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֮֮顣
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һ ̤


001 Ե
ϼǧ
ƮȻ䣬Ůеķ棬Ů׶üһ⣬ǳȻ֮ơ
˭ׯׯһ국Ȼ
㳡ϣׯ˾ۼڴˣȣһν˶ǰһ־ɳԪ
΢΢ͷׯҵҵػڤɽԼͽ֮ʱʺõһߡ
ҵ
Ԫһϲɫ¶״󺰣ׯʮϣʮºͯվɳԡ
䣬㳡ˢ߳ʮͯйоأӽϴĺͯ۹ֱ꣬һ಻סӡ
ԼҺػڤɽ̤ΪΣΪÿ꣬Ҵͽ
ǴѳʮˣЩ˽Ƿͨ죬ҲҴ壬ΪԲ˸ǵĴ塣
ʮͯĿ˸ӼͦСĶĿȾЩͯɣһʶ
նУɽǺεȵ䣬߿Գϡ
ɣ˵룡
ڼʮͯĩβһкؽҧţкʮ꣬üĿ㣬ƺܽţСϣĿȴᶨƣ
һҪɣ
ɣΪ˴˷ΪΪ˳ϣкɣΪκѵۼ
ϸ˵кĸ׵ׯպĲŮȻʮ֮꣬ˣ͵֣δУͷڴ治֮¡
ĸͶԾʣΪ
ͷͺͷˣʱϹۣׯѹ¿꣬ͽ˸ˣϾׯһ衣
˿̣˹ַһͯͷϣâ˸ҡҡͷеȣԵǳϸ񡣡
ţһΣÿҡͷ֮ʱһͯ߳
ɣǻԵ
Ƭ̣ȭСʫ飬Ӧò
ţϸ񣡡һͯǰͣ£΢΢ͷ
ͯʱĿưɨЩѡĺͯɨڲԵĺͯⲻѡ
۽ǿȥ֪ǺͯׯĶӣӡ
ΣһŮͨԣൽԼֿʼ
ȵվǰʱһƬհףΨһͷǴס
һܱѡУᶨ뵽
ͷǰâůס⣬Ƭ̣Ļﴫ
ʺܲϸ񣡡
СһڼʮͯЦУʬ߳ߣ첻Ǽǻ
ãʮֻ֮ͯͨͯӰ㣬ưĿˣʣѡģԻصС
ѵмʵ¼ͽͨļʺܵͣн˿ɹˣЩͯȻ䣬ڴ󱯡
ׯڤɽ֮ѵҹҵȽȥ̷ӡ󷨡Щͯ׼һһ뿪국
Ԫֻ
ڤɽ˰Ⱥɽ룬ׯɽˮҲֻΧɽڶ࣬˵ӡصĶÿ꣬ھͻеǰӡ
ֱ񷣬˲ʧ
ˣƴ½Ե߲࣬ׯҫ

У˰ڴϣָɿǻԵÿֻͨǼѣ㲻̫黳
ѣ֪ˡ˵ͷ
СѴδԼӣؼԸ˵ϣ֪ѵ֮꣬ʣµҲˡ
űƿһ롣
㣬ӹǺЩ˰ɣţµʳҾͷˡ˵˱߽һʳ¡
΢΢мׯ鷳ˣʮ㣬¼Ҳ֪δȥ
Ԫ˵˼䣬裬Ŀ΢΢ᷳĸ壬ϻСԪһУͻð㡣
˭֪Ȱ֮ˣҪ˷곡Ϸֺ֮ززÿԪʱһüĿ㣬дĸ׵Ӱӣִ˵Ӱӡ
ȳȥɣ˵䡣Ԫ
һ߳ݣۣСĺܶ࣬ɱһ㣬죬Զǽۼѹͷ
Ϧ£㳡ʱһȺͯۼǣȿʱΪһͯЦһҰ֣û뵽Ҳμ˲ԣԲ
ţӸ磬Ǹ˾ǸҰ֣ҪǱˣǾۡһŮŮ֮࣬ͨͯһ
ǵȻСͷԵģ˻˵ˣģǻ
⡭
ͨģຢͯ°㣬һ¶š
ڹ㳡ߣյůǵ䳰ȷ޶á
Ѿϰˣ
עʲôˣΪѵۼǡ
ںͯ費ŲʣҲˣΧԣ˵ϡŹ֮£ɫưΪׯ֮ӣвٻãڤɽļء
ڤɽü߷ӡħЩħΪǿǳˣ˼佫Ϳ̿Ѫɺӣ˲˸󷨣ڤɽħӡֻÿ꣬ҪӷһΡ
ħ
ԣںͯȻӺںͯ飬˵ͷֵϸϸ⣬ͻᷢڤɽΧâ࣬󷨱ԭ󷨱Ҳڤɽڲˣ˵Ųҩ
ôҽڤɽ𣿡
ںͯҡͷǾڤɽΧţʰ񣬵ľ˵߽ߡ
ӹЦҲң˽˾ͷմ󣬵ʱҲˡ
ں̸ͯţٰģؼҡ
ڴϣ迴ĸµ鼮һ̾˼ҵĺӣСиĸ۰ԼΨһ۰Լֻѡ
УһҪ뷨κۼСһͻȻ䣬˵ڤɽŲҩ
ѵۼͨҩβãҩЧҼǵǱ½Ѧμǡ˵ݽԣֻҪɼоУƵҩǵҩ٣̥֮Ч
ţȲɼЩݣȻҸɵҩβۼҲ٣ҹ˽ڤɽͷȥҲûᡣ
Ͻʰһ
Ǹᣬ˵Щã˷ѣ


002 ڤɽ
ڤɽܴΨɽׯ·˸֪ν룬裬СΧʰ񣬲ҰԸҲϤ
ڤɽһɽ£һɽⶴɲ⣬׷Ȼһâס£ٴν롣
ָоǶǾڤɽĽݾ
ɽʱǾ֮ʱɽ΢΢ļ£Ǻܿͱѹ£ѣһ롣
СԼȿ˵ᶨҲ˵ִһ϶£һף
У紵СĵĽѻס߱ܡ
ޣħԼһҪСģܲɼľͲɼܵľͷŹǰһҪ󷨷ӡĻˡ
ûãߵϴͣµĵط˿赲Ĺâʧ貢δͣ£ǰУ֪һԽâʽ
ڻѵҫ£ǴԼһʯͷ𼸸ϸϸȥʯͷɢں֮⣬ƺ䣬ɻʯͷǰС
ãɽռĻȻ󣬷ۿȥо
һսѪɺӣʬҰսϿգɱ죬ֳħ˴˽ս
ʲôط
ԵĳͷðϸȻʱǰһ䡣
һ磬֤Ż䣬û˵ϲֻһɲǡ
ٴһ䣡
ĺգãȻ޼ʣĴֻǵ˸ͣǹ⣬ֻǧǻУһĺƯţ
ʲôΣǰǹŹֺƬ̣ΧͽȻһ䣬ָɽ֮УĿɿڴĿܣĿǺϡ
ǰ߲֮ͭɫƴ󣬺Ͽ̻һʵ޻ͨ
ͭǣһϵģһǺϵģ轫ϸǴ򿪣߰ããһƬʲôҲ塣
ЩŹ֣˵˵ıһϲǰõʯ룬Ȼ֢״յǣʯӽмȻˡ
ЩʯϺõƺˡ
赹˰죬ëҲһòӵʱǰѤâһͭӹڲӣΣջȥ
ڴ±أһС£վڶڴĿɿڴ
ǰֱʣڿâ貣ɫΪ죬̣ɫ
·һŮϥŮӰʤѩ浭ּܷܷ䣬貵Ϲ󷨡
üͷ΢壬ȿ֮ʱиУΪ˳УӦþǷӡ֮
Сܶ࣬Թ뷨Ҳ࣬˳Сȥ
վŮٴĿɿڴǰһ޴Уħͷ겻ţٹޣƺӳС
ǰһȱڣϰٹϳУǰŮȱڣȷ֮ʱ΢΢һ
ׯĺͯ𣿿졪ʯۡ
Ů㺹죬дŽ֮⡣
һɨ۵ʯ飬Ŀб߰ϣԥƬ̣ʯʰŰȥ
ɽﺢӵĴӣޱǰһ±֪ùУǽͿ̿Ѫɺӣ
ھ밼ʮ֮ʱߴޣ躮սѣҧִļǰУͻȻ䣬ߴϤĺС
ǵҰ⣬Щ
￴㡪
ų磬̲סͷȥһʱС
СڣڷǰһһŮϽ˼˽Ŀ飬С

Υ֮ܰһڸĸػ´ڴڳš
Щȳ߳ˣҸƯϱ
С˵Щʲô
ŸĸĻůģǸĸҲиĸˣ˭˵Ұ֣

ҹ֮ʱڴϣлڻζ֮ܰУĸǺñӣĽ䣬Ϩƻ뿪
ͷ΢ЦⲻΣһжʵģ䣬оУȡº΢΢ɻ
ͭ
ⲻڤɽõ
ţȵȣڤɽ
ɫ䣬һ˲䣬糱ˮӿǸΣⲻģһִģ޸ĸǶǼٵġ
ģҲˡ
γѣСŭǸҰ֣ΨһҺõģֻѣ
ŭ֮£ΧسʱҧһһǰУ;УˮԼ䡣
ȻǸΣδ֮Ը
ŮĿһУоδˣǰǺͯ㶵֪ͯħħԹܸ̰֮֮ˣûзһС
ͨĺͯȴѹ
ò˵Ǹ漣
ʼȴޱȼᶨŮ΢΢ҡͷϳˣɵĻǰ;ϧˣ
վڰ۱ߣĿᶨʯ롣
ǿ罫ʮԶһɫâֱʣĵâϣʱߣķ
ǰɨ۹âǱ߹Цݡ

ѡ
ߴϤĺ˫ۻѣȻ˫۽ţܿɫĵǡ
ѣûˡһ
Ŀ⿴ȥŷһˣˣׯ
Сֵܣ˴Щ⣬ûҪһҴ²л㣡һ국ǵ
껰дл⣬ȻȴеĲ֮⣬Цϻǵ˵ͷ
ΪڿԳɾһҪ󡣡ɫĮҪﳤϴģˣҲ÷֪ΪɣԹ
˽Ա껰𾪣һɵҪ͵
ΣҪۼٵĵҩ
˻һڱüžׯԪݺݶ裬ѵõĻᣬȥɣΪ˵ҩǺϽǽ
üͷ΢壬Ҫҩ֮ˣʶȥٽԵȫƾһӲţеҩҲܲסӿ
ϲط򣬳ķһžת컯޲Ϊ˸ˡ
ҪУһ
ʲôǲ𣿲Ϊô򵥵¶
Ŀһһˣŭ⣬ʱѹס裬ɳǸӣҴǸҪ󣬾ɰɡ
ɨˣһʱ֣ڹ㳡ۺϣڲ򣡡ߣｻʰӡ
⼸ˣת뿪;УŮһۡ
裬ģѰˣʣµģͿĻԵˡ


003 
ɱţۣ
ƾʵ룬Ҽɶûأ
ߣҲãҰ־ͻᱻϳţ
㳡ϣׯָָ㣬ǲʣּۺ죬ǿñ˹ıã˻ׯ˿Ұ֣
ԣׯͯ˵δĿУҲǴŲм
޶ãСļЦҲԶޱȼᶨ˿̣һ˵һâ˸һӲӵĴ
˴źͯ׷̤ϣ꽻ɨ裬һܰţ˱ĸҪת컯ҪˣҲˣܱȵϾת컯
䣬䣬ֻˣգƬ̾ʧʡ
ɫ糣ֻСֲһգݱμУлᣬȻ౨
˵ԲᣬУǿˡ

ڣ֮һȻƴ½ֻǷ֧ɽţΰ֮ƣ˵ڣҪھǱΪĿģʮ̤ߣ
ʱĿɿڴ
һԴɾɽˮﻨ㡣ǰɽ壬ֱ塣
ɽ֮ϣƲƮ죬ˣһӺƴɽڴˣϷŽɫҡڡ
£˿ɽǰۼڶຢͯŮʮңСߣеĿ߰꣬ӴƺƸء
ڴ˵Ⱥһ˴ǲ국༸뿪
ӿڶຢͯԺǧͯӵɸֻмٸò˵֮Ӱ
裬˹ʺˣţҲûʲôΪһµµΪǺǡӼЦ
ԣһŮҲǵͷ裬ﲻ˵ׯˣҲ˵ʶǣ˼Ц𣿡
˵ͷȴǲм˵ţԵõ鵤ԼŲء
࣬СŮüͷ΢壺Ȼûʲôǰ;ôׯܲأˣΣ棬۸ҡ
ҲҪЩƺ«Ƶģ۸۸˭
ԣ΢΢һ˵ͷ
ˡ
ڴʱһ嫵ׯϣͣںͯһ
ɽ֮ǰ߳ʮˣһߴʱѵ
Ƭ̣ʮ˰úúͯ½½롣
ӵеԽԽãЩͯǾѡģ඼߶ڵһ⼸ٺͯûһ
һһ⣬̤ԪӤڣеһͯصƽ
ģʹ࣬Ϊӣò˵Ǹ⡣

Ϧ£
˾ţΣһ룬ţͯϣʮʮʣĽЩҲúˡ
һģδգ˵Ľʦӡ
ţȥɡһ˵ͷһ֮磬ǽڴšɡ
Ľʦ֣мʮδͽˣӾͽɣң־ͽ˵õˡɵЦ
ԣһɫ΢һͽģԻᴦ
֣ķϴһϣк𾴣ƽ̡Ľݺ
Ψ˵
Ҳ⣬ɫݡ
Ľݺм֮ãΪֶһֻڷȼ㣬Ľݺһ
˴֮£ȻȥˡĽݺһ˦ӣ߷뿪
ƽеһŮҡͷ̾ĽʦֵƢʱܸĸġ
˿̣ĽݺһÿͽǰʽϲģˣһҲա
ʱ㻹δأɲǺãȫˣһҲҪ
ʮڵٵģˡ

У΢ЦĿ裬һӵСʦܣͦ
ͷ̧ۿȥ˵Ӹߴòֺ׶񣬷ͻأиС
ʦ֣ŻСʦˡһϵֽҡҡҽݣʦ֣³󺺽ſǵĴʦ֡
ҽ־еɽʦ㣬Ҳɽʦ㡣ŮȻһЦ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ㡣ĿȴڰŮϣĵûϸû뵽Ư
иʦ֣ȥʦˡ־΢Ц£Ľݺ
ĹؾأСƽ׽˶Ĳ࣬⼸μС
⣬Ǿҵʦ֣
Ƭ̣űƿˣһ΢֣ɫŭһ෴ʮ꣬ĿвʱӦʦ֡
ʦ
վ΢΢
Ľݺ˵ͷޱɨ裬ϯȥ
ºĿ˫۵裬вŭ
˵ʲôɣû޸ƨ
õֲ壬Щ½ȣûϣˡ
·˼ĽݺǴҳؾš
ر𿴵Ľݺ˫ֱۣӣ䣬һ˿ůģƽ
ָоδ⣬֪ƽģС


004 
ģ˵˵ɡĽݺ΢յ
־ҵгԱԵȣһһͽأ·ף졣
ĽݺԽɫԽر豻˽зҰʱüͷ𣬻ִϵ裬㻹Ǹ˲˽зҰ֣Ҳ޶ԣ
費ҶԣͷҲ˭֪һͣĽݺŭֱ쮣ߵҵɣʵģ˲Ҳˣһ䣬㻹ʮ䣬һȭһƵģɣ㻹ؼַȥ
ĽݺԽԽ𱬣ʮͽĴŴܵһ
ʦ֣Ǵҳʦջƺر
ʹͷаˣʵ뷲죬ֻ´Щѣǰ껹ͷһ
ΣĽݺˮˣټСӲΪ̾ӣȫϱڡ
ˣҲÿˡ
оͣ£һʦ٣˫۸ĵҩ
ɣвҪΪҩŵĿġ
޴־
Ľݺոѹµŭٴ
֮ˣնϷʲܲ׾Ķȣʲôɣϲطκ˲ԽûֵҩУҲܸ㡣
ԣĿһݺݵĽݺǰή֮
ұΪҩ޵ҩɲҲա
ԣĽݺŭ죬ʲҲ㣬ûйҲգɵĻԵҲܷĵӣҲڵЦ
׾ٷѵõĻᣬѹҰ֣Ϻûһϵˣ˵ɣҲʧܡһ䣬ĽݺͽȻӴĿоǳ벻м
ϣȭĿĶĽݺ
ҲһˣҲ˭뱻˭뱻Ұֻ֣ûʵķ̡
˭֪̣˸áЦ
ֻȡҩֻѹΪξ֮ѡ
顣
һӣվӣһΪɣΪնϷȴ壬ˣߣǲľʯߣʧ䣬ĮȻȥȻҩ󲻵ˡ
һģڼ˼žʦ˶ʦģڣƺһˡ
£ȷʮĺͯϣǰʦʱ޶ԣȻܾ˵ҩ̬ʱת䡣
Ľݺüͷ΢壬̬ת䣬ɻѣƬ̣ĵҩûУſһϴ赤ñ˵ĽݺΪʦ֮
ϴ赤̥ǣʳ֮ʽ
СϽСļЦ̣ȻĽݺΪֱ˺ϣݺݵĻߡ

һλߣһǿߵݣһСһϰ㡭
Ȼǣ֮ʳҪؽҧһ˦½߳ţ󵤣һٵʧңѹɽ
ȷʵ鵤ԸıʣıһΪˣΪ˻ϣΪĳĿ𣬲˸
һУǻ
ĵУҲ
ĽݺĿ˸̤ʱͽȻȵվסΪ˵˵߾涨ûĵӣڣһ鷲ˣɽҲˣ˵ʮɽصׯ
СʱѲˣǰһ棬ֻԼ㣬Ǻĸʮ꣬ǻһˣߺߣʣʮ꣬ѡĽݺЦ
ɽСУʱﵽ㣬ʱ뿪
ݺݵĽݺû뵽ɽѣɽѣ
ͷĪţһﵽģʱһȡЦҵˣڴȻһȣ߳
Сѹ̣һ̣ڱ
ĽݺĿ뿪Ŀһû뵽۹Ҳԭ֮ˣ෴ǿȻΪѣӶ̣һ̣ʮꡭ
ѵãֻʲЩ
СҪΪĽݺͽܣҪǲĹİ´
ſķСȥ˳鵤Ľݺֱ߳š
ݣĵأҲȥ
ſݰʦӲϧͽȴáСʦҲͦţʵʵģʦҲ壬˶ִҪâ
ֻϧСʦ㣬°

ڣڴϣＸ鼮Լһƿпǧ⼸֮£ʵЩ˼仯̫졣
ʲô䣬ɼѣͷżʦֵĹػΣΪѣΪĵ׵ĳڣһҪﵽ㡣
һ̣ɵĸǿˡ
Ƚ鼮ҳһķһ飬ϸϸƷ
мأ澭⣬⣬֮⣬ɵȼʵ⣡
ڷʮ㣬ڣڣԪӤڡ
ڡķҳǼڵһ㷨
轫һ㷨£ʼĵãĥ󿳲֮
һһ£һʦֲǰ̽Ҳû⣬Ӷǳ
ˣҲд¸


005 ŹС
һ峿ڴϣ񣬶óһƿĿ¶֮ɫ
գ׼ʽ
ƿװϴ赤ⵤͷͣԲգǴʦֵأϴ赤븹кƬ̣ȫհȣһεδȳĺˮȫë
һʱӴˮ̶ȥ
ڵʣࡣ
ٴλصУֱеĿԹӸޱȣ£ʱ
ľˮĬķΣؼ΢ʼӿ룬һֻҧĸо鲼ȫʹ֮С
ļͣĲʸУֻҪָʱͻʧ
һʱȻָоǵûʧΪԣŶڲʼΪķתһ룬֪Լۡ
̫
һҧִԵĿп࣬ΪˣʲҪ¿๦ټһ£ܿӦˡ
ʱֻĥһ졣
ڰʱ֣ڸе彥Ӧصĺ˼˵ٹȵٹȵܲʮ첻ἢ
Ӧ󣬽Ϣ죬֪ʲԷӦʱø塣
ؼ壬ߣپϴɣΨһµģһ˿
ȱģ֮
貢٣ҲļŹִš
һ֮ϣĽݺֱĿȴĮĶĳһСҲЩ֪ţܲ׾Ȼʮ굽㣬ڷܵĻӦò⡣
־˾š
ݣСչس󣬽鵤øĽݺͬʱһ˹ȥֵΪʦĵãһȥס˵Ӹġ
Ľݺĵãһ㵽Բģ·鵤˵ҩҲ˵Ǽߡ
˵󣬲Ҫҩģ֮ˣҪĴ
˵г֮Чʳ߿ͻϵϰӿ졣
˵ߣ˵ֻͻ֮Чĸģ鵤Ͼˣ֮ˣĻƵҩ˷ѡ
ʦּɫ΢䣬˴˰ʦȣСʦʶһΪӣĸƾ㣬ͱķãֵݡ
ȥɣǼ˾ȥסÿ˶Լĵÿ˶Լ·ĽݺȻ˷Ըȥ

ȻղͣҹȻĳɹ΢΢ǰȣ޽չ
ڶ㣬˰ܴﵽԭزȥʱﵽ㰡ʮ𣿻Ƕʮ꣬ʱѡ
ļǵãǰӣʱӣڶˡ
бߣʣʵ⣬´ʦ鵤ǽӿ켸ֶѡ
Σû֣治ɵӣΪѣһҪȥ
ѹвʣ񣬶ʱӿ룬ֻЩĿ죬ȥҲ죬µģ޼
һ峿ҹ
ҹĻ٣ǹӴ£ڴϣɫϲԵûнڤɽڵң϶ׯѡ
һжǴڤɽʼڤɽˡ
һµȫ˿̲ͭͭڤɽʱڻþоԼһΡ
Ӳóͭ´ͬƺһ㣬ûƺΨעģǺϿ̻Ŷ轫Ǵ򿪣ɰããһƬ
ϡǵãŹС˼ɫʯͷʯͷֵƣ׼ׯﻻǮõġ
СԹϣĿںϣǸһ壬ƺԴ򿪡
кװǵģⲻǶ𣿡΢΢ɻŽǸǴ򿪣ȻƬ̣Сף費ᣬСӵ֮⡣
һΪڤɽӦЩأߣԭƺһöû
Ʋ찵ʱһɺɫӺðأһǻڿУɢһ룬ߴڡ
ʱһϤ֮ȫ
壡
ɫһ䣬ΣķʼתʱǹС㣬ǱգΪתϴҲãһ˿ı塣
һ̣ڱ仯һַ˼Ľȣڶ


006 ʶ
һϣ趼ſڴϣĿתĶŴͷͭ
ҹͻ䣬ȣ𺳣һҹΪȻδ٣ȴֱ࣬仯ģǹɺɫ塣
˵ͭ
ԹرϲĥЩŹ֮£ϲС򿪺Ȼǹʵʰȴû֡
ͻȻ䣬һƺйء
Ի֮ԴԣֻǻٶԣѵСܽʯԣһ
ɫһ䣬򿪺ǣɰããһƬӿ϶ˡ
뷨ʼʵ֤һܳСݣݺȥڴ˴ס˰֪꣬ռ֮
費̫֮Դѡһԣ֮أĴɨۣӺ󣬽·ֵĻڳװСС
һװСģСȥ
ٴλصСݣЩţС֮Ϳһ١
һǴ򿪣бĻ˿һ룬һϲ˼Ǵ򿪡
ֱʣ
ɹˣ
ȫһԭˣֻҪԴ֮СΪ
ƺޡ迴źʣһʣͿ֪С٣ʱһΡ
ڶ죬Сʣٴα֪СƵʣÿһΡ
ó貢ļСڵգһֻܣֻƣһСˮ֦ȡ
ЩȡĵطģӦûپݴЩȽӽСУﾲš
𣿻ǽܿˣСڴ
ȥ촽򿪺ǣʱһӰӺɼʧڴŴ
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ţ֦СϪˮʵ飬ȻʧǣЩһһ
ﶼǾǸ취ˣʱ˭۸ңϧ˱̫̰ģСٶʮˡ谲ο
ˣͭдʶ
СֻҲÿޣһֻһΡ
һһ壬ϥԼǰ壬ѧϵСҲ
һºʼСԣʽ
ÿ֮ǾݴԵ˳֪꣬Уĳһҹо崫֮ؼޱۣܸ仯
ڶ㣬ָо
ʶ
оȣķ˵֮һأܲһ־ܸ仯֮ԣһ
ʦĵ˵һ㣬Ϊ˲Σڶ㣬ǰֻ̤ţ㣬ʶĲΣԼŵڶѡ
ʲôԼǹ̥˰ɡ
ɬһЦ轫Źͷѹ£ֱĶСûСԼͻƵһ㣬Ҫ¡
ϾޱȣҪȥʣʺԼģɣСⷬ裬ƽʱɵϵ
ˣͱȱһ

Уϥʵʰ㣬ֱʣɢ٣Σ˫ۻһ£ӱ
ٶȣ˵ȲϳˣٲǵףйоءǹЦݣС֣֮ЧΪԣֻԼʽϲѡ
ʦ˵⼸ȡɽ֮ա°͵ٵУĽѣ˶е
ңԴҲָȤҪԭӵдԼͷȡϾҲɡ
Թ緹ʦֽʦּ˾ȵɫ£ͣȥ
ſ
һʱ䣬Сʦܴﵽڶ㣬ֽȣ˵ڣ˶ϳߣʲһͿܴﵽڶ㡪ò˵Ǹ漣
ĽݺޱվǱ߻Цݡ
Сһȷʵ˲ٿࡣ
Ż飬һ·СܣʶܣԶһһݣһһȫչ¶ļ䣬治ѡ
Ȼ;ЩӼȫˣϾЩ͵ȼķ̣ȫߡ
ȡ֮˿ۼʮӣһɨȥɫ΢䣬ʮӴΪͬڵģһòӢǷ֮ǡӡ
ͬڣϳˣͷƾ츳ƽ̵簮ΪͬڵУٮٮߣΪ㣬˵ͻĲҲһ֮䣬ֻҪͻˣ͵Ĳˡ
УһŮҲˣ֬ɫĮŮˮǱĵӡ˪
ʣ༸ˣ趼һ֮Ե֪⼸˶ǸнܳӣҲͬǱӡ
ʶɨȥʮУΪ֮䣬Ķ㣬ɬһЦԼȷʵĿԣӵСҲֻǸոṷ̂ѡ
ףⲻҲ촢𣿡һŮͬࡣ
һۼڴ˵ĵӽǿһЩĵӣʶɨȥȴﵽ˵ڶ㣬΢΢Ϊϵ͵ģ鶼ĹŹ
ΪӣӦǵ׵ģ˭֪һͬһʵĸо
ʣȻҲﵽ㣬漣
Цɣܴﵽ㣬϶ƽԵҩעģߣҾͲһܴﵽ㡣
ţпܣϾӽ٣ѵһӣȻȫˣϧ󣬿
֮Է׷ɫЦ͵ԣֻҪĽݺֱ̤裬ȫϣҪ˵ˣΪģΨжʵġ
ȻŵʵԻỹɫ
Сԣġ
ڵ˪ĮĿɨ裬裬׸ĵӣ
ԣĿ⿴˪ưɫʧ֮΢ֺõɫʦãһӣܴﵽ㣬ѵá
˪΢΢ͷٿ裬ͽſϣ˵Ҳѣƽӹܽ룬ò˵ڵ˪Ŵһ˿濴ȥ
ҲˣʣֵԶǵƽߣнӴ֮ʱͻۻƽļ


007 ѡ
ڹ涨ֻҪһĵӣͿȡɽ봢ЩʴƷﳤƣȻҲһЩͻȻȤƳƷʡ
ˣõķɽ봢Ϳ۹ʶˣȻ
Σ߳һӣ¶ʮǱƲ룬С˸ȻǾ֮ˣǱſʵġ
˻ͦҽǿɽʦ֡ɨŴʮˣأʶĵԼѡδʶģҰѡ
·ʮԣӦʣ˴˻һۣĿʶԼѡ㣬Ȼ˰æ
վĩ֮ʱĿ΢Ƭ̣ڵӽ룬ھʱϡӹŹֵĿɨ֮ԹĻ
ƺǷĶˣٸֱ˷ѡ
Ų΢ͣ󻺻С
пǰڷһΣΣ룬˵ݣȼϣһУ߰׹һ
󷽣һѰѹâ˸ķɽҷһӨ貵Ĵ
ɤӣʶѿĵΪһӣԼѡʶδģҷ䣬סֻѡһɶ࣬ѡ˲ܻ𣿡
ǣ
ڵӴӦʣĵһ࣬գñ˰æѡôͱˣ
ԼѡôѡǴкû֣֮ԽõĿռȻԽ󣬶ɽ˵ãҲƷƷԽãٶȿ죬һɰ֮á
Щ෴ЩĵӣǹŵЦݣʶˣǲͬ
ĿһɨĸǱߣ˵Լʶѿʵȷ㣬ȻһС
һߣĵ½½ѡ˵ʶȻǿ֣֮ˣЩѡƷ֮һĿɬ
ΪͬڵӵһˣܿѡˣɽƷɫ䣬ԺưΣѡϣõƷĵӣķĴҲͬڵٮٮߡ
ӣ˪رڡӣ˵ûѡƷҲѡƷƷʵġ
ߣΪѡǿ˵Ǻˣη壬ԼǱΣǱϹġ
ѡõĸ裬ޣ¡
һЩĵӣȥߵҩ֮Ҳǲ˵ûƷҲƷ
Σڵһһѡϣֵˡ
ɨӣ󾲵Ƭ̣˿ûӣԳһЦɵˣڴͶߣӣʲôһ
½ӽ䴦ѡһѽķɽһޱȵĴ
ɽ봢Ϊ֮ˣסתˣöʧǲٻʸȡȥɡС΢Уͷ
ԣ貢δӹʶɨȥĿһ￴߹ޱȣʶδģȻƷȻȴǴֻݴǷɽĸĻһ˿ҲӦ
пãȻǸƷûȥҲһͻ
޶ԣаԲӣôôĿҽþãоƨʶδоҲ
һõ˵ƷҲǲɶõƷ֮ȡʦûϹġ
˿̣һЩĵ£ڵҲˣ͵Ц룬ȡ󣬷ò˼ͱɽٶȱܲʱ֪кηӦ
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Ȼʮ꣬Сľȳ˸Ϊ졣
ʦ֣Ҿ̫ˣʲãȡĻۺġ蹧
üͷ΢壬Σ㲻ϲĻԼѡҸ㣬кܶƷģɽҲУ˵ˣѡõģҰ
ԣĿһȻѡã͹ãһѡˣԻ𣿡
һҡͷУأ֮ѡĺûԲɻ
䣬迪ڣߵǽߣԷ֮ʱߵʧĴٴγ֣ƺǰΪˡ
Сӣûʲôǰ;ȴҪ࣬ʶδҿôѡЦ
˵࣬дǰƷãǰЩۿȥˡ
ɫ糣ǰȥһͣۿȥǽϹڲڰٵķɽʶɨȥǽ󷽣Ҳ
ȡķǹ𳰷ЦݣоУûʶǷɽ𣿹
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رǰѣпá
ˣЦȥ֣ͻأһתһں֮ɫķɽɴǱȥ
ʲô
֮ϱ飬ǰĳЦתΪĿɿڴǰںɫɽԻˮǲɶõƷֻɫΣƷŷѡ
ϾֻҪӵˣѡƷķɽ
ȻոշӦּһɫѣεĸоˡ
Ϊǹ⣬ͨɫƽ棬ⴢڳƵģռмʮɴִԼӵС
ǲܵģΪ۷ɽǴԤˡ
ʦϹס
ʦ֣ҿܣΨƽҾѡɡ¶޺ЦݣЦݣͻҳԿЩģõľӰɡ
˿̣ʶδĵ͵ЦΪѡƷʶѿĵӣ򰵸оɽ봢ǽʱ̫ԶӦ˿ʱǸоԣޱȣƷ룬ԼĻá
ΪǰѡʱûЩأ
Щӷ׷׿ȻѲµ˽²ٺõģ뵽֮£ʱˡ
õʣԭҪõ񽻻顣


008 ûʸ
оΧĿ⣬С΢ŭ費ѡ
ʦ֣û£ҾȻطˣʦ˵Ϊˣҵֶ롣蹧۾ȴڴĿ
ģЩƲסƢǿѹŭ𣬼һ˿Ӳ΢Ц⡭轫£ǰԼ˵ˣۺûһȡԲɻ
ټЩŭĿ⣬о±뾡ѹ򣬿Цãܲ׾Ȼطɣӡ͡
֣ȫǼ³
̹ͷɽ봢պú󣬻λƵ߳飬ͻȡˣһ顣
С쵰޹ıӰ޲һȻ˿ֻ̣пԣûط˶Ǵ¡
˽ʣ㲻ϴɿԼˡԲһѺȻʱӵ
ʦ֣˵Ϊһʦ֣һʵƽ̡˵ӣӣĿǴűģرȡƷģĿŭ⡣
䣬ڵӴŲ뿪
亹ðȺֹǸʦԤûˣЩǱĵӣԼȴɵƵġ
֪֪ͲС쵰ѡˣֱӸƷãƷ
˼ϢܳȻȲˣҲýջء
ո߳ݣǾ¶ЦݣǰڴѡʶɨȥΨӡ󣬾ͻǧʯУΨŰ㡣
Ȼ񵽱ˣһʦ֣ЦСԼԼûѡ
ʱаâ˸Ƭ̣һӰƮȻ䣬˰棬ٿ㣬£ųȻ֮ơ
ɨ裬üͷ΢壬Ȼƺӡ㣬˿ɫȻȴһա
ׯͽİ꣬ǵô˶ѵЩʯļ䡣
Сѧ̣֮£һ˿ִΪصˣκ˶
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ѹ˼ޱ뿪ʱܸо˿Цݣһ߸ϵ
ͬʱ
ʦ֣סǵӣԤķɽ
ϹĿһǰͬʱһǿѹͽȻͣ£ռͽȻ̰㡣
Ųʶ֮
Ƭ̣Сܶǰ֮˵Ϲԣüͷ΢壬ɨΧ۵ڵӣ֪ôҲ޷ˣˣɺݺݵһۡ
ӣΪԤģҿƷ㽻Ϲ׵ȻֱɴգûһۣȷʵΪ趼ӵƽߡ
ϾϹϳˣɶʮ꣬ѴﵽŲ㣬ʮҲһ֮䣬ΪܳӣҥԣʮǰȻﵽصǽصĵӡ
ԣţ֪ġ
Ŀһ䣬ˣԸȻȻˣȴǴе֮ˣִԸͬ䵭ڿ³

ֻǼ֣Χ۵ɫһ䣬Ŀ΢΢ӣϹףԼҲӦ
ڵУɫȴһ˿֮ɫԣ˪˪΢䣬ǹִꡣ
Ϲ׻תݱ䡣
ͬĻҲ˵Σûѡ񣬻㻹ɵõƷǾʲôҲû㲻ѹң㲻Լƽ̣ҲɣţǻйжϵġϹߵ
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䣬ϹʶȥβѹʱоԼһСӿУʱḲ˫ȼ䣬ҲԼ
Ȼִӣɫɲ䣬ͬʱҲڶġ
ϹײҶϾڻǸŴɣͬŵӳӶᣬȥĻñοڡ
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ϹɫԽԽѿˣΪܳӣĸǶԼмӣȻĵ˿Լӣڼʮǰ
֣ҵҪͷжӲϹĿһʶӴ󣬻㣬ֱͷѹȥŲʶѹϹ׿Ϊε۸Ϊ׳ա
ˣͷð亹ˡ
󵨣
ʱŭ㣬Ȼ߽Ϲʶѹ
ȫһɣǹѹȸͽȻʧͻ縺ɽͽȻ°㣬Ŀͬʱȥ
ƲƮ죬Ӱ£Ϊ׵Ľݺ弸ʦ֡
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ϹĿһ䣬Ľƽֻ̣ʦдһѡ
д裿Сʮˣͽһ꣬дƨǷɵ˰ɣҪޣͽʮд裬ͽƨġĽݺֱָϹױŭ
ⷬϹؽҧһڣĽݺѲڿǳģһӣοԼ
ͽ޼ʮ꣬ΪҲδϰһߡ
Ľݺ꣬Ϲףѯ轫ǰ֮һһ˵ԼѡϹ׵ѵȡ
ԣĽݺüͷɫù˵꣬ɨǱߵӣӴЦ
ʮѡͽѡãûжͷĽݺùɽ봢ʶɨȥоĲЦΪˣرǿЩӵĿ⣬еֻ֮⡣
΢΢ƺõԼͷô˸
ˣȻѡˣǾͻطɣϹСӣͽû£Ĺ㣬´Σ֪ġĽݺԵ輸˴ҡ뿪
ⷬ˵Ϲڳڵӣͽ⣬򲻹Ǳܳһ㡣
ԣϹֹտڵĽƽ̣Ƿɽ봢ǡ
ĽݺתɨϹףͽѡġ
ֻ֪Ԥˣԡ
ͽѡġĽݺظаԵå㡣
ϹŭɫɹҿƷ֮ﻻ
ΪҪĽݺһûʸ񡣡
ǱΣܳΣֻҪûڣҾͳԵġĽݺֱ˵˿Ϲκӣ䣬һЦ輸ˣҡնȥ
ϹվԭأֽţſǼӰĿһ˿ɱ⣬Ľݺܺãҽڣѵӣ裬ɡ
ɱ⣬ȫһӱˣϹʦֻȡûˣǾĵãûϷˣ
С쵰㺦ˣŻᣬҡ㣡


009 
ڴϣԺлǰ֮£ɫƽǸ嶯ˣϹѣԴ£ڣһΣһˡ
Ƚɽóʶˮ룬ʱںɫɽɢѤâһɽֱɶͻһʸ㼫ޱȣڼײǽʱһɽʱɻء
ɽڱϣʶٴι룬Ƭ̣ʮɴĿռʶУ΢΢һ̡
ΪƷ
ϲͬʱҲЩɻ봢÷ķнܣҪʹãҪʶ㵹ϡ档
ɻǣĵ˵ʶѧҪµϤƿأԼƿطɽͲİֻҪʶ룬ɽͻԼְ㣬Ϥ
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ѭڳһӣضܻСݡ
صСݺ˲ɫȲĽװСУ°;ȴţСΨһϧǣֻװԹԼһˡ
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ʱԺͽȻһͷСʶɨȥ͸ƿطɽ֪أ
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ʶһգ跢ԼڴϣȻǰǸоʵġ
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üͷ΢壬ʶһڿռĸУֱĶˮΨһͬǣ⼸ǻٵ״̬
ܹǰǶ䣬ĽδʲôɻǰһһȥͣǶɫϡ
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ɫָ࣬꣬ӦŻܱߵȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ȵȣǿѵ
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һ黺ƽϢϥϣĬķʱǹɺɫһ˿˿ϣбǿ׽룬ʣʶ
󣬵ֹͣϵĺɫԽԽ࣬һ
һֺ̣ĸо·عأַ·صĸ׵Ļ㣬Ҳһ˿
һ㣬ʵǸʣӦΪһ㲢ûʲôʵЧ˵ĻǼӳʮꡣ
㣬Ѵﵽ̥֮ˣȫ԰ղʳ˯ھ϶ظǳԽˣʮꡣ
󼸲㣬谵Ӧÿһ㣬ʮꡣ
ҲѹҪʮǰﵽʸڣϾﵽ˴ˣҲˡ
֮ͬ˲ǳ޽ģΪԽߣӵиʱѭӶĳ

СмžȻϥɫޱȣڴ˿еϡ棬
ȻϸϸȥͻᷢΪһֲ˼ٶȣ


010 ְ
Ǽ飬ӣ඼㲻Ͼ˵̤ſꡣ
ͬˣԹִÿ뵽Ǵʱѹ˼ǿȥ
ֻǲϵΪ㣬ﲻѣƽĶۣÿɵԳӼΪûͻ֮У
ָоЩĲˡ
һ财һգԤ룬ƺʱСӶЩԡ
ڴϣ貢ռ˼Ϊ֮¡
ķ˵һͻ㣬ʮͻ
㵽ûſΪͻƲˣ
̾һҡͷڤڤиУѾܽˣֻһֽǣͱƴֽ
ͻȻ䣬ԺһŹͷ
ѹ̶ˣ䣬Ҿռ߼ÿɵ͸ԣˡ
뵽ĿһƬ뵽԰ֲɲ֮أΪɲֲҪߣҲǾĵط
϶Ϊԣ
һµĿ궨ˣ¾ͿռǸ⡣
԰ֲϡе黨ݣԿϽɽص˿ã˵ԼһڵӣڵģҲδл῿
ԣһʱ赹벻ΰ취
ʱд⴫ÿӶУΪãҲ÷ƽ̴֮á
ֻĽݺͽʽƽ̲ͬȫͽԼֻƿʱŻ㼸֣˵ףǺɡ
ֻΣҲ˵£ĽݺӲŵ
óüͷƬ̣һĽݺҲǴ
С
ﴫһС߳
ʱĽݺһ˾ţ˫΢գȸӦ赽ʶɨȥСͷ㣬βˣ
һ̾Ľݺ֪ʣߵһӦǾ˺ܴŬˡ
ɡĽݺָָ·ε
΢΢ͷһ˵ȥ
ĽݺӣһСҲ˰ɣҲֵȡְˡ
ְأĿ⿴Ľݺɻѡ
Ľݺ˵ͷ͵ֻҪδﵽĵӣҪְأ˵ˣǰ£Ϊһ꣬ðˣ٣ÿҶ˹ȥôϣĻٲˡ
ԣ΢΢ȻѹߣǼһЩˮ񣬴ɨȣְذɡ
Դˣûʲô飬ϾĹأְֻأʱ䶨Ȼࡣ
ĽݺĿһ˿СʲУԹӵĺܣһ㼴ͨ
Ȼ£㲻õǣĽݺĵӣôҲЩˮ£Ѱ㰲źˣмְأԼѡɡĽݺ
ĿһְػԼѡ𣿡
ĽݺԺһЦķ岻УʲôУҰ㰲ŵְأںɽģػ԰ôӣز󣬿شȣЩְضǲģϾɽ֮أһ£һΪ°빦֮㿴ĸֱ˵ӡΪʦ㰲žǡ
˵ĽݺֱֱͦģһԺòڵĽ޶ԣУĽݺǸå
Ľݺ˰ΣСβӣᣬ̾һ⼸ְصķֱ˵
ɫţĽݺ԰ʱʵһ£԰Ǿʹӵԣȡ֮ˣԼͻ㣬Ӧòˡ
ֻǿ԰Ĺһˣʮڵǰһǹɣȥ԰ĳ嶯Ҳѹ
ʣģôӣ˵ˣǿص¯ҩҩƺҲǴ֮ֻǷϵ赹϶
ڿزǿĹΨһŵ㣬һ˿أĽݺ˵ڲ˭صĻҲ˭£ֻҪڣκڵӽ룬˵Ļ
һػɽ⹤ϾԽǽӽԽ㣬סһĻΪȻͻͽУзΨһĴ
һʱ䣬赹ѡĽݺҲٽֱͣȥ
ڽ壬ʱͷӿųһϸϸȥڵӣȻȡְصġ
ĽݺȻŶˣԵӲǴԽ룬ǵЩӷ׷ײȻֲҿڣΨŭĿ衣
޶ã


011 
ΣĽݺ߳
ΪΪߣȴҪȥˮҲҪšڼѡְغһӲ
ǰһְضǺã̫ƽˡ
С㣬ȻĽƽʰǣƽ̿ŶģҪ־͹Ƿиʦ
ǻˣҵְǵ࣬ӭõģҪһ갡ҵ֪ң֪Ҳѡˡ
ǰųɳЩӵŶҲˣѡȥõְأһЩˮ£Եĺܡ
Ľݺ䶯˶ЩӲĻ߸¶ԺЦݣбɨȥСûӵ硣
˿üͷ΢壬ƺ˼£Ľݺ˷ͷ޷Ӧ
Ľݺ̾СѲľͷһӣ
ɽ㣬ʣ;ɽһӴǰ

ɽĽݺɨ裬زˣһֻ٣ƽʱ뿪һҲƳԼѡģʱޱˣҰ
΢΢ͷ
˴һĻţΣһµĵӿ첽ܳȿʱ
Ľݺϵĵ˵ͷ׽룬ڽʱʶ΢ƺҲһĻǰǵһޡ
ƺػ󷨡
ޱȣһŹӵ鼮ڷţڵһΣϱ߰ڷһ򣬴ɢŰ֮⣬Ǽز鼮Լӽá
ˣƷʶֻ΢ɷҪϢΪ׼ġ
Ľݺ΢΢ͷһݸ裬ǿ壬ǵӼʱĿ䣬Ȼ󽻽ӹ
СѵˣϤˣһ꽫ڴ˶ɹ㲻£ֱӻطҡĽݺһ뿪;иǵӡ
һɣȴӺ䤱ˣĽݺеԢҪͼ۸ͽ򡭡
ǵ̿ˮѺõʦܣǷòһ鼮Ͼһ뿪һͲҵˡ
˵ǵɫЩһˣÿֻСʦһʵڲڽˣʱ򳢳ˣ˿̵޲òɣɵСʦߣԧϷˮ
ɨ۴ʱˣֻ鼮ţëһ㣬Ҫ°
ǵƺѿѵ򲻵п󷨹ܣм鼮ٹܣֻҪʶɨٱһԣͿ֪ˣʶĻʱ
˵һ룬ǵͽȻֻ㣬ʶδһĻû겻аҲҪꡭ
뵽ͷð亹
ǵѣ΢̣ΪҪһ㣬ԭʶߣʱߵǰһԣ΢΢ͷɨڵ»ȦȦĵӣʦ֣鼮̫࣬벻õˣҡΪˡ
һ䣬ȫʶ˵
ǵήʱһ䣬ӵվֱӣʵʦܣˣ뿪ˣһҵˡ
˵ͷ
ǵȫһ͵һ򣬵ʦܣˣҽУ۸ңȻȻΪզҸӸߣ˻еģˣ˵ˣҸоںҡ
䣬ǵӳţܱߴСʦãһˡ
Ŀǵ뿪̾һˣ˽ǹĶǣӲˣͷһ
ӴˣȻʲôС
ѹ˼ߵ򣬿ʼһĹϤһ򽻴ϸ鼮࣬ÿչ鼮ʱ䳤̵ȡ
ʱˣΪͼģղصĴɽܣܣܵȣܵ˵ֻɲοϡ
һܣǿ󷨣󷨷һ󣬵ڶǴţڲã˵Ǹ
Щ󷨣ҪҲߣСֻҪڵģ˿ƣڵģ˵ڣǲ˷ʱͼĵطġ
Ϥһк΢ְ̣أѡزԭģϾڴ˲õСع⣬ﻹԼ£⣬ѡȡְʱ迴ͼڲԱߣ԰
԰һǽ֮
ʣǶĵطȿ͵ȡֿɶ
ӣйоأÿյǼǽ鼮ɨ󸽽԰һǽĵطֲĿĹȻΪ͵
Ȼ԰ȥϽӦôųԣ԰һ㡣
ֲµǰ죬һӽǽмʶĻɨţװ֪㣬ֻܲݡ
ʱȥǼʶɨУ⿴زĵӣΪӹڿģЩɣ⵹Ҳ޹ؽҪֻҪ԰ˡ
ԼԵļƻУ΢ļɱյĹϣǲȺ顣
ʯ顷ȫɷʮ
йСģ⣬ܿϧѰûҵйСļأӽģֻһַѡ
ⶦʮ֮һ춦ڹܣС֪ǿ٣ȴûСֹŹֵܡ
⼸ʣصڡʯ顷ϣϾԼΪʶЩʯ֮࣬Խ϶á
ʯܶ࣬ʯʯɽֱʯҲΪ㷺õģزȱʯΪƷʣҲ˵ɽ罻׵Ļҡ
⣬оݴԵʯпϵʯУͼΪ֮֮ΪϵüѹɣݴŽϴ顣
Ҫͼ֮Լڤɽõʯ顣
ֻӽС󣬲ˡ


012 
ÿȡһЩº󣬴װģǰ˵صݴԣҧƷ㡣
ҹɫ٣һĵ뿪󷨣ڴϡ
һװС󣬱봢ʶǹ봢ֱС
СУ糣ããһƬֱǣĶ仨١
֮ɫѾʼһֹĺۼϵȥ촽첽ǰ
ϵʮ仨Ψһ⣬͸峺ϵ£仨ɢ֮꣬һϤ֮деҲ
ǹ泩֮Уüͷ΢壬з·ץʲôҪĵطϸϸȥʲôҲûץֲϲµĴ̳˼ڤ˼룬˳Ÿղŵ˼·о
Ƭ̣Ŀһɫ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʮ仨꣬뿪һ꣬ѵɸ߼ʯ
Ȼ뵱ɫڤɽ֮Ч
ɫһϲƬֱ֮ΪؼʯʯޱȣССһ飬Ҳ㹻ڵӣĽͷö
Ȼ²µһˡ
ҡҡͷ轫ʱһߣǰڻϥʱɫ㣬һ̣оůģָоǰȻͬ
ƺܿһ˿˿ϸʡ
ȻԽǳԣЧԲͬ
ͬʱǻΪٴȻͻͽǰȴǿһ룬ȥиУ㣬Զˡ
һȻ峿٣붨ѹɫڱǿ׼䣬Ȼ
½轫󷨳£վڴŴŶбգȴޱȵ
˵ÿմ򿪴ţȴĵӣ⹤ҪĿǰСҲ㹻ˡ
гȡһ鼮ϣ
һʱ󣬼ӵЦ룬۽ɨۣɴݿ顣
⼸ӶŮԣʮ֮䣬òҲмɫӴƺˮӡ
Ůǰͣ£һŮʵСʦܣнˮϵ鼮𣿡
̧׿ȥɫ䣬ˮϵܵ鼮ڵڶʮܡ䣬ͷ飬ûΪԷɫ̬仯
ŮɫСֹô̬ôǿزģһ˵أһ
ŮӸո˵꣬һѣŮӵ䣬ȥ
ɫһֱ䣬ʼգойĿעԼ⼸ԶˣĿɨȥŷŮһӰ΢΢Ϥ
һŮ˪ƺǰŮӵˣҲ˪ΪΣ΢΢ҡͷ֪Ҳ֪
ûãԽԽ룬Щеǽ飬еһģѺã̬ȳϿҡ
Դˣ貢
ʱǼ룬һŮΪӷףǴһ˿ŹЦ⣬
۽ɨȥɫƽ
룬Ŀɨ裬һ䣬ڴӣǺ֮ǵģԼûˣƽ޹ʵ˲ˣҪʦֵĵãҲʧ
ǲɵĵҲãϧ֣ҧгݣ֮
һӣ俴裬ûڹ鼮֮⣬󣬼ӽһЦ⣬ְ㡣
̧ɨۣȻǵͼֻнܣûġ
һӣûϵ鼮ˣѧķ
ûСͷҲ̧
üͷһα˫ˣСӣʲôذҲûҲûӦûȥȥ
ԣĿⲻɲһ鼮£Ŀȴ˴ʱֻҪӵģҡ
ӵģҲٲ￴ˡȻһ
ȷʵڴˣⱲӸ̤ڲأȻ죬˿̵һĶʦЦţˣͬһϷġ
Цһλʦ֣Ҳһ鼮ƺСȫģȨ㣬ֱΪֹˡ
䣬ʶ򣬶ʱһ׹ݶ䣬ͻһ㣬ǽ֮
;УϷȻΪֵܵҲĻ
ʦһĻ̫죬ǸδӦӦҲް취ǹĻɢǸӦȫƽ⡣
ʱʦһߵǰ뿪ڡ
ɨһۣҵְǿزһȻץɵˣˣһ˵ģҲ¿ҪɣҲȻҲԼƽ̡
䣬Ȼ£ֵһİɣ
˻ճ΢΢һŭ⣬һ˸ϽסǣǺġ
΢΢ͷŶãǽأǿأ
飬顣ǵӸϽżʦ֣ȥ߱ߵ˵š
ˣǵӲ³ç֮ˣԲд²룬˵ĲȫҲ޼
ˣԿزһһΪΣ￼ǵӵʵҲһȨޣǾ󷨡
ĿĹȻǱ鼮ڴ˵飬Ұ
û뵽裬ҵߵǷҲûϾ˵û˾ûˣƽҲûã纣ƽҲ㲻ˣһҸˣɶ¶ûˡ
˵ˣǿ˵㣬ȫѹġ
Ǽ˽ˣת͵ɨȥĿһ˿ɵСӹݣüëʦҪˣʱһƿָָ裬༸˿ȥʱĿɿڴ
˿鼮˵ʧԵġȫ
ٴŭֱһΪõĵ裬ûڣ׵ǣǵӻǹ
͸Ļȥŭ죬޿κΣֻڴҪ̫ãˡ
һĻ濴ӣҲ̽ͷǰŮӣһ¡


013 
Ȩãϣ
ȨڲʱҲֻһѣ˵ˣֻҪؾģûȥѱˡ
ϴѵˣԣȻˣЩ
һں迼ǵԼ˽󷨣ڷ뿪ʱʵʦ֣ǽأǿأ
˼죬Ѫ˿ȻȴҳĶӣ
ڲ￴ˣ֪ɵӲ¡
뿪ɨȥĿк˸һҧŲʼ뿪

ӣÿ춼ֲ֮æµһĿΪһСе׼պá
һ峿ͬһ㣬ǽǴֲӲݣϷˮйʱٽһץУ봢
ʱĿһֵȻ棬վĿĹˡ
һᶯԵøݡ
Ƭ̣üͷ΢壬ٴζٷ봢Уȥ
ǰռʱеһ˿ָо翣һƺĳطʶɨ㡣
ҲȷԼĶѡ
ҹʱ֣ڴϣ˼ǲǹɸо̫ˣԿ϶ʶ̽ΪֻҪڵӵʶԲֻҪ΢ɨܸӦϡ
ѵ԰Ǳߵǰ
뵽ɫһ䡣
Σ轫óһ֣ڷи䣬Щɫشϡ
ǶҲã˲̽ҲãǷδȻ
һɨܣ΢΢İϥʶСϡ
죬ռҹռĹУǹɹŹֵĸоֹֻһΡ
Դˣ޶ã
ڵҹڵԲָоˮͰͻȻˮ㣬ͻ㡣
㣡
峿ʱ֣˫ͽȻȴǳϲ⣬ԽԽˣʱһꡣ
߳䣬վڴŴһƬ΢΢ۣһɹŹֵĸо
ָоͻܸӦؼ㣬뷨ֻҪԼּ䣬ϵ仯
ҲǸоѡ
㣬ʶʦĵ˵ԲݷɽѧϰҷɽѲϤˣҲѧѧˡ
صУó˳Ŵ뿪
زÿϢ֮գǿⰲŵģ뿪ͬʱ£ʱһâ
źɽС·У費ɽصزͬ壬ۺεӣŽԲУǹء
ټϸոͻҲӡ
ɽ;㳡ҲͬڵЩΪߵģѴﵽĲˣҲ޼
谵̾
ԼʹףӵС޾Ҳոյ׶ѣûСأ类ɨسˡ
ҡҡͷ첽ȥиǼᶨСΣҲ֪
صĽݺӹһ򣬶ͣȥ
ھʱ㳡Ǽʮ׵ڴˣرм伸ˣ±ڵΧţ۽ɨȥĿ΢
Уӵֱվּ䣬һԾͣɫݣ˿ûñ֮Уǻͷר
ٿˮ˪һˮĻԶԶȥʳ˼̻Ӱ㣬ڽӣӣˡ
⼸ӣͬٮٮߣĲΪҲֻΪʸѧר
һŲӿ켸֣ո߳еһĿԼϣƬ̣һ
ĵӣҲﵽˣ漣
ǵǣȻȻģֵñߵһӦǼˣ֪ѧ𣿡
ѧҲ֪в
ǶĲˣѧϰרѧǲźÿأʼ
֮Է׷һɨŲͣ£ǽ壬ǲﷴֱ
һᣬص󣬴󷨺󣬾š
Ŷͷ˫΢գƬ̣һϢԺС
֮ŷЩȴù㷺˵ķԻΪԭ䡣
ڣѧ󣬲ʸѧϰרˮ塶ǧˮͷ塶塶ȡ
Σ轫£΢̣ܺϸѧҲѣʣµľͿʵ
ǫ́ڴԺУĿһھ뼸֮ԶʱʶǶϡ
һ
ڷ˶ԣⷨ˵˾С˵һ˦֣ԶţһۣεƮ
壬ʶΪΪӦؼΧԼƣԴˣţϾҲʶΪԼȴĹ졣
Ƭ̣ʶһգеͺȣ𡣡
̨ҡҡλζһЦٴεͺȣա
ȻĿɿڴһĻ̨֣ǰ㣬䵽Լ߷ݰ㣬ȥԶ
һϽ̨ٴ飬Ȼˣÿջ֮ʱ̨ܿƣȥط
һʮκ谵ᣬ֮ǰڵû벿иУؼʧȥƽ㡣
Ƭ̣뵽ʧԭ
Ӧ
ǳڴˣ轫ʣ༸ַһһȻýˡ
ԼʶûӦأ
ɻٴνһĵóһ飬΢΢ˡ
ĵأȳһġ
ԭӦϣ̫һ̫ºӦ̫ӣ߰㣬Ӧ
Ҫı䣬ַһĲ㣬ֻ꣬ԣĻȫı䣬ֱԽר
ǵơ
ɬһЦϳ⣬ѹ֮˲ΪӣȻӵĺܣУҲǲһȡ


014 µ뷨
һ£ٴαùˣִԸҲճ֮һ
СռҲΪùˣҲΨһĸ
ÿռֻලĹŹָоʧˣԴˣ貢δ¾䡣
Ųڴﵽٶȱû΢΢ǣȻΪڽҪһͻƣ˻УԼǲܡ
ķ֣һСӴ뷨ո𣬾ͱѹ£߼ʯĿǰΪȫûܵõ
һٴ
ҲΨһеģ˼ǧ߼ΨкɽУ԰һأ⣬Ψ֮أȻһЩ˽ֵҲпܡ
Լò
֮أ˵ΧвˣڲǾۼﳤϣȥռҲΪ
ĶͷЩͷʹһ˼ͻȻĿһ
ҩ
ⶫƶɣ̴϶٣ֻǲ֪ûϵϵܷԼ
ΨԹ֪
⣬ĿϣطȻҲصأԼҪǷϵⶫӦûص㿴ذɡ
ɨߣ˿ѿƻ裬ֻҪٹʱ͹ˣȹźȥйһȦҵҩ֮أȻá
ʱ轫󷨷£ݼ䣬ڣȥ
һ·Ϧ£Ѫ
ʱһƴլԺլԺϣ̷߹ϵ֡á
˿̴ŴϡеӴ壬඼һڵӡ
ǰʱüͷ΢壬תȥ
һӰ첽Ӵ䣬ɿҲһڵӣ΢΢ɻһڵӣԼʶ˭еҲֻϹס
Σǵʱ΢΢һеУ
΢΢һЦʦܣ㲻ǿزôˣ
ڴˣԺøУ΢΢ͷԼйĿ˵
̾һزĿͷԵĲ٣ֵɣóϵģû⣬ҽˡ
΢΢һְذţһ꣬Ϣ꣬ģƺزͬ
ʦ֣㲻ǸմӲ˳ôְظ㣿ɻ
ҡҡͷⲢﰲŵģԼҪģѧģϾѶʮˣΪ㣬ʣļ꣬ҿûͻҸó·ҲзݼС
ԣлȻֻǷ֧ѡϳ˵ӣʮǰﵽڣûͻƵģѡȥ
ͽЩģȻΪԼ׼·ˡ
ɨɫʦܣʱ䲻ˣҾһˣ㽫·ãʱѳʦˣ㡣
ҶлʦˡмȴɬһЦ仰˵ˣĽݺʮǰԼƺûϣˡ
ˣˣʱɩӸʶжһ仰󣬴Ҵææȥ
̾һûУڣûͷΨһģǿЩﵽ㣬ջȥѡ
õҩĵطɺŵǽһֱߣռعһʱҲδת֮˵ţ
ۿɫڣŲҲӿ켸֣ոתǽǣʱһӰĻȻǰ
صأ˲ɽ룬Ǻˣ
ԼĪʮ꣬һų°͸߸̧ϷưֻǴɿһڵӡ
Ҳǿǽ·Ӷڴµġ
ɫݣƽʦ֣ǲأֻ΢ƣڴߡ
ǵɨ裬Ƭ̣Ŀ¶Ȼӣ
˵ʱ䣬ںɽͷܻ𣿲ʣӵͦģȻϹʦҲҵʦ֣ڲ󣬱ʰˡ
ɫ䣬ȴһ䣬ϹˣǵȣЩ˿Լŵˡ
ǵӼ費е⣬˻֣û»ʵЩãȥɣòǲ󣬱Ұ
Уһвܣһ󣬶ȻҪһͷӣӣ֮ˡ
Ŀ΢˼һʦ֣ռЩҩ֪㲻
ռҩʲôϡ֮£ݽ˻Ѥ㣬ܲŮӰĽ˻Էҩ֮࣬ܿɫԵ²ٵռҩ
رеӣҿʡ
ǵԣһЦҩöǣ䲻õӣҲ׵õⶫĵңһݣΨ㣬򲻸
䣬ǵһЦĵռΪ˼ʺãΪߣأΪףѧ˷绨ѩ£ûʸ񣬻ĲȥɣҴ˿̴һͳԲ˶ߣ͵ÿǴ
ԣĿⲻɲһ䣬Ƭ̾ͻָһۣת뿪
ɴգһԲ
ǵһΪҲǻڼ䣬˭֪ͷߣԺҵϹʦ֣Ҳʲô˲ŭһ£Ӱ㣬ͷԹߡ
ûʵװʲôߡ


015 
ѽ磬ĵӣϣһ鼮нô棬ԵЩĲɰ㡣
ҩõķҩڱصãɸεõأ
͵
üͷ΢壬Щעһҩ֮ҲɹԽϵͣԣ򲻵ѣȥ
ôأ
ʱ߽ӣŮŮɫеĵǱãرΪһһŮ£ǴŴ֮Ȼ˪
Ŀ΢Ϊվӡ
ǰͣ£䵭ɨ裬߰裬û鼮еĻóҪ衣
̧׿ȥư̬ȿͷΪͼ鼮ҲǴ½⡣
ԣ˪˫ϲ⣬Ƭ̾С΢֪֮йģ¯ܣҩܣݴȫȣȫˡ
ȫ裿
üͷ΢壬߼Ļϰٱ鼮
ѵ𣿡˪΢΢¸ŵӣԼҪѧԼŲֵ̬˵
أڱĵǲɵݣȴǲмϾʵǸֻǶݵķѡ
ü΢壬˪ٿڡ
ԵƬ̣ƽϲ̽һղ鼮ĵطУ߽Σżʮ鼮߳
У۽ǺˣֻҪҰģȫûеѣ֮
鼮˪߹ȻЦݣ΢ϲ鼮ͨõĿˡ
ԣĿ⣬΢΢⣬ҲȻ֮⡣
հ鼮ϣǽһˣɫ΢һֱ
ͬʱ辪Ŀ⿴ȥ΢ǵӡ
ǰɨ˪ˣĿϣɫΣҧҧλʦܣû鼮ޱȹȴЩݣļǵãԼξܾģμϡ
˭֪һȥԼӵнõǸϲѶԼƲѣ飬Ͼ˵ˣãҪˡ
˻һ˪ˣɫ΢䣬˵ĿǴ
΢΢һĿɨ˪ֿˣ΢ˡ
ŵӣÿһΣյĵӣҪ󲢲ߣʶӦȴΪϣһ˵ȲڣҲǰ;ޡ
Ҫ֪ʶͬǿ֮һ
ѹմҴææȥԭˣڲһ꣬Ӧ׼ˣ谵
ֱɫƽɨ˪ŵУЩ鼮ѱ˽ˡ
ԣɫЩɬ˪˸رǰĿɨУƺŹζ
Ǿ
һЩ鼮ҵżãʦܷͨһ˵ɫֱЩΣҵĲԣǸϣдȥҸ˵ͬڵӣ㽫Ȼһǰ;
ǸͬڵһˣʲôģӣЬʸ񶼲һĵӣƺ˪İɣȻ㰮ѡ
ôѼˣѵŵ˵ʲôҲҪס裬̣²ģ֪ʶ
ԣҲ״εƨЩƨòû˵ϾڲĵλֻҪڣû˿ҪˣԼ
ӣû¼ˣҲ˿ԼΪ߲ˣĻһɲ
˿̣ŭ죬һ˫Ŀݺݵˣ˪޵ݸǺһ飬һģرԣԼӣѣĸо
ûܣ
Դˣ޶ԣȴһϲյļϣԼʹŷҩš
ȻɫԴΪѣʦ֣Ҳ㣬һãֻ£ѱʱˡ
Ļδ˵裬ʱ£ԣüͷһϽʵĸ˸ӽģ˵ȥ
£˪ɢʣĿУǴļĺ⡣
˸ӣһǵһ˺
΢΢һʱˣ˪֮Ϣ޶ãεεˣȴЩͷʹ
еģð죬ǿŮȴó֣Ůƺ˪
Σֻðϣϣʦܣû취ҪҴȥռҩҽúһƿ㿴Σ
һ䣬ȫҧ˵
ڲɶõҩľٶȣһţֵޱȣ˵һƿ
˻䣬Ӽɫ΢䣬Ǿ裬Ǵ˴ǲ󣬼ǿж鼮ˣΨ˪ɴգ裬оݴһ˿
ĿӶңʱһ㶣˪ƽ˴ŵʣУһ˿ᣬһ˿ȣټɫ˲ܾ̾
ֻĿУ軹ϡ׽һ˿߹
֮Ů£κӣ԰ݵʯȹ£Ū֮䡣
һΪͷһ̣˪ӣǵӣע
˭ȫһԡ


016 ҩ
ʦܣЩ鼮ܽ𣿡˪ҧĿ⣬価һ˿̬
Ŀ΢Ƭ̴зӦ˪΢΢ͷ
һͷǵȴ̾һ˪µϣһ˿Цݡ
轫⼸鿴ЦԼڲЩ¼ϣһЩ˻
ΣʵΪԣУһжαģ˪ȲǷҩ
ʦ㣬Щ鼮Խ㣬ҪһЩʱ䡣赭俴ǵӣֵ鼮ϰ֮࣬Ƿȫ裿
ǵһϸϸĥɫÿϲƵƵͷԼյ裬죬Ůô֣ҲֲԼ˭֪鷴ĳԤ롣
ǾЧǵӰ
ӼĿɿڴȻڿ裬ҲڣܾĿŮӵҪɣѵΪ˾ȫǿտ֮԰ϾǵܷãǸ⡣
һʱ䣬⼸˹Ź˼շת
˿˪ɱϵ΢ЦԺУȴйɲʵ֮
ţڼУͬУ飬׿Խʣ˿ϣڣͬԾ޵ݣ֮ͬϡ
֮Ůԣʵ飡
ܾܾﳤ˵ͬڵӣֻǱ򱻴ˣһλµĵӣǺ޸ݵĴơ
Ͼڽԣ˿ġ
˭ǽ裬Ϊȴңһ˲䣬ֿ˵ͷ
˪ЩԹЩŭı飬޶ã鼮ݸǵӣ鼮һ룬ʣģҰ
ǵӻϲӹ¿ۺ¶ЦݣʦܣܽãҼĶǾҪһС
ԣĿһ
ǵӼϽֵҩʱ֣ҴȥռҪö١
ˣɫ䣬ȴһɣȥĿľǷҩע⣬ѿͷѯˡ
ھӣȻֿտƾĳŵģ飬Ҳǽһ룬ҩû֣ʣһͱָˡ
鼮ߣӿ˪һӣ裬ȽģΪøΪһϱŵġ
΢΢һʼ磬ʵΪѸҽˣ˵Ӧȣϱţжۣʦ֣˵ǰɡǵӵ
ǵʱˣӰһͦԣվˣֻʦռҪʱѣϱţߣϱҲ㣬ġ
˵󣬴˸һϣӡ
˼ŭΪʹһˣ˪дһ˿Թһ߳š
һ裬ͻٰŪ飬Ȼȴ˱˵ۣҪ˵λ£ԣͻ·ؤһؤ裬ָо֪
Ӽ˽ߣ뿪ڲζ˵˵ģڰ׵ߵǳ¡
뿪ǵӴ˴˫֣ʦܣ뿼ʱ䲻ˣ֪ʣЩ飬ʱã
ɨ۴ˣ仯֮죬档
ʱ֣ɡ
ǵɫһϲϽСܶ
뿪¶ŹЦݣû뵽ҩĵ֣Ϸ磬Ǵ˿յӣԼҪ취ˡ
˪ˣڷҩ֮ѡѡߣϾǸϣ
һȻǵóªţвڿӣҲòš
ԴˣЦѣȴָΧڣԲᡣ
бٴҩãǵӴΧǽУһ·ϣӲ֮أһɽ֮ϣɨ··̼Уɽ·ȥ
ɽ֮£ԨףɽܣһķĽ
±ϣϡɼһſɫѤĵҩЩҩΪʧܣ඼һ𣬾ͻһʵ㡣
±ߣǵָŽʦܣЩǷҩˣôӦùʮˡ
üͷ΢壬±ϵķҩֻĻ´࣬ĻֻǶڵ
ʦ֣ҩõķҩ𣿡ʵ
ǵӵͷҩÿµһΣÿһɽȻ۵ҩô
Ŀ΢ûش𣬳κͻȻҩǷɨ£
ǵӵͷֹŹֵ࣬רԷҩΪʳԹķҩɨ£ϾҩߣӣǵΪӴҩкһ档
ԣ΢΢ͷǵӿʼռҩ;УǴǵӿе֪ɽȽȣµɽһɽ֮
ڷҩô·²ص㿴أеģֻһڵӡ
ռϺ󣬵˻صʱɫѰ轫ʣ鼮ǵӣǽֻ£ڼ䣬ջء
ǵӸмѣصŵһ󣬱ؽһƿ
УĿģȻΪ˾ڷҩֺһõĶҪ


017 Ʋ
صհ£ʱӦһ춯ʶɨȥģģӦһӰ󷨣Լ֮
ɫ䣬ܴ󷨶˿ģΨΪ
ļ֮ʱӰķŨŨĺ룬һ˫Ŀ˫ۣŭ
һʶͷ
Ľݺ
Ľݺ֮ԣ۽ȴ˳飬СҲʦɣʦ𣬿ңô
һĽݺ£еСӡΪʦ;˴˳㣬Ļ𣿡
˵ͷȴЩ죬;˴˳ƣصƵģ
ı飬Ľݺ۽ǳ˼£ȵոȥЩʦ֣Ծƣˣ
üͷ΢壬̾Уֻܸо˳㡣
ȻĽݺȻһЦʣ´ﵽĲ㣬ҲֻǸոѧѣ죬ûмȫɡ
裬ĽݺǣȻʼ³ȣ̣˵ִţ־Щ߱߱ġ
ԣĽݺҲͣΨһǣСͽܣЩɧʦˣƨҲûŹ
Ŀɨһƽ裬ĽݺһһóϣרȻΪδﵽ׼Ҳǰ߽ܷģҲá
ɫһ䣬רأҪĲѧ𣿡
Ľݺɫһ壺ããô໨ӣعأ˵㡣
ԣһϲϽӹר˵Ŀǰǰ߷ܣȻйػģҲĽݺԭ
뵽ů
˵һʦ£Ľݺˣй֮޲
Ľݺɫ΢䣬üͷʱһŭСˣ㶪棬ӲŹ
䣬һ˦½ﳤȥ
Ŀ˸ĽݺӲϰԼϤĽݺ飬Ҳˡ
պ轫ҩóССУߣϥ
ҩΪַ鵤ۼɣ̺ޱȣĪ˵¾ӴҲңȥܻ۸飬Ϊʶ֮ˡ
㣬ڵӽֲ֪Ҳֻȡһ˿·ҩ󣬽ٲᡣ
Դˣ֪ԷҩͨСϴӣԣЩҵá
ҲΨӵйŹСˣ
ããһƬܣ΢СʱѲˣְ֮УСԼļҰ㡣
֮ɫķҩѿʼգһ˿˿ŹֵðɫΪ֮ɫѤǷڿв֮С
岻ۣγһƲʣֻƲ֮Уеɫ建ϵ֮ϡ
ɫһϲĿӿȥǹ԰ģƺһ
Ƭ̣迴ǹŹƲʣüͷ΢壬ƲɢϢļ£ָоƲΣգͻһʱĻɽ㡣
費ʶɨȥǾţΣҩֹͣ
ƲϷֻǿһۣͲᣬƲ˵ΣգֻҪȥɣͲ£иУƲԭΪĶδ
ֻҪҵᣬԿƲ㣬ʧ
֮ţΪϵϵȻЩǷҩ
ߵ֮£ϥƬ̣ǹɺɫϸϸȥĻԷвͬ
ɫУһ׹⡣
Դˣѷȴļ£оԵţΪ߻ħΣ
ֱ
һ壬ߣϸʣһ̣ΥĸоٴӿͷΪٴԲ˼ٶ
ָо԰Ѿܾδˡ
һҹֱ峿˫֮ʱֻһӶѣ߳ţվԺУʶһɱ仯
ɱ仯ﵽʱȻͬоȴ˵ɱ仯ģǷҩ
ѹǹ뷨迪ʼÿ峿ѳγ̣˵޽չִԸȴ׷
һʱȥ˲ˮ˿̨ɬһЦ̨ܲҪȴ򶫣Ҫأҡ
ͻȻ䣬һŹͷ
ʵҲԵģˣҴңʵڴߣš
ʱ䣬迪ʼʵ뷨ֹֻһʱЦݣɬˡ
Ȼԣͷȴҡ
̾һɨɫʱ磬ҲóĽݺʶ롣
ԭ⣬Ӧ֣ԽԽͷʹԺΨһ֪ǣѧѡ
ʶ˳ʱһ󷽣ǽרһ
ݣ
һ̣ɫ䣡
ʶƣδﵽķ룬ɴ򿪣ʶƣĽݺҲ״򿪣ϾδﵽΪǿĻֻý·̡̣
ԣĽݺֻǰ߻ѡ
ԼֻʶΪοͻʶƣ
ʣ迪ʼϰ֮


018 ר
֮ҪĲ㡣
ʩӶԽУݵȣʩʶΪʶԽǿԽٶȣʩΪ׼ԽߣٶԽ졣
磺ڵݣҲ׷ϡ
˵ˣΪԽԽǿ
Ȼõģ谵Ͻھ£һ˿ڴʶϣ¿ȥƬ̣΢΢һ̡
û֮Ҫ㡣
û֮˵ˣûȻΪȱҲԣҪ֮ء
¿ȥеĤ赲֪ʶƣֻԼʶΪͻأ
üͷ΢壬뵽㿪ʶԼ㿪ʶҲȻˣԼ֮;˱ȣƺЩͬ
ھ£ɨɫʱͷ𣬹˶ãеǰˣǹһ˼Ҳֻʱѹ¡
һ죬˼룬Լʶﵽ׼ˣǷʸأ
Ĳɵ״̬һֱƻ裬Ͻ󷨣վСԺ鷨
ݣ
ĬھۼƬֱ̣ǰһڣٴγ֮ʱԺһʣпϲ
һʮκ跽Ÿеţָ֮оôѣҲ˵ѧſ
ͻ㣬һ㼴ͨ
ʣڴǰͷ˼УҲš
ͻȻ䣬ȫһŹֵ뷨
Ψ뵥ѣԼȷʵˣɿֱרĻ
Լǿֱר㣬ġ
ѵ
ɫһ䣬һŹֵͷ
ѵԼǵ
֪⼸ӲСѴﵽһˣͬʱϵǳ༸
֢״ɽ˵α
˿˵²µ֮˵Ǿ˽⣬ԣֻиģ
ʱָ룬СԺ˫΢գ
û֮ھ
Ƭ̣һĸоǻͷоͻԼһ󺣣ɳΣΪΪ
ͬʱվ֮˷ۣǰһ
ֻȫ죬תʱ˫ĿͽȻһնƿǰһôϡ
м¶һ󶴣ڴΧɼһ
΢΢һ𲻿֮УǿЧļ£ٿ֪ʱʧһ롣
΢΢ϢƬ̣ٴһȻΣĬھֻû֣֮⣬ҲԹûȻˡ
ʧܼκüͷ΢壬һͷųɹĲ裬Ժһ飬Ƭ̣ɫһ䣬з·ץʲôҪĵطϸϸһɫ¶Ȼ
о
һδ󺣵ĸо󼸴ΣָоȴһգȻҪϤջû֮ǹɸоǹؼ
ֻǹɸо翣Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ץУĿǰϣ
̾һ˼صСݡ
ӣٴαйҹ峿ϰ
Ϊڷҩİ£ĲרѱĹˣֱķÿ𣬱ȻҪٷְٳɹҪĶ
ڹؼʱ̣ӣǴʧпܾ
û֮ڲϵУҲ·ÿ峿һͷŷǳɹģֹŹֵĹɣʼвˣǾһӵ֤ʵ
п϶һʩɹԭǷҩǹŹֵǹȣһЩ׵㣬ǹɰ׵ʩû֮ص㡣
رÿδС˳ϰû֮뷨Ϊȷ
ӣ費û֮ҲʮγɹһΣʮγɹΣǹ翵ĸоҲԽԽʵˡ
ָоԽԽš
ڻûҲڲϱ仯ûʣţĽݺЩҲֻΣ˵ˣʻ
˵ˣˣͷ첻ˣеʦҲǰƽ
º󣬷ҩһգͬʱ뿪ҲԽԽˡ
һ뿪ռҩϼѣ㣬
δѣǰ֮أΪռҩ
ɽ֮ϣҩѱռһգ貢ȥصɽ֮£ڳ»۵ķҩĻȫ㹻
ڣռ
迼ãһ󵨵ͷ
͵


019 
ȣڷҩѻ֮أӣңѰӸ뿿ֻǼڴ˵һɽ֮Ҳһӿء
⿴һְҲڿǷְƽҲᡣ
Ͼӵ֮أһϢΪҲӰ죬˵
ЩӿУ
⣬Ȼһ󣬴ԻԾݴΪʳڵĻǿ󣬵ǧϰ٣ȴ˵սľƷ
ºֻͣҪãᱩŰˣ֪̾УҲ
ϾڣзҩҲиѭ
һ£ռϣԣûϰգǲᶯֵģϾ˽ԽȣɴС˳ϲȥԼСȻҪ¶
һ죬󷨣еȺ򣬴˿̵˫΢գɫݣȻļ䣬ȴ΢΢
׼һ£¾㱸֮ʱռҩǽ
ãң㾲
΢˫ͽȻһʶһʩչʧУٴγ֣СԺ⣬Դ˴͵ҩ˵ûʮţҲϡ
ΨһҪģǿء
߳ڴ·лУƬ̣Ӱʧ·Уһ·񱼣ȡ
ڰҲǺ˼˵ҹ˿֮·ƫƧޱȡ
֣ʱȹȿڣ˿̵ȼžɭȿɽͻſ޿ڵް㣬һɹŹֵܱǻ
ĿһĬƬ̣Ӱٳ£ȿһյأٴγ֣ɽϡ
Ӱոճ֣ӵ԰㣬ϴѨλ롣
Ŀһ֪ǹڷҩۻɣڣķУӰ죬߻ħ۸顣
ҲûԸ˵ԭ
ˣȻ˽⣬Ͻʶ߸ͣ£Ƭ̣²֮Ҳʧ
˿̵٣һ뷲졣
һ˳ɽУԽߣɽҲĿ
Ƭ̣ǰռĻȻ󣬻ӵΪŨۿȥϡܼһ壬ǻɽڣ˿̹رʶйɲ֮С
עģɽı֮һСЩСеޱȣеϡܼâɳɳ֮Զ

ͫһһģóһ״ó۵ϣƬ̣һӿ
㣬˵Գ棬žԵЧɴһӻãۣһ飬ҲΪεȴһ²Ŷֵԭ֮һ
Ƭ̣ƶϣҡҷڿУΧٴαüžһСĺâҲʧ
ˣһ˵º̰ͣ壬Լ֮壬ԻԷһΪãҴ˴ҲѨ
վԭؾƬ̣ĿĹˣɽĴϡɼһɫѤ飬Щ״죬ʶɨȥ֮ܿɫΧ
ȻЩѴﵽһֲĽޡ
ɫһϲ첽ȥ龡װȥһװǽװģٷۿȥɽΧ飬ʤⷬռһҲղꡣ
Դˣ㣬ҵѡд˴ӵĴҲǼɿռѡ
ҩ֣˳ɽˣȴһֱ뿪ɺͻȻϨʣɫһ䡣
Ƭ̣󷽾ʹ֮谵һͬʱʩչ
ӰոնУǧӵͻ˳͹վ֮ԣҩʳۼһ볲Ѩ͵ȡʳЩѴԵβŭ
Ƭ̣ȿ֮Ӱл𣬴վ׿ȥɫһ˿¡
֮ʵ顣
һɨϨ㣬ᣬǵӻʱǵ׿ڳŵﳤǿޱȣбǧ겻Ч֮ƣ˭֪ڹؼʱ̣ӡ
ƶ㱻۵ıڴˣ谵պú󣬸뿪ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ʶɨȥǰּ䣬һĹââкԶԶȥһ㡣
һ̣ɫޱأʶɨȥ֮ʱϡܿһӰ
ǵâȻš
ͬʱһͷԺ
أ
ȶصĻصĻ϶ڹڣǹȿ֮ǰʱֱԽյأݽ룬ǳʱΪķ񣬵ٴγѵȿڿյ֮
ЩԤ롣
˻ǰȿʱŲͣ£ȴ΢ɫƺ־ϲƺ𾪣ٴǰЦ֮ҲǴ
һΪ˭أʦܣɡ
ҹڲܵɽʲôѵ͵Ǵﰡ
ǰʮͣ£ֱһֻ֣ŹĹâӹâȿȥɫݣ΢Ц䣬һ˿⡣
˵ģû뵽ڴ˼㣬û󷨵ûΪʦܣӦ뷲ɡЦԽԽպεģɱ⡣
ǹɳɱ⣬ɫ΢䣬ΣɫĮ¡



020 ̰
Ϊ㣬ͬڵڵ׵ģֻΪԲмʹ棬ӲＸ꣬Ҳల£Ψڵĵӣ翴ͷ㣬֮
ȻǱĵӣǲҵģ裬ڡ
ʦܣҹˣĪк𣿡裬Ȼʵ
˿̵ļ費Լ޿κΣҪҲҪһ֮󣬶£Ȼȣ˹˼һˣȫ޴Ӳ
£Ҳͷһ
ֻиУҹˣĿģҲΪĳǵҩⵤҩʧƷУõ
뵽ٿڴһиΪ϶
ӱ
ɱ⣬ڸǶʼգɫƽɢɱһɲǣ֪ҹԼ̤ɣһΣ
Σ
Ǻ֣ڴ˽̣֮оƽƽԼ壬һƬհףеֻǹͷ
Ŵʶǣˮɽ׼
ľٶδӹ۹⣬Ц㣬ѧķ룬ԴʣȻҲǰͰˮ
Ŀ财һɨͫ΢ָۣ֮ϣâ˸հ㣬ۿȥʹޱȡ
˷ǽרע
ЦһָâȥٶȴǼޱȣɫһ䣬ĿֻһӦʱҼ紦ѱᴩ
ʹ֮дҼ紫Ȼᣬҽһ㣬Ӱȥ뿪âԭش
ڽâ֮ʱһӿ£Ĵ
Ŀһɨ۱裬䵥ϥּ䣬ץŰںڷɽЦ޶õȥ
ӣδС裬Ҳδ߿Ĳ㣬ҽֻ֮㣬зɽ»Ҳ޲
ͻԷ˰㣬Ҳ
˵ƾĲ㣬֡
ǰʰĿһ˿̰εɱ˶ᱦЩ񫣬򿪣ʶɨȥƬ̣üͷһ壬жѻɽķҩ΢΢ļ¡
ɵӲɣ˱֮ķҩȱɱռ
аֳһʶල裬һ룬ڴмʱĿ˸һģӴóһɫС
СһŹֵϢһϲС۴Ӻοȥƺ֮
˿ȭɫһ˿ѪâͻԼ䰮֮㣬ֻ侲Ψһû֮
ֻݵʩչֻһɱɵϼѡڻû֮֮пɣȱǳɹʽϵͣԻû֮âҲû㹻ġ
Ͼ֮УϵԹǿᣬٶȿơ
Ƿ͵ϮԥиУСʵһֱҲԼƬ̣Ŀ¶ϣֻһΡ
ۣû֮
ۼľٶһֱţδ⣬˿̵򿪺ǣʱһһɢУһ룬Ʈ
һ̣ɫ䣬ǹ˵ǽϵܸеĳԣ
֮
Ѳҥľ
пϲǴԼ֮;һƬϲ֮ʱʶеһƬ׿ȥʱͫȴһ
ǰ֮ĻȻһܣȫɣɢŲǶȿȥֻһӰ֮
оȣû֮ټȵΪ㣬ȴͷר֮ǳԽ֪
ѵţ
ͷ𣬾ͱѹ£֪ΪΣȴоͻ䣬ȴСйأˡ
ΣӾɱĸΪǿңֻδǰǽı־룬Ц
δӼ꣬ʱȻԼ֮ϣôӳȣôС
һ㣬âֱߣӲܡ
飡
ܱʯɽڳ䣬ϡɼܺӰ΢
һԤ֮У㣬ͷܣķ롣
ٴһ㣬貵ĽâӰ֮ϣ֮һɣһСӴԼ
ЦһδǰǽվԭأΣȳ䶨֮ʱĿɨȥɫȴļΪӡ
ǰʯ棬֮һӰֱͦͦͻؼ˰㣬ȻƬ̣Ӱϴ֮Уջʯͷ㣬顣
ϸϸȥⱾһ
û
רһļ죬Ψ㣬ʸͷţ
ĿһԺŵͷ֮ʣ紵һʣ׿ȥһƬţȻƬ̣һӰͻأ𣬽Źâһںɫɽᴩ
̣ƻʵϢ֮䣬ڹᴩ֮ʱȫóͦŷɽǰֱ壬շɽһϣ޼ɵٶȷͣ¡
Ҳȫڴϣʹ຿֮첻Ȼڴ˴ȴ֪
ɫ˫סɽ˫ּ䣬Ϊ󣬶¶ɫԽԽѪ˳ŷɽ£յ档
ּĿ֮⣬ʧȥ
ǰΨһͷǵԼȳɱ֣򲻻д˿̾棬Լһ񣬸ڴˡ
һж̫ĲΪӪ
ʼգһֱշɽ֮ƣɫľȻĿпϲԶԶȥͻһʯ
һ紵ͫ΢ٿһѳطɽʱѪֱѪϣһѪ֮Уǻļ䡣
С󣬵һɱˣ
ŻƬ̣Ŀ¶ϣʬֽѪһȶȥڹУ㣬ʬԶԶӿڽ䣬Ŀǧɡ
һкٻصԭأ֮Ų󣬼ȥ
ԽӽԽǼӿ졭


021 
֮Ļص赱ϴˢһѪ֮ϴϥڴϡ
̧Լ˫֣ƼǳɼƣĿãȻ
ǵڤɽԼͲ̤ɣɣԼҲɱˣһˡ
ΪףֳɬЦݣʱ䣬ҵƽĿ⻹΢΢˸
Լʲôޣڵһμ棬ȴȣڲٴεѣɴգԼֻܱѡ
ȣɱ⡣
ѵֻɱңȴܷԣûд
һ̣Ŀ¶ᶨС˿ӣ˿
֮Ҳ֪ɣС˵ֵº⣬ռǽΪı¶ûɷͽ䣬û淣ûжΨһģʵ
пһ轫ѹ£лǰһĻͷðϸ
ɱò˵ǽңһʼɱ֣ԼɣҪģһģһȻǱרȣҲԼһ˲Ŀ϶
ߣһһ֣ҹµģԼ
Լûȥ͵Ϯ
̾һ迪ʼǹ֮£ǽӣʧٹ˶ã϶ע⣬ʱѯʣԼҪһҧδ
иУƽȥѲĻ϶ᷢһ˿켣д򶷺ۼҲѲ뵽Լ
Ͼĵӣп
뵽΢һһһɫ֣ⴢǰ˳ֳµġ
ʶɨȥӴ֮ȡ
ҩƿӣֽʣĽɢ֮зõмƺŮõĶǶɴȹȻ֪͵ȡġ
Ǽɢ֮֬ζ΢к棬ŪƬ̺üͷ΢壬ɢ֮ӻشУЩῴû֪֮ΪҪղء
ʦֹȻǹһ谵
Ŀʣ༸ϣ촽ҩƿһһȥ
ҩƿֽţϷصӬͷС֣սǰȥСϡ
Σüͷһ⼸Сƿӣо鵤һƿ鵤һƿѪһƿʣµһƿʲôϻɢ
鵤ʳۼ鵤ܿٻָѪɢȥǲɶҩ
ںϻɢ迴˰죬΢΢ɻⶫŮãƿϼʳߣܴﵽˮ齻֮Ч
ԣΣ跽ʲôǽϣһϽС
ʣ༸ƿԼУ»Ѫɢ
轫£ӻѪɢһҩۣڱƬ̣ḧҼ磬ʱһ֮⣬ȫ
úǼֽɨֽţÿŶǻŹŹֵķţһް֮ɫţɫġ
ʶɨȥĿһ˿棬ֽϣӦŨһ˿ΣյϢ
ֻǿãɿֽкЧ֮
̾һֽУ¡
⼸ֽܱأӦǲĶʱڲһӦҳ

ٴλָйоأӣÿԷҩרһɷƽ˾Ҳδʧ֮¡
ԴˣɻΪӣҲ֮ͽ˵ʧ٣Ӧñǣɻӿӿеõ𰸡
ؼ̽ˡ
Ŵºо䣬в֮С
ֻ²ںδĻԼȥɡ
ˣ֮£ġ
һգһ㣬ҩװСɨīɫϥڴ
ҩЧǿϵڤڤиУĲ㣬벻Զˡ
ʶһСģݺƲ㣬˿̵Ʋ㣬ŲҩԵԽԽɫعư㡣
ǳ˴˿̼Ȼľսֻ賣ڴˣҲϰΪˡ
ԣϸϸŻ꣬ϵڶɫֻɫһȣࡣ
ǵڶ仨ɫ٣谵ϥ£ͬ㣬ϵ塣
Ƭ̣ٴν
ãϵ˿Ҳ˫ۣΪ΢ȻСÿ࣬Ϊһۿɼٶ˾͹ˡ
˳СĿͻأƲϣΣٲǰ
СãһֱѹԼ֮ģҲӲҹӴƲ㣬ֻǽղ֪ΪΣȻ̽һ֮
Ʋ֮£Ƭֳ̣һ˿ʶ̽˴ε̽㣬Ʋ߽֮в֮ƴʱж˿ʶ
ʶ߰㣬ӣһ̣΢΢ţƬ̣ʶƲ㣬ʱһصϢʶϢԶţֻرԴʶȥƲɵ׳֮С
ɫһ䣬ʶʱջأͷϣȴ亹ðֻ΢̽ˣϢֲ̫ˣĻ
ɢ϶ս
ԴɵɨƲ㣬ʶ˳СճСеһ̧׿ȥĿͽȻһ
СУֻڴǰ֮󣬲֪ʱվһˣһۣɢ֮磬ȴźͰ֮ЦݣøС
ЦȴԢ⣬оЦǡЦ
ĿŴˣһ˲䣬Ժֻһͷ
ڴ˶ˣ


022 Σ
ԥƬ̣ʱӴ𣬵׹μš
ＫΪƽϸϸȥһ˿
šɣ˿Ŀ˸ɫݣ軰ʱһ̧һƽ֮ʹͷ̧
裬ɺͰЦϷֻ;˴񡣡
蹧ͷֻĿⲻֱӣббԱߣ䣬ܸеɿĿ⣬ŹŹϢͻܿ͸Լȫ㣬ֱꡣ
˾Ƭ̣һЦеϷһͽжЩʱδطˣ֪з
ԣȫɲһиϣȻʱͻأ죬ǰ֮⼸仰Ӷһ㴫ݣֱļ䡣
һ̣˫۱ľȻƾʶԡ

ɫ΢ϺͰЦҲøĪ⣬ļʱ
⼸ƽ棬Уȴħһһ͸һֻʶ㣬ڳ
һΡãȻͻһʬ㣬ʱһɾʹ֮дʹů⡣
ůĿ죬ȥҲϸϸȥܷ˳ŴůҲ죬ɸĪΪɷˡ
һ˲䣬˫ͫһãȻĿȻ䣬ΪٴαΪᶨ
оüͷһ壬뿪ڣʱһǰãȻڳһμʦ֣ڲʱʧһ鼮ӻԩء
¶Ź֮ɫʵأ
ɬһЦʦƺԹҴûңʦ˵ϼˡ
ɾţƬ̣΢΢ͷԭȻˣϷͲϢˡ
䣬ĻȻתȥֻļ䣬ɻ֮иΪǿҡ
Ŀתһֱյ֣ѱˮ͸Ȼʱǰͣ£תʵ裬ǰʱ԰еͶߣ˵ڲЩݣӰ԰з񣿡
Ͱʻ⣬ȴйɲݿܣɲ֮
˻һһ䣬ܿȴȷд£Ӳ֪԰أЩֲңֲʱҲ˳Щ
䣬ָŴЩˣţҲ֪´ζȻˣֲҲˣҳ֪أᷢ䡣
˵ǹһϿҡ
ԣɲδǾ裬ΣˬһЦ֪߲Ҵ²Ǵ£ҲڻҪЩΣ
ʱվֱӣȤȽȽޣԽչǰʦ˵ԣ֮Ļ°빦˽ԲЩڵ棬ɢÿռ˵Ч治
˵ĿȣֵܴﵽΪȫĹͣţӣЩȥڴ£Ϊ϶ͻͽ
ɿǲ֪װɵɵı飬΢΢һЦֻ幦Ч㻹ˣţܲ׾ȥĻһܳɾʹ
ԣɫһϲɫ¶ȻЦݡ
ɹŹɨһٴν뿪ֻת˲䣬ɫʱЦҲתΪЦ
ģԴӵΪܻѹĶԵͲƣϷһΡĽʦ֣ͽ񣬵ˮ©װɵ
蹪Уһֱ뿪ãŹϷţɫݵشϣһᶯȻ
Ȼû˿˿̵ĺ󱳣ʪ͸
ڴϣͫ΢ǰΪλҹãѵ֪Լɱⲻܣ֪Ѷץˡ
ѵǻ𣿵ӣǧϰ٣ôƫƫԼ
һţüͷţڴϣм˼иУԼƺһΣУָоļΪ죬ȴŲɡ
ٻǰĿͽȻһر뿪Ǿ仰԰
ռֲݣΪ֪ѵ԰Ͷ
Դˣ費ÿɷ
԰Ĺأ˻ڴ˰꣬԰ֻҪ̤룬û˴ʲôͶߣֱ
ȻǾǻԡ
ٴԺл뼸ǰ֮£ռʱʶɨʶල㣬˵ֻǶ̶̼죬֮ϵ
п϶ǵලʶɡ
Ҳ˵ڼǰѾԼˣԿɽҹĵãƺ֮º޸ϵӦ˳ʶѡ
ɹΪһţΪλὫĿϣ
ԽĶ࣬оԽҡ
նϣң
һĿ¶ϣǰ뷨ԼΪɽǶ˼˼·ҲԽ
ɣԷһΪµĵӣԼҪԸӣĻҪԸĻӦͬݣͬʵˣӣֻһȱڣ˵һӡ
йصˣʵԼ൱ġ
һ˲䣬Ŀһ䣬һӰĻȻС

̾һԽ࣬Խеֲεĸ֣һָԼҲûɢԣ˵֪ĿǰҪǵġ
󣬱濴ƺޱȣʵΣСعļƺ󣬱ϾΪѾ
뵽ɽҹãнңϰ߽СڴĻһ١


023 
֪ꡣ
ɽϥΣ˫ۻϢӱγɢڿУ߳СݣվŴ㾰ɫ΢΢п
뿪ֹһ꣬¾ԼѾԽԽˡ
˿̵Ŀ΢ɫȴƽ䣬췭ظı仯ԭҲǷر˫ͫ䣬һ˿
ҩ뿪Ҳ꣬Ϊ㣬ﵽĲ㣬С֪ʱˣΪٴԭ̤
˵ҲһԴ㣬ңڣõľ鵤ڷһź֪ⵤҩԼò
Ͼ˵ֻǼӿۼٶȣȴС߲ͬһ
ڴﵽĲʱĽݺУٴδһû֮ԣǴĹأ˷ʸ㡣
ԴˣҲϰΪû֮ȣҪߣʩʱʶ֮أĿǰΪʮΣɹļʣʮһ
ȻǷЧҲľ
һ꣬Ҳ½ӣͬʱҲٿȣȣֻͬڵУĸΪǱĸΪһˡ
ĲΪʸ񣬱ϾͬڵУĲ㣬ǵ׵ΪȻӵʸֻԸֳͷıԣǲμӡ
֮ʱҲǰȥ⣬ڼ֤ǿķԼΪд
ȻûǼ˺ɨһеʵҲ·磬ص
һ΢Ӵһ߳Сݣǰɽˮ֮ɫɫ΢¶ãȻʱǰһӰע⣬ԶԶȥɽ·
Σվǰʱüͷ΢壬Ƭ̣Ҳͻָƽ˲ӣͬӡ
УԼѲ˵伣£붨ȻҪ֮¡
ͬڣҲ˾޴仯üĿӢرǾȵıԣԾԵʵɨķӣΪǱ֮һҲǱеİΪֱӵı¶
Ժڵʦܣһʦ֣ưĿӲֻڴ˴Ŀ⣬ư˼֣Ǿ壬һ˿ͬꡭ
ӣγЦķڽȴǵãСΪӲڵսϹףƾ㣬⣬ϲϡ
ϾԵʱԣԼҲҳڣɲ࿹
Ҵ忪棬ǶصĺӣѪҺԵ̳֮־η裬Ѷϣ㣬Ҳ˵ԭ
赱Ϊӿ϶裬ûҴͷ
ɽ紵ҡҷҴ꣬˴˶ţ˭ҲûȿڡӾţĿӺ΢΢ݡ
ǰΪĿеƽǾ££֪ԼΪߵԭ򣬻ʱ˱˴磬ĿǰȻͬ
ĿƽƽŴţͻޱߵĺƽһ̣ǧ򲻿СĻӭޱ޼ʵı
Ǵ
̾ӲźۼջĿ⣬ɫŹ֮Σ裬ǰһׯһˣҲѡ첻ˡ
ʲô
˫ͫͽȻһĿ⣬ֱӶȥƬ̣޼ԺǴݡ
Ψһˣ
ǰǹǿʶϣһգӲδо˿룬ҲţǾ仰˳·뿪
ͬΪҴ壬ԼˣʣµģΪأδ㣬ڣӼޱȣ趨Ȼȥֱ
뿪ĿãȻͻȻ̧׿Ų񷣬͸Ʋ㣬ԶϤӰϣôͰô顭
һ̣Ŀ¶ϡ
ٻصСʰһ˳ɽСȥƬ̣תΪУ󣬱Ϊնȥȥķ֮
ʲôأʲôնϷҪһзɴΪˣӣ
Խκȡһߣˣһļǣңִף


024 
û㣬ɳڣ
ɹڵһʦڶڣƷ֧˸淴Ҳδ淴Ƕڴʦ𾴡
ΪΣԭҲܼ򵥡
һδ㣬ȣһڣױ仨ջ
ΪϾ֮ˣصնϷǳǷ£֮һ;Ҳ޳ֲ
֮ʱֻмڴ̸ЦţȻļӣ⼸ڼȴ΢΢һ
ɨۣδĽݺٴνΪˣ󣬶ǽһ
ϾУĽݺ볣˲ͬʵʵĽԼɵӣԼóóȻ뿪ҲĽݺ鷳
Ҫһǽ۽Σؼҵͷı䡣
µΣֻܾĽݺʦڴˣĽݺӦҲ½УҲһһʦʺá
ʦſʦݣʦ־ʦЩ˶жʺ֮ʱɫҲޱ𾴡
ȴ⼸⣬һŮŮʮ֮䣬ݣͤͤ˵Сǰ͹ɼرǴŮ˫䣬һԾӨٵĶ׹΢΢ҡҷôŮͽ֮ʡ
ʮˣǽȻǳ֮ơ
ֻǴ˿ԴŮʣδֻ֪Ůĵӡ褡
˵Ů󣬸ǴܹŮʣҲڸ֮ϣϵһ֮塣
Ľݺ˴ͽһ½Цӯӯ
ʦã΢΢ͷ
۾裬ȻС΢ͬһ΢΢һЦк󣬾ٴξ¡
༸ʦּǰԶЦ褳ۻʣȻŮȴΪã֮ʱЩʱһƤҲֳʦֳԹͷĽݺҲԴͷʹѡ
Ů˵̰棬ȴ֮ÿνǼþգټʣԣ弸ӰĽݺҲǳĺܡ
ֻ£˼ŮһŮģҲѵһģȴܼ򵥣Ӵ٣˴˲졣
ʦºʦֽЦֻȴʱɨ裬ڴˣжţȴһμ
һͷӣҲڸʦִӳ޲Ҳʱȥ֪ﻹеӣҲԼʦ֡
ʦ󣬺ܶӸûһڵӣ֪ʦֵ꣬ǷһͳƷ
Ӷӡ
ԴˣҲϾÿ壬ÿɣЩ׵ĵӣҲЩ𣬵һĽݺ𣬵Ϊλֵӡ
õĴ𰸣ĽݺĲȻŭҲĽݺ״Σˣʦ֣ѡ
¹ٲᣬֻǶʦ֣ȴĺ档
º˫΢գȴܸӦеĿ⣬ɨĿ⣬ҲǺʦá
ڴŮûκӡеģҲֻǶ׿Խʣп
Ůһ꣬Ϊȴﵽ㣬ֲֿٶȣǱһˣ뵱꣬Լ㣬ȴ˶Ŭ⻹ҪС£Ŵﵽġ
ʣȻɵһ⣬ŮȻá
п֮ʱߴŲ˫ĿͽȻһ
Ľݺ߽Ϸ֮λϣºķɼΪϣֻǿ·ӵĿ⣬ų磬һ˿
գĿϣĽݺСһ겻һΣǰȻ¡
ܵǵĿ⣬վӣĽݺ뿪ڣʱͻȻо֪γƺȻУĽݺʦˣͷϰˣͻȻıĻܾЩʡ
Ľݺӣ΢΢һƬ̾ͻѹ֪뺰ͷˣƺ˽µûνڼǰȴЩ
һ۽ϰߵĳ˳飬ȿڵСӡΪʦк𣿡
̵ͽĽݺų磬Ҳ޿κΡ
΢΢ݣĽݺȿ֮⣬һ֪мżɽҪؼһˡ
ԣĽݺüͷ΢壬Ƭ̣ĳ£̾һ𣿡
ͷ
ʦ֣ʼҲ֪£ϸϸȥ軰⣬ؼңʱڣأû㣬뿪Υ֮Ѻ꣬Ϊʦš
أڴ˸ƣƽҲ⣬š
һ̣ʦü䣬ŽĿȴԼͬĽݺ
Ľݺ룬Σ׾³
ȥɣ
ƽ֣ȴüʦĿɿڴȫһٴοĽݺɫ䣬һ˿⡣
Ϊƽ̣µӷԼĽݺ׿ϣƾ㣬м
һ˵˳Ŵȥ
ĽݺĿ뿪ȴ˼Σ·ӣѯʵؼңкο
˻һ·˼žƬ̣ſվǰһӸովݵЦһҡͬվǰһ
־迼ǣƣͬˡ
Ψʦɨۼˣа̾Ҳ޿κվ
С褣Ĵɨۼʦ֣ܷܷСҲǰһʦֵľٶиУվǰһ֧֡
·ΪĽݺɫ¶֮⣬һӣȥɣ
Ӧʣһһ뿪⼸УΨɻȥɣҪɻ褻־ȥ
ȼ뿪ĽݺɫƽĿңңŽ巽âһҲʧ
ͽҪؼңʦģõȫҶߣ


025 
ɽӶ߲輫ٿ񱼣ɫȴޱϾĽݺ׿ڣ˵ĶˣĽݺڣδҲǲܵġ
ϾڶĽݺҲĪ
㳡˿̾ۼӣЩڸ֮Уÿдһѳϰߣ˿̣ͬΪܳĵӣ˪Ҳڴˡ
ʱһâ˸Ƭ̣һӰƮȻ£վ󣬿Ҳδ㳡һֱۣɽȥ
޶õΪù㳡ϰĵӽһͣ˵ĿУɻ뾪ȡ
Ϊ壬ƽ⣬ٵնУǶԽ𾴣ǵӣǱغƺȻ
ӣβеһˡϹףҲδڽ㳡
ǵĸģţ
أƺټأӦòֻ֮
ţпܣһڵӣӦš
ЩĿ˴ѯ˴˽̸ĿϣڳڵӣҲΨʸ֪¡
¶Σ׷ȥ;УЩӽ̸֮¶֮Ц
Ǳ⣬Ҫսʽء
˪ü΢壬ǰģӰҧҲβȥ輸һ伣ӽ˪ǣǵõĳ衣
һǰһ󣬽׷ȥ㳡ڵӼ˴˻һۣ֪ں˴ͷ֮£㳡ӺҵĽȥ
ԶԶȥƻֺ꣡
˿貢֪֮£һ·񱼣̤Ѷµ̨ʱʶֱϣƬ̣͸Ӧһѹѹһְ㣬ʶ˿ԽϿհ벽
ڴ
ɫδ䣬Ͽմжţֻ̽һѣһ̽⻤ڴһ˿ƣҪڣΨһķǴɽ߳
Ųδͣ£̨ףΣɽ֮ǰ
˿ɽŴۼʮӣЩװƺڵӽУȻǿɽŵĵӡ
Щӿʱһܿµվǰߺˣ
µһվǰʮ˽ǽɽ赲ǰͣ£ɨʮˣüͷ΢壬裡
壿
µΪڵӣΪֱ߲㣬˿ɨ裬ֻĲΪɫĮɽţΣ
µĿɨʱͬʶɨȥȺΪһһµ⣬Ϊ֮䣬˿ǵʻɫҲ
ڡ
ͬĮ֣
ԣµһƬȴЦѣأĲ㣬ɳڡ
ԴˣöԣĿֺ⣬ۣеͺȣ
ڻճּѻû޴ʯ־ʯɽֱȥ
۽Σִӣһ϶Ȼᶨס
µɫһ䣬˼˷˿̵һһɻĹȦǰͬʱ޴ʯײ
ĽȵĻӲײձ˴š
ҵĳκ˼ɫԲ԰ףĿŶԷּ䣬ٴ
Լг֣ԷȴæӦȻȴԼ⣬߲㣬Ȼ˵
˿̣µӱ濴޴󰭣ȻȴѪĿ⣬һ˿ɵΪȷĲ㣬ͷŵķ˿
ʮӸȴûô֪˶Ծǳ˿̽һз˴ۣУĲӣʵڹĿˡ
ͬʱµڻҲǿۣƬ̣ʮӷϣԼͬͷŶ
ףˮľ
Щ˴˶ײϡǣǱ˴ţǱ˴˵ӡ
ͫһƬ̻Ϊأڣѽֽ
۽ΣҲһѡ
Ϊ͵ӶؼңӶһ棬㣬ҲԼˡ
棬ڸַٽʱͻȻ䣬һӰۣӰٶȼޱȣƬ̣һ޴ʯӿն䣬ĻȻǰ
ͬʱַײʯ֮ϣ貵ĹâԼ֮ɽǰ첻ͣ˵ֺҵһĻںܾδˡ
̨֮ϣڵǵɽµһĻ˴ĿУȻ
رӣֽȭɫȴޱȼһ̣ȴޱȵľ壬ʱļҲһա
ԳУˣһ֮սڹ棬ĿֻΪˣؼҼһ档
ֺҶΪ֮٣ҲҿǼ֣ǿǣǴжصңһ϶֮£ƺĲ
ӣͬˣҲǾˣ
˿ɽ֮ǰ䶨ΣӰƮȻ£ºͽ赲Ŀ⿴ȥͻأжԼһ˿
ſʦ֣ݶʦ֣־ʦ㣬ʦ֣μʦá
ЩˣΪԼͬսڹ棡
ʦֶˣ
˿̣µΪ׵Ŀɽŵӣһţ˵ǰĲӣ֪ǳսڹҲͰˣ¼ȻʦҲվ
ⲻʹսڹ棡


026 ʦ
ſ¶һ˿Ц⣬µӵƣʦҪһˣи㡣ɫ˵Ц⣬֮ȴŰԵȻ
ԣµɨſɨ༸ˣаƣ⼸ͬڵӣΪȴﵽ˾Ų֮䣬ƾЩ˵ӣȫ۵
뵽ɺݺݵ裬СӳڣΥڹ棬ҲᣬҲصӰһըɽţڴʺ
ɬһЦʦ֣ⲻҪѿҷȥҿﰡ
ſԣ΢΢ͷȴĴţˬ죡䣬ת裬΢΢ͷʾİ־˵
ʦҪؼңʦֵģõȫȻ˲õſһ½ǰһŲϢͬʱͷš
ͬʱݼ˽ǵЦһ˴ǰһ̣ǹѹʱ㣬µӣɫҲò԰˵Щӡ
ѹϾͻһְֻ㣬Ӳɽǰƿ¶һֱɽŴһ̣µҲΪ
ʦܣڣſȵ
ԣĿһڼʦֿ·£һɽȥ
һĻϷٴһƬӿ˴Ŀ⽹ϣŹ
µӣ˿̼ΪرǧһƿָоΣͷ˿Щڰɡ
󵨣
ɽż֮ʱĻȻһŭȣŭȼΪ֮ʱͻ֮ŭһ㡣
ſ˼ɫһ䣬ſȺʦܣߣ
֮ʱɫͱüΪأ۽ǰɽţֻ׿ۼʦ֣ΣŲҲͽȻͣ¡
֪Լ߳ţģȻǼʦ֡ǳҲͰˣ⼸ʦ֣Ĳǡ
һͣ٣ʱеȷ棬̧׿ȥһֱ˶£֮֮첻
գʯɽǰʱɽҵ΢ҡΣɽǰƾʯҲֳѡ
ȻУһĻȻվ޷ߺ׷ͯգ۴ţɫǻ֮ɫرü䣬ɷ
ɨ輸ˣȴһӣһӣſ˻֮紵ӲԼ˼
Ŀ裬ŭ󵨵ӣ֪ڹˣӲɽţʦνġ˵˻֮ʱǿʶϣѹȥ
ѹ֮ǿ뵱ϹȣȫͬնԣһѹɽΧʯѷٴα
ڵ׵裬ʱеȫߴߴ֮죬ͻʱ㣬ĿڽǣѪֻƻֺ֮£ɺȻվƾǹǹɹִ
Ŀȴߣ˿ȴ֮⣬ͻһ˿һԼС
ͬʱǹ翵ůٴ𣬴ٺʶϣǹɻϢҲڱС
һĿ裬ȴ֮Ƭ̣ɫرǸӦϷǧӹг衣
ϷΪͷƽ̣ѹӷͷҶź轫ָӣһĹ򣬽δȥ
ĽϹԲסˣͽڴˡ
ţЦһٴμӴһ̣ɽܱʯѣɽ̨Ҳ졣
ĿһѹδѸеϢȻڴʱȴޱȵĿ߾ͻ˵ϸֻ֮ݺΨһö֮
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һļᶨ
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Ŀ죬Ƹ˲ɫ䣬˲շתշȡ֮ѡˣʶոջأһˣоҲǰ¡
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ǽӡȴĿɵޱȣӡԼϣȻˣɨϣɫüΪ
Ľݺ
ڿʱȴһȴԼ˼ĽݺĿ⿴ʱȴǿѹƣվ˫ȴźߣü䣬Ǵһ˿
ͷƽ̣ˣ
һ˿ŭ죬¶ŨŨɱ⡣
ãӣĽݺˣοЦһ
һվʱΪϷڵӵĽ㣬˴ɫԱ䣬иĪ⣬ӣּ𣬾ͻׯһ㡣
˪˿ü壬޵ӣСȴ΢΢ҧԽԽģˣֿ֮С
Ϸӱ˴˽̸ʱǼӰ£һŮһǴɷ֮ƽ̣һء
һ̣Ϸǣ㣬ĿǴȣκ˽֪ɽ˺䶯ϵƽһأǧӹսȫһ˵
꣡
һսڹΪڴռ


027 Գ
ɣˮˮͷź裬ĽݺƽһأһĪƣɽΪģǵķȥ
֮ľʯ֮ΰ㣬ɽ֮ϣǧӽǸеһ֮У𺳡
輸ӣȻվĽݺȻӦǹѹɫһޱȡ
ƽվ֮Ҳԣͷź裬վɽǰʣƽ̣ĽݺΪ˴˶
ɫɴݣֻȴΪ䡣
ˮƽ̣ƽƽ̣ͬһڣʿȴԼźȴмһˡ
ϾԼźʼڷŶԢʿ
һְҲȨ
Ŀвɲһ䣬Ƭ̣¶ͰЦ⣬ȻĽʦ֣Σ
Ľݺɨһۣ˵֪ʣЦѣеҵҪڣΪʦģԵһ
Ŷ΢΢ͷͻĿǰ֪°㣬ֵأδĲ㲻ɳڣأۺ˽ԲԽѵ㻹ӳ𣿡
ӹڹ治ڹ档Ľݺ˵һӣȻϣϹ£ӿ㹷ƨϣӣ¡ûš
Ӹ˵Ҳ÷ţҲ÷š
ΪɽŴһֱϴȥϷǧɫһ䣬ĽݺĿ⣬
ƽҲ壬¿ǿѨ硣
Ľݺ֮ɫδŭ⣬ɴݵĽʦ֣Уڣҵ
˵һ룬ĿĽݺһɨǰľƣ˵ģԷƽ֦ͬǧǰ棬Ҳֻ̡ܽ
ҪڣǺ޷Ӵ·뿪ĻڹҲһ˵ǡ˵˴Ŀ΢
Ψһòòоʹޱȣһ̿ݺȥ㡣һ֮ţڴ˿ԺһȡԷ׿ϡ
ֻȴδĽݺĸ飬ЦĿһɣɵ˰ɣ·ڶԣ˭߳Ϲ߹ٸӷƨ
³־åĻĿ֮£ˣɫ΢΢䣬һε˲Է˿飬ǹɱ⣬ΪǿңֻǵȻǲܵģţͲˡ
Ȼˣֻڹ¡ɲٶ˵һ̤ǰâʱ˸̤ǰ֮ʱԶźҲˣЭܣΨʵᣬͬʱ̤ǰһҫۡ
Ӳģ˶𣿡
ĽݺЦһתˣ΢Цͷͬʱͬʱ̤ǰһӲ˱һ
һ̣ƽ̣ѳɽ֮ơ
վĿһֱĽݺů⣬ͬʱһͷ
·
ͷΣ̤ǰһ·ҹ֮·ҵҪʶһ
˵ƽ
ǣȴƽͽȻһǽ֮ҲһĽݺתȥĿɻĿ裬˿վɫ䣬ϲޱ
ֻĽݺĿУһ˿һ˿ţǱԢ⡣
Ƭ̣Ľݺ̾һ֪СϰԣһκȰҲãһޡ
Ȼ̾ĽݺлǼΪοɨϷڵӣɨɣŹִЦһ
ЦԢԣ·ķӸɸ𣿲ңӸң
ЦĽһ˦ֽＲɶȥִȣͽ·кοɾ壿Ϊʦۿ̸֮߳ɫĴ
ʣ༸˼˴˻һۣȥֻȴ
·ǰħ֣ħڴ·ɱ죬ѪɺӣʬҰȥǧԹͽǻڴ˵Уǽ룬ؽԹħӶʧʶ壬ΪԹħ
˾ǣ·ԽΪҪз룬ȴȻ֮߳ȴǲͬĿǰΪֹʦ߳·ģʮˡ
߳·ļʦδ˵·кѹأҲδ˵кθʱȥûκǰᣬߴ·ĵҲԽԽ٣ʱգҲ˵
Ψһ˵·֤֮·
ΣĽݺĿ⿴ȥǲ֮£ǧɽ֮Уϡɼһ׵Ľݺ֪·
ʱȥԽԽӾۼɽ֮ϣĿ£΢ľսرǴǰ֪·Ǹǵһ
˿̣Ľݺһ˳ɽС·ȥ


028 ·
ʼգûĽݺûȫ֧ΪһˣӶ淴ء
дʦӣ
ԣ費ǡ
̸֮ɫ䣬Ϊֺõĵ·裬ûκεֻ̤ˣûѡ
վɽǰ߶͵ɽڣĿ΢·žϸϸȥܿ·һߺ۵İ׹ǣһѹ֮Уͷ
Σһ̤һ̤ؼͽȻ仯ɽɽ֮أڷɣޡ
Ƭ̣ʧ٣һĻϤΡ
Ҵ壡
ϤСУ農ţСϹһЦݣǰѣ˿̵ҲһͰΨһͬǣ˫ȴĿϲĿ裬ͻҪС
һһ٣ţֱƻʱ֡
һ̻ʱֹͣ㣬ܳãһɲǣУȴеޱȵޱȵİָ꣬оδйġ
ͬʱɽ֮ϣǧĿɽ£͸ããϡɼһӰվڵ·ǰֻǴ˾ͻһʯ㣬վţ֪
ĽݺĿ˸а̾·δ߹ȴʦ֪·һϣ֮
֮Ϊ·ԹħӦأӶ˶ʧԣʱȥҲǻΪԹħ֮һ
Χ۵ӣ˵·Ҳȴ֪·ԽԽѣǰ벽ͳԲߵĸˡ
ˣеĵҡͷ̾еĵȴЦ·ӶߣһĲĵӣȴ
ĬĬע·۽ɨĽݺЦĽϹٹһʱ䣬ʧȥԣԹħˡ
˿ɳУӦǹɴϢеʣͻ걼⣬깴ĶǵƣͻȻصа㡣
֮˿֮أǴ˴Ͼÿжи裬ѳۿԼ
ԹħӦԸԸóУԲǵˣÿ̤֮˶ˣϾõĶκ˶ڴʱͣһ̣
ʱĹȥ˯֮У˫ҲΪʣӶϣʱǹصůٴӿٺ˫ۼ֮ʱһ㽫ѡ
ʹҵʹ
ͬʱһΣ֮д˫ͽȻһָоϤһֱģҲĸ
ڸоȫٴλָյľ䣬Ŀһɨǰɫת䣬һʱǵа׹֮һʱǴѵס
ֳת֮ʱһҧ˳ŵ·ᶨУиУǰŵΣ֮лع飬ԼóУΪ˷ֹڳԣΨһķߣ
һǰͬʱֲȥĴεǹůڴˡ
Ųǰ֮ʱϷǧб仯ĽݺһֱݣҲ¶Ц⣬ɣĿƬ̣¶Ц
һؾˣԽԽѣһ̣㻹ǻԲѵġ
ӵд뷨ģһˣɽǧУһ롣
·ԽԽѣ
ǰǰתĳŲģһƬѪɱ¾硣
ѪɺӣʬҰԹ죬ǰħֵһս
ŲͽȻһ١
һ٣Ϸӱҡͷ̾˿֮أѵ·ǰΣȻٴϰ
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뷨Ľݺſˣӽ뵽⼸УΨĽݺţСȻܹ߳
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˿ɫ糣ڿѪɱ¾һĻ΢΢һƬ̣Ǻϣ¶һ˿Цݣɱ֮Ѫ֮սһĻ뵱ڤɽȣС׼ס
ڤɽǲľ춯֮ս
ħ֮ս
ЦһϷǧӹ£ٴǰУУʿħǰϮдѪк׷֮ԣһ޶á
һжǻã
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ЩԣЧ벻ȥ
ͻһũμӵۻҹ㣬ʶ߼ģٻȥҹ磬ϲ֮Уеֻף˶֮ġ
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ԽǰУߴ֮Щޱȣǰһ
۷棬ױˡ
ЩŮӴŲɴ£ɴ֮£ǼͦɫȻԼ֮ϡɼͽջ֮
Ŀ˸ЩŮӣű߼ʵȻ֮ϣĿƣڰѩȼ䡭
Ů֬㣬ǻ
ҲǲԼһ٣һ٣跢֮ʱһž޴ᣴϣϷϮˣŮȻЦЩŮһǱǣ֬һ⣬壬ѩ塭
裬ͬɣŮ޹ǵ֣ѣоȫͻرС·һɻȡ
Сһ˽ӴŮԣֻ֮У޲÷ѹ£޶սֿŮ֮ʱԥˡ
;ǰþ֮ʱҲǸþ
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һ̣ĿִӷãҲջأ·ΪѶУ
ջʱܱ߼ŮͻȻʧȻϸҲڶͣ£δֹͣƮŵ㣬һŮŵĲǰһ˿⣬˫ȼ䡣
Ůȹź˿ʵԵ÷ˮۣŻ˵Ĺչʾޱȶ˵ഺϢ
˫ȼ䣬ŮߣһŴŮ£ģ覵
ĿͽȻһŮ˽֮ĿƣŮϣɫ¶һߺ졣
˪


029 
ΪڵһŮ˪ǧӰĽ˿̵յĮ߹󣬻֮ģһ˿ޣرڳ֮£ղܡ
ſϣ˪Ĵ۾裬Ȼڣ裬û뵽ڴ˵뵱ǵһμʱһҲע⣬ΨڲǴΡ
ͻ˰㣬˪ÿμ˵ӿʼĲмһֱ΢΢⣬ٵ߾ܾ顭
ܾĳ֮УҲ˵
̣Ŀ˸עŮϣаþȻǿճõһ顣
ʵ
ֻﲻͬǰأʶˣǲδԣɻþɴڣҸ߳þмΪ侲Ȼ뵽ǰܾŮһĻɫ΢΢ݡ
ܾǣǳ˪Ǿܾ˪ܻҸΪģѵǡĽݺһ񺮡
뷨ɫٴһ䣬ĿŭɫĽݺܣǻþֵˣԼʦ㡭־
־Ϊ֮һ̤ɵ·ˣоͻŮ㣬£ǻþг־Ȼԣȫ֪ԡ
ΣĿ¶ϣ̧׿˪ϣĿа̾һ˪ѹ£еͺȵ
˽ǻŮɲһ㣬ᣴ֮ϣƸ꣬ˮ齻ӡ
ֻУᣴʵޱȣһжǻþ٣棬һѲҪҪģƿþΨһİ취
ãᣴָƽķǻĴ˪ſ֮ϣԴ糺֮ɫֻĿɲٱ䣬ͬһı䡣
裬֪뿪𣿡˪衣
ԣɫ΢䣬תͷŽߵȴǾޱȣڴ˵ص˪ǻ֮һ˵ⷽ
Ϊɫ֮˹ѣǾɫɹҪ̤ɫ֮Уһ̤룬ɫ֮᲻ϻû룬һڶܶʼ
˿˪ֽܷܷ̺ڵɫ˵ΪĮϡɼһ˿糺⡣
農ţ
˪ü壬Ҫƴ˹أ롪õһУˣ򲻻ֵڶˡ
˵˴ɫŨ
Ŀ˪оʱ˪Ŀƺڿӱܣ̾һ˴˿̣ԼҲֲ˪棬Ǽ٣
˪˵иУ˪УҪ
˵ףڽգΪ඼ǵһΡ
˪ƺΪѣΣ΢΢裬еڽչ󣬽ҿġŮˣҷУ½桭ҵµĵ£УԶǵһ
ǰʵ˰ĻΣ˪΢һ𣬶ʱһ֮дȫиֻϮ
ѹоظ˪ԡ
Ƭ̣ᣴʧ˪ҲţΧʱ˵·С
оȴ˺ܾãֻһɲǡżž糣ĵ·а̾˵عȻޱȣټ٣ټ棬˳Բѡ
һҧǰУʱͽȻһĪȻףɽ֮һӰ֮ϡ
ĻԼĳУ
һٴǰС
˿ɽ֮ϣǧɫüΪʣΪԭػͣʱ䣬Ҳһ㣬ȵһػҪ̡
ƺԽǵͣʱԽ̡
ǧУվһŮ˿ӣҧȭָ׽ƴѪҲδΨйɲʵ֮С
·ѣ죡
ΨＸƽ֪ЦԼԼ̤·ǰο̤ǵĶΣ·Ϊֲ֮أԼҲû㹻̤
Ͼ˶·ΪʣԵǵ֮ģ
ǡ֮
һ̤ǰУھʮɾüͷͽȻһ壬һǿΣ֮ǻͻǰһ̤ڤ磬ֻء
ͬʱҽҲڿУƬ̣ĿһŲӶ¡
һ̤棬ͨúڳһƬֻХҷ磬ǰһɺ磬ϯ
˷һ㣬֮ʯɽƲɵ
ɻصԶɽ֮Ҳɼһ޴·֮ϣһ̣ǧӣĽݺҲɫ䣬ԶԶȥˣ˵ߵ衣
Ҫ·̤߽û뵽˻ȻƵΧ۵㳬ǵ
˿ȭȻвϸԼǼٵģǺ쫷罫ָоȴʵʵ
Ǿ֮Ծ⣬˵֮ޡ
ѹѹңǺһҽٲ·֮⣬ɫޱĮֱǺһԼǰ
Ǿ£ڱ˶ȷʵҶԣҴδ¹κΣ֮ǱȻһ̤ǰ쫷ȥ
СʱܾۣҲĥԣһ϶֮£̤ͷĻңִҲ˵ǹִҲ˵ǰ
̣෴֮ԶԶˡ
һǰУԽǽ쫷磬еϱεĴʹ̧׿ȥ쫷Ӵޱȣ˵ǵأһУ谭ǰĲ
֮ɫ֮ɱ֮֮УΪ򵥵̤֮ģСů˿̵ѻԹħˡ
֮Ϊµģȴ׵ģɫ֮Ҳ


030 
֮һɲĻ󣬴̤֮˶䣬ɵƽ̽룬򲻻ֺ쫷磬ǸΪǿģֱ̤֮ʶ
˵Ĺ£Ӱʧ쫷Уͻ˺ĩ㣬쫷֮ǻɽȡ
һ̤ö˶һ˾ˡ
·ѹûˣм裬߹ȥûκʵЧȫֺá
ֹֺãಫ
ɽ֮ϣڵӵϸһЩ·治ѵĵӣڴ˿̣ҲǷ֮ģУĽݺɫΪƽƺɴգŵӶİ㡣
ֻУһڵǣ֮⣬輸ʦһ
ʱ·Х֮СǧĿ֮£Ǻ쫷תҲһ߽⣬
Ӱֳ˿ǰУɫ糣ʼմδɫ㡣
ں쫷Ƭָ̣ͨ˶ݰ߳ʮٴһ䣬һ޴ʯ˳
˾֮ɫŲȥÿһɽȴǾ𶯣ʯϴ£ˣɽϷΧˣǸе¾𺳡
֪˵Ϊ·ڼǾʱû˸һ١
ž˴һ̤ѽʮ֮޴£ͻһֻϰ㡣˵˻õҲգˣδ֮ʱ٣оʵ
ĿһŲδͣ£ֻ֪ҪЩη壬СǾٲ֮ء
ھٽͷ֮ʱںһƬֻХҷ磬ƼΪֺ꣬ȭ𣬿ͽȻȣ졪ҿ磬ƣ
ǰһ̤
һ̤Ʒ֮죬ž޴ʯѣ¶㣬ջʯһ£ЩʯͬʵޱȣΨһϡǣµʯٽʱԻ١
һĻɽϷ˲δ⣬˿ǵĿͨϣЩǵصʯУ
㾪֪ǶԻûʵǶΪ
ھ˱²δ֪ͣѿͨͷھͷֱ֮ͨ⣬ʱǰͻȻһ
̧׿ȥɫһ¶ݣҲˣ˵ɽϷˣڴ˿̣ۼʶƽ̣½ĵӣһ⣬ͻһĻ
ǰĺ쫷磬ʯˣλã벻·֮һΣˣռǰգ˵ա
īޱѹкɫƿնЩĿİһջһС
ֱʣƿƣײڲ֮ϣһ̣¡¡֮շ۹âͻһ¶ѺۣѺ۲ϼӴˣ

Ȼˣδ
ؾҶɳ㣬Ƭ̣ǰɽ룬߷Ǳһŵڶ
һֱʤǧҳڿвۣһСմҿ
ѣ
ݺϣջһ޴ޱȵУһ̣س˴⣬һĩա
滹Ǽ٣
ĿѰĩգϷˣ˴нǾڴ˿̣û˸һ棬û٣Щڵĵӣ֮
ǻΪãѹû˸̤룬ѹ̤·ʦ޳룬ԭˣ
ͫ΢ͻأĻ׿ȥɨɽϷ˾ݣ弸ϣһҧǰȥ
СĽݺڼٴǰʱ֮㣬ֻҪ֮ˣ֪
ܣ
ֻҪԽıģľսʶܾȶ飬ͻ˵һμ㣬ӣȱȽǡ
ǰУԽǽӽУɫԽأתȥ·֪ʱʧ˿У֮䡣
˿̵е߲ƣ׷ڣһȥ߼ʣʱҲǼƮ֮첻
ͻȻ䣬ͫһǾ޴бϣһϤףĽݺʦ֣ɣ˪ӡ
ڵĵӣ֮⣬ףֻЩ״˿жתġ
һ˲䣬Źͷⲻǻ󣬶ʵģֻҪģҲΪǡ
غһĿ¶ϣжȥ
˴˿̣û·ˡ


031 
ٽһɲǣоȫʹޱȣָоǱȻȼգ⵽ڣһֱ꣬괦ͬˣһߴ壬ֱʶ
һĻɽϷҲǼ޴ǰðһ𣬶һ֮䣬һĵߡ
һ˿̵ͻȺ۵ս֮ɫޱȡ
Ĳĵ
иķ

ߣԶǰ䣬˿̵ٽѪһķ£ֹѣʹ֮Уֱļˡ
ֻһֱţǻ󣬱ϾػĻԼˣֻ֮ǿ˷ֲ١
ڴһɲǣ۹âҲʧ֮⡣
֮ڱߣΪİⰲȴŹϢĿĹˣããһƬ㣬̧׿ȥ֮ʱɫȴһ䣬һ֮£ȫԼ
ա˫ϥء
顣
һε亹˳£ɫΪ壬ǰ̧֮ʱһ۹ǹأ죬һ̣иУǾ죬κǰ֮

Ƭ̣ɫ¶ȭػڵ棬Ҳǲֻһͷ
ΪѶʲôڹ棬ʲôң
ҽŸովһƲɵٴδϷ£֮ǿ£ź赱ȣֱһһأ֮£Ѫովٴſ¡
һſºǹѹ䱳ϣǧ֮ݲվΪжӶִȴ
ʱͻ
һɫââգϷͣ£ȹâ֮ʱһɫ
˲תͷųһ֮⣬֮Ϊģⲻӣ֮ǰΧİâ֮˲ɣʣİâ֮а㣬мۡ
ͬʱǧʧվ𣬿ǰɫɫΪءɫУӦһԢ⣬ڲǰκã
ϸϸȥ֮ʱŷСɫʲͬ⣬һޣرʮ仨ꡣ
ʱռ䱻֮ɫԣ˿뿪裬Ź򼫷ɶȥٶ֮죬跴Ӧʱѵ֮ǰ
ʮ仨תڣȥ̣迴ǧٸײת䣬Թ֮첻
ԭˣ֮ɱ֮ɫ֮֮ЩԹħȻҲԹħֻԹħû̫ǿˣ
򣬿ΪСɳΪСܹԹЩɻѣ֪Сֻ
ʱɫٴηɻأһС봢Уٷۿȥ˿̿ռ֮ӣһƬâ֮ɫ
ΣٲٴǰУиУ˵Ȼڿռʵ·УҪ̤ƻþǰߡ
˿ɽϷǧӲעǾ޴У˿̵ֹͣתɵ߲ƣһ죬رܱߣ֮ƣľսԱ߻ƽڴˣвٵͼˡ
Ŀ⿴Ǿ޴У˵ģ·û֮ǿѡǶֱʣֻСɻƺûŵļ
Ľݺӣ˿ҲĿУſһƽȴĽݺڴˣﲻٵӿ⼸ɫˡ
£ֻӲš
Ψɫ԰𪣬͵͵ʦĽݺһݣڿ羰㣬ڶʦֵİΣƺŨŨš
Ƭ̣褻ǴĽݺֹУһ仰
Сӹˣôѽ
һߣĿУУ˾޴ԼҲδظ룬˵ǧУһ˸ߣĲΪȴˣȻ֪̬ȣȴޱȡ
Ȼо壬ǱʶȴˣС֮ϣͬڵ֮ϣκԽλ
֪Уеλһ͵壬ٵڣƽƽĶ֡
Ⱥ尾ܺȥҪĿǹǵصʱǧв֪˺һ䡣
ӿЩȥɣþҲȥ
ԣĲ㱾Ͳɳڣڹ棬˲սʤ죬⣬Щ
ǧдֻֿûǣҲǵֱᡣ
֮ҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽʱǰͻ֮رػ죬Ƭ̣һ֮
ž
࣬˲ָǰ֮ɫţ֮ţɽɽˮˮ죡
·ͷһӰȻվ
һ̣ɽ֮ӳ֮žǳƽ̣ǵӣ˴ֻһͷ
߳ˣĲΪ߳ˡ


032 ׯ
ɫԼǰ޾ɽаԽң·Ȼǳ˿ߣԼС֮һҲ߲
Ҳѹʦ߽߳ʮˡ
ѹļ£׿ĿɨĽݺ֮ʱܸоĽݺɫԺ֮ɫһԺʶһͦţ߹·һˣ塣
Ŀϣһ˿⡣
һǰ֮£֪˲ǰĶţر뵽ԼͼҵĽݺȱ㣬ôĻ֮
˼ʶţҿɳڣ
ɽȣػɽ˶ĿһɨΧѱĵӣ¶Цݡ
Թͼ߹·ĵӣʤ߳Ľʮˣʮһ¸֮ڽ죬ټһˣʮһˣΪĲ㣬漣ϱڣĪ˵ڣҲǿܡ
ԣɳڣ
ĽݺﴩɽȣڵӶǻ˵£Ŀ֮£ǧĿǵ߳·Ҳ޿κΡ
ԣɫ糣ȴһϲлţ䣬ĿлĿĽݺ΢΢ͷ֮£ǰС
˿̣Ľݺ轥ȥٺһЦڵӶһֵˣӾͰ֣ͻظУǺܲԵġ
ΪʦָͷʹԴ֮뺣һ
ĽݺһϿҵڵϹһ⣬ͻ˵ҵĲ㣬·ǸǡңԲ͵ȡ飬ʶһ
Ԣ⣬ҲӦ˴Цѡ
ĽݺδݣǶɹֵ֣ǵӲϢˣ˼Ҵ˲С
۽ǳ˳飬ĽݺĿ֮ˣһֳԼȵխƲѣ££
ΪţſɳŴ
ƽ̱˴˶ޣ֪
ĽݺÿƽһһƨɴԼ뿪;ȴŭ⡣
ſӸ˵ٴˣҪ͵ɸҪ͵ȴ㿴ҵģ˲طҪ㡣ݣƨҲзݡ
Ӵҳͷǣ˴ļ䰵㣡
褸ŵͷǣ۽ȴ뿪ɨȥ֪ˣΪ˿ˡ
ֻΪ棬ϾĲΪ˱ȱȽǣƽޱȣΩ·ҲΨ߳·
ĽݺȥɨڵӣɢɡĿƽޱȣһɨʱȴһ
䣬뿪ת˲䣬ɫŨŨ⣬ڽ価棡
ʣĵӣ˴˵̸ۣУǵӣΪĲ㣬ȴ߳·߳·ˣĸǵ¸أĸǸĪ⡭
̸齻̸ΪĽݺǷٵӸпɬȷʵӸ·Ǹ
½ڵĵӣң
ͬڵӣΪ׵ģͬң
һڵӣϹΪ׵ģǸңＸʮ߹ˡ
Ҫߴ·ֺãϾδ˵߹·ߣΪʵʰ㳤

Ųȷɽɽ룬ٶȴǼޱȣ΢΢·þ˲䣬оЩ仯ֻǵʱǧǰϸ
ֻ£ˣ仯ʶǰʶͷܸӦɾ룬ȴ󼸱֮࣬䣬ʮɷΧ䶯ָơ
ʶЧ辪ϲѣǰͷŵʱйƿز֮Уʶȴͷŵڴˣû֮ҲȻֻĲ²⡣
ʶɵã·̫ڿֲһ֮Ҳѡ
;УʶĴСԹ֪кα仯ӦòӦ
ׯ֮·;Ƿߣû굽ﲻˣУҲҪʱ䣬һ·񱼣ǰһɽȺ
ڤɽ
ڿڤɽ֮ʱƣ¶ϲ⣬ڤɽ̫ϤˣʱһˣΨһȤҲڤɽڤɽһЩ֮ҲָƣҲΧ
ɽãƮһׯǰ
ׯ
վԶűߴǽΧׯɫ뻳һתۣ뿪ĸͷˣǵͽԼ»ڴµµΪһֱ
̾һ軺ׯȥ
ʲôˣ
ǽ֮ϣһĿ裬ʮ˾꣬׳˫ּ伡ʵޱȣһúı
⼸ˣ֮ʱѷ֪ҪػׯΪְ˵ȼ֣ӦǺˡ
ǰУڹرյĴǰͣ£̧׿ȥڵ裡
裿
껥һۣ˴ҡͷƬ̣ΪȵûׯͿðׯģȥ֮δȥݹҵ顣
ʱ䣬跢췭ظ仯⼸˼ŹŹʣͳˣ֣ׯǼһټ϶ʱͬӴǵĸָ
ڳׯ֮ˣֻǵӣˡ
ɫ糣Ϸ꣬Ȼׯ˵Ϻθ飬Ҳǳ֮أҲɴչˣƾ㣬Խضֱ롣
ҪĻѶȻ֡
Ϊ޶ԣɵüͷ΢壬վ·ѹ֮УǴ˵ׯκûͨص֮С
ҪУȥӼɵĸˣѽԼͬһٮٮߣŴݣ֮⡣
ջȣ˭˭ͣҿǷԲͬһ꾲Ƭ̣޶ԣеȻˣ
гìоۣ·һȥ
ìһΧǽ༸ɫ䣬еڤɽܲסһì꣬ì
ѪգԷŴݣӦмֱ£Գ嶯ƣȴδǵԷܷ£ܡ
Ҫ¶ⲻ޹ɱˣ


033 
迴Ʋɵĳìüͷ΢壬Ƭֻ糣ڳìʱһץ׾ٽìץ֣һ˦֣ìǰ㣬磬󷽼þᴩղһʯϡ
һᶯ֮˶ԣ׾٣ڼȴرǿìᴩʯֱìβʱǸĿɿڴ
һ̣ʲôѪȫʧΨеĳ˾⣬Ǿ
ׯûʶģׯԪǰӦûǵҡϷǳ嶯꣬ɫɲ䣬ϾҲׯأֻµЩѡ
ԣһ˳ǽ£ʣԴɵĿ裬ΣŴ򿪣߳ʮˣʮһǿ׳·硣
Ϊһʮ꣬׳ķϣĿ棬֮ʱüͷ΢壬ϸϸȥ֮ʱɫһ䡣
ȻׯׯԪ
ڴŴʱĿɨȥϳϤףԪϡ
裿Ԫ
ǡ΢΢ͷԪûκжԣϡǵöʱοԼ
ԣԪ̾һ仯̫࣬ر֪ɹǰٸнմҰ֣ڴ˿ڳɲˣݣׯ棬Խˣׯ֮ϡ
ֻԪС賤󣬸֪ӵԸ񣬹ִţ
衭裬Ԫֹҡͷȥ
˻һһĿԪɭȥԪ˵ʲô˵һʱһһٶŻһĪıŰϢ
ǿϢһԪ壬ɫҲԲ԰ףҧ裬Ҫڰ˳䣬ȥʵ
ܡ
һɫҲһԪȥĿͨ졣
ȥ˭ٲѡ
ǰΪ̤ɣмƾǹɹִӶߵ졣ڳǿ̣ѼϲãУ׼˲ݵҩԺУڲµۼķЩΪ˽죡
Ϊ֮꣬ۼԼһ棬ⲻѵԸ֮Ը
Ȼعȴȥ
˿̵ʹ˺ѷεʹ࣬ÿǰһŹֵĲɲˮǣˣнǸеһɱ
貢δһ̣ԺΨеģǴݣů˫ֽһִׯ̵İۣŮߵı
ѿ֮ˣΨһˣ
ٽԪǰͫͽȻףһ죬ץԪƭң
ڿΪΧׯҲǷӦм˿дȣſׯ䣬ʮֱ
ɫһҲΧеͺȣ
ͺȣޱ޾ʶѹʶѹδùʶĲ㷨ʶܵ
һ쫷Ϊģ˷ȥ־Աļ֮ԶеһأʱԲѡ
עԪӴһ̣Ԫֱеɢر˫ͫԣеĿһɽޡ
Ű
ԪӲţм³֡
⡭ʵ
࿴Σշſ˫֣ãȻʱ֮£
ǰԪ
˻ʱָȭһգ¼ָ׽ƴƣҲδǰ;Уһڣһͻ㣬һжϵüһжҵĴ
ȥ
Ŀһ̤׼ķɽǣԪׯնȥ
ֻķ򣬲ׯ÷򣬶ǵסСݣӣһۼΪʵȻƬִ̺Ԫׯȥ
Сݵļ迴ȴ˾ס
뿪󣬴֮ׯ˴ȴΪһ̣ܾ۵ĺͯвׯǳڼ
ֻ£˽Ұֵĺͯɳˣɳνһ죬ׯҲ𾴣棡
ԭˣ
ڴŽ䴦˿ţѪĿãȻرǰԲսǺ²ѡ
˿̼ׯȥׯһأ˵ɽˮΪׯȰ֮Ԫ򲻶ߵૣҲ糤οһ㡣
裬ϲؼ䳣棬ÿ˱ԵģҪ
ɫδţ
Ƭ̣ɽ紩䷿ݣͣׯ֮˵ΪһɽȣҺ̡ɵ裬ڴɽܱߣһŷء
˴˴һ䣬䣬һĪţĿĹԽһŷأɽϷһͷ֮ϣ˷֮ϣбׯأҲʧһˮ֮ء
Ȼ˿̵裬ȫǷͷһǰǷϣϤۣҪѪŨˮĺ
ˮۿ£ھͷʮʱһԾڿ˫ϥһ£
顣
ϥǽʯҳӣδͷȴǲߵŷأ
ˣ
һ죡


034 
ĺܶ࣬ɫɱ˻ΪãȻջأϲط򣬶̤ʱҲиУѵѲˡ
ֻвҳ϶ѡ
ҪⱲӹĺܿ࣬뿪ҲδزֽѣֻأͶ˼ңֻͶ̥ͬİ·ˡ
ЩԸıģ˵ҪԵġ
ΨһźѴδԼ
̾һվתȥɽ֮£һվڿʱ΢䣬ׯԪվ·δ뿪һ
Լֻ̤ɣԲ󰭣ȻԪֻһ鷲ˣ첻ʳ֣ҲԶܡ
һ㣬ƮԪǰ뿪ڣԪӻͳһż裬ǰµģ㿴ɡ
Ԫǲ԰ף΢΢ͷӹż󣬶˵նУΣԪͻׯٴɽϣżꡣ
Խɫϲãȫ΢΢ΣСŷ봢󣬶ڷߵͷ
һк±ߣƲʣǱ¶ϡеһЦͻʱǰ㴿ӵЦݣ
ǰԸˣĽݺÿˣκۼԻʯصĻ俴ʯмÿµı仯Ӻͯꡭ
δϣһֱ
żգѸױдһ̤ɣΣȥɣ
޾񷣬ۿ֪ˮϲ֮ᣬص˵ͷһ;Ե̤룬ȥǰǺ衭
ִ뵽

ʣӣ貢δŻڣÿͣɽȸⲻǶεĲҲΪʱ
ԴֹͣСȴԭ̤ĲҪͻ㣬ȻҪ߼һСٿһ䡣
ⶼǵ֮ϾԼ֮ͽ̤·ߣԼʵΪȷĲ㡣
Ϊͬڵӣǵ׵ġ
ϥ֮ϣɫ·𵭵̣ʶȴСС
ΧããһƬΨ֮ǻһƬưƣ֮ǿη
ǰĿȥ仨ɫһ仨ɫںһ࣬ȻȻδȫɫҲǺ޷Ӧ
Σڻǰϥ£ĿƲ֮ϣڤڤиУ·СյԹƺƲΪһ塣
ֻСΪɳΪλԹЩɻ󲻶𣬲Ҳѹ£СޱȣҪ̽ûʮǲɣ£ǿΪΪ
̾һʶ˳С
СϥӴóһСʶٴν룬ΪͨȻΪֱȴﱾԴ֮С
ָоͬʶ
ƽӣСϪˮ㻺ÿյʶʩŷͬÿչ֮һ
ʶԴ·߳󣬴ӱıٴ䣬㹻Ļйͷ˵㣬Բпܴﵽ
Ҳֻѣһֱ⣬ûСͷɲҲգϾƾ߰ʣɻǰ;
ȻֻƵûҵ٩ѣִԸһ϶ͷ
ǰ
ڤɽΧִдľܲڵŹϲϢ
𡣡
Ű֮쳹ּ䣬һЩСﾪĴ˿ּ̣䣬һֻӴĺë˾վ֮ߣӴ󣬳һӣľҲҪϡ
ھǰͬһֻӴޣֵֻǣ޳˴ƾԳ⣬ºһëۿȥ˾ԳϸǺɫʣرһһ𣬸ûһ˿֮ľżЩ
ëŭǰޣŰ֮Ǿֱ˶ȥ;ۣ֮ʯɽֵ΢𺳡
žܷǾԳɱ׾ҡ˵˹رǴ˾ҡʱŴ¡
ֻǴ˿̵ĺë˿ҰԱӴƴž磬ֱԳȥ
顣
֮ԳֳѣջΪһ棬ʣºëҲһ
ͬʱһôϣһ굥ϥף˿̵ɫ˫΢գھԳ鿪֮ʱ˫ĿͽȻһǸ¶Цݡ
Ϲˣ
пٵӡʶɨеͺȣѣ
ͬʱëվ֮ͻأֳѣſ¶һУһֺǲϱֱɾ룬лǽëܲӲǽصס
ëµ棬޹ͻˮһ㣬Ǳûʧԭء
̣гֵûϢ֮䣬ޱȣܱûԭǰһޡ
Σ䣬ߵУǰ֮أĿ΢
Դʶڿ԰ٷְͷţ֮ĿǰΪͷţҲ²⣬㣬ֻҪУһ˿ѡΧԭһȦ૵
Ψһȱݣһ֮أԷͷŷΧ΢΢ҡͷһѺڽɳ̤Ϸɽͷɶ
ҵֻͷһΣȻ㷽ѧ֮


035 Ⱥʱ
ѷǰ農˰ʱ䣬ʱ΢١
һ죬ߵͷݣº󷽳ĳĿ¶ϣ֪ʱ뿪ˣ
ĬĬٴοĹת뿪֪һ뿪ٴλ֪£
ɽȣ;ׯ㷿ݣͣׯ㳡ϣ˿̵Ĺ㳡ɽ˺٣ֻҪ֮ˣѪͳڴˡ
ивׯȣĿ¶֮⡣
ĿһУипһ̣һĻʱԼҲȣĿ¶Ľ֮⣬ֻǽ죬һж˷ǣԼ⼸Ľġ
ò˵ĺ
΢΢ҡͷΪȥ
裬ǽ뿪Ԫ˵ׯ鼤ǵһϾۿɳģߵ죬ȫ⡣
ԣ΢΢ͷ
΢Ԫӻͳһׯƣӵߣׯ£Ӽ˽УׯȫӵС
農ƣ̾һԪһУǽصأɽȵȴԼ죬ЩΪԼչҺˣػׯ
ֻһУ̫ʵˣЩܲˣ˵ģûݣû㹻ʵׯһԱɱׯ̲ѡ
˵ˣԼչһҵѪͳټׯЩѵչˣջĬȻܡ
۾٣ʶ٣ʼջʮ꣬棬¶Щׯ񣬺޸顭
˵ͷ轫봢УŴŻȥ
תһ̣ԪȻ󺰣뿪
һ£ׯׯ¹򣬿ͬ˺˱һٶһԶȥΪ׳ۡ
Ԫڵϣпɬޱȣأڴ£ׯׯһ̤ɣΪ档ҲգԪԼĶӣͬҪ¹
΢٣Ϊͣ£ǰС
̤˲䣬׿һۣһģ̤Ϸɽնȥ֮꣬ˣصնϷʵնϷǷȥҪȴ£ͻѰ㡭
һׯ貢δͣ˳ջУʱĿͽȻһʶӦܣͻأĸеһĪָоϤǵڲ˼Ӱ㡣
ֻ֮бʵڲ࣬˵ԼʶδҲӦõķ
ʶһɽͣڰգĿǸƬ̣һڿлٿʣ棬ϹĪЦ⣬ͻһУ㡣
ˣͫһеס
˺ȻϹף˿ͣǰʮɣֱţһ˫ԴĮͫ裬΢΢ŤŤӣȻ裬ҵȺʱ
ԭͻȻǰӶ辪ǲ֪ΪΣȻ׼õĻջضУȴɻ
Դӵʶܷң
ɻܿѹУϹ׽ĿģǾɱ裡
ɫ糣ϹʱĿһ
ȺʱԼϹ࣬һׯʱϹڼѣڶȡʴԼܾϹ£ǵΡ
μϹڴ˵ȺԢ⣬С
Ϲ׿򶨵ӣЦһ裬ʦɱİɣ˵˻֮ʱɫŨŨţĿȴڴĿ裬ƺ뿴΢ŵӡ
ȻɳĬϵ侲
ϹͫһƬһʦܵĴʦҪⲻܣҽ֮⣬ܼ򵥡顣
ϹֱԵһ䣬ǼΪ䣬Ǵɿ֪˵ʱǽӣһã
ڿһãϹгЦ̤·ΣΪǵµĲ㣬Ҫȡʱģӱ
ϾûĸӸ淴û˸ڵǰ㣬ɼʮأδ
ӱԭһ㣬Ĵ⣬˴УвٵҩԼ
ȻȣϹ׵ưɱģ淴
ɵĽϹײÿɷɱ裬֪ʦ֪ҲΪˣӶ
裬Ҫ˲ΪʦܱҲǼɵǱ㵱ң淴ң˵иûЩ⡭
ϹЦȻһָ󷽣Ŀͬʱɨׯȣ䣬̤ŷɽջȥ
ɫǰδأǰ֮£¿ϹȥĿͬʱɨׯΣȥ
ڴ˵أûѡ


036 һ˿
һǰһڿлܽȻϹףһֱּʮ֮ԶʶһֱϹס
ϹǰΪ㣬һǰ֮ض֣ȻǣԶׯϹ׵˼Ȼ˵֪ׯս֣ΨСׯ
迼ջǸϹ׶ԭأҲûΰ
˿Ϲ׽Ųȷɽ棬ͽһʣرĿ⼫Ϊţһ˿㡣
ǰԼ֣پǵ֮˵⣬ȻЩ֮٣δɫ仯̬Ϲкܲ
ҪľګԴǣҪĻϲŭɫ㣬Ϲ׸еһ㣬ϣǵڶ㣬ϾΪܡ
޷̫ڳƣһһĻ֮ˣֿв쾡µģرǷԼˣŻ׷رڣ
ɨۣϹ¶Цݣ֪·ȴ޿κθߣһˣ˿̵Ǿɬɡ
֮ʱϹͬʱɨڷĿһĽϹϢˣŰɣһֵ㣡
ĿǰȴǲѣǾţ˼ǡ
Ϲ׵Ϊʮ꣬ڵӵһˣʮԲǿΪûκԿⲻ̣ͻʱǰ㡣
ϾĲ㣬Ĳһ׶ΣҲ뵱ͬ
Ψһѡӣ
Ŀ⺮âһʱһ뷨Զããʮɽɫ¶ϣһҧֱɶȥ
ڤɽΨһĻᣡ
ľٶϹ΢΢һƬɫһѹǰǹɵ֮輱׷ȥٶȼޱȡ
ಣ
ɽǰ㣬磬ֱǴдɽУɫΪ侲ƺʧԭء
ׯ貢ǣֻҪԼڣϹ򲻻ϮϾׯĿǰڤɽأҪϹ׵ĿԼ
ΣϹҲ£ɫƬ̾¶Ц⣬ڤɽѡڤɽΪ֮أҲ
ʶˮ㣬ڲ䣬Ƭ̣Ϲüͷһ壬ǰȥǼޱȡ
˿̵΢ǰʶɨϢУ֣мβʧ١
ƺڤɽ졣Ϲװһ·ŵϢʶУˣ΢΢¶Цݡ
ֻҪ׷ٵͲӣڤɽ͵ǽ֮أǾеĽ棬èץˣŻζ
ȷʵڤɽΧ豾Ϥټʱ䲻԰˿̵Ǵ˼ԼڤɽϤӳϹħ֡
ֻ˼ڸո֮ʱţʶӦȴеԼηϹ׵Ӱš
ʱҲ֧һҧðֻӰոֳʱеһϢԼϣͫһ
ĻȻףǰâۣ֮ʱʮѽǰٶȺܿ죬𵱳ͷŵĸΪϸСֻȴͬԡ
ಣ
һ̹㣬ɫâǼ˿ڳϣЩ˿ڹᴩ֫ʶܿҪ˿̵ڤɽ
о⡪Ϲ顣
סϾʹһģѪҩó˿ڣ̣Ϲ߳üͷһ̩Ȼ֮ơ
ʦܣˣô˲СİϹ׹жͻ㣬Ƭ̣ĿһٶȻâֱȥ
â跢֮ʱֻ棬һĹâǰڹâ֮ڣһɫơ
ͬޱȣ踹һѪעҲݰԶ;֮۶ϡ
ֻһҲѿϹ׵ƿ֮С
ſڵϣֳֻŵض¶ɫʹޱȣرǸ֮ϣͻһհ㣬׿ȥһɫӡϡ
£Ӧþȥ
һҧĿǰ˵޾С
һݣ辶ֱɽˮ֮ضȥԺǲ˼֮ν棬Լ˺ۣϸãԼȻ
Խɽͷ轫鵤һţжηһ䣬һȥиУǰһ֮أԻһ
;УŸȥǽɫӡδɢɫΪˣиУӡĹЧ׷٣
ȷʵϹƵּ䣬תﶼޱȣеʱֻԭز
ӡè׽Ľ棬Ŀʼ裬Ӳҵġ
̤ʮ꣬һӣΪͬǱһΪڵӵһ˭սңϹ׺š
˵꣬ʮ꣬ҲҶ֣㣬㣬ڵӣˡ
֣㲻ԩ


037 Ӳ

һཬð
ȥ󸲸Ǽ֮ͻһشܱߣϡɼһ޴޹ǣֻЩ޹ʱĥ£üΪ߲һį֮Ϣܱǻ
ϹվԵĿȴעһߣĳ򳤾ʩչݣֻɻԴĲΪΪο֮ã
ͽȻϹһ΢΢ͷʦܴŻ鵤ѹˣŻ鵤
Ϲ΢΢
ֻǵ͹ΪˣԴ̰ӣ鵤ֹţһƿ
ߣ˿žҺţ˿ڵҩЧ£ʱҲ޴󰭣ѽޣֻǵϹγʱĿ¶ϣݡ
ʱϹ¶ЦݣӰâһǰʩչ֮һٶֻ֮Ǵ֮죬𺳡
âض䣬˰ֱٶȴͬ⣡
ֻһ֮⣬跴Ӧǰ֮Ϲ΢ЦվԹǿٶȿƣһ̣ڼʶˡ
ƶǰâٴ˸ֱұһ飬Ӧұ۱Ϲϣն֮Ϲơ
һᶯޱȣֱµ跽ŸоʹޱȣһʹɫΪֶ֮Ѫֱ˿Ŀһʹһһʯεض
ֻʯոϹ׳һЦһģƴʯ˲߽⣬̣һ㣬˳ʱ֮¡
˷֮ұ֮û֮չкοɾ壡Ϲޱȴݵ
Ŀʧ֮أ΢΢һЦڴӵԣԽԽϤӲ¸ɴ䣬ԽϤҲԽ㣬뿪
֮أѪ𣬷ڿƷƬ̣Ϲ¶Цݣè׽ӵĳèأ裬Ӳģ
䣬Ϲϥԭ£һ׷ͬҲĲ
˿̣ݼɾ룬ҲԾ𣬲ǵڴ֮£ҩڶϱ۴һкɫΪ԰ףĿȴޱȡ
ڣϹ׵˼ŪԼ
һ˼оΪС󣬴δܹ֮ˣҲδ˻ŪϹף˵ף޲ɱ壬Ϲȴһơ
˽һ޵У
ȭϲ֮ˣҲɱ֮ˣһ̣ɱȴޱ¡أһɱˣҪǿҡ
ռȻΪֱԲҼ꣬ҶȻҪ£Ŀǰ֮һҪӳȥҲֻ㣬лᷴ
ᶨƬ̣огޱȣ˫ǲԼ£ƣ۹ȣټһ˿ڶ¡
ҷӦ֮ʱǿ˼һ˫ջϣͬʱȴ֫ٺߡ
ڶģϹڼڲ׷ɱϾϹҪɱ֣ǰλᣬǰϹŪ֮ģӶлָ
ڤɽĳһ֣˿ϹɫŵЦݣֻȴ΢΢ɻΪΪοͷŻû֮ⷨҲҪ㣬ĲҲǵɡ
ͷϹһţҶʰ𣬷ϸϸƷζţĿȴ͸֦ϡ֮ϡ
ʱļ䣬в𡭡
ʮǰϹײ˷⣬˵Ķʱáʹ³ɳģǸ˽ӣԼѾǿµ֡
ܾĥǼˣͽԿɶ裬ֻˣʮ꣬͵ȡ˪ɱ壬ĸףүүˣ׼С檣Լĸס
һҹ
ΨһµģǼ̳м֮λĴ磬δɱĽ˸˫žŪϹ˫ۣ𡭡
һкʮϹ׿ʼĳɽʱⱻɿУΪӣһ̤һֱյڵӵһˡ

Ϲ״ŷ֮ɱףԼһ壬δڣ֮УָоԽԽţԼһ콫£
淴ߣ˿
裬˼ܣ¹ϣŰɱˣϹиǿͷҲΪᶨ
ϸϸƷζҶɬ֮ζȻ䣬ϹĿһǱ¶Цݡ
ˣ
˿ǶУϵڣرǶϱۼ䣬ǻ֮ʹֻµɫΪأв˼֮
Ȼ䣬ɫһ䣬ŲҲͣ£
ϹʵǿᣬҪɱң練ƣӳڤɽǼӿΨڤɽҷܱסȫ˵Ŀ¶â
ˣˣһʼҾʹˣΪҪӣһӣȦУҷ侶ضüͷ壺ֻмΣ󣬶ӵеҲǲ㣬Ψеġ
һ̣Ŀ¶ϣҲ¶ЦݣƺϣƺţѪ
Ψڤɽ
ţгһ¼ƻƻϸ룬
Сľѧֻ̣Ǳ棬һɽһɽκ˶أϹײϱƽ£ڳ¶â
Ҫ


038 
ಡ
ָڿлڴ˽âһɨ֮£һֻˮͰֵľߴӿ£صڵϺ󣬲ŤţŴµģдȳѪҺ
Ϲ׽һ㣬˶ȥɫΪһ·֮һʱ޳Ѩһʱ͵Ϯ⻨ֵĵֻˡ
ŭǣÿҪ׷ʱЩ޾ͻӶȻǵͼޣȴ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ˲
һĴϹȡһɫСƿɨƿžӨĵҩȡһº󣬼ǰУû뵽׷ɱӣȻ˷һŻ鵤ӻŲ·Ӧѱ
ʱϹʶӦͣ£ĿһҲǼȥЦʱȡЩϢˡ
𡣡
ͬʱһŰ֮ͽȻϹǰһֻȫ׻˻Ŀ񣬱кȳ֮ڿϹ֮ʱ˻ǱŰŭһֱ
ϹͫһΨһͷ𣬶ɷ׻û´˻ٶȼޱȣ̤һ޵ķ룬ԼΪ˻࿹ҲЩֺá
ֻһһޱȣϹƹҲãһʱ䣬ּȷ档
ڲԶһɽ֮ϣӰ߳Ŀ·һһ֮ɫΪأڤɽ֮죬Լĸһ·֮֮أĿģΪϹ׵
潻棬ԼɣΨˣ
ʱ·ƽϢϹɫվ˿̵һռѪĳҲޱȣЩǱ
ǰһֻصİ׻
Ȼ䣬Ϲʶһ̧׿ȥüվɽ֮ϣһվУоȴŭޱȡ
ɫ糣ڼϹĿ⿴ʱһһĻȻ֣һ˦ž֮磬Ϲֱɶȥ

ϹĿһٳȥ֪Ϊλ˶ˣģĳǰǰ׻ڱŭУ䱩ŭĶȻ裬ܺģԼ
һ̣иеŭ졣
ϮʱϹ׵һӣأֻԽ֮ʱǷзɳ̣Щ̴֮Ϲ׽׷
䣡
һ̣Ϲɫ䣬ͣ½ŲȫپۼһɫĻڽɫĻոγɣ̴֮串ǣڰ֮Уһֻֻͨ԰׵Ķ䡣
Щ佫̶Ļһֻֻ¡
ڱ֮Ϲ׹Ҳ·Уֻû뵽䳲Ϯ
ۼ·һĻһ̣һָʧ٣ַ棬ͻ㣬һȺرɫֻǴ˷䳣פصף跽ŸڶԸϹףò
Ϲ͸ǧȺϡ٣һָﲢ⣬ƣֵˡ
ԣܳ㣡
һֱԲľٶϹиͷ˭è˭رµľ棬вȣŴȥԼ޿κΣҪıƿ֮⡣
ãǧɨֻ뿪˿Ϲ״ҳֱʧŸĻɨʱһ롣
ǰϹɱԲΪȱĲϷˣ˵Ǵ˼Ц
һ㣬Ϲײģֱ׷ȥ
һ׷Ϲٴλðɣ֮޲ϮЩޣϹΪҲ·С
һֱҹϹײ׷˸ɽϥڤɽҹ޵£㵱ӡ֮ʱʶ
Ҫ˿ۣǱƣڱ֮Уָоģһ·ޣһǱĻ𣬾ͻǰ£Լȴʰо֡
ָо˶ʱǶ⣬Ҳûֹ
裬δСҲδ߿Ĳ㣬ϹУ˴ˣֻ£ȴɱˣȷʵûУС鷳ȴǲϡ
ʲôè׽󣬽ˣվڣڶУϹͷɢɫǰٷӣȻͬ
˿ͬɽУȥұۣɫ侲ȥֱۣ̤ڣһĻᣬ㣬ʱõǡ
һŵҩϥУյڶĹ
ǰ޹ֻɧŶѣ⶯˸ҪģǶϹ֮ľлɱá
ټԼһƿ鵤ֻҪϹײ뿪ڤɽ㹻űȫԼ
ڤɽĵƣĸЩ̡


039 ·
У輫ٿ񱼣ɨ۸нɫӡζУȴӡɣϹ״ʦ֡
ӰʧԭʱϹĻȻ֣˿̵ΪǱĿ⿴ʧ򣬶˵ٴ׷ȥ
һǰһڤɽ֮棬赹ãƾŶĸÿξѴ޺ȻȥϹףķڤɽ֮أΨһʮۡ
ֻһ·׷ɱȥϹɱ죬潻棬мַȫԼ潻棬һӰܣܵãȴһ̯ӡ
ʶܹ죬ԼսɣӰ㾪ѣٴѣ˼֮
ãϹһСͣ£ɨĴˮһڣı޴󰭣ǿڸеġ
ʱǰһӰ֣Ӱƿ֮һϹŭѣСӣȫţƤǣһ׷ܣһͣɧš
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ԺľϹļƻ֮һ֮أϹ׳ķϹײŻʧȥǡ
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042 
ӿʼջٵţһֱգջ󣬲ò˵ͷֱˬǳ뷨Ҳֱӡ
裬ҲӿʼԶ̽Եͷ룬һ֮ˣͷ뱩ס
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ֻǵزսûѡҪ˴˺ȥģҪ˴˺
ڶģ貢ĺ֮ˡ
ԣɫ¶أһֱˬӣ˼ȻܣΨһǻǼľڣԼء
ֻɻǣΪԼѵΪĵ̸𣿵̸ģ˶ΪȫϹ࣬ϾµòȻˣʤ
Σ˵ͷԣ
شֱӣûκɽ˺ģȴĿ¶âӴվȻԣҪұۣҲұڣ㡪
һĿ¶أ̤֫˼̤룬УҪ󣬱ȻҪ˴ΣҲң£̸
ΪϹŻһ壬ϵĽҪƿԼ֮꣬Ҫģ뵨ǵ֮սԸڴ˹¶һ
뷨ԣֱͬӣܳ㣡
ɫأս֮⣬ȴ֪һ̤ڣпܱᣬ֮⡣
һ̤ǰ
֮ͷշתƬĿ¶ϣһ̤˽ڡ
ǿ֮ˣ෴Ǿ֮ˣڤɽҲȴ֪ڴ˴ܹܿһйִͬ
ڵѷǰѼᶨ֮·ֱǰߣϣ޺
һ˼ᶨ̤ģ֮ģӿʼıģٵڵıΣԻû룬ҲǺĵһ˴Ρ
ԣҲһʶ
վǰʱ˫ͫɢâҲǻ״ʢƬ̣һ³
ã
ֱͬӣͬǺɽ˺ģڴ˻һ֫Ȼ£˫ۺâ˸մ˹âϲߣڶϱ֮
һ̣оգȵĻƤֳѣǺ죬Ѹոֳһ临ԭѭʹֱ顣
رǶϱ֮ǻ㣬˺֮Уͬ顣
̣ɫΪʹŤĿȴᶨƣţһ˿ϲãرǿұۼ䣬һı۰ʱϲͷ
ãǰɫήңĿȴ񣬿еֱԪ֮ڼۼɻܿǧ֮
農ұۣ䣬ұƺűŰ֮ϢһұۣǸоһ塣
رԣиϲޱȡ
ǧ֮֮˶ԣǺϡ֮£Լ֮ˣ˽սֱ۵Գ䲻⣬²Ҳ˺һ
뵽ĿڴĿ룬ʵأ
ԣ˵˶ԿǣֵԻϵԴ˱ȥɼһ˺
ٴһϲĿڴٿȥ
ûˣҡͷ
һ΢˼ĿұۣұۿɻģƬ̣а̾
Ŀ΢Уֱһãǻϵӵд˱ۣͷŻϵһֻԣЧϾʣ
վӣСӣңһȻʧŵԪࡣ
䣬һţһС뷨ɳ˷ڿһٴü룬Ƭʧȥټ
ͬʱоһʹƬ̣һɹоǻָоͻ룬һ
һ̣Ψһͷ㲻ңҲ㡣
˴Σ


043 
ɫأʵʮһϽ
ԡͷ
ԣĿһ޴Ƭ̻һʧڣͬʱұ֮ϣһƻֺӡǡ
ӡǣŭĿԲ֮ɫŹΨ֮ơ
Сӣ֪Ϊγ岻𣿡У֮
ΪɻΪʮ֮һ⣬һ֮ɻǣԪ񣬴˻廹ڣ˿壬Ϊ壬Ҫġ
˵˰ɡ
ԣ轫֮˼һ飬΢΢ͷ
ţҽԪ֮㣬ڴﵽڣټԿ֮ɳ뽻
ڣüͷ΢壬һ뵽һؼ⣬Σʵ룬˵ĶǶã
һ壬ǻԪ񣬰Ҳ룬ֻһʱ䣬ڴǧ֮ã֪֮أǧǧΪ㹻ˡ϶
ԣԿͷʼɣ

ڤɽ˰ɽˮݳ̾ᣬижദ֮أɽ֮¸֮ɽũ˽֮ҲðȻ롣
˿̣ڤɽ֮һâնâһͨɫɽڷɽ֮ϣһʮŮŮݰףһɫֻǴ˿̵һš
ʱŮһɽ֮£ɨΧĿǰ֮ƶӣʱйâ
Ƭ̣һӰ£꣬һ£ʮ֮䣬ֻº˫̽ŮĿһ
ڿºŮɫ¶壬εʦ֣һ·׷޷Ϊ˾ۻʯҽۻʯ㣬㿴ͬţһ
ۻʯŮǰɽʰãûóϼνһ˭֪ȡʱҪͬӦţԾۻʯ֮Ч֪һ֮£֪֮Ĵһ·׷
˴ʱ˿̣Ů֪ۻʯһҲˣϾԼֻ㣬ĲΪ
½ɫ¶ºЦݣʦãʦ̰ۻʯǴʯã㽫ʯңʦֲġ
˵껺ǰ
Ů̾һӴȡһ鵭ɫʯͷӳĿ΢ɫԴֺõʦ֣ʯҵ֮ףһž໻Σ֪ģۻʯĹЧɲڴˡ
ԣɫһ˿Ƭʧ٣΢Цͷ
ллʦ֡Ů¶ȻЦݣڴЦ֮£С¶ɰѣСֽɫʯͷ̧𣬸ӳʱŮЦ˲̡
˿ɫΪ䣬ּ䣬һźֺɫЦ֮䣬˷ٷȥһɫҺŮϣһҺ£Ůǰݣá
һӣƬ̣Ůһ̯ˮ
ߣ̰Ĳ󣬲㲻Ҳɱ㣬ϾΨ˷ܡһֵŮ䣬ǵûϧ֮ɫһȻ
ǰԽŽŮƿŮɫʯͷ𣬿૵ٹǷȻǿţȻ˷һţõۻʯдջ㲻
Ůʬ岻Զ£ĿܵͬΪӦŵӣӦòûУ㣬ͼʯҲаɡ
ʶ룬ʱüͷһ壬䣬еһƬ̣оƺ΢𶯡
𣿶ڤɽЩ΢Ȼٲˡ΢΢ҡͷѰֻƬ̣ԽԽǿҲȡ
ͬʱǰʮ֮һѷֳѷ֮²ϹѣƬ̻ɽ㣬ɽ
ڴ֮£һӰӵصԾ˸أ뿪ѷ죬˳ǰʮ֮ʱǰѷ֮һӵص׳𣬴˻Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ƬٴʧѷС
ֱʧ˷ͣ£Ŀѷ죬ɫ¶һ˿أȻǳ衣
˻ƺΪҳɻĳˡƬ̣˼ʶ룬Ƭ̣
СӣԪ˿̺Ҫһ꣬ӣɱˡ
˻лӦһͬʱԪ֮ʱﵽڣֻһ裬Ҫһꡣ
һĿͽȻһĻȻת
ʮ֮һĿɿڴĿԼԼ֮һѷɫԼһ̯ɫҺ塣
ĿͽȻһתǷۺɫϣһʱ䣬в


044 ʯ
꣬һԲʶԿĲΪҪ˿ϣŴٶԿƺ׼Ѱһ
ֻⴢɫǶɫһ㣬ֻ룬δ϶
˿Ŀɿڴǰӵص׳ŵػΪֻӣܿҲָ侲ʶϸϸȥ΢ɣΪ͸
ⷬ̽üͷ΢壬Ͻվӣλѣ֪ĸɣӦŵ񡣡ͷԵͣĿⲻɲ˸ЩСɵģԼӦŵݣҲһ
ɫ糣ӦʱĿ΢ɲ
ɫһΣд̧𣬵ʦ֮ڤɽ֮ڣʦ֮ȥ
˵˻֮ʱɫΪ򶨣Ŀű⡣
ֻɲ
һĬԸнǣ֪˿룬Ҳ֪кξģҪЩɣر뵽ǰ˴зɳǻ죬Ϊɵ
뵽һЩɽϹ֣ɽǧأ˻ơ
Ƭ̣ɫ¶ϣһҧѣ㿴ϴ֮㾡ȥҪûؽ㿴Σ
˵˻֮ʱмΪʹӦΣ֪ҵЩҲջء
ֽĽ򿪣ʶɨ룬ɫٴһ䣬ǰΪĳ֣δ鿴£ŷ֮ĳ
رʯ
Ƭ̣굱Ƚƿóڵ棬Ŀɨ裬ΪһҧٴڴƬ̣óһںɫʯͷƬ̣ԼС
ʯͷΪϵʯһ߶ԣֵһͼʯԣΪأϾӦΪʯһزȱ֮һ
ʱǿʯͷĿ΢
ʯڲпϵʯ;ܹ㷺һã̴֮ϵΪԣ
ţɫž޲
˿꽫ʣ֮һһȡóʯĿԴķ档
ѣΨЩˣʣĶ֮Ҫءɫ˼ʵѳĸɣ
赭꣬΢˼ڡ˵˻˾룬󻺻ǰ
Ŀ⣬ڵ֮ϡ
軰ʱһΪǸճϹԭڵӣˣҲֻǴ˿͸ΪӦҸһ֣ʦǹϢԲ㣬£Ӧ֮䡣
ֻһ㣬Ӧŷɱѣ
ţʶڴҲḧϣٹǷ˷ͷŷΧܽһմһ㣬վ壬һϢгš
ţĿ⽥ƣ䣬Ц˳ڣӦвټҵס
˿ֻ̣֮ĿΪɱ⣬һģһںֽ֣ӳʱӰٳУɽŵͷһգ۹
ɫ΢䣬ܿ侲ֱʣԣټֻƬ̣ǰһӰٳӰٶͬޱȣڳһɲǣӰ
Ӱӿ죬ٶȸ죬˲ϢûһɫҺ壬˿Ӱ֮ϣһҺ£֮ͬʱǸٶͬޱȣ֮ȳƮ
ˣЦʶ̽ȥɫ̾䣬
пٳ磬ץס֣һץ貢δֹͣһ죬ͬץס֣ţۡ
һֺɫ崫һ˫ּ䣬һױȵٶȿʯˣ΢š
Ӧŵķ˽⣬ܾ£ҪֻҪʶ룬ͷţһͷţֻҪͣЪ
ԣҪ˫֣ҪΪϵܸͣӦԼӰ
˫ֽץɫΪ֣أĿ˫ֿʯĿˮ㸲ǣһֱȫ̺ܿ죬ͷҲǸתΪˣȴľ
֪ʶϹǰ㣬ԼݺδãΨӡ
Σ˫ַ䣬ĿԴԥĿʯ񣬿ʯԴݣһҧȭž֮ȥ
ǧ֮
һ䣬ʯٹѣŻʯžžڵ档
û´ǰɱһˣǺξģּҪͿһС̾ǻѪʯУ֮һһպã˿ʧԭء
δ¶ɱģ֪һ֣ԽУ΢п
֮ˣУããһţǧ֮˳룬;УɱĶǣֱգ̤ߣųɾʹǻ׿ȥɱ¾ǧ
һ𣿡


045 ȥ
أݼ󣬷ųɽնУһ·ɽһ֪ɽ£ҲʧɽС
һɽУϥĿȴ¶ãȻиУһ죬ԼҲѪ飬ԶҲڲá
ԴˣܲӦûڤɽµׯһͨ꣬һ˿ӡ
̾һ谵·Ȼѡˣֻȥ
˰οԼʶһڳ˯֮УҲᣬлӣһġ
һɫ֣˴Ϲ֮
ʶ룬ж࣬ȴСȥʯɢ⣬лһһŹƤ״֮
轫ʶ룬Ƭ̣Ŀ΢Žרע
˷ֻܽãʱɡջشƤ״֮ϸϸȥͨͨϿɼ֮òȥָкܺãԼƤ㡣
ֻǵʶɨȥʱüͷ΢壬Ӧһ࣬赲ʶ֪кá
Ƭ̣УĽӣûһ֮ģϾϹף֪Ϊá
Ϲ״Ʒһһպúóۺɫʶ룬Ƭ̣ó
˴Ʒ࣬ȥһЩŮƷ⣬Ψһעģһɫ
谴ǰ㣬ʶ룬Ƭ̣ɫһϲ׷˷ǿ׷ȣ֪Ρ
֮Ч赱ڤɽʱᡣ
Ҫֿɷš赭ЦͷĿһУһģ֮ﾡԳ֡
ĿһǺɫʯͷϣɫ¶ϲ뿺ܡ
ʯ
ӵһɫˣϵ䣬ȻӴ󡣡һʱ䣬ȫ΢΢ָΪ뿺ܣӶȭ
ΪҪȥѰҸ⣬ɫ䣬һ֮࣬Ļһڼ죬ͻĲ㣬ָտɴ
ţóСʯ룬ˣɨǰֽɫʯͷҲǷ룬ʯͷ֪ιЧС仯ɡ
һУʶɨ룬С糣֮ɫʯѿʼֻٶȺʱȥһ˿˿ɫӶ㣬ȥ
ֻڽӴӿȥƬ̣ʮ仨꿪ʼתÿתһȦոɫ壬ٶҲǼӿࡣ
ˣɫ¶˷ܣת״̬ͷһμȻ£һޡ
ȵʯ֪꣬Ὺ仨أڴɨɫʯͷʯͷ죬֮һɲ䡣
ɫʯͷӦòϵʯʯδǵȼ̫ߡٴϣٶӦ󣬽ɿЧ
ǹڴ֮Уʶع飬һĿǰ
һƿҩȽʶ룬Ƭ̣⼸ŷҲдʶ
ɫԻƵٷ˷ţ˷һΪڲǰᣬٶȣٶж죬룬Ӧûн졣
ʣţһһڣɫ˷ͬǸ֮ãͷʱ۹â˶ʧʶհס
ںɫ֮зٹǷ˷ܴǽͷţ˿ٸá
ŷպã¶Ц⣬⼸ŷӵйЧֻţʣ¼õĺãһɴЧᡣ
ʣĵҩһۿȥһƿ鵤⣬ȫǾ鵤ããӿۼ
ʣǵʶɨ룬ɫɨ룬ԽԽܡ
Ӧ
Σʶ˳ʱ֪ϲᣬصĽǵͼ׷ȣҲȫǻ֮
֮ɵãлٿǡ
Σ轫պãѹǹϲãĿ˼ɫҲ¶ء
ڤɽһսϹ׻ΪԼڣʱȫΪĻǿĻٴǿԶۣߣԼΪܸܿΣգھĻ
ţ˫ۻһɽ߳ųɽȥ
Ҫڣ
Σ֮أȫ֮ء
ڣϹɱģҲҹΪֻҪԼһ겻ڣ뿪壬ϹҲ޿κΡ
һӵԪ´򲻹Ҳ⣬迼ǵĺ·
ֻǶϹף費ҵ͹ڤɽֻһʱУټڤɽƣԼſһԣһ֮Ҳûš
ҪһΣӣ


ڶ ս


046 
֮ϣͷӿŸɫĵڹ㳡ϣ˴д裬Էڹ㳡ǰɽǰʯϣһӰվɫƽ֮ɫž޲Ŀȴɽ֮ϡ
Դˣ㳡ϰĵϰΪˣÿ´ʱ˿̣˶ڴ˲t
֪ƽĽݺڴ˵ĿģдӰԲΪǰ߹·ǵӡ衣
ǰڣҲûʱĹȥиУӦⷽˣӲ࣬ǰ̤·֮£Ҳ˵Ժ

Ī̾һĽݺĿɲt޾죬а·̤ˣ·һС㻹飿
ţĽݺһϣһͭɫСӣĴָϰСϣǹɽҲ
ÿ֮ʱСӣ԰Ľݺϰߡ
ٴһСӺĽݺĬĬת߼㳡һˣٶȿƻʱĽݺǰ
˺Ȼɡ
˿̵ֱɫŵЦݣȻ̨ױԵǲƣ֮أΣĽʦ֣㻹ڵͽ𣿡
ԣĽݺͬߡ
Ľʦ֣ͽڤɽܽ˵Ƿڴɽأɫţָ
𣿡Ľݺ˫ۣʵǵӣһǰڣΪȴǵŲ㣬ݽɫˣʢǲð
ԣɫԹŹ֣ƬָֻƽھͺãΪʼջ޻صģĽʦ֣˵ǰɡ
˵ţȻЦѣһǰϹ׻ڣΪȷŲ㣬֮£֪ʼĩ
ԴˣǷ·ǰɱȻ𱸣·ţѼüĿӣҲ޹ؽҪˡ
һĲӣԼͽԱΪò˵Ľݺ̵ĵӣһֻջˣ
˲ֻǾվһڴǻ
Ϲ֮£ĽݺУֻǲ²⣬ɴ˷ǸоΪǿңֻһжûƾʵݡ
Ľʦ֣ãͽпܣǽգǺǡԴеЩֻתʱĿ΢΢ۡ
ɽǰ޾ϣһڵưд˺ڵ㲻ϱ󣬽ҲԽԽջӰ
˺¾װƮҷͬǰںɫ֮ٶȺܿ죬Ƭ̱ɽǰ£·ŵһ̲󣬻ʯϡ

һ̣֮ɫȻ޴棬ĿǲţԣĽݺĿԽԽȣƲӣڼ£ӭƮ
裡
²Ѿõʯףһ·񱼣ڿϷӰԿܣرǿһӰɫ¶
ǷţĽݺĬĬһУԼ֮գĽݺĬĬػԼĽݺԼʦ
ھʯʮʱһԾӰڿƮݻյϥ䣬еӡڣ
ܴԴȴù㳡ϼٵӽһ٣Ŀͬʱɨ䣬ɫ졣
ĽݺֲԼȭӣͬԼ֮Ӱ㣬ڣڤɽΧѰҰٴΣÿεĽΪ
Լӣĵӣˣܼ
Ƭ̣Ľݺѹǹɼɨɣɨ󼸰ٵӣɫ̱ƽޱȣͻ֪㡣
ţСȥһ˾ˣﰡطΪʦҪ㡣Ľݺֿɣ̾Űո˵ʲôţˣʢͽ˵ǿڻ׼˵أͽء
ߣ䣬ĽݺֻĴָʾԼķڷ
۽ǳ˳飬Ĳ㣬Բɱ練ƣͽΪˣҲգ˻ûͽΪǣ׵
˷֮£ܲʵĽݺԣӲͷƤǰʱҲϬѣû뵽ȷ˰
ĽݺˬʴЦɨ裬ͽ㵱ҰĲ㲻߾ߣؾͻأһط壬ΪʦҪط㡣
˻һŭѣ֪Ľݺӣʵڵ٩Լ˵ͽڣˣ˵ͽزˡ
۽΢飬Ľݺ˼еͽ֪´γڣû㣬ˡ˵˻ʱɫΪϿңĽݺ
š
ĽݺӵʶȤͷһ˦;УٴɨɣٴĴָ
ߣ
˾ϣڼٵӾȵĿУλȥ
ɫΪ࣬ر뵽Ľݺǵ٩ƵĸߣѪ֮Уаߣߣ߸ƨϹףغΪʦҪط㣬ʲôģɱɱΪʦ
ţɴǻŭ뿪
㳡ʣĵӣЩԣиУƽ̣Ǹ˵뿪ƺ鲻á


047 
ص壬ĽݺԵĳͷĽݺóذþƣ뼸ӿ;УĽݺҲڣ޵Ϲˣֻ˵ׯɽТ
ԴˣĽݺûʡ
иУĽݺ΢ЦʵС
ʵĽݺֻ֪ĽݺΪˣ˵Ϲ֮£ӣȻҪһˣкһ
ϾֻҪڣĽݺɱϹף˷ݾߣԼƻ
ҪǣУϹɱ
Ȼ˸ԼСȥ
˳ɽУɽˬ磬ɫԴأɻУ֪ʱ䣬ص֪꣬ԼΪΪûһֱڳǰ
Ĳ㣬СʦˣڵӣΪѲˣ˵ͬڵӵˣ֮˰ɡ
һ貢δ֮У֪ԼӶϵʱ䣬С׼
صСݣĿɨȥɾһȾϷһƿǳӴŵ㣬ߣ꣬ǹҳܰЦݡ
뿪ˣвûα仯Ȼʱ˴ɨӦСʦΪ
΢ҡͷڴϣ˼
Ӷϣ
ԽӵˣѲ룬ҪԽġڵһϹס
ɱҳʱҺãһ֮ңҪǰԽһĽݺҲԱȫԼ
ϾһڣϹױȻ뿪ǰ֣ԼǶʱ䣬һֱĽݺߣ޼¡
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һɫһϲиǿޱȣ첽ȥ
ͣתڻܱߣһںɫǻҪʮ侧Ө꣬˿Ⱦɫ仨꣬ɫںڷŹɲС֮Ϣ
仨꣡ȭߡ
һ仨꿪ԼﵽĲ㣬䣬ʲôиУȻǰ࣬ˣӶϣֻһڴ
ԽԽ˷ܣ˼ƻչǵһز٣迼ãսĿ԰
䣬԰ЧȻҲڷҩҪõѣȴ͵͵ռ󣬱Ͼ֪Ϲ״˿ģ͵ȡʱȵĵƣҲû֪
ԣȫ԰
⣬軹ȥ԰鿴һһӵԪ֮һн᷽ࡣ
ƻ¶£ʶ˳ڴϣִ֪硣
һ̤ɼ꣬Ϊ֮ҹ
ڶ߳ɽڽ㳡ϣ΢ͣ¡
ɽ˺ٵӾۼڴˣ̸Ȳ˴
ֻһٴǰУֻǸ߼ʶ͸еĿɨΣ׿ȥ
һĿӣ˿̵ɫԴ΢ЦĿư֮ɫ¶ˣͬһЦ
Ŀ޿ԱߣһĿ⣬ŮӣŮ裬֬ɢĮʣǧ֮⡣
˪
ڴŮУ΢΢ͷᡣ
Ŀ֮ˣмΨһ꣬е겻ĿɨǸǹų֮Ц
Цܹ죬еϤ
ݼºٴǰУ߼Ц
ڴ˻ˣ߹·ĵӣһ
治˵Ĳڣ˭֪ˣĲ㣬ˡһڵ˵߹·һء
𾴵㣬һʦŶĲʦ֡
Цϴ貢δᣬתɲǣԳЦ⼸ˣӦǺڵĵӣĲΪʲĲ㡭
ЦƳЦݣ軺뿪
Ĳ㣬ȷʵһ㣬Ǽ䣬ҲĲ㣬㣬Ϲ׵Բ
ӣֻʵսǿз
һ·߹ɽʱ貢δͣ԰ȥ԰ֿɵãڲһ֪꣬һҪ԰УֻҪ԰ʮ֮ڣһԡ
ھ԰ʮ֮Ų΢ͣĿڴǰϡ
Ϲ״ʦ֣һǰںΪˣ֪ﵽʮ㣬Ҫð˵һŮ˵ţĿһ˿Ľ
ѣʦͻƾŲ꣬㣬û»زˣ֪ĸɱǧģôʦΪˣˣͬڵѺܶ˳Խˡ
ԣŮ¶ŭ⣺ҿҪ˫֣ţʦֻ۷ġ
Ůߴߴ̸ۣĿ΢ٴǰУڴ˿̣Ψһͷ
Ϲױչأ


048 ԰
ϹױչأоӦд£ֻǲ룬ӵƬ֮ԣȫš
һ·ǰУߴߴŮ԰ͣ£ʱ߳һӣ˵ɫΪ۵ģ֮һݱǡ
ӻλ߳ź󣬰Ȼ˫ɨⷽͻȻڴűǵӰϣɫҲԴ㵡㣡
ˣɫ΢˵ЩϤǵǵӣҴӵĴţԿӦ԰ֵ
ǽ𣿡һʱ룬΢΢ͷ
ǵĿȸӦΪüͷ΢壬˵һˣӦһֻΪĲ㣬̫ˣĻ̫˷ˡ
ţǵɫ¶Цݣʦܣǰ̤·ʦҿޱȣôȡ𣿰ĸ˵ҽãȴҪΣ
ˣǵɫȴȻͻҲ㣬ΣⲻǲҲ㡣
΢΢һƬ̾ͷӦ仯֮죬İǾʼնûϾԼһá
Σʵʦļžͺãˣʦ԰ֵ𣿲֪ɷŪЩ
ǵ΢΢ͷʶȤ֮٣⣬꣬´ֱӲϾΪ̫ˣҲ̫ûһͶ֮˿뵱꣬ԼƨеƤ
û취Ϊ˽ҩð½ˣСӲˡǵӰɫðôѵֻ㻹ǲ˼
ɫ糣ɫδ飬ǿήŪЩȻŪЩҩ֪ʦֿɷæ
԰Χȷգ˴Ļ򲻻ɣȻҪģΪȡܶ࣡
Ҳһʡ
ʦܰʦֲ㣬԰Ϊ²ɽ㾭ֻ˼꣬ҲûֳҪǵſڿĵֻĿУŲм
ԣһ̾ɫĮǴˣ
䣬ĮȻתĿ޹ʿ򽻵ȻӰﲻˣҲˡ
ͻȻת̬ȣǵ۽΢飬飬ҲûɣûţƨҲһߣӻ
߼ǰӰӭһһŮеͦΣЦݣŮģЦٻ⣬ҲзɫЦߣڼʱĿһ䣬¶ЦݣŮӿ첽
ΣǰԴеʦܣɻˡ
ڿ˺Ŀһ¶Цݣʦ֣
кˬһЦһ򣬸ϽŮӽܣʼնЦݣжԣڵһѡ
˱˴˻콻̸һĻڴǰǵﲻѣСʲôʶʦֵģǳֵܵӣƺ찡
ͬΪõӣ츳ѣҲչעԣλһ·Ī
Ҫû죬вɵﰡˡǵһҧСܶȥƬ̣ǿвڡ
ɨǵӣ΢ЩϤʵʦܣѣ
΢΢һǵת̬ȣɻѣֻǿǵһЦݵӣУãƺҲǡ
˫磬Щӡ󣬵ûƺǰ˵˴ϵĺܳδ£ϾǰҲֻǲ룬δ϶
ǵпһϽӿڵʶǺأʦܣǰ˵ҪЩĥţأ߰ɣҴȥա
һ̣Ȼȷʵ죬֪ʦܴҽ԰𣿡
ɣɶϵأǵһţ䣬ˣԴԥʦ֣֪ǳɵȱ˲롭
Ŷɨ裬Ŀ⿴Զͻ°㣬򣬵һȥӦáС
ǵ۽ǳ˳飬Ӧã
ֻǴ˿һ԰ȥ;У׶գۣգ۵Ԣ⣬ԣɶ˼ǵƺ찡ˣˣøɶĻǸɶ
һ·ţǵӲйϵشֵܼࣺܣ
ԣǵĻŭС԰֮أһСԺͣ¡
ǵӵ˴Ϊҿ֮أƽʱûҪãҿ˳ҲҪˡ
˵ǵգۣ˼ԣÿǸǣ
˿ûĿڵϣȴǰϲܶ࣬һ²ãţװɣ


049 ض
ʦܣ뿪ʱ㣬ˣǾǵӵ
Ҫˡ迴Ҳһֵۣ˿̵˼ѷ֮ˡ
ԣǵһϲ٣ɵӣܱȾΪǿѹΪֻĲ㣬ϱڣհɣðҲһ
ɳЦݣǵӻ뿪
ǵ뿪ͬһЦǵӵ˼⣬ȻǳЦѣֻǾȣĸҪ
һЦóӣֽһɹװ룬ʶһֱĴȹ˰Σоվӣһӣʱӵص𣬶֮£ˮӿȥ
һװһʱɨɫٴóһ編ƣãǱװġ
ţˣӦùһꡣɨɫλȥʱǻԼ
Ҫյģҵ¡
һ·ߣνְ㣬һſԣݿȻһĿ⿴ĵӣЩһɫ죬رǿκ󣬸ˡ
Դˣǡ
԰ǵӴģʣֱƸˣΥڹ棬ҲԼ£ԼǱǵƭģжɡ
С԰ʧȥǵӵԣӦòϱƽ̣̿ͷ
ʱǰһȿɫȴǴ䣬ǰ˵ȥ
ô߳ˣﶼǵӣȻ¿ҷǵܷɡǵһԹ
²δͣ£ھż֮ʱһ޹·ˣ
·
ǵӼѪ·㲻С԰Ȱ̾һֺõʦܣðҶˣʦǣ˵䣬ھ鵤
ҪˣˬĻ˻֣뿪
ǵüͷһǸмĻ˻֣ʦܣҪҡ
ԣŲ΢ͣɨۣЦ΢΢ͷٴǰУа㣬ûˣ
ĿӰʧǵӳһЦ޼ֵȴ䱦㻹ԵϴΪ˷ҩҽҩãΣӦҽɵˣʦܣллˡ
ţǵӴſڣõС԰ȥ;Уһ˴к
ΣصС԰һ㣬ɨܣɫĿɿڴ૵ߴط˰ɣ뷨ոȷС԰ʵϤޱȡ
ֻⷽԲʮ׵С԰˸󶴣˶ףʮףеı䣬ΧǽԵҲɼ
ΧǴ˼ȦǵӿԽԽãȻڵϣеʦܣʲôҪô⻹԰ǡ
ţǵ¶ŭ⣬ϱ£Ƭ¡
²ܱҴģֶʧҵأһĻ׵ﰡǵбޱȣĿͷΨ԰͵ˣ͵֪Ҫ͵²Ż
ģʦܣӰҪô࡭

˿ɫݣȸԾޱȣװˣټ꿪ﵽ㣬ǰͿɡ
ϲõ˼ص壬ĽݺｻһŻصСݡ
ϥڴϣȲĽóװһСʶ룬ʼ˴һαչأһչأо
㲻


050 鸿
СУů͸䣬ϥڴϣɫƽ޲ȴ㣬˿ν塣
Сڣϥ£ʵʰΣջһϸС㣬¹룬֮һСѺɫȼհ㣬ٱ
ͻͽָоԣ֮á
ʱţתۼ䣬£弸ʦһһǰչҲδ뿪
һգСӭĽݺӰ˿̵͸ȥһ˿֮ɫԸο
һЦĽݺɨСǰüͷ΢ŮãСô
΢΢ҡͷĽݺĬȻ뿪
ԣĽݺ˽⣬˵ӿɧ㣬ȴΪ߰꣬Ϊ˿СʦóԽӦôӸеʡ
ԣһھͱչĽݺ⡣
һ·ǰУĽݺ̾Сչʣⲻʱġ

˿̵йɣͷڣὫĿĹȻ˶Ŀβͷ
仨꿪룬ǰ屶֮ࡣ
˼ţڰĳҹеһͣƺ֮Ӧŷﵽ㡣
꣬꣡
˫΢΢ɫ¶ϲ⣬ϸϸǸо䣬еŨˮʱ仯֮УڶĸҲΪ̡
һ죬У壬زƣΪһ鲻ƿ£ϱΣѵģĽݺʦ֡
ջϹס
ĿⶢƴˣֳЦݣһգ˻档
ϹףѴﵽˣãҾͻᳬ㡣
˼ѹ£ʶ룬ΣһԴӦͬʱӡǴ˸Ƭֱ̣۷ɳڿвۣջӰ
һ£˶˫ɨܣЦĴڳˡ˿̵ޱȣĿȴ⿺ܡ
ΧСݲתȦмãǰ£ʵСӣģ
ڣ赭һЦΣ½һͬʱҲϹ֮˵
Σ΢΢ͷϹұڣ˵Ҳǲ塣˵˴ҡҡͷһ壬壬Ԫ֮Ȳһû壬ﵽڡ
ֱӣһףͷҲˣʣµģܽ룬Ԫָ𣿡
ҡҡͷûֻǼ걻ѵóпһѣ˵ûָ½Ԫ֮Ҳָ֧Ϣ֮䡣
˵ţ˫ͫͻȻһ裬ŵҼǵòǰĲ㰡㣬ɶٶȣ߰ʡ̥
۽ǳ˳飬ʱͷǰ΢ţֵСӣܹ죬һУϵŨŨĿţŨ˵ӦòֻĲ㰡֡
ԣɫһ䣬˼Ƭ̣ʵ룬ľ飬һĲ㵥ޣ𣿡
Сӣߴ½꣬㾫ĺ٣µٶʣµģ㣬Ҳ֪⾫֮顣
˵˴ε֮һǧ꣬ҼֵĹ̥
ԣüͷ΢壬ʵں֮ǰͷЩףر㣬ѧ㷨ɻѣԣ˴𰸡
δ֤ʵΪȷ
ţ農룬ΣһģһͭɫС֣е룬ʶС𣿡
΢΢ɻԪӦȥƬ̣۽ǳ˳飬ͷСӣСҼ˼ƹݺܶ࣬ǽоƺ
˻һɫùŹѵӦκ֮
ûУҸӦκ
̾һѺǴ򿪣ԥһջشУڤڤиУСҲδʶ
˵ַоģܾۼСӣⲻǾɣ˼ʣͻĲ㣬ǾⶫԽںЧ򲻴󡣡
貢˼ĵ˵ͷ룬Сǿʯͷóʵ룬ʯأ
С벢ι죬ϤӺɧܽ˵ĶҲῪڣټԷ֮ˣ֪ÿ˶Լ˽Ҳüʡ
˿軰ĿⶢǿɫʯͷƬ̣ȻۻʯʯΨһܣǾۼʱ䲻һЩʿרʯͷռ˻ǣӶƻᦡ
۹أԵͼ֮˵㲻⼶𣬲ֵһᡣ
ԣ΢΢ͷɨʯͷսС
룬ʶ㣬ûܹΪģʵͻ㣬ٶ̫˼ǱƼɡ
رʣˣټϹף֪ǻ뾡취Լء
ΪΪɸɴá벻мɫԼӣ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷĻܶ࣬ĻҴӲΪԺûС
ԣ΢΢ʧʱĿһֵѹģУǸƺҲΪ֮Ч
ⷨڸֻ֮Ҫʩչ˷ƽʱɵ᲻һ⿪ͷŵķΪҲٴλָСӣѧ𣿡
ѧɫһϲƵƵͷ
ӣԸе⣬аû뵽СƽʱһᣬҲʧ̬ӣţͦɰģ
˫΢΢ϣ˼һƬ̣ʶԽ衣
˫΢գʶзƬ̣һ̡
鸿


051 ˮ
ʣһ£԰ֻڴﵽЧС˵ȴǽԶ
ָоǰٶȥͻ㣬Ҫһʱ䡣
һԣ̫ˣ
;Ҳ̹룬㣬ΪһŽʮһԲ㣬ż
뻰Լٶ˼һվСĿϡ
˿ǣһͨѯʣ֪Ϲȷڱչأ˵ΪָжݵԱ֮
һգ轫͵ȡҩ̣һ飬׼һкоǰȥ͵ȡ
Соһֱȵʱ֣跽˫ۣʶԼȴĲ¶Цݣ鸿治Сϵ;ټϴڵΪҪʵʵΪΨȱݣֻЧ
в֮ģƿţɨ߲뿪ͻȻ䣬Ŀһϣ룬Ӵóһڵر
һУ軺뿪
һ·ǰУ̤ɽСŲ֪С֮ζãɫ֮ʱ壬ɨ۹㳡˿̹㳡ϣţ죬Ȼһ롣
貢δͣ£߼ǰӰӭ⼸Ůӽǳˮ壬ȹɫرм˫һ˿ǳȻ˼̻ӡ
Ůӱ˴˽Ц̸Ŀ΢⼸ŮУʶĲ࣬Ψģ˪˪Ҳ˵磬˴˼ζѣȻȴ·
ŲδͣǰУͬʱŮҲǿ裬˴һ֮ͣ¡
üͷ΢壬Ůߵȣõסȥ֮·˿ҲǿдĿԴĿ˪΢΢ͷ
һͷ༸Ůüͷ΢壬˴гͷʲôʽӽҲԼʸ
˿˪һüͷ΢壬ģͬ΢΢ͷҲǱ˴кһͷ˪˴˻ӣи롣
룬·֮£Ȼֻ֪ǻ󣬵λ˪ʱлȻаԼл⣬л⣬˪֮¡
У˪֪·֮¡
˪ͬҪԵлӶ࣬·֮£ͬУȻҲ֪ǻ壬α䣬չһŮ
˱˴˻ӣԴΣ˪ел֮⣬ջ˵ڣɫ糣ĵͷ£һһ뿪
ֻתɲǣ˪ǿһۣ̾ʦܣǵ·֮£ˮ壬Ҳѣллˡ
˿̣˪ԣǼŮӽС΢ţвţ뿪ĿⲻʱɨӰ
Ĳĵӣƽ˵ƽĵˣʦȻкҪ֪ڣʦδӴкŮӼ䣬˴档
ֻǲ֪˪˵Ӹ߰С֪ҹ̣˶ݣصͣкԭֻһл⣬˵ллδ˵ڡ
лˮѡ
һ·˺ɽ֮ɨĴӰʧԭأٴγ֣ϴ˼ɽ
СӣϲŮޣţɲŮòʱֱԲĻ
ԣɫ糣˿˪ֻл⡣
Ӧ侲аҶˣСӣɫ죬ȻŮһ£СԸ񣬸õˡ
СӣҶУŮһˮ塣
ˮ壿Դɻ
ǣؼ䣬֮壬ȻҲû֮壬һģǾѣѣһˣһΪͬޣǰ;˵ڷ֮͵
ѹִŮٶ֮졣費ΪȻ
ԣ΢΢㵣ǵʣٶȸõˣҲվѲãδЧ
üͷ΢壬ʵվѣˮѺ𣿡
ѣûдΪ߰ԼѣⱲҲ룬ҿ£ڶûΪΣֵһ·˵ڻоѣҲӦöѣֻߣʱȱһɡ
ԣŲͣ£૵оѣʱȱһɣ˼ˮ壬ȥΪְڻþоѣþҪһʱ
ԡ϶
пһر뵽þУԣ˴˳ŵпʼ䣬С
СӣҸоƺѵҲǻ֮壿񰡣߰ʣʶЩɻѡ
˿δţٶ磬ߴ罫УΨһ䡣
Ҵ壬ԼϤСС
Щ߳󣬵ȳˣȢϱձﰡ
ѣʲôϱ
ϱһӵˡ



052 
ҹɫ٣㾲贩˼ɽȿյǰһ㣬ݵض룬ٴγ֣ɽϡ
ɨɽǰΣɽǰ
ʱУ˵С󣬿ʼΣóϣʱ
Сӣвٵͽޣİɣ˵ţֺ˸Ƭ̣ӰĻȻ֡
˵ͷ󡣡
Ŀɨɽȣ絹һͷɽȵĽǵͽ㲻õɶˣڣЩͽ󲻸Խǰġ
䣬֫һ˶ͷܣ䣬һɵ⡣
һºɽܱɽϤϤ֮ʧΨһСУϡɼһ˫â˸â΢ҲʧڶС
һɨ룬һǧУӦ֮ڴһɢϢѹõͽ޲ҿ
ţŹȱȥһ죬Ƭҩնʶƿ£ĩˮ봢С
ΣȵһװΣʣഢСȥմ編ƣʣװ
һװķѵʱĿĹˣͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ֱǰ
ɽǰԵһֻͨԺڵС󻺻ٶȲ죬λư㣬һ˫۾ʱɨ룬Ŀк޾ɫ۵ģǴǰצצϺƾһֻצͱȴ
ֻҲǼĿ΢ɻСƺҲ壬Ѳ
֮ʱߵǰ˫ɨһۣҡҡͷĿͻأϣʱߴߴܵǰСӲϳ鵽Χ費ߡ
߽߱УУƺϲá
һԺСҲ壬ܿǹ˿ΧԼǽԼʳˡ
ţϽӿռٶȣ󣬲ᡣ
СӣҲ룬Ӧϵ࣬Χ㣬ӦǱھˣҪҿֻڽ׶ΣΣһ
ԣɫ΢ɻǷɽ󶼻ţ
ԣΪӦˡ
Ŀ΢˼һ֪̾ǱԼǽԼʳˣǺߣ˴󣬷»ˣңһߣǧԼҲ޴š
ţٽװ뽻һҲʧԭأʧСĿͽȻһ䣬׷ȥɨ۹ڣѹɳ嶯
ߴߴŲ֮СصǧС
һ·񱼣;УʵСӣΪβգӵдȻʵҲһ룬ǧҲ·ߣҪЩͽ󻹿ɳɳס
ɫأصΪƿزˣǷɵĻұȻףټǧţҲ޵ؿա
ԣ̾һصԪһճ˯
ãص壬߽Сǰҩ㣬һкƿţڴϥ¡
С糣ܣм֮Ʋ¡¡ƣƲ·ǿۻʯǰеĴ˿ȴϵ󷽡
һСɽ㣬ڲͬʱɢŵ
΢̣ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ѣǰռҩΪޣС㣬ҪҩĻܿȡ
谵ԼģΣҲзҩһԶСУˣΨһķ
ֻҩĻֻˣϾǶ꣬ҩһ֮ˡ
ǰ赹νΪУ˿̣Ϲƣںֶ롣
˵ˣʱܣ˭˭
ʶٴιСĿһɨǰķҩ˿ǲδ
ɨ۲һҪ꣬ҩ⡭
ŽΧߣ˼Ƭ̣ϣȴĬĬ
ʱһɹ֮һ̣һ˿˿Ĺ켣켣졣
оƺϲãعأعĸ׻㡣
һ˺ܳʱ䣬ٴ֮ʱзĸĲͻ˿̣ԼԼ
оĿ죬ʧҲ죬֮ϣĬ
ƿ֮£԰ֹ֮ͣǷҩʼΪŨ
Ŀһϥ
ͬʱʼ䣬˵ٶȲױ㣬ʤڲͣЪһһ
֮Ч


053 
ǰ꣬СУɫƽϥڴ˵˿δΪߣȴϼڣˮɰ㣬һ֮£ͻ㷶롣
㣡
һ̣ĿͽȻһһ³ѹϲãʶٴνС˿̷ҩ룬ɨû뵽ƿܡ
Ŀͻأ߲ƲϣɫԥУȿɿ߲Ʋϣ֪Σ
뷨ת̾һʶ˳С˵ǹ߲Ʋʣֲ̫ˡ
߳Сݣɽ֮ɫһһǰϱ仯״
ٴһӣعأĬʶǣƬ̣ǰʮ֮һпٳ֣гֺ󣬿ʼΧ֮
ʯľСݡ
ϤһĿһٴʧǰٴλָΨһģڵϣɼһ֮
ﵽ㣬룬ⱾǱȻҩҲ൱ԣֻҪʲ̥ˡ
˵С֮ټ鸿֮Ч
û֮ӵӦ֣ʩʱ٣ֻ֪ЧΣһ谵ͬʱóʶǶϡ
Ƭ̺΢΢ҡͷһҪߣĿǰΪ俴һ룬һģ塣
վڳ֮£ĿԶǹţԽԽǿҡ
ˣϹԽԽʱҲԽԽˣʣʱ䣬ҩϤѡ
Ѳ߲㣬ֻǶڲܣĿǣԼͣΪ꣬˸ͣҪӿ죬Ψеֻ֡
֮أŨ֮أΨкɽֻǰأЩǰһҪ͵ȡѣ
ţǰѹ£üͷ΢壬ʱǰɽ·ּӰӰһ֣Ŀʱȥ
ˣһŮ
ԽԽǰ¶ЦݣŲҲǻǰ
ʦ֣ʦ֡蹧弸ʦ֣Ծͻֳ㣬ӳڣ£⼸ʦִδЦԼвϣرǵ·֮£ˡ
дʦ֣ľ⡣
ſݻһۣЦԣСһ£裬ȵʦ֣㲻ƽ㲻ҡ
˵ţѥһȵ棬ĹĵĿ衣
۽ǳ˳飬˵ʵСʦãĲǺ죬Ψ֪ģСʦԻƤû꣬˲ﲻٵӣ䰮Ľѡ
ܵ˵ǸС
ʦá΢Ц
ԣɲ뵽ΪˣľͷкҲ̫߳ˡ
˱˴˽̸;Уʦַŷͻ㣬Ƿ׷׺ϲϾʣһﵽ㣬ǳˣ뵽һ꣬ǳǾȻ
ֻǵ褣ڣͬ㣬ʦûʣҲֻܲ׾ڣҲֻΪ¶ѡ
ʦܣȥɡſο
˵ͷɫ糣֮УڼʦԣɰԾ壬ԼʣԼʦҲԼ˵Ǽٵġ
һ·̸ȥ
żʦֶУɫЦ磬ʦǰԣڰοԼ˵٣鸿ѹƵ㣬ʵΪȴ㡣
һͻ㣬Ļ
̤ɽ·ʱ
˿̴УĽݺ˫΢ţ·־ʦͬڴˣڼ󣬱˴Ŀǿȥ
һԼϣϾӣһδˡ
ĽݺڿΪĿ΢ɫźۼĵ˵ͷķ꣬Ӷϣһ꣬㻹ֵġ
輸ºĽݺɫֱĹŰȼҪ˵£󣬷ſ裬С֮·ͷɿɽģҪԼ̫ͬҪѱչһˣȻſ˳һ˰ɡ
üͷ΢壬ʵڣ
š
Ľݺ˵ͷܹÿ˿̶һСͽ׻ᣬ⽻׻ɣؾеģȻ֮Ҳֻãʦ׼ȥһˣȥɢɢҲá
ԣĿ΢ֽ׻ᣬжţֻһЩ֮˽֮ӱﻻȡҪ֮˵ˣ͸һֻǽײӣǻ
Σ˵ͷԴڴкܶͼʯڽУܻȡĶŪҲãϵʯ
ӦУĽݺ΢΢ͷǳڡ
ԣſݻһۣ˴ĿԴ˷ܣ褸Ǿܵ־ǲϽЦϾܹļ硣


054 Ϲ׳
ģãڽ㳡ϣһθĵӣ˴еϥеַ̽еڱ߽ǣ໥д衣
ʱһϼڿлƬ̱Ʈ㳡֮ϣһҲ˼ٵӵĿ⣬ۿȥɫ¶
վڹ㳡ˣһˣһţɣӣһ˰棬ǱǷǱչϹףһˣǺڵϹơ
˽֪ϹϹ׵ܵܣ˲ѪԵϵϹ׵ع¶˽ںϹΪ֣乧мӣǽҲǸȡ
Ϲ׶ԴӣҲǿأҲ´֮ӡ
׶˴γأ˵δﵽԲҲػʮ㣬ǰȡĵҩһ·һţ⣬عԲ硣ɵ
ԣϹ׹

ʦˣΪӦػʮˡ
ǰ츳ѰΪڴӡ
˧ָжá
㳡ϣϹ׵;Уϲ֮ϴĻĽ֮
ϹɫưǻǹŵЦݣĿϰߣֻӰӰغģΪ˴Ҳһ졣
δ
ϢţϹײűƲѽʵ
죬ϻ䵱һսԽԽеĺŷȥͷȻ⣬ںߵʱ䣬Ѳ֪УС
ӵطԱΪԼܿ
ѣλָĲΪԼԱΪ㣬Ϲ׺ܲϣջ֪ڤɽ֮սԼˣĺܳס
еٱƷ
ĻթٴҶȻҪ潻档ϹаȻ˿ţһսȴдſɬ衣
Ŀ΢ɨϹɫ΢΢ҡͷ
ڤɽһսϹ׿֪ҲòĽݺ֮ͽĲ㣬øԴ£ΪʤΪôһ
Ҳˣһʧܣڶ潻棬ԼͽʵֻҪȦףɱ練ơ
׶ԼԼϷҪĽݺɰݣǲ֣ܶϾǰڣĿġ
뿪ʱǰŭ֮
ӳڣÿζĺҵģ˽᲻ģɣҪѧǣǶݣЦƨ˵ľ㡣
¹㳡㡣
۽ǳ˳飬Ľݺ꣬˴˸֪Ľݺ֮β֪Լ˿̲ڴˣĽϹ󺰡
Ӵⲻʦ𣿺ٺ٣ͼ޶ڣû뵽ڴ˼ԵٴδǰڵӺʶȤÿڴУĵӰ
ȻĽݺ伸ӡ
ɵЦ磬ĽݺԣϹĿͽȻһڼӰɨӣһϡ
¾װɫ㣬ǹĪЦݣ裡
ټӣһĪŭϹȭرǿĿɨʱеΪ衣
˿ͬʶɨȥϹΪ壬΢ɫ糣һ˿Цݣƺǳƺǵ⡣
ʦܣͽˡĽݺԴϧϹףڵӴҪСİ´ٸΪƽ̵Ļ۵ġ
ԣϹһ䣬ɫصĽƽ̲ˣ´ΣҶȻԴɱ֡˵˻ʱĿɨȥ
ã־Ľݺ΢΢ͷɨɣ䵭Цں󣬲˺һеϹףͽӦʶɣ¸顣
һ΢΢㵣ɨĽݺ򣬿йʦ֣
ĽݺΪ΢⡣
Ϲսֻ꣬һΣ˴˾ӺߣͽȣһͬĪûκĿģûκΪƣΪӣȻ࣬Ϊĳ
һʱ䣬΢һΧ۵ӽ룬䣬ԽԽΧڴˣ˴аͷ̸
һʮӣһ㣬ڸ𣿻Ľƽ̣˵ڲҪңÿӳڣ˾֪رǡÿζǵӡ
Ľݺɱ˴˺˼Ŀӣ˼ԣĽݺĿģڰֻ꣬Ϊ˿ĳ
ܷͬͻԪӤܷصڣ·ָܷɣȫϵĽݺϣ꣬һֱĽݺǰջ
СϹ״ʦ֣ڣ̰ɡĽݺԣӿɧӲǳԿ
Ϲ¶Цݣ֮⣬ס
ȵĲʲôֻҪͷ͹ˣⲻ棬Լϳڤɽĳ衣
ʦܣδɣ


055 
㳡֮ϣٵӽ룬꣬䣬֪˻ӴһӴǱԣϾʵ⣬֮ܿƴķ棬Ǵ䡣
رվƽ̣ǸΪ϶
ĽݺƽŲϣﲢܡ
Ϲ׶Ȼ׿ԽλһֻЩӸеɻģӣкʸ࿹
˵ηδЩ˰ɡ
ϣҲȻͬ
۽ɨĽݺɫݣɫĪЦ⣬һЦ⣬оϺܼ꣬թĽݺƺ˵Сɲ֣ӾͲ֣ˣ֮岻ܳԿ
뷨貢δ϶ĽݺΪƺ㣬ˣᣬ뷨̫Ϲ׽ӴϾĸŭܻ᲻ֶγɱС
ֻ£ݲԼѡţĽݺѼϼܣԼϷͷˡ
̾Ҳ˲ˣӲͷƤϰɡ
ţɫôʱϹ׵ʦܣδͻˣϲɺءֵָָ꣬ʦϹƣҲ㣬ǿ໥һ
һ䣬߳裬ưϹƣ˵˴ͻأתͷʵ磬Ҹýʦ֣ʦأΪոͻ㣬Ҷͻưˡ
ϹһЦʦְɣȻʦʲУ֮ϡ
Ŷ˵ͷʦ֣
ɨ꣬ӡƬҲ֪꣬ǻں㳡ϼЦԼԴ֮
ĽݺԼ˵ˣǶ죡
뵽ٴᣬŪ˰죬ʵϹ˴˰̣
Ҫ⶷죬ԣмģ˶죬Ƥⲻʹģȭͷʵʡ
һ̾΢΢ͷǻ񣬵ɫһѿҲûͻļ޶ãϾ͵ȼʱľȣС׼ס
ʱʵ֪ʦִﵽ˼ꣿʽϲ಻٣꣬˵ʦƺ꣬԰ɣ
˻һΧ۵΢΢ݣĿ꣬˼ԣ費㣬ûʸʦ࿹Ҳ硣
ȷʵꡣ΢ͷ۽ͬʱĽݺɨȥаͷ㳣ҵķϣҾͰɣ⶷ֲΪȫ˷ʱ䣬ˣ͵Ϲɡ
ţɨϹףΪķ꣬ڳڵʱֱҧһڡ
ԣһЦԼ統ڤɽ֮£ֻ֪֪ӣ֮ǡ
ʦ֣㱻ҧˣοѵҲҧһ𣿡꼥Цʵ
û׷ǹ꣬ȴˡ̾
˻һΧ۵ӲǴЦ֮ˣҧˣȻȴ׷Źֻ꣬Ϊ˽ȴۣò˵Ϊܷ
һЦΧ۵ӣĽݺЦѣΨģֻϹף˿̵ϹһĵӲ֪ȴѣ˵ĹԼ
ͬЦѣûЦãϹһͷŭĿһģԸίڵĿģɣĿģԼҲˣΪΣ
ֻ֪Ŀû֮£ͷΪ׼ƽΪ׼ϾƾϹ֮£˵ӿġ
ĽݺɴЦѣһΣЩڣμܹĽ׻ᡣ
һĻΧ۵ڼЦͬʱҲ΢΢ɻ
⹷ҧ֮£˵ӦǴʦּЦѣΪȴһˣһʱ䣬رǿĽݺһЦǵһ˯ӣˡ
Ϲ׵ŭ⣬֮ŭǨ裬ҧʦ֣ұ˴㣬ɸдһ䣬Ŀһ˿š
㣬̤а֮ãʦҩ£ͻ֮Ч裬㹻Ľܣɱ
ԣǰɫһɨĿž⣬УĥƤӣʵսЧ˵д裬δ㵽ֹ
ţ뿪ڣʱϹ׽һŲ̤ǰʦܣдɣΣ
˻һüͷ΢壬
Ϲ׼Цһ֮·УӦη裬ֱǰ˲ܵȡ˵˴ԿȥĽƽ̣˵Ķ𣿡
ĽݺһԲϹǰһֱܱڵӣȻұɣأĲȣ̸δ֪ѶˣΪ
Ļϣ䣬Χ۵𿺷ܣرЩŮӣĿ¶Ľ֮ɫʡ
ѵΪڵӣʦܲŲд𣿡
㣬ĵĽҪңǰߣ˵Ķ԰ɡ
ʦܣɸң
Ϲɫأһ仰ʱɢ֮ƣһѹҲƮ裬޷Զ˵ɡ
ͬʱΧڵҲԼһĿ֮𺳣ƽĽݺɣ˿ɫž޲Ȳ׿ϣҲֹ
һʱ䣬ڵĿٴǵϣ˴ļ룬ӸӦʦд
ʦܣɸң
Ϲٴͱˣ


056 ɸ
㳡֮ϣڵ۷׷ףָ㲻ͣ
ϹһȻֱĿĶ裬˽⣬¹ϣȻҽд衣
ȻͷԷӦУҲΪɣɱǾܾӡ
Ϲ׺ţоѹǹɳ裬ڲú󣬽١
˿üͷ΢壬а̾ǰϹǷ֮ȫǿʶսʮ㣬ܾǵĲȣȫǹƨͨ
ֻĽݺĻڵҲȫɶ
ӣҲûβףϹףӲκ˵ĿҲֻʱ̶ѣһʱա
һ˵ңȴɨĽݺɫƽĿУһ˿ڴٿۼʦ֣һˡ
ٴΰ̾˵ͷ
ΣĿĹˣϣŲ̤ǰкβң
˻һ㳡ٴμžһĿϣƺ꣬Ĳ̤·һ̡
ᶨϣ
Ľݺ΢΢ͷ¶οЦݣСĴĹɧӸӦУȻ
ϹĿֵó֮ɫʦܹȻʶˣֻд֮£⣬ˣ㻹𣿡
ң֣ص
Ϲһϲ붨µص㣬ʱֵ֮·УӦη裬ֱǰ˲ܵȡϹʦ֣˵Ŀɶԣ
ԣϹüͷ΢壬䣬оЩףǵ˵ͷ
ɫ糣ֵұɣأĲȣ̸δ֪ѶˣΪ⻰ֶ𣿡
˵˴󣬽ŵ֮·һ֮ģصѭ򽥽˵ķųȣϹʦ֣⻰ֶ𣿡
һʳ⣬ҴԼǰᣬϹǹɲԾԽԽǿϸϸȥû֮ͷȴˣ
ãĿһ̤ǰһɫΪأкȵȻˣҪս㣬ɸң
ܴ㳡һʱڵ΢㵡
ǰϹ׳սʵǿᣬӣ㣬ڳڵӳģȱȽǣȴҷΪսк̣
ǵˣڴʱҲԴɻ
Ϲɫ֣أʶӼȸսȻıƣ񵱳ڤɽǰ㡣
һʱ䣬Ӧ
ЦһûϹף̤ǰһʵ֮·֪ѶˣҲһ֮ģҽսһϣȴһڵӿʼ
ĿɨӣƬ̣Ϲϣеɶɶģһڵİɣɸдһ
˻һüͷһرǾ䣬ɶģṳ̆ǰһ쵱кβң
ΪһȻ֮ɫҲйΨ֮ơ
ɫ䣬ǰϹ֮ظһ飺ɶɶģȻʶˣֻд֮£⣬ˣ㻹𣿡
˻һջޱȣһţӦУʱϹɫһ䣬ϽĿǺݺݵ꣬Լܵܵĳ嶯Ϲ׺ɸ֡
ǰϹЩԺսԼܵܡ֪Ȧס
ǰһͬԼһ㣬ȫǿʶƨͨصǾ䣬֮·ѭ򽥽صһϵս
Ҳ˵ҪսһڵӣͬڵӣղŵԼ
㣬ҲգҪһʼѡģԼܵܣټǾ䣬д֮£⣬仰˼ͬԡ
Ҫɱ裬ܵᡣ
Ϲ׶˽⣬ӺܼթɱϹƺͬڵУ־ҲǱ˴ƽ֣ϹһصĻϹڰ
аѣϹ׿˼ԲߣֻƬ̣ŸоǰԼǷǿʶ֮ԣҲ·½ˡ
˿̣Ϲ׳ĬƲˣ̤ǰɶɶģѵΪڵӣŲд𣿡
㣬ĵĽҪңǰߣ˵Ķ԰ɡ
ɶɶģɸң
ڴ˻һϹǰһޣƮ裬޷ԶΨһȱģǹ֮ơ
ҪⷬڵӶȫϹǰ˵һģһ
걻Ϲ󣬲ɽ󺰣磬㣬㣬Խ巨ұʤɣҸҡ
ֻǴ˻һϹͷһģŭȵ죡
ɨϹףٲֻкܱڵǰսԼȴսպ󣬶ȻڵӼЦر軹ġ
һɶɶģֱС뷨
ͬΪ㣬ǿȹ֪꼫Ϊ
˿ϹĿ䣬˲裬ڤɽһսĲΪȴԼϹǳ嶯߲㣬ҲǴӶ֡
ǧС裬Ӻգ
Ϲ׶ۡ
һʱ䣬㳡ٴαüžܶӣɲףΪսϹ״ʦ֣ܾսҪ֪ʮ㰡
Ϲװ԰ʱٴͱˣ
Ϲʦ֣ɸң
ţиУĺȣҲ裬սһ·ǰ
Ϲ׵Ĳȣη裬㲻ҽս


057 Լս
㳡һƬž˵̤ɣϾҲǶʮͷʢȻ٣ͱ֮£ٵм֮С
ֻҪ㣬ȴû˸ҡ
Ϲɫ粻˵кβңУͲ潻棬ֻ֪Լ¸ңҲ潻棬෴ͬڤɽǰ㣬ϣ
һ̣ЩڴɳڽΧֻǾ˰ΣϹ׾֪ɲˣͬԼս裬Ľݺֹ㡣
Ŀ˸а̾׶ʲĸˣĽݺͽ㣬ӣ˿̵ľƾǲͬˡ
ţǰһĽݺĽʦ֣д֮£ҿΣ
ĽݺɨǴӣҲ̾ҡͷʦܣд֮¡ɡ
С㿴Σ
ԣĿ΢еɡ˿УǱ˴ݣ֮ҡϹ׵ΪˣưҷٿƣǹעһӦ
ĽݺЦͷɨΧ۵ӣɫһ䣬ŭǰڣָĺҵģɺͳ
ڵɫݣ¶ΪǿЦݡ
ŭ⼸䣬Ľݺһ˦ӣżɽȥֻתǿ̣¶ĪЦݣʦܣ֮Ӧǰյİսɡ㻹ˡ
Ǵݵ¶ЦõЦݣϲġ
˿Ŀк˸Ľݺ갵ս֪ú󽫻վѣѣصһ䣡
ڽ֮£յĽ棬һ棬Ϊڷָǰ˽Թ
׶ƶ߰ɡһ˦½ɵ뿪ϹɨɽţкǱŰѹ裬ΣʣܳԽ𣿡

ƽ뿪㳡ڵӱ˴˻䣬룬ʦΪβӦսΪ뿪Ľƽ̣ҡڶС
֮д裬ƺӮˡ
˿Ľݺ̤ʯףǰͽůⱲΪȥػ⼸ӡ
⼸УͬĽҲο
ſʲΪ˳嶯ϳˣѶЩ־ԺܺãջŮңΪ˹֣ȱٵɫ褣ʶΨһȱ㣬Ƥ˵㡣
裬һȣҵɫˣΨһȱݣ̫
⼸ӣĽݺ䣬Ϥ
ǰ֮£Ϊٵȫ˵ģĽݺڼʤεģΨС
ͽǣƽӭ꣬Ϊ֮ɡ̾һĽݺɫ¶Цݣ첽̤ǰһģ޵СûʧȻթ
һģһĽݺԣ۽ǳ˳飬䲻ᣬаϺҳͷº󷴵Ϊꡭ㣬һ治ȥ
ĽݺٺһЦɧԸ˽⡣
߳ɽţĽݺһ񣬸뿪ʱĽݺͻأһЦСӽܸˣ
üͷ΢壬ĽݺǺ⣬ǲ֪ΪΣȴУ΢΢ͷɲڼʦ󣬽ȥ
ĽݺĿż뿪תֻתǿ̣ɫüΪأħսǸǻͽ
ͬʱϥڷУĿк˸૵ϱڣһ£жۣĽݺػ꣬¶ǰ֮¡
ħսһһã
˿̣żʦ֣üͷ΢壬ǹδʧָоƺϤȴеů
Ƭ̣ѹȴϧķ˼ϣϹף䰵׷ϾмʦڴˣϹײҹΪ
ʱ£ٻǰ֮£䣬ָоϹƺЩԾرԼս
ΪҪսϹ׵Ը񣬷ַأѵⷬڶԣǷԸϹףٳ֣
굽Ҫ£
ڤڤ֮Уоһ˿ףǾģֲ²Ψһȷ뷨
ĽݺΪ˶ԸɣԼҪԽһУվڵӵһˣ򡭡ܻܿ
뷨ûʵ֤ݣֱҲǹΣ֮УȴŲɡ
ӶϣΨһϣǿڽ׻ϣ˻ȥɡ
ΪģΪϵʯ


058 
ã֮ϣâնʦǰ̸Ц磬ڸüͷ΢壬һԲСԺܽΣ֮ҲǳԽˡ
ʱʶ
СӣͷʦͷϴһϢ
ĿһϢ
ţ֮ɻͬ㣬ڴбϤҺȷ֮겻룬ܻƵӤӵд㼸ʡ
󣿡ɫ΢䣬֮ʱе뵽ģ·Ļ
ҵ֪ؼݴıﲢ࣬Сһһħӡ
ħӣ૶ĿĻ׿ȥǸ򣬲ƽڸǣ䣬һɫʡ

ȥܹԽԽҲǸΪУʱ̤ܹǡ
ˮͷӿֵߣӳ첻ܹһ֮ɫ輸ŽֵУɫҲ¶Ц⡣
褸Ϊϲãٴλص磬һȸԾС㣬ֱۣߴߴĽܲͣ
費ʱͷСȥĵطȥׯ⣬ڣֵһĻҲһ˿档
ڽֵϣеʲŮȶˣһʱ䵹Ҳ˲Ŀ⡣
һ·ǰУڽβת֮ĿһƬ̱ǰϣǰǼòã޵ɢŵȻơ
֮ˣ˲㣬Ų㣬ʶ⼸˵ΪһĿȻתһ룬ҲȻǰǼӦɣĿĹȻǽ׻ᡣ
ţʦּǰУ;УٴμʿЩʿװ죬Ψһͬģ㡣
ʱһջţΪ뿪ֻ뿪ʱſպڡ
һֱҹɫɺƳϣ輸ŽֵУĿĹˣܹиΪ֣֮;Уʵʦ֣ǽ׻ںεؾУ
ſһ⣬ֽˮƹһں󣬵׻¥ȻҴȥƣ´¥δ¥´ҲЩ۷ֹ롣
ʱҡȣ׻󿪣ʦôȥǽ׻û㲻ɲμӣǹأ㻹ǰʦԸúڴͺá
ԣ΢΢ͷֻк棬ҵĽ׻ῪҿҪμӣϤЩû
˱˴˽̸С
˿ЩĲɣ׻ΪƸɾУû㲻ɲμӣԼǽ⿪鸿Ҳʸμӣֻһ⿪Ȼѽͣ⽻׻ᣬӦвڵڡ
˼ݲݽλ֣ʦֽ䣬ԻصջУڴϣ˼
Ŀǰľƣûпܹ棬ǽ׻ᣬȥɣͰˣҪȥҪͷһ㣬ΪҲҪﵽ㡣
Ҫġ
Ƭ̣ͰͻȻ䣬ĿһҲǿ𣬿аͷ桭
һģһžӨ͸Ƥ״֣߳Ϲ֮ҲΨһ˽;֮£иУӦ֮Ч
ʶ룬Ƭ̣ǰâ˸ڴȵĺâ֮£Ӵ֡
룬ϵô
Ŀ΢ǿᣬΣԴɻⶫϲƤ麣֮Ƥ
㣿üͷ΢塣
˵ͷȷʵڵͽޣ书򵹲ΣʳʱӰݶУֻԵͽ޶ԣʶһɨͿɷ
ԣĿ΢䣬ǴƤΪЧԵͽ޶ԣͽ޵Ļ൱ʿ㡭
ԥƬ̣轫ϣƬ̣һ֮ϴ˶٣ǲû֮С
վӣڷͭǰͣ¡
֮ˣȻ̥ͬǰ㣬ٸӦϵޣ߸֮£ɢɷâ¶Ϣ
ܿᣡ
ˣ۽΢飬ϹױʲˣŪߣΪţ²Ŀ㡭
㣬д㣬Բͬ룬⽻׻ᣬӦ͵룬͵ףȻٵ͵뿪ߣ侶ǸߵΪ
ת룬е룬кβͬ
΢΢ͷܸӦΪҲܿʵòҿԿ϶ֻҪʿû˿ɷ
˵߱ԭȵ㣬úܶ࣬ûôɧţΪĿʡ
õĿ϶̾һȡ£ϥڴʶ봢Լӵеĵͼʯһڽ֮ҲƬ̡
ͼʯϰٿ飬лԪɣЩԼʱڴϣպĽ׻ᡣ
Ŀģ⽻׻ϵʯºľͼʯҲҪˣֻҪй֮һнԿɻ
һЩͼֻҪãҲ㻻ȡ


059 
׶ǷΪʦľɻ󣿡Уɵֱɫݵ
·Ϲ׹񣬶ɾ֮սȷʵɻѣ룬ҪɱӣҪ꣬󣬶ԣҲкξ޴仯
ϾͻƵʮ㣬û֮¡
룬Ϲ׿ȴͽȫʦš
΢΢ͷǰ㳡İս˶ԣǳ־磬ǶԱ˴˰սϹĽݺһҲǱ˴˾ѵ
Σֵ㲻ɶӰ죬ΪΪʦ㰲һʵǧǰֻˣĽɽ⡣
ԣϹĿкâ˸ŵͷ
ٴν䣬뿪
Ŀ뿪ϹɫŨɱ⣬ͷ૵裬ĴδѣҲٽ㿴ɵͼӣ˴ƽƽ潻棬Ļᡣ
ʱã㳤γԽҡϹȭ
ȷʵԣϹУѽɳ裬תΪĽᣬڤɽ֮սǳ裬ǰյĽ尵սĽᡣ
ϾһСĵӣĴսԼٵȫˣַ䣬κ֮ˣṢڻ
رϹưӣˡ
ҪСĽᣬɱ֡

һߣ뿪󣬾ɽȥĿǣȷʵĻĽݺȻƸۣ˵ĻĿ겻
ӹ꣬Ҳûβס
ӰƮɣҹնУãںɽĳһɽ£һ죬һɫâڴָӳ˹âֱʣҫۣ޾ҹɫ£ڰ
˾ٺɵֱ˫΢ա
ʱǰйâһ˹һ£һͬһâʣƬ̣ܹŵâڿ΢
ͬʱ򣬾ڸɷٱȥڼڸ֣һ֮ţ⼸ˣɽɢޡ
һģ⼸˽ɽ綥֧
ˣ˫΢ĳһ䣬һӰƮ£һµۣɷȻӦšһߡ
ӦΪ֮һͬҲǷֻ֧һɲͬʿڷŶ
һһ߲ԣվڱϡ
ƽ̣ţʿѡȡٸԤӦһޣȴͬڷŶźǰ֮ãڻͷƽ̣Ҳڶ
ԣһп϶ɱĿġ
뵽ǰػħս£һ򣬻ҵ˵Ҳ
ʱ½½£Ϊ׵һߣһͷ׷ɫĪЦݣȻǶԪţ
ڴˣһһŮеĿ࣬һգŮΪһˣòӺݻ˷ֱϼɽŹԼȹԪ
⼸ڲͬǱظٹ̵ɣ˵ʵɱȣƶԣҲ˴൱
ڼ֮Ǽɢޣ⼸۷ΣϢǹޱȣʵȴ˸Сǽڸ֡
Ƭ̣˽ǵ룬ټɣɽ֮ϣۼʮڸ֡
ϹҹΪ£ЩмС֮µĻǾͱɱˡУһϹҹѻ˵˻֮ʱϹ϶ųΨһŮԡ
ܵǹɳĿ⣬ȹһڴϹΪ뷨ڲԪ֮ƣѲ֪жŮ֡
ڴϹ¡
ģк£ͷû뵽Ҳڴˣǰɱͽ֮£Ϸûء
ߣɱˣʤ㡪һΡ

ɽϷϹʼ˴ŭ䣬гֶԾ֮
ʼգɵֱΣеƵ𣿡
˻һһ㣬ɽüž˵Ŀ⣬ɲǼϣĿУ֮â
ƵӤǶԣǴ֮߶ԣǽһؾ֮;
Ͼֻ߳Է˶ԣ½ڣǧ棬޾ս֣
Ψһĸı䣬ǽԪӤһԪӤǼӳ
Ϲл˵šһ˵
ɵһЦᣬһףһ״Ƭ̣廯Ƭ߳һˡ
һǵصϢӭɽ֮ϼɫһ䣬ɢϢǱ˴˸еԪӤڣ
ԪӤ֮ϣ


060 ֮
Ϊһߣ׷Բԣ׷ͯգĿȴȻޱȣɨɣڳϣĮ˽µӣڣʱħս
˻һ˵һΨһͷħս
Ŵսǰħ֮أеıݣʤսʮ˲㣬˵һУӵħϱ壬һãǴ
һʱ䣬⼸ɫȴΪܣߵЦһһףɳ׷ڼƽأʱȫԣº˽Ӥȥɡ
һԣƵᵫȴ̺Ųɷ֮ڳһҿڣǰΪŵϹҲǴҳ˴Сպ򣬹һ񣬻뿪
ֻ뿪ͬʱ˴˻ȡ
Ӥ䵤߽ԪӤ㼸ʣټһЩԪӤָտɴ˵⼸ֶԣɽ
һ߽뿪зˣʱһ𣺡һߣ֪ɣ㴫Ӧڡ
һɫһ䣬һͷ뿪
ڳˣҲΨһΪ֪ƽ̣ػħսʹʹɱʿഫȻڰǰڷƿڡ
ĿģΪҵػħսӦ֪Ȼһꡣ
һ̾һħսʸӤ䵤Щԣ̫ջˣϱڣһҲ
ڼһһ뿪ɷŹμƷɳϣ
΢΢ͷɣһǰ˵֮£Ҳѯãտ϶ħսڣڿԿףȻĽݺϣ㽫ʿһأӵнʸ񣬵ʱ벻Ҳѡ
ɽ֮ģĽݺˣƴ֣ʵ˼ܣǰǵ߳Ҳġ
˵˴ƷɳϣԴ˽⣬ΨһȱǼͽټͽƣȻҷ
ţ⵹ҲǲԵҪЮĿ΢Цֵˣɣһ㽫Ľݺ
䣬һƮƮ
ħսսｫԿ֣Ľݺ֮õӼɡ߱˵Ӱ䵭
³ɹӤڼ󹦡
ɵͷͣһֱӰɢһĳЦ
ħսĽݺ㼸ͽҶŽȥˣӣҲӲɡ

ҹ農ſ뿪󣬴߽ȥһ·ǰУĴ֣ĵ͵ɢϢԼٷò¥Ůӣۡ
Դˣ̾
ʱſһ¥ͣ£¥ǰվСװ֮ˣſ΢һϸ£̤¥
ϣ貢δǰվƬ̣Ŀżʿ̤Żǰ
λѣδһ˵òʣʲΪҲ壬Ӧĳɽܳӡ
ɫĮ֣ϼɽ
ԣÿ·һ̤롣
ʱ˿̴ۼ˲ڰ֮ˣ֮첻Щ˷θ죬һģǴŰȻ֮ɫ
һλ谲Ȼ£Ŀڴǰ̨ϣɨܣȥſ⣬ЩҲ죬ڵӣ
Ƭ̨̣Ϸһߣ߳󣬴ڲʱһ˵ͷĿףҲһһ
ÿʱж֮ɫ糣ʶɨȥĿһΪҲѹЩ˸ӡ
ã߻һ£óһе׻ᣬһһȣտź죬һѷɽ˷ɽգٶȻ̶ȽϳˣƷۣһͼʯȻкƷҲɽ
˵߽ɽһʶƿ£ɽžڿв
˽һУٵĿ¶֮⣬кǼǮ
ɫᣬĿŴһĻжԽ׻˽⡣
ʱһƷųٵף˫΢΢ϣЩƷԣȥ֪ЧģʣĽп֮
ֺ֮࣬꣬ݴŨޱȣֲݣ֮ѡۣһͼʯߴԣһӣɫΧת
ǻ󣬴һƬ߼üͷ΢壬ʱ˵ֵ麣֮ңжŰɣԺУһãĹãڴˡ
ɳ麣йţǽ麣ȻһޱȣȻΪŨûɸѡ֮Ҳһá
һʯȡ֮ˣЩﳬֵˡ
ɨ۴һ˺ۣ̾ȡʱ֮һ
һʯȫҪˡ


061 ֮
˳ȥڴҽ䣬һĿ˼ɫΪĮƺ֮ҲԴѡ
ټǰǾ䣬ȫһʯҪ˼ͬԣǼˣûȫҪ
̾һ֮¡
ɫĮȻʵһϲ֮ȻӵŨϵͻҩǰ㣬ұҩ麣֮ЧȻá
˵һʯʮ飬ʮ飬Ҳڱصãһʯ£ǮҲϡ
ɳţõ΢ܣɫĮޱȡ
ڼºһɫԴŵ׷˷ԺδҾͲ˵ˣڹЧӦۣͼʯ
һͽȻóƬ̣ͻˮ㣬ȳ䶯ǰǵҩ봢֮ǵһ
Ҵ˷жţ仰˵Ǳ
˫ͻȻĿȣĹЧУͬ׷һС
ʮʯ
ﲻӳУǰһһžɲʣڿ֮˺Ҳ̾ġ
̨ǰһȻ˫΢գɫݣƺܱߵӲмһ˰㣬ļžҲδɫ仯
ͻõˡ
ԣͬżͬĵӣ˿⼸Ŵˣ¶Цݡ
ʦ֣һھû˸ˡ
ǰƣ˭ûҶԪɴ
˭
ӴɫΪš
Ǻģȴһ˿ڣܶ˶жţԪ´ӣʮܳУеڰˡ
ƵһӣϹڴˣĻȷʵ˸ҿڡ
ŴһƬžüͷ΢壬ɨſʦˣĿмˣ΢ȻǰǵӣΪӦòʦֵ൱硣
ӦŲʮ֮䡣
ţȤڴˣӦûϳԼ
˿ɨ۴˺Ǯһ̾ĿϣÿеƷҲڱصãһϰˣֻҪһۣ˸ְڽס
붨£ʱڼžУһԴ
ʮʯ
һĿһ˳ȥ
ͬʱмٵĿ⣬ϣڴ꣬İɢϢȴС
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һʱڵӲǰɱĿȻԼʦͬϷ꣬ŭĿ࿴
ʦ֣˲֪ɵģѵ֪ʦڴ𣿡
ĺܣӦǵһβμӣȸҸ׷ߡ
ᡣɫɴݣеʮʯţڵͼʯԣܶ࣬׷־ڱصá
ֻճڣǱǴʮʯ
ƽʲôں㣬µĴ֮˿á
΢壬룬׷Ҳֵʮʯ⻹Ņ֮̀£ʮʯԳֵ
ţ˫ۣһλ׿ȥǱĮӿֵʮ顣
ԲҪһںӣ֮ˣ¸ˣμӽ׻ͷ¿μӣ뽻׺ص鷳
ʮ飡
һ̣ӿʼĿʮʯǰӦŵӽףˣ굽ĸɣ˲ƴ֡
Ҫ֪ЩӣһҲһͼʯѣ⻹Ҫְ𣬲μãʮ飬Ҳ´治
˿ɫĮȴԴ־ڱصã·ˣ̧߼ǮƲѣԼҲ̧ߡ
ʮʯѳޣ̧ߣֻܷϾи֮
ڶۣҲûУǲм˾٣ʯÿһ鶼֮ףƴãǵͼʯЧó
Ŀһתٴο裬֪Ȼƶģֵʮʯ
ʮʯͬ¼ޣƬ̺Ϸ˫΢գƺʼգڵ٩Լһ㡣
ڴƬ̺׷ֻ֣֮Ǵ˿̵Ŀкâ˸ʮʯѳļޣкõıԼҲֻܸɵۡ
˳¥롭һ䡣
ɳţ;УٵҲ֮ٴαóƷ᲻һ˿Ȥ
ڽ׻գó˽콻ѹһɫ
ԺδҾͲ˵ˣǹãӦ֪ͼۣʮʯ
һ¶֮⣬ӽ֪ӦţĻԼӵСӦ츮ǰ׵׷ͬƳ
һʱ䣬üžĿ⣬޵ϣ֮ҲΨд
ʮʯ
ֻʱȿڵģһٷۿȥǰĮꡣ


062 
Ŀ˸ڴ˴εĽ׻ᣬԸʧϵʯûУйıҲǲ࣬Ψһջ֮
ֺʧ֮ٴӻԾĿ⾡ڡϣٿǵСӦԴˣڱصã
˿ȻĶ򣬰Ǹһֱȱ֮û뵽콻׻ᣬȻˡ
Ǹӵдټ¡
һʱ䣬ɫԼ٣ĿɨԼʦܣеʦܣʯңɺһһұõ
Ӽ˴̾ǵеλҧʯó
ʯһպϣٿʯˣֳţеʮʯ䣬ǻɨ꣬Ŀдų֮⡣
ٿʯͨɵӸòƴɣǽ꣬ºԼɣֻǳС塣
ʮʯ
䴦Ц΢˫ۣݵһٿʯʯ㹻Ҫ棬һӶ겻ļ¡
ⷬΪʢභһ˼ҪڳӣԼ֮˿ˣĽףҲȥһ鷳
üͷ΢壬ʶ봢УƬĿһж֮ã绻ȡţ迪ڵһٿʯ
һʱ˴Ŀ⣬˴ɻһٿʯǰԪǵѺˡ
ֻɻ֮ʱٴ촫
ӣ鵤ƿ
鵤˻һڵӵһ˵ҩĹЧ˲ٶȣǰҲйƿ۸һʮʯ
ӣ൱һپʮʯˡ
ĿһΪ˲佫۸ߣҲ۸Ӧ꼫ޣЦһи
ʱٴδҲŵݣ˲ɫ
ӣڡע
˫΢ɫΪĮʵʰĿɨڵӣݿǰϡ
У鵤ã
עã
绻ȡ
ټڴˣȫ޼ɵ
»׿ȥ˫΢ɫĮرĿУһԢ⣬߹ң㣬򡭡
߹㣿оŭޱȣڡעƾ˷۸Ͳڡ˵ӵһʯƿ鵤
֮ҶҲԶԶǼҴ֮
һʱɫ粻ʱ̨һЦ˲μӽ׻һγԱ񣬿˴ҲǷࡣ
λӣҪ᣿ߺʺʱ˵ʵ
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˼ɫԼӼɨ۽裬нЦ
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һ¥һӰԭؿʧӰոʧ¥ż߳ʶɨԶһһֻɫƾն֡
ȥһָǰ
ɫڿһȦƬ̣Ŷ淽ٷȥЦһƾն𣬻ŹŹֵĹ켣ǰȥ
֮󣬼ӽǽȥΨһͬģС
һһ뿪¥߳ĿĿǰ롣
׷ȥˣǵӿ׶༪١
ǵǳβμӣǲйأ
ʲô¿ƵǰʮǵһǸճé®ģҲá
ǰеĵ̾ҡͷеֻеĺ治ѣŸ˼ҲŶȥ
˿贩УӣȻǵ׺֮£һ¥ⱼȥ֮ټʶֻҪԲһ׷١
ܹжţӶŶߺŶ룬Ӧ˲ˡ谵
ţͬʱӦһ룬˯УҲᣬһҲжݳ
ɨܣ˴Ϊһž֣粽뿪ʱʶӦһ˿죬̧׿ȥɫ˲һ䡣
Ϸһֻɫ񾲾վ֦ϣ˫ͫ΢˸һë֮ϣ䣬ŹŹ
һʱ䣬üͷ΢壬֪Լ©ˣؼ䣬ȥ׷⣬һ׷֮
ݣ


063 
ֻĿһɨӰƶʱɫоͷٷɳڷʧãһӰɳٶȼޱȡ
Ŀɨȥһ
һ£ɫݣǽ׻ֻ꣬ļµǣ겢ڿһͻ̤ڵ㡣
ǿƻߣȴΪ죬һ̤ǰˮз㣬ǿǰ֮Զ
ֹŹַɼҲǵһμ
Ƭ̣¾վǰʮףĿɭĿ裬˿ΪңӦǴ֮ȻΪҲ߲֮䣬Ҳ
˿ɫΪʮ㣬ǰǷ񣬻еķޱȣԴˣƾʵû㹻ġ
Σ޶ҲЦһһɫָƣһ磬̤ռ㣬ٴγ֣ǰ
ٶȱ𵱳ϹףΪĿ죬ΪĹ죡
ˣɫһ䣬ȻӦǰ˸˹âһ֮磬ֱǰϮ
ٶͬޱȣҲǸոշӦ
ʯ䣬һᣬȭϮʱһȭ
ײǿҾŹԣ辶ֱˣ̣ҲΪΡ
ȭֻǲ֪ѧηȭɫš
ˣɫһ䡣
˿£о˿٣ɫΪ𣬴˻ÿ峿سɣҪ˵ɵġ
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ѵҲ޻֮ˣҵҪȥڻϵ⣬ƣкλϵ붫ԪȡЦԿ֮һ̤ٴǰС
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ͬʱǵĿ˸һһ£Уɫ˻һŷ˲仯ɫȥ
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ּӶǽڲڻͬʱҲڲᣬᵽһʱĿһҲʧԭء
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ɫɳֵ£ޱȣ˿ϡ

ĻȻһ˹âΪۣҲ΢˫ۣȴоޱȣ׷
ʱٴλָž˼ʶӦȥɫ
˿վţ֮һɫĻ˹ĻΧǰɫڣֻǲ֪ΪΣϸС粢ܽ
ܺãЩСˡɫĿɨȥһֳѷ죬֪⸸͵ıǰ֮£һá
ֵ׷й֮޲
ɱ˴ˣ˭֪֮δȡȴһмΪŭ

ٴſڣģɫ棬һâ˹âڿ˲ʧͻʧذ㡣
ɫأ²ϺˣʶȥΧһƬž
Ƭ̣ǰһʹͷȥɫ䣬ǰʧĹâ֪ʱؿ֮Ҹһ׶Ӱ㲻롣
ܿ죬ܹ죡
ʹһҧۣЧ΢Ըо׶֮ȡԼٶȣΪĿ졣
׶ڣұɫΪأδţʶٺȥ
䡣
ٴײϼôӻ߷ݣïּ䣬Ҳ쫷紵㣬һƬǽ塣
Ŀǰ֮Цһдһȴǻˣ̫С
ǹţ»ǰּ䣬һɫ棬ֻ߼üͷͽȻʶУ̫ʧȥӦ
Ҫ֪̫Ҵ֮ѪڡʧȥӦһΡ
ǰŲͽȻͣ£䣬¸еһ˿ס
ʱǰ΢죬Ƭ̣һ𣬴˻㣬ĺֲߣϽӽھ¼ʮ֮ʱ˻ͽȻ󣬽ţһȫӰ֡
Ӱһ֣ɫ䣬¸ǲԼ𶶣ּ䣬ǰǹ𣬲֪ʱࡣ
ӦֻһָоǸޣ𡪡¡


064 Է
ּ䣬ž쳣
һ̤ǰߵ£Ϊᣬɫ㲻ԾţһɻϢÿǰһֽ
˾ǣ֦֮Ӳݣڴ󣬼ȻȻͻ˿ǻ֮ƿߣȼȼ
һзˣκ˶Ϥ˵򣬶ԻϵƿأԽĵӣ塣
Ȼȥǰ
ʶɨȥɫٴһ䡣
ڣ
ܣǰڣⲻܡ
ĪıʣɫΪѹǹɿ־壬һ£ɫǵض˻һ˲佫֦֮ӲݣϵʯҲȼ
ڴ˺֮£˲䱻û
𲻶ȼգʱֿʼð𣬶ܹǸգ˲䱻ҫһĻڳвļޱȣرǿԶǴɫ
˿̣ܹǽ֮ϣʮվĿ⾡ڰ֮ϣ΢΢˸
ʱһµҡͷǵڽ״ͷ˵Ӧӵвٱһһ
˻һ˵ǽ΢ţƬ̣һͽϴӳЦһһ˵ܷ׷ٵǵӣ׷ˣܴзһ𣿡
ߣΪԪɴӣ˵ζˣζ֪ǰƵӽᣬϵսʮӣΪʮ֮λˣ㻹𣿡
µĿػ֮˵ģ٣ǰ塣ǵӰȻ
ԣǰµ΢ȣɨԣʮУɫԴ壬һ룬ɫž޲ȻԴ£жš
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һߣھְ֮ڴʯ֮ϣ˴Ŀǰ֣ɫֻһ˵ʦֻ׷٣˿ѣǻ̿ˡ
˭ŭʦˣͷˣ̫ࡣ
ʦ֣ʦ彻ܹ̫䶯´ʦ㣬Ƿ񡭡
ˣֻҪܹھУҲóǽЩӣҶԪɵ
ԪɵΧ̸Ц硣
˿ּ䣬㣬ɫڴ˻֮£ɫҲǻɫ
¾ҺţĿĿǰľΪûʧ֪˺嫳ʿҲ·
˴𣬴»ҽˡ
һ¸ϥʱʶеһƺǰ棬ΪĻԾŰ
һܿռǰɫ濪ʼٶ죬ջһС
ͬС󣬲֮ȼĻ棬ڴ֮£Ա룬γһ嫵С
¾ǣڴ֮£ģģɿһӰӰ֮ϡһֻޡ
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пۣɴʼС֮ڿˣ֮ڡ
ҵĳ⡪𣬴˻³Ҳûٴջأֻܾɢء
ڱ룬붫Ԫʮ꣬δ˶Իƿأѵһֲĵز
֮ʱֱߵ֮ڣһ
žĿֲɫһ䣬ʶȥʱһһֻ޴ֱ
ٶȣ磬ԭ֮һĲӰ
ȵ·Ӧо󲱱ץסȴǵͳĻ
㲻񣡡
˻һ䣬ǰʧּ䣬Ȼ֮쳹գԶԶȥܿһֻӴ죬ֱʡ
ǴĹȥҲ죬Ƭ̣ٴλָţԶȥһҲޣͻδ°㡣
ܹǽ֮ϣʮ¶ݣرǰµӣǺޱȣµʵȻ˵˶Իƿأܼ
һߣԪɵӣͬرСӣ˿ļ⣬ʦֵĻϵ뻯ǰޣûǿԻû
ԻûƵм˿
ӱ˴˿֣Ŀ⼫Ϊܣʱľּ䣬ŲһӰ
ٿʣĿȴ飬עģֱֻ֣۱ţֱ֮ϣһֻŭࡣ
룬ŭĿɣһɻ֮Ϣһۿȥ
˵֣һˣ
һ̣Ԫӣɫ䣡


065 
ϢŰüëȻֻĿ֣Ǻ̿ʬϣɫٴһ䣬˴аʬǴʦ֣
ǰֱʵ棬ѵǴʦţֻ򣬶ԻϵƿأʱֳԽʦ֮ˣ
һʱ䣬⼸зˣȻʶϸϸĿɿڴ
ڣ
ˣҲΨΪʦַܣΪΣǰ㡭
ѹִƴʦ֣ǴʼնĿģǿװʦ֣Ⱥ֣
ͷ𣬼Խǿ϶ҲԼ˴ͷ
Ψӣ
ɫĮǰˣһףк̿ӳһףʱǼ亮ֱð
ǹɾڴﵽޣ˵Ųͬ򣬿ټֻǸ뿪ףߵͳﴫ
ӡ
ܼ࣬ԢȴԣӣӵĹ׷ɱ𣿱
һܵһٶͣ£շתǧһҧſЦ߻أȷʵӣӵ׷ɱδصܹǣ촦ˡ
һͣǰʱһ˴˻һۣǿЦ߻أ뷨УͬˣǺ޲һܳȥ
ֻÿ˼һҲûеͷ򣬲ʱӿЦվǰһӹǰ㲢޴һ
˻һӹȻ󣬽ǹ
ǰǰд˵Ǵʦ˵㣬£ڽ׻ʱҾȰˣϧһ˵
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ǰϣСģǡմɵģʵҺ޹ġ
һֺãһ߰ԷģǷ֮ȴһ
費Ϊеͳ£Ϣڡ򡪡
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һ
Ｘ飬ǿǵĻᣬɫһ䣬ŲĿ⣬ٽ棬ڶʱתһӸǽǺ̿ʬߡ
ڵʱĶӡ
ͬʱ躰ϢٻƬ̣ٴλָķ롣
Ǵ˿⼸ӻͷȻ֣ǵӣΪ൱
ĿһһӣĸʧУٴγ֣С
ĸټģܹҽ׻ʧӦˡеͬʱһ㣬Ҳʧԭء
пϮ壬ǿǺ·
ֵĺ䶯϶ܶע⣬ŲٻأҸžط£ΪŶ룬Ӧ˲
ұ뾡ǣϵԽãƺĵλȻԳӣв̽һ
ţӰһɽºٻһѣ뿪УǻһĻ֪ɫҲء
ķܹ죬׶ӰķҲܹŹ֣ܽɱеϣ谵תһ룬ҲȻ
Ԫ֮Ϊʱݣ궥һ㣬ԼΨĶӣĵطϰķϵ
ϵԣΪ壬ٴʵټȺľɱҲͲ⡣
ͨ㣬ԽԪ֮Ҳиһʶ
ʱ̣ǿһɣˣ
һ·񱼣ʱƣ֮Сӣأ죬ӡ֮ϣ
ԣĿһ䣬뻰иеһ㣬ֳٴӴóŹӣұ֮䣬Ƭ̣â˸ӻʧֱϡ
ȫʧƺһСӣʶӡǣ˽׷Ŀǰƣ׶༪ٰ
ʶӡǣüͷ΢塣
ţӺܹ죬ҲδҸоеʶӡǣӡӦƾУ룬Ӧ֮µӡǡ
˵ͷɫԽΣԪѽ裬ñȺһ꣬ʱǿߣԼȻΣķ
ͨŲ֮䣬ҲĶӡ
Ӧнǵһɧ¶Ĺ֣˿¶֮ɫҲһ
Ψнˣ
ԣüͷ΢壬ף˵֮ʻãټǹˣʵЩ˷ѣӣǰ
̾һĿ¶ϵȻˣ˾˰ɡ
ӣٺһЦӵҲɴ䡣
ǳ˵õȻǸȴͬԪ֮ţֻҪǴ֮ˣҪҲѣ֮ƺû֮ˡ
Ƶдһɽһ˿٩ǰֱˬɴ룬Ȼͬ
ԣ۽΢飬ŭ䣬һ㣬ٴʧ
СܼթϢԪ֮ʧϢ˼С˵ûƭ˼ǵʱǼ˲ɣӰ
ԣһЦСңǼ˻ûʵԣҪ뿪ס
˵ţȴһӣ߲֮䣬ǽ棬Լֻܳ뿪
㣬ûȴڤڤиС
ܿܲˣ


066 س
ܹǽ֮ϣʮվǰֱʵ˽ĺĪʱԶӰƮ
ǲǶԪɵ𣿡еۼ⣬е
ôˣ´ʦأ
Ƭ̣ЩĿ̿ʬϣٿǾĪӣУ롣
ʦ֣ôˣһнʵ
Ԫɵӣɫţʻ֮ʱֻǺݺһɣƬ̣˳ųŽ롣
ڵ˴Ŀȴѿ϶ԪɵǱأȻ˺θ֣ټʬ壬±ˡ
ǰµӣ󱳸亹ֱðǰһµ²ѣ£ڿҲճɺ̿ҡ
ʦ֣лˣ׷ȥ´˿ճɺ̿ˡ
ڵзˣ˴˵̸
ߣԪɵӸ̤ܳǣʱǰ׵һˣһȥɫʱһ䣬ӿŲߵǼǰŭȵȻ£
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ɫһϽʼĩһһ
üͷ壬ɨǺ̿ʬ壬֪¿ȫޣʵ˼֮ú򲻶Ϊ½ϵĳһ
ٽʦǣ˸˿ٶ¾ʣȥ
һ·ϮʱֶߣʶɨƬ̣ɫΪأܽ׻ᣬΪȻ㣬ӹɣֻܽ»ܣΨܡ
һһˣǳ˽ӦΪڣֻһˣΪѽԲĳط̼ڴﵽڡ
һ֣ǴԤı׷޿ܣڶ֣˶ǳĳɵӣˣҪɣȻسǡ
ټ⼸ǰԣӦڵڶֶЩϾһ֣Ҫɱ¸貨ۣҲø˴档
ţĿ¶ϣӵٻسǣʦסţֻҪŲΪ԰⡣
ȥɡ
ӹӦУ뿪ͬʱ˽һ㣬ܳſٱȥ
Ŀأü֮˵ΪȵˣδɣģǼҴ֮ǰ̽һѲڣȻ˶ߡ
ԤıĿģ̫
ʱӰƮȻ֮ϣվڳǽ֮ϣĿ·ȺɫΪ
̫мѪӡǣ˸һسǣȻҪѷɡʶǴ֮룬ص״Խ䷨ۡ
˿ܹţҹɫ٣ȺʱĿһʶڲԶһŮϡ
˲㣡һ㣬˷Ůǰ̲һΣٴηɻء
ŮΪȹӣΪ˵ӽŲ㣬˺ܿ϶Ǵˡ
֪ʱȥ
ԽԼ٣⼸ʱ߹ˣΪ㵽˲㣬Ŀ룬̫Զ
˿̵ֻϣǱߣջ

ʱĿһڲԶٵϣ˴¶ʮͷɫţЩλƣճȥ㣬˴ϣеһ˿
һ㣬˴ӳǽƮ䡣
˿һݣ˫ԺЩɵȥʱһӰƮ䣬һӰҲͻȻһɫ糣
ӣĸɵģ˵ֱʶӦȥֻΪ
ɫ䣬ĿˣȴһϢͣڣҪǿټڴ˳֣֮йء
ӣ۴кĿģǽΪá
п˼Ƭ̣ĿȻĸɣƨ£ĸɵӰĻţͻĸɵӣûʸ֪
üͷ΢壬δŭ⣬ֵϷǶԪʫɽɡ
ӣƬ̣Ҳ֪ˣŭ⣬ΨеǳЦţнˣӦõһγɽš
ûҡҡͷһͦˣڵӣ·Ҫǡ
ڣ
Ȼ򣬸ӦΪףҲѹִš
ó֤ǡ˵ͳ˵ΪڵӣǲҹҪ󣬱Ͼƽ̽ǻ̵ĺܡ
ûĵӣ˻ʶѹһѹһ˼ɫҲԲ԰ףԴɵɨˣó
˶̬ת䣬ͷɨȥɡУӲĵӣǲмûһΣ֮Уֵӣ֮Ҳġ
ɫΪɵһ񣬿ԽˣֻǸ߼˵ѵĻﴫ
СӣϷ֪ƽǺˣⲻͬ̫ţɱ֮˻ǽЩãҶѣˡߡ
費һڣһͷ뿪
һߣҲͲⲻ֪νĵӣܿ϶ȻǴˡ
һ˶ͻڣΪȻʮ֮䣬ټϴӽ׵ֶԾ룬ĻΪ
ӣΪ㣬Ҳͻ㣬ߣ˵³ç֮жǿҲǲ
ڴϣӦ̫Ϣ
ţӰٴƮسǽֻļ䣬ǽ֮УΪǿҡ


067 ħս
صջڴϣĿۣʶȺһ˯̾һ
ǰˣܿ϶йأʶɨʱʵر뵽ӣˡ
ǱˣڵΪºľ֮ҲһԼǣȻδֻҪʦ뿪˵Ӧ¡
ţ΢⼸գǲ뿪ջΪá
Ǽ貢δóϥڴϣ֪Ψһֻеȡ
һֱڶհʱ֡
Ӧɫڣ˫ۣ˫磬ʱĿһʶӦһ˿
ڴУΣɻһģһ֡
Ҳһ;ʱ΢΢˸Ƭ̣֮ϳ֡
ٹ飡
ܼ࣬ȴɫ΢䣬Ľݺֶͷһμ
ٹ飿ͷкҪ£üͷ΢壬ȥմ򿪷ţſ룬˿ſɫΪأеʦܣҪ£ǰʦҵٹ顣
ԣ΢΢һٿݼˣˡ
ţҵҲˣ
˽̸䣬ſջŶȥ˴֪Ľݺͬһʱ̷ٹ֮Ȼд·
һջ˲δֱͣŶȥʱڳ֮üͷ
ڶ֮ɵɫæ뿪ھŲԶ˲Ͼףһ󣬲ǽţڲԶĸ߿գһɼ֮뿪ԶԶȥΪ׳ۣ
輸˻һۣſǣƺɣһˣ
ʦֻһۣ߳ż׺󣬱˴˷ųɽ뿪ո̤Ϸɽʱ֮д߳
һɨȥɫһ䣬Ƭ̣һԲʦ뿪
˿̳֮ʮͬĵӾվȺУһͷųɽɫΪ԰ףĿȴ
£߰ɡһ˵Ŀɨҹɫ̫ʧħս֪սУ˻֡
ܹûӦ̫ϢȻ˸ûسǡ

Уżʦ֣Ƭ̣ſǰһӿ֪Ƹɵӿٻڵԭ
ħս
ſԺ󣬼ʦüͷ𣬱˴˲ٶٴμӿ졣
΢ħս⼸֣ЩϤ˼ãȴ벻𵽵Ϥģ

һߣ֮ϣӰվɫ֮£Ľݺֱɫأˣˮ塪ˮƽ̣塪ƽ̡
ͬһڣΪʿԣҲƽػħսһػഫں޹
ֻڼǰһ򣬶Ҳػơ
ħսѱȷĽݺľܾҲ԰쵽
ǧʿڣȺ򿪣ټаевͽ֮£ˣĽݺ̾
ʦãʦܣǵͽ߳ħս»ǳ䣬һУҵĴתӣĽݺ
ΨһŮƽ̣ˮʦ֣ɰڣĿģûͽħսֻᷢ£ӿ켸ѡ
ʦ˵ĶԣԢ⣬ǶԾʵڶҷ֧ĶԾµڣѲǵꡣƽ̵ͷ
ԣĽݺĿ˸֮ԣǰ֪ԣڵǿ֮ĩҲǵ֦ͬڡ
Ϊĳ棬˶ڱ䡣
ٴ̾һĽݺĿ¶ϣ˵ħսؿħӼϣҲԸħʮ˲㣬ǽˡ
뿪ȥҴʦ֣˵ңɲơ
ԣˮһۣ˴˰̾Ľݺ֮⣬ǺǸĽݺΪˣһԾŶȻ£κȰҲá
˽һһһ뿪Ľݺֱ޾񷣬ʱһ˿ЦݣУһһ
ЩԴݣУϳɳģڽĳһգص֮ˣĽݺЩӡ
ź
ͽǣħսΪˣ궨ȻලǣˣҪɳһʱΪʦ뿪һС


068 
ħǰأվħۣ֮Ϊ֪ȴ֪ħһͿ̿Ѫɺӣڴħеǰ꣬ʿֻҪľ
ڴħʱ䣬޴Ӳ
Ψһ֪ģħսħ֮Ŵ˵޿ռ֮ʮ˲ռ䣬ռڣʯߣҩط洦ɼЩ˷
ս˵ȴ첻Ҫ룬һӣ£ǧʿǰ̣ѰħսԼԿӡ
ȴѶʱȥս֮Ҳ˵С
ʱ˿̣ħսϢһʯǧ˰㣬ɣȣѪڡ
ͬʱϢ֮ԡ
ħսûϣ룬ͬǵħս޿ռ֮ȶʿ롣
ڽбԣһΪˣսͬʮˣսɵģӵеһħսʸ
һʸʲô
ħս֮ãµһ㣬صʯѴһֲޣһ룬ӵʸ
ԣЩʯݣֿɵãںĵӣΨѰǰ©֮ƣøٴη
һЩʵͲĵӣʼչЩʦųԵҩǿΪĿģǵһʸ
ֻڵӽʸջ󣬵ƵӳǧҪսͬʮˣûһΪѣ

صڣ֪ϢüͷţֱħսĽݺϲϵ
죬˼£˵ħӣӦħս߳·С٣Ļ⣬ҲĽݺеħӡ
ħħս˴ϵǣܿͲµħսܿ·УħӣħսҪһ
ĽݺභʼգΪħսҵħսǼǰԼ߳·
һϵԽԽԽĽݺȴΪĸмһֱǹһˣؼΨһĵģΨѣڣʵʵһˡ

һ轫мģʱűƿʦ˽
ʦܣħսʦҵ˽ɽչءſ
һƬҲˣս˵ڣҲһƬţ˶չΪںɽ֮أ֮ء
˵ͷſһ뿪Сݣ;Уʵʦ֣ɽ˵û㣬ɽ룬㣬ɽ𣿡
ſȻһЦأ֮ʦȥȻԽ
һǰһУʱɽ֮أ˿ɽǰۼ˴ӣЩӴ¶ɫĿ⼤
ڵм䣬ƽ̡
ſһۣߵ弸ʦԣ˴˻һżʦŴɽڲȥ
ڴɽɽǰߣʮңɫĮĿһӽʱһͽȻ˫ۣĿûΪɽ룬ŮҲ
˻һ輸˽Ųͣ£褸Сŭˡ
ĽݺһǰһٸӷƨսһƬˮУĻʲôأӣ첻Ҳýٸ¿ӡ
ܴ󣬽ΧĿüͷ΢壬ŭ⣬ʱЦ֮Զʦ֣Ȼˣǽȥɡ
֮ڣԣ΢΢һĿ
ĽݺɨȥЦ߽ڶȻɻӣֱŭ⣬ţɴ˿˼Ȼ
ȷʵ˿ɷǵΪ޳ɣĽݺս⼸ӹȻҪȫЩΪ
ˮľƽ̵˼£˶Ȼս뿪ƣɶԣ޹ؽҪ
ʦ˳ɽ룬ʱһžɽȣɽǳԣɽܱߣܼһƵɽ鲻ڰ٣һЩɽڴЩ
ЩɽӦǱչ֮΢΢ͷĿɽȵϣ˹ȵҩӦøΪŨֻǲ֪֮Σ
ʱĽݺͽǣǽڴ˶ȹܷ̥ǾͿˣסغԣǶҪ룬Ҵš
˻һ˵һⷬƺǶԼԣֻǵȥʱŷĽݺ˵ʱĿͬʱڼǰɨȥȻҴţԡ
һĽݺֵͽǾΪȥսõһʸ⣬ҪΪʦ뿴ʵΪ𡪡ʧ˵һʱƺԺƺ̾
Ŀ΢йŹ֮𣬵ʦŵҲһͬ
ĽݺοһЦ˵ͷת뿪ֻתɲǣĿֲᣬ⼸ӿ˵СÿһӽϤޱȣУͬ
ܲᣡ
Ľݺ뿪ſ˻һۣճĬƬ̣˴ףɽɽһһȥΨһͷĽݺǷ
Ϊʦ뿴ʵΪ𡪡ʧ
ȱ߻ȥ΢꣬Ƭ̣ԽӽɽĿ⽥¶ϡ
һͷ𣬴ͷӣȻͬԴӵеʱ㹻š
ΪĽݺΪ˵һʸ񣬻Ϊ֤ʵԼΪ˺Ӷϣ
룡


069 չ
ɽΪ࣬Ψеһһӣ׿۶ڣڶ֮ԣһʯأһǰȥʯƬ̣¡¡֮ڱʯرա
ߣϥڴϣĿ΢ʶ봢Уȶȥ֮ʱӽ׵õʶɨоݴҩ߼㣬ܿ϶
һУͭɫСӴзɳС΢΢𣬰Сˡ
СӴ򿪣ʶԽһŰɫСУһװɫ֮Ǳװ롣
һкڴСʶٴɨ봢Ƭ̣Ʒóһ
ֽʶǶϣƬ̣һйϢԺŴϢüͷ΢壬̾һ봢С
򲩴ǶڿɲģңϣҲδ룬Ҫû㹻ʱ㹻ϣǲܵġ
պúһʶɨȥƷң谴ʶһһֽ࣬ʣഢóƷһһࡣ
ͼʯܹ֮࣬ʣķɽ࣬ջشУǰΪҲûġ
壬Ŀһ֦ϣ֦һ֦Ҷƽ棬ȴ֦ϸӦŨϵ
ľľȴϵ֣Ƭ̣轫֦СУֻҪڲϵģС򲻻ľܵҲ˴š
֦Ŀ׷ϣڴ˷սʱᣬȫԽ
һЦ׷ҲװĴС
һͭ˾ģһƬʶɨȥȴһ㣬˾ƺǿ񱻷ӡˣҲֺһֱδõԭ
ӵһУĿһǸͨʯͷнǣʶɨȥҲ˿Ӧ󣬵ϸϸƬ̣ŻᷢʯͷУſֲϢ
㣬ǴʯͷԴҲǵͨʯͷ
ʯͷһʶСǶϣƬ̣ʶһ׶Ӱ㣬ʯͷⲿߣʯͷڲ
ʯͷӣһѹõĻɽ㣬ͻСƲ㣬Ʋ㣬ǲ࣬̽Ƭ̣򣬽һ˿ʶȡʯУȫ˳
һУ˲ͷˮڴʯҲ⡣
ʯͷ˵ˣһըʱŵıڰ㡣
òʯͷ·ߣֻҪûϸϸȥȻһʶĻȴСƣУҲˣʯͷһƣǸ㡣
һ谵ʯͷң󡭡ʯͷϢֲҲ
պƷʶСС
˿̵СȻͬȥмƲ⣬ϵ󼸶ɫɫҩԼɫ֮
ϵߣĿ΢ָǶϣʶһʱĿͽȻ룬֦֮ϡ
Ƭ̣ʶƬ̣һ΢΢һɫϲ
ʶ֮£ǹŹ֦ȼհ㽥֦ͬʱϵʼת
һתҪٿꡣ
û뵽ؼ䣬ȥϵʯ⣬֦Ҳݴϵֳ°ͣԴ
ٴɨۣʶ˳СС˽⣬ʱٿ꣬Ҫһʱ䡣
ٴγ˯У֪ΣܽʶӡɨȥӵҲǲţĿɽһǣɫ̰
ɽ̴֮ȻԣУռЩͷոһƿ֮ɽһǣƬȻˮС
һ¡ΪҲöڴûù±ʧ΢΢һƬ̺󣬷ռȻŵڶӡ
Цһȴᣬһ䣬ɽһٴ˸󶴣ʱǰ£ֱɽڵǧٿףпռҲĻȻࡣ
ڶ֮Ҳǲϴںͷеʶŭ⡣
Դˣ費ΪȻʶ
չģȻٲ˷ϰϵڶڶѵŻ𲻳ɡ
һǵŭֱͬʱϱػϣԴˣͬ壬Ľݺ⼸Ϲ˺棬Ϊĵӣӡ
ֻ֣ػˣδ֣ⰲűԵɽ㣬Ҳɻ󣬲ҲΪ⡣
֪ڱԵɽ˴ţˣҲʽչ֮ʱ


070 
ϥڶУ貢δаǼϹԼڱԵɽ֪кͼ
뷨һ죬ڵ峿еһ糣ŸеԼЩˡ
һһУװ֮ĴɳװСУʶСС
СаããһƬ֮Ķɫŷţ軺Ŀϸϸȥ
һ¶Цݣ˿תٶͣʮ侧ӨУĶں֮ɫ
ˣٴҲһһ㣬ܿļ
һУǹ֦ɵġ
֦ĹЧڴˣϡҲܱˡ
ţƲƲ죬ˣͺá
ǰ£һУʱƬɫ֮Ƭ̣ʶ£֮ȼհ㱻
ͬʱĿ΢ɨĶ֮ϣɫԴڴ
ԼϵޣԿĻȻͬ
һ谵µħս㡣
ȫǶڿΪɴӻĶ䣬ռʯȴʮʱ䡣
ʣĶʯһ֮ˮ֮ȣ½׻ҲδУ㣬ܹ׻ȷ
ҪģϹƣǷĶޣٶȶȻ࣬עϵޣҲ㹻
Ӷϣ޵Ļ߲ġ
ʱڰ׽ӵתĿ˸Ƭ̾ķͬʱתͬʱڰ׽ߣջ롣
һ룬һֽȻ֮ͬУʶӦ麣֮ңǴƾĲɣ
˸֮ʱʼһֲֿٶȣͻͽ
ͬʱڱԵɽУòڶʶӦȥӦˣΨ̤УģӦĵӡ
һ󣬽£ڵºð˿˿̣Щ̻㽫ջһ֮롣
һ½ǰʶϸϸ򣬸ˣ˿̵裬ͻأ
ţΪڰͻ㣬ʱ֮Ѿ貢ڴˣ׼֮룬ˣٶ˵޿ֲԣֱɶϡ
ǰ꣬˲㣡
˲㣬һ꣬뵱Ĳ㣬㣬һޡ
㣬貢ȣһֱиУֻҪӵŨӵʯԣ׾١
һɽѱðããһƬڶ֮֮ɫͨ
ʱ֮ǰɫ봫΢֮Ƭ̣΢΢ҡΣֳѣջѰ㣬档
軺߳һƬ֫â˸˹â㣬֣ɢ١
âһʧ豾߲ΪٴһʱһɹӰ֮Ϣɢ
鸿⣬˲㣡
仯һӣдƬ³ʱɽٴλָһ
ɽһǣһӰĻȻ֣Ӱֺ󣬾ţһ䣬һӰ֣գɽ˾ŸӰЩӰߣòһޣҲǴżΪޡ
ΨһǺ
һӣŸӰʧΪ֮û֮ΪϤ
ЩӰۿȥѷ©ʶ̽ʶǿߣ˲ɷʶߣԼϢͷ
˲㣬ĸصķȻű仯
ٴθһ轫鸿ĬΪ߲㣬ٻ룬Ƭֱ̣ۺâ˸һֻ˶ڿ۶
Сӣ˲㣿أĿ⵱¶ϲ⣬Χߣߣҡ˶ͷϵŨƺһŵزֻ˲㡭Ӧð
ԣĿ΢ѹͷʵ룬ˣ
ٺһЦֻ֪ӽ̫󣬴ڲӡܵ˵ӺܹŹ֡
˵һ룬뻯âʧеӵӡǣѣöãԪ֮գʶӡǽʧ
ʱ̫͹ˡ
ɫһϲ룬ӡǷҪã
һ꣬꣡
ԣ۽΢飬̾һ뽻ٴαչ
ʣʱ䲻࣬˴εıչأ費ͻΪСʣΪȻҪģר

иУһʶ̽ģˡ
ڵ죬ʶڴƣҲС
ǰҪ㼸ͷųûԲɡ˷Ի˷
Ǽأһɽӣɨ£
˼ʱ۽΢飬ɨ£ⲻ޵ˣ̫ţ
ܿ϶һ϶ͷԼӵġ


071 
һ£ɽɽһ߳Щɫ˴˻Ŀ⣬
ıչÿΪͻͽǰ˵̥ǣҲѹţ˿̵ǣ޲ñʼӶ֤ʵһ
˿壬Уַθĵӣ߶ʱйâ˸һѾ޴ƮȻƬ̣£Ϸ¼ˡ
Щ˴¶ʮ֮䣬еʲŮɫǰ˴£Ź㳡ȥһĻڹ㳡˴˻Ц
ԪҲˣŴݵӣӮһߣ׹죬֪ϼɽ֮
ٴɣϼɽȵӦţҲӦһϣҲǣʣɷְɡ
ţ˵ɡ
ߵӵ̸Ǳ˴˲˽ǶԼޣš
ʱһ߲ƲڿƮ䣬Ƭ̣Ʋ֮һȺŮӣΪΪһˣɫӺݻŮӽͤͤɫ
һĻڹ㳡ߵĿ˸˴ͷɵѵԴᾹ١
һʱ䣬ЩĻǱУͷⲻõһʸ񣬶һĿ

һȻһգڽϣͷӿڹ㳡䣬Ըɵĵӽ̸Ȳ첻
ħսһ㣬˵ʤҩҲǾ߱Եһʸ֮أѷӵдʸ񣬽صڵһõݹࡣ
ֱ
ˡ
𣬹᳹ɽ䣬һǧɫ䣬ɫܣһ֮£̨ͬʱС
ԹͬڵӱԸΪһ̨սʮսʤԽӵʸ񣬶μӵĵӣҲиɰŵĳϼǷ֡
ʮֱ̭
һطºڵӱ˴̨Ⱥ֣֧֮³սߣţʱ̨ӮˣҲͬ¡
Ϊ˷ֹףͬɵֻսˣҲ˵ڵǳսֻսͬڵӰˣ˲㡣
ʱڹ㳡߽ǣĽݺĿ˸ɨԵſݣ־ΪͬڣΪʦҪǼУʸΪĩһڣҲ˵Ӧʸ񡣡
˵˴̾һСһڵ࣬ҲѷֳʤģӦʮ֮Ҳó˰ɡ
ſӦĽݺ֮Ĭ˻һۣ˴˰̾ºɽ֮Ψʦܻڱչأʦܵʣ˴αչӦԲ߲һ֮ң
ֻΪͬڵһˣ˪˲ˡ
ʦ˵ģԴ˴εıԣ㣬ĽݺͬˣĽݺУ˴αԣֻҪɡ
ڵһʸſڣݵӦ
һߣ㳡̨Ϲ׵ֱɫȻǰһµɫ԰ףѪ
ˡϹ׵ĿΧ۵ϣֵһ
ֻǴ˻һ·ٵɫԥһʱ䵹һ˸ϡ
ϹײΪƵһˣֻһ棬ԪǵӾͰ䡣
ǰ׿ԽΪͽӮ⡣
Ϊһδܹ
·Ŀ⣬˴˽̸Ϲͬڵӣ̾ϹڴˣԼȻҪһһʱ䣬ЩĿ˴˹ԷöԷϡ
˿Ϲ裬Ʈ·Ӿ֮Ժ£ΨǵӰ
رǾ仰ȭļĳ
δܹ
裬ˣ
һ̨ϣʤ峡˿ɢŰϢһȻ򣬾·ս
ֻһȣһ㣬ڳϽ£ʱ˳Ͼ˿磬̨
º·һ˴˰˻ϵ뻯ʸѶ£ߣܿһڵӣΪǰ塣
˿Ӿں̨Ŀ˼ƽ֮Ψеͷǵͬ꣬һֱΪõ꣬ǹִꡭ
һֱиֱ貢ȻֱܲʵʣȴŲɣУΨһսɽɣԣһս
вս֮
ʱˮȥѶ£ȽĩһڣڵӴﵽĲ࣬ʮ˵սʸ
һڣϹ׺ͨʮսʸ񣬶սԴԣһ˳
սɳϣоɼΪ⡣
ڵӣӵʸģΨſ־ˣҲպôﵽĽݺҪ
ӣδȵ֣ŲսҲǳɹʸսΪʮˣսͬڣʵǰˡ
һսҲԺͬڵӵһˣΪ
Խıԣſ˵ͨҲ΢ĽݺͬˣΨԸۼӾȫʩչ巨ˡ
£Ψһӡ


072 
˿ݱģڵǱ̨ҲΨڵӣ˴ΪΪӽʱࡣ
ڱ̨ϣӶˮȣһᦣּһӣдʣʩ£һˮͰɡ
һʱ̨ϰâʣ棬һĻΧ۵ΪߣζΪߣǳ
ʱڱ̨ϣһݵЦ̬ӷףɫ̨ۣϵĿ⣬ųЦ
ʦ֣ѽβˣ˲㣬Ϊλϣںԣһӵ
ӵȻһЦ
սΪʮʤ˰ܣӮһձۺս㣬õһʸ񲢷£
ʣ༸˼Ҫơ
ƣΨĿһ̨Ǵʤ飬һսһһˣɼˮǴߡ
ΪҲţ˲ԲͬڵңңȣƵǰʮѵãĿһδ
˼̨߻У󣬼ӹš
ʱ̨ϱʤѳһܣһӣҲĹ̨Ϣһʱ䣬̨
һߣϹƾ̨ɫưȴǹŵЦݣԲʮʤսΪͬڵӱʮʤսҲܹע
رą̊́ʱΧŮӰĽи
˫磬Ϲɨ۱̨Ǽһﻹû֣ӦǷˣǼһΪҲǰ״
ǰǼһĿսңǴ裬ʹһļһϹгЦɨ۱̨ϳٰģתͷһߣͻȻ䣬΢΢һ
ںɽһӰնٶȺܿ죬ʱڿ̨һ£һ£δע⣬Ϲ⿴ȥҲ²֪
µķϹ忴̨ˡ
ˣϣԵģϹɫܣһ̨ѾǼһԵģҪһϳڵݽɨ£Ǽһǧǰ澡ʧ
壡
˿վ۽ɨۼž̨û뵽򣬻ʱ˶֪࣬ǷڽС
ǰĽݺĿ⾫â˸Ҳ΢΢ԱߣʦϲãȴԹһҲԹ˵
һЦ򣬶ʱĽݺò豭ƵĺһڣСѽβ㻹𣿡
ƽȴеڴһڴ֪ΪΣȴмΪȣһͷֻҪδԸϡ
Ľݺ΢΢ͷĿ¶֮ɫ豭䣬ֵȻϣӮٲҪҪΪʦ뿴ȫΪ
˻һ䣬һָ裬׿һΪʦڴˣ
һָ֮٣ֻǻţиУΪʦţ㹻ţжŪ
һԢ⣬ʦͬ⣬ȴ⣬ǳսʱĽݺͬ˵š
Ŀ˸߹ЦݣǶĽݺĴָһ죬˾꣬һ㣬ų̋ȥ
ĴָһĶĽݺпЦɧСƶҲѧˣ֪ûѧӵţӶ˽⣬š
Ϊʦ뿴С㡪ﵽεز
ʦ뿪˴¶΢ЦΪһۿ߲Բ
һΪͬڵеȣǲָʤʮҪǰܣҲҪܵĺңսӣ֮ҲĽݺΪܵġ
Ŷ߾紵ɫء
оıԣҪȫΪڱչǰ˼ǺãĿһħսһʸʤʮˡ
ϾΪСϢϢأսЩʯݣصġ
⿪ǹţںܾǰУֻԽδʵʣȷϾ¹
Ž⿪ˣԼʵų˽⣬Ϲ֮սа˲š
£ټһĿģĿ塣
׿
ʮ֮ãδйν棬գҪء
ڵӣһߣ
Σһ㣬ڱ̨ϣֱĿưɨ̨ߣеǰԣ
󣬵ڼžı̨ϣȴǻͬʱǧĿⱻ˴Ī꣬Ըİ
ƵӣƺϢ


073 һս
Ĵɵӣһˣڵ֪ܶ˵ΪߣΨһֵģսϹ״ʦ֡
һʱ䣬㳡Ŀڱ̨ϣ⼸βϳĵӣԴ棬Χ۵ӣҲǵѯʡ
ڣƺЩĬĬֻʦ֣ڵģ𣿡
ûӵǰˣΪߡ
ȷʵߣ߲㣬ͬеȶѣ
һЩΪϸߵ£ߵӽҲЦѣΪȻܳӣ˭ֻ֪ǸͨӶѡ
Ҫڿ
վ̨ϣɫƽǧĿ޶ãĿ̨һϣеҿɻʸ񣿡
Ϊɳ֮һְڼලǷ֣˿ԣΣʸڣʱݣΨսɡ
л΢΢ͷĿٴ̨ߣһָ̨ϣ˸ϣ
ֱӣܼ࣬ȴſ֮Ԣһ·ٴγЦرǸ֡
ͷ񣬸˵ģΨͬڵǰʮ֮ˣ߲˵δЩԿˡ
֮ʱǰǺɨ̨ϣ΢ͷӵҲƻǲ
ʱһƮ㳡һ£ɫų̛ϻУǰͣ£ʦ֣Ϲǰսɸң
˻һе֮ζɸң
΢΢ҡͷԲҸң㡪񡣡
񡣡ϹһЦѣĿ⿴̨ߣϣԹ涨ڲսڣδ涨Խϣ˵Ŀɶԡ
·΢΢ͷϹ׸ԽսеȷʵˣսڣͬǷ֣Բս߲㣬㵹ǱͷһΣɼΡ
ԣϹɫһĿɨ̨ߣڵĿ⿴иΪԺеʦ֣ҹʸѲ˼㣬߲㣬Ҳʵս㣿
ߣֵĵӣʮ֮࣬Ҳħսʸˣһ𣿡
Ϊֻһʵսʵʦ֣ʶˡ˵˻֮ʱϹɫΪţ裬а˲ġ
ԣ費ٶ˵Ŀ⿴̨߳ϣǳʱ⣬һЦԲ̨䣬ʡ䣬ʵԣһݲ䣬˵һУȡ
˽ӰƮͭһá
һ죬Χ۵ӶĿԴУⳡԻܾʣһ߲㣬һͬڵǰʮ
ǿһս֪ӻǿ꣬ϾıԣĿã巨֮ǿ˵
ϹĿһۣ裬δСҲδ߿һľ磬ţ֪ҪӮҪѹ
ʦ֣ʼˣ
費ᣬм³㡪񣡡ڴ˻һ΢һٴγ֣Ϲ󣬵ץס󲱣Ŵһһ֮£ϹӲ̨⡣
̣Ϣ
顣
Ϲƨ棬ɫãȻֱĿɿڴĵӣӦĿͬʱ̨ϡ
˿̨裬һվ̨ߣǽˤ֮ˣһɱֱֵ֮ƣƵᣬڣƬ̣
ˣϹһɳռš
ǰʱ޸Ӧʼգʶһֱģ衣
ֻһ棬ҾͰˣϹװԲʣֱ˳㣬ֶֻ͵ϮҸδʵ裬ɸսһ
ɫԴЦδ߻̨У֮ǵĮȣˡ
ԣϹƲһվӺ󣬳ΣŴһϵģ㡪ˡ
˰οԼӰ˳ȺУ䲻ôţżģǡ
˿̨̱΢ţĿϣΪ˳ԣĲ£ҷǷ֮죬
ֻһӾͽˣʣһЩʱӦӱôͺãľͣ
һʱ䣬Ϊ͵о壬ߣӮ
ΪеȵĵĿмΪӮֻ͵Ϯ֮޳֮
ΪϸߣĿ˸ΨеͷǶۡ
֮ʶǲ񣬵ȷҪϢ֮䡣
вδϲϹƣ᲻˿Ȥ
뵱㣬ĲϹʮ㣬һβԽս
Ϲ㣬УΪʵս񣬱֮ս
ƾ߲㣬оŲĺɨ֮Ϊ
̨ΪžʱͻȻϣԿս𣿡
̨߳ԣ΢΢һΣ˵ͷͬʱսˣӮˣսˣǰսսӣֻҪһδܣͬӮ˽Լս
˵˴ǳ룬ԴȵӣͬʱսˣУ߲㣬ֻеΪΪţëһҲԽ
Ҫ֪˽ģ
Ҳ˶ӵ̨ģ


074 һ
ʱ˿̨̣ߵԴͬʱսˣƺδйǿϹףҲδţϾͬڵΪ޼ͬսˣȵġҪоԵʵ
ԣ߲ͬԣҲ˵Ų㡣
һʱ䣬ڵ¶̫ˣΪ׾Ӯڵӣ͵ˣ
Ϣഫһֱﵽ󷽸̨ʱϹĿ¶⣬ȴԼȭһߣ𲻿˼֮УͬսˣҲˡ
ĽݺǱߣ˿ɫΪܣվӣЦͣһЦɳϼΪ
һսϼɽϣеԹ𣿡Ľݺ̾
ǳϣ۽΢飬ĽƽԵ٩еǵ߲㡣һӮ˵
Ľݺ޳ɣǵǣӮˣǰڽ𽣹ңΣ
ƨڽΪӮҲһᣬĿĽݺЦٴ£Ŀⶢ̨ϣСӣӲû֮սһӦС
߲㣿
ſûôţ˴˰ʦΪ˳ĬܳͬʱսӮ
˿ɫƽаѧ㷨Ĳѧ㷨ٵ˲ѧʮ㣬û´Ӧˣ¾֤ʵһ
ţ̤ǰһм¡
չʮˣһϣ
˻һ̨߼ΪžڵӸոѹµľٴ𣬱˴ĿɿڴͬʱսҲˣͬʱսʮ̫ˡ
һʱڵ㿴ңҿ㣬ȴһ̨ⲢǲңйɲʵͻӵǶϷ㡣
һЩԵĵӣһ̨֮ʱҲŲȥ
üͷ΢壬һָ·е㣬ɸϣϵͣɸңˣɸң
һָ·䶯Ƭ̣һµ̨ŭģӲ˼Զٶѣ㻹浱Ӳϣ
֮һĵϣ¶ŭݣ˽ˣһһСӣ˱̫
ʱ·½½ָ̨ȴΪڵĵӣŭѣЩӺϣޣΨнϣ̨ϵϡ
ʦ֣ҽѵѵĸҺˣ׳֣
翴˳ˣ߲Ҳװߡ
һʱ䣬̨ϱַǷʮŭĿɣΧ۵ĵӣ鼫ΪŹ֣ʮˣⳡҵģͷһμ
㲻ֻǣ´Ӷĳŵˣɫһ֮
뵽˵ӳ壬ҲˣΪңǼʶˡ
ǰᣬҲҪ㹻ıǮǵ߲㣬սͬڼʮ
ʱɫƽʶɨȥڳʮˣΪ߲֮䣬ڰ˲ȴһˣţĿ̨ߣ˼
·˲Ȼ˼ϣϾǧǰ˶ٱͲףٸһƣ˳Цѡ
̨ЩӣһΪйŭϣȻΪսرһЩĳĵӣΪ϶
ɿʼ𣿡ɨ̨³ϣǳĿɿڴУԣƵƵͷУΪսǼޣ˭֪ʮһ
ʱ˵̣Ҳû̵һϵĵز
ˡ

һµӵǰ߳Ȼһ˾ˣںѹ󼴿ɡ˵Ϊ߲Բ֮һڵ΢Ƶᡣ
˶٣ˣƣǲϵġǵ쵱â˸ͣƬ̣Ϊһ˾һռݴ̨˶ͷ裬
ɫ糣ӣͬʱսʮˣǳ嶯Ͼ߲ΪΣѼ鸿˲㣬㹻ĺɨ̨ϵӡ
ҪҪ֤ͬΪ߲㣬ԼǷоʵУǸоʵһ֤õķǻû֮ΪͷţԽǿԽŨû֮Խǿ
ɻϵֵز
ʱ쫷貢ţһǰʱ첻ͣţػ˰һȫɣǰ̣Ʋɵֱȥ
ǵӼЦû֮Ǹ֮Ϊǿ۵
ʱ˵ǾΪţǾɵĲˣǿ˲֪
ʱ̨Ͼײһȥ΢ҡΣŰ֮һ˿δЦһӣڶڵһû֮ʱȶ
ڶײȥâδٴһӣ˷ţڵ֮ǵĲ
顣
ϳ£ջҽɫ΢ͬΪǵӷľԼ˶ȻУһһͬ
Ȼǿ
ǳ
һ飬иУԼ߲Ϊڴˡ
˿̨̣ǵ۽΢飬зʵ֮УӺľķǼһＸ˾ͽˣѵǲǻû֮ԣܿǿ
ǵʩŴȻ࣬£ˡǵŻͷģʮĿɿڴ
ʦ֣ˡеѵ


075 
ɶ
ǵӻͷȥǰӿ費֪գ۽ǿ飬˵ȥͬʱСˣΪ൱ȴ

ʮɫ䣬رĳĵӼΪļ£ѹִţԭЩӿд󺰣ʦΪ൱ˡ
ԣں󷽿͵Ϯ
ҲҪͷŽʦǰȡ
ʮ߲ԣ˴˰˱ƽһҧ׷Ծͷŷɽףնâǰȥ
һײ̨ϰâʣʱֻǰ˱ɳƲͣһĻʮ߲ٴξ˲ӣһ㣬ͷŷӳ
ˣƲɵǰ̨Եʮӣ˴˴ʧɫرǸոģԥ̨Բģԥһ˵˽Ȼ˴빥ƣʣµģˡ
䣬쵱䣬ԵӼѣ֮Ҳ䣬أʮУֻҪ̨һӮˣҽӮ
ʦ֣ͣսˡ
ǵǿ֮ĩ˶ˡ
Ϊսµĵӱ˴˾ۼһѣźɫܣ֮ɫϿһ˿
˿̨Եһˣ£һưеȹ֮磬ȷ֮ҰؽҰͬڡ
䣬â˸һȫһĻźʱ岻ѡ
ͬʱ˴ź֮ûڰ꣬оа㣬йţʤ಻ϣֻҪΪ塣
Ƭ̣һᣬѹʱʧ껺˫ۣɫΪưеˣˡ
˻һ΢ţƬ̵ﴫ
ʦ֣ǽӻʦ㱻˳̨ˡ
΢΢һɫΣƬҲͼźӪУǱԹأ潻棬һء
˿ɫ糣Ŀʣʮӣǰ߲㣬а˲֮£⼸ӻ֤ʵǷڴԲ֮
ţ̨ʮӻһۣӸЩǷǷֻ꣬Ҫбˣһɽ
һЦһȡ
һȣƿش֮㣬Ϊģ˷ӿǰɣΧȴΪĹ㡣
һʱײӣ⼸ֻоʯײ㣬ӲԼɳ̨⣬ʣ˴˻һۣһ˿ŭȣնâ
һǵ˳ߣھ̨֮ʱն䣬һιâƾնâƲɵ֮˾ԱһΪٶȸǼޱȡ
Ŀ΢Ӳ˲䣬âһһΪһĻʣ˴һΨͷӮˡ
̨źӣǼΪܣȲʲѡ
Ƭ̣Ȳ֮ĻȻֹͣڵĿһΪӰٹѡƬ̻һߣӰٴγ֡
ˣʣ༸˾ޱȣڴ˿ֱ̣˲Ѱ߲㣬ϾѰ߲Ϊʩչ˷˵಻ϣ޾㡣
ź׷أʹһ˵
Ƿһǵҽɱ˹أǷˡһ˵
⡭㽫׷Գһ˵ʤõĻͲΥˡ
һԥһҧʹѣһʤŪԼţƲóϿʶ裬ӳͻȻ䣬ɫһ
̨ϳʮ裬ÿʶˣƬ̾ʧ׷ٲˡ
˿ЦΪҪ֤һ۹ʶȴʮţϹ׽ʱ֤ʵ
߲ʶܸӦ񣬵ҲҪϢ֮䣬⼸ϢҲ㹻Լٻûˡ
˿̵ԽԽţĿǵʶһٴγ֣ǵǰ
貢δǵӾĿ⣬һ˿ٳǵ̨߳ȥȴУһץ봢С
̣Ϣ֮䣬ǵӸշӦ̨⣬ĿɿڴƬ̣ɫ䣺ӵ׷أ˭ˡ
Ŀźϣŭ׷ȻԼ̨ʱ棬ȺӼˡ
ɫݣУٿɱȰ˲㣬ǷԲʣ֤ɨ䣬Ҳõһʸ
ţһһΪʣϮȥ
ʣ˱˴˻һʱϵ֮ɨΧڵӣԥãŲ̨¡
ǵӣиУʼնδʵͻè׽㡣
ǽǿƺֻӵвĽΪͬУĬĬֻ
̨󣬳һЩΪµӣɫأһʱ䣬Īͷ
һЩƽ̣Ŀ˸ǰΪǵΪһǻû֮ʼնţΨһɻˡ
˵Ӧǻû֮ΪȴŲ֮ѵ


076 
Ŀ˸δӦ̨߼ž֪ʶ죬죬һжСɣԭСϵ̫
㣬п϶
߲㣬ʵȴа˲ΪڴԲھŲ֮䣬ˡֲԼȭмΪ
һֱû˽սս֮ˣһǸ߹ģϹףܹꡭҲУδ϶
ͬڱԣȷǼģҲ϶
˲ٵģھŲ㻹Ҫ֤һϾԽ˽⣬ϹһսΪ谵ɨۼž㳡ᡣ
ԼһԣɻѣҪ͸ԼΪѣϾԼ鸿ѹڴˡ
ţ軺̨ߣĿϹϣ
һɨʱע⣬ĿⲻԼͬϹơ
ʱϹɫ糣ӦĿʱװ֪˿̵ţҲŵһսʮм仹Ҫʮ߲㡣

ˣϳر뵽Ǿ䣬䡪ļޱȣҴҲϣ˻ɡ
һĬĿԴϹư֮ģҲֱϷ̡
Цһᣬɨɼž㳡һָ̨ϣеһһˣ˭ϣ
ɺֱӣܼ࣬ǰʱ˸ҳЦڵУ²ϣǿƵΪҲ֪˭ϡ仰ӵʸ
ֻӵʸ񣬲ܽܣرǴ˽߲ѣڵɲʡ
Ƭ̣̾һĿ⿴ϣǳϼЦһսʱһӰƮ̨ϣ֮ǵȻ֮
λʦܣ˵ΪǰǷսơӷףµۣһһֱȺӡ
㾹ѽʸΪλҪȡЦˣȻˣһΰţʦдһӻܴиУΪͬڵϡ
Ŀ΢ʶһɨϲ˲Բ
˿̺ͬһϲѽ߳ˣֻҪܴӣȻƣʣԼȺʱһ
˺ԻƼң˵Ϊ˲ԲͬǰʮԾ㳡˴һ󣬺Ŀ⣬ʦܣȻ顣
ԭǻΰ˵ˡ
˵˷ħƣѴǷ켫֮
ǰʦΪУȣĻȻͬڵһ
ʦ֣ͣǵӸĽˣ
㳡ϣǰžĵӿʼźϾĬӣǸϲΰУټΪߣڵһš
رǰЩܵӣǿޱȡ
˿̣Ľݺüͷ΢壬Ǻһ۾Ϳ˲ԲŲһ֮ңΪһ磬ǰɨڵӣҲֻ߲֮䡣
ЩӿеĽֻ֪ǻû֮ѡ
ټԺжţ˼Ҵħ֣Ƿͬʤģ޼
һʱ䣬в豭ͣ£ʱϼɽϵЦһĽʦ֣ǵԽսӮˣڽΣˣ˿ΣҲ
ΣԼû𣿡
Ľݺɨ۹ȥΣ޷ڽöˡ
ǳԣЦһҲǱ˴ԼˣڽȣȻʮ㣬ǻΰĳཻܣڷħΪϤ
ʵ˵Ǵ࣬µĻΰȻͬڵһ
һߣϹЦѣںӣнӴֻ֪˷ΪǿԼԣһóԿ
裬ҳ˲ʵʤأ
·Ŀȣȭ޲ǫ́ٴαһǺԹԼʮʤΨһ峡Уһںϡ
˵ʱΪս֧ӵΪ֪ǿ
˿̨̺ϻУ̨߿⣬еʦܣΪͬڣѵΪߣ㷽ԥ˵Ļ㽫ǰǷ£Ҳ޴¡
Σ
ԣɫ糣΢΢ͷ
һͷúпϲɫɫ߲㣬練ƣҪһذܣţɴ䣬ˣ֮Ч
ãȻʦܴӦˣĳ˲ţдһд裬ΪսҲǶֻΪͬڵӣΪֻظ˵ѣϾ˭ⷬ˿˵ҪСˡƽ
˻һ̨߱
۽΢飬вͷ˿̣ӽ΢΢˲㣬һо֧ǰ˵һʱС
һЦʼɡԣʸѻȡⳡӮҪ
صᣬԣ˼ܸǿʢģС


077 ʮ
ЦĿɨܣ۶ȥʱֱϣʵʰİâƶתһұ۲ϱ󣬽˲䣬һȵľޱ۳̨ϡ
˱ۻ֣֮Ⱦʮףϼʵ˾ǣֱΧһ߲ƲͣƾӾȥľսӹɡ
һ㳡ΪžۼʶģһμģһǶǾޱۣΨͷħ֣
ħ֣ĽݺһμɫΪ֣أв豭Լͣ£̨Ӱ΢ߣ弸ӣɫأ˴˰Եǡ
һߣĿ⼤ǷħʶҲĿǰΪֹҲ࿹֮ǱܹâֻΪԣαܣ
˿̺Ӳڻӳ֣Ŀ̨߳ϣ˼ͬԣħѳǵӲĻ˻޹ء
ϾǱԹأǿʵǰԷ䣬޹ء
ǳϼ΢ͷɨ裬޶ԣ̾һ
ɫأǾޱ֮ϣӦȵʣ֮ͬϣ˵
˿֮ս趨ȻâһֻⱾΪԣټ֮ģԴ˷Ҫӣڽ֮ǰӣͬʱҲ·һ
ʦܣ˷ħֻ˰ţɽӣ£伴ɡӴݵˣȴڴ¡
Ͼϣ費ӣЧȻûô󣬵ˣһкɨɴ䣬ħ֮ҲٴγƼңǰ
ħ֣˰ȫľ͡
Ĭ΢ͷһͷúҡͷ̾ƺǹִ̬ȣʧ㣬ȴǿϲɨأһȭȥء
Ƭ̣˼о㹻·ۣƬ̣Ũϵŵӿӣֻ㼯
ȡ֮һ飬ȫǵصװ֮
ֺ֣ɫӣƬ̣ұ۱ںɫⲢδɫӣͻֲ㲻ϳ󣬼Ӵ֡
ʱͬƴޱȵֱ۳̨ϣֱ۹ؽڣָȫɣ֮£һƴϢӶ
ɣӣ
ԶԶȥħ֮֡
һĿ⣬Ƭ̣ںǷħϣһʱ䣬˴˼죬Ƭ̣
ʲôѲǽ
֪ӣ֪ЧΣ
пãʦ֣ˡ
üͷ΢壬ۣοȥֱ۳Ӿǿ⣬ȫɵġ
Ƭ̣ЦеʦܣҪСˡ䣬һ޴ֱ۴֮նȥ
֮̨߾ϽӣҲԼ˼
Ŀ΢ڻûۣ֮ʵĲ󣬵ҪΨлû֮ټ·ҲӲӡ
һ۾ɫֱֱӶ
䣡
һһ׾޴ֱۣ˴ײһ˲䣬һǿֱ۽֮޼ɵȥ
һΧ۵ٴκ˼Ƭ̣Ŀ̨ϣһɫ˲üΪʡ
̨ϣޱ۲һ𣬱˴˲£ͻභ㣬ħ֮ϰâ˸߲ϳɫֱۣһҲô¡
رǺɫֱ۽̲֮ð˾ǣֱ۲δ飬ֱ۱ϣˮ㣬ǰӿȥһӿҲն
ɫԲ԰ףǰײʱо˳㣬ʶӦȥĿһԴϲ⣬п
ħֽ£ȶԷߣȻԼΪŲ㣬谵
ϾǷħǷɺɨͬڵӣһ𣬴ֻƽɫԼû֮ǺǿԾɲһ֣ҲΪδԭ
ţٴһ֣Լֱ۲δ˵ĻܾܿŲԲ
ҲΨˣɽ͡
費˼ʱ뻰𣺡Сӣ˵ܹˣ޶ԣ£Ӧ˰ɣ˵ˣСǹ̥
Ļ˿Ϊʮ㣬Ͼ鸿һɲѹƣ⿪ܿӵʮԲ֮
ķħֲˣǼһȻ͵ģķħҼ˷һ˵㾳磬¸㾳磬һɨ㣬Ƿħ̫֡벻м
ʮ㡣
˿ɫĿɿڴ뻰޷Ӧ
㷨Ĳ㣬֣УֻʮΪȫ⣬ķӦ
ֻ֪СΪؼ֮ʱͬڵһɱʱռݴ룬Իû֮Ӧ
ڤɽսʮ㣬ĻĲ㣬ٲ뾳ϣӵڤɽƣҪӳҲѡ
һеĽͣΨС
Ƭ̣Ŀо˸Ŀ̨ϣȥʱѽұۣӿ䣬ұٴμӴ󼸷֡
ħֲ֣


078 
֣
ɱ̨йƵ֮С
ֻǴ˻һžһļž
Χ۵Ŀ̨ϣɫΪʣΨйɲʵС
֣
ˣ
ĽݺպĲˮ۽΢飬֣˲ϵϤǻû֮
ֻǻû֮Ϊ࿹ħ֣ҲΨһɽ͵ģܺܶࡣ
СΪʦҲ㵹ӻᴵ֣֡Ľݺк˷ܣ۽ɨǳһۣٺһЦЦֻ֮⡣
ϼɽ۽΢飬аСӣǷħңȻͼҲӮˣǵӺܿ𡪡ԣ֣ϵˣ֪Ļá
Ϊĺ߲㣬Ӳ˲ķħ֣ΨһĽͣص֡
㲻ֻ˿ͬüͷ΢壬Ϊ߲㣬ӲĻΨеĽͣǽ֡
Ƭ̣ĿĽݺϣȻĽݺû뵽һСϹˣħս󣬻Ҫһǵ߲ʩǲϹͷš
˿ĽݺӦԶĿ⣬ͬȥĿȴɸд˸Ī⡣
ȷʵ㳡ΧΨĽݺһˣΪٸߣϵûĽݺǰ¯࣬ԣ˴ļ䣬΢š
֣ѵʧĽ
ʦ֣˵
Ҽ漮нܣŴһ޺ء
ѽѹǵţǰûϡ
ʦˣ£ƽɫлᣡ
̨ߵ۷׷ףӶһƬ֣û֪Լĵ޼Ƭ̣֣ԼҲء
ǵǷ֣ҲΨ˷ɽ߲ͣɽ˲ħ֡
˿нɫޱȣЦλʦܣԭ֣ǰҵȳһңҿñˣٱҲֲ˺
ܴΧ۵Ӷ˴У˿̨ϣֱ󼸷֣ħְ׽ƽɫȻƽУٱȥҲȻ
ɫƽΪǺӼаȷʵƽɫǲʱԼ֧ˣѲСұ
ʦܣ࣬ΪңٱȥԶ׼ֶҷħ֣Ҳ޿κΣҪⳡ˴˺һƽΣ
ӻ˵ûӮ봫࿹Ҳͽһˡ
üͷ΢壬ȷʵԣ˿̵񣬵Ƿħȴ޿κΣ˵ħ֣û֮һֱ·磬ֻԼԽԷ̫࣬Ųܶѡ
Ȼӷħ֣ܿΪķҲֵ
Ƭ̣һһ뷨Ҳ¶ЦݣЦһʱľս֮䣬оǵӣƺҪˡ
һҾͲкУɣ˭ҧƬ̣Ŵ
˿ڶ۶ϣ֮ϣɫӣֲϱգһ޴ޱֱ۳֡
û֮ϼϾۼʮΪо߲
ֱһ̨߶ʱȻѣڵĿɫޱۣоһ֣ѲһҲ
˿̺񾪣һ֣ѷָгˣһĻ
ʦܣ߲Ϊй㽫ǱҪҵԺͣɴݣٴͷ֣Ȼ
Ƭ̣Ӽ費ΪϽҵͬΪʿҲΪԶǰ̣˳Σ
Ƭֿ̣Цѣ֧ˣ䣬Ǹ
ɲΪʼգӸо£Ҵǰһݣ˵֧޳ܿǷħ࣬˵Ļɨ̨ȫֿݣⳡҲͽˡ
⣬ɨԶ̨ĿϹϣһӣֺɫޱ۴쫷ɨȥһɨͬʱľڿĴֺ¶࣬ʵ
飡
ɨҶӷĻݰ㣬ɳ̨⣬˿̨̿ϣϹɾ֣ʱоһӴӰ¡
һýϹ棬һңΣڳдŭ
ĸң
үûôǿѵǵӣ󷢴ȱֻǽɨ̨

ɨԶѵ¶Ц⣬Ŀ⿴̨߳ϡ
ǳھУ߲ʤ˲㣬ֵ治ʱӦĿ⣬̾һսʤħսʸս
˵˴ɫ΢䣬Σʮʤ
˻һ̨Χ۵ӣһ󷽿̨һֱֵһʮӣǱ˴վ
սʮˣ֣һжǶԣԴȣսʮʤȴòǶݡ
ʵ˵ǿϹףʮ˶ѣʮʤΨһ߲ӡ
һʱ䣬Ŀϣ޶ԣֻǻ巽΢΢Ĵָ
һ˲弸ˣĽݺվϴο뿺ܣִͬĴָ֮󣬼ʦ֣ˣ
⶯Ψ巽֪⣡


079 ޵Ͽ
̨΢žƬ̣ʣٴοʼд裬˿̣農ڿ̨󷽣ԣĽݺһЦ⡣
Ӯȫ⣬ҲĽݺԺ֪ܣܣӣڲ֪ԺҲᣬԼ˵
ͽˣͽ֮·ԾΣɳʱ򣬸籩ʱ䰲ȵĸ塣
һ죬ɳᶥأ裬ſˣˡ
ʱı̨â˸ǣȴ˵Ŀ⣬޵ģһĿ޿̨󷽡
ɨʮˣԽսʮʤֶ֤ӵͬǰʮʵҲΪˡ
һߣʱĿ΢սԴԺͬΪҴ壬ͬһѪĳɹҴ
ֻԺУӻһ˿ɬ벻ʣ˵Ϊߣǽܿƽɫ֣֮ϾҪԵǱȷħָǿġ֡
СҶ֮ϣǰǣͬȭ
˪ü΢壬˫ʱ̨Ǳߣ뵱꣬ӡУǿŹϵڵģ֮壬ҲΪм߹ݣΪԼΪƽߣʣǱ
Ȼˣһα˾ܾ·ˮѣٵڵĺճһҲ֪ı䣬ֱ
貢֮ϡ
ʦ֣ʦཻ𣿡ڱ̨һߣһʮĵֺǿ󣬺磬һͺˣڱ̨ϺɨһУжˬ찡
ɫܣԶ̨Ŀ⣬Դ⣬ԣһ국ЦһͷǰΪѣܴﵽĵزҺΪˣ
ΪࣿĿһʦΪΣƽʱģôʶģУʶʦܰæ𣿡
һ⣬ҡͷСףʵ̫ˣʶڲɩ类ˣΪֱˬãģʶţħսɡ
ԣ˷һЦϽС뿪¸ţ˵˵ǡ
һߣ԰۽΢飬轫԰ߣձִ³ͷ԰ڵһꡣ
ڵز˷ʱ䣬ҪӳЦţƵģºǵ˵ģһ뷨Ψ̽ˡ
ѵģҲŸո˲㣬ǵȴˣࡣǵӺܲʣе
ͻȻ䣬һǽƺɣ͵ѵǽɡȻȥԡ
˿ƽĿűԣ룬ʮ㣬ڣš
̤ɾ꣬ʣӶϣվͬڵһˣһУշתͷȥŷʮ㣬дǿƶ
ûʣǳչأռǹִɵΪ˼ѣٵѷǰŵٵϹơ֡
һ֧ߵ񣬵ȻҪģС
һʱӦһĿ⣬תͷȥһ̨ϣϹɫư˫У¶ɱ⣬У΢֮ﴫ
ҵ㣡
Ŀһ䣬ᡣ
֮䣬ѵ֮أԣһս⣬Ϲڵͬڵţһˣ˭˭
ǰ֮£ЦϹףкθ롣
̨̤ʱ豾Ŀģһǿƺɨڵӣսڽ룬˿Ϲ׶Ȼǻɻ֮䡣
ȷʵʱϹüͷ΢壬ʶӵʵȻֹ߲㣬˲ҲɨֳԤ롣
ȫʵ𣿵ӣȻֳѵأʱ䣬Ҳ߲㡭
Խ룬ϹԽеԺټ٣ټ棬һᣬҲãҲãûʮԲ֮ûУ
ãɵĵڱԽһһӶҰʱ˾Ϊ֮һһʱ䣬㳡ϼž쳣
޴̨ϣƽ߳ɫݣ̨ӣħսս֮أ·
˻һ㳡Ȼ֮첻ڵҲɫ΢䣬κ˶û뵽Ƶħսڣ·
ɫɣĿȴɨԶɽȡ
һӣʣӣº󡣡
֮ɻ죬һ̣㳡¡֮ȲʣɫĿ⿺ܣ
½սһ죬֮ƽһܺͣ


080 ս
ĽݺȽͽۼħս֮һһ
ħսأҲĽݺѵ
˻һſɫ΢䣬Ψüͷ΢壬Ľݺֵſ־裬褣ǽս󣬾ȡ֮ɱ֮ɱ֮ܣ뿪
ɱ
ſ˵һĽݺɫ֣صͷ
Ľݺ֪̾ɱ¾Լ⼸ӶԣЩһսЩӲɱջ̤룬ˣǰԤһ
º󣬸ɴӽ룬Ǽסʮ֮ڣص֮ʱһԸҪǡĽݺٴνſΪʦ֣ʦܼˣ㶨Ҫؿá
ſصͷĿɨ輸ˣ˴ļ䣬ӦӦΣ٣ͻ㡣
ݣҵȽսȥʦ壬ǻ֪ʼĩĽݺֵ˿ǣɻ󣬵ʱˣǻ֪£ɣȥ׼ɡ
Ӧŵ뿪
ĽݺĿżӣɫΪأͽǣϹ꣬ħսڱصãҴսһȻȡ˺֣֣Ҳ£ܾ֮ܿš
ҪȽ룬Ϲǳ֣벢Σأһ
ɳɣ֮·Ϳǵһѣ̤ˣգΪʦܰģΨˣ

صСݣڴϣ˼ǰ֮
սȡһȡ£´ӽ룬ԼˣҪʮڣصԭԭȻǽ֮ء
ֻǣصԭȺͷ⽻
ͻȻ䣬ĿһΨһͷӣ
ͷһٴ˼
ͷѾѣħսУǺܻܿзսͷһӣֻΪҪӣѵħսкξ֮ǡ
һʱ䣬࣬̾һħսؽɣٶ࣬ѸģΨеģֻм¡
ţʶУӵ֮һһЩõģǷ֮
Ѫʯ鵤
úٴڴϣԼʵٴһ鸿սУȻҪ⣬ʱԲ֮Ԫ֮Ҳõ
Ǳ·
ϹףͷԣټɵǧӣħսԼսлᣬҪսֻΪŵӣȻأˣֻġ
֮⣬ɵҲ⡣
ͷǱߣܿסɣҸáĿ¶⣬ֲԼȭִҪʮһ뿪
ͷطϣϹһս֮ϡ
ж˲࣬ÿһؼ¶顣ĽݺʼգδĬĬػš
˿ִ󣬾ͱļ䣬ĽݺΪˣӲް֮£ƴ֣ʵ˼ܡ
дʶСС
СУΨϵŻ֮꣬һֱδѻɽ
ΣɨƲ㣬룬Ƭ̣ĿǾۻʯϣҡҡͷϥ֮¡
ʱ䣬Ҫ״̬ѣħսгӲս
˿̣ԴһƬԸɵĵӣ߶˴˽̸ȥħս˷쳣⡣
ģǳԡ
һɨǧټʮʤڼٵУΪͬڵӵһ
һΪ㣬ʵͬ˴ӲʣԼڵӵĲм
֣ǵյưɣܿɣкμɵġ
߿ˣֻܻӶѣǷֻҪܿˣǵΪ׾١
лᣬҵһ
ЩмŲʮΪĶࡣ

ĬȻһ峿·ɽ֮ϣͷӿɽܱΧˮйͨɫſ뾴⣬Ŀ⾡ɽ֮¡
·ǰƽ̾վɣĽݺź裬ԸɵԼΪĪߡ
⼸ɫݣϷǧĽĿ⣬δţͬɫưޱȣرǸӦϷĽĿ⣬ǸЦ
ɵӱԣܽǰҲܳĵӣӵд
ӣվǰģΨһˣһ£ɫĮͬϷĿ⣬޶á
վ֮º󷽼вҲҳǽվڵһλսܳߡ
ʮʤ
ǿϹףҲֻܽ
ʱɿɫЦĽʦ֣ʱѵɿˡ
ԣĽݺ΢΢ͷһСӳ֣СӽâŹŹķġ
Ľݺɫ䣬Ĭ˦Сӣת˲䣬ŵŷٴ֮ʱ··ڡ
ͬʱһɫâĻȻ֣˹âͬƴޱȣռ·֮ڣĽݺɫԴأ̾һ̤롣
̤ӰʧɼĿ΢ɨʧСӣ˵롣
һ󣬺󷽼ٵ¶Цݣǹؾ룬ã˾󣬹âʧԭء
ɽ֮ϣǧΧ۵Ľѣ˴尾
ħս´οº󣡡


081 ս
һ֮ǻ΢Ӧǰ׹һȷۿȥʱ˿֮أһƬɫ硣
Ϊ֮ɫɽͬΪ֮ɫؾˡ
һ΢ȣ׿ȥվԭأΨһͬģɫĿ˸
ħսһ㣡
֮һΰʱĹŽأ䣬һĪѹǻ
˳Ĭ֮ʱĽݺǹڣҲȥ֮أԻħ֮˹ţȥٿ⣬ʣʱ䣬һ󣡡
һ
ԣĿ΢Ľݺ֮˴룬⹬ºٿһΣ´ٿҪһ꣬һҲڴ˵ռ֮ʱ
ºڵɫԴ˷ܣĿĹˣ֮һžӨС⣬ɫһ䡣
Ҷݣ˲ƾ鵤ҩҶ֮ҶҲһ
սͿݣһ⽫ջ٣һʱ䣬ڵĿ⾼񣬺޲ü뿪ռݡ
Ľʦ֣һȡЩӰɣѰڶ㹬ɵڳϿе֪ħսڶͬǹ򿪵ӣħӡ
Ҳ˵ħӲսԿףͬҲһġ
Զħӣڱصãڵڶ㽫ϹõħӺħսԴʱڳҲ壬ߣƷɵߡ
פڰ꣬ǸںˣӵиҰġ
Ľݺɨɣ߰ɣ䣬뿪֮󣬼Żһۣȥ
ڷа׺Ľݺ׿ۺ󷽣ӿǻοЦݡ
ڼ뿪󣬹֮ǰ΢ţƬ̣˽Ŀ¶̰֮⣬˴˻һۣżɵɣ뿪
ɱ죬ʱ˵ԸҲ᲻ϱ仯Ӧյĺѣʦ֣ڹͬĿΨһϣһнԿס
עصģΨгⳤΨһ̣ʵ
ڵ½½뿪һЩϤĵӣһ;һЩİĵӣΪ棬˴˺
Ŀ΢һ뿪ɨĿſϣ΢΢һЦʱʶӦĿɨ׿ȥɫ䡣
ԶϹ׵ֱЦһһ뿪ĵӣ޶ԣĿһֱ裬Уɱ˴ӣռ鱦һУټ⼸ղ˼տ϶ԵĿġ
ս
ԴӵӣΪȻһţˣҲͬڶ֡Ϲư֮֮
ǸԼУԼʵ࣬һֱصȫ
Ŀ¶⣬ɢŨŨս⣬¡
ң
ӦⷬԢŨŨս⣬ϹЦһΣϥ䣬ɾģ״̬Ŀģǽһս
֪ԼɱУ˼䣬Ȼһ䣬⡣
Ƭ̣Ϲ׾͸Ӧſ뿪һ򣬰Ӳ뾪ˣȴ潻档
ţ
һߣſ˻У˼Ƭ̣ʦֿ֣С
ֿſ˽Ųͣ£ĿԴɻ
˵ͷֿУҲӴ󣬶õݵȻҲࡣ
ſԣֻ֮̾ǷֿĻΣҲһӦһ˵ò࣬ʤڰȫ
ʦܣʦǣºڹǰۼǷֿ־Ȱ
΢΢һЦҶԼʵһţºһصġ˵˻ʱɫƽУһ˿
˻һۣ̾ӣǺִܹһˣԱ
ĬƬ̣ſ֣صȻˣʦСģº󣬹ǰһۡ䣬һóֵ˷ǧɸӦΣ˷ʦֶȻ
ӹůĿĿۼˣһҧݵȥ
뿪ſԴ꣬һߣΣķȥѾΨеģף
Ŀ¶ᣬеʦ֣һнҪСġ

ʱһ·񱼣ڼʦ֣ͬǲѣǸſˣǵﲻæֻȥ
ֻϹһ
СӣȥսǼһ𣿡뻰
貢κеڲʱ
һսУսӮˣҲ˺ۣʱ˶ҳ֣Եֵ
ҪħսδҷռݣսĻ˷˻ᡣĿ΢
ֵ⵹ҲǣǼһƺڹǰ㣡
Ȳȣ
ʱϹɫΪݣ˫΢ɨ۹ܣһˣ΢΢ͷ裬ʱҲ˰ɡ
ţƬ̣оԼľЩ꣬һľٴλָǰݣĿ񣬾裡


082 Ϊǿ
Ҷݣ
ɫԴܣĿⶢŲԶǾӨСݣƾ鵤ãףȻֵʯ
ţ첽ǰʱŭ֮Сӣ
΢΢һͣ½ŲȻռˡ
ռƨƲݲֵǮħսѵһ룬Ϊⶫ˷ʱ䣿ٴŭ⣬̾СӲ˵㣬ʱͦģʱȴҪ
ԣ۽΢飬˼һƬ̣ɫһһĶͷҵˣ룬ħս֮£ͷˡ
ٺһЦâұ۷ɳᣬ汿һˣôУߣЩҪˣҴҸ߼֮
źԣһЦ붣£ǰٶȥ;Уص˵ܷҵ֮
˵ػϵأۻ֮ǲܡ

һߣµӻУ˴ɫܣȺӴ˾Ų֮䣬Ψǰ꣬Ϊ߲ͣ㣬ɫȴΪư
һưӣֽ̻ʻǴž⡣
ʦܣ˵ǰл֮𣿡һӵ
ţͷɨˣߵЩˣڸģʦ֣÷¶𣿡
˻һһӣмŭǵӵ֮ܣѹŭ𣬽СƿóЦʦܣ÷¶ȺһЩɣʣµģҵ֮ںȰɡ
΢գΣͷӹСƿٴǰУֻУ⣬ǰһֻ̽棬˳ܸӦӶ
Ϊͣ󷽼ԼҲò
ѵӵеһʸֻΪҾݣ֮һȺҪҵȻҪ߼ģ֮ȣսУӵģΨһţ̽治֪尵
ʱһɽͣ£װģɨܣֱ΢𶯺Ŀһָǰ£֮
ĻţԼ˶ʱһϲϽȥռˡ
һʲôҲ޷ǻ֮Ψҿҵˣ·ҲԷ
ԣ΢ͷѹǹɼ꣬ſƵɽ£;УΪ˲ɻӶһȦ
ʱɽǰ£ֻǸվӣϷһ£һ£Ŀİߵɽǰһ˦ʱ±䣬ڲʯº±¶һͨ쾧Ө顣
һ¶ǵӲδȣһȭ飬Ļ֮պãһк귽Żɨۣɫ糣Ƭ̣ʧԭء
ʼգɴ䣬ͻ֪㡣
Զɳʹ֮䣬ȷӦ첽ȥɽǰ
ɶһ̫ȱˡ
ǰһߣպˣҲ
ģǾһٿ㣬ǵӸŪ
˴ֿűȾݻĻ֮ʧǼΪŭͻأģĿⶢſ塣
ʦܣ㲻˵㿴ĽʲôΨҵԾ·ġһŭ
ɻǻ𣿡
۽΢飬˵ģ˵ֿ죬δӦ˱Լ췢Ϊ̫ܡ
ǴɵģˣȻңˡţֵħս˽Կҵ߼ģĪ
䣬һ˦䣬뿪˻һۣΣҧ׷ȥУʦұȴһֻ֣˶ѣ´ΣȻջ
ʦܣֻҼ˸ƣëҲûõıѣҪ֪ռͼݵĻضˡ
Ҳ֪ˣǸ⣬´ζȻض顣̾ԼΪҵҲûʵռҲȥ⼸ˣҪġ
ŴɽٴѰɼּͼĲҪҪң߼ģ

˿УɫΪϲãǰǴ֮ԱСУСУɫ
ϵʯܾãֻɼ꣬ȥ⣬⾫ʯȫһ׻Ҳˡ
˿ӵл֮ŻҺܻܿҲɫϾ֮֮ࡣ
֪ζ𣿡ϲã谵ԲµʱеСӣˮˣֻ֮ͼĻϵʯѣк˷ܵġ
ԣ۽΢飬۸ߵ룬ԡ
֮ʱ뻰ٴδСӣˣǰдƬͼʯǧǧ
ͼʯǧпһصӣ˿ҲЩԳ
ͼʯʯ˵ãֲҲ벻˵Ͻ֮أһרŷУɽٿͼʯѹΪһмʯ
мʯ֮Ч貢ֻ֪ã
ȥ輱ٵ


083 ʯ
ٴδжݳһǰһˮ̶̶֮ˮΪ֮ɫҽѪҺˮ̶Ϸðȵˮ̶Ϸ֮ģ
˽ɫأˮ̶¶ȼߣǵˮ̶УҲһ
ʱ뻰ﴫ
Сӣˮ̶ǵظ֮ˮټϳѬգ¶ȱ˿ã𵱳΢һϵԣˮ̶Ҳɶһ㡣
Ԫ֮ˮ̶¶ȶް
΢΢ͷʵʯģ
ǿʯûʯͷ㸲ǻңУѰԷʯڣͼʯ
˳ָȥǰһʯʯ׸ߣһ֮أˮ̶ԵĿ΢ˮ̶ԵȥƬ̣ڴʯ֮ǰͣ£һ˦ʯͷͨ䣬һ䣬¶߾Өˮʯ顣
ʯĿһϵƿ֮ʩʱʯֳѣƬһһ䣬ģһ覵ʯ
ʯ֮ƾǧˡ
ţеͺȣѣ
˻һʯ·ĻȻһУպøʯȴСһ֮£ʯۿɼٶȣ³
ʱʶһ׿ȥһٻӰƮ䣬Ůۺ칬װʮ˾֮䣬κ죬͸һഺõϢ
ر˫֮䣬ˮ˸Ҽ
ʮ֮Ůͣ£ĿʯСӣǾȣɫٴһ䡣
֮׹رǱʮʤս⣬ڽ˽½̸ʱҲ˵ԴĽ
ʦ֣ŮƬ̣üͷ΢壬δᡣ
ǰͣ£Ů³ʯ𣬰ʯ˴ȡҩͻпܣֻʯʦַ֮
ţŮ΢죬ʦ֣ʯܷȡЩ𣿴Ҫ࣬پͺá˵ţüͷСڣֵһپͺˣֻƿ鵤ͻư˲Ϊ
ԣĿ˸̾Ůĺܿɰˣ˿ԴҲľܾҪŮԼСʦá
ͬǿɰͬǳˡ
΢΢ͷɨǰʯԳ룬һʯϷ䣬ƮУ΢˵Ҳм֮ࡣ
㡣赭䣬ʯ˦
ллʦ֣ŮɫһϲʯӹոΪΣСȡúĿһֱ裬ɫΪˡ
Ƭ̣Ŀʯ֮ϣ䣬ļ𣬰ʯ˵㣬Ҳͻ˲㣬Ǵġ
ţŮļԥĿת䣬ʯ棬Ľѹ£ʦ֣ȻĽ㣬̫Сˣֻô㡭
ʱ֪ȡᣬŮĿ¶ϣȷʵڱ̨Ϊӡˣ̤κνãΨʵġ
Ҫһᣬͼʯʧȥ㲻ٵá
ŮĿ¶⣬ֻ˲㣬ɼɵƬ̣ʶˮ̶ϣͻأһϲˮ̶ޱȣֻҪ̶Уɣʦ֣ңҵһΣҲһΡ
ƣǰŮɱʧ֮Цٻ⣬ʦ֣һ𣿵ʱʤʮˣþĽ
˻һŮǰͣ£üͷ΢壬ӣŮԴøУŮΪȴ䣬йɲϵͷ
ȻǶɣ΢΢ͷ
һͷŮһʶĬʱһ쫷˼𣬴쫷粻ϱ󣬿Ϯȥ
һ̾Դˣо쫷ʱһ㣬ˮ̶ȥʱŮ¶Цֿٴڴ˷һһ̴ֻƾնֱȥ
һˣٶȼޱȣĿۣĬƬ̣ǰһʯĻȻ֣˾ʯ̴ֺͬʱ
䣡
˴˱ҲΪҳ̶С
һˮŮɫΪСһƬ¶ɱ˶ᱦ֮£һֻŸоζá
ǵһΣҲһΣʦ֣нԵ౨ŮϰοԼĿʯ֮ϣǻ¶Ц⡣
һʯͻʱҪʦǹĿ࿴ţǸҵݲ衭Ů棬ܵԹ˱֮ա
ţŮǰȡʯʱˮ̶㣬ˮݷĶƬ̣һӰˮƯŵâ˺â֮£ˮ̶֮ˮҪֲ
ŮС죬зʵ֮ƵƵҡͷܣˮ̶֮±ɣ㡭
ɫĮǰÿһ£ˮԻ᷺Ƭ̣վ档
ʦ֣Ҵˣһ˿ϣ´ҲˡŮˣɫţֻȴȥ
Ȼˣһס
ֻ֮ʱǰӰ˲仯Ů󣬹Ӱͻأ赥һʮۣ֮˲䣬Ů
֮ŮӦȥͷ⣬Ի֮ʣŮ˫ۣˮв
ǰǹ̰һ̣γѣʯ跢˵Ӧ裬ܸǶͣ뾡ȡ
ǴʱڴˣֻΣ̾Ľݺռ֮ʱʣɱ֮ɱ֮
룬ڴˣĺܿŮһԼһˣΨͬģʵ֮
Ůûй
ԼͬûдģǶŮʼնøСһøУȴҪֶɱ֡
һ䣬һһ̣ǰõʯϲã֪ʧ֮һɳء
ʯռ軺뿪߼Ȼ䣬Ŀһ
УӰƮΪһһɱ⣬еʦʯɱʦã
ҪʯαЩûʵĽڡֳЦ⼸ΧֻǱŮһѣǷΪŮʦ֣費ǡ
ǰĲĻȻͣ£ֱˣʱ΢أ䣬һɱ⡣


084 Ų㲻
Ʈ䣬ŮһǵȻ֮ƣΪҲ˲㣬ΪӣžŲԲ֮
裬ʦԴ࣬㾹Ϊʯ֮ɱΪˡվǰһ꣬ɭŭ⣬žŲԲΪ裬֣ɵ
ǿҲǰ˲ɨѣԼ⼸УҲǰ˲㾳磬Ųˡ
¶Ц⼸һֱԶȻָŮռʵʩᣬԣŮǲ硣
˱˴˻һֵۣҵȻһȫʬսĺǣҵҲҪΪʦñ𡣡
϶Ŀһֱ财˵Ӵгȥʯ⣬Ȼмֵ֮н
ʶһɨҪʯֱ˵ŲԲûʮΪʸ񡣡䣬һ죬ϵۣƬ̣һ޴ֱĻȻ֣һɨ
һɨ޴ľ۶ϣԴɵŸ򣬱˴Ծͬʱг˲ΪԣֻҪܿɡ
ܹ֣ΪЦŲ̤ǰʱһ£֪ʱУв󣬵һְֻ㣬ץס˫ţֱȥ
оڴжţòˣûоʵϳҪ֪ǵӺʱͷųġ
ţٻۣ߲֮ѡ
ֻƬɫΪأκľ˵ص֮㣬ţҪ³ٶȴϼӿ졣
ⲻܡžȣٻ׿ˣʣУΪԶ£ˣʧȻѱصס
һ̣ͷ亹¡
һĮž޴ֱۣǰʮʶʮͬʱʩչԣǼ򵥣ɱŲ㼸ˣҲ練ƣ˵ͬΪʮ֮ھֻҪһ鸿ɱ
Ƭ̣ǰ޴ұڿ¶Ц֮磬ֻһĶ䡣
һģ𺳣Զˮ̶֮ˮԳ
Σ䶨ػָƽ̹ǰˣ֮£ָֻۿʣŮӡ
˿̣ŮзˣĿ⿴ľսŲԲˣֻǼϢ֮䣬ȫû
˽жǿԽɱ
Ůӻһۣٶ˵뿪δᣬУռ鱦Ҫ̣˴Ŷᱦ˼Ψг˺֡
һߣŮڷвʱǰ֮ʮӰƮ
ϼʦãʱ˾ţ㲻׿ʦһ𣿡Ϊһ
Ůٶͣ£Կʣжʱɬޱȣһָ󷽵׿ʦǶˣںɽ䣬ʮʤ
˻һʮɫأȸӦ˴ΪҲЦ
ϼʦã׿ʦģѵӲ𣿲˵ǵ߲㣬ֻҪܹɣûʲô˵ģǵӦõõʲôɡһʵ
Ůԣ̾ҡͷΣӵʯǧ׿ʦ֡ˣ뿪
䣬ŮӴҴææ뿪ʯ˵ǼʮΣǲᣬǵӣˣͻһɷǰ㣬޲Զ롣
Ǽʮ̰Ļջ򣬱ϾʮŲĴ룬ʮ֮ȴһˣɶŲ㾳磬練Ƶġ
ȻʮӻһۣĿ̰˴˰룺׿ʦֶȻǴҵ˶࣬ʯҲ׾٣ǧʯʮ˷Ҳа١
ţʮɫţŮָɽٷȥ
˿ɫĮͻȻĿһ̧׿߿գǰʮԿٷʱվϷ
ΣδȥʶһɨȥϷ˵˶࣬ǾŲ㷶ΧˣҲġ
ռݣȻ˿С֮ӿҲ˷ʱ䣬ţʵѹһ¡
ʱϷʮУʮƮȻ£ʣʮˣֱһŵĿ·
Ŀ¶ǰͬʱ˫ֲϴӡƬ̣ʮ˸ո£¾΢𺳣Ŵӿѣһ۳֡
һϱƻֺ꣬˲䣬ռذɣ֮ʮ˸ոշӦͲϱصףٶȣޱȡ
һʮɫ䣬ͬʱͷŷ棬Щתٶȣ˿衣
һᶯϢ֮䣬һ֣ǿ֮˿̣Ϸʮɫʧ֮ĿɿڴֱƣҲָŴ
Цʮˣ;Уֿٱ󣬶Ͽʮˣ᳤һɨһɨʮ΢΢һǰ˿پۼֻⷨճֺɨ˴һɨɡ
뵱ΰ˲Բķħ֣˻û֮࿹Щͨкá
ֲδֹͣм伸ӣֱ棬һ̣ȴץһˣ˾ʧ֮£ֱִȥ
䣡
һģٴֳѣյһƬǽ塣
ٴ䶨󣬴ɺ¡תһˣԶӺ󣬹˲ƣžĪ˼ն;ͷҲһ
˿̵֪ǰŮӣΪξʧ߶ӣĽǿĪ˸أʮ
һӣɶûã̬ǿᣬʮ㲻֪ܷԾŲ㣬Ȼ
ɨۿյأһд𣬽Щװúɫ΢䣬ʶУһǿϢֱ˴
Ϲףüͷ΢壬һ㣬ȥ
ʱϹɫڹǰݵ죬մݲŭ졣
ͷ꣬ϹҲǱųȺ򣬿ɴʱ˿̣ڱս
ܶսҲϹ򣬰ӱҲսȻţǷʵһսһȫ
ʱٴУϹףǱܶսϾȡ֮ء
ԣϹףţ


085 Ϯ
磬ûˣҲĸȱµġ
壬ʮÿζһҼ˸㣬ëҲδõһɽ䣬һӴмΪŭ
ͼҪҪ߼ռ֮࣬ضˣ£Ҳˡ
ʱͷǰưкǱȷʵʮƾ̣̽ڴɽ֮䣬ÿΣһģʲôҲûõ
仰˵ռݣ֮ģʱѶѵˡ
Ҫÿμҵ߼֮ῴǱӰȻҲӰǱӰռٶȸɴ䣬һռߣµģҲ˺ƣһ˿ݣ
ŭ䣬һ˵ǣʱһӰ΢΢һȿǱӰüͷ𣬴ȵʦ֣ǵӣÿζһ
˻һӽ̧׿ȥȿߵıӰ󣬱˴ӡΪǵһҧȵ׷
Ƭ̣׷󷽣ЦѣǵӣδˣǱӰȴϤԴˣ֮ǡ

һߣɽ£ɫ糣һһ˶ֵغɫ
ϡ˺ɫʵʵ磬ɵҩܼǿʶɼֵƣ˹Ҳȱݣһժ䣬УȻоʿժ˹ʱҲԷڻ
ֻⷨ費ᣬ𣬲𣬹ʵɻỺڻֻʱԳѡ
ȻҲԹʵСûκηӦʵǵû棬ڻٶȸΪĿ죬ԴˣЩᣬͬʱҲһϲá

СŨŨĺɫһϣͬʮ꣬תͬģһɫ
֪˿̻УҪЧΨм֮
СӣԪҲ˷ѣˡٺЦֵҲҳұۼɡ
΢΢һЦժʵұۣԼҲժ伸У˹ڼɿڣ伸źоʶ仯仯ԡ
Դˣ費ΪȻҲ˷ѣΪá
룬ҩģռȫˣ
ȫ⼸ռݣƼƿ㹻ˡŭ
ԣ΢΢ͷʱʶ̧׿ȥмʮӰƮƬ̣Χˮйͨ
ǵӣ֮ֵơĿһݺָ裬ԣȥǰǼ⣬Ǳһ·ߺȶģܹڰ١
ֻһָڵɫ΢䣬еĵŭĿɣ䣬֮⡣
˭ԺС
ʮƬռע⣬ģһˣŲĵԽ࣬Ҳ˶
ڵۣԴˣŲ㣬ֵһᡣ
󣬱˵ɱ˶ᱦ֮ģˣ·У´ɱ˶ᱦ
ʮĵӣڵʱҲǴˡ
ʦܣѲΪҵ˶࣬Ϳɱ𣿡һյһֵ˶ûãҿʮŲӣһȫû
ԣзǵӣֻǵıӰȴ˿֪ɬʵ˽ʲô
衣յֱԵ
۽΢飬ҺϤƬ򲻿ǵĵ֮һ˴Ӳ֮ôű֮ġ
ʮԲΪ
ԲΪдڣƬܻˡкǿɬ뵽ȥʱ¸߼֮类ѹһˡ
ɫ䣬˷Ӧ⣬򲻶ռʱʹⷬ˼Ͼ̫ڵ͵Ļ̰һɱһˣûٸҾˡ
뿪ͻȻ䣬ɫ䣬Ŀ˼һɨһͨϣ˿ӦĿ⣬΢΢һЦ˼仺߳
һߣĿһƬ̣һ͸Ƥ״֮ʱݷ仯һ仯裬ˣɫһ䡣
˴ΨͷϹף
裬ҿӣϹɫһһѽɫСͻأɳʶ䣬Сڿת˲䣬ֱ
һ֣ɱУ
ɫأ²ưϹףΪ׷Լˮ䣬ʱֱһһƴʯεض
ʯӿٶȺܿ죬Сɲ㣬ڸոСٶȹᴩ㣬Ӳ˺ƵƵ
ʱһʯ㣬ӿϷȥܼյʯСɽ㣬𣬳׳ۡ
Ҳ˶ѣСңʯİ𣬽΢ͣٶѡ
ϹЦһһ£ɫɽƹʯȥڴ˽𻷽ϹоţֻҪˣ¶ݵ뿪һ׷ᡣ
һʱ䣬ڵ¶ĿڴһЩ뱻ĵӣҲͣ½Ų
һʮʤӡ裬һˣʮԲϹס
ʱӦص׷һҧٴжݳһģٷϣһģţּ䣬ͬ׼
ԼϤΪأʱϹն𣬵ãڵȴǾˣʩʱȴ½ɫɽ׷ᣬҲûʱġ
һ㣬âϹֱ˶ȥּ䣬ϵۣһֻƴĻȻγɣھϹʮ֮ʱ۾ӳ
ƿ𣬾޴ֱ۴֮ƣֱϹס
ϹԵӼ׷뿪һɽĿɵĿ·˴˰


086 鸿
ںھ޴ֱۣϹĮһЦƵƵ䷨֮£һԲλӰĻǰ
˹Ļճ޴ֱۺȻײڹĻֱ֮ǰ£ͻޱֽǹĻһŻκƴ󣬳֮ͣĻ󣬾Իҽ
ɫΪ䣬˲֣ȴڵͼʿž޴ͬҲвЧǸߣȴⲻ㣬Ͼǻû֮ѡ
ھ޴ֱ۲СʱϹ׾ҲԽԽ󣬽ɫСͬüΣֻһ㣬ٶٴϹǰһ˦
ʱһ׹˸ΪۣϹɫһ䣬УÿξԳͷŷҲǲ
Ƭֱ̣ʶһƬհףͻ㣬հƺܿ죬˲Ϣ䣬ҲͷӦٿǰӰʧ
һʧޱȣٷ֮Ч
ͬʱϹǰâ˸ɫɽϮɫĻʺǰͣ£һͣһѪ䲱Ȼ¡
̾ǰϹʶݿհףŽɫɽԳƣΪˣ²ܻɱϹףҲˡ
˭֪ǵ͹Ϲʶ֮ǿؼ֮ʻѹ
һ̾貢Ϊͣٴһ㣬ٳϹǰһ׷ɳ˷ڿ˲仯һˮͰֵɫ磬Ϣֱ¡
Ϲھ֮Уǰһģ֣֮Լɽ֮ϣ˿ϮոշӦû
¡֮ɽ䴫һĻԶ׷׾ޱȣٿ·裬ĿмɵԽԽŨڿ壬˿һ£Ϊ˹ǿˣ˭֪ǵ͹Ƶһˣһ壬
žԶҲԽԽǰս
ɫأʶһֱϷϹΪƵһΪȻ˵ãϹȴδأ׷ʵ˺
ټϼɵɫСҲԶһ֮£ϷɢϹӰ¶һѪ£ǣĿͨѪƽ
һавϹ׵侲ϡ
ʵٴˣҲе⡣ϹǱĿݿ裬һУɫСؼ䣬˫ַƵƵ
֮ɫСһΪΪģ˲䣬Ϲ֮أǧСתһָеͺȣ򽣴ġ
һָ֮£ǧСɫâϮȥâռɽ䡣
üͷ΢壬ӼٺˣĿɨȥǰâ֮ʱ۾ʯԱᴩһᴩף´أˡ
貢δţ֪ĿǰΪɱܣ˫ַƵƵͳ֮£֫â˸һٳ֣˲䣬
һһɿֲϢͻѹõĻɽ㣬һϢΧ۵ӣɫ䣬ͼɵ֮ģΪŨأϹüͷ壬ǹɱ⣬Ϊǿҡ
˲Բ
˲ϹȻҽսΪ˲㡭뵱ڤɽ֮ʱҲĲ̶̼֮꣬ΪͻͽͬڵӣңңվԼ档
ҪΪǹ죬߲ӵоŲ֮˲㣬Σ
ɫأ˵ĽŲҲͣ£޷ǿʵ˭֮УȫΪ۷壬Ҳǵһ۷˽ս
֪ΪΣкš
һȣ΢𺳣Ƭ̣Ϊģؿٹѣһն֮ʲ£ֱϹϮȥ
ԶԶȥǧʯɳƻֺ꣡
ֻǧâײʱ飬֮ɲΪڣֱ˶ȥ
ͬʱǧâɫ糣˫һĵ棬ʱں֮䣬վ֮һ仨ӵص𣬿ٽڡ
˻޴ޱȣȫɣڻ֮ϣۿɼ˿˿ˮ㣬߲ͣ
һû˵֮ܣȻʱݣֻԴһ˿ѣһϢûΪȣ̡
ǧâ֮첻ͻ㣬һֱĽâһ伣
һߣϹĿɨǻоۼǧϮһһСͷƬ̣˻һ۹â
ײϣẉ̂ڻͻ˹âؼ㣬κײϣǷɶ˻
׳һĻá
ʱɽ佥âƽʧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬˴˿ɽǱһĻмΪȣߣ˽սǾֱӴУ¶ɫ
һУ֮ӵͬڵһʵٴһͬڣһǧӣռƵǰʮ֮λ
ǰʮſɺɨǧ
ɽ䣬ž쳣һ΢紵Ϸ۹âգϹֳ˿̵ɫưͷ֮С
ͬʱ·ɽ䣬Ļ΢ҡΣƬ̣ŷţڼ仨УӰֱֳɫݡ
̧׿ȥĿϹԣ˴ԴĪЦ⡣
һν棬൱
ʱ¼ˣ˴ɫưɨɽ󣬱˴Ŀ¶һĿĹˣ
üͷ΢壬ˣϤǵܹ⽻սꡪ¡
֮ǹ֪̽ԶԪɣΪƵǰʮ֮һֻ´߳費֪ǵѣ룬ӦδԼ
ţɨˣٴһ⼸һʮ֮˸ǴԲ֮
ڴϣɫΪɵսϹһˣѷ⼸Ϲ֣ԼΨгˣ⼸˲Ϲһ֮սҲѹ
ϾϹ׽սȻ˺ۣ⼸͵ϮȸںĻ
Σ農˶
һߣϹĿ˸һ㣬⼸֮ѣ֮սҪˣ²ǣһս⼸͵ϮҲ롭
Ͼһˣţͬʱսˣ֪
ʦܣҵ㣬ֻһҪ󡣡


087 
Ŀ΢ڿ߽ʱ޺˼
ӦĽµȻһЦתˣ΢΢ͷһǰеʦӵ֮ܣҺһΣ
ԣ貢
¼ٴһЦʶʦܣ֪зԪҺҴ㵽ͷ֮̽ҵȼƽ֡
ɫ䣬Ȳ¶Ҳ¶Ȥ֮ɫԪͷһֻƬ̣뽹ĻҲǴ
СӣӦΣ˹õ
Ӧ뻰֮УΣµԿǣ֪ģǿޣУȥ֮⣬˭ҲǺ֮ˣ
˵֮ʱͬѯ룬Ƭ̣ɫ΢仯
ԪĴ֮ɣӿҪ֮ʣÿνöʵ󣬴ήǧٴηѿһ֮ΪԪԪ
ѭڴ󣬿ɲӤԪ˹ԪӤʿʳһ֮Ϊ
ԪΪʿʳΪһ¥ֻǴ˹ʳЧ룬ʿ񣬽Сá
ܵ˵ؼ亱֮ħսȫϡ
֪Ԫ֮ЧĿ¶⣬ʱ¿еǿȷУˣȥһ̽⣬ʣ˰ңʮ֮롭ʵ
һ仰Ŀ΢룬߲㣬Ϊ£¾ܾȥҲǿдߣǼϹ׽뷨ˣþޱȣǿУҲΪ롣
Ƶӵһȫʢ֮ʱҲǶ֡
Σͷԣ;֮Ҫƽ֡
µЦͷһһܣ⼸˳ȥһп⣬һǸɽܳӣǿ壬ְͬ̽顣
֪⼸˺΢ͷһͷǼҲ΢΢һЦ裬ǱǴν֮ģ˵غ󣬷ŷˣԽսȫ
ԣرҵԪ
뷨ͬˣԼ⼸ˣȥǿ⣬ྡҪ
˽̸һ»׿ȥĿϹףϹʦ֣ʦҵԼ֪ᣬɷѺ󣿡
ＫΪƽ֮⣬ȴвɾܾ֮
˻һ˽ǵЦһһһϹ׶֣ʮ㾳磬ټ裬Ǻš
ΪͬһĿģվҲ岻ݴǡ
ϹɫΪɨ·ˣһȥǰľƣһ壬ûš
ֻתһ̣Ѫٴǰ׷˲ᣬټǿҲ
ˣиǾ뵱ڤɽν棬ʤҲǿ֮ȥٴν棬͵͵Ҳ˿·硣
˵ƣǰ֮С
㣬ϹװյͬʱҲɵɳ˵زٷȥ
ʵ൱һӵзϹ׽Ųȷɽٲʣ˿̵Ҫˣڹ֮衣
ģʱº㣬Դ϶
ϹȥĿâ˸ֲԼȭϹףһֱţΪƴϣǰСɵ
иУСѳ룬УɱϹףҲƴ˺ۣ˵Ļܾ֮С
رսһƬңӽ
˱˴˽̸Ƭ̣Ϊףĳһȥ;УҲ¿е֪Ϊ˿϶Ԫ
϶Ի
Ŀ΢ڴӡ̣Ǵ׷٣ҵԼ
ǷϳԼӶԪΪջΪܣϾʿҲˣƾµΪѡ
;УҲ˵ҵԪ󣬲ȥҲ֪Σȴ֪Ԫ巽λԲѰ̽ĵӡ
֮ԣ˼տ϶ԪӦʵǷƽ֣ȴӹɣ;Σ²δ˵ȻҲè塣
ʱɽƮڿеĵӣԶʧıӰ˴꣬رǼϹת֮ʣѪǴӵ
̨ʮʤߣ߲㣬ʵɲ⣬ͬڵӵһˣǧǰʮ֮С
޾ԳԽϹ׵Ϊ˲ǡ
֮ڴ˴


088 ɽȺ
м죬ɽǰһðź̵Ļɽɽ죬ɫڵ
ĻȻ½֮Ҳŵζ
»ɨۼˣ΢΢ͷи߶Ƚ䣬Ųɽȥ˼˴ٶ档
ɨۺڳɫɾıڶ֮
ʱǰһưɽɽƣ༸Ⱥɽ֮ڴˡ
ɫأһָǻɽɣڴ˻ɽ֮ڡ䣬׳·ȥֵ
˻һۣȥ
ʱ˸ķΪߣ´»ɽȥ;У²ʱѣ˴ɽȺǿ࣬߼ȴ졣
ԣɫ¶С¶ȥ󷽣Ŀ΢ɨĴ֣ΣҲǻ档
¿е֪߽ǻɽ·ÿ·ǿޣЩʵʿΨȫҲǾɽġ
ˣ
߼ʱͻأĿǰһָ˳ָȥ˴˵ͷɫԴܡ
ǰΪɽ֮ţڰɫұ£һ׸߾޶೤Ŵεݣ򶴿ڿȥϡɼ֮ĦۼȻ˶Ϊ޳Ѩ
ڰ֮ͣ£Ŀȣͳ˶ͨɽڲ֮ΪϬϬΪǿԣҲֺãɱϬƾҵΪܡ
˶٣ɨۼˣֵҪģϬϢ֮ڳ붴С
ϸϸĥ֮ԣƬ̣һյӵϬн붴Уʦα֤Ϭ׷롣
ʦ˵Ķԣ붴УϬ׷ᣬҵȷ·ȫޣһֵ
ԣһЦӹɣһ˽룬ǲ׶ҸҪˡ
ԣٴ˼ձ˴˵ͷ
˵ͷĿ⿴ɽеԻϬٶ۷Ӧܼ򵥣һڶǰߺȣȻʩϢ֮ڣ붴С
ȫ֮
ţ˵Сյ΢΢ͷɨԼˣλѣһ֮ʣ֡
䣬һӣͺȵ壬Ϊߺ
з࣬ԥƬ̣һ򶴿ȥھ붴ʮ֮ʱĿ΢һģһС֣Ĭ䣬С򶴿ڣ˿
ͬʱСӭ֮âڶ֮ϣʱʯ䣬ɼžޱȡ
˼˴ŭÿϬȴڶڷűҪ˺¡űԶޡ
Ͳǰ󺰼䡣յŭȥڷŷ㡣
һŭݣɬһЦθǰʱĿ΢ԴصУо촫Ƭ̣ɫصϬˡ
˻һԴɻ¸ʵʱԶƬ̣ɽڲ¡¡֮ŴҲԴ𺳡
ĻȻ䣬һֻ޳ڶڣ״ţͷǣͨ˫ͫűŰڿ׼˺󣬻Ϭŭһ񱼣¡¡ֱ
˾ǣϬڱ֮ʱĳϢ
˻һۣɫأڻϬʮʱյһһںӷɳڿлû˲仯νϬס
Ϊ˾٣յһԥֱɽȥнѣԼֻܽһϢ֮䣬˿Ӳ֣ԼΣ
˻һһվзƵƵ˲䣬ڻϬ¹ٳٳɳٶȼ죬Ƭ̹ѽϬɨۻϬһԥҲŶڱȥ
ĿۣŻϬϲ֮˿Լˣɽٱȥڱͬʱ˫ƵƵ
ͬʱڻϬ𣬴һϬ㣬ٴαơ
ɫ΢䣬ԥƬ̣һᦳһҡ˲䣬ɳʯϬڸǣ˾٣һɽٶȥ
УȲѣΪ¿ǵˣһٲƻϬϢ֮ʣҲ˵ʣ֮ˣǶࡣ
ʣ༸ˣ˴˸ʩ䷨䣬ͬʱɽȥһΪ壬ԥãֱɽȥ
ֻһԥϬϳ޿һţһֱ˲䣬ɽΧ¶ȼճɽУ׸ǣżҲǵ¡
һ£˶˵ɽټͬʱŶڣǵض
ʦ֣㲻˵Ϭ׷𣿡յǰͷ˿ŭ
ٶɲ䣬еͳֱɣϬԵͣ¡
󣬴ʱüͷţǰһɽʶɨȥŷɽ֮ڣ¶ȼߣ¼ףҽ
ˣ֮ڴ˵أһá


089 
Ҳ֪˶ã¡֮˱˴һĿҲԴ壬̸󣬼ǰС
ǰռĻȻ󣬼ʮܣЩеޱȣеͨƻĿ΢ʦܣʣµĿˡ
˻һʣ༸˽ǿ裬ɨܣ΢΢ͷͬʱĬʣƬ̣뻰ﴫ
󷽵ΪŨڵ嶴ϴΣ˴ι죬ϵӦҽĲСӣСЩݲá
ԣɫΪе
˼ͷΣָȥʣ༸ˣĿͬʱ裬赭Цһ⼸˲Լ˫磬¶ߡ
˱˴˻һۣȥֻ˾뱣ּףָ
˴ļ˵ѽɽڲҪɵģǻɽĪΣͬ䣬ͬˡ
Ƭ̣һ̤룬ֻ˾ǣ˶ǰޱȣΪڶ֮ɼſű
һĻ˼ע⣬ǽŲδͣ£ʱڶھͷһտ飬˱Ҳȥ·赲
ͣ£ɨӣµһ񲢷Ǵ˶룬ѵ˴Ψʦܣ齫ơ
һ˵ͷӦУüͷ΢壬Щףرڻɽڲ亮ޱȵı˿飬һᣬҲûԡ
΢΢ͷ˺󼸲һſһ£ɫֱ˶ȥʱ֮ۿɼٶȣڻ
ȵڻһ˸ʱһ˽ȥһߣһ㣬󷽣農վѯһմвδõ𰸣Ҳǽ롣
̤飬ɽУĩβ׿ȥĿһ䣬ڻıᣬϢ֮䣬ָ
ֱʣǰ˲ΪǰУ˼ΪΪ˱ƺȻɣ֪ΪΣָо˱Ƿӡ
ֱ𣬾ͱѹͷɫΪĽ
֮߰ʱɽǰغ΢켣˷
ǰйʣǰ¾ѣ䣬ۣһɫͷڶء
󣬼ɫһ䣬˴ۣŴ
ԶʱڼУһֻͨԺС棬òǷө棬˳ǰһȦ֮ٴǰС
°Ȼ£յһĿĿС棬ţ˳ƺ޿֮ҳħսһֵҲ
ţС澹֮ʱһģгһӨУһӣڿһȦֱСס
յɫһϲһУзɻУջشС澧Ө貣Сʦúˡ
һԣȤʦ֣û뵽ѾͷС棬ֿɻһˡ
յӹһЦ
ٴǰУʱĿ΢ǰС棬ǽע£رյС迴¶Ц⣬Ц⣬費֪⣬Ӧס
ٶȻӿ죬ԽǰУһΪ΢ע⣬ƬҲͲᡣ
Ψ£Ŀɨ裬Ųٴμӿ죬һӿ죬ɫ䣬ٶȴϡ
һΪע⣬˴˿ĿԴɵŲҲǼӿ켸֡
ʱյӽŲͻأͣ£дһ⣬ʹ࣬Ƭ̣ɫð̣ѡ
ɨۣɫ䣬ٿԣ˿ǰȥܣͬ
ʱյֳѣƬ̣һȻڲ˻Ϊȣ˲佫վڲУһֻɫС滺Ƭ̣ʣӷȥ
ʹ֮ڶǻ
ɫأɨۣΨһӼܶһȻɫСա
ٸӦС׷һٷٶٴμӿ켸֣ʱǰĻȻ󣬵ӳɽɫٴξ䡣
ռΪҰΧţ˳ұ˾ǣ򣬲£ǻϣͻ˿̤֮а㡣
ǰףһ޴ҽأǧҳԴ˳أڳرߣһòɰöͨԺĹʵ΢΢ҡҷ
Ԫ
Сӣ죡뽹֮ﴫĿ΢ɨʣԣһɽ֮ͨС׷
Σ貢δǰһ㣬뿪ɽ֮ͣұһĿҳأɨұڣһ¾վʱĿͬվұڣ˿
ͬʱʣĿ¶̰ӰȥĿĹȻԪ
ֻҳʱһҽ𣬴˺ⲻۣջһƬƣ֮ǵֱ˶ȥ
ƻֺһĻǵһĿɨȥʱ
ɫС棬ǧ
δٽǵ޻ȼ˲ʧ֮䣬ʼգҲδʱͨƲ㲢δֹͣһΪ·ȥ
ȫעɨۻƲ㣬ϣ˿̵£ɫݣϹŵЦݣͻǧ棬޼ɵ㡣


090 Ԫ
˵ػϵŨȫҰˣϵʧЧ谵һһ㣬ұֱ֮׷˺˵ٲ죬ʤڹ࣬رǴ˿ҳУ½½ɳ
Ϧ̤ټ貢δĻţǲ뽻Ŀȴһߡ
ʱվԶ¶Цݣ£ȫɫ˾ȵǣ沢δǰǰƬ̣
ɫ΢£Ƭ̣
غƺӾӦˣ¶ȸӦΪϵΪҲǧаȻҲɽͣΪ¸ҽ˴Ϊڴ˵أΨɶԺ޶á
֮ˣ¼ԪҲһ
ټɽ״μΪΪȷ˶Ժ棬ϤҲš
׿ȥѽüΣ轫²˵Ƭ̣Ųͣ£ұڣпʼĬʱǧ˲佫Ӱǡ
¶ЦĻڴ˵أǰҲ˳òһʱ䣬ѯʴӣطгϡ
յ֪˳Ϊ棬ҽΪһֻ£ǳǧĻ½ʿҲѶ˳ȸ£˳Ψһȱݣ¶ȸӦˣ˺Բ޻ϵ
ʱǰ֮ɣұڷɻأҳأ΢΢ͷȻĿһŲſұڡ
ұ֮һֻŭĿۣ¹ͷǡ
룡΢΢һȻȿ֮ˣɫʼ仯૵裡
Ƭ̣һϤܹ֣֮ԼҴ֮ˣ뷨һȷͷҲֱ¶
ұڱϣЦĿɨ£Ԫ֮ϣ뽻䣬ֱ֮Ԫȥ
¶ȸӦԪҲ裬ƾ֮ɽټӵ뷨֮࣬Ҳ޷Ӧ
ĿԾȥȭΪʣĳĻ𣬸
Լ޳ȴҪԴ˿ƶΨһģǾȺس
һȣԪѱժȡŭѡ
Ƭ̣Ӹ߿Ծ£ʱٴηӵڸӦ֮󣬲δΧƶȥұĴˣŭģǴҳ
ʱ룬ǰɨ۷ߵĺ棬ԿĿȴ£¾Ȼɫ棬һƶʧ
Σһģһźɫ֣£Цȥ
˷һڿлһںҺ壬·𣬴ʱɫ䣬ڿںɫҺҪ㿪ǰֻתˣһҧ
ͣ
ںҺһմŨŨỵ֮̄ͬʱδֱ˶ȥΧð֮
ӦҺ岢ǰԿ͸ɫ濴ȥƬ̣ĿһҺȷʵǿ󣬵ȴϸԼ
ˣΪĿ죡
ԲģǺ̲ͬʱĺ
ȥұɣƴˡУһʧĸ죬ҧгݣĿԹĿ衣
ʱЦһժԪٴλصұڣĿȴһߣ֪⣬¼Ϣ֮ʣɡ
ǰͷŵǷٹǷ˷˺ǶԣΨеƣǲ
Ƭ̣֮ɻҳأĿɨȥһұ֮һˣʼգ֮Ҳδ
ڼһĻ迴ҳأĿɵڴˣ˿̵ʬ޴ˡ
ţĿٴԶ֮սȫޣǽһ죬ڸԴ˿ɲҷġ
һʱȥԿտ϶ϾںУкҲã¶£κվ
ϥ䣬Ŀ΢
ɨ۲ԶһνΪͲѣɿľʵΨʵҲãǧ꣬Ϊɱɱ
Сӣãߴ½꣬ɣͷһμ
˹Ƶҩţﵽʮ㲻⣬㹻ˣʣһöЧƻԪ룬ǱҩѾϢɻָ͵
ԣ΢ͷʵ˹ȥƵҩ⣬ʳкЧ
ʳ΢΢һʳ̫˷ˣЧֻѣʵ˹Ĵӵе棬ڴˣֻ֪˹ڣͨһں
Ϊϵ˹壬ǻΪϵЧȷ֮ͨࡣ
ԣ˼һʱ䣬Ҳû˵ȻһЦ£ɫ潫˼
˹ֻֻһһϦ֮¡Ŀ˸ںҲ˵ʵ֮
ʳ㣬ѵΨ
ȵȣֻǸչʵ֮ЧҡͻȻ䣬Ŀ¶âһ뷨𣬴뷨ǳɹﵽʮ㣬ʧܣ˷һöԪ
ԣӦ辫һɻСӣʲôʳ˷ѵİ
貢δڣãĿ¶ϣе
Ҫ˹


091 С
ԪɶСӣ˷ˣȡ´ɡȰɫЩνӣЩɸ֡
ԹСȫ֪˹֮Ϊͨݣ
貢ֻǵ˵ͷĿŹִˣ밵̾һֲ㣬һöɣ˷ˣػŰɡ
ԣһԪóĿɨȥ˹ɫһ㣬Ŷȥֻǵ㣬˿ҲӦ
Ƭ̣óССԪ룬ʶҲǽС
СĿ΢ʱԪ֮˿ۼˣ΢İʶع飬ٽһö룬СŻشУ
뽫Ϊ˰ۣԱߣܼӣ͵İܼӣ
öԪУɫ䣬һĻ£ʱ֮£ϥ䣬һֻḧȥƬ̣ʶƿ£Ԫȥ
һͬоͻҲһ㣬ԪɾţǴ֮
üͷ΢壬ΣһһУٴһԪˣٴοȥ
ԪӦüϸݣ˷ԪںϣϵԪӣ˵ܲںϣ֮ʱܿһ
Ƭ̣𣬲ʱԪհ㻺ţȻԪ
üͷ΢壬ֹͣƬ̣ۿȥӾ̾ԼЩ쿪ˣԪΪ
ֻ֮ʱһ˿ɫ˿ȻͬӦ˿˿ɫһ䣬Ŀ⿴ȥбü
֮Ԫۿɼٶȣȼĵɫ˿֮һƲȥһ˿
һʣոռ˼ѹ£ĿǲƣѣԼðãƼȻһ
ֻǰ鰵ǲƣҲް취һҧڴ֮£ΧƵ֮롣
ˣ֮С
֮壬ںϣͬʱΪʼԿֲٶ
ٶȣƽھȵͬʱǾϲ˹´ƴҲҪõСڴˣһ˿䱻գ
ʱٰģ˶צͷֹʳʳ˵ʲôܼӰ
ֹţ۽ɨ裬΢΢һ
ôоСӣΪͻư˲ˣⲻܰɡ˴۾ٴοȥĿɿڴ
ûۻɣһ۹ͻư˲ˣƵƵҡͷٴδۣаδۣܲɱʮɡ
ٴۣڿ϶ǾŲ֮䣬ֻŲٶȣһַٶȣֱʮ㣡
үСĪǶСٺЦͻưɣʵǿЩܱ׷ŴӲչҰ
СӰ˲㣬ѿɱʮˣʮ㡭޵˰ɣţܿҲһƴ

֪Уѹһ㹬ٿƸɴ룬˴ɫܣһ󣬶˵ȥ
˽һսҲǰֶ飡
һߣĽݺ̤ӹ߳ģǺɳĮ֮ء
Ľʦ֣һħӽңĵ㣬Ҳ׷ɵԣɫĮվټڸ֣䣬Ʊˡ
ĽݺЦһһħӳ֣һҡ
ˣ
ڴ֮£ɼҲԴ㱣һ㱲ǵȷӦǰĽݺӰʧ
ɫһ䣬ٿ󣬹ˮǹرգ˻һۣ˵׷ȥ
ϣҪѪ֮ɵͳ
һԣŭȴɬһЦεͷ
ߵͷɲδ¶ϲ⣬ɫĽݺӵеһħӣһ㶯ˣֻǵһħӣƿعȥرգ˵ĻĽݺͽ룬Լ˹һ
ԣҲ˳Ľݺ֮⣬ڶ㣬ȻҲӷŵһ㣬ҪЮ
ڵڶУĽݺħӣ޹ЧΨһ֮ãѰҵڶԿӡ
ħ֣ƿصһڶ㡣;Уɰ˸еͺȵסӿΣĿ¶ɱ⣺ɱۣ
˴˿̣ɲټɵĽݺѾĽݺعһ㣬ڵڶɱˣ
Щӣ޹ؽҪˣ
ʱĽݺٱУɫأɼڶ㣬ҲΪ輸˷ų㹻ռ䡣
ҪģҵڶħӣӵдӣΪ磬һ㹬Ŵ򿪡
Ŀģͽȥ
Լػħսʮ˲㣬ɿ
ʮڣŽͽǣһҪ׼ʱȥĽݺɫ¡
ͬʱڵһ֮ʮУ˴Ŀɢ⣬Ŀģǹ
ͬһĻǵ˴һϰͬȥ
ϼɽȥɱӣɱһˣ
Ԫɱһˣ
һʱ䣬ӿӷѰݣĿһ¶С
ĿΪ˱ݸΪġ


092 壡
磬ݺᣡ
ϥ֮Ծΰʱ˫ۻ̯ƣָƣϴĪ
ʮԲ
ͷǻУЩʵ׷䲻ѣǰڣͱ˶϶϶ԼҲ֪ܡ
Сĳ֣ڴһ˿⡣
ԽԽһ㣬ѪðŸʧĴۣϽӶϣԽͬڡٵ£վ۷塣
һ֮ң
̯֣ȻȭĿӻȻᶨ
Ӧѣ·ҽһߵףʮԲҵյ㣬õĽҪ
Գŵ˼ع飬лԪԴ˹֮ЧŨصȤС֪˹˵Ҳ˵߼
ʣһöرС
һתȥԣ˶ͷ΢΢ҡĿдһ˿Լϲã
ˣ貢ֻصͷ
һͷлͬҲŶĳŵ˳ŵηУԶһŵҲҪɣʧȥ
˲ңҲˣ
˽ӦƬ̣üͷ΢壬˵ԲֵӦ֮С
ɨۿռңв²⣬˵ػŨڴ˵أЧӦü룬ţĿĹˣ뿼뿪Ȼ䣬ɫһ䣬˫ֱҳء
ҳŨŨҽ֮ϣһֻ״̾ǣ˺Ϊ֮ɫ͸˫΢𶯣
ˣ뻰ͳ˳չһºҳس֣ҿſǣԲû㡣
΢΢ͷٴεСӣǳ汳ϣһŹʯͷʯͷֺϤ֮Уƺʯͷ֮ϴ̫һϢ
̫һ壿ૣĿȥʯͷƽ棬Ψһ˵ģʯͷһѪ
Σ룬ʯͷǷãǵĻ
ԣĿ΢˼Ƭ̣СӣʯͷֻϤҪ֣ҪԪ֮Ͼ˵ػϵŨΪѱѹһ롣
˵Ļصսʱ㽫һ̡
޷ֻҪСͷУһֱչˣ˴ѵ¶ڴʧڻعս
ν֮ԣ벻صͷֱӣҲó࣬⣬ҲС
˴˶⣬ĿĹˣ˼ȥ֮·
Ŀռ䣬ҽܣΨһĳɽɽȥ谵Ⲣѡ񣬱ϾǶ·;̫ǳټĻܿԼ·硣
ټǳƺΪʵǿӹɣ
нţٴλɨƬĿϷͬʱĿҲϷ˴˻һۣ
ϷһˮֻǴ˵ΪɽڲϷܿǻɽ֮ڣ˵Ļɽ·Ϸ֮ܿ·
⣬վӣһĿ¶Ͽ룬صͷͺһƬ̣潫
˲䣬һɽ֮һȭʱ䣬Ŀ⿴ҳأһ㣬ǣֱ˶ȥ
ٶȼޱȣ˲Ϣ䣬ֱǰһһɻɳʯ飬̣ٴһ㣬Ϸȥ
Ƭ̣ع飬ʯͷ֣ʱһ֮ͬʱ·̶𣬽棬ҽɳֱ׷ȥ֮ǧ첻ͣƲ㣬һ׷
ɨۣüͷ΢壬һģ׷лûˮͰֵ£һ·Ϲ˸׾޴£׷׺䣬ںֻͣһϢ
һϢ󣬳ٴŭΣٶȸǼӿ켸֡
ɫ䣬ĿһֱϷʶͬʱ봢УƬ̣ͼ֣ЩڸӴԣò󣬴˴Ծӳ
ֵͼɳâ䣬ž쫷磬ֱȥһıʣҲóͣƬ̣˫ͫâ˸ٴֱ塣
飡
ҿռ䣬첻ͣƺƴ󣬵ȴʧΨһЧסϢ֮ʡ
ʱѳҽУֱϣڴɾϷտ˱鼫Ϊƴ󣬽Ϸȫ
ɫһɽǱ飬п˼˫һģᣬ˲䣬һ׶ӳ֡
׶һƲͣ׶ȼͬʱϹȥպһײڱ֮ϣһײ׶ʼתƿ㣬ֱϷȥ
ͬʱĬ棬ʧΪٴʮԲ
Ӱոʧƿ֮ںϣʱ·ײڱϣȻǿһײɽ㣬˿
ŭѣ˫ͫű뱩Űײ޹մŲʣǱ
ڴ˵ر֪꣬Ϸ鿴ƽǶڻȴֿ֮Ч
ʱƱ²ͣ뿪ͬʱɨ·Ŀأ·ɽ֮տɫ齫ڷڲ˵Ϊһɽ
뻰ﴫСӣллˣʯͷδҿ϶ʯ֮ѪϹһͬϵ
£ѪƺԷһ壬Ҫһ
΢΢ͷɳɽǰԶȥ
һһڵϣŸ˼Ŀһµĳ򣬼ٷȥ


093 սһ
ɳɽȺҺһž£ϥƬ̣ڻɽٻָʱоع飡
ǸоֻҪ̤أϢ
費֪ſʮΣȴˣʱȥһǿ˲ӵʮ֮ʮ㡭
ϹУǰģСŲ㣡ĵ͹ŲʵۣǶ֮ƿء
ĿɨԶվӣһ㣬ŹֱɶȥϹ֮²ٱؿϾʱҪɱϹף£ĥǡʱ䣡
ĽݺʮĽ
һ·ɣɫأħսǰʱ䣬ڵĵ洦ɼԶģУȻʱѵ¡
º󣬸ɴӽ룬ʮ֮ڣص֮²֪˼ˣƬ̣ĿһӼٷ
ֻʶһɨ轫Ϊ壬ֻŲѣӲʱ赥һ˦һ
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ٺ٣дͱҼƽϹ֪սˣԭġ
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µӼĿ˸´°಻סˣϽʦָϽ߰ɣˣҲϳƺʦֵģ⣬֪ĸɣγƺ
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Ӱʣһǣ


094 ս
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ʦ㣬ʦС΢ţɫꡣ
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ʮ޼ɵĿɨһ˵˼ƬףҲ΢΢־ʱȭʮ壬£֧Ҳۡ
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˴˿̣вڴΨʦʦּܰȻȥֻ֮⣬ϼС
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095 ս
Һʶɨȥ־˽£һֱģҲǻ£ĿɱĿϹơ
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ʦ֣ᣬҼʦˣһѡϹƵʶ󣬵Ⱥʱ֡
Լйڣڴ֣֮롣
ҲŲ㣬ٿ󣬱˴ɫ𣬵ϹƴǵûŸ򣬿ټ˴˰͵Ϯˣ
ֳЦӣϹԣӣðҪˣλŹ
һ̤еͳ
˻һһĪϢΪģⷺʣ༸Ӹܳʮ֮ǽż⣬ǣˮ㣬Ӷϣʱ˻Ͼɫ
ٴһ̤ٴ˲߽⣬˿˿ڵ档
Ϲɫ䣬žɫ裬иģ貢δ־ȥ
־ǰ赱Ƚóݹȥ󣬶Լ֪һһ
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ԣ־Ŀ˸Ȼļȴǰⰲŭӿҵһܷۣҵһ㡣
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ÿһǰ֮һεˮ
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096 սģ
ħˮŽرգ⿴ȥ͸͸峺ĴţϡɼһĮ̇׾ֱϡ
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һСһȫͷѻɵСĿӹȥڰ٣
ſѽٽһѾɵãȺУͻأֻںڵɲ̤ǰʮΪ΢ԥ
ǲţֻ֪ʱſ˵ޣ˵ľԾзҧһ֮ܣԣһǰȥģܻܿܿſһˡ
һ뷨ڼʱǰѱ֤ʵǰȥļˣǻΪСһ֡
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ķ֮㻯Ƭ֮ϮҲǱ˴˵ſɫһ䣬ǲʣʧǵ˴ǰ֮ˣһҲδɱ
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⽣Ӱϱ󣬻ñΪʵ㣬ſüͷ΢壬ԳһЦ̤ɣ취ټСķɽһμҲǰΨһ뷨
Ӱ磬ˮٽʱֱ
һͰɽ棬εſǰͬʱӨ貵ˮڴϣô룬ˮľŲ
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ʦãſֻȫ
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˿Ŀأ־Ӻ۾ںɫ֣գֱ˶䡣
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һȭ䣡


097 ս壩
һȭ䣬ؿٹѣһȵϢȭͷΪģ޼ɵΧȥڰ׷ΧڣֻҪǽ̤ߣһӲȣ档
ʱǰʮӣͬ棬ڿӰ󣬱˴˵һֻڸӦӰΪпʼþһҲɫŹ֮
ʮԲ
һŹֱ飬δãʮĿУںɫ䣬˫ƵƵĮļ仰ﵴ
ѣ
ոƽĴأٴӿһмٳ֣һۿɼһ˿˿ͻ㣬ڰ׷ΧڣԶߣļµ룬Ͻߣס
뵱ڤɽһսƾŴټ֮Ϲ׳˿ͷԱΪڤɽ
ʮԲ֮ĵ˿ɵ˿ɿ
ʮӣѣڲУӲ³Щúηڳ֮ϣɫ
лˮ㲻תĦ֮첻Ϣ֮ʣʮʧڴϣ֮ԶߣֻҪţҲһʧء
󷽰֮ѵĵӣľսδӦĿǰ֮ŭУ
ʱĿ죬ʧҲ죬ٴλָƽ̹
ͻأ䣬ǰúǼžһɹΧǻҲдĵӣΨеͷ˲㣬Ų㣬ʮ㣬һ⣬
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ĿȻתƣڵĿڹǰվϣһʱ£һģʮΪ
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ʱɫƽڿſƺһиóۣһУһںɫӵص׳ſ˰
Щ轻һٴǰ
ĿԴ¼ŵıӰſ̾뵽Ǿ仰ղδ׷ǰ
죬ʣཻңţڴ˵Ⱥʦ
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һ·ǰУĿĹˣȻڹСϣЦھ빬ͣ£ΣһƬ̣΢ҡΣһںɫʯ֡
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Ϊ˵ǿڵӲһһΧɱ˵Ļɱǲܡ
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Ϊʮ֮֮Խսԣҳ㷹
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102 ٶȷ
޷֮ţɫƽƸž޷壬Ŀ΢Ƭ̣һӣƴľ޷˲߽⣬һ˿˿ɫ㣬ΧƲͣڡ
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Աɣǽ
ԣĿ΢˵ͷĽݺڶħӣԼΣķԣҪǰҵˡ
ҵĽݺƿصˡ
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裡ݵɫʱҲޱȣɨǰв˼Ŀ¶âλѣĽݺ˿ںδӱ֮б
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103 ſ
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Ŀ΢ʶɨȥٴȷħδʯţ뵽ĽݺʱΪܿ϶ֻǹŪ顣
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Ϥ֮У֪ǺΣüͷ΢壬ʱĿһǰ񷣬âٳâѹо
Ψһͷڣ


105 ʵʵ
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ҪʿʩչϣҲΪӦ֡
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Ϲ׽սһ֣дһ˿һսУҲƳ档
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һվŹִĮǧĿӶȥɫء
˫üһŭһվĽݺӰӣ֮֮ģ

иɨȥʱסȹü΢壬Ľݺ棬ɱ˴ӣҵҲܵõħӣһɡ
䣬裬ɱˣعΪ棬һɡ
ΪԪͣĽݺн飬ʱ˿̣Ϊȡ·ҲȴһĽᡣ
ڰ󣬴ǷҲٹʡ
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֪ŮкξģŮĽݺ֮£ȻҲ֮ˣߣǧӾԸ
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һһΪ֡
˻һ䣬ʶѹȥϳʶӡǣʱ֮ڴ֮£뱾ήҵԪ񣬸Ϊ
֪ԸΨˣԲסˣ
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΢ЦĿů⣬ٴһұ۵乬֮ԣеૣ룬Ϊ֮
ΪһУĿ⿴ǰǽ¶Цݡ
Ѫɱ¾񡭡
һЦ¶ǧоͻ˼ǰɱΨɼˣɫ䣬Ц


108 ʮϢ
ڴˣкοɷƾʱˣͨҲУѵٴγ䲻⣬Խս
ԽԽ𵤳ڣԽ𵤴Բǰ
ܣ
ڵо建ţ֮һ˿˿϶
ɣɫǹЦӱɣϧһٿҪһ꣬ҲĽݺ޴ˡ
ϧˣĽݺƺ׼һ
ڹźſɫٿһǧ󣬱˴𣬲ĴŴţеǲѡ
ʦܣʦִˡ
Ȼ뵣ǣˮ£ҲǴȥΨеģǿǵ¼ᶨıӰ
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ĵϹף֣ͬ㡪䣡
˵˴Ѫٴ£ĿȻֵָɱֻһ
ֻǧΧɱҲһ˿֮ҡɱǲҿǰ벽ڣսˡʸɵӣĸɵһˡ
Ψеġӡ
вһƬЦɱΣաһ
һָ㣡
ԣЦһһģһСǰٴָȥʮϢ
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Ŀ˸СȴӦκ뿪ڣʱٴεΪһָңΣ𣿲ҵĻͶ֣Ȼˣ˺ȥ
䣬ϥʶСɺᡣ
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ѵΪǿᣬС
ţԼɫ΢Ƭ̣ͷ˴нʮϢ
ΪԽ˶࣬ؼк˶
ܡܡ£ΨһСǷк֮Чһֻʱѡ
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ûѡΨеģǡ
ϥɫĮɨ֮ͳҩѣ·ԹɳԪ죬һҶ֪Ҳġ
ΣҲգҲգҪ֮¡
Ʋ㣡
һʶȥʱתһϢʽƷȥ
ʽƺӦ֮ģʼ¡¡ת״䣬֮࿹
Ŀһʶȥŭ𣺡Ҳǰ˭С֮ҡ

һƲ㱻ΧձС
ĿƲ֮£ϤУֻһֱɵڴ֮Ų̤ǰѣ²ͬûѡҲѡ
ħΣǧħҧΣΣ費£ӡ
ΨɱŶԵͷ
תٶԽԽ죬ɫĶ仨꣬Ϊ䣬߶䣬ڵʮ֮ٶŻʮ仨УĶΪں֮ɫʣ価Ϊ֮ɫ
Ƭ̣ʮ໨꿪ʼɫƲٴλع顣
Ŀһ֪Ʋ㱾ͲϵǿжΪټʮǼޣ˿ٲգãЩ֮ٴʧ
ʶƿ֮ϣƲ㲻ʧʱķĬʱƲȥǰǹɱŰ֮Уɨȥһԡ
ͻһ㣬ڣںϡ
һںϣֱڣҺһɻϢռļ䣬Ψе뷨Ʋ㲻Ϊ֮һ˿Ǳ

ЦӶȻȫΪ¡
ͷҶΪСܶӣ
Ųɣʮ仨꽥ɫջĶں֮ɫ˫΢գʱ˿̣֮ͻأĳһС
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ʱֹ֮ͣһɫ֮ǻ
ǰʮϢ֮ʣգ۾͹ҲΨݵʱ䣬ɼ˷ſϵȣһ㣬ɿӦУ༸Ҳû˼Ⱥ
ʮϢʲôʮϢڸӦΪЦһȥ
ʱ˫
˫ͫΪɫ


109 
ĿӶȥüͷ΢壬ΪԲȥǵɫ˫ͫ⣬һֻͫɨ֮ʱоһ
Ű񣬾ͻ˫ͫ޽磬Ψħ
ָоͻأܲʵڵڿ˫ͫʱд˸С
Ƭ̣ɫ˫ͫϱ仯һɱŰɫʼӣɫ˲֮ͭɫٶԽֱＸ֮ɫҲѪϡ
ԶԶȥͻһɫ硣
ʱҺɫ֮ӣռԺΨһ
ҪһУ򡪡
ͬʱжʱһĻĻľʧֱգʶΨʣģӰӰҲɫ£ʧ
ǿжΪʶհһ̣ҪһУ𣿡֮ʱɫƽǱŰϢ
ǰǵ֪ǷãиУһУɻӵǿ
ף
ָоĺɣȴŲɣͻƲ㱾Ϊ֮ӵ˳֮⣬Ψ
ףɣ
ɫ˫ͫˣһɫ֮˸˲ɢռ䡣
ʱ䲢ֻ࣬һ㣡һʯ̨Լٶֱʣһʯ̨׿ȴ׸ߣڸ߿ա
һᶯܿ죬۵ʯ̨𣬽ǼϢ֮䣬ʱǰˣ¶ȣɻѡ
ڵɻɼȴУ˴üͷ΢壬Ϣܹ죬ļ£۴Ӻοȥ̸оԲѡ
һУǵ֪ΨеĽͣϹš
С𣿡һ߳ɱˣԽսɻԴӵΪܡ
ֱɻڹŹСֺ󣬸ΪǿңСƽ棬һ˿Ҳޣˣɡ
ɲĿ裬ɢϢСйأСܱܿħս֮ΪĽϹ˺ħйأ
ˣȡ˺֪ҲҵʮϢ
ţɨԼˣ˴Ŀ¶Ц˵˼УӦǶС̰
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ʱ̨ɫƮĿĸ·ϣʶУɫ죬һĪ֮
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оԽԽʵһϵϵ򣬻ΪµģΨһ
ĻȻ䣬˫ֱ˶Ľɫ䣬һͣԭΪ޵ֵ¡
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׾һ㣬൱ڽȫʢһͣ
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â˸ŭʮ׳Ť³
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Ʋ䡭
·˫ͫͽȻŴ󣬼ɼˣɫǾ䣬ΨеͷƲ䣬ҪͨԪӤڣϣ
ٴ̧׿ȥʱ˺٣ǲ֪ģȴ֪ʱ裬ȷԲ
鳾ɫ糣Ѫ䣬εѪʺ֮ɫǴŹɫ
صȥϢƿһ֮أһ֮⡣ţδ仯
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ͽҪؼңʦģõȫҶߣ
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ȭĿĿ·
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һ֮£ǧ䣬ƻֺ꣬׳ۣ
ڴ֮£ΨмζסɫԾ𣬵˸ոӿ
ͳ֮ٴδ
ٱ򣡡
ȫ࿹޹Թ£




110 Ϣ
̨֮ϣɫĮɫƮ˫ͫ俴·ŨŨɱ⡣
ֻһɱ⣬ǧһ˿֫䣬иߣдѪΨеģˡ
ڣ
ȼ˹Ϊһţǧǰɡ
ǧ
һѪٴоӺᣬʱɢа㣬Ŀ
·˱˴˾Ҳǧϸ˿̧׿ȥҲѣ˵ͷŷָоǴͷһ⡣
һ̣ټΪΨһŮԪоͣͣΪأڼּϢ֮ʣ֫򵹵档
顣
ϥ֮£ҳӶԪɫ԰ףڹѹͣͲֻǹɾѲ֪ú
顣
ڳֿУ˹䣬ΨһɣʱĿؽҪھһѹ£һƬհףΨеͷ̨Ϸ裬Ľݺ
ɹ
ʱɫ䣬֮һƬҰ֮ɫ֮ɫ忪ʼתǰɢĴۡ
ǰܾռݵʶ֮ɫˮ˳㣬һ˿˿١
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˳棬ա
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ۣջΪһ˿̣˿̣ͻأϤ֮УҲǺ
ϵ֮飬Ǳ죬ټٴα죬ڼƲ㡭Դ֮˱ԴԽһأ
¶Цǿ񣬿·Ψһˣеɣʦˣཻ꣬ɡ
ƽΨҶľ㣬ɿܡ
䣬һɢУƬ̼䣬ϷƲһ̣Ҳֹ֮ͣ£⼸ɽңȥ
򣬳鳾
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顣
΢𺳣ɴŲʣ˫ϥ䣬֫ſء
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ڸ̨֮ǰĽݺأֱĿ·ǧӹ䣬۽΢飬˲䣬ʱ˵ͦͦš
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СӣⷨӵѧͻˣҪѧ꣬ʲӰˣⷨɶ
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ͬʱ·ǧһ֮£ʧȴ¡¡֮ĿӶȥԱɫ
赥ֱǧ֮ưһĻ¶Ȼ

ʨӺ
籩ٶȿ磬֮޼ɵһУ壬ɽûء


111 ˣ
ϢĸֲȫƾǸо
֪γɣǰͷŵɫ壬ǾϢ֮֮ڲںʱȥγϢ
ߣżıʣϵƲ㣬ֹŹ֮һ仯ƿصģܿܲΪϢ
ǺΣ費֪ؼһ֪
֮ܶһнڱ죡
ϧֱԴ֮裬¶ƿأҪĴۡ
س𺳣ԾϢΪ޼ɵĴݻһС
֮ŭʨ
һ̣Ƭչʾǵϯÿһ䣬ɽûɽϨ𡭡
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𣡡
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ƽֱ̹ǧһվ˵һ˿
ΨȻһΪعǧͷյǰʦ֮أһ̨
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ʱɫҰף˫ͫһ˿ɢпһƬڰ¸о䣬в֪ΪΡ
ů
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У΢ǷѪɣǷȱٺһǰǶٻ֮һȱ롣
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ѪںϣȴȱҪ֮֮ꡪɢ

ʵĺУڸ̨֮ϣ쳹أ
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ʱ̨һâɲ˸Ƭ̣âն𣬻С
򿪣˲Ϣ䣬һһããۼŹŹֵĹСۼ
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תžɳǰһǣʱ仺һ죬죬һ¡
ڵº󣬸ֹ̨ͣһͭɫС䣬Ӻڿȥϡвͣյɡ
죬ͻȻ䣬СҡΣա
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ʹâɢą̃С䣬ήƽСԵøΪͨˡ
ںڣɶѻ翵İɢһգƵƲɢһա
ռͻ㣬ͻʱС֮ʧȥ㡣
ή
Ψ֮һѪɫ֮ʯɢâʯԣһ֮⣬һɫʯͷž糣




112 ȥ
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ʱͷ棬һǽ壬һ֮磬Ψעģ˫ۣĻɽ
ǹŭ⣬Ա
ʱٴҡΣӰһ⣬ͷɢһǣӰΪˣټɣˣһɢޣǱڴˡ
˴˻һۣ˲ԣ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôʶ˴һɨɫ
ȥڳ⣬ǧһԱУиУǹʨķ籩ͬѰֻҪûҲС
һʱ䣬龡ԺܻҰŭȴ֪δɽħսȥǧӣλͷգ˵Դȥʵ˵˺á
Уͷ˵˼ϵ󣬵ȥǧӣɺ֪ν
ģõħӵã¡ѵڣյ֮ڴ˿̣Ȼ޴档
༸ҲǺŭɨɣаһеһУǴˡ
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¹ȥſʣһ¡
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裬ͬҴ壬ԲܲΧɱΪԭҲӹһѡ
ֻǸΪˣĪƵƵлʱĬԵĺͯһֱ̤·ԣħս׷ɱգһ֮ɱˡ
ԣӺ˺ܽҲ̣·˿ִȻڹǰ˴˴˵˿ִ
кǳأ֮ˣնϷΨһµĶ࣬ܲࡣԣһֱϣҴѪǧ󣬱˴£¡
һ磡
裬һ·ߺã
ԣĿ˸̾ʵӴ࣬ȴһʡ
·ããһѣ
ûμΧɱߣȺǼһǣ˭ɱ˰ڰУΨһЦĿУ¶֪֮⡣
н԰һƿĵӡ
ʱɫЩֻģүԵĲ࣬үΧɱˣ˵һȷʵͦǿζɶǼһﾹɳԼꡭ
ţȥӰѾԺÿ١о棬һ߿գһ޴ֱۣ糵˦˦ĵ·еĿ¶ĽŮӣ
֮أ䣬ǿ϶

һº󣬹ˮŴ򿪣ʱһµĿڴڵӼ˴ɫһ٣Ψǹ֮С
ɨ۹ƽ̹أǹŭ⣬ٴһ򹬵̨ȥ
󣬼Ŀ¶ƣ֮ɣΨɫ
ڴǰӾԴ˵Ȳ뿪ȴԽǣΨо뿪
ʱڵǰʰ֮࣬磬Уڼ̨̤ǰüͷ΢΢У̨һȾΨһʯͷ
ʯͷէһƽϸϸȥʱ۽һоѪʯ
һ䣬ѪʯĻȻըǿҵĳٴγţţɫһ䣬Ҳ쫷紵š
ڴǰĿãȻƬ̣¶ŭ⣬Χڵӣһٴš
Ѫʯǲδ˺ǾҵĳȴԭõĴݣֱǱҪƣģҲΪǿҡ
Ż̨̤ףȥЩͷɢ⣬ɫȴʮ־
ʱӰʧǰڵһ˿Ī˼˴롣
ʱСããƮ


113 ǿ
ĺգãȻ޼ʣ˴žʱҲֹͣ
ΨһģīУʱɼһâ˸â޹ɣÿ˸֮ڰ㣬Ͻ֮Ҳɡ
ǿռڶ
ǰһСƮգƮһڶâƮúջǱͻأһڶɡ
һļž
СУһƬʱֹͬͣ㣬âԽԽήΨ֮΢΢˸
ʱ仺꣬ꡣ
âʧͬʱήʱһɫʯͷ΢΢ҡΣ˲ķѣջҽ
ʯΪۻʯСⲻ֪ʱ֮أշ绯
ڻҽУһ˿˿𣬰ʱΪŨһ˿Ա߻ɫʯͷգʣ򱻾ɢ
˰̣֮ǡ
ǷɢʱС֮ʱĻǰԪ񣬾ԱУСУΪԪǿδۻʯۣ裬ǱУԸСӾۻ
߿Ƽ򵥣ʵʴĪʣǰͷʨӺ𣬴ʱСеģֹܲһˡ
ϾʨӺ𣬷ǱѰ壬ǾûС
ʱһΪ壬ʶ״̬ƶȥ˲䣬ήĻУѿ
ֲ֪˶ãѿɳտ仨
˻Ѥ貣ˮ㣬˵ţϸϸȥʮꡣ

廨һռ佥ȶڻ㣬ɢ֮ãã𣬺ٴλָΨвͬģƲʧ仨
һѻɽʱУҲǻȼգһȼգں̲֮תԽԽ࣬ʧδ
ʱ֮ɫʯͷ˸Ƭһâ𣬶ΧһƲͣ˲䣬Ƕɢ֮⣬ˮĻ꣬δ
֮ǻɫʯͷɫԽԽ貣ȼ治ۣԳ֮֫ٺ
ʱɳ˯ͻһ֮Σ̰㴩塣
Ҵ壬ڣħսһϤӰԶֱգӰԽԽ
˫ۣ΢΢׹ͣӰɢʱ˫ĻȻһ
һۣԾ˲ʧڣУһ΢΢ҡҷ仨ڴ֮£ĻȻš

ĿãȻ٣ͻʧվԭкңȥľ⣬Īǻ
૶ڶϸϸ˵֮£Щ£СйأйأȻЩ󣬽Ƭ̣ٴһƬհףΪҡ
ͻȥȥ䣬еǿհףΨеһָо
һ˼ĿͽȻĪоήµ
ǣػ⣬˻걻Źʯͷ飬һΪ壬ٿ
ָо
оԽǹԽһĿʱȻ䣬ĿһѪ֮С
Լ
Źͷһת壬ǻһâ
ˣüͷ΢壬Ƭ̣һϤ֮Ǻâɫһ䣬Ͻƿضȥ
ֹͣ
赥һǵâƮУһָȥϸϸ˲䣬зˣ˵âſУ˫ϥ䣬ߵ˼ͷ
ޱȵĺâ֮ԪֻǴʱʱţָ֮ʱҲ֪Լ֮¡
룬ллˡимɨ֮һӣһɫƮʶ룬Ŵ֮
Σ轫֮Է֮󣬶СĽԪԱߡ
Щһתǵɫ֮ҲԪ񻺻ڡ
ˣһ¿ģԻϵԪȻЧСһ죬뻹ǻѹ
ĳŵҵ㡣аǰϥڻ֮£ɫأ˼ήؿ
Ƭ̣Ŀ΢һΪ壬ԼҲ˵л꣬Լ干á
ţĿԽԽͬʱ⼸ǲ²ʵ
ʣĶ䣬ȥӦ⣬ģֻһ˿˿Ѫ֮УȻĶ޻꣬ӦþԳ˯С
ʣҪⶨȻڻ֮ϡУƬ̣̾һ
ֻ֣֮֮УҪοηֻꣿЩһϲͨܿǳ֮⡣
֮ܶµСͬһǱ죬ԭܿƲ㡣
Ψһɿ϶ģСԼԼС
϶վӣϵȥǰĶУΨо̣ԭܿǳ£̫Ϥ
ָȥƬ̣Ŀ΢ȥǹϤ⣬оѪڣͻһԾ㡣
ʶϸϸȥ֫ٺĿһڵ֮һɫ֮ѪƵƵͻķԾ㡣
Ѫ
ɫвϻ룬Ƭ̣һϲ֮⣬Ƿл⣬ΪŨ
Ѫ뵱˺ҧµģвѪ⣬ɢǰһ˿
Σ΢˫ۣʶѪϣԽ壬ͣԺУʶ֮
Ѫ䣬ʧããС
ͬʱ˫һڰ˫ͫͻأ֮ɫĿϵΣеͺȣ
ڴ֮£ϤԽԽŨѪϵƲ㣬ںϣȷе˵ϵԴ֮
Ϣ
΢΢ҡҷ˲䣬š


114 ͳ֮
ϥ䣬л벻ѣƬ̣ɫ
ħսĽݺ֮ʱҲǽʼĩ壬˵ħս˿쿪һɵģĽݺ䡣
ԭ·
ΣҪиӦɵ˲δҲܲʡ
Լħսͷλλ˲ѡһ뵽ˣɫ䣬ӣʦ֡
ҵĴૣһɱ
Ƭ̣ȭǰ˲ϲãϥڻ֮¡
ͷ֮δͣ
һ赱Ϥ״
Ƭ̣Ŀ΢ǻ֮Ӧ֮ʯ˲䣬
иУһʱѰԽ࣬ڶ٣Ϊ鷽֪
ţٴθӦĿ΢ԲȻΪˣһ൱ޣ˵Ļ°빦
ѹǹĪ˼ķĬʱɫͬʱů֮
𡪡
˸Ӧţʣ֮壬ͬϵ֮ΣͬޣΨ˵Ļܿ統һ㣬Խս

һʱ䣬Զᣬʱоϡָо뵱Ȼͬ
˫ĿӶȥüͷ΢塣
֮󣬻֮ɳţԣԽɫĽˣ£겢δɫ˵ҲգҪоδӶࡣ
Ԥ롣
ѵΪ䣬ɫѶȼӴ󣿡üͷ΢壬Ƭϣμǵõļ֮ѣĻ֮Ƕѻɽ
ţؿȥںǲƣǻɢУٿɫһˡ
Ī״̬üͷ΢壬в˼һ룬һʱȥֲ²ֻ䵱Сԭ״ֿٴȥем㡣
Ψһעģһ㡣
ʶ룬Ǳ壬ҪҸγȥɫ£֮أϾҲС
Σ΢˫ָۣŻƬ̣Ѫ֮ʶӻԽС֮ϣƬ̣ж˿ʶҲϥ䣬ɫΪ԰ס
뿪Сķǰʶ̽СѱһɿϢǹϢָܷоƲ㣬˿á
ʣüͷ壬⿴֮ʱٴһ
һֹŹָо𣬱СУΨгһ㣬ԼĻ꽫գǻɢ
֮꣬û㹻֧ţԼĻ꣬ڴˡ
оĺɣŲɣΣ֮ʯ
ʱϲӶࡣ
ˣţɫأСⲻ֪Ҫȥ֪Ƿ񹻣
ꡣȭ
ʱռڶĪ壬Ҳ˺飬ڶУһС壬źڶͷϮȥ
Ͻ֮أޱߡ
ʱĳһɽУʮӰ֣˴ɫ䣬Ŀء
ΪŽĿ࣬ɫΪʮǡǾ
ΪڣڻΪʱʮǰһȵĶͳѡ졣
Ϊ˴˶ͳԹȡ
ĿġΪѪơ
ÿԹȵʿϽԾݴѪƣӵѪƵʿٻʮһǶͳһְ
һְܹעϾͳ鵤ʯÿʥ÷ţиаʿָӣǿʳϽԱ°빦
ϡŽͳʮԣĿһ˴˸ʩ䷨ʧԭء
ǰɽ֮ϣʮʿۼ˴ɫƣĿ⼫Ϊ䣬ɽǰһС죬ҡҷɢ֮⣬׷ΧǰԤ֮Ч
ʱŽĿ΢ڸӦʮ뿪Цһз˲䣬ɢϢɫΪŤʹ࣬⡣
ʱë׳˶ΣȻ䣬˰뱪֮޳֡
ʮˣүԹмٵġͳ޺Ž˫ͫ΢촽һ٣Ҳʧԭء
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ˣʮǶͳѡ֮ʱϾ֮һûɢ֮˾ɱ¾Ѫӵߣٻͳһְ
һ֮࣬ʤʿ΢΢
һ룬ûʿᵥжԱ˴˺²ͳڶͳһӳҲ֮ϡ
ٴγ֣Žѽɽ°ף¶Ц
аڣӡߡΣŽĿ΢û壬иУɽʮǰһӰǰ
֪ǰߵӰף˼׵֮Ҳۺ첻ѣΨһȱʱ̡̫
ʱڿ΢΢˸ŽɫһʶȥƬ̣һ㣬Ϯɽ³ȥ
ͬʱɽ¸䣬ʮʿӰ֣ͷŷɽ¼ȥ
һʣɽʮɫһ䣬ƣ֮ģ˴зóͷŶʱͻأֳڶһϸС䡣
ϸϸȥΪһСС䣬ٴɽʱһꡣ
һĻɽʮˣ߼Žˣ˴΢΢ݡ
ɽ֮ϣΪһߣΪԲټͻأµĿһ䣬󺰣ɱ
УúηڴˣȻΪѪƶҺܿ·ʮͬ飬Ҫ˽ԲΪ
߻䣬ɫһ䣬һģһͨƻ𹭼ɳʱһ֮ƿ
ʱɫĮڿƿն⣬Ŀ¶Цж¡
ʮ
˻һͻļͻأһͣȱüΪ
Ƭ̣Įٴοں󣬺ܲϳĵ棬ҳһӡ
ٱ
һ̣ɽʮˣɫ΢䡣


115 ֮
Ѫǵ̺һѪиһ˿һΪϵƲں϶ɣҲ˵ǾϢԴ
˵ϡ٣ϵƿڣ
֮ǻɽʮɫһĿпͫ˸Ƭ̣һŨѹ̾ͻ֮˿㣬ʮ˾¡
飡
֫ſأ
ļ£ΨеĸоǺأ˵̧ͷҲͣͣһʣ
޷֮
ĿĮǰһĻȣħս֮ʱһ˽⡣
һֱּʮ֮ʱڵٱ֮ʱǧ
ɽʮˣΪ߽ߵԲٱҪȴǲ
Σɫһ䣬ٴεͺǧ
ɽʮӦƣѪ˲䣬εε档
ͬʱɽ֮ϣƲʹһ̣Ҳֹͣɽ¸߿գѹγɡ
ǧ֮ҲҪ׶Σ
ɫΪʱ粻ǵǴӺͯһᾭüΪ飬Ψе˿ůļ䡣
Ǻεأ費ЩǺˣͬΨȷģʮ˶ԼɢŨŨɱ⣬ԣΨнЩΣɱ
Σͫ΢ɽͣ׷ΧͬʱһֹŹָоڱͲϵɢ
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ˣŽľս˫Си𣬵һѪҡдſ֮⣬мΪϣ¡
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ˣɫĮ
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ѭһλѪ̽轫Ѫʶ󣬶ʱһֹŹָоʶ𣬾ͻ·ʮֿ֮ɵá
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˸оʧȥдʯ䣬ǹĿʱ»Ѫˡ
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֪Ѫɱ֣֮ɱֻһüͷ
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ʼգ˵һ仰ڿѪʱ˴ɫһϲ
ͳɱҪѪƣ̵ģӰ׵ġһٺٶѪƼ֮࣬鶼ðãν֮ס
ŽĿɿڴ򵽴֮ӺԣԹѪأɱȿۣ˰үʯɶˣһ鲻ʣүүģɱ̰ĳˡ
ͳӵĻ֮Ҳˡ
Ժүͳͳɱ̵ģϣɱһȥԶչԹȡŽ߷ߵ󺰣СǣռѪƣʱһүˡ

ʱնɫأв˼նС죬һϤ
Ǳ룬ǳĺӽĻ꽫Сǰ֮࣬ںˡ
ÿڴˣ亹ðؼס˵㡣
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һ򣬲ͬ


116 
ϥɽУɫƽʶС֮ʱͷ֮һӡ΢΢˸ڴ֮£Ӱòͣ˲ʧԭء
С赱Ƚ䣬ʶ΢Уٴʧ
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ʶСΣʵʸɣȻʶСδ仯
ϥ䣬赥һɫʯɳЩʯǰǰˣΪϵϵ
ϵʯ֮Ʈ䣬ʶһֹŹʯʼڴ˹̣˫΢գʶѪ
ʱĿһ֮һʶ
һͬͷŷΧϵҲ˵֮ԽߣΧԽ㣬ĵԽࡣ
УͨϵУΨ֮飬㣬Ѫ̺йء
һĿк˫ͫؽƬ̣һϤ΢΢ͷ֮ҲΪ˽⡣
һİٱǧΨһģڽǴﵽǧ֮
ǧ֮ûƿء
ȥˮ꣬üͷ΢壬ɫмǵõɫİ꣬Ȼµ죬ûɫ󾡽ػ
Ƭ̣ĿƵʯ㹻ɫˣֻ
ţɨۻ֮Լһֻϵʯͬ迴һֻϵʯٶȲ죬ȻȼԽߣԽ
һĻ˼ȥֲ뷨һֲ²⡣
죬ɫ֮ʯ񵱳һ㣬ͼʯûɫµͼʯ൱
Ҳ˵ʮ껯֮Ȼ뻨ɫѶҲ
뷨һտ϶
ܵ˵ˡ
һؼ֮ϣ֮
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ǵ޻ϵܿ뵱һ㣬ޡƬ̣Ŀ΢
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óһöҩʶϸϸȥо󰭺󣬸䣬ʱɫ΢ʣϵֱȥ
ֲͬһһ𣬺ܻܿʣ˵ĻϵԾ֣ɵϵҲˡ
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ʱʯһգΪȶ

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ӵİʿʮͳһְʮء
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ѵģͬүǡŽɫǼһָǰǣϣүŽ
˻˵һ룬һŭһž޴ӣٳȥδɹףںЦ֮£Ӳҳĩ
ִţŽ󺰣һʱ䣬ȭʱһŭλͻ֮ȥ
ʣˣɢҷ𣬽Ų쫷ȥƬ̣һ䡣
УΨŽһˣ˫ͫͽȻŴǹͷƭ뷨ɢ𵱳ȵĳŵʮ˵ŭ𣺼̤·ΰ룬졣
ѵģүס֣Ѫƶ㡣Žټһŭһμٱ仯˰뱪ȥĿ˸
仨үˡ
ʱɽһӰֳ˻ƾճһ㣬ʱϰĿ⾡ǰһ⡣
ͳǰһĻɫ΢еְ֮ϣռʯһΡ
дԲ֮ʵһɽսˡ
һֳͫж³
ٱ


117 ˵ģ
ɽŴһʱע⣬Ŀȥֻһ˫ɫ˫ͫ˫ͫ䣬һĪѹ֣ܿ񱩡
˲䣬ǧ֮˿ͣͣʧأ֧ţɿ֮ء
顣
׷Χڣʮʿſء
һĻðʿͫ󣬺ܹ죬ĪʱŽ΢΢һʱ۽ǿ飬аңǰǹɲĳ嶯Ҳȴ
ӰӣʱδүΪ㱻δˡƱ仯Žɫôֻ֪Ҫɱһգۣʿ͸Ƶģֱ
үǡŽ
ɨһۣüͷ΢壬һüŽɫ΢䣬ٲҶԣӸòү˰ɣǲҪΪá
ʱΪĿ΢ڿ϶ںдȣһˣǣɱ
ʣ֮΢ԥڿܱ߹֮˺ǹԥҲɢΨеͷǣͷӦΪֻͨǱȽǿѡ
뷨˻һۣеķе׼ǰȥʱ¶Цж³
ǧ
׾ٶ֣ȴĪѹ׷ΧڣһѪɫ֮ţѤҫۣƬ̣¡
ѪȾ졣
һ·תľƣɽºǼžһЩɱֳƵʿͷ亹ð׼ͷŷģ
ͨԱһ˲䣬ʮһ𣬲ܣΨнڷʵ
ȷȷʵʵڣѵӵϹ֮߻ϹŽ
뷨շתĿȴˢһꡣ
ɫ粻Ŀ֮⣬һ˸ϣϾȷʵܹ죬һ棬ۺΪ˲䣬ȥҲ
ʱĿ΢Уһǰǧͷţ˽ϵҲ˵ȫʢʱڣǧͷΣߣȥͷŵĳãܿΡ
ǰһżյĻΡڰٱ࣬Ӧʮ֮ࡣ
ĿǰԣǿãϾǧһֻҪ޿ɵֵҪһˣǰ׷Χһ⡣谵
˽ͫͽȻǰϡ
һпһƬ̣΢ƽп϶ӵأͫ󷲷Ȼʶйأ˵Ļ
һѺɫЦһȥ棬񣬶ʶ㷨ҲɳΪǡ
һźſһ£һСתȵǧ䡣һСӭ˲仯ɴ󣬴ź֮ȥ
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˿̼ɫ˸ͫͷţʱ
֮㣬һУ֮Уʶڴ˿̣Ҳޱȡ
ֹŹֵĸоͷһ⣬ʶң˼
˲䣬Ŀ΢
˲Ϥ뵱ͷŵƺͬ񣬶ʶΪ
˲²Ļ˲ӵĿģǲԼͷŷ
²ɫ΢ĿתƣֱҶľЦ
ɧţȷʵƿأͷţʶѪ˿Ϣ֮뷨մߣģһ
ٱ
ͳ֮³΢֮ͣ䣬ɫӹâһ˲䱻档
֮䣬һģͷڻϵȥһɫ
ͬʱ䣬һǿǻ֮⣬Ϣ󣬾յ档
ˣɫ糣ķ֣ԹŨΪϹԲԴ˺ڵķ
ףڻƽ⡣
˾´࣬Ǵ˾֮ﵽ֮ܡ
ھ赥һУĿɨȥ⣬˿֫ſ棬ˣٴһСŷϢ仯ƴ¡䡣
һҷǵž֮ݴŹͻ̩ɽѹ㣬һؾ𺳣
ں꣬Уɡ
һǰȥ֮Ŀɿڴʿſ䣬һĻŽ档
ط̫ˣɱҲҪ˹򣬳Ӱл룬ǶԵ׻Ѫľٶ޳ɡ
ͳһְĪү»ӳٺ٣ˡ
ʱջСĿˣ´򡪡
֮ʿſµͬʱ۽ǿ飬ڰ֮ģмԥһ˽ǿǿֲ֪
ΨеǺܹ죬ʮǣط˿δ
˵Ļֲңһҧ׷׽óŵ棬˾٣Կ裬䲻ΪϽĶӡ
ſģ׺󣬾վĿĿ裬˵ӳ˷ӿ
Ŀ΢һֽʮ䣬󻺻Žȥ
ʱŽкЩţҲЩĪ˷ܣɱкΪߣʵڽڣǿΪ԰£Ҳԩ
죬ŽҴĸ
үкηԸŽ˫ֵһͣɱ񡪡òүĴɣɲɣѪүðãУѪڣѪ
ţƴ˴ɫʾƴҲ׼ܡ
ֻˣĿɿڴ
Ųͣ£ǰ󺺣Ŀ΢ĮĻ
ͳǺΣǷӵһȨģ
ɽɱΪǶͳ𣿡
˻һŽ۽ǿ飬вʵͷ𣬰ɱǷʧˣʧķ裿˵ģκ˽붼֪˭ܵɱ¾ĵط
СͳҲ֪ɱܽɶĻţ
бĶ룬ŽɫǹүϽ
Ͻɫ΢䣬ĿãȻ
ֱϽ


118 ͳ
΢ãӣŽԥǷýѪ֮˵˵ˣܿͳҲû˵ɱɱ飬º֪ȻɱԼ
һǹŽ亹ð̫ˡ
У仨ڵүүŽĿ¶ϣйӣͳ˵ˣʮһ£ܳܣÿٺ»ʥ
ٺ»˵ֻҪʲʮﵽ𵤣ǲܣԭٺ»ҩݣʯʤԸ
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ʱԣȼ٣Ǹ޴ջԹɱ¾̭ΰ룬졣
ԣ˫΢գɽ֮ʱ˻ѶԶͳһְ²⣬Ż֣ȻĿĲǶͳһְǻʯ
ٴ˫ۣӣѯʵ˵ϽʮǺΣΪΣʥǺΣ
һ⣬ŽŨü΢̾˿ֵү¿ʱ쵽ˣǱ߱˵䣬ŭȵ촺үҲӣźţԺǸˡ
ˣüͷ΢壬δԣŽ󺺣ٺٶЦӺԹкˣǰѽѪ׳ʱûɶͷŽ˵ɶɶ
ɱ˿ԲգۣǳŵĶȴĺأڹˡ
˸뿪ʱŽǰĿԴõͳү뽫Ǽ£ɷ񣿡
дѯ֮⣬Ž䣬δ迪ڣǴȥʣˣ̾һȥ
˺ܶ࣬Ѫ飬ɱϣϰΪĻ飬Ѫɱ֮£˴˸ΪͬһĿģ˴Ρ
˵£Υŵ
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үΪϽʮɽʮǴɽΨһǾӣÿһǶгΪڽ𵤴Բ֮ЩҲɱ¾඼ǴӶͳġ
֮⣬Ǵ඼֮䣬Ľɢޣ֮ࡣ
ʥãǿɲ˰ʮ߾Էֻ֮ͨҪǳǳ̤ԪӤʥóϡ
Žੲݵ
ԣ˼жʮҲһ˽⣬κ֮࣬սһݸŽӵѪ࣬ͳЩ𣿡
ӹŽʶһɨۺ첻ѣѪΪǰ䣬֮࣬үˡ
΢΢ͷͳһְ
Ž΢΢һڿɫĮϲƵƵͷз֮ﲻϣѪƣðãɱˣˬ
ɫɲ䣬ĿģС죬뻨ɫ֪ҪΨһȷģϵʯ
˵ĻҪռʯԣͳ岢󣬿Ž˻Ѫ֣ĻĶͳԼ
ڶͳÿĵҩ²ҲģͬãŽͳæռʯԼչ˸Ϊ㡣
ɽȶУһɽϥȺ򣬾ȹȿ֮ա
֪¹ȥ
һգɽ֮ϷХ̻˳ɢŽɫһϲϽӣ֮ˣԹȿɳˡ
΢΢ͷſ֮Ŀ΢֮ӦΪˮϵǴС֪кηӦϧˮδ
ţĿһȻ䣬뷨
ʯɫҪģؼ֮뷨費˼ҲԽӿ϶ѵãѰϵ֮
Žȿȥʱͷӿǧ֮࣬˽ɫƣɢŨŨɱ⡣
ڹȿ֮ʮ߾ɫɫĮһʿ߳Ŀ
ΪһƮƮɷǣǼѪ
ŲԻŽǰʶɨȥĿ΢Ƭ̣˽⡣
ʮʵǿʶ΢΢ѹֱ֮ļ䣬ѹ֮бɣ˿мǿһۣľսȻڽ֮ϣԪӤڡ
ʱŽѪƽƬ̣Ǽǳ΢΢ͷһŽͷȡһ˿Ѫ󣬽һɫó
ΪʮǶͳʥѪһȡתãʧȥγ𣿡ߵЦͳһְʥ֮ˣ̬ҲûôĮ
γǣŽ΢ţУȻʮǡīǣīǲʥ֮ȻŨˮҪ˫ް¼Ϊòˮġ
仨̫ˣүҪˡ
Ž뿪ڣʱʶȥ
ǡ
ĮŽ۽ǿ飬мΪⶼͳһְδΣĻɱ͸ȨˣѵİˣϼҾͻϼҰɣ˵֧Ҳ
Щ仨үˡ
̾ŽϣϼҴڶڻǣѡǰɡ
š
΢΢ͷһ㣬Žÿʥȡٺ»ʲĻʮ֮Щϣ
ŽƵƵͷ뿪ɫ糣߲ʱӦһʶɨʱһ걻֮д
²δͣ뿪׺Ž뿪
ĿꡪĻǡ


119 
һ·УɫƽߣŽੲݵĽţʱʮǣһʶ
ʮǣΪʥϽͳְػǰȣڳУԺηɢޣԲ˽
˴ŨŨ֣ãǰһƴɽɽƣΰ׳ɽԶԶȥĽѻ
δٽһ֮紫
Ŀ΢ǰѴŽ֪ǸƵĴɽǻɽռз⻷Ϊ˾ס֮أڻʿ
ֻǴ˳֮󣬳Խ󣬱ڣ֮ࡣ
ʱԶâ˸һװʿ˴ĿһµģŻǷȥĿ⿴ȥ΢档
Щʿзʽ죬еĽŲȻ֣еɺףһЩڳᣬٶȶԣ
ΪڣڽΪټ
ʱ輸£Ŀһɨھ޴֮ͷӿԸɢ޹ǡ
ӣǻɽ϶ŨЩɢ޴Ϊ˶Ϊߵģɽɱ޻ʯΪ͵ģڳְӵ㹻ʯⶴһߣŽһ߽͵
΢΢ͷɨֱĸ߷壬˼
Ƭ̣ڽһʯ󣬼˽ǡ
лУͣзˣʿ˴߶迴ĳܰȣƺڳУһƽȰ㡣
һ󣬼ڻ֮أʱŽ˴˫֣ӣͳѵ֣ҲҪȥһӡ
ԣΣͳһְҪռϵʯԽԽá
ϵʯŽ΢΢һ˼ǰʱһϲϽƵƵͷӣϵʯңϵʯӦòѣ
˵˴ŽЩΣԽԽãûүɶҰѲҪү
֮ʱ˼Ƭ̣һӳֵдͼȥˣҡ˶٣ֽһ鴫ȥ˷ɴң£ҡ
䣬費Žɽȥ
ŽͷӰʧߵүŲأԶҡɱҲˬ죬ͳһְٺ١
촺Ȼȥ

̤ϻɽŲɲͣɽϣɫʿһʱɽһ飬ЩʯŽ䣬Ϲâ΢ȻӦػ
ɽˣ˴˷װһ£ɫĮ⼸Ӧػģǰʯɺһꡣ
һӹѡһƫƧȥѾ֮䣬Ҫڻɽͻ
˵Ũиݴ˿˿Լԣ°빦
붴ʶɨȥƬҲϤĬһڴʯͽȻ£Ҳ΢΢˸ػͬʱ
ϸϸ̽һ󣬷ڶ䣬Ŀ΢
Ľݺ䣬ɹҶִӣ˳𲻹죬ټſ˲֪Σ뾡𵤡
ͷƣһȥģšĿ¶ȭʱͻ̽Ѱ㣬ĿĲݡ
ϵСƣ꣬Լʱ䡣
һʶУƬ̣վڻ֮ǰĿ¶˼
ڴԲڵϵռ㣬ϵռĲ㣬֮֮·Ҳһۡ
ϵΪϵΪΣܺͣͻҲȶķ
Ͼϵϵ֣֮β֣պ֮Ϊխ
ԣͷҲҪûϵΪ
ڻûѣݵȷĲУӦ㹻ˣȻǽ𵤣Ĳ
򣬻ҲӦ
ϥ䣬轫ʣ༸ʯЩЩպؼʱá
ʱ֮ϣƶ֫ٺ룬һʱԺâڣϸ߰ԽԽŨһȦ󣬽ۼȥ
Уٴۣɵӡ
ڣᣬڣԽŨʵʣΨн𵤣ǽۼɵһ۷ظ򣬸ʤһ
ʱϵʯϣҲ˵Ϊ˵ػŨȴʶϱǿ
ˣҲûųء
ºڲϸУʶͻơڣͻƲδͣ£ڻѬ£ɻݽ
һգд˫΢һۣ˫ͫ˸˲ʧ١
ʶƬ̣дŽ
ӣģ
ȥѵģ仨үڸ˵ĸǹԶ㡭
ӻ𣿻ϵʯռ٣Ƕ׻ʯϵʯ˴Ѽ˵ǰշռһӣ𣿡
ǹĪЦݣĮȥ㡣
䣬⿪򶴿ȥʱϲ
ʯǰڲ󿴹ʯŨ֮أһڶ֮䣬֮ΪŨһʤʮҲعˡ
ʯ
üͷ΢壬иУʱĻ֪ͬɷٶΣ
˼ŻǷȥ
һУۺ̨ʵǿΪʥ


120 
ƾŻѪӦ贩ֽУʱһû¥̨ǰͣ£Ŀ΢
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ӣԺĻүġŽŭԣӦЩڲġ
һɨȥ£δᣬŽԴѯ֮⡣
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ŽɫһϲϽ£ɱȥ⣬˵ҲˬүͳҲүǮ
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һ𵤳ڣƾŷʤڣΪѣںڴԲΨӡ
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Ϸʮ˼ٲգʶ衣
˻ɶͳаΣΪְС
δٽ¡¡֮ǵض


121 
Ͻ֮أ嫲䣬ʮɽǱɽһǣʮʮɽΨһܷۣв˽Уһ⡣
ʱʮƮ䣬˲佫ΧΪһ߳ߴ󺺣ɫף״ܣһ˫˫ͫζ裬ͷ촽
Сʮɣ˾ٱ͵֪֮
¡¡һѹȻγɣڽֵܣΧ۵ʿ׷׵˼ΨмΪϸߣ޶ãЦһ󣬻뿪
ֻѹԣ˿ӦħսΧɱһԽ֮Ĵεѹδ
ֻԲѡ
ʮǣԽмɵʱ裬ѶˣرǾ˼δʺģΨʵ
аԣ޻̸֮
΢ɫ糣ʱɶͳ뿪ʱһӰƻʹʮ֮䣬ǷǺꡣ
ɶͳ̰һȡǰһ깧ʶȴȥ
Ŀ΢ȴһϲƷʯ㵹Ǵ󷽣ֵǮţб
ڸӦ֮ǲɲһ˶ԣȥ⣬;࣬ۼֵҲ֮䣬ȥӵֲ⣬֪˹ɬʱʳ䣬פ֮Ч
֪Ҳɬ֮ʱʳ
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ڴ֮ǰһ֮ˣԳȥ
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ˣŽĸˣԥһ£۽ɨˣһҧɫݵĻǰɱɶԣѣһɱˣʣҪҵģȻ

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ţֱ֮˫ʶ΢հףƬ̣ѣٴۣǰĮ꼫ٱ֮޴ִ쫷磬ɨ
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СԪƣͨ𵤣ҲףľܣҲֵϷˡЦ޹۷ߣ޼Ψһȱ㣬
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127 ǣ
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Ĭϥڴ֮£ڻϵƬ̣ǹ֮лһ̷ʱ·׹һɻϢ

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ഫΪǧ޼֮أɱɡ
ʱ˿̣ĳһ֮ʮϥ˴˫΢գɫĮŮ٣е׳ţеСɿݡ
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Ƭ̣վʶΪȥ¶Цһָû𵤺ڣ񣬡ǧ
򡣡
Ϲ˸ڣʯֳѡ䣬ҡҷ䣬𵤳ڶͳѪҺڴʱͣͲһ֫ſ䡣
ڣڣÿʵˮڣͬڣᵤ̥ÿһڵĲ࣬Ϊǿɽ֤ʵһڣɺɨʮڡ
ڽϣһڣ֮ϾΪԽߣҪһ֮ԡ
ʶѪ˵һڽڣ࣬ᵤ̥ͷŵĴиУϵһţǧֻ֮һΡ
Ժɨͬڣʮš
ڣ쳣ƾרһоŲģΨ𵤺ڴԲϷ֮㡣
Ȼͨ𵤺ڣٴ
ſأĪ壬һǰԲǼΪɵһͬΪ𵤳ڣ޻֮
־޴ķкǿɬΨеͷΪޡ
ޣųԽѰʿͬһУӵ⹦ⷨʣͬϣɽвټ
ҫһ
˵в²⣬֪Ҳǿ֮룬޾ɽУ֮룬磺һˣӲ𵤡
ߣΪĶ࣬Ͻڷ֧ǳ
Խˣ֮ҡ
Щ貢֪һ뵽ģ˪ˮ塣
ʱɫĮ΢𵤺ڴԲ㲻ѰҲţʮʥáԪӤڡ
ţһǰʱŽֱһᣬλվӣɨܱߣһ
˸׵ӣͷһ⡣
Ͻǰһ񣬽Լ֮ˣһһָŮӵ塣
΢΢ͷʶɢƬ̣˻վĿ⣬⿴Ǿһ䣬ϲ⼲ܶ
;Уʮ֫ſ֮˺ߡ
Ѿģմܹɣѵģү㡣
㲻˵ƨȥĸס

Ⱥ󺺼ۣ֮ɫ׺ɡ
ɨһۣδᣬǽй˼ѯʶŽŮӣЦĸƵģвϽͣԣŮĿ˸ʱ裬ӿԭ⹷˵ӡ
ͦģ꣬⹷бȻҪ׷Сӵá
ĿԴΣŽһһ˵ǰľ˽⡣
ʮǣȥɢ⣬ʥõԪӤʿԳ֮¾Բᣬڳҫδ顣
ΣĮˣʱŽ¶Ц֫ſˣȵӽү˻ǳ
˭вվ
û˵ãΪʥ֮ˣȻܣѪ򡪡
ԣǰſˣ۽΢飬˴˰ŶͳԷϻвվվǡ
ֻǰ鰵ȴ˼ʮǳᣬϡУÿг֮ʱ۶ͳӳǹ齵
ģǻѪ
ʱĿ˸ǰ˵ĻѪȤǵع飬Ⱥ˺ܿܶӰ죬ˣΣһָ󷽣ʱʮ˻Ѫ˲
Ⱥ˵ȸȻҪ飬ԼδͻƣɱԼȺɲ顣
ָͻأģͷâ˸һεѪնת
ˣ˼Ƭ̣һƬѪٴһŽȥ
֮ˣܡ
ŽɫһٺٶЦϽЩѪʶǷУһһ
ڵһģꡣ
Ƭ̼䣬ֱд֮˿ɶٴתͣ˴վĿ裬ɫܼɵܾ壬ģǾء
ʮǣǿΪɡ
ŽڽɫΪ裬ʱľеӣɶ죿
ĿӲ񷣬Ƭ̣ϥ䣬ҫҫ֮£ȻҪϵľк󻼣ټĺǿ
𵤴ԲǱѰҪɱ߾ܣǲܡ
֮£Ŀ¶ȴɢڻɽɽĿ⾡ڲ񷣬˴˽˵ȡѪɲΨʥ׿ϣʸ
ҫ䡣
֮ʱһʱĿ޿꣬˴˰䲢󣬵ʵȴ˾
ɱϣͬĺ


131 ֮ս
ɽɽ¡
ʱ˫ͽȻĿǰ޾񷣬ǰ;Уֺâ˸ÿһᡣ
һǰʱһĿ⾡ǺɫϣнǻֵһĻĪ⡣
Ȼ䣬ǰƲһ˾ϢϮ
ʱҫüͷţü䣬ɫӡǻֳϸϸȥܿӡΪһ֣ͳɱҵߣӦѱ
ŭ֮£˫ͫ죬ӰƲ㣬Ƭ̣ɫ΢ֱɽȥȻͣڿ֮ʱü䡰֣ɷֱ塣
ɽɽǧ˾ɫ£һĻҫһжͳԽ
ĿٴƬ̣ǰϡ
ɫ˫ͫɫĮΪһ޴ħצħצſɱǡ
ֻǿһۣҫһУԳꡣ
ܺãɱ¾ᵹҪзʸ񡣡ҫŭ
ڴ֮£ƲԱУ˲תٴŭ֮ʱХ졣
һ֣գֱѹȥ
ͫ΢Уһ֣ϱδѹˣɫΪأھȡʯһ̣֮䣬Ȼһ
һ۽ָâ˸˲䣬ɫСɳȥֱʡ
һָΪйۼ鱦ͻ䲢޺ι֮ЧΨһǷ֮ϣӦʶƿأٶ֮ࡣ

ʱٶ磬޴ȭھʮ֮ʱһȭȥ
һȭֻ㣬貹âڿ¡
ɽԾԲҪȭŻ飬½ڳڣһʵʰӰܿ
ҫɫ΢䣬ٿΪ󣬾ҲջӰӣûͬΪģȫƲ¡
ĳӲδȫ
ڶǣȻһ̣Ȼˣȫ㡣ҫĿأ䣬ٴŭڴ֮£ŭ֮Խ죬иݴһ˿ʹࡣ
Ʋ㣬˷վۼΪһɫīƣУ֮ɣʱīȻըһӰֳ
ɫۼף˫ֻ޴צļµǻ֮ϣɫͫУе顢Įɱ¾
ڿоĪǿѹ·ˣսľ
Ƭ̣ͳ֮ء
˵ʵ࣬ᣬͻãӦľ򡣡ҫɫ˫ͫ΢΢˸ָңңָ裬ٴεͺ
ꡣ
һҾ֮⣬һĿӶȥֻҫ˫ͫһһ̣Ŀ¶ȻУǰɫâϱֱļ䡣
֮ʼҲһ죬ǲƵʸǱӰ޹
ҫ˫ͫâɣЦ֮Ϊǿ֮һֻҪâߣĲΪ顣
ƾнʿʤ
ʶޣԪӤҲӣҫһֱʶ֮ʯһ
ʱʼҲһε亹£ҫˣ¶Ц֪ӵԵһӺ󣬻ɢ
ҫˣҪմ֮꣬޻ꡣ
ˣҲƽϢɥ֮ŭ·ˣɱһӰ١
ꡣ
ٴδĮ顣
ڴ֮£豾ǲٴμӾ磬Σǲȱ֮꣬£֮
ͬʱü䣬ͻأֳɫӡǣ䣬ǹ֮˿˲ϡ
蹲һ꣬ǰǱԻԣʵãҲǻ޻֮꣬ȡǣռ䡣
㣬ҫ첻
һƬڰȻ䣬һǰâ˲ȴòĻ꣬΢š
ֻһϢ̶ʱǰԵ֮ģѹ£Ϣ֮ʣеͳ
ٱ
ƾ֣δŵ꣬ٴԾ֣оʹ˫ͫ䣬ɫâһ
׷ΧĪϢƲ䣬硪ֹͣ
ҫֱпռһأĪ֮˿ƣҲ£ߣоʹջĿĮȥжٴ³
ǧ
ǧͨھſ䣬ҫޣǹѹɣֻͨ𵤣ٶȼΪʱͫ΢гȥ⣬Ϊȡ
֮Եʿδʧ֣Ǵ˱޻꣬ҪǶԷǣԼղˣǰȷʵзӦҫģĻѡ
ʱ裬Ųƿ׷ȥ޴ħצɱ
ǰ֮ǻˣΨеͷǸ߹Լؼ䣬ǽһޡ
ҫҲ
ּâһһֳƴ£˲ҫϣ˵ˣȴٴμӿ졣
ˣɫɱ䣬ٴһɫɳ֮أ棬ʶԽЧ΢һϢҲ㡣
ԣǧ˫ѹ£ңӡ㹻ˡ
ҪҫӦ
ʣž쫷磬ҫ޴֮壬ֱҵ档
䡣
ѡ
سոҫ֮¡¡֮иذ㣬Ϸ
ڴ֮£򣬵֮ҫ·
Ŀ棬޴ֿʼת˲䣬ƻ׶Ŀֱ·ҫ
ǧͬʱǼٶȣٴμӿ졣
ԶԶȥһ׹ǡ


132 ս
ӰٲգɫأĿ·Уʶһˣּ䣬޴׶תΣ׶ΪûɣҲᡣ
˲䣬׶֮ϣһ˿ðת׶ϣ׵
δѧϵ֮ΪѴ𵤣ڻϸУĻ֮ƿأͷŵĳ
ڵĻ飬һ㣬˿˿ػ
𱾲ԷᣬЧΣ
ɽɽ֮ϣɫΪأͫҲʼУһǴŨŨףֱҴء
䡣
ѣؾ𵴣һ¡¡죬ɽڻǣɿɸӦ΢ҡΡ
׹֮״ľ޿ֳס
ھ޿ӱϣҺţʼͷ·ɫأҫ֮
ʱ˿̵𣬵ʶȴˣڣϵĽһ㣬ϵĴ롣
һа룬𵤴Բ֮ʡ
ʱ䶨ɽ֮һļž
ɫԽԽأʶ޿ӣ·Ӧĺ
ػҫδ
һһ㣬ٺ˶ȥ˰ף޿һӰѪģɫۼ״䣬ɫ˫ۣһĿѪ۽
𵤳ڡޡҫҴϢŭ裬Уδӹ裬֮ǿȴ
ޡ֮룬ʱգҫɱ֮ǿӲ۷֮ͬˣΨеģ̡
޻ꡣ
ʣۣҫһţѪУһâɳ˰֮꣬ΪҫɣƬ̣ɫĻɳ˲Ϣ䣬׷Ʈء
ڴ֮£ҫɫΪήңĿɱ
𡣡
Хǧ޻أŨŨɷɸֱ˶ȥ
ʱɫ𣬽һ㣬ݰ֮⣬ٴλף޻֮Ӳϰǰ
ˣһϵϵûʱĿͽȻһһ޻֮꣬⣬ҧ֮
һҧ貢Ϊеʹۣȴٱɣͬʱڶֻ٣Ӳ޻˲䣬ɫû㡣
𣬱ǧϸС޻˺ҧֱӦɢȥӾ

һʣ̤ͷһ⣬꣬һս롣
֮ʣм˼ӵ֮һһȥ޷ʱһϢһڼ˼УȽϵͷ
Ƭ̣Ŀһ뷨𣬴һ뷨δ϶ʱ˿̣ȴΨһİ취
ͷ졣
һĿ¶ϣʣϵ֣пʼ䵱
һ䣬ããУԲΰ룬֮ʣл㣬һޱȣա

ּԽԽۣһɫ𣬵һĵ棬ɫ˲Ϣʧأ˾٣ء
ɳţƬ̣֮⣬ʨŭ֮֮籩ڡ
Զڼ֮⣬ɽɫԴ䣬ŰϮʨ˵ȳɽ
ҫ˫ͫϱʨ籩мַܹӲʱ˿̣ȴ֧š
ʯ䣬ҫĿ¶ϣڿʨʱ޿ӳȥʱɱ޼ɵķ籩

ʨ̤
ʨӺҪͷţǼʣഫǹĽݺ
һͷżʣ㡣
籩Ŀ죬ͬ죬һ󣬻ɽɽһƬƽ̹࣬ʱʨӺɽ
赥ֳŵض𣬷籩ɰǰͣ£һ꣬ȥǰ޻꣬š
ʨӺ֮ûһУҲأ㣬貢϶һнǲ²⣬ټǰ֮ʣҲݲϸ롣
һģмʯ֣ϥϵģϵȥ㣬ͷ
˾Ƭ̣ʯҽʱٴóһö䣬Ŀǰ΢΢˸
ҫΪһ󣬾޿𣬲ʱһӰǷɳĿȴ衣
ˣɫ糣ȴʵһ̣ȥ⣬ר£ϵģʣĻϵʹѡ
ҪʱǷ㣬ѽޡ
˱˴˻Ƭ̣ҫĿһʯһҧͻ֮ƣֱͬʱҲվΨһСֳ
ӳȻҫͻھʱ֫һԾշȥһϢ䣬ӰʧɽԵ
Ŀ˸Ƭ̣УһŲֱ׷ȥ
ҫѽޣԼΪǱԣӡ
ߣ
ر뵽ʣĳǹɱŨ𵤴Բֻսһˣҫ֣ʮɽұ֮ء
뷨Ϊ²⣬Ҫɱ


133 ɽ
ɽһʿ̽ͷĿԶӰ˴ľսȥʱɽ߳
ΪһˣŽʱɨӰüͷ壬Ƭ̣Ȼȣҫӣ𣬴Ҹ³һ׷ɱҫ
һ䣬¼˶ʱɽǰˣ˴˳Ĭǣ˾Բ룬޴ΣҲ޴˼
Žɨˣ¶ЦٴδһԸȥԸߣүҲǿ䣬һ㣬̤Ʋ㣬նȥ󣬼˽档
Ƕԣ³裬Ҳʹ󣬻ǽ¡
ɽɲΪƬ̣ͳǻʡ
ȥߡ
Į飬رһ֣ǴŲɿ֮
΢һ˲䷢ǳŽ֮ڣ˴˼Ƭ̣ɫһ䣬ſɬһһȥ
رǼͳɫΪŹ֣ǰҫŽΪʮͳλ£󣬴һ죬νһ֮£֮ϡ
ѪŽأûѡ
Ž׼壬ɨЦһٶٴμӿ죬Ŀĺܼ򵥣裬ɱҫ
ǧϰնɣԶԶȥһƬھ·ʱɢɫأرǿΪ˺и
ǣ⣬
һߣɫĮʶǰ֮һɫ磬˲ֿ
ּ䣬â˸мʯ䣬Ƭ̣һöҽɫΪٴȥһö֡
ǰϵģϵһ룬Դ˿ģϵ
ҫѽޣǰȻ֣ӡĿ¶âҪϵԻָԴʱٶȼ죬ʵʣδȫ
ټɵҫ֮ٴμ棬Ҫһɱ
㣬ΨϵԻָС
Ҳ֪ʱ䲢࣬ҫǱӣȥ˦Լ⣬ģӦ
𵤴Բԣ
ǰҫоҴϢ֮ɫѪҺϵ£µ˺ۣѽݽߣ˵мţԶԶ
ȥĻ׷֮ʱָ㡣
ӵԺηͨ죬Ļ֮Ȼ޷ӦڲϼУҫϻ롣
޻꣬ʨӺƽ⣬㣬ҫ޶⣬ϾϽ֮޻֮ˣǲܡ
֮Ϊ̣ɱƣˣҫ벻ͨղ²ǣͨԼˣ²ҫ˼տ϶
֮Ǻɫֲʧ·磬֮˿˿Ӧ޻֮꣬ͨӹȻᡣҫ𾪲ƹܻǼ꣬ʿģһˡ
Ҵͷӿɱֻϧ󡣡ΣҫͽȻһ䣬ȥʮУһȥҲá
Ψɽ
ҫٶٴֻеĿ϶©һ㣬֮ǰ֮ʱĻȴ𵴣˵ٹһ㣬ȱĻǣȻ顣
˵Ļҫǵɱ裬ܵһС
Ȼҫ֮꣬Ϊջ֮ãҫΪ
ҲΪʧܣҲЧ
ǰϲҫһʱʶѣϾͷŻ֮֮࣬ģͷһμ
һǰһ󣬻ǰʣ֮·ɢĿ¶ȻۼģϡɼһΪڶˣһĮꡣ
۴ӺοȥǳĶӣ꣬׷ᡣ
һʱ䣬ɽʿһ㣬ɫٴα仯
һȺ˷ٶȼ죬Ϊһޱвŭ
ӣɱҫ
˾ģ󣬺󷽼ǧ˸ŭ룬ƺˣɢޣõ
ۼķȥǰ⣬ߵģǿЦźͻΰ㣬ߣмͳս֮ˡ
ˣɢ۽΢飬Į꣬Ϊĺ档
ǳҪˡ
ȷУǼǧˣǰߵļ˸߲ңߵģ˵һ
ΪˣϷдΪ𵤳ڡ
Ϲۻ˰ɣ𵤳׷ҫҫǽ𵤴Բһ֮ûҿԪӤڡ
ɢ޽ͷӶɽٷȥ
ʱ仺һ׷һӣһ֮
ʱɫԽԽأʮǰϵԲٶٴ׷ҫ
ΨԿ϶ģҫָ㡣
ʱĿһӦУǰҫͣ£ˣ費˼иУҫͣ£Ȼ̣̳ȥʵ⣬
ʱˣȻ׷ɱǽΨһɱˣһ˼Ƭ̣趨⡣
Խɽ壬ǰһƴԭֳһƬһ޼ʣϸϸȥŷһԭɽЩɽƣǧ֮
Ϊһɽȣɽ
ɽ֮УԹɷ죬ʮɱ¾սҲڴ˹ȽС
ɽԵҫվĿ˸˴˵أǾͷϾɽδ˽ߡ
Ψһյģʣδ
½ָ㣬֧һ㣬ͷ˵ӱҫ˼ϣƬ̣¶ЦʶӦУǿϢ˷ЩϢϤδǰҲһˡ
ʮǳ
ֻҪĴ۹Щҡ⣬ҫ񷣬Ϲ磬֮ϣڤ
֮˵Ч֧һ㣬´ࡣ
ţҫʣʶ
֮ͨеʶΪеΪһ⣬ȱһɣ߼Σҫ֮˵ʶΪΪ
Ƭ̣ҫ۰â˸֮ʱͷţȻ졣
ǧ
ڼԶâ˸𵴻֮˫ۣʶ
һǧ
һһ˱ȵٶȣȵǸͨʩķΧ
ǧ֮ͨھſ䣬ʱҫѹδָվ𣬵ͷȴԼһ
ڴһ̣Ҳ
Ӧǰţ˫һһ㣬ٳǰ;Уϵɫ̥תͣ
ܼ֮ɵټϸӦԶϢһ֣һɱ
γʮף赥һ˦һָڴ֮£һգҫһ
˾٣˲仯һɫͷţʱʮʶмͳ֮ﴫ
ѣ֡
ҫΪ֣ɱ
һߡ
Ů٣еͳŭһ辡ڶУ˲䣬Ŀ¶ϣһɫء
֮ж֡

һֱＫޣǧ֮ϣ֮
Ʋ㲻ٵ䡪΢粻ͣ¡ڴһ̣ͣ
䡣
ؾҶ죬Ϸȥֻɼһ޴ĻȻͻһ㣬ΧԲס
ھ޿У飬ҫ˲仯ء
֮ΪϵŨ֮ʱһ޴󣬵ɾ޴󣬴ʱȥϵ⣬ϵһա
Ϊ˾٣ɫ䣬ĮĿ⿴Уʮһϣǻ¶Ц
һЦÿʮһɫ粻ĿɨӣڿǾ޿֮ʱǣҲһ
Ϊÿ˾֮·ǿͨûԣ˵Ǻ޵ֵ֮ɺܼɵ
Ŀٿʮһɫ΢˴˵ĸоӾ˵Ļһͨʵ
˴˼գʮһ˲ҫǿ裬еĮеȴȻһЦ
ǰҫδĻʮһΪĳЩ棬ҫǲǿС
ڰҫ𣬸ûϾʮǶֺ֮£˿
⣬ʵǿɣȻǻͷ̧ͷ
ɫ糣ٿ΢ЦʾĳͬһǰһֱڶģҫһЩ˲֡
Ͼʮǣɱ¾ϡУҫ
һ֣һɱȥɵҫ⣬ǿʵ˼ɵˣ˸׳֡
µԼѰ𵤳һ㣬ϵģרʧ
Ψеģǻϵʹѡ
ϷʮһУһ˳֣ΨӣϣҲӡ
Ȼӣ޿ʱһ·ҲΨ·ֱ׷ҫ
ɽѹ֣˽ǳĬʱԽԽʿۼڿ·һĻ󣬱˴ɫ䣬ԳĬ
Ŀ⾡۶ɫɣϵڴһָ̣ΪҲʯָʱԶ¡¡֮
ӣүˡ
׿ȥĿһ𣬵Ƭ̣ѹ¡
ǧնһˣףڼٴƲһԾ£ʱϥ䣬ɫ
֮󣬼˶ˢһϥ䣬ڼ֮ԥƬ̣Ųʣͬϥ䡣
һĻƻֺ꣬ϷкǾ
ӣѾأŽĿŵ֮⡣
һŽ׳ѪΪԱٴһ΢ʱΪɱ˼
ͳһְȡŽܸмرǸеӲĸмΪǿҡ
ֱɽ֮սŽĸԸ
Ŀ˸ɨˣ΢ͷҫ
һŽĿ¶ܣ󣬼ȸԾʣ֮ˣĿо֮⣬ΪŨ
³ڴ˵
Žˣʣһ֮£֮ϡ
ػ䣬˵ָ֮ˣܷģŽƿǧ˻ѪŽԼᣬҲץŻѪ
ʱʯţóʱһʶʱ»֮˿㡣
һĿ¶֮⣬ǹʶǿԪӤϡ
Ǻˣ
辪֮ʱƲʹһŮӽ˶𣬵һ֮ȴֱлͻ
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֪˭˵Ψеĸоʮɽ֮
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136 
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138 ֮
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ڵһǧ֮·£ɳھʮ׺󣬶

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Ƭ̣һͣ£ǰ֮糣ϸϸҲ
룬羵𣿡
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˷羵֮⣬Ȼǰյ˵ӡǣɣʣ
֮ʱ뻰ﴫ
羵֣뿪ˣˡ


139 ̫
ٴŲ㾵Ӷߣֻ迴ŵ·еӡǣ֪·ͨδ㣬̤֮ʿԣһ
Ͼǿһǿмġ
Ϥ·Ҫߵ֮·߹հŤһʱԵʱ貢ļϸϸз羵г
羵ںһӡ˸֪ռкЧ֮ȻҲ֪羵ǿһ˿켣
΢΢ͷӷУʶ̽ȥƬ̣Ŀ΢ҡҡͷزȴ̽Ψռ󣬷֪
һһޱ˴˽̸ʱĴ
ʱɹâ˸ڵϹԣһ˸Բɨۣ¿ĳδࡣ
ȻͨģȥڲܵģԻԲ飬ԼӦһˡ
Ƭ̣ѯʶȥʱ
Ųһߣһڶ֮䣬䣬ҴӴ뿪ǵ㣬ڤ磬Ҳʣļ㣬ӦǸ֮˽磬ȡ
ҪǵģζסǺâ˺âڣ׾٣㲻УСӣǿʲô
ԣϸϸ˼֮࣬۷ΨĲСǸ֮
˵ʱȻһˣǶ䣬ֺâһһ׶֮ɳ
̫ⶫΪأڷʮӡҵԪ񣬽ǽ⿪һӡʶʶ֮ʵƿء
켣Ī䲻⣬ܶ˻ǡ
ɫһϲӹӣ´һУԹͷٶȺܹ죬ͻ˲ƶ㣬ҪӶӴ
µһӡѽ⣬Ȼࡣ
ϥ谴ָʶӡ
ֻʶոհȥ̫㣬ϳʶһЩ֮ˣһ䣬ʶٴμӴȥʶԽԽСһ˿ӣ󻺻ʶ֮
Уϸð
֪ԪĻƾԼʶ类ˡ
̫֮ԽԽɫҲɫں֮ɫڼʱմӴʧٴγ֣ʶ֮
ǧʶ֮ʧƮں֮ϣǰĿ˸ϸŴӵ
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̫󣬹켣ƮƿնǱϣԪӤҲֺãȻЧ롣
룬ӳɲԪӤڣҲһս֮Ψһȱ㣬һˡ
ԪӤڷ롣
貢δ뿪ϥ䣬ϻָĵ񣬲ʱ˫ǰнǿ˵
ԣΣ𵤴Բ룬һЩͼҲԪӤڷ룬ҪâҲ㡣
Ҵ˵ƣһޣϷף˵Ļʱ̣ܶϢ֮䣬봫󡣡
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ͻâΧŴת㣬תԻһǽǿһ
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ʱģ轫鱦ӳ鱦ʮʿ࣬ȥõģӵ
ŴģԽԽںâתۿȥĬĬڵڼºâںδ
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ٴϸƬ̺˫΢գڽĬ֮ʱָĵѪ
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ڽ𽣣ɫ˫ֶ֮ԷɳһһԲ顣
˵ãȴֹһϢ֮䡣
ͬʱâ˸ɫԽ¿֮׳ǻͣʥ͵ҲҪ׳̫Ҳʹ
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ƬԲ䣬һֱõ
һƬհףһ֮дڽϤǸоһױȵ֮оֱ³塣
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ǰ˵Ƽ򵥣ĵľսڶԣ˿ָԣһϢһǡ
һǿѹƣ֮ģĿĹˡ
ǰѪɫһƬѪƹһεˮ䣬֮꣬Ϊʺ֮ɫͻ䣬ΪһεѪ
Ҳ£ΪѪ֮ɫɽ㣬Ѫǣ֮Ѫȴ̱ǡ
Сӣ˴޽硣
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ûã뾯
СӣԶ˷ΪԪӤڡ
ԣɫأΣһģһöɫҩڣʱƾնٶȴΪĿ졣
Ϣ֮ʣԻָΪ
ЧԣǴʱ˵أ䡣


140 Ѫ
Ϣ֮Իָ֮ҲǻָɣĿԶ૵ԪӤڡ
Ƭ̣ɨۻħֻɫҲĴ
һֻȥڼ⣬ԪӤʿԷԴʱò䣬ϢԱ䣬Ҳ޾ࡣ
£һɫսף価ʮ֮䣬Ϊ׵ɨ裬Ϊ㣬Գܽ컯
˵˴˽һֵ˴ΪҵռݣԪӤҩ´ࡣ
ӹɫһϲелѣǰʥԪӤϡ
š
΢΢ͷֵʥȥʥڴ⣬ȥ߰ɣʥ˻ϡ
ԣĿһΣеϣյ˵죬һʱЩӦϢƬȥУ
ħֻԪӤʥڣһȥΣԲȥ
üͷ΢壬´һһö˵ΪϵͣʱʥĳǱߣҲвˣӦˣ˳ָ
Դ˵꣬˻һۣ뿪
ΪǶԣпޣǷȥ⣬мԪӤԶһҲǲͬ
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ֳĿ¶ѯʶȥƬ̴е֪һ粢޽磬޽Ϊġ
΢΢ͷм˼ȵһѰһ㴫󣬵˵ؼΪһһѰңʥˡ
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һޣΪһ˫ͷȻǺ
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޽ǷڣԼΪϤǾ޴ľħѪΪħ˴ʱʶһһʥţ˫ͷͬ
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ܿܣ֮һ
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˱һ֮ʣʱ֦ɵУ
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ʥ˫ͷǣƣǹ֣֮ɻȡѪˣɿ뿪˵ء˼һٿƼ򵥣Ȼǲ֮ܿء
˵ΣķȻõġ
Ҫȥڶ˵ԶٶҼ֮ࡣɫԽǰʮԪӤʿٶ
֪ٲĻֱᣬԼΨн߲㣬ھŲĻʿۣҪ뿪Եˡ
Ѫ
һҧֱ̤ɶϣʱľƣݲϸ룬һϢᣬҲѡ
޴ֳƲɵĽ֦ɨȥʮףٶԪӤʿ֣ڿĿһŭ
ɫ䣬һӶ˲佫ʮ׷Χڸǣٶٴμӿ죬޴һɫУȥ
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һʣʿ΢΢һȷӦŷһȥԶ
ͬʱɫʧħ޴ɾҡΣһͺڴشֱ֦֣֮׷ȥ
ɫأһȦʥ˷ȥּ䣬Ԫϸϸ̽֡
СӣħЩԾȵȡˡ
Ƭ̣뾪֮
ʶһɨɫּ䣬һĪϢͻкﾹ㡣
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Ļܴ䣬֮⡣
Уʥ˫ͫ˸δо轹֮⣬Ҳ֪Ƕֱ죬˼֣֮úãѡ
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һ뿪ף̣ɴ䣬û˿ˮиУǺɫֿʵڲħ
˵ˣһټ׷Ĳ֦ܿΪˣҲȥ
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УɫħʱһӰֳ֮һ֮
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˫ͫѪ֮ɫ
ʱ֦ϮħӰ΢֣צһӣĪɷֳǧ֦䡣
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ԽǿΪǿᣬңԶϹʱҹ֮˵˵ҹѣʵɱһ֮
νĴڡ
ʱħӰͨ˫ͫ˸ǰˣеͳȸһѪͳС棬Ϊӽޣߡ
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ҹϰԣǵĸ
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ʥ˱˴˻ԥΣʥҹɱ¾أҹ棬ڣ֣ǲһս˫ͷȥΣ
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ЩأƺǳϽ裬ʥԽԽ棬ھҹע⣬֡
ʱ輫ٷУʶڷ羵֮ϣʱķ羵˸ֶ
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ǵڶָ봫󣬺޹
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Ψеͷ뿪


141 ħӰҹ
Ӱոճף֮Ƭ̣Ӱ˸˲佫ȥ·סצӼ䣬̫
Ŀ˸ԽԽأ̫֮󾡽޹ǰ֮ˣɣʵԳԪӤڣ
ħӰƬ̣ɺͷ촽Ŀ¶ѪâԴܵϵ֮壬ӵϵ֮һ˿֮Դ
˵˴ĿԽԽ֮ﴫ
꣬塪ˡ
δʧħӰںϣһħ˲䣬御ԱǣһоԽھʵ£
ɱ¾񣬱ŰռԺ
ʶ֮У֮ӿɫˮֱʡ
Ƥհʹһɫۼ׳βޱ賤˫ָͻأ䳤弡⣬ͻأͣջһʯ㡭
һоڱ졣
һ̬Ϊҹ֮壬ɱ¾ԣ
ͷϣ˫ǽ˿̣꽥ħǣɡ
һɣǵ֮꣬ħСռʱܱ飬΢΢һϢ֮Ƭ
̶һϢѣʱΪһ֮״ͬڻ֮УӦħ˼
Ȼħ֮ʱͻǰһ˿ħȼ֮ħڴ֮󣬾ȼա
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ţٴλħΧſռ䵴һȦͣϷ
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һǣһ㣬ħƬ̣仨ϣһħӰֳͷ˫ǣڼױ鲼һСҹ档
ڴ֮£꣬Īɫ
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ͷΪʱûģҲ֪кЧʱ˵أ֮ʣ롣
ΪȻҪɣáĿ¶ϣ΢˫ۣзһϢ˫ͽȻŭ֮
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ʱʹ۸ΪңħʶռݣһƬģȥɱ¾Ű⣬Ǳ
Ҫɱ֮꣬㲻
ɽ֮䣬ʥ˾Է䣬վħӰ˴ɫء
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Ӱһ磬צһӣԪӤ˲仯Ѫ꣬δβһɨκηԪӤǡ
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ٶȣʥ˸δӦȻѹɫأһǰһţʱ˿̣š
ħӰҹǿƣܷ񣬺ܱŰҹΪɱ¾ʵ顣
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ټ˼ڸ£ɱһ˿ѣиУɱΪԼأǣձħɡ
˽֮£ҹҲͳ֮

ʥɫһŨŨļɵȸϢʧأħӰҹ棬֪ܷսʤģܾ塣
ԭҹǱŰϢ
ಫ
ӰźҹԭأϢҴϢմһ˿ʹ֮ŭ
Уͳﴫ
Ҫɱ֮꣬㲻񣬵ŰɣȻδá
Ƭ̣ͳٴδ
𣿡
ҹ˫۾â˸Ǵ¶ĪЦ⣬Ѫɱ¾񡭡
ʶǹɼᶨǹɹִҹħӰ£֪øΪĮ
ʱԼ衣
㻹СҶϤˣ֮
ҹ棬ɱ¾ʣĻꡪˡ
һŨŨţǰħ˵Ψһͬٴ˵໻衣
һҹΪңʹŭ֮쳹ء
ۼףβ˫ǣһվԶ˫΢գǴѪ
Сռ䣬ع顣


142 ɫ
СУϥ䣬Ŀ仨֮ϣһСҹ֮ƣתϸϸȥܼҹɫۼף࣬Ȼǰ¡
ˣɫԻǰ֮ʣֽٺ֮Уǿħ꣬ǰҲţ󣬱Ϊ϶
ϾСΪأǻΪС֮ҹ̻꣬ǲɣǰᣬ˳֮
Ȼԣûܡ
֮ٴƿضȥƬ̣ɫһ䣬ϸϸ˰ΣٴθȥһʱɫԲ԰ףϥ䡣
Уϲǣϲǣһֱõ⣬ڽ
ȫߣֻҪƿضȥӵҹһ
Ҳ˵ʵУҹϵ壬ֻɳһҹ鱾Сع鱾ҹСع
˵ͬԣʵԽһ󲽡
ǵǣħĿǰԣδɢҲ˵ÿҹпܱħ귴ǡ
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ʯһ˿˿ɫ壬ƶȥڴ֮£΢ҹۼףۿɼٶȣָ
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ˣĿһͷħ꣬Ŀǰԣ𲻹ҪΨлɫ
Ŀǰԣɫһ
ãϥ䣬ḧڻϵͷţͬʱʯ飬ϲ
ˣ飬ʧռʱЭʣں޻飬ʧƽ⡣
оĿ¶ϣ鼫ּۣ䣬ɫֳԣٴ飬ѭڼʱѶѻʮ֮ࡣ
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֮һ仨꣬ɫ󻺻ڣգ仨ɫδȫǺɫΰ롣
ˣ貢δ٣Ŀ¶ϲ⣬Ĳ²ûҪɫ̥Чѳϡ
ϾҪȫɫ̥ȻڴѪѪݴϢ֮˵٣ɫǲܡ
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ͨػͨԪӤһɿɿϾ˼ױڡ
ģսʧ㣬ػڣΣ뿪ٴ£Ϊһɽ䣬˸ɽϥ䡣
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⣬ħֻ飬ЩΪ֮ʵЧ󣬹ϣ̫ǿͬڶԣԷڣвͬ
ҪھŲ㣬Щǲ²Ͼٴ뿪Ϊڰ˲㣬ˣʱ̼
ȥΪĿ꣬;Упܣ˳貢û
ţ轫ǰһһɨȥƬ
Ʒܶ࣬ȥмʯ⣬֮ﲢ࣬㣬豾ͲڴϾʮɽ֮ΪΪޡ
һֳΪ֮
棬֪羵кηӦԴڴὫ룬Ƭ̣羵˸һâ˸


143 
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Ŀһڰ˲㡣
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֮ؼº谵ڰ˲㣬󷨱ۻңз羵ָĿǰ߹
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ЧԲͬһʱƾŷ羵崫󣬵ڶ棬ָʣ棺һ˲㣬һĿȻ
費˼Է羵أΪĺ棬ָо羵ÿһǽŲأ򿪡
һеĴ𰸣Ψо澵Ӿۼ
ѹɻһӣмʯֳ֮һƬѪҺΪϬ֮Ѫﰲúú˫һɫֳ
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һоɽУΪİĴڣɽΪʦϾͷţΨһĽʶѡ
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һ轫һмʯóڻϬ֮Ѫ㣬м䣬ƾնʱ˸ߣγһŹַš
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һҧǹִʯ࣬һβɣΣβɣΣһλɹ
ʶ߶ȼУǿΪǷŰʯϣƬ̣ڿʯ˸һһѺȻ䣬ʯ΢΢źâһĻȻը
ǿĳ贵ĺȦ˵˲أЩǱˣᡣ
˵ٴϥ䣬һѪҺƾն
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ڰ˲㣬ˡ˶ͷ΢㣬Ŀ¶Ц⣬Ϣһɣ˴ҡ
ԣ΢΢ͷδϥָ˰㣬Ľţʱ˫ۻϣ˯š
ĵĲʶ뾫԰룬˯ͬɻָҪԴħսܾδ˯ˡ
ֺ۵ĸо
£Ŀ⿴ȥ΢΢˸ůһУΪ˴ԼԸع硣
ֻǻعһֱųɳ꣬Ҳ뿪
вᡣ
Сӣһ죬ǻģʱ㣬Ѿǿǿ

ڰ˲Уɳ죬ӿƵľ޷壬Ӱϣȥ嶥ļ⣬޷£ͬмˣЩˣееϥ䣬Ψһͬģɫ¡
Խǿ޷壬󷨱Խ࣬˵նȥͽϣͬΣ½֮˶ʮ֮࣬ŵĽʮˡ
ڴһأΪôʥһˣʣˣˡ
봫ףһվɫأĿ˸Ȼʥ
ԭأһ꣬δ¾󣬻ңˣǽ
һ̤ǲ󷨱ãǴ£ã׺䶥
ԥ֮ʱԶ¸Ůһٴγ֣ڷ£ˣʥЦһ£㸣ǳˡ
ʱҷ׺죬һǵһŵ֮֮֮࣬ҲǴʥ׿ȥĿһа̾ʥʧһˡ
һǧ޾ţˣʥһֱǰģδҡ
ʥ˴˴ǧ꣬Ԫѽޣͻƣӹ档
ǧʱ䣬κļ䣬˵ļΪ⣬˴˼Ϊľռԣڽ˵أ֪Σأȴһȴ
һ̤룬û˻ͷΨвǰ
оһˣ֮⣬ͬˡ
ԥãʥĿ¶ϣһ̤Ƭǰ쫷𣬼ˣʥǵһϲ˲ȷ
˲䣬쫷罫ûƬ̣ţʥӰֳ
ڲԶĿ¶Ľ޷ϣÿһбֻǿ쫷磬Ȼġ
У̤߳ǰһͻ𣬵˲ţɫԻǹɼᶨΪǿҡ
콣Ϊ֮˽ʧȥ˴ˣûҫΪߴ֮Ը콣ڱصãĻʦ
ţٴ̤ǰ
޷£Ůü΢壬ܷܷȭΪǣձһҧǰԸӲ嶥ȥ
үүѩΪ֮ˣ콣ͬΡ
ʱ˿̣Ŀأ嶥˭Ҳû⣬ããɳĮ֮ϣһӰٷ
Ϊһ꣬ž޴«˾ȵǣ겢ֱ߶ƣ֮أ˴Ȧӡ
ʱʥóϿȥȻʶʥˣɷˣ衣


144 ΪӪ
һ̤ʥǰͻأ쫷磬ˣǵһϲ˲ȷ
˲䣬쫷罫ûƬ̣ţʥӰɣܱߣĿ¶Ľ޷ϣÿһбֻǿ쫷磬Ȼġ
У̤ǰһͻ𣬵˲ţɫԻǹɼᶨΪǿҡ
콣Ϊ֮˽ź˴ˣûҫΪߴ֮Ը콣ڱصãĻʦ
ţٴ̤ǰ
޷£Ůü΢壬ܷܷȭΪǣһҧǰԸӲ嶥ȥ
үүѩΪ֮ˣ콣ͬΡ
Ŀأ嶥˭Ҳû⣬ããɳĮ֮ϣһӰٷ˱ž޴«˾ȵǣӰֱ߶ƣ֮أ˴Ȧӡ
ʱӰͣ£Ŀһɨȥھ޷ɽţ˻ǰУΪԪӤһ¸ŮǺȹ֮һ²⣬ڷڡ
һŮΪģڡ
룬ŮĴ˵أȻ̡
ĿϿȥ޷Ʈ죬Ψɽ֮ϡɼӰɨһۣ費ᣬЩʿУΪһߡ
ǵԣۼףǿһιҹħռݵĻɺɨԪӤڣ֮룬Ҳڳڷ룬ܡ
УҪħ귴
ϾԪӤڣ̥ԪӤʵʰɹɵһſһ١
ԼޣԪӤڣһһĿҲԱǰ£ԷΪͨԪӤͬޣ롣
ϽԣԪӤʿ࣬һۼڴɣǿУϽڷ֧ɹˣʮɽȵء
һЩûɣԪӤʿҲһˣһЩСУŽԪӤڡ
һʼŲףԼֻ̤Ѫع飬ǽŲһֶѡ
Σɡ
ھ޷һ軺Уÿ̤ǰһҪǼϢеĵط˼һ㣬⻹ɽš
ļ룬ԶĿ⣬˴ɫأڻħֻ仯£ԪӤڴΪڷŮӣϸƬ̺ɫһ䣬ӾȻδ
Ƭ̣ŮӲᣬϾ޷ɽţ󷨱˵ȲϷϣǿףֿͬס
ʱһʯ䣬һʿ
֮ߣɫΪء
֪һ󷨱ΪĶ࣬Щʱ޿̲ٱ仯һϢ䣬Ϊʯһ̣ܱܿ
羵ҲԹââԽǿǰԽǿÿ̤ǰһҪȡ
ʱ̤ǰһʱͻأֳУһٶȲ죬ȴ£֪ˣ
һ󣬺«΢ҡΣһ˿̷ɳٴһӹ̺󣬵Ϣɣ˫ϥûʱ
˲䣬΢ҡΣһ𣬴תΪ򣬲ϳǰУմػָƽ̹
һɫأԥú󣬼ǰУƬ̣һʯ䣬ɫ䣬ۼӲ
֪һʯΪġ
ʱ仺ֹһꡣ
ԽԽߣٶȴԽԽڷ嶥ˣ붨㣬һ˼һ֮ãУǼʮ֮
빭֮أͬʮףʮףϸС󷨣ȴǧ֮࣬ʱߣջҪ̤Уһ֮⣬ֻҪһ˿һ仯
ٶȣԽԽˣ羵Уâ˸ͣÿһ˲䣬
ӿʼıܹһֱڣҪ㡣
һ㣬Ų㣬ʶüΪΪûţ±ʧɲǰ
ˣȥ
Ϊ鲼ԶԶȥһʯ񣬵ʶһֱŷ羵â˸ͣɫͬȲͬԼס
һ֮⣬ڷϣϣһųƮ䣬Щ辡Ҫ㣬һֱжԷ羵â߲ա
㣬ѧ󷨻µĻ󷨣ͬȼ£Ȼ𣬼һߣʥҲϾ˵Ҳ㣬Աܹף̤С
Ҳ˵ʼգףľӡ
裬̫С㣬ټСļѣס£ӲģȻ޷羵ʶΪ㡣
ӣŽһգ˫ĿǰһУΣһģ׷ĳȥ
һŵɫ£δΣ˲仯ҽ˾ģ׸һ̣ɫͬʧʼգǱߵɾţͻδ°㡣
ɫ糣ǰ׷һӣ׺󣬷֮ʱƵƵһ˷ɳ˲
쫷磬˻У䣬ռڶ
Ŀ˸δͣ£ļźǰһ
ǰŵ׽ڵŲ̤֮ʱ˾ǣͻأʧٴγ֣֮أ֮ǻס
Դˣɫ䣬ٴʮ󣬵ռڶ̤ȥŲڿУͦһϢˣ̤¡
һ̤ޱʱյļΪ׼ȷҴһ·˵Σķ󷽶ԣȫ֮أϾеĵطưȫһͬѡ
һУƼΪ򵥣ȴ֮á
Żߣ빭֮أԽԽ
ǰףһɸߵĴʯһСʯг΢΢ҡҷֻУһСݣǷ羵صĹӡǡ
ӡǣ²⣬ܿʥ˵ģ칭
ڴʯǰŲͣ£Ŀأ꣬ǰף㲻Ϊڷ羵У˴ʯ֮أâΪ˸費ǣ˹âƶ
Ҳ˵˴ʯΣʼգǾˡ
Ҵӹâ˸̶˴ʯΪڰ˲㣬ֲĴڣǺΣ費ʱ˼š
ռڶŵף쫷磬µıڴʯΧ鲼
˾ţٴγ˼һ˼һ֮У嶥ˣǾʮףɽУʣˣŮԪӤʿһˣΪŮ
ŮӿĺÿŮߴ֮ʱŵ׺䣬Ů۾˸âŮӰƿռ䣬˲һ
һ˵Уȴܿס
Ůּ䣬һֻˣŮЩطŮƿأӦж
ˣṴֻ̊ףԽضѡ
Ů˵ԱӲŮɾŲԪӤھ䣬ҷڣҲòΪӪɴò˵漣
˰֮ʱδ޷һߣΪ꣬ɴڣڴڰ˲㣬ֲ֮ء


145 
ȳ˼üͷ壬ּѳˮʶһֱŷ羵ϣֹâ˸Ψһâǵ˸Ҹۡ
Ҫʼգ˿Ⱥ̤֮ˡ
һº󣬳ȥǴʯ⣬ѽܱ󷨱㣬Ұ룬ıӦǺڶһڶΪ޴ֻҪ̤룬ﾡɡ
һգɫ¶ϣ˫΢պһ˦ɳ
˲䣬󷨣ǰףױ鲼ͻһ׳أ費Ϊ䣬ײδʱ
һ٣ͻأʧ̰֮εض¡¡ɲʧ쫷𡭡
ѭգʯ֣ɲ
һʱ󣬱ԽԽңʱӳ֣УԽԽţһ󣬺ڶֳ
ʱ˫һǰһ̤˲䣬ڶɣƬ̣ͬʱֳ󣬺Ȼ£ĿĲ裬ǿռڶ
ˣڶ
ĬϢɳ˲䣬ͻأٴγ֣Ϊһ
ˣһ֪ǰΣķһ
ʵҪʯ¶ԱϤѣԽǵĲǿ뿪
ԲŻ˾һĻΪˣľĻ󷨻ҡ
֮·;жٶȿ࣬ʱڴʯǰͣ£ĿǴСݣһֿժ䣬֣ӳ
ɲǼ䣬׾£һܹף̤Уδͣ£ͬʱʯɫ䡣
£ʯ֮ӦǾ޴ڶףĿΪ˱˴ģԼȫˡ
Ȼ羵˸֮㣬ڴˣǾ޴ڶ
䣬ʯ˿ʯɫٱڣϣڶɫ֣˲仯һƬӰ
֮ʯ쫷磬ռڶӰϣԱû
Ŀ¶âٻӳһ̤һãǰңΪ˵Ⱥһ
¹â˸Ӱʵ飬Ӱʱʧԭء
һΪ͡
ɽ£â˸Ӱֳ˵ŷ嶥򼲱;Уɨ֮һ˲Ƿ칭
һֻʡ
һ轫Уٶٴɽŵ󷨱Ϊԣ㣬ʶ羵ɡ
ļܣҲɽע⣬ŮΪǰĿ·˱ǾУһͷ
мΪŮӣʱ΢΢һСȻδ󷨣һ·񱼡ŮӱĿɿڴƬ̣ڷɽ֮ľս
ɽ£Ӱˮӣ֮κ󷨱ɣΧϼӴ󣬵ƾǿֲϢĻꡣ
ҲɣŮӺĿ⿴裬СѴ˿ֲ
ţŮӿʼ·Ӱ죬糱ˮ㣬Ҳû߳һ
ܣҡ
·һʿһ⣬ǰ˺΢΢һ·ˣȻӰһ·񱼡
Ƭ̣ɫüΪʣܣôܡ
вʵУԽԽأϾ̤޷ߵ£˼ˣܣǰҲҡ
ͷѹ£иϽѣһ֣سꡣ
ʱ輫ٿ񱼣سʱĿ΢󷨱һߣ˼Ŀǰٶȣǳ嵽嶥ӰҲδ׷
س꣬ԪӤʿسꣿ΢΢ĶƬ̾ѹ£Խʿʱһɨ뿪
ʿΪڣس֮£˳ȣԪӤڣˣҲǸ
ϾԪӤڣһս
ѣұ֮ɹ㣬ʿɫٴһ䣬ѣ·Ӱֲܿøǣɡ
ȥ׺ʿɫһԥƬ̣һ㣬ѧ輲ܶȥ
Ӱ֣󷨱٣ʿſܡ
һ쫷ٿһŵ䣬ʿ˲仯ҽǰͷɻ󣬺ܲʣΪνڿܣԪӤС
ͷһˣŮͬʿǹͷȻ޴档
ʱĿɫ΢䣬ӿбɱ󷨱
²ٴ⣬Ƭ̣²Ϊǿң·˵ܣܵĹ켣ܹ졣
Сһһ֣³ɣΪȳϣǰ֮£׷Ů
ɫ糣ҲŮһۡ
ŮӼĿɱ˸ǲϸ
󷨱Ī˵ʶҲɳڣֻҪ뿪ԭأ֮
Ȼ£˵⡣
ʱڼʮ׺ŮĿⲻɲһ⣬ص֮Ƽ䣬ɫֳ괩
Ƭ̣Ů˫ͫŴ򼣬֮ûǰ߱ʱУŭ졣
ٶȲʮʱ˫ֿ˦
ˣ󷨱˵ץܷ񿹹ǱҲδ֪ǣڴ£ɿ񱼣мΣ׽Ǿһס
ӶȻرŮӺǿ϶ʿⷽһָ𣬵ڴ˴޿κΡ
Ƭ̣ԽŮӣɣĿĲŮӣ·ӰǰӰʱٶҲͣƬ̡
ɱԼ£ʱˡ
ڼʮ׺ϷŮѣѩ
ɫ䣬ᣬƬ̣ɴֻҪѩϷ嶥ѩԸꡣ
˶٣ƴвᣬμƹ
˲֮ܡ
ԣĿ΢ΣеѪңһ̸˻һŮ΢ʱٴδ
ƹ㣬ѪҲ㣬Ҫүү뿪ŮҧһüģһѪƮǰ
ĿⲻɲһŮĸɴ࣬Щϣ˼Ƭ̣һ㣬Ůȥ;Уʶ羵ɨȥһ
Ůǰһף赥һ㣬ѪԽƮ䣬ʶǶȥڸӦ
Ƭ̣һƿŮ֮΢İＸŮǰһ֣ϱȥ
ƹ
Ůü壬Ӧ֮£һҪүү뿪˵ء
貢俴
Ůҧнһۺݸ衣
˵󣬸ȥʱ·
׿ȥӰѽŮǰһ޴º̣һʱ侹ӰӲ
迴Ƭ̣ˣǺ̲赲Ӱʤڹ㣬ӲϢѣˣв˼ĿƣŮ䡣
ΪȹһС


146 ף
㡪ʶ𣿡Ľѩ˳С
貢δɳ˼
羵ΪأÿһںϣٴμӴиУһ㣬羵ΪҪͬˡ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ʵҲãģھŲռŮӵܡ
£һΣһ
ϾڣҿӰǣƣǲܡ
Ҫ룬ԼӰٶȡ
費˼ʱĽѩü΢壬ˣ飬ŮӾʶȣ迼ǡ
չУɽףϤ˴ǰ׷ҪҲ
Ƭ̣ĽѩЩȥߵҪȣǰ㣬ʶɨ룬˲Ƽ֮ԶֻһΣõĻҪһˡ
ϾΪ֮ȥ⣬ãˡ
˼·ϣԴĿŮΣóʶȴɨȥʱӦϸϸ̽顣
Ƭ̣ʶջأŮĿ⣬ŨŮΪˣĺ֣ȲˣŮ֮£ҲֲŮдҲ˵
㣬κ˽ˣϾʵڹھˡ˲ơ
˵صҡ
һ·ȥܹһ󷨱ɫأƹԶ˲ƣΪףٶϣ迼ǡ
ҪǣŮһ̣Ҳ˵ٱӰһ룬ϾΪĵֿҪɱڣһɡ
Ůͣ£ͬʱҲ󷨡
ϷĽѩĿ¶мߣֻʮףԥȲȣ治ˡ
ʱ仺޴ӰУŮӸû壬ٶȻˣ˫ż䣬ӰڸǣϢ䣬ϥǡ
ȭδжӰûʱʶɨӰһٴγ֣Ůףδǰһһһģһֳ
Ϊħֻ֮һʱ̣ܶûκ
ʶһһץŮӴ֣˦ȥ̣ӰǷ赥һų󣬼뿪
һ򼶾ֵܵӰϼϢ֮ʡ
ʱĽѩĿɿڴУ˳·ԥ˴죬ھ֮ʱֻ¸һܣˡ
֮ʱǰɨӦСѱǣϷȥ
ɵԥʱ㹻ģֻ¸㵨Ҳ̫СˡĽѩ̾
δţʶŮӴƬ̣ҳ羵С
ʱ羵ϣʶһɨüͷ΢壬źܸܶ࣬ӦһַգǼ֡
ʣ֮䷣
һٶȲδͣ£֪Ӱ׷֮̽ʱ
ɽ󷨱ԽԽ࣬ѵ˱޿ɱܵĵزٶΪߣٶȱֲӰһ֡
үү˵̤ɣһ壬նħħ׷֮ģ㣬ѩ޳ɣҲˣѵҪ
ΪԱ£̤ջħ

ŮੲݣڿٶȷŻһתֽ
ôˣܰ
Ӱ׷ˡ
죬ٳɫһŭ⣬ٴǰС
ǰ֮·ͬɽţȲһֲѴﲽҪ㣬ȫı
ŮСڣٲҶԣУ£ǵ٣ΪĶ࣬·Ӱֲֲ꣬ͬ
ǣ֣һϣԽԽߣ嶥󣬽Ϊǰס
Ϸˣʥʥ죬׷ߣ˸Ӧ·춯׿ȥɫԾ

УΨʥΪǵħӰŰ軺гȥǼɵ
ʥʥʮԶ֪ʥо⣬ʱһ۲գĿ·ٶȼ֮죬·Ӱ
ʥüͷ΢壬Ƭ̣ɫ䡣
·Ӱˮ֮ۺûƾ˵㣬ʥɵ֣мУ·Ӱнܡ
ӰպڶһڶĪԵ£ѲʶҴﲻɺ󣬲ϳɳսһϹ֮ʱƺޡ
һƶĺڶڶʶһֲڣϾ̣κηκη
ʥͷ亹ðһģ˼õһ̤£ͣ
ѩ׷΢΢һڿ·Ӱɫ䣬ʶԽд󺰣ѩߣ·֮Ӱ𡣡
䣬裬ϽСѣˣϷһ飬ƣ죬¶㵣
Υԣı
׷ʵΪһۿͬٶȺܿ죬˵̤УһС
ϧΪԣϾУ֮ҫȥ콣⣬Ľѩ
ŮŮһ¶ʮǰʰȴ߾أ˾꣬ӵдߣʮ
һԣرӵ콣ܽˡ
ΪˣϧŮرأһʮ꣬콣֮£ɳ
һУΪơ
ֻԣһ˿ӦɻУϾӣšڴĽѩȥƹ⣬ǴŮѪ֡
ٴǰʮףŭ
С㾹δɫϱ仯պá
ʿһ٣ٶľܾɱ죬ͻһˣϱͯϷˣ㣬Ҫܻ֡
㣬Ϊһڸ֣ƿɽܡ
£Сʿδ˸á
ɱ̫ˣĥһͷ֮ŭ
ЦѣĿɱ࣬Ƿ֮Ű⡣
СǧϷ򡪡ζġ
ŰﴫĿ΢ٶȲδͣ£ʱھ뽪ʮͣ£ֱ
˫ȴŽ죬ĿУ֮
һվϷʣֻЦ
찵ŭԴ̤ںǰұŴݵġ٣˵ʮɽϽ塣
ʥֻһ
Сʿȴˡ
һ󣬽Ҳ˵¶ĪЦݣЦУһ˿ɭ룬ٶȣЩɻ
СǿϷ򲻸Ҷ㷽еʶɸǰף
һվ֪Цѣ֮;˻ãϷڣԭزƾҲɽ
ˣδڴǰϾԣ˽⣬թ֮£ӲӲԣ񼤽֮ڵģá
ңɡ
ճǣŷŮ粽
һס
ס
ס


147 һ澵
ھ뽪ͣ¡
ȾȵģĽѩʱС΢ţۣǲţڽ죬ܾ¡
ڽ󣬴нӴǷ챣Ͼ߾һۿ
ɵͷգǰ̣ڼ㣬ôôĽѩ̾˶٣Ͻߣͷδ
費ΪǼЦŨԽʵ̣̣㹻ţʮ̣ر
ʿ磬·ߣڴ˵أȷڸΪֲ
ӵз羵ټ㣬˵󷨱֮죬Ϊһˡ
˵аַþŵƵƵ֣޾ڶҪںεأǺεأȻͼ
˵ˣǱֹɣϤϾ˵صıǱߣʵڲ硣
еʶϷҲò㾴壬Ȼˣ°ɡЦƬ̻צֱץ衣
ˣɫ䣬һһֳδӳڿϷʣųڴֽǰʱһ
ɲǼ䣬ʧ֮ɫ£һצ˲һж˿ʶ˫ۿȥǾ
Ƭ̣аһٴλצץȥΣıȽϿ죬צһףͻأֳڶˣ˵ٴжʶ
ɻ𣬰˵󷨱ɸӦϷ֮ͼӣΪÿνǸ߼
ڽ˼֮ʱ趯ˣǣĽѩּ䣬ʹӳʱŵף޾ڶԶ
ܱ֮һƬңʱץȡ֮ģΨеģľս
ԣĽѩŵԽԽֱĸоΪ˿ɱܹ󷨱ӣܹһؾ޴
뵽ˣĽѩۿ裬й𣬰ܶ࣬ˬ죬֪üӣвУ
ǲҪҡ
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ʥһֱѰҴĺģָо·ϣдȫ
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һ˦軺뿪;УǷ伸ʥ
ΪҲֻ֪죬ʥΪĿֲϾ˵ʵԷ񣬵ֱӣʥǸ
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УĽѩ߲ɲΪȡ󣬻ȥʶ羵С
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ŲԻǰʮ׺ʶֳһ룬羵
ϣâ˸ֹŲߣƬ̣Ŷȥɫ
澵ӷϢ࣬ȴԵھŲ㣬Ľܣһ㣬Ϊһ¯Ի⣬һ
һ콣˽Ϲţ̲֮ߣħն¡
ľͷļޣΪ̫Ͼ顪أһо
칭˹Ϊأӵ֮ӡʮһ̫飬Է١
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һǼɵڶ̣ƽ⣬Զһ
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һƬڣĿ⿴ȥϡɼǹ˸վڰգȴʧ֮С
ھŲΪһǿա
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ΪǹΪ˸ʱĽѩһָǰ
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ոմǹ⣬ʶУŭ֪һδͣԽǹ⣬ڹϡ
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149 Χɱ
ͷ˫ǣ帲ۣ˫ĿУΪɫ֮ɱ⣬һ޹
Ŀ⿴ǰһצһ벱ץצУ˫ͫâ˸գԴһ˿һ˦֡

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ͬʱҵĴʹһ꣬裬Ǹо̣һԲħܿΪβܿ
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ˣһϲȸ򷨾˱֮ǣʥ˵̣ڼޣģϾǰԡ

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150 ػ
һǰһ󣬿粽ȥʥĿģϣȡ֮׷ĿģĽѩѰȥ֮·
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ӰһͷڷɫĮ˫ͫ䣬ɫ˸֣Ϊһֻɫ֮ʣһֻʣȴŻͻ


151 ֮䷣
һɹ֮ǻļ䣬Լ꣬Բ
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뷨ǵʥͬ롣
СҲܶƿءǹŪɡɭٴιڴһأ˿ɾȡ
ֻδ˵꣬Цּ䣬ɫëƾնֳ˲Ϣʧڽϣɫƾն䡣
ꡣ
һףýۼ飬ѪĽ
ʹ˺ѷεʹֱ꣬ΪȹʹǧδˣʹиǷˣڣһСĽڣƿغҲԼˡ
һУʵ
ܡ
ҫϣκͷȥΨͷر뵽μ棬ԼԳԱǹɲ֮⣬Ũ
һɽܾڶΣвΣ󷨱ϷŪΪĴΣҲһΣ׺䶥޿ɿ
һСʿΪ
ҡҷٴλڿգţͬҲ
ˣЦŨֺʣƵƵһΣΪһ֡
ճŷ˲Ϣֱڴ֮£Ϊɢһлع塣
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вţԽԽŨ֣ΪצΪ壬ʧ
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ֻĲûãԱ壬ǿУɫٴ£֮ǹ˺ѷ֮Уٴ
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ӽթƲˡ
˼ʥΣ¶ͰЦ⣬ǳཻһʼգҴδ㡭ֻѺ֮δһ˿仯
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һȴݵʥҲ죬ں֮£ϳ鴤ÿһ鴤ѪƤȻģΪӰ죬˿١
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ĿĮкʳһһֱǧͣʣ֣ⷽھŲס
Ҳ˵УԷΪΪ죬Ų࿹򡪡޿ɵ
ȱݣΪ䷣֮ƿΨ˳ʹ
׿ȥĿɿڴϾһʿּ䣬ȴڸֺ޻֮һĻʵԽܡ
ĽѩС΢ţأΪĺˣڰ׷ߣȥǷ⣬ǰĲ²⣬ӻȥ֮
ɫ糣׷ɫӣԿΣȥŵصɡ
ԣ׷һ΢΢ͷֻ޹¶һ˿οЦݣ֪ʳԣµԼûƾ档
ջĿ迴ǰв˼ǰڸʷʱмأʲɴŲǷĸС
ʴûΪܣҲʩչԶԴûڴĸץһ˿
ĸ
ѵǷ羵
˵Ļĸʲô
ĵȻ䣬Ŀһǹţ㣬һо
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ĸΪ羵ĻӾ羵ںϣĸ翪һ硪
ԽԽΣĿ⿴ˣʣļ澵ӣʥ뽪ϡ
ףĮ
ճߴим֮⡣
С㲻ΪһڣϷ򡭡
δ˵꣬һ֮ײ£ŭʹ຿У迴ʥĿԴ
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ˣʶɨ˼ۣδ󣬾ڴС
ֻ֪ʥʱ뷨׵䣬ʥʹʥУԺ׺ܼɵȴ֪˺׽ʹ࣬ǿ
ˬ콻ȥʹ⣬һ
ӦںϺĿڽϣ㽻
䡣
ɫ£ȥʹ֮⣬ˣɫ䣬ɨǰ֣ٻٵʱʹУ֮
ˣϷ򽻡
Ŀ΢ףƬ̣һ澵Ʈ䣬̽ٴڴУʱ첻֮Сֹ
СһգϷҪʹ
ɫ΢Ҳ죬ּ䣬ٴƵƵʶֳһ˿羵С
ᣬϣȴһηš
һŲҲһ֮֮ΪҪƿأΪ˾Ϊ羵֮ںϡ
ڶмǵǹƿطǹ֮ڡ硣
ھŲǿ¯ƿط
Ҫʵƿأ⣬羵֮ͬɿأۣĸٷ֡
ϢǻϸϸʱȻ䣬Ϻâ˸ͬʱ˫ĿԶ
ʥӰ˸ɫΪ£󣬴ͻأһڣƬָ̻һĻĿ⣬Ψ裬ɫ
ǰĺڰ޽ˡ
ͬʱʥӰۿɼٶȣʧڰ




152 
ǿУһƬ֪ΪΣһɻϢɫأʥӰʧ󣬱˴ɫ䡣
Ӱˡ
пһеͷ
һһָʥˣˣס
˻һʥ뽪챾;ɫΪľʣ˵ԼܷסܣһСʿкǲʡ
Ͼͳʮɽʿ㱻Ҳ˳ϣʮɽϽһˡ
ʱ˵ȴһΪߣ𵤶ѣСʿźףǺףʹʹ
ɫĮӺ˰ףٵ㹻ʱ䣬ҿǣӰס䣬кٶһƾն
ʥĿ˸ͣΣԵͷˣ΢⿪֮ӡ˰ףϥ䣬ʶ羵
뷣֣鲼ȻԤʥ˶
ʥ뽪컥һۣŭӽթ⿪ӡɵˮ©ţֱӰȥ
˴ӰɵֿӶʱ䵹Уȥӣ˼ȻǺ׺䶥˵ӣʱ䣬ҲȥһƤ֮ʹ
ڼͬʱһһһۣĿŭУǹ޿κΣͬС
֣֮¡
İɣ¾ڶУϷҲ˵δ氡ǺСӣϷлᡭĿ¶âһ䣬ջû˵
ǲ룬ʶĲҡ
ǰֻʶ˵Ǻ׾ͲҪǮ£˵
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ʥͬΪɵȴܿ϶صĶȷڴϣ԰ʱ䣬ܴԭڴǿӰ
ϾĿ֮һδ
ʱ׷ߣɫԽԽɨۣаԾ壬ܴӵһ̤ھŲ㣬ȥݴ֮⣬ĻǴԡ
ǽ¸ɴ࣬ƾһ˿̣˼䣬߿Ƽ򵥣ߴһϾҪɱ̫򵥡
׷ߣӵ֮£Ը߼ͨߣţ£Ǽٵġ
Ӧۣڴ𣬰أѩȥǲܡ
ȥ֮·ǴӴһһߣʱӰڴˣԵ졣
ѩסȥŲ飬Ϊˣɵʯ֮Ҳɽ񣬽ǡ
֮һпĺ壬ˣǰٷְɱ򣬲ɵΪֻҪһɼʣ£Ĵۣ췭ظı
ԽĻʾá
Ľѩ˸ĿŰ裬صͷ˽⣬˺أܳ룬ڰ˲㡣󷨱ٵڣڸ֣һ
һУ֪
ʱʥˣڽڰˣҲǵʵ赲Ӱǲͷѡ
ֲӰǿջһ壬ۿȥƣκϢУԻڰ
ӵͬʱʥɨǰʧڰУӰǿգʱ·ӡ
ȴӣΨʱ䣬ϾΨһǣӰģꡣ
ֻ˵Ĳ룬ҪӰ
ʱɫԽͺް취ҷǴ򿪵ǹ⡪硣
ҲƼΨһ֮;ĸںϣʱ羵Ų֮
ֻǾ꣬ʱ̫
ʱ仺ʥԽԽ󣬶ʱǰâҫƬ̣¡¡𣬾ֹпʼٶ죬ΧС
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һĻʥˣͣ£Ӱڴһ̣ٶҲһ

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˲Ϣ䣬зΧȶ޴зֳһʥƲȣмٶȥ
ֲӰǿ֮£Ҳīˮ㣬һ˿˿ȥ
˼䣬Ψһ裬ʱɫһ䣬һ㣬ȳĽѩԣסƣ׷˫΢գ̤Ե£˫ۡ
СѣϷʱ޶ְ࣬ɡ
үүĽѩɫһ䣬˵Խܣɫ΢Ƭֻ̺ɿ
һɿӰжȥοЦ
СѣѩС¿꣬лᣬϷϣһ֣ллˡ
ĿӰСʼգδִĽѩҸ£סɫüͻȻ䣬еͳ
ѿĳŵɡ
룬
ּ䣬â˸һֱ˶ֳո壬ָϽȥǰ֫Ŀ⼫˸
ģࡣ
ѣĽݺʦʦã롭ȴһһ뿪ȥˣĽݺȥˣʦֲ֪εأҲҪˡ
΢΢ȴţУܲᡣ
벢ֻǾһһ߹һδιͬսͬᡣ
Ƭ̣һҧ룬ļǰȥɡ䣬ַſ弫³
Сӡ
ɫĹĻֱ·ͻһ׹ǰ㣬ٶȺܿ죬ϢԽʥˣƬ̣һâԽٷ
貢δʧ䣬Ƭ̣ڹâʱɫһâͣ£Ϊһ
Сӣ˴Ҵʥ͵ֱ֮УӰδ룬б߲ϳΣҪСġߴ
üͷ΢壬еĸо·塣
֮ʱ·һڵֳʱһڵۿɼٶȣӲ軺
ڵԽԽԽԽɫأˣˣһڵΪΣͨԺڣΨĿ֮˸â
Ρ
ʣƵƵԽǿնȥ󣬵Ч΢ֺãֺףüһͣٶȸˡ
ˣɫΪ£֪ΪȻѳ롣
ͬʱɭ֮쳹ǿա
Ḵˡ
֮
Ϊ̶ֱ㣬Ľѩɫ԰ף·ٳΣо
壬Ǹô죿
貢ɨ۴롣
ޣΨһģ֮Ŀǰƿ
ҪȥΨд󣬵Լ޵ٶȣԼӡ
²ٴ˼Ƭ̣Ŀ¶ϣʶɨ羵У
Ψһİ취ھŲ֮ǿգ


153 
УһֳͭϹâ˸ֳһУвϱа㣬˫ɱţзĬ
ھŲǿգ
һ֮׾٣ĸۣĸٷ֡
ٶԽԽ죬ʱΪɣڵھŲ֮ܣ
ܹ֮ǿһо鱾Դ
ԣΣ迪
Խ󣬼Ӱֱ衣
ʱͷϸð˵˫۽գ·Ϣȴ̸Ӧǵĺڶֲܿ
֪ʱݡ
ԣĽѩͬޱȣ˵ִҸ£Ӧ֣ѡ
ʱӰѽףʱ˫ĿŵУһӶ˲䣬뿪棬ŷ
ڴ֮£ǿվ𵴡
г޾ĺڰ˸âͻ㣬жתÿתһΣԽʣգǿձ롣
ʱ޻ƣȸӦУˣԵֵǵֿϢС
;У̶벻ʵ֮
裬ԣͬΪأԣĽѩĿгȥ⣬Ǿ壬رÿһ֪У
ͻأģԣһԲɫ£Ľѩ΢ƺĬ
ԽԽʱз羵ŵâֱʡ
ĸ롣
˲Ϣŵâʧз羵ͻҪϳƿذ㣬ˣյĸΡ
ֶȻҪû羵ȥΨһ;
ವһ
羵âʢֱʡ
վ֣Ľѩɷ羵ٳǿա
޾ǿվУʱһӰǿдзֳƬ̣Ӱӻ壬˫ͫâ˸һ缫ٳȥ
֮
ͬʱԹУŲûУһââУƬ̣ĽѩһΪʡ

Ͻ֮أʮɽΪн磬ΪأΪɹأʮɽڣɹΪϽ
ʳλϽ֮أ˵֮ޱߣ˵ˣƼˣԽûмʱ䣬ɡ
ڴʳУɣһʷƾã˵ǰѴڵš̨ڡ
ɽǷ֮أֻЩͽϣȥ⣬ʷϳ˲ѡ
һգʳٵϣһжƥǰΪһꡣ
ֻǳ֮ӣʮ̬׳˶Ҵʮʽ¯࣬˴θʳǣĿΪͽ֮¡
ү·ΪĪ··࣬ҵȻСΪáƥԣΪһüĿѵ
ֻĿ΢˵ͷ˳߽Ըط׼ΪϤҲǴ˴ܻͷԶԴˣмΪ塣
ʢԼΪţδѰ·
磬ûЩˡ
УŮԣֻοһƥеŮΪãС飬ͽ
ϾţͽһΣΪҰţǴ̤֮
ʳҲյ·;̰ɡֻЦοͻȻ䣬Ѷ
үǰˡ
ֻĿһɫԴܣһ·ǰУԿв·ɽһ
ԼգΪš
ʱٵ֮ϣӰֳԽԽֻҲˡ
¶ʮͷ̲£̬޳ӱӰȥ֮ˣΨһ˵ģ˱һ޴«

ʱƥԣֻһǰꡣ
һۿȥֻоϢĮ겻֮ɽϸϸȥ֮ʱǹĮϢ֪ʱʧһƽ֮С
һֻλСֵܣҲȥʳǣͽ𣿡
Ȼ裬ʱ˫۰գ˻תȥΣһͷ
ֻһǰĿӶʱƺ˫ͫ䣬ԾϸϸȥʱʲôҲûǴ𣿻ǳ;·Щƣˣ
ҡͷֻδᣬСֵܣǰȥʳǣһΣ
ճüͷ΢壬δүʢԳոǿǣȴ֪֮ն񡣡
ţǰһĿ¶â迴Сֵһ˶ߴ·ʶˣ֪մ
ԣɫ䣬Ц裬Ǹʳǡ
Ŷ˼ͷʱֻһȭֵֻȻҲǲμͽ磬һΣ
Σ΢Цͷ
ֻˬһЦˣƥ֣ɣ
Ŀ΢δԹҡͷʱһ򣬵ܼ򵥣㡣
һģƼΪƽУȴһ˿գȻӦǳˣް
ֻ˿ɱ裬Դˣ貢δᣬʧ
˷Ŀ΢ӲգһҰ⣬ʶȴǲţԻյĻ赣ǡ
ƥٴ·ֻԽ̸ѣرǶ޴«Ϊ棬Դˣ̸Ц˵ԼΪҩ֮ˣ«Ϊװҩá
˿ɻ뾯ټ֣գȴҩˣҲɽʹΪεʶΪζҰ⡣
Ͼ·ҩУһ
˱˴˽̸;Уѯҩ֮ȻСڣڲǧѰҩȻشĳ
Ҵ˵ݣȷжţֻǴδѣˣҲϿҩְ֮
˴ãѯʵ֣ţΪҴ֮Ը֪Ϊţ
ֻĿ¶ڴ֮⣬֪ţ֪ܵΪţ̨ڣΪʳ֮ɺơ
ԣ赭Цͷȴ˼
뿪Ų֮ãչɽ䣬ԻΪ𵤳ΪȲڡ
ֻǻԻÿһڹʵΪʮöһʵժȡʱ輸꣬豻Ƴء
⣬ϵʯһգҹƲδԭȻҪħһδɢں
Ϊ赱Ŀġ
ֻ洦Ѱһ꣬ߴɽȣȻͷʱͽ֮£һڴ
ţǵ׷ߵɣ׷ԣſ֮ƣѰйĵ伮
ȻҲ
ι«ͦɰģС㿴
УԴ֮ﴫ


ľ ߳Ͻ


154 Ե
üͷ΢壬ֻԣֹ費Ϊ׵ǲҩУǺ«װҩݣûʲôÿġ
磬뿴ιǺ«Ҫӣˡ
Ů̽СΪΪ֮ŮС飬ǰ꣬˵ˣһλµİգܿĺ«Ķˡ
ɲʱֻüͷ΢壬ĲʶȤв
һߣǽƶѣʱһָֻеˣرǿ裬գһҩУûཻļֵ
Ǻ«ֵǮѾܸˡ
ãֻյ֣«ֻװҩݶѣҪˣٻ㣬ˣգҺ«֣㿴Σ
˵˻ʱֻŪһ¾ӣˣӦҩˡ
ɫɲ䣬ɨֻɫ£ɫҲָ
ȥЩʧ䣬ֻһǰУȥ˽⣬Ǹ˼ϡеƽ
ֻһʧ˵ˡ
һԾ䣬ǰеӣ«Ҳ򣬶֮Եڴ˽ɡ
䣬һڹٵǰС
ˣֻĿ΢ߣһ֣ȻˣСУһ«ѣȻҪһУ⡣
Ͼʼ֮⣬˽ǽƶ
ֻֻ֪Ϊһ˼ֶһ޴ԵϾµΪֻĺ뱲ӣ֮ź󣬸ͬ١
Уʱʧһ˶Уʶ봢С
Ų˵һãΪ
һ羵˾ռƿ֮ʧأѰң룬Դˣ貢
⣬칭ʣƹ׵ãΪء
УһΪɫ˷ڲز迴á
һΪѪɫ̽Ƭ̺˷Ϊʥ֮ΪʥûѪгȥʮǳ⣬ʥðԪӤϡ
һʱԻѪ룬ƿش˷Ҳ˵ʥʥΨеʥ
ӣĿǰʵԪӤڣޣȫɲ·磬ԪӤѰڣһս㲻ʤȫˣӦ⡣
ΨԪӤڣɲԣ̤ԪӤڣ߽𵤴Բһнпܡ
ΪʵԣԪӤڣӵлѪһӡ
УͻȻ䣬ǰףһĿ΢к棬ŲɣƻУһգ֮ʣȴмʮ֮Զ
ʳɢ޲࣬˵ذֻԣѽʳǰš谵ʶɨֻƬ̣ˣһ˿
ħֻֻҪǷڣ˿ɿкţŲУʿҲԪӤڣܿģΨзϹ֡
ʱͣ£ǰٵͣ£ʮ˱˴˽սһɨȥһΪֻˣһһ£Ӧ·
ɱֶΣԷա
ĿתƬ̣һϡ󷽣¶ЦΪһ壬Ϊڡ
ʱĿһ裬Цһ󣬶Լ˷ԸȥΪʵУΪ;·ˡ
Ȼ߹˳ɱˡ
¶Ц⣬ˣȥǷ⣬˽ʳɵϢ
ʱҲᷲˣһɫֳһ̤ϣֱ߷ȥ
ٶȲ죬֮׺˴ɱ֡
ֻɫ䣬ʳնеˣɼƽգһҲδؼȻ£ȴʵʵҪǽŲ꣬һǰһͬС
磬Ǳ«СŮУСȥ⣬ĽƬ̣һڣһʱ֪Ͳˡ
ǽãЩ
ֻһУԱƻΪһ«ǰֻˣͬŨŨĻ⡣
ǧ;糾Ϊ̤ţȻԣֻǱԼ־֮⡣
Ǻ«ȷʵ𡣡ֻпɬ֮Եڴ˽֣Ƿ֮⣬֪Ƿˡ
ʱ·δྪˣǲͷһμͨˡ
Уϰһ㣬ʱԽΪԽߣǳȣϾǰ׷Բԡ
ֻⶨãƷ
ɫ䣬꣬вȴնΨһĿܣΪԼ̫࣬Լһ˿ҲӦ
֮ʱֻкâ˸Ƭ̼䣬ߣȵϢһŵֵǰ֮࣬
Ϊ֮
ʦ
ϣһ򣬵ǰ֡䣬ֹ䣬ǰ׷ԲԵɫ
ֻһ÷֮ģߣã裬һ˿仯
ɱˣ׷Ų֮ʣ̤ɵ֣ʵһУͬ飿û˻ͬ㡣
ͬ飬Ľݺ򲻻
ɫĮʳɣһϢϣС
ԣĿһ˵Ӵó򣬹ͳһУʶȥʱɫ΢
УһĿвɲâһʶ޽У˳Ϊ˾٣ЦŨ
֪СϷΪ̨ӣһʱ֪Ϊ
Ϣѷ̨ǰǰ֪ǼɵţЩǰˣֻһ㡣
Ͼڴ˵ְΪ͵󣬶Ϊ귢滮ȴܡ
Լ䣬̨ɲ͵ɡ
ٵ·ֻˣԲҿҲԷŻ˽¾ꡣ
ʱĿһʳɣϤ
ȥһЩɢ⣬ΪУΪףԭŷڣеڶΪ̨ΪԪӤڣΪڣͬΪԪӤڡ
Ҳ˵ȥ⣬ʳΪԪӤڣ㣬ɻ󣬵תȥҲˡ
Ͻ֮أڣɹʮɽΪʮɽʥӣҲΪڣʳǣһ֮ţԪӤϡ档
ԪӤڣѰڣҼ㲻ʤȫˣӦò⣬ںڣлѪͬ塣Ƭ̣š
Żһħ˼ɺͻƽڣơ
⣬迴ߣΣŵӣ
ɫһ£ǰΪ̨ӡ˵˻֮⣬ɵڵ̨Ҳһʱ䡣
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Ƭ̣Ŀ¶âһ֮
˵Ϊܣһ̨ӣΪڴˣ;˴𣿡ɫԽԽĮ
߸ʶͷٵ·пɬĻ֮⣬ڴˡ
;˴뷲һ
ˣǰҲһʱʱӱ߰Ŀ⿴裬ǰĿ棬ڴˣΪػ󡣡
貢ЦЦĿȥзǰţɴ·
Σһͷ


155 ԪӤмˣ
߹䣬ڼ̤ɽնֻû˿תһ̣Ŀⲻɲ˸
в²⣬·꣬ŵӣҲǱɢޣܿϾĳԴʳ򲻻ʴ֮¡
ߣɢޣ֪֮ǿȻˣϷˡЦ棬ڶȡеλ֡
ʵ߰Բ²⣬ԼߣӦڣϾòᣬӦڰ¡
ʱ䣬еȣѲϳ˵ģ𵤡
̨֮ͽ׿ԽΪ̤𵤣ǵѶ½֮λǴʳ֮ܳһ
·Ŀ΢ӣԣŰɣ֮˵ȷŹ滮֮أ㣬Ӻߵ˵
֮Ƿȥ
貢ɵϾĴ֮أԵΣҲ
ֻҪԪӤڣһӡ
θոƮ𣬶ʱ·ٵ
ǰ
ΪУΡ
ɨȥɫ䣬Ƭ̣к£
ֻ֮ڣʱΪĮ֮ֹüͷ΢壬ˣԸߣȥ
ʧֻɫɬŨ֪ԵԼȴɳ㣬˿˿ߡ
һ֮ָֻʱԼ̤š
ү̤ţǻԵͽлᡭ˰ο۹⣬Ǳ«УͨΪҲ
δܰ£δܵõһ˿㣬ֱ˷Ҫ֪һѰգܿһҲԵˡ
һɣһ̾

ߣԽɽʱһɽͣ£д࣬ﻨ㣬µĿ˱Ƕ
΢ǹ¿˸ӦΪ˹Ũ𵱳ڣԲ֡
Ȼֿܣһ˵֮˵ӵ֧мΪӣһ
˼֮ʱϼ䣬˳ȶУʱһ״ɽ֣ڴæµͣڼߺ󣬾Թ¡
ɫһ䣬ڿ󹤴ߣ׿裬ǰ˿ʮǰȥ⣬±ߣһʯ裬̽󣬵óۣͼʯиʯͳڤʯ衣
ࡣ
ɫ糣ڤʯĿⲻɲһʯжţƷɽ룬мӹ߷ɽӯ֮Ч
Ҵʯݣ
Щע⣬ΨһĶģʯΪϵʯڶ׷룬ʯʤһ
ѹǹڴ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵Ϊܣ̨ӣڴ͵ʯ±𣿡
˵˻ʱֱߣĿ¶Ѵ⣬ڤʯڱصá
һǰǹɵ⣬ɢΨеĸоĿɱ⣬װȫǳɱ¾Ȼɡ
ߵһǰҽǵְ̨ͨ£֪˶ࣿ˵˴оɱŨ
ﳤ˵ǰǰȥʮɽʧ伣æ֮£Ͻ˵ء
Ե̨Ž͵ɡ
ɫĮ˼Ƭ̺ɽͬʱıϣ޴«˲߶ȥ
һΪϵ֮ܿܣ֮ʱѱΨһͷ
ǰΣСʵʵ˵ˡ£ʯ
ᣬڴˣио˵򵥣һеҵʯ֪
һƬʶǿףټΪ֮ٵƮвףʱӦ
һ·УÿһڣʶɨȥãһУӦΪŨϵˣһϲٶٴμӿ졣
ʱһɫ켫ΪĴһһ«ʱ˿˿ɫ鵴Ƭ̣СС
ʯǿڤʯ
ӵдʯҹָ֮ΪĿ죬ڤʯΪʯϵɫĻٶʯһ㡣
ռ軺뿪;оһڣ˳ֽͼʯԼȡЩڵصףҶòռ㡣
ҹ֮壬ָѲ⣬ҵħǣһɫҹʵĿ˸мΪڴһҹ棬Ϊǿơ
ټӵеķԽԽɣӭ췭ظĴ
ʦּˣ֪ΣͷӣӦѰź·ʱůӰ
Ҳͽ·źá
ħս𣬽ļ䣬ȭٶٴμӿ졣
ո߳ڣʱüͷ΢壬Ŀͻأʡ
ʮ̤ʶӦУһͬмʮ˷ɽΧԾȻǴʿͽ
ӣڰ١
СӣϷϷ飬⣬һģߡɱɫΪݣĿ裬Цѡ
һģȽǰʱ飬ѡ
ϷΪףµδ㽻ɰöټ֮Ϸ˽Էȥ΢գ˹
Լһ֮䣬ҹơ
ӲʩӦÿôҡ
ֻ֮ԣδɫ˿仯ʶӦУ޵㣬ΰΧɽȣȻԣԼߣȫǷ֮ԡ
οӣǲУӣţΪҪӣ
ĿӲ񷣬ɫĮɨɽȴ֮ɫ̾ɽﻨ㣬ϧȴҪѪմȾ
ڴ֮£ʮʿξͬ俴ȥ¶ʮͷɫеĿܣеưЦ
ڣĿм߼üͷ΢壬ΣСӣΣ
費Ϊ֮٣ߺɻڣһӲѲʯ٣Ϸһɲɡ
߸뿪ڣʱ赭ţԪӤмˣ˵˻ʱһ˦ֱʣ˲仯ףˡ
Ϊ׷뵱ܹʱʮͼʯɹһͼ׷ԣ㾡Լɵ
ӵл׷ΪмʯҲ൱ڰöͼʯԴ˵ͽףӲҲѣ⻹Ҫһš
ȥʮ˺޿ɿ˲ճɻҽɽȡ
ʼգΪϢ֮ʡ
ʻڡ
ţԪӤмˣ
пһƬ׺䶥оǻûʡ
ţԪӤмˣ
ʻ֮ʮ˷ӭӵǡ


156 
У׹һƬƣƲһأǷҲС
Ψһͬģһˣϰδ䡣
˵֪ǵ͹
лﳤ˵֮ɽУȥħʿ⣬ǧǷʦҲΪۣܿҲ֪¡
ӵֻ֮Ҫ粻Խû෨뷨֮£ӮҲΪء
ӵδ̫ǿ֮ļ£˫бɨȥɫĮĿƽ
ͻɱΪҳ㷹
ţԪӤмˣ
ʻ𣬵ȴĺ޲
ԣڴӾлѹǰеϷٴα˿ݣη壬ʧɫ
ǰĻԪӤˣΪԪӤڣϣʣΪڡһ˿˵
мΪɬɽУÿ춼Ҳÿ֪ƽӹԲ޶ͷڻʳǵֵ˾֮ɱϵŮ԰͵ء
ӹĺңֻңƺ˾ͷ¸Ѳ⡣
õ򣬳Σһ㣬뿪ɫֻƬ̣þޱȡ
ǰ˵ɱҵģ
ˮ㸲ǶǼϢ߻
費Ϊֱ̤ʣߣδӦйɱ֣ӣڹٵ֮ϣѶ
ϾѲǳ̤ɽ磬ɽеĶթϤ
Լǿ߱ԼǿڹٵʱԼ촦
ûдԣֻǿ
̤ȥȻ䣬üͷһ壬κδᣬǰС
ڡ
ʶӦУʿӸֱˣ룬ȻǵˣӦǰ֪ͨġ
֪ңٶɲ죬뷨µĿģţҵϢˣᣬҲ֦
Ȼ׷ĻֻҪһ棬ɱ֮
Ͼһ棬鷳ӣնݳ
հ׺üͷԽԽ塣
ڴʳɱŵӣ֮ˣλʱһʶ裬Ƭ̣ԽԽ࣬Уɱ
ѣԺɣΪɱˡ󷽣һɫһʦӣȣΪһ޴ɫɺס
Ųͣ£Ŀкâ˸תȥһһǰĿɱ⣬ڸǶ⻹ǴҪ
ҪȻʵ
ԪӤڣ
ܣ࣬Ҳ䣬ͻԪӤо𣬼̨õĵӣǽڡ
ԪӤͻƣ׿Խ֮
ѵǶΪϹ֣
ͷɫٴһ䣬ǹʦ֮ģʧһɺףˣȻˣ׷ʱע˽֡
ſһ£â˸˲ʣٴγ֣š
̫
оһʹ׿ȥż䣬ɫӣѽ룬Ҫ뾫Ѫϱɡ
ǵֵһϢ岻ϿήһѪˮӿе䡣
Ŀ΢̫⿪һӡս֮Ϊҹ棬֮£˾Ѫ
Σһâֻ޴ױһѪˮ
΢һſڣջӣʶɨȥһȸԾ֮дϸϸ󣬶
תͷȥʿǸֻɫأĿ⣬Ϊɵ
ȸϵ˴ǾԸӦڼϢʧأʣڴ֮֡
ѣҵᡭΪװ׷ƽһ룬ɫһ䡣
豳«΢ҡڴð˲ʧء
ʦܣСķ߸ϽḧԣɫأȥУ˵ΪиУδͻԪӤ
мɵδɵһӡ
Ӻ«ðٵḧɫɲ䣬ȴЦڼָն֮ʱж³
ǧ
ĻȻ䣬һĪ΢ͣƲ䣬˵׼ˣԵػУﾡء
˵ֲԼ䣬ڴһͣ׹ǰ㣬ֱҴء
顣
·سվУһ£âأڼϢ֮·䶨֮ʱٴſڣӣ뿪ԭء
·ˣΨ̲Ѫˮ
ڣڽʱѲɵ£ٶ࣬кãɱ練ơ

ʳУ˳ӿһƬ֮ɫһֵϣߣΪ׵һߣ׷ͯüĶСֱνֵ֮·˾õ
˴ɫУΪ
ԭ½ϣһɽӡǣӡ·˲֪⣬ȴ֪ӵдӡߣϵλ׹ݼԹ
ڿڷ׷ף˵ΪˣǷʵһ˸ʡ
𺣣һ;˵ȥ֮ɻС΢˫ۣ૵ģԪӤسħԣҪǽй
ɶ꣬ѽ𵤣Ǳųܣ㲻ɹһģ֪𣿡
Ϊһ꣬¹ڳòãʱԣӦеͷɵɲͬ𣬳ȥй⣬㡣
Ȩɱɫ֡
ɨ۽ֱɫŮӣа̾ΪȨΪɫӣңšĽѩ۷ҵ֮ģԲ
˳Ľѩɣ۷ǵӵ֮Ůţƿ֡
˻УȻ䣬üͷһ壬һĴɳɫһ䡣
ͽˣ֮߿Ʈ
һ𣬸뿪ڣʱһʧԭء
ϷҪڴʳ˭˴󵨣𺣣ȼٸ
ŭХ֮쳹أֵ·ˣɫԴ䣬ֱ졣
ʧ󣬸ɫأΣ̤նȥ󣬼ӽ棬;Уһʵʦּ˾׺Ϊ
ĿԶͳɱ̨ӣ֮ˣܿЩ·ɢޡ
·ɢޣʦ֣ɱʦּˣΪȻĪ⣬ӦԪӤǰʦһǰȥ񡭡
ʦܣΪͻƽ𵤣˼𣿴ʳǣԪӤǰڰ٣ڹͬˣҲ£ӦԪӤɱʦּˣȻһˡ
ϾԪӤǰ˹;оҲǷټ죬һĻʦּˣλأ
ʦܣ룬ʦ壬һо֪𺣵ͳٶٴμӿ졣


157 ӣ
ɽ䣬輫ٷУĿ˸ʶУ̫ԾͣƺΪǰɵľѪΪȸԾ
̫ôڣԪӤҲֺãǰԤЧ롣ʱ̫ΪϤҲ¡
ѽһӡ֪վѪ󣬻⿪ڶ
Խһɽ󣬶Ȼ䣬ɫһʶУһǿϢʱɨƬ̣Ϣֱ
ԴϢʶɽڣȴϤԪӤʿ
ϾԪӤʿ˻ӾŲ߳Եʿ˳ΪԪӤڸߵģϹ֡
ΣŲͣ£ɫδкξ壬֪ԪӤΪԼҪȥѣȫΪ
һ뿪Ҫããؼ䣬ĿĵѰļƻͬ
ʵҲǹʥѰҵ伮ֻʥʮɽ·;ͬãã޵ͼָʾҲ
ҵΪȥʱ䣬¡
Ƭ̣ƲʹһǿϢֱѹͻͻ㣬ԪӤʶѹ
Ļꡣ
һˣƬ̣Ӧ
ʶڣںϣ˵ΪиУԪӤڣһΪ࣬ټϻ֮ЧҲƬ̡
ҪԪӤʿھŲУ̫࣬ԵǷϹ֡
в֮࣬ͻ󺣣ͻأתӰ㣬ٴ󣬽ӷȡ
ס
ɻ֮ﴫ֮ƲһƮ䣬ɫĮĿɱֻƬ̣ɻ֮
ʶȥ·ΪΪǰʶѹԼͽڴ֣֮Ҳῴۡ
ΪϷҲ壬ȻǷкǿ϶ΣѯʵСУйأ
˼Ƭ̣ͳ޹ء˵ͬʱиʱƻ
ʦţ˵ɱɣļ·ӵб죬ȻǳԴɣǿ֧š
ûȷʱ뽻
ȻΪһɢޣ롣
ֻߵ˼β֪ԪӤڣδսмɵѣɵ£ɵ
ս
ߺһʻ޴«ҡ˲ִһϺɫֱۻᣬУʣʣͳƮ

˻һһָߣͬʱ׷Χռһˡ
ĿɿڴвΪδ֣·ȴˣҪ갴Ҳǽ𵤳ڡ
ʦڴʱȻ˴˵ת
ո֮֮˿ƣһ̣ļΪ
ֹŹֵĸоͷһ⡣
֮ӽ𵤴ԲԪӤڣЧ룬֮ɣͻ֫Уһ㡣
ʵ롣
ڴ֮£ּۣ䣬׷˲佫֮߰첻
УһҽС
ֻΪųϣѰʿ˵ӦΪǱ˫ȴٽӡڱĸ£˫һģͳͨޡ
һĹⲨΪģ
ɫһ䣬ֵǰʶʶУռ䲨ΪԾĻȻ䣬һͷ״ľ޿ն
󡡣
֮˫ͨ죬ȭͷĸɫҺ岻ȳ鲼ڸ֮ϣԼĿ¶ɱ⣬һָ衣
˲䣬޿һţɺͷ䣬ǴŹס
̣ΪĿ죬跴Ӧѽǰǻϰ߼˼˲䣬ͷ
ˡ
Ӳ
ͷйϣھ༫ٳʱиȥͬʱ޴ͷײһº˼Ҳˡ
Сһ
Цѣ֮ͷײͷǸڵ磬ԪӤԣһģ⣬·Ϊ𵤣οɿ
֮ʱʶɨȥ΢ɻƬɫһ
·ЦɣײȥͷϺâ磬ҲǲԽذ벽Χתһۿȥħ㡣
ͬʱϣΨһɫƤףƤԹѣȴڵ磬񣬶ĳǰײá
֮ԪӤڿơЦͬʱҲѹѵƤףѷٴα󣬲˵ˣ㹻ˡ
㲻ҹ棬ԪӤڡս
һģƮſһ£̫źУһ㣬Ϊʱ𾪣·ӣΪĪ⣬أѰڣɱ֮֮
ʶһɨȥüͷ壬̼Ȼ赲ʶԷɨȥȻͬʱǰһʹͷȥż䲻֪ʱһӼ롣
ˣɫ䣬ɢϢΪ죬ѹƴӹɡ
ӵԺηΪӵзǿޱȡһҧʣԼУǿΪӲǽӱƳ
ֻе𺳣ԽԽŨйɸоӽ棬ԪӤڣΪĿֲ
Ƭ̣ӲϱƳΪһߡ
һУмƻĿǰĿǰ԰źãӳͬʱйУ޴ֱƲɵ
һģ壬β
ˣ߱Ƴӣڴ֮£ڡ
ʱѪɣջϻĿоɣ̧׿ȥǰĮǳһ˿Цݡ
ֻɫ˵ήңδ¶֮ɫһţͷһ΢СƮڿһƮԹһɨԶȥ
Ϸˣŵ׷ɱ
ԪӤ壬ٶȼΪĿ죬ĿһԪӤӳʱһĿ¶ϣʶƹ˲䣬ԭʧٴγ֣ǰ֮
ٶ磬ǹԹˣ壬ԪӤϣͻԪӤڣûм꣬ɣߣҪ׿Խศ
ӽʵԪӤ±صϱţ룬Ƭ̣ԪӤ𵴡
ǰ굥ֱĿ¶âʼգͻȺʱ㡣
˹ٶȡ˲ƣܡ˵ԪӤ֮Ӱʧԭأ;ʱ
꣬ĺܾˡ
ֻǸոչʮףߴĮ֮
ӣ
˻ٶٴμӿ죬ԪӤв
ڳ׺ڽŻ겻˲ƣ׷ϣϷѣľ֮ҲҪӱ¡
ҵͬʱδӦǰ
ɫ糣ֺâ˸Ƭ̼䣬һ״ľ޹ֳɻڹŭȥ
ĻȻ䣬ϣͨṭһŭ֮
ҹ֮壬ɱ練ƣƽܣɱ㡪ѳɶ֡

磬ʡ


158 
칭ڷʮ˹ѣʶΪ׷Ŀǰʶͷųһ
ǿڶʶնÿһȫ
һգ֮ʣʧǰ;֮Ʋ㾡ȼգͻ졣
ɫԲ԰ףĿ⾼һ״޹΢΢ҡҷƬ̣ʮƶȥʧұС
һĿ꣬Ӿ򲻰ݣȻҲ¹ΪΪڣ칭ټϴ˹Ϊǻٴ
ӣԪӤڱɣۣҲľ
˹ǿһɱԷԼ·磬ʺϹؼáһ«ŲȺ뿪
Ｋ࣬칭Ϊǿ̫Ϊ죬ۼ׿ɿԪӤΪԪӤʿ̣ں«׷ͬʿá
ٴλصԭأкһֻ޴ʧĿĹˣ·ִ֮Ѫˮһ·Ѫˮнһպã뿪
һ뿪նУɽ䴩ʱһɽͣ£轫ʮ䣬ڿһϥ䡣
ʯĿ΢ǰӲߣȥնݳ˼⣬Ļ֤ʵ½ѳԪӤڣʤ
ȻδѰʿޣδ֪
ɱԪӤƣԽԽĿ¶âϡǵãΪ𵤺ڣ¹꣬ΪӦôһ㡣
ԼʤԪӤվºңΪӣص䴫С
ƣɣȻҪҡ
׵𵤴Բڶɫҹ֮ڶ̬˵Ļʵ
ʱ̤ԪӤһɨ
һѹм֪꣬𵤴Բʱ䣬Ȼ죬뿪Ͻ֮ʱʱڣĿģѰ
ţ괫ɣ˵õϢļɣޣ뿪谵һģǰߴó
ʶɨ룬Ƭ̼䣬Ŀһ֮࣬ȥмʯ⣬ܱϵģһ
֮ͨ
ϥϣʶȥ
ʱӡ𣬶֮ͨҲд˽⣬ΪԽٻֻ֮ҪʩٻޣħĻꡭ
ֻãܾĴȱݣںδָӦΨһĲ²⣬ǽϡ
ãս򷨾£ʶС
пռ䣬ϣڤʯɫ˲Ϣ䣬ɫ壬һۿɼٶȣ޸ҹ֮塣
ڻƽ࣬ں󷽣ɢѤâϼöɬʵҡҡ׹
貢δļϥ䡣
Сϰ߾ҲӦڵΪȥһ㣬Ǽֲи
㣬һˣӵС£ӵеΪ
֮ľ飬㡣

һߣ𺣼˼ٷУɫǰأŻ
ʦ֣˵ʦ𣿡
ҵٶȲʦ壬ȥʱʦܿѽҪȥʦջҵҲɵ治١𺣵
˵ΪŹ滮֮ڷɳʳǲãҲʿЩʿΪŵӣְػʳǣڼΪ𺣺󣬾Եû
һУ𺣶δ⣬ϰΪ֮С
𵤣塣
ǸҫҲԽ·ЩӲΪʣӶһǰ;֮ˡ
ʱԽɽǰҰȻʣʱ˽һͣǰâ˸Ϣ䣬һ΢С˷ٶ硣
ԪӤϣ𺣼ʶ϶࣬һۿԣĿ⾼Уһ̰
ԪӤϣΪԪӤ֮ʱץ֮ƷһЩУܳԪӤΪͻԪӤû
ֻǹ̰˲仯ǰСԽԽΪ졣
ʦ壿
һۣɫ䣬ǰʱŭХ̧׿ȥ޾Ұհ㣬һƬѪ֮ɫھͷһŭֱ˶
ٶһգǰһ֮ʣŭԪӤ˲俪ʼȼ
𣬻¶ȣΪĸߣڣͷήˣ˸˲ԪӤһ㣬׷˳ס
ΨһģĪ˼ԪӤջ١
«࡭
ǰ£Թ֮쳹ɽ䣬Ƭ̺󣬻ϨǰһԪӤʧ
һ󣬼ľȻɫΪʮԪӤʿ֮һŵ¸سϣԼʦ壬ǰ
ܲʵҪ֪ǰˣڿǵ֮
ߡ
𺣶˵ȥ󣬼Ӻ٣еٶȣҲƽܡ
ԪӤϵȥδǱľսϾδߣ
ڼٷУ˼ͣʦǰ֮«࣬Ǻ⣿ѲϹ֣ͻϮʮɽµٱһʦᡣ

ţǰʦƣأû䣬ʢɣϽڷ֧Ҳ֡
ͽһΣҪϣ⣬սܳ߷һɽš
һգããɽ£꾲վЩ꾡ĺŲԴңһɨȥĿ
ţ֮ףҵҪ󣬷ǴŲ롣
˵ԽΪΪ̤֮ţڱصá
ߣ֮ţǽΣʹһ޵Ĵͨ
꣬Ůθ죬˴˷â˿ãرǴУǽżҴ
ǹȵȣ廨š
ֻ˭Ҳû⣬֮󣬾޴ʯ֮ϣһɣʮ಼꣬ɫ㣬ϣһ˫˫ͫϿա
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ɫ糣ܱĿ⣬ԣ˿ĿĹˣƬڹ㳡ǰΪһ̻Ի֮
ظ
Ⱥܴ꣬ظѰϢҿȥϲͻȻ䣬ʶӦһĿɨĿޣƺظԡ
Ƭ̣Ŀ΢ʶӦУϤǰ¶ɱ֮ˡ
ˣҲĽѩе֪߷ƽ֮һҲԪӤ˾֮ӡ˾ߣĽѩʱʦ֡
ڡ£ҡһ䣬ʱөСһظȥ
Сưͣөоö˿㡪ŮӾӶ࣬ǵܹŹ֣өϲөСཱུ
˵·壬㣬ͦΣҪʼΪᣬᲢװͻ
ˣĿ⣬ƣ֮󣬸⡣
кܲϲͻϲߣҪ㡣
һУ辡Բ֪֪ӣղᡣ
߽ظʱһ국Ȼʮмӣɢ֮磬ŵЦݡ
δǺǣʦ塣


163 
˾Ϊ֮ͽ٣ߡ
ΪڣڴУ֮Уͬŵľ壬ټɫʣˣǵвŮӾУͬŮްĽ
ʱ¶Цݣ˵㽫ȥ·ס
өʦ塣ڿǰөȹ裬ɫ糣һͷ˼ȻΪԼƣҲװ
˾ߵʢөе֪ΪǱ֣żĳϣһУá
ڣУʤԪӤڣɱУһ㣬ܶ˾ߵͷʾ⣬Ѿʴˡ
ȻҪ˶¶ɱ⡣
ϾУƵᣬʵӿǿʳʵһСģ
ԣ¶ɱˣΪߣҲգΪͻˣ
ʱ˾Ŀɨȥǰ«꼫ΪĮԼ޹֮ɫ
ˣ˾вϲΪĵλһǹǰӣ֮ͽӶԼɫ
ᰵŭģҽڵѣ£ô
Ƭ̣˾ٴ¶Цݣө㣬ʱ㣬ӦΪܳģţټŬʮ¡
ŵĽǵ¡
ө¶ЦݣҲǱľ𲽽ﵽ㣬Уȷʵ츳ˡ
뵽ˣɨ꣬Сư͵츳Ҳˣһȥʳ棬ţȥʸ
뵽ˣԹ̣Ͻѹ˼ٴϸϸȥᣬ裬޶ԣرǿ˾ʦ񣬻˰㡣
ư̫ͣˣ˾ʦܼɣ¶Цݻө
өϽڵʦ壬ϲ飬ʦ
˾ߵһЦһƿҩֳҼΪʦ壬ƷȨ֮񡣡
өĿһ˵֮Ч屶ٶȣΪˣɫΪȸԾСһ죬Լһƿպã󹧾л
˾΢΢ͷƷԣϵشөϵĿ빧л⣬¡
Ϊ£ǰСҲᣬͳƷ
Ŀתƣϣ˾üͷ΢壬ĲϲԽԽء
ʱǿһۣĿظУһۣ˾֮Уǲм
˵ҲգҪɫ¶ͷ
ֹŹֵ飬ŵӣ˾Ҳһ
⣬˾Ϊٸ¶ЩɣȻû
͹֮¶ϲðɣͬûͷ
ͬżҲûĸ˾ŭ𣬵Ƭ̻ѹ£ǰȥһ£Ϊʦ˵֮񡣡
һģĿ΢ɨǰ֮ˣг˼Ƭ̣¶ĪЦ⣬ɲ˾֮ˣ˾߸ᣬ񣬴ûӦǰɲᡣ
ӵԼԪӤǰǴү
ˣ˾ɫΪϲ
өüһ壬аϽ񣬽ӹ˾֮ڴ֮£˾ɫŻө򣬳޼뿪
һ̵̬˵裬өҲɻ󣬲ӣûþ;ȴиռˡ
˻ظɫ糣ͽȻ׿ȥĿɱֳƬ̣ѹ¡
˾߹ľٶөҲӦ賤β֪
رǰ˾ǿƽһģӦһ޽Ԫ룬˽Ԫ룬ǵ㣬ڣͬӦ
Ϊڣϵ˾߽Ԫ룬֪˽Ԫڣͷأһ֫ٺ顣
ߣʶһڻϵߣϢ㽫ԪδӾɱ
Ϊ˾٣пǣ֪Ϣܿܽǰڴһʱʺ϶֡
Сưͣظ㣬Ǿһɡөһϲã߱
΢΢ͷ֪өڣͬ˾߽Ԫ
΢΢ڻϵ޴ݹȥϢ佫ө˿ԪͬǱ񣬵ֻҪʶһ˲ա
ڽԪҪƳϵҲܡ
ЩȥөֿУһǧ鼮һȥŹκεʶٶͬܿ졣
ʱ룬üͷҲ΢壬һУǰΪĵɵȼͬʱܸš
ҵĶ
پʱ轫һ¥鼮Կ꣬̾Ŀ⿴ڶ㣬Σ뿪ظ
ڶ㣬Ŀ⿴ȥ󷨱ʱ˵أʺϽ롣
뿪ظҹɫ٣өڼʱʱͲסˣһ˻ط壬;Уɫء
ڶҪ룬佣Ԫ谵Ƭ̣Ŀ¶ϡ
ܣΨеģ͵롣


164 ں
СУ˫΢գϥ䴲ϣһӺ˫΢͸ԶȥƬ̣ϡ
ǰط֮ʱʶӦĽѩһֱڴǰȺţٿԼӰع󣬷ȥ
ȻӦǵԼ
Ľѩ֮⣬ϾſƽȰ꣬ʵӿԼΪ֮ˣˣȻԼ֣˾߰㡣
ֻĽѩ֪ţܶԼֵģΪˡ
һ̾ĽѩиоܹŹ֣˵壬
Ľѩӵ콣պǱǷ裬ǳŹμʱ䡣
ԪӤʣֻҪĽѩ壬Ӧ¡
Ľѩ֮£貢ᡣ
ظ㣬ҵϢãӦȥĿġ
ʱʶС
һ赱ȿȥϣöʵѼͨ죬²⣬ʵ죬ʱ䲻
⼸öʵţ̤𵤺ڡ
п϶迴
ڤʯٶȶԲ죬У΢ҹ΢΢תѼָ
農ţȻ䣬Ŀ΢΢ҹ֮壬֪ʱɫƺ仯ɺɫɫ죬ԣΨϸϸ۲󣬷ܷ
ˣɫأΣӦʱĿ˸â
ħѡ
оǿ϶ϾԣʵϤֻҪǹɫħ֮ա
һʣüͷԽԽ壬ԭߣһᣬͣ£ʶ˳С
صУɫɲãħãɣԼ
ʱ䣬һҲڼڡ
Ψһİ취ɫһħ꣬£ͷ˵Ѱҡ
֪üͷԽԽ壬ϥ䣬˼վҹ̽ظ
һһҹȻ農Ⱥ㾲ŶʶӦܣδ󣬷һĺ«²ẉ̂·ȥ
ھ֮ʱһģͷŴڸ£ӰʧС
㳡ԵһùϵĴϣӰֳʱɫأĿǰ
ƻͨߣƬ̺һĺ«˿˿̣С
ٴγ֣ԽӰֱӳظڲҹظ󣬴ŽһУһˡ
һ·ǰУ񣬲ʱ谴ռ䣬ͨڶĽݡ
ݼΪƽʶУÿһξԲ󷨣󷨱ǷжãĿΪԤ
һظ¡
һ󷨣֣һʱҲ߳
ЩΪռϢ
ݰõ󷨣Ųв㡣Ŀ˸ʶϸӦ˵Բ󷨣һϲͨ󷨱仯Ϊ
᲼󣬵ȴɸӦδнƣ֮ǿ
ָӦΪŲƾŲиļ֣ƾŷ羵ָ㡣
ʱһʱ̤һţʣ༸ʱǰҲˣã֮һʱⷽǷʱ֡
ˣвʣСһ˳
֪Щ󷨽ƾʦҪһƳܡ
Ҳѣǻһˣ󷨸֣ûһʱ䣬ͬܡ
󷨸һ󷨽ƣ㣬²˽ɣΪܹ󷨡
ãصСУɫħ귴ںʱᱬ¾ɫʵ̫ࡣ
£ȥѰϢ⣬ʵҲΰ취
֪ռͬʱ䣬˵Ļ
ħΪѹƣǵأҲΣաֲԼȭƬ̣һнƽ
ΣڵϦͷһΡ
һģֳ˱ھŲУɽףⷽɽ塣
ȻԣȲϺס
Ƭ̣䣬ʶſһڴ֮£ڻϵ䣬лֳ˻׵δɢۿС
ˣ˼˫۱ϣȫƾодʱһɻ湹ֳ
𡣡
˫ۣʶӦȥһ֣Ϊᣬڽڷ룬ϡ
ͨԸأƿʣҼûзҲȫƾ취ΪͨС
֮һ;ԣΪѣȥ츳⣬ǶĸǳԣŲߣ԰Ϯá
ڴҲΨд߷С
貢Ǵǽ裬֮
˼Ƭ̣ǰһɢء
ˣ貢壬ǷʩϾջǻɢ
Ŀǰԣһд壬ѣǶԵУò
ʻ֣ʱޣ洢
Ȼ䣬Ŀһһģһмʯֳʯּ䣬ʻȥ
Ƭ̣ǾӨ͸ʯâ˸ʯΪһ֣ʯıߣһЩŹַš
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Ϊ򵥵Ļ׷ȥ˻Ϭ֮Ѫ
ʶӦƬ̣ɫ΢΢ݣ˵ϲͬԣϬ֮Ѫģһ˿
˻׷ɻϬ֮ѪټЧܿٴڴ
õϵ֮ƻǲǿƻϵС
رӵʺ󣬻ؽԽ˵Ŀǰԣô󣬵ʤǱ
Ͼ֮Ī⣬ɣ½Ϊ
貢ļӣҹǽظ󣬶ʱөÿĽѩɲ䣬Ϊʮ졣
ÿξĽѩߣɫԲ䣬ͻû㣬ֻļ䣬ܿ죬Ŀĸڸǡ
ĽݺΪҪ֮ˡ
ڵһݣϵ̽£ս󷨽ƾԿ塣
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˶ʱ俴壬Ҫݽƣǲϱ䶯ǹ̶һء
¥УΪ٣ڷҲΪ鼮Ϊƾãڱ棬һ
Ͻʮصأ֮ʦ֮ϽϹޣԽ⣬¼
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⣬ǵڶҪϢ㣬һʱ
Ͼҹ֮壬ɫѸ֮ħ꼴ѡ
һҹڷ¼ʮʱɫһ䣬ʮмرһ죬ʱ䣬ȱһɡ
£Īĵ֮ɺϣһ֮ںϣˣ֮
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Ψһں£ϸ
ֻ˵ϸ֮أ֮Զ򣬶⡭
Ͻ֣ħʯ֮أͬϸγЧнܡ
ħǽγɣΪħ֮أںɷɱγɡ
ʯΪЧܣ壬ƿؽɫ棬ֻҪ̤أϢ
Ϊ֮أں϶ԣԪӵУɰа֣
ºʣ֮ʱĿһὫźãһǶ£УƮ𣬸ʶ
¥ݴ
ΪĽѩһˣҵ֮շѣΪλҪ
߶²³çԪӤ˵ңʣϹȴŶԴŮ֣ǲ޶ԡ
ԼҪշŮҲҪ֮⣬ңŮܿӵ콣³ç£ŮС콣ʧõؽ߾
΢ϵ䣬һ
ĽѩΪԤ¯
ֻ⽹£ֻĪ̾߶СгΪ£һ;һ˳Ҳ֪ġ
Ӱǰͣ£۽ɨȥĿ΢ԪӤ֮һ˾㣬Ϊ˾ߡ
ˣ£ɲ
߶˴ˣѰ콣ϢǴ˽ĽѩϣҵҲһӦ˾㵭ʵ̾
˾ߣʶԣǰʮ֮λԶԣ޳ǸĻ˾Ҳ֪ˣԼɵġ
֮·һ˳δꡣ
ǰʱ䣬ºֻ֣ҪԴΪҪЮĽѩԹԸų˾ɫš
ԣ˾Ŀ΢ȫš


165 ֶ
ǽ֮һӰվһӰۿϡ壬ʶɨȥоһ
֮ʶҲɸ
˾ᳵ·ڶУһ󾯽ɨ۸¥󣬷ϸϸԣ˾ٰ߰ģĲɵš
ʱ룬ǵٻӰоЩԳ
ĽѩΪϴ֮ͽչؽأÿһΣÿμˣŮһŮͯɳŮٵڡ
ǣ㣬ݴŮ
˾ɼ꣬ģŪģݻʣɫУΩĽѩӡ
ȥǵò⣬Ƕеʣԥ˵ţһŮĪ
ѩǰʣʳ˼̻Դţʴ䣬Įϲʧ߹󡭡ţȣµѩиģǣ߹󲻿¡˾Ŀ˸
ԣ˾üͷ΢壬̾һɼԼ뷨β֪
УĽѩƷؽΪ¯˾㲢ɫľӶ࣬Ϊ˴Ůڵ߾
˾棬Ŀ˸ǰڣֻ룬۾ƲͬŮ
˼ʱ仺
ʱ˾˼콣֮ϰߣھ˽ףڽԪԾΪԽǿӦԽҡ
Һܿ϶콣Ľѩ˾ɫܣĿ֮˸ָӦĽѩʱУֱ伮зȷ
Ұ룬ǵԼʣԪӤϣӦҲ룬ԣű򼴱ҲֲĽѩ֮ס
߾壬ţ콣ڱصá˾УΪҪ콣ӵд˽ƴˣʱͬ١
⣬֮һ;ƮΪĽ
õ콣׵ģǾ콣Ҫ߾õİ취ǴĽѩ
뵽ˣ˾Ŀ¶ϣǰ˼һһ˾ߡ
ãԪӤУ˵ж֣˱صֹ轫Ľѩ⡣
˶٣˾ֵȵõ콣ʵʱ⼸˷ԣҲ޿κΡ
ˣ콣֣ŵ֡˾˫ͫ䣬â˸ǧ꣬ڷ֮££콣һʿУһᡣ
Ƭ̣˾뵽һ㣺ǴŮţȼһṲ̊ԪӤƷϼѡ
߶ţз񽻴
˾ԣһͷǱߣнӴδ˵콣
š˾ͷųŵңڵõź֮أֳһ䣬мǣ˵콣𣿡
콣ܸӦߣֻԪӤϣǵ֪׵ĿģȻ콣Ͼ˽Ǳƿأ˵ţУġ
ϾʵһС
δͷ˾㲢ź
Ӧ˾ĵǣ˾߸ϽŸԼպһʱΪĿģĽѩš
ԣ˾ĿһйĿԼӣȻ˾֮š
İɣĽѩͽϣһԪʱֻҪԴҪЮͽĽѩһź˾ŵ
𣿡˾Щţһ£Ȼˣţ۳ɹʧܣס콣©رǵš
˾߻ĵͷٴν̸Ƭ̣뿪˾ʱ˾Сʱӵ콣ĽѩС檡
˾һЦֻҪҽ߾պ󣬴Ů㡣
ԣ˾ɫһϲĿйâʢ
ʱʧڸ¥У¥֮ٴλָžʱӰֳĿйâ˸žݣҲ¶һ˿ء
޴«̾һŽ£УйŹͷ˽̸֪ʼĩ
Ӷԣᡣ
žԽΪ˳֮£һ֣ҲްУԪӤʿ
ԪӤʿսΪһˣԪӤ֮࣬зǳڣûŰȫ֡
ǡҹȫʢʱڡ
ϡǵãŲУҹԪӤڣɱԷںಫ֮£ͬɱ֮
ֻʱҹħռһ룬Ϊ
ħ귴ڼҲ÷˵֪֣ããڡ
ѱ̸赭ֻȥյĿ϶
֮磬ʵ˵һ֮ǿʮɽ֮£һᱻ̭
費ϰοԼ뿪ظȥ;УͷԼ
һŮһŮڽүүشɽԸı䣬㵱Ӳ٣ɲ˲
ӵ֮벻ǰĿ⣬顭
ͷǿѹ£ٴΰοԼɽУ֮£ҳ㷹޹ءڴͣ£Ѳ⣬ͷĳ˭
ԼʱҲ࣬Ľѩħ귴Ѳ⡣
οмᶨɫĮ飬ֻǾСԽǰѹµͷ粻ܿư㣬𡭡
նϣҡ
պȥն¾ġ
ڴ֮ǰ˾߱Ŀ⺮â˸˫ͫ䣬˵ޣɱ⣬һˣͻԴ˵ɱģ뵱Ϲһ㡣
㣬ԼҲδ
պľƽ룬οڣϾ⼸Ľѩܺãһ㣬һֲ֮ġ
ãն¾ġ
˽뿪
峿վӣɨСݣһ̾뿪һȥԶˡ
һ֮ʣȥ壬е֮أΨ˴
ƿţů䣬΢գ嶥ˬŹϺ󣬸뿪ʱĿ΢ʶУٻӰ̤Ʋ
ʱĽѩƮ䣬ڿȻһЦƣ
װףû¸ߣ䵭Ц֮£ϻһСѣЦٻ⣬ˡ
ȻҲǶ跽ˡ
ٻӰǰĽѩЦ࿴Ŀůǰ꣬Լһͷȥ֪ߡ
ҪȥҲҪ΢̧ס
ʺһܷܷǣ裬źȥһһ㡣
Ӧּ¶ȣĿ΢ǰǹȥ֮ģѹ£֪һߡ
ҲһνӴ
Ľѩ̳үүΪΪĽݺ֮ɡ
Ϊ˱˴ִ֮󡭡ֶ


166 Ů֮Ը
СأÿأֻһΣʱΪһ죬ʮ֮ãÿ庮ÿոĻĺ
СߣĽѩźϾӨˮ߳ɫŵЦݣ˫ֱϥŲݵϣл֮Ʈ
ߣƮҷɢء
ǻͬڲݵأ«ɣϹž޲Ŀ峺׵СԶããƣĿ⼫Ϊ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ʮΨҵģүүүү˵ڽУҲʮꡣĽѩԣ費źۼȥϡ䣬Ů˫ͫһ˿⡣
һͨŮڳУһʮ֮ãп﷦ζк֪̾еĸܣҲ֪أĽѩʮꡣ
֪Ϊν𣿡
֮ɫ糣
Ľѩʴ䣬ϤĽѩУԼΪˣ˻ʣʵʡ
оĳĬĽѩչһЦʱǹ崿Ϣϵ
Ե꣬ĮÿξԲ˺һĮһǱ䡭
ҲĬҲĶΪƣ겢ЦԼ֮ԣĽѩΪһţŮ㣬ܸеƽͻԣΪһȵĸ塭
ָоϤŲУΨ˲С
ҵУΨӰӰҲҴӴģһүүһˣ㣬֮ԸϢҸоһ¡
ˣʵҲδӣھŲУҾؼʱδңӦĳŵӦʡ
Ƕʱ˵̣Ҵȴ²ĥļ䡭үүˣҼϡ
˵أ˵˿飬ѩɻ֣ȵϽʱѩͻλʱĽѩԶ⣬¶Ρ
޷ӣͬƽһ㡭
ʱĿ¶ϣͻŮ㡣
ͬžСĽѩСأԴ࣬ѰˣΪĵ˱ʮ꣬ĳһգĳһأ仯
˱仯ĵ٣Į𡭡
ĽѩԸƽŮӵһɣϾӳһɶ֡
˵һ类찲źãΪҫĽѩ飬콣ա죬أһУԡ
Ƿİţģİš߾һ̣Ե֮һ;׷󣬵һβɡ
תȥʱĽѩ΢ɫƤѥ䣬±ɴ࣬¶һ˫Сţż̤ˮ棬һ˿˿
׿裬Ľѩκ죬ڵЦ֮䣬СȻĿУһڴ
ˣ貢δ¶΢΢ͷĽѩΪǵһμ
֮£Ϊأ֮أи֮Լں裬һ˾ģһˮã˾񣬰а֡
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ĿӶȥɫɲĳʱĽѩܿġ
С裬һУ
˵ǵһμÿһĻ趼еΪ
ǻɽʱȻ
ãüͷ΢壬ʶӦУөʱǰƮĽѩٻӰǹѥӣüͷ΢徲
ʱөɫԴֵʦŸʦǰݷãڴȺ򡣡
ĽѩظĮө֮ԣü΢壬ΪŸһˣ
˾ʦҲڡө
Ľѩ΢΢ͷɨ裬ĿԴ⣬һ󣬷өһ뿪
ĿٻӰ뿪農վκ󣬻߻СݣȥѾڴ֮ǰҪһЩС¡
˾ڴϣһֱҹʱ֣跽վ߳СݣϷţտһУ̾һ뿪
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169 һˣ
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171 һ
ĽѩǸ𣬾֮ͬϤǾŲĮֻǼˣɵǲѡ
뿪ڣʱ迴һۣ΢΢ͷŲǰȥ
һͷĽѩ΢΢һȴů⣬һǰıӰ찲ػҵˣѩٹ¶
ʱйϢԽԽӦ֮ڵһֱģڷŻرǵŵӣ
ԪӤǰ
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ʱǵʹޱȣرǿǰǺ޸İɫ˫ͫİʹ

ܿ϶ˡ
ֻδɫ˫ͫһ˿ħצɣĽѩ񾱣ʺѪҺ˿˿Ǻ޸ħצ֮ϡ
㲻ѣѩҲΪѩػ֮ˣȪѩҲ㡪ĴʹĽѩУ

ʱѪħצȴźۼţħצ΢΢ͣ£ҲԺУһ˿Ȼ֮£ȴ
ԽԽѪ䣬Ϊң΢ץУļᶨǻļ䡣
ĻȻ䣬ħצʼſ˫ͫΪɫУ֮ﴫ
ܣɱ¾δйѣܡ֮Ѫ
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һ졭㡣
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172 
ħҹ淴üΣһҲܼº󣬵ΣҲûµ֮
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ʱյΧΪžѪ֮ĴΨдŵӣҳĿǰһһŮϡ
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УĽѩɫ԰ףĴ۾עӣǰΣڵϦаֻ̤¿ָѺһжֵá
Ƭ̣պϼɱԼҪʱʵؼԼߣϢ
С󣬵һܽӴԣ֪ӿ켸ִ֣֮У⣬һӡ
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ˣ赭һЦаԳŵŮһػ꣬ǧ꣬ꡭᡣ
Щ𣿡Ƭ̼䣬ϸоӲѣػ֮⣬¶š
صͷ뿪ڣʱһ׿ȥüͷ
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˾ǿ϶һ㣬ĳһȥʶӦУǰףŵնС
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콣õһƴĽѩͬˣΨţ֮
ɲʡ
С㻵Ҽƻɱ㡪ѽͷ֮ޣ


173 ӿ
һߣӴ֮У֮ǻüͷ壬һ˿ڡ
ţڵڰ׻֣ѵҵ޶ԣҵӴϢƺ콣
֮һ߱Ŀ˼Ƭ̼䣬йϣ˫ԪӤΪԪӤµԹǷĽѩΪ֮أ콣ܿ
ˣڵǰơ߶Ȼ˼Ƭֵ̣Ϣ԰׻ֵ֮£һ콣֪ͨҡ
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ô˽ϽϷ̤޸Ĥ
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һʱ䣬ԪӤɫأԥ


175 
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칭ء


176 ֮
СУֱ˶ײ״һ죬ǿҵСΪģ浴
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𡪡֮գĻꡪаĻǿһײɽգǾУǾ

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ˢ
ѪɽԪӤնݳβֱɨ룬׿СŮȻ΢΢ͷɫ˫ͫ¶һ˿顣
ʱһԪӤϵһָŭХ޳һӣǧϸСâʱǻͷ֮ʣĻȻ䣬ϸСâᴩȫ
ЦǰʱĿⲻɲһڸӦɫâᴩ֮ˣȻԻָˡ


178 ҹ֮ȱ
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ͬʱһ޴ƾһɨϸСâٶ磬ɫһأиУϸСâΪ졣
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šī΢΢ͷΪԪӤڣΪĴ죬ĽѩʣÿĵӣԻɻ
ü䣬۶ɢӦ߻ħ֮У赣ǣīϽ͵
ŶĽѩĲɵͷʱʶһ¶ȻЦݡ
ˡ


180 ȥ
ϣվǹŵЦݣʱָװ磬Ϊ꣬ǿƶʮм꣬Ψһģ豳󣬾޴«ɡ
˿˵Įȴƽࡣ
Ľѩκ죬ʥݣŲ֮Ųʱһ˿崿Ц⡣
īвԼһҲ˽Ƶģһƽ޺ʵ෴ɱ鰡
뵽ˣɫһҪ죬ȴЩǰӳţϷÿնػţ
īпɬ
ֻĽ⣬Ľѩδţ˼ϣʱ赭Цɨīϣһֵȥɡ
˵ƽȴŲ֮ī۽΢飬ɫ޶ݣװݵĵ˵ͷ뿪
ٴݵͷ֮У뿪ǲˡ
ֻ迴ҲδһۣŲͣС£Ůӣ΢΢һЦźϷ⡣
Ǽ䣬޵Ů㣬кԣĽѩԼӿ죬ӦӵϢֳΡ
ر뵽ߣΣԭյһһӾС
ھƬֲ̺ԼԽСݣԶԶ֮;ĻȻ佫һ޹Сڴ֮£а㣬һִδйоǻ
ĽѩϸΪΣҧһ󣬽ͷһִδйоҲǻ
ܰ꣬
轫һĻĻ˵ͻ䣬Ҵ壬һֱڣٵϽ
Ľѩţ˫䣬졭
ѩҪˡֱգ轫ȥ˵ĽѩԺü΢壬һʱԥʱƣʱһ㡣
˽иִ֮ƣĽݺ֮뻹ʦ֣ȥѰңĽѩµɡ
˸˽⣬˴ֶ֧Է
һʱ䣬Լž˭Ҳûпڣţ֮׵ʱ⣬˴ϧ
Ͻѩүү㡪Ҫ𣿡Ľѩѯʡ
赭һЦδصͷΣſڵ֮һ;ҴӦѣߵͷ̣һһֱ㡣
šĽѩһЦһнһ貱ӣΪѩСΣʱܷ
ңдڡ
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䣬һ«ʱɫƮʶ£һԲ֮򣬵ĽѩΪΣʱʶƿأ÷Բ׷Χһ
һСԲͬĽѩ֣֮өжԲ򣬰ΣھԪӤһҿģΨЩˡ
ԣĽѩ֣պãʱصѩ콣գΪأվ顭֣мΪأԶ¾ġ
ֻĽѩɫδ䣬¶һ˿ЦݣȻУӵ콣һоֻ֪콣Ϊ
ĵϣʯãѩأ㡪콣գѩס㡪
ĳŵƮߣ֪ΪΣȴŲɣǰǾģΪǿҡ
콣ĳһգȻҪӡ䡣
ٴξ˴ߣϦб£ãĽѩ΢ɫƤѥ䣬±ɴ࣬¶һ˫Сţż̤ˮ棬һ˿˿
׿ȥСֳϼ֣ˣ΢΢ͷ
ĽѩȻһЦӻǰС̤ˮ棬ʱ΢ͣ£Ŀ⿴ӡ
ǰ裬Ϊģ裬ٹ¶һˣΪԼһڣΨһġ
ؼҲΨӣԼΪ衣
Ƭ̼䣬ˮƮƮݣ裬һк
Ϧ£֡
ȵҹɫʱĽѩһȥÿһϲˮһεε䡣
ߵӰѾˡ
Ҫ꣬ǧ꣬˵ִ⿪󣬶Ȼ
˭ִ֣֮Ұ˭֮Ұ롣
̲꣬뷫£ף˼

һ·ֱɫָĮĿİ׻ֱ֣ͨʮɽΪ£Ѵ𵤺ڣƣ롣
ڴ֮ǰҪռϵʯҹҪƾʥûѪշʮɽڽɽŴԪӤʿƣɡ
ĽݺӰн
С֮ʱĬĬػԼͻһ㣬֮˵ԼȥһӲˡ
һΪʦΪ
һӰ֮ˡ
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181 
ھʳ߾ǧ֮أϥУʶСϸϸϻָҹ棬Σ֮ƿضȥ
üӡֳ建ɢ֮ϼ֮塣

һɫ˫ͫϣʱȣټҹˣһֱδ䣬һлָҹһĴУҲһ˽⡣
ʱйŹеͳȵһѪ˸Ƕ
һѪᣬյ˫ۣ΢΢Īɱ⣬ڴ֮£ɽʯ䣬һɵѪ֮ӡ
ѪĿ죬Ҳ죬ƽɱѹ£ԽԽУð㣬һĻ
Ѫɫգɱ죬һ׷ɽɫĮ農ţ֪ΪΣ
ҹΪ̫ħ֮һ޶ԣҹ沢ǰǿ󣬵Ȼȥǧǰս֮塪ҹ
Ϊû䣬м䲢δ⡣
ҹÿһΣɶ٣Ҳδ⣬ȴ˵һɹҹ֮ǿһ¥һʧܣء
ҹѰʿΪĳҹһԪľڶ¡
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֮⣬ҹĳֲǺΣͬδ⡣
٣ֲΪҹȱݡĿ⿴ȥ׷Ӵʱڿл裬ÿһУÿһʽ¡
ҹʽ˵ƺ޹أÿһӽɱ¾һУɽ編֮ͬ
צβ˫ǡ
һۿȥμļ䣬ٿǰ׷ӣʱͣ£У˵ɫƽΨ֮
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׷˫һƬѪ죬ΨһֹŹƮУеİͻѸٹ̡
ᱲҹһѽ֮
һԣ׷һָ裬һɫתüͷ΢壬δܿƬ̣ɫ
Ϣ࣬ҹΪޣȴɱ¾Ϊҹϰ봫֮⣬һϢ
ǰӡ磬ɽ̫ħ壬ħ֮Ϊﵽɹɹ٣ҲȴٷΪɽ磬ֱǧ꣬ѭ
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Σ˫˼ĿǰƬ̼䣬ʶСڴ֮£üһӡۼ׽ţβ˫ǣ泤ķʽ
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˫ƵƵһɫ˫ֻתڼϢ֮Ŀ¶⣬źɫУһָҹ档
лƮȥڴ֮ʱתսҹʱҹ΢ɫûջһɫ֮
Ϊҹ֮ӡҹһг˯ãɷӡħڷӡвϱ죬Щҹ洫мܡ
Ϲһ御Է磬費֪ʲôԭ򣬵ӣȻӡ˸磬ȻǴͨߡ
Լҹܿ
ҷӡǲɽ⣬ֻڶƶѡ
˾٣赥һӣʣ༸ſڤʯҹȥ
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ҹǽͷãߡڡĿ¶âнʳ֮»룬ɱ⡣
󣬵ţţţѩڴˣӦ޴󰭡
ʶ˳СڶУӦǻɫĽ𵤡
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ԪӤڣΪߵһʶᣬԪӤ
иħһ٣貢иУԼ֮һ;볣˲ͬħһ٣Ϊǿ
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ϵʮ𵤣ٶȣѰʿϼ֡ϡǵõʣ̤ڣӵС£˶ʮꡣ
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¼
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ǲϳɳı
Խ𵤺ΪټϻϵһԪӤڱȻ䣬ڣδ϶Դ˹ΪϤ˵ǿһ޹Լ벻
Ҫá
ڶΪ̫󣬴أԪӤڣֻҪڣΣķΨһȱݣԷЧ롣
ʣģȥ«Ĵ⣬ǻ׷
Щ蹥ֶΣڷۼɿɿιܿ϶𵤺ڣֻҪԪӤڣɵ
ȻΪʵҹٱ䡣
֮谵ӵʣ֮ɱ߷ţ˵Ļ൱ڻϵ
迼ǣϡ
Ϥ軺˫ۣƱȥһʵӲţɵӻǽ϶࣬δ鷳ʥǰȥ
УĽѩҲģȥ֮ǰֻһͬʥȥ

ʳǣٵϣһŹ𣬵Ƭ̣ٵٴλָԣɽ룬дУ˵ɽҰ룬Ҳʧһ羰
һڹٵУɫ룬ߵ·СݣЩ֪ɽ裬ɫǴݣЩ
һϸῸڼϣ˽㡣
ʮɽŲǰȥƨҲûһߡŨü΢Ƭ̼䣬ּƥܹ
ÿ
ϼһ˦ޣٴԳٴδ
ޡ
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ɲƬ̣ٿǰһݺĿһɨȥŲɼӿ켸֡
ʥʥһСڳ棬ţŲӦõõˡǽϼһӺȾƣһӿСܶȥٶȲ֪ΪΣȴð㣬һʮ֮Զ
֮֮ء
ʱݳڷţ󺺣ȻһģΨһţһ꣬ɫĮ˫΢գϸϸƷв㡣
۵ģǴ걳һ޴«
ĮԱڿ󺺣š
˼Сһ¶ĪЦݣϸ޿£˫ֿ棬ϵϲ裬Сϲ衣
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裬ʱͬӣ³ĺ˫΢ɨӺٴαϣΪȥǰӺӦǹ·ˡ
Ʒ裬˼ʥûѪƣ˻ѪռʥðԪӤѪԼʮְɢ޻Ѫ
νһƿ
Ҵ֣ʥɣռѪͨĳؽƣ˻ѪС
˵ˣֻҪʥһδѪϢ
˻ѪһλֻҪѪλɴ˿أǵˣֻҪʱԽã˼Ҳɲ²⡣
˻ѪƣӦööӦʥ´磬赣ǡ谵Ƭ̣վӣ뿪
ʱǰһɨЦݸŨСѣԪӤһ߼䣬ûָ㣬Ҫ̤룬Ѱţ㸣Եˣ뱾ȶٲ裬ָһֺѣ
ĿⲻɲһƬ뿪ֻʵһ
ԪΪŵӣϸǻ֮壬Ԫ˶Ŀ˼ӵЦƬ̣ɫһ䣬üͷ΢ħ
ٴλ׿ȥʧԭأˣɶԺȲ裬֮ħϽټ
迴
Ʒ裬ںȵ֮ʱ΢΢ҡͷƺΪ⣬һ󣬽ϲȾɫһ䣬ˣûӣ
ˣҪܣ־̫ԭͬرǸӦͷһŹɫΡ
ɨԿ󺺣Ӻٺǰһǣڽɼ̴á
ǴɨһۣüͷһӣƤˡ
˵ʮ˶һֱգͷҲǲ̣Ǯ

ʱ輫ٷУֱ׻֣ɫΪأǰӣ֮УȴɿԼΪȻͨߡ
⣬һ䡪ħ
ʣħҹɢӡ֮ħţɢģԼҲԸӦ
ȷܡ
ԣٲ˼ǰ貢ӴҪиУӺأҹɲС
ʱڰ׻ֿͣ£ɨ۲ɽżȥ
׻ִѱ޸ã͵Ŀʮɽ
Ƭ̣յ֮м䣬а˸Źַ΢΢˸ÿ֮£һĲۣо봫
迴Ĵܱ߼ΪյѪȲкʧһģһмʯֳʯһӣۺ󣬶óһö
о봫ΪмʯԴˣмʯȱʱ˸ʯÿһâ
ʱд
Сһ㣬ԪӤڡ׾١ն̤ŷɽҲУ˯ڽϣȣΪ
ڿ˸һ۽΢飺ȵȣǴʮɽģֲ㣬ʸѡ
ĸɵģ
ʱվڴʮ֮أĿ˸
ˣӵһЦֵȵﱾһʶѡ˵˻Ӱ˲ԭأٴγ֣ǰףʶ
üͷ΢壬һֱ²ⲻӾģʶԼֻҪһӱȻ֣ɨ˸˼
ӽϸʵСһĸɵģУǰ𵤺ڣҪץ׾١
ʥáһͳ
ԣĿ΢˫磬úõģѧʲô֮ұ㣬ˣ󷢴ȱħȡҽڰɡ
˵һʱһɫüΪ£Ŀ棬ʵʰ´衣
һĿ֮У걻ɫأԿǡ
ʱɫ΢ôԸ𣿡£һɷâ¶ĽֱϮ衣
δٽɫһ䣬ȵԸ⡣
һǰԵĻȻʧͷ
ʱʮ׺âһϣһĻǵ裬Ҳǿ⡣
ʮ·;ѰʿԣһϢһϢ֮ʣӵΪ֮¡
߰ɡӵ
輫˼ӵʵиУҪӳצͨٶȸɣһֱڵȡ
ʱӦϣĿ¶ϣʶ봢˲䣬Ӱԭʧٴγ֣ڴڣ˸վӳһָǰͬʩ
̼Ϊ˳һϢҲޡ
˲ʧӸո֮ɫһɨȣӰɨʱջˡ
ǰӰʧâҲ
ӾעӴĿкâ˸Ƭ̣ɫԴ͵˲ƣ˲ƣΣ壬·ǵĵˮ©˼
˵ϸ뿪׷ȥ֪Ǳգһ𻵵Ļ׷Ҳû׷
Ϊߵļף£Ѱ˱ȻҷСһȥ˼⣬ʶҲҪ֪ӲĻɾˡ
Ӱʧԭأǻյء
ԹааӱȻҪ֮


182 
֮ǻУֻܿһâƬ̼䣬֮ţӰֳĿ΢˵ʯ۲䡣
˾ٺһ㣬뿪ԭء
ڼٷУ˫ۣͫٻ뵽ǰʱɸе٣֪ξģΨеĸоǿ
ָоʥʱͬиУƾϢٲڷڡ
ڣԪӤ񣬿ɸأ˵ԪӤΪɵһǷΪʵˮ룬أ̴֮Ԣ
һɿ
վŲΪȽʶ뾵УʥҪɱ֮һͷ򵥺󣬶Ȼ顣
ˣʥ˷żɵ
ǰƹͻأ˲ƣʱ类ץ
ӣԽΪޣǴʳĳޣҲԽڡ谵Բ²⡣
Ͻ֮أһ֣ѿʵƿɿзһڣܱС֡
ϾϽڣɹʮɽУڲڰ١
кĿģܱܡ
Ӱ绮ʱʧʡ
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ֻһвɫ˿仯һƬĳȥʥãȥһΣϡǵãʮī֮ߡ
ʱԽɽǰͣڰգĬΣٴǰС
ԶһŮӼٷŮɫɴݣΣһɫʱڿǰ󣬸Ͻһ֡
ŮӼ֮һ̤׷ɫۣͷʱĿ⾫â˸ٸӦǰ¶Цݡ
𵤺ڣߡЦ𵤺ʮɽ֮ͣλֻҪδԪӤһпӡ
˵ѶģʥԪӤϣԼԽ𵤺ɺ޼ɵ
Ϊǽ𵤴Բ
˴ΪϿ֮֮һ顣ͷٶٴοϼ֡
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ǰŮӣڻϲǣ˿
ϲǣʮɽ˵ΪɹϽʵ֮ǣ˵˳Ƿ˫ޣһƬŮԻϲǣȻ˫֮ΪóĿ¶⣬ر뵽Ůӵ֮ȡ
ڴ˴˫ޣǵоΪǴʵһ֮
Ĵ˴ϽһӦϣ˫ΪŮٰ˫¶һ˿ϲ⡣
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˵Ϊɵֻǲ޶鷳
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һԼ˫޵ºָʱκ¶ɽ
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ſˣһ
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Цᣬ˵ԼӵлѪûУ˵ĻһҲš
ʱкԶߣ׹˸Ƭ̼䣬һֻ޴İ׺̤ƶһˣƮݣ棬֮
ڿŮӺĿһһİ׺ףӰ֮ͣʱͬǰס
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뿪ڣٴδ
С֣ѵҪϷԽѵ𣿡
󣬻ǰʮ꣬뺰С֣ѵҪԽѵ𣿡ˣͻ˳㡣
ɫ糣ڴΪ΢ˣȷʵһζΪҲǷԼˡ
źٶʱţ𣬷ֵ΢΢ʲôʲôȤ
ԼˣǷ򣬺ҲᣬΨģɱ˴ӣϾؼ츳ģԽԽá
ɫ¶Цݣɨۻ׺꣬ԪӤʿΨһɵģǰ׺ꡣ

ʳָ΢һָǰԲߣɫأ֮޴Բ΢һ˲Ϣ䣬绯㣬ҽֱء
һָ𵤺
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˾٣迴Ůӣ̤뿪ӣپ¶ɱȻ֣Ҳûã鷳
ڻǣˣڲԼһ£ӦòԼ
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ǷĿˣ
˺֣ɫЩŹֿ֣͸֮УΪϣ˼
˿ü΢壬оΪĮúһֺԼҲּ䣬ϾԼԼ
䣬֪ԼһֻرȻһУˡ
˸飬ʲôرʲôԪӤǰָ㣬ںǰ淴ɱˡ
޶֮С
Ƭ̼䣬ŭ֮
سǡ
ӦŻŷʧʣʣˣ˿һۣɫٴιŹ
Ƭ̺Ҳϲδ׷ɱ꣬ŭȥǼɵԼͬʱҲԼһӡ
Ͼڣɱˣ󵭵ȥ˵̣š
СһҲˣ͵һ飬ˣ塣ҡͷǣ˿֣̤֮ϰ׺ףīǷȥ
ֻ֪̣ǳǻ׷ȥܻܿɢ
ļɵǺ֡


183 ޽
īΪʮ֮ףƻֺ֮׳һۿȥȥ¥أ˿ǽ֮ߣ˳Ҳʮɽɢ֮ء
˵˳࣬˿ңԭīǧ֮⣬ʥôʮǵĺġ
貢δֱȥʥãīһ죬ĿռϽͼϾϽ֮󣬺ޱߣ޵ͼơ
ͼһЩͨŲѰңɲȫһЩƫԶС֮أϸע
ԣ˵ͼ㹻ˡ
ֻϽ֮㣬ڲͼ֪Ͻɻƣȥ·;ãã⣬Ҫ麣
˺ңΪأǿݺᣬ㰲Ȼɹʱ䣬Ҳ֪з
⣬һݾǴ
˴ΪԶ봫ͣȷģΨнɹӵУʣ֮أ˵Ҳ󣬵Ϲʱĥ£ǷЧδ֪
⣬Ҳдһīǣϲǡ
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Դˣ輫ΪΣΨнĿ⿴ϲǣڽɹǺѡ񣬷Ӵɡ
īǴϣͷӿַθʿؽ棬УʱīǷУ˷ΪʮģҲΪʿһ
һ¥ǣΪĹ㣬ϡŹ֮ıڣָ㣬ֻҪ֮ʿǺˬ¡
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ڻΪ鱦룬Ҳ˵ͨһǳڻǺڣҪʦˮƽ
ȻҲء
Ӧ廨ţֻϵԭ壬֮ѭ򽥽ɡ
ɴͼʼ׷ŭɷ
«ټϻԪӤڣҿõֶټӶࡣ칭Ϊɱﵣͷá
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ֻ޽ǶԻӰ첻󣬵ټһֽлĹʵŭɷ
мɽ޲ϣ˵޽ӦòҵźٴһȦ󣬻һ¥ȥ
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Сѣ˵𣬵ӡ˿̾ٴɨ󣬲ᡣ
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ɫĮ˫΢ɨ裬ٴαϣѣϺڴ˰Ŀ棬һۿǰ꣬ʵ
ʲôڴ˰ģ̨ӲԪӤʵ赣ǡ
ɫ䣬δ޽ǣָԱһ򣬴Ϸ֮
мʯڿָĮ
ˡ赭һЦ¶֣뿪ͻΪ档
˫ɨ꣬򼴱߱īǣ۸һ
ǰС
ɫ΢䣬ȷʵֵ˼ֻۣЩͼ̧ۣ¼轥뿪ϽĿмʯʮͼģߡ
Ųͣ£ɨߣɫɲ䣬߻ǰһָĻֻټ޽ǣ¡
мʯ˵֮࣬ף֮ʵͽףʯҲ㹻ˣ޽ǣǺϡ֮ҲǼʮͼʯ
ƷӣĿʯӦ㹻ˡ
Ŀ΢Ƭ¶ʹ֮ɫƷպã̾ͷףޱ
費Ϊʯ󣬽ӹƷ봢ʱ޽ȴһأⵥ߶Ȼ׬ˣֻǲѡ
֮
ռϣ뿪ʱüͷһ壬ͻأ̧׿죬ֻʮӰɸ򽫽ֵΧ
շУʥ֮ˡ˵ز֪ǰĿ΢䣬޺δ֮ɫϰΪ㡣
ȸ֣÷κΰߣ뿪
ʿֵΧ


184 
ֵлңڴŭ£۰ģ˹ģ԰ɨܣһЩʿĻ޵һЩȥ
һ󣬼Ȼȥ
һĻǵ߲ʿҲһʱ£ɫԲ䣬ȻֵлһЩʿƺϤأڱΧ£Ա
ģֱӴˣߡ
ʱһʿ뿪ֵʣĹʿԱΧڽֵУɫ糣ĿĹˣֵΧĻܹʮˣȥʮΪ⣬ڡ
ʮУһɫ׵꺺ӣΪͳΪڣҲʮΪߵġ
ȸְΥīǹأ֪ضͬ꺺ʶĿɨˣٵ֮£˿ȥ
䣬һӣʮ˲һ󷨣ֵΧˮйͨڽֵ⣬Χ۲ˣе΢еЦѡ
ȸְ֪ȫѹÿͻϮһΣĿĺڣīǵɢޣ֪
ģ֪أҪֻܹԼˣһһǣ´αȻ
һ߳
ͷ֮ػȽһΪߣʱɫһ䣬Ͻѣڴ˽һƺס
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ؽҪɨ۽ֵˣ̾һͷɥ뿪
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⣬ֵ߳󣬾ɫΧۡ
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һҲ֮£䲻ϲϾԪӤ֣Լȴлϲǿ϶ġ
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ֵһȥ΢һȥӡŷƬ̻һצֱ裬ٶ硣
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𾪲ѡ


185 ȸ֣һ
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ȻһУƺЩԴˣ겢ʲôԼȴͣ⣬ڻһˡ
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궼ͳǰͣ£Ŀ˸ȴ΢΢ҡͷУ⣬ģ¶ɱǿʳ֮أá
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µɣΧ۵ˡ𾪡
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һߣʮ߻ɢװ㣬Уһ׷ƮƮߣЦϣʥػܵīѰ˼Ҳ
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ңǰʥŲһȥ飬ҵҲѵһ
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ʱĿһԴɻϲǺֵѣǹȥɡ
£Ҳ޷˵ĻϲǣǷ֮ǣһߵ


186 ȸ֣
ϵ˵ͷʮɽУ֮أȥΪɹأϲɽԶǵǻ֮ǣҥΪ֮ǡ
ԼԣʱȤһȸַȥһϼ
ϲǣޱȣɱ˶ᱦǿ˫ޣҳ㷹˵˳ǾۼͨɢޣЩɢ;֪ʿ룬ֻҪ̸;ص˳Ц
㲻ãҲûˡ
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ǻʲôɣңϲǲΪ֮ǡһҡͷһ;ޣޣħޣ޵ȣΪĿꡣ
ˣܻջ󣬰;
ʮ˵֮أ˵ǿʳɱ¾ΪңߡҿûˡһҡͷмΪм
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ʱʮԪӤȸ£ϵȹֵѣɡУ˵֮ǰ˵ᣬջǻһ顣
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ĻȻ۽΢飬֣ЩɶԪӤϣʹʣָֻţϲ㵹ûʲôҿɾ͸
ſɬ˼Ȼεͷ
õȷĿ˸˼ǣʥòͳĻǰ룬ǿж
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ʱĿĹˣƬ̿裬üͷ΢壬ѯʺ֣һƬ̵ЦҡͷԼ޹ء
ˣкâ˸Ǳ«꣬мΪϲǴɧţԼã㺫Ҳδ֪
⣬ռźֵ飬ңߣʮнʿӵǵһˡЦҵ˵ӣǾԥˡ
ƺЩĴˡ
СӣԺεأ¶ĪЦݣʳϤļˣüͷһ˴϶꣬ƺЩԹ
Ȼѵ˲Ҳ鷳ɨһۣ˵ʥʥ
һ⣬ֵΪţһЩΪµʿһЩŵĿ꣬ȻĿɿڴЩվ̫
ϾȻ룬벻ͨΪԳʥҪ֪Ǵվ̫Ҳǣ
ʥʥѲµӻϣյĽһʥʥʮ֮
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һпƻʵϢ֮ʣʱϿգѾһӣʮɫֳϸϸȥżΪ죬䣬һ

һ˦֣ŷ˲Ϣʮ׳ֱ޴Ѫɫ䣬ʮѪ࿹
һ˦֣ϰٵ׷ӳһһҧһྡԻӳ
һ죬֮罫ԭݷգƼΪֺ꣬ʥǵһ
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ԳԪӤڹ
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顣
һײʻ֮ϣǵĻףĴ䣬δ󷽰ֱ塣
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û⵽ڰ֮ʱҷһвͬ


191 
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һŭײľʻȴ΢΢ҡҷԶԶȥ֮Ĵ䣬ͻһ㡣
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˵˫ƵƵ֮һϸС߻⣬Ȼˣ칭ɱԪӤڣľĴæֿЧȻ
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һĴŵָһ㣬ֱʣһɫԲֳƾһ˦ӡ
Ϊ˾٣ֱ;Уһĺ«ϵƮЩУһ̣һָ

һ䣬˫ͫ¶֮˿ƣƶƬ̣׾ţ³֮ͻ糱ˮ㡣
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ʱ򣬲ɢâ˵ֹӣȴ豣ʱʶӦУ̫ڣȴУѡ
һʣɫΪأڻٶȣΪĿ죬˫ּϡɼ׹ǡ
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һڳ鶯ΪʹԽԽ󣬺ɫľͷϵֿգȴֵס̫롣
һ̫󷢳ȸԾͻζͣɡ
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ʱƽɫľͷή룬ԴĿ΢̫ΪأѰԪӤʿ̫壬ʶȥһɱƳֻǽΪ鷳ѡ
Ǻɫľͷ𣬵ƺ޷Żǣƣ̫壬򲻶ɡ
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Ƭ̼䣬ľأɫأӦܣֻɿһĩȹС
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ȥһƬҲУˣ鲼أԼֻһӶѡ
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֮⣬һԪӤ룬鵤ҩޣżŮЩŮɣѩ˫ޣɿٻָ֮ˣָʶ֮ˡ
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˲ֻ֪࣬Ϊʮ


193 
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ɫŮزϴŴ˵ⱾǶΪʥȿʮɽϣԴÿհŮá
Ϊһǡ
Сᣬǽʥˣδˣ˵˳ΣǷһ㣬׺ӣŮУһϴܣС
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պȹһŮģǰΪڤһһභսʮ죬һţӮˡ
Ҹ˵˻û壬ʥǰһſô𵴣ŭһɴǧ
ŮੲݵԼΧһˣһ䣬ΪȸԾ
ʱ󷽴ţһ껺̬߳޳ɫĮΨһ۵ģǺ󱳾޴«߳ɨŮ΢΢һδᡣ
߳ϼŮߴߴ׿ȥһŮѯʣƬ̣ɫһ䣬һ
ʥôѰԽ룬꼫Ϊ˵֪˭룬Ȼݼߡ
º˫΢գıչأƾԻָΪ֪Ѳ𵤴Բ֮
¾㱸£Ҳǰһֱѹļ䣬ÿеƣʱÿ֮ʣᶨ뵽Ӱӡ
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˵ϵͳ볣˵ȴŮһļвŵĿϷһŮʵ㡪ǺˣҪ֪ϵ¸أ
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ʣ༸Ůɲ˴˵Ĵ۾Կ꣬дɻ
ɫ糣·ŮΪһۿУټŮ֮в£ʱһʻʮ

ճŮвùߣԵ䣬Ƭ̣ɫüΪ԰ףϥū澲֪
ʥõλ·ϣЩǶֻʼնû뵽ͳʮɽ֮ᣬټǰһŮ˵Ϊһ̬׳˶Ĵ󺺣̤أֶ졭
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Ů˴̧ۿ꣬ɫ˵ĮƺЩνˣŮ뿪;иǺݺݵСᡣ
ʲô׳˶󺺣ʲô׷ߣһꡭ
Ůһһ뿪ɫأȹȥܾЩףڹȥ֮иУѪľֵơ
֮ʱŴʿ룬ڿϷ󣬱˴ɫһ䣬˵ڵأȡ
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ԽԽʿ룬ʥõģкȵģеһʿҲ½ʿһ⣬ڿ󣬾Եϥ䡣
ʮɽ֮ƿǧʿѪ
ɫ糣ٻ֡
ڱϥ䣬ɫΪĿббϷ꣬˴
ˣڳء
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Ŀһ˵оţʿɫ΢䣬˴˻һۣȴһ飬һЩʥʿ
ĮɱϣȻˣǷԣ
ʥϢͨ˵һʳ㵹Ǽ򵥣ϾʮɽΪϽ֮һʳΪһС
ӣԪӤʿʮʮɽԪӤȣ֮
ڶɡ
̫ԶϢʥòǺϤΨһ֪ӦţΪɷ֧
Ż򵥣ǴӰȴܴ
һվ΢΢ֵˣȥƣããڣʮɽʿǰȥ޴½ʵС
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Ŀ˸Ͻ֮ȥɹ⣬ʲôطг봫󣿡
ȷϲǻУǷ񳤾봫ͣߵ
ԣ貢˼Ƭ̺󣬹ϵϲ޴Ҫǰ֪ʳ֮½ֱȥϲǡ
ԣӦʣʮɽһƬ죬Ҳ֪ǳǳˡ
˵̬ȣ֮Уһ֣ҹʱ
£һһȥ˴˻ظ¡
üžһĿ˸֪ΪΣļ侹Ȼӿ죬͸ſʣƲ
ơҵļ磬ãҽȥ
ʱͻأһĻĻׯͽڴЦڣĽݺνӴС²䡭
ѹĽݺȥ
ÿڴˣָоʵһΡ

ҹɫ٣ҹ֮ϣ¹֣Ϊ׻֮â˸ϥתһӰֳԽԽ
ʳӴ߳޾ǿգ¶Цݣͻأ򲱾ů⴫
ѹӦÿԪӤˡĿ¶飬Ůһ󣬻ѹļ䣬֪ʱ˿̣ʺϴĽѩ
â˴ʮӰֳƬ̼䣬һ֣ĳһȥ˸ȥâʮֳԽԽ࣬һ󣬱˴Ÿȥ
һĻһʱ֮
յأĿǿգ˫ͫΪ䣬Ʋ֪Ҫãڴ֮ǰ轫вŮأԳȥ
ֲ֪˶ãֱ峿ʱ֣财дΪѸš
Ŀкâ˸һŭһ׻𹭡
ֱʡ
ӽ󣬴šҷųٶ𹭻ʮұۣʧ
ʼգٵϢ֮ʣͬʱ֮һֱͨʡ
һ·ϣƿհ㣬޾ǿձ
һõĻ滨ţΪѤһĻʳǰվԿоȣ
һߣӰء
š


194 ն
һʱ䡣
Ͻʳ֣֮˵δϽϽܹ֪˲һͳԳš
˲£ŵɣʿ֣֡˵硡
壬Ľѩվڷ嶥ưƣǱ¶ܰЦݣһձϢĺܿ죬֪Ϣʱʵ𾪡
иоΪ
ţдʵʱΪһյĻţҪ֪ӣ֮࣬߻лŴ󡭡
ΣһжΪҡĽѩٿǴ⣬صͷ֮ǰܱвԳȥ飬μļ䡣
үүȻȥ
һĽѩתȥīɫƽ˫ֶվɿī˫ĿŨŨľȣˣĽѩһЦƣ뿪
īϴ˴룬ӯȥԸоźܿģҡҡͷ̾뿪;аõ˳⣬ɱ񡭡
˵ҡͷ̾ȥļȴһңɱϲǵĳӣĳϣǷ֣֮

Źֵ뷨īͻأһ죬Ͻ˦˦ӣʵ뷨ɨС

޷ֱܱ߰Ʈ죬Ƶ֮Уͯţɨ۽ľ޷壬СϺ
ͯǰΪһߡ
үү콣𣿡аСͯﺰڴˮţϣ峺˫۲ʱǾ޷壬֮ɫ
ͷձñһǣһźӣЦǺǣޣǾ޷Ƥʵǧ֮ԶǾ޷Ƿɣû֪֪жȥȻһٸҲ֪м˳ɹõģˤȶϹۣáͶˡ
ɣôװǹԹԵķţɡ
ҡͷСڸ޷·˴뱲ˣȴһҲû
߻СͯƲƲ죬һҲû٣Ҳѧ󷨣Ҷţҫһ϶ǡ
һһŢ·Уǰһҡʮ֮䣬һŨܺ룬ҧݣɫЩ
ھһһʮ֮ʱͣӣǰСͯڶߣʱСͯգգۣСѧ֮볤ţԵˣӣϵΪͽ
һСͯĿһ𣬵ȴһۣŭȥȥȥƭˡ
˵ţ˦ȥȻһĻ߲ͷһμ
ӱܹţޣδϲٴζСͯգգۣɵ޷ȥ
ޣƭ˵ĶȥҪۣȥϤĽ̵
Ͼ⸽˹պͯ£ţë
Сͯԣ鶯۾΢ӣͷƭ˾
ʱӿϸƶУС΢΢ټ٣ټ棬ʱԵǰ޴۹⡭
߼Ŀһ΢΢ˣĶȥһֻֽС׷Ȧǰͣ¡
նٹϽڡ
ϵֽϴƬֽ޹Բ
ڿֽ׻ҽɫһĳ̬Ϊأһ󣬽һ㣬Ӱʧԭء
ʱСͯɿ󣬵СϲǶƵӣȻƾʧˡ
үүˡ
һͷʲôҲûŭޣҪ̤ʵأҪˣ˲ġ

콣壬ֱɽſȥһ޼ʣ˳ŷɵﲻ˷嶥Ϊڷ֮ѱ鲼󷨣ˣַܹƣԨ
Ͻڡ
̤УԽƣʱ޷ɽֳһɾԴﻨ㣬׺ƮƮ˲
ӲΪٴǰУϷһ޴ֳŽ裬ϼ˸޴ɽϣʮߡ
Ӹ£ע⣬һϸɫһ䡣
ĴӲμϡΪװµӴ£ڵӹ
ӵɫΪ£һͷֽɽţڵӲҶԣӽ룬κ󣬷վֱӡ
ʦ֣ǳ˭һʮСʵ
µӿȥӣĿ¶֮ɫնϽΪɫӣ񡣡
ꣿ
ڵɫһ䣬ٴοǱӰʵһ
Щ̤;ʮ꣬Ҳոܳˣȣʵ֮
Ҫ֪ʮ٣𵤣ûаɣڽ𵤵ԪӤʺõģҲҪ꣬лħһ٣ԲȣҲͻƲˡ
񡪡Ͻԣǧˣꡭ
ڵӾɫµ΢΢ͷڵӼѲΣϽ֧նʦΪһˣı֣ƽ
ʦΪβȥڣʦʣҲġĿ¶֮ɫϽڶ⣬ΪΪ֮磬Ϊؽܳʿۼ֮ء
ȥĵӣ޼
⵹˵ʦڴ˳󣬷ŲϽڣĻᣬҲԾܾˡ
˲Ͻ̸ȴɽŶС
ʱնŹ㳡첽У֮ڵӾͣϰ
ǰ̵ʮɽȹᣬϽ֮ǰ֮նУһսһսֵĵӣ֮࣬ʱԪӤڡ
ǰãɽУնһǰȥһҹϲã
ǰѪնողһǰսѪ׷ɱ£Ѫն⽭
֮ն¼ϽڣΪĽǰ̽£Ͷףεңε䡭
һ·ǰУնŹĵӣûյĵɵҲû֮ɫ¶Цݡ
ЩӣԼնʱֻҪټʱգЩӱضάһԱ
֮ģΪ棬άħΪն֮Ը
ϡǵöʱһĻնׯһҹ˵Ѫմף£Ϊ֮ܿܿһ
һҹϮĸħҲἵ
ֱºն֪նׯһҹԭԼħѪħ飬̰
ΪմһصħһڽʱնĿ¶âֲԼȭڲƬһ
УĵǻĿ֮УռΪ࣬ϥΪһˣüĿϽȫ
Ͻڴ֮ȥܳ⣬ػϽԶħʮɽɹ㡣
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ЩȫΪοնĻᣬΪǼᶨػϽȫ
ն΢΢ͷٿ༸ˣ˵һ;Ϊµʵ⼸˵ͣСʱЩϤָϷ֣н졣
ΪϽܳӣϽЩǰΪ󱲡
ɣ
ȫһЦһָԣһֳڿնϥ󣬵˹ȥʮɽʥټ˷֣һЩн
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ȫ֣صͷݲʵǴʳűҲ֪֮£ûз񡣡
նɫĮ˼һʦ֣նʮɽϾɽ֮أ޷ڡ
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аա
ԣնһˡ
ʮɽն䣬ٷնˣʮɽһֱȺס
ȫ΢΢ͷ˼Ϊ֧ڣֻ֮ɣնģ
˵˻ʱȫĿؿն
նü䣬ȫ¶Цݣնüëš
ն⣬ɡ
ԴˣȫնʵڣԼնսŶѣ
ڵϢȫòóηһܣȥʵ⣬һ޴«ն֣صƬ̣վӣ²˳٣̡
ȫ֪նԸ񣬼΢΢ͷ
նһֺ뿪һ㣬ֱӴӽϿշȥ
޴«ƺ졭һ·Уնüͷ΢壬˵Уɱħ廨ţһʱ䣬ҲԻ䡣
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µʮɽȥʥȳԪӤ⣬һоӣ棬ţһն
Ϊոճɳʱգ˲ܿܽͨ񡣡նĿ˸Ƭ¶Ц
ܿϧһнɱ

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¶ʮ֮䣬ɫΪĮĿɽ㡣
һɨ޾ɽһ
ˣΪ׷ߣһǺ꣬ʱɫԹӣΪɽ뻶ϲǽΪǧ
裬ʱŽһͷ̤ն˼˵档
ɽֱīǣǴޣÿҪȴʱ䣬輸ȵϲǣʣļʥʿҪʱ䡣
ϲкر𣿡;Уѯʵ
󣬳ȥŽ⣬ʣ˾ԪӤԲʱ軰ɫԹһߵϲΪϽת֮أκܡ
ϴһлһɣʵԪӤԲ˵һΪɹϣһк֣ΪʿӵԪӤʮϰ١
ķӲʮɽ۵ΨһҪģǻһɵıɹ
΢΢ͷǣʱв²⣬׿ۼˣϲĿΪڳУ¡
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ֹֻ̨ⷬҲҡ
ϣ˵˵ɹٴʵ
һ߲ҵ͵ɹΪ֮һϽڷ֧Ŵ˹Ůޣó˫֮ͬʱʹ֮Ҳ쳹ء
農ţִ۽֮УƣϽķΪĹ㣬֮֮ٻ֮ȵȣɹ֮̽
ģǰһ޴ǳֳԶԶȥΪָ֮С
ʱڳ£ǳظһ޼ʣ˿壬˳ǲһţǷš
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農ŽͣԻϲǳǷ磬оȣͨʿۼ֮أȻ˵
ˣһв̸ᱻ˳Цɱ֮ٴνͣĿ΢ʱΪϲϽȻ˳⡣
ֻ貢ǲϲֻǸΪ棬ϲǣڲҪ֪֮ˣΪģ֮һ;к壿
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λˣҪ˫ʯŮ˰ʯһŶڼ˾վʱһŮŵΣΪˡ
ҪŽ󺰣漴ɫһ죬ͬһνСϱ㣬ŤŤ仨ڣүҪһɡ
ճԣŽѹ裬ɫϽһ䡣
ӣЦ֮ЦүôɶŪ˫أ仨֪үƤ
ɫ䣬ɨ۳ϣ˳ŽֵУŮʱһ

ŽֵУԻϲǵңΪ˽⡣
һ·ƹݣ˫õ꣬ᣬĹݣʤͻ˳ǳذ㣬Ȼɱ֮£Ǽֲˡ
Ψһ𣬳һЩʿװΪɫ⣬˼価Դɫ
ǻϲǱʿ
תһ룬ϲǵʿΪ˫޶ҲΪӱĳֶʿɱĶ࣬źһֿ
ʱڽһʯ輸˴ϲǴȻʧ˵شīһ㣬ֻǶ̾봫͡
ӣô죿ŽеѯʵĿƬһתڽֱǰ׻Ůϡ
ɫĮ˼ʱˣ˳һƹݣϽ֮̾˾ۼԵõϢȥϲ⣬ϹŴ󡣡
һ΢΢ͷ
һɶʯʱŽѸһŮ޵٩輸ߺɫһ࣬׷ϣѵһΣ˫ޣ̫˷ˡ


195 Ϊ
һ·ǰУֵЦ֮ϴߣɫĿⲻʱߣ룬ϲ֮ңʵ飬ϲʵ
ĳʿӣ庬ֶΪѲԪƺҲȼꡣ
Щ˲׷ңʣҶ谵һ;ѿ꣬ģʵټ
ˣعŮֻİʯڲǰ֮ʱ·Ů۷棬ױˣѩֱϣعɰɼ
贩ſĶֻɨŮĮǰУŮڿͤͤŵĻ䣬һۿ壬ŮڣӣȻ֪˫޶١
Ůҧ¶֮ɫƣ׷ȥ꿴˵Ŀ⣬ˣΪǸĪ⣬ǰĮ꣬ƺڼеλߡ
Ҫָоòʣ֮ͯ˫ޣζΪ
һ˦Ů׷ʱתĿкâ˸һ䣬ǿɨŮһ׷档
ߣƴŮľսӴʿϢΪϤɻһ㣬ԪӤڡ
겻֪ǺηԪӤʿҲ˼Ůѹļ£һĿȥ
ˣǾƹ¥ȥϲǻһ뺫⣬ϽҲۼ¥Ͼ¥˵ΪʿۼҲʧһǲ֮ءϽ͵
農ţʱ˽⣬аһȺӡ
ŽֵУ;д˼ͼʿʱֽǴһ¥ֳԶԶȥ¥һ㣬ȴ÷˻ƽ죬Ϊûʡ
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ǲʮɽЩ壬ʮɽɱ¾翴ľˡ
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ΪϽһСɣͲһֲģϲÿ춼
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⣬һҲԪӤԲˣнӴīǰꡣ
һҲǴ˲⶯֣ԼˣռϷ磬Ȼ֮ʵĻֲͬϾ֮ʣҹɨһС
⣬ʮɽʿٱ䡣
ҲᣬĿΪ󣬲֦
ʱŮֻϲس䣬һŮȻЦ͹ٲܾƣ˾оʶ֮ЧϽأΨлϲǶ
Ҫ֪˾ȥϡ⣬ĴҶӡ
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ѣҿ£
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仯֮죬ȷʵѿ
ĿɨŽŽ򣬸Ͻ
ɡ軹һ
ʱɵЦĿⲻɲһǰǰƽһۣȴ깧ټԪӤߡ
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뷨𣬺иΪһīһĻ¸ˣأУΪ֮
Ҫ֪ʮɽϽ֮ǿǻϲǿɱ⣬޿Ļ˵ֻҪʮɽ޳ϲһտɸ
º󣬺̸Ҳ磬ֻǺоǰ꣬ӽԼιĨǣҲײһ˿Ϣ
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̸ü䣬ƽʵ֣ϲ޳봫󣿡
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Ŷֻʡɫ䡣
īǴͣоϽأ롭ҡҡͷȴ˼֪Լ˵ΪϲһʵǱʿ졣
ʣܰæ顣
ˡĿһڻϲǳǧһˣ˵輫ɰ㡣
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ΪͣΣԪľΣѳˣʲô쳤ؾãʲôãã;ޣһѹʺ
壬޵Ķ
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λѣǰδ壬˵һ𣿡һŽǰͣ£˫磬п
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ֻĻֲҲӡ
һ·뿪Ц֮˰˷
ʲôװߣ
һΪķǿأԪӤΣԹԸӰȥ
ȥ̵ģǻϴֹҵ⼸ˡ
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ҵɣʵġĽݺƮļ䡣
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ӰӣǼᶨ꣬˵Լĵ
նϷ׷ҪסӦüµĶ
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һĿһǰԷ֣ǱȻ֣ǽΪͨþƣˣ岻ͬС
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Žҧ㣬ҧع𣿡ϵЦ
Žԣ򣬵ָоģһԹϣ׷ȥ;аӵ˼ȺӣĿ֮¶֣岻ͬ϶֡
£ƺȷʵԣСƨںţǰˣȻһ㡣ŽĿһ
¥¿ڿˮӣ
лᣬǣ


196 
輸һ뿪ϲǣֱϷȥ
ֿеˣܷ촫貢ΨһϣҲ𣬽ɹһУ⡣
ⲻϣġ
ڷһʱ󣬳Ŀ˸裺ˣ˸١
ˣɫ糣ȴһʶ𵤴Բ󷽸ٵˣ˿δȻʶȻҪ̫Զ
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Խǲ²⣬Խ϶
Ƽ٣ЫԽԽʱŽĻȻָǰӣǺ졭


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ĿĹˣһлϣɫ΢䡣


201 ջǳ
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СӣиУӦΪ֮·ϾҶҲ˳Ŵ˺䡣


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һ䣬Ƶȥ
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һʦҲͨΪ˴Ҳ˵Ǵȥɫһŭָǵ
˵ˣ㡭ǵӼΪί
ˣŵѣʱҵȸΣѾӦļ¶ʱΨͷ˵ء
кΰ취ɻȥɣȺɱĪ˵ǻţϽ赲ָҵ㵹ùɡ
ϲҲˣȺɱԺδ
˻ɣǰ޶õӣΪ

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ˣϵȻɫҲ¶֮ɫиУϽĳУӽء
һУĮƽΪ
Ƭ̼䣬ǧ˷ɢɽܱߣһ¡
Ļ
ǰ轫һӳ߽ӹĿ˸ԴǧˣΪ
ǰ
΢΢ͷ
һƵ֮΢΢裬иУΪ˻Ϊһ˴ͬĿ
ΪһĪĶ֣ǧ꣬ľѪ˳벻мһֵֵ
߾ֵ
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ͬһˣһĿ꣬ĿĲݡ
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貢ǵЦ
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һˣǧˡ
ǧˣ
һ˵£ü˼Ƭ̵ǧͬʱͣռ⣬ܴܿգ
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š΢΢ͷֵһȥƲһͶ㣬һڣϷǧ˴ȥ
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206 аν
ʱ仺δ죬֮
һ콫㴫μ£ʣ죬ʱõƷһһ
ܿϵĲ࣬ΨȤģͨر˱ΪأӡʶſʹãĿǰ˽⣬˱޾
պͷţ貢δҵΨһ֪һպ󣬲棬
ⶫǹ졣ְһӣͨرӺӦΪʱ𵤴ԲԪӤһ֮ңֻҪһͷ̤ԪӤ
ֻĽ٣Ų㡣
ңֻһɽʧܣأ˵ĻɽǰκβԲԪӤΪ֮
֮ǰɽӤ硣
˾ʵԪӤؼ䣬ֻҪûŶĽߣӤԪӣʵȴ㡣
ȱݣǽ𵤲ԪӤ򲻿ԪӤϣء
Ȩ֮߶ѡ
ƣػһ꣬ʱɽӤ磬˱ʵ칭Ӧĵ
ȥɵ˱ȻԪӤǷиУӦûС
ϾԽԽѣԪӤѶȰٱ֮ࡣ
񡪡ԪӤ񣬿ɸأ⾳
һ𣬲Ӥ磬ټǧԪӤޣɣơ
ˡ
ʱ
˫ʶӦ¶ЦݣվӣԽŴ򿪡
룬Цɨ裬ڴ£ҡҡͷԽ˽ӴԽϿĽݺӰӡ
СӣѲ£ҹȥóǹ˼ڣ
ҹֲԼȭ¶ϲЦݡ
ӣǧޣʮϷһͯ˲мƲ죬һڴ̺ң
ᣬʱϲõҲǼӿ졣
̺˫΢գҲ²⣬֮а򿪣ʱӵߣۺεأͣСӣл֮Ϸо仰
˼һ¡
ţɵûһвǿϷ֮⣬лᡣ˫ۣĿ¶
һ΢΢ͷлᣬһˣҲʶ
һ̣ǹЬ׿˿ģˡ
һһɫƬóӵ軳Уһػɵġ
ڴߺߣϷֻ֮Ҫʯվӣȥ
ģɣ˰
պƬ˾߳ʱѯʵǰУΪλ
΢ͣƬ̣뿪
ɵ˵Ӯˡ
ԣ΢һϸĿ˸ͣ
а֮꣬˵ԪΪ꣬ʱδ֮Ѱܡ
ľǧ꣬ˣһֵֵãļĪҡͷļ䣬һжֵá

ҹɫ٣һҫء
ɽ֮У˾վţٴμ飬µٲ󰭣裬ͳ˳ɼʣ׼ˣ
΢΢ͷɨŽˣȥڣػɽȡ
󣬸˵ͷʱüͷһ壬ɫҲ
¹֮£һ̤Ƶᣬ¹£ӰӱļΪĳ

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ʱնУ·ĿǱź«ϣɫ΢䡣
㣿һȡ
ǰ׻һĻն˼ܣʶˣԼУ֮㣬ӡ
꣬նΪͣԵץ꣬ȥȡħ⣬ͽ֮ͷһΡ
һħޣǵɱа
£ϣһͳʮɽţƻϲǣϽʵΪʮ
ģնȻʧһϸ룬˵Ϊ𵤺ڣƾǣʮʵ⡣
˵ʵ顣
ϧݵ̫Ȼɾȡʮնҡͷּ̾䣬ϸ⿪
նĮ֮һĿģˣɫء
ڼǰ֪ʵĪ⣬⼸Ͻв²⣬ӻǽһšն
ϾϽڸ֣ʵ򲢲࣬һһɸѡΨ˿ܡ
һʶһأɽһӰɳʮޡ
նûŶԿڸʱգȻ
ͻϹףԲʱ䡣
ܱǧ޷ն޶ԣ⿪ϸԪӤʿٶ࣬ûãɼ꣬ɱԪӤ֮ꡣ
㡪ڣֻһ
ģײ⿪¶һâ̶նһָ裬ҳѪգһʮ
䣬ն־ٽ΢һֱ衣
ɫ£֮ǵӰȻϱ󣬻ռذ㣬Ĵ޿ɶ
ڸ֡ǿ
亹ðԣȥʥ⣬ʵ򲢲࣬ǰռݵ̣ź𣬶£࿹񹥻
ļ֮ʱаٵâջΪһֱƻʵ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǵâУֻһ֮ͷſŭ
Ƭ̼䣬ٱ䣬رѪɫ֮أһޱˣɽߣͻʧȥ㣬ֻֻء
ڤ硪Ȫ
һĪѪҺһ̣Ҳͣ
ԽԽ侲һҧǸָѹ£һĺ«ֿ
治ǳˡ
ΪնĿ͸Ũڸ֣ʮ֮Ǹ⾳ɻ꣬⾳֮£ϢͷӦ
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նɱĸŨȲΪԼã衪
䡣
죬â䣬Ӱ
Ч
һ͸ͷһμýâٽףʱͷ亹ðͷ⣿
⾳һθ򣬶ԣǳ
ֻǿϧǣ¸

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â΢Ƭ̣޶ãٴγȥ
ĿԽԽأӼ˼ҹ治ã̫˯У칭ʱŷԼ֮ʵ١
â񣬾ʮס
ȻһӰ첽赲
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˿ڵǹǰƱ˵Ľâͻâ
⣬ʱýâףӲǰͣ¡
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նɫ粻һһ֣ϸâɻء
ǵڶ𣿡ײϸնӻ𼸰ǰʱ׷һħޣղϽˮ֡
ձȣնӣӦ
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»
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裬ͬˡ
ֻһһа޵С
Ϸ֪һ϶֮£ԵϷϣаսɫ΢£һһٵʮ󡣡
նĿ˸վأģһϸ̤뿪
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նӰء
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207 Ӥ
֮ǻаããһƬյ㣬ָоƾҲ֪˶ãȻͻأһڣʧ
٣ҲӦ
֮Ϊһɽڰ״Сһεα֮ˮ˳ʯ£棬Ӧöɡ
һǰƽģٴԾȭ¶
ơ
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󣬰˲㼸ʡɹˡпܡ
ɿ֣ɽһȦƬ̷ɽΪһܶͨ˴ʶӦڲͨ磬Ȼһܷܶ
Ƭ̺߻ɽ룬һĺ«ϵ鲼ܣϥ䣬Ŀ΢΢˸Ƭ̼ݣﵭǰлл
Ƭ̣һĴ׹ɳĹ켣ĴˣɽĻȻùƲͣż䣬׼һһ
ֱ󣬰Ʈ䣬㴫¡
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ѹǹɼͷļ佥һ̶ʱӤ硣
볣˲ͬ˵ɫ˳һ磬֮һ;ԽԾĸҪԽԼռ𣬵ڣǿ뾳С
ΪʵͻԪӤĽٰ㡣
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ϸϸȥɼСüͷţƺ԰ĵ̥Ϊϲ
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һ̥飬µľ磬˳ԪӤԵģĽҲͫ
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ʱƽС˵һиоиУü滺ۣϣһ
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칭ΪأʮԳʮ֧˵ʧȥռ䣬ɣ
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һѹ˼ʶܣиУǰһ˲䣬ʵ˼ˣֻǴʣȻδһꡣ
һĴóһɫʵƬ̣óϡ
мʯʮҶ׻޽ǣ֮ģЩΪƻĲϣʥõӣҲռΪĶࡣ
ЩУϻܹŭɷ
һ㣬ſһ£ףȥʣģںΪһκɫҺ塣
趯ͣóһٴηգȥʣʱϥǰĺɫҺԽԽ࣬ˣƲͣٽʣϼںɫҺС
̼Ϊĳʱһնһ£ǰҺɫˣ轫ƿóװɫҺ塣
ܹ
ɫأֻܹܹʮС飬ѪҺڹһóһƿ¡
ЩҺ壬Ӧδ⣬ҲкãҲ˷ѡ
һк貢ļ֪ŭɷˣƳɹʼͣҪ״̬
һ¹ȥ˫ۣóһƿҺ嵹ٽܹĩ룬ּ䣬ֳ
һóмʯҺһɨŵĹâмʯϿٻȥͻдְ㣬ɫרעӯ

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農Ƭ̣˲ͷ亹¶ЦݣЦݲδֶãĻȻ˲Ϣ䣬ȡ
ʯʼҲ
һ죬ͻһװ㣬ʯĻȻɽ𵴣ʯ£ĵ裬Ǿ˳ըֱ󵹡
ըΧ㣬ȴ𾪡
ٴվͷѪҺΪʱ֪Կ϶ǷŭɷһģԼ
һ䵤ҩɨĴ򱣻£첢޴󰭣ǣǰϥ䡣
֮·Ȼǳ˿ߣǵļ㲻ãһ˷֮ˡҡͷ¶ɬЦݡ
һɨʯٴƣܹһʮ壬ʮ˻ᡣ
䡣
ըң«㵹˲ѪĿɿڴһٴϥ䣬ʱʱִ
ҾͲţĻһҲƲ
䡣
ɽػɽѱ
һǧٿףɫҲΪ԰ףӿʼƣҲɣơ
Ͼƹ̣˵Ǳը˲С
ƣҲܲס
һֱʮλᣬɹΣ¶Цݡ
ըʮΣӦòʧ
ϸϸͷպúϥϽն
ʮʱ䣬ն׷ɱ
ûһţΨһģǽԪӤʵ
նʵϽǰʮʥ˲£˼һ϶ˣĺҲ׷ɱʥãϽͨе飬ԼΪϤ
˼ֹ˼պӰɽʧ


208 ǵѪ
վɽ˫΢գӦϤ֮磬ļ伫ΪܰҲ㣬һ˿˿
ƬأΪɳĵطȤҲź
շת꣬ҲΨܸһҶ֮С
ƣһˡ
һĺ«軺УһƬʡ
ڤɽ֮ߣһ׳ǳַǷȺﲻǽһ֮ò˳ڹʱׯ
ʱ䣬Գһ
ģҸǸƣһЩػʹ棬֮˵ǽ㣬ܱ߸ȴ˿ҷ侳
ǼɵҸ֣ǴУػ
ʮǰù主ʮǣһսҲʮܱ֮ڹΪǾʱ˭֪һҹ䣬ʮȫû
ùӣĪù³ŵԽ侳
𾪵ϢҰ
ʱգһҿǣһǸΪǿ߹ڴˣǵչԽԽ࣬⣬ΪΨһ塣
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ʱڻʶţһӰ߳Ů٣Щ⾱ȥһ⣬ҡ
ǽǵ֮£٣ÿͷʥϣѸиˡ
ģЩ뿪ףϵҲǻ£˴˹ʾ⣬̸Ц
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ңӵѪͳߣڣҲиߵ֣֮ΪҰ֮һһˣֻһˣδ顣
治˵ʵиУһˣˡ
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üͷ΢壬Ӷ˶٣ٶٴμӿ죬һĻÿ½ʶ⼸һЩңЦ
Ͼһ˶ȥ⣬һүүԣ޽
һˣѸˣ˻ΪͨĻ塣
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󲽿Ƭ̼ΧΪһ£ߵ̫ǣûҸ˵𣿡
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һ˽ʲôţš裬ߣ̫˵ƨһžˡ꿴̫ӣ֪̫һҲĳųϡ
ÿλع飬ųϼҲҪЩڻʷннܣһʳĽ죬һ֮֡
Ϊ֮ˡ
ţֲԼȭ
Ĭ̫ӳЦһߣǽʸ㣬һ죬һ塣䣬ɨ󣬵߰ɣȥϰ䳡д裬Сӣүүˣȥɥ
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Ȼ⣬Ļ֣ۡ
Ŀ⺮â˸ָּ׽ƴƣδһ뿪
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ǲ˼뿪ʳǡ
ֵص˶ļУ˼أΨһܼҷԸ䣬үүȥ
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һ˾ԺУµҶһз鼮򿪣ΪСģ֮㡣
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ס
мأһֱϵѪԴң֮꣬࣬ҲҶգ󷽣ǽһĽ衣
һزҲԣȴ̫׿ڶ˵ڿУԿ̫Լ棬Ϊ塣
һ¼ʱܿãһĪԵ£ţع飬ʱׯΪ档
֮һ;η裬ηǿᣬѶϣһ㣬һ
һ̫
档
˵زȫ̫涼ģȻǳˣÿˣпܣļΨһļС
ڣһܴȻͬҴ̫澴壬ܿܣλҪߡҲΪź
׼أùʮѹһ֮ùɣڿ󣬹ˣ˿
滹ڣλӻߣǻΣ
ҡͷⲻʵ뷨ѹ£ɫȻһ䣬ոüˣɶˣ
һţϽݣҴæ˼ڷŻʶȥ
Ĺڻʶ󷽣ھһػͷ
Ĺ֮أɽˮ㣬ﻨ㣬һɽȣ˵Ϊˮ֮أ󣬴δһĹڱɽһǡ
ϣرӲݣߵ˼ͷ岮˵Ĺʣȥһ̣˼ʱ
˵ۣ֪һʣԼһˣþТ
ģѽƻʱ֣ƣ͵Žݶ֪ڽݵϷΪһ£ɽȷ֮أҲһ桪ң
ȥ˰ѺĻȻȥ΢΢һ
ǹ¼ŵķͷ֪ʱȻĸɸɾӲݣʯţʣǲɣʯǰһӾš
Լȼյĳ̶ȣиУӹ˺ܾãп졣
˭ѵһ岮ʣϡǵãһУȥԼ⣬үүˣƺûܡ
壬ǺˣһСʵ
ɲΪƬ̺󣬷תһЦ
Щ


209 ѵ
Ŷ
ͷ֪ΪΣӵЦ䣬оܰͻԸ㣬ӺԣԹһԾվ
˫΢գδ飬ٴλصѷǰомΪʱһĻĻˣеĸš
ΪͨˣΪʮɱ飬Ѫ飬ǰΪһͯ
˵ĬһĻĻ˵
һ򱣳˼ʱֱҹɫ٣跽˫ۣվӣǰڵҹա
գڴˣϣ˵ݴ̣иУÿԻڴ˼ݣԴˣ⡣
ת迴꣬¶ЦݣϣֺϤ֮УͻѪŨˮ㣬ȻԼͬһ
㣬뵱ӵ˸оͬ
ǰվǰк
Ŀ˸΢ȣǰӽȥƺ䲢ҲǶʮ֮䣬ͱԹϣ벻Ƶ˭
ΨеĸоӸ֮С
塪磬ҽͷЦЦֵ磬һ𣿡
ǴЦݣֳЦݣǰɣ𣿡
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΢΢ͷһ󣬽һóһƬ̺󣬽һó겱
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ֻҪٹһ꣬йУҴһɳھ
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ѵǴ˵еġ̤ѩ޺ۣ
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󵨡
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磬δףߣΪϿɵĻ壬ǲҶҶֵġ󺰣ʳڲĺܶ࣬ͬΪѪն࣬һá
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֣֮һ߽š
ЩδǰУ迴ϣ顣
ԪĳŵδҴδׯ£ҲĺҪܽһգɡ


210 ҿʸ

׶صĳţƿ
㳡ϵƻͨͷܶ׵Ļñ俴һѹֳƵգǻܡ
ʳΪҪ֮أڳΪֻƬѴĴ
硭ɫΪ԰ף㳡ϢϢͷһԣһƬհףΨпǰ
ǰ̩ɽΪ䡣
߰ɡ
赭Щ˴᲻һ˿Ȥģȥһ⣬Գݣѵ󱲡
ͬΪʳǰλӦƽȡ
û˭ʳǵģ
ŭ˼Ƭ̼䣬ǰʿֿ껺֮ʿԵ
ϴΪһһ̫ӱüͷ΢壬ҹǣɿֻţǿжΪò˵Ϊʵһ
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ɫһ䣬Կֻţʱǰ국ûûкοɾ壿
΢΢һ̧׿ȥЦˣüͷ壬һҧûΪ֮һأӵʸֻǲѡ
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ͬΪʳǰΪα˿ģҲѵΪˣΪ䣿˫Ŀͨ죬ȭգȻ󺰡
һλǵͣӵе١û
ĵĲһһ˵Ź㳡һĻҺţܸо̫ӵˣܾȣҲܷŭ
˵ĺá
תȥĿΪɫͨ꣬л㱼䣬˶ʱԼΪߣӶ̵ǹִ
죬һ񡣡һǣ֣֮ǰȥ
ҵҪʥϣһк˵
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ԣһɫŮ¶ȻЦݣϸϸȥܷ䣬â˸ŮΪ֮һ壬ϵĻΪ顣
ֻҪһɨҼ˸գ֮һŮЦɨԴ̫ӣдĵԼ̫ϸ̫Ҳ

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ʥּ£꿴ߣ˴ҡͷ
Է˶ԣԼΪ֮ϣ˶ԣһоԸơ


211 ɻ
պ뿪ׯģСꡣ
Ԫ˴˵ĳŵûԪûԱ˴˲飬Ԫ֮ȴʸͷ˻Եһ¡
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212 յ
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ǰϣһӰգ֮ʣӰʧΨУ޵Ĵһ˿
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շת꣬ÿӶԻζʱ᷺ܻǵ䣬ʱǿĺִͯĺͯʧǵĺͯ
衣
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ڴأ½ӭ״δ٣֪ɷ
ߣϿһ·ɹӰԣͬʱΪһιʵΡ
ٴλʱ̺ĵطִݻ١
ĻȻ䣬ڴһӷʱĿĹˣ㳡ϣһͰЦָܱߵӵΪ
ʦ֡ɫ΢䣬ֲԼȭģ̾һҡͷȥ
ʱ輫ȥӰ·ڵӵע⡣
㿴ǵӣڹ棬ֱɶ
ǣ˷и߶ȣѴﵽڴļˣΪΰȻ
ѵ˲ӣ
һɻָָ㣬Ƭ̼䣬ӰʧʣȻڵӵɸǣڴڹ棬Ȼģ
ϣ̫ˣ֪Ǻɵģ
ӵĿ죬ڳϷѷɡ
ϣȥ׷׷𣿡
һӲǿŹ㳡Ϊߵ꣬Ϊڴ
Ȼ꣬üͷţΪЩӸߣǰǲն꣬һۿΪĪ⣬ܿԪӤ
ǣӰݣϤƺǵСʦܡ衣
ܣħս˵Ľݺʣʦ֣򡣡ȭ˵п϶֪ΪΣȴ⡣
СʦܵӣϤȥȻƱȻ
һ϶֮£Ӳı䣬ѡƬ̣Ұοҡͷһ֮ȥ
ǰ֮壬ĽݺȥݻָʵΪһӡ
²Ƿʵͨšһ·УɫԲ԰ףЩ£ĽݺʮѧͽģΪΣƣеӡ
ϾǶӣͬӵõĻ䡣
ԼΪڳϣӲ̤壬ףͻľս֮С
ͻʦְֵĽݺ
ʦҲǱΡ
ֱ壬Ƭ̣һ̻Իʹ˵ƴŶ롣
ΪտΨм䣬һһЦ壬ֻڿعس꽣ü΢塣
ʱ侲һֵţӡƺˡ䣬㳡
üͷţ˵ˬһЦʦܣˣ׵ȥѽƴ󣬳ȥӦ⣬ΨɽϹŴ󣬵ֻҪ˿ʿԽ롣
ˣſ־ݣͨͨ򣬳봫󲻿ܽ𣿶ҼܽҲкοɾ壿ɵʵ㲻𣿡국ü䣬ŨŨš
ɫԻĮ֮ŷԼˡ
ֻ΢ģƬ̣ٴСʦ֣ˣƺſˣǡ衣
ſˣ֪ΪΣµĻ衣
˾£ǿѨ磬ǳӴԳħսɱˡЩǻӣСʦܣΪأԶС
ʱмΪţǹϢϢ֮С
ʦܣӲȣþҪ֪ħս껰ＫΪͳļ䣬ֹŹֵ
ʦ֡
ˡĮ֣仰ϵ׼μ꣬ɢɢģȥɡ
ԣֵ̾ʦ֣Ҷˣұչؾļɡ䣬Ȼȥ


213 ջ
꿴ǵӰʧһ֣ϣ粻лҡͷ̾
˫磬ϸУԭһ㣬жá˫ۣ΢΢˸⣬ǻǵ
ãȷʵ˻΢΢ҡͷֵЩ£עҲǱ仯޳
ļǵãĽݺ췭ظı仯ɻعڣ֮λ£һеԭΪ֮ӡ
ܣ˰֮ã㵱ʱԽܡ
֪ɼɵĽݺӶһֱԼͬ˵Ӱ㣬ĬĬɳ
У跳աüͷһʵ޹أҲ޹ġ
겢ǵ˵ͷ
ֻ֪δܾܿҪԣ鼫Ϊڵһѣ˵ԣʵЩԽܡ
Ը񣬼ңҲ֣
ٴյ겻١컯Ūˣ
ԭҽУ
һ·У鼫Ϊأջһ㳡ϵ꣬ܿ϶ʦ֡
ʦΪ壬в²⣬ֻ²ٸн
ಣ
һǰ㣬ʣ֮
һ·СɵɽţٿֻţǼżҲкιΪ
ǵӰٶ磬ɢĿֲϢиУǽ𵤴Բ
Ҫ֪ƣɳϣҲǽ𵤾磬ɵ¸صţΪԪӤ磬Կ϶˵һڸ֣СУϵĴڡ
ԪӤڣƱʿʮ
Ƭ̼䣬ͣʶӦ΢΢˸ˣѪЦݣһĺ«ٴλǶɣٶȸΪĿ졣
ѹԸδй˽֪ɣʼ
أдԽԽ࣬˸ţܶ䣬һʮ޴Ͷ
ĻȻ䣬ǰâ˸Ŀһһɨȥ
ǰʮ֮࣬ȥһ𵤳ʿ⣬ʱΧһߣͬΪ𵤳ڡ
Դˣ貢ᣬٲ
Ȼ輸ǰǱΧѷʱؽҧһķɽƴ˷֮Σӭȥ
ѣһ֣
һ·ȥʵһΧʮɫԱ䣬˵׷ɱ
Ŀ΢ΪԵֿˣ֮ʣԼȻˣ˵׷ɱǣԼϡ
˵ȺˣΪ輫Ϊϲ
ʱǰʮͣ£ֵѣ֣һö
ʱڴǰ꣬䲻󣬵ΪĪ⣬ʮ˷ǵ壬ɷɱһ֡
貢Ŀ˸ͣˣ֮ơ
һĮɷóһۣ
ĿһԽѣҽˣϷ㡣˵˻ʱʮԽԽˣ߸Ϊ
ѣϷľǧõģΪֵ֮ء費ãϽ͵
ɱ˺ˣϷ㡣ڽĿ˸ɴʼգó
һЦ˼ᣬ뷨ΪأѰһʿɵõ²⣬ΪԣƭԼֶѡ
ٻ뷨ģҲ
߼費ΪĿ⺮â˸ڸӦ˺һҧһ裬ȥ;д󺰣ϼɽСǶϷҪˡ
ЦһһӣĴͣǰʮ֮
ʱǰʮĿ˸һΪ£ܿ׷ߣΧɱ֮Ƭ̺󣬽ڵӷǰ
һ󣬽깰ֵѣɽϹֽ㣬ʵ򽫶£ҵȲ޶ԹǴ໹
껰ＫΪĳǰΪ죬ڽڣϡ
Ŷ
Ŀ˸һ㴢ǴӶʱ֮һһɳһڼ䣬Ʒϣһ֣С
һͨӨһǹӵľӡ
ֻĿ⣬ڹӾϣ¶Цݣһ֣ӾպãΨͷ
ŲһΪţʧʣ˭֪վƼһ档
ʱɫ΢䣬Ͻһ֣ڵӽʣ֮պãЩƷΪݣһЩķҲ׷ɱߵĿġ
˵ʣģ㹻ףˣ갵Ƭ̿ʣ΢ЦѣУֵơ
ʱ轫˼һüͷΪϤ֮УƺҲһ顣
ǾŲȥʱ͵ǿ顣
ĬѣǼٵģɽϹô˼֪ƭ˶ˡ
Ŷ
üͷ΢ʶӦɨʱȷʵӦһ˿쳣
죬˵գʶӦҲ˿͸ٵģʶһɨɹᴩȫϸϸ͵ԣǰΪ飬ȻǺá
ɫ䣬һ󣬰Ƭ̼䣬ȷʵԣʶһɨˣӣȫţӦ󣬹ԣգʶҲܴ͸
꣡
飬¶Цݣʱļ䣬ϲãһֱԴ͸иоǹŹֵ֮
û뵽ԭӵС谵˴Ӧ˵ĳŵ
Ƭ̺꣬ʵšϼɽӣ
΢΢ͷ¶òЦݣǣһºŴ٣Ƹžǰ֪
΢΢һͷУ
Ŀ϶ٴι֣ȻԼȻԼˣһº󣬾ǰף١
䣬ʮ˹󣬷һһȥ
迴ȥˣü䣬һ㣬ȥ
һºϼɽŴ٣Ǿʹ㿪ʼ


214 ٣
ɽۣ֮ӭվԶããɽĿ⼫Ϊ䣬꣬һ˷ǡ
Ϊ޹ˣˣ޹֮ˡ
һУļһ˿
ܺ赱ᶨ̩ɽ˿
Ľݺ֮赱ŵɡ
˿ִᶨꡣ
ĻȻ䣬һ紵賤Ʈ裬˫ͫ亮â˸ͣһȭ
ɡ
ȴˮ㣬ӵʣɽ֮£ͬʱɽڲǾ޴ܶ䣬ϥĿǧʿڴһ̣˫ĻȻ
һ뿴򶴶ĺ
顣
𵴣ͻӻȪһħӰǧĹܶڴ˾춯֮£ĻȻ
ɽۣ֮ԽԽӰۼɫ£ɷ죬Ŀ⾡Կǰɽǰꡣ
ˡ
ס
費ΪʣһתȥĿ⣬ʵʰ㿴͸ʮꡣ
һĿ⣬֪ΪΣļͻأӿ죬ĸо
ˡ
Ŀˣʱˣ·һ˲䣬һˣͻõĽɱ¾Ϊˣ뻯ħ
ǰΪĮΪ顣
㵱ϲǴŭҲûµĿ£ⲻŭһ䡣
һ˿˿⣬ӻѪиȾԪӤʿԼԪӤԲʿһ̣ļҲǳ⡣
飬ŭ¡
Ƴ봫ڣӦţɽĻ˵ţȴָˡ
·ƻȥ
ָ򣬼ʿ˵ŸߣǸ֪ںεأƻ£У᲻һ˿ܡ
֪ҲҪ
ȥɽϻʣʿʱЩɫ£˿иУȻһ衣
Ŀ˸һ󣬵䣬ʷȥ
˲ͣţгŽȥѯʣŽҡҡͷ˼һ󣬷ټӿ죬ʵ
ӣȥ
׿Žٶٴμӿ졣
١

ϼɽλ֮ɽ˰ɽˮ㣬ﻨ㣬Ũ̶ȷǱڣڴ°빦ΪϼɽƲ֮һ
һգʣơ
ϼɽƴɽţɽ˺һԶʿ£ֵϲϹŵЦݡ
ϼɽŹʢ˰١
ϱĺֻҪʿ٣ܳţҲϺ١
ʢа׺ףԪӤڣһĴڡ
ʱƴɽ֮Σæµĵ߶̸Ц֮˷ɽ䡣
ʱһ׺׷Ƭ̣һɫɮ£ǣһͯӣһͨѪԲƬ̣ɮԲݸӿͯӺ󣬵Ц֡
ӷ𣬹صѣٱɽ
˼䣬һվɫ£üϣһ磬ɮǰˬһЦֵϣԶдܰ
գһɮ֮ԶҲǰ١ɮֵĿ޿ɽţһɽ֮аƵ¸أΪʿȻ֮߳ࡣ
ʢΪţ֮󡭡
ɮ˼£̧׿죬һƮ䣬δٽ֮âҫأƬ̼䣬â£һ국Ц
ɫһ꣬˴Ϊ𵤳ڣݲСΪڳϡӡ
ӽ䣬΢΢ǰǰ١˵ưǹʢΪʦһǣ񲢲Ϊ
ʢˬһЦַӣɫΪ֪Ϊɷ֧ԶСΪڳϣǰ;
˼䣬һЩ̸Ц
һʱǰһƴδٽ¡¡֮
Ӧţȹǰ٣
ûãƴɽ£һһŮɷеŮɫʢǰʱ
ʢˬЦŨкˡ
ֹƬ̣жԪɳǰ٣һʢЦ󣬽յĴ٣ΪɾԺ٣ʿҲϼɽ̩ɽĵλ
һֱʱɽϾۼʿѲǧ
ֵƬ̺еӴ󺰣ʱѵڿͽ
ԣЦݸʢ˴̸ЦţŹʢɽȥ
ʱ⿴ʣüͷ΢壬Ƭ̵Ц֣ǰ١
ǰвͣ£ЦЦ׿ȥ
ʵ֮£һӰ粽κѤƲ㣬һ˿ͻʣߵ·㡣
һ͵ľٶȴĿ˸һЩΪϸߣ̤ͣնУκ֮ƽأΪٽϡ
ͷǵʿʢҲиоɻ󣬰룬ƽʿ֮УϢƺΪİ
ɻ֮䣬ǰӰƬ̼䣬֮£ֱţ·ˣ¶ĪЦݡ
ʱüͷ𣬽뿴ȥŷһ꣬һϮ£޴«ֻĿʱܸоЦݼΪ죬ƺǳЦƺѪ
Цݣ˸䡣
ɲ꣬࣬Ϊȴнڣǰ;͵ļ𣬽ڣΨƸϹֲС
˼䣬Ψ롣
һΪʢʱüͷ΢壬Ϥ֮Уͻ㣬ϸϸȥֻ䲻
ڶΪɮɫΪ飬иӦϣѪ֮ŨȻɱ¾иУӤ磬ʵԲֹ
һˣǺӣΪϤ裬˵Ŀģһ
Ļˡ֪̾ΪǿҲԪӤڣȻڳ֮ˣһƶ֮
ԪӤڣȥʢ⣬ʮ֮ࡣ
裬ӣӲް֮£գк̣иӣϣܳ䲻⣬뵽ʱڴܰˡ
λѣ֪մ
һ󣬹ʢüͷһֿΪ٣ֻҪΪﵽһޣͬƣǿ֮
˵Ͽļֹоƺҵġ
ΪζϷ٣ʶȤ򡭡ʢ
ʱɫ糣ĿĹˣɨӣɮϣüͷ΢塣
ĿͰɮΪԪӤڣ֪ΪΣй֮УɮԪӤ֮ϣո̤
ҪҴҪǺ֮Ϊء谵նԣ̸оԷϢ֮ǿɮǷ֣ΪĹԸһȡ
ֻҪɮûնǹĪΪնһˣҲá
ԪӤУǾǧˡ
ѹ˼迴ʢĿ⼫Ϊ˸ħսһĻԼʦˣһһ¡
ÿ˴֮ʱһĻ
ҲΨһ֧
衪ǰ١


215 ϼɽΪһ
裿壿
㿴ңҿ㣬ϵɻɫʣ¶ţ֣ǲδ⣬壬ûǴӦڵġ
أĿ⿴ӣֻǴʱüͷţһԡ
塪裿ʢĿ˸л䣬Ϥ֮ԽԽǿңգȴһĤ㣬
裬䲻ֻ֪Ϥ
ȥʢ벻𣬵ħսǹִ꣬ɱӵ꣬һ¹ꡣ
һУͻ㣬ʢ׳УοУȥԣͻ̰㣬ļ䡣
ϸƬ̺󣬹ʢ׷ڵӣţҵͬˣɣ
赭һЦ㣬ΪΪ󱲣ճ٣أ
ڿЦ⣬ʢ¿϶ӦĽҵģ˰֣޷ļɡ
Ļһ䣬ԼʿҲǵЦ
ǰͬΪʿļɡ
ǹصѴ٣ǰ٣Ҳһˡ
ɡ
һ𣬼Ϊ
ȻΪ£Щ˹Ȼÿڣ˽ڣ䲻νǰ;Ū죬Ҳð¡
ֻЩ˵Ļδɫкα仯Ŵһһɫӿ£ϱ󡭡
顣
ͻһʯ㣬ɽ֮ǰ
׼䣬ͨڣһǵˣ㷲Ҳɻ֮رǴ֮ա
ײġ
ɽǰͻأɫľ֮һ˲ֿհ֮ɰ꣬͹ײ֮⣬˽ޱȡ
ףϼɽʢţнա
Ƭ̣ŵɽ䣬Į𣬹ʢͷ֮ϣֳ˫ͨ죬Ϸꡣ
֪굽кξģҲ֪Ϊµŭ졣
㲻ͣϷҲ㣬ʢŭЦУɱ𣬼ΪԼ١
ʶһɽǰڵӾεɱ˫ɢֱֻ꣬Ҫʢһ֮£ڵӵǰ
͹ײģǵţɨϼɽӡ
ѣջشȻµǸϷͬڣһʢͳɱ죬ǸһӣȻҪΪܿҲڵλᡣ
ֻһ񲻹أǿϣҲ̫١Թ˵ţ·ѹһĻ޶á
ˣ·ʿҡͷ֪̾ʢǰһһջعײģϿҵǸĻ»¡
ʢԳֽڣ򲻿һӡ
Ҳ
Բ
˼䣬ΨĿ˸ҲΨҲı䲻˾ƣиУãȥڡ
ϼɽΪһѡ
ǰأˣԶܿļޡھͬʱҲΪ塣
Сľٶһֱ£裬޶á
ʱü΢ĮأȻ٣Ǻá
䣬һָʢһŹֵΪɻ𣬹ʢüͷĸʼգĳû벻ͨϵյĳϡ
Ƭ̺һָľٶδα仯ɽɾš
һʢŭŨٸӣ뷢Ȼʱ߹ƲϮͻһƬīˮ㡣
ٶȼΪĿ죬ģ
ͷӿһۿȥڰ٣ϢɲδٽǹԪӤڵѹɨҰ
ҪʿУһȽ뿴󣬷ǵˣʢӣǻɮɫǴ䡣
ײġ
ϰٸײġ
Ϣ֮ʣԪӤʿһӣһڵĹײƾն䣬飬첻
˾ǣ㼸ٹײ£Ҳûһģ棬ռϼɽɽš
͹ײģҲһ׳һĻΪϼɽɼǧ꣬ͷһ
𣿡𣬽˾˼ѡ
һʱٸ˵˿Ϸʿٵĺ˷ΪڵģϢ֮УΪԪӤģˡ
ԪӤϰٵԪӤʿƺʱ֮ࣿЩʿӺδ
裬ֶΣɫ԰ףǰϲ룬ģǲΪأܿԪӤʵҲ벻ȻǴ˼ԪӤ
Ҫ֪ƣһԪӤʿڽɣоԵʸˣԪӤ൱ڼš
裬꣬ιģΪ֮󡣡ȭмΪʡ
һֱԼȣȻÿεĽԾ·磬ȻΣ
ԪӤùʢɫ䣬һ󣬹ֵǰϼɽе̧֡У⼸ԪӤȻ꺰ԣҲǰĵѣĳΪǰ
͹ײ֮£Ҳ˿׷ϾԪӤһֲϼɽ֡
赭һЦ㲻ǵˣ
ʢԣϸϸ裬ҡҡͷǰƺμ棬Ϸӡ󡣡
Ź˶°
ЦǹɴЦݣ쳹ɽ䣬һʱȴ˸Ҵţ˾Įʧŵ꣬
ЦùʢҰǹϤΪŨ
ķЦʹ䣬ĻȻ䣬ɫһԵǰħսʦ䣬ǵ𣿡
ꣿħսʢɫʼˡ
ǵõһɱɵӲǰĵӡ
ʢɫԽԽʣ˼䣬һЩħսӶµĵӣпʼˡ
žԹ䡪ǵ𣿡
һ䣬ȻӴ󣬾ͻװ㣬ʢȥļѣɫ䣬衣
һǵˣصĵӣ澡ʧĵӣҥһ˵ĵӡ
Ľ
δʢһһٵм˼ֵ֮£ϷҲΣΪڡֻǣĻδ˵꣬һ䶨
š
һΪᶨΪϣ˶ߣ⣬˸ʵرǿԪӤ
ӷʩຣޱߣͷǰ
ʱ˼ɮվ˫΢գз鲻ת죬˾ţ
裬ز£ɫҲ΢ݣļɱѹ£ֿ֮
ԩԩ౨ʱˣɱ¾ຣޱߣͷǰɮΪƽ᳹˫
üͷ΢ٺƬ̼䣬Ŀһݺݵɮ
ຣޱߣͷǰΣҼ̤ຣ򰶶ءƺ֤ʵԼļᶨ֤ʵԼĹִ
ԣаҪֻΪӰӣ
ɮ˫Դ裬Ϊޣġ֮ĿǰԣΪģܾѣ꣬˼Ϣǹɱɡ
ֻ֪һԵĻþ󣬿νʯյڤɽħ·žξ
ɮΪڣɹƶԣ
գ죬أһֻ֮ѭյħսĽݺ֮Ʈ֮Ҷɢѹȥˡɮɫ૶
ĽݺΪ̤ѭУʧԼ
Цħս£Ϊᣬҽ£кβɣ
ʣʧ·磬·ɮ˵Ŀ飬иУ˲ʿӦ򣬱ϾΨ򷽲ŷʢС
ҪɮΪأͷ貢뽻
ʩһɱ¾ҲԺ֮ˣֹɮȰֻиΪϷ꼫ΪᶨͻΪǴΨһĿꡣ
Ϊһ֮˽Ϊ֮ˬΪʦ֮ޣΪһ
貢δشɨɮһĿ¶ЦǰΪϼɽΪһˣǾݣ̤֮Уˡ
ЦŨЦҲΪ
˵Ļ㽫̤ຣֹ
ɮԣĿһ裬Ƭ̺̾һֹļȰջɱģֻ̤ء
֮ԼǾݣԼҲ̤ϼɽֻء
ԣȻ෴
ڿɮԥƲٵ㲻ȥǧʿɱˣӵĶࡣ
ǧɱɮϼɽ̤ࡣ
ϾǧʿֻҪһˣɮһǧˣǧѭΨֹɱһ㡣
ӷķĲȡɮɫ΢䣬裬ͳʩɱֹɱлԵ򡣡
һɮʢҡͷصѣԵҲһʱ˵ս䣬
䣬ɮٴ̾ͯӣ뿪
ʢɫһ䣬뿪ڣƬ̣̾ɮֻ֮Եʵʵ໥ɮȰ꣬ȻѾ⡣
赭ɮȥļƬ̣Į𣬱ɣϼɽΪһ
޹ؽҪ֮ˡ
һֵϼɽߡ
һ

˱˴˻ɫһ䣬˵̤ȥŨŨңϼɽӣɫ䣬һ󣬴
ɫĮȥĵӣ޶ԣǰնݳɮһԳֺ󣬲֪ΪΣи
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գһ
迴ŹʢŲһ̤д󺰣ʢսɸҡ


216 
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217 ȹ
ʵ֮£һţ޽̤ƶţޱһ국ȻƲ룬˫΢գƵᡣ
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ѣⷬΪΥ۶ǰһĻ޶ãƾⷬƣѿ⡣
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ڶԪɵȥպԪɡ
䡣
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218 ˣ
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ɽǰ˾վĿԶɫޱ飬Ƭ̼䣬һ국Ԫ㶫ԪԳΪԪʧ꣬Ӻε
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219 
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223 ׵
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ˣɫһߵͷоޱȣߵͷΪϿҡ
ʦܡҴˡҶԲ㡭
̾κ󣬽һ㣬ͨرȥ֪˵ĽݺʵԼûʸ
ϾĽݺΪˣԭ
Բġҵ֪ʦԭġ
׺а̧ͷȥ裬¶֮ɫ
ʦԭҡ𣿡ɫ֪ΪΣָоĽݺڣԭԼֻоθŨ
վӣɨ裬ųصĲ뿪ıӰΪΪį
꣬Ϊһľٶÿÿҹĥʦ»䣬ٶ꣬Ӳҽ塭
ʦԭҡߣüΪ֮ң׳ϡ֮꣬׷Բԣ߲ɣ
ⰲģһУѡ񡣵ĽݺɽʵΡ
һΪʦΪҶԲǡҴˡ
һ̣ΪɣͻѹļĴɽĻȻѰ㣬Ī˼̧׿죬ǰУʧڴǰ
ʱϣ㱼䣬ƺĽݺͷ

ߵĲ΢ͣδͷĸо˲ϣԻ˵̥һΪ֮ȥˣһˣвʱϨ
ȻףĲãÿնĥꡣ
ּ尾輫Ϊ⣬Լ˫մѪȣ⡪ֻԵԼ㹻ˡ
ͣɽ£ϥ䣬ʯתһ˼󣬴ȥ
ˣϣǻϽɡ
ǧ֮⣬ɫһ䣬¹֣ϽԸ˵˲飬һۣʱȥ
һϽֻҪȥ޽ٻһʣµԶ봫Ψɽ
ȥ˫۱ϣʯգһߣһֱڹսʿ׷ȥļ伫Ϊӡ
ģҹСٴηӡħʧ豾ֳϵ˿˵Ѫ˰ɡ
һģҩϣٴαĿ
ʱ仺ʱĺܶ࣬رЦݣ֪ΪΣļ棬յһĻĻ
ƽˮмΪ
ֻѲ⡣
У˵ͬͬΪһѡ˫ۣͣתʯһ٣ʯջء
վӣԴĿǷ棬ȥ

ɽΪۣ֮ɽӵԶ봫
һգɽһ㣬꣬һСŷҡҷɽˮʤʿ̲ס
䡣
ͻȻ䣬ߴɽ崫죬ͻһ޴װ㣬ǧ
ɽϣʯ׹䣬Ӱʡ
֪£ʿһĪ£˴룬ʣģѷ뼸֮Զңңɳһȡ
ģ䶨
ɽϣһ޴ʯ˱ƴɽƣڱϣһ鶯ַš
գַͣ䣬ͻ㣬ʯɽ岻ҡ
Χ۵ʿɫһ䣬˵Ÿȥ;У˴˽̸
ѣǡƺϼɽʯ
ǵϼɽڣӦţȹԪɣҲǴʯ𡣡
϶˵Ľ
ڷǧ֮󣬼ʿ׿һۣ޴ʯۣˣ⼸оŨһ˼󣬼뿪
˽֪ɽϹŴ󣬱ʯ
ʿȥ֮ʱ˭Ҳû⣬´ϣһµ껺У衣
ͨر䣬ƣȥԼ⣬˿ơ
ͨرһԶ봫һá
ɽ·У迴ɽߴСݣѹĴɽţ֮У̥ǣļޱȡ
¶Цݣ·ժһСݣϸϸƷζеӴк߳
ɵȹڰŮ£ɣ˵ɬ
СỌ̈̄ɽˮƽ߳ͻ˵һ
Ӱڲ֮£ļΪĳ
ʱתɽ·
ǰʯ֮ϣһֱ꣬ţݵ¶Ц⡣
ҵܾˡ
ĽŲͣ£³ǰɫĻȻһ䣬յĮ𣬵һüͷ
굱һ֮Եƺػߣк׵ˣҪϴμ׵ʱΪǽڣԼ֣֮ΣΪԪӤڡ
裬ɱɱ˵ӣɥһϢϱˡ׵Ϊ
Ǻ׵ޣΪ֮ǧԪӤʱҲûţΪһˣ𣬵Сģһսһֱعۿ
ܱ仯壬Ϊȡ
ʵԶǧɸеľս
ֻƾٶ˶ˣɣȥϼɽ⣬ҪӦڡ
ڷϧκδۣɱ衣
Ͼɴɣ衣
ӣĴ쳹أذ֮һ˰ھʮλͨΪٸ߼ʯ
Ҫ֪ܽذ֣һ׼֮ͽһɱ飬˰ͨʵģڵذഫΪ䡣
˳ϣħãѪڣЩ֮ףǰأռ䡣
ɱ㣬˰ʮλٸ߼ʯ룬ؼκһɣκһˣӵʵߣԵֿջ󡣡׵ϸСͫâ˸
߼ʯԪӤ֮ˮ֮أûʯΪٽһ㣬Ե졣
ջ֮£׵ɽ΢󣬷ǰ
ʵ׵ţȻҪµΪ֮Լʧȥһ
ɹˣ˿ܡ
ԪӤڣӦ㹻ˡ׵˰ǿڶ⣬ţһָ衣


224 ذ
ɫ䣬ʶнΪĸ߼ʯһһС
һУԻٴθӦȥԺ׵ʵ⣬ԪӤڣΪţ£ҹٴηӡ칭֪Ƿ㹻
ϾԳػߣӵеķȻͬˡ
ӣ׵˲δ³ç˵ţɼɵ塣
裬˰ʮλһͳʮɽʳ󣬶Ͻϲǣٵɡ
׵źҴˣնħ
ڳμʱ׵ɱʱʮͬУûš
¡
ʮȥǽذһ׵ɱĸŨ
ڻ֮Ѳ̽ӵ칭ҲǺ׵˿صԭ֮һ
ɱ裬ɵõٸ߼ʯܵõʮλ칭
˵ÿͼɱذʿȥ⣬дΪջ
𹭣ذ˰񣿾ʮλüͷ䣬ϽϽܣϲоӵбͨʿֻλǧ֮
¾ʮλƾٸ߼ʯӦÿΪ֮
˼һ򣬶ǰڴԭ򣬴Ϊ˶ҡҡͷû뵽Ҳһ졣
ֻҪذʿκɱ֮κɵõ
иУӣ󺣲ΰ㣬׷ɱϾذԼʵԼӵ֮ṫ
ֻһУļ£ļǹִ֡
ɱңñɱ׼
ִ֮ˡ
Ƭ̣貢׵ļԥϸƬ̺˫ƵƵǵڶν棬ҲһΡ
ĻȻ˫һţâ˸һӰӻ߳
ۿȥȻ׵һģһͻ˫̥һ㡣
׵¶Цݣ˫ٴλ裬ͬʱǵҲǲϻ˫֣˲Ͻӣѷ١
һμ棬˵Ϊұʮ֮һʵ䣬ǵڶΡʶѷ١
ɫΪרעʶӦüͷ𣬶ٴ
ķһķǻʶӦֲΣͻһ㡣

׵һΪϮһɫףٶ硣
δٽ裬ɫƬǧ򣬲ײɫף֮
ֻսḻֲδͣ£һΪͬʱȥ
䡣
ѵɽ䴫ֻ׵˫ֲϻ裬һĻֱӱɨ
׵ȴףһһٴγǰĸϹ˸裬С
Ϲ⣬ǹף˵ǷƲ󷨡
˫ֲͣϻӳ
ƽɫһ㣬׵ƺ˶ȥ
ʱɫ䣬ʵһǰƶ̶һ㣬Ǻ׵˵Ĺȴǧ֮ࡣ
ʱУи߼ʯȻһ飬У߼ʯȻࡣ
Ǻ׵˵ΪԪӤڣɫ֮ټϲһˣһ鷳
ԪӤڣӵеֶǷ칭ļ칭Ŀֻһˣ˭˭٣
һֱδ÷칭ԭ
ʱ׵ɫԺ쳱ϹͬȻɲƳδ٣ڴ
ǰĹΪ̽
Ͼ׵һֱɵ֮壬ɻ𣬰˵Լʵ̫࣬˽棬ӦǿսģΪ
ⷴһĻΨֿܣһͬ̽׼һԲδ֮塣֮ȱݣ糣á
ֿܣ׵˸ںߣɽЦһ˫ٴλ裬ڴ֮£þ㣬׵߳һˣһͬˡ
ģһΪΪģֱ֮࣬Σ飬ʣһޣԶԶȥۻң˾
ˣɫ䣬ʶһɨ˸ֲ٣ʵͣ˽ԪӤڣɫףһ
辪ɫ׵˰Ҳ𣬵ƲһСС½ǿߣΨ۶⣬Ϊ֮磬漣ǿʤ
һ󣬺׵Ŀ¶â裬ڶαɱ㡣
ʼգΪһɽ
ǧðն
̤նȥһۿȥ飬رɫףǺâ˸
Σ׵˲δǰ޵Ϊ֮ʵҲĸ֮ıڶ⣬Ϊ֮һǻȥһΪ䡣
ǼٷںӰ첻
ټϺ׵˼ɵ壬ҿио˳ǰȻὫɱʹ
ʱ費ϺˣĿأɨȳİˣԶ׵ϣһļ²⡣
ˣ¶Цݡ
һֱֲ٣Է칭δ£׵˲֪Ǽɵţδ˵Ļһۿ
˵ͬʱһʮŭû޴𹭣һұٴһţһȵϢܡ
̼ΪĿ죬칭ͷŻѼΪϤ
ͬʱռһ㣬ȵϢÿҲӤĻΪıŰ
䡣
ǾŵգĻȻ޴ֱ˺׵ˡ
ʱ׵ɫ£ڼɵ칭ڼҲٻؼٷ
֪칭һͷľΣҲʱ
ֻϧٻطע⡣
칭ĿһȷǲĿĲݣ֮ӡ
ԽԽ׵һһҧһ֣ٷۣΪһγ׼Ӳ
칭֮ҵҪ
׵Ŀ¶â˫ּɫǰ
䡣
ſֱײ׵ˣǰ֮˸Ϊۡ
һϢ¶ǰƮ׵˫¶ƴȫͻžʯ㣬ν֮⡣
ģһ塣
嵼µĽϢ֮һʼͻһ㡣
һ㡣
׵˶ͷϸðڷ칭֮һиӦȻһӤʿͷţֱԪӤ۷塣
ˣ׵˲δ٣壬ͬһع飬ȵһźһ˲䳬ǿʱ̡
һ̣ǻ֮ʱ
ˡ׵ԽԽŨ˵ľֿһɹ·֮ʱ
ҵʧȣٸ߼ʯ㹻رˡ
ʱɫ԰ףľΨоȺ򣬶ĻЧΨСռ
ָҪһ㡣
ˣ貢δš


225 
ڻ裬׵˸ɵڴ˵壬ƺʩչԺ׵иУֻҪ칭ⳡսľʤѷ
ʱĻȻŭ֮

˼ջأ̧׿ȥĿأֻ׵¶˫ּĻȻһƣĻȻ׵˷
칭һμ
ֿܵ˵ΪԪӤԲԺ׵ٴڶ֮أҲ
׵ˣʤ

ϢÿռҲ̣ھţŤŻһɱŰֱ衣
칭ˡ׵˾ҺţɫΪܣ칭ƳҪεֵ
֮֮ߺߡ
Ц֮ʱǰĹȻ׷裬ʱβȵĻײϷա

յٷۿȥѽ踲ǣٿӰ
˰ʮλٸ߼ʯ֡׵˵ЦΣǰĿһֱǰ
ǰ׷ǵʱΪʢһĻú׵üͷ΢壬иУƺǻ쳣
Ȼ״ž֮ͻź㣬һӰڻУΪ
ԭ칭ڴˡ
ٿӰ׵ɫأ칭ƺһղݡ
׵ĵȸӦӰӺļ俩һǵӰϢΪŰǰϢһࡣ
ԪӤʵһĻзڵΪλ׵תһ룬ʱˡ
ѹִǰţԭˡ
ֻ֪裬ҲǵһԣһӣҲ֪ʵЧΡ

߳Ż㣬ּ䣬Կһͨƣǹǿ֮Уֱļ䱬
һ̣ΨеͷԼΪػ֮
һǰð㣬˸ͣ׵ɫԽԽأδʧ룬һʼʱøֽ
ģǷõģ˳ɱ裬мĶԲߣһȡʵ´Ρ
ڣ׵˰һڴһģһεɳֲֻϵ飬ٶ硣
̼ΪĿ죬һϢ䣬һɰɫâˣ׵һڿ裬¶ЦһΣҷ´Ρ
ɫΪݣֻļ䲢ˣΪʣϾǧ㣬壬Լɿδ㵽ȻɷҪʵһ
ʱ費ɫΪĮڿ׵õһĻüͷһ壬¡
׵Ҫܡ
ͷڿһ㣬ʱһϢ˻һݱӣֱ˺׵˶ȥڴ֮£һɻŭХ
˵ľԽԽ
׵ɫ䣬¶ЦݣҡͷµʵɿڣϧҪߣûˡ
˵˻ʱ˫Żˮ浹Ӱ㣬öĻţڵȣ
֮֮ͨһع鱾壬ʵÿλعֳΪѣһͨΨԲսʤĵ˷á
裬ټ
ٶ磬ԽԽվ׵֮ʱ׵ţΨһɢݣЦɣ裬ɫΪϷʡ
ֻƬ̣΢΢һŲ˼š
ʱҺţŰϨּǻͬţǰĿ˸ͣ
ȷʵŷʵʱֻ̣ܶʮϢиУƿػеĻһϢҲû
ʵΪһϣʵ
Ǻ׵ˣʱٴԽռ䣬۽΢飬ǰȥ֮ʱˣʱĻ׼ȻˣǹɱŰϢҲš
ƺ
׵ûϸ룬ļȴΪգͣϢܿܽȻͬ
һǼˡ
ԭؾվϢǰһĻ¶Цݣٴθ칭֮һ㣬ȥ
Ȼһʹ
ֱʹͻϸְ㣬Ҳ
ɫ䣬ؽҪϽǶȥȻЧʹǵΪŨ
ĸáһ˲иУʵ˵أȴʹޱȣһս˺ʹǧ֮ࡣ
ԲѰĴʹ
ֿʼڣƤѣð̡

ŭһ󣬸Ͻ·ȥ
䡣
ʹȭһҴأʹɣѱɫһƬ
䣬ֲأҲΨˣʹżһ˿˳һʱָֻһЩ֪Ϊ顣
ڵϣҺţԼ֣üͷ壬ϸзŷŻȷʵ޺κ֢˾ʹ
ʵҲͦءҡҡͷ˼һ֣ʱһսƤ䣬¶˴ĿĵѪ֮塣
һĴҩϣΪЩһ㣬뿪˴
ڷе;Уֿʼָ֪ҲǴ迴ǰһǲʡ
ʱӰڤɽããɽһׯȥ
ڤɽɻΪԪӤ֮أֻҪ̤Ľ٣ƾµʶ⾳ټϴ׼ĻϵʯһԪӤΪͻͽ
£ոմսɻ𲢲ʺռռȥҹ⣬ɰȻռǸá
һ뵽Ǿʹ裬Ҳŵ֮С
꣬նʮ֮Լʱ䲻ࡣɵģ룬Զ봫ƣն׷ҲǼΪѡ
Ľ١ΣׯһȥĽܷ̤ûţһʧܣأڴ֮ǰҪѡ
һ·ǰУٵˮ農ⷱһĻļͻأ꣬ļʯж䣬ɡ
ٴδ·߰һСݣڿУ
ûãǰһһڵϻߣϵĴʮ֮䣬С߰꣬Ÿɿ㣬ĴĴţһʱǰ·ˣһʱп·СݣΪɰ
躬СݣӣҲСע⣬ٺЦ壬ߵɶ谡ͦġ
Скǰ裬ᣬԴĽ⿪ЦЦӸ·СʣشֻԼҲ֪ӽк
ֻ֪ɲ
С̤;һֱ񾭣ݣһεģһθ򣬵Ϊʡ
ɻع˱ܵ
Ȼ죬һ⿩ʻǰһΪݳΪһ̫꣬ѨĹģȻǷ˸֡
ʱٵ˷׷·
ÿ·ɫɴݣʱʶһɨȷʵӦ²⣬ӦڽΪ롣
Դˣ貢δᣬٴǰС


226 ׯһ
ѷǰɫϲޱУϸϸ˵顣
һһҹȥֱ峿ʱ֣վӣ۹¼ŵķͷһ뿪ɽ֮ۡ
ǰΪ˶ڣʼΪԼӦѵ£һ·ǰУ㲻ܴﵽյ㣬ҲҪ·ϡ
Ծɽ£迴·꣬һЦˡ
ʱ䣬׳˶࣬Ƥڣ峺˫ȴһ˿ᶨ꣬ʱԼ
ʮݼ档ϥ䣬ɫΪڻʳеλǵٹ٣ʥϼ棬ҲǼΪ
似̶̥꣬ǣͬ˼ǰ
һУ͡
رµУãã;˵ΪɽһǣмΪܣΪм
ɡЦЦ꣬üͷЩϲϰʮͷŽ棬ƺûôϰɡ
ĻＫΪƽ޼ӡ
ʱ֪ʿڴˣϽʮڴˣʶڴˣȻһϾĮɱء¶Цݣ̫߳
ֻлѣУһǿհ׵ģûеĻЦûеĻá
Ϊ˵һȥʮ˵ʮ֮ഺӣǸȱݡ
ҿ꣬ҸɡӺԣڵͻ˶ʮм꣬ûдݵֻеѪ
Ŷ
΢΢һãȻͷоˣֻ硣
ԣЦҪˣͿˡ䣬˫Ժ󣬴еС
ɫһ䣬һ󣬸Ͻ׷ȥ
磬ȥҡЩݣ漴ҧҲˣҪҸһ𡣡
Ŷ
Ųͣ£ɨ꣬ʱϽүүһʵ͸ˣûʲôػػģڼ壬ڡԡ
ԣӺԣϸƬ̺Ʋңȥ϶˶ʣҲкܶΣ㡪
Ҳ룬ж־ķΪȴʲô
쵱ģһӡ
ЦЦţеζˣͲҪڡ䣬ǰУ;д·ժһСݣӣһƵ֮ơ
ٺһЦҲ˵ŵժһСݣԣҲѧźǲŵĸ
˻뿪԰
ڻ˵أĺԪӤĽ٣Ī⣬Ϊ˶ɹĽ٣Ƕɽʧܣ뿪ʱĺŷ˵ȤҲȫһź
ûѹû˼
ϣһܹܹ࣬ǲȫ

У˳ӿ
Ȼ䣬صĻվֵԡ
ֻǽֵϣСʳɣ֬ˮ۵ɣԾ¥ɣ˽
գν֡
棬ǰâ·ΪһСԽ֡
ڻֿ·Уһ깧Ϊӡ
ԣһߵֱɫΪ⡣
ҽϵ֮һɣΪϼɽʦŵ䣬ټϳɵǿʳҶؼŷ˵
Ȼʦеλһ㣬ص˾һĻҲɷܡ
â֣Ȥ룬ٿԹֵ꣬񰡣ЩԪ٣Ȼõϵһ
ɫһϲĻʺ̫Ӽˣͬɫܡ
ʳӲȱ󣬲ȱȨ٣ǶԣκζҪ
л档
Ϊףʳǵϵ
񡣡ɰ˰֣ˬЦ
˻У£ҲǱ˴˽̸;Уɸ׿ƷʳΪƽ׽ˡ
֪ǵҩнһ·е鲻Сʵ
Ŷ
룬ɫݵ˽赤ҩ񰡣ǻһǵĻϷ˳ֿɿ
Ϊˣ˽ֻƬ̣ɻָ
ɫһϲл󣬸Ͻ̫ǰ
ʱڼ£̫ӻ档
šɵͷһ̫գεǻƬ̼䣬üͷһ壬´̫ӺʵˣСУҲǷˣ˵˵ʲôŪģ
̫Ŀ⺮âһһ󣬽ǰһĻͼӴ˵ȻǷǵߵֻ˵棬ΰԵĿˡ
˵ӵΪףྡϵҲҡ˵󣬴̫˫ۻ߰㣬˸ͣ
ʥţĿ˸ֹס
ƽĶۣΪһ֮˼ĸǹףǰһĻļȴԹҲ֪˴˲࣬Ψнǲѹļ䡣
£Ʋͬ
棬Ϊŵģ˵ɽֻ֮ͨ꣬кοɱȣ
뵱ׯ֦ͬѪ߹֣֮Լˣڼһкüͷһ塣
֪ЩΪˣټҵλԼԹҲҶԡ
Լͬ۱֣һ֮ϡ
衣ŭĿü̫Ӵ׵룬ֵ棬ҪΪ
ȻɳƬ̣ʵأ֪𣿡
Ļƺ֪
ɰü΢壬ƾƴ䣬䣬˵ӦûڲǡţĿһļио
ѲɣҲɱ֣֮ɲ²⣬ϾɱǧԪӤɨƣѴķ
Уɱֵ֮ĵӣʤ
ǵ³⣬ϼɽҲһ١
֮ʱȻ䣬ɫһ䣬̧׿ȥһϼƷϼƵϷһ꣬ƮƮüŲɣ
꣬ɽʱӴׯӡ
ʱҲҪԺԳƣΪΪͬһ壬ϼɽλ˵ͣҲ˸ǡ
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230 
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ߡ
˾ٺ˫ֻҳЦ֣ɫΪò
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ԣζЦļл֪˵Ͼ˼Ҳˣƺү˼㡣
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үôûߣ
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ߣӣҲĿˣ
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ǺˣڸӦѹһͳʵʵһ̵۵꣬ΪĪ⣬֪Σ
Ǻˣʱûʸ֪ҿʲ°ɣȻҳк΢գио㣬Ļѩ¥ңҲڡ
ЦǺˣȷʵûʸ֪Ҽҳ˭Ҳûʸ֪˵˻ʱʶͬʱ裬ΪǿԼԲˡ
ӲҲõ̵̡
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֮أ߼꣬նħ˭֪˵Ĵ£ᣬ㻹ִǺǣ˵˵ҲҪ˵Ҳ£ҳҲҪ¡
Ҫ˵˻Ҫܿࡣ

ɫ粻мΪʣ̫ʦ£ȴ޻Ե˭֪̫ʦ꣬Ȼ겻ӣҪ̫ʦλ֮ϡ
̫ʦ˾ƲԳԷƣĻѩ¥Ҳ˵̫ʦ֮˵侮ʯĿɨпһ
˵ʲôɫ䡣


232 ˣ
ۡ
ոպĲˮӽֱĿɿڴмΪʵļǵãħս˦ž޴ֱ۵꣬Ϊ硣
Ϊֱۣһٶ
ԣΪϤ
£վڴ꣬ǰһޣһ仯Ҳû

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һǰƵӣΪȣӶҲ顣
̫ʦ
ɫһ䣬첽ǰ
ʦܡ
ţɲվڴŵ꿴ƽʵǸɱӣʤ
ĻȻ䣬ǰǾ仰ǲʶյǲˡ
ʦܣǽʦְǵ𣬽صˡɫͻ֪㡣
΢΢һ̫ʦУĶǵݵģʧ̬ͷһμ
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תȥСʵ磬˭
ֻСѴţʱţЦЦԭʦܵĵܵܣҲһҰ㣬㳤ˡ
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΢΢һпһϽָԼƵƵҰڽʦ֣룬Ӧʶġ
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軹ҡͷ
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ڣҲ벻ףʲô׿
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ڳԵζϰߣʲôζֻҪУЩˡ
ĿŽȥаٸнúԭ֮һ;ǲʵ;
Ź˼ҡͷȥ


233 
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һ峿谴㣬һмߡ
ң簡
ժСײˣˮģңҪ𣿡
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˻֣ĻӦţһǰͣ£迴˿Ǵ̵İײˣ΢ЦκүȥĻѩ¥ײߣβˡ
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Ǻǣǣ϶ҵľ͸̫Сǰֻ࣬˵ˣ˵Զǧ֮⡣
Ҿ˵񶫼õˣôûӣϧˣһֶŮء
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ʱ飬ٿ裬ѯʵĿ꣬ѵлѡ
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󺺼ˣĿһһв룬Ҳվӹ
˳˸أ֮ʿʤΪ֪߼ߣɰȻ
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˼Ƭ̣ѯʵǴкĿģ
ѣԶͶΪѰ겻
ԣüͷ壬ƣããڣܹƣȻ
ôƵģٴʵ⼫Ϊؼ¹
Զ봫ѱƻҵǴڹһͣŵˡ
һͣĿһˣ봫ƻͨڹһͣǿԴﵽƵģֻǻʱܳ


234 ǿŮ
ʵ費֪ΪѰڹһͣķ˼ʱ䡣
ѹ˼ٴѯʣƻ𣿡
δ֪Ĵ½УΨδѰҥ뿪֮мʮꡣûϾ֮ܣڸҲռϢ
ͻذϢһ
š
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ɵ
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ʱŮδ٣һ̸ЦѣΨڱϣһŮΪЩС֣ϹԾţȻ˫۱ţңһʱ̶һʱ
ģ֣˼Ķ˴üͷһ壬ߵŮǰһϸߵĹ˫һƣŮǰƵ档
ѼҲɣ
ϹҲѧݣӽˮˣͲѧϰ𣿡
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˷ʱ䣬ڸѧٵȤ
Ϊ׵Ĵݣʱ˫ֳ۵ȥ


235 ԪӤĽ
顣
ľĹݣҶ䣬ľͷֳѷ졣
˫ʧΨжֱĵСãȻͣ٣һϿԼʦġ
棬յ˫ϣˮ䡣
ĺʹֻѧٶѣֻϲֶѣΪξ˼ѡ
ˡ
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վͩߣĿ˸̾һ뿪
֪Լ԰Բ׹ӣһãҪĵļǿ
ܻܵѣֻܹǱģջҪԼ߹Ļǲɳ
ǣŵäȣ˳ŽֵһУ黨ȹǻҳСϣЩãȻ
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СɾʳŴȥ
Ӧůļ佥Żʦ㲻𣿡
ôأ赭һЦһͷ
ûɡ
š
˵ͷӹͷ󣬳
ʱ豧Ű̫£Ӧƽĺ棬輴֪ʼĩʵôˣ
ʦ
ԣίֻСֲһ𣬽ģСˮ䣬Ϊʲôǲһ
۵СвϳΪί
赭һЦϦգźƽĵӰƬ̺󣬷Ż
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪһ
Ϊƽ
ףĺϲ֡
֣ģֹ۲ȱ
飬ĸܣ㡭ܿ֡迴Զߵ
ĸܣ֣ļ롣
ԵģֻҪ֣һ߳Լ·
ںߣųˬķ磬ŰԹϣƺڶŰ˵ʵƺڶԼ˵
ţյ˫ۣ΢΢¶һ˿ââҲδʱмΪᶨ˼Ҳס
ÿ˶Լ룬Ȼۣ赣ǣֻҪԼ·룬ܷ紵һȻᵽ
ʦˡͷмΪ꣬¶Цݡ
ܻпʱ򣬵ܻ·ʱ򣬸ָ룬ΪȱݣӶЦ𣬷֧㣬Ͽ㡭
ڰУԼʦ
ǵ㣬бգƽĺ淴ƽĵӰ
¹ůӰΪܰ
ã轫˯İͻؼУ뿪ʱ¶οЦݣΪСʧ԰ͬΪ죬ҲΪļᶨ
ͻԼ
Ѿͷ
ҡͷЦڽֵת֮ǰĻѩ¥ƻͨӿŲȻ䣬ֽһӰ߳ӰΪһߣɫɣ˫΢գַһȣվ
迴ǰүү
ֻȷһǰүУת۹򣬼ǰʱҸӦһ˿
ͷ赱֪⿴Ʒ˵ˣʵΪԪӤ֮ϡ
ǺǣС赣ǣϷ޶⡣źɫ۴Ӻοȥ緲һ㡣
ɫصǰ֪кҪ£
Ҳûʲôֻ뽻һֱԵ˶ٺֵϷԪӤ֮·Ϊ١
΢΢һг˼ΪĪ⣬ֱӿɰﰲ˫۸Լ
費֪룬Сӣˣһ御˫ʧȴһᣬڶʮǰϷ򵱳ʧˣϣܰ
ң棬̣ͻƼӤ硣
Ŀһδֱһ󣬵ǰҲΰˣ
赣ǣָټɡźͻأһתֵԪӤĽ٣ʮ֮˾ŵʿ֪Ȼ̤ߣ޼
ԭҲܼ򵥣ɥżĽ٣֪ˣԣһƳ֮ԡ
農ţ˼Ƭ̺󣬵˵ͷ
ȷʵ֪ԼΪ˫֮٣ԵĻ̤ͺ֪ĸǻ뵽ǰһоҲû
ͷɫЩصʵִˣһգԪӤĽٲһɲ䡣
һɲ䣿Ŀ˸ƺʲôϸϸȥָоһЩͻͱɴһֽ
˵ģôˣ˵棬к㿴ˣĽ̤СӣɡѵŹȻ뿪ʱѴŴӦԼ
һ˾վüͷʱ壬ʱɶ
ģоʿԪӤ֪ԼĽ٣һֱɵӶ̤룬ȻĽٱħҲ˵ĶĽٿת䡣
ԼΪ˫֮٣ʲô
һ룬軺Ļѩ¥ȥ
ֵϻָţƬ̺һӰںڰֳǰߡ
Ϸʥһ壬ĽٱأһգʥŮԵϣʥŮ߳Ľ٣ۿ
ߵĽٿǻԵʥһ壬ҲԵˣĻԼʥŮɹĽ١
ϧһأͬЧɵ۲
һ棬ʥŮҪɵԼ

ףһɲ䣬Ҳɳ֮Ȼ˳
¥豧ŰĽ⡣
΢΢ͷСɻҲԼ֮һһ˵
費٣ٴϸ⣬ŰỬС֣ڹϲߣÿһףҲһһѡ
˫ʧְָΨһİ취
̵ȥӦ⣬ģ԰ϲټĽݺӰһͽȫԸ
ٴһȥаŮҲɳΪŮ⼸꣬ǵ׼ͣܽͨףϤա
Ψģ˫
˫ΪѧףȥҪʮ⣬Ҫ⣬ڵ죬԰ѭ򽥽ѧϰ


236 µԼ
УյŮѾɳͤͤɢഺϢѧŵ꣬Ҳʱ¶⣬䲻ѡ
Ůۣɫ㣬Ů㣬ǹϵġ
£йݴΪĴѧñԣʱȫǾ񶼻ڹ㳡ۿǿҪŲ̆Ϸʦ߻
·Ůɫһϲ˴˽ͷӶ˵ϲá
ǺǣʱǾ׼һ⼸ѧ࣬յĿγ̵ˣҸԻؼҰɡʦЦ·Ůϲãᡣ
Ͼߣ֪Ϊ֣Ͽɣ˿ĵ¡
ʦ
Ůǹ뿪
ݴ
ñϣɫ΢ļڴƬ¶ȻЦݣƵƵ鼮ʰúַäȣһŴȥ
ԴӶʱǴι󣬿ǵӰˣҲûõҲӲá
ֻƬ̼䣬ǰһ˵סȥ·ֻһ鼮ͱ䡣
μӴ̶ڴ࣬ȻܾһȺˡ
֮ǰ𣬶ǼŮĳЦ
ÿãӲֻ࣬ѧᵯ𣿡
ǺǣһϹӣԶѧᵯࡣ
ŮӳЦ󣬷һһ뿪
ҧһ󣬶ӣ鼮һʰ
һĻѾϰˣΪŮֻۣǲ֪ΪΣЩͷðһ˿
˵Լ·
ÿ£ʦĻ
ͻȻ䣬ǰ紵һԵߡ
Ұ㡣
ţ͸о鼮࣬¶Цݣòͷлл
гȨΪ֮ӣòʣ䣬ѧзŮʱŰϴ㣬ŰĻвԼһϲ
ԴӵһμŮӣϲˡ
ȥò⣬ǰɢʣУŲʳ˼̻ĵȻֻȾ
ҡ
Ҫȥˡ񾲴ϵվӺ󣬻뿪
Ȩ⣬ڼǰУֻǲ֪ΪΣȨӵſʵò׵ļǰƽɽܲˡ
ڿȥȨһҧػɴӽұ֤û˸۸㣬û˸ҳЦ㣬쳤ؾã䡣
ΪأðһƬ̺ٴǰС
ΪʲôΪʲôܽңѵﲻ𣿡ȨвʣڰĵϲÿУεЦݡ
ҡ˫ʧԡŲͣ
Ҳ⡣Ȩ֣ص
ҡҧյˡ
ʲô
װ㣬óȨĿãȻӼΪʵƬ̺ŰȥӰ£ΨҲ㣬˲ʸ񣬵Űɣһ²ķġ
ʮ겻УǾͰ꣬һ

¥峺ȪˮӶݱϣ˫΢գƽĵš
ȥˣǵǿ꣬ϡɼƣŲɣΪĸ㡣
ꡣ
ıϣѧʤѩ֬Ľë
ĽӴðԼʦΪľʱʦ飬֧֣Ͽ
ʦˣ֪ʦأ޹ǵ֣ʵ롣
ֻҪʦһУܸȤ
Ƭ̺ա
˫ˣ
˫гĿȥŮɳͤͤղϼÿʱο
ָоͻĽݺͽһ㣬һСݣ󡭡
ʦ˫һӣѵϤ֪ΪΣ಻ʦ⾳ѵ˫ӣҪ䣬ûʦ󣬵಻С΢ɻϹŶʱƤЦݡ
ʮ꣬ʦһʱܸоԼʮꡣ
Ц𣿡ҡͷЦаѾͷǳ󡣡
ԣ˫ƵƵڶûУʦԶഺפʦºμȫǹݴɺã
԰
ʦ֧𣿡С˶ٺֲȹֵʦѧԱ˵ʱͻ˵ʦȥˣͻ𣿡
԰üͷ壬ܸоѾͷЩԾЦЦҼѾͷ࣬Ӧвͻɡ
ҾҪʦ͡С
úúãͣ𣿵ʱʦȥҡͷУ뵱ʮһ㣬Щˡ
ԣ¶ûҲʧɫЦݣлǰ㣬ϲ̵ġ
ȥʱֵԸЩԸҲˣһõʦϵϿɣͻһ˫ۣʦӡ
һ֪ʵˣڶһûܡ
һ󣬰С¶ɰѣʦݴ뵯˫˫Ӧ⾳Ҫʦְָ𣿡
ԣɫ˫Ƽ򵥣Ȼ⾳ҪŶһ޶֮һÿ˵⾳Բͬ
ͽ֮ʱһࡣ
¶Цɫţһ˼ٴεӦ⾳ʦְָܸ
ðɡ˵ͷǰǣŰ޹ǵС֣ݱϣͬʱһ˫ŰС֣Ծš
ֻɫࡣ
УΪʦߣص̵
⡣
ĻȻ䣬ӿ죬ʦְָԴʮûйˣٴλ䣬ǵûеǸоִ֮УΡ
Լ˫֣ΪůĴ֣Լ˵Ϣ
Ǽӿ졣
ҪרġӦỬ˫֣ЩӲһ
Ŷ
˵ͷϺηǵԼˣǵŮ
һУһֱδУ˫΢գ˫Ƕһ޶ľ硣

СϪľƽ֮ͣӾ֮ϣ䡣
Ļѩ¥·ͣüΪľš
͵͵׿ȥֻʦɫΪרע࣬Ҳѧʦǰ㣬˫ۣĶϸϸĸʦ˫⾳
ģһֹŹָо
˫
ԺУ档
һĿкڼ˾ۼĹ㳡ϣ󣬿зˣţһˣһͯͷϣϸϸȥ
ͽ
֪ΪΣ֪ʲô
к̭ˣкɫãȻҧ촽ȻΪʡ
ȻкˣһǴãʱ˳˳ЦȴмϿһΪͷ
кϲͷܸӦк˼
ģкͻһ¶Сݰ㣬ٴγ󣬵ǻصһɽׯ󣬿ѵȥ
ܱˡкѷǰ֪ΪΣ⣬صĸо̸Ӧ
кٴγ󣬱һʮ߰꿡꣬Ȼһǰкٴξ󱯣һֱػͷΪ˳ŵΪػ֮أҲ뿪к
һεıΪء
˫У֪ΪΣˮ
ֱһŮ󣬰ŸӦкϲã˵кһһĵϲãкеϲ
ģ߳ڣѪɳ
кŹɷˣɽ䣬ɱ飬ѪɺӣкӴǱ˶Ϊ׼ɱ
ΣҲ롭ܸоڿ
ˮƽֱա
վӺ貢֪Լ⾳˫Ȼ֮࣬ЦΪʦ˫
š˵ͷźۼĲۣһ󣬵ʵʦк
ֻǻһ룬Ȼ䣬üͷһ壬ϵΪʦйˣȻȥɡ䣬˳¥ݿ첽ȥ
豳Ӱһμʦ飬ͻٽ㣬֪ΪΣָоʦһȥ棬֪ʱ
ƽˡ
ʦºһҪ
֮߳ͣ½ŲһЦͷҵĽҴӦ㣬ºҲᵽ
һӰʧţʱɫ£ʮƽǲɣϢһ̣ʧ٣յѪɱ¾ռ
һ·񱼣ǰĻѩ¥ʱӦһصʶɨţһϤ
裬ˡ


237 նڶս
輲۶Уƻͨľ¥ʱ޴֮£ס
дһ룬ͻȻˣ˺þãSŽдʱЩԺ³
Ҽһ
ʵǳˣʧйٳԽˣټһ꣬仯Ӧ
дġ

ۣǣʱ뼸ˣڿòк
ңôˣҪ£߰ɣҹĳ⣬̫ƽһ׷ԲԴ
Щ˽סĻѩ¥գƽܶչˣԶ輫Ϊ顣
վڳǽӰ֮£ɫѻָĮŴĵĻɫͻأһ䣬󵭵һЦллֻȥʱ䣬ǺԶ
ŶͺãңȻȥˣСġϴеԼ蹧񣬶Ŵһһ뿪
Ŀż뿪˫һ˿
ӣ֤һЩİգԣһõĻ䣬ǧһס
лᣬһ
һȥƬ߳ţɨߣһ󣬽һУԽشɽ𣬶һ̤նȥ
նԶԿãΨһѡӡ
һ·񱼣ɫأǾ޴«ҲϣԽɽȻ䣬ɫһ䣬ʶӦһǿϢڿӹƬԼϡ
ǿϢԪӤ֮ϣ޷֪ն
ôҵҡüͷһĺ«ٱ䣬һǰֱʡ
ߵķХ죬ɫԽԽأǿϢһֱţҾԽԽ
ݡ
һ䣬ٴλƬ̺ھһɽʱһɽȥ
նٶȱ죬һԼ޿ӡ
һӣĿĹˡ
Ϊĺڵֻ֣һƵɽǰΪһСˮԣƽ¹˸Ĺâ
Уɫҡҷ
վԭأ֮ɫ
ڤɽ
õСﵱսϹףڤɽΪһءƬɫһ䣬̧׿ȥǰһɽϣһ׹䡣
裬ʮ֮ѵӵĺǣҲ׷㡣
ɫ£һӰվɽۣ֮Ϣ·һĻͻϽһ㡣
üͷ壬Ƭ̸ӦҲſ飬Ц㻹ˡ
ǰЩáն˫磬ЩĴӱȡϸ⿪Ŀһֱ衣
ʮλɻ꽣˽һϢΪҸߣ򼴱ӵۣ֮һնһ˦ɫĽڿƮ䡣
ꡣ
𣬽â˸һĻͷڽγԶڴ֮£쫷紵㣬֮
Ӳӡ
֪Ͻնͻߣκα俴ϵɡ
۷ʵϽš
ء
ȻһֹӤޣ
˫ֳãȻУͻȻĻҰһĿˣɽߣͻʬ㣬ľսɽ䲻ϴ
Ȫ
ЩãȻˣ迴Լ壬˫˫ͬʬ⡣
ն⾳ټǰɻ꽣ֻأ谵£ʱһλ㣬ˣԼʬ塣
иоȵԼʬߵͷʱĻȪ
ƣ費֪
ϽǴΣնθΪȫδƾ֮⾳Բѡ
˰񡪡裬ϽиУӹ֮Ǳվɽ֮ϣնһĿ¶â
ԭնħ边ȻħҲ̡
俴֮ʱ·ɲһУĽѩ͵ɢâ㣬롣
Ƭ̼䣬ʶУǰյأ˸߲ʹâģ߲ʹâۣɽ佫λǿȪ

ع飬һͷ亹䣬ϸϸ壬ļů⣬ػ깦Ч

ӦĻѣնüͷ壬ӡУδԪӤܴӽ֮⾳лѣδй
裬˵ΪߣԪӤ£һˡն˵䲻ѣδľȣϾʼնδ֡
ǰĻȪ󣬽ɻ꽣ݴܡ
Ϊһߣʮ꣬ڶټʮ꣬Ӱ꣬ҵԭ򡣡նɫµԭ᳹꣬δ
һ⿪ɻ꽣Ѫ顣
˫ͫ˵ǰһ⣬;߶ΣδĻţҲִܡ
һһģɫƬ㣬
ƬΪһ˷󣬶ˣԷ⾳貢š
˼󣬾ȷˡ
ƵƵ˦ȥɳһŭֱնĿһ䣬ڻɳԶһ㣬۶ȥ
ּ䣬ŹŹֳֵھնʱٴһ
ŭɷ
ͽϴĻƿն󲻶γһԲȦӿֱն
ʦ
ն¶Ц⣬ٴһҲ㣬ڼʱϸһһɫĽâΪ
顣
ɽ䴫Һ°㡣
һ
žž
ʱԲȦ䣬һڵǱߣԷǱȱڣǾ޴Х
ҵһμ
նɫɲ䣬ӰƣӲûԲȦ䡣
顣
ڻԲȦУײϱͻһĻɽһĻԪӤҲûӲ
ȻնΪ۷壬ŭɷʼգΪѡ
ϸΣÿһƣֻҪǾնն䡣

ڲϵն֮ʱնݶ
ΪһƬ죬ϽͬǾʰĴڣϾⲻԪӤǳԽһס
ɫ£֪һսĪ⡣
Ӳ£Ҳ˳ӣ죬ҲҪӲһɢ˭ơ
дŰᣬ
һģʮŭһƻֺľ޹ֳһץסţڼӤˮȥ
칭پ飬ħһ֮ȡ
Ȼ޿ӣǾƴһս

ƺӦǹɰһ޴ƿնҪ޴״ţɽ֮ƣֱն
ڴһ̣ܱ޶ףʼٷ
ɽ䣬ͽȻߣͻ١
裬Է칭أҵҪʶһڻԲȦУն͸ܴⷽĿ¶ܣһ˦âֱӽԲȦնϣһ߳


238 

ŭ
նٴһһֱָһΪͨ
ϸͻأ󣬻һɫâȾײ̶ͣ˵һ
ͻսʿ㣬ɣʧ
ֱһӺն֮䣬糣ʧâʧ˴ƽɫ
٣ڵָţҧ칭ΪľһԪӤҲӲӡ
ǣնͨһƽ⡣
ڣ֮ǿ
Ͻ˵һһѪնĿ¶âϸϣһλƮ
ڶ顣
˵ţնɫñŰµǵһʿһħ
һһɫâֱ衣
һâͨնĽɻ꽣
˫ۣͫУɫâ֪ʱѱһ޴ħͷħͷŤһۿȥ
飿
ʶһƹ˲ưףͣºƵƵһɳͬʱһһСֳ䣬һɫââ
ǰ͵Ļ׷𣬾޴ħͷ޶ãڶȥ⾳⣬ݴ񹥻ɿܡ
ֻħͷһɫĹââ㣬ٸħͷâ֮£ʱһֹͣ
龵նĿ΢΢˸ƲЦɡ
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龵ܶߣΪԪӤϣЧ̡˼¶ԣǿҹܷµڶɲ֪
ҪնǰԣΪڶ
սɼ˼ϰߣ¿ƻʵһϢʶСʱһ𣬽ţɫâ䡣
ħͷٴγǰΣɻ꽣裬޴ħͷ֮ϣֻ˫ͫɢâһۿȥȻľս֮
񣬲ɶʶɶ
ΨеģĿħͷǰǻȪɽһĻͫת䡣
⡭˫ͫ󣬵֮ʣԺɲ˼δǿҡ
ֶΣʶ£Աա
Ҳնұؽ𡣡гʣһӣδκԽսԽ£һʧˣһΣȻ˫
ħͷԽԽɿħͷ޴УһҵӰӣЩնеˡ
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޴ħͷڴö£ȻֳѣƬ̺ȼհ㣬һɲʣʧء
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ն壬˫۽գƺΪһäˡ
һնذϣΣ
ˬһЦ˵˫ۣȴ迴ͻܿһа㣬󷽲ŵСҲһ顣
𣿡նɫž޲ȴ裬аʥһ尲ϣΪϹһ˼Ե
ذϵΪնͬǷ۷֮һһԣţⰲӲԼɻ꽣ʱоŲ㡣
ͬΪնذϿԱܹɻ꽣
Ӳֲܹͬ
ǸĻţһɱǴ̫Ҳ뿴ն
ʱ국ЦһնѣأԭҲǿڶɣҽɡ
֪ն룿
նԣɫ粻ԭΪ֮мΪҪ
ֵԪӤѽǧҴδʩչڶնδش𣬶ǿ裬Ŀͣ裬ԪӤ£ǻԵ㸣󣬵ǽӹǽӹӲ֮£Ϊһˡ
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նһӣɽ֮½㣬Ͻϸƣһ㣬뿪
ʮ㣬ϣ֣ή㡣
ҰնӰʧɽٴλָš
ҺʶӦɫһ䣬ڵţ类⣬Ӥ磬ʱ䵽𵤺ڡ
ǡ辪ֹһĻһμ
նڶ顣辪ĪʱһֻÿһǰӢףϱ仯ǰʱһ׷ԲԵߣֻﻯȡ
үүһϸϸȥŷü䣬Ǻɫӡǲɢ
СӣϷµڶΪ˻һ顣ߵͻȻɫһףѪ³
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ɫһ䣬첽ǰ
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üͷţǰһֱӦȷʵµҲǹӦҪӸоԼϼ١
ޣˣ᲻ϱϣפգڽ֮£Ҳá
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üͷš
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˵ҸطչأʵҲҸطɹꡣ
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239 ϫ֮·
Ͻ䣬Ҳɢ磬һ㣬齣
⾳ǵ죬ҸдЧ̶ڼ䣬Ϊѽ䵽ڡ
ȻҪоԼҲڲġ
ԪΪ½Ӷ١
һʶСʼľ磬ͬȼϵʯѳԽ̫࣬ɽϴ

һȭ֣ſ͵ӣδһ̣
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ϲŭɫȻǰӦһЩͻˣųȵ̬
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նҲпһɳ졭
һɾͷǰ壬ߵĺԶǣż˼ԭϢƬ̣ǰĻܿߵøԶ

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㳡һţʮˣŮһ⣬ʦʱǵ̸Ƭ̺ʼƷ֡
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ֻѧܵĳӣϹӾϹӡĿ¶мЩڴǴ̶㳡֪κ䶯
㳡̨ϵŮʤѩ׵ݣϲޱ˫΢գĽë΢΢Ƭ̺һյ˫ʣͻܿһа㡣
ΪŮ΢΢һ˫ӳ̲Ĺ켣ǹݣȻ·ĿӶȥʱɫһ䡣
һƹݣɫľϣ˺ۣЩطܿ첹ۼ
ߣΪأһ٣кγ֮
ٴҡͷȻУŮԶɣҲǸУǵĿʱɫȴ¶ʡ
̨һĻЩǵ顣
Ůϸ׵ݣһ˿һ˼̻ζǴŰɫȹǶׯ߹ľšôģ۵ģһ京ĳ˳Ⱦ
һΡ㳡һǣ߸ӦϷһĻӿ죬ʥŮߴ½һֱѰҵԵˣһΣܻܿʥŮۿ
Ѿͷɣϣ¶οЦݣɽԽˣΪһŵһϿɣһԣԣпޣһǶȣʦݣҪ
ѧĽ




240 ɵ
СϪˮù㳡ϱ뿪ˣͻأͣ׿̨ϷŮһЩԥ
һΪʲôأԭֻһ
˫ȻǸС
ԭǸϹӣ
˷ʱ䣬߰ɡ
㳡ڿŮͣµ˽Ｘٴλȥ
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ĻȻ䣬軰ʱĻѩ¥͵֣ѧñ˵ĳЦ
һϹҲѧ֡
˫Σ⡭һĿ¶ᶨֻܷܷѵˮ㴥ϡ

СϪˮٴ𣬽ģСϪͣͣǻȥļ伫Ϊ
ĻȻ䣬㳡½½뿪ˣŲͣ£˴˴һ˿棬׿ȥ
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ڴ·ߣĿǰ;Ĵۣ·ϲѣĿ겻䣬벻ϡ
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ԽԽƵͻһѹõĻɽ
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ʦһڡҧ촽ˮԼ䣬еΪԺ
֪ʦضĳһ䣬ĿԼ
۽ëϲСյ˫ۣʱڸӦһʱɸеʣģ֮ʧ֮һĸо
ģһ䷼İ
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̾һŵˡ
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ϵʯ׼
ھʱһһģһŹֵ֮ϲͬգһˮʲš
̫ǰʮֺ꣬ϫ𡣡
ʮ̫֮գֻҪյʱ׼ȷһв޿ܡ
ȭĿдһ˿⡣
ʮԼ


241 
ĺڵĵصУȵ¶ȣķ
ϥɫݣƽһ׷ն˻Ϊ֮ͨɫϸϸȥܷͨĻУһ˿ɫ
ڣ齣һ㣬ٲɵͬʱסľ硣
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ǰѴﵽ˼Ӥ۷ľ磬ԪӤֻһ֮䣬ɵĽ٣¡
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ˡ
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ϥ֮ϣɫݣ˫鶯ƺڴһЩصķ

ĻȻ䣬ðݵ֮ڣɫֱͻΧ
칭ա
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˫ۣ˼Цݡ
𡪡ɻꡭ죬ɾˡıŰǷµ⾳
ԼǴ࣬Ƭ̺վӣ̧׿ϷͻܿƲذ㣬ּóһɫĴָϸصķš
λִ꣬ţԹռЩԵӶֻ֮սִ֮ţĳ
һһ㣬һӰʧԭء


242 
ɽˮܲéһ˶ߣɽȼ伫ΪţͻһǣļµɽУһƾòɣС
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ն¶ѪЦݣԺӡƺΪӦһǿ
ɫԿܣǰһֱ֪Ϊ񣬵ڻ׾ԳиС


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һʱֻ𵴵УɫŹɷֱʡ
ٷڡն𾪲ڸӦϢһ˿ɵ
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245 ֮Ű

ڵҹɫ£ͨɫֱʣԶԶȥͻҹɫһǣƻֺꡣ
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նҧ˫ĿеɱδŨңҲδɱһˡ
˺׷ɱħʿǱ׷ɱ׷ɱδй
һսˣȻʵԣǺ޽ϾʼգնһֱĹһл⣬׼ʱˡ
֮Ϊ֮ഫԳһ磬Ҫ룬ûܣ¼ҪҲһ̫֮ա
һ֮ѽ룬⼸һֱδ裬ϣܻųҡ
նڿһУƬ̼ʧʼ䡣
֮ഫӵޣţ磬֮ӵԴ
ҥԣ类⣬ԭ޾֮


 


246 ֮
ׯµĴǰθʿϥģڴǰ֮â˸һʿڹâ߳ϡĿ۹ſһ
ʱĹȥǰ˰֮ࡣ
ʱһâ˸һʱϥǰʿԼͬ˫ۣɨ˺ٴαϡ
Ϊһ꣬һϮ£ɢĮϢв԰ףǴڤɽͶ衣
֮Ŀ˸оɨ۹ǰˣҲһ䣬ľʵ½࣬Ҫһػָ
Ƭ̺ڸӦзŷŻǲĴͻıʣϾ֮ʿһ֮ʿҽǴ
֮ʵ˽Ⲣ࣬Ψһģ֮Ϊ֮ഫرԴ֮γɣҲħĽ类ӡ
Ҳʿڴ֮󣬶ɹ٣ɲֻܷܺľԪ档
ҥǴ޾ķӡҪһΨеõǴ˵ıԴ֮
Ҳǧ֮ʿ֮ԴԴ
ָɺ˫۷ɨˣио⹬ǰʿԪӤڣΪֻΪļ
ٿǰׯµĹ֪úʴţīɢļµѹһֱţڹ֮ϣǵšʮš֡
ȻۼڹǰʿŴŴ򿪣ʮţƬ̣в룬֮ӵеĹӵʮϡ
ǰ⹬֮һ
һ費ᣬʵ²ԪӤڣնһսҲԪӤԲ֪ͻƵⲻսɸġ
Ҫһ𣬻Ǹ߼Ļϵʯ
ϣ֮ջ񣡡ʶȥһҲ¶Цݡ
ɱﵣȥҹ⣬ټľ棬ͨ죬ȥƿյ͵Ϯ⣬ɲٿظֲ
⣬ΪľľںϣҲľһı죬ķǵʯǿȡֲ
ֻҪﵽһľϵٴľٽһ䣬ֻľϵǷֲ֣ҪǧĹ
ҪһĻԵ
һ䣬Լʵ
һ迴һЩ֮һһã龵ܹһ˼ڱȽ֮
Ҳ²⣬ټϷ칭ľ֮ȫսʤڣǲһ˿
ԪӤڣӵż£ڲ֮ء
ʱĹȥǰۼʿԽԽ࣬һЩڵʿҲʮ֮ࡣ
ʱּâ˸ӰŮΪ˵ǣǰߵӣһףž޴ӣһȣɢĶ֮硣
ƺħЫ֮ܵܡ˰ʮλɽóʹõ˵ıѴ
ϣâÿε˸һЩʿۿȥ˿̣ʿɫ΢䣬ץŴӵӣжš
ԱλƺǷ񡪡꣬˰ʮλʹõȣǺ绽ķ¯ࡣ
ڹǰ˴ʿʼ̸мɵϾӹʿԪӤڣˣڵĸ֡
Ҫذͨʿ
ʮţӵ֮ؽǲͬ⹬ǰ⼸˾һĴڡ
磬⹬ôû
Ķŵİʿһ𣬲ʱһɫƤ޵Ů˳Ů£ɫ֪Ƥ֮鷿ΰ߼鷿΢΢Ծ롣
⻬Сδڵ£һ˵Ķȹȹ֮޳ȷˣСȼһɫСѥ
һƤޣһֲŮεĿ򹬵ĵĿ⣬ɨʿʱȻ֮С
Ĺǡ
ʿɫһϽҧ⣬ɧģҲСĻȡ
ؼ䣬еŮΪޣͶ䣬һЦ䣬񲻶ȻĵŮӣóޡ
һЩϸҲˣŮɫƤ޸Ƿ˵ͬżλʵʼ䣬ȻȴƤܱ꣬
֮á
һ˼ʿв˰ʮλ鼫ŮĶԶɫ㣬ȴһŮ
дŰԵ
ġڿʿĿ˫磬һ˿̬ε
ʿ국Цȣֻ뾳ʮ֮һţؽܳһʤ˵ܳһ˴ҲˣǻСΪá
һ󣬰ʿĿĹˣڹǰʮʿͣƬ̣źϼһ߾
ʮϢٶڷڡϹŵЦݣȴһһѡ
ɽŨĺ룬˼ȥ˵ͷȷʵһһʮӦɵǺ˺ĻӮ治󣬵ȥӦò⡣
ɽƺǴ֮ˣȻʵȻܴ񣬵ϸĸ
ԣеͷǷڣûǿĹصķӦòˡ
ͻȻһڽһϣָָܷܷ磬˵ʮ˶ǷڣƺԪӤڰ
˵ͷ˿ԪӤڣ֪ΪΣܸΣ֮УͷҲ𣬵һһɳ졣
˵˴ԴĿԼãЦ˰ʮλպ֮ϡ
һ䣬ɽһۣ˴˫˸â
ʵԣΪʱ䲻δ쳹أȴΪ֮ϣԱϣҲΪĲʡ
ҥ裬ϽԪ֮ʮɽ
ҥҥҲû˵ɡƲƲ죬ɢŲʵɫʣ;޵ݣ԰Ĵ
ûۼ˵ǣҲǣϾذеĲʵԶӰ죬ӶλģǻΪϽ֮ˣλϡ档국Ц
ڴ˾֮ʱǰﵽ֮࣬վ޿վĵزһЩʿҲ˴
Ƭ̼䣬һâ˸һ룬һϸС˫ͫȴһļΣǰۼˣ֮


247 
û뵽֮ƾʮţ˶ˣж٣ߴŻŹɵĸ֮硣
ιСÿˡ
ڲǰк󣬽߶һŭΪڷڷ룬ŭ꣬ԪӤڶѡ
ѣطˣɡɨһۣ˿·磬ԣͬʿվȻЩΪһġ
üͷڿվ˵мŭȻȴǷǣϾǼУ˵ԪӤڣ϶࣬ǿгҲǳֺá
ߡ
һ߼ǰУʵ⹬ǰʵʻſλȻЩʿÿ˵ϢҲռһҲЩӵ
ʮ׺󣬽üͷＸ֮࣬ѾһЩһ˵ģǷʿǰȥĽ֮Աǡ
Ϸˡ̾׿ȥصĵطǵطԽԽխ˲ϴͶ
û֮ء
ͻȻ䣬Ŀһ򹬵ǰһ״Ŀյأֻһϥ빬ŽףӦ絽ʿ
ԪӤڣȿΪЦһ˫ƹˣȥ
һٶһЩϥĿʿ΢΢ۣ¶ĪЦݣһЩԪӤʿǴֻꡣ
˵ĵطԡʿ국ЦȣĿԴڴҲ뿴꣬Ƿ˵
⣬ɽҲڴ˸ûλʵ֮Ҳɽ˰
ھǰͣ£ϸϸȥȷΪԪӤŵѣһռ˴ĵط֪ɷϷ¡
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˵ٴα˫ۡ
üͷ˳ָȥ϶ʱ¶ŭ⣬˵տȴһ䣬ΪǷڣͷ˰ʮλӰֺд
ѣڵ٩𣿡ñؼ꣬Ϊ˵һڸУΪҲǵ¸أԪӤʱǹмӡ
ǰˣǵǶһˣƺҲֻͷ
һɵϢӶˮ踲Ƕȥ֮Ϊؽܳʿ֮أڹǰ¶һ֣Ҳ֮ȥһ鷳
ֻεϢδٽ˫ĻȻͳһϢ
ͬʱֻâһ߶ͷǰư׷Ʈ䡣
һĻΪޣ޼˿ɿ
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Ҫٶ̫졣
ư׷Ȼľ档
Ϸ³ç֮¡ɫϱ仯չֵ󲻸ͣǴ֮ƻ뿪
ǾǵδŨ
꼸ԪӤԲӵֶΣӦòڷڣߵҪâиУһͣ˵ĻΪ
ϾЩʿʵһ㣬ȴŸڱ弸׵棬ؼ䣬ʵ
ĻͬΪ˱޶ԹΪ˸ط£Ӷһڸ֣ʵǡ
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ڷʿ඼ЦǵΪǱϵĮ꣬ΪϢ
Σա
ȥʱ඼Ǵֻ֮⡣
磬㿴Ϊ˸мΪĺ档
˻һɽҲԴڴ꣬ǰҲδǺ
âӦһ֡ɫأƬ̺૵ƺ棬ҥ˳أѵ˲Ƶľ硣
ԣɫ΢䣬һزǻһߣҧź촽ڴӦҪ
˫ͫĨ֮ʣӲ˼
֮˵ģһΪһֻǴ౻ͨƿء
뱦⣬Զŵż
Ԫʯʿ֮Ŀġ
ԪʯΨ޾췽УмΪأݴһֱŨ壬ô㷺ڲмһ˿֮ࡣ
񾳽磬ͨ߼ʯ㣬Ԫʯѡ֮һ
ڷϵľ磬˵ѻͷŵ÷ϣ
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ûͺá˵ͷٴοǰĿ⣬Դܡ
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һӵԪʯ棬¹ش
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ȻΪ޿ຣҲѹƲʿǴ֮ģЩʿ;Ѽ٣ΣҲʤʵ֮Ѹٹ̡
ھ֮Ǿ͸ԥ
ΪϾ֮أҥһ졣
վм٣˴֪֮뿪ͬҲǿ
֮Уһ֮ֻҪ˼뿪
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վڵĴţٿһӶӵʿĿ˸ָо֮ƺΣգԵ½ʿٵǹƥս
ȥľâɻأӼ䣬Σķ֮أ費ҽľջڡ
һ轫һ˼ƬóڻУʯҲǲ£룬ʱʶӦмĿ⿴Լ
裬֪Ȥһ


248 Σ֮
īǴءޱѹż˸ǿĵߣ˺Ʋ㣬۵Ĺâֱء
Զȥ첻Хظѹ֮Уͻһǡ
ΨһģǵرϳһֹŹֲֵֲҶһҡҷһۿȥͻ˵װ㡣
ֹŹֲֵ鲼ء
農վĿǰĩһĻüͷ𣬳ȥѹֵأ֮һо
ϢΪһɹ֮УƺѰ
ડ
ŽĽŲ󻺻欵ƣ
ЩΪݣ֮һɫ
׿ȥҰƤµŮһͣ˵ͷĿ⿴Ůˡ
ÿʿһν֮Źֵĵطеʡʿ국Цˣǰѽ˵ء
ȻΪϵͣδ֮ͣ
ϡǵã֮￴а죬£粢δع֮£ȻҪ֮Ҫǽ֮
ѣǰ˵ĺ֪ҪʲôһֱԵ
ԣɫ֣صҪ棬ҵԪʯƽ֣Σ
ǵĿģҲԹ棬ȻӵѰ棬һЩͨ棬Ѱԡ
Ҳǽһ֣˳ԣһٿ죬ȺӶ
ǰĮ꣬껹ɽǶţӦþݴųǧ棬ֻҪϺĻ֮صԪʯϣھ
Ŀ˸֣ҲжţԼ棬Ǳ߼ഫǰĲ棬Ҳľ档
ľܷѰԪʯ貢š
Ԫʯⶫڽ빬ʱѴԱʿе֪һֱʯ߼ʯͷںҲǿڱ֮
ҪϤ֮УƺħսĴɣԪ
ȻΪĲ²⡣
Ĭʱ꼸˲δţĮӦǿǣǷԼ˺
費˼ƬӦľ棬һϲٴο󣬻ԣֻѰҡ
ԣɽĿ⵱һȴ꣬Ȼһеᡣ
ɹŵЦݣΣԽܡ
˻һۣ˴˻ȭˣ˵кʵԼ˵˼Ǳ˴Ρ
迼Ƕ֮ϤԺһʲôףҼ㼸˷ڣҲȫˡ
꼸ˣ棬費ʲôֽ£ǲ˽񣬵Ȼ˺棬Ҳûʲôɵ
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֮Ϊɣڤױ鲼һڤ׻Уɢ꿴ʣļµ
ǰۼһʿΪӱܻ޵׷ɱͼնܣȻշ׸߿գһڤºֱ
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ż˶ߣɫ糣ƽĶУǿĴΪڣ޴ڴǷŹŹֵıѻס
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ǰĶŵ꣬룬ӦгʵŮҲԪӤԲʵ
⼸˱ʮʿҲһĸ֡
ѣ֮УǶԣʵɵļµģ֮ĻޣЩǧײУϲʿԪʵСÿһֻ޵ʵڷ֮ϡһߣһ߽
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ּ򵥣һޣͷ᳤һƣκƷֶˡԼޣǱ·
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Σ棬ΪðŸΣÿ֮ʿš
Ͼ֮ȥ汦⣬Ԫʯӵ㹻ջ룬ȽϣһԪʯ൱ѰʿʮĿޡ
ǰУëëϸ꣬ñͲĴأһĮ
˵ٶĹâǴζˮţԽɽ󣬼Ҳʮʿɽ
Χһֻͷǡ
˲δᣬǰУҲʮ˵ĿģͷǺ󷽵ɽϣǿþӨ貵ɫȻǻҲǲ֮
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΢΢ͷû˵ʲôв룬Ͼ֮Σʱ޿ᱦӶʿĿ졣
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ʱһɽͣ£ĿԶһ󣬿뿪˱Ե֮Ҳ٣ӦԪʯδѣˡ
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˵ͷܴӦΪӦľһԣֲܸ֮ϢҲ˵ǧ֮ڣľ͸һֲӦϢ
кľϥ䣬ȡһʶӦľ棬һ򾯽Ĵأӣˡ
Ƭ̺Ժһ棬ЩΪһݷӦɽĺԶɱĶ飬һһ
ľʱڸɽ䣬ͿշУٶ磬֮͸Ӧ衣
꼸˻һۣδţֻǱ˴Ŀ˸ȴһ˿ڴִһ˿棬˵ģ裬˲ްٷְġ
磬˵ѰԪʯҿһֱҲų档Ƭ̺Щͣü
Ͼľٶ֮ǰ룬֮
겢ͬɻ󣬱ϾһͷţӦǳǧѹѹһȺȻֻǼ£δкξٶ
ȵȿɡ
Ҳڱ£оĿĴ˴֪¿ƽȻ֮һҲΣķʱŹޣԼŴʿ
һվĿԶ˫ͫ˸ͣһ󣬿Ԫʯǧ֮ûС


249 ֲ
һгƬ̺üһ壬ô϶⸽ûУ
赭һۣȻҸѰң˵ûûţҸ
ӵľ棬費ͣȫǿӲ̬Ȼֶ֮
˿϶֪˼Լã赭Ц
С軺Ŀ⿴ĳһľķУһɫڹ·ϣһɽɢŹŹֵϢ
ϢϤ֮Уƺħսмʶƺ
⣬ڶҲһ֮أﵴſֲϢͻǸط̾ŴԶŻޣȻǸطҲɢľȸԾϢ
迼ãȥǹŹֵɽϾ⼸˱˴˺Ҳһ
ϣĿⲻ˸Ƭ̺󣬵˵ͷãСһȲ뿪ڣʱٴεһۣȥ
ˣѹвĿ⣬һмȻһֱԼ֮ϵ꣬û棬ʵΪ塣
󣬼˸С
;Уг˰ʮλֻΪһɣССɣΪ߽ԪӤڣţֱʵͦģʵ
˽ɽһۣ˴ζЦ裬ȫߣʱǵ·Ǵľ淴ϢУϸΣ
Ҳߵ·ߣϱ
ּ䣬ĺɫľĸӦÿһֻɫԪӤڵʵһֻ࣬Ⱥһֲֿ
·ܹ
һЩɽ䣬һ־ͷߣƾľӦ߿ֲϢзڣϡɼھ޴ͷ֮ϣһǰ㣬ǾΪ޵
ٴαܹ
Σķһ·׹ۣͨľ˲ưķ٣ԽΣһЩʱһֲֿѪֲ
ֲ֦Ҷÿһ֦Ҷϣһʬֲʿÿһʬ壬иУȻӵűʿ߳ɵʵ
һʬ壬ԪӤʵǧһֲֿĴڡ
辪ȵǣľɹʱϢȻƿֲֲֿ
⣬ֻҪ;ֲֻҪϲδȫľ澹Ȼȫƿأһֲ̣ȻΪֲչֲƶߡ
Ҳھȵͬʱ̾
ƶߣ⻹ǵ㣬ϾԼܳһزߡ
ǰľ淺ģӶ߽ͨգԭԭġԽľϤľصԣΪľȡ
ֲԣľľںϺҲϡ
û뵽⿴޵ֲȻӵԱĹʵǸƵݵֲһޡ費ϸĴж֮ص֣档
ˣ費ɽȥ˴ļҲвͣҲһƤޣһֲزڲ֮£Ծš
ܸоԼɵƵģ⽩ʬĴƣ˵ߣߵķȴȻͬ
ֻÿΪԼʱǵĵͷȻڣ衣
֮ĺƴ󣬳Խ󣬼㼸ٶȲҪҵԪʯǺ֮£һȴǧתеΣҲڲɢ
ʱǰһĺֲ֣һٴҵĻţһɹϲϢ
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꿴ɽˣŵ˵ͷ
ˣ費ٴǰУȻһ֣ȻֱԽ
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ϾǰһЩƽ֮أȴգֿƹ죬ȴֱӲ룬Բ²˼
޷ֿƹ죬ʵƽҲǾɽ·Ųͣ͵
ԥƬ̣ʧֱԵɽͬʱ꣬ȻǶоֵŹϢ
ֻǣǷƽǲ϶
˫Ŀ˸ͣһͷ󣬻ȥ
˵Ϣ죬ҲǴҪں֮ǰԼȻͲв֮ģڱ˴û¶ǰ겢Ϻ
ȻΣ;꽻ˣʱž䣬Ĵͬʱ衣
һ֣Ҷ֮ζڿıӰ󣬼ҲǼӿŲ
ֻû߶ãȾǱ̲ݡ
֮صĹһӦͷųһεĶ̣ԣö
֮Ƕ̵ζʶɲ鿴
˳ָȥʱһþ޴ľ䣬һÿúɫС΢΢ҡҷϳһ꣬Ϊޡ
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˵һν֮ʱܴ˲֮ƴ£µ档
ѣˣ˲ݡ굱һȣΪ貢̲֮
Ųͣ£תˣһЦѣǶˣ̲ȷʵΪˣǴ˲ȴӦֻҪδ̤һΧζ̲ͷš
ٻһ˵ͷ˶̣ڵʱ䣬ҵˡ
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ڸոս֮һģһɫֳ֦һɫ֦
ʱ𣬴̼ΪŨȴɢУƾ֮С
֦Ĵ֦ƴĴ룬ʣ
Ȼӣ˪˵Լ̤֣ٶȼΪʱ׼ų
δ⣬ھһÿòʱͳ׵ܲ𣬽ԶУƺΪ룬ˣΪɵ
Уڿһ׳Ļߣžɵʧ֮䡣
߲޴ͨӣ迴ߵͷӵĴǣȻ߲ò࣬ѳɻޣұѰ޸Ϊǿ
ٴμ֤һһֱģʯţ֦Ȼ봫һ㣬ӵ޵Ч
ɨ֦͵ͣ£һУľƿնк˫ͫ¶ͯеϲãϸСͷĦ֣ͻ㡣
ЦЦĿ¶֮ɫ˵ͷƬˣʼɡ
ľԣϲɳֺڵϣ󱳲ײϲһŹֵͬʱľĹʼۿɼٶȣϿή
Ҷ׷ɡε֮أӸӶľΪȸԾɫââ룬
迴ܣὫ䣬ϥӦľͬʱСռڣɫת
Ƭ̺Ķͷֳӡǣӡǹ⻪ûãĶͷ˸գľͣǰתľл꣬һۿɼٶȣɫ
ڴ֮£һϢ޼ɵĵԶڼޣŭ𣬵ȴ˿ҿ׳ء
˴иУصỊ̇롣


258 Ĺ
Уε֮Ϊģǵӿ˳ʱǰľֹͣת仨Ȼɫꡣ
˫΢ڴ֮£ɫľСʧڶͷ䡣
ڶ仨ɫԶֵľ֮ȻͬѰϲãȻϵľɫΪľľ湲һ꣬ľľʵȻ
֪ľ䣬ʲôЧڴ˼Ƭ̺󣬽ԪʯóƬ̺Сռڡ
Сռ䣬ųŵĻԪʯƻȥƬ̺ɫһϲ⣬Ԫʯ뵱Ԫһɱ仯ɱ仯ϵ
ʶһ赱䣬㣬ս串ǿһ̣ʶҲһֻٶȣš
ʱٴɳ֪ݽš
Ԫʯʯ֮ϣӵеҲڴ˸Ũ֮£Ϊˮɰ㣬һԪӤԲ
ĿԽʵ֮貢δͣ¶һ칭ֳʮһŭš
ɫأһһ˼Ƭ̣ٴεȥ
ʱȸ˲Ϣʧ⣬ԪӤСˣʱ˫ۣСֳ֣أҲǵȥ
ڴ֮£ŭһϯԪӤСˡ
С¶ʹ֮ɫɫףϷţ״һĻС岻ϳΣҲ֪˶ãɫ׽
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ã˫Ŀ񡣡
̶ʱ䣬ΪֱԪӤԲԪӤ£ʶԽԲʽ˷ڣͬʱиУɵˡ
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ĿɨȥǰľȻʧѽβ˻ֺٻľ棬ϸϸȥµľ仯Ψһǰ˫ڱΪ
Ȼ濴糣ڸһﲻɾȣľ󣬿ͷųӰĳ˷һǧڳӰ£ľ漸޼
ʵ֮Уܴ鷳ˣȻࡣ΢ЦɣĿ⺮â𣬾֮ڴ˵ء
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ĿĹˣʱΧҲ⣬һƬҶ䣬֦أиУԶֻҪʱ䣬ɻָïܡ
һľóȼ˳ŹֶУļǵãڹֵӵһżĥţżܷõõϢ
ȻûУ˳֡
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Ųͣ빬ĿĹˣƬڵǽڵ̵ķϣûãٴǰС
ӷϣ迴ĳ⹬Ϊչãڴ˱չʿͨ󣬲ԻΪͣǽ֮أɺ԰
סʲôˣЩȣǰУַûãһټһ
Ŀһһ˼ǰʰ
Ȼƺ׺ֺ󵱼ΪĩĽƮҷ
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ǽ壬һʿϥЩʿɫ糣ͻ붨а㣬迪ʼҾȣֻڲ鿴£ҲЩʵ
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ЩʿǰȻǿߣȥƾһΪȻס겻ɫأعΪĺˡ
֪﷢£ΪЩʿиУЩʿǱ˴ǵǴͨΪ
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ұʿƽ׷Ѱãã
Ϊ֮ȡ
򿪡졣
ĴԴ̻ͨһ壬磬ǧأ硣
Щ֣ӦǱ˴ʿҴЩʿм䶼ţʿ׷Ѱļ㣬ȡ졣
ҥ޾ľУӵرԴӦΪ֮ʲôȣһ̤룬ͬ٣Ϯ
ֹŹ뷨Ƭ̺辡ѹ£Ȼ棬֪ʱƲʱ򣬿һ֮ԣӣϡ
ٴǰȥһʯ֮ϣƱ鲼죬ʯıϣС̻֡
ԭֱ֮·ǺǣƹһΡ
Щߣʲޱȣǰ磬Ȼͬƺ⣬Ҳͥɡ
оȣһͷһ˾ƹΪ֮ǧǰ˾ƹΪߣʱѽ⡣
Ƭ̣һ㱻ϣбԭ֣ȻƹҲǵһҲҵȥ֮·ȥµ塣
Դ˾ƹܿǺߡ
˼Ƭ̺轫Ŀ⿴ǰһȡ
֮ӵ뿪֮ķͬҲӵнһķûйԥȥ
޾ӵĴȥһĵ·ȫڵУڽʱѾ
īһ㣬ɫȺŽ롣
ߣ࣬أŻһ·ǰУüͷţĸʯĶǧ˶Ĥݣȵм䣬̻ĸѵʯ
󷽳һС
ʯΪĤݣѺ𣿡ŲֻͣԼ²һĸʯΪעĿ
ʯڣֱһֻͷޣ˫ǿˣƲʰĻǣԼһɷǵߡ
Ȼʯ̴ֲڣ֮⣬Ϊ
Ƭ̼߳ȣ׿һۣϷһңϵ̡˰·֡
һۺ費ᣬĿǰͽֳ˽â鲼ĴʯҲҷ
˼Ƭ̣赱ʯóһһ²䣬˼⴫Ƿ֮ͨʯȼô
б޻Ȼá
һк迪ʼ˼ʣһ֮ȻҪȥɣߵԼ
֮ߣ·;ңԶиŸΣǰ⴫˵ҿ϶ʵȴǾ֮·
ԥãվӴ뿪Ͼϲ²⣬⴫оųɿţԭԾƹµ֡
ԭ
˵Ϊҳʿ֮
ǰʱľһĿ⿴򹬵һǣľ淴Уǹһصʡ


259 ֮ػսһ
Ƭ̺һ㣬һɫֱǽһʱʱӺͬʱصĳǽˮڻ
ɫأǽصģľҲ֪зУиУǶľϵйأʲôΨп֪
Ƭ̺󣬳ǽճһ󶴣ɫײδֹͣͬʱһ貵Ĺâڶ˸Ŀһʶ̽ȥûӦκΣַһӡ
Ϩǽ¶һɫש飬שһۿȥƽ棬ǰâ˸ῴۡ
ľ棬ȤľⶫһУשŹ켣ƮУϸϸȥʱשͭ
ʶβ̽˿ﹹ죬ͬʱҲӦ
ߴߴ
ľΧͭשתɣŹɺ棬ȻͭשľҲ֪á
Ƭ̣轫ͭשУľ棬󻺻ͽȥ
ͽ磬ΪʯĹ룬⻪վڴͽǰһŲ̤롣
ʱ֮޾Ī⣬Ǵ˴ͳߴΣ֮أ롣
ûã֮Żһߵ̧׿ȥʱǰһΰ˹ͨƽ죬ڹϷʯ֡
֮
赱һϲĿ⿴ʱʱȺʿ򹬵ȥȻʿһֹŹֵĿ⿴
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֮ô죬Ͼؾ磬մҸӣȥϹĴ˵⣬ĸãھв´󣬴ˡ
Ȼǲ֪ϽĳһأиߣԴΪĿ꣬ľһ
һɨȥɫָĮһ󣬵֮ȥЩʿľȣҲв¡
֮ĴżΪ̻Ի֮£һĪѹʶɨȥûйͣС
˸ս룬𱬣һۿȥоȡ
ƴͷӿʿﲻ˵Ƿһмĸ䣬ϰʿ䣬ǰŸɫ貵Ĳϡ
֮ǣĳַ֦ͨҩȵȣ
һǣвʿѶƣȻЩʿȻϽˣܸ޾쾳ڣִ𰸡
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ѣͷǣϺòϣֻһٸ߼ʯҪ𣿡
߼鵤˦ƿֻһöԪʯ
ǧöԪʯһöҪٶȡ
޾ֻͨ㲻ʣҲ𣬼۸񹫵ͯۡ
һȲ˷װʿ̯λǰѰԼ֮
һ·ǰУȹ˴ͼϵʯϵʯΪָã˴ϣΪ׼ʣ֮һȦ󣬲δˡ
ûãһǰѯʵֲ֮Σ
߰׷Բԣǰһ⻪Ʈ֡ͨʱԣһЦ͵֮㣬ڶӵȥͽ磬ӵ֮ͽ硣
֮˵ͷһ߼ʯȥٵʣУӵʲô
ԣΪѣҡͷʳϷ֪룬һɡ
һͽ磬кҪ󣿡
ߵӵÿ˸ʱͽ翪ھ봫ͻʱ
ٽһʯȥ̾Ϊ޾У֪ڿ֪ЩѰ⡣
߲ԹɫĿ˸һٵѣϷ֪֮У޷ֲλãˣذʿȵȡ
豾ȥʱԣʵ֮ӵЩذʿҪ֪ġ
ʶˣ֮һǿ߲࣬Ǿ޵ĺ֮㣬ڽΪף˿ɵһšİڡ
֮̾ɫٵģڷڷΧĪԣ˪ɹ˿ʥŮӦɣΪһ
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農ţٴʵҲ˵֮ʿΪһһʿӦ֮û
Цŵ˵ͷ
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ֻ޼ʣޱߣε֮£Ӱ˸貣ȻصĶ¥նѲ⣬Ϊ¥󷨵ǿ󣬷ͨڴ˷ģӰ졣
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Զ¡֮ԺĹâ˸ߡ
Ϥ軺ǰУĿ⿴ǰһϣǾ뿪֮ʱűϣͷӿһʿĿš
ȺĿ˸ƺ䵥ʿ
һҲˡ
뿪֮ˣһضʿֲ֤֮ٶʿŶ˵ˣҶԲʿ
貢δ⣬ĿĹˣʼѰ¥;
룬벻ʿֻ飬¶˲Ŀ⡣
ʦ֣ʿƺһˣҿηη·Ӧòˡ
ţԪӤԲȻΪͣǶ¥֮ԪӤԲţëʦܣ𣿡
Ӧǳ˵أĺܣĬĬֻ֮ʦ֣ٲ̽һһСʿó̽
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ЩѾˣְɣҲûĺȡǿʿǰ
ڶ¥ᣬȻҳ㷹㣬ʵߣܸʿ飬ȻҪ֮Ϊǿʿ࣬УҲǽһ硣
ιˣĸɵģ
ʮӿȥ
üͷһ壬ŲͣʶɨȥԪӤʿʮˣ


260 ֮ػս
ϸۿȥΪ󺺣ǰ˵ı־ʮУˡ
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󺺿ǰ꣬һĮƺκӽãȻ󡪡
˵˻ʱʣʿȤ裬еĿԶϼҡͷ̾ȻһЩʿʱЦ
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Ӹ˵ԪʯûУûУٲã߼ʯûУ
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ÿʿ΢΢һϸϸȥɸоԪӤԲ벻ףţԽ
ʿһʱδӦʿŲȻǰһŭˣûʦֵĻɵˣǱŴˣ
ó
Ŀкâ˸һĻԣټҲķϻһӣâ˸ʿոշӦǰһâһֲֿٶȣڡ
âһ̣á
ʿֻԪӤΪľٶȣ˿׽
͡
âʧʿҲδһ̯Ѫˮ
ߴߴ
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ʱǰǰСʿȻʦ֣˰ʮλǰʱ͵Ϯʿͽӣ˰ʮλ
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ʿĿ¶֮ɫֵѣǰᣬ¡ȻȫԸƽɫûɽˮ֮ʱ뽻ꡣ
ֻǿʿϢˣܷŹʵ¥֮·ߣ
˳Ŷߣһ·ǰУʿƽص
΢΢ͷ£Ȼ󡪡
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δһӣâƿնֱʿͬʱʿɫ䣬ʶһζֳǰ
ǺãƵֳ赲ľ棬෴Ϊɶľٶȸ
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鿪
ʿھ壬Ͻѣ˽ڡ˻˵һ룬;Ҳˮں
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ʿȵӰʧ󣬷ʯţϽžȥ
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ܽȥҲһϿɡ

һ·ǰУʶͬʱŴЩʿԪӤ𷨱ʤǿԪʯʮӣҲ㾪ˡ

ͻȻĿһǰͣ£һģһͭɫֳ⾵ƽ棬ʶɨȥܷ
ֻԴ˾ΪϤ
Ͻؼ֮һԴӾɢȥƵõһ棬ڵڶˡ
Ƭ̣轫һźãٴǰС
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ˡ
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ʱǰֳһ޴ͭţͭǰһһʿػš
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ߺˣ
δٽ֮Ǵ
᳣ʿһۿ壬ԪӤʵûãǰͣ£һۿȥŷӸ߽ףһͰ㣬Բһ׸ߡ
ʱӾӸ£ưĴ裬ȷδ˱־䣺ѣŲ
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Ǿͱˣ£ʿЦһּ䣬ֳֵ


261 ֮ػս
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⻪貣ȵ¥΢΢ҡҷ
һһʿһۣЦֳĿӶȥڹŨУĴģƬ̣һӰỤ̃߳
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ȻһֻֻƬתͣ߾
һ˼ֻҪʯ㹻ԪӤڹ޶á
ѣȰһ䣬˺Ȩû¡ʿɫرǿŲ˿ͣ
ĪҪˣ


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䣬ָо鱮Ϊ𻵣ƺĳĿġ
ʱмӰƮһڿ󣬵ѣǷУ
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Ͼ¥ɳĮУȻʵ޳Խ̫ߣ̫ࡣ

һߣʱдӰ˸Ӫ˴˷ֿذͨʿԼɢޣռ
ɵӣǲΧиʿ
Ϸٽ֮ʿֻҪˣһĨɱ
䡣
󷽣ϼɣǧʿɽ磬ڿмҶײ
ҷħ̵ħ⣬ռһߡ
м䣬ŭң׽٣ǰĩհ㣬һƬҲ
·ããɳĮ׹Ѫɺӡ
һս޹⣬ɫ
ذʿ£Ϊ˽һΪǷӶ̤֮Թ
ʿΪͽͬΪ˽һΪģɱ⡣
ʼգʿΪĿġ
Ųʿͬвʿ˷Ͼʱѹһʱһأʱܷ뿪¥Ҳδ֪
ʱ󷽣˲սɽʵʿ䣬ϲ㣬ֻ˺ĮһС
ѣһΣڶԣ˻Ȼٹʱ˽Ļ롣
ʵڸ߿֮һʵ국˽üĿ̬޳Ͷ䣬ŵӢ֮
½֣ˣԼŶӲɢҲκŶӣһԼ¡깰ֵ꣬ͬưӡ
ŶӣǺǣҪսȻͬһӪս֮£ͬһŶӣǲΪֵģȻѾΪ֮Ȼ½ĳʱӭ롣ɫ䣬Ŀջ뿪
ԶȥӰ½ɣ˴ذ˰䣬ҲΨһ뽣ƽϧǣҲʹа
аҲʧȥɡɽ޳ɵ
˵ͷ֮ˣһΣҪ֮֮ջ񣬷ھ벻Զڣʱ̼
ɽԣǵͷмΪڴ
ȷʵԣ޾쿴ΣķͬŻĿǰԣӵеԪʯһ硣
ֻѰǾʹ˷룬ǰ֮󣬰ʹ˷ѡ
οɽڣһΪֻҪߣྡӡ
Դһ˿ƴ˾֮
磬˵𣿡
ͻȻ䣬ʵ
국һЦҲ±ȽѣҪ֪ôԪʯģδؿˣŶһԱǻʵ
ɽ˵ͷذʿΨã⣬ھԪʯ֮£ҲһлᵽɽȻˡ
ţͬ衣
裬ʵɲ⣬иоԪӤΪʵҡ֣صͬʱŹֵɨԼã˼Ŷӣ
˭˵
ʱˣ鷿΢֤ͦԼʵȻﲻϣȻϣص꣬ʵԼ߳ࡣ
ˣ˼ɣǱذʿƺԿˡɫݵ
ĿӶȥ΢ƲذУˣ𣿡
һ㣬ܷܷ鼫޻裬ֱǼʿȥɽһЦȥ
䡣
쫷磬磬֮ڿе


262 ֮ػսģ
ȷХɳããɳĮ֮䣬ʿվעԶ¡һĻ
Īԣ봫ʱˣôҪȽǵһ국һ£Ʒ룬ӭվһ˷ɡ
ԣһİ꣬촽΢ЦЦ׵ˣ˵𣬵ֻССϺ֮սҡ
ĪԵĻŨŨưΪܳĵӣδһǰݡ
ԣ׵룬ڴ֮ɽˣ˲аҲǹ¾ս֣ǲΪ壬ΣȤ𣿡
ĪĿһɽ֮жţΪڷڷ룬Ҳ˰ܳһ׵˵˻ĪЩ⡣
ˣںɽйڣʵ½ǣ֪ӵĿɹ۵Ԫʯ
׵Ŀ¶ʣΪһٽĺܣ޲ӵдԪʯΪɷǱ
ļǵãɷǽӴΣΰ飬ͬʱΪ󽵣˵ɷǣ˵ǿǡ
׵ˣ˼ףû٣˶ٰɣ㵱Ҳ쵱ôǣĪԹŹɨһۡ
׵ɫ΢죬һ󣬴Σٴε˵Ŷӣʵһˣ裬Ҳ죬δѣҲ˵γȥԪʯ⣬Ļ˽ġ
Ǻ󱲣һΣһΣȻ޵Ҿʹͬ֡׵
˻һĪɫһ衭
ΪϤμģ˪ĪԨԴ˪ΪˣԼҲмΪ
һССԪӤʿкʸ˪࿴ߣҲãҵҪ֣ͬӰ㣬ŲĪĿ¶ưͬʱã׵ˣ
׵һϲǵʵƽɫҿţ֣ŮԪӤ磬ֻҪҶǣ꣬ʣµľͺðˡ
˵˴оưĪԣмĿŨ׵˵쵱жΪΪ裬׷Ѱ
Īԥһ£˵ͷʼգֻΪ裬⣬֣Ҫңҵʿ֮棬ش
׵̾ϧˣ˻ĥСأˣøɣһССʿһ
˻һۺ󣬵նǰս֮طȥ

ʱż˷Уûãǧ֮أֻǽɫ΢н뿴ȥ˾
ܱߵĻսִͬ۽֮С
ΪԪӤʿивٷڣֻսԶԶȥҲܸӦȡ
ѣѵң䵥Ǽ˿ɲ㡣Ϊ꽭Եʣ༸ˣδ裬ٶٴ
ΪⳡػսУʵЧ˵ˣһڻңǲϡ
ಡ
â磬ʡ
迴ŶԼļˣЦһ·ɽһȣȥ⼸˵˼һ·ʱȻ
صʵʵֵܣϾػսУܱһ֣ûʵ㵱ڻңȲҲ
֪
Դˣ貢û飬ĮжػгرȻ⼸˲ϿԼͬһ£·л⻹ҲŶһˡ
ಡ
ûã͸˼˵ٶȣǷǾԽʿԽ࣬Щʿһ⣬˻¡
죬ʿǵǻ㼯ѡɫнʹΪһ죬ÿҡһ£ȵĻǵضΪ׵ñϵʿΪɵ
ԣʱδΧ
ͬЭȺʿʱΧȦٺȵʿʩâ쫷磬꣬
Ƶվں󷽣ƾΪһǰԼ̣зЩƽĺܣĴУЩ߼ģ㼸ʮ֮ࡣ
ͬһʿӱȥ޹⣬Ƿǿᣬ¥¥ʿ˵ͬ¥ʿڷͨϣȻ¥
ԪӤϷΪͬ£УϣƷ
Ȼ֮ڣԭķҪɳԼǿҪӡʣµĳһΪĴڡ
ԼǷԽǹ棬ңңͬʿԪӤڣӡ
Բϻ죬ʼͷ֮ʱʱüˡ
ѣƿŸһһˣһҲӲ
һ༸ҲǹŹֿ裬ɫԹ
ɫ糣Ҫһȥ׾٣ʱԣ˼Ƭ̣⼸˵ңһ·ǰǲѹϵ֮ˣȨһ顣
оһģһɫСɽֳɨһۺ󣬵һӡ
Сɽŷ˲Ϣ̩ɽ֮أŰΧʿݺ䣬ƻֺ꣬󵱼Զڰ֮ʿǱһĻ𾪡
ǵˣԼҲɫ䣬ǿɫСɽԪӤƷҪһףȴ֮ģСɽҲҪˣֱȻҲһ
ְܼӵΪýԼ˾ޱȣ뿪ڣɫٱ䣬ʱ貢δͣ¶ƵƵӳһâ˸ķŮɢĴɳ
ԪӤƷɽƷ߲죬Ʒڤ
ЩɫСɽȻΪԪӤƷʤ࣬ʱÿһǱȻЧˣʿһ˶ӣԶģ򱻷ǿߡ
ԼɫüΪˣķжǿƷǴҲмֻЩֻ֮ʣŻԱ
һ֣ʮȺ硣
ԼǰԹ裬ŵƿЩˣ費ƿһ֣Ǿƿˡ
ˡɫ糣󣬵зȥֲ֮ϻӳһܱ߱ñʿŲһͣκˡ
Լ˻һۣǿЦš
ûãԽԽķҲ벻ذʿδ˻£Ҳ֮ˡ
һɽ£ĿĹˣذʿһѣĿӶȥ㼸֮࣬ȻڲԶҲȺʿЩʿΪ٣ҲʿصϮ֮һ
Ƭ̣ٴηǼκζУ׼һˣڲ۵Ľ䣬п
ѣȵȡ
ʱԵ
΢ͣѯĿ⿴ȥ
ΣƽѣзҪһΣ
ЦЦҡͷǰжڵңԵ´ٺɡŲȷɽԶȥ
ʣ༸ʿǰ̾һǼʿӪȥ˴֪ǰ·֮ʱ̬ȺЩ迴ϣԼһ
ļ룬࣬ϾܽԪӤ洦ӵģ˵ΪΣᡣ
ӮҲ㡣


263 ֮ػս壩
꣬˰ʮλɽ˰ʮλܲϣϣܸҴڴ
ɽ֮ϣĪԼվܹˣȥ׵⣬ʣʿԪӤԲ
˿һ𣬽ɫأĿɨӣΪϡĪԣܳӣİڡ
ˣϻ˵ǴһĪ촽ᶯɫư֮䣬һɫˮٴεϢڣ
ڣĪԵİͬȾУģ޼˰ȥ⣬һӡ
ں׵ˣָź룬ɫݣһ˷ɡ


꼸ɫԽԽأǺʣΣҲύҪ֪ߵһǿǺ˶Ѫ
Сģͽ翪ʱҪӲȥѪڴ˷֮һҪ괫ˣΨӲˡ
ɽһۣ֣صͷ
һ
ʱĪԺȻȻĿżˣͬʱ׵ˣɽͽˣʣˣץססŪ꣬Ұɡ
Ա߼ʿԣ¶Цݣ׵˵Ŀ⣬¶־֮ͬɫץסԴҪЮ꼸ˣֶΣǼΪ޳ɣȻҲֻк׵˲ĳ
׵ɫһ죬ɽȥд󺰣ֻΪ룬ĪҪ̫֮ˡ
һߣ༸Ҳֱ£Ī˫磬̤գȥ
꣬˰ʮλ˼ɸҽһ
нʱĪɫˮһɺƵſռãһֻɫӥֳ
ʮ챦ࡪӥϮ
Īȣָ񷡣
ɫӥŭһŹɷԽɳϯȥ֮ͻɳ
¡һĻͬԶʿע⣬ϾսڣЩССϺԾķսڽδ֮ʱδ֡
Īԣ治˵Ŀһɫţɨ۾޴ӥֵƵƵһַȡ
硣
һ֮£쫷粻ϱϳ죬ӿأɳǧ֮Ʊȥ
䡣
ǿͨڴ޼ɵչʾһС
ͬʱĪԵһЦɫˮٴһ
ʮ챦࣬ڡ
ĪԵţȥڱΪĻ֮˽ƷƷ֮ԣһˡ
񾳽編
˽ȥƷ׿Խ⣬ӵʮࡣ
顣
ؿʼ𵴣ʮ챦ٻ࣬ĪԵ߾ĿɳƥǼķʸǰ㴩ɳĮ
ѣ޹⡣
黯ʵʵ顣ɫԽĪԷڣڷʵȻѴ۷塣
һ׷ȣƾն˫ַƵƵһ⻪ֳַһһ̻ͷ䡣
¡
һ̣ǿϢ޷ԶƮݣͷһֳַʱͻһ
ָ쫷硣

һߣ׵ɽսȻʼ
ɽձѴÿһ£ռ䵱£һһŰ̬׵Ҳ֣ʱ٣ǣɽ
˵Ϊ൱ɽٶϣռϷ磬Һ׵˻Ϊ٣һʱ̣Ҳ١
ɽŭĿü޴ѴȻء
ס
䡣
ɳɽ𵴣Ϊģɳ˳㣬˷ɳ֮ϣһ㣬ߣ֮κﻯޡ
׵ɫ΢䣬ֵһӣٷţһ㣬˿
ռʣɽɨԶ꣬޴󰭣ɫʱһ䡣
ʱƲãԪӤԲʿȳ㲻ϮΪһȻʵ㡣
Ķ
ɽȣһ磬ȥʱ׵ٴλΪ٣Ϲ˸ӡ嫴㣬ֱɽ
֮׵óǿ֮ʤڹ࣬һ֣಻Թ˿
ɽӲֹסŲһҧشʱɢ֮֡
顣
һӡڻϣʱɣ˵δ˺ɽжҲǣ
ֻҪ֣ƾǵĸ飬Ԫʯɲǲ׵Цһ㣬ٴγǰ
ߣͬΣľƣһĥҲĪԵ˵ͼֻĪͬǣ
ʮ챦࣬
ս䶯һԶԶȥ⻪˸쫷ѣٱǽսʿ׷˳սɫ¶𺳡
Īһսƺ֤ţػսʽĻ
СС֣ǿ߱
˵ս
֮ʿۣȻΧɻսȴɽ
ĪѾˣˣƵǲǸһ֡
˼䣬һͯѵ⺢ͯư˾֮䣬۵鶯Ĵ۲˸ż
һۿȥϧ֮С
ȻڴϰʿȴһҶӣвʿ࿴
ٱħͯ˰ʮλư˾꣬Ȼʵ䣬û˲µĳ
½ɣվ˼䣬ü΢ҡҡͷǣܾǺǣӦģ˵ǻһˣ꽫ϣϰɡ
䣬Ա߶ʱ
쿪
ΪĮһϣһܿòߣֶ֮С
ӰɨһۣһЦ˼Ƭ̺󣬵ǴΣ֮ʱڳְɣϾֻʱǲŻļаһˣǺǣȷʵ쿪ˡ
꼸ʵ˲Ǽ룬ػսɹʽҲΨذʿһ𣬷пֿܵˡ
һ˸ıƣԲ󣬳аͨߣϧЩͨߣѽ˺ߵľС
ʱǿˣ׼һɡûãܳһ۴˵أɵһӣҲЩڴ


ʿǣƿ貵ķɽһÿҡһ£ѪڣԪȡ
ϴĴ۽ˣ˵ʵ˿
ټӰѾŮֲ֧˶ˡһ߱¶ģĿ¶⣬ĪŮҪȡԪʯԴŮ˫ޡ
Ȼ㣬ס̰ѭ򽥽һʿɨԶĪ׵˲޴󰭣ҲļˣðȻǰ
ಡ
ѷɽնȥһѻɫףһѻȻߣͬʱһʿɫһֱħӶȥ
޳ܵСռ̱ˣûšɲܷܷһɫ׷ʱ鼫һӶ
鼸ϨѪ䣬ŲҲ˼֡
ڹؼʱ̣ħԪӤ
ʱȻſҧĿأٴһӣ鼫޴ɫâһ߰㣬ݳ֮ڡ
顣
ĻȻһ⻪
ڴһ֮£ƸΪأǵɫƺУÿιȫǺľȫ
ȻǷֿκһ壬࿹ͬţ˼ΪգӲǲȡġ
ʦ֣ټӰѾͷŮ˶ˣһ޸ءǿ֧ţ촽
鼫֣ѾˣŮ̵õ壬οɽʵǰѣҸж
»ˡ
ҪɫͷԣŮʯ٣˺ܿҪһһʿѵ
ְɣľַɣƹټӰѾɧԪӤظ
ʿɫһٴθʩܣ˴ֻ֪ҪŮ֣ܵõԪʯҪ֪꼸ˣǴӺɽ߳ԪʯȻ١
һ廯֮
ʿ˫ƵƵǰɽϲţһӡֳԱߣʿóһɫѪ֮Ƭ̼䣬𵴣һ
񡣡
һʿһ׺ֳָֽ䱳һ˽һΪߣɫ죬ųɱ֮
󡪡١
ʿȻ˸ҧ
ͻȻ̧׿Զĩհ㣬ֹ⻪˸쫷¶ܰЦݣٿһߣâ˸Х
磬ɽǵͼҪһˣ֮һҪ룬ǵġͳʱļ
Сĸ˫˼ģ̤;ٴߡ֤ϲ䣬ʱ룬˺Ͷ̥
ǰļ仹пЦᣬˣͶ̥к壿
ˣͶ̥ɢٻż뿪
һ鼫ޣ˿޷ԶȵӵǴѪŨһ޵õֳ
磬Ʈ衣
һӣ޵õ廨Ʈ⻨ӵнʱ򣬵ջǻ㣬̣
ʱӡռʣ£Ӵ֫ӿ𵴣ǽն֮첻
ʿɫأ˴ȫֵպľʱȫܿǽ󣬵ܿӡǡ
ϾԪӤԲ롣
ͬʱȻһ鼫޻Ӱϳϣ䷴ͬѪ
գһ
޴Űʧأ޽Ϊ󣬲ʵ壬鼫ޣߣϬͬȾ£䡣
΢΢֮Ѫ˳űӵ䣬ɫΪ԰ףأ£Ʋ͸һϣǸ߸ϵ콾Ůʡ

˽Ϊڻǣҡ
ꡣ
һۣܷܷһ㣬󣬽޵õ廨࣬ĻȻƮĮһֹ̣ͣˡ
ꡣ
ײ߰ѷɽ߰㣬ϴԽڻ֮Уõ廨꣬ȴξ㣬Ƭ̣߰ѷɽĻȻʧ١
У䣬֮Ӱ㣬ͦ鷿΢΢ԾĿԶƬջزĿ⣬Ʈ䡣
Ż꣬ȻһЦ䣬ʱʱɫѩ˫üµݻһȻЦݣС
һˡ
Զǧ֮⣬ɽ¶ʱŭѣŭô𵴡
Ī׵в룬ʱѣǣɲͣ
ӪУĿ¶Űһ㣬ǰȥŨŨûڣû뵽Ȼ˸ңҲȫˣ˵Ԫʯء
֧һ££Ҫᡣɱ졣
޾У˫ζӡ䣬ֱ֮ǹҰ
ʿɫ𺳣ſŻŮӣ벻ͨΪԪʯ˵ȻҪ
Ԫʯ˶ѪΪһˣǷ
ʣѪŨľֻضĿԶͻȻһϤӰߡ
ȻӰΪңԶ俴壬ܿ϶ӰĶѡ
ʬ


264 Īս
ߴսѴǧȻ
ˣ貢ᣬ꼸ˣ˴ŵ֮Ϊѡ
ӣŵȣֻҪ˲ңҲˡ
һֱ꼸˲δΥŵûԥ֡
ʱΣڵϦٶٴμӿ죬ھ뼸ʱһģƹֳʶɨӰ˸ٴγ֣˲ưס
һ׾޹ֳһǳɡ
ಡ
ŭƬһΪһֱ˰ӡǣʣ·ʿȥ
һʣۣͫ･ڴΪңԶȻˣû뵽ǧ֮;ǼϢټϻٶȡ
ͬʱʿҲǷ׿ȥɫ䣬ֻһŭŴڵĻ޼ɵ
ʯ䣬Ȼ룬˵һģʩչ巨֮£δƴȫͬʱҲ͹˷칭
䡣
쳹أʿɫ׷ʣһʿڴ˱£˵һ㣬ӳ˿ֲֽ١
һƲ£ײڰӡϣմ۵Ĺâ˸鿪⻪
Ӱӿ£ɨĴȥ
Ǻˣʣһʿļµգ۹һͬˣһʦܣ˲䣬ڼɵͬʱŨŨŭĪԴʦ֣Źġ
ͷҲأŲֵͣһ
¡
ڴ֮£âƾն˲ʿ룬ʿҲδѪˮ
ԪӤ磬赲ľ档
һĻɫ΢䣬ٴοĿ⣬Ȼ֪ǿǵ͹ˣԪӤʿּ
һ֤ʵ衪˰ʮλʮλڣҲݡ
ѹָ˵ԶҪСȻˡļһ󣬽ݻָȻȻЦʬٵˡ
˻һ䣬˫ֳɫݣƺ¶һĻ
ҡͷŮΪִҪǿӲ䡣
һЩС£ˡ
ߵߺһģһƿҩ˹ȥ߰ɣȥǱߣҪұ𣿡
ӹҩҲʳһƲСѣһס
ֻ˵˵Ŀим֮ɫ¶
ҡͷֲһ㣬귽ȥеܾûˣҪɱˡ
ս٣貢̤У޿ɱܣɱ䡣
軰ŹһЦӦĮϢԼԼĴ֣ĻȻΡ
ٿӱݣŹͷս٣˽Ψʼնš
ϵɽиоռԪʯԽصӣƺδŹ
ʱԶգŲͣſһһŮɫ粻սݼ£ٴӪɻء
ȥˣˡ
ӣ룬Ӧ˵ŶһˣֻӺƺĳ

УӰ¡
ɽɫϲĿЩ˵֮εˣȥ꼸⣬ˣԭ뿪ƾʵȫԽԪʯ̡
貢û
ټദ˺أκ£һݣΪУΪѣ룬ʵǴ
裬ҾͲµɽˬЦ
Цŵͷɿ֣׵ˣɫĮ
Ŀ⿴ú׵۽һ飬ɫ粻ܹĴνӴÿһζ⡣
һΣʮ֮£УܶˣڶΣǱˣɱˣȴΪԼţӶˡ
Σȫһ浹ûл֮
ĴΡ
׵Щûһţοȥ⣬ɽҲǸݽɫһ׵⣬Ҫ֪ڷڣǿɾ͵ԪӤˡ
ѣɡȻЩ׵˱ɴݣź룬һɷ֮ɫ
ɫ糣Ŀ⾼
裬ҴսҷڣҪȫԸˣҵĶԹҲи˽⡣׵죬ͬʱһĴء
һС
屬Ļ˲Ϣ䣬һ棬ڼԶܼ׵Ķӡ
裬Ҫ£´α㡣
ȻӰЩǱڵġ
һĻɽЩţð죬ȷˣ
ɽ⣬˵ͷǣĹʵ˵á
ΪʲôܣҪ˵һϵĻƲƲ졣
ʿķסɽ
ҲЩ⣬˾ǹŹֵЦЦƬҲˣ׵˽ǷڣǺ޼ɵ
˼迴ǰ߰ɣȥǱߡ
ɽ˵˵ͷɽ£ȥ
ʱĪһֱǰȿ׵˼ȻĶӣһͬʱＫΪĲмЭǰǺ׵˵ıȳĺʲôһΣ׷ɱһΣڼˣкˡ
ȫǼһΣһΡ
費ԪӤԲѣһףô𣿡ĪЦذ꣬ܣӢţʤ
ԽսͬĲ٣ĪţڣѰڣɸһսʵÿʿˡ
ӡУӵʵģɸܳӣаħͷȡ
裿һ˰ССʿѡ
ʱȻ䣬ǰ껥һۣ˽һЦ˴˶óЩ£ȫϡ
ΣԱģжҪ
裬þδˡĪԴ˼˵ɣսֱƮݣ΢촽ţ۴Ӻοȥɫ˸߸֮С
ڵһӣϴնĪӵи߰ʸ
Ŀ⿴ȥһ䣬꣬һ֮ԵǸ˪ˡ
꣬һսѺ裬ɸһս
ĪٴδȣΪƺ˵輸ǧʿ֤š
Ͼ˪һ仰߳ŭá
Īԣ㲻Ķ֡
һ仰һѼ⵶ֱ飬رǻ֮ڣǸоˣԣĿ֮£ܣõİ취
Īƻֺüͷ΢壬ɲɵӣսͻϣһսƺսĳ֮
ҡҡͷûȤ
ĪԵһЦŭȻĻش
Ӯˣұ֤еĽڵӣǳ֣⣬ʮ챦㣬˽˵ûֳɳԣǷƷʮƿأ˿ɵС
Ī԰ȻĻ˻ɫˮһָ裬Ԣԡ
սҲҪս
Ŀǰˮϣк棬أ
򵥡ߵͷ¼ɣȻɵӵǰĪԻصʱɴӽУУȥ⣬˪
Ŀģˡ


265 һս
ʱܱߣȻջ࣬ʵǿ߲֣ΨʣʵߣԶԺ䡣
ĪԵҰаʿĿϷ
ߵͷ£ĳЩʿԣɱأرʢʿĪս˭ЦɫЩֻ
һͯĿԶһСĳһϸϸ̽Цǻ衣
裿Ŀ΢Ϊ˵ˣֹȻϤЦЦ˵˭أԭʮ
ʮ
ʿһ䣬Ҳˡ
ȻϽ񣬵ڷ֮綫⣬˾ȣϾڶ⣬аأ꼻һֵ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ԱĪԵ衪׷
ҽĪս˵ʶǺǣЩĿԴɡ½ɸ裬ϾĪԵʵ˵
ǵмʿһΪ

裬ΣɫأǰĪԽսΪĪʵڷ۷塣
˵ͷû˵һ㣬ڿն
꼸˻һۣҲ˵źȥȻЩģӡУ輫ΪأƺӲް֮£ûȰ⣬һػ
·ӰƮ䣬ĪԵȻһЦŵ裬Ӯˣʮ챦ˣҲҪֻߵͷ¼ɡ
ԪӤԲĪԲ֪ΪţҽսǾĿ֮£ݺݴ
ر뵽˪ǰ۲͵裬ߵͷһҲֵˣʲôĪУ˪
һŭΪա
ĪԻüͷ΢壬Щӷ
ĪĿ¶֮ɫ裬ǵ˪ʶ꣬ΨΪɽ𺣡
ɫ䣬ͷԽԽŨüӡ¡
䣬ᣬһӣͼȥЩͼΪռѺã˿̱ӳʱ貵ĹâĪȥ
ĪԻ뿪ڣâɫһ䣬û뵽裬˵ʹ򣬴ʱˮһӣâӥڸַʱպһԻ⻪
ķδֲ꣬ϻӳɽСɽͷͻҪǮ㣬ٴȥ
ĪɫԽԽѿˣָоԼһ£ЩȻҲۣǻûŵ洦ӵĵزϾջɣҲɻȡʯ
ܼӡ
һŹͷĪѹ˼ˮƾջַʱʮƾնһֻı۶ţ
ʮࡪţ
ţһŭףķķѣͻ쫷紵߰㡣
ԶǧʿĤ𣬸Ͻ֮ջ˴ɫء
ĪĿ¶âʣ΢ư磬zҲ״ţ޽ǣһ㣬ˮз꣬£ףԻ硣
˵񣬵С
ĪٴλӶɫˮâ貣ջ
ʮࡪϷ
һ䣬޾񷴫һźֳ
˺ͨ׽ӣͷ֣ܱĻȻĮ֮ɳˢˢ죬糴Ӱ㡣
Ϸ̫ɽػΪʳػĪ޷Զ棬Ϊ䡣
ʱźһдӿһ׻³ʱĮɳ޻ԲУ׻ϯ衣
һĻǧ֮ʿԻȻɫΪ𺳣Ҳ¶ȤӣĪԵʶʮ챦ϷӦĪԵļˡ
ʮ࣬ĪԲȫ򿪡
ʮ࣬治˵΢΢ͷϷһʿֵܵ޼
農ɫ糣ƲŪ顣䣬һһʮŭĻȻ䣬ػۣâ˸
񡣡
ٴһţһɫŭ貢δֹֻͣӰӶϣ˾ٺʶһʯԴԴĲ
պ÷칭ƾһָ
һĶ輫ΪϤδֹͣԶʼ
ʼգûĪԴ
ʱʿͣĿŶϷ죬ͻһյĻֱǰ
ңڰͣ£󲻶ں˲Ϣ䣬һһɴİɫ֮ƣŭ
ףצͨ԰ףͻһŭ֮£·Įɽ㱬
˺¡һĻ꼸΢䣬ǧۣٴ
һҲǵһμ
ǧ֮⣬ʿͫԶڴ˴ɸеŨŨ֮УȻǱ߱ŰȻڷ񷶳ˡ
衪칭ӣţɫ΢иоȵĻԣҲҪȫֿ
棬ĪԽºһҧʱײһ𣬶ʱǰ俪
Į֮£֮аףк죬һۿȥۻҡ
ĪٿǰϷһʡ
ʮ챦Īܿǿ࣬Ȼȴһ
ĪоȵԱ
δ
ռ䲨Ƶһâ˸׶Ӱţϡ
ţͻ㣬âƺ޷Ӧתͬʱţϵ
ܣʲôĪиδӦ²⣬ţ֣ٵϷһսʤ䡣
Ȼ輫Ϊ죬ΪԪӤԲӵз칭⵹ҲգǵâҲǷ
ʮ챦ʮϣϱķѰƣһСʿĪԺЩ٣һжϡ
ʱĪɫһ䣬ֻħأǰããǻУâ˸һ⵶ƿ꣬˲Īǰ
㲻񡣡
ͳĪͫһͬʱΣ֮𣬵ˡ
ȻվĪɫͫףɫۼףͷһɢâ󣬹Ǽβ΢΢ҡҷһɰȺ֮ƣ
ħӰҹ档
Īתצ磬ĪԲ΢΢ҡҡͷĻ³
܆¡
̿ƻʵһϢҹ֮ǿᣬٶĪԿ룬ӦֱжߺХҷ磬̡
ץĪԲӸ߿ǰ㣬ֱҴء
䡣
һ죬ΪңĮϻɳʮ֮ߡ
Ƭ̺һʮ״ֳ˿ף׽Աɨ
Ӿ糣ʮϢϢƮ

һļž
УѻȸκεĹսһ̣ͣǧʿĿǿԶǵ̵ħӰ
ɽڵһӣ˽ܳһһսˣԽħţ֮һ
Īԡ
һսܡ
ܵĳףʼգʱ䲻һ㡣
û֪ԭֻĮվħӰӵŲڵʵ衣
һСʿһս
һսذٴα
ɫĮһУйâ΢һɫˮƮϸϸһС
Ľˣʮ챦಻Ҫ͵ģ´βҪô¡


266 ǰϦ
칭̫ħҹ棬ľ棬ӣĪԵʵӵʮ챦ֻҪδӼޣȫ
ϾڵʵûзڣӵоԵš
һ꼸ȥɨԶʿɫûκα仯Ȼʿǰ¶ҹڵӵǿɱﵣκһ֣Ǳµյƣȫһս
ԣûҪҹ
ľ칭ѽһҹͣһ̬лᣬ֮УһҪסͬʱתΪ˱塣
ʱǧ֮⣬ذʿʿǿ߶Ӱ֣ѱΪɽ񣬹ڵ˫ʿ֮һ
ɽɹ˿ʥŮӦɣ˪ԼȥĽĪԣȻа½ɣħðٱħͯѪڹӰʷ񣬷꣬ɽȵȡ
ЩΪһ֮ӱռ
˵Ϊ˵ԪӤԲʵ֮꣬ϡɫأսһˣʵ⡣
ٻ뵽ǰԼ걻ܣԭˣ˻ļ룬꼸ʵ
Ҳѹܾ
ԣٱħͯ峺ĴĿǰ˼Ƭ̣ǱߣʵǼǰɡ
ԣüͷ΢壬вʣ󣬵Źҫʮʱ䣬ɣҪʱˣǼ룬ɹʴ
ٱħͯЦЦĶͷ䣬һ۵Сâ˸Ƭʧ١

裬꼸˻һۣЩ٣ѾܸˣǰһĻȣʵǵˡ
ĪҲԶ׼
ɽиУ⻹ļޣָоˣûţϾһԪӤԲӵвʵӦǼˡ
Ӵ裬Զ²伫ޡ
Ƭ̺ǰЦЦϥ䡣
裬ϲʮ챦꿴˽˫쳹أʮͬʱ룬ʿܿΨ޾硣
˵ͷֵԭΪʮ챦ǰý֮ʱʶɨŭʶĸо
ʬû뵽ôǿ̻ľˡ裬Σ˵еĻ
ǰﲻϣϣڣκʤҲķڷˡ
ɫ糣δڴ˶˵˼Ƭ̣ѯʵ֮꣬ӵʲôмʿȥ֮ΣһĽ֮֮Ȼ˵ĵط
Ŀ˸¶ڴ֮⣺񾳽磬Ԫÿһαչض꣬ǧ꣬Կ£ʵָһ˲䣬ҪͻƷ񡣡
֮ӵԪʯ󡣡
Ͼ񾳽һ㣬̫龳磬ҪתԪʯҪ֣صʿƿﵽˣȴû㹻Ԫʯڰʧܵԭ򡣡
˼ͷһ磬̫֮˾ͨɣգ˲ǧû뵽ͻƵĹؼΪת
ٵ⣬ҥ޾ĸ磬ӵħĴԴ֮Դ˵ôʦȡʣ籾Դɺͷ
̫龳ʿ֮ԭ򣬵Ȼ޾ľĪ⣬лӵϹͨޣݡ
農ţҲΪʲô˺ľǧ裬ҲҪ֮ˣɣУҪãȻҪ
ҪõԪʯȻҪðΣա
۳벻ɣ޹ؽҪŬƴġ
˳ĬƬ̣ٴεڻĸʱãǽˡ
˵ʿ˽޾ľУԼǰѷܾκʿԵȽʿｫһսս
Ҳ£ǧʿ߳ڴ䡣
˫ֳͫ룬ȻⳡսУܷҴ棬δ֪֮
ɽѱĿ񣬻ָˣ֪һսĪ⡣
Ͼ˵ʿʵǿ󣬼㵥ƾӿ˵ʿѿη壬ӵ̫龳磬䡣
֪ƣٶ˵Ŀ׼ŽĶս
Уڴ䣬ûѡһŵڰǰӦĳŵ
һ죬һϣ޻ڡ

ʱܱߣΪľţǲʿӵӣƺȻСС֣ԶԽΪ׵Ĵʿ롣
аذǧʿҲϥ䣬
״ǰʿ־Ź֮λϥ䣬ƵƵһεַܱߡ
ɾֹһۿȥ嫵ڲƺ쫷磬ƺˮʵ޻޹⻪
ûãʿŲ쫷磬ŶϷȥ
⼸˵뿪ͬʱҲôʿ˫ۣɨ۶Ϸٴαϣ֮У˴иӦ
˾ԭأͻȻ˽˫ۣͬʱ׿ȥ
Ϊһ̬޳Ʈݵĳڶü䣬ְȻ֮С
ڶʿɫ䣬òϢͻһɰ㡣
ڵһףΪһ֮ͯʱɢöͯаЦݡ
½ɣٱħͯӰʷ񡣡ɫأ΢衣
Ŀ΢⼸ڽ֮ʱȻˣ۵λʵмʿ졣
ʶ޵ɨȥǺͯʿɸӦΪмǱһֱŰϢ赲
˺ǿºͯʿʵĪԣмӵзʵ
ƽڣѰʿ޶ãޣҲһսʸ
ϾޣӵеƣκһǶ⡣
ˡ
輸ǰͣ£΢΢һЦϥ䣬ˣ̬ͬ¡
輸ɲ˵ͷ
Ŀ˸һɨ;ͣŵ꣬裬ɽʱ˽һڴ䡣
˻һɽüͷ΢壬ɨ裬ɫޱ仯һǽüͷҲ滺
ʵûŴսҡٵʵҺҵпʱҰȻ
ԣ꼸˻һۣѯʵ֪Ϊţ
һЦһָԶȻŹҫ󣬴оŹ֮ƣ֮ɣԳһ磬㹻ػʱǾɣʱԡ
ĿһӻҪǺػСʱɺȥǡ
˵ͷ
꼸Ŀ˸һ֣ȷٺ󣬵Ӧ
ȷʵû˵һսܹȻػʱ֮ǣⲻʱ䣬ͬʱҴʡ
аռܱߵԭ
ӦУһҲ
ǴЭģڳн˳ʿŹҫǬ޹𹬡й㹬빬ҹÿһҪǿʿػ
Ǽ˵ʵУ⣬룬йɽ빬裬ʣĹǬħͯҲػĹɫص
ʿ޷һŹҫ󣬱Ȼ񹥻ʱѹᣬ˵󷨳ɣȥǣһսʿɲ١վ
ƬĮᱻѪȾ졣
輸Ҳվ𣬴Э󣬱˴Ŀһ£ػŹҫ
ʱ仺֮ԶһƬʿһۿȥƻֺꡣ
֮ŰޣҲǱ֣Ϊ׵ļʿеʲŮɫһ⣬ԴųȻ֮ơ
رǰɫۣüĿĿ磬߼䣬֮£һѾ޽΢΢ҡҷΪ׵ӡ
λԺգΪ̫ӱ£ʱ࣬죬Ϊһĵۻ
̤ǣ顣
󱻵һΪŵӣΪϣİһˡ
磬ʦȥɽڸô࣬ĪԶѹˡ
ڽԣһʮŮɫӨɫѩ쵰һССѣƼΪɰ
ŮнܿΪС֮á
ԣһЦĿ¶֮⣬ͷܿˣĪֵʵһ٣Ӧ¥ǡ
ܿСལмҲǣǻǿ㣬ʦˣܿɾʲôҲòˣѾ˵ˣɱһˣ񵤣ܿǻԪӤںþˡ
ŮаȻɱҳ㷹
Եʿδ¶ɫǶԣһȻϤˡ
ڽǼʿŮ㣬һŮɫװ裬֬ɢžǧ֮Įͻһɽ
ܳӡ˪
ԱŮͬˣ磬촽֮£һ˻б¶߼䣬С΢ȡ
Ķ˵Ůӣɹ˿ʥŮŴ˹Ի˫֮أŮܷܷعɰۣȻŮ֮ɴڡ
Ϊˣɻ˫޵ĵӣ֮䣬ʤ
һӣ̬ӷףһ˫̶Сۣɨӣţ˵Σִڣ
Ա濴ƺΪС֮ȻǧӲСʵϾΪӦܳӡ
ˣܳӢš
߿ЩηηģҪ֪ɴˣóӢ£
ܿ
ǣǣھϹѡƵƵͷǱһĻʱǵ˿ʥŮЦ
ȻδϸС˫ۼ䣬ĺâ˸Ȼ⡣
Ƭ̼䣬Ⱥ빬¥ȥ
κʿֻ֮Ҫû˻ߣɱ⡣ȵ
ʿֱΪԼɢޣ֮һɷµ
ɫԻԵܿȥ㲻Ұף֪𣿡
֪ˣ֡ܿһЦУֿԼˡ

һߣпֻʣĸСʱǧʿԴ߳ʿֻҪػʱʣʱ䣬԰Ȼȥ
ϥ䣬ӵϰʿ⣬һĸ֣һ޵鱮˸š
鱮ɣػҲˡ
ʱһļ䡣
裬ʵǿտ鷳ˡ
˫Ŀһ̧׿һ򣬵Цݣ˵ͷ
ûãԣʬ˵ʵ㡣
ԣŹһЦллˡٴα˫ۣʶȻ̽ʮ챦
ˣʱˣ죬˵ʲôջסԣҲϥ䡣
Źҫ󣬷־ŹػҲ˵ʿҪҲǱ־·
㣬Ҳ𣬵һˣ֮ʿκˡ
ãĮ֮ϣɳһ㾲ţǱǰһ̡
ͻȻ¡¡֮ƸǶһʣǧʿͽȻһ
ĿȥǲǺƣʿ
ˡ
˫һӣʮ챦һ𡭡


267 սսս
ѹ߻һƬ
ɱ졣
ǧʿվɫΪأܷɹǽʱ
һʧܣء
һɹ֮
֮ʿֻ࣬Ҫ˼ɱԼޣ㹻ˣǶ˵֮Ӱȫ
ս٣һսһս
վһӣһڰ˸ߡ
ع󡣡
ڴ֮£ʣ˸ػ߽վĿԶееս죬еģ
ͬʱ¡¡֮Զһ䣬ʿǧ֮ͣ;ԶһʿҲǼ롣
һࡣ
һʰǧ֮ǰɢŰȺ۵İʱһɻذʿվƣԼβƺϤ
Ŀһʵִڣ֮󷨽ֹӦϤкβף
ִϸС˫ۣɨӡ
ڼǰϣһַһ䣬ɫ΢䣬Źҫ󣬴ǧԪʯΪʮ֮ɣ̫龳£
ɫһ䣬૵ǧԪʯôֱʡִʵ𣿡
ִϸ˻ᣬ΢΢ҡͷƬ̵ԼѽųɣҪ󣬱־·鱮
·Ŀ¶âһ֣ʿɱʮ˵һԪʯ˰ʮڣɱһ˵İٿԪʯϲⶥ
˪ִڣ˿ʥŮӹ⣬κ˴ˣָ򣬹Ź󡣡ԸȥƬ̺ʿɱǧ˵һΪţŸӿȥ
֣Ҳȥɱһ·
ʿƻֺһĻܿҲȾϽ
Сҡͷ
Ҳܡܿᣬһ㣬ӰӣԶԶƮߡ
ܿ
ĿһƬһ̾ҲǷֳΪǿǰȥϾУŹΪǿ߲˽ֻ߳Ҫܿȥǣ޴󰭡
˼󣬽ĿԶŲ粽ȥƮݣɽӡ
ǿһ
־޽һӣһɫ֮߳ƣֱ˶ȥ
ʱǰսȻʼذʿΪֻҪŹҲزˣֻսսս
ޡΪ֮ס
ĿԶԵȻҲǱ޴βȰչһŹͼֳ
໡
ȣŭ֫΢΢һ㣬ɫâֱ彣ȥ
෽򣬰ҲչѪս
һغ첻ͣĮɳʯʿͨХɽ飬쫷磬ױϯ˴Įÿһ䡣
֮鷿һͦɢս⣬鼫һ˦ǰʱ

䣬ɻһǣ֣󷽷ȥ
˼鱮ȻҪػȴһҪƴ鱮֮ǰ㹻ˣȻӦ꣬Ҫȫ
裬´Ҷػôߣüһʵ
貢δɫأûã鱮֮ǰͣ£̧׿ȥǰһƬңػʿǰȥ
ɱŭԶԶĵط
һһģһԪʯֳּ䣬һֻëֳ֮󣬵Ԫʯ֮ϲϿ̻꣬ȥ̻˷ŵԪʯͷƬʧ١
ͬʱһε廯ǧ˿ƣͻ㣬ͷȥ
ϥ˫ּ䲻ϴӡͬʱʧԪʯģЩԽԽŨںϳһɫΰ
ЩΪǰɢԹҪ֮һʿԪӤԲջǣԹΪԹԽԳĻꡣ
ҲǴ
ʱվԱߣĴϻۣһҲˡ
ǹͷػһҪǰƴػ鱮ǰɡ
Ļ̣ʶɨȥЩ̼Ϊأʶ룬ʯ󺣣ʲôҲӦˡ
иУӦʲôϽػԱߡ
һվһΪޣû˵ע⣬ذʿΪҪʲôУԸɱˡ
Ȼ͵ҲûȨƣҲû

׵ˣ˵ĿΪһƬңǰȫһΪá
ڷսУһСԱߣ׵˽ŲȰ˽ЩƵᡣ
СܣȫһұʿУӦӭͷϣĲȣ㰡Իǲ㡣׵ǰݣҡͷ̾ĿĹˣСĵĴ
ִƲƲ죬ÿɷĿ⿴֮·ɫɻ
׵ˣƺδǿʿ϶ЩССϺ׹ƣ˿ǽ˳֮λִĿ¶â˳֮λܸܣֻ
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ɨ˼ۣЩԪӤʿս׵ӿ϶ˡ
СܣǷССϺǴͨߣһ費֮ģ߰ɡ׵쵱һӣȥ
ִڲмƲ죬Ӳϵӻװߣ²
ִֹڽŲȰ׷Ҳβȥ
Ƭ̣һǰһƹʿ鱮ȥ;ʿԱնɱȻҲǲΪӪΪߣܡ
ԽɣɫԿܣԶԶȥܽһ޴鱮鱮죬Ϸ˸һŨŨ
鱮
һۣٶٴμӿ졣
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Ǿ鱮ףһŻɫ壬һ߱¶ŮӣʱŮɫأһս֮ơ
ִ׵˻һۣڴˣִĿŮϣŮӼΪˣƤΪСɫͻͻ̵̣ڻУо϶泩
ȻҪŮӵʵôԪӤԲѡ
ں׵࣬شạ֪̊́ΪΣʶȻ͸ȥ
۲˰죬Ҳʲô֮׵ִڻһۣ˴˵˵ͷ
ʲô׵˵
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׵ҲЩĶ֪ΪΣܸоЩԾ
ɽ֪һػڴˣˣÿ·ȥɡ׵Գǵ
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ԽǽִԽģˣǰŮǴõ壬ˣǿоԳŮӡ
ʼգη壬ܷܷ鼫һʹ̡ȻＫΪǿʿڴˣﻹЩµġ
׵ˣŮ˿飬˵ˣȥ䡣ִڲٹ˼ʲôǰȥмֳ
׵ĿƬҲ¶ЦˣǽһŮ֮Ҳм֣Сܣɡ
˵˴˼Էʡ
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ʱ׵һֱǰڴֳʱͻȻеһǰǻɫĻȻ䷭
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̵ģϵܵıӻ졣ִڰһԤС
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ֻǰâһͻһѰµ㣬ִڵ֣ұһ飬ȷӦֻܿһֻϵֱۣ档

ʹִҳɣ˲þʹָϽһģȥȻôóѡ
âһɨҲǶ䡣
貢ֹͣǰƺΪʦͷŷɱҲ鷳ࡣ
ԶԴʦð취ڶԷδͷŷʱն䡣
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ɫħצƿն˲Ϣں׵˲ϣһ
׵˻ûüҲȥˣȻԺ׵˵ĽֻǷ֮һ
֮ǰ׵ôҲ벻ף޶˶ɷǡ
ҪһΣΪһΣ׵Σÿμ棬ɥ֮ɶôаˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊɲģ׵ֱ
迴ʬ壬һ˦ӿָоǺ׵˷֮һϾȥ֮ǰûԪӤƮǰӲͬԪӤӳ
ȻԪӤҲ֮֡
裬Էˡ
΢£СϾʼգ鷢չΪĿ죬ٵ׵ȥһҲûС
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Ȼˣҹľ棬ɲ䡣
ȥɣھѾȻˣʱ仹һʱ
ػʿȻˣ鱮󷽣ûþʿ룬ȥⷽ


268 ɣ
Źҫѽɡ
ǰֱͨʣǿˮ㲻Ӷֱǧ֮󣬲ſʼΪ״ʱɡ
ҫ󣬹˼壬ããǿգҲΨԾǧŰپʮſԪʯ󣬷дЧ
ʱֳΪ޾ǿգǿû֪ͨδһ룬ʧ޾գΪǿգпҲ
ϣ迴ŵİǿգоȣٿǰֻѤķǿգͻʯ󺣰㣬ʧ١
ȻԪʯΪ󷨵ûʧ
ʱǰâ˸ַǰ㣬ش壬ѪĽŭ첻
ԵӪԿʿ֮࣬ذɢޣȻһ١
ذʿͱ߶࣬ټϹʿڣֻܽڽڰˡɫЩأ˸֮ɫ֪ɽôˣԵʿӦøǿ󡣡
Ŀ˸Ƭ̣ȥɡ䣬֣ǰȥ
ʱѲˣûҪں󷽣еʿӦҲβ׶Ρ
ٹһʱ󷨴ɣҲȥ֮ʱ
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ذʿȻ˴˲磬ΪͬĿ꣬ƴȫ
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ذʿƻֺ꣬ΪΪһ꣬Ŀ¶â߹ЦĿǰԣŹ֮УҲΨߵۿ鱮
Ҳû뵽ֻҪ鱮ϣĪмΪ⣬ر뵽ʿ׵ˣȻʧ٣ӿˡ
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䣬ҹħӰŲӰֱȥ
üͷ΢壬ӣȻں󷽣һҧ鼫ޣذʿȥ
󷽣ɫˣ׷ǣһ޴󣬵ͷʱԳͷ;УԴԴϡ
һһû⵨ų˶٣ǰǣţȻˡ
ͻȻĿһģУǰһɫӰӳ˽

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˼Ƭ̣굱ʦܣʦܣӰ𣿽ɱˣĪҪ
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ѪĽԪӤճ壬ʱŶӡ

ٴǰȥ
ڽҲʮˣһɨۣٿǣһȥ˴֪ħӰٶ̫ˣԣԵ˵ս֮£Σա
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飬ɱĿһָǰ
Գ˻ͨ˫ͫʱǰԽԳֳԥ޵Ҳ˫ֳͫ¡
̫һҹ棬ڰǰ쳹أɱ¾ΪЩֲϰԣʿʱǣнɵޣȴɼ䴫С
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ģԳŰϢԽήɨˣʱֵͳ˫ͫתת󣬵Źǰȥ
žԳķԳ;ɽ˳ץģҲʮˣû뵽ҪͷƨҲһȻˡ
ȥ裬˷ôͷ¶׷ͬʱһģһ貵ľ⾵֣˾һʱɢɫĹâν䱣ں
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ٶȲЦ⹬׿Ϊ޾ǿգһһЩ鷳խĵط԰ˣֻսʺٶóҹ档
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Զһʿɫ䣬ֵǸǰҿǱߣһʱţ˹ȥ
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ΪӣŪԼˡ
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Ůɹ˿ʥŮ
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ԥƬ̵˵ͷӹϣҲ֪ԼʵﲻʲôҲٽ飬޷˵ǰȥƬ̣ػСĵ㡣
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˴һ棬ĴռĻȻ֮ͻ޾һ
ЦһӰ״ʱһգʱһϽ֮ŭӲ״ƽ
䡣
ǿײʱһεѹŭһӿȥ׷ΧڣʿƷڵء
ɽɫ䣬֪ǿûȻǿزȫһԷ赭дӿ
㲻ҵĶ֡
ƮɫĿȴ¶м

һߣǴѪ䣬ĿأǰĮŮӣҧ
Ů˪ഫѵñ֮УκεķǰԻ
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ȻһʵǿŮӣ꼫ΪͷʹˣԱ߻һҵŮŮɰʵ
ȻΪԪӤڣȴӵмǿķһΪ飬ÿҡһ¶ɢâϾβ
˪㣬ټӰѾһﶳɱ񡣡ָܿ꽿ȵСϷ鲻˦š
˪ü΢壬жŮвãɫɱ䣬һӣء
һ䣬ɫ֮ӶƬ̣ˮӿ֮ɳǻףǱɱҲƺס
Ŀһҧ˫Ƽ䣬â˸Ƭ̺â˴תһɫ쫷УϷŴ󣬽ģɫ쫷нС
ͬʱڴɫ쫷ʱʱ֮쫷·ʼһЩ建ӣ¼ת쫷磬Ҳס
ûãһ޴ıֳӨ貣ϸһΪһɫ쫷С
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˪㣬ܿɫ΢Ȳʵֻ峺ĴУ˸˪ʣˮ֮壬ˮϵӵнϸ裬⣬ӵһˮ塣
ӵʣ츳ѵˮϵ򣬸һ
ʿӵ֮ʿˣȴ˴ܣȻ˪Ľǰ;
˪Ĳԩ
˪㣬ͽңʦ彫ƳɿܣߺߣĻʵҲˣţǷȣǶܿͲҪˡܿЦදȴΪ
ԣ˪ü΢壬˵̤;˫մȾѪȣֽƷ뷨ûҲúܶġ
ʱ˵˪ᣬ⽣ܿͬλԺգͬ㣬ǽá
ӵָ߹ݣ˪佻


270 ˣ
΢΢˵ͷ˪⣬ֻǶסķֻҪһƣɰȻƳʱɲ̣Լɡ
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˵ż䣬Сһģһֳ
ʦ˵ҧԪӤһ̣ʹģϲˡ
󣬽ܿСһǰŸΪɡ
аŮ˪һҲᣬȥʱһӰٳ֮ʿԱײɡ
ǵӰӾͻǰ㣬һɫ̣֮β͡
Ƭ̼䣬ħӰѩ磬ӿ£Ӱ䣬ʱȵĴرֳѺۣмĽ
顣
Ƶ˪뽣ܿ΢΢һϸϸȥʱԱߣһϼ׵ޡ
޽ΣצΪâ˸һ׳β΢΢ҡҷţɢ̣ͻŻһ
˪üһ壬ĶΣ֮УܿһףΪĿ壬ķ㶼ϢС죬Ŀֳȡ
ʲô
Ȼȣ£Сɳ󣬻ûʲôŹ
ʻʲôܿٴνȵ
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ֻҪŮٶŲ֮ģ㹻ˡ
軺һǰŮǰ΢ͣŮɻ֮䣬ҽȥ
һͬʱŮɢâαҲߵʮԶ
Զ㡣
ͻȻľٶǰ˪ɫüΪʣʶܿûĸˣСħ
ܿʮף棬Ƭ̺ڳվ𣬶ͷ¶峺ĴҲͨˣȻΪԲδˣ˾Լ
Ҫ֪ɣ³ҲҴԼʿҲԼ¶ɱ⣬˲ŷģԱƣǵһԡ
㡭ҶҶ֪֡˭𣿡ܿΪߣָָ΢΢ϼʲô֪Ҳ֪
ҹ㡣
ɨһۣĿ˪ϣɫЩӣһűֳ
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ڤɽɻ𣬲ӵлԪЧ¶ҲΪĸߣȻһڻ飬ǻգԵֿ
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ˡܿ˸âһĺ󣬰ȸˣҪԪӤˡ
С󣬱˶мӣ˿⣬ڵĽܷܿŭ
˪㣬һ˭ץסɳϣ˳֮λȻѽиٸǽܿҲǰһܣԷԸ˪
ϧ˪Ӹ߰ƽʱǸӽܿѣɵԴʱԣɨ۽ܿᡣ
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ԣҪɡ
Ⱦ;ȣ˪֪ΪΣʼɣӶԼ˵仰ΪԼʿããԣο޺
ͷͻȻ𣬶ż롣
һ˪ٵذǱʿ˲ɳұҪɱ
Źɨһۣ㲻Ҷ֡
ԣ˪ɫϱ仯ĬС
Աߣܿ˽̸ɫԽԽãտ˪Ĭȵ˪㣬ĪҪԻˣ֮ܳһһô֣ĬĬֻ
ŮЦһͣٿ۱񣬴ʱȻںˡ
˪ɨ۽ܿĬĬֻл衣󣬿裬ҧ˳
Ӱٺˣֱ׺󣬷ͣע·
ܿӣƳ߳·ƴһˣȫʤս֣ħս˹䣬ڸš֡
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ֱԣԼ֣˪ŲɣⲢǳ־һֱ
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ͬ㣬Ƭأһɫ쫷ֳƬһתͣɫ԰׵˳ȿĿ⵱һ䡣
裬ллˡимǣȻµԼΪȡ
赭һЦ֮ǻǶԲ˵лˡ
˵ͷǽ֮ˣʱȲжԶ˵档
¾󷨴ɲԶʿˣѽȥˣھͲɽ迴ʣʿѾˣǧʿ˴룬ʣĽҳУҲһ١
ҲǿԶûߣɽߣ֪ˣذʿѾɨսˣûг󷨵ʿѸǼӱ
˻һۣ뿼ѰɽʱԶܿ
ˣһˡܿĿ⼫Ϊﱾˣûһģߺߣȥ
磿üͷ΢塣
ʱߴ¡¡̹֮֮£һâնâ֮һ޴޿УһĴݺҧš
һ·Ѫ䣬󺺵֫䣬Ȼ顣
Զ˪ɫ΢䣬ˣ裬ٳСУ˵أǽǿĿãͬƥеģ޼

Ӧ˪üͷ΢壬һ
УҼɵģˣȻǼɵ


271 £
Ų쫷磬ɫǰնɱɽȴյȵĴŭɽҽ
˭ȸҴܿע⣬㵨Ӻܴ󡣡ɱ죬£ǵһҲ˲ɽŽܿȥ
ĻȻ䣬ĿһǰããУһŮ㵸ģһۣ΢΢ŻܿС飬ûܹˣ¿Ӧްˡ
ǽܿˣԼĸʽŭ֮ŭ
ǷȥҲھŹҫʿĿ˸ʣˣҪأĺ󷽣ɽ׶༪١еĿģǱߡ
ҪǳɡԱ߰ٱħͯ
ҡҡͷʵСˣǳȥ˸࣬ˣʱ˵ˣ֪
ԣٱħͯ˵ʣʿĿǰȻΪǼ˱ɡ
棬ҧСڣѪ촽䣬󷨾ɲԶԿɽɳ
磬һûµģ裬Ӧҵġ

֪СǰɣҸǽߺߣǲˣſйâܿ
Сÿἰ֣ΪߵĶĿ¶ͣΪ͵ģ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ڣܿڴˣɫ䣬ʧߡ
ȻʧˣĿ˸Եӣɫޱ仯Σ
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Ŀһϣȭ
аգѽɽң裬ӵɽǧ̨ףһϣڵӵָ볰Цֱգ˫ϥƣѪܣǣΪ󵽣Ϊˣɱ䣬ϧﵤɽɣĵҩұȡ
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ҧȣ裬ɽͬˣұȻȥǳŵҲҲ֮顣
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ЦĿϷ֮⣺ĵֵ֮飬ߣ֮ʣ˶ǹԼȻ룬ɣҵǷ䣿
ֵܣͨͨϻûʵ棬ʲôҲǣ裬ͨˣǹִ㽫ߵøԶ
裬ȥҧԼɽĿģɱɽԼɣôɽأ
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ѵ¸緢ŭѵ֪Լ
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䡣
ˣղ֧ĻȻצסܿͬʱץһӣ䴢ɨ䣬βһԼС
ûзŮʲôҲǡ
һʿƻʵϢ֮ڣ˷ӦʱȻŮĲ߻ߡ



272 
ֻѺǹɾȸŨȸ֡ѵ֪֮
뷨ǵʿˣҲһصһɣǣƽʱҲҹơ
ڽɫΪʣһֱ·ˣ²⣬ȫԸҲƵ˽ܿķ
ĬĬŵ裬ȻƳҪ֪ûзڣƲˡ
⣬ΪǶɽ˭֪ȸ֡
ѵŭ
ڱǧ֮⣬˪ƮУʤѩƮɣ˫һ˿Ȼֻһ˿⣬ӡУܳ䲻⣬ҵʶˣԽǽҪͷԽ侲
˲£ң£ɡ
ټǰǾ仰Уܼɵˡ
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ղͷ֮һ
ʱҹ豾Įƣӱ䣬Ȼȵ
һȴ˵ȥ
һݿ֮УȻŨŨĸм˵վ
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ʱܿţһƬհףֻһͷǼһȻץԼ
ţʱԣͷ¶ȵ󵨣һëҪţء
㵽ڣɲţĬĬֻʿȸҶԽ֣ܿȸ֮
ٷһһȫʬ˫֣Ȼȭٴδȣ
Ϊ쳹أԶʿһĪ־壬ǵһμŭ
ֻһʱǵû𾪾壬ŭŨͬȵٸҷϻ
һ̣ı߰˷
˵ʱĽͻӸµǴ֮裬ͻɷħ˴ԣƻֺꡣ
ɱ죬֪·Сӣ״Ĵܳģһμ棬ԼԼĶӣΪ衣
ڶΣĿ֮£ҪЮԼãԼϣǳ衣
սģؽҪһӣɫһ޴ڲĥϣѪģѪ䣬ɽͬʯĥһΪ˫š
Ȼǹɾʹɽ߿Ѫɫ࣬ҧһԲ
ٴδȣҪЮ֮⼫ΪŨţǾͽɽ塢ԪӤĥ顣
ⱯһĻɫһ䣬Ҳ
転ĿԲɣŭɽ˵ջ֣ܿٵǰȭȥ
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һȭýܿѪסʹҲ
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顣
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趯ɴ䣬˵ԶʿҲǴгԾɽҪЮ
ס֡ɫ䣬Ϊȫʼȵס֡
迴ʣŭĿüɫţѽ㲻Ǿ㲻ҪЮôˣɽ󡣡
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ȭͷڽܿϣʹڽٿ۽ܿĿ⣬Ŀǹίǹڴ
ҹ򡣡
һҧĿͨ죬˫ϥ΢ǰӿ䡣
顣
Į𵴣ɳ
нһ㣬˺ȥƬ̺ڳ֮󣬽ķ򣬲裬ꡣ
꣬㣬ڻˡ
ʮ֮赭
ԣһһַĵĸо𣬽ҧȭ
ǧǰҹǧǰҡ
˼ˣлл
ĻȻ̧ףǰĽ
ϣһĿڴĮϣɫأаٸн
裬ѹ򣬷ˡɫΪƽĿֻͬ󺣰ŭӿһĻһҲǡ
ɽǧҷˡͬʱ۾Źҫ󣬼ŵ䣬㲻һ˸ߣȻʱ䲻࣬ڵ档
󷨴ɣɽɳ
̶ʱ䣬꼸˲򽫻Уǧʿ׷ɱ׷ɱҪʱֱпɡ
ǣƾɽµ״̬ûܡ


273 ѪĮ
ҷϻ
ٴδȣ˱ҪţǼˣЩɵߣǰѴʱںɽռԪʯ֪ܿľƣȻ
Ϊ˵ʦ壬ΪĪ⡣
¹ƣ½ߣԱþգƣܳ裬ưʱ֪ͨߡ
ɫ粻ܿݣԲͣڽ֮ʱѾ֣ؽ˶ίȻԼʡ
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꣬ˡ赱
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ʱѲࡣ迴Ҳδһۣͳ
˵ͷ裬һߡ
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˵ϻһ·ǰУҪͷ
Ŀ˸ԥһٶ˵󷨼ٷȥǿ뵨ʶԤ룬Ȼ֪뷨иУȻԭ
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ģԽԽذʿۼĿ˸ǵħӰʣƾǰΪɡ
ڣͿδá

رɫ޾֮ߣɫ꼸˵ȥΪʣڣеķŭϡ
ڽҪΪܲˡ
Ƭ֮䣬ǧ֮ʿΧһԲȦͣ£Ŀɨ裬㡪Ѿ·ˡ
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ڵŭˣ¹ӣϷˣͨͨҪˣֻɱ
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ȻƣмʿһǧɱһˣûԹ
ˣҧĿͨѪ裬Ǳһ˿ϣʼգ輫ΪأصĳԤ룬һͦġ
ԶԶǧ⣬˪΢ǧΧɱƻֺһĻԶԶȥҲľսһ˿ֿͷ
ǣǹ¼ŵӰЩϤǰħսһĻͬˡ
죬ʷݣô¼ţô
ʱǧ֮һǱСˣĿ˸ɷǣǧҲһסȺɵĥԶ٣ˣһΪãҺ׵ˣΪԪӤˡ

Į֮ʣĻȻһ磬ԶһƮأƮĮ
ͬʱŵĴĮǿɱձ
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ˡ
ʣֳЦħսɱһĻ𡭡
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277 ֮
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ɫһ䣬˲ǰ裬˲ȥиоǰǽĹΪ鼯ѹ濴ƽȡ
׻򣬱ˡ
߸ո˲ưףǰâ䣬ȷ棬ϻһ˽Բ֮󣬺˵ƣŴĮԶǧɳʯǵء
Ȼһۿȥǽ¶ȣη塣
䡣
һƽٰ㣬Χ󣬾ͻһɫӣʣ޴ڣһҴ档
ɫԽԽ˲ƣֲıơ
ʱɫ԰ףһ˿ϵͷָɫʱһģƹ𣬽΢ٴ˲ס
֮׿ۺ󷽣Ŀ¶Ȼ
ױĿȫףȡػϵѹΪڲƣǾ˵ģͻʱıһԽѹԽ
һۺ費ͣгȥһֳס
ʱɼ۰ʿ׷ײԼͬÿ·
꼸ˣ˵衣
ɲǼ䣬ǰָ˾ţƽĿ죬ȥҲ죬Բǧ֮ڣ֮ɳһҲǱ
վнǶȿȥֻǰһǧӣʮףĿġ
ˣȥŭȻϣߡһгȥֻɫΪӡ
һֱΪΪһʿĵλԼ뽣һ֮ңָоˣһĬĬֻʿ޾ʿ䣬ѣһˡ
裬һʿ⡣
ӰʧڣħͯˣиӵĿۺ󷽣̤С
ʱУ粻ǵȷӦнϵһ䣬˵ϥ䡣
Ϣɱ꣬ˣΪʱ䣬ԽԽء
ΪӦû񣬵ĳطȽʵڡ
˵˭½𣿻Ϲֶ᣿½߶˾ȣ֪ͨУľǧ裬ҲҪնɱͷԽԽء
ָоɳʱգ˽Ҫĵˣƽͷ
Ƭ̣ѹ˼Ԫ뽣֮壬ɫҲԪѱܾ֮Ȼָȫʢʱڣѱȵ졣
ãڣһʿ˳ɨǺƽһĻɫأһΪӵģڣ¥ȥ
ڵǣûгʱǹơ
˿ʥŮ˪зȥ;У˿ʥŮص˪ãǸͬ𣿡
˪ͷ
Ʋ⣬Ӧòİ;Ǳʵѳͬ䣬ֻ̤ΪĪϹУǺǣɹһʥӣҾˡ
˪΢ͣŹɨһۣٴǰС
˿ʥŮȻһЦ˪ãɹ˫ΪʥŮ֮λҪ˫ޣΪͬܳߣǹ棬˫ޣģ̫顣
˿ʥŮ˸ֻӵʵʥŮ֮λι̣ҲɳԽϴʥŮ
˿ͷΪѣ˪
Ŷ𣿡˿ʥŮЦٻ⣬ŵѵҵɫҵĵλҪ֪أ˫ߣ֮䣬˫޲һ˵棬ܾ
촽΢˿ʥŮɢţ֬Ƶս˫ˮ߰ҷʼͦز̷ͦβ
ǣʯȹⲢΪ
˪ͣ˫һ˿ǳȻƬʧڣȻؼ䣬Ķࡣ
ļǵã鼮֮£ʱ˾ɱܣȲһƿҩ
ģ¥֮ԽԽ٣תٶջھ봫ͽʱȻࡣ
ҵΪ֮һǲȥ֮ԪʯıѹһգģҸò
׵ɫأԥҲЩǰڣȻʲô⣬һЩ󱲼ĸǹмӣǰ溰ͣ
ԪӤЩСƨҲһԼЦߡ
У˷ᣬ붫ɽǲˡ֮ȻΣգʿ࣬ϵ鱦ܵõġƬ̣׵Ŀ¶ϡ
ΣŻãΪָҿܸһ¥
󣬺׵зȥĿ⺮â˸裬ң´μ棬Ѫϴ֮ʱ
裬ˡ

ɽһ㾲š
һ껺Уƽ£ҲӦһ˿侭֮أɽ䷢ͳƬٴš
ƺɽޣ꼫Ϊɵ
ٶȿƻͿɽڹʱüͷ΢壬֣֮ľ֮Ȼѹһա
Ƭ̺ɫ΢䣬ٶٴμӿ죬Ϣһɫǰʱǰһֻ޴ŭͣ˻ͷǣȻ֮á

ŲͣһϣһǿϢ
һ󣬵ȥ
ɫأ֮ң빬ٴδ壬˴ͽ֮ǰĿ⿴ǽ֮ɫ粻
֮ԴȻˡˡ
Ƭ̣̾תʱȣһʯǰʯϼ֣һЦһӡ
ʯϵţƹһμֶּ֣֡
ƹΡ
Ŀһۺ˫磬ȥ;Ѿˣ죬𣿡

֮Ҳ֪˶ã׹һǹĸоʧۿȥɫ΢
ȷ档
һۿȥɳһƽ̹ɳ𣬼ΪƽĴһˢˢ֮һƬɳĮ֮¥Ӻ嫣ޱߡ
¶ȣ¯һ㣬ʿҲеʡ
ӦȥмΪΪϡطѰʿʵ½
֮
ͻȻ䣬豾ǲ԰׵ɫϱ仯˫ּ䣬һֱľʹͻǧ˺ҧ㣬ʹ
칭̫ǿˡҧȻţʹĸ򣬵ʹǱѰֱꡣ
˫ֿʼð̣Ƥֳѣȼ

ȼգʹԣ赹ڵϣ֫ϲƤֳѣһʹ˵һ˹ȥ
ɷգ˫ۣٵȫһƤ䣬µļٵ䣬ѭͻ㡣
ʹͬʱҲ̥ǵı仯
ʱǰһɽϣһâ˸ֳһӰɫݣһϮֱۣţһ˷ɡ
ĿȻ˸ͣЩ¡
ع˼䡣
Ĺһ׵ĿĹˣ֮Ȼʿ࣬޷ģһˣͽڴˡ
Ƭ̣׵˾ٲǰУûãոɽĿһӲԼһ¡
ⲻɷǣ
Ǳˣ׵˼Ϊﰵùͬʱĥȥ
ۿзһĻʵֿĿǰˡ
ɽˮ֮µӲʺҲˣϧ׵˴кУӦڴ˻ָ
ˣһսϺѣǱͲˡ
˼󣬺׵Ƶת˼üͷɷɱ¾ӱΪУ˵Ӧ侮ʯΪǿ
ѵһսˣԹ˲Ͼ׵Ŀһվԭԥãҵһʯ飬˹ȥ
ſ
ʯԣûþͱ׷ˡ
׵пһ˰Σ޷ӦڴˣηηǰּɷǺ޷ӦҲ
ʱ˵ٴضҲ׵Щܣǰǰͣ¡
ɷǣÿμ棬ŪıΪˮ㣬µû뵽Ҳн죬ߺߣͱˡЦһ󣬺׵һģһѷɽ衣
ԥˡ
ɷǴӲް֮£Ŀֱͦͦĵɱڹҳ֣Ȼ𣬺ܿܶᣬԪ
ɲϵ׵˽ҲΪԼ˼Ϊңԭվһ־ЩԾ
棬Ǽ٣װƭң
ͷһǧѷĻᣬˣɱٵģԼ
ԥУ׵˼ȥ̾һɷΪΪأ
һӣɫķɽֱȥһɽײڻϣȼƬ̻ˮ
̵ģ˷ѱһѽ׵۽һ飬ʱռĻȻ˸һââٶȼ죬Ⱥ׵˷ӦȻڵ֮
һթҾ֪ϵˡ׵ͷ𣬵ҹˡ֪
󺰣ɲǵâ˸˳ɳ׵˵
׵˿ˣâ׳棬飬֪ԪӤʿ
뵽ˣ׵˶ͷ亹ֱðƬ̺󣬷Ÿоɳ˯УĻ潥Ϩˡ
ɷǹȻˣ׵һ£׳棬ٰ꣬ҾͲˣԵټ
˵ż䣬תâ׵һϽ󺰣Цһʣôأ
һâٴηڿǳâĺ׵һ˰Եû뵽ҲԵɱֲɱֲߣɶ
ʱĮĻȻǰɳһֻ޴ͷֳͨںɫͷһ㴥ǣں׵ϣ¡¡
ޡҡ׵һȾܣʱâٴγڵ֮׵ᣬ»޳ܣҲ̫Եˡ
ֻ֮ʣ׵Ŀһâͷ˵屳𣬶Ķӡ
һΣľûˡ
׵ʹ֮ҷУֻɳ񱼣ٿǺɫ׷ᣬٶȼ죬գۼ˾롣
ģɶôùÿɷǣû¡׵ɫǱӲٵֻǿ߾ԽԽֱͨͨ
ްʵָҲȥս˵СԪӤ
һ·ʱͻȻ𣬺׵˻׿ȥʱâ治ײߣͬһ׶Ӱ㣬ÿһײƬ䣬Ȼ߶ԣţһëˡ
ΪˣǺں־߸ӱŰˡ
̣ö˶˵ģɶ׵۽ǿ飬ϸϸȥͬΪںעɢ˴˾ֱˡ
ʱӣʱ׵ٶٴμӿ죬ھһɳʱԥǧսһӣͬʱ󺰵棬ԵնߣҾͲ·ˡ
ٶٴμӿ죬ҿâ沢׵˶ʱЦˣʼ˾
С̴ĺã˵ԼΪնʵնɷǣֻҪں߽ĿɷϣԼҲӳˡ
䡣
ںֻ֮ɳʯ¡¡֮ס
ɳ֮ϣ׵˶գûе⣬ٴںɿ׷ͫҲͨˣȻԽԽŭˡ
Ҫ׵˿ˣǺںֻ׷â棬âԼǻ߽Լâ棬һ·ˡ
ĳ档׵˰һٶȼӿ졣
ֻûãڿǧ֮âͻȻʧ٣úںֻ߱ŭʢʱ׷׵ˡ
ҡƻĳ档
һ£׵˼Ѫ֪Ϊǰ裬ǳ治ˣԭѴ⣬Լնˡ
׷׷׷ĸװⱿûԾͲ㡭׵˱ĻһģӺȥȻǽ𼸵𻨣úںֻ߸ӷŭˡ

һߣ˯㣬ƽɳ֮ϣƬ̣â˸һֻ׳ϣͯʧ⡣
Įָ˾ţȷХɳ졣
ܣСĵ㣬⸽񡭡
ʱԶͯ


278 ħ䣨һ
磬㿴ˣںģƺˣ
ܣ˵˻ҿزɡ
ǣ˻ȥ֪ǵġ
ģ˱ǻڣ϶ǻѻˣսʿηǰηأ֪϶ǵģɡ
ðɣҪˣ磬ǿ㡭

һΣΪԴ뿪꣬һ緲˰˯Ҳ˯˵㡣
ͻȻ䣬һֻȻѹռأ֮ϡ
һģˡ
ʶ䣬ǰһӣǺںĶץסָȥʱĶͣɫֳŹ֮ɫ
ֻںĶǴ֣һӤӤƤڣֻС»ӶǴ֣ӤĽ
Ӥ۾Ϊ峺ѽѽֻཱུСУСһʱͯһ
һ£Ŀɿڴ˫ͫصɱ⣬ʧ٣ӤһʱЩ޲ߡ
ʱѽѽִһɨȥ۽΢飬ⴲϵӤ֮࣬ÿһ꣬֫΢ڴȥģΪá
ŹһĻ;Ҳһμ
Ƭ̺ӤƤڣڲȴϤ֮У⣬Ӥͷϡɼһǡ
ٿĴһשǴεȣڴһͯ
ʲôط
轫Ӥ£Ƭ̵ȿԼɫһԼƤڣͻӦں󣬷ŷԪӤСˣ˫΢գڳ˯״̬
һӦ¡
ԪӤѣиоҪʱ䣬̣ϵ칭ãᵼԪӤǿѡ
ǿѵĻʣԪӤȻ
ڴϣĿ˸ԪӤȻ˯ʶɴڣֻܸӦһ׷ΧԽޣʶҲᵼԪӤѡ
ԴˣΣ迼Ȼѡ
ԪӤϣͬϡɼһ׻ɫ׷ԪӤھʹҲڴ绺ԪӤʱ罫ﵽ۷塣
ʶҲɳΪʶˡ
ʶСռ䣬ʱ֮ϣҹϻָѳΡ
һߣľ֮ϣľ治תƺӦʱõС
赭һЦʶһ֪ľ˵һץҲ˲ᣬҪľϵϻָ
Ƭ̺˳Сռ䣬ڴϣɫ¡
һսνȫƾȻһսջ񲢲ͣҲ̣ˣȻߺһ֣ɡ
ڻָУΨзóջʮ챦뽣ܿʱűƿ
ˣ
̬֮࣬ߣƤڣ壬˫ƤΪ£һӦʮмĴ
ڴ󣬻꣬ʮ굽ʮ֮䣬һ棬һ⣬Ƥ̬׳˶Ƥڡ
ɫ΢䣬ϸϸȥ⼸ڲΨһͷһɫ֮ǣǲţǰ㣬Բ۶̡
Ȼɻǣ⼸ϣģĸӦһϤ
󲡳ĺܣ׺ǿĴｫһ
нƬ̣ӹʶȥںĶ
ٿǰ촽Ŀ¶ƺΪ۲Ķ
磬׺ɺóˣЩȳ˰ɡһݵĿĺܡ
磿
üͷ
ǰǶǺڴĺӣĽݣӦڵԣ༸˽Ȼͷǿ¶οЦݡ
貢ɨܣϵӤǰ֮꣬࣬ԼĪΪ֮һ
Ҳڴĺӡ
²һɫʱһ壬䣬⼸үү㹻ˣϴˡ
ԣһۣʱһЦƺһĻΪϤ㡣
һͽϴԺˣƤҲǺɫԾħˣҪôҪ֪һ㣬϶ˡ
԰ǵƤһںģԲǻѻˡ
ڴ˵ˣĺӣǵֳ
༸꣬һԣһ䣬Ȼ϶Ϊڴĺӣǵֵܡ
Ŀ˸˼Ƭ̣ٿڣĪΨһ²ǣһׯƺ֮
ĬڴΪĬϣΪĵ׺󣬰ϴϴѣҴڶȥպڹˡ
Źֵ֣˵ͷ
ڴЦЦͽϴ꣬˳ȥ
ʣļʱΧϡﻩＫΪ죬ûһİ
貢ǣżѯʼ䣬ģŲЩˡ
ħ䣬֮ʷ֮ҲǳΪĮɳ
ӵмǧݴĮϡеˮԴڴΪһңеĺӣǺڴսмá
ڴһʮ꣬ŷսʿ꣬Ǻڴڼȵġ
ڶʮ꣬ĬԣĸĸѻսУ˫˫ȥźڴ
ҲԼ
ģ塭ֱʮЩ֣Ϊ죬ƺ䡣
˽Щ껰УĸоǶǿĴＫΪĽ
Ͼʧȥ˫ףһˣȱˮԴ޷ĵ磬û˻㣬ãԹ͵ã֮ڣڻѻ֮֡
ڴｫ¶УˣԸԼٳԣҲԼӶӣǣͬʱ仺ɳ
رֻİ
ú󣬼ҲæµʳȵȣãҲûͣ£ʰţιӤʳȡ
Įжػ꽫ħ䣬Ҫһ飬⣬ԪӤҪһʱ䣬ʱڣ貢Ĵߡ
ȻҪģЩԼħľйϤ֮УƺѪƺǡ
˼ףֳͯĵܵܣǿĺӡ
Ȼ貢֪ǱʶУĴ֣ʶ֮С
һȥҲͥȻＫΪֵܽü䣬ΪŽᣬеĳһԣûĳһ𰤶
ӿƽȣּȴӵгûеĻ֡
ַΧһθӦСѹδйֵܽãڼҲδӦʲôա


279 ħ䣨
ûãԼȥֻķΧЩϧ
ģҲÿ죬Щܼ֮£źڴڶɱޣѰʳϣǶһһ
Ȼ财УӵвٵͼҩûпóϾҩ̥ǣȴгһĻ
뿪һ̣ῼǣػɣҲˡ
ƽƽһкβãп֣Žȹ̥ǣ̤;Ʒ⣬ʵʧȥࡣ
ӵг˵ʵ۽ߣҲὥˣѰ
Ц̣ӵ䣬㹻ˡ
ȻҲˣħľ볣˲ͬƺܴ洢Ȼܲ޵ķҲδ֪
ЩѪͳΪŹ֣Ϊǿ츳ѡ
˽׸ߣǧǶԣʵǺڴ󣬼ٽԣ֮͡
ħ۹ȻΪƤѬͬΪɫѽɱˡ
ħ䣬ͬڡ
УΧһϰڷźںʳԼһЩ档
ЩЩ㿴ͷҲûڴػﱧӤƤ£ڸͯι̡
Цŵ˵ͷʲôնɱ¾ڵֻǺƽļһԱ
ҳԱˣЩ׺ɡڴ󳤵ļΪ࣬ʱʣ׺ƽʱԵĲ࣬ȴ˿СǹҲԼ
ƽʱҪԶЩŶˣϾĵܵܡ
迴źڴҲ˼ڵѾˣҳȣܲջ񡣡
ţһȥڴڶͬʱһԣ˵ûջġ
ڴĿżˣСЩ
ڴ󣬺ڶҪЩɱţǺǣĸѾճˣҸǿΪԱһŮЦĺںģһڰΪĿɰ
ŮͷЦŵͷ
ͥΪĴӣÿһӵܶûݹϵȴʤݣȻûкڴҲ
ѽھˡȥҿƤ
ھƤˡ
һ緹ڴ˻ֵ½ˡ
ڴˣŸֲ棬Թ׼ųʳʱű˿׳˶Ĵ˽Ϊ׵һʮ֮䣬ʱɨЦŴкڴ
ڴħ䣬ּߣѰòмӡ
ⲻǰ𣿡ڴＫΪĿúóϳ۶һ󣬵˹ȥ
ħ䣬ˮΪһ㶼ȣԹׯáħ弫ΪͿʣƽʱˮҲǴׯʳгȡ
ڴﰡѻսʼˣ֪ͨǣڲƺϣÿÿҪˡǴҧ˿Ϻ󣬽
ڴɫпܣڴɫеǣǵ˵ͷ
ûã⼸뿪ˣݳĬ迴ڴɫϱ仯ţȻﵣǡ
սʼˣսʿҫںҡڴʵ
ںڶҲȭ￺ޱȡ
ħ䣬սʿɱУ壬ѳ˲ķÿͯѪҺǼΪĺսʮ󣬶սػ԰
Ȼÿ˺ܶ࣬ȴһȴħһ񻰣ֻҪΪӵսʿҫ侫񽫸ħˣࡣ
սʿΪ٣һȥһ
ڴ￴źڴڶܣοȻִŵǣΪĸ׵ģΪϣŮɲţּŮ·䡣
Ƭ̺󣬺ڴһδսڶﵽˣ㣬㲻ȥ
һڶɫʱήȴΥ
ǼҪˣڶȥѵȥ𣿡ڴɻ
ȥڴϵ
һ£˶û˵ĬУȻħŮӱ뺷ÿһδսвŮӲμӣǺڴμսﶼֵֹģȻڵġ
ϢһɣȥƺڴЩ
꣬һһ뿪
źڴ;вϽ̸ѯʣӶ֪ħѻսмʷˣĿģΪˮԴ
辪ȵǣսڴֻǵһβμӡ
Ƭ̣ڴҲȥ׼ˣһ⣬Ŀ˸ħ䣿սʿɱֹɱ
йŹֵĸо
ȻִսѴа꣬貢ıʲô˵֮УħУΪһͣϾĲѪҺԼĵط벿䲻ͬ
ԣҲǸҰ
Ҳǻһ顣


280 սʿҫ
ħ䣬һȿڣıȫʯһͬһ㣬ɽܴ˷ݣħ̳˵ǹħĵط
ȵ֮㣬ħΨһˮԴˮԴŸׯڣΪħ䴢ʳĵط
ʱ仺źڴＸˣŲƺȥûãڴƺ䡣
ʱƺ֮ϣǧħ棬漫Ϊľţ迴һƤڵľһѪĿܡ
Ҫ磬ͺ׼ɳɱеʿǰ㣬ӵս⣬԰顣
ͻȻһħΪ죬Ӹǡ
迴ԣڴڴ󣬺ڶСѾͷҲǸŴ󺰣ֹŹ£Ƭ̣ûи硣
Ŀ⿴ģĴ󺺹򵹵棬˫ֳ죬ϵţǵĺ󷽣°㣬һӰŹŹֵߣġ
ǴߵˣƤ御סʱǰһЩŹֵһ֣ǰʱһֳ
Ϊģ߽ףϡɼ˫ͷǣұǴ̣򿴲塣
սսսս
һǧħӸǡ

ĿһƬ̺ϣüͷţȻ̫Զʶɨȥ˸Ϥ֮С
оħͬͻǰˣʶ֮Уħǿᣬ壬ˣʩչϵ
ϡ֮أϵӦϵ츳ǳ²⡣
ʱһ֣ĩһ
ħսʿĽһսʤ飬ħ˻ᱣǵġ
ŮӰöǰľһӰʱվЩӰ̬࣬ڣƬ̾ۼǰ
ħĽսʿ
֮գҲǲͬûɣûйңֻһʷƾãĲ
ħ䣬ֻҪսʿ˾սҲһҡ
ˢ
ڴվɫܣţڶҲվ˻һۣǰսʿӪС
ϣڴɫһ䣬վӸֹ̾һĿ˸ͣջο
ӳˣػ԰ΪΣӦԺǣս϶Ǻܵġ
迴źڴƬ̣Ҳȥ
ԣڴɫһüͷȻУ޳ȥϾսǻѻսʿĶ֡
֪ΪΣƬ̣ĿУһûеĹִ
һ󣬺ڴ߲֣ͷ£ͰЦ㳤ˣΪˣȥɣսʿں㣬ħ˻ᱣġ
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ʮԼĹ¶ĳΪսʿգһսɳҲʹ
һսﲻʲôҪúûţźڴڶؼңڼøҶ㡣գڴ΢Ц
˵ͷվӺ󣬸ȥһ󣬰ħףںڴﲼƵĶͷ¡
һڴڶġŵ
ԣڴĿУỨ˸Цŵ˵ͷ
ˣתȥŲΪĿ죬ͣںڴϣһϤӰӣܻܸд
ͣҲˡ
˵죬ããؼ䣬ʶˣ࣬ûС
һ·ǰУո߳˼䣬ھһ֮ʱٶȲʶɨȥƬ̣üͷһ塣
ϣϵΪŨòϢԸҪ֪֮ϡ
ӵŨҪΪҪӵ
ûãվսʿС
ʱ˱֮£峺˫ͫ޵ĿսʿȺУΪθϤ֮Уĺ񣬿ϧûⲻܣѾˡ
˳˼֮ʱԣһĿ˸ѵӷ򣬿ˡ
ϴŹŹִ࣬˫ԲΪüŨŨơ
ֻδ˵ĳ˼üͷ΢壬˳Ŀ⿴ȥʱսʿȺУӰϣʱߡ
УΪħʹ߸ϣעģΨħˣսʿкʸӣ
ԼҲ硣
СһһսʱѪڣȼѪ󣬺ߺߣʱŵӣսʿɲôõģδ̵СһгЦ
̰ɡ
ʱĮȻ
ǣ깧񣬶תսʿǣһ¡
սսս
սʿǣ׷׼棬ʯ
䡣
ħʯŴ˿Ƭ̼䣬Ĵ£ǧսʿڵ˳ȥûãʧɽǰ
ʯٴιϣһڴĿ⡣
ħѻ佻սмʷΪ˲䷱٣Ϊ棬Ϊ˱˴˵˴˵ˮԴֱһΪֹ
սĵص㣬ͨʹǰ֪ͨΪ˱ܿǿޡ

޾ɳ棬Ҳ΢΢ðڶţʱһɳ֮ϣ糾
ա
һֹŹֵޣֻһֻţ׶ߣÿһΣ׶ԶٶȼΪĿ졣
ߣڴڶҲǼţɫȻһβμսﶼܿܡ
ͣסڵǡڴȻμսҲ⣬ǱʶУΪ棬ÿȥʱƹΣգȫ
ԣĺĺڶЩ
ڴսʿսʿһսҪڲ˾ڶ
迴źڴڶЦЦ
μսȥΪ˱ڴڶ⣬ԭ
һ˵ֻгΪսʿܽħ̳̳Ϊħģ룬ܽ⿪ΪħһϤ֮еԭ
ˣ輫ȤֱӦü
Σ֮ؾ񡪡ѻ䣬ҲЩ档
ȻҪԭԪӤڳ˯У֮ǰʺϵߣϾ֮Уǿ;ϣԼµʵʵ㡣
ããɳҪѰĿ꣬ҲǼΪѡ
Ѱɡ
ߵĳŵ
Щġ
ա
ǧ˼ɳĮƺƵûþһɽȣɽ㣬ޱߣӵһ߲ǽһǺ⣬׹Ǳ鲼ãã
ɳ֮ϣսʿ·ɽȣһֱܵɫ
ħ䣬ѻս·֣ص
սʿ䣬üͷ΢壬ĸо
ɽѪ֮ŨŹزٿĴĳǽƺ֮عΪͬ


281 һƬż
յսżƺЩŹ֣սʿƬ̣갢
гǰָӦһ˵ͷɼᶨزɱ䣬ȥɡ
ɽУǧսʿһۣҲǸš
ڴ˦˦м棬棬ʱֹΣСĵ㡣
ӦػڴĿţ¶һڰЦһûµġɽС
̾һܿ϶ɽȼΪ죬뵱֮һģһֹڴ˽룬ȴħսʿѸٹ̡
£ĺˡ
ȰȻûá
Ƭ̣ҲŶ棬ǰΪħѻ䣬ǺͨսڣоսĻ͸¶а֮硣
ΪѡַΪÿһʱҪսӵƾʷĲ䣬֮񣬵кͼ
ֹŹͷ𣬶Ҳֱ˾Լ棬ҼΪ硣
ડ
һ·ɽȺ󣬶ʱֻҪʮ֮;ʶһ̣ƺҲѹˡ
ɫأԣڶԼ
ڶʮ꣬ʼѪڣǽɽȺ󣬶ʱһĻˣҲЩš
ǵ߼һȵģҲǴ
Щɫ˼Լʮ꣬ĵطҲ˼
ң߶ˡ轻ǰȥ
ʣ༸꣬ͣθţлһʮ꣬ʱҲЩӡУսûнǰء
ûãԽߣǰԽԽ죬ȴ˷
һĻɫֳͣԭأ˫ۣϸϸš
ˣڶЩôͣˣǻʧģ
貢Ƭ̺˫ۣظŨ͸ʧˡ
һͣԭصİˣɫʱһ䣬ǶʮܣǰȻأŶԾԲᶪʧġ
Ļһ䣬ȥڶ⣬ʣԲ衣
ЦһǰҲ֪ȴ񲽷һ򣬶˷Ȼɽл¡
Цһ˷ǰûԹ
ɽȵأҲ˵ڶߡһǰС
ʣ༸˻һۣϣһ裬һǰУûʧС
ߣ᲻ѻˣˣƾڶƤڣĿ㣬ɫлš
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Ϊأ·ǻѻˣ϶Ҳ·սһʼս㲻õģҾˡ
к֮ΪػɽżȻǻѻɣ·ˡ
ȻģɻһϹżȻӵܸͻһյش㣬ڵڵҲ
ʹȻá
Ϊˣ벻
ܵ˵֮ɽżϹţԲ²⣬κһʿ룬Ӧþˣ˵ã赣ǲ
Сռ䣬ƺԽżĽޣȥ磬ȻСҹ˲ãΨеľ档
治֮Ϳųǿᡣ
ͻȻ䣬ǰɱڶɫһ䣬Щƺˣȥ𣿡
ＫΪڴҵ飬Ͱȫࡣ
ҡҡͷѲǰаɡĺڶ˳ٴǰС
ڵûʲô˼ĿֻС߳ɽȡ
Ƭ̼䣬ԽԽҲԽԽң䣬ϡӰ˸
ĽŲͣã˳Ӱȥֻ֮һΨеһӡ
һѪ֮ζаĸо
ߡ˵źڶԭ˳ʱĺڶԽԽŨ
е㵣ĺڴ󣬲֪ûϴ飬һΣˡٴǰУڶǵ
һһʼ͸ˣҪѣЦЦοڴûµġ
ԣڶ˵ͷ
һߣУ巽ҲڵֻżŲη壬ͻһǡ
һΣ費˳ߣ֮
ûãǰӴĺӰģֳͻް㣬вһɨȥģĿƺǽ֮ࡣ
ûͣٶȣźڶٴǰС
Ƭ̺һĳǽֳЩǽΪ㣬Ϸ̻ŹŹֵķţһɨȥɫ΢䣬ţ֮һޡ
Ҳµּ
ɷаǣѪΪмǡ
û뵽Ϊ֮Ұײ˼ڴˡ
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һ֮һ鵹䣬̻ˣڶ鱮䣬̻žˡʲô
ȣ
ļǵãں֮̻ĵ鱮䣬˹ݣһӴУ룬ƺȵڡ
Ƭ̣ѹ˼ʱĿһһļһâʧ١
Σǰ뽻̸߳ӰȽ󣬷ŷǰǼ꣬Щɫ԰ףĿ˸ȻܲСľš
ǰ꣬С
ľ棬ǰĿżˡ
ǰ꿴裬ɫʱһ첽ǰʱغСѪ棬һֻֻѪ桭
֮Ƭ̣ʵʲôѪ棿
ɾңɫֳ壬ص£һֻֻѪ棬˾ˣȻֻˡ
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ԣ꿴ˣһŵղǷֿңǸŰľߣĵطʲôҲûУصһֻֻɫĳ棬ľģѪ壬ȻͱҧˣûãȻָˡ
뿪ɣֲ̫ˡ
Ѫ棿Ŀһ뵽ոճǽҲ̻һֻֻɫѪĳ档
Щ룬һִֻӵص
ãЩңʱϢɣȹᣬ뿪·
ţɲҪǣθˡ
༸꿴裬ǰӣӡ


282 ͬһѪ
ǽϸַţļʶǣڲ£Ȼв롣
ɽ֮£ѹһֲаħ
ѻħսʿڴѪսʬҰѪɺӣΪ÷ɽѪаħؼա
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ڵǺ˰ţԲ룬뵽伸ǰʷǸ֮ͨʿš
ȻǷʵ貢ȷ
ãվĿããͷ߰ɣ䣬ѡһ򣬻ǰУʣ༸겻ͣš
һ·ǰУܾޱȣɫȥʶ⣬ľҲڿУɡ
ǰʱľĴ·ȻطĳԤ룬ľУҲֻܿ׵طһӰҲ
ľѲڴֻͽѰҳ·
żɽȣ˵ˣ̤֮˲ࡣ
Ҳ֪˶ã֮ϣֳһɭɭͷЩͷһۿȥȻвˡ
һɨȥٴǰУûãǰһģӰ˸ʱ
ˡڶʱ
˵ͷΣȥ
ǰһֱʱ䣬ʱˣȴһҲûţ˳ȥ
껥һۣ˴ɫֳԥڶǰǵ첽棬Ȼ֮أȻѳĹǡ
Ͼ˵ƾһֱ򶨣İࡣ
ǰľʱûãǰˮζţǰͬ
Ŀһ˼Ƭ̣󲽿롣
ʱһɹŹ֮ͻˮ㣬ŹŹָоʧʱһᣬ̧ۿȥɫ΢䡣
ֻǰɱ죬ʬҰϸۿȥЩʬ弫ΪϤħսʿһߣЩʬƤ쳱Ȼǻѻսʿ
䡣
ؾ𵴣ԶģĿսʿޣ˴˴壬ѪأɳȾ죬Ƭʧ١
󲿶ӡڶҲ߳˴ɫһϲ
貢ϸϸȻָ֮Ҳĸоĵˡ
Ȼطû
ͻȻڶȴ󺰣ǰЩȴָǰ
˼˳ָȥ
ֻʮ֮ߵĴ󺺣ʯڲϻӿһ꣬ƴֿȻκʵ㣬еѪĽ䡣
ǺڴھӣӴ࣬ӡУҺʵһЦ¶ݡ
ȥ
Ѫһ䣬ڵѪ˫ĿҲͨޱȣûԥ׷׳ǰȥ
ħһ壬ŽһģԼΣʱẦ£ԥͬΣգһУرǶԷΪѻ䣬Ǹ޷ˡ
սʿĴУȻٹˡ
żĻȻת䣬΢΢һһ㣬Ҳǳǰȥ;Уһӣâ˸˲Ϣ䣬ѻսʿҲǵ
ʣˣڵħ꣬ҲǲϺˣٴһӣ˵Ѫˮ
һĻüŹֵĿ裬Ƭ̣Ŀڵµİϡ
סֻҪزħ˻κġڶ밢鼫ʱ𰢻ҧ
ȫѪܣޣʱѵ˫ۣȿڶ˺ʱһЦҶˡħܰܡ
ͫЩɢɫΪȻ˵֮ʱѪ
ǹȵѪڶϣʱһ󺰣˵ˡһ
ͻȻ䣬裬Ŀ¶ڴ֮ɫһа취ģֻҪټһ£ûµġ
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ϸϸȥʱܷĶͷ֮һ׹˸׹Ҳڻɢ
ҡҡͷû˵
ڶ
Ѷ־ϼָʣձ˫ۣɾţͻħսʿ֤ԼΪսʿ
һĻúڶĿһ˵༸꣬Ҳаٸн
ڶȭ
֣һŹָоԺȻɱ֮ˣһĻһμ
꼴㵽ɼŴеħΪʲôһΣ᲻ڣ
ᡣ
Ϊ˼԰Ϊħᡣ
ܿ϶
ս׳ʿʮ顣
ȥ֮ʱĸо֣һɼ壬ӦͬһѪں
ͻԼֵˣһսУ׷䡣
оԼѪڷɱļ䡣
Ϊˣ
ȴиоΧǽУһһս
ħѪԼͬģҲΪεһμħϤ֮С
ͬһѪһθӦɫĮԶĮȻڶߡ
ǡ찢úõģǽ졭Ҫȥڶˮ꣬Ŀ˸
սĮģֵܣʹȥнܲˣϾֻʮꡣ
ߡ
ȻȣħѻսмʷսʿɳǵĽҪǡ
Ϊսʿսǵ
ԣڶһҪǡĻȻ̧ͷڶ˵ͷ
ٿǰֻ˫΢գɾ𡭡
°󣬺ڶɫ裬֪ˡ
ɿǰǰɴսУ߰ɡ䣬ǰȥʣ༸˵š
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һ·񱼣űϵһħսʿʬ壬ѪоŨǰᣬڣֿźѪһȥ֮С
ټⳡսĻ󣬽ΪѪ
ɫԽԽ䣬ɱ˶ɫһ̣Ȼع顣
ɱӣŵļˣ˴ֹ֮Уͻŷħһ㡣
ˣˣˡ
ʱǰ쳹أ֮ϣҲ
輸ٶٴμӿ졣

һߣѪʣɱ죬һսʿޣش壬ÿһȥѪĽÿһǹȥ˵䣬ûãվ𡭡
мսû˻ˣû˻ῼΪʲô˴˼ᶨһΪ˼԰Ϊ˲
ս
䡣
ǧɱ֮£Զ̨Ӱ˴ԶԶţ󣬷ֱһģǻѻħ
Ϊ䣬Ĳʿ
ͻȻ䣬ɱ£һӵ
δû뵽֮Ȼˣˣͬһڣħ߽Ϸȥ
һ㣬Ұǲδ·սʿɱ¾ͣ¡
һ߸̨ħ΢
Ƭ̣ǲϵٴδ
ҽΣҲˣϷĿĺܼ򵥣ȥħ⣬ħߣ뿪ɣħѻ䣬Ȼ֣ɽȵķӡ϶Ҫ򿪣㡪ı䲻ʲô
һΣħ˳һڴչȻݺΪĶ
ʦأһΪħӣǲóģ֮Ҳɢȥʦ⣬ʦ֣һ죬ǻɱ㡪
ߣȻ㲻֪ˣǾͱϷ򲻹֮ͬ꣬⣬ħսȥĵӣʦ֡û
ɱϷӣϷҪҡ
ɱ죬һĬãսһ
ĿľΪħߣΪ˷ɽеħӣܿϧҲˡ
վǰһĶУƬһɫۡ
˻ġ
ɫ㣬ͷۣƬ̻һ飬â˸ԶԶȥͻһ㡣
֮ϡƾΪȻ治˵ϧΪɲ


283 ڵĹ
˻ģ˼
̨ϣӰûãһӰƮȻͣ·ɱ˵ͷµۣƮݣɢ֮磬ʱü΢壬Ŀ˸â
˵ĳ֣δ·ɱֹͣû˿һۣȻڴˣճɻңҲϵĳ
ɡ
ǰɻعڣﳤϸ£ΪͻƿҲͻͽ˵޾֮
ĿģռԪʯΪħӣԼ֮׼֮󣬽˵Ϊ˻ѻ
ͬʱսƵʣΪĶࡣ
̶꣬ԪӤ۷壬ͳѷˣϧִ̫ˣΪһˣ˼ģΪĵĸ顣ɵ
ٸһλᣬΪʦˣһм̡
ݣʼպ޵ǣˣ۽ˣȵΪʿ䣬ֻͨĴڡ
ɽܳ˲ţʤӵеԽˣ洦ɼ
ɽɹ˿ʥŮʥȵȣڵ˪Ҳ̥ǡ
Զɵһ
ѾˣȥͬߵøԶ
֣Ҫɡ
ʱ̨һӰѵΪһ꣬ʲʱֱţƮ£һ˷ɡ
ĿЩ˸ͷйɲԾ֮С
ɻ׿ȥȻ̨ˣֻԪӤԲΪɲС˵˷Զ²ԪӤԲΪֻǷ֮һ
ɵͷ׵ˣϷд⡣һӣСɳ󣬶ʱʧ١
졪𡣡
ĻȻ䣬յ֮ϱѹǽսսʿ̧ͣ׿ȥ𾪾壬ڻѻսʿ˿ڸ̨ܱߣд󺰣
ħսʿ׷ͬˣػԼ
ԽԽ䣬һ֣Ľݺͽܣһһһʦ裬ȻãҪǵһ
˵ţ˫ַƵƵʱ΢΢𵴣ŴһӰЩ̬࣬ͻŻƽװ㣬ΪĶࡣ
ȥ
һ죬һӶ
顣
һħǱߣͣһ̤ڵϣҲֳѡ
ʱ̨ϣ׵˵ĸź룬ɫԸĪ⣬΢ͷ˭ͽܣ˭ʦ֣ˣҪ֣ҾͲˣɡ
˵˴ϸĪЦݣΪŨûã׵üͷһ壬ϸϸɻ
ʦ衭˵ʦ֡裿ôôϤ׵вظţ衭衭
˵ԽԽЦͷҲ쮳亹
衭ɷǡɷʦ֣ѵģôԩ겻ɢߵĶ׵ε
ʱٽǵضȥ̨ϣɫĮܷܷһӣ״ĺɫ飬쫷磬Խڽױֱͷȥ
Ϊ˾ٺһӣе
û֮
һ䣬̨ǰһɫӰ۶ЩӰ죬ͻһʯͷ˰㣬Ĵһ磬Žױȥ
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ڻƮ£֮һȦȻףЩͬˮӣͷۡ
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ɫ̩ɽ䣬ɡʱһϻ࣬һĻɱǴݵɫ΢΢һ䣬ĸ򣬹治˵
һӣֳƾһ
١
һ϶ʱɳɳ֮һٳɻغϣֱͷɫ顣
һĻûѻˣĤݣд󺰣ɳĮ֮أֲεض
͡
ٵңǳɳٶȼ죬Ϣ֮ʣʱúɫֳ˹ѡ
ˣľһ̷ӵ쾡¡
ˣɫĮ˫ƵƵǰһں֮ɫļìֳìϳ󣬼Ϣ֮ʻ֮ʱһȻһìļޡ
Ƽס
ವһìתһâֱǰ;Уìǰͬſޱȣתţ֮Ҳ֮
;·֮ʱתĻ꣬˲Ϣɨĩͻ޼᲻ݰ㡣
ɫԽԽأһֱΪ˲ԪӤ۷壬Լڣֻǻ֮ס
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ܱϷð˳ʵԺˡһѹ˼˫һϣƮӷɳתͬɫĹâ˫ּϣָɫ貺ɵͳ
ӡ
һƻӳһ޴ӡƾնʮ֮⻪貣ÿָɫ̣ͬ죬ҡ
֮ɳʯҵĺ죬·սʿʱ˫䣬ɫΪʹࡣ
ಡ
ڻìתܱ֮߿ĻȻһС
һìһƿƻײһʵ˲乤͵һһײΪ񣬵ִһɺ˱
֮ռĻȻգǿϯķһһìڿУ˲Ϣ䣬ֻһĲڻìתֳͣѣһìƬ⻪Ʈ档
ƹâ࣬ǳɲ
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һֳųɶΣֱɶȥ
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һβǽ⣬һԲνƬƬޱȣɹȥ󣬵ڴʣһֻȣӲϣʱѪȾ˴أڴ˵
Ҳܷ֣ҵġʹڴ˫ͫͨѪʣ֣ץϣȻԣǹؽڸǹ̶
ϣѪۼΪۣƮƺӡ֤ţħһĵħһǧ
졪ܵ
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ԶħսʿŭƬһ֮£ͼħսʿ쫷紵ߡ
˾ȣˣʲô֧㣿Щȣٴһڻѻռӷɳһںڴ塣
Ѫҿ嵽жѪ
ǹʧ󣬺ڴ󱳲ʱһֲֲ֦ҶΪѪ֮ɫմ̣ɳٶȼ죬Ϣ֮ʣȻֱ۴ִ󣬴֦ҶٵϷһѤĺ컨
ѪΪѪҺԽʱԽǲá
̨֮ϣ˿·ϲվ޹սʿĿȥסˣǽԼʹ
ʱڴгأһƬհףֻһĲƮ¶Цݣ˵ЦΪѣＫΪ˷ܡ
ˣ֮ߣһ˫Ǵ̵վͷһǣͻһڰ㣬Į¶Цݡ
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ĵİϷҰˡĥʳָ𣬸뵯һɵСΨһնϡ
ʱǰӰǰ⼸ǲȥΪ׵꣬Ϥ֮С
ģģϣƺɱӳ˵Ψһûôڡ
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һͻŭγɵ粨˰Ӷ֮ѻսʿֱ쫷ϮɿƵıɰףڵºһվ
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ͻһѾ޴㣬ֱ֮Զ棬ʯʸ飬ɢɱ⣬ڲ֫ƣĸ
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Ľᣬһ̼ɣΪͨ졣
һִˣûдԣֻгŵμǵãһΪʦΪʱ޿̶ţħսǵ
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ɵɫϱ仯ֲ֮У˾Ȼ˴ɼǵõŵһա
ѪϴƸɣ׷ɱԼĺǡ
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衪ɱСϷ㣬ܺá˫ĿҲͨ죬뵱꣬ΪڵӲϣȵòϺ󣬵ȴ
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ѩ磿𣿶ӣ«˽ţһֻŵţҲľսһֻŵ»𣬱ȴĮɳӻȡ
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׵۽һ飬̫ˣϵһЦ˻ּΪݵԵټһ䣬ҷɣ˵ļΪÿ졣
׵˵òȻ˵һȻʧɵܣ¶ŭȣ׵ˣȸʿ֮
ֻһ䣬ؾ屩Ϯһҷ籩Ÿǿ˴˼һһ˰ײϡ
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ˮ䣬˼ĵӣһڼˣȥʦ⣬ǵڶμʦ֮һ

ΪУǴʱʶڴˣȻޱȡ
ĮɱҲůһ档
̨ϣ˽һܷܷϣҿһžµС
ǵСʦãǹ֮褡
ʵĽϣȥǷǷƤһأһȡ
ʦ֡ϣỨ䣬мԱħսһĻĿΪʦǡ
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أֳɽĸм
ָ˼褽һʱƮȻִ䱧
¶Цݣ褾ͻԼá
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ħսʿһز䣬ڶ㿴źڴĪҪˣȥɫΪĮ仰ᣬȴŲ֮
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Ȼ֪ǺȴһѪȻ迴ǰ˫ֳͫɱ⡣
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285 ħ̳
ãʼɢʱħսʿȻʰϣۼڸ̨û˵俴̨ϡ
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ҡ
ħսʿһۣΪĬĸ衣
һ·ǰУٶȲ죬ĿĹˣֻ˳㣬ӿȥǰĵ·ҲԽ迴޾ԶۣΣȽʱʱʧ١
ƾŹһĻ룬𣬻ڵصס
ʱȥɽԽʯһ߲׹Ǳ鲼ĴΪĵطء
ɨۺ󷽣ٶ

ħսʿ棬һʱɽȱԵ˲δͣٶȣ֮󣬻صħ䡣
ʯŴ򿪣һȣƺħսʿȥ̳
̳ΪħʥĵطѰħսʿֻΧ֮Χ̳֮˵ĹЧΨвʸ롣
ճһǰħֻ̳Ҫսʿܽ룬㻹û㲻սʿûʸ롣
µһ󽫡
ں˼޳ɣҲҿڡ
Ŀ֮ϣüͷ΢壬ڵûŪʲôħʥ֮Ĳ룬ӵħµĶ
ڷɽȺ󣬵ó뷨ǽɡ
ҪңĿ⿴ȥԾġ
ĿûκʶѹǳѪɱ¾֮⡣
ȴðпһΪսʿвϰοԼֱӶԷǱʶУȻھܾԼ
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ǺڲĬԣΪҲΪʵΪλӵɱ
ѹ˼ҧħһûʸ񿹾ܡ
ʱ䲻࣬ҲϻҾǹءһ̤ǰĻȻ
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ȥĴδе淴ӦǱʶУǰӵλߵϢÿǰһǵֿԽԽ
ħսʿλ߲Ǵʿħ֮
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Ĳվ˰ǰٿǰһʶÿʱֹɨˡ
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ĽŲͣɽȥ
ħ֮񣬸
ȥûãڶźڴ󣬴һ磬ʵȥ˻һۣû˵ͬš
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ھ䣬ڴɫϱ仯Ψ֮ֵһս췭ظ仯ڴ˴Σ˸ƵģûǰǴӣ֮С
ôˣƺˣ
ԱߣѾͷڴ
ڴҡҡͷû˵
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ļ߻Ƥ㣬ɫƤ䣬ֳ͸֮ɫ֫ϡɼι
ʱ仺Ҳ֪˶ãһ
ԪӤѡ
յǿƣȥҹɻָ⣬һһع顣


286 ص
ã˫ۣģһ˫峺ˮһµĶ쵰ֻڷ迴ʱС϶ʱα鲼
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褵Ŀ⡣
Цŵ˵ͷʱ褼ʦ֣ôЩͬˣƤҲûôˣΪ
˵˴оȣԪӤ۷壬ͻƷһ֮ңȻΪǺܸߣʦֵȥԼһûºܶࡣ
ҪиУʦ˵ԪӤ۷壬ʵԼ֮ϣо޸ݣŲɡ
ʦ֣ôȥģѹ˼褼Ϊʵ
迴褣оȥһ仯Ҳû峺˫ͫɴƤԼ̸ô𾴡
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ħӣĿһеǰ֮£ʵʦ˼ʦδħսһ̽
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褵ͷδȷʦҲ˵ħսħֻ׷ȥûм˵ȥֻ˵ʦ֡
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ѹ˼轫Ŀ궨ڷɽȿϣͬʱ٣ҪĿģȽħӵõУûǣҲһԱ
ߣ˴Ѿ죬ӣȻնݳ
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ҡҡͷδ֪ѯʵʦãصʲô
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˵˴裬Щǵʦ֣ȥ𣿻ǱȥɣΪ֮أʵ̫Σա
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ԣһеǣҲ֪Ըһ϶Ҳ䣬Ƭ̣ҲȰ⣬ǽһںɫó
ħߣഫΪħ֮ӵиϢЧܴϵʦҪȥħ߶Ȼܴ󡣡褽ߵ˹ȥ
ĿһимóǺɫ߼Ϊأ褶˵˹֪Ҷû䡣
ҲӹħߣɨڵصͬʱʦãѻָߵҰɡ
ҡҡͷʦ֣Ҿ㣬һղ飬ҵһգһ겻飬ҵһ꣬겻飬Ȱ꣬һҪȫ
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褿ǵӰϤ֮Уʦû仯侲ţҪʱ򣬾ͻһȴɽκο赲ֻʦһ㡣
ʦ֣һҪ


صǰ亮ֱ飬ϣΪҲоͬʹ˾ȵǣ˱¶ȣصĴˮ
й٣ϢҲѹҷųֻľڼϡ
طΪ֮أ²⣬ȻӵǿѰǵûЧΪ
Խߣصڱÿı֮ϡɼһצۣԼַ¡ӡǣֻһĻɫԽԽء
ǿķڵصﱬǵصɰȻ
ǰа׺󣬵صڱޱȣΪԭͣƾŸоϡصıߴһֻֻص
⿴ȥܿһ˫˫ɫ۾۾ʧΪ졣
Ƭ̣迼ãٴǰС
μǵãħӵϢЧЧΪǿԼҲԷԭأߡ
ǰУٶȲ죬ͬʱʱĴʶӦߣʱоʶԱԼͻһƽʯͷ㡣
ˢ
ͻȻ䣬ǰһֻںﵲǰ
ĽŲͣм٣ϸϸȥֻϸë֫絶һ˫޴򣬳ףͷȴ˰㣬پȫΨ
ʱϢΨƺڿѰʲô
趯ҲҶѹ¼֮ģԼ򶨣иоһֻʵȻޣǶȶԣ̫ʿʵ
ҪﲻֹһֻһӵϣԼҲӲ
ȵʱ䣬ͬ尾ָоܾûԹˡ
ͻȻצһӣһۿɼâԣವһɹͬʱɽ¡֮
ͻȻıʣѰʿĶˣϾ﷢֣ɣҧֲȻﾪ壬߾
ʱֻһɡ
Ƭ̺ͨ˫ͫһһֹŹ˫һչžҵ쫷ϢʧĴ
ͣԭأܿ϶ħӵЧЩֲﲢܷԼ
Ƭ̺ٴǰУٶƽȣһֻֻĴߡ
̣Ҳ߽֮һ׵ĹЩ׹ƺһ󣬶ʱ׹飬ǻƮ
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ͻȻתһĻܵģǺǿ󺺣ʱͫһţΪֻħȻˡ
ħͼħһģһȻħӡ
ҹ棿裬ʱӵҹѪѵħ̳Įɽݣڿʼ仯˼䣬ҹһ弫ΪϤ
ӵҹ硣ͳףϵưȻͬʱһ㣬һӰֱʡ
УȻΪҹ潾սһսȻҹ֮
ܺãɱ֮Ѫû뵽һͬһˣܺãҵҪҹ浽кν֮Цʼգδйǡ
һ֣ĻȻԶԶȥɸƻˣ֮ͨкڹ˸
һս֮ս費̤ʯϷҰˡɻףͬ衣
۱֣;ΪϷĶ֣㲻񡣡
˳Ƽ죬ûκεķֱϹսʽײڱ˴˾ʱйâһһɫ磬ƣֱˡ
֮ΪɣΪ졣
䡣
һıǿϯķֻڹһʧ٣ֳһ״ӣı֮ѻ߽⣬һƬǽ塣
֮Ľɲǽˣ꼸죬ͻ췣㣬кɫڤһΪŰ򣬲Ϻ䡣
䡣
첻ؾҡɳֱʮ֮ߡ
һڣɫޱȣ׺䣬Ϻɫһ֣ڵ׺ʱɫһ˿â˸ڤ˲䱻ᣬ׵Ҳȼҽ
ڤа֮ס

ɵɫűŰ˫죬һΨ֮ƣŭ
裬ҲϷ򲻺Σ𣿡
Ϸ˵ֻ̤ʯ
пޱȣеǿ磬ǹɱŰҲ壬һһθеʵǿᡣ
ϹѪ
ֻ˷֮ʱûһӣʱɫ˫ͫž޲ûǰ˷ޱȣ۱֣;ϲ磬ʵ۹⣬俴ĸࡣ
Ϲһ֮أ֪ĸࡣ
䡣
һڤ䣬ۼĴɽҹڶָ̬Ǵǿ
ڵڶڤ׺ʱȻٻָˣָֻٶȣԽڤס
ⷽ˱ɳ˫ۣǰ¡һĻʱ²Լˣоޱȡ
ഫ֮ѣȻ𷣣Уɫڤ֮ŭܿȥ
û֪ǸԲѪԼĪŷ
Σ
ڲսʿäĿΣԶǧ׵˿ɾʵĶ࣬ʱɫϱ仯ÿһɫ׺䣬жῩһʣ˵ʮףִָһףҲûſ
ǽ١
Ƭ̣׵°ͺ룬¶ЦݣȻҸ춷ܺãһ
ֻʱͻȻػָɢָȣ·Ҳһݣͻ֮紵㣬һƬǽ壬ӿݵĶ洦ɼ
յĻȻþ
ͻȻһڿյ
죬㵲סϷ𣿡
ӰƮƮݣͻٴУһΣڤʧ١
ӦصľţɫǱŰŭƺӡ֤Լҡ
裬ڤ׶ѣˣҲ˶ѡɿǰɫŰŰ⣬УɽĶӣɲţӵгԼʵ
Ҫ֪Լʸ裬Լ裬Լ;裬ԼӵϹѪкʸȣ
οҲųһССܳԽԼ
ܡ
Ϸʦһ㲻ʸҲãĽݺͽܣҽһһֻءĿ¶âĿɨԶŮ֮ϡ
붯ʱǰƮһɫӰӰͬУĿһɨ
ֻڤ׶ѣкκýģϻࡣ
ƮӰ裬ʱ֮һûڤ£ƺ֤ͬʵţӵ֮еʸ
һվʱǰŰɫ粻Ʈһƺݺݳϰ㣬ǻкκý
ǴŲм
е㱾¡˫ͫϳ鶯Ƭ̾ѹ˼ʼգδȫԲûʲôǡ
Ľݺ֪վĸ߶ȣοһϷǰ⣬ò˵ĽݺͽϷҲۺ졣ɵֻһɫֳƬ̣ЦΪδϷҲѻڤ𡪡ɡ
һ˦֣ɫƮǰףĻȻü֮󣬽ŴһֻֻϢ䣬һֻֻͨںڵѻɳһ󣬻Źĺۼ衣
аһڤȰһ䣬ǧСٶȴ˲ƣǳڤڤа㿴ļɵõѪкϹһǿᾪޱȡ
ڷɳĻѻ֮࣬ĿֻһˣֲԲ룬ǰԼһֻѻĵ͵סӵзڵ
ѹ꣬ΪͻȻһ죬ǰԼˣҪһһر
ಡ
ѻ죬ǵأȵϢֱӿ⡣
Ŀ˸Ƕͷ֮䣬¶һ㣬ҹǿٶȱɫâֱǰ
軹ǵ͹˻ѻٶȣӵ˲ƣǲգĿǰɲ㣬һһֻѻҧ򣬶ʱɫףҼ硣
һԽԽѻ׷裬һڻա
ǰһĻɳЦһв⣬ѻȻڤѴһ˿ڤѰʿɵֿӳ
ꡣ
ԽԽѻҧо徹ȣǹɸоֱ飬Ȼҹָѻ൱ڷڹȻ࣬Ѱʿ·Ҳɡ
ȻҹԣһɱľϵˣͼһȼգҹЧ
û˿ȻڻӣȻֻȼۼףҪһȼյٶȱ볬ָ֮
أһɫŹֵһĻһֱЦݶŹָо
ΪԼϹѪմմϲȴû뵽ڰǰӵҹ۽ӴϹһأ֮ϡ
ʱɫٶĻȻӿ죬˲ϢȻﵽǰ
һɫȭͷɫףĻȻͻһǰ㡣
䡣
ųƣһȭɸ
һпƻȻʵϢ֮ʣɻ֮Уû˿ֿøֻһͷ
š
ϾһУ֪

ɷڣһȭδһȭ
;
ȭ磬һȭ
۱֡
һȭҹȫ֮һϣʱϹͷһ飬ͬһǰ㣬ֱҴأڴϳһ޴ĺۼ󣬷ͣ
;ΣΣΣǧҲȲϡ
ѭ򽥽ΪԱ;ߣ۽֮ߣɿɱȣ
ҹǰӵС
ŲһУħӰҹ׷ɱʮɽ֮սն׷ɱ֮սȵȣһɿɱģ
ǰҲ磬кʸ


293 ڶ̬
յ֮ϣһľš
ӿݵĴϣΨһӣ֮ϣһĻɫ԰ףͫ׷ŴһֱΪѽıһУȻȻȲôǿ
ܣ񡭡
ոնҡѹţջıһУջŻѻһ壬ɨһС
ͷǵѻھͬ롣
žડ
ӿ£һǰȥÿһϺɫ׶һ֣иоǰļȭǿᣬʵɲδʵ˺
Ͼ䴫Уа񲢷ӵġ
žડ
һǰ׷ΧڣĻȻѹûз磬ƺҲֹͣΨɳŲԾ
ŲΪͳԶͻһ죬ԼŽŲߡ
һԽԽˡ
ǧ֮⣬׵ҲϡӦǹƣվӣɫ̾˿һ籾˲룬ɷǼ޵Уػ˿Ƶ𣿸˵Ĵʱܱ
ֻܷҪǧ˻ϣ׵
ʱſڴ֮ϣɫŤĿֳãһƬհףΪõа֮ѪʵȣԼǵ͹衣
ֻΪǿ᣿ҹ֮ʱӵеģѵϴڷɽȣʵ
Ƭ̣ԽԽ϶ڷɽȣʵ
ˢ
վգ΢һһžʹϹָ
Ƭ̺ĿޱȣӴл
裬ǿ󳬺ҵϣϷС㣬ΪϷбǸɳƮǰɵ˺Ҳһ˿
ɫ䣬Ŀ¶һĨЦ𣬵ɣϻˣаѪֳɡ
ԣĿһĻֱ飬˵ĻӲڶУȻԼƺϤϤĴһĪš
Ըŭ𣬽űһʹ֮㾭ߣģӣһεѪеγ

ξװ㣬쳹Ұʹ֮һͷ
˻˻
ͻȻ䣬ϵĻ׸ʢ˲ͽû⿴ȥϡɼһӰڲϱ죬˵øӾ޴֫Ȼʧ
䡣
ͨĻ׻ˮ㣬ĻȻ䱻ջȥֻһӰӡ
һޣͨ峤Żװë֮˫צâ˸Ӵ˫䣬ֻ˰Ĵ֣Ψһͬǣͷȴͷһͷɡ
Ȼаһ
һȵϢĴϡĻϵʼһбʧϣһ¶ٴԼΪԲĻȻס
֮¶ͽȻ½ޱȣǱ䣬ֱ䡣
Բ׻Ȧڣսʿɫò԰ĻȻ﷢׹֮УһЩʽ˵սʿֱͦͦ䣬촽ֳ֮˪ݴ
Զ̸Ӧ仯һɱȽķ壬ۼϳ˱˪ͬʱڱ˪ð̡
衭㻹бʤ֮𣿡
ɵĶͷһӡǣɫ仯󣬲ǵǹɴݣҲǰǹɱŰ֮С
Ҳ
аѪã־̶ȾҲе壬ڻǰ𣿡΢΢ӣ˫һʱȷߴĮ϶ʱ޻ȼ
аѪԼҲʵΨоǿֺɨ֮УĲ²⣬Բ̫龳ʿ
̫֮£һС
Ȼǳ׶ΣаѪУʵΨǼޣֻһɽʧȥԼģһеϰ飬Աӡ
ԣֻҪӵʵ㹻ˣκε鶼Ǹۡ
ſһ£һɫ׳׾ͻƮڿУȥɫ֮⣬ƽ׺
Ʈ֮ʱüͷ壬̵ĸоǵֻаƴĻףȴؿֲִűŰȡ
¶֮ɫżɵĿ¶Ȼ˼ػףģ
Ϊеĺڤа԰ɡһӣƴĻ׶ʱ˸һ£Ʈǰ˲乤ĻȻʧ
ڤа
ǰŲοкڤаܣؼ֮𣬼Ĵڣȴͻ
ĪĻΨڤ緽ӵС
ɫб仯ſǰͬʱɫһ䣬ͷȥֻкɫ׷գ׵ܱ߱˪鲼оʹȴܿۼһֲֿٶȣںϡ
ڻˣҪ׷Ѱ켣ա
ӵ޵еٶȣں赲̫ڽӴҲ׶༪١
ϹʱڣаһǿźڤаأɵаԽ࣬ʵԽǿᣬ˵аʣӵڤ𣬻ּ£ܵɫĿдһɰ⣺Ϸӵʮڤ̫֮£޶֣öãȰٵڤ֮ʱߺߣػ˭ң
ڤ֮£ңɡڤĿһȻȡ

ףڻΪأ֮£踹кɫĻȻ˸˲Ϣ䣬֮Ӷιʱ˲仯ױ飬ֱգ䱻һɫ
ڣɼ֮ϣǾȡ

ҡһֳͻѹſֲźһ죬ǰڵϵıĻȻ䱬
ƺƵôֳУڣ佻ӵķĴƬ֮вձƽ̹
ӰʧΨһעǣǰ֮ػһأϸлȼš
֮ӣͻ
ڤа𼴱̫龳ʿ취ȻԪഫڤаԺڤɽǸشڤڤҲ׿֮Դ׷ݵس
ʣǰԣӵаٵڤȷʵأϾһڤ˾ˣٵΣοĶ١
ǰһĻϲδ¶֮ɫһжгһ֣ĻȻƮһڻ𣬶ʧڡ
ϹŵȻǿᣬϷԥһѪϷǵزҲ١ɵͻȻྡ֮С
ô踺أ׶ҲϣҵҵΪȻʧ󼸱Ҳ硣
ڣһڸıˡ
ӵǿѪҪ£Ҫվ˵Ķ⣬õЦԼˣһһڴʲô飬Ǹơ
жϧˣӢţΪһ֮£֮ϣûϵ׹ֻأɻΪɿʣǴһĨЦݡ
а֮Ѫϧĸ齥ʱգһнɢɲĿϧֻҪԼǿԼӵϵλ㹻ˡ
ʱؾһӵص𣬾ͻѹſֲ֮顭
ֳ˹ѣ˲Ϣ䣬ɽ㣬һɺڿвۣһƬơ
ô
üͷǰһĻ̼Ϊ죬ӦֻܸӦеſֲĲ
ѵûⲻܣֻԪӤڣӵҹ壬ҲǷڡĿ¶â
ʱһͳӺд
вΪ㽾ֻ㣬㣬ԼƽһֱȥҸЦݣĳ֣ǰֵԹԼմȾȴԼܡ
㲻һϸĸס
ŻƲʧ٣Ӱֳǰ״̬Ψͬǣۼ׵룬طѪܡ
ɿǰ˫ͫһУâ˸ȴҧ˵㣬ô㣬һŷ֮λôе㣿ɱ

ԣЦһҺ˵㲻ҳϣһս²ؼɷſһȥûУΪף˽ûӣ
ҵһѣ֪ʲô֪Ը𣿱㣬ҸϤ
ԣɫ粻ҧܣں˵жǰ֮ǣҪɱ㡭ڴˣҲ赲ҡ衣
ɫĮĿ罣΢΢ҪɱңɣΪǰңΪҹǿ״̬ǽһԶҪСҹһ塣
˵֪ƾҵѣҵʦҵҵѪϣɱҵģʶһ£ҹһ֮ء
һףȻȣڶ̬
֮£֮ɳĮĻȻһɳƮռ䣬ĻȻγһ޴ɳ֮С
еĶ֮Ӳҡҷ¡¡֮ű鲻ĻȻɫۼףſڵϣ󳤳ɫ֮һĹǴ̣֫צβֱް㡣
˾ȵǣһϸСۼϣðһ̣ԶԶȥͻһֻ˫ĺڱΨһͬǣͷ֮Ψһɫǡ
һƾõԶϢźĴ
ҹڶ̬Ȼ꣬ƾ֫ƣѴһ֮ƣԶħսʿвԼѪҺڣǧĤݡ
ħ
𡣡
һ쳹Ƹǣ֮һڤףȻȴûһϡ
ƺص֮ҲӦϹһϢҹڶ̬ɳа𣬸ʤһΪ

һװ
Զǧ׵۽ǿӴˢˢ죬ð죬һ棬޺޵ģɷֱǿˣ뱾ԽԽԶˣͲϢƬ̣ȵȱ𣿡
ÿμ֤ɳ׵˸˼ԽԽԽԽãеѡ֮ʱ׵˾ԲƵȥ裬װĸĪ⡣
֮󼪣ΪҲԪӤڡ
ᰡֵŬˡ
ͬʱԶ֮ߣӰĻȻһͣΪһüͷһ壬ˣϢϹһϣĳ𣿡
һ޹ߣԵۣʱԺ󣬱ָ㣬Ƭ˫ۣЩҡҡͷ˵֮ϢϷӦĳԴ֪Ϊȴһɲ赲ˡ
һ߼ҪϹһ峬ԽϷҪػ
ԣ߽üһ壬ͣԭس˼Ƭ̣ٴǰУŲͥһߡ
ѵаǱߣϹһʧǧ꣬˵ڤ磬޽磬ܲˣ辪˽ˡ
ţǣϣֻǳɳҵҲĨɱ
һߣһ޴Ĳӵ߲֮ɫ⻪
Ϲһ壿ûʱգػӵϹһ壬ƾϢӦƺΪħһϧҲԴ
Ȼħҵ˱뾡ҵܽаУΣ˳֣ҵ˱뱣ʥĲ鲻𣿡
赲ˣԲ鲻
ˣҵȥɽȰɣӡʱѵһΣħ֮Դõ


294 ڤ
ǰȫڼ׵ޣɫڱ仯ˣһֱţһ̼ȻЩҡ
ҹ棿
ɽҧͨ˫ͫ˸û˿ԥһ£һһһܹʮףɵļޡ
Ͼа֮Ѫʱ䲢ഫ֮Ҳδƿء
ʮס㹻ˡ
ҵҪҹ֮жǿʮڤаߺߣӵʣҲ׷ɱ㡣
˫һӣʮֲĻͼͻȻʧ٣ȻʮٴԶٲգʶӦȥǻЦݡ
ʮڤа˭ܵˣ
һߣһӰ㣬ſ棬ڸӦǰһĻ˫ͫһವһ䱳ϹɢһˣԭʧϸϸȥܷĺǴ
ಡ
ڤаһһͷ·㣬ֻÿΰȥǴٶ֮죬ʧؼ䣬ÿǴճ
Ӱȫʧڶ̬ǿٶ֮ס
ڤаȫ׷衣
ʲô
ɸоԾˣӦУڤаͷӬǰ壬ֻһͣԷʧؼ䡣
ⲻܣڤа֮ǿϷѵõаѪëͷСӡ
һ˲䣬ļ䣬ɺܲʣ߳ŭأ״踺ؼ꣬ӣΪྡԼ£ǡ
Ȼ⼸ԼĬĬŬǴδۿ裬ͬĬĬŬҪʶߣ
ʱǰռ䲨һӰ˲֣ʵһħӰӣ׳Ĺſεĺ̡
ëͷСӣëͷСӡ
Ĵֱ֣һ飬ĳӲ˺ϣɫѪڳʱˮ
ոʧʹϮʱһ飬ûоٴα˺顣
ٶ̫죬ɸ
Ϣɷŷʹ˺ѷεʹ
ұ۵ʹĸʹѪʼʹƷͷɢɫ
ͬʱʮڤа
ٶȺ֮죬ڤһ֣Ӱʧԭء
ԣǳս
֪ʹȥԼɣ
ҵģǾͬھ
ɿſһڤаʧڣˮڻһߣ˲Ϣ䣬һͨѪͷֳ
ͷ֮󣬾޴ն˫ۣһΪ֮ɫһǺɫڿУëȻ
ɵʶٽʧԣһ̣еֻзɱԡ
ڤ
ͳС
ͣ
ͷ˸ĻȻ䣬ƹ˸ڼﷶΧڣѩӣγһƬɫ硣
䣬ںڤа֮䣬Թ꼯۶ɡ

Ʊססسȥѩ⣬κε飬ʯͷɳӡһ̾Իѩ
䣡
ĻȻ䣬һƬѩϣڻ٣סȼɫȼͻﲻȼ
ףںڤа֮ףа䵽һ̶ȣһ
Ǻڤаγɡ
أѩ£ȼգǱѩ֮ףĴŻȼգ𼫶һγɡ
ڤΧ󣬱ϼӦһڤռ䣬ȥ˲仯ĩҲջҽ
һϲˣԶԶĵطΪԼһ氵Ӿ
һ׵ɫֳأ˵ǰȣ۽磬ֲεսһǸо˿˶㡣
ԼǷˡ
̫Զ
һ̣׵ǹɲʣȻ޴棬һ߶ȣĪϲ߶ȣΨ
ио貢¡
˵ʶ׵˴δļޡ
顣
ӿ£ǰ磬üͷ΢壬˵̫ʿ⾳ڤѾһ˿֮
ػԲΪ棬й֮һڷѭ˳Ӧϲ취򣬼һ˿Ҫͨ
аһưԣǿѨ硣
裬ʦϷɱģ˵ʵϷδԹ޹Ҫ˵ֻ֣ǹʶ̧٣סϷ֮Ϊ˵ԹޣΪʸ񡣡
ҰģµµΪڣ˰ޣ˸á
ڱѩУѪɫͷϣ޿΢̶¡
Ǹɵӣɴħս룬ħսɿ˳ȴɱϷ벻ףⲻɵʲô裬ɣϷõʲô
Ѫɫ֮ϣһ޴ҹӵֳ֮ͭ⡣
ħӣĽݺΪˣϷòħӣߣɱħΪĽݺǼ֮أϷÿʹⲻԹޣǹ·
ǺǣĻѽɢǵɵӵ³
޴ͭӣ㡣
ħӡ
ͫ׷ŴԺֻǼƶʵȹ£ÿ֮ÿã·
ʦ˽޻ڵĶˡ
ħӡ
Զǧ֮⣬˫˸ܿ϶ħĽݺǸֱҲħɢůϢ
ͻһְֻ㣬ʱ·ɨƽһƽȻֲֻɣҲǿ󣬵
ʦʦĻꡣ
ȭ̧׿죬һǰ
ɵӡ
һ룬ѩ˲ɱ飬ϮĶ𣬱֮ѩΪ֮أٶڴ˺á
ˣɴִ
ɵӡ
顣
һĻȻ飬ֳףɫأ̤ǰһ꣬ٶȽ
׸ʢ
顣
ٶ鿪һǰÿα飬˺ֱѪɫðףջ
ڣ˫ۿĿͭӡ
ɵӣϧҲɵӣʱ䣬Ǳ㲻Ѱ˵ǲɵӣʦͽɵӡűѪɫȡ
ڤ֮֮費̤룬£иУĽݺɵӣΪ˼ͽȥҲɵӣֻҪħһΪ˽롣
һ̣оǿ֮ƺѩɫ޼ɵҹָǿһȻĩ
кƽǸоɫ£ƽСϣ沨Сžŵҹɫȫɡ
ɵӣǣҲɵӡ
صʱСЩɻ󣬵뵽ѣ¶ЦݣͻȻ䣬ҹ¶½оˡ
Ҫȥˣֵġ
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ΪһӰȥ־Ӻ󣬲ת
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ᶨӺұۿʼתȵ㣬Ӱ󣬴ɽȻһɽֱ

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296 
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֣סħӣĿ⿴ǰֻһâԶȥѪɫá
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ˡ
׵ζٴɨ󣬶ǰȥཻãȻ޸飬ͬ³֪ΪΣ׵ǰ֮ģֻҸ֮ضȹӣһӣ׷һӣΪʲô
ˡ
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׼֮ãϷɽȡ
һ˲䣬ϣٶٶȼӿ졣

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Ѫɫ֮£һ淨࣬ޣ磬֣̫ʿе⾳ڴΪһɸӦ⾳ֶ
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ɡ
˴˵أ۷̫ʿӳ׷ɱ
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ٴɨۣǻЦҡҡͷΣ֮ʣצһֻɲ֮
˵ٽ٣ɱ˼һ䡣Ⲣ̫ʿΪԼġ
͡
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ѪٶȱһϸСĺɫƮ档
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ô󵨡
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СѣɱͽطϷ֮ʵãϷǰɱͽǷĿˣˣɡ
ߣɱϹһҲգԴСҲգΣձɱˣһǰ̫ʿǿϢ衣
ˣ
һӼ˼̵ҲȻ׼ɱ֮ʱĽв롣
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ŮɫĮͣ裬;ٶһӡ
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ߵؾͷϱҵ㣬Ⱳҡ硣



297 
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硣
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Ǽ̳֮ϣһֻ˫ħޣһӰŮӣȻˣȴΪܰ


298 ֮
֮ȫһʱ˫ۡ
ˡ
ϤĿһ¸Ӧ
ģ
ΧһƬɽΪԭﻨ㣬һ֮ɫԶһɽ壬Ʈ죬
Ĳݵˣ꼸ˡ
Ƕ⺣ɽഫɽÿ纣ǧӶ
⣿
΢΢һϸϸȥȴһЦ
ʦ֣ȥ뵽ʲô
˼һ£һҪ⺣ɽŨҿڴ˱չءѯʼ˵ȥ
ûκ飬ѵüʦ֣ԿǸֱҵʦΪֹ
˻һۣ̾һҲûȥȻˣںɽչذɣҸоͻûˡ
˶ûȥ֮⣬Ц£Ѳ࣬ҲϣЩ뿪ԼһչڴˣҲиϡ
Լʵ²⣬ؼв޼
Ͼͨȫ޾ˡ
ȻҶҪ⣬ǾΪޣʱغ󣬿˭ΪߡЦһģĸֳһһݸˡ
ֻҪǾ絽Ԫʯ㹻ͻˡ
ĿһＫΪмԪʯˣҪ֪޾ʿΪⶫͷѪǵԸ񣬼ЦЦӹٴɽֶѰҲ֮ء
ʦ֣ԪʯҪչˣһ㡣ƤһЦٻӰһһȥ
ңϣɡ
һӣľǻںɽʧɽУľڴˣչҲȫࡣ
Ƕ⣬նҽ㡣
赭ĳһ¶ܰЦݣԶߣԼھѲˡ

ʱ䣬ҴҶ
˷ǡ
һ䶯Ϣǿ߼ݺΣɱȣʿɽΪȺ۲
ػϴ㣬ɣȴš
Ͻû䣬ɹ£ţ콣£ʥԣռݡ
Ͻڽɽ֣ϽһƣԴ˲Ųʡ
Ϊף⡣
ɽָ˾ţ糤ǰƺˣͷ׶

һգɽƣ߲ͷףǧ֮⡣
ںɽܱߣĤݣһ첻
ƣհҵ
ǸĴͳ
ഫɽɣдﵽɽˣ꣬ͬ٣ⲢҥںɽɣΪһӣȻ˵硣Ҳ˼յ
Ҳ˵Ķš
ߣ¥˵˵ɽһĵŮӣΪŮӡ
ҥˣͼʵǺɽķ˲٣Ȼֻ߲⺣ɽȷʵиˣΪڷ񾳽磬ΪڸУŰĴڡ
ֻΪͨ߾ۼɽûףڵ汦ɽڵˡ
һ⣬ͼŰʦߣıϳɽ
һգɽٶߡ
һ̵ۣ꣬һ֮ɫ԰ףһ·м䣬Ҳʱͷȥ
ڶˣʵȻɱ㡣
Ŀ㣬һҧǿٶȷǧںɽɽͣ¡
ֻ˸Ʈ䣬󷽻ƹһȺʿ̤ƶ
ŵӣᣬһһȫʬ
վǰ꣬һ£ϸС˫۴ưǵ֮ӣĿᣬҪ֪ϽҪ£Ե졣
·ȴӵнᣬﲻϽȻΪС
ǺɽഫиռΪޣǻСΪãðչأɽһ˼䣬һ߽ɢƢΪŹ֣ѯ£ţЩɢҲưոݡ
ǽüͷһߵɽиˣҪ֪Ƕ⣬ǿʿɣʲôˣΪ죬ͳɽˣ̫ʿˡ
ᣬҽڱصá
ϡ
ڽ£ʿڵĳ뺣ɽ
ڴ̡
ݵϣɷҧһڽˣֻϧΰ꣬δȡ
Ҫæ𣿡
ʱһˬ̧ͷȥɽ
һò֮£˾źȲ裬˵һ󺺣ˣһһŮӡ
˼һ£ҡҡͷ⼸ѧ˽
ŶǼȲ衣˫硣
ʱа˷䣬Ϊ׽ưȥĿϣжȴס
Ǹʲô
߲δǶɽ񣬵Ϸ³çɽŵޣһָСͽ֮ˣȡз˽ӡ
˵˻ʱ̬ȼΪϿңΪǰȲˣ͸

ſɽˣĿһ´ŮӣľȲδֶãʱɽһŮӣŮ£֬
˵ŮӻһŮߣŮ֮ŮɢŹ
û뵽⺣ɽ˼ˡĿʢ뿪ڣȻһ
ݵ񡣡
мӰƮ䣬ΪһƮƮһ˷ɣ⼸˽

һۿȥµĺͯ㣬ͷ
ûϷֵС֪ǣ˸λѣһ
кܾȣ˼ȻȫǷڣӷڣɽи˾סǿѨ硣
Ҫ֪񣬷վصĶ壬ҥ̫龳ʿ²ˣȥӸ⣬ֻҪһˣ̫龳ʿҲֻնһˡ
ڽڣȻûˣΪһ֮ףǷΪ
ԲǱƲѣ겢ˡ
ɽƷļ俴üͷһ壬ƺ뵽ʲôҲ׷
뿪ɽ
һĮ̬ȣвô˵Ҳһ֮Ϊڼ֮ϣƽʱĸǹмӡ
һΪҽ֮ˣϷҪߡɫҲƽʱһ㣬ѾˣȻԷӣǾٿ
ϾƾŽһ֮⼸˻ɵģţ⼸˻֪Ϊ˸ˣӶ｣ڡ
˵˴ʱϷ˽ǿ꣬Ȼ֮£һжġ
ӦϷǰĴɫӽĿưȲ飬Ҳܾ
΢Ĭһ£ͻȻЦ
˼СҸо񡣡
ôһ˵Ҳôãرȫһģһġ
΢΢һ㶣Ůӣƺ˵Լ
ȻԵǾһְɡ
ƺϷƵ
ôҪ֪֪ʲôˣǰ𱸣΢ӣ⼸ҪˣȻˡ
ʲôɽڸӣ㵹ɫϴ죿
һΣҲ˵ĿϷ£ô϶Ҫõֻн֮⺣ɽɢˡ
ˡϷҪߣ˭Ǿ͹ֲϷˡ±󳤽ͬʱó΢㣬һϢﵽڣٴӽڴﵽˡ

·ڣɽϷŮߵָնʱɽ֮ɽҡ
һɽΪģȵɢ
ںɽޣһ֫أȫ⣬ͷǿɽ
ãã߲һ̣˰ӿǴǧķΧֱ֮Զ
ĻȻ䣬̫Ҳڵ
һƬ߲֮ɫ
ɽԲ󳯹ϵµգߵ׹ݡ
Ʈһס
ɽˣڵʿɫ䣬ץס½ֲֿһĻʣǴͨ߳ء
ɫҲò֪ɽʿӣδ֮ǿѵ޾֮£ʿ
ˡ
һ̣ȲˣԼͬվ𣬼Ŀɽ
꣬һһ죬ʦڳˡŮ¶οЦݣ޾죬ʦĩϯ³أ֮ڣȺۡ
ǿϢعǴͨߣһգҲߵ߶ȡɽɫ羴ޱȡ
һ;ᣬ˵һὫʿ̰ȷʵˣҲ֪֮һ;жѡ
棬
뵽ԼˣԼݵˣ¶ûïܵһӰ
ϹЦݣֱţ۴Ӻοȥֻһͨꡣ
ŵѾޣڴ˵ǸһѷӦɽ꣬ƷˣƷڣޱȡ
Ϊˣ겻ٸҰڣǰˡ
Ǻǣ£ҵν֪׷ɱ˭𣿡һƻʵѵǰ
ϤһԺһĻ˴Լǰʳǣ֮棬ֹҾ
硪档
һ˲䣬ԺһƬհף˵ߵ׵Һݼ档
һɫһףɫüΪľʡ
赭һЦŹµ꣬ȻһݣҲζһ
Щܿˡ
򣬶ʱĿỨ˸ʱǧ׷ɱһҧӲʱһᶨŹһ䣬еֵܶˡ
Ժ
ô𣿡迴꣬ƽ
ɫ粻ӦŷϢֲԼȻնҲûо
ǰ˼
һΣ겻̧ˣ֪ǲΪԼӶǿߡ
û˵ĿЦ⡣
ˣ˼ѯԼ俴Žˣǽ˵Ļ
Ϊǲ㣬ݱ㣬˱࣬ɱ쾭֮¡
뵽ˣ
һЦŽΪңݱҸߣ˱Ҷ࣬㸸ǿɱ쾭֮¡
һǰּ߲ʽâ
Уɫ䣬ϳ½ĵҪȾң֪ˣҪȾҡ
Ӹ׵ݣѾ˲ǵˣ˭֪ⱻ׷ɱ˰ˣ֮ǿ
˽ҧȴԼǰ˰벽ȻϢѹƣһ̣һҧһץ˵Զȥ
ʣˣҲᡣ
迴ԶȥӰҲûᣬЦҾȥҪˡֵûˣҾȥҪˡ
ʼĩȴ֪˱裬㹻ˡ
µѣˣʦֱͲ࣬ϧϧڴԣ֮һ;ûԵġ
ʦֳˣΪϴһȥڣǰͳˣǵ㣬ȥʦˡЦһϽ򣬵Ŀȴ⺢ôʦ
ŹֵԹӣٺһЦ


299 ݷý
ڣλɽȺɽ֮УŰ㣬״ľ޽Զ已ˣ̧ɼ
Ϊɽ
ഫɽԭˣǽڿɽʦԴ֮ͨɽΪ
ĴɽУһֱ̨ɽ
ֻд˳̨׵ţԵΪͽ⿴Ƽ򵥣ʵԵ죬̨޾֮ഫǧŰپʮŵ
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ˣÿɽɲ٣£ʱ
һգڽɽͷӿˣۼɽСо¥ջݣ
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ȷʵˣŮеŮɫ֮
֣Щ˼̸Цʶ䣬ǿ
ˣŮӿǣŮӣͶɢŮٿƤԺڣȴʡ
ŮǾȣҲǲ»˵䣬ȾƼ䣬һִʡ
ʻЦ°㣬¥֮ӣһ۾Ϳװģװ
СүٹʱھͿʼͽˡ
Ҽ˽۷֣⽣ɽ϶Ҫϡ
ҿɽܴﵽĲ塣
ʱȥļȸԾ
ǼݲͣĹˣύһҲá
˼䣬һ궢Ŵߣԥһºƺ򴰱ȥ
һˡ
ʦ֣Ϊչس϶ǷԲ˭ֻ֪ǸһȻЦͬʱϵĲȼи衣
СһˣԪӤʵѲڷڿƷҲ¿϶ǿƲƲҲһΪϤ
ɽһۣЦЦ
ˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôʿǿߣ˵ǸնǶ֮һȷҪ𣿡
迴Ŵ⣬һֱЦݣԣһھƺ󣬵˵ͷ
ӴȴսսӮһսʵʶԣս㲻ӮսұǸԼҲڵҡ
˻һ˽£ն쳹أŴ˴Ӳ֣ҵĿһؽɹ
ս봫ȷʵͬΪƳһˡ
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ټ϶ΪӴֻġ
һսռ˺ڤаټҹڶ칭ɡ
һͻƷڣҽٲиоֻϧͻƣǻԵԣǿ󲻵á
һºЦġ
ɡ
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꼸ҲǹŹֿ裬ģ⻹ʲôҪ֪նǧµˡ
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ĿһҲ𿺷ܡ
һ;֪ʵҪҪɣҪûʵֻ踺أʱΪǡ
ȻûʵУĻʿҲԼˡ
ֻҪһսӮˣȥʦǣҲá
Ŵ˻ҲЦЦҲЩ˷ܣʵ֣Լ䰮ˣҲ뿪ԼʵͷҲ뿪
ȥڰɡ
ٶȺһھƣ迴Ц
ʼնûڣһֱЦݣȴţÿ輸˵һ䣬ִ۽֮С
ҪǾ仰ɣԾˡ
ԺҲˣ
ʱüͷ£Ŀ⿴ߣֻһ껺һ£вϲЩˣûȤдվ𣬵ȴ˻֡
λ֪ܷ棬ºһˮƣվߣ΢ЦֻǽӴȡ
꼸˽ǱЦݣδ˵Ц⡣
µĳ˼ӦǱŽύ̬д۹⣬ɴ˵һֺη
Ŀһ˳ϾƱһһƱ´ʮӣԵ뼸λˮһ˵һΣұؽ֮ꡣ
ɡ
ˬЦһϺǽλӦǰڵİɣˣҲд⣬лţʱǿʦֵˡ
껰дš
輸˻һۣкЦȴ˵ͷ
ȷʵϽڣɽԵټǾʽύ꣬øУȻˮƴžģ֮ʼմӲԼȡ
ãɢ깰ֵоĵԼ˵ʮݣ⼸ɫһҲ䣬϶⼸ݶȻܸߡ
ֻǳμ棬ҹھ㵽ֹԵټĻýύһ
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Ʒʵܣ⼸˲ͨˣҿھҲûֵ𣿡
ºԱһ
Ʒ꣬˼漴һЦҾͦ˼ģرǺ꣬Ϥ֮Уһʰɡ
ǺǣƷʵܣ㵹ҲȤЦ£㲻ԼýɽɽնûδҲ£ɽҲϧŮˣõĻɫʵܣ㻹лʣŮĶǮֻҪҺҾ͸򡣡
˵زǴƣ԰Ȼ輸ˣĿһС
Ʒǻüͷʱһ壬Ե֣ⷬҲϣڶ¥ȥ档
ƷȥĿһߣһ죬Ҫݺݲڽ¡
겢֮ôкøУ
ɽˮﻨ㣬輸˳ɽУһ·棬˿ûҪ˵ӣȷʵµԼţڲˣа취
Ҳֻ֪Ϥоѡ
߲죬в˴ߴ輸ɽɽš
̧ۿȥ޴Ľ壬Ӳ㣬ƻֺ꣬վɽţȻֹŹֵĸо
Ȼо輸˶ԣ˲ʧ
ڲɣɽŵĺΰδ½һμҡͷ
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ɹ˸ңҽ㣬ʸ𣿡迴ž޽Ŀ͸һа㣬ֱɽ
ãɽƺвͣڴ֤㲢ǽͽׯӵȥɡ赹
滹ˣӦɵģǺǣкϷˡΨ²ңȸԾȣ⽩ʬǺ棬ǰйҪˣһ֮һ
꼸ɸš
ʱɽ֮£ۼ˲ǧķˣ죬˷ܣв̨̤ףҲвɽϢ׼һȥ
輸УϹЦݣЩ꣬ÿжвͬ뷨
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̤ţǱϵģҼǵڷӡڤɽ簡¶
ʦ֣ڣǱʦֱӴȥģ˵һ֮塣һ⡣
꼸˻һۣҲĻЦݿ裬̤ţ˵ѡ
ɽ֮ϣһҧУ輸˾ʱ¶档
⼸ôǰɽɽˮ
ʱĹȥɽ̨ˣ̨׿ƽʵֻҪͣϢƬ̣ͻᱻ紵ɽڴɽţԴɽķˣʵ򲻻˺
ֻɽѲˡ
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ͻȻǰһϤӰ
Ȼһ·ǰӶ࣬һ¥Ӧþ͵ˡЦ漴⼸˽ǲڷ˼һӦϵɽ
Ϊһۿ˸ףֵǰ꣬һϳˣҲ㲻˲š
ֻǽ꣬ϧˣҲ
˵˻֮ʱѾ겻Զ
ٴμˡ
һףƷ輸ˣɫһ䣬⼸˲Ƿˣ۷壬ԼΪοǣҲΨ۷壬Ż֮ġ
ûúվƷǰЦȷʵԵǾһɽɡ
ŶԭǣûҲߵˣϡ档Ҳͣ½Ų׿ȥŹֵ
輸˲δƷٶǰУ;н̸
֣ڵڶˣһѰɽˣҼͣһҪȥƷЩ٣Ϊ˴
ȥǿ϶ˣȥܲܰ뽣ڣ⻹δ֪迴ɽ
ʱǰɽһɣɼΪ̨֣֦Ͽƺκɽŵˣȱ뾭ɡ
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Ʒ磬漴ɨۺ󷽰꣬ЦƷ磬߰ɡ
ûã˴ӹ߹ֵƷʱͻȻɽɳʯƷɫ䣬Ųˡ
󣬰һۿȥд䣬漴Լ߲ûз硣
ƷʵܣԵţҲ
Цһ겻ͣ첽Ʒ߹ȴɺ󣬼ȻȻֻŨ
ҥɽţߣᱻַ紵ɽԼĻʵˡ
ƷʵܣҼԵɣһģǵõĵǻһ죬һ֮ϡĻϲƺһĻ
Լ֮ϵĵܵܣߵף乧
ʱƷҧΨһϣ˭֪ȱַ赲ﲻʣ˻ʳĸ֪һַ紵£ĸ󽫱乬Լ̫Ϊȥ
ͻȻ䣬ĿɨڴݶЦ輸ϡ
ʱһƽ͵
ˮζһ֡
Ʒû˭˵ߵȴΪϤŸоһᣬͻ˭Ű㣬ȴʱǹɼȻ޻ԲС
Ƭ̣Ʒվ̨֮ϣһ㶣ֵл֡
޷߰ɡЦЦֵŻڷ㶵Ʒ磬ȥ
̨ϻһˡ
ôܡϻЦݣоԲţƷʵܣոտǷɹ̨ס
һ˲䣬ǰһĻˮӰƿ
ѵǣһǡ
ֻǳ˼Ƭ̣ӦϾֻмˣȥǼ⣬û˿ܰĵƷ硣
⼸˿϶ǽˣУҲƷʵܵóѡ
첽׷ȥеƷʵܣƬ̡ŨŨûڣϾǼˣƷھ¥ʶģҲ˵ҲսӴȻսӴͰԼֻҪӽ̸һܻ
ֻϧ֪輸˶ԣȤ꼸˶Ʒ磬ҲǺȤֻǿӶѡ


300 ɽ
ѣһȽᣬҶӦڶ
ڹ㳡ڣͷӿ֮ܽһѰʯЩʯ״죬ɢһɷâ¶ƣһ޴ʯ̨ʱʯ̨ŷ
ԽڶԣǴɽᡣ
һԸĵɣеǰԼǧʷˡ
ڹ㳡߿̨ϣһԸɵ̸ЦŸ츳ӡ
½ϣô죿ϷʦֶҲڣ˵콻ϷʦֶΪ˼ӱ
˼䣬һüĿЦ
Աһ׷Բߣ˵ЦĺԺĿⲻɲһЦҪ£콻Ͳڴˣ棬һ
⻰һ˵˵ͷҲ⣬֪Ϊ˵¸֮ˣԼ²ڳҲû˸顣
߼ƷĿ⿴ƶŹ㳡ʵ룬ǰϷʦֶع飬˵Ȼֱ˶ȥɫҴԼʦֶǾŵӣƺ˲ǵˡ
ԽڵΪܣⶫ⻹˿ɼɵ
ΪûУ뷨ֻǸЦĴˡ
ã˫Ҷʤ
Ź㳡кȲʣĿٶȿȥ
ڵ֣Ǿ޽֮ͬһɽŵ쳱棬￺ޱȣǿ۵ĵӣǽѹ˼
Щ˰
ڵɫĮȻһͽϴĿưɨ꣬Щ˰˱֣ԵţȻˣԺҪڹ档
ǣ
Ӧʡ
국ͷٿɫʱѵҽڰɡ˵ż䣬˽ڸʱɽֵ̨ϼˡ
һۿȥһˣһƳڷ˼ݶͣŮӸ֮ơ
Ŀ˸죬ŮƬ̣漴ٴˣΪвһ˿Ȼ⼸ϢЩ죬תһ룬ͨдڽɢޣƽ޹ʸϽڡ
ĥţ⼸ӦǷ̫ӹ֮ࡣ
ʱѵǼˣ´γɡ국ֻĻﲢδüͣ½Ų̸Цüͷϲ
ˡ
ΪףǰУ;Ҳ֪˵ʲôݺЦŮӿﴫͬͦأƻֺ꣬طǵһˮ㱻׷ӳɽţٶǸ棬뵽Ȼᷢ£оΪ⡣
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֮ʱݺݶƷĻΰʵܵø֣Ȼʶˡ
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303 ɫ䡪ͷۣ
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֣ն£۾ƣϽҶϵһƾζ˵𣿡
ԣ赭һЦȴҡҡͷҾûǹľƸãϪΪ崼ζ
նüͷ΢壬ЦЦĿ裺𣿿ֵһ
վͻȻ䣬һӴϢ£ֳ̨߲ѷ죬ɷ֮ʣһƬħƣڵ
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ͻת䣬Χ˫ҲڴնʵһֱҥУδն֡
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ԵĻ裬Ƿӵȫһսʸ
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ಡ
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˸𣬱ֱкѣԪҪ㣬ʶ䣬Ƿ׷׺˿
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ԶԶȥѪɫ֮£һճһѾ޽ƿնͻҪذ㡣
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ӵһսʸ񡣡
ͳ㣬ĴҲǰӵе֪Ϊ
ȷʵӵʸ



304 һѪ
ѪǴء
Ŀճ֮ϣնֶּѪɫϸ΢΢ţĿǰһͷޣǴ¶һ˿ѪЦݡ
ЦݸĻ˷ܡ
ǸԸ֮ˣش߽ͨʱĿһУֻʱĲѣһӵʱ䣬Щͨߣ˻аնڽ¡
޴ҰģҲгֵţʵ͹ߣʵͬߣնһɲ
ֱĳ֣ٹսӲڵݣֱڣ֪ԼһΪޣӵԽ׶սʵ
˷ˣѪҺˣУӵһսʸ
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۹·˷ͷݣ£ֻڼ׾צζŰ˷мĮȻݣ俴ն
ҹطֻӷһУȻնʵȻͻƷ񣬱Ȼ̫龳磬ʵǿ
ǰʵһӲ濴ƺȻȴ֪һȻı۹顣
ҹǿֲָµʧȥһսʸ
ܽһ֣ԺˣΡ
նĿͨѪһָٶȳ֣Ϸ׷ΧѪĽһָ¡

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ĿһǻʾЦݣֻޱһǽۻȭԶԿգ޵תջһɫ׶ӣֱָ񷡣
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ԶΧ۵ˣڴȵ£ӲԼ˼ףûȥĿתĿſճǡ
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׹һΪĿճǣ¸鲻ͻһµ㣬Ʈؼ䣬ԶԶȥͻһ㣬Ӳԡ
ֻ˾ȵǣЩȻƮ䣬γʯҲĿİ㣬ٶǻԭĵط
һĻ㳤궺˵صʿҲǵһμȻ˵Ŀճǣô˻ٻ
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Ϊ֣ƾŷڣɵֵ̫龳İУܴﵽ˸߶ȣԺ
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ɫĮȻȻеʹޱȣȴ֪ҹָǿᣬⲢ
ҹǿٶգףնԽΪ̫ͬ龳ѿգټǰѽ˽ۼףȻѪҺ֮ܡĿǰѪϡ
ն۽΢Уͬ裬оȣǰѪܣȻֻǼϢ䣬˿ھԻָԼɻ꽣˿ڣȻѪҺǴѪҺƺ޾㣬Ȼɲꡣ
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ն˿΢ͷͳҹ֮ĳֻͨҪϣܵ˽ָѪҺҲһ
˵
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У輴͵ϮҲ˺Ҳ֪Ϊˣڴ֮£͵Ϯ
ԸնĿ˸ͬʱǰϸϣл𼸰ǰ⿪ɻ꽣ƺնʵ
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ϻƣδˣǵһħǺǣ첻ʧֵ𾴵Ķ֡նＸ䣬Ŀ⿴ǰɫĻȻ
ǵõӹһҲΨһһߣʱգһ٣Ҳ֪ҿԿ϶̫ڽӽһ
նȻѪ֮𣬶ʱһΪĴ̶ͻϯ
ǧ֮޾Ⱥ˫۷ʿҲ¶ʹ֮Ѫ˫ּ
һߣƷȫɫ԰꼸˼ɫһ䣬ʩչλס߿գħĽż١
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ΪһƬѪڴɽ鲼ĴһįСϣһޱĿţɽУͻʧȥ㡣
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ԶԶȥֺһĻĿģʿ;ʿ·ķҲ𾪵
ֻǼϢ֮󣬿ճ֮±һƬï֣ܵͬʱǧ֮Сݿʼήͻ޾Ահ㡣
Уܼٽְٲϸϣʱ䣬Ѫɻ꽣ʼתΪֲ
ֲֻ޾ͻ棬ɣɴ಻
һĻһնüͷϸϸ򣬷֣ƽʵӵ޾ιǾ޴ͷΪ޾ӱøӴֱֻ֮С
ͬʱϸŰγҹ֮忪ʼȻˣƬ̺վڿУѻƽӡ
޾ֻأǲ档
ƾⲻֻֻ֮Ҫ뷶ΧڣֻҪûˣһҵ汾Ȼ̫ʿҲұˣһҲܡ
Ͼⲻ䲻֮ʵ飬ԷԲֲﾫΪٿƽʵ޾ն֮ϡ
Ȼֻ֮Ҳȱݣֲ֮أƿֲҲͷӲ

޴ͷϷѪɫǱֳ֮ѺۣɾѪѪһȻΪѪڱӶ
ⷴһĻնĿ࣬ѪһδԹΪѪűġ
ƽķҲһμ


305 
顣
һ춯Ǿ޴ͷձ
ʱ䣬ѪǵƮ䡣
նһ֣ѪϸƮ˻Ѫ֣ȻûʧʵҲܿû뵽ȴַʽ
Ϻ˫磬ƺɴʼǿŰ㡣
ҸоѪҺˣϣʧ
˲ʵ齣
նĻȻ࣬ͻصľ˰㣬еϸֱָ񷣬֮ڣһۿɼӿϸ
һϢԣ̫ڡ
̫ʿּ֮ܣѣ˾Ȼվۣ֮ƺֻһ֮ң
ͬʱңԶһɮվɽϣңԶԶ߹Ʋ㣬ָһ㣬漴ҡҡͷ
ԭնѡ
Ƭ̺ɮϥԪɽ㣬Զ뾲һս
ǧס֣ҲĿǰǿߡ
նĽԵҲ£Ե˵˭ؼѵҲ֪ǿߣ
ӳеľģҲ㿴һֻɮӵɡ
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һüģʱ䣬һСһĺ˳˲Ϣ䣬Щǻɫڵʿ˴ŹɷΨһͬüĽһӡǣƬ̺ʿֳ

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ִҲǵĹˮǸ
ٻǵһٹҹ硣
Ϊڤ޻ԹΪޣҲδһ֣֮ڡ

һѰѩõڽ֮ϣʱ̶ֻÿһȥͻ˺ҧ㣬޽ȵ˿䣬Ϊʿڴ֮£廯ƬһС˻
農ǰһ˼ٵüģʱ䣬ˮɫƮ˳Ŵǰתͣ
ͬʱһֻֻС˻ˮһȦٶȱڣγˮٶȻһŭɷֱǰ
ּȹֵķԶʿһ㶣ִ۽֮УնҲüͷ𣬶ٴӵеķͨΪġ

ùͻϰҰ㣬ʱȥǾ޴Ľͣ˰ա
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ԶȸֹͣڶϷ˻
ƺһ̣Աᡣ
ɻɫ⾳Źʼ޼ɵӿȥǰǧñͣ˶Ǳ鲻һеſеյվ
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޴ٻͣڿУһ㣬·ŷҡҷҶͻȻҲǶ
ƺǣҲ
һ̣ʿñ٣ǻ㣬֮ϣΨһɫճƬҡҷƺǹ֮£ΨһӰġ
ңԶɮһѪ˳漴Ĭ䣬ǰǶϿĻٶȻع顣
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䡣
麣ͻȻӿǱģĻʱʧüͷ漴һѪǺ淽ƽ
ն㲻Ϊ츳ǿߣ⾳֮ϡ򣬽ⶨǴ˹ɣΪɻվ۷塣
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⽣һʤѶҽӣΨǿǱ񡣡
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ֻϧͬΪҲΪѵãʿʣڶ֮ڴƾ
ֻһͻƣʿӵеʵ̫֮ϡ

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⵽ʲôͨ
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˿ִһҧв˼·ų̫ͼȻһжˣΨǸȷķ칭
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䡣
һ
ٶȼΪĿ죬ֻһͷ
䡣
ڶɳ
䡣

忪ʼͷʹѣ²Ҳ幭ѣֻ幭ܸıʲôȻԪʯΪǾٹ
ٹĽ֣費֪ѳԤ룬
䡣
һһĿͨ죬з֮״¾Ͻǳŵֻһ֮ңʹ˷вʡ
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ԶԶȥһɫ˷߿¶ȻƲҲֻڳ嵽ɫشʱĶ
ͷˣ·𣿡
һѪڻϣɫ£Ŀ⿴ǰһԺ
ŭ


306 ͬھ

ɫ⾳˻˫űûҶɫݣͻС㡣
ԴӴﵽ̫龳磬ʩչɻ꣬ǳԽ̫飬ջǱɻ
ǳԽ̫ʵ˵򵥣ﵽмˣش߽ͨڣһûм
̫ʿͨʿȫתô̫飬Ȼﵽĳ۷״̬ؼϡУΨԪʯ֮ഫһ磬ͨʿôܵõ
žž
նÿһּϸӣǧ֮⣬ʿĻȻ飬ջ
һ̵ͻ㣬ɫҲǶŭһͬ󷽷ȥ
ͬʱԽԽƿɷ󷽷ȥ
󷽣ǻվӰ칭ֱָǰһŭһӿУŵڶ롣

һֻֻĿİӿС
ն΢Уֳһɲ죬ҡͷÿһСּȻȡ·ն𣿡
ԽԽӿ룬Ǿ޴󻨰ͽȻŨ̹Ҳ
նиӺ棬ʶ뿴͸ǹ̳Ȼȴüͷһ壬ȵϢȻһжˣһȵ̳ɢƺӿ룬ڳɾһ֮
ͨҲ죬ųĹɣӶʵҲΪ忪ҵնֶ֪ʱʵ帺ɣͬС
ȷʵеͨʵǰ֧ȱնļڴֻɴݲδֶãǹŨ̿ʼڻȣҲһкڡ
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ΪȽɢǵ̫֮ϣƺֹ
Ž߹ң˷һӿ˹ЩСдɫ¶һ˵
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ն֣û뵽һսȻǣ˶޹ߣϧ
įϰٵ۾ʧģֳѷ죬Ƥɰ㣬һ
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ٿһͻȻƺׯڣʦյĺá
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УһɫĹƮ
ϻƣлҹȻһԺˡ


307 ȥĻ
칭ΧϥתһֱڵĹʮתֻû

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ڻϣͣ漴һӣһڵĴ««ΪĴһ׸ߡ
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һ·ǰУǰӿͻռݰ㣬ֲһĻ̿ˮŵĿ裬ں׵ˣ֪ʮԲ⣬ȴȥʮԽԽˡ
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׵ҲŭƵĸźӣҡͷǿƣȷʵûʸԴ󣬵ôΧЩˣԱϴĥѵȷʵʸġ
׵˸Ǽˣ˼ԣѾľǸˣ
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ΪĴ󣬴̨ףʱ̨׾˵ĿⲻԼͬȥĮȻϡ
Ŀ˸ĮȻ֮ƣ漴һӣһѻ۵Ĵֳʱ䣬̨ͽȻ࣬˿Ŀֳη
׵Ҳ˿ԣֿ˿Ϸ
Ҳǻ裿


314 ¸ų
׽оţƬ̺󣬶ʱһ
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·һ깰ֵϷһŮӾţŮţɫʱ΢˫ƺڻʲôƬ̺˫ۣȻǼ٣Ҳ֪ϣжٸԳ𣿡΢ԴһٵϽвٴųƭʿҲˡ
裬ǸգһΪԪӤ׶ΣҵȺѲ³١˵
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ȥУޣǼ٣ơ
Ůһ仰һ˾η棬ŮӺȻǵһөΪĪ콣ˡ
ڻˣ޳ΣһҪҵһǰ½ѰңȻ޹
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