô
ʵĽ
ǻ쳣ۺİʥһȹ٣ǽΪһԲ磬ʱԳ죡
ʥ׶Σһо죬Ÿ磬ŸԻΪһ磬Լķ
׶֮֮ΪأÿһأʵȻߡ
׶ϲǣ֮ȻڣǸ֮ڣȻԿԽս
ֻǣԿԽСսö֪
˼֮УʮҲûţܲ׶ĻΪ׶ǺƭǣʮȻȥ̽һ
ĸ֣˫಻̫ȻֶοƽҵټҲδزɡ
ʮüͷóƣһʮ˶ɴ۾һ׶׶ЩëȻ
ȿȣ׶εĿһˡǸļһ￴׶һ񺮣뵽ѧʱһʡ
˵ĺܶԣȷڶ򡣡ͷŮӿڣȻ飬˼ֵͳо
ʹŰɫɴ׶ƺȻоŮü龰
˵ǸǾ֣ʲô쳣ǶΣգ׶
˵ͷüͷ
Ǹļһ˿Ҳͣе̬أʮΪߵ֮һżΪԽˣԽܸþǱڵ˵Ŀ¡
ʮ˳Ĭ
ʲô취ǰɴŮеһ˳أһֵΣʮ˵ͷȻҪʮ˵İȫǡ롣
룬׶ͷ
½ԭĵ̫ĲˣȫǻеֶκͰԲûûѧϵӲĻҲԻ쳣󡣲ȫȻǣҪʵһʮᣬԲҲֲ˼һȭ
ԣ׶ڿǿӲһ㣬֮ףһ
׶ô˵ʮ˶ʱǰһϣ׶ϣǺֵĸо֮һʹʮİˣ
š׶ͷʮ˴˹ʱһɹϮ
׶ͷѹ
ʮţüͷʱ任

Ǻ˶ɽ棬ʶɢСʮһСһԱߣڲ̽˵ܲмһ־ȻȥһСӣ˵ȥˣ̫ˡ
ֹģڸʲôֹƺʲôһ㶼ûϣ;żʵʵ̫ˡһëûгСӣܸʲô
ںȺе׶ܾЩ죬ʶһˣ˺þȻû뵽
ҡҡͷûж롣

֮ӶǼӶţ׶ʵ
˿̣׶˵ԼһЩ취֮˶Ŀ׶Ҳ֪СԴôģôôʹ
׶˳ڴ̽һЩҪ֪ϢҲڡ
BӶţôɣٺ٣׶˵꣬Ǹվ׶Ц׶һ񺮡
B׶ͷ㲻Ӷһ֯һЩ˼һ壬ӶᷢһЩ񣬻ȡԴһЩڴ½Ϸǳ
Ӷкܶ༶֣֮˵ȼSABCD弶˵S֮ϻиӶŶӣЩǴ˵û֤ݡ
BСӵʵ˵㲻Ըʵһ˵BӶҪһλ
üͷ׶ҿƺѧԺѧĸѧԺģ
ѧԺģô֪˰ɣĸСŮղһֱڳԱ񣬴˿̵Ŀ׶һۣ߰ĺʤСȸһ
ǸͷŮȴüɴסû˿
׶ŶǿǴ½һѧԺ˵Ĵ֮һ׼ƿأ׶ɨˣк͹ͦͦظ̬
׶ŵŶѵǶ׼ҵĵӣȵȵɴ۾ʮˣɴŮϸɨ˼ۣҪı顣
ɴǳӵкǿڵӦһں֮ڵһп̽ʹ׶ΪҲ޷ƿ
׶գΪһЩ׼ҵϢɳǣ˶ĬɫĿ£û˿ڣ͸ղߴߴ˿ã׼Ҳڱһ㡣
׶һŵǲƭӰɣװſܳƭ˵İɣһЦʧ֡
ƭӣ̷筺߷߶׶
ô˧ƭǿɶǴ꣬ҿƭӣ½ɲҪαƭˣпŰɴŮӣǽ
ģ׶ɫһ㡣
ɴŮʼձƽͻȻһһĪϲ֮⸲ȫȻһʧ̬˸о˼飬ƽʱصĴô
ûʲô׼ҵҲ£ǿԸ˵֮⣬Ϊ½㣬Ȼһͬ˵׼ҵ顣
˼飡
׼ѾǰˣǰĴۻ֮Ĵ˳ƵѾĴ壬еֻĸ϶ѣɴŮӵ
֮£֪Ĳ࣬׼ҵ鵹֪һЩ
˶ĩ˰ɣΪ½㾹Ȼὲ׼ôص飬һû˿˵ĺܳס
ǹ˼飬ɴ۾½㣡
½ŵ֮׼Ҿһޱ䣬ֳɣױսʼɱ
˱ŭһƬ

ʮ ĵ

׶ɫһƬͷ˭Ҳı顣
˶ܹ죬һİ˶׼ôģ׼ˣң½̬ǰ󷴲̫ܾš
˵׶ܵͳ
ţ
׼ҷֳɣһɣ峤һɣһɣϵ˭ǴϺ峤
峤ʵѾﵽ˼ĸ߷壬ʥ۷徳磬ɡ½ԽԽͳ󼸺š
Ҳǵͷ뵽Ǹ棬жıƽܵͳ
˵׶ͷƵһ
½̧ͷһ˫ˮ۾գգ׶ŵ巢ʲôǶ֪ʹ׼Ҳֻ֪Ľ
ͷŵŵ峤ˣ峤֮󣬴ϳΪµ峤
˳ĬһַŭѾѹϺþˣ쳣ء
׶૵
ƽûзŭҲûзųֱɱ׼ȥ𣬺ǰȣƺӳˡ
ʹĻǣĳѾãڵȵᣬ峤ȥȻĻֻǣǺ˰
׶ҡҡͷ
ӦòǣⶼսǺΨһĽͣõӵиǿʵ׼˵İɣ˭ܴ峤أ
ҵһ˵ֻǲ֪٣һų˼׶ɴŮ
һ׶̧ͷҲǿǾɵĿ½㣬ΪǶûʲôϢ
˵
ţͷ
˵Ҳ׼ˣܡϽĸ֣
գһȣһûУֻ΢΢紵˵صĻ㴵֣ûЩ
仰ʵǴ󣬾ȻϽԽԽе峤˵ʵڴ½Ƕ֮ʥ۷֣ǿǾ֮ϵľ磬Ѿ˼ļޣܹڴ·ϻûС
ΨԭԽһС
׶ü˼ѾַӡϽ֮˽٣ǰһĻǰ
УԿɡ˼ңʱΪ㣬ŵ˿̲Ǻˮƽս׶ʵȥѣһغϾͻᱻɱ
ԽʵԽᵽǿ޿ƥУ
⡭˵ɡǼأ˵ֻڡǰϲһЩӿǳսġĿ׶ʹɴҲ뵽ɴµľɫ
һҲſ׶һͲ˼飡
ŨĻɣ
һսֻ֪Щ׼ҽܳӣȫ׼ҵˡˣͣĴ׼ҵϢǳġ֪ôص飬ѵ׼ҵˣ
ʮ˶׶
ɴµ½㶼׶ڴʱļһҲܺ״̬ȡ
ɨһˣ׶ڣ
һ£ҽ׶
ûҪع⣬ԼԶڰҪȥģ˵˵ࡣ
׶˵󣬿һ۴ҡʮĿɿڴԼӣС죬񿴵һиԼ۵ĻֻŽŵġɴ½㣬ڲһ㡣
׶浱ǹ˲ɣôҲ׼Ӧ׼Ҳɣ
˾ȣ׶ʧѾˣôõʱȥû׶ǳ췣֮»һϰٵĴӣҲˣĴ峹׵ķ
Ƕ磿ǹСŮһУǵͨ죬Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
˶׶
׶϶ĵͷ
̶ļ֮ڴ˵رըտĺܣûֻһЩݶѣ
Ҽӣ׶ȴڰֹ֣סңĿ򶫱ﻹһ

ڶ̽ʮ˵ˣһɢӣԽԽԸһСӣһþ־ôûˡ
ףڸʲôֹһСƨܹʲôǴϡŶӦ峤峤ӣмһ͵鶼ûˡ
ȻƤоһֲõΣǻûκζ˶סˣȫΪһǲ
飡
һ죬ҳþֱӱӵϣһã̬쳣ˡ
̱ߵˣܹסԼôɣԲͨˣû׼ǡ;ͷƤ顣

ǡ
ʮ˶ɴ۾׶СſڡϵˣǺϤ׼ҵһλ
˽Ŀ⿴׶
׶һЦ͵˾һֱںǵľ֣˵赭д΢һ㡣
ģ֣
ղŻڷŭ֮еۺһ·ͬһ㶫أ׷Ĳ㶼ҪѪˣ׾ǰλ֣
ž
Ƿ࣬صһֱλֵƨϣݺ˼£ŭȫйϣ
͵ǣߣɲСӣɶÿģ߷߲ƽֹľֲôһ֣͵СӸʲôڲ
žž
ŬŸƨɣԱּһĽ
ŤͷһֹںŬŬλֵƨɣһһ䵹Ǿȡ
žžžž
˼룬궼̲סȥһߣߵĲһ֣Ǵʯͷһ㣡
ִ˿ĶˣˡȫΪסûа취ֻС㡣̣ˡ

þã˲ͣɫ΢΢죬мȻƺһսһ㡣
ǹСŮСظΡΡģСйģ
žž
Ψһһģţִ˲ƣ׶һλֵıѾһƬģѪ죬Ǿֵ壬ôһԼ̤֮£Ҳû˿ֿ֮
׶ǡҲ̫˰ɣ
˶Ŀ׶׶Ҳߣǻǰָָλ֣׶ݾĲȣĵ

ʮ ǰ


һʹŰλޱȵľ֣һȺСƨ֮£ѾʹȥǱġ
һλ֣ݺʥĳ棬һСһŰҪա֪ĸ쵰ˣǰĵλֲָ֮£Ҳûд
λ֡
׶һڵϻȥľ֣ȫ࣬ŭҲйˣģ¡壬΢΢Щ˼ʿɱŶҲ֪½ûӴ̫ΰְҵ
ûλĸ֣׶Ŀ⿴ǰɴŮӣҲ½㣬ǸϡеϤ
׶̽
Ͼʱܾˣÿ˶кܴı仯Ҳյ׼׼һʲôˡ
ţɴŮһ䡣
ԣңеǸ׶һ㶮׶񺮲ֹ
ǰˣ˷ǵĸоǰĳ·죬ĿѧԺſڵһĻ
׶Щơ
еû̫仯ôˣΪűܹܸʸģôÿ꣬ˣ
ɴ½㣬׶Щ񣬲ʵǴһǰӶҲǸСѾʧһλŮǿ˵̬ش󷽣ü
Ҹĸô׶΢΢һ㶣
׶ʵģ⺣ƴһҲûִҪԼĸĸЩѣ
΢΢׶ܽţ
п˿׶ԾûпڣǽøɴŮӣһѧԺ뿪ѧԺǳΪ׼ҵӣзʲôȻ֪½еʲô
û飬Ϊͻ˾½
׶ţһϲĸ׵ΪһֱеĲϾżΪ٣Ҳٶѡ
񵹺ãĸҲͻƾԪ
½ŵүȴҪμʥߴսԣǲų׼ȥүȥ
Ǵ˴õϢƺҪıװԣһʱż֮£׼֪ͨװСһЩû뵽ñ㱻׸ɳĸָסˡ
ڣ׶ؼʱ̳֣
ң׶չֳΪ˴ʧɫһͬһ㱻׶޻֮׶ʵĪ⣡
ʮ˶ѧԺģ۹;Ȼǲͬ˿Աģûչ̫󾪺ѾޱȳԾ
ʧճΪĪ⣡һϲ˴Ȼ԰үȹѹأ˰
ȻҪף׶ŭأ
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֮һؾ֮أ˵Գһռ䣬һСλһ㣬ֳΪʵ˲øо
׶Ⱥ֮УʹһӿУռ䰵̾ʥ߿֮һСռ䣬⴦ռֻӵʥ߱˵һλ棬ʵȻֻһӵеһĲ֮ء
ѵǶΪʥһ֣׶а²⣬Լҡҡͷкʵʣķԣʥ֣߳Ҫʥһ֣
ȺӣһսսûпʼСС̸һ£ƺԤ˭õʥ߹ھ
Ҫ֪ʥսһ˽ᱻΪ½һ֮ƣ˫
׶ɨһۣЩ֮ҵ׼ڣ׼ڶλһɫķװڶ֮мΪۡ

׶ĿúװԻۣ΢΢ͷϬΪĬ
ԽԽз˵ʥսŨϢҲ׶𾪵ǣ澹Ȼвڰλʥ֣
Ǻεȵʵ
ЩֻǱɽһǣ׼صʵ׶ֵͷ㲻úˣǽ½ʥһ𣬲֪ж١
Ǹ׺ǸǿǻǴ֮һ˵ʵ춯أǳ½Ҫζ£
ȻƾͲһǸ֣ԱǸ˭ֵǸһһͲ֪˶ٶ
˵ֵܣҪ˵ǿǴʳʥ˼ҵľǳԣ˵ķǼΪټƫŵĳ֮򡣡
Ŷֲˣ
׶ȺдһϢЩ̸ۣЩ¶ЩϢ׶öõϢ
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ʱٽĴԽԽ࣬ÿһ׶һ֮ͬ޷͸Щ˵Ϊ
Ҳ˵Щÿһٶʥ֮ϣνʥһصˣҲСһϲ̨档
ԱһλŻ־ˣ̨
ŨλϣͶ㶼ûж˵ʲôֱܼ̣ӵ㵽ʥս֮ϣʥսʼ
˵ǸΪҲǸҾȻ͸ֺ¶ƾ˸еļ£ʲôεΪ׶Щľ
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ֻһΣʧˣҲͳ׵ʧȥ˴ʥսҪʧȥν
׶ϸϸһЩѰζƺʲôƹƽЩ⣬ֻ벻ѡ
ãǩʼǸղŵĻ֮ȥӴָ֮ȡһ
׶ɴ۾׻ۡ
ʮƣÿֻаƴСӨ͸ҲǲдÿλμʥսԱ
֮лһźߣ顣
˶¶ɻı飬ǩͳǩһź߸ʲôǰû
ɻ󣬿Щȴ׵ĺܡ
֮վ̨֮ϣҲ˵һֱӽкŶڿСϣžȻû½鶯ٵת
һڿƣѡһӷɹȥֱӲ֮Уתۼ䣬ӵĺʧһգһߴڿУ֯һĴܾһдŲֵơ
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׶΢΢㵣û뵽ȻֶΣ˵ɼ򵥣Ϊĺۼƺ̫ԣ֮£Щֽδɲݱս
ֻǣ׶ǣȻûһ˳ԣдǱֳĬĶ϶
ֻеûۿ˲ſŵЩ⣬΢΢һ۵ӣʧûɵӣ£˭ԣ
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ս֮׶Ϥ֮һѧԺˣ׶һһλҵˡ
Ϊǲ൱ʥ졣
׶˼Ҫϸۿʥǿսܲٶ֣ϾΪزеֻһ룬գϽ硣
ûбҪڣʥָϧԼ
ƺ˴ʶ΢΢ȭվ˿ʼ
䣡
һ˾ȫ֣չȫʵû˿׾˼֣ضǷ񱩵ϢΣա
׶΢΢㵣ʥֵֶĻþȫмֺ֣ʮֻ֡ȫ֣˴˺ɱһ㣬һ㻺ضûС
ʲôȻô󣬿ʥƴȥȡҲ˵ƺҲ֪
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׶΢΢ɻ
ڼգѧԺ֮ʤҲǲʥһֻ첲㱻ԷжԪˡ
׶ĺи򣬶Դ˴δǳע
˼֮󣬾ͷ֮ʱڣֵװԵıˡ

ڶʮ װ

ڣ׶֮ʱֵװԵıⳡҲǵһΪעĿһսʥս֮ǿ󼸳֮һ
֮һ׼ҵһ콾װԣھ֮С֮ƣʸߣҪǣװ˵ĶӣǺˣж˶װԳڴ
װԵĶҲǲһλŮԣһλټŮʥȻʵҲǲСطԲԶԿط֡
Ҫ֪֮䣬ÿһضǾ޴Ĳ࣬ٸȻ޷Կ
װ̨ÿһأ쳣һ˶еĳϻһѪϢǾ˵ľꡣ
װ̨һЩ˵ϿɣѪĺӣﶼֵϿɵĴڡ
װԵĶ֣ȴһλԼŮԣΣˮɫ·ƴҹһ㣬ףҲͶʮ꣬һλʥսŮʥ
̨һɫ΢΢Ǻ졣
ûж˵ʲôʥսɲǹҼңΣյĺܣк̿ʼս
ⳡҿװԻʤǰѪľ꣬ɳ߳˷ǳ£׼ңֶ̫ˡ
ţҲͬ⣬ϧСˣ

̨һۣûпʼѾ۵ж󲿷ֶϿװԻʤⲻƣһֶԱĶ
һʼǾ֪Լˣ׶Լˣĺס
ɴ۾˼Ŀⳡս
ŮӴ˿̸ĸϻһ㣬󿪴ϣƾȻѹסװԣˮԷ֮ӿȣ֮ӿϯϢĸо
װԣֻֿܿƺ˼ķʱҪûһ㡣
֮װԴΣ֮С
װֻֿܿͬʯһ㣬ƾ˷ֻúޱ޼ʴ֮Уʱʱ̶̿бΧûֻҪһɣٲĵز
Ůӣװ԰̾Ҳߣ׼һһ˵ĳƺŲǰ׽еġ
֮ΧԼ֣ƴһɫһ㣬ǿ׳ƾ紵ԿȻ
ֶҪˣⳡսװԿԤˣװԹЦǳûһ̬ӡ
ƣռϷˣ
Ů׶Ļ΢ŭһ˿ŭ𡣲׶ҲǱȻϵǰǸƢ˿䡣յһɣװԵ鵹׶ЩӦװԣ
׶űҲ뿴Լز©ϵкֱ£
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װԹЦΧ֮΢΢΢΢Ҫһ㡣
˫ֺһ㣬ÿһ¶ռ䷺Ҫѿһ㡣
Ůɫ䣬װԵ㵽ھ֮ʱ˷ٺˣ֮ǰ۳һˮԶơˮͣкԣǿزЩ赲Կƿֲ
׶ֻǺоſһֱߣٵŮʥ
գۼ䣬ŮʥǰĵһƺȻ飬󣬵ڶ飬飬ֿƬҲȻ顣
׶һ˿̲оװԵĿֲӷֻһ⣬ң쳣Ŀֲƾһ㣬ÿһ֮жп񱩵֮
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׶ۣЩ
ȴŮֱӱװԻܣǵǿԽܣȱԣЩԡ
ڴ֮УȻ
ŮǰˮɫâžǾſֱ֮
ŮٿգһͨˮɫıйתȻһѵһǺԵĵ΢ŭװԣͬˮ
װһˣϵȻȫȻԷһ㡣
װ˵Ȼ̬ȸŮӶŭսˮɫһ²ŷӿ֮ˣɱ
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ŮӳʱװԴԭأеȻȻûһ˿Ҫֵļ󣬾һЩ޶͸ѵװвɣ
Ůӳ֮ʱװԺȻ
в֪ʱһɫҫ׹ĳꪣޱȣߺһǧϮ𺳣ƾӵľӣһǰֱӳɱϡ
ԶԶһǧϮһЩɫ԰׵ˣƶ޷ֺֿ
䣡
ɲǼ˺һ
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ꪽ֯һ죬ÿһζз飬˴ѽѷ֣ƾСŮӵʵԽҡ
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װԺƱķֻֿܵһصķˣһδοֵɫҲǳȥֱھʮŻ֮ʱѾƴȫֵ
ˣ
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װԲ֪ʱһҫɫâıⱦӨȫǷУϸ˸еһ˿־塣
װбڵֿʮŻ֮ʱͬʱһϣֱӽŮӹƽ⿪ֱۡ
Ϊʤ
Ӯˣ׶һϲսûκεװʤˡڰѵϵȻϵҪˡ
׶һ
̨ϣҲˣŮӺݺݵĶװԣ⺣֮һһֹڵһٲ֮ǰϣκβװԡ
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սװʤ
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ڶʮ ʱĻ

װԵʤһ˷ܸ߳½ǿߣοװһλѪĺӣС֮ƣ׵õ˵Ͽɡ
̨Ҳһ󻶺֮
ϵӮˡһҪһŮʥ֪ʱ᲻ᷢ裡׶Ϲװʤɺܶࡣ
̨ϣװԸ߸߾Լ֣ͬԼʿһ̨ʾ⣬Ÿ߰ʤصԭλ
ΧһЩ˶ų羴ţеֻװԵʵʵ̫ǿˣʹҲ޷ԿҲֻʧһ·
׶࣬ԺܺÿıҲǸ⾫ʣÿһƴΪΪʤΪǸνϧ
׶Ҳֻܸ̾һ¶ѡ
УһֻеһСѣиྫʵıʥսĿľν
ԣʵĻ֮
Ϊһôƴֵ׶ųϵıͻȻзһָ
̨ϣһλһʥŭһȻ򣬽ԷˣԼҲǵʥ򾳽磬֪ʱָܹ

һλʥͬҰһ㣬ֱӳȥԷһȸ˺ʥѪȾء

ҵıڼÿҪȲݼЩʥǿߺͳǰСֺβͬ
ҴҰֻֻ֪Ϊ񳯣ȴˣеֻįѡ
׶Ҳ뿴ⳡ̫ˡ

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ҵʥսڴʱˡ
׶һ
ҲǴںоһַɢл̫ңԽҳ̶ȡ
ʮʮǿѡ֡
׶ĵװޱȣƴ˲һһжֵˣ׼˶̭һ˻Թȥ
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ȳֵĻ̨֮Ǵŵ΢ЦʺȾɵ̨֮ϣһĨ졣
ȴЦʸΪʼգûһλ֮˲μνʥսǲЦˡ
˴ʥսʮλ½ܾʹ˲Ҵ˴εǳΪ½ʮǿ֤֮΢Ц
һ־ڶĿ⣬ȫ֪Ҫʲôסȴķš
׶Ҳۣ뿴νʲôΪܹôˣ
֮˻ȫйâһɫҫʥĹâҫۣһԲε̣
̾Ө͸ʥϢ֮һ㣬˸ܵһҪĸодžηϡ
ʲôѵΪֻһ飿׶ۡ
Ҳ𾪵Ĺۿ
СС̣ʮλʥǿƴ֮мλʥ򣬶Ϊ˴ɥ
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׶оõĸо
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׶һ·٣ԶԶͬһ㾡ԼƣƸһû˵ע⡣ʵǸ׼̫ˣ޷˼
׼ҶҲԤϵ׼˴֣ȫʥ򡣶ں󷽸֮ˣ˿⣬֮˷ǰС
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еǣװԵǺ׶һ˿΢ϵԼܵ׶֮ء
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еؿڣǾȻˣֲøҹϮ׼ң
ҲƱ磬ɫƽֶֻΣǾҪˣ׼ҪкֻǾĺãȻɾͲˡ
Ļ΢΢һͣǶſС
׼ҵĺֲЩĿģǴеĿܼ򵥣ǵͶʯ·ʯӣȻҲɳһλʥصĴܡ
׶ҲǽעҲ֪Լļ嵽кֶοڴ½ô꣡

ڶʮ 

˵ĿķǳԣҲûε˼ָ׼ڱֶΣһԲֻʵ
׼Ϊ½۷֮һݺͷʵ̫ˣܹôãʱԽԽ⣺ڲչ¶ʵܻЩеɻ󣬴
У׼λֱˣѾʧˣ
ϣ׼ҵսҲ᧿Σ
һ¼սܵϷӰ죬׼֮Դ·磬ִƣôһĹѾѹŴ
ҪΪֹ׼Ѿλʥˣ
ǿ½϶ʵһλʥǿ߲֪ҪõʱſԱֻôһᣬλңֻڼǡսûнû֪ʥ
ͬһҲܶ࣬׼֮ϣװ˵ʥͲλгŵװ޿ƥС
ɣ׼ҺֲȾҪٴ䣬ǲ׼ңҪˣмͱˣ
ʼûĶֻ֣׼ҵıڡ
ƺʥǿ˿ںһ㡣
׶ľɣʼվ˱һܣȻֻ׼ұĴڸȤںơ
Ĵ˿ЩУǸеһϤϢʼ޷ϳԷݡ
ܰս֮Ҳʧ
˫ڶţ
׼Ҳ֮ĿⲻʱеλϣȴЩЩǲ֪޷
һͬģûν
һʱ䣬氲Ŀⶼλϣ˵ľսֵĽ
ϲޱҲȫȻںһ㡣
׶оλϾǿ֮ˣΪ׼ϧںҪǷܣ׶ۣ⼸λϵƢװͺ˵׼֮ˡ
Ņ̀׼ҵĺ֡
ϢλϹȻûκξϣҲڶ׼֮ˣȫη
Ǻƺλ˼ЦãȻĵ׼֮ˣȻ׼ҲҪǣǿűֱˣƱҪˣ
ź˵Ļڰеȴһ衣
׼֮ȴǽǿʥƸη׼ƴ
ʱʥҲֻܳΪСһĴڣҪ˾
ߣڤ粻飡
ͷŭ֣ʥǿ̶ҲǷǰһֻ޴ǰֱۣڿеλϣ
׶ĺܾģλ׼ҵ֮ˣһ̶׼ҷֵֺ𾴣Ӧ
ϧˡ̾һڴʱͻ
Ƿľ޴ȻһͣΧռ΢΢Ʊжһ㣬޴ͣڿвǰС
˭
˴һŭ
ȴǾķȥ
˭гһЦ֮ղŲǻҪˣ㵹ǲʶˣǹģ
Ʈ٣޷ѰҷλӵĲм֮ȴΪԡ
˭վڱǰͬһ㣡ԷмһˣӿԷС
Χϸţ´ʲôһ㡣
ףȻеҪ۸׼֮ˣҪңǺǣˣûмȤСһ
ٴδĺȴǲѪСһȻԼСһң˻Գ׼֮ˣ
ҵ˭ԭ׼ҵĳˣǲֻܸ׼Щ˲ʬˡЦ
Ȼ򶨣Ȼӣʵȴڰ߶Ǳ֮еľ޴ƣͬʱѰ˵λá
գڿһ㡣ȻһԵ׶ȴǿȺ֮У˵Զһλá
һλɫӣŵݣţһ㣬еǺʣ˺һ㣬Ȼ͸ֺ
˿׶Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦ죬׶Уٴӵ
ʬȸհɣ
䣡
գǾ޴ƺȻһգ֮Ĵһ㣬ನ޷˳ܣƱйεһ㡣
ŵŵţ
飬ڿȺüؿھҴϢĿ𣚣зŭ𣬿ʼ޷ҵ֮ˡ
ֻһ֮ͣ˺ʵ̫ˡ
뵽ˣѹŭ𣬡㱾ˣô¸ţҲñ֪ں
Զ׶˵Ļһ׼һλôĸ֣ܹѹסʥ򣬾൱£ҲصˡҲ֪λ˭
Ǻǣҽ
У˵Цʧ

߶ƺҪסһ㣬תִһʥ뿪
뿪֮׼˲ųֵϲ֮飬ΣƵ֤׼ҵʵˣ֤׼Ҳ׷ǣǲŰġ
κһλʥ򶼲ϣԼֻڻҼʱԱ˦İû˻ļ塣
˭ǲ֪λȴ֪
лˣ
˳չ񣬼ʹ֮Ҳ㹻λ֮˵ĳ羴֮ģȫȫ𾴡
ֻһ޷ֿ٣ǵ岻ͦǰԭƻִУҾͲˡ
˵ͷ׼֮뿪
뿪֮ǰװԿһ׶λãȴǷ׶Ѿ֪ȥеϵǲõ׶İȫ
ҡҡͷװҲ׼ˡ
׶ں˺ȴ֮ʱѾ뿪Ȼԭʵ̫ԣ׼ҵע
ĸȥˣĽ׶ǰĿյأѾ뿪׶ϲĻ˾
ˣǡ
׶һ·׼뿪
˴ΣŲֻ׼һܵ˾ͬ黹֮ݣ׶û˼ȥ
ֻҪ׼ƽƽôں
λڱ׼ңû˸׼ҵ鷳

ڶʮ ׶Σ

׶һ۷ʧ
׼ҵΣǿģ׼ڸ棬ǰ˵֮ˣΪˣŸ˹
Լĸܵκ˺
ڣؼʱ̣λشڽĿֲֳ棬Ȼ׼Σˣʹ֣Ҳûаա
Ͼֻʥһضѡ
㽫Ϊȥһʵ̫ˣҵΪ
˳С·ǰµĵط
ʥս֮Ĵ仯׶֮УµҲ֪ᣬ̫ˡԣģ׶Ͱ뿪ҵȫĵطȥ
ʥ߼ս̫ңǵʵನֵס

˵С·˼ϡ٣ʹħ޶УտҰ·᫣ɽ»ͨˣ޷ͨ
ڣ׶û⣬һʥ涼޷ֱɱˡ
ʥ֮ǰעط򣬹磬ΪԺҲ˱ؾĸԭ򣬾粻ȣ̸졣ţ׶˼
ĿǰѾʥһض壬Ҫͻƶء
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׶Цܹһ·׷ٶ֪Ϊ˺£ѲרΪҶ
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Ÿٶû뵽һСˡ
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׶û˵ز˵ʲôԺܹܵԸԲŹԼ˵档
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һصƣ׶֮Ա֤Լж糣ٲѹơ
ףȻ֮򣬵С㣬Σ˵ţٴηŴܶ࣬Ҫѹ׶
ǶԴһһСһﻹҪԶ֣˵ȥҪЦ
̫׶ֻԼ֮УȫرԼ˫֣Ȼһ˿ûС
ھͺϵ⣬׸
û׶ȻѲ٣޻֮ûйʹǲһĻᡣ
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ͻȻӿһӳ嶯֮׶ۣ֮̽ͳ徢ѹ¡
ֻڿֵѡ
ǺǣǹǿģͲֿ֪ܹãܹȻһЦ崺磬׶Уȴƶħһ㡣

ڶʮ 

³ѾãָޱȣҲڸ𾴵ԭʸϣָߣʵǿԭڴˡ
һŮӣȴüöжԡ
ȻһЦϷʣ׶΢΢ܼ֣ƻСôʼʵ㡣
ھʵǰһжǸơ
׶ɫֿѹһգȻһŮӵѹȻʵ쳣ǿ󣬵׶Ǿúܡ
κһŮܣ
Уʵֲ̫ԺһȼĴڣʹұ¶ȫʵҲǶ֣Ī˼Ƭ̣׶ڷֿ
˺ɳһ㱻ѹڵϣûһ˿
ţܹ΢΢һ㶣ôˣô䣬ŲԸ񣿡
׶û˵֪ͣǶԷƣĿڴԼģһδδݿԼ
ڣ׶ֳé®Сˡ
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㣡
ܹĿУһӣŵȻͬһ㣬ź֮
׶һҲϳˣλĿֲ֡
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˵Ǻѧһ㶼
ҵ£ܣ΢ƵĶŰӣʹҲһɾޣϧû͡
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ǺݣΪ׼һضûУ׶ɻĵط֪׼һ˿ֲĴڣҲûм
׶Կ϶ʹװԶһ֪λ
µĻ΢΢һЦЦĺºͣ۸СȻԣҳ򱧲ƽ˵вУ
ͬŭĿȸһ㣬ŭĿӣݺݶһᣬת뿪ǰ׶ڣ뿪ϣһλĺ
գתȥ
׶ĪԼȻλӣ֪֣Ϊµǣʵֲʹ׶ǶԷĶ֡
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ǺǣСһﵹƢֲú¶ôȻƢͲáȻһЦ
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λֲİˣȻԼ壬
׶ɴ۾ǲ˼顣
ûɣ׼ҵѪѵ㻹ͬʱڷһɹѪ֮ŨͬϢ׶š
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˲䣬׶ϿλȷԼ塣
壡׶¶Цݣд飬һĨ𾴡
ǺǣСһһζôˣҲǲȻʮûмԼĴֶӡ׶ͷǣиºࡣ

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׶üͷš
֪֮ͬУʥѾһƶݲ£
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ʵϣ׶Ŀˣǲ̫ˣǰͬеһˣΪ󣬸ǳΪʥףبδС
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ʲô׶һ̫˼ˣ
Լ⺣ĥ꣬Žʥ򾳽磬׼ͬλѾ룬Ǻεٶȡ
Լ뿪ʱǻûн̶꣬Խٸ磡
νĻ
Ȼȫֲ

ʮ ʥ߻֮

׶޷š
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˵أΪ棬ԳһƬռ䣬ƫƫռ伫С֮¶⣬԰ʥ򼶱ǿ߸֮ʥ£ﾲޣ
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ĻͬһŷֱӶ׶ϣ˵һֱǣߡһΣΪˣ͸˺ִܶ࣬ˣΪԼˣ׶ԿԸһС
صͷһжڲС
ĿЩãȻ׶ƺ뵽ʱԼң£ΪľǶʱ룬ֻǣΪʥ֪֮оͷġ
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壬һһǰٺǵңǻ۵ģҪȥɲ֪ͨһ׶ЦǺǿ塣
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׶һæڿдͼͼϻŵĶµ˵Ф񣬵ǷȥѰҡ
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׶ȻǹϷŪԼҪԼѾͷѾָõϷԼˡ
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Ц׶뿪ſ½ǰʱһĽǰ׶˽һ۸оֻһ֣


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죬ڹһš

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׶ҽвŷӦΪʱѾˡ
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⼸λԮ֮ɫƣոձˣͿɴ۾ʬһͰֱͣڵϣˡ



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׶ΧѱĴɢɢǿޱȼɵôվţȴûһǰ
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׶ۣ˵⼸ѾĹ龫Ūʧʵ̫ɰÿÿϵ顣
Ը񣬺γΪһɱ֣ðɱ׶
գգۣҿˣϢǹڻѹܣ֪ϧˡ
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ͻȻ̶ѵõ
ſλãһˡ

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Тĸһжãϧôһɷ羰˴ڡ
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µģʧȥɥʧǣֻһ˲䣬û˿ʹࡣɱôˣԼ뷨Ҫÿһµ˶ܵǰʹ࣬ʹڿ־ȥһȤ
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λ򱾸ȴһԸһѾԵǿֲֻܱܣ˿һǵĸ֣ⳡսĽѾԡ
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׶¶һ˿Цݣľ⿴ģֿһˣƾһ򱾿ԶԸ
ЦȻ֪׼ҾǿֲģʵԶ֮ͬˣһ򱾲Ķ֡
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ת˲䣬׶򱾸Ѿϻ˫ƣƴֶΣǣ֮
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׶ʱвòϣԼС򱾾֡
ģ־Ȼ£ɲ⡣
򱾴ʱƽдеһ˿ɵÿµ򱾾磬ʵ˿ϡ
վ򱾾磬֪򱾵Ŀֲ֮Ц¶һ˿Цݡ
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ʱ˲Զ֮һ֮׶ʹһֻλ򱾸ǿƹ£ѾֿѪҡҡ׹
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ץסᣬٴһƣֱӴ򴩴˷ߣشϣͬߵķһ㣬׹¡
ͬʱһƴ͸壬͸·Ŀյ֮ϣңңһ޴֮ӡڵϡ

Ŀ΢ȫݣʵǿ£ݵһ֮׼ҹųڻ˾磬Ƿ磬Դһʮ֮ӡ
Ķң׶Цɱ֣ǣҲڳרĶԸ򱾴ܡ
׶Ŀ΢ҪԣԼܷɱ򱾣
󣡡
׶ߺһͬʱٶϣѱֱӱӿٶȼ죬ת˲佫ס𶯣һ߽ѱռ𶯣ƺиռ䡣
ˢ
תۼ䣬׶ʹʧһռ֮С
Ž󣿡򱾸ɨһۣȵ½ֻнȺоĽЧܹԳƿռ䣬һС
ȻǾͲҪˣҴ򲻹㣬ааһЦ
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׶ɫ䣬˺ͬʱѵʼ⽣׶ף˿򱾴ܡ
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󣬱ǽžоɵ֮ȡƫŷн֮ǿֽϣǸǿޱǿ󣬻ȡϣɱӾˡ
֮ÿһʵǿ󣬺ͱ幥޶ȻµɱʤĶ࣬ǿ
飡
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һѰѷɽֱӴֱ֮ϣһˣɽڴ壬ȫܲŹκһǶȡ

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ʹס䣬赲Щ֮Ȼ޷жϡ

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ʥǿ˵֫ĤȻһЩԴѣ۲
첻˭ұҪе㣬˭Ҳ赲ңŭһ򱾴ŭĿӣܻȼգ屬˵ϵȻ
˺һһ㣬¶ߣ
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ԴԼ·ȻԼصĹ
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ڲ㱣У޷ƻ

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ڶʮһ ׻֮

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򱾵ż֪סʥظ֣أֻʮ֮һҵԼĵͻ򱾣֮·
ԼϰͨϵҼ֮·нҵļ棬ǰ꣬ɵľˣЩ޷ܡ
ʱ׶ڷ޴仯
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ÿһƬëǻƣ·ǣڣβ֮ƻĲϼޱȡ


У׷׶ŵµҲһŭе־ٴʼζҪ׶
׷򱾴ںϼ֮ʽ޷Ӷᣬֻʱѹƣһٴλָ
ߣΣţʹҲҪţڴˣ˻
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˵·ɫȻɫ׶ϵɫ׶

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Ŷ󣬾ȻôֲĳɾԶԶ֮ͬˣԶս򱾾֣ɱ
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սƱ任սѾβȻֽ̬֮ս˺ƴɱΪҡ
׶ս֮УͬɱŨѹһе֣ƵƵ֣ըһʥС
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˺¶һ˿Цݣƾһսż񣬼չͻ򾳽磡

һǾף̶֮нǻ֮ȫڹϲˡһ򣬳ɾ飬߸ϣϽ磬ڳλ˵ĹͬĿꡣ
֮ؾϽ磬ĵط
˰ʾ׶վ˴ҽչأ׼½׶׼ҵ潫һ峤
׶վԣȻǸװ磬Ȼͷ׻ʹڹâԲȴѹ֮ƣ
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˴δҪ֮¾׶λʵѾﵽޣ޷ѹƣͿͻ򣬳ٳٲͻֻΪ˽峤֮λ̵֣֮ϧû˼ϲȻĽ
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һͻȻ֣ƴ֮ڵһλ򱾸֣׼һձ׶µ򱾴ܡ
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׶һֱۣǰеײкＫΪ棬ңƣһ㰴Ӧ֮ǵõԽ⿪š
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һȺŮӾԶΪʥ򾳽磬ȫʥأʵɲ⣬ʥǶܿҿŮʵ̫ǿˡ
ЩŮӣȻڵˣȺһӰɫ棬׶ʶǺ³ϣ֪׶кա
׶еǾãּΪ
Ȼ׼һȺˣʮλŮӯӯȫƮһζģȴɢȥ
ڶصζȻ֮⡣
׶ּˣԶԶģսһЩġ
ŮӣɣһȻ֮Χʥд֮⣬Ȼ޷԰Ρ
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˴ζ׶ˣڴϳ׶ͷչ飬һ䵭Զ
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Ԫķǵȴռռ䲻ȣռֲʱ¶һ϶ʱڿ֮ͨ졣
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ãһâʣռ΢΢ܵ׹ҫۣΧΧʥֻǰâһذ磬һУ̶âָһУΨпռ΢΢
۾̾ҡ⣬˹â½ֻҡԷҡʥ֮ˣǽȥˡ


һڶʥһëȻܵһȻһеĸ߹ͰѪѹƣ֮쳹ȫʹռĻ֮ԵشҲиܡ
ѹѹһӰԶٶ˵ɴ۾
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ѹѹһƬ˶壬ȻһλʿЩʿһλλǿߣؿ֮һɫӴ壬顣

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֮ڣ׶ڲߣʱۿܣй۲죬ͣвͬ΢΢ɡ
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֮죬Ϊңһ
ﻻޱȣû˿򣬺ƬСȣûдռ죬û˿ȭͷǵ˳ڲɱ֮رѪɱ֣ÿʱÿ룬ʥǿڴˣʬĹš
һ׶üƽһƬٲȻ˼侻ⱳȴѪɱ֣ÿеɱǵ
˵أΪϲת뿪ص׼ڵĵطһͥԺΪӴ󣬷ΪԺݵһס
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˴ˡ˴ˣʦֲҲһСС֮˵ӦһλһСӶѣǾ˴ʦһ˵

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Ѫɫʯ渡һѪϿ̻̫֣򽣬ƺһ˲˺󼸲
ʯһζѪ۳һѪɫӣӿǰ𣬽ȾɫһȴͰǸֵûһͨ·ͽֵϵ

ѪдʹະУ̶û֮
龰죬ʹڴҲ鲻⣬üͷ֪ʲô飬׶ǲֻ֪ǽʶǣܵȺ
ãǶᣬǵвлڣͨѪϵҪֵܣ֣ȻˣлҲ³֣ҲҪͷͻȻһХе

ڶʮ ˹

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Żһһ䣬һɴʻ㣬ڴ½𣬾Խֹ顣
ᣬռԷ壬Ҵ½һλʥ½һѪȷ磬˲أˣǲġ
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֯һɹ׸ʹΪҲʥ򼶱ԶԿģʱֻ·һȵż
о꣬ȻԶ֮·ǳ򾳽ΪᣬʹΪʮһҲԷӳԽʥ򼶱Ժɨˣȫɱ
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䣡
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׶߶ѵԲ̽ӿһɫ޴֮ʱͼ֡
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򵽵жǿûﵽ޷ֻ֪ص˽ܹڵ

޴ˮ羪в־壬ѪɫɴڣôҲܱƣζŶȻڽС
׶üͷ壬ɢȥѪɫаĵϰʥͬʱ֣û˿˺ֲʳ󡣲ˣ׶ע⵽ѪɫŨ֣͸һɹѹ֮ơ
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һλĸʹѷȻѹˣû˿ĹУֻܵȴ
λȫ֣Ӧһλ񣬳Խ򼶱Ǹ֮һɱˣû˿ѵ켫ѹ֣Ըܵǹصս

׶еһɽѹ֮ϾʵϽҲһڣƾ½ĵλ֮һҲɱ֣οʥ򼶱
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һѪز˹֮һһա
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ΧһѪɫʯ͸Ź첨ĻΧ룬α䱸мһ˿׶ˡ
ٵˣһᣬûһ˿ˣ׶һͬʱͷߡ
ղһޱǿʵ򻪶ʵ˲һûȫ˿ǻҴţһɹ·һ
һ򷨣׼ʮˣ׶ڴɫһɳǹ׼ƶ
һߣҡʥϷһ׹ҫ۵Բ̫㣬ҫһС
֮ϣ۳һѾ޴󱦽ȫǽΧİѱƣǽŶ˽󣬼ʵǴ
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䣡
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˹Ѫǹؼڡ
磬ǣУҪɱͻȻһƺֻС޷

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ո˵겻ã׶˻˼СԶɫâҫޱȣҪƬػΪһ㡣
һҡʥˣ
׶˻ãֻ΢΢߶ѣҡʥһӦ֪˵ܣʶƹ˽ǰ
ȴŭգǽ߼ѹƣܿܳȥҡʥƴŴ˴ʧأΪҡʥصıȻҲһ޽Ϊ鲻Ϊȫľġҡʥظ֪һ򲻻ᵽ˾ء
Ϊѣҡڱ˽š
âԽԽ¶һȺŰɫ֮ˣ׵·˳Ⱦͬ˵ʹһ㡣
׶עߵɫӰվ֮ǰͷˡ
ˣȻһ԰ɫ򣬰ɫë˵йʹһģһң˵Ķģһ
ӣȻֱʣ߸ʹ֮˶ˣӦת˴αǺֶΣ΢΢ȻҲʥصֶθסˡ
ʥأ׶ǹ֮һҲľͷ˵ʥߴ֧Ӧǵţ½ҡʥأǱ֮һѡ
Ȼʹѵй񣿡׶˫һУλǧתصʱЩС˵һ㣬Ĵʹ
ڴƤһһʹѾ쳤ڶˣͨ񾳽磬ʥޡ
ʥͨ񣬲֮ͨϣһ磬һ統ˣﵽʥļ޾磬ʱ٣򡣱ʥصλʹ磬ޱȿ¡
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׶ӹһ˿ʹâ
Ƭ̺󣬻üͷһ壬ЦȻˣͳ˰ɣʲôʱǻһˣߣ
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Żȥķ򿴹ȥһɫƶƯգƽû˵ע⡣
׶ҲȥҰһƬģйŹ֡
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ӽ֮ʼʧҰû˿ټȴƶ㽵٣˾
׶и첨ˣЩ˵ΪȻڰؾ磡ǽʮλİظ֣ʵжôֲ
ͷļˣ׶Ҳ͸ûϢӦûʥ򾳽磬ֶοΪ
ߣһڶԡ
һӰƶ併££Զǻ֮ˣǵĿĹ֪ڴ˵˶á
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׶ϲȥŮǻʥŮλͬأˡ
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аҲ⣬ЦǺǣ˵棬СʦûóȥȡɣҶһˡ
аʼ磬â
׶𾪣䣿ָˣǺ̫֮ͨǿˡ
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񳯣
׶˫һɣΧ֮ˣһ㶣ϤǴĻʳλ߱ǹбغնɱλ

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Աߣ壬塢ţڣһԹۣȫɻ󡣶Աǰɫâҫıʥأ߸һʹ¶Цݣʹ˧ǹĴˡ
صһӣɫâŹԣһƣһ㲨ɢ˵龰仯ǿճ˺̤ǿһ㣬½һſ

ؽһֽܷܷӡâҫɫŸǿâзһΣһɫӵʯֳ
ţ׶ۣеһɿռ䲨Ϣһš
ţڴϣŽ̵ͷʵѾںһ壬ͬˣȻܳ



а꣬أǴصĲ־âֱڹӴ֮ϡ
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Żζ򿪣¶ŨռϢһˣȼ֣оܣջ
Ϣ֮󣬴źȻ򿪣ǿն𶯡
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𣬻񳯣룬ãٶȿ󣬼ͬʱУת˲ʧ
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׶һڴϺͽŽߣ˵ͷµǱ룬˭Ҳ֪Щڶú괳룬û赲
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Ųʮ˷׷׽룬̤ӴС
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ľ㣡һȥһ׳֦ɣɢһɹ
ľľԷ֮ںγɣ޼֮ʹϽҲΪû뵽ײһ㣬Ա߻ɢ
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ɫ겨׶ע⣬΢΢鴤ԶɫҫȻһϻʯ֮ߣͳȭͷСϻʯʹ׶֪˵ʲô
һﱻ˷֣ǲر⣬еԪϲͣ۾ֱˣԭ˵ıǾЩΪıһĲֵûʲô
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˵ͷʾȡ
Ĺкû֪ǵıֻǽеõѰͻƶѣĹû˿֮ġ
˵ԼĻʳʥλһʹʥ޾磬ҲǿԶԸġ
֪㳣֡

ڶʮ ǧ£

챦ڷڹУֵǮ⣬˲мһˡЩ׶˵ڼƷԵгݺᣬһֻڹϵ伮мıڼʵˡ
Ϊпһ
һȺʥڴ½Ͻ۷ڣ˿ͬһ㣬ȡ챦һġ
׶Ҳ̾ϢһЩȷܺãҲȵĽֻЩȫѳģ˽ˣĴʵ̫ˣУܱ֣Щ֮нڻҵĴڡ
ץʱ䣡üͷǰͨڡ
֮⣬һͨڣͨԶӦô뿪δȡЩȻбȴġ
׶Ƴһ۽ߣƺżӽɱʽǰ֮ʱ׶оƺҲ֪һЩԼļƻؼǽߡ
ѲɽҲͼ׶ü
ʮϢһ˲ʰϣ֣Ȼʥܣ˶ıÿһô½𵴣˷һֽţȡٶ֪
߰ɣ׶ߡڴϸһԡ
һȺͨڣ˽ȥͨһ˲䣬׶һ˿ظоڤڤйϤоȻɸоأŵʱϤͬ׶ɻ
ﵽʲôطΪָоĹǸղŵĶе㲻񣡡׶⡣
ͨ࣬ӳ˵Ӱ죬̤ȥܵһů񣬺һԾ񣬾죡涼ǣҪ񣿡
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׶֪ڴ½ҲǶ֮ںԷɣƽʱٶȣԻ߸Ϲ屦ֵǡ
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ĹǺˣҲ¶һ˿ɣ࣬ʵǴֱʣֵ֪Ρ
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˲ڳɣͷϿ׶ԣģн׶һȺƣʵҲô롣
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Уϲ֮ˣϾʥ̫ѣЩϹŶǻЩʽһ£ѡ
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׶ɫȴ֣еϢȻŨ˼֣ƺٻԼǣΪìܡ
˸̾һǰУ룬ʼĻ಻֪٣Ҳż·
·ɽˮ֮Ůױͼ׶ϳһλŵȵĻһˮɫĳȹȶˣ˻ࡣ
лף̣װΣһչƷĵطŨϢûӴһ˿Ĺĸо
ֱǰһ˿ڰʱ΢΢㱣ƾһƻõ磬棬δÿһƷǴƷ
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أ޷˵֮ǧܹ죬Ҳͷʹޱȣûкõİ취

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ǧ磬ӵǧشǧ֮ӭڤڤ֮н򾫻ϣֶѾ޷ݡ
˴ţߺڴҲһ٣ֶ似
û뵽Ȼּĸ֣Ƭضס˵״ﵽ־磬ѲɳƬ磿
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䣬Ѿ׷׶֣ɫâɢȥһҫâɫϣܱǧһƬ
ǧÿͬɫҲȻ罣֮ݺᣬԶԶһƿһ޳ϸ֮ϣɢâֱð
ٱ磬ڰͨɫپִɢһϢһ㻹кܶ࣬ԣȽײ鿴
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Ҳȥɣ׷׳֣ʹʱ׶£׶ûΪ£ǧʱɾ͵òʧˡ
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һΣԽԽСŽԽ࣬ϢӣҲӰ졣
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׶ԭΪԼԽԵʣӦϷκξһʱ䣬ûκһħԪϣ룬ı˼·
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ڶĵλʷϣÿһĺۼ׶а⡣
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С˳Ƭգ泩֣ˮҲ˵ùȥʮֻ׶һƫ򶫷ķ򣬹ȻϸһЩ
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׶һʱһ˿⡣
ԣһ֮Уֻǲһ㣬ӦǺ֮Ƶģѹһǡ׶۾һǶ֮򣡡

ʮһ ս


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ڶ˷׷ȥȹϵϣüͷ΢΢չջ񣬲ãȻһҲûС
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ŶëЦһӦ֪Ĺأڽе鶼ףǹϵԼ㲻˰ɣ
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Լ΢΢ɣ䣬·ʱɧֻУûᣬëˣ˴Щͬ߹ĿˣСңܻޣѾ˴ɻ䣬ȥⲻһ𷣣
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׶һ˿ᶨʵҪУңҪԽ
񾳽磬Ǳ˵Ŀ꣬ҪԽԶԶֹ
飡
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飡
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飡
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ֱ΢Ȼƾջû޴ֱһģһֱëҲźâֱ΢΢ζֱɫĻȥֹ
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׶ɫĻ͹飬ֱۺ͹ĻڼҵĶԿӦƾУëһ弫ΪǿᣬһûҲǿ󣬼ȱʵ
飡
ӲƴһʹûֱۣëҲմκαˣһƽ֣ŭһջֱۡͬʱһɷ籩ϯù飬ѪһƬΪ
Ů޼˵мսѾȴæ˺󣬱ס

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飡
δ˵̤أ죬ҰްԭʼһΧϢԶۣͬıһ㣬ֱָŮӡ
ŮһЦ֣ɫɢУɫ侹лɳɢ˵رһƬɫҫ⡣
˿ļǾѾݣȫصķ֣·һѾ޽һ֮ޱǿԽһ

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ŮУâٴһһɫأλװзıЩײࡣ
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飡
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ܹâţԭ׶˿խСͻȻһ䣬һһй㳡СĳأһƬŹɫǿ壬ǽ岻ȴΪʵȥһֳظо
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׶һ̾ʱȴĬ֮ʱȥǰδĿô̫ˣ벽ϴ˺·
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תظ֣һֱ͵͵ں󷽣Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ҪȸҲҪԼľ׹һжҵģظֵĲƸл֮·Զˣ
Ц֮ƺʤȯգһУ۷ֶС


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󣬵ڲͣһԼ죬׶ͣܣΧмͬŮͬѧչ
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зͣղһĻĻ׶ȴ̾һѾУȻֲͬһ㣬ʵϣֱ仯Уһ·ô֪ģ⣬᲻档

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ټƵУΨǼͷʣ׶ʶ̽ȥͬһ㣬͸ڵ⣬޷룬Ȼ֪
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ݸͻȻ֣ˣ˿ǰ֮ײˣǿصĸ֣ϲַοݸӵĻײˣΣȻûĿܡ
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ʱŮͻȻһתͷȥ֮ؾȻƾճһͨͨԶ
΢΢ԥ˹ȥ׶˳·ǰУǲôģŮб֪·԰ȫ
ʱһƽ̨ߵأＫΪ㣬˵֮Զβμӿ֮ˣ׶һ֤ʵ˲ֻдǲμӿ˵һˣˡ
ǲ֪ĸǡ
ƽ̨кܶ࣬һԣԿңңƽ̨Ҳкܶ飬ˣ֪ж˲μڶصĹż
ﲻʲôٸôһٸӶûа岻ƭǰɣСֹ
˵ٸΣôһ㶼ûзأﻹû·ô߰
ʱһãӲЩԲͬ磬ͬķҲͬԸϲͬ
һᣬ׶ǰҲ֪ЩԲͬĵ򣬵õϢҲͬٸһԶż౦ͻһõɳ嵽ߵĲΣУ񾳽ĸ֣ǿһۣȻ̲סջ
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Уʯͷײ֮
׶ȥÿһƽ̨֮ǰͻȻʯͷһϸС·С·ͨԶƽ̨С·ƽУͷ
˸ղǰʱɻ󣬵Ҳȥÿƽ̨в˲ηȥ׶⡣
ϾǱٸкܶΣգͻҲУһܵõͻΣ棬ѡƴһƴ
ʱһ½뿪ͷĬŮӽһ¶ԵЦ⣬˸Ŵһǰ׶Ǹܾڲͬ嵽ʱ˵
ʯ·խʵܰȣͨǰһĳǳأ߸ߺĳǽǰǰ£飬Žûܹȥ˶سǳظɵҲóȻǰС
ǰһСȺ壬׶ע⵽ЩȻֻ࣬ϰ˶ѣ֮ڣٵĿЩ˵ʵȴ񾳽磬׶֮͸
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˻֮ʱ򿪣¶һɳϢ˹ȥ͸򿪵ķ϶ۿ
һɲɣϢӷ϶гȫȻ˸еһµţԶʱǹɻ򿪣һڣ˳ȥ԰
ȥǳУȴĹ㲻ʮһţڹбĳǽһгǣԵء
Թ֪ˣżмأڱٸżһԹ棬ֻͨԹɽżСһ߻ڣ϶
ԭˣ⾹ȻһԹ
׶ϸ˿ǺЩĿһԹĹ۲쵽ŮߵĻ¶һ˿ЦݣӣϢġ
˵Ҳ˵ԹкܶصĶǱٸã
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ӰȲĳ˽ȥ֮˿׷׳ȥ񶼸ȥˡ
ʮڣһģһλòͬûʲôء
׶ûóȻǰżдΣգ⻹һԹԹ·⣬Ҳȷ·ĪҪ̸ˣܷųȥһ⡣
˱糣Ȼȵѡ֮󷽲ſʼѡ񣬳ŵĸͷߴ˽ȥ׶һۣҲŽȥע⵽ҲȻע⵽˵ĲƣԽԽˡ
׶ֻصľ磬ôֵǹע

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ԹдŹżĴʯǽסһУ¶һ˿˿ӿһɹ¼š
һȺӿԹУ˳ǰ·ǰر
ߴ˽ԹǵĸԹƺʲô֪˵һѡ˵ĸط
ԹϼһʹǿʶҲֲʲôͬѡĵԹȻĿǡ
ϣܹҵǶôˣҲ֪ڲڣҪǱ˸ô죿ŮԵЩ˷ܣԹ󣬿ʯǽЩ
ʯǽһ΢Ϣ˲
ʯǽƸߴܹڵһУδһأʯǽĺ棬һĪΣգȻҲһĻԵ
Ѿͷģڴʱ˵ǶڱٸУһȡߣٸҲڣҲҡҡͷԼ׵ĺӣԺҲҪעһ㣬̫嶯ˣס㣬㲻һʲô
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ϣǻǿǰɣﲻ֪жˣĪҪñ˽ǵıˣԱǰϵ
ŮСװͷͬ
ҡҡͷż˼ǰУжŮΪϲⷬҲδԣŮ˹ȥ
жԱٸбͣȫԹУⷬδñ
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ըѿһӴƣضΪΧԵأѾǶˣԹмǿĴڡ
ΪڽԹʱһϢ֣ЩԽ򾳽磬ﵽ񼶱֣ȫʧϢߡ
Թڣǿ飬Ī۷徳ĸ֣ߣ֮һ
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һ죬ڰϮֱ֮ӱˣ۾ʵǲֻǣ˵ʱ¶һ˿ЦĿ䣬ֳƣϮԶһڰеӰò֡
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׶һͬδ뵽˻֮ݣڣϢûб׶εûб¶ɨһԱߣﻹصϢ֪ΪΣûне
ΣˣʵԸһԣˣΪ׶ת󱲣Ůн߬ŵ̡
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һҵסЩˣ̴Ӻ뿪סҲҪס̣Ҳܶһļ֤ǶˣһҲ׶ˡһסһӰһ߶λ󱲡
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ֻǣۿǸŮӱŻе̱ҪûԹͨУһȥԹصĹ죬Ҳ˿ټɫһһ£ȫϮɱߡ
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üͷֲʱȴеһɸӴѹϮѹȻңѹеΪҪЩԼĶУȴԼһĻᡣ

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׶΢΢ĬԵȷˣʵǴ󣬱ǿܣȥֿûԸܡ
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⼸һҲŶͬʱǰ׶ҲС
ǰǿ΢΢һظǰסǿ壬֮ͬһ㣬ƾظλȻվסظǰ򣬷ˡ
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Թͼ׶ٶȷɿ죬һݾٶȷ׷гΪһ

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׶ɵϣһһ׻ʵаʵ
׻ʵڶȴûţֳɣ˹пˡͶֱ쾫񲿶ӣڶʱѸײڶ֮͵Ϯ
ƶõķֻͣһʱ䣬øֺúϤսˡ
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׶˼ôˣɽͳһʲôֵôǣ
ܹ׶üĴһ˿ǣЩۣ׶һۣ飬˵һ顣
ڶսһֻ£ɽԺɽܸںһЩ׶ź
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׶϶һȥɣɽȻ룬òҪСġ
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ʿնվںɽϷ΢΢һЦóһƴĺɫƣ׶һۣ棬һӵ֣ÿһʶϣ˳Ƶһ棬һбŵĽۣأֻһ롣

վڿУʿһ֮΢΢һУɫڿҫâضð
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һɫâһţûɽ϶䣬̶ɽ𶯣ƺҪѿһ㣬иַգ档
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עıǵʿһıֵķɫ

ߺһʿֵӡ˫ֱֳָߵɽڡɫâûɽУɽ΢΢һ续㷭¶һڵĴţ
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仯ϣδ˾ϣȥżڵ٣бڰŵӣçײȥ֪ν
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ʿ뿪֤е··ӦǰѱűƣʿֱӽżУֻǰ·׶Ѱ˼
ѡ·ӦһҼȻ֪żȻж׼˿·ٲ·
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󷨣ܹĶ˻棬졭׶üһʱ벻ð취ֻܲסĹĶ׻Ԫֿȣͬʱס֣׻Ԫѹڻ档
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ʱǰ΢΢һ٣̶ĵһսɿ涶ĸΪ䣬һߴ׶ͺ˷֮ܶ󣬸޷ֿ׶Ĺ֣ע׻ȫֿ
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׶֧ţʱҲûа취һյ磬ʣл治ʱѴ죬ܹĻ档

һɿûֹͣ׶ͫǰĵڶɿļ󣬵һֻŽţ붯Ҳ̫ˣСĽ

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죬޵¶һ˼ɵĻ֮ɫеһ׶һֱΪǰ˳ˣ۱ǵ죬ʱûΪǿҪʱʹá
֪ԼˣҴĺףӿڱˡ
ۣȷǰ˳ģʼǲǵһۣǵһʼѾתֻ׶ûз֣ĽǱջ˵ֶζѣ죬ģҲΪصġ
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׶һʣǵݣԭΪأ綼ǽɴڵǿߣֻһεĽ棬׶֪ⵤݸΪأԼô򵥶ѡ
ϣԿһ˿׶૵
ʱһаռݣֺһѹĲӣ󣬱ӵŵϹŵеȴ𾴣һ˿ִŵ⣬һ׶˳ҪʹУûע⵽
һжǲúõģͨһõĽһ㣬ԤıģֻһӶѡҡͷһ̾׶һ˿ˡ
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׶Ҳһ޷ѳֱƿصĸоֻܳУ֪ʱǾͷǹıֻҪʵʵĹصľ񹥻׶ҵƳصʵ龰
ֻǣ벻ֻͬ׶ԼļУ޷԰ζѡ
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׻أ׶һֱΪ׻سֱ֣ӺԼںһءô꣬׶Ȼ޷׻ǿԼʵӵ񼶱ʵȻ޷֪׻жôǿ
ֻǵ׻ܹոַ򾫻׶ʵ;磬ͳһ㣬׻һ
٣лδصıǿʵ
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һʹߵŭŵң㲻ˣʹǰǷץģ
ʲô

ʮ ޸ɽ

һλʹ¶֮ɫ΢΢һ
ǰλʹУĲЦһֱɱ㣬κΣ˶ɱġ
һţǿס𾪣ɫЩףͷϺˮܲǿţʹ޸ˣʹҪɱңҲҪйָ㲻ҪڴſڿӣҪֱʹˡ
ɫһ䣬ﲻһλʹߴʱѾǿڸɣʼɫˡ
ڶʹɨһۣǱɱûлˣӦ뵽ֽӣȷһõİ취ϧûʵעһҪˡ
ڶʹ߱ɨһۻֲ̿ĵһʹߣʵûо˵ıԣͼμӶ̤֮һʱ򣬽Ѿע
ģӲô
ʱһʹѾˣԷҪɱԼӴѾ׼ˡ
۲Ŵԣһļǿ߱ǸǿҲһеľģԼ׵ˣοһ¼ūţڴУֻһѡ
һңĵһʹߣ׶һɾηһ˿棬ӵǺˣȻˣһ֡
ʣһʹߵһӣһöӣҲУһֱҵʹߡ
㱩¶ʵ˿̽е滹硣ֵ̫ʣλֽɱ
ı֪ҲҪˡ
·һɱһȫʬΪ޸ľıꡣڶܵʱ䣬ܹܵ󣬲Ǳץ³ң֮ء
΢΢һ㶣ڶʹƺ뵽ʲôı
ⷬݲˣȻҪɽɽӵһӣΪҪʹ¶ԼҲҪʵˣһʹ߱
ڶʹʱı⣬Ȼ뵽ʲô
Ƴһۿһ仰ת뿪ˡ
½׻ˣһԼලƱҪ֤Զܿڡ
˵꣬޸ǿ뿪ˡ
ڵڶʹ߻˵꣬׶бǸеһɱӵ˼ǱԼѡӪһ׶ʾԼǿʵԽ׶ԿǿߣȻ͸׶㣬Ȼ֪
ˣ׶Ȼ˳ӣҲҪһͶ״Լ
ɱλʹߣǺʹӶֻй˳һ·ɱ¾޸ʹߣһ¶ȥ׶ڶû֮ء
һʹû˿ԥһҧڷתٳУת۱ʧΣҲҪһлĻᣬȻûаװ׷ĵ
Ȼֻһأٶ˿ϰǷԷٶռƣܻһ˿ġ
׶뿪ˣ̾Ϣһһۿǰһ̤
ߵǵ۵ǻ֮·㣬ƫƫҲǻ֮·ֻһִڷʽ׻ʣϣס
ɫ׶뿪
׶ʵǿҲòޣȻԼ׶ʱҲ˵ʤϧҰ̫ٲԼ޷ƿص˴ڡ
ҪôĹ鸽Ҫô
ϣ׶ԳĹ鸽
Էзٶȼһ֣ϧڶϣͬ׷߱ȲߣңһʹʵԶԶȲ׶߲ʵ̫
ٶʱ䣬Ҳ޷׶ƿء
˹һ·ۣ׶Щӣ˴ԭǿֵ̬׼ӵĲģȴԼ׽֮Σգһʧܣһ˿ûУΪԼ룬ҲҪǺ
޸ˮ̫ˣһݺᶫĴɲ⣬Ȼȱ޸϶в١
뵽һ̾ǰһɫӰƴ򣬼׻£׶һʹϾŵı飬ƴܣк쳱߶ھѪ
Ѫ˵ıԴ֮һѪʧ࣬˱ʣ࣬ǾѪľ;ƿݣʹҲ޷ܿ
һʹߣþһֶܡ
һǶԷеӣֻܽˣȻһҡҡͷһ̾׶һٴγʱѾڵһʹǰ·ϡ
׶Ӱͣû˵ʱⰲ
ǰˣһʹһ㲻İɽڶǿߣ׻ʵסҲ˽ֻȫڿˡ
̰ԭһһأȻͼ֮УǱȻģֲñˣֻԹԼ̫
۾һ̣·࣬˳ɳһУǰδеİ
˵һ̣ǰϦ֪һУͷΪգϧĻ᲻ÿ˶ˡ͸ˣȴûзصĻᡣ
׶Ҳû뵽λʹ߻˿һĻϧΪԼǺǺɽ˱
ǲпķ򣬰ˣֻôһ³
׹ҫһɫ׵紩Ƶһʹߵţһʵ׶ּɸˡ

磬ᴵϹɢȥǰѾûеһʹߵΣˣߣˣȥ
һ̾Ϣ׶׹ʧ

޸Ƕ˴֮һƸ𣬸̾ᣬʤǿıǰ˴۾˵꣬ʵ̣ʵԱġ
޸ǰ˴֮һҲƵļ
޸ʵڰ˴½ˣȻελصĵ̺ʵ̫ӴˣʹһɽҲ򲻸С޸
˵һʹߺ׶صɽ
ŵڶʹ뿨һ޸
޸λ޸ɽǶ޸ϳڣԲʮﶼ޸ܱĴ߱Ǻɽ
һˣҴ޸ɽ¡˺٣˵ڶʹԼ£׶Լ֮⣬ʮλصĸ֡

ʮ ޸

޸ɽ治ϵɽɽȴһǽ֮ǡ
˳һʥ֣ʥǣΧеżһϵ̫һ㣬ҫ磬䡣
޸ɽ̫ۺ񣬺֪ضʵû˸óȻԣֺκ˿Գܵġ
޸ǣųķ׶𺳡
޸ǿߣأȻձ龳粻ߣȷʵ񾳽硣ʵԶԶɽȺвϢ׶ȴܿóЩǸֻ֣ҪҲڵʵںɽ죬޸ֻһССӡ
Ĳ࣬ʵ̫
ֶ㻹δȥ޸ʥأֱأ޸ڣ֪Ρ
׶ߣĸ̾
޸ǣܶΣǳϤԶԶû׶𺳣¶һ˿ϣƺ޸ʥزãǸӦȥĵط
޸һ˵֮ǣ˽֪޸ĵڡлȥκһȥ޸ʥصˣΪ̾·һ㡣
һ˵лȥ޸ʥأʱлúùͣ
һԵĵڶʹһı䣬ںɽʱ˼˿Ϊء
һڵڶʹߴ£޸ǣڶнһСԺ
СԺΪģ˼ĳǳһԺʾ̵ʵ
СԺ߳һɫ꣬ŵڶʹߵͷ˳ȥܿʼ̽
ﲻʹʶ׶ղ̽ʶܵ谭һڴʶĲ̽
׶СԺڶʹһԲϤĵСԺƺסһ㣬ҹգһ䷿ڡ
ķ䣬ûƷڷ룬һص·飬Ĵڷһöҫ񾧡
׶ˣǴ󣬱µСԺֻתһѡ
һ£ǱᴫӵĹ
˵һ䣬ڶʹ߿ʼƣαΪҪ׶óһֶβܼĴ
׻ʵвƵƣⷽרң׶Ȼ˽ⲻܿóء
ֵӡһâסĶһɫâСһɹڷϢȷϤʱתϢϢЩ
ʱǿǰϣС˵񻰣֤һ㡣ڿѧϣٿѧŻѪ֤ʱղǹɿռԪءͬˣУʮһ򣬹֮ʮһ֮ϣصʱշ
ʱշ򣬷ΪʱͿռַ翣û˿ԸַֻнȻķۼ̻ƣܽʱշ
ĳԣ˴ĵ
߰ɣ
ڶʹ߽Ƽ׶ͷڿ󣬴ȻȴԴˡ
âʧԭء
ٴγʱѾһ֮أ׶ܣֻһûʵĹƣʶѹƸǿˣ׶ľ磬ʶ޷ֻΧѲѣǿҵѹƣһλʦֱʡ
󣬲ڴѾһ˵Ⱥڶʹ߽һǰ·׶˸ں档
˹һӴĽȺޱ޼һ㣬׶ȵͷ֮ϣһɫӰա
֮ǣ
ĸ֣ڿеķǵģ׶ܵǽڣߴĳǽҫһɫĹ󣬾ԲǷ
֮ǣҲ޸ʥأлȥʱ֣ᷢԼڵǶôСǿߣľҲв٣ߵã
׶Դ֮ǡ
̤̤
ʱǰŲ׶Ϳеڶʹ߶ʱȥǰˣ˵ģ
ˣ˺һҲȴһɫӣ¶һɰεӣʾ˲ݡ
ӣ
ڶʹһ㶣һԾţôҲû뵽ǰ˾ȻǴӣǹĳӣҲϣ̳й֮λǿߡ
оԻܣʹҲ֪ʲôʱû뵽ոմ͵˴ӣڶʹ˵𺳡
׶Ϳ֪ݺҲ𺳡
֧ӣù֮λľֱǴӡ˾۲ţֿܶáˣ׶ܹܵľ磬磬ұȿҪǿһ
Ҳ޸û磬Ҳ˵ȥ
׻ʣĽλѾãû뵽˵λ޸ǣһˡЦȻ˽ܣв飬ܵǺøλֳıȲ
һ̾һʵӡ
ԭεľطɳ˼֣׶û뵽ģжԴҲͣȻжԣ˵ķȺʵ׶
һӦеȡ
ӽĿ׶ϣͣ׶Ĵ˲żüõʥУʵǰûʧ
һͣ·׶սһ㡣׶΢΢üû˵ʲô
˫ǵжԣȻ׶ԴӵȺͣϾӪλǺ̬ȣ׶ӼĹϵΪ׶Ҳ֪ϢΡ
λڶʹ߿ɲʡ͵ơ
ӣǱ߻飬ˡСҪ˺׻ǰȥڶʹ߿Ŵûֹͣļ̲ס
˵ͣû˿ֹͣ˼ǲֹ˵Ҫ׶Ϳع˵
һ۵ڶʹߣ΢΢һЦû˿ŭãҲܾõˡƺ뵽ʲô׶һɽϢҪ׻ʣȻܵ˺ܾã׻ǰȥʱ
˵ţԱߵƮȻȥ

ʮ ټ

ƮȻȥ֮ͬ뿪һ˿ĸӣ뿪ȴĬ˼
߰ɣӿµȾˣ
ڶʹһ仰ǰ·׶Ϳں棬һԲ
һȴǺı֪䣬ȴɹˡ׶һ۵ڶʹߣӳɹ֮ڴˣǰһҲ״
޸дУһƬ޴磬޸ĺڣ޸޸ڵأĵطҲסһЩǿߡ
׶оһЩдǿƣÿһļ£ǸֵáͬʱҲ׶֮ǲһ˷ܣֻôĸ֡
ѵ翨ԣ
ڶʹߴ·ԽһЩطһɸûʵĹ͸һϣ˵رӵĹ
ſλȣÿʵأػſڣʾӵʵ
׶йֵͷʵ޸ɫͬһʵ̫࣬ʹԽҲв٣޸Ҳ١ΪλӶڲͬƺ߿һۡ
а׶
˹ŷж죬ǷŮʱ߶ÿòɵӣһɰ׶óЩŮʵҲСȻǿҲ񼶱
޸Уƺټµǿߡ
һûҶǽװϽɫϽ߹ӦӵĹ׶аŵڶʹһ·̤Ϲ̨ף빬
ܽǿرʶޣ׶ǹΣյϢءԱߵĿҲȻߣ׶ɿ뵽أϢ˲
˲ǵˣ෴ȴӵ£˲
Уڸλϣйɾµƣһʱ䲻øӳȣͬҲǷâ¶
Ϣȴһɺصѹ׶Ϊ𾪣ȻʱӵʵдͻҲδɡ
ڶʹվһԣƺû˵ղӵ飬׶Ϳף϶˵Ҳ֪
ӣ
׶ͿԼ𾴣Ǿ֮
ԭһĿɨ׶Ϳɫһ䣬ͻȻЦ崺磬ߵ棬׶Ϳ
ˣӿǵ˺þãǱӵ´󽫣ȱǣʵ޷ʹȣˣҲкһϳ̵ĻᡣӺǿġ
˷ܹâ·׶Ϳ˼̳й֮λ⡣
֮ޱΣգҲǸ߶սĶԾͨʵҲû̫׶ԽսԶԿʵʵʵڣһǿ
ɽ绢
ȥ뿨׻Ҫ̣ˣǡӳŵڶʹߵ
ڶʹһ˿ԥɻ󣬵ͷȥ
ӵ飬Ѿʶӣֻǣû˿Ӧڶʹߺܲ⡣
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׶һ̸Ц·һӣһȴܳںĿģⶼһ۲š
ֻǣʹȣĸΪɫأ
¾Ʊ滹һɻ֮ɢķ㣬һֲɼٻļ㣬滹һЩȻ֮أַİٻһմȾطƣ𣬻Ϊ
ӵвʱͻճŵҪ󣬻ڽѡµĹǰλ
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ȣԲܶ࣬ңʵҲһ֮£˺ܶࡣ
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ص㣬ֻѡб㹻ľʵõϿɣܳΪ̳ˣҲΨһĻᡣ
ȻϾӣӶһ۲ţĸ涼νǿʵ۲š
Ϊһ֮֮һҪѹȺ۵ʵҪо˵ıԣִˣҪһģʵ¡
ʮ󣬻һιټǹκѡߣҪһᣬлΪΨһĹߡ
ɫ࣬˵ʱҲûе
ϱλС̫࣬ʵӺͶ޸ܴ˿ƥСܲ
ᣬûлʤĿܡ
չ޸ʥнУ޸ʥǵǿ֤ʱÿ˿ԴμӣҪҲμᣬһɽڼ
˵üͷչ֣ɽߣ֪ġЩ츳ˣʵǿߣԶͬ׵ǿߡ
ҲΪӴֶΡ
λ׶λƴţİմ˼֣ӪԲ̫ࡣ
һ׶ͿصԵĹϢڽ޸ʥ֮ǰֺԼʵǱġ
˲֪ǣ뿪֮󣬵ڶʹֱٻعУ̸һأֻ֪
ʱٽ޸һɽŵķΧ˶֪޸һιҪˡ
ֻǲ֪λӵĸ
УӺͶӵĺߣ곤Ϊ޸йٹףʵõ˵Ͽɡ
෴Сʵһƽصĺû˿

ʮһ ޸

ʱҴңʮһα㵽˵ֻǼȹˡ
һգ޸øأһɳصķΧ޸ڳлһЩ޸бɷ֣ÿ˶أ֪Щʲô
ˣʱ䵽ˣڴŴˣ
ſһλţ𴫵ϢСһۣȻ£׻һصĸ֣η塣
ӵ£֪λԺɽǿߣӶȡλ
һپ٣ӵõ֮λЩҲˮǴߡ
֮λ֮ײ뵽ˣȻ֪û̫Ļᣬϧȴǲ֪
̾Ϣһʮյıչأ׶ûʱͻƣЩȣҪúụ̀ңʮҲͻơ
һֱ˼εĶ飬֣ԼϵõһЩϢóһòŵĽۡ
ûһ˿õ֮λĻᣬһеļһеϣֻ˼ⲼõĶѡ
лõ֮λΪλû˿֮֮
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ׶뿪䣬ǰ
һ·ϣӹе¶һ˷ɫгһʤϢ·Ѿ˹һһ㡣
գ΢΢ҡͷδҡ
УѾ˲ˣһɫׯӣɫһɷâ¶İ
Ա߱صĿһӵĸ£ʵǿϢǽӽĶ֡
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ʹ׶ҲſԶԿܣˣûһġ
ɽɴǰֻһηܣɢҪʤǲܵġͷı嵽ʲôȻôʵ
׶𾪣ͷںı塣
޲츳ҲΪͬǿޱȻ޵Ѫ߿϶һ޵Ѫ
ӣ׶
¶һЦ⣬ͷ׶аմ˺ܶ࣬׶ʵļ¡ӱֻ벽ͻ磬ʵ׶ȻеһڤڤϢоԼ׶ֻ·һ
ǺֵһָоҲ󣬵õһ˿
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ͬʱӣӣҲ׷״Ÿ£ǰ޸빬
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ӣ׶һμ˺ʹòƣҲˣͬ硣
λӱ˴ЦЦûжԣ빬С
빬ûʣһ̾ڴ˵ľӭһİֻһҪĸо
һ֮Ƕ˴֮һ
˹Ѿ˲ǿߣͬӣֻиŮӣһʵǿߡ
λһɫ۵ӣɫһӣʾ󡣽ѪһһޣΪѪʺʵ޶Ҫǿᡣ
Ϊߵ

׶˹λҲ͸һɾηǰĲֻǵĸףǹĮңļͥУݣעؼǿߣȴʧȥӦе顣
׶һμһߵģͷƣ˳ĺ֮ꡣֻлһļ¡
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˼һ㣬
վڴУ޸Ҫ˴漰̳ˣ¹ش󣬽ټ
Ⱥʮλǿߣǿߣ׶𾪣޸ĵ̣ϱ˶ǿߣصʵкεǿ
˴ѡ̳ˣʸ񣬰ƣῪ޸ʥأᣬʤ߱һι
λ޸ڣ͸һɲɣ
ÿ˿ѡѡ֮˱޸ǲ֣ȡʸ񣡡
Ļ͸һǿƣһ
䣬ɵıǱ˴˼໥ֶԷǶҡ飬κ˲ܡǽùȻڶԷ޸ΪһĹ޸
ˣ涨Ҫ
˵ͷһ˿أҲ֪㣬򲻻Ѱ·ҲΪƫҪҿԭҲ֡
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˰ǰ޸ʥء޸ʥر֮ǣ빬Ϸ˶Ǹ֣ڿնǰ޸ʥء
޸ʥأ޸ǿ֮һӴ֣ûķŸ޷룬޸óһƣһͨ˲Ž
׶ǰΰĳǳأһС֮ġ
޴ĳǳأеһ㣬ǳϿ̻ķģУ͸һɹص֤ǽİȡ
ſڣλػĽ׽޸ϥء

޸ͷǰ˳ǡ
ոǣ׶䱻ǰľˣ۴ȻһӴĸɽʱ治ģɽǰƸǧɽˮһңԶ
޸˶һǰδеɽ·ǳʥ֮أ׶Ϊ⣬֪ԭ

ʮ 

һĻ׶ԭأ֪롣
޷Ӵɽ壬һص󷨽ڵ棬ɿˣ˲Ż𺳡
ɽ壬Ƽ䣬ҡֱϣƺҪƲһ㣬ɽƵڵ˵ɽ˸еһĿֲ޸ʥһֳʥϢ
޸ضһ֮һѣȻ˵̣ɽԲǷڲأӦһһλصǿߡ׶𺳡
˵ı飬һּµϣ·еһλؼǿߣˣʥһ
ɽƾǰȴпɼ·ֲͬλУ׽͸
Ƭ̺˲ջϵָƽ
׶ΧļˣӺͶһ˿ȵľ⣬ɽһּȵĿȻʲôŻ˱֡෴ȴЩãȻоҲֻŹ˶ѡ
׶ҡҡͷ
ˣµıǻȽϣȽ֮˸ߵ֣֮˲ࡣ
΢΢ͣ٣ǰУ˸ϣ׶лῴܵ
ܺͨĳǳûʲôͬһĽһ˿׶Ϥĸоȴ벻ԸߴĹΪǱʿС
ЩʿԹҲû˿˼һ˳У⣬·ûиоһ㡣
ʿ׶૵з֡
ʱ׶ΪεЩߣһһţרעһֻǿĸޱοԽսǼ򵥡ֿԣԷԽͬǿ̫ˡ
һȺµǿߡ
΢΢ͷڶǿ߼ǰһ·ϣ׶ʼճһ޷У޸ʥ׶𾪣еһֳʥϢΧƸ߷ܣһ޷ķΧ
ʥزͬһֻǱʥأ޸겻ûе
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һκ׶̧ͷǰͫ
ǰ۴ɽĽ£ǰȴһ·޷Խľ޴ѷ졣߾ͷĸ߷ǰ·ֿɼǵ͸һϢķ϶赲һУͬһ޷Խǵ
ҲǰһĻ𺳣Ҳδ뵽ˣ߷ڣ޸еĽأҲʥڣû˸ԶԶհǱϵķʽ
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̶һʵĽɫֳ׶ǰֿɼ׶ȴûг֣ǰָһָо·ӢںϣƺһŽɫսһ̵Ĳǿߡ
սһУΨһսף
ɴɫ֣һ˿׶УʱоɫʧԼģԼڣѪ÷ڣڲ
ʶУԱߣҫһ˿⣬̶ֻΪϽɫ

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ƬƽʵڶޣЩ;޴ÿͬ޵УԶԶͬ׵Եֵġ
κˣĴҡҡλΣҪʱͣ𶯣ЯоÿĴ򶼶Ī˺ʱˣ֧š
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ˮʱһƿֲľײ֮ɫײھӴ͸ǿʱҲƶٶȣ޷ܣŭУߵвŵŭ
쿹
뺣ƴۣ
аһѣƴײ֮𣬾о޳ѣҵײһԶʱڵʱ˵еľض
ʱһСķ档
㣡
ۿд־һĻ׶ƴСϴ󣬻һ⣬ںдУһмܣޣЩı
Ԫˮ
׶һ׻֮£üоһĨĨʣ澹ȻҺڵ
˲䣬׶ϳʡ
Ԫˮ˵жˮһ֣ųˮصһ֣ÿһζнӰˮ˵£ˡ
ˮֻдڣҲټһγˮԷĸַᡣ

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һָ׶˵ˣһҫɫâرȻӦĵطҲʱѣޱ׼ȷ
Сֵʾ㿪ΣһѪԴ󣬾Ȼû˿˺ۡ
ѪѪҺɱģСīɫѪҺȾԡУȸʴϷ
ã
߶һ߻ָһߴ
޵ѪҺҲһֱоһľڣиǰһӵеľѪش裬ޡѪҺھһϵѪʳʮˣϧ˵ȴһ޽Ķҩ
ǿҵĸʴͶԣʴСһ⡣
һˢСںдУܱϮͬʱϴīɫѪҺ
ѪһθΪңԪˮᣬÿһɽھ֮ϣѪը޻ѣƬ䡣
⣬⣡
ôֳˣ
׶ȻԶɫҰףҰڣһںڰƴһ⣬ֻ⵽ͨ
ûǵ

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ͣƺͨõһ;
âо޶İܹܵеİأ˵ȴܹܵһ˿Ļᡣ
춷ǲǣΣû·ʱܹѡҲֻƴ۽Σޣͣ㻹׵ġ
â֣⣬ƺҪˡ
أ
һſͰУУͽӿԸͣڿУŹţһУɢڰػֿռ䡣
ֶΣ񼣣޷
Ҫ
׶һеһ˿ԤУۿǿһɶȻ֮Ҳ޷ֶֿȻΣУʱҪѵľ˵һֽ֮·ѡ
صĹžٴγ֣һζξĴӽУŽƬأС
ޣǰδеϣιžȻߵҲʹΪһ˿Ŭ
ڿҫҫķɢڰƺضڰɢȥ¶¶˴ƬȫĿþһ˿Ϣʱ䡣
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ԡ⣬ԭϢҲԽͣλ޻ӿнɫĹţƺҵ֮ͨ·Ƭຣ
ʱ棬оֹ֮ƴ޲Ҳȥ
һԣӿһ˿˿£ûн貣紵ûоģеһ⡣
ʮͷо޵ӿ֣֣ԡɫâûл⣬ҫ⣬ڻָȻ뿪ȴҲָ̫࣬ƣסǾ޵ı⡣
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֮£ܽ㻯ޣޣⴹ£ܹøľ޻ָ
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Ѫ
ʣһͷеߣʵǿɢһɻʵ֮оޱ۷ȫûһ˿˺ۣŽȥ֪ΪΡ
׶ܹܵڵĻѪ׻Ѫһ˿ֻвֻͬߵѹ˿Ϊ
߷̣ȴ޷׷ϵ⣬ƺ룬Զ޷Խһ޷͵ĴģԶﲻˡ
Уƺ˵ʲôޣֻǸһЩ
ˢˢ
нҫɢڰػָ·ĺȴ𶯣˾κˡ
УˮӿƺһҪӺӶ
ˮ磬¶һƽ̨ڸ󺣣ͬһƬ½ӺƺһƬʧĴ½
Ԫˮ૵Ŀ
ˮԵںһˮо˵ĸ·½أԪˮɣЩǱµԪˮ
⡭
׶üϷĽɫɫţɺϻԤı˭Ҳ˵壡
·½Զ֮ûɢȥƶһԶڸ߿գͣڽС

һҵ𶯣ԪˮɵĴ½΢΢һ𣬳ͣϷһƺһƬʧĴ½һЩͬƬƽ̨Ͽտյûһ˿ֻǵضѡ
ǵҪʲô
׶૵Ϸš
׶Կ϶žڿƣңλ֣ǰԵù죬Ūλֵ˼
أ
ʣľԡֹУϻָʵƾָƬ½Ϸ˷ܵĺС
ɫľŹâв͵ǣܹоϷѹΪߣϣԼٴ䣬ϣֹ
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Ҳۿɼת֮û˿أһ͸һС
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Ҳ׷׳С
ǾԵԵ䲻֪ΪΣ¶ĸо֮һӶһΣ·ޣһɴ۾С
Ǳܵĸܵһ̰ͺôѪڣƴȡ֮
أ
޻Ȼڽ꣬Ƭ̺ҲУһʱ䣬·еȫһسʱڱ̻һ㡣
һУбֵȫһ޷֮תƣϤ¶ǰֻҪ΢΢Ӧ򣬾ÿһ̵ĸͬõһ㡣
֮ϵ֮ϵ֮׶ʶ̽ڹΣĲ̽·صһƣκܶ޷ΣͬʱԼ·иᡣ

ʮ 

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Ѿѹãʱٸۣͻˮɣû˿͡
ûҪıϣǻۺĺôͻ˳Ȼȹ磬ǳʵ
أ
׶һ࣬ʵдûۣ΢΢Ӧ󣬱һֵĸС
ᣬٳ֣ΰգȻ˷ĻԵܿһӶ
ң˴г̳Σռѷ죬췣ʯһһΣգΣҲҪޡ
ˣһʵһ˿Ļᣬʵ
Կ϶ԺΣΪֲû㹻ʵǳ飬׶λҲԵ޸ΪȻȱϴˢʣɻԵƴ

һҵ𶯴ͬһ㣬ٶԽԽ죬ƺҪըһ㡣
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Сڣ׶˴ѹתͷȥӣ۷ԭǽǺͻƣĶ࣬ˮ磬ɸ£ˮһͻˡ
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ҲͻӦдҪɣֻǴ˵ع죬ŹһУƺһعϽڣƺеһ϶ӱ֮֮ͻûκεĴ١

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ĺͻȻû뵽УϾоޱȻʱҲԾ

ʮ ɽ

ȻͨĶȻʵͬﴦһ֮أĸ򣬸˾ƴĻᣬǸܹѡжȻľޣʷǷгȻĸ
һ壬ȻѪǿᣬһƣһĸܲͨҪʱĻһ㾳磬һ壬ٳĶǿߣȻҲᱻʥɽ
ܹѡеĶһľš
أ
·ɫľŲθУһʹУҪͳޣԼԻͣԭҫϧյҪ
ܹܵЩѡо޵츳δ帴˵ϣϣ߾ţһ忴ǿʵҲͻƲ˼磬ֻԭضѣֻޣӵг߲εǱܡ
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ڹ⻪ţлˮڵѾ࣬Щͻľ磬׶Ҫۣ俪Ĵš

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һ⻪׶Χҫƺųֹ󣬲ͣҫԽҫۡ
׶ڣ׻в԰˹ɷ򾫻ϵıԴֱ֮ԴȻرԴֵҲĴǼǧ򾫻֮˵ںϳһ˿رԴ֮һݳ޵뷨޷ʵ֡

׶еͺһ׻ӿӿ׻У׻ʮռ䣬ѾԿеİ˸ռ䣬׻ӿУ˲ռͬʱŹ⻬ʼԴ֮
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磬Ѿ걾ϵķ򣬿ʼշ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿһķ롣
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ؾ𶯣籩٣ϷķȻ˺飬Ƭֹ֮Ѿ¶͸Уش䣬ҫϵһɫд֡
׶̧ۣоΧˣͬʱҲϢ޷ӣֻܶɽ١
ԭĿǲ̫֮࣬ǿ׶ûԤϵͬʱҲоλڲ֪طĸѾûǿڱȻ˵֣Ӧÿס
ãã׶ŭЦ¶һ˿ƱʣǱʶȹ˴δ٣֮౨һգ
һ׶ջǲԸڱЩѱǣͻʱ׶أˣ
Ϸصŭһɾ޴ѹ·ɽѹ޷ֺ֮׶־塣

ʱһԵλӷٳ룬Ѿ֪ǰ˸һ취ûУȥæаôٸΪңԼΣվء
еΣ׶ͣշ֮ģȻ֪δٿֲȴһš
Ҳˣվ磬ĵ׶
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𶯣һϷҫǿУɫҫڣޣɫĴ֣Ƭ׹ҫһд߲֮ɫһ˿˿ȴëȻ
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׶ûϷı仯ѹҲںȫͻƣ׻ҫ˵⻪ۿɼСԴ֮ӿ׻׻ӿ׶ʼǲ޵ƿ
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һδβͣĳƺѹͻơ׶ҧɫǺ죬ŭţͣ
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֪˶ٴΣһ죬ǲƿˣ׻ӿʱ׶⻪ţɫΪɫüĴҫϽɫĹâԡڹеۡ˫Ŀƽָ񷣡

ʮ 췣

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ϣ磬׶ֱһɹϴ·ӣҪһеǿоڵÿһϸʵǿ̫ˣͬն

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׶һһһŭƺŭĲ񷣬ҫţڼֻ¡¡ƺϲԶŭǹɿֲѹٴǿ
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ҫɫз쵵ɫʣʮɫգȺҫһ޷ľ󣬿ƻŭʵȻң־ѾΥ֮
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췣ƾʲôʸ񷣾һУ׶ŭ˼ƺһС
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죡
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ʵֲأһھ磬̫ϳϻ˺ܶࡣ

ëһ֣ħɪɪһѪ˷ܵĸоп־壬Ǿη·޵еĵϵߡ
Ѫû뵽ʱô꣬ϷܿѪ̾Ϣһ̫ϳ׷䣬ҡҡͷϧʱǨѪѾɢֻǻָһЩѪͳЩѣ㲻Ѫ
ѪһߣͬеĽɫޣͳһ壬ΪߣϿɡ
һ壬ħѪ죬ӵǿͨǵ£ǰһֻбܵ˼һɱϴȻеķʤ̭
ʮʮţһ˿
ƽвƽƽһ˿
һѪǿᣬӵѪӵǣܹ֮һ㣬ӵǱܣ
ζþûŵζˣѪʳյѪʳһζ
Ը촽ãȻ̧ͷë֮£һŸɿݵȣ̫Ѫƺһ㡣
¸£Ѫʳζǰ˹Ȼûƭң
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ɱ
̫ϳϲԥǰһһ⽣ҫűһɱ֮ǰɫҫķ
ǿߣ
λһ¶٣ȴһ˿˷ܣһΪѪʳԵѪʳԽǿ󣬵õĺôԽ࣬һǿ壬ʵȻͻͽ
Ѫ
˸ߺȣûдʩչ׶Ѫ֮ʱѪӿѪڣ裬˱ô׳ޱȣ
ѪѪͳʵøǿᣬѪ죬ҪǿǣȻ޷
λɱ˹ȥ̫ϳϴսһ˽أʩչѪ֮شܣһжλѹƣʵǿ

λ岻ͣУƵƵʩչǿᣬëͣÿëʯһ㣬ֻɱѹƣֻֿܿ
أֲ̫̫ϳǿߣֶ̣Σľʲôȱ˼¡
ô죬嶼Ķ֣һɱ壬ʱֵˣػ߿һĻǵǵ
üͷһǳԱ߽ػҲˣЩڣôӦֻһߵͷˡ
ƶһػȻţģЩѪ˺ܶ࣬ʵޣһиǿʱɱ
ʼţȻһУڴ۷ʲô޷ıվҴƵ̬ȣħʮϤ
У̫ϳһסλ壬ħҲ޸ǿ߹´䣬ѪɺӣвԽǿƺǿħҪдԽ
λ˷ܣŭţ֣öԿȻǿ߹ˡ
飡
ԽԽ󣬻ȴ֮쳹УѪڣƺҪըһ㡣׶üͷ׻֮ҲЩӦʵǿ󣬳Խڵλǿߡ
𣡡
һŭڣλˡ

׶ҡҡͷӡеλͬһֻǿ壬죬ϳƽǴս¹˭δ֪
У׶ֻħһֻһЩѪ㣬ӵиѪǰλЩƣӦһЩϵ
ӣ
λʱ˷ܣϳλ壬һλ壬ħӵнϸߵλδлΪΪߡ
һԲȴһɾµƣ̫ϳϣɱ˹ȥƾӲ̫ϳϵıһƾУλħʵ󣬿̫ϳϡ
ڵʲôΪλѹЩħ
׶̫ϳϣ̫ȣռݵӵ޸ʥɽ֧֣ʩչȫ϶ܹǰλ壬Ȼͣ͸̫ϳϵЩʲô
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һ£ӿԭصĸȫ֣޸Ȼ޷ֻֿܿضѣλС
һб仯̫ˣûĵԭռϷ޸תۼ·磬бĿܡ

׶ٴ˺һͷħϹǡֿ̫ϳϣʼվЩԡ
ͻȻеһ˿ͬѰļԶȥ
ӿһ磬зŻ죬ƣʮͷħ޶ʱƣ˻лĩɢ
ԼУһȺɫӵ˴סݣԵúأÿһǳǿ
Ԯˣ޸汾Ƶħ޸
޸һХۼƣһھɱ˳ӭԭһڡ
׶ԣʱˣһԭԤı̫ϳϲǲλħ׼

ڰʮһ ֹ

ɫΪأһ֪ǲ֪Ӻζûб˷ֱ֣һѴ֮նɱħ
ɫɫڷԷ򣬺ɫǻԷศɣƺһֲ˼ı仯
ɻ޷ϨһմϣȻὫȼյ۷弶ħҲ޷Կǿ͸һɹ졣
ǣǱԴϢ
׶٣׻ҵĲϢһ֣оһּȿǱԴϢȻǴ
ʮһԴĿǰ׶ֻʣֱԴҪˣˮ磬ֻԪرԴ䲻룬ܵ˻֮ԴϢ
ѹеļȴһĻ
𹬵Ѫ³ԾɫĻ棬ϷǳԾƺ˲˼һĻûԭ򶨡
𹬣ų֮Դ𹬵иػ棬ɫ֮Ȼǿ죬ȴѪ˳Ծ
ⷬ仯ȴ벻ٸС
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ݿһ㣬սʱ˱仯ԭ᧿Σ޸ѹ·磬ɱֻ֣ǱӴܣֿ
ǵĸ֣Ȼ˿ֲÿһԽսϵ߹ĺĵˣ׶ţ૵
μӹ߹Ŀˣֻ˴仯֮Ҳö֪λս
߹ᣬ綼зֲ˽ܣرԽսţĶǰЩɫ֮ˣأȴһηƣǰֶι죬ʵǿ
ˣɢһϢ񼶱ʵɶս˳Ծ
ǱԴϢ׶һƺ뵽ʲôģЩȻȴܿԽôľ磬бԴ֮ԭ򣬽ñԴ֮˵ԽսҲڻ¡
׶˼Ѫ£ҲԾһĻ
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ˣ
ܣǰһȺǿ֮ϣԷʵ֮ǿֿÿʱÿ̶дʧأͷ߷׷״󺰣ʼˡȻȥҪɱ⡣
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սˣѾ˰ȻƣֻǿֿƮҡеһҶۣʱҪ
飡
׶Ҳɱ˹ȥȫԡϽɫâѪţɱһ㣬ɱΧһ˺ûطûһˣʼգһ˫ȭͣӶÿһζҪѪѪȭ
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飡
һȭһ¶ɫĸ֣׶ĿƽܿմһյأѪƮŨѪŻ£׶Уķ
Ŀ⿴ķɫһڸɱ˽ıƣλǲ̫ϳϲ٣ⳡսѾˡ
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һߣƶһػ˴սһλɫӸ֣ƵæңԱѡ
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׶һһɫԣϵǹϢ
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ζ׶ȻǴޣΪƮ죬ϵıԴϢ̫ˣһʱɢȥϢ׶˷ܡ
ʱս׽ˣս޸޸ʤɫһڸֵ֧Ԯʤ
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ˢ
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һ֣˵Ŀ⡣

ػߵɫӣ¶ԳһЦмЦԼҹԴ

ڰʮ 

ԭǣֲáֲã
ػҡͷ̾ϢΣƻںޣֻһ̾ϢԼͷԡ
ԱҲˣػĿ⸴ӣͷҵĽӵܣһ㣬ʪڡ
ƶһػ߳һ۲
ˢ
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ʱԭıħѪƵ޸ɽ֮ɢһգȼһȫɢȥָԭһɵ֮ɢԭྶͥ
ֻǣЩʬɣ˵ԭļս
μ
ƣ޸̫ϳһ࣬ȥǳ羴һڳŵĳҲŹݣͷΪϡ
龰΢΢һ㶣ԡ
̫ϳϣΪ죬۷壬ؾ磬ֻ벽ɽԲ磬ڣȻ˹ȥûһ˿ԥͳɡ
׶ܹоȫǷĵĳݡ
μ
ϹҲŹȥ˺׶һ㣬ԣֻǰǰƣòݡ
Σܹ̫ϳ˳羴ȻǿߣӦΪףһݣδɣΪߣӵϣ׹ݣʱ׶ȴǳγдߣȫԽĹݡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵׶ݵΪ׵ǿߣһˣ̹ûһ˿Ľᡣ
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ϹâţɲǼ䣬ǹϢ·Ҫسһ㣬Ũ޷ֻһ˲þֹʱһֹͣǰ
ãϢɢȥ

⵽ʲôƣȻ˿ֲϢ֮ˣʵ֮ǿ񾳽磡׶а裬ʵ
ȻֳƵɫߣƵˡ
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𹬣ңƶһ壬ħ壬ԶӢ鲻ɢŭ֮ﴦ޸
ǴԶһ干֮ʱ𶯣ƺӭһ䣬Ͽ
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ڰʮ 𱦿

𹬣һ˵Ƕ޸ԣʱ䣬Ҳ˺ܾá
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ãʴӦˣ׶ˬһЦİ
𱦿أ̺˸ѰλãѰûضķţҲ޷ӵɽտҲͳһɡ

ڰʮ 

𱦿⣬׶־ڱصãҲõ
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׻ʵѾڶС׻ʴɱķ֮⣬ûһ׻ʵ
ãʴӦˣǰȥ·׶
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壬һ·ǰУܿɽ壬Ѫǰ·
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һɱǳֵˣ׶ں󷽣а
ˣ
Ѫͣһɽ֮ǰ¶һ˿廳
˵ǻɽʵȻһտ֮أȫǴ𣬺ɫĻ潫ΧƣֲĸܣУģɼһ·ͨ棬Զ֪ͨӦͨ𱦿⡣
ѪֱûУл޷ֺѪ֣ɲٻ档
׶üͷ˹ȥЩǿ׻ȴκβ׶
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ǸѪָ¶һ˿𱦿⣬𹬵ĸ߲㣬˸Ҳ
һм䣬һʢ޵һţۺװΣΧΧʮɫ棬ȴһ˿ޣޱȼɵԭΪֻһһѣڿ𱦿⣬׶ȥеһ˿ģڵ

Ѫһ٣ѪѾ֣Ѫ߻֮û뻨֮ʱһͨ죬ƺҪȼһ㡣
һ߹ۿ˾Ѫ½͵𱦿һУһҲһ챦ڲԳ磬Ҫ򿪣ֻеĶŹſԣˣ⣬ֻȼ˲ܴ⡣
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Ϣ̫ϳϣж౾żأ˷Ϊ˵·˽ܣȡżϹתЩϢ
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Ϲ˵֪޾ϸȫ֪׶һģĽżҲȫֻغһ֣·أʹǶ·ǿߣɿ͸µĹżοޡ
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һˣķѴıһƣ׬ȡ۹·ȴù·׬һʣЦֿ졣
޸һУһպܶʹĶȹ԰ȴǰȻԾԵġ
ڶգ޸ֳǰ·һ·ϴԽصĴ󣬶תƣǿձ任֪ںδ
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࣬һ꣬ѩ˳Ⱦվǿգ˸еһ޷ĸоɼ
ҵһ˽ܣţϿ۷壬Ϊóıʱ󷨡
׶뵽ңԶĵһλǧŴеˣϣ߼Ӧкܶϵ
Ѿڽ֣౦Ҳ֣֤ʵǲ񻰣ϸԪ֮£׶Ѿھȡ
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һΰĹųǣɫĳǽ͸һ³ĺİˣŹֵϢųһ¶޾µ飬۷Ϊ˵ȴһ·Ŀ
ǹ·ڹżϼÿһι·һųǵʼԱһŵ
Ҳһ˽ܣղ˹һǿߣһ弫ħ»۲֪ħС
һԪħԪǷ򣬸ħ䱾Դᷨ򣬲ħڲͬ
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ֻԼԵΪһڵǦиΪ춯ءȴʱ
㣡
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Ӣ۳ĺ˰׷˼䱯磬磬ѹһĺܣҰ̤Ϲ·ӢɢȥҲһֱ
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׶Щãƺץסʲôеò˼顣
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Զ̫ϳϿ·һ̾·Ҫһ廹ܰȻȹ
ǣתͷ뿪¹¼ŵıӰ󷽵顭

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ϢУϢȴڸϸĸܣ첻
⼸Ϣƴ󣬲ͨıʹϢҲԶԶȲϣʲôܷϢ׶ɻ
·˫һ֮··޾³ĲɣϢѹƣûɢȥ⼸Ϣ͸Ų

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׶·Χֻȼˣ˻ڹûóȻǰУһ·Ͼ̫Σˡ
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·ȻΣգ·ʱѾԼĽ֣㣬ûװ䣬·Ϊʵνɱ
ǳԽԽǿƬ·ǳҫ޾¾Ȼˣûбͬ׶ȡ
ǳ֮Ϊص֮һų޾ػǳɣӵһͬ
ڱǳܱ֮ܿͬΪһǳ֮ʣ·أȻסŵϮ
׶𾪣ͬʱܵǼϢΪӴֻɱ·ãϢڸǣѹƣʼ޷Ӧ⼸Ϣں
ÿϢԼԴӦϢصܡ
׶·ԽԽ٣ٶȼ죬ûǰСġ׻ۣ磬˱Դ׻ʾ׶ǲںΣ֮أʩչܣǰ
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һ̣׶ˣ޷ﵽʲôطһι·Ȼõ˾ҵĸӦƿصơ
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ȻһεıչдڽϾͻƣֱܹ仯

ھʮ Զս

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ޣǳ֮ǺΪģǳп޵дڣǳ㲻ݽߡ
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ãͼˣ龰ɢ׶ȴЩӡԺУԶ޷ǣһٴ·
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׶૵ϳӰ̫ˣӦԶŵһͶӰʱһһԪǿʱ
ʦ֣أһλصĻӣЩأóԶŵǿߣǵһֱԣܹõһЩԶŵϢӦܹ֪һЩ⼸˵顣
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ֺǸӣ׶ľ磬Ըһ˿˿ϢԭԭһУһֶԵ֣Բ̽һƬµıԴۼ
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׶һٹ·Ӧһص飬ڹ·Уղȴ֪һУȻǴͨߡ
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λȥҾһͬΪų񣬻ϣλҪҾһ⣬Ȼڱչأȴǿʱء
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ͬΪȻиߵ֣֮λǹųжǿ֮һȺڰͷĴڡ
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һԣڶǿ߲ʱһ飬˼ɵ棬˼뷨ͬȻͬЭһ˾
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׶ǰľ޴üͷ·һɫڿУһⱣһЩ
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һŵΪ˽жֻӵѪſ֪еܣʸĴС׶
ǰĺ֣ʥˣ񾳽磬ںļԪп޵ǿߣ֣ԴսⲻΣǿʣȷʵʵ
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мأһѪ壬Ѫ̹ѪΪںصĴУֻŴѪϡ̫࣬ҪԵĴѪϴ
һֿ飬׶ںɽУѪļڹŵеõУԭϡѪڷڣ׻Ѫ˴˿⣬ɼһѪ档
岢û˵κйѪ飬ֻԣѪѰѵĻᡣ
ҪѪ̹ŷ֮ϣϴʽ׶̧ͷǰľ޴󡢷̹࣬ţ˵ҲΪ
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׶֮Ҫúụ̀ڣѪǿأҪΪԴ֮һʵĻԵֶΣ˻õ

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׶ڹŵУżĺ֮أأѪӵߣ˸޷롣
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ٺ٣СӻûгҹõıӦõġһԼĺӣ¶һ˿ȣڴеһˣ׶ʧк⡣
ĴʧΧռϢŨûеõ˭Ҳš
˱˼ĬĬȴżֵıﲻ٣˲ޱıȴ޼ûпͨ˵Ѿ㹻ֶЩ￴ۡ
ˣΪǵõһĻԵ񣬵õ֮޼
Сӣоһ壬бӦǵõˡ
а˼һ޴żرıһδȻ뵽һֱֵ׶;塣
׶ʧӦõõ˻Ե
壬Ƚż䲻δ֣Ӧõõٱرڵǣʱ
幥ż꣬ҵ˽еķǺ˭ҲţܶΪżرӦñá
飡
Ƭ̣һұըĸ½ƬУһѪɶпѪ˻ơ
һõر϶Ȼܵش˸ȴĻ
½УӳӰͬʱһϮûĿڣըѿ춼Ѫۡ
׷
Ǿ֣׷
ɫһ𣬷׷׷ȥŨǾƽˣÿһǾеĸ߲ڡʮɫһϲãڵȵˡ
ַֻӶȥ׷
رͷΪ֮ڣҲ۷徳磬رͷ̫ˡ
䣡
ɱϣ׷ϣ񹥻һѤöĿȴΣκһø䡣
ƲӵĶ񣬵ʵҲǲԽٱϣʮ׷ƽ˶ȥ
ƽŭ𣬽ɫѪҺӿѪչ֣׸ߵľˣǿ׳˫ӵпµʵƽˣֱʮλ˿壬ӭϡ

ԿӲֱ˫дϵıͳͳӣûյ˿ˡ
ƽս
ƽ˴УŭʩչһطԭԪѪУƽѪϣвϢ
ɫգڱһУһɫӰģгգգȴ𺳣ǹϢԽļޡ
䣡
½ɢˣѣ޷ܡ
żҲһֱУʧȥѪżڵѾʧΪʱײѣƬƯڹ·С

УһĿͣҽһɢɱȫʬ֮˵
ɱ
ֲԱĻ̻̣ȴ˿壬˶ڣʵǿȱطڽԣֹâҫڽһ貣ֵֿѹס

һȻǿȴ̫٣˻ƽˣȲʮλڽӶݣرȥ
ǽżõҪһϵĻԵر漰һЩţ˾֣ҪͻУ档
ߣ¶Ϻ󣡡һƽ˵սȻͣ¶һ־
һˣͬʮλ֣Ī˵֮ʵǿߣҲҪڴˣ־ΪһжԸ
ΪоţֻҪõ˵ԿƼԪأߵĲΣʱ峤ʢ˥ҲνԪ
쳤ХȫŽ⣬ȼһ⣬Աˣǿһɷ籩½ƬκҲ޷롣
ʮΣҪ׷ϣȴǰɫķ籩סǸ岻ȥ
λһỹ뾡֣ʵǿһˣرעҵԵһ˵ƽˣҶ֪ǻӳȥҵž׷ɱɡ
ͬΪųǿߣʵȻ֪һ
âɢȥʮȫ׷ȥȻŹ⼸ƽ˰ȻصųС
ʱͣʵ̫޷ǰսȻرٹˣҲ޿κΡ
ףСӳˣٺ٣ıٲˣСӣȴ£ԭ׶ӣɨһȺ¶һ˿⡣
ʱȥϳ׶˵׶ûݵ˼ȺУ¶һ˿΢Ц

һ ܵ

żгֵıﻹ̫٣ı΢΢ֻҪȼѣƽӴܣƴżһر
ͬʱ˼׶ϣżʧּʾӦżĺĵطܵõı
żϸԪ޵񾳽ľǿߣżȻǿ챦ң˵ĳﻹδ֣̫ͼ̹ᦣɽÿһպգڹ·дΪ
ȺһϽɫʵϵ꣬˫֣վԭأƺһһ㡣
ĿⷺŹڴ˵صĶ֣׷ƽ˶ȥͬΪ磬ʵȴͬ˽ܿսӲ
뷨ȴ˸ǰ
ٺ٣Сֵܣżеõʲôǲ̫ͼ̹ᦣɽ֮ı嵹ǺƴֱʣһĿɫһ
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ÿһ𺳣ǿǶı
ˣǷõΪҪ㣿׶Цһ༥
ټ٣Ҫ˵ȴĿⲻƶЦһûжԡ
ʱκһǵľٶᱻΪǶԱ̰ܱܿһɱȻǿȴҶԿˡ
׶վǰ̤ǿգһۣϽϣȻ壬̹ȻˣƺȫȻں
˰Ը̾һ˽ܣڶְͬΧȻ壬û˿η塣һĲ壬αװɡ
ѵʲôֶΣԴɱȥֹɫ졣
ѣ֪żеõʲô뽻ԾֻҪ뿪ڣ̲סˣо˽վ
һͷɫӭƮɣɫ˳ȾΧػ֮ˣȻ׶
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컪ֲôšڹ·Ϻ˵ųҲдУǹ·ΪĶ֮һ
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۷׷ף֪Щֻǹ⣬컪Ϣ˹׶һһͣڶУȻǰһ˽ܡ
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뱾Σ
ֱ컪ȻȻѹ컪һͷ˴Ϊ죬컪콾Σûʸñʽκαȥ򣬱ʲù·϶һʬ壡
ϣһ³¶֮ɫ·һ˼Ļ档
ǿǳ˽ܣ޵ǰĴǰţ˿֪
컪ŭˣһ֮Ϊܳһ׷Ѱż̽ѰԪ֮ܵϣȴ˺ǳ⣬̤
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˿Ϊ˵컪֪ǰ˿߶ѣһѣΪѡ
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ô»з޷ˣѵɣԣʹҲ޷ҲҪס컪𾪡
δ֣ʷУǿ߿ѷ˿ߵȴ˿ѣ޷֮ˡ
Уã㣬ڣ
׶Цֹͣȵһ̣¡¡УʧǳУ޵ص֮һУǴУΪԼУеˡ
䣡
䣬컪Ӳǰ·ȫѣɢȥ⵽ɣھҲ⵽ش
һʹϧںޣҪԲлͷУһ̣·ˣ˴۵ŭлӲɫ԰ףС
·תһڶ̶̵ɲǣ˾ˣһĻ
ү
Ҽ͸ߺ컪ȴδһ㣬ʱȫڵֿǹУ·ų⣬߳УһеĵֿôĲҰ
ɱ
ɱֻɱܾү
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ĸŭ죬ҵˣ֪컪ҵҪԣҵδһֱڽ߾ȫ˴βǰѡ
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׶̧ͷһϷûһ˿
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һ䣬ƺҪʹʱϷĴƾֹˣ΢΢һɢȥĵӰ׻ɶ
ͷβһλλͣδ֣仰ѣ˷ëš

һ ͵Ϯ

δ壬δһлԭ·ɡ
ǿУ˴˿ľˣԭһһαƣֻһֱΪĶѣǰ˵Ĵƣ֪гƣԭ־ˡ
컪˽ܣҵδϣʱԭأԭİȻ׷˿̱һЦ˽ܣȲֵͬһ仰
콾˱ܣ˱̤εȵĲ̣Ӣһ˼չʾ޵̬һ
Էδ֣Լˡ
ۣ
Ѫ£컪Ͽյ䣬䷲콾ɢȥâɣ·˼䣬ʧȥԭĹԡ

ĸĹæס컪ӣãȻľı飬һʹĸ͸еһǰδеı
ǿ컪ΪͣʵΪһ㣬һ̣Ķˣ˻컪æ뿪
а赲ʧҰУ뿪ǿա
һ˾֣·𲻸һ㣬̶̵ɲǣ׾ʲôп˭ܹ١
컪֮Ӱˣ
յĹųǽųδϣ˽ܾˣһ仰ͱˣ˾Ӷ·һ̶ˡ
߳ģһֶֿΣȡط֮۳һ̷һ칦޵񻰱ƣ˵һ仰˹̷֣
׶Ӳ񷣬һ߸ϣɨˡ
ڳ֣ȴĿ㣬ֱӣ·Ӳֱӵһ㣬Ҵŭ
ԭĽɱľûٸҳ֣˽ܶˣ˭ĵ֣
һܶԷĻᣬһ֣ΨһĻᣬֻǣʧȥսʹҲûжδսȰܣĸֶԣʧȥҪġ
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ɱ
ǶҪһ֣˽ܣһλҲҪٴ䡣΢΢ĬͻȻķ
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ǿݣʮ֣в΢һЩĸ֣ͬһĿģҪ׶ն䣬ɳ
Уǿ𶯣ʮϰλһ֣գҪ˱ܣ򽫻ᱻ˺ѡ
ղŲͬʱʮһ֣ʤ컪һˡ

ѤõĽҫ׶סԻõ磬һУйգָһһ磬ûһ׶ϡ
飡
һֳޣˣһµɣԶͣϢϢǽһ߾硣
磬㲻ϢԽ˵
˾У׶ȴüͷеһ˿ͣתƺЩ谭ͬ仯ϡ
ѹеͷһйâɢȥָƽǿհš
һ֮ʹϰλǰߣǺεȵǿ󣬳ԽҲĽޣ޵硣

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׶ǰһɱ䣬ν˽ܣνǿߣûһ֮УɱմѪȺмâģ֪˽䡣
һɱ¾׶ܣ׶ݣ٣ּ°ٶʩչ£ûһ˿ĻɱħҪһ˽ܡ
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ಣ
׶ûжԣشһϽ⣬ն䣬νвνһżںգҪɱڳ֮ˡ
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׶һͬƹ̷飬һεĿֲÿһζ˵ɱ¾ЩľӢ˴䣬ȻùųǾĺǾ춯صģϧ׶ں
ŭϣ³ҪɱҪľ
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ٴμ٣׶ҪɱȴеһΣϮͷһëȻ׻Ҳھʾ
飡
һĹִӿгֱ֣Ӵ׶ϣ׻΢΢赲㱻Ƶһнʵʵ׶ϡ
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һ ǿչ

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ǿ֣֪߳׶ܹƹ֣ѡһַʽأ˿ڸԭΨĴıԴָ֮
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һƺͬʱʮ׶һ㣬ͬʱӶϽɫȭͷǳ飬Ƭ

һײǳѣɢȥָԭƽǿգֻΧǳȻüΣûɢȥ
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Ƕѵõ˺ļԪĴУ
ļԪɣʵϸԪ֮ԪһɷԴˣļԪ󷨲ǿ󣬻޷ƽģΨ֮׶ļУ񻰵Ҳ˱Ƶġ
Ŷ˵ˣҸ㣬ԪбȥϽ磬ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
Уǳ֮۵ӰɢȥһĪ׶ʧطһۡ

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ܹǰΨкɲ⣬ڵϵ棬޾˵νֻһֻѣ޾ڶ࣬ǿ
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壬ܷƣֻʹʵϾǿȻûгԽսҲûжٰգϾǰϽ磬ǱԴĺġ

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һԪ˵ͬʱһɹصϢչ֣ϳ˯ĴڣĪееϤĲ¶׷֮ɫ
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ԽǰǿҲ޷Ԫ
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һ𣬱˻һƬʧǿصı仯Ҳɢȥ뿪ˣӻصС
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һһʮ ·ն˽

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˾ȻϽǿ߷Ժ֮ܣԪ֮Ȼսƽ֣ܶϽǿ߳֡Ψ·һ
Ͻǿ֣߳ڼԪҲûУǵһΣ𺳣ԭԹഫϽĴڡ
һ緲ͨ޵һ㣬ҲߵĲΣһԽԪĴڡ
ӼȻϽǿ߷ѻȻõϽĴУ˵뿪ԪĻᡭ
һ϶ǿн㣬ɢȥ˼һƬǿѾָԭֻ˿˿ۼڣǴսӰ죬ʱ޷ָ
ˣ֪ȥһս׶һֻһ΢Թߣȴź֮Ͻ֮ǿ룬Ѿ˷츲ذı仯

ǿһߣ׶˻뿪糤ӹǿգһ·ϣ˲ٴڣϾ·һֻһвǿߣ׶һ·ۣشϢȫ䡣
·ɱϣһʬǱص·ս֪˭ǵˡ
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׶ǰУһ·òĻѾ˴߶Թųһι·ϳ׶ʱȣ¶һ˿˿ϲ
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رǰشһǰδеĻᡣ
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·ǷǲϣΪνԵرЩ˲֣ͣǰϽػ׶Ŀ¶âܹӺѣοЩˣʹǰΣ
Ŀ¶һĨᶨȶһսʹԹҲǹսߣ֮ԶԶ֤һأ֪ţƾһϴ۽ʶԭ̫ࡣ޷ֵǰ֣ζڼԪеõᡣ
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һΣȥ׶ٶȣûӱܣӭ·ǿУκ˶˿ɱնġ
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뵽׶вƽһսʾ̫ܣ֤ȷĲ룬ҪļԪ֮ħԪȻһԪͬʱҲǴƼԪΨһᡣ
һһĻĻ׶˫Ŀʼˣһ̫أ׻ѹƣǿѪѹˡ

һһʮһ Ժ·

ǿУ׶ǳаˣһ˵̫ˣȫһƴǴսһ·նɱˣսСսǿᣬʵҲǼء
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صģ׶ڵѾԶָںϣõ鵤ҩԭﵽΪҲԶתƣƺͻƵļ
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һ壬ħ壬壬ǼԪеǣռˣӵǿʵڹ·ǾԵİ
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ʥɽҪ֣ϵĻԵǵõ֮˵ԳԪϽ磬ɾǿߣ
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ţǿ߽룬㰲һȺʥǰȥ̽·ǿߣ֤ļأͬʱΪȥ̽еΣգҪԼߴȥ㹻Ϣ

һһʮ Ԫŵ

ʥɽһб壬вһ˿ǵõˣǱԾŵϻԵͬն
޷ɹҲһѵĹ;
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ע׶ʥɽʧҰУ˾һĻûε׶ȻϳˣλżһսսۣɱҺ󱲾Ӣն·
˵һۣ˾ϣǵõԵԺ˵Ҳһλ߸̫̾࣬ʥС
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һֶĲǳɹȻͬնʧܣҲźʧУֻһֱѡ
ʥɽ͸һɱ֮ɫһɹɲãϢ˸еһ޷Ĳãب£˵ղɣһŵʷ
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׶Ŀ¶һ˿ҰףתͷϽɫҪһС
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ĿתһԩǰҡڲԣһɢŨķĹûĹȴһɲ־ۣ֪ǿڴˣؼ䣬ȴϵ־
˵һֲĴҲɣͬʱҲһԸʥɽʬ־Ҫ֤ʥɽһ졣
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˽ܣݺһħԪпƹһȴһͽѡ
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ŮǿΪµıƸ֪ǰεȾޣȻһֶΣ죬ӡΪϴһһʵĳԽ
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׶ŮӽʥɽУʱǰڷĹӢ׶һ̤ǰϣݿһ㣬ȥһУǰһ޵е̬
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νĵطҲһοĵطȴˣıȴǱѹνԵûмһ˿
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к꣬ȡ걾Դ֮׶æת׻΢΢һ𣬷סñϮ
ʱ׶ȴһָĸŮӵĸоͬоĺƱ⣬ڳȡǿߵһгߣĸѪֻ¹¶һ佩Ӳ壬¶Ϊ顣

һһʮ 

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ǰвӣŮǿ߼м˲٣ǱҵĽ֡
һɨܣһǿԽ˺һصԭλãһεĽ磬赲һбϮǹŷѩؼһֵشΪȫ
ĺΪأƺǰŷйϵȡһУ궼ɳȡԴΪԩһʬ⡣һΣ׶еһ˿Σգƺŷصֵԩйأ߼Ϊơ
Ѫ⻬ţּѪţԽǿԽǿѪѣǿǱԴ߷ѪԭǱصѪϽ磬ֻ֮׶֪ˡ
֮һΨܶԿ֮Ӧ𣬴˻ջһУȴΪǿ֮׶ҡҡͷӵл֮ԴϤ
ǿԼѪеӦÿ԰ȻȹѩءѪ֮ȴǿԶԿĺֻ޷ɹ
ҪȻȹѩأΨпĻʵ֮ɣʵ֮Ϊյһ֣ںϵΪǿ߶־ǿںһӦò
΢΢˼׶ٴǰ̤һĻԽǰĽޣʱϮһθʤղţ׶еһĲɫСתҡҷεסһбĺ
׻֮
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Ĭһʱ׹ϽɫĻʵ֮ɢһϽ׶ܣһк赲⣬һᶨǰÿǰһܸоܵĺԽǿ
ּԿѾԽͨĳܷΧ׶ˣʹٶҲ粽С
ǰвãһʬǰⲻ壬һص壬ë׶ڹżмѾʷУżԪɢ
дʹ֮ɫȻڱǰһĪĿѣ֪˺ΣգȻһλǿ¶ʹı顣
һ·ϣ׶˲ٵıʬ壬嶼У⣬ʹ֮ɫ·ǰ˵Ŀѣ޷
һյأ϶ֹˣЩǿǰպգı飬֪׾ʲôѲﻹʲô𣿡׶˼
Ѫ壬׻֮·赲ǿԱİȫȴûʵ̽Ѱܣңǳڴ˵һЩʣʱΣ˼Ƭ̣׶뿪
ѩǰУһ·ۣʩչܣûжϵܷٶȼ죬ʱԽСѩأΧΪеѹԽԽ󣬱úǳҪŮӼΪɵһط
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ŮӼǿߣʵǿսŶѩȻƿȥ޷׽㼣
룬׶ڽѩشһ룬ʱоΧѹͬʱԭ⺮ʱѩıúºͣһȵĸоȽ棬ִڱ尾С
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ֻǣû㹻ʵȥ̽Ѱ׶޷С
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΢΢Ĭȴһ˻ơ
һʹ˻ǰƽʥɽǿΣգһҽС

һһʮ Ԩ

һʹҽУǰһ˻˻гͲʣһ˿ڣ˵أֻһгɿգڴˣΪߴ˵صһӢѡ
ʥɽã׶ֻǼһǿߣһǿߣ˲δ
һٶȷɿ죬ԭĿհ׵شʥɽ̲࣬ȻһϢȻ׶ĹۿһҽУǰѾΪ׳һ㡣
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ķ˲٣׶һ˻ֻķͬȻǴӸλʥеǿߡ
׶ǰ˾ֵһĻ
һɫһڳǹǹҫһ˿ɫڹ⣬ǹ⽫һλǿߴУڵϣû˫ȴˣܹоǹɳɱĿ⣬ǰһᱻնɱ
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ʥɽ̫ãõ޷ޣΨЩԪһͬĹ֪
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΢΢һɧңԨǰָƽûóȻ֣ϾÿһڤǿҪСĽ˾ۼһγһ壬ֶԲߣ׼͵Ϯڤǿӡջʵ̫ˡ

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ʥɽ֣żԪʱ̵ףò˶ã䣬һֶǿʢת˥Ϊٹ֮̽ưܣҲһڤڤĲתķ
Ԫ֮ѵĻᣬֻһԪһѵĽ֣˲ԸĽݺһһǿ߻۵ĴƣԸ⵱ǣΪһϰĴڡ
ƿѼԪݺأ޵ӭһս˹ͬĿꡣ
ǵõǿӡ˵ߵľ磬ܹԪӵһ˿ƴĻᣬʮãаԳ˼ʧ˼ȥ
ǿӡǶˣڤУΨɱڤɶǿӡˣΧְԿ̽Ǽӡ֣Ȼʱһᣬ¹˭δ֪
˼ֺȥֻȥ˵ĻԵ
׶΢΢ͣǽĿڸղλϣλϴһ²ɣƣʼչһ˿º͵ЦݣֻԽˣԽһֲȫĸоһֻڰŻĶһ㣬ȴֻһѡ
߾Բͬ죬Ӧһλܡ׶עӴˣ֪ʵǶֿ࣬ƾ֮Ҳ֪˾ԾӦ֪顣
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ĿԶУǲ۷ʵͷ˶񼶱ʵҲһͷĴڡ
ʵںڰУ޷ݣϢ۷֮ӣӦһȺ壬ĸĸʵĻһĬС
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ħһλǿߣƣʵûнħӪһλĶпͣħҲɵֹԸħ֮ħ
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Ѿͬ⣬Ҳ׷ͬϾǵʵޣҪ塣ղվ¶һ˿Цݣ΢΢󣬾һ𹥻ħԿڤһ͵Ϯ
壬棬ôɷڤħ壬ǿԿʺϲ
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ʮɫ̶ֹڤǿϣʱ֣һЩѹ׵ֶΡ
𣡡
ڤһʹУɫʹ಻ңҲǣ䣬ӱƣѣвڤһ֮ϡ
ֻڤȻǿҲ񾳽ѣػԨ֮ǰܵһģǴڵ塣
ɱҪǴϢĻᣡ
һЩ¶ȹâȥǽǿӡǳ⣬±˶ߣǿûóȻǰУͷֹи֣Ŀǰ¶һ˿Ц

׶ҲûóȻǰУĿЩǰַҽУ䲻ˡ
ڤʵȻ˹һϢСΪǿӡЩЩͷԷ͡
ӿڤ䣬ǿӡҫ⣬ڿУһǣʱҪһ㡣
һɢһЦٺ٣Ϸ˰죬ڵȵˣλͣ
׶΢΢㵣˱ǸղλħĶƴһ˵ֹƣ˴׷תӡ˵ػв٣ʼᡣ
սʼɱһһڹⱦһ̴һλëˣǿӡȥ
ɱв٣׶ȴǲֵΪνӡĴ̫ˣĿ뿪ں󷽣޾Ԩ޸ͬһֵϢ˼ɵ
׶һٶ˻࣬ǿӡȴĶҲ˲⣬Ԩ֮ϣеֵϢü˼

һٶʮһ 

ڤʵǿȻڶȻ壬ûη壬ֻһѣڵɱǱԨˣǰ
ɱ
ǿɱۣڶûеõǿӡű˻Ц뿪дޣƴǲѹ׵ֶþˣΪ˵õһöǿӡ
ɱң˻ˮ㣬ɱ֣ٶȼ죬һŵĺӰݼţ׷顣
ˮ̫ǿ̫࣬񾳽磬ͳһĵʯǼԪ磬ӵиԪµǿߣȻǿ󣡡׶һۣĿ΢΢ͣͣ˶ǿʵеļ¡
񣬿ǿ츳Լļ޾磬׶ڣȴħԪһսǿ۷ҲĴսȻսʤҲȫˡ
񾳽磬ӦıǺļԪ׼ʥ磬Ѿһּߵľ磬֮ϣľͷ
飡
һڤըһöɫǿӡϯߣƿڴԨǰϰԶ
ڤֻʣǰɢһϢ޾Ԩ
ɫ͸һֿ־壬˸е޾Ĺ¶·ǿռѷ죬ڰһһռ䣬ڵء
ﵽôȥͷ¶һ˿ݣжеǣüͷͷĿ΢΢ۡ
Ϊһͷڸжǿ֪ܶ಻Ϊ֪ܣǰԨкܴ˽⡣
׶ջĿ⣬Щͷߵ鿴Уеһ˿ѹ֣Щ涼¶˱飬֪ǰжôĿ־塣
Ӧ˻̽Ԩжôֲ
׶̬ǵˣֻһüֵȥ̽·ȺлأĻˡ
λٿһߣһºͣȴЦص֪صǺ̬
λˣڸղž£һڤΪǿӡʵȻҲǴźԨע⣬ıС
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ݳգʵԣڸղûг֣ʱٴվ
׶һĻ΢΢䶯¶һ˿ЦݣԽԽôΪȤ
ӿн˵ƣԨһɹصϢһ΢֮˲ܲʱһһ׷׸ӦŰԵͷӵԷ顣
ԣ˴ȴǿѹԨκ˶һֽδ֪óȻܹ̽ûɵӡ
΢΢Ĭ׶ȴоһϢӿɫԨУЦЩǿ߿ƽʵȻʩչ̽ѰԨδǰԶԶ̽Եֿǰɡ
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ϣƺʲôʧһ㣬׶΢΢Ӧʹ׻ȻֻǾʲôʧˣûԨ֮С
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૵ͬʱһߣԼλӣкλ񼶱ǿߣɫ¶һ˿׶пԿ϶ӱΪɶ
ӲһˣԱ߻ͬ飬ͬУ̽һ΢΢ȴɣԭİ˷ڼǰµˣ
˻һ䣬ʱбѻȸ˲һĻ֪ΪΣ̫ˡ
ɣھˣôܣ׶ҲǴΪԾһĻ޷ͣǰİˣʸӦʲôԨУӦòǴ
ߣӣλȴüͷƺ֪࣬顣


ͻȻдһͣЩ˺ȫ䣬Ϊͬûһǻһ߸ʬһ״һƶûС
ԭɻøΪɣʮȴûһ˿ͬһ㡣ǿߣȴһ⣬û˻š
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ͬԿ϶Ӧò͵Ϯѣǰ˸߻ħȣ
һ򱻾ԽȥееĿֻţʥϣÿһǿߣȴ˹Źֵһ־޴ķ裬ܷȴӲǰ
һ֣ø졣
ߣйŹ֣ǿ뿪
˲Ҫ뿪Ǹղ͵͵ʩչ̽̽ԨëǹŹ֣׼ͣȥ
ֻǣո뿪˲䣬ùŹ֣·Լһ㣬ʧȥ˿ơ

⼸˷һҽУҲ˺󳾣ͬһѪը״ң¶ǰʹ࣬ͬҪϲķһ㣬ǰ

һٶʮ ֮˵

򣬵ĿǰΪֹʮǿȫ״ңƺϵʵȫһ˵һЩ⡣
ǻԨǣЩ򣬴Ϊ档
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˵ͺ¶һ˿֪һǷֵʱǿѡڤսҲԸͽ͵ĵȴ֪ʱή١
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Ԩɡʲôϵ֪ʲô׶Ŀͣ߼ϣ⼸¶أȻ֪ʲôֻǺǰͬδ˵
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һһ˿ɱԸоʱλԵúǿֲ
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׶΢΢㵣𾪣߾֪Ͻ֮£ƺ֪ܶӡ


ҽδͣǿ䣬ң۶ϣֻһصİˣǰغɫԨ޹ء
һַ׷䣬۷ڴˣΪһֲƣκ׵ǿֲдΪ𾪣֪Ǻá
ʹһսʤĵˣ֪ȻԴս󣬱Լս⣬սһ̣ʹɴʱͬһʹӵǿʵȻô޴ʩչ
׶¶һ˿Цɨһܡ
֪ʲôЩΪÿһĺ桭һĹ죬ƽδƽ
׶Уһͷһظһ飬ƺ쵽ʲôԴ־ڷͨ뺣ԭɫԭʱȴѪǣ֡
ް취ƣǿҲڷ׷䣬˲СȻް취
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΢΢ɣĿһɨܣϣͣƬ̣кλ񣬶󿪿ڵԨأжһţ֪ϵҲ˿֪Ԩ
ϵڼԪбζǰԼԪڵٵĴڡ
˺΢΢٣Ϊţ֪λ߻˵Щʲô
ԨֻһɡߴһˣҲȥߵĻӡ֤Բ顣
ʼ磬һӣ˫һУ¶һ˿ºЦݡ׶üЩƺġ
Ŀϣ˶֪ܶ࣬ͬأʱ޷ж˵Ρ
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ӣɫһͣԭ΢Ц̣һߣ䣬Ҳ˶ӣнԵĿƿ
ˣȻֲãЩ״ңӦǱȡӺܵˣʸӦûԨеӦˣ
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һ飬ıһˣ죬һ·ƣ˳˳ˮƿ
˵У˳űɽǿµĴżԵЩˣȴ߻ħ˼䣬˲㡣
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˵꣬Щˣڶԡ
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Ⱥһ˼ǰ׶ȴԣʵûпԵǺΡ
˫ûۣڵϷһ֣裡

һٶʮ 

һֻ֣һ裬λ߰Ȼؼ䣬ƺһŲɴأڳĺ֮ȴһ޷ݵĺһŰһеġ
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ǰԨˣ˲ߣͲҪȥη֪ϧԼδҪ֮ǲһ̹;ߵš
ǰÿһʵƺ̤Уɫ΢΢죬еһҪѪĳ嶯æתѹ
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޾Ԩǰ¶һ̹;һǰǹ޵е̬˵ͷеһΡ
ߵ˭Ȼ֣˼ɻ䣬ȴ˿⣬ʵЩҲǳɵңϤ˭
һɻ׶У΢΢üɨߣͣϺ˿Ϣй磬һΪƽˣֻһֲİǣؼֱɰأ
һǰӹˣԨ֮ǰǰǺɫԨһϢдŨ˾֣ǹϢ̫ŨƺһεĴǰ䣬óȻȥᱻɡ
˲㣬ҪóȻǰУȻ䣬ҪνĻԵûĻᡣ
һ߾ǿߣȻԼԪеһֶصĸ飬Ǻܶ˲ġһǰ±ԨƺҪûһ㡣

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׶¶һ˿λãһĻϤԺУͷϳһɫţںҫһ˿󣬺ۣŹâ΢΢ҫƺڲʲôһ㡣
ˣűˣ˲㣬ô׶ɫ΢΢ҰףѹеļһĻ̫һˣתʱգΪС
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ٺ٣ϰˣҵʵһզأȴĺãСʱȥһĴܲʦų˵Ե֪Ƿ԰ȻȹԨЦһӴƳ
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ҪʲôѲҲػŮӼвδһ㡭⼸Ӧе塣
׶ҡҡͷܾӺ֣࿴һۣתͷ˾ϣʮ˾ͬʱǶһԣһ仰Ǻܶģ˴ˣ˵԰Ȼ롣

ʮͬʱǰһ̤ںɫԨϣ΢΢һ٣ղһ㣬ֺɫţ΢΢һ٣ȴΪʮɵʮͷϣһĻһֲõĸо
âںڹڲԣʮԺˡ
ˣûзֵ֮˵ӵˣǿԷӣΧ֮ˣֻǡ׶ҡҡͷԶ֪࣬㵽׻ףʮȻднңҪɻأֻǿ
ڹһûк߽ǰһûʧһϢϴţʮ˶ʱԼ·ȱʲô

һ̣ʳʥҽ֮׶ʮˣǺ͸ղһĻƣڸԭ򣬱˶ʧְܸϮһֱӱըѪ꣬ɫԨɣҡ
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΢΢Ĭת˲ŭĿԲɣŭӣղŵʮͬʱǰȴûжȹһ䡣

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˿Ⱥгŭ𣬱ǿҲ¶⣬ʮҲǿߣȻǶߣȴѪ裬޷ܣǳƺܹ죬Ӻǿ˵ͳѹˡ
ٺ٣ЦһӺ⣬ڷֻһֽ飬벻ɣֻԼȴ۶ϣҺθɣ
ת˵ʥɽٵǷҪҵͷϣ
׶еһ޷׽Ĳ̬˻֣ûһԣţ³ֻʮ˸ΪֲɫǿϻδɢȥѪζ˷ŭҪϵ
ӵĻҲһ
Ϊβ˵ģƫƫҪ˵ʥɽٵѲɣʥɽĻٵֵͷ׶Уò˼飬һϷԣȴһصĸо·Ļɹ
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˵޹ر޹أҿԤı֪ƭе֣˱Ϻ⣬ݲŵǽԼ֪˵ҲԳƽ
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ģ΢΢һЦҡҡͷɫδ䣬Ȼûܵ˿ѹȡЦӴΪ𾪣ٴǿֻ֣Ȼ޷˿ı䣬Ƶᣬ¶΢Цѹ
ʵһָҡΣǽʱķϣǾ£ֱϣҲøΪǿ󣡡
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ԭΪ̲ס֣Լȳ֣ʱ˵õһЩôڽԨУң񼶱ʵȻǶ⣬Աȥһʧȴδ뵽Ľ
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ͻȻƺӦһ׶䶯ǣ׶Դ
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䣬âһ𣬴ʧںɫУ뿪ҰʮλֵʧɫԨ
ʮʧ仯δ뵽ģԭ취԰ȻԨƽˣδţȴĴڡ
׶лصӵĻ࣬Ȼû뵽ӾϽ磬ϣ£ȻϽǰ߲֣ıʣ˾ȡ
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ߣһʮˣо˰Ȼȹȴһԭأǹ죬ƺ˲㣬ӵİ취ǿţ˽룬Ҳ벻ǿߣûмȴȻҲϿַʽ
ѣѾչˣֻһλоŸ߹ʵ׶룬һȹԨ
ԽԽ٣ɹļԽԽСȻ˲£䲻֪жǿԽǿߣ˿϶ԽǿϿɵ˵ǵ׶μӵĶ飬ҡҡͷܾˡ
ˡֱԣ²һ룬ѲҪһ𲻳ɣЦָıһȺ֣ȻȥԣһؼǶȲˡ
׶ҡҡͷδ顣
ŶȻѲɸ׼һˣǺһɣЦδŹ׶
ʼգΨһ˶ԽУǺ衣
׶̧ͷһۣӶʱһ飬·̽һҡҡͷкڲѣƽǿߡ
δԣ׶˵ˣʱ׼һǰ
׶һˣǰԽӣֱɫԨһ統ĺߣĿ⡣д⣬ÿһƽ˷ɣûһ㵣ǣǰλҲ¶֮ɫ

һٶʮ 

׶ǰΧ벻Ŀ⣬ڼ֪ǷܹȻȹһǰУǰԨĿǰΪֹֻɲͷ߼ɵĺǰո˵󣬻֪
ٺ٣СӣҪΪӰװ׳ǽһ̤ȥܾʧղųԼ׶ӣЦ
Ƶģʵ׶һ·סһ˶ʧȥϣ˽׶·
Թۣδᣬʱ˲࣬ܶѾȥʣ߶ǵ޷Ȼȹڴ˵أ׶ǰȥ̽һ˵ʲô֡
׶΢΢һ¶һ˿ЦݣлԨδ˿ͣͣһţģü¶һ˿뵣֮ɫа˼ʵǿʵ޹ϵ˭Ҳ֪ҲԨС
ֻǣΪšѲп԰ȻȹԨİգüͷһһֲõĸоȻ
׶ûᣬעУһ̤ʱֻӿһ֮ӰӯһںɫĹųͷϣҫڹ⣬Ȼڲ׶˵Ρ
׶૵һ̣üͷûиղŵд⣬еһ˿ԻƣΪ﷢һλصˣϸԪУϸԪ֮Ԫûνٸ
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΢΢𶯣Щͳ˵
ǿе谭˼İ취ȥʹͱУԼĵӵȥʱҲǵҪ飡
׶һһУԳ룬Ϊˣǰʷ飬˼ܸǧĻʷ֤һ㣬Ҳ֤һ㡣ںһԻ֮һĵãԲҲһ
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СѵһϣܺúУҲϷΨһֵܳˡ

һٶʮ ʦֶ

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ʥɽ𶯣翣ƺҪȥһ㣬׶üͷһȴһ龰ʥɽɢһǰ棬סʥɽӡ

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΢΢һʱ۳һѼʸģƳգŵԪŵû˿赲֮ûɫ֮С

һٶʮ ͵죨1

޴ֱ֮ûԪŵû˿Ԫŵû˿Ӧ֮ûаɫУǳ֮ǴǿߺڣҲһԪѻԵڡ
ô᣿ŵȻû˿ӦΪΣѲɹŵ޷赲׶ֱŵȻ֪ƴ֮ǿǿߣ룬ޱǿ
йżأԪŵӵսԪĲԤʵذĿֲ
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еһĨϣ
תʱգ죡
һףȴʧؼ䣬ƺûг֣΢΢𾪣ȴӾתʱգѾΥеʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨еʱռ䲻棬Ǵ
λʦȴҪ֮١
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ȻһҵײԹŵдƺҪо֮гһ㣬ŵѹļ˻ģһȫֿ
ʥɽҲ΢΢ŴһưɫϢͶӰ£ܣŵֹŵǿ֮ͣҪı仯ԣҪתʱա
תʱգת죬ؼ޷ɹġ
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ңԪ磬ҪΪһ£
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ŭ񷣬ֱͦɴأȴҪ֮Ʋ񷡣׶̾Ϣ·ܵŮӵķŭ·һһԪ˵ǼԪµį벻ʡ
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Զŵһ֣鸡ãǲдؼһ˿ӡ֤ڹĺۼ߿ǹѪ벻ʣһ谭
𶯣Ʊãŵͣƺסĳ֮ʥɽҲ𶯣һѺɽг֣Ҫһ㡣
ȵļԪ
׶̲סԼźΪϵһ㣬û壬ûгޣֻжԼԪĸ飬ԭʼ֮ȴŪڹУ޾ֻأֻһѣûоͷ
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ѵҪѲɣ
׶һȴоһɹ֮ʦڣһޱǿȵϺȹϵϢ£ʮŸԪźĿһ̣ƺֿɼ֮⡣
ƣ
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׶ɤЩ˻ƣδһĻķˣҲ޿κεĹŵȻʦ飬֮ųǲǳ̹֮żԪ糬ѵϣڣ׶ԵĺһҲ

ͻȻͷУֻ˲ʵ֣λɢޣչǿʵȻ񼶱𣬷׷׳ȥץ֮дһĨ
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ԵӵгѵĻᣬû˻
׶гȥͷûóȻ֡ԣȻɣȻ鼤ȴüͷһ˿ͬѰŴʱͷһ֮ԿʥɽԪŵʦ૵ӡԲ㡭
׶ҲȥŮӭһУʱɶԿŵʥɽ
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Ļһֵǿ֮Աǣһȴ·һ޷谭񼶱ʵҲ޷ʩչ˸ǿ߱ˣԶȻţһ仰˰λŮӺεΰ
֮ҿ׷ʲô飡
һӣ֮ǰǺܴһų֮˳ѼޣӵгѵʸĿγȴһ˿ϣŰɫţлӶһŮʩչ
ʱ΢΢ƣһĻĻģչ֣ƺ˵Զŵ٣չʲôһ㡣
ѵĿתʱգ׶üʼղţܰһط·𰲾û˿谭
ţҪУὫһ̣Ů죬Ҫתʱգʥɽŵ谭ȴû赲
޷ʥɽ˵ഫ̹żԪ磬Ͻ磬ÿһԪжôһѹһеĵȻҲ޷ͻƣ
Ļ׶ԣΪ׶

һٶʮ ͵죨2

ɫϣһĻĻͶӰ㿪ʼչ֣ģȴһУתʱգָԭһС
תʱգҿʮŸԪʲô
ʦħŮһŰɫĳֹ֮סҪѵ뷨ΪţƺҪʲôȴ֪
Գ֮ס̰˳ѵԵһͬλһ㣬֪ۡ
һ̴壬ֻԼһöӣԸˣһУֵ龴׶һͻȻȷһֳХĸоŮͻȻӿһ޷ﾴأΣ˺ķ˴תʱգķ̫۽Σһ
˹һ̩ɽںëĹޡ
еİɫţ渡һĻĻʼݱ䣬ħԪһУǵʮŸԪһԪݱ䡣
УһλˣһɣΪϣȴλ磬ˣŮһУ׽׶ͫ΢΢һεϤǴʦ֣ƿߣλصء
ǾȻȻڼԪ֮Ѿˣƺǵʦ׶Լڼ֤һʷ׷
һȥҪһԪΡеΪԪ޷뱾ԪħԪûпԪǿߡ
Ҳţüͷǵʦ壬֪ܳ¶á
һתɫĻչһĻĻǼԪֻ֮ǿ˱֮һϴڣ̻ķɽͳһ磬ʮ磬硣
սħ壬ӡʩչ󷨣ħǣѪ޷зܣħϣеëˣһµ壬ħ塣
Ǹ̻ķͳ飬ƾһ㣬ԳΪһ˻ʣ岻֮һ
͵ͷһУ˼Ԫ֮ĻսһԪԪͬǺļԪ֮Ҳʼתʵˡ
Ϊδδмѵˣǡ
һ׶ȴδһգλħԪбһȴټżҲûмأ֪λ˻ʼǿߣ
ǡôܣȻ׶һҲе˲ͬѰŻеһĻ
ɫԲ̣ʮУ˵õʼԲ̣ҪԲ֮ϣõһų֮ų֮ԱʦеŸһЩ
ԭˣһԵ
ʦͷ¶һ˿ʹ࣬Ҳ΢΢תʱգʥɽȱѹƣҲ̫ܳã죬վУҪӴĴۣ֪ܳŶã
УҪȻҲĿҧ촽һ䣬ٶȿ˺ܶࡣ
ӵõԲ̣֮ʵǿﵽ˹Ĵڣ޵УĳһͻȻ˫ƽ̹ǳһ㣬Բ̣˼С
󣬵ڶӱ˱׶еĶʦ֣ԨԴ
˽̸һʧ֪һƬǿУԶʮ磬ΨǶˣͳԲ̣
Ҫʲô
һ˼ͷ֪λǿĴҪΣԲ̣֮֮ǳѵĻԵ
ΪȹĴڣأƺֻһͣ׶вţţ´ʲô
ҪѰɡѵ˳ˣ׶૵š
ҡҡͷ϶ĿǰΪֹ̹żԪû˳ѣֻһЩٽѵǿߣһ˳ѣиУӿͬ죡
֪
У˼Բ̣ʼ£һһзԲУڼʲôһ㣬ʦһԲٿأںϳ֮
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캧ˣʦҲ¶˼֮ɫ翣ʦһ˿ãԹһ˵õ˹ϣȴһֶΣʦ
һɫĹԣľʱϣ׶ĽȻһһĻͫһϤĻӿǰһĻϤߣһĻٴγ֡
ȻôܣȻǽ׶һ޷ƽƺԤϵδ
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ɫһԣһֹе֮зֱǿ֣֮ɫһԣΪһֲĵ
ǰһ˿ִȼԭɫ֮ʱɫǴѾͷǡһδҪһĻ
ҡҡͷӷһ⣬ԭҪģɢȥĻٴα
Ҫȥ㽫ʧȥĻᣡһԺ¶һ˿ΣһĨء
׶Ҳȥһ𾴣׼Լʱǽӡȼգˣӡɢʧȥֻصʸ޷ؼ䣬ΪҵһĻ
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ûжԣų֮ϵĻ棬ߴʱѾǵ˾أаɫ˹ѾںʵȹâƺҪƬǿһգޱǿҡ

һʮ ͵죨3

Ϣһ֮̿ݺ˻ģǳ·УҲѹЩϵ֮ʱѾǿߣΧһɹɳ֮ǳѵļ
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׶ૣʵ𺳣ǰһĻ׶Ѿףλǿʲôһ֮Բ볬֮ҪгѣֳЩأ֪ʩչʲôֶΣ˴ĸӦ
ΨһĽͱǰɫ֮ϣ׻𶯣Բ̹ܿܲżԪ硣
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ܹ⻪ʩչһְɫϢΧڱΣʱմңƺһҹ֮أҲ޷Ӧ⻪ڣƺҪϼģûиӦһĻƽ
ʱ͸ȴú߳ˣֶ̫ˣܹ˴ĸӦͷǴ˵˳ɹѣϽ硣
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ܳɹ
һͷЩͣͣһĻ̫ˣͨʱճΪ֤ߣֻǲ֪
ܹ˴ѾˣֻҪϽ磬һҲǱȽϼ򵥵һϰѡ

˲ͬ׶ҡͷ̾һĻ̫ϤˣǸ磬һһУ̲סҡͷ̾
Уǰһץܺӿڲһɹɾ޴ɱ̧֣ļµȴʱƽּԸһС
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˾߹Ȼǿλǿߴʱֻǰ벽ѣδϽ磬ȴѾǿΣּ串ǿգ
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һתһӵĴ֮䣬ŹӲȥҲܸоϴһļµ·صΪʼʱ̣ص֮Ԫ
ϲãϢúΪ𶯣ǹϵ·ص˼磬ΪϤһĻ
һƣ߻ƿš
΢ѹļһ˿ȥ̲סȴȻ˼һĻˣ
Ԫ磡
˳ˣأʩչһֶαܹӦվǳˣԽһţɽϽ磬չֵһƬأ֪ٺ۱ΪһŬ

Ż򿪣һɹɲãϢ͸޾ʱȻͻȻڿѪȻվ˺벽Ҫ֤һĻߣȴҪ֤ѵ˲䡣
Ż򿪣ûеľκˣֻһƽ̹΢΢ɻȴһ̤档
һתһƬصĿռ䣬ȴйӵĴųǰһߴ߳ȥԵɻ
ˣƺЩԣѵϽһԵҲüһĻвʵ̫ࡣ
ûеӿûо֮ƽ޷һĻ

涨񣬶ɢȥ֮𵴣һ׹صŵУһĻ̫ˣ˵ϡ
ߵΣǷȫϽ磬ǷϽ磬һΣ֪һţԶδ⡣
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ɢȥӡѾѾƬ磬з𣬲лһ죬һбΪ˼֤ղһĻ֪Ƿֵá
ټˡҵļ硭
۽¶һ˿Ө֣ҪʲôȴҰɢڿռ֮УԶƬء
ʦһλʦҲɢȥ
ԶӰܹͷ߱صӣ¶һ˿ˣÿһԪ綼ˣƴĳѣΪ˷һ𣬲֪ǷֵãĳΣ

һʮһ ϽӦ

һжˣ˴ǰһĻ仯̫죬δĻȥ֮ŵջأʦӡɢȥؼ䣬ִʵ̫ˣʧȥһеϣԶ
ӡɢȥˣؼûĴڣһȴδκεĺۼɱ̾ȴɾ
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΢΢˲ʱĿģʥɽŵŵѾָһָʱҫһʥ⣬ʥɽ˴ϣǹŹ֡
۸ղһĻսΣԪʱ̳ѣȻҪõ֮˽Ŀڹŵ֮ϣǳ֮
Ҫŵеĳֻ֮ûа취ԶԿŵʥɽ׶ۣɨһЦʦȣЩ˲̫࣬ûаտԴеõ֮ᱻŵѹ
УǿҲ޷ԿŵŮӣ֮ԪȻѹŵĪ⣬ʵȴޱǿ󣬿ѹһСﻹʥɽʥɽʦ֣׼£ˣѹơ
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ƺѾõļԪŵٴλָʵӳ˯ѹ

ǾУŵӵĴſĴ򿪣ΧϢָƽڶлָƽȴ˱ϢӶȥҲҴһ¡
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Ŀӣɨܣ΢΢һ٣ô꣬½Ҫս֪֮ߵغеһжѾעǰ͵Уͼսϣ֪
ŭһͬף춯ŭʱƺϣһľ磬Ͷ䶼
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˵ĳֳϣڽһ˿ϣĨɱعŵնõ֮ϣ
׶һúѹ֣˵ĳִһ˿룬ⲻǳѵ⣬һĸʦΪνļԪѣԸ׼ԸӡùһλߣһԻ͡
ûгߣһ޸֮ƼʼûȨڱУһֱǰ˱Ǹ
˷ŭţȴ޿κΣǹϢסˣһ޷ֲĲ·֮䣬ԶҲ޷ֲλҲ̾ϢһƬңʵֲܸࡣ
ıʹĪڴϣ֮ʱȴǰڷһ޷ԽԨ
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һȴûڰеȴüͷ滺ɫ΢΢Źֹ֣Ȼһѣд󣬾½ûгߣȴɱٺ٣εȤˡ
˫΢䣬ٺһЦһ뿴ֵļҲɫŹ֣ҲɫŹ֡
ʥɽУϽʹһѹķԻãƺһɴסһУȴܸоһ˫ŷ̵ɨܣڿмط΢΢ͣɨÿˣһֳЦ뼥ͬһӷһ㣬Խ˵ķ룬ؼĲࡣ
ϣעϣǿٶ࣬Ҳˣ
΢΢䶯Цһ¶һ˿ɱ׼֣Ͻ֮ˣһ̶һۣġ
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һЦдһ̶ҰʥɽһҲѹס߳һˣʱϢɢصĲɣµļ֤
׶ƤһҲϳ˵ݣϢһλ֪á

һʮ նɱ

϶ɣƻص֮䣬֮һϲãϢˣһ׶üͷоκˣĵڶǵһǰ֮˱ǵڶ
ص֮ˣĳǱ֮ӣͬ٣ԼԪԼһɺĸ飬ͬӶĸһ㣬һǿҪһճȥϽ磬룬һ߰ػػˣػĸף岻ݴǵΣ㸳ġ
ף㣿˰ڳˣϽʹ΢΢һЦ̵ǹҲУϽ磬ְһеʸ󣬵ͬ˽İնԣһѪϵ
ǹϵȣҲ಻֪١
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ǰУһ𶯣·ӭĻӿһͬʱ췢ɱ츳նɱʹʸͬʱõϿɣǺֵ飬ȴ
׶Įӣһ̣ȴЩڵ壬δҪǱԼļ磬ʦһ㣬ƴһУνֻһֶΣҲüԪ
ĲǼԪ磬ǵ꣬ûԸġ
ǵһءسϫ٣ǵǸʱָô죿׶ૡ
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ͣ
ռ΢΢һ˴߳辪һ棡
׶ȥҲǴΪ𾪣棬ʼ棬ųؼһ壬ϵ֮棬Ҳǹϵ֮һڹżУδȴͻȻ֡
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һģӰƺƬռ䣬ƮƮɣų֮ͳʼ棬һλйϵ
ħƣںڰУǺڰʣȴħϵľħ棬ഫһλϵҴһ壬ħʵǿ
һǿ֣߳ǹϵ漶棬ħ棬棬ʥ棬棬ǿʼ棬вǿߣһ㣬δһ壬ʵȴޱǿԽ񼶱
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ڸߵľ磬ͬ飬λʹԼĽ벽ǿߣ˿塣
ҼԪʮŸԪÿԪ֪ͶǿߣѵĻᣬһϽʹΨһ
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ʹҡҡͷһ㣬λ񼶱ǿߺȻѣһѪ꣬ʥɽУʳϣ뵽νʹϽǿ߻ˣ¾ߣûһ˿ǿߵϡ
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ˡúݣ׶ѹŭеĲǾ֣֮ޣʵʵն㣡
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ʥ֮Լʮʥ飬ÿһʥ鶼һ㣬ﵽ˷ļޣܹȥɾޡ
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ʼһ֣Ҳδͣһ֣Ͻǿߣĳߣǰ벽ѵҲû˿գΨоһսֶʩչޣһΨһλᡣ
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˫¶һŨĽ⣬ƺһλŽ׵ս񣬴̷һŭȴ֮䣬սһ䣡

ļµϢϯ죬ѣڿѪϺˣʥɽҲ𶯣ƺҪ߽⣬ŵ΢΢𶯣ѹһУȴЩưܣǿƿ֪
ʲôȻƾһʵϽط׶׾ȴȻһĻս䣬ʹʵƾһѹʼ棬ʹȥ
ԪϵԾϽʹһʼ۷壬˭Ҳ䲻ǼԪ磬һı

һʮ սһ

ս䣬ϽֶΣǿʩչʵڼԪδţֶҲֻϽ磬һ֮أԽ˼Ԫ磬ӦиΪ
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׶Ͼֻһ΢ǿ߶ѣ񼶱̫ˣֻ϶ѣı仯ע⣬˽Ŀս֮ϣǲһеĵط
Ѫڣڵŭһ֮ݷŭһû˽أֶη׷ʩչƲ񷣬𶯣ǧ۴£ֹбԴ֮£һ𹥻
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ͻȻʮǿϢٶεı۷徳磬һЩڹʦ׷׳ȥŲ
ҲǼԪ֮üԪԪֻأ˹ͬĿģΪηҪ˳ѣԼĹؼ֮
׶һˣһҲǳȥȴδ񣬶ѡѾݽߵֻ࣬ǽɫѾɢȥ룬󰵵ʱҪѣҲע⵽࣬ȴҡҡͷѾѣô
ǽĿϣǿ漰ѵĻᣬĳ̶ֳȶԣȳѼԪŵеĳ֮ҪһԳѡ
֮ǰ׶Ѫڣ׻ѪʼѪâתѹƣڸղ߼䷢һֱ仯ʱѹסȻ׶Ҫһ
ץУ׶Ըϵ·һʻһ㣬ɫ׶ϣʱʧ
⡭˻Ȼ뱾ʲ²һ׻Ѫйϵ׶һ¶һ˿˿ˬܹоѪı仯ɫû׻ѪУϹʢƺͬͬԴûһ˿ҡ
һĻ׶ͷƺץסʲô׻ѪԴֽɫѪȴϣΪӴ󣬰߼ӦһܣֻĿǰ֪ˡ
Ѫ׶һʱѾֳ˽ʮһǰȥᣬֻδɹ󱻺õվλвĸ֣ǵʼػںΧ
ˣسϫ֮ʱԻᳬѣΪҼԪƴȥһ˿ᣬڶͣ
Ȼ䣬ȴһ˿ִţΨһһֲһλսһеǿߣĵ棡

һʮ ʹ

һĻ˻ҡͷ
ǸдǻۣԵδõ˵иᳬԪȻأƺԼһ˿ϵնһУʧȥԭĸ飬˳ѵĻ̫Сˡ
˵ľһЩһ۱㿴˺ĵǵΪʱĵնȥһӱģɾͳѣһ·Ҫϣǲеϵһ˵
󣬼һУնѣɾϴ
ȴҡҡͷüͷ壬ǴӸеˣҲ޵ֵң޷죬ĳɹ˵ҲһλǿߡδҲдã
Ŀ¶һ˿⣬ĸԶһЩ΢΢ͷȴǾ̾λӴĿƺ̫ңԶӸ¡
񣬳֮ѾɢȥΨǵһ˿˿ѣʹˣȻдã˲Ը뿪ŬռҪõһ˿һ˿Խ磬ȴһ˿˵ÿͻƵǰƽ
˾õϿɣӦʲôƺʳѣʼˣҲҪӦһãѵĻ󣡡
׶ĿںϣվвǿߣػԷһ׶עԶһЩΪȥÿһһǿߣϢ˵սΧ£ǿߣĿⲻơ
¹شһõԳѣͬΪѣΪǿȻŹᡣ
Ϊ
߻ʣһλǿߣų֮ĸĵλû棬ȨҲ׼ᣬҪѼԪʵǵõ񣬵лᳬѣ
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ͻȻü󾪵ӣӣȻҪ壬һӣ
˵䣬֮ƿ뿪ϢǴҲ޷ӦڼԪпƾʧΨĳߣЩҲ
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ȺɽУȴһڵϣ׶ڴˣϳ̹żԪպյϽʹ
һ˿ɫѪһۻ죬ֱо׹ⶼǽɫģĽȻ˫һţ¶һ˿ЦݣԵȻ
½ϣҪУնɱʹҲǿģǵĻԽԽ󣬡һλǿߣһλ壬µҲСңΪλ࣬ǿĲǴӣսһ彻ã֣
΢΢üһǵ壬Ǵӵٸλʹ֪ɱˣҲᶯŭ
ҡҡͷˣ嶼ӡǱϣҲҪһڴڼǿС
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ǲҪٺ٣һѣи㣬ѡһѻԵΣ
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ʥɽսһ壬
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˾һǿ߿ʼˣ¶٣û֪׷ʲôʥɽըԪŵȴʥɽУŵлһų֮Ѿ޷õˡ
һͣڿеʬ壬뿪ΧŲٵǿߣһػǲʯһ˴뿪
׶ؿڣĬĬվԶԶʥɽһƬըʯɣ֪䣬ǿ⣬䣬Ѫ·ǿա
ˡǹݣ½ΪϣˣҲҪնɱǿӿʥɽʵ
׶ĬĬԼԪҲи飬ȴһ̫࣬ȴ޿κΣʶʶΪϣʶʹĲɱʶʥɽĹΰг֣ǲңǲܣʵ㡣
װ׳ֻ֣Ϊһʱʹ죬һʱѪͷһգǿ߻ʣǿ֮ʣͣţڵ˻ᡣ
Ԫ컹̫СˡȻҪɱϽ硭ʶգһʹʵǸǿأľͷʲô˵ûνľͷ
׶Ŀ룬ȴǿߴдӱը뿪ݲƣһμĿ΢΢׶ϣ뿪
Сģ
ʱ׶ͫһХһɫӰ۶ǰɫòһҪѵζǳ֮ǰɫаһ塣
ٺ٣ȻҪǺãһԵ㲻ܹõ
Ȼʹŵٴγ˶ߣֻһӰֱӿԽһУǰĿǴĺ
Ҫһ̽ɱն쳬ѵϣ

һʮ 

һ˿ϣΪԪˣӼԪ絮֮Ѵڣʵֻ벽ͻƳѣΪĳߣнΪӽѵһˡ
̳־õʼ󣬸ǵõ񣬼ʱ˺ͣȫռݣֻҪ뿪һʱ䣬أΪԪһߣԪ֮߱˰üԪֻص
ϣȴҪʹն
ٶȼ죬ɫһӰĿУһâǱĳ֮Ĩɱһǿߡ
һĻ·ǰ
죡ֹҼԪϣ򲻿ɳ⣡һǰ̽·ʱ޷赲
һ䣬ʱɳˣ񾳽磬ǿߣ׷ʼ˷ӣ¶һ־ɫâû˿ԥֱײϣ
˻
׶һǰ׹һһ˿ͣҲûУƼ˵赲ڰ׹У·𱻾һ㣬⼸˾ȻûзһҽУϢڰ׹УһĻ𾪡
Ǽλǿߣֻ벽ɽ벽֮ĳ̶ֳȶԣѾĶսʹˣɲһ
ϣ
죡
΢΢𾪹󣬸ڴ󺰣׹ʵ̫ǿһӽʹҲûа취뿪سϫٽѾӽĴѣڴʱֻܴɣϣˡ
һ׶ţٴγȥֻλ񣬸񣬼ʹˣûԹԣһǰ
ңΪһУԶÿһС

׶վԭŭһŭ𱬷Ծɱ׹ʧڰ׹УûвҽУûԹԣǴЦ뿪ˡ
֪ǰУֻΪʱԴ뿪ϣ˵ϣʹɣҲҪϣ
׶۽ʪˣ۶ȥбԭĵ֮ʱƺɶ֮࣬£Ī֮Īǧŵ֮ѵߣƹļ컯ȴһĮӡ
һ̣ǵ·ķ
裡
˱УʥɽȻѣ죬һɫӰӴӳֱһɫǽ壬ΡƣİɫâǼԪŵʥɽѣȴʹʬ
ಣ
˼۶ȥŵѹȺۣ֪ģһԪοǿߣʱпֲʬ壬йŵ룬ʮùȥ־Ҫٴŵ׷١
ϣԳɹϷڴף㣬ˣҪϷ򣬹ϣ
һɲϢӿһӰԺΧ뿪ǹϵ²ͣɲǼŵ
ˣϷΪڼԪ֮αȲЩ󱲣棬Ϸˣ
УͻȻһ⣬һõӡȼӡֱӵȼһУԪŵ
䣡
ҵϢһӴıϢǿգһ˿˿ѷ֣ƿ˿ռ䣬Ϣײȴ죬ƿռ䣬ȻײѾﵽߵˮ׼֪
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׶ŭһŭϲԣ֣ۻ֮λԣϽɫĻʵ֮ΧԲΧֻע⵽˽ܣһȴ΢һ̲֪ŭˮ
䣬һ뿪ӹ񣬵¶ٹȴɣֻΪһ˿ϣ
һеǷֵã
ģҶȻᳬѣΪԪıһУ
ĽȻͣӣĮȴó˿ŭĵ棬նһԵи飬ڹĸжеĸмĬĬͷת뿪
ϣ
һԣƺ鵤ҩʱ֪ΪģֻΪʱ䣬赲ɫʬϼԪ
⡣
ڴɽеʹ¶һ˿΢Цè׽һ㣬ϷŪ͸ˮңԪһУ߸ϣͬһ־һ㣬ûһ˿жЦݣ½ν
ȻôԸǺãȫǣٺ٣̹żԪ絽жٵܹţ˲Ԫģ
һͬŭЩɺ죬űɱһĻƺĵ׵֮һ䣬һָʱˮеİɫĽȻһ٣׷׷˶ȥ
Ǹ
׶һĻβ֪ʹ룬ŭ죬ȴҪ̲סһĻĮҲҪжҲ⣬׶۽ʪˣ˶ʪˣһǿ䣬׹ɢ˱ŵѹɻңǿһۣսʵ
Ϣ˳Ĭ֪ζԣ뿪£˳׹ŵ
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ĽȻһ֮ⲻ֮Ҳ壬һ˿ԣУ˾׶ĽȻȥһģǿ߳˹ȥͷ֮ϣȻһֻǡ
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һֲͷ׶УޣһգѪǿһȴʧ٣Ψֳһλ˾ޣǰȥһ˱ԡ
񣡡
һֻͨɫģգȻ˫ɨǿգ˵ͷ֮һɫأƺһԲεΪǿһ֣ǰʮ

һʮһ ·

ʹһֻǰʮĽѾһδЩϵ伮Ҳûмأɫĵأδţ׶𶯣һ˿ϲƺ˹϶صļԪ¶ܡ
ޣ־ĳ̶ֳȶԣЩͬڵļõرԴľ裬ܡӦôЩСҲ󵣬Ҳ֮һ
׶Ŀڽ֮ϣǧ˼ƺ˱ɽһǣȴΪأ׻䣬Ĵ󶥼ںδһδ֪ܡ
Ϸ죬ҲˣҵԶȹӲдźöˣЩֵѾȥˣһҲã
ԣһ˿ԻļȻУ߿ǿգʱ·΢΢ֹһ㣬дĸо޴ĽɫչնĹŵ
ԪŵнΪϵڣ֪ƺʹйأϽ硣
ӭŹŵȻײȥһײʱ·ֹ˾ӣ´ʲô
ϵ޵ȥдĽӦ֪Ψеޱֻǡ
׶һ̾һͷ޳ŵϽǿȿ֪ѾԤϣűĽŵ
䣡
ռ𶯣ҵĲûг֣·𽫹ŵײ飬мƬɫɢ䣬ȾɫѪһ񷢳ĺУȻŵǰźͱԼ
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ͻȻһָңң򣬹ϼԪŵŵȻһ𣬷·עǿҵĹâţ˵ɶˣ޷赲ɲѾ˼Ԫ磬Χѿ˿˿ɫ϶Ҫƿնȥ
𣡡
ŭһƷһָӵĺУѪһƬȻڣ𶯳Ҫȴŵѹͷĺɫƾ𶯣Ҳ޷ŵ档
һһأѣȴһĻ
Ϸǽ񣬿ٵصһֻǹޣŵΣԣ
ͷ֮ϣ״ԲͻȻ壬ƽɫҶӣƮڿУƮ䣬һ̷·һжֹˡڹŵ֮ϣȻը·ؼнԪУеĵͻȻУ·ӭ֮棬͸һɱС
䣡
޴ͻȻһըѣɫѪ͸ԲȫŭһŽɫĹâҪһ㣬𶯣ŭҲԴĳͷ

׶һһĻֻǴڴ˵УδسＫ±ɹͨõľˡ
飡
һѪڴӴըɫѪ춼ǣϵ˻ɫУ˾һõѪųмһУƺָǣгѹ


һ쳹Уһ̣Ҳͣˣӿ𻨳֣ǴΪ֮ӵĳֶء
֮󣬱֮Դȴһȴ͸ǿഫǵۺӵԡ޵ųƲ
ôܣȻٻô飡
׶ˣһǰӹϳˣ飬׻䣬Ƕޣޣ𽣬ȵȣһɫӰ׶󵣬ں󵡣
֮飬֣ѹ죡
һĽȻըѣ¶һ飬Уʱһգ˴ƺһִı龪𣬶ʱʣ޾
һɾʱŵ赲ǰʹʬҲ˼ͣ
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ǡȻôļԪ֮ޣʮޱ֮ͨʣʮб֮ʣʮбǶ֮ʣ⡭һǰδţȻĳˣ
ʹͫ΢΢ɻâ̾Ϣһ˽Բֹˣһڳ֣ܣĳλһּԪ֮ޣⲻҿĴҲУ
ҡҡͷƺʲôϽ磬ƺһֹһмԪ֮޵Ĵ˵ƺġ
䣡
ʹ֣ͣȴδͣһһӴĹ򣬺Ȼ佫ŵʬѹ޷ֺһص·ϣظķģС
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Ԫŵ𶯣ڲй⻬תסһʬȴʹĿƣĽȻ֮𶯣ɢȥգع鵽Ͻ硣
䣡
ͻȻӺװըѿɫԳ⣬ȴһֻԵѣһ߳ߵʬ壬ĳ̶ֳȶԣѾ˼ԪһըʱһɹɲѣΧ鰧һȻ
ֹˣ޴ĳܣ䣬Ѫˣأɳ죬˹·
·ãڲ֪ãδй𵴣ȴɳ֮º𶯣ѵ׶ȥһι·Ѿѿ޴϶ը࣬·бļ
һʮ һ˲

·بűڣǿ߹ĴȴϽ磬Ͻǿ£ܹƣȴڳʬкȻѿ
·بŴڵĹ·Ȼˣ
׶ˣ޷һĻȻᷢ飬ҲԱôѺľ˵ûὫԪ飬ǲǻս
𾪣д¶һ˿ˣ·ѣ񻹲š
׶ҡͷ뿪ܣ׶ݣʵֻ֮ȴٶϣԳ񣬵ǲɱըԴ뿪΢΢ͣĿȻ·Ҳϡ
·ˡʥɽҲˡһʱ̡ܹѡδ֪
׶ҡͷһƬͳܹص𶯣Ѿȣһٻ飬Ѿ̫ĵ֮Դϫ֮ȻٽʱǴûгߣֻлһ;ֻء
ˣףĸףˣѣ׶ҲһֱŬʵǼµĶȴеһģʵޣʱ䲻ˣ쳱ϫǰߵĲΡ
䣡
·һζѣԤУʱпɬ·֤̫ණ˸飬һ·̹żԪļ֤ÿһԪĺۼǴڵļ֤Ҳˡ
·ڿжϳһؽصĹ·ڣֻԶʥɽĵĵطֻܵ΢ײ𵴣ûдı飬ٹųǱȻ̫ⳡС
סôëȻĸо
׶ĽȻתȫϢӿ׻ڲΣٵףʶɫСǾҶΣƽδͷһɲǼ侪ˡ
һȻӱըг׻֮£׶֪ǼԪŵ뱬ըоȻδ˿ˣŵ֮ǰһǺɫӰս֮һзƽ˾һеķ籩ȫһӰѹ
˭Ȼôֵɷ籩ѵҲһλߡ
׶кݺһ˾ǳߣȻʵԪоȻһλߣȻҲԪŵйأУŵز֪ܣƺһͨϽ·
ಣ
׶ת˲ţǹɾҵûͣ£Խǿң뿪£ڵɫСڲڣƺһϵΣʱ̣׼
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¶һ˿ЦݣƺԼ˵ЦǰУŵں󷽣ٶޱȣ׶Ҫһʼո׶߼һļС
׶ɫ䣬ȻǰУͬʱһɷŭ׷ϣȴèϷ󣬳㡢ӡ
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׶ŭָĽȻһ㣬üĴһ˿˿ʱһɫĹĻϵͬ磬˲ٴʧٶ֮ͬ飬Ⱦ׵֮
ұԴ֮ϵǼµٶȣȴĴֻǴʱ׶òʩչ
ףе˼ǲ
ͷ˴ʱϵı飬һϷʵɫһٴʧʱٴγ׶ٶɱһ˿಻٣ղһĻƣʵɼ
޾գѾ˱ըķΧ뿪֪˺εء
ˡ˭ҪʲôΪθűʣ
׶ŤͷһƪޣֻܿɫĹŵ͸һɲб仯һɱϢ΢΢𾪣ĿӰ֮ϣ߸ϣȴϷˣԼ
ҪʵٶʹǳҲСţ
׶ɫһ¶һ˿΢΢䶯ָһ㣬ٴεü֮¶һϹҫԴָΪ׶ԴǨԴ
׶Լĵ֮һֱԴֶΣ׶Ӷ֣ԴĽȻĿУ£ʱ׶ϢţȻͷԸԴҲܸϣ
׹ţ׶һ̷·׵еĵٶȥһɫͨٶȿ˼£ƺҪƿռһ㡣
һ̣·ٶȵļ£ԿԽռУﵽļٶȡ
Ȥ׵ﵽ־磬Ҳ㾪ޡӦûĶٶȴ棬̹żԪջСҲգкջ񣡡
ĽȻӰŹŵɼۣٶȾȻƾٴ죬תۼʧ֮˿ĲӰȻٶϣ׶˲ֹһ硣
׶Ӱɣһ˿Цݣ׶ͷ󿪿ڵ㲻ˣƾٶο죬޷뿪ƿأһԪٶѾʵҪǿжñԴأܻδ֮·
ʲţ
׶ĽȻͷӰϹƣüĴ¶һ˿ϽɫѪҺ¶ɫѪâҲϽɫѪҺ
ڣ
ĽȻ׶һСȻһ̶ͣתٶȸ죬һɫӿУսҲûУ붦ڣСת׶ٶȶʱһ࣡
·ռ䣬һУõռУƺԴƿռ䣬ɲǼ䵽κ֮

һʮ 

ռʱ䣬֮ϣǿַ򣬺ų򣬰󣬳Խڶ෨ǽӽԴּܿܿޣǴҲֻƤëѡ
˿̣׶ڼ¾£Ȼ˿ռļޣ⾪ϲ
·ռ䣬Ϊһ壬˿ռУ룬ɳ֣û˿ֹͣٶȴﵽ˼£ӿռ䣬һּ£Դһ־磬Ǹϡ
ǿռġȻٶٿûлԵԶܴﵽּޣתٶȣ˲ϢһУ
׶ɱ仯ܹٶȵ۷壬ȴֻܴ޷ʵǣһ񾳣Ԫдδ˴ﵽʹҲûˣഫһֽٶȵı棬ﵽ˿ռֻ֮һ˵
˼Ȼٶȼ£Сӡܹһдﵽľأ̹һ֪ٺ١ϧעûˡӰͷ΢ʱʧԭأŵҲ֮ȥ
Ϣƾʧ봫˵дﵽٶȼ£ռ˲ϢƶЩƣգۼɽκһء
׶תͷƲһۣһˣ΢΢ɿһ˿ǣող˾ǳߣʹʱ˼ٶȣҲһԽ˦ȥ˵ʿɽ˦ʵһţˣ˼򵥡ܹѣûһߣ
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ϲԱӻǴԳߵıӣһѣһϣõԴִһ졣
̹żԪ磬粻ͬɷϰΪǿ֮ܣҲܴơ
Զ׶ԾһĻͻȻһ˼ͷ
곬ѡ͵Уʦ

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׶ɨһܣʶ̽ȴҷλϢҲǲ֪ǼλͲ֪١
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ˣʵܾˡ׶ȻӰ
ǰһɫķȴ¶һӴϢ죬𺳡

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׶ףǿ󣬶ֶ̫࣬Ϊ˳ѣΪ˸Ŀ֪꣬¶ٺ֡
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дʧɫȴ޿κΣֻܵԭأʱǵѾԼȴԷС
˲Ŀ׶ϣʵǿĿֲϣҲˣ˲ȥˡ

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ʮ ھ״

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һһɹâҫǿգҫǿգȫһâȻ˲ͬ顣
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׶ݣȻݻǺ֮һּµĵΣͨ˵޷Σһľ磬ĺۼǾ֣;ͬ飬ǻĵ
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Ȼͣ׶۾źǷˣԼĵѵûġ
ĵ׶ǳߵĴ裬ȻҪȴòЩжмˣ

ҡҡͷᶨϷаգԿԳѣֻǣ̫ﲻͨļԪ磬Ҳûãǲܶȹֻش٣ͷǿա
׶ǰ˳ϷҲõ˵ĿⲻǶ󣬶ǶԺ˵İصİǶһĿġ
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ɣϷ򿴿ν׻ʣܹ򼸷ϷĵǷ廹һ˿âһ٣컯ͻȻתŨתȻ

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׶ߺһ֮ı仯ȴսܣܱԪ
ϽɫһϽɫͻȻͣ޴Ӻǿգŭɣһɢ˾㤣׶վ֮ϣƺһ㣬·ڣ

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ŵϷʧˡ
΢΢Ĭ۾뿪ԭأд˳ϣܹѡ

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ˣƮȻȥΪĳ׼һѣǱıӦõ˹ؼʱ̣ʱܳѡ
׶΢΢ۣѹеȣѪӿղһѾʩչȫʵѾͬ״սУ׶֣׻֮˫
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һϣͬʱһļ˶κѣһѣԴϲǲܳѣʧȥϣ
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һǿҲǾ̾ǿ󣬲ǿŷ籩𣬲֪Ρ
Ƭ̣籩ȻûɢȥҲûгҪǣûܹӦеϢƺζţѾˡ
ģ峤䣬һᣡľվ̨£ɫ΢΢Ұףȴ˻䡣
УõĪˣλദ࣬
̨ϣ峤Ҳ΢΢Ͼ׶үүսҪ׶иôҲð죬תͷ׶ǲҪ籩Ƶ
׶ҡҡͷ΢Цû£үүû뵽һսȻ򡣡
峤һҡҡͷֻܸ̾żȴ֪Ǻá
쿴籩ɢˣ
һȥ籩ɢȥ¶еһصĲԫΨ˶գɫǹ䱳һ˿һ˿˿²ڵ֮֮
˾ȻڴսУԷԱķ籩иˡ

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ȻһţȻܹڴսδп֮ܳλеˣ׼һЦ̧֣һָָˡ
ʱһϺɫĵ߶ȥٶȼ죬޷赲
仯ϣδ͵Ϯˣƽ粻ֻ֮ͬ󣬱ǿϧƺѾһĻȻǿҲĶ֡
һָɱ׶磬Ҳѿǿߣʵ̫ˡ
΢΢һ̾ɳڸУδ˿ΣգʹҲ޷ܣδһ
Ѿϵ˫ԸһĻ˱Ͼ׼ҵţûԸ䣬һȴ׼еλߵ棬һ޶еĴڡ
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һͬըףһϽɫӰںɫ֮ǰһץǵߴһʧΣȥ׶
׼棬ȻգҪɱʵүүƾ׶з⣬һӴϢ˾Ҵһ¡

ϢȻϢԶԶͨ񣬱Ҳеһ˿ѹ֣ܿ⣬΢΢һЦ׻֮·һϷȻţҲ˺󡣡
Ц峤һɱ˱ɱˣôķϻ
ò΢΢𾪣ȴһЩ΢΢ףһĻ汻峤һѹ̫ˣʹԸҲǣûɱ峤Ѿˡ
ƥƾ㻹䣡峤ŭһڿУ֮ͬʵȴ̫࣬Ȳ׶Ȼ𾪣Ծһ
Щ걻ѹƵ̫ˣ峤ƴһû˿·
ϣ׻ʵȷ·ϷһԪҲЩСģ
һڿУϢһְ޷ܣɫ䣬ٺˣôһֱδ֣ʵֻǼס϶ѣϢо
װԣȻĲ֮
׶ڿУɰ𺳣Ӱ꣬峤ɫǴ䣬׶ǵ棬峤δ˿ʤ㡣
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Ϸչδ׻֮ǽ㵽ʲôʵѪӿһѪѹϢɢźԶȻѹƵĲòɫͨ졣
Ѫѹƣͬһ䣬ѪԽǾԽŨѹԽֻ׶δ˿ʡ
ѹһ׻ѪʱϢѹѪ֮ΪӴһЩΪţɫһ죬ڿѪǾ·˼һ㣬һֻĸо
ǡôܣȻѪѪƣһ˿Ѫ׶ɢѪϢ뾫ѪеϢЩƣ΢΢üѹڵ궯
ѵϽйأͷһ
ѪϢѹƣһչʾѣ˵ʵ޷ѪԵУ׶ջѪϢһץɫ߱ǹУвһ˿˿ɫռѷ֡
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еĳǹѣڼϲ࣬ȴ辶ͨɢ֮ܣһɾ޴֮֮ܡ
׶΢΢üʩչʱٶȿһֹϳǹ磬ֵֻܿǿ׶ٶȡ
аȻʢ֮ʵѸ׻֮ʵֻڹ·׶ţһȻǿʵ
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浲ס߱ǹͻȻһ٣гɢһŨ֮ȴ͸һ⣬׶΢΢𾪣иһ֮ƵĵλȻõ˺һЩС
ں֮
ȴһּ£ַںϣ׵ںϣ֮ףҲ֮ף֮ܡ
ʱһӴӿɢУ׶޷أֻӲƺһодܱ֮ɣǳһص֮ܣʵ
Ϸ꣬ںַ֮ƵȻһЦ治ϴ߶ѵɶǿߵǣ϶캱һЩԹ·ǳ
˵޿ܣɵ˼£ܹΪǿȳߵĴڡ
峤ɫһ䣬еλǷʵҲǳ˿ɱȣ׶ˣûĶ֣ǵ³֪
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ڶʮ 

ʣһ־ɱĥһǿߵǳʱ䱻ܣȻҲҪ䣬֮ɢȥʱʧȥһУȻ콾ҲҪС
׵֮ܣնһУַںϳһұȻԽ񾳽磡һ˿ǣĵҲǶصһָ򣬲Ѱ·רһ˲ͬ
𾪣ȴֻţΪȻ峤Ҳֻڵǣ޷֣źԶɸоһǿɣëȻⲻǼ򵥵񼶱ս
һ˿˿˿ߣΪ⣬׶֮ܣڵܾۡһǿ֮ܣ̰˱оһҪͻĸоԽߵľ硣
׶գһ˿⣬һһ˿˿ɢⲻǵȴ׶ҸĽԡ׹С֮󶯣⽣ݺֱն֮ߣϲɢܡ
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һǿֶΣ죬˶սƽȴΣޱȣÿһζԵ⡣
Ѫ츳Ȼǿ󣬲ȴκңһɫвҰףʧȥһЩѪӰ컹󣬲ȴȻ֣еͺȣгһصķ
ֻаƴС봫ͳͬûκε·෴ȴһģӰƺһģ

һģߺһϹâţƾȼһ޵Ļ棬ȴľջһСҽȴһŹâ¶һǿߣʵ壬ȴɢһֲȶϢ
׶ɫ΢΢ѿȰ벽ĿܣоȻдܵϢģͣ񾳽֮䣬ƺ⣬ûȫ񾳽硣
濴׶ɻ󣬵һܣҲ˵ǡ¶һ˿΢ЦŵϷջ̫ĶһܼԪıԭ񾳽磬ֻǾ˼Ԫĩںֻа벽ʵ
зһ˿⣬ʹֻľ磬Ҳɱκǿߣ㣬ҲҪɱ
ӡʱ΢΢𶯣âţ׶еǿϢЩľδսǿߣȴ֪һǿ󣬹·ϵ磬ݺ졣
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׶ѪսĿܣܲ˿أֻǿ󣬿սκǰߣдδа벽ľ磬û֪׶ȴǼˣľ硣
΢΢𶯣Щ죬ܵǿҵĴˣѪ𵴣ӲӲ֮׻֮ǿҲ޷ռ̫ơ
ܲδ˿ˣʩչͫɼڿǸһЩӡ߱ǹɵ˺ɫףٿôǿĿҲЩʶĶ࣬һҪʱնɱ׶ȻȺ
һ˿𣚣ͻȻŭһһİľϢϢУʱܵѹţƺҪһޣ׶һܹоǶԷʩչһʱڽ񾳽硣
һ񾳽磬׶ǵ֣֮䣬಻ɼ

Ӱһһ׶ڿԣһĻĲľٶȴﵽ˼·ΣԭصĺȻǲӰѣ׶Ѿڿԣ߱ǹһƾɱݺݴȥ
һǹں׶ľ߱ǹĲϣĴУʹܷϵܣҲɽϡ
ٺ٣ĵһ˿Ծһâ߱ǹ֮ǰһģһ߻ӵ磬ʱȴ׶һǹУ赲֮
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һһϢȴɣһھѪɫҰѪȴһĶӣһףʱܵϢ죬˸е޷ԿĿ־塣
ϢڵϣϢܲȶȴ¶һ˿΢Цڽˡ
콾ھԵĲǰҲҪޣƺʤһĻ׶նɱʱ龰ǿ⡣
׶ִһ˿أǿϢƽ񾳽磬ȻϢˣ˾죬ͬʱǿѹ׶һϢǵһ񾳽ǿߣСģܻٴΣصΣյһΡ
һضȥȥᳬ֮׶ȴһ˿˼ķ

ڶʮ 

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׶ڿоҲײһĻĲƤҴǳԽͨ˿ķ룬Ǵ˵вŻڵսǸδ
ο׶֮ȴսǴδй
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һܣ񾳽磬֮»̫࣬δ񾳽ĸе塣һδײ׶ȴʧиһ˿Ϣֻӵ񾳽ǿ
һ磬Ҳһ̱ﵽĶ壬ںϣõصϿɣıǳѴ
ֻǣǰĿܲͽѡ
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׶ԣٴҫâϽɫȨȳ֣ɢһ˾ɵϢһѪ۶ѣȴӵпߵסϽɫȨȣᶶһϽɫҫ
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սܵãת˾ֱԴսʩչ󣬴ʱ׶ɢϢ
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׶ٶȷɿ죬ԣ߱ǹһ˿ɱһսǼѣǿϣԶԶԽ۷֮ипı׶ʧˡ
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΢΢Ӧ׶ܹ쵽ڵѪ쳣ľΧֱǲ˼ġ
ѪԣԽԽϡʹзļ󣬶Ȼᳬѵһһּޣֻǰ񳬹޽硣
ȻϽйأϽսһһأ׶һ
սһ壬ǿĴһͨϵȴӵгѾʵһɽԪ磬䱳ļ嵽׶ôֲ֪
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΢΢һҶԣܿһʱôΨ˼·һȴͬҡҡͷͬ˲ܾͬˣ
׶һۣûжԡ
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Ķǿգǳ֮ȴϡ˺ܶ࣬йأǴ֮ӣǰȻŴϢ赲ĸӦ
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дһֱ֮ɧУ峤һսһ׶նɱ棬Ժգ׼Ҳ췭ظı仯
峤һƿ׼ҡ
λȫͶЧ峤ԣʶ׶ʵǹɿħѹǲ˿֮ģ鸽峤
Ҳ׷׹鸽û˿ԥˣ׼ֻһλȨߣ峤ףĻλ׻ʡ
һս׶˲ĥӡǡ
׻ʻδ
һСԺ峤ǵǰֻȻδ׶ڱչأδ˽峤棬ȥ
Ҫգһζս˲ᣡҡҡͷ׶ս峤֪
ǿߣħԪļ֮һΣտ֪
峤ͷȵ׻ʳʱұɣ
˵ͷ
峤ŵϵ׷ϸ׼йǰ̫ˣѾָһҫԭķͻӱԭһҲԺһˣǰӾ͡
˵İܵѾ׼ңʵϣôǶ׼ҵļ£һҫ빦ͣͱˡ
׶նɱ棬峤һָҫȻΪ˹عͳΪ˵ϵˣ˵İеĸ߲㣬Ϊ֮һλܸߡ
˵ͷҲһĲֵܵδࡣ
º׶أָ۷״̬һ˿⣬սֶǿ׶һЩջһƿвͻơ
ʱȥһµıԴˣ׶׼뿪磬ҪΪͻ׼
һڵ
׶峤̸һ̹ԼҪ뿪磬ϣһ˵Ĳ׶ȻҪúһ峤ͷȻ᲻Ӧʣ±ľΪӵܡ
׶峤õѪ뿪峤
ڣ׶²󷨣еСƿһƽϽɫѪҺ׻ѪƣȴֲͬϽսѪơ
׶óλʹ࣬ɫ෢΢΢ֻǷǳ΢Ѫ໥ںϡ
սһѪ޷ָҡҡͷ׶Щʧ
ָսѪͻƣܹĥ׻øǿֻȻܡ
ѪѪ
žӨ͸ľѪ׶΢΢ɣ䵹ϽɫѪڿУɢһصĲͻȻһ׶üУ仯̫ͻȻ׶û˿谭ֻš

ڶʮ 

ѪɢһصĹâȴһ˾ϣһԣеϢ׶оˬһЩӲлָļ
ߵһָǿ֮·ǿʵѾǲɱģչۣＫʱЩ֣ߵһѣȹ
ȻЧ
׶΢΢˱¶һ㣬ȫˬϢоݣȴһ˿˿𶯣׻ѪӭϣƺѪйء
ϽɫѪ׻Ѫ֮սһѪҲ֮һϢ֤ϽѪ׶ЩɻȴףϽһ漰Ͻ顣
ָ㣬ѪҺ֮ϣʱʱ·һ
ǣ
׶оȣȴδиһΣܹоһصϢӶƺѰʲôʱ˷ܵӿڣ׻ѪУ׶ʱоһȡ
׻Ѫʼҵķڡ
ͬʱһ˿˿׶ʵѪЩӲ˻ָͬʱǿ壬׶ת׻壬ӭϢʼָܹоƿƺҪơ
ֻǣȻܴƿľ绹񣬲δ׵ϰ
׶ûǿгⲻ磬𺦵
ǡ
Ƭ̺׶ȴӦһصĸо޷ѪȻ뵽׻ѪУںϣûκεĸң·һѪǲܵģϾѪ
Ѫв׻Ѫ棬οںأ
ѵ籾һ㡭µ׻Ѫ˵׼ң˵ʡ
׶ЩǣΪԼ𺳣ԼҲԸţϾ̫ˡ
ͻȻϢһң׶Ӧ˵ʶ㱻룬ʧȥ˸оٴγʱȴһ֮ء
񶥷ľҲ赲ɣ׶һȴףӦλǿǲѪһ㣬һЩӡǣѺˡ
ɫأƣϵڱڣ׶һֻ˵еޣų׵Ļޣ޴ޱڣ׺·ϵĻһ㡣
Զŵ伮мأഫϽѪֻǱûʷУû
ɫнɫʱҫԵø룬׶üоһ˿Ϥƺںϣȴδҵںϵĵ㣬ңƬСĻңбļ
ˣ
һԲϵƴ͸Ŵ׶ʱһ𣬲Զ֪ʱһʵӰԻ˵ݾȻ׶˵һ£ΨһЩϸ΢֮Щ졣
ˣѾ׶ˡ
УĿǰףǰλǿߣ׶ͬݣ𺳣ȴһ˿ɬ
ʣĳλֱʶѣֻһ߷ѡ
õģֻһѣ뱾նȥϵʹǵ˵ˣ
ǿߵ
δ׶˿ʱ䣬ǵķҽΪ㽲еܣѡȫƾԼ˻ľ΢΢һ٣׶һ۵ϣܹȷѡ񣡡
׶һ裬˵Ļһжӡڽա
ԣһѡʧܣʧȥһУ׶⣬ˣЩԣһҪԾѪԱĿ飬Σ֪ƺʧˡ
񣬱Ƚأ֪ʧ
׶һۣûйԥûзʵһȴ̫ǿ׶ϸһѹѹԶԶԽѾϣһλǿߡ
˵һۣŵǶǱһƷѣЩͬƣԳϵ
ʱ˵Ҫ̸Ͻ磬ʲôҲ֪вδ˿ϢȴԸһ㣬ǿʧܣ
׶һ裬˽ŵ
ʧˣ⣬ձȻʧܣȻԻȥһη
׶ףǶľ棬׶δ˵ȥ
ҲЩͬʧܣҲǳɹϺܹŹ֣ԪйأΪͬڷ
ЩΣıϽҲһͷΪһȻдʵֻȴڱľ棬Ϊƾ뿪Ȼٴη
ɣܴУǷܹɹ˸ߺһ
ʱ׶ֻһ޷صӿ޷ֺ׻Ҳ޷ʹãֻԭأˡ
ʱһԲεƷɢһɹâ׶֣޷ֿ
ʲô顭׶һѾֿȥ׼飬Ͻ֮£޷ȥʵ̫ңԶˡ
ӦһľڱϽ粼ãֻǾеһӶѡ
鿪ʼѡ񣬶ˣ
׶һۣ쳹׶ԣٿ׶ֱһʧȥһиӦ˱âɣûԲУʧ
ȴԲ̣΢΢˼
ǵ֪Ƿһ쵽ʱ̣ļƻҪʼ֪Ρ
һ˿ҵʹҲҪˡع鱾ʧؼ䡭ӵҵǡ飬йľϧҡ
һ̾ϢصƬϽɫ硭

ڶʮ ˮ

׶ԺʱѾһطǰݣֻһƫ֮жѣһ棬Ǳˡ
һƾɵ£Ƽݣ׶۲£ԼѾΪһ߰һ㣬ɣ¹һɢȥ
ǡѵǿ
׶΢΢ɻ
Լƺһ磬ڲͬ뵽ԣ׶оӦһþڵһĻ˵ĳ˵ļ䣬һлеһݡ
㣬׶û˿İ
ܲӪڻаˣ׶ϣȻʹ÷ʶȴܹʩչһУܹке뷨ֻǣȴ׶ǿ͡
֨
ưܵű򿪣һλѩŮӣһɫ峤ȹƮƮӣѩвܴڵɹãȻ׶ٵŮӣһȻˡ
Ĳʳ˼̻
Ůü׶̾СܣͲҪǴˣȻûӹŮߵǰ׶Уװ׵ḧ׶ͷ׶ܹиһů
һСкˡ
㣡׶Գ׶룬Դڵļ䡣
׶һᣬ۽Щʪ󣬶˱ŮӱڻУжʱøⰲݣ·һƽһжʧȥˣΨůĻԸſ·ֻ
ˡСˣԺҪΪһˣҪΪصǿߣŮӱ׶
׶ͷһݰ·صգص˵ʱһĵʱ򣬷·յӰе̨ʡһ졭һɫƲʡ߶ߡ
׶۾磬Ȼһ˿ۣŮΪã̾һСܣΪսҵжһвɼһѵϣܹףԺΪصǿߡ
׶˯ˣͬһһ㣬ǣң˼˯ҹѹһѤķӣ߳ΪУ׶ͷһ˫ʼ֣ʼոԡ
ػ
Сܣˣ¶һ˿΢Цˮȴŵζ׶бԼҲԼеꡣ
һ
һ׶ף
Ͻ磬νʥأϽеһԱҪݱϽսһĺӵܣǵ峤Сӡ
ˡֻǼѡλսһӵܵļ䡭Ӧñλ𡭡һжļ䣬Ҫʲôأ
У׶ܣ︻ûʣȴһİĸоѡ񡭡ԣҪѡ񣬵ʲôѡء
ҵѡ񡭡
ѡ񡭡
һֱ׶ǻʼ޷õ𰸡
Ͻһбģ׶˳Ծսһĵӣ峤СӣǧҫһʵȴͬһĶӣòеϿɣ֣һֱδдס
ζţԶõеϿɣ޷սһļ̳ʼѪϴ
ֻҪѩһб㹻ˡ
׶л㱣һ˿еۣеļ䣬׶ϣõ˺ܶ࣬ȴӰʱ޷ֱ𵽵ԼˣȫУĸҡ
壬ֻһͷΪǿңǶλ˼һưĽ
սѩսһĵϵ֮һŮֻսһŮŮӲأѩȻʾˣҲ޷õսһĴʹˣսѩȻųѾʵ
Ͻ磬׶Цһһӵ˶гѾʵ磬ȴ½׷Ѱı˰
ʱţڷɿɳյõ峤׿ϣʥأ̳Ѫϴ񣬶õеϵ˷ѧϰĹս䡷
սһ徭ò˥ܣѪбӡʶУ޷У޷ƣӵѪıȥ
ֻǣ׶ȴ֣νսҲܹۿû˿谭һš
ս䣬սһĹഫսһʼλʼأƺƬشйϵ׶֪أսһҲ֪Ҳмء
ʾˣȻ
ʼչ˾˵츳ɿϽ½粻ͬԾѹƲأʥأ岻̶̰ͣɾ֮½缸ǲܵ
ֻǡ
ٶڼʷܹŽλˡλ峤һۣ뿪ˡ
ʼգλ峤ûо˿׵Ȩƺһֻһ㡣
񾳽磬Сɣ棬ɵõԼ֣ǰǲ׼ֵġ
ӴԺ󡭡ս죡
׶кȻǴѪ𾪣ȴһǿͨѪݶϢΪζţõеϿɣõһЩ˵Ĺע
ӵ˳Ϊսһӵʸ񣬶֣Ҳдס
СܣȻţͽһ
սѩƫƫȴ֪սϣ˱ŮԸοһС
㣡
սһ˿ȵİĽ꣬ѾǵǸͯ࣬һ˿Уڶ˶
ҵĺþƣףڵõеϿɣһ
սѩһɫƿӣս˻Ρ

ʮ 

ӡ
Ǻþƣˣ׶ӹеľƿһƷеζˣ˻С
սϣһ£Զ㱧ڻУ룬һִκҲܸı䣬ڳɹˡ

ô긽ս֮ϣһߣ壬׶ܲжȴܸе뷨ĪڶλϲĽľһַľ硣
С¶Ψн㣬ĸװϣֳػһ˱磬׶һ̾սֻһ¶ѣϽɳȴ²֪еƸѾ˿
˼ᣬģ׷źʱա
һҹսˣ׶ˣҲˣͬʱˣȴвͬɡ
սѩһξӨᣬзһţмսŮһλǿߵĺĸһս䣬Ҳսϥ¡
ҹ£⾲ףͬҹ˶ˣӵвͬɣֻԭˡ
սٳɳʾ˫νаСʱƼݣ˼Ӱʸ񣬶ȴеĴĵرָչ־˵Ǳٶȣ˾
꣬񶥷ͻƵ񶥷壬ֻ벽ͻƵѾ硣
ѾǴ˵ķ׸߼ٽֻ֣н磬еٸ߷ʸϽ磬Ѿһżͬһ㣬磬һЩʸλ
ֻǣٶϽҲǿֲս֮кЩ֣ݳԽڶС󼸸곤ĵϵ˶ѡ
һЩԪҲһ
ս첢ϲҲûнһˣΨнı仯УȴΪ
ս뿪սһ壬ʼ
սһ岻ȱٵ֮һÿ˶ҪУ½ţĥûеıӣΨԼǵپһˣǳٿຣ꼻һ֣ȫƾԼ
սһ棬˱أҲսһǧϽ۷ԭ֮һ
ңò˰꣬ұʱ뿪սһ塣սսѩѾ֪ԷݣǱףֻͬ壬ӿһ˼ͷҪսѩȢػֱԶ
ҵ㣡
սѩ۵ȴþӨвᣬȴסԣ֪ʱѾһ˿ݣ
ʱǵٸ߷壬ɣȥҶţԶǡսסսѩ֣ᶨûǿʵ޷㲻⡣
ҵ㡭
뿪սһ壬սһ·սͣЪսսİ취ɱ飬ĮȻΪɱһǹǿһ·򵽳Ѿһء
׶һ·ţ̫࣬Ǿͬʱսһ幦ʶţŸʶҲһּޣһƿǿԴƣ볬Ѿ磬ʶĳѾ硣
ʱѣʶΪ׵Ķࡣ
Ȼսĵʣͻ˳Ѿ磬磬ͬʱ׶ʶҲͻƼޣٳѾʱо·һƬأԭصϽ磬ƺ¶صݡ
Ԫǳ仯ӿܸӦֵϢգֻܹ
飡
飬ųϽأľͷഫܣǿԲ͸Ĳࡣ
ս첢δͣ½Ųһ·⣬𾪣һλ֮㣬ȴϢһ㣬ԽսʹսһҲǵ˽ܡ
׷ɳԺǰҪսն䣬Ǹ󱲵Ľ棬Ǵڱײ
ս֣ǿ
ûʧսս֮ӣն̫ǿߣһŭԳֻɱ˿˼սһ壬ֻǰ룬δ˿˺ۣ˺޵
һ·ǰУսĥ߷սһѪֱһ죬սĽŲͣ
Ȼ
׶һ̾ѩͬݣ˭յŮѣһ̹ĵľǧֻأѪսɱ׶¶һ˿ӣ
սһμأ𶯣˴սҲ֮ˣʵս죬˲ʤսʤˣսѪԽսԽǿԼǱսĥ¼ⲻЦ
΢壬¶һ˿ģӮѪսʤңЩģû뿪սһͬ·ʱսĥҲҪսʤԷӮúеֻһֱδɹ
׶սڣŮһкƺһ˿ڸգӰӰ´£׶ӣ΢΢һ̾һĻио֪Ͻʱ˲²⣬档
ѡ񡭡ѵıѡ񡭡룬Ѿ֪ˡ
ѡսѩ֮ѡȴһ⣬ӣɣһСӰ룬Ϊ֤һ˴飬ս·ս顣ֻѡһսѡ
ֻǡѡ𣿡
׶һʣˣѡһӦ⣬ȴ޷סս졣׶һȴļ䣬Ҫ֪׻ֺ飬ǷԼһ㣬ѡ
ʱţת۰ʮ꣬սһ·սٲٹ·ڴһ̾ɽ˲ųͽ԰ˡһЩȴڰڣΪûɱֽɱ˽֮
أתࡣ
һ·٣սѾͻؾ磬ԽһЩһǿߣһ磬Ҳһţǵ

ʮһ ľ

֮ͨ·ת࣬Ĳȴھת֮Ͻ紫ţǿͻƾأܳɾʹ֮
һޣΨн֮ʸٸߵʸ񣬶ʸ飬ഫгɾͲ֮ܣʸǴ㣬ǵֻ֮磬ʸ̽Ѱ֮ܡ
ʱصˣ
پս૵иһӰսѩһ˶µȴʮ꣬ϣɣ˭֪ս΢΢ʪ
Ҫصڶԣʱսһ飬ʮ겻ֿһ·ս
زҽڴ۷壬֪ʱܹ𾳽硣
ţҪȥ˵ңսǰЩᣬ֮һصĸ飬ư飬飬飬Ǹӡ
΢΢Ĭ¶һ˿źЩܲܲȥ
ŵǿԼ̽磬طȥǿԽ飬йز֮ܣ̽һӣ
أ˼սȴźҡҡͷᶨ˵ңлᣬһȥ㣡
뿪߷壬սûлͷһڴߴԼҪѩڵܾá
һ¶Ӱվڸ߷壬ȥս죬ɫף֪
УһѪɫӰ䣬¶ɱңս죬ȭͷգ޲ȥͽն䡣

սѡһĻ׶벻ͬԭΪսѩ֮ѵѡ񣬴ӶԥҲǼеѡֻ鲢ˣսжѩִ̫ˡ
ԭһĻֲػˡǧ٣ֻеźѣԼģδġ
΢΢һ̾׶һĻ֪ʼĩеĽҿأʯطĺޣѾɢȥˡ
һжִȻǧٴֻأȻǡ
صУսڶϵľӵǵһ֮ˣ֮ڴҲһǿԳΪϣλ磬ϾѾӵȥ̽Ѱ֮ܵʸ
ңԵӦԽͨ˵ĽޣҲԾľ硣
شϢսعһ·ս˴峤УһλԪЦǺǵһ˿⣬ƺн˵˼
Ųаһ鿪ʱ䣬д֣սһ˵ܹٴεõһ鵺졣
峤˴Ҳһò˼֮ƴѾǿ߷תƵһ棬Դԣջ
ҲãսعףսһаȢصĹ˵Խصܵء
峤΢΢ԥһܵأҲΪĶΨдغĳԱʸС
Ȣع˵ʸ档
ԪϺȻ뵽ʲô峤дţƺսѩ˴˰Ľһ˳ɳܲе
ߣ峤һһ֣ŭӣҲͣҵĻ
Ԫ峤һۣ뿪ȴǸ̲ѣ겻ҪĶӣ֮ȴȲҪĸףҲܣΪԪϣܺǳ峤
صУսδսѩõе
˵ʲô
սŭɹȥһӴѹѹԪϣԪһоһŨɱǰɱ˲գۣ⣬ɱæ͵峤µǸ
΢΢ԥսϢֲ֮鿪ʼʱ䣬һθһЩ죬ϱܶ࣬սһ֣Ӧûõĵ졣
սһۣԪɫδ䣬ܶԷΪʲô˵Щս첢ûȻȥսֻԼģҲãҲգԼȥ
գת뿪
Ԫ΢΢һЦδǰ峤ǽӵĴӣսĴ磬Ҳһ峤ߵһˡ
ҴһصԼסϤӰսͻȻƽһݰֻһܹ˵ĸо
ѩ
ĽȻһѩعͷӲ˵սĻʮ꣬˰ʮꡣ
˽һһ̣·ʮʱ⾡ɢصգŮǽ
Žһˣ׶Ϸ̾Ϣһ֪ѡʱˣξҪһ
ʱǰһԭ磬ɫǰһӰսսʶݣ׶Щ㱣ͬΪһˣֻǸԵķѣ֪սʲôΪλ˱仯
ѡʲô׶Լѹȣ˵㵽
ϣϣ㲻ҪѡǰˣȻȴͬĻᣡ
׶΢΢ĬԼҲԤϹӦѡߣԿսһ壬ѡսѩǽˣﲻ˺󣬲ѡ񳼷ڼϡ
ֻǣ׶ͬ
һ׶ǸǧԵڵӵˣսѩظһЩѡ׶̶ܴϻѡء
Ķսѩһһ۰
˵ɣѡϣ㲻Ҫʧ¶һ˿⣬ʶʱ䣬ɫҲɫңң׹ͬʱһӴѹѹ׶ĽȻһ֮ʶȻһ˿ʹࡣ

ʮ 

ڵʱ̣ѡһûнĴ𰸡
׶Բ²⵽ѡ񣬲ߴˣʧߣȴΪɻ򣬵һѡ˭֪Ƿȷģ಻˵ֽһȷġ
ܱ޷ѡ
һۣĽȻǰһʱУϵ񣬳ѾǿҲҪޣο׶һ񾳽Ϊ
һ˿ɬ׶ʻѡ
һ̾һûнѡѡأսѩҪʧȥһ·ǰִţʧⲻһǿΪ
ţ֪УѾѡ̫˽⡣һҲִڣǹ°еִκζҡ˷أѡսѩ
׶սѩһִڣ÷С޲£˱ģҲһֱܶڣѡսѩ֮Уȴìܣͬʱ󶥼⼸Ժ·
ͨܣȴڼ֮Уѡսѩʧȥͨʸ񡣡
׶Ҫһ㣬һ׷֮޵ǿ߶ԣʧȥʸ񣬱ʧȥ˽׵ʸʹࡣ
飬Уֻѡһ
΢΢Ĭͳ˶꣬ȻûһȷĴ𰸣ѡ񡭡ǱҲûд𰸡Ȼˡ
׶üͷƺ֪ʲôδ˵ܽ׶ֻ֪սһּ䣬ⲿǡǡһвҪġ
˵ɣѡ񣡡
Ƭ̧̣ͷЩ˻ƣ׶΢Լδһ׶ż֡
׶̧ͷûԥ׼˵
ǡڴʱһɫ׹ͻȻҫɫ죬룬һ˿⣬ȴδֹϹڿУ׶ȥһӡȴ͸һɰ
âһһӰǶʦס
ܣת׶ڵһ죬ѡʧˣԷ꣬׽½磬ӹᣬˣ׶֪㵽Ǻѡ񣿡
׶𾪣ʦѾ䣬䴫м٣׹ӡҲǳӡΪ˽գ׶ȹһأ֪࣬
׶ҡҡͷҺѡͬҲ˵ͬ
ѡûд𰸣ֻ·ѣÿһǳѡĥѣǵĵѣֻԼȥѡ񣡡
ѡأǵõһͨ飬ͨ߾̹;ֻʧȥִδ·ߣУĥѺۣһӼٸ߾硣ѡսѩ˱ģȴ谭£ˣҲǶδ·
·ߡ
ʦȴ΢Ц˵Ҳԣδ˭Ҳ̧֪ͷתݣ翴ҵľΣ㲻ףǷɲף
ҡҡͷ·һֱֻ֪Ѱһõ··̹;Ȼ𲻻ˣõ˼䣬ӦױĴԵҲΪ·ߡ
ѡȴʧȥһЩϽƺΣ˲Ż½粼һк壬ҲֻԼ֪
ҡҡͷʦ¶һ˿Ի󣬡һ֮һҸϵ꣬Ȼһģ͸͸
˳Ĭʦֵһץ𶯡
δֹ𶯣ͻȻɫгһ˿϶ϤһĻǰǸ߷壬ս챧սѩһ̵ţǡ
սѩһ˿ɣҧҧѾΪع˻ԼսĻסС죬ȫȻϣҵģ㻹𣿡
ǡϵԺ·Уû飬޷ٸߵľ磡ѩ
սһˣ֪Ҫһ𾳽ǿ߶ԣʧȥ飬δ·ߣǿҪдƬԵ𾳽ǿ߶Īá
ҡҡͷս첻мپ죬Լƴⷽұʿ·
ƬҲãҲգվأһһҪյյĹյĻԵδյĻ٣
սѩҡҡͷЩֻһѾʿѣȴսģΪһУſսĺϣһɴսϴϢиİһĨҸ
սѡǶʦֵѡ˺󣬲мڴֻսѩҲδ˱ĵִš
׶΢΢Ĭ˼Լ·ǷȷʦѡǷǴȥȴɫ죬ʦֲδ˿⣬ѾֻӡȻԼˡ
ûжԴԣֻмᶨʹҲҪᶨֵĵĺá
ִŵǷȷ֮磬Ҫȥˣҡͷһ˿
һתսѡŭϣսһŭɳǿ׷ɱ𾳽ĸָ˲°ڵֶԣӵкܶࡣ
ɱɱһѪ·սǼᶨźɫǹԡѪ̤ʬǰ
սѩˮĺ棬ûз·ֻԼȥ
նǿߣɱޣǰѪսϣսһ·ɱȥѪսס
ֻǣɲУֻǵ𾳽ѣϻи߾һǿߣս챻ܣսѩˣС
һͣ˳ĬⷬԤУҲԤ֮⡣

ʮ 

ʦѡ˱Լ·ηһеĿѣǰɱֱģϵͷ
׶΢΢Ĭ֪Ƕʦֵ·ȴβңսѩܵһ˯УܵҴˣûĵرⱲѲˣ̫ҡ
ĵرҪרƣҩΨвУ鱻С
׶ȻصһĻսŭȲ죬µսѩһ̵˹¶˰׷δ˥ѪգһξԼ·ˣĺףǼֻΪսѩ
ҵһУѩ˾ءһ˴ᣬ紵ĽȻһ
浽˳ɢȥ˳ĬһĻ̫𺳣ȻΣȻоʹ
ĳ̶ֳȶԣǶս죬ֻǷѣͬһˣһĻǴ̫ˣִѣǵ֮ˣ޷ָһӶ粽ǰʧȥ˳ϣ
Ժ֪
΢΢ĬʦͬĬ֪Ժ󣬵ԷǷӦ֪һС
ҡҡͷִ̫̾ˣһδҼժԺΣҲ֪һ¿࣬ԵУѪգ¶ϡ
ǱһϽһרУԶһ弫һ·ഫǵ˾ͷһУӶѱ˰ٲࡣ
תͷˣҲҪһ𰸣ҵʹҲǵʹһк֣ΪѰһ·
׶̧ͷʦȴֹԶ࿼һᣬϵشǴˣҲ޷㡣
ֶιĪ⣬ֻ³ӡѶѣ޷ⳡѡҲֻһͣξҪȡ׶
׶ͷⷬѡʵҲѣ·ûһ̹;ȣ·Ľһ
ûᡣ
׶ŵѡأѺۣԲȻ޷پ죬ҪսѩѻµͷҲֽֽҪҡ
˳ĬǶ֪е飬սѩսǱ»أˣҩɾȣʧȥһϣʱҷգʱʧȥһоԮᡣ
׶̧ͷͻȻʣһʣ
֮Ƿв࣬в࣬ǷҪܵٲ֮·
һ̰׶ĻĻصأʲ࣬˿ɴŽδĵٲ࣬ⲻ֮ҲһҥϽʼ֮Уαδܹж
ǿ࣬ǿ鲻࣬·ԼߣǽضУǺΣ
׶Ļƻص
׳Ĭ¶һ˿˼һѡ񣬲δֱһΣԴжǷࡣ
ҲĬĽȻ¶һ˿תϷ𶯣ɫѣһɸΪӴϢӿϢ쳣ϤϽսϢ
Ȼ˱¶֮ɫ
ʣǱĹע׶ĵһʣ辶ȴñеͷδֶΣһϢ
׶΢΢ŵڶʣǷе
׶Ļգʱ׺ͷ쳣𾪣һʱȸղŸɵĴڣڤڤڣףκҪնҪ벻಻ͬʵڵġ
׶ŵΣΣˣǵõ򲻵һգУΨһ
䣡
ͻȻϷף޴ϢѹȶԣɫУͻȻ۳һ˫ûκеӣ׶¶һ˿˼Ϣѹ£׶ȴǸо·ҪѰ㣬Ī
սĹһ˫ӵѹȣ˱һָо·ԷֻҪһۣԽͳͳɱ
ʣĵǺΣ
䣬ڷײ˼Уս쾹Ȼڣƣһ˻ƣ׶δԾ¶⣬ǰһΪΡҪս죡
ս졭
ףһУΨдصأһɲǼ䣬˫¶һ˿ɺ֮ɫ
ԱҲ𾪣ʣһһʾ񣬷ʵǵʵǲ࣬ʵǼ
ΪҪս죿
૵Ϸֲϵ¡ɼԷеĲƽ·ѡսֲһ·ֻδҵķĴ𰸣ִֻС
׶δˣŵνѡ񣬲ΪԼҵĽڶѣѡһãᶨģ㲻뿴ģһ·
ʦֽŵνȷ𰸣޷ѡأȻսѩƽȥԼֻȻǴ·˵ķʽѡ
κ˶˽սѩʧȥֿȥ⣡
׶ףصأֱս죬û˿ΪѡıʣǶԷƭѡ
ʣʲô˼
΢΢ĬսϣδŭԵʺǹģƺʲô
ҪԼˣΪҪս죬սΪҪ죬д֣Ҫѡ׶¶һ˿΢Ц
ѡǴΨмս죬һ˿ϣʣͬʵĻԼҵһ𰸡
Ĭ׶˼ȴЩ֣֪ϷıΡ侲Ƭ̣صѹɢȥָƽʧ
ͬʱɢȥһ˿ʣȴҡҡͷ
ͬʱսǴ˹
Ͻ㣡

ʮ ׻ͻ

ʣս챾ɻидջûڼ׷׶Ĵ𰸣ԭµĺҲᣬƺڿ׶δûпԼ˼
簲ɫʱɢȥˣָԭĿռ䣬׶׳ڷڣ˱˴һۣ⡣
˴ΣҪлˡ׶Щӵ¶һ˿ᣬʦΪ˽죬Ĵ۱ѣ۲ν
ҡҡͷʦȴ¶һ˿ЦݣҺηֱ˴ˣŵ񣬱Ϊ˽죬û뵽㾹ȻܹԼȻȹñ𲻵òԭļƻҵϡ
ʦ΢΢һ̾Ա֪һЩоηһλͬħľϽ磬Ҳʮصǿߣһ޵С
ˣɱסɼ׶򵥡
ҡҡͷ׶ȴϣ֮ȥӦ뷨˸ļƻᱻʱסˣܹȥΨ׶оһᶨĵĺܼᶨνѡ񣬽һڣʿóûкڹҲûνĽ֮⡣
΢΢ԥ׶ŵʲ²⣬ǷڼһЩ֪ġ
Ȼֹ˫Ĭ˼ʦ΢΢˼һ̾ЩįԹ԰ˣЩйأԺֻܿԼˣҲܰˡ
ѾҺܶˡ΢΢Ĭ׶
Ӵдӣʦϸ˵һ߷׶ĳǡǡΪʦѡĽԣߴĳ̶ֳȶһ־֣ɴӿʼλʦֱ̹һλֳ
Ӱãâһ˿ӡޣȴɼѺۣѵס
׶иӣǶʦ֮ŬֻأӦб飬ת޵ĻᣬȴԼˡ
һ䣬СļԪ硣һƬأо£ƺ뵽ʲôԪ̹һ壬Ӧ֪һǿ󣬲ҶĹ۲죬ƺĳֶΣı󡣡
һйأ㲻Ҫź̫ˣδһ˿ԿʦȻԺǼɵһ˿η棬ЩĦǺڳѣӦа˳ɵİգȴʼѹƣҪȵԪʱ̲Żѡ
紫ԣΪˣڼԪʱǳѵĻõˣ˼ӳ֣ɽߵľ硣ʦҡҡͷ¶һ˿ɣȻɣ룬Ƿ֪ʲôҪų֮ߵĿꡣ
ϽУһҥҪɾͲ࣬ϵڳѾһ֮ͨﲻʸ񡣡
꣬²Ȼ˵Щţ׶ҲͷȽ϶ּ࣬ƺʲô׼Ҳ֪սᵽһֲ²⣬ܵ档
ͻȻһ˿ƯʦüͷӰ࣬еһ˿䣬ԳһЦ޵꣬δʧȥ˴󲿷ֵһɢȥ˵ĸо
һʱ䣬Ҫ׻塣ĿڲԶɢĹľѪ֮ϣⲻѪս챾ľѪ䣬һޱ
׶΢΢ͷ֪ս챾Ѫ׻壬൱ϵڼбͻԭľ磬˳Ѿ磬Ƕ켺Ժʱࡣ
һ˿صâʦֲδ
йâͻȻһȼѵķ϶һЩʦֵͺһһָھѪϣɲǼ䣬Ѫ׶ڣ׶δֹ⾫Ѫ谭ûϡ
ʱ׶ںƷˮһ㣬ޱȣ׻ѪѪͬʱ𶯣ս쾫ѪɲǣڿʼڣѪʣһɹţ״ʹ׶ͷ󺹡
һ˿˿ɫʴɳͬʱζǴ̱ǣһ˿˿صɢЩʣ׻壬Ѫ֮£ڱþߵľ硣
׶ƺһֳ죬ϳߵľ磬׻Ѿ۷壬һҪľ磬ƻᣬҪ񾳽磬Ȼ
ϧԴ֮ﱻҷӡ½磬еĻӦÿ뾳ͬʱȳɫҲã񾳽䣬ǵע⡣ʦɫࡣ
ɢȥʱУкɫԽԽ࣬Ʒӵҡҡ׹ʱҪɢһ㣬ӰڱãʱҪɢȥѣɢؼ䣬ûĻᡣ
ɱе׶¶һ˿Цݣϣܹɹûɵ飬Ҫɡ
ž
ĭѰ㣬һ춯ʦֵӰɢȥֻͣڿռУһâд
׶׻Уϳս쾫ѪѪ֮ǴδѪϽ磬ȴںһѪΪһֵ͵ĵλս쾫Ѫ׻Ѫͬȴ룬ǹ졣
׶ȴڳ
ܾ޴ʹ࣬ϳһδΣжһ˿˿ϽɫѪҺѪҺҪڣþһʼ
꣡
һ˿׶һϲڴʹ࣬ϣһصϢɢϢΪͬʱ׶оҲòͬˡ
䣡
һ춯׶ɢһصĹԣϢȴȫ׶ԸоͶ䶼ĪƺԴƿռ䣬һУһ޵еĸо
ͬʱڽƹâɢȥˣǻɻʧ׶һĨˣһУͷǸλù

ʮ ص½

Ԫ紦ʱ̣ǵͷƵƵ˶оһַĽţһЩǿʼ׼Ҫʱ̷һ
·Ͻң½ޱȻҡ
춯ضҪѵΣ½ǴһֲУʱ½糹ѣȫǳ֮£֪ж䣬½δ
λǿ½ޱȶ
һ΢ٴγһƬɽУģգȴ׶뿪Ͻ磬ص½
յɽڵأԶǾ޴ɽǣ׶⺣ʱȹ١
յһȫԺУΪ˹еһ׷ѡһ̾׶ҰĿ䣬ƺҪ½һ㣬૵Ĵ½ĺ۶ɶѡ
գд½ܣʱһ֮ͨܣ֪ٿ׻֮£ڴ½ײٽһտѨһƵɫڳ˯½֮ɡ
½صĲֻĺѣѪı仯ʹ˼£Ȼ޷߶Ѫе֮ĳ̶ֳȶԣһѾ㲻ĺᡣ
Щ׶жͨˣû⣬·緲һ㣬ڴ½ϣΧ֣һ
أλ˴˾ѣҪ׷ıλӦǶʦˣǵʦǱӦǡǸɫӣ׶˼
ͨ෽̽Ե֮ĿΪеһ࣬λ˴˾ѣ֣ҪıᳬѻԵ
նʦԣ͵ʧоյļ䣬ôӦϣˣܳѣ䲻У֪ںУ׶һͷӦС
ǰУ׶Ŀȴ⺣
еżţһصڣڵػһ壬Ϲżأ׶Ȼ벻ͨҡҡͷЩڿͷЩҪˡ
á
һ׶һ˿ź񾳽磬е֣ȴ̫࣬飬飬飬һ·ս磬̽Ѱ·нյΪ
ٶȷɿ죬ʧԭأٴγʱ׶Ѿ׼ڵء
½ޱ䣬Ĵ֣׼Զ壬ڶʦһͬʱĴҲһǶʦյʵ񶼹׶һ½ƽλδǰ
Ľ׼ң׶δ֪ͨκˡ
ʱ׼𶯣һ˷׷׽׼С磬׼ͻȻȴû֪еİء
׼ôˣôŹ֣΢΢𾪣ȴԣһЩɣͬڣԴ½Ƕ׼ңʱҲǺܹŹ֡
һᣬʮɢ׼ҷ룬С
һһذ׷׽׼ңһĻò΢΢üƺ뵽ʲô
ͬʱ׼ҵϢҲ˳ȥ͸¶

ҹ׶ԺУ췱ǣһĻĻۼ⻹Щʪ󣬸˵һĻʹ޵ᶨȻ޷鰮˼飬ҲҪһ֡
ʧȥ鰮˱ΪѪĮǲΪµġ
Сӡ
ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ҸЦݣһ죬ˮлЦȴ밮ˣе״Ҹ
ΪҸȻع
ڶգ׼һָһɣȴȴȴδϣһĻ׼ҵһӶ˴Ϊ֣ղ֮
ʱ׶׼ҽУǵڶε񣬱Ϊ˷ӡڽеıԴ֮Դˮ֮Դ֮Դ
һ·ǰ׶ƽأܵ׵ƺûзһ㣬ûһ׶ϣƬռСһƽԭȴúǰ֮£׶仯̫ˡ
ȹƽԭ׶һ·ǰУ·طЩеӡǣȴһ˿ζ
գ˽еĺ֮ԩ꣬ԩ֮ϣγԩ꺣Сں֮زԶ˿ӣһźķذǿߣȴнγԩꡣ
һΪ۵󷨣רԩĵط
ԩ˺ܶ࣬µĶһЩδ۶ɵԩ꣬ʵޣЩǿԩѾˡ׶ɫ΢΢뵽ʲôɫѿ
ǰһǱԴ֮أԴػܻ౾ԴƣѹԩԩǲѹĪ˵½ҲҪԩ֮ƣΪһġ硣
׶ȥǰ׵Դ֮ҫ֮𶯣ͬʱǴһϤ𶯣ԴƺҪһԴ֮ף׶һץԴ𶯣ƵıԴâ׶һǸ谭ȡ
ԩѾû˴룬±Դ֮Ҳã
оһʱΧƵĹâһûͬУ׻֮ڡ
Դ֮ף׶¶һ˿⣬ӡڲͻ֮ΨеõԴͻƣһͻƵߵľ磬ǲ׶ĿģԣҪĿȣࡣ

ʮ Դ

ձԴ֮ף׶һҪͻһеǿϢͬʱһһϢӣϢﶼи񣬵ٶ壬ÿһ˿ϢԵĸ
սԱȣһɶԿϰǵĲ죬ľ磬ѾԽ̫࣬ﵽһĲΣȵģ׶΢΢͵ϢΪζʦֲȥħԪ
̫ˣҡҡͷʱǰ벽ɿԸǿ
ձԴ֮ףǰѾָԭʧȥ˱Դ֮׵ѹ˵زδκһԩѾŲߣʹûбԴ֮׵ѹʣԩҲԶƬС磬׶Ŀһ˿䡣
뵱꣬ʱ㱻𺳣гһ棬һߵӣɢһƮϢ׶õһ˿֮磬֪֮Ҫ
ʥɽϣʦΪۣתʱգݵһĻԳ֮ζý飬˿͵ĳ׶ૣʦתľ񣬲δһĻ걾ӦǺһĻ
׶˼ʦʦгѣ͵֮٣ֻǲδ뵽һУϽţϽ磬սȴ
׶һ˿⣬սļϽһЩ֪ܶ࣬ԳѾʵϽǵͼĴڣ𣬱ϾϽԴٶȿ˲ֹһңϽزͬ˺ܶ࣬ȴ޷Ӧͨ߶ԣظΪס
ҡͷ׶֪˶Ȼһ֣֮͵ȻɹȴһȺ֮ϣⲻò˵һֻ
˼׶ǰУﲢľͷĿ󷽣һĿռ䣬ﱻڣ޷龰׶ȴ֪ǶʦӡʣԴ
ΪνԴӡһ͡⡭
ǰ;У׶ͻȻһ˿ͷһεõ˳õֱԴδ˿谭ʦһе׼
ǧգܵõԴ΢΢ɣЩš
ƬСزδ˿谭ֻǼڶѣ׶жʦطԽС
С粻󣬽һСӵķڣشŹâҫâӡڲ׶΢΢ӦϢŨˮ֮ԪأֱԴʮһԴк͵һ֡
ˮƫطƫڽ
̽һ׶δһѣδ಼ãֱԴ׶뿪˷䣬뿪ص׼ҡ
׶Ϣֻ֪׼ҵܣͬ嶼֪ˣϾ׶ʵλһλʵԶŵ伮пԲѯһѹ˴
΢΢кһ׶㿪ʼչء
ش䣬ĳϫ֮ղ֪ʱ϶Զˣ˭Ҳ޷ʱ䣬ˣʹˣҲҪʼչأսߵľ磬ҪΪԺ㣬Ͼ֮ղԶˡ
ڣ׶΢΢һ谭ʶ̽㹻ˡ
ֱԴѾӡڣ׶һ׻ӿڣʱâţӡѣֱԴϢŨʼ׶壬׻ѾͻƸߵľ磬׶δ˿ĲӦ
Ϣڵ׻׻ⱾԴϢУ׶˼Դ֮Ӧ׻߼һڤڤϵ׻֮ԲȱʮһԴ
׻͹˵أǶʦ֣Ҳ񣬿ӣҲô˭
׶ɻȴûʱ˼Դգʱ̷׻𶯣һǿķӿ׶УڸС׻ǲϾߵľ硣
ͬʱ׻ɢصĹâƺĳֱ仯ʮһԴۣ׻ѾƺҪָԭܡ
ڣ׻ʵı仯δ׶ڵĶ˳УƬ׶ҲеõĪĺôǿѾнӽΪѾﵽһ㣬Գ֮
˸ڵı仯ƿƺʶ˺ܶ࣬һϲæĻᣬÿһ׶ͻƣǸ׶ڵı仯ͻƵͬʱҲΪһЩ
ֱԴѸ⣬ͬʱֱԴֱԴӤȭͷС֮£С˺ܶ࣬âŨеķ׶ʮһиУϾ
ϢΪŨϢɢ䡣
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ͻȻ׻һ𣬽ɫâУһϢâһ仯ɫϽɫ棬Եúܹ졣ڣʮһַǷܽ⣬ĸ봿׻ӿ׶ڡ
ԴԽԽСʣǵĹâʱҪɢʱʮһַȴͻȻŸΪŨĹââƺںϵƣ仯׶𾪣˫Ŀ֪׷ʲô
ֻƬ̣òˮĸӿУòƴȡͬʱƿѾɶܶ࣬ƺ΢΢׶ѹͻƵ
񲻽һ־磬һÿһǾǿߣõصϿɣѾͬڵǳԽ볬ѾˣصĸӦ
ʦ룬ͻƵʱ򣬻ضܷһص飬Ҫ׶СģҪͻƣȫ׼
һȫͻʱ䡣

ʮ 𶯣ϫ


ͷ׶һʱиںϵһƺҪһصı仯˲䣬׶·壬ǿգؼΨеܹϣһη
֮ǵı̣ͻʱᷢ׶Ȼ֪׼
ǿգصϿɣ׶ſˣ·ƿһһ㡣
ڣһͻȻ÷׻ӿͬʱǲϾ׶磬׻ҲڽߵĲΣ׻ѹƣȻϢԻ׼ҳǳء

׻ӿӰˮͣʣϢͣʮһԴ⣬ɢԣԣ׻һЩ仯֮ϣһӵ·Ǵδйġ
·Ƶ̣·ǲش£ʮһԴںϣ׻øѹȣ·ѹһ㣬ԭʧȥıԴ֮һ̲˼Ļָ˹ǿ
һУ׶ԤУѾ뵽ˣͻʱȻһЩ仯
ͻƣ
кʱ׶Ψһͷϳ嶯һδγʶѾͻƣ˿ֻѣںʮһԴ׶ʱѾһּ޾磬ͻˡ
ͻƣˮɣδ˿谭
䣡
ʱһӴϢɢͬʱؼ併һɫĹ׶ȫͨ嶼ǰɫϢ׶ϢϢΪŨ
仯׼Ҵ󾪣̶һ򶼿ʼ̿ؽ˰ɫѵ˱سͷ
Ī˵һƬ̼䣬½ˣǿ߷׷ӿҪ׷ʲô
УӰԻһŮؼ併µİɫһӵãȻôˣһȫգԺҵȱȼ磡
ǻ͵ǿߵӣҲΪһר꣬ҪһͬѰ·
ҡҡͷȴش䣬Ѿͷϫ֮٣ʱõô˺Ͼ˶ʧ΢΢ü˳ǷӰصı仯񻹲˵
Ŀ⸴ӣδڣԶһ˿㯵Ĺʡ
ʱ𶯣½ı仯𶯣ǿ߶ио磬һ֮أڣҲǴľ
ʱλͬʱɫ䣬һ˼˳񾳽磬Ѿض˴ʧȥ¡
һҡҡͷ̾ѾˣѾɹ񾳽磬ֻǵõϿɣ˶ѣ޷ֹصı仯һ̾û˵Ȼǲá
΢΢Ĭɫѿ
һ˵̫ͻȻ֪Ƿҵȼƻ谭ƺûɣ
ֻܿˣ
ôʵ飬ܳɹҲûгɹĻˣһһЩޡ
׶ضǿ߶иӦȴҡͷһۣ޷ֹʱ׶Ѿɹ񾳽硣
⣬֮ڶҲûһ˿κεط·˲伴һ㣬ƾܣʱ׶Ѿһ˿ռİ壬Уհˡ
ϫ֮ٽ𶯣˲ʧ˷׶أйڣӿڡ
׶Ϊ޵׶һ㣬ʳˣжֽ׻֮У׻âţڲл֮׹ƺָյܣһЩʮһԴҲޣڡ
ʱ׶Ѿ׽񾳽磬ֻΧ˲δɢȥ
ңλĽȻɫ䣬¶һ˿صЩԣؽµƺ̫һЩȥ
δ˵ȥͬɫأֺ֪ر仯ģóϫ֮ǰνϫ֮գʱ̣ʧȥ˴ˣػٻ
׶ˣ仯𾪣û뵽һĻλɫ䣬ȴΪ̫ԶˣʱҲֹ
âһһӰм䣬һ£Ǻɫͬأһ˵ƻб䣬ϫ֮ҪǰҪ׼ʱҪ֮
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һͻȻ쵰ھ
Ҫ嶯֮׼ѣʱѾʣ¶ˡ
˶оصı仯ǶԺĻŲɣƬ̣ʧ
ˣʱ׶Ҳеһֲֻ޷ֹ˲ӿڣ漴׻ɣڱǵϢ׻ڲǹǿıԴ֮׶¶һ˿ЦȴΪ
䣡
Ƭ̣𶯣ţַҲ¶ƺĩһ㣬׶ͷ֮ϣб£·һ㣬֮ˮӿ׶ڣǷɡ
仯˾Īܾ£̫ˣȴ˸ǰ׷˺׶ˡŮ˶𾪣ǵģȴΪ
ĳһ̣ͻȻһɲǼ䣬·һ־ֹʱ̣ǿȷһгһͷ
سϫˣ
˴ɢȥؼٱϫ֮յˡνϫĿʼԴͷ׶ˡ
ʱ˿̣ǿߴ޲ýնɱسϫǰ˻ңδó׼
һ̣׶ǲ֪ʱѾȹ̵˾磬ֻ׻ˣ

ʮ Ѫ

£գۼһʱҴҹȥ
޵£գǧ꣬һȴϣͬȹǧһ㣬̹ģһУ޷ĳʱ̡
һǰ׶ͻ񾳽磬ƣ춯ҵйһ㣬ӿʧȥˣϫ֮ǰνϫ֮ձһʢת˥ĵ㣬˵ر㵽ʱ̣ʱ
˵ҪҿҪԴ
磬һλݺݵһЩѪ˿һѹͻѣƣ˼㡣
һҡҡͷεʱ䣬úǻʲôģȻҪ˷һ򡣡
Ҳͬͷѹѣֹ˴ʧǷѾ๦Чȴӣʱ͸׶ȴûˡ
΢΢һ㶣˭˵ʱͻƣȻǻкܳʱ׼ʱִ̫ˡ
΢΢ĬһϱֲˣֹֺΪĳ׼һЩʱ䣬׶ͻȻͻƣش䣬ʱ̫һЩֻδã׼Ǻܳ֡
żô˵أصһѡ˵
һͬͷ·вǿ߶ڵᣬ׼ʱԶԶǣ˵ʱѾȲˣҵȲҪżȥɣϻˣҲΪֵʱ򡣡

տĴУ׶һׯص֮ϣһƣСһش䣬˶ƴ׼ȴһ㣬Сãһ˿ǻ۹âתƺ뵽ʲô
׶Խɲ⣬λҲֻܸ̾һЩ͸λСֵܣȻ֪ʦּһЩϵδΪ׶΢΢̽һ뿪׼ҡ
Ψһ˿Ө׶˾ôţ㿴죬ȥ
˭Ҳ֪˼䵽׷ʲô
ڰи̵һԹŮñƵöʦֲòתֹλСֵܣСʦá
ҡͷ̾ȴ֪аأ֪صݣǲ֪ƺָһЩϽļ䣬ͬ׶һҲһϽعһƷΪ·㵹һܡ
һٻӰһϯɫȹͬӰʹϽعݣ׶Ҳ΢΢ݣȻǷȴӵвڱòͬһͷǷǵ
¶һ˿΢Цʲô
˵ţ׶жƺ׶ЦһɫسϫѾЩǿѾȲסˣ֪˭ʼ
ü˽Щ̹ͬйϵͨԪ磬̿ͳˣ񡭡Ҳóѡ
Ѿã֪ܶţŵ·кܶǿߣ߻ʣǿߣгʸ˭ȳ⵹ǲȷ
׶ͷҲ֪һֻܵȴʵѾ㹻ȻҪúùһҪ׻ϴͻˣĳֲ˼ı仯׶ҪúôĦһ
أЩӣǴعλһʯŮһ㣬׶ְֺޣһֻɬѶ˼ųг֣Դ֮׶ͻ˾磬׶Щᣬһ鶥Ůӡǰء
ΪصŮӣ͵ǿߵŮͶʦйӵĹϵ

ʱҴңתۼǰ¹ȥ
ԪѾѣ˴ʧؿʼѣѽ٣䣬Ҳ鿪ʼ䣬ÿμԪĩڶˣ·вǿѾԴ˼ֲˣһЩùϵǿߣ֪ٴ龰
һعͨѪɫΪ죬һЩĺɫЩǹ·һλǿߵľסΪѪʡ
ѪҲһǿѪҺԽ࣬ʵԽǿ˼ʱݻѪһѪԪ硣
ڹ·ǿŷɥҲгѾʸһˡ
ѪһɫۣһЩŹֵ·ʱ۾׼ˣ
ԱһӣæͷɽЩˮǱѪʵƸƵģ׼ˣҪѪҺѾ׼ȫ˶٣ŲħԪѣÿʱÿ̶䣬ѪҺռ
ЩѪռˣѪ΢΢̧ۣ˶ʱоһӴѹ̲ڵأˣѪ׼ˣһ
Ŵ˵ӣѪһ˿ʧڰ֣ȥɡ
뿪󣬹ΨѪһˣ¶һ˿˷ܣôãڼȫѪܹϳѪʳһⶼûУںѪУδɾҲ󡣡
վӴһɺǶţγѣһСȴ֪ʱʽõĳʱ
¶ȵĹâЦ鹬
һǿһ·𱻰Ƥһ㣬ɫѿ

ºһشϢϯ죬ڹ·ħԪ֪ˣһЩǿ߾УȴֳĬδ̫ķӦ
ѪҪˣ
磬һЦһçѣΪõһЩѪҺܳѣˣѺαصȵʮŸԪ¶ǰѾˣǿЦ
һʱõĳѻᣬַ佣ƫ棬˵гɹĿܣǻǵȵȿɡ
ϢӦͬһЩЦô⣬һЩȴ·Ҫۿѣ˵ջб׶

ʮ 

ѣϽԽһѣڵײ㣬ͬʥһ㣬Ͻʸѡ
½磬ȴµľ磬ں˵ϣѣԪе˰ֻأӵг߾ʸ
·Уʱǿ߾£һΧܣ봦ѪɫĴиעĿѪʱŲǿȴ⣬ӹע֪λһѾǿߵ׻Ρ
ȺҲǷ׷ţִͣ
һһ˿䣬ص֮˵Īԣ޷͸ʱԪ̫࣬ҲõĻᣬѪʵʵ˵гѵĿܣ
һЩ˵ͷͬ˵
Ѫʵǿڹ·ܸߣഫɱһЩȡǵѪںϼҪ棬õ˵е֮Ѫҥѣδ֤ݣѪȴǺǿ
׶ǵͷϽǿѪͬսѪػҵĻѪѪ֮˵Ͻ̫򵥣ÿһλǿ߶һЩѪ׶ҲѪÿһֶǲ
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׶а̾ǿ֮һȻѪܣȴ辶һ·ߵ۷塣
գѪҪѣҪۼѪߵľ磬λǼ֤ѪӢˣò̾
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ߺܶ࣬ظӦûмˣżмأʱΨг߿Դڣǳ֣仯
ƿϵû˸ҿЦƬ̣пտյǿΨѪʸֶѣڳϢ
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䣡
һըװɫ䣬ȥɫֱϷƺؿϣкɫķ϶ѿƿصҪֻд˵ܳѡ
Ѫǹĳѣ͵첻ͬҪܿ飬ص谭һϴ
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Ѫ˻ŭУغ𶯣ƺطйŭ׶ѪһϵѹƣѪɫһ㣬£Ѫ΢΢𵴣΢ࡣ
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ôѪɱ˶ˣ
ɫһ䣬Ѫ޾һ㣬ڲϢ֪ɱ˶˲㣬ܶаޣһЩѪг޵ˣⱼѪУ˵һѪкܣƣ޷ѡ
׶΢΢Ӧ̫Ѫа֮࣬ڷӣ޷֣Ѫвͬѣû̫ãʹˣֱѾ˺޾̾ˡ
Ѫ죬ӴܳأУ˺һ˿϶һ޷ֿѹʱѪѹƣܶࡣ磬ǴڿѪٺˣ¶Ǿ֡
ǾȻпһֻӴ۾̫˼飡
ۣۣ֮֮һ̶¶ϲɫżмƣʱر仯һĿ飬Ψггʸ񣬶ữһֻ޴۾֮ۡ
ۿһǧƣųƻۣ֮׶ͬǧУһйѪܵģ֪ܷȹ

ʮ Ѫ֮

Ѫ춯أѪҺһ𣬺ɰٴеӵжܣ˿֪ļ£𾪣׶΢΢٣оеĿֲ֤ܹе
ƺһһЩƽ޷оĶƺͻʱϢйء
Ѫ죡
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Ѫ죬Թʹе˷һжѹ£ѪͨϣҪ֮ۡ
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˰ЦѪʴУʱгʼҪѹѪʣ䱻֮۸ǲŻᰲġ
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һ˿ʼӻϴѪʡѪУѪӾҶдЩŮӶĽ˸ǰ飬ŭȴ֮ѹƣ޷ȥ

ǺһѪٴηڶ˾УһѪ֣һɫѪ飬ɢһҵϢղѪϢͬȴѹƵ֮򣬴Ѫʵѹ
ȱʳɹʱɱǣ
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ҪʲôӦ׼
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ѪȴǶȻЦ̫ˣǻȴ֪ϧֻܳΪʵˣǱʳɹѣҲһͣ
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ƽδ˿Ŀ־壬һزΨһ쳬ѣԹԣͬĸһ㣬ֻѣǲŻģʹǵ

ҽѪһ˻Ѫˮɣ׳޹󷨣ǿ䣬Ѫʵĺ̫ĺ磬һЩǰˣȴΣ޷󷨡
һҡҡͷŪˣѪ֮󷨣飬ΨȫѪҺ󣬷Լɢ

ʮһ Ԫ֮

Ѫ֮֮һĳ̶ֳȶԣֵѾԽΪ֮һѪܹ֮죬֪ںϴĹҲһЩϵ伮һʴѡ
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׶ܹͨ׻̫ŵˣɲ࣬ȴ档
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Ѫʲδеı仯ֻڳӯ·ͶڣսϽ磬δйĸо
Ȼ󷨣ںѪҺѪ֮ʱɴۣ֮ʼһϲѾ͵˼㣬аճѡ
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Ŀɨۣ֮ɱ֮΢΢𶯣һ˿ŭƺеΣչ֣ųǧ򣬷ӿл֮ǧ£ҪѪն䡣
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׶ȴҡҡͷѪʵѾɺˣһ㶼ʢ̫죬޷ȴȻ֪ЩЦ
һ޴ѪɫѪۣѪҺӿ룬ѪɫԽѪͬʱɢһӴѹ˲ҪѹأһЩԶطǿߵĿӣ𾪡
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һʹİɢɢؼ䣬ˣؼһ

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һ̽Σ׼Ѿãа̣ӵ󲿷ˣǳѣܴ󣬶԰̵ֵĻһҲûϣ
ˣȻλǲ֪ʦֵ䣬±ǺҲ֪΢΢ԥҡҡͷˣݺǲϽϵ̹Ƿǵݣһ֡

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ʱҴңһγԼԪӰ󣬲˵ǣд̾κһ˿ϣһλǿغһԣʹΣҲҪôǿĵ֣κˣκǿߣжǲ԰
һЩЩ˽ˣҡͷ̾бһλϽǿߣͬסԪһ㣬ûκδԪ糬ѵĻᡣ

һգһؼϢأ𾪹·𾪣ӹ·ִһϢѪ֮ǿҪͼ֮
ôܣѵ˷ˣ֪һλǿһԻ񣬻ҪѵΪλǿߵĵ֣Цһҡͷ̾ϢŴܹɹϾֲ̫һâɻɱѾǿߣһ޵С
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ң˶λǿ߲֪Է̫أ޷֪Ϣ
Ĭ󼸺ǿͳͳǰ壬ҪۿһγһδѪ֮£˴ޣһζȻֹ׶ҲȺǷּλǿߣгʸ֮ˡ
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׶ҡҡͷȻó˹Ϊ֮Ȼ߻ʵıԣˡ
һ˿ǣԽԽ٣ÿһγѶķѴˣûйʱ䣬ǰһֻмζѡ
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ˣȺоһŵУһɫӰ֣ͫ΢΢һ
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߻ŭͨɫƣһֻ޴ߣı壬ʮɰСƬҫͷо޴Ľǣǻ߿ɱδرһЩಢδѡ
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һǿֱ֣߳طע߻֮߻ɢϢԽǿ󣬱֮ǰǿ̫ԽԽ㡣
ȻֶΣ׶̾һֲ߻ʸҳԭǿһ£õ߻ʼ֮ӦÿԳѣܷסһȴ޷֪

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٣ˣսϲԣϲȻκεĻᡣ

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νƭ˶ѣǶƭˣȻǹˣŪڹ֮䡣׶һһϢ΢΢ҡͷ˵ȴԸţԸԼǴġ
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һλĽȻһˮӲȴһʵʰɱ¶ޱԹź
ʦѣسǿһˣͳޣйհһɷĵ𾴣䣬֪˷Ѱȴûһ˿
ԪںУʣйء
˵Ҫɱ㣡ɱӿʵʵɱ⻯ɺɫȥҪնɱȴ˵ǰסΪ߱졣
ɫÿȴͼ¹أԪµʱ䲻ˣʲô鶼Ҫ֮˵
һЩ΢΢һͣɨһۺ̾Ϣһͷ볬ѣȻֵ߼أسѣ¹ԪˣʱΨһϣںһϡ

֮նϣһ˵ķ֮˺ȻȥƻԡڻУ˵ԪҲзӶޣΪףڶλǷˣв֮ƣʵ
нˣϣ޾ȻУ⣬ȴδ嶯ͷ˵ĺܶԣһϣںϣܳѣҲûϣ
ȫȻɱȴѹ
׶ҲǳԾ̫ˣڹżжȺʧһţ֪˲²⣬Ͻ£벻Ǻֱʡ
ţһ޵ԪԺڷɳһ쳹أϲҲŭޣͬǵĺһ㣬ȴնɱŭȴЩԪ鵲ס
һߣȻһֻޣΨһֻ󵣡׶Źе飬һߣжȱ󵣬ԣǺĻȴмֿܡ
˵ĺúݣĻԪ׷׽նɱΪ˽գǺ
˲ò̾ĻȻչżأЩʮԪ֮һʧıʮԪնɱޣ̫ˡ
ն
ĽȻһ¶ʹȴδ˿ɣӾҲۣ֮һͷӰ֣ɫ׶ϳ󵣬ı壬ȻҪն
ն壬ȴǴһֻޡ
ȻݣҪˣΪ˳ѣѾһַ֮ԭЩ޲նɱȴĿ¶ӣҡͷ
޴Ӱն֮׶¶һ˿ˣ󵣬׶ûв²⣬ӦǺһƻΪ˽նȥ塣
նȥһи飬ޣʵҪ㵽Ҫ׶Ŀںϣߴʱȴ֮֡
޾ۼĽȻһ𣬱ЩʱʱҪһ㣬ޣ֮طԴĪ⡣

ʮһ 

УԷӣһӴĹ󣬺ʦؼܹϳļԪЩֲĴ󣬶ǳԺ֮ףɼĿֲ
ۣϢĽȻһȻһ壬˼£·ҪѾ磬𶯣ֲĽɢȴ޵סɢһصɫâ΢΢ҡҷȴס˽ס
ֻǣϢҲδﵽѾ磬Ϣȴ
Ϸ컯նɱޣΪⳬѴ󣡡
źһ䣬ɫĽȻһУ޵Ϣһû˿谭Ϊ壬ƺҪûһ㡣
ǡôܣϢֲáֲáȻΪԭˣ׶¶ȻϽ֪һط֮Ѫۣﵽ¿һϵĵ
һţܷɹ֪ϽҲⷽϢնɱޣۼѪԴǽЩںϣڼϾѪеıԴ֮δز۵
£ط·׵ĺ󣬸һЩ׵ǿ߸еͷƤ飬ܹܵеĿֲ
һ׵дʵĪ⣬쳣ֲ£ȫںɫ֮ϡ𶯣ȴʵסҲǿʼʵȺԿͨٲδѣʱȴͬ
ʵǿ׽ȻǿһЩնɱޣŭ죬׽Ȼֲ޿˵ҲǱԴ׶ľٶѾŭ׽ȻӿֲһЩ
ڣ
˿⣬ߺһʱе޷׷ڣϢҲڣҲڱ仯Ӳ˼٣ǧɵӣգһ˫ɫĳӣиصĵƣ޵ͼ
һֻͨɵľ޴޳Уһ֪Ĺޣȴأ΢΢һ𣬶ܸ纣һ㲻£쳣ֲ

׶ɫѿǾǻ֮ǻ֮ͬʱһɹɱԴ֮Χ춼ǺΣ׶ϢԲӦĸӦҲ֤׶Ĳ롣
дʱޱȿֲҡҷǾ޴Ĺʵ壬ֻһ˿ͣƺûǡ
ָĽȻһһ߷ڷӶ׶ǳϤǺ裬ı塣
ڿУ뷢ףһܣ̾һһâûڣʱһǡ
նȥڣǡһ塭ԣ׶һ˿˷һЩƣȴǺպԣһ
׶һ˿ʲôִǹȥδַʤһ壬ҲҪնȥⲻնִǰ㣬ûд޷ɹ
ַ׶ѪĽȻһͬʱת
֮ޣӭϣ죬غ纣ûǳ׺УӲס
˴ţ̫ˣޱնɱȴںϳһޣ쳣ֲʱ˿ȳߵʵʤ
Ϸ龰޷׺סɿֲ˵ȴ˰죬ʹ޴г֣ҲЩήңӰ࣬ȴסһ٣׶ɢȥ
֮ѾȥҪѡ
¶ӣЩɱĹҲɱҪسѣΪҪ֮¡ңպʵնɱģйһ֣Ҳ֡
һ٣ζȹһ˷ϽǿߣʹǿҲһܹȹһ
һЩаʹޣڴ̹ǿնɱһЩȴڴһϾΨһϣ
δȴĽȻһһץ·ʱʮŸ޴ӣÿһ϶ģǲͬϢ˸еϤϢ
ʮŸӣ֮ÿһжһԪķģϢŨȻϢһĻ£ʮżԪ˷߻ʮſѪ֮ϡ
вһУ˾ʱб֮ڽѾ磬δᣬ䵥һӣ·תʱ·һ㣬˾Ȼɶߡ
ӿУˣƿֲʮżԪ˲󣬶ˣҪԪȫϯ
ֲãֲãʱ˿̣׶ͻȻ׹ϽһطϵڳѾ˷֪ܶȱˣ޷ɹϾ֮ϽҲѰ
Ŀıڴˣϵ
ѵаնһ𣿡׶ૣƺǱصһˡ
ɢһصİ׹⣬âţ֮׽ѾʱϢ֮Ѫ߻ʸӺˣﵽ˿ֲĳ۷壬Ҫվǵ̲㣬޷
ȴδɾͲϢǴصϽ磬ЩɱضΪ֮
ȴڴʱһƹԶϢһ
һĻ𾪣ȴΪƹ⻮·𻮷ʱ䣬ֻţ˿ʱ·ֹһ㣬޷ֺ

ʮ ̹

ƹһ̣·ضֹֻƹڶ׼ȴȻֻһĻһЩдϲ޲úնɱޣµɱ̫ˡ
һЩǲȻиӣìܡ
ಣ
ƹ⻮һУգۼ㵽ǰʱ£ɫ֮ȴû赲ֺƹ볬֮УٶȲ
·һ̣һ㡣

ʱȴ˼һеͳһǿҹâ˫Ŀâӿһɲ˼Ȼƹ⵲޷룬ƹⲻͣϳȴȻ޷롣
׶ƹлɫսͷŷԣǰıϣ޷ƣǱϣ֮ɫ˲ɼˡ£ˣǼģԪģ·ʮŸͨΪһ뼺סһ
̹ٹǿҲնˣһ£˼а취Ϊ̹֮ˣҲΪ
ƹ΢΢𶯣ȴö룬дʧɫȻܹסһûƹ޷֪ʩչ
ΣֻҪܹһɣϣˣϷܹ쳬ѣ޺Ϊ¶һ˿Цݣиӣϲ⣬һˣǾ֮ɫ
ȱ˸ЩƢΪ֪ΪޣǿƴһУʹҲһüͷҲΨ쳬ܹ΢΢ɵóȻ֡
ҡҡͷͷ̾ϢһԵϣǲҪʲô²źã
˶Ϊȹһǲ֪ܣȴףϽ֮ǿӸ½磬ȻڤڤеĵԼ⵽ͬ粻˼һ㡣
׶ȴ΢΢ü̹һǽϽҲΪܹһ壬һûʲôأʲôأλ̹ӿֲ֣
ͻȻǻƹӶȥ˵Ļϲ֮һЩӵı飬ȹ˴٣سǰϲ£ͬ졣
ȴû˿иĿգƺ˿ռ䣬һ֮أüɣ̹ţԪǲ֪㣬ҲΪյ棬ƹ㿪ٵĺļԪ
ĽȻһͣǲ˼飬ֻΪ֣̹š
ǵң
һռ΢΢һͻȻһĴ󺺣ͬҰһ㣬ɢһްϣɫ԰ף˺̹һϣÿһ̹ˣɻɾˣɨһ
һϺսսΪ٣һڴսУϽǼɵ٣ȴϽ綯
󺺹һЦźǾ⣬͵͵һУһδƵۣȴӵпȳѶʵǱϽЩ֪»ˡ
󺺴ȴǲɵвȻˣôȻΨһİ취ǽնɱ
ңңͷ̾ϧˣһֻΪڵԪ֮²ܴ˲˳ѣΨһ
Ǿ⣬ƹУʱУž޴Ľսȥһռѣ£һ޴Ŀռѷ֣ǺǰҲʼ𶯡
ǿУ̹ȴַɡиͷһ峤ͣĪ⣬һϣ˵ǺǴصǿߣҲʮ
ƺһһ˿һӣǰʱûռѷУѷûӿ룬ʼָһĻ̹΢΢𾪣ȴǸ켸֣ͷȻ¡
䣡
һƺҪһ㣬һԻٵһ򣬺ǹ·գʹˣ·Ҳ࣬ûЩ׷ȥ֪Ƿܹһ
̹ţеλڰеǿߣϽ磬ʵޱȿֲ
ңڹһˣѾˣʮŸǴִ꣬ȻţѾٳѾʵȳѶ壬Ȼ޷סһķ˴ˣлѡ
̹ŵĶ֣һס
ռѷָһ޴Ӱ޴壬·һ㣬׶ȻŲ֪ߵ̹ţ˹ȻǷӣȻϽĹ涨ָǷҪնɡ
̹һ壬ս߾֮֮ϣ
ȫ룬˵ظ޷ȥֲ̫½ǿ߿ƥеģҲ׶༪١˰һ̾иӣɬһЩԴᣬϣҲҪ䣬Īûгѻ
ѵҪѣҪԪع磬һμԪֻ֮أ
׶ҲԶ۹иӣһֱͬǼԪ֮ԼԪҲһֶصĸ飬ֻΪѣʧȥһУͷȴˣʧȥһеϣ
̹֣ûлˣһǿϽ϶֮£Բı䣬ûϣˡ
䣡
пʼ˾սϺƺҪһ㣬ذѹвһıҲڴ˿ϣ
̹ţϽ֮ΣΪϷ㲻ɣ
ŭ𣬴˿̱ĵҲֵܱŭУһɫâг֣ʱվһ飬ǹҲɫΣϢĽȻһȻɲУȴδղǰǱ
̹һۣȴǲмһЦ죬Ҵһ㾹ȻҪԸңǿЦ
ҡҡͷﴫȴ̹һ˿ԪԴͷ̹š

ʮ 

̹ϤһĻһ̹һеһֲ̹֮ſٺĽ磬һ˿Ԫ壬Ԫδ죬޵С
գȴƣ
߷Ҳ;쵽ҵĴڣ˽նɱȻƣļƣ˵еù㡣̹죬һսԸıмʹãȴһǻ۵͡
ҡҡͷ޹أԪ̫ˣǰˣϷֻһѣδ˿߷
һμ֪ļԪʥҪУȫ䣬Ψкһ׮ţֻ֪ѣʥ죬ȴ֮ħֲ̫ʥˣΨкȴ˲ء
֮ħǿߣʵޱǿλǿߣնɱ
̹üͷһ壬һ˿أƵ²ۣն㡣
һɾ̤ǰ޴Ļ̌𶯣·һűҪԪһ㡣Ҫ

ŭսȻ޴̹ȴС̫࣬һɹɷ֮۳ӹ̹ӵס£̹һȴסˣ޷¡
һ¶һ˿ȣŹޣƺ뵽ʲô
Ȼ̹ҡҡͷѪֻ߲ʵ߲࣬ѪӰĵδɾޡ

һһѣԹ޵ʵԿͨߴ´࣬ʱȴֻ̫࣬赲Ƭ̶ѡ
δᣬԣɫӰѾʵһ˵ģɫĵۣиƳ룬һɷǵӡ
׶üͷ̫ϤˣлȻһЩؼ飬Ǻ߷δ֮δʲô
ɫӰգɢعâеһӣ𶯣ѿһ޴ķ϶һɲãϢ޴ĹŽУӣ׶ȥıٸ֮أഫ˵ϸԪ
ϸԪȴǺĺļԪ
ûУž޴֮ӿٸ֮УһƬƬŽָԭòٸһν˹·Ｘû˼ȴܸеĲ
ǡɸôܣԪ羹Ȼһɸ˼飡̹˼ɫƬ·Գһһ㣬ϽɸԳɿռ䣬д
䣡
һɱɸгѪɷأ·Ӵľӣ֮࣬ЩսʿˣûϢȴɢŨɱƾɱɱǿߡ
ͻȻһսʿϵһƬѪ죬лӶ汬ںɱ˱㵲ס̹ǰӣ̹¶һ˿أ·һ֮ѹһ㣬Ȼһ޷ǰĸо
֮ǰŽףעĿħԪλ񣬾ȻΪ˴ĽĿ⣬δʿ
ԭˣֲǾۼôԩ꣬ȻΪ׶ȻԹޱأʵѾΪԴԳǿߡ
׶ˣɫΪδͳԩĴĪ⣬δ֪ȴǱܣԩ걾γɲף԰ԩɴնɱκǿߡ
ң֮񾳽ԩ󷨣޷󵽵׻ᷢʲô
ն
ɫӰ߿գи΢΢һ¹һһӴĿܣ̹һСһĻħԪһģһֺ
ŻһеսʿӶбɷ֮ʤںɱϢڶսʿͷϣһص󷨣ѾжԿ̹ŵʵ̹Ҳ¶һ˿أһӺ
λյϣʱѾиԿʵ
ֶβܹ½粼ôֶΣˣϽҲûм̹̾һжԴ˺ء
Ӷ޴ȭͷȭͷϻɫâһ۳һɫȭͷһȭȻӳڶ֮ϡ
󷨺𶯣Ѫɫɱںɷ𶯣âȴΪۣȭͷ˻ȥֱ̹һѪӿо·һ㣬ȭͷЩʹҪѵĸо
ǿ
̹Ŷδͣ£Ӷȭͷһȭȭһǿ֪Ȼǿ㣬ֻܱأܽڹǻƣҲ޷ն
ˣںԹɱΪۣĪ˵㣬ǴصǿҲ޷Թ鲻󷨱޵УȻ֣֮Ȼ֪󷨵
˹ΨзԹԹۣ׼һУΪ˽죬ϵһĻ
̹΢΢ԥȴûȥȻ˼
ŵ˽磬Ϊһ
̹һ¶˼֮ɫź㾹Ȼ֪
̹ŴкأϽԼȴɳ²Ϊһ壬Ϊ峤սû뵽Ȼеܣ뵽ǣ̹ȴǿЦ
ϷϲʱѾˣ
Ļδ˵̹ȴһ΢΢ӦϢȻʱŭգƺ̽ʲôһ̤Уʧ׷ȥ
Ҳδ£׷ȥʧ
΢΢һ㶣̫ˣϣ֮ˣֶһһӲе̹Ų·硣
׶¶ӣ¶һ˿ɣ̹żԪû̹һ壬սһ壬ҲΨһλˡ

ʮ ҲҲ

׶΢΢˼֮ˣиоȴ֪ԷݣϽ֮ˣһɫĹâ׶Щ²⣬ȴܿ϶Ͼս챾µļҲ࣬δϽϸļء
׶ҲһЩ²⣬˾һЩĵϵӣһнʾݡ
˾Ȼ漰̹֮Ҳ֪ˣҲ֪ƺʲôӦ̹ųڴ˽йء׶иͷʲôʱûʲôܾá
˵ԭأδ뿪¹죬󣬱ЩҲͣͼɱеǣն
ͷһ˿ӣ̾Ϣһϣںһϣ˶ˣһѾʧȥƣ̫ѡǳºնǺ˴һ£̹żԪ磬Σˣ
˳Ĭⷬʵֿܹѣ̹ǿʩչϽδܹס
ܹסܹ쳬
ĬȻˣٶĻڶûģΨеȴǷܹλϽǿߴһ¡
һȣʮʱ⡣
޵£ûʱĸȴǺżѾȲˣԪҲٵˡ
ȥʱǸͷѲҵҪѣżԪһλŭ߶뿪
΢΢̾ϢǺγˣȴΪ̫࣬Ѿʱ̣ѲϣԪѾʼѣ䣬ȴ޿κΡ
һЩһնɱгʵˣȴǺˣǴʱ˿ԳѣźǣϽ֮ˣ˵һ˿ϣ
δأ˺кܶӵгʵҪλĳɹߣһ˴˵Ĳ˳Ե
ѣѾܣ֪ħԪһλǿߣ͵죬Ȼɹȴ޹䣬һź
£ĺᣬĵˣʵǿռԪбԴ壬ӵг֮ʡӵѵֶΣ˵ܹɹ
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ʱһһɫ̣Ī⣬䣬ﲻˣӦλУһ
ԣйǰȥѯʣżŹκһ˿ᡣ
պǰȥĹδأȴڹ¶һӰɫһʱǺδ䣬Ҳûܵش벻ͬ
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һЩǻϲƺʤı˰ܹۼ֤ĳѣǴԸ
һЩȴǽźŻˡ
ΪҲܳ쳬ѣһֻпԼˡһ˿įźѾһУȻиĿģȴҲΪ˰쳬ѣҲǹ֮һΪĸ
ȴس֮Ϊ
˵ʲô㣬㣬㣬ͷȴˣһͷ׷ĹǰŭĿŭƺҪһգ˶ˣ̫ʧˡ
ϷΪնɱЩг֮ʵǿնɱһգۼˣϣϣͷȴˣŭЦɱ˫Ŀ죬гһѺɫսһ߻ʶɽгֱشɢࡣ
Ϸն㣬ο죡
δֹٳȥƳ죬һɫɱɱ͸˺Ŵ󵶺Ȼն¡
һ˿įͰˣδֹʱ̫ǿˣʹնҲˣѾ񾳣಻֪١

ȴһ˿񣬿˾٣ұԴȻըеһϢһЩʱûһҽжΪը쳣ֲ
Ƭ̣ȴ˳ЩңδˣһܣǷƺҲҪԱ
΢΢ҡͷʧ
ȺΪ֮Ҫ֮£µʱ仹һЩֻҪٳһλߣȻɴ߳ѣ
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һƬĬȴҽкŭ𣬹йȴ޼£Ǻˣȴ޷ıʲô
죬ĵʱ̣Ҳϣãʱ̡

½ʱҲڻ֮У׶˵ļӳ֣½ҲڻζƺҪһ㣬ѾȶҲûжá
ǼԪףԪˣοЩ½λ档
ʮ⻮ռû½УΪ֮ǹͷߣʣǿߣֻмλˣ񣬲ʮˣһֱ֮ȴ޷֤ѵһĻ
½λ֮أΨһϣˡһ΢΢̾ϢǰԹ
ϣûа취ֻλѡ
ͷһ̾ҵʶ˲ҲֻܾһԣϣǿԳһ˵Գɹ
ǾκҪҵȶҪӦҵȵҲǡ
˵ͷһȺ˽̹Ŵ½춯ʱ̣ԭĹѾƣҲɽħԪС
ǲδλȴܹܺļԪڶصϢλ֮⻹һֲֿϢλ֮¡
Ϊ΢΢ɣȴ¶ϲɫǶԣʱǿóѵϣ
һŵʱ׶ŶڶǿߣЩӣ֮Ѿ֪ԼѴóȻ֣ϾǸԼҪ׷޾ĵΪ쳬ʧȥһС
ЩִŵĹΪ쳬ѣԷһУиĿģ׶Ѿ֪
ΨһϣˣʲôҪҵȶӦʹҪҵԲãҲһԹԡΪߵг⡣
Ƕ˶ΪҾһƴǵĴ˲ǻһ˼ʹƴһУҲҪ쳬ѡ
΢΢ͷοһȴδӦ
ʱѾɽˮûʲôҪ˼һΡ׶΢΢Ĭ֪һܣ׿ڸ֪Ȼ䣬һ󷨣Դﴫ͵硣
ˣʹ䣬Ҳ뿪ĻᡣƺгŹһεĻᡣ
׼ôãҪǵʱܷҵ죬죬ƴһѪҲǣ
΢΢ͷһϲ̶أŵͷĿ׶ϣ˶ԣ׶أʵȴǿ󣬲ݺӡ

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λĵˣֶβµһЩӵбԴ֮ʵȥǿ׶˵ͷҲͬˣҲ֪˵ʲôֶΣܹڴʱ
Ѻ󣬺ķشˣѾˣҪܽ˵ΨпżŸΪǿ
Ϊ߼һĻ̴ϲǷģκҪҵȶӦֻҪܹѾУ΢΢ԥŵȻܴ쳬ѣسŵȻӦҵֹˣӦòԡ
кسŵ֪ʱȴԸйʹڡ
ǿңңңΪԪԷһУʹϴҲϧ˶ֻмԪֻأҲֵõģϧδһ˲ܣ޲ն
ãҵֶΣΨһҪȥһ˿˼ǴʱЩðʧϾѾ䣬˱ˣƬضˣĴܴ
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˵˵ǣѾ䣬ĴҵȳѴΣܹѹһʱ䣬ǳɹĻὫһЩ
صı仯ˣһЩΪ֪صĸȥضԳѲ˴һʡ
ͷصѾ䣬Ҫıֱ仯ҵ޷һټи֣ʼѹĴѣʱޣҵȵҲ赲ã
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׶ʵҲһǿļѾʵнӽʵһж׶رǼбԴõһνһβĻԵ
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׶һ˿ǣ˷ƼƣʵȻδ¶ƴǾһԣֶΣµ󷨽Ͻ磬ܿᣬֻʱ䡣
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δԣλŸԵ죬ռ֮У׼۵ķסܣסһ󱼸·Ҫڹг
Ǻ֮أѾΪʥأˣﳬѣ˺ܶ࣬кµĵӰ죬ʱ࣬Ľۡ
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Ҳɻ󣬲֪λ𵽵ġ

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׶ҡͷ۹Ҳ͸ӦϽйأȴֲͬ͸żء
δڴˣ˼ϣλһѾ磬ǲ˼һĻ˰ҡͷƹˤûϣˡ

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ַǳڱظӦιӹҲû뵽İ취Ψһˡ͵֮ѾʧΨĺմӲ֪˼άĺӣ֪аء
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ӿУʱ죬ϷŴؿԴ׶б仯Ϣƺδ뵽ı仯

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𶯣λ룬˾·ԤʾδϣʹͷҲ޷ʧȥһ죬ڤڤеһƺоϣֻŪѡ
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׶ૣԶԺУ޷ǣ·϶һʹΪԼΪˡ䣡
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׶·һ㣬һ̣õ˵Ͽɣû˿١
ĳһ̣׶۾û⣬ֻƽˮ䣬ܣһۿ͸һжɨС
ԭһУͻȻޱףУûκεܣ͸һС
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̾һصѾɢȥͬʱ׶һصϢ׻㣬·ٻһ㡣
׶δᣬǳſͷƣ磬Щδսȥȫ룬Գأ·һ㣬֮ƹһУ߸ϡ
У׶磬һУı׶磬һһС
ҪѣΨһ·֤ԽأΨнϴƱϿɣӶѣ
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࣬˺ܶ࣬컹ǵİһӱȥִ׶ǵϣ
׶Ȼɢһɹ⣬ԡϽɫһبأϽɫ֣󻯳һϽɫսװ׶ϣǺƣ׶õ
һâҫ׶սףװϣʱָ죬ʱһһϵкȳ
׶ڴ˽죬أΨмֻΪ飡
䣡
仰һ䣬иУ׶񣬷·֮ŭһ㣬ƣȸղ췣ƺҪ֮һ㡣
׶ȴδᣬ䣬ء

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ſϵ磬ѾԳһȣһԪĳΣ׶ƿ֮أӵоԵƿͬ߸ϣ֮һ㡣
Ψһѵİ취ǽ˵֮߶̣֮Դ˳
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Ԫѣ˵룬֪Ͷǰ͵ķۣڻĳѣ˰ֻ˻صı仯һԾǨ
ѱ˰䣬ֻأǴؼŸߵڽܲϽǰΰȴԳͨļԪ
ͬһ㣬ҲҲеȼ֣֮͵ȵľ󷨿ռ䣬ȶռСʱ𣬹ҲΪ򵥣һЩ˶סαС磬̹żԪУﵽʥ򾳽ǿܹ߱ΪȶС磬ΧȻȴ󷨵ǿ̫ࡣ
ͬ׼ң½С磬׼ҵǣڼܵܡ
αλ棬̹ͬŴ½һλ棬ȶֵܹԿռеĻ֮ѾݻһƣĽҲȶ
λ֮ϣ磬ռȶԳһ磬ɸǿߣ磬粻аǾۼˣĲΣع˼Ԫֻصơ
̹żԪ磬Ԫϵ磬һּ壬ҲԾǨƣδȻܹΪϽֺΰ磬ԽϽҲǲܡ
粻ȴû֪׺βǽޣͬû֪վʲôһĵ
ף˶ڻȻγ̫֪࣬䣬֪ǿɢջǳˣֵõģˮѪ˻ر
л㣬׻ʣ
ΪݺᣬԸʵ֣Ĳ֪˵ʲô׶֣һɸĸм·ĸһ㡣
ڹԣص׶пϾĴڣʹǳΪ׶еһԱ˿Թԡ
ҡҡͷ׶ļʹ࣬Ͼڵϴ龰ܹΣѣһҸ
Ҳˣ׶΢΢οһ뿪
ԾǨкܶҪԭⲻ׶֮Ѿ̹żԪϢϢأͣͽ룬̹żԪƺ׶һصϵ
׶ñԴ̹֮ԾǨ֮󣬱Դ֮մȾϢ׶ңӦƺӡһΪ׶һƬ
ѵǴسѵĺôõһϿɣƹһ磿ϽҲйڴ½糬ѵϢᵽһ㣬û֤ʵϾϽ֮ûسѡ
ǳϽ磬ȻʵǿҲ޷õ½صϿɡ
뷨׶ʼعͨûһ˿ϰӹأԴ֮һǣǲߣȴԡ˴ƺһȴһУֻһּ򵥵ǡ
϶׶Ǹף׶Ϣ׽Ŷ׶˶ˡ
ȻЩȣ׶ǵľѾߣ볬Ѿ磬ʵǿȴǿߣ۹ȻߣĿϽ磬ͬħһǿս챾𣬻ǿŴ󷧡
ЩڶĿǰ׶ԣǿɼĴڡ
񣬴ûг֣ʲôԱʶ˽⣬˲ڼįԲΪһѹƶᲩȡһ˿뱾ƿأûг֣ȥ
׶ɻƿغѲһϢû˿֣춼ûϢˡ
񣬺׶һս챾ķλǿı½֣Բ򵥣Ҳһµˣ֪ʲôԿ϶Ϊƴ
ʱһɹ֮ӳ׶ϣÿһϣָоʤƿ̹żԪ磬Ͼÿһ綼ϵ顣

׶ϢͽǷĵλ֮ϵ飬
֮ȣ׶ܹڵı仯е֮׻֮Уķһصı仯һʥϢ
׻ʵȱʣɢȥ׶ͽ΢΢Ӧͣ˿
׶ܹı仯ѾԳһ磬ڶǣÿһж׶ַķ
Ѿû𣬷һԪĳΣ˿ڸϸ׶ʵԽԽǿܴﵽϽĲΣҪ׶ӵа˵ʵ
Ŀǰ˵Ļ̫Զ
һʥأ׶ͳߵͬʱȨ
׶ļ֪Щк°ţкܸߵĵλϾ׻ʵĸ
׶λ֮ϣĿɨ£֮ڶַ飬׻ʵ׼ҵǿߣ׶ʵҲõôǿȽ˳Ѿ磬ͬ׼Ҽֻ̤Ѿ硣
̹żԪѾѣӭһȻܳΪϽֲΣٻ೬ǿߣδһ
׶Ļ𾪣Ȼı仯뵽ᵽǿԭǿɼ׶ȴ˵δ೬ǿߣû˲ţеֻ𾪻˼
׶ŵʴ쳬ͼֻأõˣδ̹żԪ綼ʣˣҪһµ򡣡
˺΢΢٣ѾʶʲôµҪµƿߣ׶Ҫ׷ߵľ磬ȻƹҪе飬Ǵ׶ںʲ
ʵϣ׶˼࣬Թ𾴣һȺɸˣǸһȺˣһֻΪ쳬ѣҵ̫಻ˡ飬ˡ
Ϊ֪նɱǿߣŪûаһԳѾ˶ûУΪäĿһѡ
׶ƿ죬ȻǷΣԾǨһҲǿµһԪԪǡ
Ὠģ̹żԪģִ죬ҲҪأ֤صת׶
ּ⣡ͷ
һ˷ܣȻ飬׶΢ĩдǿߣǿ˹пҲִƹ׻ʵѣִأǺεȵҫкǾϲ
һϵҫ
ҵļԪκƻһ֣նɱ׶ָ˵ͷǶִưЩΪϤ
Щ飬׶ʼ׼ѹҪϽ磬յ̨ң̹׷λػ뿪Ǻ׶Ҳܹϵһ

ʮ ɱ

Ͻģǿ֣ˮ쳣֮ǿ߲ѾֻͨСϺףֵһᣬΨдﵽ𾳽ʸưһ򣬲ϽﵽӦеĵλء
ڴгʵ֮ǿ޷󣬾ͶӵĪܣӰתı䷨
̫ϡ٣ڴжǱһ
տյĹֻ׶һˣ˶ڣʱ׶гһͷҪں׻볬̣֮ʱżϾΪĪ⣬ʹйϵںһ⡣
Ϊ׻ˣ׶Ըһ׻оҵ𶯣Ҫɵͼ̣֮ǳУ׶һֱѹ׻ͷɳˡ
ʮһԴ֮׻ָ֮׶ܾȣԼƿС˫޵һֱ񣬲ûз
ʵ׻ṩİԽԽ󡣶֮ϣһصĿռ䣬ǵʮ׻׶һֱûȥƺдܡ
һӣһ׹ڴУɫԲ̣ɢһʥϢһ֣Ǵ󷨱ѹܹϯ
ԲתɫҫԲû˿覴ãѩȥһĳ嶯·ʥĴڡ
̣֮ǴҲǴӹ·еõյԴͷӦصļԪŵ˵Ͻ磬Ӧսһйأˣǣս챾ڲʲô֡
׶΢΢üԽԽľλصս챾һ֮Ͻƣ½粼֣֪״ʲôĿġ
Σ˾ıС
ڵ𶯣׶ûԥų׻ƴ׻һ֣Ͻɫâڣѹס̣֮ƾ֮ͣתȻѹġ
ͬʱϽɫâɫںϵļ߼ϢԽǢҪںϡ
׶ϸţ׻ı仯߼ڹͨԼԣȻԹͨ
Ƭ̣˲һɫâû׻֮Уʧ֮йâɢǹ˵ѹϢҲˣΨһƴСڿУһɹԻȦɢûС
׻ͣζȻĳ̣֮˵ںϣ䴫ϢͬͬԴͬһֱֻǲ֪ʲô飬ɢ׻볬̡֮
׻᲻ɴݣͼ֮Ҳˣܹôֽ⣬֪εȵΣա
ӦϽ磬֪Ƿս챾֮˵ս챾ʹõǹ״ıӦûйϵҲȫȻ񶨣ս챾ı֮Կ͸ġ׶üͷ
ô飬Ȼ׶λޱȵս챾һֽܵأ˿⡣
âͣҫôһֱȥ֮ã׻ͣ
ôʱ䣬Ȼ׶ҲЩƣˣúùһ磬ʱ䵽Ҳܿ죬ʱ׻һâɢȥָԭӣϽɫвʱһ˿˿ɫ·Ȼâø񿥡
ԽԽ֤ء
ǡ׶΢΢𾪣ʶ̽Уı˫ޣʹɳָ̣֮ԭӣƿ
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׶һ۾ԲԾ׻дһϢ׶ΪҲޱ𾪣֪ս챾֮һ㡣
ɳ̣֮׻ԾһηϸΪʵϷ췭ظı仯ֻǻָӣδı仯
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ĸֳ׶У΢΢ףĸѹ֮ʹϽ綼ûмȫڴУսһбôһų֮
һѽɫĳǹĪ⣬սһˣ޷ʹá
Ȼһ֮ϧʹ˳֮ȻûлָܣֽйؼĺĲ֪䡣
׶Щźﻹ״̬ʹˣʱ׻ҲȵĴڣӵĪܡ
ǿߣʹõǵֱﲻڲԳһ磬෨򣬶ıĴÿһо˵ܡ
֮ϣǺ֮ഫÿһ֮ɣҪˣǿʵ˲ܻá
׻˾˵ı仯ֵϢ׶ܸһĴڣ׻飬ɳ̣֮ںϣúɱָ࣬ȻԻ
ʹˣҲԷ׻ԶһϾûģΨкɱӵ飬ഫܣǵõĻᣬԻȥΪ飬׷֮ޡ
ɢһƹâڵʮУһƬտæҰ·һδٵء
Ǻɳʱӣأ׶·ػس֮ʱġ
һת׶гһɢϢСɼ׻ӣںУɢĺ֮׳ȻһٵĹâٶ̫죬޷
׻ֱըѣƬʧ뿪˺硣浽ֹͣ׶лָеľɢȥ׻ʮ硣
տյʲôûУȴһ֮أȻܹɢ֮׶𾪣֮ޱ󣬶ʿǵ𾳽ϵʿޱҪ𾳽磬Ҫ磬ֻ֮Ͻк֮ϡ٣Ψвĺ֮Щǿա
ʮ׻оȻܹĺ֮׶ȣȻܹ硣
УչֵΪԴķ쳣ףرǽϵ;ʿԷõƿšδУûз֮˵Ҳûд٣һѳ
˳磬׶𾪣Ľϡ
֮ȴػָƽƿ̹żԪ磬ʱǰϽ硣׶¶һ˿⣬һ
Ͻ磬ǲ̨ǿӦȥĵطȴȥ̽ˣϽǱҪȥġ
׶̹żԪ磬綼ڱ仯ԾǨ仯رôΪͬ࣬½׷׽ʥ򣬶ϽǴѳ֣硣
̫ˣѹƲڣ࣬ħԪʮһλӵе̳
Ѿˣ׼ҵ峤׶أ˻һöϵ׼峤ϲľ

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ʱһΣǰꡣ
ԣǰ׾Թ϶һ㣬û̫ĸоΪϲ˿ĽҪܳʱ䡣
̹żԪı仯ܴرˣףʿԽ߾磬˳ĻһЩ
ʱ䣬Ժܶ࣬ȴΪǼԪΪһΡ
ش䣬׻ʳѣֻ߳أǸıصĹԾߵľ硣
׻ͳ䣬ʥأоĴڡ̹żԪͳ׻ʵľסأ飬ƹع
׻оڣͽ
ǲͬ죬ǵļԪǿ̫ˣһףҵȿԽߵľ磬δлϽ硣
żԪǨ̹żԪ䣬ΪΪӴһ磬ΧԪǿ߶ܽȻѹһЩٶȸࡣ
Ͻ֮£֪ӵжټԪ磬ʤö٣⸽ֻ̹żԪ糬ѣ֪
ϧ׻Ѿˣ˵ǰϽ磬׷ߵľ磬̹żԪУһͬǰĽǣ׻ʴţһϽ磬ܿܳΪߣ޷ȵġ
һ˵ҲǹڸһǿļԪ磬ʵʤ̹żԪ磬ϧ޷ֻأǻʱ䡣
Ͻ磬ģڣ֪Ҫǰȥ޵ʥأѾ̫ˡ
ߣףӵиĻԵڡ
׻ʵȺʹϽ磬ҲΪһ½Уܹسֻصֻȼˣ֣˻٣Щǵסǰĺ蹵һԽԾ
һҡҡͷһ˿𾴡
׶뿪Ͻ磬׼ңЩ׻ʵӣִ̹żԪ磬ˣ˼ɵЩŮӶǿʵλӣʵȺǵ֡

Ͻ磬׶һǰս챾ܾãк䣬û˿İ׶һƬɽ֮С
Ͻ֪׶ô󣬼ʹҲ޷̽Ѱصľͷս챾ȻǿڼҲһЩĵͼѣʹˣ׶Ѿ㹻ˡ
ɽ׶ǰУʱһӴĴ䣬֪̾ͷ
Ͻԣ⻹еȵĴ䣬ԶϽģ޷һĳǳءĹģԺɨ½һԪ磬ʵ֮ǿɼһߡ
ȷӣ￴һ䣬ʵһųεĳУдн׳ͳмûжһϣഫдһͬȣһλǿߣ䲻
׶̽һõһ׼ȷϢڴعڣλڴعԶϽġ
ع֮һڴػ彨ĹңǿرҲȷЩӣλع֪ζԴӽ½磬ûдϽ硣
عսлԼսȴڻսѩǴػҵĳ裬عȴս죬йϵܸӣ׶޷֪
½磬õСµİɹ񾳽磬С£Ǵعķ֮һǹϢ׶Ϥ
ǰǵһǻҪ·Ļҿ԰ֻҪһԪʯһģʮк˹ʵֻ磬½һǿߣֻͶ˵Ĵڡ
ԪʯϽĻң̹żԪеʯ洢Ԫ洦
׶΢΢ԥͷڻ岢δй䣬ϽڵĴʵ̫ˣҪúð
кǰһһСĿһ׶ʼ·ĻᲢ࣬ҪúðաһԪʯߵľ硣
ܴ󣬸һǳأȺи壬лɱޣһֻڹģڳɢʱǷһڷݣһ˾
Ͻܶ࣬磬׶Ȼû⣬кȴǰһʼ˵׶Ҳûдϣζ
칷壬˵ǻһ˫ֻû˼ڹߺкСĵ칷˵һֱԳΪռĿ꣬һֱϽΪЦ
׶ҡҡͷ⵹֪ģڹ뵽ȮƺҲгĳ嶯
ϽͣǼĴûܹͬ壬޷ԡ
ֻһ롣
ÿÿ
ǰһȺսףֳֳìıʿһ˹һʾ뿪ʿսײ͸һɱ׶Ŀսʿؿڣһ֣Щعսʿ
ʿһֱϽǿʿʵǿ󣬸ӵں󷨣ķ𾪡
ϴһȻͬʾæ뿪ΧȥһļʿĸʾعԼʼսҪԱģƺǰ衣
к͵ǰսңб񶼵Ǵˣһβ֪Ҫˣ
һĨˣȻʵк۵ģдսܷУڿսҪ˵ġ
׶𺳣ϽдսرǴĶԿСģսûкп֪һϯսǿȻҪʼļʿɼǰȷʵԽ
һУ׶û뵽ģϽڲƽ
սһ㲻ǲǰȥҲ˵սʱûʲôܡ׶Щԥ֪ԼӦӦǰȥعĹϸŮս챾йϵ
׶Ŀǰɵ˱λս챾
߰ɣһס׶
кͷ漴뵽ԪʯˣĿǰҪľ硣Ŵ·ǰһҾ¥ͣ׶ʹĸһʯк˷ܵ뿪ˣ׶Ҫ
ϽĿջһֿռ䷨ãÿ䶼кܴͬһСԺһ㣬׶ѡһ䣬ʮһԪʯǲ
Ͻ緢սӦ̹һйأ˶Ҳ˵ս̫ˣòùȷô롣
ҲбԭҲδս֮ܣս淢һЩñҲսңᱦѣз
ս챾䲻ʵǿԱľĶ֣õİ취Īڵõعİӵбļ䣬ʵټ򵥲ֻҪӵǿʵδ뱾ۣ
׶⣬ǰعѰعҪӴԴĿǰԣֻдŮܹ
ңطսңһʵĺûᣬ׶սõİ취

ʮ Ů

һϯս죬׶ϣ漰ӡ룬֣û˿ء
ֹһλ֣˲ˣƿսҵĻϽһν뺱ս׶Σ䡣
ΪʲôôģսӦ漰һЩ棬ΨһìͷӦ飬ֻĶЩ˲һг֡׶΢عڴڼлУ᧿ΣˣʵϽսƺûѵƣ²ô򵥡
Ͻƣϱ仯׶һЩìͷȴ֪٣޷жϵ׷ʲô
˼һǰعλܹΨλԣǰϽ磬һҪȥعƺ״ôáķӦд
׶ֱǰС
һ·սĺۼʱСģսҵʿһЩŵĵϵ֣û˿أѪֹ׶ü˫ƺޣһ㡣
Ͻٷķ˴顣
ǿ߶ƵƵɳ׷ʲôѲз飬沢δһοãӦ޹ء׶üǽһ·ս
ʵڣдǰߣ׶Ѿˣ޷عĶ֮С
׶һΰǳ⣬ȥоһ˵Ϣӳǳд·һͷ޺ɢһ׺Ϣ𶯡
ǴعĶǣͬ죬ͨ嶼죬һǳײǿߡ׶а̾һ
عǣ׶ӡս½ʱûдã˼ҵıһȷѪꡣ׶һۼعи̾
׶ǣʱعĴϣſϰپ׳սʿػһɫף·һȺսһˣΪ׵ľȻһλ۷ǿߣʱ̤𾳽磬ҲΨдعʵֱۡ
һλҪ𾳽ǿţ
ʿ׶ϱɨһȦͷʾ׶ȥعһֽϵ״̬׶û⣬һ·̫ļ飬ֻҪû⹦Ϣʿ
ΨЩĵӣǱ֣ʿ̽£ѺжصֶΣԷֱԷݡ
׶Ĺ׻ʾսһ幦ЩƣȴҲͬʿδ֣׶Խعǡ
ﳵˮΪͷʮ磬ϡ֮ڴ˶ҵعһأۼڶǿˣʿƷʥأʹʱڣҲ˷
ף
ͻȻ׶üͷһ壬һ˿⣬Ͻɫ׻ڰп̽׻۷֡
׶ɫǰ
ųǼͬһӴһ㣬׶ֻǣлڳǣڳ֮ǻʳǣػסУعҲסڻʹ֮УҪһֽš
ڸţ
׶üͷԭΪС֮ͽЩԣԷһֱţû˿˼׶˳Ŵ·һܣֱӽһջУջ۸ܹ׶ʹͳʮԪʯӵһͼһľסȨ
عشﲩʮָУҲǺܸߵġ
飡
׶ϣոս뷿Ƭ̣ſڱ㴫͸׻ԼɼſһŮӵӣһΣȶˣ׶΢΢ɣû뵽һֱԼһŮӡ
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Ÿմ򿪣һȫװŮ˽û׶ֱӽ뷿ڡɫװ͸һȫɢһλ߲еϣòϸʱü׶һ˿ŭ
飡
׶ŹϣۿλŮӣŮʵǿǴǿߣʵ׶֮ϡһİ׶ϲ½õִ֮ͳԪ磬顣
˱һ·㵽˭˵ͱˣ׶ԵԴǿߣȻбʤİա
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׶һ㶣ǰŮƺعйءħͷսյĴºţߴ½նɱǿ߲һЩϷΪħͷ
ǹԵˣ׶Щȷʵ
Ůһŭ𣬲ҷԱǴӦˡ׶΢΢һ㶣û뵽ȻڵԼһһڶԷĿС
ƺ׶ĵǣǲ֪ģ̽䣬ҪѣһѾĲڴعߣΪǴħͷɣǹڰлӣͱɱˡ
عʱޱȻңĸֶУΨһЩǿĳǳزŰȫһЩطǿϮɱ׶һ·ϲδϵǿߣȻһ棬ƺҲλгֵԵʡ
߰ɣҪ㣡
һɫװŮǰ·򿪷˳ȥ׶΢΢ԥں󷽣ĶԷʲôı
һ·ϣλŮ·гһɫƣͨʹ֮У׶һνʹʹսҲδصĻʹ
ûʲ˵ػʹɽһǣȥ·ɫ֮УɫϢӿ¥һɹǿ˵Ϣ׶еļ£ɣÿһһλĲǿ򣬲Ȼˡ
ص۹Ȼͬ죬ΧĹǺܵв֪һ󣡡׶𺳡
λŮĴ£һ·ͨסĵطһ·ϣ˶λŮʩһλҲ¶һ˿׶΢΢죬ŮӵʲôͷһŮ
Ĺһ˿һЩֲͣ滨ݣ·뻨ĺһ㣬硣
ֻйһˣԼȥɣŮһԵ뿪ſλá
ƿţ׶Уһ㴫һ𣬸һͨɣȥյڿտյûйĴڡ
ȻǹȴһŮӵĹ뷿㣬Χɫ׶Щԥ
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ΪķһңһսֻɱʲܳΪΨһĸ壬Ҿңκ˵ķ
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׶𺳣δȥֿſ׼Ѫϴ񣬽Ѫе
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׶δ˿ԥɽڣ廯âû뱾Уʼܷɹ֪Ϊôˣʧܡ
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һ뱾׶̾Լ·һؾذ㣬ʲôûУһƬ·δ֮ʱɵϢ壬ʴ׶ԾУûС
һĻĻͯĿ֣Ĵսݺᣬս밮飬ͻơϤļ䣬ˮ׶г֡
Щսļ䣬׶Ҫס𣬳Ϊµս죬ҪһУٸսһУļ䣬޷ɹֻڼ佻УΪһſڿնʶʬһ㡣

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һĻĻ̻Уû˿ĲӦֻʧˣԼ׶λϽս졣
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׶૵һ˿ã
ȻռУ޷԰Σೡ׶ĵ׵ļ䣬һһغϣʧС
ȥʧȥңʧȥһУΪΨһս죬׶ʧããؼ䣬Ϊȥѡ
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ʱг䣬¶ģصģ࣬ÿһμ䶼׶йأ׶ֻǧγˣÿһζ׶һ룬塣
׶΢΢һ٣һعâûգû˿ۼ·籾Դһ㡣׻ҲʧظƽҲɢȥ
һ̣ɽԭɵ׶ȴ¶һ˿֮ɫۣƣսļ̫ӴȫܣֻܳΪµս죬ʧȥңΨһĻᣬֻдƶ
ս죬ǿϽڶඥ֮һʵǿޱӴ󣬳ܣ׶ʵȫܣ֪Ǳ壬ǱսͬΪµս죬ʧȥҡ
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׶һʱΧһ󣬿ռ΢΢һϽɫ磬࣬Ϣ׻׶̧ͷ·𿴵Լͷһѹķһ㣬ʱ׻ܣѹķ
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׶ЩţģĽɫӰϤǹɲ죬أҵս⣬ؼΨһˣ类Ϊ治Լȴһ·Уûһȴ
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һеԴͷԼŮΪʵۣΪ˸ʲôԴذգڡ
磬սԻɱսһ壬ǶԺ̫̰֮ʱҴرʸ֮İ
ϡ뵽һε֪˶ˣԴعʵҲ˲أࡣ
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үүһȻ꣬䲻ǽмϽɫţүү֪Թʵ
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΢΢ɣ˵ͷ
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УֻϽɫĽȻһ飬һѪȵһ㣬͵Ľλ̫£ƺڻھ׽
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һƬɫĿռ䣬Գأ׶ĪǰɰĽɫ·һ㣬׶ûܵ˿Ϣɢְѹ֡

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ȻǺ֮ӵеܲ׻׶̾һ
СѣȻ˽ܣȵ껹ҪѾ׷Ϸˡһλߣһɫۣ뷢԰ף¶һ˿Цݡ
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ߵͷҲ׶ԭ֮һ׶ϵãʹҲֻ֡

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æֹ̧֣󷽵ĵӣŭħͷԷʵȻԹ档
Ůôˣ۾һǰ
Թ˵ɴ۾û뵽ֹϵֲõĸоƺ뻢ˡ
ʲôʱģ⡭صҲ׷ɱս񻹡Թͷĸо
׶˵Թˣұ
ع׶Ѿķзع˶֪ûзԣܶ˴ΪͬǿǴص¡
һЩϷ׷޳ɣ޲л񣬽׶ػ壬ڲᵱ֮¡
飬ҲйܰΪ׶ô࣬ЩȻһʹ׶Ҳû⣬սһУս죬ȻҪܴܰء
ߣԹߵͺһ˷׷׸ϣǿɲԸһᣬоȫ䡣
׶·һɽѹϣѣҪ˵ˣһ̶
ôˣ׶ǰס뿪·
ԹǴн飬Уôˣ׶ɫһ䣬Щ֡
ԹһЩϾһλǿߣؼ䶼ûж٣ҲΨԹʼܹԿǲ̫ˡ
˷׷Թߣͳ㵽ҪʲôҪɱҪУһʹ컰
ѾԤеղˣعѾ׶׶ĳȻ޷ǴãһȺ˶Ҫڴˡ
׶ҡҡͷôڣôֻɶ
һ͵ЦȴΪ׶Ĵָ׶ҲԽ⡣ɨһԹˣЦ
ʱ粻һԹҲǱ
ˣȻǲԸ£Ҳǿ߰ɣ׶ͻȻЩĪ
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ߣ
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׶Ŀ䣬գͻȻڵһ£ˡ
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׶һƬУʱ磬ĴããȴнɫӰǰ׶ǰԹʼ棿
ƣ׶ҪǿһЩһϤĻӦñλԹʼ棬Ҳ̳
Ǳʣ
ɫӰȻ
ǵһ׶ǰƻʣ

ʮ 

Թʼ棬Ҳһʵǿ׶֮ϣɨһ׶һ˿ɱ
ϧʱˣͬ𾳽磬޷նɱ׶ǹ˼׶еı˭ʤ˭Ҳ֪Ǽĺܡ
ɿһԹʼսСѣ֮ЩᣬϽƽҶôƽϣοҵûҪΪС¶ŭֻǵĹ
׶ЦһԹʼ浹Ǻƣϧ׶ԭս챾
²ף׶ҡҡͷɫ
ԹʼкͲףСѾ˵ԹشﲩвٺöСѾܿڡ
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Թʼдŭ̫ӿնĺ󱲣˫δ˵ܹΪһ׶ɱˣȴҪǸ̫
ս죬ЩԹϵˣÿʲӦ֪ʼ
׶ȴϵЩǶʲôöûУѶ֪عֻ꣬ȼλѣҲѣͨΪ𣬳룡
׶ĻԹʼߵĻ˻ȥòϣȷˡ
׶˵̫ӣϽ̫ӼһҲδܳɹɱ˱ɱˣһǣԹ˽ܵ飬Ų
Թʼɫ粻׶ôһ̫ӣǿţӵдˡ
¡ˣȻˣǷ̸̸ˡԹʼѹͷŭ
ݣʱҲ뵽׶ʵ䱳Ĵأս̬ȲһҪ£׶ʹҲҪΪˣο׶սһصԿס
ףͷʹĺܣ׼һЩ񣬱һʲôûҵͷʹĺܣ׶ͷ΢΢һʹӡ
ԹʼĲѪҪƤͷʹҲôɰɡ
ս죬㲻Ҫ̫ԹҲǴ֮һݲΣգԹʼһڴ
׶ȥһɫӡ·ѹסشһ㣬һĪѹӡнɫڰڶȻɣɢӡײԼм֣ȴ޷塣
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׶һ϶Ƽ˱Ҫ֣Թĺ֮Ҳıѹķ
ұûк֮
ЦһȷɢһϽɫϢڱΰգǹϢѹ˻ȥ£Խͳ׶ͷϳһϽɫӣ͹âĴɢȴһɹɴʹ
ȻôûʵȻӣôܣԹʼһɣ粻ȴ𺳡
ֻǵʱ׻Ȼûô꣬𺳣Ҫ֪ӡûӶ١
֮ɣÿһ˿Ϊѵã֪׻Ϊνôƺӡ֮ϡ

ʱһдԹʼɫһ䣬ЩҧãøأϷסˡ
ͷ׶ƽϷˣͷ͹ȥʲôһ˵ˣ
׶һЦÿһͬѰϽѾΨִУ΢΢ŵȱһЩĲʣԹʼܹһЩ
ߣ
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ʵӲ׶棬˶кɱıǳ֣Σ
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ع߽΢΢ԥ׶սˣϣ㣡
׶ͷ˭
ҧҧعܵͣǡ㸸ף
׶޹ȴһΰӰûһǿҵŭս챾µλкܶԹ
عҲԸ׶ĸף̫ˣ˸֮飬ΪһС
ҡҡͷع˳ȥĵĸ׳Լµɡ
׶޹лصһĻĻսļ䣬̹ģ΢΢ҡͷ૵һӣ׶ս죬ֻһףװԣλս峤
׶˵Ϊ׼ҵķװԲ벻ɲμʥսҲҪȫ׶еĵλһ˸ӦģӣΪһӦġ
ʱҴңع֣һصĿռУȴܶࡣ
ֻȼˣʮÿһȥȴ𾪣ЩϽ綥ǿߣܹ𾳽ʵÿһλǳ
ʼʺǺһЦʱ꣬ϼһлףս졣
ˣȻҪȿڡ΢΢һЦΨԹɫһһˣҲδ˵һɫӣ˫ѷı˫˱սһ档
ʼҲ⣬ܵ˴δҾף޷飬ԿױսС
˶֪Կȣ׶ʤ𾪣ǵӣӵкһĵλ
׶ɨһܣԿױ
ʱһЩϹ׷·ţòıԴ˯꣬ȴӵƽ˵ʸȻΪ׶Ҳ̲סмεȵĴ
ʣ㣬мˣ
ٺ٣ǲֲͷҪƤȴ׷ɱ㣬ȻһߺٺһЦ
ߣ
Թʼһû˵ЩԹԹʼͻˣ̫ͬࡣ
սͻȻˣΪһЩСȥʲô˼Ǻú֮¡
˳ĬǺҲڶԡ׶аȻսʵһս˫ѹ˴
ϵ棬ϧսвӣû棬˵һμ棬ȴͬİ·
ԣ£شٵҵȲܳ߾磬ϽҪ顣
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ʼʵĴŶʲô˵ʲôʲôѵϽ綼սһ
׶ŵǧõҪǾȡֻûã

ʮ 

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ǻˣһ飬ڼûжʱˣ㣬Ǵõʱδ
˰ʼ
飬أȴн񾳽ܣǹഫЩ档
˵ǻ㵽Ԥ֪ʲôûˣ˵ɣҵ㣬Ҳһԣ˵ҵ汲µĵط
ǻĬûлشףûʡ
ˣȻˣǱԼһʱ飬սȥͻƵĻһЩʼʵ
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ºһȺ뿪Ͻ磬Ǹ档
Ͻ磬ҲƽʵʼսפԭĽ

ʮ 

һȺ͵͵뿪ػʹǰڣＫΪ֪ܣڹ죬λڱ仯֪Ψдﵽ𾳽ܸ֪λãҲ˲֮
飬׺ʱ֣Ϊλ֣ʹûҵ𰸣Ҳδ֮һ
ʼʰԴ֪׶һЩ飬׶սлȡϢЩ޾µ࣬ܶظ֪
׶ͷ
λ˵ҲԣһǰҲ֪ʱЩǱţݵսҲһ˶С
ˣ
һ޴ҰҪƬûһԶԶűܸеΣëȻٽһЩ»ᱻǹû
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׶Ծ̾һȻڼмһĻȴϲ侳־֣شǿߣ֮أ֮Ȼ鴫
ʯҵŲ׶Ӽе֪ЩʯǽΨһ·Ψʯֿܵε֮ʯǰУΨһ·
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սĿɨ׶һۣԱ뿪ˡ
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߰ɣﵹһõطû̽ϴ̫æûжʱ䣬˴εܺú̽һ
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ϻؿһֻ澫û棬ʱ仹ûȥ֪ʲôʼʻֻ澫鴦ڰ벽ľ磬֪ΪûͻƣϢ̫Ź֡
Ҳ飬ټߴ׶һ˰ľû飬οֻ澫顣
߰ɣ
˷ɹȥԽ䱸¶ȼߣڷڣЩܣȻܳĵطôƽ¶ȱĿֲˡ

ԻɫͻȻըѿһźɫƣ˴󾪣⧲±ɫ֣ӷ̣ɫϢûڣƾֹҲûЧ
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׶ߵͷ
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׶ɨһߣΧһɫĹâǼ֮ӦЩϵó
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׻һӽ׶ʩչһϽɫǹ棬ɫûʼ߶һۣҲɫУɱ䡣ΨķȻ澫Χûһ·
ûκһȭȭӳ׶ݻǿȭͷȭһϮ˵Ľÿһһ

ʮ 

׶ɱɫУ澫ΧܣΨɱвһ˿Ȼ澫ڱǽΣˣк֮Ҳߵʱ
Ͻ磬ΪԭûС
ɱ
׶гĮδ˿𾪣ĳΣ׻֮Ǿɱɾ𣬺ξĳ档
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·ֿռ䣬ʮ֡
ɱ
׻ɢһâըѣ𣬴ݿһ㽫һ澫飬ûһ֮Уɢɱ׶Щ澫һ˿£Ǵδֵ顣
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ΣľƺΪ׶ıƽ⡣
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ȴʲôʲôһһǵıԴָŮЦг˵ǰ
һɫĳȹװʩü죬Ե죬һһŸȻ󡣲΢΢٣ѹ궯Ļ棬һԵĳ嶯޲ýŮѹ¡
ŮĿڼϣս棬һ˿΢΢𾪡
ôѪ½粻ͬ졣
սѪΪڽһɽѪ񾳽硣ôǿս⣬սǼһĺɣ
һﵹǷ²ٺᣡ
ɫһ䣬ս棬ҫıȵѪһλ裬ȴ޿κΡ
ɣǵıԴҵ
Ůֱ֣ӽһλץУ΢΢һ󣬺̱һŷĩûŮڣ¶һ˿ܵӣɫΪ
ȴһ̫ǿˣ
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սߺһŽɫĳìɱ˹ȥ޴սӰԻݺײ˹ȥܷҲƺҪըѿ
ҲһٶȲֻȼӵк֮Ͼ̫֮󣬲ÿһӵеġ
ʱУҲÿһк֮

Ůͷ⽿ĵģȴһ飬һħͷûлȥ̽ħͷ˴δ˿̣ΨɱħͷĻᡣ
䣡
ŮӵһֱϷһɫĹââ֮ײȻһ£û˿ˣ֮ȴɶء
ôܣ
˵ɴ۾֮ǿı֤ҲδŮǰһҲûС
ƾҲʹú֮޷߶ʮ֮һеĺֻ֮ǰƷûע룬֮һƷֻܵһظıԴѡ
꣡
һץһλ䣬˱ɣһĻ˵޷Կ
𵨺ˣƴ룬˱ԶȥƴΧĻȦΨս沢δ֣Ůȴ³һ䣬ȻеһУ٣һλ鸴գش٣ֻҪ񣬱ܹλΪ飬ô꣬ڵȵˣɱ㣬һжֵã
սĻˣŮҲԾ֪λսҺԼô˵ѲҲ֮ѵ֮ҲòֵǮ

ڰʮ 

˴ʧɫƴ룬Ҫ뿪
һأԶ鸴˶Ķ֣һֻ·һ
УȥȦ̫죬һ
һĻдһûϣ
׶ңңעҲһɱЩǾأֻܳΪ˼ҵʳǱ
ʱҲҲٿҪһ׼Ҳˣ
׶һ˿
תսŮսȻ˴˾ƣʱҪ⽫һս
䣡
սӶɫȭͷݺݴ̮ռ𶯣Ҫ򡣽ɫѪӿͬ·
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ŮῪڣȴһЦĿ£ոѡ
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гһѺɫȨȣһգһبŷȨоԡ棬һɳĻ˴ȨзɳдſˣŮһ˿ʥ׹⡣
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սҲЩԹнս棬սһ塣
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ͨεһˮǣ򱻺ˮǣΨһСٻʢÿһ䶼֡
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Ů֣׶ֲøоԽأδ˵סѩ˴ӵźӲ֪ܹá

ڰʮ 

Ͻ絽ʱ̣ı仯׶λǿ߼ɵĴڣһ֮ӵͬսľǿߡ
ŮоᣬԽ̾Ūˣһ½磬ʹǿҲҪи޶ȣȴȰǿߣǰ֮Ľ
սǽţ׶ĺᣬʵ쳣ǿ˼Ħ׶վŮһԣʧܵĻشٵĳҲУǵѵ򲻻
һֺ׶Ǹ뷨ϧҲ׶

˼ɵ׶ʱȴһ֣̹ʧλڵռкܴƪľǿߣһųƵ棬һųƿʼ棬ʧҪͬʱʧĻһöصľˡ
̹ľӪľˣкдܡ
ܣĪڳ񣬸ԴԶʱᣬӦʲô׶΢΢˼
ĻŮս໥Լ׶ǲġ
Ҫһ˵ģ
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޾գǿռشͻȻһɫ϶˺ΧռĪֹͣԶɢ
׶һϽɫ˳Ŷľڣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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׶һ̤ɢһɹɲ뾧УϢû룬𾳽ǿߣѾֽļ
½绹׶һɹϤʱ򣬻İ
ܸĺĻӭ磬׶һС
һȥ·ǧʱ䶼׶̾һô꣬仯Ȼ󰡣
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ǵĻ磬һ˿˿ϢڳжԪأƵǰԪصų⣬ʹˣ˵Ȼǻߵʥء
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λ˵̹ڴбŹģ̹͵Ϣ׶
΢΢ͷ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʱȻЦЩ㵡

ڰʮ 

Ŀӿһ˿ǻ۹âƺ쵽ʲôδ
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׶ԵͷŮĮ飬ɱϣϱܼʥģ߸ϣʳ˼̻˽һС
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ұߣ
΢΢ɣ˸ս뿪Ͻ磬ս滹кܴϡ

ڰʮ 

죡
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׶ɨһˣʥ緢ʣʱھһܹ˴δ٣δĻ󡣡
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׻ƺΪأӦòǺܹԦģ׶аԾ׻ţԤϣ׻ȻԽ֮ļ
ղԼһϤǾ׶״׻Īϵδȫӡ
Ҳֻ׻ָȫʱӡ

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׶ٶȷɿ죬û߸ƲС
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׶Ŀ¶һ˿Զһģɢ˼¶Ϣڼ顣
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΢΢ϢȻƣ룬ȴһ˿ϲȻ˺ܶˣɱ˶ħǺĹ͡
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ôܣܣ˹ૣһĻϵˣһ˿ԹޣΪʥǳϣʥǿıȴ֪Ǿյı

һ֮أһƬʣȴ͸һɹʥϢ׶ܽɫ֮д𣬸ڵĳʼ
۴˵Ҫȳ񾳽磬ھŸ𶯣Ѿؼʱ̣ǲͻƣ˱塣
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˱ڶ೤ϸǽҪƣǶħ̫ǿˣϢսԲС
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