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ߣҷ

ݼ飺
׷Уį񷣻ǧȥ١


һ ɽ


1 Ԫ
б׹ϼ죬ָ
Ⱥɽ֮УĺɽȻ
һɽ֮ϣе̣ɢȥϼУһƾɵԺһССӰ
ʦ÷
һʮˣĴͥԺһҾɵĵԵЩϸߣ˫ֶ׷߸ߵżһưܵĴӡ
߲ӵĴ֣Ԫۡ
ӭһλϵʿ񳣬Ұ׵ͷ˸٣縳롣
ʦİ׷㰡
üĿ鶯ɫ͸һ˿Ƥ
ϵʿüʶһ£оǴȺ͵Ц⡣ǺЦɽ亣ζֲ赭ΪʦԿʳáΨСһİ׷Ϊʦÿձزٵļȣ
Сһ꣬ԺüЦӻֻ룬ʢϺִ˫ꡣ
ʦͽϯضķɢ
̻ʵСһʦе꣬ݸЦߣΪҵ޵֮ˣʳȣͷ¶֪ȳٲСһβϸأҭˡ
ʦС˵ʦ÷˵˼˵ԴˣСһϰΪЦһ´ǵķưš
ְһڷСһԴһᣬĿ¶Ц˵ʦƣʳ¸Ҷʳǻ۶ɡԵӿ׷ҪһЩźأ
ϵʿԺŶһַԳ˼ȻЦСӣ֪ȴһȡ塭漴ɫһв֮⣬пƣʳ٣ʳߴڰ
ʦӻǳĺã֮ʿҲ֮١Сһٺһ֣ͷ
֪½˼ϵʿδСһĻǷԸСһΪʦĺ«ùϴǸ¬ƶ
Сһ֧һ·룬˳ȥһһ̵˻ﻹŸСɵľƺ«һ߹ޡ
šѺ«ңƶŵϡ
ϵʿӹƺ«Сһڣζ£߹ޣ˿Żƶӽ׽°͵ĺҲ֮һһ
һ߳ŷһ߳ʦԵֵģСһ֡ٺ١ЦϵʿδԹһھơ
СһƶŰ׷һĹ˵ס־һ뷹ʦȻھƺ«ƶ֮䣬˵ʦٺȵɣһඣ
Ŷ޷
ϵʿӦţȲꡡ
΢УϵʿƮ
СһһڷʵʦϳԵĴǸʲô
Ǻǡ
ϵʿζЦһ֪ζƳǻƶζŨַ룬ĴǶǶҲǡȿȣ
ǱǺˣЩҡϵʿһºҡҡͷЩĿͶ⣬ȴʲô塣һ˫裬ԶĺɫµɽӰأ
˥пҲЩ̾һºϵʿЦһ˵ʲôΪʦ׷Ѱʮ꣬ʼδÿž֮Ե쳾µµˣһɡ
СһЦ飬תתһС˵ʦֺȶˣ
ϵʿĵӣĸοһЦСӣΪʦǺȶˣƲˣ
СһʦתûȤʦĵкԺСһҲ˼һ䣬ʦ桭ʦӦòġ˵ţ۹͵͵һƳ
ӵ˼ʦϵʿ벻ЦСӾɣ˵ţ˿ھơ
ǧΪʦʮأһ統ζʴҲʧͰƻƣΪʦȴһȥ
ϵʿһתвο˵Сһȴһ쳤ˣǺǣ

ɽӹɽ壬ƾɵԪ
֮Ѿ治üĿĸߴһǧľ¡ᣣ绺Ʈ
ǰϵʿϣķ
һССӰںصĺɫæµš
ʦ˲㵥£ʰ˼ªʳߣСһ˳Ԫ۵
ͥԺԪԺǽߡһƽ̹ţʯСһÿϲĵط
һӵֽۣŲߵţʯ
ͷֱۣȣСһ
ʱڡغҼһ˿ҰԵɽ磬ϣϣ
һ¹ң¹ˮйذɽͷɫ֮£Ԫ¶ԶããԶɽӰӰ´¡
˴Ԫڵǧ̫ƽɽ
ţʯϣСһϲšޱ޾գɽ޵ĳÿʱںڵԵ鶯С϶һ˿䲻İ뵭Ȼ
ԴµʱСһ͸ڵʦʦƣ׼û˵Ƶ˵Լˡ
ʦԸɣ
ʦ˵ԪԪѹȥһǧˡ
Ԫһ޵гɡݴء绽֮ܣӵˡԪʢ֮ʱµڶ࣬˹ŵʥ֮ء
ڶٶʱԪ˰շʱʢǰں䶯Ԫ˵ĺԪԪͼͳ
֪ǺԵʣԪ˷֮Ԫб˵õɣ乩ս䣬ֻĴı
һʱԪۣſȸɵõҲһңԶĴ˵
ʦƵԪ۶ʮСһΪԪΨһĶʮһˡƵ˵СһŵӣҲһιĲѡǣԪҫΣ䵽ʮСһϡ
뵽˴Сһ
ŲںʲôأڳɵõͨһĹɵ֪Բݻ崫˵ˡ
УӦɡȴԼûɣȻҲȥЩ˵
ʦʮ˱СһϿɵ书֮᪻⣬Ϊ˼ɵõԶ
ÿʦ飬бԣѧʦı죬õģʶСһÿ춼ֺǺǵġ
ʦ˵СһǱ·ϼġ
Ƶķ׷ѰԵδڷԪ۵;Уɽ˻Ĵ˱һɽ򸾣㽫Сһиλĵĵ
ƵҲԪۺˣĺӡ
ʮϵʿҲǺ࣬հǸ¶
ʴˣƵСһ˵ͬĸ죡
СһʱƵԪϤڡ
ϧĺƵһҲʦͽ޵Ҳ
֮£ϵʿҲֻþСһɽʦͽڸЩаĹڻһЩ΢ΪɽﲡҲܻȡһЩɽ
࣬׵Сһ˵ȴҲң
Ԫ۵ǧ£ôˮһᵭš
Ԫɽ屻˶̫߰࣬ƽɽʮ˷֮һ
˶ɽƶͣɽ嶫ǵİ¡һɽ·ɽĵɽʯסԼߵĽݣһ߰ͨɽ¡
ɽжʮɵķԲԪʮƫֻʧޣΡ
ڷ絲ģƫʦͽʳ޵ڡ
ɽһʯƷԭԪ۵ɽš
ɽŸһЩԫϱڣǼ֤ڹһС


2 Ԫ
Сһţͷһɺ
Ԫʱˡ
Сһʮˣ꿪ʼͱʦ¶⡶Ԫʼͱʦ룬Ҫ֮Ժиʦ˵ԪѵԪֻźŵӲſɴϰ
Сһ޲ꡣȴδ⹦к֮ѭʦôһֱա
ˣŶʦԣ֮Ժ㣬ڣ
СһҡҡͷǼˣ֮Ժȴˣ԰Ҳ
ÿ˯ǰϰһԪھ˱޵ĹΡ
ʦڵĵϢţСһƬ̺漴죬˫ֵڸǰ˸ӡ𹦷
ľԽϣˮȻסΣس˾
СһĬſھԪһǧ֣Ĺ졣ھֿɬѶʦҲǲˣο˼ҲϡͿһӡѵƣǳɵõ֮Ԫµӱ޹Ρûӣ£
ոһգ긴һ꣬ô֮иСһûеԼƮƮɻĲͬȴȻСһԼ֪˫ٽеġԼĺ㲻С˰ɣ
֪ûиϵСʱʦҩݹԵأ
ʦСһҲѧһԪһЩ֮Ϊ书
ʦһܾɵģйط顣ҲһЩԪɬѶĿھͼСһʱɵġ˼ҵĺʱǧԡ˵Ľһ鼮СһԴʶ𣬾ЩΪ顣
Сһʱʦѵ˵ʦ״֮ŵĹ֮⣬ƵѾСһԪ۶ʮһԴˡ
ΪʦҲΪԪ۵ĽСһѧԪĸֿھĻȻҲѧ˶ʶ֡Ƶйذ֮£һСʿ
ԪҲʦͽıһֶΡʦƵȥһЩаķҲ֪鲻顣ÿοʦʱڵӣСһԼˣЩӦúЧ
ԪֻԪ֮һһʦӲ壬СһΣСһ֪Ժıˡ·һֱ޲ߣÿƵСһʱ嶼ԸСһ޵ڴһ㣬һֳɵõ
ʦģµСһҲÿÿ¶Т˳һ档䲻ʦΪҪ˵ִţǽ˼ҵ׻׻̻ͷֻǣǸƵκԪʱлǶԴ˲ΪȻֻǵģԺʦˣԼµĹк壡
Ҳʦͽӹ࣬Ҳ˶ϵУҲʦһм֣ҲԼֻʦôһˡȵȵԭɣʹСһӻȴʧ񵭣ϻȴʧеϳɵζ
СһһԪھһھĹеһûаֶ̧ͷɫʱѹ㷭ţʯɫ£ӯһ㣬ĵԪۣȻſ
ʦȻȵĵѾ䵽˵ϡСһŰѵ¸ʦϣ˸תԼȥƵȴ˯ۣСһȥӰһ˿Ц⣬˫أɡ
Ԫᡣʦֽ֮ʦͽ˹ʦֻҪˣ洦԰ЪԴˣСһҲϰΪ
⣬ỹһõ᷿ʦͽỹ䣬еһСһľ
СһصԼСŻʯȼ͵ơǺɽͰƵģɽµԻ¬оɺɽĵоݴƣߺһ͵ƣСݲֻһľ齾ݶǽ÷ţһϯһһӶѡԻһľ䡣ǽϺ۵ĹһʦСһģơ˽ƵʮˣСһϰáʦͽŵʱϵʿŰѽҲÿСһţҲиͯģ
ŵЬӣѵľϣСһҲҪɽһˣɽ¬ûкóԵġʦľƿûˣҪҪȥʮ̫ƽΪʦơһԺֳӣ˯˹ȥ
գɣСһ߾ϤĻ
Сһˡ
֪ˣʦ
ʦСһӦţ˯ۣһµش·ȡǽϹҵı͵ƻҡڣæǰϨˣŹǷ߳ӡ
СӣÿζҪΪʦųٳ֪Ϊ֮ϰһյи
СһԺʦˬͥԺУ³ƮƮɷǵȡֻʦһŭη֮ģ˷֮⡣
Сһ۾Цʦڣᱹأ
ߣ컬ִ࣬أƵһ䣬ɫһů⡣


Сһ漴ݹ
֮ʱʦͽ˽ҲǶʦŴеһ־ء
УСһȥʣֳָֽֽḧʽʦͥԺ漴׷ɡ
Сһϰ׽ҲߡˡԪǰʽǷʽǷдأдʽ˵˽ֻǴδ˵ɹ
ӵһʽ޷磬ʽˮʽ޷壬ʽԳʽϬ£ʽʽ뺣ʽӵңСһһǳɡ漴ɫսȦ⡣
Ƶַ룬΢΢ףת˵ԪʮʽԪʦΪԪ۽ۻӲᴫÿһʽ嵽Ű仯ʽĵҲ졣֪һҪ뽣ϣϣ˽һ֮书չǧյսҲеԪֻп๦򻹲Уйھศɡֻϧǧ˿Բ͸ԪеʹҡԪͬһû꣬ͽһģʦҲʦ棬ɵ㣬ѱ书ķһ׿ԼӳԪڹķ㣬ֻǡ
ʦ˵˴СһҲ˵飬ʵֻʲôʦ
Ƶ˵СһҴ㽣һʮʽΪκʽɣΪʦҲɡ
СһǷ˵Ӳ֪ʦ󡣡

Ƶ̾Ϣһ˵Ԫ˴ʦһɼҽ֮ԪھԿɷɽУǧ֮ȡ׼ʽʦֻԪھʩչʶ㣬ԪˣԼΪʦңҲֻǽأȴ޴ʩչ
ʦԪĪ˽ɣ
۾СһϾǺɵɫҲѹСһɣʦᵽԪ۵ɣҲһ³ߣʼΪν̫Ʈ죬ĵǲЩġɽʦ֮ıԼÿľȻ˵ĽԪ۵ľ
ƶϤСһ˼Ƶ˵˽ΣǸɼұʱӣҲȥûӦĹͽö֮㽥û׽ˡʦ̫һΪʦŲûȥҲΪ˰룬ʮĹ򴴳һڹķʹԪǿʮ֮һ
СһʧĴͷʮ֮һʲôأ뽭ϵĸûȰ
ߣĪС׽ԭнһɵҲԾס
СһĲɵģƵѵһ䡣
ʦŭˣСһæ֣ͷЦʦԼǣϷģһúõ׽׽ɡʮɡ
СӣһҾˡ
Ƶɫת˵ҲһֱûһԵʡΪʦֻԪھջ񣬶Ҳǡ
ʦʧ飬СһȻͷ૵Сһܣˣ⡶Ԫûһ
԰գǰʦ䣬ŵʦСɫ˵ʦСһһֱʦңһھɸʦġ
Լ̫ƫִˣֺαؽԼһִʧ䣬ǿô׵ĺأŵϣüĿ֮ӢԣƵĸСһԴº͵Цɵӣʦǿˣ㻹ףʦأ
ʦ᳤ϵģ
ԵһΣΪʦѰһϧԵȻңһСһ飬գգ
ͨ벻ЦڳµԪ
Сһʰһ£Ϊʦɽһˡ̫ƽƹŮ£ʦͽȥֱˮƺȡ


3 ̫ƽ
̫ƽɽʮﴦһΪ̫ƽ
ӲСмٻ˼ҡֵʮֽ洩̫ƽļΪʮֽ֡ʮֶֽǧƷǼҰϵ꣬ϾǧԶ
գƷƹŮ£ǰص˲٣ǧƷٽһ϶ҺǰϢϲʮֽ֡
ǧƷǰӣǰһŰ˼ͥԺһĴԺ˷εʣһҲʡƷĻƺ͸̫ƽ¥ĳӣææžϯ
Ʒǰվһλֵˣɫ󣬴Ŷ룬ʮͣһɫ۹ϣ߶ƻµķⶼֱ¡ǾƷˣ¹ƹ
ƹվھƷǰͣĹ֣ЦݣӭǰĿˣЦеӲ
ʱƽ򱱱ߴҡҡλһһСʿǰϵʿͦأ˫֣縳Сʿಽű˫֣ǰһҡһڡ
˶ƵСһ
ʮ·ԶģʦͽƣҲ˽ʱ
ʱ֣ɹеȡʦͽһ·ʱˮδʦãȻֲ磬糾ӡСһȴǺ棬ӹ˺һˡ
㵽Ŷ
СһӲ˲ͷϵĺˮǰ̫ƽˣԽ־޶ԣԴĹԼˡ
ʦûСһСڵʱʦͽ㳤;ߣֹˣСһϰΪСԵʣʦҲӲ⣬˶ھͻгʦֲ֣ŵӵĽǡ
ֲת۶˾͵ǧƷǰƹˣæǰԭȽӲЦҲɳü۴ЦֵѽˣʧԶӭ
ƵҲ¶ֵЦݣֻһ
ƹףϵӦģһⱭˮơ
л죬룡ǺǣСһӸ˲١죡Ҳһͬ롭
ƹæù롣
ƹĴϲѽ
СһЦسƹȭʦԺȥ
ԺڶʮŷԶˣ˴˻ںţַǷʦͽ˱ƹԵֿϯϣŶæǰкˡ
СһƵûˣ簲˲յ㡣ʦһ˱裬ȲץϵĹӸ
һһ̹ӡյǣСһžöӵĶ治ˣҲ࣬Ź˵Ͽ˿ʦЦصһ˫ӣĴͥԺ
ԺĶƹԼַھӣںˮȺżʱĵ
СһһһҳţƹǰˡһλźµŮӣʮ߰ͣĸüĿܿεģֻŮüĿһ˿ɫһλӣʮͷͣŨüۣ㣬ĸߴ䣬һխ硣λӦ书֮ˡ
λ룡
ƹ񽫶쵽СһʦͽǰƵСһ˹ֵλǱ̫ƽھֵԬСͳͷͷֳλԪ۵ƵСһ
λæ̫ƽھԬλ
鳤룬ԬСԼӶ꣬΢΢׵̫ƽھֵġŶԬµǧȻ˵ĳ
Ԭüһ壬Աߵĳһۣ˻˸ԪƵĴ̫ƽû˲֪ģԷԼʱԼʶ̫ƽھֵͷҲ֡
СһʦϵģæվֵԪһ㣬λ
Ԭע⵽ƵԱһСʿ䲻һӣȴڳһĴģ¶Цݣ˵лСˡٽƵһԣǴСһԣƱ˹
ллСֵܰ
ϡֺذСһоͷ˸ȣһֽС
ʦ֣ϱûûصġ
ԱߵԬѵ
ǺǣǺǣԲסСֵܣ֮٣
캩Ц̧СһͷȥͻȻʲôæ˻
ųֱˬģСһо׽Ȥ书һܸ߰ɣƸƵģû˸㽻ֵģٺ١
ҪԿ䣬̧ͷʦԬһۣһɤһӵ࣬СֵܵģӦö书΢ĩ뽭һԶ
ԬʦһյĴçϰԣ뵽ʲô£Ҳ΢̾һ
СһʦĬԬ복ֵͷ̾ȴֲÿѯʣҲĳƺ«ֻʣһ˫۾ת
ͬһۣʮ꣬ӲߣǿģĴк˵ģƹĶӣࡣ
ǸżưŲȵģӦ̫ƽ¥˷÷ͷ
һ£ֳҡͷԵ̫ƽ¥ٶң÷ġ
÷һ̫ƽǮׯׯļλƹ
λƹΧ÷˵ԺӣҲ֪ЩʲôʱʱŤͷ͵͵СһһСһԷڿԼʦǽ۹Ԭͳ˵ϡֻǶأԴλ벻⡣
ʱѵϲը죬翪ʼһʱ֮䣬ͥԺｻɷ֡
СһҲ˦ӿƵƵǻزɣƽʱҲֻªͼѵкóԵģʦͽҲûɶɶɶɶ
ֻͷȾƣԬǶžƱСλ֪ڳ˼ʲôһˣֻƵʦͽ˰㣬Ժȵˬ졣
ͷһӷݵСһһƬϲæ̧ͷ
һ긾˻ﱧӤͥԺΧһţƿšСһŤͷʦѻعȵΣģʦþȴʳӦþ㷹ˡԬͳҲ±յصȺ
һȺƹСһ
ƵµŮϸһ
ƹæԼϰ黳ӤƵԬͳܡ
Сһվʦ
ƹǣϵһơ
ƵվϸӤһᣬȻüͷһչЦǺǳƹ˵޷ǰ·̫ƽƹѯʹϵŮ£ϵӦʱƹһ̫ƽӿٵķӡϵȻˣƹλ԰꣡
ƹɫȻ
Ƶ鳤룬ƹ񣬻īźϺɰֽ
СһҲ쳤ӳһۣһСС˶ϸɫƣ۾ɵðС
ƹæԤת۹һͱīɰ͵ǰƵһ䣬һָʣմɰĬдʣɷڻֽϻȻһֻʣ˼˸ҩֽҩƹ˵ֱΪɱܷȥа̩Сƽ֮ЧһԡʮζҩˮÿСԡвѪǿ֮Ч
ƹϲ⣬æͣлƹķˣҲһϲɫΧ۵ޣͷӶ׷ɵĹ¡СһҲһİȻΩƵɫݡ
ллеŮĳȫ֮ҡ𡭡
Ǻǣˣƹˣ֮ͰˡƵ΢΢ҡͷܡ
ôأƹż
̳ʣɰֽϵɡʦͽѾ㷹ͻɽˡƵɵ˵
ҲգĳӵԸ̳ѲϾߣźţ
ƹæкæ
Сһʦ߳Ʒ⣬һѾͣſڡ
ʦͽ˴ǱͿ͵ƹӣСһʦԼϳͷϳĳʽϲȥ벽ˣϿ羰أ
ϳλغʵ꺺ӣƥŻúöСʿЦԼһЦЦǴк̡
תǰС
Сһشűã
ӻûʮֱֵֽĽֿڣС


4 ̫ƽھ
СһЩ죬óͣ³һԬ복ҴҴӺ
Щ⣬Сһʲôأβڵʦһ
ԬһǸ⣬ųڵƵʩž֮˶ӣڴµݣ
ƵһеԬº˵޷ģʲôֱ˵
ˡСŮð֪ܲƲ̫ƽھ˵ɫЩԬдųɡ
Ƶ˶Էһۣ׵ǰ·
û뵽Ƶ˵Ԭ̾ϲõģлˣ
ԬĳҲ¶ϲɫݺݵĴ˴˫֣Գ򺰵֪̫ƽھְɣѳӸϹȥ
Ǻǣ̫ƽСҲ֪ھֵĴšͷĺˡˬӦһ
һУСһҲڳͷ복һʦԬͳһ̫ƽھȥ
̫ƽھʮֵֽͷ·
ھֵԣһʯʨŭĿԲܵ£̫ƽھĸɫ֡ǰŸɸߵˣ˵ĶˣƮź׽֡ɫ̱ߵ̫ƽ졣߸żԻʯԼ˩׮ھ͸ɡ
ǰԬͳǰҪƵ³û뵽ƵƿˣԼ³ᡣСһں͵Цʦֻһ˲ġְԵ
ھִŶӭһλ׳ʵ꺺ӣףƲ
Ԭͳǰ
常ͷ
ԭλԬ常ھָͷԬ䡣
ԬƵСһλʿɫ£ĿԬæȥС˵˼䡣
Ԭ漴һȻ״æȭƵϡͣԬĳ죬ܡŷ˰һ˵Ԭĳڴлˣ
һ˵ȻԬ³Ҳʧ
Ƶҡҡͷ˵ͷףϵԬҲ֪Ȼġ
˵˵ò衣Ԭæ
СһʦԬһھֿһͥԺԺӿȴǿյûʲôˡԺӵԷֱڷһЩʯһĶԺҲھֵ䳡ͷһνھ֣СһĿ͸ź档
ԬƵʦͽλԬ˷ϲյʾ⳵Ԭһ£ʦͽȭġ
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ϸ£ھֽӵݳسھֵһ⣬תһﾭƽءֻҪ̫ƽھֽƽ;ƽأת˵ǵھＴɡû뵽ǡǰھֻͻﾭ̫ƽɽﴦĺڷʱ⡣
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ʦͷˣɽҲԬһ˦ֵ壬漴ڣͷԬ±˻
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©꣬Ҳǳ˵ĻСڵĻڷںҲھǱôȥھֶס
ǧƷŮ¾ƵʱԬȥһΧһ𣬸żҲǸӡԬȰ˵ԬóԼȥһˣȴδ뵽ھ֮ƵԬԷʶԼҲʮԪУλƵֵ֤˵ɰĹƵκøױ˺ܴ
˶࣬ԬÿڣβƵʦͽѶھ֣岻֪飬ԬҴ˵ԭίԬһУ㽫ǰ飬Ե˵һ
һԬһ˵СһҲǺһ¾µĺġ
Ԭû֪ɷΪֳһ
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˱ãֻҪϵϳʩȣǶԬң̫ƽھֵĪݣԬĳлϵˣ
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Ԭǰ·ƵСһԬͳһԺ䡣ֻԺվˣһ̬࣬뺷ȴǡԬһеĵæóǰ
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ԬǰŸ˵ֱۣףֻţԪ۵ƵǰΪƵġ
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ƵȻһЦ˵޷ϵڣλ԰꣡
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ԬæǰæԬȥƵԸȲ֮ϡ
ΪϵڳһʩչĵطƵԸ
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ԬɫĿǰˣʵ
Ԭϲô˯ˣ׺ھֵ˵ĻˡҿƵҽΣת˵Ԭ¿ǰվƵСһ
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ͷͺãΪ㿪˵ķӣһʱվͻȬġ
ûˣȿȣ˴Ԭĳ˵Σȿȣǰ͵õݣԬҿνɽԺвǲԬĳ岻ݴǣȿȡȿȣ
СһԺԲ²⣬ԬӦǶǰͱʦιͷҪʦ⾿ôһ¡
ͷˣ԰õͷҲһ£ͷ޴󰭣ǰΪҪ
Ƶһ漴Ҫֽʣ˸²ķӣԬˣмɻ֮ҩ˻βܱ걾ΡȻСһھ˵Ԫ۸ȥ
ѹ磬СһڳͷųڵʦһѰֿ˻ǧƷƹ񲻽̳ƣһ׺ΰͣһȺͰ⡣ھ͵İ˼ЬӣӲ˰ͷʦǸʩͼˣЩҲʦͽάƵı֮
СһĵǣԺܳʦͽĳԺȲˡ
뵽˴Сһֳ


5 ҹɫ
ҹԪۡ
ʦͽðСһʦڵ͵ơ
Ƶڴ棬ͬªĿ
СһյǰѰ˸ʦĶ档
ʦҼǵԪûеѨĹ򰡣ѵԪҲڵѨ棿
ŶСһҲˣüʶ£Ƶ۾Цһ䡣
ٺ٣ǣҲСһ˭СһʦĺõӣԪ۶ʮһأʦ²Сһæɵ˵
ǺǣСӣƤƵҲЦݣһǰĸģ
Сһֻ֪Ҫʦͽ˵һʦӺºͣ⡣ʱСһ˵˵Цȫյϡֻʦ˵ʱǲϵ³̬ͦε̵񣬲ŻСһеʱʦһһɽĲ԰أµȴɣСһΨһ
Сһ̽ѰרעĿ⣬Ƶο֪СһʴӱӴСС͸Լ˲ٵĿ࣬ȴƱԡеƤöЩһʮĺ˵ҲƽԪ۵ԺиһӣƵһ˵ĿɬΡ
ԼСһδûԵʡʮ䳤ͬһ飬ȴʵڵġҲƵϻοĵطֻһ޵޳ɣԪȴһľ˵ûźǼٵġ׷Ѱһôأ
ӻһԸǰԼһ֪ѧܴڸСһҲСһԺ·һЩԪԺСһԺһ·Լ뿪ʱΪСһĽһЩģһЩΣ
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ƵͣСһ״ȻЦ𼱣Ϊʦ˵
ţСһ֪ģʦ˵СһԾӦ
һĺ棬г֮˵ʦ˵Ե̳Զ֮ңĴ󺣱ߣɳ۵ˡʦ϶һԵΪͽ˭֪˸Ҳˡ
˵˴Ƶ˼״ȴбСһСһʦ۾ϴæʦͷ˸ƵݸһЦų룬˵
λ˵ֻһλߣˡҲû˴ڡʦĵҪΪʦԱ֮ȴ˵ʦûɸ޴˻Եʦʲôɸ˵ػ磬У֮Ϊɸɸ֮ˣδһ˻شʦĻ󣬾ȥ
аһûо
ź룬ƻĹâ˸žԪУֻͳƳ
ʦԪ۵ɷУȴţвʰȻĴѰûԵľӪѾûԪۡΪԪ۵ĴУΪͽҲĽʦһ۷ѧҲͬɼҹԲѣʦһصԪۡʦұʦһ㣬ηõʮ갡˶ٷ꣬գ
ΪʦΪҲϰһĹ֮᪻ԽֲʩչĵѨҲ֪һѨҪרŵĵѨСԪ۽ף·׼ѨѨ˿ڽĵѨַ
ǰ·ܴ̫ƽھԬ£ΪˡʱǵˣΪʦܵˡھѾҩΪѪ̱Ѫأ˻˯ѡھѨλѪƻѨؿѪųϢͨްȻҲתˡ
徭Ѩλҽ羭ͨģԷھһѨλϣҲνĵѨ˵ɾˣҲɱˣ
˴Сһͷʦ˵еƩԺѨزͬҲͬͬЧػ֮£ǿ˼̱ġ
ʮǰ˾⣬֮ҲִšѸߣлԵҲΪʱתԪۡ·ƽ򸽽ɽɽбĸĸ
˵˴Ƶɫ
СһԾʦʦô˵ЩǵԭԼʹʦʦԸ˵֮ûʦǰڡʦôˣ
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ƵСһԴ
㸸ֿɽƽ򸽽һСĴӦûһ壬㸸ĸиңұԪۡ
ǡҸĸʱôģҸĸɽģСһɫе԰ף֧ʵ
֪֪ЩԺԼȥѯɣˣʦ뷦ˣҲȥĹˡƵ˷ӣͬһ⣬ԲͷСһ
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ҡҡԴ˼׿Сһ۾֪ΪΣԼһ˿ΪԼѾĵ𣿳ʮ꣬ĸģģҲǳУȻĪı͵ʧ䣬һ飬Ҳ塢͸ֻһѪǣɣ
ʦΨһˣ
ܷɶðһ㡭
СһҲʦ˵ֿңصΡЩԭɣʲôԼͷĲأ

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ŵϻ˯ˣ˵λǮǮ˵ʲôǽɵʲô֣˵ʲôһء
һǰϧ̫ƽھַڡߺߣãȻ̫ƽھֵԬһġȥʲô󣿲ʲôɣҡ˵ţɫв¶һ˿ɵ
磡͵Ļ﾿ʲôΣֵ׺һǰŵĪĺô
һĺʵһֵܣڷկңǮ
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ٺ٣ҵģ˵ɣԲЦ
ɽկ̽ڣǽһɴڹһʯġʯʲôв֪֪ΪβԼѺͣȴͨھڡ׺λǮŵֻҪǰʯģԻв׺Ӧ³ɹǿԳΪ׺һÿڡ󵱼ҵڷõӴܲ׺ӻ
ӦǿԻʮĳ𡣵Ǳȫܣºǲ׺ﲻϴ£Һڷկ
ģǰڽˣǮȴҲ˸׺ﴫšһʯͷҲܵ԰Ǯš
ߣһʱϣӦ˴¡Ǯɽɽ¼оΣȻ鲻֪ʱ޷׺ԬҲھƴѵҪǧ̫ƽɽɽ𣿡һѺݺڽεķϣһްûڵ˵
ԬûҡԴ
ʲôô֪һɫ𺣬ʡ
Ӹ£ֵ˵ղɽµĵַ˵̫ƽھֵԬ±˾ˣûü󵱼ҵ󵱼ҵˡˡ
СģһĺһԬµҲأû˵̫ƽʲôаȻһгüͷ˵ϵĵһۡ
󵱼ҵģ
鼱תæżЦǰһ˵˵Ԫ۵ϵʿ־ȵģһ۾עԼֺ˵˵ϵʿȴһֹ˵ҽοǵоһһСʦͽƽʱ̫עĿⶼֵǷĴ̽ġ
һվá


6 С
ɽȣ˶Ҳ籡˲ɴ
֪ΪʲôʦûԼСһҲû⣬ܵԺ⣬ʽԪһ顣δ֮£ԺʽʽУȴβ޴ʩչֻһʽĽͼףвʵա
꽣СһˮĨ˰ܽԼСݣѽ¹ǽϡԵĴŲСһڵһ߼СżһС
ʦͽֵǮļҵСһʮԺʦͰЩСһˡƽҲʱЩжʧСһĲôСɽʲôҲû˻ע⺮ªСݵ»ᰵΪˣСһԵ˺һӡ
СһȡԼʮӴڻְľ棬ȻİϵĻҳصԺʦȻûʲôһСɽ±ȥ
˶ɽţ೤ɽ·СһȽ죬Ĺ㱼ɽ£תѾбɽţֱɽȥ
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¬һɽңӹȴҲͬƶСһʦͽͷ¬Ӽðһ£ҲӦ֮塣
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Сһе㰮֣СϰԾԡ¬˵Ĵлл¬ˣҲлл¬ˣ
˵꣬ϲٴδСúɫӲľƣСɾ¡СһǰиԲ¹ָ;ʮ㣬ǽŲԲֱһ˹ҡ¬׼ˣСһ˵ľϵƤм֦ʸСһȥһ
Сһﻹ͵סӣǸͬɵƤңʮ֦ʸæһңʲôƵģѻﴧӷڵϣ¬˵¬壬ȥһȦʦӡ˵žȥ
¬һСӣæ˵ʹð
⣬һҲӡʮӶƶ˼˵һ˲õĲƸ֪Ƶʦͽ¬¶Էôӡ
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Сһﻹüգ۹򣬾Զˡ
СһԶȥıӰ¬Цҡҡͷ
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ͨɽСţɽ̣ڶ࣬Сֵĺȥ
Сһ¹Ƥȡһ֧üСǾֵļߣ⣬ޱȡǺֵ¬ãǺǣͲ֪СΡ
еССһɽԼʮԶɣ۶ֻءһ죬ߡಡһ˳ȥӡһШɡ
ǺǣԶСһǰľ֡̾СҲеźϵ׼ͷγߣԼƽʱɽȥ


7 
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СһСüĿβסϲ飬֪䣬һƬյء
յصҲ࣬һûҰݴʱʱֵСͨɽȵԶ̫ƽɽǧ﷽Բڡ
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˱Сãǵһµףͣ۾һУ̾ϡ°֮䣬صĲͬ羰컯棡
ССһǰȥڴиǰȴԼŵͷδջأסһѸٴĿֻɽƬư֮䣬֮ɫ
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һֻϺɫ״شԾһֻڴֵ߽׷šСӯһԾ´֦ϣĻεڡǿɣͷµ£·ػԼϳ㣬ڶš
׷𣬲Ƿڶ̶̵˲䡣Сһͷʹ澭Ҳͷ߰ɴôݶյһ
ЩɶôĸӣһͿɶӣɣŲɵⲻǿ
СһĥţСԾ̧һƲ߶ţԵͷһȣһ۶
ʸءһȥԼꡱһֻ߼ߴƮƮҡҡƬҶ䣬֮ѪҺɽĹһֻعƽ
Сһܣһʱûʲô
ûжѵԼСδأӦû׼ͷɣѵʦ˵֮ʣСһ֮
ԭǻٴ̧ͷȥСһȷϴˣСҲûӰ
Сһе㷸ˣ¬ͺˣƤߵǿԻǮģ߱߶ϣߣҲȡ۵ǣʮּ֦ߣһ֦ûһ֦Ŷ㹦򣬾Ͷһ֦ϣԿò񲻼ˣ
УСһľ뿪취
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Сһ˼׳٣üϵļУ˺һṦŽ֮󣬽ӣһͷ˩һСʯͷȻΪڴı٣һ۸߸ߵڡ
ھ߰ɸߡԼƽʱȭͷСʯͷӸһʮԶأ
ִ³Сһ߬һͷʯͷֱʯͷ͵һӡûʯͷٲŷɵһ봦͵ŵµһףһԣ㱻ټʯͷҵϡ
˼ΣȻˡ׳ʪټʯͷһȭͷʯͷ֪˼СһǲһЩ
ۺֹס˷ݵͷĥһ󣬱ȲȥЩϸһ١
СһվҴߵ棬޺޵ĳ˿ĭӣһʮɵ١Щٱԭȵϸ࣬Ҳࡣ˩ʯͷһȦ׼Ϸˡһ˳ȥȭͷСʯͷϷȥԽ߸ߵڣѾʯͷ£˼Ѳͣ

Сһüɫ裬Ц˻ǰ˳ٿܽʵ
¹Ƥҷһԣʰһ£еˣ˿ĭק٣ŵ±ڣȥ
СһСᣬ˫۵Ҳȳ˲١յĹͽӽڣϸһƣֻߵȻϣ̣ϴͷһţּǶ벱Ӷϡ
Ҳ浹ùСһһ󣬾ʹ㽫߶ߴ硣
һսһ־ȥȡʸ߬ٵ͵һɣСһһãٳŲסˣҪϣ
Сһżȥȴ¼±ڣȻ͵һܣ˫ֽסɣҲ漴ѻȥ룬˳һգ̧ȾͲɣʹһ֮ϡ
ǴϢĹ򣬳ô״Сһü˿ְؿڣ֮ͨͨ죬ʪģһĨͷǺˮ
Сһ¿ȥͷ²ѡĸߴ䣬ʦŹ֡ԣʦҲˣ
ת۾Щ
СһµϣŤġģƨ棬е}ûš
̲סĴߡףͷˣβأ
Ŀѭߵ壬Сһȥ
תʱɴ۾


8 ӿ
תСһĿɿڴ
βˣˣ󼸳ߵĳСһĿֱԹֻ״ӳ£иһ˸ߵĶڳǰ
߻жأСһšֻɽегûĶ
Ǽqţᣬ֪δƮһ˿㡣
СžͺˣҲļһӦûʲôɣ뵽˴ٳɣ˶ڡ
ʯȻγɣ㵽˾ͷҴһ£Ҳ໹һڡСһ߹ȥ̽ͷĿһһɴСʯңԵۼ߰ǱȽ¸߳һߵģʯ齣ռʯһĵط
ƽ̹ʯһ¡𣬺ʲôͷһ£ûʲô쳣Сһ಻סĵĺ棬ʯ߽
ȥϸƣСһһһؿڣҡҡͷ龪һ
ٴĿȥСһĵɴ۾ֻʯϣһѾ಻ĹǺԼֺѾ˳״ǺѾȥþˣСһҲ֪˭ôôεɽҲԼģأﵹһƧڣǻ֪
ޣСһֿʼ˼
жǺԣһССĽҡ
Сһϸϸһʯг˹Ǻ˳ʯңصߵɽŶڵĹĽҾǰϸꡣ
ưСĽң֪ʲôɡɫƵн˿ݺᣬתңзһĹ⻪
ҵĴڱһϸϸ˿дСһԣдۣͬ򲻿˿ģģҲװʲô
Сһĥһᣬ⣬о⾫ϸĶһ㴧뻳
˺֣Ҳ֪ΪڴˣôССĽңװʲôȤˣ˼ʸôȥɣԼûǰɣԴϷɹ߰ɸأǲˡ
Сһڣһߣڴ֣ԼɳϸƬŹϡﵽڵϣ֣̽ץʸγӵɽȻϽ⿪δԸȥת˲дۡһ졣
֣Сһڣ任š
ôȥأֻ֪ϸһ٣ҲýʵһİԼĴⰡ
СһԹ԰šСĹһûţһͣپ֫ƣڸӡࡱһ졣
ҪǿȥӦûɽ¬Ұɽ˰ɣζСһǲһл
һǼƮζ𣿲ԣζеϤ
Сһ˻ԴȻʱᵽζԣζӵŨסĳһڣζ֫ٺƣĸоҲûˡ
Сһɵ⶯űӣѰζζڽǰѵǰ״۴״
ȴֵεĴ±ɽķ϶֦ŶڣŨܵҶӱ䡣Ũҵ֦ҶСһƮ
æСϣվӣСһְο֦Ҷ򿿽ϷŨҴѰȥһŴûĴָСϺĹӳǰ
ǰ֦ܵҶڸ£Сһûעʲôأ
ζ£Сһ½ɵ촽һ̰ԵСƢԡ
ժ¹Сһ̰Ĳļ֦ѰֻһСĹӣԷɫĺӣɫĹʱûȤȲĻص¡
ָŹӾٵǰֻɫϺԲӭŹʯӾӨ͸һСһİɫڹŨҵ˱Ƕֱ͸θ
ĹһóԣˣȳСһšͷŹһ¡
ٺ٣
СһΪԼСĸеЦѹӷߣߵûڼûζһĹһŨ˲˳ź븹С
ӣСһа⣬Ӻ֣תۼ䣬һůڣůһһظȼճײҵĻͬһĴ˺ҧȥ
֮һը졣
ˡɶĹӣԼ
Һһţظ˺һʹСһĿŤ¡
ţСһҧأбڵĻײĸΪͣš˺ҧÿһϵÿһͷ
ܵʹСһѣҲԺˡ
ԼҪʦ֪ԼҲһѳԼҲҪԪھԪھԪھľԽϣˮԺУ૵ϤĿھСһ˹ȥ
УСһеԼ뿪壬ԵĿʹҲԶȥ


9 
˶£ï֦Ҷеɽڣһȶ
˫ĿգСʱɷףʱ죬ܲĺתڻһ֮ȫֹ֪ǹ֮ãǶ̶̵һ˲СһоԼ˹
ɽȻʣһֻּʸԼ߲ԶϷ϶¼бڶڣŨ֦ܵпܵڣδĹ϶һ˿ԼϢ
ٿ䣬СһصԼϡ˫üʹˡ
۾еǹ˲֬ġ
ǰ˵ԶɹʱȶɡľУҶţĿԲʮ֮ڣ·ֻҪԼԸ⣬ÿһҳɱ棬ÿһ˿綯ӲԼĲ
ľ̥һСһš
зһУСһ˸ս
ͷ岻һڻ֬һգͣԼСһԼع
ղôһأԼԼѵһΣСһת¶֮һС
۾΢գһ״Լо˫ü֮䣬ӡ֮һСĹ漴ƽϢγһ˿Χȥ
ɽһо۵ףʯҲȥǺǣ档ŲҶеĹӱԼϸƬƬ̴ҶСһĸԶȴȻһͷΣ֧֮С
üһСһջ鿴ĸȻ𡣻Ĺ÷Ө׵ĹʵľڸµﴦһСС뵣˿˿ϵȫ
⡭ʦ˵ڹеġӡԼΨһĹֻСԪھѵǡСһæֽӡĬԪھھķϢ
˰޶ԪھСһϢ£ڷӿˣ
Сһ֮ܵһ˿޵鶯֫ٺÿһëףڣ뵤ﴦţ˳žӿȫ츴ʼͣ
СһϲĪԪھһ֮󰡣
Ԫǧ˲͸ԪھȻԼһɡ˵ĶȻ٣Щɵˣ
ֹͣ˴ͰţСϣһ˫۾⻪͸ϲáСһоԼڳ·һȭԴһƥҰǣżһ㣬Գȥ
ٴϲĸڷ츲صľޱ䣬ͷţڶ⡭
ͻȻСһɫһӻͳʯҹǺԼǸɵĽոպ񿴵ʲôָоˡ
˶Сһһ£ϡһɵĿռСһԺУһɴСصؼ䣬żƷСܶİɫƬССƿһ߳ССӣ⻹мžӨСʯͷ
Ӷô£СһࡣȶС£ùһ¡룬СͻȻ
ǱһžȣССʽɫֳأ뽣Ȼһ塣βɷǺÿȴûС״Ƕһűʯ״Բ飬ͬ۾
Сһҡҡͷо⽣е㻪ȴʵãпڶûУҰɽƤõģСŻȥ
С˵ȥСȥ˵˼飬СһҲͬ߶˼飬СûղŶôˣ˼һ£ף·ʲô
³СңһСʧˡСһ۾һæʼʩСڽǻɵĿռ
ԭ˰ϲԽ֮£Сһ˼Ρ
ֻСһɽһֺǺǵƤģСһһʧӰ١һᣬְѽʣµĶȡ˳
ֻƿһֻϸ񡰽ⶾС֣ҩ裬ӦÿԽⶾģһֻװˮ֪ʲôô
Сһƿһö廬Ǹʲôõأĥţɽ

һƪƪСһԺԭְСһ̾ѣæϸе
ڵ֣ýСһٴʧ
еöһöΪӼǡΪԪԪ˶ʱȤźͼ¼
Ӽǡﻹ˵̳Ĵ֮⣬ʿڣɵԼɡЩߵΪвͬĻֱ֣Ϊ𵤡߿ɳٰꣻ߿жٶ٣һңܣԪɴꡣ֮ϻԪӤڣǧԪеһɽĴͨ
ӼǡʹõʯͷҲ漰˷󷨡ҩԼȵȡ⣬¼һЩš


10 Ԫʦ
СһĳҡӼǡ˵Ǵһ֮ţչֳһ硣
ӡӼǡУСһ֪ǸССңʿõġǬΪϡȱƶɵģɽǬʿʶײٿأСһף󵽾ʯԿһװ֮
ĸоΪʿеʶӡú綹ĹţʶΪߣͷһʶɴ
ǿĵ𾪣һö򡣴Ϊٲݻ׫Ͼ¼Ķ࣬ԴСһϤ׼Ĳҩҩ鼰ҩЧá¾δģ潲һЩŵرл滭εĸʽҩݣһ׸ͬݡͬò֮ͬҩԡٲݻ׫󻹸¼ϸ־ЩӦԪѼɡ
һոµһţ仹δĽ룬֮Ѿ𺳲Сһ
Сһ˿ö
ػ磬˵֮һһ֮νɡߣҲߣҲ±ֶΪˣڤоǾ
޶ֹ꣬ڴˡѣĪաԪ
ɡ
Сһסˣ
Ԫʢû֮ԵɣԪ˷֮գһУȥ
Ԫڶ֮ʱԵɺϡѾ֮£ĹУһлС
λԪ۵ʦԿ޶ٶ꣬ͻƵڣ֮Ա
Ԫڣȣ
Ԫ˲֪ι뿪˴ģˣ̫ƽɽ˶ɽºֲϾ
Ͼɵ˵ϾֻöӡڴУʿʳ֮ƾΪس֮ܡʳ֮зëϴ衢̥֮Чϰ֮ʳ֮ɹ̱ԪƾӹϾҩศɵҩͻΪ鵤ҩ
ΪػϾ봫ӴԺԪ˱˶ͽԪڴˡ
ԪΪϾΪֻδȵĽ֮գԪľźڴˡû뵽ǣϾɿ죬Ҫǧ֮á
˴Сһ겻ֹԼı仯ʳǿϾԵʡ
СС͵ڶ̶ʱڣ·Ҳǧµϴ񡣶֮·ļѣһģ֪ѵ֮Уһֳء
ɡУûУԪ˻Ǽ֮٣ν⣿

棬Ԫ˶ԼµƷ˱ע
ԪΪԪڴĹѼɾԷõķ֮ɽ÷֮ƷԪڣ˵ķԪһԪΪɴС
ǱСС죬ԪڶлùʱһȡģξΣ֮С
СΪһ죬Ԫ˳֮дá
֮¼˼СֱΪ硢֮
ԪԣѣӤڼ裬ÿߣһɷһֽӦɽǴԵߣҲŻߣԵҲҲ֮֮֮֮ΪвΪ˳ȡҲƬˡ
СһԭǼСʯͷʯΪ߲׵ıҳ׼һá
־һᣬǰԪµһУĬȻʯеźһʦԪˡ֪ʦ֪Щθأ
ˣ
Сһ뵽ʦЩ񡣲֪ȥˣʦԼɽżʦʹһǶ㲻ˡԸɽеһʵʦܽ
뵽˴Сһæվصʯʯ齹ĿĸͷΪҪһͷġԪʦźʦֻ֮صǰԪµƷԼʸջǬ˿дùڲϣɶǱ
Сһ˰ؿڣͷȥŶ͵ɽڣüͷ壬һҪ취ɽȥȥǲУ߰أ̫ˡڵĴϣԼҲ󰡣
취ɫСһʱӦδʱѹڶڴתԼṦаҪУߵɽʲôѽ뵽͵һԴѽﲻһʲôֺṦҲ࣬һԵġ
Сһæȡ򣬽ʶҵ
ֿھ־֣աھֻж̶̵䣬ϸϸ˼ˡмʽ־ԺУȻ˫ʾ˼顣
ΪˣСһдʣ˫ּ־ɿ߳һﻹΪȻܼ򵥰
Ҳûʲô仯Сһͷ룬ɲҾðʧȥ˭֪鲻顣
԰ȻǷȻ׾Ϳɻʲô˶ʩչġԼϸϸһԼû
ޣѵģ
СһϢתһ΢ůӵֱ۾ָӿ漴趯˫ִ־ֻǰӡһָڡ
ʱһӯƮݵĸܳСһ壬еƮƮģʧȥ˽
һϲٳɣСһżǰһܣһ㣬Ѹ򶴿ڸƮȥٽңż⼲㣬һŤҶ㣬ȥ


11 
һԪɽǰ
һжʮԪɽǰ˸壬Я
ͷһ׳ӣĿ࣬ݺһק߸ǰ㡢ͷ˻
ޣģһϵֵүǰ
ϵĺӶݺݵһڣ׺ǳһҰϵʿȥ
ϵʿȥ˸ţ׷ʰ׼ɽ
ԱһλݺӼ״ɫ˵ҵģʱ󵱼ҵĽġһ˵ţһСĿ˶Էһۣųɵ˵󵱼ҵ˼˵Ҫϵʿȥǰȥ
˵ʲô۾һɣҪǺӳȥ
Ǻ¶ɫæȥüۼЦݣ˫ֻͷ˵飡飡¶죡
СǷĶҼ״ջƵֱۣм
绹ʲô׺˵ȥģǲ۵ֶ𣬴ȥ𴦣һĺȾơǮǣ
ҵҡԴһ¸첲˵˿ƥʣµģɽ˵ųбҵĳͷɽϱȥ
˴С󡭡
Сһڵ棬̧ͷͷɽ֦ڵʵʵûһ˿ĺۼ
±ԵĿյϣߵ̳һţСһᣬСǬһתѵ⡭
һСһɽǰɽǰɢһȺƥĿƵӡ
״Сһĵһ֮ж
ڷկڴ£СҪģһȥӳǰ
Сһнǣ¸ͣתһΣԽɽɽϼżƵ㣬ӭչͬһֻ˳ʯϷȥ
ףСҪģ˸ṦɽĿɿڴ

˶ԪС
Ƶڴ֮ǰǰΧһȺֱֳĺӡ
ϵʿүү˺ڷկǮҲ¸£˵үͷɣǮֳֳ˸ŵЦ
Ƶֹˮۺ룬۾΢ա˵Ŷ֪ԪΪ£
ףģϵʿС
ǮԼĶûŵƵ۾ݺһɣϵʿҼҴ룬Թɽȥڷկһ⡣ȻӰˣϹͷܲˣ¸£
һ˸Цš
Ƶĳüһ۾ɫĮĿŶԷڵռɽΪǿһϵжš֮£ǷǷжϵ˾ʮأһ󣬲ηаߣĪǻȣ
˵գһ˦һϵ˥ԶУλذɣ
ʶôϵҪǮɫ˶еĸֵֵǣҰϼһ˴ߣаٶ·Ҫأ
ҲֲֵˣǮвޣֹһ䡣
ӦһӶƵȥ
ƵͥԺһۣ̾˿²һɽָ罣ԷҸµȥ
ϣ˲Һһήڵء
ףģϵе㹦򰡣Ǯһ֮û֮ǣϵɱˣ漴˫׹⺰Ҳϣ
ǰǸ໰ݺӼ״ҡͷϵһˡˣʲôôΣȴҲҶ죬űǰΧȥ
Ԫڣһʱ֮䵶˸
Ǯһѳ磬ƴƵŲƣָʩչԪͥŲһ㡣
ɽ裬ÿÿʧ֮壬Ƶ߲
Щɽ굶ͷѪһաͻƵֻǮһƵζƵմߣʹƵ޷ʩչָѨ
ɽף󵱼ҵֻҪϵȥΪβǰϵһɱˣһ˿ɾͰˡ
Ҳ¶ҷ𣬱Ͼ˵ǰźǰλ˵ͷֻŸϵôһƷͷˡҪǶһɱϵֵ֮飬Ҳɡ
˫һʱ
ƵֿȭʮΧסҪܶԷơɱضˣЩϣ˵Եһ׼ˡһĹ޽Ѿˮ²ҲϢңʼ硣
Ǯ״ǹһ˿Ц󵶸ǵƲˣơ
ƵĻŭȼжûжˣһ̶粨ҲãڽҲգ꣬Ҳɹ̲ûȴһȺС衣
ĿţһתԪתǮһһԳֵΧĶȥ
⧲һ˱ƵָͻѨһҺȥ˫ֻźۿһ˼ãתȥƵĿָӰУɿһָţҺһ˵ڵء
жˣƵ鸡֣ˮʪ͸һ˿졣ϵʿɱҲΣȥԼҪ־ܣֻԼĴɱµĳһЩ
µͬѾȫޣɽҲһҡǮ߳ŭȴ˴һķԸĿ壬źХƵ俳ȥ
˺ƵϢ֮ʱ󵶷ϮܽǵǹĹâ޶֮֮סһ´תұۣƣ߾ȫڽԼĵȥ
ʯ֮䣬ءһƵȫһƻڵ֮ϡ
RॡһΪءǮ֣͵ĺ˼վסŷֱۣŻѾѳѪ˿
ϣҵְһҧӣǮݺݳ˿ݶһ˿ļ£ŵϵĶϵ
ƵҲ羢еĲɣβѪӿɫɫ
ϵƣ㵱үүͷǰ׸ģ
ǮһɽĴ󵶣ſŭһɽ֮Ҳ׷׽ţƵΧڵ䡣
ƵҰ׵뷢֪ںʱѩһƬԨɫ͸žȻ֮⣬һϵһδ֤ȴҲ깶˽ꡣزʣҽΪÿ䣬֪˴ˡȴ޹ϵԪˣơϵɱ֮ˣȴǲɱ֮ΩľȲɱʹ죡Ҳö֮ʶϵֶΣ
Ƶϵ͸ɱ⣬ɫ뷢΢һ˫ĿɷΣɰذƱˡ
Ƶɽƴ֮£Ѹ֧Ԫ޶࣬ŲСһȻȻ޷ˡɽӦֲ飬겻δĴ֮ӣΩƴΪûԪۺСһһˡ
ɽǼʶˣﵥûϵĶ֣ǶҲСϵʿҪƴˣδ㷡
˵ӣǮˡһĴ󵶣ҧгݵĽеģүүˣϵүүģޣĶСүүǴϵ˫ȣүүƴүүҪүү˶۸ϵˣ۸Ԫˣ
һɽǮ֮£񣬴
ڴʱһӰ漴žһĶ
ϣ˭Ҵҡ


12 ǿ
һ죬ɽֻǰһæѭȥֻҵڰš֮һӰжһʮĺӡСģһ岻ʮһСҪģ
ɽСһɽƲʩչɽԪվֱֳˣǵʦİΣ
СһǮСŭʩչһȺӹݺݵĸǮһ⡣ȻӰһ٣Ƶǰ
ʦû°ɣСһʦæһеʵ
ƵҲв죬СһһֱŵҲࡣɫһȴ漴ֱ˵ղӰ֪ߣΪʦ£Զȥ
Сһ״֪ʱʦΪλҪδ룬СһƲͷСҲߣҪʦ˺£
ƵСһˣ۹̾ϢһԺǳ⡭
ءޣǮ³׵׼ðҪСӣĿС֣ҴүүĶ⣬үǲɢ㲻ɣ
ǮСһ˲ʦˣ˫üһŭݣ͵ת۵Ĵ֮һ˦˫׳ǮȵүԪ۵ӡһʦԪۣô򣡡
áãϵģĳСģҾͰʿһʰˣǮܻе
ƵǰһҪСһСһ״ˣ쿪˫վһе˵ʦЪϢһСһأ
ͽᶨƵб̾벻Ԫû˹Ҫ˽ѣֻһʮĺ֧Σ֡
εҡҡͷֻųûϢһ£ԱΣ֮ʱҲƴСһȫ
СһƳһ۵ϵʬЩɵ˵ʦСһûɱأ
Ƶص²Υļɣ
СһԺҧҧ촽ͷλεıǮ̧°ͣ˵үڴˣ־͹ɣ
ǮЦһֳִӭСһݺ˹һӴݣ˵ܴ裬޲һСһ롣
СһһΣǮǰʧգ۱߬ȭͷȥ
ǮۼԷûӰ֪ãת󵶾һƬѩ󱳡
СһƣȭͷԱȥ
ǮϵĹ򲻼򵥣ŲתһѴ󵶲ͷ·ɣŵӰסСһȥֿ߳ȭ͵Ϯãֻʩչܡ
һŵӰ׷һССӰɽͣһԽкáǮ֪ȥԼ֮ʱһʽͻһʮĺӣǾͶˣɽկЦ
СҪӯץšţǮ˼ƽϡ
ǮˢˢŷǰȥСһżӡ
СһҲڵһ˿˿٣ŲԭʩչҪģˣԼʦҲΣˡҲڲͣĥţȥԼȡƽ
ǮݺݼͻȻЦһ߸Ծ𣬽ӰһƵȥ
Сһ״һ֪ϵȴ鼱֮£ʶһһһƾճϡ˫ңһҧ̧Ǯȥ
ұ죬ۡһּؼǮĺģڰзһҺݺˤ桭
СһԼСݣ֮䣬ֳƽصʦǰ
˭ҲδԷӺδóɱʤתۼ䣬ת˴ҡ
ǮһȺɽڵ䣬ֻһֻּ͸ǰأڴѪ罴ϣֱۡ
һǰȥ󵱼һֵŭģǺãϰ£һ㿴ңҳ㣬ãȻ޴롣
вʵɽֱֳ޺޵ĵСһڳԾԾԵļơ
Сһ֣һ޿ֵģƲƲ죬ȵߣģԣ˵ţɵһ˿͸ֱӿƽˡһը죬糤âڽ֮ϡ
СһԼһæջɱٻʦı
Ԫ۵ͥԺУôһطվˣСһϵĶɽŻˡŲеĽâ˵ֲʹâСǸְɣһ˷˼ṦǸʲô
ɽʱϨСҪȥͷ
ʱԭȱǮǸݺӣԽڶǰƵСһʩһҵֻǰŶʧ֮´ֵǸˣֶģգ֪Σ
Ƶ˫Ŀ΢أַ룬ÿɷ
Сһͷʦһۣһתͦظһλ˵޹ɽţʦþʹաشҲССĳͽ䡣ˣλ뿪˵أӴ˲ɧţ
˵ţȴҲǼĸеϦЩңأԿǿӲš
Ǻﰵɱ˻ֻССĳͽ䣬лӰСʿСӰƱǿ˭ԼǽâҲ̫ˣҶڴ˴Ȼȥʵ󵱼ɣ
Ǻæֹ˵л˴ҵ뿪˵Ŷһ̧֣߾ɽ
˭Сһ˵ţһֹСʿ˲ɣ
֦¡Сһ˵꿴ɽ˲飬ӣͷ۵ʸ֮ףʧ
Ǹݺӣҡҡͷ̧ŵǮַ˴һ£ۡһʸһѪԺڵϡ
ǮҶһ£Ǻδһ㣬Сһͷɽȥ
Сһ죬ǰʰʸͷϸȥѪתʦȥ
̧ͷһɫ䣬ʦʦôˣ


13 Ӧˬ
ԪȺħͬʱڷ治Զһɽ·ϣʮƥǣ㼲ۡ
˷糾ͣһȵ̫ƽھֵĸͷԬ䡣
ԬᳶٷŻԸһ˱ȭͷǰ治ԶǺڷˡ
λһƥߴĺ֮ϣһɫ۵һССĽ
ԺҲ֣Ӣ¶Цݣ˵Ԭͷ·ˡ˵ųһԲζеʾ⡣
һ磬룬ĿǰĬ
ΪͷˣתԬһȺɽ߹ˣֻ𡣡
ھֶӦǰָھ붫δͷǰ̫ƽھ¸мԬüµϺϣǸ⡣
ͷģھĶǺ֣Ϊǰ˵ţ׿˳ھһУһӣȵϺڷկȻһͷȥ

ڷկǰ
һλʮºӣ˫֣ʢ˵һ
һϵĵ̱һбӳţ졣۽ǳ鶯һ£ڨЦ˵Ѿɳ֣ȥѰҽǮˣʯٴƬ̣·̣أҲʱĹ·ϵˣҶܵˣҲ͸ûˡ
ߣǺڷկٸڣôֻǮȥȻĴѰУΨֽ˲֪𣿡
⡭⣿һаǮ书ǿ˭뵽˱أ˱鷳ֽðʯġļ֮£һϵĵһ鶯
֪Ӻδͷĳʯǰ
ǺǣʯҪԩҼҴ󵱼ҵġǮһֱԲѣ󵱼ҵҲ޷簡еǮİΣǺǣⲻšǺǣ㡭
ʯɫ䣬Ƴһģɫһ˿
ȥǮ
ıĳһʯԹȥ飬£мκεĸϵ
һ״æĸں˵Ϊʯ·
ɽһľ⣬ͷţȴ㲻ǰľϣһѪգ˯ѵǮ
ʯɫ䣬һԵһͣ͵۴ŶԷ
󵱼ҵģˡľͻȻ
ͷһ̴ûӰ
ɥأģʲôõġһܻ߳ľݣ׺ݵ
Զһɽ·˺ƬϻѪһŭĿԲ׺ģŵԶԶͣʩһֵǡǴ󵱼Ҳáǡ̫ƽھִŰɱɽˣֵǵסˡ
˵꣬һͷһ׳ľڳһۣʲôţϾ͹ȥԣͷܣҲ֪δ
һҴһصľʯɽկѰʯ
ʯתɫ˵ڷկҺθɣ׺θɣҵĿɲҪ˵ߣ
һŭӣָʯĲϵĵɺ졣߳ŭ֮£ѿڶ㡭侮ʯַˣҡ
أţʯȻƽһԷ󾪣æȥ
˭֪ʯ磬һָ񵲣һֻצסʺ
ʯĿ͸ɱ⣬ָ֮һ졣
һͷһᣬһѪӿǡǰݽģ
²㣬ࡣߣʯһŰһһԣһ˳ְѻеǮڼϣһԶȥ
ڷկһƬ֮ʱһҲڼҴҵźڷ޷ɱ
һжʮƥϻߡͽ޹Ǯһˡ
ۼɫ֪ȥ󵱼ҵ𷣣Ҳļǵġ
ǰɽ·ϣͻȻӰζ
ǰݺӾʾ⣬˷٣óСĽ䱸
ǶһˡԼֵܰ
žϲĺɽԴܳһȻɽϵĵ֣ǰѯʡ
ôܵˣ⡭ĪʲôʣݺӼֵڣѪɡ
ɽկ̫ƽھֵ˸ˡ
󵱼ҵҲɱˡ
ֵأĴء
ھͺˣԺŶһ췹ˡ

ɽ࣬ɽկܵľޱ˵˳ɽկĲ״һβסĵĿֻţ
ҵҲûˡݺ̾һ
һƥϣǮѱ䡣
Ǻð
󵱼ҺͶҵĶûˣֵԺ
ɽǻȻһƬ
ֵһԣ
ݺüãȻ޴ˣ˵ɽկǻزȥˡͣһ£ƽ˵⼸ֵǵѪȴҲڡɴ󵱼Ҳˣٸ뽭Ҳݲҵȡ˼ȥȰǻɢ˰ɣһﶵҲЩ˽ǮȥȢ찲ӣһ˾ڣҲ޷һɽġ
ԣ⶯
ݺ˵꣬ǮͽˣֶԷضʩһԹ·޶ȥ
ɽݺȥԭسһᣬȻɢ

ϼֵĺڷկ徲ࡣɽ洦ɼıɽĶϱ۲֫ѪܵɽӬˡ졣
ľԣͷפһʬǰӣԬͳһԲ
ڷկӣȴû󵱼ұɱԼկ߲һɢˣʵȤǺǣͷ״Ц
Ȼһĺ˼
ͷҡͷЦЦһԵԬͳУ𣿡
ͷĻϴʧڣҲ𻵡˷ܵĴԬҲЦݵͷǡʧһھ˵Ǽ¡
²˳٣ùھֵʦǰæϳӣװϻҹϸسǡͷ˵³֮ԭӶټɡ
Ԭ복Իһаϲͷˣﶪʧ֪ҪԻĶأֽ񲻽ѰܶӶ𡣶ˬӦһкµʦæȥˡ


14 
еҹɫĽ٣԰
ԪڣСһʦص¡ʱע⵽ʦ뷢԰ףϵϣɳƣ
ʦĽŲЩʦֱڲʦļȻֱͦȴ°֮ϵĹȴ˵Ĺµ
סʦֱۣСһʦڻȥ
Ƶ˿۾
ǰƵҵɫתһ˿ֵӿϿݵ˫ա
Сһʦڵģڼͬ
Сһʦöˣ
ʦСһڻʦٸʦסеġ
Сһֹסžડžડ
ʶУʦڵ糱ˮȥƴԼѭžʦڡ
ϵӿ룬˥ߣƵɫࡣ
СһˮƵϧ˵ˣ̫ˣΪʦҲܲ˵ġ㿴ΪʦѾöˣЪϢһ°ɣ
Сһʦһ˿æͣ
ƴοĿ˵ҹյСһȻͬǺԵʣʦ˵˵
ȥһҹˣСһһɽһУĨһᣬæ˵ʦҾǼŸϻ˵ģ˵
ǺǣƵСһࡣЦһȱæ˵ϳˡȥϴϴѡУ﷿¬⣬ˣȥһ¶ʦͽ߳Ա˵ҵľƺ«
ʦˣСһǵ˼Ҳ࣬Ӧһ˳ȥ⣬ȼľ£Ȼˮ˾⣬Ժϴȥϵ࣬ϴϴˮһ壬µõѺͲЬҸӰͷһһüĿʵ꣬ҹµԪڡЬӵҲҲ̫ƽϵˡ
СһǬһңѾڣæʢʦȥ
һִͽܣƵɫУ͸Ų
СһϵһľϣҲʦ档
ʦƣŵȰ
Сһȳȳ԰ɣ
ӦһСһæһ⣬ζģȴеȫûζҲһ㣬ʦῪһɣ
Ƶžƺ«ûкȣֻǴȰĶСһĳࡣ
СһҲл²죬һ߳ԣһ߰ȥ¬֮һУϸĸʦ˵
˵ԹӵľʱƵۺ룬ΪҵǷëϴ谡ȥߴݼϵų֮һԲԽǵƾһöССĹӣȻͨأѹḁ̊́СһĴԵǺǣΪСһأ˵̺꣬һھơ
ʦСһֲ׵ʹҲһǬ˳ĶһǬΪʦȡ
Сһ˼ֶΣƵҲ˷ܵ뷢æѯʾ
СһæΪʦ˵ʶǬ龰
ǺǣǬգǺǣӿЦ
СһγɵԪھĹ˵˳ʵʦڹɵڵΪʲôأ
ʦҲѵԪھĲ已̥𣿡Ƶ̾
ˣʦǬҪʶ򿪣ҲǿʶġСһȲ˵
Ŷҵ뽭书ҲСָʼƾ־ָۡࡢǡ⡣ߣų˵ĸ֪ȴСһʶɼֶΰƵ
ʦǵ˵ɸУϰԪھδžҲ˵ҲûɸѵϾɸɣҪӳ죬ժ˸ʦ£ʦҲСһˣ
ƵЦδػ˼򵥡ɸоУûоûСɣתζͨɣؿ¡֮֮֮޷ͨ㽫Ϊãȫͬնﰡ˼ΪʦҲ¶ô˵
ʦҰ¼˵˵СһݷֱʦƵ°Ȼ
Сһ˵ӼǡʱƵסصͷ̾ѣ˵ٲݻ׫ŵر뵤ҩʱѾˡ
СһԪе˵ʱƵϻһ˿Ĺɫ֮У֪һкá
ܵӵĵǣƵ̾˿ַףСһζ˵Ϊʦһ׷Ѱշ֪ΪʦʵҲɵɵʲôɵȡ֮٣֮£Ϊۻ˳߲֮֮ɵȴҲСɵѰһ˿£Ϣһִš˵Ʈ죡˵ѣҹϸ˼ȥǰæѣȴ֪䴺ܣɺ쳾ᡭ
̾һƵĿԶ鵭ȻԪʦĵɣδʡһڲС
һϯȻĻСһ֪࣬ʦûԼݻԵ֮ݳȻ׵ľԼûеġ
Сһ֪ΪʦΪ֮ΪΣƵůɫЦСһҡͷЦ˺«׺һھƣУǧп
ΪʦģСһΪͽ԰գƵЦϵЦɢһͷţ͸һοһȻ
Ϊʦѽ֮١СһΪʦҿһ֮¶գգ
Ƶδ䣬һת˵Ϊʦм仰СһҪˡ
Сһԣæɫ״
ΪΪף۽Ժ֮;»֮ȱȽǡʣСһǣƥ֮뱦мǰҫʾмǣ
ʦЩ뱦һ޷İСһ֪ʦ˵еȴԺ˱£¿̽С֮ͽ
Ƶ˵ʱͻҲдʱҲֻǳžµ΢Ժǿ׽ǧǻ֮ˣΣƾԱʱۡ
Сһæ϶ʦʩСһʦ̻壡
ƵʾСһ͸һ˿ƣ˵ʦСһԪķʾһԪΪʦɣ
ԪھԪһͬʩչأСһæӦһ´齣룬ǬĽ˵࣬˷ܵ˵ʦ֮ɼұһ
ãΪʦͿСһʩչԪɼҽȥͥԺЩܣϸֳĺֻСһ˳֮δ룬ʦһͥԺ֮С
µգԪһƬɫ
СһתԪھڲת
ֳֽʦһԪˮչ
ھлӿѭֱ뽣̽ӯߵĽȻߵĽɫâ
Žʩչâ£СһΧγһȦɫ٣漴ɫĹâסתۼ䣬âѩƬƬըĴԾ˸ܡꡱ죬ͥԺΧשǽϻĽ漴һǳǳۡ
Сһӯ鶯ɫâ·ɣԭƽĽУݱһɫ㣬ǰҷɳâ
Ų뺣Сһһӵңؽâؾǵ㣬Ӱǰȥ䡱һ죬שԺǽ˴󶴡
СһھѡϲĪԼ˽ϲ֮£иԪʽĬھʽָ·Ŀھ
ͻȻеһ˿쳣ͣ͵ӿȥһӱÿտյʶһģͷѣϢ֮䣬ϵѾĵĸɸɾ˿ʣ
Сһһã漴㱣һƨ̱ڵءСҲ漴ֹͣһֵ
ŵĺ󱳳˲亹СһգعʽӦԼڿʩչġ
ѵʦˣЩȥ
ʦڵأ۾΢գ̬꣬һҡֻɫ뷢ɫУҹ
СһɫһһĺӿͷɫɲǼ佩Ӳ
ʦ
ɤţСһʦ
˫ǦأѵŲʦǰͨ¡
СһͰţ˫۳죬ҵһ˿ң˫֣æץסʦ
羲еʦȫޡʦˡʦˡ
һͷĿڴ֮£СһſһѪ漴ǰһڣһͷԵڵء


15 綯
ƺţʯϡɼǳҪʧǺ޼ʵҹУһˣ¼Ŷ䡭
ֺصԼСУʦԼأԼҪ
Сһ۾ξвͬأҫ۶Ŀ۾΢һ£ַ
Сһˣ
ǰʦһƵһ˫ĿڶԼ
¬ʦأ
Сһ˾ͺã˾ͺã
СһԼ¬ĻΧϤͥԺ
ǰոʦʱʦ˵ûһ磬ͷ£ҲĲ£˭롭
Сһǽѣˮסһͷ¬Ļ޵ءʦˡ
˶£һɽƶȥɽʯᾣԶ͵֡
౱Զһ峺̶ˮ̶ˮһ࣬һСɽ꣬һɽϪɽ丶ȥ
ɽߴһµķ㴣
һԣһªĲСһ¼ҡ
Сһʦȥʹʣñǰ̽ӵ¬ȡ
ƵȥҲ¬˸вѡ簲Ƶ󣬵СһƣԼһͬܡ
СһҪһΪʦТ
ֲСһļᶨ¬Ŵ˸ش˴
СһʦķǰĿﾡǰˡСһֻ࣬ʦıӻ£ǡ
ʦΨһ֮ԶȥˣԼֺȥδӣ
Сһã
Сϰʦ顣Լһˣ¹µ
Сһ뿪ʦһ㣬ʦߡţʦÿ춼ڿԼػԼ
ʦǰĻСһסˣ·СһԼҲ֪߶Զ߶ߣСһһֱȥ
ȥ۽ǵˮСһתԶɽȥɫһּᶨִţ

سǶһ羰Ƶɽɽ
ɽоŷ壬֮ϣ죬ɷ档ҲǾɽ
ɽҲǽʥأɵɽڡ
ɵڣһµ˸ֶһ鹧񣺡ţҲѽʧĻĴɽš
ӻתü΢һ˫ϸĿ͸ž⡣һǰˣ˵ˣ֪ڷկΪζأ˵ţһףԵŶʧϡ
ţϸϸ鿱һ˿Ρ
Ŷ
̫ƽھһйڷկʱֺڷկĴ󵱼һѾɱ̫ƽھԬµҲ֪ȥ򡣾ϤҲˣ˲²⣬ɱһߣˣͬ¼һʬʱǱַɴ䣬һɽΪء˴λﱻ٣Ӧ˱ָʹڷկֻΪ¡Щֻƾܲ⣬Ŷᡣɫ
ɫ滺Ŀ¶֮⡣
δ¹ϣرٻ˴һɻͣ
ⱳָʹ֮ˣһҪҴģʲô򵥵УһҪأŽ˵

̫ƽھ֪ȥ𣿡Űɫ⣬ʵ
һ˿ֻţæţԶݳ֣в֪µ
һ£ֽŵοسǵͷԼˣءݡ
ųһ£˵һ·ۣȥЪϢɣ
ע˳ŶԾþó˼
գıʧһתۼͻʧڽУһȡ
꣬Ϊɴвʧ޲ΪĻɿԴ书ԴУӵܿϢ
˸ݾһҪ

سǵĳ⣬һƫƧĺӵڣһֻ洬бˮ档
СڣһһˡŵˣȻǴӺڷկȥʯڴģѪɫѾתǮ
δˣڴ˴лʯֵܴȣǮɫ˵
Ǯؼ⣬ְ·֮¡ϧܴɣиУʯɱ䡣
ɵĵֻ̣С£Ǯε˵漴ɫ࣬˵ˣȥʵ棬а˼Զɣ
ߣ¿ʵô֮£벻帱ıԶԣʯдŲ֮⡣
ڵʹǮһ֪ʯǱ帱ˣҲ˵ʲôҡҡͷ˵ҵΪ£Щ˵ġʯԽˣҿ뿪ɣǰӦĵڵأ
˿ְοʯ˴ʯֵܵĴ󹦣Ҳʵġ
ʯԣɫԻĬĬβȥ
СźӵʻԶ


16 ®
ϵķƱã˶޹أСһ޹أ˵һ޹ء
վ˶ɽ¡类¬ȡߣ֮޷¬
б˵ȥһҲڽԪСܸеһ˿̼
ȥԺһɽϾҲ֪ʣµĹӾûУ˴ۿ
һŨŨԹƮ֮һһڵδָʶȴʹãȥ
ʶУһֻϺɫĹӾӨ͸͸ʱ
¬£һ¬峤ģһţе԰׵ϣ¶˵Ц⡣
ֻɫС󣬶ϾĴҶС۾˷ܵĹâҡë׵ĴβͣǰצȥժϾ
ɰС飬һжһ£漴ժȡϾͷ߽һֻԵԼֺαСأ
Ͳ֪С˻ʲôôһ΢̣š
СѾŨĹȲһС죬ͰѹȥֻСӣǴ˸ãмֺȤ
˹ӣСԱߵ֦ϣȴͻ䡣֦һͷءһˤڵϡ
Ŀͻı仯һСʲô
ûһ룬ֻڵСֻԲԲС۾¶֣һ±ùԲš顱һ죬һѪ漴һѪ긲ˡ
һһ⡪
漴뵽Լ¹ʱĲ״һͷһ˿¡ԪھԼ㣬ɣ
ŵһμ߲龰ŸղСɰӣתۼ䣬ֻһѪعأعɽȡһвһָпΪ֮̾һ
ϾСܵģȴȻ޷ֵջ˶ĳĪҲˣֻһΰѵС֪ĻɣӦ֪ģΪʲôҪ˵ಫأԼСҲûʲôͬԼҲڲûнյ컯Զʦǰ㣬һź
ԼҲʱͬСһɢ鹲ͬⲫ벻ʲôͬ
ǰҲһֻԵδϾҲ޴
׷ڡźȥˣź
ˣСҲˣǻ𣿺Ҳֻһ׷ڰɣֻԼ飬һΣˡֺأ
һ֢ţͣתšСС͵У״θܵһͬķ羰
վ֮һ˰ѹ¬ͷԼɲܺ¬塣
ͷһ£ڶŹһŹӣճ졣ʶУʣµŹȻ͵ģǹٻ鿴ɣ

һĲ俴˵ӣߴéݸ䶥ԼܣһĸɲݣԺ档
Ħʦµ壬¼ԺСһŰǬ˼
ԭԪʵΪ콣ԪӦΪķԪժ¼˵ģֻһ֣ұ䶯ϴΪ˷׵ӿʹõԵʰɣ
ڵġ콣һʮ㣬Ӧķʮ㡣һġԪֻǡķеƪķ뽣𵤡ԪӤĸ֡ÿһķﶼһЩķϰʹá
Ҳˣÿһ㽣вͬı仯ƣ콣֮콣Ҳ˵ΪĲͬݽ½ӦЩһ˵̫ңԶˡ
Ҫв㣬Ҳ˵ҪĲ㣬ſԼʹ÷ɽһƵǣԼһ㣬ڵĹ˵Լ红ͯŸովǿŲѡ
ǣ⡶ķɽУҲѵõһ
ˣɣֽܱȰİҪˣһ˰㰲οԼ
һ帴Ԫĺܿ죬о˸ɫҲһھֱʺûƤģ·̶̵ʱڣѻһˡ
ÿմ֮࣬ΪʦķͷһӲݡϾʱȥ¬￴ȥ˶ɨһƾɵԺ䡣ʱҲȥСȡֻҰ¬
ĳһԾڲڣĦԪµķͿھӼǡ͡ٲݻ׫ѾеģЩԺһõġ
ˣи̶ˮʡˣȥժҰӣΪԼԡʦľƺ«͹ڲÿտһۣһоͻһݰ
СɽһӹĵȻڡ

˶µɽһһɢŨϾϾ͸һš
ÿصޣٵĿһΪ˿ûκͻƵļ
ǬŽˮ书ãԪ˵ҲδἰһȻҳԡ
֪ϾܷԼΪأ
һԴϾܸǿŵһʹľĵ׻һЩԼ޷ΪԵĻӲ˷Ҫõ񲻿ϧ
ϾҪдţԼûǹصĶһγ˺ܣԼǺܺһк˼ţ˵Լ԰ɣһ£ò֮ʱҪȥ
ְѹӶУϤϤŨ㣬Ϥů
һæֽӡķǺ˺ѷεʹûˣȻȶů֫ٺھʡůķתšϴĸŨҩ̺źصһ˿˿һƣۼ
еţģһĵﴦ;ɫͷҲһɫţ漴͵ûٻ㡣
һüͷһ壬Լ죬·һĵ̰ӱȱڣӵµõйھؿЩԭϸ˿Ҳôʵˡ
תķڶ㣬ھгͨ衣Ϊͻˣ
ڵڶ㣬Ϊ˳԰һüһ
ʶɢȥʮһУΪˣʶҲͬ
ιӲûдʹĸܣԸԼΪڶ㣬һԼǰĹҡ
ʯڣһǬȡһֻСľ䣬¬ġδ¬彲;ľȻܽʵ
һԪ˵źľڣǬȻλζƮʯżһ㣬߰Զ⣬ӣʩչɺƮݡ
һԼסСɽ꣬һƽһӣľΪԪһڣֹĹ¿˼ͷ
ʦϣԪۺˣʮһˣһߵף
ʦΪΪʦ飡
һָʦ˼ͷʦʦ飬ҲµģȦһ죬ˮֽס


17 ȥ
µϮˡСɽһԵˮ̶ߣȴһ
̶ˮʹİӽ͸̹һʮµһʯϡһͷڷɢţಲֻһ̶̵㡣
߬߬ȭͷ˿ԼȻе壬һԸл
ɽǿϣµĿŹӶԼˣûѸٵΪķֻͻƵ㡣УȴһɫţԼšЩδϾҩ
Ҫѭ򽥽һͷֱۣŵȣҡš
ͷˮ̶߶һۣһһԲԲʯԼȭͷС֣ʯţʯͷಡһķץ
һ֣һ΢΢Цһ£ֲΪһ㣬ʯͷףһߡ
⣬ĵڶⷨҲûɶãǺ档һ롣
һķΨһķ˵˶
һĹһȻ˫˼ӡһ΢ɲİ׹һνʧڿС
ˮ̶ߣյģղŵһ·δֹһһ׹һ¶Ӱ鵽ʵԭð˳
ٺ٣Ȥ
һԵõЦΪ㣬ĵ˼ֻһ硢𣬹һ£ԼѾ߸С
ã΢һԾʮɣߴղֻмϢĹȴҲеƮƮɵζָоһϲ
ɽҲ޴ãķҲевĵطһʯϣ˼δ˸־һУһСŻǰ漴ɿ䶯־ﲻͣͻȻٿر䳤һϸϸĻߣڿ衣
ǰľһһָ߷ˮ̶ߵʯ˲䣬ǿʯͷյž죬תըһСʯм
ΪԼı˼ܣһüɫ裬ϲֳ
һãǲǶ辶أ
գգ鶯۾¶˼飬˫ƾһУһССƽղʯмȥʯмδʧ֮ʱ־һ䣬ʩչһֻ֮ţ뿪ˮ̶ߣɽһĲݴԷȥ
ȻˣҪʹãȤĽʹãศɵ֮ãһԷ֪ࡣ
һԵ·ϣһˮ̶ߵĲݵϣǬǬǱʹװණȻƮƮûʲôƽڲϣ˩䣬һɾƵһ㡣
ʶһǬȡ˼С졣һǡԪԪʦйʦյĹһ飬׼ɰֽķҲȫͬʦ׵ķȴҲż顣뵽˴ܲΪ˼Ҹпһˡ
룬һĻͷʦڣ˸񡣿߶䣬ʦĪְ
Ԫ¼Ʒķһֱһ޵ƤЩֱ֮вͬȼЧáзõĽշӷҲйõĻȡĴӦɽĳ֮
Ʒܣ¼˺ܺһ飬һ֣ⱾֻһЩͽ׵ķ֣֮Գĵ÷֮еԼϰԣĻԺ˵ɣлᵽޣʲôӣҡҡͷһ顣
ⱾԪֻһ׸ͷĽѣʹʩչʱһֵġķǰʹã׽֮á
һָ˸̶ˮеȥһ˿γɽˮмһˮٺ٣Լеˡüͷ
һǸСӣʦ̫һ˵ġԪһ䷭ϸϸһ顣Ԫһڹķͨζ죬֮ڹʱţסòˡ
ǬһֶµССɫֱͬΪࡢڡס졣֪ʲô죬ָ˳ʵȥ鿴
Ԫ˵СдõģôãһͷʶʶȥСзæŽʶС죬һƬʶȥ˴ʶгһַ
ǺǣԭˣһѰ̽Ŀ⣬һҡͷβ
ԭΪǬ족зֱ֮֮󣬿ɹءɱ
󷨿ھһСķһסСܣؼָһͻȻˮ̶ɽ֮ϡתۼ䣬Сɽ긽ʮɵĵطʧŰڣ֮ԭشһƽؾһ磬ȥ
ʦ֮ǱǺǣԵֵһš
תۼ䣬ǳʱڡ
˶ɽݳݺɡɽ紵ĵҲȥ
¬ϵԵøˣ˵ԼĶӣСһʱ
ȻǺ¬ŰԵ֣һסɽǰ
¬ˣ
һӲ˳ӭǰȥ¬ԱͻȻ֣һ£̧ͷ¶ЦϵҲˡ
ǺǣСһզ֪¬أ˴һأ
ٺ٣Ų֪¬壬˶үƽʱҲû˰
ʶڣʮڷ紵ݶ۵ף¬ٽùһأ
Ų
¬еŪףԼһӵԣɽҰݴҰɽɽ¹ԾҡҡͷЦǺ˵Ҳǣɽɲү𣡡
ôпСһģһ¬ԣʵ
¬ϼǰҿ˿ַһ¡
ҲתˣСһסӣ©簡¬ԹԻͷһ˵СһҪȥһסɣľɱܷ纮үҲ顣źֵ߲Ҫɽȥ
һ˶Է˼¬ҲԼ޷Ц壬Ϸģٻ׳ÿ컹ҪʦµĹͦõġҪ캮ˣСһͲס䣬ȥ顣
Ҳɡǿզ廹֪𣿡˵ţ¬һļﻹ赹ʱģĿﾡǵ֮⡣
ٺ٣Сһ֪嵣ģȴ֪Сһ书أһҫ˵˳һµأ͵ϴɸߣȻһӷ¡δ֮£ָʰһԴСʯͷ˫һϣʯͷ˸顣
ѽСһ书˵ĸ¬ĺϲ£ò͸̾
壬÷Сһ˰ɡһŵóѵЦ˵
ģǺǣ¬ǰСһ˫֣ϸƣ̾һԲĵ˵Ҳܳǿǿǿ֣ɽ⻹һɽأɽ붬󣬴ȥȥ
УȥʱСһԻȥǶġһˬӦ
¬ĵͷ˵ֽҪȥ̫ƽһˣЩ֮Сһʲô󣬴һ
Ҫȥ̫ƽ򣬲Щ֮Сһȥˣʹˣһæ˵ճ֮Ҳ⣬϶С¬æáҲܲ˴ͣ˵ƶ˵ģֻЩ֮»Ϊá
¬ЩɣһЦ壬֮⣬֮𣿡
¬ųڣһһΣѾ⡣ֺ壡̫ƽСһȥˡ
⺢ӣ¬Цҡҡͷ漴һæִӻͳС廹ûء


18 ̫ƽ¥
̫ƽһӻǰ
һƹĸʮΣȻֺǺǵĸˣ˫ΰһƫƧĽֽǡֽǵ깴ףÿһаٽءʶɨܣû˿һΰǬ
֣һ°߻صϡ
̧ͷɫʱѾˡʱһ᲻ȥһмƽϣѭǰУ̧ͷֵ
ǰһֺõкſˣٽһͷкЦһƿ񣬻δ㡣
һŪһ漴ͷƾɵĻѾ߿ڵЬӣ漴ȻԳҡҡͷǰȥСƲмƲһıӰæЦкű·ˡ
ڵģһҩ̡˶ɽвٵĲҩҲɻЩأһ̧ͷһҩ̵
ʱмƥӽϼ۶·˻׶ܡ֮˽žװЯʲôģ
һζƮһתѰȥ̫ƽ¥ˡ¥һԻ˩żƥһڷӣŸճӡ״ɵһ¿ˮͳļͭ壬˵࣬ǰȥ
ǰһƼˣæкСֵ룡
ٺ٣鷳ˣֻӳԡһæڰ֣Ц
СЦǺǵĵͷɿ۽Ǵ˶ԷһۣΪ˵̫ƽ¥İƤںֺóԣſ뱸СֵܿЪϢúõðӡ
ˮҪǮŤͷһ͵кһػص¥ǰæȥˡ
һСƵһлҪӣбϣζ
Сʮͣһ£ɾ䡣һ˳ָһһˮƳü۸ɾ͸źƣ˲ɵøС
ԾƲ˵ĲŻ¥԰ӾҲܿϵ֣
һûǮֻһЩɢӺͭ壬Ǭȴмʮأȥ¥һ᲻áżԸӽѾˡƽ֮ࡣ˵֮˶ǲʳ˼̻ģΪߣɱٹȣԲȵġ
ȷʵζó԰
յ⣬ɹůůģһ΢˫ۣ׽Űӵʶſ¥졭
¥㣬һŴǹ̨ڷһŰ˸ߵľ̨̳һͷ֦ʣдʲǫ̂һ¥ݣͨ¥Ķ㡣
ڷ߰ӣѾˡǳ֮ߺ֮һֵĳ档Χһļӻĸߣһĺ棬ϸ
֣ȭŴԶˣĪҲʲôɣһԲϸ۵ĺӣ߿͵תͣصĳһλŵʵ
ĺԣ¾ƱܣŭɫִԲӣǹͬǧ֮ңҲƷ羰İɣ
ӵһ˶ͷͳͺ״ɶûһ㡣
ǺǣաֵܾһΣһľݣ°ͺ̵ܶĺӾٱȥ֮æֿձʾ⡣չŵĺӺҲһơ
ͷպӣȴгϸУбԱһ׳ĺӣƱֵܣһ˺ƾư۸һ
λֵĬ񣬾ٱԷһ£̧ͷһ˶ǡպΪ佫۽̧ٺЦһ˵ֵܰŰҲǸɰߵ˵һۡĳССɵģ˴˹ֵ˵꣬ϹЦݣĿȴûһ˿Ц⣬ؾȭŵĺһۡ
ߣȭҲʲôɡҹʯеĶˣ˭ָСҰֲɣĺһӵ⺺ԭйʯ߱۳Ŀǿ׳ţ˫ۣ͸Źֱ
˵Ķ԰һԾݵĺæĴָԸظǻ֮£°ͼ̶һأûˣȴ˼ĭɽ
ҽǮҲСɣҺ쵱ĺúӣֵپһ˵Լٱȸˣڳˬӡ
лֵܣˣʯҲĹȥһ
ǳǧˣ룬Ů˵ʲô
һӴõһƮȴһЦ¥Ĵжʱ
Ų˹۽ֱ飬ɫתžһѾƱˤ˷顣ģ˭ͷأҲվүүֺţ
ڵĺЦʱͣЦݲĵպӣζĿһۼĺţζĶƱһڡ
պأԶʯȴƨ±ƵģһŲŲ
żû˸Ӧһţͷ¶β㲻úúӣүүС֮ƽϣߣһӣеһЩ棬¡
Ҳܱĳһӣ浱ԼǴˣղǳһ𡣾¥ڶʱ䡱һЦӵĽк
սӣԽЩתɵڽӵʲôѭ㿴Ҳˡ
һǵķǰһµˣӢϣеĳЦƵĴźšͬ׳ĺӣӦǴ˵ӡ
𣿴ҵǺǣҵͽдڰųЦ
ӵֹҲЦˣֵ˼һš
޹һŴϣԩԼǮﱾҲǿķŴģȱôǮأòãȲ͸ǳҼ滰ȴ˵Ҳһֽţ˲ݣǮ
ǰһһͦأ˸ȭ°ֱûˡ
½Ǯţλ̨ĳеָ̣֮һϯ˵꣬ģĶ˸ķĵҽȫ㻹ʲô磿
ǺǣЦһվȭһ£˵ָ̲ң²˳˵˾ʵѡԣǡꡱЦ
Ӱ˰֣ţԹ˵ھزΡλ֮ͬأΪڷկһİɣ
һƬžزɨһȦЦЦŵǰ̫ƽھ͵Ļﱻ٣¼Ҿھ֡ʴˣھ̫ƽھ˺ڷկ˾٣ΪԬͷ֮ҲھֵӪͷ֪´˷˵⣬ɷΪλأ
ԭͷȭŹʯʯȭ
֣ˣزҲѵĻһ
֪˴κڷկٻʲôĶ˭ͷɷ֪һʯʵ
ǺǣھֵĹشҲ֪زЦݼȥҡҡͷ
ʯˣڨڨ¡
ԣغɵ˥֪ΣһֱŲպӣͻȻʵԷϸϵȴҲǣҲǣľɫ
Ŷλز۽һԷӦŰ޻
λ֣ǺǣȤزκǺЦɫȴתֱ£
ԣҲ꺢ͯҲǴ𣿡
޻۾ȻزΣĵ˵¾֪⴫Եľ
Цү֪Ժδأϸ˵𣿡زŭߣ֮Ѭ֮ͽ
㲻ǲ֪ǲԸߴˣ޻ץϵһޱĶز˵ͷͽһ
ãͲֹѵزӶԷһۺ°һ̧ǹЦȥӣ
޻˽׳ֱۣݺ߬߬ľȻУɱ⡣һֻް㣬˳ȥ


19 ͷ
̫ƽ¥֮⣬ʮֵֽĽֿڣزκ޻ֶ
·ߵСԶԶ㿪Ŀ֡¥ڵҲӿھ¥ǰһĿ¶˷ܵڴšǰǰǸСƣһĸһȻ
һ֪¥ڵһУȴټƴҲ档бʣŷŲ룬Ͼȥ
޻쵶ǰز˵Ӯˣͷԭίδ䣬׳ŷƣԷȥ
زһ˫üһৡһһֱһһֱ޻ӭȥ
޻ͣزҪ
زνȴҲޱȣβͣ綾š
˶þʣһ˲ߺȽкá
һԴųϵΣ졣˵ĵϵ޳ʶж˵Ĳʽһ˿ԡʿУֵıȶӦСӴܲɡ
תۼ䣬Ѿ˼ʮغϡ
زΰƮƮɫɡ޻Ƹͣ
ز۽һɹ͸Źһ˿ЦԷܣ˳Ƶȥ
޻ϲϷ˴һΡ
ΧۼزΣɫһ̾Ϣ֮֮ԾԾ֮
޻Ĵ󵶼زε佣ȴȻ۳أֱ޻
ȻһҺߣֻ޻󽦳һѪ죬дһԷȥ
޻󣬴֣˼ɫ԰ףһľ겻Ʊ㶢زΡ
زעһ⣬ֱֱˡ
áһƬ
ֻ޻ֵĴȥƲһΧ۵˷ȥ˼״ɢȥǾ¥ǰӭ͵СơСɵˣսսأ㶴
ۼҪ󵶿УҲʩȡ
ֻٽСʱǱ裬һ죬ıȥ򣬴С߻Rॡһ˵Ŀյϡ
Сһƨڵϣɫɷף
²죬´ղ˭֣û˿
زμСգҲһɣȴͬɲֹи֣
˶ڵأȲʱֻһƾɵİӣüĿʣǴЦ󷽷Сƣº͸ŹеʵС磬û°ɣ˵ţֲС
زһϸϸ˰һۣԳҡҡͷΧ۵Ҳ¶ΪȻ״
һһԿ֮ʱСգҲżɲڴ֮ͥóȻ֡͵˰죬Щʿν壬Ҳ˲١СҪ֮꣬鼱֮£͵͵һ˿γһָᵯⳡͻΣ
ԼСƶ˶꣬ллСֵˣ
ǺǣСЪϢһЦǺǵķСǰ¡
⺢ӣ˼ȺеλԲպӣ۾һ˼ϸеâ
Ҫ𣿡زбָһֱ΢°ͣоǲм֮⡣
޻˽˺󣬵ͷڵϵĴ󵶣ʰزι˹֣ɫвޣ˵¼ˣʹ˸ǣ˵꣬׳Ұģȥ
СӦҲ˼ҳһûСӵų׽ͶԵļԶ󣬾ʣ֪Сֵմ
ҽһСһˡһºЦ
ҽмֹ󣬾סͷֹҲֱˬӲˣһԹ˵Ż
һֽˣĹˣﶼܴزͳһЩбĶȴ˭ҲʳͷΪ˰װ˼£ƾ޹ʵĵھ֡֮ʣһ˻˲פ
죬ƥγǰһһλӢ䲻ˣλ߽Яű׺еһߡ
زμ״ɫӭǰȥҲߡֻǼ¥ǰΧڣ¶ɫ
һԡͣʯϡõáһ졣
زӭһλһЩɫȹСｿһ
磡ôﰡ˵Цü续
Ǻǣ˴Щ飬û뵽áزºЦ²ͣǰмλʩزμϣʦʦã
һۣų룬ӥĿĮȻĻһ䣺ͷ񣡡㲻
ͷʦʦõ΢Ц񣬱˴ģ
ԭΧˣزεʶһŲͬ˼ɢȥ
ϣʱڴ˼ЪϢһٸ·Σ˵ţزζǰʾһ¡˼¥ȥӦԤȥˡԴˣüͷδÿɷ
Ǳܵ·֮ʱͶŶûһ趯һʵĶ̽ƤһЦᳶһߵ䣬Ž̬Ƥ̧΢΢סʦʦü״ҲЦŵͷˣ
Ǿ룡ز洺Ц
ʦ㣬ǽСʦ֣ȸԾ¥ȥ
λ͹٣룡ƥСİɣǽмֹСһ˵أȴʹ˿ˣ漴ָ˾ģ
ЩˮιЩϡǴʦ֪Է¥ĻƣӸֹһСӡ
͹ٷģСĻŪ׵ģֹּۿİӴڻͷǰӹ
ز룬ʦһǰȥ
һƽʱһɽû˵ֹƣԼǰĺӣҲͿ˼䡣
ֹҪ£ͳ˼ͭϡţҪҪȥǰԷкأ
һҪƲȴɫһ


20 
һ̧ͷСȥĿȴڶԷϣ˵СĶ̽Ĺע
ʶУǹĶ֮̽ϣһһΪ֮Ȼ
ԼϵСһϣԼǬƿڵĵҩϣʹõĶԪ˵̳ƶֻңԶĺпʿڸңԶĴĲߴڡ
һ뵱ȻΪڴ̳УԼΨһʿʵ˾ȡ
һʶУǹϲûҲ˵ǹﲻʿݡǶ̽ĲȴʹõķʱǸ¶֪Сʿһ;Ҳ֪
⽭ıôǷأǷֵܲǮ
СֵܣôˣǰߵزβԶ쳣פꡣ
һȥСʱͶ̹Ȼ״е档һƾɵСӰˣڶ཭ʿ״ûһ˿Ļңɵò˶࿴һۡǸı޻ȥƣ˳ɵģ书ܸǿǶԷ˭ö֪
ºӣ岻ǿ׳ϰ书Ҳʲô书ʴˣز˺棬ȴδԷ밵г֮뵽һȥ
ɫб䣬һǶ㶵˼״⣬˳һ䡣
ʻһ̧ͷһµزΣ΢ЦŴԼɵһݣǶԷʲôǸղųֱ˷ˣ
˼ת˼£һӿ˵Ǻǣ뵽ϣûʲôδ򡣡˵ţЦͷ
ʦֽŲҲͣһ£߼زһº˵ΪȻһȴǲεĴŶԷһ˫ӥĿ书Ӧ黯ӦǽһĸְɣĴʦ֣ʮģ书ҲͣӦزλҪǿЩ
زμԷʮһСӵģƾɣȴüʣһ˵ĸܡһԳԼˣҡҡͷʦֲ¥
¥ǰ徲ֹ࣬æŸƥˮιϡһǰȥ˵֣Ҫˡ
ֹæ߹½˫֣һĳ˵ֵܣҪȥ𣿻ȥҼҿϸأ
ˣ´ϣȥ١һ΢Цֹȥ
һЩȤԼ·ԵҲգҲãעһδ֪·һʦδ·ҲʦһѰҵ··ѾԼĽ¡ԼһҪȥһ죬ͬķ衭
ͬʱҲһЩ뷨ΪʦТӦȥǸط
վ̫ƽϣһ򶫷
˽٣ԼĪ·ǰѾ·ˡһ̧ۿ˿ǰ־һһ㣬ȵֱ˶ȥ
·ߣҲ;еҰ们һӰ
ǰһƬС֣һڿգϷɹڰ֮Уɫһ漴ζһ£һ׹µȥ
˲䣬һȥӰ
СУˡ
һĴ׳زƴȥ޻һ£ɫ䡣
ʯȻ֪кԻõҩΪʲôǲ׺ﲻȡأ޻ɫдв޵˵׺ҲǸɣȴŰͷδϷˡ
ǺǣգʯĳɫʯȻҲЦֻǸɭ
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˵˴ʯͣһ£б޻
޻УľﲻѡҲǣˣ˭ⵤҩЩҪʡȴĿ๦书ǽƾ̣뵽˴ɫж˷Уʵ֪׺ַʲô
űĽЩȥǽлһҡԷƵһģʯΪı̾ɫ䣬˵ǳĻʯϣģÿγĻﶼһµġ
˵ţתȥ֮ȷĿԶ˵Ҳ׺϶ǾЩﻻصĵҩ
޻Ȼʵǻ﾿ʲôΣԻ˵ı˿³çȴҲûӵˣȻŸݡʯ˵²⵽׺Լͷ⡣
ҵҲ֪便￴Ѱȴļ򵥡ʯУ¶һ˿
֪ĶߣŪǳȥĵط㲻һԳҲɽƣǰñ޻˵꣬۹͸˷̰
ʯ˵Ҳ׺ڱı£ҾͲţֻҪ´ķз¾֪ͬסܼɸ߸ϣ
ãŰΨ׺հԺϻȡô֮ʱ˻Űһݾͳɡ޻˫۷Ź⣬ʯ˵
ȻﹲˣҲҼҰ֮⣬Ҫ˶֪¡ٺ٣ʱҲסġ˵˴ʯסЦ

벻ǣصĶԻ͵
һʩչʱС֣ڿմ֮ԽʶУǰʮ˵Ƨ֮ʲôڴˣһһʩչֱߣ˵ĶԻ˸
ȥʱһԳκ󣬶˳˼
̫ƽ¥ǸСĶ̽ǲ˵йأõķڽУȥĶ֮⣬Ҫ֮ãȥĵطǲǸߴڵĴĹأˣԼԸɵһͬǰȥǿʡȴܶ๦򡣿ƾʲôΪԼ·أҪԼȥѰĹأԼ治֪ô߷
ҲܲѰɵɽȥԼݣöԷһĽԼȥİɣ
Լݱ֪ˣֻԼĹûôǻԼ̻Ϊʸ֮ģĽˣԼǻأ뵽˴һвɵһȻ
ʦĻڶߣ
˼Ƭ̣һмƽϣһ㣬ǰԾȥ


21 ɽ
һ¬Сľǰ
¬һϿ״ΰͣһֻ̳ƣķĸӣæǰŷ״ﻹ߶ţСһǰŶĹ򰡣͸ϻˣЩص֮
ҸľƣһЦŰѾ̳¬ǰ
ǺǣСһİǰľ̳ӣ¬ƵһƬ⡣һɽҲϲȵϾƣһο
СһһЩӣϣԺʱͷҲһЩ˵ţ¬óһǮӾһ
ָ¬ǮӣһЦ˵壡ӻأԺûԻҪġ
¬Ҫ֣һΪҲͰˣֻ˵Сһһͷɽ¹Щʰһ£Σ
һȻӦһδȥȻ¬ʰľ

ҹĻ£¬ľǰһСȼ
ϼֻ¹ȣտţƵ¹㣬ʱ̡졣¬Сһ¹⣬һ߲Ľӹҧһ飬Ե͡
¬¹պܲ¹ⱻۣɿڡҲſ¹˺ҧһڣ׽£룬һھơ£¬Ҳչࡣ
壡¹⿾㣡һ߳Աޡ
Ǻǣɽˣɽɽģ࣬ɽҰζȴҲԵãСһԵ¬ǺЦСһҪҪһڣ
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ٺ٣һڲһǡʦȾʱҲᶺԼһСڣҵǧ𥲻İ
Сӣʹ죡¬ƳɻḧЦ
ϴ˵¬ѾɼˣܿҪඣһЦŵ
СɵɵʦˣԼΨһĹŮ¬ɳƵҲ߿
ҲһˣȽҲʧȥ㣬ϧ¬粻Ըɽס
ȥסҲõף¬תͳһο
¬Ҳ˵˼Σɡ¬ָԼơɫΣ˵ҲԪ۵ˣ¬ԪҲз֮鰡ȥϣǧԪֻۣʣһ˰
һͷ֪¬ǶĲ¡Ҫߵģעһ·ԪԼļңһԶʱȻ᲻ȥе
壡СһҲ롣һǰɫׯأĿȴ͸żᶨ˵һڴ˴ΪʦТꡣʦһ㣬ȥΣԪû䣬ҲһһϦ֮¡һߵĻᣬСһԪɽŵġ
˵˴һջĿ⣬¶΢ЦЦԺȥҲΪСһǣ
һ飬ʮĺӡ¬֪̾Сһ֮˿ɱȣҲСһɽе㣬ġ

ɽڣ´䣬̡һ괺磡
ͻȻһХɽ
ХƳ߿Хδ䣬һӰɽиƵ֮ϣתۼ䣬Ӱһ٣һ꣬ǴЦɽеɽ䡣
һѾʮӳ࣬ȻԵȴȳƶͦΡԭԲţӢһ˫ڵĵü£ɲֻǣյ̬
һСɽס˽꣬ÿմꡡڵϾҩҲȥʱķڼͻƵĲ㡣գΪֽһﵽĵ㡣
ϲ֮£һɽойһƮԼĲ£ʶ̽ľϲ仯ڵľӵĿʵеӵĺʵ棬ԽĲʶ࣬ʶһ߰ʮɷԲڣ紵ݶ۵ס
һͷ˼һ£΢̡һ죬СķĲͿʹɽԹҲǿʹָ磬ʶޡֽԼΪʶڵӦÿٳһ
ѾһһΡķмĿھ
һѽǰָӿâзɳԼɼзӯ漴ָһ㣬һâһ£ǰಡһʧȥӰһ̣ˡ죬ͣڿС
״һ¶ϲ飬δʩչӯߴСĽ͵ҫ۵Ĺâһͷ棬ͬһٲ
ôˣļܼ򵥡ʶģ뽣γӡǼɡΪﵽĲʱ˽һΣҲ˲ײĽǣһȴΪʱٴʹɽ
ɿһ󻹲Уһ֣˼
ķƣĲͿɼʹɽģӦòġԼΪѾﵽˣܳɹɽΪʲôأ򵥲ѽѵķӲԣ
һóԪ壬ʶϸϸֿ˼飬ûӿھ־ȫԼղŵķһµģΪʲôǲأ
ʱΣһǶô˽Ҳָֻ̣ԼĵɵöߴڵĴĹһݵ
ķУֱзͬļһļ˼ϸһ顣ѽһԼԴУԪ˲˵ŪǳԽĴأԼõȴǷļѵķأ
һɵ˾жһķмصȷѽȡأ񣬾ָ֣⼷һξѪ
ʺѪ뽣ûһ˸һָɣɿԾķɿ
漴һը죬ֻâ²ҫ۶Ŀһ˷ܵ۾ڴš
ϵĽâ˸ιֳŲˡ
һҡҡͷûһ취ε̾˿
еĻùĿơ
ѵǷɣǷҲ޷ǽʿʹõıġԼòˣʿǿǻһءΪˣһ죬¶Ц
˼ҷɣŲĽһһתʶ
ףɵõɴ۾ԭʶһ뽣㱻һεĶ˳⽣ﻹʲôòɣԪ˵û˵ѵﻹ󷨽ƣ
нϾϹŲһһΰʶ뽣
һ̽һε谭ԼʶĽ롣
һ⣬ȻԪ˿ʹΪʲôԣһͲˣ
ӽʶһĲѰ£ϸϸ鿱һƺֵһЩ
һ˻ȻʶϸСڴȥ
䡱һ죬Դһʹһ۾һգãܽƽ
ɫЩɷף۾
Ľûˡ


22 ռȵ
տҲһţ͸Щ졣
ԭ綹СʶԼΪӡúٻµĹţҲѰ㣬ӦԼʶӡĿǣǽʶ֮Уϸ룬һâ
벻һУһ˼⡣벻ͨ˽ڣҲֽ̣﷢ࡣԴзŰѽôأʶȥһ˿Ķ
һĵԴ˽ʶʱĴʹ⣬ʣ԰
ɽʱˣЩʡʩʩȻ߳˲һȡƽԪԪʽҲգǰʽҪϰġ
һ뽣޽âųֻǽϣԼһ⻪˲ײԪˮʹתһСӵҡתɽСౡ죬㽣ɿնȥ
ս֮һ¶ЦݣŽҲࡣʩչԪҫ۵ƣȴ޾ɱ⣬

˶ɽºһ̧ͷעãϾ̴Ҷ䣬ֻʣɣ㣬̾ڶڡ
ǧ̽壬ֻΪ˽öϾȴһͬյһԪʦ֪֪θ룡

һ¬Сľǰ
ûˣСľȻá¬ȥѾˣΪ˸ӡ䲻֪¬ԺȻԼɽУ˳տһҲӦġ
һǰ鿴һȦҰ֮
ԪۣҲӦȥˣضԼǹأ뵽˴һһֿɬ
ҡҡͷɢȥҵԪȥ

ģɽҰ£һʰ׶ϣعԴ׾
ɽݲҲ̣ԼʮꡣǰһɣֻǶһɽݼ䣬յ˶Եÿյġ
Ԫ۽ˣɫеͥԺɾš䡣
УʦڹеԼ
֨ѽһڵĹŴ򿪰ȣһϲ֣漴ֱһ˿ʹûͣ˽ŲȻĿ¶һСԴһʮҵСһ˫۾ڶԼ
δһعСţ󷽷Ŀֵ֪λ֣Ԫۺ£
һסˣСһģǰԼʧҡҡͷ
⺢ϻһϮۣѽ⺢ӲԼⲻС
ȿȡһԺﴫ漴ȹš֨Ťһ򿪣һŵۣɫƵ˳ǰվһƾȴ꣬һ˫ڶԷؿ飬Ĺֵ֪λСֵ˺°
ⲻΣյģҲʲôʿһһСȴǵʦʱԼ
Ԫ۵ԺȻԺǽϻԼµĽۣ
һ¶һ˿ζЦ⣬Ҳ˹֣עŶԷʵ֪λ
ʿ룬ͦͦأɫư˵ƶԪ۹˳ҲһָԱССͽ츣
԰ԭⲻƵĵ¾סɽ²Զġһͷģ
ߣƵȥԪ֮أСֵ£Ա㣡ʿɫתȥΪԷǸɽӦ꣡
һסˡĳӣ
к£ƶû룡ͣ½ŲȴǲͷĺǳһԵСҲɷµĵͷͣ
һһС龫ֵģһզ࣬ռȵ¶Ҳֱ׳ĸΡɲ˵ˣܲת߰ɣԼСļҰ
ǣһЦ˵Ǻǣ˵䣬ٸҲ٣
ЦĹŹ֣ʿǰͻȻð꣬һɵĶŶԷ
һڴԪ۾סʮˣΪʦɽ顣ʶƽʱɽ֪Ԫۺʱ¹أһŵЦʵ
һ£Ŀת´һһƲꡱЦһ
˵Ԫ۵ˣ˭ţ಻ȴģĪԪͼ죿
һԭȵһɵòϵѻ˼͵ģļ֣ƾɣʮһģ
ԷԶԣ룬мĺߵҪСɿڷԣ
ΪԪ۶ʿԵʣԷҲԼһ˵ǵġ˭֪ľŹֲᣬԷԼĻ֮ˡȻ׽ᡣһĻʵִðģ˭Ϊָ֤أ
ԣԵõĸЦбСһǿԷЦƵģӻóһйٸ뺣мٲɣ˵ţĶ
Ƴһ۶ԷĶһüͷ
֮ļƣԼߴ˵طһ㡣Щյ˵ҲԪ۵ˡıģƱ磡


23 

״˸ǼΪȤ飬ɫװģ˵Ϊ٣ٵΪ档տƾ֮£ԪۣСӣƶָһҲ㲽;󼺰
˵ţ°һ̧ϡļҲŸпƵġ
Ų޵һָ˵һʱҪõĶ޷;ѡȣҪĴڣþеķӣ㡣סˣжôڲͬҲڵ˱ͷɡÿһ˶֪ıӣūԣһǴö֮㱻ʱж֪֪׵ˣίģȥǴǸΪѵˡʧȥģ˭˵һָԵأ
˴߶߶ĭɽ˷ܵɫЩ֪йԼеĻԹΪԷ˵̡
ΣȲԸϥ޲Ƹôֻƾһ˫ȭͷ͸ֵȥɱͬɵõҪһСȭͷӲĸֵ죬㻹±˲˵һ𣿡
ڰеָأţʱӣ˵ǽѵǰСӣ˵ԼܵһУָŭ⣡
ЩδӣסͷĪļߣŵ룬޴Ū֮⣬ƳŶԷߵƶ񷲷ӿɲġСֵܣԵڴˣذɣ
һüͷһ˼ĵͷ˵ƫ֮ȴҲ޵
һԷк⣬δϸ룬ֻԷ۾һɣţĶ뺸շ˹ȥ
棬һԵСȵĺһ˫ֿտյһ벻ĶΪλԼܵ
һһĶȷһƽعӡĶ뺣עӵĵʿݡ䲻֪ԵʣȴŭԪ䣬ҲԼʦģ˭Ҳܽߡ
Լ񲻶лȥһʱȴͻȻĪ龪ѣоЩЦԼʦļңǿռȥǺܿЦȴҲգȻԷڼֺαطôأ
뺸Ҵʵһɫ䣬ŭ˵һԪ۶ʮһΨһˣԪû䣬ҲʲôС֮ͽͿ̤ġУҵȭͷӲ˴˵㣡
һü𣬲Է£һץСԺһסߵԺУɣƮͥԺתѾվڴ֮ǰ
ӺСһ𣬻𣬾ֵĿһС˵ûˤˣӦ⻹һʹɾ¡
Сŵֻ˵ɴ۾Сһоת˲ȥɫеľת˷ܡ
ӼѵĴ˿ĵҪ˵滰ԼǱˣⲻΧéתҲ֣Լ׾ٵ顣뵽˴ɵóһ亹
Ϊ½󣡡һĿд⣬ŵһ£Խпࡣ
ӱϷŪСһٽ¡ǣӣҪڸֵȭ֮£ǲʵҲԼԸ
ˣˣԼŸӣɲˣռȵ飬ͷ鰡ҲǾõóѵġƲʹ棬ҲӱĲֶΡȫ޷ŵƣæǰ߼ɫǫʩ¸ǰŴ˴Ƶ꣬ԪѿһˡҸͷûȥ˴Ѱڷ絲ĵطȴðСС˴ŹҸӣҸȥ
˵꣬ɪãȻ֮⣬һ˹֣̾˿Сתȥ
һĬĬԸӡǽ츣ĺӲסͷдвį˼̡
һѿ˵
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ɫЦһ˵ӣʮ꣬츣
һ۶Գ˼꣬һ£˵ҹСӦΪˣòҸһʶɣŹҸӶˣ¸м˵꣬
ҴӦΪ㸸Ӷˣֻһ˿֪֮ɷΪ˵ϸһЩ
һŶ˵
һ黫ģɶԴԼȴ¶ǺüĿ㣬丸ĺ֮ǶĸɡʿôȢޣһȴȻҪʸס
ӿЦһ˵ȻѯʣֻϸҲգˣ֣˵ԭ壬ɣ֮ڸҲ˶˵ݡڷ;бɽɽȥΪֻùȫ¼Ҿ庮ӿء
ڼǰɽկƣ½˳ȥȥֻĺӡַﴫΪɽˣʹ롣ҸӶֻ磬;ʱͬšͬΪ죬ΪıӪΣ´ӷ˼꣬˸ֻΪ°˵ʿ뺣ҲЯֹҸƬ׶֮أԪûտʴ㡭
ԭʿǺڷկϵΪлǣɽկɽȥΪֻɽկľʦ̫ƽھɽկӻؼȥɷȻţֻһӡ
òȴԶ˵˸ƯͻݵķˡΣޱ䣬ŮŶӹ¿ҲǱ֮ˡ
ɽϼøӷ˵ȥֻô߰ĺĴˡǰԪۣӶ֮˭֪Ĺˡ
ҲǸˣһ֮ʵǸӶ˲֪Ժȥδ
ӲҵһЦҡҡͷһ˵ǸӶڴ˿صۣ㸸ӿɷԸ⣿
һСһ峺ˮӣвα¶ϲɫæһѳ츣ллһҸӶһúÿصۡ
츣Ҳͯл
ǺǣҪסġӣԪ۵Ĺ㻹ŰɣһͷҲһᡣ
⣬ôɡԲ˵
ôɣԪǧ괫Уûˣʣһ˶ѡ㸸ӶԸԪۣһ׮
һǣҡԼԺȥԪ˿أֻԺһѷġӸӶˣԪ۵ĴȴȥҲһ׮¡
츣ݼӻȥʩûϲĿŶӡ
һδ˰ݹһܣȴӲסˡ
ӼԷΪ裬Ҳȥʩ񣬱һæ¶ɫɱԪ۾˶ѣ񣡡ֻһԼţ䲻кȻԪû䣬вɽկдҲЩʶ
ĺ书Ե̾һ䡣
ǺǣһˡһЦԪ۵ĲԫϱںеˣЩڡ
ӵҲ࣬ʵֵ֪־Ӻδ
ɽУΪʦ顣ɽϾסǣ롣һ˵ƫɾס㸸Ӷǡ
Ϊͽ𣿡
һתȥ츣üĿ鶯ӱǵģϲҡͷЦ㺰ҴҲɵģҲŶͣͽأС
츣˵书ôͽأΡ
һԵҲǿĿһҪһܴ츣书ԼӶԺҲ˵̡
⡭츣ģֿ㷲飬һԭ˼˼һ£̧ͷˣ˵ͽҲᡣҿԽ츣书Ԫ۴пԴڵģҶᴫ㸸Ӷˡ
ͽݼʦ츣ûһ䣬˹ڵأˡ˼ͷ
һæһܿҿû˵ͽܰӶϬҲΪл
ʦԲͽܣͽУʦʦ츣Ը˷ܵ˵
⺢ӱԼʮʱˣԼҲʮ갡
ƾɵﻹеʿģոձ˹б˺ʦ⡭


24 ɽ
СɽĲ
һʽԪԪñʳ¼һݣְԪͰٲݻ׫пõķҩժ˳ԥһ£ִԪ˸ĹġԪУժ¼ǰĹ
ļ¹Ƥ¬ģ泭¼ֱֽŲҪǿһЩ
һĶ߳˲һᣬӸһǰһСɽ
ֵҸӶˡ
ԶӾæʩһ΢ЦǴ˸к츣Ҳһ߹ʩ񣺡Ӽʦ
ͻȻðͽܣһеͷۡ䲻츣ͽܿɱ츣һһġʦţﲻӦҲþܾ
ѵԼСͣҲʮ꺢ӵɣ
һȴ֪Ӹĸˡ
һ꣬һ˵ɽȣ书Ī⣬һƾɵڲסüɣ΢ЦϣһݵȻѣⲻǸʲôأֱͣӱ˺ˡ
һתɽߴڣǰͣ½Ų
Ԫ۵ʦ֮ĹҲʦƵ֮Ĺһ˵
ĬĬӸǰͷ
ү仧ԪۣԵɣܳ°ݣο١
ȻߵʦʦԺҲԪ۵ˡһ΢ЦעӶˣӸҲ
үãһط仧һɵϿɣȻѾĲˣ˷ʲôû֪ҲүԺһҲ˵
ӣԪʦŴģֱǡԪ롶ٲݻ׫˵ţһӻó¹Ƥû˵ֻժ¼һС֣˵Ҳûã粻˵ׯأֻӽشȥ
¶мС˫ֽӹ¹Ƥ
ЩôЩɻ󲻽⣬һ˵⡶ٲݻ׫ҽɱȣϰβ˵ڻ£ҽˡ׹ǵҩԺϰæͷƵǹ֮顣
츣һ֣
ʦ츣˷ܡ
һЦһεҡҡͷ¹Ƥ˵Ԫ۽ڹھϰ֮󣬲ڽһֵģҪڼ
츣ԣСǵͨ죬ȸԾʦһúѧģҲΪʦһĸ֡
˵ˣҲʦһüͷ΢塣
ֵ⴫ڵܲʦأʦνããӼԷвͣæǰȰο
һϲ츣ԼӦƺѡ룬˵Ҳ㲻ټƽϴ¡
һݣɵĶŶ˵֮ڣԪˣ⴫мǣ
ӸæǡСģһ˵츣£Ȼȥɣ˵ִӻͳһʮӣӻһ˵ϻУЩȥ㸸ճ֮ðɡ
Ȼæƴǣһתڰ֣ʾȥ
֮ϣһ˫Ŀ¶죬͵͵۽ǣŴҴȥ
츣վڰ׷ͣһ츣ͷָһƽأԸȥ¡
š츣æӦһ
һµ츣˵ʲô룬ķɣ츣֡šһ
츣һ֣Ḳ츣İٻϡ
ʶ۲һ츣ڵľԼһ˿ذٻ㡢ڶᷴϴž
츣ܵ𣿡һЩĵʵ
츣ûµġ
һ֪ʮſԴͨζɲ֪ˣʦҲûԼԼϾҩǿͨζأʹ࣬Ҳ˷ĵá
ʿڵ书ֵ֪ǿٱһ뵱ȻΪԼҲΪ츣һ¡ʹù˾ҲкôԺ츣ڹһ°빦ġ
һ䲻츣ͽܣԼ뿪ӸӶڴˣĵеΡԼΪǶһЩҲһֲɣ
һֻȥ裬δ뵽ӸӶ˵ҲǵĪԵʱĪһһ֮⡣
츣΢΢һ¡һʶУ츣ڵһ¶ϣ͵عٻʹ츣СߡһȴأͲ
츣СȴҲ˶ⶣϻ۲ʧ㡣ˢǿдͨζĹ̿಻ԣҲǿ
һͷж츣ֶһϲ
һʱ츣۾ŲԶ£һ΢ЦԼæ˹ȥ˷ܵ˵ʦ츣ûǾлʦ˵꣬ڵϾͿͷ
һҲãεĳԣɳɹˡ츣ʮĿ๦ֻҪ޿书Ľһǧ
ǺǣˣȥɣԺÿճˣҽ㽣һ˵
츣üɫܿˣһ·Ц

ʱڣɽУ̺죬ɫʰ쵡ɽеڣ֮ϣҲһɫéʧȥ̣˽ƣ⻨̵ɽ䣬ԵúĿ
һڲĿĦķĲ㹦ûи¼ķֻھΪǳԵ콣ĳΣһѷɽѷɽ档ϧûзɽ֣ΨһĽʼʶУûһĶ
㹦Ҳֻ֮ͬȼЩھΪԼΪҪ;ϡް취ûϾԼ֪ҪܵĿǰΪأûϾҲûڵԼɣ޵У㣬Ժ߶Զڴ
̯ƣĳһСʯͷһ龧Ө͸ʯͷ»˵ɫʣԸ޴һǬʯеһ顣
ٵĺöѸٲȱʧʼղãΪ̫ˣˣҲûˡһ֪Ӻδܻʯ
ߵĸԶ̵ʱˡ
ɽϷƮţԶԶ츣
һɽ䣬Ӹһ˹
ʦ츣ͺ
ֵҲʺ
һע⸸Ӷ˺һû츣һ£־Լʦ
һһ̾ϢӸӶУЩ㷲
ҽʮꡣ츣ذҵʦģһͻȻ˵츣е㷢ЦʵҰ㵱ԼСֵܿ뺰ʦɣԸ书ԺһΪ
츣˿æʦһúģ
һ΢Цŵͷת׶˵Ԫ㸸Ӷ˿ҲʡȥҲǣңҸǸӵĶܰǺúõĻȥ
ҪߣӾʵ
ǰҪˡСһԶδϣŲζ׽
ʦҪ𣿡츣ŵԼʦ
һġԸһʱܿԪɽʢһ˰ο츣˰οԼ
ΪʦˣҪ֪ʱܹԪ۾и㸸ӶˣԪ۵ΪΣ㸸ӺúõĹҪġ
ֵҸӶҵɫ
һͷתȥʦԪ˵Ĺǰ˼ͷ
ʦľƺ«˩䣬ƽһ¹Ƥ츣츣
츣ȦѾˣˮۿдת
һ˵ʦҵƽڴ㡣
츣ͨһڵأ˫йƽ
һ¹Ƥɫ¶һ˿ɣ漴֣˵Ԫ۲֮ءԪɳϰ˽ԴˡʮʱδϰСɣ֮ԺزΪɴаɣ
츣еףȴȻͷǡ
һ˺󼸲ĿĿʦķͲԶ˶ĿӸӶ˵ϡ
ʾһХһڿնԽߣɽԶȥ
츣ˮӿ겻ѣ
ӶһӰԶȥ


25 ·
ǧ̫ƽɽɽͣʯᾣľ죬޾Ұޡɽɽƶֻͣż˻ҩߣֵĴɽıԵ̫ƽɽ˼
ɽΧֺУȻһӰ纣еֺʱʱ֡
תۣӰ̣Ʈһ޴ʯ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʯϳһŻҾӵֻ꣬«üĿʣ硣
ֺоɳ۵һ
Žɫãĳޱȡ
һֱܾʩչ̵Ĵɽڣľۣ֮ڽʯ֮䣬ɳۣһĿ⡣
һҪȥƽһˡûɽĵ·һ˶಻ܾʩչһ̫ƽ̫ƽɽࡣͻ֮£ѭŴµķ򣬴ɽֱ̫ƽ·ҲЩ
̧ͷɫѹ硣
һЩ⣬ԼĽܸҲˣôû̫ƽɽأԼֻ˾ʩչߴ·
ֻǣ˰㳤üۣġ
СƬ̺һһ·򣬽żһ㣬һ̵ǰȥ
ɽֺۣ֮ҰʶͿĺԶǰľϡһϲҪ˴ɽıԵˡ
Խһɽ壬ɽ¹ľУһɽ·֡Ȼ㴩̫ƽɽ
ֻ·ԤĸԶһЩԴˣһҲ⣬𣬽Ųմذ㣬±ȥ
ſɽ·䣬סΣǰһۡɽ·ľ֮Уһ򱱣һ˳ϣԼӦδȥأ
·͸ˣٸ߸ߵĴˣȻ˭֪ܵȥأбھҲá
֮ʱһͻȻ򱱱ȥ
һһɽ·֮ϡ
һˡǰ泵һֵӦ֮ףһĺԱǸСͷֳ޼ݳ滹ӣǿ׳Я
·䣬˼絽ǰ棬ְŵĶһϳͷҲæͷͣ
λСֵܣΪסҵȥ·ϵ˿ʵǻһ˿϶ЦݣɫԵӲ
һŷԼ·䣬ɲǵס˼ȥ·Ҳ֪ǵʲôؽ磬˽ԼٵˡԷȭ˵·ڴ·ɽԻȥƽġƽﲻɽճɽȴ治巽ˣǺǣ˵꣬㾽Ц
Ŷ˳һ¡һ־ɣɽСģ޳ֻϡŹֹҸ«˶ԷĻ
ǰȥ̫ƽ·Сֵѭ·ǰбɡЦݲˣ̬ȴࡣ
һʼ䣬˼Ҳԣֻһԣ˵λ룡
ǰĺӻͷʾ⣬˵ͷһ֣֡ǰС
ʻʱеĺ䱸һĿЦûԼˣǲ˼һ·ǰˣֻԶԶģںš
ƹģ֮˵Ƨһ·Ҳ¡ϳһ߸ųһ߶š
˭ɶʱأڷկƣﵹҲࡣȥ˴ͣȴҲǡƹӦ
еĶƹĻΪԵáӦþƹе
ǰмʮﶼɽ·СЩáƹºСӣͷֶж˼䡣
һԶԶ׺ں棬˵ĶԻ֪ԼóȻ֣˼Ҷ˷ݵǣȥΣԹǰȥ֮ףҡͷաǰ;δ֪ԼСΪϡ
ʮ·һҡԴҳţȴڻζĿ⡣ֻ֮ʣüͷ΢΢һ壬ͣ٣ּǰš
Ȼδ߶Զɽ·ͻȻܳӰɡһ˻
ֱֳ鱩ĺӵǰ档
ɽϳͷһ
ģͷһֳִ󵶣ݺ·䡣
ȻүүһһҲĴСš
𡭡𣡼λúү̫ƽФƹ⡭µһ⣬λúү̧֣Ź£¡мƹ类ŵɫ԰ף亹ܣϹ´ӻͳǮ˫ַϡ
ͷĺһЦһקǮ˵뻳һŽФƹ߷
үүҪȼүүȫΣúӻĴ󵶣ĴЦ
ФƹƨɸϳͷҲŵĿɿڴ
һۣһҧֵ
ɽ۶Ƶ
ɽΧҲмֺ£ȣ·ƴͣ
ζԷ˶࣬ͷĺһԣδ֣Ȳʤȯм֡
ɽ׺˽֧вҺѣѪŽۼܴᡣ
ͷĺֹЦĿ¶׹⣬Ĵ󵶣Фƹ
ƹļ״ŵõͷܣǺһϷŪģĸںͷ
ŵȽŷФƹûܼһͷˤڵϡ
ͷһգӣ


26 ҹ
Фƹ񾪻֮ʣֻáԡһ졣ֻۣһֵĺӦͨˤڵأӾҳ鴤£ˡ
δƹĻعɽѷŹˣ˹
ƹæǰȥ̧ͷһ꣬ɫƽֳһ󹭣ǰԶվԾ֮ʣһԡ죬һ֦һɽؿڣһ˵ڵءһɽɫ¶ֻţɣŤͷܡ
Χ˵ɽ״һ֣գ۾ûӰ
ǼϢĹۿŴѸ֮ʣǼ׼ɽʬףת֮زز
·ͻȻμת֮£ĿϾӡ
һ־ƹһУʶͷּʮǰǱƹΣʱɱɽɽһ
лСֵܳȣФĳмƹľԶϵĶһʩл
ЯţҲлǰһɵɽСӣδ󾹳˾Ķˡ
벻СֵֶθǿղǺգûɽ˱뺷Фƹµ˵ŶԷе󹭣ĵѰɱ
ԼеˣһɫЩס֮Ҳûô࣬˭ת۱ɱˡ˾ôԼһʱл̡̻
һ֪ǣⲻ״ɱˣǸǮ뿪˶һغˣۿԼǰ˵ʮ꣬ѰĳҲʴӡ
ʦ˵½رıɣɱ˲ҲǾ𣡶˶һФƹ˵ֻɽˣƽʹ󹭵ģʲž֮ͣƹףֽС䡣
ڶԷĿеĺ棬һֻ֪
ƲأһתһȦ˼ҩ˰˹˿ڡ߸м˴˽˸񣬰ɽеСӶͦࡣ
һȥȥɽѪʬѪ쳣һŻǿŲʣüͷȡԼøɾ¹Ƥ
ɽһ£ФƹǮ⣬мʮӡȻһԾӰʬˡ
֪Сֵմأ
˾һҲƣ룬һЪϢФƹһ¡
ҽһһһФƹӣĵ̣治֪һ·ĵôŹġ
ֵܣ֮Ͳ˵ˣһ⣬¡Фƹ˵ţһ򿪺һǰģһѵӺһǮӡ
һ˵Фƹʲôˡ
ФƹԷܣֵȱƴǣһԡ󲿷ֶ˵֮δϧˡȻɱģЩС⣬ǮҵģȴҲֵġ˵꣬һеһ
Է⶯˵ֵЩҲҵԱлˣ
һҲˣФƹ˵е룬Ҳٽ飬ֽӹְǮȡݸФƹ˵ФƹʢȴұˣǮӦԭźá
ֵܣⲻɷФĳǮӦ㡣ФƹæǮһȥ
һ裬˵ǶλΪ˻ʧҲǾ˱֡Фƹ踧
ֵܹĵģФƹ˵꣬Ǯȡһ֮ݾܾ˵ҲҪФĳԱɣƴˣ
ͷһ鲻ʮҵĽӡһĵФƹǮˣ¡Ӷ˵ͷһӿֵǮˡ̧ͷԷһľѽ뻳
Фƹ״˿ü۴Ц˵СֵɽȴüʣȲ书ҲӦ֪ȥ̫ƽΪ
ФƹһľȴҲǺƽˣӦǸֵˡ
һɽСӣʲô书һЦҡͷתһ룬ʵФƹƽˣ֪˵Сط
ŶСꣿФƹһᣬͷ˵ˣ̫ƽԱʮﴦôط֪
Ѱףһƽ˵
˳·˵طһֵܵġФƹˬ˵
ǾллФƹˣһ¶Цݡ
ֵܣҲ֮ĪҪ̫ˣФƹࡣ
Фƹ̫ƽˣǴӺζһʵ
ֻûɽﺢӣФƹ¹󣬻ָ˵ıɫý̸
ԭȥ򱱣ͨ
󣬶ɽȴԲʯΪ¡ʴˣ鱦ˣǴΪࡣФƹƽҲ˼ӣƽܽŵӹ̹أ⻹㲻
˴Фƹǰѡ˼ϵȵʯϣ˻ֻ̹񽳵һۣӦһС档ϲŹ̹ٷˡһȥⳡ֮֡
˶ԷǰһаȡԼڴɽֻͷ·ȴ紦˴̫ƽ·ءҲ˵ܹͷˡ
һ̹·ˣһԶǽںͬС
ʮȥɫɽ·ԵҲ
ʻ֣ǰһƬյأһԴżʯ
ФƹƣȴʧĶһ˵ɽСǴ·ˡ˴ƽٶԶҲһ·̣ɫʹЪϢҲ·
ϳͷæŰˣȴ޴󰭣ҲЩݲݸɲȼһϯضԡɽҹʪҲó档˶ƣ벻ģΧһ𣬳Ÿ
һȥһˬʯȶϳͷźڣ˼⸬һˮ
Фƹ˺ࡣϳͷԴ˯ԶĬĬʳϡһȮһѣһڻԣﱧŰѵžģҹǶ˱֮£ֻЪϢ
һ˫΢գȾʶΧɢ
ϰ˴ȴ˯붨̨תһҹˬٱĸоܺá
ڴ˴һҴ⣬תκ󣬾˯˯Ķš
ĺɫĺϣҹɫ
ɽҰյȴǾĵģֻʱȼž졣
һĿʱüͷȻһ
Լһ˿һġ¡
ﱧĲ֪ƫתԴ·ʲô꣬ɫͻ䣬æһɵͬ顣
𣡡ԭ˯ظ֮Ӧһûѹһ£ֺһµ
ʱ涶ңϳͷҲ۾ãȻĴ
˻󼱾죬ҹһƬϯ
ФƹڱͻĶѣȴڵϣһĻȻ


27 
ϵݣӰӰȡ
ɡһ󼤰˻ʮƥεӿ֡
ݣһĿ絶㣬ŵϼ֮ˡ
Фƹ˲ԣ㷲
֮˽Ƭ̺漴˷Ըһ£ƥȥһϣֱֳм
Фƹæе޴롣Ҳ
֮Уһ۳ԽһФƹ˹˹֣˵ɫ·㣡˴ЪϢˣͳϣȴʮ㡣
Фƹɫ˿æֻ񣺡ͬǳ⣬ԵԱ㣡
ףżΧ֮ʣ۽΢̧оһɨФƹˡֱֳҲΪ⡣
ˮ֪ФƹЦݣֺõ˵
߲Ӧǻֻ΢΢ҡҡͷȻˮ͸
ǺǣǾͺãǾͺãФƹЦ˼ûȤ˺˼Զ𼸲ڨڨ¡ҲŲŲϳͷԼҿ
ϣʰ׵ˣһһʮͷ˴ż˹һԼѰطȥˡ
ͩɫֱǷڣһ˫۾ò䡣ֵ˵꣬һƨԣֳظӣӹͬˮͷˮĽˮĨֱͣʹ졣
ʦ֣⸬𿾹࣡Աһ׾ӵݹһ⸬
λʦֲӹڽͷźߣóԵģоƾ͸ˣ
ٺ٣ʦ֣ȥٺȲٵġ׾ʮ˾ܾͣģ͵͵һ۳ߺЦŶԶʦ˵
ʦֹһЦ˵һ
Сӣһȥ
˲ɵѭȥֻĿӣԶһʯǰԵŵһָֻšƾɣ飬ֻĬĬվҲֱ淴һ˴¡
ʦּ˼ˣֲֵҡͷЦЦתԺȲͣ
һѰһԶ˵Ŀյأޱ¡ղűߵȻ
ڰʮʱ㱻һһֱǰͬФƹ˵ľʧ룬һԵ֪
һʮƥʮ˽书ֻһ졣̫ƽʱزγϵĳߡػ֮ˣǶʮľ׳ӣŲ죬ֽᳵ·ӣҹɫв졣ҲһʮˣһΧڿյϣˮŸЩ˳ǳ߿֣϶ЯбҲΩߣ೤ڹףЩ棬书ߡ
һڴʯ£УէûȥϢԳأʯͷҲû쳣
ǣЩ˷һע⡣ЩƥУʮƥЯ̴ľСľ䣬·ǳʶһ鿴ľװĶһиõʯһȻһֻľеʯȻ
һæʶ͸ľ䣬ϸ顣ʯʶ״͸һƵʯУȻһС̺ʯоʯоӨ͸״̶ٲȻԼǬʯ
Ȳѣ
ЩôЯʯأʯΪʲôԼϲͬǱʯأʮƥľУȻֻһʯкʯ
ͬӱ˽һ㣬һЩĥЩ˵ʱǰϡ
Ѱƽ̹ﴦЪϢԴˣһ⡣˿ԼǰЩԷ⡣
˵һʮ߰ˣɫڣϸĿڣ۹綹͸žҲ¶ѱְ½¶ڽЦǳǰռ˵طСӹ
һŭȴҲмִͷóط¡
󷢳ЦҲδšֻİ⣬Щ˾˭Ҫʯʲôǰ֣һ˳˼С
ڶ죬컹δǻ˱뿪һФƹһ·Ҳź̡ʱͣЪϢһᣬּ·ֱδʱФƹ¶ϲɫŻĿ˵
ʮ·̣Ϳɵƽˡƽתλˣͷкϣ
ǾͶлФƹˣϳͷҲ˷ܡ
ֵܰǰ治ԶиȥС·ФƹŤ˵
ƹ˵ĲвʮһɽġϳͷҲ͡
һ΢Цͷл֪ΪΣСطڲԶʱﱻĪʲô¡
뼸˷ֺǰС·һĽ¾Щ
һɫ˷أŲǰȥ
ʮ·ܽҲյĹ򣬱ܴͷͷ
ʮ·Ҳܳʮδ·ľͷһʲôģ
С꣬һֱԸȥĵطУֻеġ
·꣬ľСϪһ֪Ҳ
ֻнµС·ǰչǣʧ㣬һһǰС
֪˶ãһ㵽˾ͷ
һľȻͣ˽Ų۾ǰ
ɽƴȮ
һССɽӳ۵ס


28 ؼ
ϲֿ֪ɽ𣿡
ڴ£һߣһʯͷϣݣϢ
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ַ룬̧ǵ۾ߡ
İƾɣȴҲüĿʣƬ̣˵˵ֿиֿɽֿɽˣȥֿѯһ£ڴͷʯԺǽľˡ
ɤɳƣᣬ΢΢һ˿˵һõ顣
лϲ
һл
ǵȴͦεıӰȥߵֿɽк˲ɣ

һȦͰʯԺǽΧԺһСƫӦ̴ðŴ̡Ժ࣬һô£һʯƬɵʯ뼸ľʡ
Ժھĵġ
һԺŴڹš
˭
һʮŮӣһ黨ϴŲżֻ߳׾С̣ͦһ˫Ӻڰ׷Ĵһ
ҡһ֪οڡĿ뿪СŮȥ
һʮеĵĺ߳ӣһɵҴֲѣֽŴִĶ룬ɫеڣʵ˵ģǺЦ΢΢º˵Сֵ˭
һɤЩ죬ͷɡ꺺ӣһһ˵ҵֿɽһ
꺺ӵЦϣľȻţż
ָ֣һţæ߼Ժţɴ۾ϸһ
꣬͵ػͷһɤӣ
һλˣȹΣɾ䡣˼Ŀ񼣬һ˫۾Ů
ǡ
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ѵǡ˵ͷһᣬ̧ͷһ´š
ɾԺ⡣
ҲüĿмġҵ졭ĪǡּӶһ
Ǻǣǵģ
һ´ȣԺţһסһȦ죬˷ܵ˵ҾֿֿɽҴ磬ɩѣֻҴֶӲ֪գűһ˾ߣӣһ𣿡
һ˵꣬Щƣסһֲ
һĺһ˺һ
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æšӦǸᣬæڲһ£ϴЦݣкֶøҡ
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ӴǺǣǻؼˣСһӺЦһĿоǸп
⺺Ӿһ塣ţһŮдʮ꣬ǷΨһŮ

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ĵĸӷʳ
ֿһ߳ţһߴϲöֶ
벻ĺڶ󣬻Ѱֶƾɣȴüֹ˴˵ĳģﱶο
ͻȻ˸磬䲻֪ɴǺܸˡº͵Ц׽
һԲвˣȻһ˫ÿĴ۾͸뻶ãһŲͣ
һҲһ㣬常飬ǳȵĿ⡣ĬĬŷֿȴİ顣
Ψһʦʦˣһйµ
ڤڤ֮Уʦ˵طǣԼ
СꡪԼĵطԼļңûгɣҲδ룬ΪʦТеٻôԼѰˡѰԼ䣬ˡ
˵븸ĸмƣֻǸĸʲôģ޴ӵ֪ˣһҲûô֤ʵԼּҵĺˡֿҲûɶԷһʱľ㵺󣬾ϲĽֶ
һֿ˵˵Ȼ
ԸѪ֮⣬ҲǶƶ֮ˣĴڣɣ

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һյ͵ƣݵܰ
常һҹеĿ⣬һԼʮľµ˵һ顣ʵҲûʲô˵ģʦһӣҲɽ϶ȹЩѰ飬常һ˵ȴǱϡ档
Сһ书򵥰ֿһʦϰ䣬޲ڡ
ĸ䣬˼˭Ǯȥϰأ书Ǯ˼Ҳſʽġ
һЩҵĴǳ򣬲ֵһģһҡҡͷǫѷ˵
磡ǵʿ𣿡ʵһЦЦ֪
粻ʿˣԺҪȢӣúùӵģֿ˵ЦǺǿһ
ԼûжʼǼ£ֶֽֿ϶쿪ˣּںˡ
۾ѾЦһ·翴Ƶġ
һ͸һ˿ΣֻЦ
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ҼҵɽػĶһĿҲǿֻԭȴķʮȥʧޣס˵꣬ӹЩǡ
޷ģһݣСһסݰɣֿɺº͵˵
ðסݰɡҰʰһ£ȸԾ

һĬĬδйһС״عæֹ˴ʵ
常ȥ𡭡
ٿɣɫˡֿЩֵĵһۡ
һ˵常СһУ


29 С
ɽһ磬常Һ治Զ
һͺͺԺǽڡѵ˴룬Ժ䲻ķ϶ģ
һ常ɫҹɫ˷ȴأԸɴ˫֡ĸеԲסֶ
Ǽ׾ݵԵʣûܶԴķӼʱɣʵ˻Ǿ
ڵģȥɣ뼸ʰһ£ɺã
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ǰԼưܵļңһ뿪䷿ݶѾ̮¶ֻƫá
˵أסأֿЩż
常Ҿסˡһվûܡ
⺢ӣҪô˵أֿԭתһȦһ½ţ̾תȥ
֨ѽһƿţһɳʪùһ˸һСڵĻҳùһɨա
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һֿϯӵй֮⡣
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ãһ޷붨ڸĸ飬İĸ۰ʲôоҲҲδլУȴŸĸĴڣԼһ㣬ﺰŵͬǵ֡
һˡһ¡
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У¶Цݣ۽ȴһƬʪ󡭡
ڼ˯ǣ˲Ը

߷һĨɫʱһҹɽ壬ˡ
磬𡭡𣬴Ļſڻζһ¡
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Цţǰ
磬˯úһ˯ﲻ𣿡Ĵ۾ضŸ粻š
һЩʧʶ۾ɬڡĻعǰɰĴ˵µģ簡
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ȥʲôҲȥ𣿡һķš
ȥҩģ˵ܵǮøӵģ˵Ҳȥأ˵ɫдһڴ
ҩɽϲɵģɹˣͿȥϻǮġҲ˲أ
һ߳Сݣıһԣһͣ

һǰԺ常¨װŲҩⲻһ֡
ЦЦ˵Լ˯ĺȥæ
СһȥһˡŻؼңúڼЪϢ˵˵ҲתתֿԸ
常Ҳ۵ģһȥɣһ˵ѻ
һͣӻͳһСݵ˵Щðɡ
ֶҲҪһȥϣֿ̹˳ֽӹ˰˵Ҳãǡ¶֮ɫִ˰ҲĴ˹
δ򸾶һԼͬһѰơ
Ҳδ˶ǮǴģһסؿڣһ̾
ӣģɱ𡭡ֿһľСȦѹǻʵ
常Ǯøɾľǡ³˶ԷĵǣһѰ廳ȥ
ЩԵ۶õĹ常Ծľ֮ɫֻ˰οŶԷһʱϸ˵Ҳ˵
˼һۺЦ⣬ɫ̹ȻŽɵˣЩǮ㽨Ȣ֮ãԺճأʲô
֪Ȱ˵Էһε˵常ЩǮֶТġ
ЩҲ̫ˣСҲˣֿе㾪δšҲһģ
һڳݷ˵ļƣȻ˵һʵ⡣
ɣӸһ㣬ɷݾͳɡ»СһԸŰɣʵֿ޿е˵
ЩżþǣҲȱǮõġһ̯ƣ¶һӣЦ˵
ֿɻĿһϵӣͻȻֵЩŪס
һ½ţöƵģֿ˵ЩȥغˣɱƼˣȻ۶ʣģ
֪æӦŰݡһ״ǮΪһҴźãҲԼûȫ
ֿһԶôԡ
ͷͣӡ
һ󣬾øǰǲ뿪ſˡүЩ̣ȥء
һ¨ǰ棬һԳ½֣ߴߴ˵ֿͣǼһͷʵҺϣ˷㷽任š
ڴ£ͣ˽Ų
£һλű飬վԶ
ߵɫףһκϼԼʡ
үү簡ֺһ
ãֿҲʺһ
һϵԼָ·ˣʾ⣬Ǵ˸к
߻תַ룬¶ͰЦݡһǵһ漴Ŀ⿴º͵˵ȥ𣿡
һȥģ˵ҡһ½Ȼ˵
ߺǺЦŲȥĿȴһıӰϣ˼
Ӵе֪Լʮ꣬գʲô֣˶֪ڼǰһ˴ˣƽʱ̴ĺӶʶ֣ܴװΪ˲ѧţƢº֮ͣΪ
Ӳ滷ɽɽʲôж˼ңȵЩһȥѯʣдһһ˵
ҵĺڹ̣ڵĸµɽҰܺóԣдͷɽȪ𡭡
·д˵ͣʮ·Ҳڲ֪йȥˡ
˸ϵƽʱͷСĽֵӿ


30 ƽ
ƽ̫ƽСƽ֮һСһɽУһֺᴩͷկбָկš
ʵһС
ϸϳɽŸ죬͸ӡĽֵԵɫ˵һֺ֡
ڽϣһɵ¬ǵ¬˵Ӿƽһܽ˻ȥͺˡ
ˣֺֿǺǵĴ˵
һ̧ͷǰһҩ̡ϵı¨ȡ˵常ȥͷѰһλˣһͻ
ɣȥɣֿˬĴӦ
Щһڰ֡
һЦŵͷֶͷȥ
һߣһ߿˲Զͼֱһɵĵ桪ФꡣһɵǸФƹƼˮ֮󣬲ԵԵɢûҪйĽ¶˵Цݣ²ͣǰȥ
ɫС̯ǰΧˡ
˵ĵǰӵɴ۾Ѳֹ
о̬һ㡣
βһĶдƹƹҡĻѭȥһӳǰ档Ӳǰ̰ϣһŵͷͷһԵľϣһЩߡ
һ¯죬һʮĺӣֺţŨüۣŰӣᣬӴ
ƹ֮Ľ
ŴĺӲ֮ʣһЦźһ¬磡
Ǻ̧ͷ¶ϲ¯һⲻСһ𣡹ֳأҵ߶㣬
ˬʵЦδ䣬⺺ӻӶʵֱۣһкš
⺺Ӿ¬Ķ¬ͣˬһϲ
¬Ͱһ̺СԺӵ¬һϲ˼𻰲ᡣ

˵ֿŴ߽ҩ̣ץҩĿ˻١õۿ˼һԵĲĽĻҲæͣ
ֿŮˣű¨ڵУǰۡһųɽӵӣӸߴĹ̨߳ʵҩĵģ
ϸŵĴһæڵ
ƹģβҩġֿæͷЦ
ޱ顰šһкһƣԸȥǱ߰ɣ
һܹѸŮ˴һԵҩġֿѱ¨ĲҩСȡڵ̯Ÿ˳ӣһСűʺ˱Ҳ˹
ٽ룬ҶʪɣһóӵĻһ߷ŪϵĲҩһĳŽñʵĻһԷɿ¼š
ʯϲݶҶСɣһɽʲݡһɣһ
ֺֿõĺǺЦţֻɫЩĶǸĻơ
С;ϸߣ߷߲ƽð۳ĵĻơЩԼɹ˵Ϻҩģᵽ˶Է˲أ
ȿȣƹ𣿡
һƵɤ𣬴Ũص̵
漴һŹʵӣҡſڡ˶ʮͣɫ԰ף۴ףһ˫ﷺףĿ
֪кηԸƹϼЦݣ߼ӭǰȥ
۾һһʱִˣһһԲ֮ͽ
ҼҹЩ̵ۣ𣬿ȥŪȥ̲ĺҩӳɤӷԸ
һ£ԴƬ̣ƹæķԸƣСԷһ
ɨһܣɫƹģԹӵ䲻ҩģСĴԱƹ
ƹЦѿֻεĸЦźһԲҶԡ
ʱҲպ˲ҩΪֿˡ
һǮӣúˣ˵ţһСӺͼֿͭһȥ
ţõģлˣֿСİǮ뻳͵ͷߡĵĻͷŮδĴ;һɴײԼؿڡ
ֿɵáϡһڵءǰһ󷢺ڣ͸һؿڣ̧ͷ
һĺӣɷ㶢ţɽˣϹɤ졣
ͷؿڵЬӡֿ֪Ǳһšƺ˵ģ֪Լǲ˿Цûλүˣ
Ҳûô˼ˣͱһŴСͨ죬æʰ¨վ
ߣޡӵһбһŨ̵µֿϡ
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۵ΪЩô޹ʴ˻ˡļ֮£˲ñģͳǰȥҪס
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ӵ˶Ϣһ
һӺݾĴҲԼɵˡ
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Ӹ׵۴˼£͸һ˿а⡣ǰһ߬סƤЦⲻЦ˵ֵʮǮҰɣ˵﷢¸µЦ֪Ѿͷⲻ
ӣҲģЦϷʵб۹⣬ŶεСѾͷ
ûǮҡƾʲôҵּȴѣۿдת
ûǮ£ӹЦһǾˡģҰѾͷߣ˵ŰѴǰһơ
ĵĺӣ¶ĵаЦǰһצӣץסߡ
͸һ˿аСѾͷģ˵׼Ǹأ
޺СϹˮ
ҹŮ
ֿһŭ𣬺۾ôҲû뵽ԼȻãȻԼĴ
Լӣۿ޺ֿĶ˺ˡҲûʵ˵ģȫҪƴļơ
һŴߣԲĺȴں档ǹЦδɽ˷ִסԷֱۣһлŵĴһȥɣ
鼱֮µֿ⺺ӵĶ֣䲻ֱˤ⡣
ֻֿдֻȻشļ֮ʱﻹ˵࣬ԲˤһɶԶʯֵϡƺһһʱȻһˤĲᡣ
ҩͻȻˤŵýϵһߣһ㵲ѡ
ͣȴѲĵ˫ֻ֣ƴ޺
ӵУѵøһĶˣſ޺ĴԵϵֿΧ۵˺ᣬҡڵǰȥ
ڴʱ䱳ͻȻһ߳ȣվס
ĲͷȻת
֮ʱȴסˡ


31 
תҪ벻ƽϣ˭ҳԼССǰ㵲ѣ
ֻһƾɵ꣬ץסޱĶԼ
۵亹ֱ䣬ֱ飬ġ
󣬻Ǹؿڡۺŭɽˡ
ҷſȻԲ˶ߣ
䲻֪ȴҲ³ΪСӣǸɽһġЩȭŹģôͱһץסܶأ򹷻ÿأɽ˸Լԣǹ
硪ң
һڽֶͷ¬ү˵˻Ựѯһ±˴˵Ľ¬ĻҲͷ
Ψ常ȼˣһҲû飬뿪ӡ˭֪ҩǰͼ常ˤſڡ
һæ常䲢޴󰭣԰ϸԵɣȴҪߡ֪һץס
ת۵Ĺ常һв֮࣬ɫ
һץ֣常ԭίɵǿѹŭ𣬳ſ޺ĴЦЦ
ɫ糣¶ЦееĿֻҲࡣ
СӣӵĴˣʶĹԹԷҶ磬ȻԲ˶ߣץסģԶš
𣿡һ°΢̧ɫһ¶ڽЦ漴ֻ󷢳ͷѵͷƤ顣
һҺ۾һ˹ȥ
常Լеˣ裡һЦݾʡĿ⣬ֶ󣬲ǰȥ
ϵΧһƬɧæһܣ޲ɴ۾ꡣ
úõôˣʵη
㡭㲻Ҫɫ䣬Ƚŷȥ
ΧֱֻԽӣǰ߻ԼۻˣһʱӦץĴѾ˶Է
ĸ뷢ŭȴԷ׶﷢šв룬һֻƴŷ㣬ɾǶ㲻ֻážһ죬Դˡһ£Լڿն𡣻УܿѪ˿ɳ
ıһȷ˳ȥɶԶšءһˤڵأһۼҲǻȥˡ
Χ۵޲Ŀɿڴ꣬ﻹиƺ«ǸѰɽСӡ˭֪ȴѸȴҲĶ˵õΣԳƿ죡
Сӣ־ͱߣҴ粻Ź㣡ɫڲ纰ֱ鴤ȽŲͣײײһԴȥ
һƳһӣüͷ常ߣСĶＸ
ֿ齹˵ʲôһѾת׺ȥˡ

ͷһԺӣǰɢվԡ
ԶԶģͬˣҲ࣬æıǰͷָŽ治ŵһܻĶԱ˼䣬ŵԺӡ
һԺǰֳֳìҪסߵȥ·˭֪ǰһʧȥ˶ԷӰ
֮󣬲զһԺȥ
ԺڣһĻܡ˴ǸܿԺӣһλĿˣڲͣ߿ࡣܻģ˶ίء
ֱֳıԺӿת۽һΧм䡣
˲ͷĺݵһۣ£ͻͨΪҹϼȥɫŵŵѡ
ѵӣһ˫ĿһԷһ꣬ݱΧ֮УλεĵǹҲ̹Ȼɫɵ¡
һ˵ߺˣôظ
Ŷذɣһɫģһ䡣
Ǳ١޹ʳˣʹɽҲӦ֪ع֪ˣڳ˹
ߣֵܽѹգ޹ˣǿŮѵؾͿԻرɣһ˵һ֪ͣԼֵΪ˵ɵüͷ
ӼæУСӣںԣӲ㣬ΪҪҵ£
常ӣδңһ˵
ǸСѾͷ˺㿴㿴ֵʮأһֱʱȫûҩʢˣҲֱ
ס죡
Լֵܲģغǳһ۾һɣһȵΣСӣôظǷ˴˵ţһӣܱΧȥ
Уſڣˣ
һиеΡǴ²ˣ常һұҪܵǣԷŹȨƣҲδԼµСӷ
ܽЩ˶ɱ˰ɣ
Χıһͫһɱ⽥ɱΪ׵İΣҪΪ
һĿһһԭزӰ
ԺȴͻȻһ磬漴ֽһƬžRॡϢ䣬ЩȻֿտգһ׻ĴĪĿɢһصı
ٿȻһӰֱֵܶˡŵӴУ˻ǹ
䶸æҪε˭롰ϡһֵԸʶȥǸֳεץסһ
һֳֵָעءֱһ񣬡ˡ
𶯣ǡءһִĵ漴ǧƬ˳ȥ
һۡ£һƬâҫļµĺ⡣
ֵǿ°Ůºұ¡ֵȴҪЮƣǰָδعٵ²ޣйţĺ˾ڴ˴Ա㣡԰գһ˫֣죬Ȼ
죡ʲôṦ
Ṧ˰ɡ
ƾսͷɹˣǽְ
㶮ʲôţ
Ŷ䰡׻ˣ
ֻĸְɣ
Ժڱѱһ۷׷׾̾ѣ
Ѵľڵء
ɫת¾Ī˲¶࣬ôһСӣĪǲĸˣ似ҪɱԺЩˣѴ֮
ãزһЩ߼ЩЦȭʩ񣺡СֵǸ˴ܣĳ׾СֵܣСֵܴ˴
һӣݺ⡣ȵСֵ񣡡
ӱ⧲ȵһҪ޺ţȴʹɫ
ֵδϬȴ֪˼ֻǰֲͣɥ˵¹ϣСֵܣϴҲϷСֵˡ
һ̧۴ֵܶˣ鲻αüɫҵļˣҪľ򣡡
ԣŵòһŲһ
ɫΣӻͳһӣ޳ĸ˵µһЩ⣬ΪҲֵܵУһСֵܳȫ
һһҡҡͷתȥԶԶһ䣺ˣ¾ʹաһΣҲ飬غΪ֮
ԷӰԶȥسһתӻתȴʮ¶δ֪״ɵŭ͹ϼȥ£
ŶӰ͸һȥĶСӴˣҲ׷
ӿԹ
Ҷˣһˣһ޳ɣĳԺζģǣ
ػñɢȥָӽѵҴӾ꣬Ľ֣˰ȴδɽҰУòжأЩ˵ﲻ𣬲Ȼڱ߽֮أ˶궯ȣѸ籼ףȡҵ÷顣ƽҲסǴҼÿ죬ֵܽվѣĶĻߣ
ˣضΨΨŵŵӣֺˣ֮Ͻ⴫


32 
һ߳ظ常ԶԶȺ΢Цҡҡͷ常δԼĽȥǶԼֶĲ¡
磡û°ɣһỨӭֿҲĹ֮⡣
һŶ˵常ġѾӦ׷¡ֻһЩί
¾ͺãӲʣˤһûɶģûɶģֿæοСһ
ֿһţˤ˸ͷʱºӱϾЪϢһᣬȻûʲô顣һ־ͰĴĻȥүĲѡԷȨƵ׵ﲻġ
һҪ˶ϣ˶ǣ常һҡ
һȥѰ˼Ҫôı˵ʵڻһûסҪ常ĺ֮ǲźáʴˣظ̶ѨҲҪȥһ⡣ػһȴҪһʱǡ
ֵĲвֳ֪ӡãһֱȫϨ˶µͷ֮£Ҳоհɣ
ֿ㷲һ߳ظʯͷ˵ء
ֻǲ֪ηôӦ׷µġֿҲϸʣȴǶֶı¾̾ѡ
˰ɣóԵȥһסǰȥӦһֿҲЦݡ
ֶһֱʱ֣ŻصСꡣ¨װʳϣֿһЩֽǮ򡣶ȻŽģǰүŷ¡
Ʋסĵ˷ܣǰץס׵ĸ첲ɫ˵һ·顣
ϰĻڴϱȻš˵մһ§סŮϡΪʱ⸾ĿѣΣӵסŮٲ֡
ֿһԺЦţĿĴȰ㣬ֺǺǵؿ
˵ǣһ˵ĺ֣һ΢΢Цţĸοĵȴһ˿Ȼ
ֿװֶͷһɽȥ
һֻĬĬں档˲Զһɽ£ǰһڣɫɵ
ֿͷһֶ̾ǰӣȡ
ض£ǰûĹ
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ӣҴɩЪĵطֿص˵
磡ɩСһˣǿСһˣֿο״ɤʣȦȻˡ
һأһԲ£ͷ
常ȻذɣԴһᡣһ˵
ֿŹŵֶò̾˿ȥԶסĻͷ
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Լıǵδйĸоսġ
ǵﻹڣԼҲǰɣѣһǲһвŻԼڵУԼǵأԴǰ簮ͬ۰Լģ
ǡԼҲû˵ģҲֻģĳС
ԼԶԶʧȥ˵
Сһ뱻§ššţǰ㡭
һſڷضϣͬڵıϣĻ
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Ѿõ˼Ѿõ飬һк
δĸ۰Լ˿ָоֻǶ̶̵һ˲Ҳã
ԭΨһʦʦʱʱݣȴ󣬸֪ΪֿĺǻذԼԵ飬һҵ֮֡һ֪䣬һ飬һָĸ֮
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һ֪Լʧȥǰ֮䣡֮أһö޷ֺϵʹ
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˺ܾãĵҲʧȥ˳ҡ
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жɽİһԺڴ˴Ҳͦã쿴Լػݰ常һԶƽĹȥôԶĵġ
常һҵŴĿɰ¶Ц⣡
ӵǰһУʧȥԶʱźҪðɣ
ǶԻǴأ
һ⡭
ʧȥ㲻ǰܵõأһƵ̾ϢС
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º͵ЦЦǵп͸䡣
СֵܣΪӣТأ
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ǺǣСֵ˵ĲҲһֻ˭˵أЦ
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һͷǰָʵϴɽۣ֮أ
ҰῴøԶһش
ǰϸɽ֪ɽ֮Զ֪صԶ֪أСֵܣ㲻ɽ壬ӦɽۣӦգһػɽ壬죿ӥ۳죿Ϭһ
һؿ˺Ȼ
СһɽҰç۸߿ȻСʵײʵ֪Ժ⣿һͷȴǲ죬һ㡣
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Էɵͷ˵ϷţСֵܲʧȥ־˫ڣҲԸи֪Ͳǧ֮Ժ㣬ƶᣬʯΣ
һ˼ãʵأ
֪أЦȤԶתȥɽ£ȥˡ
һã񣬸


33 
ĵҹסһ񷣬ΪСɽһԡ
һլƫڣһܰ㣬²ȴưĶϢþòƽ
ڵǰʧأʦ˵һ㣬ĶҡˡԼССͣ쳾·Ȼ˾⣬֮;ãȻֻǳᣬԼ࣬һ࣬ȻԼ
ʼΨʶԼݣҲʶ䱾⣬һЩţҲһֵ
ȻһڴˡԼҲܵ˶Է׻׻⡣
Ļ統ͷȡ·ȥҲԶ֪յĽȻݻԵԼʲôȥأȥ߶ԶֻƶᣬʹûнҲɽҪʡص֪ҲᱣԼġ
һ󣬴δ˸ԼЩԼã֮ʱĻඥĵ׻Ȼʡ
ĵ׶˷ݸм뾴֮顣
γһӿһӨӨĹâԼûӨУ̨
Ҳ

ɽ峿һƬ¡ԶɽѱĨһɫ
ڿɽ˼ңΪƣæµ
ͷ·ڣżɼæӰȥ
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һһԣΪ˵Ľ֡
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һǰʩһɫлָԽ򣡡
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һӦԸҲ
ͷ媵ӳ£˷Ȼ֮顣̧ԶһСȥ
ڲԶһȦƣݷªӡ
Яһɫ׺СԺ䡣ǺһЦ⡣
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ϰڷ鼮򡢾ᡢֽСª㣬š
һϣڵģ
֮΢΢סĵһСӴ磬ȴ볣˲ͬȣֹ󷽡۴ںεأʱ˺ԶϸĹ۲֮ʱŻᷢ꣬䣬һΪһ塣
ʵ
Ͼڹٳо˼ʮ꣬ʶ׼ȴ쳣˵Ĺ۸УǶһ˷Ī͡
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Ǹ߳ˣοǸ߿һۡ
Ϸڴ˴סˡɽҰȥ˼šһƬƹϷһˣҲѰһͼпգǺǣ˵
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˵ĺֿ꣬տգ֪ųжȣʱ֣ҲӦְȻЦ
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֪СһǰӺζѰף°һҲ䣬һתº͵ʵ
ʦԪСʦźɽТ꣬˼ǰָѰġһ˵ûʲô˵ġ˵ģȴû˵
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һһ£ᶨ˵̻壡СһĴһ
Ƭ̧̣עһ˵Ϸ󣬲֪СһɷӦ
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᾵˫֣һöαɫ塣飬˵ԭһԣһֻŮϡһֻµġСһԵŮ嵱ΪǿŮһ仰Ϸڴ˰ã
飬һæȴ֪Ǻãȴ²ֿ̣иС
֮ʣһڴεĿ⣬һһӹΨһĹ
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һպ壬һֲ⣬ӹеľᡣϼֵҲʶã¾棬ѿ˵ס
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һüᷭĲӡֻƬ̣ͷһ漴ϲѲӴ뻳к󣬹ʩһʵ֪ȥηأ
Ϸźɵȥ˹ǰ̣˴ȥˣ΢ͷ̾
ĺѵɵһ׷ʵ
﾿Ϸֻ֪Ϸϰ֮󣬷ȻƮȴ쳣ˡǶദҲЩҲԵʣü˼һһ˵ͬСһ㣬ʹ־ɣȴҲһԵϣ
һЦҡͷ˵ʦ꣬޳֮ˣⶫɵɵѰ𣿡
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𣿡òи˵ˣõһӲѧԨ֪Ķ
ƣ˲񡭡ҡͷһȻˣδֵϷţ
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û뵽˵Ҳǣ¢ϵҰݻûǰҰҲˣ
һж
һ˼


34 
ʮ˼ҵСɽ壬Ȯšɽӣ
ɽӣİҲ
һĵֿһ˵ЦݡҲѣÿЦϡ
常ҪΪһûӦʡ
һ֪Լкܳ·ҪߡעҪ뿪ֻǣ֪Ӧڡ
ɽûжũżȥɽЩҩȡһֻҰζ֮⣬һСÿȥһᣬһЩδŵ飬˸ʣҲ֪һЩʦδ̹Ķ
ֻһ޷ȥˣûɣΪҲû˿
Ψһһջǣ͵ġ⾹ȻרʶĹ˹ԵޣҲΪʶô֮ȻԶ˷ҲҪʶſͨһô
һΪòʱ򣬶ԡ֡˹Ҳ򵥣ΪӣʶɱʶѴһʮԶʶԶԶΪ
ʶʶһģֻʶ塣ÿһʶԲٿһ󣬷ֻʶжô޴Ĺá
оʶ֮ƵС˵ַ֮ꡢѻꡢɻȡ
뽭һЩǵĹƣѻǿǿʶǿнֵʶȡԷʶļ䡣ɻ֮˼壬Ҫݻٵֵʶž˸еɲա
һϲմ֮ˣ˵ȷƵ֮ȻҪϰһ

СɽɽϣһֻҰñһƵʯ䴦
Ұɺ۾¶ţ·ӡ
һվ˸ӡҰһָ߳ȥ
һεʶ룬Ұá
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һǣ¶εĿЦ⾪һ̣ҲûסԼʶǿ󡣴Ժûʲôô

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һһҾɵӣͷȴһ˿ԵڲͬҲ֮٣Ĳ󣬱Ѻ֡
һǾҪ뿪䲻֪ζ常һȴΪȥǰ׼
һԺڴ³
常̴ϰ䣡һ˵ֻ꣬ǿŴ΢Ц˵
ֿһȻ֪һ⡣
Ĵ۾ҫ˷ܣ˵ððǴ书ϴϾͲˣҲᱻŹ򡣡
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򸾶ԼмƽϡһҪΪһ·иýˣΪֶָƯϱ
֮УһѳΪҵ֧
ֿУֶӵϣһֲͬɽ˵ĶڡֶӵΪˣȴ֪Է롣ҲǷ򸾶вĵط
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򸾶˵УֶӣһĪˡ
Ķˣ򸾶㷡ССɽ壬ңסֶ
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ãֿ̧ͷдŲ˵СһǰΪ㽨˼񣬾Ҫˣ
۾סˣһѳסСһ䣬磬ҪҪ뿪Ҳ𣿡δ˵꣬ѱ˿
һδϵˣ˷Ρ벻ʵҺ常ȻͿԼ¡
Ƭ̣Ĵļ˵书Ϳõﲻˡȥһߣһȥؾжߣȥûɣһ죬˵ɺã
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常ʧ벻ᣬһĵס˵常µǮҲõˡǻ书ҪʱҲеõġһʱСһ뿪̹ЩԺĴɣ
ѵСһҪԶ̹𣿡ֿʵ
ԺɣһͷɣҲֻĵĲ
һһЩ޷رܵ飬ֻȥԡ

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ҹµɽһһ硣Զʱţʱ衣Ǵ
һǱ֮ˣ˵Լˡֻὣȥϣ˰ѳ¬˾֣´
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һȴ̾ϢΪͨΪϰڹʡȴʮĿ๦ڴмܺɢһ˿ۼͬǰ츣һ㡣Ȼͬķ
ͨؿԸܲԴͿ̤֮·һ׵ǣԼѪףĪ˵ûɵԼУ
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գӻ֮䣬ŵ㣬ҲջˣҲ

ӻҪСһסֿżϣ˵ҺʵУ͸żᶨ
䴫һ̾Ϣſ鲼ϣѵģ˭֪ôĬأĺӣ
ڴµʯԣСһɽ
磬ǵû˵ɵĴ˵ŶһоӨλա

һ죬һˡ
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һˣϢˡ


35 
ùЩ߱ˡ
ùѸǽͷѸĺëҲûأͱ￴ܵ۵ܶһֻЬǿ͵ֲŴЬ
ĥҵСŮտù˼ǽ¥կŪÿճأ˭֪Ǯ򣬳̵ľͷʹոպСѾͷߵڣѾͷĶˡ
˵˰һΣǡǡͱùˡϻ飬Ѽˡʵʵӣʵأ
ôһ룬ùپöŻܡģˮûմˣүүˡ߶ţݺսգһۣ޼żɵ͵͵һ۲Զˡ
һһ⣬ĺֺڵڣǽһ㣬дĸо
˭Լ߱أԶѾͷĶ׷û·⼸λү˵鵶Ϳ
ûһ
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⼸ǿù֪Լѡ֮࣬漴Ҳ뿪ˡԺԼҲɽͷˡ
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ù̧ͷһȿȡסְ磡
֣ͳȴǺ⡣
ǵģֵأⲻҼһ𣡡ùֱתͷһʯͷЦ˵
ߡ֣ɿùһ˫ţѪ㶢·ڡ

һڼǰ
ϳĻԹ˼·ߵΣȻһķ򸾡еһ£ģŮĻﻹŸӤ
ʱܵ𣿡ķˣĻ˯Ӥ˵
˫Ŀ⣬˵·˴룬ǰ׼ƽġҷŰģ
ţ˵ǣ̧ӣ΢΢һЦ
һ˻ͻȻͣڷ򸾶˾֮£æסӤǰϳƵĺƹģнٵģ
澪֣һסӵı۰
һѳǿ򶨣ĸ˵ֱţΪȥ˵꣬һᡣ
⣬ϳĻһľ֪룬ӳæ䲢ڳǰ
ӼͬԼһ㾪ţȴδĵ԰
ôˣӵʵ
ƹģ㿴Ļǰһָ
ǰվˣһ׳ڣֳֵָĿ׺ݡһСſʯͷֻֻȲ֪Ϊڷϼëۡ
ҪҪƣҪƲҪүүѡһֳֵָ֣ˣ˸ݺ˵
£ۡ
ƹǺãʵƹӼֻˣԶȴһʱòע⡣
ٺ٣ﻹˣɣһЦ·ˣֱ󣬶ס·
ǰ󶼱סƹ´󺧡
ڵķ˼ãӤ߳˳ӡ
ˡƹæѷΧڵ䡣
Ǹ˶ǮƺˣүүҪˣ˷ܵĽһԺ۷֮⣬סŷˣʮһɫжģһĬͬһ㣬ɭɭ˲š
ƹнпࡣ֪·겻̫ƽࡣѸݣ·Ӧ޴󰭣Ҳϰ˼ȭŹһǲڻ¡ǰˣĬǾļƣΨһʧ˷뺢ӡ
ƴˡĻƣ߬ľҧ촽ȵ
ƹһעһ۷Ӥ֪´ͷΨһƴˡ¶Ȼ飬ֽǰһŭȵҪģȡɣ
ɫȻ԰ףɪɪ
ƹһƴļƣù󲻽һʯͷˡĵľǱ⼸ڣѧе˶˲¶ͷٵĶɽ񣬱Լʹû⡣һʿƲСĴ⣬˼Ҫƴ뷹˳Եģ֣ͷһˡ
֣ƹֽģţ¶ڽ֮⡣ڵƤ˷ܵķ¶̵Цݡ
˶еĸֵ֣еãүүͰСͷ˵ţӭǰȥһ˹ȥ
ƹԷ׺ȴҲ޿ˣ´ӽԷؿڴȥ
ֵ֣;ؼתƴܾˡƹ񲻸ֵӲⶶ˸̺󣬾С
֣û뵽ӣĽǰ衣·ݣֵ˳ƹĽƣȥԷء
ƹתƾ̡
ͻȻӤĿ˵ľƹļ֮²ɻͷģĽٷˣЦŷ˻Ӥ˽Ӳ֣ӱѺޡһٷõ򰢹󣬰ľǱֵתľΡ
ƹд󺧣˾ؾȡǰĸֵѵǰΣسǰ
ॡһ죬˲䱻ءԷƲŷ䣬ƹҺһȥǰųһѪ죬ظѱ⻮һѪڡ
СèĹүţ
֣ӶֵһѪ顣ǹײеЦ˵
æľƹ񣬽ٷ˼״Ҳ
˿޺ҲҪ˹ȴӵĸֵڲϣá
ƹһҴͷ֮ʣһİͻȻ𣺡ɱ˽ٲߣ


36 ɱ˾
ʲŸֵ׷ɣѪĽùΣȶӲֱܶܲתۼ䣬ھͰѶԷƷˡ
ùԶĥһֶܷٺôʱͻȻһ˵ŵһƨڵϡ
·ϲ֪ʱһ꣬ʮģҾɵϣ˩ֻƺ«һͷڷḿԺüĿԿ㣬͸Ʈݣ˵һɢ⡣
ۼڣȴ·ꡣѪȣҲ˿η壬ͨ·򵥡֣˲
ģ·үү£Ȼүһ㣡֣ţӣӶֵ
ɱңΪβɱ㣡ڴ
ڵϵùδ˹ƹȥĿڻֿͣһ۵ϵƹ񡣵Ӹֵᾱĸ븾˻ĺʱüͷһŭɫ
֣ûԼĻ飬дŭһԸүһ㡣ֵδӭײ񣬲һ£ϳ
䶢֣Ŀ͸ź⡣
ɱ𣿲ˣǻв޷Ű֮⡣ҡŽŲ֣ȥ
үͳȫ㣡֣ɫ壬͵Ծ𣬵Яƣͷ¡Էȴ㲻ͣ˽Ų
ƹ·ƽεȴһ꣬л˸ֵͷȴ֪ܣ̾ƾֶһѣ
ư꣬¶һ˿ȻֻɽͣҲá
ƹΪ꼴ʱȴɫ䣬ǰһ֣ĸֵȻ֡
ҲδƣһֵתֻһѪ
֣֮вӦ䣬ѱƬ
֮죬֣󲻼죬һѪʬס
ɽ·ǽһƬ˳еˡ
㡪Ȼɱһ𣬺ӵаĺŵףֵڸ˲ϣ˻ߺš۵ĽٷҲǾĪȫɭ֮绯ս꣬Ÿֵںߣ֪롣
˼Уһ֣󣬲֪书δܳɣ˸뺢ӣܻתҲ˵
ٷ˰ģĳﵱȻԼ
бһ۵ϵѪǽ壬ϵл̧͡ۿӶˣ鼱ת䡣
ߣɱ˽ٲߣӸߣҪһѸָ̧֣ᵯһָƿնȥ
͡
ॡ
ӵĸֵգ˴һ˫۾֡һԵĴһ£ֵ˿ȥ
ѻɢģֻ§ĺӣˡ
ư֮ʣȴԮ֣¶ڴ֮ɫ
ƹǲ_Ŀһ
ҡ
˵Ĵ˫üһӰεض
׻ڵ漴һӰһ󵶷
һôͷ­գµأվһǻѪϸȥ
ֻգ֮䣬ѵ˸ԣһӣѪʬ·ߡ
ͬŵúӲҺһѽ¸ֵͷܣδɣһѸֵ͸ҡһͷԵҲ
䣬۾ףȻ˹ȥһ죬Ѹ˷ϣ˳ֽӹӡ
ֹͣ˿һ˫īڵ۾
ˮȥ¶΢ЦĿ飡
˶ıʣȴʯ㣬ת˲תһ֮䡣
ˡƹһѪţǰ
ƹ¶ϲĿźӣֵǵˣһʱٸнڸ˲ǾʣƬת껳ĺӣæ˹§ڻĿеķæŶ긩лл
ƹ񲻹ʹҲæλʿл
·ƽˡλؽ黳΢΢ҡͷĿתһԵĻƣ¶Цݣֻ𣿡
һֱע꣬ԾϲȻһ
ųʱͼ졣
ȥһһ㣬沿սӢʣüĿʶȴð󲻸ϡ
һָյɺӵĸֵϤƵһð治ѣ²վԼģꡣֻû뵽ֵܲ书˸Ī⡣
²˶Էݺ󣬰׼ʱһϣԷȻת֮Σ
ϲĪǰھ¥ǰһУʶǸ԰ӵһ
̫ƽ¥ǰǸСơɱ˵꣬Ȼ뿪Сһ
뿪֮ǰһѶ常˽书߳ΣֻȱˮĥĹ򣬼ʱգӦһ׵ĳɾͣһˣ뿪Сꡣ
бⲻ˵ķֱȴпԻرܵͱ
뿪Сһƹƽֱ̫ƽһʩʩУܶ·ڡû˼ʮ֣һٷˡ
ֹ类һϳ伸δԷݱ仯ȴ󡣶ƹҲ֮ˣ̫ƽ¥ƹ÷ġ÷ƹСʿϵģ͸ʶһˡ
һϲɱ֮ˣɽٷʹޣȴҲϲʬϵѪȡ֣һҪɱԽײеҲŹɵŭա
뵱ԼʱҲӦ°ɣ
ɱ⼸ˣ֪Ժ޹
һУһɱ¾ĳ嶯
ɱ¾һֶΣԳͽҲƣ
һƹ鿴˴ĵˣ䳤г࣬ѪѪĽǺˣȴ޴󰭡ҿΣʱóһ£δһЩֹѪҩҲõġ
Ѹ˷س󣬻һΪƹ׵
ƹǸм֪ϤǰѣҲǻϲпһ书ǿ޶Է塣Դˣ΢ЦŲֻǰңԼļʱ
һڴˣȥδأ˼ϲ޵ˡչõʵ
ƹимһľ֮ȴҲ˵֣һֺ档
һƬ̣ڣȴüͷһ˭ߵģ
δ䣬ԶͨһһӰ˵ڵأ󺰵ңңСĲҰдоµĲ
ƹ밢ѭȥһü۵ӣ˵زסĿͷٿȻ˹˲Ŷԣһֻڽŵľ뾪ϲУ˶˵Ļһ˴ڣӦǳûûһһУ
ùпడԼУ֣󼸸ڼֱǶ񣬱ǵĻԺҲɽͷ˶ˡۼϵ˻Ҫ֣ǸòĺӳԶʳҲͲзǷ֮롣ֻţôֵܷ㳵ϵĲС
˭ϵ¸ɷ񣬾ôգ۵Ĺ򰡣ɱڡ
ڰ
ùŵƨʯͷӵûӰֻɱԼʱȴðû͵͵ȥԼϲ׳˵ӣܡ
ùţݵѸǽͷʮζˣùأ
ûùôʱͱĺŵһ飬ſϾͿͷ
찡ղŵɷùһҲеԼǶȫˣŵĸ졣Ժ۾أҲӲ
үүСĲҰСҲǱ⼸ڡƵİСıаʮĸ໴ĺӰүүСһҲûѽүүҲˣСĿԶԶأүүùű飬ͬ˵޺š
ɶԷû˶ùĨһᣬ͵͵̧ͷǸɷԼŵһ¡
үүСľʵһļٻǸүү׺䰡үү
ù󱳶亹ĵǱ׺䣬ҲùһΡ


37 ȥ
һ⺺ӱһϣ̭ϵСģ֪ԣȴҲɱʵʲô֣
үүùһæСùǸʵˣ˵꣬ͷֱɷɱԼˣ
һ΢΢ҡͷüͷù󣬸վ
ùԣգţӼתæһµ˵֪үүкηԸǱͻҳϣСġ
ȥʬˡһ׽˵
ùͷӦͣȴɲ
صĺףžֽŷ飬ѪѬֱŻ¡ùˡ
ҲãһƽùУͬ㡣
СȥҪù󾪺һæζȽ򼸾ʬȥѪؿڹŻ
Ѫ֮أѱϵһԣƹķ˴źڳЪϢ
һ𻰡һ֪ԭƹķˣƽˣǴźӣҵġȽڿ죬ƹһ·ͬûٷ磬ƹǲУϵΣ
ƹһԪۣϲ̫ƽԪҲһ֮ˡ
һû书֪ѧУҲã̾
ֻǻһЩҴǳˣֵһġΣ壬ģһ΢ЦƹŰҲ͸֮⡣
֪СֵҪȥηƹһ밢˵Ҳࡣ
ұȥƽѰѣˣȥһ
СֵǺǣжˡֵܲɷһ÷磡Ϊƹ÷ģҲǺˬÿͣƽ֮ˡ
÷ǷһĶ飬ȴҲ˽ύ֮ġζԷĪ⣬ѵ
÷һЦΣѼ飬˷򸾶֮ʱܲ벻ʵף
ֵܵľΪǲϧֱ𣬲ЯԱⰡ÷̾
Ǻǣﵹоƣ÷ˣưһҡͷ΢Ц˼ֵȥмʮ·Ҫߣ˼ϡ٣÷һ̣ٻͷ·Ҳġ
ոջǴȥΣأҪٷˣĴвˡ书ǿ֮һ̣÷аϲֻǳ˶һɫɣԴ˲ΪȻ˻ƾֻ䣡
÷ıϾʧѪ࣬Ҳɫ԰ףив֧ȥЪϢ
һ԰󽻴һ󣬻ùȥ
ùŰѸֵѾ˰ӣ۵ֱͷһæȥʬֻѪֶ֣һԸŻ
һҲŵù󲻸ҴϢĨ˰ѱ飬һίɻ۵ֽŷ֮ս֣˲ݲ
ǲپһأһ
ùֺ˵ʲô̴סͷĵЦݶʱϣͨһģүүСĿɲް֮İүүСϣ
˵ţæҴӻͳһѶЩקʬʱжֽš
ùǰϣһСɢӣԼʮ
ЩүүģүүСĸ׶ķϣСĵƨ˰ɣùͷֹݡ
ȿ踣ɻŵǮȥЩӪһ֪ԼˣǶԻǴüͷ˵꣬תȥ
ɷıӰԶȥùڵۻ಻ϣ粻
һղŷŹˣűӣһȻʵԻ˻ǰС
һڰߣ˵˵ȼ֮ͽСЩմѪ֮˶ɱɱ˵꣬̾һ
״һתЦһǰһξ־ȵҰɣٺ٣ʱô཭ʿһ֪㣬ҡҡͷŸлûƹֳȣԲ˵ȥҲһǿ书Ժ壬簡
һΪȻЦЦԼ书ҲϡͿģһΣҲ֪ҲûȥȽϡ
Դ֪һصĴڣ书һ˵Ѻԡ书ٸߣкأ׼ǿһԳ硣ģǳ˿󣬸ǰ׵ġ
ߡðԶж֪ڣЦţһ˵
ٺ٣Ըȥģֻ᲻ãЦţı˦˸졣
̤һ·ϣ˵Цͣ
ͷбʱ֣ǰż·Ͽɼˡ
ǰƽһʮ·̣һ밢˻𣬶·ȥ
;̫ãǰ·һ⣬һΪҡͷЦ
Ժ·֪жδ֪ǰԼ
ۼͷϼӳʣһֻҪڰ·ҹˡţɫһ·ȥ
һᣬӵǰ洫Ťһˣͣ˹
յģ㲻׷ʮͷǴĹȲɣһ׳ʵĺӣС㣬һü۵ӣקǰš
ù󣬻٣
⹷յļ黫ץסˣ
ۣһش壬ñүǸײˣ
еļҲǺͣ
ĪһöԶһȻ漴ҡͷʧЦ
ҹɫ٣һĨӰԾһ߸ڡ
߸ܣɽִΧϡɽˬ
һ˸˴¶һҹҲȡС죬ɢСؼ˼ӡ߳һһżɷԲСİɫһ
ɫµɽ֮ϣ˼ޣյһƬ·û
Ǭ治ԭصӰ漴ʧ
ʱһȶ˳˼ǸʦǵСʿˡʦߺ֮࣬Ҳ롣һ·ϣҪԼȥáУټ٣ҲҪԼȥ
Լ˵ǰ;Σ̤ѩģһԴΪȻвŹæáԺ·ôߣһҪʡ
ֱȥأһֹһεһóóȻȥѰ٣Ǻܲǵľٶ˭ΪԼָ·;أȥĹԼ֮·ֻҪΪֹˡ˶ɽڣԪˣĵ׾ӿǿҵĲʡ
üͷһһԺһǰǸţ˼ת
Ե޷粻ˣ½Գ
ǵǸʯŰ޻ĶԻ˼˵һɵɣʮһγ󣬾ͻõҩ漴뵽̫ƽ¥ǰǸССǸϣԼڶһʯ
һеԼԼ֮УѰʲô
ԭûЩϸϸһ룬һŨȤ
⿪Ĺ֮գԴɿʼ
뵽˴ж˷ݿ⣡һ˳«ͷһڣľ߸ˬҺһ˿ãȥ


38 ط
տȻδԶͷɶġ
ͨسǵĴ·ϣƥߵ
ںǰһ˽ֹʮˣһµĸ
ǰһһŮζСŮֱഺػȴǸ˴磬һ£üĿݿΣӢˬһԵӣʮ꣬Ŀ࣬ݴһȦףж˷ݳȡ
ȣӸоɹĹȣֹһִǰǰ
ʦְ˴ƽԶˣ԰꣡һԵŮӣ
ʦֲΪǺһЦŤһ´׳ӣͷһ࣬ƽÿ˰ƣ
лʦ֣лͷĺ˷ܴ
ʦҲЦ֮ͦʣɷʦһüĿ飬ȴüѽ״ȻһЦɫ£ʦúݣĹʶˣ
·ǰ治Զһ··ڣͿֱƽ
һߵ죬ת۹͵˲·ǰ·ǰһô£һ׶
ʦ㣬ͷת·ڡʦý󣬼ˣɵбһۣ漴Ÿǰȥ
֮ˣȴעϺµıӰۿʦõۼͿʦֲ磬ɫһȻһͷתȥ
һ˲״ӽͣʦҲפУ¶֮ɫ

һ뿪һк󣬱˾ϡƽسΪԼıؾ֮ء
ʲôطһ֪ƽʲôطͬҲ֪
·ϣһֻ糣˸·һ㣬һ·һ·ȴû뵽;˲·ڣʱͷɹ·ϡ٣ǰãҲһӰ
ǰһʢ֮ʱһ·䣬е졣Լɵɵģһ⻹糣һΪã㵽һԵĴ£ȴ·˵ĵ
·ˣܶ࣬㲻մأϾڳϡǰӣһϵ졣
ڶӵĹأһ֮һóȻǰ·ͷǰһƥǰʱƣԶš
Ů·ʱԼһ˲һĲˡüͷǳ漴Ȼչ
ֻǲһǺŮӵתͷԼһ¶Цݡ
ʦǰĿ𣺡λСֵƣðմԱϣ´żӵꡣȴ߲ͬ죬ü鶯̹Ȼţ뼸ǰǸ꣬鼫·
Ԭ㣬ǵСһ𣿡һǺЦţֶ̧ԺŮʩ
סСһֵܰʦҲһ죬˼䣬֪ˣǰЦƣĹ
ʦѣʹˣСһˣǼûˣ
һվûӲơпЦ⳵ӣҲ
һۿŮӣϳ̫ƽھֵԬһδ˼Ҹ·æԼҲóȻš
û뵽Ԭ˼ǰǸСʿƵԬжԬȻҲǱѶ֮
û뼸󣬴˴Сһ£Ԭʺ
˾ҲСһ˷ܣнòѡ
кͣСȻʦһóˮ˱߳Ա˵
̫ƽھֵԬ£ھܼǰڷկǴش޴󰭣ȴǰԬһ֧ţھִ»áԬ복ѽɷ򸾣˴ѺǰسǡԬԼһͬǰŮ˼ܣ복ĸʹҲá
ԬҲƵȥ֮£Ϊ֮겻ѡԪ˼ޣҲ֪Сһ䣬ż÷򸾶Ҳֹֻǲ֪ԪۣһһСʿ
һҲ˵Լľ
򸾶˵һТѰףҲΪеοһ˵ȥ֮ʱΪǰ̶˷ݵǡ
Сһȥδʿǲˣھְɣ뷹ԡ˵ԬҲǹеעһ
Զ˵ϣһͷ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷɫлʢ飬Сһʦʦ̻֪ʿʤ̸־δšʴˣСһʦȥҲ¼һߣһƩ磬СһʦѧĴǳ򣬾Ͷǿ书˷ݺ棬Ŷ޼ʣҲһȥǺȥһһСһûطȥˣȻҳԬģضλܸСһ뷹ԡ
Сһ־ԶýԬһִŶȻ飬͵֮ңҲȥ˵书ǿߣ󶼳ɡ˽һɣɽΪʥأСһȥʶһ
һԣ۾һ
ɾسǲԶСһȥͬСءĵ˵תͷ˼״
˵żѣСһƫˣһ˵
޷ģСһҪɣֻȥʶѣ뵣ģϿңһ΢ЦŰο
Сһֽ书ΣҪҪдһǺһЦͶǶ
磬ҰɣСһǳĩֵһġһæסЦҲΪ⣬ˬʴЦ
ԬҲ¶Цݣ˵ҪȥɳʶδضҪɣ취Ҳ˵ģسƽϾǣСһͬаɡ
ֻԬ복鷳ˣһͷЦ
Сһؿףֵǣˣһӣк˸·
ʰ׵һ̡ǳǰ棬Ӻλʦػ
ӹ󳵣һһϡϳھֵ֣ʮ꣬жӡɫ΢ڣ彡ǿͣЦ˺øСһбڳͷŶӻӱ޸ϳż̸䣬һ·ϵҲڡ
б׹ϼƽһҵĳǽǰ
ɫʱ֣ڸϵƽسǡǰس﷽ԲԽɵҳǽƳһܡӻ֮ʱһɲĳϢת۵˳ڣǻƳϣӿĽֵ
ӴֶسһƧĵطһԺǰͣ£ӿŰѳƥϽԺڡ
˵һ֪˴̫ƽھֵƽ־֡Ȼǰ̫ƽ֡
һһ𣬰жƥʰȻ󱻳һкϲЦտһݡ漸ľſŷʳԭǴԷڡ
һԬȥһ£ϵҲʢԬãҲ⣬һ뷹
ϰŵľƺӦǰﳵŵھδ㣬Թ˴ڳŷʳһ˺ȾһԳ档
һһݡԭԺһӣǴ˯ĵط
һҲ֪࣬ͷѣҵԱ㣬һ˵ͷ˯ȥһࡣ
һϷšڵط󣬰Ẉ̂ѴԼسǲϤҲ¾ˣա
һϨ͵ƣ¡ģлֵԶһʱҲ˯ţʶչ⣬Ժȥ
ԺǴͣŵĵطԶһǣԺŴֵĺվӦھֵԺǽһôϣԼһӰ
һ⣬ϸϸ鿴ȻԺǰĶһ£лȻ򡣴ԺǰˣӦһһͬǵ֮
Խǽ룬㲻֮˵۾Ϊˣһһڶӳ⣬ӦأȻ
ԺǰĴϣʱԶӣǾڣɫ˵ȣߺַǷ
ϰ󣬽һ﷽Բ֮ضһʶ£Ҳ֪ǺѣǺδġϰķУᵽʶǿĺôȴҲûʶķšԭֻֻ֪ΪӣʶŻӦԼ辶ҲһδԵɣ
ܲ鿴һ飬ζ֮ʱԺǰʮɴһڵˣһеһ˿Ρ˽ʱԶ̫ƽھִ
΢˵ʲô֮ԶȻֻܻź棬ʶϸòһ˰֣һ˺ݣüĿ͸Žթ
Ƭ̺󣬶˷ͷȥ
һջʶֱУǶ˲ʲôࡣ


39 ˮϾ
ڶһ磬һϴϣ˼򵥳Щæ׳׳԰סɻ
ȴ󳵳Ժţŷֶӵ˶ʮˡ
Ԭ복ͬһкȥæµǸŶӣһгƵȥ
һڳϣɫ֣˽࣬ӵķӦ򶫡Ҳ֪ƽسмţߵһš
һṤ򣬳ӱ㵽˳ŴһڳǰϾ£ŴŵĲͬ߳ʱͷһۣ¶һ˿Ź֡
˵ƽسǻİ·ųӵĽų߼أһš˭֪ʮһɿǰͣæʶԵɣ֪ȥسɽ·УŻˮ·Ҫࡣ
ǰĶɿڣˮΡˮǧ̹أ㡣ǴҪһˮƽˮԼʮɣˮǰسǣм̲ٳ֣ܱдݡ
֪Щ·֪£˴һĿʼͷϣˮһ
СһôûɣǺǣЦ˹һļ
һתҡͷЦһγԶأˣԳĴƣΪȻԷëϴΪ粻ͬգǿͳ
һվ˿ҲЩ벻Ҳ⣬ЦȤأ˵ȥкװ
ھڶ࣬Э֮£ܿҳľԼɳһɿװû󣬴ϲӵпʮˡھ¼տƥʮ˷
ͷһը죬ϼֻľ뿪ߣ򶫶ȥ
ɽҵ֣ͱУӲϡһˮƶȥƺ
ˮУС
һǰˮ壬ع㣬ľɣɫȾʱԳХչȴ죬תþ
ǰֳֳݣˮ棬߿ɤһɽˮ϶𡪡
Ƕ衣񷺷ȫΩԱء
ɽˮʤɽ裬ҡҷ
߰ԶǰСԬǰһͬһʶˡҲԼǷ򸾶ˣֿ˴Ǽ¡
һˣǰٳ֡ڻݡһѻϣû˸ϳ࣬Եõȣ
һ״γ˴еʣȴһڴǰˣĬĬעǰ
ǰ洬ϣԬһºĿɽˮһĨ̺졣վͷָָ˵Цͣ
һֵܣ
һףŶЦЦߡһΦ¶ˣ۵㱳ţڴ֮ϡ
ȥ˳£ҲѸݣ֮½·ҲҪ˳ɣһ˵
ӵĽżҡΣ˫źףЦƽسİ½·ҪɽԽ룬û߰Ĺ뵽طˮ˳ֱ£ŷ˲ֻҪһһҹɵسǣ˵˳˳
ǺһЦһͷֵҲȻԷעԼֺǺǵЦһֵٳԶأΪ־͸ú˵˵
һ΢Цӳ⣬ʶȻǿԼﾲġ
ɽɽˣ··ˮҲȻˮˮ֮ϣŰĽɡŰѳˮ·нĹأҲ˵ˮǷʤ
ŰȻѳˮ·һҶΪλˮأһɻ󣬽ӿڵ
ҡͷԷͲһƳȵģȴԽһϲͨŲӣ˸ΪļƣһϽĿǣ˵´󽭴ӺҲŰһҶռ˵в׺ȴССȵڶˮأˮξŰЩƽմҲ϶ûԸ׵ｭɡˮǧˮϴֻڶ࣬˲ʣ˴ˡˣˡʮˡʮ˾ٹֻЩӽˮϹڣ¶֮Ӱȥ٣˾ܣ˾ͶŰԴҲΣֻ֮֮
˵ֻֻรඣһˮƽˮ
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Ǻǣ¶ˣһЦ
⣬˼ҲǶԵģӺǺЦš
һ΢ЦͷȴⲻֹסҲ׷
󣬺ӵխһЩҲࡣ
һ˰Σ˵󣬱ڴǰŴţڴͷﳤˮ棬ôͷʼճǰһҲˣ˺Ĭ
һʱһеɣˮ죬ɫɿˡ
ǰ׵͵شһ̲ඡһը죬Ĵļ¡ĴӦͣ߿ɤɽȻ첻ֹ
˽¡ӿڻϣӹ˼ϡһкֵܣǰһգСıӳȥ˵ųϵʾ⡣
һҲ׷ץϿĶ֪Բ飬ڿ׵Φԣǰ
ǰﴦӵȻխɿʯͻأƣߴˮĴʯ֮䣬ֻɿĿ϶Ľֺڴϣͭɫ֫ϣ¡ȫȴ˿Ļңñһ˰
¡¡죬ˮٿȻҷӿѸױڣ˻ƬƬİѩڣֹ
ˮ·Ȼת˲ǰĴѱֱʯĿ϶ĴҲ
һߣǹƼݺǰȥ
ۼǰҪ϶ͻһԲľӴʯ¡
˽Ϣ֮ʱ·šһԲľѸǰĴѸ籼Բľֶȥգ۾ûӰһҽԼ
ԲľͻҲǼ죬˽ԲӦҲӦ
Ĵ༴ûһ˿һĴϢ˽һ𣬴ͷȻ̣ڿպХ
ããˮһ綤ڴϣ˿ǰ𣬲Һδͣѱֱ棬ץס
ءľһ٣ˮ档
ͨͨϵ˲ˮУ
ӵɫڻƣǰһСֻԼǰһû´ȥԣǱһͷһˮֲǺˮǺˮĨ˰ɴ۾ſ壬һﻹһֽˡ
Ҳ˵˶׵ˮȥˡסԼڶԼҲˮˡ
ֻļһ󽥽滺ʮɵˮ濪ȱĲٳ֣ǰĴбǰశɴǳ֮Ҳˮأͨͣ
δң㾪ֻֻСӰСһʮˣ뺷˷ܣֱֳߺȲֹ
ˮ˶ܲ㱻֮ˣһ¡
һҺˮϱһƬ졣
ֽűĺ֡ҧҧ³һһϵӣѸֵ͵ϱȥ
֪ܶھˮˣ˸ˣżһһ˵ȥٴˮ˱
ʱµĴ˳ǰУȻԽǰǳĴǰȥˮǰСͷΧλεıεöǰһ󷢺ڡȫˡ
Ԥıڴʯ壬ȻˮʯΧɱԼȴˮһ㣬ۼ·ãһƬȻ


40 ͻˮ
Ӿ֮ʣڻҵͻȻһ˿ʡۺ죬ǰ
׵һҲżֻٽʯʱȻ˴ʯ󼰲ԶضߡԲľʱȴҲ֣Ҳֻ
ʱ֮һоԼ˵С˵ΣȴҲĲʡ
ˮĺˮתѱ˼СѾΧ˸ǳĴ󴬣ƹ죬˫̱ӡ
һµĴˮȥˮҲԶٳȥ֪Ҫˡ
һ£ֳ𳤸ݣ˫һͷˮһ㡣µĴʯײ㣬һһ٣װĴһҶС۰ӯɿǳĴȥ
˴ŴĴҲǰ׿ġ
ĴȻĿɿڴ
СϵˮԶһ㶣֪̫ᣬ̫ף󴬷ܣ˸߲ҵĻС׷
ʱҲǿ಻ԡ£һ·˳˭֮ʱ͵Ϯֲ֮£ҶԲľ䶥Ĵȴȥϰ֮˱ˮУԽһͷײǳ̲δˮűΧ
ۼĴҲ⣬ֻлջǰܣΨһİοʦûߣȻһͷײ
ŭ𲪷ֱССѾϣѪӣ軷ɽȥ
ԬҲΣҧ촽ֳһѳǰ
ʱһСЩˮĺ档һݵĺӣ¶һ˿Ц߼ĺӣֱֳԾԾԡ
һˮ̰˳Ĵ󴬣δվȽŸһѴ󵶹ŷǰ
Rॡۡˮ˴أѪƥա
һ󵶣ϾŸR죬һѪɢȥ
үүɱʹ죬ɱһˣгࡣЦüƷǷ
Զݺӣ۽ǳ鴤š͸Ŵ˸ơ
ԬʦסϣˮϴϾʣˣµˮ߶ˮĿɱҲ˲˴ˮƴš
Ԭͷ亹ܣн֡ҪԼ복Ҳѣھ˿ɾȫˡ
ƽ½ϣЩѽǴˡû뵽ˮϣֹʩչЩ书ߣˮϹȴˡٵȥ֪Ҫˡ
żԬһˮϴϣæһ˹ȥһѪһУˮˮСԻȴˮתС塣
ˮ׺ԬļʱСԡһ졣
ãһɴͻȻӿһᣬֻһƺߣǰĳұϣѶһ֦
죬ҺʦѱУڴϡ
Ԭֱ۲ɽʧֹ䡣һסȦͨ졣
ʦ֡
ҧվʦУů⣬οʦ÷ģ޷ģ
̧ʰ󵶣ԬߣݺݶԶСдޣûˮ
򸾶˵ĵףء
Ǻݺߣֳ󹭵ˮ󵽹ɣϲɫ
ΧŴ󴬵ˮУܴɵвͣٴ
ʦǣΪֶʦõȫ󵶣վ˵
ʦһˮкη
ԬüĿ복üᶨ
ۼΣ˷һƴ
ǺηԩңүүƴһҲӡһ԰͵ϮСоޣʲô
ŭ
ǺݺЦһ֡һξ󹭡
ĵױ⴬޴ܣ򸾶ˮԲѡ·š
Ŀŭ𣬰Ԭࡣ
Ŵ󵶣ȫȴСϵˮ¶ȣĿ˱𴦡
Ԭ裬ѭˮĿ⿴ȥ
ֻֻĴ󴬣ҽ׷Сһͷײǳ̲ǰֳֳݣȻģһ
̶̵ĴϢ䣬˾ͱ͵Ϯһл
ﳤˮһ㣬Ѹ߸ƮӥãѸԾΧС
ڰգһĳȻ𣬳ˮС䡣
ءת˲Сϡ
ءһ죬ķ飬СѳһľƬӭ䶥ˮѪģˮ
תۣһСľʧǰ
һ䣬Ų̤ӰһѾһСϡ
ˮʧ룬æңвֹ
ƬѪת˲һƬ
һС֮ϣƬȾΩֳֵĸֵϣѪջȻ
ˮ˷·ѡ
ԬȻ֮ྪϲ֡⵱Сʿ˸ǿɱҲ˵ĸɾ䡣ϲһڴˣӦɻΪġ


41 
һֳֵָк֣ɱݣ˲
ȴһΡ
ɱ˱㲻ֹɱ¾˺㾴֮ɱ˺ɱ֮ȡҲ
˵ȸɱ֮ˣɱ֮
һ俴Ǻݵĺӣļ¡
Էгʱһ㴬λȻθɡڿУֵžըƬ˫һת
źХ׷һзɳ
˾㵣̧ȥ
ֻСϣϡϴ뻹СϵˮȫŲӷ¡
һ°㣬СϣɶǺݺӣĿơ
ݺӲ˸Թ۹ⶾ߰㶢һȴŭѡƻۿ󹦸ɣȴһǣɷ񣬻Լ¡
ƽмߣʲô֣һͻȻ˵
Զĳ¶⣬һԵԬȴǰԵͷĿУһֻȻ
Ǻɫ䡣꣬Ŀ¶֮ɫһӡ
ԡ죬ⱼһ
ǺȴûԾ򰶱ȥ
һоһһ֧ѵϣһ⼲Ŷȥ
ͨˮŲˮС
ǺݺӲܲˣڰϣͣɱȥתѵ֮⡣
Ԭ˼״źݺӵСశԶһԾ˵书סѵʮɿ⣬ֻ
ͷδֹֻһѻһӰɰ㣬Խ棬ֱǺӺ󱳡ڿУţǰץȥ
ǺӾ֮ʻͷŵû⡣֪겻ǣųûѣδת֮䣬Էѵͷ
æ֮УִӻͳһѶ̽ʹ̡һץסˣһҲóȥƽΪһЩڤ黫˼ָһ㣬һꡱкӵš
ݺֻӺ죬ǰһڣ׹޾ĺڰС
ˤ㣬ǺԴըѪһƬǰ˵ض
һ˫ڵϡŵϵʬף̾ѣ
һһ˽ʱʶ˶˶ھ˲ƽسʱǸߣڳŴβӣ²·ϻʡɣȴǿտƾҲˡ
ֻǣˮϵⳡͻ䣬ؼʹҲǷʤɣ
һɣһ֣ǺӵǮ漴ûӰûǮҲУż˷һǿɲ಻㡣
ˮǽһƬ˷ѪȾ˰ߺ档
һڰߣھˮߡڴ˴ˮˮˣ߶ǳ̲ȴȡ
ˮСóСžˡ
Ԭ복԰֪֮⡣һȴ¶Ц
ŵָ֣ν˵أ
һߣԼҲ޷׾ֻýżһ㣬ƮƮһ㣬ڳĴϡ˾۵Ŀ⣬֪
绹𣿡˵ţһߡ
ڴϣһЦ˲¶డСһֵܣΪһ뻯ֶΣ
ųɫ̹Ȼ֪ˬֱһ΢Цҡͷϵļʸδȡ£ҲδŹͷ԰
磬СһЩҹֵһģ˵ҲգСһĽٳأ
һ΢ЦһԬ¶һɬбһ۳˵ζСһءȣ˴ζȻȥġлˣ
һ΢Цڰ֣Ȼָ򳵺ֱۡ
Сһ¾ȥãǸ˼ңҲѧǳĵҹأΣ󣬳á
ǳͲԬඣһһ֣Ȥ˵ţûȳϣۡһ죬ѱƳڴ֮ϡ
һָ㣬סֱѪΪֹѪ
ɴ۾ֱ£СһƵҲģ
ԬȡҩΪϣԲһæտڲԡ
һһ³һԬֳδĸ첲޷ģʱգԿ͡ˣȥȥ˵ԶЦһתȥ
ԬһıӰ˵ͷ
бˮ棬һԶһ̧ϡƨɣˮͬϴϣʧˣһ¶ƵģϹѪӦǱˮġ
Ӽһ죬ֱ
ʲſɱһŵòᡣʮˮһɱ롣һ֣ˮûûƴɱתۼһбˡǰĲˣľ֮飬ȴ˸
ССһֵܣǸӳţһʱ֪˵
ֳû°ɣһŶӣʵ
Ǻǣû£벻ǿˣֵ书ɲ⣬ΪӼһȻƽͣöԷĪ⡣
һŶӣһڴϡæµˣھֳԿڱ͵Ϯ⧲֮£ˮԼ֮ӭʴ˲Ǳ½ϣЩҲֳĵ֡
Ҳ֪һڰοԼԼٽ֪֮ġ
ĻãҲָ̬һ˵Ц


42 س
ھʰ׵ɫ
һ룬Ӧڴ¶һҹˡ
ûϵɤźһһţǳ̲ˮ䣬˳ˮ
һ̣˳
ԭҪҹ·أ
һʣһ˵֪ǰһû̲ӵҲ
ҹɫ٣ɫɽһƬˮȴһɫ۹⣬Ҳд
ֻѵļˣʬ׶֪嵽˺δھֻա
˳ǰһҹڶ죬һȥǰĴϡ
ǰ֮ԶӦ¡ԴˣһҲ¡ٴδ̲ʱֳֳݣڴβƿн
һ󣬲ٴ磬˶ֶ˷־壡
һ·˳˳ˮҲ£˳ƵҲת
ˮ۹ҫ֮ʱǰĺȻ˶ʮɡˮϴƬƬֹذߵͲͬķݣ۴αȡ
δ󰶣һӴ죬һСڶബֻдܳһºӴƺ󣬵ͷȥھֵУͷ
һ⿴һߵԬ
ˮͷŰϽֻװжҪŰİšԬţ͸Ρ
ȻԬ˵ռһȺµĺӣ壬ӿھϰΪ׷ʰԵĶϰǰºѷɿİѻ̧ϰߡͣһ
뼸£æѰӣϰװϣͳһӣݸΪ׵ĺˡȻֱһӣߺһ˱ȥ
سˮǽ֮ƽҪ߳һһȦĳǽʮ߸ߵĳϡسǡ֣»ء
һͷ·Ωһȣ´г˺档
һ·Ͷ٣ͣ㽻˻ѰһҿջסºŻһ
ϴϣһ˳԰㱻קţҪȥϹ䡣˲ųջſڣͱԬס
һֻһЦʾУԼͷ
֪Ԭ㻽к£
ԬһһЩĶ
Ԭһ۳ʦȥȺС͵
ˬӦһһǺЦŰڰ֣ȥ
һԣԬٽƧġ
ԬĴĿһĬԼвɸп֡ǰӣĵͷȴֹϣɱɾ䣬һ书ˮƮݲĥȴ쫷˺ȻԼʶһͨСʿƫƫ˵ĸĪ⣬˲ҲԴȡ
Ԭ̾һº͵˵СһԽһдͲлˡҲ֪Сһܳܣ̫ƽھҲзǷ֮롣Сһ书֮ǿֻ²ýһĸ֡һЩеĳϣŹĪ֣ҲֻǶŴ˵вСһýʵףСһҪȥԵʡ㳵Ҳ֪ˣʲô죬Ǻǣ
һԬûɵһͨޣЩҲסȴ֪ԷԺ⣬ֻЦ
֪ԺСһҪߵúԶԶǰسǲСһͣվٽķǽеʥءסСһҲӦһ¡ɱ䣬Լ롣һ˼书Ҳ˲¼ɡɣҲίأ
Ҫȥݻһѣ֪ܷѰСһسǶһӡͲ֪Сһ룬ɷ֪㣬Ҳýأ
Ԭ˵꣬һһжԬԼԼֺûһĲ¼Ҳûٶһ䣬ǰĵǻӰԼһڣȴ÷򸾶˹һΪԼǵϸ¡˴ȥݷѣֻҪΪԼҲǷ򸾶˵һΡ֧֡
һͷůůģ˼һ£ɫԬ복СһĹذСһˡɣСһһ˿ĺˡسи֮СһˡԬҲ֪СһԺҪȥԶĵطĿǰҲȨ֮ơԬ̫ΪѣȻҲСһԸ㣣
һûȴԬĺ⣬˼ҷȻ׼ȥˣԼһڻؾҲΪ֮
һ˵ɣɫҲ̹ȻԬͷο˵֪ˣСһȥתתɣ
˵꣬ȥ
ѲӰ
һԭأƬ̡ʶУʮ⣬ŽֱߵŮӷɵһ֣¶Ц⣬ǰȥ
ջǰһ·ڣϱֶ棬һĳ֡
ԵϣӰ紱С̯˹ݣ¥¥ַǷ
ߺЦ˷سǵ֮У˷֮⡣
һڽϣһоͼ
Уȴڻ⡣
·ԼֻһλͣһλͰɣʱһƬξ
һûԼʱˣһУ˵ȻȻ
ʢ˥֮ʱ֮ʣɫ⼾ڡأҲ˿Ͱɣ


43 Գ
ǰ治Զ¶˷ܣһǰ
һ̧߽ͷһ¥ſڼ̻¶ŮӣɦŪˣЦͣȤζһעĿ
û뵽ӻȺá
һǰļ
ϣֵˡ㿴¼կĿǿˣְۡӾһһüЦ
һбֹ
һ飬æЦϴسǣǰĽ֣ûأ˭˼ϲųٺ٣
ǻȥһߴٵ
һֵܣ˵ƣҲ߰һǮϱأ˵ˣ˳𣡺ٺ٣̻˺ģ
һ̿ҡͷֹ
سǲأ㣬Ҳ㿪۽粻ǡ˵ֵܣ§һǸĪĸ˱ˡʱٲȻһԺֵˡ
㿴Ǹźµġ㿴ǸԲģüǿΣȤƷͷ
һҲ⣬΢ЦţӿһֻĿ峺˫۷ŹȻͬ
ӵȺԼվһᣬһȥ
һ˵Ц⴫Ʒ㣬ɳɳĴϢ
תۣһٵͷӣƤɽ˳
һӣСĿɴŤҷӬں档
˵ľүϿҪǼ춼벻أϸ߸𣬳Űһ壬öϼƤһƬͷԼæ˿
ӵķлúƤֱ̹ͷ˴ŴϢ˵Զͣľĳˣ
ߺιľүǹͣǴСŮӵͣ͵ģ
ɴֱǼһ콫ӸϹǰСӸÿ
ӿ˰죬֪Щ˲ǡ󣬼ʶȤû뵽Ǳ˵ĺǳ⡣
ӽ³ɣһŭɫ޵Ŀӡ
һɫƽԭδǰ㵭Ȼ
ϵİ׷ۣŽ䡣Ũҵζ˱Ƕһüͷ
ľүǸƤͷһ־ɵ꣬أվ㲻ɵ¶ɫ¶һ˿ǰȥ
Сӣأùأ
ŭĿԲˮĽһ鷳ָֻɴƤͷ׷ȥһˮĲ˰
һɫһк֡
ôأĶӷ߷߲ƽ
һһ񽥽ָʲŵ峺¶һ˿ڽЦ⣬˵ˣǾͻȥɣ˵Ťͷߡ
һֵܣôˣɶӣ
һ䣬æ׷
ӻһĲޣһҡͷҧһڣѵ㻹ҧɣ
⡪Ҿʹͷ޺˵
ҧءһҲͷĿͶǰ˵
Ҿʹһļƣҧгݵ˵
ȥǡһ˵
⡪˿²аɣ
ץĸں棬͸Ρ
һ̾һ˵ʶֻԶඣ˵꣬üһԵĽ־
Ӽ״ֹͲ־ˣ״γԶţȴ̳˲̣ת۸ûһ㡣һûԼɣ
˻תջԬ복Ѿкһȥ
Ԭ򸾵ķڣһԬϲɫͳһӣ˹
һӹһڵơһһһء֡⣬Ԭ򸾶ˡ
Ҳ˷ܣʾԬ˵
Ԭһ¶ߵ޽ǣЦ˵ȥҵѣľɵزΡھֵͷسľ̫ƽھǽӹһڡҵҲ˵ķϣԷھֽ黹˴εŰݷãôͷ֪ʮһյӵڵˡ㳵ǵıףæ
˵ţԬЦӯӯһ
һͷ˼
Ԭ˵ͷһݽ飬Ҳû¡ֻյӣһŵӣҪѣʮ£Ҫŵӣʮ£б˼ɣҲûơ
ͷΪ˲Ӧ˱ŵӡ泩Ц
ˣСһܴˡԺȥԿɾϡǼʶɵķɣ˵棡ԬЦ˵
ǰˣΪܰﵽԼһĴпѡ
ǾҪˣԺ󻹲֪ʱһڴҪౣأԬ˵ţӳӹһݸһ˵˴λȥϣܲѰֵܵźҪԺʴˣһӣ࣬ճʹáԺϾЩ㡣
һæƾܵɲɵģǮá
û룬۾һɻδԬȻڣһǽģҪ𣿡
һһ룬ԼģܲҪ𡪡
Ƭ̣СһģСһȴ֮ˣ
Ԭ״ȦҲˡ
ǰһļˬʴЦԼҵֵܣ
Сһһ书Ī⣬ҲӦԵСģ¼޷֮ţԬɫص˵
һȻ֪˵˻æɫʩԣСһǣԴΪ
ͱˡ㻹֪ǷСһصĶأԬЦ
ӣȥھ֣˰šһԵĳЦ
һͷ˼
Ԭ򸾶˲⣬Ŀעһ
죬һ̧ͷŶˣɫ֣ص˵Сһ֪Ԭ복ζδͨδ
һδ䣬ȻҡͷЦСһ˵֮ľ磬ʮ๦ɵáΪԬ㣬²Ͼרֻˡ
˵̾˿
ԬҲǵͷɫ͸һԵֻнһ֣ʮ๦ܽҴﵽ˸߳硣˵˽ܣǽײβĸˡУ˵书߾֮߷â޼᲻ݣʩչṦ裬ȥ١˾۰
һ⣬Լ͵츣ʱգҲӦǽеĸְɣ
Ԭ복ⱼƴѣѪֹԼܵһ飬ͬ츣һ㡣
ʾԳϣұԳϱ֮
Լƽһһư򸾶һء˵Ԭ㣡磡СһܰʡȥʮĿ๦Ժ°빦ˣȳڣѪȷУҲСһЩģ
Сһ˵ʲô鵤ҩһץסһ۾ϲ


44 ż
մе֮٣ᱻԼǰ˿ɽǱȣ˵жֶ֮ΡԬеɻɫв֮⡣
ʲô鵤ҩһЦ˲츣ʹǰļ򵥣˵һǲС
˴ͨ˶ѡһĵ˵
Ԭҫϲæ֪Сһֶθǿȴ֪㻹˱¡⡭ýָαźã
Ǿ֮ͰˣһЦ
ԬԣимĪԹƣ޵ڶϰǲ˺ġһȴҪ򸾶һ컯顢˶νˡ
²˳٣Сһ԰ɣ벻ɻأʹͲУһɫ˵
˵ͷֹӦȫûĳ侲
һĪ֮ܣ÷򸾶ĳȣҲ޵ڴ
Ԭ복ڴ֮ϡһվڶ˼гС죬΢ɲ֮䣬Ѹ䶪ܣڱ󷨡˫֣תڶ߰ٻ֮ϡ
һϰһĶÿʩΪϢ񣬽ʶƣԶ˰ٻ㣬ؾ¡ͬʱвɵķԸˣתϢ
Ԭ򸾶ϰ꣬ǿڳˣ֮츣һʩչҲҪࡣ
һʱһһ٣С쵽֣ٿһԣչ
Ƭ̹󣬶ͬʱ۾
ڵϣȭӭһ
ȭͷлһ΢ı죬ƷͬСɡ
ֻһɵ澪ϲԬ
ԬβסļĿ̥֮̾Уأ
һ״΢Ц˶˽ԼĹ治ϵۺ书ȻҲϡ

ڶ죬Сһδȥھ֡һֱھð緹һͬͷϡ
Ԭ복ӣòղͬҲھҲֻһ֪
Сһɶ˵ˡҳĺֵܣ޸п˵
һ⣬ҪౣأԺת㣡Ԭδ䣬Ȼ¡
磬Ԭ㣬أСһɵ˵
Сһֵܣɽģˮౣذӻִ󺰡
ھ˷׷׻һЦݣֲͣ
뿪˰ߡ
ˮȥԶ
ɽɣˮֻǣط֮δڣ

һڰվãƻת
غӵ̵ĳϣŵģЬģŲµģеģ죬Ůͬ
һⲽĿΧüͷһ壬ȴֹ漴һֱֻԼͷ͵һ
һһվסתһƽŭӶԷ
һʮ߰Ľ¹ӣһ߷·ȴҪöࡣʨǣһǾ͸Į˵󻹸ӡ
һˤЦн»ȵ԰գǱһƲҡǰȥҲһĻЦ
˵ıӰһĬͷ·
˺ӵ̣һͣǵߣϳǰк
¹ӹЦҾ֪үҵġ⣬ӳ˳ȥ
һ̧ͷԶȥƳһۡһǰȴͣ˽Ų
δһĺȻתȥ
żµӡһݺӣĴһδ϶ԷͻȻɫһϣ̬оһΡ
гµļ뿪һ˵ǹ˵ǰˮΡ
ҺðˣǷˣҲÿ˰ɣһޱ飬ţͷ߽˲
ݺԣһݣ֪ԷδԼһۣȴѲΧһС
ţ⺺ڲ֮ˣ㰵ϸϸһһ¹ЦʱȻǰ
һ㱻ƵǱģݺӵлɲֹ֪ǲǱꡣǸɲ硣
һͣڲǰʱݺӻͷرܣû룬Էת׶ԼĶٸ޴롣
һ̣ԼһУ⣬ı¶ڶԷĿ֮¡
ʴˣ£æɢ£
һ߽ݺӱȭ¶ï
һ̧ͷŶï죬Źֵ»һ
ï״һɣӲҲ滺ࡣ
һͷת֮ʱȻһ˵ͷ·ܷ紵ݶȴԼⶡïڲԶԶԼ类
Ϊˣһ»΢΢һ˱ǰڷկǮһУ˶۱ʦɽ֮һʱ˴¹ϣӡ벻طꡣ
һлأΪλܵ˴һ£ѵŰ֮˲ɡдȲʱǽ¹ӵľٶȻҲ֪
Ǹ竹ӵֲֵһᣬΧڣ㲻мԷƽϡһ˵ֻһСӰˡ
ʦȥڷկйأǮһδ뷨ⶡïڴˣҲɽˡʴˣԴûкøУȴҲûʲô⡣
ͻˣ֡ïٶ£һ
һӣ̹Ȼ£ŶԷ˵ƺһɡʿ𡭡ǲˡ
֪ǡһڷʵ
ïΪһ˱衣˼ã̾˿˵ұŰˣǲɡڷկһΪھʶ̻һʱա
ͣһ£ïһԾһƽ˵ڷկ䣬ұתУְŰˮáżǹ˵ǰðҪ֣
ŶΪ˵Щ
ï˵꣬һ豭һڡ˵
ԷԼǳïЦҡͷ˵ںڷկһʱգǲϲΪ˶ҲǲѶΪ֮յĻоΪܡչ˵棬֪ܷ֡һֵܣҲöĳԱ⣡
һעĲ豭а⡣ïвʵҲ֮ŰͷĴⶡïԼǰ˽񣬼һǰСʿ̹͸ϣ˵ҲǸĺӡ
ïڴעһԷ̧ͷɣȥţ
Ըʧ֮ʱһĲ豭΢Цһֲ裬ӣ
ï˼תȻϲæҲ豭һֵˬ죬һоڲˮУˣ
豭һ¶ʵЦݡ
һ²豭˵һ£ʧˡ
ãһֵԺͷ¾Ҷĳ
ïӻͳһƣɫ˵һֵܣԺá
һӹһʣɫȴǦˮ֪֡Ƕï⣬Ҳƴǣ뻳ȥ


45 ŵ
һ뿪ͷ
ˮͷŰϽسȴɵĵֵ̣ҲμŰɻǼɵࡣɵˣھֵͷïǲҹʡ
ɵǿɼһߡ
ҲһУҪɣĺ
سŵһ֣سΪĽֵһѯ˼·˺󣬵֪ھλֵĶͷ
УһֿڡһˮǶˮ
ѭźϵʯ˲Զһھ֡
ھϣǰ龰һ̫ƽھַ·ȴӵƲ䳨ǰ׳ĺȻվ·˲ҿǰ
λ磬һͷһλӹ֡ԱϣͳһƷϡ
ޱĳһ´һƣһǰӹĿ¶˵Сֵɣתȥ
һ⺺ӴһͥԺһǰվǺӽͨ꣬ӳ߽ȥ
һл̧˽ȥ
ںǿµķשҲƬȾ㣬ճӰһ˼ʩһͷ
̧ǰȥ
һλϣ΢ЦһƤƵվһԡǺƤ߼һɫ£ת˲Ȼ״
ƣЦҾزΡԬϺ֮£ɣĳ£Ԭ˵ʲôıٲ丸Ϊھйһݿ๦Ǻǣиôñ㣬Ҳĸ
ӻɣ˵һȤ飬һĶУ֪ԼվȻԬ򸾺жԬ򸾵֮࣬زθ߸ϵĿ䲻ϲȴҲûϡ
֮⣬ʵڲùԬ򸾵ȭȭ֮飡
ԬǰԼزʱһ뵽˴ˡǰ̫ƽ¥ǰǸŰ޻ƴ֮ˣȻǰӡֻزεǶһӡҲǣԺյͷۼСӣ˭ֻס겻أ
ԱߵĺƤҲİһһ¥ǰѼһˡ´ҲϳԼ
һĿɨزߺ󣬹ʩ˵ͷֻǸҰСӣƽӹ۲Ԭ복ٰ̧ˣ
书𣿡زε¶һ˿ζ飬Цʵ
մǳжٽһͷ
زҲԬ복˵ܺǲϸȴɲꡣ𣬱Ҳǰ꣬־ɣɫҲа˵Ĳ֮ˡزβΪȻҡҡͷҲһʧȥ¡
ľܼңһȥðɣ
زηԸһһֶȥ
ǣүƤ߹Ӧתų˵Сӣɣ
һһ֣ҲܼҺ棬һСԺǰľܼͣһڴ˼ס¡
ľܼҵıӰԶһͷľܼҵɫǱÿ죬أ֮֮ɣ
Ժ֮ǰʶĲ鿴һ
ԺӲӲţôסߡԺԵýաԺˣﻹһ
һŲ˽ȥ
˭ģһզõСԺ
Ժʯԣˣʮ߰͡һɤզˣԲĺܶʵһݳĬ
˶һʡ
ҽһľܼҰסڴ˴һܿȭ˵
Ӻ󣬻վ
ǽأǴԶһԺһ𣬱˴˶հԲˬıȭ˵һԵݳǲͬһ𣬳һ˹֡
ԲĽ˵꣬кһ¡һ΢Цͷһʯǰ̸
شֵ˵һԼ˳ҲԶһһ¡ǲԴǣֻһ΢΢׸͡
⽯Զھֵĺˣ˵ĸ׶ھֵʦھйѫʦŮھƼŵӡҲھֶʦһʹͣ˵һָɡ
Զĸףڼǰһɫӣ֪Ƿйء
дһֵܣΣعЦ֪Լͱһһ꣬ǵ˵ֵ֪Ժδأ
ˣҴƽһЦŴ
⽯صϲ˽ύһĹ򣬾һ̸Ҳ˽⵽һЩɵ顣
ŵУҲΪ֡пŻԺģɨֲ˵ĵȵȡŵӲмȥ飬ŵҲһЩͼ书ŵϰǿеߣԵõ书ڡȻЩŵӻȥھǮҲǶı·
ŵӶǸ߸ϵɾӢСרɸ书ɷչڵм
˶Է٩٩̸һʵŵӱûŵӵʸ𣿡
ƲƲ죬ҡͷŵӶʦģһʦԸһʮͽܰ
漴Цڽϵĵλŵӣ߳ȥҲ൱ġɣǰ;
һȱټʶӣرָ磬ʲõ̸뽭ϵļ
⽭Ϊһˮɽһָɣˮǲ׺ŰɽֱָɽɣΪɽãɽɣƷİƵۡڶ࣬еʵе򵭱ڽ
۰Խӣ
ڵڶ࣬书ǿſʤ书ɲɳϣϽϷѾõҩ
ʶǽʿʥء
µɫͬڵλͬŵŻ£ŵϣɫֱΪࡢࡢϡɫΪţɫΪϣΪһӣһŵΪɫµӻŵ֮֡
ϲ˵˸߲ңһֵĺǫѷרעӣöԷţƤúܾˡͬøб
ʵ˵ɣɫȵȣһδϣĥ顣
Ž˵ͣٵĹһæ廰ǲĹѽֵֻܺ棬Ϊʮһεأ
ԭίһ˻治֪أʵ˽ĳһظԿ
ޣ뽯ֽˣһ۾
ÿʮ꣬Ҫɵ䲻֪ϸȴڵ֮ǰҪһεӡѳ˹ؿ϶˵
ȥĵӶȥδأòܻתһڴ
ЩͲ֪ˣֵΪ˹עأһʱⷴʵ
һһݣЩɵأô֪أԼԴԵУȻ˲ɣɵΪ˰
мת治ɫһҡͷ̾ЩеĿŰʱҲһ㣬Цĺأ
ֵܺ־򣬺жˣŵҲǲ׵ģȻЦһļ򣬰ο
⽯ˬΪ̸ýύȴҲûӵˡ
˹֪֮һ֪ԼδʦǰĽ̻壬ĸ룬ԬĶϳԺУΪ䡣
˵Ĺʱúܿ죬ת۱㵽ʱ
λʦְãһ
һʮŮӣǰ


46 
ԺóȻһŮӣδһȡʶ֮СԺеĿֻɻŮǺˣ
λ¹λǸһ˴ʶһ¡عȻûһʧֵĽ
ɫ׾°ͣüۿΣһҺȹƯˡ仰δڣۺ죬һʩʦ֣
һĵŵӻδأ˸ʦã
ºܰߵģѵҲҪԼһ㣬ȥŵӲɣ˵һɡ
ǣһʦ֣۾ȻԼĽż⣬Ӧ
ھֵĴʦˣ˱ʯԳسŶҲţʱʱ˵䡣Զʳһֻһ䡣
ð˸Իݡ
һѡһס¡浹ҲǴȫ
ش֣ǸľܼҵĺһΪǽһЩáѳһҪЪϢ˶Էʢ顣
ڴ֮ϣһžƺ«
ʱػΪ˴ȤǸþ֮ˡ
ʦµ«ɫϻƣСɣҲС治װһľơ
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ֻǡķ㣬Ȼһڴķнܣ÷γ֣󣬸ɹԻܡ
һԺϸϸĦķã¶ϲɫ漴Ĭдʣʶһɫâһһû
һѾһ޵֡
ڵһҲʱʱ֣ӳء
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仹γܣһȻ㣬Ͼһķ
Ĭ䣬Ϲâһһܵķ
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һָָһ鶹Сʯں«ֺǺһ֣䶪һԱߡ
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һ·ȥҲãسǣһİĺܡ˻ʺһ֮ʱһӰ´磬һصҶס˴ȥ·
Цһµ˳ڴǰ
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˼غü۵ĵԼæջϵӣֺõ˵λʦôƺѽ½ƣҲھƼŵӡھֵľܼңүԺԼֵأӦǺǣһϯ˵꣬⡣
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ؼ״֪˼ΪˣæȻҲԼˣԺеǻúദġ֪ǷҲأ
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ҲǺЦţļͬʾһ£˳ȥ
һΪûеƣǴ˵Լȡ񣬱˴ȴĪͬ飬пЦѡ
֮󣬴뿪˺һתһ֮СС㲻òظ¡֮䣬Ҳ˶Ȥζ
ƿԼţЦԼԴΪ֡
ðɣֻҪϲ
һ죬ϴǳǳЦ⣬ż߳Ժš
˳Ժӣɽƴͷת˸䣬Ӳ߳ھ֡
ϣ뽯ͬУǰ档
Ʋʱֺ£ⰮߵŮӣҺδʹֵҡͷβϲԽΨ˽أʱʱ˵Цһ·ϣ˵Ҳ˵Ц
ԶĬĬں棬ġһҲֻöԵ󣬱֣˦ź«ҴŽ־
سǶ֣ϱһ֣Сͨķһˮ֧Ƕǰһ޴ʯţˮˮϴҡӳˮ棬ԡ
һϣĿðˮĲͬ羰ȴһ泩
һûʲôҪáˣϰΪ˵ǹ֣˵Ǹ潯ص˸ӡһҲЩˮ֬һĶýæҲͣӡ
ܲãߺҲΣֻƾƵĻĽˣȡ
سһһǡ˳²ʮˡĵУĻĿĿϾӣֵ˽ಢ磬ַǷ
ţʱúܿ죬֪Уʱ
ƽ²ֹҪԶٺõġȻ⣬ԶҲûûˡ
һʼ磬ÿɷģֻǣ԰ײԡҲż˵һҾ¥
¥Уһ¥ʳ׶֮ء
һ˶¥ٴӿšƾٺʤ۵ףҲǸѾٷĺõط
ƼһҲЦ˵Ⱦ¥ֵܻ״ι˰ɣ
µǰԵʣƲԼˡ
һɫƽĵͷšһ
Ǻǣ˼Ҿ¥Իƾˮ󡯡ơݵƿһأãҪúóŶǺǣΪֽ
ۺڽбһһֺõĳһЦתֶԽ˵
뽯ֵۣܳʹһ
ĳǸֱӣȾǲˬЦ
ԶһҲ࣬¶Ƶࡣ
һԹ֣ʮһ򿪷ģ


47 
һĹ򣬾Ʋ뱸
Ҳһ̳ƣΪϣҲƴǲãǰҲһһȴ־ܾɫ
ĺ«ԽشǸ˵оơ
ظ㲻ףһѵֻԼľƲɣسǵƣһ̳ƾҪһأ
Ƽ״ޱĵĺһк˵ȥֵһ뷹ӡģ˼òߵġ¸£˵꣬ԸȤЦͣ
ؼһΪ⣬Ҳա
ºĴһһ漴׵ʹϼ
Զȴڲ䣬ĿһһƳ
һȻ㣬磬ʱ«Сһڣޱȡ
뽯ؽյֵܣֺ
һȻ¶һЦеĺ«
ƾȰƲãǰ̬һԵõĿɶ
СӰֹۣסŭһ˵λֵܣһƺ«װپƣװʲôþƣսĳĪ벻ÿڣĳӲɣ
һʶھ¥ɨһȦ󣬼ԱߵĿˣȲ֮ʱҲĻҲһ˿˶С
Ǻǣءֻºȹ˹ѾƱģѵõĺþƣﷸΨ̰ƣ˽ֵأ
һɫЦӲĻؾ˶Էһ䡣
Ҫĳյȴǲ˽ĳ档
ƾƳԣɫģһ˫ǾѪ죬ǹŶЦֻŽһакһͷϡ
ŶҪȾһ̳ӾҲɡһȻ״ž̳죬ҡͷﻹֹţЩƻڵأ
㡪ãұһһ̳ŭ֮£ĵϸҽҲµСӡһӣϾơ
¥֮ϵڶƿ֣ͣ𣬹ﲻֹ
˽ƵķԸҪȥһס
¶ĵδأСӾ¶ˣ
һԻЦ鷳ˡ
עھƿͣɷһ˵Ц
һͷԳһ£˵С磬һ̳ˣʡܵ鷳
¥һ٣֮һƬ
ŭЦ޵һϲޱ֮⡣
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ٺ٣ѵýʢȴСӡһһ̳ƣĿ⣬ŽƺЦʾ⡣
˵꣬ƽȵž̳һ̳תһﲱӣˮڣƳˮ㣬ת˲䣬һ̳ƾ̳
ᡱһ죬һվַ̳ϡǣɣϺ⣬ŵЦ⿴Žƣ˵ȸΪˡ֣룡
Զ뽯ؼ״ɵðԾȡ̸ֵЦ֮䣬һ̳ƾ˶ӣȻ°㡣ǾƾͣȻľء
Ҳ̴΢ţĿ͸ž
۽ǳ鴤ֹȴҲһҧϵľ̳ӣĿ˾Ʒӣš
ཡཡ
Ƶһ̳ӾҲ˶ӣֻճ죬ֱ۾ֱһݺݶһš
ãˬ죬ԵԹŽܣ˭Ծɷ򣬺Ǻǣ
һƳ޺󣬳Žһ֮ͷЩѵֹҪǺˣû˸˰
ԣǰһ󷢺ڡ˵үԺζɶУ㵱˵Ҫˣⲻǵһ𣿽үɶȱǲȱӡҧгݵ˵УүүӶ㣡
žһƴӻͳһӣϡ
ͺһһ̳
˵꣬ҲһˣƱһ̳ƣӾ͹ȥ
Լͬһ
һɫһ漴ֺǺһЦ˵Ұ˼ҽҪȵġһҪŻȥģȱ˰
пЦһ˹۸Уʵһ۸һȻֻԷΪʵûƢҲ͹ȥˣʵûҪĽү
ֻǣǰһУ˵ĹŹ֡ǽԸأһͣ
ԶأԲֻɫУЩĻ֮⡣
µĿͣһһݽ
˵飬һӶٲȻһСӣɵɵò֪Ȼģ
תۣƵڶ̳¶ǡ룬ҡΣһҡͷٹ˲ŭһˡ
һ΢΢ҡͷĿһ̳ƣ顱һ춯븹Уƾת۱Сһһ̳ƺȵĸɸɾȻˬǲźȹ̳Ƶˡ
˰ޣҵԼŲţһһЦֺ𣿡
ҲľȻž̳
ֺοءһ΢̾һĿ˵̳ƣҲƣԹ
һѾ̳׳һᡱһ죬ϡ̳ƺ£ɫɣĿγ
˺ȥһĺѣ
˸ģǿȡġƣǶͽ䣡
Ƶֻδ̳̲࣬ήٵء
һ£µؼ״Цֵܣ벻˾˵ľȥơ
ֺʮƲŵ£ҲǺˡֵһ̳أ˭ûأ
һ̯˫֣޹
һľ¥ھƿ;̾һⳡȻˡǣߺ𣬱ɡ
ҲԵĲˣԶȥҳذ뿸ģƾҪ¥һҲֻһ¥֮ʡһͳʧɤ
λֵܺþһΣ
һתվһĸߴ׳ʵĺ꺺ӣ͵ĴԼ
Ƭ̣¶Ц⣬ʩλ֮
һùʣµһ̳ƣ˹ȥ
»ףֹһȴͻȻŤͷ΢Ц˵뽯ȻأԺ͵æӦֹϼУ㳿˸
ϻһˣԲϸĿ͸žЦпһ
һλֳˡһѾ̳ϣ˵
Ǻǣʯ¡λֵܡСֵʯһظ쿪ȰƣԲӣǺЦ
ĳֵܾˣҲҹ룬Σ˵꣬ʯϡ
ƣһ΢ЦͷĿ̳ΪʯΪԼһ롣
˷¥ʱһϳ˶˭ˡǰ̫ƽϣ̫ƽ¥һȻǣҲʯʲôȭŵģԲǹŵġЩˣΪʲôسǣ
һԲ²ʱƶơԼҲ˽һЩ£ֶΪأ


48 
ʯһ룬ʹ졣Ѿ̳ƣʮ¶ǣ룬ɫ糣۹峺ɵΪ̾ѡ
ֹˣ²˸ƶǣܶЩˮˡ
һЦ־˵СҲһ룡
Ǻǣֵ̧ˣ룡Ц۾г졣ǷǷӣٱʾ⣬ܸɴĺȥ
ֵ֪ܺδư¾ƱЦݲģа㶢һ
ǰֵܵĿǱˡʯҲǺʵ
һһǹЦ˵СƽˣȻһ£סھ֡
Ŷھֿɲ򵥣ϸĿһӿ˵
֪λֳسкιɣԣһڷʵ
ֵ˵յӵҪˡĳֵ֡ʯֱԿ
üͷ΢壬漴һ˵ǰʮһεӣسǷʵٺ٣
Դ˸һɵ𽭺еĴԣԼԼ֪Щǻ֡ҡͷкѵ˴ɽˮϣȷʤ
һвϲ˵ĿǣԹʯ۸вȥ
ǰʤǰʹöɣĦȭƣԾԾԡǸûأ
ľƱ˵ֻɹЦݣ˵Ĺ졣
һһֻǣԼһسǵˣ϶ʧˡ
Ļദۡ
֣Сܶ⽭¶ĺܣǲ̫õġֻǼƲһ书ǿڽҲǺպɣ
ʵ˵Ϲƭˣͬʵ˵ĿޣҲ
һʵˣ
ʯһӣȴˣ˺øСþ֮˽˰ɣ϶Է֪ȤĻá
ȭǹţԭȻһʦģ˷ֳɡʯֱɵ
дԨԴֲö˻һǱ˴˲ģ
ɣڽеڶС֮һΪɣҲڿ˼龫Բ˵ɴģҪɵԷ󣬾Ҫıˡ
нݾߣнŵ뵤ҩȻҲŹ
⽭ӿδͣ
书ѣһɵĽλѣ
һԶɾҲͬ飬һ뵽ԪۣԸпֻ֣츣Ӷƽͺã
һһ̳ƣȥ֡
ˣ֪ھɵĹϵһУ̽һЩѶϢ
Σһտڲ̸Ȼ׷Ļ
ҪףСӶɵϤԼ˽ö֪࣬лкθ롣
һ뿪¥ȥ̧ͷ·һҾƷüһ̵ϾȻǧҡ
̧˽ȥƹƲʶһɫȻͳӣ̳ǧ︹ǬУԭʣµ̳ʮǧ𥣬ݳƺȣգ
ھ֣ѰʱĲš
һ뿴˹ȥ֮ʱͻȻһ졣ͷһŮӵھǰľܼҼĴ汼˳̬ӭǰȥ
һ˼δԿЦЦ˭֪ǿŵĺӳֱҡͷ
һͷһæԼס棬ϲųȥġŵĺ޶ԣֻǳƣޱ˵أ
һ¶ɫ˫һ̯ԭȵиƵģѻͷˡ
źԴ֣Ҳ˵ڣʾЩȥ
״һЦҡҡͷֻת߿
ţʲô鰡ǳͨ裬ȥҪӡľܼҲûѽҲԼûʽؼˣ˭뵽ЩأýãѵҪԼȥŴԼݺ˼Լȥ
ˣǱȥ˼ɫˡ
һתھǽǴ˹°㣬´һעԼӡһԭʧȥӰ漴һ㣬ڿնԽߴԺǽƮƮԺ
Ĺâһ¶ΡҲ̧ͷԹסСԺȥ
ʦֻˣδ߽Ժӣһӭͷ¡ɤԺеĽԶվ
һ΢Цŵͷ뽯ض˴˸к£Ȼ鲻ӡ
Ǻǣֵ˾ͺãҵҲ˻زأ
һǰ򣬺ǺЦֵǺþĿͷҲֵĵ֡ĳˣ
ƳĿһ֮ȣԵĸӵĵ
ܶЩưˣ̳һֵýĽġһǫ͵İڰ֡
ֹܻ̿͡ӡ
غǺЦĳҲ̳أֻʢ¶پƣֵ˵Ц
һΪηЦʵʵĽŪһ뵽˴תʵ֣ûʲô󰭰ɣ
شһӣں˵ֻǺȶ˾ƣ˯һޱˡ
ԣԶȴüͷ΢塣δϵһתһЦ˵лҪ˵
Զɫһɣ̧۶һ˵ҵȻת֮ʱľܼҺӣֵ֪˱ǣ
Զѵÿ˵Ҳзִ磬ȴһøУԼԺСĵ˼
ľܼƣԺȻù
һҲԩĺܣҾ˭˭ˣһһСԼ˵ǣң
һһɣңбǮУ
Ժ˵Цͣ󣬸ԻЪϢ

һڴϣǰż̳ӡڵ̯Ƶġֻžƺ«ڵͷ˼
ָһ㣬«ﶹʯƷɵһƺ«˳ž㣬ʧڿСָ˺«ʶУ«ˮ΢΢ţһ˿й¶«ãɢǷƷʦӺδأ
һ΢˫ۣ룬ڰٲݻ׫붫ӼǷصļء
ڣڡӼǡҵйƪţںΣ֮£һֺ«Ҫܽ««ɫƣԻϽ«Ϊϲ֮«ʲôôӼǡﵹû˵
һɵʦ곤ɣҲ֪ʦʱںεغʱõġģرϽ«ˡ
ֻҪʦµģǱ
һʯ«ָһУǧĸϸϸӾ̳зɳһߣ«ָһƺ˻ȥ«Ȼˡ
ź˺«һһʯ鼸飬ֱ̳
ԺƵศ֪ʲôЧкڴ
ƵƣʶԺ̽һһϨ͵ơ
ҹȻ붨


49 
ڶ峿һ뽯һˣھǰԺ
Ժվ˺Щˣһ漸´š
ǰһµزΣվĺߣľܼңƤףɫзģȻǽơһҹˣȴǺܺá
ŮӵǺۣزԣԵڲͬмھִԶԶվš
ľܼҼǰ׹үˣ
ز΢ЦһۣЦλھ־ټ֮ˣȥɣԺɵˡλΪɢи
ƴͷʩ񣬽һˣҲǹӦǡ
ãȻҪȥһ·˴ҲиӦزԵŮ˵
ŮЦٻ⣡
İɣسкõ֬ˮʱǸŶ
ʦ㣬ߡ԰գһЦߵİŮӣȥ
ھִ⣬֪ʱʮƥ
ŮһݣȻȣʮֺÿ
ľܼҲһƥҲɾ䡣Խؼ˵ͳһÿһƥ˸·
ھֵʦЯҲǷӦͬС
ؼϰΪ㣬׷
һеɵɵˣǰ£ҲһսߵģӢˬϡ
תۼ䣬˽Ωһԭأˣ۲ѡ
ز˵𣬼йŹ֣ŷֶ̬һ𣬴̫ƽھƼˡ
ΪλľܼҺƤ߳ȡ
ϣֱ飬Ƥϣһ˿Цݡ
ؼҲ¶졣˻вģ
زϼ˫ḺЦλֵĪǲ
һ죬εЦЦ˵δء
˵λ˭Ůֹ̿Ц
Ŷһ֪кμ̣һڴ
ǣЦˣѵ·̣Ҫһ·Ÿȥ
һż˭ȥأСô󣬼ܣȴδҪ׷ԼġЩûãô˿Լأھɰһôƥ
ɫ춢Լľܼ¶͡һ͵ҡͷ˦ȥ˼룬æز֣˵û᲻Ҳ֪ԡ
˵ߵһƥȥ
ľܼƤ˭йѧڴ˵ɣ
ľܼҶزΣЦݣȭү㿴
ɫӹһ˿šĵãգһٽˣˡɵΪ֮ϧ
Ҳת۾ѧ𣿡ŮأЦͣСӣӦسǣ˼ˡ
زγƬ̣ڣһɵһ
һѧűģų룬סҲȴ֪̤ͣԭشȦת
һҲżдʡ
𶯰һһ°
ЦˣŮҲͲסЦ˰ա
ˣȴľܼɵڽЦЦڶ
һȻˣǲ֪Ϊˣһɣʵĸߣ
˽Զһ֪һ˵⡣ΩдԶһ΢΢ͷ
һδ׶زαȭͷһˡ
һַһӶߡ
㣬һĻһ㣬죬ؽ򶫶ȥ
һҲ֣˫ȵϡ
˵Цݰ뽩춢ǰһС
ȵңСȤŮĿȥ
زҲǰԲ죬ͨĲɣɻ󲻽⣬ֻɺϰɡ

һһһܣȻǲġ
ͨԣһ˵ʱԷֳһʶͨһã֮䣬ͨʶԼ˱˴˵뷨
ǸһȵңŮӸ
һĿǰޣζĽ࣬紬һ㡣ԣˮĸо
£һбһ۶ԷڶԷСһ
̽ңôĻģŮüĿ续д档
ʵɣô֪أһҲ״
⡭ŮӶü΢ͷһ˵ҵĻඣ
һǣҡţӡ
㡭֪ǷأŮ׷ʵ
һһЦ˵֪
Ů;鼱תĥһĻǲе
ֽ˵ʵҲ˵֮䣬㰴˵ȥˡͽϬǺǣ
һ֪Ůǰ̫ƽϼǸŮӦͬһˣŮĶ̽ȻǰһĿķھǰһ̽ϣȻϳŮӡ
ȥŮҲˣزǱף󻹲֪ʲôأԼСΪ
ߣ
ŮӲ飬СǰȥȻŭһЩʵѱĻе٩гҲжԼĲС󣬻û˸ҶԼأ
һҡͷŮ˵ͷԶЩá
˲ǰУԽһľܼҶһδʦ׷ŮӶȥһĹһ˱سǵĶţƽ̹Ĺٵ򶫼۶ȥ
Զˣһǰ棬£Ҳ¶Ц⣬Խһкü
һȻԵã˺棬šֳҲѧ˭֪ǲֱ˦ǡ
һֻԸܡܶñ˵뷨Ҳһ澭ɣ
Ųƽȣ쳣ϵ˶棬ƮƮ
Ǵ˵еһ
һ۾΢գԵ֡

ͣ㣬ʱ
ǰٽŻ·ڼ棬ǰ
ײƮбᡣӦЩˮʳ·Сꡣ
Сĺ棬һǳϪˮ
Ϫˮһ뵽سǶϣΪβأδˮˣΨһĽͣˮǶֱǧȥˡ
Ƽ˵ԶأƵƵЦӭ
ľܼң˴ҲԶˣЪϢƬ̰ɣŮӶľܼҽ˵
СԸļǣľܼҹͷӦ̰ʾ
ǰ·ߣһڷŷʳͷ÷Ҳнŵ·ˣŷʱڴ˴⡣
ֽڿĻܹǣ˵ƥȥˮ
һǵסǣ˦βͣԸϪˮȥ
ֵѽԵأعЦš
Īǽֵ˼ֵûԵһڴ۾ȴڼʳϣһɨ
֪Ǻߣֹ̿µС죬ҧ촽۹ʱʱһ
һ뽯ˣദǺǢģΧ
ֽŷɿ죬ת۹򣬾Ϊ˲ˮʳ˱˰죬Ѽꤣ׷׳Ժ
ʦ֣֪Ů˭
һŸͷ˹˺ţ·ʹϵǸˣЦ֪
¶һɿ춢һۣСŵ飬ֽľǽеĹأ
һ΢Ŷһеһ˿Ź֣û⡣˺ͷ¶˼ģٲ
һˣĪһ˿ң˶һӡ
ԶһŷǰµʿΪߣƣƮȻǰɫüȻһɷģ˷ֱ治͡һλʿüĿӢɫбһһɫԺڡ
ʦ˴ɲԶ˰ɣĵʿǰˣ˵
ʿ΢΢ף˵ʮ·Ҫߡ
ЩĪҲȥɲɣĵʿĿ⣬ҲѲھһС
Щ˱ɵġ곤ĵʿַףоһ֡


50 Ϯ
˵ʿ磬øС˵ᣬӦΪ֮ȴһ
곤ĵʿϢƳȣӦڹסͽҲֲʦͽˣһ
һ˼˹֪˲롣
ʦãԱԺã
ҡŰӣųԱģ˹ɫѱƣµķ۾УҲһƬɫӿ
ɫһ£ʦֺã
ҲԺˣֶŶ˴ŹҡҲͷ䡣ΨһŲŲɫƽĿһ㡣
бһлȴ˼ɡǺߺЦֹУƣ
˳Ժϣľܼͳӽʣк̡
׾ӵԵʣһ󡣶Դˣ˽ϰΪ
û֪װģϵһĥղŵļʿ
ǵʿʦͽߵûӰˡ⼸Ϊأ˳ΪҪҴȥأߵѽ
֪ںʱһܰ˼롣ƽȴ붨֮⣬ֻҪϾϰԵȥ˼ǰ˺¶Ҳö࣬Ҳ࣬Ҳ١
˽ģһʱһӰӵĹµҲƮвͬķ羰ȥֹһҲһ㶵ɵСӡ
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һȴǿЩԶȥķüͷȥ磬ı󶯣ٻ¾ССɿɱȡĪϵɣ
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һ˻ƥϣµģˣৡһԳĳʦóʦö̵ĺиͣת˲̽Χľߣ
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԰գɫʩһ
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ʦͽ뿪ʱһͰԾһ·ϣΣͷʶǰһ﷽Բ˿и
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Ҳܴ󣬴Ҳ԰ѽŵġ
һĺǺЦţ۹Žضˡ۾ɵϴľУžϲȴһ˿Եͷǵ˵ʵΪñԼڴﵽĿ֮ǰ¶ǣ躹ޣǵġֹȴҲ̫ͻأߵˣܸ˹׾֮УȻ˲¼ɡ
ض˻δȻһѽʮľǵ˵ȥɣȻ˼Ҫˡ
벻ڶгЩ㹻ˡ
ԶֳЩϸ֦ȥ


52 
ڼµע£ԶΪܣһһԿţҲѧһּա
λʦϵܣԶ̧һܣһ֪ܲģԼλµӱȭ֪˭һ̧أ
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СӣԸŰɣǰָһµӣĵһһһƲ뼸λµӣתˡ
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̽ܣŵӶȥãڹʦΪָ书ö԰
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53 
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Ͻ˵ǰǴλﱻ٣ºҲ롮ˮѲ˸ϵɳѹ󣬿ˣ;û⡣û뵽ǣǸҸţ˴͵ϮҲҪЮźɡҲЩ˵ĵΪʱİҲ˺Ȼգ˵ȲӦҵʱٽйء
ݳϵͷ˵类ķз֮֮ͣ˴εӳΣǰ;粨
ǰʮһεĵҲ˵˵Ҳ̡أȴҲѲЩ˵ġѳڰ֮иˣڱط֮ɰȺ۾ӣ⽭ͬҲ
ƣɽ¶
ǽһɣȴľ֣һ֦㡣ܽͬҲ⽭˶ʼɣЩɵؼɵĸݲ˵ȾָɽˣɵΪ˵ġκ⣬ɳǿʢı֤Ҳ˷
ƬزɶУȴΩ֪δԽƬãã;ѳɹ˶Ρ
Դеľޣ谭ڶ཭ɷչʱܴɵݾǴ̵ĽˣΪ֮ڴġ
ΪһɣɶԴ޷ܾҲܾܾᱻ½ͬжԡⲻԸ⿴ģ˵ĽһҲȫû塣
ɰԼͨݾ׳ȻĲʡ鲻Ըֻܽ˵˿Ѩ磬Ϊƾ
ڼͬƣҲû˹˼ɣҲ伫ɷʤŭ޿ŭûȷ֤ݣҲóȻԿͬ
µɣѡ񲢲ࡣ
һƬ
ľɳ죬һۣ֪£ΪƾݡԲͷӳҲܵ顣
ľһ仰ڳĵһ
ѲɽҪ֣ÿڣԽκһ˿紵ݶҪԹע飬иˣ̲ݻѡ׼
ľһ٣Ŀһݣ˵ȷ֤ݣɣߴ֮һС֮
λ
ľɻӻ֣ת˵λ𻰣
ɵʢܲɷ֣ŵӢϣüλк̤ʵ
ԪӲԶǧˣ֪λοľŴλ˵ϸĿ
Ԫֶ֣ŮĳǳģɽĿȻ˵
˼ľţ˵ɽãɽɣ߽ϱƫ֮ءΩƷİƵۣλ̹ɽ֮Уƹ۾ҾɽҲһǧ֮ңԪ˰ƹ۲ˣǧҾɽҲȤ
Ԫܾˣ书ף֮дһԾԾԡ
ϹˣĳдΣɽЦ
۾һɣüɽ㲻ɣ
Ǻǣֵÿ˵ٳº͵ЦԶ˾ٶϰΪ
ԪӾȵȻ顣º˵;Ԫӣֻûϳ˵ʴˣԪǧﱼһң־жҡʩǰںɵˡ
ԪӻǿѰɣɽ˫һ̯ת۰дˡ
ҡͷӥĿ֮ôء
ָȴУΪȻ
ľ룬΢΢ͷ
⼸գԪӾ㣬̽㣡


54 
ش͸˺ҹΪɽµĳԺһĨ⡣
һֺǺǵģԼϽʮƥ
ոӵʲϣԵ𣬲ʱǣ˱Լʺ
ٺȵˮԺأտˣһЦǺǵģͰˮˮС
ڸɲݶϣȣˮҲȤɵӣһԸлľµһģȴгȫԼ
ζţĴԵðҡһ磬ԺԼϽطĸɸɾ
ζһ㣬޹ؽҪһϲƧ
ԺԶլԺƽЩɱ˺źСʱһ㽫ԼסӺͥԺˬˬ϶ֳɵģһµＴɡһɽϪԺ⣬Ͱˮˮס
Ĺһûˡֻյһ˵ˡ
ϡλʦܰɣһɤµӽ˹˶Ƕʮģһ˯죬鱹
һӣ²ݶ⡣֣ǺЦλʦ֣簡
⼸ȴ񣬶´ϡ档
ǰһӣڣϿӿӵ㡣ظʺż򣬵ͷ˵аλʦܺڿ죡˸ɾǣһû˯òŴɨõİɣʦΪǺǣ
ֻγһˣƤҲɾֻһС۾תһĻͰͣͻ͸˵ǾûʹأҲ°ɣҵġ
˹̭ģһЦҡͷŵˡ
λʦҲ簡򶡡Է׼ˣֻǰ˵껰ɫенĶһֻ֡Ķʵ׳֮ΨΨŵŵӽȻ෴
ǺǣǺ򣬻Һʦְɣλǡĵһָ
С۾ǺЦŹ˵ҽףʦܶˣ
һλʦ֣һֶʩһ
ʦǺڿ죬˵İɣ˴һ˴ɨģ´ͣ
Сܳէģɶģʦָ̣ɫ죬һеͷԡ
һƨڲݶϣߺߵɶָ̰ɲҵġʦ㣬˵ǳȺպûˣ⡭˵ţָܣָǵķ񹲷ߵӣµ˸ɾǣûʦǣԿ
ٺ٣ʦĲȻԾֵ黳Ĵָһ˫С۾Цӯӯġ
õģ˶ӣипƵġ
һֻ뷭ۡԭʦ֣Լߴɨ̫ɾԵǱ߸ҡˣɨˡԼܲȥɨɣⶼʲô˰
λʦ֣ҵСܵȺ˵𣿡һĻһ䡣
򶡵ͷһ˵ʦܣոһյģ㲻ӿﷳƣ͸Ųףȴעһ
һЦЦ˵Σ˴ɾˣҲ˵ҴҲ泩Щʦ֣˵ǲأ
򶡳Ĭһ˵ʦ˵еȥɨˡ˵ߡ
׼ôʦֵĻˣ
˵ĻûҺҪͷҲء
ɵСӣôͻȻͲأϺ˵仰׳򶡵ıӰţеܻ
һףλƴӲݶվվһǰֵ˵ʦܣаʦأ˵ţЦһļ
һбԷơ֪ǼûϴˣƵָ๸ָףɵüͷ
βҲһκڼϡ
¶Цݣһֻһ泯쵹ڵأûԷļƴȥѵƷ顣
һվĳէģʲôɨԺǣֵر֣ǹλʦأҴ˴Ҽˣ˴˺ദҲġλʦ֣ΪȻ񣿡
ģҪʦƴӣȻ˴кιؿأϺҹ̡׼һģû̧ϥǡ
ֱܲԻϴ˴ϰλʦֵķԸ¶ڶ˺棬Զհ
Լţȴһ仰ӡ
򶡴׳˲ǿֻºȥοԷӦ޴󰭡
ôЩȥˣ򶡻ʵʵġʦܣʮͣȴβֻҪԼȭţԺ󻹲ͬķ
ģȭŹҲɻûв书ˣֻ书Ҳиߵ֮Ծ
һûЧɻ֮ʱԼϬ˫ץһ˫硣
һ붯֡ɵһ죬ִ˶ԼĺȰ֮ҪֽѵԼ˵޼ɵŹУҲδʦܷ
Է˫ץżһҲɫ˫һΣ˫֡
̧׵Ľơұǰ죬һסĲӡ
ױһߵһû׻ȹǶ֨졣ʹ̣ѽһȥ
׵ƨδأѱһסӴڿյ£ϡ
˵һҺֹȴһ۰סá
һֱۣͷطͷһƬֲסҪץסԷȻ˫۽Ϳɽˤôͱһֻǯֿסأ
ظоһɣܴˣæһµһߡµס󡱸ͣһҵòأ
׵һû֪ƲԼһ㣬ֱһ£㱳ȥͻеһᣬĻתֻеʪһƬ
ֻһ۵Ĺһ磬ǲźۼվһԡ𣬴ЦⶢŵϵĶˡ
æ˹״ӣһһ
϶ԾǱ˴򵹵ģΪһŸûƵģգ۹ͽε˱ң
ʦ֣°һʼ硣
תҵĶˣæ˵Ҳ¡
ǺǣǾԼСˣסʦ֣ϴûɹʹˣһ޹״ָ׵Ŀɣʵ
Ի˿æסɣƤðѪᶼˡſǻ֡ʦܣʦֵĴʦܴ˴Ժ۶Ļ𣿡
һҡҡͷ˵ʦִԲӣСô˲أʦ֣ʦ֣˵ǰɣ
оӶҪˣûѹһ͵Ļʦ֣㣬ûӦ
ŲɵͷɫãȻӦһоԣæһȴһپúһȫ׹ѡ漴ɽѹֽҲãͷ顣
ɫ԰ףδģѲܳܵظת˲䣬ļµһʧӰ١
֮£Ϻ¡״ε˵ʦܵģԺ¶ʦܵġ
һҡͷ̾λʦǲ尡ǶЪϢΪã˵ţ澪򶡣ʾȥ߿ʦˣ
֣һתȥ

ʦΪȥˣ
еͷȥӳ鶯ţϲֹͣţʲôζϤģʦĪ˰ɣ
ꡪСС۾
ֻкڵϡ
Цһں˵˴û˵ģ˿˭û
ױվ򶡴£ֻšǴ˳ɵ
²ʹȴɿ֡
ϡһ˲ݶϣֹ
Ҳ򶡷ڲݶϡʦɵ㶵ģ򶡲ôˡƽ˶ָ㽭ɽڣȴֻŲģΪһʦܣͱɵˣ
˵ԼɵģԼδ㡣ǺǣȤ״θоˣ˲Լǿ١
ĵӣԵãżǲ־ˡȥŵӵͷʵҲֻһѡ˼ңԺȲӣɶ־ĵ˵־Ǻܴġ
򶡳࣬µлзԣÿ»Ǯã㡣
ɺȴ뷨˳ʱԼ룬书гɣ򣬹ҫ档ɰͽ᲻ù£Ҳȷʵ벻ˣɣʮꡣ˻㣬Ȧ
вޡʣҲֻÿùҹһ⳵ԺУԻȻӡ
ʮƥܳԿ࣬ǡˮιЩ
ˣҲƤִҲֻʮƥһĵΪִ¡ʶƤִ¶һֵ֮⣬Ƿдͷö֪
ףͬһ𡣺òףԺˡԺ󣬸ɻ˶ˣ˱иӿңһڿ죬϶⣬ֻҲֻɨԼĵط
ɨǰѩ˱ӵģҲǲȺ֡ǣ˺ԵѶԷ˵ӲΪ˳Ժĺֵֻøⲻ۵һͽ䡣
ûϵʮˣ̧־ͽ˴ڵءԷʲô书õʲô˶û塣
˵ģˣǰݡôĶףô߿أ
˵ȭͷǿӲ˴۸СҲ˹£вʹ죬Žкأ
ⳡ֣֮ú׶˸еί
ʦûгˣҲ׼֮
ദѣ


55 ɽ
һ˵˼Σ⡣Ƥִ˵ˣòߡֻҪԺԼȥҲȥˡ˴ûޣֺαҪͱأ
Ժӿׯ԰ıԵ֮⣬һӦͨɽţҲȥӦƤִ˵ĺɽɡ
İĵطﶼϤ֪δȥ
һг֮ʱ̧ͷԺԺǰפ
Уһµĳ볤ϣһ졣УӦ벻ȻɵĳϡʿԪʦͽҲ
ߵԺǰһ֪Ǻáֻܵͷʩ񣺡ϣ
ϼһ񣬻ӻֵȥ׼ƥҪȥɽ
һӦŵתܻԺӡԺѲˣϾ룬ԼܵУǣƥԺˡ
Ҳһ˦һ䣺ź򣡡ʿ
֮£һֻֻԺӣǣһƥϸں档
ǰϵƮ˹Զ档
һƲƲ죬Ż٣ԶˣŻں档ĵŵ̵Ļһ㣬ȥġֹ̲
ɽǰ·ԶƹһСұڣǰȻʡ
һ޴ɽȳǰ
ɽȽϪˮȣľʢԶɽƾͣǧȺͦ㣬ֱ
һҷ٣ΣҰɣֱкƱףҡʱתڶ
ɾڣʤ鴫Ԫ̾
Ǻǣ˴ɽԻ΢Ц
Ԫ̾Ⱥ幰أ֮Я֮ƣˮ֮ʱһɳ찡֮գ
ԣɫСָԶٵ˴Ի١Ϊ̶˳޵֮ˣ۾Ȥǲ׵ģǺǣ
ͱڳҾãǧ֮߷кֱ£Ʊǧף̶ǰ
Ԫ㻳ֹиж˵ƶʮأķؿߣʶϣ֮խС֮аʶչضѵõǧУᱲ֪
ԣд֮ʣüͷɵ΢
Ԫӣʦͽ˶ͲöԷ⣬ҲװͿ
˭֪˽˵ϺǺЦţӥĿȴһ˿
Զһǰ漸˺ɡеķ¹ɽȷ羰ȴֹš
ԪԴǻд⣬ȴưϳɳصأмɵ״ɳ֮ĶԻһԽеʣһ˽⡣
ԪʦͽȻ뵽ǸԶ۵ŵӣȤԼ֪֮Զ˵ĶԻصΨһͷҪͬԸ۵Ļӡ
̶УЦݣԪ̾ϣҲ֮ײֹֻǰ첻һԡԪĿ⣬ЦʱϳƬ̣˵ǰ治ԶǾȺ֮һİ·塣ɴ˴ϷǰɽвУξϼۡϳϱڴ˴ǰȥֱˮƺΣ
ԪɷǺЦϳҲǺˬ֮ˣԣƶԸ
϶Զһʾ󣬱ԪʦͽǰС
ԭԼУô˼һˡ
˽ûӰһԶȺԶӰ£ƣ¥̨ƸУ˸߲ɼ֮С
һ⣬ΪŵӣǱһ̽便ˣԼȴܾʹ˴Ҫ̽飬ܻϤϢҲԼĴĹ֮УΪܡһڳԺĵȴпܵδһƮޡ
ƥ̶ˮˮһͷȥд˸ڣƥԹԸں档
һԵ⣬Ǻһ֣Ҳ˴羰Ժڴ˴Ҳ⡣
صԺδǣǣһƵ˹Ц˵˵ʦܣЩԺʦǣǺǣ
һ֪Ժڡʶǰѽһϰߡ˺糿ı˺򣬼ֱˡζԷڿæµš
ʦܻˣٺ٣డ׵ĽеȳŲһһεġϹޱеЦݣС۾
򶡸ں棬ԴĲסղŻҪԼףôһһ̱Լ·أ
λʦ˿ʦԿһ̯֣ǻΡ
ɫ죬æҡֲͣ벻Ҳ˹͸Σһֵֵܲԣʦ㲻ˡ
һϿңαЦɫ¾ʹ˽ҹСС壬ҲʧأλʦֱǡСˣ˵꣬Զʩһ
һ˿ǫͣö´󰲡
һֽ˵Сܳէģʲôλʦֶָ㡣
Ժλʦֵܣʽ򶡶˵ĶԻЩͿǰʦֵܵĺãǺǵԹЦš
׼һ̣Ϊͣϣɵöʦܺøб
˵ദ㣬μĹ۸УӰϲѡ񣬶ϡ
һһΧڲݶϡ
ʦܣȥɽˣ׵С۾ŹС
ʦֵһ𣬵Ҳڡ
һЦŵϲǲ㼸λȥɽ棬Сܸһ򡣡
ʦ˵˼ҲУҡͷЦĸߣ֮źҲǼҵ顣
ʦ֮СҲǸŵӣв޽١ɽǸȥ̶ͱڷңСܿɿ۽ˡһδ
һǰŲȴ΢üͷ
˵ȴһֹס
Ϊʦֿ
˵ţһҲƴǣ᳭ҽţҲȥϵЬӣָڽŵ׽Сȴָ鵯
գ۵Ĺһ׵ҽţĿ¶Цʵʦָоˣ
򶡶ˣֻһָһΣȴ֪
С۾ɵԲȻһָ鵯ҲǿɽŵȲѨλ̣ˣȵĸоת˲ȡһȽţʹôʧˡ
лʦˣûʦܻͨҽأæҪлһסЦ̸ϾͨģֻһЩѪ֮ˣֵһġ
ǱһнƣȲѪͨǱһв̣
̾ʦլʺǰҵȻΪʦأٺ٣ʦܿȣƽϡ
ȥ֮±ˣǺǣһڰ֡


56 ϰ
һ˿е֪Ⱥ壬ߵͲȣվֻͬβ¡¡؃ɽԻΪפءµ壬֮Уѷ
ŷ֮ԶҲͬ˾סķԽЩԶֱ׺ʮ뼸ʮﲻȣΪʤ¡
βž·ɼλפأ·ŵӵפأ؃ǷͬСɣ̫ϳϱչ֮
¡βŶ؃ݺ塣

һ֪ɽűɽΪ·壬βɽˡ˽ܣŵǲ̤ķκһ
ֺʦܵ书һҡͷ˵书һ㣬ֻЩѡ˵ϰ״
ԭõϰŵϰģֻŵļ򵥹򹫻ùµʹͣſϰԸһЩ书ʮ˾ҲֻϰŵȭŹ
λʦ֣СҲȥϰŵ书𣿡һʵ˵ͷǡ
йǣƬ˵ʦҪȥ緹ȥƱǣ
ǳԵĹŵŵӣⲻҪһҲ֮顣ɲΪ书𣡼Ϊһ룬Ҳ˳ˮۣӦ

ԷĵطǼӣ浽ԡֻǹ㲻˾ûˡ
ãƤִռһӡ̧ͷµӣЦеĴк
Ƥ簡׺ǺЦš
裬һ֣أƤɵÿ飬ΪֵǶ鰡
Ҳں
Ƥִ¶˲Ϊ⣬ֶһЦֵܿ³Էһ㣬һⶼԲˣ졭
ϰں˷ˣƤִȵȴ˼˵ķˡ
һæƺƤ磬Ҳ¶˷롣
ףֺõĽеһС
һæƾܡƤִǼʲôϡ飬ɴ۾һ˵λôˣûɣ
ȥģŲأʦܳʦֵӦװһ壬ɷµ˵
һԵĺҲǣƤִͷԡҲ۲Ķһȴ޲֮⡣
Ƥִҡҡͷţ˵ɽ׸ģơ˵ĵԼ֪ܲ
λʦ֣Сܲϲʳ˿Щã
һķ󣬶ڿ֮࣬ǲϲʳżԳҲͰˡǶ˴˰飬ȴòǡе򶡵úֿ
򶡶һʦܣԵϲ
ƤִΪǫͣҲûʲôأ䲻֪Ϊζһ飬ȴĸοһէˣת۾ͻ֮ˣദ޼䣬ӦǳԺ°ɣ
˴һϰ
һ̧ͷΪԺһǣڷʯܵԺŵĴǰ顰ϰ֣ǰʯҴ»ʵƽ̹ʵ治һҳ
ʯǰפףЦһ
شһۣһʯϿȥյĹһʯǰԹȻģһԾ
ʯǰפãһȻ
ʯϣֱ¼һȭ뽣ӦΪ׹һȭΪ
ȭ·ΪŵϷ顢л䡢УҲΪ߷衢ǱԨϷˮƾᶷ˫ơ졢Ұ졣
ȭúܺʽķʯԿ̵һϸϸһ飬ͷβסеȭСɵһҡͷʽƺܻˣʽȴ©ٳвɵŹ
һ֪ǣʶСɣķں书ļ۽磬ѳ书ľޡ书һ˵ҲеȱʱѲǰǸСʿֻɽУԿɽ֮ȫòѡοɽǱɽˡ
緹ʱϰеҲ
ϡ˭úʲôأһһ
һȻף˭Լ鷳
һƤԺڣĸ׳ӣͱźˡ󻹸ˡһǼᣬظĹĵĺӡһľȻǽƣЦһƵƵʾء
׵ͷֲֹƺ½ʦֺãȴŲȥĲޣҲ
һ˶½ʦ˼ɵԴ˺˼ۡ˭֪鷳ת۱ҵͷϣûȻͷĺӣһɣֳСӣȥװģʯǰʲôܿ𣿡
ʦ֮ô˵̭֮ϰһֻЦ
֪ôһ鷳أ˭֪ԼˣڽѵСӶòԼˡֱ֣ڴ˵ĵҲÿСܵġ
˼״æһҪ뿪
һɨһۣתȴںϸѯɫ֮£æӦֹ
ԭŵĶˣϰ书ǿ֮ƽֵѲɽְ֮һ½š֡һ书õУֻ͡Ϊ̰ռʦֵǵıˡһжɣһ书½˾强໥ģϰҲǡ
ˣǳԹ˲ٵĿͷҲ˷ģһˡûλǿˡǲ𣬻Ƕɣ
˲ɣ½Ҳ˽ƵĺôүµıǳζͶ֪ٵĵǽ֮ˣһǺüĿڳҲļ
һ֪ϰһЩغʾǡת½Цϰʱŵڵģ˴ʦֵܣλֺαǿأ
һ˲࣬ȴԵ˫ֱ˫Ųվ䲻ʧȡ
ŵӣûбŵӿԼڿ˵½´֮ʣһλͬ顣˼Լûɣ
½ˣӿ챻ɵõǹЦ˵˴ϰ٣ҵרȲú˵󹤷㣬Ӱҵϰ䣬ЩǳԵĵ֪һŵĵӣҲڴ룡
Ǻǣһ߽ۡԿϰ䣬Ź˵ĵӱ㲻ϰˡġҩġµġģҲͬŵӣ˭һͷ
һ̬Դǲȴÿ仰оݡһȣҲֵܿһЩӣĿ¶֮⡣
Ժֶ˼֡½ɫӲÿ
ߣĲֻĹɣǱ½ĳϵı£˫һӣÿһƬյء
бһһ½ŵһɣ½ĳأ
Цϣһ˵طǸҲɫ䣬ŰӺ˼
½ƴֱת·ݣһôѵⲻʶôӡ


57 ҹ̽
ΧɫעųеΡ
һŵĵӣҪڡֵ֡ñˣѣЩΧ۵ĵӣΪһɫкʱҲΪһյ˵
˭֪һһƲЦƾʲôҽ֣˵ź˾ߡ˼״һɡ½ǣݱܷͷ֮١
ϰɲǼѻȸ½ˣһԺȥ
ոռһɫ̹Ȼתȴͷ˾Ȥ漴Ц
½Ҳɫһ漴ЦģԭѼӵģӲϡŵӾĲ٣״Ҳ״
ɫưһԣǰϰΪвʣһ˫ǾԴϧĶһ˱Ӱ
ʦܰϣ̱ȥˡ׻ȻһЦȴ԰οһ
һ²ͣ׿ףҡͷЦأҲʲô
С۾գգ̫ͣס
ЦʦػʦҲġ½˸ʦֵܽģ
Ǻǣʦָ߿һˣ𡭡һֵ֪ڿοԼ
Ҳ̧ͷһʵʲô
һĿǰ׺ǺЦʵ䣡

һл˺ʢ飬һ˾סС
Ҫһסһܡֵһ徲أʵڲ鷳
ҹһб¹ǣΪԺһԣֻһסӣһƬС
ڵڣһڴ֮ϡ֧СǶСݵĽǣγһܵķ󷨰ѳԺһУζȫ
һͷһơеһ˿΢ķУ֮֫ٺ
оű飬̨ӯӿʵ֮һһ䣬ÿһë׶ԼѪ
һҹɫе˫ۡڵҹҲڲסеСΧڣ紵ݶƣ֮ĩԲ졣
벻ڴҵĳԺڣҲΪһüãȴǹһĨЦûʯƵƣҲȻʶϲķƾƣȴĻԭеΪʵƣϾԼĹˡ
ָһ£ѹ졣롢ǣҲø֮жˡ
һüһһУջ졣дĬӡһϵ΢âһϵӰˡ
ʩչһ߳ӡƬ̺ƮԾȥ

죬ɽׯϣԶɽԼɼ
һɽ¡ǰı·ˣȥ壬ǰɽǱܲ·ġ
ʶſǰԶѲҹ
ЩӦŵӣЯǱҹɫУȴ쳣
չһѲҹɽĵͷϷԾ
ĵӻȻһࡣ
оһ˵״Ρ˵ո˵Ҳ͸ż˷ܡ
ԽɽӣҲ·İɽ·ڡɽ·ǰɽԶɫµɽ壬ԵúطǳߴЩģӦβ塣ҲģӦǰ·塣
һоϣ˳ϵɽݣԾȥɫ£һεɽ紵
β࣬˲ȡһ·ϣ岦һҲ
⼸ɽ壬һǴδȻǳ̽飬ֻѰзӵıǡ
һǰһˡĵɵĵط
޴ʯƺߴʯûһΪզ಻ѡֻǴڿտҲûӰƹȥ
ɫУһǷӰӰ´һ¥Ʋɽߴŵľ
һ֮ʣʶСѰǰÿһ䡣ǰʯУаڼ书֮ɵüͷɻ̶Ѩ㣬˭ϵɫ£ǲɱء
виһĿ¥
Ƹ󣿺ɵ֡һʶ˲Ƹ
ˣһɫһһ΢紵ƮƸƬҶϢڷ֮ϡ
˳ǰԶ˵Щʲôһȴ㣬ĿƳһڡ
ĿƳɲǣһаݣҲ˲ͣ·ֺƶֻʶ֮ˡвԣŶˣ
ǳ˼Ƭҡҡͷһ˵⼸ˣ߳³룬һϵõϡ
лţĳְڡֻŷšľ˵Էһ٣веʵ
ûʲôҲͰɣɹġĪһ£Ǳ͵㣬Ǻǣ
ľɰڰ֣Գ˵
ľ벻ǣ˷һԻ֮󣬼̺ëͬ˵ץסĸоҲ˰ˡԼͬ죬书ɱġˣǱľŲˣǻѣ˵μѰ¶ˡ
ľ֪ǾһȻΪԼ̤һ֮ڽˣ̫ӡٽˣԼҲɱһЩ֮⡣ľľ֣гˣһΪСУž֮δ֪ԼķҲո𲽣ӽĴڡ
֮һԼдˡϢ֮£˿и
һϵµǰ̣ҲǺõġ̣Ȼ۽ϵȴҵȰҡͷЦ
Ǻǣ֮ϸлˣ
ľɱ˫֣ԭ˼һת˵ԪӱΣϿоϣ
³룬˵⼸գĳŴʦͽˣ˾ʤԪ;Уἰ޵֮Ҫ֮⣬ĳҲΣֻöԴ±̸ܶ
ԪӼĳرܣֻɽΪѡԪӱΪʾ⣬ҵ֮ʱҲɳ㣬ʾɸʿ빲ǺǣԪǺüıĳҲǲӦԣֻдʴشڳ鶨
Ԫ޽Լ飬νһ˫񰡣һʾãӴ˽հȴԽ˵õɱӻǿԷɺĺô˻׳̨ϣԪЯͼ䰵ͼȴʾãұǾܾҲÿڰ
һϯ˵꣬ɫ࣬ҡͷ΢̾
ľȴЦһߵЯͼԪĳ󰡣Ǻƣ
ľ£ָľߵãϸĿһǿԪ飬ԪҲСɵĵȡããļ裬Σءÿƽߣʮ֮ˡҺ;ңԶʱãط겻ܾȫԪҪɵһͬ;Ҫɵǲǰ;ǳʲôأҲֻˣ
ľ˵꣬⣬Ŀеҹɫ䣬Ϊһ塣仰еһ亮֮òԶһΪ֮ͷһ


58 
ԣӥĿ˸ͷ̾˳ƶΪԾƶĳлȻʰǺǣ
ľɫƽĿԶϵΪ⣬˵±˶ˣλͨһ˵Ǳ˼ԼжҪ԰ƹϽƣ
Ƭ̣ľɲɵ˵ԼҪô޽֮󣬰ƹ۱ɵǲΪΪȡΪءһǶԷǱԼκβɵ飬Ϊ֡ɵ֮֮
ľӵԼһİƹۣ֮֮Ȼƹǲ裬˱ǣֵˡǽƾͼƣȴҲììԣƹ۵ԪӲƣӮ˭˵
Щ˳Ǹļƣûһġһҡͷ
ŵİƴӡ
ӳս˶ŵˣľɵ
»вʱաӵѡɣѭڵӽѡ볤󶨶ᡣҲ³ھСڵλĸߣЩӦء
볤СڳϵѡϿг㣿ľɵͷʵ
ҡͷ˵ĳʮǰҲԵȥһΡԵڣǿ󰡣Ѧ쳤δأش󣬻̫ϳϵĶᣡ
Դ֮⡣ʮǰľӿǰ֮ȥ̡ã˳ԣ˾Ҳʧ㯣
ľҲ΢̾һ˵ҲǶʮȥһΡǸɽ֪֮ҲϪ֪֮ҲΪɱɰȺۣ¡˭ϳ˺֪ԼСԻֺ벻ɿ֮ܵҲˡ˭ϣ»һȺɲٿ֮˴ڣЩ˵ǰұ΢̧ͷ֣ʮУѽ⣬Ω̾ϲԲ
Ҳǳһ˵ڱźĳ־ãλ̫ϳǵҲûԵˣгɣĳɵˣˡ˵ţǺЦһЦдŲΡ
ľ˵ͣ˽УȴͽҲˡҲǻԵɺϣԺⵤҩ֮һʮ๦Сɡ£԰λ̫ϳǰȴֵһѽֻ̫ϳԣҲͯѧٲά裬ֻ´ֹڴˡҲתɣʵǶ·Ļˡ
λ̫ϳϣΪɾϹᣬΪҵȿģҲݡ
ľɽü΢ڰ֣˵һ֮·̤·ģһ·ߵþԶߣһǺǣֻԸ˴γеĵӸԵɣ
һ֮ϣ羪Σͣ
žȻȥǸط֪ǲǴĹӦҲԶ˿е̫ϳϣǵ˼ѵָ֮·Ҳ˵λ֮ˣΪΣ޵ʲôʲô᲻Լ
һʱ֮䣬һƽ
ۼȥһ뿪ȴľûо֮⣬һ˳Ƹȥ
̫࣬һѽľžֹ죬˺档ȴȽʶԶԶľɣĸ˹ȥ
ľɳƸƷһչֻҹɣɽȻ¡
ľľṦ߾֮ʣһĽҲɣһԶԶ档
β岻ǧɸߣƸɽҲԶľƮݣżƵɽɷʯյ蹤򣬱㵽˷סһ̲ͣǰɳۡ
һ̾ѣԼǷ׷ľɡɵṦ˸߾
ľǰβ߸͵һɽǰһ٣ԻֻһӰɽƮȥ
˴Ī̫ϳϾסĽ؃壿ľں޼ɣѲɽһȴԾ裬׺С
ľϼǧɣһɽǰʩ̧֮˽ȥ
һֹסΣפ㲻ǰʶľɽɽڡֻʶɽɲǣɬ֮С
ɽڼª쳣˶Ǹɽ·
ϣһ
ľɽɽ֮ʣ¶һ˿Ȼ漴۾΢ա
ԶһͻȻеһİʶ̼ѸɽΧ߰ʮɷԲ
ȻӦǰĲ²⣬˾Լһ㣬޳ʶ
̫ϳλʿҲν֮ˡ
һ֮࣬ͷ졣Ī˷Լɣɽڵһʶٲ
Ƭ֮󣬺ҡҡͷ˫ۡľɣ֮ɫ
˼һУСɵϡĲ鿴һһ֣С붴ǰؼûӰ
һһüʶɬ֮ӦǶڵ£öԷж֮˵ֶΣҲһ־ηԼҲС󷨣ƽֻ֮ã쾿Σдԣ
˵ʶ߰ʮԶԼԶˣһ˵ϸ۲춴е
İףɫȴǺϸͬӤ˫ĿɲһâӦ£ԼϰķĲʱ¡
ߵΪĪǱĲ㣿ԼվǰҲ˵ʶҲԼݣ
뵽˴һΣһѵܲ
Զľ룬ʶֻΣ˶ԻȴһĿһЩȴԳŲŲ
ú죬˲ľɶԻһᣬһ䣬ȻһǬɽУƾճһӡ
ָһ㣬Զ澹Ȼװһٿʯ
һۺȡԼôʯõ
˿̵ľɣûյϡ鹧Ժ˵ɼʮ֮ռЩʯ뽭ʦ£вǸ⡣
۽΢΢ҡͷȴڳʮ㡣
Ϊ˶˷ֱ治ʯռЩסҲ۵ģϷǷ̤ɵǹغǧʢ֮ưֻϧԪޡ
ʦԿɳġľæοȴʲô԰ûڡ
ϿУΪڰ֣˵˻꣬׼ѵõĸ٣ɽ磬һѽ֮䣬𳤣Ϊ𱰡
˵ţζĺǺһЦ˵ҵֻܷ΢һˣʻԵµȣҲֲñ˵ġ
ľȴɫλʦȴɵԽԶʦ
о˸ľɵľδȻ˵˴ԶУ¹ش󣬸ϵɵĽ
ľæʩ˵˴ǲӣΪСеݼӢ˵˿Խšһ٣ԳɵĽ˵ֻǾʦԣɡɵУЩߣʦܵ°빦
ַףҡͷЦʦֶ֪˼أ˵㣬ҵˣʵ˵Ҳ¶úܡУڵĸˣ̤֮ҵȻֻǳžδء
̾˿˵һˣǷһۿԿģֻΪǰ˵ֶΡΪޣǳϿʮ꣬Ϊ㣻쳤ʮ꣬ҲΪϷʮ꣬ҲĲΪ֮£˲뼸ʮǰֱתʵءϷҲʮˣΪ˭˵Ҷأ⣬ҲΪıİɡҲð߶ˣ˵Щ
һʶУȻ˶Ի˶ľ̯֣֪˵ЩʲôƵƵͷĹ֮ɫ
漴˵һᡣľɱʩǣһҴ⣬ʶľ˳ɽ
Ŀ˸Ŷڣ˼


59 оű
ľߣһûٸ棬һ˴ɫ¡
ߵֶΣһ˽ĺ١؃壬˱Ϊ
ǰӦǰ·壬ҲʱβˡţмһƬϿȡϿȣǵǾס·塣
һڷԥΣ϶ȥ
·岻ߣɽڶ࣬ҹɫС
ͬȣϢ䣬һǰһͣ˽Ų
С֣ǰյϣߴʯ˱Ӧϰеһ£ȻŽڹķṦĹ
һϸʯ
ɵ书ؼһ⡣ľɵṦı˿
ɵṦϰһûѧҲû˽̣Щ书ؼʲôطһȻҲǲ֪⣬·ѰԡʶѰҲûз鼮ӣĵؼӦڱ𴦣ԺȥѰңȴз⴫
һɿĿ˱齣Ӧŵӱ֮֮ϰʯϵĽ࣬ȴҲԼԪ
ڹķֱӺԡ
ʯϣ¼ƪṦķ벽Իоű䡣
оű䣬úǣһ¡
ϸϸһ飬μ¡ֿ˱ʯȷһȻһɽƮȥ
صԼ˦󣬴֮ԳһΡƽһ˫üᣬ˼
ջķᣬ֪һЩڳԺòϢȣ³ҲǾ³ĵѡΣҲȥӦԼ޹ء
£ǵӳεӣһҪ
ΣҪ뷽跨һ·ȥȻǱڴ˱ʧȥ塣
һҪѰĹϼѡ
һģȷҪһ£λ̫ϳ֮ˡδλϣȻ˵λȣͬΪɵ̫ϳϣǱ˴˵ΪӦ
ͲСȴֻĲΪľ˵֪·ãȴޣȴ޵һлΪޣӻɣάɽĵλ
λˣԪ۵ԪʦѡͬһĻ֮£ص׼䣬Ϊһ
ֻһǵǣԼݱ¶̫ϳϣһߵĴ𣿻һŵݵߣ
ԼһǵвҪκաʶԺУ
һ֣һ򡣱ǺĴʯ
ɴɹĿģѰʯԱʯֻ˶Ŀ㣬ÿδɹʯ̫ϳΪɽʯȥĹز١
̫ϳͣΪȴһ㣬ǶʯҲ̫ࡣһ룬괫֣Լв֮Ҳ
Ĺ⾰ݣһü֮С֪λ̫ϳϵĴڣεѹľṦ֮ߣզ࣬书ӦǴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز˲Ҳ̫ɡ
δѣΣңԼΪΪպõ׼
һɽϼµоű䣬ϸĦ
оű䣬˼壬ǾֲһһݣϸԱľɵṦߺƣȴͬ
˵ľɵṦ̥оű䣬ȴоűӵĸΪΣ
һþó˼ͷȻһ
ʯ̵оű䣬еŵϰ䲽ϸױѧȴʧɣǳȴʧоűľ衣ľʩչĲоű䣬ʯϵģȴǼ˵һṦ˹Ȼڵϰ䲽еҲ
һľɵṦϸоűеĲ㡣ÿһУÿһʽÿһ仯һһݴĦʶУҲһСˣ棬ƮƮһϰоű䡣ģС˵αľʩչṦʱƮݣȴӵ鶯졣
Ŀһ¶Ц⡣ʶǿĺôܶ࣬ʶһ鳢ԣһϰʤΪ°빦
ʩչ裬Ѹ磬ɣṦɱ⡣оűУǧĲѴ׼ļ¡
߽ʩչоűĪĹ졣оűҲɷ鶯֮
ջһ⡣
ֻǣ̫ϳأһϵϲɫʡ

ʦܡϤĴɤԺ
һ죬ӡݿ䣬´ǡһԻվŴԶ¡
Զ΢Цһͷʾ⡣
ʦֺã¼һɫһ죬ȴĿЦ⡣
ǺǣλʦֺãʦҲãֻǴ˴ңλһˣתãǺЦ
ػһĿеʦˣֻ˳ϰϰΪأϾ˵ȥϰ裬ҵзĲ£ոЩʦֲźã
ԣһͷһȡ̶ʱյദȻԼѡȥϰδˣлв⣬Ҳû˴˵١벻ԭ˼ǹ
֮ƽ֮ȴ顣
һЦˣ΢΢ͷ˵λǣˣһްģ԰գһתǣ˵λԸԸһͬȥɽأ
ֵܣҵȻ⣡üЦЦ
ԶҲ΢ЦҲ
ŶǴ˴ȱӣʦֿɷһأһЦԶҲӦҡͷЦ
Ƥִ´кһ뽯ˣʮƥɽȥ


60 
رɽڵһƬġ
״
¸ӣŽż⣬ڲݴз衣ʱߢҰ΢΢һϲõľ̶̾ˮյɽȣ
Ĵʳһ뽯ˣѰһʯ¡
ǰɽ˶ɫ˾á
ʦܴҵǰ˭ֻ뵽ɽԶɽ壬̶ôԶĿ¸п
ǺǣʵλվˣԻ֪ģһĿȺ壬Ц
ʦܣǰ½ִģʵһ㽫ȥϰ˵һ¡
ҲߣһҰأ԰Ū۽ǲʱƳһ
ԺСܲȥϰǣʦ뵣ǣһ治ȥϰˡǾ½Ҳ磬ʧȥ¡
ȥ㲻ȥҵҲʦҪϰ䣬ѧǡһظ˶似أӲ¶ı¡
һǶЩ˵ĳϡ
лʦˣСҲǼϰǰʯ֪λʦʦõУȭ뽣أһʵ
Ҳ룬ֱӴ˵ȭ뽣ŹڽȴպġҵȼҴѧǲ֮ᲢۡԶҲͬ
һһˣЦλѣ⼸ձŲǱϰˡ
ȻҵȿϰյĹҲʩչڹʦ˽Ķأ¶⡣
ȴɫһ죬ڹʦҲ˵ˣҵҪ죬๦У
Զȴһ˵ĪʦҪѧȭ뽣
ΪֽΣȻԾԾԡ
һЦţĬĬһۣȻͷǾʦˡ
ɽҰµƽ̹ϰĺڡ
߿˼ƣȭ
ȭŻ磬Ųɣȭơ
Զ¼״Ŀ¶֮⡣⽯صȭӦѧĲ
һȴǰҡͷʩչȭʯ¼һ£Ҳһ¡
ת·ȭ꣬治ɫһЦʦܣѧἸˣҪΪһأ
һԽعЦлʦˣСۣǲ˶ٵģ硭СҲѧŴһ飬ʦʦÿΣ
á
һ߳ˣȻһЦּ̧䣬ɫһȭһʽŵʩչ
ȭʩչУһֽǲʽУͬʽģŶϷ顢л䡢ʽȭ꣬ɴ۾
λʦ֣ʦãΪβ˵˵ķӦԤ֮Уһ˼ƣʵ
ҡͷ˼ԣԶҲüͷ
ºÿ۾һˮտտͲסʦȭһȭȴ뽯ʦʩչȭͬСûֳѧԵʣδ·ȭȻͣһǳɡʽνȻǧɵáʦ뽯ʦֵȭǣ⡭δ˵꣬ãȻ
ĪʦܻһȭغɲֹһĲ֮ɫ
һԶҲͬ飬ֻƾ˲²ȥ˵ˡΪ֮ȥ
λϹˣһʩչȭϰǰʯϡʦֵȭҲûһԸĶȭֻ˶ѡһ˰Ц
ԴʵΪʦܸĶȭʩչˮ㣬ΪֵȭԵøأ
ϰ䣬۹ȷʵġȻһˡ
Ϊиߵ֮أһʵ
͵ȵ书࣬ߵȵ书١ؿ϶˵
һͷʦԼǡȡ侫ɣͼ书Ҳ̥ǣ˹Ŀ࿴ġ
̸ףǾ֣ʦ˭ܿ޸֮Īǣʦ㡭Ͱţָһ
һæֵҰҿɲʲôֻʦġֻǣȭ޸Ķѡ
һ˵üͷ壬̧ۿˣɫ˵ǻСڴ˰λѻΪãȻǴȥˡ
һ§һͷЦҼ˽ãʦܰıǡֻǣʦܿɲܲ˽ȭһΣ
Զ¶ҲɫȻһʦΪ죬˲֮ҲǸºֵͣý֮ˡοһŵ޸ȭ˵ȥֻƾһЦϰˡϰûȭǽ¡
ʦ޸ȭģ˲¶״֮ˣȥٸʵסΪ˻£зųڣ̲
һ̬ʽҲٻֽȭʩչһ飬˽ֽȭУԼֵ޸֮ϸΪĽ˵
˱޽٣ǳϰ֮ˣȭǳˣܿһȭ˵ǸĶġȭ
ȭ·ȭֱʹ죡һȭģûת۳ͽܣȴǳùЦ
ȭԺǰв֮ʱʹѱ澿Ҳ޷ԶҲ¶ЦݣȴĶ˵һ䡣ҲΪȻ
ʦ֣ҪСһ齣𣿡ºϼԽɽգӳɻԡе֦۵ڴ
һЦҡҡͷӹеֽ֦ʹһ顣Ľ⣬֦衣⣬ȴǽ࣬иɻ
˶ԾϤһʩչĽղ꣬ϸ΢𡣶Щ΢ɲĲ֮ͬ׽ס
һýһԪʮ꣬ҡԪʶгɣԽǳ֪סС覴ãֲƺʩչǲͬ졣
˱̽һûɽѧֽ¥νջ࣬˸пѡ
һ˲ָ㣬Ƽ򵥣ȴʮֵĲס˼Ҵѧϰ䣬֪ɸͷһߣ˵ףȴѱȵ졣һϾȫҲѵѧ΢ĩ
Ҳһ⣬Ĵرѡ
ʦܣأҵˡ˼˽ɫһ˵
ʲôǸĶ˼н𣡽ʦֺα̬һ˵
ԶΪ⣬Цʦ֪ܲп
¶ˣɫӹһ˿ءԭ˸Ϊھʦϰ䣬Сɺ󣬻Ҫȥ֧鹡
ԶɣĸãָԶѧгɺ󣬻ȥҵĵӡԺЩµ·ȴûʲôͬ
˼Ҵѧǳֻпھ־ټϰøһЩ书ҲѪȽУΪΪˣһ·ѡ
ŮѺţУһݲִܸšŲû˿ԻͷĲۡ·ֻһ
Զ˵꣬һҲĬȻ
£ɽⰻȻеĲƺϣɢ䡣
ʦ֣㣡
һǰһ˫аСһػڣġϵС̽ϣ㣬ݵķҷ͸ɽҰ£飡
Ŀ˸ЦӯӯһĿײɲǣǺڡ
µİߣһϰΪֽӹڣ̾ʦɣҰҲɱ֯˵ĺÿ
һĿޣϲ֮Խ¶Цӯӯ
شȤӢۣʦ֡ʦãΪֵĻأЦţȥ
δü̬һʾ⡣


61 ľ
ˡһʾ
ôĶأ¹
ԶҲǴɽȣĿһָȿڡ

һָĿԶȻһԹȿڶ
ű˴˵֪ضһ޵ʦǹģ
ĿԶ̫Ѱɣһں˵ţ򸽽ȥڡһʳݵ£
ԶһˣһĹǰ
ˣǰȹľȹʦ㡣Ӹں档
˼֮æǰһ񣺡ľС㣡ʦ㣡
ľʦ죬ھ־ټŵӣԼߵͷʾ⡣
һλʮˡͩɫֱǷڣһ˫۾֮ģһһӡһƤϸü۴ЦһɫڣưԶʮͷ͡
֮˼ǼŵڴΪ⡣ֻƤߣɫв졣
ľĿԲǿʲôĶ漴Ŀ£ǺЦšת˲뵽ʲôһһ
˳ľ۹⿴ȥһִŲԹԸ档״ֵȴҲȤ
ǸʲôԣһҹľתϽȵ
һͿľ£ƥҪȥ
ľеѲǶ㿪Ϊ
˭֪Ļˣüͷ΢壬̧ͷŶԷ˵ľ֪һкηԸ
ľŹ֣һָһ˵Ļҡ
ԣһɫ졣״һۣ䰵ʾ⡣
һ֪һãȻĿľĻڣʵΪΣ
СӣʦҪ㶫̧أҶԣִأϵӣϸĿһ
Уһͫ΢Դ˲ᣬֻǶľ
ľʾҦʦסԼ飡˵꣬ü΢¶˵أ
ľȻһĻڣ˵֮ȡ֮еȻľҪ⻨ڣΣ
ľԣͻȻһ䣬һӣžһ죬һĻڳ˸顣
ŭľϰ°ͣߣС޵ǿȡɣСϡ㶫ɣ
һվĻڣѳм׷һء
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ʦü΢壬ҡͷͩɫȴĲںһԵİ׾ӵЦЦڵҦʦͲסӣһһǰʦգα̭һļʶΪѵһСӡ
˵ţ趯ޣͷһͩɫҪǲʦСȰοľ׼״Ҳ졣ĿɿڴûŵӣҪִˡ
һ˫֣
ľһݼѽߣصĻм
ľΪҪ˶ԴԼ
Юŷ͵ͷһȻֻĿѪէȴѸָ峺
žһһɫ޺¡һ֮ϡ
һͣϵҦʦҲɫһûϵŵִ֣㲻Ӳôһޡ
һޱ飬бһϵҦʦ֣ľľ£ҵȱˣ
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СӣٳһޡҦʦŭʤޡ
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һ۽̧һ۶ʦ֣ҡͷң
ʦüͷ壬ִһһͳһСƿ˼һ£򽯷ء
ҩΪ顣ʦǻӻ֣ˣȻȥɣ
˹ǣһǲͷǰȥ
˽ԶľһСػͷϼһ򣬵Ϊβ㣿
һͣ½Ųϵı޺˴ĿġԶУ۽ǹ黹δȥŽأɫ׽ɤЩɬ˵ΪҪ㣿
صŴ۾ڽ᲻¼Ҳıӳ򰡣˵紮顣
һ̾˿뷨ǲܶ˵
ľ裬ͼʢǡֹ֮飬֮⣬ԼҲǿʵڲмһŮһʶ˵̳˲̣ܳ˲¡Ҧĵӣƽ;ǸԼˡʱԼһ磬עԼգЩҲǵԼ
Ҧ޹ʳԼʱôһ㣬һҲ޷ܡɣȥ̫ϳԼмɵ⣬ĻûУ˵⼸ŵˡ
һɲһֽѵˣ°ɽ췭ظҲϧֻΪƽϢŭ
ƽϢŭ֮أԼеĴ㶼գһҪôأ˼ת֮£ؼʱ̣һǻָѣѹס˲ŭαӳ¡ûһֿ
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ʱʹҲһ־ɣʹǱǿ͵ģܰ
һԶ¶һĨڽЦ˺㾴֮ɱ˺ɱ֮ȡ֮ҦʦҲɣ
һﲻ̫ףҡҡͷҩƿ˵ʦܣҩΪϰɣ
ǰҪġҲǸ
һ֣һֱЩɫת˵õģһͺˣ
ôأ޺ۡɤָָһգ
ԶæȥֻһոջϺ¡Ǻ˵ı޺ۣѱɵһۼǲʱ裬ӵһķ۲ʡ
һҲȥǵ֪ת岻ͬˣԼת޺۱ϴ롣⻹˾򣬱ѰҲֺ޺Ҳʲô
ԼǲԸУ˭˵Լأ
СʱѧһЩҹƤ볣˲ͬʦʦòΪ˾ȵġ
һΪڰ֣ɫ˵˴羰ɣ
˶һۣôȰοһûתۼ䣬ձ޺۽Ҳָ˳̬
ŵѧίȫǴȥġһͨ˸֮ͬ࣬ҲΪ˿

ľһСܣ̶ߣСͻǾš֪Ϊμһһŵӣܰڳϳɵ˵ǲһзϡ£˭ԼǺɫģǳǼԼҲ۰мӣ˵Щ֮͵ŵˡһŵӣǸģΪΡΪΡ
ľҡҡͷһҲûԼΰԼΪʲô˳嶯أ
ǺľȦһȣе˴δйί
Ǹһᡣԣ񿴵Լʱͬһƥʲôһģһָ߸ϵ⣬һƵĵȻԣĿأһӣδԼأ
ľݺݻӶеޣǸСһӡǰɻζһ޺ۡǵϺ˵ĿǱ޺µ˵䵭˫۾ͬѵǳԶļ£Ҳ˲ɴ
̶ˮ뵣ЮʪŷҡˮĻաģ˿˿ɬΪĮ񣬻Ϊһصķݼأ

ʦãأʦǰ§ľСİοš
ʦҲ˹Цˬʡ
ʦ޹أ
ľɿ۽ǣµģ˵˼أ޹أ
˭СʦҳҦʦִ߹
ʦüͷһ壬˵ҦʦܱˡҲǵģͬɵӣҲûִ磡
ҦʦڨЦһΪıӡ
ҦʦҲΪСʦúأһŵӣʶ̧٣ѵһҲӦġֻҦʦûصģǺǣǸӣǺЦǰԲ
ʦ㲻֪ˡС̭ҶκΣҦʦֹظ⡣
ʦּ״ҡͷЦҦƼ룬СҲɶһǳǿһڿЦӷǲҶ㣬ǹⲻ㡣СӵǸӲͷŵݬ룬ҲһŶۡ
ľԣĿ״
ʦһеģٺ٣СӦǻƼˣЦݵڷš
ҦʦӦǶʦֿеҦӣʶΪȻ
ʦ书ǿΪ˺ˬʦֵ̢һŵӣʵڲʲôֻҪСʦá


62 
ůɹųԺݶ⣬һƬůС
ˣбڲݶϣз۾ֵֻ̣ͬʱʱһʾʡ
ӹãȤŶ׺ߺš
ÿճԺ˯˯˱ԣҪôȤ֪㣡Ųӣֹһ
ߣˣҲûȤ򶡶׵ıԹܲһ䡣
ҲۣһƲǻ˵һ⣬ϣﾡð
ˡ򶡲޵ĺһ
ȴܾŰױѽ׸пޱȣ΢΢һ۷죬ӭĿ⡣УǰââҫӲӣһƬ̻Ի֮С˳ԡţ
͡˰ɡĲ䲻͵ģһԣһζ
Цĺܳв۾ϸߣظֹ
׺𣬵ӡС۾ͦԲģֻֽգ˼¡⻹Ǵ۵ġ
ˣʵ˲ãϰɸ书ƾɱ֮ţ˳ᢾʤǧ֮ǣЦΪ˾Ҳ
ΪɤŸ߿ȻȻ𾴡ûһǳ鶯ţ֪μأڳЦԼ죬֮أԼĺ׳û¡
úãȨ׶ˣˣ㣬ϵҲûܻ򶡡С۾¶һ˿ڴ
򶡷Ӧٶۣбһֻۣһæϣߺߵֵѧ뱾ǺõģĽúܡ
۾һæҸղŵĻأ
򶡲æֹһ䣺
ָ򶡣ָźҧгݰ죬̾һ˲簡صڲݶϡ
ҵ뺢ˡףš
ÿջؼҿ£ֶӵҲòС˰ɣ˵
Ұ˵ҼСӹս꣬ˡǺǣϴλؼңСܣﶼܲסأ
ǹЦ⣬ζӡ
λҲóɸˣڷȱ²ټҵˡҵڲãȥ棬˸߿һ۵ġ
вδƽһ֣ߺߵ־δ꣬ԼΪߣ
˵ףһȥأٺ٣Ҳ¶˾΢۾ǰôϤСӹóʵͷ
´ϰҲ֮꣬ȴҲŲʣ˼תõ죬ҲҪɼңɵð̾
檳Ⱥļڶأһ࣬һٵģΪԼ²еԼҪ׳ɼңöԲƵģѵõС
ƽʱżھܱ㡣
ݺݵһۣС۾һתٺЦ˵ϵܣҪǻȥȢϱŪ²ƤӦ
ŶһؾòԣæǿǺã
ҲЦţȴظ˵ϵܱżǻΪƽڿЩʱΪҡк֣Ƥ˵˵Сһ׮
Դ벻ƤִΪҪ˵ġ˰æǲġ
ȴʲô˵ʦܣǵĻҲ࣬Ƥִ²Ϊѵİɣ
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ҲͻȻ뵽һ˵ʦÿ쵹ڿ찡һȥҲûˡ
򶡶֮Ķ챻ϣôһ˵ɵԺŴȥ

죬δӰأһʮĻʩȻ˽굶üĿ㣬ԵʧͦΣ˷Ʈݡ
ˣЦλʦֺðѽ
ʦܣ㣬㵽ˣĪΪֵȵĽҵϬأ
²ݶ⣬ϲɫӭȥҲǺЦţһվ
һ׿ڲֺã֮࣬ҲеС
Ҳ˽Žƥ׵ȥֻȥ֮ʱһգҡͷ
Ϻı޺ۣȻ˶̵ʱڣʧӰ١һҹҲ߯˷˼ˡ
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ʦôˣİɣڵķ羰ǲѷЦ˵
һתЦŵͷ˵ھɫʵǸĺڣԺһͬǰȥ
ҡҡͷصݶϣ˵ٺõķ羰ʮҲˡʦϲȥǡҲǵͷͬ
⵹ҲǣСҲ巳һأһһᵹڲݶϡ
ôɹɹ̫Ҳõġ˵
һһʣ˵ɹ̫Ҳʱ򰡣
ٺ٣ǾΣǰģųͷ֮£Цš
׼µЦң׻أ
Цһȴ˼˵Ҳûʲôã˭ϲأ־򲻾ͬξһ㣬Զִ𣿡
͵һ§סһС۾֪̾ʦҲʦܣ֪
һæƿףд㵣˰ɣ
ʦܰ׻Ųûʦָ㣬ϰø书ֻգû֮УҲг֮־Ҳи顪
˽ʥأµһɣĪʦֻ֪㣿һʡ
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ʦĵģҲûգΣԴ̵顣
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ҲţʦαȵҵŤͷһ
Ц򶡣˵ϵܣ˰ɣʦܱĲС
˶죬һ΢Ц
ҡͷ۾ţһĵһԴ룬ݶԵĴ󳵡
ڱЦͣ˳ԹһĿͷǡû£Ȼǲ򶡡
뿴򶡳޷Ѱӡ
һȻ˼ΣҲζ˺֡
һܵԯǰ˫濪˿ĭ˫۱ųԯ˫³ƺһ𡪡
˫ء
áʱ⣬Ϣ󣬲š䡱һ´󳵡һڳЦǺһǰ˵Σʦܿɿۣ
һ̾˴²ٽأʦĺС
򶡸ǵЦȴһָ˵ʦҲԣ
˰ɣСܷ˻𣿡һæЦȴԴŴƣֱ˵ǿɲɣҵ֪ˣһ֪أ
һЦһתָֿ˳ͷԲʹ˱ܹ˭֪˼ЦŶ㵽һԡףԼҲ˸ƽȥˡ򶡻մ˱˵ģһԱմմϲ
ʦ֣Сܿɲȥᶯ󳵡һ˵
򶡵ͷúĿ˵ԱߵǸҪЩ;Ǹɣ
һŪһƢûУ´ԺڶˮʯһĶ֪׶˵СȦףȻҲȥŪ󳵡
Σһ˵վʦҶֺСʦ֡Σ
һ˵ıԵķӣһۣǲš
һˣɻδ˴ţĵزɣôأҲмٽʯڵҲܻζġ
ȴЩķԽǼ򵥣ԽǺõġһӣǺֵӲʦܷıǣҲŪġ˵ţһ


63 
һԭվ緽˵ʱһɡ
ʦ׼ˣһǰһ¡
һһͷʾԼվˡ
򶡲֪Ϊֱһͷϻֻʦôһ򣬱ԼӮˡ
˭֪ƻδһļͷ򶡱ǰһ󱻶Է߬סæһ£ȴͬáɡ
򶡾ЩͷһҲ󰡣߬Լ󻹲߬أô͸һ㣿
вֲȥһơ˭֪ͬδ⣬ҲԷһָֻ߬ס
ɫǵͨ졣
һͷԼЩⵥʯͬ˫֣Ҳͭһ̣סԼ
򶡵ľƢӵɵԲ
һͷֱð첲ϼŤֹƬ̵Ĺ򣬺ˮܾûһ˿ѵļ
۽ǳ鴤ſŶˡ
һɫɣǹЦ˫򶡵󣬶ԭ˿
Ťݵ鼫们ȴúһ˿ҲЦ򶡾Ϸ˿ģһȴϷӵĺˡ
书ƽвһҲûɶ˲Ϊܡʮ书֣űȱȽǡ̸Цס򶡣ͬ۸ƿС㣬Ҫ
оĪʱ򶡣ԼҪǱĿǰһãװң
ʦ֣ˡһʵڲŪѡԷ̧ͷһɡ
˭򶡲¡⡱ˡżԽסŲȴ˵Խ졣
һ״һӰΣ˫һץס˫ۣº˵ʦվˡ
žԶվӡһѾɿֱۣ΢Ц
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ǺǣʦֵҲСġһǺһЦ
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Ƥˣ𣿡һȴԽˣԺŴЦתͷһƤִ˹
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ÿÿ¶ӣһҪãҲԤ֧ˡ
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Ƥִֶһ˵ɽиСУɹЩճ裬ҲģϾȥ

վɽһҹɫ£ĳԺУ⶯죬ҲȤȻ
һڴϣ۾ÿйھ棬˯߱пͳƤִ¸ӣϡһŵӣǮȴһĻƿɱȵġӣ㹻˼µճڵѾǸʦʱǰľȡϿ֮ѵղԲȣҲе
ǲʳ˼̻Ԫ˵Ϊٹ֮󣬲˵ķ緶ɣ
Գأ֮˸Ĳͬ׵ǮԼ˵ô󡣿ҲûУеӣ˵ɶʱء
һؿڣԼǬƵĹڲϡǺ˵Ǭǹ䣬ʹҲ㡣ԼУǬǲЩ
һϳһСǮɶԬһЩɢӣԭʣµġ
һǮһץǮˮϣɱǸˮʱջ񡣵ʱǬ㽫֮Ժ
תǮĶϣһЩɢӡָһ㣬ǮƮȼһŻ棬ٿһ㻯ɻҲˡЩСãȴҲ졣
һȴüͷһִӸղ㵹Уȡһϸꡣ
һҷתĶ
һƬףСƬƾɣԵȱ٣ʵӨУż˿ơԵüƬܾԶ
һк棬żƬĦţа͹֮СƬǰĿֻӨ׵Ĺ֮ϣ͹ּģԷֱ档
⾿ʲôһĥʶסף͸
ûʲôΣֻԼмʮֱڼƬ֮ϣӦĥԵʣԵǳһ̵ڡʶУּϡɱ档
ּȱһֻҷԱȣŽʮźˣȻ϶ǰǹЩֳɾ䣬ǿھԴճģȱʧȫˡ
һɴ۾ʲô书ŻʲôˮղǮӦǷ䱦ģҲһЯ
һת飬ˣǵ˵ǹ֣һ˲ϵõģѵˮлãȴѱ澿̶ֲǮģ
ϵġʲô˼ֻͨĹ
һеģƬٹһַ֣ʲôæж
ùһ϶־ǿھϾĹУһϤıǸֿھ书УйϢ֮֮ˣ붨֮е̥Ϣ֮⡶ĿھǺأ
˼һö⡣ھֻ䣬ҴĦԡ˼ǧתСضҲûɶ
һڤ˼״һʱУ촽䶯пھ
δһ˼ʶ壬鿴
һĹâӯͣšھϵĹâޡ
һĿ¶ϲɫֳϸϸھĺ塣Ƭ̺ٴھֻĹâһ㵭ȥֱʧӰ١
һҲ಻סϲãһȻ⡶Լ²һ㡣һ֣뵽˽еĹϢ֮䲻֪䷨أȴҲʦϢ书ǿ֮һϢ֮ЧϢƳģʹ̡˷ǿɣҲ٣ǿϢֵܵ̽顣
ʴˣһжھھȫķУܵĿھ֮ǲ룬ֻԡ
һһھʱʶӣϵĹâб仯ϲ֮࣬ҲеھȫźٴγԺھʱۡھ߶Ҳʶ֫ٺ˿˿£㼯֮С
һʶӣټϵϢȫһ㡣
һɫ¶Цݡ䲻֪Ժηк档ȴԼƴ˴պ󣬳ķ
˷е˼ϢϢ˿ãһáѱĶġ֮
֮ǰ˼Լɵ̫ϳʶݣʯء
ʦ˵˷أط죬취ȻǺǣƴյķ㲻Ȼأ
֮ϲһԵá
޵Ҳһּįһ˷ļįջϲãõĻرʱһҲ̻¶һ޾һ
̫ⷨƴնԺС


64 
һգһڳԺûгšɹ̫˵ЦȤ䣬һ˲ϳơ
֪Уһɣѹȥ˰¡
һգһͬƽһ㣬˸磬Ϊ˲ϣˮмˮæͷ飬㱻Ժš
Ϊξһˣһ߱ʡֵ˿߶һӰġ
С۾һգͣм˵㻹֪һҪǮãһҪǮȢϱأѣǣҰ
˱߱˵ɽšһţ·ɽŶϴһС
в󣬳ȴҲջȫйĴɵĵӣŻ߾ӶࡣżҲŵӼ䣬һưȺ㡣
ɽڵӵļ˾۾ӶɡСȴҲӦоеġױ˫֣ٲȻ˼ҵģ˴״һ׺棬۾´ͣ
ᳵ·׾ֱѰ̡Щ⸬ĳʳһ§ڻҡͷϧû¹⸬ͷòغˣȻһŵˣת۾ûˡ
û׻гʳȺá
ӸʮֵĿɿأһ˼ţ׾ʾ⣬æƴǡ
зݵģһ鳢鲻
һΣֻȡһƬڿУ׽£ζ˭֪׾һѶ˹
һ˵ʦ֣л˰㹻ˡ
һĲϲʳײٿ˼Ҳ̣Ѱ˸ӣû˺裬ЪϢ
һ´ܡڴ˵Ṇ̀ҲǸӡĴڵĲ©ӣžľֻԼˡ
һ¯ſڣһֻˮڡꡱðһɢż롣ƹֻһˣǸʮĺӣĲߣȴԵúܶʵ
׶룬СһڣԻ˵ԭǸͷȥˣ
˵һ۹Ҳɨ˻ơ
ɫвͷ˵ԭ͹Ǵ˴أֲûҴ󲮡˴Ҵ󲮵ӣżз纮ڼЪءֻһˣ˰տա
ֳ˿ĵͷԭˣǺǣ
ƺǺЦ۹ƳһԷĿ⡣ͷһǫһЦתȥʰ롣
һŻƵıӰ죬üͷһ壬豭
ǰһӰ̧ͷһߣȴǰкֵͷæĻơ
˽ͣƳһ׶ˣĿ¶Թ֮ɫͷߡ
Ʒʳأûһͷ״ҲûвĶ
ˣȻȥ¥ŪЩƲ˽׸һˮ鰻Ȼ
һ濴ףʵǲȥԷƤк𣿡
ҡҡͷΪ˵ãǰȥɡֳһٺЦǺ򶡶ˣ֪ڴ˳Ծƣǲ
ֺһˮͣСתȦţƲҲˣԼǮ࣬ʦܲķȴɶҲǸ󷽵
뵽˴ײɵȻ˵أԵҲصˣ´λһɣ
һ΢ЦŲÿɷڴʱ߽һˣͬʱ̧ͷȥ
ղ·˴û⣬˭ʦء²ˡ˻Ǿʧģ
һվʵýʦ˾ţ
˾ǽƣɫ̻̣йǡǰѹе˵մ磬ʦ棬ȥж;δʦòСģҧˣת˲㵹ڵϡ⣬ִδѽôأ
ƴ˫֣ģ
üһһŽƣ˼˵ϵѲɽӵģʦֿǰȥæ
أ´±أⲻʦʦõδǺðʦܿзӣµ鲻áļǰ㣬Ҳɫеİš
һƬ̣ͷ˵Сȥ̣ʦȥʦãͷҴȥѰɣ˿ɺã
żæҡ˵ɰʦڵĵطƫƧѰҡʦʱѰطɾ鷳ˡȴʦȥʦô
Ǿʦԡһδ䣬Ŀ¶ϲɫæ²˳٣ʦȥλʦҲһɣ
С۾գһ£źĵͷ
˭֪һֹˣһȥɡʦڴԴƬ̾ͻء߰ɽʦ֣˵׵ͷʾ⣬̧ȥ
¶ãȻ֪ʦΪβԼȥֻ֣Ų
۽ǳ鴤£ɫΡ
һ߳ʱĿɨ̵ĻƣͷҲصʦֻǰ·
æӦ˳
ǰ治ԶһĹ͵ˡնҰɺʦˣƱ߱߱Թš
Ϊβʦûתɽأڣʱ
һ²ƽںѽơ
æң¶Ρͣ۹һ˵ʦԼǣɡŮܲ׵ģʦû˯ѣҲҰᶯΨֶʦò
һޱ飬˵ʦֵҲǸ֮ˡ
˵䣬뿪Уǰ߳·
ģɽ·ޣʯӲܲ
һ·Ż˵ʦ֣ʦþںδ
Ƶǽһ٣ͷЦ˵㵽ˣɽڱˣ㰡˵ųһƵƵ֣Ȳ㣬ͷǰһɽڡ
һԽСɽڡ
ʯֻУһСƬյءͦվţüĿβסĵ⡣
һ߹ЦСӣ˴Σ
Խ䣬һûϣͷ˵˴Ƨƭ˺⣿
Сͦʶģǿƭ㡣˹ɣ˵ӻһأǹЦ
ŶǱ˵գĳǶ㲻ȥˣһҲ
־ⲽá
һУҲܵھ־ټ뱾һɣǱ˼ɣͽѵˡǲҲˡƵѽһЦ
һĬĬĵͷεĿŽƣ˵˴ɲ֮ңѵʦֲŹʦˣҲ˿ģĪǽʦ˼ɣ
ĿɭЦӣұɱˣ˭ֻһӵȥأǸʦ֣ҲŹġУ˵˼һҵĻأǻȥһĻأ
һĮȻŽƣãŻڵΪҪ˶أ֮Ĳˣ
ɫ鲻ŵ˵ζ㣬ֻ֪ùҿ˳ۣСˡءҲѣɡ˵ţӻͳһҩ衣
һü˵ʲô
ƵǻէϲէǣҲ׽ЦǸöأԻʧĵºԹӵĻȥɱӣҲԹġ¸£ϧⶫ󰡣Сиඣ
һĿһȵ
һĳ𣬽ƲΪ⡣͵ĳһ̽ݺݵ˵Сӣ·һ˵ҩһ㡣
һ۽΢ɹмһ۽ơͷ˵λɡ


65 
һδ䣬СಡܳӰ
ƶԴȴ⣬ǾĶһïܵвˣô֪ģ
ܳĸ֮ˣֳֵסյĽǣһΧڵ䡣
ߣͬı£ȾǺˣһվ˫üɫȻ
Ϊ׵ˣ˽ĵһ˵벻ܲҵȴڣ⣡
黹ܶ࣡Ŀɨˣĺڲڵһʶ
ˡǺǡЦǰԴЩ˼һۣɵ˵µķʰ㻹ҵȳС
λ簡ϾͰƽСˣƾʩ񣬴ǫЦݡ
ĿעӶԷһɫ˵˵ȵԼıҵĿģһ֮
ĸ̶͡ЦƿһҲ̿סֱ죬ֻ͵͵Ǹͷˣ¶η顣
СӣȤҲСǹԹԵĽҩˣԺٲĺôġȻ˴֮Ϊ׵ˣдβסļ
ԩ޳ҲΪָһ·Ҳϲǿˣϲǿơա
һһ٣̱Ȼ۱ƵͷϣǾͱ飡
԰գоâһһһֱ̲״֮Ȼ
ƣɲǼеϢһϣͷ¶׹뻢Ѩ̶սȫ
ǿҵΣΨһͷӵԶԶġ
ĪĸΪ׵ţɫһƣһеĵȻһĲ
ɱ꣬ʲôòˡɱͷս԰
Ϭͬʱ˹Ӷеı
һסһ·ֻˣն֮
һһ˫ȣ۶ԷδŲѵе
һѳһϴܣƣһȾѪʡ
Ĭֺǰ˲һ·
˼ţҲ㲻һ
һԵĽưͣ˵书ǿҲвͷȥһ̣һ촦
ͬʱ֣Ѹ쳣һУпȺ֮֡
˵ĵ濰ĲʺһһĿ׶۵ʶâݺݴԷ
Ϊ׵ֻеС䡱һ죬类СĿ˲ɢӼ̽סĵһֽӹֻȥ
һѪ
ֽһˣ⧲֮£ֻоԼ߸߷𡭡Ǿͷ˵ϤֻǣȻ׹ʱһƬããҹɫ˲Ϣ١
ƾֵĴһŵɫӵж̽תӡ
µۿ֣ߵĶȴһӰ֪䣬һѩĵ⻤סˡ
ʱ˲żͬԴѷɵ˰գµİأվѪ粻ֹΪ׵ȴʧǰ㣬ɵŶҲ
еμתֱ£öľϾ룬šת߸Ծ𣬾ȥ
ߣߣˡ
һʹ˶ըױľս
𺧣ٲһͷֽȥ
ֻԸ赲Ƭ̣һϢҲɣֻҪӵ
˾ϵһУߡԽʱΨһı֮
ʲǸЦ꣬ѱӵ˾⡣
ֻһɷڽ
ͷ룬Ļ˼֣˭ջҪˡ
ϧ֮Ա֮ΪĲ׽
һնһ˺󣬼Ҫӣһˡ
ǰܣͱһϵ
ķӭͷĸֵһ˳һȥѸбΡ
һµɲǣһҲһƮһƾհ࣬羪ףһ̣һȥ
˻ĴңһԾ뿪ԭԶͣ٣¼㣬ǰȥ֮ʣȴС¡¡ϮȻ֮ʣȴһĨѸ˺ը졣
׷Լģ˵Ю֮ƣ⻹õĵôࣿԼôء
һѪգݵԼ䣬㡭
һ˶ԷһȻڿУഩ֣ȻһתƾսȼȻһȻӰջ˳С
ͬµĹȣƮУո˼
ƽ·ȴôҲŲ
ͷʱƾܣȶһ£ͷٿʱ˶ˡ
Ҳգ۵Ĺɣˡ
һŨҵѪƮϥһǰ󷢺ڣ֮£Ϣƽ֮ʱſŻ¡
һбƣֱߵǸͷǰ
ɵɵ
һ˫Ŀ΢أסԷ顣
һĿһһ¶˼顣ٴδǰˣԳɣָһжԷüġ
ӦָήٵءԶȴǡͨһ˫۷ף˹ȥ
Ʊ˫ֳŵأ֭¾ˣԻźòվ𣬿ȴһԵĿ־壬סͷ
˭֪͵֮ʱһɱˡ֮µĽƣپȫޣȻŻ˹ȥ
һҲƣѹһȻָһ㣬ǰƾճһŻ棬ըСţϵʬס
תۼ䣬ĸ˻Ϊҽ
ļУеһѳɣҲһµѸֵͬʣһؼûӰֻڵ¼ۣ̤һ˿ۼ
һǰȣ
ϵĽһۣ㣬ȻתԴȴһһԣעԼ
һƨֵڵϣɫƣ亹졣֪ǵ֭¶ˣǱŵõʧĻꡣ촽£֣ɱңɱҡ
˵ҲɱɡһǵȻǾ֡æҲǱƵġ
Ϊ˻ٲҶ룬æͲӣǰһУһһ˵
ԭƿľܼҵݣõھֵľټɡΣסĴҡҫδϱ˽ٳֱˡʧĵ
Щ˵ƾҲֻҪɺ󣬽Լ֪ʵɡ
ʧĵʳҩˣҲȴˣƴӡɺ⼯бǽԷͷĵط
˴ҲΡһŵӣ֪ޡڶԷҲ˹ÿλʹ͡
ڼϼһƱæЩѳһӣȴŵӽӴ֪ڵϢ
ƻ˽𣬵ȻһҪˡʧĵԺԹԼƣ񲻸ĵĶ˱֤ɶƷӡ
Щֵòû뻹Ǳһȷˡ
Ϊ˻֮µĽƣļڿ죬Щ״Ρæ˵꣬ڵϿͷֹֻһ顣飬ֻҪй¶ȥɷŲүҲ
һעӽƣã˵ҿһԺļͣҵ򣬴Ӵ˸ɡءԶ£복ԺڵļˣѡԺвݣұɱ㣡үȲ㣬㱳˾Ȳ㣬ɼǵã
ϲ콵û뵽һĻŹԼԼ鲻Ųʡ
лɱ֮½ǣġͿ˼ͷȲ˫ַϵҩģ͸Žٺľϲ
ŹǰĽƣһҡͷţҩơҲף۳ɢȥ
Ķ̽ûȥˡ
һһ䣬̧űߡ


66 ̫ϳ
ʵɸһ¼ԶСģǸСӣ类Ǹһɶǰֻһͷݷצͻһֻʱޡ˵ֻܾԶ֮
ʦ֣һ㼴ɣ±˲֪𣿡һͷҲص˵
ǣ֡ʦȫͷһæЦɽ»ǲҿ
һҲ̫ˣôĺ书ߵ󡣴һԼһδѰȥϹԼˡʲôɣԺٲ鷳ˣԼˡ
󣬲˼˵ʬף϶ʬˡ˵³ɵüðзɡ
͵͵ڱһıӰĽƣиСġ
ݵԣһᣬȴһת˵ʦ֣СԺкβ֮
֪޲ԣ޲˿̵Ľƣ˼һأȻ֪ԷָӦ
˻صʱ̵Ļ΢һ۹ɨƣϡ
ǰĲһɫһֿЦ˵ʦܰҶˣˮ
һЦû뵽¶ൢһᣬʦ־õˡ
װ˵۵ֻʲôأһĽƣʵ֪֮ˣ
ĿһϼЦݣȴҶԡ
һһܣЦ޷ˣһǻȥɣ
״ǰƣҲ֪ǰ裬ȴ֪Ϊα˹ǫѷԱҲԸ룬㱧ԼĹ⸬һߡ
ɽð緹ⲻȥ׵ʳ˺֣һԴ˺ɽ
͵£һ˫ԺĲݵϡ
ϰ췢飬һɵñ۾
û뵽ɻǷƻ㼯֮ء
һڲУ㷢ǻƲͷǻһΣĿ˸û˵Ķغ봾ӡеʱеһ˿ңҲ۾
ɫǫȴĿʵһµĻƲʴˣһ⡣
ƵһʱǵͷرܣǱ֪һ˼
һֿرܡʱƭһʱ֪թȻ֪ȴסοһˣҲ㡣
ȥѰ£δǴյ֮ʱһʶУѲĸмأȷ˽ҪӺԼ֪
ĸ书ףȴԼĶ֣һȴг㡣ֻھɽɱˣйǡ
ƶԻ֪֮˲ŹԼֻҪ˲ɱˣԼ޲һһ֮ȫɱ򱻼˲ϣԺͱˡ
ɱˣǸΪߣҲһΪ֮ѻ֮Ϊ޳ɺ󣬴δùʩú󣬻ĳΪɥʧǵʬ⡣
⼸һʹáʧĵ˷ŭŭ֣Ҳ֮֮οҲ֪˵һ˲ʩչѻ
ǿʶȥԷʶѰԷеļ䣬һ֪ý˺Ȼŵܡ
˾Ȼǲ׺ˣǰľ˽һǸ书߾ߣǲ׺ĸ졣˻ͬŰѾھɽΧӪ֮á
׺ɽ֮ң˵ıǮɼ˶Ժһ־ڱصá
ɵļıʧܣ׺ı˲ԣڲ֡
⡰ʧĵǴϽĹƶʳ˵ɥʧʩ֮ƴӡ򣬹ƶ壬һغ
˹ƶûнҩһ鿴ϣáѻֻ֪ܹ֮֮ʩ֮˵ָʩ󣬹ƶԽ⡣
ҲǽҪһʳҩԵʡֻǽƶԹƶ֪٣㲻һĵˡ
˵ļУһûеõйƵϢȴţ׺ֻнһߡϲ̵Ļƶ̽ӣ˭ò׺ﻹжٺء
뽭ɵĶԹһ޹ءԼҪ뿪ɡʱ˴ļλѶСıǡ
һûɱƣҲԼ뷨Ʊ˲׺ڼ䣬µԼй¶Ӧڽǣ
ƻ᲻ò׺ԸԼһԴ˺ġ׺ѰԼ𣬼ǽһٴ£׺ıҲɵ֪һ׺ȻǵòʧʶʱԼӦ޴󰭡
οɱ˽ҲûʲôôڼͬУ˼ү޹ʧ٣һʸ֮ˡ

ͬʱ؃彭ϵĶУΧһ
еǰͯյĽϣһλ뷢Ұףɫ媵ˡ˫ĿΪߵǳϡҲһ뷢ҵߣ浶̰ƣᱻ˵˿˱ڵ쳤ϡ
֣ҶǰĪʲô飿쳤ʵ
ǳ϶Ǿġ
Ͽǰλѣɫصĵ˵ͷ㽫ǰľɰݼԼʱĹŹ²⣬˵
ڵ𲨶ҵľ漴ʶ鿴ܣԼеһʶһԿӣȴҲʶҸ̫߳డ
԰գ¶һֵǡҲȻӡ
ϿЦ˵ĪλѲŽĳԣ
쳤üͷҡͷ˵˷˼Ҳ˵̾ڵȣУҲҵȷ·Īôһ֣Ҿɽţû
ǳ΢΢˵ϵԲУɽûʲôֵúģΪߣȻҲмҵжԡ
ԣֻ̾˼˸ȻҲˣ϶ɣ˵Ҳ˷ġɶλŲҵŹ𣿡
ǳԣȻˣҶ˵ȻŵùϵܵġֻǣǺأͬΪߣ֪·ѣһԱ˴Ҳǻ¡
쳤Ҳ˼˵˻Ǻأ
Ȼһɴ˲ߣ̹ˡλҲصһ룬˭˻뿪Ǹطأϲ޿϶˵ǣöҲ򣬲ԴΪȻ
뿪ǸطعҲǱƲѣζΪ֮
Ͻ˵λǰһִ¡˴Ӻδ·ɽרˣǵѣ
쳤ҡͷ˵Щҵȶ֪
ǳϳƬ̣Ż˵ǴǱʿΪϼ߹ҵȣҲ߲ȥⲻȴҲ·ɽǱڸҵȾ䡣ٴ¶棬ҵȻӦʾòǣӦ֮񡣷ɲ
԰ɣǱڴˣɽ⼯õ֮һԸС¡
λӽ؃壬¡˴ʱɽϳ͡λΪɣòһ˼

һɵ̫ϳϣ㹻ľηҲڶһǱڵĸˣԾţ

һÿС˶Ȥ֣ҲƽӳЦ
ˣĻһȥɽ档µЦͬɽȣģҲӵˡ
ӱôһȥҲӭڵһʢ¡ʮһεĵӽգھ³һھС


67 ɽʢ
ԺĲݶϣһ򶡳ƪ
ţʦСεĲˣҲ֪ȥˣ
һ飬ҰҰ죬һŨ̵ԶСвסһȥڴȵȥˡ˭֪δ䣬ԺŴ̽Դ
Ǻǣ缸ˣһ첱˳üɫĳ˻ӻ֡
⸬ˡֱ֡
һۣߵޣԼȥռҵıˡһת̲סĶԺһ˵֪ڴȵ𣿰
Ұһͣۿ죬ҡҡͷ˵롭
Цһָ˵á֪һ˵أתһȵЦʦ˵
һͷЦʦ˵Ļֵϴˡ
С۾Ź⣬мĴ򶡶һۣŪŵӱԣŵҲɹۿ
һѳ׵ڣϲ˵ʲô
ȿȡأһѴ򶡵ơڨڨ֣Цٺ٣ⲻûʦֽ˵
ߣʵඣ׵üĭĽҫŴ̽ĳɹ
ŵӱԣӲ⣬õҲԹ֪ۡΪΣ˴εӴûЩء¶õ˵νϲѶǺҲǰ಻סϲãԹĦŵӵıԣŵ˵ѵõļϰ
˽˸߲ңΩһЦݵʡ
׺ʦܶԴ²Ȥ𣿡
ɴ˴δȲͬգЩ̫װˣһҡͷЦ
أЩҵȿԲĵģȥֱǡĦȭƵļƣ²ݶ⣬ԺشȦתơ
ʲôأĥأ׵Ц
أ䲻ķһ䣬Ǻ׵С۾ֱס
һס
³һ硣
ɽһƬϲĳ档ϹЦݣһЦڶ
һҲţ·ȥ;õӣͬϳһ㡣֣ȴҲܲ˵顣
˵ЦͣںһҲǴŵ΢Цȴƽˮ
ɽ·ߣԶһĵӱһӴţţְʮ㣬һһ鿴ɽӵơ
һƲһۣǸӺüͷ˺󣬵ȴŵӵĲ鿱ݡ
ηƣȷϺǰȥһҲƣǰµӵ˹ȥ
µӸֽӹȴ;䣬Ʊֶȥǰĺˣͷպÿɵһɫģ⵭Įµ
ߣ·嵱˰ɣ֪νŪһƣɫڣģǳһӵǸҦӡһȻϵã̲סԼ
һˣŭȴҲֻ£ֻ˴˹رաδϵûܶȥ
ɫһĿŶԷ
˴ʲô֣ȥɣҦֽˤһ
ƴŷ㳯һ˾㵣֪ʦܺʱŵӵġ
һһҦӣ㲻ֱ̧ۣƻһץȻ
ҦǹŶЦǰСӱϣԹ뿪ǱģȴԷ㣬㽫Уͷ΢㵡ƱԼϰһӿ׽סġ
һƹ䣬鵭һҦӣʩȻת
ǰСӹŹ֣ҦӰ֮£֮ʱȴһתȥˡݺݵһıӰ㬵һ
ΧŵӲҶԣȻҲҲ죬źĿһȥ˭֪һڴʱ𣺡Сֵߣ
̧ȥһݿʣŶӴɽ
Ǵʶôˣ߱ŴʣҲŵӵĴʦ֡
һӭ棬ֻͣ½Ųȴʺϡ
ʦֺã
ʦ֣
΢Ц˻ֹţ崺硣һ״ҲǰޣɵĴʦ֣Ʋס
ҦʦܣΪβλСֵɽأĿ⾼ö
Ҧɫ¶һ˿ΣµӣɽҲǴְˣǺúҪ
ЦͣҡͷҲ˴ŵӴȣһղ˹ۿĳ棬ʵŵºʰ֮⣬ڳ֮飡֮٣ʦ˶ӣĪӱ㲻ɵ𣿡
ʦֽ̻壬СܽģҦʵʵĻһ䣬֮⡣ڶŵӰԽкãɫȻ
ȴתһ˵Сֵѵ治ۿʦֵǵı𣿡԰գһЦɽȥ
һʦֵıӰ³һ£תȥҦӲóź˵ģƳһĿ䡣
˰һΪһеҡ
˹һɽڣһƬɽƺǰһߵľ̨УһʮɴСľ̨󷽣żֻľΡľ̨Χͷܶ²һǧˡһ鼤
˴ǽϼĳ·İɽжξ룬Ĵƽ̹࣬ߴľܣ㼸ǧһҲӵӵ
ľ̨ǰͷܶΧ߼ѡֻȺ档ľ̨ϵһࡣ
һ˼һ𣬶һƬԵʱδ
²˽ͷӶľ̨Χŵӣľ̨ߵģŵӡȺУҲȤš
˴αһգӱԣߣɽΪӡҪһԡΣһҲֻ̫ܸˡ
ͨͨͨȻ𣬾Զзɢ
ɽƺҲΪ֮һ˷̧ܵͷһ˿ȥľ̨һ࣬½һΪλ½üˣŵľȻʿλ³ϣλһλ
ľ̨һһ£ܵĵͲסʼС̾š
Ѧ쳤ϳˡ
סѦľС㳤񣡡
ϻ˼ܲ𣡡
ƹ۵ʿôûأ
ɵϡ졢Ѧλȫ¶ˣѵð

һĿʿǵɨϳϣ֮ǰ༸λ״γǰɵð
ڵλͣ书ȴԺ漸λϸΪһЩѦһ긾ˣݶׯüľмơ벻ľĵţȴڳϡ
Ǵʦʦ֣˶ŵմӣݽڳϡһԴ˶˹۸в̫
̨һȹľɫģ˵ĵԣһҡͷ
̨Լλʩһ񣬶ǰ̨ɨ̨¡
̼䣬̨ѻȸ


68 ǲ
۳룬΢΢ףԳڵ˵˼仰ɤߣһǧˣȴ޷ǴɶԵӵԼɶԵӵĹذ֮顣
ϳǰһƽ͵Ŀףɤȫֱ죬ӱԵĹһһ
Ӳμӱԣжһʮˣʮһ׽Աԡ˴αͬӮζλֱӳ֣бԵĻ᣻Ӯ߽˫ֲߣӮɳϡʮʤߣתΪӣɳǽӲμӱߣһٶʮˣͬߣѡʸ񡭡
µסӶ˽ϳ۾һɣһͬըڳͷը졣ڵŵüڲȻϹۡҲŶ䣬״
һɫ䣬ȴǰͷϳڹף
˴ηղͬе࣡ϳϱƸˡһȴ֪ͬ޵ڶƴɱ֮ʣһбֱӳֵķӿƲпᣬʵʵ顣
ϳ԰գľЯѦԪʦͽ˾ȥ̨λϷܣ̨֮ԡ뼾ľ̨ϡ
ŵӣЩ书һ֮ǰԬ복̫֮߳࣬˶ڵ书أҲЩӿȵģ
ͨתü۾ԲͬڳˣеϿƵ¸أǸɫº͵ݳϣûﵽ־硣
һԶԶ̨ϵıԣȴһɫ΢֮£ܴ

ڼʮһСɽ֮ϣɵλ̫ϳվһĬĬעԶɽƺ
ãǳϵ˫΢׿˿ߵλѣҡҡͷ
̽ɽƺУûзκ쳣ǳ˵
쳤ϵͷ¶ʧ˵ʶɴɿ⣬Ϊҵܼ˲Щ֮УǼ¡ͣһ£Զ˵뿪˾ɽ˴õĻɵʵûɲġ
ǳϳƬ̣ͷ˵ֻҪⲻɱã
λ˶Īðͬһ£ǹڻĲ¡ȴһʱҲԷ٣ֻôȥˡ

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Ԫѵ룬΢΢ǷЦǺǣлʢ飡ֻƶ;ӹɣѶвˣ֮Ѧϳأƶţ
Ѧ󷽣ü۴Ц˵Ǽˣ벻һ֮ˣҲҾɽֲ˼أ
ˣɽɽˮ㣬ƶҲһλԵܲúýŲľź񰮰ѦϵĻڽ֮⣬Ԫȴ治ɫʡ
ѦԪƤֻܰһڡ
ľϸоһ΢΢ף˵Ȼˣ㣡
ԪӲŲæһ񣺡ƶǡ
ľɷ򸾶˼ԪʦͽԶ̧βȥ
ϵʿƤ߯ЩôɲأѦЩޡ
ҪҵʱҵһͬأľĿԶ˵
ѦЩ˵Ī潫İƹ۶˲ɣ
ǵδأľ΢һת׻˵Ϊģ˲ؽ黳Ҫϲˣ˴αչջС
Ѧסľɵֱۣ˲ǰС
ҿзĵҩŽ޵԰գľɣѦѵ¶СŮ״
ľѦϵֱۣºһЦ˵ҩҲֻѣ޲ǸɴӺصĵҩʣ޼ڶ˷쳤λ֣ʵΪ֮Ұ
ѦҲ֪˼ʳҩδؾܳɾһ֡ʶҲΪļеҡ
˴εӳΣҪȥѦϴδɹľɵľɻ̲סʵ
ľɡšһ˵ڣġȥ֪֮أ⣬ΪҲԼĻԵ
Ѧ̾һŮ򸾵ͷ⣬ǲŮȥաɷ˵ҲеľΪ֮Ůµ·Ȼעǲһƽ·
ɺ·ããأƽ𣿡ѦȦһ죬ߵľɡ
ľԶȺ壬
Ѧϸеһľս
ǣΪ뼸λϲҲƽΪɣΪӦȥԣľɵº͵˵̫ϳǰ㣬Ǹã
Ѧ̾ˣҲĻԵءɡ
Ѧ֪ľɵĻеҪʱҲ޹˼ɵȥߴһɼΪޣŮб˷ǣҡ
ǣԼķǣԼıŮǣңҲǶԼҵһֳǻɣ

ӱԵĵڶ죬һҪߡ֮࣬ѰƤִ£Ժֵء
˴ŵӱԣŵѵõĿ۽ĺûᣬ˶Դ˲Ȥġʱ˭Ժأ
Ƥִȴһִֻ֣ܴǸⰲ˼ֺǺǵȥȥˡ
˶ԴҲǲ⣬Ը룬Ȳܿˡ
ѵõ徲һеʡ
ڲݶ֮ϣһԽյľûһڡӱûɶÿģտ˼ԣŵӵ书Ȼû¡
⻹һܺ˵ɣԭ򣬱еһʶɨ
һףһ̫ϳڰ̽飬ԼĪõˡվͻǵ鷳һ룬Ǳλ̫ϳΧסڶӵĿ֮£Լָô죿ֻɣӵõĻ
֮ƴһûûסͷһûУʶǹĽȻģλ̫ϳ϶֣ԼмֻĻ㲻ˡ
ǣӲͷƤֿ˰죬˵ɶҲȥˡ»СΪ
£һüһԺŴȥ
һ۵ľ£ҡ˴ţŵһλǺ̡
һæ²ݶ⣬ǰʩ֪ľкηԸ
ľ±˫֣ܣţ˴һ𣿡
˴͵һˣʦǶȥڴȥˡһ֪ľ⣬ֻܵͷӦ
ľ¼һ鹧ɲǼЦݣ˵ǺǣһɣڳԺɵĲأȻ˴һڣ˲±ȥɣһ㺫ʦַԸɣ


69 
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ľºתһ΢Цʦ׳ȥسͷΣɺã
⺫̴ºͣǺ˵֮ˡ
һҲЦӺʦַԸǣ֪ͬȥʱ̣
һʦһͬǰȥ鷳ʦھϴ󳵣ɽŴ㡣̶һЦЦԹǣƥȥ
ԭˣһͷǡЩڳԺУϤǣƥһܵԯ󳵣Ժź󣬱ɽŴȥȻһڵԼ
ǰһλǶʦ֣
һڳһȭ˵ʦ֣ͦͦظǿӣأԲ鿴еǰѴʳһǴк
һƤһΪ⡣
彣лŰѳһ˵˽ʦܷҲǴ˴βµʹͣ
һֽӹЩĵ˵˽Ժˣ
۽ÿһӡ
˵ȻŵӿԳбģɲ޹ʹͣвŻֱ֮á
һǰͨ潣Ȼ¶ЦݡϾ˳ˡ
鲻ͣһˣҪ·أ
̵ƢֻЦŵͷʾ⣬˱ɽȥ
һỽһףǡ
죬֡µµתһˣ㱼ɽ⡣
һ·ϣҲܿ죬ϾҪࡣֻܷŻ٣ʹһ̫Զ
һڳϣ˫ȣһԻŰ潣ɣʮ㡣
ǰĶɣĲ⣬ػΪܹۿڱأڳԺУһ߳ɽ뼸̫ϳԶԶĲźá
ҲҪࡣ
;ƺ٣һϴʱࡣֻһЩЯߣ죬һ糾Уű뺷֮
ǰ쳣úҲи;ЪϢͣǰȥϼȾʱ֣˲ŵسǡ
֮һŶֱһԺ
Ժǰѵ˵һ˴Ӧɵĵط
Ȼ̶һʾ⣬˱ǣݳԺӡһֵæµţӳж£̶ֽ˵ƥһǣһԵСæͷϵ飬ź̶ȥ֮󣬱һǰ
ʦܣסڴ˼ӣȥͷԿȥϿ˵꣬ºһЦ
лʦ֣С֪ˣʦԱ㣡һæл˺̺󣬽ӿ˿ӲճҲȫĵͷ
һҲۣ簲ЪȥˡһУ磬룬̧ȥ
ԺŴ˿أһŻƣʮһŵӵı׼磬Ȼ䲻ǣʩȻȥ

سǵҹɷ֣һŲڽϣĿйšŴȥϵƻͨӰ¡
һڽֿڣεӰֻɺģº«һڡ
ûתһ˿ǧŨҵĻȣźȵůл˲侭ظɢ֮ȫ
е㷢ȣеᡣ
һǿգҹԶ޼ʣɫĻϣǵ㣬ض䣬Ƕ𣬷ȥĳ嶯
þ֮һһĽУǰһУĿԶ

ŲԶŽֵߣһµʯ֮ϣһݵûš
һԻŲˣԼɼɡ
΢΢̾ɱĶӣеǮʮӣǽһ롣˶࣬᲻ȥֻżꤣڴš
ƣһ˫۾ȴϴ󣬴һ˿ڴתͣ
ͻȻһҵĽŲǵý˹׹
۹·ĺɣ罫һпУ¶һ˿ϲɫֱͦΣģĿбӡ
һӣǵͨ죬ɿȲͣ˲ţֱɱ
ү̰͵ˡһСӵˣæ˵
ת۵˺ǰ
ǰɣҼү̿ס˺ʩչ֣ҼүлС˴Це˵
΢ŶһСɽӣʯ֮ϡһˣ˵λүȥѰҽŶԣιѰĳ
޷ֱ۾СæЦ˵ҲȥҽѰУʳ׵ķӣŻµҩﶼԹˡ̫̿ЩӽûðŰɲ㾪ˣз˼ĹֶΣⲻ㱼ˡɴ˴ȱȾҼү
ɶҲźСһ¡
ȻСӣæͳһӣ͵ǰ
΢յ۾һֻҹɫеӣ˵ҫۣ˵ĹĻ꣬²أæһ˵ʲôĳ޹»ģ
СæֻҪɳ֣Ӿˣ
ɻȻ˷в޺ɵʵܲκλүӶҵģ
Сͷĸһ㣬æԣɿЩְ
һӴڻУϡΧߣ¶ε飬װģ̾ΪĳˣЩнеĹ
Ϊȡ̣Ǻܲҵ飬ȻΥ˺ɵйء
Ӽɲģлȴַ죬ֱš
갡ĳ˼ӣҲõһ˷վȻһ䣬֣дʣƺˮˮǻˮ
գɵָ黭£Ҵ㡣꣬һӼ򣬶ȻһȥҲ
ŵ󺰵һɤȴǸɤţŵһ£Ҳȴ
˭֪תϲҰҰͣһ£Цûˣûˣ˰ҲǾ첻ѣû뵽߶߶İɻӡ
°ͣư͸ŵ⡣ֻаңĪǽϻȥҪΪԼúòһβС
ӿӱڿˣ˵һӡȻ߲ܣԳ±˸ȥ
滳ķ̤ʵ˲һȼͣԹ˰˲ˣ죬ȥ
ɸӲߣݣʮͣȽŻ֮ķᣬе⣬ࡣ˳ţ·߳˶ﹷ⣬ڻһƬﻧȥ
˷ϲ¾ˬɸû󻹸ˡ


70 żȻ
סǮ˼ңǼҾסﻧ˼ңƶһЩ
ƻͨȣﻧһƬ
ɵļҾǰĲԶν·˭֪ӲûڰУ䶸
ѽءɾֶַŭĺںڰ
žֻͷ˻˫֣޺ѡ
βûˡ
żй·ߣ龰¸ӵĴæ
պޣ֪ΪԼһ̯Ҳٰ˭ϲŷ˴ƣ
أԶŽţ֮ʱһӰǰߵĶ̧ͷһĵԼ΢Ц
˵һڽֿʱ㿴˺Ϊȥ̵һһ֡
дʣȻںߣһ֪˵СͻᱳϤġΪº䡱ȥ̵СԪʦ¼ġԪбдνġº䡱ʦƵʩչΣʱʱ顣
뿪˶ʱһѽЩ׼õ¼ӡֻû뵽ҲЩ
һɵ飬׬ʮӣôҲе㱾¡
ҹĳŴסˣ߲ǳǵģִȥģʴΧȡȴ˳ȥʱ˹ĸں档֮һ֪б䣬Ҳ߳˳š
ȻոﻧһȲȥߺɻеǮһһԣǴ£Ҳ͵͵ˡһں濴ɣǰȥ
λСֵܡɲ˰ѱ飬ǰꡣҹɫУü˫ɫ׺ͣ΢Ц˵ؼҵȺȥΪ׷Ǯ
һźɵͷ̧űߡδ׹ǰûӰ
ɳһᣬܰԼֻӣԼ뿪ôҵԼأвȴҲΣֻĴҵĽŽɣȻȥȺˡ
һﻧĺڰУ־ȥΡչʶƬһڿնŷԾȥ
ת۵Ĺһ㴩ﻧӵ̴
ӵ
һΣһǰ
ڣһյ͵£ڲݵϡ
һİ֣һСҲһ·֮󣬸ո£ŴȲǮ鿴ճɡ
ڴʱĲ顰֨ѽһ򿪣һС־סݵϵĶ̧ͷ뷢ȴһ̬˳ڲУɵͷһ
λջСѽһĿ˵˽
λֵܣĹ۶ãзݣʮɡæһظڳʶģ
СȴۣӲԸ֡ӿԼģ˷
һĿڰߵϣ¶ζЦݣ˵λ̨Զƽȹ
ɫ䣬ʧ֪ƽġ
һСĺӣֻӵת֪˵ЩʲôȴҲ廰λ̨ϵģ뱨ţպҲ
һԷϵпڶˣɵһЦ˵ģλδشҵĻأ
ɣͷһ
Էǲûȥƽϣֻͷ̫졣СǮӵ˫ɿֻ۵۽ֱ顣߿ֺõ˵֪ɵˣˣЩ㶼ȥɣ
һһţǮѾɵС
ǰС߻ֵֻ֣˰գŻȻɫɷףŶߣٲ
ҲǴڲݵϣЩƣǮôһӾͷأ
ʵشҵʻһĹ㡣һǮ뻳Уת䡣
С߱һղŵֶסˣҿĿ¶־ŶˡɵԼλ˶Թأ᲻ǣԼأ
ƽأˮᣬ·ɱڶӡһұɳֱһЦݣ˵
ԣһţæڲݵϣͷֹĵСĲүСҲǱƵѽСƽˣΣΪͨ籨šҪǲɣҪɱ˵İ
Ⱛߣǵƽʱ̫̽ƽھÿڵĶһһˮѱһˮɱ
ģóˣˮ֪ôˣˮĶĿ
ÿˮĲƵıꡣֵˣЩɱ˻ǽٻ޸ɡ
˭Ϻˮȫûı˲·Ԭ복ȥ֮ʱһҲھΧ˿ŵ֪ˡ˻ȥȻҪƽÿϼӷ
ĸоǻܵسسǱϾݳǣƽسǴ࣬Ӧ෢ƵĻᡣ˭ͷŰά֣ֺͬеС˴˳ζͶ͵Ĺ
ڳŴй䣬ʮӣܲģɲ磬ɵ֣ɵӸˡ
ֻûȶüˣһλɵĵӣ֪ǲ˭֪ԷǰڳҪɱ˵ļơ
ùĸŵòᣬǰԼʶȴô֪ԼأҪæԼ֪һУһһʮ˵˳
ˮ֮ϣЩˮ׶һ뽫ǰĲĸɱˡ
죬಻ܸǵģÿ˶֮ף֮˲Ǽ֮ͽһ²ɱ֡
ձŹȣΪ֮ɣһ԰գˣת뿪˲

ʧǰصУһʮŮӭǰ
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ŮСףüۿΣһȹɾ䡣
ŮɲŻعǿ¶ЦݣĿ˵ģﻹðɣ
ˮɵ˵ڴأտеģǣ
ɺҵĲ˰ӻͳһֽ
סأ⶯űӣһ˫۾žϲ
ɰԿЦһûˣ⹷⻹ڡ
;еˣȥˮϴϴ׳ˣҲӡ
ĵӦӹֽȥʰ
ͻȻһͳĿ¶һ˿ɫæ˹ȥ
ϣбһλˣǺɵӡ
Ƶ͸Ų쳱ӵűƴͣǰڴߣ伹۵˵Աԣα˿ͣҲΪӵĽ
˰죬˲ֹס˿ԣ쳱ȥһϸëǸȻ˵÷ˣ޷ģ
˵ģɷڴãеʵ
˵ˣⲡֻ農ɡɵлȻ˵ģҲ˵ˣҪ֮ҩЧֻǣ¼ҾȣֻԼˡ
ΪðӵĲ֢ҲŽյǻڣץҩҲ£ӵĳ⣬ҲȬ
ףǵĹ⡣׳ˣõÿЩģŮŹ˽
ɻźɣⲻˣһ˼ҳԲġ
ڨȻЦǰ˳ɣ⹷ⲻġ
в⣬ȴſʣ֪ɷÿղףԭеĻҲԼĲĹˡݣȦһ졣
ɼˣ飬ȴ⴫һ˵
ڼ𣿡


71 
ⲻİɺӣֿŮ㷣ѵ
ȥһ仰˲ķӦɴ󲽳˳ȥ
ԺȻվǸ꣬ЦݲģĹ˴ǰСԺ䡣
Ȼ
СֵܿЩ
Īϲã˵һΡѲָӣĪĻʧã
ﻧطͲʶһ࣬һ׵Ѱ˺ɵļҡ
Էһƾ͸ŲһͳǮݹȥ˵Ǯжȱ
ҲԺУʣüĿ׺ͣСѾͷæһһЦλӣ
һ뵽˴Сº͵Ц񣬻һɣ
ɲʧ񣬽ɬ˵ִ硱
СֵܣǮڣúĳθлźðӣ鼤
˶׵ĲǮҽˣСְڣһ
ûӣֻײ˺ü꣬Ǯѻˡէӣ֮ʣ̲סϲ
ǵģֻǰ;ȥҿֵܸѰ˻ҰȥΪֵܵˮһһݣһֺǺǵķԸ
ţæҪȥȴһס
ףһ֪лвˣǴˡ
ʱһִ˵
ȥҲõлλĵֵܣ
ЩæңɿӦæһǸȻһЦҪת˭֪һɳ˻齰ЪΪãǷ㣬һȥݼˡ
æͷԴѾãвۡлһҲȫ
һ飬Ӧ㣬ģ
һݣ֮ϵĸŹźɣæһˣ
ǸȻֻڴǷ񣺡СʧˣֵҷԻֵ֪֡лֵܴˣ԰գ΢΢һס
һɫȻæֵˣ֮Ͱˣ÷أһԿ
˼һֿҲ̬¡
һ֪ͻأȴתȥֻ£ˡԷɫƣ˫ݣ˫Ŀг˿ή٣ȴ̸󷽣̬ݡ˸Ӧ֪֮ˡ糾棬ȴŮҲοɰ⵹Ǻһˡ
ּͷ빷⣬һɵüͷһ塣
æֵܿл˵ɲԵĳԹɫı²
һ˵⹷⡯ֳơ򡯣ζв֮Ч
ɾȵ˵ֵܵǲĹǰ
һԺɵĹάÿɷҡͷ˵Ϊ̵֮ףȣ֢֮ʳ˹⣬Ժ˲岻
һԽһٹ˲ùάһæֵǸ˲¶࣬е콫⹷˿ɣ
Ҳ¶ţ׵Ĳδתʳ˹˲飬ѩϼ˪Ļ¡
˶һԣҲǰͷ
ɶһ˵ԭֵܻͨҽԣ֮ѰУй֮޲һ£ֽ˵ҷⲡ˶δԭʵļҾҲ˶ֵܼЦˡȴֵ֪ܷ񡭡ܷΪҷһأ
ųݣʵڲÿڼ󡣿Ӳһ첻תһԣٲȻҽˡֻһҧ˲棬
һԲֻĿƽźһڡΪøУĿе֮⣬֮Ȼֻǣ˵ĲӦҽأ
ȴüͷ΢Ժ˵ʧˣֵѣһЦ
һ˵ܰæȻԹ۵ģ룡԰ȡĺ«˵ȡֻ
æ˳ȥת˫ֻһǰ
һӹ룬Ӻ«еһǧ𥣬硣ݸˣ˵ҩƣԿ
һˣԲʲôãȴ˼ĲӹСںȥ
ҩƹЧΣú¶ڴɫƬ̺󣬺˽뽻佪ƵɫȻһ˿һĿ¶ϲɫһ˵˾һھȥ֮нҲأһģҲˣ
һҲ¶΢Ц⺬ǧ𥣬ϴֻ֮Ƿ֢֮𣬾̲ʤĴ֮ҩ
ʢƵ𣿡һʵ
û֣ź˵еģִԴȡ
Ǻ«УѰ֮ɷȻ֪һ⣬ĿоǸм֮⡣
꣬ȡһֻ״ɾƺһӹ«ľȫƺСƺ󣬴ǧװСƺ
һƺСĽӹڻС
ÿСھƣ˵ӻġֻǣ˾Ʋܾãҩ١ûк«װţὥɢģһº᲻úȣ˷ƶ˲飬ֻܺѡ
ֵܴĳĪʩһۼ׾β漣תоϲҲŵ˵лִ磡
ϵĺҲҪлһæ²ˣ˻ҪЪϢһڴ˴в㣬Ǹǵĺã˵žҪ뿪
ǰסһԴǿУлֵ£ĳ裬Ҫȱˮ߲ѽ
࣬ﲻźˣִݾæ˵
ִ硪Ҳǳ
һʢȴɸŮݡ
ȴͳӣ˵ȥЩƲˣֵܺ
ˮת۳˺ȾƣһȰ裬ȴЦЦҡͷ
ﻧҲʳġ޷±վһּ࣬ȴҲʵݡ
ȡЩʳݣȥˡ
һһľǰٱСá
ǰһͬĹˡɲҵھٱ
֮֮ɣСƬҲ޷֮µһֻɶá
ɾǷѣ˼ɫͨ졣ƽͷȫƾһ죬ʱо֮⣬˵ȴҲ


72 
Ҳʵ˼ҡֽк£ϳŵڣһ˱سоס
ʱ;ʱҲǿʮ֮ʱҵ䣬Уӡ
˵ɽȥ˿˼һֲ˲֮ĲҩţóԺúȵĽⲡ˵Ҳһ޸֮һ˱ѲףοһòأμĹ⾰ɼұ㵽˽Ҳľءһֻ˳լӣﻧһСԺס
֮࣬ڳŴԡ֮ͷϿ࣬иϡŹֵëҲɱ߶߶һͨˣҲһΡģϤ˱㻽ΪˡҲֵˣӷ˲ˣÿճΪᦣ֮á
ɱѧʶ֮ɣ֮򣬲Թɫÿ׬СǮһǿڡż󷽵ˣҲСơֻȫұϲţȻȶ׾ݡ
Ϊȥ̣ĵʮӣԺ˵ȻǱʺˡʮ㹻һһ꣬ʡԼõĻάҲڻ¡էϲէǣֻת֮䡣һַҩƣþòϲԺת
һĸм֮ԱƵƵٱʾл⡣
ԷʤһȰ裬˻⡣ʵ棡
ɷ¾ƱԼգԳֵܣĳ֮£ʧ̬ˣǺǣ˵ţۺӣ¶һ˿Цһò̾˵µģ𣿡
һ΢Ц˵Ϊβţ
һӣһĴֵָ̾ܲŴɵӣҺʧǣȴʧȣòףǳ֮
仰뱾СسǾɽԶܿԼҲ⡣һ΢Ц
˭֪ȴȥһṤתȴűӣһǰһţ˵µģ֮ʱӣأҲϡ档ȴҲšϾʱ㳢һ˭֪ż顣ǣ˸ַ·ӡ֮ʱ٣Ǻǣ
һǰĲӣܱܾɣɾϣԪĸȴͷһ
̧ͷɣԷȴΪ⣬ΪԼϱơ
ǲʰɣ
伫뷭ӿһлһֳϾ˼֮
⻰ż⣬ֵ⣡ɰڰ֣һԱ㡣
ȻԷ⣬һҳȷʵ¼ǡԪƽдǹ֡ҲֻǷ׼һЩҲȱȫļҳת˲ͷһ顣
֣صغеľᣬһʵس֮д˲᣿
ҡͷƽˣУһˡ۰䣬ϱ뿪ƽ˴仧ˡŴ棬ֻˣǵۺԪۡ
һĬĬͷԪĸʱб²ɵԪйءȻ϶ɹȻԪۺˡ
һ첻۹ʹæʵֵܿв֮
һ˼ã˵һλ֪ĸˣ񰮣ҲõһԪʴˣöЩ
ŶĪֵˣҲԪ۵ĺˣҲ¡
Ӧ˰ɣһҲݣ޷ڡԺɳнģѵ˵ԼԪ۵Ķʮһˣȴɵӣνأ
뻹գãȴԺɸӵ׽
ֵ֪÷ȣǷһأɱЩ֮ʵ֮ʱȴܻ췹ԡֻǲӲȱﲻȫΪźܲȫӳԣҲԼǮֶҲһЩ
һеα΢еĺɵû룬ֻǽʱתˡ
ԪһϣȴóĹ֣Ҳδʶá
Ӳȱ֮Ϊ㲹ȫΣһ˵šúȡֽʣԼִʼ¼ԪУ׼õģ¼֮
ǺǣЩҲ֪ûôֻͷȥһһˡһͣ¿Ҳͣ±ʣЦ˵֪䣬ѾȥСʱ
ɿֽţʲôֹѪ䡢Ӻ䡢а䡢ȵȣµĶ࣬һģڰ׻أԺļҾҲ֮תǰˣȻй˰ȻдԵ
뵽˴ɲЩ־ǰһϲ
ֵܼסηɷɼң㿴ҼѽСպþЩ಻ס룬žˣѿڶ
ɵĺһ仰һҡͷЦ˵ҲƽˣĸɺѾټŵӣδɼҡ
̫ˣֵܣ㿴Ҳ쵽˼֮ꡭһ֮ɫ
һɫƨ¸׶ƵģæҡֵܺáСͻСԺ鲻ٵģɫˣһҪȥˡ˵žʹæǡ
룬˲֪߲֪ҲΪ⣬ͣЦ˵ջҼҳԷɣС˸㳢Ͳⶼڿأ
մҪɽģԺˡһºֹҲƵ뿪ɵļҡ
һûӰվ⣬Բûͷݡ
ִ𣡡
֪Ů󣬺ɵͷ˵ִˣв֪ʱ
̾˿вʡλֵŴɣǰ;֮Ϊ˺ơΪöð
ȴ֪һ˫Զ
ижá

һһ׮
һ𣬴Ե
ϲ临;ںδ˺£żȻڤڤ֮Уж
˭˭Ĺ
ȻųУִŴִţִţִֺأ


73 С
ڶһ磬ɱһǰͷ
һ߷ʮľ̳ڽģơȻҲٲȥسǵǧƷ˼ʮϾơ̫٣ȬռɣЩɳӾʱȴδˡ
ﻹ徻ͷӣһƬæµ
һĨϼˮˮ۹ƬƬ˵Ҳ˲ԣ˷ֳ
һһǰסͣͣȡ
ǰ˽̸Ƭ̹˼źµĺӡһ磬̤壬˴󴬣ת۾ͱΰһװء
ÿβ°ٽʮκܿװ˴󳵡һǧٽΣӦɶǧ˳ԸµİɡһϹƽϣ۾ȴǲͣͷܡ
ʦܣװˣ·ɣ̶һһɤӣǰС
һջسͣƥֻ֡ǣ
µ·ߵûһҲżһǰСĿɨ·ߣһˣ¶Цкȴת׿
˺ӵ̺󣬱ֻ࣬ʱĽŲԳء
ӵŴһҲǰĺ̶ˣ̳ͣӱȥ
ƣЩս˲ãһ˹ӭǰȥ˵ֵܣǡ
һ̳£ͳСɻһЦС˵̳ҩƣǷ˲ˣҲô˾ƣԿǿãˡˣȻؼһˣڴͽ⣬ˣ
ɲһ˼ȻԼӻ֣űʯ塰ࡱһ죬ֹԶȥ
İæڼϣڳŴ𲼸ˣ̳ƱȥصųţɫŵĻˣæʵ˺£
ɽ²ͣ˷
ݣɲӵʣȷ¾ֽ̳ڴϣŽһȥʱĽ˵һ顣
֮һˣ㶢Ŵϵİ
ϵҲȣ򿪰аİڰУҲסһ
ƽʳˣ˶ӣϵļУѾǺңԶˣһô˴󷽣
ǺãһҳֵأδⲻװΪβƴǣ
żϵҲС̣æǰףȴ׵ɴ۾ڴܳɡ
һţԹֵܼŸ·¾ˡ֪ӣɳŴ˶ӣҲҴ򿪿Ҫ֪˶ӣҡأ
ϵɲͣɿҲۡһçײأѾˣӣﲻأĪǣĿҼ
ˣҪգֵʱǣҪЩӱ㵱˼ױˣ뵱Ȼ˵ȴס˳ɵĿźɣŮϡ
ѽ˵ʲôأСúģһŤ˳ȥ
ü˵أҼߵáźֺǺǵӣϵ۽Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⡣

һӭձسǡȻİ˺һң±㱻Ժϣɵͷһ׮
ͷ֮Ƕïʱ뼸վһһ˳Ĵ׳͡˱Ű޻
һ붡ïкȴԷ鹧޻󣬳Լҡͷ֪ΣҲŤͷȥװ·ģ
ïΪˣһڳϣ붨һ㣬ȴǰĥ
ʱͷܵͷһһϪˮߡ
صĴ󳵣Ҳ۵ʪģͣţİĭ̵ҲϸʱʾЪϢ
һͣƥ⿪ˮߣִӳó˸װһЩϸϡ
̶ҲɿĶǴˮʳϣȻͳһԳš
һĳҲиء
Թԣڲݵϣһ«һڡ
еʲôãҸðɣڵһʵҲӯһڴķԲǵΪǲǿԷþأԼ˳Ų㣬ڱǰǰ㣬Լǿգ˲Ϣǧ
Ŀ꣬ͬǧ֮㣬˷򡭡
һһ«ȴַ¡üһ򺫼ɡ
ڽʳĸ
һ«˩䣬ĴһۣĿ
Сӣ˰·ѵӲ𣿻װģھƣջ𣡡ɱһͲ˳ۣڵЪϢɵúݺݽһڸɧ
ЦϳҲ˵ģǣ
ߣȥűҲýˡõĻѽʱȴǲ£ʵˣ
ȷʵΪܹۿűԶջ𡣿˲˵СС˵Ҳи书õлȲ½书ȴŵٮٮߣľָǰҲϺ
סʦܣʲôɫһڵأϸ
ҲϢ񣬵ͷˡ
һˣб졣˵꣬ȥĶǴҲ֮æµһڱĿæ˳ֱˡ
һۣӦһʰ
ɲŵӵмᣬʱѱ֣Դ鿴һ˿ҡһڵģҲܿ׺
һװϵĲŻ֣ոͼһߴĺӣֿȭѪͣı˹һŮ׷ᡣ
ǰĺӣ·ˣĴҵ̶ֱ˹
һݹĺӣҲˣĿ¶׹⣬·ֳ䵶߸߾𣬺ݺ¡
ǰ溺ŵöУһһȥ漴תһȭȥ䵶߿գ֣һȭеˡһ䵶ַɳ
ǺӵƲˣһȭһȭԷؿڡĺӽ¼ͣԾȴвȭͷѸۿҪȭͷС
ͻȻһ䵶һƬ⣬ƹǰͬ飬ֵȥ
ֵĺӼƲԷؿڵȭͷ͵أһֻȭͷءһߵĵ䵶ȴһת˸ԼҸ¡ֺֻܷתΣȥ
ꡪѣһѪųֺƺһŤתӣȥ
ֺ˫ȭףȴѵжԷ˶ࡣ
״ŭ⺺ӷҪˮơֻǼ֮ͣɵӵݣǿ
ȭŹʯ⼸֮أɽ£޹ʺֵܣɸֹ
ǺӴæ֮ʣԼĴ
һڲԶҡͷʯΪα׷ɱҲϽ仰ú̶޷رܡ
ֻɵŵӣ׼ĸǰжķأ
λŮӣ껪ȴǼ°ͣߣž˲ڣ


74 ж
º͵ѲԹʯҲǣֻעӺˡΪһŵӣҲ˵书жߣ۹ȴǲ
ʯһȭŹ򲻵ͣ׷Ķӣɼ˲򵥡ֻǣ֮ӦϽЩˣֻΪ׷ɱʯŻţ
ɶԹʯҲ޺øС֮󣬳ȴɣɸɵУ˵һССȭšȻֻһŵӣϣִɵӲе԰һҲȱ١
ǰһбָߺˣɵĵͷɱˣӲС
һѼ䵶ݵӣɫ䵶ߴﹾлͣƻˡһһԣҲǲģ
Ĳߣȴʵݣɫڣһ˫۾͸ſײС
Ҳһɤڳ˶СŮӣһʰ쵣ĿѣԣúҲסһֻйʯĿŭ𣬺ݺݵŮӡ
Ůӻһǰӹ˳˺һֻǻ鲻䣬Ŀײ֮ⲻ
ŮӽŲӯ֫һǰ档źˣ¶һ˿Цݣһ˫ˮУ߲繣ֻȥȥϧ
ɳűи
λСġʯ״ãæһ
һ𣬲ɵɫһ졣
еǰȴԺⲻǹʯѣŮӱҪɱԼ˵Լ̻ءţڽĻ֮벻ǰС
ͷһ£ٲҶò绨Ůӣ˫˲̱۾
߳ŭ뷢ûŮȴ͡һЦа۵ָڣ΢ü粨öɰͣһʱ֪롣
һλԺηΪ޹ɱˣ
λ̨ɵİɣأŮӲΪĵЦ
ɫ˵õӺ̣⣿
һ༸߰Զڳϣ߿ţȫģʯ׿Լͷ΢Цӻ֣Ǵ˸кҲϺ顣
ʯ֪ϻһˣֻǷδ塣ҲͿ겻سôһŵӵװ磿ʯֻңңȭֻܴѪܵģߴԾ̬
ԭֵأСŮˣŮװģţһ˫ȴ˸
֣˵ҵȽˣƽкβͬأ

Ů۹ںɶ벻
ɲΪȻĺһ˵ĳΪˣ𣬵գ
üͷһ壬ã
λǶˣ˵úðǴŵأ֣˵ϷūңūҵأŮӵදˣȴ͸⡣
һԵĹʯп಻ȴԱסָɶ˳ͷֻܼ˵Եɡ
ʯǹŵǸͬ飬سǴ˶պҲû̽鵽ʲôõϢȴ཭ɽȥ˰಻סҲ֮ǰ˭ϰ;ˡ
ǸǹԲӣŮ쳣СҲͰˣѹʯĪģ߿гݣƷβ롭˭뱻˼ˣִ
յĺǽ֣ȴҲ书ף˫һԲϣ㽻ҲŮŭպ޵£㰵ʩ֡
պжأֲԷ䵶й֮£ת۱
ʯպӳİ춷ȴʦͬţأǳ⡣ѣҪѰԷƴ
úѵ֣֮ҲҰ֮ˣĬŮʹֶںùʯֻܶӡȴǲģ׷ţɱ֮졣
ʯ֮󣬺üͷŮ˵ɱ˲ͷأѾɱˣΪλأ
ŮӾۣ˵նݲ֪紵ɱȻҪնɱģǲأ֣
Ů̸УռðֱˣҲֵȻˣȥԺƽϰɣ
Ǿūɱ˴˿ɺãŮ㣬ȶˣЦŵ٩ԺԸûϡ
ҲͲȥ̽ߵڴˣҲҷ
ŮؿڣŶɡ
ūҰūҵСأ˵ţЦһ֫һŤֱһֵָ£һɫ򺫼ˡ
ʯ״󾪣Լֵܱ˰㱻նɱ֪ܲæˣѺ̶ˣСж
̶аݣ˿⣬æסŮĹҲˣʧʱХһ䵶
ԷҲɵҪԼɱɶһۣ֪²ˣҲ˶־
ԷĶ˷ֱӭ˹Ҳ
ŮЦӯӯһţδֻ֣ⲻʱƳʯ
ԶһŮȴһۡ
ŮֻǷʯˣ˭ϹʯǲأȴҲʧѪ٣һʱҲǰмɵŮӣֻܴСһԲtս
ɶ˱Ͼŵӣ뺷ĹҲѷɫȴҲ֧Ƭ̡
ŮӼ֣ɫɣƲʯ
ʯĿŭ𣬻ȭŮӻȥ
ŮҲ֪ʯһ书˫ȭ֮ϣЦţʵ裬ָᵯһƬԷ
ʯ֪ҳǿ¼֮ʱȴ̲סҺһ˫ȭ֮ϣմȾֱֱϣһˮݡ
ŮЦɢ˫ת뻨ԣĳۣȴɱء˫£ʯȥ
ʯһ·׷ɱǱŮճ֣ǲӣ棬ˡ
ŮӼʯȴһ˫׷㣬䲻ţֱԷȥ
ʯߴ䣬ȴʧδΣɫ䵶ӱǼ⿰ĸֱ˭֪䵶ʹڿлһԲȦַ˹
ʯ޿ɱܣֻķȥ΢ֻúһһ飬ѷɽѪߡ
һĿѣϮʯãж漴ģ˵ض
ŮһЦбϵһвΪ⣬ת򺫼̶˶
̶ͷͣȴҲΣʯתۼ䱻Ůӷŵд󾪣Ҳ˻ǿԸŮЫʹ˲
˱ƣŮССɫ䵶ִһϮΪ̡
˵ֱȣѪһҫϢ֮䣬˾Ķһۡû뵽ɵĵ̣һ˻ʧȥδ룬ֻǰ㱣һͷԵ
Ů䵶жҶԻһʯǼÿ죬ҲĶֻδѣǣ˽
ҪŮˣò绨Ůˣ
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ΪҪΪβأһ⣬Ŀȴŵˣ˽ɫ˫Ŀգڡ
Ů˸û˷ϡһѣֱˡֻû뵽ģĳ򣬶Ժжأû˿ĻţɫȻͬʶڼСһ㣬ôʩʩȻŲӣ˹
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굶üᣬ沿Ӳ͸ŲĵЦݣıȳԸȴҲһ͵ŵӴ磬ﻹģ˩ֻ«
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ŮӲɵü΢ģ꣬еĲ⡣ѣǰɣ
Ů˶Ժû˿Ĺ˼ɣ˵ɱɱⲻ۵ĳȴ衣Ҳǳ굶ͷѪˣΣһֱܸ֪
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һҰֱɣҪûһɽҲһ潣Ľڶ˵֮ϣ⣬ʱȴǡô
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ߴﹾҽУʧˡ
ŮӼ״Ҳ˺벽Ŀͣһ˿ԼţȴڿһЦ˲¶థСֵܿƭūˣ
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ŮӾ֮ʲϸ룬ӦԼ죬䷭תӭķ˲ԡ
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벻⳵ѶԸССͣȴ˸Ī֮Уǳ
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ŮҩһҲļ㲻ңұȡ
˭Ůϻ˶Ķһ״һ㶣˶СƿӣûֱֻһЩ׵ķţҩڣ

Ů֪ԼӲȴҲٻţ޽ҷȻһЦ̬ްԹ˵ūҶ㣬ҪɱɱҪʲôҲˣСֵܣΪγüأ
һ̧ۿŮӣޱ˵ٽҩȡͬұɷŹ㣡ǹֻΪҰҿԳȫ㡣
ŮһףᲨϧԷӶ꣬ûһ취
Ĵɵ֮࣬ŮӴ˰֣˵½ˣˣ
֫һ٣ӵϼһСƿ˵ǽҩˣɣ


76 
ԭŮӵΪ£
Ƴ˶Էһۣһֽ̧ҩƿ˹
ҵǰΪ½ҩҩ˸Уҩҩԡ
һԹ˰˽ⶾŮʹթ
ʯԼһ㣬ɸԼ񣬾ֻ˱֡ǽҩм٣һںɱΪ˱
µʵ࣬һѵĶһԾҲˡ˺֮ɫȴ֮Ũ
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һͷ˵лĽҩ
Ȼ죬ڽ㡭лҵԵʣˡ
ҲɱͬأǺңҲӦġһƽ˵ȻҵͬˣԿȥ
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Ȼԣһʱ½ת֮ʱѰԼĳĹˡʯȴãȻ״
˼ٽޣֻһһظ˵ˣСܻڵأ
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λҹĳҲϻˣɽҲҵ֮أȥֵźԵȥʯƺת
˲ٵ飬̡ǰвԶȻ·һʬףʯߣ
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ľĥʦֻе˼ȴתȥ˵ʦǡ
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ʦʦõͷʾʸľɶԣС˵˼仰


77 
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ϣʦָɣڵӴ֮ʱѰɽţԷ⡣˭֪ɽŴȻ཭ˡʱɽŴѾۼˣڽҪɽҪۿҵӴȡһ˰йƻɲԼ࣬˵ԭί
۳룬ͷ˵ȥɽŴƽϣ
˵ʦҲ˼һӣʮµӣӵɽȥ

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ҴԶĽģΪβҽɽ
˵ʲôɽǽʥأΪβҵȽȥ
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ҵҪۿɵĵӱԡ

УȺ鼤ܡ
ͷɽѲص½ƣһʱ֪Ǻãֱðݺ趯гȵЩ뿪ɽصأǶġ
Ŵɱʢ𣿽տǳʶˡ
ҵȾǲߣҺΣ

һһ䳰֮ܣ½мܲס߲ڣҲҷŭֻܶסɽŴЩֲ¡
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ʼǰһ˱ȭʣλͬʷڵӴȣޣֻܾλ⣬¡аɽߣԵӭͣ
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ǰҵҲҪ۽硭
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Цȶɽţƣֳ⣬ɿɲܣͳӥĿƵ磬ɨˡΪɵĳϣʱƣ˾ϡͻȻðĺ޹أоԹƻ֮⡣ȥֻ¸ճ
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ȴĿ⾼ȺѰղŰ͵Ϯ֮ˡҪһЩȴҲΪĬʩ͵Ϯ⧲תѱټУŵǸĺȥˣ
϶ԼΪͬЩԤıס˲ʣָ֪ʹ֮ˡɸһ΢̾һ


78 
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ҲͷϿȥɵ˫üĿ¶ŭ𡣷ŵİҪɱڡ
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һƹҡ֮Ҳƿز˾棬һЩɵӱΣԷ
Ⱥ󷽣Ǹ׺ӿǰһУ¶һ˿Ц˸صƣת㿪Ⱥβȥ
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ϻףϳϴŰŵǰһԾߡ
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ֻǣոеģֻţһˡ

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Լ뺫̵زʱһĲ벻ðĶҲýڵѡֻɫһֱÿúƢĺҲûһ취
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Щͷԣ⻹״˵˲Ը뿪ԺأһС֪ǰ;֮Ҫɣ
ʦ֣㷢ʲôûУһʵ
ĹˣüͷҲֻ·ϲʱнӭֻһ´æͷ·һʱЩ˵龹粻ж֮⡣
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һڳɢʶͷȻһ˼Ƭ̣ĽǬеСȡ˳ϼƤй
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һҲ׷ϣСַԷȥ֮ʱס󱳣ȻҲֻա


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˲Ω˷ܵǺǣˣǮأҵǮ
ľͺ˵ĵͷ˵˰˵ţӣһֱ߬ͭǮֱǰš
һڵϣ̧ͷܣĺ»мǮأһǮǮǮֵעֵǲ²°Уʱڴ˿̡
˷ܵĶӣļ˵ǺǣҲһǮûУǲǰ
Ҳ϶˵Ҳ»ǮǮҲܳܵ
ԣҲһǮǮڱأҲ಻סа˵
ҲǮ
ҲǮ
ѺҲԽ
Ǽٵģ˭Ҳ²׼ģƭ˵⡣ţԺųɼӣһ֮ԱǣһԺˡǮƭ˵İϷţ俴ߣߵȴԹҲ϶ŲǺö
Ŭ°ͣװżе˵°˭°
һʼںעšʮľƭǮǿˣǮԷģϲ鷳ˡ
üöͭ壬򵥵ͷס˺ˡ
ɼ˺öģҲʹȻ
书ףˣǮĹһߺȵʱֽŷɿ쵹Ūͭ壬гһûһ˲
һ۹Ͼ˲ͬʶУ֮йƣŵļУʵӲ
׻Ͳסӣ˵£Ҳǿյģǲ
ŹһЦ˵¶ˣųصģˡƶ̬һ㱣ѵԼ´ˣ
ҡҲˣ£ǿյģһҧ¶˾ġ
ãע֡¶˾Ͳ˰ƺ˰֤漣ʱ̵ˣĳһף̫ˣһʱĲ˿ڡ
һֻһöͭ塣
׾ȵŴͣôأöͭȥˣ
̨˰ûϵŲ£´˵ͲأһڵϣȴһԵĹƻֻֻ֮ڵϵ£ԭȵһöͭ徿ڲڡ
ײɴֱӲһǮȻʧʱһǮǱˣʲôûС
С۾ð⣬ϡҲòˣȴֶ
Χ۵ļ˿ŵĿУ¶֮ɫ
˭ԣ棬ȡ
°ɣһסףվŶ棬һЦ˵һǲǿյģ
һתҲ˵¶ˡ
һ˵ˣµע


83 ǧ
ԣĿһ
ĵʦܱԼأ
һҪµĶעʲô
Ҳһ㶡ǮŲǲңץŸԼͱȥˡ
λֵܣ֪ʲôǶǮĻñ֤ڴ˴²Уٺ٣ôȥ
ǮҪˣһȥֱꡣȻˣʣµһˡΣһЦ˵
ųƬ̣룬ⲻǸûֳܶࡣȴһЦ˵λֵҲ֪ģһжйأԸķǲܷڵģȻûƨۣ
λֵܣĵⶼƭ˵ġţжһ׽ȻҪȰ衣
Ҳⲻģһȥ࣬Ҳ㲻ġ
ǺǣأİɣжƷҲƷġһȰ裬༤
źһã۾һѶӮүң̼أ
ЦУžƣһȴһָ
˲ԣѭָȥƨöͭǮ
ȴɫһһʱƿأԽеҿ˰
ٴƿƣһһָǺ˵ףһö˿ȥȻںƨ£Ѿöͭˡ
ʱΧߵͷ˼ֻȻҲƣֻǴζЦݿźš
з飬Ҳܵͷ鿴ԼĿɣɫӲƿһ룬ҲҼȥͷϲð
ǰɵӣµԼûһǮԼлᡣֻԼδʧְôˣ
ǳ鴤ĺһҿ˰˭֪Σݳ׽סˡ
һָһ㣬ǺЦöͭҲˡ˿÷ƨ£öͭһ١
ҲˣһѽˣСˣթأǰִֻӿصŪͭ壬Ųµõأ
ĵױ˺һͷȥͭ嶼Լƨ棬翴ˣϧԼһڹ¶˶ˡ
书ãҲЦԼ书ӡĹʲô³ǧ˵ץס
ź첼Ƶûض飬ǿЦС￪İˣǺǣɤЦݱȿ޻ѿ
˼֮ȻЦ׺޺һڣģʲôǮҲһϷʹŵģûƭ
ţֺǺǿźųܡ䲻֪Ϊʧ֣ȴҲ֤ʵԼԲ顣
ǰŵľ̬һ΢Цҡͷ
ֽż죬۷Ҳһ͵Ĺ򡣿ϧԼŵĹҲʦڣһЩƭ˵Ķɼ򵥵˵ûһ츳áֻеȱ£ƭƭ˼ҵ׾⡣伱ˣŮ֮֮
һʦʮ꣬ЩƫţûҲʦ
Ҫ˵˵ȱǴҲȻ
Թŷ䣬̾޲֮ǳԷе˵ŵĽǮ㲻ȺˣǮҲƭ㡣
֮ʱ˶忣̾ⶡʵҲԼµĻ
֮ıԡ̶̰꣬׾Թ϶ݼš˳ԼУ£ɰףִŽµ·ĬĬǰУ
һף΢˫ۣٿȻԶȥ
ů鶯޴ڡ
ʦܡ׳һ䡣
ôʹթģԲģڨڨʵ
ǺǣٵľǼٵģΪ󣬲ģκεأعһЦҡͷţ
գС۾һıӰֹţʦܾͻŪ顪
ţðƺһֵΣţæĿڴ
ҽһʮѣһţģţ¶ЦݣһЦţԺηأ֪Сܵʲʣ
ţɫ΢漴ˬһЦԳұֵܴ࣬ռֵܣ֪Լ¶çײЦѽ
һĴȣţ˵Щ˵Ҳգǰˣ˴ǧ֮Զأ˾ɽ֮У˽ѵȴҲ˼ʶţϰʮ꣬Բʮе֡ɽɵӽ֣δһϱ㱻סţķڷ
һҡͷţһŵеĸˣȻҲ˲乢ֱӣ˴ξɽ֮УСοţҲԷƱԹǿǿ֣ڵҲĺúӣƽػҲǺΪЩǿʤĹţҲмΪ֮ģ
ţػ󳩣һͷЦֵܣǺüʶģԺţҲЩ߰Ķˣڼ䣬䶷ƣ񲻿գ
һȴ𳵺ֻˡţе񳵺ȴûдϸĳȡ뽭˵ĶԹ޹ءֻнն񣬲ţ޹˹֡
Ųһֹֽ޴ģ˵ǹƨڴһȦҲûնˡ
λ֣С£һʵ
ŸҪʾԼ£ȴڨЦ֮£䲻֪ǳȴҲֵ֪飬ܲܣܱܲ𽫴⴫
ʧ֣úžʧ֮ϸ룬Լ²ãиڳѡһߺգһԽתĺһᣬŲȷһߡ
ԷЦЦ׽ŸԼ²ⲻ١˲˵ĸĪ״
ŵһͨϹɣɶˡ
һߣ̲һţʱѽԺʵûҪΪ˼ƽϡ
Ŀ⾼ĶźţһЦŨſ˵ȥľͲˣҲ˷ϡԼһ£ɹغֵأ
ͷһϲ֪һټƽϴ£ֻλɫ࣬Цǣǣ࣬˾ǣ˵ţĿţа֮⡣
ţһ֣˵İɣҲܹ⿴ŲɻĻúŰԵ⣬Ɀֱ
ֻǹֱ˲Ӿޱ
ţ࣬
תۼ䣬Žп಻
ÿһӶѵøСɽƵģúֱɵʢأͲܸװЩ


84 Ϫѩ
üһһ۾
֫ٺ䣬תٻعܶʼϢ
һҹһ˸۰
ӯƮһһƬҶ紵봲֮䣬ӯĿ϶ȥ
תۼ䣬һ˫ͣУ䡣
˹龰ײ²ǵײˡһΪ⣬¶΢Ц
ÿҹһʱ˴ŵСݣԵĿռ䡣
ķãƣûľΪӣδƹؽΪδңңҲһԼİο
ԼʲǼ˻첻һϾʡȴʮ꣬ǰĿ๦
ᣬڡ⣬Ǭеľɹʹá
δ·һ
ΪʶȴɡĴѴʮҡǿʶĺôһԶС̽顣ֻǣ㡣һǲ̽ءһҲ𲻱Ҫ鷳̫ϳϣӦһӦеء
ЩСƵģһϾʱһǲͣϰڴɡ
һķУȥ֮硢֮ڷĥΪ˴˻֮ͨġ
ϸϸĦھĲͬӡ֤־ı仯һ֣Щͬķ֮䣬ƿصӡھͬơвĵطǶԵ֡
Ʃ磬Сǰ벿Ŀھӡƣ벿ҪԵһĺ벿ھӡ࣬Ӧйء
ҲȴЩӲ֮Уûõɡñв˵ĵҲɱˣɱ˵ĳ뵥Ҳвˡȴû˭Ų˵ģȻҲûôȥˡ˵󵶣ǸƣĹòͬǵʹҲǲͬġ
һϹĥҲ롣˵ԵܷܺӣʵģȻҪ塣
ʱˣ¶֮δ¶֮ʱҲδزͿ
쿪ĳԣϡͿģĪĽ磬м磬һУƮƮɡü۴Ц⣬һУǽϵĳʣٿȻתȦڿһͣһڣֱ
һЦɣγԼֻϹâһ֣ɻ֣ǡᡱһķ˳ʧȥʶأ䣬ָһ㣬෭ط𣬻һߣһ˿ĲǽϵĽʡ
üͷһϲԽԼٲȻһɸˣӦأЩõ죬ٲҪоƣһھӡĶһʩչ
֮࣬һӻ£վڵϡʹɷ£ʵྶͥŵĳŻˣߣûһôֻҲ޷콣е֮мСϰԣοʰɣ
һϢЦݡϰڿȴҲֻǶ̶̹˳õڰգ⻹ǲأ
ڿУͬһͷ񣬲ʧΪһܺõأ뵽˴һҡͷЦŴ⣬ˣ
߳ӣѩмΪ֮һ
ǰһƬӨףԺѱصİѩǣɽĶ죬ˣ
ոǴżĴĵ˻ܵļΡ
׿ϥĻѩһһ˦һӯߺİѩƣӿۼŻѩѩ򣬾۳ѩѡ̼䣬Ժпյްѩ
ȥɧϢһ־Ժѱøɾˬࡣ
˻УɢУһݸȴͷһתԺŴ
ɳɳһѩص콥ԺתǴ¶һѩգһ΢漴ĿЦ⡣
ʦ簡
ʦҲأһ¶΢Ц֪Լ¡
һᣬһϷɿɨһۣŵŵ˵մѩ磬źɽѩأʦȴȤ֪֪ʦ֣δ˵꣬׵ʹ޺޶㣬ǽ²˵ˡ
׺ߣ죬һ̣漴ЦʵʦÿҪȥɽ۾
²̧ͷĿ¶ڴ֮ɫ
һͷ룬˵ͷ˵Ҳȥɽ
ȻһЦǱãһڰɫ
ѩ첻ʱ򣬿ɵûǲģɽ·ԶأܲһǳһȥһԸܵʮƥǣܲ˵ĳԺžߡ
֪йؽڣ¿ĵĲ
һɫۣˣǸߵͯδĿɰģһ¶΢Цȴüͷһ壬Цݽ
ס˱ȱﻹأһľԺŴ
ľȥɽһȭһ鲻Ҳæ
ŶλضġֻǱСҲҪȥɽ棬֪ɷͬ·ľҲϳһСһƲȴׯֻǶǰ˵Ŀ⣬͸һ˿Ź֡
ľԺ򡪡ǳľһɫƽͷȡʰƥ˵ľ롪
ľҲƲϵһˣҲᣬȻһЦ˵λҲȥɽģҽýͬΣ
ĿƳһæ֮
ľǺһ֣һҹѩͲסأұ˸磬ȴѰͬߣ飬Ҳ֮أ˵ţԹɽȥ
ԭãһ޲ߣҲߴ٣һǰС
ȥɽ·ϣûӰֻд
һŲʱѹСʱɽ·ѩУһһҲ߹ˣ˵ڵãŲҲ˶١
Ҳ¶ȥˣѰһߴ֦һطŲݸһһʯͷϣǰѩ
װع֦ҶױȻһɫԶɽ壬񷣬ԲããεΪ׳ۡ
ʱǰһƬâ˸Ҳ֮ϣҫ߲ϼ⣬Ŀѣ
һ̾Ω칤ǰ续
ƥɱһ̧ȥֻѩͬѩںɷǺÿ
ת۵ǰ°ףǼ˻
ʦ֡ϻһһջĿ⣬ˡ
ľһɫ廨ļа¹ƤѥŶ̽Ӣˬһ̧ͷæˣֻǰ͸ϣ͸ŷʱã
ľȥԶȴü㣬зϡ
ѩ磬;ʦĿİɣһлûһ䡣
ϲ˵ѩȣ羰ʤأлʦСǰ
һæ֣Ҳģ˳ѣ
ľСһƲĿԶѩģҲϡ
һüͷ壬ӦµڶϴȦҲ
ѩ֮£вݸιʳĸɲҪ˵Ҳ޲ɵģһЦⲻҪЩ򣬳ȥѩɡ˵ţָһƬûлѩĲݵء
ߣʳ˪ݻòġҲǺʲô˶ԵġľңȺ壬
Ҳˣľ˵ȳרΪһ̸ԼҲǲǣһ˫Ҳʿһ
һЩΣһ̯˫˵Եĸǲܴģ֮⣬Щûĸԣ˽ˡ
ľҲͲסһƱ硪
һ۾һľ˵ոʳˮ׵ʹԵĸʳ˪Ķݣ̥˵ĲٰɣҴģȫǽЩһҹĸɲϣУЩ̶ˮʳЩѩδĲݸкβɣԻᵣ
Ժ֮һһЩй鼮֮˵һԴЩǿʶ֮ӣȴҲǹûʣ޷
ľָһһ
ߣһ˫֣Զɽľǡ
æǰסľȰľαһʶ㿴Ƿ̶ϣ뵣Ưأ˵ţľһԡ
ľҲ״μʶһƢŭ֮£޺һۣҲǺһתԶȥ
δľһϲĽ쿴


85 ɽ
ľָȥֻԶɽӦǰ·ķԾӰת˲
һһ࣬ڰѩ֮ϣĿ
ԶԶģͼӥչᣬŲմأѩӹֻһĹ򣬱㵽˾֮¡Զ٣ǿľˣӰһ߳
תۼ䣬üĿɼµϳϣµϵԪӡ䱻𣬽㼸£ǰ
ϳ˫һգͬٿȻ䣬δմأЦ𣺡ԶͿˣ
Ԫ󼴵أ𣬳ƮƮѡ
ϳϵĿ֮⣬ԪӸĵȻ
壬ǺṦľת۽ŵĲ춪ԺֽЦ
ĻǺϳˬʴЦ
Ṧ岻ಮأľԪʩ˵вʧִ硣
ʩһ񣬰ݵϣ֮󣬱㴹һԲҶԡ
һŰݼҲ㵽һԡ
ϳ϶ŵӲ⣬΢΢Ϊ
ԪȴɫͰ˵񣡡
λСҲ׵ģǺǣԪӳ˵ͷʾ⣬ĿӹһʱȻɵ´ŵ
ɵĵӣۼӣȴһ£к֮⡣ϸһòüĿʣڹǿľ磬ҲûơֻǵӲʧͦΣѩУһֳȡ
ԪӰ⣬Ӻ֣죬ӦǼģֻǰδ⡣
ԪעԼһɫ벻Լһĵ£Ҳע⡣
һͺ֣ϰһ¡
ҲһۣӴ鷳˻׳ǿУҲûеӲ۵ġ
һûЩأһ£㣬ѩ¶ڲءȴ֪ЩʢĵӣҲۣȴ滹гۣ滹еµġ已̥ûв庮ġ㣬û˺֮֡ǰú˲죬ˣֲˡ
ԪԼҲһ£䲻˵֣ڹгɲηȴġϳҲۣȻڹԵɡˣƾʲôأ
λƣϵԪӣ֪ԪӰãĿһſʵ
һһҲԴȣϵʲô
ԪЦԭˣһӣв֮Ǻǣ㲻ϵɣһӣ٣ѵΪԪӵݣЩʳڡ
һüһ̧ۿȥԪо֣Цк
ɵ̧ˣһ֣̿һɫ壬
˶Ի˲ĿϳϺʵԺ⣿кβ֮𣿡
ľһԼƽšҪҪż䣬в컹һأֻǼ䵭飬г
²ֻʦֱǳ¶ˡڳϵǰв⣬Ǵ鷳
Ԫַ룬ǺЦƶֻǼֹȣпѣ벻һӣӦоݣ󷽣ɼ鰡
һӶѣõ˿佱ģϳãЦΪϵ˵ûѣû
һõģӵĵУžգҲԪ
ľвޣ̲סһת˲۾ָһʵһΪβۣڴ̱ɣ
ϳҲüͷһ壬˲ͷĵطӳǿɣ治䣿
һпЦҪޱų
һС޸ĸȱʳҲΪƽ壬ʲôأӾˣҲ͵ס⺮ģڿ̱һʼ˫һ̯Ŀ⵭ɨˡƶľ˵ʵϳԪӵ顣
ľһʱҭһ
һɫƽдǣȴҲʵ顣
һȦһ죬벻ʦ꣡⽥
Ǹĳϳϵͷ
һҡͷ˵һϰΪˣϳ黳
Ǻǣȡ֮ع֮֮ȻλͨϲԼССͣΪƷԣʵףԪ̾
һԿԪӣ񣬼ڲԪӾ⣬ֻ¶״
ϳϲԸһŵϵ󹤷򣬴µűûֳأȹ
ľҲҷŹһϳϸ첲ʵ壬ʲôأ
Ṧأϳ϶ľԳӦ
ԪӼһȴҲԼлر֮⡣
ϣƵȣǷСĪԼˣԪӰⲻѣȴ¶ɫЦŶľ˵ٲã˭Ӯң
ľһתЦ绨Ṧ߾̤ѩ޺ۡ׾ʵڷֲӣκΣ
ĪҪΪֶŮˣṦĳϳ˵
ԪҲǺǺһЦϳϵоűƶģ
оűδ֮أĳѽϳϵҲ̹ϡֻľɵоű黯λϵṦвһԼ·
¯ϵľҲ÷ˣĪҪ˺Ⱦƣһˣϳϻδ䣬Ѱ˵⡣
Ǻǣϳǿ˿λСʹ˱ԪӶϳϱӰЦһΩһͷʾ⡣ƽ𣬾ǣƮ֮ʣѵϳ
İѩ֮ϣƬĽӡ
ҵṦʱأŶԶȥıӰľ۲ѡҲĳפ죬þ
ϳԪӵȥһһ
䲻֪ԪΪζԼģһǰ⡣
ֻǣԪһˣ޷ҲҪɳϵӦ޹ǵġ
ӰԶľ»ңͣṦΣһ޹أɴתʯͷϣһ¡
ʦ֣λǰṦǸأ¼һĲɶתߡ
ǺǣʦõṦҲ˵ĸһڷܡ
ֻһڰοԼǹտտ˵СҲ˸߾ṦġĿǰһչˣֵˣ
ģһƬ̣˵ʦ÷ģ˵ȸṦҲϰġ
ġһɷ£¡
ߣԼʲôأӱġ㿪İˣ
һĳԵʣľᡣֻ˵̲ס˵
ֻӶѣʦ˵ľкμ̣һһ䡣
һת䣬ľ΢㵣ŭЦָһ˵һӣƭŮȴС֪֪ԼʲôģϳʩչṦɲ֮أΪµġоű䡯ڳϺŵӲġһ㣬Ҳߣ
ľ²ΪԾЦŨŭ䲻ָ˵Ī˵Ṧһŵӣ޻Եġ
¶ľƢҲ˽⣬ֱ֪ڿ죬Լ޶⡣ֻһ˿ʧ䣬˵ľǣС֪֮ġ
һǰľδֻ˿£˵ʦ𣿡
æƵƵף˵ʦֵģ߶£һЦĿԶɽ
һ̫Դˣ֮ƭ˵װģľҲŭ䲻䲻ҡ
Բǰˣ޺Բʹļ׵˵ԼСģԾڴˣΪ֮
ҡ¶һ˿ңľʦ˹ڣֻԺʦֲ׿һ¶ε顣
һʾʦãȥɣ
Ǳ˶£һ죬ȴ͸ϲã΢򥣬һַԼһ΢æ֣ȥ
ƵԶ䣬һưӹ


86 
ʤѩУء
续УƥȤֻһԶŵһĿ⵭Զį
Լ˴ѹȥ¡һ밲ݡҲԸԳƾ书ѲɽӵУھֵԵʣ󣬱ɻתšˣ书ͬʱȰһھҷݲ¡
¸ǲֹһΰʾھʦҪùӡ
ÿÿˣһֻܹҶرܽ˵ĺ⡣Լȥھ֣ɵӲˡ
ⳡѩɵӳεӣҲˡ
ܽƱãҲɹȥΣԺֻӳ֮һ뿪֮ʱһ·棬ҲƱҪ̤ңԶ;
һӣҪıΣһҲȥֻܼӦƶˡ
һ򽯷ؼദֻǣһԶеˣǰˣҲֻУ
һ΢̾һ˳«һڡҵľƲ¸ͷɸʦƵģĿһͣһ㡣ãһڣк«Ħ¶Ц⡣
ڶ֮еһȴüͷ壬Ŀȿȥ
ȿڴӿһȺʮ֮࣬δʩչṦڼ۶
һĿѣЩ˽ŵӣ仹ߡ
ЩѩǱṦأ
һԶɵ˼תĥЩ⡣ҲԼǻȥΪá
мƽϣһ£ƥ뿪
˽תмһԶ
Ǽʮͷˣ㣬磬⼸˽ڿգչṦסѩ֮гһŵӣͷһɫ΢ƾһתӰɣһǰĿյϡ߷׷׸תۼ䣬˱㵽һ
һΣֻܵ׶
Ǻˣڴ
һ̧ȥ˵ӢüԼ
һڴһƽ
ʴ֮ʱ߲ϣʱ׷
ʦṦ߳һҵ㾡ȫҲв
δڳУһҦƼˡ
ƼЦʦһȭһǺٺһ֣ԵҦ˵Ҧʦ֣㿴˭
ܷӿѩһϡ֮䣬ʮӣһǰĿյ֮ϡ㲻˻ֹ
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Ƽǰһʦ߼˱ȭЦʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֣ʦֵṦΪνŵ̳ѽʦֶʦҲ·ʦʦǣ岻ѡ˵˵ǲ˰
еڶ࣬仹мλòŮӣ͡УȵһǰˣӦǳߡ
ʦ΢Ц˵λʦʦ⣬˴ڴȣδֳΣҽǰУΪмᣬ˴΢ɺԲƵġ
ʦ࣬һǷĵӣָŻƼЦﶼԼˣƫƫƼɣ
ƼֱЦʦǰСҲĻǵڵһЦ
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ƫƫ˹עһδ߳߳
Сӣ˭ߵģ
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ҦӸǲǰĿ⿴˲䣬ֻ֣֮ǵضץסԼԼ͸һɽٶѹԼ·˫ȲֻĤϵơ
һĿ䣬ɨˣ΢̾һתǰСԼͲסŭ𲪷֮ʣתӿƳڵӣʶ˲Ҧӡֻ˻̴оѣ̵һգʶҲ漴ջأתһ˿һϢ
һŭҦӵͬʱҲԺڣɣĹǰ׷ˣ
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Զǲֻ֮࣬ԼڹõԵɡ̬һ׷׿Ҧӡ
Ҧǽѣجһ㡣
ԼôˣѲʹֽţҦӲԳҡͷڹļЩƫӦˣԺҪʦѵѭ򽥽ΪáæЦ޷ģʪѡ
תһ˵ĻҦӴһվס
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Ҳѡ
˻䣬λȻ˫ƵһƬӰȻ
½ҲæӶסŷŵԾԾԣֻϰһ֣ӵǰһٽǱ뷿еĲ֮ͣ
Ʒءһ죬رһӵΧɢεмһƬǽ壬ȴްӰ֡
һգһΣľǽ֡侲ӣãѸֻ͵΢΢ҡڡ
һƬžͻȻƷ֮Ȼ
æȴֳֵֻͨĺӣѵڵϡÿ˵ӡôһѪѪ
½ֽűĪײ˲ɣϤԼġлȻ֮ʣƶҲֻбܵסˡ
ΣкǺֶΣֻηηβ͵Ϯ֮٣ڼˣΪͬݣ˿ݺὭʮ꣬ҲûǰΣһִδйľͷԲԵ˵˼仰󣬱ϢԴ
ֻˣ֮ԷĪ֣ʲôͬ޴ֻ֣׸
չǰâյ֮ϣȻһꡣ
ߣＤ𣿡
һ½һ
յϣһüĿʣǹЦģһ
ڳԺУһȲѳֽѵ½֮󣬱Ļɵðġ
ֻǴţָ߹˶ѣδйɣദҲǢ
ԱĵȴҲսթ֮ˣһ书ǿҲǸĺ飬ֵֻĿġǽһֵ
˭˵ֵܣ
½ͬ˸һֱǲὫ֮ưոݣ¶
½öֻ֪ǴµǼ仰˵ģǰ֡
Ϊˣһ½Ҳ£֮ʣ䳹Ʒȴݿ飬Σ֮С
ҹ֮һʶ½һ·β
һʩչʼո½󡣱;£ȴٹأһ̽
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ߣһĺܡ˾Ȼǲ׺ĸϴ͵Ϯľ߱Ǵˡ
˶ԻһЩɵıƣ飬ʶҲһֱδ
ֻǶһʱҲ쳣öļƲߣ
ˣգ뿪֮ʱҪǱ̫ϳϸڳԺУܲӵõ˵أĴȫҪա
һôΪŭҲңҿ˶˵ıȻҪȦ֮С
ҲܣҪңҪҴӦӦ
ͷϣǳ̫󶯾һȳɱŵĺӡ
½ʦ֣벻㾹Ȼǲ׺ڼ䣬Ⱑһ鵭ĮЦ
λСֵܣϷ죬ְΪ׺︱֮λδı棬֪ǳð֮Сֵܼ£һᣬȴȳȣڲ֮ʣɱԼ¡һ룬Լ㣬ܶùȥһʱԷĵϸֻȺסǰˡ
һĿɨ½ڱϣ˵ɱľɵŮҪıɣ޹ءڼ䣬ѰһҲ̹ɵĸְɱң๼Ҳȼƽˡֻǣԩ޳֪ǺˣǾҡĪǣˣܲɣ
ϳɾϲŭɫһ˵ɫҲѿɱԼҲˣС֪ԼɱľģǱľ֪ɱŮǲ׺֮ν˺Ƥһ޿ɱ⡣
ɰԣΧɽҲԣڶɿԽƣҲΪСǲ׺̡
ɲ׺ɱ˼Ů鴫󣬽ͬ᲻ݲ׺Ϊʱ׺ｫľ֧
ǿʵǰ׺֮գԶˣ
Ŀ˸ȭϷд󣬻һֵܡǰ֮ϷˣֵԣҲ׺ıͬЯ֣˴˻ݡΣ
˵أһüһڷʵ
ҡͷ΢̾ϧˡδ䣬оһȵֻɱ㡪αһƳ
һˣŰɵѱֻɱˣΪȷѡ
ȫһƳһؿڡ
⿪ʯһƣԽԷĳࡣ
ۿƱҪӡһؿ֮ϣ첻ϲֻһɴӿԼһڶԷȭͷ֮ϡ
ءһ죬ұ۹ꡱһʹϮ룬ڿն𣬱ǽȥ
䡪
һ죬ǽѱҴ˸󶴣챻һȭɣǽ
ڣҳ𡣽һӰǽܳת˲ʧ
챻һȭɣ½Īܣڻ֮ǽ
ǽ⣬Ӱˣһ½²ͣ⼲
ȫ֮£Ϣ½˼Уת۱ɽ֡
½ԽңڻҳĿһԼ룬ֻҪɽ֣ɱݡ
ۿֻҪһ·ֵ֮У½ֻòһڿն𣬱ֵ˻ȥźݺݵˤڵϡ
½ҺһһѪѩϡɫ£ѩһƬں졣
һˤüأ½ֻû壬λѪӿһѪ˳
ǰһӰ½Ҳ֪˭
һͬȣԼûӵΪʵָǿҲǿĸ֡һ޵ľ֣޲Ǿʮ˭뵽һһӵӣ٣ñҲһϡ
˵ҵѵҵˣϡһ½
½ȴ̧ͷſڣС䡱һཻǰһڣһͷѩС˵ĻҲһֻأ
ѩϵ½ѱʬףͷһں죬ѩϵѪһƬѩѪڣΪĿ
½ἰԼĵѴһ䡣
˭õԼ½ȡ
Ǳӵõ졣ӵ
ѩϵһͬһع¶ˣȻӰٿȻһԭӰ


91 ׷ɱ
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һģӰʱңʱҷѩء
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ұ۴࣬ʹİڶţһʹϮҧǿֱ̡ѹϣǵòʱҽΣֻˡ˲࣬ҧ佫ұ˩䣬߾ȫǰɱ
ֻӡӡӡ
ȫӳһ
Լһвһȭ֮һֱۡԼɳȣвãݺὭʮ꣬ҲľˡĪһսνһͿأ
˾Ǻ˵Ŀ£
ǽ֮ʱ֪δأǿӿѪ˲ڵ½ȫȥ
һĹ·󣬱Իȴһæͷȥ
׷ӰֵֻļŨ
˫۾ڽԼ

һҵ˱졣
ɱ½֮ͻȻʶеıӰûˡҲ˵һ֮⡣Ǹ֣Լֵǽҳ˾ܽӶݡ
Ҫ֪ɱʨãȫһɽϰ̣֮ʱҲϰգҲһɷͬˣܴѱɼһߡ
һԼǴˡ
ǳ˼϶ȥڱ½Ķ̶̹˱ӵûӰˣɼṦ֮ٲ׷ϣֻҲ׷ˡ
һʩչɫ£һƼֱϡ
һ·һȫչʶУշ˱Ӱת֮䣬ӰûˡֻʧӰķ򣬲Ƕϣϡ
һ²ͣ׷˹ȥģӰֳʶ֮С

ȫ֮£޽ˮת˲ӭ溮紵ûֱ۱ϣҲܵ𶯣һŲиʮ·ֻؿڶҪըļµı

ˣһδ㾡ȫɳ۹ںתһ㵭ɲĹâȫеӰǲƬ
ʱһûйȥʩչʱȴһֲմ̳Ʈݡ

һľ
ԷѩϲźۼĿ񱼣ÿһԶŲմأṦǸľɵоűȣҲֻѷһֲԼһ·׷˶ʮſ׷ϡ
ǰһСɽȣйһׯԺ
첻ҵһХ𣬻ҹա
ХҹɫеׯԺʱƻҡҷӰζ
ףԶԼӰȣꡡ֪Լܲˣһ·ǰĵط
ׯԺĸǽǰһݣǽ
׷ǰһһֱ֣Ʈ𣬽Ժǽ֮ϡ
Ժǽ֮ڣյյԺͨʮֱֳ커ڵ䡣
һиҲֲסһѪ
˭˲׺ϰ
ǽͻȻֵӰһæҡ
ҵĲһվȣ𵶿̰գ͸Ųɣ˵ϷҲʮ֪꣬ç֮䣬о˴ڡֻܹұĳ顣ԩ׽ⲻ׽ᡣֵһ·׷ᣬĪҪĳ죿Ҳޣͱأ
߰ڣԣǽ֮ˡ
¹£òɱ棬ĵҲͦΣȴԵõȴᣬʮģ
Ǵ˴˱ţһ·׷ɱˣ
֮⣬ԴΪɵɻ󣬸
ڸǽ֮ϣһ˫֣⡣ͷбЦһ˵Ҳ޳ޣȴıҡֺ֮ҡұڳΧɱָ˭˵ȥأ
ӸµĴǰԺ䣬һ˵ͱ˵㣬ң񾡵ĵҶߣ
˵ţסеŭһһձɳΧɱĪΪɱңº֪ԭίͬŹ㣡׺ﲻұգŭңǲ׺ǳˮҪΪ˸ۣ
֣ӲǷǣʼսС΢ˣǱ۵ͷϣҹһɱ
ڽУȴڽ֮⡣еһһ޹أֻԶУΪһֱ̡̲ζһûѪԣ׺ȻҲʵ
ߣҲ˶۸㣡㲻֪ߵغŲָ̣߾ҲѳɴһһͬһǶ⣬һ죬ס
׺Ҳʱ˲ãֻǲĪΪС˭ԷƣһתҲʢµΪԼжʮ£ǽһ֡Եúѵ֣񻢻Ⱥǡ˭Цδ֪أ
ŭ֮£ٹ˲ࡣһӣʮӣΧ˸ԲȦһʱ֮䣬Ժڵɱڡ
һüһЦǺǣ̣޿֮ʱһ̡Σȱ޼ɵңЦ
󳤽һбָ·ˣһֱһ񣬽ˡһը죬ҫ۹â²̧ƾ̤һ㵽ͷ
˵ľһԽжߣҲ֪жҲֻ֪˶δ۸٣
ŵĿնһ¹⻪ĽâֵıѪɫһ£ͰָŶԷѿڶ㡭޵Ĳ
ԣһɫһ䣬ٲΣ˲䱬ɱڳÿһˡֻͷһظѹȽֹס֧š
˵޵ʲôһޱıһ䣬һ̤˱졣
һϵѹӭз࣬˵ȴҲҲ˵ܲܡԼãȴ֧Ųסͨ˵ϡ
һԳأתʶˣܽΪءˮУˮףһˮֱӻɱ㣬ȴΪˮƣԳ֡ɽУܣ֮ΪѹҲʿΪֵһơ
һһգһᣬȴ̻ʧ룬Ĵ
˵һӰ£æԣΧ
۾һգɶˣһ죬۾־ȫޣ͸Żң˵޵ɵ
Է˵꣬һ˫üٿȻС졣һףСĴؼýмһˣΧ󷨵ĵ䡣
һƽضֻǰһߵׯ԰ԺǽľѩؽԲˣֻ°ããһƬأ߼ʡ
âޣأһűʵ㻹֪ʲô


92 
ܣʮԭأ״һһ䣺Ҫ
һĬ俴ŶԷ
ή٣̾˿εĵͷ˵Ȼ㣬ʲô˵ġҲ׺λڶ֮к⡣ǰ洬;籩żһѡǸϣдֻϵԳڡ֮ʱִ֮ͬȭһսУȭ֮ˣʹɽܵСҵҲ۽磬֪ˡ
ҵ۲ѣڵ̽䡣֪֮⣬ɵɵ֮ˣ֮ΪߡЩ֮ԶҲֻ֪˵Զ̹֪м֮ң
شţȥе;˵δŹҲŰÿʮһΣɵӳԶΣұ뺣ɽйء˭볤ϣ˭֮ܣ˭ֲЦ˼أ
Ҳ׺Ϊʧ䣬Ϊݡǽ·ҵֺοأҲ׺ҲǴɣһҶ𡣿ǣΪˣȻ֪һ߷Ĵڣ˭вȥһ־ľأ
ΪҵҪԵģһգҲ޺
ֵͣôƾʹˣ书ܻҪˮɵġżȣĳˣ书ġ书ʱҲ㣬ɾֵܡ
ֵǱھɽĿģö֪ƾҶǿԲ²һġֵܼȻ֮ˣǳѽĴڣҲǳԽ׵ĴڣʴˣֵͼɡǺǣֵҲҪ˳紬ˣ
һ˵ô࣬δϢ΢΢˿һ̾Ϣҵµӵ棬˵ôֻ࣬ǲĿЩҲ޹ϧ̾
㷽ŵֶΣҲ˵Ӧ˵󷨡ˣʤΪΪܣǿʳҵȽΪ⣬ֻ㵶޼ˣ
콫˵꣬תһһ䣺ֻŹЩ£Ȼ
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˵ĲԽҲڽ
˵ֻһ·ˣһɵ·ˣ
㲻ʶңҲʶ㣬Ҹû㡣
Ҳͽе飬סҡ
һ̾Ϣ
һ΢紵
ׯ԰ڣƻͨɣ
վãµãȻĹˡ
һûɱһˣ¼仰һ̾Ϣ뿪ˣ
絶̵գ΢΢鴤ϲҲǣ

һɱˣȴδɱִеˡ
ǻ֣룬༤һɵĳɱԷ֮ҲδػŹЩ׺ĵӡ
ɱžΡʣִУȴ²֡
ɱˣΪԼ鷳
ɱˣһҿ϶ԺܲȴǾıӰ
һˣΪ׷ߵľֶΣؽ䶯д
Щ󷨶޻֮һһɱмΪ֮
򵥵ɱ¾ԽΣԵɱֻܴ֮Ҳ˵Ϻ
һգȥˣҲ޺
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׷ɱԷȴԷһϯǶ֮ġ
֮ģҲ˽֮
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ش򷨱Դ޵ġ޵ģ˳Ȼ
ȻɱޣɱգɱҲգ
һڷмۣӰȽȽ̣εķ磬ѩԭɽ֡

½ʧˡ¸õĵǣ־벻ԣɽԵ÷ƽ˾
һ֪ⶨǲ׺͵͵ʬסÿնڳԺУжգҲû鷳
ŵʱһܿ¶ˡ
ǵҲ

ůɹ˶պ󣬳ԺУѩȡ
Ժڿյϣȭϣһףбڲݶϣȭ
ãϵȭʵȭϳСʦ˸ָһգʤһ˿ꡣϵǲͬʤǰҡͷԵһԸпš
ЦѼӣж죬˴ţ㻹ɶ
ͷһС۾һ˺һ˵ǲˣϸ첲ȵģҲˣˡʦ׳ԺʦʦڣҲòĳġ
ϣͷһ
һƣһʮأ͸ҳˣҲ㣬𣿡һļ˼Ĳݶ⣬򶡣˵ұۣѧǲСӺʹƫƤӡȭҲ죬ΪȭֻǿѧɡϰǼڹʦҲƽûҵЩˡʦܸһȭʹŻȭ׻½ζɶأţ
½˶һֵҹʧˡһ֪ȴ˵Լ˶Ź֮㷣ҲҶԡ
Ӧ޸пҺĥȭģ
׺һһ䣺㲻ϻ𣡡
Ϊ⣬ͷ˵ȭҲ˵ģ
צŲԸлĺ͵ز׵֡
׺ٺЦһҹʱ˷纮أ
Ųأ򷴼һ䣬һɣʵҰҹҲţ
С۾ҲһɣһƲм˵ÿҹô󶯾㲻˯۳𣿻ҹèӽأ²˰ɣ
ҾҶˣզʡû룬е˸ӱƵģڴ塣һ֣׷Цģ§Ǹů͡
˶ûûˡ
һԵһɫŵЦ⡣½ֵ˶ȭȤҲ˽Ӧָ˵ȭֻȭеβ
һȭɵȭУͬϸ΢֮Ķ׿Ҳ⣬ԸͷУֻԸѧ
һ˼Ϊֻʦܵȭõġÿղһȭڷܲꡡ


93 
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˵һ뿪öδؼҿȫҶΪɵл˵꣬ʮˣһϾʱȥһˡ
һż㣬ƵƤӡߴСӣ߷ƵѣʵᣬҲů͡еӣһҡͷ
ʱ˶ɽУʦʦķڣǷ񸲣ûСУ常һһ𣿴ʮ˰ɣи
ʦܡ⴫׵һʰͷĶ˳ȥ
һۣϴϲһ˿ȥ
Ժڣûֵ̫񻰡򶡣һߡֻº򿴼ҡ
ɽׯǰˡĿϲɫԶҲЦ档ԭҲҪȥй䣬˱һȥ
ÿѲɽ𣿡һߵĽʵ
ذڰ֣Ͷ֮䣬˷ݳȣ˵ÿй°ˣ
ԶҲЦŵͷ͡
ŵӳڼû˵ʲôأһ⡣
Щŵʲô£ûʲôôġҡͷ˵
һһ˿ǡ
ЦĴӺ˵ҳԺȴйϵ
ﶼԼ׵һЦŪ˵ԾвأʴˣӳҪСλ˵˵ǳԺ޹ϵأ
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ȻҲһ䡣
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겻ģҲ˰ɣС۾һתЦŽ˵ĪʦԶУ
кβ𣿡һЦŷʵ
Цҡͷ˵кβ׵ģֻҪһ࣬·;ġԺУûԸȥġ
һ²ͣüһ˼˵ŵӳΣתˣ
ôأŵÿγΣûи꣬ǻزİɣԴ漴ЦǺǣ˵ǳǵ˵طҪתģʼո档
һüһĬĬĵͷ

һ·ϣ˵Цͣ
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⹷Ǵ󲹰Ես򻢡Ǻǣ״£æ˹ȥֻȡָһֺͣǺ˵𶬾ƺǲǰ죬궬ʱܺȣһֻһأ
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һĿ£꣬Ȼĵͷ
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ӭһȺӣصæһܣͷȴһ
ӹһӺ˳
ʦܣһ۵Ĺ㲻ˣѰأغʵ
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ڼй˰ʱһ˱ͷתȥ·ϣһߣÿܴʡ
ʲôһδ롣Ϊһֱĵתң
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ȺУһһ·İɽ
ʱһƬʮ޴˲ȼĻܳɸߣյͨ·£硣
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һıȳԸЩȺУǿǾŵӣȼĳʩչṦ۵糸һ㣬ݱšֻµľӲİ
Уһϳˡֱŵ볤ϵӡһһһü
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ЩӣӦһٮٮߡӻĳ̣ɿÿṦĸߵ뼾˵ĻЮŷƲĿľĻСЩ
Х£ΧžŴŸ޴Ļ𻷳ɽţеܣ飬ƺƵ
Զפվڳϡ
⺢ӾѦ϶ľԹһ䣬۹ȴСɵĻţϲ⡣
ľЦľɵŮüǺǣ
һԵϵӦЩУΪɫģʱգضʤ
ľЦˣѾͷ̰ԣʱʱ侯ѣʵڿ쵽ˣ׼ˣ
ŷģ½׼׵ɫص
˱ãǲģľϸĿ΢
ž죬ĻյʢͬһѰѳҹա
ŸãƶȻըٿȻһϣһβνӼΧһΪ޴Ļ𻷡
ת˲ͻ¾ХڿԾ𣬻䣬ƾжף죬ա
ڰպȻףȻһ죬ŷҫ۵Ĺâ
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94 
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յĹӿ۴̻Ի͡
λߴľλϣߵʦ֮󣬲Ÿڴ֮ϡ
ľվһԡᣬֱվλĶʮŵӡ
ľִ³ŵӣݹλ̫ϳϡ
мǳϣ̧۴ˣ˵ձǶ³ڡʱⶳݳʼؽ̩ҾɽȺ̧ףʱ仯ݺĺ֮ҵӳΣʱ֮ڱӣǰ;̹ϷԲ꣬ƽ
̫ϳľǰһӣʩ
ǳ˵꣬۾΢գٲˡ
ľɻתüϸĿо˸ɽ΢΢ף˵ϳϳЯžӢһ̣

ľ´żԺһæǰݼ
Ц濴ǰ鹧ˣľΪͷ˵ӳ̣ԺҲҪ˲£ɳСѡһ˼ݳɣ
ֻҪһ˼ԦһԼܣ
һĿ⣬ľĽơƤִ¡ɨ
ж֮⣬ɫ̹ȻƤִǰһԼ˵˴γУ·;ǳ˿ɵΡľҳԺԼ书ǿĽмݳһˣУ˭ȥ
Ƥִ¼ҡͷЦԾ񣬱ľָˣ
ˣȥһƽ˵æʵʦҪȥ
һ΢ЦʦֵУΪףҲ棬ȥľ¹һ񣺡ľ³ȫ
ľ϶Цݣһ˫۾Ķһɨˣ˵飿
ҡͷƤִ´һۣľ˵һףĥ֮ʱ²飡
ɡ
ѭȥľĽһӡ
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Ķһη壬ýֻѿڣǰڲѡʦܵﲻ𰡣
һüͷһһŽƣʵʦ֣кβɣ
ľҲüͷһ壬ԶŲףԼɲýί
ʦƽաΪ࣬ʦܵģЩ״Σ֪ΪΣһһƳ⡣
ԼԷŵİѱٲұ˼æľ¼ЦЦүľ£һףԶʵףڵʹ͵ģ
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λֳҲౣء
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һֻӥڸ߿ʱ߿
ʦܣ»ˣʵ˱һȣ֪ض¡
һ磬ҪŵԶСһˣ˵
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һ΢̣ĿƽĿˡ
Զ£СʵĪǣֵܴӴ˺ա
һֱϸ˼ĶһȦ
Цݣʵֵܣ㻽ҵˣǴ𣿡
һ̾һ˵ͷҽãһۡһ𣬺ڡ
Զ̾һͷæַһͷŵʵʦܴԲ飿
һҲĽصֱۣ˵ձҪ뿪ɽ뿪λѡһвᣡֻǣԼ·Ҫߣ
˫棬һߵǰ˵ʦã㣬𣡡
ʣæ˵Сʦֵģ
һͷ˵˵һ죬ʦҲǸ߾Ṧ˵ţӻͳһĲӣԽԶʾҲеĲӣ⼸ղ¼õģϰ
½ӹӣĿ⣬漴ϲ뾪棬ѴīĲؿڣʧоű䡯µṦоű䡯
ԶæΧŲӹۿīµģϸĲ빦˵۹⿴ֻṦŻĲ빦
Ƭ̺˴ӲϣĿ⣬һ
һ΢Цлõģ޸Ĳȱ˹㲻ɣ
ľṦһУֻ㲻ɡеģ
˹м⴫ڣҪΪСġⲻͨŵϰġоű䡯ҪǱųϣŲǰǣһˡ
ŻȻæ˷ܶ˵⹦ʦʦõģʦҪպˣ뿪֮ϰ٣
ԶҲͷΪף
̧Ŀעһ
ʦ֣ǰ;Ī⣬ҪౣأĪ¡ˣ
ղߺ죬ȴκǣ


95 Ǳ
Ƴϣس⣬ˮߣ㡣
һͷһºӱȭʶڣ
ºɫư´ˣݹһƣӹϸæ˫ַأǿ˵
˱һһ·һʱŴӾɽϵسǡ
һשСԺˮϡ˴Ƕïľ
糾͵һï㵣漴¶Цݣ͡
һҲףյһ
ձҪԶУس˴У˳֣֪кνңһвյĿ⾼
ïӵСԺ˵ȣ徻
ĬĬĵ˵ͷï¶ĵЦݣ˵ֵңĳο֪ɵӳΣУֵ֮⣬ˣ
һЦ
Զһ£ï˵ϴͷϣĳֵϣºĳ⣬ֵҲȻŰϣǽģĳΨֱ֪ʶɵӣֵΪ֮ʴˣֵһɵӴ磬в֮ʱҲóȻϡֵܲǰӣԶǰϦĳĳҲ֪޲ԣ
ïΪһ˱衣лġ
ɵӳΣ·ߡһһϣһһף߰ɽأɭ֣ɳ޲ԭſɵﾩǡ;ǧɽ·᫣Ұ޳ûɧϮ߼ѡ
Уسˮ·˳ˮǧǼݣʯϰ½·ǧݣֱﾩǡ֮·֮·ǧ·̡ȴˮ·ͨҲ̹;һ·ߣǱС
ִﾩǺ󣬿̹һӣˮˮ£Ҷݡݡݣºݱͨˡ˼壬ͨԶãã򡣡
ֵ֪Уߵ𣿡ïͻȻһ䡣
һסï˵ĵЩǶеĵͼԣЦҡͷ
ïҲЦˣ˵ЩӦڻܣֵ֪ܲҲƽֻǣ֪ģȴ֪
һʣЦ˵ŰԴգȴκεĶݴ˲ѱɴУ߶·ɡе·ߣȴԱܿڶ཭ɵĿš
·УȴĿ֮¡£бס߷򣬲Ѵ⣬˵ġˮ·ⲻ˱ŰƣĳȴڰŰ׼ʱˡڶɣĽ֣Ȼϡ
ֵܣмѣҪСİ

һӶïľ뿪سǶȥ䣬·ϡ٣塣
ïһϯһǳⶡïҲˣ˶ĳμ棬䴦³ȣϵ˹۸в
سһŴ˲ǴӶ֮ˡ
£֪һڽɣȴֻǸӣ㲻Ľˡڽ£֪֮١Զǰָһ档
Ӷïе֪ɵһһСŷԶƾδ֪ı

ڼ𣿡һվںɼҵԺ⡣
ԺϷһյӳյǰһƬﻧУɷۡԽͰԺǽԿڵĵƹ⡣
һϸɵӰͥԺϸĽŲһ˭ѽԺŴ򿪣¶һŰ𪿡εСǣһ΢㵣ʱתʣһѽִأ
Rॡڴص죬űǺɼеĳ»ЬӣԺǰһסһ˫֣´ͣüĿžϲ˵ֵܰɰѺĳඣңˣ
ɽһ֣šϲ衢׼
СЦɶ仨ӦͣһȰ裬ѱɳӡ
ʰϵͭ裬һҲϲɫһ
һæѺɣˣ
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ǺǣףԼˣһŹ˵ϴЬӣ˵ֵɫҴңм£ܲܶϼ죬Ҳ㣡
۹ⲻͦ׼ֻǲ²һ⣬ôˡ
ˣձҪԶУǰеģԺһңһֱ档
ֵ˵ʲôҪȥδʱܷأЩżæʵ
һǸ˵ͷżɺϡǵڡһΪ֮Ԫ۶ʮһˣ֣ںһҾҲӲǰ˼£԰գʩһ
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ɼĪȦ죬ʵԪۻкˣ˵Ԫû䣬ɢ𣿡
֮һͷһȣһᡣ벻ɶ˾أ˸пԼ´УԪвԼ⡣
һ˵ԪɴУӸ֮УڿԪۡ츣ͽܣʮһˣʱգܳԪ۵δҼ磬һиӣдҲԪ۵ĹС⣬̫ƽھԬ복ҽáЩˣԺ¿УУŵӽءԶҽҲ
æּ˵ˣֵҪʲôôͬźһ㣬ޡų죡
һȻһЦҡͷ˵˵ҲɣձҪɽԶУ֪ʱܻתҼ֮ͬ꣬Щ˵һİ
㻹Ҫҹɽţ·أҹҲ·ģУһߣҼզ죿ɵҲˡ
Ϸִڣļңֵ𻰣
һ΢Ц˵ˣҪ̣ѣֻÿһʱſһбȿܵûҪ
ִ磬ȳЩɣ
һ㣬βסϲһһǰ
ҲĿȰǰһ˶
һһ£ȥ澬ð͸ζ
һ¶ǣס꣬ɫ˵лˣһл˵һӻͳӣɢī㣬ǽո¼ġ
Ըϰ䣿һʵ
۹ڵϴ˸Ȧһ˵ҲŲΪʦأɱɱģŮΪ
Ŀ¶ʧһ书ףһʱܱһ˺Ȼܵ䴫һ£ǲŮľؼңҲǻ¡
һͷźһ˵һҩӣһ׽һڹķһṦĹԸϰΪȥԺԪ۵츣СĴɽṦתڡмɽ⴫ˣ
ɫصĽӹӡҲȻ˶ӹüĵҲ֪⼸ӵĹءǲ֪ǣϲ书δĽУҲһλ֣
һĻѾ˵֪꣬нһ΢ЦԺ˵
ɽ§żӣȻ˵ĳһҵֵܺ࣬౨֮һްֻǲֵ֪ܺʱת
ȥ·;ңң죬ء
һԺһ΢Цͷʾ⣬ϹâһȻʧȥӰ
Ŀɿڴֵܡ
ĿԲĹˣִˣҲˣ
죬һͷϵĻУ޵ֻи硭


96 
һĨף׹ХУɽдһ
ʮǰ棬滹һС
ĳϣһ˫ִţ˫ĿƱգС

¶ڵһ졣
ɫδǰݣһ뿪˾ɽ
γﱸѾáܹעĵӳΣδԤеʦڣյ峿ȻУʼ̣

뽯ص˵ᡭǺӻȦС滨ӡ

Сܱۼݳأ
һңңͷǽ޵ݣٻԶȥ
֪ǱۣһͷҲص˵
һԵԪӡϵ׼䲢ڳǰ滹ͽܡ
һĳֻľ䡣һЩСɵϻʯмˮҸһװڳϡЩ̫أճһطԪࡢԪҲѧʦģڳʡȥ˰Ͷ١
һԪӱ޶УȴͲϵԼмӣֻܰģСϹԷֻϵŭ֮£ԼԶһЩ
СӣԦҲԤϣֻĳ򣡡ԪӶһΪ裬༤ֻ΢ɲЦһڵעǰ
һģϵǸ
ߣһλĹúôڼͽܣȴҵϲͷ¶ޣҵһ༥
㡭Сӣɷǰ˾ȴһ˼һʱᣬԪ˵˶Ի֪ûбͽȻ޴ˡ
һ
ǺǣСӣһ㳵ˣ;ϵ㣬Ҳ˼įѽԪһ۳룬ֱͦˡ
һ۾һ
ǰһɽƼԦݳѧƽｿģ֪вףҲģ
ƵװϺõʯ泵ϵͬ޷ֻǳǰǻƼ룬̸Ц
˵Ƚֱϳϡľʦ㡢ʦּҦӡڵȶʮһˡһƳϵˣһʮˡ

·ԵɽһƬҰףɿݵ֦˲˪
һ󺮷֦衣飬
һͣ㣬һʱնЩů⣬ǣڰ
ãǺǣĶ£˵ĺ䣬ϵĲװ
Ԫֱͦһ硣ڹٺãҲͲסôõ˹еյů⣬ϵҲ¶Ц
һţΪԪƳһۣʵСʲôڹ˵ͺϵҲʤһأ
ʱûѴҲڹ˼¾ͿԵģһĳһ䡣
СӣĿ𳤣ʦôģԪӲ˵
ʦˣ˼Ҳû̹ңôӦԾϲ֮ˣһһ䲻ã䶷
Ԫҡͷ˵Сӣʶء棬üĿ㣬Ǹ޵˲šϵǶ㰮ϧмӡ벻ΪʦԪӵĸͽʤ⳵ǧٱأΣ
˭Լϯм㣬ͷݣֻԼΪͽ𣡻Ǽͬˣ̽
һʱ䣬ԪҲֲԼıˡ
͡һЦˡ
ԪЩҲסˣתŭЦʲô
һһƲ˵û£
˵ʲôûΪͽԪȷû˵ĶԻ˵˵˭£û£ɵĳҲû£ĪŲ𣿡
˵ţԪĿһȻЦСӣĪ֢ˣҪΪͽ㻹⳵򣿡
һ۾΢գζţһ䣺ȻʦȻҲģ
ԪԣЩ˵Сӣܿѽϵ㿴ҲͰˣɵҲⲻǿˣŰȴ֪ϵûʦģ
ҲûʲôͬɣΪϲ𣬽ԼɵᲢۣƹн֮ϵĿأһ˵
СƤӹϬģ˵֮⣬㻹ʲôԪһ죬뼤ŭһûȴԷ仰ֱӡ
һǺЦұͺ޵֮ˣ֮ηɺģȻأ
ԪӲˣǺǣһҲ֮⳵򲻼򵥰Ϊʦˣ
һ۾һһң
Ԫ۾һɣ˿кβңϵʮ꣬Ҳ֪֮ůɱ䣬Ωů֮ˣ丣೤ǰ֪ǫɽҲ
һ˵챡Ըӭ֮ΣԲ֮֮ͨҺգϵʮ֪꣬õһ
Ԫһ޵ѵиΪ͵αһëͷС˽ѵŭЦǺǣСҲĪҪҰΪʦأΪ
һ۾һһƲ֮겻⣬ͽܣҲգ
Ԫֻһǿʶ֮ӣȴҲ棬޿ɱ粵һ򣬼ںߣҲ֪˶ĵϵǳˣת˲ž˵⳵򣬵г׵أϵΪ찡
ϵҲСΪҲܾѽһĵĻһ䡣
һˡȻҲ¶ֻǸʦ꣬һ׼㲻ҲˣſҲܺŪ䡣ʦƵ׷иʦһԪӶҲã۵Ҳգ·硣


97 
ʱ֣һԼĪ·̡
Ѱһ紦ЪϢ
һոʰ˹ЩΪѵ˵ʦܣݳѣжͷȴף㿴ܲܡ
еŵӣһƶˣ˴˰ҲӦ֮⡣
;ЪϢʱҪӳԯжƥƼݵ׺õ׳жЩּĻƣֻһֽ̡
·;ңԶԵʵ˴г̣үں棬ҲǳԲ˶ߡ
һŽжƥһƵϸæĵлʦܣоʦֵͬУ˴Ҫհнŵ̲ұܣֵҲˣЩţ·ϻ࣬ӣҲЩ
˵ţƱһһ
һҲƴǣӹִ˻С
ľǮٵġҲѧˣЩŵӸҲֻһ˵仰ʦ׽үȻŹᡣ
һصԼԣһڵϣ˾ƺ«
ԶԪʦͽΧһŸͽòӢĽԪ࣬ɫԺڵĽԪ硣ΪʿԵʣֵԸ߰ȴż档
ԪΪһɹɵӳΣҲֻªͼԼչԼˡ
Сιֻأϵﱸйɣ㻻ƺأԪ˲죬ʮ㳤ʴȵģ
һ«һڣҲԪʦͽҡͷ˵
ԪԤϣΪЦЦһԵͽŭ⡣
ɽľһδЦ𣺡˵
ԪȻһЦеĹ˵ϳ⡣ǰ;¶Ϊƽгкȵģϵ⡣ֻǸ鷳ˣ
ϳľʦ㣬ԪмӡڴҦӵˣҲϵ
Ԫй⣬Цϳϣҽͬ·ˣ˿ףǼˡϵƾ
ԪͣΪ⣬øСϳϴЦǿ˿⡣㣡
Ԫ΢Цϳ²ΪϵģλҲԱ㣡
һأԶ֮²ŲǣʱһھƣĿ⵭Į
Ϊƣһ̧һɽҵȥľŭɫԼվżˡ
ԪЦ⿴ǰһС
һҲɫƽĻصůѣ
ľ֪ΪΣһŭĮ̲ס߳ȵΣأ㻹ƣ֪ΪҪⱹ֮ǰ
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ִ֣ƽϣ
Ҧ̲ס˳ָһСӣǳԲǴʦΪԶ룬ųԾ㣬㻹ǿʶҲĹͷ
һ۾һգ˿ţ붨һ㣬Ҧӵĳǡ
ľ޺ָһļʦ֣㿴ˣ˱գ
ɫҲüͷҲܲʹСһ٣˭ݳ
ǺǣλգԪЦǺǰЦݳڳǰֻһζǿ̷纮ʵࡣȵӺҲǳڶռݳһӡοС«ҲװƵģҲ޷
ľԪӳ˵ֻǴһɫһ죬ҦҲֻܶһݺݵһۣڨڨ˻ȥ
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룬Ƣִ֣ԪĸˣҲ֮л򣬱ǲ֪ôˡ
˭֪ڵϵһƤҲ̧һ˵ʱ𣿡
ԪҭҲգǺһЦ뿪
ľȴ˷ŵͻɴ۾㶿ŵϺϾһľһԼأ
һЦֻǼϡҡͷ뿪Ҧת֮ʣ˦һ䣬С֣
ȥһеĺ˿ھƣɫȻ
Ԫŷ˹ЦСӣǷһ飡

һ죬ƻʱ֣һС
һʯϣš֡
˴ɽİǰаǰݵؽˡԪӼʶĹ㣬̹ɽӵȻءһ·ϣҲһԹϲ˵;־Ȥš
ԪӺΪʦһҲֵóȫ黺ֻ࣬ɺ˵
һгջһ׳ʮǰӭˡԭפÿڣյɴţרڴ˵Ⱥ򡣳ŪһֵУ԰ؿͷЪϢ
һһӡ
̸֮һȴ飬ôͷ¶ԡ
Դھɽ⣬ʶһɱֺ󣬽Ʊη壬֪Լǲ𡣺ڶԷ鷳˴Ҳల¡
ҹ䣬Ұ¶ޣò˴齰Ъ۽˾⣬Ϩϴ˯ˡ
ƣһĹ򣬽Ʊ㷢
ڵҹһֱԲһٿȻ۾תһͶʧӰ١ƺ˯ȶʶ̿ǽڡ
ջ㣬Լһ㣬סĶŵӣһҲ˯š¥ϵľ˶ڣʶһɨǲϰ߿ˡֻ¥˶ˡ
ջܣﰵʮֱֳ䱸ЩӦÿڵˣڵ
С򲻴Բ˼ҡ
Ƭ̼䣬һʶ㸲Сֻǣ¥ϲڵĶˣӰޡ
಻סĺ棬гҹһü˼ãջҡͷգ

ڶ죬֣һ˱𴲣ϴ÷װøˮ̡
һڳϣʻ˿ջ
ϵʧʱƳһһĳЦⳤҲ
ϵ۹Ҳһؾһ䣬ǰԪӺǺһЦҲĿ
ջ⣬ͷʮĹҵĺһԡէһнŵ̷
ϳ鲻ãһ˰ֵȲͬУ
ͷĺӣȴҲ׳ʵ˵·죬һߣҵȱн̷λܽУͼȱû뽭ˣػ˴ҲգҵԶԶžǣвݣҲø˳ǡ
ϳĿӶԷƬ̣һ֣ת˺ȵ̡
ǺǣСӣ㿴Щ̷кΣԪӵвסź룬ʵ
ϵģҿģһ
ԪҡͷЦСӣл۸ϵˡ
ұ޼ңһ˵һص
СӣӣȥԪҡͷ
еݣұһأкηһһ֣¶Ц⡣
ԪӿЦϵеݣοأ̷ⲻأ


98 ·
һ·ǰУ̷ꡣ롣
뿪˲һʱɽ·Եʯֻɽ·пͨްһ棬ŵӡ˵Ҳ
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ɽ·ﳤΪУ˳ٽ·㿴ɽƳתأֻ·ƿɲ̫
ûԪӲ֪
һʵν⣿
ѵС˵ԪΪԵãЦ䣬սңʿ˴У߽սɳң׳ʿǡȥߣ޴һ˻ת̾·׳ʿս·
һĬȻԪӸл̾
һɾխɽȣ֮н֮⣬Ȼ

ʱһ˲ʮ·ǰһԴЩɽȣϳϻЪϢ
ʱƵͷͷ߲ʱ紵Ź֮
ΧһȦ
ɽ͸Ĺ죬ǰҲԷ
һڳǰžƺ«СţĿȴȥ
һϬԪҲʱԶƳȥ
̷ЪϢЩţҲǰС಻߰ԶĵطһţηηһһȺûģ
˼򵥳ԺϣңɽǣСţǰ׼
Уϳλŵӿ̷
һĴţŵУֻľʦԭδһɻ׿Ԫӡ
ϵĿ˸΢΢ͷ
һüһĿ⣬δ
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̷ǲη̬ת˲һĿ¶׹⣬Ҳú
ߣɾϲߣɱ⣡ϳͻȻһȳ֡һĳۻƽ˴ţȴѸŵҲʱ䣬ʣ׷ɡ
̷֪м¶ٶأһ˺䣬ͳ
ɽڣʱ⽣裬Ѫҫ
ʵķź˺
յĹ󣬹ڵһ٣Ϣ
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ϳɫŵʬȲңֹжȣⳡɱӦж㡣
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ڽУʼΪϣһҲΪߵе壡δϵֻһִ
ͻݷֻΪһ¶ҲΪµһˡ뵽˴һ⣡
ԪȻһ̾н֮ϵ֪ˣκΣ
㲻Ҳǽˣһüͷʵ
ǰϵҲڽɼϵĲڽ˭أԪӲ޸п˵
һĬĬæµˡ۹ľɫ̹Ȼֻʦ㣬ü΢̡
Сӣ֮ˣԪߵһߣЦ
һҡͷ˵ȻǵͷѪɱ뱻ɱк𣿡
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Ǳɱˣһ˵
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˵ĳɽַףЦȥԪЦݲģȴݡ
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лԪԪͲסɴ³СߣмҲϲ˸߰ԪԪֻ࣬ʦһ
ʦҵ书ЩϣΣԪ̲סʵԪҡͷ˵ǿʤš书ȴ꣬ȣʩչʮֹˣδʤܣ
Ԫɫһ죬˵ʦ̻壬ӽˣ
ʦҲ˵乫ĪԼҵϣҲӵԪ粻˵
Ԫӳ˵޵֮ˣҪ֮˲ͬӦͨɨذŹϡ룬ܿվ𣬺ιûѰأҪΪʦ˵乫书κˡԣ³ˡΪ޵֮˰
ԪԴٺһЦͽ֪ˣ
֪ܸģĪɣϵ˂zͽܣһ䲻ðһ䣬ԪӿЦáһȴԼѵͽˡ
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һߺһ䣺Ų㣡
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Լͽܿ׾ռ˱ˣԪֻʦЦԷ
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һ۽бߵʦԳϵģҺ£ҽһҲûԳƳСӡʦͽռҶٱ˲˵㻹ײˡͽܲߣҲɣ
ԪӿЦãһ˵գڱ㲻ˡƫһʮɣ֮ˡ


99 Ұ
ɫĺɫĺϡ
·ձһɽبǰԼһɽɽȥ˪۽أʪ⡣
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һëƤմ֬Ӳǹ룬һͣҰԶԸ˵⻹һȺҰԪ
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ҰҲǿģһëƤǹ룬ƤҲ˺ʵһƣҲ̱ˣ仹վ
ɽһƻҰȴվһ˫С۾ͬȾѪһ㣬ͨ졢ͨġҲյֱۣһƱҰģ˭֪ǵҪˡ
壬쿴ϳľĺȥһݡ֮ϣʮͷҰһߺţëӴִת۸Բƣ˾ӸϹ
һӲֽ裬ƺһ㱻׹µҰײ˳ȥ
ԲعȦëըֱһͷҰԲҰͦų໡ţˡ
תۣһսʼˣ
ɵĸǣһȺԵæҡ
ΪʽǴ̡ЩҰ飬ͣǹ룬û֮ءҲûϳϵֻܻ賤һͷͷ˷ҰϣҴҿƷ
ǼڣҲЩû취ЩṦףһʱɱҰҲûС

ǰҵɽŭ쳣˯ηѣЩƴɳҪսͷµҰƱˣǰĴҴܣ־ʢҰüͷš˸

һͷҰֻҰ㡣ͷԡѪҰ䲻һ˶ţһͷԵ̶ĺУҵţȥ
æǰٶҰŴѪĳûһ˿˷ܣӣЦҡͷ

ǰĻսһҲǰҡͷ
ֻʱģЩŭҰջᱻһһ˵ǣֲĲ㣬ο⻹һ书ǿɱ֮Ľˣ
ⳡɱֻԵһᡣ
𣬽Ⱥˣ
һб÷


100 ǡǵĻ
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ӭ汼ĽƣһҲһ䳶ֱڵҰ
ԪʦֵҲǲȻһΪա
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һԵͷҰа˳ߣȺҰΪ׳һͷ䱳ëɷֻź⣬գ۱嵽ǰ
һ˫Ŀһ߳һεʶ۳룬͵شҰԴ
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ȴʱһкһֵ߳һ䡣
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˶ԭأЩҰȥ
ƾδŵŵ˵лʦܾһڰ֣ʾԷطϡ
Сӣ˵ĻɢȥģԪ⵽һߣζЦʡ
һ˫һʣ޹ģԪҡͷ˵Ҳȴͨ⣡
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һǣԶƳһۺ漴ƽ˵ЩҰιͻȻȥҲ֪
ԪӺߵСӹŹ֣Է˷ҰܣǳšҰĻŵͷȥģϵУһѽ˳Ҳ¡Сӣ㾹ת۲ˣϵۻ軨أ
ҪܶҵĻˣһҡͷֹһ䣬ת߿
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һԣüͷղŵԶһƳľ׹עߣ֪Ҫ鷳ԪϵǶԼذмӣͷʹѣֶһľֻϳϵĻУгɲ֮⡣
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ԪҡͷЦҲҲҰȺӣԸأ֮󣬲·ԲʮҵӪ֮ӦĵˡˣҲ³ֻҰԻ飬֪֪ˣϵҲǿ۽磡
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Ȼģϳ㣡ԪЦ
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ľһЦ˵ͽ˵ѽ
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һԵԪӳһһۣȴ֡͡Ц漴һһеӣ˷
ʱȻľСǵ÷ۺ죬ָһıӰ˵


101 ѩ·
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ȥߵɽ·Ǵѩɽסȥ·鷳ˡ˲ҵ飬ðѩǰС
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ѩˣʵɽ粻ʱ𣬼ѩмѩֻۣڣ׶µ·⡣
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ߣ֪СЦϵأԪӲҡҡͷ
һ·ϣһһСҲһˡ

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Եɽ
Хѩ졣ͣ˴죬ɽɽããĲβ·У޾ͷ
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ѩûϥÿһܼѡ
קŲǰС
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һȦߵͲƽǽڣͺͺŶһ֣µı裬Ө͸ˮ顣
һȮͣƴ̣ɣµһտʼˡ
һȮѩŻһצӡһͷ·һԺӡ
ԺӴϣбһᦡɣջ
ɣջٽֵǾԺڼשǿջĿͷˡջԺĴͣŶʮƥ󳵣ȻԵúܿ˱סڴ˴
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102 ɣջ
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103 
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һĿЦУ˱ȥ


105 
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ת֮䣬һ˻ɳɤӷ죬ཹɣһתͨһڵϣͷֹ
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ЩֻҪжԷԼܻɳ롣
̵̽Է֮ϣǰһ㣬ͿֱԷС
ϲɳģѴΣֳֶУǰȥ
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ǰ̣ôǲôһ㣿
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ѽ
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һۿʶɳʬƮ𣬷ɻһڡ

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һڵϣһڳ״ɱôˣֻԸԼ˼°ɣδ䣬ɽУִۡۡ졪


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⣬һӣˡ룬ת˿ʯƬڷǰ佣㼸£ྡˣѳ־ڴˡϣϤ֮Ϊ
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𣿲һǻɱˡɱЩˣƹһңĻˡ
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һ˰ˣһֿҲһֽѡľȴ޻ȥȥҪѰɣЭ벻ᣬչҪΪһѡ񡣶Լߵһ֮·ԼҪģΩм֡
һߣϢǰȥȥ·˲ʮɫһȥΡ
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һת΢΢ǡʮĳߣֱˡ
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ϳϱϽأӦ˳嶯֪Ԫôϳǹƻ֮µġ
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Ҳֵ֪ܺʱ뿪ʱҽҶӵȼ˵˴º󣬵䣬˯ʵˣֵֻܻʱأƹЩ벻εЦ
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һͷ˵ŵ֮ˣһҲΪԼܴ£ʹͣ
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һæһУŶлĲܰ˵ܴ⼸
ֵܴĳΪƹ¶ϲɫһҾֹ
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ƹԼնҲȥ֪ˣأߵ״˵ţҲܼҴţ֮òͷļͷɣ
ܰϸ״ԼҲ֮ţԶǾȥߴĺӣѾõݣͻȻŤ红ͯĿֵܰлﱨѪ𡣴˶أܰ󱲣Ŀˣ
θӶ˿Ƭ̣һŻ˵˺ããԵܼҴ±ˣȻӦã֮ڡ˴˿飬һҲʡáԺúùŲһΪ
Ҵ˴ãȣҲɳһΪԼµɣУձ˻ˣѳڣɽСԺѰˣܼ֮ã
һһϳһѽɽѹ֮ԼһЩ⣬µģԽ˲ܰӡ
ƹӾ֮ʣϸʣƴǣ¹һĽɵ¶ɫƲģ⸸ӲǼ֮ˣ˶Ľ˳
һö˲ע⣬죬˵ЩɣԺӪջҲˡˣᣡ
䣬ӰһûӰӶ˱ϲ֮࣬Ȼ


107 
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Ӱɽ˿ջһٶ룬˯ȥ
𣿡һֳһ˺ɫȣӭͷ
Լֳһӭȥ

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СӣԪŷ˽
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ڱһ֮ϡ
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ԪĿԶһҲ졣
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һջĿ⣬ת׻ԪӣһƲ˵ٽģ
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ϵԭ׽һ˵ɳһУ˸ɾһѻյʬ޴档һʬζҲʮƥҰǼ֤˱һˣһ©书߾ֺѰΨһµһʯϣµһλϵ˵ģ֤ʵˣԱ
һĬĬעԶĲɵģԪôӵۣĵĽ˵ƹһңֻҵڳԲʮڣ˵书֣ҲҵһСϵҲ˵˲Źܼҡϵ˵˵µģ
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һߵŮ˲磬ʶ˲һϵ˾ãΪҪأĪҪϵ˵ʲôһΨΨŵŵҲڵģɱң㶯ְɣڿһ䣬ϵΪ˲ݣбӦģ
ŭһͨһ۾һգվʮصļơ
һʱ֮䣬ԪҲסˣãɫһҡͷЦСӣϵûһ취ˡŹԣ˭ֵ֪ͣƤأ
ԪЦݣһ˦һ󱳷
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һ˲ĳԪӲգһȥıӰ޺ɵҡҡͷ
Сӣ治㣿


108 
һУɣջסգûסڶȥһˣ˲ŻϳͻȻ֪̡
ڶϣ뿪ɣ
Ĵ·ߣƹССеСڣӱŲܰһԶȥˡ
ϳЯڵӣǰеĲƹȭƹţˣ
λȲĳһˮ𣬴أףλʿǰ;̹ƹˣʩһ
ϳϹЦˣȥ
ʻܼҵԡ
ֵܡƹܰ¶ᡣһЦͷ˵ܴȽŲ㣬Ƕȥɣ
ƹæӻͳһһ˵ֵܣɽãʶ便ֵܣȨ룡
һĿ¶棬ֽӹֳģһȭͷСĺɫ񣬷ǽһʱҲס˿ƹе飬ڸ뻳УЦƹ⣬һˡ˴纮ƹǴŲܴȥɣౣأ
һֹǰת˸䣬ʻȥ
䣬һȥ̲ס³
ֻƹһҹڵϣңңȭ
ô˹ˣ
ʶ֪

һջĿ⣬ɫ

ѩ࣬·ҲӲʵ̤ȥ졣
һ棬վԪʦֵܣͬǣ˼ƵĶ⡣
ɣʵţҰûȤƹµıϡ
Сӣ鲻ԪӼһҲûһ
һƤҲ̧һԡ
ԪûȤҡҡͷ
ȥǧ֮ңǸڻ̲ϡ٣ƺ«ˣ

ϵϴ˻𣡡

ʵϵ㲻͵Ϯģ밡͵Ϯ֮ʱѵ𣿡

ҵĵѨǸģģ

Ԫ࣬Ԫ磬ҹǰΪʦ˵˵

һգѩޣҹͣЪһ֮ʱǰС
ϵʱϲĴΣҲʿ

ϵҲ֪֮꣬Ȼִ˲ƣΨһͷǳһΡ

޵֮ˣʲôǳ֮֮˵ΪƮ죬˳Ĳİ

Сӣ˶˵һ仰˰ɱ˲ͷأϵ˱ǴˣأĪҵѨһأˣѨҲġǽ㣬һʱҲѧ˵ġ
һҡԴһ㣬Ԫ֡
ʲôŻϵأԪӶһһĳĬҲϰΪȨǽľ׮
׮ͻȻϵһ
֪ѧ᣿ʲôѨĲһҲ޲ɣһţתԪ¶һЦĪ˵ЦţѧˣԼҵ书㲻ϡˣˣҲգ˵ţֽУĿǰտڲԡ
ͻһףҭԪ΢졣룬һӻͳһӣǺЦСӣĪüѨŵҲ״ڵģŵˡϵСһΣѧžǳĻͥϵΪʦɣ
һ𣬽ӹһƵѨ֡
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Ϊأһвӣʵ
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һ򣬵˵ͷһҳһҳš
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㶼ˣԪɶһ
һͷ˵ǿһɣ
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ԪȻɴ۾ŵ˵СӾȻĿ
һüͷʵӲǺܱ𣿡
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һ˼Ƭ̣˵ӦǲѰɣ
СӴţ
Ҳţ
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²ȥ֣

ԪࡢԪ磬ҹǰԪܻԺһɤӡ
ԪԪæ˹
ԪͳƵѨ֡Ӹˣ˵Ѩ֣˱Ų֮ܣ;дˣձ㿪ʼɣԽӱˣպӻң
лʦԪ¶ϲԪٺһ֡ԪҲϲԽЦݡͽܵĻϲģٿ߳ĬȻһԪӵɫ
޵֮ˣϲŭɫӳʲôӣ

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·ĻӰҲţɽҲǹͺͺġƲӵļڣɽ²ݸҲһƬȴ󣬷ɳ۾ɫƣȻʱ֣˴ķɳ޴ţֻܼǰС
һԪӿе֪˴ٽǧɳıԵзɳŰһҲ֡ǹͺͺɽʯȮ紵ʱͬǧУֵХϣڶУľ
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ֻôʱʦܣʤˣһ޲Ӧӡ⣬·ûүߣ˸Ժӡ
Ϊ˱˴иӦСһֻܶ򽥳ҹɫС
߳ʮԶһعңѼӰֻзʣʱԶʱͳǧٸ»Ұڿһ㡣
һųʶ̿һԾһɸߵĴʯϣԶûĺۼʱһ·ϿûҪٻͷѰң󣬶ǳڣȥ濴ɡѰҲˣԼӦеӵı֡
һżڴʯһ㣬ϱȥºڷߣҲ¶мһԾʮԶЩʯǳ˵ʯɳ۶ȥаӯ
յ蹤ʮ·ȥһͣΣһʯߴѰ
Χʯͷǲ٣ľûһмûȥҲС
ʶ뷽ԲѰһ飬һáһεҡҡͷ۴ǻ깴Ҳˡ֪ЩŵջΣǻȥɣ
һջʶתȴͻȻס


109 ɴ
һĿȥǼʮһСʯɽ
ʯɽжʮңΧʯһ㣬¶֮͡Գ֮ΪʯɽΧСЩĴʯˡֻǿʯɽˣһĺںڶڣһע⡣
ʯɽ£ҲȮ㣬СصʶɨǸСʯɽƾżѵĿһҲǸССĶڡ
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һӴСĺۼԣ͵ĹԶ£ʹöͬ硣
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룬һķڣǰ˿ʯ
һ߹ȥʯ֣ɱ档šɶ֮ĹҶⷿɶӦǸŮӣڴˣҶ˭
ĹǰһСɵǬһ˵ĶʶУʯɽвɽԼδ뵽˴һŮӵķڣ
ˣһٳɣһţǬɵС
Ǭ²ɼԼĻҪࡣһһǬϡﻩһСѶ
öһڵСƿһ˿һСʯ
ڵϣһȤһһϸϸ鿴
һöƪԻƾ濴бȡķĵطһһöʶ룬Ƭ̺˳˼
ǬΪⷿɶŮС
һǱССʣ̡֡
ֳСһһ£ע뽣
Сˡһ࣬ϾɫĹâ͸˵ĺͷҲסӿһɿŰɱ⡣
һæ񣬻ջ澪ȡ
ʲôɷ˱ˣ뷽ڿģԴ˽⡣
ֳķǺεȵ磡
ѱص˳Сһ֡
ʶеĽûĶá
ⷿɶѲˣҶҲ֪٣ȻԵɺϵõԼȽ˱ǡ
ο˽ƲӦһıǽȼ˵
һ񣬾ָ֣⼷һξѪ
ʺѪ뽣û
һ˸һָɴԾķɿ
һը죬â¡
һָһ㣬ɽҫۣˡһĳ߳â˸ˮתڰգƴ
һϰˡ콣󣬴ûһתģֻܻ֮伢֣ˮĿ⡣
־任̧һָǡˡһâͬ⻪䣬ʵѱ档콣е콣еĻ֮һģ
ɽһ裬һ죬ʵ䣬Χһ·ɲֹ
һһָĹ⻪һֱԭڵģɵС
һֱڻ֮ԸԳֻΪԲǰһСѵʯжʮ֮࣬Ƿ˴ˡ
ڽ֮һ粻ϣЩʯǧҲĺöԺ֮ʱЩʯͷ㸻ԣЩʡݾƺȣʮһģ
ƿУֱõĵҩһ»ò
Ƿ˿һ߼ƣǾɣɴſз˸ַɼɴ滹пھ
е֪˿λɶİ֮Ϊһзλǰ£һв룬ϲǣȻǼзǿԷˣ
һ֮ԼǬĹʩһͷҹ飬תܳ˶⡣
룬һóһʯͷζס˶ڡ
أҲûλǰˡ
żʯһ㣬һԾʯɽ棬Ĭһ顰ɴϵĿھף˿ת۱һƣ֡
һŲһ̧̤棬ƽأȵӡҹУǰȥ
ɴϵһƲסϲһ߿գķһŵС
ˣȫӿɴɽʯ˲䱻ֻһĹһΪ̣ͷطȥ
ɴޱȣһССɴҲ֪ƣ֮ƶ˷С
ӦǱɴƵ£һ󷨵棬Ҳµ֪
ɴԼҪɣûе˲Ϣǧ档һɺ㡣
ɵҲǷɰ
ڵʣ޼һӿ£˵ϣһУɴֱһССɴսǬ
һ˲̵Ĺ򣬻ȥΪ֦ڡ¾ӪزԶһ˷򣬶˶񣬴ϲãųȥ
ֻ˵ÿˣͣһž۵ĹǺûйƣУʵʵ·ʶҲֻ˼߼ԶΪ֮á
߹հƣһӽӪأȴǰӰζתĿȻʲôƤһȣתһԻرܡ
ߣһһ
һŲͣ£ǰС
ôߣˡһžֵһŲֶ£ųתȥ
ʮ⣬ľŽڴ󺰴СһԵʦ㣬趯гȡ
һĿȥΧȺ䶯²аʮ߳Ľɫߣһţ
ľʦ㣬˲һŵûʧɫ
˱ǳ㣬ŮҰߣ˼·
ľĴɳɳ죬ж䶯ŷȻȺ֮С
˭ľ֮أһߡŮҲᱻһţɽҹ£ºģһȺΧţ䲻ᱻҧһڣ붼ͷƤ飬ŵ
֮Ϊ紦ʦĺڱ㱻紵Զ֪ûֻǣӪطûʲô
һ֪뿪ȴŲŲ
֮ˡ
ʦ㳤ӣ͵Ϯ߱նء
ѪŭȺߣϸܵġɳɳౡϣԲڣĶ
˲Ծ룬һʱΣ
ľʦľ֧֣̽ҷâһܲ͸硣
ȺȻ㣬ѰҶ˷صʱʩչһ
˽֮£ÿÿݣ쳣


110 ʧ
һľõοɵüͷ
ľתնɱʮߣңеĶ̽âޡһʹõķھ߷ʮ֮һҲֻάָϢĹ򣬿ɼ֮ޡ
Щͨƣ߸ɫǾ綾Ľߣҧһڣ̼˱֮ڰ֮У˫Ŀﲻ壬öΣڵϦ
ľͷʦ㰡ôû
ʦ˵紦ܼԶҲ޴Ѷ֮ȥµסˡʦã뿪
УҲᶪʦġ֧Ƭ̣أľ
ʦҲΣֻҧ֧š
֮ʱ䶸
ȭͷСĻţڶߡ
ըһϸϸߣҴܡ
УؽǽɫĶߣմһǣŤֹһŵĽζ
߹˲Χľˣ׷߶ܡ
ԣΧľζͣΪһյ
ľڰţȲѣʦҲĿɿڴһʱڵ׷ߵĻ߽øϸСĪϨ𣬶߻Χʱ߸ʱ
ջعľһʦ㣬ߡ
ľʦ㲻ʧʱһԾ𣬴ӻĿյϷɳ۶ת˶ߵΧ˽²ͣ٣ȴδǻһƳһƬﻹʲôߡŵľƻãͬξһ㡣
ŮңǧʣҲҶɣɿӪرȥ
Ӫȼ
ľɫŵļϳϵæӭǰȥ
¾ţϳϹеʵ
ľʦˣŴ˿ӵ£һۣɫ΢Դ˵˶һ£ֻǲδ߽ľ
ŮҵС˼öҲϬԴ±տڲᡣǷ˼Ļߣ˵û˻ţᱻŵɵˡ
ǽߣΪڶУ涾ޱȣҧһڣѾΣƽҩûáλＪ࣬ѻܰȻ㿪ҰԪӶľ˵ͷ΢Ц
ϳҲһ£æõӾۼһⲻ⡣ֻ˲ӪУһδ
ʱһĿľԶȥƣһұϡ
÷ɢȺǿ֮ĩեһе
µһһĳûʲôͬ
֮ģһԵĻȻδйƣӿ֫ԵĿ־Ϯͷϰ˶һеƿء
ʱ˿̣½ããڶδ֪ҹɫһԷŵĳ嶯һ־ѡ
»ŵԼǷ˼µľ
ĿľʦΣڵϦԼתȥȣֻΪľѹԼһϲ֮ˣԶ˵ΣͷȻȡ
ȱˣԺмçײ»Ҫ侲ΪáӪʱȥˣģ鷳ˡ
һЦҡҡͷתڰ֮С
ûԶһͳһʯУ׳죬ȥΣȾ
ʯǰˮһӿڣһΪ֮һ
ķתɺԵɺ

ӪصһޣҹȥĴɼɫĴʯ¶˱Ŀֻͬķɣɳ죬ɫһƬ
æǰ׼һǰԪڷɧС˯ȥˣϵʦͽݳɣ
סСӣȥˣôˣԪڼҪҵˣȴ־
һŲĴԶɫЩ԰ףɫѡ
ԪʵУһ˵·˲𣿡˵ţԪӣæȥ׳
ԪӸһ׷ʵСҸղҲ·ϵôٵɶأĪǣʯУһҹ
һаңƽûԼһҹδ飬ͬû˲һᣬҪ¶ˡôУֻϵڵԼأ뵽˴Ԫ¶һЦ˵ⲻ߻͵ˣ
Ԫӳһڣϵ˼ݳ˵ţֺһԵõߴٵСֽЩĪʱ
һҡҡͷƲƲ졣
Ծһҹڵԭ˴룬ɫ֮ʱһֻͣ
һҹɣʯеȥɣɼʯľˡȻֱƣȻ޴棬ʧȥ»صϡյľ棬Աˣ֮ʶһ԰
ֻ͸֧֮ͬһȬһĿǰΪʯҲһҹ֮
׺һδϨк档֪ЩӴӺδѰһҹղæµȺУӰ֣˽ڡĽδ˴ʲô鷳
˵طǾ֮أ˼С
һڶβڻĴʯ䴩С
һʵǧڴˣǧ겻ֻܿ౯ţԪ̲סŪмʶ
˹ȻʲôŹأɷָһҹĶ߸һ
һжﳤ̣ߵ·̣֮ǰӦ߳˹ȡвʲôŹֻ֣ǳŴĮԵʣɳˣԪſڴתףһľ̾СôתӣԺֽˡ
ѧϵġƵѨ֡Էڹδ֪һܾÿɷĺߵʰˣһһէģ
ԪбһСһҹδ飬вͬϵЩڡ
ǳĬԪЦǺǣСгϵּɵģ
˹дݲǷƾҵԵʡֻǹнĶ˼ɵоᡢЫСЩӦ޷ģԪ˵ţų룬߷Ⱦԡֻǻ׿һ۾գЩή٣֪ڼݳأ
ԪҡͷСһҹڵĲᣬֽûعأ
һǽϢ˼֮С
һö֮Уһ˽⵽ڣڵķɶҲһλʿǰ
ɶһɼ壬Ҷӣమһ¡˽Դģ֪ԭö䵽̹գⷿɶڴˣ˼һС
ǬǷɶУıɴҲһС
öм¼һЩϣԿҶڵĸˣɶҲΪ˸ߵΪ뿪ɵĴģΪɸֻ̹˷ѽ⡣
̹У˵
ɽкɳڣҲӦںܾˡҶţȥ˺δأԺ֪Լ˶е᲻ŭԼ鷳أҪɴٷŻȥһ᲻õֵı
ǱҶѰԼ˻˼ҶǡʮȥˣʱǨ˷ݡ֮˭Լ̫أ
ֻǣδ֪ɽ磬ôƽ


111 벶
һ·Уʱ֣ͣЪһڶ·
һѱ
ӭն˾Ϊ֮һ񣬼Ͷһɨա
ǰƽĿԶĿ
һɫƽȴڲסʡҹ£һҹĵһζʯееǿʯҲ˻Ұɫճ˷ĩʯеȫӯ档
һǣԼΪԲͻƵļ󡣲Ʋңɼġķ㣬ǰ
һţֻҪйһнˮɡ벻ⶫ;Уõ뷨ɴΪϵνϲϡΪɽһɽûΪγĽ콣˳Σвɱʤ֡뵽˴𣬲¶Ц⡣
СӣɫأԪûһһ䡣
ɫҲһһЦԪһСӾͷˣƢҲˣ
У·ƽ̹Ȼܴȴڲסͷ˴һů⡣
ʱ֣ԶԶģзݳ֣ȸԾ
һգ˽ǧ·̣˼ڣռ̣Ľ
ʱһССӳǰ
ʮ˼ңһ·ڷ˼С顣·ڣһົשʯ¥ϣԿջϡ٣ļҵ̣뿪šСԵ塣
ǰЩɲΪ⣬ͣڵİջǰͻĴ⣬ÿջĻƹģֵͰϲϡ
ջªζϾƣЩ̣ϼˡֻͼˮҲʳ֡ΧſջļӴ֮ʱһŸϴıӣյĲջԼĴ֮ϣԺ
ƥжЪϢŵĴ󳵱͵ţľ֧ţڳͷɺƽȡ
ջǰæιƥĻ⣬һӿ󳵡һæЦλʦôˣůЩ
һ˺˿˿У̧ͷһŰϣüĿ͸ŽЦݵģǻƼ롣
˴Ӳһģڣüͷ
߳һڴ
Ǻǣʦ¡ɣ˳տһ£ΪֽȥŪЩůůӡΣƼȻ˵˦һ䣺ʦܷˡջȥ
һĬĬŴͷҲû̧
ЩƥлӦƼտֻ󳵶ѡ֮壬֪˭ŴϵĻ
ջϣŶ·ڡһڳǰұȥݵĴŵģͨϵһ
ӺСɨһۣ㽫С˸顣һ˿¶ӣһ緹ݲ¡
ʱϱߵĴϣͻȻԶԶɳ۶
һϣз۾ĵĴߡ
֮˽ʮͷò࣬Я糾͡ԶԶջǰĳŻ٣˿ջǰδ⣬Ǵһۺ·һ㣬ȴ⿴˿ջгԺȵˡ󣬶˻˸񣬴ӿջǰŶ
һĿӶıӰζЦ⡣
뿪Զ˵һ仰һ
ˡһֹһ䣬ǰ֮;޾ı
סô÷أľʦ㲢߳˿ջһϣϥ̲סʵ
һջԶĿ⣬˵߳͸磬һܿ
ľһɫȻɶü΢£ɱݣ߽˵ɣջʱĺܺã˵꣬ûɵһ˸ӭԷĿ⡣
һ΢㵣ľôˣת֪⣬ɺעŶԷҡͷ˵ֻ˵˾仰ѣľﲻüֵóƵ
һſ˵򣬽ºͣԼˡľɫ΢˵Ҳú˵أӦʦ߿
Ҳ֪˭ȡһԸ̲ѡ
һʱһ̡
һԪӿе֪԰Сȥǰݳǡ
һ·۵ƶⰲԶûسϽڸ㡣Ԫ˵ݵؽ磬شɽĮ֮Уûسˮ·½·ı֮س̹߽˿ҲڰݣڰݣҪЩҲƽ
һ뿪˽ɫҲֻǰŴ壬󲻰꣬ɽȱܷ磬ڶֻ¶ڿҰ֮С
һȼ𣬻汻ţҹա
Χһ𣬿ʳһ˿ӣ˴£һ˵
һӳ꣬һĺ«˿ھƣ˫Ժ󣬱Ŀ
⣬ʱ˵Ц
ƴ磬Сܿ⸬ЦһĻƼֺ˵
ǺǣԼֵܣסƼӹе⸬Ц档
ʱƼԽࡣ
ľͷ϶ţֻԼŵӵݣýڻƼǰ̧ͷ
еĻƼ룬̸ֹУһ˵ĸ߰ýƷ磬һζֺԷжЩˣҲǴһջɡ
ϵܣ˲»ȥڶ͵ģŵ书ǲãУܻͬ÷ˮġƼųʳ˵Ż
æֵݹˮңЦҪƴղУСܵԻƴհ
Ƽ˿ˮĽƵļͷĵ˵ͷ
Χһ𣬸ԳԺ̸Цţ˵ĶԻ
ҵһ·ͷ¶ޣɻܵסɽߵԪЦ
ԪҡͷƶҲǼ纮µˣԵͬгΣ˴Ī£ϳϲƶ׸˻̿ˡ
ɽЦڣȻɫһԪҲͬ
ͬʱתԶ
һ£̳漴¡¡
ڵӽԱ
ҹɫոս٣Ǻˣ
Էڶ࣬ҹⲻ˷׷ϳϡ
ڴػӪأϳɤźӦʣסӪء
ɽܣϵĵͷżӭȥ
ԪࡢԪų˷ܣԪǰ˵ʦҵҲȥΣ
Ԫ۾һɣеһ֦Уѵ˺£ţ䣡
Ԫ²ӣԸ˳һԶ
죬ƣ˽תۼ䣬ʮӰ㵽Ӫ֮ǰҫ䱸һһ˵ǰ
һ˺˻Ӱ֮УԽ


112 ȸں
ߺˣҹӪأȥɽɣס
϶˲Ϊһɤ𣺡·죬һߣڴӪҵڴЪţ
˻δ䣬һϸ𣺡ҵ˽ʮصĺܣɶȥѰɣͬСٺ٣ҵˮδŰͰ͵׷ҼΪͬԺǣ
ǰҵҲҪȥѰɵ
ɲܳԶʳ

һСеĸ
󵨣ҲǶȿвƵģŭգॳʣ⣬ָ϶ǧ׷ĪǼͶ̥ɣձü·
鰡ллģǺǣϸ𣺡ǴĶʦְɣ¾ˣǺǣҵȳ;֮£ſ׷λˣʱ˿̣ҹɫ߲㡣ҵһӪΣҵȾŸλ
ɽǰһסߣ֮˯ɽȰλĪŭԹ֮¡ĳѡһԶ˵أٲþһ˺ƽϡ
ԭϳϵǰҵʧˣϸá
һתͷ֮˽еҵȽֵǣӪɸ̸ȥ֮£
ɤ𣺡⻹࣬ߣ
һҲ˻ȥ׷ʵμƽϣ
ϸЦҵ˶죬Ҳܲ˦Ҳ˦ֻҵ׷涫ȥˣ
ʮХȥҹǺ˵Ļҳ
޺ջسϳϡ
ɽɫĿҹԶȥӰ͸ź⣬˵ԣţ
龪һҲ˿ȴû˵ЦȤ֧񣬸˯˯ҹҹӪƽ
עĽ䣬µһʱȴ۾˳˼ϳ˵ĶԻȻЩӲʶʮУаռ·СǶˡ˿ƾ˶ڣԶɡ
ϳϵĳţһ鲻˵ļ򵥡·У˿ɲ˵ġ
ϰգ콻ʱŵҹɫ£ӪȻɳӰԶȥת˲ʧããɫСڳµһҲɲǼ䣬ϢʧȥӰ
һʶʼӪܣ뿪ӪأӲĲ
ǰҲҹ뿪һк棬ȴδƽϡһ·ܾµһɣȻˮݵˮ·ѡԽĶ·֮ͬܲ͵ĽͬΪλҪأⱳ᲻һЩʲô
ȥ֮ңԼһζ¶ܲ˳̤϶֮δ֪
ӪڿҰ֮У˽ҿɻ֮һȻٷŹ
ǰμ죬һǰһӰ۲ͣһԶԶں棬ҿ̫
ɴԷУȴҪͷһ治÷աȻɵĸоܺãݽߵζͬܣɲصޡ
ǱɴԼһͺˣĵ΢ԼͿⰿڿСΪ޵Եʡ
ԪµУڷе뷨ἰҲǣڵĸˣˣеҲòˡڵĵӱԷеģзеķҲܻɶɴİ֮ΪͳΪѰɣ
һСʱһɺԵĺӹǰһǱпһݣһ磬Ȼ˶ȥ
ӹȻӿʮˣѰĶһʩչṦһķ򼲳۹
һ֮£̽Է
Է಻һԶһɲ뱻Ⱥڱ׷𣬲ٳɣ׳ɴһֱϰա
ز°ɸߣһס˱ɴ֮У¿ȥ
ɫ£ʮһߣǰһˣһȣԶԶ׿ṦףȴҲֻܽ治ᣬǰ
ϵ龰ðеһȻȻôļ򵥣
ܲ࣬һͳһʯУɴڿл棬ٲҿ֡СģԼҲδغʹֻ»ᱻԷһͷײϡ
һǰ;˸䣬һ·ֱǰܿ
˴龰һ򡣹Ȼϼʮˣ˱ɵȥ
ΧʮˣȻԾߺϡ
УϮ߹ѣǻ˱ż˶ڣ˱ΧһȦһƴ;ϮʮˣͻȺ̱֮£Һϣת˲֮䣬м˵ز
һЩΧһŵˣ亷ηȴǵ֡Ƭ̹󣬱Ѱӡ
һɫâͻȻҹөѸȺҷɡ
һ޷ܣөѪưʬ촦ϱ֮ˣҲөٿȻ׷ϣ͸ҰУֶ˼ʬס
յĹ򣬷ŻһʮˣϾһصĶϱ۲֫һ·Ϯʮ˽԰Ȼ߶
ŻȻڵϡʬݲ㣬ȼܻ档һɽڣʬתۻҽ漴һ紵ɢ
ʮ˼򵥵Ұ֮С
ɫ£ƾ˼ʮ»Ұ
İУݽӲһǰһУͷ䡣ϳϵĻָһǾʹ뿪پһԶƽϡһ·һ·
ϳϵʱ˾ϣЩ˻ΪƲߵóѣȴ֪֮ҹͬҲ֮ʱ
·ɱЩ̷֮ʱʮˣͬһֵʴȡ
еʥأµһɣºҲӦΪ֮װɣڽͬıȣǱΧɽĴ£ȻʵΪ񣬵ΪȡһŷһζõıǶôĿ¡
ʮЩУδضǻĸ֮ˣֻΪɵۣ̤һ·ǣ˵ֵǰǿʳ뼦֮ͽûʲôͬǿʵ˱õòȻ˶Ĥݡ
Լɣı󣬲ͬвɸ˵Ŀ
ֵǰԼ᲻Ҳ˲ֶأ㣬õΣ
þڰ֮УԵȥҲȻһãȻףճն¡
ӯ£ɢ媶ʥĹâӵĻ꣬ҡ
ٹգ֮ǿȱ֮ʱ
ӯʧࡣ˷֮ʣĪʹȻ
˵ĵط˷˽Լⲻ沨ȴȻҪУһͬѰ֮·
ۺ쳾ǽƱãԼȻԼ
ͬһ㣬Բȱʱʣ


113 Ƕ
ڶ̣ûЩ˵ȥˡһжδ
һƳһߵԪӣҲ޶ԣһ㣬²;ķ羰
ԪӵѧԼУûвҹ쳣һҡͷ
ôСӣĪʲôҪϵ˵Ԫת׺ʵʱ̹עһĶ
Ƭ̣һ˵ЩⲻƣȴӰôΣ
㵹ϸԪӻȻһЦĿ˸ǰеˣ˵ֲ֣԰ܣ⳵θأ
һԣǣЦȴй֣ﰡ
Ԫӵһ۳룬̬ѵ˵ҹΪ¯ұкﲻأ
£Ҳѵ󽭴Ӻ֮ƣ˭Ϊغ¯أһڷʵ
ͣϢӯ˼ԲأԪɫһתԶ
һ˿˵ӯĪǣ
ҪҪưѡ޾֮ģѣ޳֮ءҪ֮࣬ǣ֮±䡣Ԫͳ㣬䡢Զ
лָ㣡һĵͷ
Ԫ¶º͵Ц⣬Ŀ¶͵Ŀһ˵ϵôӡСӣѽ
л⣡̹֮ڣֻһʦһǸȻһЦ
Сʦ֪ʦ䣬ϵǷŹܲ˵أԪ¡
ʦ䣬ҲգһɤЩɬ
Ԫ¶֮ɫѧûԼ֪ģһʦǺҲҲԸˡֱͦ˵Ԫӣ̹ҲСͷҪΪʦʦҲ᲻ʰɣ
һҡͷ˵ʦǻڣӦ֮ˡ˼û˵һ֪ġֻǣĺ񰮣Сܣ
ʲôʦȥԪȻһʦк棬ȴ׷ȥ
ʦȻ˸٣ҲǰˣƶͻˣѵʦصһԪû㣡
һˣǻҳСӰɣ
Ҳգұ㻽СӣҲϵɣԪ״Цü

յĹԣأԡ
ֹһУһ·򶫡
ͷԾͷԸƣ֮ʣԶһǣ˽Ųн
ҵĳǽ׾ӣһԡʵ¥ϣҰ
һ·ǧȻֵĴǣϲ¶Цݡ
һ·̵㣬㵽˰ݵݳǣʵףԺ·;ҪЩԪҲȻ
ⰲݲسСǰİݳǣһɵس˱Ƚϣֽʵ
˵ݹ󣬱̹;
ҲȻǰɭԭҪ·ࡣǲ̹;Ҫ߹֪Ԫҡͷ˵
˶Ի֮ʣֻݳǷ򣬱һ
ϳϻͣ£һĹʮʮǰ
Ϊ׵һˣһӣģɽ־Яµӣϳϣλͬţ֮Ҳ׷ǰ˼
ǧ֮ɵͬţáδݳǣͬŵȺԶӭһ·ˣ⻢øС
Ӧ˲tغ򣬲ܼʱӭɼҲ˼ܣȫ֮ˡ
һںϸԺǰС¸ɣ书֮ˣɳ׳
ҡУΪ׳֮⣿
һϣ˼ֹ
˾ʳ֮󣬱ɢһ䱸еס·ڡ
ĪǲˣԪֹһ䣬ϵչǣͽȥȡʳԡ
ݳǾǰȴҰΧضԺ
ʱЪϢϣ̡÷˼ǰ濪·һĳҲ˵
˶ڣȻͬñһζ·һӳ˼֮⡣
һֱݳǶȥлõˣ󳵣ȺڳŴһԸ˽ˮҡϡȣɿķһƵ֮ϣ˿
ǰУڶȥ
ǰ漸Ļõӣ֮ˣ󣬲˰ݳǡ
һΥ˵һ˷ܵõɴ۾
פۿ˵ģжԻõӵϷ߷߲ƽģҲмƲ׶ԶԶܵġ
һٷĹ˴Ƕݳ
һ֮أƵƵסһ·Ͷ٣ͷ¶ޣò˵ĴǣܺЪϢգȥ¥ҲǺõģȴͣ뿪ᡣ
뿪ݳʮһһͷ˲߼ʵɽС·ԽǸߴľƬҶȴ֦ܣ̧ͷȥĿ֦ͷҲࡣ
һǰȥ֪ա
ôһƬɽ֣һͷ֣һ̾
Ǻǣ˴ֻݺᣬľïʢѣ·ˡ⻹󣡡ԪﲻݵģһЦ˰ݵؽ磬Ǻǧֺʱڣգ׳أ
Ǻüʶǵٵطһ״ôԶ·Ҳ˲ټʶҲ֪Լţ뵱ʦȣֵһɹ
Ԫӵͷϵʮ֮ã̹Ҳ˸顣δ֮صķ飬־Ҳ֪̹ˮ϶ȥˮɱǺ󣬶뺣Ϊ̹ӡذ죬Բ̹ͬʮݣڣ
̹ٺ֮⣬֧¡޵ʮ˹ڡʮս֮Щҹ̹Ϊ֧ڽ𣬸³ʯдС֣֮ͬһ㣬Ҳи֮߰𡣶̣ͬˣÿҸس¡
Щҵķ飬鼮н¼Ҳһһԡ
ԪȻ͸˵۵ģãã޼ʵĺ򰡣УǺи¥̨ľ޴ˮ֣дСɽľ㣻е˻ǣе㾹򣬿ԷڿСĺϣиϡŹֵĺСƿգѸ硣쿪˫ᣬɣ׾ץһСһ׳˺Ƭ
ЩǰУѰеĺЩҲǴС죬òͬеǱ߳棬˲ҿеǻɽëȻб֮Ϊ񵺵ģྐྵмɺ񡣵ϵϰ׸ǧٹ֣δšеĵϣŮףԲƬƣ̹¶壬ԴΪߡеĵסһЩɫīˡеĵϻסһЩδëѪˡ
һҲ񣬲ʵããľͷʲôأ


114 ּţ
Ԫ߿Уﺣ򣬾ĺᵽһӿ½أиǿĹңķľϵĵǣﻹɵɽЩɵɽ֮ϣ鵤ҩǣǡϳ֮óɽ֮ݵءܵˣ
ԪԵͷ˫ԣɷ
Ҳ֮˵һüһʵ
Ԫһ۳룬ǺЦδؿţɴδǼٰʮǰϵһλķǰλǰ׿ڸңⶫͷɣȴߡЩѷ֮ˣ֮ܣɰ
ĪǣλǰȥƬطһ׷ʵ
ԪҡͷЦλǰҲδȥҲ˵ãã޼ʣУʴӡǴǷľκˣ̼䣬޴ĺ촷ۡûкͼû򵼣һ֮Ҳﲻ˱˰
ΪһеĹȣΪһ伮дڵɽ㲻ϧһдۣηǧѰҡĩˣҲֻһա˵ֵ𣿡һǰ߲£ǰһƬӰ
ԪӵɤͳұһΪʲôǲ쳤֮֮һǱչأǿǡұˣʮ꣬ͨؿ޵֮壬ҲϽоž֮ˣΣһˡ
һķȥѰҸ˵ĻԵɽĴţߵĴڣҹäɽ˭ֻĻأϵģһҲǰ;֮ˡǲһգ޹ؽҪ
ƶᣬʯΡһ˼ĵͷ
Ԫ¶ϲɫ˵Сѧʶ
һæҡͷЦɲ˵ġ
ĪʦĽ̵Ԫһ
һ˵ҼУһλĽ̻֮ԡŵõкУ
ʦҲʮ꣬ȴ޵յĻԵأһһȻ
ԪӺǺһЦ˵ֻǰ;δأһһ˵ʦҲ޵֮ˣ֪СʦڣԺϾҲðݷһ
ԪĿУһ£˵ʦû䣬Ҳգ
˵СôԵأԭ֮ͬˣСӣϵ۹ⲻɣԪ°ͣۺ룬ɫ⡣
һ΢Ц

˳ӰӰǰС
һ񻷱Сǣ͵ľͷߵýˣϡ¿ɼ
˰ݰءô¿أһʵ
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ʱ۴שʴݸ̦鲼ǽ͹ƽ͸µĲɣ˪ĺۼ¿ǹȻͷϳǡ
óʯĽֵӿݡֵԵķҲԹӷòƷ¥¥ջҲһӦȫʱߺǵɵǣͣ
һ˱õţһջ
ջ¥֮£һĵջ֣ڷҡȥ
˺Ժõ˴ŻƣֽæתжǣЩõֳַ֣סԺţְ
һһԣЦҡͷû뵽Լ¿
Щõӣ䱸һĹѽջǰΧһȻЩ;;·;ֵҹһŵҲΪ·ˣԼҲܻݲ١
˶ȥǰľ¥ԪʦͽҲܵûӰˣһҲǰȥ
¥µӣƱյߺ֡һЦݣһܣҲûˡͷԼߴطˣ
ͷͣںԺأЩȥˣʶչ˳¥ȥ¥һо۵סһԼҲǴСֵģɵ˶¥ء
ԴϴݽߣʶԺһʹʶҹµĿҰУĿõһУ˷СġƽʶҲֻǻס߼ԶĵطԱɡ
һת¥ݴ¥Ȼϲĺ
ֵ𣿣
һפ㣬׿ȥ߽Ϊ׵һߴĺӣЦݣ߳Լ
ֵܣ벻ֵܾڴҪֵܺúúһ
˴ЦţһסһֲţһԵĿλȥ׳ҲЦ⡣
ԭţ磬СҲû뵽֮ϲһĿϲԷЯ
ԭȥɽŵţܻܵ˳ΣȥԺ࣬һ˽ʶ
һϲˬֱų˽ǮĺšԷҲݳ֮飬Ͳŵӡ
һת֮ʣŵţط꣬óȻϣȴĲֱˬӣ̲סһɤӡû뵽ֵܡ
λسĽݵ֣ߵ쳽ͷЩλɽʶһֵܣﶼԼֵܡţһӣɤźкϾƲˡ
쳽𣬽׳ʵʮͣӦţȭһ¼
һϲύֱˬ֮ˣҲ⣬ֵ
Ʋת˾ٱѲű˴ʺ
ţסڶʮϣˣѰλֵܺȾƣ˴·һ
һҲ֪ԷԼŵӳΣ·˵ضѣձҪȥ
ţһ۲ȴǰ֮Ƿ֮롣Ҳ֪˴ףֻƱյҪȸʹ졣
ţֵܾǳһַٱѵд˶ƢһƣԺط꣬һȻ߲ܡ
жлھУһʱó졣
ϧֵҪߣȻҪȥҼסϸһصģţһһ֮󣬲ź˵
һھ¥У״˳ϴسǣƶȫ޽յ¡ţˣţΪ˶غҲǷſ˾ֻͼһԳأһ븹У㱻ˮڣ׷̥ˡȾҲȨ˵ͷǾˣеǿ⣡
Ǻǣţ仰㹻ˡλֳʢ飬һˣֵܾλֳһһٱ˵
ţҲǺȳ£кãһٱ
˳ԺȺţ̸У¥ʳͲĿ
أţͷСʱңңٱʾ⣬˴к
ţҲףǵһƬкһʱ֮䣬¥ַǷ
һζ̣ѵ˷ſĻһҲǺͣ
һΪڴơ
һͳ߳ͻȻ˶ֱ죬ֵľ¥ʱΪ֮һ
һδеľƱ


115 ɱ
ⲻڵͷһȣ¥ʳͷ׷ѭȥ
¥һȺΪһϣɫһУ̬Ȼ
ţ֪ϵЩ˵ͷ֪һ鷳ˡ
ֵܣΪֲã
ɵĳϷͬСɣԼĵϣ˼Ȼǹ˲ֵֻ֣Ҳ֮ܲţΣں޲ѣֻСһŲǡ
ţδ֮Уֵܼ棬Сü޷ģţһţºһЦʾ˲صǣЦݣתϳϣȭ˵һʱѰͬţżѣڴ˴ˮƣ
ߣ⣬֪ѣ޹֣ԽƱ磬һȥɽݷֱĳĿ䣬Խһעţˡ
һֱͦüһ˵ȴϳĿ⺮ɭɭɵͷһ
ת֮£һɫҲϳϣתţʹ˸ɫ˵λֳ뿪¥Īֿ
ţԲ⣬ȴһɫȫû˺Ⱦ֮ʱº⡣λֵܶһۣضף˵ãֵܵġƣˣ˲ن£ͳϣһȭʾ⣬תȥ
ɽһԺȥ
һĿ߳˾¥תƳһϳϵıӰ׸˹ȥ
ˣȾ鷳˰ɣľԽһ޺˦һ䡣
һɵףĬĬں档
߹һ̧ͷԪų룬ŷ΢΢ҡͷҡ߿
һɽķڡ
ϳ϶Уһվżľʦ㡢ڵˣһĿȻעһ
ϣλͬţһʩȻɫƽˡ
ߡɽһԵľһȵһŵӣνʶЩ˵ģ
ʱɽûƽĴģˮƱˡ
һͷȥŵ棬һɫƽ˵ǰұʶһЩˡ˵صѣڽʶģ
һ˵꣬ڼž˳˵֮ˣΧɽűܣ󱻷䵽ԺǣҽʶԹֱҲ˹ƻ󣬲»֮¡Щѱڲ׸ԡɽѰͬŲãżˣһͬ˼ˮơǰˡ볤ͬ
ɫֻ˼ˮƣЩڴУΪΩ˲֪ɵ𣿿ľƺ«Ӧ֪ƳԡºͿĵС
һûзֺڹĻ֣̿Լǰ٩٩̸ľƺ«ӵۣǰʮһͻ֮ˡɽл𣬸ѵ⡣
һ˿ɫ˵һδ£̸ֺƳأڴڣҲֻѸ̸ЦѡֻһˣкʸŪԼأ볤죡
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һҡͷ˵˭˲֪أ˵ƸʤաǳҪһ޻˵ֺ֯ЩĪеأ
ɽ۾һɣһ˵㵨ӲС뱾˵ҼסԺ󲻵˽Ӵٷɣҹȥ
ԣһüһкһ̧ͷ˽ɫĮȻΨʦĿɫľԼһۡ
ʦ㵹Ǹ֮ˣһľˣˣαЩһʶأĿɨˣһһƲĬȻת˳ȥ
עһȥıӰϳоâ˸
ϣ³򡭡ǰ˵
ϳֹһľȻ˵һ·ͼӽɵˣֻһ³Ҳλŵľߣ²˳٣ȥɣ
ӦǣתǶȥһĳţ

һصԼķ䣬˯˼ӡ
Ҳƣһۣһͷ˯
ϵܣ˵飿ľҲǵģ˳أ˿ȤƼҲһΣδӶԼйЦŲԵһҡҡͷƵ٩š
Ǻǣʦܾ飬֮ˣദվˣ֪ģƲҵһֻ˵ЩĻ
ʦܿɱ˯˰ҪǵҽƶʵⰡ
һ˯ţʶչ̿

ŻõѾ˿ջ

ڿջľ¥Уϳ͸ɱ⣬Լ¾һõԤСȥҪֿµʱԷʩȡĵ飬Ƿˡ
֮£ţԼԼţˡ
ϳϹȻɱףҲûԼı⵱һ飬㽫ţͼߣԲҪɱأж޹Ҫأ
ƫ˺ԺбӦţԼѣһҪ׷Ժ޸ʲôأøʲô
ڼ˻벻ֹ˯ȥһҲͲס
ʦܣôˣڴ뼸ﶺȤһ۾ȥæк
Ӳ̫ȥé
һӣ߳⡣ĴˣϹâ΢ԭʧȥΣȴδȥǱӡ
һָָڽƵˣ˲˯˹ȥƵѨֹȻסٵ飬ת˷ţ

¿ǵĶŸһƫƧСԺڡ
͵ƣٺɫĵƻ£ţΧһ
磬ֵܴ˾ٺ⣿쳽ʵ
˴ҼһķϵԺӣƽʱûģڴЪϢһǣֵܲӺҵȵģΪЦšƽ⣬ҲҪһЩ
ţһڣ˵Ҳֵ֪ܺ⡣ֻЩˣǸ֣˵ҵˣʮҲ˼ҵֵ֡ܵķԸҵȻǣ
ŴҲǼģֵȻҪġ˵
쳽Щ˵ŴɣЩԾ˵ЦС£ҵȼƽϰɣ
ţΪȻĵͷ漴ҡҡͷ˵ǽģֵܼȻ˵ˣҵȲòɣ
쳽ΪȻЦʲôɣֻҴ硭˵ţɫȻһ䣬ѹɤ˵ԣж


116 ֵ
һ紵Ҷ죬ϸ΢ȴ˶С
ţһڴϨ͵ƣ쳽˳ֳ˱ʱڣﻹʲôҶҹ˵ĽŲ
ҲǺܣЩϤʱѱΧˡ
ߵĽŲһ˵ˣɣ
ڵڣ˵ϢЩءţһģܶùĲ˵ģҲö㡣ֵҲث֣ȥ
һֵܺ¹ˣ
һͬȥ
ţһ߷ţ쳽Ҳ֮ԺС
ɫ£ԺǽĽǡҫź⣬䳹ġŨҵɱСԺ
ǲɵˣΪѰֵܣţͦţ˵ߴƣ֮ɤźкη壡
Ӱһˣǰڰ֣һģˣǰȥ˹˵˻ͬ𣿴Ҫ
ţлŭЦЦֵܲȣ㱻ѰҪҪġţأֵܶǣĪҲҪնɱɣȾǺˣͷ¶βǺúӣţ濴ۣ
ǰţ磬ŭ򣺡ЩˣҲǿ۵ģ
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ֵأҲ쵱ĪľͱҲ㲻߷߽ӡŭ𼤵˺ƴһҲøʹ죡
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ֻǸ·ˡ˴˸ɡңȻˡŹֵһָ紩ҹɫһͷԵ޶
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һӿջʶȥţ˴СԺϵ󣬹ȻҪɱţֵܡ
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һѹɤݣԾѼˣĴ⡣ɽ裬һǿͣͷĻȴδˣڼͷϡ
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й˼ɣһֵ㵹쳽ţ
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ɴˣҡֱϣ˰ա
ţ磬ڵķ򡪡һʵ
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һƬ̣˵ţ磬ұ޵֮ˣʲôɡ֮£˴硣λֳȳҲǾֵܵı֡Զ֮ӦµġֵɣҲǼѡŵλֳֻǲ֦ڣֳǡţºΪ˵һֵߺ󣬺ңңˣֻ𡣻ţλֳౣأ
ֵܷǳ֮зƼʻᣬɾ֮ʱɣţ֪ԭίԵΪһҲΪԼôƵֵܶԺţΪػ̹ţ̸֮У飬һҲϲֵܣſԸεգС
һڲأг̳ٱҲ书żͻȻձҪ뿪вִ֮ʣ֪ԼʦڣЩ˴иӦ
ţ磬ҵҪἰⲻˡλֳʱȻ뵣ġ̳Ʒƽɱȣǿ֮áСˣ
һȭʩһţ΢ЦͷٿȻһʧҹɫС
ֵţ̾ѡҹ£ˬʵЦúԶ


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ֳһĨʱɽڣɵƻͨ
һŲϯϣżˣԻ˯ѡ
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ڡڹӦ
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æȥֻ۾ãȻĹˡһҲת
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һΧתһȦǰʰ׵ŶԪ¶һЦ簡֪ʱأ
Сӣĺ°Ԫ룬һ䡣
һɫһ漴һƲɫɵڴϣԷ΢΢ҡͷ

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˴Ԫת׿һͱˣʵСӣ˵аƹ۵Уϵ𣿡
һޱ飬Ĭ죬Ȼ˵صǽѨ
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СɣϵȻὫЩ˵ڣԪһۡ
էһ˵״ԪӱȻƹоͨƵѨ֡ļ֣ԼϤɾԲڸǱ֦ڣֻһ
С˵ʩչѨԪΪǶԷ֮µ˵Цܲһ̽ԹԷǵü첻ʹ죬Сز¶
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ԪüͷչȻӣź룬ζ˵СӣȲϣϵһǣֻǣѧҶžҰƹԵţ
䣬Ԫӿһ޺ʵСӣҿڹѨʱõʲôΪϵҲⲻѨأ
һһ࣬Ψֱ֮һƲ˵ʲôҲ˵ģ˰ɣ
ԪɫһתŭСӣְϵأߣ


118 ɶ
ϵӵ۵ģһδƳһǰֻһŵӶѣһġ֪ʱᱻĪɣǶֻʵʵ򣬲¡ֺأ
ԪɫԻͷ˵СҲпأϵǲ顢֮ˡˣϵˡƤһأΣ
ϵһ·϶ԼĶӦкδ⡣һչüһЦ买˹֡
˵䣬ǰϣһ˻һֳǰͣ
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ŶȥıӰһҡҡͷѧԪһ㣬Ŀ

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Сҧгݵģһһˣ
ëʤɽֱ԰ݵݡһھ֡;ݣ˷ܡԽʥصĸ֣ݵĽˣһĤݵĳ嶯ټǰӽŵ˵ɴУȥѰҩģ
ﶼǽͬβУɵأ
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ü򵥣ҵȶ׷·ˣôҲþܾȭȭ֮飬֮İɣ
˭룬ɸδЩݵĺܷһ棬³ĶʮˣûڶԷĿ֮С
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֮˻ɵľ֮飬תΪ˴δйޡ


119 ˻
һǰա
ɫһܼСɽͣӵǰķԸһжǰⱳɽȡ˴Ƶݣλɽִӵ֮УӦǸӪĺõط
𣬿ζ磬ǵ˵ЦҹдúԶ
һȺӣȡ˿鿾⣬һԶԶ뿪ĬĬԡ˺ƬУšżССľƺ«һǧ𥡣
ҿǰ˼̳ţȥ˵ģǬлмʮȥǧģƣҲǺһһ㡣
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ҹӣŷԶյ쳣ɽ漴˺ѷκ
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ӭܵü죬ת˲Դ˹ȥ
ҡϵӵľȻֹֻڿն𣬱һֻץź죬δعԼǰݳŵ뻳Уá
ǳɽʱǸҰ߹ǵŵӣ˲䣬һԳۣһѽӾק
ǰĿռխһֻܽ䰴ϥϣ䶯Σ˲ôˡ
ǰ·ת˲˸ǰ𽫽ס·ڣһƬ𺣣˵
һͫ΢ֱ۳͵Ļϡƥԯͬʱһ˻һ㣬һͷ˻𺣡
̼䱻ΧŰֱƤͣüëҪˣסҪ
һƳץ죬˫ͺһȥ͵ǰһ˦ֵӣ֫ڿգ߸գ۴𺣣˳ȥ
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룬ת֮£һԼİɫ⻪͸סһȫɿ־һż۵Хȥ


120 Ӧ
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Ļ⣬ӳӰҡβһбţȥ

ЩĹεĶëʤſڵϣݺ˰ƣͻмϣ˷ܵɫ
Ļ棬ëʤ˵šеĻҲȼš
ɽӣⷨӲ򲻹ǣǣЦһ˿
ɽעԶĴβסеĿ⣬鶯۽ǣһҲôĻ͡Ȼƾˣܽ﷽ԲľͬʱȼģҲɵıӦ
Сɽ˵ҹģܲܳȥëʤЦȴ޵ǵ˵
ɽҡҡͷ˵ôֵܣòϹ۰ɣ
̰˯֮ʱ󣬱ǲҲˡʲôƨˣҲճɷɻҵġֻǡͷɽʵֻǣǧ֮ڽɽְǻӵĻġ
ɽҧӣѪ˿һǰ϶˵Ƭɽܽиĵƣѿġһ٣ȴ˵ЩˣǳǧΣģˣ
ҿҵȻ뿪˵ذɡ忴ҵɽִЩļµ˵
ɽ˴ϷڣǼʮһǶʮĻƣ˿žĶǡ
˲Ҿӭȥͬ޴ĻѣԶɽľɱ档
ܵķɿ죬һĹ򣬱ܳ·
֮ǰ˱ԶƬɽ֣֮زز
ͻȻڱܵˣȴԼͬģȻͣ½ŲֵĿǰ
ʮɽУŸ߰ȵʮˣһſסɽ˵ȥ·
ӳ£ͻȻðЩˣɫȴɭȻɱȴ
֣½סȥ
ߣϷվסһ߳˶죬Ȼӿ죬εĿ־סȽš
亹꣬Ųһ
һλǰü룬ɷǣȴƱˣ˲
˹μɡⳡٲ˸ϵϷ˵
ߵɣδɽ˷ϣƿԶĴüͷԸ¹µӰΣɴ⡣ȥǰ鿴
ӦһΣ㻯һӰŶȥ
״ɽĵױ²²һԳһ𣬻̻̲עЩˡ˷Ƕ˵ĸṦ˱֪ܲˣֻ
ɵˣɽ׳ӣߴʵ
һۣߵϷˣĪǲ𣿡
ߵһƳɽ׹ߣһԵƣǲݽĪʱ޷ƵĿֻΡ
ɽȽֱȴأǿţ۾޺˵ֺλкξ壡ú
´ɽһۣĮ˵ǸأҲ޷ҵȱɵˣǰйˣ
ëʤӺ̲ס̾ɽͷҲӿصʧ뱯
첻ţɽ鱯룬Ļмɫһ޹ҰںúΪֻΪѪ˭룬첻ۣûЩûԵֵΪɽҪѰȱ𣡡
ǰ˵ı߿ߣԼⳡԹ߲йһɽҲͲСˣȴëëŵġ
߿ԶĻ⣬ݻǴ顢ڷԲˡ
߻δ䣬ʮѷɿ콫ɽΧڵ䡣
ɽֱͦ׺ǺЦĪһרУҽڣ޳֮ȣ
ȥɣҲ˱үүǸЩյƴˣëʤ˻ɤӣŭ
ֵһͬ·ٵ壬ƴġ
ֵǣ·ˡ
Χɵĸǣ֮ʣޣŷĶ־
ѾõıжѪԵŭţϵĻ
ɽ˻ӶŭУɶ˻˳ȥ
ûе⽣ӰȾûоĶǵɱתۼ䣬˵ڵء
ʮֵĽɱһ֮䣬˵ض
ɽڵϣһ޵Ѫ졣еأѵ߸˹֮ʣͶ˶첻ۡӦ
뿪˵أµ飬ɽʰɣߵһԸʮ˷ɿɽ֡


121 ɳ
һУ˶ʮԽһɺԵĿӹȣԶ˻𳡡Ĵӳ˰ߵա
Ŵ˿׷ЪϢȴԼͬģһԶĻ𺣣Ĭ
һͷḧס
֮ʱһʶѹǿмۣºէһ̲ס˻
ŵòᣬһֻºοⲻ˵ͬ顣
˿˿Ƶķθ֫УһᣬԴһ
Сӣҿ㼰ʱʾȻͲһôˣԪ⵽һߣǵһҵ˵
һ죬ʲôԼģѾȥˡ
һ֮£СӣĪɣԪԶĻ⣬һ̾
ԼֻʱƣӦƶΪˡϾһˡһš
̧ͷ죬ɫȻաֻٽӹʱƽʱǺ˵ŨƮ
ⳡһʱͣˡ
һŹ󣬴˴˹ŷԵǱģһѬǰ㣬Ŀ˻ȡЦҹһ٣¡
ϵ˱紦˼ЪϢȻû̵ļ󡣵һˮЩ
쵽ʱļ˻˵ڼʮɽУμɣץʣԷܲһƴɱ˽סⳡǶ
ϴ·©֮㣬˴ݻʮ֮١
ڼɱԷϸδϳҲûʣ˱ɱȻ֮¡
̽ܵƣյƬɽΧǿĺӵɽ·յءݴĴӡȻⳡͲŰʮôˣհǧ
źӹȶһ޼ʵ֣˺²ѡҲûмǰеһԵʡ
ɽҲⳡոûˣݻɿⳡˡ
Ҫոǧɽ֣ӳ£Ϊһ·һĳšɽ٣
ɵӲΧŻߣ»ƽһӡ
ⳡһֱյ˵峿ʮ𳡲ŽһֱŲȥɽˣ˿
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˵к֮£
ǿӪأɺѱһҽǣǽ岻вϵѾ롣
ɽ˽ȥѰѵӵʬס﷽ԲڣѰ飬òҵһǸ˼˵ǣλ˵źɡںӹȱΪڣ˿鱮Ǹλһ
ⳡ𵢸˼һдҴ̡
ǰУͣ˰աľ಻ɿͷֻǵԻɽҲϡµ·ࡣ
ղڣǰһʮ˼ҵС䣬ֶӡ
ּ䣬Ʈһ㵭ȮͣԶӭԶˡ
ɽȥѰ˻ԣ˼ңͳЩӣ˸ԺӣԱŰЪ
˵ǴԺӣֻǱΧǽĵͰСԺԿЩȴϲȥС˼ңǸԣЩģҲǼҾʵˣȲĴ˼ҡ
ֻǴļһֱòϴ̣˻ңˮϴһ£Щ˯һǳ⣬ѵõĿˣ
ͣڵԵĿյϡ˻ðĵ⣬ɢˣȥѰʵ˼ңæϴȥˡ
ԪʦͽԼںĵӣɽһԺӡ
һڿյϣҿûˡԼҪȥδ
һŵĻ۲ۣȴƬȾϴҲûк÷ҪסںδҲ֪ͷǰСӡ
·ԣϡΧŵģǴİʮݣвģ߳һصļשĿ
Ժ֮䣬СһŲǰš
ǰһԺš֨ѽһ߳ˣһһŮӲţͷǰȥ
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ﰡҲãɴڼءСҿɳأ
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ϱˣ߶߶ͣһעӶ˱Ӱ˼ɳС֮ˣҡҡͷţԶԼ£˹ȥ
СͷֱߵһСԺڣˡ
ſڵľϣһƳˣһ˫۳췭ţɫȻԺ˶ʹ⼷ţҿˣȴһڣֺЦ
ɳϸӿѮجβϣԸʳⲻ𣡡һϺһĺӣ˸ǰĹ
ǽϣ֧ѣյСԺͨ
ԺЩоηҷ˵ݡЩʵͽףȴӳţֵ
ɽƣ
ɤɬɳƣֺߺͣ͸ɭԺסҳ
Сӱүүһѣսսǰȥɴ۾֡
֦᾵ָСӡ֮ϣŵǺһ£ͷүү
˵ָһָצѸСͷ͵ջأббָһ߳Ǭ跨йһ
һƻⱻյһŻͷžһ졣
Ժ̾̾ˡһƬ
СҲŵڵŲŲɵɵģ֢ͬ


122 
ǰ˵ķ죬˵ͦظͬɤСεĹ»ţѱɽʩչ֮»Ҳˡ
Ϻǰӣͨһ£ߵײֹллɳʩɳͨ죬̾Ϊֹɳӡ𣿡
ɣ˲ĺһɽ˽֮ʩΪֱܻôĪҰĵм٣
Ϻ֣æðɳС϶һ⣬ɳЦɣ˵ţӻͳӣ˫ֹϡ
ԻĽӹӣѵ׳ҲҪԷİӻذɣС˯һˣ
Ϻл֮һѽС§ڻУ˵У߳Ժӡ
ɳӸߵˡ
ǱϱŵӣǰΡΡһԵϱֲţҲֻɫ󣬸һ
Ϸ˲ؾл˵Ŀ¶⣬ƳһŮӣºࡣ
ӻͳһóһ߻ƵЩᣬĦһһģǰ˵ͷµĴ֮Ҷӳɻ࣬ϱȴۿӼҾҪϺˣⱦкáձɳֻɳͨӼҿ֦ɢҶӱţҲʹã
ϱѵͷ΢ŵĵͺһҲֻ˵ڣȴϱǰ޴档
˽Ż⣬е塣߻ƹӣˮ֪ﲻϲ
ź룬ۣͷ˵ҲֻѰϡֻϷһƬ֮ģɽȴ֮ˣ
Կɳƴǣȴ˫ֿտգѲӰ
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СŮҲʮ߰ͣ䲼ȹȴҲȣ㡣ʹڴɼϸ֬
һĭŸĪ˵ɽ˹⸾ˣ¶ֹȴܰΨʩǬ̩ʱϷ˱ӵ£
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תһ˹˵ɽʩĴЩΥͰ
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ǰģҲǳ̾һ˵˵ˣɽһԴȱΪƴУһذɣ
ʩлһ֣ɵĽ˵ϱȥԡ£շšڲ׼ݣܼˡ
һϲһǣæʵĪҶϱҪղԲȣɳʱأ
Щͷ˻֣˵˽ɽ˷ǳ겻ԲкηοֻǶ̶أɽоϣȥհ켴ɣضԣ
Υ֣ǡ
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ͻȻһɤӣСԺȥֻɳһαӻ
УԺ˹һƬߵͲĹɳĺ˵ĽڣƼһ㣬ŻһӰʧǰ
һ̾Ժ½ɢȥȺеһҲȻҡͷ
λʩ֮ʱһȺۿĵͷȴ˺󣬵Ҳ
½ΪȣһʼղҶʶ̽ԷԷ򣬻һƧи˲ɣ
һͲȴҲо̬ôˣǸˡɫһǼ黫թ֮ͽԺһʮ񣬸һǴСġ
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ȥ֮ʱֳ˺ôĶһ಻סķųʶ͵͵̽ӶԷȴȻ֪ġ
γɵķ׵磬ǽ֮ƾն˽µȴǴġз׺Щ֪ĶЩôأ
һ벻סǿˣȥʱõǽеṦҲһ˿
˵УҲǷ׺һЩĪĶоͬ˲⡣
һҡͷЦ֮治Сл
˲֮ˣ֪ķôҽǸŮӣ
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ϱ߹ʱһһáڿӰֻһˣŮӿڵлˣ
Ӧģлһ˵
ףСǱˣ䵹Ǻʹͣ˽Ų
ǽ·֮ˣϷǰ룡һͷʾ⣬ǰ档
Ӱ£ŮӺЦǰ̸º͵ˣ˵ӱ·Щİɣأ˵꣬Ʋʲôæֺߵתȥ
Щͬ飬й䣬֣һ˺Уʵ֪ɳԺδأĪǲĸˣ
ˣ˷ܵĽӻСʶɳֶΰɣǻɰأ˵ɳԺɽǰεˣٲӼҴɳ٣ܱˣǺǣ
˵ЩˣŮֵ
Ϊ⣬Цʹˣ߶ϱְɳӼҴΣκ˼˵Ĺֲأ㿴˼ֶΣʲôȻɳԸȥԹԵԡ£ȴɳʩɲҴඣ
ŮɬĻعˣһͷ·˶ԻԸаοһ·𣬶ڴ˰ΣȻǺߵġ
ӣǰǺᣬȥȱȲ裡ſڣϱ˵
һҡͷ˵в㣬ţǣ
ϱֺһפܣ˼Ƭ̣ȥ


123 ɽ
һɽִһӣҲЩӪûˡɵֻ¶Ұޡ
һվԼĴ󳵣겼ΧһȦ硣Щܺ¶ĵǣĽѡ
ӼҴ壬ڵˮϴˣȷ˶ӣһǳխСѣҲûˡֻǶССĴ˵ɵʮˣԵ̫ˡ˳ĵסһ⣬ĵֻܷɢסޡһ񷿣һҲܼȥˡ
һǸ֣¶һɲݣƤӣ겼һΧ£˫Ժ󣬱Ŀ
ѲҹӵĽŲżɭԶȥɽҹˡ
һǰžڵ˯ó졣
һݵӰƮפƬ̣ԾԺǽǰкһƣϢ
Ժ˯εʲô£Цתӣû˶ĶϱŵķԸԡɾѣ¶ԡ
Ů£˯Ĳ̤ʵУ棬˷ŻԺ۾ڰУֻһͬȵԼ
ŮӾ֮£ҪУ漴ǰһڣʧȥ֪

ʱڳµһȻ۾

һĹӰƮݣֻǼ϶˸ˣݵԵӷЩȴ׸һ㣬ɳԺǽֱ϶ȥ
˴ӣӰͣУǰɳۡ
ʱӰǰһʮɸߵСɽͣ٣˿ڴɽȥ
ɽһưܵСԺڣһŵƻ
Ӱһͷ˽ӣҹɰĽţɽһˡ
ھѬ죬һƬǽ塣˯ŵöһ˯ۣǼ˿һŮӽϲʦˣһСӣ
һ۽ǣɫ׵ˣĿ¶⣬ڨЦžҪ֣˵ʦۣͽϣʦң
Сӻãֺ˵ɶҲҪʦһݵЦ
˽ŮӷݽǵĴ֮ϣЦӵΪʦС˵˴ߣָ֦ȥ˯ŮӵҫͽǣΪʦĺ֮
ʦ𰡣һ·ҲЪϢһ£ЩС£ͽܴͰɣ۾Ƥǰȥ
һȥְŵģ˻һ˹ȥ˵Ϊʦɽ˵ͷǰ׽еģʮ·ʲôΪʦͣ
Ǹ۽ǵˣһƨˤڵϣɺֲĵ
ݵͽܵͷޣʦ𰡣ӶҪúöϸģٺ٣
˴ǰ͹µŮӣЦȥ߶ȻһЦһİ𣺡һѣס֣
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һǸˣʱֹʦͽ˵ĶС
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ҹʱ֣Ӱһٽӣ㱻һһ·
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Сӣģʱ
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һ俴Ƶˣ˵˭㲻֪ɽҰС֪棬ƭƭɫҪ˶㶥Ĥݣж£ʵ޳
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һԣüͷŶԷţʵɽãõˣ
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۽ǵǰһҫʦõĸˣڵλ磬°ݣ
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ƴһɢɽɫһǰƳȣԨͣɽһ㣬˲ð
Сӣû˵ҵͷǲõɽ˳£׷һ䡣⾿ðСӣɱս
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ʦ䣡ͽܣʧʱĴ
ת֮䣬ʦͽ˱ʧɫ
һԭδδǰһָһ٣͵صͷ˹ȥ
ɽɫ䣬һ֮ʣһƻǽϵĴһӴڴ˳ȥ
顪
ȻըͽܵģɽĻǻУ̵ֱС
һһ˦齵ĻǱһߣָƿնڱļһһͷԵڵأû˶
һϻ˯ŮӣһһԾ˴ڣ⡣
ݺɽϣϡ¹£ɽ˲δߣڿյ֮ϣ˼ƣһ
ҵ֮º𣬵ֵ͡СҲɽ˻ֶΡɽҹɰ𣬼Է֪ǳ˹Уȥɡ˫趯ʮɫԲɳ۶
顪
һҵը죬ĽµСɽڻζضɽҡ֮ʣɽһһû


124 
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״ɽ˲һĪʮͷͻҲܺƬ޴˷ֺоĪͷһҧӻͳȭͷԲһת˵ҽססɽ׸
δ䣬ɽֱһԲصķһͬʱ˫ֲͣ׳ʮСԲ֮󣬱ͷҲأתɽ
ͬ죬ס£Ҳᱻըøͷɽ˼黫׳Բ򣬲룬已̥ԡܡġֲô޼ɵ֪;˵أ캦֮£ػѡ
ٶ룬һһΣԾУ˫һʮСԲ־һʮԲѸһ˹ȥ
ոɽɽ񱼣ȴķ֪׳ȥ׺ֲʹˡæһܣЩСԲȥƸٿѵ
ɽǱ޿ɱܡ
䡪
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һ𣬽űǲ֫м䡣
һӰлΣһȻҡҡͷ춯ǾˣɼЩԲӵЩףþʲô֣ʲôˣһУΪС
ѵɽɽõˣ
ڽҲǺպĴɣɵĵλʵЩ׷ֲġ
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һĿɽһƳһץĵϣڿշһϸ
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벻һҽȴֻңϱҲ˽ȥЩ֪ɽˣԼ׺ƬҲʳӦá
ϡŹֵֶΣЩŵЩƭ˵ļգ
󻬣Ĵ֮Ӧǲ֮ֻǴﾹδٵˡһ壬Ҫ䴧뻳У꣬ȴ¾ϸϸ
СƴС˫ξӣƽûʲôͬҲûʶָУǶһͼ
һǣͼһ󷨡
һ죬ľϴԪµУɽõһ֪
Ƕ󷨣˵С֮ãֻļֵƣ֮һͷ׾ݣҲû˼ŪЩĥȴ״μǶ󷨵壬ԴȤ
ʶϸϸУһͼԺС
ͼ򵥣һĿȻ֣֮Ҳ¿סֻΪΣУľҪǿڡˮأ
һ壬Ŀ˼ʱ𣬻Ȼ״۾¶֮ɫ
УᣬȻƽ֮ľоĹá
һ壬Ĳ档ڴ֮ң˵ҲӦǼֵƵıˡ벻ƫƧСеƶũУҲĺö
ԶҴ֮֮£־һ£㲻ö֪ˡ
˵ͼԲʶǶģھһ²ⲻͬɽһ㣬Щ˼ֶΣͬˡ
ɼƭҲŵͬҵרе󷨣˵֪úַƣֻ˵׼䣬и˴ڵġ
ɽ壬ʶǶУԺлᣬҪೢԡżȻ壬һһֶһ
صǼ˴ӣŵһüͷ˶ɽ˳ζͶŻΪʦͽġˣźˣ˵Ǹɾ
Ůӻ˯ѣǱɽ˵˻˯ѨΪ⿪Ҳʡȴһ鷳˾˱ã飬ʵǲعʡ
һϵŮӣҹĻС

峿ʱӼҴһСԺУһŮӵľ
ʲôԸˡ

ϣԪ˫ڳ⣬ûΣҲûƽĸͷмֳļơ
·ԣľľ޾ͷһɲķ羰
Խ˺ԺϣͣЪˣҹһա
´Уÿռ䣬·Է羰ȻˣԪҲˣ˵Щĵˡ
֣߳Ȼࡣչȥһǧ·̣һ
Сӣ⵭ԣ޵ȻɰԪӰ˵š
һһ공˯ݳҲǳĬԣ߶ղķ羰ҲϣȵϵҲп
ǰͷ֣˾ˣҲϰΪˡȴأǲأ
һ̧ͷ죬·ͬһգһխûоͷ
ǺǣСӱϵǲ˵˵ҲįԪĿбЦ⡣
һҲЦˣ˵еͬУԶΣͽУҲǿ°
ԪһСӣ£һͷСӣȫûڼʱ鶯ϵҲĲ٣ǷƵѨ֣ѧ˶գҲ޽չˡһ˵Եһ߶֪ȫòһҶ֪СأǷһҵķƵѨ֣㽫Ұƹ۵Ĳ֮ѧȥϵίʵܡ
˵˴Ԫתһһ̧ǰ˵ʱܽѨʩչһأԴˣϵΪڴأ
һ˼ģ˵ϳ֪ѧ˰ƹ۵ĵѨ֣һ£ºأ
Σţ⣡ԪӲΪȻ˵
ƵѨ֣ǵҵģδؾһŹ档룬ϳǣǻҽѨ˵᲻أһһЦ
Ԫһץסһĸ첲۾һɣȻ˵УԲУûϵ㲻ܽѨִˡ
һĿͶǰЩΪѵ˵һҪʩչžѧҪȴԵˣ
Сӣָϵһ֣Ԫɫһ㬵һˤ䡣
ҵҪЩˣ
Ԫһб䣬æǰȥȻǰͣ


125 
ǰ·ڣһʮ˵סˡ֮˽źۣſһö׵ıǡ
ԭõˣһ·ϣǲͣԪ
֪࣬˵ҲСӳʶһ˵
СҲ֪ѧԪ룬Ƴһһδк쳣ſ˵ıѩۣ֮ɽѩɽȴһɽļͬ˵ɽˡ˻ǧ֮ԶӦŵʲôŸİɡõûʲô߾书ֻһ൱
һһ׷ʵϸأ
Ԫҡͷ˵ھϵ֪١ֻͬһ㣬Եֵˣһ㲻Ըǡ
ۼʶ𣿡һʵ
ûУԪ˵ǰŵʦܲɽţڽ޶ȴܹܡһֵܵС
˴һ¶ЩŹֵɫǸʲôɽˣɱǸŵʦܰɣֻǴѳ˷ɻңǲǱˣֻ׮ͷˡ
ʱ·ڵУһʮ׳ɵ˱ȭ˵ɽŵױˣʣǲɵĸݰٴ˴
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һ֣ˣֻľ߹˵
λ˴ȥ·;գ֮ʱ£áöסʮö׳ɫλЦɣȫݳ⣡
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Ҳһɱδϵ˼Цġһʱ֮䣬ò⣬ֻϳˡ
õֻΣɽޱ飬˵
ױһ㣬ɽʩ˵λǰʾһǾλ
õ֮䣬иŶʮԶױһõĵӣһСԲһȥ
һʮԶһףԲ֣ڼһڴֵϡ
顪
һľ죬һƬ˻ǿѱըءĿɿڴױ֮˽ɫ糣
ЩõˣһЩԲͶֻΨһģǵͷˡɽľһܵ
ǰ⡮һöסɵʮöƲף㲻Ϊλʾˡױ̸ֹ̬У͸ų
ɽͷƬ̣üо˸˵˱üȻ֪ҪЩʲôأ
ױȭףңֻɶ̹;һ˳λеҩԸá͡סһ
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ױǱȭлִõӳľУ˵롮ס֬ʱǳֱɡϳԣþλ
ǰױףŵӣõ²ˣǲˡɽԵͷǰľ֮ɫһתЦָպŴֿģ˵
ױʦһͽܰ·;ңԶ㵢飬Ƿ񡭡
Աһȭ˵ǰõӷУó·

Сӣ˰Ԫһѵ
ǰһУһҡҡͷôԶΪϳԴǺһŵ㽫Լڵϣʵ벻סһʻ
ֺĴõǰ߹ɺ߲޲֮ɫʵʵ͵ģ
߳ԶԺõ˲ȥδĽǰǰ
룬һ̲סʵܵõʲô
СӣΪʧȥʲôԪӷһ䡣
װͳװһҲ룬ڻһ䡣
ǺǣЩף˻𣿡ԪЦ
ȻûˣõĲؼƲġһ˵
ԪǺһЦŶԭˣ
ϵŪ飬һһƲ¶Ц⡣
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һȥʧȥʲôǱ˴˫ܵõʲô
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ʵҲΨһѡ
վõеõôϡСߡ
ϲȻɹĵҩҪͬУӦͬƹ۵Ԫ㣬Թ֮ɵһУҲġ
вֺɣβ̬պЩ
²߱ǿиɣȥұȥɵǿƣöදӣҲ֪ȴ˫ģֻƴɱһ;ˡ
ϣúҲ˶Σͳû˵ףԴֺɡˣ÷ķֻЩεչ֮ʱñԽս֮飬ָͷ
ڽ˵һҶȴҲöأ֮
ʾõãȻ֮⡣ЩĶĵҩҲʾʾֶΡн֮µ̵棬˵ʧá
һ·ɱϣٽеĵжɶʾõĽɣǾ磬ԼҳΪ¼ҹˡֻͷŵܽɽеɽΪ£ͬһõĺɣҲһ塣
Щɣթݣ˿롣
һҡҡͷЩ߰ĶԺ󡣿ߵԪӣɵð̾ϵִ
һɵĵˣһУͽܣͷ¶ޣ̤һδ֪Ҳδ·
ԪʦͽΪ˵ҩһףϵԼʦͬļ֡
ÿе붼ͬǷִţȴ˵һ¡
;УһҲֻһ·ˡ
ֻǣ쳾ۣ˭ᵹ·ߣ˭ߵøԶأ


126 
СӣʲôûУ
Ԫɣ̬еԶյĹ£̶ޡ
ľϡˣҲࡣ
磬ӭ洵һԺĳĿǰǹŵЦ⡣
õ˷ֱǰУֹȥա·ԵľϡͷһխգҲ˺ȥ˲εĻ
죬һУЦﲻϡ
ԪֱͦΪ˸˵߳ˣǰӦɳ޵ؽ˰ɣǺǣɳޱǸ߲ˡ˵˴۽ߵСֳϵŶ߲ǾǣҲ֪ªţ
ϵƳ˼һЦŲ
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ֻǣüþڣպӣνǿƾһǡԼһ֮ĳνǹªأ뵽˴һԳЦ
СӣϹʲôأֵãߣ
СһЦû£ΪȻԪӣɵһʾ˵ɳǧҰ޼ʲݳ⵹һõطɳݡҶݡݡݣβӾƣǣν̵ݰˮԱ£ɳޣǣȥ󺣡Ǻǣ˴ҾҲͲԶඣ
Ԫӵ˼˳ˮƮȥˡһȴĥţɳݡҶݡݡݣ֮Īֻһɺϣ
ʱ֣ǰ𽥿֪Уǰһ·֣ԭȵޱ޼ʣһʧˡµ·ߵ˾ͷ

ͣ˽ŲĿп
һƬտĲԭߵĿݲ£̳ӿ
ӭķ紵Ұ͸żִϢ

Ŵ󳵣һڲݵϣһǧ𥣬Ŀ⵭Զ

£һֻӥڹ¶İ裬įǻ侲ֹĳһһɫ磬ݺȥ
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һ¶ǳǳЦ⣬ź«ָסһ¡һ̣һХӥһɳ죬Ц񷡣
߸ϵĲӥǹ¶ģݹ¶ӵԼա

߳˴ָǵĺݺͣЪããԭ
½ɫͣ޼ʵĲԭһƬɫĺԶԶģʮඥİɫձɢ䣬ϵƶƮ䷲䣬ַ·öڲи֡
߽ˣձ⣬дľդΧƣԶгȺţȦһ
ֻߴȮš
ձӭƤ۵һȺˣձñ£ɫϵЦݣ֮ģڵͲ衣
ǲԭϣһѰС塣
ıʮˣڲԭ棬ܡһʮˣӹǲƣȴŲҲʮ꣬˪˶ࡣʮҲ꣬һ׳뺷
ÿ͵ϰףڲԭϣѾáˣȻҲ⡣ҵкɽ˽ձ𻰣Ըɱһֻţʮֻ򣬲׼ƣԶĿˡ
ҹ𣬱ΧһȦȾƣ⣬̸Цһá
һԶԶһ磬һ̾ƣһڣģԴһ˿ζζģģһζüͷ¾룬էһȣ治ϰߡ
úܲȾأ
һɤ𣬴ŷһ׳һƨһԡ
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ڲ¶ʮͷͣСͣɵơһȡ˿齹ƵĿ⣬šۣʱһ̾ƣҲ⡣
ֱ죬ŸЪϢ
һҹȥճ
֮ʱһŷ֣жǸڲµˡԪһ˵Ȼ
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ڲŰ䵶Ϲһ乭󻹴һƥԭϣԵӶԴк˷ܣڶǰ档
һУ˲ԭ֮գԭ
عҰããһƬһ޶ĿݲݣĵƣҲûʲô˱治嶫ϱڲΪ򵼣ЩÿӪ֮أҲѰˮԴ
һҲԭֻгƬعˣڲ㣬ټĲԭļ䡣ձֻ˯ĵطԭǵļҡ
ɫƹһʱҪڲ´ŴѰҽӪˡ
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ʲôǰĵ˺
ǣԭϵǣ˴
һҲûǣ֮ŤͷȥֻʮԶ֪ʱֻɫǣȮࡣֻЩβ´ӣǰˡ
Щɱ֮
ͻȻðļֻҰǣôĿŵں׺Уɵӡǰһͷ˻Ұӭ˹ȥ


127 
Ǻ֮ˣƢҦӣֱһֻҰǶȥ
һСȺǹֻһĽСĵģɿΧ˰Բ¶
ΪֻԺˣùҦӵͷ͵һԾ
ҦǹЦһһѪ׷ڰգˤڵϡ
ֻһԾܣһʱǰȴӣϵҦӣֹǰɭɭݣŴѡǾбıŰ֮⣬˵
ҦȴǵסƣһȦͷ̽ӣʬβͣ߸߾żֻҰһëһүүɱһưһ˦ʬ׳һƬʺѪ꣬üֻҰæβԶܡ
Ҧʦ䡪
ӴкãҦЦţתͷʬ˻

ڲ¶ǰ棬̧ͷ죬üͷ쳣ԭҪȥӪزˣҪѰһ
Ȼ˼ҵ򵼣ȲܹүүУҲҪڲǺúӲСɱҪȥǸطΪӪػЩǿ
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һֱµڲ£Ķͷʱɫ䣬æ󺰣Ҫӵӵ
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δ˵꣬ڲԶԶԶģСءĽ
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ڲһ˻һ˳ȥ
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ԶǵĺԽԽƷڣҹɫˡ

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ƥжǣߣһľ֧ţϪˮڷšųڳǰȴŸģ
һԪӵͽܵõԸ˵ʹŴƵȺͻϮͳɡ
ԪԪˣĦȭƣԾԾԣԪһٺűʵЩ
Ԫӱɽʱһൣ
ԴˣһȻװͿ
ȼյͨźѹ˴Ϣ֮һ
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ϸмԪԪ˵Ĳһģ«һھƣʩʩȻ˳ʦֵܶһЦˡ
ԪࡢԪһеĳ
֮⡪һңңһҹգһ˵
ֵܣ˵㣬ҪԪ̧˸ƯĽǰ׾ʵϾǲмɫ
ԪҲźٺЦֵܣҪסʦֵأؾţ
ôôֳסˣλʦ֣ҪȥƣһվԱߣԴų϶˴Ȥ
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ԪָһЦֵѽԼȥǣαҪֵܶأ
һ˫һʣԹ˵֮ǣֵܶ˲Űֺαٶһأ
ͺɣûǣҲ֪ǸڲµҲûأԪҡͷЦ
һҲǺǺһЦ˵ˣ
ԪԪͬʱһԳ˭֪Цһգҹɫ˵Ż֮⣬ʱиˡ


128 Ϯ
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ԪʦֵܶˣȻֱ֮ϣ߬г־
𽫸𸽽յͨԶҹɫҲԵúڳġΧһȦˣ۾ȥ
ڰУȻ̹⣬ͬө㣬̹ࡣ
ͻȻһҹĻءͷһֻٿһûǹɲǼ֮ɽԶ飬Ұǣǵض
Ǿе̹⣬Ѫ⣬͸ÿ˵ĵס
֮ϣľС죬ȴ˾ʦֱ۲š
ʦ밲οʦãȴ̲סز˶һ𣬾ֵؿĴԾеҰǣƽ
Ǿþս˴СɽǰΣҲһģжǰ
ݾҡҡͷɢе⡣߬ȭͷƬ̣ϳС˵ҪҪ𡭡
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һԵԪӣɫüͷһԲ˶Ұǣֻ˱ᡣͻȺǣ˵ʮ⼸ǧֻҰˡããԭУӵδΧһƥᵽϢ١־Щ˵ǣ˻ţ궯
ԪԪ磬׻㣬˴֮ϣ⡭ôǰ
һμôǣһҲͷƤ飬ѽʶչȥ
ǧֻҰǣΨһĿ꣬ŸϵĻѾۼ⻹ܰˣиҰﲻĴʶһ죬ЩҰ̫ǳ˰ɣǸɶҦɱһֻǣἤŭ˶Ұǣ̫˲˼ˡ
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ˣ·ҲûˣԪѿڶ
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129 ҹ
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ѣӦŵǰȥӦһŵȣɣﲻ̫һǰʦֵܶӶͷеĳ
ԶҦӺݺݳһһڣмԱһĿɨˣҦӵ״ȻӲ۾
һɫ΢΢һ漴ɽ˵öջأ
ϳûɱвƽһ˵ǼٵġɶԷһ˵ɫҪͷָͦܲܶ𡣿ҶԷΪ˾ԼˡЩͷİڰ֣˵ѲãŰɣ
һĿϳһۣ˵еԲ򣬵ͷĬº
ɽ˿ƣҡ£ųԪӱȭ˵˶лĳĵˣ
ԪӿһԶȥҡҡͷЦ˵ˣģҡ
ɽüһ̧˰Ѻ룬ɫرתǸ˵ıӰ
һصǰԪԪִݡ
ʦܣұɱ˼ֻǶѣûҪʦҼƽϰɣԪָŵϵĺںһƬԵõĳŶԪ˵
ʦְҶնɱҰ·𣬿˭˭ٵģʦûôɣԪ粻ִš
ֻǶɱֻҰǵģʦܲطϣô˵ҲʦְԪͦظܴȵİοԪ硣
Ԫ粻ˣ۾˵նɱ˲ٵҰǣʦΪ˵Ҷأľ
ϵĽö˲δͬʱǰȥ
Ԫ಻Ԫ磬۾һ˵ʦܻˣõʲôơ
ŪҪըġʲôأһʵ䣬ûӰ
Ǻǣûʲôֵܶ˵˭ɱҰǶأԪЦ⣬һƵƵʾ⡣Σҹɫһûп
ôҰʬף˷˱ǣÿ˶նɱ˲٣ֺαΪִֵܺأһƳһ۳ϵĽöˣ˵
ôأֵܾӹΰֵܶ˸ʾ·ġԪڨڨЦ
ԪĿڴһȵǰ˵ֵ˵ֵܻǰġ
һİڰ֣תԶ˵Ҫˡ


133 ճ
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տĲԭϣǺƮĺԶͷģ֪ᷢʲô
ʱ׹ǶĿߵֳһĨסҹȺδԶȥ
ÿһ˶ƣҧڵȴţš
ȴʲôּʲô޴ӷ
һվƬ̣ɫһɣгʣ˳ͷ漴˳ǰ«һǧ𥡣
ǰһƬɱ¾սѪȵζԽԽءǺģˮǺģؽѪ죬Ѫѽ͸һС
Ǻߣ죬ԶΪȥͬ鱯ΪⳡɱڰÿһֻҰǣÿһӣ֮ǰľ֮С
һУһĳ֮󣬲β
ԪľֻȺЩ쳣һʶУѲת
ԶǺһֺȺҰǵĹȥȺȥ
û֪ȺΪ뿪Լٺ֮⣬ûԸȥЩΨһˣԶǺжһֽ
̧ԶȺˮȥں棬һעŸϵˣ֮󣬲ųһתȥǸԶĺУǲʣʾ
ɫȺУɫıӰôĿ
һ£ȺʧӰ١Щҹɫ̤ȥҰǣͬÿһͷ̣˲ףͻ
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ʱһĨײˣ̶뵣ѤĿĳϼ飬εȻڵϼУȻ䣬âѪĳ
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ӰĽ£ǽҰѪӡѪУίһƣĵӣֻ˵Уҫ
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ͣȥȺδأ˲˿ҹʧٵĵҲѰ类Ұǿɵֻʣ¾߹Ǻֻűݲ
ƥʮֻһĪչƾ˫ţ߳ããԭأ
ڲ뼾ˣСյЪϢ£һЩһͬԶȥ
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һ£ҵɽҪȥѰЩܶƥԼӵݣ˾ٶҲ˵ùȥ
ɽüͷǲʣһ˵Ѱ㼴̻Լһȥɣͬ
λɵĳ϶һ˰죬ŵͷȥԣ˵ѰҲ޷ġ
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ԪҲڳϣŽµбȻ˵ϵζˡ޵ʮ꣬ûС˵ĵǺǣ
ͽܣʵҲġڲЩϵǼˡĻ谭֮Σ֮Ϊ֪ϵֻӻڹԸȺҪٻˡ
Ԫź룬һη죬ЩҪ˵ΪԼΪͽܡ
һĲ֮ڹͣεĲԪҲ޴ӵ֪ϵԼ۹⣬ǰСӾǳ֮
¿У˱ĪĵѨǰƹ۵ķƵѨ֣ԪӸȷԼжϡ
ʴˣһ·֮ϣԪӶĳν۽½һζ׽
ֻǣദվˣĿ͸ˡ
ǰһСӣʼնǹʵģÿϸϸʱܸ˲ͬĹ۸С
˵СʵҲȻ˼֮ΪͷҲΪ
ز¶ǰ̽˵Ϊ˵СӣȴҲûзиڹ
ҹУȺÿ˶Թ˲ϾԼͽľö˽԰Ȼ˵С޹أϵš
УСӱڸµĺ棬ε֪ϳϵľ֪ԾƵİգ˵ǡôأ
һȺȥһ㣬Ȼ˵ĺ档
ĪǣСӵ书Ҫ߳Լһڹӹ棬Сд˾磬Ҳ̽ԪӰҡͷڹ޳ɾ޽ݾߣⲻһʮ޶Ѱ
ֻйŹ֣һϵҿеڴˣ
Ԫӵ˼һȻֻֻֻ֪Ѫĺˡ
Ⱥˣ
ε֪ģԪӶһʵ
ܴȺ뿪˰ɣһڴ
أģǳȥѰģȷԪӵ˸Ц⡣
һһתݸȺˣԼѰȥϵĵġҡͷЦһ˵Ƿֱɵˡ
ԪӺǺһЦһĻҲΪȻɵ˵ǻˡ


134 в
ڲ뼾ҹɫٵʱ򣬻ˣʮƥһƥȱӭж⡣
ʱ֣һڲµĴ£С
֮ʱĶʮˣϻõʮһˣֻʣʮˡһµĹ򣬱ʧȥˡϤЦڶߵЦһͬȥõԲԭʼ˷ܡ
ÿиУ·ϵҲ˳պʱ֣˷Ż˽Ų
ȥ֮⣬ٸɫձһƬţȺ
ڲ˵˲ԭĸأӦһĲ䡣
еýˣһĿӭƮƤſıǡڲ¸ˣǿ̻Ƿ磬ͼ־
ڱصĹУǷСҲԽв䡣
ڣһԸߴձǰɫĲʾ˵ʺ磬ܵ׺ɷǺÿЩŽʢװǣϢÿϵЦݣʾŽգĴϲ֮ա
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ֻǣɫձϲ쳡棬롣
ǰվˣһʮֵͣģ۾ų죬һĺп롣һʮ׳ףںϣ͸żֽɫ
ӭ׵δǲǰ;⣿׳ǰһ˵
תеָ죬̾˿˵ң˴ľͬáľʵĲ䣬ûиߵ͹֣֮˴ʵ·Ů޹ȥϼףƬԭõİ˭룬̼
߻ɤ͸żΣĿƳǸӣһתʵ棬οأ
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пһзߵĿ˸ɿһߡͷˣҲԼ֣ޱ飬ĻΪ
һֽ˵̼ʵ̫ӴǧʵĲ䰡ڲԭϣҲһ֮˵̼ҵСӲ񲻺ʮͷ׳£ֿܻѱǲԭϵӢۡ˶ҼҵСķѾáҪһҲǼżˣһҡ
ˣ棬Ҽҵİ뻢𣿡һԵ׳ҲͲסһĻ
ŵһ£˫ۣίһ̯˫֣ԹôҲ壬ҵĳϣ㣬ô˵أҪ֪Ҳʵʵ˵ΪңҲǿһƬأ
ֶʸӣ˵˵ʴϣҪΪ
ˣǱˣʶϺһƽ֮ʣ΢΢Ϣ£ǰһ棬εı۾
мб棬ҲǱܡľңһǰҶ£ҳϵ˶׾ơ񣬳׵ӵˣӭ׵ȴûڲԭϣ顣
Էʲô⣬ҲӸšۼʱѵľûһĶҵǶˡ澿ʲô͸ԽҲ벻
ϣԶһһĺӣձ
Ǻľҵ𣿡ֱ۾
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ǰİϣڷ̾ơ⣬ըĹӣʳ󿪡һƣһڣץ⣬Թ˵ĳ
ʽɽԪλӡ
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һٱڲҡҡʾ⣬΢Цһڲ´ЦţˬʵЦݣͷ⡣ң̹ϣ
н˶ЩʵɫҲһЩʲôϳԪӣʶȤĵͷԺšΪⳡĻرˣҪľٶǡֵˡʳɾĸˣȻζ
ߵƵƵٱһ˾룬΢¡ĶƤ˱ãǸİڰ֣΢ЦȰơ
Ʋˣˣ컯֮£ܲȥһӵˮɡ֮£һƤţʤģߵ˹Ц
һձ̺ϣ۾գȴڹʱƤһ̧Ťͷȥ
һɿδͣѷ£ŻѪ볡У̴ѵʮ֮⡪


135 
һֱصʣȻǰİŭĿԲ߳ҵأΪûмʱʾж
ǰĺӣ޺˳ǧҵҲڶʮԷ˵ɱƴӻġϣҪΪȥֵܱ𰡣
䡪
ӵĻδ䣬ը˹˳䵶ֱ¶ŭݣϡ
̼ҵģãܺáһֱŵģһ䵽˹ȵףһжˣۺľıʣⱳ󣬶ٲ˲̼ҵİ֡񣬶ԷִˣĪ
λвĳϣʱֻһλߡһλɳʿ
뷢һ˫ӥĿѪս⡣ɨǰȺ鼤ܵˣֱ˻ҵĶǣѱ˼ţҪ裬ţҪɱƬ汲µҲҪӶᡣҵĶǣǡӦ𣿡
Ӧ
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ΪΪ˺ӣƴˡ

үôˡһСӰӺܹŮһĳϣ׺裣ܶǹ˸ÿƤñϣ׹εһҡΡһУβס毺õϣǾʧ顣ֻǣʱİүյĴȺ͡
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һɿ׺ͬһˣ뿪ﲿ䡣ŤͷУɸпͷҵ·ˣܵЩԭˣ˾壡
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ԪӺǺЦҵģɱģȥ͢ͲأһҶ󣬲Բء
һ˼˵Īһ
Ǻǣ˵ĺá˵ĵطнԭһ֮ϣͬҲһϵĹأԶǿΪ𣡡ԪЦ
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Ԫ۾һɣϵк鷳ʲôʧ鷳ˣ
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ֻǰ￪⣬ڣƻֺ꣬չǹɱڡ
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Ӧǧˣ֮ƥǸǧƣʲô֣Ҳ£˲䱻촷ۡ
δܿԷƣһ¡¡𡣻ͷһ˲ɵðԽпࡣ
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ǰһӥͷ£һƥɫĿ֮ϣһλʮ׳
̬࣬׻ĿưעŻҵˡ꣬¶̵Цݣһָ漴ߺųʮλε䵶˳˹ȥ
ͷˣЩŴ磬һЩ·˰ˣΪأҵȵڶأ׳һ˳˵Լͷ¹ţв
Ҳ񲻺Ƭԭϣץ𣿲ľϣ϶ˣ׳мǰŵЦ
ʮĹ򣬱嵽ǰɽ߲ƣֱһӣŵӭȥ
۶ԷΣɶ׸֮ڵӷ׷׳˳
ɱʮδͣ٣һԷֿΧһ乭֮Ϻ
Է糵߲ڵСĽ䱸ȴβԼˣδ޴
񲻺׳ϷʵЦ⣬űΧЩˣеޣ洫һϺȣס֡
񲻺üͷһ壬ҪޣȴչչЦǺǣҵ˭ԭѽⲻδ𣡡
Ű˹Բ񲻺ĳǣǳȵЩҵĿˣ·ԭѣ޹أȥ
Ȧʮһ˳ȴɵӵȥ·ϡ
񲻺ĿµĶɣһżԽڶЦĶ˵ֻҪķ޸ңҲ̼ңӴ˱һˣҲ񲻺Ƕɴƴ𣿡
ŭЦҵŮǸ߹Ĺǲԭϵİ񣬿ɲͨ˼ҵŮŮҲһŮ޶ġοǺľӭ׵ӡŮҲϡ
񲻺Цһŵ˵Ǻľ˻أҵİҲ񲻺Ҫأ
ƨľڻ顣ҳϵ涩µġԡŭ
˫ĴԶڵ䣬ѡʼ񲻺ݣҲż˹
ʳˣҲ񲻺֤ʵǿǺľĻڻ飬ҵİҲ̼ˡ˵ţ񲻺һڣֻУ߳һߣԶԶģϸ
ˣɫһ䡣


136 
ôˣĪ㡭ŭ⣬ʵ
Ǻľҵĳϣ׵ʱҲڳġӭδȴ̼ҵվһʸв
ͨ죬ŵŵҺľңҵĻԼ˵꣬ߴҴһͷȺУ¶ͷ
Ϊʲôŭȵ
ٺ٣
񲻺ɭɭЦҸΪʲôҵһľС˵Ƭȣҵİʲôأ
ʵϻһΣĶŲ񲻺Цľ޴͸뻢ıƤĹûˣһľҡǿЦ̾հ
񲻺ҡͷ˵ķ޸ңұһˣûأ
ѪɫףһˣŶŲ񲻺˵Ů޸ĺľңҲ׸ƣ޸̼ҡֻҪǲԭϵĺúӣƽҵĶӣŮŷļױ޹ȥ
ҲȻ˵ŮҪ޵ˣǹӢۣǰʩСˡ˻ȥҪҪɱûث֣Ե㵽ף
ϣһΣ漱ˣ߶Ϸ鶯£Ų񲻺΢΢Ŷʸ˵ŮҪ˵ģҺľһڻ飬޴档Ȼ񲻺ҵŮҿҽãֿɶԺľʾУ񲻺ǲԭϵӢۣ˭˲֪˭˲أΪҵˣһʱ֮ŭҶ˰θ֮ԣ˼
ӣĿ档
ƽʱ˾ЦƢ˳ӲҶ˵һϻ棬վһָ̬ˡ
棬Ǻ⣿ĿⷺŶԷʵ
沱һʵıʣһȦͷ˼Ŵ̵ֱֶۣ˻󺰵ҵĶǣΪһ֮˽ȫΣ֮СܿҵˣôװʵŮѱľһڻˣĳ°в̼ҵĿķֻҪķ̼ңңܽյ֮Ժ˲̼ұ˴ڲԭ׳ΪҵˣϸıⰡ
ָŭһɫѿ˫ĿһգؿۡһѪԶ
ҡΣһͷ
ͻﲿ죬һɫӰǰһһѳʡ
Ԫӣ֪ʱ뿪ʡ
ԪӽʷڲݵϣֽҩĿУģһ롣
漸ɱ˹ϼɫеķᣬǰ档
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ѽôˣֵӣɣﲿǰתһȦֹ֮ȵһСܹҡͷ̾Ϣ
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137 
ķͦޱﲿ䣬תÿһ˶սеĸֵ»˶־һеķϼ
㣬ҺڣܻĽšԼæ񲻺ϵķţǿЦ˵ķ㣬ݰյΣ
񲻺Ŀɫ粻δãЦߣûˣҲ񲻺һŮСˡԸԳĵõ˴ϵȨҲ񲻺ҲҪðĸԸΪҸ質
״Լϻʵأ񲻺ΪһŮʧȥ˷ִأ
һŮϹ£¶˵㣬ҿļǵ˵
ס죡Ҳˣš񲻺ͷĻӶޣŭݵ˵Ҳ񲻺վҪƣʲô溺ӣʲôӢۣ˵ţһָķΪԸ˵Ҳ񲻺ģʿսߣҪҲ̼ҵūͣƬҲѽ
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񲻺ֳ䵶Ĵ˳СкɭɭЦ˭Цвһţ·
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񲻺ɵĴǰĺӣЩͬ·ǰűԵòײࡣЦҡͷҵˣ
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ڲ»ףķɫ糺죬ĿƻһԼɵһ
ϣڲ֣ؽӹ䵶üգڲ¾ΪŮһս
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۽ΣֻܷһԸܰѣԼŮҲкõĹޡ
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ߣҵļ£Ķ޹ذɣһ䡣
ãľҶڻˣðɵСӣұɱִΣ
񲻺ŭЦһһͷݺݵĽеСӣɣ


138 ڲ»ʤ
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ڲɫһȥ֮ﲿҲֻѷ
˫Զм䣬һһңٲƴɱļơ˶ߣˡ˽򶷣ƴɱЩ˵
񲻺бﲿǰǰԪź룬ߵһ˵
˫Լ𣿡һ룬ʵ
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СӣΪβһϵ˭ջʤأԪӸһ󣬺Ŀһ
һЦ˵ĿԴ
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û֪յĽһȻʡֻԪӶСӵĳвʣԶȤ֮ʣԷɻرܣ䰵Ρ
˵ЦţĿȴԼͬĿǰ
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սĶˣͬʱۣӭŶԷȥ
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ϲԷƴɱ֮ʱȻţڲ֪յıԣֻƴܴԼĿ쵶սʤ֡ϧˣȻδЧֻ˶ԷƤñ
δ̼ҵͷˣ˵׺쳣ڰæ֮г͵Ϯſνڲ㣬ɱ𹭼ȴ¹˭
ʱɫأڲӣ񲻺֮ʣǴ·硣˲񲻺Ƥñϲضã漣ɱһĵֻϲԾﲿ䣡

ķ˫ֽһųϵƴɱ
ԸķҲԵڲ´ȥ
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Rһ죬촫ȥԶ
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ڲҵ֣͵һɣԡֻǣ񲻺ĺġ
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ס˿ڣ񲻺ŭ֮࣬ȡ½ṭһ֮ʱԺը죬æͷͼܡ
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񲻺֮ʣ͵һ׹ȥֻߺХнңۡһһֻʸݺļС
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139 
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ڲ£ģ޵벻ǰˣԵľϣҡ
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֪ԭڲ˵ءԪ΢ЦףƮȻȥֻǵһߣϵǲ޵һЩͷԡ
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ߣǸСӼⳡǴˣ˱˾ԡģǽĽҪȼʶһҲ̼Ҹ˵ֶΣ
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ǿֱķ˵ȥ׼Ǩ㣬Ҫ뿪Ƭݳ
Ը𣿡ɫ˵
ߣ˲ݳӦ˶Լǲ̼ҽƲţһƴǡûܵסɱĿҲûܵסǰеĽŲɤض˿̣Ϊˣòͦš
ⳡδӮأ˾ȥ
߹һŻˣʮ߰ģüīĿǣʵϴŵЦݣһͷڷ£Ժһɵĺ«ͬŲйһ㣬˱˫֣ɫУżĵ⡣
ϵɵˣ֪ߺ⣬һʱÿڡ
һЦųڲµͷ˸кŶ˵Ķԣ𣿡
һڴ֮ʣŵĿˡ뵽ھ֮УԸģȻһ·ˡ
æϲ˵Сֵܿбʤİգ˵Ȼԣ
ļ֮µ״ΡȻԼͷӲأڲԭ˵ľֵֹѣεġȻӦսܺù䡣
Ǹ⣬һδͷתǸõĹȥ
˼ԶһԳҡͷһЦͣ˽Ų׶˵ﲿõӲȡ


141 һ
æԸȥ̼ʮ׳еĹ͵һǰ
ﲿõӲһǰڳһСѡ
ڸּįеĹǰĵˣƣЦһᡣ
ۿʱѵﲿӦսҲԤ֮У̼ҽӮⳡ񲻺֮ʱͻȻĹͷ
ųе䣬񲻺Ųľʹ˸ɫ߻⣬˳һȵˣòҲԭϵִ˻ȥ
ЦұҵĿˣ޹ȥ·Ȼǣڡôµͷ˲ɣˣȥһȴĴ˲񲻺ĶС
ˣ֪ˣԺʰǣ˭㾹Ըܳˣ񲻺Цʾľ˻أҪˣôڲԭ϶ġ
ԶĶֻõģѲͷĹǰѲڵϵ䵶ǰ𳤹𳤼һȥ
ת˲䣬ǸոջϵĶֱ˸
ʼ磬ɵһԣЦעˡ
һ˹һۣ΢Цŵͷ鲻Ϊ⣬һӲϸ
ΣͷЩԭ˲˽ġǰӲľţţǽΪ֮ѡ˵ȹƳҪС࣬Ȼﲿе
ųһҴš״νӴԭϵĹⲻ˺Ķ࿴һᡣ
ߣ㻹Ҫ鵽ʲôʱ򣡼Ӿû֮ˣǳȥһͷԵģһһȥˣôһˣֱǶ衣
һЦݣƳ˹һۡһסۣһֿңһһ죬ԭһźúõĳ䳶ϳ˼ء
⹭ʵһ뷨ҡҡͷϹһԣּһŹһ

һ׿жϹּһǡֱˡ
תۼ䣬ӲľһصƬһεͷԹôأ
һԵĹɫ΢䣬סأԼҲܳӲľûд˵ɡ
еƳǧıҲܳ뵽˴æгڵݵ˫Ŀһ
һԶԶĳεһЦԷ֮࣬Ҳһ졣ﲿأҪǶˣָǺأ
˼£һǰһŹ¶ϹĹң˨һ룬ֽҲ˨һСĵԡ
ųһĹ֮ǲǿɣ
һһ֦˹䵶ǰԴΪ磬վдִĲӵĳһָڼһĨ
һԶĶƣһֱĳġ֨£Źҵָһɣԡһ죬ʸŶȥ
顪Զһ죬ֻٲĶƣѱըһ̳
áﲿ˺Ȼһ˶ƣҲȥͷҲǼӶңϲĪ벻˵ֶΣ˵ĸǿﲿоˣ
ɵĵǣ֮࣬ĸ⡣Źһǲף˵һı¡
һ֮٣ɽ΢΢סעһĿУ˼֮ɫ
ԪҡͷСӣĨǵϵϹġɫȴ⡣
ЩľȻĿһųһҪСӣ˳⻹㣬˿ûôǰĶƣһеģı£ǲԼ
һڼǿ񲻺ܻĽеľ̲˼ڲܶԴ˽˵
ٲ⣬ֻٰƣһָǰһ㣬ԸѴˣɱ˹ȥ
ʱԶԶֻڵһĶƣ⻹˼ԵʡȻѰƵڡ
һƳһ۹˵
ɫһҧǱ䵶ǰ˿ݵ˫Ŀ˸һңͺһȻſԡХȥ
˫ֻٲİУһӰδİٲԶʱӰʵˣҲһͷбڵϡ
ǰңþ֮󣬲ŲʵĻת޺޵Ķһȴȥ
һҲǰԭأбԷ漴ָ֦һҡ
ԡһͬƿնȥ֮ԶԶը졣ٲƣȻʧӰ
ﲿ˲֪һֻܿŲ֣йƵϲ֮顣
ĻʤпĪϲԻûﲿ䣡һֻ̣ߵ֮飬лıӻ
Ҫȥ𣿡һʵŹǡ
ˣһͷ˦һ䵶ҲҪˣתȥȥĲǲ̲䣬һˣŰڷŶƵķȥ
ٲ⣬פ㣬һܣ㲻ٻͷԶȥ


142 
ԶȥĹ񲻺ɫ䡣żͷʹһ˫һŰﻤͱһ̲ĴҲ֮
һոսﲿ仹δйףΣһζȻ٣
񲻺ʤѷ֡ĪǣҪΥԣŭǰʡ
񲻺۾һߵҲ̼ҲΥԡ˻ҵĺ£Ҫɱ޹ذɣҵҪ˶ƴɱٺ٣޹ඣ
Ʊ磡Ϊҳ֣ȻҪȫѵҪؿɱˣңкƬԭϣŭس
ߣǱֲˣ
񲻺Цţָһҧгݵĺȵɱ˴ˣҲ̼ҿս˳
ɫһͣ˵ɫãȴȴ
񲻺ѷӵһ
μתʴӡҲɫ䣬뿴ɽȡᣬʱС
ɽȻĿԶԶؿһգһԡ
ѳĵӣ״Ŀ¶̣̾ϢľʦֱֳܵɽǰɫľŲԶһе˵壬һѣ
ɽüͷ˵Ҳڶðգԣ
⡪ľ֪ϳ֮⣬ɫ԰ʦ㣬Ҳһ׵ʹȦˡ
һȥ԰ĳɱףȴϳϵľϣ޴ָ
һӣŵľӢᲢۣ
ǺǣСǷϵծδأȥѰһ˱ΪʦԪɫɣ˵ľȣƮƮһ˹ȥԪʦֵֻڨڨͣ˽ŲֹԴʦǰȥ㷲
һԭأܣ˵۵סһ̣΢΢ط䡣
ǰһʲôأĪҪﲿҸж£ΪһӵɱҪڶӵǰ̣
ûϳҲûһҲûΪλ䵽˵ľأƣˣСôçײ
Լղ֣һڱؽⳡķС˵ˣ˵ǰＺ
ȵ¼ȨοΪΥģ֮ǰҲһ˭϶ݾ֮ʱһˣ
ʱ·ˤͷҪѰǿʯһ㡣ʦѵ֪֮·ĿʱǲԽԭ
ˣȨһҪһɣҿܲһԾ
֮Уת˲ʮ⡣ĸֵ뺷ƣڶֱµ̤Ƭ
Ȼһűӿİ۽ɹоһû𣬸ߵļһץʮֻת˴󹭵Ĺϡ
ֶͣһٽİ￴ҲŹ£ԡһ죬ʮ֦ɻȰ
춯δֹһֶʮ֦գۼ˳ȥɲ˺δֱһӣʮ֦죬˳ȥ
գ֮䣬Ρʮ֦֮һһ¡ͨһƬһƬֻǴ˼һʮֵĳɱ
ԪѸһ󣬼Сӣһ֮ųڣȻ˵ÿһ֦˽СĴָϸʮֻ£һ𣬵ֶץԲˡһڼһץӦֶʹָ硣ʸȥҲһա
һӣصǣһ䣬׳Ԫӵͷʾ⣬ֱ۲ͣʮ֦
Ϣ֮䣬Ѱϳ˵ľ״һеĴ󹭣ļʸһܼһѸû˿ͣЪ໽İﾫһƬƬ£ͬеҶ𣬱飬ϵɳȥݺˤڵϡһʱ֮䣬ƬҰڶ
һɫȻִʮ֦ȴҲǼ䣬ͣЪܣֻа˵ƥĴߣԭǰ׳ĺӣһģʸ͸Ҽ磬˵ϡ
̶̵һ̣ﾫȫûôһֳִ󹭣һһ䷭һ⡣ֻ´ľĲ񲻺̻̲
һ̣˵ԽĿͶ˳Ǹɱˡ
ʱͷԵƫз磬ӲԭᴵӦ͵ĴУȴԵɷ˲
һִ󹭣ǧ䶢Ų񲻺˵㲻Ҫɱ
ԷĿ׶ʱ͸ӣ񲻺еΡסͷһ
˲üͷļˣɫĲ񲻺ǿ򶨣˵㣬˭
һü˵ֻһ·ˣһҪɱ֮ˣ㲻ɱңұҪɱˣ˵ţһڣʮ֦Ų񲻺
ͷˡΪ̼ҵĳϣľϾǹ֮Իع״æһ
̲һɧǹ𣬴һ֮ʣֻáԡһ죬ľѴʮ֦ǰδʮмʸ֮ңһƬѪм
ľ˵һ仰ǿļʸ֮˺ƬƬ⣬ɢڵϡ


143 ת
Ҫɱ㣬˭ҲȲ㣡һĻ
ŲľĲ״еĲ񲻺һæ׿ȥֻǸеĴϣʮֻųǵĺ⣬ֱָԼ
ֽ֮죬ƽͳϣԶҲ䲻ꡣһ̣ľĲ״ҪԼˣ
סֵ֡Ĳ񲻺ҲͲסȷĺС
㲻ɱңҸˣţ򡢿鱦ŮʲôСҪʲôҸʲôֻ㲻ɱҰˣ̼ұԺĲԭϣհ񲻺ŵŤ亹죬ϼֱ֣ġǼļʸض˭ҲⰡ
ߣҴڲԭ߾ǡǧֻ»ɱϼհɡ̼ҵжˣҵĶԹҲ˽𣿡һ赭д˵ţȴò񲻺еǣǡ
ôһĹ򣬱شҰˣЩҼĺӣ಻𵶣Ҳ첻𹭣¸ҲࡣҪ治ˣԭϻǶ˸ħҲ̼ңٶˣҲסɱ¾ģΪĴأ
񲻺ļ֮£ݺݵԼһ⣬ſģǧҲк֮£˴ǧһļʶ˴߻ҵƬݳҾȾָ֡ԭ֤Ҳ񲻺ΥԼԣ
һ¶ɫɱáȻѱһʬ
񲻺ԣɱ̼ң²ݵˡǰǧһƽ١һȻҪǰУΪµҲȥɱ̼ҵˡ
οѰﲿܶˣأʿɶֹ̲
˵ұŹ㡣Ϊ֮һ˵꣬Ƴһ۶ԷŲԶԪӣʾ⣬Ŵ󹭣ֻּתȥ
񲻺³һĿĶһıӰһڣ˽˵̧ȥ
ǲ񲻺һֻǷԼԭɡʱ̲б䣬ǹʹȥ

СӣϵæһߣԪӸһоԹȴǴЦ⡣
ԪӵĻһůûɱϵΣͷ¶֮ģ׵и
飬һĵˡ
Сɱϣȴɱ񲻺ʵǡ֮ʿôתۼ䵹£ϵҲ簡
ԪӵǾȥɣһ٩٩̸
һɵֹס˽ŲԪ˵лֱ˵ǣιʵЦСأһûе֮ɣ
ԪҲͣ½ŲϴζЦ⣬ȴ֣ࣺСӣҾ֪㲻úŪԵ³˾ţ޶ϵһ룬򣬱֪ɣ
ǸƽϵΨԼΪ˷֮£Ĵ٣ʶԿο
һüЦԪӣ΢΢Ƿ˵л
СҲδԪ۳룬ȻһЦ

ķˣϲӡǰһеķﲿ˵ʵת
һ߽æӭָأϴŸм뾴ηʩһ˵лλСֵ֮ܽΣ
ԪӺЦ״һһԹǰȥ
ǰһһ٣˵ͷ˲лңֻԱѣ
һ㶣æ̧ͷȥֻ̧ȥȻʲôһȣо벻

ɵΧһĬĬɫȻһһɫ˼졣
һֳһŴ󹭣żʩʩȻ߹Ŀⲻһɨɽǰ˵Ҳ
ɽޱ飬һеĴ󹭣ͫ΢һ¡һüͷƬ̣ų˵ǿˣ㾹ôһ־տļˣɵӣί㣡
һ̧ͷγ羵ֱϳ˵ЩسǵھҲ֪ġΪɵŵӣǿԴšοⲻɽҰԵĴ֮ڽУҲѵǴ֮áڳԣһ֪⡣
ǺǣԼ֮ǧɫ֮䣬նʲô֮أľֻ֣ҲһŴ֮ɣ
ϳһ˵һֳֵĴ󹭣ü΢п޴˹ֻһѱ˿ӡЩӲľ£ֵƣҲֻвԭ֮ϣҲﾡã
˵˴һɫ䣬һתЦŷʵ֮ʱкãΪƾһ֮ɶԿǧŶԷٲȥֻɱ˲񲻺ʳϣˣɱܴⳡս±ǱԷɱܴⳡУ׵𣿡
һĮЦУм⡣һϳˣЩɵǣ˸ĿУӡĮ֮⡣ɫжǼɵĽ䱸ľʦˣϤУҲЩİ
һҲ㾡ľ𣬴ԹԡְﲿӮⳡҲǳӦʵġǳԴΪµԵɣһ޻˵԰գһײ
Ԫѻصԣɵļ£˲ò졣˵ĶԻȴһ԰ͷ
ɽһֹģġϵҲһŨĺġ
һѾӣεͬУɽ԰ġ
һоݣָո˹͡ɽĽҲһʱԾϡ
СָΪĪ϶ˣб뵽˴ԪӰһСӣ룬ԻĶȥ
ϺʱҪţҲһʣȥɣϳתЩİڰ֣ʾաֻǿһıӰɫЩѿ


144 
Ųԭĺɫ٣ⳡҲһ벻Ľ֣ĻⳡУʤ߲ﲿ䣬Ҳǲ̲䣬Ӯڲ¡
ΪڲӮ˸Ůˡ
һлδȥֻصﲿУ֤ڲķĻ
ľı壬ﲿǰδеΣ֮Сҵĳ£ݡ
ʴ֮ǵˣʱϣǽķڲ¡
ﲿĳ⣬ԼķòŮͷľֹڲ޴Ӿܾ˸߲ҵĴӦ˵ΨһǽⳡʵĻ񣬽ŰȥҲ˵ڲķɻӡ
ڲЩΪѣҪ߳ԭгɼĴ£ôҲҪü֪źá˵ЩС飬ֵһᣬڻµľٰް
ɽ飬ڲδҪΪɵ򵼡Ȼǳ֮ĺ£޲ʡ
λҵĴϣŵڲ£ɻ֮Ȭ֮ʱԼŮ˺ͼױȥӭڲµļﲿ䰲仧
̼ҰйͼıòȨıҲºõ˵֤ʵΣڲҲⳡϲУ˽ᡣ
ʢĻ֮ϣû˿ŵӰЩ⣬ƣ㹻ɣŻԺȣ黶Ц
Ҳº֪ΣתľҪлλ˵ĳ֮ȴһˡﲿ֮£ֻܶɽ˾ʾм֮顣
ϳϵȻĽﲿл⣬ֻһ̣ÿһ˶ڽһ

һ¸߹񷡣
ɫ£ȼﲿظ裬Ц紫ΪĲԭ֮ҹƾ֮⡣
ԶһһˣŴڵϣĬĬ˿ھƣе¡
£ʵϣĿ˸˿̣һ𣬷ҹա
ķ磬·Ҹ´ྻϴһ媣ͨ͸
һֻӯƮƮɡ磬ްؼȥأ飬һ¡
һϣһ㵭΢ɲĹâֹڵڵﴦڣ漴Ѹ֫ٺľУܶʼ
͵еĺ«һʶɿɨһܣ漴ԭʧȥӰƬ֮ʮ⣬мӣһƬâתۣâʧҹɫ¡
Уһȶʯ
ķתϢһ˿˿ʯУӿڡͬһ磬㼯֮ڡ
ģӯ漴ھ̼͵֫ȥ΢΢˺ʹһΪʯаһαӿ塣
䡪һϤը𣬾ʹһɣ˲ȫƵϢٻعһ־Υ˵ĿĿеһЦˡ
㣬ôĽˡ

һ־ﲿ䣬ΣʱﲿԹۣԳеЩǷǷǣ롣
ǰﲿÿͣҲֻһϰףζţĲԭϱûթıΣԼҲű£һɱˡ
ԭķ羰ãƬԭ߹֮һҲ
ɺ̶ʼ֣ȥա
ºһﲿκν֮
ɽΪһ⡣
˷ǲľ飡Ͼɴ˰࣬ÿݳιŵӵı֡һɻЩֵġԷΣ֮ʱҲԹۡ
ɽգɽԼЩӵ̬ȴһ˵֮飬ҲΪ˽黳Ǳͼʣȥˡ
һΪƽȡͬһȥιҪǷ뷳أЩˣͬ·ˣΣǿߵıܡܼ֮£ҲǱѶ֮ˡ
ʾˣҲ˭ֻһ·ϣЩ˺ദ˰֮󣬸ԶԺԵط꣬ܰѾƳ̸һ
ɽյһУĺȤ
ﲿ񻶵ҹһĶ
µգγףȴ޳֪У̨ӿ
һϲķΪͻڼ׷ѵõĻԵæܵԶȥΣƾеʯһͻϣﵽΪ

׿еϲãһԭؾʱΪȶΪĲͬ
Ϊ㣬ڵľֿ࣬ӯʵ֫ߵӳ档
һʶѸչȥԲڣйƣĿһͷһ漴ǡķУΪʶԶϰĺôԶ׼
һ־һһɫ͵ǰ⣬γһһ˶ߵİɫơָһ㣬ƺһ棬ݵ˲һߵĴӡ
־ǣתۼ䣬ضΧһת˻ڵ䡣Ϣ󣬶ƹâһڡ
£һĿ¶ϲ⡣ͬʱ˵֮á
벻ͻһ㣬Ϊ˵ϲ˱仯غܷܿþ˰ɣһڴԪһ㣬ճΪһĸ֣С
Ϊһ
̧ͷ˿ɫһٻ졣żһ㣬Ʈ漴ȥ
һͷһδõһԾ˶ʮ֮ԶνҪ䣬ͯĴڽż⣬ƾһ㣬оű䡷Ṧһɳļƣһǰ۶ȥ
һŲմأһ㣬ֻǣԹ졣
˵ʩչûѭ޴֪
һ


145 з
ڶ峿뿪ﲿ䡣
ķڲ£һЩˣͳʮ֮ͣ˽Ų˴󻰱𣬺ƻĺһ㡣һĬĴԼϣƤ˭ҲΨϵĴۡ
һŹʲôȻҲ÷˵
ﲿˣһҲĻη˹Ҳ֪
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һת׶Զ΢΢һЦ˵ڲ´磬Ҳǣౣأ
ˣȴԲס㡣ִ磬ķˣ
ķε飬ߵһǰʩһڲ¼״Ҳ
ҵŮӣһ΢Ц˵ȥ֮£ϣ˵ţỰˣһǰС
ķߣһ˵лĻȴһֻܿǸԶȥˣ̾˿
һУɽвϲҲֻԶԡ
СӣϵĹ۸УǲͬԪһֱһԣ߳һС·Ц˵
ŶԺ⣿кβͬأһʵ
Ԫַ룬յģ˵Сӽղͬ⻪ţڹ֮Щϵ۾Ǻǣ
һЦ
ЦʲôԪӲ˵
һסЦ⣬˵һ
ǺǣϵһλˣԪӺʵ
سŵĺɣһ˵
Ԫüͷһ壬漴ȻСӣϵֲںأô򣡡
һЦȴԪӸ߿һۡԼΪ㣬ɫ϶΢Ĳͬһ˸Ԫ˵ѲǧҲ˼ܣ΢
ϵǣ˼ҵĹʲôԪӺкʵ
һ˵;пƣϾ֮áмֻҰأ
ˣԪƫתӣǺ֮ɫ
һͷ϶˵ˣ
Ԫϸ˳һ飬ź룬Գ˼
˵䣬˸ģ׺˺档
ʱһ߳˰·Խһ£ԶԶĿɼһСƬ֡
ָһϪˮƻơһۿȥ֪˴ǸЪڡ
ˣڲ£Ϊе򵼡кЪϢ
ϵһŲԶ֣üͷ
СӣͣжԪͽܣϪˮȥһֹ쳣̲סѵ
һȴ˳ϵĴ󹭣Ƭ֣ҡͷ˵⳵жˣ
ԪֹסŲʵжΪŹ
һӦԪɫһ䣬漴ƽؾһ󼱾Ȼ
ЪϢˣľ֮ѭȥɲǼ䣬Ԫһ㣬˵
ֻӲԶСֺ棬ȻһŹߺȲϣһس̣˳
ٽһ죬źХ
ŷһæس׷趯ڵļʸ
Һ˻ҳһƬ
ڵӽ󡪡ȺˣΪηҵȣɽŭĿԲһ˫ƻӭļʸһԽڶ
ԷԼһּ󣬺һԷȥתۼ䣬ѽΧϪˮߡ
ɽĺʣЩ˸ֻΧˣ۲ͣϽǱ뺷֮˴űɱ⡣
ɽɫͷȥܵĲݵϣѲһӼмҽУʮƥҲм˵ϡ
ô̶̵һɲɱشɽЩ١
ϣЩǲ̼ҵģʶɫ˵ȣ
ضԣȥɽһԾ򶫶ȥ
ϳϵľٶڵвȻô˵Χ£ôȥ
ת֮䣬ɽѳʮ֮⣬ӭһƬùϵθ߸Ծƥ϶ʱ˻һȥ
ɽֻ񣬰ķżߣһƻ֮һѪӰ׹˳ȥ
żһ㣬ɽһˡڰգһƳԷϻɡ
ֻɽ࣬ڶԷͷ֮ش˫Ʋ֮ͣƣһʱ
һԭӣ䵶ݺݳɽ
ɽɽ漴ĳԷֵиֵRһɼأؿݣѪ˳ȥ
ƴɱһʱãΧ䵶֮ʱɽµʮˡ
Էѵɽĺ£ڷ׷׶ܣһʱ֮䣬ɶȥķѿһӡ
ȥɽһƥϣݵشһ
ѲԷ࿹Ҽ뷢ԭֻ·һ£Ψһ·ǳȥɽһϺȣˣæӵľɱ
мĵӣҲʩչṦȥ˶Էƥû
̲˼ЩҪӣһΧ˹ϣֱ׷˹ȥ
ɽ׿һۣɫг漴ȵ򵼳ȥϺ󣡡
ȿֺۣ·ӡɽ뼾ˣ赲ХļʸΪһ
֮У˹˼Ǽмصĵӡ⼸˾໺С
߳ٻҲ˺档
ʱŲ̲ʿӵɽ˼սˡ
ƼδԶ㱻סȥ·ŵֱֻǣ֮УɽѲӰ


146 
һֳִ󹭣ԶȥüͷվһԵԪʦͽʵΪβߣ
ԪԪ粻ֻ˿ԼʦԪӻܣһգ۾Ц˵أ
Сֺ类һֱԷΧ˳Χ¶ȥһʼûг֡
Щٶ࣬Ҳ˲һһֱɸ
γԤϣɽ¾˵ĹϣǸ˵ĵӺҲˡһû뵽ǣԪʦͽҲûߡ
һһԪӵĻܶ𣬷Ԫʦֵ˵λֳ˵ĵŲó󣬸Сˣ˵䣬˳ڳϵļУץʮ֦д͵ſкʦ֣
ƶԸҪ˳ȥ˼㱻ΧϡԻ֮ʱͻȻһ侫һ񡣽һҾ죬ʮӣӦ¡
״԰æͷһһ
һϪˮһǽڱμ֮á
һæ֮Ԫѽĸµĵ̧һԪֳֳһԻ֡Щѷֳ룬ǰȥ׷ɽˡʣµĻжˣһܲˣ㽫Χġ
Щ˵ⲻʮ˵Ĳбܽɡ
СӣǺãҵҲܲˡǼУֻжʮ֦ζԸôˣԷǰʮ֮⣬ŹҼ뷢⼸ءϵҲ
ϳϵԶȥһʶУЩ˵ӰԪһ˵ڴ󳵺ļˣĵȴ
һӶָᵯָƿնȥĸ˵ĵͷһᣬ˯˹ȥ
ʦܣ֪ΪǺεˣ鰡ֽ֣е
һ΢ЦſŽƣͷ˵ʦ԰ֻ꣬Щõ˶ˣ⣡
ҵġƵѨ֡մѨԪӾȵؿһԼ۾յѨϵ˵Ҳǿʩչȴ˵д⡣ԪԪҲͷѣʦŵĲ֮أ
һֱҪʩչѨΪλ˲أһһЦо˸һͻȻεض
Ԫӵ̧ͷʱһʮɵİ֮С
ԪԪ˾ĪԪҲɫ䣬ΨнĿ¶⣬ȴΪ֮С֡
̹ԷĸĪ⣬Ҫܱһֱװ֪ˣ
һڰգżƾһ㣬ٿȻʧȥӰ
һ˾ô˼طɵ˰УǶԭӣ֮£Ŵ͡ۻ˵ʱȻ֮䣬߷𡣷Ƶң۾󣬶вžĶ
ѭȥǼʮֳ乭ͬ飬Կ˫֡Щ乭˼أɢһء
ĪǴײˣЩŷĲԭˣ󼹱쬵һƬ亹ʱð˳
һȴͻȻϷδ£һףһʮһѡƬҶϡ
һʰ󹭣վϣü𣬴˵ģ˿
ԷһɧԻ̻ӡͷҪɱЩˣִ󹭵ˡΪҼ뷢£ҲֻܱҼɴħ尡ôڴϢ֮䣬乭Իˡ
أǺӣҵûйӢۣ汾£Ĵ󹭣ҵɱԷҿֲȥ˲޵ش
һһƲЦһ󹭷£Է֮ʱֳǰҵĳһԭӰ
˶֮ʱȴһվϣֻжһѪܵͷ­ǷǸ֮ˡ
ĪΪ뿪󹭱㲻ɱˣɱˣȻ˶е乭Ҫף˭ҪԣһĻ͸ź⣬˫ü𣬽ͷ­һףһ㣬һָ絯䡪һеͷ­ըһѪ䡣
ͨǸûͷ­ʬʱõ¡
ֱǸͷʬˤڵϣЩ̲ĺǲŷȥһͬ顣˸׼̽ȡɣȻɫ԰ףеƲס־壬˫ۡ
˲ɱġٲĪ飡
һһϺȣͷͣԪӵˣҲһ㱡
һδ䣬Է˻˾ʧ룬͵ĵתͷȻɢȥ
վϣһбָעǰ֮󣬼̲ȥ³һŲ̧ڼǰ
һԪʦͽˣһЦ˵λֳΪ˿ң
ԪԪæͷһͣҵмľ⡣ԪһС죬ЦЦ뷢Ҳлѽϲ⣡
þ֮ԪӿڵСӣϵÿడ˵˵书еʲô磿ֻСӲû뵽˵ľ޾ҿҪúõ˵˵
һ΢ЦĿǰԪӡϵ˻ĸο
Ժ˵٣һЦתֶԪ˽˵λֳԣ˵ţ۹ȴơ
æƲҡԪȴ۾һɣ˵СӷŰģͽܲ˵ģ
ɫ࣬ͷ
ãҶˡҵȻǼʱ·ɣҴ󹭿·Ҳ޷һ˵
ԪӻȻ޵ã죬ҵϹȥ
˯ĵӣǻõӣȻر̧һٵ飬ԪڽƵĳϣǰʻȥʶУǵһȥ򣬼֮ԭҰ׷ˡ
һǰһ򶫶ȥһǰƽ
;ʱɼϱ۲֫ʬ촦źԪӷз򲻴ǲ֪ǰɱµˣ
һǰһʱѼ˼߻õӵʬף·ߡԽǰߣ˵ʬԽࡣ
һһ˵ǾǰԶ


147 һ
չһ£ǰĺɱֻٶ˽ɽΧڵ䣬ԶϤŭ
ɵЩ֣Ԧ֮ǱȲЩĲԭˣܳ˼ʮ㱻Է׷ϲ°Χ
̲ˣ˷ɵ˽ֻùкɽҲǷʤֻܷƴɱ
˸죬߲ɵƣӦ
ɽѲ֪ɱ˶ˣв֪ʱ˰䵶ƬƬ⣬ԷΧ¡
ʸ꣬һδεؽɽˡͷµĵӣһɥ¶ƣԷȴ棬׺쳣֮˶ڡȥһʮҪˡ
ɲֻ㣡Ծɽ󺰵𣡡
ļĨһϵĺˮѪˮٵش˼ҪЩƴɱ˿壬ϣһıʹԷʸǶĿܼʱǱʸ˼󶴡ƴɱԷһ̼ͻὫ˱ɸӡ
ϳϵķԸĵɣŽ˻Сһ̣˼̧ͷȥѿڴһһһˣ
ڵԣĿ¶ϲڴԶ
һһĴ󹭴

Χˣһ֧ţǿ֮ĩҴҸһ֮ҡͷеĸ֣սɱռ˶ٱˣ˵һʮˡһǳʩȣҲΪʱ
ӽɱȺ̲˷Ķʮ˺ţӭ˹
ſһһϳԪԪ磬иżࡣ
ſΣʮ֦ɳļʮˣݶ¡
޻ͷһβ顣鷢Թ­Ѫưһһ
ÿһ֦һʶʮʶһļޡʶΪдɱҲ̧֮¡
һĴ󹭡ԡ죬꣬˸Щеʿֵ칭ڶתۼ䣬һưưѪУΪһ߾ߵʬףֻ¾˻
ϳǱߣЩ̲ˣ쳣أΧˣȴ
ϵһɫּʮ֦˹ҡ
ĴָԷĴĲġԡ죬ʮ˱ʸ俪ͷ­ӴϷˤڲݵ֮ϡ
ЩΪ׺ʿҲܲסıȣţ޾Ŀ־ԹޣɢȥܳԶµػͷ
ǸѪħĴ󹭣עΪԭϵһ˵ΪһЩҹ֮ȥجΣ

ԭϣƣɵǣ˹˼ĴҴܵľһصʬһ粻ϣĪζĬĬעϵǸˡ
һϣ˪Ŵ󹭵֣΢΢һ紵ŨصѪؾΡ
ֽЩ׾һ󹭹ڳǰƣбϡĿЩͣĵسһ
һɱɱһˣɱˡЩ̲ʿҲã˵սʿҲգЩҲǲԭϵڲûʲôͬΪ˾ɵˣΪɢЩηĲԭˣ޿̵ɱˡ
ɱһˣϰϡһؿԼ̯˫֣ɱˣвġġʮģȵȡɱ˹󣬱㽫֮Ժٶ롣
һһŴ󹭣ô׾ٵɱôˡڲ̲ɢȥ֮ʱͻȻ̿벻
һ㲻已̥ѲһˡΪԶԶ书ķ룬˷˵֪
һˣֳ¾һȺСӤУ֮Ϊ硣
ЩⲻƵĲԭˣȴһС
һҲɱҰǣԵɱġ
Ƕء
ɱôˣһķսԼ֪־˲Υģɱ¾ʧ⡣ܾϳϵˣʧУԸο塣
һ벻ȳΧ¸˵ĵӣΪҵǿС˴һպصɽţͣ
ɽһ̧ͷҴĵӣԡ
һ뿪һ׵ͬ㣬Ǳ֣һ̰֮
ɽ£״ĵӣ֮ʣζ˵벻ҵΣ֮ʣҪŵʩȡ⹭֮ν޾װҲۻ軨֮ˣ£ġһ벻ĳ£
ԣһɫùŹ
Ŀ¶УҦȴɫ
ľɢң˺ԣһʦӶЦ
ڣŵҪΪŵӼѣҪΪϵĵӣ졣ϳҲֻһͽܣȴһЩŵӵУⲻζӳ£˼졣
һֱעһԪӣÿ˵׽Ц⣬һԳ


148 ǰ
һأԴײɽΣɫѿһ׷ʵϷԣΣ
һ̧ͷɫƽȭʩǰ;Ī⣬ƽɽţһгڴˣһлϵЯˣ
СӣԣȺľɵк޵ҳ
ɽĬţüעǰˡ鵭Ȼ̸ֹԼԣ޷ֺĵļԴ֮иһί֮⡣
˵ǰǷ֮ģɽ⣬Сһ
ߣգЪϢƬ̣˵ز˾ɽɫƣһԪӣתȭЦҾ֮УͻΧڼڵɽٱѴ̰
Ǻǣ˻ҳ棬ϻеҪչˣѵûǣƶоգг֮ˣԪһЦ
ԪɽԻ֮ʣһȥ̧¸˵ĵӣ˳ֽ⿪ǵѨλ
ҽδˣӵʬףЪϢ֮ٲҵ󣬼ǰС
֮ʱ˲ЪһۣϵɱƣԺȹһͷ˯

ʱ֮Ĳ̲Уһձڣƻͨ
񲻺бһŻƤ֮ϣɫһ߷ǰͭ衣
Rॡڵ̿ĽһźˣˣձŮҲŵɪɪֽæҵʰ
񲻺һѳϵ̺ӣ¶ұ۲Ű׾Ѫ۵һ֣סŭǼֱһȺﻹɱһˣҲ̼ҵ涼ȶˣ
Ǹ׵ģͷˣҲ̼ʿǺúӰֻйĪ֮ܣʵڲҵӦġСĿ˵ǧҲסˡ
һתЦаҪߵģҪԲݵģﲿ仹벻ԭ
񲻺۽ǳ鴤һ£ľĲָǰŴ󹭣ԼǸƵ⣬Լﻤ˲䵹زĳ棬ס˸սҪɱԼѴ֮˱Ͼˣֻ·ѣﲿӲԼġ
Υԣͬʰﲿ䣡
񲻺һĳޣ˲ת޵ﲿϡҪﲿ丶ΪصĴۣ
ߣվɳҲ̼ҵʿðԭϵˣˣﲿϳƬݳߺߣҲΥˣķҪԹԳΪҵŮū񲻺ݺݵЦš
ͷӢСԸȥǸһЦæҪ˳ձȴͨһԵڵء
ô񲻺һ㶣ڻû˸Լǰ
ûһͻȻձ
񲻺ͷһʧ˭˵һ䣬ɫͻ䣬صɴ۾ձĴ
һ׹һһŻ۵ƾճձڡǲ񲻺ޱȼɵһ
ͬ˹һ㣬񲻺ɣȴҲִ֪Ӧ䡣˼ͷˣӻƤ£һŻǰɤ˵㣬ǹ
һؿžʧĲ񲻺ĵҪ겻ɱңֺαѰأ
ҹɫ֮˽֮ʱһ˼ǱӪء֪̲ȥķ߶ɴڰУܿҵ̲ڣʶչ󣬱ֱ񲻺ձ
һڲ񲻺ձǰƬ̣ĶԻȻһһǨŭﲿ䣬ܲ˷߿
;ϮΥĲ񲻺һջŰҹѰһȻ񲻺ڤ粻ˡ
ɫֻţĿ˸Ĳ񲻺թһ֣һţСಡطת˲֡
һָһУз漴м¡
ԼտҲƣͶԷϵĶһȻĲ񲻺סŴ͡
ߣĪĻ˲ɣ
һĻᣬҲ⣬ڲ񲻺Уȴ͸˵ĺ⣬˸еɭֲŵؿǰһСƾճձڣͬȡֱȡԼĶУ⻹ǽе书Ķ˾ִ죬ޱȣôмһĪԼۻˣ
Ų񲻺ִԲһһǳ޷Զһǵ֮ɢ
񲻺ͻϢһϣ͸֫һ־⣬ӿͷһ̱ڻƤϣ亹ֱ
£񲻺ѵĿͷ
񲻺ԶţһʧȥġʱȴĻعͷȥֻձ߽һˡ
һλߣۻϣ߽ձĿһɫ䡣һһʵǺˣҪҶô˵ţתҪȡ


149 Ѻ
߽ձ֮ˣǲ񲻺ĸס
һһץֻеһλƣ漴˫أͨһˤڲ񲻺ߡ
񲻺ŵһ£ȴȥֻһı鿴һ
պ޽ӣҪȴͻеǧظȻѹϡǡͨһҲһ㣬ſ˵ϡ
žæ˵ǺˣΪҪЮҸӶˣ˲̼ҵĴͷˣ
Ҳһ·˵صˡ̲ǿ˵ӾΥԣ˰;ɱҡҾ񲻺Ǳ壬ңһɱˣһȴ綦׻һ㣬ɫ꣬ɫдŲޣŭ˵Ҳ̼ɱ𣿡
⸸ִ֣ɱ˲񲻺ﲿ䣬һɱǰ֮ˡ
һü΢ǡŵϵĸӶˣҡҡͷ˵ǲܣǲ̣ұԩ޳Ҳɱ̲ΥҵµԡǲԳͽ䣬ǶԺΪˣ
Ȼ߲Ҳ̼ңڵأȴɫؽе
ߵĶţһΪһӣձͻȻһ硣񲻺ֻһᣬæҪȴоԼ˫ء漴ǰһƬ㱣һӶȻƮձ֮⡣ŻĹˣôձԽԽСˣ
ͷ֮£ӶŻȻʱڰ֮С
񲻺شһæҵسסߣµȥȴǸԣ˫һˣҪסԷȴȽŸ޷Ų
ߺʲôˣС϶֪ˣ
һԱһŵĸӶˣǡ
̼䣬ʮ⣬Ż±ɴ֮ʱֽ񲻺ڵϡ
ŵһ󾪽Уһ˫ڲԶæһͷ
С飬˸ְ̧񲻺ǰͷ˵
߸Ҫڣˣһڲ񲻺Ϻݺһ⣬ĶðɳأҴС
񲻺ӣһɵؿԼӣȴұ粵
ˣһߵӶ۾
Ƚһͨ¡ǰ˾֪Ǳ벿䣬գۼԼӶ˷ɳǷ˰ⲻʲô
˼ʮˣֻɣ˭ҲûĿù˵еɣǰȴĶӸˣлںް
ܽύˣԺ̼ұǲԭף˭֮أһ٣˳˭뱻˼һʶС
ɳⲻҪҪɱˡˣҲ̼ң¸ԸΪɳūͣΪɳЧȮ֮ͣ־ѹסͷĻȣ߼е˵
񲻺ؿŸףȴ棬ֻĵ׺ڲΪԷǸˣ书ǿЩˣ˭롭
С϶ԸܹɳС϶ж°
ؿŷĵߣһһų˵ӲѣﲿķȻգͲʳԣ𣿡
æͷأ˫֣ɤ£׳˵Ҳ񺱣Ҳ֮ڳ֮£ڲԭ֮ϣɳǰģҲ̼յ
ߣԸ㲻ҪΥԼԣҲ㣡նһۣʾͽ䣡԰գһָһһָ
Ŷϱ۴ѪֹˣʹҲ࣬񲻺֪ǶԷʩֵؿһ۹ڵϵĶϱۣŵӰ԰׵ֻвĿ־塣
ߣգй¶ҵ٣㸸ӶˣΪ֮ɣһһףһһ޵֮ϣҡֱϣзȥ
ɣĻɣ񲻺۾ֱʲôûˣµسһ
񲻺Ķϱۣ˾ﲻѡӶ˶Դ»ĪҲ¡ǰӣദ˵ϣƺһ֮С
̲ڸס㣬ҲػصƬԭ֮ϡ

Ǻǣԭ֮ʱ˪֮أۿҪ߳ԭˣ̲࣬ͷϰϰʱľǣ裬ǣ
Ԫַ룬ЦǺǵš棬ϵ˵⡣
ʮգСӻƺ«Ƶģϵ޻˵ˣۿ˾ǣҪˮ·ˣ֪ܲͬȥأʲôǾ˵áȻԺû˰
˵˴ԪȻҡҡͷ
һɫ΢׳Ԫ΢΢Ц£ֳ
ֳͽ˲񲻺Ӻһ·ϣһʼջرԪӵĿ׷ʡ벻õ˵Ӧԡ
ɱ¾ķ֣һû¡
ʴˣʾԼΪ֣ΪΪ֮ºһҲΡ
ƥ򲻿ɶ־Ҳ˵ýթʵĲ񺱶Լƴˡһ·٣Ҳѧ˲١ȥɱ¾֮⣬һҲ벻ս֮뿪ΪȻʲôǡ
ʵԼ˵ķ
Ȼһݣλᣬ˵ĻҲԼǶԵģҲ˵־
˵ĵطнʵλǸ˵ˣһֻΨΨŵŵˡ
ȭͷöԷΪˣһֹһεɻʲô£Լ׷ڡ
Сʱʦ̵һӦı󶯣ɲʧƫģŲĴԼĵġЩʼ¶δ֪
񣬷¶ҪԣȻҪСĽܶŽȣȫóã޵·ߵøԶ
һȶԼΪ֮⣬رԪ׷ʵͬʱʡ
һ·һдʶ˼Ҳĵáͨˣ㱻һߣξǰĲԭһĵĴֻǺԪ˵һ


150 ƽ
书ΪѴ֮˰ɣһʵ
һƽȴͻأԪΪ֮һ㶡룬΢Ŷһ˵ϵʮǰͨСӿҲ⣡ָ֪Ⱑ
յİƣһ˵ѧʶ֪֮;ڴﵽֽ֮أ
ԪԳ˼۹Ƴһ£˵ڹ֮ڴ̾ڣҲ˶ѡδ˵ͻ֮ġ伮¼ɲ꣬ȴҲɴһ
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˴Ԫɫһŵشһǰ£ŵɤ˵ĪǣСӱǵǸ磿
ԪСģһҲ֪²ɴ⣬æҡҡͷЦǸ˵еľ磬һ״˵ءҺ񡭡ҹšӦñôһ֣֪ģҲиߵ֮ɣ
Ԫ£Щŭ˵СģͲһѻ˵ǵϵҡһ˦ӣʹգȴ̲ס׷ʵԵҲҲиߵֵ֮ģֻŶͰ޵˸ڹأǸϵˣˣ
Ԫѯһʦ䣬֪Էʲô˼ҵʦʵڲÿڱʣǽ̸еĽɡ
һ͵ˣҪһ˹Ĩǵ˵ԪӵʵǹҲסȴѽֻܺ޺޵ţԸȴƵܡСһı¸Ī⣬˭أ
һһ£Ц˵Եδĳգһġ
Ԫһסһĸ첲æ˵С׿˵İϵסˣ
һǺһЦȻ
Ԫ˿Գ˵һΪͽأ˭СһΪ죬ϵ׾˰
ֻǣɵԶˣԪӰ⣬ΪһϧǰСӵıֻʦͽˡ书׿ˣӣעסǱ
һЦЦԪ֮⣬δÿɷ񣬶ǿһת˵òԣҸأ
ϵֻǲ²ѣֻδѣµͷ֮ʣӦˣ²Ԫ֪ģҲֻһ˵
һ߳˲ԭȥǰбɵ߲òˡҲǰһձ뿪ԭӻת֮ʱһҲǡ
ǰĴ̫ۣÿÿ˾ʱ¶ĹŹ飬һԵԪӶܲˡ
˼ɵȻżߺЩӵɫҲ̹ȻࡣһЩ˶ԼĵҲࡣ
˶ӹšһɲ˵š
ɫһһ죬ڵ˾ǱߵĲƽǡ
һ۳ǣϼȾ͸˰ߡ
ع˲ԭҲ˲ñƽǵķòŷ糾ƣ룬յͣ˳ڣ˶ʮյĲԭ֮С
סĿջвջջһԺӱ˵סһͬסһݡ
ڿش˼ͰˮһֻǼ򵥲һ£Գ˷ţǰľ¥ȥ
Ժں֣ųۡͶģʽ˵ȶУæµͣһԺڣ´һѰ¥ڣҪ̧ȴԶȥ
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֪ӾǺƽĹԱҲһȤһԹۿ
ǺӼƣɫ䣬æ˺һʩԭƽĴڴˣ¹ٵˣǣ˵꣬ߵͬ飬ͷҲأŲæ˳ȥҲˡ
СƲϵĺˮֳһĵÿ˰ɣҸҵطɡ
֣棡ʦܣôȥƻŰ˽ϴɾ˵Ҳղͬһʱӡ
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ƺһҡŰӣʶȤʦܷ𣬿û˾ȵ㣡
ȴ֪Է˵ʦǺεͷֻ£˲ԡ
ʦܣ룡ˣ磬СĵЦһڵкһ
һɫ¶ֲ
һߵСƵͷЦ⣬Ҳǫãʰݶϡɫ䣬ȴӵ˺档
ƽôһǣ


151 
߲ǣԲԼаƶɽˮǶ˲ط֮أΪ̹ڣһ
ַǡڳΪʹڣڿǵһլԺڣ¥̨ͤ鿣ʤգҺӰף欣ɽ٣˼ɾ
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һλߣŲȣһţ˵󣬸£ǵˣ
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߳Ƭ̧̣ͷ˵ıӰֻ׿һԶԶվŮų˵·㣬֪֣֮
˰ԶĿԽԶβ¥̨ͤ⡣Ȼ˵ܼҲҰ
תԣ¡ֶľϵİյ˿ſЦҡҡͷ˵ּλãôļ뿪˿顣ǺǣұԶǷ֮ؾǣң˳ϲҲ
Ӻݻò£ЦеĲΡ
ܼңھУҪȥ޼ʣңȫиˣ
Ȼ߰ڰ֣αϡãȻؿ죬Ҫˡ

ǴϣðнһһϣԪӳһֽɡһ档ԪԪҲԳɡڳϣյعۿǵĽ־
ֻϸʣϡ٣ԵĵУ˴һð·Ľˡ
Ǻǣҿϵ磬Ԫɡй۾ȤԪ²ȤȻ
һҲӦֻ˼ˣǰǸƽˣһԺǰ
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˷ɹܵƽݴţǰһƬռؼլԺ˰úóŵһԺӡ
Ժ涣̨ͤ˾ɵĿϾӡסĹø޲ڣһҲֵһ䡣
һԼľӲ󣬸ʽլӦþȫҲʧ¡һ¯̴ڷһ磬һڴڴľʡ
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Ǻһն࣬ǳʼ˷ܣֹˮûˡɽÿղ֪æЩʲôҲӰֻʦ˵ôﰲھǶգҲĴˣһ
Ǻ֮󣬵Ҳ಻ס飬׷ðŴ˳ȥ
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ȭͷӶ£ӵ֮ǣ·һȭɴݻһСһסǣϲȫĸо
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һ߳ӣԺھĵġ
굲סˣԪҲһ˳ȥ֪ʲôȥˡѹʱԺûˡ
ҪԼҲȥһߣһԴһᣬڷǰһֽɡȥ

ʱĻʹڣһɭϵĹУһ׳һ߶Ի
ʮͷͣͷǶڣһɫ˿צɡϣͿһĨ룬˫Ŀŭ
һʿ磬볤üӤ˫Ŀ΢أָǰӡһľ֮ϡ
˴˷ֵֻвԸ߶˼ͣת߹˵
߻۾Ƴһۣ˵ƽ´ھǣö֮ڼȥ˺⣬Եɺ֮»ɵϱɽ˷ëϴ裬̥ǣ˵Ӵ˻ó̤֮;Ҳδ֪
̹ʵۣһ˵ĿЦɵ֮˵˰š֮˭˲أҲϰ֮γٳٲšɵ°빦
Ǻɵһ£˶Դȷ𣿡Цһգʵ
ߺһвȻ˵Ȼʦ֮ʱƶ׿˵ġֻǺ޼ʣѰٰˣȻƶȥһأ
ӹһЦ˵ǿɲɰϿҴնĻˣԶأοҲ벻أ
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ߵʦ棬̹ʼΪʼҹǧʦ̹ȨҲӻʼҵõ
Խ˵ĴڣʦһֱΪֻһʼղһɷǵʼҵĹʵˡ
ʦ̹Ȩء빲ΪˣΪʦʵҲɷѿģΪ̹Ȩȹ̣뾡˰취
Բмƽϣ


152 
̻ʵۺ̩λҲĹ⾰֮ĲǰȻʵļУֻʣƽˡ
ʼպ룬к̩ƽ밲һĸֵͬܣСų
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̫ƽԺֵǽοұͲ顣
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ϣƽǰһڳ£żϸɤ

ΪʵۣϵϡԼֵܣͬǸ߸ϵoｮ򣬽һУǧҲһԾ֮Ϊʵ۵ƣȨһץУȾָпҲС
ʵۺ̩Ψһһ£ĺĵƣȻ
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ƽ밲ʵ೤úƣֻСЩҲʮͷ
߽밲鹧ԼĻʵ۸磬ʩһ񣬶ֳŵ붨߹񣺡ˣ
Ǻǣ밲˴ûˣֵ񣡡̩º͵˵ֻӶЦ⡣
ҲֻǷӣɫƽһ䣺ƶ¡԰գĿ
밲ЩδأԹ˵Թų򣬾֮ҷϣֻ֪кηԸ
ǰظֵܣ̩ʵ۰һ˵ȥ֪ﺣ򣬼Թ֪밲мƽϣ
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밲ԣͨһ£˫Ŀ΢죬ʵлֻ³ܴȥҲˣֶౣأ
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밲ͷؿ£ڵשϡ顱죬Զȥĺ̩ʵ۽һ٣̶ͷҲص߿ˡ
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лˣ밲æߵıӰлĨ˰ϵˮ飬תԹ

ھǶһƧĺͬڣһ۵СԺУˮɽ
£ɽһʩ˵ƽҵԶΣ˵ּ⣬Ӳ£ǰʦ嶨ᣡ
լһߣ΢΢˵ڻʼҵУҲǽç֮ȻΥˣҲǶԵɣҲ棬Ӧǡ
ǣɽӦ
̧ۿľСԺʵһжź𣿲ҪҪͷ©˵ţ̾˿Ϲͷˣ֪ܲܽЩ󱲴أ
ʦģһеӰšУʦˣСǴл˼أɽ״ȫûպˬԵֻ̬Сľн
Цһ˵ˣǰ;δϷΪЩˣԵһ·˳ɣ
ɽ㽫;֮¶Ҫ˵һ飬ԼÿÿΪ֮ʱǿùδѶʾ
˵Ⱥбԭ֮ʱɽвһǸ˵Ӱһθǰ
ɽôˣ߳ʵ
˼ɽæعæ˼һһ
ԣüһչӾէַּƬ̣˵һӣᣬ֮ɽΣʱ̣ݲȣ˲ײ֮ʣΣΣӶɲ޶⣡ɽΪǿⰡ
ʦѵǣɽв⣬ʵʵͷ
ߺɫһתҡҡͷԳЦЦ˵СأӦϷˣ
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߳ԴɽĻԺַ꣬˵˳ȥضԶ


153 
־ˮڲסֵԴࣻڲȥֽǴҺ졣
һִɡڱУǵľǡdĽֵʯ̾ͣˮϴ󣬸쳣иǰеĳ嶯
ڣӦŸǰֵͨ˴һʱֲϱԼҪȥδͷ
洦йɡһţǰС
˳ֱߵĽֵһҲ֪˶ãǰȻһӳǰ档ԴУˮϲʱдƮ޵˿ľ񵭣⡣
һ˹ȥͣһװξǰܣһ棬˴˲ƴڻ˵Ц
ƹЩһźӰǰȥ
źӵͣʮֻݣۼ
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ֻһϣ׳ĺӣֵһģˡһʮģò㣬׶ĺ޻֮
ת۹㱻ӵ˰ϣǱصˮСȴܲ˵Ӷסȥ·εعڵϣԻ
̣㿴һ۰ˣ㿴һۣҺȥҲԸŻ޺š
ɣ̹ﲻģİɣ
ٺ٣ûҲѧǷӣޣ
ӱŰӣŰЦʱԳšߵЩȴǼֲֵģһǺЦţ֡
λֵܣģ֪ô°ɣһһϣһģѰ˵
һػͷԷӦ˴ǺڣΪأ
ǸʮˣٺһЦ˵ֵأ⻭ʲôģǺȾˣӵǮ˵ߣŵĴأ˴һ¥вͬĹԭɶǹٻ˼ҵĺŮӣǷ˹˾ű˼Щһòɣ֪֮֮Ͱٺ٣𣿡
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ΨһףĭĽ̹黭һòɣˮڶ໭УĻ˭˲֪˭˲һǧֻΪһЦأ
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һѭȥֻ޺ţ̣ܳأ㻯һƹ»㣬̣ȥҲ˫Ŀ࣬꣬ҡվͨһͷ˺ˮС
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Բѵ͵Żںˮ꣬ɫҲת࣬۾һѽסһ֣˫Ŀԣ̣ҵڤˣ
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һɣΪλǣԼأǺ쳾гϵδ֪ȶ䣬İĺˮߣϸУĪöҡ


154 ·խ
ڴİߣеֽɡһ⵭Զ
һֱһΪͬڷˣҪˡ˵뼺ɡ
һеĻͷһ˿ɬ֪бڷˣһӡ֮ûз˵ķգΪ·;Уδѡ
δ֪лȻ
֮;ѹ죬ٵҩ֮ΪԵң쳾ȴǿıؾ֮;
֮֮࣬һ㲻ҲӲǰ꼾ֻһ⣬ܲһڡ
һУȫķˮӣʪѡþ֮ŶԹز˵𣡡
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һûӦŵ쳾У֪ͬ͡쳾УҲ㼣
Ϊ쳾ͣͬʱһҲǺ쳾̲еһҶۡ
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Сĳһش˹ȥźšһɫһת
ֹˣһʮͷӣһɫ͸࣬һ˫дżֲͷǰĶˣҪڴתһʱһͣæ۾͵Ŵͣ
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ˣӵͷܣȴһ㿪Ҫſڴǰ˴ĻȻ
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Ŀ벻ǰһǰûʲôͬǸԸЩüĿЩԹͷأΪϴˣ˭ԷҲϳԼտԩ·խ
һҲϳˡ常ȥƽҩǴ常ȥֽѵһ١
˱Ǹصֵܣ˻ӵҲ벻ǧ⣬ھôԩңһ޳ȥȻ˽ᣬǰҲǳˣûҪƽϡ
ӣӵףһԲһϡǵö˷ֱġһ룬ͷһãȻĺЦɰ·ǣסƽݣֵǿӷ絹ǲأҸطȱ裬ɵҲ
Ӷʹһ֪СΪһ˼书Ǵеˡύһȥ鲻Ҳա
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ڻϼѩһ󣬱㾪ΪˣӴߵ鲻ġ
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һ߹ֿڣԶԶӰΧˣһЩٲڳЩбĻָָ㡣ǵú˵֮ſĽֵԶԶ뿪Ӱȥ
δԶһɫһ漴ֹסǰСţӰȥ
ڶȥԶʧǵĺַһ汯ҡ׶㡣ͻȻһֻڼϣһ̱ȥ
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һüͷʵΪˣڴ˴
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һʶɨӵԺ䣬ǰţĲ١
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163 
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ѩ־壬ڴؾþעһأԲ̧ƹףǰ֮֮ƶ
һ˵ͷ˵⻹Ƭ壬ãɰһƬµ常
ѩᡰšһӹһе塣
һȡһľУ˵ľʱھģ˵ţľУ÷ָ˵öǼʱӳɣ֮áɱȴڼҪͷ˵֮ãҪ֪
ѩᡰšһӹľС
һֶ˸˵мΪ̲滹һöҹ飬Ƿҹкܺõġ滹һţһЩסַʱ֮롣㵽̫ƽʱѰ̫ƽھ֣ǻؼҡ
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һִɡͣ˽ŲȻ
ǰ治ԶԶԶ˶ˡľϲæһС˹
̹Сһֱأ´ŻԶ㹰Ҿ
ѩɫƽ˸ǰһ񣬵лǣңѩợƣ
Цݽϣ㵵Ŀǰˡ
뾪ȣáܼҸ֮ѰҪȥҸžۡѩԼȴƽ
һʵֵܣ⡭
һ£ǰһ˵ƶԲ飡Ҿȵú֮ʱԵɺ֮£Ѱƶӣ
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ɴ۾һôԶ
Ӧ˵һɫһ䡣
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һɫת˵ǻҾ֮ҲãƶĽ֮Ҳգŵԡĳ£죬Ŵв飡ԵδҲʹȻ֮㲻;֣ýҪЮ⡣ȻĲ㣡
һԵѩƣɫȻĬ
ҺģȻչﰲȻͻȥΥģҺͶˮæؿڣĵ
һüͷһ壬⺪ϲͶˮҲΣѩԱֶΡһ·ͣҲʡȴһŮ·;ϵ಻㡣
ѩƳ庪֣һ˵ͺˣ
ϲЦտ֣˵չγԣС֣ɱСҲ
Զĺʱգиνأѩƶüʵ
ˬЦ£·дӻȥ˵СѧȥҲ
һֽɡѩƣźСĵĽڣ
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紺μʱ࣬ȥƳٴִȥĹáౣأ
ѩƻδˣȻϣ顣õİˣһ̱ŷ˳
ֹ졣ΣȥԶ
һ̣һͻȻҲС
Ʈҷ֮Уˮʪӡ˿˿⻬ǣ֪ǲˮζ
ʮδйĸܣһĵ֮ȥȴ޵ĪлһǴ국ǧ˿ƣȥ
ԶǳƲҵɽ룬һתȥУһͻ̾ϢƻĻ졪


164 
һص֮ʱɫɴṦǰУʴ·ϵ˲ʱ֮ףָҲΪһԵɣһֻһУһ
صƽǰǰżеıһ⡣ҪƽʱסʡݺǼɫŹֵػӻ֣ʾ߿Խȥ
һߵסСԺʱٴͣ˽Ų
һıѽԺΧδǰбе衣һв²⣬ɫʵסڴ˴λԵ裿
һͷģĹٲȺףӣ䣬ȵ˻ʳǱ˾Ȼסڴ˴뱨
ɨһڵˣһ˵ɵһ˭֪δ䣬ܱһΧ
һ˫֣ü΢ǸٲʵΪΣ
ǹٲδԺڴһϺȣ֮ŲӿɫߵˡΪɽɫÿ
ŽһȺҪѰһδȴɾΧһʲôˣû֪޹һŭ
ɽ󣬻ԪӵˡӰһˣȫˡǰˣһǰһ˵һϣλͬţ
ɽĿһɨתŭɫ˵޹ΧҾҵڣλ˵ף
´һɽ˹֣ȴ޾⣬ǹ¹ļƣ˵ʳǽ£ˮ֮ϣʮֻ٣㡣֤ƽһӣʱ֣ȵһͶˮţӦŵȻһŮӡ񣬴Ů䲻ұ˾Ǹ֮ʱھﴦǲȫɱȥѾҰΪŭҪҵؼ׶̡˿̣һڴˣҵҪô˹鰸ȲҪ󣡡
ɵǡˡ𣬷׷׽۹ⲻһңһĴ
ľʦ㣬Ҳǵɴ۾ȴ֮⡣
Ԫַ룬˼Ŀ鵭Ȼһ΢΢ҡͷ
ྲ
ɽһɫĿӹˣһϣʵһʵ˵ûиϵ
һҡҡͷбӲ٣֮λ޴ǣżһͶˮϰ²٣Ƽˮ꣬һʱͿȰοҲֻȨ֮ߣֻô˷֮ɾȴȳһ׮λˣǻԩ޳ΪҪɱ˻ٴأ׶񣬿֤֤
԰ó֤֤
ƾʲôץˣ
޹ԩˣ
˷׷׽ţΣһɵˣЩӵҲҲס
ǵȺ鼤ܣӲٲΪȻذ°ͣۿˣʢ˵˵ĪǶҪ췴ɣټ˷˭ˣ˴ӽ¡ҲʲôˣҲţǻҲҪʵſš̵֪ɣ֮Ȳ⣬˰˽֮ǰ˭Ҳ뿪ǰ벽
ӹٲְ˫ĿԲţݺݵĿˡȺıǵǹ򣬻
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Ҳɽ̧ұֹۣס˵ĳ嶯ЦһɺЦɢƱˡ
Ӳٰľæ˺䱸ɽҴ⡣
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¶мЦתȥ˴ߣ
ɽһѵһǰŭʵΪβԵƬ̣
ƽĿؿɽߵپǲܣأ赲ʲ참ͬ췴ˣٵӣڱȻӦŵһȥ
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ɽæֹƽЦŰڰ֣ǸȥıҲͣ˽Ų
ɽüƬ̣תһ˵һҪίˣ
һԭɫƽɽԣǣĿɨˣͷ˵޷ȥǣ԰գתȥƽæ´ӵ档
ƽڶıмְ֮˾ʿɣЩ˸˾ǡʶЩҲ£ֻǲٹԱĽ
徲ǰԺɽ˼Ƭ̣Լ˵ȥƽ²˰ݣɫҴңȥ
һǴ￴ϵ۵ŵӣһ·Σͷʵ˲˽䲢޺øУǣɵϣЩ̲סɧ
һǼհǳЩ
Ҳܾȳһùģ
ߣСǿк˴䣬һʱѪӿŷ
Щԩһأʮֻ˭бȥˣܰȻȥͣУ
һӶѣץҲץˣûʲô󰭣
һ£ǣҵȰɡ

ԪҲǣʵʦֵû°ɣЩ˼ֱһɺԣֵһˣ˵ЩܲˣҲҪиԵɰɣ
ߣǰȥоȳֵܱǣԪ絹Ǹɴࡣ
ԪĿ͵ؿԼͽܣ㵱׽ģ֮ˣȥ˱أΪʦΪû˵һ˲Ϲģ


165 
һЩԶһƬĹ㳡֮ϡ
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ƽһ֣һһǰ
ɷ˵˽һĲһƣ˩סí֮һѽƵڵأӶíסһûֿʩΪ
æͷĻƣſڵϵһЦһԿ֡
ΪҪסֽţһӵ𣬿Ų¼ʮصĳʵ
ߣôϻΣȻٲ̾߼
ƽ°һ̧ĸǰסһ֫һѰָԴ뻳С
״ƽֹЩֹϰΪ
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ƽֽӹҲǿף㽫䴧˻УǼͷ˳סһȥ
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Ժţһ̧һӣһĵصڳǰ
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ĹӰУһɼ䶯һͬȵӰ
һһУţΨմȾ˴Ļ㣬ֵȥ
ڣһӳʪĵЩشǰһС
դȫΪƣСҲ߼һѸõéݶһǣһɫ͸ѪζӦǳѾõѪé£һֻӵɺС۾һһŲæܵյϣţֲһڡ
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ֻɱǸˣΪû˻Լòͷ룬ôˣһ֤ʵԼڻ֮ϣȥѩƼ棬ǰٿĪˡɼ˵֮⣬ȴ֮С
֮ǰ֪ٸԴưոݣʴˣһæѩߡԪ׳ܣԸѩ뺪ܰȻԶȥ
һǵǣɻ᲻ǣг̡̣ܴеʱ
ʶڴˣֻ̡˴ضסһǬϽ«ǸξƽҲʱȡǡ¹֣ʱҪϸϸá

֪˶ã֨ѽ۵δŴ򿪣ű˽һѹɤӣŲͷһ
һ˴ϳδ뿪£βԶһԵһڡ
ӾɣھŸʽ̾ߣһյ滹żֻǩӡһľһĹģˡһԻվ׳ǸξƽҲУ䱧ŰӣĿ䡣
һյһżʮص°⣬һ˵ڵء
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һݵԴ̧һ˫۾һ棬ľһģسһ񣬼ٲ򣬳Զײãʮ£Чȣ
Ӧŵǰסһ
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һüͷһ壬һΡץļ׳ֻһɴվȣֱˤȥֱֱײǽϣšϡһڵء
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ҿ̣
żµƽŭ֪ǰ书ɴʮܷȥɡ
ĹҲһ㶣벻εطðԼĹһľϡĺ룬еͽĿشʮ壡
һͫ΢ĹƽЦҡҡͷź˵λ˼Ȼ˵䣬ҲǵˡҴһ£Ҷһ֫ҴҶʮ壬׼°ɣƽҲˣ֮裬㡣ٲʶôһ㣬ұȡ
ĹһĿɹ֮£ʱú壬ͷһᵹȥ
ƽҲǵһɫ̹Ȼſȴɱ⣬Ҳһ¶Ǽ׳ӵȻ֮ʣֻ˿Ŷλˣ
Ĺٺãһ˫ӼתȦˣ߳ŭһľ˻ߵȵ̲ɣǴΣǽ֮ˣҲֻǳѿ֮ˣٺݺݴ򣬿ͽҪβ񣡡
ƽҲǻȻ߷ߣ벻ԼһĹе仰סˡУʲô籩֮ͽû
еСľ壬ƽǽߵľݺݵ˵ҽ˷ŵһҲҲұ㣬Ҳ˹ʣ


166 ԩ
²ˣһɱⱻһǿСɫ䣬Ҳ۾һգμ˽Լϡ
ƽľžһһݺݵشһϡ
ǳҪİӣ˳ԳܵĴҲ⡣ȥһĻ۱鲼Ź䣬ϵļף̶Ѫģ
һߵֻס뾭ƽŰ²޺õ֮ƣҲ֪Ǻá
ǰH֮ɱˣΣ֮ɻ뿪Ѱɽʳ;
һҡͷһл̫뵱Ȼˣǰ㣬Լֺһк֣һŴɵĵ̣Сͷ̤϶֮֮ǰеһУȻ
ʦź󣬱˿и¡ÿÿͻ䣬֮࣬ԲΥ¡˵ԸΥδȥԹʲô
ѩƺһбһֲõԤСصƽʱ֪޴ӻرܡɱôˣ·󣬱ץΣҲԤϡ
Ϊ˾ѩƣӦиΪƵķӡµͷһԲһЩ£Ƹɴ䣬ʵˮôı׶ˡ˵ҲһѵԺ£Ϊ֮
ֻǣָΣһ֪
һҪߵ·֪δعǵʱֻȥһ⡣
ҪҪζԸԼ
Ƥۣ֮ⲻһҧءɻƽҪɱ㣬Ѱ·
ƽһ˶ʮһſҲŽմѪľһԡӹֽöͷĺˮһԵľϣݺݵһڣˮûУ
һͰˮͷ£һҲһǰӣĿģǽϵĻѳŵ˾һ
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ƽᣬǰӹ¼õļֽһǰץָմ˵ϵѪֽһһѺʱˡ
ڵϵһѽáֻǹЦƽʩΪ벻⡣
ʱ˽һ
ĿУֵɫŲӣһǰȥĿ˵Ǻοأװһʹܸ֪̹䣬ǰܵô
һڵϣ¶ζЦ⡣Ǹ˿еĳɣӦǴˡ˶ԴԼԵɰ΢΢ҡͷĿоǼڽ֮⡣
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һ̧ͻصǰǸС
صˤڵϣ˵ʹϮһЦһУҵġһˣǽ֣ĥһҲӳ졣ƽ֮ʱһԽ²СһʮѰˣ类ˡɼΣݽ棬ЩĲԼ
֮ڣ޹֮أ
ϵƤ֮ˣһ⣬ҲйҽΣ¡
֮ԼΪɹٸƾʵݣŹʴϸӡܶԼһҪΪһˣ׼䣬Ӧһ³
ӲӻȨҲӹٸȥ췴ʲôġ֮ƽȣһӲΪ˭֮ϡԼٴɱˣҲΪ˾ˡ֮йⷬӦ
ɳɹ˽ƽһɱӲˣƣһɱ
λλôƺôݰˣһϵʱʱһС
εУѺ˰ٶˣһղŽ֪ˣֻĹʰˡ
Ըڵһߡ
һ˿֪޶࣬ɰ̾һſӱߣ˵λϲ޷ģӣа
һͿϤϤӱߵéݶ¶һ׷Բԣ۹棬ݿµߡһЦЦڲݶ˵ˡֻ㻹ᰡϧඣ
ߵɤ㣬ʱͣ
һ߻е֪˾ǵʦҲ˵ǻϵʦȰɱ¾Ρ
߻ģУ鲻ϣȰɻϷŹԼЩֵܡִǸ߸ϵĻϣˡ
˵±ڸɱ֮ģҲֻȥ
ߣνƿ;ʱȥ
ϲлкˣʲôҪҰ𣿡һʵ
ſûݵͣЦˣòŴŴϢ˵ҵļиأһϷǰͷӣ֮ʱΪսɳҲû£ҷǰҲˣֻʣͷˡ䣬ǣҡ
һȥһ˿롣̾Ϣһˣ䣬ȴҲ֪γ԰ο
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߻ǵӣһֹʣƵЩؿһãŻ˵ˣлˣѹˡ棬ѰˣΪҲ䵽˴
һ֪޶࣬Լ˵һ¡
߳Ƭ̣ڲݶŸӣһЦ֮ϣ¶Ҫи˵ǲ֮ˣ޹ؽҪǲץ㣬ץˡ֮֮ˣֻǻ϶԰յһѡνλеϵˡ
һŲʵΪߣҲ𣿡ʱľ
΢΢ҡͷ̾ΪߣִΪи˽֮٣ֻ˳ӡ̫ƽҲǹٳ֮ͬ䣬໥֮ﵽԼɸ֮Ŀġ
һƶǶصͷ֮ϵ飬߲Ը̸תԵ˵ڳҪȥƽ˵顣ϷҲ֪Σֻƽǰ㣬һԱȨأѱ
ֹ̾Ϣ£
һ֮Զ󡣶˿̣ʮһ⾩ʢû˺棬ҲϲֻĪ롣û޵ҲԶ֮أڴɽ糣һ㣬Ȣӣܺ
һƮصƬУУĶݡ


167 
ʹڣƽ밲Ųæ̩۵޹ȥӭһ̡
ȥͨ˵ˣмҪϣ
밲ɫֶڳС΢Ц֮ʱûӰ
糯ᣬ֪˳ûССȥԺƬ̣
밲ԶȥڳŲ˫һüͷ˰ĹǸڳʩѻˣС
밲ɫԻڳ˸ӣʵ޴飿
ڳӣ´һۣ˵˵ǰһ˽ᣬʢŭ֮£ּ˸նʱҪնأ
밲ɫ䣬ߴٵ죡ȥϣ

һſڳʪĵ˯ˡ
Уֱ϶ȥߡ磬߼ݣ޾ڲֹȻڷɣ֮ǰȻһƬء
һкþƺźأդϣ졣
һ˯ξѣ˯ۡ谵ܣסʵʲôʱˣ
ЦСӵĺӵˣ³ʱѹɣ
аգû˵ֲʱһڵȴǸЩٵ˵ˣˡ
һʵϲкηԸ
ڲݶϣһ氧˵˵ģȴˡ㻹ᰡϷˣ˵ţΡΡ˫֡
һɫһæʵϲǺ⣿
עһ̾һҡͷ
һĵһĬĬ˹֡
һ㱻гţһ
ǽվʮһ֣һԭǼˣӵı뺷˼ɷ
ﻹһˣǸ˫ִʮͣݲ԰ףų룬һֻǣһļį˫ĿãȻ
һǸһԵĵӱߣ˺ǳ¡
Сĵذŵӣ£ƨϴʹһЦֻ˫Ŀ޶Ц⡣δйˣ˯һ޺תİ˴롣һʱʹ⣬Ҳܡ
ȻһɫһʶУεϷһϤӰŲҵ߳εĴԺĪǡԭˡ
Աˣˣ·һһḷ̌һǸģǰһ̳Ӿƣһ
ǰӰһ߽һǶξƽؿһˣ˵ЩԺȣ󹤷ˣ
ģˣһЦͷƣϷ򲻳Ҳգ
ƽΪЦЦ˵ˣοأǻҪɱ㣬רŸŪһ·أ
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ԭҲǳйԱ٣աҲǹֱ֮ˣ֮ϣվסŵġһ֮⳯ϵ飬ǿһЩߡҲˣ˹ٵġ
ƽ̧ͷʾ⣬׳һ׽סǸˡһǯָһ֮˱ſͣһ̳Ӿ͹ȥ
˱Ǻֱζáת۹һС̳ҾƱĶӣŽ䶪¡
ʱˣԭ԰׵ѱһƬƺ졣߷ͣſڴ
˺Ƽֳ棬˵ľֹ֮Աǣǡ
ƽֹһ䣬ƲԳԷơɫʾһ£ǽߵĺһӵϣ˳˹ȥ˺ȥ¶ݹ᾵ӡ
һ˿ҵˣ˫Ŀŭ֮£ײǽѰùǼ׳Ĵ󺺡
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һУһһβ˸Ȧ˩ס˵߸ݺһա
һҺ˻˹ȥ
Щ˲Ųæһ׺ӵƲ˨ס˵壬Ž䷭ת
һ˳ſͣһֻסͷһβ˨
ƽһԵõ˵Ϊأ̳֮ϣʺʧֱ¡˩סͷأҪٺ
һ۽ǳ鴤£ؿǰһС
һóϸţΪĽ˫ַͬסĲӣ˫۽˨һ
ӱյÿ֨죬ţ۽ɣѳ˰ͦصģֻɫžƺ죬Բѡ
⻹꣬óһƿϥߵľ壬˩˫ȵӭϣΪѡ
סȥľأӳţǹϼʱҲ޷ģƽµ˵ϧһûԤе̱ڵأȤȻ
Բѵƽӻһ룬̧­ȥ
˲Ϣתֻɫƺ죬ͦءͷ­еʹ˫ĿԲ鿺ܡ
ƽ֣ĿԼǵһЦؿһ˵ѽ˿Ա˶̾˳ǰѺ󣬷һƵҵҲ˼°ǺǣСӣˣ
û뵽֮ǰҪ衣Щ˵ֻǰŪһʬһЩУǸԼˡû֪ûϲŭֵġ
һˣҪ̳ǳˣⲻһǰҲⲻһ衣ָжٵĲƽԩΡΡȨƻĹٸֻȥңһõˣ
ץΣ˭֪⸡ı󣬾д˰İۻأ
һ֮̾ʱǰֻץļһ̣ҪǸһ㡪


168 
󵨡
һ˫Ŀͺһ֮ڵĻһǼ̶һ㣬Ϊ֮һ͡
ڵƽˣʱôϢؿˡ죬ԴѣΡӽһߵǼӸǲ֮ʣʯԳ֣˼һƨˤڵء
ƽǽڣſվȣͷһͻıʣɫôˣæԼ£һҲɫȻʧǡ
Ϊ
ƽؿڣŵؿһĿҲڶ
ͷһƽƲסĵľ룬ǿ򶨡ҧվӣָһҪ˵ȴԷɫһ
ѽƽһ˫ֱԴˤڵءһ㣬ʹͣѣǵض
ȶı״һңæǰƽۡһŻһͫɢĿУƺ־ֵĹš
ƽŤһУҳȥҪȥ
ֽæҵĽƽӣ¼У̻̲ǼѪȣĪļ£Ͷξƽ״⼸˺²ѡ
ű˲ȥƽһüһһʶδȫָáеʶ꣬һ˳Թͷ
һʹЩԷ˵ǲ壬˱ʬ⡣ʴˣʼս⡶Ϊʶ֮׶ʩչ
ܵ裬Ŀ̶á£ҪһΪʵ޿̣ųֳƽҲ
ʱξأһŴϢɤ˻ƵЩݵĳɳſڣسƳһۡ
һæǰСĴξ֪ΪΣͻ̧ȥˣ
׵ˣɶƽͻܲ
˳£⣬һйȴΪ˵Ҳ۹ɨڵͬţӦæЦش˻׵ˣ
Ѻתӣڵļ˰ڰ֣ȥ治Ϊ̲ɣͽնȵȣҲǷ֮¡
ƽȻڣټƽһΡ֮ˣȥôһȻؼҲ⡣
ֻǣһʵЩ
ˣ˾ıҲãҲգһѪȣɷ֮ˣƹ񲻽һ㡣ʵȻ˵Ҳ֮˵ŸԵļɻ䡣
֮»Ϲٶأ
ڵļˣɫ֮У񽻼ᣬƷŵûзһ㣬һһͬ˵ΣѺ
εĺԺڣһվڣȥǲ۵ɫǻɵһƬϸƮ㡣
ǰڣ˰ͦأģֻǣԺ룬Լɼ
һ֪ǰ룬˻̼ȥŲҾȴ޷ʣΡ
ƽ֮֮࣬Σ
ֻǣ̳Ҫն
Ƴ˺ԺǰԺվ˱š¡һ򿪡
˵ıжӶ߳ʳεĴšаʮѺһơ
ԲԶפͻôڡıæһȥɼԼһʱһȹŮʧеһȥδ
һˣЦʾ⣬˵ȥ̳
ԷԪʦͽľ
һץɽżҹҵƽյȴƽػ֮ʱԪʦͽͲס֮£ƽݣǡľҲͬ˼˽һ·Ѱ
Ҫ̽࣬һˣ˭֪ηѰΣ˽ȥ
ԪűʱųһֻһԻرܡľȴǿһ֮ʣæ
һĻͷһǰƿɲ̳ͷץˣôվҪͷأ
תۼ䣬ʿѽԪ˸ľں󺰣һţҵ跨㣡
ľĺһ̾һбĿ
ǺãľһɤӣȴΪεؿԪӡ
ԪӿԶȥüͷ鳤룬סֹһСӣһģѪ汻˰ɣҪͷ
˲һٴɱˣԪϾôй
֮һ·һΪԪӾûС¡ΪҪٴɱأ
ھǰСӻ鷳˸鷳
ǱԩģԽǡһıԽӦ¡±㸰̳ɲϵҡͷԣ鳤룬ⲻֹ
˵ʲôľ׷һ䡣
Ԫӻعæɫ˵ʦͽȥ˿ȥϳϣ˵ţͽܣľ˷ֿ¡


169 ̳
ʹڡᣴأ̴ơһ紵ʪĺ
̩ḧ϶룬Ŀ䡣һԵǸˣüͷ
в˫Ŀأ˸ʱ˵һɣҲܽ·ӿɱҲЩç֮һЩӢ
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ֻǣ˾ٱƽѿȺټ֪ΰλֵأ߻˵
̩ɫ֣Ŀ΢΢ͷ˵һɣҲȥѰ֮ڽϸʲôΨҶ𡣺ߣôôЩҲʲôĪ⣬ʲô¯밲ҪΪ飬Ҳ֮СֻЩ֮䣬٣˴˲¼ɣ޲Űİ
޵ƽʩˣȴ֪¶
ú밲̩۸˵

ӵıӵ߹֡;Χ۵İգһָָش˺ѣ˸߲ҵؼе׷档
յľǣĽֵʱмֽա
һʮֽֿͣ£һ˸ʵ£Ѵһľ̨һԲԶһ£һЩԱģˡ
ֿڱΧǽΧ۰Ѽɽ˺еѵţ赲ӿȺ
һˣľ̨֮ϡಲ¶źںںëĹ֣ͷͷ󵶣վԡ
ľ̨ѱһҸͨһ򵹡󳶳һӣһţ˾ôֱͦͦš
ѺһҪ編ơ
һˣһһСϣȴͬߵ壬۵첻ͣزҺš
״һ£Ŀ׶ĶһҪε
ǰĿյأԼѹѹȺһҧҧȥһǹģǹʦġ
˵һҪնʾڣ죬ȴԼͬĸϳֻ̳ⲻбеţЩ¡
ò׼˽ȥǰΣ˲ɴ۾
ɽ˺ĵ䣬һƬյءµľ̨ϣվݣɱĹ֡ǹͷɭ⣬˲ӡ
ľ̨ϣһһˡ
ϵɫ죬鿺ܡСͷң飬Ѫ߰ߣϻŻҳ
һ
ֵܡ
ľԪ༸˳һ󺰡
һͿ˶Է˵ͷ
СӣУľ޺޶һ½ţ齹ǡ
ɽҲȺУɫ̹Ȼһɫ˫üҲ֪Щʲô
ԪӻյģֻɫжЩǡһͷʾ⣬Ǵ˸к㲻Щˣǰ֡
ϸУһŴĪ˷ܵݣ
ôˣЩմδı棬ԼɱͷҲΪǴ˵
һЩɫɫϣͬ飬ˣŭҲɡЩ˵ϣֻ˷ܡĮ
ûȥ뱻ɱ֮ǲԩģҲûȥ룬ɱ֮˸òɱЩտУڴһҲΪ֮ļµһڴ
ڴʲôͷʱһɲ
ɽХһȺȺ͡һģһ󳹹ǵĺ䣬ޱߵĺ⣬ͷ¶
һһڳǰЩҪڵȺʧȡ֮ģǺ쳾·ߣһ߾߳ªκ
ԵĮ˹ǧĳҲɫʡ
һ̣һֻ뿪ͻȻˣʦʮ꣬Ϊθɽ֡
볾䣬̬ʦҪҪ߳ǧ쳾
ӵԶȥһУֻֻ꣬磬ֻشڡ
ֺλֺΰ䣬ãȻǰЩˣǱϲԼθɣ
Щ˿Լǳ֣ԼЩˣֻһĵķ羰
ͷĺ⽥ԶȥʱһһƬ

ʹڡ
ϣɵˣЩǳĿˣܵڣ
ƽ밲У
̩˵˵Ϊڻʳڻٴɱˣô⣿
밲ɫ࣬ץˣնףҲ˵ǲǴףҴ̳ʱ˲УⲻɵΪҳ͢Ϊ𣿡
̩ߵҪɱˣޱҪΪǣִһçѣ˸Υ޵ּ⣿
밲һ£ͨڵأ׵ϣǵһͬԶ⣬İ
̩һŭǲ±ɽ𣿡
밲̧׿Լ׸磬ˣˮ¡ţ֣ܼ̤һ·ҲԹԡδУֱ㽫ܵȥ·Ͼܻ֣̿ǻҪȥɣοһأǰ;ȥãز
̩ۻȻվָź밲˻⣿㵱ǹΪ𣿡
밲زܲңֻһ
̩ؿʵû뵽ֵܾơΪ밲ֻʵʵ˳Լİšֵ֮ܲˣҲµ
ϣŭ
һϵǸ˻̩ǰŷزƽ˵
ƽȥǧ֮ңݣ֮顣ƶΪƽԸɣ
̩һ˵Ѻ̳޵ּܳ
˳ź̩΢΢ףغǺһЦ˵±ƶ桭


170 ն
ʮֽֿڣ꽥Ъ
һ߹ŵˣ΢΢ҡͷǻˣԺѨһģ˵ľƵͷϣ뽭˲ط;ͬ顣һĶˣﾭôڡ
һǸһŵıͦظڳݺݵļơżԱҲСȴһ곤ЩĹԱվž֪Ҫʲô
֪Ӻδһ죬̴ܼ٣ʮֽֿΪ֮һ
ǹԱϵ´һһ֪ΪѾʲôة֮Ǹ١۾ϣᵳӪ˽ȵȡ֮Ѿʮ⣬ɱƽߣɱ١
ǸԱǻϳνٴ죬ζűһ״
һɱ˷Ż𣬼ӣ޶ҲеͿԼôײаܻһһ뽫ɱ֮ˡ
Ϊɱõˣɱ˻ñʡ֮ν˳ɻڿĭҲ˰
ͨͨͨ
𣬺ò׾ȺһƬкʲô
һʱӦʱһˡ
ͣˣֽǾͷһĿһ䣬䣬䡭ƵɽУҲһȵӰ
ͨͨͨ
ʱˣһҡҡͷջ˼ɱҲҪѡһʢ֮ʱΪñɱ֮ˣֻأλ𡣶죬Ҳ˿˿䣬ֺ֮ڣ
ǰȺˮζţˮƯһŸƼסǧףǧֲͬ飬쳾֣װ̬쳾ߣڳһţһ˸顣
Լ˹ĺ쳾ˮ糱ֻԼԽԽԶ
У߳ˡһҡӣվ¶Цݡ
ϳԪӣľʦã˶̳ĹԱ⣬ߵһǰ
һЦţ˲
ɽɫͬǰ˵ԲҲ޷ĥŵӣ̾һ˵ƽһȥˣδѶʱԻ죬һɻúúļˡ㡭ʲôҪ˵
һ˵ͷüһϳ˵۴Σλ֮飬һˡ֣ʹһʹɣҽղλͬһ·ȥʱ򣬻ϳϺλͬţҪһ֮Ĳźð
һɫȻǰıеͬһ㡣
֮ҲƣҲڻû֮ɽû˼ƽϡһһƵصͷ
СӣϵɲģԪӿһһɣ԰СӲɣۿʱ࣬ҲҶ롣
Ŷǵ̳ҵģһЦ
Ԫԣ۾һɣæԴһ¡վĽЩһĻмغһԹ˰˼վţô⼸ˡ
ϵ£Сӣʲôʱˣĺԣϵһնװ
һľʦͷʾ⣬ɫлһֻֿš
ĿӶ뿪һԪЦҲգԺΣѣһԶԶģҲİ
֪ΪΣԪԣͷסһ룬ſΪ˭һߵı¡Ժ󡭡
һ룬ϵտڲԣżֺɵɫһСӻлĪǡ
̳ϲٱԪ书ٸߣҲҳ־ˣο⻹ھСȵˣҲӲȥһȻ֪Щһϵ졣
Сӣʲôʱˣ˵ЦҪɣԪӵɵԲڴؿһ
Ԫ룬С书ôߣҪԼܣûס㡣ˣֱѣֲһֻС˻·ߡ
һʦľƣľһС̳ߵһǰ
ǰľ̳һЦЦ˵лľλˣ
ʦܾ֮ҽö˲ʦᣬ˵һĵŮӣЦ˵ͷ
һաЩľȦҲˣ̳Ŀ⣬һС
һӹֱ̳죬ˬһЦоƣҺˣ
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ž̳أˤ÷顣
ͨͨͨ
Ǽ죬ɽɫһ䣬˵㱻һȺһߡ
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ŹԱƳǻһֽӹһ룬ͺ˼ҾƣһеĹͷ֮ϡ˶ӣɢɱ⣬ߵǰ
˻ֱͦͦţĶκη죬ֻŭ˫Ŀɫ¶֮⡣
һ·ߺãͣüǵҡԩͷծٱֿдʡ
ˡһȣֵ¡һһͷ­ɳԶǻʱӿѪʺ죬Ũޣ
ʧȥʬǰͽһ죬ľ̨֮¡
á
춯һĽк쳹ʮֽֿڵϿաǻȭͷŤ۸ߺš
ѪڿУڴѾõȺտ
ͦذǣ˫ֱȭԷȺƵƵʩΪ⡣һֲغһ˫Ŀ죬ߵһǰ
ǰȻվ£糱Ľк˲ôˡ
һҾƼִˣҰˣ


171 
˹ֵĺǿѺһæ˹
һݺһ䴦
һ˫֣Ҫһڵءǹ֣ݺ˿ĭϣͷ
Զɽޱ飬ĿؿѪ̳ܵһˣɳ͢ûɷʲ¡
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ľʦһɱ˲ûַ̳ĳ棬ϢԳ֣οɱĻԼˣ̲סȥ
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ȺеĽƣɥξʦܣôҪͷˣĿУĪİˣ
վһ˿żҪһɫҲÿ˵˼ɽ£벻ڽɣǣʲôǡ
ҦӵȼӣһΪ⡣ѵüôˣֵĳ棬˲УҲЩպ
ˣڿһǹʮֽֿڵˡƻıѳȥҵ䴦
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һ˫üϵ죬ٿȻһתһ˫ָոմͷ׻㣬ˤ˳ȥ
Ĺֵɴ۾Χ۵İҲʱͣնĹԱվҲסˡ
벻һ̣һַ
һֻԶ뺷ıԿõʵı㵵̧ͷȴǸǣе
ס֡
һӶʮֽֿϿը죬˶ֱ졣˽ͷһ¡ɲǼ䣬ʮֽֿڣѻȸ
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ϵʿüƮƮɷǵģ˫Ŀ磬ؿҪ̳׵ˡ
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ϵʿһšЩԱֻ˼
ԱҲҳʵһԣһЦ϶ɵֵĻˣЩԱܲأ
һͻϵʿͷҲһ顣źδеһʶɨ̳
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ʱһɵͬûһĵ
ϵʿַ룬ɫأһ¶ꡣ
Էʶ޼ɵɨȫһɫ䣬ǿ͡
Ƭ֮ϵʿɫһɡ̳֮ʱʶɨȺȻٲ˳еһĸв졣ç֮˾첻µز£Ҳͽͣջⲻһ
Ȼ̳㲻˺ȥȻҲճʶɨ֮ʱϵʿͷҲĪһһ֪Ϣʶг֡
ֹ˵çײϵʿȲһǰϸϸ̽һֻѪķ֮ϲϤ
ϵʿŷһ벻ģߵΪ˲֪ߵغ񣡡˵ţֵһ
һʱһε˲סԼֽţֻǺǿܶȥ
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һʵʵŴ˫֣ʩлɳ飡
ϵʿһһһӣѺһڹԱԣĲ졣
׷ˣѱ˼ù鰸ϵּ⣬նףһ˰ɣϵʿ˵꣬ĸӣתȥڹԱͣڳּ

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172 
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ԱǼϵʿߵûӰˣñȥһɱǿ棬í˵ģҪͷСץסһ֮ʱûŻ˳ȥ
Ѻһı¶ĻЦնĹԱҲЩ£ͷĻһһȥ̡
һԭأϵʿԶˣԷµͷֲɱԼˣҲΣ޿֮ʱ־ǣ˭ϳˣ˴ǲԻ֮ء
̣һת벻Ľһид
̨֮ϵǸͷ֮ˣصȴɱͷǸˣ䣬ݽ氡һ̾һңңȭת
ɣС󣡡ֵһ
һͷϵԱǡ˫Ŀŭһֱһ̶䡪һǼʮʱըƬ
Ȼһǰһ˸һţԷһ߷ɳȥɶԶˤ˸ࡣ
ҲС󣡺ߣһƬһףȥ
ڹԱԼҲһŵһ̳ô˴ת۱㽫ִˡ
һѱ⣬֮˸ոȥЩԱΡ
δĥһ˵ĻҲŵһ亹ҪŭԼС廹ûǰĽʵ
һȥ
ΧһУ޶ã·ؼֻһˡ
һŲȽɫȻͦúֱū\ʯѰֲϵĻҳͷϵĲмڲסеɣ
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ڳߵþˣǣҲˣγ̨أŲ£᲻ã̸У
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ſȺԾһ·ˮһķ϶
һȺ·ں쳾İߡ쳾ܽҪԶȥ

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СѾͷԶҲ㵽˯ȥˡ
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һһץԷɳǬϽ«԰ģŲƣӰʧ

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ŮҲૣüɣЦһƬɫУһݵӣݺŻеĽĴЦ
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Էˣһֶ֪ͬٵÿ
ڻʱȡһķĲ¡
һ̳лϳϵҩ˴˸кһ˹װ˯ҹǱƽݣҪΪһУ˶ϡ
ĻǬȡһµĻϣһŽż㣬ȥ
ݶϼ֮ʱһ룬ζȥ䱸ɭϵΣĵ޴Ӳ
ᳵ·εǰȴŽһ뾪ˣѰԿ֮ʱ£ʶչȥ
ǸѲǸߵӰ

һ߹֣һСǰԶ㵽ˣ˿ڵŷƣһʮӣɫЩ԰סһ˫ӣżֻֿţмֵĽҡ
һլԺǰͣ£ӲδһСУǴҴͷС˹ؽԺţ
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ɫ䣬һͷڵϣŲģֵܰҹϣһʱͿҰɡ
һŻ۵ˣ֮˵İָ̧
֨ѽŴ򿪣һ߰Ůӳǰ󻹸һλˡ


ĵӣԼҹɫͬȵӰǸһ§סŮӣԷһ
ͷŵ֣ԭûз죬ûعͷ⣬æֵܣһ֮ﲻҲãڶȥָ֣ϳʶ֮£ҲšҸ޹أְ̧

һеŮ˳ȥӹһ𣬳Ȼվָ̧Ӱ˵ҵףǺˡ˻ˣΪŮԸܹĹһذɡ
Ůò㣬ʱ棬ȴأ԰Сš
డǵıӦСӲɵģ׻ȥӼ޴룬ϧؿŮҲ˳̲סͷˣ콫ȥ
Ƿűߣߴۣǰ
״ӻȻعˣǴɱӰʧ

УһʶǸϤӰӡ
ٸץ֮Ѱƽݣ֪˴ֻ֮˱һΪˣΪٸеֶζе죬³çʡ
ӵĳ֣һжˮʯˡ
еһ֪һеԭίʶɱƽ֮ӱҪɱĵˡ

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173 뾩
ǵĵգɫ硣Ƶķ϶£ñõľǣһ
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ˮɫˣۻҵģͷߣĴСֻæµȺ
һڰߣȵؿǰ󴬡ԭھڣΪ¥̨ˣذͣЩ󴬣ȻҪһȥװ¡
ȥ˴һƶˣûбϻȥͬǰ
ΪˣһȴҲеֲͷ˾ʱһлԭȵЩˡɵͷϣ֪ʱѶİһЩ絽˴ϡ
һҲˣЩɵˡΪһɣӦвΪ֪鲼ϱ
ҴǶɺ֮õģĪĲԼƵݣŵͬȥ
һǰվһȺβ׵ˣмʮһࡣˣһ죬Ǵ뾩Ǹ˺¡Щ鹧Χһݿˡ
˶ʮ꣬Եúܸ߹һЩ˵ĺɵö˼ۡ˾ƽ£һүǰ𣿲ԣүҪͬȥ
СӣܵǴãֻҲͬˣ
һһȺ˺棬ȴԪ̬е˹üʵΪΣ
ϵҲǿ㣬öʰֻµͷСӦ䡣˵ʵϵ᲻أԪӿֵͷ⡣
һ룬δ˵
ԪӺһͣЩؿһ˵һ˵ǸץĶξڼУ̲һɣ¥Ѱ֮ʱ
һһԪӣ΢ЦɲӦ
ԪӼһֲ͵ĳεҡҡͷʵմ̳ŲϵҲû㡣˵ʵɣ̳֮ϣ𣿡
ϵеĿ⣬һǣʵǻ㣬ָأ
ͷһĶԪ˵̫ࡣɱƽͳɣû뵽һ㴫˾ǡ飬ϵ˼
Ԫһ˦ֹһ䣺С˵ȤǷֵȥɣһҡҡλΣһֻȥһЦЦĿԶ
һʱֻ󴬣緫һǰһ󻺻ʻ밶ߡ
һڴϣĵؿ羰һ֮䣬ʶ㽫һо۵ס
ϣԼƶ⣬Ϥıļˡ˶ʮİĺӣټʮϣܹʮˡ
һǣŵӣԪʦͽԼǸŪ׵ƽ£ԳǰĴ󴬡ԼڵϣǸ⣬һЩѰӡأһĿȻ
ȥֱӳһĬĬ£ߵߵĽƣδ⡣
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үӣһϲһ·ǧԷ޷֮ԼСģҲһߡ
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һŵĸӣܴףϴĸ棬úõĹӣҲƴһ档
գ˾ǵؽ磬Ҷݡ
ˮת䣬Ƶˮȥ˳ˮ߼Ϊ˳ֻҹ֮ʱϼӷ˵ȣ´ϳýУҲܳ㡣
һֵðУÿȴĿסһݵĽƣ֪þҲš
˶֮޷ΪһֻܾޡԪµ֪˶ٱ顣
ٲݻ׫У¼ôĵرδҩͼҩԣк¼ļ־Щһ˵ֻ۹۶޴֡
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һ֮·֮İණûҲ֪ʩΪֻաķ콣е֮С
Դһ֪ҲΣڴȥһɺúУҲʡȴ˵ࡣΪѩƵǸ壬һ;ͷ壬ǿԶԡ
ĹףȴɶʶĪĺôһԴ˵ǿϰꡡ
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ãһϲһΪɱСΪĵܵɣΨһıֶˡ֮⣬бɴãĲֵһᡣ
һģȫͬʿʱĲɱֻߵԶЩϡͿؾڱ˵
һǸɽеķڣλȥˣһλΪ߳ǰأҲ𣡿ϧһеļʶٵÿ뾩еǸϵʿҲ硣
Ϊ̣ЩʿԵ֮ʱһָΣֻҪת˰ɣ
һЦҡҡͷɵüͷʦõĽһֻϸʶУ֪ʱܳأ


174 
ֻ󴬣һ·ȥ;İݺᣬ԰续ɫˡ˵˰ݣϵ˽泩ɫɡ
뿪Ǻ󣬴˳ˮ֮£չҶݣչݣչݺˮӿºݣպɵĴ󴬱㵽ͨݡ
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ϲ߳գǰʤҲϵĺӣ˴󷢣̹¶׳ʵӡ
һķӭ洵еζ󺣣Զˡ
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һӴһ㣬߳㵽˴ϴˮһƬҲǳֻкˮĻ졣
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Ϊǰ׿ҵȶȥһҲĶүҲľڵλҪЩġ
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һ˫üǳ˵԰꣬ʱٻȥǡ
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ͨϱˮ󺣵·ӦǲġͻȻҳɵӣ޷Ǹ˹עˡ
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һ洬ǰգ֪Ǵϵ۵ԵʣԵɣĺϣһЩֻĸǰ󡣶ϵЩԤϣȻĴŴǰС
һգٰʱ֣ͨһͷϡ
һƶˣΪҪԷ˯أȴǴߴ´ƥʹȫ˰ʮˣ··ȴһֱֳΧҹɫǰ·
ǰͷɫŲæҪŸ·һ㡣һ۽Ƴܣ¶Ц
ɫʵˣ˵ȼѣŲͣʱͣЪţҴҳЩֽŸ·
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ԽǰߣˮŨܣһ˿ߵú䤱ȴһɫأʱСĵĴܡ
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ͻȻǰһƬ⣬ͬðһһȺֳŻסȥ·
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ȺУһɤŴ𣺡Ű޻شӭλ
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ΰ
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ĽһƬǰ˲¶ٶˣʮɡ
ҹɫУصĴϢǣŵģʪҲз࣬ǰǰδеΣ
ĳλˣҪΪ𣿡ץĳ˵
߳һ׳ʵĺӣֳһѳϵһȭ˵ҵȲ޶⣬ֻһ֮˳ҵȺ飡
ǺЦһһָԷʲôһȺС֮ҲᲢۣǴԲѣ
ǳֵĺӺһֱһӣ˵ֻеĵ˵ˣ
ڵҳȥ
ϵһŭȣѴϸ߸Ծֱ˵֮ˣгǣɭ⣬˹ȥ
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˽ɲǣ˫𣬸Դɱ⣬ײһ𡣶ʱ䣬裬׷ɣɱײҺڶ
Щ˾ϵֺƴ֮书ףսԼڼĶ֣ϲ·硣
ŰΪ׵Щˣ䶼ССɣҲǸеĺ֡ɵΪǿЩһʱֽæңҲֻƬ̹󣬱סš
ŵû겻壬һܣܶǻֲ嶫ϱҲ޴ӡУһȵϣ۾һæ˹ȥ
ֵܣң
һǰɱһ㡣ԽƵͷ˵߼ɣ
Ʒɿһϣһľ֡


175 
ʱϵ͹Գʼܱ˴ӦŲ˵£ģһҪˡˣһ˾ᱻΧڵ䡣
飬һԹۡɽҹֻ俴һ˱ʬ¡
ż˳ֵ˹һָᵯ˱һͷԵ־ϲʵʵϣ뿪һ
ǰʱȥǻԡѪѡֳִӵϼһѸֵĵ磬ӭ֮С
δϢһĵ㵽šæˣӵ赲Rиֵķɡ
ͷ󾪣Ų֮УһΪǱĺִӵϳһѳվһ˫ĿԲɱⲻŶ֡
ǸŰ޻ҲĿ䣬£Χ˹
ų΢΢ΡҪǵɱ˶Էİɱ˲ʮˣƣΧֻǿ֧š
ĿɨܣŨŨıӿͷʮµӣʣ޼Էн֮֡Υ֮ǰԤ֪³ֻԼЩ£Ĳװ
ǼҺѭȥҲҵ֮¡۽ǳ鴤ţһҵʹ̲סְסǳ߳ĵˡѪѽ͸ۣǵָǾҪƶˡ
ҡβĻУܻҡ
Ȳĵӣ
޻ǰһָ˵ȥˣ˵һ
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˵Ű޻ָ˵ҲһӣȰһ䣬οΪ˰װأ
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ֻһӣ˵һù֮ˡ˸߾书У˵ԼһҲûָ£ŸеԲ顣
֮࣬зֺ࣬ιʶһ֮أ
ģģ뿪ѵУѪȱءһ˫֣һɱڵĽӣɫƽ
һδ䣬мŰҪǰȴһȵ£
ŻһݺӣԽڶһƬ̣ȭ˵ָ߾ҵȲУȥ
һǰĺӣҲ˫ȭȴǺЦ
ǺϲɱĺۼȻһֱں棬ֱʱվ˳һص˵ͷһ֣ŶʮԶȥ
ŰȻЩ˵ĹǣȺסοôˣȴһǸĳֲǣµɺҲɢȥ
ԶˮߣӰͣżֻ󴬡


176 
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ĳлֵܾ֡ǿŵһɣʹƣʱӿͷҡӣɫ粻һʩһ
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ݣ֪ݵĳ𣿡һʵ
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ֻеƮڰУԷХʲôҲ˸ԺȻȴҳ
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177 Ǵ
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ԶԪӣ鳤룬¶ЦݡߵԪࡢԪҲ˷ܵؽеֵܡ
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ֻת֮䣬¶ٸӣѽһΧ˵䡣ɽĿԳ漴ɫһ䣬ˡһͺȣص塰һ͵سص˴ϡ

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һϳһУĹͷǱˡ
ԶԶɽҪȥ壬һæȣΪΪ˱
ֻǣͷɽԶԶƳһۺ󣬻Ǹɴس塣һͫ΢ĺһƬߣˣ⴬һϲˡ

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һҺǰ赲ȺһƬһ㣬ԽȺڰߣ밶֮Զ
һȣȺߣҲϢĹ򣬿ɺһ˿һͣûС
֮㣬ΧһҲֻһ٣ͷЩɱĽӣǹЦֱ۶Ȼץе͵ֱ򺣴Ϸȥ
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һŵӣڳ˵ʧһȻ飬ֱʵĿǣɽԼеΪ֮һ㶡
ߣ˴ģͬеĵֵȥˣɽɫѿǶԷһԲԣ뽫¡
һṦеΣҲ֪һɽΪҪȥⲻŵӣת֮顣
һŽ뽥Զĺ԰϶İһЩϵҲڴϣȻϲɫֻ⣬ϳϹȻˡ
;бΧͬеӶˣ·Ѷϣֻ˴һɫ糣
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һΪŵӣһ·ϴδԼˡϳԣɶһΪϣ޻˵ֻǣĺģһδͷڱδ֮׷󣬵õ֮صıӦ
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ӽһ죬һӹӳʪץסˮһùζ
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һ֮־ҲֻˡǺˣ˺⡭Ϊ֮ɣ


179 ׷
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ڶգһĵ뿪˴ճڡһ֪ϴһأǹȥˡ
һ־һ䱾ⲻԶ˴Ҳղ־ˣɽ˵ģ顣
һߣܺùΣ¶շת֮Ϊ޼ɣǲΪ֮ȻһЩõçк
հҲûˣÿջͳͺȵģһɴͶڲ²ͺƴûһ㡣
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һĿڲµСһԵ֣šԪϵƣĶ۾¶Ц
Сӣ㵹ڰôôҲƣ
Ԫŷ˹δӣüͷ
Ǻǣٺᣬ԰
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ԪӺǺһЦоƣζؿһ˵һ·㲻ʲôϵֻ룬һ·ȥֻ»Ҫһൣ
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ֻããĺˮһ޼ʡĿԶӣѳ󡣶޴ĺ嫲ãеһҶۡ
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̫пһ򺣴ȥ֪ЩӻҵԵɡ
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磬ˣ緫ǰۡ
У޴ĺǰƽȣţ㺣ˣǰʻԶȻں棬ٺ죬ֻҪ˼ʱ׷
ǸĪĽû¶⣬ˣӿ˼װ֮ϣԼʮ˵ӣӦɴ˴ԶЩȫˡ
ЩٴƶĺǣһɫڣӦǳд֮ˡпЩɻõĵӣԺд׷˸еš
ڼװϴ˻ả磬һлԪӵزԼСݡѳգһͷĴ˵ҲֻǸո̣¡

ҹʱ֣ˣ类һֻҡţҡڲͣԲǷ˵հ崫֨죬ڶУһҲͷƤ飬⴬ʱҪɢһ㡣
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Ѹ͵ķУÿһ˶ôС

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׷ˡϵӵĺ˲䱻û
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ЩͬɴУνƶˡǲ֪⾪κ˵Ĵϣ˫ָν
ǲյСգʵ˰һڴϱ߲ٷءװζӣϾˮԣ뷨ҲѰ
ʱ󣬱ͣЪֻзƲҹҲںХķԶȥ
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ĴͷϣһȦľȻб׷ɵԵʣͷϼʮ׳ĺӣ˸߲ҵشСС
һųʮߣ˴ΧţЦϴͷΪ⡣ߣԴɽҲżˣϴβ¥̨֮ϡ
϶ĪҪݣȻͷӣɽըװɤ


180 
ϳϴԲӣ󺣳죬Ҹһߣһ˵ο⺣ϣҲ׺ﲻηκˣ
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ȤֲĳɽԷ˵䡪
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뺣ϵķ羰˫Ŀھһɨ˱죬һŵͻȻڿһ㣬һҫ۵Ĺâͷ
âԼɼһСڵתָһ㣬СϵĹâٿȻһࡣһɫâķɽˡ졣
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181 ɽ
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±һѵõĻᣬһҪúüʶһ½ϵΪԼֶΡ
϶ľΪ⣬ǶЩ˵ӵķ죬Ԥϡָǰһ㣬ڿеķɽˡһ죬һ⣬㣬溣ϵıȥ
ͷ󾪣δ룬һâѵǰɫ䣬żһ㣬Ӻˡ
ṦӦѸһ˿֮⣬ɽǱҺһͷһѪ
ɽڵʯ䣬˱Ҽ磬һִ׺ӵдδˤڵأʬ
һҧһһԵĴ¡µĵŵôľһɵɵض߶೤âͷ
һУɽδնɱâУڰת˸䣬˺档
׺˲֮ʱֻ´ѵ죬֪æſڴȥֻɽѽ¸һʮɵĻڣˮкšͿ־ʱӿͷ
в׺˱һˮĹ룬б
Ҫˡ֪˭һҲһҽУ׷βȥϵں塣
׺ĺϣ˾ʧ룬̼һƬҡ
ɫģָңңһ㣬ɽͷɻأգ֮佫ϣ׺ƴʱ׿Զ㣬ǷɽԲϰݣɫâһҫһǣֱʮһȥ
ֻںĺѿǰĲҿѸŻ壬ǰѵͬš
ϵķɽĴͷڰ΢΢֡ˡһ˻ȥ
һ׺ʣµʱһѡ
ⳡϵ棬ɽĳ֮䣬Ϊɵ춨ʤ֡
ɵΪ֮֮ʱȺһ˼
ϲµͷģ䱾Ҳֻںĺ˱治еΣһȴǿˡǷɽתһȦԷʵȥƽǣǿ֮ĩ
ɽʶٿأʮԶڽʶ֮ˣʴˣɽֻܱٻأȻʧȥʶƣɽ뺣ˮҲδ֪
һĵûɵһɡʶѴԶҪԶԶʤڽϡԵУ˵Լڲ֮ˣֻǣ֪⽭ϻʲôֶΣԺҪΪá
һֱһʼսС΢ɵļλ̫ϳϣΪͷϵһʯУڣǲСģһʱɱӲͷƤֻεı󣬻Ĵҡ
һ֪ϵΪԼȴڶ֮İÿһλͬ
ھ֮ʱǸ˲ǶΪһͬҴ⡣ϵֶΣж˼ֵͷǿʯҲ
׻˲׺˺Ҳ˵ĹάǶǸѡλȻĺ빫ӣҲͬٴɫ
ɽȴҲҳ˽Ϻ󣬸¶ɫ
ϳϣ벻˸ˣҳˣҲȷɰ֮
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밲ҡͷ̾ˣҵȷӿԸʵģǺǣЦɫ͸żʧ´¥
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һڴϣԶԶ˵ĺûںˮУһҲͣæžˡڲӿĴ֮ϣ֪ܾȵü
Ǹ϶ּᣬǲˣвأڷɽ֮¡һҲû뵽˱ԼŹһΣڽӵ׺İ治򵥡
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ͬŸ֪һȻ֪ү¡ڻһ£Σأһһ䣬ǡ
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һĿɨˣҲЦűȭ֮ѡ
밲ŶȥһҲ´գصԼСССǰǸ͸ĿѱԲľϣǰ߸
ݺתȦðʪת˲ˬʱߵƽ࣬һȻȾ
˺գʱҲ֪ںδϳһֱûһ鷳ȥֻҪ߼ɡֻǴУɴУһҪĹ򣬲֪кʱܵ˰ˡ
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182 뵺
ʮһ
ΦϵĵӣĿѣ̧ͷtԶ󣬶šϵˣ˺׷ϼװ壬ǰ
һյȥʱɫʣ̿ϴһɫԶԶؿɼһ񸲸ǵĺ
Ǻеþˣÿռãã޼ʵĺˮէһеС˽ɫȻǲ׺ҲԺ
һҲȺ󣬺ؿźͻأС֪ǵʲôطĪǵɣ
ʱɵĺٽҲչȫò
ʮ﷽Բĺϣɽ࣬ľïʢһȦɫɳ̲ƵΧСľտĺˮӳȤʤա
һ׵ͷߣͣżֻСзӳڴɫСȻ˾ס
СܣǸͷͻȻֵĴ󴬣˵ϵľһЩ߳˲ᣬֵ̿ؿЩ֮͡
Щ˵òţ̵İշ·𣬾ǲ֪˴Ǻˡ
¿شֻĵӺ󣬺Ϸ壬ɽ˴ӵŽ´ȥһڴϣƳһɵӺ󣬱Ц̤羰컵С
ϵˣ˿ǵһ̲ؾۼһ
һ׷ԲԵߣԽڶӭ˽ǰʩ񣺡֪Ժη뵺кιɣвǲܷԸС϶
Ҳǹֻ񣬵Ȼ˵ҵһԴ̶;˵أЪϢ裬ȡλϵи㣡
ЩˣϲǸҲϲ⣬˵ԭǹʹ֮ˣС϶ʧˣţ˻һˣԶ߳һЦݣӭ˹
ԭ˵Ի뵺֮˼ǰӴ̱ܻˡЩ˼㽫˵Ϊ뵺
ϵΪǡ֮塱ָ֮⡣峤ˣȡÿ͵ĵǣҲ׷ˣȥ͡
ʢȴҲֻסһ󣬼һ߰кŶ¶̿㣬ԲԲϣһ˫ڰ׷۾鶯תͣ
кŽţһСܵһĸǰһѳס䣬е˵ȥҼҰɣ
Ǻǣðʲô֣һǺӵͷº͵Ц
кһӦˣĵǰͷͷЦ¶Ż˵ҽкأ
һ⺣ɳ̲ǰȥӦҽһ
Һִ磬𣿡ͣ½Ų۾һʵ
һǺЦаʲôط
ֵɳ̲Ϸ˸ͷҼҾǰ棬ִ
һźûԶתһƬ֣˼ᡣǰһƾɵˣչƣЦŴ˫֣ƵƵͷʾ⡣
˵үүһ񲻸ҷϣǰʺá
онһǰĵϣǺæǰæ󣬶ʳͣϵļţԼ̵Ρ
һҲ֪ЩԶ̸ԭϵİգǨˡЩԶ̱ˣͬΪˣ˼֮ʱԳΪ֮ˡ
̣²ǧ֮ңǰЩ˻ɵΪʶ¶š
ϲϸղ˵⺣кһʵ
һʣЦӲ̾Ϣһһ˵ȥ򱱣һ˵̾һˣʱӹֻʱҲϵİաĵһγ֮ʱǵС
ԭ游ΪССͣʵסһԸпʵڵĺԭû̵Ĺµ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ʵǸ󵺣Ϊ˵ɽˮǸڣԭ˾סġֻǻ֪һȥαơ
һͷҲ㾫ðˡ
ִ磬㳢ҲɵĹӡ
ƻ˵۾ڴһ
Щˣ缸꣬Զ½֮еСϣ֪ĥѣŰ˽գǰΪס
ϲؼң
ſûмݵͣЦһ°ϡİ룬ǵңԶ̾Ҷ仹֪˭ֲؼأֻǣҵȣ޸֮˰
۾һүүĻ漴ȻĬĬͷȥ
һ𣬲˵Ļģȴֲ֪γ԰οһʱ֮䣬Ҳֻܻ̾˿
˭ܲأԼ˶С꣬˵ЩںƯˡ
ȥңҲżģɻȥֻ˷ݣ֮˵ļң뵺ǵĸǴ̡ؼҵ·Щ˵ֻһֹ롣
ˡ
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183 

Ǽֵĺһͷ˲񷿣գ˳Ѷ˰Ѳ񵶡
Ҳ΢΢߬еһľȣҪܵĺ쵽үүүүأ
һҲվ˷߿־ֵ飬ţ˵ôͬڴˣµġԴȥ
ֹӣЩײУɲȥ¶̣ȰֹӰƶ񤣬Щ˴ġˡͷ˵ðĻǳȶ
һ˵ͷ˵ϲ֮ҵȵĺˡ޷ģȥ֪
ˣһȥȻ˽Աͷ⺣߲ơ
ɵ˲δϴͷϿԶ
ŹĺϣҰֻ⣬׺ĺѱİĴΧסںµĲ׺βѹˣ·ͷһʱ
ԶԶģ׺ǴıųǹļʸĴϱһƬѪꡣ
ֻĴ׺Ĵתۼûô
ĴϣðһĺӣԿŸֵץǧĵŲ׺Ĵȥ
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ЩƲºȥ˳ϴʱеӹϴϣֽŲõ
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һɱͷ֮˿Բ׺ĽѣϲȴһץеıǶ֣ȴͬ̽еǰⲻͬķȻ
׺ﺣϣ˴æ˴Ͽһֱ̫Σʱ̣Ǳ;յͷգǲȡᡣ
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ۿ˽ǰǺ̽׳ֱ۱ץ˹ȥ˭֪ȴһЦƽһ㣬źڵָ̧һһƵķɫ˶Էš
˻ףǺɫڻ裬Ͼ˼Էϵ״
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벻ЩΪ׺أ㴴ֱˡҩΪ飡
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ֽӹҩƿ˵лˣϷܵסҩƿҡͷǺЦһ¡ŮӵҩǲմΪá
ЦţԱСĲΪ⣬ǻ׿򰶱ߡɵһţסһеȥ·
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ԴǱ׳͸ƣΡĿӹߵˣԪʱŭݣһˣȴɫһ
ҲڴЩɵˣ˶ԷȺǸɫȻʱҲĸд㵡ֻ˽ڽ֮Ŀֻһ٣û˵ע⡣
ߣǿУ
ɽһӣɵĵǣͷԼĺ̲ϣԴ
󴬣ѷס뵺ĳڡ壬ҲͷϺ̲б뺷֮ͽæ뺣УһһιɵﺣδϣֻҪɱ˱ɣϵĲﲻ᳤ܵġ
Ҳֻת˲Ĺ򣬱ʮ˳˺̲ĴȺҲ½ӿ
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ݴͣҸ书Ѱ˿ɱȡϺ̲ĺδվȽŸ㱻նɱ˼ˡ
ѪȼԣЩ˷һη̲ϳ
ɽµӣӭڶĺƴɱľʦҲδϴö˲УԪʦͽҲҴ⣬ٽĺһһˡ
˸ոƣֲ㣬Ҳռһ麣̲һǵ
һ֮ˣȴԶŵĵ񣬱ԹۣүүҲŲ鿴
ЦҡҡͷһĿɱĺ̲ϣ⣬ϴţȻɵġÿγ֮ĩˣԲֺáοϳϵˣǽԼһˡҲ˵һǴУΨһˡ
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岻ʱأϵĺ̲ˣԵĺҲࡣ
ЩɱձȺΧЩթǣȴҰǸӵԶԸ
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ڼɽתźĸֵŷ˹
ɽһƳ⼸˺ɢ͵Ϯ֮ˣɳ̲䲻Ŀ˹ݺһ䡣
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ڴ̵ĽУɵЩˣĸ֣Щս֮ʣԸеŤ
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Щ򶷼˴Ĭֵܶ˲ʩչṦԷζֻƴˡú˺̲ǲû˰ƹ۵
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ÿÿҪжԷһ˱ƴԪҲͷۡϵɲЩܾˡ
ʴˣ˲һ𲻶ʱԪлּͽܱۣϵҲͲסˡ
Ϊޣĸ֣ЩҰˣڴ˳ಲƴɱԪж
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޳ƣˮ޳Σ˸Ҽסˣб仯ȡʤߣΪ֣
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ΧԪ˵ĺж˸ͷ֣û飬ֵ籩㣬Ͽ
ԪӲŲæУǰһⶶٻʢ裬ɲǼ䣬㽫û
ֻý꽻̶춣ֻͣ߰ĸֵƴԪӯĳһһɡ
еĸֵ֣֮ʱԪһһХУӸ߸Ծ䳤ӭڶƮƮ֮£ȻһƬâȻȥ
ҺʱһƬ߰˸нأֹ̲ϵİɳѪˮ͸һƬͨ졣
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ϵ¿νȵȸ䣬Ϊɴ䣬Ŀ̲Ϊ֮һֺȻĽккõˣȻˣɽҲ¶ϲɫ
Ԫ书ߣȴû֪便Ǽʶһءһ֮·ˣν֮ˡ
Զı˽кǸոմͷԪӣ޺޵һڣϵԶš


185 
ʦʲôΪֵܶ˴δ
ʦ˽أ˾ĽҲҪѧ
ʦԪԪ˷ܲѡɵ۵Ŀ⿴˱ʦҫֵ֮ʱֵܶĿһЦԪӵңԼͬԹ
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Ԫ֪ǣĲԶһˣΪнȻѡ
̲ͬвһ㣬һվáԪӵĽȻȴûǰľۣ񼡣
н˵̫ϤˡһʮĽǱ۾Ҳʹ伸ɽ㣬ǵġ
һΪ֮ȵǣԪӷʹĽֻУɬҲշĵ׾֮УȷɣʹԪĵС޷塱͵СԳ
ԪԪģ
ʦˣֻͷ˺̲¶ʮˣ໽ţֳ尶˹
ߣΣʦ˵УԪһ۳룬Ȼ˵
ϵҲɱƢ
ɣԪȻף¶Цݡ
һʦͽ˵ǰһǰӿĺתĿעԪӡ
СҲǰ಻ס˰ɣأԪҲһٳٲԸֵԵɣȴ֮⣬֮⡣òâʱƶ֪ˣһˣ߿һۡ
һЦǶڴˣһΣ
ǰһЩŹ֣ԪӲ롣ӿ˽ǰһת׹
ץһĴӭӵĺ
ԪӷŵĴЩ֪ʿǡϵʿû֣ȴһʮ߰ӭ
Щ˷˵Ұӣ԰ĺֻ˺֪ôСӣٽ˶ԸǸϵʿ
ǰһɣһֱ̧ˡһҲ֮ģȻ㽣ӭźϯ˹ȥ
ʮиֵով𣬱֮£дըȴиֵȫƬ
Щ溧Ȼ֮ʣһŲһ̤ѵͷȻ⣬кذ㣬ʮ
顪
һгҲסȻը顣Ԥϰ㣬ɫ䣬һм꼲ȥ
ͨϣʮͷ­ͬʱʬ䡣Щɱĺ棬Һ߰˷ϥĺˮУвݡ
ǴϢ֮䣬һɳ̲ϣһȥʮԴըĳҲ˰ֻ߰ˡһ֮֮˵нʮˡ
ǷŵԪǾףһĳֻ֣˵ˡ
һƽھֵĳǰҲ¶֡򸾶˱Ͼʶֻ֪࣬Сһֵ书ǿ
Щɵĸ֣۹ⲻһѰʦԱģһ֮䣬ʰôຣȻڳˡ
ЩԲ˵ɵĵǣ˼һ䣬ȴûһ书֪ŵǹĪ⣬̽ǳˡ
ľʦȴǰɱһľ̧ɱͥŲˣǸ
ɽȻ۹·һ˵֣Ҳ˿ղɽ¶ˮŵӣ˸߾书̾ڣ֮⣬û˵ʿ˰
һǰһȼеڶӣ˫˫Ŀ¶ɬ˶ĸ֮ΪˣһѰӣһ޾书Բλ࣡
ҦҲڼһԣͬǰѡ۽ǳ鶯ţĿɵһһˣԼһӣ
׺ĵǣһ۷̾ѣ벻ڣǸ֮⣬ĸִڣΩб¶ǰһ¶˼ɫ
һѸһ֮£ӿҲΪ֮һ١
Գ˵ķ죬һȻءʱ⣬Ҳ롣ʩչֻ书ʱӦ޴󰭡Ҳһ壿
һʶһɨһҡҡͷתԪӣĪζЦݣ̯˵Ľˣ


186 δ
ԪĿƵļһͣȴ֪Ӻ˵
һƣ˵˵֮˵٣żһ̧һֵС
ԪǿһУĪСصصͷ˵ãԪһɱУ
ԪӶһνת䣬⣬ֻԪԪ˾쵽ʦ״ֵܶˣȻʦ롣
ӿ˺̲˴ֳײһɱ
ǰԪӵѣ֪̽Щĵϸ˷ſֽţƶʱת
Ԫһͷ̫ʢҲһǰӿİʮڲСʱУɵնɱ
һԪӶˣȻ岻ֻ֣һ֡
ѪȾɳ̲
һ߾ʬںˮƮš
ŨصѪһµĺ̲ϣɭ֮⣬˵
뵺ϵǣеѹ˫죬֪ڵʲôҲڵأǼݵ֮顣
ЩѪܵļƷӦǶõĹ
һĬĬЩ֮ˣ̾һ֮ˣʵס
٣δȥ֪ڹڽ˲֮£޷֡
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ԪֻǹЦЦ۹Ƴһ
һĬĬɽһۣþ֮ɫƽعµı֣
ԣɽصͷоһЦãȻɵ˱ɣʱǶ໰ʱ򣬲֪λ֮ο
ɽһĺˬһԪӵ֮ͬһǣǿһԴԸ⣬ü΢ǵɫ䡣
ҵȥ£ֻ»Щ֮ˣһΪأԪ鳤룬Цһ
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ɽһȭΪֻܵĶ֮һǸĵӣôԵôŤ
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ĪŲƶ㷽ʹĪϲԪӿһߣ˵ȴжɵΧɵüֹ
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´֮ʱĿӹ˺̲һͣ١ͷδ飬㻯һӰʮһ֮ϡһ˦µ͵ǰȥںˮϳһˣ֮֮ĺ󴬶ȥ
˾콭ϵ֮ͨʱɺϣһٵĺӣӦǻõʮ£ӺԾ£ˮУѸ㣬ת۱㵽˼ֻԡ
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϶ʱİ𣬶õˣЩ޻֮ĺ顣ϵķɽʱӹ棬Ҳһʻ
̶һĹ򣬷Ż󴬣Լٶô伣ˡΩѪʬľмںƯ
׺µʮˣں̲Ľ䴦ؿźϼı仯
һʯϣͷĽʹĺ£һӿͷ
źĴ󴬣ת۱⸲֣֮Լô£ͬ󺣣ĵʹӿ˾޴Ĵۣ֪εǿ
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Ǻ䣬ԱĻΪȻŲԶˣ˵ʯ᲻°һģ
һʯᣬŭֻطһ̾Ϣ
ʯΪˣʧжɫأūΪأδûתأŤ֫˹ָ޽ǣЦ


187 
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Ůӣͷۡ¼ǰһӽͬҲ֪ЩôԸŮӰڲģһĵҪ٣׺һԸɡ
׺ֵˣҲΪԼº·Ȼɽ³Թֺβ½ͬأͶ֮£׺ĺ֮ǱҲࡣ
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֪ŮϰԣҲһʶֻǹעһеľٶ
ˣʯͺһ˳ڱࡣ
조šһˣȭ˵ɾӹΰϷ֮
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ϳϣȻɽΪβ̵ͬĽ֪ͬأôͬ⣬ѰɽԻԵҪ춨ΪɶԴҪʼأ
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ɽ⣬ȴ⣬ǰģΩԼһ˶ѡ֪϶ǰҪˣʲô
˭ɣҿ˭ܾȵ㣡ɽɶԷթٴֱ̧ۡ
һô˵ҲҪһԲ֪һЦ˫ȭɽңʩһ񣬴ĳһֵܡ
ˣ뺣ɱ񣬱ƣ˵ɤ㡣Ҵ⣬ٴ˵
һֵܣ
ĻϵĴΪ֮ȻΩǸ¶Цݣ˸һֽҡǸĪˣ᲻תǰأ
˽ԻȥȥѰеġһֵܡ
ʱһڲԶվ̲ϵΣȻҲеĶԹԹ޹أҲ¡
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һĻΪ˵𣿶ɽֻὫһŵӵĻ
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ϵľֹȻһƬǰ룬һ֮𣬶˳˹˵ļƣվһһǺεˣ
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Сӣû˵ķݣҹҦӳһᣬһŭ
Ҧӵľٶûֹɽ£أ˵ɫУеǣһĪڴ
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ҦӵİӶɳ̲УȥӣʧţвعУǸϤС
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һ䶪һ䣬ܾ㵵Ŀ⣬ǰȥ
һĶ⣬ͬ˵ϣɽҲ˰벽һ˾ٲνſ񣬲νţֱĿ˰
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ͼϵӣĿҲ¶ɵ֮⡣ǶʦּҦӱ̢һ֮£ҡͷ̾Ϣôһز¶ĸ֣ھȻ֪佻ãǺε£
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һУͣ½ŲɽĻŲʣֻĿؿű¶ˡ
˹Ƭ̣ɫ΢˵ֵܣˡĳ֮


188 ڲ
̾һһεҡҡͷ˵Ҳϲ˰ڲƣϲ˵ӣҲ뿴һΣ
лֵܴԴϲæʩһ
һתɽȭ˵ھɽǸŮҲʶãɵ£˽鲻ɱ֮ˡɱҲɱĵɶɶԣ๼
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һϯ˵꣬һ־ŭƣл̡˴Զ˴̣ǰ;δ֮£ݣʵȤ
һ֪ⷬڱ˵ͬСɡԹ˼Ը֣˵µһɵˡһΪɵӣһ˵ס
ʣڴΣͷ׳һνһá
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Ҫ֪˵ƣһ֪θ롣ȲЩϽ˼ԸЩϲ֮¡Ϊ׺ͷһʱ̰ˡ˵ףδҲδɡ
ʼ֣ȥʼգδزǵʹȻ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬עһɽˡ
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鵭Ȼֹݵһȴɽ
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һָɶԴ̽ĻҾѴ̣һӸ˵ڵĻڳҲԡˣҪɴЩյĶ֣յĳУһͬԶɺ⡣뵽˴ɽɫ
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ಽԪʦͽֻͣ˽ŲֻԪӶźĿǡ
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189 
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ĻУ֮⡣ʼͷ󣬽յԽ⿪ϰһ
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ָһ㣬һâٿȻУֱһؿڶȥ
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ϼɽԽɫæٻطɽѸϢȡΪҲֻǸոʩչɽȴޣܳá
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˵Ϊ²Լ֮¡ǽųһʱסǵŭ֮£Щӿɾˣ
ǺðﻢµĽϣûš
һУŭ֮£ҲΡȥʱǣҪźá
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һ㣬֨Ĵ̶죬ýϴ
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190 
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ϵĺһϲͣڷڵң㲻Ҷ֣Ц
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Ϊˣһܲŭأ
еԶԷѹ𾪡һϵҲ͸ԷΪ벻ʮˣΪ֮ߡæֹʩɱ˲ͷأѺοأ
㲻֮³һΪ΢߳ʵζˣһһ˵һȣգϲǰӣԳϣֺα̬
ϹһЦַ룬Ŀ˵벻Сֵܣᣬ˿ﲻѹ˸ߵΪýĳţ
һ룬ٻ죬ŶԽϱȭҲŶͣý˳ƺġ
޵֮ˣΪȣȲ÷˵⻹ǽĳռֵܵıأðһ䣬ֵܵΪ˺ֵزѽɫͰЩʵ
㿴ҲΪˣһЩ棬ܿϵΪԷԼĵϸ
ԣϵͷЦֻеɢѹʦֻҪʤһĳ꣬ΪԶԶֵܰ
ʦǻڣҲǽ͡һҡͷ˵ϣ㻽һɡʱ֮򽭳ֽΣ
һ鲻αϵĿУ֮ŨͷЦ֪ףȻһҳȥձһ飡
һֱۣȥһɣɼƮƮЦݺͰһɳ߷緶һʱΥ֣Ǹ˳ȥ


191 Ϳ
ˣȻɽΧšһΪΨһϵһȥò׺ˣлȻ
ɽ֪һǱ̫ϳϸʰˣȻҲûСǰ׺Ͼ֮ɫأЦһ϶㻹Ҫһ𣿽û˾ȵ㣡
ϳϣƶһѽ
ԪӾõһֲϴһֻ̽ŷ˹ϳȲҪ֣æʱֹ
ɽϴżֲ죬üԪӣʵкҪ˵
ԪɫĬĬؿ˱һۣת׳ɽȭ˵ҪһȻҪ˵׺йҲδ֪βԵƬأ
ˣڴʯЪϢԪʱΪԼ˵֮£һԳ˼
ѹһϣΪɵʤ㣬ȴǸߵĴڣһб˷һϷеĹˣҲû˰뵽˴̧򺣴ȥɲǣϣɫţ
͵ͷĴʹ˵ֵˣ
εԵʣϷʲô޴֪һĹ󣬴˼һ´¥ɴ档
Ϊʾȣһֱº
һδǿܣȴֱϸǻʵ
ֻһǿĳԿ֪ԷԼֻÿЦҡҡͷ䲢С
һԭʦźڣôɵģǷĻ˵һ˵ĳԴΪأ
˺ǰУһʶѾõֿѣɳ̲
ԼʮˣδϹ뵺ķòһ˵
۹ɨԶˣһɫгұ˶Ԫ۵ˣ޵һ;ԿžԶΡ;к;ڰǰţ˸ӣ˽뽭ϵͬС
ԪۡҼǵˣǧǰһɰſɽʦҵеĸˡһΪĪʦŴ£ϳ˼һ£Ȼ˵
һԼ࣬вʵȴҲ⡣
ǣϼͬˣҲ֪̤ߣδһҲԵɺϰɣ
ЩȴҲϸ㵽֮Ȼˡ
ֻǣ˵Ԫû䣬벻ĺˡȻɣĳ̫ϳΣ˵ţͣ½ŲЦݡ
ȻףЦĽϲ˵Цһ£ҡͷ˵ԪУأǽ㱾ˣ̫ϳϣҲζΪ֮ɣ
ǶһĻԤϣϷǺһЦ˵ֵǿ˿ĳΪԴ֮жɣЩأԪۼкΪװУܻܲŻȥᴫŸľɣɴӴԪֵۣͬã
һ˼Ц˵̫ϳһգֵܷĳһ棬Ӧĳһأ
Ԫ츣үӣùЩǽʾãһܲӦΪԼΪԪۡ˼ͷ˵л˵޷һģزƴǣ
Ϊؿһ룬˼ǰС
мգһ˿ֶľ֧ĳֵܶģѽ
һһ˵֪Է⡣˵ܼ֮£һԹۣ
Ž߽һһ٣˵Ц̬дݵĲģٲȻһԻĺѣ̲ϵˣ׹Ϳ
ǰǵĮԶ飬˲֮ġɽҲЩĴ⣬һС̬
һôˣڷĽȣҲ˷ɣ԰˼䣬ǽ˵Цһȴ˼Ĳɵģ
ľ˺˴һһ뽭ϲ㴽ţһȻ֮ʱԤ֪һ
һӾ֮ߵ书̫˷˼ˡֻһ·Ҫ̫ϳơ˭֪һ㹤Ź˾˵ЦһͬºľʹһͿ
ʦֵܹȻأԪʦֵܼһæС˵
Ԫ΢ЦСӷǳ˿ɴȵġ±ãϵһлҪأ
ȻΪ֮õģһСһ˵ЦҲ¶ЦݡһӮˣ
ɽЩӲԱɫӣʩ񣺡ʦ塭


192 ϵʦ
ͣ½ŲЦݣϡɽ˵Ǹ׺СȻѰֵ˵飬ʶࡣβֵһԾ֮Ը±ɡĻҵ˼
⡭ɽȻ˺һȴɫһæӦ
һԿЦԭ͸Լһ顣֪Լݺ󣬲Թ𣬷ʾãЩûһģԼǶСġ彭Ϲ˹֣£ֶɽʩһ
ϲãһæȭ˵ĳֹ֡ӣӣΪɫҲʩֹӣɤУһŮӵ
λض񣬳ƺһɣ
һȺǸŲµŮӣһ΢΢ü漴ȭ񣬴˵ɽϣǰӣ֮ͬ꣬λһ·Ǹߵ´֮ػ˾壡ˣȴøˡ
ϵ飬һ˳ˮתͳȥ٣˰ͷ˵Ըߣ洬ͬСԸںƯģڴ˴Դ̤Ϲ̡Ըһ·ͬߣ֪ǰ;Ī⣬
׺ɺޣա˴˲޹Ѱ£˽ϵһƬġǰȥԵעЩλ֮ʱ˵٣
Ҳ׺һʮˣӽֹհɽ𺣣ƾߣǰһȭǸ£Ҳɽ𺣣ƾߣ
˲࣬ȴƲʮ˽ǽٺı뺷֮ڱͷ£֪ϵֹһ֮ҵ֮Ը档
һȴɫһ˰ҪƱȫԼɲԸʵ
ﲻ֮ͬ˰ˣα
һϲæϿҵ˵ӶлһգҵҲ;УøһӿҵһƬģȴ
һһ˵Ҳһ̫ˡ
ֵܣͳȫǰɣڣҲĲ١Ȼ֪;εµӣҲأϺǺһЦʱ˵һ䡣
лӳȫ첻ʧʱس
ϵ֮µģЩԺ⣬һĲǡ֮ϣϳɾӦԡһĬƲƲ죬һЦݡ
ɽΪֵڴ¥ʰһӡֵѣϾ֮ʱ𡣡ϳһ֣תȥ
ɽɫ粻Ҳһȭ˵Ǹ֡
ϳϣǲ⣬ǻһɣ
ռõƣһݣУԵòͬաɽҲ֪һ뽭Ǻεȹϵôƺŵӣһʱѡ
һĻɽĵ׶һɣϲ̫ѿѿЦţЦòÿĿȴ˵⡣
ҾͲˣ¥Ĳշʰ׵ģձס
ͣһͷһǰĳ
ɽŵɨ̲ˣѴϴáһԪʦͽˣؿѪδʵĺ̲þò
Ԫ˱ʦϵһԡѰ˿ʯԪӺһ
İգҲ˺̲ɵæµšǸȺУʱʱĴţһʱЦúܿġ
һתԪӣʵлҪ˵
Ԫƽһһ˵нǲΪƶΪ
һɫ糣Ȼ˵֪׽ʮꡣʦ˵׽ڽУҲǾ׵ľֻǳûศĹʩչеƽƽ
ȻϳʩչĽʴˣʹͬнƶ֪˵زһλˡ˵˴ԪӶ£һͷֽ˵ҽĸˣ֪ƶ䣬֪Ƶˣ֪
Ԫ˵꣬һš
һˣͬԪӣһһٵ˵ʦ
Ȼˣ
ԪӻȻһ㣬ԭؼⲽȻפ㣬ϲĪؿһ
һڴʯϣ΢Цֻ˫ĿУ˸
ԪӴ󲽳һĽǰ˵ʹнʽޱȣҵʱ뵽ǲƵĺˡȻȻ
ʮǰ֮ʱƵǰôн±ȥ˼ʮأ⣬Ҫɽһֱ̽δãδ룬ǵĵӣ˵˵ɺã
Ԫӻδ˵꣬ɫһ䣬̾һһ˵ʦš
һȥеˮƽϢĵļң
ԪʩչԪʱһв²⡣ֻǣԪڽ㣬żʹΪ档ֻǣûԴ̣δʶý裬Ҳʩչʮ֮һʶٽ֮ʩչԪҪϵʶʶҲ֤ʵԼеĲ²⡣
Ԫ¶ˣһͷһů˵
Ԫ̧סһĻɫ˵Ƶʦͽ֮ʵûչɽţҲ˼ҵļӡ꣬һʱ̻壬ֳдھӵݣǶȻĲ˵ġճʮڵǰҲǸӡٳƺΪ֪㡭ܻһʦ𣿡
Ԫվһǰٵϵһѳȣþִٲ
֮ͬڣ򣬶ȺֳסأһȻסԪԴǿУ̹¶ݡ
һɫأԪӱȭ˵һʦ֣
ʦܲض񡣡Ԫ趯ϲԽһ㣬ץסһһڴʯϣŲԶӣҹ
ԪԪһСܹȴ֪¡Ԫ۾һɣȵݼʦ壡


193 Сʦ
һ˵ԪԪʦƷͿˣǲŵʵʦ壿
һʦܣ˵ʦָǺˣԪҪˡ
ⲻֵôԪԴЩʵ
ǹ˼һһԣԪӲ֪кξٶǿ԰סҧ˵ʦңһͬһʦѧգΪʦһΪʦܡĪǣҲʦ˱֣
ǰʦͽ˶죬һ¶˿ЦԪԪƺԼʲô⣬ֻԪӵһ⣬ʵڲ˵ʲô
μʦ壡
ԪֵܶˣԪҧгݵһ˵˴µԭίһ书ǼٵģһʦҲûɶֻǶ˱ȭ֮ʱɫŹ֡
˲ˣ˴ͬƺɣһЦ
ԪҡͷԵ˵֮񲻸ҷϡСʦ壬֪кμ񣡡
Сʦ壬ҲҪ񣡡ԪҲŸ͡
ԪӸ뷢ŭͽˣȴٺ١һ֣վһԲ
ΪЩֻ߸˭һ㲻Կһɫ룬˵޳Ǹʦ塣жòˣǲֵġɣҷʩչĽʮʽʽǽҲãұ㽫аʽԪӡʦ֣תˣΣ
лСʦ壡˴ϲһʩչĽ޾ףƥݴֵöະʦˡ
Ԫ룬Ц۾Գ˷졣ͻȻ뵽ʲôڨڨЦʦܣֻõʽȴǲ֪мСнΪԪòأ
ԪԪ磬Ҳǵɴ۾һ⼴ҪѧĽڴ
ʽǷɽʽһƬ̣˵˳
ԭ˽ԪӻȻ̾һһ׽Узɽʽɼ׽Ĳ֮ˡϵϲɫһʩ񣺡лʦˣ
ͷ˻æµһԪ˵лƵԵʣ޸ң̸Ҳࡣ
ԭԪӴСƹۣʵӣԸΪͽԸ䣬Ѱ书伮Կꡣڶո¶ͷǣðƹϰؼϰһ书
ΪҪиƹۣԱʶ֮ʦֿŹ֮λԪӱԶ׷šû뵽Ƶĵմӣ˵Ķ飬ԪȻһԼˡ
ʦܣƵ𣿡Ԫʵ
һҡͷʦֻѰ޵֮ˡ
ʦǲˣԪӿһ
һҡͷ˵ҲǷӣ֮ˣвͬˣ
вͬر𰡣쵹Ǻ۹⣬ʱס㣬ҲһһʮԪ˵
һЦЦЩʵԹΪΣ
ԪЦǵǰɽǳ𣿵ʱҲڳģһͷʾ⣬˵ұԪˣֱȥɽݼľŵġ;׺ǿıգ飬ҽɽ
ΪҪ׺ڼ䡣ʱ˶ڣί֮£ұӦǡºȴδ硣ʴˣһֱΪ˹ڻ
˾֮ҵңҶŵԡأ֪顣ھǵͷϣ㰵оʾҲֻв²ѡ죬Դ˼Ǻҡ
һʶҲԪЩ⡣
һ㽫ɽ⣬Ǹҹ˵һ顣
ԪӿЦ벻ͷУʹ죡
ںϣƬƬ۰ҫۣУƵ׺һڴ¥֮ϣ󺣵ĺ׳۵סĿԶĿ
ȥ֮Ǹкںڶ鶯У͸벻ɫп
Щ˵ںһߡ磬ȴԶ
ֻͣΦ֮ϣ֮꣬ԶȥʣӰ棬һĳֶĿ⵭Զ
һס
¥㣬һסŵӣסŻõľʦá밲һлϵӻԪʦͽķ䲻࣬ɽռһĵطµϳϺǸ밲סһһ뽭ռᡣ
һķ俿¥ݣϼ㵽¥ϵķ羰Ǳ
¥ƽ̨СΧһȦˣ֮ʱǺõȥ
һվƬ̣뵺Զȥתȴľһ࣬ƲС죬ĿԹޡ


194 д
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һΪƭң
ľȴԹ
˻һЩĪ
һ߾书̫ϳҲмӣȴװһӣƭ𣿡ľдǡ
һǣʵһ᲻书Ϊȥ
Ҧʦֱ޴ʱΪװ֪ģⲻƭ𣿡ľһ˵
ľҪǺһС¡
һֽº«ϣһھƣƳһľ˵Ƕܰܰǻ֣ΪǸҦʦֻܻȥ֮£ǳһӰˣĩ˾ҵĲˡ㻹
һתľɵĵ׶šңګګ㡭ǲԣڳĳӡҾͷŹ㣡
Ǻǣľ˵Ĳֵ̫ˣ밲֪ʱ˹һȡ䴽׳ݺ죬Ŀʣһɫ˵뿡
һƳһۺ빫ӣ΢ЦףǴкתȥ˿ھƣԹԶ
빫ӣ˵ʲôأľü˶Էһۡ
밲Ϊ⣬ȣǺЦиӣҲͷ·ǳˣѾͷ˵۸أ
ӽʲô֣ľʵ
밲۹ƳһıӰ׳ľº͵˵ӣСӣӣľķеһأ
֪֣ľĿɵؿź밲
밲Ǻһ֣ЦϣľĴ˲ɣݼ֮⣡ؼĽҲ
Ǻǣ빫ԣ𣿡ľ밲仰ÿЦʡ
밲һ˵ѵһɴϻۣޥĵŮң˭óġ˭ðҺ밲ǲӦֵܡֵ˵ǲ
빫ӵĻڶУʵ̹ľףڴؿһ
֣ӿɺЩˣһδ밲ӭ¥˹ȥ
־˲¥̨һ԰׵¶Ц⡣
ԭֵܣ˼޴󰭣͸͸
־ϣش˿עһ˵ֵܵ£Ҳţʵ벻
⻹ҪлأһЦ˵
־ҡҡͷ֮̾־ָлأ
¥̨֮Ϸ羰ãȴ˶ӡһ־˵˻Ự¥̨Ǹ׺ʯᣬӰĴǰһ㶣ʵ£
ʯæʩϿһ˿Цݣɣ˵ֹӣܱ֮ŹңԱǲ
ϲһ徲ɣ
һʯȥǽҲû˵ļƣ¡
ʯǣȥһݣȴҴӰг棬򽭳ǰȥ
˲ǰ֨ѽһ򿪣һ߽ţϴЦֵһ𣬿
һֻЦлʢ飬һˣ
һһֻƺֻƱľϡһƣ£ζưһ£ΪһǰľƱϡ
һΣЦضƱ˵
һʶУƱһ⣬ʵǱˮ
ЦЦһٱһˮڣ֮޵þƣ
ϷЦ벻ֵͲȴҲ֮أ
֮ܣϾ֮ʱһڵģһƺΪҲһ룬˵ڲ⣬϶˵ǽеĹ򣬻Ƿأ
ԣһ£漴ȻЦ˵ǴСĪǵûϰ
һЩȻҡͷ˵ʵֻǶһУҽʶͬһˡ
Ͼ̾УûʦЯ̵ССͱΪʵδţֵѣҾһ
б˵ҲдܵĹȴܼԶ޵֮ˣȴʶһߣΪԶɽҲ˽漴ŵһһ
һһ飬֪šУͬһдĺôԱ˴˽֤ȡ̣໥ٽ෨űͬһҶĿ˵ѣķ๤֪便
ϵΪߣʮļʶȴһ·˿Աġ
һаϲ㽫֮еһЩ֮򽭳̡Էʱشڹ֮Ҳ˵Ŀ˴˹ͬ
˵뽭һһǳ֪Էʾã˿Ľһи˵һ˹ͬޣ˵ؽȣֵóƵ


195 ߵ
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һĪĸı䣬ڴϵࡣ
һ˶һ䳨ĴӣҲǰţѵõ徲һԼ
ľ֮ϵһ۾оű飬档ʶһн״
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ѵδʱһǰҲۼ˴ͷһ⡣
һٻвµ˳ȥɽǸõӦǴӽϵӲų˹֣ʵǰǺڣ
ǸõսãʮģͭɫƣֽŴִ˫Ŀ֪һϸȴ֪ý֮˲æȭ˵뵺յ·̣һߵҵȺǰӦߵˡ
⺣;ָƣһЦ
ˬЦֹӹˣ·Ҳζѣ
һ⣬öʮǰ˴ӦɵˡʵҵҪ𣿡
ںѽգȥϲЩʳˮߡ˵ɽɫЩΣһͷŽ´¥ǰſˡ
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տĺˮɫɳ̲ź̲һŸߴľ˺ˮˣǾΪ֮һ񣬻ȸԾ
Ǹɽϵ󣬷ԸذѰЩݲھͽɽȪȡˮרŶˣǧҪ뵺Сߵ֪֮ЩӶԽĻȥ˶٣һӦţɢȥ
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һɴɳ̲ϣڵȣʵ㲻Ͻô˴أ
ЦֹӲҲҺò׳һˣúõļʶһܸĻȥأ
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¼һͶӣʧ£ȥѰĿݲȥˡ
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У˲֮أǲҪĺãһԵĺ뱦˺밲£Ȼܾ
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밲Ҳ˵˵һ뱦Цˣ⺣̲ϾҲףǱߺֵܡ
ǱЩζظЦ㬵ضһۺ뱦뱦Ȼ飬ְź밲䲻ᡣ
밲ͷ죬ΪĹǳԶײ밲Ҳ֪üԹ
ľʦ˵ǵ֮˵߳棬ȵˣ֡ɳ̲ģƯǣϲԽɳ̲ǰѰ١
ɽͽһȺӣˮľͰ֮ѭϪˮȥ
һжʮˣƺƵһ֣漴ûӰ˴ԶЩˡȵԿЩߣԶ룡
ȡЩɽȪˣĪǻʲôΣղɣɽģЩʵ
ǰ棬гǰ֦˵⵺ϣҲΣΣյûֻǣյǰ˴߳࣬вЩ״γ³ⰡȻȡЩȪˮҳЩӴͱɡ
֮ǰ󶼸ҽţҪɢˡȵھвӦɽ˽ԲҴ⣬ȥ
һסҪԽɽ
£ɽһס˽Ų


196 
ĳһ£ͷ֦Ϊأ֮Ѫ죬Źһԡ
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205 
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206 
Ǹײ֪һ⣬ȴһԽԽæҪԭأ߽һԲ򣬱Ҫ
һŲһ٣ʱ˫ʮɣǣü˵˭ҪƾҲ䣡ΪŰ֮ɱδ䣬ԭٿȻʧһɫӰУڿз裬ɲǼ䣬ǰӰһ
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Сʦ壬Ȳ裡ԪЦΪһϱ衣
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ʱ֣ϳȶĿһ⣬ԪӰԼ۹ʦܾһθϲвܵ˰ʶɵеʦܣҲֵˣ


207 ɫ
ǵĳˣױһӵõǡԭڴֱľң̵ԭֵЩˣҲûŻ١
ǣѻҵСǣķֱľҵ˻̻̲գ֮־ǰͷ뵽ģЩԶ˵̹ˡ
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ɫһעһ漴ȻһЦ֣תȥӰɽһĨ°ףӯ


208 ֦
ɲδڴǶҪղܽԶ֮貹ϣֱľҵԵɣڱ㽫һ׼׵
ڶʱ󣬽ǲرԺ˵ȱ߳ǣصϤĺ֮ϡ
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һüں׷ϣȴܲôɶԶԿ
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һȴüͷ˼ȶ˺䤱֮ˣȾеⲻǺ밲𣿡
ˣһմҳ˼ӣҲǺͿĨգҲֻʣдӣɫǱһˣϲۺỨеλֵܿҵģ
ǰȥлṆ̀밲Ѱ°ɣܵ˴˻ģأ
밲δ弾ʵлλֵˣްֻǾ£ЩˮѺöˡһѾѰ֮ˡ
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ҡͷЦ֪һ·ʱһǡ
밲˵֮ʣһʶҵ뱦ǱˡһƬɺԵɽУѪˣƴɱ
뱦ֳһǱǱûбȴһ˫˿ףϮĳ㲻ܣָץĺХ˶Է
뱦֮£ƺһѴһƬ磬г͵ؿڰǱֱϣĽ
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209 뿪孵
뱦ʢնɱ֣ȴǱһס˲ӣһˤԶʽڣּ֣Էָƾһáһ죬гָɡ
ŵź˼뱦ѵȻ
ٲ֣˱ڴ˴ûȥˣ
̧֮䣬赭дزƴĶˣһٴγ롣
뱦Ǳ֪һж¡书ףʱȴ޻֮
뱦ݺݵһ۰Ǳһ󣬱ȭ˵ֹӵģԺƽϣ£˵ֻҼҹ䲻֪
밲ǰ治Զһȥɣ֣һن£תȥ֮ʱƳһ۰Ǳ
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밲ȦЩĿŶˣذڰ֣˵˽԰ãʲôԺ˵ɣ
Ѱ㲻ٵ顣뱦Ǳʰ׵ЪϢƬ̣ظȥ
ͷȵͷ˽Ǻ䤱Ωһظں棬ͷϿһĺˮ
˲¶డʦΪ黯֣ĳѼˣҲãҲգǺ뱦ǱˣԿҲǲֻ͡һƵģȣྶͥԶ
һԭʦźڣ޵˺˵һ书أһҲǳ棬Цʵ
һǰǰ棬˵˵书ֺ̳ͬαԷƱأ
ЦʦŻڣҶͶʦˡ
ǺǣҴȥʦˣȤ
֣˵ɲʦ֪£Ҳһ˵ģ
Ŷ˵Цһ˼ǡ

ϼӳ˺棬˵ĺ𺽡
孵ĺ򶫣ʻ޼ʵĴ
ں밲֮ıʣ˹ʡһķڣࡣƽĵӣǽܴšȵ˸ߣˡʯҲ⣬һȦԪʦͽ·Ļ˽
󣬲շںˬްȡһȴЩꡣϰһ˵徲ѣΪΡ
ԵȭЦˣһţҪҪһαչأ
ʦܣҪܽʦֶǼԺڰƹ㣬߽ʱҲҪԱı¡һеľϣԪַų룬Ȼ˵
ԪԪ磬Цؿϵһ֡
һ쿪˫ȣʦͽЦݣҲЦˡ
ڷ˼һüһԪ˵ǰ˵ƾҵı£һֲѡԪԪ磬ȻԪ۵ĴУûְ
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һתۿԪӣЦЩŹ֡
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ԪԪˣһ˵һͽܣϷԡ֪²ģ˼һӱֵ֣ܲΪĶ
ԪԣһЦԪˣ˵һûʹأȻʦΪ֪Σ
Сʦ壬ҷŶˡԪЩί˵ԪҲƵƵͷ
һЦݣɫ˵ðɣȻʦ˶д⣬ӽԪԪ磬Ԫ۵ļӡ


210 ǰ
һʱԪԪˣԼǿӿ̥ǵĸı䣬ֵϲԽ
ƾΪô̵ʱֱ֣δšмֵ֮࣬ܶ˶һķڷ
ԪҲ𾪲ѣ֪һ;ҪѧҪϵĻԵܵ۷塣ͽܵľ˱仯ɷ֮ľ޴жһΪԲѡ
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һ֣µ˵ԺҲὫɵġоű䡯ԼʩչԪڹķϰ
ȵȣԪһͻȻ廰ҼʩչṦɲ֮ءоű䡯ɽṦȣ֪Ҫ̾Ϊֹֻǣ㲻һӶѡ
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ʦֻ£һʵ
ԪЩȻڨڨЦʦ֣ɵõ˲ٺôˣ֪ʦпԹأ
һѳȻԪӣһ㵲ѡϽ«Էľ豭ǧ𥣬˵ٱҲǸʦְʦܾһ
Ԫǰһӹ豭һʵǡ
һٱʾ⣬һڣ˵ʦʶʼǺǣʦֱΰһܲáʦǿҵݣ⣬ÿһεЯ̻ΪȥҲٵ鷳ǲǵġ
ûʦһԨԴڣͶ֮ң֮һǶЩġοʦڲ֪ʵʱھڣҲидʦ֣㲻볢Һ«еľ룡
һĻԪΪοԼ۹Ϊ԰Էٱʾ⣬豭һڣζ䣣һ֮븹УһƵϢƾѭžߣΪ
þưһھ¶ǣͷǣ֫ٺԳޱȣǺǣԪ޵豭ӱвоƣδ
һʶȴڴʱžԪߣЩʧҡҡͷ˵˾Ҽǧ𥣬ʯݣ溬֮Ȼ䲻֮
֮ʦһ㣿æвоԪ˫۷Ź⣬һľƺ«š
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һҡͷ˵ԪһȦɢû˿ۼ
ȻԪӲڼ֮һҲᣬֻôǳķԡ
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һǰһĨ¹бգ˵Ե£֮伮˵޵ɵɵ伮ȴδгɵ¼еģֻһ;ɵǰ֮˵ʦǳ֮һвδкδˣʱ
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ʦ֣֪ΪԳҲꡣҲֻһڵʿѣ޵ʱͬҪһ֮󣬻ʿ̤д
ҲֻǸո𲽶ѡ֪У̤֮;ߣδһΪڣǧδһ滹ңɼĽ𵤡ԪӤȵȣмѿ֪ЩҲֻǴǰµĵ伮֪һˣΣδ֪
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һЩεĿԪӣ̾ʦͽ˵ڣѲ鿴ˣ֪޷ȻҲĹڣ
ԣԪЩв豭þ̧֮ۿһǣǿЦݶ˼Ρ֪̾ʦԲ飬ʦͽû֮Ȼ쳾ֻأһǡܽʶʦܣȥɵʶһ޺ӣ
԰գԪӹһ֣һľƺ«ΪԼһ׹£תȥ
֪Ǿ΢£ԪӵĽŲЩģӰ˼Ȼ
Ԫȥ֮һأĬȻ
ҡΣƹҲ֮ҡڲһȻԵʱľϲѵȻ޴档Ĺ¼ãȻʱͷÿÿڶ˼Ĭ֮򡣶Ԫį黹ͷӿһĪı
£߻Ϥ顣֮أЩ֮һʧˣֻʱ׼ȻһĸأΪη̤֮;˵ļأһѷ֮һ̤֮ͬ;Ҳ֪ⲻԼһԸˡ
İδ֪·ϣߵԶĹȥҲԶܻͷҪ֪·ľͷʲô
˻һֻһ·ߡ
·뿲ҲԶֻһ·ѣûҲͬˣ˽Ųֻһǰǰûյ㣬ûб˰ȻҪԼһ
ѡˣΩǰжѣ


211 κ
ʱڣʱޱ߲Σӿ
ɵĺ뿪孵պ󣬸ոջΪͷƻп಻ĵǣӭϵһη籩
޴ĺһƬҶľתǧɵĹȵס㸲Īˣװϵĵǣѽ˨һ㱻뾪κСˣ籩ĺХ뺣ײУʱǵľ
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緫˳Уˮþ͸ѳŴ治иƳգһޱ޼ʵĺǧɽӿ𣬻ںǰ
ѱ˴ϣɽˣס𺧣СģѸûСֻزɽһľѹ˲䱻ˮû˵˵ľĶ֨ѽʱΪһ塪
ѸϾ֮ʱֱͷг档
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װ˽סϢŵصɴ۾
ڲܲ˵һҿ֮£ƵĺȻһ漴𡣲˽кãغ˹ȵף޴ĳȻΣ֮ʣֻ׿иֵ֫裬סһæӲסš
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վڽߵһҲץסˣź˾޴ĳһ̣һƬڣź꺧ҪӴˡ

Ϣãֻһ˲ƺ棬ƿ㺣ˮԾȻ棬ûüңһʧ
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Լ³֮һ٣һֽæһĹĺ¶ӡ
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ףôܸĴʯͷأοʯСɽҲˡۼʯһҪҪԾʯϣ˭֪ͻ𡪡
಻ԶǿʯȻһͷѿһ϶̶һŴ죬²һӴСˮ˳ӿȥһҲ˳źˮȥ
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ʱӦǰյգͬīȾż˺ܲĲ񷣬ڵĺӳճһƬƬҫ۵ףѷָͬء
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֪ȥ˶ã˽ȴܵļ尾ֻһֱǰҪͣôһֱǰ

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װϣžƣߵĵӡУЩµĻڵصĵӣҲһɫƵ˳ѧŻõһ㣬̱˼װϡ
ÿ˵ϣǽٺĸпֻмһЩˣɽװϣЩήҲͬš
Ԫʦͽɫûʲô쳣ֻɫƣ˼һǰԪҪ˵һǰض񣬱뽭Ϲ֣ԻЪϢ
ʱĵȫĳ֣һһҲеˡصУ־󷨣ϣóһʯɵϢ

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216 
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밲¶ʧһ鲻αùԷеľ̳͹һڣ̾Ҳֵ֪Բɴȥ֪֮ңҰ֮أѰõҩʱط̣գǻϷŹأ
밲˵ţǹһھƣǺˮʪ½۾Ҳ
ĬĬź밲ãһȥ֮ʱͣ½Ų˵ﳤ˷ֺαؾһһأµͷδ֪ЩˣδرһУ
һһ仰Űǰȥ֪Ȱο밲ЩԼҲ¶밲ֳҲǺ̩۵ĻȨѹ̣밲ѺֳȨ
밲в£֪ΪִΪ֮Ϊǡ֪Ѫȷ磬һȻ¶Ʋ
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218 
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Ӻ̲ϳ֣ɫһһһܵɽѰһɾط󷨣óһö
һԽϵĶʮֵĺ棬һΡϼ󷽣˽óһöһԼ֪ɽһЩ飬¼ڣһ
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вʿΪĲַţһǰ֪ٵޡħޡ޵ȵȵĸʦԪ˵ӼǣԴһԵ֪Ժ󣬶̤ϴʱ˫һĨڵ鷳
һС𽭳Ķƴһŷֽ滭ι״ķΡЩİ
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ֻǣֱ˵ķֽһҲΪĲ򵥡Ϊϲƣһǲᡣ
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һĻﲻȴͭӾ죬ÿ˵ͷ˳˼˻ΣҲΪȻ
ֻǣһɫ̧ƳԶĺˣĿ⵭Զ˲Щʲô
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219 
Ļ䣬һȻת
ԭҦִĺӣʮͣüۣɫ㣬ԱĻû˿Ĳ죬ֻǱȭӦֳ̧һѪ֣һƺ߹ɳ̲ѪܣһضϱۻȻ¡
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һֹȻݣƿԣ׵ҦӣɫҲЩף
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ֳԣһ֪жѡӽĶϱҪ½ϣҪӽйֲͬҪϣϸСѪҲҪһһӡԽӺĹ⣬һʱҲһȥҪʶάϵϱ۴Ѫͨ
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Ҳ֪أЩӣЩЧ
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ԵӴ飬ȴҲʵΡ£òϳɾҲ£һַȻĻ׺һһıӻԺҪǰԴ
С̲Գɴ£һõҲŵµ˽ܡϴӣ޻˵ͬʱҲһΡ
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̧ڻ˯ĺӽһ켰ʱΪιЩҩֹرշţ󷨣һ˾ϢķѵҪչؼˡ
պ޲ϵĺ뿪ǸĻĵʻ̲Ĵ󺣣˳ˣ¶ǰС
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ﷳ꣬ɴڼװϺţκ紵ͷɹһ̧ͷͣһ̳ܣ羰续ĺߡ
˿ڴϱߣþԶڴš


220 չ
ͷͷ֪ʱòңϵķ磬Ҳսˬ
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㲻ңľƤһЦ
밲ɫһڰ֣Գ˵һ֮ˣﻹмңӴİˣ
ľĿһЦ̵үǺεѽαأԸˣˣ
ľһүȡЦԸвףһ䡣
Ǻǣ޷ģƣ˵˵Ц𣡡ľֱΪȻЦ
֮£Žľһѣ¥̨ϴŮҵЦ
밲Դ˲Ϊ裬ЦǺǵؿǰѵõķ羰⣬Ҳһȥ·أһֵܾͺˣΪпĿͷȥ
ʱĴͷվˣǰԪʦͽӲշƣ±ڴߡ
ʦʱߵͷԪЩͷ̲סԱԹ
ԪɫֺһЩһԿָͷ˵һ㰡ⶼѮ˰ɡ뿪ɵľɽҵСˣںôƯţҲˡ˵ʦϾͲļ𣿡
ʦ˵ĲдأƬضˮģһˮһ㣬үҲ߲ȥˣԪ֣һĽ겻ҲϸǰǸ˵ʿˣ
Ԫӱ˫֣ޱź棬Ժ͵תƨСӵĶȥˣΪ޵֮ˣⲻһ𣬼˺½أͲסҲǽеˣҪиֵķ緶Ա֣ϵ档Ųҽ˵Сʦţ
ٺ٣ʦϱҲôһ˵𣡡
ֵǸʦ˵أòͷСʦģ
԰ʦСʦͻСأôܳסأ
ǰСʦڷУһûôˣ˯ɣ
ԪЦĸԪ˵ЦģͷȴǲƵһͷϡ
ԪЩŭ䲻سСʦĸˡΪʦ붨Ҳǳ£˵СʦɵˡУɵ֮˴붨ʮֻǵУҲ֮Ϊߣ붨ʮҲδ֪أ
ͽܹԾԪŭɫԻ˵µ书ΪղԲҲ޷Ұƹббٹ֮ˮײմҲемɵıٹȣСʦ㣬ʮȻ㡣
˵ţԪ̲ס״һ۴¥ҲδһȴǼŶԷͽԵ˯
뵽˴Ԫһ۾һɣСʦŶͰȻ˺˵ΪȻиÿ޲ꡡСӣȴգ
ԪʦˣæЦ˵ֵܶԲиʦϻ𣿲Сʦɵ֮ˣȻǷ̥ɱȡҲ̤ɵ֮;
Ԫ绹ͣȴԪɫһ䣬ŵæԪ
Ϊ˲֪жұ֮ɣ
Ԫæɫʦ̻壡
֪ͽܵıԣԪӲٳǰ̾һ˻һиԵĻ֪㳣֡ɵ˿ޣǴԵ߲Ϊ֮ƣ֮Ҳ֮Ҳ֮Ҳ쾭ͨѧ֮¿ڣֺαԷƱأ

ˣΪֹƯп֮ʱһȴ㲻ţһУִ˲ƣ
һУһֻǳζǴǰȻѱ֪гԣʱ⣬޹˼ɣר
һ뿪˶ʱʱԸлķĹͷʯҩԲȱóûһΪҲΪԺǿһЩı¡
ӽϴ֪ĲȫʿһǿһжթһΣڡҲһЩ罭ϵΪߵʿΪҪԶĵһԵʡ
֪Ϊϲȥ䱻裬Ұȥ׼ȥһɡ˻ܱӻ˹ΪףΪţҲΪ֮һеķӡ
һǲ롣Ҫ·ߵøԶҪٱǧȥϵĳԽԼƣڣԶձͣ°ĽŲȻܷ
һ˫Ŀ΢أֽӡϡһɫ裬̺ǵһİͷٻ㴦˫ˮ״ڡ
ֹƬ̣һ𣬻۾
һµĿ֮£ķʯʱһľӯԾԾΪڵͻƵĹؿڡ
̯ƣһгһƿǽľ
룬һʶ˲ϲ
ҪҪԾĹЧأȻΪͻڼףͻƵ߲Ϊ֪Ҫʱ˵ΪߣҲǿҡƾеʯҪǿΪǺѡҩһ;Ҳвɻȱһӡ
ƿеһҩĴָСɫҩͨԲɢ˵ǿҵ
һشеĵҩһ㵭Ĺâڵʱʱ֡
ǾˣΪĵҩԪµĵҩһģһԴϸеıֵҩڴļΪ֣ʿ޲䴹ߣ֮졣һֵƣȻ˶ġ
𽭳ʱĲᣬһҡҡͷǾΪǷ¶Էһˡ
˼һϢƬ̣еĵҩҩζһ븹ɲǼ䣬ΪϤһ𵱳ϾʱˣһæĿ뾲һӡ
ҩ븹󣬲δڣǻת漴ǿӵҩӿ˲뾭תֻ㼯С
ҩе糱ˮһһһ˸߹һˣһ֫ٺ
һʱ󣬵ҩڲϵͼƵھתΪͻƻδ
ʱ󣬵ҩڣҩееһüͷ΢壬۾Ҳץƿﵹһҩ
һȥˣڶս˷ڣϵһȻֻ¶Ц⡣
ĹЧǰһͻΪδչķתϢֽ뾲һС
ֹգеһ˿˵УһĨ߲֡Ϊյĳȶ


221 ߲
ÿΪԣѵõջ񣬽ԻΪһ޾ã
Ԫķ߲󣬲ܵһѧһ߲ΪСԻ˳硣Ĺ죬ʵҲǴѧԽϵǸͬʶ֮ʶ֮ܿҲͬԺ󣬷紵ݶ죬֮С
߲Ϊ콣ܽɽһγһССġŽ󡱡һѷɽѲ֣֪ܣԲСֻǽƣɽúѷΪ¡Ϊ󣬲չֳʮɵĽԵ֮ʱ⧲֮£ͻȻһѷɽѷҲ䲻⹥ޱ֮£һʤ㡣
֮£һʶȫȥĺôΪʶҲеԴɱ
һϰ࣬ɵбʶ֮Ǳ뵽ķ֮£Ҫȱ˿ĸԶʶĲٿأͬʿҲΪǿ
ʮ﷽ԲڣһƬˮһҡҡͷںϣʶǵǧҲͷջʶʱȴϣˮڷ裡
ףһ֮£Ȼ뵽ʲô󷨣˳ȥ
Ȼһո߳ţΦ֮ϣ໴У½أǰ½ء
϶ʱը˹Ƶģÿ˶æӿϼװ壬ǰ漴ϲҿˣҿ½ˡ
кøĺԶһƬʵ½أƽ棬ڱ̲һˡ
һԶһ̧ۣͷеͷ϶С
ʱҲ߳ţһǺЦֵѷɸʤգһչأջСɣ
ϰãǺǣһ彭ϱȭһЦǫѷ˵ô˵ҲǰҪָ̲ǣ
ַ룬һǰĿ¶͵´һ΢΢ףΪп˵˵ֻͣǸްˡΪ˵͵ˡ֮νΪȣҺһֵҲãֵҲգͬеһЩѰνԺ˴ı֪ˡʴˣ㲻ǫףϷͬĪǡ
һȭʩһ˵ҩ֮ΪдﻹҪлϵҩ֮ˣ
ϺһŵĿһЦããǵΪϷҪһǰˣ
ȡЦˣ̷ҩķһµĹ򣬲ſͻƶѣһ˵
עһ˼˵ȥ꣬ɽʱϷ֪ͬĸ˵û뵽ίСͬһڡɼҵԵֲǳϧúõ۵ȻΪչĸŶϷ档˴һת˵Ϸһʣֵ֪ѿɷԸأ
һЦЦ͵ĽϣصҲʿγƺϱϾеǰ˼лֱ˵ǣ
üһչЦǺǵͷ˵ǺãһֵѣǴа;Уǳ⣬ܷҵһݱ棬տһЩӣ
ϵĻһ£˼һᣬЩɵʵϺγأο֮ܣԱв֪Σܹ˵أ
һܣϲ⣬Цŵŵδزŵ֮ˣţֻһŻ˵˻
һֱһַ룬ɫЩεĿŴ¥ˣ˵Ҳֻһ˵ѡʹˣıһЩ㲻طϣ
һĬȻĵͷ֮£ǲ벻ֻǰ;δŵʲôЩҲֻһһ
ɽ뽹ϴ¥˷ֱ뽭ϼ
ɽһʱɫЩΣδһԶʽǵʲôطҲ϶ȥ֪Ƿأ
ϵƣ˵˵ںԲȴǱˡ＾ֹԲҵ϶ȥǰǺ𣿺ͼûбעֻ쫷磬ƫԭеĺҲֻ˳ǰˡµķӦ̫Զ
ǰҪ𣿡һʵ
ͷһ۽ɽ˲⣬Ž˵ںƯһ£ʳˮʣ޼ϰһЩӣˮҲҪϰһ
ϳ뽹ҪԽ˵һһ԰£رܣѭ¥ȥ
˼һΪϲ׷ǰʺ򣡶ӽĶϱ㲻ڱķнָܶ£ȬҲ˵
׺˺һһװ塣ҲЦк΢Цʾ⣬ݡ
Сʦ壡
ϱߣԪԪһԪ󣬳һЦʩһһЦŵͷԪңңȭ˵ʦ֣Ϊβ¥̨֮ϣﲻǷ𣿡
Ԫ룬´һǺһ֣ٺãҲʦݿף
ԪٺЦʦ˵ϴľˣǼװЩ
ʵ¥̨ϸ֣ʦʦܲˣŵװϵģԪΨһţ¥̨ƲƲ졣
ԪĻһŤͷȥԭǺ밲ľˣ¥̸̨֮ЦģȴǲԼͬҲһ
Ϲ˵ʲôأҽͷԪӳͽܺһһϣ˵ӣʦ˵˵չˣ

ϼ̰źʱ̤Ѿõ½ءֻ۴ǹͺͺĻҺɫĽʯ𣬾ȻһľǲݸҲһƬΪ
ǽЦںƯѾãһ½֮ʱ־ϲҲ䳱ĺˮ㣬ѸĴÿ˵ͷȥ
һ̲ͷ龰ҲãȻʲôطںƯѾõĽʹƫԭĺҲѲסʶ
źͷϵ飬絶̰ϣڲסĵ׵һ˫˷˪۾ƬƧİ½أɫ
ʮ꣬ʱɣΪ˻õһӡдں⣬ʮķ꣬Ѿ˷ˡ
ϣʮǰԶĵĵУΨһһˡְΪв޿ྡϲãбøΪ
һƯںϣĽûȻһǣ޹ҡֻǳƮںϣö֮Ƽľ޶Щˡ
һܻصԼСɽȥصԼļȥÿ̤ܽʵص˯Ⱦլǰ£̫¡
ֻǣдͬСɣЩϻƣǲˣǲˣҪҲزȥˡһЩĵвΣзŲƥһƮããĺϡԶֻǼǰǿҲ


222 ̽
ݲϣȴȻ׳󲽣ڰϵĽʯϣݺݲ˼£оĵ׶ʵһЩˣǲ̾ôôƬݲĵطϳԵġȵĽʣ޼ôǰУɴôãں½رѲסòôطܸأ
ŴֲڵĶףԳ˼ȴһ˹
оϣָأ
һ֣޽ǵ˵û뵽ϻôĲë֮ءڰߣҼͷӦһ󵺡뽭ϳһ£̽һз֡Ȼʹȥʵвʰ
һ뽹һ£Էôһ˵ͬ
ʱ׺̶󣬱˷Ϊ·Ű̽ȥպ·Ϻ󣬱㴩أ˳·̽麣ĸءպԻϣ԰ԭ·ء
һ̽飬ɽѰżӣں̲ͷ鿴źΪӦ
밲ҲҪȥһΪɾܾǳˡ
ɫȴæµ֬ɵĻȼ𣬴ŲĸˮңŰߣʧĺɫС
Ҳֲ˴æںÿеķ裬ò׿󣬵ϵĻ˸еʧʳˮΣ̽һҵһЩԵĺȵģܰЪϢ
һȥ¿ȴƲ³⣬ЩַĲ£ֻŴһǰС
һҹɫʣѵȴǰյͨµ·С
ź̲һһǰУ׺ĵǰ棬һˡ
׺һһʮˣټԪʦͽһйʮˡһڿռŶĺ̲ϣ˵Ц
˵֪жܲϸأ˵أֹӣΪأһһС
ֻҪ±ã˵ں̲ϣʶȴʮ﷽Բڲ鿴šʣһӦ
ԪҲ˵ǸӣȴҲ֮١ôˣ˳Ժȣ޷ںԶеģԸջ񣡡
ԲҲҲԺȵĶɾ鷳ˡһ·ϣϷˣ˦󲽣ǺЦ
ڰߣҹɫĿܼԶҪҪԶ뺣̲أԪ˵
Ӧ˵ԼǣߣҲֻܹ˵Ͻ£Զȴ޷ʶǴˮԴ̵ĵطǰûڣ
֮Ҷܲ·ǣһ²ͣοˡ
ԣֵҶˣֹĸ˸ˣĻһЦ
ںϱƾˣҹߣҲ°Ȼ˵˵ЦЦǰ·
ǰʱ죬ǰû·ˣǽʯȮ¹֣סǰеȥ·
һͱڱߣ¡¡׶˵ҪʹЩʯԽʯܼǰСе˴ҲˣڴЪϢٸ·
˵룬һĻñԪҲֻͬǰݲҲһֻ˻صɳ̲Ϩ˻ѣɫΧһЪϢ
һȴû£ǶԱԪӽһΣʧɫС
СʦȥʲôĪҪȥѰڣҲòҵرԪ಻۵˵ҲһӰתӡ
Ԫҡͷ˵ʦִԲӣСʦ֣ǽҲǿвǲģҵ׸в鿴һ
λʦֵǺøôһλʦأɫ£Žɤ𣬵Ʈһ˵¡
ҹɫԪƤһȣҲƼȴֻڨڨЦţӦ
˵һŮӣֺαˮأȥ֪ʱܻתأͽܷԪӲ
³ĬƬ̣˵Ƕֻ˵Ͻɣȴ֪ϽΪȴǼ˾Щ˾Ī⣬˾幩ҲҪϢֻ˾ʩչеĽҲ֡˵˼˾޹ȴҲֻ
̾һ£˵ļ˾ֶΣұɵҲϽˣĴߣʶǡȥѰɣⲻͽűүӵĻŴ
ɵҲŵġһ뽭ϣҲˡ⴬Ҳ²ȥˣںʱתλͬڣһСŮӻʲôĵأ
㲻Ͻʲô˰ɣԪӺʲô׷һ䡣
˶ŮӼɵ֮࣬Ҳк档οһŮ˵ܺñһүϹǿǣĬ£ġ
Щ㵵ĿԪӣ벻ϵʿʳЩ룬֪̾ȥأҲûʲôģȻʣ˵˱ǣ
̾һ²Žſڵ˾̰ɫҪ檡ҲʣץסҵвӦӡɲ˾Ըֻ˳ȥǼ˾߳ŭ֮£ɱҵҲֻܱȴĵˣԶϽֻǣھɽʱ˱һɱʱ֪ɵ˾ͺˣܱô𣬱ΪֹţҲĵġ
ʱһ뿪˲ԶһӰһ١ʶδ뿪ɳ̲ϵˣȻҲµĻ
벻òġ˻˵Ůӣôһ¡˵±̤ȥ֮;ҲΡΪһŮӣΪף
һУһʯչʶǰȥϱ鲼Բ״ĺֺɫĴʯԶԶȥһһ飬һƬһƬߵΪ졣ʮ﷽Բڣˡ
⵺ϹݲˣˣΧźתôһȦҲðװĲĸ뵭ˮ˵òԼ뽭ϵ޷ЩӳŲ˼յġ
ֻҵˮѰڣʱΪϵ˲һЩԺ֮ԱһЩ̡һɲİĵϰװ׵ʱգԳ̽Եɡ
ʶ֮һƬߣһҲ룬׳ɴ˰Уǰȥ
ʱ󣬺ĴȻƬϵĻĵһķԲһɸߵͺɽڵͺɽĶǸ޴Ļڣ֡Ķ϶ˣһƬͱڣֻЩͱܣľ
ںϷһȦδԵĿ˸ţһ£ǵߵͺɽȥ
ɽϷʱɽڵİƮһСĵͣ߸ɽϷһﴦʶѭɽĻڣ̽ȥ


223 Ѩ
ɽĻ﷽Բ¶뵶ʶһ޴ӡɽɣӾףͣҲխ
ʶ̽ӵľͷһҲʶдںڵ棬лȼʱ̡
һ˰У治纣ϵĻˮ㣬ҲҽɣˣѰʲôʳˮ뿪˵ΪáвʣɽϿһЩ
ʶľͷƣҽӿļ󡣶ӿУɼǵ⣬ڿӱ֮ϣһеһΪϤĲ
浹Щ죬ֻ»̽ĺʱһɽͣƬ̺󣬱ֱϷȥһĹ˺ϵƬͱ֮
һȤǣƬ뵺طͬһʮ﷽Բͱʯ֣ٴ󺣣ӰȥİƱжһ㡣
֮£һƣʶ֮Ȼһϲ
һϲǣĵ϶˵ƬطһȻĶѨӵһʮСķԲڡ
ѨϷľڱΣľʢС޵ӰٿȻţ˰档
ӿ£һһѨߡʯ϶У֦֦ѣʮɴĶڷס˴롣
һʶѭŶ죬ȻѨʮɸߣ˴ӣٲȻǺϻɽ£츣̾ѣ
ʶʯвһǿĺۼֻȴһɫùŹ
Ƭ̣һδ붴Ѩһ̽ǳƣɵ˰ա´һ򺣵߷ȥ
ɽҹʱ֣ҲѰ˴̲ҹޡʮ˶ɳ̲ϣһΪɵıҵЩˡδ£Ǵȥ
µӣ˰޺󣬶İĺûףóȻǰССΪϣ˯һ˵ɽոɳ̲µϢȴͻȻһŵһǵΧĵӲ֪롣
̧ͷӰһȴɽ֮ǴϲһУΪλԼĸӰҲ˱ںвɣϲȻһϢ
һ󣬲£ʧҹСصĺ̲ʱҹ
Ϣ䵽˺̲ϣһδˣϢ
߲Ϊһʩչɴ࣬ںرʱģȴе̫ƣ
ʦʱģԪȷ˲ԶһǱԪֵܡڽԱѣ׷Χ˹
һ㽫ϴ˵һ£˽ԶԴ˴еܡ
ԪӺǺЦʦܣģҵ˯һ̽˵һСֵҹδ˯Ҳûܷأ
ֹҵȷ֮˿ɱȵģЦ
Ԫչ˵⺣ôҵһȦҲҪĹаСʦȴʱܱȫϳһССʦĪĻɲɣ
˭˵Сʦ岻ɣûõ˵𣿡ԪһԲ廰
ԪཫԪһƿڨڨЦ죬˭֪СʦһȦҵҪܶȣǺǣ
һȴЦЦԪУһ
һѾõֵܣɵˣ˭ֹˮأ
ѷ˼򵥳Ժϣʰ׵·
һǷǰɽѭźƵС书֮ˣ·ɿ죬һ磬ͣЪϢ˽Ÿ·
ַһƬɽǰƶȻһȻǴһʮɸߵ¡ҲңóһͷҸʯͷ˨ˣһͷȥ
ʱܿ书ߵ͵Ĳͬˣ׺ĵһ˳ȥʯҲ£ԪʦͽȴֽŲãͱڷ϶͹ʯʩչṦ洫ĺȲһҲŪѧżģ䵽ɳ̲ϡ
ǰƬɳ̲֮ͬտĺˮҲǸǵͱڡͱڵķ϶пɼľкͣܡ
ܣǰ˰ʱҲͱ˲ԶӲʯϾȻһȻľ޴ĶѨΪһƬһͷȥ
һͣ½Ųǰۣ޲죡
ֹӣ˵ıǴ˴ˣɴ۾ʵһͷɵҡͷ̾벻Ļĵ֮ϣ˹񹤰ڣǱж찡
ǲ֪ϳϵ˵ûУҵҪҪнȥ鿴һأԪźǰһᣬ׿һ
һ˵ĿⶼԼ룬˵ϳϵ˴·ҪһЩǴѾˣҲнЩѨСҵҲȥɣأ
ЩȲ㰤Ķڣȥ
߽ڣչǰģһ쾮ʮɸߵʯӵһһƬ޴ͷĶۡ
Ÿߴľƣ֦Ҷ涡ҲǿݲݱأһһصҰʢ쾮˵ķ϶д͸£ƬƬӳĶѨĿѣ룡
˵۾ЩʹģĴİһСһŲƣ¾Ƭص¼šĲľǵסȥ·׺ӳǰ档
ߡ
һ쵵Ļһ֦ϣ˾˻˻Увˡ
𣿺ôĸͷ
һôŨӰУһʮֻг߳𣬵֦ϣһֻС۾ëȻ
ԽߣԽС
˰ʱǰˮȣ˾ϲ֮£ѭˮӿ˽Ųһֹȴǳ£ȥ
·ĵӽŲͣɫĻͬ顣˴ӵȥżǰ澹һСǰ첻֪ȥ
ſǰӣСǰϸϸ鿴һվĿ¶ϲá
ԪӼ״Ҳȥ£漴Цǿʲô
ۡ·˲ȳģݸʵۺۡ˴˾סҵȲаЦ
˭֪ЦδֹһĹ𣬲˾һһ֦ץУüһȵ˭
ֻԶһСɵӰһμš
󵨣ҰϷ򣡡첪Ȼŭ֮£顣ľʵļϣǹʵļأڵϵĶϳɼصļªһ㶡
ǡ
ͻ͵ϮһȴֱϷļظŪĺͿȴҲиһѭ·ǰСѰ
ʦܣûʲôװɣԪʵһĬĸں棬ɫҲֺĻţǰһ޶ð㣬ɵΪ֮档
һҡͷ˵ʦֲض룬µģ
Ԫӿһ޵Ц⣬ʦַ֪ܰʲô
Сڲݴʱʱ֣ǰ˲Զٴͣ˽Ų֮£


224 ݵ
СľͷһƬĹȵأϱϸֵľľȱȽǡֻЩľϣмʮ֦ɵСݣڰҡš
ЩǧһСУӰû
ľ£һ֪ӺζɽϪ̶̶վżʮ߰ȵˡ
ȺУߵɽһС˿ŹģЩİСˣһɫڣ塣
Ԫһ飬ɽ˴к΢תҡͷɺͳ
ҲǺ޺޶㣬ѷһĨϼ졣
һǿڴľݣһĺ档ҹѲ˴˴˼̽һȴЩ·һ˻һЩŮҲǼһƣֻ˽һСƬڵ֮£еΪѿֻǺڶ࣬ôС֡
һЩĵƤЩŲɡʹЩʶµһЩӣԸвʹ󣬱ű˹ȥȻ˼ҳΪ飬ΪߣףҲȥһΡ
Ϻ󣬲֪ɽҹϵ˴˴ھͬһʺ󣬵ǴЩ֪˲ٶ
˵Ϊݡǧǰϵľ죬Ҳܡ
ĪһգͻȻزߵɽ塪ɽȻѿĻŨ̡ͬˮһݵڻ˵ϵľʯߵȺ뷿ᡣ
ݵǳлˡֻǵĶ϶ˣƬȻĶѨδҽûʹһЩˣԴ
ǳУݵϻ˲ࡣеĲ͵еı·ĺ°Ϊū˲߳ƬѨӡǧҴģ⼸ʮ˰ˡٹʮ꣬ϰ꣬ЩҲʣ޼ֱ
Щ˳ʼҲǵءɽ󣬲֪˲޶⣬Щ˲ű˳ֻǶѨеˮʳȴؽóԺȲˣԸΡ
Щݵ곣кϷ˸еȥǰ;
Щݵ֮ˣճҰ֮£ֻڵ˴ѰùժһԴСĹӣҿһϸ壬ʳ֮ζȴܳ伢
˴棬ɽԪӵ˵˼ЪϢ󣬳緵ء
һǺһƬУ봩ϳʱ·Ҫ࣬˽һͬԭ·ؼɡ
Сպǰѽˮҹȴǿժ˵һصĹӷ˳ԴСԲģ治Яⶫڹؼʱܵ伢֮ϧ
һǲŲʣۼҪ뿪˵ˣҲװˡ˹ȥһУϵĹӶʱûӰϲԪź棬ֱСʦǬ
±ˮҵĵӣ۰Ͱ͵ĿһòǬˮҡǸһõǬװǵ˾֮࣬һЦտ
Щݵ֮˹࣬Ҫ뿪ѰһƬΪĵطֻЩ˾ǹ룬ʾԴǰУҲ˶ġ̾һ˱뿪˸еСأ̤Ϸ·һȴǶһ뿪ˡ

뿪˺һ̤ƣֱɽȥ
ڿУһǰֵɽǰһƣɽĻԡ
Ʒӿһ°Ǻ˱ϢѬҲǼΪĲһҴ⣬ӿ֣룬óҧҧ׵ӣһݣȥ
ҽѹǧ꣬ɽлϮˣֻ壬һǲյصġʩչҶ㣬Ʈȥ
ʱһһʯڴȥУӲʯУһ٣ץ˫ն
ʶ̽һһҹ㣬仯һܹڣû֮ǲóȻ£漴һƬƳĽ¡
ʯгһȥÿͣһ£С޴Ȼڴ˴û˾Լȥ
ֻǣ£Ǹűɴ뻤֣һҲܸܵ
һСĽǧɴĽʶ̽ȥ
˴ɽĻһ﷽ԲСһʮɴСĶڣһʶȻ̽ͷһƬ˷ڣǣ̺ܣʱӿһļ¡
̧ȥ޴ĻڱС࣬ʱԼͬԨס룬һټ䣬Ŀ⾼ȥǵֲľӨʯͷǰƬĵ£ʮֵĿʯͷϤ˴⡣
¶ϲɫһƣһʯͷḧȥʯͷ̡
һһɰĻѸʯͷӿһֱۡ
ʯ벻ڴ˴Ѱʯһ˵Ǳ֮ƣܷŹе߾֮
ϲ֮£һָץȥұڼӲ쳣ʯ˿еָⶼЩʹд졣һʯͷѰұȴ𴦵ʯ졣
һɴóڶĲһᣬһСȭͷɫʯ˳ʯõʯͬҲǳɵİ׶Ҳ֪ʯ֮֡
ⶴʯͷӦǻʯ̺ˣһϵЩʯҪǿֹϵЩСһµʯɫףɫƣǱɫģǰʯȡ
ľˮӦư׺ڣиǲͬʯҲͬһûЩʯãֲ
ʲôʯйЧЩһŲ֪֮ʯһ
һ󣬽ű˵ڶ飬ͼһɵĴһάűɴգһߴ߶ӲұڣͷҲܲһ˽ʱĿʯѹһպδԾԾԣаɣ
һԳҡҡͷ̲ʿɶֹɡԼµΪ˼ɵĵزƣС򰲡
һɽɽİУȻɳһƬƣЦݵһһջСȴ˵öʮСȵʯ⣬Ϻʯظǲ
֮£˲ЪϢһ̤ƣطȥ


225 Σ
صϣһ˽ϣ˴˿һ㽫˵һֵ˼װϵ˹ˮңеǷּ䱾ŶԻط
˾һգڶʱ֣һˬ߳ţҹ
ɽԪӵδһЩںߴںƯˣӶڴ˵
һЩڸתգһһ齸ʯ£һ˸к
һͷ£һԣ̸
˵Ϸȥ̵ĺһŵˡ
˱ãֹӴЩˮʳӦܶԸżգЩǰ黺ࡣ
˪ĵȴܺĽһЦ˵ʮǰȥһδģʲôϡļţ˵
Ǻǣʲô˵İǾһĹǺһЦ⿴˿˿ϵĴصĶףǻζʲô
ܴӽõָ㣬Щʶ󣬵Σ֮ʱҲ̫æҰһ룬ڴŽ˵Щʲô
һһͷ˵δѣı󶯣ֹᣬֲʶҲǳ˿ɱȡ뽭϶ˣͬϵѹʯغ˳񣬵ǽĳ˥֮⣬İ
Ͼ곤ʶôСӿɱȵġнƶ棬⺣ŸԶ򰡣һֿĻ
书˵⺣дڵûܼҵļʶϵǺЦϷѲ⣬ƾСĽǲҪ÷뺣ı仯Ҫʶǳú򣬵ȵȡˣдҪֵϴ뽭϶Σͷֻ֣ҵѳߺ׶ʱˡ
У;Сٵ죬ÿһοգ˭Ҳ֪кԤ֮鷢⻹ʲôĵĺУлһЩδŵĺǺϵķҲϡŹ֣˹ֵ֮²һСıǻһЩɵǿе˴١
һʵԵɵˣΪβһ֤ο뷲أ
еЩʧԣǺЦţһ⣬Ž˵ɵҲһΪߵ֮֡ΪȻм뷲һʶЩ˵ΪߣԸɵһ;Ҳв֮Щѹ׵ЩΪٵͣڷҲǸ߸ϵĴڣ
һȻ飡
˼ɣǺһЦַŶ׳Ĭ
ɵҲˣ֮ҲδضǾǺˣݬ밡һаĥʱľ밲˹
ֵܣ˵ЪϢˣҵҲšΣл˳𣿡밲ŷǰ棬Ц͵˵
һرܣͷ˵һкðɣ
һϳϵΪλӰĪʲôʣˣľ˫֣żɳ̲ϲȥԴһĺɡ
밲뽹кľд̣ȴò廰ֻڨڨĿŶˡ뱦ǱԶЩǸ뿿һ
ˣһһƲ˵㵹ǽ˾룬һûеĲɣ
ľҲһ˫ָɫ˵ϳϲʦͬУߣ˭֪ʲô⣬˶δ¶棬ƫƫܻˣ˵꣬°Ҳˣ϶һʲôƵġ
һ£밲ֲľΪˣѵϳûͬжԹҲҪйͷϣ
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ľ棬һǸ顣
ֻҪľۣһһʶЦ£˵ܵõȷʵ˴۽ľۣ㲻ȥϧˣ
Ҷ£㣿ľָԼǣŵطһ䡣
һгɼҲκβ㡣ҵķִ磬¶ɣһҡҡͷ༥
Ҳǡֻ룬·ϼţɡľһ룬ɫ糺죬Ȧˮתһ˵ĻʱһģΪҲȴеһί
ľˬֱڿ죡ֵܸǹֱѳҵϲ˵ֱֱȥԼࡣǺǣֵܣҲҵ˵˵·ϼŰ밲һգӹšôһϣľɫԻҲһǡ
һľ˵ǺԶԺâֻҪǲ裬ºϡľͻСһ㣬ôŮһʶ񱻺밲ôһ˵˵һ㡣
Ȼ֪밲⣬õƣʴˣһҲֻܿЦֻ֮ǼľСǿģʢ˵ĺǱˡԷ˵ϳϵҪ˶ʱʱһж֪ġڲǷѣ˵Ҳգ
δ䣬һɫһվϵĺ̲ȥǻˣǴ˰ģ˺£
˼һģҲԶȥֻнʯּӵӰ̲ϲ쳣
Ҫʣȴ߷һ裬æ֮ʱһӰѵ˼ʮ⡣

һŲմأԶǰɽԪһСֻЩһμǱɫæͷ󺹡
һӰٿȻһϳһ󣬲¶ҵӭ
һͣ½ŲӭˣԪʦͽˡϳ뼸Ӷڣǲʵǳ˺£Ϊ˼ˣ
ԪʦͽһȻ¶ϲɫֻɫлЩţԷʣԪѽӿ˵ԺҵѭźءϳȻҪ࣬˭;оᷢء
ԣһɫԱ䡣Ԫӻе֪Щڷص·ϣķ⡪


226 ߲
ʱ·ϣ׺졢Ԫʦͽһǰ档ɵǲźߡ룬ַ
ֻһߣнδԪҲûʲô˵ģͽڲ׺ĺ棬ɽһ˵Цǰ·
һڵЪһ޺󣬵ڶʱ֣ڵӵľУһҰС
Դ뿪孵ںƯôãԼ˵ĺ⣬Ƭ֡ĺϣܼ˾һ
ͣ½Ųӿפ
ϵˣҲǲ˰״˹శ߲֮ʱһֻںϣˣ˻һ㿿˰ߡ
֮ϳƶ滮ĺ⣬ǰ滹վˣһһʮģһһ㣬ȴɫưŰߵˡ
ɫɾֻܾ䡣
ԺηΪݵٴʵҴ緢䣡ʢˣָŰ˴ȵ
߸ȻνĴˣʱ°ͣ۾зţĿڰɨһȦ¶м
ʲôͷôĿвߣ
ɽ״Ҳŭɫǰһȭҵֻ·˵ذˣǷʹ˱ߡ㣿󵨣
ŭȴԸأ»СΪϡʴˣɽҪ뿪˭֪δ˵꣬ȴͻȻ𣬶ǰЦš
ʱ˿̣ɽôǶԷʩ֣ɵһ
ɽضʩչԷһ֮ʱȴеһͷԪһء
ŻĵǺţںֱ̲һ㱻ŻûĿ޺ֹֻת֮䣬ոջڻĵӣճһѻҽ׺޲֣һɫ԰׵ȥ
ߣ˵죬ҳֵܶˣʾͽѡȹԹԵԭأҵǰúѲһǰ˳ֱסЩˣΪŵָֻš
˵䣬ͷѵ˰ߡת˾Ҫϰŭ֮£֪֮ʣԪӴһߣ
ɽҪԷԪӵĺͷһ漴뵽ʲôɫ۱䣬żһˣ
˽˼֮Ԫɽĺ𣬱ѷ׷ʩչṦѸԶ뺣̲Զȥ
Щ˸ɴĽˣԸ⡣
˭ܵģĺõѴԾһףһܳѸ˵ںļϡżӳ˻򣬵ں̲
߸˽Ų̧Ҳѵ˰ϣ񱼣ЦЩ˵ǹԾĸһ㣬вԱ֮ززҲ֪ðôһˣѰ˴
磬ЩеĽ˰ˣ׷ȥסһΣЦ
߸۾Ƶģ˱ӵķƳһۣɫΪֵҡͷ˵СᨣҲǵģֱŵ˼ҶˡҲӲԶģҺžǡпĺҼҵĴƹȥסǡ
ֵδȫأ˶ѣɱ֮ȤǴŲߣҵҪܵȥĦȭƵ˵
˵Ц֮ʣɽ羪֮һ·֮¡沢׷ŸԴ˿ͣǴ̲ǰ棬˾δ֮ʱ˸Ϲһ
Ҽ˵ֶʦܷ·𣬱ϵԷǵ֮ҵȼʮˣȻʢһԲϱɱˣɼԷ⡣ʴˣҲҳɣϳݱܡ˭룬ںĵӻⲻҡԪδŭݡ
ɽ߷֮ɫ˫Ŀ𣬺˵ֶȻҵȿӦԵģǵʱѣֻ»иѡҲ֪ðˣϷ²ˣӰôˣ
԰գɽһʩ񣬿ֵܣ뽭ϼˣҪΪҵָˣɽ˺ԸΪֵߡ
Ϊɳϣһ˱ƵĶӣɽ˵ĶСοƤӵ£װ׵ӣʵĻᶼûСӵһˡ
оĸ֣Щɵ˵һ˵ɱɱˣĵĻᶼûУôˡɽ˿бʱ֪һ뽭ĴڣɽֹǷԶ޷ԽҲǲġ
˿̣ɽһ֣ܳڶ
һδԷ˼ؿ˵ԷⲻƣֻǣĪֵĺ֮ϣǺҲΪ֪²˳٣˵֮ϣ뽭ϵ֪Ϊã
ֹߣͺһµӼǰȥɽ̾һһӣڼߡ
һ˶뿪ΩԪʦͽվߣʵʦ֣Ϊβȥ
Сʦ壬ʦһͺ󣬶ĲأԪӴ𻰣Ԫ˵
һһůԪЦһͬȥƽϰɣ
ǺǣǳСϹ˵ԪӵԪһۣĵ˵û뵽ɵˣ־˵ľ顣ʦܰЩ˵жԣҪСˣ
лʦѣһɫɵذοһ䡣ֻǣľȴԡ·;˶Զݽ˵ûһɣôĵʿأ߾ǺεȵΪ˵ΪɱͬϷ
ǶԷΪܸߣԼΣ²ƴĵزһȻçײ
˼ţ׷һԪʦͽҴҷء
صʱеӾϴԶԶһٵһ
ֵѣǲùˣһ߽ӣӭ˹ɫǡ
ǰһüͷʵԺ⣿У˴Ϊ֮˳أ
ַ룬һһ˵ԭΪҪ˴ĸĺ򣬲ŻɵֻͬҪҵСһ㣬ҲӦȥġ˭֪һϵķ籩ԭеĺôԶĵĵطЩǿͬˡ
ԷӦǳĵвΪ֪֮Ҳ˵ɵ˲޹ʳֶԸ˵ġԷȻ˲壬ǻ׷Һ֮ϣΩҶ˿ӦһֵҪ⡭
˵˴ϻһ٣ɫصĿһ˵ֵҪҲ޲ɣֻҵֵѻľ֧գϣѰ
䲻֪ԷʿˣΪΣһܶ㵽ȥأһЦҡҡͷɫ˵ǣµǰҹˣ
һΪ֮Ӧ֮ߣδԷǵΣͷ㵽һȥ
ֻϧ¾ôһȥĵĺȻҲ˵һ᲻Ĺͷһܱķӡ
ӲΣãһǾӣһҲ֮ˡ
ϻǵһ⡣ϾΪ⣬⴬ϵ˱㶼ˡ϶ԷͬӦΣ٣Զ
װֻ﷫𺽡ʱ뿪ĵ֮١
˼һҪԸêʱһȴüͷ𣬿˵ֻ߲ˡ


227 նɱͬ
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һСĺڷԶɺ·̲ϣðˣ̬ɣľµѧӣвߡ
Զĺڷǵöɵĺϳˣ̼䣬ѸԳȺ鼤ߣ
һԶĺջĿ⣬ͫ΢ϸϸⲻƵˡ
߸Ӷʮͷ㣬ֻ⣬˫ĿӥˡҲʮ˾ŵͣԲϸüСۣƤ׾˵Цɫеļ黫Į˵һ⣬״ںͬ
߸ӦĲΪԲһЩΪЩʲôˣѵѵ˴ĸɣһ˱ʿɣ
һ˼ʱϴǣǴ¥̨Ծ£ӭȥ
˾ɵĺʱ㵵ͣ˽Ųһ·ϲ׷ŴϷˣ˼ҪúõһЩеĽˣͬʱҲԼҵĺסϵ·ȻԷĳԶӣ㲻ˡ
˭룬ԷĺδԶݣһһСӭ˹ʿöЩ⣡
һԷʮԶΣǰһ˫ֱȭ˵ĳλѣ֪µðڲ¾ֲƣΪ
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ԣһ׼һޱظ󣬶ϵģ
ǰһؿڣʮؽ˵֪ػصⷽԲǧﺣ򣬽ΪһػصռСȾʿɶԵǵѷռҵĹءɱʲôȽҪռѶʺ䡣һףʵʵ־ܣ˵ֵܶ˻Ķһأ
ɫһ漴ǿЦȭ˵ҵƫԶ򣬼ʶǳʣػصռѽҵⲻҪŰݷõģ
Ǹ߸Цһ˵ͷǹĨǵشҶ˵ĵϸ𣿸Ҳ޷ձֵᨡƾ˵ΪҲȥռҵŰݷãߣ
ͷǰ˵ռΪĵӱʮˣ߲˲ΪĲҴ󲮸ǾŲΪ˵㣡
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ͷ˵ɣô֮ں̲վˣҸҪһѣû˴ݵ͵ȡ˱ӵԷΪԸЩѾˣһû
վڽһȴͷһҪ˵Ǵӵȡ߱ģҲֻһˡѽǻʯõ£û˼˲ȡߵġֲ·ߵҰˣҪʱȡֻ˵ʯ˵ıǶԷкͼթѣ
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һ״£𣬻ε˽ϵǰһһֵܣ˵˴ȻռУҵȶðֻһ·δʲôػصȲǡ˵ţٶ£¶Цҡͷ
СӣµģҪ˵ʲôᨼһûԼʹ󣬾һԼɵõ۾
һæǸ⣬ЦҵΪŶ׷ڰֻû˵ƬʲôػصҼʶǳ
߸ձһƲߵȴȥǧԵҲ˵ءֻǣûˡطϻǬ֮˶ɣ
ҴķԸȻȺÿѿʼӣڡ
λϼ״ļ֮ʱȴͻȻһϤ֣
һЦԷŲǣȴֵ߰Щ֮ʱͻȻԭʧգۼ㵽ǰᨵ
㹷ءᨲһѪĿŵصɴ۾תҳǸְ֮ˣȴһģͨˤڵء侱ѪȪӿƷ˵һͷ­ɳ̲ϹţĿ
˲Ϣ䣬ձɫ䡣Ҳֻǰһ㿴ѺʬǸŻЦˣнâ²ѻһ絽˸ǰ
ձŭ֮࣬ˡ˫ַţƬֽƾնһֻĴϡ
оѣָһ㣬ɽһѸձ䱾ס˶Է·
һ죬ձϹâһʢķ˽ϵķɽ
һ͵Ϯֺʼʩȴձľһ񡣼Ϸɽδ๦ˣһ㣬ѷֱ࣬͵һӣһâƥ˶Է
ձɫĿɱ⡣ʵ벻ôһΪˣƾ͵ϮɱԼܣһҪ
һĽâձָһ㣬һɫâٿȻɳֱԷš
ձЦţ޲ýһСӸһ룬ˣԽͷ֮ޣ
һ˵գǰɫâ֪ã֮ܲʱһâըܸոո⣬䡱һɫâѵǰ޴ĳײ֮ɳɿ⡣
ӵ֮ʣһֱһâ֣ͬʱձϡ

һձϵĽѿŵæץһѷֽһµĽֽס⡣
ʱһķɽѲʧʱش̵ձϡ漴ѣµĽַγɣ令ʵʵ
Ϊձһǰй·ˡŭ֮£ָһ
˴ʱ˿̣ձˣ˸ƭˡСʲôΪɽ߷Ĳ㲻Ϊ֮ӷĲΪ˿ƿģѵɶСӱԼΪߣҿϴʮŽӷȻһغˣֻôȥ˾ǡ
ձԹһš޴ΪƭԼնɱԼܡ


228 ǻ
һԷ̶ٻ˷ɽΡ
ԷĺԮ֡
ϽǷˣѲ鿴ˡ
˲
Ȼ
һ岻ԶĽϰʹɫĺ̲ձ뽭ϴɱ˼ƣ֪ձ£Ȼ鷳Ĵˡռʮߣߵͷˣһܻ
һԣձˡ
ΪʿձһʤҲûУɱԼܵˣ˼ɵ
һһСһǰһ󣬲δɱţձ֣ɽҲŻסβ˵ǰçײ塣ο֮䱾޳Թ¾ʹ˰ˣΣ
Ŷһüһͣ˽Ų
٣ȾʹȥǣռҾ׷ձаϲæԵ˵
һǣ˵һ²ɷΪ½󣿡
ձһ˵֪λ̨ʺ£
ҵ˵ϵıΪˣֵܶɱͬ飬ֲĵ׷⵺Ͼкαֵֵܶɱأһ⡣
ձתţԷɫһæ˵ʵҲʲôֻݵе¶ѨѴǧ֮ã治סһЩˣһЩûеҩݣƵҩЩôռڼǰ˴˴ÿժһЩҩݣʱҲ˻ȥֵۡǰҩЩ˿е֪һ˵ѨҵΪҪռҩݣ׷˹˭룬˭뾹һᡣ
һȻĵͷֲ޺ʵԭˣռҵǸۺ񣬻ƵҩˣŴ棬֮ءռΪҪããأ
һºȴ˷ŵƴɱͬһûСһ㣬ձЦ˵˵Ҳ޷ӳƬ򲻳ɡװģ̾˿˵
ҩǺƵģռҲŻݣһЩΪĵͽ׵ҩˡλ̨ҲȥѰĹİɣȻڣϧҲʲô˶վȽŸġ
ҲǴɽеĸˣͬԶ磬;зһǿ֮ءʴˣס˱Ǽˡ˴ȻƧȴҲ˾УҵȺѽ˴Ϊ֮ˡ
ձҲȴһĳޣ٩٩̸ԴǳϿңҪԷһЦֻ˵Ż˫Ҳûţںİһö
ס֣ҪˣʲôͻȻһ
ԷձЦһף򾹻һ⣬ֱʡ
ãǴ򣬿ɴǧ֮⣡ϱϾҪһʶĶ࣬ȴֹֻձƵóѡ
ߣгʾƬУû˸ɱռҵˣܲģ
ձشЦţ׳һƬһ֮ʣָһ㣬ʼĳɽѻһŽϺХȥ
һĻδٿȻθ߶ʮɣڰ־ҷâȻձ
ձķɽոջ齭ϼĶҪƽɱʱһǿƥƱɱӳ˼֣ܲ˵ǰĶ׷ȥֻҪɱһˣԼŤתơ
Rॡһ죬һ֮£ձĽֶʱƬҲõ˳ȥ
ձ֮ȴң߬ŵĽӷ漴ɽֳһ˵ۿɱƣӦĽϡ
ϸĿзâձΪԼƼóѶеʱĵ׶Ȼһɺ⣬֮ʱӷδɻ֣һɫâȻǰ
֮£ձһҺǽâѴ͸ͷ­
һѪ£Դ˸ձӻǰ˵ɳ̲ϣ˾ʬǳķɽû˲ٳ֣£Ҳ
˼Ŷʩչɽæöͷб˼վң
лֵԮ֣ȻϷҪ鷳ˣȶ񣬳һ֡
һԿл£ɱձǵâʧϿĿࡣɽҲΣɱУ˭ֵܵ
콣֮һȻ޷뽭Ϸ
ʹ콣У״ΡɱͬˣһУͬŹĹ˼ɡ񱻱֮£ɱ⡣
ɱֵܣһ뺣ϵ˶Ҫ׸עҪƴ
ձί֮ʣһӶԷж˽һЩƩԷеĻػصںη򣬲Ȼɵĺӭͷײȥ𣡻ռҾǺɱˣ֪Է˭ֳĻ֪֪ˣҲһӦ֮
ձĻҲǷ֮⣬һȴ˴롣ӶԷУթȴû仺֮Ƶóѡ
ֻǣձ֪ǣһҲûŹ
һջطɽһץѽձֵܶ˵ǬץС룬һף˵뽭ϲ鿴һ£֪֮У𺽣ʻϷ򡣡
ɫһֽӹǬ漴¶ЦݣձķɽҲУ˵֮Ȼ˼ҳ׷Ҳ߲ˣֻǣҶˣҪЩ˵ǬһһƮƮѵʮ⡣
ŽϵıӰһĿ˸Ц⣬еĶ˹ȥֵͷ¶֮ʱԿһ˵ıΡ
ǬɽһҪ̰
˶ɱģɱĻӦãһȻĽ׸˽ϡԷп֮ˣȻҪǬ鿴һ
ϳɾβ֪һ˼֮£ԷССͣȴ˵ȡǬʲôأɽأûˣٺõıҲǱ˵ģ
صϣϼʻϣҲܵͷأֻϻʻ󣬻ǾʻҪһЩһǲ̫ƫԭеĺ򣬶ǳ䲻֮£ռҲ벻ɵĺԱƹȥ˾ٱУһ·
һص˺ʱɫƽƬϵˣĿеĳȱ¶š˱һնɱ澪Ķǣ̾Ϊֹ
˶ƽһķɸ˵ģ
Сʦ壬̫ˣѴ֮ɱأ
ֹӷɳ˾۰
ֵƽʱɽ¶ˮģɱ򣬺Ǻǣ
һζ㣬֪һΡһҲȣлˡ

һֹסŲΧˣЦЦ˵ͬűѣסֻµΣδȥǧﺣУʱ֮ٶλҪСˣ
ò˺һһ¥̨ȥȻɫȣΪӦеķ緶ǸŵӲеǫ
û֪һ룬ռҵʱ׷ﲢɡ


229 ɼ
ӦǷֺ̲ϵıʣѵͷˡҵԺǻβ治ȥһռҵǰѰҵȡֵѣǺã¥̨֮ϣһ߽ϲǵ˵
һԶһۣǺڷ뿪ԶȴδԶȥ罭ԣҪһľˡǺôһβͣɵĺҲɴˣ˸Ѳ׷ɱڱ¾أ
ҪǴһһݳɡһü𣬶Խ˵˾úȫǰУصң
¥̨ϻɽ뽹ˣװϵҲȴһ𣬽¼һƣ˲ӰԶȥ
һ漴һ⡣¶ɫԶ
״µˣ֮޲Ŀѣۡ˻״μһˣôǰطˣ˲˷ܣƼ˲Ϣǧﰡ
˲˵˼һڿУתۼ䣬㵽˺ڷϷ
һʶ̽˼飬ϲٽƶֻһЩ彡ˣʶڰգѻһ⣬¡һ崩˸󶴡
ռҺϵˣԶԶձѣҿȴҲԶ룬ֻסԷĺš˭봬ͻȻͱ˿ˮཡཡ࣬ŵЩռҵĴʿС
һδȥȥκ󣬴ӿ˵˺ϡżװһƬң£ϴʳˮߵʳ֮ϯһպ󣬲˱ɴͷҲصȥ
ɵĺϣԴһӰ£𡣶ѳСɽʳ߳ڼװʱɽҲǺֳ
ǺǣСʦǰأв͡ιޡ⣬أԪ棬һͶء
һô࣬ɨһĶװǬԷӹѣҲǿ˻ˡ
Ԫһ˵ʦܣǡ
æʰһԪ˵ҵȫǰУһʱ᲻ܿϱȱˮ㣬ҲǲѶΪ֮
ҲӴ¥£ЦǺǵ˵ֵѲٴ谭Էõ˳Ժȵĺ֮ǣ˾գ
ŴһƬǾһҡͷ˵ЩֻǾ֮ͣ㲻ʲôǧﺣ;дҪʱգУҪ˼ʱɣһˣҵȻǶСΪã
һĻ˻ףȴɫ΢䡣£˵˵ռһ֣
ҲȷֻЩСЩ޴һ˵
϶ռҲĻɵȴûһôĹǡͻȻ뵽ʲôҲЩæԸɽٽװɾҪһеȫн
֮󣬽һЪϢһɱԼЩƣ룬ǰ;δΪҪ
һҲƴǣԪӡ˽˼䣬ԻصС
ʱҹɫ٣ѹ緫ԶʻȥռҺϹǺƮת˲ʧ

ϳһС߰ĶһձֵܵǬ˸׳죬͵£ԣ鿴ŽɱĻ
ʮϻУװŵһЩҩݣӦռǸѨвժġݡСҶǲݵȣԪµġٲݻ׫¼ģ״μЩݣԺ˵ϡ
ƿһһϸɢֱ˾òʲôöشҩ鵤ȴЩ죬ӦõĵҩЩҩһá
ʮɫһСķֽһǰһ
ӷףձʹùʣšʮŰɫġҲ׳Ʊˡһһɫķʲô
ƴķӦʲôƤƣʵ氵ǶɫС֡ݡϣݷšݵ˼ԶͣǽΣΣʱ̶£˵һһء
СĵؽݷպãһʮʯձֵҲ㸻ԣʯûӶġ
ձֵܵǬУûɶöֻݷһۣ±һЩ˽˵ЩȤ
ϵĶһ£һǰձķɽɽ죬Կ̳С֡׽Ʒ࣬ľǱСҪõöࡣ
һص룬ǽ׽һ㲼죬ʯϢռҵ׷׷ҪĴ㡣
ֻǣռҵ˾᲻׷أ

ʱǧ֮һƬϣС컷Уһĺ֮ϣɽƣɽݺᣬ羰
һɽׯ԰磬ˮͨĴһ侫ᡣһٵϯض
ͻȻһ⻮ʶٿȻ뾫С
ɫһ䣬̧һһöأͣ꣬¶ŭɫȻ飬Сӫɢȥһȥ
磬һһǰѹյʮӰԣӵ빪ʩ
硱
󲮣
壡
ͦظһһ£ŴŷԵˡ
磬ǳ˺£ӵһӰǰһʵһʮ׳ÿ˫Ŀʮֵľ
ɤ˵Ҵ֮ʱյձǧﴫݵҩʱͬˣԷִᨱɱͬභʤ㴫ȡţô
˸ɱռӵܣǵΪģȥҲܰݣ׳ţ۾
ӵͷ˵ռǰ仧ڴˣû˸ƬձᳬڵΪǰȥҹԲѴžԶ롣±һˣ
ʲôСŸողŲ㣬һϲ簡ռҰδˣ׳ϲվԵĺֶҲæ׷ǰء
ֵصͷʵɫһ˵ص£ռѵ־ʮأŵһ㲻ʲôȺ߲ԷƱ㣡
Ǽ͹Ӳŵձʱ׶༪٣Żȥ·϶Сģ԰գڰ֣һֶȥ󣬲¶ܵɫ
ˣռûгĸˡ񣬲첻ˣصһҪɹΪɽеĸˣصȥϴ裬Ϊռü

Ǹŵ׳ԼĴһƬյϣָУһĺһֻ޴ĺӰׯ԰ĸɽƮ£һ磬һԵĻлֱ졣
Ӱ˫һգһͷ˶Ľ𶥵񣬳ŵǰ
ˡ
ǰһĵᣬһצ˫͵һţ˫һ񣬺ţһԾ档
Žżһ㣬Ӱΰڵ¡ǷһϲõУǴţҹС


230 ϱ
ڶյĳ棬ϢһҹһҲ˫ۡ
ʶɨϲǰҵĺҲ쳣һ԰ȥ󷨣߳˷š
ϵĴһӻõĵӲͣߺţڼװæµͣһ¥̨ʱҲڡ
̧ͷһɫһʵȥӦϷɣ
ʱ϶ϷϺѣԵ緫ֹӷıǣ϶˵
һͷƾԶйǣռ׷һɵļ壬ǧĵ̣ǿСġ߲ΪȴֻĲΪǶԷû֣ڵʿҲӦ
ģǶ㲻ȥġԼ̣ҲʹȻֲñˡ˵һƴҲɱʿ𣿵ǶЩͬɵǾǵǸʲôˣҲܻԼС
֪Ҫɱһʿѣ
ֻǣΪ߹ԼôأǶԷɱԼҲװɣӣããϣӵȥӵȻҪӣӲʱҪƴС
һĬĬ£˼żٵĸͻ״֪Уĺ«һھơһϤ䣴ɤۣظˬ졣
ʦܣôһˣռ¶ݣǲǰԪ¥̨͸ŹС
Ǻǣûʲôһ«׸ԪӣЦʦ룡
Ԫæӹƺ«ĹһڣչЦлʦܵƣ
ԪʦֵܶˡһԪЦ˵ʦСʦƿжӰ
Ԫæֹһھƣ˿۾һɣСӣĪ˵ʦҪƭƺȣǷأ
ٺ٣ͽĸأ˼˵Сʦľɾƣ֮Чأ
Ԫͷһһ߶㿪ʦİƣȴǲͣ
ԪһǺһЦ˵ʦʦ֣ϿѽȻСʦ᲻ˡ
ԪӸҪٹһڣԪĻҭǺˣ˼£ֱСʦҪƺȣ᲻ã«̫СˣûأզûأԹţЩյҡź«
һҲǺٺˣһ«ЦƲȵģȻٶľҲʦһ˺ȵѽ
ҲźڰСӲôСɣԪֹһ䣬Щضһеĺ«
˹ĹҺ˾ƺ«һЦƣƱҪһģֻС֮ƷʦţأֱǱأʦľǣҵľưһһǡ
ǬУк밲͵ļ̳ӹأһǲʲôơϵҲǴ˼Ƕ֮·Ĳ¡
˵ЦһԪӻǿһСʵʦɱ֮ˣӦô򵥰ɣܷ˵ʦ
һͷԶһۣ˵ɱȷʵ򵥣Զǧһ塣ʿڶ࣬ҿǵġ
ɱǺһʱ֪ԷݣǲҷŹȻˣһñӵι㡣
ֻϧҼʶǳҲ̫СˡнѣöԷǧﴫֻ¶Էĳ׷˹ѴӶԷе֪ǸڵĺڶϷʴˣҵϺУֻҪԷԤǰ裬ܶⳡ׷ɱ
ɵеҵܲܰȻӹ˽٣δ֪
֮ǱصΣϵ˻Ĳ֪Щ֪ûôֻĿֻšԪʣһǵǡ
ԣԪ˿鳤˵䲻ɵˣҲʦܵΪܸߣǽҲ硣Īǣ˵Ǹ֮УбʦΪߵ˴𣿡
һҡͷЦʦ֪µΪڳǸ߲ɼɵһ;УҲǸո𲽰ˡ˵ʦŻṳ̂ء˼ҿһŴеļ壬һСӿԶԿġ
Ԫɫһ޵ĵ˵ʦԣ˼ҵĳ׷Ҫ
һЦЦƵ˵ʦҲصģǻ㲻µͷΩһƴܲһͿҵ˵ˣ
˵ʲôˣʲôǵأ̾ȴʦˣΪֲԪӶ̾
һȴЦŰοʱʦֲ˵ġ˵ţĿͶԶǣ˵ʲô˵أƣΪΪҡҪôһ⣬֪˵Ρ˹ʱ忣ʱתģɣкξգ
ԪЩ΢㵣עһıӰ벻
ɺߵĴæҲԼµʲôȴæµĻõ⣬װϣ¥̨ϣҲվˣĴţÿ˵Ϲ˲
ԴˣһҲ޿κΣֻֻ֮֮Ƭ򣬶ⳡ֣֮
𣬺˷ˣʻü졣ʱǰԼɼ֣˻еϾ¶ֻŵ
٣Ҳڴʱ󣬱㽫Ǻ˦󣬼ȫǰСҲ˳׷ϣЩɫֻŵĵӣµĻʱ˿
Ǻûռҵ˴ڣ˵жôš
һʱǻæƹȥһ˿һ˸еޱȵĺ״αΣķյء
ͷ׹ƻ֮ʱϢһգҪȥϵˣԱֻҪˣããϣѰپһҹûΣյĺУӳռҵ׷ɱ
ʱеһȴɫһ䡣һ߸ϴһ߼߳ţһ㣬¥̨밲ľڹͺδȴǵ߳һȥ
֮һͦأ˫Ŀ˸򱱷ȥ


231 ǿ׷
밲ˣ֪һ⣬ȴ䵶üбɫϾһԵȻֿ֮ģľһ󣬰·Ҳɣæź밲һ뿪¥̨
ֵѣ𣿡ϴҴԾ¥̨һߡ
һͷ°ʾ㿴
ѭһĿȥɵɫһڳԵ⣬ǡ
ֻԶһڵ㣬Լз֮䣬һֻɫ񣬼Ÿ߿ķХ򺣴
˫չɶ೤ô˾ǣǵϾһĿΰӣһŭݣڰզȣӣҪ
ʲôΪĻʧأסһ
һȴüͷ̧г˲ýϣ𣬳ХУѴڵ˰գнâҫ漴һݺӭֻ
ƾ̼䣬Ǵ³ȻԷһڷоʱʶвһһĵһʱ͸ߵΪܲϣͦ
һҵǣԷĸˡƴ֮£δزܲһ
иţʱкջ
ҹݵ˵ط󣬼߸ǳƴѯ飬ձֵܵźŭɶ
Щ֪Ӻδðˣǹ죬ɱռҵӵܣϴ˺ֱռҷǿ벻̣
ɱҪöԷˣйͷ֮ޡ
˿е֪Էɱ˽ٴ󣬳ҹɫ룬֪ȥΪǣΪЩ˴˴֮£Ӧ·ˡȻԷ˳дĻӦñ;Ŷԡ
ιʳԼĽ𶥵ЪϢƬ̺󣬱׷ȥһֱ׷˼ʱҲûŸӰһºг̣׷ϵĵΨһ˵Լ׷˷
ƾŽ𶥵٣ں϶˸Ȧӣ߿ĺһ飬δԷӰӡ
˵๤ŰԼġʢȴۻˣ֮£ݳԱˣֽһ׷˹
ò˵𶥵񣬳֮Ϊ֮Ϊɵü죬֮Сιʳĵرʮ㡣ҲŵһѣȻããѰһڴ롣
ƾŵ죬׷ɵĺ
ӸԶ㿴ȫʻĺֻڵϵȴɨһʶһôǿʶй֮޲ռ£ΪߵĴ磬ҲûǿʶɣĪǣϻ˲ɣ
ˣǱ뱨ˣ
˿ǣڿʱǿ˶ԷΪǸվ¥̨ϵ˲߲ΪһǡһԵͷΪǲĲΪ벻ķۡ
ˣɱˣҲٶˣ
զɱʢ֮ʱһڿն𣬾նµĽ𶥵
Ŵŭֱһâӭȥ

һ죬ɽײһҫĿĹâ
ײ֮һ𣬷һ䱳ϵŸȻѣֵķɽûռˣʱС𶥵չ˫ᣬǰɣһʱҿ
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ͷһʩչΣ¥̨֮ϣֻѪӿһϮæԵϢһ£źࡣ
ֵ°ɣҩţЩԷΪ̫ߣΩָһŤתǬˡһȴԷһϻܣЩɥ
˫վȣץƿһ޺޵Űֻڵ˵£
δ䣬һһηɵ˰Сķɵŷͷ֮ϡ
ŻΪԼͷԷںϣɵԳһҪ߶𶥵򺣴˭֪תۼ䣬Ǹֵǰ
ף֪ĳСӣззǸѵõıԷˣֲҪӲƴŷǵûв죬ﷴ
ڵϣָһ㣬һâӭͷ˸շյһ
ԷͣһȴǲܣͻȻâһ֣˫ˡһݺݴ˹ȥ
Էл֮ŵϹЦֱһƬķֽɳȻһƬתۼ䣬ϣһڷס
һ˸ϻһ׺ۣס
ʱŵķɽһⲻһߡ
䡪ķɽҷŽâһٲ֡
֮ϣһλζһ¡ż״־ɽţٴγ͵¡
һͫ΢æ߶ܡһâסԷɽ԰ϲͣ˶ֵϡ
˭ֻ֪ǰеĺڵ񣬾ȶᣬ磬Ĺƻȥ롣
ɶĴ֮£һ⣡λռҵĳΪףѼӦټôһѲգĪһٲɣ
һɫңץŷ˳ȥʱһŻͷһһ
СӣⶨռҵĻµĽ𶥵ǵ趯𣬴ûҵɡ
ߣҿ㻹кα£¶֮ʱµĵͻȻһ㽫Ʒȥһ亹
쳣Ųҵ鿴֮£ֻһֻ۾Ѫ죬ȻϹˡ
˲۽𶥵۽ǳ鴤촽¡ԭһĽâǹڻ֮У⧲˷ŵİ㡣
Сӣ㾹ʩչɽɱֶҵĲ㣡ͳҩΪι£ָ㣬ɽŹâڶȥ


232 ת
У֮ϣһ߶ܣס˶ԷĹơһʱݣ߳ȣռʿǿ๼ҲΪŰһĿӦá޵ɽֱǣ
Ǻǣ֪СӣҵֶΣЦţһóһС
һŻ桰顱ڿըһֻȸ˫һչ趯ѤĻ棬ļµƣһȥ
һа֮£ҳɣóŽӷ˳ȥҫУһֻ޴Ľ͵ؽȸС
߿ĳ쳹գȸڽŭĳײţһӿͣţڻŽӡ
ȸ裬һ־߶׽ŵҿٻһھѪѸ˽
âʢɱ죬һҰƿգһһɱҷҫĿĹâȻ¡
䡪һ죬ϵ׻Ƭ
Ǿ޴ƣڵ˫һգڿһ򣬲㽫ˤȥһĳ׽һ׻Χźڵ˺ҧֹ
һγ׽İڵҲ˲ñϵˣֻ񣬷ݣƶ
һ֣âַ˻ȥƴһŲűɴֹסԷɽƣźƶȴʼյסŵȥ·ֻʼűĻȸ佥Ӷ֮ơ
Сӣķɽһʿ㾿ǺˣŵͷؿѲףľԼ׷ǿޱȣԷһ飬ǾĶǵһļ¡
ߣϻЧ԰һԷ
СӣΪƾһܺ𣡿ôʰ㣡
ŽţֻӳŷһźתۻΪһɫףһŻһһֻȸԾȻС
ϡһӷյֲסգΪУֻȸӦһƬһϮȥ
״һ֣һпɬѡձֵеĻûóӷҲֲסԷĻȸ׽ҲֻǿסǱëΨһĻƾ̻ܡԷּǼ̵׷ԼʤֶΣֻˡ
һˣΪͬƴɱθ֡û·
һ˫Ŀڱӿܡâӯ䣬ܻȻɴСǰദӡһķŵķɽ󣬱ӭһƬкµĻ档
ܡڻ£֨֨ı䱡
ŵЦţɽٴδ̽ܡۿŷɽҪƶܶ룬Է͸һȻ־֮£âһ̵̱˶Էϡ
䡪
ϣŵɫ׽סƣȻѣûзŵľţǾ¶һ˿Ц
ꡪ
ɫףƴŵؿڣһߵۣȴҲð֡
ŵڣǳлףסȥơЦţ˫ִһ־ֻܵķɽȻ߶̱һɳȻܡ
ЦУָһ㣬ȵȥ
ͷһˮ˫Ŀ΢һѵٿȻʧ͵ӿһâסҪ
ȵŵķɽҲһؿ⡣
ǧһ֮ʣһŲƼˣкһָңңһ㡣
նɱ֣ȴͻȻɫһ䣬ܣֻһâһĺ֮ϣ޼׶ʱѿһӡ
Ϣķ͵ϮֵţҪ½𶥵֮ʱǵƵĽâ׵˲䣬һâѽ׵ķ϶һ

һҺŲŵĿؿڵѪֻе糱ˮѸȥֻɲǣǰһڣӽ𶥵һͷȥ
һոսγһ㻤֣ϮķɽᡱһؿڣȸĻҲͬʱû
һһҧעܣǿ赲ü޵ɱ
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ۡһѪһǿʧֹסƵȥƣȴķɽȸʧ˲ٳ֣ڿƮ
һѪֵɤۣһ˫üƺһܲ˵ٻ׽ҪԸǸëʱһУֲ
ֻǺڵѳ׽ľ˫һۣӶȻ׹Ѹܵ˺ϣŵʬ
״һڵնȥ˭֪ǺڵУǷһķҵľ˼£ѸԶȥֻǴϢ䣬㻯ϵһڵ㡣
ǿˣǹѪһԸʧҡҡͷһɣæջطɽҲŲסΣһѪҡҡλδӰУȥ
ֵСģ
Ͼ˰ڷ£¥̨ϹսһҲһɡ
ؿڣϰҡҿһȻƾΪӦУֻѳʬˡֻǷɱ֮գ˿ˣѡ
ɿȴһڿҡŵһæһ
еһһȣͷ£ǿһջرɴ䵽¥̨֮ϡ
һɫףЩģŽԼӿ¥̨ˣƲ£˵Щ轭ˣҪչء
δ˵꣬һһ˫Ŀһգ쵹¡


233 
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Сʦ塪
ʦܡ
һ
Ϸһ󣬼æǰץסһɫԻֵǿֻЩˣЩӱˣطЪϢ
ԣŵĲŰæְ˽ŵؽһ̧¥̨ǺڵԶݵķȥļĪ
ת֮䣬ȴͻȻ¶ϲɫֻֻȸɢһգŵķɽƽޣҪ뺣УæָһУ˵ķɽ㵽С
ַ룬⣬ϺõķɽϷȨֵŰɣ
һΣǹȥˣɵĺȫǰУû˸Ҵ⡣˭֪ռһû׷Ω뿪Ƭ򣬲ܳװռҵв
Ϊһٶʱػصϵռׯ԰ڣȴܲ
ׯ԰ǰĿյϣصɫһΧšǰŵʬףһԻվϹֻ۾Ľ𶥵
ô̶ʱڣռˣձֵˣ˵Ϊߣ¡ǾŲΪΪУɱ˻УȴǾԲࡣ˾ŲΪµʿкˣ˵Żݽ𶥵
ɵʬףʬؿϵѪ֤ʵȷʵǱɱˡŵףҲûסԷһ
صͷĪǶԷĴϻڵĸ˲ɣˣԼȥҲռ˰
ΪԼҲΪռҵԺ󣬴²ܲСġԲǧڵĺڣߣռҲִƬꡣ
䣬ҲΪ߳ͬ·ռҶִ˳ȴҲƽ£ΪռҲδ·ͬŻ˵ؼķƽ˾
ɱռӵܵˣˣռҲֻŪûҪȴŶԷʦ
뵽˴صЩռĻҵܻܲԼСֻΪȥˣŲеšΪ֮ƣΪҪΪء
Щػӻ֣͸żƣ룬ص˵ںɽɣռӵϸ̽Χͬʱ׵Ұˣƽϣ
ȥˣصۣȴҲֻʱ֮ġÿһʿǼ帴˵ϣôûˣԼҵΪӵԵԼΪۿҪڣɲܳʲô⡣
еʿΪ߲㡢˲УŲΪȴֵֻˡ񣬼ΪߵҲΨصһˡռҲҪӻֻǣеԼƵ£
ɱŵˣ˭Ϊأ
ص¾Ϊ˼δ躹֮ʱ֪ǣ˿̵ĳźŶںϱӣӵԶ
ɵĺռѰ֣ǰȫʻšһ˺ʹеˣȴҲ˵ˡ
֮нڣռ֮ˣһΣ֣Уһѡ
Щеĸ֣ڴҲǷ֮󣬲֪ԼǶôСһ԰Ҳ̮֮ǰĴٲǲ׳˺̲ظδ֪Ըб΢Ҳһ־η֮
ˣǣһơ
һǼˣϡϳϡԪʦͽ졢¡ľá밲ȡȵȣĲҼǼװϵĵӣҲ׹Ŵ¥ɫ
װһƫƧĽҦӶһ˿ڴϣƲͬʦֵܶû˴ǰ磬йµЩ߷߲ƽغһŤͷƳһ۴¥Ŀ¶ǿҵĶ벻
¥ĲУȴǾ쳣һɫ԰׵ûһѪɫιʳ˵ĵҩѾһʱ
һյһ£Ѫ¾Ҳȥ
ֻһ˫ۻؿǰˣһᣬƣԪֵæǰ
һЩãǰĽԪӵˣ͵ӳ£
˿һ¼ŵɨˣ˵лǣң޷ģҪչˣ޹ʲҪҡ
ϵĽϣüͷչٺõĵҩҲеת˼ЧһǺ£ʱգջġ˵ãȥɣֵѰˣ
һ΢΢ף˫Ŀϣ˺׳סӣ漴ץһʯϢ
һΣҲֻ뽭֪֮أȽ֪
һƴɱһ˵ܼѣѵľอܴǽϵĵҩûҹѲģ
ǿһûκη֮ϵκˣ׽ءʴˣҪ֮£ȥˣ󷨡
һЩˣϲԼΣˡ
ò˵źǿǿһӦǰɱռҵʿĴǣҲᵽʿƴաʿҲˣͬױɱֻǣԵΪĲͬҲྶͥ
Ϊڰ˲㣬ϵѳһ֪˵һͬѲĺڵ벻ݣȿΪҲΪʱԮ֡
ţһֻĴ治ʬ
ĿһǶ˶һʱ붨սʱһ
һһݣǷͬСɵĴڡɱţһϲû콣˱
ΪΨһɱУԷֵĳʼһʹ콣ɱһЧֻһ;ˡ
ʶһʼѰŻᣬѰһɱĻᡣ
ǻȸˣԷķɽΪʹͬΣ֡ŵɱУһӦüѡܲΪΪʤ˻ᡣֻǣܴɣΪ
ƴɱҲΪһΪ֮һݾԭɣ
һΪԷҪֳٿؽµıɴԼ׽˵ҲŶ϶ԼʤȯյԵʡ
ŲΪʿɱ߲ΪʿȻķ󶼲ʲô¶
ͷһԼĴˣòעһͷˡ콣󡱡˭룬Ҳûк֣ȴ̵ɫ׷⣬ϻһƤƵףıֶΡ
ֻһΪ׷Ϊ֮ʩչɱ֮ʱ
˴˶̣ͬǣһԼѡɱ˵ʽŶԷзΪʤĻᡣ
ضһڷɽŵ׷֮ʱ̲ݻ˽
ֳĵڶѷɽʧʱػŵĺ󱳣Ƥ״̴˸ӡһҲû뵽ϻһףͷ붼δ룬Ѹ˵һ׷϶Уսɱ
˾ĶǵһƴɱҲڵʯ֮䣬ת
ֻǣһһǿ֮ĩҲ֧ŲסԷڹƣɢ֮ڣǿ߶Ҳֻܸ紦ȴѵжԷɽȸܣʹอܴľ䵽˺С
ȸɽһżһ
ңһɱźĸܣ
һԵֶλ̫ˣЩӷӦΪԼĵʱôûԽƾԼΪƴɱһߣΣգ
˷ƴɱһҲûջ콣ȷʵϬޱȣƾ˽κͬΪĶ֡㹻ķֶΣ˲㡢Ųʿɱ֮
ŶԵʱ̫СˣʧʤɴһԺΪ䣡
ϵһɫ԰ɣϢȴƽͣأĿ붨һ


234 
ϣɵĺ˷粨ˣһǰ
;һ½أСһĺϱӵĺ쳶緫ƹȥƹȥ
½ػߺΪ˴ҲΪ˴ѣϺУոһյĿʲôأܺúõĻţҪġ
ܲ˵ǰʻ¹ȥٲһ¹ȥˣԶԶ˹ȥ¹ȥʱɲͣ
ǰˣɽ룬ƺռҴΣԺǻοϻһЩԵģٳżաǣһƹǰĺУ
ϣ㬵ĿűԶĺ¶벻ᡣŶµĽ벻ӽ͡ڳϵ־棬ֻǣЩӵȴи
ϾôԶռڵʲôػص类˦֪֮ˣеѿʼڴһ
ڴ¥һշУɽŽϵĽϣСĵźϵһЩ顣
ʦ壬ѽʻ£;оС죬Ѳ˫ʮ֮ʻĺ֮ңֻǣһʳ뵭ˮȴҲס˳õġ뽹һдıҪ䡣֪ʦΣɽ˵꣬ȴŽϵľϡ
µʻȫǽϵ⡣֪ɼռǴСԼܿġµΨһѡ񣬱ӵԽԶԽá
ʴˣڽϵ£һֱûп
ϰлһ˼ǵȴһءĽѣһ
һֻǴ˼˳ʳδгصļЩż봫ѯһ״һʶ֮ȴȻ޷Է硣
Ѯǰһһͳʳʱ򣬴˵ƻָĲý԰
˼ãδȥϳϵĻ¡Сӳ֮գΪʱԶˣ
뵽˴Թ˵ĵͷŶɽ˵ϴνѽʱҿֵúԼǻΪġʴˣϷ򲻵òСһЩ֪;Ī⣬ΩнٻӦ䣬ܻΣϵĺУЩȴǻµƽ¡ҪӰ˼Σ˼бб޻
ΣϷ迿ʱ˿ŰɡֻȴϷ˵ĻȻǿ˰Ƿ
ɽ뽹ùӦŵ˳ȥϰ̾һԼˣЩС߶ôࡣԸγܰȻأҲ֮꣬Ϊɾһɣ񻹼ǵõʱԼŶʮ꣬ʮꡭ
ʱļװϣͬ˳˼
ԼʱʲôģһδɵͷСӰɣɾôһͨСӣԼһ˫ۿ˲ͬʲôͬأ֮ǲͬɣȻԼҲ޹ʻݣһδεȥ̽ĵϸС壬ͦϵƢűǷСӻ书˭룬˾ķ֣ԼϦദ򣬾Լ׷Ѱɵˡ
ˣһżһԨԴôʦܡʦ˲¶డ˵Сɽ֣СԼʦܣԼߡǺǣСӲɵˣնɱ˼ɵͬΪϧϵûԵֻôˣ
СҲչ˰ɣôأͽʦֹŶ
ʦһʲôأ̾ģ
ԪĻԪӵ˼˳Ŵķ϶¥һۣһ鳤룬۾һɣ˵װϴˣΪʦЩˡ
ʦ˵СʦôαչôðУԪҲɵ¥Ƴһۡ
СʦˣȻҪչˣӾһЩҲûʲôǰң˵޴󰭣Ҫ˶ñصġԪ϶˵
ԪЩɵʵʦҵ˴ĺ󣬻𣿡
ԪԣԪһۣ˼˵ǸռҵĻػصԸ𣿡
ɣǸطĵģһ书ҲȫûôԪ
ԪǿԪٺһЦͷ˵ҲȻɣǸطҲ˴𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷ̾Ըһ˾ľ֣Ըһ˱ϢʹأǸ֮ϵΣҲĽ֣ͬݽ棬˵ɱɱûзֺĹ˼ɡγҴҲһˣһʶ㲻ǳ󼰵ġ⣬𣿡
Ԫæɫ˵Ӳ룬лʦ̻壡
Ԫ糶סԪ䣬ʵʦ֣㲻ǵ˴ı㲻˰ɣ㽫ʦںεذ
ԪæЦԪֱۣЩĿʦ˵ֻһ˵ģʦ
ԪӲδͽܵ˼Ҳǲ²ⲻ룬ʮ꣬᲻Ԫһ뷨أ
ʼսһϵģнԪʦͽϻǣһơ
ֻǣһס˷ţҲκˡʶһҲΪ˲෹̸ʡ
Ȼûٸұ˵һĲǡˣǻĪľη
ÿմʯ£ѭһǰתôһȦİͷƵģһںϵĵλԽߣԼµĵӱҲˮǴߣںϵҲðһЩ
ÿôתһȦһǿֹӳûУһҲ֪һĹϵǳ׺ĵڼװ϶磬ûɵӵİۡ


235 ǵ
һĴڣԩɺദͬʱҲǣһ˵˼
밲ͬʱʱһֻеûڡһǸֵˣүȥ۽½ҲԸ
ͬһϣһЩȴ֮ѡ밲еһԶԶԽӽ˵ҲߣߵүҲҪȥӡ
㣬밲ôûأھǾһʱ򣬳ûύʾ֮ԳϣͶãδزΪֵܡˣԼֺ»أֻԼ׾ںϳʶԷʱͨˣһأ
밲ЩԹҲȻеݣΪҪĥأ
׽һЩԷҲֻܵȴҲֹֻ񡣺үѱɸ糾ŮӣܵòԷʵ⡣
һУԼĻҪɱԷˣЩ˶Գ֮͢ĽأҲ밲϶տûбˣΨԼ
Թ˵ĺ밲˷ţľ¥̨ȥæ½󣬷˷ͷϵڣų֣Цŵӭȥ
ľҼɵˣ
ľҪ¥Ǻ밲Ц㻹أһүʲôãҪˣͲǵóҰ飿
밲еȡžĴ򿪣˼£ôϺ繻˵ģɫһ˵ʲô壬齭ţŮ飬߰˻ģҺ밲ӣ
ź밲һģľЦӯӯ˵˵һүݣһģҲ߽ӡˣ߲߽Ҳ˵ģԺлᣬ㻹Ƕϳϰɣ˼Ըոүͽأ벻ûкȾƵǮ
밲¶ӣһãЦһﾪˣǺǣľȥ¥̨ϰɣ룡
ʱʮµѮڵش̱ľɽһѩѾ¡ʱˮ̣ˬĺв޺⡣еԵʣϵδе٣ҲǴĵţ˸еʡ
һֽ£̲꣬ʱкԾˮ棬һ˻ٿȻӰ沨΢΢ζѭŷĹ켣ںҷС
һȺӹͷԶӰ¸ֵһȥ
ûкһдʱƽûпˣûȴ½صΣֿ̤ʵصĿǿҡֻ²ͣЪĺϱӣ˶½صڴľȻһЩĪ㷲
ǿˡ
һƬȺһͷĵͣ
ߺбһʮС洬һƬӳڸߴïʢӰУ̵
ѭŰɫĺ̲ͷȥУԶĵ졢̣纣׾
ͷջţõľ忩֨죬Щĵӽסݺݲ˼£˦˦ԴȷԼվȵˣҡˣɵɵЦˡ곤Щĵӣǻǻ겻ѡ仹ҡεĻþĸоã
ϴɽ˺̲Ѱеĳߣϴ̴ĲԱ⣡
֮紾񣬺ϵĵҲõһƬȺ˴Ե֪
ǰһʮĺȺһҲǾۼһµĵ˴ʮԶҲɢһЩС塣ЩеҪԴΪũɣ𣣬ҲԸ㡣
ƬԶ볾͵ȺԻǵͣĵ˽ǵ
˳֮е죬ǣ״ҲǸģ˲²֮ࡱֱ֮Ϊ̰ǡԵʡ֪ϵֻǵõһ֣˽յǵˡ
˵ֵ⡣Ⱥǲ״У˹ʡӿϺֻúôѰһɳ̲˯һ̤ʵһûеΣ
˿أµ˽ԵǵǽҲ͡
һЪ֮أϰⲻҪϴЪϢһҪûһЩд֮
һʱ֮û뿪طǣɽ̶ڴ˴ա

ڶһ磬һéУ߳Ԫֵܶˣÿжһֻӣ̵غĹ֭
֭ĺúȣԪҡͷ̾
ԪٺЦ˽ΪҬʱһЩźãҿǺȹ˴ϵˮˣ
Ԫһ֭꣬δ¹ǣĶӣصͷ˵ʦ֮ϵˮֻ꣬ܽʳˮȵˬڵĹ֭úأߣֵĴһ£ʲôóԵûУ
ԪӱϳȥԪ̸ֵеؿöӱҲֳβ͡ŻڵǰһȦ񫣬һӺóԵĹӣɫˣȥ
һСһɽ£ֵܶۿҪǰڵĺ̲ϣȴͣһֻСһЩɵ˸߲ҵϴ
ֵܶк棬˹ȥȺϵӣżʦѵСϡԪЦǺǵĴʵλʦҪȥﰡ
˷ܵŪŴԪʻЦҪڴ˴أҵȱȥϿλʦҪȥ𣿺βһͬȥƸʰ
ֵܶӷأǾͽʦԼλʦֵܵĹˣԪ۾ҪϴԪЩɵ˵ʦ֣ûʦͲ˼ҹ
ԪԪôһ˵ͣЩЦʦϳϺȥԾأαȥ˼أ
Цλʦ̫СˡϳѽˣֻҪ뿪ǵɣοҵҲ͵ܵģûǱˡ˵ţСǰһ׳ԡ
׳ӸӲߣʮģúܽʵˮ⣬ɫغ񣬼ʿֻǺЦЦ
һŲʦ𣿿ߣߣһ˶ˣزµġԪ̧СԪСҪߣҲæ˹ȥ
˶˴ҡ֡Ҳ̰ƵģϵĴС÷ɿ죬߲Զĺʻȥ
ÿһϵķ羰ǲͬеĵϹʯᾣеĵ滨أеϳ˹еĵϾȫǰɳ̵أһƬĽʯ
ƬȺҲֻ߸ɣԲʮĺϣСС¼ʮСıǵСĲסˡ˾סʮΪɵҪȥ
ǰͷЧߡôһǵϵӴ붼˳ȥɽʼЩģ˵Ƭڰﲢգ뵽ЩҲڴϱƾˣʵ÷һˣǣԵǵľֹ֮֮ˡ


236 
ΧŵתôһȦҪǽʮСҪ³羰㲻һ֮صˡеĵѳɫδСظϣе˲
Щĵӳִ󷽣ǵӣǽЯƷЩҡֵҲϲЦտһҲ˻ˡȸǳСҲģôҲţѧżݴһ·ϴֵЦϡ
һùٴ̤Сʱ֪䣬һ¸˺棬ɺҪظȥǸȰ˵ǾͽϰЪϢһ
ȱŴֲ֣ߵֹһ䣺˼СǴյĹûˣҵջȥѽ
һͬʦܽ޲ɣԪֵܶҲ˵ȥȹЦţҡǰʻȥǸһʵλֵҪȥδ
ȴǰһָʵǰǴ֣
ʱϷƽ˾¸ԼɼǰԶһ
ͷ˵ƾ
Ƶ֣Ǹǵֺ࣬ҵȥǸϹҹȹһЦҡֵּ˰ѾСڻˮУǰš
ǸּǵϱĹأԲ֮ҹλֵܻǿЩɣȥǡ
ϲͣԼݴһ°ȻԸͣûΪȻЦʱϡƽ˾ҹдĺʱΪδĹأ֡
ڵĹǲΥģ˭֪ôشأһʱ֪ǺãЩ˵汲ĻܲģҵȻǿɣ
ʦ֣ҪλһذɣﲻαһЦ
ȹЦλȻ˵Բ֮ҹ֪ܳɼѵģ˵
񺩺ЦЦЩ˵û˸ΥصģгߣҲԲ֮ҹģҲ¡汲Ļܲɣ
ˣλǣǰƾҲԶһ㵽ˣֱѰɱȵģСҡ÷ɿ죬ͬһںϻУƿɫ˻
ϽˣԻȲסԪխĴУǸ񣺡˵磬ǵ汲ǾµʲôȺ˲Υ
費סȣЩһҲˣԶغֻܰ棬ǧʲô⡣ԪԴ룬ЩǸЦôˣƽҲ⣬λֵ͵ҵһ벻ˡ
ٺ٣ûʲô벻ҲˣСҲʰˣԪƽЦ
һЦǵǸǷֱͷǵǰƾ£Լ벻汲ĴԣЩЦԼ𣿱ǶĿ˻ۣǶ飿
СֱǰУǰԶƾҲ޼ʵĴ󺣡ɫ£ԣ׶Եأ
Ǻǣˣˡ
СϵˣޱߵɫʱͻȻ˷ܵؽϵ˿ԼֽЩڳԵ˵汲µô˵ģǡ޶ˮ³ǣɻᱱȥ֡өС
ôһ°Ǽ޶ˮ³ǣɻᱱȥөС˵ľʲô˼Ҳû˵Բ֮ҹܳһԵԪЦҡҡͷ
ԪǸһҲ벻ͨ⼸仰ĺ壬ֹţŤͷǰȥ˵ʲôס쿴ʲôá
Сǰ棬ƽĺϣ֪ʱһУͬѿһŴ죬С
ͻСϵ˾ʧҡСҪܹͻУȻˣݴҲǳѧģ̸죬æ֮ʱСһͷС
УԪȷֺϵ״Ҳ죬һץסǸ񣬱ӴԾ¼˼СȻת֪æҪΪʱ
ԪڰнԶһףǺˮ޴ӽֻ˫ִ̤ܳԶǸһǰһ䵽˺С
ˮԲҵˮѸ򰶱ȥһˮһ߻ͷСûӰȴǼԪˮֱڡ
Ԫ粻ϰˮԣ͹˼ںˮŵæţһòε˰ߡ
˼Ǳ˰µĻͷȥǸлڣôһĹʮɴС
ܺˮתţо»Ҫ¹ɽȥһ͸ԵĹ졣
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˵磬ʲôأǸڽʯϿͷֹﻹдʣءԪЩһƬʯڣ࣬滹ôƽֻǰ治ԶǸУ˲
أôϢûˣȥôʦ
ԪЩɥѰ˿ʯͷ£֪ΰοǸֻɵɵĶǸתݵĴ
ʦְǧҪԪԽǵʱͻȻ۾ֵֻǸУٿȻɳһĺӰڿлʮԶ顱һںϡ
ԪվŴͣĿⲻ˼һ죬ͬ쾪е磬ǲĴֻǣϵȥˡ
¹£ʮԶĵطϤСˮϣڻĻζš
ֻǣӰޣǱһ˼ʻС
һпԪҲ޷£ıʱ쬵ģ


237 һ
ɵĺǵĵա
ԪʧǵĻصǵϡҹϻɵӵʦǸ˵ɶҲԸŴ֮£ֻõȵʱŻ
ԪӻϤʧٺ󾪣æҵϳͨ˴¡ʱг˵¶Ѵǵ
һڣ˾ۼһ𡣽϶䣬ޱַ룬Ԫ˵ҹıʡ
Ԫ罫ľ˵һ飬µһԲҶԡ
а̾һСҲЩ˷˼Ƭ̣Ԫʵл𣿡
Ԫǰһҹʱչбʧˡ뼸λʦֵֻ棬һðֵһЩʱʦҪȥƾʱӦǺʱˡǸУӳʧҲһʱʹǸ磬Ҳ֪򡣡
Ǽ󣬳˼еĳѯʣ֪Թǵϵ񣬱ҹдķףǴµҲģȴ֪⡣ƾǵˣǵҲжʮԶס˺٣ּһƬٴ󺣣Ͼк״ǱҲ
˸еʧʱĳ˵游˵ԲǼգǵҲ޹ʧٹһЩˣǲҹд£֪ˡ
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Ԫɽ֪ˣ缱תǿԼͽܰʦͽ縸ӣһٵġ
ǹ˼ԼݣӶܾһôԼӵӳһˣ鷳¶ôأ֮ƣǵȴʱƬ鿴һ
ԪӼ˽ǳ棬֪һʱҲͽˡԽԽԽԽήҵԪ磬һȥסԪĶ䣬ͽܶźУСӣһʱסһ˰ܾ鷳ʦи̵ģĲ㡣
ϣʦЩ¶ҰܲʦĴԼɣ˼Ҳ֪ҲǸءʱҲֻǸ书硣Ҫ֪ʦֵǶ书˭֪˭֪ˡʦ鰡
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ɽȰ֮ʱȴ뵽Լͽ֪ס̾˿
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Ԫ粻ɵԹʦСʦδأ
ʦͽԻҲǰͷһ·ԪеСʦ˭ȻҲֻ֪ǣһʱǣҲһˡ
ϱҹȥƾƬ̽򣬱ϾûףҲóȻ¡²ΪѾ⼸ӡضУСʧ󡣿Ҫһڣࡣ
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һ˱չأû˺˼ȥءԪĻһĪչˣԼͬ뵽һ
СӶչˣҲУȥԪӴӵ۵һ仰󣬵ͷߡûںϵţǽҲַ룬¶΢ɲĵЦ⡣
һƵܵ˺ϣԪһķǰǳ£ӸҪţ֨ѽžԸˡ
Ԫһ㶣һ
һϹŵЦݣӭ˳
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ĪǷʲô룿Ȼ곤ȵĵʦ֣ǲʧ̬ġ
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һԪӼ࣬㽫ҹ˵һ顣
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һĬǼԺ󣬵˵ͷʵô˵
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СӶû¶ˣֻ뿴ɶ仯ˡˣҲ̤ʵЩԪ֪һڰοڰ֣ʾԼ޷
һ룬˵¶ѣһлȻʣʦ㰲ıǣõȴҹɫ٣ڱȥƬ򿴿
ǰҲ¶ѣʿУ쳾ʮĹ϶ǵָһӼˡԪӷ̾һ߳š
ִ֮ԪӵĻһЩԼԣæ⣬ϵһЩ
˱߱˵º˻ϵһ𣬸Ժ˼Ԫ½ҹ˵һ󣬱һ£СƾƬʻȥ
еֻнԪӣмԪˡȥ˶Ҳûô߽غںǵϡ
Ȼʣϴϰϰϱ̲Ӱ涵ĺɳΧԶ䣬羰ˡڲµһҲΪ֮һ
ʱС㵽Ƭµĺ
Ԫָ£һ뽭ϵˣһС˵СҲһƬЩĽʯˣȴ;ƾ;УΪƬڡ
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һվһʯϣѭԪָǰȥĺˮγӨԶտ䡣ʮСһףɢڼʮ﷽Բĺϣ羰
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238 ̽
ʱ·ϣԪ뽭ϱѽǵϵĴԼףһһ֪ͬģһҲһͷˮ侳ûһͷ
һ룬ʶ̽ȥԪ˼Ȼڴ˴ʧģˮĪǲʲôˮֲɣˣ⼸ˡǵȴʲôˮ֡Ϊû˼ˮ֣汲ҲصĴ¡
ˮʲôأڵˣһ뷨࣬´ˮʲôֻǲ˵ڰˡ
ףˮһʶɴʮ￪⣬Ǻˮ߰ﴦǿԿģѽʶչˮȻһƬɣ̽ǳ⣬ˮǳһЩζӰҲûСŹ֣
һˮһ̽ȴȰ˵βóȻˮʮֲǡ֪ԷǺ⣬ס˺棬ֻҹɫ١
ֵѿз֣һߣЩε˵ϷʶһֵѵΪ˵δ˰
Сϵ˶˵һɫĿź档һܺ󣬳彭ҡͷЦ˵ǳϺȰºһ̽ˡ
ϵͷ˲Ϊ԰ܴеο
ҹʮʮʮģǵӦ飬ҹǸеģʱ̽Ҳٰ
һüһ˵ô˵ҲǸˣ
Ȼǵ汲ģܲǿѨ磡аϷЦţݳָңָ˵ֵ뿴С׹
ǰڵĵطӵ׿ڡɼǵйذһͷ˵
ֵԴƣָࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢⣬˱ǡ̰ǣıʲôֵѿ֪˫Ŀ䣬ԡ
ԣһǰһѿ˵ĵһǼƾʵ⵺ָ˼Բ֮ҹƾ
ȴһֻ뵽ǵ²ǰƾӦȡе֮⣬ҪһӦ֤һȴûϵԷһñԶ
ת֮䣬ϺǺЦֵǲ˼ݰ
һ¶ϲɫȴΪԷɫʵĪǣԢ⣬ͽ̣
ԣһǵĽȴЦһͣ漴Ц˵ԢϷҲ֪

ҹɫ٣һա
һһգڵʱ֡
ʱչ˱һ뽭Сϣ飬עƽĺ档
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תͻȻһɵУת죬ѸΪһʮɴϸĺĿ
ϵĲⲻͣٿʧӰ١ſ˴ڣھʳ֮⻪
ҵ찡ôˣ
ԪӾֵصɴ۾ʯϵ˽ǲ飬ΩһɫĿһУҲ
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ʦܣʦôˣԪӾ̾󣬲ɵÿߵһҹ󣬻ֻɵ˲Խɣ˭֪ԷֻĬĬվƶǰ޶ԡ
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Ȼ֪һʺ£ҡͷ̾ΣϷ򿴲
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һ˰գµθǿϵУжʮɴ֣ϸҲʮɣ׵һ𾪣˺֮ġ
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һԼʶҹµ׾Īǵ˵ģ⺣ˮ滹һһʲôĳʲôں׾סأԪ༸˻᲻ᱻ뵽˳У
ٶҲãȥһ˿߶ܹϣһеϷλ׹
ʯ˴ʧɫҪʼɣԪѼô󺰣ʦܲҪգ
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ֻǣ⾮Ǻˮȴһء
ȥңľ棬ڵãһƬĹâ棬ֵ
һͣΣŵײԶʮɴϸľڣ̧ͷȥϷ˸ӳյܹ⻪쾪ˡ޴µıɴҪһ㡣
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һţҪɳȥѡ԰󣬴ͷȥʱɵõɴ۾


239 ˮ³
һƬģĳ򣬳һĽ¡¹Уɼֵ¥̨ʽķݣӦоУΪϽɫʯͷ졣
ʶвĳ򣬻һ˺һᡣ׾ôһƬ򣬴˴Ǻڣ
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Σһ˫̤˽ֵϣ˿ǻ̹һֵͷɫʯ̾͵ֵ죬Щ̧ͷ
ôһУʱҹ˵ĳûʲôֱ𣬿ʶУȴûһӰһõķȴǾǰ
һԽ䱸˿⡣
ֵྻ޳Ԫ˵ټδȥѰأʶѭųĽֵȥһ¶Źֵɫƽʶɴʮ￪⣬ȴֻܵԶ
һ°ͣ˼һᡣ̧ͷͷʮɸߵǸγɵľȻ˴Ƿ¡Ī󷨣ֻ󷨽ƣʶȻɵĺף赲ʶ̽飡
ˣʶϾáָδѰԪأԼһֿڣֱֵԶȥһŤͷ˿󣬲ͷ
ֿڵĵ䣬һߴϸʯͬһ㣬ֱָСһзۣ˺ϸϸʯ
ʯΣϸа˾ɸߡʯʯӨף»ѭжµ¹⻥ǣš
һ֮£ȥʯϡ˲䣬һ֮Ϯֱһ£æơһ棡һʱҲŪԭɣɴ಻ȥĥôѰˡ
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ǰΣһʱҪѰǼʧٵĵӣЩˡһٵ飬ʩչһǰۡʶܼԶڰҲãҲΪ٣ڴ˴Ѱ˸պá
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һӵʾţȴǲͣһĴСתһ飬ѾȥһʱȻûԪ༸˵Ӱ
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붨һ׳ɴϷȥʮɸߵ񷶥ת۱㵽˸ǰ
һҪܳǸʱͻȻĺæֹסΡ
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ȥֱͣһŤͷȥôɵĹʧӰ١
εҡҡͷһԪڵϣ˱ɴЦʦǰ·
Сʦ尡Ҿ֪˼һҵġʦզˣ˼ûɣԪһߣֺǺǵģһǳ
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СʦһԺǰԪЦػͷʾ⡣
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ǰһԺ䣬ԺǽݽʯͷɣʯʯҲˣ͹ӣ֪Ѵ˶á
ԺӣԪȴͷ߽һӣľϣˣһԵϻһˣŵӡ
ʧٵ˹ȻڣʹһԿ뿪ˮ³ǵҲɢࡣֻУԪ⣬˽ˡô˵ģˤģ
֮˼һϲɫ˽ζܳȥڼ⼸Ҳ˵ҹһС
ûܼʱС漴Уǿ˲㽫˦Сͷת֮ʱϡͿıˮ³ǡ
Ǹи漸ʮɣˤҲѰ֮䣬ԪĵأȴȻ¡̧ͷͷ£ȥȣһʱȵùֻƶŲǿнµˡ
æʱԪ༱ǣж˵׹֮ơ
ȽԪʩչṦʱֻŤ˽סںµŵӣûôõˣһǱˤȣǴ
һˣһֺ֮󣬴߲㣬ֻþͽ˸ԺӣҰ
ֻʣԪһȽģڳҹһҲѰȥ·ֻûյһĥȥķӡ
ʲô÷أһգҲֲˮ³ǵʱ˱˯һᣬԪЩڹΪֱȼҪߣҲ࣬Ͳסӳ鿴ʱҪ뿪һ
ǣԪĺҲ˷еļˣȱҲæ˳
˽ǵˣҵҩ޴󰭡ʹԪԭɣ䱾¶֪һȴ
Ԫؿڵķֻǰȵڣһơ
Сʦ尡˵ǹŹ֣ټһ򣬷ݵǺܶ࣬ȴӰҲûУûûȵģҵȸγȥأԪʵ
δ֮ãһһϣָߵӵķ֣ơ졣ȻӲѰľƣɼʵ¡ɵϲ̸ӵֻһűһߣǽڽྻ⻬ûбڻԭ˾סֻǣЩȥˣ
Ԫʻһջ˼弸˵⼸Բ֮ҹϻγɡʱҴ뿪ǡڴһգҪߣ⣬ȥ￴


240 
СʦҪţԪҪһͬǰȥ
һȰ裬ʾԪżˡǰͣ½ŲóһС̳ӾֵЦһˮδ˶Щˣû뵽ʱоƺȡ
ˣǷһ̳Ӿưһһ仰Ц߳Ժӡ
һֵϣʶɨ˴ԺӣտյﻹӰһӵҡͷǲ򵥣֪󷨵Եʣǽ췿ʯϵɣƭʶ̽顣
ʱĽֵϿգããһƬʱĹĿӫζ졣
Щӫ˽ֵɣʮɸߵ񷶥һƬ赲һʶڽʯϿףӦһĻ󷨣ʶ롣
տĽֵϣһ־šʽԺֵԣеͼӣеͥԺ¥ܡصˣҲиߵ͹ֵ֮ġ
һŲߣˮ³̾ѣҲֻзˣд˰ɽı°ɣЩԺδȥ˺η
ͷһǵ
Ǽ޶ˮ³ǡɻᱱȥөС侳֪Ԣأһжˡ
ǵ⵺ƾԲ֮ҹִˮµĳ򡣶סˮ³ǵǣƼȥˣֻʣ¿ӰĽֵϣӫ趯
ǵǣڵʱĿȥʱ龰ˮ³ǵЩ
һҡҡͷ׷Щû壬֪ǣЩȥˣıΪҪȥ㲻ˣҲǴͨߣˡ˴ˮ³򣬱һ֤
˵ľ֮βúÿأ
һһߴԺǰͣ˽ŲԺŸߴɣȴ޵ΣԵùӴ󷽡
ڶԺǰɣһ˽ȥÿһβ鿴ڼ쳣Ρ齡ܶѣ׾ӼҵЩ
вʣһϸϸÿһͼƬֵֻֽĺۼѰ⴦ˮ³˿
һʱȥˣһȻһվһ¥ĻǰЩ㬵ؿԺԶĽֵȳķݣ¥ȻߵģԸط˴ľסߣӦǳݵˣѵʱ֪ˣŽһĸɸɾ
״ǰĸ¥طҲŴȴЩ֮⡣ںδһֻܲ⡣ӻŮסģͬС¥ɣΪٴһľϣڷһ߲ͭͭ
һͭƴͭһ⣬ֲãԼյӰһܽػΪΣǷгͭΪ֪ͨǰ˴һŮƾױֻǣͭڣã
ͭΪѲµʴҲǱһԵɰɣŴҾ췿ݵʯϽԷѰһĵطһͨͭҲȤ
ͭ£һ룬һУֽͭ˾ӵˣմԵ˵ܲü߰ɣǡ
һ¸¥ЩŵĻͷ˿ټԺӣôߵĸ¥ûл﷿ûлݣûˮéҲûšסĵطпһ˳ȥֻǳԺţһգֽ˸һҵԺӡ
߶ҡңһæýŲմء
ʱҲȥյĹˣռŵĽֵ¶һӰϴŲʵ飬ЩεĿϡһֻյľƺֻƱѰôõΨһջ
ƺƱ˰ƳɣӨ͸ǾͬǷвһ˿
еľƺƱһҡҡͷǰôһƬݣǽȥŶҲһģʱûɶջ񣬽ȥҲǰ׵󹤷
һ˴ŵ뷨ֻ֪ص˽ֿڵǸʯǰ
ʯĴţ޵ӫɣ㣬Ʈɢֱ
һΧʯת˼ȦҲȻһ󷨣ʯӦһĶ⾿ʲôŹأʶ̽
˭֪һ֮£һŵšź˼͵ҡҡԴЩļµĿǰʯոˮ³ʱʯδʲôֻ֪е֮˳ܲˣδʶвʲôԵĵط
ɷʶʯ鿴ʱ澹̺žΰҵһʶݺݵص
һʯﾹž޴ʯɣܽ˰ߡֻˮ³ʧȥ󷨵ķ̼ᱻˮû뵽˴һӣԳƲƲ죬ǲҪۿΪã
ٴʯ⣬һ̧ͷˮǲ񷶥ͷѹһƬ󺣣ðҡͷʱҲˣʵʵڴ˴гְɣ
һԼƿ󷨣ͱʲôҲġҪͱ󷨵ķˮһѹʱ˻֮ߣԪ˵ѱˡ
صǸֽǵԺֻ뼸˽ǵʦֵܣһԺ˵Ц
һЩͷԣؿһСѽŲ˹ﻹǸ˽ŵӡ
һҵҪѰʸأǸõط
һ弸˴˸кɺʵʲôȲˣ
ߣһҲȥˣæ֡Ԫ˹Цʦ˵Ĳ˼Сʦ廹û
һͷ˵˵˽շȬҲ鿴ᣬֿǶһֻţλƸ
£ֵĽ˵Ķ̵ĹڣƱ˴أһ̳ӾƿûЧģ˺鵤ҩ
ȵشЦһ£˵ҵֻѰҩĹЧֻǽԺӺʦֵϵ۱⡣һʱģû⡣˭뵽ҵĽ˾ȻˣʦܵĶϽҲ˴룬ʦҲµŲˡҵʣֻǲ֪Ϊλˣⲻ𣡲һС̳ӾǺúȣеˣҼ˷ֵأ
˴ĵطȥˣҲ֪ԭ򰡣ˣ˭֪ںηҲأƣһУǺզ죡һЦҡҡͷԺĴ߽֮ӣϸϸ鿴˼ɹǸľ齡
Ⲣ쳣Ƶĺתȴģ﾿кιŹ֣һǲ²ⲻ
ѵӫһ˿˿£һҡҡͷšˮ³ǲãеֳӫУ΢ֻǳôһĵط˼Ķ̫࣬һһƽϡ
Է棬ȴҲôͼӰģȻ뷿ǶйءЩݼȻƭԼʶ˵Ϊ֪֮أ
յĹһֻصԺԺǽɫʯͷԪ˲ԣֻһ˽²Ŵ˵صɡ
˭ܲ³˵صɣҲǰ׷˼һҡͷԺǽǰֱԺǽȥ
䡱һŵȼȴҿֻԪСʦ壬


241 ȥ
ЩεĿеֿ˿ԺǽһԸֳ̡ô󶯾ûͨԺǽֺԼոմӵͷءڰ֣˵ûµģֻ뿴ǽͷʵʵ
һѿǸľ齣֮췿ݺǽͷЩɫʯͷȴеһ㡣Щʯͷã˵ʲôҲҪ˼ߡˣڵ˵ƻָ죬еԵִӺ
һǽͷģ˭ЩʯͷӲ˹һ£ʯͷֻǳһĽۣǽͷް䲻ұˡ
˵ĿһǣϽɣꡢꡱæһĹϳһɫʯͷЩʯͷӲ֣òײһ
̧ͷԪȵһĺ棬һЦЦ˵
⴦ˮ³ǣӦɴͨɵ֪Ҳ֪꣬뿪˵غûȬ٣ЩйءЩݽɵ˾סĵطѰľȵġֻǣɫʯͷҵǴδ֮һ鿴ѣ
Сʦ壬ʯͷкģԪ˵ű֣һҲ⣬ʯͷ˹ȥ
˭֪Ԫɫһ䣬æ׹ûʯͷȥʯͷڵϣȻ̾ϣʯͷ²ǧأ
Ⱥʤ𣬴źɵҲ˹˫ǽʯͷȴ֡ͨһ˫֣ǺƤЩڵЦԪʦǺ벻ôһ鲻۵ʯͷ˵ĳء
ôСʦأԪ൹ǲΪЦ
һǳȥȺɣٴ˳ȥʱûܾȵҵȡһʰʯͷһǿɫʯͷûӰǶֶ̣ȵ˻ǲΪ˲Żı¶档
ŵ·Щ˻ţֿڡ±治ҹ磬ֻͷʱгֵһ̡

һʱ󣬼žˮ³ϷȻâҫļֻƬ̣񷶥Ȼһ»к£ֱֱӳڽֿڵʯ֮ϡ
ȺõԪˣϲ֮໹㵣Ŀͷ״ʯԾһվĿȵضʯšѿˣʯǣ󷨣񷶥ͨγɺϵС
ʯǺö治ʯǶ󷨣òߣ
һЩϧƿĿ⣬СֻǼϢĹкµ»ʯΪһ塣γɵʮɴֵľڳ񷶥֮ϡ
ʱعͨ뿪ˣ
ÿֻܴˣ
һһץŵӣ̤ƣֱڶȥеľ޴һͣ
ҵһХһӿ߶±ɴ֮һ£ٿطȥ
˲䣬һ˺棬һץŵԾУ˰С
ˣһЦһĿȥֻ²꣬һʯӰζ
ôˣһ΢Цƣŵɫ԰׵ĵᶪ£ѯԪӺͽʾ⣬˵˾䣺λúˣ滹ˣ˵ִ꣬С
һеȫ˳ƣ˽ʯ֮ϡδվȣԪԪһѳסϲԽЦҪʦܳаһлðɣ
ôôˣһʾԼ£ֺʵ
ʱĽʯվˣɺͲ׺ĵӣǵϵ񡣱ʯͷҲ˹ûʲô˹עȵĵӣĿһϣһЩе񻹳ͷ
ǺǣζʧӰһȥﻹðȣⲻͶˣԪЦǺ˺롣ͽܵʧ׮£Լʦܳȫأá
һ뽭Ϻͱ˺һ󣬲֪ҹҹһһšк㲻ͷԪӱû뿪һﶼڽʯϡ
Ҳżˣһ⣬׺˴ǰټϵĿڿഫ֪Що˴ڡһӣǵϵҲסˣ׷Ƭţڴ˵ټ
ԪڽʯҲΣû˸ºһֻ̽ôţڴ漣֡ҹʮʮ壬һն죬ֻܼϣڽҹٴγˣʱһʧٵĵӷأ
ԪǼһģҲ뷨ɻг⣬һĻزˣҪôȥ
ˮ³ǣһҲûֻǲ˵ʲôԪȼߣҲʡȴһ鷳Ƕǵһ˵ǣƵ飬ǻɣû˸ȥˮ³һˡ
֮оգǵĵ峿ɵĺ뿪ǵ
¥֮ϣһķڣϲ
ԽϵĵһЩ죬Ц£˵£
ϰڰ֣ЦҾߣҲö߶߶ֵֻһֱչأϷ򲻺ţ˵ţóһѷɽŵϣʾϴǸŵķɽȡˣ뿴
ҲȱɽõģǽŰɣһƳһϵķɽΪ˵
ָϵķɽŵ˵Ʒֵܶʯġֵѹ治ģ
Ŷ¶Է̫ϤϿɷͽһһɽϸϸƷҲ֪Щȴ֪֡
УߵΪ뾭鲻ͬٴһЩ覴á覴õĶѣŷĳɫʩչĴСʿЩΪƷÿƷие֣֮ʶЩȫƾʿļʶ۹ж
Ͻӹһеķɽ˵㿴ѷɽӦӢʯһЩϡпʯƣǶһЩٿصķ󣬹ƷӦƷϬ֮ķȴǲ㡣ʴˣѷɽֻƷͽ׵ķ
ѷɽǺεƷأһóǰѳ׽̵ֽӡ
ѷɽӦг׾ƷԴֲڣӦΪƷɽǶеһ淨ǲףƷеĸ߽׷ˡ
ϽѷɽϣЦĪ֣Щ
һҡͷЦЦ£óһѺϮ˵С˵ǳϿѷɽƷΣϺεƷأ
˫Ŀһӹ̾
ҲֵЦϷ٣ֻǼʩչʱ佣жġ㿴ɽâԾԾɱȻȻǷɱȵģϡ֮ƣûиǧʯǲɵðֻǣɽƷϷҲּһ¡̾жһķзȤֻǶԷóҲſڰˡ
ŽϰֵģزӦǼģѰʿѵõΪޣӴҲѰԴ˼ʶҲΪˣΪˣһ⣬طĵ伮ɹľͺˡ
Ͽʶһóǿɫʯͷ


242 
棡ǳأѴӺδģϺؽӹʯͷ´š
ǵˮ³ǡ˼ҵǽͷźòŪһʯͷЩһȻ˵
ϳ죬Թ˵ҡҡͷһŴųɵĿ˵еʯһɳʯϷҲ˵⾿ǺζԶ϶
һƤһգⲻɶҲû˵ʯͷЦЦ
ԷЩʧ飬ЩǸȻ̾ϷҲɰ꣬һܼһЩɾͺˣ
뿴ʯͷкιأһ˼ĵͷκһɵĵ̶ǲСģˣɽӦҲ⡣
꣬Ϸֻǵ͡ϵ˼ƮԶˡ
ʮ˾ʱͬڲſһԶ⣬ǧ֮˴ġȱĵҪ˵Ķ࣬Ͼɵ
ǣĽϣڴĵһɼ壬ĻᡣУ߱ȱȽǣЩеĳߣԼţԱԸõ
Ǹʱ򣬽֪סΪˣģȴޣֵԵʣջûܻýŵʸ
ϲģǸɼп˱ǼʮȥˣΪȻ΢
ۿĺϣ˹֪֮;Ҫ޹ˣ㷵˴̡˵˾ٲ޷֮⡣
Ĳɼ壬ɢ޴ڡҪһ;ΪҪŲźá֪۴С䴫СЩ޲ǧꡢ书伮Ϊ߳߸Ǿ޾סелϹɽšҲֻмţܽӴЩ֮أʶͬдӡ֤֮£Ϊܸһ㣡ɵ֮;ϣҲߵøԶ
̾˿ַ룬˫Ŀһ˵ҲգˡмŵĻᣬǧҪصϷľ·
һɣ˵ıҪһ˵һ䡣
ȻҪ۾һɣЩϵسԵɣǿɫʯͷ㻹ͷ󷨡ҩ֮ĵأɴмȡ裬𣿡
һ׶ԷΪǿʯͷڻأϿңɫ˵ϵĽԣСӼˣ
ҳճ˼԰ɣְҲԼЩһº͵Ц
һյΪˮɵ顣ʴˣ϶һû˵ٻǰˣ;ߵøԶˣ˭˵ɱûкôأ
֮ʣԪʦͽ˽Ҳڣæִݼ
֮ϣһ⣬ϲϲ˺ѣ뿪
һŵǰѷɽ˹ȥдһ£ϲ̵ĽУҲûãʱһСʯ
еʯһתЦǺǵؿԪʦͽкɣ
ԪӺԣͽȴ񲻺£ԪǰЦСʦݹֵ֪õɶöˣ
һеСԪζһ£Цԣ˵Ҳûã㲻ġ
ٺ٣Сʦ˳󣬸Ը˷緶ˣԪҲŸ
һüͷһ壬ЩѵؿԪֵ˵Ҫǻƽƣ仹û˴أ
ž
뷭˲ɣԪüĿһӣʹһҲǲĿ
Ԫѵͽܣȴһ¶Цݣ漴ҲǿЦҡͷ˵˵ʦܰͱŪʦֶˣôҲǳǣתһ壬СӣܸʦģҪ֪ףûûСģ
ԪԪˣæſɫһ
һǺЦʦ֣ԭֵϰ˵ģʦֵԵʶ˱֣ȴ˴˵Ľһãˣʦһ㿴Σ
˵ţһóһƺֻƱ͵Ԫӵǰ

ǵǧһԲǧĴ󵺣顱鵺ںڶ࣬뺣ʢ顢뱦ʯϺиɽΧƣɽïʢ֮ˮݺᣬһɽˮ䣬羰ĸ֮ء
鵺ϣһһ򣬱ֱΪ뱱ǣҲǳеԱＯɢͷ
ռʮŸߴΡ룬ɽơǰСС٣ʯĽֵһ̯һӳſһֱ쵽Զͷϡġɽġҩġġʱʹģܵĸʽ̡̯̯ߺȽ˷֣УһѰļУ˺ӱǵĴڡ
ʱչ
ſվ彣ˣظͦø߸ߵģϴűĵ飬ش
վסһŵӵɽǰһŵȶһ¡
ǰˣһǸݶˡ°ͣǰһ˱ŵò֪ɽǰߵɽҰҲҪǣĪǲ֪ǵĹأϽ̯㣬˽ֵȥȥһȥ
㲻סģ
ŲԶһ̯ӺߣһƤڣͶʮӣֹһ䡣
꣡СЩˣһԵһϺһǸģӺֲĳһ۳Ŵ
ֺһҲû˵Сġ
Ϻӣ˪ģ˵çײ֪ЩΣȴֲĵ˵˵ӰӲŶð¶㶼ԺǳǴ岻˵˵զ죿Ҳտˣ
ųǰֺͬˣǽӵˣϺȰοֻеĲޡ
ڳǰǸɽӦǽͻģǫЦݣͣشҾͳӽǸˣŻĽ˳ǡ
˵˵ӣһ฻̬ͬЦʦܰԾƣ
ǸøӰӣŷཱུԲ˵Щ飬ﻹйʦͲļ
ʦȻһЦӴ뻳кǰı߰ͷʦܼͷ˵ҵŵӣۣܰأ˲ҲǺܺ𣡳ĺģǿ㿴ˮϲ
˰ʦ֣ͱ̭ˣǸԲʦԼĶӣЩԵõͦͦţǰʦ˵ģгкȵҲ
ʱ̯洫ޡһǸϺһŨ̵ͷŪ̯˵Щǲģ֣ҵĵӣ˵Ǳˣﺣǹܵġ˵鵺ϵ֣𣿿˲ã֣Ϸȥأ


243 
ȻΪˣΪλҪΪҵȣӵȻδ
ϺҰͣѵ㿴⺢ӣզôأ˵ĵδضˣҲҪҪȵġҵ̭࣬ýǰ̯ſڰڸ̯ҲˣÿεǮ㣬ͼ𣡡
ǵ󣬻Ҫҵƺһ䡣ϺҪѵ䣬ȴҰҰ죬Ҳ
һһڱʲôͷأľ̥ܣֻǳŵİ費ɣһѵ⣬Ϻһ̧ͷǺˣƲ˹
ϺæЦ˵Сֶ˵Щлˣҵλ˵ģ
ԲʦŶӣҲƵĸں棬ţʦɶˮأ
ӣָӶ䣬ϺĻšб۽Ǻߺߵʮڵķ紵ݶӲү϶һһ֣ңڱڮ֣Ӳɣ
Ϻŵһ£æҾС϶ڽҼֶһЩҶ֣кβ֮ģλ˿ɲԩСģ
Ǳһ㣬ָϺȵ϶磡㳰ЦҶҪҵΪ˲ʰƵģ͵ŤͷʦܣҵΪ㲻𣿾ʮڵĶʦܣ㿴ɶأ
ʦܻػѿԶһȺˣǰһ˲ϺʦܱſȥﻹֳҪһʺˣ
Ϻһ٣Щͷԣҵ飬̯棬ͷȥֻһ󺣴ոտ¼ʮˣųӦǹ·ͣ޵ġ
ϺҡҡͷĵЩҪùˣ
Щˣ׺һСǵĺ뿪ǵںʻգ鵺ںƯôãѵüһЩĸ壬һЩõĵӿغµʮ˽˰
ԪӵĴߴ٣һյȺĺ棬µĿ·Ե̯Ļѭͷʯףʰϣ˲ԶľˣÿŴ׹ּۻۣһЩڻ̯ϷϡС⡣
Щ̷ĿЩ죬пöҲЩͬںδͬһʱģһҲֻǣ˵ĵ̷ǽӵһʱ֮䣬Ľֵϣ
ͷĴСֻԼЩ̷Ľһ˴һҪӦǸǧڲһ󵺡
ǰͻȻĶʹһЩӷеС⣬˹ȥһҲں档
վסˣһźˣÿһӣȻ׼ǣһӣ˫ֲָʹˡ
ԲʦҲƤߺߵźöӣÿһӣ漴ЩĿʦ֣һǮ
ӣƲסеĵ⡣ƽÿһǮӵĽ˰󵨵ļӵһЩһ֪ǴԶĵطģＸҲ̫ԲԸˡ
ɽ˳ǰ˵Ҫȡ˰Щ⡣װɣҲûʲôֻҪĽ֪źáǣһԣź˵ĵ
ôкأǮ͸ҹһȥųҪɽҲǮҲֻǴżڳĶЩŭ˶ѣǵ죡ӻ־Ҫϡ
ɽüͷطô˲׵ıأԷţϸ֮ǰƽϡ˭֪֮ʣȼʦ裬ˡ
Сô˵˻أһڶ𣡡ͦɽǰűԼͷĺӣȺʾ˵
ߺǣ㵨ӲСɫһ˺һµؿȣŭЦ
Ȼӱǵĳǹߣ̢ʮ£ߣɱ⣡Сӣã
Ӻһ֣Բʦ˵ʦܣ˸ץȳʮ˵
ң۾һɣս˫ȭҲվһ𣬻ĿŶԷɽҲȴ곤㻢ֻȺĽϸ
ǸԲʦЩ죬˸ҵײʦֵܵģڱУ״ΡЩ˾ǺҲǷأЩɵĿʦ֣δ֡
ӼʦܵģһܻĴӻͳһŷдʺŷֽȼ˺ȵһЩҲҴ㿴кβҵġ
ԷӻͳȻԷҪ֣һͷһƻ˳ȥɽһæֹס֣ԷʵԷȻǲǵľֹ˫֮Ҳˣ
ԷҶ֣ǺһһȥһףмһҸָֻϵķֽ漴һ磬ȡ
һƻȴԷܣδУһͣʱװд󾪣Ҫѣȴǻʹͬסֽţסϡһˤڵء
һ·˵ļʶǲͬգȻԷǽˡȴδɽ뼸ͷ󾪡ôأسŵҲɵʵת
ȱڲֽŶãֻ˫ĿŭǸӡ
ߣԵ³飬С꣡
ӵҡŰӣǰָȺȵԹԵʦܳʮӡųɽָָ㣬˵⼸Ŀķӣÿ˸ʮϷ֮ͬ
ɵıŪʮأԲʦܲٲͷЩҪʦһˡ뵽˴һƤޣٻؽָȣ˵ʵſǿʯϣҪƨɣߣ
ɽһȴֻ򽭳ߵǰ


244 
һǰº䣬ҵҲԷͷһ̯ǰź棬ĵϾټʶǳЩ̯ɶÿġ
µҲߵɢϱԵеǰȥϳִżӽ˽Ų˹
ʶɨӣԽϳϼˣȭ˵λѣЩǽĳµӣе֮ຣ
ӼԷֶ˵ϻģҪȴԷƺеĲͬɵô׺
꣬ɫһ䣬һѳסűҪ׵ʦܣżЦŽϱȭ֣һΪʦֻ֣ͬڡֵ֣ܶӵܣڴ˵ֵǺǣλˡ֪δұкιɰ
֣ĺӣᵽ֣ʱΪԵáĿһ˿ɫһĹ˼ɣҲ֮ɢƬУû˸ҵ֣ҵأͷΪ߹ԼΣû˸ڱзģǲˣ
ѿԷΪδ˷ϣȴǸеռȻ֣ҲǸɼ塣
κһ嶼ǵģο֣ҵĵϣ»СΪ
ǺǣϷ֮⣬ֻ·˵أЪһλи㣡
Цݣֳֵ֣ܹ֡
֣ԽϵΪɵȴԷڳģɵʢҲǣԸſڣҲøſţǻҲøš˵úãǿѹͷأοﻹ֣ҵһĶֵء
ת˼£һַ֣Űӣ״ЩΪѵ˵ֵܲλӰλΥ˳ǹ棬ʩԱ̢̡֮飬ûԵķӡ
üʶ˵ŶкηӣѲ˵Щ˴ţҵȻԸ͵ģȨѡ
֣Ц°ͣװģ˵ѴԲӣ֮ҵкãֵڴ˵ֵҲ֮٣ŪСǮȾƣҸӰˡ
ҿǸˬˣѻֱ˵˰ɣҪҷĵҲԣʮʯʮӰɡҲͬÿϷʯȽǵĳ˰ÿһʯ
ڵ㱾ͬ˵ķϣֵܶ˱ЩҪĳ˰ˡٺ٣ҿɲ̫˵ţǵȰǮǶȻӵġ
ǸԲģ֣ͬʦܣȻŴͣŵؿԼʦ֡ţʦһӱռʮʯҪ֪Ϊŵӣһһʯ˻δڣʯҲûеġ
֣ͬеԼĿˮˣʮʯУԼܵõٷأ
ϵɫˣʯ࣬һΪ˴Ҳ͵õʮʯһΪС̰Ĳ㣬һӾҪеɵʯʮĻ۰ҶСӣͲ±
λѣ㵹ǻظҿǸӣɲɵģЩӦһѽ֣۹˸ţԲͷӡ
ϿЦҡҡͷƲ֣Ҳ˶թġҲԷǹѣôȥʵˡ
ԵϻǸе֣һϤ𣺡ʲôڣôû˵
ԣһɣЦߣԿɳ֮Ϊڡ
һȺ󿴵ŴΡʣȴԷѣô˶ڳŴҲǰ취ǣ߳
ԭˣ˵˱˳ˣһʵ
ַҡͷ˵ҲЩˣһͬﲻڵġ
һͷ뵱ǽңȵߣȥһץһϵμһץ顣
㣬ʲôˣ
֣𿴵һᣬȴͬɵˣΪ⡣俴ԷΪȴҲ϶ԷΪ߹Ǹ׺ͷȥͷ¶ˣٹ˼ԼͻСˡ
˭룬Է赭дرԼķ縿֣󾪣ʲôΪԼʦҲ·ˡЩԲ׼һͷæɫ۵ĺһɤӡ
ǸԲʦࡣһ뽭ϵĶԻ˼Է治ǹġ
ǰһֻڡȴ״μڵģһʱ֮£ûҪ򽭳ֽһ˭֪⼸仰ǷǸ֣ͬļɻ䡣
֣ͬѱ꣬ȴٳٽڡڻֱһָͬűһ㡣
ʱ֣ͬһˡҲǴˣ֪ԷΪ߹Լֻܵź޲Ҫ˶Է񣬽ԲʾԼĵķ޺ޣ
ǰֵܣһԷ͵һЦ˵ҵȽͬ·ģҲ˴˳ǵĳǹ棬ֻǴ˵һӸǰˡλֺ붯ŭأǱҪʮʯ²Ǵ˳ǵĹذɣУ˳ǵĳ˰һǮӣǿһȻˣιҪڵҵأҿ±˰ˣ⻹жʮӣλȥȱ裬ǳμһΣ
֣һĻƤøˡԷ֪һǮӵģʮҪɼʮʯˣ˭֪Сһ˶ʮˡ
˽˶̣͵ôô֣𲻽Щ߳ŭѰķҲͰˣɶԷͬĽִˣԼռ֪ԭίҪ𷣵ġ
˽ҪһǮӣҾһˣҾʯˣ±ǰ˵㣡֣ĿǿӲڳͱ˵ļƣ
˭ϻûȶڳǰ׹֣ɫһ䣬һ죬ǻҲżת˵ɣ´ٷˡߣ
һһ£̶һЦӶ˹ȥ֣ץӣԴű߶һƣҲˣǹģ
һΣת۱һ־磬˽˼ڶǷǣȥһ״·ߵֶ̯һӣųϺֶͷЦ뿪
ʦ֣ôŹǣ֣ͬЩޣŲ֣ߣЩĵЩԶȥˡ
֣ĺ¶Ц֣ͬǰ˻еӣʵԭӦնӣ
ָ֣ͬ£˵ʮˣӦǮӡ
Ƕӣ֣ųţŰӣ̶Žżʵ
֣ͬһΪϲȥʦҲЦءǶʮ𣬵汿أ
֣Ƥһ㻹浱ԼӺʹˡ
ȥӦϽɵӣһܵöأ
֣ͬˣ˭˵ӲʹµʣʮǮأʦҪ̣ʦҵһأ
֣һӺߣͷİڰ֣ܵ°ţºٲġЩǸ֮㻹ˣҸ㰡ظ֣ͬĶ˵˼󣬱յЦ


245 ֮
ʦ֣¿𣿡֣ͬԲ¶ϲɫ
֣һ⻹ֵС¶ƨҵݣ
Ǻǣʦ˵е˼ܳɹֵܶ˿Ƿ˱ʺأǰҵΪ벻ԺȰҪȸҼӣˣ
֣һѴ֣ͬƣɸֵ߳צÿҵΪϺȾʱһӱǡ
ֵ֣ܶˣΪӺΪȡ֮ʱһѵ˳аڶ࣬һ˱ס¡
ϴһסһҽƽջһԪ׺ˣסĿջСƽջȡ޷ָͷд֮֮ļǷƽ˾ƽ⣬ϲ
ҿջڣ¶Ҳ㡣ûסջˣܶæϴһҲѵס˻Ϸʡȴ˼һݵķš
ͣѴ˷ʱջҲϴϣ˳伢
ԱˣҲ˯ЪϢʱйģģһı߳˿ջ
һڷڣϲһȺ˼һ𣬰Ԫʰޣȥߡ
ɽֻһĽֵͬϱţһɽռȥСǣǶΪС
ںƮˣѵ½ߣЩʳһЩ裬Ҳһǲ
һѧԪӵķںţʱŽɫɫȺһЩдĿ̣òвͬ
ôǳ෢أ֣
ŮͲ󰡣ôͷİ׷أ
ǸһͷľȤ

һЩĿĺ棬ָˣЩСһЩǲΪȻӡӼǡпЩϡŹֵ¼ԵʮﲻͬﲻͬסһЩƫԶɽ뺣ϣסһЩ岻ͬɫòˣΪ棡
ʦܣ˵е˴ӦǾĲԶˡԪӲ֪Щʲôһ
һͷ˼ĿŽµʯ壬δӦҲ˽ѯʹǰ䱻쫷紵ԭеĺƾŶд۹жҪ˶ãﵽе˰
ֻǣҲ˵ˣǿĵĺĪķҲ̤࣬ϴĵأҲ˵鷢ˣɴҲ̫çײˡһŽϵ˻ʡ
ӽ뽹ĻԼ֪ڴľڣԼ֮һе档ʼɲ꣬Ҳöʡһֻеȵˮʯһ̣֪ɴ̣
ǰввһ·һĸܡҲһζá˵ƱۣƱѲǱɾɽǸʱˣԱʱòʧΪ֮١Σʱʱ˵ҪãȻ㣬׸
ʦʲôأ˴֮СӲΪֲ˰ɣٵһƫƫϳɵģԪԹ
һſԪӣȻҡͷЦЦ˵ûʦ˵˲ɣв֪ʦԺĴأ˵
Ԫӿǰ֪ǳͽܣ̾Ϣһ˵
㵹ˡʦܲ˵˵
һЦݣصһšֻǡ
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˵ţԪӵĽŲ£עһ˵Ϊʦ֣˵䣬֪ɷԸ
üһһЩؿԪӣ˵ʦл˵һϴ
ԪӺǺһЦⲽǰ˵֪ϳɣ³ȣԺ󽫶ڴĴһЩĲ°
һĬĬͷ˲С
֪裬·˼˲ʱͼ֣򴥷֮ﻢ֮Σ֪Ϊ㵣ʲô𣿡һ٣ԪĿе¶Цݡ
룬һ˵ʦçײѵľأ
ǰΪߣ֪ȴʡʱƣ˴ĸԴһ·̣̲ʱʦһȣ˴뱲ӵ˶šʱѪԸǿ²֪ͷʮһСӡֻǣҵĵĲЩ˵ţԪҡҡͷ
Լ֪Լ£һ¶˿Ц˵ʦִͽ̣
ΪˣҪҪưѡ޵֮ˣ֮ҵѣ޳֮ڡʦ֪ܰҪһҪһǰ;죬ΪҪвһζ֪˻ԪӵĻЩĳζ
ϵĹ֮⣬仰еĺ壬Ҳˡ²֪ˣ糾£㣬γ֪Ĳֻ֮ǣµͷ޿ɱ֮ʱȴҲ޴Ӹı䣡ʹȻ
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µ·ҪһȥߡԪҲãҲգɵЩˣڵִ֮һϾ˼һ·˺£ֻǲһԵ֡ͬɣעҪ
ʱ򣬻˵ˣƾ˸Ρ
һɫԪӺһתʵˣսʱ֪˳ǵĹأʱɷµģҶˡ
ڳſڷһִˣĿ鷢ľԪ˵һʣ֡һ֪ϵǲͷЦЦ˵һǮӵĳ˰ǲ٣ҲֻԳνǵȡ
Ԫӻҡͷţһ˵ϵǰһغ񣬱˳ǵĹأӦڿҵġ
ԭˣֲСհˣһΪʦܵݣ˼أԪ¶Ȼ顣
ǻ˼ɣӦҵԵʡһҡҡͷ֣ҵǳƾŵĵӱڵΪ֣Ǻǵġ
ǶΪʦΣڻʿ𣿡ǿģҲࡣֻû뵽Щ˳ǰʱȴδǺ¶뵱Լ£һֱŽύЩˡԪӲŷЩ˻ټΪáЩ߸߸ϣͱ˵ƣɲ㲻Բλ࣬ľս
˵Ϊֵһᣬ˳лˣӦ֣ҵӵܡҵ뿪˳ǣ»ҪСЩһЩε˵Ԫڽй֮ʱʶɨȫǣ˳лʿڣӡΪߣҲĲ㡣״μôߣզ಻ѡ
ߣһĪǣ˵ǵؽ鲻ɣ


246 
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밲ʮģҲ󷽣ĵŮһġ
ľ߽һ̣밲Цӯӯظں棬ֻĿ¶ϲɫ˦ӣټΪֺõһͷһֵľһֱЦ绨
˸մһ鱦˳ľѶ˴ʦֵǶҲǺǻмӣȴûбֺأһЦȴҲ֪Сʦϰһֱˣʦϲͺãʦ㲻ϲЩģ
ľʣҲֻϣǺǣ밲ʧʱһЦ
û˰ľĵĳź밲һЦ˵һº빫ӵӴ׸ҪлĺŶѽƹ˵˵鰡˵亣ˮУӣҲ֪Ǽأ
ǼأֻҪľϲͺãĳ֮밲ǺЦžһȣѡ
ڴʱһˣŲæ˹ֻ˵ͷ·ۿҪײľ
·۾أľһһ
Ǹʮӣɫƣ˫ڻУǴŸһ㡣ľĺһæһҪӵӡ
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ľ˲ԣͣ½Ųؿеӡ
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ľ˲ɵҹҲûȴҲû˴Ĳɣ
ҵʲôҹֵǣ˾ͻᴵţľмЦ
밲Ӷ˼ȣҲŸ͵Ǻǣδ˵мֵǵҹءλ̨Ȼм£Ա㣡
Ҽҵı֪飬ȺҪǴġߡ漴޵صľ밲Щҫغһұȿ۽磡
ôһִһȺΧ۵ˡҴһۣϲ߽ľ밲֣µشеľС
̴ľĺиǴ򿪣һŶѴСӳǰһ뵵ɫâ漴ΧľУֹɷ档

Χ߷̾ľ밲ҲǾȲѡ
Ѱҹ鲻ҹճǰӵҫ벻Ҫϸϸ֮ʱžһ˾ӸϣҲֱֱͦġŪ˵ѽǲǱûƭ˰ɣ
ǱҪӣľʧؿеľУȲؿˡ
ߣʶҼ˵Ĵ֮˵˱鳣ߣܱаɸϰ֮˹̱Ԫǿ壻޵֮ˣëϴ裬̥أ
ĭĽشһͨҡżϸԴбۿľˣܵɫһ֮ȴװģ̾˿˵Ҽ˵ðȼȻʶñҪֻҪļǮʣҲʡȥ鱦ӿɫˣ˭һ
ľʱֻǵ÷ëϴ̥ˣ˷ܵһץסԷֱۣ˵򰡣λ˵Ǯ˵ţ¶ɵ뵽ϵǮǲת䣬Ԯ񲻽˺밲
۵Ŀ⣬Щ̰ɨľƵqűӣһ˵Ѭˮ
˶Щ´һۣΧҡͷ߿ʣµĽһЩİ·ˡ
λ̨뿪۰ɣҡȣ밲ǵ˵
ֵǵıҲ˵üǮҪ鱦ӸɣЩΪѵ˵ţǴһĿģľ
˲ԣľæɿ֣һ˶Էһۡ
밲鱦򲻳ˡ˵ıֵΣҲûοҲûӵģʵڲÿڶۡ
ʱֿ˵Ҫȿҹ飬Σ
⣬밲ľæͷ
ȲʶﰡλС㻹úϸۣǻƿеľС󷽵ָӡ״ľҵȥӡ밲ҲµǰȥҪúùһѵһı
Լ뱦ǱˣͬΧߣҲľ˷ܵС֣Ҫסʱɿָҫâ˲ƣȴתȻŵϸָϵȥ
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ôˤұ
һİͻȻۺڳ˽Աŵһδعľɫ԰ף޴˵Ҳǹİ治ǹģ
ɤͦ󣬲ľ밲ڵΧ۵·ҲһĴ㵡
˺й󣬷ɿĽװӵľд뻳ָ֮ľɺҪҰҲŲⲻأҹ顣УҪȥҼˣ潫½˼ҵĴ֮
밲Ҳˣʹ뱦Ҳ벻ʲô÷żֻǰֺ밲£ǱͷβǼĬԴֻԹۡ
ʦ㰡ǺãľˣЩץסֱۡ
üľֱ룬˵Ȼ˱˼ǣҲ޲ɡҪӵ飬ʦ뵣ǣ
ҵҹ鰡ҪҼˡͿߣɺţԷԸԼˣзɿһĨɫ
Ӧλ̨żʦȥǡֶԺ밲˵ʦֵӦڲԶͷ빫ȥټⲻ⣡
밲һ¸ҪӦȴ뵽ʲôҡͷйأôأ
ȥټͬλһ⣡
밲ףȻسź뱦˷Ը˭֪뱦Ϊɫᶨ˵㹫ȥ
ǱһЦź밲֣˵һ˰ɣӿҪСŶ


247 ƭ
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ɫˣˮҲȱˣ˱Ҫȥ˭ֵ֪ϣȴɵĵһС˹滹Žɽˡ
һӭǰȥ֪ľ桢밲뱦ˣ˴ϳšǱţδټؽɵӣǲػص˿ջ֮󣬲Ž¸֪ɽ
ɽ֪º󣬶ʱ㼱ˣæѰ˽ϡ
ϴ˴æһһͬǰȥ˱ƣȻƴǡο˳ǲѰľѣû˵ȥ
̫࣬⣬˶෴ãһԪȻȥȺ
³һõ飬Լ˴Ҵҽ˼󣬱Žһȥ
Ÿһ֪ԭίĿɨһСνмʱҡͷ
ųϳ飬һʶңȴһǼ˳Զˡڳйʱ鿴Ǻ󣬱ûЩӵ״˭뵽ڴĻأ
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ϳʱѭһ˼ЩĵлȥʱҪˣɽ뱨ŵİǱҲûøţˣͬﲻæ
һ뽭϶ˣ˳űʩչѭŴ·ǰ׷ȥ
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˴ʱǲʮ·ԹʯᾣߴľУһСǰ
ֵѣѰǣһǰϿСʵ
һͷָС˵Ǿǰ棡
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ȺУµŮӸĿȹľһµ档

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֪֣֣ͬݣŪ׶Ϊڴˡ仹ݳΪףľѲԼͬ뵽ʲôɵĵһ
˿ǰݳѿ˵ҵûͱˣҴ֮Űɣľ˵ĵδ
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ľſڽ˵һȭ˵λ̨ˣˣҵȲδ·ϣǵġλ̨ıѻ٣˵ļ룬ҵ˾ǡ
ҷ̬ƽ˵ҵǮĲͬŵĳλ̨ıǡ
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ǸݳӸЦ˵λ˵Ĳѻ٣ٲܸˡȻ´£ҲǿѡҪʮӣҲҪٿʯˡҵùɣȰ⼴ɣ
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248 ֣ӵ
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뱦ô콫ҵȷſ²ˤڵء밲ǲڵϣֵĿ벻һС
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ŮӵǺõɫͬҡߣұ㽫ΣһͬŲأȻ˭ҪʯȥݳЦһ
ٺ٣ʦԼǰŮӳǺÿϧֻ已̥绻ʯʵڡ֣Цǰȥ̰ľ̾ⷲеŮҲ
ľ㱻ãֻ裬ּ޳ŤӣͨˤڵأĶ̽ȴԷ˳ȥ
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֣״æʦҰɣʦҲŵڲãǬûУɽҲûУһף޳ﰡʦΨһıˣʦְָ̧οĲΪĸˣῴƷɽأǲǰʦ֣
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ǰףʧǵŮӣѲ²һеࡣ̾ϢұΪɵ˽Ƿ˰֮ȴʵû뵽Ҳˣ̤۵;Ϲۣҵע˶أ
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ڳʱͬȴ֣ƶҶ£֣Ҫռ˵ͷǣеʦ֣ðæ
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󹦸ɣֻʯˡӣ˭˴ôأЩǼ֮ڵ顣ûãҪʯ

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һǰһڽǰֵ֣ģƲƲǣ˵ɣұˣֺһ˵أ
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֣õƤһ£һʱԷ˵ΪӦ֮ǸͷҲĲΪζԼ
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ұЩ˵ĳ뽫ȷˣŭݵ˵
һһСⲻƣ֣Щӡ˼æ֣ͬһľߡ֣ͬҲѧ彣ľĲϡ˱ͼˮļһΪ֣㲻¶Էˣᣡ
֣֣÷ư˵ӣ߶ʮʯһǮһֽˡ
ˣôҪɵˣֱǿ
һֹסŭĽϣ΢΢ǣŶԷЦıӣֵʯ壿
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һ̯һŵĹâһžӨɢǰҲܸҫ
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249 
˵Ŀⶼһϣûӵ١
֣ð¿ˮӦֵʯܵõҹ飬Ҳ㲻ת˼£·ɵ촽Ϊѵĵͷ˵ҼҵҹȣǿɣдһԱα
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Ҳû뵽һϣҹ顣Ҳɽ粢֮
ӻľˣҲǴ»СС»ޡԴˣϸеܻ㡣û뵽һԸԸ⣬֮ˣ˭ںЩΪĶأ
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ߣСʶࡣ߰ɣȥץˡ
֣һƿ֣𣬿ԶӰ޵СЦ


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֣ҽ֣õԹ޷£˵ȥΪ֣ҩ԰ټ֣ǰȥף

ͬʱһѴֻص˴·ϣɫÿ
밲һطɧԹĲţʲôնǻ裬޳ܵȵȡ
үЩŭż˹֣ȴôһ¡ССһƭУǳ
Ůˣ˵ȴ˵óˣһˣ˵Ӳʹƴ
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밲ΪЩ˽Ǵֱֻ֮ǣܽĸ߰벻мڲദ
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ߵڣľ˼ѷԶɵץʦı䡣

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252 ݽ
ڣһƬҡ
ƽ롰ƽҿջǰΧһȺڵˡ
֣ӵҪˣϵŵĴɢΨ꼰㡣ɽ۰Щ֣ӵֶܵοǷͬСɣеİǶꡣּɴܣʶȤ޲æŶܡ
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֣Ҳ˵ȴסͫϸϸһ¶ԷΪֵˣɱפرǵĵӣɱԼֵܡΪ߲㣬ôȴԶԸ

֣ҵڣһˮ壬֣ҵԷϢʥءڵĸˣڸڵʮˡһɼ壬ʵʹ֣ҳΪﺣյļ֮һ
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һȥˮ˱ˡһ֣Ƭ䵶Ĺ⣬˴󺣣ͬƬȥ

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˵˻ỰϸǺһ߳աһʱԾ봵磬ߡ
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ԭˣһ˵ͷһЩͬ޸ĸƼںϣǵ˴֮ǽ޷㡣ΪֻиԼѰһ·
¸һӦھܾɱȥʵڿڡںϣЩģҲֻһˡ
˼Ƭ̣һ˵Ҳգλص֮ǰһֵܡӣʯִżסɡϳ˵һģȷıǣ
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鵺ˮ塣
Լǧɵķ嶥֮ϣڴ䣬ơ
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ŭ׷ȥѭźĺһֱǰʱǰֳһֻ
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ҹһٺԪʯ˺󣬶¥֮ϡŴ磬֮£Ӧ֮ߡ
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ˣ̫
֣ҵ׷ȴԼģ·һһδ㽹ǹ
УϵĽԼµˣܴµǣΣأͷϢ
ԴУⲻһΪˡҪΪԼΪϵˣһ취
ٵȥɱһ붼Ҫȥ룬һǿԴ֮
򲻹ӣڵĸǰһΪӵõԣȻ;ĩ·ˣٴӼѰҳ·Ȼͬβ֣ҵأ
֣ҵڸֲ࣬һǶûʲôһɱԼԷ׷ڵĸǰǰĵĺϣ٣Էڿʶһɨܲ
ʴˣ֣ҵǰٺһ鿴ǶԷ׷ʱԼ뽭϶ںϣǶԷ᲻ὫŹأ
ɵİգԷŹǰ׷ϡˣϵ˱ӹһ١ԼûкۣҲЩ
һ뵽˴ﻹҳɣæȥҵ˽ϣг
ǲҴ⣬ϸϸһҲΪҪգΨһ;
Ȼоϣ˲ټȥԷҹ׷ǰ϶Ժϵһ飬ˣۼϻк״Ҫװ޶õģԷĲɣɱ֮
һ뽭ϣɽ̶մ˺ǰСʱ˻Ѱϡ
һкһ˱ɴŽϣҹϷȥ


259 
һΣһûһȫ߶ɴǰС
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һҲ֧ŲȥʱȲѰƬ¡
ôã²ǧ֮ң˰⣬Ѱ˶Է׷ϡ
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һ˵ֻõͷӦֵȥЪϢϷ
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ϱ㲻ٿףѰ˴ʯɽڳ˸ɽ
һԼɽߴСĵطϢ㹻ˡ׳죬óʯĿ뾲
һǵ˵յϡһ۾ͷеʯҡҡͷΪߣҲߡҹķɣеʯѳͨʯͷָ˷ĩ
ĵҲָĲˣһ԰ʶУȻɽɵϢ
һҲųȥֽ֣ӵϵĶ˳ֻǬİѷɽһƬۼ׺һƬסȤģǴ֣еõö׷궤
Сĵö״׷궤һȳϢŻһȴϲɫǱ伮¼ֻڴеǻǱ
Ƶķں綾Ϭޱȣһǲɥ֡
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һױֻƬӰȥĴ鿴һ£ֵĶ½һˣ˲ġڿжһֻصǰŵСϡ
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ݷֱۣⲻ˺һ
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ǳΣԶȥϵ㷲Ͼһ䲻ʣ˵ĵС洬ͬУû˸ƽִġ
˵Ĺĵ˿
ǰû˸һȥ鿴һȷǰֻһѰĺɵĺųҹɫٵĹѰ˴ªͷͣ
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ϾԸ·ΪҪϴ˵ЩֻסЩƶǣ·ĺԸһЩ·ҲԸڴ˶ൢ󹤷
ɴ˼ǲϲֵʱ⴦Ƨĺ׿ϵЪ֮ء
ͷ޼ֻһЩͰլڶӡҲû´ֻ˯Ⱦ̣ûȥƧС塣
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260 
ʦ⴦ɽͬǿտҲһĸΪϸЩŮӿ˵Щɥݺתɤܺ
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Ůǰסʦı䣬˵ʦʦŰҲ˱ǡأʦҲġ
ʦЦЦԼƽͽܣеο
˼ɻ֮£ǰǧһֱʦųһĺ£
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ʦðϷѽɵģܳ˴ں߼ҲŮϲЦ
·;Զʱ磬ʦͽ˲δŸ·յɽССҹУʱ˵˵Ц

һĨسߣ⴦ƫƧС壬Ҳӭµһգ
ɫеͷϣ˵ĲżֻС洬ʹһɸߴĺΪĿϵĵæװ壬˿ŲˮʳϰˡɽҲڴϱ߲ʱߺţõע¡
ܿ죬дر֮׵˳緫Ÿ밶׼̡ڴʱһԶԶ
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ߵĶһ뽭Ҳ߳շȴһ𾪣ûæȥŮӣɫЩŵ
תۼ䣬Ůӱ档ſ壬һǶʮĸˣ¶ޣ֬ü˱ǣɫܽ͡أԡ׽֮飬ȴ֮⡣Ц
һŮʮ߰ģͬһϮ£ɣԼءɫ𪾧Өһ˫۾ˮᲨձ΢֡һһЦȴֲȾ˳ǡ
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µӵģʵһȭ˵λˣ϶ȥ
ŮԺ¶ϲɫ׿ĸˣֿ˵ʦͽ˳紬и㣡
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ŮӻҪ˵Ǹ˿סλѲضʦͽҲˣ󷽵ĺ̻գԻȥģ
ǰǰʧ񣬶λ룡Сģɫ˵ľֹ˴ڳŮʱ𾪡
ˣҲԳ²м˰ɣеĿ󣬰ֹ
Ŵæҵķ壬ŮӲ̬ǽ̧ԾϺüʶѷͬĵǼˣŮɰ
ǰ棬ڵĽŮ¥ϡ鲻ɽֻͣǣ׵ǰôôŤ
ˣҲ֪ʰ
Ůӵһ˫۾´ţ¥̨ϵľã¶ȻһЦʾ⡣һԵĺ밲δֻĿɨ¥ϵһʱЩŪЦ
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ֻɲǼ䣬һͬѰ㣬һУԷ˸ͨ͸ʱŵð亹
˾ڵĸֿ֣ûŮ֮ԶԶԼ뽭ӦԵġ
һ߳շʱҲͬ顣˲磬Ī֣ҵѰˣ
ӣԷǿʶһǿסͷΨһָǣԷ֣ҵˡȻǴͷˣ
Է̸º֮ͣ٣Ů˵Ҫ֮ʱһĵ׶ŻһڳԽ֮£ʵڲŮӣ¶Է˵ˣ
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ͲΪҲ˵ùȥǺǣһнŮϰΪЦ
һĬȻ
ǸʼЦ⣬ں档̬ȴ޳ǰĻʧ벻ɶһۡ
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ʻʱ۹ȴǿһ
ϲҵæִҵһɣȥġ
Ǹ˶ԽϵĻΪȻʵҲǽˣ
һ£̧ͷԷһʻſڣδ
һеߵ쳣̧ͷƳһ۶ԷɫŹҲǽ˰ɣ
Ǹԣü΢ǲϲһеģɣԱߵǸŮȴЦˣ˵ʦ˺ûͷ


261 
ǸŮ֪ǰ֮ˣԼʦ
ʦºͣΪȴǸֱ䲻ϲЩ컬ࡢͶȡ֮ͽ
ˣڵʿô˵ǽأԲ԰Ĳѧã
ŮӵĿڽѵˣֻǼа֣˫ˮˡֺʦʦ˵
ĲϲһΪˣǸˣϾشǰĺ
֪һε˶ԷһԲ֨
ұǽɵĵӣ̤֮;㲻ǽˡ²δԣһͷҲ̧ƽ
ضԣΪʦȥЪϢˣǸ˺ûˣ߽շŮҲæ˽ȥһ뽭϶һۣһ
ȥԸһ죬͵͵һ۸ڵĲշ˭뵽һǽ֮סļµĸ֡ҡҡͷ߿
һŮʲôģĪӲɣǰģ
¥̨ϣľһ¥ͲסǰʵһԵĺ밲ҲڣҲǴʿ˹
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һͻȻľһ㶣һߵҲû㶼³˼ҳƯ治֪кκµģ
߻ɫأ㲻Ҳ£һƤһɴ౳ȥ
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ŮӼ֣ЦشľЦӣĪҪһһ㣿ǺǣȤ
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ŮȻһЦ״¥̨ϵˣò۷밲֢һ㣬ľŮӣҲһֲȾ˳һһĨϼԶ
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ҽľʦ档֪ӷأľϲԷͣ׽
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Ҳʦһͬģ˳紬ȲﲻԸɣ˵
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ߣ˿ᣬȴģͱһʶˣľûһ䣬һתһ롣
һЩεת˹֡ҲľǸ˵λǰ˵ЦˣֻǲԴǣ֮£
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һʿһȺУȴȻԵãЩ˲˼顣ʦУԵӴӲɫʦѵһЩദҲָСŮĳ̬ͻȻŪһò˵Сʿ
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ŮӲĻ֮ˣͼı죬ҲԼܹܵ˵ġ˸ˣҲΪѴϵķӣ˵˳·أԸ뿪ֱ˸ӵζܣĪظһͷʯʱҪܣ
ʱһΪĿ󣬴δй˵ǿҡϲȣҪƿԼһС
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ÿϽҪȥڵķǰŮӵһѯ޷Ը֮ڼװţµ޼ɶð˶Է
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æɽѶԲߡ
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Էⲻ⴬ͣðɫǵ˵ɽƲãó䱸
ϼԷⲻƣȴԷʿĴڣвæһ
ѰʿޣҪһʶ⣬ⲻ⡣˭һȴǽ󷨣ûһĶ
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262 ǰǰ
顢顢顱
ϰƻڷϣһ߳˷šֳôĶøŮҲȥˣ˳
ЩطֱŮʩæһһȥԼϵ飬ȥͷˡֻȴʦı䣬µؿŴ¥æµȺ
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ЩͣȻԸĺֺ
źǺϵʿѼɽԾԾԣȻ֮⡣˭ҲȷԷ᲻Ὣɵĺͱ
ĵס֣Ѽô
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Φ˱նϣôǰУ
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ۼԷɽһָһ㣬һâɳһǱɫķɽһ֮±㽫Էķɽķ˳ȥ
󵨣
溣ϣֵһλģӣɫƣ°ż롣Լķɽ裬ŵŭһ
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ֻгһӰŲȷɽƮƮնǸ˪Ŀ档
˾ͽҵĺϣѪӶȵؿſУŵ˵
ֻ洬ʿѣִðʿƾ˾ͽƬһпɣڵĸˣǻûǸ׳ģʿƵķɽ֪룡
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һ͵͵ͷƳһۣʦڴ¥֮ϣ̬ӺݶɫȻȻǶͽܵвΪ⡣ʦͽҲ˾ͽҵš
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ҪҪ߱ߣҴӦ𣿻δҽ˵أΪҪǿлͺ
䣬ȴˡ˺󣬻ˡ
ԷĺϣЩѰ׳ʿҲǰԽпࡣǸͷҲ̧ȭ˵²ǰġ
ǸģӣǱݣ˵Щ©磬ڲȴǲ˴µԭί
ϸ·˾ͽĴֻʱгû˾ͽҵʿ̽飬ԭƬУ֪ʱһֻˮ֣ʮɳ˶ޱȡ֮㴬⡣
ʴˣ˾ͽұɳԼҵĺںѲ߮ˮʱ֮·ʱһУԷݷ
ֻǣ˾ͽҵĳǣûõǿƹ·һ£ģȴǺǡ˻˵ǰѾۼ˼ҲͣȴԱۼһ̡
һˣЩһĴֻҲܱΰɣ
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һҡͷŮӿƸģ˼Ҳĺܡһ⣬ǲܺԼƢԡֻǣԼûǸΪȲôԶ
ĺǰ·ҵҪ˵ˮǺģߣҳҲȲ㣡
ɵؽ˵꣬˶ԷͷǣȻת½âһûƮƮɻһʦߡڰУһϣҪǺĺ档
Ȼհ죬˾ͽҵĺǰ·ǰʻȥ


263 ӳ
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ԪԪüûһҲ˹
Сʦ壡㲻ὫҶ˸˰ɣնûˣֵҲ̤ʵԪ鰧ԹЩرԹ
Сʦ壬նǸʦһ˼ҲˣģԪҲһߣ
˼ŮӵһԪһ˵ͷһᣬʱ㽫еĹ˼ɶ׿ˡ
ǰֵܶˣﻹǰǣɫįĿȻ
ԼǸʦ壬ҲûԷ󡣶ֵܶȴԼΪ׽ˡԪӵЦòǰȱ仯ԪԪ磬һȻ̾
أˣֵܶ˻ҵ۵Ĵأ
һŶڼװϣɫ˵Ԫʦ֮ǰԸˣţֻܽڰ˳䣡Ĳµģˡ˴ĺ󣬲˰úãҲ԰ġ
ԪЦһ£ЦЩһĻȦ
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˵˴Ԫ̧ͷɫ֣ص˵ʦˣֵܶ˵ĳ
ʦ壬ʦֵĻҲģԪҲ
Զ԰Ưÿ˶й㣡
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ԶһҲԶεһ롣
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ৡѸһâն˹ȥ
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ݵƽ󣬺һηùĺҵʱҪ㸲û
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װϣæµţĺǰֵһƬ½ʻȥ
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Űӣǰɤ˵δģҲǲԶˣ
һԵڣûɹڣֻǰ϶˲˪ɫЦǵ˴ĺ󣬻ҪġһΣǴţԺٲˣǴھɽð
ҡҡͷΪп˵һ˳У޺Ҳ
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óԶҲûʲôµǲ֪еյںη
һ˫֮ʣʶڳɨһȦ漴ջءʿֹһΪߣСʿʶΪУȥ̽˼ңΪߵģǳԲ˶ߡ
Ҫһ࣬ܵģЪϢһٴηأɵӳΣһ˿ɲҪ
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ԼҪһˣܲܽӿԵɣһҡҡͷת
ڵ̯һʮĺӣӣһнǣĳýʵװӦɽɽ񣬻Ի
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ǺӲ̧ͷ˵ֵܼҵҲҪˣ
һһ㶣漴ЦҡҡͷνƲݣ롶ٲݻ׫¼֥ӦһƱٹȵҩеһζٹȵǵҩһ֣ҩҲϡȴ󡣲֥ȴ׵ã벻ƳмһȻŹ
ǺǣֵܵҲóɼˡЩ㶼ȥɣͷ¾㣬ûоǸġӽҩװһСУһһ
ʲôöأľ
ûʲôһЩҩݶѡ߹һǺӵãִⶪ¿ӣǰȥ뻳Уһ֣ǲѲˡ
ľظȴһ˫ֿտգ¶Ľ飬˵һԺҲʩչЩֶ𣿡
ԼĥǬʱӦϲ˺üհɣһͷ˵гɣʱȻʩչЩ׵ֶΡ
ľһһתŲеһʵȥ˴ĺҪʲôأҵȷֿɣ
ôһľֻƳһ󣬲Ӧľ˵˵ǲʦֵǷˡҲʦ㣬ʦң
Żͷһľʻܶ𣬶ƫתӣЦЦʵҲд⣿
ûϵ˶ԻǣԼϣ밤ľһЦ󣬲ƽ˵ʦһڴˣҲǷĲ¡»ǵ˴ĺƽϰɣ
ʦ㰡ǴӦҵģڣľԸŹ档
һתǰš沢ڴģľҲһʱĽ鳤ֻǣһרעҪʧȥ࣬׽Σ
ڽŲߣˣò绨Ůͬʱ˲Ŀϱ˶֮࣬˽֮οжӢŮˣ˶࿴ϼҲûʲôֻǰͷһüͷ΢΢һ糣̬
һӭĲɣֻͷ·ֱһײ
һһαˣȴǵľ
ľ֮ʱ磬һѳľĶ̽Ťͷܣת۱㵽˼⡣
˵Ȼľ⧲ǸһԵԪԪҲסˡ

Сߣ
ľöš߳һʩչṦ׷Ԫֵܼ״ųɫһͷ׿ϣæ˹ȥ
ֵԶ¥ŪҲԵľ˺棬ת۽һСڡ·ͻȻû̫⡣
˶һ·߹հ˹գһ˵ͬԷˣЦת޿ֵģŭݵľˡ
ľԪʦֵܣſ壬ԷǸʮӣһ˫۾תͻ֮ϷʵУһ˿Ļҡ
ľԷԼĶ̽ȥᣬԪൣթæֹ
Ϊұ컹ңԷԶʱľͣ½Ųʵ
ӳľЦһ󣬴ָڡԪͻȻһŲͷһԵӿʮˣס˵·߸鱩壬ŲֳֵָУɫơ
콫ֵǮүͳ͵ӣشЦ
ԷѰĵƦ˵޼ɵԪҡͷ˵Щǲ֪콫ĶûȤˣ
ЩûмԤ֮еĿ޺ģɵˣԪ໰䣬һƬĺЦ
ʦ֣αظǷϻҲһȺƦҲҰմ٣ԪЩˡ
ܲŮҳͷԼְֵܶɣԪͷЦǺðɣ˵ţԪʹ˸ɫһȺȥ
ЩĵƦԷҶ֣ĲΪ⣬ľεˣ˵Ķأ˭ǰһԷѳ嵽ǰֻǴϢĹʮ˽ԱѨһء
ԪԪһΣֻصõǰ
˸ɾ֣ľкãҲʹǸɫһ䡣֪ˣɱԷס·Ըùˡ
λʦĺ֣ľԵؿһ䣬ֵܶ˱й⡣Ԫ൱ʲõһظ˵ȡر
ԪʦֵڣԷӣۼžҪֻŮҲֻһ״
ӼԪȴ־壬ЦһӻóһƬֽһġűǹâһ˺еĶ̽ͬʱԭʧȥӰ
Ԫ౻ǰ״ˣ۾ﻹǸӵӰæͷʦľҲһĴ㵣ȻǱ벻һУŪЩˣ
ʦأԪͻȻ˵һ䣬µˡѽ˵ĹѲ⣬ֻһ֪ô°ɣ
أϤæȥһӵĳڴ˫֣һɡ
Ԫæ˹ȥҪһһУ˭֪Էڰ֣ЦһȦҲˡȥɣ
ľЩ˵ҵĶ̽
һȴ𻰣תߣֻ߳
˭֪߹ڣһȴͣ˽Ų˵ԪԪλؿջҪˣҴٻȥ
Щһ˵ȥʧӣӦء
Զһת¶һĨζЦ⣬ٲʱȥ


268 
ƳǵĳǱһƬǽԺ
ƳǵĳĸۡǳڵߵĵطɸȫǣԶĴ󺣡
ųԶһԺ䣬ǳľͬǸǽţǷ
Ժڵһ侲Уһӣǰڷž⣬Ժȵʹ졣һԻŮ̬ڣ۲
ʮͣһ׸⣬üۣҲϡ˱ǳĹ˳Ƴӡ
µӣΪݴʦ̤˵ʦԴһСţ򴥷Ź;м˵һĳӣʱ֮£㽫˵ӡ
Ӹʦң˼꣬ԺζģҡײƭʲôҲɹδϺþʦһͽѺʹ˼ʹҲһ๤Ϊ
ûʦĳӣֻöУ˾ɽɢޣȴҲڡڴľڣڶ࣬ΪвᶪԲģңӣܵ˺⣬ʿı
ãӱƾֵı£߷ֵĴֶΣΪƳǵĹ
ΪƳڵĸˣȻܵ˳ĺŮȱռһԺ䣬Ϊֻ֮ȻвסڳһӵƦӡ
Щνļӣ֪ӵΪñӻһЩϡŹֵ䱦ŮͶá˳ӵıЩ˱ѱڳ޶
ӺιߵƣһŮ֫һĴЦһ׸ҲŲ
ôһɫ֮ͽȻɵˡ
ʱһӣľ̽ˡҴææؽԺӣǰͷԵӣȴǲҽȥſڳʦͽˣ
ӵТ˳ŪʲôöˣýŮĨһϵ壬ƤҲ̧һŮӿϵӡаգȴ¶ϣҪؿȥ
Գ˵ӰһӱܽӣﵽǰͷЦʦ棬ɶù˼أ˵ţеĶ̽ϡ
Ʒǰһֽӹ̽ȴ¶ɵʵﵹӺδģ
ǷϵЦݣ˵۾ͷϲͷ˿ָæֺõ˵⻹ʦҵıð벻ôһѰһӣѰأ
Ӻһ˵Ѱӣ㶮ƨҵġѰ䡯ɼҵıЩӾѰһЩգһ᲻ýأ
ǣ˼ǻɰͽˣæһƨӺã˳Сĵ˵ʦǲٸͽһЩ鵤ҩҲɰȻ´ʱͽҲʦ˼ˡ
ϵ˸ӣЩҫƵеĶ̽漴䲻Ůľ⡣
뵽ʲôӺеЩ̤ʵ۾һбʵ﾿ԺδƳڣ˸Ϊȣ
˲æڽй䣬зϵĽŹâһѶֵ̽ģһһʮ˵һ顣
ʵԼҲ֪ǴϹײˡ
գһӵƦڽʱзָϽӷ⡣ǵʦ˵˽ʱˡǣˣȴǷּصΪɡ
˱ŽͬϸҡľΪŮӣֵĶֻδԷ书ôߣǽǿĻѳ
ƭǼ֮˼Ͻӹâʢ²ϵĶ̽Ǳ͡ʦǸˣЩߵҩɶģѵõı붼˷ܰޱȣܶȥΣʵ˺Ϊ֮
ЩǺڳ﷭쵹أѰһЩöӸˡѰ䡱ıˡ̽ʱǴǽŪأ˭֪ġ
ΪˣҲܴͬݵѣɼԷҲûʲô˵ġʴˣͷеһǣҲ漴ɢѵͽߣһЩ˰ˣ㲻ҲȭŹѰĽκβɣ
˰ҳܵؿЩ⣬ʦүָϵĹָƴһתϧ˵ͽЩ΢ĩıʲôŮӿöأ
Ӿ㷹ĹҵĶӣŮӣͷЩϻͷذڰ֣˵ĹҼˣٽŮסĵط˵дͣɣ
ʦͷûõֳɵʵݣ˻ʶȤЦǾͲʦˣЩֵܻڽأͽˣ
ţѽ˳˻С
ŮѺߺؽæ¿ˮջ̰Ŀ⣬ٺЦ˳ȥ
ЩŮǺøɳȳɰɣӷŵشЦһ㳶ȥϵۣ¶ֵӣŮȥ
λѣҵĶֲٰڴʱһ˵
ǷʲôɳҵȲˣЦŽһŮѹ£Ҫ֮ʱɫһ䣬漴ӯ˶һԵñءŤͷĹˣȴѻԲѵͥԺУɾ
ߺˣҳ


269 
ӵ״ŮæȹסӡʱƾճһˣŻۣüĿ𣬴׽顣ߣһ˭
ڽйʱһ˹ظں棬ǼɫƵĵƦδϡľ书ףЩռˣùͷˡ
ǸӭײľĶ̽һԹۡԷóֽȥʱŸеЩΡ
ȥȴδԶȥƭľˣȴǶ㲻һʶ
һƦѣЩ˼ıֶΣ̫򵥡ʴˣһ֧ľˣԸ˹
ԷķֽΣȴֻܳŸһĹ֮֮һʩչһ·βܲġ
ŽլԺʦͽĶԻ֮һɻ󾡽⡣ߵͥԺʱ㱻һָ㵹˳¶ԷǸӡ
Ҫ֮ʱһеƤûţ֮£ֻó
ͻȻָˣʵ˳һʲôˣô͸Ϊ
Ǻˣ³ӣĪкιڲɣСĵһ˼תЩ񲻰ضߡĻ²٣һʱ벻ǰ֮˭ӻ֣Ůæ˳ȥ
ڵ侲ң޴齵ǲϯ̵أҲŵľ֬۵ζһѡ
һϲֳüͷȫ䱸ĳ˵ֻǸ·˶ѣͽͬĶֻѰ
ϵ׸ⶶ£²ǰ˶֮ͬˣΪ˵߹Լⲻ仰е˼ӦѰǰԼȻûȥˡֵĶ˭ó

ɫõĺܿ죬Цһ˵λˣҲΪһУڷϾ˵ʹӰˡȫһᣬ
Цֻͣ˸һԼĻÿɷˬ˵ˣҲ򲻳ɽⷨǣأµһ⣬һΣ
ӺܸɴͳľǰѶ̽һֻֻһŷֽʮԸηĵС
һδɫƽؿŶԷӺεؿЦţŽǰ˼˫֣еĶ˳
ִ˶Էһۣһȥ˭֪ǹһЦŷֽȻԼϣʴʱûӰ
һֱڰգδţֻڶԷʧӰ˲䣬֮ſһƬ׼̱һơһֻ֣ʱ˼ӡ
ᣡһ죬һ׵ʱһâ֣Ө׵ĶƲֺ
ףﴫӵľȴȻӰڴʱͻȻһâǳӷֵײ˹ϣݺˤص˵϶ԳΡ
ЩǱĳӣرȻ´¶һ˿
󷨣֪ˣλл˵֣ԤеʲôԼﱻ֮С
һ׶ܣЦЦؿųӡ
һƦ䱳ѰˡһβʱΪߣʶҲԼĵӵܣ
ǲֳ̫Ķ˭Ҳܱ֤ƳûиִڡһǲҴ⡣ԷƮ֪һ黫֮ǰСġȻ֮ϣӻǽʩչ͵ϮһƲ֮Ӷݡ
벻Ϊ˵ĸ߳Ӽһδ֣ԷϼЦݣŹ
һüͷʶһ£ЦŶΪһ㣬ҪУ
أ֮νʶҳȣˣӹЦţװģع۽ƳԷԭδͷϲ͵ȥȻһĶ˶èಡһȥ
ôһУ
һԭأſյӻǸߴСĶڣҡͷ˲ò࣬һķ⣬֮ģȴδϵ˵ļ黫ƲͷܣһˮǲöԸ
һǰ룬δջ졣ϰâһܻסΣһ̧ȥ
ڲ󣬶浹Ǻܿɸߵ棬ǼʮɴСʯҡʯʲôûУֻڣȻֱ֪ͨͨη
һδ룬̧űһɽȥ
ͨһ˶ߣ߿ڲָȴѲסһʶ֮һнԿ
һ˼󣬱¼ӿ죬ǰ׷ȥ
ǰ˰һʯңͬǶɽһŲͣ£ֱһڡ
ɽԽԽ˰ĹһվµһʯУЦҪ׷һЩӻܵˡ
һɽ˰ʱ󣬲ͣ˽ŲΪΣǰû·ˣ
ӵֶĻҲһ̣һٳɣɽ
¡һ죬ںڵͨ͸˼һӶ䣬һȥ̳ʯмһ㣬ֱ˳ȥ
ܳȥʮԶһӵڵϣǰããһƬ󺣣ɵȻعˡ
ʯϣǸڻڡһһƬʯУǰǺİҴһ£Ծ𣬱ѭһĺ̲ǰɳ۶ȥǰֹסΣ̲һʯȥ
һ㣬±϶ʮɸߵʯһ±ǰԶĵطͣס˽Ųͬһ㣬ЦΪβˣȴҪڴ˴أ
Ĵʯûһ㶯һżóǰڵķɽٲͱˣָһ㣬һߵķɽٿȻߣŹâʯ
䣡䣡䣡
ȴʯм׷ɣֻǹ⻬ʯ֣ɼһڡһ߶ɽ洫ӽĺ
ס֣סְ
һָһУɽͷ
±ڶȫֳҡҡλ߳һӣѴֻǷϵ׸εЦݣһݵǷǿǺǣͶذ
һȴЦݽȥĻͲҪˣͷˣһɶûôõԣ
ɫһ࣬ôһѲĶ֡
֮£ӿǷ˺ôЩһֶΡΪԼˣȥǡΪԼˣ򲻹ܣƾԹһİֻҪ˳ȥ󣬶㵽ߵɽûҵ
ǣһδ֮£֪Լ˼ҵĶ֣ɵͷܡȴδϵԷһڻк֣˰С
˼ҵĶǣαҪأӿɲ룬ɱ˶ᱦ¶ҲѰжֵĽֻһʴˣϴ˵ĳӣδ롣
ΪóѵĳӣɽأǸ˾µ˶ǰһ󾪻ʧֻܰңм׵أԷδܲڡ
ɷɽʱ֪ˡǵȵڱ俪޻أӵ
֮£ֻԼԹԳһ˵źûһ߲Ѱ˼Բߡ


270 òʧ
˲һĺ֮ҲֻܶһˡɳҲٴۣȻ鷳͵͵Ƴһ۶ԷЦ˵µĹ˴ˣѴ˴Ҫһʶ
һ˵ţһ߳ǬĨȥĽƺڵϣ˵µҶȨˡԵҪƲҪҪ㲻ҪơѷŹһء
һ˵꣬Ӱ̾һϾΡֻģǷֵЩģ
һɫץǬ治ľĶ̽һЩ߰Ķ
ӼԷɫת˿̲ס۵˵ѷɽһƷһƷûиһٿʯһƿһƿϴԪҲҪʮʯɡʮҪʮʯлзϻֵʮʯԭеĶʮһʯ͸ˣ
Էͣ߶һüͷǬóһƬʵʲô
û˵Ǵĵͼʯˣͣ
㲻Ǭɱ㣿һ˹˵
һĻŵˣӹŵ͵ֱϵҲɴ۾ŶԷתһ£漴ָʩ񣬿ɥ˵ǵ⣬ҲȥɣҳడԹñˣ˵ţᶼҪˡ
ˣ̬ˣԼŰɣһֱԵƶԷ˼ͬȴǾɫԺãһп룬ĺ
ͷһɣȴʵʩһ񣺡л֮вǲڳƳڣ޲Ӧӣ
һõĶóµǬһӻ˳ӡ
˺֮ʿ¾尡Ц˻ʧʱ˸ƨ
һɽ˼£˵֪ĴģΪϸ˵һ˵һתüһǣ˵Ҳɱ㣬ҽеĶ
ɫһȻ֪Էָҡ˲׼֮Ȼɾĵùˡת£Сʵв֪λѸγƺĪǵδȥģ
һǶˣο̽ûвһ·׷ĻҲɢˡҲ֣Լ
ԭֵѣһᣡԷûɱ⣬óȫҲûʲôģĵҲǰǣŽöԷ뷨㽫֪һУһһʮ˵
Ǵˣ丸ĸûʲôˡʦǴԪڵĵӣǸСɡĵţһ֮˵Ⲣָĵֻļҡ
ľڣΪһڡǴʵʢɣνһҶλкɽڡڡƹڣͬС֮⣬һЩСɣ絤ԪڡԪڡڵȵȡ
ȥЩС֮⣬һЩɵļ塣Щɵļ鲼أеĻܵ˺⡣;˾ͽ֣ңࡣ
ӱΪߣ뿪Ҳܾˣ˵Щһӽϴ˽Ĳࡣ
ΪβţأһȻ̤˵úǣӵΪѵڵ㣬ȴԾɫ˷ѽ⡣
ӺǺЦȻǺõģһȴҲķѹջһɡ㣬˼伫֣񲻸ã
أĻԵȴڳԺϣʵ벻סһųӣ仰е١
һ¶ɵ飬ӲΪҡҡͷΪ˵һЩʶȴһ㡣
ֵΪΪʲôվˣѰ˿ʯͷʱѶ϶Էѣڳ̬ʮһƹģ
ΪʲôǰʳĻƼ򵥣ȴûشһĬ
ԵõһЦ˽ɣ볤Ҳ밡̤˵֪ô¡ɾΣ˵ãʦڵ˵ɡ
ʦڵֻһСţΪǽڵĸ֡ڷУˣǰҲǸ߲ʵĴڡأʦ˵ԪµսսΪأΪбΪߵ˴ڡ
ʦܲӣ˳ɢޡûŵıӻֵңڰ
˵ˣڵΪ˭ĽмԽǵǵأǶ꣬ɻŵʱһ첻ڿΪ£Ԫľװ˴ù
˵ʮ꣬ҲΪǺľ٣ҲˣǼʱҪ飬ӹÿޱȰ
ӸпһһЦֵѻдõǰ̣޴־һʶǺǣ
һĬ죬ͻȻʵ
ҡͷ˵⹤򣬻ȵʹ죡οҲֻڷǰãʿǰ⣬㲻ʶ̽顣
һüͷƤգ£ʵѶԷ֮ȤˣʶԵЩʱǲɣ
ƬĿɫЦǸԶ֮˰
ֻҪۣʳأһ翴ӵϣǬʶŵвǶšöԷ˵˵ĵΣ˵Ҫ
ǰδǳûֺһһٱǹȥˡӺܴ󷽵׳е˵ЩҲãѰɣ
һӹһһƬ¼Ʒ֮һƬصǽ֮䲻꾡ȴŵĶ
һ¶Цݣ˵лӵˣ
ԼǸ̰֮Ӱ˽˵ɱġԷ£ȴһģһŶԷûбֶΡ
ӵ۾ʼնһԷûб˵ͼվɫɵ˵ʵЩȥ˴ĺ򵽵ġȻҳֵܣֳҵһ񣬹ɾ⣡
ֵܣҺʱֳˣһľĶ̽˼ôණȴ÷ˣֻҡҡͷ
ŻŵĶˣת۳ֵܡһô룬ЦǺǵͷǰ·ҪֵܺȾơ
ֽǸһ俪Ķڣ֮ʣֽºˡ
صǼ侲Һ󣬳ӱҪŮƲˣһҡͷֹɲôòƺӳֵܣٻ죬뿪
һ治׷뿪ԼԺӣų׷ʼհĵķֽҲûóգֻͳЩ۰


271 ˰ڼ
ڶһ磬ɵĺ뿪Ƴǣ̤;
һշؿջ󣬱㽫̽ľ׷Ķ̽Ҳȥ˵ֻǸǣϵһףԺвͨˡ
û뵽ǣӵǻˣ˿ջһеĳסЩĪĩˣ˴˵ֵʶΪͶԵڴٴξס
ҲЩͷԣѯʱһֻúǺһЦ˴¡
¥ĲշڣһϣһƬԳӵĴͼ
йشĵԪ˵ġӼǡУżԵ¼˺һִӽϴ֪һЩ˽ͼ󣬴ĵһб
Ľ󣬲¼ʮͼУɽעĸŵڡ
һʶУϸؿţ״ʱδ⡣
Ԫ˵ĵһ㡣ҲԪҲоƣ֮ʱԪաԪ˵ĵţ޷Գ޵֮˰ˡɴ˵֪֮Ҳ˲ࡣ
ԼĹƵһ¡һŻԼкιֻһɺϰˣ
λڴĵĸأͨ壬ɽڡ
Ľ֮أΪɽУ޷壬Ǻƹĵ̣ߵĴУһԻڱڴ˴ڣߵĳɽ֮У˸Ҳط
ͼвдСڣעһЩ뼯УЩʿͬáеһ۾ĵһسԺУʵ˷ܡ
ӵһҡͷЦˡȻԷȣûɴԼռ˼ҵıˡ
һǸѰ䣬䲻֪ΪƶɣϸСĹâһᣬԼôӦǷʿʶ̽͸֪Ĳʿ˵ȥѰЩˡ
룬һֳһӡӵ㲻ÿˣֻǹͺͺһȦ⻹ǴǸֱľϵõģûĥ͸һֱûóѰ䣬һ֣˴
ϸϸһеȦһ㶫ߵţһʶǽȥѵһƣеȦٵǰĥãǲ䷨Ա便
ˣԼĻ̫٣Ͻ֮ͺˣӲƬһ˵ıǽ֮
һ뵽˴⴫ľĻ
һҰţ
һֻϵĶһУ˷š
𣿡ľվǰһЦЦ첽˽һȹ绨ݣһ֦ɰ
Сѣ𣿡һڷʵ
û±㲻𣿡ԭĿľϣȴǴЦݡ
һǽ֮Ҳû±ҰɣһûӦ齣ǰ£˵ľ
һû͵˼ľȻһЦδǱȭ˵лҶ˱
רлҵģһ̧ͷľʱѴ󷽷
һأʵ̵ģľһ̬һЩϰߡ
°ϷԸʱѴӦˡһӦľæ˽ϡ
ҴӦʲôҲûһҡͷ˵ľҪʵģĪϵ飿
ľæͷ˵ǰ͵ƿҷºһֱھϢȴʼδʲôΪأ
ô׵ģҲ̫ļ˰ɣһȴ˵Ҳȥ̽Էӡ
Ҳ֪ǺԵʰһѭ򽥽δ룬һ˵뵱ԼҲϡͿġ
ľȴǲһĻһȽΪߵˣ᲻ЩŵĵԴһᣬоǺɵɫ
һֻǰ
ǽϸҵĹҿǲķӲѽ֮£ľóһƬƤд֣ӦǽרΪܳġ
ðɣ⴫ġһҡͷ˵
Ͻģ޷ľƤϣͲ֪ؾ˵ҿǣС
һֻƤӦǽ޵ĹҲûУֻһЩϢķţӦڵŹ١һ㽫Ƥȥ
㻹ĵȥ˵ˮʯһ֮¼ġһ˹˵
ľ¶ʧ̾˿˵뽭˵һ£Ҳáȴ޽չұ㾲Ǻã
ž˼հͱԼȴƵľһЦʱҪĿ뾲һ㾲̸ֺأ
ľһ壬˵ŶͰ˴˵ȸΪ˵Ҳġ˵ţֶԹһС㿪ʼͺˡ
ľĻǺһ㶣һҡҡͷ˵Ҳǿ˰꣬ŵڰʲô
ûϾұ޸ʮ꣬ҲȻһľĸܲΪȻ
ꣿ벻ľһ˫ʣʵ㵽Ϊ˼ꣿǵں󣬺ʱΪ
ľĻһһ£Ҹ˵ЩֻǶԷеУЩ޿κΡ
̧üͷͻȻ뵽ʲôһһóһСƿŵϣ˵Ƴǵõһƿá
ƿľʱ˷ŵĻһץСƿЦƿҩ˵ұܽأллһˣǺǣ
һܳȥľһ˿ֻǣľ鷳ˣȴѧˡҡҡͷҷʲôģǴɶѣ
ľ˵ҩľȥˡһͷϻһƿϴԪ˵ϰãӦǳЩƦģԼԽԪˡ
õ˵ҩֵϲʿһǴĵҩȴǿϰǿ壬Ϊ
ⲻҪлСʦЯذ֮飬Ūһ˼аţԺ˴ĺҪѰЩҩǡɲɵˣΪе𣬶Ԫֵ˵Ҳһ¡
һڷϰ֮ʱɵĺ뿪ƳǺŶϷʻȥ
ıǴеı˰ˣϵĵ֪˴ºƣĽԸһ񡣾Υ˵˷ڴһδͷӿ˵¶Цݡ


272 õ
ǰһº;һΪeСͣ󣬺ִҴ̡ʱѹ˴γУ뿪ɽ·߹һꡣ
ʱڣ︴գӿ֮ʱ񣬽һĹ⾰УкϣڴУ۴ããĺˮ˸оڵĸ档
¥¥̨֮ϣ밲Ҳû˵ˣįԶɵЩŵӣܰүݣҲԸӽ
Ǻģ밲йµ
˴ĺѰЩҩˣǻȥɣδػΪԼʲôλʲôȨЩԼңԶˡһ·ϵĵܾ˿ͷԼĸۡУֵү
̾˿밲ĽŲɽ뽹û֣Цݣ罭һ㣬˹֡Ҳȭ񡣴һϣ̧ͷͷʲô
ź밲صģɽЦۿű˰ڼ빫Ӧǰ
ǺǣûʲôǺ紵ˣЩˣ밲ڰ֣ɫָ˳̬ʵһҪ̽˴Ժ󣬺ʱأ
õϣƺˣֻ˫ĿȻһ£˵Ժ󣬺ϵĵҪúýһЩӣҲ޲һ¡һҲҪԺܷء
ɽһԵͷ˵빫Ҫźȥ˵鵤ҲɽӦˣЩ뵣ġ
밲ͷлЩɵ˵һһ䣬֪ղĵأ
ԣɽһ㶡һүӣ밲ò֢˰ɣ
Ǻǣֻʡͣϰ̫ˣֻʦָ㣬ѧЩǿķŶѡ밲˵
ЩС¶ѣԺȥ˵٣ɽˬʵЦ밲ЦЦڴ˴˼˵ʶȤس˹˵λ㣬ʧˣ
ź밲ԶˣһԵĽЩʵɽŰɣϣǴӦˣ
ϳҡҡͷɤҲС࣬˵иүӣ磬ʵȻ˵Щתʵ쫷紵ԭеĺҵ˴֪ĵȷз𣿡
õɫһظ˵Ϸİɣϸϸ˺ͼԱ֮£⼸ѽӽԭеĺһºұصġ
ͺðǽǴˣʵװɽĻдŲĸп
õЦݣ˵֮ʱͼдֻҪϴ쫷뺣Х;ࡣ˵ţ˼һ£ָǰ
ݺͼ棬ǰӦһԻõӦˣȥĵıؾ֮ء볤ϺԼӣɲҪˣǳʲô鷳Щ˲ǵġֻҪƽ˱õֱġ

һ߳ʱ³塣
һһй֮࣬ϰ֮
Ҫ֪У֪Ϥ֮Ʊɣǿʶݣ֮һ£ڽ֮ԿžţȴΪʱ硣һϲƽӹֻԺˮĥĹˣˮɵġٲãҲȶԽһ֪ҪõĶࡣ
ЩˣһϢ֮ʱߴĺ档
ɵĵӼӿ˼װ壬¥̨֮Ҳվˣһ˺󣬸ȥԭһɽĶݹ⣬˵ľ
ΪˣһעĿ˴ôʿڣڵĸ֣Ƕݹʧߣǳź
һ¥̨ʾԶֻϴӰ̲ͷԶɽ졣еýˣ۴һƬ½أȺɽдСӰ涣紱续
ʲôڣһźͿýõҲڣѯʺŵ֪˴ǱõУȴǴĵһŻõ֮㣬Ƭ뿿˲ſȥʴˣɵĺҲڴͣ
عң˽ķ˪֮ɫȴڲס˫ĿеϲɫҲѹ֣˴˵㵽˴ĵĺ򣬱һҲ˸еϲá

õϲ޳ǹȴһͷĽУȺַǷɵĺʱʣڵȥһЩһЩش߱ӿ˵ϵĽС
˴ӦǵִǰһͣһɨյǷϣ±õ˸߲
һ·֮ܵó˼ʶĵڽϣҲ˷ִݡУһɽǰͣ½Ų
һƬׯ԰ǰᦺбôջĸֺĿʱƻ裬סʱ˱ѡ˴˴š
˿ջԺţӭһľ¥Եúɣͷܶǰ֪ڵӭ
¥ĺ棬һƬլԺһнԷסæϴšϴþˣ˵϶һ㺹գ֮ҲһζһϱƬȾźܵҲϴһ
ɫΪ⣬ϳѷԸõ߳ջסĿԻŵķʳʵʵסһҲ˳̡ǰ¥ʱ߳ţѰȥ
ɵļϵסһݡǰŻķʳУֻа׷һˣһزˡԹ˼ЩûʲôԱաס˿ջƣʵζ
Ц˹º˵ʽЩȴùϰٱʦ֪ɣ
ڿϵķˣҲŲԸͷ⣬ЦҪȥǰ¥ٽˣ
ټһƣһϣ͡
ƵζľƳҲŷ룬£ҡͷ˵ϳϽСЩΪã
æ˵ʦ˵䲻߳ջû˵ýƲ԰
ʱſ߹һˣﶯһ˽
λʦ֣ѵдȥ¥ð
̧ͷһסڸڵҦӡ
ҦʦܣҲȥϲ
Ҧӳλʦֱֹ֣ͷ˵ںϣһƯһ£絭ˡǰǾ¥㼸Ⱥġɿڵģٺһͷ˯һ񲻿գ
Ҧӳżλʦһȥֳż˵ϵķԸ㲻ջ¥ڿջ氡ⲻϸʦֵܳԺһ
ȽǰķһƣֺǺǵվǰҦӼͷһƣЦҦʦ˵ߣͬȥ
˹ıߣſʱȻ׽еʦ֣ʦ֣˲ȥ
ǴȾƣʱȥʦֵܵ档ӿЦԷеķ룬һͬ˳ȥ


273 
ҦӱȥȾƣżλʦһˣ˳ǰ档ʦֵ϶Щһ·Ҳûطò¥ܲúóԺһ
¥ҲͼԶ·תۼ䣬˱㲽һ¥á
еطȾƾͳɣ¥ϵżˣ˱һſǰ¡
ʱϾ¥Ͽ͵ʱ򣬴ʮӶˡҦӣкϾϲˡ
һƬȴԵ֣ߺĳ棬˵ͷҲֻƲúõغһ
¥ⲻؾƲҲϲ˵ĹֻܺŻϵڣȳű˳Ժȵʹ죬ˮˡ
˵ʳᾫڲϸѷԸˣ¥Ʋ˳ѵһξ¥ʦұضҦ˷ܡԭȣһʦֵǵĲĿĸơý˻ᣬ뼸λʦֺú׽һ
ҦӣҦʦܣһ˵Ī¼λֳͲֳżЦѵüҦʦ󷽰ֵҲմ˶ʦֵĹˣ
ҲЦʦֵһԾƣ˭Ӷһǽ˵Цˡ
ҦЩʦദĲãȴ뼸ʦֵĹϵһֱһ۾ǳ쳤ġʦֵһ˵ЦһߵžƲ֪Уϵһ趼ˣƲ˻δ
ҦЩͷһӺƣҶѵ˰죬ƲΪγٳٲɤͦףһЩеĳԿͣ׷˿˹
һæ˹Ц˵λ͹ҪŭƲϾԴƬ̣
ҪȵʱٽƲҦӵ۾
ǸһЦԹĶǱƲˣü˶ϵһˣҲи󵽲ǡȴ˵źûȸλϺƣƵСˣȺΣ
һСܵȥʱơ
ҦȲùƺΪλʦһֽԼľƱϡ˶ƳҲ˲¾Ʋˣ
Ҧδط±ӣÿŸǰӦԼеĲˣæֻƣ콫ȶ
ƾҪǰȴһ𡪡
ƣ˸үү͹æЦתȥ
״Ҧ˲ѭȥԶΧһˣ˵ǸʮˣŻֻϸĿӥǡԵ鼫Ϊ
˻ưذ°ͣбӵĿУ¶ĵ̬Ȼû⼸˷
Ҧλʦⲻ۸
ƣվסҦһӣŵǸƽŲһ٣һΣǰѡ
Ҧʦܣ԰꣡Ҷһǣִѡ
ΪҪľƲ˳ٳٲҪøˣһĻǮԾƣڴУҪֳҦл𣬺һɤӺ󣬸ҪǸƣʦֵĻг£Ҫס
ĶˣûүүĻ𣿿콫Ʋүүĸ㣿˵ˣɤŲߣȴ͸ܵšȻǺ´ˣɣæ˹ȥ
ˣ˭ǿʤʱΪ˼С±ĶΪ˲ڰεڽżʵġһ·֪˽Ǳ˽Щ㻹Ҫ̡
ϾΪʦ֣Ϊ˺ˬȴʧȡɫ䲻ÿй֮£ĿʾȶˣΪһʱʢ֮졣
ĿɨλʦܣȴҦѻվɵһüͷҦʦܻǴ治ס֪˴Ⱦɽ
˺˭أָ˵ˣҦŭʵ
ЦһϹżڽɫмؿҦӣ˵Ҳö
һôЦУ˵ضƱĸ緢
Ҧ罴ϣæֹҦʦܣ£
ҦʦֵĻ˫ĿԹصһۺ󣬺޺£ҧгݵһֽѵ
Ҧ˵Ҳû¸ˣҲֻܷһɧˣ
ҲǸƢͬòᡣʦȻͬǳҲֻҡҡͷ
ԶеûסҦӵ
ʳǶΪⳡִһ±ҲȥˣδϵҦӵɤŲС˻ȥȻҲˣȻŭ
ţ֪⼸ЦһѰǵ鷳ǺõˣǳԾʱոӡǸԼĲ֪
ԽԽ𣬡һ㽫еľƱˤˣ͵վδСҲڱõҰǲǻòͷˣ
ڵĳɫһ䡣ȻǳԼģŲԸݡ
˼ĸ˲ҿСҲд˭֪޳ͷҹүүܿȣ
Ǹ޳ӣ֣ʢˡеʳȴ˾ռߣҲ֪˵ĵԣһͷԺȣ˸ҳ໰ǵĻƣҲŵ˸ûӰ
ʦ֣ȵͺһⷬ޶˵߬ȭͷͷֱðмڣǲš
ޱţһԲʦֵиʧΪʦֵѴ̡
ڵҲлȴҲ֪ʦֵĹǡҡҡͷЦˣҲˣһȥ˯
ĬĬͷǸ޳ǿҲվ
޳һ磬ȴǣĸζԷҪߣĵڲ֪£ˣ
վס뿪𣿡޳һˤ䣬Ǳ˫֣ڵ˹
ú뼸ʦֳԶپƣ˻˵ƻûԳɣҦӵŭƽԷǰǰһĿضǸ޳ĳ˼֣أ
ڵĶ˾¥ƹһʮ˹ȴҼ޳֣˵޳ڰ㻹òˣֳ弾Ц˵⼸λ͹Ҳൣ
˴ԲǾ¥ƹ񡣼˱£ֱա˭룬Ǹ޳Ըˣļͬ飬ʮƤģҲٻش
޳ͷ۾һգ°һ˦Ǹƹİڰ֣˵ְŵˣٻ˶Ҹ㣡
Ǹƹһ޳ᵽ磬ͬʲôɻһ㣬ε̾Ϣһҡҡͷ߿ˡ
۽ǳƹıӰȥ޳غһȴǰ˺üĿǸű㲻˳۵ˡ
ߺȣ׳޳ĵͷҰ


274 ٲά
ڱõͷƬطѾõ޳۸Ǽҳ㷹
үүǣүүŹ㣬Ȼ޳Ļ˵꣬ҦӱƽԷһȻ
ɵУ˵鱩ĻҦӣϵɷһ㽭ܱȣƣ޳һ
ǰԼ׳öˣ֮µ޳Էݣ㲻ұġͲסԶҦӣֱ̧һơ
Ҧ򵽣Ȼȶ֣Ҳˡͷһƫץס޳󣬽һ˳ȥ
޳һϡ໡һҽУҦһɣһĽű˳ȥ
򶷣޳ҦӵĶ֣Է飬Ҳһ߳һɶԶ
оһƬʳܣ޳ײŷУƷһء
ͬ޳ѪǱҡҡλվܻؽеˣҪҸƤĽ
һţδҦӳִ֣ˣкʦȥ
ո߳¥зλ֪͵Ϯ书ʦֵˣæȥǼ˳֮ܳˣﻹŶУŽֹ޳
һܣס򣡡޳ź
¥ǰʦֵ˱ǼõƤΧ˵䡣˴ˣΧ۵Ҳ࣬ɵĵ˹
ʦֵܼһˣⲻҪϳѵˣ˴˽һݣҪ
¥ǰŵ⣬޳Ѫеؿ۵ҲӳԴˣһܷŹ⼸Сӡ˿ѪݽеʲôҴ򣡡
ƤԷ޾ɫҦӳΧȴмɵҶ֡ɰ޳԰˼иĸ磬ۻɶ£
ƤǻеĶУƵ
ʦֵվһ𣬿ΧƤԼǶϵĺ⣬û˾ʧ룬Ŀڴһˡ
ֺߣĻĿһԸһ䡣ʦҲһֱĬ¶Цݡ
ĵӰӭŶжϣ׹һġϡͨ𣬸ոջʢ˵Ƥһأֹ
ֱ˶֣ûзסֱջ֮ȥת۱ʧҹɫС
ģôˣ
޳ĸǽеĸְУܻغɥأȥͷϸҲһ飬Щʲôͷ
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޳ȥ¥ǰ࣬ΧҲɢȥеǻȥԾƣеĿͷȥ¥ҲµĺڰУȴվż˲δȥĿⳡŹһ뽭ϵˡ
ʦ壬ⶼǵ֮дɽ˵
˵⼸СϣɻֳۿžҪˣǧҪٺ֦ڡõβȥӦһ£ֱӻشϰɣ
˵ǽϣȻйǡɽ˼ӳ˿ջֿ˵
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һڷǰⲽ󣬱÷ǰ¥ֳĶ̫󣬻Ǿ˺ͷеˡҴðһϵҲǰȥҲȥһ֡
Ǹ޳ֵףΧ۵мʹɵĵڣҲ򽭳ϳ϶ϹۣҲû¶ͷƤѣס˵ģҲֵʦڡõ¶ˣ
϶һĻΪȻɽ¥ƹǰ
һǸʮƹɽ˸ǰʵҹɫУϰ׷룬ģƹĲҵʱش
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һɽߴǧɣֱƺΪú塱
úһɣԻúڡʿϰˣص˴ڡУЩͽʿҲٲ˼̻𣬱ƿ˱õƬЩʿרҲԸţ˲ٷСǸ޳Ϊµ֮һֻǣиеʿ
ʴˣͷһ޳˸ǡ
ĺܶ࣬Ҫͣ˴úҲ˷޳һˣڼúаԵңڡϵס;¥ջԹ˼ţҲǽ߾С
ˣ޳޼ɵ޷졣ⳡ⣬Ҳ³ɣ
ƹ񴦵֪Щ󣬽ϵǸˣԼһС嶼ҵ˵һˡúڴĵУ˵ǸСţʱȴͬһɽһ㣬ѹ͸벻һƤǣοɱǳʲô
л¥ƹԺ󣬽ϱһط顣
ֵѣ¿鷳ˣסһĸڣԷԼķ˵
һҲеЩͷۣ˸ƤǳԼѰҵģЩ翵µãžǰȴʴӡ
Цһ£һ˵¿ɴС
˻ѻ˵̧ʾ⡣
һº˵С˵޳ǣܳЩûȤҲֲñˡֳΪǿڱԸˣ糤ԣ鷳ˣ
ʵһлδ˵ڡ˼Ҫǹѣ߲ˡŽΪɽ𣬹һأߵĵļſˣ뼸Ƥһִֹ˴˴εԶС˵ϲ뿴ЩҲܲʵ
Ҳû뵽ҹ˴뿪ֻǴ˴ͷ˿أڼúڵƤӵ£ܲ
˹꣬ϲŭɫĽϣΪЩġַ룬ɫЩƣĿһʵֵѿжԲߣ
ʲôԲߣΪˣ˵ķݶûУ΢ᰡ֪ΪΣһǰǰŮӵӰˡҡҡͷ˵Ըһҹ£뿪˵ء
̾˿˰죬ε˵һ䡪
Ҳֻˣ


275 ֵ
úͷλڱõԶͷȥʮɽ֮ϣһƬլԺ˴ǼúڵıԺҹɫУԺǰҲûУºġ
ԺסһڵĹ£мڵĵӡ⼸˵ְ𣬱ǹϽúԼĺ򡣴˴˿ûֻҲ
ʱһ³ɽµС·ϣʵӰһ㵽һߴԺǰŴŽյԺȴż
ǰ޳ͬĲӻͳһ
һ·۵˫ЩԺǰ޳еһ
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ڴ˴ң޳׷Ըһ㼱ææ˽ȥֱͷŲҳ
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ƤƤϵĹһԹ۵вtУ۸ѰҲܴպϣЩɵĵӽһ֮СƲ˱ҹȺȻɢһɼˣһҦԸ⣬ʩչṦ׷һŵһ䲻ȥƤҲһʱ
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277 
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278 ҹ
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һһǸ϶ȻȻıӰĬȻתȥȴĿԼ
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㻹Ҫɱˣɵ涼ˣҹȥͷҲأﳤȥȴǰԸ̲ѣΪβһƴǸСأ
ʦ֣ʦȥɣ뼪ɶˣϴζЦݣɣȴһʱüƽϡתӣһڣһСˣߣ
һؿڣǹѪ俴ЩȥıӰ
ʦ壡
һ
ֹӣ
һֱֹۣסΧˣ˵˵ģɢ˰ɣ
ƶŲһתÿһ˶ǰ档ɳһʧȥŵӣ⻹״Ρϵɣ¸֮ʹ
ҹߣ
̾˿һ˵ʲôͷԼĿͷȥŨصİˣʹҹɫӵҲ˲Ըͣ½Ų
ݱ˷ţһϣ۾
ͥԺУɵɽ£ȼƣꡣ
һҡҡͷһд˼׿̫ȥЩ˸γϵͱҲԸȥȥϵ֡ҪɵϢ˹ˡ
·ϣעȥŵˣҪǰС


279 
ڶһ磬ɽһѯǷ̡
ƴǣҲûյĿףһ㲵ϳϣֻ֣صص˵ͷ
ԺȺʱɫЩ԰׵һʱעĿһȥĥĿⱳĺ壬ֻ΢΢ףջȥ
ԪԪ˼״æ˵ĹУԱһĽŲȣʹñ֮ˣ˿
һƿƲᣬȴǺء⻹ҪڵܣڽҪͷһҹĵϢѺ˴롣
ҹǸʦʱѱһֻǴ˲δв
ʶУһ֪ԷΪǿǰϣҲضáֻôһڵĸ֣ȴڰҪʲôҪֹҪԼʩչһ
ֹ֮ʱμȻǶ˵ϣΪ˶ൣϵȻһ̹֮ˣһ϶˻̻Լɵĵӡ
һֻԼ͵Ϯһֻ㽫ͷԺô˵ͼ㲻׽ˣ
úڵβ֮»档ΪֵŭԹ޷ճ֮ʱô֣ⲻҪΪһ˶ϡ
̶̵ʱڣһ˼ת󣬶ĳһԵĲ²⡣
ʴˣҪɱʱһԥس裬ȴҲͬڰͷ¶βˡûд˴ڣͲס֮£˵᲻ὫԷɱˡŲΪʿԼɱһɵ߲Ϊ
ڵĸֲܲһͶһŭ֮ɱϿǰˣʦҲֻ֣ԼҲӴ˽١ǼɴҲӲɽ׷ɱΪǣԷǨŭɵЩˣյĽ֪
һóȻԵУҲöԷԼĵϸ֮£༤Է볤˻ͷϣջˡ
ΪԷλ̻µӣҲΪŵ룬ܳ˵乫ȴϴ˵˵ֻԼһƣ㲻㡣
һƻ֮ʱһȻҴ⣬ڵĸ֡ױʱж֮ȴֻǵܻסǿ˶Էһ
ڸֵһδȫҲڵʿɵֵġΪ£ˣֻܰ˰ڲϸһƴľֹֺγأ
ȥȡµӵһƴˣֻöԷ֡˾˱裬ҲΣԲҪһⱯģʲô
Էɱˣ뽫ɵȫɱ⣬ҲõֵʱˡǸúڵĳʵ޳ܣڼΪˣֽѵһ󣬻˳˹׷ɽһУֻ

մӶ𣬸ܲһ˿ů⡣ͷһյ֣ôİõطһ·Ͼһȴֲ
緫Ŵеյʻȥ
صϣһһαŲ֪뾲ޣ˸ţΩɽÿǰһƽ
һ֪ᣬҲһ֪ްʱɽѭ֮¡ֻ˻һ
ֹӣ޷ԸɽȥˣɽʩɤЩͳڻûжʼˡ
ԺƬ̣ɽֱҪŲŲ֮ʱ޷Կ洫һϳ
Ų£ɽ˽ȥȴһصмɵһһպôһһС紵ȥм׳˴⡣
ɽֹӣеԼʧ̬ɽ˺һʩ
һЩɫҡͷ˵ϳˣҵԵˣ˵ţԷ˵
ɽʮ꣬ȴǺ̬꣬ǷϣŸʮģһ㣬ɼЩﲻ̫ùһֹлǰ£ֻ˫Ŀֻ˿ǽǳĬ
һɽ˵ҼȻ֮ͬ꣬ԺǻһЩҲ˶ԷӦ˵ݲͬҲԵ˵ϳ϶һ١
ԣɽЩתȴһʾ⣬˵׸ĸ˫ʦң书Ϊ֮ʦأδ֮ʱ˼֮ȥТұص磬˹ѵõʦŵĴУ·һҪȥġұ㵽ɡ
Уһɽ⣬˵ɽһݣҲǶɣ֪һʵݣҲ򽭳ϵԵʣеĽȴʼմڡ
ŵӵһȥۡϵȥȴͬһ㡣ɽ˹ôɥǾǰ;ȴҲģ
ԺһķԸɽҲӣȴҲһҲʮ꣬ôһˣܵɵû뵽ǣ±Ųһ˵ôһϯ
ʦԪӵ֮ʦֵƵһĻɽЩԷ˵ĿϲЩҡ
һʱ֪Ǻãɽ´ȣϵ̬Ҳḻࡣ
ɳγֲ⣬ΪҪԵΪȣ¹ˣҽԲطϡңͬУһУҲǳµ塣
һɫƽƽһ˶˵ţɽ֪ҵݺ󣬲δм֮⣬νмӣ֮ʱ˼һɴУƴǣѰ
ǽµдյȥ˵Ľʯİٶ飬ҷֺδһ˵ţóһСӣŵɽǰ


280 
ɽЩ㵣һվ
ЩϳջȥҴӦ˽ϵģʳԣһ˵δɽǻȻɫ˺һ˵һĪŲɽ
һɫ䣬ҡҡͷ˵Ժν⣿
һŵǧжɽСŮ״Щƹܣ·ǲ֮һɽ޲Ӧӣǰеʧ֮ƾ𷣣ɽ˵ţ֣һ
һǰһѣɫ˵ȻϳܲǰӣһףȴҲ˺
ʱɽĵûɵһɡ
ʵµʯɽûôȴǶɴҪЩʯɵۣδһĵز
˴һ̬ɽºֽ˵ϳһ䣬Σ֮ʱȴδҴ֣֪жߣ
֮һ˵ĿУһֶԹǰϵΪ㣬Ϊ㲻ͦأǱ˽ϵ޹䣿
ãЩĿԹвʡбȴûжԹޡºһδκἰԼĿԡΪĵ²ǻףʲô˵أ
ɫԻɽһĿҲࡣ޸пĸߵĶףͷ˵Ҳ˵ЩӣɽҲĶԹЩӣĿʹ˼ʹһжȻͷգұ㲻ڴ˴ˣ
ɽɤЩɬ̾˿˵ʦΪʦţνϹᣬϧһҵһҵִԲǹ˼һġҿڣ˼ͽܣ򣬺Ԥϰ˶лˣ
һС΢ˣΪµһԼˣͬʱҲΪʿȴ˱׳˶ݣҲ˻̿֡
ʿʲôȻҹ֮еһյƻ𣬷ʱʱϨ
һӳ˼ʯмָп˵ϳҲǸˣһΪԱ磬ǱˣҲһᡣֻԸ֮οɣ˵ţóһ壬ϡ
ɽ¶ɫһ˵ЩһЩ壬ЩôȥǷˣҪ
ϵ壬ɽȻ˵Щı֮ô
ϲЩԺδ˵ˣ˴˽ޣһҲ
ɽЩεĴ֣һתʵ֪ΣУ֪ɽɷƺһֵܣ
һЦôƺ泤ϰɣ˰ѮȬˣҲЩġ
ɽϵǷ֮⽥ʧ˻Ե㲣֮ݳʼԵþࡣץʵֵܱ㲻ˣϱô
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ֣ص˵ȱС壬СȴɵֵѰʿȫһˣ
һĻɽͷе壬ʮƬʮŵӣľúˣɲʮ
ɽͷһۣۿ졣һ·ϣ뻢õĵӣŵӱȥ˴롣ǰˣȻȥôźЩӵ˫أ
Щģͬһ֮İһһЩϾʱƼɣҲҶԴһ⡣һת⡣
ţշ
ɽ壬лһסʵľˣ޿нչ֮һ֮ǲ˼ʶ̽飬ʶдһʡ
ڹһ˵һǺǣ㻹ȥѾͷɣɽЦݡĽᾡݶޣҲ񶼻ˡ

һڴ¥Ļϣһ˫ڵĵü£ϤЦݣƽԵóǵͦΣū\ٷ磬עĿ
֪Ӻʱ𣬺ϵϰһ˵Ĵڡ뿪õӰ㷡һȻʹĵ׵ʯͷ˵ء
ʦ壡ϵ˺𣿡Ԫϲɫӭ滹ͬһЦݵԪ硣
Ҳϰһüͷ
ЦԪ磬ǵԪŭⲻǹʦܱ
ˣʦҲͰˣƺϾġҵˣһҲ¶Цݡ֮׽ģֵ˴Ҳϰ϶Ȥ
ʦ壬ҿأԪһ˵
ʦֶҲǺǣȥʯ￴һԪߵʯķǰһ׺ĵæʩ񣬲ߺһֹӵ
ǰľ˸еһȻ֨ѽһ򿪣ʯӭ˳ȭʩһ׿ԪԪ磬ҲһĺͿ˼߽˷š
ʯк·裬һʵðɣ
ʯһɫЩæ˵ҵлˣ
лңǰô¶ʯϴδ¶ЦݣͲЦʱޱ飬ֻĿЩҡæ״ЩÿһЩأҵЩҲǾ⣬ʱǰ⡣
һĿʵǲǽϲˣҲرŲЩ˼
ʯͷͷĸˣȴҴ𻰡һһļͷ˵ҲˣɵҲΪȣαЩףͽЦ
ӽ̻壬ǣʯʩһСĵֱӡ
һ²Ĳ׺ɱˮ𣬽Ĵڣͬáɵŵȥô࣬Ҳˣ䱾زЩ׺ĵǡ
Ƶķ壬Ƕ˰ɣȻˣܲܲǡ
ڰֹ֣סʯİлһ˳ȥ
׺ĵΪȣ˾塣Щ˲ϲ̸ʯһ䡣ºǸɴ䣬ɱҲ˺ΪȴǶһֳƣһȤЩ˴һʱ򣬶ԷǰڳʱļƣʹһЩڣֻǲ˵ˡ
¥̨Ϯ棬ĿԶľʱࡣԪЦʦ壬˰ǰڴҪؼһ㣡
ʦִԲӣ֮أĿɲҵļҡʦ壬˵ǲ˰Ԫ˵
һأչ½ǣ˵һλ˵İǼ磡Ԫ˵ҲԣԪ˵Ҳûҵļڴģ˶С꣬⣬Զı䲻ˣ
ԭֵʱûʦôѧʡΪѧҲżٺ٣ȻԶ˵ҲȻͬԪҲˣһ˵Цš
һƤһҡͷЦһңһСӰˣʲôѧʣ
ʦ壬˶羰ΣԪûʲôȤţֵҲ˵һ˵Ԫ˵
ԪҲ͵ֵܶҲõԪ۵ĴУ˶Ҳʦڣ
ʲôʦڣԪ۲˵ʦ𣿡һдʡ
ʦֱʦѵǣֵԺԪ۵ĵˡԪѾˣȻٻذƹۣԪǲ롣
ԼӸӣһɵˣǶľ֧ԪԪ˵Ԫһջ׳ǰֵܣһЦҲ
˶ԪڣǧɽѩƮջļһϰ侲޵ĺڰһ˼ҲƮԶˣĿо׷ɫ
ǿǸȥʦ˵㲻˸ʦкˣԪ˷ܣǵһ˵ʦûˣȴҲ´Уȴ֪жˣǰȥ֪ԼıǸ߻ǵ͡
һЦЦ˵ȷʵһǺ˵𣬼ӵĸףĸ˰ɣ
ԪЦЩŹ֣ʵʦ岻˵ЦԪ۾ĸˣ⡭


281 ˹
˵ʲô
ʦűˣûʲôġһȴԷеĲ⣬һ䡣
ԪٺһЦû˰
԰ʦ壬㲻˵𣿻˭˵ıֱ𣿡Ԫ׷ʵ
ǰԪԼͻһЩһóͷݺݸԿһǣԪЩ
жˣֵˡԪ۵ıߵġһ˵
Ԫתһתһ˵Цص˵ͷ˵ʦ壬ԪˡʵԪֻʣһˣ˸ͽܣߺ󣬴ûԪۣ˵أ
ԪĻûһ棬˵ȴʵһ룬Ƴ˶һ˵һڣԪ۱ڣĪǺˣ
Ԫɫһ˵ʦ˵ҶҲû˸ĸˡʦȥԺֵܶ˱޼֮ˣʦ岻ҶˣԻڣ
ʦ壬ʦ˵ǣԪ۲ֻ㣬ֵܶأԪɫҲ֣
һǣЦԪһգ
ԪҲ¶̬ٺЦڲ֪Ϊʦţ˵ҲǸĪ⣬ѱٰ
ʦ˵ٻأԪֹһ䡣
ǺǣԪ˵ûʵܽԪ۵ĴȥӦҵĳԣ˵Цȴǿ֮⡣Ԫ࣬ҲѧѧԪΪ˵ĺͷԳһ˫һһ˵
ԪǺٺЦʦ壬ֵȻģɲðġ
ʲôʦʲôĵӡԪ൹ԪӵļַǣԴڶгؿʣΪѲԪԹֱʦĸͣӦһеˡ
¥̨˵Ц֮࣬ȥɼĺϣʱд֣żкӭʻЩԶôһƬĺҲ
̺Саǰķ羰بŲĵһӱöʶ
֡ʦܣ
һת˵һŽྻ毺õЩݣһ˫Ȼξˮĳ֮ɫ
£һʵ
ʦܵĳƺδöԷ죬޽ǵҷ˵ʦҪʦ̣֪㷽𣿡
ĨǵԼʲôһͷԪ˴˸кľķС
ľϣɫ죬һˣδֻǶü΢Щɫ
һһ㶣ѯʵĿ⿴档ҡͷЦʦõҲֻͷʦˡ
ǰһ´ľʵľôˣ˵˵𣿡
ľ̴δ΢΢Щ˵ļЩδ֣ڵҴܣ֫뵡ΣҲ˵
⡭йƫɣһЩΪѵ˵
ʦɵҲ߻ħЩʵ
һ˵ɷҪּҲǴͬСģй̫ˣͬƫֻǣҲδֻǲ²ѡ
ʦܣľҲһΡ
ҲﰡϾŮб𡣿ľȥ˵ɴҲ޷ءһͷ˵ľˡˡ
ľ֪һָ壬Щңȴǵ˵ͷ
ұŮ²Сڡ¼Ȩܲҭʳɣʦܲ˶ָšһɫԿο
ˣԼĶˣһչʶ
ľڵҴܣҵϢ뷭Ҳ˶١Եʹһܹ벻ǰŮôġһҪǿ˺ѷεʹ࣬һ߻Ҫ˹ѹСˣ߻ħģһ߰
һջʶѾľ
ʱľϼֱʶ֫ɲǣѹҲûʲôͬ뵽Լⱻһͨ͸ľŶ̽ԷƴŹ֡һȣΩкˡ
ǰй˼ɣ̽˶ԷӺ󣬵֪֢ڣһٶ룬˵ймĸ꣬ŪҪġ
ľͣͷȥ
һ˵䣬״ֻñ͡ǰһǰָľһͳ
һһľϳ쾡ȥ˫ʣǹЦ⡣æǰ˵ʦã𣿡
ľӯ¶ϲɫ˵ʦ㣬޲ʣİɣתֳһ˵лˣֻǻδ䣬һƬơ
ΪľתǾ֮͡һڰʾⲻл룬˵ľй⻹Ⱑ
ŶԷɷµģľ߽ȥҲָ˳̬ԹҵĵҩСɵġЩӹȥˣйиڲɡĪҲ̤˵
ôежЩһ仰˵꣬ľ۾Щϲؿһ
һ˼ľеһ˿޵ԼΪԷ赼ʱδȫɢ
˵ľǿɵġеҩศÿйꡣȴκνչҲѹľļҲһ͵鰡
µй֮һֹʿרõɵϢķšľһ׹֮ѭ֮ѭ򽥽᲻гЧأ
ԼɱЩʿϣҲûʲô֮Լķľͷһð㱻һˡʦŴУˣοԼδأ
ľϲ󣬻һΪȴԷüͷֺԹ˵ҡͷ֮ʱȴԷ۾һ̯󣬳һö˵һɵĹԡ
һóǡƾһеǸɽⲿ⣬Ǹɽеõɴͷϵı⡶ƾҲͬСɡ
ɵĹľȵĿһҲʦһģĽдкĿһСƬ
ʲôҲûаϲľʵ
һľû޳ʶ򣬱ö˱ֽʣһд룬ֽɵġоű䡷¼һݡ
Ȿɵľѧԭɣͬһϰ治飬һЦⲢϤġоű䡷Ժȥľű֪ˣ
鶯ȻһЦ׳л
µһķųദΪǢ
ﶼˣһҲû˵֣ѧļֶ辶̾ǰ̵ģҲ˽ϳ϶ڴ£ּɣżҲ֤һ档
ոһգµ׵һ峿ںƯ˽һǣͻȻ֣ĵ˾ͷǰһƬ޼ʵ½ء


 ǱԨ


282 ɽ
꿤˴ľſ֮һ
ٴ󺣣ٺΪͬʱҲ꿤һۿڡ
Զɽ֮УһٵԶȥ
һ³ĵδʱϸɽһƬʵ֮С˶ιٵشƫƧϡ٣㳵ֵ촩һڵС
ϳǸˣü˳۵ģ˯ˡ˱޲ߣŲʱףȴˮĴڣһֻС˲¶һžµС
С㣬һҲͣЪķأ
˵ŮӣӦһŮʮͣԹһ󣬱С´᲻ŮĶ滹һŮӣʮ߰ģɫ𪣬ݣò̬ׯӦŮеСˡ
СݸһЦ˵˶ãûԡ
ŮСһ˵˼˵ʵĪС㲻ӷƣ
Сӵϰԣһſ糵ϸһ㲻ԸͣЪԹ˵үҲ֪˺ˣŵ٣δæֲЯҾ죬ǿСӣǵߣɲأ
Сӣ˵ҵְ΢Ҳɼҵ޷ȴҲˣ
ҲۣҲ۵ģֻҪСߣĺҲȥáץٵСԴһҡΣĵ˵СҲõǣ꣬үתǵġ
СҲЦˣǾͳˣ
ͣһͲסӣһһۺ󣬾ϲС㣬ǰиȥܱҲð
ɫҲˣٵȥʱѰջǺãСЩģĴǸɽŮ߲ҹ·ġ
ں˵Ǿڱ꣬˳·ýѽ
СεЦȥɣ
壬ȥǰľܱ갡Ĵᣬ֪ǳûУֻήٵֱͦ࣬ŵԴҲ¶˳ѵõ˦˸ޣȴǹɣкֱȥ
ٵߵһСɽУһƬǰľᦱˮʪ޷ʹ׵׺ɫľ֣ȴĿ
ܼª͸磬ʱֵʱڣҲͨˬɽľУһЩˣƹϲЦտæȲȷкͣ
ǰͣ£һεСѾͷ˳һĿϲشžеˣһ߳һֽɡ󣬳һòŮӣͶһ߽ͬ˲
ŮӵĵһˬɽϮʹɽľ˼˵ɫʣҲЩõ·ˣ׷̧ͷ
ǣô˰ֽɡӵӭ˵Ŀ⡣СѾͷ飬εòһƬЦ
ЩЦ벻⣬һſǰ˵ƣЩҼСЩˡ漴ͳһŷµӣЦС
֮ͥ£СҲ󷽣Ц֪Ҷˣ
һЦСº˵ѽСܲ
ͶԻȤ֮òˣһЦ
ŷʳĹҲͣһ˫ÿ۾ҳ򣬺עĿһ棡λҼСһĺÿأ
ӱżˣŮӣһŰȹһ¡СѾͷȤǸŮЦҵȿûСòأСãʲô֣
Էƿף£ЦҽҼСл
񣡡ŮҵĹ˵ģСֻ֪֪߳һСѾͷ֪λЦˣ
־ԹֲСӣСΪô˵˼ҡֶŮ˵ûλ㷼أҿɶ˵Լѽ
СѾͷСȴҲúŪŮӶһЦȭ棬ľλã
ŮòͶˣģȭ֮ʣӢˬԺ
벻λ㾹ǽӢ壡ŮӱȭʩӦǽˣлﵹҲЩʶɳ̾
Ԫ࣬λлһʿվ信ʵݴЦ⣬Ӣˡ
ԪԱ߻һĵʿҲҪ֣һ͸СһЩһסֹˣֲǴܣǵʦֵһϣ
лЩۻңһ۵ʿЩɬظ˵Ԫ磡
Ԫ磬Ҳλ㣡ʧʱĲһĿнʵλĿǱˣ֪Ҫȥʲôط
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284 ҹް
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ǵѨЩһ棬һŤͷԪࡣ
ԪӶԷһۣгʣȭɫλǰĻǵѨ˴ֱֵ֮һᣡ
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Ԫ಻ҵԶִȭص˲Ƽˮ꣬޶Թ⿪Ѩ˵գǰһ䣬һɰȥһԷֵĶ˼״ŭ֮²Ӧ䣬ȴϺһѻת
ʦ֣ⷨӵҲϡ棬ֻϰ֮ãӸЩЦ
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˴ѵʯ̨֮ϣۼͻСȴ޲ߡʱˮеˣΩԪлС㣬ľ档
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밲ڵңȴûиûƽүֵǽľֵһĪȥ̻̲λĲѪȣȺǶʳ飡
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ĨһϵѪˮǺ뱦һ˺ۣ鲻ϵѪӻѪ
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밲ܿóЩ뱦ԣͷ˵˱ãֻǳȥ󣬻ѰΪ㿴ɣ
뱦߼һ䣺лˣˡһ¡ƺһ
ѽԱǣ밲ŸеԷƲᣬЩ޴ؽе
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ҧҧ㳶ȥ½˺˲ϾõЩˣʹ۵ú뱦亹졣

һˮ죬밲뱦̧ͷȥʮ⣬һ˴ˮǰǱ
ǱӱݣһʪѹţͬһľˮУǱ˺ɫ£Ŀɨ˵ĺ뱦ʱо¶һ˿ϲɫ
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밲Ҳϲ֣æ޷ģЩ뱦ƣ
Ǽడң±ãūΪƣǱһţһﲻͣллأʮһĵūģ
뱦һɫ͸ЩǱѵߣٺóԾֻܾðСġ
ϣ֮أۼҺΪ㿴ĪˣǱȵظҪ뱦ͷơ
뱦أڵŲ㡣öԷ˹У裬תͻȻƿյ졪


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뱦ŭ֮£شÿһ߷һɶԶ˵ˮߡ
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ں뱦ϵ˵ĨȥѪ󣬰ǱҡеУź밲Ц£ūŵ˰ɣŶԷѪɫЦ
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Է־ģ밲ǲǴ粻ԸŹңԩ޳ģֺαɱأܷŹңҪʲôұʲô
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Ǵ뿪孵֮õװͿɰﻹź뱦ġҲ֪ǻģ㲻ҲֻšҲ湻ظģΪװ֪ҵ⣬ұĻŹ㲻ɣ
ǱĿУ¶ĵɫƱųĻӣʮֵƲҪɱ㣬㻹ʺĳ룬ⲻǸ֮ʲôңΪӣ㵱ɱϣĹβУȻֻеһ;
밲˵ʵ֪㲻⣬Ǻ뱦ѣҲΪѡ㲻ǻµӥȮɱ˵ˡֻǿϧ˺뱦Ҷ꣬ʼĹȴΪҶ
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ɵЩˣŮһһĸ֣öԸ뵽˴Ǳ¼ӿ죬׷˺밲һŽ߷ЦһеС
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ǱɱˣҪɱĻӣүʳĸϥ̷֮ʱı΢ͼѳһӡʹӶԷĿ⡣
밲Ъ˹غһɤӺԵĿ־ѸûŵأֽŲãŲȥ
ܻ֮ɱ㣡£ū澵ˣһڳǱĿ䣬һ̧ǰȥ
ס֣
һͻȻԶǱ֮಻룬Ŀ¶׹⣬ӱ۱´ȥ
ҡ밲شһ
ҡһϺȣһâٿȻǱֱۡ
ѪһǱҺһұϡĿ׹ʢ˷ǰۣ̽һס밲Ĳ
˺밲ӵס󣬰ǱĿɨϵĶϱУ͵ػȥɴ˫ĿУǳտ𾪣벻


291 ɽЪ
һԼ֮⣬̼ɵǰ֮ϵģȻվһһӰһˡ
ź뱦ʬףϵѪɷĿѪδɡǱһ㣬Լϱ۴Ѫ밲ڻУӥצָסԷʺ
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ǱһҲϺ밲ʺĿ־̰Ĵҡ
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״ԪҲɫࡣ֪һȻѣֵܶȥҲǰ״ȴδжѡ
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һĻ治ٳңǻһϸСĻΧڰյƲֹģһ˵Χһֱĺ밲Ҳſˮ˹

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һרעĿ㣬ЩҲ뿴
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ϳԷʱռϷ硣սļд֮ʱȴԷعأӡˣһһСת۱㶷һ
ΪɵĶʦ֣ı书ףһ˵ĽУҲǻǳ֮ĸǽȡԷƴһʱ֮ҲǶ൱
Щ˵ˣݺ꽭ӣߣδһзɲֲ֪һһõĳϣ书νߣǽ˾ĴڰɼˣԷһ𣬾๦˶֮£ջҪڴ˴˸ͷ˵Ƕˣ
ľ֮࣬Щʲô˰ô书˸ǿҲǽһĸ֣书˵صĳҲ·𡣹ʶеģһʱҲӮˣˣԷ˶ֵĳϣܵĿܣ
Ľ֮£۽ǳ鴤ţӶиֵ󺰣һϣʱʮȺǰ㣬׺ݵ˹ȥɵӼʯᣬҲʮ˶ѣ޾ɫӭȥ
һսʼˣЩɱ֮ͽ˴޼䣬ɱ£Ʋɵɵ书ǿΣңһƴɱ
ֻǣͻȺǡģϵƣɵĵƣӦ
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ʱƵƵ֣Щɵӻ絶ǹһ㣬ǶԵ価·磬ȴԷݣʹĿɿڴЩɱҲ⻹ôȥ
ɵӳöԷ֮ʣһ飬ûɱеҺнءϼ״ﻹ˼սһб˳⣬ɽ뼾ҲǼñա
Ŀ𾪵Ŀŵµһϴ󺰵ס֣æɵӼϳֱ̧ۣҲԷֲվһ
һľŲͬɵ˽쳣ɽˣԽңֵܿ˼°Щ壬Ǳͬ˲֮ڽϻңֻʮˣѺдĽˣ
йŴӲֽ֮£񲻻˹أһŭȵеǹ˴ڣǴ˵еķ˿̣޷ŵľȻúҲͬƭһ㡣
һɽ۾΢أ˵Ļд˵ȹأ
ôûУ֪Ŵڣ˴Ӳַ£Ҳˡ̱ţҽңͲŹ𣿡дǣôһ㡣
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ҷ˵ˣҵȲǴĵĽˣɽľҵˡȴţһСˣȴֲҵȣɽ˵
˵ĵطҴδ˵˭ָ֪⣿ŭδһ㣬ǿ硣
ϴʱѲҶԣ϶Щ״ˣ˲̫ǣǲڴĵĽˣӦ˲
һϼͬʧ̬æɿһ˵ˣһᣡȼȷִͬȥ˴棡
ϡʲôæһСѡ
ǳϳ£ź룬ϳϽ˵ǳȲ޹ϸ𣬴꽭¡뽫˽ҵȥ
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ȷҽͬαִڴأΪǧ֮ڣ費סʮˣ
˵ЩóϣþλָʹҲǹ˵ġһԲϱ¶ͱ˵ļ֮˼ˣǲִɽǸ˵ˣŨüһҪ༥
Ǹ˵ĳȴվԽǰˣɽ˱ȭ˵꽭Թ˲ò֡ȥɣ
ӵΪȴֱֹ֪渵ϴȥɣȴԸЩǣˣǹ˼Ľأֻʲôԭ򣬻û֪ʲô
ϳϼɫȻһʱ֪ǺãϾֻǸͬ·ˣԹҲȻгʱԶ˴󺰡
ĵĽҡ


296 ֵ
ԪԪֵɽ˰պ󣬾˭Ҳʦѡ˴˰οţЩʱֶùСľǰ˻ȥЩԸɽмغȥ
Ԫ֪ǰŴһ·˹Ԫ֪ʦֳ˵ʦ⣬мǣţҲֻøʦֺӿ˽Ų
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֪ˣֵæеĶԻԪǸϤĸϣ̼㽫²³˼֣Ȳĺһɤӡ
ұ꽭ˣԪУһ۳ӣ˵ɣ
³ӣЩУΩԪкøУԷʵΣɬػһ䡣
Ԫ಻ΪЦ֣翴ǳˣ
ʦ֣Īǳ򶼷ǳˣԪҲʦֵĻЩʲôһ䡣
Ԫ಻Ŀɨ˺лڵϵļʬϡЦһȻףŸ˵ұģ
æôãɲΪС˵ǳ˼ۺ죬ɶԷĿ⿴ĪŲҧгݵ˵С֣Լܳ
Ҹû㣬ȥʦȥˣⲻǶ˲Ż÷𣡡ԪЩ޹˫һ̯
ֵܶУĿһ㣬ʹöԷϲͷˡһ˿ڵԪࣿ
Ԫ˶Էһۣòֻ࣬˵ߺңһǻҰ׵ĺ롣
ң֪λǰкμ̣Ԫ๰֣ԷϾ곤û˹ֵġ
㣬㷽˵꽭ˣЩ޹˵Ҫܴ£Ϊܵ𣿡Ŀ׶ֱԪࡣ
ֻʦֵܶˣʦ䲻˵Щˣֻͬ·ѣҲ޹ɽ±˵Ǵ˵صĽˣ㲻ִܲ¡Ԫ࣬ӽ𣬱꽭˻ˡһתֱӶԷ˵˹ܽ£λֵ£ιܲã
ԪೣԪݣ˿˵һȡ
һԵĳӿԪмĪ˺ҲСƣȴлСһ§ڻУֻȵĿȴǶǰ˵ıӰţ
ҺȻһЦ˵˵ĻλҲˡԪ˵ĶԹ˲ùʣ
ôɣҪ㱻ԪĿֹ
ˣһЪϢԪ磬հʦһæΣԪฺֶɫȻмһյķɡ
ԪӦһԪಢ˶һЦԼͬĳĳ
״ɽλӻ֣һƬյԪ˵˵ĳԹѽᣬһս޿ɱ⡣ǵѣƱǿλ˶࣬ˡһһкˣɣ
ǲ񣡡֪Ƕ֣ȴ״μԼˣ˻ߵĽеɱСӣ
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һҰ׺Ҳһŭݣó϶ŭ𲪷ʱ˸ǰ˷
ĵӰת˲ײһС׽ɱ
˽뷽ͬԪʦֵܶ˽ֳֳ۴ǽϮˡߣɳֿȭ
غз࣬Էйʹʽ޷ʩչȭƽԴ⡣
ٹ˲棬Һ˫뻳϶һ˫˸ľֻסǻϻֱۣǰָպϣ˫ſʮǵ̣Ԫץȥ
ǻҰ׺ߣӵһתֱһһ綾߷һ㣬ٿȻԪʺ
ԪԷʹ汾£ЦһϰõԪʩչĻˣϷŹһС޷硱ʹһƬѸסҪ漴һСˮ󣬱ǡһ죬ԷƻΪΡ
ԪʦˣҲ͡Ԫһڸֵܶ˺ǵ죬ȴ˶಻㣬ϰ޹˼ɣ߲ͣϳ㣬ϯȥԪĵʽ޷塱
ӡһҰ׺ߵ类նߴ磬޹
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շǱԪֵܶʩչԪһ˶ʱҲ·Ҫ֪˽Ǵͨ쾭Сϰڹʩչʽɬ֮еȴǷɣǷ书ɱȡ
Ǹǽԣδܾˣʦ˵һСӵҡˣԿԪཫֱ˼һĵ󣬱ѭֱע볤
ˡһҫ۵ĽâŶ佣趯죬ƺˣ
ԪŲת֮ʣ֮䣬¡¡Ʒǵ㷱ǶʱǺ׹һ㣬ȥ
Է߼Ʋ˫ֻסǰҪżأˡǵ㽣âӰΰ㣬Ȼ
䡪һ죬ǽâȥȻը֮˸߼Ĵ
ȫȻ֮ʱԪ»һ֮Եе߼ҵֱֱԾ˳⡣
˽ĿתؿǵϵʯӣԪҲЩɵɵģԾ̾ѣ⽣ףʦԷ鰡
ॣһִֻֻŲ֫˲Զ˵óϣԪһк˸֧飡
Ԫֱһ񣬽â²Ӷһ³ε˵ⳡԹĲʰˣ


297 ˮ
ʱ˵һߣܻҡעԪ࣬˵ˣǰ֮Һڣתֱһӣͷɽꡣ
ŵЩɵˣ֪Լжõĳ϶ʬ޴棬ԼڣѼһˣּææĸϹⲻ·ʧǶȥ
ûԷȥЩʬףԼߵĲ֫ҲջشߣԹѽᣬշֺα˳Ϧأ
Ԫֵܣ벻һ书˵ĸ߾ʹ̾Ϊֹ֮أճӱ౨Щǣȴ֮飬ӳԪ౧ȭ˵
ԪæǰŶԷҡͷ˵ˣԺĵطأֵͶԵ㲻˼˰ɣ
ӾϲԪֵܹҪ£
ԪЦΣ꽭Уûֵ֮أ
һץסԪĸ첲м֣˵ֵٴһ
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ʦ壿Ǹ͸СˣӿԪʦкθֻ֮ҪԪָЩɢССɣҲһֻı֮ʱ˵Ԫֵ֪źã
ĳӣſ̹ǵĳޣȴƵֻ͵ͷδջ۶ִΪһɵţŵϣѾʧɺСҲҪΪԼļˡԼĵӡԼɣֻһ
ڼҪ֮ʱԪ಻ɱ˵һϣӵУһȼ𸴳Ļ棡
Գϴңұ֮ΪԼҲΪ˱Է֮ѾҪԼԪֵܣ
Ԫ༼ȫɽ˷׷ǰкһˣ˲ֵ֪ܶһ˿ۣʲô书ǵʦԪҲûôɣ
ⲻǵеʣԪཻѾõɽҲǴ󲻽⡣ʤ鲻ûУ٣
ԪʦֵҲشʹһѡ⾪޾书ԭǳԪӣһڣֲ˺ʦĴݣУ³򰡣תͶʦžͺˣֻЩ뷨Ҳֻ˸ȥ룡
˸ԪֱֵǿСǰ˼󣬻ĵڴһĹ
𣿡ԪЦظӣֹСӡ
ڣȴЦݣлСߣ˵Ԫһᣬ㲻ˡаҼС߶أ
лС㣬Ԫº͵Цл߶ʲôأ
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ʯ¹ۿԪԣ̶ˮ鷭ӿΪ죡
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̶ˮӿƬ̺ˮԪҲΪ̶ˮ۾ֹڴʱһˮȻ𣬾߹µʯˮ£˲֮ʱˮȻһӰٿȻɳ
ǻӰɳʮɸԺ󣬾ڰУһ㣬ɽϵˡֻɲǣһϤӰУ֮ϣһ˫ںڵĵü£Ըɽ꣬ǻŵЦݣѾõˡһˣ
ԪԪеʦ塪


298 
ֵܣϲӵɽЦӭȥһеˣǻ첻ѣʼԵʯᣬҲּӶԳң¶Ц
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ɽԳǣһ˵ұ޵֮ˣʦһʱһЩΣ֮£ȴӲסҲˣԼ׳ɵԵʰɣȻгɺ󣬱˷ˣŭԹ֮٣ʵĻҲһ׮£
ڴĵУȻ֪ЩŵĹأҲֻһĲ²⡣󱱼õϵǸúڣڵһҶУҲͬ˹𣡿ɼߣδض֮


299 ֵ
³ġ
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Ѱ˼ҿջסºһϳ˵гУУгҲ֮æҴҴѰȥæ˰պС٣ǲˡ
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Ԫˣһϲ˸֮⣬ֻǵƳһԶȥĻԪ磬̾ת֮ʱȥѰټһ棡
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ŶĪӢ֮һԪ绹ɥЦŻһ䡣
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һԪȥˣȥ˻ԪЩǣϾһڴ˴Ҫһʵۺˣ̸ףֲ֪ȥԪ࣬һ֮ԪԸ
˼ȥһŷԼˣԼûʿݣҲȥĵĽдδԪúãȻˣһǺ
Ԫ类һȡЦһɫ˵ǰʦʦ֣ʦ㣬Ҫֿбģʴӡ
˭ֲأһ̾һ˵ȥԺ󰡣Ҫˡ츣仰˵ʦû˵˴츣ԼΪʦΡʱԼҲǸӰ츣Ӵ򽻵ʱòڳ˵ļơʱأȴһңԶȴĿ
ֵܣ벻㻹ͽܣɽ֮ǰ𣿡ɽʵ
һǫѷҡͷЦЩְˣʱԼʮ꣬˸ʮĺΪͽ˵Ц
ʦ壬ôǺأ㲻˵츣Ѵͨ쾭ν°빦ĹԳΪֵġԪ绹иΪʦܣǰԷƱأ
ΪѰ˸ѵĵأɽԹ԰
һЦȴĵԪһ¡Ԫ۱ϾҪڴ̽㣬Щǲ˵ΪáȻɵӵĳΣֺαڣôأ
һ˵˵ЦЦ·ҲįֻǰУ·խǿͨһ
ҹޣǰʮպĳԸǰˣΪΣǰֻвݴһС·ͨĪ߲֮ˡ
һ·ûʲôֻһЩ䣬ɹЪŴ⡣ǽ֮䣬ȥһҲȷҪҪǰС
УѭС·ǰȥɽܣ̧ͷȥĿԴ䣬£żɽ紵ǼŸ·ɽ;һ㡣
ͷңʱ磬һߵþˣ±ҲǰͷļͷһۣųϳϺһкҪҪЪϢʱѵɽСϣͻȻ
ͷʯһʮ߰ſֱۣǵͨ죬ڷŭؽкüĿ㣬ˡһӣɫɫĳƮƮɷǵģȴסȥ·üĿ䲻¶һ˿ɫ
߯ò⽲ǲƻתŲˡ־Ϸô˦һ·ӣȴģǰٴסȥ·ŭ˵ʮʯţҸʯֺڣ㲻ڿ𣿿컹ʯ
Ѳãַֻ룬ֵ˵˺òϷˣΪʯڿ𣿲Ϸ˵ȥšԼȥˣָҺ£
üˣָŶԷ˵㡭˵һطԼȥѰҪʮʯʸ·кȥأͷˣ컹ʯȻĺҲŹ㣡
ȴǲΪҡҡͷһ˵ӲɽҲϷ㣬ΪҲɴ֪ˣΪָȥȴ¶״ҺСӣԵϷȥҲ
԰գ߶·Ҫӡĥһ£еԣǰڶԷǰ˵ͷ˵˼֮⡣ҪȥţԵҪΪžټʯ˵ط֮󼪣ⲻڿҵʯ𣿡


300 
һһݣһȺ˻벻⡣ֻ˵סȥ·Ҳƹȥֻ֡
ٶ˽ʿȺеһɵö࿴ۡӦΪΪΪԲߣڴһҲ˸š
ԷеĿӣеԿ˱ԼʯǵòȻӣȴŵȥһ׮⣬µʮʯ׵³ˡ
һڵܳʵʮʯѲǰҲһżϻġ
ੲݣ֪ᳳʱһԽԷ˵ҵȻ·λɷи㣿
棿黹λѣϷ׾ˣ񣡡æѶԷľһ
Ǹ˲鲻ԸػƳһһɫһ俴ԷΪɻϲɫ˵λãͷ
ͣٲ֪𳤣ҳôģ߸룬վƣǾڽѵԼֶȻһԿ˰죬һҲǰߵ⡣
һһ˿û·˼һǣԷľȥֻ˵·Ҫλ
߿һ׵λȥδ˵ϷΪָһݾҲδ֪أ
ǰλĳߣһЦЦ˵ȥϼ򣡡
ȥʵ
δȥһ˵
ͻȻ͵Цݣ˵Ϸһʶλѹ棬òǳ֮ﰡһЩؽ˵Ϸûв´ѲǴıصʿȥϼĪѰ׷ѣĵźͼ壬ûϷ֪ģ˵ȥ֮Ϸľʶأ֪ҪҪϷһ
Ǻǣͷѣ»Ҫ·أһҡͷЦԡеȥԼдĵͼͼδҲط
ԷСȴúŪ޴ʹԷȻ˽ġЩʧ˵ɽֻ֪ԵˣЩǺѰģȻҲڴ˿ˣ
ͷڿˣϼǰ治ԶΪβλ˵ˣ飿ʱ˵Ǹˣδڱץ˶̡ǿʶ˵ײ֣ϲϷʱڿˡλû𣿡
ߣ˵һߺ󣬶سһȭ˵ˣϼͷ˵ʶˣóʮʯ˭֪ͷĺҵʯ󣬸˵˽ɽ·תߡⲻڲƭλŵù£ұһͬȥϼ򣬷޲Ҫ
˲ɽ·ǺߵģϷɢ˻һƬġߺԩ˵
һŶҪִЦЦʯҪˡʿҲЩ״ȴ˸е⡣
һ·ɫɫͬˣԼҲɱ˲١ָͬ߸ϵĪУɢ࣬ͬΪڵʿһܴݡЩ˵Ⱥԣ뽭ûʲôͬͷ˵һлλˣɣ
һ˵ȴû뵽˳Ҫ·ʢԷ£Űɢ˺޺һں󣬺ʹ˵ֵѣ߰ɣȨЩʯιˣ԰գкһߡ
ɢ˱һڣźС޵¡һЦŹ֣ȥֻڨڨһÿԶˣǰ󿴿ȻԵõַ룬̧ȥ
·ϣһⲻ̸Ǵļˮˣһûɼ塣У̤֮·⻹еѪʹΪʿеһˡ
ϧǣѲٹ⣬ҩѷ˿ǰ;ǣĴţɵߵøԶ
˰ʿܶ࣬аһ롣ЩŲýΪ͵ĲҪû˾ټĲҪûеɽͽʱҪĴתһȦ󣬴һϢԪڵ˿ͽʱһСɣͽûôĹأɢ޵ȥ
ɢ޳΢޿иɱӻЩССɣʧΪЩɢ޵һݾɣΪһɢޡ
ѰϼԪڵɽڣȺ͵İɢˣ㱻俪һأʮʯһɽ·
ʯ֮ףŴ棬ôװͳȥˣȴδõеĻر֮£׷ŰɢҪʯ
ΪߣҲöԷû취ɢͬܽԷΣֻöԶ֮˾ʱһˡ
ŭԷﲻʵȴҲֻܹԼδۿʯ֮£Ҳֻܽա
俴һΪҲûԷΪˡͷĶǱԼΪЩҲޡ϶˵ͷ·̸
ɢŪһӵи˵ˣνʱش
һʮʱһ˴ͬ˿ɱȡﰵ̽ԷԷĻ֮ˣҲŶԷ˵ʵ
֪̽˶ԷĵϸһһЩ˼ɡ´Ľͼ˵ѣҴȥֻǾϼȥɽ˵ԪҲ֪ڣȥͬΣ
ϲã֪ȥԪɽŵ;𣿡
һҡҡͷ˵֪λãȥѰұǣ
ػͷһۣЦֿǿͼΪģ
ʲôԣһÿɷ
ǻɵĻͼ֣ѰЩ׾ٵ顣ҵΪޣֻܿ˫߰ϼԶСɽ֪ŵĴڣʵ;֪ҪʱղѰЩأֵ֪Ĳ࣬ĻЩʧ
ѿ˵ɽһ²ͣȴ˼ʵ
ûСشĺܸɴࡣͷҲصؽ˵ȥɽû˵ɽ
һɽͷһɽǧɽУɽ֪Ҳûʲôɽֻ˵ɽλãȴû˵ȥô죿
һҲЩͬеľǶԵģǴӰɢ˴õ˽ɽķ
ԼԵ˵һ£һʵԺ⣬Դкİѵĵطܶ࣡
ʯﱾԹһ˵˻ỰԷΪԼͣ˺øУύ֮⡣иΪߵͬԭ˼ɻ䣬ദúˣʱһǿıԮ
ҽʯһߣĻøˡиΪߵԼΪʦЦл˵ؼ⣡
ͼͽϵԣΪԼ洦ȥáôһ̸ıʿǶΪáһûʵѿ֪ɼľң


301 ɽ
ΪӲһᣬ嵹һ֪ȺɽУ٣ΪСڣСЩеԪڡԪڵȡµıһЩˣ΢ЩķֱΪϼңܷµľңռҡ˵ľң᲻ܷµľأ˵
ܷľңźɽľҲ࣬벻ǣֻȥ˲֪
һɽ£˳һϪˮǰأһȺɽˮɵС
˵ϼŰ˼ңǽɽֵıؾ֮ءеķϪˮߵɽ¶ľƸ¥Ӷ࣬ߵʹ䣬߲ӡ
ʯűߣ£һ·ڣɫľǰžɵΣϵͷ
ͼ͸ˬһ˱ھǰ¡ָʯŶһ˵ţ߽ɽɽܣڶ߽࣬ȥ治ϱѰ˽˱ϣмɽ̹;ȴҲͨ˴ȥĸ
һϼһ·ϣͱûͣ·ھºһ߳Ժһ߻²ŪԼļʶ˵ЩǴɽеѰ£ȴһؽ֪ġ
Щһ裬ͷ˿Ǹɢ͵͵ظ˹ûпˣ굽Ծȥˡ
ͷ˼һҲδȴã漴ҡҡͷ˼һߡ
ɽȻУкνңһ˼ʵ
·룬ֶһڣͳһݸһ˵ʮʯġ
ʶɽӡԼͼĴУͬһʶӡáǰһ򣬱һλδƹ䷨ҲǶõġ
һӹ򣬽ʶ鿴ԼϵĴͼһģһͬǣͼ϶һЩϸС磬ԶӦӵÿһźͼ塣һۣЩôѰЩʱߵ;
еһЦд֣ʡȴڴɽˣ
Ҳֵʮʯţĵͷʯ˰ɢˣʧʯֻˡ
еİɢûг磬װһءһЦЦͳʮʯǰʯǰһؿһʵǡ
ʯǰһƣһЦˡ
ּȻҪǣʯ򲻿ɡЩƴһͼֵһʯȥʿۼĵط׿򵽡Է㣬ȻҪԼֲƭʧ
Ѳؿˣͼá㷽ŵһ˵⣬ҲʹǳЩʯطϣȨҽѣһƴǵ˵ȥкɽ·
˵ϣЩ˼ʯȴһøд
Ǹ򣬶һȷʵáȻҪڴɽǰˣǰδ뵽ġ·УδжΣЩͼûеġ⣬ҲǽöԷ·ʲôĵطⲻ˻Ҫ˼ҡϾԼģδ֪̫ˡ
תʱȥǰɢ˾Լ΢Цɫ֮⡣һҲ΢Ц֮⡣
ɽǰľҲԳɺһǳһԵĵ
ľһкȴɫ˵ЦģֻѰʦ˵һ󷽵ԽߵʦãҲǻδ㣬ŻȻӦ
һߵʦãɽ£˱˸ˮҩĵ󣬱ҴŴɽ
뿪ϼһͷһۣǸɢ˲δԷһΪߣԳϼСϣЩŹ֣
߳˺ԶԺһʶҲڰδߵӰŸеԼЩˡ
һǰ˶ʮԶʱżһɽԻһʱټӰ֣µ·ҲҰڱΣɽʯöҲܼһǰ·ǲǰˡ
ǽɽ;û·ȴߴġһ⣬ˣԼһУʮʯĶֵ
ɽߣµ·СյУ治巽˲ʱϸĵһңȷʶǰеĵطԺǰС
һӯѣĽ˵ֵν˼£´δд⣡
оű䣬벻ÿѣһЩ⣬ȴ¶һ˵⻹ҪлѵˣȻУ治֪δȥأ
ЩΪ飬˵ǹأǴЩˣкô
һͷԾϴֵĶˣȥʧأǰԼôΪġԼôˣܲܶԼ߰ɣϸ;У벻鷳
죬·УȴҲûʲô⡣ҹ¶Ӫʱһ󣬽˶棬˵󼴿ڷֱ꣬߳ϮҲ̾
һҲûа취ⲻǲ˽ʱ򡣽ϽУܷܲ¡ΪҲޱҪʲô
·ߣ˵ǰû·õҶӯߣһСĲȥûϥǡϣ̸Ÿɫĳ棬ǰ濪·һµţҲǰСģ˵ЩˡľǶ߻Ī̶յʪ˱ĥ


302 ˮ
뿪ϼʮպ󣬴һխɽȣһһˮߡ
ֻеˮСˮˮʮɴݲһΧ׵ľɫȣԵù졣
һˮߣ´һ̧ͷɫ³һԵ˵ѻƻ裬ǰߵ֣οЩͬҲƣˣڴЪϢһС
һʮ߰ˣֻһл˵µЩҲһ¡
ΪͣУ˾ǷˣɷԽɽĹذɣ֮Щ֮⣬⻹һ档
Ϊ̹ϣȴӳ׵ͬ飬һ˵ʲô
˽ƣȫ뿪ϼʱĴݡˮѸֻʳӣⲻյɽֻҪжãһ˭֪
һĬĬ棬ȴҪǰ档ʼĲӦѽʧҲֻܲԼ·˵Щʲôźá뵽˴ϳǰ˵ҪգҵȱܴƬ֡ڴ˴¶ޣҪˮⲻ⣡
ȼ仰ʹͷһˮе㲻ͷָҲܿһؼܺܿ߳֡
ɫδȫСĵһ󡣶ϰЪϢϰ֮ˣȾһҹ¾ɼȴȻǡ
󷨵һ˫֮СǲЩеʲôҲ
˼򵥵ĳЩ󣬱ˮʮԶΧһ𡣿ĺɫĺϣһ󷨣ֱߵЩתûӰ䷨ţһ⣬֪ȥμ
֣ǲܽһʮУޡ
ôΧڼڵȦڣһԵӵһЩһʹЩڡʶÿӪʱѰһ䴦һԷڲԶ㣬˵ҲЩ
м崫Уһɢ޿ɱȣûмʶ󷨰ɣһЦŶԷһģΪʮʯҲ׷Զȥûļ壬ҲǼ尡
²װ̾һ˵˼ңڼˮҲļ֮һʲôҼլټ䷿ݵĴԺҲвػġʿʮڸֱλɽȣֻ岮ǿڵʿɣ
˵ǧպãްպ죡±޳ѷ»뿴Щ˵˼ҵӵѿʼأһο
̾˿һǫܴһƫִˣãȻ벻Ĭ˻˵лּԣһĴԼ̫ˣ
ЩֱʵͻȻú֪пԡԴɽ֪ͣͼϵһ˵ÿһ޲мĻ̶ɣ׵ûأ
ԣŤͷƳһһﲻƵ٩˵ͬеǽ˰ɣδ£ȴҲ˵ɷƴҲʱзҲͬˣ
ĪǣˣҲˡΪѣһԴидͷ
˵ÿһ屳ųᣬ˵ĶԹԻ֮ʵһջܣʿɱᣬЩļҲ֮꣬˼ûԭɱڴˡȥЩ飬ڵĳڴġ
˵˴ȻһЦ̾һ˵˼һҶҲ˵˿Ƿϵ飬սȻͬ˿ҲɵΪ̾Ϣ
ÿķ羰µ·ͬյѡֻһǵ·ߣһǼǰУ
Է޼ľ֪ȴ֪ͬȰοԷһֻ˵ΪĪĲǣ
Ŀмصͷϣÿ˶ʱע㡣һУ㣬İο٣
ʱҪıһ䰲οĻ
ѽµɽޱȣûһ˿ķ硣еˣͬһƬУвκʪȵš
ҹˣһ繳ҡ»֮£ֻƵˮ֮ϣڣƮɢˣҪһɡ
ǰɫƮˮ棬ڵ󷨣ֶȥҶ촫Ҷήƣ޷䡣
󾪶еˣ޲ݡⱾһʱڣɱĺ⣡
Σ֮ɫ䣬һΣ˭ܶùⴥ֮ĶΣ
ˮˮ
δæϢȥǺһҷӿ类紵׷ܾȥˮϵİ̼ᵭࡣֻˮ춯ˣǾˮˮϣ
еһ˫ĿҲǰԲ죡ƻʱ֣ˮߴݲʱϸΧδʲôʶ֮̽£ˮѱ棬϶ˮ쳣󣬱㲻κ˿ˮ
˽ˮƵһЩɫ飬ϲڴӪɺҲˣֻܹԼĽͷ
ˮĿת֮ʱˮҰ֮ɽʯص𶯡
ˡˡˮкУһɴʯ̨ľﻺˮи
ʯ̨°һ˶ͷ­续ģԺ͹ڴ۾أǰŵıǿԴСһ궶ֹ»ϸܵۼס
ǹһţһХһ㣬ˮ̷ܼӿƺˣ
˾űվһֹ֪ˣвķţԲҪţ
ǶβδǴһ
Ϊԣ׹걳ˮʯӲơ䱳ƷĺöֻǴδ꣬ӦΪһޡ
渵ȻԴ޼ΪϤһ֪ԪµдԲȫȻҲȫȻ֪
ѣΪöԸ𣿡һЩԾԾԣѿɱ뻹Ƕһ䡣
ҡͷΪʿ䶾޴󰭣ֻǼӲޱȣŲʿҲԺһֲҪˣ
һôϰײ󷨸Σ¶ЩҪⶾݱ
һոմӹ󷨵ķһԶҺΧǶתһȦһòףȡڵϣָһ㣬ǷɽâһѸࡣ
ǸˮߵĶеΣĽ٣˦Դſʨ绢ĺһʮ֮һͣƺˡУ޲Ϊ֮ݡ


303 ܷľ
˲˿ľ⣬ǰʵЦǺǣ󻹲ף仰δ䣬ڿеĽâѿȥ
˭룬ò׺Ķһ󣬲սˣͷˮгȥ䱿׾ҪҲɲǼ
һƬˮըĴӱûˮС
ۿⶾҪˮһٿȻͷ­Ǿ޴һ
໡һ𣬶ЩԸػתͷ­͸­Ľâתһδ­ۼ׵ı
ʯҡ£ı۾֫һ顱һԷˮС
ǺǣǸˮ滹治ץס㣡
׵ػɱһͷ޶پϲԳЦһǰһӣɴĶ˲ʧӰ١
ֱǸ֣ʰôһ׵ĶѴ֮֮һ̾
ʿ¾һҲһʮԶ󷨱ӻһҲҴ⡣
Уڵĸ֡Ҳɷǵģ֪֪治֪ģܲԴŰɣ
֪ܷƭڵĸˣһʱ˶󣬲δͣתһ磬ڿնȥ
ˮָֻּŰĶΣҲϡࡣ
һ˿ҲһƬظĴɵð죬شŵòᣡ
ʹοǣڸֵʶнҵԭɣȴһССľϲԺǵڵĸ֣򲻹Ҳܲʱܶ

ĵȺɽ鲼ԱʮСɽ಻ȱȽǡɽɾɽ֮ȴ٣
ƬȺɽǷԲϼɽɽ˲ط֮ءԽ룬ⲻڴ޵СֻɽвԿɽɣмһɽڴ˴Ϣ
³ŵһգܷϵľңӭһ׮ϲ¡ľչغǰأڲͣﵽںڵΪľȻһƬϲ죬ϼɽͬأ
ܷλϼɽϵһɽУʮСɽȱߣһɽɽϣۼżټ䷿ݣٲȻһСĴ
ɽһС¶ԽСϵʯţһƽʯֱֵͨɽߴһƬׯ԰
ͣׯ԰ǰַǷĽܵĸߴ¥£һξҶϣľػӡȴŶǰʯԣվһˣʮͣòӢ档һʯ̨ԣվŰµˣƲ֮⣬໹һ˴ĺӣŹʣЦ档ǰֵߣһЩֵĸ棬Ҳϲɫ
ϼҵ˸ߺһֵϳˡǰһλʮߣɫ΢ڣׯ϶Цһ˺һˣòǰмơ
˰Ǵǰİ΢ЦӭȥʩľԶ񣡡԰գ˹ʾ⡣
ͣ½Ųޱؿһ۶Է˵겻Ѯ˾ŲΪ
Ǻǣ̧룡ľԶɫ͸һ˿⣬ǺһЦת롣
˫Ŀ΢أȻľԶ˲һ̧ǰȥĬֻǸ˳ľԶ֣һЦ
ľԶͬ£мɽݵͥԺȥ
ǰվһλߣߺЦϵݰٺᣬԣľĳʧԶӭˡ˵ǰǰ̨ӭ
ϵܱҵļɽյľҵĴ󣬱ŶӺǰᡣ
һ·ɽԷ½ӭɫתֻľֽϲɺذҲʩľ
ľҲʮģ񳣬뷢Ұף˫ĿԷ΢΢׺ַɽЦʶཻ꣬ѵһۣľĳҲ˻ᣬϵȱˮƣҳˣϵĪҪˣ裡ľԶڰ֣ʾȥ㽫ӭá
ľԶɫغ˼תҪȥʱԺ߳һӡ֮æʩ常ľţľֱУΪģ˳Ϊĳϣ常档
ЦⲻԶΪ˲٣ʱģ
ľԶֱӣЩԵõ˵ֶΪдˣҵ常佱ģֶгЩ飬˳ؼ游֮ǰ֪ͣ
Ӧ֮⣡Զľֶе̳ԵӵǵĿģԳĿοһ˵ҲǲŻ嵱ȥͣתʵԶ˶ٿˣ
ľԶصռҵռҵˣµıһЩĽľҵɢޣҲŵ˶Ժȥˣ
ˣ֪ˣ̧ȥľԶ»صǰӵԼľˣ߳ԱĽɫͦţ緢
ʮͷͱﵽŲΪڵŵӣҲڶľӵģľһУľԶν˷ͷ
ôߵΪʱգӦˮɵ飬ľԶľδļ־ľԶȺɽԸп֮ʱǰһȺˣɵüͷ
Ⱥ˵ŲǱˣͷһˣǸûСӣڴǰԶšһжǰĽֵľԶЩ죬Ҫ𿪣
ΪΣֻ˻ǸʿͲȴ߲Ϊ֮ľϲӣܲñ͡ľԶع˵λѺźɣǰϲȥԺЩˮƣµķ֮ˣˡľҲӴ뿪Ҫס˵·


304 
һۣ˸С⣬ģĹһƺ«˽Ƿ糾͡˪ģߣһһС
һ뿪Ƭˮ󣬶٣Աɱˡɽ֮·ҲһǸǰ濪·һжüࡣգܷ¡
ľҵļΪڣ˹ͬأһɽ󣬱㲻ǰȥšϾ֪ľǲǱľң˼ϲʱȥҲ̫ʡ
ܷԳƴ򣬺ǷֵԵĿջ¥̽Сһһʱֲ뿪Ҳޱ𴦿ȥѰ˴ջס¡
һҲסջƹ̸ܷϵ˼ҴľҵˣһЩľҵķˡʿݵľ˶סľ֮У²ˣɽլԺ仧󣬱γܷ¡
һɽʱƹĻʹϲ֡
ƹĿе֪ܷºɽԭɽֻܷľҵĴڣ˳ɽΪܷɽˡöܷ֮ɽҲû˽ˣܷľҵĽзЩҲֻб֪ţ˲֪
ӳεĳʼû֪еĿġԺɽŶµĵӵʵ顣һ֪ѵľҵſʱû˻ܰסĵ˷ܡ
һ£ٵķգ˶˰һڵִյĿĵأ
һѰҪȥĵطҲͬУҪȥԪ
֮ʣֺ棬ԪҪºɽţһҲȥһ֮⣬δһ뵽ľļ壬
һԴ鲻ÿɷ񣬻ͣףˣ
һʮľҵĴǰǰվһŲʿǷԵµҲڵΪƱһˣҲһг֮ʣⲻҪͣһ¡
һɽǰȥݼʱԷ˵ֻǰȭ˵һǴˣԶݼľҼ
δ룬ľԶһԭɢޡľҵļʲô˶ɰݼģ°һЩͷػֵȥ̨ϵİµҲͦظӣҪˡ
δϵԷ˵һҭú仰û˵׿ɫˣЦһ£תȭ˵λ½˵꣬һʮ֮Ĵľң
Էԣһľͷ˵λľǴľҵĵϵˣӦľ֮棬ǰѰס
ľЩǰһ֪γƺԷֻñȭ˵ľܼҸ֮һǰݼľҳ
ľԶһᵽ̵ľңɫһ¡Ҳ֪лиԶݣÿʮ߶һΡԴ²ȴҲý⡣
ưư죬ĵҡҡͷľԶɫ¶һ˿ָžͽһ˵֪£㽫ȥ
һʮ߰ˣΪüĿġԱȭӦǣһľ˵λɣ
ľһ֪Ǻá
һתɽ˵λڴ˴ԴƬ̣תľЦЦ㲽Ĵݵʰϣæϡ
Ժ֮ʱһܸеһԵľԶĿ⣬ԼЩµϲмζɵðҡͷ
ԶܹѰף˵ľҾǰһҲɵһˡɶԷǰЩˣľҵӵܣȴ¶˿ϲ֮ɫڳ߸ϵѪ黹ʣ¶أ
ͥԺʱһľͷûɵһæҵ˼ϸϸ£żͥԺоһ˿ӿšɼ壬Ҿ֮˲ĺõط
ǰ·ˣһûģɵЦһҫλֵѣľѽ
ŸеԼЩʧ̬ЦˡһƳһ۶Է˵ܺã
Ǻǣֵѵ˵ľҵͷϼɽҲһҲҵ游ˣڵĸ֡ϼɽڵһ˰ǰһĸоܺãΪ
һɲΪԷڴ꣬ڵĸֶ˵һԽĸɽҲѹľڴ۾һ꣬ǲСǰѸܵľҵ䵭ЩҪ˽źãµ黹һһɣ
в֪λγƺѽһǫ͵Ц
ҽľľֱӡʱ򣬼͵ġ˵˵оǶԼľ⣬Ҳһ͸¶ľҵλ
˵㵽ǰһľʶȤͣ½Ųľͨһ
ľܽȥһתĹֳˣ˵ҽɣ
лһľʾ£̧߽ľҵݴλ϶һλߣӦþľҵļԵĿλϷֱżˡ
һĿɿһӣ㴹׹һ˵һݼľݼλǰ
ľݼľҳݼλǰľҲҳɣվһ࣬ŽĹظȭ
ȤشһľҵǸ˼ľգǰһ¶͵ɫ
λϵַ룬΢΢ף˵Ϸ򷽲ԺǰĶ֪Դ̵ľҡƾݣ
˵֮Ŀɨˣһеһ͸ǵ庮֮⣬а֮£̧ͷ𣺡ľӡΪ֤ߵľʾľʾӡţ
ľ£뿪ɽʱһӡһֱղأδκѽ֪ǣѽЩһοһŮϲЩҲʿʶ
ľæӻͳһӡոſƣӡַɳ
ľӡץйۿһ£Ƶʯϣһӵľ֣˵ľҵӡҵӡ֮áһףӡֻصľС
ľСĵӡ󣬺һ˫أŵҪУһԵһҲɫһ䡣ԷҪô


305 
һľʧ֮ʱ˽޶ԣɫȻľŵļˣɫ¶Цݡ
·ͻȻһȴ漴ʼղҶʶ̽ľҵׯ԰ݺҲǾ񲻸ҷľ˸ץʱһڵˡ
ľһԻˣһ˾ˮ߻ɱˣҪһЩľмüĿƣӦͬΪľҵĳ
ԿϷֱߣһλ񳣬ɫơһλ̬ȺͣЦе̡λվӡЩ˶ľľֹΪ裬¶Щĺ
һĿһӼľƮ䲻֪ľΪˣȴ϶˾ްǶԷѣҲҶʴֻǿ򶨣ϸ۶ԷʩΪ
ľ޲ʵĸܣֹס˺ѵǰԷһָһ㣬һѪľüĴֳ
һָһָҲһѪѪ۵һһۻҵ־Ѫâһںϵһ
ǺǣȻľҵѪ
Цһ־УΪһѪٿȻľǰգû뵽üвֻеһᣬڵϣ֢㲻֪롣
ӡѪľݼ游һЦ
ľȻæǰ¿ͷڳưݼ游߷ЦСѾͷɵʣ㵽ڵΪϷѪӡǣӴԺľҵֱӡ⼸λֱĳҲ游ˣ
ľһһݼĹ߿һ˵ÿ˶ͣΪʧɴ˴ȴвͬľ˿ɵɵôһҲ߲ΪһϷ㡭
ǰѯһǷ
˵㲢ҴĵʿҲ״ľҡ֪Ǳ𴦵ʿľҵ֧أ
һ£Сĵش˴̱ʿڻԵɺ֮£ľҵɡɵĳΣ;ػ֮֮ңһ˴˴˴
߿һþ֮ŵϷ㣬ԸԸľأ
һЩֲ²֪Ӧ
ɫ¶һ˿죬ڰ˵²˵ɣ
ǰǴľҵһ⣡һóϸǸʯӷϡ
ץһеǬʶ̽£ÿɷ˵ţȥ˰סµЩҲտһ£Ҽҿջס°ɣУСѾͷƿ
ľ׳ǣһľҲֻøˣ˳ȥ
˳űԺȥһ·ϻۣŽأˡׯ԰ͦģһյĹһСԺǰľžٲ˽ȥʵСӣˣ
ʮˣ֪Լģһں
ҲŴڣľʡ
һһ£˵̲ţɢްɣ
СԺľïʢºӿʹ̩
ľָԺеһŷ˵˴ľҿͷ˾ס˸ѡһס°ɣ԰գͳƣָ黭һº󣬽˵ƣ˽ׯ԰ƾ֤
˷ֱӹƣľ˵һȴдΪΪβԸľأ
һ̧ͷԷĿдԢⲻЦ⣬˵³է˵صĹأǰͽ̣
ľŶһԲΪ⣬óСƿľ˵СѾͷԱɣһЩ˵
ľΥ棬۱ⶼ游һĳԹԵĽӹƿѰһӽȥЪϢ
ľµʯ£ʾһ˵
һ֪Է⣬ֻվʯǰԶ
Ǻǣ˾нֻ˵˵ɣľЦһֻóл
ľͣͬҳһ㣬һ·ϵ龰һҲûʲôģ㽫һкʱ̣·Ͼ˶ٷգ˶Լ˶ˣ˵һ顣漰һŲᡣ
һ˵ˣľֻǵͷǲ˵㷽˵˵صĹأұ˵һɣ
ϼɽռҵĸſ˵£ľЦռҵļڵΪϼɽľΪءһתһ˵֮УҲһЩɢ޵ĺȥ
һžģ˭֪ԷǺһЦվ˵һ·ˣڴЪϢ
ԷҪȥһæʵǰȥЩͬ飬ΪһЩõĵҩ֪
ľͷҲص˵Կľҡϱеҩ
ֱԷ뿪֮һվԭءЩľҵĳ⣿ΪҪҼľң֪ľҵĺôԼۣӦأ
q±ӣһ˿˳űϢڡסڴ˴ҲԪʯͷô죿һľշҲֻöȥ
Ѱʱ·ǰԺԺЦϣľҴĺӣֲ֪ӺδܳȥҲóȻʶ̽飬һֻӲͷƤ˹ȥע߳Ժź󣬲ɽ˵ӰЩˡ
һͷǰµӻڣǰʩһԼͬȥ֪ϳһбȥջˡ˿ҪȥջʱȴӭһˣʹȻѡ
һ˵ǰ˵ⲻֵһᣡһᣡ
һֻù֣ϻʣ˵׵ѣһᣡ
֮˳ƮƮüĿ˼˱øУǸڿʯİɢˡ
ǺǣľΪϲɺذϷҲǰֱˮƺȣѺβͬȥɢһͣһͬ겻һ㡣
һǿЦһ˵»Щ飬ʧ㣡
ǺǣԱ㣡ɢ˷һЦѵذȥһЦݽϡɢ˵Ϊ㣿


306 ò
ǰĽֵϣʱһЩʿȻȥľҸġ
һеεǣЩʿΪϡͷΪ˸磬ŴӰǰ㣬һӱ㵽İɣ⣬ԼЩˣ˰²˵ءο뿪ϼʱר⵽ͷĶ˲δں档δɽֵģ
ľԺһ˼ЩңôϡͿ飬ҡҡͷ⣬أбǡ
ܷµĽֵϣĵһû߼淢һЩֵͬǰǹŴֵƣҲѰǰһ̧ͷһҡϼ̡̧˽ȥ
ֻһĻƣ˽æǰкԭһչҩݣ۵ҩӣϵİһƿ͸ҩ㡣
СЦݿΪһڵõ鵤ٹȵʿרõҩԪⶾȡ
һ⣬ҪһЩõĵҩЩʧóƿ˹̨ϣ˵ϴԪԪһʯʮ
ЩҶҪˣ;鵤ҲҪһЩЩҩ֪ûоһָŹ̨ϵҩƿʵ
ƱΪһǸʿ֪ԷҪõĵҩԼˡ
ܷҩĲûУûͳʯ˵ġȴ϶ԷҪ׵ĵҩʿõĵҩҲҪô࣬Ϊֱ
һ˶ʮʯһĵҩڻƵЦȥ˼ӣĶҲͬС죬ľȴûм

ڵĿջ֮Уȶ˺ƾƣ޳ܷʱ˷ܡ
벻ǧ࣬ôˣò˴պ󣬱Ҫ̤Ϸ̣пһ׸˱оƣ̾˿ԭʱ˵Цģֹж˼ȡ
һִһŨصĺ硣ĬĬžƱ˻ų˵ƣ飬·һ·ĥѣһðջصɽΪ֮԰ӣ
ȵ£ҪƱȴ˵ʦˡ

ѰڵĿջһⲻ˱˴ʺһ˵˻Ự˺밲ķ䡣Щ죬²Է⡣
ԴϴǸ¶Ѩպһ·ϣ밲ѻģûǰԵЩҲЩ֮ɫ
ֵ֪кηԸ밲ʵ
һԼĵҩó˼ƿ˵빫Ӵ˴õҩǼ׵¡ұ˼ƿȥҲ㽻˻ʲɣ
⡭Ҹθлֵܲǰ밲Щش֣£͵ԴЩҵشӻͳһżѴ˵Ӳ֪
ɽѽǿҹ黹˻һЩ鱦㲻ȤƿŵǰϣЦҪ˼ǮģȨġ
ʹãֵд밲лּټһ飬ҵĴæһ㶼Ҫİţ밲Щˣ˲ԼݣҪ¡
ֹסԷľٶһ˵빫ӲˣҪӱǡ
ԣ밲¶ЩЦһУ˵֪Щҩֵƣһܴġ֮ԺǼˣ㽫ֵ롣
һֻӣ밲ּе˵»и֮룬ֵٰæ˵ţЩصͷ
˵ɣܼ֮£ұزƴǣһ˵
밲˵ͷɫЩݵ˵һȥǾݲңȥɽҲͼİȡɴݣҲϳϲӦֵܴΪټһ¡
һү뵽ɽ֣ʵףһЦ빫д⣬һͷϳ˵һӦĻȥ˶ʿҲ
ʲô˶ҲǸɣ밲ʵ
Ȼұ˶Ԫۡʿ񲻸ΪңһǺһЦ买֣һʧ㣬תȥº밲
Ԫ۵ĵʿһ˵ɣ⻹˵ã뵽˴밲ϵ˲Щҩˣ½Ǳ׷˳ȥ

ľұܷɽҲ˵ɽԴ㣬羰ɽ¸ľУ滨Ʈ㡣
˴ľׯ԰Ľأ峤ľ֮
ɽŵ±֮ϣһĶУϵˣľľľ˵
ľЩĽشһ¼סɽоҡ鷿У˴ΪɽµҲΪ棬ʵΪĺõطԼ˲ԶĶҪϲֹһ
ǿľŵ˼ľҡҡͷ˵ľֻһǼ֮䲻Ҳ渣ΪľңҲСģͻ֮ʣ˴չأ
лˣľŸЦ
ľҵֱУĸΪ͵һȴʤСһٶҲࡣ֮Ϊ˻ǣľűľΪĸ
һУʿΪҪʿҲͬɺӡƩľ䣬ʱﵽںڵΪϼɽǿѹռһͷΪеһˡ¿Ʒ⣬ʵȻ
δʮУľΪԲͻƣɽ𵤣һжȻʮУڷ˵ǰĹʿ˵ǵָһӼ䡣
ʮ޳ɽ𵤣쳣ļѣһڵԪʮ꣬ʱͻڣԪľ֮ʱ
ľǵıˣĸΪֶУľᣬ˶ǰʮ˶ڵΪע˴ľҵδֻмһ


307 
ΪľһеٮٮߣľԶ˶˺
ľڴĴ֮һڣ˳֮£ľԶҲΪڵŵӡ겻ѮѴﵽŲΪʮǰɹµУ˵أˣľϼɽĵλʯټʢ겻ڻ¡
һɼ壬ʵãſ᲻˵ԺĴжǸ⡣Ժľҵ𣬽ʱڵĸֻʣľŶһˣ֧ŲľҵĴڣ˵ܷ±Ҫ֡
ϼɽɼ壬ϺͺһˣյĵҲɢ
һʿÿʡʴˣûһʿ˼֮
ľ۵ľҵδδⲻ˵ġ˰˵˵ˣ
С겻ȴϳɣ˼ҵ£˲ҲǹҶԷһʿвɽΣ˵˷ŵҿ»ǻһɣľ룬˵
ľһ˵̸Ǹʿĵطһʮˣ߲㣬Ϸһ㣬Яһˣ
˵ļǣһСӣľҵĹգ˵ɾ͡ȻʣЩԵֽΪԺڴɽ㣬Ǵ粽аľŸЦ
һǼ뵽ľľҲãǸҲգһ׮¡ľҲ֪еĲ˵ΪˣǶԷΪ
Ѱ˼һľ˵Ҳʲô˶ɳΪľҵˣҿȥ̽һĵϸ뷨һʶôľֺαһԸأ壬Ϊѽ

ʱһ֪
һڴûκθɢ˵ľδزһõѡֻǣһ˼ڴ˴ΪԪ˲ձҪ̻ȥˡ
һԪʯͷܷй䣻÷ʱɽ˼һԻľޡˣת۱һܷµĵա
һ峿һ߳ţȴľݹվԺɫдż˷ܣȴֹһ˫
ǰľʰʤòϼҲ˷ֳ֮⡣һ´һ΢Ц˵ϲľѿľɹһΪ
һлл㣡ľϲԽ֮£Ťһ˫ؿϣЩɬ˵һлĻ
ǺǣؿˣΪɣһЦһóһǬݸԷ·ɱ˲ʿҲã˳ˮ顣
ľδϲһЦҡҡͷǬ÷򵥵˵£Ҫȥջ˵ɵ˽Ҫߣϵϲɫʱɢ࣬ͬȥС
ܷµЩɵӣľ˲鿴ûľϲ֣ȻҲ¡ʴˣֻܷЪϢգҪ̤ңԶĹ;
һľջʱʰңǰ˵˴֮ʣȴ˵
ӵľδԽʮδֿһط֮ңڡɽ뼾µЩӣĳ棬Ҳ겻ֹ
ľһǹ˼Զ׵棬Щõĵҩ˼ѷɽľǰֻ͡λľҵĸԶԶһԣЩûʲô˵
£һʧңʩһ񡣶Էɫʾ⡣˦һ䣬˻ȥ⣬ˡ
ʦ壡Ԫһһǰ󻹸ʯ밲ˡ
ǿЦ£һԪļ˵·ϼգԼҪСˣ⼸Щ壬ϴܷĵҩԼòѳԽԪȥԪԺˣԪҲƾЩԱݡ
ص˵ͷԪ˵ʦıǣԪҺ츣ʦأǼҲһһȥ
һ츣ӡһҡԼ򸾣дš䲻֪ʱܻȥӷŻȥʺһҲο֮ɣ
أ밲ں廰
밲һɣȴʱı⣬ҪԪʿ̻ʵΪжүǰѰĽɣǻᴥ͢ļɻ䡣һʿɽ֣ɱ֮Ҳ˵
һʱϷԾ棬һҲЩ⡣պ밲Ϊͽ磬ֻеȥ˳ԸүĸʱԪϲ١
밲ô࣬ѽԼΪԪ۵ˣһִ񣬶ԪҲǱϹϾʦֳʦ̵ֶؽи֮ͣ£һԪҲֻ֮֮
ź밲¶飬һ˵ҽʶһҲһԵְɣͷԪ֮ã·˻ȫ
̸ʯᣬһ֣һ˵ֹӶౣأ
һ˲õ󣬱˵УѭŽֵʯű㵽⡣
ľŵȵЩͷˣ˵ˣһֻľдʣľӭ㳤ٿȻ˫չʮɵȻҲɽˣ˵Ͷһ̣
ľ˫ỺȶзƹĶһ㣬˶رһɶߣǰĺͷ볤ĺ׾תʹ֮£ŲŲ
ӦһеķɴʮһСͨ˽ںһǰ˵ȥɽܣ߲ףľǰһƬ⣬λȥɣ
ɽ֪˿Цˣһȭغ󣬱ľס״Ҳ󣬷׷ϡ
ԪĨ˰ˮ󣬹سһ˸ͷ㽫ҲҪؿͷĺ밲һѳ𣬱Ծľףʯȥľ׵ıվʮ˲Եӵ
һౣأϤһЩص̧ͷһ˫ۡ
ʦ㣡ҡȥģ·϶࡭أľǰľϵʦ㣬
һ·ߺãһȭ˵ĿͣƬ̣תˣλһ·ߺã
ʦ塪
ʦܡľʦá
ֵܡ
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ɢ˵رв͵һ٣ˮһӡһȻ֮ʣԶԷΪ裬תɽ·ȥ
վסƭүүʯܣ
ƨҵĵҩѪˣ
үүĵҩΣվס
ߣĪҵԪΪУ
ɱˣ˭֪Щɣ
һӣϹѪĵسɽ·Сһ߳ǰţһ߷ŭػͷлһ޹ķɽǱ
˱·Сԣһɢʱ侪ŵɫһ漴ͷ
һ԰ЩӣæкǿԶ٣ҵҩԮ֣µԪлˣһˣһ˹
ߣûģ
һĶߴϤɤ֪ǰɢ˸ѣȴҲõͷߡǳʱɽʱʿʱ˻кΪ˺ͣҲʿǻƵͷ˹۸в
˲֪Ȼˡֻһ֮ԵԷ˺Ҳһ޹ءɴʱҪװ·״мΪ֮
Ҳȷɢ˵ģˮ֮ӡΣͬˮҲ֮飬һҲûֶԷ²ΪԼٶ㿪ǡ
ֻǣһ߲Ϊһǰ˲Ϊ˺ˣʹ˵Ķأ
һȥĸ׷˹ŷɽת۱㵽˲Զ
㻹ӣһ˲ΪӣСе˹Ҳ߰˲ΪŵԪڵӣ֮ͬһ㣬һϷϲɫһɢСΧ
һ˺ɱĳʹ·СһϷ򸾣ŵӵͷĻƣܻزжűߵĲأðŰ̡
˸ǻ˶ǳɶ񣡡ɢֹһ䣬²ؼģʰ𣬶ȥ
µԪλָ컯֮£ǿǿ֮һĸЩӣܽ˲ڴŴ
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˭뿪ϼԶ⼸֮׷ǿҩƴֵܲж˶ֻܱ࣬սˡֵѣ˵ͬˣ캦֮£
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Ԫڵĵҩȷʵ氡նСӵȶһɲô򣬱㲻˿ڣ
һǰӵСӸ첲һأ㿴ֻʣϵѪˡⵤҩЩŵ
ĸΧ˸ȦҲ¶ԷˡҩĿ¶̰ĳȣ޲㽫ʦֵܸ⡣
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ջͷŴֲһʶһתæһǲɶõľһƿأֵѵΪ¸պõĵ
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ߣҪҵĵͷǿоҵҲˣδˣϽâӯǰһȻغǳŶԷ
Ҳһ࣬еķɽٲȻͬģ
ʦֵܶ˼ʮ㣬̬ˣһҡͷ֮ûһġߣ곤ߣ޲Ǹؽ壬й֮ˡҲǣûгǣлԵϣҲδ̤˵
еһСƿƳһֵܣлӵܵĽһֵĵҩƨˡ
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ѣҲһ֮ⵤҩ̫ˣ¿ܲãջأһ뽫ƿϣ뻹ǺһѣҪصҩ
۾һɣЩߵ˵ѴԲӣһʣⵤҩ㻹ܱ˲ɡ˵žһܲջصҩ
ԷľʹһȻܲܽҩˣ˻ǰѲ˼ҵҩ֮ʵҲûнҩϵԵʡ
ˣһǽҩϰɣǲ𻹶㲻
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һûͫһЦһⵤҩҪˣҪһأֽҩ˵ҩΪУб±ɣ
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һϵʬףץԷǬɽٱӣ͵µӵܡ
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ѵǻͷѰԼ鷳ɾˣǸĺļһĸҵӸΪ£
ʦֵдĵʱԶ̨ߣɢ˵촽ţ׻һ㣬˫һе૵ҵ


314 
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ֻȴΪ֡ת۱ͬ飬һҪ˵Լ˭˼ƴɱֻӵԶԶģȴûȥܵԵɡ
ĸҵʤУж⣬Ҳᱻһ˿ӣȻ֮͵Ϯ֡
򲻹ܣܵʱ㲻ʱͷҧһڣͬԭһĽթһӦ֮
Է˶ֶ࣬޳֮뽲ʲô塣ǽ֮ʣ䲻֮ʱһԼ콣ṥ䲻
תɱ˺һĵ׷˹ȥϽṦһɫӰһ㣬ֻ˲㵽һ˸еɱ⳹ǣ˲ûͷæһֽŵ۽ţƴǰӴš
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ĳ˺׳ƳѰʿҲͷۣһССԵġ
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һ˫Ŀգѡ

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֮ʣδջسȣͷһݣæܣŭȵǡ
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315 бĩ
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ʮһżȻˣɶҶ𣬱ǽյİɢˡʱҶӢ̸²ףһɢޣȴڵĸ֡ɶҲò˰˱˴Ľ㺣˽Զ
Ҷߣڵĸ֣סҲǸոĸŮһܸеĿܣһɢޣȻǿۡҲûһڻؾԷռң֮롣
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˼ЩʱҵӷĴȻСԷˣҶЩڲ¾䡣ĵԪڵӣ˱ˣҲ⣬ֻǵһİΣ
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еҳϣУ֮£ּһѷɽҶ
ͷѵҶ𰵰ҧֻôһıгаպ֮ʱɽϮһ㵽һԣǷɽһ㣬׷ᡣ
δڷɽ֮ϣһĵʹԶϴʹ˫Ŀָһ㣬˿޶˲ķɽءһŶܷɽҶ˹ȥ
Ҷһȥһ˼Բߡͻķɽ˶ͷһϲֵķɽ˳ȥҳϵϮ֮ơ
дϢһУһѷɽ㵽˽¡Ҷ̤ҪڿգһϮ֪ã½һҪܣĽ˿Ѿ䡣ҳϵһѷɽѱܹڵʯУ̵ǰ
ҶɫһǿĽ˿ȴѣʹ
ɽҶؿڡ
Զҳϼ״ϲ漴һȻɽҶؿںֱ
ҶӱҲǽ֡ʲôʱôʹ˷ʤ޵Ĳ׶༪٣룬Ҳ˲óҴ̵ķɽֱ۱ץסıӣ˺
еɫǿצٿȻȣС漴һҶ𣬸߸еĳȣءһȥ
ͷһҶĵҲ֮һ֪ĳȼӦԣĽ˿˩סԼŲ
ļ֮£Ҷ˫ץסĽ˿ޱ͵һлζ֮£ſһھѪǽ˿ϵʶӡǣѸ侫Ѫʱա
һɣҶɽ֮ʱһƱ㵽󡣡䡪Ⱥݺĺ֮ϣ޴ĺ֮ӷɽ¡
ҶѪ׹ء
һ֣ųȣɫشЦ
ҶͨһԵڵأ󱳵м¶ڼסڼ˴󶴣Ѫģһܽ˴ʱľ˵ơ
˺ѷεʹϮһؿڣҶȥûڼףһӾҪɴʱһҲȥ˴롣
Ҷƺһ˵ڵءҳϵķɽ룬˺󱳣ֱڼסȥơȻһ͸
ҳеһˣҡҡͷ̧һУдһѪߡڵϵҶһҲ
Ѷ˴ӿ¡
𼦶̤ŷɽҶǻĺ⻯һЦȥŮɶҵĺŮҽķȥˣȣҪΰԹ˽ᡣ
˭룬ǵ˰ҶͻȻһ˻𣬴ӵϱȻԾ𡪡
һæҪһ𣬽ҶδеһƴΪʱ
ֻҶԾʱһԵһµ˲䣬䱾ͬеһһͬʧȥӰ


317 ˮ
ģ
ҶأӲԶģڸѰ˵ҵǣһҳѵ
һҲ˵ȥʮӵܳҪŹԲʮ֮ڵκζܲġ
ǰ˱ѵġѰȻӵѡȥӵϲ鷽ԲʮҪˣҪʬȥټ֣Ҫչأ
ץԼĶȣ۵ؿһۣɫȥ

׼ҳݶӵҶһʱɽּ伲С
ʦ֣ȵңں溰
ЩεתӣԹ˵ʦܰҪ
ſһŵҩ˿ЦȥǼӵƴʦ˵Ĳ˭֪Ҫ뿪ʱͷҲͽȥһǹ˲ҵġ
ʩչʱĹܳʮԶͣƴɱʱ꼰
˵յһж˶𡣹ʴˣʦֵܶҲ﷢飬ղסš
˵ʦְ˵СɵģҪˣҲϧġĸ˶һˣ֪ԼֵղصȴδʲôԡֻǣǸһɵСӣһЩ
ΪȻƲƲ죬ʦʲôһͼİáʦĿУ޵֮ˣ޳ҪγˮȻõҩġлнնأɵޱȣʱЩδزǱ֮
СҲǺú壬Ϊ˻ѲԺ˸貹һǡ˭ҪԪڵĵҩأٷϼƿҩԷһжµġ
ʦҲûа취Ϊ˭žҵĳأҶвΩҪ֮ΪɽƿҩҲٰ֮治ɫ˵
޵ʦ־ʦ֣ʶȻʦ˵ģʲôţŶˣǴ߼£߶
ʦܹˣ
ˣƶ죬Ҳͼﰲȣȴһ
һܳʮʱǰɽϣͻȻƹһŵöһ飬ŵͷܣȴâɽ϶ѪԲѵ
ŲӰЩϤʦֵܶ˻˸ǰȥ

ĹȣΪ֪ɴ˴ȴǴɽУһǵĵط
ȣ˼壬˲ط㼯֮ءڸдСţռɽ޵У
ԪǹеһСţɽڡ
ȵĹȿڶǧԶһɽԶһֻ˴ǵ壬Ǳһ㱻ԪڵУڴ˴ɽɡ
ԪǸɡ޵ҩ֮ʿйĻᡣ֪ޣ̫࣬ᵢСʦֵ˵Ĳƴɱ֮ҲʵɼʹˣвԸ뵤Ԫڡ֪һŵҩ֮ʡȴʮĿ֮֮Ԫޣ˭һأ
ҩϾһ;У֮Ժ㣬޲ꡣ˲֤ô
֮УҲ޵֮ˣɻǱȲϵԪڵǧ굤С
ԪƵĵҩƷ໹ҩ֮ʴˣС˱Ϣ棬ȴҲò̫ѡԪڵĵӣʦֵܶ˳ʱҲֱ档ȻǼٵĳ⡣
⼸ӵʵ񻰣ΪˣҲһҪҵĶʵʦš
һ·ۣʮպ󣬶˻صɽţֱʦĶȥ;һЩʦֵܣ׷״к
һǰУһƬҩݼ䣬һֱӣ׷΢Цţһ׸ȡˣ˵ʦԪڵˮˡ
Ӱݼʦæǰȥʩһ
Ǻǣͺãпɻ˳ˮºͣͽ´ͣ
ʦӲͼ˼ˣͰ͵˵һ䣬ȦȻһ죬͸һίһԵҲͷʾʦԲ顣
üͷ΢壬ˮŶһתһҩǰʵ˺£
㽫·ϷһУϸ˵һ顣ӵܼ壬ᵤҩʦֵܶս˵һ£˵鲢ïֳ֡һԸţƵʱΣ˻ʦĺ鸣ȫˣ
ʦֵܶ˵ˣЩؿʦ
ǰҩݣˮ˳˰죬˵ϲͺȴʵˣ
Щؿʦһۣæ˵ӵо𹫷ߣ·ͬʿ·ƽεʦֵܶҲǸ֮飬䵤ҩʾл⣡
ߣ
ˮһתͽܣ˵ҵԪϲ˵ı»Ϊʦ֪𣿳˶ݵģǱ֮¡
֪ͽĪʦͽʲôˣΪʦˮȻŶ˻вʵȥֻǣԴֻǳԾѡͽܹɣ͸ʦƢ״æȵʵ顣
¶˾̬ˮҲΪͽܣڰ˵Ҳһ壬ȴڵΪΪʦὫ±֪ȥЪϢɣ
ɴ⣬æǣҪͷȥ
˭ΪʦԺҲлˮں׷һ䡣
δѴܳ˼Զͷʦطϣ˲һɢ޶ѣ
ʦɫæѵ˵ʦԣɢҲʿ񣡡̶ֺǺһЦת˵ʦ˽һһ̵ĵط£Ӹˣ
ˮףĬһ벻ͽŻܿˣͷһһ
ͣ˽ŲĵʦôˣῴǸһΪԼ˺ڹɣ
˵һ飬ǲԴ̣ˮ˵


318 
̣жδˣжûʹˣһʱĳˮЩеʵΪʦ˵˵ȥ˺δΪβ
ʦֵɫ࣬æһСܷ
ʦԵƢºͣһĳԵӲʿɽôһδıɢޣ׷ʲ
ʦʦһΪѵֱͷôʦ˵أ
ˮ֪ͽɫ˵㽫ʵ
ˣʦˣʦɫŵһ⡣ôɴδʦɫôѿ˲ʦˣ㽫һԷγ֣ɱҵӣܴȵȣһһʮ˵һ顣
ˣҲˣʵʵ˵Ӧʩչӹҵ׷ɱ;бʦزѣǻˣӸ֮ιʳ˵ĵҩ
˵˴ʦɫˣæֽ˵ɽҰڶ࣬ҵ˶ں׷ɱʦ£ǶǰʮѰһɽУɽʯסڡѹ˶գ㲻ǵ֪ˣ
˴ˮ˵ɫתԼͽ䵨С£Ǿ֮ˡֻϣֻп컯ˡ˵ɽ
ͷ˿æóһƬ¼ɽڽʦ
˻ȥ㣬ûҵظ߳ɽţˮץһۺ󣬱һ䣬
ʦ֣ʦôˣδ˼أʦԶȥӰµʵ
֪ѽһǻȥʵŰɣʼ磬ͷɥӣȥ
ʦˣҲֻø˹ȥֻʦ𷣣δǸһϡ
ʦֵܶ˳֮䣬ԲƢԣƻǼ飬ؽһһءҶһ룬֧֮ʱǡñײ
Ҷһǻѣһн˶Ĳ֮£ԥ֮ʦֵܱϻȥι˵ҩ
һԵɣֵֶֿԷҰȥҲҵ׷ǣԼǺ˱һҶǰ˼ʮ·ǡһɽ㽫ӵɽʱĵʯͷס˶ڡ
ֵת㽫һԺ󣬿Ҳһʱķ֣һҶˡ޳ȴһһĵֻأѰº˵ֻɺϣ
˵ۣһҲѣɢ˱Ҷ𡣶º˵Եʣʹһ׷ɱˮҲ˶ݣĪ³

ʱһһε˾ΥξС
ĳЩİʶǰʤѩӰƮİơɽĶݹ⻮ʣԼ׷ɽۣ֮֮УЦһľԶһĿ塭ͨĸ߷壬ֱ֮ϣԼͻȻ׹䣬ߵľЩϤǰһӰݺҵ˵ϣǶϽۣһЦԼ
ξУһ˹漴ʹһ͵ʹȫǰһڣֿ֨֨ؽҧסأţѵ˫ۡ
ŵֻξǰһںڵɽʲôҲԼһ˺ѷεʹ˲˫ۼ֫ٺҺһ亹Ӷͷ£˰ֻεطһǰǰڵϣ˱۾ֹ֮ʹ˿δȴظաˣǹȥģξԼδȥ
Լδ˭Լ˴Ǻڣ
㡭ˣһϢ˵
ɤЩϤⲻΣ˾ߣ
۾һʲôǼ⴫ľʪζУһɵѪ
סǰһЩ㱡˵ˣɤƣ㣬Ȼǰɢ˵
ȡȡ˿˿
СӡѹˣҲҾһ˵˵ҵôܵ
ɢĻУмҺڴ
Լˣ
һţ˼ЩңĵЩ䡣ɢ˵ĻûʲôɴʱУտյûûΪ˲࣬æ̽Լ
ʶڣһ˿۵ֻûˣ˫۹飬Ѫⱬ׹Ƕ¶˳ãܻסอλȴ޴ˣϸϸ鿴֮ʱ䣬һ˿ڻ߲
һ˿һֶЩοôʱɢ˵ɤ
˵ҡ֧Ų˶ã
ʶУһſɽеΡһɴķյɽڣԼĽűߣһ˰аɽʯϡɫң˫մȾѪǰɢˣ
һ㣬ʹЩתһЩɵʵǡ
ĵ̾˿˵Ϊʧ˶ˣԱĿʾˣǵѡҡԭҶ𣡡
ȵȡ˵ʲôһҶ֣һЩŵʵˣҶ𣿡
һ˵ɫʱ˲ɷؿڼţʵô˵ɶĹѨ󵨡ȿȣ


319 
һֱĵǣһһ仰ҶеŭԼĹѨеģ鰮֮ﰡ
һóʱҶ㵣ɶĹѨ˻ȥԷ˵ĹϵģȻǽǴĹѨܲŭΪʧԶʱҶһСӣ
һЩ£ȴҶɫв²ʲôȻɢ˱ҶԭȵòӦһϳԼеǶԷԼһԵʡ
Ϊ˾ԼҶȴ˵شһ֮࣬ȥŭԷæ˵ǰϢŭǴĹѨȡѳ֮𻵵ĹѨȴ޲ãϲȥλɶǰ
һ󼱴ٵĴϢҶŭɫԻ˵˵
ɽУЩȣʹֶãһֻεšԼ˯ȥ˶ãҶΪҪԼôܵˣɶкι֪Щĵƣʹֻ˯ȥ˯ˣӱ㲻ˣ㲻ôˣ
ɴʱҶ𣬱вʱϨ
һ֪Ǿʹ˳˯ȥʽ޴֪Լ˵˶ںޣҶҲȥ
ҧҧһǿʶǬó͵ĵҩһֻƿߣҩУȥһֻƿɵҶǰҲ˲࣬㽫һƿҩι¡
Ҷ״˵ʲôſͣ˵ҩҩڻģصĴϢкתȴҲȥߴһ
˽صƣǵҩ֮㣬ʤޣٿƽһʹ˶Щ˵ľͷ
ɽоĬƬ̺һеЩǽһе˵һ顣ĩˣ˵ð˵ޣȡ֮ཫһнĹǰˡ
Ҷδôʯڣ˫Ŀն˼ƮԶˣͬһŨص˻;ԶĻС
һʮǰĳ濤һСɽУҶأΪһ򸾵ĶӡӣʹҶĸĸϲ񣬾۰ǻ֮飬׶ճ󣬺ҶҵѪ
ҶСϲĸΪͷ⣬ǴϱҲΪ⺢ԺһϢɾҶʮʱһ·ʿΪͽܣҲӴ̤ĵ·
ʦǸڵɢޣϲͽܵĴϻ۹ɣ㽫żõһ׹ҶڡҶʴӱ̿㣬ʮΪֱ׷ʦʤơ
ʱҶ˫̷ΪТؼҴ˼ꡣȺȥҶŻȥʦ
ɢ޾ѣʱ裬һʱʦɣҶһˡ
Ҷ𲻸ʶ䣬ɽ֮п޶Ժ󣬾ɹΪһɢ˵ѣɸѡҶȴʦµĹƾ㣬ջɹ
һҶʮ꣬ڶ֮֮£и֮ɽˮ֮⡣Ҳһ꣬ɶʮ꣬绨ꡢò֮ʱֻΪ˵мµơ
ɶ׸ĸףӡò׽Һĸɲ˴ϴ棬˼꣬ͳɼ֮±徣׵Ů
ΪҳϵŮֱӦΪɶڶӵܵĺǻг󡣿ĸ׵Եʣͬĸ衣ԴˣŲʣδɶԼŮ޶ѵ⡣
ɶУҵˣĸһ㣬żµӰˣ
Ϊʿķɶȱٹ뵤ҩΪȻӵܡ߳ңΪı¡ΪˣŮҲŹκΪĻᣬϼļбҲΪȥĵط
ɶţĵҩϵʯޣÿһζǿֶأԸ
һգɹⲻ˰ף
ҵϲ֣Ůӡֻһ˴Լһ徲Уߵ˼ϣҵĵҩǰɶͣ˽Ų
Щҩӣɢ޵⡣ӵеҩΨûɶġ鵤һƿʯϽеʯǸոսΪʿʱҳ֮⣬һС
ϵʯɶҧ촽˺һ̾һȥһºͺɤ𡪡
յĳϼ֣λ֪кϲѽ
ɶפתһʿͦΰʵЦϣ˫Ŀ峺һض
һİˣһò׵ӣɶЩɬ֪źá
ǺǣҶԳˣλв֪γƺ
˵˱˵Ҷȥҩ￴ȴһѵŮǻһʡ˭֪˶Էò֮󣬶ʱΪˡһʩȴ׵ŮӣüĿ䰵ԹҼǶԷɬʱԼ飬һĶ˶飡
ǰ£˼ϡ٣ɶ԰£ϲԭί
Ҳֵ˴أҶΪȻҡҡͷ˵ȥҩͬȥΣ
ɶһͬУҴҸǣ
Ƕ˵ıӰȥҶϧȴҲþȴԼĲɵתһȦڼһɽ֮ϣٴμ˶һ˵ķɶ
֣ȴʹ˱ơɶ޴ȥɽ֮ǲĵҶԼĵŮӣڴ˴ѻҲȥǰ̸
ϲ̸ķɶ֮£ôһעԼӣĵس飬˶ơƼˮ֮ˣת۸ԶԺҲˡ
ȴ֪Եֱˣڲ֪ʱһ仰һˣ̤һ··ϣϲб㿪ڵɲǣһжԹעҲ޴Ӹı䣡
벻л֮£¿ŮӣࡣɶľҶΪ֮ڷ絲꣬뾡ܵŮӴ֣
㣡ҶóһǬ跿ɶ
ǬУʯ͵ҩһĹһ˿ɶƴǣỹǽסϣĸ⣬ǰ˵Ĵ
ɶԷʵ⣬֮࣬Ůҵ֣ʹ̫֮ضܡҶΣֻΪڣɽط֮ʱ
ԷϵΪˣ飬ɶӦ˶Էɽ֮ǣ֮ʱ˱ڼɽϻ档ģŮϵҶԼΪ׽֮ˡҶҲƣ԰Ρ
Ũ֮ʱⲻңǼᶨҶҪ˹֮ġ
ҶΪͣΪ˵ĺ֮ǣס˭ʱԷȴҵŮӣȻŭҵĳȴǿҶΪһ󣬱׸ҡ
׸һɵļ壬һΪߵʿ˵˸֦ΪҶ˵ȴһ衣ĸʱôӣ֮ʱڽӴ֮¡
ʴˣҶʱһڻؾҡ
ɶº֣ӵֶӳ֮ܣʹҶһŭ֮£Ҫż˽ɶҲҾͷȻȻܳ˼š
˭ϣ߳ŭ֮µ׷Ͼ˼ҵ棬֪ҶֻôŷɶĴӡ
ɶΪ̫ͣҵ׷ɱ֮УӵˡҶҲ˲࣬һ֮ɱ˶ҵӡһֵʰ


320 
һգ콵꣬ҶŷɶߡȥѰһµԶܺ쳾ţ˫˫ܣһɾ¡
ƣ˫УҶɱҵĵӺҵļλ׷
ҶŷɶƴɱҲĸּ϶ԷԼŮҪ˽Ե
Ǹڱļ壬иҶŮδز׮£ȴɶĸ׵ԵʣǨŭԼŮ
ôһϲŮʿΪ¡֪Ůͬˮ𣬷ɶ޳ȥԺң޹ϸ
ΪˣʲԸ㽫Ůеǰ檣ҶܻȡһЩô
ôһΪ΢Ů泤Ըѳţȥ˼ӵеŭҶͷϡǴ˹ƻ빴֮£Ҫɱ˶ԷԽͷ֮ޣ
µĺܴҶŷɶУĺǱҵ˺ߡ֮£ֻ·ɽɶ
˵ķɶ壬ˮ˸ͨ͸һʯɪɪģΪѰһƬԼأôļѣοΪǰǸˣ
ЩģҶعͷб顣ɶҧ촽ǿƣ룬Է΢ЦһЦ̣Ǹ˵İοҲǱ˴Եڹͣ
ɶһߣңҶ˵
֣㣡ɶţǰͦεı۰򣬱Լõ
֪߳ܵĹŮ־ܣʱŭȵλѽ˵䣬Էǲӡ
Ϊʿ֪ʿ֮䣬Ըɽɵ£ܱЩȽοΪ˸ֻΪһ˽ŮҽշҪ˴ߣΣҶֳײ壬Ц
ЦȻΪһ֮ŮɥǣҲȻˣɣ
˶ڣδ˷ɽ
һ⻮㵽ǰҶһףͬǺҫ۵âӭȥ
RһϮɽķɣƶȥն˶֡
Ϊոδֵʹãֻһб·硣ԷɽѵУæϼӳ˼ֽ󣬳Ԯ
ת˲㵽ͷŵɫ䣬ˡ֪ϵķֽ費סһλҳҲǴ󾪣ɽȡ
ЦһҶָһٻ˷ɽ
ķɶ״һҶ˾ҲΪ룬Ͼ߱
ҶĴ治֮ʱѷɽȴĵسɱ˹ҵæ˦Ƭ壬ơɫڿзƣסڵѷɽ
ҳϼ״ּһѷɽʿ֮ÿϴżѷɽ˷ʤתۼ䣬ѷɽҶǰ
ҶƵ߷ʣ޼ֻüСⷿɶ棬й˼֮£ʩɱ֣غϺԵ׽⣬ЩƣӦ
ڴʱſӣһ̵ҶǰɶȴǴ󾪣Ҷԭز㲻·ɽ˵Լ˲࣬ƴǰһԡ
⧲֮£ܳ˻ʧɫķɶŵҶҲɫ䣬æһסԷȥ
ֲ飬ɽ㼲˹ȥһѪֱ͸Ҷ
ƺһҶ֪Яŷɶ̲ϱȥ͸ķɽٿȻתִӷɶĺ󱳴ض
ɶĿѵҶ𾪺һʱ˫أ֮²ҳɣŷɶ߶Ѹ˫˫ʧȥӰ
æʶ̽ܣûж˵Ӱֻͣȴޱڶ˲˭Ҳ벻ɱԼŮ

ʮһ̲ϣѪӵһ
Ҷﱧŷɶɤɶɶң㲻µģ
ͳҩƿæŸιµҩ˲ʹ߶ڵӿ뷿ɶڡ
ɵ뷲죬ΪҪȥңɱҵģ˵ҰиʧҸô죡ɶ˵𣿡
ˮˮ䵽˷ɶϡĽë£۾󣬺һ˿οЦ⣬˵û㣬ָô죿
ɶʹҶϲں̲϶æɽããĺϷȥ
һ߽ǰУҶһס˷ɶơ֧֮ʱ˱䵽һϣ˳Ʈȥ
ɶɽ˼ҶڽάϵŮӳŲ˶á
˲ҿĸĵ죬ҵ׷ɱȥҶϵĵҩһ꣬ȱҽҩʹεֻƴΪҪһζӻŷɶȥ
ںշת˴󣬶˴̡һƶʿĵطɶȴٵҶߵʢʱһȷ

һƻ£ҶŷɶɫƣΪѽڣУȴбɴʡȴ·ࡣֻǳõķУʹеΪ̡
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ֻǷЩɶĪ£ЪϢһߣҶһʯϣŻ˲Ըɿ
ɶҶǰ¶񵭵Цݣ˵ĻҲ£۾ૣ֣ɶ£
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321 Ȼ֮
һ˵£糿ĺŨصɢȥ
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νʿǶ˷ִ
ЩĽĸǰУ߳ǧͬŶŮ鳤ķ黳
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һ֪ѻ˯աҶǻȥȴһʶҲܸ֪ʦֵܶ˵ΪһֱǿһҪһ
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Ů֮¶һŴӱһȻҶ治֪γ԰ο
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ģزƴǣԷѵͿݵĵزһ̾ϢΡ
Ҷδɣ˫Ŀ͸Щɫʣ˵ҪһпܵĻɶؼң
ԣһȻӦֻҪˣΪǰȫ׮£
ϵǬȥҶ˵
ǰҪôһһ䣬ǽԷǬȡ
˵ôĻҶǰ󷢺ڡǼҩҩ֧ţѳ˯ȥ
ѵ˿ҶͣƾɴʦʱãΪ˶ȥɶϧһֱδȡˡգ
ǬУҰһЩضãˡˡȥɶ
ʯϵҶ˿۾
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˭һδ˵Ǹе˫ȣϹΪһ壬һ˿˿֫ٺлζšһ̣е˫ѽѪ裬ָҲеڵɣʵ˾ϲ
˶һɽĶѱ򿪣һòŵˣǰף΢Ц
ҡеϢ˳һڳɵʵ
ǺǣǵԪڵˮ˳ˮˡСͽµĻˣȴǣ㣡
˵֮ˣǴӵԪڸˮˡѰ⴦ɽʱһֻȥգʱ˿ΣڵϦ
״ˮæóϺõĵҩΪ£ִ߶ͨ磬ǹգһƽת˹
һ֪ԷʦרԼģ˲óлæʵǰлһءɽֻдԼҶȥˣ
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п֮࣬ˮ˶һǸ⡣
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ǰĶ£ģһлʦΪΣԼϾΪ˼ʦͽȡݶҼ£ֻԺˡ
һ޴󰭣ˮ˵ҲࡣǺЦЩС£ؽ黳οԹСͽܴ˽ѣӲأ
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˵ţЦݵȥ̾һҼûʲôˣҲǣң
һȻˮ⣬ᣬʱʧ̬Ҳ֮顣ȴϣһѿڶǰκʣ
ˮͷһĪǶԷԼĹ˲ɣԣ֮
ŵؿǰˣһҲѣ£˵ɺϣһֱϰġԴˡӦǱӽʱ˵һ¡Ҳ벻ڴ˴䱾ˣ־Լ
˵ҵ֣㸸ĸ˭ˮǺ
һסĵļʶٿ֮£һСӻɳǰ״ˮǰһץһ£ϲǺǣⲻҵġλϣ˵
Ǵˣĺѣκʡ
׷һˣˮͷæӦλѵĽԼĽչ
ٺһΪˣϲĪ㽫ؼѰѩƵľϸ˵һ顣ȻҲⲻֽ̡ĵá
֪ϲãʹö˵һʱ󣬲δͣ˻ͷ
ˮеؿһ˵壬ҺѰŮ־ҵͽܡһڴĴӦ㣬ʹѰǺҲҵģ
Լҵֶһ㣬ˮֹеʵ֪Ժкδ㣿벻ҵԪڣ
ԺһͷһȡгӦԺ·ࡣ漴뵽ʲô֮£˵֪ҵıڡɱҵˣֻǲưոݡ


322 
һ֪ʲô˵ԪڰҵıΣڣܻỤȫ
ˮ˳£һתɫ˵ֻһ䣬ĺ뷨ʲô
ǰˮˣһ뵽λ᲻ŶԷĳأ仹˼Ƭ̺˵ֻ֪߶Զ
עһ֮ˮŸд̾ҵγأνɵƮ찡Ưֿ֮ʮءҲˣһûյĲ·
ǰγԣһʵ
ŷݵˮɫòȻһЦʣɲǳ֮Ҫ鳾ΪСЩڵ伮ߴ֮еˣߣû
һҡҡͷ
ˮĵ˵뵱ҽ󣬶ɵĪΪԴò˰ĹԪľɡ֮ң޵ý𵤣ΣԪӳˣΪҲļѡûûҹĿʱԪӤڵĿңɼչ붨ʱһκľ٣
ԪӤ֮󣬻деĻڣԺ˵顢顢ͺ塣ΪԺܳҿδأ˵Ҫؿ޲ֹ
˵˴ˮȻһЦǾˣڵΪȴҲԵ֣
ܵˮϵƣһҲãȻУ
һ㻹֪߶Զ𣿡ˮ֮⣬ĿдЩڴעһ
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ңҵԪڶҪΪͽҲ˵ʲôΪҪǰһ仰أһעһ˵̤һ;ֻΪǿ󣬲ſڴ㡣Ȼ㣬ͷ£ҲƽƽĶȹһԪȴѡ
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ЩԺ˵ҪˮаԼƽһ󣬱Ҫһߡɽһʿ֮ء
ʱһˮҶźװ̳ߡ
ˮ˴һУټ죬ʹ˸еѣΡڷɽ֮зݵԵȥ
һ֮󣬶˱˵ĸھ൤ԪɽŲԶһɽУһͱ֮ϵɽǰˮ˽һУһѵҩһö䰲ľ֮ȥ
˴ˮľ֮ΪƧ֪ʵΪ˵ľ֮ءһɽУǰһڱڣɴСĶҲΪˬ˴ľҵɽҪŨࡣ
аһʶסɽˮ˵ָ㣬µҩĿ뾲ķ
˵̫أҿˮ˸ϵļʱȻһ治֪ܲѹ
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һ˹֮ʱˮѸϻšδԼĶֱȥѰ
һɢɱҵĵһ£µĹһЩźͼдĶУˮڵʱ֪Ϊ·
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뼸λͬźһºˮǹһһԵϡΧһŵıǵԪڵ
ˮҵӱնɱϼɽȲԶѴķзŴҵԪйأ֪֪пͣ˵ǵԪΨһĽʿΪ˽ֻǽ𵤳ڵΪڼڵĳǰ˿ûһ֮ƣǸµϺˡ
ڣԪҲһŵĺƵĵҩڴĵĿڱԵҩ˲ԵǴҲʶȤĵԪڼֱ档ԪڲԴΪɽøźͼ塣ҲǵԪڴǧ֮ö˥һԵʰɣ
ҵӱɱеԪڵǣȥЩͷۡЩʵãÿһ屳ŴڣԲǵԪڿ׵ġʴˣڵĳ£ܲܽ´»СС»ޣԺźòİӡ
µˮˣ̾ģɵðҡͷ˵ʵͷ㽫·ϼʱҵִһ˵˳ȴδһҶˣֻ˵ͽܽҵʱߣͲ̫ˡ
˱ã˱ðȻҵӵ޹أЩҩʾοҲҵԪһ׮У˿һȦӵĳϽǿŸ˵ȻҲҪԺҵ·ϼʱϲҩĶУ
ǵɫźתһͬˮҲֻһ𸽺ͣȴǰ̾Ϣ
ˮнһ뵤ԪڵͷСд־ʿδ˶ǰ;ΪһİΣ롣ǽ£ˮڣʵʵʿҲǸȱķӡ
˱ϾԴ̹ˮһԨԴڡΪܲȫһЩһڴɽΪѰ;Ϊã


323 ֮
ϼɽɼ壬֦ͬҵӱɱһ£Ƕ̶̼գ㴫ϼɽÿһ䡣
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һľûκιʵ֪ұǡľ˵һֵˣľҲҪΪ
ľȥľĪ

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㣬˵¶𣿡ľźһɽ£Щʵ
ԲԲ°ҲԲཱུġصĵͷɷµ˵ɲأǰԺЩʦֵ˵ʱġоɣΪġ
·ƽʱͦһĸڵĸ֣Σ壬ɱˡҵļʣµҲܲأ
Բ˷ܶͨ죬ੲݵ˵ͣȴľЩ¡ΪʿԺɽҲһЩ֪һΪڵʿвߣɱȴ١Ĵģƣһˣ䲻᲻£
뵽˴ľеһĵĿֻšֻܰԸһ㲻µģ

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ɵͷϣԪʮ׳ĺӣǰΪԪС
ʦ֣ذɣԸֵܻ֮꣬ط֮գԪĿᣬ˵
һӢԪ࣬޵ǸɬĵʿģʱһװƱˣü
ֱڼԪȦһ죬ǰһѱסԪ磬˵ʦܣȥ·;ңԶౣأʦ廹ڴأԺҷɻȥ㣡
ԣԪΪЦֵܶϧԪЩӣڳӵĴ빪͡
ê﷫һĺ𣬺뿪ɡɽڴͷһããʱסȥ
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ɵĺȥԶԪͷϣעĿԶ
Ԫֵܣ´ʲôΪã
һԪţԪۣıһԪţ
ҵȲμ
ֵǣһԪʼ£Я֣δ

ɵĺ뿪ĵºڵ帽ǸɽУ˵һ붨л۾
һ˸еˬһӶһ˫ۣ߬߬ȭͷֻˡȬ⻹Ҫ鹦ˮ˵ĵҩ֮ӯΪҲоҪ˶ãͻ߲ΪĿܡ
һɽⲽ²ȥ
Զɼһǧɸߵɽ壬ϼεΰɽççԲԣǧ鱥һһŷֽµɽһͱ֮ϣɣľڣΪءΪˮ˵һƬˣԼûбɴڿշУǻҪⶴˡ
һɽеˮֻһΡ鿴һƺһƬ򣬽ˣδ
óһƬ˿һˮĴʱȬؼ뿪˵أôõĵط治ˡ
ض£һóϴˮʱ򡣡ԭˮδҲδ⡣
һδ뵽ǣˮУһƪġĹԭ֪ĹȣΪʵ֮Ĳٿ֮Ϊϸ¡
ϲ֮µһƪµġμסɫĬƬ̺óҶǬ


324 ȥȡ
ҶǬУࡣʯҩһסһӻһЩҩݺƷһǰһѡ
ΪòɻûһΪǸһΪǰҲδܱµα
š򣬳˼ãһŸеЩĹԼǸȱġȣν֮𡣱ΪҶߵò뽭еһ֪֡ʿݣҲרŵĹ
ʵΪڵĸ֣Լʾ档˸Ϊ𾪵ǣɻûһڵΪҲ˵һô˷ûڵΪԽʿᱻ˿ơ
˼飬ȷһŽСĵ
߷ĵһţ¼һƬžɵϡﲻ֪ҶӺδõģпʱơ
һһıӣĴšֳģѰ£ޱǶС롱֡עЩȥӶʱҫۡĿһֶһʯͷ׿ٿȻɻصϣһ߰ɡ
Ҷǰıԣ䱾˺˵ıסֽŲܵˡĶˣסһʿҲΪûʶӡأ
ҶڵʱΣʱ̣ѪѹסޣҲʴʶӡǡЩһ֪ģܲô࣬漴֮ΪС
ҶǬУ٣һЩǰϰһЩһЩСķŷһġķһֱԪӤڵԲٸĹЩСǿڿϾʱϰһ¡
ҶһƬʱһǰһ
һƪжݷ֮һ֪ǵϻһݷɱ֣ҵǼʿõݷȥκȻѣյֻ֡ݷֻһĹʱЧ̣ڵҲ߲Զ㲻ͬˣʱӶݶȥҶǰǽ˶ݷŴԼʿ׷ɱѡ
һΪصɵó̾Ϣһλɱ֣Ϊϲ֮δ뵽ʱȴǽ
ϧҶµУ֮һҲ޸Īǣ飬۲䣡ϧظгһգܽ临ԭ
ҶǬУмٿʯһЩϡҩݣ±һЩƿˡƿװһЩҩõģƿʿΪġѵ͡򵤡һ»òЩҩһСƿӣдšӬͷС֡һȴʧҡҡͷСƿǿյġ
һҲ֪ڵʿҪһ˵Ҫ˴˵ҩԺɵİա
֪ǧٸʿУ߲ˣɼжѡɵİգڵʿΪ֮ϲˡΪܿ۽磬ʶ¡ʲôģȴδϵֻһƿӡ
һδ˶еʧ䣬ҶЩ˵˹֪㣬Щʯ븨ĹԺл࣬ӦбҲЩֶΡ
ǰõĶһóװҶźһ̳ӣ˶ںãؿ˼ͷŽͬµﵥŵһǬСǸҶȻõģҲ
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۾ϵ״һһӻȥһûɽʯС
ʱһʯΪһ壬˵ǰʯӰȴĸΧĴڣݷȫΡһٿȻ׹ȥʮɣһһǰʮɣʩչֻ첻
˴൤ԪڲԶСЩΪáһһֻصɽУ̾ѡⷨΪ˲ϢʮǧﲻȣʧΪϵȶ治֪Ҷεģⲻ˶Ҷһ
һȾƬ̣ˮġϰ˼飬ĵ֮óˡ
⣬ԾǣϢûޣУջûòνޱȡĹǲϰеǹһҲżĥ

תʮµӦǺɱļڣɻҶï۽Դ
һգһеڴæȥ
Ȼˮ˽ʾһض񣬱кһ£ϸϸǰ΢΢ףº͵˵ƻָĲҲ࣡
ǰϤϣﻹСӵĽգǰһ֮£һл
ˮ۾һɣҡͷֵСӲҼ⣬ڴĿףҲ˭㣿
ԣһĬĬ˵ͷ˵ˮʶãȴ֪ԷԴ񣬼飬ԼԹνʵ⡣ݶֻмУǹϡ
ϴʱƵ˻ָĽҪͷµˣδ㡣ҩ˵ĸ֮ҪԼйС벻ֻǹ࣬㲻ȬҲѿǺǣǰһС㣡
Ѱʿ˵أҪĴãҪϡһ˹鹦ˮĵҩ֮ȴ֪޵ġķͬأȴˣֻҪתתķҲܻĻָ
£һΪ̫ͣķ벩󣬻дԺȥˡ
˵ݼڡˮĵϲԹС˵һԴ̣ϲµ㼱ҴҵҪȥ¶ԷԵʣǶһְ֮顣
һתˮ˵Ϊҵ²ˣֲ㡣Ҫ֪ʿңȴдΪЩ˼ǰΪѰһȥзգȴҲͬлԵڡ֪Σ
ˮԴЩźĿ⺬Źе飬һ
һδ룬˵һǰ
ˮǺЦһβס֮⣬Цؿһ˵㻹δ˵Ҫȥδأ
һֱӣɫĺ񰮣СӵĴԵ峺ԴǿУˮͷ˵ãұΪ˵һ


325 Բ
ҵʱһصʿߡϲõ˵Ԫڣƽࡣһִ£ڵΪһӽڣӦʲô¡
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ˮ뷨֪һڵĵӣ뱨Ҳ˼ɡϾµңºҲ˶Լĵӷ䡣һóԼӵֶֺһ壬Ǹܵġ
Ժ󻹻ᷢʲô룬ҪԼıˣˮ˵ķԵˣҲȼ뵤ԪڻԪҪõĶ࣬һΪĸԸضһСԶ¶ͷһˡ
ǰΪҺãһ԰գһڵء
ˮЦһóһƬһö򣬴⻹мƿעһ˵ΣԷͷǣΪ⡣
֮ĳνɲǰġеĶݸһ˵֮áҶʱһЩǣϾ֮ԿмƿҩЩô
ˮ뵽ʲôһ֣óһͭСĵ¯Цˣʱĵ¯Ҳɣ
һϲЩ֪룡˵ֻ״ܿȴԼ涨ˮһѪڣ治ǰ׺ġǵ¯͹ӣδֱܸеȵϢȻҲǸ
ϲԽһеƿһ
ˮΪ˵ǧ󣬿Ҳ㲻ʲôһЩҩɵҩҩѰҲֻˣԺʱҪõһƿԪҩЧùΪ棬û֮ǰĻһɡ
ԪڣйǿԪ֮Чƿ˵꣬ȴҲǵԪõҩϧҩѰ൤ҩͽе޷ơҲһζƾ赤ҩֻ֮ͨĽݾΥ֮ࡢֵҪּˣҵԪǾǸˡмǣ
ˮһ֪ԣʹһĪæ̻壡
һЩеĹؽһ£ˮһ뿪ɽ
һθеѸ״εѣκͲʱһϲ˲Ϣĳ⣡
Ŷһ֮£ˮֻ˼Ŷȥ
ˮҪԼڵɽǰⲻ˱֪˵ĹϵԺһǳ鷳˵ǣˮͷϡ˲壬ΪԷ룬ͬһָжƾ١
ˮ֮һһʯǰԶãã͵֣Դ羰ʱΪã޼ʵɽȣ˷Ȥ鶯֮
ȺܴУʹ˼ʧһǲΪ⣬ѽȵĴμУھڶ֮⣬ʩչҹͣĸ·ҹܸϵڣֻҲҪ˼ˡɴǿЩҲͬڿ˼ǳ鷳
ȲüŸ·յߣ
һʯĲΪһǰƮȻȥҹУһգ;һӰδ
յ峿ɵϢһҹһɽ·
ʱһͣЪϢһᣬɫһɣһԵĴȥ漴СãһϪðӰĴ
ϵһȥΣĿۿɵ¶Цݡԭһ˾һͬˣ˵Цţδͷˡ
벻ֱ𼸸ּ˶ԷһסϵͷŶ˵ĶԻ
ʦ֣ɷԶ𣿡һ£ǬһƬ壬ɫ
һ½ʶʦ֣иƽĲΪ˶ʮͣ˳ЩȴԵúܻһ˫͹ӵضЦس˵ȥԶֵͶԵҲŲ͵͵ȥأԪŵĵУǵһ֪Ǹطģͷɱ˵Ϊ͵ĵǲȥɷģڳ֪ˣⲻҪ𷣡
мس买֣˵ǾͶлʦֵĹˣлִʵĿ̵ֻֽǣΪΪ͵ĵӲȥɷأ
ƽҡҡͷЩͷ˵һЩΪӵĵӣ޹ʧ˺üڵĳŴСİɣʦڣȥƽ
ԣ¶ɵɫʼ䣬µλʦ֣³ţǸȥ
ϵһüͷһ¹ȵͼԪھڸԶļţǼ飬Ǹʦȴ˿Ų룬δֳΣĸ˹ȥɷ
ǰߵĲ죬һںһﴦš˰ʮ·̺󣬶˹սһϿȣǰʮʱһ˿ЦԸƽ˵ʦ֣ɷ˻Ƨ֮أߴ˰ɣ
ôϻƽĻͻȻӲһĨɫͷشߴٵߣǰ͵ˣ
ƽһºʹ˵ʦ֣ͻȻģͷһסͣ½Ų
Ϊͣ״ƽɫ׺
ǿЦ˵ʦְһЩ˽¡ҪҪҸȥΣǸʦҡʧˣ˵ţضŶԷŲȥ
ƽתЩȵؿ漴Ц˵ʦܣϷˣʦأôԶ·˵ȥͲȥˣ治ʦҷ
ˣѽԷ²һԻں֮࣬ȴҲŵɫ֪֪治֪ģ벻ʦֵ֮Ҳ˴˿Ӻ
ʦ֣ƽ㲢޲֮İʦֵһŹʦѽһ˿ң
Ǻǣ˵Լʿķᡣϵĺöɣʦұһ㣡ƽ˵
ϣšˮԼôǵļʿ˶ʼɡˣҴ򲻹㣬ԶԶ㿪ΪֻҪصűˣ뵽˴ҳɣͷܡ
ƽżڽЦ⣬δ׷ϡűӰ˳ǡסȥ·


326 
벻Էͬڴʧɫаһˣ
Ŀĺӣ죬ֳַΪһ߲ʿλҲΪȻ븻ƽһģסһЦСӵǹԾܵˣ
һ˵ƽСΪôͣûˮ
ƽЦһ˹˵Сܼλ硣СԼʿٺףҲѰʿһЩ
תн첻Ӧеصزľɥ뱯ΪͣЩǷǣȴǺ޼ʶƽ⼸ɢеβ»ڵġ
Լ飬ָŸƽСˣһһʦأ֮٣Ͳŵ𷣣
ܻģһЦƽЦеǻʬ𼣵Ĺ֪еá
־͹ԪͽϣȻƽСҲ첻ȥһ˷Ц
Ǹ߲Ϊɢ˵ҵȽǹ¿֮ˣſпʯҲȥСӵù֣
˼˷ɽҪնɱ
ʱ֮ģԷ˵ΪԸ̫߳࣬κһ˶Ӧ¾Ψһ³
ʱԶһ¶˼ʵ벻ʿ侹Ҳ˵ļ֮ͽɱԽ֮¡Щ飬ܼȡ
ת۱ΧĿ֮ʱͻȻȼһŻ

ԷˣĵĿ־壬ʹҪſھ֮ʱȴ־㵵صɴ۾
ǻǴǸͷɢȼֻ˲䣬˱㻯һѵĻҽƽ˼״ҲȻһʱ˲ȥԸôˣ
һŻһŵһյ˵Լ
͵Ϯ
ͬĺ󣬸ƽһ飬֮ʱһҺŵεѣæԶȥɽδأֻǰһһӰǰ档
ʹĿɿڴɼǸͻȻֵӰʱϲĪغֵѣ
һ˹ǿʿʶʩչ˸δвû˳׽͵Ϯ˺ܵĸƽ
һͷкĿתǰĸƽζһеĳ׽Ц߰㼸仰Ҳ١а䲻ʵݹ飡
ƽתӣŻмߵʤ㣬ԼͬҲ˻ҽ˲£æ¶ͷϵ亹Ц˵֪Ҫʲô֪޲ԣ
䲻֪һΪλڴ˴ԼǷ߹վһԡƽ䣬ȴֲ֪һк⣬ֻܺ޺޵һڣʾ޺֮⣡
ɢޣڹлж٣˵ɷںδһͣøƽ˼ֽңæɢޣжˣһ˵ɷ˰һ򡣡
һ̲סһ
һüͷһ壬ʵɱ˽ٲƵɢж٣У˵ɷΪβ֪أ
ƽСĵĿŶԷɫ˵ɱ˽ٲơʿ䡭һֱ𣿡һɫæԼһƣͷ˵ޣ˵ˡСɷУɢ޵ֵ֮Ͷž۵һӪģǲɣЩǼù飬û㣬㲻֪ˡ
˿ĭƽ˵νɷʵҲǼԼŸڼаˣרʿ֮֮ΪɷЩǴ֪ģɻһЩΪ֪ĵطΪĶ;Ʃ磬ֵҪʲôǳ鷳ֻȥĵط
ЩɷıһЩʲôˣһʵ
ƽתӣһæ˵ɷǺ
һƲƲ죬ĬؿŶԷ
ƽǿЦһ˵֣ⲻ»𣡾˵ɷıмˣҲŵˣһЩɢޡаڲϵĶҪԻɷĴڣ˴򵽱ûеĺö
βѰЩɷأһʵ
ƽóһöһƣֺõ˵ĻɷҵҲġбǹмɷڵءǽɷƾ֤
һֽץЩʵݱأ
ƽڰ˵⵹ûУɷֻƲ˵ġ
һͷʶУȻһͼϱע˼طӦɷڡ
ƽ͵͵´ţһ˼ϣ۽ǳ鴤£תܣеԷδ׷ͷһϲ˭һĽӭѸ仯һŻ档
һе𣬿ŸƽΪҽָһУǵ׽ΪһֲӰ
ͷԷܣһ粼µ콣һӰεķɽʼڸƽֻδǡ
лֵѾ֮
һɵɱĸʿͶأһ֣ذл
һƫЦǺǣҲʶһҲӦ顣Ѳض񣡡
һ֮⣬ҲæеĶȥ
Ǽ֮У£
ݹǸƽǬͷɽһӹ鿴һ£沢ʲôϡ֮룬Ǭͷɽ׻˻ȥ
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һЦЦ˵ЩãܻʯҲҲһ𣿡
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ԸԳļԪڣΪһŵӡֻҪΪܴﵽ㣬ɽ
ԪλʦǽڵΪ⣬н𵤳ڵʦһˣڵʿһʮˣһٸڵʿ
ԪںһֱҲʶ˼ʦֵܣƽ֮һͲסԷĹƻ󣬱ɷ˭֪Էһѡһֻѱһgˡ
֮вȣ䰵صգ𽭺Ϊһᡣ
һĽΪŵĵӣʿɱһ£ҲֻǶţ֪飬Ҳδһǣһ𡣺Ȼ飬Ҳ˵ȥԪڵģ˵˾ټҪȥ
ΪľҵԵʣΪһҡ
һʱ֪ԷҪ·֪ɫͻȻһͷԣ֪Ҫʲô


327 ߲
ͬǷ˺ôľö⡣һƬһȱƬ֣ص˵ֵѶдΪФóľ֮µ󷨼ҪõѷۡƬҲǼģȴܿеҵУһʯûʲôͬҲûʲôö㽫һͣԱлˣ
һæƴǲҪ࣬˵ĪƲĳ
ҲԼʶĵһѰɣŶԷִ֣һĿǸƬϣеЩ죬һ˿棬ʵƬȻФŴ֪
æһУЦ˵ݴãѿ便Ǵഫ
Ƭһ£һ˵ѵһˡƬȻã¡崫Уʵڲա
ֵѣֵܣ´ȻİһԽǫãԽ϶ԷǸֵýύĺˡ
һ룬˵ֵܱǣܸ¼һʢˣ
۾һǺЦ⵹Ǹȫ֮ߣôˡóһöհ׵򣬽󷨼Ҫ¼󽻸һ
֣Ժֵܰ˵
һЦŵͷǰµǬ˦˶Էű˴˸
õһ֮ƣ˳طţһȴȤĿе
Фû䣬µġ󷨼ҪȻΪ֮˵Ǿ˶ԷֽɱԼõģȴӵĹء󷨵һиܣĴУʲô˶ɻõأ
һһǲȱƬһͬһƬСƬƴյһһıԵ˿ϷǺϵһʹ档
óƬʱһе죬ɵ뵽ͷһƵƬһƬԶ孵ϣ벻Ƭ˵ϵһ𡣻˵Ƭһģǧꡢ꣬ƬΪһ䵽С
ԣƬµһȱڣһ⣬ⱾӦһƬӦΪ飬һ䵽ʲôطʶУһƬɿƬƴһգܽ⿪֮ˣ
һϵĶͻȻ뵽ԶǸɷԼǼ·ȥǸɷأ
һһǰ಻סеĺ棬Ÿƽ˵λãѰ˹ȥ

Уһ۵ɽ֮ǰһµʿפ
ĲΪʮģԵЩݣƵ£żϡĺ롣Դԭת˼ȦֹţѽͼעľﰡΪʲôûأ
ʿǸòһͼʾѰǰʲôɷ
ĪǸƽʿƭԼ
һСĵɢʶĲ鿴ɽܡԼֻĲΪΪӦΪġһСı¶
ʶɨɽĽڣһͷһҿ˿̧ɽȥ
ɽУ᾵ɽʯ۴״һոڣǰһ䣬ʱסǰȥ·
а֮£һͣ½Ųֻһ𣺡ʾƣ
һ˿ɫóһơһʶɨӺϲ鿴һ£ߵһڣһ
Ǹһ𣺡ɣ
һͷѭǰȥ߾˱仯ȥԳʿΪޱ飬Է֣ȴõһмߡ
һΪȻЦЦǰȥʮɳ֮һɽƵСɽȳǰɽеһɽ֮ϣһʮ䷿ݵҲ£Ӱû
ûģһ´š⣬ɷЩɣȴǲ˹ȥ
ɽϵ·ߣԺһµĴһЩ̣ȥ˴ʿʮˡڱﻹûʿڣһҲӲ²⡣еɷһСĴ䡣
ֻССĴУۼ˶ʿóμʶɷһզ಻ѡ
һյһǰǸҩӡƹҲǸʿʮӣΪ˸һλʿţЦкλҪ򣬻Ҫ
ǼһЩľګƹЦ˵ѿӦǵһɣС겻۵ҩҲչҩ
ԭˣǸƽԲ飬˴һߵĺõط£һСµģСʵƹģо𣿡
ǺǣµĵҩС궼СƹĴһóһƿ˵һƿʮʯһƿۡ
һɴ۾ô󣡡
ƹļ״ЦûˣСƿƤһЩ˵˵ˣҪ𣿡
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ɽϹһȦӣ伮ӣǮûסóϲõķʯŲƲ¶뷨һǴͷЩйʿһ۾ҳδضˣСΪá
һֽĵǰ治з֮СӣڷһЩƺõķֽһź棬˽ȥ
ƹǸߣ˽ţڵкʽԵʣ¼֮СֻһʯЩͽ׵ķֽҲŲܰһˣһСӺͼŷ˳һ֧ʺһհ׵ķֽʮʯ
ɷĴζһ˴дʿ۵Ķ޳֮˼ԼէŽСĵͷ˶ȥ
ת۱Ҫ£һҪԽһԺǰʱ߳һһ٣һòŮӣ˵Цߵǰ
һһ㲻ɫһó
ĿɨһԷηηβģδϡǸòŮӿһΪµʿ˵¶顣һǸʿƲԹɫǰһָһԶһЩһӵһֺõسŮЦ籹ǰ룡
ǸҲЦ˵籹ʦǰԼ䣡ºл
ŮҲͶʮͷͣɫȹҷأһ͸˵ģת֮䣬㽫ǸɢԺ¶绨Ц̣˵ϲؿһὫҵתʦ
ŮЦӯӯؿ˵ƽʦܣʹˣʦҲмӣ
һϲԽ֮£æ򶨵رȭ˵°ݼʦ㣡
ŮһЦ龡ԣ˵ʦܿһɽŰɣ˵ţŤ֫һ硣һһСһҲæȥ
֮һͷһǸԺ䣬ɽ¡ֻǣԭȱ΢ųɫѱ


328 в
ߺӣһ˵İһҵĳϣϼǸ·С꣬ΧҶУдˡӦĶӣƽ˲Ϊ
ǸĵŮǺˣ˶Ҫȥη㲻֪ˡ
һȴ֪ǷűԷϳǸҵĳ϶ȻŹԼ֮䣬һĪĳԹҶԼˣʹⳡԹѱòշɣҶǰҲģһգһʳ
һҶĽʶżȻһᴩԷİǣһҶ뷿ɶأΪҶרִ򶯡ԷԼ֮С
˾ٵԵɣǱ˴ͶԵǶԷǰΣھΣһԸ롣ֻǼ˶̶̵ļѣУ⻹
뿪Ǹصɷȷܲ˶ңһʩչǰ·
ºһǰһĵ
ڵĽֵϣĵֵ̣ľ¥ͲУһңԶ̫ƽ
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ʿҲгɼߣŮδضʿϵرˣЩʿ뷲ˣ˴ల£ֳһƬ󣬻ġһУνķ˲֮⡣
ڽϹһ̧ͷǰһҰ̣һŲ˽ȥӺСֻŰӣһϷǰ̨ߡ򿪵һðż·˶ǮϷ򸾶˱Цڵطϸճİӡǰӱһ̵ִҶţԵˡ
ֻһλʳͣǸѰߡһԵİߣ۽Ҳ̧أԳеİӡ
һһߣδϣҪһƷҲʲôڡԵζ
Ϸ˿ޣãһСԵ֮ʱһľƺ«һڡ
СӣϽ«ѽһԵߣûͷûԵðһ䡣
δ˵⣬һҪƷƹ͵Сʱôһ仰ͷһĿǸòߡ
Ͻ«ϳҲûʲôɴʱһò˵ģСӵĳƺȻǳʶƻ
һɵ÷磬´Է
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λ͹ǺüʶɽϬ⻹ҼСģѰֻ֪Ӻóԣȴ²ʲôƹûһ䣬ϺȲⲻҪڿǰҫһɽϬ
ƹҲڵʿֵһΪֻˣû뵽ԼıֳΪһʿʱЩϡеɽϷһӵỊ̇ӹȴǲв㽫ɽϬһϡ˰ڡζڸЩżҲʿǰ
ʱһǰİѸоȻζ߻ȻδԼгţȥ
Ͻ«δƣװ˶پưǸǳԱˣƹ˻ҳתɫ͵ؿһ
Ͻ«Ҳƣ֮һ˼תһ£ߺЦͷ
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þƣϧ̫ˣδҡ¾ƺ«ϰһᣬŽ䶪ԷϴζЦ⣬˵ʯݾƣǺǣó𣿡
һĬĬ˵ͷóһʮľ̳ӵ˹ȥ
ߺǺһ֣һСʯӸƹģӹ̳ЦСʶȤϷϲǺǣ׺ľơ˵ţž̳ﳤȥһڰԣԳ
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˸ýʿʯװɣһóһʯݸƹģصʱǸ԰ӵӰ
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ˣ벻Ǹòߣһ뷲ߣһ
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Ȼ߲޶⣬һĪļ£ҲǰĽ־£ҴȥԼҪȥ


329 
ԶһɽΪɽ˴ڵɽڡ
һɽʱѻָԭòΪΪῴΡĸɽɵɽţ۴ããУ粻һ㡣óȻǰУ֮£ó˴ˮ̵ķӣ˵˼仰˸־һףâһвӰ
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ˣһ뵽ϳ뼾òмƣ˲ɵøСҵæǰݵǰǰһ
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֪Էߣһֽ̼䣬ȴԷɣͷһʶȤĲٶԡ
ߴһߣһĹ򣬱ԾмǧɡڣвһԷóһһף̼䣬ǰֳһڵ
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벻˴˵棬һס档ȻǴŵڣ˼ɾĪ˰ɣĺõط
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뷢УȻشȵɽδؾƾ٣Ҿţ֮ʣΨսһ;
ܵˣɫȻ˵¼󷨣󷨱֮ʣɱ֮ʱڴ˳Ϧ
ͷľȥӵܵ¶Ȼ飬һɱ׳ɱںˮ
ˮµɽ·ɽһ۰ŵ¡
ɫУ¶һŹỨСӯΪҪŮȥ
̾游֮뿪ˮ£ǰȥšԺû游ıӻһҪСġҽѣֻ뽫ʵżɣΪҳУмǣúûŲҪΪҪȥ游ˣԶȥɣֳĿһŮһҧתڿն
ӯѩǿֱźˮؿ˼ͷԶȥ

һº󣬱ɽĽ紦һή٣ȴĿŮӣǴӺˮӳӯ
ڸֺǻг󣬴δ粨뿲̶̵һ֮УӯĿѺʼʹ࣬ļѣҪȥִš
ǰӯ·ʿĿУ˺ˮ屻جʱܵ˴ʹҹƽһˮˡ
˲ˣ游Ҳûˣ۰Ҳû˶Լǻֻ֮ʣ¹һˡһ̣֮ӯŲ


334 ޶粨
ˮµһ֮սܲңܱ׳һıʲôأһټĴģҲѰˣûκһŵĹע
СæϢæŸԵڵʿŸ𵤵ڵʿ޳ԪӤĴԵԪӤڵʿĿ˺⣬ѰߵøԶ;
Զ֮⣬һƬĺΪ޶ÿĶʱкڷ糱γɺ˵ıϣ֮䣬ˡе飬һ̵ĿẮУΪһ֡ÿʣʱУ޶еĺڷ糱޴ڣ֮䣬֮ûеʿҲһͷԵˮ
޶֮
¸ոչȥ޶֮ɫĺȥڴԶĺϣڷ䳱ǵصķ籩ű裬˲Ϣ֮㽫涳ᣬһȥ̹ǵķ糱УطһëȻȴ
ʱãã޼ʵĺڷУͻȻһߵӰһۣ񳣬ƮƮնС
߱ŽеԪӤʿ֮һԪӡһԪӤʿֳӣǴɽߵĴڡҲ˵ԵʣΪȺ׵𡣶˵Ĵ죬ȴûԵһݣŵĽʿڵҲ޼
ԪԪӤڵΪ˰ꡣ
֮٣𣬹ʶԪӵҲһˡֻǣԪӤԪǧ꣬Ҳϲĺ֮꣬ΪͻƣչⲻٺľɵԼ֪Լ£еĽֻʦֳ֪Ҳ˳޶ϵһԵʡ
ʮˣԪӱ޶Ѳ߮ʮꡣһϱ֮һγԡ
ǰڵĺ棬ԪӲټ޶ᱻ⡣ϲиɻһб϶ɣֻҪѰһ˿ķ϶Ѱ˴Խ޶ͨܽ˵һУѰΪĻᣬлԪҩĿܡ
ԪնǰһһСǵĺӭϮȴԶܿˣļµĿẮʹ
ǰǧ֮Ԫһ٣Ŀȥֻʮ⣬һڵıϣ𣬺ǶأϽ񷣬بǧסȥ·
һԪӲҿһȥɳ֮ͻȻͣɽһı棬һʮɵķ϶
״ϲɶȥۿžҪǸ϶֮ǰֻҪת֮ɽȥ֮ʱһɺɫȻɣһڷХ֮󣬡𣬾Ԫɫһ䣬ҳɣ˶ȥֱʮ￪⣬ŻͣΣɫѿ
һ϶ʧӰ٣ɣϱʵǷ֮ͣҲϰ֪ǷżԳһЩ´ʱΪһˡ
ļ֮࣬Ԫӱʧس̾һǰȥֻгŶſѰ޶ͨڣֻٵˡµĶԪ˵Ҳ٣˵Ҳ࣬ٸһм꣬ʮꣿʮꣿ
޶ĶҲµĹ⾰ڣճ֮ʱԪһ޹
ƣɫԸ޶ȥԪεطȥûűϲʱðһԣ޶֪ж֮ңֻɲǧȥͬһ׹뺣Сµĵ伮Уֻŵ棬޶ıгһΡʴˣԽΨһ;һ;
պԪӷɳ޶ңŴĵķһƣԲɣ£Ŀ¶ɫ겻ɣԡ
޶֮⣬ǿĵĶСԪЪһĵط
ڿеԪӣĿһƳһСȥĵطҪࡣ˼ۺ⣬㽫˴ѡЪ֮ء
˵ΪУһλڵʿʮλڴֵءλʿͻȻԼĶǰһߣȻŭηʿ붨ڵɵ
ԪӱֱڵϿһȴʿĶѣֱѰǰԷɫһһ
һߣǸʿĶУһסļƽ֮ʱһϵӭշʮһѪͨڵϣ˹ȥ
µʿҲˣһڱǳѪײײӿ˸ԵɽشͻȻðߡ
κ̤˵벽Ȩʶôͬ
Ԫһˤ䣬߽˶ɤСϿջ졪

Ǹڵصʿδоѹһ仰ʱҲ˲࣬ǿмһѷɽббزȥ֪ǸҪɱԼֻһͷѡȨȣ䣡˶ҪԼҪ֮ʱ˲治֪ĵӺߣߣߣ
µӼʦųˣ˭Ҷһ¶ܲ˵źȥֻգ۵ĹС֮ϣԪ֮⣬ˡ
ڵĵ̣ôһ׮£Ȩȵʱŭǽ𵤺ڵΪڴҲպյĴе˸ڶڵĵҰʱҪȥѰԷ鷳
Ǹʿ䣬ĸ֮£ǲ㽫Ǹŵ˵ĺһ仰˵˳˭룬ոջŭ𲪷ȨȣǾ䡰ȨʶôͬĻ󣬲ûλʢ˺ðȻذڰ֣ý⴫Ȩ´δ
Ȩȵ˼û֪һ˲õĴ£תΡ
ĪǣɴСת֮䡣Եһʣűȥ񹭹ʸ˳Ⱦ⿪ޡΪܳ˲֮£̳˲̣֮£δزǱ֮ȻѰϵȥԪľ֮ʱҲ˵أȨȱһʶʱߣ
ȻΪһʿΪĸߵͣΪԵҪ°޼ɽǿΪΪѡЩһ˵̫ңԶֻڿ̤ʵͷĲ¡ɽһУʱ޹ء
ڵĶãɵɽڣһȻȾšڴ˴ֵ¡Ṇ̀ʯģ԰ĶȵĵطܾҲֻһŻ˺ӵɽ˾֮
ķ߲Ϊʵǰһ󲽣һ˳˲ͷܵ棬ҲҹתԵʣĻδйݽߣĵ΢΢
ΪķɡµĹһ㽫˵߲㡣ɼ뷱ѣɷףҲˡеʱɽķͻƵ˲㡣ֻǡķ޵ĹԼǳɽţй˼֮£ǱⱾĩΪã
ʴˣķ߲һͣķ
У˺ԵһδһζͷޡʱʯеһʶĶһС


335 
ʯУһʿżӣͷڶ취
Ǹʿһͷİ׷壬ĵλʿΪѡһʯмһˣŵˣÿָʱΪרעӦһΪʦ˾صǰ
ͷһ棬˫𣬼ʯͷģĶɵ˻Ϸһ־ĴʯͷѸΪһճĻ棬ӳڼԵӵϣдݣҲ˷ɫ
żѵ־仯Żȼţ罦ţһҫâˮϷĻУ֮ͣˮâȥˮһĶż־ĲٿأһСģ
߳һϺȣ־󷨣ǰֻһٿȻС
ѵĺ¶Цݣһͷ͹ʯ飬лʱϨЦһˣָһ㣬ɫСһʯӯķһȦصϡ
Ƿ̾ʹü¶ЦݡŸոƵķɽַЦʯļʶĲٿأ󷨵죬ʱĻȵȣѧʡʯǾһȥߴݼܳΪߣǾļӳ֣ʹ丳鶯֮֮ͨ÷
һϯõǡ
ˣѧãɣѧΪãϰһɣһӣֺǺǵؿŵæµ
һʮɽУһԴѵÿһ־ԼָʱҪ壬ҲΪ¶Цݡ
ʯÿһλʿʱһϸϸĦջûķ֣ԾԾˡʯʱɳ޸ֻ޸²ôףδƹδź
߳ɽڱߵʯԣͨʯȴ֪ȥδôֻȴδ˼ķҲ߲㣬ֵ֪Ρ뵽˴һΡɶнԱػǳ鷳
ѭʯ£һʮɣ˵ĸʹȴ壬ǹ̵ʯҲ޷š
صһһ岻Ĵڣõɽˡʯ·ȵУиŨڡ
Եʣй˼ɵһʶڶв̽̽ʯеֵصĽڣͬС˿ʲôΣδ
һȥУҲŨ߰ʮɣʯݵ˾ͷ۾ҲɴˣȵؿǰһС
ʯݵľͷͬյĸһ㣬һƬ
һɴСĵطһԴСĶڣ뵣ɢļµˡ
ôССĶڣһ뵽ʯеǸͷʱҪһ㡣
ʱһлҲܸܵȣǸڸзپһеܣ˵ӣŨССĶڣʲôڣ
ܻסӣһ߽ǸڣȥӶʱһƬĹâУ˫Ҳͬʱ¶ɫʡ
̧ͷһһΪ𺳣
ɽ£һΪĶѨѨҽڣ׹ƺˡŨԵĺС
ԭʯͷĵػڴ˴ȻͬСɣܽΪãǴŵֶΣʵ˴۽磡
ипһһŶڣ⣬խСĶʲôģ֮̽;ֻǿϧŨ񲻸ã
ҡҡͷЩε´һһЩĿǸڡͻȻ˼һɢʶȥⶴػֻǸССĶΧһߴĿ϶ʹǰһ
˼ת˼ԳƬ̣һüֳһʶصڵɽУ־ϻɫâһǸ̤ȥ漴Ӱʧڶڡ
һȥͬʱһҲᵽɤۡ˶֮ŷֻߴĶıڣΪܼ֮вᴥ󷨵ĺʲô֪ɼ㲻ƣǱĳ֪˴£ҲԼ
Щðʧˣһ񣬺ʤ𣬼¶ȥ
ͨʮ񣬲һһ㴩˶ڣδɿӱֱ׹ŵæɴסκ󣬲Űҵػȥ
һ޴ĶѨаѨ񷶥ǸڣȻһŵɽȡȵһĺأԴϢڲݣʱҽߣǵġꡱĶڣȼյ۽ٲȻһ޴¯


336 
Ѱһ΢ЩİߣһСĵ˱ɴϢ棬ϲ˴Ũʮɶֹڴ˴һձʮչ°빦ܱģ
ӵðһ֮󣬹ոûʯڣ֪ȥ˺δһĽ£ڴ˹䴦˴ʮɴСһతųұڣһǹӿϢݱҽΣա
˴𣿸޴ڵȣһһ˿棬£ɡ
תķСĵصϢŨҵĻ͸ڶֻɲǼ䣬һȣһеתŻ̵ˮɽϪУֱϪˮ˸е泩ľ硣
һչȥһڵӿЪϪˮ㼯ڳ谭ʱһš
ĿյһһͻȻ۾¶Ц⡣
ķ͡ķͻ߲㣬һ˲ʿ³һڳĬĬΪáҽѵͨȻŨأ˴ȻЧѣԼײѰѵ
˲ԺˮġԼʶҲ֮ˮǴߡеʯһԼʶɴʮѻꡢꡢɻҲС
йءˮἰ˷Ϊȴ֪ԼϲõĻ˵ķţⲻǱĩ˰ɣ
뵽˴һЦ¡һ㣬׽ˡһɳһϸСĻ־һţųһɱֻµʱʱ֣ԾԾɱޡ
һ˲ϢΪһ壬ķɽɵطɻصһСԼʩչ˲Ľʹ죡
ɽü£һֱһһ漴û۹֮Уצƣųĺȥ
һо˸һץǽһţҽȥ
ǺǣȻʹָ磬ֻ֡ǸľԶϣ֪أ
һԵ֮ʱɫͻȻһͣһӿĻȴ˳ԼֱӿڡôˣͻȻıʣʹľȴδ˶æң˼С
ǻûĽأڳĺзڣ
Ƭ֮һʲôĪݹУнֵ־ھȴδֵôľԶʩչʱȴǿöԷķöԷķҪסʿʶٿء˵շģͬڽֱ쳤ˣܼȡҽеҲ֡
ϾڵĹ֪֮٣ǿܸԼôһ˵ܲԲ˵ֺαعôأҪײҪʡԼˣ
һһӨ׵ĹâУһֻұǰ콩ֱһ㡣ģŨ̵ֹӿͬһӿڡ̶ۣȴԵĿ⣬ʹ˲԰Ρ˿̣һ㣬ụ̂ˮδɢȥ
һͨ죬ڵĴŴҽ·ĽȥһĽɫƬĻ档ʱĽȫһɫĻһ̥ǣͣ
յͣĿѲɣζʵһܣƶġ̡­еʶҲһĴۡ
ŶһһǿҵĲջؽ֡ɴʱĽԼĲٿأȻϷˣݣ
ʲôƨĽ֣ⲻҪҵ𣿡һһ˫ĿԲؽҧǲĽ󺰣һ
˵ĺţһǰڣȴ޿κΣ
̵Ļѭֱ۽ӿңʹһ಻ԡ뾡˰취Ҳ谭İͷеԼͷҪˣһ̣˶Ҫˣ
Ĺͷһҷʶջ
ֹȥ˰ʱһѵʱе֧ţ֮ʣͻȻɫһ䡣ʶеı仯ҪǷʲô
һʶе쳣ʱӯĻѰ˾̵йֱʶȥջ㼯֮һƬҫŵĽâ
ʶеΣһĪСĽѱãʱŻϢ֮䣬˲ܵ˸ɾ֮󣬽âһ˸Уʶδһ㣬ѰԴ

һСĽٿȻ󣬴üķɳת˲㻯ߴСءһһͷ˷ڵҽ֮С

ҽ˲䣬һֱԸѱɫ͵شкХѸһӰصһֱ֮ϡ
䣬һ¶ŵ顣һƣֱ֡ǰƵĳʱɳ޺޵˦һֱۣе޲ʣԷ
ǽ֣
һֱԼʶУЩǡôһֱδжı㱻ԼˡɽȴͻȻһ£ݾ԰Ρ
뵽ԼԽֵ״Ӳ²⣬ȴǽڱ󵷹һ޵ֱҧȴһ취ûСˣԽܲٿԼʶ⡣ͬʱΪ棬˷ڴ
ϧкΪãǱΪ
ʱĽҽУ̰Ż
ŵһڣһ۵ĲᡣһľȴδΪɻҪϢһָһٹʽ״ĿϢ
һ֮һΪԽһȹ
ʶУҽУֹյһĿɶ֮һתȥҲãҲգܷܲΪɣ֪ɶʱһΣò˻ˣѽԪʦֶܲ˰ɣ
гһʱȡһСĵĿҽʶ޶
ҽ÷ΪˮΪνȴأһͷԼ֮֮¯Ȼҽ֮еĳҸĪǽǵػɵģΪŵӣȴһϲͨβˣȥѰص伮úһ
ֵصɽδ쳣ȥҲôŽڴ˸ɺŰɣôܻǰ취뵽˴һһ΢Ĺâ˸ûܺЩظŶߵĲ֮ͬ
ףôˣʿĻɣʶγֻ֣࣬˴ȿ⡣ɴʱ޿֮УЧԵʣ
֮£һסˣҵѨУһͷȼ¯Ҳ˶١ܺͻ֮ɸвԤ֮еȡ
һü˼Ƭ̣һ䣬¶Ȼֱϵĳ͹Գһ㵭ĳâתȫʹů硣
ƻ˱£˵ԼԺٲµˣ
ûɣҲǽԵʣ߬ȭͷֱϵĳƣһ¶ŹֵЦݡ꣬Цޣ¶ɫ̧ͷ


337 
һڳƵУȴΪĹ޳ͷʱʶеʹ֮ʲ˿ĳɡѸ죬ȥΡ
ҵĵѨУֻгȵ۽ڷķĳӳѨĶҲʱҪۻɾһȥ֮ʱְʮɴ۽İߣͻȻһҫ۵Ĺǹȥ߳
һòӢˣü룬¯ĵѨΪϤڳȵҲ벻⡣󣬴תһԵ˵֣Դ˴ѨͨѨڣҲų֮зǸˣ˼ΡȻ㾹һͻڣɹ
Ŷʮģһ£ɫ𪣬üĿʡڵ½ʿ֣ԴɹǳСĶΪ겻ţзͷֻǣĸǰһǫѷæл˵񰮣֣Դڣ
ӵЦǺǣ֣оɣȻҪ̧㡣ӽǱ״ӡ
֣Դϲͨ򵹣ڳưݼʦ
֣ԴĴһ˦佫˵˱£Ժڴ˴ͻΪ֮£Ҫл
֣Դͷǡ
˵ҲΪʦһΣȻʦֵײ鷳ˣǸĹͱ㲻ݡոΪȣúڴհɣΪʦˣ˵תʱƬطӰʧ
ʦ֣ԴмӺǫ˳ЦҲʧˡ°ͣѲǰĵѨ¶һЦݡ
ʱеһո˿ȴּ֣ԴĿ򼺴ɵסСġ
֣ԴǸ˵ĶԻһ
ʿʦԱԳƣ˶ǽڵʦɡ²Էݺһܲ£ǹ˼Ŷе󷨺͵µңʩչȥˡ
ֻڲμʹһеҵǣ֣ԴʦδԶѨ⣬ĻɲΪܶʦʶˣͱ¨ӿɾʹˡ
һųһΪ֪ضѨȴܳһոŲõŵӣһǻҲ˵⣬˵һ̰ĽҽвԸء
֣ԴĿɨһͣ£˻ҽСһ״п࣬Թ˱ǸʦҪ鷳ҪҳʲôأɱڴʱĳȻҿĲҪˣ
һĵǲûԵɡ֣Դڴ˴ļΣԶѨһҪһϤĶ࣬еѨеЩңȴҲһʱ
ʦĽеʣ֣Դʵʵؾ
УһһĿࡣ֣ԴڣҲҶû˾޵˼ֻǲͣţǽڴ˵ʱԼӦأ
պһһٹȵȥҶֲԹؿԶ֣Դʼδ¶棬ʵֵҡɴһգԼ۰Ͱ͵ţҲҶʲô¶أ
֣ԴȻ֪һеơֻʱҲԾ
֣Դŷѽɫ۾ǺɵĿͶ˼档
ϼʱΪףɴ˴ȴǲ֪ͬ򣬵ѨڣȴΪҲε࣬Ǻ塣ҽŨҲϡ࣬⻹㣬ѨеҲڲŵӿȥΪΣ
еԼù֣ԴҲȥˡѨΣֻжʦˣ˶ԼͷϣɾԩˣΪ˻¹ϣڴ˲ԥһط־УһӵѨʧȥӰ
ˣһУĴǣǲҶֹһȷ϶Էȥ֮һ󣬼֣Դȥ֮ϸ
శ߼ɴĵϾһͼ΢΢͹ʯܣΧһߴСĵط͹ʯһһȴϾ˼תܵ˽ڵҽ
׵ҽУֹ
һüͷʶŲٿؽɺ޶ѷ쳣֣ԴͻȻȥа⣬ٶȥ֪ᷢʲôأ
㲻ߣߣ
εһҽкһɤӣɴϴȥһ㵽ʱǸڡвֺ޺޵ػͷ¿һۺһԾ漴ȥΣѭСɽȥ
һʮɺĶڣСܵ󷨣УҲֻһСĹڼԾʱһʶͻȻһâʹǡ


338 ִ
ˣǶʶУȻһĴС
Ľʱȴǽâҫ鶯ʮ㡣ͬҫһ㣬ʶзݡ
䲻ȴѾãǰŴһվ᲻öˣһ̵˻ȥ
ͬʱ֣ԴҲҵʦѨеʵ
Դ¸еεӣ뵽ԼѨʱδ̫⣬ЩǴµĵѨΩڵĽʦɳУ˭ȥ̽һ˵ĵѨأԼĵȥϾűΪܲôš¼벻Ȼʱȥ
Ȩ֪Ҳض𡣡
һ󣬲Ż֣ԴȥĴˡ
Ļ˵õĵӣڶ취ʱػʧʿѷ󣬽˸͡ʱ˿̣ڵĽʦ֪˴£ͬȥһ̽
Ӱ⣬֣ԴֻǵϢǵµأʦٰ֮ɣµ״أȻ룬һˡ
ǺӴ֣ԴʱʦҲˣվڶõĶǰŹһڴš
Զһӣһ㣬һžη飬Ҳҳһ¡ս壬һӿôλʦЩѵһǰڴˣȻǳʲôˡ
͵Ϊǽ𵤳ڣһͷΪ˺ȴǸƢʦֵܵ棬޹˼ɣ˵ڵһĸ󣬽Լĳֲ׵ǣΪҪռıأʦ֣Ҫָ
еʦָ֣Ԫӣһϵߣʱ벻֪ʲô
ʦҪŭҲҳԭίúԪʦҲٰ
˵һݵͷȨĸ̡ĶЩദĻ
λʦֵܣ
ɿնڶǰ˴кҲ׷亮ѡȴǺһ˵ʦҲˡѣٽµǰʵ˵һ飡
Ⱥļѣæ˹ʩ񣬿ڳưݼλʦʦ󣬲Žе״˵һ顣
ѽմŵӶ취Ϥĵػȴİ֪죬ϸһƣԭػϡٶңʹơ
˲ӣѱ㽫ϱһͻˣϵ󡣶ͨĵѨֻмʦɽ룬ʱ˽˵Ѩһ֮±㽫ͱ
λʦֵܶ˰ɣƲǵƾŵػɵģػеϢϢءȻɽĵѨҲҪ𣿡͵ɤŴ
һЩ𣺡ʦԣҵ١Դ֪ǴѨʱĳδȥ
˵һˣ˵һ󣬱㱳˫֣Ŀ˵ǰʯڡ
˵ɲδʹ˸е죬ҲƶԴϰΪǵ𣬽𵤺ڵΪҲ֣µʦֵܻû˲ġ𱬵Ĺͣ䷭۽ǳ鴤һ£ĿͶӣһʦֵΪȻȴǴѨɣ
诸ĸһߣҡͷԵ˵ĳʮδȥˡ
ĳδȥ̲˵
һ۳ĬӣԪüͷ
Թͱ˵Ŀ⣬뷢𡣼ǽ˵ѨܲȥɣӺôҲǽΪʦɲʲôСˣԼʦֵܵĿʱ֪з࣬ƤҲеЩ
վͲȥˣΪĸܲ۾˵Ϲɣ
¶죬һ˵ʦܣĳһ֮¡
ʦûѨȴǲĵ׷
ӵĿ˵ɨһӣȻ״˵ĳ
˭֪δ˵꣬ȴһ̯˫֣ʾȻϣתȥźԪһȭίĿ˵Ϊֹ
һ仰УƱǺ˷Ƶģӱϵ£һˤ䣬ŭȵ֣Դҹ

쳣˽Եʡȴû뵽͵䵽ʵ
ʦУԪޱ⣬뼧¶Ȼ顣˵ϣǲζЦݣӵͶһֻһ仰δ˵꣬˿ʵ֮ӣ֪Լ˵Ҳ޷ȥɴ໹֣Դʵܲܵϻٻ
֣Դб㷲ּʦѣںҲҿԩΨһ뷨ڵѨʵʵգɶҲûɰǳôĶأ
ͻȻʦĺ֣Դһ£֪⣬ǰӦڣӼΪ⣬ֹɵسżݵ֣Դݼݼλʦʦ壡
յĵӣʮʿλʦֵܶЯӳ˵
ʦĿͬʱ֣Դϡ
۹б΢΢ףˣȴ׳һѷɽ˵Ҳˣ֣ԴϲؽӹȴǼΪɵתõʦ׿Ϻл
뼧ӿЦҲóһ˼񡣹ȴδȴƳԼͽ
ںˣ
Ԫӿһóһ֣ԴĿؿ˵Ӹǲ
ʦ֣ĳΪڿν龫ǣһյиſ̵֮ձ֮ΪˣҸϧһУѨѳΪΪʿɼ򲻸ţ
޸пӣһתε˵ֻǣ֮࣬ΥŹơԸв֮£һνѨȹΪȴӣĳпѱ簡ֻ֣Դ˵Ѩеʵ飬Դʦ


339 龪
ⷬɷѿġΥڹ浱ȻԣΪڵĽЯСҲ֮飬޿ɺǡ쳣֣Ϊ֮һΪڣͲ˵Уȴŵġڹ
ӵⷬ˵ǣԪҲֱ߳𡣽ڵʿǳˣŵ֧˴˼滹ҪġϾҲǴôһǰ;ĵӣЩأܲ˶ġ¼˵뷨ҲˣΪų˭ҲΪ˼С˺
ɹͲô룬ӵĻʱŭˣɫغµð㣬ԼĵܵдڵıҪҪ̧ڵƣĹ
ݹ֪ڵĽʿУΩĴࡣһѼҡҡؼҵˣݲñռԼıˣӵľֹв
쳣󣬹ͱ㵽˵Ѩ̽飬Ȼ˽ĺۼ뵽ӡԷǴ˽˵Ѩ׳˹ûʵһ˵ǣ֮µĹŸһҲԸˡ
ͣ˵Ҫзִ磬Һʱ飿⡣
ôҲĸΪȹͻߣαԷǺףٺõҲôڡӻˣһ˫ĿƣֱӶԷ
ʿƿɷͬСɣľ޷ԶһЩСӣ򲻿ǿظ¶ֵɫ׷ȥɹȴ˿ӣӵ۵ؽеôΪЩǿ㲻ɣ
ˣɺͳ
Ԫ߳һȴ޹֮⡣͵ĶУȴͬȺƽȴ񣬳֮ʹöȻΡ
ʿҪǴˣɲǿô򵥣鷳ɴȥˡʱֹһԵĳ뼧Ҳ˿ֻǣһ˿βȥЦ⣬ǰŵһл벻⡣
ԪüͷһԲ֪֣Դ˵֣ԴڵѨʵ
ʦҪʦܣڼе֣Դĵ֮ʱһ飬Щ״εشǡ
֣Դһּǣ˼ת˼£漴ȥ̬㽫Ѩеһһʮ˵˳
֣Դò׽˵꣬ͱӣʵСûк𣿡
Ӳң֣Դŵòһ
㡭һָͣҪŭ
ˣִȥ濴ˣԪӻתȥ
˲Υ֣Ҳֻܲ²ޣ˶õĶڡ
ʦϼ֣Դһ˶ڣѭʯףһʯС
°һ̧ļѣȥ߶ػͷжʱܳ࣬Ļ潫ʮɵʯӳһƬͨ
ʦ壡ػе಻ңֻǱҪϡ࣡˶ãѵɫ࣬ɤҲ
˵ʵ飬˿ȴҲֻöĿͶԪӡ߲ÿɷ˵ȥ쳣
һڵɽǰһȾĻ۵ӣվһȺ֮͡
ǡԪӿŶеˣԲת
ǰʦ֣ǿ̵ĵӡ˵ţҲЩĿˣݼԼλʦ
ӰݼݼλǰԷȭֹȣԳʱæҡ
ԪĿɨԷƣʵһֵش˼䣬쳣
һɫ䣬ƽشڴ˴£δк쳣֮
Ԫһ
һ֣ȵˣȥɣ
һʩһͷҲ̧ȥ
һ̵ŵӣʵЩֻһȥ֮ʱ˵Ŀͣ䡣һľƺ«һ˹עƣһһԩ·խ
һĴݵ߳˶õɽǰΧһȦˣɫ䣬ֻ˵ԴֱԼɽȥؼǰкֻ¶ƣЦݣҪЪϢһ¡ͬܵصˣΪȻǶеζɲܣЪϢһҲӦ顣
صԼɽУַס˶ڣһһƨڵϣ¶˾δģ
ԵѨдҴ뿪ԽңΪ֪Լĵ֮СԺ󻹿ȥһ£ʹΪһǰϢһ󣬱쳣еòʵˣ߱ԭҪϡࡣʱ㵣ǽ̫ԵʣԼܷ쳣ĳ
ˣ뵽˴һزȻһ˿ϲҲûӰˡ
һæ鿴ֱϵĳƣʶƽ˼в˿æ壬벻˿Լϵ쳣ʶеĽûа취ֻˡԸ˶ԼȤ
֮ʱһʯеĶֱЩʦĵģֻʵʵǰ㡾ֵصģ
Щʦʶɨʱֱ˰ǹѵζ˾ֵսʵܣֻǿ򶨣֧š
벻ǳĻšǰ˹˻Ὣ뵽Լͷϣң
һڳһֽٺĿ⣡ֻǣֿ⽥Զȥʱ֮һƣ˫ֽӡϢ
쳣ⳡӣʦǳ֣˵ԲƽϢ
һĸȴ÷з˵ʲô֣ԴԾ󰵵ѹĲȵȣһǡ
ЩȻҲӵĶУҪɢߡɴŲδ˶ڰšڣҲֻܽҴɴ֪
ֻǣ¹ĵˮ˫ʱǺüĿǶڹ˵˴ܴ
һ뿪õʮպȶҲսָ
ǲʦǵķǿ£һδȥʲô˵˱áҲһ£µĳŵҪúõˡ


340 ֮
߳ԼġŻ㣬һ鲻
Դӣ£ʱӦʲô⾰ˣ
ȥʮһµĵɽӦĶĩЩǲˣɽ£̧ͷλεչ⣬һԳҡҡͷ
ʦܣЩδˣ
صһЦ˹ȥ
һҰУһʯϣĪϥ棬ݵϻһء
λʦ֣
Է֣һصߣȥϲ޾һɽԺеЩʱ⡣
ĪĿ͸ź棬ʵˡΪ֡׾ҼʦɫĪǡĪΪо
ɣʦܲ˼հֵ£δúõأ
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ĪΪߣ۹ȴֻǣڳɡ
΢㵣һЦſŶԷ亩ʵģ֮飬øСͷЦСһ㣬Īʦֵһ˫ۡ
ĪЩŤͷȥЦһ󣬲תͷЩΪ˵áʦܼЦˣΪǡʿ֮δ룬ɶһءǺǣ
ʦֿ˺׼ġʦܣ˲ΪԺôţزĪһ󣬽סּһԹ
ǺǣϹɵġĪʾһЩ
ôϹɵأѰʿΪĪʦֵġҼǵáػδ˵꣬㱻Īϵ㡭ҪηʿĻҡҽ㣿
ɣҪѧʲһֲһЦʦܰԺģΪǰ󣬿ɱ˹һΪְ
һĿ⺬ЦⶢĪ󣬶ԷҲͷ˵ǡǰǰ
أ˵ףһҡҡͷδԷĻ档ͷһתʵҵĲˣ֪ɷȥϰأλʦָ㣡ŵ˲º󣬿ȥؾһΡһֱ¡
Īر㽫ؾĹ˵һ£һл󣬱ǰɽȥ·ϣڰֹšʿܿʿΪ

һĸڵɽ֮䣬Զ˴ʮ
λڵɽ֮ɽУ֮ɽˮӳУһ˵ȴʵɽʤҲ˵ɽй־ͣ羰ˣɽСϣ滨ľ´䣬ĿϾӣģ࣬תƲڶ䣬ʹ
гϡ棬ҲСʱһһŨӳ¥֮ǰ
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³ɽŲãʦֶָ̣һȭ˵
ԭʦܣΪҽݣʦּɣǺǣԷƺ󣬹֣һ˿Цݡ
һŵӣͬΪֲҪҲաԼʦֵķϣݻŹؽ˼󣬴һ־
һеǰĸ¥һŤ󣬴Կݵлæ˽ȥ
ŵɲǣֻǰһǰããһƬŵһæҪ˻ȥŷĴѹرա
˶һؾǶ󷨣Լټˡ
Ŀȥֻؾвܣֻ봦һʮöصĹˣ⼸ö
һǰһһϸнƣֻܿ幦ƣȴѿȫòҺйⴥЩסһ뻳ͷѰԼҪĹ
ôöһһĿȻй࣬йһЩ伮һĿڡʯ¼͡ἭҪϡˡʯ¼½ʯȻأ˵ؽҪɡἭҪӦĹΪŵӣҲ֮ܶһ֪
һεҡҡͷµݣֻܴõһöץסˡἭҪ´һſȥһԿ
ʦôͳˣǺǣʲôöʱݣһ
һеЦһҲΪѵġ
˺֮УһܿõԷ¼ʵʦ֣ҼؾأΪμ¥֮أ
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°ϵ縶룬߹׽Ц˵Ϊ֪ʦܳէһ£֪Ȥ
һŶһػصϴ
Ƴһ۶Է˫֣˼˵֪ʦܿ˵ɾ


341 ֹ֪
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ɾʮ꿪һΣСŽɳǰȥʦ벻ȥ
һüͷݲΪЦЦ˵쾳ɴкô˵棬ΪΪ氡
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ʦֵĺ⣬ˣһ买֣ε죬¶εЦݡ
ǳһоġԼҲǰ˲ΪݻδشԼ
Ҳ֪ûһĻƤҲ̧һ£أԸľ̥һ㡣
һͻȻðɾǲģǲݵһ֮ǡ
ڴĵУһɾɾʲôӣҲûɾմߵĵطǶǸõط
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һһڡ˵ÿһνĻԵʱľʱжΣա
˵쾳ʱΪʱ磬ûŪ״ΪһŵŵӣһûҪӦʲô
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һԪʼ㲻η˵ǿƣԣ཭˵ĲĿδãһԪű꿤վ˽Ÿüɵ˵ڶ཭Ϊ֮Ȼ󣬸ִԷ
дԣһԪŵԪ࣬Ϊ˺ˬ壬һǷ켫书黯ˣһԪҪ壬ԸΪССɳ
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һԪŵϲ֮ա
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Сʦ壬ʦֶϲƸţ

£ĿϢеһͻȻеһ۾˺һŽҵ˼׿
£һҲа˸ˡһֱԼɽУ
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ʿΪĲͬڿɲͬ׳졢ء𡣡ķƣ߾ΪҲΪ߳ƾΪߣҲΪʿƵġ𡱡Ϊ¯ΣǣһʴˣΪصһֱڻȴҲֻԺ跨ˡ
Ҫڴˣ졢̡
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˵һԿž
ġ󷨼ҪУ󷨳Ҫ壬ͼԼķšͬʱһҲ֪󷨵ĸ֮ڵǸߣתۼ㽫Ͻ«ģΪһַˡ󷨼Ҫ֮󣬲Ρ
ǸֻϽ«вһ󷨣ССĺ«ڣǬ죬ʹ֮װ°ٽľơֻǣ󷨼Ҫصȴ޽󷨵ͼȻһһԣϽ«ĶӱٴһЩ
ҲַϽ«һôССĺ«ݡἭҪ˵ͬҪСǷڵػϣת۱㱻ճɷɻҡ
ĥĶˣһ֪Էʱжôĺķ󷨡ռĹˮġֻͬǽϸϸһδϰ
ϲȱҩԵʣһҲ»ķСΪ˲ԺЩӵĿޣ񿰿Ųż
ǵΪȣһѳһεͻơŲԺ󣬱ܳΪŵӣԴˣܲΪȻ
һ϶ൢ󹤷ңɼȶ
һϷ


342 ǲ
⴫һ
һͷƤһε߳ȥЦǰǶõִ¼ѣƽǿʯϡ˺ںϣͬһ⣬Ц⡣ֻĿߵ䡣
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һĴȣöʲôƵģһתЦ˵һŵӣڹҪĲ¡ϷϧŰҲ˰˲Ϊʵף֪벻ϷΪʦأ
һԵأסһڵĵӶ֪ΪʦȴͽȴΪһЩۺ졣Ǹķ룬ҲΪ۲ѡ
һȴзࡣһڵĸΪʦڶӵһԸҪôһ˵һ˵Ӧˡ𣡻ҪҵϽ«ʦ֮ͽܵСʦģһС«ˡ
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һɫ˵ҲǰΪʦһĸֻ֣ǣ±ǰţ»Ҫǰ֪źã˵ţϽ«У޸л˵ʦѼа˼ȻǽТǰкηأ
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ضһڴȻǵһҫһǿһŵִĸ˿пڵȻǲԶģܲһأ
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ιʦܡغһʦôˣ
ĺţһţȴΡǸִԣԼκεǣȴѵԵʣֽ̧˳߱˻ϤºֻԼŪɳ׾ʱı㲻һڵĳˣ
һܸܵѵŭ޴ѡ񡣼Ȼ֣ȻҪʧȥΪˣӦԼľڶԷɣδһò¡ҲһͼӰıˣ˳ȻɣֻǨŭԼҲֻรˡ
պһżѵķԸһڵɽȥ
εĲ¿ƺܼ򵥡öȥ濤éһˣƵķéң󽫶ԷĽʯرɡͽ׵ķװһǬУɷš
ѵⲻԶжԷΪһֻжѡ
ȴδִµĽϣǶɽСϣҲΪȣʶȤظһ
ʦ֣ҵȳɽֻɽһȥ𣿡һʵԼѵİŲ޲ȻܰһҲûʲôá
ݵķ룬һǫ͵ЦЦ˵ɽڣ뿪ڲֻһ·ߡɽԲǧǻɽɱֱ֮ﺣߵģֻЩȥƧаˣ
ƽʱ㲻ϲ˵żпʱҲЩСģиʧҪ鷳һǶΪȻ˼ֺ֡γأÿսսıΪһڵĵӣδزһ֮
һ·У˰ղŵɽǰ


343 ɽ
һŷڵɽžȻڸɽķ֮ϡ
ϴαߴʱЩԺڷֲ嶫˴һǧɵʱһΪڵɶ𺳣
ķ֮ϣһƬɵľ޴ɽƺɽƺɽ¥̨һ㣬ʧ׳ۡ¥֮ͱ֮ϣϼ֮䣬ڡԡÿһֶʮɴСɭϣ
һջؾȵĿ⣬ʯƺտˣɸߵʯƺϥλʿʾ£˱ʯȥ
ǵϴģָγȥأǷڲݵƺ棬ǧ£ҪֱȥɣһϹţŷһʯǰԼơ
ǰʩɵԭίֵɽŵʿڵǰһȻѣŵĶǸˣڹȻи֮̾ʱȴƺͻȻᷭӿֻһٿȻһµʿ
֣ʦܻˣʯеλʿһ
λʦ֣˳ʯ蹰֣ĿҪɽŵĵϡ
һǰݵǰ
£ĿȴǶһµʵҪȥʲôط
еԷʶ޼ɵɨһֻôװݼһĪĲȴڴʱȻڵѨУڶãˡ֣ԴΪǰʱΪζԼ˵Ĺע
һ㽫ųĲǲָһ顣Ҳǳʱ⣬һʰˡ
֣Դ׽Цݣһһתȥ
ɽѿȥʯеʿһϺȣƻص˶Уƺ֮ͻȻһɵ
һŷ˹ȥ̤֮ʣǰڣһ𣬻֮Уǰһ䣬Ȼһɽ֮ϡããһʯСԶȥ
ɽĵڵʿֻܲˣ֪һ״ɽѡ
䲻״μ˵󷨣һǴźʵָλɽأ
ʦܣұ߱˵ɣͷЦЦѭ׶¡
ʱѰ˴óͶ֮Уǰǰͨɻɽˣ
Ƣºͣһ֪޲ԡ
˵˵ЦЦɽȥɽ⾰ɽвͬȴҲκͣ
·ϣһɾһϴڲؾǰǸݵʿԺ󣬱һֱɽоޣδԴ˶˽⣬ʱͬУÿɽѯһ
Уɾӯĵرʤи亱ݹޣʿѵõʤʦĪǶԴ£
ɽͨ·ϡ٣˲У˵ĺʱһ󣬼һЦͷֽ˵ʦµΪǿѰȥɾ۽硣Īʦ˵Ҳͬնޱȣһøʬ޴³οŵĵӽӿУڶʿݬ룬ⲻƴɱȫߣ֮
ŶĪʦ쾳һʵ룬ҡͷЦĪʦҲΪʸ쾳أ
ĪʦֵǲŹǣһ˵Ϊͬصͷ˵ĪʦֵΪߣ֪ĶȴĲأ
һü΢ȴδٳ˼Բº󣬼Է˵
ʦܲΪưͬǫƢԣƽķ룬ʱĻҲ
õ⼸ŵӣͬĪһ𣬽ɼټŲĹ⾰һ֮ǰ롢ءĪ˲̫˴Թ˴һ𣬽˻ˡĪļʶͬһ㣬ﳣо֮Ϊ֮ס
йɾȻѰŵ֪ģΩĪ֪֮˵ЩҲȻĪġ
ѡεӽ쾳һ£оѭھŲϵʿԿɻ뾳ʸ񣬶µĵҪŵıԺʤͬСɴ˿ɼĪԲ飬ΪԱҲϾ̸ֺ쾳ʲôΪأ
һС壬ͬڶļһ㣬Щڴɽ֮еļǧ˿ƵĹϵ
岻ͬŵԶҲȻͬܽһŵӣڷҿȻǼ£ȴͬԼľԶƽ˱ڵݵλȥԶԸ˵е£һԸߵĹϸ𣬶˸пԣȴѰЩͷ˵Ϊ·;еǲ
ʱʱ֣˲δ飬ֶԺ󣬷óŷзһҲǵʱӦõһô
зһ˵δʹùһԡ
зϡУŵӲɵáЩзŵеϡЩ᲻ʹãȴһԸдʺ󽫷ֽһģϹâһμ̱ƮƮ
һѧཫֽϣһ㣬㻬ȥʮԶȥҲæָȥ󣬶һ·С
зҪһ룬ȷʵǸ·ĺöֻ;ͣЪȻֽѼ̡Ҳ˵зֻһαûˡ
˴з·δӹȿߣѰС·ֱĳ濤ȥҹʱ֣ŸһɽʯЪϢʮպ󣬱뿪˹ȡ
һ·ϣߵĽǻɽҰ룬ټֱ̡պ󣬼ɽ񣬲ŵ֪ѵ˳濤ľڡ
éںδҲ֪ͷȴмѸб˶˵ȥʴˣֻҪѭ˵ѰéҲֻʱ̵顣


344 é
һգϼȾ졣
ɽ֮䣬һɽ֮ϣŻ۵ˡһİСƣķ롣һɫݣü˫ĿԣȻһ
ʦܣżִµʾéӦǰԶ¶ϲɫָǰ˵ʮĳ;棬ĵĻϾΪޣһԵ硣
дУǲľʢʱڣɽ֮䣬̧ͷաȵ֪·éڻ治Ѱҡɫһ˵Ȼʣ·;ԶˣһѰéЪʦΪΣ
ǺǣʦԼǣͷǡ
ڵʿղԲûʲôЩҪ·ûʲôЩԲˡҲųɫʱϵéңҲЩ
ۿĺɫ֣ڷһȻüʶ£ʵʦ֣é˻жԶ
ͷҲص˵ǰɽ¾͸õˣ˲ʮɣ
ʦ˿϶һĽŲɫ˼
תԷüͷɵͣ½Ųóһö˵Ǽִ¸ʦܲ
벢δ˵Ȼʾéǰ治Զһ˹ȥһķ˵ֻǰ䣬ʦֻСģ˵ţһ̬ǰ档
£æ׷ȥʵʦܣ㷢ʲô
һɫ˵ֻһƬ棡ȥɣ
һǰһǰȥתɽ£ǰȻһɽȡʱɫѰȴɼǰĸ֮ϣһƬԫϱڡ
ζ£һĽűһʯéɼҲǿǰ龰̧ͷһʦܣأ
һüͷ˲ķ룬˸£ת˲Ծһδĸǽ֮ϡռؼСɽ֮ϣһƬǽ壬ԿһķݡʶɨȴδһӰʬҲûС
˭̵ֻɥ֮أɼéҵڡ
ɫҹӹɽڣԶҹɵЩԫϱдëȻ
һʶһɨƬߣֱʮ⣬ûзκεĶŵé룬ʲôѻ᲻Ԥȵ֪ЩԼһˣԴΪĳأᣬΪִҪʰԼףûҪһ١
Īǣé˴ѣˣ
뵽˴һĿȥȻ洦ɼ򶷵ĺۼǷݻʯĽĿȻǷɽ¡ķϣзڡ˴ӦһҵĴսʿս
ڷ䴩У֮һǰ͸Ų˵ʦܣĴ̽һһӰûֻһЩ򶷵ĺۼӦǰµġéѵ汻˲ɣ
һǽͷʯûʯǰһҷ֡ͨһ£ϡɼһé֡ߴʯԣһֻʯޱʯмһֻϳ˼أ֮СǲµİԴأŴ죬ѿмƣǴ֤Ŵ˵һС
ôһƬطҪס˰ôûˣéûʲôƬһеķ䡣
é뾿ʲôһʱҲԲʦ֣ڴ˴һջȥʵɣһε˵
Ҳֻˣ̾һ¿һۺ󣬽ס˲ӣԵøӰСˣҪҹɫĺڰСéҵûͬԼͬܡ
벢飬һѰһɾĵطЪϢɫ޹⣬½ʯϴɽȵҹϮǰһʹ˸еɭɲ˴֪˶ˣŰЪĺõط
һ룬˵ʦ֣뿪˵أƽϰɣ
ҹɫУĬĬصͷѭŲдĽֵȥ
ûһɫһ䣬ͻȻͺһ벻⣬Ҫѯ֮ʱȻЦ𡪡
Ȼ֮㣡
ѮµĹûа׷ѣ
Сӣվס

Ц顪Ǽ죬һƬ𣬴ӷȻܳӰ
ͻ䣬ŵõ˼һߡΧӰֵ˵ʦܡ
ҹɫסʿ˫ۣһȻǿˡͫ΢Է봫ûţһҵķԸ
Է˽һĺ£Ȼõ󷨶˷£Ҳһ˵̽顣
˵УŲΪһ˲Ϊ˲δһе֣򲻹ֻܲǸĬȻľǸڵʿͷ۵ˡ
ЩӦʹéѵԪף壬Ҫץ֮㡣Լ벻ײƾ޹˳֮ꡣЩ˾ԺηΪҪéң
Ҷڵӣ˹ɡ֪ߺˣΪҪѣһʵ
СôķϻȻڵӣ㲻ãǸڵʿ˵һǰסһ·
ȾΪУŶԷɱŵķ룬סֻһЦâҫҹգŶ˷
æҪɽУֻһ˵һֱֻץסı۰һɫĹâѸȫ漴һûС
䡢䡢䣡âݺݻڵϣʯĽ
̳δɢȥһ˾ȵغףСӻ
ߣ׷ǸڵʿЦһ󣬽̤缱Ӷȥʿ


345 
һʶͷɺʯɨʹһɰżƾԷôں׷ţӲοŷһͬУΪޣٱ࣬ȫû˵ҶʱѸ
ǻعδĸ֮֡޵ʦֶܻΣ
ʦ֣ʱ˵ʱ򣡺׷˹ƱҪɱҶΪ죡һ˼תóһŷֽŵУ˵ԷڵĸˣһӲġ֮ʣʮݷǰУڷδ֮ʱǧҪͣһںŻ
һ˿ֻСڵĿʶҲܼԶֻһС
ڵǰʮﴦһѸеǸڵʿͷҳɣŷȵݷߣߴĿиеΣ鼱æֽһģǰȥʦܶౣأ
һ˲࣬μԾСδתһâŷǸڵʿʮɣɽٿȻһɱ
ͷҲأһ׳һƬڵҹ£ȻһɫߣһͷӭϮķɽδ˿ͣ٣漴һƬƣַбɶȥ
ĺʿԼķɽ߲һʱѣǸڵʿзˣЦһԼķɽҲȥһ˵䣬ֱһ׷˹ȥ
ɴӵùɽ䣬ʿ׷ֱһҹҷһ磬һѷɽĶӵһȥ
еΣƽһٴ˦һƬҶķƵ߷Ըڵʿܺá
˼Էʼʩе̤Žһͷָһ㣬ɽɵıܹߵ裬
ɴĶҹеһʱͬһ׶˱ܣʹ̵ľͷͽ͡Էķɽ£һҧұϵĳһһһ۶סڱصõһ
ۿҪ֣Ȼе棬һɶ೤Ļס˷ɽúһʱȴҪɱĵ֣ȻѣʲôãǰƷɽڻԶڡ
СӣⷨԺδΪŭ֮£ɽֻգۼһǰͷ
ƴܵһҲΪֵԲ졣ڵĽֻ˵䣿Խ֮ʱԷֻתסԼɵð̾ʿǿ
ֹס˱ɴʶУ಻ӰһԷ
֣ǳ֣Ƿɽƣַɻصһֱϣ˳ơֻǣǷɽ߷ںƴԶʿ˹
㽫ɱҵԵ棬ұ˵ʩչķкηأһ˵
ߣһָɽҫ۵ĹâƱˣֱһȥ
ƿȻǰɽǷŵķɽɱȣһӦԳýȥο²һʿӲƴĺʱ
뵽˴͵ķɽһμ׹˳˱ɴһͷ˵档ͬʱӿһɫĹâؼԷķɽ˵档
ʿ¶Ц⣬ΪԼϵȻԵá
Ȼ֪ڵСɲԤȷŶԷʼʩأ£㵱û취𣿿ɷɽ֮󣬲ڵ´ʮԶͣŵؽʶɢﻹǸСӵμڡ
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ãֻһӣݵ΢ֲ֪ԼŴް
ûסһֻǶԷ˵ο
һεԶݣî˵δʩչ˼£ȴҲ߰˳ɵܡûзĺ֮ǣ˵ۣɹ˼ʿǿ󣬼֮µʿѽٲӣĳɵӣ
һͷµһתϢĹڵ´ʮԶǶԷķɽ׷ϵġ
ںڵҹɫ£һܳ˵󣬲鿴ܵΣ׼ڴµķһһͷȥӶݡ
˽ʩչȥһٶһð˵ʱһ۵̫أҪ۵ſڵˡ
һһô£漴ȥֽʶɢȷ׷ʱż죬ó˿ʯУϥ
һƳʱϢһҹһʱ۾
еʯѱģ˴롣һʯ죬ΪˣҲΪѸˣϵʯΪࡣųʶɽУ˳µ⣬ӰʮһСɽУе𡭡


346 
һΪƫƧɽȡ
ббʮӡһЩ̻¶ĺð緹Χæµšϼꤣһĺҡһ֨ŤŤ춯֮Ǽߺ𣬾±קһ̧澹װӨ
̧ȡµӺ̧ԶĲ¡
װķ㣬û͵Ǻǣ˵һ곤ߣϱ˶˼Ǹµġ
ӻⲮϲԣһʮĽ׳һԴȤЦЦһʯͷ£º͵˵ǻʡһûضãĻһƬЦ
˲ãƳĺ𡪡
ߺӽʵһӷеˮ룬ϵĺˮǰץꤵҡҡ
֨ŤŤУѲꤡ̧֪װ̫Եʣ⺺Ӳֱðϱóæͬ󺰵ţ֣
һԵӲҵ󲽴˹δꤵҡֻۣáԡһ죬Ǹҡꤵĺʧһ򣬡ͨ˵ϡǱֱľʱ
ãӾһ˵ԶⲮɫ䡣ָžڣǶţ֪Ǻã
мӲ߶æ˹˴󺰣ˣ滹ţ
ֻǴϢĹ򣬾ߵ˶һӵ´п޺ⲮֻȽŷĵˣװ̧²жٽأˣл˽Լɵǿ򶨣죡ʲôѰȥ
ЩĺӦһܿˡǸڵصĺͱĳ˸ӣ˲ѪһڣЩʧµˣˣһ϶
յģͲ˵ЩģⲮּŽŵһ䡣
ֻˣްһİͻȻⲮŤͷȥһ˹»žƺ«һơ
λС֪ΣĪǡⲮҲʶ㣬һۿߵĲ֮
λ󲮲µĲֻ;˴ʿ֪ڴЩʵ
Ժ˶ݡⲮæǰ˵ԭɳݵ⣬ţеĹ¡ξΪУ˭Ϸžˣ˵֮˵ž
˴ƧһЩ಻̫ԶʿûĵطɽСеİնЩص˲İһͻȻɽУһۿⲻʲôأ
Ǻǣ֣ʲôɳλؾ񣡡һĺ˲ԸŹԼҲҼɴ˴д𣬱Ҳѯһʲôطֻû뵽˴ξڣһ˱̧ˡ
Ȼ֪˴ţϽڣеͼǿ˫·һҲ·Щæҵ˨ӣǸⲮ£ȴµԼԽǲ˵¼Ȼˣһ֮
ιһʮˣȥġڵ¾εģµʮ˽Χ˹һԸ¶ܵ顣
ɳʩккţ˷׷ó˾ڱߵĵط
˼乲ξ˴¶ʮɡ˲ȥʴ˾ֻһ˾ΡⲮһڣ˵ЩξΡ
һԣⲮͷʾԷضǡһ߶ľں̧ű˹ȥ䡣
Ⲯ˼ʿ˴ݲȣⲻһһδЩ˵ķϣѭžڣܿ㵽˾¡
ʮξһ˵׺Ŀһˤ̧ԣһ׳ʵĺᵹڵأס˰ӣšһʮɴĶѨӨһƬζϻһյ͵ơ
˭ҵģǸºŽӵĺӣʮͣһ⣬üۡһô֣ҪĽű̧ҵĲᣬ۵ֱ죬̲ס
һǰץסӵı۰ЦλҪֻ꣡˽Źǣ±õġȥɣ
ӺҶʱҪյԷһ㽫ζȥæشɤ޵ֵֶܺΣ
һЦЦץӵֱ˵磬ȥ˵ţԣקϴȥھСһȥɸߺ󣬵ץסͣ£ŵıɴ۾Լľȣȴҡ
˵Ǹĺӣһָצһץ뾮ڵʯУֱμԾʮɺ󣬱˾ڡֻɲǼ䣬ϵһУͷһ
ûеĻ˵ĶҲûСɽУʮʧһ㣬͸˵Ĺ졣Ϊ˾ǣжһλµˣһĶһ
Ӽ״ԣڣһַס˻˯ѨὫŵ˵ϡ
㵹ҲʶȤԷĿв޼ڽ֮⣡
һֱӣüͷⲮ˽Աס֮ǡǰ֮˾֣Դ֮˴²˵ļ򵥣
֣ǰˣΪЩ֮˰ɣһȲʩҲ˾⡣ȻԷΪ裬¶Цһ˵֣ĳȻΪһ
Ŷǰԩ޳в֪ǰкδͽ̣һüһԷʡ
֣Դ۾һɣǰһ˵ԩ޳Դ̣ȥ鵺ɱҶ֣ӵܣʸڷϣ
鵺һͫһ͸ǰԭˣʹ졢¡Ԫѵ鵺ǣ漴Ȼ֣ҵˣ
ߣһԺʿҴ鵺ɱ֣ӵܣڼҸ׷ɱȫӣҵҲǱӦˬ֪ǰкλ˵
֣Դ˵꣬ʤȯһ㣬ּһѷɽעһ


347 Ѱ
һͷ࣡û뵽ոնһʿ׷ɱôһҡɱô֣ӵܣȡˣҲ͵Ԫ˵ǵϴŽҹֻԼѺʬϡ鵺طһʹ
֣ԴӦ֣ӵɣרΪɱԼ
֣ңֻҪһ²ݣ
ɫòһ֣Դƿ죡õ鵺ļԺ󣬲δ·ϡһʿأѰǸһ£ҲֻԺˡǣָѰĳˣԵʻ֮£Ȼǰ
ڶµɽУһ֣ԴҡɴֻҲѰȥδ뵽ɽŴһżеѰĻˡ
ѰһӦ÷ɽˣ֣ԴһѭŶԷıؾ֮·غ˶գȴֻ˷롣ڵ֪é뱻ź²гˡ˭ѰƬɽУµСӣܵξȥˡ
֣ԴסЩˣҪʰСӣŶԷܷȥ
޻˵ˣģЦУ֣Դķɽâʢɱ
һһƲؿŶԷҡͷ˵ΪƾڵΪǿѹһͷұ㲻ɣ
֣ԴɫһͣȴԸкЦ˵Īǵɱ㣡
Ǻǣʱգҷһб£ʧ㣡һƵش˸ƶתξ
Сӣӣ
֣ԴΪһҪƴ˭ȴ˵ӱӡôһԾ𣬷ɽǰֱξȥ
һ֣Դξбתâһһͷ˵¡
֣Դ㵽˾ףһû²һ־һӿһɫâδ˿ͣ٣ֱӳ¡
һԶݣĶһ֣ԴҲɶԷڵµĽŲԱ׾ȻûԼ硣
룬һ¶ȥ
жݷԹ֮иֶݷڡ֣ԴʩչĶǽпɣȴһĶݷ׷ԶԷǱȥҧгݵҲż׷ȥ
ǰһ֪ǳֻܵԶãáһĹɣһᣬղס͵ǰܳȥ
ףʲôڣһס˽Ų󣬾ȵؿǰֵɽֻ񱳺ȴĵ±ж졣
ǰɽһ˶ߣ˶ǰ֪ȥɽûи䵶ĺۼӦȻɡƴӣҲôһͷײ˽
ʶڵ²ܼԶһСĵز鿴󣬲δ֣Դμܲô࣬ѭɽ˹ȥ
ҹ֮£ȥһԶ֮ɽ˾ͷһһͣ½Ųɢʶ֣ԴĶڵϣʶɴʮ̽Զв̫ѡ
һ۵һƨڵϡ֣Դû׷뵣ġĶˡȻԼδܵĵ
˶ԼİؼҲᣬҪԼԼһءһȻ֪˶Ǳ˶Ȼ֮ززˣ
Բض˵ܣĵԷȻҪɱԼ죬ȻҪ׷ᡣȴδ׷ӦǱԼ˦ˡһţҲ˿
ڵʿвԼΪԿġϴҵļ֤ͬĿԶأ˻Լ֣ԴҲʵɶԼΪ˵ǱԼ˾ŲΪܲһأ
һŵϢĹ죬Լ֮кֶԳ˼
ǸʿӦڵΪԼǶֻ֣Ҫÿ죬ҲȫˡµԼϴǰӦвͬΪһҲ˵ӦֶҲףԺ֣Դʱй˼֮¸δóʹã׷궤߷׽Ҳгʤ֮á
ԼӦֶβ٣ȴΪСĽˡԵС޴ֵʤ㣬ҲҪ֣Դƴһ¡ϧԼ٣һ
֣Դģ˵ڲԶԼ¶ͷأ͵Űɣ˴Ǹ޵ĺõطϼպٳɽţ֮׷ɱԼ֮ƣ԰꣡
ԼƽһһóǿһСʯУɵĵɽ
°գһֻܶԹʱӦǹȥһպѳʯмĩʯվɢʶ̽ȥȻû֣ԴĶ
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죬һѭʱ·ز鿴һǰܵĴæδɽʲôȥȻҪЩӣߡոƶŲɫһͣ
һ̯ƣһ˸ŹâƳǵõǸѰ䡱һֱѰƷߵǬСղջʱзЩó鿴
ԴӵõѰһδϡ뷨ʯһ𣬻ŨĵطйâѶԴ˼ֲ֡⼸ĵ£ϾҫЩĹâ
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348 
ˣ⡰Ѱ䡱Ҫ
תۼ䣬Ѱ䵽ɽʯǰֱûвˡһһæ߶ȥ
ѰҲóݷһ㣬ܼӲʯ谭ʯ֮󣬽âʢбб»ȥ
Ҫȥδһ棬עѰ䣬֮Ǳȥ
Ѱ׹֮죬ʮɡɡֱʱȥһ٣ֱǰС
ںһסһȻѰǰвʮԶֻǽĹâʢ֮ʱȻ˵һ޴ʯ֮ϣ棬ҲŲֺ
ʲôڣһ˲Ѱ䣬æɢʶȥһ˶ɽʯɢŨ
һžϲѭʯǰ̽ȥʱתһȦʱЦݡ
ȻһԵ½ǧôһʮﳤСС㹻һѰСϢˡֻ£ʱ˷ǱԼ
һü۴ЦǰѰС̾⻹Ǹö˵죬ǰĽˡ
֪ΪΣϵĽӣһǸֵӰ˼һ׿˳׽ڵ
ʱһΪԼŪ˸ɽޡԼյɽУԵõЦŨ㲻ɣҲӿ벻ԼҲܶһ
ɼǸõطСڶ࣬˴صСżȻʵ
ǰڷŵʮСȵʯһϴ΢ЦǾɽʱõʯʮﳤУʯֺֹǧ
콵ƣʱĸܡһжԼڽʯæչ鼺С
ʱ˵أĺûᣬɴ

һ¹ƾ֮㣬̷һͻŲΪδͣЪһȥ
ͷѴӶرڵʿѹ̧ͷʹʵһҲ֪ס
ķŲڵʿɳ֮Ϊˡνˡ޲ΣǣʳʣϢΣɺΪѡڵʿĳף̤ɵʼ
ʿУԳɹߣһһߵĸԶؾһءοʱ֮У˴ŨԼĶɱȣ˵ıҪһźá
һһٹȵ
ԼĪֹȥ£һľŲΪȹ̶šʱڣͶ޴ڵ˷ӿл㼯Ϊ˾ŲԺҲΪ޴
˲߲ݵɣӯĵڵΪԲ
ĿеһɫƽΪ޶ԡͼ̺ȫڣΪԼ
պǿ֫ٺ̶ֳиؾۼСһекзӿҲʹѸ͵ʱҪɿ˴־ƽ궯Ϣ̧óСƿһԪ
ŵҩڻѱջ㼯̶еһüͷһҧһСƿһ˿С
ҩ븹󣬷һŻ棬ҹĿҰСҫ۵ĹһɲȼǸոհȵѸԾһеس֮УƱҪǴĻɡ
Ƿһڣܵʹһطһһ˿Ĵ⣬ǿš
պҩЧ˼¡һ֮УȼյĻ滯ޣڵҲʱγһУڻתתᵽһ㡣
ǡƲʵƼ룬ͬѿǣľڴֻΪչ裬ֻΪӭֻΪֻΪϴ񣬶һ
һζСҺӯӯ糿¶һ㾧Өȴ̺Ų
ôСһҺԴ֮Դ֮
һǿĵļ¶еı仯ŨΪҺɵ֮ԼɹˣδϲһֱĿյͻȻ۾һ
ӯӯҺǻĳ¶㻬ˡһ죬һعޣΩ뵵أת
ͷʧ䣬һص̾˿ʧˣаɥȴδġӦ˵ס˴οɹֵң
һǰƿˮġԪ͡Ǽԣ´εһٳɹأ
ãһǽƿδɹɲһЩĸúһĴﵽľʱˮɱ㲻£
Լڴ˴˶ã»£ǰӣר񾿾Ǻι⾰ȴЩͿˡûɽſˡǸ֣ԴӦغôõģԼΪ֪ɷһأãҲһЩɣ
뵽˴һЦҡҡͷʰͷĶЩĿܡǧʯôڴ˴ˣˣԼʱСЩش˴ԺҪʱȡǡ
ҿοţһ־ϴȥ

һڵǿݻһƬ֦Ҷïɽ֣ĿɪĶվ
ʱֵƻʱ֣ƬƧɽУͻȻֳһӰһȹŮӣֳһѷɽɫҵǰС
ŮӸոձһɽϣδһͷԽȻסȥ·
ӲҵģŵЦһֳΡ
Ů߷߽֮ʣŻĹˣ·ӡδ룬һӰͻȻܳ棬ڶ˵ĵ䡭


349 ն
һԵԾ֮ʱһ׷һŮӡرܣȴǺ˳ֵЩΣͷһǴЩʣӵð˳
ͬڵΪ֪ϴǸ׷ɱߣǲһأ
ΪһĵҲ׳˲١ֻóȻ֣ʹŮ˽һŮӵɫ£¶һ־顣ǸȴǴżСģֻǼ߲Ǹڵʿɫʱ
СӣҪҲʹ죡Ǹ˵ģӷɽΪš
ŮǴһİᣬĴҵؿ˵λʦ֣ǹŵĽݶ;ˣ
һĿɨˣݶɫда֮⣬ǸɱʢδὪݶǶǸ˹֣˵ȥֻǣв֪ǰմԺηܷ֪һ
ͷʶô؆ʲôѽôһظ֮أ̾һݶŷɽҲ΢΢ֻ½ղ⣬δϵ˴
ЦһµشһһڵʿǲҲԼǰϻɲǻòͷ
Сӣϸ˵ʵվű𶯣ҵķɽΡŵЦĿǣָһ㣬ɽҫŹâֱһȥ
˵ֱɱˡ˵ֶΣǰ׷ɱһޡéһüͷһ壬׳һƬ߷Ťͷ󺰵ߣ
ռΪԼ֣ݶϲ֮ʣмƽԷӦԼµʿڵʿֵñˣŪûҪԼĴ־Ļ󣬷Զ
סԷķɽһֱһӣ׽ҷһźϯȥ⣬ԼŲԲ·𡣴ʱԷ֣㲻УӦݡ
˼Լķɽ裬ɫԲ죬Էֲ֪Цһָһ㣬һѷɽһ
䡪һ֮У͵ؿײһ𡣳׽ˡһ˳ȥ˵ķɽҫųǵĺ⣬һȻ¡
ԲΪ·໹ǲСԼһܣһӶݵ˼ŮأԴŲߣ׳һƬ߷󺰵ʱߣʱ߻ûӭѵǰķɽ
ʦȣݶܶݶֳŷɽԾԾԣ͸žȻ
һп࣬ﻹǸֱŮӣôʿʮа˾ŶԲ֮Ҷǰ߿ɲС벻ڴ˴һλȴֵĲʱ
룬˵һѷɽߵĲת˲㵽Ƿɽ֮ͣɱ֮ѰɱȡһҪᡪһ죬ɽѴĺ󱳣ǡñס
һӿϮһæһԾȥֻеؿڷơܵĹâ΢΢£æϢ£ŷڲ޴󰭣ͷ󶨡
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ΪܵסʿһʹһϲѡԼǿѹһͷŭһͻȻŷֶޣߣɱңʲô
ͬʱۼ׶ܺһϮķɽܲˣ׳˺ˡ
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⣬ȫ߶άֻסɻȻܳһ޿ײһ㣬˺ҧȫܵкӦɻѲĥ
䡪һһеĳ׽䡪
˻ѣŵš˼跨ľ֮ʱֻһۣһڵ͸­롣
һҺ𣬺˶ʱɡķɽҲʧȥƣһ׹ڵء
ź˽˻ҽһأٻء׷궤ջس׽֣˳ֽǬɽչ鼺С˿ܸеؿڡ顱
ջؽֵ˲䣬һеʶеĽ£û˶룬ͷƽ
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֣ԴڵΪԹѽ£˴˵ƴɱƲ⡣ԼЩֶΣܲɱأ


350 ɽ
ݶλʦ֣
ɱһһֱӵˣһ¶˵ع뵽Ůδߣڴﲻؾ񣡷ʵң
ݶһǰĿмȭ˵в֪ʦմܷ棬ҲСģ
һĴ˶Էһֵۣ껪ϾˮòôһŮӣȴΪʵ򵥡ֻ޷ңϢȣȻǷŵһ¡
ҽһΪڴأһֻ
ԭڵ֣ݶߵ㷢ֱɫԳɣ˵СϢ֮ϸϸ˵ɺã
Ůӵǲ鿴Լµơһ룬ָŲԶ˵ΪЩԱ㣡˵ţ˹ȥѰһƽ̹Ĵʯ¡
ݶһһѰ˿طҲӣϢ
ǸСţԪڡԪ£ڹԼɽšݶڵĵӣļұţ
ϸĩŴݶĸȥˡڶӲТʵʿ֮ΡײɣӦգ׳ţֲԶѭ񣬸ϻȥɥ¡
ݶæɥº󣬱ҴҸϻɽš˭֪ո뿪ţԶǸˡ˼ݶòǶʲôаڳԣڵΪҪǿнߡ
֪ѵж֣ݶŭ֮£ֻĶӡԷҲϷʵ˼ظ˴˴
Ǹ˼ɽҰƫƧˣڻƻ֮ʱа嶯УЩȲǰͷס˽ݶȥ·ȴδϵ;ðһҲãǵùҲգջǽһڵ
»ˮڼžɽϡ
ָĽݶԼյ渵һԵʯͷϣȶһͷеһƣ˳˼С
Ǻвţ֪һƣ̧ͷʵ
ݶҡͷ˵֪˴ȲԶΪΪѡԣɼš˵˴ԸʧߵġޡһЩҵͶһƳ󣬼һδ⣬Ըпο
ţһĬһ䣬ʵνţ𣿡
֮⣬Ǻ˵ݶһ󣬾ؿһ
ӣΪ಻Ų㣬ܴ޵Ц⣬һ˫ü£͸׽͸ĵȻǰˣնڵĸ֣ΣͷԼ嵨֮ʿпɲãԼͬžͺˣ֪ΪΣݶ
ڵŮʿ֪һֻΪϴα׷ɱڻֱ˴˻۷Ϊþֶβɱ˶ʱ֪᲻ỹ֮
ݶô룬һȻ֪Ҳϲʲô֮ʿ½رģȥԼ°ˣ
ں˵һЩüĿȴ¡ڵһŵӣΪԼıֻ֡ǣĵɽȻǷƽ˾ӶֵĺˣԼéĽѣǲһѵĶ߳أ
ҡҡͷһеԼǶˡҲ뽪ݶԣ˵Ȼȥ±ãԵн¡룬ɽҲⲻһЩɣǱȫΪҪ
ݶɫһ˿ʧ䣬һ˵ԼǣСýǣ
ʲôˣһȻͷ
ٶʱڣ²Ѯա֪ʺ⣿ݶЩ棬ʿ˵ҲѰû˵˲֪תʱġ
ȥôˣһ֪ʮһµѮ룬ˣôڵ´ôáҪֵضõˣǻȥˣǸѼִ˵ΪԼЩϻȥΪá
ݶڹעԼһЦ˵ڱ𴦴붨ˣʱ֪ʱϻɽţ
ݶ̾˿չЦֵĴݶԵģԵն౨˴ڲԶСñиˣ˵ţһһ񣬲Էͣתһ㣬һٻӰʧɫС

һصڡ
һŵӵ٣δ̫˵Ĺע
ִ¼һֻ֮ǵĮصͷǶΪв죬ȴ׷ǷʦܰȻΪϲæ𵱳ֺΣֻԶԡĪҲ¶һЦݣȴо֮ɫĿһ
Īɫеһ˿쳣һƻ粻㣬λʦֺһ󣬱صԼɽС
δɽһɡһԼľУ˫ü
ΪԼ뿪֮ãҪѯľǼִ¶Լгɼéé޹ʱŵ֪º󣬺ôҪи˵ɣδ룬һھǲΪˣһʱ룬Է˵ѽʵȥ
Լôŵӣݽ棬ˣˣ˹ҲͰˡһڵļ尡ôʿ뷲ˣĪʧˣéҲΪһѷ棬ڵĳ޶ԣ
֪ΪΣһЩ䡣


351 
չһأµɽֵء߲֪ʱԵúȡ
ʱһһػصǸɽСֻǣҶʲô˼ǵ¶ѨȥˣʶеĽкǳʲô©ֻ²һôҡ
һлЩ棬ɱʱջؽֵɲǣԲʶеĶǸزĽԼĽǣһ㣬˷ԾԾļϴڵѨУѵҲǽֵԵʣ
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ڴ˴ֵصһû˿и콣ûŽƾʵĪַޱȵ콣ڵʿУѷ֡
һȴԴΪҪһεĳɹ
ɽʱδ֣Դɴ˶ȻŹԼδ֪ĳҴڡɽУ뽭Ҳûʲôͬ˵ĵطнж㲻ķɱʱΪ˻ȥֻɱˡɱߣ˺ɱ֮ѭĪǡԼͬҲҪбɱľ
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еĵ·ϣɼȴղܡ
һеԼһ벻ļļײͷѪΨһķӣƴǰΣʹ˻ˮǰڳͷǱɵ
ִŵɵ״һһֻ̿뾴η
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߳ʱһȥѹµԼǵ֮ꡣ
ʮˣʮˣӹڣδ׳ԻҲ
һԭת˸ȦԸھ⣬ֺ֮УֻĲ׳Щ죬̺̾󣬽ԭĳͷһ٣˳һ׷궤ȥ˷ʩʩȻԼڵɽȥ
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ִŵԼڡݶԵǣһ
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ĪҪȥֵģ˵ΪӣԣȴһǰȥĹ´ǼǣԱȥɾ۽硣
һЦЦͷĪǰɽȥ·ϣѯɾĴԷȴǣֻ˵ȥɾһʿ֮£ݴȵȡ
Īôˣǵ÷ԣ쾳֪֮డһ˼˳·ȥ˲ؾȡˡʯ¼Ҳȴһ׮¡֮󣬶˱㵽ִãȴδѰΡĵӴȥˣ⼸Ҳвס
һĪ󼲳һʱֻԶһ·ͻ𣬾ͦΡΡƷ֮ϣͱԣϼεɽţ֮䣬ɽԴ䣬ϮˡѭһɽʯȥһĹһ޴ʯбᣬɷ̨֡


352 ̨
˳ƹǿʯͷһƬƽ̹ʯ̨Ȼǰǵġ̨վˣΧ̨ȸԾѡ
Ǹ̨֪Ǻַ£߳࣬ʮɴСӦǱǫ̃ʿ׽ԽʱĶܾ
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ȻҲŵӵб֮ܰݸǰΪʦп
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ʦǣһŵĥ£߳һ䣬̧ͷ̨һᡣ
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֣Դڵĸ֣Χ۵ȺУһºۡľԶ뼸ԶԶվһԣȴǹע䲻޵ǰ
ʿĸйľԶ漴ƽҲһѭŶԷĿ⿴ȥɰ档


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һǱͯʢһʹ˰ƹ۵ľѧƵѨ֡˲ס˶ԷѨ
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ƽ˲һƽϣ޺һˤ䣬˹ȥ

ʦܣ˻治أ
˵ıӰԶȥ߹кһ
ҰĪʦˣһһ֣ĪǺһЦ̧ǰС
ĪµĶ룬һһЦһԹ˵ͷǰȥ
ƽƣһδϡڹԼǲ˽ƴ˴ڵɽ£ԷҲͼ֮졣ҵЩԼڵˡ
·ôһ飬˵ϲɫһвһЩĪҲǼʿĶԹԹԲ²ԡ˽û˵˼·ࡣ
صĺɽʱԻɽȴƬɽϡ
ʦֵǰݼִȻˡ
ҹ
ִ£ʦֵǰһһ
һֺ󱳣һ־ź磬ɫسˣ˵һǰһ
Īһۣ֮£ֻԱŲŲóһֻԽˣһιʩ񣺡ڣ
üͷһĲͷʶȤĵ˵ѭڹ棬ŲĵӿŽţ̨֮ϡ㻹ʶ쾳ʱɳΪŵˣΪ֮Ҫ˳ĺ
Ժһ£ԭز
һԵĪؼ״ԵͷֻǶɫ죬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ѻΪĵӣĺ¸ɵˡһŵӽΪŵӣԳмһⲻ˵ġֻ˰죬ȴĶ
ţѵЩҲסˣ
ʱһŹǣ
ѱŽѰЩ棬ҲǣΪһϽ«һҪãȥΪĲɶԷɫƽΪŵǼϡƽ飬ϲ֮飬Կ
ĵӣʹһǻаȴ޴йѡߣһ󣬷ȥ
ʦܰ㣡Ƽִɶˣֱؿڣ̾ҪϲʦѽΪŵӣұһԸţ
ǺǣǡǰһԵĪЦŸ͡
ߵûӰԳ˼еһüһĪʦ֣֪ڵʿֻҪΪŲ󣬱ɳΪŵӡִȴҪһ쾳Ϊأ
Īһ漴ͷЦǺǣǵ˼ҵȡԴġ
Īǣִ쾳г£ѿڶ
Ŷʦֻ֪Щʲôһʵ
֪Щʲô
ػδ˵꣬ĪЦ˵䣬ӹͷ˵ǺǣСд˵쾳Ī֮գÿνȥʿҪȥɡοǸ֮ʿ֮䣬Լ⡣ʦܡǣҲΪǡʦܡСЩΪã
ԺһŵҡҡͷĪʵ쾳Уʿɺ޹˼ɵƴɱŵĳĪʦҲȥ
ĪߵĶ룬£ֺЦ;˵ѣʦǰһҡʦܵΪȥʶأǺǣλʦܣؼ˵ţһͷɽȥ
ʵ˵ػ˵˭֪˼ԶĪһԴת˵Ρʦܣ㲻ҪҵŶݷ𣿡
¶ϲæӦһ˹ȥ
˵ıӰһʧǰɽǰɫһ˼


357 ƹ
ڴĵϽ˱ȿڣһ޷塣
绮
ɽվӡһλǸƤ׷ߣ𺣬ŭһλǸʮģˣƮɢǰòáֻǴһʹ˲ӡ
ƲɫϵĽ˿ҫ
һƬֹסȥơ
ﳤϣ˴Ǻƹ޷ඣЦʵ
ӦԲ޷ڴ˴
ߣ͵ţҲ֪ӭӡƹǲʶô˺һ
Ц˵ƹŮӣɣϷţ˵գɫһԾߴɽڹұƽɽڳϴã˻ӭͣ
ͬƽؾһף߻ӿƾˡ
ɽڹұƽɽڳϴá˻ӭ͡ŶԵɤϣɽֱ͸ɽȥ
Унʦеܣףʱ쳹޷¡
ƹڣڶʿʧ룬ļĵͽ׵ʿ겻֧׷ڵأϢ

޷ϣֱ֮ϵϼڡ
һӺݻŮӻȻüŭݣǳɽҺƹ𣿡
ǼλˣϾ״ǰ񣺡
ģŮӣȻǺƹĹˡһ𵤺ڵΪڴҲպա
ҽͬ㣬񣡡̧סŭ˵Һƹɽûн飬Է˲񣬶ⲻơˮ̡ˮ򿪷ɽˮ㡢ˮӢȥ˶ӭɽšȥ޷Դ

޷岻ԶһƬҩ԰УŽأҷ硣
һȵŮֱ˫üȻޣףѰŮӶ˷ӢߵҷŮ˵޷˺¡
ʦ㡭һĺ߳һŮӣҩݣųڣҲ
ɽʮ갲Ȼȴͻɱʦãһɽ԰գŮӽ̤磬ҷȥ

޷ķɽ󣬳ɽ֮СǺƹӣѱʮδ󷨣һֻƬ̹ŨصɱĪֳɽµ֮ϣѪɫӿ˼֮ļĪ
ߣҪɽ󣬹ұƽɫ
һԵĴȴǲΪȻϾ̧Ƥ漴˫Ŀ΢أ˵붯ݣ˼Ϊ֮ףӭ֮סƹƣǳ԰
ŶұƽԺӴźɵɫתһ£漴¶Ȼ״鶯ףȻĹˣ޸п˵ﳤԼǰ˱ϾǸŮӣŮҡҡͷ̾δַشЦ
֮£ǲм뵭ĮƤЦⲻЦĴɣ۽һɹԶ˵޷ɽĻ㰡
һ𵤺ڵʦһ𵤳ڵĺ󱲣оͶֺ֮⣬ʹ˲Ȼ
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ұƽڼзӣ䲻Ƥ࣬ЩзǵĹΪƢԣ
ԵҸ֪⡣һһСҲϬһͨɻųڣұƽ۾һ֮ȥ
ֻԶҡҷ˵ӰԾȻ֡
ףλòΣ껪ѽҼұƽ˲࣬ǽ̤ɽӭǰȥδ٬Ļͳ˿ڡĴƤһδ
˼ɽŸΪĪӣΪ֮ʱͻԷӭ
漴ֹסΣǷŭߺˣ޷·Ҳɫһ䣬͸ԷΪ֮ʣں࣬Էݡ
ֻŰ˺ƹĹϣұƽֱͦЦݿ䡣
ߣС֪𳤣ǰ񣡡ɲʧʱغһԳ֮ʣһףļ֮£ˤ·ɽ
ֵĿǸϣɫɷףæ׿ʦ㡣
Ҳһӳַ߳Ƚվ֮˪ǰ󣬹˵ļ񣡸Ϊߣֺαҽһʶ
СļȻ¯ࡣҲǣһ𵤺ڵʦ˾ĴڣСȻٴɫұƽϷ֮һ˫۾óŮӲš
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ұƽѽ֮ʣѵЦؾ˺ɽڹұƽλĹԵţ֮ò˰ĽԸҵ£
԰գұƽַףԵõ飬ȻһЦΪòãΪҲ֮ѡ֮ɽԺݣŮǲ֮֮ȥ
˭룬ԺǱѱ˪˫գȻһ˿ĳ졣ĵشͷȥδȻɵ°ͣѪɫŹұƽȻ˵λǰأ
ұƽڷɽת˸Ȧȵ˫һ̯в޹ƻ˵ףλﺦˣǺǣлŮ֮Ҳδ֮УҺɽ˫֮Ȥ˫ζԣ֮£ǴңԺУ°빦
ŭ֮£ĲӶԷݽۣĺסգȴηǰƣֻɪɪ
һԹұƽ˵ϰΪԴΪ֡ʿͬڷˣ׹棬س񣬼˫޵ҲżʡɺƹĵӾŮޣ񷨲棬ЩĻ
һԺõŮ˵ⲻ԰衣
ڷɽ֮ϵģȵ֮߷֮΢΢ֻǣѪ
˫üŭĻ̧ͷ޺עǰλ޵µǰָһ㣬һѷɽХͷŮӵɫȻ˵ΪǰǿһŮӣʿɱ衣Ϊ£ȴи֮ģ
ʦ㣡
״Ϊ֮еĺͺһ
ʦãٻɽĸǰӲѡ޷£Ҳӡƽ裬Լ֮йߣΨ
ʦԸһ˪ߵѪĿһ˫ˮ֮У˿̣ǲһ־Ůӡ
ԶĴɼ֮ɵòĿ΢㵣ҵŮӵټһڵŮޣڽʿǰֻѰ


358 ̨
ô˵һŮӣת۱ҪҪġұƽЦϣŵҡҡͷһ𰡣˰Ůӣһϲ
λαأٺú˼һؼһʱġ
ұƽƿȣֲϧĿǣٴμŭġһԶһУŵķɽһŭһ⣬ֱòȻǰȥ
ɶ˻ͶͱأԷɽϮұƽϾ̾һһĨϷʵЦݴſһ£һҫ۵Ĺ⻪Ȼɳ
һĵķɽһߣڰзұƽƲˣͻɷ⣬䲻ݻ֮ʣǰ
ʦ㡪Զĺ״󾪡˿·ǽʦɡһʿʦԵУʮ
ɽڼȥ֮ʣȴǹʦõİΣ˦һ䣬һܡ
ߣҹұƽҪûӳĵġ˶ңִݻֶҿɶǡ
ұƽδ䣬ѵĵĸǰһӣһС쳶һƬƣͷ¡
ܣȴһƬȳŵĺѹо֮£δ룬Ҫ߶֮ܣһѣϮǰѱޱ޼ʵĺҹ֣ããգ˻ȻҲ⣬˯ȥ
ֻʦ㱻һƬưת˲ԭʧȥӰͣˮӿͷɽ֮ʣ־ϲغʦ塭
޷ϣƼУٿȻɳ硣
󵨣޷ס֣һ߳ȣһɫ֮лȻԾֱ˹ұƽ
סģ˼ޣĵ֮ʣͻΣɫһҪӦԡһֱΪӶĴɣһȴ̧Ƥ
ߣө֮Ҳҫһ䣬Ʊ׳һ
һӭ㳤ӿ֮Уһɳĺûצŭӭɫ
ڰ˺ҧ
ǰɽţĪҺƹΪ𣡡һŮӵ߳𣬴޷гλ긾ֳΡ
ѹסһͷʤֻת֮䡣
ŮӸмƽϣϱץѸһźƣɻС
ǼԵŮӣѸϢƽԷǽ𵤺ڵĸ֣ȣֻн𵤳ڵΪٽȥΨܵ³ɽ񣬾óȻɽǰǿ°ƹӣ̫
ǰŮһУɫһ䣬һɫ˿зɻصС
µӷſȻҺƹ޷֮һŮӲηǿƣüĿ
ƹˮӢǰӭɽڸ˴ݣǰᣬ벻ҪΪӣ
һλŮӸǰɫƽͣ滺ȴǽŹұƽδûͷ
۽ɹͶ¡༸Զ֮Ĺұƽ죬üͷ壬¶㬵ɫǺһЦ
λ˵ĲЩᣬֵһᡣǺǣұƽЦ󣬻Ӷеĺ죬һӰй˳
ģǰֵǸŮӣ״æ׳ɫ˿УὫľߡ˹ڻʦ㲻ͣ
ʱ˫Ŀգɫ죬˯ѡüʼһƵ״졣
ˮʦǣˡйɷ졯ɷƹġ嵤ɽ֢ˮӢ˵
ǺǣλϺüʶҺɽڵġйɷ졯Ҳϵáұƽ˵һЩϧҡҡͷֵôûˣǰŲʲôƹأ
ºɽڹұƽЯҸ֮ǰݻˡұƽع֣ȫ˰ɽ
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ߣ룡ϷɣǰݻˣȻͷǰ·һֱżĴɣʱˣ硣

޷壬ۡ
˴ŨޣǺڣ
ұƽˮ㡢ˮӢλһ¥̨֮ϡԼɽǰķ벻⣬ºƵԸĺԺţ⡣
ŸһԲ
ˮ㳤ŭݣԳˮӢϰüȳ˵λԴҼҹ·裡
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λɽǰˣ硣в֪͵ţΪ
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λ£кλߵлһԡ
ұƽԴŸشŮ긾ģȴϲ
ͷһұƽü۴Ц⣬ԺǺЦšģ˵˹ȻŮнüȻˣұֱֱ˵ˡЯҸ֮ǰƹһ£֪Σ
ˮ㡢ˮӢλϣһ˶ü΢£¥̨֮˵ҺƹһŮޣרȲ쳾£ɽǷǷǡνһ£Ҳգ
ǺǣҪŻؾ󰡣ұƽǺһЦв޿֮⡣
ҺƹɽڲɣѰ಻סˮ㳤ϣļŭ
Ĵɣ⿪֮ʣһϵɢ¥̨֮ʱΪ֮һһɭɱڳ
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ǹұˣҲҶԱ˵ķǽղ˵ߣת䣬ָһԣ֮𣬸Ϊĺ˲¥̨֮ϡ
ǲһ˵˱߳⡮̨
佫˵꣬Ȼɫ䣬ֻǣϵɱϣֺѷ
ǿ£ұƽɫһϣ˼ǿվȵؿǰ̬Ƿĸˣͷס˼¡ֻҪʿлŮ˽𵤺ڵΪǲηĴڰ
ѣұƽǸеһ¶ƽ
һֱĴͷ΢㵣̧´ˣа⣬ŮӹȻ򵥣޵
Ǻǣ˵ΪɽϵһգޱظЦұƽߣ߽˸ֽ˵޷壬һӣ
󵨣

ˮ㡢ˮӢλ߳ȡɫ糣ֻͫһ¶һĨ˵Ц
ɲΪ׳һƬ˵뿴Ҽ֮ϲ٣
ͬһƬҶƵط˸ˡ߳£ֽӹ
δĸ¶㵵飬ʹλв⣬ôˣ
״ԶĹұƽͦţɲԼͬһ
֣òŻ£̬ѲŵĴݡ
ɽЪ¥̨֮ϼž쳣š
̾һЩ˵λ롭


359 ʵ֮
ڳ濤ԱɽеһɽϣʿɫҴҡ
һ֮ϣһλ곤Щʿ´һҡͷ̾һѰգӦƬɽɰݳģŶ룬һ˫۾ת͸ž
һʿģһЩ˳ǰһ£Ϊ϶˵ʦ֣ǸĵСϿδ㣬ڴ˴Ҳ˵
֮˼̸֮к޹˼ɣúԶ
ʦֵܶ˽ڵΪ˴֮󣬲ٵ飬ڿգֱǰԶһϿȶȥ

ȥãԭƾճһλߡһѰɫ£뷢Ұף񳣬޷ֺٲȻһеĳߡ
ʿеĶ֮˵һ·β˶ǲǱ˶ҲʣκμŹ
˼£߽һԭٿȻʧ

ϿĳһɽʿվŶڵıԵ㲻ǰ
ʿ˷ܵ˵ʦ֣˴ɭȻӦʿĶɰ
Ǻǣ򲻸˰ŵǸʿʦź󣬻ϵĹУ֮׷ɱ䲻ֵܵõϵıǸԵ񡭡ʦг־Ҫɽ֮ʱһ
ߣԴСĻٹδ䣬һϵƸŨҵɱ˲ʿ
ɫ䣬֮ʣæȥӰֻڶԷһ֮ľ£ǿ˲ҳɣɽĶӡ
߻ֳΣפڶǰСȥ⣬ʶУǶӳʮ֮ˡ

ֻǣ֪ǣһӳԶȥһڳ˴ӣǺһ֣ɫв޽Ե֮⡣

ʮɽʶһࡣеɡ̧ȥһӫɫ䣬һץһ춯ζڵ󷨴ֶơ
²ͣŲ߽ɽ
µļǳķ󷨣δ߷ڴǣ˴ǲǵ˵Ĳ֮
߲滺棬ȴ岽󣬱ɽ
һʮɴСԵÿյɽߵǰһ߼ʯ֮ϣӦʿ޴֮ͬǿһ
ҡҡͷʶڶд̽Ƭ֮ʯ֮ϣо˸Ѳ
ͻȻߵʶв񼽥֮ʣʯܵĵϻȻܳڵС졣
է䣬ɫ򶨡ֻһΣʯ֮ʧȥӰ
˭֪ڵС죬ٿȻƷӿ֮£ѽⲻɽ
顪
һںֳΡɫɻӶ˫֣һâ˶ĺŵ˳ȥ
ƾʯ֮ϣâͱˡַ룬Цһ˵˵͵ϮϷʵ⡣ɷĻͼıѾáɣϷ򿴿˭
ɽУƹ·ɲֹצڡ
ŭݣȴǳأΣҡ
һ߿̶ЦȻ𡪡

Цһ۵˳ں֮⡣üףϣ̬͸ſ
֮ɫ΢㵣һŵҡҡͷұɣȻ㣿
ԷԵõһЦ˵ֳӣǱڣ
ڣǺǣһ󱲣ҲϷǰ󡣲֪ѵʲôֳҡͷЦ֮ʣɫͻȻһ䣬ŵضŹұɣѿڶ㡭޳ԪӤ
ұɽס״ЦŶƶʱɽצ
ֳаݣǵĲһԪӤʿԷҲǸոսӤĳʿвԹвµɽһ塣ұҪʲôɽҪʲô
ֳӣ벻ҹұҲΪԪӤʿɣǲ룬ҽսڴ˴ΪұɵϹŵЦݡһ˾ѾõǰһڴĸˣȴԼ֮СΪգ־
֪мƵֳӣǰķŭų룬ƵЦЦбŶԷҡͷ˵ұɣһӤõĳʿΪϷĶĪҪˣУʦԪڡɽͼ죬Ĳһ
ŶԷУ٩٩̸ֺæң֮в֮⡣ұɵһ޵غһ˵ڽڴ˴ͼ̡
Цƾı£ĪΪסϷ򲻳ɣֳӳ
ߣ⡮ɷ˾Ĵɣÿһ˹ɷעɵĹڣ˵ܽɴסһԪӤʿ¡ұɵɤŴԪӤʿ͸תӳ߸˹ɷϡٿȻһȦīŨҶ˾ɱӿеֳӶٸܵΪ֮һϡ
űסȥ·ֳӴ㵲ѡɷѿĵư㣬ȻΪУԷı
ֳ˸ƵĹұɡˣʵϷ̺أ
ֳӵѹȻǸ˷緶۽طǳ˿ɱȡұͷһɣϵҲЦֳӱȭ˵˾ҲǵѰóȻڴ˴һᣬȻд̡
ֳУһֱһ鳤룬ˮһԲһɷԲڣͬǵӿĺأԷڲݣȴҲȽ÷ֺ
ұɴЦ󣬼ԷӦΪ裬пģ̾һ˵ԪӤʿڴĵɽУָǰΩֳӵԪӵѶɧ֮ңҲֹķ֮ϡأƶ֮䣬ȴȻ
˴ұɵӹĺƣͶ޴ɫʧɤҲͳ˵ԪӤʿٲǧ꣬գһⲻһ곾𣬵ɢԪӤڵﴫ˵еĻڣʵңɼʶ
ұһתо磬ɤָ߿ֳ˵ҹұֳӵֽһйɾ֪ɷһ
Ŷ㻹֪Щʲôֳ۾΢أɫ΢䡣
Ԥһ㣬ұҡҡͷ˵ҪΪأһѲס˵ġǧһֱѰʲôҹұһ
ֳӲÿɷغһ
У쾳ڡһֱԴ˹ڻΪޣֻ֮ܰصһСŵʦҲǧǰĪ䣬˵Ǵɽеһ׮ǧԽһֱѰҵģ˵Ŵ𣿡
ֳӵɫұɶԴδ˵Ĵ̽Ҵ֪ԭί˵ӦѰ˿ķţֻǱ׷ɱ˲䡣ǲȥѰһӻʦŴ档ֻǣ˺֪٣ʹŵĹҲ˲ȱȫһֱ׷ѰģǴ˵䡣
˴ֳɫࡣ
쾳ʮ꿪һΣеġδ˿Խ롣ΨСпܻ֪;ΪĻԵʴˣڽ֮£֣ͬѰķšҺɽҲǲھȫѰʧĹСѣΪȻ񣿡
һϯ˵꣬ұڴؿֳӡ
һʿִţҪ֮;ߵøԶܵõУһֻԵͻԪӤڡںڣֱеĻڣңɼ롣
οұ֪ŵǧ⣬кɽΪ֪ı


360 ߲
£һԼɽڣе
ÿй֮࣬һǽĦ󷨡ҩ֮ΪһǲȻΪһʿйصĶܲ˽⡣
֮в֮֮ҩƣֳ֮Ϊⵤν֮ɣڴ˵ϴﵽҵľ磬Ϊѣ
һǰڷżö򣬷ֱˮ˵ġڵġʯ¼͡ἭҪˮ˵ġϵġٲݻ׫һࡣͷ㹻Ĳҩ᳢һ
й󷨽һɣʵڽһöнƵ֮ǰһǶ
ġ󷨼Ҫ֮һ֪˵֮ҪΪʶķģǶ󷨵ޡ
еġ󷨼ҪһһǰһƬۼ׺һסȥܡ͡߷֮⣬½еķֶΡ
ƬǷһڶõĵػϣ¶һءԭеƷûеõ˿ǺһƬɼΪĵӣˮ׼ʵӲ
еۼףһǣȴ¶ԵõɫⷨƷΪ˶ķŶοһѧŵӣδԭúõķˣס
֮ɼǳֻҪ̤żһбġгɣʱܽơ
֪ΪΣ뵽뵽Ҷһɫһɵ̾˿
ĬĬһһǰסֿգͬС֮Сɶᣬ˿Ƕâ˸ƷԶ϶ֻһƷķ
ˡἭҪ֮һԴ߶İĬдʣ漴һס
âһǰʧһȴǡ
һףţ޲֮С˲㷨ӳֵףʹǰغͭͣ⻹ǼĺñʿĹǿˣǼҲǷ޺ֻǣʿ֮ƴԷʱʿҲֻ已̥ͬҪѪ
һġķġܡΪҲӵǿ󡣿ɴ˶ܱϾɷɣΪѡףֶβٵһ
ɱԽ飬һȴһսƷÿһεһЩ֮񡣿ɼͷѪ飬ÿÿΪ֮գ
̤һصԽԽ࣬Сɺ˼ӣⲻ˼׷ס
ǵ˵ÿʡ֪޹ӣһ⣬֪æΪȼ㣬ϡʱ룬ԤӾܲٳ֣ϢԼ㣬㲻ʡأ
Сꡭ
ʦܡ
⴫صĺ

ǰٲ޵ʱڡһƬڰɽ£Ĳݵϣǿʯԣˡ
ڵɽƫԶЩһ߳ڣ׳ͷϴŵЦ⣬ǿʯȥ
ط˸пʯϣǺЦ˵ʦѽֲΪ˶ûӰ㣬ŵУټһԵĪҲЦ֧ӣһ˸к
λʦֵⰡۣһ˲ݵϡһĪЦЦ˵Īλʦò
ÿҲһĿޣκΪؽӹ˻ͷޱԹ˵
صΪĲԲ֮ʱнչɼԲ顣ĪΪ㣬δзֺļ
ĪҪˣһҡͷֻΪռϾıˣָԵҩ֮ԵʣΪ˵ľء
ޣ˵ο֮У
ǺǣʦܡǳзƼʻһգĪŷһ䣬ǺЦһ£ֽ˵ɾ֮Уڼʦܿɡ׼
ǰڵٮٮߣΪ쾳֮УĦȭƶʱΨʦչأµģ㻹סѽغĵš
ŶһŶĿڶϴ£ʵлжʱհɣʱгԸǣֺαżأ
Īת£һЦδȴţ֮ǰˡĪǣʦܻ֪£
üҶ£һҡҡͷʵ³𣿡
˰֣˵Ҳʦֵ˵ɾ֮Уǰµ̡ĪʦּÿձŲ˴ѵ֪أ
һ̧ͷɽĴɫ꣬£ɫ糣תʵУ˭ƹܣ


361 Ŀɵ
ͷҪ˵ĪЦŽӿ˵ǡλִƹһӦСˣ˵˴ͬǰ쾳ģǡִ¡
֪δԼִأһЦ¡
ִǵĶϡָָ̧εҡͷ˵ϲҵȿ֮أʦܻȥǰɽ̽һܺùʧ
֪쾳֮д¡еӽݼӢгǷĹա̵ʱ˱仯һȴһŲ֪Īˣѿûеõгĸ֪˴ӣ¶Źֵɫʦֻܲǵ˼Ѽִôˡ
һǺЦָ뿪ǰɽȥض˵˼Ը룬ֻȥ֮ʣϵЦޡ
˵µף쾳֮ʱ̣оԤȸ֪Īǣһȴ˲ɣ

ǰɽİɽߵʹĴС¥ӳïʢŨСһƬɽǰϾʱۼڡ
һüͷǳ˫ʩʩȻ˹һ£´ԶġؾǰżӰûǰʿǸݣһλ뷢Ұ׵ߣִڵĸ¥ǰۼ˽֪˵Щʲô
ûִµӰһյǼ˵ĵԣ֣δڣǼ˲Լͬת׷׺
ⲻʦ𣿡
ʦֿνŵ̳Ҳ
ʦֿйɣСͰ

ʱԶĲؾǰλĿߣŵö̧ۡ
һ£벻ʶ˶ŵӣ¶Ц˵Ѱִ¡
λִ¶ڡ
ִһͬȥ幫ȥˡ
ʦ֣·ԸɣֵܼҲŰ
ǰľͷһֻ˵йɾ֮У֪λʦܿɷ֪
˵̣˱㲻̫ˡ
ǰҵֻŵӣ֪ޡ
λŵЩε֧һ֪ʷˣҡҡͷɫԶǰ˹֣תһȥ
λ֪ƺˣзԸ
һؾǰŵʿʩ뼸˶Ի֮ʣ˴ע⵽λߣʡ
λߵòʮģȴŲΪ뷢ҰףĴȺͣ⺬ЦһͷֳһŷԶǺЦԸĻʦֱɣ
һʱҲѰҪҵˣͣ£Է̸䡣һһл󣬱۵°ڣ
֪һ£߿ߵˣһ֡
һδߣǧʿһһʶءԷºͣҡҡͷ˵֪λʦֻҺأ
Ǻǣʱֵزؾ󣬴˴ҲһЩеȤ¡˹˵ԭ˸նһʥ֡ճһЩ£Уؾֵȱˣʱո֡
ʥڲؾǰɹͷһǼŵӵĶԻ֪ǲǰʢŵӣҲʱ⣬𻰡
˵УһΪ׵ŵӣرɣͣԲΪǰ;пΪʥ̾
һÿŲĲ֪ԼĴ崫÷зһԵԵʡЦ£ʵʶʦ֣һǰ
ǺǣˣҪ߶߶ʦҪְߺʦΪ⣬ѿһΪЦ˵ҷżѰִ£ǲҪѯɾ֮£
һͷʥЦǺǣλִͬȥ˵壬Ӧպ̵ˣʦܲҲһ𣿽ʱȥͬۺһ̱ͬǡ
һü˼ǺǺһЦ˵һ˵˵ɾ֪ʦܿȤ
һüҶ£ǷǷӣ޳Ͽҵ˵ʦִͽ̣
ʥ΢΢ףипһ㣬Զһۣڣ֪ʮʦӦΪ쾳֮ΨһŵӡµΪӦţԵˣö֪ˡҲǴ߹ģϣǰѣ⡭
һһԣλߵĽʥ׵һٻ֮ңִ󣬷Ѿǧš
ԲΪȴ꣬Ԫ޶ࡣ
Сңתĺꡣһ󣬿޲ꡣΪֹڣγԺȻ
֪УгһλŲĵӣ쾳֮Сʥ֮£벻ڲؾǰеˡ
һòӣɫк֮ͣᣬø˵ΪʦֵƺԷڶﱲЯ䣬ҲΪߵһ⡣
٩٩̸̸ԼеȤţɶ⣬ĵһĺøУеǡ
һ𻰣˵⡣һԷ޶⣬ʵȥɾ
ǺǣȥһΡÿУһÿ˵УһɾʱգһжȻʥɣ̬أºͣͬ˵ľһ㡣

һʱס˻ͷɺһ֣ʩһ񡣺߶¶οЦ⣬̯ƣ¶˵һҵɾ֮УɾͼԼ֪ãҼһЩΣֻǣôȥˣ˷ǡԺǿϾʦܿɴȥв㣬ʦû˵Ǻǣ
һ£ŶԷе˵ΪβԻȥһ˿أ
ʥ鳤룬Ȼ֮Ƴһһһҡͷ˵Ҳȥÿÿͷȴ⣡ˣȥˡ
̾һʥ̧ͷʵΪ֮
һֱӣɫʵһǣΪνиң
ΪһҪӹ򣬶л˭ȴ
ʥԸд㵣ٴζ˶Էһۣ˵ŵعţƣ£˵ŵʦųڣû쾳Ϊŵӣ˹հɣеһöҲãǡˣҲʦΪȻ񣿡
ٳɣһٴιȥ˫ֽӹ˵л
ʥ΢ЦףʾͷӻҪֵذգǺǣԱ㣡
һٽ飬תȥȴǶλĻмԷ֮£Ǻдǣ쾳͵ȻҲһ
߱ʮ֮ã˻ȥȴһ׮Ը֮δ£䱾˲⡣һȻ֪ԵɣֻȷԷ͵򣬲⡣ضðһ飬˲ܲһ
һʱĽ̸һǳʼնɾڵһУ˺棬ȴ޴ӵ֪£ͷɻࡣ
⻹ҪڶʥˣʱΪһɾдµΡеķԵ棬תҲһ֮䡣
ɼλ˵ȫʵף
һߣһʿһ׵ŵӣ֮ģǺǻ֮飬Ҳʱ⣬һõĪĺô
һУΪһ˴ŵӣĿףĴܵС쾳֮У˸̵֪ʱգҲӹաвֻܰ͡
õɼ֮㣡
ÿУһÿ˵Уһɾ


362 
Ȼλִ£ɴ෵ء˵һ࣬һɽŵһлİҲޱ𴦿ȥ
һתɽ£ѭɽߣӭһˡЦݣ²һӫֹסȥ·ɫһЦҲӲ
ԭʦܡʦ֣ʮģ˵䣬һץסӫ⣬һƷ಻ķɽ
ˣԭȼݡһгԹٴμ䲻гʼʱĴݡ
ʦ֣ǴӺδɽһһóڴк
һ̬ɣεЦЦ˵ʦֿˣ֪պҲ쾳֮еĵǣҪˡգгĽ̻֮࣬деĪ⣬ҲܲΪ֮׼һǺǣѷɽɣҲֻԲһﰡ˼ʦƣ׳ɫ
еķɽȷʵӣӦѰƷҪúܶࡣеĳǣΪ쾳֮УǶ˷˼ġ
Էеҫ֮⣬Զһǣ˵պ̵ӣʦֲǴɣ
ҡͷ˵պʱ֣ףģǴ
Ǻǣʦ룡һɫ䣬ع֣Ѵ߲
ݻΪĶ̵ʱգѯʣȴһӰԶֻеԷЩŹ֣ȴǲˣֻա
һɽϣǻţֻдм⡣
Ӷʥ˵Ŀе֪ɾ֮Уעһμ򵥵ΪЩγеĵǰΣ룬ٲ˶ϸĽ̻壬ϺõķԷݣ
еĳӦֹһȥɾĴΣѻӰͼһݡ
ֻȵЩһ޹ءǽ£һαչسʱȻ˴˴ɾ֮С
ԹһûֻУһп޵ŵӶѡ
Ȼеʸ쾳ʲôӣҪһ˿

һգ¶ʮˣʱ֡
ϣС
ϵ𣬻۾¶Цݡӳ£һȵӰǰ
ڼԵζԷЦ
ַף˵£ʱĸСӱˡ̨֮ϡԼ֮ˣΪŲΪ
Ƴһ۸¥ҹɫΪ˵ⲻϴǸ𣡿Σŵӵװ磬УδóذΪ˵Ҳִţ
޶˵˼леЩеǵ˵˴еĸУΩһˣ»СΪã
Цʱ򣬴Ҫȥײײ͡볣ˣΪԴ쾳֮һκõᡣ˽дԵֵð״֮СˣҲпԭɹŹֵǣΪ𵤺ڣɾ֮йڻµͷʱȴæΪڣԸٵʮ꣡Ǻǣ䱾ΣԴˡ
£ڣ齣ߣº͵Цһͬǰȥ
ĵɽ磬˼Դˣ򸾶вƾ޾ݣأ˵ļͷ˫˫ǰԶҹɫ˰ıǣȥһӣ
бһ˵۴ģĵָֻ֣ɾĪ⣬Σأ㻹СġЩеСƾԵ
ķ˵ֱۣһЦŮ˼ҵ˼ش󣬷󡣼ΪʿŮ֮飬ҲĪˡ

Ũصҹɫ£ġ̨֮ϣһһʯϣǿеǣŵһĨɬɬ⡣
ҹһ塣·ĥţۿĸʱˣѰ̨һƧ붨ģ
ȻǺôĵطʶɨͷֱҲֻǿ򶨡ҵģֲñˡ
ʶУСЩĻûʲôֻǼǿʶ޹˼ɶʱʹһе˿ͨ͸һɲ亹˳ȴأԱ۾ǿš
ãʱ徲ˣһ£ɫҲࡣ
ȥǰɽתһȦغһĴѯʣ굽Լɽдա
ĸһмƽϣ˵ġ̨֮ϡȥɾµıӣʵ֮١


363 
ʱ̨֮϶ЩӰĻζвкߣɨһһ֮󣬱Ѱ˵طϯضʱĵ
ģĸһĵӣ½㼯˿ʯƺ֮ϡ
ֳ߽һĨǰףʱм绮նõǷ׷Կնµģֱĸһĳǡ
һ̨һ磬ʵĳУӵӰ˹ȥ
ʱʮӴӵһŨ׵׳һ
ڴ˴Ϊִߣһ̨֮ϣһ漴ɫһʡ
۹ɨߵˣһ΢΢üͷ߾еŵӣûһ˵Ϊ˲ģǸҲȺУϻŲ׽Ц⡣
ִ£ڴ˴ͬŵĵһɫ䣬
֪뵽ʲôߺһ˵У˵ţԹǰȥһӦǣֱӭЩͬŵĸɫ飬Զԡ
ЩĵӣҲ˵߼ôһŵӣּ۰Ͱ͵ظ˹еȤ֮࣬⼥ЦΩһݣǰʱȵЦʦ簡
һ΢̣˵£һ

ʱس֣һȺ𴦵ĵӻ㼯һ
һ̨̣֮϶һٶλʿȸɴ˿ɼЩݼӢΪĹв֮ʮλڵĳյһ𣬱˴˱ȭʾҲһԲͷŵһɽȥ
һƬƮӰ´Ум˺ƲʲôԶεʰ׶ȥɫУһĻԵðۡΪΨһŵӣδекβʡ
ֻǣǼȺ֮Ŀ⣬һüͷ
ʯ֮ϣƶаٶλʿʩչʵʵһһ̨סһĹתһ¥һʯƺǰ
ʱ⴩Լɼһͨʯʸʯ֮ϡһ̧ͷȥ磬ӿסɽĸߴʯݺͨһ㣬һʱѰͷ
֮ʱΪڵĳзڵƼȥȴڴ˴ɽҪȥδأһв⣬Ҳֻܲ˼ಽ
̸һʿԽڶǰһʩ񡣶ߺݼʦ
һҲ˹ӣ죬ȴδǲ͵͵ǰ
Ǵ͵ɽ֮ǰȻһλǳɫ۵ӣ˫üޣ뿪أ鵭Į
ǵĸַף΢΢ף˵ؾ񣡡Ŀӹһӣɫв졣
չҲͰˣû뵽λҲǲ¶棬ߣ˦һ䣬һһֱȥˡ
ǲҿһڵʿҲ˱¶һģʿת˵ʩչţȥ˵ţ̤Ͻ磬ȥʮҷ
ֻգ۵ĹɽƺֻһȺڵĵӡЩ˸£лʩչ±ϵʯݱȥ
ͬȺըһ㣬Щǰĳȣ׷ЧǰߣѭͨʯС
ߵӰһȥһվԭزδʶȥ˴ĵȻǸߴǧɣ±ϵʯݶУΪӣ϶壬ҲҪһĪⵤϣʲôΪ֪ã
ĵӣ̤ɽƺ֮ʱ˺󡣿ɼˣôһСĹһûмӰˡ
ʦܣΪһˣ˵ݣҲ簴಻סһ󣬺ǺһЦԶȥ
ڣײҶʶųû̽ɽϵĶһٳɣһ㣬ٿȻ
ڶӣǱʯǰѭ׶ϡЩΪʪʯϺֻûƽϵĴݡһδʹñɴ̫ۡҲں棬ȴ˵ƨɡ
һݱǶʮɸߣһڰѵɽڵĽǰ㣬ȥδȻֱʯһԵɡ
ʯ⵽ߵĶֻһ紵һӰһ٣ʧȥӰ
ЩͷӵĵǣϾ˼̫࣬һʤϷɱ
һߵǽݾɡ±ڵķ϶Ա֮֮оűֻһֱ嶥ȥ
ǧɵɽ壬˵ҲߡɼʿʩչҲҪһЩܴﵽۡһƽصɣڵĵвֻýṦʿͬ
һʿҪ߳һ֮оűβ𽥳Խʯϵʿһ
ֻСյĹһϷǹͺͺ±ڣһɣ޽ʯ϶ʱ嶥ʮɣʯʮɡ
׹ѳɣһδңֱɽʯץȥҲ±ڡ
Դ˽˭롰ꡪһӲʯֻ¼ץۡһָͭǽһ㣬Զֺǡᡪһ֪δ๦
ָżľȻһʹʹһһ±Ҳ󷨻ֲɣ´


364 ﴫ
һֻңУδԤɽ֮ϵ֮ڵĵ壬Ѱɽ塣ҲˣʱһɣΣ
ǼɴǿеǶͷתһԽӿżȫƾһ㣬׹һ͡
תһһֻ̤ղ£͵ſ˫ۣͬһ߷ɵӥ㣬Ҫǿݶ֮ʱɫһ䡣
Է֮ϣһͻȻϮϵܣ˲ԣԻرܡ䲻һü𣬽Ҫܻ壬漴ǿаͷֻɲǼ䣬һ˫εĴץסֱȥ
ǿ򶨵һδһᡣ㵣ɫһ̧ȥ
ϼӳ£Զƺããޱ޼ʣƣϼ뵡һʮɴСķ֮ϣվʮλڵǰһԲעŴһ
ȥһһ˴ݣչ¡˫վȣһԽɤĪζ˵СӣѰ·ҲȤ
֪ߵغԲ֮£ֻųͷлʦĳ֮һŭɤԷ嶥һִߡǳһ󣬱㲻һǴĻ֣̿ŷ˵ִ˵²ϣʦˡ
һȻô£æǰһ˵лǰִȣ
Žһץģǵĸһʿڷ嶥ϵȺµӵĵʱĶԭһŻ۵ӣʩչ֮ΣƲӵʯݣһ˴±Ϸ
˲İ⡣±֮ϣ޴ӽֳ̬ʱ֮£㽫ץ
Ҳʩߣµضһζ˵ǧ֮գçײѣһǲأ
֪çײ㽫УͬšͷҲֻ̧ôʰҵһ
ߣôϻݣǼУΪڡѭʯУɷֳΪĸߵͲͬЩغһŵ߽ͷ£һٲҶԡ
״һҴ⣬״һʱçײˣ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ǵڶʯݲõˡ
֪λʦк⣬һ̧ͷʲôǶ˼ɫһתȥգֻһ°ıӰ
˿һֱ´ʮɷԲķ嶥֮ϣһƬƽ̹羵ɽƺ²ʮɴСһȦֱ۴ϸ߸ߵʯɽƺһԣվеǰ
еһĿϣһ̧ȥǸʮͷʿЦǳ֣Դ
аһһδ۹ϽϾ֣Դߵˡһλ˺һߡ
һһΣϴ̨ϼʱ־֮ˡ֪кԨԴʱ䡣һʿӦڵΪһʱͬɫơ
һɫ䣬תȥԶճʱ֣ԾƺƮ졣Զɽ壬֣ƻã䡢֮Сڷ֮У˷С
һ£Ŀ⵭ԶγǸɽ֪֮Ҳۣ֮ؿ泩֮ϣһ龰ǣ
½˷嶥һأԳƺУ˸Ըػת
ڵһٶλʿڷ嶥֮ϡʱһʿ̧׳˿ʯɽƺʯϵİСһ־ʯͬʱҫĿĹâͶʯƺ֮ϡʱʮɷԲʯƺ⻪˸תֹڣֺƶصıݣѱ便
Ǵ󷨣֮Կžһ̤Ϸ嶥֮ʱϳֻǣôһ󷨣ڵķ嶥֮ϣԸ⡣
ÿδʮˣһ˵𣬻δ䣬Ѳ֮У̱˸ĹâУȥӰ
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ǰһһ˫أ޴ĳʹ֮㣬˼վ˻ͷȥ¶ȵ
һƬдеɽȳǰԶͬһڵӣͬСһһԻмʮʿ
Ǻǣʦ޷ɣǼһԭһԵ˵
ŶԸѣζѣһʵĻ¶ЦЩп˵ԶĴͣһΪԲɼʦоŲΪڸȡ
ҲǸеѣܣЩ쳣ֻɫɵģһҲѱ澿ֻЦЦڵȺ
һԴҫ˵ǣһף˴ɽڴĵڡڴĵͼȻأԾȡô̶̵ĹڣѴӹȵڣ˲¶ʮ֮ĵط
ŵڣĪŵɽ֮ڣһĪ£һԶȺȥǼϤףüͷ漴ȥδ
ߣڲ¶ͷһΪСأһǼˣƽľԶ
ʦ֣Īг𣿡һܣΪһֱڻƽźⶢǸŵӣʵ
ƽԸЦһ˵Ȼгȥ쾳У⣡
ϲʦܰеóԸҲһԵľԶɫЦݣ̲طһ䡣
ڵȺУһµĺһµվһʦͽò绨עĿֻǰΪеӿرܣ۹ⲻҷ
òĵĺһһԽáĵӣΪʿ˴εɾ֮С
һŵӣһŵǰɫģһľֹʹԸȤʦ˺棬æһƽĶԹл˵
һҲǲŮӵֻǲδϣһੲݣҲ֪һЩԭȲ֪Ķ
֮ŵڣǾ֮һɽȡ
ڴһɽȣ˴Ϊĸŵĵطֻоŵʿݣڳͨ衣˵˴ŵɽ಻Ϊ
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ԴĿɽУڵѰ˿طҰ
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УһϤ˵ϻģΩһˡԷǺ岻Լֻ뾴Զ֮
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һʱǴâ˸ݣű߳˸ʿӦɲͬЩʿҲǷθ죬Ůײͬ
˹˰պһʮﳤɽУѾۼ˲ʿʱŵ˴£ʿѭɽȥ
쳣һСȶһʱ۾ͷͷбǰɽӦ϶ЩȥʿǳŶȥգҲʩչٲ緲һ㣬ǲСȥη
һӵ޴Ž⣬һֻǡڵĳкǰУȥķɽȵ
һнǽŲὡ֮ʱɽȵľͷһʮɸߵɽǰɽǰվλʿ̬УȲеʿǰִμʹһĪǣضڵҲǽʦɣ
ڵǰɽҲǶڵʿΪ֮ʱȺһ϶ԼĲ²⡣ҡͷŹȻͬ죡
ǰɽΪĸߴһٶʿУӵ֪ΪΣ˵һֻת䣬һСһ󡪡

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˷ԭͨ壬֮ǰɾ֮ʦ쾳֮лôԵ޵һֶͨΡ֮ʦԾӣҽյš
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֮ӯɽţŵĲһʦŵ֪ʦׯƣһǸʿֽ±Źӡ
ӯΪʱ򣬴¾Ȼ֮ԵˣҲ޴ӵ֪ʦׯƣԴҲǼڲᡣ
󣬻֮ģʦֻӯҲñ߶ĿˣѰһޡ
ֻǣׯȻΪͽΪӯʦ
Ϊŵĵӣ㲻Ϊˣͷӯ޿֮£Ϊ˳Ľ߲ΪҲǾȣΪ֮ҡ
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366 
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壬ǧ첻ѽߵ̾һ⣬˴Īǵţ
ʣһ֧˶䣬ɽһЪϢʱѵ֪˴˵صĴš
һƬɽȣΪȡϱߵȺɽΪŵɽڣɽ壬壬Ǵеȥţ쾳֮ϡ
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׿֮ˣΩˮԪࡣϧݼڣһδ¶Ǻֵܣȥʺʦ
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պ³һʱ֡
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һյ϶Ӱ΢㵣漴¶ǳǳЦݡһ಻ȴǳڴ˴ǹϳɵģľƺ«ײ࣬ͷϵǷǷʿõķѽһͷڷң΢̣ɢģĵҳ
棡ʦĪϵˣӯҲǸʿ
һЦݽ̬ʣһһЦȻȴǣˡ


367 
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Щ޹ҡҡͷһƲƲǡţôɵվҲǰ취ʿڵĵطŲ˼»ƽɴ£ĿϢ
գŵĴǿ˼Σû˶ǸСŵʿˡյ峿һ۾ʱɽж˼
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ڵһֱǶԾһ硣ʱһٲǼλʿȥ
ŵӵĶԵ֪ŵŹӣԼӡʩһڽʿ
һλɫׯ϶ЦİߣԽڶṰ˫֡ŵ׷ִʺ
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𵤺ʿ֡δкˣΣȴҲ̬ǹӣʱ˳һ˿Цݣ˵λѣλӦǺɽڵĹұƽѡƹˮӢϰɣһᣡ
ұƽΪҲȺǰݼŵţȴͬ䡣Ϊ⣬ɫһֱЦݡ
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ͬΪڵʿԳǫѷ˿ɲұƽΪʹƹˮӢЩ죬ȴͷʾ֮⡣ŵŹӣ̧Ƥַһ
ڵȨڵ𣬶һԲԣĿڹұƽһƲ
ӻ׿ӣأһԲµͬͬ飬ǺһЦ˵쾳ڼԸλУ

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ıԵĸŵǧʿפΪǰ쾰𺳣
һ׿ããһƬתȥƼݣͷҲӰǰʯ͸׽
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״ڶʿԣʱо̾𣬱һҲǰզࡣǷɽֻԴ̣ʧȥӰ
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ϣȴ֮⣬ڶʿԾĬ
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λŵʿϣ罥һ޵ͷǺʯڶʿȴһŲŲ
ֹؼΪ֮һϣͬʱվֹһ㣬Ⱥһȵ̧ͷʯ֮ϵգʶָԶȴ޷ŵǣ
ţ˸ߺһһæĿһٸʿæֱʯŶȥףǰɫӰϤ
Ŵͷڶʿɧתۼ䣬ڵʿڴкµӡһȺǰȥͲ硣أľ翴ȴʮɺǴʱֻ̤벽
УǧʿʩչȺʯš䳡棬εΪ׳ۣ
ʯžǰٴζ꣬һ̤ʯŵ˲䣬̤֮ͬУǰһڣűٿȻһ¾㵣ͣ˽Ų
ӦڡɴСĵطֻһһˣһԻһʯϡɸߵСأУ˵ڵͬˣǴǧʿʱҲûӰһͬþ
ҡҡͷһ̧óһöǶʥ֪ɷ⿪ǰɻ
꣬һЩʧҡҡͷɾеļͼ棬
˿Ǵʯףֹסʰ׶ϵĳ嶯ʱһʲôפԭأ˳˼С
ÿУһÿ˵УһɾǶʥ˵һ仰ʱűָȴδ⡣Īǣ仰ӦԵıǰΣ
ˣҵĵҵɾںη쾳ҵɾ
ǰԶʯףӦͨʯĶˣҲͨɾĽݣ
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368 Ե֮
ӯĪ˷ܣʦı䣬̤ͬʯһʯڣϵʯʱʦͽҲסˡ
ʦټʯ֮ڣȴ˵խСУЩͬŶȥ˺δӯ֮ʣɿʦʯȥ

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عͷӯЦʵ쾳ʦΪֹѽ˵ţĽŲʯ֮ϡţâһȥΡ
ɾ֮ڣ벽Сİͽ͵ضһҡҡͷδоŵɫǾǰڡ
ǰʦйʿڣɴһ̤쾳ǻһۣǸ˻Ե¡ΣʦδԡӯӦΣա
žʯ֮УһĬһ֮ɫ̹Ȼ̧ʯ̤ȥ

ĵڶʿڽһ̣һΡԿռ˵ʯȻ֮ʣӯ£ʯףʧȥΣСĽ󣬲Ųòٲǰ
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һ˵ɽǰұƽֺ֣֮õ˵ʦְ˴֪ǧҪؿƿ
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ڣ˫ĿĹұƽ̧ŲĴ¶һĨЦ
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ԷµģƴһЦݣ˵ߣ飡Īʲô˵ڵģȥѽ

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һ˫˵ԹգһγֵǰʹùұƽͷʹʹŲ̤ʯ׵ɲǣâһʧȥΡ

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һɳٿȻһѽƾնС
һ֮УŷŭصơǣŮӰʧˡ
֮ϣӿǰŮһΩˮࡣʣ̴ʹغϣ಻
ŶеĿһʹ۾ƻһвˡ£ȻˮеѪɫһҺ졭
Ů˭Լǰ𣿻ӣòЩ죬˭ҡʹڣ֪䣬ʯ˾ͷǰһƬããޣһּšš
Ե֮ȥһ¸
ݵַǰţûɵ̾һ֪ΪΣʹغϣ಻Ǿ仰ͷþòȥǣңһϾֻһþΪʹĸо˵ʵ
ƮƮ֮䣬ַɢȥһ̾Ϣд̤ȥٿȻʧ


369 һ˷
ͬһڣʯ֮ϣһĽŲ
ʲôطɽУһɽ򸾡˵ĻһӤ׳ͻȻһԵɽӿɽġ
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ʦһŵ۵ˣˣеӤ
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ǺһľĬɤٴ𣺡ˣܹܵࡣ꣬ҵĻ㣬˵ʹȻ㣬Сӣรɣ
ǴвϢɤԶȥ˿ĶΩӿɡ
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һ̮Ĺ֮ǰãȻĹˡߴɫʯڣ֧ŵİ֮ϣСϴġ׾ӵĴ֣ʧȣݡ
ʦڵĻԵ£̤ɾԶвͬϴĵӦɾеһڡڴˣĪеһþй
ϴĵϴȥģնϳԵõɣɾΪǰⷬģأռɷԲĶϱڲԫ˼⡣
ϴĵ֮أһߵɽ¡㣬Ȼһϱ֮ϣʶ̽ȥԶʮڣδһӰóһöϸϸ鿴
й쾳ĴΣŽصͼ棬δȫòһɣȴȻǽɾʿͷϱزٵĶе򣬱쾳ΧĴͼ
ݴɾ֪أֱΪ쾳쾳쾳ʱڣһص쾳ҲǴʿÿνɾõĵطҲɾУСĵط
ԵʿȻΪѰˡʶոΪĪ쾳쾳е֮أֻǣһ̤ɾֻص쾳ȥɾѰ̽棬ҵɾ֮ͨС
Եʻᡣȥףö֪
˼һ򣬵ӯˡһӣвݣвȥ˵
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370 ϴ
һ뿪󣬱̧ǰãã̤ȥһǲȴ˺쳾ֻ֪ǸоɲǼǰһ䣬һڡ
ӨɫĻϣǳȴͬһ㣬ɼ˿΢ɲϸ΢ӫӿڣٸоͷһ񡣴˴˵Ũľ֮ءɾô˵ưܲ
ϴġɸߵĲ֮ϣϴĶ֣ʹһֹ´۴ɫʯͷʯͷϤʶȥһæ̧ͷȥ
ԶǰɫӰͬϤǡ
ϵˣ
֮ɣ֮ʣһѿڶ֮󣬱ʧæִͷ˵ԭǰȻϳŮӣͷȴΡڴ˴أ
⣬ŵȺУһѼӰŮӣŵĸˡҲΪԷԸвѣδкνһżˣο˼һΪ߳ĳأ
һȻֻǲδ¶쾳УǸںϼʿɺϣ
ŶԷ¶ľ̬ͷһ֪ΪΣǰ֮˵òڱ𴦼ĻþУֳֽ֮ˡ
þлþþʵأΪԼҡͷǰЦ˵ʵģңķ
̧ͷԷЦӯӯһεƲƲ죬֪
ףŶδԲΪڣǼ˷ǾȤ´ŶԷ̾һһЦ˵ǲͶȡѽˣ֪һ;ΪҪ
һòŮӣϵĿ˽ѵһֻеƤȣһʱ޼ƿʩͷֱЦ˵ǰڵΪ󼰣ʧ㣡
һ֣Ťͷȥ˭ȴһͻȻ˵һסȥ·źɵɫʵܿҵΪ
ʶˣ۹Ȼͬʦʿϵ졣οһŲʿǿʶֻ⣬㿴ĴΪǸ˷ȴЩˣӲػؾһ䣬Ҫ·δ뵽Է
ˣһǼ⶯£æһӭŶԷ׵գɫƽ˵ֻǲ²ѣ
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ΪҪųɣⲻ˷һﲻ֮£ȥ˭룬ԷƢԾºͣ·תһЩʴӡ
˴Ǻڣ֪һ޿κ֮ʱȴԷ޽ǣתƵĹӦⲻǡϴĵ
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һʱԷָһֻҡҡͷ
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ʱһ¶ۣ֮⡣йһ֮󣬵δ롣˼ʣͷͻһ
һɫ´ȴԷͬ鿴ʼͷ޹˵ɺ϶ѣ
ΪԵ벻ɺѽһҶ˼̾һʵʲô㲻֪𣿡
һǽĿͶЩɫʯͷϣ֪ĥʲôʻҡҡͷ˵ҡֺ֪
ǰ£٣һҵС㣡һڣǺһתȥһƿնȥ
ӰԶȥһ£˼Լʯ֮ϣܵԵĥأˡ֣ӳһ۵·ʮܶݣǹ¶įȴ˵
һ˵;УЦˮ˷ֺἰ
ʲôԶÿ˶һβߵ£ÿˣ඼һֵûζļ䣡
һҡҡͷɢȥҵ˼ٴζǰʯͷЩʯͷʲôطһһɫʯͷС
ʰϵһʯͷ߶ԱһһͷǬóʯͷǵˮ³ǣǰЩʯͷһģһ˵˴ɾڣǿԶ϶Ǵˮ³
ʯͷɽ£һǽǰǿʯͷǰһƬԫϱУѿϴĵĻֺ˴ʲôȥ˺η
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ѽ쾳ڣŨУҲӯࡣŲ̧ʮɣȫʩΪ᲻һɳأ
ϴĵڣǰ̽£ȴϱڲԫ⣬ʲôûСҲǣ˵кöҲἱȥһѾõɾ֮Уⲻһ
ӸԶһ̽ڣһɽ¼۶ȥ


371 ɽ
һ뿪ˡϴĵ󣬽ɾڵĴΣϸϸһ顣
ڶʥ֮Уֻ쾳Ĵͼ档쾳쾳ڣͼиûбעǷǸɽϡϴĵδἰ
ɾ֮Уʹ˱治嶫֮µһֻйɾȥߣӰ̣һ㱼ȥʮ
ԶԶɼһʯɽͻأֱ񷡣
һֹסΣἰһطСɽɽ߲ɲ⣬ռԼаӦ쾳ĸء
ǰɽ˵һ޴ʯһ㣬߲ɼȴֻǣ±ϣйգݲģΪ졣
ͱ֮ϵҩݣѵһĵرһɽ£ȥʮɸߴһ͹ʯߣðһ֥Ǻöֳơ͡Ʊٹȵڶ൤ҩʳ֮֮á
£δʲôһһ㣬±ȻԾʮɸʱżһһ㣬ֱǻ֥ȥ
ôһ֥²ʮһϲ֮ʱɫһ䣬δ׹ֽ̧֥Ȼͷ³ȥ
ţһԾ𣬿ٶ񿥡ʱ϶³棬һǱ
δأһαǰһܡһ£ǽ߾ȫ
䡪һһܲ˵ǰֱ˭ϣһűһ䡱ľ죬ʯҹ
ϰâһ͸󡣶һأԲֱͣȥأͣµػͷȥ
һɫʮɳİ棬һ˫޴ɽ·ŭ׷ϵ֣Ʋ۷ȥʸŶ͵±ڣһ̣ûʯУǲӰ
˿һЦҡҡͷ׼İ棬ǺͯҲһֻŽˡɾУǸ˹ΣʱԼʶҲδֻǸеһ֮ͻȻƽϣͷܣնյĶһѡ
һ˫޴űɫ䣬ԼӦġ˵Ϊ
Ǭһ֥֣һΪϲȴСġʱٴδ±ϵҩʱͷĻޡѭɽǰָΣһʱҲû˼ƽϡΩн쾳̽һٶȥ
ѭšСɽɽǰʮͻȻ¸¡ķűһֻ񸩳¡ϣʮʿǱͻ״¾ӡ
ڰУ˫ٿȻһգһһʿ⧲֮£צץ𡣴˺޻֮һͽ͵˼£㲻ٶ
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˸ˣΣȥµʿ಻ԭء˳һķ滹мˣꡡ
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λ֣ǲඣʦְܵһ˵ͬ³أԳʦܵˣͷֻ·ʦַпæδظһ䡣
ǰСӣվסͻȻһȣʹʦֵܶ˼ӿ˽Ų
ߣҿСܵȥ˵֮ˣǸʮģʿԲΪ޺޵һߵͬʾ⡣ˣȣȴ˲㡢ŲΪһķ߿Ȼǰȥֻתۼ䣬㽫ǰΧ˵䡣
Ʋֻͣ˽Ųи԰Щӣ˵λĪҪᣡŵΣʵֵܶ޹ذ
ߣ޹أŭ˽𶥵Ԫڵĸʦܣ޹Ǹʿŭ
⡭Ҳֲñ˰±ֻ֮һ˭Ҫأֻδϵǽ𶥵ĳѨ֮ǱëŭϲҵģǺǣλʦ֣˵ǲЦš
ҪϻˣΪҸʦֳԷһʮͷӣǼ˷ɽҪ֡
ţСһΣ״ʦģЩˡҪΪʦֱ𰡣ҪɱԽأ밫ʦĻ֣ŶԷЦ³򣬶ޣʦֵܶǲţ㽫ϣıģ
ʦѽһҩȡ˵ʦ֮
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ŻǺüĿģ֣ʿס¶Цݣͬ飬Ҳɵ顣
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ԷΪ׵ʿͬʹ˸ɫ󣬴żЦ⣬˵һһ˵Ǻѽȱ˵𣿡
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ҩóƣʿЦһԵ⣬֪СǵԪڵĵӣʶ࣬Ҳѡ
Ϊһɾһջ˭һ첻Ҫ׳죡ʦ԰ԹڵؽǬ
ʦ֣Īż㿴˭ʦŤͷ֮ʣԶԶһӰߵĿ֮࣬һת
ԶĶԪڵļλʿҲһŲʿֻǶһˣֵôС֡
ⲻֵ𣿡ʦܲʦܵ˼ʲô漴¶ɫҡͷϴο湻ҵģ˼ǲϰæ
ʦԨԴοǰʦҲʦܵдŽҡʦֵ˼еǬֻ֪ص䡣
ֵܣѰֵܶˣʦӣ˸˸к
ֵܣǺþòʦ˼ҿɵأʦǸΪذڶֱۣǰΣ鲻Ϊ⡣
״ǸԪڵʿ촽£˽Լ˷ɽ


372 ǹ
ŴľΣԶԶһС͵ϮһأԵɡҲϳǰʦֵܶˣ˽ס˹
ֻǣȺͷѰһҡͷֵûģ۳˴ȥֽˮںδ
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ڴ
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һвֵ֣ܶ˿˭϶ԷǸʿǴһӭǰȥ
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һͣ½Ųֳƣ˿ҡͷ˵˴˭֪ҵݣֽ̧Ǭ̶üһ̧ͷʵΪȥ·
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һԱǺģδöԷ⶯ʿһ˵˴ɲŵĴСֵֻĶѡȻ㲻ʶôʶؽǬȡһɣ
˳Ķţ˵ǿнӣ˵ʮ㣬ɾԵǰ˴ŵĴСֻΪߵֻͣں˶١ˣ˭֪Եأ
һͫ΢˵Ҳʶôɣʤδ֪
ðˣԲΪʹǸԪڵʿгż䣬ƶԷȴ˭룬ȴ˿塣տ֮ãԶٵõôⲻ˶һ;
뵽˴ʿһкͬ鶯֣ȴͻȻŭһ͵Ϯ
ϻһ˴㲻ɣһһڡȻ֮£һʿǰһâȻ¡
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һȣʿ㱻ɡ
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δͬ鱻ɱּԷֶ죬һʱæٻطɽ赲˦һֽϣ˭һâǴ
һâ£ϼӳֵĻ漴顣˴ʧɫʩչҪϮ֮ƣһâٶ
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˶Ҳռ˱ˣλͬţȥ˷ɽԪڵλʿ־ȫޡ⻹ôȥԷһ˱նˣ˶ˣʤ㣬ˣ֮󣬾ǲԼͬΣԶȥ
ҡҡͷһδ׷ϣЦݣת¹ڲǱʦֵܡ
лֵȣȻֵܶ˿Ҫڴˣѻعǰһȭл󻹸Ҳδģ
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ʦԲǺǣǳִǼʿѬ£ҿֵܣǺǣһһ
Ӧǳ˴򽻵Եʣֵܶ˴ԲΪ˻ֻҪ˿ѣ쾳ڣӦԱݡ
һĶõһ鿴еǬвʯҩݡҩֽԪڣǴԶһСţʿ֮ﲢϡ֮һö󣬱㽫ǬԼѷɽһӸˡ
ֵܣƴɱˣһȴֵЦ
ҲǵõһǬһѷɽ֮£ϲ޵ֵ尡ֲʦ˵Ǻǣй˼ɣʹһ룬ЩƳһһڨڨЦˡ


373 Ӳ
ĸʿܵûӰˣҲʿ֡´һһ̧ȥɫԱ䡣ʮ⣬Сɽɸ±ڵһѨУֻ޴Ľ𶥵ΪһֻСιʳ˺ζǸʿʬס
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ԸʧԣЩΪѵؿʦ֡
ʧõպãΪЦʦܲصģֵܿɲխ֮ˡֺðؿһ˵ǰʦйǿи֮ˣ˵ؽǷزΪֵĹʧ黳
벻ֵԲΪʦ˼֪ˣһ˵ģҲʧʱطһ䡣
ֵܵĻֻ֡ˮĹвм١ǲǾ֮һʦѵڡ
ÿˮԶߵС꣡һ˵ǣ
һ¶ůůЦݣǰֵҲ˳ࡣ
һĲǰӣٴγȣԴưɫºͣҲ
ֵܣҵȲͬУ˴ҲиհҲһͷ
룬һ˵ΪҩݶֻҪ쾳ջ񡣶־ڴˣѰ쾳쾳ʶһ
Ըʧ˵쾳쾳ѰڣΣĪ֮أֵֻܷˣ
ǰֵܶ쾳һ⣬ܰȻطأǵóԸˣҲǵͷ˵ֵ֪֮ܶ˵Ҳʵ
ˣһֵܶ˹˭ͻȻ뵽ʲôæӻóǬ˹
ʦ֪һ˲ףֵܣأһ仰ֵܶЦŴкѭСɽɽŶȥ
ԶһĿϣǸֻмߴСǬһöʮƿҩ
ˮµһλ˼һУƴ˵񹭹ʸ޴ڣһʣһűģһңӣĩ˻֮ñɣв˱ĩãķΪ
ͽܻ᲻쾳һˮҲֻ֪ǣôһ⣬
ʮƿĵҩѪ£䱾⻹ǲһΪҩġ֪һڵľʶвôһ˵ǰɣ
һǬĬĬƬ̺һ뿪ԭء
Сɽ̰ҩݲȥʿֵҲˣ˵Ӱʮ֮ǻһջʶ²ֱͣʱδˡ
һɽ֮ϣȥտȡͷӨһƬʱӦҹʱˣôɾȴǸҹ֮ء
ܲôֹȥ˼£ȥκһȶ
һöĿãһҡͷ
ڶʿ̤ɾУڲ׽ڵЩͬţҲδһˡҲң˴˻ܴһǶԶԵʡ
ɾԳɣٱ߼ʡĵǧʿɢ䣬ưˮ뺣˻š
еͼϣСɽֶȥѭĿǰķߣɵ޹ȣ֮ǳôطͼбעЩڣѮյ·̲ȣӦʿĽ˵ġ
ǰö䱦£һȴǷ
ֻ⼸طĪ쾳֮У⼸طﲻɣ
ɾȻΪأ쾳ΪɾĴƣͷһĪǣ쾳ɾ
⣬ʿУô𵤡ǰΪ˼ҩݶġǽɾҲ쾳ֹǰô쾳쾳أ
ЩεĿе򣬴;Ѿһ뽫ʱɫһٴβ鿴еͼ
һΪһΪͼıעΪֹȴδ⣬ڽŴ˴ͬעһ㣬һССּ꽧
ͼвļΪ飬Ω꽧СӬͷģ塣Ϊ֮ˣ
Ǹ׵Ķʥº͵һͷŪɣʱأȥǸطǣ
һһöһԪʿáԷǬӸʱ⵽öʱ⣬㽫ΪС
ԪӦǱٴ󺣵һСţһźͼǴԶΡźͼ棬һƬհ״Ω֣޶
޶ʲôڣΪͼʲôûУ벻ף򣬸ŨһʧʱصϢ
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ƬبѴҰ֮ϣɳеһ֮Υ˵磬ڵطС
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һ˽ŲǰŨУһƬ֪мĸߴɽ֡˴ر쾳ġ޹ȡ
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ǰڣأ䲻ʶĿȴɫ֪ԺδɴڿСַ̣δǾֹǰ
뵽쾳һط޹ȣǱؾ֮ء
һСģܻסβҼУŨɽȡ
ǰУӿʶ̽ȥɽ߰ɽָ߲ɲ⡣һããɽУƻãһƬ޶׽֮С
˼ԶžУϸ΢ġɳɳʼ΢ɲļ̶ܼ
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Ϯޣ֮ܵ⣬һɿɫһ䡣
Щޣȥһ˵ϣʴһ㣬Ŷϵˡ
⻹˵ãǧޣôһ˺ҧɣ֧Ų˶ã㽫ڡ֮£һæָһȥȴǶЩ޷ֺҵּɽȥ
Ƭ̹һɫࡣЩСޣɽк󣬱㻯ΪܣڶޣɽӦʱۿɼһ֡
ɽƬ׳̸ϡӦ֮ʱļЧ߷㲻㱻ɵĲӡһҧҧٴ׳Լ׶ܣֻɲǼ䣬ֽ伱𡣼ޱȵļ׶ܣʹȺѪ
ֱһ֣һ߶֮Կüͷȴǽ޹Ȼߵĵطϵ£ǰңЩʤޣܲ³֪ʱͷӣ
ܲЩ˵ķȥˣԴУת˼Բߣһóǰѳ׽һųзڣЩ޾æңǶԳЩ˼ɡ
»뵽˴ע֮£ʢǰһǽҵĻȼգʹϮͷһͣܵľҲΪ֮⡣
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һûӿΣδжԶֽûˣΩгʹڱܵû޹ȿмأһ·ǿȥҲδɡֻǣΪ֮ʱⲻݣָΣ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһֱһƻûųϢѸ֮ϡ˿ɵǡ
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һػ˿ʶ˷һԣȴδ˵ܡһ벻״˼ĵԲȥǰްĽŲ
һʱдеһ޹ȵɫһžɽУȻ顢顱ı졣


374 
ĵطһԶɽµһɽѱѵĶסϻмʬҵòӡ
ڴʱһֵӰͻȻӶгǰȥ
һĺδֹŷֽһը޵Χ֮һм˳ɽ
Ǽһת۱㵽˸ǰȴǰȻЩ죬ȴδפ㣬ǰȥһŮӺͣȻԭ֣
ʦãҪǰ֮ǵŮӵİΣ״һһʿһˣҲʮģͬķΣΪ˲Ϊ
ʦ֣֣ŮӦһѱһǰһɴһֻޣԲ󣬱㹰˵֣
ǰżȴʧŮӣһ¶Цݣ˹˵һᣡ
Ůнݶǹڵʿ£һϳԷ˸к벻޹ٴطꡣ⼸ӦͬţǱ裬ͻΧȥǸʿԵڴأ
ڴޣ֣һһӰת˲۷˻һŨü۵ˣһ㻤ףӿݣǱ޶ҧĺۼ
ڡƽʦ֣ˣʮģһһһڶ޵š
һλѣ⼸˵ҲʵڣһԷ˼䡣
⼸˹ùģһ̤޹ȣұ˴Զܿյһ𡣳ʼʱû⣬ǵصϮʱǲŻֽšò׼ɽһɽ㱼˹ȥ
Ŷ磬ƾŷ֮裬֧ţ֣ȴһʱݡ֮˼ͬߡɽСһЩִڱߵļʬױ֤
ôڶҲǰ취󣬱ȥֻδ뵽˸ôɽУҪҲû˹ܵ࣬Ωнݶϳˣǰ
֣ʦΣ֮ʣȰлˣްлһһԭأȴǰȻģ޵ȻֶΣѹܻɱˣ
⼸֮ദĲһЦЦ˵㲻ʲôֶΣ»ѣһתʵȥˣҲڵʿ𣿡
Լǣ޲ҼΪȺ֮ʶԻ֮һ;⣬вйıﻤҲɡԷˣΩнݶһһɣ߽ɿ⡣
ˣ˵ԪڵĵӣΪߣһ˴ǰɽжܣҵȳʱͻȻһ޵ıȥˣݶԾˣǺ޽ġһ֮ǵǸʦְü
˵ҲȤôһֺοɽأʦã˴˾ҵȻȥźã֡޵ɫЩͷϵķֽɲ࣬˴ɲ˵ĺõط
ŽݶѯĿ⿴һͷ˵ǵԣλ룡
һ䣬Ņ̀׳һƬֽըһ棬νȥڡƽεڸϡ޼䣬ʡȴһ޵ľ
һأδݶĽ³ɡ
Ȳ⣬߰ɣһ˵һ䣬Ʈ
һ߲õ޵ϮݶѲһЦ
ߴŽݶǰ滹ļλͬڿ·һֻüӿ˽ŲǰһʱȿڲԶʱ࣬ˣʦֵˣ۵
ץסǸӣˡǰͻȻĽкʹΪ̵ĴޣŻŲȴֽ
ȳȣһ޻ףȴʦøˣɫɵֱȿڶȥ
ʦá˲鲻Ļףܾ񣬳λͬźֳȡ

޹һĹȿڣǾֹͻȻŴðһֵӰһпͻɫ׺ٺһЦȴǲͣ
ӣվסл˵źȿðӰȴǸԼɽڡ
ܵˣֵʿŴͣ״漸˴ϲæɱȥΧ˵䡣
ӣô˰ΪһŲʿʮͣɫоǵ⡣
ٺ٣λѰ˭Ҫú˵ģһⲻܲ𣡡ֵʿűЦݣоšէһԷΪģ
ӵǸʶȤˡڹУǻıΪ棬ǲްҵأ콫óôʶһɣһ˳Ƶ
ʿתɫЦݣȴЩΪѵ˵ɰʦŴ棬ҴΨһ롣ǽʾˣҲҪǲҲТʳ֮ˣɡɵģ˵ţֵԴֱҡѵӡ
ƨΪ֪ʦҲ˶٣˵Ļ컬࣬ⲻֵܼԶˣԷһ˳˽ƶţΧøˡ
鰡˵λѣֶ˺ѽӼ֣ϵ׸£ִſģ˵Ϊ͡ҪѽǸţˣֿǸöλһɱҪԭ黹
Էһۣ¶Цһ˲ͷشߴٵˣ콫óֵܼʶһ£
ٺ٣λҪ갡ЦֱֵţһͳѷɽʹöԷһթɵһ
ٺ٣ôˣ˷ɽװģֹţⱦĶˣôҲأ̬Է᲻֪Ǹŭݣ˷ɽ
ףӺ̧ͷȿȥӿУðӰΪһӺһŮӡ
ΧӵļʿҲǲ˶ǼڵͬΪתһȴǷŭȣӣˣթ
ʿ֪ʱ϶˿ٺһЦ˻𣡡˵ţϹâһɲǼ侹ԭʧȥӰ
ӣܲԶ׷һܻغһͬһǰ׷ȥ
һŽݶ˹ȿڣǸʿҲȻѡ˳Щ⣻ΪԪʿһ⣻԰Ȼ߳޹ǵ⣻ǿƣǵĸ⡣Լܣ㲻һأ
ΪߣΪȴԲЩ͸ǼҪռıˣ²ô׵飡Ǽһ¶˼״ݶƽ˵
ǳ޹ȣͬţǴڴŴƣɫдм˷ܡֻһݶϣǱ
ʦ˵ǸԳԪڵʿ𣿺ǺǣǸӡһǼ׷ȥıӰ޻˵һ룬ɫ޵Цһ
һУݶ⼸λʦ֣ʱмǡ޵ķʱһǰ߸ʡȴ鷳ǰһв֧ʱʱַ֮ǰ壬νʡĺ÷ӡ
ֻǸ޺岻ĿǣʹһǸʿغ


375 в
޹Ⱥһ뽪ݶЪϢ˰ա˴˽ȥķ򣬱ͬС
·żʿ޽Ը·־ȹݶԵʣʦֵ˶һкøС·֮࣬˵˵ЦЦദǢ
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һպЪϢ֮ʱݶͬʦһΧһȦɵϢһԶһ磬Ŀֻǣ첢δ
պǰһɽϣ̮Ѿõķᣬͣ˽ŲһǰУȴ޼¶еĿ⣬ֻɽϹ
ÿһ汳˵бĴڣѰٵӰ֪ĸɵʿݶһԷ˵ţһʾ⡣ɽðӰҲ⵽µĶ
ʦ˵ļǣ²鿴һΣ޻ͷкһȴüͷ
һǸе˲ͷţ˾ɫ䡣ֻ֮ǻһλʿǰ滹ߣ˾ڳۡ
ǿɣŶԷŲٽļµԵֿʶ̽飬Ǽλˣ
ʱĴǺӣ߲ߣֵѯʶԲߣҲ˫üһĿɫҧҧǰһݵλǰ
ڡƽ뽪ݶҲǳ֮ңʩһ񣬲ʶȤһ˼
Ǻǣ⼸ڵСҲ˵ǸΪ׵ʿף԰͵΢ЦԵΪ˺͡һۿεĽݶ˵ͷź˵һ䣺Ϊ̫ͣϧˣλߣ뵽ʲô˴˲ɫػ˸
СӣڵӣΪҪأ⼸ת۱һеĲԶʿȴͻȻͣ˽Ųʵ
޵ȴǲ̧ͷһҲͷһ۽̧ƳԷԴζЦݿæСĴư£㱻⣡
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ޣ⵹ûأʿǺһЦһ̧֣һĺ«һץȥ
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ʿϽ«аһᣬͷ˵ɳǷ棬«еСС󷨣ƼףַȴǼΪϵ˵ţ̧ʵСӣС«λͰ
һλȺ͵ĳߣ֪λǰ䣡һ̬ȴǺɡ
ʿ׶еϽ«Цɡ´һһ˵СӣǺǣСãҪΥа
ͷһһ״ң
ʿ鲻һɫΪ⡣Ͻ«һͻȻżζЦó֮ǰסСҪ
ҵĴߣҲ˲ٹʱˣǸƤ׷ߣ鳤룬ɤͳһ䡣ǰ̧ͷʿʿĿһ˿аЦݣ˵ͷλߣǴӿ³˷ɽűȥ
һ߬еϽ«£Żֱ
ǽʦδĴޣ̾ѡڡƽǽٺģǽݶɫ࣬۵ɫл벻𵤵ǰ˾˵º񣡡
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ʿһУΪһΣΪΣο˼ȻΪʿһӵĴأǺʱεعעԼֹע⣡
ΣĸܣԵıܡһԷһʱ㰵СġԻ֮ĲǽݶеºЦݣеǼҪԼһɷһޡ׽ɱ⡣
ʿһۣİһѲ²ԷǸʿĻＫ⣬ȴǺ岻δʿȫڶԷһʱе󼹱أ쬵һƬҶһ١
˵ǿ֮ġһģȴǶÿΣʱĪĳ嶯ǵͷܣƴ
֪Ӻʱ𣬵˲ٿصʱһԳ֣Ҳ侲һ̣еһж׿ҪѰҵƿأҪΪ֮ƴҪΪ֮ҪΪ֮սһϢ
ͷ룬νǰÿÿɼʱ˵ĳ嶯ºʡʱһ֪ı׶ˣµͷȴȻʡˣģֻһ
֣λʦ֣ȥϿΣ쾳еÿһ棬ֵ̽ѰһΪˣݶ
޵ͷӦʣȴǺȻʲôȥ˵ףǼĪǱ˴
ֻԶӰ޵˼״⣬һȴƲƲ죬εҡҡͷ
쾳УʩչΪ١ֻת۵Ĺѱ˽ǰ޻ǰк˭˾ǹЦһԩ·խ


376 ֮
δ䣬Ϊ֮ˣǼ˷ɽڵس˹ͻ䣬뽪ݶȻæԼɽ䱸
һȴǱ˫֣ǹЦ
ƽľԶ֪յһġ
벻ɾŲգѰ˳ңƽҡֻһδٽʱżĸʿվһͷһס˽Ų˴޵һۣ˵ڵŵƽרΪѰλĪҪ£ǻ
⡭ڴޣλʦ֣ɫ£ȭ˵ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ㿴
һλڵĴʦܣĪҪ֣Ǻǣ˲геҲг𡭡ƽвĿ˵
ݶǿãЩˣæ˵ʦ֣һѣ
ʾɫڡƽҲɫɣεسʦǸҡͷɤͳ˵ҵֻ֣ͬ·ѡ˵ţʦֵ˷ɽΩнݶһΣһΪѡ
ΣƽЦλʶʱҲԷȴǱȥŲΨݶԭأΪѵؿһ
˵鿴һɫ䣬ŽݶһЦ˵Ҿʹ˱Ҳˣתü˵˽Ѱұˣ
޵˱뼰뿪Ƿ֮أȴһɫеĲм֮ʦýݶһԹڨڨ˳һʱüȥ
ƽδľԶ˵ˡ
һ㲻᲻֪ɣɾУΪͬŻ˴ͨѶ˴յһδżȻɼʦܷԲ顣㣬รɣ
ƽĻǴǰǰȻ飬ˡһԵһ˵ߣʦֵĳҹܲţֻѰٽһ
λͬţƽǡЦһҺӣգӣ
һĿӹľԶ۹һ֡ƽ̬ƲƲ죬Цټ쾳δұˣִΣ
ΪʤȯյƽҪΪǿֻҪסһɱԷдһ˵ãҪ߶ɽ֮ʱɴŭ󱲣Ҫӣ
Ǻǣе׷һ˦һ䳰ЦʱѻһӰ۶ȥ˵ܱܣδԷһ˿Ӧ֮ƽҪ׷ʱһ
С黫˹ֲõɱӵأ˵ľʦ֣㷽ΪβʦܣҲվŲְܻƽŶ˱Թ
ʦܣҪȥ׷üѽľԶɡЩ޵˵˵ӱӣ⧲
ľԶӲһ䣬ƽ䷭ֻܳһ㬵˵ҼǶ׷һҲסĸδκΣ
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δ䣬Ѵӿˡһ֣Դһٵߣ߱ڵ̨ѵһǸǰڵΪ֪˾ߵһ
֣Դ˽أʣ̬ΪšƽɫмΣһǰݼľԶżֻǳִ֣ԴʱɫЩԸ
ԶԶһʱ֣ʦ巢ȥ˴ϴΪ黫ԼβԱˣƽ޺˵֣Դƽ̣֪֣һĳԹʱϲѰǰ֡
һڹ⣬һӵ֣Դ֪ҲöԸڵ̨ϣ裬衣ɼֶԼͬĲ
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һһĴڣ⼸˱ߵһľ֦ͬľԶһԣҲпԭľԶǸʲô˼޴ӵ֪
ߣɾڣ޴ӣʦ֣׷

һ޴ȥֻܽʩչ˼£ƴǰۡľԶʱϣŤͷܡ
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һĶټ죬δһ̣㱼ʮȥδͷһæ߶һɫâ
δһɫѿʩչǱ°֡쾳УãΣأ޼ƿʩ֮£ȻͣΣ׳죬־ԭȥΡ
Ϣͷʮɸߴ̤ɽ֣Դˡ֮еһ˫ü
Ż˵Ӱôת۵Ĺ㲻أʦ֣ΪΣеƽӸ£ŷɽѰʱʵ
ȴڰֹסΣҰ׵ĺ룬ޱ˵ӣһǶ󷨡
ǰСӻ֣ԴȻ
Ҳ쾳ʯ𣬼ɾƻ֣ʶڴ˴áǼʶ㡣
ʦֵ˼СӲδԶȥǲУ֣Դϲһʿ󷨲ܶʿһ


377 ಽ
δӦ¶˼״֣ԴȲչʶڵϸϸ̽
еһ޿κΡһ֣ԴΪ壬ɼһڵûκεʤ㡣˭ʿأ򲻹ҪҲܲ˼ң־к𣡱ɴûĶٿأ
֣Դͷ޼ɵطȥһǽ˫üûһ취Ϊ֮ƣֻа棬ڶԷʶˡ
СĪǾôƾʧ˲ɣʶкѽæһ֣ԴЩ
ҲΪƣʶУǸһӰ˭벻ٽԷٿȻʧȥӰ֣ԴѰʱҲûš󷨵Եʣɹͺͺĵϣ˼ʯ⣬ʲôûСһӶѣ󷨣Ҳ̫˾ȥ˺δ
״ζʿʶҲһĽ֮ɼ֣Դ棬ɽŵ֮ʱɫٴѿ
֣ԴɶʶѰԼڣȥǾߵļơǱɽײˣ¶ݲɰ
֣Դָһ㣬ɽڵϴһǣֱܳȥʮԶ۷ܶʼΪüƣϴЦشкһˣɣ
һƬط֣ԴƴȴޱȺõķӣҪ˶ñһ߲Ѱһ顣ʱΡ
֮£һг˷ɽ֣֣ԴĶ
ڰУ뵽ʲô˵СӻĶݷ
֣Դʵʦ˵
ƵԵʣɾڲʩչжݷɻмֶݷ֮УƩѪݡݡݵȡ⼸ֶݷе伮мΣ֪֮١֮⣬ŵĶݷҲΪ졣֮СķӲ١ƾһŵӣɼ˲򵥰ѡĶЩһ˵ҲЩ
֣Դ˷ɽʵָأܲСӲ˰ɣ
ߣһСˣжҲֻһʮѣɽ˲ϢҲмغһ
ʦԼǣСڴ˴Ϲ󹤷ˣ˵ţ֣Դ̤һǰ׷ȥ
УһûӰ³һԹ޳ֺαΪŰأǰĲ²⣬˵һأҲ̫߿һ
󷨾ʱδ֣Դءһ죬ȴǻһˡһĻۻڣòȴǴྶͥʱԹɫƣ»żϡĺ룬ʮһòͨʿΪҲ߲㡣
ڡ֮һ̡ٲò治쾳ˡ

ɾİºһƬľ޴ɽ֮ǰʱʿɽ֮ϣĵ䣬һõĹ˴쾳ĳڡ
ߴĹǰּӰŵӺͼλʿ⼸˽²ֱͣ˵š꣬ʮԿ£ΪǹұƽǰˣʮλʿС
֮ķϣۼһЩΪߵʿһЩһʱҽǰԴžηɫֻܿЩǰ½ڡ˹һպ󣬳⣬ѼʿӰˡµڶʿŵŴӿȥ
ȺУһʿűСߴĹǰݵһձ˴һֱ˺󲻸¶ͷЩӰУϤߣڲڽеôʿ
ΪʿʩչʱƭʿʶԽʿΪǿʶʱ¶ҲݺһɲҴһԭɡ
̫ˣɸߵ֮ϣ׾ʧׯأȴֻбһȣͬΪʯͣһ޿ŴִŻ
ʮһûĵУһͷβ´šֻǣĽŲظһʿǰ֮Щͷ̲סԼʱأ㲻ڴ˴Ƹ
˵ʿΪ㣬ȴׯϣ߶мơΩ˵֮ʣϵ׸ͻЦݣüĿĽ֮ɫ
һεЦЦǺģʹʿǲмغһ
֮һȵصɴ۾ڶʿҲһΣ鲻Խͣ˽Ųɫ̧ȥ


378 
濴಻ɴСһ̤ڣһء۴ߴĵã̻ԻͣѣĿ
ұ㲻ʮɿִʯ߸ߵ񷶥֮ϼ뵣ѱݡǰȥɣǴľͷһ޴̨ϿտҲ֪źεo
ںܶʿ˵˻ֺĹ״Ͳס棬ٲǰȥǽྻϴɫʯשϣɼˡһ˺󣬵ͷ£Сĵ˲ӡ
ЩʦǰǣӰδһ׿еĺ棬۹ѲšᣬǼɴСעĿһǾŸұһͬǾŸֻ֮һЩĵΣͬoĹ˴ʮԶպɵβľͷ
ٿ㣬ҲôһƬطβסôʿصһ̣һǰһȦδķ֡
ôǰȥ˺δͨͨͨڣ
տĴУ̨֮⣬βסӵʿԾǫ̂ܵѰš
֮һԴеʿ⡣ٸʿװϿԿӦԴĵĸСţмһڵĵӡȴߵλʿ⣬ϤסƽЩڵͬţһ˳ͬӰȻ֪Ϥͨڣȥˡ
ڵЩʿ˴ײԼôأһü֮ʣ۽һƳ֮ȥŴһ衣δ꣬ǰһһڡ
ͷ֮£һ˲ö룬ǰӰȥ

һľɽȣ鲼滨ľԴĿҷ硣ǸֵӰһʧСľͷһǣظ˹ȥ
תһҷصĹľһǰǸֵʿסȥ·ڳû·˰ôƳ꽧أӵͼ
Զһüһֹס˽Ųڴʱ˵
ףͼ
˭ĸӣòͷˣʿ㣬ſڱ˻ȥ˭ʹ죬漴ˡǳһǵɽʯ棬ðŲʿײ߽˴˴ҲѰ·۷
ǺǣλֵѺôƢٽͼɣһʮģĲ⡣һҲЦ˯ͷǺˣݴֻѰ꽧ſɽ쾳ͼֵܱ࣡
ʿָԼķһ⣬һڣ޺̬ǶʶЦһһɢѳɼй֮ơ
˵λѣһͼѣ˺Ƥ𣡡ʿǶЦݣƶĻͷһƳϵ׸£Ҳ
ǶҲԶԶƳһȴǲδϡһ߲ʿѣΪǡʿԣԼԷ˶˴˴ù
ӣ󹤷ˣͼɣһ˴ߴٵ
˵˵ǺǣʿЦһ˫һͳһö״Ƕɫ΢䡣ȻͬҪˣթ
ؼλͣʿһЦԷĲ죬˵űһâ˸ֵ֮һֽ֮ԭ˳
ģݷڴ˴ôðʿҺһöԷһ֮漴ô£Ц
ȤΪߣợ˰
װģˣʵĻֵܶ飡
ʿЦˣɽ۱˹
̾ʿͻȻ뵽ʲôæе֣ԷǲͷӣҪˣʲôٲͼ·һ
ʿٺһЦȴתһλһֱź棬˵ͬأᰡܰУҴȥ쾳ѽ
ӣǳ汳ģһ
ٺ٣λѣλѽͷ£Ǽȣ汳Ҳ޲ѽʿͷ˵ȴּȥһöٿȻһͼǵѵĳŶ
ӣǻòͷˣһŭһͬȥ
ˣˮ֮ƣ򵥶áһ̧ץס򣬼ʿɱ
ʲôͼһƪʿϣвٵĺö
лӵѵһ˵ʿһɫʧ˵ϣôˣҵıԣɤ죬֪ҵĵţ
һǺЦţǰȥʿӭɽ֮ˣ˵⵹жλҪĶ֪ɸȤ˵ţԷǰԶһС졣ԷӦԣֻĵһ־֮˲
Ƕ֪мƣæ˶ȥȴΪʱããһƬ·ޡʿ׹ˣɫ࣬ת
״УЧһ˿һУʿˣ
һֳֳ׽ֱƶԷæ֮ˡһѰ·δһͷ£æɽ赲䡪һ죬٣ͻҵĻϮ
˲Һһ㱻ɡߵͬǼΣȴ˶֮£æϼӳֽȴȻߡڴƣӦ֮ʣһ̧гһѷɽݺ¡
ȥ֮⣬һֻһɽ⻹ڹɱʱû˳֣ѰʿɵС
һ£ȻУɵĻ飬ʿб롣ֵȥʬʰöԷķɽǬһתʿǰ
أĴʿͻȻһһָ˾еλѣĪҪɱҰ
ʱһŵļֱòǻָ˳̬
ԭǸʿˣվǰһˡʿɫ׸ⶶ£طؾϲȻֵܰ˵ɤôϤأ
һŵЦݣʵΪζң
ǰ֮ˣǺƳеǸӡ£η֣ΪϣһΪ˲졣
һϵĹһʿͻȻڴģأ޹УӼҴȥڹȿʱһȣæʩչȥɺϣ䱾⻹ڶԼ
أʶһдһʡ
ѽֵᣡ֮أ㿴ãβȥأ
ЦЦһ˫תȥ˵һʿԶ뺣ɾ֮Уѡת˼£ٺЦЦ
һתעųӣһһٵ˵֪֮ѣʲô
ɫһͣ۾һɣ͵˫۽кʲô֪ɱˣ
˫üһһɫת䡣ɭȻɱ⣬ߵ˵Ĳɱ㣬ͬԻϤһУ


379 꽧
ɭɱѸɫ䣬õͷܣδȴͻȻеǰܵľһɲ䣬δ뿪ԭԶȥĻͳˣãȡһŷֽϣã
ҧҧһԲСӽһףҪ־˭ããУȻһֻ
ҪӴ󼱣ֺֻؽԲһץȥ֮С
ֵ鰡˵˱ǣǻԹǲҺһ󣬳һƨ̱˵ϣ˵ĽײùˣֵܣҴ˻ˣЩ¶ߣ㻹治֪أ
ɢȥһֳΡž޹ģĳӣǣһۣһԶ
Ӳ֪һ⣬æŲ£Ӽת˼ȦֻЦٺЦֵܡ
ʾԳϣҴţ˵֪һСһһ󣬿˿еԲ飬һƤһעųӡ
ϵ׸һ£ڨڨЦŽ۹һϷŲӵ˵ͷŽҶֺõ˵ֵ˳֮š

ż䣬ʮɿɽУɫˮ䣬ƶˣɽϪ
ʱʿӰɽУȴĹ˲Ͼģ֪Ѱʲô˼䣬ŮӲСһ°ȹŮӣţ˵ʦ꽧
ΪǣΪꣻǶǽ룡˽꣬Ի꽧ҲػŮӣʤѩò¡һ٣ǳԣŵЦݣЩε˵ӯΪǲҪȥ쾳ΪãѰݣ꽧ҲǼأ
ѵдĻԵӯأʦıǣв⣬Աݣ
˵ӯѰ󣬱һ쾳Ϊʦȴͽִֻ֣ܵý˴˴
ֻǣʦǰɾȥΣաӯòȴֲִұʵǸ˶Ϊˣ̲֮࣬סҪȰ衣䲻Ϊֻܰҡͷ
ʦΪΪ뽧ҪѰû𣿡ӯˣѳԵʣҲǴǵ顣
΢΢һЦ˵伮ƣԲڽ֮СݱǶݣڴ˽ѰôżȻа֮Ч֮ʿ߳꽧˴Ψͽףĵ˵˽뽧ʮ￪⣬ˮ˻ǡʿǲǿΩн趨֮
лʦ󣡹꽧رɽ쾳ˡӯдż
ǰУʶɽеĶǰԶʯУһݱ֣漴üǰᡣ΢΢ü˵ɾԳأ졢졢ָвͬÿʮһ죬ȥ쾳ͨŻ꽧ľͷ򿪡
ʦ±һݣӯϲغһΣֱʮ±ڷȥͬʱӰǰͷ
ۿŵֵݾҪߣӯݽֱ̧ۣһУһǰȥǲļʿǵڵĸ֣һŮͱˣδ
һһѷɽסеȥơ
ڰУκͣ٣ƴһӯŭ𣬽һ޳ܣһСɵķɽˡһը죬ҫĿĽâֱǳ֮ˡ
ʱӯǰǸɵŮˡ
ݵ֣ӣһʿһݣЦţ֮˵ľȥ
ᡪӯķɽ˵Ļ׵סݷˣֱһŮӱ͵Ϯ߳ŭ¶תƿڴѾͷ
ӯһڰһתȥ׷ݣԷĵסȥ·˿壬ٻɽƴ֮ʱͻһɫ˿Ѹ磬ǰ
顪һ˿ȥŲʿһɡӯ¶ϲɫּϤӰһӹת˲׷ݵʿŵ󶯾״ʧɫ֮£ߺǰе׳ƴǰȥ
ָк󣬻ֹסΣ¡ǲɫȻηǼʿȥֻǳӯҡͷ
ӯǻָ˳̬ʦߣɫ糺죬һ־̬ллʦһ̴εݣ㣬У̧ȥתǰ
Կֻŵɫҧ촽ӯĽɣĬĬȥʱһֵӰ߹ػЦǺǣԭɽбжݣ
ӯæ֮
ʿУһЦ˵ǸʿһǸɫƵģҲǺƳһۣ㽫ĿǰǰɫӰ֮ϡ
ֲϡСӯأʿΪЦЦֺ˵Ǹֵܣαߵ죬ҲȵҰ
۽̧ǻʿԴЩεط˽Ų߲ΪɫݻƣЩǸʿΪЦдżֵ⣬һ֪Ǿɫ֮ͽ
ˣǽɾ˼һ㣡ҡͷ䣬һ˫ˮٴʿϡ
һۺ죡˵ʶ࣬źüԶҪһƹȥ˼һʵڶͬѰٶͬΪʿҴǰУĪѣ
һòİӵǰʿȴĿӣЩæҡſ첽һƹȥʱԷдһʣɫȴ֪Ӧ乭ŵļ
ʿмּǣ֪ǰŮӲ򵥣Ŀľ֮ɫһСģ˵λǰƯ
ߣɫһ䣬ŵʿһ£æݳԼһ⣬Ц˵롭Ǹֵܣˣպжݣ㲻ڴ˴󹤷ˣǺǣ
ȴǸʿһͷͣģʹᡣԳصһЦٶԣתȥװͰ͵ģӯǶ˺ݺݵһ̧ۣ°ͣæȥ׷ʦ
ʿ͵͵һŮӵıӰ֮󣬳ʿüͷԷһΪֺõغٺһЦ


380 
龪һ֪꽧ʿڶ࣬ʿʿٲҴ󲽷ɱСĶˣǹģ
˱ǳһһ֮󷨵ĳΪС֮Գϵġǣʧǵ㽫һ֪ģδ֪ģһһʮض˵˳
꣬ʦѺ󣬳ΪӣɽչǻԵɺϣһɽһλǰʿĶ
ɽڣķᡣ¶˻ײҴææشŵõ˱뿪ˡ
˵ĵطⲻҪ鿴˭룬ӲδΪϲ񣬶ˡɴܵ˺⣬һʮꡣ
ôȥˣһзƽ˾ΪЩѰͷϡΪˣӱ㽫еĵ⣬˷شĵͷΪΣõһöϣɾͼͼעɾеڣϹɴѰͨ;
ʿʲôǳ֮ǷɣĵʿԪӤڵҲ޼̤գΪң֮ˣңɼһ롣ɾУôһǴ´ĵɽ磬Ϊ֮
ʶʶĳӣ֪еһк󣬲δΪ֮ϲǱŻˡƥﻳĵ̫ײˡһ˿ķй¶˵һССʿˣڵǰѱ
ʮ󣬴ĵɽǷƽ˾ֱòˡɾã˵ĴűΪԼأΪЩǰҲôһֹ۷
ɾٽΪе֮ĵ˴ġ
ʦǰǹԪڵĵӣϴյӵĹܿɣûѴ֮ɽšΪԲͷ󷽣ܿԸԳ̤ɾ֮С
ڸ쾳֮еʿУӵΪӦǵ׵ĵһˣ˶ʲô
Ϊߵ˲һóãҪģټıֶΣţһԻ뿪ɾ¼һЩ
˲˸е־壬һغ󣬳ΪԴ˻ǾԶ֮ΪáʶȥܶԷ
˭룬ԽšţεĻǸһټ쾳УǻײһڳӿҲ̫аˣ
Ըпοǣÿһֵʱһ㿪ˡڣɾֵ֮㽡
ʱĪ֮벻ǣ˾ٷһ
⣬һòʿسʱеĲֳˡҲ벻˾ȻСӱˡݸòģˣɲСӵļ黫թ
İԵøң
֪ȥ֮һɱ¶ЦݡڳӵĶ棬֡
֪֪֪֪Υģ񹲷ߵȵȣΪִšһӦʣſ׳һö
һڵһʱΪ֮𾪣ɾеɾ󵽸ɽϿȣСÿһŵڣͼӦоУʵϸ¡ÿһطֱעֽ⡣
ݳ˵ǸɼǸˣһǶɾָơǸǰˣ˭Ϊν쳣ͬЩ׵ı֮Уˣȥ˺η
һͷʣȴҲֻһԣΪӵ֮ö̾
ǸõٺöѰһΪ˻ˮʱӹöУڴʧѾõġͷ׳Բ飬ǼɶõĻԻԪ֡ﲻ޹޵Ϯ䲻֮ɼһߡ
֮⣬ӻǸɽеõʮƬݷ쾳֮е̡ͬɱ֣ȫƾ˷档ƳǵʱһǼ֣ûһ취
Ӵ׺͵ЦݿһΪ̫ͣǡԪ֡ϵǶԷΪûǽǱ黹źãǴ󷽣еͼҪˣʮĳѽ䵹ǡϵʿſɴҲ˳ˮ顣
ӴһֵܵΪʵǽԪֻ֡ǶԵǸʿĶȤ
ƽĳӣ˼һ󣬻ǽǸصɽڣϸ¼һõöٴѯݷƷţԷҡͷ֪ȴŨ
һδѶԷǳȥ󷨡
ŵʯͷ˵أӱҪֵܽȥѰ꽧ǵó궨ݡ
Ѷ꽧֪һеĶݻЩ졣ӵϾжٲΪ֪ĶӺǺǱЩǸɽãΪ棬Щǰͷ·ȥˡ
һֱʿģһ۷ȥ̤ڵһ裬꽧


381 һ֮ǵ
òѰٶݣһӱߵࡣ
δϰ;лײһ±Էʶƣ㲻ҳ˵⡰Ϊ棬ʿԿƵġ
꽧ʮ￪󣬳Ȳó˶ݣ˼£һмŵӫɢȫѧһ編ơ
꽧ĸʱءԶŵĸɽʣǰࡣ޷ɽУǻӿϮ
ϣ⽧Īй겻ɣ⺹ëˣļµֹһ䣬Ҳóˡ
һĽͬСӿߵŨصĺǴӦǶݵĹЧˣǳǵĺ⻹ʹͷһ
δ߶ԶǰһӰǸڵʿ֢ԴСţ˹ʿһԶԶͣ˽ŲȻȥ
ԭһɫô֮㻺ϥ£ʯٲ
ûж꽧Ǻߵġ˷пʣ˱ôˣ
ʧֻһʬǺǣữһ궨ݰɣЦһꡣ󣬱ٹעǸùʿ
˦䣬˼δػعͷһջĿ⣬ĬĬ̧˽ŲǸί꽧ʿд棬ȴĺΪһ塣
ǰµʯ࣬еֻܿµΡЩʧȥ˻ǵʿһջữʯͷĻһ궨Ҳ˵
ﳤ꽧ѹȥ˰ʮУɼǰиϥʿ
ӵͷƤ飬ɫɷס׷һߣһڵϵӰѵس˵ֵܣƵط֮Ҳ˶٣ôϾľأ
һδǸϵӰȴתŵóһеġ˰ôĶøӰζ
룡ǵ֮˷һ󣬴һ۾ʧĳӣֲмغߵжݣΪҲ꽧дϸһʱ̡ȥ
ʱӲſǰΡǰ治ʿʧ֮ˣǴĸŵʿڴ˴Ӧڵȴ쾳Ŀæһģ
ɽľͷںһƬ޾ϮɭɭǰԶڵʿ˵֮˵ΪŲ㡣ǰȥʿΪߣӰҲϡһЩôʿڴ˴ϮֻΪ쾳Ŀ֮ʱ
һתҪȺȥǵͷȥӵѺã˼Ѱһطϥ
ϵ׸£޵غһһԶҲһᣬ֮ЩԳܣæͳһҩУδóһ궨ݣϡ
һɫ䣬˫ֽӡϢʶҼԶȴǽӵĶ
ҡҡͷһ̧ȥʱǰʱ֣ɫīΩ֮ϮйǺֱʹ˾Ρ
ת»סȫһϢһΪһȴݴս촫֪ǳǿ֧ţٳȰֻ֪
֮Ĵӿļµ䣬ʹĻ겻ĳ˸šͷȥ뿪֮أĪִʹҧǿšжݻ壬ʱݣɳǵĺӿεĺ仹˽ס
ˣٹʱʮ塣ʱ쾳򿪴ţĵرԵǡཫһ졣
εĳڳӵҰοУһš
֪ʱ꽧ľͷͻȻһضɽҡĻζеڶʿһɲȥ
īڵɽͷһ޴Ĺţҫ۵ĹâȻէйճ糾Ѿõ񷱻ͱ˸ǶĿĹâֵɲǣʹ˲ɵñ˫ۣȲٴ
ġˣݴµؼһ䣬в֮⡣һΪǽͷһ㺮˪᳤
Ⱥʶڶʿ׷ŲŲɽͷĹ
ܣһȺǰȥǰУеɽͷĹʢε˲òͫʱӰǹŴһţʹ˵ĽŲڲ֪п
ǰԶ硣ԼϤӰжʱˡԼǼҡȻעĿĻʤѩİ¡ЩӰʧڹâ֮һߵʿȻӿ˲ʩչΣȥ
ֵܣʱ˿첻˳ٰ쾳ٻᣡӴһðͷһ쳣ǰȥ
ǸֵӰʧǰһĽأԲȥ쾳ͨҪһգֺļأ
ߵýˣһߴ±ڶɽľҫ۶ĿĹţһɴСĶڣй⻪ţƵ۾
һת󲻶ʿɫ죬ҴŶڱȥĽԳɣǰŲ
ͷ˲ԶԡǿҵĹУܸеǿԶڴһٴŲһᣬǰȥ
⻪ת˲䣬ǰһ䣬һе˫ŵأæǰԾ𣬲´һʱɫһ䣬¼㣬һԾ

һ䡱һһ֮ʯɽƾˡ


382 
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һǳ̲Զһ̶еͰɽΧܡȻǣǳ̲ϺһݡӲסòªĹβɣŲĵ⣬ŭӡ
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źԶĺˮ߳Ӱ
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Ǳִһתֶ֫ɿǳ̲ϷɳԶ֮˱ǰһͷ̶УˮһӰ
ΣӦǱʿΧ˴󣬽Լ֣Ų׵ǰǷСģֻ̤쾳ҪԸˣֻҲвԵͷӡ
쾳񷻹ӨһƬϵľȴ࣬Ϫˮɽ֣ҲŨˣϢ䣬ܸ֫ٺ泩

ǳһǼʿ̶ˮߣʮɴС̶޲ߣסԹ
̶ˮɲ⣬ƾ֮㣬ҵΪӦԡޣ˸ͬţǰæһǻ˵֮Ǹʿɫ̶ˮţʲԸӣ뵽ʲôȻŤͷȥ
ʱһ˫ŵءԼɱʿȤȴǼԷź£ɵüͷ뿪֮ʱȴ˴󺰡
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ЦһȻ˵㵹֪ҵȵݣԹԵؾͷ
һһʵɾУŵͬڶ࣬ɽΪ
δӦһ˹ЦΪ˵µɾҺɽ˵һڳзԸΥ治ߡ
ʲôʿŭͬ飬һͷҪǬǷ⿪ǲʶôӣ
Էָ֪ΪΣһ뵽ȥéǼʿͷһû˹ʿǱԾԡٰŲΪ֪Ĺ˴εɾ֮УǱأ
ۿŶԷҪԼΧڵ䣬һҡҡͷȴɫһ׼˿ӣȻԶȥ
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׷ûԶǸɽڵʿͬ㬵ͣһԶɵΪ֮һ꣬ɽһʿ⼸æǰݼ
ڴ˴һλߣˡ
ʦ壬˾ŵǲɱҺɽ˵ġ˭ǻˣ˲߲Ϊȴм졭ʿ鹧СӦ
ߣδ֮£й¶ķ߳һ󣬲ģתһȥķ򣬼̶̤𽣺磬ȥ

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Ǽʿʱһģ㽫ʶչȥԼһڵĺʿ֪Ҷ
ΪˣһΡڵʿУκˡڿյʿĴɵ쾳ڣãһѣвԣǳ·Ϊáοˡ˵ɽڵʿʹ
ܳʮһɿȴüͷһ壬ԱΪʱһٿȻͷֳǸߵӰ
ô׷ˣԩ޳𣬺οôͱأһ֮£ֻüǰ񱼡
СӣϷվסߵȣָһ㣬һѸ磬ֱһ󱳶ȥ
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ߣҿӣ߽̤ɽȥ磬ֻǴϢѷһǰ
ȥ·裬һæֹסΣŭλǰزʶΪҪǿۣ
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ϵ˺η֮ɫԶײߵɫһɭ˵СӣȻԸݣĻϲ֮ˡߣϷ飡˵ţɽˡһֱһȥ
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Ըв֮ʱȴһ׻˸ǰʱڰУ״½һζȻ
һָһ㣬Ȼһ׻׷ȥ
ߣСҲŪ
һ䣬һһөĻָ⼤ӭͷײϮĳ׽
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һɫһ䣬־ĳ׽ͬһʶɫĻнڡĳ׻ʧ˻һ㣬תۻһȥ
ϧ׽ʶб㴫̰Ĳʡⲻͬʶ룬ǿнһĻǣʶɱˡ֮µһ̧гǰɽ˼
䣬׽ѲڣөĻ긴ֻƻĻ棬ڲΪһŵĻ̌ЩʧСŪ˵ɣһзΨڵΪʩչССӣл·𣿡


383 Ʋ
ںϵʱص棬˲㽫һֻ޴İצΪҽԭˣһԳ˿Լ뵱Ȼǵ͹ʿֶΡӦ֮ߡΨ֮ƣԴв
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ݻòһɫ䣬Ωź⡣ܲô࣬Ȼѵж֣ӲҲҪӣ׳Ƭ߷һ㼱Զɱ
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վΣһҪʱɵͷ࣡ʱݻòǱģǱݣִµıԣֻпѱ硣ôһͣٵĹǺѵ
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״һ̾һֻ߿˵ɽĪ֮࣬һСĪǼλͬҪֲɣ
ưˣʹߵɫһʿɫҲÿλʦֵܲ˵ʲôֻܰԲޡ
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֪Է⣬һסܵͷȴڼߣλѣ
Ůӳʾ⣬δ𻰣ǰһЩͷع˹֣˵ŵ壬ǡʦ;˴һתҲº֮࣬˵ʦã쾳ȥΪһЩ˵ȵ󹤷㿴
Ŀ˵ļƣȷǺ߸ڨڨЦ£ЩȤغһߵļˣȴסϢЩʧǰŮӡ
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ʦöԼĻδÿɷ˴ɫҪȴǵƳһۺߣת׳ߵǷ˵λͬλλѣ㷽ζпѽ˵ţ䣬ǳһԵһ¶Ц
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Ҫɱһʱ⣬ֻΪй¶ԺɽڲƲΪСӣĪ֮వһ̤𽣺磬ﳤȥ
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Ǹ˵ŭЦ˸ҡͷƼʲôɥһ㣬ָһŲĿʲôƾ͵Ϯɱʦܺ󣬷ƨ죬ˣޣ㲻Ǹ߲Ϊ𣿻浱ԼǸǰˣ
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δֹһȻޱ飬ΩֱۻӶâһҲԷѳƬʬףɽֶȥֱǱ֮ˡ
곤Ǿʧɫ֮ʣɽǹ­ȥԴ֮ｦԶȥ
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385 ֮б
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װģһѺ룬ŴʯͷЩŵӯһգ۾⣬ҴƴģǴδɱˡ룬˸Сƿ˹ȥ˵ˣⵤҩЩô˼ˣǣ
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ӯ㲻֪䱯ԵɣһҲܡ£˵ִ֡󼴿ɡ
ӯ̧ͷɫдżֺɣ˵ִǴ䣿
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ӯò㿡һ˫۾ˡδ˵Ƕһѽ¶š
һŮӣƣʿ˴⣬˵ûᷢʲô뵽˽ڣһεЦЦֻƵƤϣЦЩѿ
Ѱȥ֪ӯһʵ
ִòȴǸˡӯ˿Ҳ࣬˵ʦɢȥǣ˵˼ң
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âתȥִ粻Ӱ֪󷨵ãΪԷοӯóҩ£ĿϢ
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ǰǬĶһѡʯֽҩҩݵﱻһеһƣŵ֪Ƕڵʿһѻˣֻһö
ˮ߻ƵЩͷصĹȴһǰһ⡶ˮǶڵĶŹɣʶУֻһˮǼ̺üǡ
Կɻ壬бˮ֮ܡǲñˮһƾŻܣˮҲԱݡֻǣˮ߲㣬ûڵ桢ڿǰڡ
⡶ˮֻһСȴ֮߶˷󣬿ɻˮΣʹˮж硣˷ž棬һԡ
ˮأ쾳еĴ룬ȥյ·̣˴˴֮Ѱҫ쾳㲻ԶˡͼĺôƾԼϹѰǰĳľҲ治嶫ϱ
Ũһʧʱʱüʶ漴־ĵâԶֳӯ
ִ磬ɾе棬Ҳػ֮ҵȻãһȥ󷨣ӯְл
һЦЦʾԷض񣬱һʩչǰСʹӯɸϡ飬ķȥ

쾳ľͷһ㣬ر룬ɽŵɽϿһ˹ͺͺɽ֮ϣһƵĹͱ֮⣬ֵǵãã޼ʣ˽µȥ·
˴ҫڣǵԻ˶ɡͨ쾳ıؾ֮·
֮վһȺʿΪ߹ұƽ˫֣ƮϿĬȻ
ҵһ˴˶ɣֱ쾳˵֮һߣǺɽڽ𵤺ڵĳϴɡһߣΪߣͬΪ𵤺ڵʿҲǰһ˵µӽ쾳ֻһ£
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۾зǹŹЦݣЦһδұƽת۹ɨλϼԶˣɫһ˵ҫԲ֮ڣͼӽ֮ˣΪҺɽ֮С˳߿һΥɱ⣡
ɵĿɫһ£ʵǰйԺƹ붨ڿһ棬ŵʩػӣ˽ԲöԸ
мغһұƽ͵Цݣ˵Ǿ֮ǰ˶ϰƾҺɽڵϣԼʮλʿǲӣ
߻񣬺߸͵ıֻ꣬һپȫԺĴģҺɽڶ𣡡
ǺһЦұƽҡͷ˵Ǵ˾ٵ֮ذ
ɫĴɣĿѵֳֳ޵۲ΰԣ
Щǵ˵δҵͽ޹
λΪ߳λȨأ»ظˣϹұı֮Ĺұƽֻÿοķţ˵ŵС


386 ޳
һɽ֮ϣվӣʲô
˽ʮͷͣһŰɫưƳһ۵ͬţת
Ŵ˻ѶʦǰӦԶʲô鷳ֻҵ˴˴ΪβλӰأƽľԶˣ쾳֮ʱͬš
ڵĴûߺãڴɾʱʱ顣ƽյ籵Ϣ˵ʦ⣬ؽͬŵǺ˲ˣæҴҸȴûӰ
ʦ֣ǽʦǰ˲⣬ҸǺðƽŲΪǰǿУʦֵ˸ȻŪûὫǣȥ
һԵšʾֻ̾˲ΪλʦǰԸеһͷ˵ˡ
ƽС˼ľԶбģȴǵһЦ˵ʦ˵ҷͷѰһ
ɫЩңƽæ˵ͷȥѰǱֶַ֮ҵ񲻳˴סס
λʦ֡ƽͷҲص˵ʦҪ¡
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ԶһƬʯԣð籵ӰȴǱŸˡľԶɫһ䣬ԼͬΣֱ˹ȥ
ƽǽ³Ŀ˱𴦡֮⣬һһŮİˣͬΪ߲ʿ԰ģλͬѱԶæʹһе׷ȥ
ʿĿѣԶԶ籽ģȻˡ仳֮ˣĪɣľԶҵ˹ȥľԶʦ㣬ʦҲ
⼸˵ľٶʹԶһһŮ˽Ų

ִ磬ܿ⼸˵𣿡ǰΣ°׳ȹŮӿʵһ۵ʿɴͣɫ˵ڵʿ
һӯϵ˴ʱǡڵļˡ
ǰȥ·һ˻ر֮⡣ӯ״˵ִ磬ڵˣ˳ȥΣܳҲӦ֣ͬ
еΪȣŮӵΪ˵ҲֻĲǼͬšһɫľګӯѴԽֻڵĸȥ

籵ɫЩ԰ףǻһ˿Ѫ鸡ģȴǽŻѵʦ֡ԭĵѲȴǶ˵ģ
ãռͬţ籱ʦԲ߳߾ʦܣʧһλζ
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лʦܣ籵лŽ֮ƻڵϡֻǿŻбĿѵʦ˳
Ǻǣʦ㲻ؼ⣡ƽջ˽ʱһЦѵΡľԶȴǵ˺籵ĸǰżס˽ŲæȥʵʦôˣΪĹС
ƽŸеԼľֹЩʱˣЦݣǰȥʵʦΣ
˵ʦ쾳
쾳֮󣬺ʦʧɢδ˻ҡʦһһɽĶѭ˹ȥʿΧһѨʩչֶΡ
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һʮģӣ˦һŷֽһĻ붴Ѩ˭ǶھͻȻһɺֻ˲Ϣ㽫ҵĻ𡣴һڣ޼ƿʩҡҡͷ类һչ˵λŴɵĵӣĪĶ޲Ȥ
ǰʮԶĵϣһĶڣǰԲôһѨһЩСҵʯ˵ķɽʯмֵͦ󣬿ǺĶڻӣδʲôܳ
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ֻǣѨǽޣ֮ʱȴ֮֮£ԾԾԡ
⼸ʿΪߡ˲㲻ȣΩǸ˵ǾŲ֡ǺΪףԼɽڽޱƳѨ
̰ʮа˾ŻһֻһɵĸԵֻϧ⼸ѣù͸


387 ֮
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⡢ⲻǽޣǽڡ˫ᡭǰǸ˵ӣʱǴʧɫſڽࡣ
ڣͬΪϹޣԱŰϲʮֵ͡˫ĽڣͬʿһĴڣǼʿԶԸġ
˴֮£ˡ籰⣬ʵԡʱȥü
һɶ೤Ľڣ˫Ᾱǡˡ졣һļкƣŤ£Ǻ˵㣬ֻݿؼ䣬¡
Ĺʢ˵ͷƣεĺӿͷҧٲгɣŤͷܡ󣬴

·μӿ죬ͷҲһأʶУеĽ˺𣬱û˶
ݵ伮أڶټ죬ȷɽֻգ۹һˣѵС֮˹˲࣬ɢȥ籽߾ȫ񱼣꣬ŵáˡ
ǼϢĹ򣬽һɱʿ֮󣬱׷ӵĺ籡
֪⣬εĺ籣ֻ׳ɽȥ

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ǡһ죬󣬺Ǿϲӣʦ
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ׯƵĵӣΪڵʿΪ˲ºͣΪǵľءЩԵʣϾ̫ߣ˭ҲС˵κһˡ
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˵ڵصĺ籣ʦȣɿʱȴǾһ
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ڲԸݣ׷ᡣǰѣϮǿʧæ׳һһԵ
ƾնô򡢱С׶ܵЩӦԲϾӻ֮ź籣ҵѡ
˽֮źһɳȥв֧µķɽǻδ֮ʱһͷȥ
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ŵĵѣӯһ°׳ȹŲʧΣƽǰһǺһЦǰ˵ƽɾżǻԵڰ
֣㲻ľԶȴƳһƽ̬ݣȴɫعΪ˵ľԶѣĿһԵһϣҪһ䡣˹ű鼸룬أԿԶ֪ʲôɫдż
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Ǻǣǹŵȳ尡ƽһ䣬ŵؽӹƿתź˵ŵĵҩӦǲͬ졣ΣԿɱʦľ֮ҲֹΣⷬ˵ĵҲ
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ιµҩһ̺ϵĺԼȴ˫Ŀգ̽ʦɫٴνҡͷ˵ѵĽⶾӦΪҩɣȴǽⲻ֮ʦϢٵȥΣӣǺѽ
ˣϾйϢ⽻֮µĺ籣Ѫɫ
ͬѣȴ޲ߣľԶ߷߽ӣֻܶͬųƽȴģƽسӯ̾һƬİֻϧ
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388 ֮
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ݻòһģʵÿƽ˵ǰûɫ
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ӯȴǶһ䵭Ϊ裬Щڴ˵ִ磬Ϊǲߣʶֶȴ˹Ŀ࿴λǰΣ֪ߣ
ԭλŵֵѣʧƽʧʱزһ䡣ľԶǰ⣬ʿЩݣȻҲ˵İ
ߣһƤһƽʾãżϡĺ룬ź类еҡҡͷ˵֮ʵְ
ƽѿӯǸȻһЦ˵λִ粢ҵͬţ;ż˭δ˵꣬һЦ𡪡
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ƽ޷ŵǫ񣬾ǴϷʵĿǳԵЦһŵĵҲǣһΪƽ֮ˣԼķҲźڵĵǰװģǿɶ
δ뵽֮ˣ֮ʣӯԼ֮ʧΪִ鷳ҪȰο֮ʱһޱغߵССɣ˵Ҳգ
Цһƽп˵ССɵʿѰĽⶾδ֪֮Ƿеġ嶾ǺǣǿЦ֮˱п֮
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пܾһԹֻۡǽϹޣ֮Ѱҩɽ⡣֪֮ΪԼĪȴһֱһƿҩ
ƽĻﲢδһ뵽ƿҩ
ǽⶾһӯĲ죬еĵҩ˹ȥ˵ⶾѰĵҩͬﲻȥһԣܲܽλǰϵĽ֮Ҳá
һϵĽⶾ˶ɽΪԪʦһֱߣ罫ˡƽĻŽҩóһԼĽⶾȣһЩ֮ͬ
ѰĽⶾУᵽŨҵ㡣һĵҩȴζ޳֮ɵȴһ΢ɲĽƣ赲ʶĽ룬ܸܵǿ
ԪʦŴ棬Ѱ֮ֱգһԴᡣķ͡콣֪ڵĹȣҪǿϲֹһأⶾǷƷܽ˾ﾡðɣ
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ִȻؽ֮ˣӯΪ籵ǰ˵²˳٣ŵùӯǲҪεźð
֪λŵʵ⣬еҩһԣΪһʶľԶǸмصͷʾͬ籵ϴۣҪ˵ʲôȴ̧ͷȥ֮˽ԻգֻԶӯǷһϲõľ
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һƮƮӰĿ⵭ӹˣӯף´䣺Ѱˡ˵ŻĿȴڶһϣǾǴ޵Ц⡣
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״ƽ˽Թȥڳưݼǰ
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λǰĪǱӵĻƽֱòǰȥʹ˽סȥעĿǶ˵Ӱ
֮λอдһסӦΪŵĽⶾ֮ٲʩչֶɵ֣ǻˣ
֮ʣóһƿҩǳź˵СأȥҲ鷳ЩµҩһԵϢʦϵĶ԰ɣ˵ţ˹ʹϥá
ʦã˲ԶѰοڴ˵󹤷أһֱճ߲Ըȥѵõ֮ȻŹȴҲ˴š
Σʿ֣ʦ£Ա㣡˵һߣָ̧ڶԷ֮ϣ㽫侭֮С
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389 ٻ
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ߵ۹ӯϣʵλѷµĵҩӦԲӯ֣֮ⵤҩȴа
˵֮ӯæִĵҩǸʦأҡ
ԶһĹﾾź룬һĿɫ
ͽܵһһ۽̧ԭתȦһ겻ģȻ״Զ˵ԭλִֵѰлˣ
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µҩأ˫Ŀաǣһҩɢһ̣ɫȻ
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֡ĵҩԺδ˵Ч

ʱתȫͨϢ԰׵գһѪɫ
֢޴󰭣ʱһй˵ĺ籣ʱ۾ʦκתϲ֮ԱæлľԶˣͬһΪ֮ҡƽȴǰһ鹧޲ذݵƽлǰʦ壡
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ƽһֻͣڨڨЦţľԶԶǸʿ
ֵѡڼˣӯһ
ˣ˽Щ졣ôһòɵŮӣһģʿȤ
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⡭Σ֮ʱҲǰȡһӣ۹ɿƲ֧
Ҿ㣬Ϊʶֵܣɫ䣬Ωǳԡ
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ʦãҡһ˲ĥеΣæ׷ȥ
һĬȻ΢΢ĵϼԣǰֻǣһʱ˵Ӱð˳ƽŲӣһ
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ΪҪ˵һüʶǹЦ
ʦйˣľԶ£˵Ҳ˹
ƽЦҲ֪ʹ˺ֶΣԵŵĸˡϧ˼Ҷˣһˡûѣ㻹Ӳʲôأ
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ľԶƳһۣһǰƽкâ˵棬Ầ˵ģ
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ٻᣬΪ֮
δ䣬ǵɫӰ̣ٿȻԶȥ
ÿ죡̾һʿʩչʱ¶࣬ԿߣһĿȻԴˣһԵľԶΪȻĪǣΪ
ļޣƽԳҡҡͷԶȥӰмغߵ飬ҪӶݣ


390 ֮
һƬռز֪ķ棬˵һƬʶҲͷɽ֡ɽƣʹľֲβӳвд̨ͤ¥ûУء
˴ڣȥ쾳Ľݾ쾳Уһصĵط
һɽ£һŻۡεˡ˫ü絶ǣݵϣ𣬴޵Ц⡣һɵϽ«һڣչĿĹˡ
˴˵ʿǱʶƻ˵ǳ鷳ʶһ˻ָ˱ģˣóɾͼֲ鿴һ飬ʩʩȻǰȥ
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棬˿ͷһһɫȴ漴ɫɽʯʯףߣպݵһ˶ССŲɽȥ
ɾͼУϸء۴һһľΪ˷ɣ˱ʣȥˣδٻĽд档˴Ȼǿ֮أ벽Сġ
ʮɸߵľ֮䣬ƶȥʯ֮ϣһǰУɽּеˡֻǣ˼˷ʣת޾ļȣϢĳơ
ʶɢȥľɽʯ֮䣬ԼɱƵһɫȴǾ̾ѣ⳶ΪɽΪ֣ǺεȵĴͨ
ʱȷɽݣһӿ˽ŲԼĪʮɽޣµ·ȴǽƽ̹ȴǰּӰפ
ǰԶդΧŵĺһ԰ԡïʢľУ¶ƵķһǡһȦиԶĵطʿ˽æʾ⣬ɾĻԣλѿȤѽ
ʿŲΪβ²⣬ӦǷֱԲͬСšһ˹ȥԷ֣˵λڴˣĪǷʲôöɣ
͸ԼĪһ˶ߣʮɵһȦդɫĳ˻ݣδǰ㡣һ£δʶõĵرĪЩֻ˵֮ʹûԵԱȫ
λ֪Щ滨˵֮ǷƷƼûУ÷ǻʱ򡭡һɫڣݵӣʮģСӡʣĭĽŪżʶ
һĿⲢδ÷֮ϣٴһȦĴʶ֮ܵǿķڡ԰ǿĽƣѰʿԽӽģǻԭɡ
÷ڷ֮Уһ׻Ө͸ΪĿɾĳУЩС֪˶ã಻֪ʱŻ㣬ʱŻ
ŻԣһĿһ÷ĲԶһͰСïʢĻУ׳ϣѵĴҶ졣ǣϾ
˶ɽϾģһӡǲǵһеСϾûϾ
ֻǣûϾǹδӵʱ򣬻Ͼѱժȡö֪Ȼ֮ʣһþòһԵੲݣ˳˼С
ϾΪɾС˶ĪԴ˴Ԫ۵ԪʦɾˣһʿԶʿĴģΪʲôʦ뿪ĵʱַʲô
Ԫʦ״ʹһ뵽ķ롶콣ԼŴδĽԼѰһЩͷȴ漴ãȻ
һĪһ̶Ȼʹ
˼ڤֻȻһҡҡͷнƴڣڵΪԽ롣ڴ˵󹤷򣬵ǰС˵ⲻڴˣǣ

Ƭɽּ䴩У֪Уȥա;Ҳͬʿһ鷳ԾԶ֮
ɾа֮ãʴˣһҲż·ѵĸأС
תһɽ£ǰһݵĹȵء﷽ԲɽȣԴĿΪľʯɵʯǰվʮʿһڴš
벻ײôһȺˣһҪܣ˲˶
ʦܣ
֮£һֹֻסΣſȺ˹֣ڵ˹ȥ
ųкݣǰߵҲڡһĸƵǣһЦ֣ԴޱҲȺС벻ڵʿյһֻİŮӡ
δǰһ˹ּ񣬿ڳƼǰͬšݻ¶ЦûӦֻ°ֱȴ˵Ȼ˴һͬаɣ
ͷ΢㵣һ̧ȥȴһתȥһԵ֣ԴЦдмΪѰ˳ҶԵ⡣İŮʲô
Ůȣ˫üȻޣףѰŮӶ˷ӢߵķŮͬòж˷
⾹ڵʿŮӦڵΪǰʮУǰ֮µһͷһ˿ɬεӣݵǰǡ
ʦܣ벻㰡ݼΪصģ˵Ļȴһüͷֻ÷ܵңǺǣ
ңԶ֣ԴһЦһָ˵ΪʿƾһʱֻǿһɶһΪȻ񣿡
˿һüһҲǸɫɫس֣Դǣ˵ΪȻ
һС׷ɱҲΪ㻹ôõȻ۰ͰֻѰ֣ҳɱ֣ԴƳһһɱһûغһתŮӣºģ
֣Դ˵һ뼸ڵͬ˸Цûݺ
ԭݸͬһշתˣ⴦ɽŮӡԷǺƹʿǶɽȤһͬ̽档ɽ˵Ķʲôڣδ֪סڵĽƣʹüλǰǷѡ
Ǹߴһʿ黣ͬڵ֣ͬԴڣڵλʿһǿƿڽơѯƹŮ޲顣
Ǻλʿڿ˼ƣʹݵæ˿
һԶԶһԣȴŶǰĶϰ󷨼Ҫ󷨽Ʋһ֪󷨽ƽ֮ϰ˻֮ȡ֮á仯ɽǰԼɱڣԶڣǿƽ䷴֮С


391 ֮Զ
ȳ֣һһ촫һɶߵĶںâҫƽˮ淺Ť֮£ǺɽȥҪ˵ǰʧһ㡣ֻǣϢһɡɫʯ̨֮ϣĶھ糣ʲôûз
ʦ㣡˵Ķɣ˵Ľǲûٵأ˵ǷŮӣʦײ˴̽Ѱһ˭ϱڽ裬ǡڵļλͬԭɺ黽Զġ
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ʦҪ꣡Ƕֻ´лһԿȨ˷ʶŮ˵ţɫΪĳ쾳󣬱ʧɢҲֻУòôһڣȴԽ룬ʵΡ
ĵԼǣܻ֮ƽ֮ģ֣ԴΪѵغǺһЦһԳ԰ο
Ƴһò׵֣ԴЦʾͬöԷֱͦɫԵá
һδ֣ܵٻطɽԲ޵ػٴγ֮ʱ˵
¹ΪԶ˽Ƶвԭһɡֻҵȹһ㣬ȴǣƵȫǿƽĺĹĳԽ֪֮һԱķӣ
һ˴ʮ֮⣬Χʯǰıλǰ˵֮ɽżλͬͷʾ⣬㾶ԾϹʯ̨ףǶڽˣóһԲ
ǰҪ뼸¶⣬һȴǿסˡ󷨼Ҫ֪ڶĲ֮óһ̣Ϊֿ࣬ɵƣǼΪѵõıѰศɣɼ֮
පԶվϸϸ£ֽ漴ɿһ־ֻϹâಡһǶ붴ڵϽǡ
ĵˣĿתؿʩΪ֪˾ٺ֮ʱȴɽŤű㴫졣
Ƶһǣȴ޷ٵ½̷֮ʱȫ֮
ͻȻһ̧гɽ¼ᣬűɽ
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ѷɽҫâݺڶڵĽ֮ϡںģ̶ŤζţϽǵ̲Уطֹػĳ֮СֻɲǣɽɽڣľɽȣһɲŭˣȻ
䡪
ĺһ쳹أϵȻŶǰһȺɶȥ
Сĵһ˺󣬴˿̸ǲҵƱٵ˲䣬һѴʮԶ
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߾ɽܴء˵ʮ⣬վҡΣɫڶΪ͵ԵʣȻǴʱȻˡ
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ⳡ֮ȴǿڵˡڲԶԹۣȴΪޣƷ֮Ϯʱֲܣѵжˣ
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ȿȡģδվΣ߿ȳһѪδ˵ǻٵˣ
δɴϥȥžδģ
֣ԴЩǱȲ򶴿ڣ漴¶ϲɫһҪʯףȴĿ˵֣òƿƣȴءЪϢһ£붴һ̽٣˵ţߵķŮӣʵʦã
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֣Դ£ͣ˽Ųλʦֵβ̫ãȴ޴ɵðҡ
Ƴһʬף֣ԴЩȥСԶԶվţºúõġ
˫ֵһλӵʬҡͷʲôؾ֣Դһۣ°̧䲻ᡣͬڴˣһʱҲ¶ԷѰ˵ˣûΪһڵʿҪɱԼûôס
˺ϤⲻЩʧ߻˿֮ɫ߹ֵʬףһϾģԸ⣬ǶĬĬͷһԣϥµϢ
ߵļ쳣һЩ㵡
黣ԼŮӣزͬЪϢһƵǣΨǸ֣Դͷʮ㣬ȻڽƷУδ̫ĲߣһЩİһʱ뵥ȥɼȻΪڵӣ˾µĶȥ뱳ɽҲûʲôͬ
ϹĥţһĿⲻɵǸڣɫɵһԭһɴСĶڣѰɽûʲôɽƱ֮󣬶ڵϷȻӵּĪء
˶ƣĪأĪضν⣿
֪һڵı仯߽ԲԼ̧ͬȥĿͻȻֵּϣȻ
֮Զ̣˼Ī飬ǧء
һʶƮ޶֮Уֵɢȥ֪١һ㶯Уаٰ繡飬һ̾أ˶Ʋȥʹ


392 Ůǧ
һɴ۾ȲѡһŮӵɽ⣬Īǻþ˽ˣǶڳȻڳİ˽ߵĳ
֮Զ̣˼Ī飬ǧء
ǷŵٴһŮӣжԵǵĳʹһûɵ̾һ漴ѹȴ˽һĪĳ֮СΩŮԺãȴһԹ
˼Ī飬ǧءҡͷڷšǳУ԰Ρ
һУһֻú󼹱亹ð˳ºһһеԶ˴ɶϴĻʹɵó
˸ֻԵˡ껨ֻԵδ
Ƿֺ˵Ļһˡ仰͸޾ڴϲãǺɤöУġġģʹԽɵ֮ЦƶŲ
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ߣѹ˲ˣͷɽȥΨһ黸ǲسʯףʦ֮󣬲ŷԷɫǣǽŲơ
һСܵرɽһ⵽֣ԴڶǰǻšһɽǰֻʣԷˡ
һԳҶƬ̣ͷ岻֣Դҧҧһ޺޵һۣתɽ
һ̤ʯף״ľɽȡӨ׵£ɽ죬ǼеϮܰˡֻǣǰʮɷԲ֮ڵΪĿǷҵ̲ݣǵѪʹ𷽲ŵľɵ⡣
תɽӳġĪء֣ٻʲôǴߴӻؼңĪأŮӵɤԵĹƻ֮⣬֪޴ӻرܡ
һˮȴƲסĵ嶯ú󣬻̧˽Ų
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һɽ²һʮɴСͷһڣ֪ȥδ
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˵ɤŶ죬ӦǰŮӡĻƴ͸¶޾ĸлɣʹ˶ݡֻˡڵϣԲ
λˣΪβδ䣬˽Գһ
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ߣԵˣöÿһϴԱ⡣ϴȥǧȶңΡҾˡȥԶٲȻ˵ȥˡ
ˣ˿ʧšһȴǾʯһʯһᡣ߳Ļ֮ϣһòӣٷԶбһֻ׺ëʤѩ̬ɰһ˫۾鶯쳣ڶɽеÿһˡ˫֮Ķͷ֮ϣСһ죬ԵΪ졣
˻е˶ӡӵӰʶһˡϤİһҡͷɻ֮ʱһö𡪡
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һɴŮӣһĶһͷڷ٣԰𪾫µݣ޾ˡ
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˴£żŮӾǳУ磬ΩһϮɴҷأȽȽ
ѽԷһ̾һԵģôһ޲ɷӣĽ̾硣˸ǲ֣Դɫ죬˫۷Ź⣬಻Ҵ

ǧõŮӣ˵鲻Ϊ⣬ʯǰֱָ̧ۡСɵĵƿһЦɨˣ̴˵ҼǼǴأϴֻ衣ȴаˣɵ˭ء
Ů¶ΪѵɫüĿ˰̬ĺ¶ɴߣʹĶѽ
ĩβһŮԶһЩֻǣˮ⿴һݴδ룬Ļ¶ţԳ֪֡Уڶϳ֮ʣϮԣֱƮƮɡ
֪һһҧƣһѪֱš£ɫ䡣


393 
ӣĳҪҩǰ಻סֻ˶Ǿɵĵƿ֪վ̰޴룬ɵǺЦšһԵ黣˫˫ɫ죬ֱðֻս˫ȭڴŴǿ֣͡ԴȴһŮӹһ񣬼͵˵ӣ֪֣ĳԵ
һδ۾ǶǵƿϴϴȥǧȶңΡĪǣµҩسɡ
ԵעһɿաΪǧأҲգһԵλ԰꣬ɵȥǧõĴǴЦһͣ٣¶һ˿Ȼ㲻źۼһӶһЦ˵ͬΪŮңԵɵ
ǧףֻƿӯС
ѽлֵĽҧ촽ϲؿеƿл
˵ɫȻȴ棬۲ŮӵĸԵֲʵǧµֻƿ
еƿǧõΣɫ͸һ˿üͷĽģʹ˲ҷֻ۰Ͱ͵ڴţڴԵĽ١һ̣ɽڼžš
͡һǧõ̧סЦ̣ȴǴһʱĳơЦ⡮ϴɵΪɾ֮뼰̷ſɽɾ֮ϴȥһٳأˣһöɵλԵ˰ɣ
ǧû⣬ᷭƿٶȻ𣬾ǳһȥ
˾֮ʱȴһȻȵλӣ²Ҫɵ
ŶұҪأ˭ϲϢⰡǧ̴ڰţɫ⣬ȴǴƤģЦһдĪζʹ˵壬
ƿ˵ǰɹͬǰԵôߣ˵ųԵĹâԼͬץȥ֣Դ黲æǰֱ̽ۡݣǲԾԾԡȴ߬ŵƿЩ֪֮⣬ֻʣǧһŶ
ǧȤؿʧ̬ˣɵ¶ϷʵЦݡ̧ͷȴһɫ䣬ͬģָ̧ߵķңоǴɻһֵԹ
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ߣ㲻ɣûԭȽС΢ģûٷתԲ˫ĿԲãɽӭȥ
顪
ɽĶδеľңֻǷһ졣ǵƿ裬ûм𣬶ƻͷƮƮȥ
ɽнƴڣȾֱܳǡԵʱɣ˵ķǧò޶Ե֣Թƻ
֣ԴҲ಻סԼɽȥתۼ䣬ҶһšɽڿײƵԵʣһ졣ˣɵֻ֣ܡΪԵʣݲ岻ֻ֣ԭظżƯڰеĵƿʱʱض̾Ϣ
ʿϣвٵӭֶΣʱѬ֮£û˹˵ֻ࣬ƴΪֻƿ
ϣңļͷɽѪڶһƬѪ㡣أڵΪȴ߲£ռˡ
߻˫ۣ֮һĺ磬ɷ쳣ĽԾץƿۿűҪóѣ˭ѷɽ¡

һҺķɽߵСһʹһ͡˲ϵƣһץƿȴʱһܡ
󵨣ٴգ԰֮ʱһѷɽ͸˻˴ȡͷ֣Դ͵Ϯǳ⣬ɽ˹ȥ
ߵƱҪһЩõ֣ԴӦġ״ͷֱеĵƿȥ
֪ǻλƵĵƿݵͷҲ룬һ
룡
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ʶ֣Դͼȴ̵ŭһָһ㣬ɽХȥ
黡֣ԴǴŭһСɸһڶʳûȥԼͬţʱ顪
ԴһԵһʱɫ״˫üȴ͵ر˫ۡ
Уĵһֱ͸ݵѪĽУλڵŵӣǲͬŵĳС
ͨһݵʬ׹£δǵļ⣬Ǽǵƿٴηزһ

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ʯ齱ߣǧõϴźӰ棬Ƕ˵֮䣬һ㡣Ǿµ磬ȴԵõص㶯š
һվţǧһЦ˵ԵĲ㿴λ㣬ɵϴȥ̥ɾ塣ƣϴȥǧȶңΣΪξͲأ㲻볤ʲôѽĺ񡭡
ͨһ׹ڵأս֮УԱٴγΪͬеһԩꡣ
ɾУ˵Ķ֮ڣֻ֪֮·
ʱһɫࡣ޹ǧãҡҡͷһԣŶԷ˹ȥ
ףûɵϣȻѰҪѽǧ̯˫֣¶ɫȴ˵Ҫ̷ɵʾһĪҪ
һСľֹ쳣ɫɵҪ£֦
һǣѪһڡҧ⣬ʹ֪ǰļֻһԡ
ˣɵҲգһĶ˵һ󣬽²ͣ
һȴ޵غߵһСԣ
Զ˲ᣬһǧá
֮ò֮оֹĺ񡭡ҪǧõɫòЦݲʧ
ס֡
һȻֱʯȥ


394 ֮
ɽУ񷶥ĵǹ֮£ǰеˣΪһֻƿɵڳ
ʬףһԱƹʯ齣ĽŲܳȡǧõŮӣһʤѩɴ˵Ŀһ˫Уʵɫʱŭһֻֿš
ס֡
ǧǲ²⵽һ⣬ֹ֮ʱԷ磬ֱʯȥ
һȣʯе˽һע֮ʱȴܵӣһСо޴롣
ǧǰԶʱһȻϵʯɲǣǽǻУκֱͣɽһĶǰٿȻת
˫δأһɿɨһеĻᣬץסڱ俴ԶһŭǧãһԲ
ʱǧãȻ˫ȴɷɫѲȴŭʹظ΢΢һ˫֮Уû׽ȣǶ֮⣬ʹ˲ӡ
֪ΪΣɽںⶸǼͣǱˣأԶ־۹ȴһ˴˴ŷŵС
ٴζеɵһʱ֮䣬˼̷µҩͷ
꣬һˣĿһǧõϡ
Ǹڲǳ㡭ΪβӰǧϵɷˣǴ޹ģȴǱ鷢ңɫעһ
ʱĶڣܳȥ𣿡һڵһ䡣
ǧһʵ֪Īءĺˣ
֪һص
ʧ䣬ǧ᲻֪أ˼Ī飬ǧءĪأĪأĪ⣡ĺ񡭡
Զ׷Уһǧ̾Ϣһ˼ƻתüһʵΪҪ˵Ļأˣ񣿻ҡɺã
Լ˭ǧ˵˼أһΪ˷񣬺ο಻ʱ˷ǱԻǣ³֪سɵɵţֻ˰ˣɱ֮ĶˣԼֻΣһУΪֹֻΪʱ
һǸ߸ϵӣһǷ׼ССʿһðν³Σö֪ɴŽҶһԣܴʱأ붴֮ʱĽƱ٣ڵĽڣҲ˵붴֮ˣҲܴԭ·ء
һ̣һ԰ûڣȴҲֻɽڵջ˾޴Ǹ˱㲻סֻһֱһСġΪߵɾ֮У˴ڡ
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һǻаǨŭһϣ֣Դŭһ֪ĶӵĶŲҴ˿̱㣿
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Ľã֪֣ԴһĶԹȴη壬һʱ಻ҳֹȴϤ˼ã˭ɫһڣ˵㷽͵Ϯʱնһת۱˰ɣһĶԹˡҲٲ֣һ֮𣬺ߣնӱ
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ԭˣԷԼһСǰǻָĶڣһεתеĻᣬǧ˵ҽˣ
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״ɽڵЩͿ֪ǻᶨΣȴǲһΪҪһѣ˼һָͷ㰡
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396 
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ʱߣ˿ֻ֪ǣһǰһ
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ʦԲһ֣ҵĶԹڲòְɣߵĻͷֺ֮ӡ
״ΪԼ˵һеЩ⣬˵֣Դʳܲ׸ɣһһ˵˹޻˵
̶óǻᣬתһֱɫǧã˵ٲƴ򿪣˻ᣡ
һɴɱ֣ԴλʿϡǧǾ׵ϣȻ֮󣬱㻯һԵĽաһ˫ǹ֮УԾŵģǾįȻвᡣ
Է׵Сʿò˵ƣǾֹмֵ˵ķɡĪǣ컯Ūˣöʹڽս𣿹ǰΣĵ˽ʱͷ˰Ĳأ⣬ԣ
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һæ۹ӻ̧𣬿ǧó˵Ȼƣˡ˵ţ֮ٵ

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㡭ƭң֮£ǧúɶһϮɴҷ𵭵Ӱһֱ׷˹ȥ
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ǰвãɽƶͬһ¶ȥ⡭֮еһез紵˲࣬һͷȥ
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ƽԶ̴ЩһɫǧÿŻᣬ׷˼У׺ѽ


397 
һֻ꣬ɽҰһֻǧУյûΣһżУɾ֮ȴʷޱ䡣
һգѣպ񷣬ɾҡҡ׹Σ֮УǸͦΪһУΪİŮˣϧͬھѪһؼΪ׳ľ졣
һʱ˫Ŀ࣬ѪӿǸɽۣ֮ǻ֮У޷ˣһǰҪԼˣһ
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ǧõĳϣȴֲ̻ǧСȡǧõһξѪ뻭֮ϣһƷػ֮ͶȻȻĻ档
һ̣ضȼգΩһʣ˵Ļڿд졪
غֻΪԲתΪˣ
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֪𣿽գ״γˮζ˵飬ʶΪҲǧѳɣ಻һֻɺԸغ֮УܳѱԣֱԲֻأΪˣ
Ц绨¶ֻǣˮµһ㻯˵ȾУֻܣʧӰ١һޣֹޡʱǧãǼį̫ãǶĺ壬һʱԳ֡
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һֱСģΨʴˣԽ䱸һǧˣⲻҪܣֻһȴɫһʱԭԶֻǧõָǰ
ʹҵԲǧΪؽˡͫΪǧר֮ɻǣ»ʹ󷨽Ρ
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ʱ˿̣һʶǧõǿ꣬ԻһԹİͫгâ˸졣
ף֮ͫѽᵽϣ֮ͫࣿ
ǧþȵĻһգ۾ֻһ˲ͬɽڽڣһĿȻеˣ֮ʣҡͷʯһδ⣬ȻǱӸϷŪһء
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Ωʥߣ֮ͫ࣡㡭ˣǧõĻòż־ϲ
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Ҵδɱˣͬ˾ȡڽޣһǧÆѣ
ǧõӰʧˣֻǣϤһһĶ߻졪
֮Զ̣˼Ī飬ǧءĪءĪ롭


398 ļ֮
ȥΩ
УҶһ㣬ҡҷ¡ɡֻǣǰ׺ľѪӡǣȻˡ
˻һ˻ᣬһ˶ڡǰһ䣬֮ʱȻ
ǰںϤǽ롰ĪءǰǸɽȡһвǣɽ̵ɣΨǴӰǶ֮ǰһƬǽ壬ǲڣһ˿һĺۼ
ĪǣɽȷǱɽȣɽ֮У߶˫֮䣬ɫİ֣֮ͫ˫ͫ˸Ŵĳɫâʱһɫ졣ֻƬ̹̬ɣֻʧҡҡͷ
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عңƽ˵ָһĿʦǴڹ棬ʦֽѵ㣡
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㡭ɱ֣Դ
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Ҳ˹˵ĿԼϡһޱѲһȦƽǳͻȻ˵ǰʦιѣǰɷΪӽ󣿡
ƤڣһʱᡣһС˲شʹ۾һɾҪһԵתӣһӿ˵ȿȡ֮УʣʦʦֶԲѣ֣Դ಻⣬ʹʧΣ֮ͬ١Һһʱ֣ʹҵȰȻʦ֡
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ֻ˺һֻųԼǰȴδϾǼŭһͷɱƽŤ飬һ̻ľ֡룬ֻһȡ

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403 ˭ν
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ƾΪʶ֮ţֻǵŽһЩÿǰ̤һǿе鶯֮ʢʹϲʹȻͣ٣Ʈ죬ֻ׷Ѱ
·Ķʲôֺɣؼ䡣һ˿磬һϪһչ⣬֮ɾ֮Դֻǣ˵ȴΪ°ֵĺۼأ
ĬĬһУһĽŲˡͷɫ԰ףЩԸ۾
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ͨһԶԶ̴ڰţȥּֽæҵȻһ㣬
ꡪ֪ΪΣֹ̿ڿʧЦչһЦ̣š֮һư㣬ƮȻȥ

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ȻӯĹοæ߶ɽǰһ죬͵Ϯķɽ裬Żʱĺˣǲʧʱ
˫üɫȻӭһףһϸĽ˸УһŽȻ֣ͷ֮һͬʱָᵯǵɫٿȻȥ̬չȴֿĿϾӡֻǣָľɱݵ־ʩչǶͨ


406 ֪ν
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ʿ֮һ𲻳ɣ˲档ʶڵʿڵʿ֮ʱԵΡ
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ۡһѪǿʧͷһ´ߣ漴ͳһö顣̶ҫĿĹâˣڰʧ

һƽ֮ϣվżλźµӡһη֣Ϊֻۡ˺ԴԵûɡ
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ԶԶĿɼһӰԶڳ
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ʲô죡һֳһԶȥıӰһڣҫ֮ڣҺɽڵʿأҿӵȥߣ

һңһ㱼ȥʮһɫɵطŻ˽ŲֻϴһĨŹֵЦݡ
һʱһЩͿ漴Ū˴µԭί
ƾĻеɾͼһ·оյ˴ӻ鷳ʹáݷɽʿľվһͷײ˶Էʿ
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ǰһ֮⣬йâűǡ顱һ΢ı죬֮ƾյӰ
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ǡ·˵أ˵ԪڵϺõҩԶʦͽ֮һδɣֱ˹̧ͳƿδݹȥüͷ
һϮȹ֮ϣƬƬĿġȻ˼أʱȴĿɫ
һĵҩӯԳʦ˵ȹһ㡭
֧ŵԣҡ±̱ȥӯŵһѽʦڻæеһҵҩ
һеĵƿ˹ȥϵǸлѣǰΪιҩĹˣҲý
˵ҩ֮Ỻ˿㼱һȻתʵǲǱɽڵ׷ɱ
ɫ죬סһʵ֮жнʿʱ׷δյأΪһ٣˫
ӯĻУĬĬעǰɫˣǲ԰׵ϣֳѵõ֮⡣ƶݷһݲʮӲʿʶΣУͽȴǲ֪롣ٲ뿪˵أǡȴδϵֵһֻڶ̶̵˲䣬²⵽˴µǰʵο
ɽͼסȥҫĵ·ȻŹŵʿܽΪ׵ʿˣǸ򵥵ڴ˵ȥֻø㡣
ʱһϬһ㣬лϤһСҪѻ˵꣬ȴ̧ͷɫǴ䡭


408 Ų·
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һץϵ壬ӯŲ鼱֮£ͳޣһ㽫ʦͽ˨һһǰȥ
񡭡ӱӯ֮±𣬻ڣ㷢Լʦ˫أڿնȥŵæʦʧҪ
һ壬һֳʦͽһͷҲصɱʶУ
һܵúܿ죬һѸʩչ˼£ʿ֮пνѷ֡ʿٸ಻ɽȡǼϢĹͻȻֵļ磬ת˲ͷ
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λˣΣҲЦһʿˣһͨҲӲȴĲõض㵽˹ǵУԾĹǽʿһֱȥ
ǰعɣʿ˵̧żһ֮ءһȴаһ㣬һѭŹǰȥֻڰʱһƬĵΣôһطʱֻùĪ⣬˲Ը£ȴΩһ֮·
ĶߴӯľȻһֻҧطرܡۿŵֵĽ㵽ͷһֱѰٵ۹һעһشһ
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ΣͷϵһСʱδекλƣǰһڴߣһеɫһĿȻһ֮ʱǲһ˿ת룬ӯȻ˳ȥ
׷״вæ˫˫ɽǿɶСն䣬ȴһ
һ·ǰԶһѨԴӵ֪ѨеĽ֮һЩطСġǿ׷ӵʲô̶Ѩҽȥһ㡣
ʱ·ϣһЩѨ⣬Щԭ֮ڣΨһ֮С컯ŪˣĪڴˡ
ķɽźХϮѨǽǰһ֮ʣһ˷ֱ֮Сӳ־䣬ǸĶڡ
顪һ죬ѷɽȴȻķ˳ȥֻǶڴйâҫȻǱ׵֡
ףǸʿһ䣬Ѩ֮ǰһĶӵʿм֣ʱȴŭ⣬ɽն˶ڡ
һѰʿ鼱֮ӦǲһǴͬ˼׷׼ɽǵѨĶڿ
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һ߽ӻ˵ĪʦԲţΪۣ˲ٿطСΪӣ֮ٳӦܳá
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Ѩеĵط󣬼֮󷨵Եʣ˴һӵ
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ʱҡҡλΣˣһʱУ󷨻ǿš
һ߶־һδоյؽȹŰҡǰȻףͬǰ˵Ŀ䣬أǿŲơǵǣֹؼȥԼᱻ۵ſˡ


409 
֪УСչȥˣڵĶͣһʶУһǸʿȥΪڵĲбܽΪǣµɫɣڶڵĲԶЪϢ
Ǹ׷Լ޴ӵĪ֮࣬δȥǴһڵĺڴ˴ˡһεüͷһʯ߬Ź˵ûͷ鿴Ѩڵ龰
ӦٽڵԵʣֻһɴСһһɸߵڹ¡˵ģʶоǼףҲ֪ͨδ
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λִ磬ųȣӯڴ˰лˣ
ʩӯһ֣أϥڵصأԲ԰׵ϣŵЦ⡣
ǺҹҲܸˮʹ峿硣ûɵɫһһҪ˵ϴξһ֮һݣȻվȵʦͽǴʦл֮С㣬ֺǫã
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һ֪˵ǰʦһöƵĽݷֻɾ֮ʹãû뵽ôǡóֻ֣ʦͽɵһˣ
ʦԼᣬӯҪ˵֮ʱּһͷɫŹֵʵֻǴײ˶ѣΪ֪֪ǰϵֳģ
ʵǸ𻰵ĺڣһΪһֱڻĨǵؽ˵ʱְȻ˵ֳʶȥǡ
һʱᣬһȻȥ㵭Ǵһ˿ŪζЦݣһաֻǣɫеƣ˵ǣ
֪ΪΣϲС۹еĹ֮ɫŨͷһů⣡
ʱϴһӯæ˵ʦˡ
һιµҩ֮ת˹ڣһڵϲʵǵ˺δĪֻءⲻʦҲԡСӣ
ԸԣӯһԭίοҵλִȣݱݡǿڣʦúЪϢ
һɺԣһСڽʿоҵȣҴƺת֮УΪǣѪ壬ЩǱ˵ĿǴųͷδӯĻϣδһǽʿһأǣڵƾڻת⣬ʦͬһңԳҡ֮νʧ֮磬֮ɣܣĪڴ˰
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Զһкһִ־󣬳˵ΪǰҪȥԱ㣡ˡһͣ
󵨡߳һɫʱ
ʱһСҶײԼˣǲ֪ǲʩɫ¡ʦڴˣδ棿ԽԽԽԽϻֱһ̽ץһ
顪һһ˦㽫ס죬̲ס˵ס˵ǿǶԷƿġеǰʦ־ǲǷǣţǱˣҵȽһ˵Ĳȴǿʹһǣƣɫ԰ף΢΢ҡΣʹӯ֮£æֲ
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ʦء˵䣬ɫͻһ˿ĳ죬漴һѪ
ʦӯŵýȴǹ˲࣬ٴγһԹѾõĲޣһѰ˷йȥ
һһһֱǿ͡裬Ըο䴥ƶѪͷһǲģ˫ü


410 Ī׷
δһԶκһͣȴԷȻűǼӡвȵҪ
Ҫҵ֮УΪΪ󷨣һסʿǿ취δػһصʿ
־һһͳ⣺ֻڵĵѨУҫĿĹâȻһԭص壬ʱʧȥΣȴŭ
콫ҷſŵ塭
֪УֺαؾǿϧˮĵҩˡΣδڵʿ¡ĪۣԺֽΣת֮䣬һ۹̶һʦͽϡ
俴󲻷ȴδϵ֮أҲдܡһǱòɫʹ˲µʲô̾һҡ
ˣ֪ΪΪʹɼ
ǲ԰׵ϣǵһ˿Ѫ쳣ĿʲôҲû˵ֻǣεɫį
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ǰԹ죬һʦô˵׽ȴϬģӯҧ촽һ˫۾ת
󷨿ɳ֣֮أ֮˭֣
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ߣһӿͷ۹ҲͲ£߳󡭡
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ڵߣǸĪ֮ɫڣŵѨӡһԵͬɫƣϥɡ
ڴ˴ˡһƲƲ죬ɫࡣʱģڵʣ޼˳õȫٳ󷨣⻹ͷһ⡣һյĹѲӦôȥܲܰգ˵أ
ҲһòȥһԭɣһɥĲĸߣֱֿԡԭɲڴˡǲԸΪţһǲѡ˵˴˵˼·ֻᣬԸˡ
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ڲòӱ˵ʱ䱧Թı΢跨Լǿ
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תһյĹȥѨڵȻ̡Ī֮ಢżǼŶƶ롣ΪڵʿΪɲƾյġڳϵĹ֮£󷨵ķƣļ󣬻Ĳ
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ˣʿˣ²ӣܲסȻӡֻѭŵѨֱ׷ȥɽһ򾡡׽ֵĪˣ
ٱʤ֮Ī֮࣬Ҵҳ˶ڣֱѨȥ
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мһĪ֮ӿ˽Ųͬಽת۱Ѩʮɵתһ䣬ǰһӰǸмŵСӡ
Сӣҿӣ
Ī֮ضϺһɽâһֱȡ֣ȴֺɫһǸСӾͣԣĪǷ˲ɣͷ˻
һδӶԶ㱻Ī֮ʦֵܸ׷ˡԶû˷ŵĻģ˫Ŀƣɫ־֮䣬ӭͷȥ
ֻһɲǵĹ򣬸߲һɡɵɽͻȻһƬĿĹâû
Сˣթ󷨲С
ϻ֪ܲŭ֮µĪ֮࣬ѵ֮ͬʱȥ˭ԭĵѨããһƬʶͷǷ˵ʦǲӰ
ɶСӣĪ֮һɽҿѵ͹ڣСֵģ뾪ţһ󷨰ˣǿҵķɽ֮
Ī֮ڳƵİ͹ӦǸʦܵ֡ʱʦֵٻȫɱֻҪ
һһͷ֮УϢ֮䣬ڵĺ˱󡣶ԷȻأƴ񱼡еɱľ֮±һһ


411 
һն£˲ݶܱ㱻ȥ˰ͷ­һޣ˲õϵʬףһתãã֮С
פԭصĪ֮ಢԵûҡٻͬŲӦĺƤ϶۹оǳɱ⡣СӣǵΪϷǽ̻˲ܰݣ
ʱĪ֮࣬Ļ£߶ɽǰ󷨿ҿֻǣ֮У޴ķɽ๦
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󵨡Ī֮ͻȻһâһűǡһһƾճֵĽޱķɽ赲
㡪ŭ֮£Ī֮תǻСӲ֪ʱͷֳַɽȫ¡
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ӡĪ֮ƲˣɽϮȥȴԷӰת˲ʧв㵣һߣû
ĳСӣɱĪ֮ٴηŭ׷֮УӿֻƮ첻ޣֹ

һƨˤ˵ϣһһѪۡ˳ȥ
ڴŴæͳƿҩ£һžδϥȡĨȥǵѪʰߵޣɬҡҡͷǴ򻢲ɡˣΪ˶˴Ϊ̫Զ󷨿ֲ
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һʱȥһЩĵ۾Ī֮أѰ٣ʱ
ʱȥ˳ӻָòˣһɫҲࡣɾ֮Уϵ£Ũڣй°빦
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Ѱ󣿶ԴˣһΪȻһȱʧ̵󣬱赲ʿǿܽһڵʿס⡰Ǭ족Ѱ
һʱҲɱĪ֮࣬಻ܽųôڵѨвݵʱղɣƶԷһأ˭ϻѾءɼΪޣҪɱһڵʿǳ롣
ָΣһĲ㰡ΪµԵʣɾмʶһѰһƧĪ¶˲Ϻĸ࣬ôȥܻŰȻ£̸ֺأ
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鼱˼䣬òΪ֮䣬ȡ
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Ҫ£ֻʮ죡ƾɾеĵ֮㣬ȫ֮£ʮ㹻һֻɹУɱĪ϶·Ҳࡣʧܣܲ࣬ܺù˲õľء
Ī϶ⶼƵģ


412 ĥǹ
ٴζͷһʰ鿴һĶһһӣſʯΧ߳һ״룬üһʮʯɳһż־ĹâԵѨ󷨻ۡһ̣ճˮ˰
˼Ŀһ˫ֽӡ붨šķתʵһʱ䶯һӿȥ
֮£ԡڳ֮ܵУһֻһƬ硣жС
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չȥǷƼʻᣬӿأԲֹЪһŻУת
գķǹʮ飬һ֫ٺȻڷ֮УХ˫ĿգٿȻһƿҩҲ룬ġԪ㱻ӽ˿С
һʱУתкһһ֮⣬һǰƬһΪ֮ơ
ٴζһƿҩδ˿ĳɣδƽǰһȻȻ˵ҩʱȫƬ֮С
һΪ˴˾ݡתֹȴƲѾõ֮Уһճبź֮ŵĵһƻ֡ҫ۵ɲǼļϰ˻ġ
Ϲ⻪ĵ֮Ϊ֮һ̶ȼյĻ桭ͬʱʶеĽûȻֳһϸСĽâֱȥ
֮еһüʶֱϵĳǻһ㣬гһߣƽâͬʱ
Ѩ֮У֪Ϊ˻ζƤЪϢĪ֮࣬ɫһæֻһϮѸȴԸеһ㼯
ͷǿҵϤסϷڴ˴㵹еߣֱǳ룡
־ŭһ˿ĽңĪ֮ŷɽѭһȥ

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䡪һ죬ɽһ˻ʹĪ֮˵δ죬ֻǰɫĹâһһģһķɽͬһ㣬ͻأסȥ·
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ֻǶŵı˴˲һһޣһһӰ߾ȻˣߣΪǰڵѨǸڵʿͬˣȴֳַɽͱˡ
˴˫ȻսѾãƣӡ
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вãʱɳһѷɽŻΣ顣Ǻ˵ռ˱ˣȴڶƴˣһʱΡ˺˼ת𶴿ڴǸˡ

ųߣһĬĬվȻѨеⳡսӦǳһʱգ˴˴ʱô˽
һ㣿ҵȱɽʿ׷ɱˡ㡭ȥɣԼеĻڶһüеĳһϤ
֮ңһ±á
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417 ƨ
ȴƴɱΪһľֹ㵡ǶֳӰͬһȻΨǰŮӵУȻ͸ɫ
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ʲôģΪʿ֪ܲҲйȥ԰˫վȣһûһʵĺˣ۹ѲȾѪ޷ң־ϲŵҡͷĳߴСĶУɫȴ⺬Цӯ̴ڰţֻ˵źÿĴ۾ľԶһѪȻ򡣶Ǹϥˣһ塣
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ڵΪδһ˷ʢ֮ǽڵĶԹͬ𵤸ڶԾû˵¶ͽȥֻ뽫ڶеļɱǴһǸڵŮ޲ΪǣȫƾŶصһһŮڱ֧šȻֺ˵ࡣֻδ뵽۵Сӻʱ˽ҽԶš
Цһ˵ǿ֪СӣڰʦܵӵһҪɱĪʦ֣һڵʿҪɱһڵʿֱǳ˵Ρˣ䲻֪һˣҲǲɱʿֻб⡣
һ̯¶öָ֮ף۽̧ź˵ϵô𣿡
ĪʦֵķӺδ˵ɫһ䣬ʡ
ŶԷҡͷһС죬һα׽Ŀ˵Щ߰ĶĪ϶òˡ
ʱǸһ𾪡ٴδһһžŵɫ˵ĪΪ
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˼һ£һҧһ˵׾۲ʶˣǡ

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һڵ˵㲻Ƕնɱڵĸǰһڵʿ˵ֺҳأ
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ǰβ԰ŵʿеĲƻûеءټ˲²͸ĻСӣʤޣʱߣʱ
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ͬԼϣػǶաĶ飬ѳˡٻΩƳǸȴʼδԹۡΣԻ˱˳һѡ
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ͬŵӣһֱֻ֣Ϊ̼ݷ
Դ㵣ɫЩȻӯ޹ؿˡǺЩһԾ˷ɽ
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һ۹һִͬʱתȥʱɫͻ䡣


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ʢ֮ıⲻѲ²⣬ΪʿǱڲסɶѨλһԼþֶΣƴøеľأȴʹЩСӴѡߣûֻռ˲Կ顣ǸͬС಻ǸͼȡջԼҵ
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Զһδˡķѵߡ֪Σ٣һ㵽ӯߣһѽץ򶴿ߣȵһԮ֡

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˲壬һһб㽫ӯ˶ڣȴɫһ䡣පԶʢ֮ķɽǵֵܵסʿһοǽת˲
룬һ˳ȥ
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һƬڣڲסյࡣĿŵ԰е˶һס¡ʵû뵽Σͷ֮ԼСʿһ˷ֵԼ޷ȴԳܡ
ʹǣǼ䲻ݻ֮ʣƴһڲд֮ץԼı۰˶ߡȻԤϡ
Ҿ־ҡҾܺΪѣⲻҪܣвڴңȴǲһСܣܣٲˣǾܣ

ʦáӰ˹׵塣ģˡ
ڵϣǰֽһһĬĬһۣǰİԵᣬһԴŹŹֵɫ˵ӯȥʦˣ
ӯӦһڻСһźۼɿָ˵Ϊʦ˵ҩ޴󰭣˵ţ߿
ɫллңľԶеߣͣһ߹æͷʾ⣬ֻɫ졣
ʢ֮δ׷һһ޻һʱصĴ˴İΣһ۵ϵߣһ˵ǰִµأֻ¡
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һ׿ϣΪο˵һǰС㡣ɾ֮Уо֮٣ĳϡʮͷͣʿֱδŵ°ջת㶨ɽţ
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֡ǰľԶɫ͸Σмʧ䡣


419 Բ
ľԶҡҡͷһ˵Զ֣ףľҵĴ˴ġľ֮ľҵĳδΪңɼľҴҲһһѣҾӲ֣Դ׷ɱ壬һͬͷ
㵵УЩĪοľԶٴδǰϤİˣп֡ԼӵСӣ˵ͱΪʿȴһĵȻֺ
ΪԴ̵ľңΪľŻǳԨԴΪ˸ҵļһƴò£ľԶԼͬһְӦеһְǡ֪ӺʱһתΪһ͡͵ֻԼһߵøԶøǿţߵһͬ·
˴˵ĳƺؾ񣬳һΣһĻﻹô⡣Է࣬ӦԶɣ
䲻֪ľԶһ֮Ĺϸ𣬿ˣּɡ̾һתߵߣǳ˵ɾ֮УĪ⣬ͬɴ˴ʦֻ֡Ӵ˽ٰ
һԣأһ۹ʱʱһӯʦ̾ϢڵΧڵϵߣ˵˷ǰ
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һˡߵɤЩ˻ƣƽһͷַϥ
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ԹѲʱ˭һеʼٸߣǡǡԼ
¸ߵˣһϣͬˡһִţвһ³
ͬǣһʼձű¡ıʣһ׷ڣһ̹Ȼ
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϶˵˴߾۽ᡣ
ڶ꣬δ˵߻ʦһԵ첻ѣסʵʦһλ
䣬ߵɫ¶һ˿Σ˵ʦó֮λֻǣ˼Դڣ֮䡭
¶Ȼ飬һľԶȴЩͿ
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У¶ȻЦݡһȥ̬ȻԶţѣһ·ߺá
ӯĻУ֪ʱתɫ͸һְ⡣һ䣬ĬĬעתһֲɴɻл㯣ڸ任
һƯʿᶮáķϰ죬ʩչܣԼ¡Ҫ֪ǽԭһͻˣɢֲʧСĵֹ̬̿תۼ䣬ôСΣʱͦ
˵Լǰʱ˸ˡȻһǰƣ˶ݣ˭ηһū\ȻΣ¹׿ȻȺʦ֮⣬ΩԼͷͦǹ°ӰǰϤĪǣг֡
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һδڣ£ǳԣ԰׵Գ˵Ц̣˵ˡ
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ΪĻָ̧޽ǵһ˿ҷ뵡ȴˡ˵߸ĸʦߡһкβɡ
϶ʱһŭɫǿŲһ䡣

һѭŵѨǰ·һų󡣶һֱ粻壬ǰͷ
ڵĵƽ಻֪ȥδ߸ߵѨߡֻǣδ´ӯһԲţ·಻
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УЩܲµѨʲôôһͷδ룬ںСˡ̶죬ӲﻬʯڵĶɫһ䣬½һȴȻðһֻһֻ
ǷϹޡڡ


421 
һڡڣ½ӿŽƵףݽաֱ죬ɿ컮ţʯϽĻǡ
Ǽ˴أΪ׵ֻ˫ᣬòʳһ˹
һͷ˽ڵĳѨˣˣһмܣŤͷܡĪ˵һʿǽʿڴˣҲֻһ;
Щϰݣһ˷ѭŶڷ׷ȥ
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أԾֻɫƣ̾һ˵ҷϧ֮ˣκΡһֱ֧֮ţΪһֽ߾ȫʱǵƿ;˲ࡣͷеֻΣ
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أ̬Ȼ˰֮£֪һֻ̱Ĺˣ̩Ȼֻ֮ǣͷһڴڴʲô
ڵĵʯµĽһеӰȥ̾һ˫ʱһ𡪡
ˡ
ˣϲ˫ۣٴӿ֣ڼƵĹâûʱվֻһ⴩ķ϶ٿȻ
һֻĴ֣һסɵץ˶Էı۰
߷ХӰεضֻһͬǣ˺ҹҷաͷļţڴڴĵ

һһڣǰ޽ڳ֣ɵİһңʱʯʱδľĶǡãֻһߣջоգ
ǰȥ·һںڵ´С˺ͣЪֱʱ޽ڵĶ˻ֹסΡ
֮飬ա౨ĻڶһŹ˼ڻͷͻһæɿ֣ˣȴǷ۰վȣߣĿԣһʱĬȻ
һ

ǡ
ЪϢһΣ
ţ

ںУ˾Ƭ̣˵Ʒ֮Ȭģһʱв֪ӯˣ
һδ𻰣ôȥԾ̬δ
౨Ļᣬ̬ܴݣͬ˵һҲѰĻһⲻһŵԣһʱ䣬ƽŵĳ䣬ֻԸΪȥˣһأжΪεյ֪һòζʲô
ƲһŵʹһͷġеԼܲⲻһʱп֮ԡ֮ʣԷеʵĪкβѽ
ҡͷʾԼ޷һ˵ͨ˴ĶѨӦΪڵĳѨڣҶܲӳδ֪ԸǡѰ·ɣ
ţΣķ֮ءϦֻรˣһ֮⡣һ֮ɫ̶ȻһЦ˵һ˭뵽մʱΡ
̸˵ǱĻɶʧȤЦģʹƶںڵĵ£˼ҹɫеܰ


422 
˵˼仰˲ҾǰСʱ뷲죬Ҳʩչ±ࡣ
ûķӣֻˡһת¶Ϊѵ飬Ǵ󷽵ȥ
Ƥ£⻹ٳɣһֶһƬƣȥöԷһȻһԣɴѭ·ǰС
зĶٲ죬ȴʤڰȣһ˵˴һ÷ӡһⷨԺδ˵𣿡һɫʵ
׿һۣ֮պЦǳǳдϤĽɫһδ˵˵δ֮ʱȲչɫĻ̥һҪʵ˵Ҫʵ˴ɫ˵ˣҹ㣡
һ仰˵꣬һһЦ
ǸԼͽǰĹ°ӣʱֻһѰŮҡܼԷ飬οһ¶Цݣ˵һλǰ֮
һƬڵ´Уǰȥ֪գȴ𻰡ɴһ飬ǣ£һס̾Ϣһ
ƣ·ãһд˰㾳޺ӣ̾һɫ͸һһһ˿ɫĪΪʿҪնԵһţɵڣ޼۱
һҡҡͷʾԼδ롣ͬ˶Է˼ָ˳̬ݸһЦùǰɫȴеأ£˵֮⽣ɷˣȻͬ죬ֻǣªЩеҶѵķɲ
ͷһֻõʵ顣δȡЦӶԶݣ޵һŵӣ㳢ʵףԴ£ο˽ǳªЩȴʧ񣬼ɱ֮ƣʤѰƷ㲻ԷƱ
⻰ãֻ࣬ʵÿһӹ̾ᣬȴǲϾʱ˵ɺã
һͷӦʣתӭŶԷǣ˵㣿˵һ룬ⲻףҡҡͷ
ɫ㵣ϸϸ֮ˡǵ͸ż㣬Ũصĵüһ˿ɱ΢̵ĴǣȴʮһģʹԵЩɢⷺЦ⣬ʵǲҶѽ
һתȴǰһ˿ŪĿ˵ѽСֻϰʮ಻Զӣ˵ţһƳ漴ǳ֡˾˼֪
ü΢һ룬סȻʧЦ

һɴƣŶڵ¼ǰС
飬·ϵʱÿЩ£Ҳڶ˵˵ЦȥֻǣһȴʼСġڽڵĳѨߣɽ;Σ˲Ϣת֮䣬ݲ˿Ĵ⡣
ʱȥǰȻûоͷһĽߴƽ͵ĻȻˣż;δ˰ȥ֣
һͷƣȴ֪ͬɡе˴˵˵ˣɫԱ
ǰвԶȥ·ԭȿࡣһ߶ɴƵƶӿ졣ֻƬ̹󣬵ƶȻӻ˸δȣѷɳһڡ˫˫ɫһ䣬ֻáͨһɴͬʧȥ˷ֱ׹ڵء
⧲֮£һͷǰȥһʱץסֱ۱˻С
һ漴뻳һҪ֣еһ§סĲʱԣĿӣ˵
״˵һ˵ĻУʹͷһϣһĨ̺ڣˮУ
ƾţˣʱһˣֲǣ಻ǣȴԷŭ֮⣬æҧ⣬ͷһ飬Ȼ˹ȴɫһ̧ͷȥ
ɬ֮ʱһ֣֮½סЩ⣬ȴȻɵתסǰʹһ§ŶԷֱۣýˡ
һƬ޴ĵϿȣ¸߰ɣҾǿʮ𾪵ǣټϿ֮УۼʤĽڣ仹ӲĽޡԼ֪Ϲޡ
һƬУһᡢᡢڲΪ棬ǱµļֻڣǱĳᣡ˵⼸ԪӤڵΪ
˲ʲôŮ֮ˣһվɴͷɽ̧ţһ̶ͷ䣬תɫ
֮ʣһе˲ͷʼΪǴʱǧأ̧ҲǳĶڴһֻͬʧȥ鶯ȴ·ˡ
ʱѲǸھĸ߰ӡأԽ§һŮҵĽ߱ŵøһɶֻһŮӣ˻еŮӡ
ֻͷƤ󷢽һԳ˿ɵ˫üת
г᲻ɣγأһƶ˴нƴڣϿȵľͷӦΪ޼Ϊ֮ءǿ򶨣˵Ļ޼ء
ɴ˿ͨһҲǿ˼ΣչĿĹˣȴֽп಻ֻڼ˳ʳһ㣬ŲǶԵñأľΪɲ
·ޣֲԴУٰ㽹еһͷһæǰȥ˭һֱŲɿֱۡеһ˿мֲᣬ漴ֱһ־Ȼɫ档Ҫһ


423 ·
һΪʲžŵɫˣ˵ץң㵹ֽ𣬴ǰȥ˫ü΢տȻӿֳȻηƣе˶ʣ˫۲ɵֻץס
ŲһתǰʮɵĿյ֮ϡشʿʹĽ궯һ¶
⴦ϿУһЩԭپ˵ĽڣΪޡֻǣֻֻţЩȴǳ㡣һ̣ǰĿյرô
һѰµĿ϶һ߼ѵǰнһ˲ʮԶʱòͣ˽Ų
Щ޵ĽթϺѷɫں׷ͬʱǰ治Ŷ½ءֻǲĹΧ˸СȦӣһ˵䡣
ͨԶͻȻ죬ʹڶĽԳٻһתȥһ˴˳Ǹɽڵʢ֮벻˴нϿȣһͷˤ˵ϣǡһȺ֮С
ڵôûܻʢ֮֮ˡֻյ³֪ҽдʹͷȻһջĿ⣬ȴֻ˫۵ĲӣС˰һΩ˫
ڳһ˵һ䣬һ㽫ǰ
ڻһڵĽڣ̧ųұۣһֱֻϽâһһûתۼɳǽۼŭĿҡͷβ֮ʣŶֹΧȥŭˣ
ȻԾߴצ̤͵ſ˴죬ֻһǴԶŴ޴ʱƺҹءϿ¶ʱһԽ߿ûϵƣӾİɲǼܣʹȺ޼ᶶűֳ֡ս飬ֱҺˡ
ˡУһǰȻֳһĿ־塢ãη֮УԵУ̬һ㣬ȴ֤ʵеĽصףĤݵĴڣ
֣ѱǰ״𾪡ڴ˾أĳأֻȥܣһĥֻǣǿеĽǳ˴Ķ쳣ʹתȥ
ڵĽֲİ֮˴дӡ֤֮ʱԵĳ֪ʶһ۱ϳǡ֡⡰֡˵
ڵʿܻûɽ¡ǽΪȣֻǿǸʿǽƣƲ֪ġ֡Ȼб𣬸˵صͨڵĽʿʩչɣ
Ϊ˾ǣޣ
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һĲӵѨһ𣬽ͬ˽ڱѧ֣ãÿζΣʱ̴֡һļɽʱˣŽ֮ʱֱ⣬һԾԾԡ⣬һеεǣϿ֮Уһ˿ǣϵϢϢءʴˣʱͷһڴ
Ȼ֮״ʩչ֣ӾˡһʱʹһĪһǰХɡһ̣ü΢̣ü񣬴ȣĴݡ
ڿƣȺ޻رܡһͨϣһȲǰе˶ǳǳˣδʵһֻ𣿡˵ţж˼㽣᲻ǰأĪע
Ų£һ֪˵ǰĪ⡭ұӰӡɫ޾˵δȥˡ˵ʱһתߵͷܿҡҹУ޴ڣ۾Ҳξ֮Сһ˿ɺã
ⲻԶһ¶ͷǳůСֻǣǲ֪ſڡ˾Щ˶ģȴָһĲ
һĬһ˿Ȼת˵ģִҪÿࣿ
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£һ漴¶Ȼɫ
һգ꽧һ˶ԷġĪ֮׷ɱǡ·ȡʱ֪ѱʶƣΪǻ˲ӣȴδϵϸ΢¶
ãĵˣǻеһλ
ѭϿǰʱȥˣ磬ҲڶֻôŲļǰ濪˳ʼĿֻţȴ಻ҽǰʹö˵ǰһʱްһĽ·ɫٴ
ǰ֮⣬ӦΪϿȵľͷһ߿аɵ±ڵסȥ·ǵطխԵʣҲԵӵһĦ࣬ǰƶ±ڰԶͬһ㣬Щͣһ죬һĺ±֮£ֽӡʹڽ죬
״ü΢˵һ·


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˵Ĳ⣬һ·ֻһδ̧ͷȥ
ǰɵ±ڣ⻬ֱз֮ƣȴ֮±ڵľͷй⻪ͬһĨسȴֺţʹϿʼһƬڰ֮СһĨָͬʹڶ޼ڴˣһԴ궯ܡ
״ɻ󲻽֮£һʶٴȥ꣬͸Ź±֮ϣ֮ƽȥֳһصġ֡
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һͻȻջؽ֣Ըв졣֪Щ֮䣬ȫƾŷ֮֮ӣȴǰһӡΪˣ˵Īǽ쳣
һͷ˼ŽȥͷŲò仯ֱϵĳơû˽ֵ壬ԶЩǷ鷳ʹˡֻΪԵʡ
ܣڹȻ˹һֱ̧ۣ£ǰ˽Ų
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Ϥһ˿ǣǿͷͻȻһĪָʹǰУȥڡ
ͷӺζһ֪ͬΣ֮ʱĽ֣ʹһ㣬ϬʱֻΣͬ޴֪ȴڤڤ֮еһָʹǰС
ǰЩԵ÷רעϾ˼ʿ
ŨصĺѻʮɸߣĴʹ±֮ڣĿġ˴ٲǵʥأ±֮۱ͼڡ
Щڶɵĺһͣ˽Ų̧óһƿ˵˽ⶾº󲻾ڶ
ֻһҩƿһ˵ⶾΪʦЧΪɱĪ֮࣬һӦڶ
ʦ˺ηˡţǰȥСЩһתӦʣһ˿Ȼ֪ΪΣ֮˵ʱһֲʱֻҪɿ˫ۣһбͬλðʧȥ
˵ҩһ߶ǰһɣٴμָɫĹϣתֹ졣ֻǽΪĲҪѶȥ
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ǺıԵܼΧһȦ׶֮أֻפнǰ
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ͻȻȺɧֻһֻȻԾȴδƵԵʶ̤Ǻһɳ֮ơһʮɸߴ޺ƣֻƴȶűϵԳ򣬽ϷȥˣϴʮɣѾƾôŤҲһߡ
ˡУֻͽ͵ȶųתۼ䣬׹һ㣬ˤ
䡪һ죬֮Уǽںݺ˵ϣˤ˸ǳۿŻˣ
ôһֻײеڣȽʿĴڣˤң֮һҡҡͷеЩ˼顣е̾ǽ֮ȥһ֣׹ʮ֣ȥʮ֣аٱظˤο֪һɳ죬ȻǴ˰³
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ҪԽڣһֲˡðƱҪܵϳ͡Ǻһ죬ϿȶݡȺΪ֮𺧣׷˱ܡ
׷ĳ쳣ִС׹֮ƣƴŲԶȥͼӵһ
ڿں׷꣬˵档һԭѻҵȺͬըһ㣬Ӵܣ粻ͣ£һֻһֻڱм
ΣĿȣһüͷҲһšӭĽ࣬ת۱Ὣ˲ࡣ
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㿪ˣһʶҪ׳ȥе§ԸſͬʱĳڱƬأк£ƽһл촷ۡ
䲻ݻ֮ʱһ§Ȼܣ۷һץȻƲɵ֮Ҳοһ˫Ŀ׳Х
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䡪һ죬ķѣűǡ顪һ죬֧֮ʣһԿзɻأֱһ
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ٺĶ˲δϲֻǸɢĿâ֮һȭͷСԲ飬ԼɼһССĽߡ
Լ˳һԲâһٿȻСֱü
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ҪһԲǽǵСҺȥ֮󣬱ĵ䣬ת
һĿɿڴһ֪˺£಻ҳţֻ˴ŵǵɫ
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ʱ䣬һֻедʹ֮Уס쿪˫ۣݺ߬ȭͷͷֱðɢһ쳣ơ״ԷھһѻǼǲţ뿪һĻһԡɻڴĬĬ
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⾪಻üͷɴʱȴٴڴʧɫһ
һĴһͬôִࡣͬܵٻͻɳתʧһâֱ֮ϡ
һʱ˫ۣâһƷȥ£ֳͦε˿ָ˳̬
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ȻϿȵĽƶԼûô벻׵¶̫࣬һ˿żԼɫмʧ
ҡҡͷʾԼ޷һֱ֪ۡʧ̬漴ȻһЦ
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Ͽ֮б鲼ƣǼѡһľֹʹЩ⣬ʵǡ
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426 
⣬һϿȣֻĵ£Դ価ĸɽ֮䣬Ǳ̴ǧһ
ɽˮ硣Ŷ
ĸɽ񷣬½ӱˮΡ롣ɽ֮䣬Ǳ͸ĺˮһɽӳۼʱһӰɿӹ档
ϿȵУʱ˼
һ٣ںˮİߣδ·Ц˵ģ˵쳣ȴļƣﻹзеƮѽ
Ωиɽϣ˿ǵļֻǣɽ֮϶֡ء֮˵һҡͷЦұڵδйôһ·ʵΣ
תڻһɫȻæ˺һΪ޷˵˴Ϊءɾͼв޼ءɼ˴ĴȶŨǸйĺڡ
ܣǾ޴ʯžɽ쳣һ߶ʶԶȥϿȲͷ಻֪ͨδΪء֪кãһʱԲ²⡣˼䣬ǰζһ˫ѯʵɫæջ˼Щεĵ˵ͷӦȻ
ϷһʯͤȥΣһδԭǰȡЦ̬س
̤ŷС˲СԶһ͹ľ޴ʯбںˮ֮ϡһ͹ӵĽʯͤٷ磬һˮ
һЯԾʯ֮ϣ̧ͷۿʯͤԿšơ֣һ仰ֱΪһ˷ȥư񷡣
ƼʻᣬЦ񷣡ʫʧһ̾һעǡơ֣ͬС
ʯͤƾԶɽ󣬺ǧʹĿ
ľձʣʹƣ͵طȥһλáп֮ʣһֽϽ«׹һڣ滳Ƶ̬˺ţΪ֮Ķ˵βƣ
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飬ɽˮ֮䣬˾򸴺󡭡
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һЩˣ˵ˡڴ̻һʱաʣ֮Ϊ贸ɫ͸ƣó
״һԸв죬£˵Ҳգڴ˰ˣ²鿴һмƽϣ˵ţסʯͤ󷨵Ŀھ棬תȥ
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УԭȭͷԲ飬ѱȸ״أԻתһҺͨ֫ٺ
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ˡһǺ߼Ӳʯһȭҳѷ졣ü£Ŀ¶ϲܵʯɾĵط޶£ѰɽķǶΡ˿ɼԼĽ֮ǿ֮󣬳
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뿪̱ϣߵ֮ʱһնɱߣβһȥһɽǸɽ֮УõһöһԲ飬мʯŪеΣ⼸һֱǬС˭뵽ڵѨУǰԲԼܳľԵĳ뵽֮С
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ʱ룬ºȴѷǰԭɡԼƣһ¶˿ЦĪһ̣ڽԼɣ
Լֻһʿһһȴǲ֮Уһֱİһ̤ϣɨ˻ĵİ
ٴҡҡͷһ⣬ְǲҪΪãԼûǮ
һ־ˡһǰĹâһվŲ̤ȥĬ˼ھ˫˽һһ𡪡


427 г
Ͽ֮Уһɹ
һ˫֣СŽµľɿȥңؼĳͷɫЩ
Уʮʱе룬һ˿Уζ֮࣬ξе¡
ӳˡķʹĶټ졣һţʿ׷ɱҲΪҪӣ֪ʲô˼ɫó
һ˰յĹ򣬽ϰˣҲ˳㽫ϿȹһȦϿȣ˵أԼȴǧ֮ɽżһĺ֮ϣʱûֻһڷɳۡ
صľͷѵһĺǽϿȵһСǰɫãã֮䣬ԼʵĹâз֮֮ƣԵΪء
ȣһֻԶԶͣʶһ㱡ããȻг˷Ƶĳ嶯
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⻯ٲȻһյأ۴ɻȻģֻɽϣˮУϺټһУȻѳŵ̫á
ڿзһᣬһʧȥӰϿУȻһ磬ٿȻԶȥ
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־һһλȥΣѻص˷ͤĸںֳ֮󣬼ʯͤеŴ˿ڴƣ
·ЩǼϢ㱼ǧȴʵˡһںߵϢ˱Ǽչȥ
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պһ۾ɫ͸żֲһ֥һ鶪ûûζؾ׽
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йգϿڵĳΪԽڵΪȹ˶յĲиһһ˿ĲԲգй֮䣬ڵļֻǣʶ֮ϻ̫Ҳ˵Բʹ
ĪԲ飬ǷΪռһҺһδ⣬⼸й֮ʱԲԵðԵռΪУССĽнҺΪеļ
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ɲɣҺԼ֮Ϊڣ׶أ
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ȻˣôȥˣһйͼҺԲзʶԲ飬еǿܱʹԵóѡ
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ɶ㻹ķΪˣһһȴССԲ죬Ҫ׵ģ޿κεɵͷ
ԼĶһŶ᲻ˣԷݵһüͷںŶԲߡ
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ˮеԲ̺һޣûʲôֲý˵˷ܡΪԡţǼΪ泩ٴֳȫ߲
ֻĽϾ˼ʶ룬ʹһ԰ѰԼǵҺæʶΪʹ͵͵Բ顣
Ľɫâ֮УԲӯСΪöҺʱԵòҪٿ䣬Һع
һҴ⣬֪Ľһһ롣ֻǣΡԲռĴ룬ԭˣֻίһСط
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ԲʼڲͣһҲйֹΪǵҺյԼһתϢ
ʱһһԲ飬ǿԵñ壻һҺƽ͡ǿб𣬱ݷȴֻڻ
ǶԲĶļɵôͬӹɡǿĽǣļʹһͬһףѰв⣬ʩչֶʱԲ̺ǿٴڵʿʱȫӦǲѣ
ԲǣԲܾ֮ΪáΪ㣬вƿǽԵʡ㣬ڵǺгһԵƽ⣬ҲҺռɵطһЭ³


428 
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һôȴǿէûһ׸⣬ȳƵ֫ͭһĽʵǿչͬʱﾫ磬ȻȻ
ϢһϵɫĹâɢȥЩļ漴ʧһۣζǡ
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͸һ˿棬ӹһöһᣬ漴Ȼ˵˶ڵġˮ䡯ȴһӦżãзݣһЦִ˻ᣬʵԺδ߳£˵ɣ
Ц⣬˵֮⣬ĪǹĻԵߴЦݲԶ
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ܣĹľ룬£һƬƬķ档Ƭĵ룬ɴСĹ㳡
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һŵʿмµ𣬶һ˰ȻվȻδɽ˷಻Զŵӣ鳤룬ĿŵʮʿɫصģһڵʿǸ壬ʦһ飬׽
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ɽڵȺУұƽɫ糣Ω˫ź⡣ǰһУǰı룬ʹò˼Բߡ
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𵤺ڵĸභϧΪϾԪӤֻһ֮ң˭Ҳ˶СƴȻͬǽһݵĴսкƹ붨ͬˣջδػͬ顣
뵽˴ĹұƽûյſϸϸµÿһڣΪɽıȡĺôֻǣķţŵУӵУⲻֻһ²ɣ
̾˿ұƽεҡҡͷ


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ǰɽһ˴ȴæգʼմ򲻿ĴšһԲϣ˴˱㶯֡
ǺǶһˣںɽ֮ʱŵֵˡ֮ʱɽҪͬԹԵӸᣬ˵սšս𣬺ƹ붨ڵ˲ʧʱȴϹۡƲ߱д֮ӵˣűô
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ʱұйĵɽ罫һңɽڽһٳΪ𣬶һвǸջҪŽķţõڵɼšţֺοգ
ͷһ򣬹ұƽЦ£߳Ⱥɨˣӹ˵һԣ֪ϿɷԸ
ұƽϴ͵ЦݣʮһĶŵʿ޶ԣֻǴ̹ϵɫӡ
һ鳤룬̬֡
ұƽЦɣʿ˵ЩӣҸѳɹΪĵĵλԪӤʿ˵˴ͣƹ붨ڻãֻһϲȻһƬŵĵɴ۾ɫһ䡣
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ұѲ꣬޳ԪӤɵӣʱЩʧ̬Լ֪Լ£ʦɶСˣ˵󲻾ĻԺλ˵ȵĲΪǱ˭þáұԪӤʿٻܻ꣬ŵ
˼Ҹӳַӳһ֪ұƽ׳һöҲƹһֶΣ൱á
ʶ򣬺ƴƱֱƶǽ𵤺ΪɫȻ˼δվΡǿƷԪӤʿܰ⡢̫⣡Σӣ
ģͷһԪӤұɹ޳ԪӤ
ǰԤ֮Уұƽ΢Цţ˵ӳϽķţʾҺͺãҺɽδ˵֮ǰȾָ֣Ļв޶֮⣬ʹӵ磬ȴ˲
ߣԪӤʿĳǽˣվȻɡ
ź⣬ұƽΪĻһЦ˵̵η壬̾ѽֻǣҸһŭ֮£в֪ڻܻ¼ˣ
ڲˣӣԷЩ˵ҪЮۣͬ˫ü޷Զŭ𲪷ɢŨصɱǰһȵұɰˣ
𵤺ڵʿǶŭͬСɣ
Ϣɱ˲Ϣ佫֣ұƽͷһסһ߼״æһһҽ䵲ɱȻ𣬷ֺҴ⡣

ͷƽϵӣ˲࣬һǰҹ֣Ȱһԣٶֲ٣Լӹã˵ķţʧ˵ûУλʦûУ֮ƣɽڵͬҪ裬ͬЭţͬȥڣԵ춨򲻿ţʹȻǽ˵ɽΣ
˵üȴ޵͸Բȡ֮⣬ʹýŵ˫һϯ˵꣬ɴһԣģ֮ǰǸΪصųϣֱˡҪ֪Ϊŵ棬ɽڵ֮䣬ǿභա
˺Ĺұƽһһ˵ǣƹͬˣһ֤˭뵽ƢôôҰǳӲһˣ˲ѶԸ
ǰʧðˣұƽһǸ⣬֣ȻŭԻͷһִЦݳ˵磬Ӧ֮ˡ´ɽ£л⣡
ԣͷһ˵ĻôŲͷлʲô漴˹ȴпѱ硣һϷԣȴұƽץŲ֡ͲĻǰСֻǱʦֻλʦ֪鷳ɾʹˣ
ڴ˴˭Ҳ᲻ߣҲˣ˵ͬڸ֪£ɾΪɽУźڣҪǹֺ֮ڣ
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ʦʦһŭδģæǰȥȰοһʶǿ֮ˣ
ĬȻ˼Ƭ̣뵽ʲôʵǰ˵Сӡ
۾һæӦ˵ǧȷСӵδ˵꣬㱻ʦֹ̧
ǺЦһӸпҲȤˣν
ЩҵĳԻͣұƽ˵ܼҸ֮ǰЩӵѵмأΪȻһҶûдı£Эܡ


430 ׷Ȼ
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žϿȣ޷ƣټΩɽˮ续˶ʯ֮ͤУԶ
ŵӣ֮һ衣ȴɲ㣬ַԵʡ⣬ͷķΪĴֲڶ⣬һ¡Σ˵ŻЦ
һȡ³ġ׷궤ε죬Цһ¡˵ķҪǹɣҪǲ׵ıγªɷԳݣ˵Ҳǲ֮ƵȴʵЩʿ£д⣬ÿԽһ¶Է֮
һһóö׷궤һ˭϶Էһۣ˼£˵δ뵽ǳ׵ķѽҶֽƳһء˵ţڴɫ
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һĬĬͷִһ־ö׷궤ڶ˵ĵ䡣ָһ㣬һдࡢдָӿʱ糤Ļ־һΪųҶļµƣΧš׷궤ת
⻹𣿡ǿܣԶݣסʵ
ʼǴ˰ģǺԵɣҲ֪һʵ˼ҶӨӨ𣬶жһƳɫɫ⻹ǲĲ֪ɵһ̣Ŵ֣Եɡɼƽһʱ಻˵
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ļ֮£߳Գݱʧʱؼ־ʹ״ַָÿ
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ͷһůһ˼ؼѪָ˹ȥξѪ˲ںһٿȻ뵽ֻ֮С
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һĬȻ֮̾˿أ˵ǵҵ˵ҹңұʵ棡
ͬǷ˼£¶Ȼ飬ֻ˼Ȼȥҡͷ˵֪Ҹʦָʦţ
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˵˴£ǵؿһ˵ǧ֮һԺʿһڲõˣľŵĹ룬һֱΪ˹ڻ£ھ׶˭᲻Ϊ֮񡭡


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һ˫üһԲ״˵˵³ԤϡֻΪ̫Сɣʴӡ
վ˵Զɽһһ¶ıӰ
ƽһ³˿أԸе쳣Ѩ֮Уʩչʱ²⣬ȴɫеһ˿޲Ų˼쳣
һֱȴʣһҲý˻ϤԪʦɶԷɫԼеİʾΪһ룬ʹ
Ҫ֪ԪӤڣԼϵġķһĹԪʦԴģһ˵ǡǺϡ˭뵽⾹ʧĹйأڡʵһƢΪˣŵĳȡ֮ʱδزὫſܾ
˼򵥣ʧǵ˵ŵһ
ǰԼһʿϰľȻʧĹŵĳ֪£ݵԼ˵Ԫʦʦͽ֮УԼ³֪˫ֽΣƷ˼ͬҪ׷ء컹ãָ黹ԼҲ˵
ԤϵԼԺ鷳Ϊ֮磡ŶԴ֪ȴֵ¶ʶзŵǾ仰㲻Ϊݺ֮ʱֻ϶Ϊһ
鰵һ֮µףԸ
һ·һײײأϦȥңȻң˵ţһߣĿԶ棬ɫ
Ŷת֮˫ֱ̧ͷͦأǹһ˿Цݡü˼ֳȻϡ΢΢ȣˮУǶ֮⡣Ϊ˶磬δϵת۱Ƶģ
ϦȥɽɽˮˮһвΪ㣬㣡ζһĻľ֮ࡣŶԷı۰˵˴ֻˣתһ¹ȥĴߡ
ϿȽȽһƬƣŶ˻Сһ˵ʱͯȤöԷ¶ĵ΢Ц˶ĵۺǸСʿȴſڣֻǲͣ˵ԼȥһС
һƬƳ˵ܰϿȵһˣһˡʱɽҰ㣬涵ӰеȺ͵Цݣ˵Ļйʿģֲֻᡣ׼һУ£׷䡣
һĬĬţߴЦһԲֻº͵Ц㡣
ϿȵľͷڡתԿռȻĻأŲ飬˵գ˵

⼫һɺԵĳʮɴСУֻҵʯĸִʯܣʾһĵط
һƬƬķ棬ðŮһʿӰӯľԶɫţʱͷ
˴ĪǱ쾳ĵؽ磡һ·δôϢ֮ˣӯͣ˽Ųδ
״ľԶֻͣǽٺģ
ڵѨзͷѰҳ·֮ʱ˽һǰ㵽һڵĶѨУѰȥͻȻһը죬űн궯ϢϮ
춯֮ǽ뿪ĵطľԶϣͷѰһǰȥŮ಻н֮æδôϹײ֮£ӳ죬֮ʱµʿ裬նɱȴ¶Էĸ׷һ·ӱ
ʿ·ֻ÷С·϶زأȥ˲ʱգò׸˴˿
ǲ쾳Ҳ޷ܻͺãľԶ˵һʵʹӯƤһ죬˵˶λ
ĸʯƣ񣬲ӯ˵֮ʱȡʱֺأдһпɣ˱ǿЩߣǰڰУ࣬Ǹֿɳ֮ʴˣԸӯΪ֮ڵ߱мҲһеķӡ
ʵѽǰִ硣ӯ˵⣬˵ִִֽó˽ⶾŽȥǰϵĽ֮
֮ʱֻ˵ŵĸȣһִ硣ľԶͷЩǸسӯʵִԺźɣյŰл
һһ磬һִ磬˻Ϊ˵ǸִΪȴӯҡͷ˵ִֻ;ż֪£˵ʦ֪Щʲôʦδ
˵䣬ӯһֱæʦ䲻
ӯ˼ҲϾ׷ִǺҲֻóοȴһԵľԶ˵˴Ǻڣæ̧ͷȥ˽ĳͻȻ˼ֵĲͬ
֪򣬳ܵĸʯ֮аɫâʼΪ΢꣬âʢӡ̶ʯĹâ˴˾һ𣬳ĵҫĿĹΧһķǽΧ˵䡣
˿ãĵٿȻƬǳʱ˸Ĺ⻪֣ת֮䣬뵵֮Уз綯󡪡
˺ƴʵˣ˱֮ʱԵɴ˫ۣ¶˼


432 Щ
ֻ֮УһŶĿĹ⻪ȻſյաĹâ֮УֳһŮӰŮһƮƮףˮһۣòᣬüĿʣ΢̣ƽͶɫдмֳȡ˲У̬ǣ֮ʱԴ㵣漴˫˫Ŀɿڴˡ
ʦӯǾϲؽһ漴¶֪ģ۾ֻʦǸһϴת
ľԶϾ곤꣬ʶһЩĪֵĶ˵̬ͷ㵣ϻǴϲɫӭǰȥѡ
һϿȾͷû뵽˴ǡ˰ȻοֻǶԷɫеļξ۵ף˾Ϊ⣬ǲźۼ˴˷ֿΡ
ͽ֮ⲻҪ˵仰ǿǰȵһƳһӵıӰס¶˻ĵЦݡ
һľԶ֣ڣȴֲ֪˵ʲôãֻÿЦҡҡͷ̶һ¹ȥٴһ˷ǵĸпԷУŲͬյƣ˲ǿһЩ㷡
ֲޣмңмֵ⣡һʱ䣬ľԶͷǰζӳ¡һǸŵ֮䣬ͶϵģֿһԼ̻̲˵һΰ
ŵĶֵͦ󣬴ʱǹâޣָֻԭӡһܣ⣬ĸʯӦΪһڣȴϿȵĳڣҲ档ľԶɫЩüͷʧеʵԶ޷ɣ
һ峺ӿľԶͷΪ֮һ£¶Цݡ仰ǰԭί˵˴ȴ֪ǺڣҵԳ
ҿ˵һһǽ̤ʱԾСľԶһż۵ɫ̧ͷȥ
֮һʶѽϿеһ¾ޣνǡʱΪг֮⣬ʱʶɴ֮⣬ѰĽ𵤳ʿϣǲضá
ڿУܵξ۵סƬ̹һأͣ𻰣Ǵѯʵ
֡ǰ֣ӯɫЩŤȴݣ۹ȴʦɫ
һΪȻЦЦһԷʾ⣬ſ˵˴쾳ĵؽ磬Զ
ҵɾ֮շת˽£յ˴ʵװȥͬĽѣ̾һľԶЩʧ񣬱ӯǱֻͣʦһϴת
ò˴֮⡣һѯĿ⿴һ˿ǵɫһ˵ұ£ҵĪӦӣ
һķԸľԶ׿ʾͬ
һԶһۣͷԼļ¶ǰʲôڵȴԼת׳һ̤ȥ˵ȥ

ĴŽաʮɿ⣬ʮʿɢվΩ˿ǰǽ𵤺ڵĸ֣ɫء
Ľ̫ˣҵȽæգȻýǰ벽˵ǶڵȨȡһԵ鳤룬ͷͬʮ֮࣬ͬǵ˵дϵĽƣͬǷѣѣѰ
ӵѣʹú治ԶĹұƽ죬ȴ޿κΡΪɽڵ֮磬ڴ˴λ𵤺ڵĸǰʵû˵ĻᡣǿƳƣƾֻΪ
ߣұΪʿηɺһȻǲԸǺӣŭ漴ǺǺһЦֻﾫ˸಻֪Щʲô
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顪һ죬ӡŷ˻δ֮ʱֻʮɷԲ֮ڣѱâ֣Ųߵ֣ã͸ԵĹĪ⡣
Ȼ֣ٳһͬ˼˸ԼַĽƺһʱ֮䣬㳡֮Ϻϣ졣ֺʩΪ֮£ҵŰټĹ㳡ʹµʿţ׷׺˶ܡ
һʱȥȻ𵤸ֲٴ֡һ㣬̬ɣȻǷδȫǿƿɼҽƣһЦȻǧᰲȻһ֣Ǳûп֮ʦŵ棬˭˵ܽúɽأȻ֪˽ΪҪ˴ѭ°ˣǷ³⣡
ӵ˼Ȼûȥ£ŸĥŶԲߣɫ糣۹ȴǶŲȻǲľʹ˰֣ȨһĿƣŸֱ̾⼸˷ſǾȫģȻһǣɢЪϢ֮ʣδûٴζֵͷ
һ磬̧ͷɫԴ㵡¼λ𵤸漴쳣׷ȥֻԶͻȻ磬λʿ꣬ܵڶʿתȥȥʱ䣬Ȼ֮ĮȻ֮Թ֮
תۼ䣬˵ǰԶ¡Ŀ֮£ʤѩ̬ɣƳ󣬱ӯŵһǰݼλͬšѼǵӰҪȺӭǰȥȴʦСüĿ飬һ٣۹¶Թɫתʦӡ
ˣŵĵӣµ˾Ȼڵĵӡʹù¼ҹ˵ĸ⡣ǸŻ۵ʱɫ
ݼʦݼʦǼǸȻӰæľԶǰݼһź棬Ǹȥ˵ǰ
ڰʾһţ˵żյĹ򣬾ȻʿСӣЩá
ͱ˵Ŀ⣬һδ𻰣һΪɤ𡪡
СӣȻã


433 Ȼ
һͷһݣתȥŵλ˹໹һЦ塣
ԶǸɫ԰׵˶˫־һ̼УǻںΡԭΪֻҪԼκһУ㲻ȥעһ㲻ʦŵǼ¶ȥѰ鷳ʼ޹ģҲףʱǱ֪ӱδ֪һС
˭뵽ڵѨ֮ʱǸ֮ʱæ֮оǻͷһƳǡǡʹܵΡͬʦֵĻ˵һֱֱ̲ӳ£ʦ֮󣬵㽫һɺг
Ӽ̾ʹгƵʱض֪飬˭϶Է䆪£ֱȥѰһѡ
ͷĲһֻ̱еֽűεΩԸţһǧ°
۹ӹһЦ壬һվֱ
µ˵в֪ӵԺ⣿üͷɫв졣Сʲôãڵļ£ݲ˹ʡӵУԽ޴֮ӡ
Ϊ𵤺ڵʿΪ֮оص˴˽˼ĶࡣԴˣӵȻϴ˵һ̬ٴɫһ˵̵ѹܽµӣұò廰ôһڵľΪŵĶŹӲ
ӵĻ䣬ڳ޲ݡҲϯûĺ壬ŵĹʧڣڴһȷѪ꣡
Ŷͫ΢ǿѹŭݣ˵ԣƾʵݣĳе֮࣬ܲŭԷڣδçײ֮١һˮֻҪڵʿڴʱòȻΣӣ
˵䣬һһԾվˮ
ܵϵɱüͷһۼɫ򶨵Сӣﾫһ˵˲֪ǼĪΪߣȻƾʵݣһСʹķеܣͽΪڵĳʹ¸һ˵ȻߣѰ£
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ľԶһȻһŵĹôܣĪۣ
һǲŵĹ⹦Ժδһһ˵а䲻ʵҵȡɤߣȴǴűɱ⡣һʱޱ顣֪СӹŹ֣ȴδϵ֮˹ϸʵӵɱ
ǵĺӿʱ㽫һסλ𵤺ڸֵƣɫ˿Ŀֻʧ롣£ü΢𿪿˵ϰĹжһΪڵġķʱϰĹԭʦŵĴС벻εţֻ֪ҾһСˡǰȡԵɺڣ
ǸС˭Ȼ֪ȴ޴ӷӵ۹
Сɫ٩٩̸а⣬Ÿ˽ȥ涥ײԼǺôĵӣһȴŭԻأߣֻҪ㱳ʦţʦĹԵɱ㣬ӹɣ
ֻ֮һʦСоġһ˵
ǺǣһЦӵϿһ˿Цݣ˵һһСһһ̬ǱؾᣬͼɻذˣҺڣźڣٴηŭתһʵʱϰǲǡķϷʵ
仰νҪʱڳʿĿ⣬ͬʱһϡҪŭɫҲ˼ǡ
һĬǰ˴˫ü嵽һԶǳüǳҧ촽ɫǲ벻
˰ΣʹļƵ۾ǰһ˵Сӣ˵ǲ˵ϷһԱ֪
ɫһ䣬裬ȴˡſ³һѷɽŽߵһȥһ𵤺ڵĸ֣ǶһڵСȻѣʹó޲ݡԶɫȻ촽϶һѪۡ
˼ת֮һͻʩ͵Ϯ֮£α˶ȥ׳һ߷ָϵö»ۼ׶ܽɳ
顢顢顪һıУʿͷ۵߷δ߱顣űǡ䡪һ죬̵»ֱ͵ķɽһ顣ۼ׶ܸǲתۼķѡʱһǽӳԶɫĪ־ͼʩչ
𵤺ʿķɽǺεȵϬһ߶ǷĽâǵǰֶΣΩϵһףܡ
ӵⲻԶһȴ޴ӻرܡ֮ʱ׷ѱâ飬ۿɽϹâһ͸
䡪һ죬һѵзɽϮ֮ơܺȻ飬һѪ㱻ֱֱ˳ȥ
ȻǡķСӣӣϲ£ӷЦҪһ֮ʱɫȴһȻҪʩȵֹסΣ㵲ѡ
һֱĵʱ̴ڰţŲ˼̧ͷȥ


434 
ɵһֱֱײһ᲻ƵĽ֮ϡ
ҫĿĹâ˸֮Уʱ俪˾ȵĿУһͻȻһâţȻ˽ƣһˤǰĵϡ
ˡ
һѪ˳һڵϷһ£ҡҡλʱΪǱ飬ɫƣǹѪȴ´гâһ
ţǰ̨ǰһƨȥһδش˿ڴ̧ͷʮΧһȦʿӶΩгǸǣﾡŭ
֮ʱһ㿴ܵĽڡ֮ʣŲ·Ǳһɳȥջǲҵײ˽֮ϡΪӵˣ˭һϻӿֳһâʹԼ谭ؽ˽֮СâԺδȥοҲ״֡
ŵͷʵ޳ܰ޷ǱԼʹܣһҪԼС߷»裻ͷĽյסϮ֮ƣǽǿˣʣԼڻ
ãûһӺѪһڣҩȥ˾ۼڴˣΪĽ衣ʱн裬һʱް۹ӹȺһԶ¡ҡͷʾ⣬ɫԻ
Ľ֮⣬ÿֻΧ۵ˣ졣ǷǵһĽ֮ڣ˵һƣɢģн׶ǲ˵ҩȻδһз
ûУСӲϰŵġķʦ˵ĴСˣʹܣˣܴɼҵĽƣ̵ѣкλ˵
Ϊܣ͸ѵõϲáɫԶԣ˵λͬǽյһ֤ʦʹŹ֮䲻ֻ©ۣǴ˵ĺ˻ˣŵ׮ǧ깫вƼ֮ʱ
޳϶ƨӿ֮ʱһɤʱ˵ɫ䡣
˹ȻŵĽ𵤳ϣ֮󣬼˸ǰɵʱĶĹ˼ɡ˲ˣһĵ̬
㡭ӶʱڣԡָһָȻǱŵˡʦ裬һԵЩ֪롣Сеض˽УҪҪɱģһʱҲԻȥſڡˣ
ɼ˵ˣδǾӣ
Զ𣬿ʧ̬鳤룬üʶ£סֱͦϵɫУĪһֿ⣡
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µԹ֮У״μôһİˣȻ󣬸һ־档һо֮٣ԴѼֲֵľԶˣһεãȻ֮СŵȺУɫЩ԰ףǾܹһšʱࡣ
˵ҩһǻ˿һʯϲ˫ȣڳһļƣ˫üһŭɶӳԷķԺδĪǱʦԴɣ
ӷһָ󣬼˵С졯֣ĪɾſٵĲɣЦһЦŴȻ򷨹ڣһͣױһ͵Ϯ㣬޹ʦţƾʲôһƤҲߣ
Ӱֱͣ˫ĿԲһ仰Ҳ˵ȴڻһŭӡ
ģ겻ءϰĹ޹ءǡҪʦţֻҪڣȻݣһ˵ţţվ
һСѽϷ࣬㷭첻ɣһյԴ˳Ƥתˣ˵ӽս˵СƲ˲֣ȻΪУС
ָس˵СȻƲڵĸϵŲѣȴ಻Ȱݡ
µȻ޹أδ֮ǰһڵĵӣӵĶţΪ˵ĻеַףŽ֮ڵһ˵С֣ƾ㷽Ϊ㲻ʧΪڵӡ
ԭǸС֡ۿһ·ӣϲԱסһȴδǰһƬ˸ͷһ֮ʱһ˹
Ҫӵŭ𣬱ǡžһ죬ֻ᲻ذһǶ壬ˤ˳ȥ
ѵµǰҳֽѵһں󣬲ˣ˵䣬һصֱûӰֻգۼһǶ⣬˿֮ʱ˵ϡ
ҪΪغһ˵һ³ҽѵĪûԵ𣿳˵һһ࣬Ƿʲô
ӽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥҡָһˤ䣬ҲգסСӲһ֮ǰ裡Ȼߡ
ͽӻڵϣҹһȥֻӦæҳŭֻܽǻԹ޻Ŀ⣬ݺݶǸ¶ЦݵСӡ
һƴúãŵʯϣһǡʱ𣬿˳ࡣֻɽڵƣҪô


435 Ը
һº͵Цݣұƽӡ󻹸λ𵤺ڵĳϡ
ϷŵһϯνΪȻл˵ұƽӹ֣ԷһɻЦЦܣ˹ؽ˵һϵŵĴȥ򣬿ҲϵҺɽڿĴ¡ʶŲŹˣпԭҺɽͬҪסСӣ־ڱصá
üͷų˼£漴Ƥһʡ
ұƽǺһЦ˵ҲһѣͬԸСӡº󣬸Ը񲻸ã
ҪֶԸһڵʿδ˸еЦ֪ĽƳ֮ǰ˭һûа취
ұƽԪӤʿΪɽ˵Ȼǵʮ㡣סСӣ˭ύɣһɾƺ谭֮ˣѰɼӦ¡һǸǸɽʧأ
ӱǸ˾ұƽ˼Ȼ¸Ȼӡ
һصص˵ͷ˵ȡ裬ԸԴƣ
Ǽ̵ļ仰ߵһ𣬲ͬһˡеһ̾˿סЦҡҡͷ˵쾳֮⣬жʿɽڰ·ɱжŵʿںɽڵΪôһͼСӣȥͬŲˣȥύСǺǣǻ֮ʦ棬ʦţ಻˰ɣ
һϯ˵˵ĵȴҲ˵ʵһӺݺһ٣ཫɽڸ׵ˡ˰ˣﻹ˵ࡣ
㳡֮ϣܺɽŶʿࡣʶһĻδ˸͡״ұƽǺһЦ˵Сӣûƾʵ˵أתܣ̬˵֮ݬ롣֮ͽѰλһɺԡ
һΣƤֺ죬һ˽ϡйغɽڵͼıһֻ֪ǣû֤֮ǰȥһԪӤʿţǲʶ֮ʿΪ
Լ˵Ļû⣬һεҡҡͷȴĿȥ
ڰ;бɽʿ׷ɱԣɽߣɱ⣡߳Ⱥɫءұƽһ漴ǰһҪǰѣ˵üͷת
ҵ;бɽʿ׷ɱľԶһͬ˳˵ߵɫʱ
Ǻǣ׷ɱ˴ĪЦҺɽڵĵ𣿡ұƽǺЦ̯˫֣ʾ޹۹ȴӹһӺɽʿɫжһ⡣
ʢ֮Ϊ𵤳ʿĪ֮Ϊʿһ·׷ɱҵȣ׷׷žˣⲻʲôһЦ䣬ɽڵȺһɧʹùұƽһ漴ɫɣ˵ǺǣһⲢҵ״μɣ֮ǰҿΪ㣿ΪҪأ
ϲŭɫĻΪɽڵһҡͷ˵㷽δңұο㣡
ұƽЦºͬѭѭյһ׽֮ˣ˵ȡڵɼţҴΪϱѽ
һǣЦ
̲סұƽĪҪ̫ˣ
ұƽעһͷҲصЦԸ𣿡
ƳƲǣ˵ȥ޲ӵĻ˵һ룬ȴұƽΪЦλֵܵǸˡ
˲Լֹͬס볡ˣһ̣ֻһųתȥڳȴŷ
˽֮һҩڵƱڻתʼδ⣬ɲһǰķǱѰ˵Ũ֪һõϢɣתΪ档ʶ֮УϸһĽĪ˷
쳣ʹһСһ߽˻ָһӵԡ
ɽǿ󣬿ΣһСģ½Ϊƣȴǲά衣ģһ޵ŵǷǡ⻹㣬ɽڼͼҲһĵСſ˴졣
ðɣ㲻ܲһѣȻˣһη
Ǹұƽᵽɼ֮ʱһͷסһתĴ֮ʱдӳһǬ
֪ΪΣһĬž仰ʱɵ뵽ǸƧɽȣ±ϵʯ̡Ѱʲôȴȷ
һǬľ磬кƴʹ⣬ҽǰһĿȴǸһϣٳŲǸһ֣һƴԽԶţɣǿٵصƣ꼤Գ֣
״ЩϤ
һվãܼž˽סϢҳš
ѱһԺȽյĴţĬĬ񣬻֡
һƽյĴʱһɫĹâвݿܵȻ顱һ㽫Ƶɿ⡣
һأǰ죬ֱֻͬһ㣬û˿رһƿ
״ԶΧ۵˲ȣٴĿɿڴֻǴŵĹâ˸һԭδÿɷȴһƽâƾն̶һѽɫķɽ
ת֮УĿĽâȻţɲǱ㽫һɸߵĴŰڡн裬ǽɫâɢ˶ݣΧ޲˺Ŀ


436 һǬ
δϵɫâǽȴǻߴСʹһ㣬ǰ£âʣٴ죬д
šɡ򡭡ʻ֮䣬ɽӣ֮ʱľĴ֣âӯǬָɨ֮ƣǳʧɫ
һƽâһ٣֮ʣһ磬ۻҵƣһʡ
ϡ
һ֮ʣһԽ˵ͷǽĻ꼤֮ʣֻǡһǬдּӯĽâȻһһ٣̱͵ĹâƵ۾ʱÿһΧ߽ԲҴһ̣תĿȥ
䡪һ첻ɸߵĴţ˲֪ǧ֮ã˸Ľâ֮Уһ̻򿪡
дһʣĽâͬȥת˲ʧӰ١дϵĹâɢ˱ģֻǣͨ򿪵ĵſɼ֮뵣䲻澿ȴʹ
ΧŵʿţǸ֮ˣɫÿһ˵ӿ֡Ƭ̵ĹЩ˵ɫȻͻȻתΪϲ
վһһ㣬̧üġпػĹˣɫͻ䣬һ˵ڣѴ
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ĺһ졣ڴܽŵһɲһ١гâڵһĿȻ
ʮɴСĵ֮ڣտյһյʯ̨֮ϹͺͺģʲôҲûСԶһ¥ݣȻͨĶ㡣
˿ҳɣһֱ¥ݶȥӰʧ¥ݵľͷʱʱλ𵤺ڵĸ׵崳˽ﲻʿ
Ķ㣬ȻǿտһƬһŵʯ̨һɨһۺת㡣λǽ˲ϵƣһ磬ƴȥ
һӵӣƲסĵܣЦϷԹԾܣʱɽȨȲ磬ұƽں治Զ׺ţһѭ¥ϼ
㣬ɡһͷҲصرĲ㡢㡢㡢߲㡣һ׷󣬾ֱ̽Ҫ֮ʣǰһֱӴܵСͻȻһʹ˽Ϊ֮һ
İ˲㣬һδֱ¥ݶȥϵĽһбεһתǡöӡˣȴδͣ£ǺǰУԵЩ졣
һһ׷֮˼Զӵ˲δټǰ׷
һ㾹ǽƱ鲼СܰȻ˵ߣһ˵ɼҽƣʱ仯ȴ·ѭСߵıǽƼķ϶
ߣŶͣϲĽ裬ʦŴСӣòܷŹһ϶ѰǧĶ
żλһ׷˼Щ˵塣ôһڵСǣ˴ŵĹעҡͷСӣǿأ
Ȩȸں棬һֱϹۣû̺ôͷ˽Ƶĵ룬ʧ˵ʲô
ﰡӦ͵ǸĹұƽҲ˵Ǹյʯ̨
İ˲㣬ͬʮɴСһƬطͬһյʯ̨ͬǣ˴˽ƣʯ̨֮ϣһ͵Ĺâ֣ȴһۿ嵱֮һƬۼף
ףٴγĻǹұƽ˫ĿƵ̰δ˵Ĺעʱÿһ˵н͸
ףһߴСŽۼףʲô
˵ĿƬ֮˼֮󣬱˲ͷǹұƽ˵Сӷǳ׶ȥҵӣɳϣ֮Ϊ죬ȫһ԰
֮⣬ҽԼʶɾƵ˴ŸĲͬ˵
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ۿӵ󣬱Ϊܲˣһȴڰæ֮в֮еһ߷϶ǲҵͫ棬ֻһת˾
ֻеһ߷϶ޣһֻϢһһǰû¥ݣֱǸʯ̨ȥ
һΪ׶ȥȻ˴Сͫ˳˱ǡᣬܺùǼˡ
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İ˲㣬ʮҵĴСյʯ̨¥ŶʮԶһǾƬײʮɡ
һʱȥôԶʼɣǰУЩϸӫܼסȥ·ʹ˲òȥѰ١еƣһӵ˽չԷɴԭ
ҲȤһһɣˣ˵߲ıѱȡˣ


437 ɼر
ʮɴСһƬط޴ȴǶеөʯǳһ㣬ӳյͨյʯ̨˷£Ϊ档ֻܵĿտʹƬΪĿ
δԵʣЪϢƬ̣һԸеЩƣӵ߳Զεҡҡͷٴʩչ֮ͫѰŽ¿֮·
һʱȥ߼ĵãӼ˵Ľչǰ߳ʮԶʱһյʯ̨ǰ״⼸еżˡ
һſǰͷӡߡȨ빫ұƽ˴˼ӡŽӡǰҲް
֪ΪΣǰıӰұƽһĨЦĬ˼֮󣬱һ㣬СǰߵĲΣʶ²鿴
ףСҪõˣͻȻһӡȨ˽̧ȥȴǱСȥһǸԽ½һ
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йĴɣֻôԭءƳһۣΪǺϾ˽֣һЦȨǿΣȴֻǻıϹۡ
߲Դ˽ƣ㼴̱ûұƽεҡҡͷɫ
ߣ밵ĳ޷ʳߵ³˾ȡ˵һ䣬ַףʮسŴ˵ɣҪǰҪ֣Ϊã
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ǺǣԸߵѶรˣŵһУȻأӲʧʱһ䡣ƽϣԵĽ±øӽ
ŵʯ̨ߴСһ͵Ĺâ֡
һʯ̨֮ǰƬһҵףϸСС󷨡֮׿һӵˣת¥ݴɫЩɡ
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ȥ׷Сӣ߳ұƽһܵûӰˣæʱѡױȡߣƶʱʧˣȻСܵ죡ڣ¼ͬʱǴ¥ݡ

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һĿǸʯ̨֮ϡͬڷһȻǼȴ쳣ۡȴһȻǶЩ졣
ĶʹһϾ롣гâæѰ·ǰ
꣬ӵ˸һƬǹ£Ȼǵ»֮µʯ̨ϣһöȱƬʹ׹
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Сӣ׹㣬ƬҺɽڱص֮
һӲˣ˲빫ұƽƽϣæ˵СӣеһбΪУȾָٸҶֶţһ㣬ϷԲ˶ߣ
һ֮ܽŷδز㵣ݸϵΪڵĸǽ𵤺ڵʿ˴εɾ֮Уɲˡǲ۵Ƭϲһ˿ĲѰܴеõ޳ԪӤŷأ
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һʱȥŵʿ׷ӿĵھŲ㣬ȴֻڱԵ˸ǰ벽
ԶɡӡȨǰ࣬ŲŲһʯ̨һ֮ڣһһֻƬס
ŽǬɳ˼ζͽ޹һֻôš̫Ŀôرνһ㣬۶ʡ
ͬ˴һ˿ŰӣԹдмֶ⣬޲ýǸСӸˡ
ǹ£ʮСŽƵıԵһ»Եôҫۣʯ̨ϵƬӳضһƵķ϶һԶĿƬϣ˼һסҡͷ
δȡƬһת
أ׿ȺֻĿɫʾ⣻ľԶڶƬڶʿһ޶飬ȻδӾлعĴɣȫ߶ʶ˫ʮָڲ֮ͣܽһǰΣһ̧߲ͷɫ͸ĪļУַ׵𣬵Եô࣬ԶȨޱ飬û˲µ͸˼վȺǰĹұƽ仹΢Цȴ߲ԶվļλòŮ޶ԣǶʯ̨ϵƬԵüΪĹע
һп̧ͷĴһһջĿ⡣ٴοǰʯ̨ʱЩɲȡĶ˵ͬŵǰΣ˼Ľƻ˲ٶʧˣ谭֮£Լ𵤺ڵĸֻ֣Լ˲ܡ
ȡʯ̨ϵǿƬɵ׷Լߡ˴һ㣬¥ݿȥ౻ӿʿµģǺã
ѣһ̧ͷ⣬񷶥ҹģȻ·ˣǲǽû󰡣漴Գҡҡͷʯ̨
Բεʯ̨һߺߵķԲͬһʯߣôšһ»£䡣ǿƬͬһ๸òǶ
룬һü΢ָ̽ȥһâʱסϢȴָͬһεǽڣȴβƣӦ˲ʯ̨ϵĽ¡
ϲҪԴĥһʱһ̧֡ϵĽضĿΪ쳣
һһ̽׵֡»ˮһ㵴ɫۼףͬµĹâһ̽ڻӳһֱ۾׾ٵ̽С
һһǽԾʯ̨֮ϡ˫֮ʱСģ漴ʯ̨һϥ
ڶΧߵ޶ãһ׾ǰСĽɫۼһӲִܸܵǿ˼Ƭִ̣һ־ǰһھѪȥ
СӣûףαļƬҹұƽҺɽڱݣұƽ˵
Ӻһ˵Сӣʶ࣬ٽƬϷ͹Ϸ㷨ʩδɣ
һ׿Ǽѵõıˣ˵ΣͷܾһĻʱ͸һĹСֻʱ˵أ˾ⷬԵЩŹ֡
СӣҵĻûУҪʶʱźðᣬдõǰ;أĪһ֮׷ĪѽұƽɤŴʹļ׵ӡ

˵Ͳ֮֮ͣػ֮鼱֮£޲ֽѵһôһأˣӻͷʹһ;֮Ȼ򡣶䱾ˣʱͬʶäһ㣬ܵΣô˵棬רļۺ
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ⲻҪôȥԼſˡ
üͷһһھѪɫ԰ףȴǲҵһ־ɿ֮У׻С֮ٿȻûӰ
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Χ۵˽ɫһ֪һˣʲôŹ֣Ǽɫһ䡣ֻǹ£һСɵĽҡͷβǲܵĽƣֱΪ׵Ĵɶ
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Ų쳣ɫһ䡣ŰĽ˽ƣܵʱ
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һ̵ĹλЩЩǱ˳˽ƣȴǵطʯ̨תûһֱۡ
Сʵɶ񰡣ȫģٴνⲻҪһۣܽΪ֮ΩһССĽ֣һҪΪˣø


439 
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ѨһΪҿѰʦðãҡ彫˵꣬ɫһ䣬֪һ㣿
ɫһϣȴ˵ʵΪһȣ㲻֪жرȴ㾳أʵ˺ģ
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δһġӯȴѲµʲô֮Ųɡ˽סת

ĵھŲ㡣
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һ޴ȥǰĽΪһϣɱһʱݣʹοˡ
ߴʯ̨ǿƬһռһĵطһĶã֮ʱܵĶ
㣬ǰ¹ȥˣһƺ˸߰˳ɡͷ룬ҲûҪɱԵʡ֪ˣʲôûˡһȥһãǶá𵤺ڵһһڵʿ˵̫ǿˡ
ʿȱٵʲôģһò㹻뼸ԷϼһȱٵģΩˡʶŲɡ
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룬һһǶģΪµƬǰϸϸꡣһԾ̲ԶĶ孵дǸϵõģһ֮󲻾ã
ǵôеõڶƬʱһΪ⣬ºԶ孵ǿƬϣȻʮֵơǣƬһ˾õǺһͬΪһ塣֪ǿʮ֮ң
£ǾɺϣĵھŲ㣬һƬͷе飬ģ˵¡֮䣬ɲǧ֮˵ˣɷ֮˴ɾ
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أװƵһ˫ָһƬҴţ˼ԺὫеƬʯ̨֮ϣֽ仺ƴյһ
һ赵ģһǰһָķ϶˵ϣڴ๸ȱȻһ㡣⡭δɴ۾
ŵľٶֻ֤ʵͷһ²⣬δʯ̨ϵƬֺʱ䶸һˡֻԭеһָ϶֮䣬ȻйâƬ˴ǣٿȻǺϵһȣɫ䡪
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Ƶ֮Уʱ٣ӵ¶ϲɫ֮ҵͬʱˡ
һأԴɵţĿȻӵ˹˲ȥûףǴͬɴ۾
δֹŲǰǹ֮£һԲԲ赣ҫĹâʯ̨֮ϻ๸Ȼˣ϶ͬʧӰ٣һϾ赣
赽һͷԶյգΪҵĹâȻէйɲʱ˫Ŀʧäֻáһǿķ綯ʶ̼䴩͸ʹĻ꼤ƽ
һ̣žһĴٴδҫĿĹâ֮У赾ѳǧƬƬڿƮɢǧ㡢ǹ⣬ʯ̨һ
𶯸ΪңȴŲŲһС


440 ԰
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һͣȻģһǹûڡŵĸˡ
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һ̣ɾÿһλʿϣһâÿһλʿӰŹâӲͬĵط˲ʧˡ

һյİʱ֣ŵġȡУͻȻĹâ֣űֳʿӰֻǣÿһʿԵЩãȻ໥ѯʣ֮
һâһŻ۵ˡ֮ʣ˳´һۣ־ԭʧȥӰʱӵĽ쳹ɽȡ
ͨ£һ

һƫƧС֮ϣһ紵ƾðһ˵ӰǴŴһ
ʹ˶ٻأǲˡŵġȡһ̣һһķɶݶȥ淽ֻǰԼĪһ칤ֱڵΪ̣
У˰ɣŵĵؽУࡣֻǣӳȥԶˣ˴ʲôط
һǰ£ȥ룬תٱģԪò£ֽϽ«Ǭ̧ǰȥ
һߣôԣҰ㡣
һʮĴ庺żӣòغѼæšԶУһ˵˵ľͷҲûתˡ۳ŵ˷Ρ
˽ͷϵĴ°ƣӴѼֱǺЦʦ˵ˣһؽھ
ǸʦǸˣŹԷ˲ġӦ
Ǻǣʦտţ¡λǣת׼䣬ӼһǰȻʡߵĶԼĶӻˣæ߳һ߻ôֲΧȹ֣漴ԭء
塢ˣȴ·һ֣ɡ
òᣬüĿʣϴŵЦݡһĻҲԵؾҲǸµģƫƧʲôùģ˭˴Σ
Щ㵣һʱ֪λػ˴ЩæҵһۣǺӿڳλСǹͰ롭˵һ룬ֻεһЦ
æӲó߬ΧȹԭشתֻȻˮǰȴǰˮư׺
ཡһˮĸˬĨ죬һŸ˱΢ЦתǰʩʩȻ¡ģǺǴࡣ
ľͷȥкһӺǺЦţһѳһԣ˴
˴ǳ濤ĵؽ磬ڵ֮ң⺺ǣһӣľͷСһͬĳϰȭţżǰգӴ˵ʦȥǼھ֡Ϊˣ˷ܡľͷǶʮİСˣھַݲ£Ѱ˼ҵŮӳɸңӾ˱ͷ
һȦӵͰʣΧ˲ǰªԺ䡣ֻѼˮǶֱСﴫư춯вȵζǰжְȻһУʹһȴľĶǡЦţĬĬţѵõƽ֮С
һͷŸ٣滹һΪ׵׷֮һĻ಻ͬڳ˵ķΣʹֲ
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÷ʱľͷ˳ظϻˣ˿ˣЩ⣬漴Էֵܡ֮³β͡
ľͷʮͷͣúܿࡣڵϣǴżֺЦݡ˵һ·ˣЦ˵ԷǺõ֮ˣǸѧȻ֮ˣ·һ˵أ
ﻹһ˵Ļһ棬ľͷ㲻ˡЩʶʦʦھмʶĹ㣬ʮ˴Ǹ֪
ľͷ󣬲ǰࡣ𻰼䣬緹ѱˡС£ᴶ̣бˮķ紵ʹ˸еˬ⡣
ũСˣһľͷһΧǴǸ˵ֲ赭Ĳɾ⣬һ̳ȰƣԱ߶÷򴽶Ц
˵ľûôһ֮˲ٿףԴ
ζѵõζδԹһסſ˶Ƥգ˳Գ£ʹǼЦ棬Ȱòͣ
ľͷҪȥڴ£ҪһڴЪϢһһٽͬȥϡ޲Ӧӣлǵ㣬һȥߵ˯ȥˡ
ȥæѼȴǰ벹żͷвסȴ־һе̬
ũӵУæͷ
µһתͷ˫еȣȴŴа֦ĬĬ񡭡ǹ׹¡ֻƬƬڣ㼯ʶ֮Уţһַһ𡭡
µһ۾һʶַ


441 Ǽ
Ω˹֮⡭⣬򡭡Ī⣬ߡ
ʲôھǹ
첻زҲ˽ԡ澭̫֮ģʹ˳ɵ桭
澭һƪģͨƪǴÿһͬεĲͬ
֮ν⣬Ҳϰأƣ˼֮˼֮˼֮˼֮֮ͨͨǹ֮Ҳ֮Ҳ
Ʈͨ⡶澭ʹһʱסǷʶʧȴˡ
ͬεĲͬ
˫Ŀյһüͷϸϸžġʿĳڣ飬澭ǽΪΪء¹ǽ̥֮ϢŻ֮Ϊ顢йΪľϹΪ֮󣬻Լᵽһ쾳ǳķ롣ƪһ֣⾿޴֪
⣬򡭡Ȼˮɡ˼֮˼֮˼֮
ȥĺɫ٣һأԱ˫ۣٲ˯СΩ䶯Ĭʲôһֱ߽ľͷתٿ۾ãɫУ˼
ðһǸ˻ҳڳȣϯľͷһڳ¶ޡ
ǰ³һ¸ҹˬܳ󣬼өȤȻ
һŲϯµˣľͷ˷ϲ¾ˬϡһ΢Цţʱ䣬ɫȴ˼
ŶݣɽͬҪ侮ʯʱĹ˵ѳΪյأ٣ǻزȥˡȻδڱᱻ׷ɱ
ֻζԴԼ֪쾳Уͷһ̬ʹĪʹ˲²͸˼ߵһԼڴû֮ˣ
ĥ˰ΣǶԡ澭֪ⲿΪ͵ûô֮ΪߣлࡣеҪ壬ЩԪӤϼһ˵ԢǷ˵֮£Ϊϲ¥
ֻǣ澭ַϣѰһİݣ㣬罫ţǽ¡빫ұƽ˻ǲܷŹԼգеĶܻܲһδ֪ѽǿԼϵһУš
ƥĪڴˣ
Ϊӣ˵ĵطûСΪݺ֮ʱֻ϶Ϊһʱ˵İʾԼǼҲãʾգǱһǾΪȭͷ˵
һ˶ǰǸָӡ޴ʱ򣬱ֻԼȭͷԼĸֵ
һǵ׵֮ˣһеӣ֮ʱ˵Ļ˵һ¡
һֱʦĽ̻壬رĶȻȴˣɳʱָΣĲȾ˳ȻȻ²ܸۡ
棬װһζ⣬γʧȥң
ˣȶ㿪ɽΪãòҲڷףԾ۱䣡

յһ磬һӣľͷһѭСҴ·
ڴ壬ڴڵȴһˣǸʮ׳ÿԶԶرĺӹЦš˱ľͷеʦƣΪھֵʦ»ؼң˳ľͷϣΪͽѰһԷĲ¡
òȡˣ׳顣ٻûһˣӣδر㲻ע⡣ʶһԪģݣԵñԭÿࡣοʦֶһһò
ϴʱһɴཫȥˣ˸ѰķϡʱмģʹľͷʦˣкøС
ǸˣԺˬ̸ٴ·һ˵һЩšʮ·Զ˵㵽Ǽ
һˮС򣬽ֵˮУ뷿šŴ֮󣬱Ǽҵھڡ
˼ҵ˵طһǡ²˵պسǣʱɽСԷѧ֮ˣ߲ÿɷЦŹ
һʦͽֺ󣬱Ѱ˸ӣȽһĻۻ·˸ȥֿڵǼҿջҪ˼Ϸס¡
ǼҿջϷڶ¥ƾٽ֣齡ʡȫʤڸɾˬƷԸһշţ¡
ҪĿϢһҡҡͷϽ«˿ھơôжԽʿģѳϰߡıбžȻס
ѰһƧ˴Ǽٽ跲׵ݣΪˣһá֮ĪڹȸǸɴʱСοʮء಻һζĶܣҪŵĶ֪ʶڷ֮УʧΪһӡ
Ȼ˴ͷ֮һһˣȥʲô֮νСɽ֣У
εƲƲ죬һžƺ«ٴѾԶ
ǺӵݺԵʣֻЪǼʧΪһֵڡʶУһٻ˼ϵ֮УʿӰһķС
ŴڵһʯţӭοӺݡڵģһŻҰ׺ߣһŮţµ´һԻһһŮ㣬̬ǡһӣǸ˵ģ


442 ͬǵ
Ϲ⼸ˣߵ۵ģǼҿջǰѰٽ£Ȥ˵Цš̸ЦȻһ
һӣ˵ˡӦΪ˵ĹԱˡһһŮΪŮΪöˡ
ӦҶԵʣһ·Ķĸп˵Щ
ôһ۵Ĺȥʮ֮ãνδģë˥Ǻǣ֮꣬ҶҲ߷̾һӹŮݹĲյֳһԵŮ˵꣬ҶǺ尡δ룬ӱޣﱲΩ˶ѡ
Ǻ壿λΪһ磬Ӧһѧҵˡ
һԵӣŶʮͣòӢȲȴشһۡʱЦ˵游ǣлϥ£֮ҲһŮǳԿο˵Ĳʢ֮գ
С£ߺǺһЦ˵С˷ɼҷ֦ܿɢҶ˶鹣ѽѰһ£ͷȥһ׮Ĳźð
游Ҵһ˼ѰʵﻹйɼҰŮӱԹһ䣬ֳ˵磬㲻ȳɼң֮ȥ޵ٰ
Ůɫĳȹòʮ߰ͣҹģ˵ɤˡԺʿɫҡͷ˵޵ɳɼңɼ޵
ᡪһ߽յϣ̬ϵ˵ôۣТ޺Ϊ󡣻ؼ֮ΪѰһ£ôˣӲ棬ȴҪõۣԷȴ̧°ͣʾһؽһɫһֻεҡҡͷ
˵˻ѭŽֵȥһݡһأڴǰĿȴװĺϡɺϰɣУˡСֹʲôǸˡ

ǼҵǸߣһľͷĿе֪õĶ˴Ĵ帾䣬֪ɵĴڡںηɽϣûۼ
ϤЩһ˲١ˣδûɵĸַɹȺеʿǸ⡣ɷలµΣӦ䱾ӡ
ǼҵĿջ֮УһеضȹաֻǣǼʶ֮Сκεķ紵ݶָơ

һգǼһ㵭ĳ֮Сڵͷ뵵ˮϣͣһֻɵĴˮĺӵ϶壬ʶִɳƵǴˡ
˴˵ĹԱңл͵Ǽھһˡ˵ˣ֮ʣͷϳһӡ
ڴͷˮ糿֮ʱôһ˳ͷϲδ⣬ȴͻȻʦڣĳӦڴβæˣæͷЦԭֹӰԴ׳ھֵͬдк˵ǰ˵һλѧ˳紬֪ܷи㣿
Ŷ飬·˺°룡æͷӦʡƵл壬кֹӽⰡ
߱һǺЦ£㳭°ڣ˴ƹ֣ߵǰл
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ˣһɫһ⣬Ūɳ׾ǶԷ۵ԼҪĶˡ뵽˴װȥæ˵СĴΣ˵Ѱʵ֮٣ʵȤ£̧ͬ٣
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һεЦЦԴȴһϲ𡪡
żͬƽԭ˶˷ˣ
˵ӣԳƽԭ˵Ķ˷һʩ󣬱һǰΪеЦδѽγƺ
Ц̼佩ϣһεػһ˵ִҰ׶ѣ޵ţ
磡ôĴʵѰɷõͬ˸ˣֳģʹӼΪá
ǺǣСӶࡣִѲ⣬㽫Լӡ˷ΪţȴֺȻʲôԭŲӣ߶߶˵󣡼ҲҵҪ尡һҲɶѲΪһҵ֮ѽ
ʧ˵һ䣬һɵôɫ𶫷˷ƶ꣬ҡҡͷЦ˵ɣŲ٣
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ϲɵĶ˷ֻһѰķ˰ˡһ˵ⷢӣײһɡʹǣıڳˡҲ˵һˡ
˷ֵģһЩɹֵĴšԴˣһȤû֪Щţֻǣҵı
ǼԷ·˷Щ˵ҿǽύһλˡ
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443 ;
һعͷΪЦˡ
ɲˡΨֶԷԼ˷˵λ¼ɳǷ֮ͨԽӽġҶҵǷˡ
˴˷ڲԣЩػͷ˴ա̶һʼ磬εӣ˵游ﲻἰ¡ɣͽκΣ
˷˵һȻ಻ʡֻǵЦ£ˡ
Ϊѵ˵ô䣬ʾԼ֮ɶԷ飬ʹö˷ʧ䡣
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ҵ漮Ϊ濤ĳԨأбȥĳԨسǣǶҵլڡ˵˷ֹһǲ²⵽ʲôΣ侳ȥ֤ʵһ
ʱ󣬵˷ΡΪܸŶ˷һٷʢķʳ˭ڱٹȣһȥˣԻʱִһЦֱҡͷһڴͷ羰
ھֵ˽Դĸһһ˾ȣƱǰⲻף÷˵Ŀ֮ʳοԺȶ˵ֻӡ֮ʱǸΪ˻һݳʳ
һԷǳֹ㽫˳ˮ飬ʦͽһֹⷬľͷЦȴ಻ΪȻһˡڴٹȣһλˡ಻ǴӰˡ

ͷûˣϱһ֡
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ƽȣھֵļͷתһ۴βľͷһǺЦţǶԼͽΪ⡣
ʦԨسǲǰ·̣˴ձɵִҺӵƽаȣΪλҪھֻأһк𻰡
ֹӵĻƺֵȴǲ֡˵ٻ˼ھֻͣ·Ȼ˷աҵȱ˵ƽ˳Ҳ׬ǮھֵӪأЩӣ潭ɲ̫ƽȡ
һϴģ˵Ҳǵ;˵ֻ¶ĵ꿤֪ȥ
˵Ĳ̫һȴˡ꿤½ðһɣΪһԪšһˣһ书黯꽭޶֡Ƕ̶̵ʱգ㽫˸ϳ꿤
ĽУպյ˱˸ϵ޼ҿɹ飬˳濤˲ϰݣĴɢʿͼһԪپۡ
ݴһԪŵᣬĴ֣ҵǹ룬ɷʶʿŷѰҳɾ͸ֵĽݾңԶɴЩ˼ұ㱻һЩ˸ˡ
֮У˭ûиĴر˵дɼıǺ濤Ľö·ϲ̫ƽھֻ͵ۿҪˣԭӶھȻ۷ǼҵСھֱôһ׮⡣
꿤һԪţȻԪˡδ뵽ɣǿʢ˹
һΪԪеο֮ʱͷҲһֲ
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һѰŵӰſǰ£꾰ĽŲű˵Ҹڷдꡭ֮һ
תһ΢Ц⣬˵ðţﲻ˹ãòĶ࣬ɫ䵭ȴ֪
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һϯ˵꣬һĶ棬ɫΡ
ҽң̸ֺأ仰ѽһǰλŮӣΪ͵صͷЦ£˵ĪȰֻͷ
ǰ֮üĿ㣬Ǹ˵ģϧˣɫһ۾ҡͷЦӣ붫Ӳһ֮ԵýҵĻأ
ֳ֮ͬˡЩʧȴأԶһȻЩġ
ǺǣһЦ£ת˴⡣ʱɫī꣬´ˡ
£ߴĺˣߣһŲڼװæͣβ
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⡭Ǻã˷㲻øⰡ˵ĹԱһˣʱĶû
˷ɫף˵ĪǣһȺ·ˣǳҵȶأ
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˾ǳԼĪ˵ͷˣһʱ޼ƿʩƼô󺰣ˣ˵仰
Ϸǹϡ֮ˣϧǺ̾˿εҡҡͷ˵ˣǮ֮˾ȡǣֻ󹶻ѪԴ˶հ
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ĪҪ˶λʦȥɣ˰ڰ֣ʾλֺеĪҪͿҪ˷һİݣ˵ϧҵδɣȴҪ˵衭Ӷ̾һͷȥᷢ
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ֹӡƼһأҡͷлֻһתУ󺰵ھֵߡ
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һ綸ȻڴͷʱƷǼӣ֮һͦεӰ˶һҵǰ档
û˿ôֵģֻǼǰһǼֱ㡰ͨͨˤˮСֻͻһУʹöԷ˽һ⴬Ͼһλ֣һΪ֮һôߵ书
Ǻηĸ֣˵Ļ
һ˫̧֣°ͣĬĬҹɫС˵Ļδϣôɱˡ
һʱ䣬ϡϡˮ˵ÿһ˶ڶǸįӰڲ²˵
Ϊˣκһ˶Էһ˵ҹܲԺδҪȻƮˮϵʬףԳ£ɤһ䣬ߵȫҪ


445 ǡʱ
һĻ˵꣬һԲġԷʮ֮࣬νһһնɱһ˵ֶΣ
˶һĻЩ˸ǸеЦǸΪ֮Цһ֪ĳСӣ飡㷽ŵһֶβǻ˰ˣ浱˲ɣ
ˮеĺӲӲ޴龪һɵ÷˼Ц
ԽֶΣɱˣ˵һ䣬һͷһץһѸֵϡһɵʱɭȻɱεľɲǼӿÿһ˵ͷ
ԷţһԭʧȥӰһǿ磬Ѹϯ󴬣ӹ棬ϮȥеĸֵΪһ塣ͷء
ٿȻȥһƮƮص˴ͷϻǰѸֵĿѪδȾϡߣ˽ס
Ŀɿڴˣһֽ˺ˮУɫ˵Ӧ绻ѣˣ纮塣
㡭ɱôˣδ
һ̾˿˵ɱָ֮Ρ

ɱе֮ǰһԷˣһȺĽˡ˵Ǳ˷ģܾñ󻹲ʲôΪ֪Ķ֮ٱȶԷȥ˵ֵø󡣶㣬ҵĻδʧȴ˼ֻ֮
һд⣬ȴ˿Է˵ʶɱ˵ľֹʹöҵ˵ɫٴβ
ϵ˽߳գһ㱻ܵѪסˡҵ˾δһֻԸӡˣ˸Ҳӡ
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448 ֮
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450 ֮
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ʦԣһԺ⣬ϰķ󣬲׿ȡɾرɴ֤ϵŵһ׮ǧ깫һ࣬䲻֪١֪λͬкߣһһ
˵ŹӣжΪֱΪӡʩ÷λ𵤺ڵĳϣǽڵĳϡ
ʿ֮УĩλİŮʦׯƣüɫǡĴɣǸСǸϵŵǧ벻ǣ˽ܣΪŲţʹԼʦͽڷ˼֮ϡǺã
֪ҷɽţżδټΪǲڷ֮Сˣɾ鷳ˡҵܲڷ׼󶯸ɸɣλ𵤺ڵĳϽΪٵģ˵ĺˣҡͷԵ޿κΡ
ʩͷ˵ʦǼǣţģҵΣ
ߣλʦܲӣϵĶǹغŵĸغҵȵСıӣһȣδǵգλͬŵĵͷ͡
¿ѰٶʲôһϵĶҵڣֻΨ־ŷװˣʦǣ˵һ䣬ʩ˵Ȼ÷Źӣɡʦֿߣ
鳤밺ͷֲмذһ⣬һֻͷȴ£ҪȡһżѵĿ˵ŵġķȱ˴йһ֮¡ҵΪֹڽ𵤺ڣڴ˲޸ϵСӵϲġķеɼƬ˵ͨɾ;ֻһԳɵͨţЩӦ֮װױһСӣĪλʦŶˣλʦˣ
ӵɤߣֱǵ۾ʹڳͬȴ䶥ײЩǳԵĵ˭ãǸһǲܷŹǴһҷ𣡸οʦδ˵Խ֮١
ʦܡ˵ǣԵӦʣӵɫЩÿ˵һ䡣
ңӵɫ˻ŹӹΪų£˵ɾرһ࣬µĴѰ޻񣬶¶ȻٵȥʴˣΪżƣͨŹͬһɽƧҰǷ״򣬽Ӧ֣ΪСӲһ޵⣬ɽڹұ޳ԪӤһ£Ѵ÷зŲˡ
ӳӵĻüͷʵΪһСҵǴ󶯸ɸֺ꣬ٽɽڽأολʦδ顭⣬δСǻͬŵĳЦ
ʦֺͿڶ˻ȥɫ˵¸ϵشĪ˵һСһʦµش֮ŲλʦУУͨţ֪ûΥߣʱĺɽŲ£ǽ֮ʱֻץסǸһ֣γҵȵΪܸϲ¥ʱ֮˭棿µʱƣϲհǰ˺Ѷϣ
ôһϯ˵ϣԷĻﻰֲ޵ʹùְףɫһӡλʦܽԲֻõͷ˵Ҿʦԡ
ʦӢ˳һû˦˹ȥ಻˶ԷɫΪԵõ˵ڴдߣҵͽ塣һƣΪһԣ˵벻ջأֻׯʦá
²ɡׯƳ˵ɫһϵʵкβɣͽҪʦҪأʦõһʱǧĸ
ׯεʦ֣Է̾˵ԡԮܵͬʦֵܣȴᡣǾʦ˥Ļ̫ˣ˭Ҳ顣
һܽŵһйַδزܴССޡ֪һġķʦʦ洦ׯʦֺΪ˵أӵĻ
δزܴССޣׯƵɫɵó
ڴʱһնתһŹӵСδüͷһ壬˵ڱɽΧ仰δ䣬ڳͬžд㵡ˣ£˼
ɽڽŽˣڱɽڽһԪӷѯαǰȥֹӷеϳֳŭݣ˵һ鶨֮Уɽɽ֮ǲǰȥֹֻ´ս⡭
ɽڴ˾̫ˣźڣ
ɽ֮Ϊз紫ֻԤı
֮ǰɽڱ޹˺ˮµҡ˴ɾ֮Уֻѭ£δɳ̫ĵУɽڵȴͬգߣڶɵĵӱɱ˰֣ʵ鹹ʼ޶áŴڼҵٲӲֵȺ鼤֮ׯƸ˵ΣζԹɽڵ쳣ȴÿÿ޹˭ʦǱϢ˵ͷֽλʦ岻ɽţֻý伱̣øΡ
ϵŭδ̧ͬף˵ҵǰȥδ˵꣬һЦ˽ѭȥ
ǺǣǱĩðЦһ鳤룬ҡҡͷɤٴδŰ䲻ҡŭ䲻˵ҵǰʲôȫһһɽźڣڰɽΪȥ֮ͬԼڽһҵȲıŲˣɽ֮ǡʱѽΪλҪȥֹҵֻŵ壬ǡķҪҪˣһСӶңˣҭʳĪڴˣĩĪڴ˰
Уɽڽɱʿ֤˼˵ݬ⣬Ժϼӹӣ㻹ɽ˺ˮңƾһӵָ֤׹ٸ»Ҫ֤֤ȫͬҵ಻⣡ҲСʧ󣬶ȴҵҪץǸһ
һϯ˵꣬ɴڳƳȡһ̬ĿϢ
һʱׯƵؿ£̾˿һʱᣬźҡҡͷΪε˵¹شλʦֲڡҺɽֻΪһȥΪΪã


451 ǿеǰ
ԥʱڵġ̨֮ͷüãǧʿٴξۼڴˣɫء
̧ͷʱֵʱ֣ɵȴǼͷǷɽȫףɼڳ˴¡
һ̨֮վˣڵԪӣԼһĸĸЩѵһĳڴˣʹǵɴ˫ۣհŸ˵ķɡֻЩ˵ɫɲÿ
ڴʱ֮Ϸһ磬һʿҴҷԪӵǰ˫ַһ֮æȥ
Ƭ֮󣬺Ԫɫ
λ֮䴫ģ֮ʱ˫üһ˵ҪΪĪǵұɲɣվһԵ䣬溬˪˵ƹϹۣпԭŴ˾˺ģǺɽ֮ҰȻңѣ֮ɽ㸲ܶǸǺͿ
ʦ˵ĲԪӤǰڼңӱûĹǵˣ
ҵָǺã
诸ĸȨĸ̣໥ԹšĸȴǺһ˵кδ˵ģɽʦڶΪǸһ𣿶ԹۣΪ͵˼ҵĹ𣿡
һֱź̧ͷ˵ʦִԺⰡһӡ˵գſڱǵӴŭȵߣĪ˵Сˣ㽫˱ʮǰ겻ŰΣҲ˵ɽҪСӵ鷳ͬŹҸͽ֣Դ
ҪԪӲͷ˵ǿѱɽţԳ£ɺͳ

ЩǶͷϣ˵ĺԶڳ˴£಻ټˣ֪ԭɡֻǣһ֣һ̱ÿһμסˡʮʿ˼֮ǰŵӣǰˣ
ƣȻӣ˱£ǲֻ벻
Ⱥмһ룬ӣҡͷ
꣬ش˵ʦܹɹˣһ漴ٺЦˡܵĸɫ۹ʱ˹˲ɵֱͦĿбӵس̨Ͽȥ

ұµͨ뺣ҽʱ󽻳һȻɽţһ䲻ҵʲôˣʱҪˣǹغһ̣ϣλͬЭȴ˽٣
ԪӵɤŲ˵Ļȴڳÿһ˵ĶС
һֱȴı³ԴˣŲǲŲʣһҪЮҵȡΪһ´СʦҪɽڿսŵʵ
Ԫˮ˵ΪһΪڣ
һеһβɽڷ˵أСɽŲͨ£Эͬã˱ȥһˣգ̯˫ָ˵
Ԫӿһ۶Էδڣѳһ䲻ɽ֪ܲ⣬ʦܲĲ֪ɣ£ַװ˵ɽڽΪһʦڣҵȴǲܲ˵ؽ˳ȥ˾ٲǵͬĳЦཫڡţλĿԴ
Ļ˵꣬ɵպһ̶һƵľ촫ɽڻζδһ϶ۻɤɽ˵ͷ𡪡
ʱѵٲˣϷҪˣ
ͬ٣ԵĿ־ʱ˵ͷ̨϶ʱҺһƬ
߾
һ紺ը죬̨Ϊ֮һԪǰһȵзɽβƣ뾪ţ䡢ӣǰȥɽţ̣ӻ󷨣ʹµӳ嶫
ԹĺԪӣʱͬ˸ˡȶƣʹͷ󶨡һۣΪʦֵľϰͷɽ֮ʱȴͻȻתֺ
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̨µ˽ɫһ䣬ǰƽһʵӣΣͷĪɣ
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ٴκһӺһ˵ǹұǸˣҵɽȥһѡΪ˺Ƥǡݿ²͸λΪ°ΣƣһΣ
ԪޱĶӣһʱɲԷϾĸǶͬʦֵܣﲻԺദ˵ӵ۹ɨصˣǺЦһת̤˽磬ŻȺзɳλʿȥ
Զȥ˫ü˼£źԪ˵ȥɽſأСģԷб䣡
Ԫӵͷ˵һͬȥտµӣµļλԸһ̤𽣺壬ɽڡ


452 ת
̨ϵʿ½ɢȥ߻ΧһȺĵӡͽľԶվһ߹ȥ˵һξһ£ʦֻҪһܽɾתʦţ±ز
ʦʦܲϣָΣǵ˵ľԶһ԰̾˿ͷҳ
תķ˵ûڵıӻ֮û֮˴µ뿪˴ȥɽŽӦһ¡˵ţͷҲأȥ
ʦ壬һµġľԶ˵һ䣬ĬĬ߿ԭȻʧ

ľԶ˵˼ΣԼһദΣ˲ᡣǵģɽԼİΣ
ɳԶδʱͻǰһɶű缱һŭݵǴѪĺԪӡ״ɫ䣬δѯʣѴ󺰣Ѵɽš
Ľ½һתͷ׷ȥʵԪʦôˣΪҪɽš
ߣӹȻûģʹµӴɽŷŽұɣñʦײִټ佻ֲУֿȲ֪ʵ顭Ӹ
ʶʱ߲Ÿ𽫽̵ԭίͻȻŵĿЦһ̤ն֪˫üһԪӻ˸󣬱˴ٿȻͣΣһһɢ״һҧɽγ֮ӭС
𵤺ڣһڣƾСϷĶ֣߹ЦУջΣϷʣδ˷
һԲΩһĺ⡣ԼԪʦǽ𵤺ڵΪ֮£δغϱܡԪӤʿ֮֮ⲻޣսȥΩ·һɽݣʱһƬĻң㸲ڼΪųû·
䣡ȥټ󳷵ͬɽأʦڴˣ߾ȫΪȲһԪأޱ飬к岻ԶҪһƴ
Уڵս⣬˿ȴһ˿ůɫźԪӸмصͷתڵ˵ʦֵĻȥ
Ȧһ죬ȴŭݣ˵ͷʦȥ֮ˣǿе棬ת֮ʣ֮ʱҳɡ
Ϊʿȴ˵Ľ갡ǹ˳Ϸĺɽڰɣû˱ûˣ޷ȵοϷ򲢲˽޳ԪӤĸؽ˷߰գɫΪĵ⡣֮ⷬ£ڿ˶ڼ
һ˵꣬Էȴ޶ԣǰڳƴļơɫһڣߣִԲ򡭡һüͷ漴мغһɱ
ǲ˶ɽͻȻɳһ磬һת˲ǰ˳º͵˵ȥ¹󣡡
侹ǲ棬Ǿһʦ֣˳ӵתȥԪɫһͬʱһʦ֡΢΢׵ȻһЦ˵λ𵤺ڣ֪ԪӤսϼغϣλʦܣпһս񣿡

һգԨسǵĶϲӯš˷ˣ
ǰլҲʣһϲĳ档լһƧĸ¥УžģвͬǣһڵķУϰ˸ɫĻʹңˡԲϰ˾Ĳȣʹʳָ󶯡
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ڵ¾֮ʱһ¥еĶ˴˶ϵһأ˲ɿӾˣǸϵҲô˼仹סˡÿȴżӰʼЩ⣬漴Ȼˡļײβ
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ϵһ֮У˼档ͷϺһֻĬĬǡƶ֡
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΢ĽŲһϵﲻˡ£̧ͷȥ˵ִϲ֮գҲ㵱أ͹ȣлˣ
໹һϮȹ毺õݣһÿ£лң漴¶õɫ߹ḩصղӵӰƲأŹƣȴǡδֹɫһ졣
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һѲɫݶ⣬һϸϸ꣬Ȼ
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֣һʹһò¾̳ӣ˵㻹úȾ𣿡Էɫ漴棬ȥЦݣֲ޸п˵Ҵйĳ಻õ֮ѽ
ڶĻһδÿɷЦЦҪ¼Ժȣɫһ
ǰլ¶࣬СŮʧˣֵ֮ʣһЦЦץϵľ̳ӣ˵Ҫչأ˴š²֪ᣬȻ֪
Ӧתȥһȴüͷ͹˼ھƣַ̳£ԭʧȥӰ


453 ҡҷ
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ĵĽҴĵطΪڡټĵطѰһˣѰһһ㣬¡´СԼļ壬ǧʿȥأ
֮࣬һ漴뵽ʲôʿ˵ǳԼˣֻԼټԷڼ̼䷢ʿѶӵʱ鷳ɾʹˣ
ʮµףϴγӲŹȥ£СǱ㱻˶ˡץסԼŻǺɽڣǲˡ

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ٽԺŵһǰ֪ʱλŵ۵ӡ³֣˴һЦɴӣá
ʦ֣벻׵ĺ¶óûȺȾƣǺǣ˵ǸʮԲӣžƺ͹ࡣʦʮģ̳ӣЦȻ˴ⲻ㣬಻ɵˣ
˲¶ֵܶڴ˴պȥǲظʦץһֻȿʦҡҡͷ˵вɴˣݴɱʿֹһˣֵܿɲġ
Ǻǣҵͷܵʱ򲻻˴ģףɾˣʦܺǺЦ˵Цɤͣżô˸֪˵Щʲô
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գһŵԵŮӣǶ࿴Ϊ⡣˷ֻŵͷӦʣǼҵŮʲôʲôùʡ㣬ý֤֮ϲգ˽յϲ¡
Īλɳݰ٣һɾ⣬룡˷ʦֵܶ˵ǰ´һۡףϤžʹ׽žƱһִҵʩһ񡣶Էһֻ֣һ˳˵ϼϲĻ
ɽ·Զˣ³˫һƣ˵ţ˷Ǿ˵ڶơžˣΪе˵λɳˣҸ̻գԾֿ֮꣬һգ
ǺǣҵˣձҪȥʦЦ˵һ䣬ʦִϵлɹٵʢ飡
˷Ҫ˵ºġԱߵæˣʦֵܶԸкЦȥɹ٣æųԺ

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ҵһ磬ʯмѻһСѡ£ʯȥʮ֮࣬붼զࡣⲻʯأ
һſʯǶ˾Уֽļҵʵϵһǧʯ㹻ġһǧʯԭ붼롣ϱ׷ɱڲϵɱˡţɱɱţˣϵʯ
Ӱƣȡ֮ԵƲȡأȡȡ
ô˵µǲΪ֮òΪ֮ʿ֮ɣʹΪȹ̶̣ԼɵҪ˵ǿԲ顣
ʯ࣬ιǿԲ֮ΪԻ̤һСԸοǣԲ֮ǣתʹýڱøӵļͣһ컺š
ֵ¶٣ȥɣ
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ʦҿǰķԸˣɼҹʱڰ˷ڷתȦӣŵȼ˵ﲻͣ߶ţһҿûţĴݷõѣæųףֻʦ紫ڹӵȵĽ
Ǿδ˷Բǰδ˳ԹôǾأǾƱͣҲȲȥˡ
ƺ£˷ʦ֪ҵĻЩҿûæݴ꿤һȺ·˵أ޹ûӰǰ¶˵Ϸɣǣգ۱㲻ˣ಻֪٣һλҪȥ֮ĵ۰ʦ˵ɽһλɳͨ˲ãСУϲϳŵ۵ˣˣձȥ߶߶˵һᣬͻȻ˵
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˷һţϲʦȻڡɼҹӦģʱӰ
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ʦ޳Ⱑԣȥ֮ǰҳ֮󣬵ɷഫȻˡ
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⡭
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˷һᣬһţ˵ԹƣɷᱲִţգʦȥҲҡҡλε߳˸¥ֻҡҷ


454 ɫ
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صֱϣһ⣬ίʵԷΣʹָĵӦ֡ǽֵıĿɣһķţ˼˿ػ֮ƫƫһЩŹԼʹͬģɴ˿ɼŹǰ˿һɲ䡣Լ˳ĵػ֮ϽһĽ⣬˱졣ɣȴδػ𰡣
УŶ˷˵ļ¶߶߶ȴһǴûӰڴ˴˷ˣҽʿ֮Ϊﲻ⣻۵˲ȥܣϵ˻𣿶ŵ۵ˣˣԼ²İ˾Ųʮܱܷͷ

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˷ЯһòŮ¥ǰĻ԰У¥ϣֻ֪Ǵº͵Цݣ֮˺ǻΩ۽ʱʱƳôһ£⣬Ӳǿʦ˰ɣʦˣ
ϣạ̊́ĪҪָ˷һòŮһЦ˳ӦǡŮӦµУȻԻ
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Цҡҡͷһǰ£˵Ͷ˵һ룬ҵķҷ˵ͷ
һĬĬһ۵ˣ漴¶οɫᴹпԣ˽⻨СŮӦлҴ罻ʧˡ
ԣһδǽ֮ˡŮҵ˼ĪҪ£
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һЦЦƤ˹ȥóƿԸ¼ڡķ֮ƪڵศҩ

գһĽ̵˷ֽ֪֮һЩŽһһ˵֪Էڵĵӡⲻݣŵݻá
¥ϥǶ˷һȴǳ˳ǣ̤ںӵ
ʿ·˵ءµţǸΣһһֻ֪ܴӶ˷̽һЩ׼ļУȥ²йŵĴ¶ǼµķͷȥڱǽԼɽ޷һɢ޾ǣҲңڡֻ뵱Ȼ󣬴Խܰ
ⴺˮ̣˫ͯѣȤ
Ŵ£һɫһתȥǰĺӵʻһһǴ׵ͷ϶Ӱת۱˺ӵ̡ŮУһŻӦΪ̤ˡ
һǰȥǼӭ档ԷһλΪ̬֮ˣ˺䣬§ŨױĨŮӵЦţ̧ͷɫһ䣬ſֵ˫ִһżɻչظһʧˣǼŮҲˣͷܡ˶Ϊһֻ˵ıӰ
κŵѲиʿ緶
ֹǸˣţ
꣡ϲƺ

һԽǼŮŲæǰȥֱԶ˳ǽˣٿȻʧƬֳ֮ʮһƬǰ
һԽͷǸ֪֮ҪͷˣһӻȻǰæֹסŲĴŶԷЩܻ˵ԩ޳׷ֲϵ㣡
ֻ˵һӣʲôأһ˫֣ɫ
˺һɫдź˵ϻʿ֮ҲáУ֪ҵţֲϵ㣡ԡ˵ţת˼ȦŴͣŤͷ£žµģʵһ
һüͷʵӣڴ˴
Ǹ˺ɽڵĳӣ̲סԵһЦ漴Сشǰŵģҡͷ˵㡭㵱ҳӰོ̤Ρ


455 
һÿɷر˫֣һԲԷһӣϵķ£ת̾˿ߣͷ˵㣡˭Ǵжڶʮ֡նɽڵĪ֮࣬ҺԺˣͽţĴµգ˲֪˲⻹㣬͵ŵĹ˺ɽڵŷһҪץأأǸ˰Ȼһ̤;۸ʵˡ
Уأѵ˫۽šһǾһԣޱ顣
һʵˣŴһ޵˵ڴ˴ңʿ֣޷ǻɫڣ㿴۲𣿡ԷȴǷϽ«ĬĬһڡ
㻹˾ƣΪβ˵ͷŵˣ£ǣӶһɫ̽һ䡣
³һھһת˳ӣ£˵£һƭɽڵѪģŽҪץңˣ֪˵
һϮеϣʹóӷ࣬ƽ˼ֹֻǣȴ޸֮˵ĺеֻŭ
ǺһóһӵɫһȴС˵߷ʿķɽ赲һ
ôһ˵ǰһȴҡҡͷӵķһζһóһ˵ж֮һġ
⡭߷Ҳҵģ϶ʱЦݣһͷæȥٺһЦ
һδֽ֣߷˹ȥһʿ˵ʵѵõķǲʶĳæֵıһЩ˵ұôˡƭ˺ɽڵʿ
ֽӵУһüͷһ壬ʲôһƪĻķ
۰ҳӵΪ㻹Ų⡮ĻʹѪģ֮ΪΪӵæ˵һֵͷ˿еδǡ
һɫתһ£һЦʵǲֵѽԷͷϷһ£ǳԿˣ
һ˵ּΪˬ˵ƻ޷ڣ˵˵ŵΡ
ɾر֮󣬴һУԳӵĿ˵˳
ӻصͨԺһ͵ŵĹּˣôһת۵Ĺ򣬶ԷӰޡǣһó˵þ˽֪ɽڵﱻǸ˾ڵһˣɱԼʿʶͽܻ񣬺ɽڽĲݡ
ͬʱţµĽǲˡУһǺҲڶʮʿɱ˺ɽڵһλʿǲ˼飬ڵĪ֮౻նɱ쾳УǴڶǰݴĴţ׾ٵȡɼʹɾǰرաתʧӰ١
һʮʮ٣һĴ˴СԼļ塣һΪ˴棬ڶʿһδ档͵õŹɽʹ˿ȵļ顣
ץסһһ棬ϵıԼһ档Ǻ÷ʩ಻ͼãڶʿԷѰһ˭ϣһ¹ȥˣڹȵˣѰٵˣδǸ׵ټ
ʱ򣬺ɽڵұɣλĵĵλԪӤ֣ΪһСԳˡ
ֱǸ֣²ΪȡұɾǴĵضסڵɽţԷһȻ˼ұҪ
һʲôطû˵Ȼһڲڵɽڲڣ඼һʴˣλԪӤڵ˼Ҫ֮⣬Զ
ɽȻǽһæȡԷȴԵΪȣԹ͵һѣֻץסһȥɣڼ̡ɽ۸һ£Ӧһᣬֵǲòֹʡ
ɽţžӲ߿֮µڣȻǲ̷ֻɽء³ͻȻΣ֮ʱĸӽһɱͽܣˮʹµӴɽţĺԪ𷢾ʱȻӣײһĹұɶ
ұһȻ˲áδغϣԪ˫˫ӡ
ʱɽŶҳһƬұ׷ܵĶˣۿŴý㣬Σ֮ʱڵǰԨͦ
һգɽսұɡһսνĶǣ̾Ϊֹգλ𵤺ڵʿǲԪӤʿ֮ԪսԨˡ˲صĴ۱ʹԸοǣڵʿӳ졭
˴ʱһͷЩơסʵڡôûˣڵϵĳӣĭĽ˵ûˣûδ˵ְڰ˵˵ûˣڡ˵ڰɣûˣ
һüͷ漴ͷɻ
һս֮󣬳ԨɽһɽС
⴦ɽΪޱȡطΪأȴǿػЩгĵӱ˴Ԩ֮ɽȶʱ
ұǲԸݣһ³ɽȵ󷨱㶯ޱȵӦڵǰµģΪļ̡ڱƵ˵ĵزͬ飬ޱصøͰһ㣬κɽڵεҰԿȻ
˽࣬ұֻð֮֡ǰɽһĸȫˡΪͽ䣬
ɴ㣬˵ûˣһĸɽŶ˸ˡˣǰǸѲڡޱȣҴĲʿǻ𵤺ڵʿʵԲСʶ˵ڻڡ
һ³һϽ«ͷˮ磬ʮҾƱתۺ˸ɾŽ⣬̳ӣ޺޵عȥ


456 Զȥ
δžһ̳˵ϵƬľһһɫɣȴ̾Ϣһ
ɽڵľٶ⣬䲻֮ģé뱻ʱֶߡ˭뵽һн󱬷Ȼһأ
ûһڣұɻͷѰڵ鷳ֻµɽٵʱһֱŪĸܣ˵ǿң
Ϊһ֮˽ɽſһ֯һ˵⣬ȥˡһ˵ɡʮ֣ǸЦϰˡ˵̤;˵һ̻̲գβĶӲ³
УһΪûʲô֣Щδεɽ٣˴شûһšչֵʦŶأ˶ݡ˾Ǹ˿ģǸһأ
˵ģҶ˵ˡǸأǡǰɣ˵һ㣬ʵܲˡӷǲڴ˴ſһ䣬¶Էɴ౧Թһʵȴֺżɻɫһʵ㲻еõʲôɣһ˵Ϊָһ·
˴٣ЩļбʣһԹʵ
Է˵ʣӺһվ˫ǰĴţǰϧ۵ӣڱԹôΪôᡭ׵󹤷ЩС֪嶼ǽͷݣ⻹õ𣡡

ˣɵˡһûû׷˵صԭɣǷֵӰңԶȥ
ҡҡͷһ۹ԼϡôǮġĻӿеġ
ԾѪΪǣʶΪΪΣֻǣνԳɾͼĻ֮˵ľѪʶһõķֿԽƳʵ塣뱾Ϊ˴ˣȴͬһ壬֮ΪҲǡ֡
ֻĺҲ˵ˣ޳ɷΪĲסʱķűֵΪ
ֵΪڵΪʱ޳ڵķ
뵽Լôһ̾һӣ⺱ķǸƢԣһʱ޲ˣԴֳľѪƭɽڵѪģʵ˼룬ò
һʱľҵѪıе޿κΡɾУɽֶͬЮʿɼѪļѻ⣬ʮֵĴײӣȣ˭ȴǺܰݵģקקߡ
ʶˣһжѪĵķӣԴżȻһջã߷ռ˴ˡ
е򣬷ļ־ϲȻûˣһɫٴ
ˣ㶫أԶȥ
üͷ˼ãһ߳ƬС֡
պ󣬴ҹ
ûвǶһټ˸¥СóƬ彻Էôлܵ
һóһǬװһѷɽʮƬ߷ƿҩжٿʯ;붫˷һԷҪлʦƲΪڵӶ
Ц£һδԭίԷǸڻǲΪã½δزǰұ֮ĪΪ˴ˡ룬ֽǰϰġ롰ԷȻϣҪȫһЩźá
һ˾ٵǳ׼˵ɫȴ֪ڣ£תҵĻĬĬ˷һҪͷȴôҲȥʦҵ֮Īǵõһ𣿡
ǹŵЦݣһ˵ͷʾ⣬˵ʶԵȵĻԵڣ˼İ˸£ֺγҵĻԵ£һݣҪҲգ˵䣬Ӱʧ
һǰҡҷҹŨ֮ʱ
ֻǣҹɫһ󼱼ȥУмֲֻ֮⡣һҪ뿪ģȥ⣬ȥĵȥһ֪ĵطԿޡ֮ǰҪеʯȫߡֻҪ㹻ʯǷشΣ
һݳȥԶһڻҰֳΡͷ˵ٲ̧г룬ֽ
ʱһϻɽĪ֮һѽͬΪ֮ǲΪáٳһѷɽתһȥ
ҹɫڿеһɻԪģֻ¶ƶ룬һλˡΪǻûΪ˽𵤳ڣŽʿеʮ㡣˸·Σ˴꿤ʮ֮ңڵߣ֪Ҫٹ
һգһ˼λʿԷϵĽʿԶԶıرˣǰʡ˵ôģǰȥ
պһԸƣѰ˴ЪϢ˾ͷּ·ٽ꿤ʱѹȥ˽µĹ;ʿżײһʿȥȵķ򣬿нʶ뷨ԡǰɱķ


457 ȥ
һƬ԰лŽأΪˮơ£Ĳƺϣһ׶ѧ亩̬ģһԵĸĸЦͣ
Ԫһ˵ӶʱŰƶźӡŮӴЦԹ˵˶Σӵַʦ䣬񲻺ϡҵúһ
ӲΪЦԪһֺðһԪδĲѡϵСʱˤһӣƲƲҪޣŮæǰ˵ʦǳӵһ£մһ𣡸ο˼ҿ䲻ɣأ˵꣬ǰԶͻȻһϤɤ
ߣżղ㽫ҵһͷԻ㵨ӲС
ǰȻ޲ͷ֮ʣһ㵲޶ǰһɱ֮Ȼʮ֮ʱ䱻Ũصɱ֡˫üɫһͷɽͻʱὫһ˺ƬŮӽ׶ȴδҡԼɷһһӢۣ뾪š
԰оĵģȴһ⣬ˡӺ뵽ʲôһתϲغСʦ壡Ԫ֪ˣ
һ΢Ĺâ԰ֳһӰѱ˱ģһ׺͵ЦݣĬĬǰһڡ
뿪֮󣬻֪ʱֱܻȵ·ߣƵ֮ʣһԪ࣬ȴһ׮¡ʴˣһѰƬ԰Ϊһ˵֮򶯶þûĲأԪĺӶѵѧʱ
Ҿ֪ʦģԪݼʦ壡ӣʱû˷˸أеֻǾϲٲȻǹȥǸԪࡣ
ȥԪֻùһŮлʫأźǰݼ
һæӹӱڻУɫϲǷཱུСںڵ͸˵ĿɰͳһźӣЦʹȴһзǣ
һ뺢޼飬ԪȦûɵһȡ֮˹޶һЦһĬĬ㡣
Ƭ֮лʫȥĶ԰еͤһƻڷŵ֮У԰ĻݲѣأԴŵЦݡԪ಻˵ɴ෵а˼̳ӡ
һƣ̧ץһ̳ӱȥξˮĽֻͼ졣ת۱̳Ӿ˶ӣԪž̳ӲɵʵԵˣȾư
Ԫٺһ֣˵һ̳ӾƿжʮƴȾƣ಻ʦĶְһץ˵̳ƣ£ʵʦػĪʲôʣ
еľ̳ӷڵϣ°ڣһͤеʯ¡Ԫ໹ǴŹе鿴ԼȻһЦ˵ԶΣػزʶǰ㡭
Ԫ˵ͷȻӣٺЦֺηʦչ֮ʱһΪ˼ͽġһüͷһ壬ĪҪҶ౸񣿡
˴Ц
ʱԪһá˴ڷԪӵλ
ݣһϽ«ƣΪ졣磬յһȻԶȥϵЦòǰ
һԲ֮ҹ԰ͤУԪһڿ˾Ƴ
ǾñطĽӷƣãã;ͱƣû˵
žˮ¶ǣһ±ɽããԭ꾩ޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣һδξĶǵÿһؽٺҵȵȡȵȣ˵˵Цٴαˮ
ʱ֣ԪˡſʯϺ˯ץž̳ӣǻЦݡ̫ʹ˲ǻ

ʯűߣ£ɫľʹ·ڵľǴǰģֻϾɵԶЩӰ
һŰһʱʱ̧ͷ˴ϼ򣬾ɵεδкθпǰߵĶ
ǸҹԪʱֶ˼塣һΪԪµģΪ֪Լʱܻ
ȥȵ·ߣһϼ򡣴Ӵ˴ܷ¹ϼ룬ɷӾӵĵطʱһЩ鷳ʴˣֱԪģΪû㣬һĵϵꡣ
ϵǰİǰʳ߰˸ˡһ˵
λѣϼɽȥðѰ׷ˣҷȰһ䣬ͷɣ
˵֮ʮģòͨһ˵Ĵ硣һƵģλɫ޵ЦЦʵĪǵѱѰ׷ˣ
˵ɫһ漴ЦǺǣѰײ˵ֻǷѶѣ´һۣʵʶ
ǺǣɾУһ֮Ե˵ɤ࣬һԵõɫ
ҡͷЦȥɾˣ˵ʶ
ԷԼĻЩң£С˵Ҳʶʦû鲻
һأȻ˵˵Ļٱʾ£Ǹ˴ʵҵڴ˴ܲˡ
ϵǰ߰˸ˣΪʿΩ˵Ϊߡ˹˼ɣҲ˵ڳһ֮ǰʦø˵ľ֮ȥ̽䡣˵ûǸˣȴ֪ܷµľңľѡеǸˣţһȥ
һʶȽʿʿĴ˸
Ǹ˭ǼʿҪʲôһᡣͨ籨żɻɽڵͣ⼸·ʲôأʹеģϼɽһС
˴ѣϼɽδ⡣ϼҡռܷµľңŸĻͥѰɽľأɽʱ
ͷʶʱ߲ǿܣǼʹˡǣռҵͶϣľҾǲΪǶͶɽһ£ʼҡڲ
ڵʵڣʹľĴҡɽæշļ֮ʣһʱ˲ϼɽ״ռȴǲˡ
ҪΪƽռҪαֶ֮ľҷѡ˰ΣΪɽּǲʡԹ˲ϾܵõķǺ˺Ƥϼɽ뵽һС


458 ϼ
ϼ˴һ˳˼С
δ˵Ŀ飬ȴľҵĴҵϼɽһ޷óûӴ˴йȥѰԶ߸߷ɡһ·ʩչȥôԶ·̣˭ôӵðʲôοѱ淽򰡣
ľⳡУһָԱأ
ãһεҡҡͷǰ£ȥΣһȥ
жڴĵв࣬ȴʧΪжĴڣǴڵ伮֮еϹŶ֮Դеãֻһȥˡʱδ˲Ϣ紵ɽ֣ǰ
һȥǰ߹·߳鲼·çç֣³һؼķ羰
һӺȥظһ߹·һ಻ܡʮ߰һȥյͬѾסظģһݻˡ
СյĹȥϼɽߵܷɽԶԶɼһδǰɣת򶫡ϼɽȥǽӽȵĵطƬ֮ͣһȻ
Żǣδ뵽ϼɽˡֻǣһŮʧǰܣ󻹸ˣ׷ɱľԶԶм˱Ϊʿ
Ӳ֪ԺδˡŲΪʹŷɽݺݵܵкľԶ֧穣Ǳȴأ֧ŲܣҪֵͼǰŮӡ
ת֮䣬ǰ׷һ˱˽ǰһԳ£δȥǰ⼸ˣֱȥǼʿΪһ׷һߺţľҵӲȴûȥϯһ硣
ͨͨ׷ɱľԶ˻ͷȥǼͬȫˤڵأ촦֮ʱ
͵ϮһͻȻһƬ⣬ʱնءɫ䣬ٹ˲࣬˫˫˶ȥ𺧵⣬ٿȻһ磬Ȼ˹ȥת֮䣬ٴȡ
䶸ʹľԶǰŮӣ˵Ȼ˳ȡ
ƽһӰ˵ǰľԶ㵣һŮѾ
Ԫ磿
ӰԶ£һ΢ĹâľԶʧ
һ
ųŮӣϲ֮£㺰һһʱᣬæ˹ǸԲŮڿڣֻŵɴ۾
һľԶʾ⣬ִŵЦݿܹŮӣʵľ񣿡
ŮľΪ֮òϸѡæס˽Ųſûײ˵ĻСٸн֮£ǷỨһˣΪδʱҡ
߶ǸһºǡŮأԾȲݣԲģɷǿɰ
ݼǰľԶһŵŮһ£Щί˺һڳƺ񣬺۹ȴ͵͵ͣ
һǸ˵ͷתľοҲɼˣܲ
㲻ǰˣԲԡȡЦ˼ҡľˮסֱ䣬ɫȴ͸˵ǡһڴΨһˡ
º͵ЦɣһתľԶдʡȻһ̾ʾҸط˵
һһƧڣǰΪɽڵܲ͸硣ľԶƣһʯͷϣǰԭί
ռҵۣľ֧ľңδܶⳡѡ
ľʼûɽͶϣº׷ΪҪһԭɡ⣬ʼһΪڣľԣʹλľҵļǲԷּٽɽڵƣľΪľҵļӦ
ռʡ͵ĵƣɽһʱϾ˼ϼɽЩ壬ʹľ˷֮ٳٲԸͶϵı˰ˣ˾٣ҹ֮
ı˴ˣΪĻȡʤһڡǰ٣Ҳˡ
ϼɽĻҳʼľҵλܷ£ҡཻļ壬ΪһЩС³֣ҲѰƴڰɣռ㳲ʮλͬʱɱܷ£ʱǲ˹Щ飬һᣡ
ܷҳһţľ䱻λڵʿΧսλ峤ԡѪƴɱֻľľ˴˳ȥľ¿ν˲ء˵ľˣ
ľΪ£֮ʱɽ棬Ŷһ١ܷɢȥݻ̵̻Ůңֶ˶ų̽Σȴϱغĳҷֲ׷˹ľԶº֪ܷ˴֮£ʦų
ˮУλδܵϼɽ顣ľԶڵõ䰲οֻ֮öһ˻ؼҡܷ£ǡײ׷ɱŮӣæǰȣȴβԷ˶ڣֻñߴܣײһ


459 ֻһ
ǺǣľҾôûˡңռңҵšľԶͷˮĬĬʪ½ֻǣսȭͷ΢΢Ĳ
һʱ֮£°ԸӣȻ¡
Ůӣѹ˲ȥһ޵ǻʧɫᡣ
ľĬĬעһ为ֶþ֮£תƽʵ˵ʲôɫһͣ˵ҡؼҡδֹ
ԵľѲӰ⣬ֻһҵŮӡɵǶôã·ȴǱ޿ɱܵĹֵĳûб˰ûյ㣬еֻ޾ѣһֱĹ¶į
ˣǰ˭أ
ˡһһʵ
ƲƲ죬ֹס˳ļ̌ͷ˵Ĵɱɱ׵ĽΪĲɡɣ޵ʲôѽ޵˽޵Ƕթ޵ɱ˷Ż𡭡˵һһһؼҰɡ
ңҵļںη
Ļľһ̾˿˵ҪؼҡؼҰɣת˵ԶҽľȥڰὫߡǡʲô⣬ڴ̵ĺٴεʱȥɡ
һлл㣡ľһֻЦ£ֵ
ľԶ˵ͷǻָ˳̬˼ûеһ˵ҵԻúտİɡ
ʯͷվľԶһֹԷüͷ£漴˵лֱ˵
Ƭ̣ľԶ˵ҷ֮ʣʦһأԾ˵ľҵһԨԴ֪ӺʱѴþ˽֪ʶʦΪҷʱ˵㡭
һδÿɷصͷľԶһֵۣʦ˵ɽ˴ѣɽž٣˲أһ޲ϵʱգɼиһ֮¡
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464 
೤ѵ⣬Ϊׯ˵ʦ˼׿ڶ˵ֻҪһ˹ԷȴǴĻε˵ʦΪذ
ʦһˮŵؿһʦ˵ʦΪأһʵʦΪأµӯԼǸҪϵһУʦΪأˣܷŹҪдá⣬ʦΪأⲻ̰
죡ŭһһ˶ʦ˵ⲻǴ治ʲôĪҪһͼݺʦŲɣҹ
ׯƵɫ첻һʱ֪ͽܡʱϵʿԣǽһΧ˵䣬³ʲô⡣
λ˵ֿ֮Ϊһ·òǿʦŵ裬һǣ˵޳϶㲻ҪϵĹλˣȲҪϵһ𣿡
Ӵŭ죬һѳһƬ塣
һڱҪ𣬼״æ˵ʲôٳ
ʱڳˣԶ塣һЦ£ɤȴˡ˵ˡķʮĹֱԪӤڡ
һĻδ䣬ȫȻԪӤڣ˵ǴеĻڲңɼĽʿ˱ͷԪӤڣ뵽˴¶Ц鲻Խȥ
ˡһ΢ı죬ö壬Ǳˣ
ĿɿڴģһأԲ˵Ժңһѡǿȡᣬߣƫ
㡭Ӵŭ֮£Ҳһʱ޴롣С˵Ŀɶǿ¿Ѱǧ֮õĹôûˣ˭һֳһö򡭡
ǡ콣һĻڣڳǴ󾪣Ǵ㵡콣ʧǿԴܱǿġ콣ҲУ
Ҫɵ¡Ӽ
СӣϷס֣ŭȵ
ȥһ˵
룡Ӻ
ˡһемʵ콣桶ķһͬˣֻһö¼ƵѡʹеķΨһķֻ³
㡪ּӣ۵ֱָ¡ܸȺ鼤ߣСҪôǿǡ콣
ҪҵĹ룡һһ䣬ٴζö
ˡˡˡǼ죬ԳΪмһϵġĻһӦ򣬽Ա˸顣
һ䣬ɫ̣
ߣһȺѬ֮˵䣬һóöûˣȴòˡ乶裬顭
ת۵ĹһôĹɫ֣صóҲͲסһҪǿˡܵʿͬʱ֡
ڶӣԷˣһﻹܶܣվֱǿ֧ţֱֻᱻܡһЦֳм漴̧ԼŻȥ
Ҳȵóѣ
һ֪һ裬˭͵һʱһâűзХ

һͻȻһȥλ˵˺ǱŵĴͷ漴˹ʱһֱɽ塣
ۣһҪűзɽ󣬸޴ӣ֮£ֻü˱ŵĴͷֻһʱһʱһȥ
ķۣһذ
ɵķ֮ϣХͻȻӰǷƹתͣʹ㡣סһδϢ֮ʱٿȻŵλ׷ˣΧס
أԼݣãã죬ǲͷǰ棬Ƕʮŵĸˣŵģǵһ硣ϽɫʯȴѼݡ
ھ֮УһӲȻһЦ
£ǱץšһҡҡͷȴԷᣬɫȻ˵Ҳҵǰͷ
οءһ˵һ䣬Ťͷȥۣ̿ʵķʹ겻
֮һѣؽԼͬУ˵ţ̧Ǿµ°ͣȻƹͬš磡ͷȴǴۣ
һĵ̾ϢһһȴΪѶԷ֣ǲܣ
飡һһɫ͸űˡߵ˶˹˵ֻأҡ
һɤ͸ſɬԷ˵ǰ
ҲšһȻ˵ֻŴ
תһŶԷ˫֣ѩһ޵ϣһЦǰһǸˣο˵Ŵӡ
ʦãͷǰСֵˡ˳壬һͬģʹļ׵شš
ץڷʩݾأ޿ӣڼǺ˲ٳɣ׷׳˹ΩŹׯԭδɫԳ
ʦãСʦ֣Ǵһ嵱ʲõسǰͷʦǸɴ࣬Цű˵˶˵ͷߵΪһУϷѻ֮£ʲôʧȥ
£ʱһ޴ŭ߷޺ޡˣʲôˣҷûִţ̫ڣһǷʤȻ޴⣬Ȼ飬Ω棡ȻɫУһȻѣʹͷһĴʹһĩˣǰѲЩHۻ࣬Ѱգ
һѽһ˻УƳһȺʦ
һ̡
һĹʱ˹Ȼȥֱɫ硣
ׯʧ



465 ʧ
޲𾪣磬֮մ֮³ʬ޴氡ԪӤʿΨֱ֮״Խʮɿĵ̡ǣһأ
ӱɲǣһ˼ĵһ̾ϢĲԼһȥһˣȴҪһŮ飡вݣֺۣ֪̫أ޷
ת֮䣬һͷǲƮ֮СѸڣһھѪ˳ȥѵ֮һ߬ȭͷؿڡʱѪȪӿ˳ܹâţŶ˼ǰȥ
ֻȥԶɼɫֻý§һǰһ̣˱㽫ʧ֮СʱֻһһЩݵһ˲Ϊ㡣
ܵľһǿ͵һھѪǼʧٴĹâǰһڣ۵Ľ§ڻУ¡ҽֻһȥȴ֪ͨδĪͨ𣡾УͻȻһĶڣĴš
룬ٳɽģѪעѸûѪת˲ʧȥţ֮ң
һ̰Ʈ죬ȴ顣ڽһĹɹ޴ڶ޴ӿܵķ磬˶
ʱɫ԰ף촽࣬Ωһ˫ںڵӣ͸ҪΪһΪϵˣһѪ
ʲôһ۾ʧͺ㡭
Ѫϡ֫ų޶ĿѪȾѩİȹǽաѪǼܣһԹ
һѪȫһǰȥ̴ڻɢ
Ŀѣһ
¶οһЦ˵ؽҴδ䣬һ̵ȥǾš
ƾȥӰԳܵʹӿͷһƺһ˹ȥѪǲܣת۱ɵӰ٣ţ֮⡣

ûһת˲ͬ³
ŵڶʿԭء⣬ȴ޿κΣֻԾź벻ͽҡͷƿϧˣ
ֿɵõġķôûˣӲ̾ʦ֪ˣⲻһ𷣰
ׯȻʧôְִ
ڳˣȻʧʱ򣬲ȴһеսᣬȴһûһ̡û˭֮⣬ûԼ̰ɱ˫ۡ
һ̴һʱϺһ̶ڣأǰǴɵ磬ֱֱʯš
޾֮·ͻȻһ㵸Ź֣˵Сӵ϶ʦµرŽδŵĹڣǺǣҵֻΧڴ˴֮ʱɽܻ׽һУʧð
ӵĻʹþе˻عּӶҲѡæλϣԽڴ˴ְֵأһ಻и

ڣһſڵһ鲼ȫۼʧ
Ǻ塣СһŮӣһʤѩһ˫۾ˮᲨձ΢֡һһЦȴֲȾ˳ǡͲΪҲ˵ùȥǺǣԼ˵ĵһ仰
ٴһķ桭˵࣬һ˷˵£١
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ɽҰʤΪ飬ƾ磬С飬źգҲ򸴺ǽݣ޶ˡ̬͸һ˿ƤǳЦǡɽˮ֮䡭
ֹһΰʾͷǳǲΪȻ˵֮һѣؽԼͬУ
ΪϵѪؽҴ
ĵ׷һһͶ¡Ѫǻ˳̶üͷɫܿ࣡
ʧȥˣԭôʹ

һڵſ˰£ŻתʯţĬĬȻȥˣһǵ̣ȥ޼Ωյļ䣬ȥʱĻͷƮš
£һôɵɵţһݿ£ҲϻźɫѪʮ֮⣬λŵĽʿʯţŶء
޶ԣһôһֱıʹ֮Сľһ㣬ľګ
ֻŽҪҵĽڴˣںηһˣȴҪһŮӵǰΪȥҡ
ͷ­ãһץϽ«ͷ͹ˮһͷһȻˣֻҾƽȥںޡ
Ů֮飬һʼ¶塣˴ϲˣ׽ѩˣˡһȻȻ׽֮飬
һŮΪȥʱһĻ𺳣һ޷ܵʹһ䡰ʱţѳ׷䣡
ʧȥ˵ʱĺʹ


466 ˽
ϵľƣȹˣһҡžƺ«Ūž̳ӣһľɥ
֪У˼ֻصôҵµԼ˵ΪҾѪƣǸǧһ˿ǣ˴಻ʧˡ
һȡͷϵķĦţյĻСЩͷһеķ¶ȵɫ
УľѪӡǺ΢ɲ顣δʧһܵһ˿ϤѪѪӡڣĪ˵
ûдɴʱһԸȥ΢ľѪӡǣʹֱƵͷһ˿ת֮
ʱ򣬻룬һҵο壡⣬ĪԵļͣУÿÿôײײǰţˣˣһˡ
һüʶ£ࡣͷһĪΣͣѾõת
ǽʣѲֻأ㣬ͬڡ
£طһתŴ
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Ƴһ⣬һҡվδŲḡֱʯ׶ȥ
ûлþʲôûֱһѭʯ߲㣬խʵʵ·ȥɾͨδЩʧֻԭ·أٴһ㡣
εشſյܣһʯţҡҡͷӴ˴߳ȥĪǻҪȴʮꣿӦûʮ꣡
ֻҪһʮֺηһʮкηһдգټ
ĸ£յԷĽᣬһָ˳̬ԱˣЩھӡʶ಻ǡ
˰֮һó˼ǬԲ鿴ͷǴ󶨡ԨԼԼھнʯƾôʯϰ궼ڻ¡
һһʮʯлϺʯ˺;쵺ʱãһֱΪšôãûмҲ֪ЩʯϺģӦΪƷʯƷʯ࣬ƷʯûСʱɼʮʯѵˡ
Ʒʯ뼫ƷʯһòΪԺƽֻҪ
裬ŵ಻òһ죬ڳ˼ҩй
һɽڵĹұĪֻˣֱܻ񣬺ȣջǱСȥĸ£Ǵ½֪ɽڵ֪º󣬸ץ˶š̲ȴδ˺Ƥԭ򣬻ұɻ֪Ԫӵȥһʱй˼ɣʾáŵŹǸûŵˣ˳ӵĻ躹ûޣس󰲡
ǺĵһƬңΩкɽҺദԵΪĹ졣
һһ´ʱµǲԨæűչأޱ¸ǲ£ͷͼɽΪµȣΩľΪġ
ţһؼҡľÿյȴţŹ;еΣԼʦֵʱĳδ룬վǵôһجģ
һ˶ĿԼΪţľû˼ҪͽܣˡľԶϤ󣬱㰲οһزȥϼȥɣϷҵĺ
㣬ľޱдһţһߵȴš
֮ľ㣬ľԶյóɹһ꣬ûдйһĶ
Ŵ̵ĺһεľԶľɵɡȺ£Ȼ˷糾͵ˣٴ洬ɽ̫쳤ϡ
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ЪϢºɵĺȥˡľڴβȻᣡˣ·
һ꣬Ľ־һҡ˾һԪٴԪ಻ɱ˸Ҹӣշ˶ԷϣһɨԴˣһԪŵ죬һͳ꽭
ǰȥɽŲΪֹһ𡣶ûŵʾ⣬ɾҪٴٽʱ򣬴Եó壬ȴ˶Դκεɡ
ķ֮ϣѾۼɽڵʿʮʿΪ˽ɾ̽ѰץסǸʮ֮õһ̺ľ飬ץסһȡ裬Ը
ڣһʮꡣ絶ɫȻһĻۣ˳Ⱦ֪ʮǰģûһ˿ĺۼΩвͬǣ˼峺˼¼ŵɫУԵó
һҹйꡡھȥ˴ʯ֮ΪڵԲ
Ķеһ˫ۡ£ʮôָȥɾٴδ
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ʮȥһͻڵΪڡ
ַȥʯмһͳ˰ʮһʯǶ˾óһ֥εҡҡͷ


467 
ʮ꣬һû˯һûЪϢһءй֮࣬ĥ󷨽ƣĻ롰ҪʹĦˮ߱Ϥ־ʵˣˮǸ¯óϲĲҩ˼أĵҩײֻ࣬աʣµĻв٣㲻ͣƸ塣
ΪڣһڵҺͬȸѰСʹԲЩ֣ȴ˼ɣδ쳣ľٶ
ֻԲֻ࣬ȴһǡ
ԴˣһΪ⡣ľĿͶʵǳ֮Ҫʮɲֹ⣬콣ѿɻûʮѷɽʤǰʶɴӦ𵤳ڵʿ¡ΩһֱġĻʲôЧʹ޳ɷͷ˿ա
ԾţһҰ졣ûƵӣ治ùį飬޾أɵöеĻ֥˿տҲϽ«
ʶ«ڣĽ뵽ʲôһ˼ǸߣҲȤ˵ջ棬ֻ֪ǸΣ
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һʱ붨һĥ«еһһˣٳһݶ󷨵֪Ħ֮
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Ͷ壬ɽڻܶһ棬ͶϵⲻѪĵѪĶʿ˵ͬū۰裬ʹյ³֪
Ԫڱ֮δⳡ֮ҡڱɽʱޱѪġˮ˲裬ɽ֣ȴ׷ɱ䲻˷֣һǡ
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ڻˣΪ֮һ˭뾹Ǻ³˫ͬԼõģһλֳˡ
ǰλԪӤ沢ϣɫÿͬǣһŭݣʢһ̬Щƣ˼⡣վʮλʿԵͷҿŹĴǰ
λʦʮأһתɽţǻϲӽ˵꣬Ԫ۾һɣŭ죡Ϸ򲻹ǳȥתôһȦıŰصϷһһ˵
һ޶æµʮ꣬ջ޹֮;˵֮£ĵĻ֪һоŲ޸ϵһӻԪӣӻȻһ㣬ֻȥˡ
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һţһϣ˾Լǰ²ݡԪһվָӣΪΪ˶غسɣŽɽŽ㿴˭²࣡ӣΪϷĺ£˵ѧģѧһӵĹ
ʦϢŭһԵֳʱȰ衣
ӽԶͷ˭Ҳҳֱ档ԪӺһϷˣһ˦
ֳ鳤룬һŵ˴಻ҳһ¡˵Ϸ򱻹ұһأʮĹȥġɷ󡯣ֱ֮ʱභһܾˡϷ˵ЩԺɽڵо֪һԶȵΪಢδһ֪
£ֳӽ˵ɽڽˣ˾٣ʧΪܱĺ÷Ӱ˵ţӶˡ
ݵӵͷͻһæ˵ʱһ𡭡
ŹӵΪʵǷ಻̫ص𷣡ֳӷŵĻ˵Ϊһ֮˽ʦŲˣȻָˡӲҴ⣬æʶһݣסɽڣͼŴвʧǰһһ˵
õʦ⣬æȺǰָ֤һЩȥˣǽ𵤳СɵΪֻƲסķ߿һлҵĸԴǸɶСӡ
һˡķ͡콣ڳĺܶ˶ǵļ֤ߣ׷ǰָ֤λԪӤŭЪʹ˵ͷ˿
ߣһӷϷһգ㲻ұɷһ಻ܷŹԪӺһתֳ˵ʦܣգҶʰ˺ɽ鷳
ֳףʾͬʶпڵǸӰʱȻԭСӡ


468 ָӼ
ŵɽ֮ʱһ˫Ŀ΢أĬĬΪı仯ʶĿӣϰΪȻᡣ
ɾûٴοȫһʮıչأһʿ˵һЩΪĲУȻףһвǵָһӼ䡣
ʮĹɾһԲΪҲ˵ʶɴ콣ɻûʮѷɽͬʱķڣʹֲ
µΪеһҺԵĲͬȸѴСҺִһȦԲ鲻¡ǣ˲ɫнʵļ̺Զʤ
Բ֮һܲһĽᵤڣԪɴ꣬׳ơɡУཫΪʦɼ𵤵֮ס
һֱڴ˴ֻôһֱȥһջ᲻磬ӡ硭ԼУδ;ѪԼ˹ȥʱôԽģ
ʮȥˣĿһУһͷʹͷϵķĬĬ޵ľѪӡǣﾡ飬׷䡣
£һصͷϣ۾ãȻ۾ɿһ־ؿƬת˲һʯ֮Сǽַ˻һƬ׾ǰ
û˿ľϲһ̾ϢһɫоŨصĻںޡ׹ǲη磬֪ˣΪҪװ״ѽԼʱȻ˹ȥʩչλԼͨ黤Ϊǵʱ˴Լһ͵Ϯһֺһأ
ʹǻںѵƬ֮һشͷֻΪԼٳ֣ܾأ
һ˾գһ̧гϽâһ֫ǰغգһסеǰѳ˲㵭Ľâ
£һüͷԭ˵¾Ƕˡλʿѽʮ֮صġ
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һҧҧһͷ硣̴ƬƬУ͸ĺ⣬ʹ⡣гһָ㻯һ
״ŵʿ𺧲ѣ˲磿Ҵ⣬һȥת۱ӭͷסһ
һ磬漴ȥ˭׳һƬٿȻһͷһæ۷ٴζ·ӣִֻܳ˼硣
һͷܣתص޺޻ͷʮλʿ˴ĬԴȻб޻ʱˡ
û赲ӳ˵¡ˣֻܼ˽Ϊһԡ

תʮȥ
ʮ䣬ɽ˱ʣĵת˵λԪӤʹôŻ
ɽڲŵλԪӤȥұɻֻˣͷʩչӵǴĻᴫԪӤʿɱԪֳӳѹɽڣг֮ơֻδ࣬Ԫӣλȴǣеǧ´Ҵ˽ᡭ
һ꣬һǰʮꡣʮǰǸ˵ģͬǣü䵭ȻȣЩĲɣ
һ£һһСһʯ˴Сʮ˸Ũճˮӿڡ
УǵҺԲʵأڻתֵһɫӨףһССȸѣĲУлΡ
Ϊ¯ҺɵĬĬšķĳɵھһĿһйʮ顣ҪԽᵤ
ӯͬ主㼯֮УǵҺеһεҺȡɾ컯
պҺȥɫӨ׵ĵɲǣһอ֫ٺľѪ뱼һ̣Ϊ֮궯ʮɡɷڵ
ϵ󣬾ŵˡԪֳʮ
һֱֵܣҡˮƣʱļıԵĹâʹĿѣԡ


469 ·
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λʦ壡ҪᵤӴյλǰһȻͬһؽƣκ˵ʶԽ롣
Сӣ˭ڽᵤԪӺһ⼸һֱɽţδȥ޶ŵĹɼţΪǼ¡һǴĻԵδ֪
Сӱڣδ֮󣬾רҲǸ֮ģֳӸܵᵤͷΪ졣Ϊ֮пһС˽ʿ붼š
ߣʦĪ֮ģѻ֮󣬽㷢ǡԪӲΪȻ˵
ֳҡҡͷÿɷЦЦѻ֮£úõ˶ΪɵӣҪ
⶯ֵҲ̫˰ɣһԵŹӵɴ۾Ѱʿᵤܵ쳣ˡżߣ֮סһᵤʹΪ֮䣬⶯ν
ܵʿ죬Ⱥе循ȹһĺ⡣
Ԫӳֳʹ˸񣬺Գ£ǵͷǣλԪӤ沢ǰ˫˫ͣ¡
ҪֹһᵤӲ²֮£Դ
ᵤȥǻǳ鷳ʦܣҶ֮£Զ㹻ΪСЩӡԪ˵
Ǻǣᵤ£ЩΪѰֳӸһ䡣һЦͬʱƬͬʱֶȥٿȻһţֱֱǶ뵽֮С
һ־â֮Уһࡢɵ֮С˾Ԫֳ̧˽ȥֱľͷ
ؽΪ죬ҵȻ˴ʶǲܽ뵽ڡԪЩ㵡
ӵͷ˵֮Ī⡭
ǿҡʦһ֮˵ţԪӵͻȻӿһʵĹܡֳ̧ȥԷĹܶʱߡ
ԪǰһԶҲŲϵĹѸڣĿġ˵Э֮£˳ֻǿӦѡ
ԪӤʿʶɴǧ֮ԶʱԪӲǽܿһӰЦſ˿ڣĻ֮ɤȥ
Ϸŵ̫ϳԪӡ

ͺϣжһԣΪɵΣ塣ض֮̽ӯ֮Ϊ¯ȡҺԽˮͬľͬλ켺ͣʳ֮Ϊ𵤡
ʱһдʣ֮Сһ֮ڵҺһʮ̥ԲӨɫĵ塭
µʯһ鱬飬ؼӿ֫ٺӿӨ׵ĵнâɣһϢ֮ʣϺһߵɤ
Ϸŵ̫ϳԪӣվ͡ķ롶콣С̽һţ£֪ŵĹȱʵȻˣʦֳܽԪӤ
Ŀս֮ʱһһɵһɡ
ԼǼ𵤺ڵСԴǺ֪ѰǧĶʲôء
ɫһ䣬һʱԪӵĻԶʹƽȴֹסҪ֪æ񣬶ߺִѪɤؽҴĪҪǰȾѪʧɫת˲һȽȽȥ
ͷһʹһ˫üڿҵʧ˷ִ磬Ө׵ĵֵл֮궯裬ֻһ΢ġ徹ѳһ϶ӯĽâ֮ɢȥ
ˡ
һѪһɫ԰ףɸѣתûȥֻںֱײŰ֮£ֻıѣอѳһƬǽ塣ķɣҪ
ʱͻȻͣʹһͣˡ
ȥ׽СӡԪӹЦһͷʦʾ£ֱֳʯŶȥֳӵ¶ЦݣϾ˳롣µ˼֮ͣͣ£׷Χ
ѣΪķɾ˾ҡۿһΪת˲Ҫ֮Ǹ϶ǳʯš벻ʮ֮ٴһߡ
һ˫ĿԲأԴѪ޺һڣǿչڼ䲻ݻ֮ʣ̧ٻ죬ɲǼ鲼ף־֮ʱһ󼲷ֱʯŶȥͣ͵磬ֿʼתһƬǼʿû
ʯ֮ʱһԪͷɣѭżת磬һɳ졣
ףһеԪԲ죬һߴ߶ܻסβһ̧˦һѷɽʶУڵСѻ뵽֮СҲܵ
Ԫķɽһ㻤ɳȥʮԶ㱻ڶӰȴǡûȥ硣ֻ顱һ죬һӰɳ磬ǿѪһ
ץסźڿն֣ڳиӦ֮ʣֶΡۿһҪܣ˭ٴʧȥΣһ󼲷ֱʶȥ
ΪΪϹʧѾõĶֳ̾һԪЩæҵس磬µػͷ£תգ˵Сӽᵤɣֱһ˺ģȻϼˣӹҶ˵ġ˵䣬λԪӤԭʧȥΡ
һ֮УȻλ˵Ӱ
Ҷ˵ʶɴǧ֮ԶŻܼСӵټôת۵ĹôͲء
ĪǣСӵķһȥǧ
׷ȥСˡ
ʦԲֻˡ


470 
ĵһռǧĺΪ
һƻʱ֣յںϣԡֻСͣߣһʮ߰Ů̧𴬲еһӡ
ŮһҴ磬һ鲼㷢أ͸䡣ǸŮӣȴüĿ㡣ɫ𪣬̵ͦıǼðϸϸĺ顣
ĪķһɩӴӸڵĴԶȤ
ɩĪҪ˵Ц˻ءɬ漴¶ɫ
ɣһѡɩͷһɤӣһɫڵĺӦһæ˹ֳߵŮӱԹ磬ϸ³ʱˣֻ¿һˣô
ԼǡҼиӿţҽ˰ȥȥѰСΪЦЦ

ǾԶһСӣ䱳иɽ¶ɡʮ໧˼ҵСӣƫƧ
ÿյĳԽɽ´ͷһСԺȽȽĴ̡һȦªʣݣǰɹļҡ
ųǼΧŴֲΧȹһС档ųĲλӺӡ

ǰŶɩһҳ㣬һ¾̳˸ˡΪǸˣ˹һæҪȥʱȴӵؿ΢΢ĪǸˮˣڣ
֮£æе洬˼ң嶫ͷƣ˵ˮ±ƾˣ޴󰭡ⶼȥգӻδת²˲
㰾Ϊ˲һӡ
ֵĩʱ֣͸磬ҲˬһźѲŲϯ˫Ŀš
δָγأ˳˵ϣһĴǰӡ
һĻòﻹ˩Ÿƺ«ģǶʮͷݣ˫ü絶촽գȴ΢΢ţЦһС˵Եᣬ಻ѿղתԲأ
üͷˣǰ֮˵ͷµһЩ룬ŵι˹ȥ˯ŵ˲죬ˮ˳Ǳ
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˰Ĺ򣬺ò˿ӵ͹ͷĺˮĵһûӰδź˵¶Цݡ

ں˸ɩһ£ʮ˼ұ㶼֪˴¡
ʼ֣˳һЩʳȻǽµ档Ǹӣǻ˯ѡһΪϧ˼պ󣬱æԼȥˡ
ճϢСһȴæµÿȥ㣬ջ֮󣬻Ҫȥʮһˡô㻻ЩǮ֮ҪҴҸϻΪģֻеһת

ţ£֪ŵĹȱʵȻ
ؽҴƮ֮Уǽš
һʹεһ죬δɣѡƴΪʧǿչ֮£Խ𵤵ΪʩչһȥǧȥǧֱΪպľǰһƬˮ
Ǻĺˮ˵һסſ졭߳һŮӵЦ
Ұ԰ſͣȡ
⡭ҹʶȥһ۾
һªĲӣԼڵϡһԹһŮӣ۾峺ˬзžϲЦ⡣̵ͦıǼϻžӨĺ飬еĵҨˮι
ˣŮӵɤܺ糿
һû˵ԼϿȥԭĻ۲ˣһĴֲüתѯʵɫ̧ͷ
ŮЩңɫȻһ˿ɬ˵顭ղתΪ㻻ҵġµĽһڣǺ«ߡ˵Ż͸żֺ棬мֵίؿǶŽƬ´Žң͸ŹŹ֡һŮΪ㻻ɷ˵¶أɲöɩ֪ˣȻûˣ
Щֱ̧ۣؿڵǬڣϽ«šԷһ̾Ϣ£ɫתů˵͹ˡ
ŮŹ˵ϲϵĺˮ˵ҽж˶λôƺѽã㶼˯˰¡
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ҽִ󡭡˴Ǻڣһʵ
壬Զ
ĵͼһ˵ͷ˵ҾˡԷӦִԺúЪϢȥѰΪ㿪ӵһ¡

˵ûһӺѣţʶգʱΪʧǳͷβһˣһδķˡ
ڶգȻһٵУΪһһ㿪һӡʱ֣СԺбƮҩ㡣
ҩڼãһӲͷƤȥ֪λŮӾԼϸ빼Էһġ
һ˵ʱһԴɣȴǸܲһ˿һӸʹ˼֮ԽһжԺ߳˴µĲӡ
һε鷳ˣǱ׷˴ΩִСɴ˴ŲʮشƫԶʱٲȻǸķˡֻܴŽңһһաο²ɼ


471 
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˵ֵܣȻǶһˣ仧ɣǸùڿ죬ֶˡ
ֵܣϲ£Ϊٰˡɽӣݼִ壡
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תһºһ㣬ʱ֣鷵ءڴ˿һ˫˫޵Сڣʱʱģ˵Ц˶Ȥֻ΢ЦԶԣֻһɫȻһߺյͷߡ
֮һл⡣֮ǿ࣬ΪȴûĶǬ޷򿪡Σֻƴʮ꣬ͷȴһգ컯Ū˰
ķˣһδ߳ԼڵĴӡһΣ߳ȺɽƵ𿤣¡ʱ֪δȥǹһ֮ôңԶ
˫ţͷϴŶңžƺ«Ͽһʮһģһɫ͸Ц˵ִ磬ϵľƺú𣿡
һȾƣȥһ̳ӣС«գǾ̳ӱˡǣ´ζһ㡣
еĺ«һڣһתЦЦȴǸ⡣⼸մ㶼˾ƣδǵöӲɡ
ն˴磬ʱܾĵûӰҪȴɩһңһСʾг
λִԼһֱһĬĬĿҪǴ֣δнԾԾԡãæҪƴˮȴԷҡͷкȥ
˴Բ⡣һȴǽеһ㣬Сһ±㻬ˮУùһ򣬱һѷס˵һ䣬ˣδع߷󣬴ͷ˻ɽ
һֳҡڴβСҡ÷ɿ졣ˣʵЩ
Ӻתһ֪ԼмɡǼɵ಻ǷġǿԲĹ͡˵ûʿΪһ뽭书ЩͣΪԼЩƺȡ
Сʱȥһеĸͣ˵˵Ϊµѵǰ˴ĵط
ֱԼһ˶ңת˺档İ֣ͫˮµĶһĿȻ
ȴһһҪԴһѣеġͫ˵ûΪ͸ˮ¼¡
ѧ˼ΣһٳģͣȺۼ֮أֱһֶȥ
Ƭ֮ڴ£һԳգصˮ棬ʹСҡ
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ףǿǸյĵطǶ¶ɩţȴŷɿȥСֵ̾ܵǴм֡

֮һҡŴʮ򡣻Щʳ׵һ̳Ӿƣ֮󣬶ԭ·ء
磬һŲǰţһĬĬžơԺ޲˵ЩĴԼȤ¡żִΣ˵Լûмˡ
ԺȾƵʱһԵúįͷĻƣӴյǰ˵Է˵Ц⣬ٳ
ִһݴѵõĺ֣һ˳ˮʲôʣģ뵱ȻΪţ߾ܵʹִ翪
ڵʱ򣬵졣֪ΪΣڵִΪĹǡ˵ôžƣֻҪ飬ӣ
Ӿôһȥת۱㵽˳ʱ֡˻ÿȥµ㣬Ҵҷء°εСԺһ˻˵ŻһĬĬžƣţ΢΢Цš
ҹʱһŲϥڻӣû˿ɫ
һɫһ㱻֡ӵͷϣһŶң£һ˶ڴͷ
ÿһӲϰһʱˣ̧ͷ£ͷӰϡ٣δ
ֵһһվɵʱ߹һϤӰǱһ̳ӵǣ󻹸ӡ
ִúˣƵʱ򵢸ˣݹ̳ӣСȴִڴͷɺתͷȥ˵ž˵ء
źµˣӦһ·һ˿˵λֵܿɷи㡭


472 ҹɫī
Ҫˡһ˶Էһۣҡͷ˵㡭˵ţͷðظȥС֧棬ִҡ
뿪ԺҡŴһͻȻʵ˵Щʲô
ִ绹¶أȻһЦ˵ƵʱײˣǼҴ磬˱סʲôطƫƧƫƧ˶಻࡭ʵĺ֣
㶼˵ˡһ׷һ䡣صţڶʮϣʮ˼ңΪƫƧҵŴ磬Ҵظϣ˭Ƕ˾һ·˹Ҫ

硭һǷŲʶԷʱӲЩ
һĺ£һСĵԭɡǽǰʱ򣬶Էϵأʹ˸еΪĲʡŵǬ˾ʿ֮˴أֻЩ˵˵
޷Ҳһʣһοһ䣬ʹٴ¶Ц

ʱͣˣ˼ˬ֮⡣簲Ъһڲд
ûʶ޷ӣڵһ֪һֻôӡķĵһ𣬺ֻصʮ֮ǰΪÿ޵ĹΡԼһյﶵȦӣ˰ʮֻ꣬ص˹ȥֻǣѽ˽𵤵ΪһƵʱյƽͷ˼ּꡣ
ſھоű飬ʱգһȻãһϽ«͹΢У̾˿
ôȥԪľ֮ʱ֮ϣ
գһǲ֪ܻá仹˵òȴǰʮꡣͣڷ׼䣬ûͷˡԭΪԪһʮ꣬ŽΪԪ˵㻹ܻİٶꡣҲ˵ᵤͷһµԼΪȫޡмԪĲ֪
ŨصĿɬΣһӿͷһס־˺«ȴͻȻͣ
һͻȻС漴Ȼֹһֻعš
һȴɫһ䣬߳˲ŷ˺ȣǴžĺڱûˣȻǺ֮˱ʡ
˵ƻһO@˳һվԺУæʵִ磬ʲʲô
ʱɫںһƬֲָΩҹĵƻ
Ҳ֪˵ţһ߳Ժӣתȥ˳ֻһ紵ʹͷæȥִ½
ʱһŨصѪӴ嶫ͷƮ˹ĵƻһϨ𣬻йǺʹëȻ
ҹɫУ˽һ磬¡
һ˫üε̾Ϣһһץס֣˵Ҷܡδ˵꣬ߵĹŤͷܡǸɽ֡
ֻһᣬض𡣾ͷһƳͻȻɩжҵɽӡ
һ٣һֹס˽Ųּ˵磬㿴
ĲſţŵĵƻӰӰ´УɼɩһѪɽǰšŮͷɢ״ȴǲŲæĸӣһ˻ӶеһС죬кƣйǺһ˵ǰȴǿһâСһЦ
ͨһɩ´æˤڵأȴǽźӲ֣Ź˵üĺޡ
ΪҪɱҼҶɣΪҪɱҼɽӡ
Ŀ޺ʱ쳹СϿա˶һۣһ˵ˣɱ¡ףǻˡһ˲ΪغһصںеЩӣ治ôõطյһ룬ܲʦɰɡ˵ţָһ㣬طǰϵĸӡ
ȶɩǾ֣ǲ³ɩһѡ֪еգ鼱֮±ҪܻȥˣȴСѿһ㴩ɩӡ
ɩ޺һžñ߬ס󣬸ˣֱţߵִǻɤһɶ
Ǻɱ˶ɩһжеС죬һẕ́˵ĸӵʬסСδͣ٣ֱԶһһŮ
СҪɱִ磬ֹס˿޺Щ֪룬ȴ߷һӰӭͷ˹ȥɵʧִ硪
һûʶûΪǺƵСǡɷ족˵ǳ׼ΪҪռ꣬ɱˡ
ţһȻ˲ԣҶܡ˭ϣʿǲԸŹһڡΪʿҲ˵ɱˣ޴ĸ಻ԸŹ⻹಻簡ۿŷɽϮŭֵҲ˲࣬һȥ
һѣͷ翹ӲмЦЦɫȴͻȻ
һɲǣְͷϵķӭϮĽ⡣ֻáһ죬ɽķ˳ȥɣоűԽʹһԷǰִ¡
ӼԼķɽȻһ÷ķˣţȴͻȻһ⵽ǰ֮ʣǲֻһʹһͷˤڵءͬСȡ꣬쳣ʱæҪɽ˭һӰٿȻһ֮㵽Լ˫ü֮䡪
δüһʹֳһѪ漴۷ף浹ȥʱһֹסΣش˿ڴǰҹɫУȡأԵѪȾ׷硱ҹɫӫӫɱʿң
ִ硪תۼ䣬ɶĴ˱ˣеʧ˿ڣȴԭأ̻޴
һ嵽ͷϣߡתҹɫµС壬ε̾һԷ˹ֲסıʹͷʶţ


473 µ
Ƭ̹һ˵ȥӦһץ½˹ȥ
ͷӵĶͷѿ޳˸ˡЩϤھӣѱһ߾߱ʬʮ໧˼ңֻʣһˣ˵ֻʣִˡ
һѰ˰ѳͷڴɽʮӣЩ޹Ĵȥһҹȥˣʱ£Ϊÿһ˼ҵķͷ˿ľĹƣѰҼΪ֮⡣
ڶɩһҵķͷǰأԵţһһԵʯͷĬĬžƣɫ
һСӣ˭˭ˣǼֽ֮һˣʹЩ޹ĴšһббķԼɽŵĴ䣬һͷ쳣ıơ
ʱ֣ͷӺصƲ¶ͷɫת硣Сͷ˴˵ʬס
һԣһǰϵһɽںѰ˸ʯӸ˽ȥֽϵǬСԼǰѷɽԾ͵ؾˡŻصͷ˵Ҫȥһµ
ôãһѵ֪ĵ˵ԭɣ֮ǰ˵Ǹĵµģȥ̽һ
Ϊɥʧһȥ£ûȥ¡޹ʹΪĲޡһʿɥ֮£˺ŰףʹЩջյĴת۱һѶѵˣһԻڰ
ִ磬⣬ܶԿһ˵Ĵӣᡣִȥأ
£һȥµǰѷɽ˳ŴҡŴµȥ
ʱƬϤĺĵǰСȥһĽűߣϥڴϣһԡεϻۣ۾ﾡǻȻ
ڴϡһԸšȴǾͣίصͷ˵Ҳ
һҴͷϣһ½һѱһֻСץסˡҡҡͷ˴êһ˰ϡ
ĵķԲ۴ΪƵݡѭŰת˰ȦһˮĵݴһֻС
ǰҲ鿴һ񣬶˱㴩ïܵĲݴȥ
һϡߴʯǰͷգȴһ紵ס˺䡣һķɽУСĵ
δͻȻЦŵסһһæͷʾԭأԼǰ˼ֻɽðһˣ֮ϲķˡ
Цδͣ⵽еķɽɵɫ΢䡣һĽ²ͣǰ˳˦еķɽ
һɽôʹǸķˣΪǰҪЦ֮ʱȴǷɽźХķ㵽ǰƲ
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֮£һеһṦ㵽˶ԷĽǰ֮Ϯķɽʹ޴Ӷܡ÷赲ʧȥɱ֮һʿȥùĻԼοһᣬܲ˵ػִȥ
Ҫƴ已ֵ̥ܵɽ֮ԸкЦ֮࣬ԼķɽѴ˶Էȴһӱڴ͸ѪĽβδ֣⡭
֮ʣһеķٿȻ¡ԷѹΪʱҺһ㵹ȥ
Ϣ֮䣬͵Ϯ֣һ˵ϵʬף಻˱ɽƵʯǸɽ漴ܳѰһ飬Żصɫɷ׵ǰο޷ˡ
ھ֮еԹ磬õġ˵ţǰһƵСĲ鿴¡
µļһѪۣһϻ˵ӡɲƴˣ޼ֵǵ飬ȻȻ
һͷϵĶңһԷץ½ͬһ㣬ʧȥǰһС
ʯһɽǰˡĸţһԻѷߵȷ֮ϳ˵һ棬ʲôתһĻп
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ȥĺΪߣԼŭɱ֮ԺһŻȻԼǿĲ֮ûΪƾԲ뻯شӱҪʤʿ̫ࡣ
ԷǻͬڵϣǱ˴˼ΪӦ·һ˴ԭɡ鿴ɽſĹѰ˵䡣
ֻ⵽ĸŵʱһɫĸΧһȦһŶڣԶȻݲͬԼɱ˽Ϊʿǵȥ˺δĪ˵ĳ
һȡ˳ȥ˵ز˾ƾǿĽ⧲֮ɱʿ˵ΪĽҡʿһˡ
һ뿪ʯ֮δïܵĲݴԴһⶸȻɫͻ䣬ȻתֻԶгһ磬һֱĵ
ִ̧֮ͷɵȻһȴһѽ󣬰пࡣʱҪ㣬ȻˡС֮ϣӵùɽѸ
һĽ֮ʱһȻǺһӴǰǵ硣һֳΣҽһһŻתʧ˰Сǡ


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ôһת۵Ĺ򣬿棬еǸ˵ĻСһɴ۾ŵĿϲץ½Ůӡ
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ԼһֱԼˡһһŮ޶һ¿ĺӶѣôһŮӣ֮ʾǵǰΪԼΨһǸΪ֮ȥˣ
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壬ɱ㡭ĵ׷һ˻һȻתѪ˫ͫɫ͸ŴûйŨصɱѸʹͷһݡ


475 ϼѪ
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ʦͽǱΪ飬УһȭͷƬƬѪ⣬أԲܲ˵غݺȥ
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þ֮һҡͣ˫أѪδѣͬѪϴһ㣬ͷϡϡϾѪӡʧ꣬վƬ̣۾һһͷԵϺ˵һ϶Եɤ
Сӣ˲ʡİ

ִ磬Ұô˵ǲˡ㡭
յĹҫϤСԺǻõӰǰζšһƬˮҲ𡭡
֪˯˶ãˮеһ۾ϼѪ
һ󣬺ĵˮϴĴĻˮУĿѪ졣
Щһ룬æӵ˵ʹסһԶţ毺õһȾ̬꣬һ˯ֻǣҲҲץ½󡭡
˫Եóضһҧʹԣ
֮ʱĭҹɫУǣ顣ѽˣһ빲ˡ޸ĸ֮ˣһֺγǣҵӴᶪһȥָܻΪһȥ꿤áΪұֺη˭ϣͷһŮӾ棬һİ
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ҹʱ֣죬ŵµڵ£ƽֹ¶⡣

ҹ£һһʯף־һĹѨΪʱģԸ룬˦ƬʮʯĹѨܲһ󷨣
һԲεʯڣµĵ룬һʯϣǡ֮Ĺ֣Ϊִ硣
ϵʬѪһѻˣһŻصĹǰ¡ȴϵʹֻĬĬžƣĬĬĹһǰǸСԺеΣȴǳڵ£ûǶ˵Ӱ뻶˵Ц
һĨʱҡҡտյľƺ«һįһ̾˿ʱǸЩϤɤٴ𡪡
Ǹӣܲˣ


476 ֮
üͷһתǰѽһ㣬زʯϡ
ң˵ӦǸˣɤԽ仰͸޴ӿܵԵĪŭ
һһΪ俪ڵݴнꡣ˵ȻҸ
ߵɤİбֹһΣһΪԻþȥ֮ǰٴ˵֮²⡣Ϊˣ֮ʣ㲻ǰѲʯϵĽ
ƨǽ꣡һĻδ䣬ߵĲȻŭУǽʯбб׹ȥ
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˵˻û˶֪ɣȴ⺬ֻǵⲿڼáʶУͣ࣬ⰵ
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ȥΪ²Ҫڣһ˿ٲҴ⣬æȫй
ºһ붨ɫء𵤵⣬ȴδĺתһһ߿Ϊ˭಻ϴνᵤĹͷǿչһ󻼣֮ʱֽйʩչѩϼ˪뱣סΪֻ䷨Ȼ³֪˵ֻڴ˴һˣ£ȻȬ˵ķӿһԡ
뵽˴һжһöǲϸϸжպԸ¶ⲻѰйֻ֮оŶοھֱΪħֱַΪǿ塢ɷ־ƳؽơΡաƿС졣
⣬Ĺǰļοھ˵Ƴؽ಻󣬿ɺƿ̫֮˼಻˰ɣ
ÿһοھƪ֮Ӧ־಻࣬ѧӣȴʹһɻ˼׵Ŀھǰ㾪׵أ
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478 
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ʮָ꣬һӼ䡣
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ʮĹȥһοھûдɣûСɣֻãһοˡ
ʱûʲôǿ첻ӵĽֹסڣΪˣһ˿
֮꣬ǳѾõжšת֮תȫڵһʱ֮䣬к𵤣һǿ壬һĲҲ̶á
ԴˣڵСܲԸȴΪƣڴһǵͬʱֲòֳһǿ鵤
㣬ȥŽǵǿһ֮һ˿ѪǣǴ˰ԵʣܽһΪãȻ΢ȴʹԼ˲ڽʿΪ
⣬鵤ֹסڵƣϡֻǣͬѿһ㣬ǼѷأĿȥʹûưĵǲײࡣһοǣ⿴ƳªֹĵתΪɥʧĲʱûˣǣԼΪʲô
һУǴ۵ĵûɫΪĽңңڡĽСʱǸΣö֪
ʮ䣬ڱչжȹȴ˵ʲôǵá澭ƣ˼֮˼֮˼֮˼֮֮ͨͨǹ֮Ҳ֮ҲԼȱ̵һָ

һյĻƻ裬ݼ䣬һʯڣǰĬĬһ¶Ӱҹɫٵʱһ紵ȥֻһصļį¹򡭡
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ǼյĹһ㴩ˮ˱ȿеķУһ϶һö򣬽鿴һ£漴ɽзȥ

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һбľ£ӲľǰһƵͷ˵
СΪˣҲǡ֡ЦŵͷҪһ̳Ӿƣһ߿ɽҰ羰һ߶Сá
ӱǸ·˵һһδͣЪۼɽҰСΪƧ̲סͣЪЪšȾƶѣ˳ʴ˴ڡ
֪ӺʱһϲоƵӡнįȥĩˣζˣ¶Ũˡ
ƹСˣһЦˡоӣ̳ţһ˶ߵɽȥ
ɽˣһ˾̳ӡǬĵطأҪ跨һЩƴšӰȥֻǹɽͷٴκͣ
ԶƵɽһСɽȣŮһɽһ£żֲɫȥ
ʦãΪʦŲ˶Ͷɽڣʦ氡λŮӣǺƹģڵΪɫУǡԷŷµĺڵΪԭ绨һʦдżʹ࣬Σмֵɫ
ʦ㣬㻹ҼɽڰɡתȥΪ䡣ּ˵ĪǱ˻ǣһɽʦųΪ
ߣΪƹΪ˵ĸӹԹ˵ţȴͻȻתһ⣬ӽߵǰ
˼ͬʱһֻĿ㵣˼ŵؿŶԷô벻ͬʦûԼɱ֡ɫɷף̿дżæңͬ˺ųųʧΪβ㣿
ĿýУɽϵһд㵣ȴ˫üԹۡ
ʦãΪҪɱҡ֪ʹʹĵˮӿ˳
ɽصߣҿʦ۾ǿȻ֪ҵأֲϼɽڣҡֻá
ֻɱڡʦñɴ˰ģĲȻһЦѪҡͷ˵㲻ʦá
ǡͷʧ˵һ䣬ֺһԭ޴ڴʱһͻȻһӵЦǺǣ÷ĿУʵ˸а


479 
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ұƽ㣡ʹɫһ˿Ȼ漴־̾һĿԷǽڵΪԼһ١
Ӧڸ罫ö˵ķĿƵĹұƽǺһЦź޵ǲҵúõ㣬Էŭת˵ʮδòˣҼգӲˡ
˾֪˼ҵơһ˫ĳüƳ˹ұƽһ֮󣬲˸еسź˵Ҷʶ񣬰Ӱ룬׽಻ˡ׸ĸڼʷңʧ֮£ַֻΪνܾ裬Ծ˿ͷұʦ˺ƹΪԼ˸֣ġ
Σ̧ͷżʦɫоĮȻ˵ЩʲôʦؿŵѪĿʹò۾ұƽǺϾؿŮӣɫоζ
ҡ£ɫ׵ϵƣתգƮԶ׵ʱϲ伢ӣġϲֿɬζʹȴݶʹִи˰ٶ꣬ΪѳţгɡȻףȴأթгٲݡĽãİ·ˡգ
һɫкһֽѣĿҲߵĶˣּ̧ǽһĿ˰ѷɽһգ̾һģడӣ£ͬеҶ
ʦ㡭ӿ˳һȴǴηɫͷȥ
ŵϷŵģֲĹұƽԲ죬漴һΪɨ˵뿪ĺԭԳ£ǲϵۣʧǶȥ
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һڵŮޣףȴ˵ĸҡԾת䣬棬һĴȣˡ
ļʦõıѣ빫ұƽֵ֮ľʹĶ룬ȻȻȥԸ裬ûһ֦ɣȾ׶ȥ
󣬹ұƽδء֮ĹΣǴжһ׮ǷǰˣһĹʡɽУĵʬˣֱԶһǧɾ塣
ƣԶ볾ǰڡһĹѨһڡ鱮룬աһڣˡ

һɽת˰գڹ˱ȿԱϵһƧϿУһΡóö򣬽ǰеͼԱȲ£һͷ뵽˹ȵ׵С
ʱȥһһصɽǰǰһ̧˽ȥ
ɽֻһɴСĵһҳƾţ⣬ǴӶҶʹô˴Իߡ
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Ϊʿãȥδ١Ὣ𣬻Ļҳڶһ˦䣬һ紵ˬࡣ
һСӣʲôҲûСڲ޼в֮ģʿ֮һһԣâ̧ͷɽϷһ۵Ľ䡣
˼һٳָһ㣬㳯ʯȥ顱һһâһСĶڳǰ
ԾȹüһһǡȻɽ֮ڻнƵĴڡΪûгӵĺҪһˡ֮ͫ£һĽƾšǿƽȴ˵׾٣ʹЩ⡣漴ҡҡͷ
ССʯڣʲôûС⣿
Щشԭأһٴο˿ڿտҲЩԸҡҡͷ۹Ѳš
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ЩεʰǸţԭ֯ƽѲݣƳĥ£ԵЩᡣʿŵĹɲװЩпĶһƶһֽһԡ
ʱȥˣһʧ߳ɽ˹賤Ұݣȥ
ٽֵʱһ̲סͷȥǸɽΪأΪҰڣƾĿѷֱڡʲôδѰֺԭ·أɽ̤ȥתڿֺ֮ͣ
ʲôһ̤ŷɽؼɸߣǸɽǰ档
涴һԶʯϣߴСһƬطЩذȥ磬״Ǹŵƶм¡Լɣ
âһ漴һѷɽƬʯڱ˹ȥ
䡱һʯмɢȥһĶڳһǰϸϸһۣһķʯж
һ̧һץһǬɳǸڡ̧ͷһۣʯڵΧ̽һŷԭȵɽ°
֮һĿ¶ڴŴһȻ֡λضʿǱĲãڶһƬµʯϵƶ״£ֻɺϣɷĻ֮٣֮ǲɣ
ǬתĶǰöһơһһԲ̣⣬һǬ


480 
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סеĺ棬һһöͼͼбע޶һϸϸߣ۴棬һֱյȥûб
ͷֻһ˼ص˵ͷ˼һö֮ʱɫһ䡣
ԪǱԻȴġ࣬׺õ֮ɼҹһסţΪˡ
˴һһ񣬼ȥֱһ󣬲ü˿ȴȻʧ񡭡
࣬ԪӤʣݰ꣬Ѱܷںɾеɽ⻯ʿ׷ɱعκضԪԪʦѵɵãϣгɡ
еĻΪ
˶ɾӦǼΪϤеõˡķΪԪӤʱԪޣĴѰ֮ȥһݵĵط֮һɾУɽܷȴʿ׷ɱֻӻشġַ֮ԪľµĵԪ佻˺¡⣬һżԵͼʾһߣСڹע
ʿһŻʿĵطɵãһ;Ī˾УǾǳ٣ӦΪ˷񣿶ڶľݣǸһΣ
񲻶һöδһɴ۾ɻһ̶ٽ⡣
öλԪĵӣԪ۵ԪʦԴ̶ΪСʱš
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˵ˣԪߵʱ򣬴˵ɽ졢һ硢ⶾһö޵ʦŵĹԼʯȻ˸ĶֻתڴһտطʦšֻλԪ۵ʦȴҲûл
Ԫעһط˵֮ء
һƣΪŵĳУӵĵţȥ˾֮Ӧļ֮
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һǸԲ̣ƴСһΪǬһΪʶ滹һοھΪǬ󡱡
ԪԪˣֻȡ̡һڵʿʶر⡣ɽµĽƱܿһɴ˿ɼλԪʦֶμΪѰΪʶһ㣬ȴںԩ֮²δһ֮ЩɼⲻʧΪһֱ֮ˡ
ĶһشµǬϾһĽƣȴ΢ܿƵĲ٣ǿ
֪ˣʶƻɢڵĽ֮У˲˵Եʡˣļµʹ˲ݡ
һ͵һץˡһڵĽѣĶһ࣬ȻװʯһԺصϻһ磬⣬һ׿Ʋ׵ѥӡ
ǬУװŲʮʯһ¶ЦݣΪϲ֮ǰʮķѺȥʯĳɡΪߣɵࡣйʮʯʱһʺư
ʯһǸصϻὫ򿪣ʹΪ֮һһָľʯǰǣü˼£漴뵽ʲôȻ飬ٴζ֮
İɾܹļɽĽ죬ʹ˳ж԰ε⾧ʯеһޡ⾧ʯʯͬͬеĽ꣬ǷȴǾӨ͸
䲻֪ʯһǶ϶ѵõĺö֮Ŀǰһ˫ѥϣ¶ɫ
ѥȴΪʶ֪ʶǱһ㣬һȴǿ͸ⱡųâ漴Ȼ֮ͫ£Ͼǲ˲Ľơ
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ѥӵ£֪ΪƣӦΪʡѥ׻С֣ΪơΪһɫĵۣɴȴԵüΪļ͡
ƾɵĳԼѥӣֿ˿Բĵѥۣһվָ¡
ɽȵУ߳һŻ۵ˡβȴа𡣼̼䣬˱һŰȽȽա
ƶˣһ档ѥڽϣ뷨ֻӳ֮һɿ첽ɣֿƶԭıɴҪ࣬·𡣶۴ϣƮƮһá
ӳӵϵõ˲ٺôɽиԼջķᣬһҡҡͷǲһ֮ˣʮȥˣ˶Ѳ
ƶ룬һʧȥӰһ󼲷ȥ

ҹ꿤ĿǣһŴԺء
Ϯһ㣬ϵҶԵİ׵ҡҹɫУ
ֵһͷһӰ֮ʼ۵ĹѵǴǰɥĺδˣԷֱǰԺ
Īľǰɥһ˵
ͷˡһŤͷһۣڻһ䡣


481 峥
ǰƻͨТŮ٣һ̧ͷһԺСŻɫۣ̤ģȳһλˣüĿʱȴޱ飬ƣͣ½Ų쳤̾һ
ңˡһ·һδ֮ʱͷȥԪĸһƬأùʶϴηֱѹȥʮ꣬Ԫбʣż˭룬һ
һλ֪ӭǰ˹֣ǰ졭
Ʊ˹£һҪ˵ֻһТİӭǰ´һۣסһʵͿ֣
һδߵ飬ĬĬǾߺڹסһλߣ˫ĿأأԴżϵ̬Ԫʱģ˭뵽תʮȥվƺһ𣬾
ʦ浱ǰٴ֮ʱɫ
һתڶԷؿڵϡյĻƿС֮ѳ˹ϡߡͷ˵һԪĳӣԪһ
Ȼʦˡ߾һǡͨڵأԪһҵǰһֱ߶˼ҡδͣǰԪĺˡһΧ˹һƬһʱ֮䣬Ԫп
δΣһеԪˣԼݼʱ¶ʵ⣬޴һȦʱˡ
Ԫ࣬ԭǸ˵Цͣˣ־ڴĴʱû뵽Ժʮָ꣬һӼ䣬ڴ˴֦ɢҶɾԼһС
дһ
£ָ˳̬һǰƣתǰˣ˰죬˵Ƚڰ˳ɣ
Ԫһæӵ˵ʦѵûؼһΣСסաһͷӦʣæǰ·
ԺһУˣֻԪһʦ档
һǽϵĻȻǰеһٷվˣԻǰվ˷ֱԪһһԪԪ硣
ʦĸ񣬲Ԫҡҵﲻֹһε˼ˣֱҡÿκȾƵʱ˵ô⻭ÿնҪһʱǣĪҪ˴̣ĪҪʦģʮԪһһ޵ĸӡ
һתп֪֡ΰοԪһ̾һ˵һʮ꣬δ뵽֪ʱ᣿
Ӧᣬҵǰ˵ؼңʦؼҡԪһɫ
룬һ˵Ǻɣأ޴ɽһˣҪиݵĵطһȥΪԪһ¹ڣȴ׮Ըɣ
Ԫһͷǣʦܵһ˵Ⱦٰܲɥ²ùңȥʱԻȥ
պһԪһΪʮƬԪһԷȻȥ
⣬ԪлʫݺĹǰһĬĬһ죬ĬĬһľơҹɫٵʱ˵Ԫ࣬һؼˣ
ҹ缲һڷǰ𡭡

պһʱ֣һ˱õԱĵ죬ǻؼҵһؾ֮ءʲôʵΣοһĵĵط
ʶͷ򣬼ʿӰ˳һһԺǰгâ漴˵¹áĻߣȴǴԺӵ󷨣͵漸λʿĶС
ɫУԺǰĹâĿ漴һʿԺšǰԺ˲ҵ˳ӭ˭ϣλʿ˵㱻һץס
ùʿֻǰһ䣬һ֮СǰվŵľһλˣΪɲӣʹɵ
λʿæԼ֪ʵ棬ơԷһȥŴһһʱ󣬴Ӽúڷһʹýסˣųһ亹漴˶˵Լͷ
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ú˴º󣬼ú¶Դ޿κΡڵΪΣֻϼӿܵӡ
һʿƣǱ˼ú壬ɱ֮һ㾶ȥˡɱǸûеóѡǰĵϣҪ
һ·ȥʱһͣЪϢһټǰ
º鵺ˮϣĶ֮ǰһķ紵űƾðһӰǷݶһ
е˴ľ಻һ˫´ţٲȻһɽ;ˡֻǣɫһ־⡣
ֻ÷·ʵˡδԶģһǲԸС뿪鵺󣬿һЩ
Ķһתһڹɽ߳һλߣ͸ž˵в֪͵ţ֣ĳʧԶӭתɻʣѲأʧ֮١
֣ȫһЩĮͬڶһ·˵
ַ룬ٴ´Ų֮ͣǿ͸ԷʵΪɫ˵֣ҵļ֣ȫ֪Ժηʲ˭֪ɽڵϿҼҵĽǳ
ͷƵģһ̧ӹȥһ˵ãӲǸʦ桢ɽŵСˣȲһ֮Ѱˣ
Ҽ֣Դż򡭡е֣ȫ㵵ؿǰˣʵǡԷǣ˵һ


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ɱԴ֣ҵĳˣ㻹δ֣Ȫ֮£סһֱ̧˷ɽ
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ͷ·ޣߵŵڵ۷壬Ԫ֮ʱƴ֮£δռ˱ˣӳϽ֣ͣ˵ҪΪԴŹ㣡
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֣ȫĺ붼ѪȾˣģΪĿվȥ飬֣дȡ֣ͬӣǱɱ˶ˡԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬοҵΪ޵֮ˣѿ˵ʧ
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ΪҡҡͷһĴҵ֣ȫ˵ѿ˵ʧȴ˲ϵĶãʧ˳һѭɸԼܵģ޷ͣˣһֺˡ䣬һһ¡
֣ȫ֮±Ҫˣ֮бԶܣ֮һ̫ǿһδڣ촦
ˣŶϧʱһٶˣ᲻أ
ɫ֣ȫʬȡ˶ԷǬʧһδȥǺϾڶǰСƬֻ̹ɽ·ת˲㵽˸ǰλʿ嶴ǰ˵ò󣬱˴Ȼӣ漴¶ϲɫ
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Щ죬ʿһδ˶ȣأԱ˫֣üʵѳڣΪһŵ˴˴ɣ
һ˵Ȼǣ˵ѱŵԪӤʦɱˡһ˵⺣ļҪ˳ɽڣͳһϽ֣оɣ鵺Ȼҵȳפ֮ˣ
Զ٣ΪʤȯգһΪͬŵԵʣ˴˼˵Щ˼ɡֻתۼ䣬֣ڣ㽫ˣһһ䣬ͬᣬ˵˫˫
鵺ʱһı֣ӵܵʿ³֣ȫѰȣɴԴȻԷǵȲ˹
ڱ˴˽Ҫ֮ʣֻʮںȻйâҪƴɱڼ̼ʧȥӰɢֳһһˣϻǬ
ĵâεضͬǬһһֻǣһƬ漴·ȥ
һ֣ҵµǰ̧ǰһ£˽ȥһϯ֣ҿ֮ⷿѰ֣ҵһƽѣһɨգŶݳ鵺ֱ󺣵ȥ
ããĺϣһĺ⣬һֱһû߻ͷ·ǳżҵĴ·С
ץסһ̳Ӿƣ׹Ǿ滳ֻǻؼҵĳ嶯һ¶˾Υ˵Цݡ
һ뿪鵺İԺˡ֪֣ȪӱɱδŭǶ֣ܵٺһɽϣԶ󺣣ɫ
֣Ѿںɽڣļ壬鵺鷳ȱ뵽һˣǸʧʮһСӡֻǣͻȻð˭СӣããĴ󺣣ûѰټ
ɽ£ɽµĹʯ֮ϣھеӣǲһת˼һ̾
ӵǰһķڣǰĹм֣Ϊ֣֮Ĺ
ÿȥʮ꣬ӶҪ鵺һˡ˵Ϊ֣ҵĽ飬˵ġʹģѲŮӡ
µڣǶٶǰһӽɽ𵤲ã֮ʣ;˵أһһŮӡ
֣ҵһŮӣȴžòˮһ飬ӾΪˣԷΪ˵ݼ׵Ǳ򶯡Դˣ֣ҵȻּɡ
Եǧպãްպ졣ºӸе롣Ů겻꣬ػšǿŮһȥճΪƤ׷ģһԽܣΪ˵С
Ӻѵˡʮٴ;鵺ʱôһŮӡ
ΣΪŮ˵һ𣬱עΪһ֣
һŮӣˣ꾹һӡŮӺؽˣǸɵˣһջġʱû˷ֻ಻ꡭ


483 ʵ
֪ǸŮӵһУΪ׷ĪĶѳɼҵڱֵعԼӡ
Σ֮£ӾǲһˡѰ֣ҵļ޵ص⡣ôһŵĸΪɽ֣ǴӦǣʮһʿ͵ڣˣ֣Դ
֣Դ֣ȫΪӣ游˭ûм֪䱾˸¶֪ȴӶ֣ӵܺǻмӣػ
֣Դӵ׵ӣ鵺ĺУΨһ֮ˡ
ӵϤĹ£֣ԴȻͬ죬ıɹΪ״ӣȴǽ˶һȥ۰ȻЩ鲻˵һϵʱ
ǲšһջᳬԽڵ𣬳ΪɽĵһˡҲԼӽΪĿſգǸŮӵķڣʱࡣ
˭ðһɱ֣ԴʹһδϱܲΪ֮ۡΪ֮ߺޣʦֱɾŵͷΪǸɶСӣᵤɽ˶һơ
ߣɵӲɣȾȻŰΣֺααӣһСˡοɱ֮𲻹죡£
˭룬С˵õĹ֮ձ˴ˣֱʮ꣬ԪӤ׷ɱ
һñҵɱ֣ҵļʵˡǽ֣ҵĳԹԴϣأ
ɱ֮𲻹죬һұɱ㣡
˼һ֮󣬳£ӵɫǶɪ֮⡣ǰĹ˵ǸŮˣȴȥΪҴĺҶȥĪǱӦ𡭡

Ǿǵĵһѩ
ѩط졢ء۴ǰããһƬ
ˮߣͺͺ֦ѩҡҷţżһˣһѩһذţĴݣΩǵԶУ˼׷ɫ
ذͣһﻭǰͣ˽ŲԼм˿죬ʹⶬѩĺȥ˼֣ʹˮһ컵ķ⡣
̣ӿһɤ˼æң漴һһʲôδΩǰߵɫ΢㵣ҡҡͷ
ʮֽֿڣ̳ڡ̨һľ磬óµӣΩйͺͺ˱ֱţָ졭ֽǵļѩڣһʱѼҺ졣
ʱɫƳϣѩУǶЩʣ
һˣ£;ܲ·˺üأڶǰһ¸ϵ˴̵ľǡ
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ĳΣЩһ޹ءʶмʳڵʿᣬھһȦ֮󣬱ڽҹɫʧȥӰ
յ賿һسǵĴϣȴǶ˸̳ӣ滹Сǧ𥡱ľ˲·˵ĲĿ߱ߺȣɫĪĿ⡣
һϵľƻ࣬ɻѰǧ𥡱ľƷ˲֪شʮ̳ϾơǸƷƹȴǾϲӡŵľ̳Ӳɣϲǹ̨ðһ

سǲδѩȴ쳣䡣˽Թ۴ҴҸ·Ωһᱡĵۣž̳ӣࡣ˴ʲôȥ˶Сļҡ̶ļҡ
ؼҵˣ޾
Ϥھִǰһפǰɫȴ˼־һĵʿںȾƹ֣űʹ˸е졣δ˶룬ԷƮȻȥ
سǵţһںɪɪ󻹲һᦣдذɵһ߹ȥԷֱͦ࣬ɫȴ͸ֵڴ
λСˣĪ;ɣؽָһһδǰǸذǰ಻ס˿ڡǺıǹ˲ãֻ¶ĿС
һЦЦɵһλˡһСӷڶԷУ˵˵
ץסеĽӣذɵɫŤƨµʯˣ˫ĿЦضʿɤĿ˿ڣż𣬵У˵ǰʱת֮ǺǣУȴĪĸпһ䣬ԾסϸϸԷһۣԳ£˵ҹ۵ȧ壬ǹأˡ
ذɹ飬һǺһЦž̳ӱתȥԷȴæ˵ɷ׸ĸֶѣ˿޿һ¿֮࣬ⲻλ硭
òݣı˺أԲ֪ȴɫ֣صذɣһҡͷЦ涼Ǽ˵λǷ֮ʲô˵ʲôοıôһ˵ǣ˭಻̹ԵɣǲǸ˰ĲɵʵŶԪ٣δ
ִж࣬ɲҲǼĲΪȻذЩıԹһ䣬ɷµָ꣬˵Ԫʮģ궫Ρǻףһޣա
߰ҽ˵ꡣѵгҪ˵ųɡĵʿҪߣذɼˣæס˵ǹඥͫ࣬˽òҹǱԨһɳ죡


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Ұ˵ذЩˣִŸĪ˵ҷ˵ʮ֮˵ʱ꣬½пܰ
룬һһذɵ˵ǮۣĪ¶֮캮㻹Щؼȥɣ
ѽлǽģذһʱЩ£ֻлԷȴǰڰ֣Цݵʵǰ˴һ˳ƺɡ֪кˣֽסںδ
˵ģĪǱسǵĺ棿ذСĵشӣڷʡִ󷽵ĵȻǺЦݴ˴Ǻ淢֮ء
ָԼصǸʯգżذɽ˵꣬ڴ˴ż˵㻯似ҽ֮£ҵͬΪҵʦүơ˼ҳ֮󣬱١߰һδ˵ꡭ
ǸʿȥıӰذδز飬סۡϺֳϲɫ⣬ҹ»ҫձ콵ƣĪĳ統ĺһʱתֻǣҵ˺ڡ

ĺӵϣƬﻧ֮ǰҪ˲١ԭɼҵСԺӰԶͷæµɣȴǶһЩʿӰʹĺУİ
ǽȥ˴ľ̳ӣһԭʧȥӰ
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һʧʱһſ˳ſˣһۣ˵λʦֺˣĪ򡭡˵꣬ԵõشЦдֻ֡
һǣת˺ɽʶɽļɽ֮ʱĽŲԶ£ּǰȥ
ȳǰ̾һһͣ˽Ų̧ͷȥһƬԶɽϷδǰһϤɤ𡪡
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ľֻǸСѾͷ˵ģΩ毺õݣŹȥļ̬
ǰ֮ˣյһУһпȴĸο뿪ĵʱ򣬲ûȥڣôȥˣֻ²ϣǸͷ
δ룬ɵεһھɽзһʶӰң档ãľˣŲΪ
ʧ̬ľֹסˮ˴һƿһ㡣˫棬Ϊ˵Ҷϳʲôˣôѽ
еľһǸŮңﻹˡ뵽ʲô漴ȵ̧ͷʵᡭ
һҡҡͷ˵಻֪
ѽǸС޵˵һ䣬ľһ٣ֵͷȥЦһĿӹȣͣһƬɽϣЦûˡ
ߵ߶ȥľָ˳̬ȥˮ˵ȥʦ㣬Σ
תӺݶ̴ľһ˵ͷԴǸ˵һ鲻ѣ˭뾹ʮȥˡԷȦֺʾ£˵ΡȥʦǱߣ˵
꣬ľɵĺغɵ֪ĵľ˱ʣɽʮһεĳԶΣ㵽Ϊֹʮ̫ǳ쳤Ԫľֱ֮󣬶ʦּȱչأյ̤۷塣Щ˽ǵĴСɣ׷Ϩҵ˼ͷϢһʵǿɣһ֦㣬Ц
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ǺԪ۵ķͷһʱ˽һͷּɣֵ֮ˡ£ڵʱΪ̸̽ǳֳһƬ
Уʮȥˣ̫²գЩ֪½ȥľΪ˾ɽΨһ̫ϳϡ˵ʱ⡣ΪֹǰʱÿնƬɽС
ݣֻ࣬ƣʦȥ˶ʮءû˵еС಻˵ұѰʦ㣬˵ĵ¶һС
Ǵɽϣһ·ǰͣľ˵ĹأʦǰҪڴ˴䲻֪ԭɣһǴӦˡʦ㻹˵Ҫөʯ
Ĺϣɳ
̾Ϣһһδ˵óһ̳Ӿƣ¡ǸɽڣԶөʯˮм˹ˮߣһۼΪ֮ݣ
ʱУȥһЩ˻ᣬ߽һ㣺лл㣡ںҹһ̣ӡ
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ʱľʮģȴŮҵ̧֮䣬һ顣ǺȾƵ̬Щ죬һżַ·еȻζ
ôңǸѧġΪƽ˭룬δȥȴǳ˾ͽһ˵仹żɬľ˵֮ΩʦǰȾƣɲЦҡ


485 λ
һž̳ڷǰľº˵˵㳤ҲӢ治ʦϲʲôСһڣɫࡣƣǸƵˡ
ɫΣһĬľ˵ʦδ㣬ȴ֪˼˵ϲһˣáµʱһ룬һȥˡ˵ţˮת
˵ȲӢǸƢΪƫƫϲء˵ǰΪѡϣΪκ˲ȴңأ«ˣľһľ̳ӣˮˮôܲ˵عȥ
ľұ٣˱ɱΪʿǵòȻѬ֮£ȴһԷ񡭡׵Ľ˻ƣȴƾŷΪΪ޷졭̳Ӿƣľתۺһɶɫ죬һ˵ڴĵʱҡʦֵܡʦǶȥ˵ʱұǺϵһУĵһУܵһУ㱻׷ɱΡ
һ룬ͻȻ̮ʱ򣬲ŷǲһ־ΣʹãȻ޴롣ľʱΰɣ飬顣Ĺ󣬲ģ˵ıԡ
һóһ̳ƣĬĬ˹ȥľȴļͷ޳ͬӣѰ˾Υп
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ãйãļ̌ͷһ˵лˡϵľûˣûˣʲôδ
˵¶ľ޽ǵҷһ񣬶һ

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ľɵ̣ȴһĵʿɽк˾ƣЩڽԺյĳǣһʱûš
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һռ˰˵ҹĻľδƣ̬ݹתǸ˵ھɽǲգȴڴ˴ޡ
ȵľ£һǰ˾һ㡣ǼλɵĳԶȥֽĿƵľϣһһЦ˵޷˴λҪһӡ
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֪һľΪԷһ˴ģδϣ˵һ˵
ûȥʱȻҪȥһֻǽʼľʧ䣬һ˵ĺ«ҿУ˵˵Ԫۡ
ľٺ«ȴ׼ѵ֮һǶһССĽ󷨣ԭƴСĺ«װ¶ʮơ
ԪۿɲˣµһۣΣ㻹Լȥɣӣľһϲšӹ«ȵֶⷬο˵ð
һˣǰʱֳŮҵ̬һ׽֮飻ʹöطʱļİȻ޴档
«ѵ֮Ϊ֮ˣһʵ֪ҼҵΣ
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һɽŮӣֻΪĥʱգҲŲΪ룬һ˵㲻һȤ
ľ͵ʯŵԳ񡣿ˣľȻҡͷ漴Ȼ˵һ޺ӣ
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˵ɣȴ޿֮⣬ľͷĸοӹǬһǾǧʯ
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㻹ж٣
ʮʯаɣ
Щ겻ȥˣ

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һЦҡҡͷаɣתǷҡֱȥ֮ʣǹ·ͶһƳ
ƶȥʲôûӰľ̾⣬һȥѰ㡭

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ֵϡУǰӦǵʮֽ֡һһֿڴ̫ƽ¥ƣԵƾɵǧƷţ̧ȥֵͷ·ɸߵƮģǺ׽֡ɫ̱ߵ̫ƽ졣
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ڽֿڣȴҲһϤףĪĹ¶Ȼһת̧ͷųձۡɲǼԡȫһʵ߲


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һʮֽֿڣþ˫ֵһü΢һֳڵ鵤һ˿޵ǣȴʹ׽޴ᡭ
ٺ٣λʦĪӵζ
һ۵ɤ˼еһȻۡվһʮСʿüĿ鶯ģԴָ·ߡ
̫ƽ¥İӺó԰ԵСʿ˵ţǳһٺһ֣˦Ťͷȥ·ߣ̫ƽ¥İ̡
СʿӰһЩʧ漴ҡҡͷ̧˹ȥ
ƹģӣˮСʿкһֵһŷǰƹǸغˣһæµһЦԭСмûˣǺǣ
ٺ٣ⲻٽҷʦǰһЩˣҪæյġλʦҪ⣬ƹΪ˺ˮҪǮСʿǹϳɣ˵⻹ź
Ī԰ˣСѰɽŵİɣƹ˵ЦѽˮϣһͷЦкλǺǣϼֵİӡ
ССʿƹ˵ЦΪ⡣¿ˮȲ֡һӱһȥΪغٺš
ƹͷʾ⣬һ°ߵСʿλʦ־ܳԡСӿζ
һӣƷţһϹŵЦݡӺܺóԣƤ㡣ǲǵζ벻ˡСԵˬ죬ǰһ˹ȥ
㲻ҲˡСһأһֻƷ룬˦ӳ
һ˱裬Сİӳˡվ͹ĹĵĶӣٺЦţöͭǮţﻹ߶ӵǮСƹڶǺЦţϼλġ
һϵı٣鵺֣ҵһⷿнӣӣûͭǮһռֵƹվ̧ӹȥһӣתߡ
ҵүӿɲֵôһӣⲻҪˡƹľкꡢĴϢ뼱ٵĽŲһͷҲأѭŽֱֵߡ
ôһӣƹӴʳǡ·ԵΧ߻沢۲ѣ֮Զˣ󻹸һСʿ
˵λʦ֡԰ӱӦƷѡ˵£СԿòǰ棬С㼱Թš
ŶӼСڴŴһͣ˽ŲסЦˣ˵ұǣУһۣ
˱ãСܲʳ֮ˣҵȻԪۡСȻĪԪ۰ɽģʦγƺѽ
ӦͷĲ²⣬һ´ǰСжٸ׽ͷ˵㻽ǰɣȥԪۡ
ߣռұ˲ɣһ˵꣬Сɫһ壬ģر˫֣Ϊ˵Ԫ۵ڶʮӣû˸С㲻ǴҼ꣬ռұˣУԪµ֮ףǰɽѧ֮꣬ʤ⻹ö˵߱ǡ
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벻Ԫ۵ĵӶѴʮˡǰƷӣʦͽˣεӰֻ˵µӡνĵһʲôģʵһڴǿʶֻһһ߽ζĸܡ
һǰһ߳ӣԭͨ˶խСȴǿֱĴ·˲٣żгȥ
δ߶ԶβסӵСתһ˵ֻǣֻԼ˵ʹ죬вҫŪ֮⡣
Ԫ۵β̫һľϤġû˵飬Լ߻֮ϲвס㽻˵ס
µһ۵ιΪԪӵٵӵʦײβСδˡ֮£гϡй¡ִ£⻹šŵȵȣһӦеģСûеģС
һ·ϣһ˵ȴǶ˼ȻУ͸żȻ˵ĵۣеģһУǣƵĹȥԶ

ʮﲻԶ˵䣬̫ƽɽ㵽˸ǰԶΧɽŵһƬƬݣԼͬһ龰һǲ΢㵡
ǰһ˽Ų·ԵĵһҰһң˷θ죬ʱŵ۵ĵӰ״䡣ѭŽֵǰͷԪ۵ɽˡ
ԭбɽƷǷܻһЩʯװΣԵúɡԪۡ˽ɫƽ˼ֹ
ֹ
һϺ𣬾ڶɽŵһʿסȥ·ޱ˵λѲҵˣȥһԿݡ


487 ã
һ裬ǵһƣʾٺ٣λռұ˵ʦ֣ʧˣ˼ֲͷ˵˽Ԫ۵ģǿݣеִʿɺ󣬷ɽ
ʲôݣΨһԪѱԼţڣЩʶɽ֮ǰһüͷ
һһɫתȥͣڲԶλʿһλ߼Ҿ˹
ϵ÷ˣġŵһ·ڣӦȥֻعͷĵѵ˵Ԫ۵ʦүо֮˼ҿء
ۿ˾ҪɽǰһأվŲߡʿˣҪǿ
һһ䣬Ǻ޷Զǰʿһѣ˼վΣСʿӵ߹һȺ˲òͣ
ϡλŵĵʿǳĳȵɽǰҰ߱״Ǽλͬ˵ĵʿӣһĦȭơԶ˲ߵĶ׷˹
ʲôǻؼҰ뿪ʱֻʮ꣬ת۱ʮȥˣһ·һ·ͬǸСʿһ߽ɽţ˶Ѱеʧ䡭ɼ˼򵥵룬౻⼸Сɱˣ
ԪʢˣʦԸˣ⻹ҵԪ
һһڡ˭ŵʿģ߳ʣźɡ
ôһĹӰζʮԪ۵˹ǽһΧڵ䡣ԣŵö㵽һԡǸ÷౻˻˺ȴӿĸɫ˵һ֣˼ЦİĵʿʶôҲǣʲôطµһ۰
಻ãһ̲סˣʶɲǼ˶ԪۡׯɵĵʢȴʶˣɽƬɽꡭǰһƬУһλĿòİߵǰѽϤ
츣
ǲеߺ۾ЩãȻĻܣ漴̾Ϣ¡˭ϤĻٴ𡪡
츣
ⲻǴɫһʧʦ
ɽǰһɫת츣ҹ츣˭ʿ֮£ȴأԶɽţԴ
һҵ˼ĪĶ˼ο˫˶ЩС
ҵ͸ŹŹ֣Խƣŵĵʿ˼˱ɽȥˡƬ̹󣬵۵ĳδһλɣԺɽֱ˹
ʦ˰ɣ˾һ
ԶԶһ棬ɲʦ˼ˡһ˾
ٺ٣벻ۼʦ棬ǶȺϲ

ת˲ɽǰһ٣ǸŻ۵ˣɫòӴʧɫæܣҪʩΰݡ˭ϣλѵһʦǻ˫ϥݺᣬʧ츣ߵʦ
ʱѻȸԪӣԼΧ۵ˣҲû˸ɵվţһ¹һƬɽǰΩһһĬĬš
ʦӭɽؿһͷڵϣ
;ɽʱ򣬴ľĻб²⵽ԪйųԴһ£߾츣£һȦ죬ǰȥѳߵ츣ϸϸꡣԷϲ֣˵ʦģû䣬˵ɤǰĪ
ȥǸʮĺӣѳߣüĿϡżϤɫһͷпȴˡôĪˣ
ܼʦĨᣬ츣ĪĸԵ˵ţ츣ԣתʵǲв˼ҽŵġ
ʦˡʵڲ֪λŵϥмڵϲ̧ͷ
ߣ󵨡츣۾һӵҪȴһס߰ɡһ䣬߽ɽţӭ˼λʿ
츣ָ£ҪŹһصĵӷʦһ˦׷˹ȥǼλʿҪ񣬱ͷ˹ȥԪӵʦߵݡ
仰ʲôã츣Ļ䣬Ǽæ·ߣڳưݼʦһӶֻǰš
һ츣ԶˣǼʿŸɫ͸ѵõĻҡɽǰǷ׷һԵЩ겻ᡣ
Ⱥеɫ԰ףһӵ亹أַؿڣδģ⣬ʦʦҾҳʦ֣ˣ֪˴£ҷѲƤɡ˼᣿ﺦ£ȺҲ¶ͷ
λ÷ʧ󣬾ֻߵļ̾÷ҵĶˣǽһϹʦû˵治ʶѽ
λʿɽǰ֪ԭίⲻ˶ŵʹһ⼸˾֮漴ϲɫ˱ʦΪʦԲм٣ǵõ˹ˣԪǸ࡭ֻʦү䵱ʹ֪źã
ѭҲϤʯףһ˶ȥߴߣ󡣶ǲƬ˳׷СԶһƬã
ں츣˵оǸпϲáʦߵʱȥʱһХڶߡʦʱ򣬻ǰģһвתۼ䣬ʹ˻һΡһ츣ҹǺǣһӾˡ
ֻѵʱѹȥʮꡭ


488 
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츣ʾ£Ŵ󿪣ʮλʿԣʩһڰ֣ᣬŲ߽ۡ
ڣ֮Ϲһߴ̬ϣ⡣ֻǣòݵһת츣æ֣ǺһЦɫԵõζ
ǽͭУһҡҡͷת˳ȥԪ⣬ǿţʯڡ߹ȥһȥ˫ۡûյİʣֻкХ
һ̾һɽȥʱ츣аʮĸ䡣Ѳ²ʦĸܣʼһĬĬ㣬ΩǲƵϣǻЦݡ
˶ɽߣһƬžׯ԰ǰ˴Ӧ¬סĵطôôһƽԺһʣ츣ѷ˵˺밲ʦֵĻʼҵԺ
꣬ʱƯ֮󣬺밲ؾǣʹú̩ʵۼΪ𾪡ϼƿҩ󣬲Ǹʵ۴ԲߣҪʿ֮
Һð޵֮˽쳾»֮ȥʲôλ֮Լֵܵ򣬺̩ʵػοΪ밲һۣʾƵ
밲ˣھڵУûҪУԶԶģȥƫƧ֮أȥԶ뾩ǵԪۡ
̩ʵһԭǸĵۣڼΪĻõط֮ذԼֵ쳾ˣȫ֮
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ԪΪ˴ʦ֣츣Сʦܡ밲Ϊ˶ʦֺ֪ռ˱ˣæĴľ˻ʵ۵ּдѵĽ̫õ˶ٴ
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񣬺밲ȥա˾סڵԺڣŮԳԳƣδûл˼ͼĻһƽ
ͨɽСΪʯ̾ͣΪƽ̹ࡣʦͽ˱߱˵ƽԺһСƬǰͣһȦǳǳդǰһľƣмԺĸ֡
ʦ⣬츣˵Ϊϰҽ֮
꣬ʦֵ˾֮󲻾ãԪ۵⴫кҸŮѰдҽ֮飬֮ͬ塣ҸŮǺŮƾһҽ֮سǴˮ˼ԴֲʧұѰˡ
밲˸⣬ɴһԺרҽˡȻǮˣ˵ãԺ
֮⣬ٽɽŴһõԺһЩĽͶĽˣһЩѵĺרΪڡԪ۵ڹѨṦȭΪµľ
ڴڼ䣬ɵλŵͣް֮⡣
ʮȥˣֻʦͽΪƾɵۣѳΪʵĴۡһۡšԺĵӣϼҾ졢۵ȣ˿ǧ⻹ɽ¼һٻ˼ҡ
꣬һ˦ˣԪӸ츣ӡ񣬵ʢ˹޹ءһеһУܲɷ֡Եɣһʱ˵
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һҶĿ˭˲ˣһź˼츣ҡͷ˵Ǻ˵ļʹһ˻̧֮ȥһвͬ˵˴ĵͷ漴ҡҡͷ˼
λʦУѻرܣǰûӰһһ㣬һٿȻȥת˲նһϾ֦ʧ֦֮ʣץ˹д
һ߳ľֵķᣬΪļӲǷɱȣ֪ʲôôһĥﶫʱһԵ츣ɴ۾סǺ
֦ƾûˣһת츣Էæ˵Ǻǣʦֶͨɵгɰ츣ܲˡ
̸гɣһִ츣һǴɽԷ㵣˵˴ΪԪ˵ĵ֮ء
츣ҵæ³˵ɽ˼ͷ
һڴ˴󷨣ȱչؾ֮áɽڣһԪ˵ɴ˵£ֵԼʿݡֻǣʵһУһ𳾷˰ɣ
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489 Ը
ǿСءֵʯͷǰʦͽͣ˽Ų츣˵˵۽أǹ뼸λϲڡһͷɫ
ˮ̶ߣɽϣһ㡣紵ƽֺ֮⡣
Ԫʦ֮Ĺ֮Ĺ밲֮ĹԪ֮Ĺ
ʦӵĹǰһȥͺʦСһˡһͷڵϣþûˮ
ʮһһ̷̫ί˵̫ʹֻǿͣ˷ǹһС
츣󣬼ʦͷʶž䱯ݵģ˳ſڣȰοĻֻܰ̾һ
һһֱӣɫж˼ĪɡֳԪʦķͷ˼ͷתʱǻָ˳̬
ĺ«ڷǰһȦơһ밲ķǰĹҡҡͷû˵ʲôԪķǰʵԪǺʱģ
ɽŵʱʶУһԪĹĸź
Ԫʦִѹʮ꣬Ϊá츣ʦ˵
ʮ䣬˷ߣ֮ԭϵĲ̵̣ܽı߽һƬҡ̩ʵȻϰݣ˱ַȴսŰܡѣ͢бټһͬСҲ˵ΣּԪۣԪ˲ͷ
ڲԭϼʶĶɱָɲóԪ֪ǳ͢һʯ֮ƣȴΡ밲ˣΪǻʵ۴һıֻԪ۳һЮ˽ءѳ͢Ŀʵ
ãҪʧԪ۴ӳ͢еõٵĺôǵҪʱˣ
߽սʮ䣬ĽѪ̵ΣԻ⣬཭˳ˣԪһʹˡ
Ԫڹйʹú밲ԪĻʹȴʮʱȻǡ
ʦɫȻ츣һת˵ʦ֪ˣָỶϲɶ
һһʵʦã
ǺǣǴʦðߺĲ꣬ѰԪۣû۸ҡˣ߶ˡ츣˵
ΪڳˡֻҪû⣬츣ʱһΪ׿֤ʵػΪ֮ࡣ
´Ԫ۱˲٣ΩǰƬطʱӡ츣Թվţһ£ʵв֪ڡԷҸһϰҽЩ󣬱ӭعﰲᡭ
ƣһ϶صͷתУϥ̧ȡǰƽʣɡ
ʦѱԪ۵֮ǹԪʦҪͼһҶõġ츣һЦ
ʣһº͵Цˣ˵˴ΣһΪԪһ֮
ʦҪȥ츣ɫ͸ŲԸһ£˵һЩ飬˽źáһһʱգ˵
ʦһ󡭡츣һһϲ֮æԪ޶ֻ࣬ǰʦңʦȫ˵ţǹвӦ㲻ļơ
룬һʵǲڵۡδ˵꣬츣˿˵ʦģЩͽͽﶼˡ
ʦԶڸʦ츣ᣬֻǹڵ϶һ
ɡһ䣬츣òվ˺һ漴תȥΪŭسҹ
츣һЩ⶯Ŷధ˵Ը˭˴۾϶ʹܽ߸ʿŵæŲԶԶı㹪񣬿ڳƣݼʦݼʦ壡
˽Ϊʮߣ츣ǰƵģ಻ҳһ¡˲飬þֱţſǣʦڴˣߵݡ
츣ˣֿʧæתɫ˵ʦҲĵӣԪʦֵĵӣЩ֮ˣ˼ĪҪ֡
λһ͵ˣ츣˵䣬벻⣬˲ӡ
е˵Ԫ۵ʦɽˣϹԪӵɽǰӭѴ˶۵ߴﻹסڱչص౻ˣæһԱα
һλŻɫ۵ˣʮͷӣ磬ȴһĵ٣һֻӨ׵¸˩һƺ«ԵƮݶ˫ü絶⵭ԶɫдĪЦ⣬Ų֪ˡ
Ǻǣý֮˽ɣȴšһΪЦӦΪԪ۵мᣬλȨ֮ˣ°ݣĴǡ˵һأ
츣أЩ߻ǹԹԹֻǣͷǡʦ˵᣿
࣬˲ɣδʦķԸ𣿡츣ŭһһ뷢ٵæŤͷȥһһλߣɽǰλ÷ˡ
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һƿǰ׹֮£÷æ˫ֽӹлѣŸȥ
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490 ɣ
¶״ӣʹ츣е޹⡣ʮ갡ʦϣֻɵɵţԪӵˡ
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Ц£һ˵뿪Ԫʮ꣬˷ǣ⣬֮У˵ɣ
츣߸ȴǲң˵ʦƣҵ·𣬵һʱ֣̿ʧ֮ʦ𷣣ͦ˵ʱ˸
ʦ𷣣߽Կͷڵأ츣ɫźÿһЩһȴǽ۹ʦ顣
Ϊɽǰһ£ͽܽʦأһһ츣ҡҡͷһ˦䣬һ󾢷ƽض𣬶ʱλڿնֻ¡˾վٲҵæݵлʦ飡
˶һ֣Ԫ಻ضáԪЩ֧棬µһ۵ͷ
츣Ҽհɡһδ䣬츣¶Цݡ

츣飬һ˶ĲסʦͽЩҪ˵ȥ˼յĹһЩ壬зģ̺ģ֮õġ
й֮һûĥֻһֱæϾְˡɽƬɽ̶꣬ˮһ֮أʦǵڣǣҪΪһĽء
ʦһü˼һָܣһ´ŵεƣ츣һԲԣȴֺǺǵĲһӵı֡
˴ǴһΪʦĵطʮɵķԲæգʮٶʯڲһ־
ˡһ죬һƬʱʮ
츣ȻʧʦĪ󷨡
ǺǣСԶѡЦ˵һ䣬һָ츣ͷģ˵д󷨣ɱԪ
һСС󷨾ػټԪۣǽʿŶݼףʦµɼ󷨣츣֮ʱһ˵ƬǶ󷨵־ߣɿ󷨡պˣ
˫ֽӹ壬츣ЩŽɡʦͷʾ⣬ٿһ£ȥէȻ֮ƬٴλӶֱԭģ
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֡츣Сպ塣һڴ󷨣
һǴͱϵɽڣһСľ󣬲ڶ˿忪ļ򵥽ƣΪеĸֱչ֮áڷãڹĽ˵档
պһֱڽ߲ȥλϣյʦټæ㷵˼ǰҪ֮ʣȴλʦ˵ˡ
ģȽ޵֮ˣ񡣡һڲǰһ˵ԪԪʦ֣ȵʦǰҶұ㽫˻Ԫĵ˭վ
ݼмµϵʿ˫˫ǰһڳּ֮ʦ档
һ˵ͷ˵֣֮ΪԪһ¹ڣɣȴԸ֣أæǰߵݣ
ÿһѷһƿ̱ԪĵҩУÿһƬ壬ʦļ񡭡һÿ˵ǰԷл˴Ԫۣҵļȴˡ
ڳ˲һеĺ壬츣˼һȻ˵ӵ׷ҡ
ͽģȴе꺢ͯʱһִ֣ʹһϤ׽룬һ˵ͷ츣ϲɫת۾һɣλϷԸɽţʦȥҲǵľеƽУϵ׳ļƣʵʦҺʱ
Ǹ츣ѽһ΢΢ǣʾ֮⣡ָ̧ȥһȻ˵ǰǾһѹ⻪תķɽߴ͸ļµơ
һץ츣̤˷ɽһεضȥ洫ľУ˸ߺ
ѽʦ棡ʦĪ˶桭

һ츣Уˣδһ̣С껹ǳǰ
ǺǣҸʦϷһأ޺ӣ츣ûʲŵľţŷĿ⣡ָһɽ˵ʦˣ
ǰˣٿȻȥڵǴǰһһʿ
ţаʦˣԸ̾ţ츣عΪܵ˵ʦҿʦûһϲһɫۣƮƮŰѳɷǵģȴʧ˼յĳȣ˼ϲѽ顣ͷǰ·һں滺׺С
ǰǸСɽûˣ۴һƬׯԺ·ɽ룬߼䣬ܿȭŵˡ˼һعͷٴοһͺͺڣµĲɣ


491 
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츣Ʋ˵ģŭ֮£˲Ӧ츣ȴǲǰվȵʦã硢ʦˡһɤһɵ֮ڻϡ
ȴŵˣլԺǰмֵġмľȵĪǱλϵ˺ͿˣʵʦáǴġҡͷ̾²˰ż겻ϵඣ˵ˡ
СµԺӣǰСָҶڵͿҵլۡ츣ڸţһǱ˫̨£ǰһС
СѽȣɽΪɵׯԺ常ﲻˣˡоƬӰһȥеģеģԶȥ
첻Ϸߣָǰ£츣ǹ찡һɤԺ֮ŭ߳һλ׷Ůδ䣬ŭеɣľȣ˵ļơĻһλˣЦݡ
۸ʮ갡ҽʦű츣Цţһתó˵ɫΪĵ⡣Ůͷһѭȥɲǣʧֵ䣬أ
̨£ǸŻ۵ˣ˫־šĿ飬еЦ⡣ˣǳȡϤ˻ϤЦݣ⡭λã
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һůȫһŮվӡɤ˵ⲻΡǴˡ˵Ż̧ͷҪģˮȴֹסģ˫ۡ
һͷϲϸϸƣ˾̬üĿȴŵģ츣ı仯ҪСһЩ֮£һһϳԼӡˣǵǸŴ۾СѾͷǣɽҩҪɵĹ¡
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һЦˣˮδߣȴһ˵һطǴϲ¡˵ĸϵĖȣ
֮󣬴ƽ࣬ȴһֻץһһֻֻӶţϲ˵ҴڣҪʲôȣݼ游ˣ츣겻һΪˣǰʦҼ񣿡
츣ЦţǰΪʦãֲ޵˵ʦɽҶȥ
ʱǸŖȵӣǴĺˣһľϲæ¿ͷڳưݼ游ˡһЦŵͷʾⲻض񡣴ȴǺǺЦţһʾȥټָˣͷ˵츣Ϊʦűҷʦѵ㣡ඣʦҴ磡
츣ǰʮһͷ޼ɣ˴˼Ϊ
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λϣôһ˵һ˼ֲͬ΢΢һЦģǰڡߴһľκĸ߼ϣڷžµ·ש̵أ
һ̣һȺӿԺӣΪ׵ļ߽ׯء
⼸˵ǰ棬ǷǸÖȵӡ˵ƽЯּʮڣݼ游ˣ԰գ˹ߵݡԺŮʮˣԹ
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ݵǣǱϹϾģοЦЩǴĵϵһԵ츣Ӧ֪ԭί˵Ϊʦ󡭡
ԭʮʱŴ磬һѰԪۣһԸӡ츣ʢʱ򣬶ͻȻðʦøᣬ༥¿鷳ˣ
˶ǺǿӣһԲϾͶ֡书һ̵ְֽģϱ츣ôһꡣϣǰǸ߳һ֮㽫Էݺһ٣ֱԼʦõʵˣŰݡӴˣСԪ۱
ԪԪۺ󣬼ʱ䣬˼׳٣̫ƽھԼɵ˵İģ཭˵Ĵִ̣λֵͷ㴳˳Сּ֮ˮǴߣΪԺյڣڶͶʦߡ
ͶʦУһͿյˣҾʵȴ׺䡣ĽǰСʱ书ûɣȴϲŮ˴źסĵòӢ֮ΪֱˬӦŻ¡ִȴ᲻˫Զޣ֮£Ϳұ㻨ؽСΪ˰˼ҡ
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ʮִ֮ɷಡţָУΪտһˡ


492 
һ˺ˣôһӶһĺˣ츣ļһػƽŴǹһ
磡⣬ؼ֮ҵǣڽһֽ㡭ǰԹ֮⣬˵˫棬
ɣ˵һ䣬һԣתˣ˵һңתʮء߹أģƬҵļˣҸ᲻ȥ飡ңһ޵֮ˣעҪԶ볾עҪ¶עҪзײ˵źȴּȫТڣһĪһݣ
԰գȻһĺ֣һԺУǹһƬۺỨ˴磬츣ʦһӡ
һʱ֮䣬⣬һƬ꣬ϡһ˫֣˵Ϊּҵҵǧƽ

ΣָļˡæµһⲻС游̫òɣȴ̵һ仰Ҵˣ
ӷļϣ츣һ㣬ּҵĸﱲھƣʹһ˼ּģĸֱƽְ硢⣬ļ򵥺üǶֲ⡣ּҵƽ⣬ӦΪĸ˵Ը
߲ܣ֮ʱһץʮ̳ӣĸӵɴ۾̾游˵ֶ֮ʱȴһеСƱʿɫֱ󣬾ֻһںͣЦֹ

ָĺԺר侲ңΪһ츣סʦͽȴв
գִͽͽǰݼķңǸͿҵĺˣⲻҪߵ̵ˡһʱ֮䣬ָּ֡ҵļƽ״˵ôĻôľơ
һؼҵĵգָһ˱ִּãּ֮ҵĹ԰
ݵʱһǹһˡźߵݵʱͷյ˴δйο󱲣ʹּһ̣ͬһֻأεļڻѣĪ
æպɢȥ츣ʦĵҩڻȥ԰ֻ˵
յСּͬҲɵãĹ԰ɰػƣľʧءȵȵһУǳԵǸСѾͷ֣֮
ǰͷĴһ˵Щ꣬ˡ
ĬȻãȴ˵ôһ仰¶ѵõĽԹĪ˵ЩĻˡҴȥһֱۣСɽɽȥ
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˴ǵĵطݻƵҰںɪɪԶյĻߵɽ֮ϣڣţ֪ڸСɽ꣬Զ
ս㡭ָĹ˵սǲò˫ȫѽʱΪҪá
һķǰ꣬ĿһѩƵĹϣɫлһֵȻ
СһȾˣóһ̳Ӿơ顱¡ͷоƹȥѩƵķǰ³һھִһ˵ս㵱ʱ򡭡
꣬ѩѰСϸطʱһϲӵ龰һģһһŮ˻̫ͣƽھֵĳ򸾡˵Ůӹһ̫ƽʱеҵ̫ƽھ֣򸾼ź󣬶˵Խ令͵Сꡣ
һòɵĹŮӣӾһ·ģ֪δѩȴǸ֪ϸһο֮£ЯŮлһҺϲԴС
ִѩƵѧʶϲһӡദΪһԺýá
꣬ţѩɾסССȴִ⣬Ӽһ˵ӣʮ޼ա
һ峿ѩԼķк¶ԡ̬꣬ͬ˯һ㣬ȴ
ִ˵ս߷һտյľУ¹Ƭε壬ŵģһƬ壬мơ

һؼ֮һЩСׯԺǰɽС·ϣʱ֣ϤӰ
ᳶŸ֣һһ˵ɽı仯һСһȾƣУɽҰ䣬˵ЩļšɵĹ£˵ˣлᷨˣûˣδѰ
һ궬ٵʱ˴ѩһھﲻ಻ޣѧ˵ģŻ¯¾ơһԻ츣ƽֵ㡣˵΢Ц
һգɫѩأƮͣæ˼£˸һصԺľС츣ɽţʦ˵ɫڴʱһԺУһ𡪡
ҹã޾ƺ

СٴηʱˣΪһ츣ִ
ҹʱľˡ˵Ԫʢ˹֤һΪ£

ѩĶҹУԶԶɼ˶ǻ㡣ǰֻɽɽϣֳֻѱȼվʯһεΪ׳ۡԪڸͷüãƻͨ
ƮѩлȻĸӰеԪۡ˾ϲĿУһ˾ٲԴĳǰӭԽڵǰʯվ
λ츣ĴӳƮƮ⾼̬ϡͦأԪۼ俪ʼ


493 
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ĵҹһִ츣С꣬ľԴԺּҵĺ㣬ǴԺΪ˼ĽءߣΩͽӣżдľ
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һգУһ츣Ĳ֮ͬ
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ʦͽ˵ʱ򣬾ҵű˴򿪣ľˣ츣æݼʦá
вϯ̵أǼӻһľȻǽڷһ̳ӡ
츣ؾռʦıأľذڰ֣һϯض츣£ǺЦʦô˻Цݣֻ˵
ץľϵľƺΪԼһƣеתð뵵ľСһڣֹȴʧ⡣˵ʦΪҵǰˡأ֪黳ȣһֱҡ
ʦΪʦûߡ츣Уľʦһ޶Ĵڡ
ƳһЦЦһľߵֹҸߡһĻָʵΪβչ
ľϴȥ֮һΪҪչȥûգλɵĸֲ鲻Ըˣᡣ
ˣĵศҩ²Ҫ̱չسأҡˣ¶СŮ̬һ˸ۣľ˵֪Ԫ޶࣬ɣҲ˹أưǺȲˣ
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Զңųȴͨһѵõľһ˼˻˵Ԫ޼һµΪǿϧˣ漴ȻʵûԵʣ
˼ľȻ˵뵱ûеҩɹҽһֺη
ǽڣ˵ֱ׳ֲԼҵĵľһҡͷĿƬ֮˵ϵҩݲ٣ܴá
㻹ľϲ˵Ԫľǰɹأ˭һ˵֪١
޷ľץ˾ƺתʧ
һֱûȥרеļ޳֮ľįӣһЩΣ˵գԣԱ㡭ϺлɫĹâת˲ڶǰʧȥӰ
ʲôݷľֳĿɿڴ츣ԹʦѽôĵС

ʩչһֱʮɣһҺϥһӣǰһ¯뼸ʮҩݡ
ˮһ֮ڷֱ֮ʣԵ¯˵ҩ֣ҵĿⷿѹãŵأҩݡֻǣ¾㱸ȴǴδƹеļ֣ɹٹȵˣڶ
һ־һ͹ӵɫ¯һǰ¯˫гСȴŷĴ߶˿һ㣬ųҵĹâ
㲢ǰ裬ǶзԽľ֮ƣӳ¯˫Ϊˮо֮á
ָȥһٿû뵤¯ɫ¯⣬˵һǰڷŵĲҩǷ˿ЦֵֻĻᡭ

ʮչľ츣˵Żһӵð˳ϻһҩ
ҵרһ֪жѡҩ󣬲òٴǱĴĦˮˣ߲ʮգſһɫʵ˾ġ
뵱һʱеһҩʵЩľܲ࣬Ҫˡ֮˳ȥˡ
ĺ֮һЩƣ룬ЪϢ֮ʱδ¶ִˣСΣ顭


494 
һʦͽŴׯԺ⣬Ų쳣ʮ׳ֳֵأר˴űСĴڡּóˣæǰ񣬲еԭί
̱߽սƽϢû꣬»ʵǻñ̼ݶȥӶ֮лȨһƬңʹҰݡһпѾã־ʹñ߽ս𣬰ꡣ
СشⲻҪܵšִԵʣ˴ɽɷ磬ͿּҴŴԱżɢ´ܽҲݡɽЩ
һڵʱʮıʿѰƫƧĴ˴δ֮ʱ㱻һӵϴ˼µĶӡгŵ˻˵ƽկţҪµӡ˷ɽдȺ˳ûҪСꡣ
˵ŻͻȻӵű̧Ѫܵʬ˹һһŮˡ
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һȥϷ׵ģӱɱڼ·ߣŮˣǱȥˡ
˵Ǽ׳ĺӣﻹŸֵ߿һԻ˺Ϊҵ
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һٵСæжֳŶҡͷǱⵣԴӼű׷׻㼯ָǰĿյϡ
Сɽ˿ڲ٣ۼǰıа֮ࡣͿּҵԼЩʮϺʮ꣬ǴҴұִһʩ˸񣬱һɴ۾ȴź
ֱͦ͵ӣִ۹ӹˣתߵĴ硣ƵϣɫᶨüĿ͸һӢʹ˲䵱ķɡͷһ˵ͷ
Сĸǣҵ˹˹ཫ˹ڰ֮أ׸Ϣ֮أҵ֮أҵԵͬ飬֮ʣսּҡͿҺᡢηߣ԰
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ȡҵĽִδ䣬һѳϡһʣ˸ߵһ޺˵ҿɱС
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СоյĶȹһ٣Ϊּ֮Уɱǧ֮⣬Ǿ˵ֶΡǣָǰ˶ߵߡԸ˱ӻӣ
һƽȰ裬ȴЧ΢һǲܴ˴һĳ飬ͼƽ
״֮µһֻ֮֮˭룬ִ˵ͷǵ˷׷ͶߣҪڻգΪ١СԭգѳʱҪּ
£ⲻʹ䷳һɫһת߿½ĸȥӦֻǸΣʵùʡ
ӿС꣬ʹԭɽ壬


495 ľ
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СĵطС˲סǽǰĵԼӱ仯ؾƲ󷨣У
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һٴֳεʱִ츣ӿ˹ʾ԰ָ꣬ǰʯϣ˵𣬸ҸŮ׽ԶЩҵķԸȥ
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ЩԸ֪룬һЦŰοֵתůֲ֮ʱҿʩΪº˵
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һæͣԶ޴ɽʯǬװ˰˹СɽڷˣĴͷĶڴʯ壬󷨡ˣǴˮ°ȴȪۣ÷ɽʹˮͨ
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Сɽϣԭͺͺɽͷ϶ʮôʹµڣ֮⡣ѰʱһϥڵϣŽһ鱻ʯ̼ʮСһµ塣
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496 ԰
һŴƽϿաƶ¸ɼյıСд̵رפءתȥ紦ͬ˵ıھۼɽҰǳսһС꽫⡣
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תۼ䣬ĶѩڣظգЩֲĴСľѿСĴˣѾõսڴ
һգһӵгһѳ˵һѷ츣˽ݹȥ˵˽ǱȷǷڽǶмӦʩչأ֮д߶һݷһʮԶѾȵóֽ˵
츣ӹϸϸꡣߣѩĽɢļµĺ⣬ϷСһġ߶֮£϶ʱнâ²ϲ˽֪֣
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ʮԶʿӿ˹ɽҰŵǹӰ̵ıʿƽأ׵СӲ˫ۡܵɽͷּӵֵأܻׯӱš
һŴɽ⣬ڸ߿մһ־Ǵ嶫ͷߵʱˡ
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һؼҺĵ꣬ȥˣʮꡣ԰е¸صˣյһƻ裬ŴֺЦȥ˵㻹ҵĴ磡
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˷ŵĽƣǼֻɽִǰСһ̧ͷֵǿָ磬ƬҶ¡ָӡȴǣܵҶ׹Ϊ֮һȴڿҡڲ
ֻǣҶ뿪֦ͷѰѲ˵ˣ
ʱɽµָ˳ڴлʲô
һ׿츣ȥָǰֳʱƽϲҳҵϱʮ£ֵ֮ȴǻ˹ȥн޲ߣѰ游ӡ


497 
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ͻ״žֻâзϸѨֺʧһɢȥ
䣬ͻȻӤ˴ϲһҪ̧ȥ֮ʱƽѴӳϲнӹ٣游
ǡڴʱһɫһ̧ͷɽȻһ̾ȥȴתϲЦнӹ٣޵ӤཱུСΪϲأŵͬҪ˵Щʲô漴˯ģ
ҵᱧӤһһ۶ȻȻɫУº͵Ц⡣
ߵĵϲƽǺЦĸƽΪ游˵ıӡ˼ҴǺӵĸԵ
£һӽŵ˵Ϊԡδ䣬ǰʧȥӰһæµл游

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һоĵģʲôδʲô඼δı䣻Ψӿķ磬ϢȻԶȥ
һԶתֻܡ̾ϢУĬȻ
츣ˣһγû뿪ʦʦͽһ̣
츣ˣȥһʱӤ޽һ̡ƲԹ޶ȴмѭ䣬ģֻһֻأһ㣡
֮Ȼ֮ȻУĪ˼־
֮УһͷĪĸж˫֣죬޷ԶƮһ˿ص鶯ڲ֪ǣڵУ鵤ϵ˺۾ڻʧĽâ˸š
һ˲䣬һͷһƬѵĽ𵤣˸ļ
ע԰֮һ̧°ͣ⵭Զ츣Լһͬ⳾ȥʱˣ

һ츣˶䰲ɽƬɽϡɥ¹ڲУǰԪ۵λ˵
츣»ɴӵΣ
Խ˫ϥأǡһ˵Ҵ츣ıǹͬ⿪չɽ壬㽫ഫȥԷ˫ֹӹ˳塣
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ΪЩʮƬ壬ԪھԪ֮⣬һǬɹղأһʯ֮һһȥ
˵ʦɽȥˡ˵Ԫ۵ʱѹȥ˶աʦֵ۴µʱ¬ûǰȥ֣ǶԶһԡӻһƿƲסͷܡ
һգ¬ڿһƿƮĻڶӹıˣġɤΪϤѽλ֣ʦ˲࣬еĸͷץǸƿңݡ
һַС꣬԰
Ϊ塢ҩõĶһרΪƽһѳһƣ治С̣һ滹˸֡֡ͬһǬԴԵˣ
Ϊּҵĺ˽˼һڰ֣ʩʩȻָ߳
һյĻƻ裬ּҵĹ԰а׶ľߵ常ӴķǰĬһ֮󣬲ķǰ˫ϥؿ˼ͷþ÷ز𡭡
뿪Ĺ԰һһ㣬һ˫ĬĬţšֻǣû飬ĽŲĻ
ɽɽ֮ϣڣǰĹʩһһתȥж֧
бɫɽϣΪĬĬ¼ŵķڣ˲ɫʣ
Ħеδߣһֽ£̣ƣ쳾Σӣֺ
ﻯһӨֶȥû˷СһԽ԰ϿգٿȻԶȥ
һɽҹͣ٣ֱһߵɽ塣һɽʯǰΣ˵
ҹɫΪƣҪԶСһΪȻ񣿡
ŻһϤӰ˶ڣľһЦ̣ﻹżԵõɫ
һ˵ͷľ߽ɽطǶżөʯΪˬ࣬չصһڡ
ΪҪڱչкľԪ˭ʹҿǺǣʱδȹһΪȥѰ㣬˭ϣ㾹ľóһһ£дһϲ
ϴһ֮ѹȥ˾ꡣľǰˣյԳɹòиֲ׵ϣʹɽΪ֮˲١
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һϽ«ҡҡͷ˵ҵΪԸһЩգľȻ˱ã̹˲٣Ǻǣ
˿ھƣһȻ漴ݸ
˵һЩϵ飬ѯ˱˴˵ĽľʲôȴȻ̸Цһҹܿȥٵʱɫֳ˼įԷɫɡ
еģľʵԷĬϣ̾һҹˣ˵һ޵ĻⲻǴʲôأһ𣬲֪ʱꡭ
£һ˵㲻ٻشģ
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˵Żľڣų£һ˿Ȼɢһ֮˳ȥֻǧԣԶɽУϼεɾһ㣬ʹĿ
ԶɽľЦ˼羰ãβɣ͸ѣв޳Ȼ֮⡣
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˰֣һʾԼиж˵Ǳ˵Ļˡ̧óǬ˵ΪʯڵĹص򣬻һɽ
ؽӹǬľֵݻһӣ˵Ҵµǧ̳ϾƣˡѧһģǣһƳֵĪ;֪
һץǬԷ˸ƵЦݣ°ڣҡȥԶԶʵЦ
һ̳ƣ

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ڣѿգϵөʯɢĵĹâ紵ƿĶţأ԰ԶŵһС
һֱɣûͣƬԭʱֻսɱҰѪź졭
Խ½أ󺣣ѭŵ꺣ߵķһǰȥպ󣬵ϳǸϤĺʱһͷȥǵõǬǸߵ
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˵Խ󷨶˲٣ȴδù󣬸󷨡һֻʯͷɻһԡǧǰ飬˭ܼƽϵأ
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һºߵ֮ϣͻȻ׵ľһ磬ľԭƽ˾ĺϣκ˶
ϵ߳ͬش٣׷׾ߣ߾˲ӿĺˮУֻΪԶǷ֮ء
ȥ˰ʱЪںϷл㼯һ̣У䣬ϴƬһʱ֮һ߲ʳ纣
ʱϵǸɽڣĿеһ᳤£ǡ仺۾âٿȻ漴
һУѵĽӨ׵ĵ壬ѱɫģڻתɢǿǵĽƣҵѵȻ޴棬𵤱˴లתķͬһһң˴໥䣬һǣơ
ϴ鵤񣬹ȥ˽ʮ꣬յýɽ𵤣һͷ˿ַȥºһʯмٴβ¾Ҫ𵤴ĸΪ̣ܽķˡ
֮󣬵ϵĽɫŨЩ˽С֮סеһδչأõĽһϸϸĽ⣬ʶֱֱ֮СȣСĽͬؼһ㣬ڵڻš
һδȴü¶ϲɫ״Σ˽֮䣬ǣϤĬһſ³һ⡣ֻԽٿȻɳȻߴСǿʢֹϵɱɲǼ䱬ĿĽɫâ޴ɽʹļΣ
̧һУɵϡһŽӶһĽХȥ漴ǡ䡱һ죬ԶʯϳһĽۣ²ʮ֮
Ȼ֮УһеĽϸϸ߳Ľ֮ϣĿĹ⻪תĽâơֻ֣ĺȴ˵ϡ
СӣƵѹ򰡣
϶ֽɤԳѾõ仰оǲм볰


499 
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˶һ¶һ˿Цʵ㻹Ǽڽڣ
ϻΪʲôطĻٴ𣬲һ뵱ȻΪŵ˵𽣹ˣֻܴĽպŶա
һæӽ𵤡ֻĵ룬һϸӰǷǸ۵ߣϥϡȴڴʱ۾һɣָСӣʲôÿģǽƽɼ֮㣿
ԼĽ𵤣һ㡣һֻջʶ޵ƲƲ졣⣬𵤾ͽ𵤣ǸƵġɲһİԵ
䣬һɴ಻˵ˡϽһѻص˽Сʱٴе
죬˱֮ȴ쳣дһвڳΪһķˣ಻ù˼鵤ơ뿪ʮһ̣Լ˽𵤣νǹûȻյԵɡ
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⡭Ϊأһ䣬Ȼ˴ǻߣǡԵʣȻһʿֻһĻ˵أءˣ
ǣһЦл󣡡Է֮һߡû˶
֮£һȻǿӿһ̣ͬ棬ͷ𣬾ȻһĽɫӰһɡؿڵƬʩĶ̼䲼ȫ˫ա
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ƾ̧֮䣬޾ӿ֡һӶȭͷһԶʯڷȥ
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Ϊǻ˭ϰδһԲᣬ̶ˮϴӣ֮˵ˡ
ƨɺÿ㣡
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һе棬ʲôʱɻ󲻽⡣˳·ˣʹ˲ܲٴ
һʶ뺣׵˲䣬ͻȻһߴٵѰ˴ȥȥ
˴㲻֪һʵıԹϻ㵱Ҳ˯ȥѽ
һ΢̣ȴڿδʵΪҪȥδ䣬СӣûǧѰĺö˵Ժһ²ȥҡСӣְ
һתһȴʲŵŭ
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ģˡһǺ˶ˣĻȴǴ޾ĲɣŨص˸УʹһΪ֮ݡʮɷԲĺ棬һĿȻ
ʮɵĺ棬ŵģһ߰ɳڻɢ˵ƣ


500 Ϊ
һɴ֡ɳĹǺӨ˶ͷڵ䣬ŭ죬أԴŲˣļ£ʹ˶ݣɢʹЩд
ֻһ˵ƣǿ󣡿˰ӲĴڣǱ˭ڴˣ
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Ҫ˼ˣû˵ģϵĺͿ̫ˣ׶أ¼䣬õһݻԵɣ֪һ˼ţ˼ֵǼĸп
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Ƣһ֪ǽʲԺ
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ݵͷĵѨУЩ˻ڣһδȥšȻ˴Ǹ֮һطһˡ

ȥǧ֮һƬϣС컷Уһĺ֮ϣɽƣɽݺᣬ羰˴ǻػصռҵڡ
һɽׯ԰羰ˣһ侫棬һٵϯضų룬̬ϣվļ˵
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⡭ôˣȻ˿͸ΪɢƷͬСɣʿϡĪǣǽʿɣ
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ұɱŵˣѰԱ㡭һ˵Żޱ顣ռ˾㵲ѡ˴֮ص˼תǰһС˵ռҰؼ޵ǰ̧֣֮¸м
ҡҡͷһ˵ʮǰռӵɱˣ׷ǶҵС
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üͷһʵҼȻĳˣΪβѰұ𣿡
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СĽص¼ˣһֵĻԾȤɫͣ嶸ת˵գȥ±ȥˡĵ֪ƾʿڴĵļվȽŸǲװ
ľΣǱռˣص˵ĶԻѱһһ־ܲΪȻ
Ĵһ֮δԶС˭ɻ˻ϡȻʱµԵʣеΪǣδزǻĸԴ


501 
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ˮȻˣھеϣһϽ«ռֵ߿࣡
һԼȴص½еĸˡռҼҪشģôһΪ֮·;ƽ̹ࡣǶԷתȥܴеõָ㣬಻ʧΪջڵܱɱһ£Ǳտڲ̸Ϊã˼ҷ鷳ģתβ˳ƶΪأ
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޶ܵ裬λǲĩˣ˫˺ƤֻΪһʿĶ֣ⲻ˱ʹŹһ١⻹ǶԷͬϣȻĻֻС
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Ǵˣԭλǰһг𰡣ҪɱռҵļǴ˳ȥ˵ռҹɱԼˣֻԺͬڴ㰡ϼɽĽҪ֮Ǹռҵļϣ
ֵܶ˻˸֮ͷĿȣ˫˫ܷشģռµǰ
һΪǸ˵ģֻĻǲʱ˵𡪡
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벻һԸ֮ʱָп˵˰ˡǸɻʵݣš
ڸɻ£ĪҲڰռңһʶڵȴ֡ЦװģСӣǷĹ򶼱󡭡
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ǽʿҲѵصּӶ¶ЦݡһԵ͵ռӣ

һԲ֮ҹһ˵Сϣһϥ󺣡»֮£ϵϢỺһȥԹƬƬ׶أ
˴ǵˮ³ǸǸ˵һطٴ˴ʱһԡѰŵһµѮڴ˴գԲ֮ҹ
˴ˣۿٽʱһûһ˵
ʶгһɤֲǻƿС㣡ط̾Ϣһֹ
ļԲãÿÿ˵һĻʹ˸е˷롣ξԼȴΡΪˣһֻദս⿪ͷɻ
˵ˣ˭أһ˵һ䣬վĿ𣺡ĳ˯֪꣬ʲôοƵ۵ȥһСʿѣ̫ˣΡޣһ㲻ɣ
ҰᵤΪӦ̫ɣһĲޣЦСӣǽѧ·ɸƵƨѽ
ĪΪҲܻ񣿡һһЦܻ㡭
£ʲôһơԷȴֹЦСܻұѰΣ˵˵Щֺηֻ𣿡
ãһΪһڴδֺĳɡЦһͣأ˵һж


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Ǽ޶ˮ³ǡɻᱱȥөС
ڽֿڵǸʯ£ܣһɵľ̶˳ʵ֪ĺ壿
Ƿ˿ڿഫ˼仰ˣˣˣѶ𡭡
ΪԼʻǣ˭ƢĪתһ仹ǴǹеԵʹһΡ
˾ɸߵķӣ»ѭжµ¹⻥ǣţ졣룬һٴȥḲʯϡ֮ǱǣȴδǾš
ʯ̺İʹһѡɾе£ȴ⣬йָдһ޴֪еĲͬ
֪ˮ³ǵ𣿡ջصƣһϸϸʯʵ
಻֪һȴѲ²⣡ĻɣζŨһĵʱ̾һ˵˵棡׵ʱ򡣡
һƲ죬˵˴ãͽ˸аˣ罫ȥ۵ʯͷǶɾ˵ѵ֮ﰡ
Щ񲻿ϧһŵҡҡͷһ˵ڵ¹һӣ˴䣡ûʶ
˵ˣⲻǸܻڣźã㻹Դ㵽ʲôʱΩն·ŲòȥðʸȥնȥƴȻ㻹뻯㻯ƨ
һĬȻͷ˵˽ɣ볤ϣŲϼ¶ƺӣɼ˴Ը
һҡͷغߵѲѲֻصˣھ֮ϣƾʲô˵û˴Ը
һʱĻͷһ˼ʱ򣬶Էһת˵Щ֮ǰȥɵĸߣȥɨ·ϵһϰʹԼøΪǿ󡭡ʱ˵ʲôˣ
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ʶŭȣǰǿһԺδΪܻ֮֮Ĳֻ֣ٲǰҪɾֻ롣᣿׾һĴڡ
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أţһȴһʯΪ֮𶯡ʱˮ³ǾҡΣͷϵľ༱Ťš
Ȼ֣һҵ⻯߽𽣱УݺݻӶһ⼱ȥűǡһǵľ죬ǰ˾ɸߵʯ͵һѸѷ죬ۿűҪ
һǣֵ֮ܵĽ٣ˮ³ǱĹâ֣ļµƣ֮ٲȻѵ龰㲻ȵһֻһģ֮㼤ȥûǸŤľʱһץʯڽıУҫâ֮ת˲Ӱ
һɳһ߸¿յУΡ
ֻһʮɴСľȻʧʮ﷽Բĺ汻״ںкһǰȥһ麣棬ڹسƬ̺ͻȻľ˺Хͬյͷšͷ£صĺУ顱þںϻ첻
Сӡô˵ֱ㶯֣Թһֵ˵Σ˵ˣ
һûӦϵ岢޴󰭣תȥ
˵󷨲δһⲻһκˮķˡڣûǸ»ˮ³ǡһ֮УΪĵطۡȥʯڶػȥ󷨵֧Ų¡ʹɵԭɲˣ˵ģδû뽫˴֮ͷ
˵ĲѲصֻصˣھ֮أ
ҹ£һɫǣҷŵĹâԶȥ

뿪ʮ֮һص˴ġ
ٴλصĪ֮أһδݻòǸ֪Ͻ«ö֮ع䡣һĻ۲Ⱦٲ绹ʮǰģȴͦΡǵһϣǳǳϹżĪЦ⣻Ωеü˫Уŵģ׽Ȼ
ʱϼļΪĺɫ֣ϡٵĽֵϣһӰǰȥ̬ݣϲٲȻǸй·ˡҪȥĵط
ҺԺһ侲жǼеλϣһ˵崫˵ռҵļڼǰɱ¾һ֪ʱΡ
һ˵ռΪڲǰͻƣڵΪԳʱ޻֮ĪǶǽʿɣ
ҼˣӲȥ׵һǰռϳɳ֮ˣ˵Ļأòǡ˵ʹüλ뵽ʲôͷһԼͬ˳Ĭ


503 Ѱ
Եñȹȥ˼֣ƤޱضšΪʮǰﵽڵΪвͬյơɴʱͷȴЩ
⼸λϵ˼ǣһΪ˼ĳԶΪİΣҪһ۾ַ̬֣˵޳κΣĺɽڷֱŵֻ˹иʤͷ갡һжģҵָԴŪˣ˰
˻˵ռɱȲ²ΪôģʵȻΪϼɽӣĵַͷβȥμɽڼĵĴʱδػ̫ƽϡȻһ֤ʶɱռˣ
˲ĵʵĻһ棿ɱռˣ˭أ¼˷׷׵ͷʾǵڡ
ߣ뵱֮£ַһ˸Ļͥɻľұֻҵȼ֮ķǷֱ˵οľҵĺֻΪΪǡɱռˡ
˴ɫһ䣬תҲϴǺõߣȻֱ׳⣬˲ʵΪҪﴫǡ
ﴫ亱УһʹڳļλΪ⡣ﾫ˸ЦɽǲֻҪұһ첻˵ԺᷢʲôսָԪҼʾ֮ʱʵۺֺβͶأ
λϻЩ¶Ѵ߳ӣ˵ֻ̤ߣ˲ݣֻ̤ߣǹԵΪҲҽԻϤһص˴ģֽΣн¸ܻ֮Сӣָδңҳϼ뽫;
ͷһɨգ첽ȥļλϻȻϲ޼ʱıԶԣͬʱԺΣæһ˳

ǸߴԺ⣬һƬĿյءǰĵЩ塣
ŵʿδһĬȻڵʲôˡ
Ƭ̹󣬼ӰɳԺǽת۱㽫һΧ˵䣬漴ǰһٴδһЦ𡪡
Ǻǣû뵽㻹ûģδ䡭
Цɥ֮ӿͷŭŽѰ㲻ãգҵҪкα߳ҳϼ룡
һĻǸƺ«Լʹ˵ҲϤʿӺʹĿⲻǸԼµһ˭ΪڣǵΪ֮͸ԽǺǣҽҪСӡ
ϲ飬һǣЦ¡ϾسŶԷ°ͣ˵㲻ңΪֻˣ
һڵСӰˣΧ֮оɫ䣬թǹ򶨡ʶϼܲ鿴һ̧гȣǴһ˿ʵ㲻Ѱұİɣ˭⺬гĻｫ䣬Էȴͷ˵ȻҲ
ɫһ漴ɴ۾ִЦ֪ĶѰ㱨𲻵ã㾹ײ˵˴ԲѵĻҿôʰ㣡ֱһӣȾλҵĳͬʱ˷ɽһ·
ϵѻرܣֻмҵӣſͷԣҪ֡ʶԺǰĿյأΪɱĺõطҵˣڶˣ˿һ
ȵһɲǣԭ˫ֵһԭʧȥΡԷæɽҷΨûѡ˭ʧٵӰٴγֵʱѵһλڵʿԣлһĳ
һҪʩչֶԱʱ˹ȥһƬƱݺ£͵Ϯ֮˱¡Ȼ䣬ͷĪһ£ȴСͷ˻ſһ⡪
֮£ʧʲôΪǽ⾹һ߳Ľ𽣣޴Ӷܵķ֮ƣڼ䲻ݻ֮ʣˣһؿڣһѪ졣

ҺУα˵ѵзɽѸͣ顱һˤڵأȥ͵ѳֲסַ˳ȥǿҪȴġſؿðѪĿƲסʹѣϮͣѪȾ˳룬ֽ͸ۣȴأǸҵĳˡǽΪôܣ
һеһδˣλҳϵľУٴεͷ˹ȥһΪ֮󣬻Ȼʮâ˲佫ɱƬյ
ΪΧһڵʿֵ顣һлˣת·Ȼǽʿɣ֮Ķ֣
֮£λҳ̤𽣺磬Էͷѣ˭Ͻ˸УɱɭȻĽâӭʹ⼸ڰתȦӣһʱȥ
תۼ䣬һ˫ֳȥѪĽУһҳϺʬת˲һ˵еâɨȥʬ״Ѫ¡
ͬͷľ壬æ֮ʣѵнơҺУҳϱâ͸˼ƬѪ⡣
״еһһ٣Ʈһҳϣʮâʱ㱻˺ƬƬ⡣
ҳϵʬӶˤ䣬ͨͨУһ˫ءǶϱ۲֫ưѪʹԭǰѪ


504 ҶҼ
ʱǼֵӵûӰǰĿյϣѪ֮⣬ӵĳˡֻǣ֧ӵʧһ㣬˱ڵϣҲһɫĮȻǰⲽʮٿȻɢȥֻһС
㵱ɱҵʱ򣬿뵽нգԷһԶͣһڡ
۽ǳ鴤ţѪɫ͸˿ڴһʵأǲŹˡԷɫȻɱⲻЩ߷˵ߣ㵱ȻŹңֻϧûɱ㡭
һޱ飬еĳ
ߺ޽ӵûյϣͬһǵĩ·֮ˡԹ飬˵˭뵽һСܳΪպĽǰأʱ˲ðˣֲñˣʹȻԽپɱˣй˽ߣ಻õ⣡ѽϼһ£ںɽڡšǺǣΪѰ䣬Ϊ嶼ﴫ벻óһɱҶӣɱˣѲġ
͸ɱ֮ĸţ˼ѪĿ⡣һе˵㲻ɽ𵤣ͬɱ㡣ʱ˲ãţɼɱ٣Լҡ׶Ӧã
ָᵯ½棬һҹһ˵ҵμ֪Σǲɡ㲻ڼʹ棬ȴǴֺãã
ߣ㶮ƨﾺ棡ĪҪһʱ񡭡һɫڻصһ仰ѭűˬе俴ŶԷ˵֪ѽҶרΪѪ
ɫһؿڼţɫڣһѪ˳ǵɫĹ⻪Ũصĺ⻯һ˿ŭ˻
Ů
Ѳ֧ŵŭĿԲδֹѱһץԶȡһɹ㱻Բˣݺݳųȥ
Էһͫ΢²˷һŹ⻪ת˫ֽգӭͷ˹ȥ
ﬡһ죬֮󣬴ؼӲȣԾеһͬءǿƼȥѪɽʬףʮɲˤڵء
ĳǣƵƽһǰɫĽϣһĨѪ죬ҹɫУ˵Ŀ

һ绮ҹնȥ֮󣬱ʮ
ŮһУλʿȵһǰĲҾʱǸ곤Ůֻüͷ²鿴βסѪأŮ޵ɫЩ԰סǸ࿡ʵɫֲ޹еߵŮ徲˵ɱԣ㺨죡ⶨһΪΪľұ˳Ƿһ鰡
ģȻڵʾԼ޷˵һ֮նɱҵʿвڵʵ󡣼ǵڵΪ
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£ɤº˵һãȰ˵طɽţ۹Ƴӣ¶Ц⣬˵ȥɣҽʵ
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һĳϼɽĳϼ룬ɱҵʿŲػص˴һ£ĶѸڸʮǰ£֮˵ңԶ
ǺĶһСţڱһഫĹɽţšɽڷͥĽաϲɼţɼҵرνһԵһˡ˭ܴϵõôɵƮ죬ָտɴ
һĵٴ˲˶Щ֪಻ȥʲôԼ顣

ҶҼǳ濤ΪѰһ䣬һᴩмʮ˼ңԶǸߵɽ֡
һߡࡱʻһڵԣǰ¡Ӧһٵ˲١ȥϵ֮ǸѰĵˣߴ˼䣬ҲС
ǰĴڴ·ߴ˼ӣ˰̯ЩˮʳǰȥЪŵģһ߽һӵӡһת˳жӡ
Ϊɽ桱ҧȥɿڡ߱߳ţһѭŴڵĲ·ȥ
ǵҶ˵ҶҼϼڣΪҶȪǸӵˣȴû˵֡һֻȥһߣȥһ


505 
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һСű߹ȮһŻʣµһӵ˹ȥСһﻶϲһǰСͷһ£ɹͷϺ̸˼βһƬԫϱǰ
ʧ޶ӣѳƬ棬ҰݴԻŴ˴ģһСԺӡһɫĸǡôԺ˳Ȼһİĵ˿ŵһ£žһһʧˤƬ
ѽһ⸾Ҫȥʰ裬ֲԼǰֹʧ룬һʱ֪Ǻáȴ˹æҪתر֮ʱԷ˿ڡ
λɩ֪ûҶȪˣ
һ仰һͣ˽ŲӴͷϺе֪ҶҼסǽΪҶգҪѰһٶǰˣʵסƩ磬βһǾ˻ģ˭޴֪
ҶǼеĶӣ˫޵δ飬ɲǾ˻˼һβǾŵĸʱⲻ˻Ҫһ䡣ҶȪ岮ֵڴҶҵأ
жʮӣЩʻԺţæһȴãȻҡҡͷ
εЦЦһ֣ʾдţתȥǸȴ˵Ҽ˵ھӱΪҶգȴûϣúõӲų˷档УҶҼΪǰ塣Ϊ塭
ҶҼǰ壬Ҷվۼ֮ءڵϺδʹ˽Լߴ˵طһлֺʵ˵˼ΪҶգ֪Ҵڷþʹֽһ
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ǰ񣬸԰ǷǷӣ˵ˣҼֲˡ
⸾ͷ࣬ȴǴ˳ӦΡɼһ˳ʧͻ֮ˡһڰοҴ¶պ󣬹ٸԻתʹһԲ
еԣ̾˿˵Ҽ˶غʵȴٸǿг׮Уǻزˣ
Ŷһ£ֵ˵
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ӳú׳ȴǲʶ֣۶ֱۼŪΪڹ״ϻѺԻؼҡ˭ϣٸʹ϶׹鰸ΡŮˣһ˵¸ˣ಻ȥѰٸۣھ֮ûţֻöԱؼңԸԼƽ
ְοǸ˼䣬һȥ·ģҶҼǰ塣Ѱ˼λߣҶյףһ֧Ҷպ棬ѰҶȪҶ֡Ҷҵڣ֪
׿ڴӦҶҪɶؼңȴܽԼĵһһеԼиСһ׮Ƽе飬Ҫʵȴķۡ
ˣأɣܣȥεӡ
ֻнҶ򸾵źɽ֮ˡţڲԶʱһתѭ﹡¢䴩С֮⣬һʮɸߵɽ
ֵʱ֣¢һƬݻƣ۴Բżһֻ򶬵⡱ڲݴԼʧԶҰС߼һŲĿͶٵǳװξӦΪ˼УΪ档˲ģǰ泵һߡ
ů͵ĳĿģһԻ׵Ůֱů¯УֹڣźܵǮ˼ҳеļƣٵ֮ϣ˰εҲѰһﻹһ˿Ȼ
ߵװǸֵģȴǸʿȥϵȴһķۡһʿؼڷ׼䣬ʲôáΪ⻹һڵʿ⣬òȥİ˵һλˡһüͷȴɫԵЩ
ŵУһλˣΪǮ˵Ĵ磬ͬŮźšʿϵޣ伣ķǰǸһޡ˵ϴеϢ
βȥʮ⣬һسǡһջĿ⣬üͷǳǰȥһɺԵĹʱʧȥӰ
һͨСسǣΪءҾɶͰĳǽڣǧ˼ңиɫĵ̣ȻйٸΡ
õĺһԺӣҰ࣬ǺĶĪ˴ǼصĴڡԺ˵ѺһӣΪΡЩηķΪ۴ֵդɣ²˾ǽ깣βס뺮䣬һɪɪ
ƻ裬ﵽ÷ʱ򣬼յĺӣüĿ˽̧һðľͰĴĸֵߺһɤӣԺܵդУȲһֻֻ֣ػӶš
ڣѺͽĺӣͷӡһ󺮷Ϯһš
һˣֽеһԣư죬ŸɱĶƤϡˮֻһ룬ˮףⲻĶү𣡹յģ̇ͷ¶һŴе̶żɫŶһ֣˵յӣүأ
ӣȴһĻҹѪĥӡֽŴִԭŽ׳ǣʱȴԵú
Сĺϡӣæֱۻסе衣۾˵һء
ǽһˣɰͰ͵ӣɺͷϵˮ˼Ц֮ˣη֮ʹΪʳʵΪҲ
ײģһĶǷ᲻ǡǵ̺һһµϵأ˵֮˱Ǻݺݵ˹ȥַ½Ŷ䣬űмĺ쳹Ρ
ϡɱͯɱԽ


506 
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ϣһ׶ĲŭûͷأϹʲô
Žסͷ⣬ŵһ£æԴ
ˡˡˡһҵĽŲԺȻеĲۣΪһĺ⣬žһڣϹأһʮ
ε򿪣ƻĲֳֹ˽ȥ汧Դ˱ȥ
ﰡѽڣŵĿңб֮ʹľͯҧҺţǿŹʹࡣ
ȥ󣬻ѪˣڵϵѲأԵţŰ
յײģ˹ӣ㲻һᣡͯߺţˡŻһıˮԵõ˵ʿɱ裡ɹС񣬴֮ڣǶȲç֮˿ԴȰٺ٣Цıȿ޻ѿͬȣ
ͯҧгݵغߵһĳ죬˷ƨǿ޵ʲôƨڣʵһӻˮģͣͬܵ˵ǰҲŰᣬҲԩ
ģ˭ԩһӻûͯſڽ˻ȥ
һ׼һһˣһˣĨ˰ˮƳһѵܣͷĪĿƨϵİˣʹ̲ס˿ȴЦӲǽЩɽȴѲֵĲۺôϡͿץ¶ǩ˹״ųһԩޱȴԼˣݺҲԩ
գۣһ㣬ŲмҡҡͷȴֳŪ˿ָͯɱ˷ŻѾõĴˣԵɱͷԩԩ֮ˣĳ˰
ǣԼңɵʧ˷磬ת̾ҲǺ˻ûǮƾʲôһ˴أس˼׮ε޴Ӳ便ξ˱ҵȶҲֻǵ㽫ֵؾΩ·һˣԩѽҼлĸá
ʱҹɫ٣ŨءԺһ𣬽յͨչȥȡůεǰû˿ءߵģʹͯķͷƳһ⣬ɢͷ£һ˿⡣
ײģ𶯲ĨġǽиӹţҲȥǸطңֻû£Ըʶ䡣οϷŪǸ¥Ůӣξ˵Ľʰʰ˭ϸ㵹ùأӵĻʶȤһЩδûл·
ͯĻָ࣬δ˵꣬ɴ˲˯һǳ˺
ײġͯ͵ţšӸƣʵǸǵĶˣϵһ㸣աͯȻǸڻţǸɱ˷Ż޶ǿˣԶ˴ܣ䱾˶Դ˻벻⡣
ͯʲһϯԵʣѲ۾ֱգ͡أڷ㶣Ų˹ȥûһС˵ӣ˯š
̾˿˵һڼңô
һͬ˼գ˴˼״֪¶һ˿飬ЦӹĽʵԵγɼûãǲԵʣ˭Ӳ⻰۾һɣ˵˵أ
ԷȤεط˰ۣæ֪ûǮȢޣȴɼ˵˵лҲ֪ҹѰͷĥһʣˣҵһԸ㡭
̾Ϣûж֮󣬲ŴӳƵɤٷ¯ҵΣֻԼˡ
ŰҡҡͷûӦѲݵƲסĺϮɪɪ֮Уתӣɫдһ˿ĪΡ

շҹѰĳ⣬صһׯԺڣȴ̿ů紺
Ǹһߣʮģеȣȴıڳ˵ȡֻŮźüĿչɫ͸㡣һλŹٷİӣĵЦݣٱ֮ЦǺǣС檹겻ɳĵҩȴڴ¼ϲˣ·ɳĵҩǿ죬ơ
֮ΪɳߣΪֵҡҡͷȻһЦ˵ΪСһᣡξÿڰæ֮ǰ㣬Ǻǣ˵䣬Ůڼͷı۾ϴЦݡ
Ӻð뵱УȲóҪǷǿնԼǺδм飬ɣӣ
ɳĪ˵Ļ˼ҹǼĳĸ֣֮ΪξæάֳһŮʾ£ԷɵĶȥɳϴš
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507 Խ
ξΪãȻô˲أ
ǻڼǰһУżƴɱ˾ǣ⾹һʩչɽֶεˡɳͨ󣬾ǽΧɱµģԸΪūΪֻͣһգξǴ۽硣˵ɽɣŲɼòײˣ״ôĻԵߵ֮ʣԸؼҹɳ
֪ξĳϣԼ˷Ǳ˴˽Ը
ξԼլԺУרűٳһԺλɳóԺúȵعš˴ˣôֳˡС檵İɳֱɵС檵ĶƤһǣϲأ⡭ɳĺô࣬ʤöֻٰǣв¶з
ǰãؽ˼׮֪ôϹٵĶУͨ뺣ʱ켩ס£ɳɳȻӦָȴʹξʧɫԭɳйأǺã
֪ξѴʱɳѵ¼䣬㲻֮˽ᣬԼӦϹٵͨ뺣ֻ䱾취ˡ֮ܲܽԷɣ
ԾпУɳ෢»˼ڼصһգξĸǰݣ
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ξɳ̸ʱҹúĴڣһ㡭
ҹ˷εԺΧŻȡůļۣһ˫һţԴ˯ֵһԡ𱻷紵ĻҴܣмž΢ը죬ﴫ߽ӵһȴֱ⺮ĳûҹ֪ͷ
ӳ£лӰζڣδֹͯһ㣬ڲײ䣬Ѳ۾ֻǣأŲĥ˵λӵĴϢԳȴһ£˯ˡ
žһ£֦Ķݶûоκˡͯת飬¶һ˿ϲɫδݶϵߣҿƬ¶Դ
Σͯһ´ӵӶֱС˵ͯжЮŷУһλεĸֵ
ֵ֣󷢵ͯЦ͵سɤŸߺֵǶ֣亰Ѽǰһһ۴ֵդŰʹһײԺ
ôĶ˴ˡ۾ӣδܵΣĶһӰѴ˹ȥ˲ͷкӣڴ˴𡭡
ͬʱԺǽϡݶϣͻȻԾӰֳֵָĺӣֱ߳ȥǼѹһʧɫæץֵһ𣬽Ҫʾ֮ʱȴһߺͯɱԽŵɤǲֹһε
пࡣĺѱ֪Լٸźȣô𣿶ѻӵ
յײģľǶˡͯЦ־ź񱳿ɽ
ת۵Ĺһѵж֣ڵءͣ¼۱ս󳷣ȴԶнŲˣ⼸˶־ǣԺŴٺˡ
磬ǽ߰ɣ˸ߺͯӦֳŸֵǰһͨѺķ˺һӿԺﶼӰֱһӣֵǣ
ԺӵΧǽɶ׳ȥͯṦȴǳɵشǽͷȥ֮ʣͷֱŵźյײģ벻ߡ
ݴ֪֣֮֮Ҫ˲翿ֻԼ뷨ͯľֹУ²⵽˶ԷԽ˼˴ֵһ⣬ʵǶĬ
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ͷץŲɵӣΣͷֻȡأɵûͷȥֻǸɵ㶵ĺǰһãȻ
ӣһ߰ɣûţȴһˡȡʱ򣬴ڵͷĪǣ
˭Ǹºӣȫȴԩִֵҡҡͷ˵۴˵ˣٸԩһ˵ģ
㡭ֱۣһűԺǽȥһڣĪŹٸ
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±أòԺǽǰץסӣȥ
ͯǸˣȴǸˡиıߣԺ»༸ʤ㡣ο⻹һóּ黫쳣ĶأǳҪˣץסӣ˫ʹץˡ亰δֹ䶸𡪡
䡪һ죬ǽͷϵͯһˤ˵ϣŷɶߡߺһԺǽĪ̮ˡƨſڵϣδĿ಻һɶԶЩͿ˭Ͼ¶ϣǼըеӣתۼȫδһˡúõļشΣƬƽأֻһӲ֪Ĳ뷸ˣʧɵɵվš


508 
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Ǽĺʹڶ޴ķˣһ̱羪ըȺһ㣬ȻӡӰҴܣ޺ڶôεĵ뷸˵ԽСǣΪĶҹ˼
ȺеЩãȻ֪Ǻãֱֻһض𣬳صɲǼȥ˫ʲôΩзڶߺХ
Ƭ̹󣬷һӵ˫˵ءʲ˭קԼ·أֵ˺δҪͷȥѰǸĵͬʱҹɫȴǿǰڡʵŵһ£ʧôˣС
һִ͵ƵŮӣӵɴ۾Ǻӣź˵һΪأ˭롭λĪǡ
Ųæͷȥֻһĵ˳ͷ˵˵
˽ӣæʵ˵Է˵һΪѰҶȪ˶
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ңǽһ·أôδܻؼңչٸҪˣһɻأ´һ
⻹ǸˣһЦҡҡͷ˵֪ҸڵķҶȪҵĹլڣ֪˵뵣ǡ
ӻǴźתȥСĨ˰ˮͷʾԷԲ飬˵Ǵ˱ã
ƺֱֲʧСĵһˣܽԼӽȥϡͿв֪Լ˴бԹɡӵһȥһЦ
ӴһҳľӣóһƲƣ˵˴¶û֪
ԭӵǸӻҪģ˴ʱҶȪΪ䰲һҡҶȪȥ֮ӵϸ£죬ˣĪҶҵζ顣ҵӱ㾽ȣһһⱲֻʣһˣò˸ֱ̯֮֡ĺӣûǰĽǵҶȪķصڡ

һδ˵ϼ仰㱻㳶˳ʱ಻ٰʵҹɫУӵıԹ
һµϣ˴ССķͷҹУҹɵʹô˴ƽֺ⡣Щӣһ಻żһ·ĥš
ѰһͰķͷǰָָͣβס䣬ɤЩ˵Ҷ˵ĹأҼǵ
ŵķͷ֮䣬һƬյϵķڣԹµĹ𻵲ûϷ紵ܣԵõͰᡣ
´һסҶҷصصڣһӆ£һץԭʧȥӰ

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һԸһ䣬㱳˫ԺУ򸾶ȥʰɰһȻת
СԼ˻ԭɺ󣬲ҵʰ˼أԼת᲻ãǸŲ£ֻ뽫ԺӶߡƶֵ𰡣
ȴǶſڣǲԸӡһվµ˺񣡼ԽҺ£Խأôˣҵͷڹ¡˵ģǿҪҸߣǿ˺졭
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һδ˵СȴǶ˵ĺӣǾҶȴˡ
˵Ů˱죡Ӱ˵˵ļƣǳСӡԷּ̲סĨᣬһǸ˵֣ҼҺ
״һδŭسǵķüͷ⣬ӣת˲ԭʧȥӰ
ǹ겻ɡʧһƨڵϣȴѵ˼ңҪİ

һСԺУϯȥְ˾Ʋˡξĺ⣬λ˾ٱ˵ҹ˽޹ֵ̮ɢ֮ʱλɳĳ֣ŻΪİȻĳϹǰ޷ɳԱл⡭
λ߶δɫв죬ȴ˵㹩Ҫ㸻ǰ̲źã鳤룬¡Ե˱˴˻˸ɫæ˾Ʊǹģ
˹ɫת˵żξ˷ǣιأ޵֮ˣĴһֲ̡
سǴ״ߵʶξʰ˳棬˳һЩʿֶΡֻǣϲɱͰ
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ˣӣξ˷ϲ¾ˬȰƲͣȴɳɫһ䣬վ㵡ʣ˵
Ȼ㣡Ǻôĵӡ


509 
ξͷһŹ˵üתֵӻͷȥշŵڣ֪ʱһλŵ۵ˣɳ߳
һʱᣬɫòһԵ˲ԣȴвˡ
λóȻò֪⡭䲻£ξ졣˵Եù죬λɳΪɽǰڳ˵ͷ˭϶Է۶ûУȴͻȻͺһ

ⲻһ߳ȣһͷը졣ֻ˫ˡͷһεľ帲Īļξͣ˫Ȳ⣬ĪˣȻɳǰģҶ룬æͷӴһ˳ӣǼŮæ˳ȥ
ֵܣ㻹šѰ˴
ǻع߹ߴ˸кֽԷ´ţɡ͸Ϊвòˣһ

һ뿪ӵļңֱ˴ƾʶ˵һһֻԭѰˣɽҹһУʹ˲̡
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ֻ仰һΪɽڵʿ˻һˮڣа䲻ʵĪһˣһˮ䡣
߱ˮͽһҶҼԵʣʶò塢ɵ¡еʿһӦǼɷеϢΪˣͷɡ
ˣΪɽڵʿһ𣿱ʦţԵɣһвö֪̽Уһӡ֤ԼĲ²⡣߹ȻгԼƣòԼ˵ɤδ䡣ڵΪΪĺɽʿΪˣ䲻ޱӻ֮⡣
ʿ֮䣬ֺʲôͣ˾٣ʿΪȮˣ
޶̰쳾󣬵޲ɡݱףɱ޹⻹ˮĵΪ֮£ʿɱԽķˣֻΪֺһ٣ɫˡ˵оʧȥΪ˵֪ӥȮ죿
ֵܣĪҪᣡûСûʲŵȣ͸żίԷȴǲ飬ҡͷ˵ˮϣƽϡһ޹Զ˵أֻΪ˱ܿξ֮Ļʵ벻һʿΪŰ
ϯŴ̶ЩҲסæڵԶţڷףڴ˴ܼУкβɣδӰĬðҺָһܲҡ
ȻһͱˣȴٲȻǸ˵ģǿӲ͸ŲһԵʿ˴ʹ˸ɫһһɢڶļơԭů͵ڣʱɭɭĺ֡
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Ҫľѱûת۳һѻмΣֹסҪɽĳ嶯º˼ʧѽ˽𵤡
ת䣬һɱ֮󣬴ӵϵǬгƵС졣ꡪһӳƬһĹǺ𣬼̶ŵɢȥĺš
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̾˿ΪԼһƣס֨غȥſһһڳȥļƣ˵ǻ㿴Űɣ
ĬĬһβһȻ˵ͷ˵գ˵˱ǡ
һʵ仰˵ֻһˣһеԭɣҪӺɽҿʼ
꣬Ԫڱɽ֮ʿҪѪԷˮǱ֮ˣȴǰˣ衣һ֮£ͽ뿪ţȥɽңɢޣ;ȴΪɽڵʿⲻһɱ
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ۿʦͽ˾⣬ˮ֮ʣ֪ʹ˺ܷӶݶȥǸӣǿģڷѪĺ󣬹ұƽһ
ʮ䣬ɽڷ粨ϣʹüࡣòɹ󣬱Źұɽڴ֮ʱһܳţǵԪ಻ȥˣֻڷ׼䣬ȴ
뿪ɽ֮ȥѰʦȴ޴֪ˮ䣬ֻա;˼ĺɽڵӣݡȥĵҩǼɽڵʿԣռӵıˣɱˡֻ¹ģԸһͬȥ׼䴳
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˵ݱϾ뷲ͬⲻ˻Ҫɽڵʿ֮¹ֶ̬а˼ꡣСس޹ʳξⲻҪæһȴ޿κΡϹ׷ֻҽѰ˷¡
ͷ˳˳ˮ¶࣬ǻ¶ǼسǴλǳӡֵļξ֪Խʱòٴáϣڻ֮η٣ӴܡۿŴѳɣλɳʱ֣նɱʮˣʰһҾ֡һԭɡ


510 ȥ
ǰһУȻʧ뵱ԼǸˣʦ飬ʦڵԪڰȻաԼǰٶͣȴھɫ֮ж԰ΡǰΣΪԼܽɽ𵤣㣬ܼΪ˵Ȥкβأ
ֻǣ˵ʱΪȻʧأ
λֵܲѹʦмӡѳΪ˽ʿʵʹ˾ۡ಻ͬ
ɫһתʵұΪŵλԪӤʿˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǽѹȥ˶꣬ұ֮ڵӤɹһĵų˶֮ƣһʱ˴ల¡ɺ֪˺£λԪӤʿǴյһȻͬҪԸһˡ˭룬ӱɱұˣֳӽѡ˵һս
ԣһȻʧʵӤ˵λԪӤʿԸһˣ˲أ˭ĺʱĸ֣
޳ԪӤʹ⣬λԪӤʿֶԸһˣ³̫˼һʱ֮䣬һʧȥ򶨣ɵ˫üɫдɻ벻⡣
һķ첻Ϊ⣬ƶԴԤһ㣬ȴ̧ۿ¡в²⣬˵ӦŻشĲãһ֪
һĬԷƳһֽۣ˵ݴǵһɼţ˽յ۷硣Ԩ˵ڱչкľ٣ʹɵȴԸԳĳΪԪӤ֣ʧ֮䣬˭˵
ԨˣΪһǳܼˡ澭ľӤν°빦ҵǣȴԪ޶һδʹ˸еϧˣѰӤžòڽ𵤺ڿǻֱĩˣңֲң
Էҵһ˵ǸλԪӤֵ˭޴֪ŪԷֻǣΪ֮һƬ֮ʱȴʧӰ٣Զ˴ġ
סСԺ˸Ҿšξ֮󣬲δܵϡ˵ѣȻοԼ¶Ҫæ˵ֻʣһԣһֱ˵
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⣬һһ٣ת֮ͣ˽Ųȴǵͷȥ
һȺ˾ۼڳſڴ̧׹䲻ָָ㣬˽У죬п𡣳ϷһСľӣȻװʮòͷ­ͯţΪҹԽķˣһ飬⺮гֳһС
һĿһϸ˵ƿתȺٴͣʱųų˵Իƺ󡭡
ÿɷ̧°ͣһأԲһ漴ȻæǰȥӭѺⷸ˵Ĳۣ֮ˣǻѪһίӣС
·ְ˼ʹϣҧҧ͹ȥˣͷίȴһʱŽ⡣Լ޸ϵûӣص˼أ²ǱǸ˸ݺˡδôһ£ֱ۶šһҹɣȴǽǣ˽֪ⲻΡ
ԩôͳأɲ۴˵ˣΪ֮ͬһͬ¯յľСȻǻʢ
ףĵڴˣĪҪӵЦߣˣ϶ݺᱻǣһ·ϲ̧ͷӣǰһʱͦأƵسһڣʾͷĲޡ
ξϵĸˣǶͨԼݣǶꡣţѺӷ򸾵һӭǰȥⲻҪһͨƨ
˶˷ˣϷȥѰξ˵䲻ٴɫȴ޴Ӿܾ಻档ʱǸɲˡ


511 
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ȴĪȥʹʵһʱز
سǵĴЩΪ˼ּʶ¶֮˲࣬æȥĲǹߵлвпţ۴ǺţǼӰһԩٸģ
Ųˣûж˵һĻһλ˵ȥȻأԴżζɫǰһСӲʶˣδйκεĽ
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ľֹӿԵ̫һ۾󲽳ȵС
˫ֵһأԹŵЦݡӲᣬǳǰС˵ͷʾⲻض
˿˹СɫжһɬһԵӰһۣæعͷдǸ⣬С˵СŮ䲻ȴ࿴ΪҼҺãҼ˵çײ֪Ҫ黳
˵ޣ˲°
Χ۵࣬һС˵꣬㽫һСӶ£֮˵ⱾģӰɣŭĿߣ಻ȥ

Զصس֮һֱҶҼѰҶҵڣҶ򸾵źһ
ǴģƬصԵûɭĹƬطһֺˡ
Ĺһ;ѰʯͷɵģһҶȪģһҶ𡢷ɶġ¾ɷͷʯǣߴࡣ
һϽ«ƣҶȪķͷǷΪҶ򸾵ķǰ˼ݣųһҶǰ֮У³ӣʹ˱룬еʧʲôóǰΪĸ¡
Ű׺ƫйҡ˽ȴ࣬㡭
죬мְ⣡һ֮̾һ˳Ĩȥʶӡǡ
һֶȥûУԭвᣬõһȣһᡣΪߣ֪ж붮ã಻ڡ´˽Ҷ򸾶õѳ֮
СӣʲôƵطһ۲۰ء㣡Ļٴβʱ˵
ҡҡͷһԭʧȥӰһ˿Уӻһ˵ʱⲻҪ˼룡Ҷ˲ʱ˵Щʲô

û˶Īǻ˯ֻλһ٩
ƨ˵λ˯̫ãҪһɱ˼򵥣鷳š˯ţ

Ϊβ˵ҪѰ˵𣿡Ļ͸źɡ
λԪӤʿɱһ˭ǺεȵΪأһĬ˻ͻȻ
һָͷСָͷЦ
ʲôһЩͿ
ĸԪӤʿộһָˣûߡֿ

СӣˣΪشЦһһڵָԪӤʿơ
ףЦǲǣ˵ǵꡭ粵һڶ˻ȥ˵˭ģ

ô˵ˡһ޹ʵĬãֹЦСӣС󰡣Ժ˵Ȧӣɴ˭˭˵̫ˡ
һס¶Цصգʵú˵ѡ
ͷһ㵽ĳһߴ׽δԣºֽ࣬˵㷽˵ᣬ˴λԪӤʿвԪӤڵΪ便˭ȥѯһ֮ˡ
ԼǣĽеλԪӤʿǳڵΪԪӤڵĸֿȡ֮˻᲻ǻڵΪأһʵֽ֮⡣
ԷĻ˴½ɵĬĿ໺ࡣ˵ᣡٴ˵ʱǻΪλʿе𣿡
һ˵ͷȻǶԼĻΪͬοغһ˵һˣ˵ϵĶŶˣ
仰ſıԣԵıǮ˵;Щį
ȥδÿڽת˵˳ࡣһ˵Ǽȥһ˵ֻȻˮܺù˾ͷ˵жٺô˵˲ǣ
ˮо֮ѣҲܲʣһ䣬һֿЦ˵ֻˮǺ
ԪѽϽֻԪǳ˵֮ȣĲˮʲôأĻдżΡһͷһó߿龧ʯǵˮ³á˵ɾıԪɣΣ
֪СӲǸ֮ˣأɾŰɣպõϡ֪һĥԣʹ˷˵ɾ˵ǧ֮Ϊðһӣ
ĵͷһĻǧ֮Ϊã߿ɾʵٵĿ̺ӴΪУԺҪΪˡɾԼ˵ʲôôδȥٸʵ׶
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ֻȴյĶ𣬴̫ණĵطվҪΪһһߵøߵ·ǹһУԼǰĹǵֹǰеĽŲ

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أϼƣ䵤Ƕ˼ֲͬ󡣴˴ѳΪľ֮ءһ۾֮صɷǾˡ漴гȹҷأƮȻйеĻ𡪡
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һ̯˫֣εҡҡͷ̾Ҿڴ˴ɱңܵõϵһС


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Ũҵɱ˾ΣӯһǴȪ£Ǵæһԡ
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Ǹڵӯ¡ȻУͷһ˿ɬһΪģһ̣Լûסɽǻתɣ
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516 
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һУɫ΢䡣ķɽȥƿ켲ȴΪԷ³һѽ衣Ѹ͵ͷ
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ڵר֮ԭֻΪһĸĸУʵ˲ɶõķᱻ׻١ڵСɣȴǷҪڽˡ
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һԼƽϵʱǴ㵲ѡŵļغϣûռһˡԷʲôֶδ֪ȡʤնɱҪһˣ⻹ǽ𵤳ڵʿ˵ļ֣ջѵãȻܰݣ
һ𵤺ڵĸ֣һ𵤳ڵĺƴյʤӦûɲԸʹ˰ֵģֻһˡ׿һʱǸڣһתӯ˵㻹뿪˵Ϊã꼰˵֮䣬ϵĽйâ˸ٿȻ޵Ľ˳ȥתʧɽĸС
Ӵ˴ѣһӣǷشĵһĶ֣߾ȫһսⲻӵ֣ҪԼжǿֻǣӦеֶλЩ
һľٶ쳣ɽɱʢɫдżֺɣ´һӳŶԷһ˵Щ죬ɽԲףпɣӦΪƣϼӲֻ㷽ʩչĹΪȲڣ಻ţǴһС֪㻹кֶΣԴˣĳΪڴ
֪䣬ӱýӯԳЩͷ˵СӦԺɽɣҪڴ˰ְţȥ
ӯü΢һȴڲȥֱӿĺȪϵǣһ̤ȪˮһҴͶһƳ
ӯʧȪ֮УΪ죡ɽڣµȴΪԶŶԷԴ
һĳ㻹ʲô£˵䣬ϵ˲ͬ˫ĿƮķɽҫĿĹâʱӳɽ
𵤺ڵĸ֣Сӣ
һͷɫءеĽ𽣣һɱȻ֮аĽ˸ֳһСף׶
顪һ΢ı죬ͻȻɽĳšɲͬǿʢײһ𣬺ʱɢǣΩŨصɱ
ˮµµ޴ɽ֮ڣһƴ⡣һԳҼ֮ʱ˴˽ɫһ䡭


517 ͼ
һΪǿΪǿʶͻ֮һ𡪡
ĪߣŻ
˲İˡת֮䣬һһӾǷֺ飬һͷǴȪɽֻԹĻ
һҺڣ
ͻ䣬һ룬һȪһ̣һӰɽУ֮һܵĵͦ죡

Ȫ֮УȪˮ۲ɢĺ¶ϣڡ
һĶѨ˽£ʶвδԼӯӰֳֽһСȥת۱ʮѨȻխͬһ㣬ߴСĵطŨң͸ļµ֮£Ȼ֮١
δ״һתʱ֮ͨһڡ´ѭǰɽǰǸ߶·һײССѨУһɫӰޡ

ɽٴλȻʱһºӳһǰ跨ȥһϤɤʧʱ𡪡
Ǻǣ벻żһɷĳͬа
һֹֻס˽Ųתڵ̤նУ˲Ϣ㵽˽ǰΣ洺ЦԺˮ·ʱżɽ΢ѭΪץӣȴδ뵽ôһˣǺǣ֮ϲ
ºӵİߣͣ˽ŲһЦ£˵ڶ
һ鵭Ϊİڰ֡ŶԷ´һַ׵˵ͷΪο˵ôȥˣ㲻Ȼ޳˽𵤣ǿϲɺѽΪڵƮ衣һ˴
ˣлˡԷĻ˵ϣɵһ
˫֣ŰȻ˵һһɽɣҲ˵ɽѷգĹڵ㣡
ˣһЩ⡣̻꣬˲٣мִӺδ
ö룬ɽ֪ɵһֻ֣һӦ
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һ˵꣬ϣö˵ĳһ˺ɽǣתգ˵㲻Ƕ˵
ûʯвӰһüͷ˼ϹһɫĹâ
ɵʯ֮һٴλص˵ϡѩɣããаӰʢ˵Ļ𡪡
ȥֻ˵ǶˣĳΪɱ֮
һ̤һѰķɽУʾлͣҡ˭ϣĻٴαϣԷһЦ˵ϤұƽǽڵΪұĪǵҵɽǱǸŵӣ˹ұ֮ܣǽ𵤺ڵΪΪɱǡ
һĬȻֲ޿οغǺЦΪ赣ǣߡ̤նУ뵽ķѩ֮УϢʧԶ
ԪӤʿǲͬ찡նУپˣһ죬ɫûһ˿Цݣȴǽȥ
һµķɽȴԸ˵ʲôһ·ϣ޻
һʱķѩ֪ںʱͣççԲԵѩɽһͨӨ׵ѩΡʣǷעĿ
Թ˺ǺЦһһ˵ֱɽȥδǰϺȣұĪұƽڡ仰߿ƣǧѩƣڡУȻ
鳤룬̬Ȼնͬɽ̤˽¡һʮ⣬һԲĿأԲ
Ƭ̹һһλڵӣ̿ʩ˵ǰ˵֮뿪ɽʱҷɽδǰ鿴
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˵ɻ󣬿ʶӦм١һΪ˴㵵ʱȻڵҪұɾҪ㵽ʱߣˣתʵһҪҪɽһ̽
ҡҡͷһ˵лһˡδ˵ԷȻİ˵˷֮£ԣΣһɽɡ
һ¶˼ģüͷ˵㲻ȥѰֳӵ鷳ɣ
üһÿɷЦ£˵ˣ񲻾Ǹ֪ߵغˣ
֪Ҳ֪Ҳһѵ֪֮һصɽɣڲ㡭ɵضһ䣬תȥ
ʱеʦڵ˼ɷŵһУֺĳ˵Ԥ֮СıӰĬĬһۣһ¡ƽϵʱʶͻȻĻ
һԪӤڵСӣôǱˣ
ͻĸпʹ޴Ӽƽϣ˭˵ɽǸлĵط𣡱£ȥ
˭چ£ϻ˱𣡻صɽͼͼһͼʲôǸطҪȥ
ͷЩ£ȴԶתһŲæظ˹ȥԷ˵Ϊʿûһأ㡭
һ˳ֽӹһΪһѷɽǲӡ½Ҫ˵ԷΪȻذڰ֣˵лɽ˵


518 
ţһ侲֮СֳĿһ㡣
ʦ壬һϼɽʼɱһλʿΪ˵Ǹ˵ŹӡһԵӽӻ˵磬رΪֻ»˼޹
ʦ廹ǲ˸˵겻࣬ǽʿʱգ˵ΪĵľְңţΪ֮ɱպһ
ʦԲӵܴλʦѣɼɾŵĿ֮δ˭˻ǵ֣Ӹһ䡣
ߣûֳӣһʹ˵æͷַ룬ۣ˵Լˣʧƫģˡ
˴ֳҡҡͷºͣʦԪľءǶǰ˵ѵ⣬Թ
ǰϷһйһ֮ԵϷӵǸ֮ˣȴǲ֪סǷ֮²Уøأ£ֳ˹˵ºϤӾµˣǸ䲻ͽܣǷ˼ҵһŶ䲽ƣΣһãƽ޹ʶһң
ԼͽܣӵɫЩȻǽʿɱ˲ࡣЩȥˣȴʼղټĪ˲ɣͽΨһĳ˱Сӣǡ
һֳӽ˵Ϊߣ֪ˣػһţͬ˰ҵϣ³ˣ
һؿƣ֮Сۣ᲻ϵֻϧǱˣӲĻԹֳӲΥ裬ǵ˵ͷ
ʦˣӻҪ˵Էҡҡͷæ
һֳ˵ڵĿ½֪һΪߣȴδ¶յܻˡҵ֪СӳӲΪҪд²أӳԱ⣬ڰ֣˵ҵȲСڣǵ͹ǸСӰ
ᵤ֮˲Ǿ޽С˵ţʦĬĬʶ졣
ֳӻǴüĿӣֻĬĬ˿һ۶Է˵ôһƽӹˣΪÿÿң޷ǻԵľ˰ˣԡ־ΪҪڵһҽԿҵǻһˣָӦԣ
Ӳ˵뵽ʲôȴֶԴ˲ΪȻСӲǸ黫֮ôһˣ
˼Ѳ²⣬ֳüͷǽ˵Ϊһŵӣڲϧţɽ˺Ƥʹɽ٣һָΣȻԶԴ֮һ֮ˣ벻һ룬޵֮ıɵཫʹֹ
˵һ˵ǣʦֵܻǶʦĻΪȻΪߣԵĲ͹ԡ˵ԪӤʱ򣬻һħ٣в˹ɣλ
ʶڴıʹ޴ӻرܣΪʿԵġȻΪ˳Ӧ֮١֮٣컯Ϊ£Ī֮£Ҳ֮ģһִ벻һǿ˼ΣŲòֻᣡ
ǾԼԶˣֳջ˻ͷ˵Ǽͣдǻ۰ˣ佻ãʤ񣡡
ӳ£˵ˣһͬˮ𡭡
ҵŵˣȥôһСӵͷǼ罫ܻʦŵĹŲźãӳû͵
Ƣٺãֳӵɫǳߵһʮ꣬ץסǴ֮İʮ꣬ŵ汣סʦɵģϷмƽϣߣ
͸ŲãֳӷȥãӲ˵ʦܰһʦķԸɣҪ˼Ҳˣ
ų룬ӳһ˵ʦʦĵҵԼҵ˵ٻǡ

ɽһڣһϥǰ鳤ƣһ󳤵ģһǵģ⣬һǧʯЩʾ
ƣһҪд֮󣬿ȥŵκһؾĵ伮ʶδܾĺ⡣˴εĵɽ֮УյֽΣ˭Ҳ֪£ҿ
֪һصڣѾǵһݼˡ
ͷڵΪ׺ӻ㣬ڱһǰһϵģ͸ĹȺʹλ½ǰЩڡһ֪ԷΪϽ«һ¹ڻ̳Ͼƣʾ⣡ȻֺǺˣһĵúǰָ㣬Ȼȴ֮
ڶݻֳϵģĸ͡
Ǹͷǰӵ۵ģǽڵΪһǰЩϵļơ
һǵһŵӣǽʿԽӽɽšԴˣͻʶصġǰݻʾĳ⡣



519 ʦͽ
ľԶõʱ򣬵֪˽˵£һΪ֮οɽ롰Ϊ
ڣһʶӶˣнΩˡľԶ֪صɽʱ⣬ȴδѯԵɣֻǴȻɫΰݣлԷɱľҵĳˡ
ôȥˣٴξףȻ໰Ҫ˵һ˵һЩڷشɱ£ֲֻᣬֻںƮľԶᵽľŻţѷܷؽľҡռǰӣ¼صʾãϼɽദĻ
ڵʱһһѰŵӣĹ򣬱ѳΪеĽʦʵ˷˼Ϊˣ֮࣬ⲻ˾ʹֽһҪԾӣʹľԶ֪˵ʦǽʿгб˱֣ǻǳ鷳
ǰ˺ƺͬԲ˴˵Ľһ˼
ôȥˣȴΪ֮⣬òΪǷֺδ䣡ʶһһ°ľԶŵףԵŶʧ㡣Ļижʹ׳ǣ˵ڣԸһµˣԶ֮⣬һˡ
Ŷ˭һһ䡣˲𣬸Ǽ͡Ȼδ˵ľԶ㲻޸п˵˿ʮ꣬չֻˣԺ򡭡
ľԶδ˵ּ꣬һһۣͬʱ¶Цݡһ²͸еΣֻóŶҡҡͷ
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һȻѿ嶴֮ˣһƮƮӣ㣬ɷǵģһλڵʿò죬
ľԶأЦһֻ˵䣬ѳɽҪںʦʱ۹ӹڵˣͻ¡תľԶ˹֣ɵ˵ľʦ֣ʦ㣡źʦ˵أ
һ˵ľԶЦʦ˭Է˵ʦ˵ִ󡣿ɽԺ󣬾ľʦ˵Ҳ֪˼һΪպյ
㿴˭ѲµʲôһЦѭ۹⿴漴ҡͷ˵ʦ˵ЦˣʦӢ
˴Ӹɴڶ뱳ֵһסҡͷ˵ʦԼЩʧæ˵ﻹûҲʶˣλѳγƺѽ
һǣ˵˷֮٣
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һȳˣ˵ȴ͸żͻǲԸԿģȴִֿǰ۰Ͱ͵̬ʹһҡͷȴǻûԪӣ˵ҺʱҪͽܣ
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һ£˵ҴδӦΪͽˡ˱Ƕʥĺ˶˷˵书ôȥˣ罫Ĳˡ˭뵱ǸΪɶһеˣΪѰɽѰʦ˶ݣһ·ԹٵĿͷ
ʦ㲻ǴӦľʦʦڳ˿֤ʵ̧ͷĶ˷һĲޣԱߵˡ
һȻҴӦʲô
ЦĪˣһյޱ⡭ľԶһԸ͵ƽԭʦɽ㱨ԼݣԨǰ»ʶ֪ĵӡ
ԭˣһȻͷǶһޱ⣬Ԩȥ֮ʱԸһǲҪڣĺΪгɣһĵӣ
ʱһδԨӵĻϡǸͷһвϰݣΪôһעšҪ˵ɺϵ¶ˣָһ仰һߡˣָأ
ǹһĨЦһֻõͷ˵գ˵
һĪʦͽˣľԶȻ֮£ʧ㣬лرˡ˷ǴһǺһһʮôЩܡ
˷ϲɵó֮Ȣӳ˼ңأһ;β롣һһŮʮ⡣ҵһ꣬ͬõĹϡˡһ֮ˣŲΪò໹˵ģ
һ꣬ǣҵĶ˷˽һһȥˡ·շתʮ꣬أѰڣԼݡ
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ִǺҲľԶ֪˴£ʵһָλʦǷһ˵ĿлϤԼʦķǷ֮ϲԽĶ˷δգִӴƲ
Եɣһͷ̫ˣټǣɽЩ˵£˷մ˹⣬Ϊ˵ɽˡû׷ߣֻܵоԶ֮Ŀ⣬Ī
ⱾǸϲý֮ͨˣɺòװţȴΪͬΪ켺ЩǶǲʣʹ˳Ķ˷䡣״ľԶĸвޣгʹ԰
֮Уʲô¶˵ĬԵʣľԶ˵ľֹ˹ʡ
˶źãĲϣ
һܵĶ˷ɴֻʦɽ֮գü֮ʱ


520 
ʮȥˣ򲻸ˣʮĶ˷Գɹ˼䣬϶ϤһЩɽżһ£Ϊָ֮пһʦδɽԼչֱա
ʦɻˣôЩұûĺӣƲ𰡣Լ˼ڣ˵ˣֻһ˷޾ĸпɫȴ͸ż׽֪ԼʦǽʿΪԽӽɽţֻػ󳩣״ε˵ʦ㻹ԭӺÿһЩأʤòᣬһڰٳˡ
Ŷ˷ϲģһҡͷȻˣӲϡԷԼҪ곤꣬ȴһ۲أʵ̾룬˵ΪһͽܣԺⲻһЩǷǷǡ
ǷǷΣһףʲôŲµģʦıǣԺܵʱ㲻һˡ˷ţ͸źһЦԷ漴ɫ˵ʦŲӣǾõӱµ΢뵱ɽһ·ϡ
һ˷Щϰȴʧִţרעһ£һ׵ĳɾ͡ǧѰɽʦɽ顣һˣʲôŲأ
˷һΪĵ֮һóһǬ˹ȥԷʱɴ۾ϲôʯɽ
Ϊʦͽ̫ܲСˣЩһó˼ö˵ǡķ֮ƪ
ڵĵϰ˵ĹⲻŵĹ𡭡˷ɫһǳɵ֮ˣڴŻ֪һЩġ֪룬һһ˵ߣϰķһĵӣҪ룬֮ٵ

ʦˣǲһԭƫƧɽյĶ˷һĸʦմˡİɽ¼ңǸŨڣһĶ˴һԶǱʦͽ
޵֮ûôлҪ˵ڶ˷ֺǺǵȥ֮һԾȴüͷһĿЦ
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ССԪӤʿĿһУԿмĻУмָп
µ㡭һЩεҡͷ
֮ףСӣк⣿⣬漴ֻŭ
ǵңڵ֪ʵ飬ܲÿοڴ˴һɴֱֱ˵ǡ
ߣ˱ǳӲ汻Сӳ׼ƢԣԺõùˡ
һΪȻ˵֮ءϵʲô˵񣡡
ȴңǱ֪ľ㲻ö֮١һ˵˶⵽˵ýȥ
ĬһźߵСӣĨ˵ô࣬Ҫұ𣿡
һأһȴͻȻ
ۿ˵ͣǲʶôıһӹѧĻĪ֮Ϊ̹㡭
һòסԴŭţйšգ³һ⡣ʱû£ֱ
徻ˣɲһɿǣԵʣɤʶ𣺡˴棬Ϊû㣡
ƲƲ죬һ䲻ǣǽʶ˵¡ѴҽֱصѸɣܵȴ˶ҡ
صɽһҰļӦĸʹ˸к˵ҪչأԼڵĶ´ĶУԴ˲ΪȻЩ죡
˵һصɽ֮Ӧȥ𴦵Űݻᣬʾ⡣ʶλڵĵݣδ塣εֳ㲻˵ɴ͵رչأǲ̫ĽʹԹ
ĵУЦɣ齱߳žе˵ʲйʹ˵һչˣǺǣݼλأóûʶһ˭ϣ⻹һλ°֮ˡ
۾Щشǰ䣬ֲΪЦڵɽ߲ܰǺ°οշ
ȻһЦת̨Ȼ˵˵ļǰֻڷǰ㵹ûʲôǶһӰˡ
üͷĬ˰죬˵һ䣬ʡã޷ŵ⡣


521 
һΪĶ֮ڣһǰűյޡ˱ΪƵԸʿΪãԽʿʱв㡣
һʱһָһ㣬ǸӻһĽ⣬ٿȻϡȥϸϸĽ߻û뼡вˡ
֪ƵΣҸطһԡһһԭʧȥӰһ̣ѳµĵѨ֮С
˴ǰľ޴Ѩµĵػڡŵɽ֮УȵһĺأԴϢڲݣʱҽߣ˵ġꡱ
һ޴¯֮ڣһû˴ǰľȡŲǻİߣųҵ
ǰǸڣ֪ûʱҽʮ޳֮عء
ܣһָȥĽʱϷɳԽɿ䡱һʯС̧һץʯںƱڳһ鼸ߴСʯͷֱ޲ŷС־ٿȻսֻá顪һ죬ɫӲʯͷм֡žҽ֮С
üһ˫֣˵ͷǽƾʧһ㣬Ϣػص֮ϡ
֮ǺǣСгĻȻ鲻ӡ
һ̧ͷʶ˼󷨽ƣֱáԭȵġڣ̵һԣһӺŵӣǿ಻͵ģϷʯ֮ڣһֻŻ棬мʿδǸ׺ͷ
Ļ沢һ԰ģŻŷڵҽɫֳֵĳ
ٴ˴ǲÿɣŨҵֱȥ߳ɹɹ˽𵤡
ԡ֮С֮й֮ʱԽ֮µΣĪǱ˵
룬תһӰһɣǰһ̤ȥڷڵҽ֮ϣƽһ㣬׹δϽâǻȥ
ҽŰһеȣȴ޲ʡ鲼ף֮⻹һԷݡ꣬δкβ֮ϥӡĿϢ
һ¹ȥ֮һ³ɡĵػӣֻԲ㣬ްֹ£ʯֻײˣ»Ǿ˸͡Ե˶Ѩв鿴һ˴˼ʯ϶һʯ֮⣬δ쳣ֻǲࡣ
תۼ䣬һɽѹȥ˰ࡣʱҽʮѱȥֻ³ྫӣͨף˺ػһͬʱõľֻףѲʹá
Ϊˣļˣֻٴ̽飬һ֮󣬱㽫
Ϥ״֮ʵؿһ֪뵽ʲô漴աԲȱӯ֮ʱСֻ֣뾲伴ɡ

ĶڣһֻŵػһΧһȦˣȴЩ֮⣬гüĹѶˡ
ҵȾ䣬ɴ˰սǺãź룬Ρ
һԵļѶŵػ۾಻գһ£˵ػֻҪ˼ձϨ𰡣ĪΪ֪㾿ǿûС
˵˷ִ磬õ۾Ϸۻ軨ɣԷȴԴһֹⲻż˭ŶԴ˲ʲأʹѽ
˾ǰ׺ͷֻǹһЩǽʿȻ˼ֵơ˵ƢԲ࣬˴˼Ϊ˵ֲͬ˵ûôĽ
ѷˣͺһ˵Ѩĺۼ᲻ϸ̽顣˵ҽʶ֮ܣʮΣӲϷķۡ˭ܲڴˣʿϾѪ֮ƾ跨ͨڵػҽдһʱȴܳá˼״ѹȥ˶ˣˡ
˵֮ʱʯͻȻһƬѺػˡ
µһֻУĻ£ٿȻڳšϨˣõĵػϨˣһʱ֮䣬ȸ
꣬͵Ĵ˭ػƲ

ˣһ̤ػҽ֮Уһһʰйûг
֮УͨӨףǹһɫٲȻһһ𵤡ССֻǳ˯ΪĹ˳Ľ֮ϣɫгһĨɫ̺ƾˡ
ڵػҽ֮°âһһ۾ǡ಻߲ݵйʹһֻ֮͸ĳɫ֮ǰΪļӲ⣬ػҽ֮УʱĴǵǿ
쿪˫ۣսȭͷһɶӰ漴һⲻһ޴ףǳӡһСɵĽ֮䣬Χתţһݡ
ʱһڵػҽеһһɫ׹â鸽һǿʹţһ˫ȭͷʿȴ
ֱǹâֻûѸӰΪһ塣һʵĽȻ֣塣֮£һһȭ˭ڣȭȭͷδӰѳǰͷɶĽſڱһץ˻
ҽһ㣬ֵĹˡһֻ»ᾪɽ
ʲôһȻͺһδֹһ߽ٿȻӵתһ¡־˱ڵػҽʧȥӰ
һе˼˵һıãͬԱһ㡣һᣬһ̱ԼĶ֮УʶƲƲ졣
һе˼ֱ̫˼ˣݽߣǹѱסĵǣδܱ⡣¸Ǻã
ػҽ֮еĳʼֱ£ѭ浸أδʲôӣɵβסҹԼյɡһУΪĿ⣬ʱΪʱӣ
һСѣĹлָġ֮У˫Ųӣֵӡδָʩ˵ʮźãһ°ˣĻԿ
һΪȻ˵˱԰ġ֮֮Ϊã𵤺ڵʿ֮֮˽ڵΪ룬ԪӤ֮£˭˻Ķ֣ߣǶЩ˵ľͷĳЩˣĿʵʵڵΪڳһԿ۵ĵУޣ
ıչضһ˵νһջ񡣶ʹ޴ӱ粵˶ڵ󷨣ʩʩȻ˳ȥ
ȻǰɽƺѺżˣ˫ֳƺɫԶվһˣȻһϲɫĶ˷


522 ֮
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λͬһ˹֣鲻
ŶһתΪֵصͷ鳤룬ޱ顣ȴ΢㵣ֻȴδ˵ʲôֻǣü΢̶Ŀһ꣬˵ɽʱֻǽ𵤳ڵΪôһת۵Ĺ򣬱ǽˣϲɺѽֻͬĳν衣ĪǣҲͬţ
һ۹ƳϾų롣΢΢һЦ˵ǵóԨǰ˵ͬšͬʦҵߣν֮ͬš֮ʣͬͬˣν֮ͬšԸγУ౨ν֮ͬšԴˣһΪȻͬߣ־ͬҲҵͬΪ֮ˣͬƣ޲ѽΪȻ񣿡
˵γУ౨ʱһ̬ݣǹ޵Ц⡣
һ֮⣬ɫһףԷת˵ݰ٣дͽ̣
վһԵĹͣ̾˿ɴ྾źӲ˵ôһŵӣ˽ڵΪʵˡ˱˰˲ӣȴǴԼ˴ǡ
ȴǿߵ䣬һתһ˵ĵ˲ӣڲ˳˿ˣ¡δ䣬̤նȥʹùЩֲæ˹ȥ󺰣ҵ
ԭس䣬һʵкμ̡Էȴҡҡͷʾ˴֮ʧɡ
üһֻתӣ룬˵ȻˣСƬ̣ĳԾ֮꣡
ϸϸһ毺õϺųζЦ̡ͷ˵ã߶ţ
СӣҿԣڳţһЦһóһǬߵĶ˷˵˵Ԫڵе¯һЩҩݣϾ֮ʱһлͷ˵
ŵĹԪڵ֪ϻʲôö˵
һʾⶫ˷ȥȻһЦ˵ϵĲǺöǺǣΪԼĲǱأ롭
ǿһϵݣһڵĶΪСȵʯң֮һӦȫŶڵʯУһѲݵĵӡϥʾԱ㡣
ף󷽵ʵ˼ɺãԷÿɷǣȻһЦ˵пãȴ޴֮
һ̧г̳ӣ˵Ǹˣֻơ
ǰľ̳ӲΪ̥ֱɲʢ֮Ƿ׼վơһЦҡͷ˵伮أ֮ˣԶţϻʡܿܿмˣ˽ɨ㣬ǳְˣΪŵȣˮΪƣ¶Ϊơ֪ƷߣΪƣΪơұʿǻȹȾƣЩкβͬأȤֺڡ
˵䣬϶һɵ˵Ϊɰٻ֮¶ɣζаٻ֮㡭
Ǻǣ鲻ȴֱֻ֮ͼˬѣһǺЦһץ̳ӣԹ׹ȥʶдЦСӣɣ
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³һھһЩĴŶԷʵ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ˣҪפ֮ѰЩʲôʱܶŮ˵˼һʵʲôפ֮
㲻̹˵𣿡Щֻ˵ȷʿеġϾ
Ͼǡ˵أиɵ𣿡һͿˡʮ꣬˶Ͼһб˲ͬǷëϴ衢̱Ԫʲô˵أ
˵ϾϽֲ֮פ֮ãֱ֮Ϊ˵أϾϽϲһأੲš
ǵ֮ȴʿǷΪɵҩֲԼģʼղ̬һסգЩȻ⣬ԼǱ˵̥ǵģ
ΪΪ飡СӵģɲÿȡЦ
һԻ֮ʣɫһ塣Ц֪ɾеõٺöֺαز˽أ
Ц£һ˵ɾʳϾ֮á
֪Էפδϲε˵ɾٿֺδȥѰϾأ
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ӦòǸԹˣ˷˵Ǻ⣿һüͷԷ˵뵱꣬Ϊһѳɽţʦֲ볽Ԩʦˣµ㣬ſޱȣԹӲд²գңΪ˱塢ʶ壬ʱóɾţʹ޳ԪӤʹڵ³ʱգɽδָұصԶ
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ʶԷרעһªľ̳ӣĻ£ּ˵ʶϵǲҪǽͬŹĪɣգѡ
˵ɤߵ䣬Ȼֹǰ֮ཫ۹Ӿ̳ƿŵЦݿֻǣǣһ˿֮⡣
㡭ŭһȴǰڰ֣һ޹˵԰ֻ꣡һ䣬㷽ŵĻǱ⣬
⡭ϲһʻ£˵ҷԣΪ롭
ǺǣȻ佫˵꣬һǺһЦ˵תؾѾ
ֻһƪйԪӤĸΪβܽأΪҵȵһЩ봧Ħ֪ԪӤΪĸͬʹĪδ֪οҼΪͬΪͬš˴Ʋᡣ毺õϾʵ飬һ˫Ŀﲻһ˿飬ֻͱ˵ơ
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ȽóǼ٣ҵȻʱǰֻ֮ŵͷһ̳ӣǳɲֻټһѻ˵ջ
˭ϣƳһ̧ͷûһ˿Цݡֱ䣬һһ˵Ŀ˼λˡ
ͷһ⧲֮£ʧʵ˭


523 ƲԹ
ĻϲӣĹӣΪϲֳ뱰޳ܵԪӣ
˵仰һץǰһ̳ӣ顱ڣһ£ɫ԰׵䣬˵ʮ꣬ԪӤ϶ҽᵤ֮ʱְ㣬ΣǿɴеõƬֻ֣˵ĺã˾һߣҾһɣ˻һڣһǽƽ֮ˣǱҷϡ
ߣģءʱơ
һ㷽ŵĻǺ⣿㲻ɣ˲ؽٲɣĪӭɽĴⲻɣҲ಻סȻ
Ů˷緭찡Сӣ鷳ˡڿЦȴѣŮŭȴˮйŹ֡
һ߶ץžֹ̳һھƣų˵ؼ䣬ҪΪļ٣ΪǻΪܾİڲĪ⣬ҵǲʲޣɻҪ˰ڲ˭ֻԸء
Աһпһֽ˵ǷֱйϡһǸˣţʧҪ黳Ǻǣ˸ûһֺ˾ƣȴްֵЦ⡣
֮ǰ߶ĺôһΪҵıͽϲ㣬ŴľԶ˵£֪˼ԵɣĻ涸תߵҷ˵һӣ֮ŵͱ֮ƽȻ෴һ㵣Թ˻˵֪便˵
һ£Ӧתһһۣ˵ʱգ㶨ȼ֮ˣ˴ʺ˪ֵʲϷԣҪ棬ʧ㣡
һϯĪĻ˵꣬侹תȥ꣬ȥ磬ʹ޴Ӧԡĸһɴ˼һȴûͷ
Ů˵ʹףɷһһȻһмЦ󣬱нɤ𣺡ǫ棬ʱӿɽӣ
һмĺһЦҪŮӵĻҪŲ˵𣬡Ҫ桯ֺαأмǣŮ棬Կһ㣡
ôͿŮӵϤһʵЦһ˵ˣʲôħδⲻһССŮްˣǰ˵δ棬˵δʵΪĵϸڡʵ⡭֪
ǱԼĻƽȥˣ̲סˣһ˾̳ӱԴԲϰݣŭǸ಻ԵĶǶĶŻȥĥģЩͰȴ᱾ĩҪĥһͲǸˡ
ڴŴһСĵ˵ֻᣬԴ
ߣŪˣСӣ㳤ٰĥĶһƲƲ죬˿
ⲻԶ˵Ͱ֪ͺã档

ͬʱĵУƾлһö䳤뱻ɫȴǳˮһϤӰתȥԷ֮һЦҡҡͷ
ֻǰ֮˿ʹȴ֡ףο򲻴
еǶеǴ£Ǩֻͣ·Ըɫ糣ʹŻ˽ŵӡǰı䣬˵뵱˽ɵ£ֺյ鷳ȴִˡ
ֱЦ֮˵ǷհһԶĽͬǳ֮֮
Ԥȡ֮֮һյĵɽ֮䣿𲻴ʣȴǵ˼ΪȻʣк
žе˵ŵλˣҵɽ͡䲻ʵŴ˾ٺ⣿
ӹȻ˵֮գڵɽ̸۵漴Ȼת˵ʱҽʿҪڳ
Ǻǣ֮ⲻھƣֳڣʵΪ°ַ׵𣬲ΪЦЦ

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˴ϼεй֮ȤֲʧΪ޵ĺڡ˵ľԶһ׿ȺƵƽȡ
ǰĶǵ֮͵Ůӣò绨ֹšһİȹ֮ãԳ֮⡣ָǲԶһĶǶ˾жžƺ«Цģ
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Ǻǣĵ޷ΣδɽˮһǺһЦľԶʣд˰㾳磬ʹĪ䣬Ϊоɣ
дˣһΪҡҡͷǰ˲ϲƣֻöϽ«ʱʱСһڣСľԶǿЦֹ֮
ˣڵΪǽᵤֺαԷƱأһ˵
ӻ˵ʦᵤ£Ϊศɣȱһɡδ˵꣬һŶһЦݲʵҲǽأ˱̽ǲй
£гһʱ֪
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˲ϰݰһҡҡͷɫһʵŵҪ
ȣľԶ˼һԴΪУ˵г̸۵֮٣ͬɽӡ֤Ϊŵˣ
֪ŵ֮һϽ«һ׽Ц⡣Ī⣬ľԶʵʲôף
ǺǣЦһһҡҡͷδ˵ʲô仺̧һԵʯ֮ϡо壬ããƺ⵭ԶͷĳΨǴǣ

һĶͱ֮ϣǰǿССɽƺһɣйʯݣһؼǰߵأľԶ̸Цͽܶ˷˵Щϵ顣
µʱƺߣǱۣ֮һĬĬžƣ棬ƲԹ

ʦĶ˷ΪרעмӶиǰ֮һרΪһˣڵԲ¡
ͽܣôǸŵؼֲʧˡһһȹ̵ĸӦһõǰ;ñʧ˷ӴʱЩʶһ˽ķƪƪڣõһЩӸ˶Է
һδķԪӤƪڡǳ˽ģҪĻˡˮ䱾˶ûȥĥԼͽܡ


524 һ̬
һճɽԡڳ֮¡
ϣʯϾһҹһ˫ۡؼӿʹͷһδǷƺлعüͫ΢ֻɲǣ漴Ȼ˵
ʱೣ㣬ڷƶ˾֮Ϣ컯֮
ǣһת֣ƵЦ̧СĸᲢۣˣ
һԶֶʱǰʹһֱǸ֣ʹ˲Сѽ
Ǵ˸кһҲһֻƺֽ˵ŵͬáһʱڵ̨֮۵ж֮㣬ʿЯͬȥ
һЦЦ˵֪һɣֺأ
۹б˵ŵĸ˲ֺǣһ˵ǣڵĳϡ
ǺǣлĹգһɫɣûԷ֮⡣תʵݴֹһλ֣ɱŵԪӣʹ˾ȣ֪
ߣһƽܵһֱ̱סһ׶һ
ͷͻһһɫ䣬޹ҡҡͷ䲻αɫת
ĸһĸ֣˾һ˵һ١ĸ˵ܴ裬ͷ䡣ἰ£̫ˣ
Щ飬ֲ֪һĻȻȥ
һأԴԭأƬ̺üͷŭԭɲѲ²⣬鷴޳ЩԴȡŵĻ⣬ȴֲ⡣
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ѰͷһϣȫסһԲˣ˷Ҫһͬȥ塣ΣʶĺûᣬӦЯһͽܣΪʦߵӦ֮塣
СӣƵطˮǳû˼ỹ߰ɣʼį˵
ˮǳҼˣǼʶĸˣʲôõطȥ˵Ŷ˷Ĺһ˵˻
ߺȣһаûط۸ˣСӣ㵨ǰɤŸŵ˵֪ĵطȥˣ˵ǰ˵⣬Ϊ̫Щ飬ֲ֪
ǲԼĻЩ죬֧£ɴ಻ˡһ仰˵һޣһδʹ⣬Ƿɽ£ֱޱȵķȥ
Ϊ˽Ժһʶɴ˰Ѱ˷ʱ򣬲δڶԷĶмӰת㽫ʶɢ˭ϣ֮ΣЩϡ

ڣļ滨ݡĵرޱȣڵıأŨб𴦲ϡҩݡ
˴ԭųıչ֮أѰ˸֪ôһȥɵ֮ҹƧɽȱΪ˵ǳĵطֻΪѰһЩݵҩݶѣʱˣżܲһֻݻޡ
ʶޱǶ˷һط뵱ǧ֮󣬺òɽȴֳûĺӡ˰ۣ۸Щǵ£ûʲô˭治ˣʦͷأ˵˶ӹšһ˵һپ٣һ
ʦڻɽˣ˷ٸüʦ˾ǲһʯȱǰ˵ɤˣֱͦˡõһ֮࣬㵽ޱȲζҩ֡
˷Ǹɵ֮ˣ˵ޱ棬ֵһġޱȴգժ˼ҩ֮󣬱ϻȥ˭ϣڿգ㱻
ʱδɢȥƧɽһ磬˷λ˵ιȥ·
ҵӵҩݽϷһ桭˵λߣŽ𵤳ڵΪһԵڵʿʧʱظ͵Ļ֥ɽֵܶȿ
λǰֻ˲ժҩݣδǿ֮¡οҵȽΪͬţιۣڹڣ˷ѲǵǸٲµĸӣ漴ǰһСƱǿòοޱȵͬڵĺԺӦû˸طѰ¡
Ϊĳڵĳϣ㽻ҩݣȺáӣұ󲻾֮ߣڹڣ㶨һĸܣ߰ڳļƣͱˣʿһĵ⡣
˷֪ƣȴ޿κΡҧóһǬЦ˵çײˣλǰմ㽻ҩݣ֪ǰɷȥ
˷ӣ߲мغһ˵ŲϷ򣬲ʣתʦϷȱ
֪ʦ˷һԷЦĶԶ벻֪Ѱֻǣ㻹ûзıǮϷβˣ
˷ɫһ䣬еǬˡͦţһ֣˵ʦһҪżβͣЦڣţյҪǬ֮䣬ҵƵаⱣ
˷Ǹģһϯ˵ٴ죬Ҳş̌ٳɽƴļƣȴһοھ
һڵСƾʲô󣿴֮󣬶˱衣ȱ룬֮ʱɫһ䣬ֻһ紵ͻȻһӰˣ˺ʦôˣ
˴岻һķ˵תŶ˷һۣͷʾ߰£ĵʦʦĿǼʱһֻ˼ҵġˡ
һ
֮òΪᣬȴǵģȻ֮£߽סһ㡭ǽڵΪ
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һĻУûɣĮȻһμߵʱ򣬻ȥɾ;Сʱ֣Դһ˽֮˴˱δ档ʮȥˣѱǵֳˣ۸ͽˡ
һ
žž
ͨϡǰ
ʿڵˣǼһģէһ˵ǰⲻʧȴǰһ˷ɳȥԶˤڵءŸߺǰԵߡ
㡭ΪδͽܣȱŭʡһΪ˵۸ͽܣѰ֮ǰȻҪͽοСĿ𳤣Բѷͽ䣡
ܰԵţϲĴЦշ磬ԿЦʱͻȻһ٣תʵСһ̬㲻롭


525 ̨
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һԵĶ˷ʹ죬ĳ֮£鲻Խǰ˼ٲȻͬļƣ
ԼͽܻӶں߲ŲһȱɫЩѿתӣƬ֮󣬳һ˵ŵǣϣֺ֮ϼɽռΣйؼͶɽһ޹أһ˲֪νҪȥΪס𣿡
˻ϼɽռңռҽá˷ܵѵԭɱһˣʦǣ
ᡱһһڵϣ˵ǺǣһСˣһʹ桢Сˣűǻ
Ҷֲɣȱ۽һ˵ǲȥ̨δ˵꣬ǻһٿȻԶȥͽˣߺʦԴæ˹ȥ
ԷȺȥ˷Щˣæѵʦ
Сӣ㷽һǹڣֻŻ˵İɣŴ֡
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ǺǣһΪЦһڿն𡣶˷ҵæʦһȥ

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ǰʮɴС̨֮ϣʮʿΪطţ˴ʮԶߵ˶һЩǰžжֱǵĸ䣬ԼĸĸλʿʮڵʿľԶ䡣
ߵԶŸˣΪԪӤֳӣŹӣλ𵤺ڵĳϣӡʩΪߣˣȴƾ˵ΪֶΣԺɨš
ʱδһĸǽĿΪΪ𣬲ò֮һҡҡ֣˵λãҵɽ±ҡֳֵӵֶͽ̲ǰ
۾ֳӺǺһЦ๰˹֣˵֮أǧ󣬸ʤʢ˹֮۲ŴԣᱲֹԼ̸̨۵ӡ֤ΪǡʱǺǣ
⻰˵˽ܶˣǶƳ籸
ֳӴüĿģ͸ͣûжĸͷһϯ˵꣬ڵȻػ֮ʣѵ¶һ˿ЦƣǺǣ
ҵɽɽƧûöλˡһġٻ¶԰ζ֮¶һ귽ζǰ뼸λƷı⣡²ΣóһΪʾ
ŵļλ飬ֳѺǺЦƷ̷ƣʵΪƽ£
ֻյǰִ㣬һƵ㣬֮֮ʹһ
Ƶյƾշȥֱŵλϡɼٻ¶ǼΪѵõĺþƣԼ᲻áΪˣǶȻ˵Ĵ󷽡Ȼ˲ۡ
Ǻǣٻ¶һſôһ롪յ롣һ俴Ļȴڵʢ龡࣬ɼоֹĬ
һֳִյ£֮󽫲оһŷҡͷ̾ʧˬǻζ֮ٲ֮ãٻ¶νʵǺǣþưӵ˱оƣǷ׷׳޲ѡ
һ˺ƤţͬǺͺˡһʱ֮䣬̨֮ڡ
˰յֳֿ˼䡣۹ӹڵˣŻ˵ƣζν֮ζν֮бǣʶ̸۵Ϊұдӡ֤֮һԵڡ֤֪֮֮֮֮ΪҵȸپĿš
ĴģֳӲΪߵһˡȴ˵ǫõĻʹ˱г⡣Ļлһ˼ʱˣǿʼɣ
ȻĪǣԷⲻΪĳˣڵʱֲͣüͷ̨֮ϣȱʦͽˡ
ȱɫЩæңǰʦʩ֮ѳٳδֹʧ룬ɺͳ
𷢻ˣŵ˲ö໰ڵ˸ҿ̨ϾΩеϢ
ݵʵ飡ȱί˵ͽŵù˵ϡһ˵ȥ£ƽϣ
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ǵӱ衭˲һôǣص»δ˵ֱ꣬һȴϡ
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Цһʿڵɽ۸ˣ˭ôı£ⲻǵŵѿȱûһɫ˾˵ĵط
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ȱôˣƽʱܽһˣôղʱ˵çײⲻڶûԷҪ˵ʲôֹʦܣҪΣû˸ڵĵӣο㱾˱ŵĽ𵤳ϡ˵һ룬ȴͣͬʱϵ˽̧ͷȥֻ£һ붫˷
ûΣһǸĺĶˣɱڵ֣Դɱƽɱҵʿ˫Žվһö˷һԣ𹰹֣˵յҪΪָ
һһ꣬ޱ˵ŵĸã̸۵ʱл˵٣
ȱͷ㻹ǳ⣬תȴֶ˺Ժƫ̻
˵ɫÿȴת࣬ڳ˽Կ֪һ˫֣۹бһЦΪˣһеĸˣƷи֮ˣ⼸λǸ𣿡


526 ۵
һĻ䣬һƬȻӵɫʱӼλʦͬʱüͷľˮֳ޹⣬ֻų룬һ˿εĿЦ
Ȼбһз۾˵ȥһ°ɣ
ҲλģѰֹġһΪĻӵ˵ջĿָ֮ȱ˵ҵͽܶ˷ȥޱȲҩʱʦͽ˺ϻ۸䱻ȽϵĶ֮ʦͽأԲϰݣҪˡҼʱϵطͽ类˴ڵˡ
˴һ˵Ƕ˷ҵͽܱϸ裬ùһԨǰĵףһڹĺˣҪƽ޹裬ʵ˲ް˵乫
УޱУ㲻裬ҪɱˡĿڹ棬ɱͬšȱŻ˵ˣٴα˴ϡͷίҪ⣬ȴֲòտڡ
ߣһɱͬţ㻹ܻ˴𣿡ѵȱͬʱɨһ˵ǽڵΪȴв𵤺ڵǿʦͽ˼һ಻Ƕ֣ΪԼĹǸ
⡭ȱͷһתһԷûĬĬ˵˼ת䣬æ˵ʦ֣çײ˴ˣ˴Ҫ˽黳
СӣԸóˣʱ˵ˡһ̾һصûУѰ۵ʱĩ˲ŷûɽ
֢ˣѰ˼ۣοû˸мغһ
ٴδԼһתȱ˵Ժͽи̣Ӧ֪³ʲôҵռҵйⲻȴִź⣬ʹöԷ˼ɵ
Сѣѵһβ˵˵أֳӳŻᣬڻǳˡ֮ʱ򿪿˵һȻֳǰ۵Ǹ÷ִŮӣʱһ˵ģίºͣ
ŮƱ䡢αţš
һڻصŮӴһԹٿôΪġ
ƨſڶ˻
һǳʾǺǣԼǣԷδЦǰ˼ֳ˵һɥˣ۵ʲôʱһ鵶ˮһĿЦ
һ׵ѣֳɫ糣ǺһЦ˵ʱգʲɫ಻Ⱦˮɣˮ಻ۡд˰㾳磬Ω뾳ӣգ
£һЦȡ壬ˮľʧȥԭˮ°ˡԴ۵թһĿɶ񣡡
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Сӣ˰ɣڿЦ
Ʋ죬һ˵ʮ꣬ǵȻ
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ǺǣһЦҡͷ˵̸۵ηǣţС֮Ҳģ
һС֮ҲģôݺһСʿƨδϴɾװģǲ֪ߵغʹģɿ
һĿģǲ˼ĿһСһʿȻһԪӤʿŭʹԷȴһ಻ڼΡⶼһʱôҪʲôһԵ䰵£ͷĪ
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һȻûжֳӴԻԣȴ൱Ĵ󵨡־ţֻ˷δز֮زز
ѭȥλ𵤺ڵĸ֣ŭĿԲģӸŭɶվ¡һһ°̧˵϶û㣡
һֳӹ֣˵λǰ֤ڴˣл˼ҷŵһ̻壡Ե۹ۣǳڴΪȻ
ֳӼ׹һָƵݴȴ֤֮⣬֤ҽղκη಻κεķͨұԼһ˫ȭͷһ϶Ӧս𣿡
̨֮ϣһס˴ϢһһڵʿȥսһѾõĽ𵤺Բĸ֡Ҫ֪ڻСɡɡԲ֮֡Եƣ÷÷ǺĿ
ﾫ˸ĬĬһһıӰǿʲôɽյһУԤϣֻǣµ״ֻΣĿԴ任˸񣬰Ȼֻɫ¶飬Ƕĳ˼ΪĲ
ܣû˳ָһţŭЦ˵ΪʿĪҪЦȻΪӣ͸֪֮ĪҪ¿ԣ
ս˲ɣһǺ˼ʩչֵĵطˣŻӣ˵գһǳֿȭԱ㣡˳Цһ۸һ֮ˣ
Сӣ㡭úһλʦ֮󣬶ʮ겻ټٴط꣬ѲǵǸСˡ
Ҫ֪һڵʿڴĵһţһСӣΪԼĳӲˣôˣû𣬵ɽֵһɹ̸۵ߣʦֳӵԵʣʱ˵ҪˣϷ۵Ѱ裡
֤÷ͨƾΪ࿹һΪֵõ𣿡˵ֳӡһľֹ⣬Ǵżɻʵ
ŵʱҳԵĿΪüһ˵ţֵµıˣĿҽձҪԼ˫ȭ֤Ǭһϯ˵ġ˷ľԶˣΪ۷кá
벻ɫһ˼ֻ뿴һճԷűг𣬽յ˵ЩȴʧΪ¡ֻԼֳϣ㲻ǵڶӣǸѱ˰
ఴ಻סԽô˵汻ƣɣ޴档̨϶ˣתֳ𹰹֣˵ȻڵֵȻǲҵλ֤ⳡ֤δֳʱκ˲ò裡


527 ֤
ӻ䣬ֳӿڵˣǺЦ̵ΪΣ
һûʾµ˼㲻ÿɷ˵֤⣬ҲĿԴ
ζصͷֳӳӷԸȻˣʿɶֹһ˵䣬ԷԸֻա
һűĬⳡνġ۵Ǹ˳Щͷǳϴ˵Ը
СӣǸŵֳӣһֱΪϷʱڿ˽ô㣬³˵Ĳͣʶ˼϶ҪԿˣֻҪЦأӷй⣬ֻ»кжԸ㡣ʱ˿̣ÿһ˶۶࣬ɱඣδԳںš
ԻСģһһ󣬺ǺЦӣ˵϶֤ţ˵Ľأ
ߣƿСֶʲôѰ°ˡӲмһ
ڰ֣²ͣһε˵ǽ۸㣬֤˫ȭ㡭
˴һʮ֮ڣٿȻʧֻ̨֮÷𣬽űǡ顢顪졣
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ߣȭͷѽĵֺڣĪǿ֮ɵסԷȭͷ󶨣סЦ
С˲ϣڲ񣡽֮£ﲢ޶£ʶҵУǾӴС֮һԷڵ֮ʱ˫ۺʹһѸȫ˫ա˫ü۱һ㣬㣬͵ش߬ȭͷЮźХķٴ˹ȥͬʱһӰȻı
һƺȻһ䣬˷һ׺һ˫ȭǴ޴ӵֵɱʹļµӰءһҵǰ
ͷ΢㵣⣬СʩչľǡķΪƾһ˫ȭͷ뺳Ϊɣ
ΪǿӲδһߺܡһӭȥΪԷƵʱֻ顪һ죬һȭͷѽʵʵڹ֮ϡ
ʵʵһȭɽʯѸͶ׺
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ߣܲҴְɣڲŲæ֮־ɫٿȻһΪһסβһ뱻ץݺһ
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һ״˵ǰʾ֣ûʩչûκεķֻͨǿȭƴļơѸһӰԲ׽׺ȭƲɵʹó˽Ϊ֮𾪡
ôһʮµʿÿÿնɱΪͬڸֵΧǽҰ
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ŵĹӡʩɫصģȻͷ̫ʡһԼϣʮ˶޿κεһˣǿǶôһˣƲֹ۰
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ʱӣǿ಻ԡΪǿѹԷһͷϾǽѵľءɶСֻǽڶѣᱬڽ𵤺ڵΪأ÷ͨ尡һ˫ȭͷǷһ˫ȭͷʤͨ˵ʲôˣôȥԿֻԼʱɶҪˡ
ߣСӣֻ
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˴֮ǰԼˣȻѡ̨˿ףǷɽѴ̵һǰ
𵤺ڸֵ͵ϮȻѷȻ֮ʣֻһһǰųű˫üɱŭ𣺡϶޳ܡ
͵Ϯδ๦һȣҪٻطɽѰԲ֮ʱͻһͷһݱҪ˺һٿȻ
һѽɫķɽϵƣʹ޴Ӷܡ
ڶԷȭͷ֧ţٳȻˡ⾿˭͵Ϯ˭
Сзʧɫӣһɶ񡱱ȥǷɽâʢҵķ֮ƣ㵽ǰ
֮ʣǿгܣȴѪ֣һضϱ۷𡪡
һҺУұϡʹ֮£ңֻ̱֮ʣǡ䡪һܱ飬һȭͷźХķ˹
˵Ŀ죬һȭͷ죡
һȭӵؿϣһĵڶȭֵˣǿɽʯȭ顢顱㽫ҷɳ˰֮Сʲô𵤺ڵĸ֣۷ͨԲҵĵ֣͵Ϯҵȵıһ̣
һȭʮɸߣڶԷĲҺѪУһӰζʱ˸ߺСѣס֡Ȼһȭȥ
顪һǻѪͬһʯͷݺ˵档
ôȥúõһ˱㱻ˣһûᣬȲѵֳӣͻȻԭʧȥӰ
״ɫһ䡭


528 
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ֳӱŻѵӻصԭذԼĵӷµҩƣδ˷µλŸ֣תۼ佫Χ˵䡣ǻļƣֹɣ˴˼ΪĬ
عңڵԵЩãȻΩԼһվȴͬЩ޴롣Σɵ¡ϣаȴĺţУ䷨ɽȻ
һȭ˵棬һûн˻ͷɵҪǿʱֻһǸѱֳڼ䲻ݻ֮ʾˣ
ͷֵʱ򣬺ߣһ˿ĲޣһΡӰɢȥΩнͷšһɤԿ䣺Сӣ֪ĺôɣڳκһˡֻΪβɱˣֻһأ
˵ĲѳΪԽĴڣɱӿν׾١ֻǣ֮٣ڻȡþգ̲
һδ˵ʲô˫վ֮󣬵۹ӹȱʱ򣬶ԷͷȥȻǲнʿɫ˼־η
յһνǴͷڵΪһѾõųûл֮һۡ˭ƣ׺Ե˫ȭ˶ݣ
ľԶɫȻһʾ⡣˷ǶȺƵƵ֣üɫӡ
ֱӺ򸾶ˣһ۹ֳӵ˵ϡϱѽƴ׵֮תǷϲ˫һɣ಻˵һ仰ܼؿǿԵĿʹзŭ
һιԶţ÷ʦܣ֤Ҳ˵һŭݵĹӡΪŵţʱе޹⡣ʩɫﲻʹ졣
һ˫ʮվ˵λʵĺã÷͵ϮȺιӶ³˾ȡĪԱ֮ʩɼѭűˬ£̧°˵ȰĪ£Ӧгˣߣ
ôһĳʹù޴ӱ粵ɫѿŭһԵֳһ˵ƣ˴ˡСѣΪȻ񣿡
ֳӻƽָһ̫ص˼ɫɣȴǼŭӡһۺ󣬱˴ֻֻǣɫвɡȻʱϵѲΪƿءһкΧһڼšˣȻһ
ǺǣǰԣΪȻʦͽʮǰһеʼٸߣߵڰ׶ǷǣΪһ˽Ҫɱ˵Ļɥʧһۣ
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ŵĹǲʵŹһ˵Ӱеȴݲ޸ϵʱһָ𣬴ȥ˵ǡ
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һҪΪڵĽ𵤳ϣĪҪһһУӻȻ˵ҵȳĳ̸۵ȴ޶ڵ裡ĪҪȻΪ𣿡
˴ӼΪ߿תֳֳӹ˵ʦֹŵĺʩվŭӡ
ֳ޷ŵЦݣ׽͸Ŷˣ鳤룬˼ҪưµʿɶֹСӵľֹʧִ磬㾿ҪôУǰѽ𽣲װ
һأڵļƣǸС΢ˡԷŭŵˣ˿η塣
ż˵鿴ɵüͷԹһǿ͡˭δ˵꣬Էͳ˹˵̧ⳤƻջأ¹Ҹ˳ԹȻ޹ء
ǰδȥӡʱ˿̣һʵѲѲ²⡣ɫʱһſи㣡
Ҳ˵ǷǷǣһܲŵɽ˺ƤɣźãɫһΪָŵֳӵˣ˵ҵĳҾڴ˴˭бˣۣһԵڣ
ˣ˵ˣһԪӤʿ𵤺ڵĸ֣ȻܺġʶһĻ˵֮Զԡ
һçײЩɴһԸȥˡŵĶԹ޹أ޹أȻһϯ˵꣬һ𹰹֡ԷĥʲŻеĺ壬ϵؼĬתֳ˵λڿ˵һȡŵĹǿЦ֤֤𣿡
Ŷֳһһ˵˵شţά١Ȼƶǣ
ֳӵ˼ǣף½ԵɣȻһᷢأ֮⣬һ֤û֤ݣűԩ㣬Σ
ǺǣЦһһö˹ȥ˵˫ۻ軨ѷֲ٣
һ֤ݲɣǺ֤ݣĪĿԽ⿪ŵ׮ǧ깫޲ȻֳԳ£ֳ˶ʱȻ֮С
ߵ任˸в졣һеķѳԤϣΪƿء뽫һ𣬲ɾžȾָŷһ޴ӼԦ͹ֳӣͬ͹һɷѿŪⳡ̸۵ֻǱˡ
Ϊλȱʧûһĳȣֳʧʵ
üһʣżαΣ
ǧ֮õ򣬶α죡ƽֳӣӾ˸һ£ɫ֣࣬ʵʦԪУҪȱʧԽ󣡡ֳӻ䣬ӵǴʧɫһˣĿɿڴģʦ


529 ƾɢ
Ĩȥˣһޱص³һ䡣ֳӵ˵ľ˳ɱȻĽ
һֱˣɫ졣ԴˣһȻ˵룬ʦĵ֮в֮ɣҴԪʦһ֮𣿡
һ׳ö򣬷ֱΪԪµģԪԪ۵Ԫˡйص֮Լȥ޶;ԱĨȥˣֳӵʧ̬ö򣬱²һ̡Ī˵²͸еֳϳɾͬΪ˻
ź룬ɫţֳӻǽеӵ˴ġ֮ͬһ£ȻǺǺЦվһʩһ񡣺ȴ죬̬δ
Ǻǣ˵СѲ֮ˣϷҪΪյĹʧǸû뵽һͬŵԨԴ°
ֳǴеǿߣһ١ٶһΪⱾ͸żֹ졣ԪӤʦֳһʩǸһͷԡϵԼɫеǣʹһг˱
ûԼֳӲΥ裬ؿ˿ѻϤһеĹӣţǹֳһ˵֡ʦܡ
ǺǣЦвŲζεļˣһǡ
һһ飬ֳӲΪ˵ʲ˿ڳʦԪʦɼԨԴģһɸΪ񲯣ͬƣνǡʱѽ
ʦϷˣһи֮룬֪СѿɷӦʣֳӲݷ˵׳һƣֵŵĳƣ⣬ֻ֮á⡭
Ʈһǰ䡣Զ˪һԲȴ̾һǰͬ鱻һƣ˵㲻ת۱ҵɽɡ
ЩȻһҡҡͷǻ˼ˣûһǺģƬֽ̣ƽɫΪ֮һֳӵĻ𡪡
⣬ɷȱʧ֮أѴ˵º
ֳӲŸһȵΪ˵Ź䣬˵Ŵ棬ǲĶԹȴֱӵе©̵Ŀв⡣
δ˼һͷмƽϣ˵˰ɱ˺ɽڵĹұĪ빫ұƽһὫʦ֮棡ԴҪЮ⡣˵źڣ¹һ׮ǧǣһЩΪ֪Ķ²ҪԴһ˵ζһĪĻԵ
һһȥɽڣԣֵֺùأò˵ڴʱһԡ͸ŲȴֿȵذοֻҪѰ˽䲻෽Ķ԰꣡
գ֣һѰɽڵ˵䡣һҵֻһ֮ѣԹ˽ᣬΪźðǺǣǴһ׮ףֳӵ鲻ó˵ﴫϷʶӡǡ
ﴫʿʶӡǣſԱ˴˴ѶԴˣһİֳеӶƳһأϥڵϵӣֽĿӹһԵ˵һл˵
̨֮ϵˣ޲עһһһǹǳЦﲢһ˿Ц⣬üͷֳȴǺǺһ֣Ϊȵ˵лڵ桭
źҲǳָ˵˵꣬һֳӣڳĵģ
Сӣ㲻ɱǸӵ⣿һֱĥһﻰĺ壬ð첻˵βסˡ
಻ȻɱӹȻˬ죬ֻҪٴˣһص
Ǻǣ󲻻и𡭡ĺǺЦ
ΪߣһһȻЦģ׽ĶСǸ˾
ǸΪĲһ༥
ԣԹ壡СʿļķۣʮĹȡ
湻ϵģʮ֮ǰںηһһ䣬ʶбٴû˶ֳ˵ˡ
ƣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᰡοӱǰģϷ
һüͷֳӳһԵεҡҡͷһתʵſ䳤ϵ֮⣬ټʯ
λǰֵ˭һʵֳһ˵˲Ǵʿҵ䲢ʶ
ӵҼ£ԸΪ֮һӹŵĴһʶӡֳ֮ӣٴȥ
⡭ֳ漴תԸùһǬЦԹһʹΣ
ȡ˶ԷʯһÿɷƲƲ졣
ʦĵ֮أӦ޶ĳǺ޼ʣҵȿѰѽСѵֻѰúɽڵ˵ټ֮Īҽ֮Լͷ󶨵ֳӣһӦʣֳ˵а˼ˣҵȸ֮ʱ
ֳӵĵɽ֮УһһԵأ̬򷽣ͷȴⲻʧȺľԶ˷ڲЦ̡ˮ˫֣˵һŵǷˣĸοʲ֮£ڻȫԸ
˴͵ģֵһ汾һŸˡʣʱһߣСѵһĪʧѽ
ʱһٲȻڵĵˡ̧٣ֻù˫ʵʵһ֪֮ˡ
ϵʼս˫ۣһ޶ԡɻѪ˲ɽʱ۽Ǽ鶯ʹǷߺ޵Եʣö֪
򸾵ɣԼһǵȻ飬ֳӲغǺһЦת̤ն𡣽űǼ֮ȥ
˰̨֮ٴαð
˾ɢȥȴһ̨ľͷɽ䱳ֶƮƮ˰Ȼ
һЩ²͸˼ɴ಻ȥᣬ̨֮ӡ쿪˫ۣοڶµؿԶӿƮȥ緽Ƿǹལһ㣬öʵš
ؿڴĵϣһǳǳѷΪĿӵķɽΪ裬ȴǴһϵۡ룬ѵĿӾ޲Ϊ졣֪Ϥϵѥ֮δ̫⡣ȥȥ֮Уʹǻڡ
һڻСѽԹ˵һ䣬ת


530 ʯ
һɽϮĺڷס˰ȴڲסԵ˫һͣ˽Ųȴδ˵ֻҡҡͷ
״˫ۣƬ̺˵Ӧűڵĳ⣡
һһƲ̨ıԵ˵Գϣ˱Գϴ֮֮񰮣ʹ»ְ̿תЦһ˵ڴɽУ֪κΣ
һĻ⣬üͷ£˵ǵñһ𣿡ԷӦ˵ϵ۶ݡõУȴ⣬ǵڶˣ
ȥɾ֮ǰڵġݡǰʢһƾŹ˵ֱۣ֮ʱһ֮ǼµȻǣֻ˽ᣬȻָ
Ѱ·бʱļַɣ㵱ʱ̫ۣΪĥ·ɴ벻ǣŵĴУǳټķ粨㣬ѳڵĳɾͣη𾹸п
һ˼˵գн磬࣬˹Ŀ࿴ΪˣиϣǴ𵤺֮ʱһὫ֮λഫ
۹һ£Զδ̾һ˵̣̱꣡޵֮ˣɴ֮ģӦʱΪȻһڲļҰ
֮飬֮ʾ֮һϯνࡣһȴȻζģ䵭һЦ˵ΪƣζԹֻ밲ѡ
ʱһüʶ£ʵɽڵĹұɵȥΪΣֳǰԴ˲⣬ĪȵΪ֪
Ŷüͷѵ˵֮У˭˸ȥһԪӤʿڹұɵ䡭Ϊأ
ΪһЦҡҡͷɵ˵㰲ĵȴǣԻǲĴ̽
ǺǣΪɽڻǣһǵеĲ²⣬ĲΪȻһ̸δԸв죬صΪڴɽУ֪
һƮ𻺻ڿն𣬲һ䡪
Ϊʿ֪Ϊ֮
ڴɽУ֪
̨֮ϣһȻáδ뵽˽ŵĻֻͬһ仰㲻ͬ壡ָһ£һָˣ

Ķ֮ڣһǰżö򣬽Թ͵⡣λĸȣй֪֮١ϾʱһЩ֮صĵ伮в档
ͬΪɡνɽ֮֮Ӣ֮˶ɡһûô๤֣䷨żǵˣõʱ벻ĵرҪϤ¼ĸֽʯ伮֮ͼʵ֮£ʯ˼ֵ֪
һĴָСĽ֮Ϊ𾫡Ʒɽ֮鿴ѰĺɫʯͷΪʯ֮ʹɽΪķɫʯͷͬ鵺֣ҿⷿӦýĸʯ֮ƻһĶ
һϲʱָɫĽʯ֮ԭԵϡŹֵĶİóһȭͷСĺɫȴ¶ɫ
ǽֳأʯ¼ĵ伮֮Уûص¼ʶУ澹ǿ鶯֮ɾеԪ֮һʱ˱治Ȼ
Ź֣⾿Ǹʲô
óһΪô߽ˣδȥĥʱļʶѷͬȴŪڸĿ
ȤеõģһΪ֪Ķ뿪ɽ֮;ɣջʱ򣬲ƹһľ֮ڸΪٱ֮
֮һҡͷôùȥˣĽˡȥЯĽʯ֮ͻȻĪ֮
ʶôһ̸ˡɸ˲Щ죬ʵϵûʲô㵹˵仰
ͬʱ֣֧һ˵⡭űǣ˵ջô
в֪ĶһЩʧһм˵һ顮ʯˣŶûõʯͷʲôֵ÷ϻġ
ʯǺǣǼʶ㰡ʣкôһæ׷˵ɽʯͷһ㣬ûֱ㡭ŵŰɡ
⡰ʯ˵мһᣬһĸΡʯͷΪеĲǷǽ
ͷһöδϸһɫһҡҡͷǰһоǬ䣬߳վƮݵӰľԶ
̨һ۵֮ÿն̻ʱһԴϰΪ˵ľԶ买֣Թɽ±ߵһʯͷǰ¡ľɫмֵĳ¶ЦݣǴк
һͰббɽ£ƬҶĿԱһ鲻ķʯƿ飬һȤζһ˴ȥǳ趯ƮȻ⡣˫Ŀ΢أǴЦ⣬ԵĶ˲ᡣ
۵ʱˣһĻˡȣܶһеʹľԶ˵У˼ֵ硣
ɽ˭һн飿ľԶĪǶ˴һԵɰɣ
һæ򲻱㡣Ҷ˲Ĵ߰ˣڷʯϵһľԶ˵գɵð̾ԷǸʿȫƾһ֮ߵ֮ԶҲΪǳ󼰡Լô
ʱľԶһ㡣֪Լ˼һʶȥ˵ЩĵĻܱģͷǸ⡣
޷ѵദʱ򣬻Ҫлλ㣡һƽͣȴʵ顣æˣ˭ϧʱأͬһ̸˵أ˵Ϊѵá
ľԶĬĬص˵ͷתЦ¡Էһ°׵ĳȹţϣͬεĿЦ
Ҫ뿪ɽ𣿡˵ɤᣬһ㡣һ۹⿴ƮƮɵӰĺڷУӨ׵Բס
뿪֮ұͣˣҽ;УĲһһվˡһδͷأԿããƿա˶ʼֱշ壬ϲʱĸܡ
СУһͷδй֪Ƿ˳˿յĿ⣬ƵƮɣʹľ


531 пɹ
һ־Զҵ磡Ե̾һѰʿûʲôֻͬڣһԺ߶ԶֻܼԵˣһٶͱǽʿв㣬ɼ־ǳ˿ɱȡ
Ǻǣ㵹Ǹ߿һˣһǺЦˣԳԹ죬ˣ򵥵һԼֻ˶ѣ첻ԸÿÿǷǲϣʹΡ
Թ죬ˡĥһ˵ĻľԶ͵֮νʤǿ˵ܻһջ񣡡
Ŷ˵ı⡭һ䣬һĴ¶ǳЦĻ˵ĶУ֮ľԶ˸񣬱˴˵ɫΡ
ҶΪϵľ顭ǲҴţ˵һЩԲԵĻʵ˱ơΪˣľԶͷһֱһĻвŲ֮⣬ҧǵ˿ԡ
Щתһ峺ˮľԶģ˫˫ͷȥ
˴˳ĬһľԶ̧ͷһδ֮⣬һ˵ʵΪ顭ڿ棬ұΪ
һüͷ漴Ĭ˻ȻһЦ˵˭ϲأѹһϡ֣ɷѿģȴ֮˵ɣް֮⡣
ľԶ˼֮ȻϯİָһǸԽˣ˵ֻ࣬ùֻһϡ֮֡Ƽ򵥣ȴּΪĲס
֮ģű޴̸𡣱ɽʧ˸Ϊʧȥ˸
ڴһΣһʱ˵ȻʦľԶ˵ڣʧΪ֮١٣ް˽Ľ顣
˵оΣһָ̫£˵Ȼ˶ϵľ鹢ڻղ˷˵һ
ľԶҡͷڰ֣˵ǲ˵Ϊã˺šǸȻһЦ͵Ҷ˲⡭
֪ΪΣһɵλ˵Ļ֮ǰ߶ĺôһΪҵıͽϲ㣬ŴľԶ˵£֪˼Եɡ
ǵ˵ⷬʱһδϡʱǰЩ޴ˣʲôɵٴüͷ
ʱˣ֪Է⣬ȴ޴Ӷܡ֮ϣһЩĵĸоˣǲ˵ˣͷȱΣˣֲˡ
˼һóһöհ׵Ƭ֮佻ľԶ˵һƪġ
ľԶЩؿһԽϲɫԱһԵȻɫȻɾŵջ̫ˣʴ֮У˭˲Ϊ֮Ķأ
ǰϲģһ˵֮ƪĲǽ֮Ϊ㣬Ϊ棬ȺΪ֮ɣԼᵤʱȫƾĸ򣬲δء澭ķšΪ΢ʱвǱУСѧһ㣬ѣԺ߲˶Զ
ġ澭֮УʿľΪأɵʼڽ𵤡ԪӤ֮ĸ򣬾иûСԪӤƪʵΪһݾĵҪ弰ƪĸϵʱδûһѵͷ
֮ƣһѸеᷳĽѣΪ澭ܻǣĶʶ׽ʾˡܽйԪӤڵĸٴľԶˣν御
Ҳڵɽʱ򣬻˶ն˷һ˵ôһ仰ʹľԶԷⲻԶľûˣҪΪտӡ
С򣬸֮£ľԶ˵Σ㻹ҶһԲرҵһ
ͷ˵ʱʦǵ֪ɽڶԵʣʦǰ뿪ɽš
ɫһһʵɽڵ˵ټڣ
ľԶӻ˵鲻ö֪
Ȼ֪ɽڵ˵䣬Ϊβ֪һ뿪˵ɽ
Щ鲻Ը룬ֲ㲻롣һ˳˼ʱ˵ʦᵽ˹˱ȿ
Ŷһһ̧ͷһԷвα˵λתҪɽһˡ

壬һʯ֮ͤУһöǰվλӡ
˾Ľ˵ʱһз˵Щʲô
еػؿ˼飬϶һƪϤõƪģǰߴͬϸ΢ȴв졣һʲô
񼽥䣬һ֮۹ӵš
ľԶҳʦ׽Щ˵һδ˵ʲôֻǸ֪Ҷһ֮㡢֮桭
ɫԱ䣬漴ָֻ̬ٴɫʵ˵뿪ɽţӳǣڰ֣˵ȷΪʦԱ㡭
ľԶ棬ʩ֮˫˫ȥԶóһöﴫĬ䣬ֽȥһٿʧʡ

һ֮У£ŵؿľԶ˵ҽİһݣǱʦ֪ʦ֮ﰡ
һöľԶЦһİѣ಻ˣϰ
һˡȻʵ
뿪ʱһң˵˲Լ˵ŻľԶɤε˵֪ƣȴˡһأסˡ

סǸˣһֱڵ뿪ĻᡣȻɽڵȥһҲ̲סˣԽȥΪδ˵飬Ҫǰߡ
ľԶ˸֮һδͣ٣Ѱ˷һ󣬻ǽķԪӤƪڡͽܼ˹ȥſڳ뿪˵ɽ
ÿһҪ̵ʱһ֪յŴʲôطʶǾܵĽһа׵©Ϊټֵź;У༸ֵĴݡ

ΪڵĳϣһɽŶܾɽĵٴڷ׵Ľֵʱûɵ˿
ηǿУͷɶЩĻ֮һǸеӦ֮ʹΪΣֲܲȥԡᷳ£ûбȥӵʱ򣬻ǾԶ֮Ϊã
ṳ̂ĵ򣬻ǴǰӡżмʿķΪƶæµš
Ųڽֵϣ˫ʱһٲȻǸʿһ̵ǰʱɫһɵͣ˽Ų
ӺСֻŰӣһƹǰ̨ߡ򿪵һðż·˶ǮƹıЦڵطϸճİӡ
ӱһ̵ִҶţˡ
ǰһôϤƹ񡭡


532 Զ
ǺǣС϶İӣճġпţƹڵкš
ҪһӣһδųʡǰİϣϽ«Сһ֮󣬱̵ƹ
ƹʮ£ƴЦݣҰ׵ĺžһĴֲϻմȾաôһˣЩæƵķûʲôͬһȴͫ΢£΢΢ǡ
ǺǣС϶ƵģɳơƹĺɫһƣæһСˡ
˵֪ԼҪȥĵطһδŸ·ǲȥ֣ԭɡ˳һ˵ȴķ֣ĸ⡣
ͬһʳͣл֮һ޵С˾¡Ǻǣ
ͷϿƹЦɳϲͺãϲͺã
֪ҵݣһ䣬һСδմ̻֮ʳڸ֮ڡ
С϶ۻ軨ʶɳһۡƹһԣǺЦ
һ˶ӣһͷһΪϵأ۹һʵв֪ƹγƺѽ⣬Ӿһæ
£ƹĴһһЦɳǺǣС϶շᣬַƺҷƹġ缸ϰ֮Ӿһ˴ˡ
ŶһһŹеʣƹû𣿡
ЦЩӲƹתȥһĨһԵӣ˵С϶֮ˣ޺ˣ
ҲһʣЩʧˣǺǣǵԹɽϬΪڵİӣǲζǡһóһʯ˵ʯ𣿡
ƹٴ£ɵö࿴һһϻǱ΢ֺõЦݣ˵ɢǮá
۹ӷƹһɨһʯ͵ЦݣŶԷͷ̧߳ӣѭŽֵȥ
ǸƹЦȴûˣأԭءδϵʯǿйıӰԶҡҡͷ䲻УǴżƣ

ȥô꣬಻ϳ֮ģǸѰӡʶڽֵϣһעĿֵĽ־С
һ߳Ժ󣬲δȥԾһɽ֮ϡһʱĵط̧ͷɫ¶һĨЦ漴ȥΣԭЪϢʱǴʱ֣ѻƻ衭
쳤βҹɫĹ󣬵ҹ֮Сűջֵϱ
ƹ겻СֽҲʰ£һȥǰĵƻ£Ľֵϣ佥ȥӰ
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ǽǶөʯĹ£ҵһĿȻɴСĵطžˣһľǽǴ滹иӣӦΪ޴֮áһĵϣĸʯµһ󷨡֮⣬
˴ķƹ͵ļĪֱԭЩǵž⡣ܣǰϥ£ĿϢﻹǸˣһʿ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƹеһ仺˫ۣ͸ž⣬ǽǵǰƬּ̣һ־йâͻȻʯҫ̶һķĹյһƬͨ
ƹǰ̤һ󷨵ĹâȻһʢֽԭʧȥӰĸʯֳ˷ŵӡ
һӰ֮УһζЦǰһС
һۣ˩Ÿ«ڵһɽ֮ЪϢ֮ڵķ紵ݶʶ֮٣ȴǲ˲֮ͬ
һвϣƹ񣬾Ǻεˣ
һСĴĸʯǶʯпɷʹãȥ̫Զ
˼һһ־â֮УٴοüһδɣһʧڴС

һĶһʯҵĵϣͬĸʯĴ󡣹âг˷ƹӰһʯУһ߽
˽ڵΪڷƹǰ鹧
ÿɷءšһ˫ֵķƹޱ顣һʯ£صʵŵĶ
һ˹Ȼӡһ˵񲻸ãҵͼңڣ
ңڣ߶һ֮󣬷ƹҡҡͷ˵޷δ˵꣬ɫͻȻһ䣬ͬʱȥʯейâ˸˴г֡
㣿䶸ƹʧȻٳɽ֣ȵҸˣôĵӣ
ʱķƹ˫ȻƱˣٲȻǸֲʿ˼״ھ֮м˷ɽһ˻ͷ⣬֪֮󼪻Ҫٻ֡

һԴһɲ㿴ɽеΡԻˣԸв졣۹˵ʱ˫üȻɫʱ
ȿǺɽڵˣǰһʵ
˴಻ɣǶɽת֮ԷʣȻδԼת֮䣬ƹýһ˶ڣſɽڵΣ㲻ΪҰǻĲͷ
˻δ˵ҺһǱһ롣ʧɫ֮£ƹҪ߶ɽ֮ʱһˡͨˤڵأѳΪһʬ
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䲻ݻֻá顱һƹķɽһɫĹ衣ץסһѷֽӦ䣬ȴһס˶ĳڣֲһƣźϾسǡĽأԿĿĽâ֮Уսûɽ
·ޣж֮֮֡Уƹ亹ǿˣôһˣǽǰϸԼù
ɫţԳɣƹɽЩɥشͷ˵λǰĳΪûе㣬ιۣ
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538 
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ʹҺɽڵġɷ졯һеС죬ײһ㣬ұƽؽеһ֮ɲƣܲ˷衣
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ñһʿԽʿʩչɽ߿׽Էֶɻ⣬̵ıǸ߳һΪʶһڱõǿɽ޿κΣǿ˹ұġɷ족ߵνྶͥȴ˵ơ
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ȡһ˵
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˵ѣԹұķ֮һǲҴ⡣ǻطʹǿΪɱ˲ѡ˫ƴҪһۡκһʿ־֮С
ƴɱ֮ʣζԷʩչֶΣһµϲ뱾⡣ֻӶԷϻ֪ɽڵĶȴô³
߳ĳâһֱһǰƾԾһŭĿצƾˡɶ֮ʣһͷǰĺڷС
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ߣǧ仯ڡ֮ͫΣһٷϻڿգ˽˹ȥ
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һĽ֮ʱͻұ졣룬ɤʱ𡪡
ҿԡ


540 
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ΣͷֻһΪ裬ȴͷһ
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һδ˵ԱڵδŷϡѣȻ
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ת֮£һɣֶȥ֮кٿһ
ʱĹұѼһ־淴ͬ𵤡һǰ⣬˷Цűӭȥ

ǹұһԱΪĴۣؽһ񱩽ɡóѵһɲǷЦȻֹ
ʯ䣬һߴ糤ϸ룬Ϣ֮У빫ұĿ֮ϡʱΪ֮裬еΪ֮һ͡
ɫ㵣ұ󲻸ŵصͷؿϻ´糤һϸ룬أĺ⡪
һǰâٻʹӯ磬Ѹ֮޵ľ綾Ȼ͵Ϯ֮£ȴǼѷ
ʿһǼ֮ݾĹұͼȴⷴƣȻ֡Ľâδעһ͵ҧ⣬ǿʱ
ڴͬʱâĽԹұؿһһѪ⡣Һһ̧ͷſѪ죬¶Цݡ
״һ˫ͫһâȥк֡â֮ʣұһһԷ˵ķɡ
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һĽ֮ǿΪѰʿʯֱۣǿȷһĴڣԴݿ֮ƣֱ빫ұСͳ
ͳУұһѸȥϨǰһ±ȼһսڳš
һѪܵϣץһȸѴСĽ𵤡䲻ݻȻ֣ץס˹ұš
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һ˫ĿգˮץŵĽ𵤣궯ǿƽԭƵɫ󣬽ס
ǿжҵ֮ڵһ˱ɢ˻ǣ֮ԭ١ɴˣƲɵԱǧһ֮ʣɱ
ץŽ𵤵֣ѪѪȵĻɱһˣ״Ρɲ룬һأԱ˫ۣץŹұŲš
ұɫ׻ңֽǸ˵ģȴ΢ţһľĿ֦ڷȴһֻζסˡ
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˿һ۾ֻƣԴЩѣΡ̻صϣֽұķɽǬеڵ
ȸѴСڵһӨ׵һ㣬Բй̺ļѪ˿ʹ˶ݡⲻӣʿĽ𵤡
ûɵͷһѸĪս뵭İΧһֻû͸˵׵ʧ䡣
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ҵæֳǡ
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һ֮飬δɽȡʱյգֵϳ˷˵Ӱһвһѭ·ɽȥδǴɽĶ̧һУһСƿն
Ǭ족Ǭ֮ͬ졣֮䣬סһʮСɽȣ˲ȻãջΪɱˡ
Īǣɵ벻ɱѪȣǵȻ
һѣϮһֻеƣˡǬ족߽֮Уϥ£ر۾

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ǿʶɨ޷壬ξȻǰĲ²г롣ټһɽϣٸʿڣǻ̻̲ģЩƹĵУһʿ
˼Ƭ̣ɵüͷһŮɽŴǻӦΪƹĵӡ
ڴˣС˵
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ǷŮӺǹɣ֮ɳɽţԶݵݼǰ
Ŷϵñڣ˫΢أϵ̬и˵֡ԷֹɾĿùǰķɣ
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޷ʼû⡣Ųʧ٣ܲгĹעɽ̽飬ɳȥʮ֮˾û䡣һƹλ𵤳סˡ
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һ̣һԼ˹ұ󣬶ȴҡļʱתԶʧһ֮С
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λǰ˭ԣѳ֮ĸɴ˽Ρչض֮ǰó֮ʱнԲΪ𵤺ָտɴ˵һ̨ϴͷ֮ĸѰԷӡ֤һҪ˭ŵĵˡ˷Լʦʱסһʾм֮⣡
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˷һףʣȴݲ˶ԼʦȻƱǿľԶȰ裬ֻɫơ
ԼһСŭʱɫ
һЦ˵һǰй֮Եǿǲţֹɾ֮Уأ벻ʦΪ˵ĸǿͬʿ֮У޳ߡĽʦôһʦɤģܺɽӹɽ壬ÿһ˵ĶС
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˷˵ĺǰĹľԶ˽ԵǵؿԼ¶һЦʾԼ޷ȴͷҲص˵ʦĪǿʦˣֻ˼ҿ㰡
Եƣ֮٣תЦƹĵӣǵΪľԶɫһּ˷ж˼ֽζ˲ɵΡű㽫˼ŪһأʦûĹְɣ
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һˣںδôʶвӰأΪΪƹɽţԭҪȵˣ
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ʱ˫ü΢΢ʶ˵ʶɴ˰֮ǿʵⰡȻڴˣֺرأ
ʶɴ˰𵤺ڵʿʶ಻һʶ˵ǿ

Ҳ˵˵˼Σʱ˰֮⣬һѷɽڰС֮ˣ㵵һѡ
꿤̣棬ĥĥ䣬һ²ŵ˹˱ȿľڡɾ޷岻ǧһһǿʶɨڰֹסεһ̣Ǵɽϵξ۵ףΪ֮ơ
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λĸԣչزԵʣ˲׽һǳЦΪ
ŶԭȻ˵һһ˫֡Էϥһʯͷϲδֻؽ˫һз۾£ĮȻ˵Ǹһڴ˴࣬Ǻôͷ
һǹ˫һ٣һˤˢһ±ü˵Ҳϲں֪ʱ˵ĵȺǶһֺٽ֮йأ
Եɫһ䣬۾͵صԲˡȻָһŭ㡭Ŀˣҡұ㲻Σ
㲻ȣֺ棡һһߣܣ㲻Ƕ֣ܣûй򣡡
谡죿ôԼڵĸ㣬Ƕ˶ˣ԰׵ĺΣָŭЦЩǿţ
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һ㲻ԭתɶšַףⲻĿ׶˹ȥ
һ΢㵣ŶԷʵĪ˵´ڵɽɡ
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˵Ƕ˷ľԶˣȴһ仰˻֮£һüͷ
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Уλ˵⣬ڴһĬˣˣֻһšԸɽڣǽΪ֮ʵ⣬ǳһģ
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һأԺžƣ񷽲ŵһУδ

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ֳų룬ǺЦţȴԶԡüͷɵ˵ڵβΩкһŲΪãڴӴ˴ڣ汾
£һΪ˳ӵĬĬ˹
ֳһЦǺǣϳı֮ԣƣ
ͷһһ͡һǣΪҡҡͷ߽ұߵɽµڸԳĴ£ֱڡ
ǰвԶһǽסɽ类󷨽ʶԴ͸ҵʯڲ˵ǼԶ಻ܹгâ֮ͫ£ȻɽнƵĴڡǰȥв֪Զɽˣ⡭
һɫ䣬ȴʮֵСġԸĽˡ
ɽԵΪͨȴûʹһǰʮ֮󣬵ƻ³Ͻө֣ΪںڵȥЩĹ
һĹԭδɢŨ࣬ˮһɽеţֱ˵ĻƿԻʹȺġˮ֮Уʢ
ʱȥɡв֪ǰжԶЩͷˡΪ»̤ǰȥƶʱࡣ
״Բ󣬸׳һѷɽڽ£߷ȥһֻô߶ѥ֮У𣬲ظ˵ĺ档
һʱȥȺŨΪһѪӡšʱɽǧ֮Զ֮⡰ˮԴͷȻ֪١
Ƭ̹ɽ룬һһڳڼ˵ǰⲢͣΨһԭɣֻǵڵʯǰһӰήڵءӶŨ֮Уȴѿ
һŮӣǺʦãһ붴ǸɵŮޣ
ŮӼɿ⣬֣ͣʾСġ
ŮԵζڴˣǸȥ˺δľֹأɺʵһԵ˵ŮӵϺˣ
ڴʱŮӺ񱻾ˣлֱӣʯվΪ֣һ˫ȴĺ⣬鼫Ϊɭɲ
ò绨ɣģвɫһ䣬Ųȷɽˡһԭһδ
ҡͻȻһͬȵɣΪʹץԼ
ѣѩļѿ˼ѪڣѪȴδڹ䶯š
Ŷһʹɣλζ£Ųţѵָ֡죬ץȥͺҡ
Ŀĵ״ɫ䣬ȴһҪɣ͵һ٣㱻ε裬һʱáţţţʦ㺦ҡ
ԭһ绨Ůӣʱ飬Ŀħ˲Ŀá
зӾͬΪŮӣס
ޱ飬˵ŮӵϻϤһУµΣȴǿѻ꣬֫ɣڲ޶ŽҩСˣ䣬һĺ쳹ɽ

ɱԭأʹΣȻ˺ѷεһСͻȻŤʱȻ󡢱֣űһ顪ı죬֮Ѫըмʸƿյġڶ
Сˣ˵ͬʱ˫һɽжʱһε֣ϮһоԷ˻ȥưѪУϸСѪڡм䵽ʯϣַ˻˲ʧУ̼䲻Ӱ


549 
ĪǡѪ桯Ծţ϶ʱһâµķɽ֮һߡ
һԵ䱸֮ʱȴ̾Ϣһ˵伮أѪ桯ɷѪϢʿ֮ѪΪýѸ裬ֱԼ⣬޴󰭣ֻǿϧŮӡ
ĻаΣһĪΪһ绨ȥϧŮ˵ʹȻ
ɣɣУҪȥη
˾Ƭ̣ɽƽһأԭزԷŵһлȻֻɫЩĮȻ𵭵Ƴһۣ˵ȥڣҵȸȥδ˵
ŮǰˡѪ桯֪ɣŴɽһص
۾з꣬˵ԭѿ
״Ѵڣһͬ⣬Ǹڶʱж֢״˭˵ءһ˵һ䣬ֵǰɽѡһкηֱ𣿡
ַףעһˮȴһ˿Ȼ͡ɵĲ¼ڱòĪĳͷš
۹ڶת£˵һǰ;Ī⣬ҵȻЭźѽ
һΪȻӣ˵Լǣ
ٶԣת̤ұߵĶǰȥһͷʾ£Ը˹ȥ߻ĳ˺һʾ

յĹɽǺںŨˮīж˼ļµϢ
ǰвԶɽȻ֮ͣʣһɡԲʮɴСɽ֮ڡܣ㼯ƵʯϣֳСһĶڡ
ɽɽʱٴλصɾеĽڵѨ֮Уʹһ֮С֮ʱͻȻһɫӰӶٿȻûһڲˡ
ǺӰ
˶룬Ǹдľ
ʦ塭
ˣֻܸܵ⾪ϲѰ˺ƹĸˣ
ͻȻѰˣԴ㵲ǰǸɽһȴüͷɫ
ͷ˵飬˵ͷͬЩɲ
۹ӹһ΢΢һЦ˵ǵаѱ档ҵֻмзܲУȻֺαһأСıǣ
ͨȻ֪Էʲôߣη֮ˡڣ档һֱǸڶȥѼͣ󡣶ǸȴǺżǳĳЦΣͷ֣һԸרǰ
ǺǣֵֻġһǫѷģڰָЦһŲظ˹ȥЦڶгֳǰеһȣʹ˲Сأ
ɣڶг˴ǸеĵطŮ˵ʵһ¼ӿ죬͵س뵽ǸɽУȴеζȻһ׹ͷһ֫ڵϣȥ
жһʮɴСɽͬǣ֮УϥˡǸתֹס˺ؿڵˡֻǣŮ漴ϲɫ˵Һƹˮ㡢ˮӢλϣοǣλǰʩԮ֣
ԺĻ֮ɫػܡⶴеΪѰƹ˶ɿԾ
ʱǱĸϣǽ˫Ŀ²ʡģ
ǰһУһ˺ˮ±ӯһве֮ǰҪŨؼ֡У߶סβ֮ʱֻеγأת֮ɬࡣΪ֮ްǺɽµ
ƶһʱĶڡһץϵˣԸ֮аɷ谭֮ܡ뿪˵ءƹֱɽ˾ߡԲҵת㳷䶸ڵߵͻȻᷭӿ
붴ڣǴϢĹ裬Լе״˶룬Ҫ֮ʱɽʱڵûűݰĺ𡪡
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һδʱĶڣýһգڻڵб׹ȥæ֮У͸ֳӶһʵʵ׹֮Ʋ޵׵Ԩ
ԽԽڣأһס˸䡣ڻȥܺѼ̣صڡԭʶüˡⲻյĹ򣬵ȥ֮ȥǵͬΪɥʧˮµһ˴ε鷳ɾʹˣ
Х֮УΪҵ֮һ͵еȥ
䡪
УһɲǷӿһѳֲס͵صֶȥǡ顪һ죬˫أȴ׹֮ƣ͵һƨڵϡӺȻ߽صĶ顱У˷ʹ
룬һһԵקУ˳̧ͷ´
һʮɴСɽӨ׵ʯڣ͸ɭɭĺ⣬תĿɿܵΡ
۴Ϊһں֣ټɽһƬںġѪˮ֮Сиߵĺɫʯţˮϵһ齸ʯѪ֮еģƹ⼸ʿ
ƹʿأԶţĶȻѪڵԵʹ಻ɫĲ԰ף͸ſֻţ佫վΣͬһľΨһ֮ͦˣȴɫ䡣
ֱӣһٴδԶǼˡԼɸߴ£ڽҪʱʹôݺˤһ£ȫŽ֮ǿ޴󰭡Ǽȴθ졣
ΪãˤңϢƽҡΡȻ˵ĲᣬֻǿŰˡ޴ϾԪӤʿĻƹŮޣĪʩչʲôطɣ˵δתȴǺģ
𻺻תһһ֮󣬱ҡҡͷȥߵɫ͸ŲΣת˵ȥԿصͷӦһ̧һȥ
һеڵϣһУ಻ͷȴ׹Ѱĺ䣡ʲŰгŵϢ֮ͻһ֮еϡΪʱûˣҲûʲôֲǵһ֮ȸΪµǣ̽ɽʱʶͬһ㣬ʹʶ޴ʩչ


550 Ͷ
ųص˫˻
ʱǿ֧ӣȴû˴ǰǾµɫУ͸ڼ˵η塣뿪˴ȴֻڴ˴తš
Եķ޶ԣ۹оڴ
Դ˿ڴ˵ɽа˸ڣΪĺ裬Կ֮⣬ĳ·อܴΪʩչǬ޷򿪡ҵȱڴˣһʱǳȥˡĳﻹиӣȥ̽һ˵ţŤͷһߺһ
ûзĲٳ֣ɽôʶһ֮
ĳĪĹڣû˼ǵؿ˵Žƾͼƣȴϻ֮ƣҵȻǵ͹˹ұɡҪһڳţ
δ𻰣˫ֽӡĬһεӿѸѪīƿʹγһƬġߴСĿյųһ˵ɷеġѪ桯޴ڣסϢ಻òС¡
ҵΪް
۹ɨԶһԣΪֵص˵ͷ˵ұммƣڱйǽݣѿĲ󷨣ҺΣֳֻһһԼ
˱ãĸοصͷȲ˵ȡҩһһߣʡȴɷ֮ţɽˡԶһأ˫üǳ
һĪ㲻ηɷһִǬȡҩ߶ˡжһɻ󣬿һֵǱϲ˹ұɵġɷ󡯡֮ɷˣޱȣ㲻ǽڵΪ⣿
֪ԼľٶĲɣһҡҡͷ⣬ߴСһƬطﻹ˵֮أһʶȤΪã
У⡰ɷʮֵȴа˸ڣʹ˲⡣ȻУǶȻѣֻʱΪֻʣɰɣµӣǷɽڵˣǶһ˽⣿
ԭһ˫ϥ֮ϡЦ£˵ֳǰΪ⡮ɷʮɣɷ֮ƣ鲼ɽĽΪһ壬ʤɡ
Ե˴һͷһ˵ֳַ⡣ͷ󣬻еһ뷨˼ֵҵ֮ڰɸߴ֮ʣⲻɷ塣ʶһ޶Ϊˣʶ޷ʩչıӻҡ
һһ˵ĵʵ顣ԸеںȥʶѲʹãֻǰżҺɽڵ˲δȻڵ⼸˵³ǣ
еɫڣȴ̧һƿ˵ɷҩ֮֮ͬͬͬ꣬ҩΪӦ֮塣ǸΪأȴ֮
лһӹƿơ񴺵Ӧ˵ҩδã䴧ڻ֮󣬱żС̧ͷȥ
ʮɸߵĶӨ׵ʯڿȥǼʵʱǸɫʯɭɭĺ֮£Լɼİ˸ǳĶڣΪ̾ᣬסںɷеһУɽѳΪѪɷĴڡǸ֮дСһʯ𣬸һڵķͷ֮⡣һ⼸ˣļ֮Уš
ɽΪƣϼѡҲ˵ƹѱͬ˵ǣʱǿϮȴ֮⣬ûм֮ɽڵʱ֡
Լ룬һͷָֻϸġѪ桱һĴдܳضҧϣ漴һεķ赲۵ЩôָһָδһָѼѸѪ浯˳ȥ
üһһ˿һĬ֮һͼе˵˵صˮͬλܸһɾ֮˼ΣʶȻ衣ڵڿھ֮£֫ٺ
һ̹ȥһüͷɫࡣ̧۴ܣڵĶ֮Ĵݲ֮£еɷδɢǽһ𣬺֮ϣ֮¡뽫Ҫһۡ
ʱҴҪ֪ʹ֮٣ʶ裬ǷͨʩչҪ˵ض£ҿóȻĻʱǳֿȭˣ
һɵָǬ仹ǲʹһĶõʱͻȻ
Ŷ
һ̧ͷʱͬʱѭȥɷĸϣͬһźڿǵĳأԲѣӡһԵĺڵأʹࡣ֮Уϻ߬żƿƴŵҩ
״侪ȵŮӹȻɽǣ
бΪȻһ͸һ˿˵ɽڵĹɷħΪɷɥʧΪأŮĻ˺
ɷħһ˵һ˼
ԻȻ򣬻ǲµ˵ˣҵȱڴˣŮӵʵⰡ벻ƹһŮ޾ӥȮ棬ȻŽĻȴڳ̬
ȻˣķΣǸ³
ҡҡͷӻ˵޷⣬Сʱ̹עҵȵȥ򣬱ͼ֮һȡ붴Ѱһʬͼ֮ʹż綯ˡѰ˲ֻһвԤõ󷨡ΪһŮҰ˭ܣˤģȴֱֿʶݶٳٲõҩƹزΪѪ桯塭
һ̾Ϣ֪ϧԸΪµĴʹ޴֪һŮ˵˼Զ˲²͸
ֽ˵ұѾãȻڴ˴ͼı֪ǼƣΪ֪ʵĶҵȲܲͶҪ֪ſиԼء˵ŻƳһдһ˿Ρ
һɫĮȻһ޶ԡŵϵĺڿ۾
µҩ֮󣬺˫ǷѪɫ毺õŤǡѪ桱ףʦһ³
˰Σʹ˲ʤ꣡Ӧв̣˵һ̰ɣⲻʧº͵ĻʹһԵԲ˸䡣ͷĳװƣæűۣƤĳ鴤ͣ
ٳɹǵʹ࣬ʹúܡڵϷţšɷӿУȹķɫĿ
δɣơǷɱһ˵ǰɱں㲻ʧΪڡ
ĺ˾֮Сɱ֮ʣԻʹڴʱԶͻȻһ졭


551 
ͻһ죬ɽĳţͬʱˡ
һ촫֮ʱʮһɽ̾ĺȻɢȥƷ֮УȻӰ
ˮ֮ʣէȻһݣ߾ȫǰȥҡ
ɽ֮гĶԶ㵣δе⡣ԭκȥֻǣһ˫ü΢΢ﺮŨ
˴ͻȻð⼸ˣʹһͷ˵δ˫ȴս
߷ֱǺɽڵұƽԼϴɣǰڵĸӡ˽ǽ𵤺ڵĸ֣ټڵʿ˵ˣԳĵκһҴš߲
ת֮䣬˱㵽ڵ˵ĲԶұƽЦݣ⣬ȵĺӶǳңң֣к۹һϣΪľϲǺЦ
ɻǸģϱ治ϲǣֻϵһЩӵɫΣȴǽһдź⡣ʿеһˣͻȻǰһּ̧һ⣬ֱǸȵŮӶȥ
УֻǸұƽǸҶϧ˶ˣʹΪ֮һУ
͸ʱŮӡͨһˤڵϣأԵŲԸŵ۾Żǲţ޷ˡΩĵ˫֮УĺڣѪһޡ
ѽôһ绨ӣµ֣Ǵɷ羰Ȼһ㣬ұƽ͵תǺ˴СԷڨڨһЦŲæ˷ɽתֳŵʬһ̾Цдŵ˸У˵ϲӣҲϲƷΪʿܲΪ֮أʦߣһ
װģظ̾һ֮󣬹ұƽתǰ˼޿ֵһſڵʮվѵع˫֣˵벻żɰãף˵㣬һһʮ꣬ģǷֺδ䣬Ī±˲ϵ𡭡
һƲƲ죬ӦȴǲܲõضŶԷɫ䣡
ЩĿŹұƽɫǡǰȥǸΪ˱򡢾ֹŵˡ⻹ǻѻǣ֪֪治֪ġԷ־бʤȯաתԣɫҡͷڴĿͶΪ֪֮ˡʱΨһ̱𡭡
ߣ֪С־񣡡Ȼѵһ䣬ʵұɺڣĪΪ⡮ɷ󡯱סڲɣ
ұƽ⣬ŵЦĿ˵ɷ󡯱סֳ϶ʮ꣬⡮žɷܷס֪
۾з˵žɷ󣿡
в֪󷨣ЦһұƽԵõ˵Ҹѣ־֮Եͷǰ·
âһͳƾ㼸С뱾ڶ֣
ұƽΪҡҡͷһԵĴ߳˻Ƶɤ˵ɵΪǴңֺαأĪ˵ҵڴˣƾĳһˣӦϾδ˵꣬Ȼֱȥ䱾˳ƶΪֱ̧һѷɽһ
ұƽվδµش˫ֵΡ
ɴ˾ٲ֮̽⣬ȴȻ֮ʷ͵Ĺƣɫ䣬δƮ֮䣬͵˫ץ
ֻ֣˲Ϣ仯ϸСĽȥֱӭһˡϮߵķ֮ʣһ˳ſӱС
ۿ˾Ҫֵһɲǣſһ⣬ȥףƲɵգ۱Ŀڴ
ֱɾնɱһˣ治ɫ˫һץûĽԷѷɽǿջءȴڴʱſ³һѷɽֱȡԷͬ鲻ʾ׳һ
ɫԲʣſһѸһСķĶķŹ⣬ɢž˵ƣϮķɽŰĻ桢о赲
ʯ֮䣬غϡһռϷ硣ͬʩչֶΣΪãƽʢʱǸնɱ֮˲šͨһˤڵء
ֻɵΪ˵ãָΪ˴˭Ķ֣˵ұƽɫ΢䡣
һԵ˿˵ʱֻн𵤺ڵΪɳȻв硣⣬Ҫ֮˵ȫ⳸⣬֧Ųã
ɫһɣұƽǺЦ۹֮Ѱܼ𵤺ڵʱж̣Ϊ۹⣬޷ᲢۡΪҲ˵֮ܣȴ˿ɱȡЦŲڱвͬζ
ӼЩЦݣ˵ĳǣǶһСӺмΪڴʱ֮أŶһԵһɫơⲻԶҪɱ˳ˡұƽ룬޷;ͬ飬һͬԸһˡ
ʱĴɻڽвĶ̴㲻֮¶ݣƴΪͬʹɽƵƵŴ󶦣ʹöԷֻŷԷһʱ֮䣬˫
սУЦһ𰡣н³ΪδˣȲ˳ɼɷΪΪ̣ذɰ಻ԶǸСӵУĳʰ㣡
Сӣôأ
Ե٩ţ̬ưӣ˫֣һұƽЦţŪ˿ǰСӣֵ
һɫĬĬţĶǷǶԹǲѡһʱްİڣ˹ʱ⣬˭˵Ѱĺʱأ
һվ߽Ķ˵ǡԷȴӶЦڻǫã
Ǻǣ˭ͬ˵żҳһϹŵЦݡ
ұƽŭЦֵͿһ˵Σ壡õʶϼΪⲻܵ³ԸͶϣҺɽڲ㣬ѽ
һ°̧˵ұƽɱ˵Ԫڵˮӣƹ˴ѣ㲻޸ϵֻݻˣԲлһܼ̣
£˼ΪȤ֮£ֹ̿ұƽشЦָһҡͷһСӲдȴĿѷɣ
ᡱһڵϣһɫ۹ϴתƣƵ˵Ҫһϣ
ߣĳһ˱ʰ㣡
ſڱһ⣬ֱһȥ


552 ɱ
𵤺ڸֵķɵ֮
ӵĻｫ䣬ɽŹâűɱ֮ƣٿȻһǰɴ
䲻ݻ֮ʣһĽºһ¶͵תһƬڷӭȥ
Rһ̶ըУһζվΡϮķɽص˳ȥڿͷâ˸ţֻɵӵͷ
˵ռ˱ˣӵɫл͸ЩȻ´һ˵Сӣ֪ͷӲˣɴ˴Ϊɷأ󷨽ƣ벻л֮Ⱑ˵Żֻͷһ۹ұƽҡͷ˵ɱһ㣬ҲȤ
ӵ˼ˣǳֱɱһɱһ׾٣ǰ¡ұƽЦһ֮⡣˻뵱ȻΪСôQ⣬׸
ŶϷʵ̬һ˿һڡ˵ɷˮ²ͬнƵĽȴ޷Ҫ֪㲻ϰɽڹʱΪ֮Ľ𵤺в㡭ΪˣҲеⰡ
ұƽЦкκģ˶ɷĿھ𣡡ֳӱԹأϲҺɽڹв㰡
£ɫŭ֮⡣ǺǺЦһ˵ɱСӣۣ
˵鿴һﾫһżһر˫ɨ˹ȥ
״ұƽЦϹۣƺһ߶ɽӭһƬѸ͵ĺڷ硣
ʤڼӲأɽȴռ֮㣬з֮˴ϣһԿҲӳһƬӰʹöԷķɽй˼ɡһ˫Ǹռʤ
ԶǼ֣Դ˵ǿ߶һԵɫȴ޿κΡͻһ˶֣Ϊ˻ǰ
߷ҷɣ磬ֻǽֵͬ
У־ɽУһǳְֺ߲ͣЪ
Сӣ㣡ţӵķɽҫŹâƵһϴ
յĹȥԲ죡һƣļ󣬲սͣǰߡ˾ݣʹ䲻òȥǲΪȻûΪ֧ţӶĲۣ
Ӱ֮ʣսĹұƽЦݴСܴɼһסԼ̹֮ʤ֮ҲϿĪҪ˸ͷǺǣ
ĿԷķɽ֮һǰӶұƽĻһɶ
Ե֮ʣһ֮תŽǵչ֮Գһٵسľɷɢǿû谭ֻͨȥһжתұƽԹʱѣǿɶ
һôⲻԶʩչͨʶʹͬ·һȣӦ֮ʱռˡζԷԶԶ÷䷨ֶкǲǳ˴أ
ӱ㲻ŹһԷ粻䶯˱ɱͷɷŹұƽеĲԼĵ٩䴥ͷ䣡һ𵤺ڵĸ֣ҪǾأָ̣ǵȡЦɽڵĹ㽫˲ɣߣйұԪӤ֣ɽʲô
˵лûͷɫһֱۣڽֻûһֻ˶ƣ͵ץһ
״һתܡɱ˴֮ת۱ʯѹһ㵽˸ǰӶȥȴһɵĽ˹ͬʱԷķɽƵǰ
ֵҲϤΪԼһ˫ȭͣҲѵзɽķһп࣬͵سѽľҳɣתߣʯ𡣶ɽƸ죬
һǱӣԤϡ⵽ߵĶǺǰĪ
ӵɫ滺࣬Σɱ˳˶Ǽ£ֵĹұƽȴɫһ䡪
ν𣬽ɽ㵽һʯһ㣬һšʹ˽Ṧ͵ת˹ұƽһ±˹ȥ
һ˶򲻹ӣһȴһˡֹ㣳ȻѸͣȴұƽֲ
ۼһĻӰұƽſڱ³˷ɽƬ̡ӵĽɽȻƣſ޵³һĽңʹ䱧
֮ʣβܲˣһ˫üֶ
䡪һУִķɽֱӵ˻ȥȫƴż¡ұƽ㵣һֻȻһֻɵСͬʱǡԡһ죬һĺҼȥ
ƸǶƲɵæҵĹұƽӦԣæһܣͻһǰһûʧɫؿڴһۡͷȥһâĶȻĿڣֻ´һأѪ⡭
һɲˣǵĺͷϸжȻеĹұƽվȣ˲ֹܻŭӣ㻹ɱСӡ
δֹұƽһҺһɫ쫷Ϯʶȥбꡱһ£ˡƲѴֵ͵ڼϣ䡰ͨһ±ˤ˳ȥ
һֵһδ⣬ڰУһֽסɽֱġͷһĽѴ͸ۡʱһɫĹâűǡ顱һ졪
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ס֡Ӻһȴ㡣ȣȴĳ֡ɴ۾
ˡһ㣬Ĺұƽ˰ӣҺһֱֱ˳ȥſЩãȻ˫һǸϤģӰóڷڵĺ֮С
ӹұƽϷɹһΣһͷһʯ֮ϣͨˤڵءأתƺһɫףѪ
㡭ɱ
ʮӣ̧ٻ˷ɽɱһֽ۹Ѫģʬ֮ϣתٴǸɱСӡʧᣬҡͷŵ˵㲢δɥʧΪһζʾ˵Ҫɱұƽ
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âʸÿɽ蹭֮һСļ֮ϣֱ̧˳ȥ
âĴ֮󣬱Ǹ͵Ϯ֮£ʹ˼ѷ֮ߴ糤ġϸ롱ٲȻӳ˷һ㣬Ѹұƽڰæ֮ⲻС
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㣬Ѫһǿ֮󣬱㷢Ϣްͨ˵ˣΪ޴󰭡
ǼϢĹһлɱ˹ұƽ֣Ҷһǳɣģˡ
һУ˵һٶƣ֣Դˣұƽˣ£ˣѰұȻֻƴ
һ̹ȻӣӵɫҪԷ۹󣬽űڴ𣺡һôӡһҺˡͨˤڵء
ӹ˲࣬æתȥȻ
һսӣȴת֮ƻɱ˹ұƽߵĶȻǱߵļˡԾ֮࣬Ըҡŭģŭ֮ʣ鲻ͻʩ֣һնɱǸͬ顣
ʱˣתȥ֮ɲܲΪ֮ҡһΪӵԹۣ붾ȴһʱԳֻԷķɽ⣬ʹһʱƣӦ
תΪ𣬼ɽ֮ռϷ硣ȴΪԵʣʹϾµ֡
ΪİΣ𲻸Ҵ⡣СϾŶٲΪ֪Ķɱ˹ұƽһжԭȵԤ룬ұϰݡ
Ǳߵľɣߵת۹ͬʱ˶Էϡ
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˹ұƽǬһʵҡҡͷ̧˽Ų˵ⲻһսֱǡ˵ţһ٣ֵұƽǰұ㡭
ӽұƽʬһ԰úˣһĻʱ˶СɫԱ䣬ȴЦСӣɱ㣬ǶԹұõĽ
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ڵȻʯɽһƾˣǷɽɱɭɭŽ𵤺ʿеܣʲôĻ̺ϵƣл֮ܣ壡
ҵٿȻɲǣһ˫ܵףҷһɫӰͬʱ롰롱ŭȥ
ת۱㵽ͷһʹ˫ֽһڷ磬ݺ˹ȥ
䡪
ײһ㣬ľУӲӲײһ
£һѣ˫ʹƣһͷ˵档ڿն˼ͷ֮ٴ£гĶ쳹ɽ
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룬һһԵʯ֮ϣζȻ͵ԾϷҧгݵڴʱɫһ䣬˽á
ֻŲƶȻһŴĿĹâ̶һһһסԭ˿˿Ļ⣬ڴʱ㼯һ𣬱ֱ۴ϸ׹⣬͵غ˽ϡ
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ŵһУת顣һһƲ˫ءһ£
ߣӲӲ˭˭Կҿж磡
һסԼȫһʹݣԶԸд㵣ɽԭ˭ûиķأԼɽ֮𵤺ڵĸֶҵ֮⣬ʩչ׷к֮ȴκβǰѽ𽣣
СӲǽڵΪֵȴ𵤺ڵΪһĽͭһ㣬Ͼͷ
вӶƺһָһ㡣СӣһӲܳƵɽ֮
ʱһհ£ڵĴȴƾʧһҿˣһȥδʱһ㣬һӷȴΪĪһ衣
ɫһ䣬һŷʧĴͻȻð˳źɫĹâڵĶڲСޱ޼ʣ֮ˮ֮У󺣣˵Сϵ֮ʹ޴ӵֿ޴ܣֻܵȴűɵһ̵ĵ
һţɫ͸һ˿ãȻ󶦻תţڵ֮Уȥ
СӣһΪжıأߣӵ¶Ц־ˡһȻ³
һֻӽƮЩԺʱƬ嫵֮УǳΪеһˮ߻޵ķ磬Թ޻ڣͷĺΪء
߾ûʶһƷÿģһյһһȻһ룬һԶףáһڣȻһڼ߶һǧһΣ飬ٴι
˾ȻˣǰڻǸϤɽ޿κεĴ󶦣׹֮͵һ٣źɫâȻٿȻȭͷСڰС
ŵֻǻþ𣿿һĪһУԿٲľءСûһ뿪ԭءŭת
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ĴɣѼɫС졣߼Ĺɷ죬һɫ磬Ϯķɽ赲⡣ÿʱ򣬱㱻Ȼһʢĵǿԭأʹ䲻òԷȥ
ʹ߱ߣںεأɷңɫеļڽ֮⽥ŨתƳһŭĿӣڵιˣ㲻֪𡭡
ӽҪֳ˵ڹֳơжУˣ˿ɽʦɽ֮Ȼʦţкʹҵ
ŭɫһӲ˵Ϊ꣬ΪΡ
ΪοԲɹﶦߡһ˵һ׷ⶦĿھԷݡ㾹ڱǰʹ˶ϸд³
ǺǣӻȻҡͷ䳰û뵽лΡ㣬ֽеЩںεأ
С˲δȻ˵
ӵɫڣŭα֮ĳΪ飡
޺ûʶִܻϣʱɲɵʱɱƾСң£׷ҶѲ˸ϵ
Ƥ鴤£Ӻ޺һ˦۱תԼò಻ܱˣСȴһͻȻִ˹һֱ̽ۡ
޳ܣһҪûŭһֱһ֣ͬһáͬͬԴĽҪײһʱԭȾڰеСȻڹһٿȻߡ
һæͣתȥжһС۹г֮Ũ
ǡɹﶦڽ꣬Լôת۵Ĺ򡭡УоѪӡǣǡɫ䡣
һҽ˶㣬Σ룬ǳһ˵컯֮ҡɹ켺ΪΣ㷽̡
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ɽڣǰܣһں׷ʮɴСɽڣӰٿȥʱʱںվסҿܣ
ΣôŶԵù죡
æͣɽһǼ˳Թߡ
ɣѷӮǰռϷ磬ȴһʱ¶֡ұƽ񣬲⶷־Լɽֳ״ʹ˲Լͬķֽţ˼
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ⳡ׷УһΡ
һ˵£ͷеζûʧɫϱòš۹ʱ˼ֵĳ
ԵͰţԴ͵УЩη塣һڵʿ׷һ𵤺ڵĸɽܣ˭ţˡ
ʹŹӵˣĪڴ˰ɣ


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ɽ˼ȦӲǵˡÿÿҪתе֮ʱ㵽ͷ񡢼ܣſİҡУǱȲСӵĽ٣ҵطһЩ˵ˣü硣ôȥʱǸͷշұΪλұƽʬʱ򡭡
еӣ;ʱǸʱͷвʡͷٴλʱԥ;Ȼת
վס׷һһų˶ʮǸڡ
߷߽ӵӣһǰȥһвֹúⶸš顱һ죬㵹ɳȥʮԶأղסΣ˼վˣµؿȥѣһɳĺ̾Уɭס˶ڡ
ͷʲô߰ĶһûΣ£ƢһȭСӣ㻹δⷢɧ
ڷʿУؼoΪǿĪĴڡһһпߵʵˡ
һ˵зƿ󷨡
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һεƲƲ죬תԾһʯϣâ漴Ŀ룬ʯµһطȴΪư̾һǣܣɽеΪһ塣⣬˴Ѳ
תˣ˼һ䷨Ǳ߱ȥ;ұƽʬԱʱ˳ջâһֱֵˣȴڴʱͻȻֿͬʱ
ڶԷʮͣ½Ųһķң¹Բǵϣ˫üոȻŽ𽣣ϵɱδɫŲĿҰ벻
Ϊΰ֣۹ⶢԼĽһ漴ʲôǵҲʱԼóȻְ
ǽԼУȻ˼
ȻԼΪݣʶȤһЩΪá뵽˴һҡͷת߿òĴɳ˹еԷԱǾʬףɫΪѿ
ϵĹұƽѲˣҲ̶áһۣ̾˿һǧã򲻸ã㲻ɱСӣǴˡ
ߣһƤһǻǻңұɺɱңãƶ֮֮޲ӣ
ǺǣǿϷҡɳƵɤδֹ㱻ͻһϡ
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ԶһڵĺƼᷭ̾ĺٿȻܳ˼ӰֳӡЩæͣ´ǺٴλûΣȻסȵ·
״ɵɫҵ飬˵ϵʬתߣ˲֮ʱûһڲˡ
ȶڡֳѿ˶ڵΣк㱼˹ߵԽӭһǳߵͷԴһԡ
ɫҴңϳɳصֳɫصģ任˸ɫʵĪǳ⣿
˽ǰֳҡҡͷ˵˵˹ұɡ
Զһϸ
ԭֳӴѭһɽһʱ󣬻Ѱǰʧٵӡֻ˽ԱΪɷ壬ڿ֧š
Ϥɷֳ֮ӱ跨Խȣɹұɴżǿ³ˡ֪ǻͶԭɣ˫⶯֡
ұռʱбֳӲִӦսȴæҡһսʼˣ
벻ұɾȻԪӤڵԲһ߳һ磬յοֻ֪ôǿڵ¶ߣ˴Ե飬ֳЦһ˵ҵһһת
ԪӤʿҪֶԸұɣֳ˵תһ˼֮ʣüͷͷֿԼʲô
СѣãǺǣ
һζЦЦֳתƹļˡһҡҡͷ⣬µʮȥˣΪ㻹Цó
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ӹҩֻȲȥ
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˵ǰֳ˦ȥԷϵĺΪֱ˵ҩ漴һ־֮󣬱һԾۡ
Ƭ֮ϵĺԵֳο˵ϷĵҩеôֻգСת
һпУ׿𡣶Էɫĵҩ˿ڡ
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һδӦÿɷǡ⣬ڵɷδ಻еõҩʱ˵ĻĪֳӣ
ݴԶҴĵĵطһ֮֮ǿ֮󣬷ѰʿɱȡֳӵĻ£Ц⡣һɫ΢˵һشӣϷϳ
ŶԷһĬ
νԴһ岻ϰ֮ԴΪܣȴʿΪǿö֮˽ķţܱһ֮ϧϷҲֻڵ伮֪֮ЩΣ޴ӵ֪һǰֳ´ţ˵Сѽ֮ǿɼ֮ǿҪ֪ҵʿϾѪ֮ܲػͬʵʹۡ
һֳӣĥŶԷе⡣ǡ޵Ļвѵ֪Ӧţһ𣿲ֳӵǺüʶֻͷвЩ
һϷֻһ仰һ㡭
ֳͣ鳤룬˫ƣֱ͸ġͣ˼İء


556 Լ
ֳӵвѲ²⣬Ļͬһ㡣
һ˵ǰлֱ˵ϴ
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ڳ˽Կ˹е䲢δ⣬ֻǸԵɫж˼⡣
һ£ͷеӲʧӲضʧֱͦ
ֳӻ׿һɫ͸Щʧ䡣ԷǵȻɣŵĳϣ𣿡
һ϶ѣʽɽ°Ȼˡˣֳҡҡͷһʣǰ߳⡮žɷ󡯵ķӣ
ֳӵɫתһ糣̬Ƴһһת´ţ˵žɷ󡯣ӦΪŹ֮ұǽԾŹΪ󡣵伮ƣΪ졢ءˡ̡ҵϰ󷨽Ϊ̣ٲνơ˶ʯУԶΪ硢Ϊ㡢ߡһ֮󷨷ΪǬޡ֮㡢롢֮жһʯΪڣΪй
ֳ٩٩һ˵ܽˣ֪ǰ֮
ǺһЦֳӵûУһȻ˵ǺɱҵɰȻʱϷ²⣬ұ´󣬽Իɷ֮Ƶ֮ܣⲻѡס֮У˳ƶΪ
һٴ뵽˳˼֮УֳԹ˵ҵ벻ɽڵĹԴ˵еħޣ벻ɷ
ħޣһԾúɽһֱĹ죬ԼӯˮµġˮΡ
뵽˴һʣɽԺƹΪɣյˣļ򵥰ɣ
ͷһһֳӺǺһЦ˵ΪɣС˵ƹֻһɣ䣬ΪΪΪ㣬кηֱأ
ұĪǲǳָ˵ĵߣһʵ
ǺЦţֳ˵СԸΪΪ㣿ĪԼǲŪĵߣһͷ˵ұʱԻз
ֻ¹ұʱһֻ㡭ûзõҩ뾲йһֱ˵˵ڴʱ˹
ŶֳָӴŲɫ˵ˡԷ˵ǰ֮ǰұ֮ӹұƽΪɱ
ϷʱɴһʬȥȻͷֳתһҡͷʵɱ˹ұƽ
䵭Цţѽ˵ɱ˹ұƽӣĪɣ
һ˫һԲֳӡ
ź룬üͷֳӿЦҡҡͷһתʵ̵ѣһս֮
ŵڴʱ۾ɢ֮ԭͬޱ˵УһԵ˵лǰˣµΪȻް
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俴һ£̾һתȥֻһȻ
һֳ̣Уһ˴ûйԶ֮⣬һ²ؼĮȻԼɱ˹ұƽ˹ұɣŲɽѽ³ԹС
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ѵûʿһʵ
ûûйϹĥм˵
⣿һʡ
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ν⣿һ
ƨһ䣬ֵᴭĶԡʿˣһúУֻŪĻˣ񲻾ЩΪʳ棿ǧĹƣһȭȥԹܵڣߺߣ
ҵȭͷӲǰ򲻹ˡһ˵
򲻹ܣǳԿ𣡱ˣĥ͸ЩˣȥЩ档Ʃ磬Щڡ
ˣˣԼˡһԿЦɾǰΣɵøǰ
Ϊ˷ԾڣЩڱ˴Я֣εΪ׳ۡеᡢĳԾ֮ʱΪĿܴɵһɲ̱㱻ֶͬʳ֮
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΢΢ǣһһ漴ֳһƬů⡭ǰʤѩ˶ȼԾڵ龰ʹĳ
¡¡һɽ𣬾ˣͬʱһ£ɫʧתȥ
ڣһгˡΪһ۵ˣüף̬ϣ͸ɷŵˣֱȥĴһ𵤺ڵĳߡ
һڣ
δһϺȴ֮ʹתۼ䣬ڱ˴ʮԶֹס˽ŲǸŵˣƳһ֮Žɵ۹һϡ
ʱǰֳӲӡԷԣǾӺ⼸ӭļƣȻǶ䱸
ұɣռе֮㣬δؾӮҡ£̵ѸԼյĶԹһ˽ᣬѽֳӲԷʢˣǲ˵ַף׸͵ֳӵԣĳ롭
ţûڷŵĻ𣿡߾ǺɽڵұɣֹסԷ֮󣬴Ž˵ֳӲǶ֣Ȼ
˵ĳе飬ֳɫɣ˵ұɣĪҵԼ
ûŭһ϶ԷұĿ׹⣬ָŶ˲мص˵㣬˵æôãΪ˽һսѲ³·ػɱӡתָָһݺ˵±и˶ϣ˭ȫ壡
ұɵľֹţ˵ĳԶţδԪӤʿ
ٺãֳӵеҲסˡ³һüͷ˪غһɼжŭȴǸԼĬ֪ǹұɵ£ԭɡ
һСʿ˷ˣСӡ㡭̫ˣһεرͣɻߺŲͣ
һתӭұɣ̧°ͣĮȻв޾⡣ʱʼԻһУ𽥱
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557 ԭ
ұɵâתǰƱˡЩһȵСӣ
һ鲻һص
ָϣ䱾˸׿ڵұɻЩŵҡҡͷ˵ɱ˱ڵӹұƽ
һͷϡ
ΪһƱģ˭ǰ˵ĵұƽɫ࣬ɤＷһ䣺ɾжλԪӤֵǰѣɱ˱ڵӶң㣬ȻǸһ
£ұƽȻӶֱۣŭֻнڵΪƾʲôɱ˹ұƽٽϵɾŷϣʹһЩ
һһԷ˵Σ䱸ɳǣ˵ƾʲôɱ˹ұƽǰȥѰʸף
ӣһֱžɷסഫұŭʢȵɣ
ɫڣͷǰһҪػұȴֱ̧ۣŭһ˵һҲᣬٷľ飬Ȼ
ǺǣȻǰǿѻꣿмķһһЦһ˵ǸӺã澭ˡε¶벻˵أұǰλǰ˵һ˵֮ǰԼ˫֮ڣĳһϴű飬ȡģ
һɾžʲôһֱΪ֪˵˶澭֣ʹڳ˶ݡ
澭ɾűǡ澭һ󣬹ұϵƶȻ
ǰƪıǡ澭ʧ׷ʵ
ֳ鳤룬˼
˵һһһ˵ɾΪ²֪õ⡶澭ǰӤƪģеֻƬˡƣ顢ΪɵĳʼҴĵʿδ;⾭á
˭˵ãдáұ͵ػӶֱۣܣ˵ԪӤ֮󣬾Ȼл顢塭Сӣ澭ƺˡ
һ֮£ŵ۲ɵᶶ£ӰһһٿȻ֮䣬ֳԭʧȥӰ˲ĲԶ빫ұɳ˶֮ƣΧ˵䡣
ңұƶɷˡ
ȻáֳǴεЦ˵ұɣΪӱ㣡ɡ澭һרС
ת֮䣬һӾػһԣӡɡˣڴʱԶԶɢȴǷסܵȥ⣬¶һĨЦ˵֮ڣΧ֮УһСܲȥλǰʹǰԼٺúһαΪһ˺Ƥأ
ʱһһ׵ĸϵ⣬ȴ֪Ϊ롣ĻδЦʹλԪӤ
۹ɨֳӣûаֵ˼ұǿŭһ䣬ЦҪֵøݣҹұƽ㵽ף
ޱ飬ĳδ¹˭
֮󣬱ֳ֮֮ӻ˵һ䡣
ұɲмһΪԵ˵Ǳɱ֮𣬻Ϊǲ澭СӶҵģžɷ֮У˭ҲӡŵĻδ䣬һЦŭСӣҼЦڣ
Χ֮еһͬκеһҶۣʱΪûأ޾ɫ鵭ȻһЦŹұɰȻ˵ΣΣſɴϵõһƬǲ֮ͬ飬ԸߡתƳֳЦһ׸ơӬӪ֮
ɫһ䣬߳һڲ㣿
Һиڣһſڱ㲵˻ȥֵĹأ֪ˣһ׸Ӥľġ㱻ʮ꣬ҿйԹԣĪ˵û֪ڵĿ֮˵һصһ֮ͬ飡ֻƣεĶʩֵͷйֵĳ⣿
ɫ԰ףעһ侪ȲѣЩ֪롣ԽͣȻһпұԴ㵣̶¶Ц
˾һߣҵһɣһɤŸ߿˵һ̹ϣ˵ѽ澭˫ַϣǰ㡭
Сӿֳ֪⣬ʿɫȻŭֱ⣺ʦ½ɥĲ񣬲ǱƵҾһԸ𣿡
ֳ鳤룬£һԲԶĹɫȻ粵䣬ȴ
ԴǼ֮һһﻺתŹұɲ˵ҲóĶˣ˿Եõ
ű˵һͨѵ⣬Զԣ鷢ұɵһ˿ĪĿ⣬ЦЦ쳹ɽ꣬ҡͷ˵Сӣʶ˲ͶҺɽڣŵĻֻϧղ˵ء
ǵ˵Ҳüʶ£һ˵ֻиԼò
ұϵǻģ
ұƽɱʦұĪҲѰָ˵ȴ޴֪ǵ䡣˴ѰǺұˡһ˵
Ǻɱҵӡұɫһ漴ŭ忴ֳӣתһЦ֪˵Լ𣿡
˺ô󾢣ǿãΪһΪȻ˵Һ£
ұߵ£һһСӾ֪ûиϵˣ
ǰСӱбѾ֮Сڻ뱾ڶұſУ͸ĵ⣬ſ˵һ꣬˾ɾ֮һ£ŷսżһս֮ҵȲж֡ʹ˼ʹ죬ҵȲ֮ܰˣΪʿϣΪ𡣿ŶԹӣһʱǰӣܰ
ʴˣ̣һ£˶ǷǶԹ֮򡣿ҽҺɽΪУ֮ޱʤ֮Ǻǣڴ򲻹ܣ˭κң˾ٷҵȳԡ
˺󣬾飬ٴ̶ɱذսʶƲԸ֣ҵ㲻ܣһսӮ
£ұɴϷʵ鿴һ˵⣬֮ɼΪУһתźСӣ˵һûиϵɱ˹ұƽΪߵһҹұɽڵδڡˣ
˵˴еʹޣұҧгݵ˵Լ֮ҸһԣҪʰ㡭


558 ѹ
һ⣬ԭˣ
ΪζұɵĶ׷ΪԼʾƹʱȴԴ޶ԣΪҪĵԼǸԼΪ⡰ȡ¹أʾһȴǴ䲻Ϊֳһٶ˵һ˴ȵȣȵȣɻ벻⣬˷룬ʵ
ֳǰ˵ˮʯһʵ
ֳɫ£˵ߣͼǰδرǴѽǷˮʯʼˡ˼˵ƭ˲ռ˵ˣֻǶûƭ㡣УΪһˮʯˣҿδء
ߣ㡢֮һЦҡҡͷֳ˵ұԺƹΪΪ㡣֮ǰԼΪɽΪ㡣ʵ˵ǡ
תұɣԷһɷһ˵ȲԷԱսһһǺǣ˵ǣȵȥһյЦˡҲ㣡
Χ֮У֮ʣһǲȻɫһֻǣͦεΪµǺ˫Уǲй䣬һĨɫ
һҪ˵ɽ⣡ԶԶһ鿴ĵûɵػ֪ΪΣһ֮Ըʧԣֲ̾һ
ãٲõͽˡһšұɱɤ𡪡
ͷˣΪǣСӣµݲ⣡
أһʵ
ϻˣұв͵غһƶȻ𣬺ȵڲҪҪġ澭仰δ䣬һƾճ֣ٿȻһ
ںֵһɲǣֳڲԼͬСһϵġ澭Ϊұá
λԪӤͬʱ֣һţɫĮȻһȻѣʹ⧲˲һ
Զ䷢һڳ˽Ϊ֮ȻΪֵĹұɣЦȴȻֹֻǺ֮УһӰɢȥ̶ԭʧӰ١
ڴ̧֮ͷȥұŭȵһܲ

ȡɽϣ΢ĹâðһӰΣͷӳΧ
ˮѼĲȱͼ޲ɣһõΪ󣬿Ԥ¹̶󷨣ʱضһ֮⣬봫ƣԶȴʧΪһ÷ӡ
֮ǰһԸǰ;գƶ;Էݡɽ֮ʱȵɽٴһӶݵ󷨡Χ֮ʣѰһƬڹұɳֵһ˲佫飬ʱ߶յء
ˮΪɱ˳ˣָȥδ
ɱ֮𣬻Ϊһ˽ұɱزݡλɽڵĵˣɷѿİ˵̣޷Ҫڣڶ澭޵֮ҪΪҪǳЩνĳɾ𣬲˶Ŀ˵ˡ
ֳ֮Լͬǽ֮вɽ֮ʵǰһʾ磬ʲŶе飬λǰ˵ľֹǰྶͥ˰֣Ϊˡ澭
ţǴһʯͷƣˡһ㣡룬ֻȣһɳ죬ѹٿȻԶȥ
дܳұɵӰŭغһ㻯һ׷ȥ
ڵһִӵð˳˸߸ն
⣬Ѳ˹ұɵȥ򣬲ֳҡͷ˵һóݷڵӳʱɼһߡͽ޹ȥһطȺ򡭡
һȥδʵ
ֳ£ĿԶ΢΢ЦЦ˵һأҵŪɳ׾ˣǵǸ־Զ֮ˣһطز

һ뿪ȲϢĹ򣬱еǿʶɨǧֳ֮֮ʱһΪǿʶȻ롣ǹұɣĶ˵ľˣ
ҵһٴڿʧȥӰƬ֮һȥǧڷп񱼵ζ£㵡ǵʶδʧԽԽ
ұĪǶáȻóĶݷ
СӣôˣŵĻŷߣұѾ˲ǧ
ǰԶһۣһüͷ־ȴͣȥ޷ķԭѰ˶˷ľԶ򸾽䣬ֻΪԷˡû뵽ұɻ׷죬Ѳʶ͸Ӳ
޷ǲȥˣ޷أȻ޷ţΪ֮ƣֻˡһмƽϣж顰һֻԶһƼ¡¡ķɷǾˣֱԼתۼ䣬ǷֳұɵΣ֮ʹļµŭ
Ӳڵġ
һͶһƲ΢ĹâӰɢȥ
ұڶȴٴ˿գ漴ʶȥ֮⣬һһɽðΣ漴һʧӰ١
£ұת·һ̣ǸϤӰǧ֮һʧˡ
ߣ컹أڶŹ㡭ұɺţֻһ˦һڿնȥ

޷ȥȵ·ϣÿһĲһ͵ķڴʱôɺйұ׷߱ŵĵ̣ǰȣ˵ӭͷײֳӵˡʴˣһǹ֮ʩչη֮תϷȥ
գһãã󺣡̸Ĺұ겻ɢҳɣѭź
֮һ˲¶ʮԱ·вһһͷһ˵ĵ
ֱʮһĶѨ֮һֲͳһѵʯۻˣ
ȥգ۵ĵ棬еһŻ۾¡ϵһʯмڲ߲ݵ֮һ·ȥҲ˻Ż˿ɫ˼
˴˴ԶĶڣʮ֮ڣΪڵĵ̡Žط԰ġ⣬ұɵĶپˣ֪ʱ׷غЩԪӤʿʶǰͷ²δǸ÷ӡ
˶һ϶һöԪʦ˵ŵԪµһŶͼעʦ˵֮ءǾశʮ֮һطɴ޶
ͼбעĵط£ϸϸ˼飬˼֮һóһö򡣴ͼΪ޶ͼעһϸϸߣ۴棬һֱյȥȴδ
δڣʮа˾űǸݡĵطϸ߱ע;һԣСֵڹע˵޶ÿĶкڷ糱γɺ˵ıϣ֮䣬ÿʣʱУǿŰĺڷ糱޴ڣ֮䣬֮ûеʿҲһͷԵˮʱ޶֮˿Խ
ʶΩ޶Ķٵʱ򣬲ſڱϵķ϶֮Ѱһ·֮⣬;
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559 
ǺһѰС֮ΪbϸĵԶԶȥһ˺ϡ
ǧĴС죬bСʤ˾סĻĵɴʱ۵СȴӰ
۵ʿһƬƽ̹ɳ̲æš
˽ǶʮͣһԸ߱ʦ֣˲Ϊһ̬ƫߵʦΪԵͣΪ㡣
ʦܴӵѰЩ֦ɳ̲һСͳһЩװ֮ƿƿ޹ްһԣӣڿ˼ƣʦߣ׳һӰĶӺˮﴮ
һζźƮɢˡ
ֵĵϣʦŵĳİѵҵдֶΣӹõҲСʦֳζΡʦܳſ㣬ﻹԸš
ʦһ̳ӣ˻Σǵʦ۷Ź⡣ԵõһЦ˵ҿϴλؼҵʱ˼̳ƴϣǺǣ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪ʦֲԿһ롭ʦܲʧʱشǬһֻ˹ȥʦЩ˵ϾЩưĶ˵ţΪ䵹ơ
ʦܶһڣЦƣԺɽɽҵȾþӺϿǷԼأʦЩʦеĿɾûζˡָŵϼСɵĹӣ˵ǱƵĺΣݵζǱˮ֥һƵľͣʱһΣ
ʦһ˵ʦ־⿾ζǲеľ̳ӣǺЦȥ׽
ʦͷǣûʰ̳ΪԼƣЦݡ
ߣʦ׳Ǹϸġӡһɡɡɣȥٿû뺣ˮвˡʶУʮ㱻ӡһǺһֱһУȴ滺ĺ˺룬һӰ̤
ͻ״ʦ־֮ʣɴ۾
ǺȾƵʦͬǴ㵵ģȴͻȻʲôæӵ룬ѶһɲûһѶãǴֶȥ֮ȥһŻ۵ǰϻһ㡣ʦŵɫȴԭزŲ㣬Ȼơ
߽£飬ʿԮתʦֵܶˣʵ֪ŵˣֿϵĿ㣬޵㡭
δ˼Ҷ֣Լû˻֮ǿʹ޴ӿܡʦֵ֪˸ˡ
ðǰʦܼĿ죬æģڵ϶ˣֻͷһĿʦС˵Ƕڵӣʦǲڴ˴פأǰ˴
ֵܶ˴£ǴŵЦ⡣תĹ֮ʣﾫâ˸꣬ת˦ԣƫCЩ˵ղѽ
λðǰ޶һºͣʦֵͷ԰ֲֽûæʩ񣬿ڳưݼǰߵʦԳİƫݵʦԳΪ˳ΪڵѲӡ
λǰ˼ҡķŹֵܶˣ˳е㲻ģ۰Ͱ͵ʵţɱͱɱʦİҪȥʰ㣬һæ˻ʵʵӡ
к˵һ䣬°Թ̧ȡһС«׺һھơʦֵɵվţüһ˵㣬ƣ֪һС
˻ʰæµȴǰҡҡͷٴξĺ«ɫ͸żֲײĽ
һڵ¶˼˾󣬲СˣŷǶڵĵӡڵıԶӵʲô
ǰ޶ȥѰ˵źڣƬΪؾ֮ءȻҪƸӣҪ߸ʮĺ·ˡұǷ׷˹ǰһν޴֪ڵĵϣ˵̽ЩϢ㣬һʩչˮǱ˹
ƵĿ͸˵ζʵ֮һڰʾڵĵӲعڣóһ̳˵Ҳˡ
λǰ˵ƽ׽ˣʦֵܽû˾нԷʣԼǲ
ʦųŵĸڶ֣ⲻʴˣұϵĵӾڸפأֻʿټʱϱ˵ţ˳ž̳һڡİ˵Ҷƫһ磬ʴ£˵кɽڵĸãǡ
Сʱ˵޴ǰǺˡžƣάţ˳ֵʦֵܶ˲£Ųʲôɽڡأٺ٣
İ͵ʦųڴ˴Ҫһ²ͳʳҶ汲Ǵźвڶš
ʦֵ׽Ϊʲٺ٣˳оƺȣû֮ǣָͣȻȴ߻һλɲĸˡ
Ϊŵӣ֪鲻࣬ûʲôģʦֵһһ˸֪һС
ʦֵ˵һ˼ɴƬУССĵϽʿפء˵ʦڣ˺ɽڸ˵ָʹںƹĸԼ֮߱󣬹ұٵԭɣ䱾˲ڡȡȥѲ²⣡
ǵȵʱ˵ű·еһ·ȥˡЩ˶ʹùұɲòֶϷԴ
ұ־֮ʲô⣬޴Ӳ²⡣Ŵ˾ٵʲô
ˣǧŵʿѰһãȴԼĿе֪źʵڡʶһص̨֮Լֳֻӵһ֮ơסԼ֮ǱǲȥѰ١Լʱգһˡȡֻڹ
˵Ĵ󶯸ɸֻ꣬Ϊӭʦźֳ˵ˮʯ񣬼ʼǡ
һվĿԶֻ̲Ƶʹ֮УС࣡
űķһۣתڿնȥ
ףȻλǰˣĿͽԶȥ˳һҲѡ
˴ֵֻܶˣʲôǰأʦܣ㿴ʲôİһԷľ̳ӣЦ˵ʿ;˴Ϊ棬ˣַˡ
˳£漴գ۾ٺЦʦԣֻкȥʲôʿҾư


560 ׹
һδǰУǵͷˡڲΪǣµǹұŷѮµĹŰԪӤ֣ʵڲ鷳
Ų֪зѰ˵źããѰһʿ֮أ̸סԼȻ֪Ǹطʵȥһ֡
һֻϤйؾݵһС
򲻴ɴܵ·߰ɣ
תܿڵı֮һ̹Ȼࡣ󺣵ȥ
;Ϸ籩һ߸Խƶˣеһ˽¡żʱЪϢգȻŶͼ·ǰ
һ֮һŵĵط١ֻһУһʯָת
ʱ޼ĺˮԶû˾ͷһ˷䣬ζһص˵˴ɺʱıôһֱǰǰ
ÿն³һܻעĿãĬĬתֹʼһŹǣһҷ¶طУȥѰԼ㡣
ոһգֵľӿõԵʣƣһ෨ȥŽ⣬ȥرܣȥЪϢͣ϶Ͻ«еˣ˼Ȼһھ¶ǣǰ·мįӰȥĪ˵ޱߣе󣬳ռȡ
ֹȥһ࣬Ѱŵĩʱ֣һںһӡͣóһö
ͼϵıǣΪڵıڣʮͨ޶ǰ֮⣬ǵԪˣԪѰʦźĵط
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ʱв֪ĺ֣ʮɣС߲ӯ磬ǧٹ֣һĿϾӡⲻڴˣ³˶ʮž򶴲󷨵Ϣ
ЪϢʮգһٴնԾ˺档Ҵ⣬ɽãȫ𡰷ǰȥ
չһͼǵطȡǰ﷽ԲĺϣǧСȵĵ岼ĲЩΪڶСǳûеһЩӰŵʿ
Ƭط˵֮أĪֳӻһͬͼԣˣŵʿֺαڴ˴ĿѰ٣
һڿ´Щʿ鲼ķʶĵط̽顣вֳӰ޹ұɵټӦһ·˵ɡ
ڶ࣬βסô˵ѰĪͼ
ʱǸ˵һŤͷȥɱ£һں˲ʮԸʹ˷
ͼıǣŷ׷ɵʶһƬϿաĵܼʿĿȥһʮɸߡʮɴСĽʯδ쳣
ⲻһѰĵΪĲۣǸĺȥͼϸıǣһطƬ֮һãڽʯܲ鿴
һİڣˮ˻һ˫ӣͫ֡ʱʶɨҵˮ

ͬʱǧ֮һϣŶʮˣҵʿ䡢ӡʩȸ־СԶһСɽϣӸԶ˷ֱֳ
ѹȥ࣬δӰǿյһ˵ŻȻǱϼȾ죬ӳĺˮɷǺÿۼľɫ룬ֻǸСӻ᲻֡
Զ£ֳתӭĺɫĶȻ˵ΪʹȴúδƵУ
ѺĿ϶𻺻תֳһЦ˵ǺǣСӲҵ⣬Ψһԭɣִš
Ŷһ˵Ըꡭ
һõʦŴ棬֪˾ݵĴڡ˵Ըڴ𣿡һֳ˵ţǸݵĵطϺõĹ뵤ҩǣҸĪ˵ԪӤڡڵĸ֣лڵǰֹʦΪ˳˼ĺ룬ȴʼѰһͨе;
˵˴ֳ̾һֵŴƬطΪԴҵԪǧ꣬ڵСӻԵԸ
ɫһֳӣʵݣطԷӦֻȻ㲢ΪĹм澭Ҫ
˵ͷֳ˵ˣҶ̵ʲôбˣ澭˭Ҫأһ˾ݣ޺ӣ
˼ֳ˵ǰһóĵ伮֮£Ѳ²ʦѵĵطĨȥйصļأȴð⣬ұѴڱغ򣬿ɼСӻ˺ϣ˵Ƶ˴˴
ݣǸĶԷĪֳ˵ԼΪ𻼵ûʧֳԪ޶࣬һᣬһһСˣδķǿĸԶ뵽˴еĺ׳־һǽϼѤ˼ֵʵ
һٿֳֽ̧˹һöһĬĬ˵ͷ˵ұѸ˹棬ҵȻǻطɡ

ˮµļǽʯһųâϸϸŽµһƬطȥҵʯƿˮ¶µʯ
߳ʯһ΢㵡ȥһ󷨳ǰһ
ʱĺûʲôһ룬ͳʯϡһУּһ־ֻˮ΢ĹâӰʧ
ֻһ˲䣬һǰһյɽ嶴ڵΣһ̧һץͬʯ˳ʱƬʯϷ
˴֮һŵϵʯĥһŴǰɽ
͵֮죬ɼ˴෽ŵǴԶɴɽǶөʯһƬּͨž쳣һɫһ䣬ǰ˼ǰʯǰһʿźѸֻ°׹á
أǧǰλˣŵʦ˵źˣһ£ݣ˼ݡ֮´ڱ
תһɫһ


561 Դ
߹ǺԱߣһǬһֽ̧ץЩĴ
ǬĴϾһĽƣ΢
ףƵЩ죬һصõǬϵĽƼΪ¡һóһǸԭװеѥʯǬĽѱȥϣʲôţǬ˵һˡֻеһղأһԪˣԪˡ
˼Ƭ̣һϸϸнƵǬ͵һץˡһڵĽѣһࡣ䷭תһµһѵĶ򡢷ϻơҩԼȵȣӦоУͬһⷿʹĿϾӡ
£һ⣬ҪĻ۲ôĶһƣСšһŵӡ
ŵӲǬˣ֪ιʱշת䵽ԼСΪţһһ鿴ǰ֮
һйءɾͼһʱŪ便˵ǵŵĹϾʱԽһ£һƪ˵һнΪĲöǡɾͼһ⣬ɾͼ
ȻǴĵţŵɾͼأʲô
һǬ֮ɻǱ߲ȥеһö򣬰ҡͷɾͼôôɾأ⡰ɾںη
벻׵¶̫࣬һ󣬲鿴ʮƿװĵҩδţȴ̺ǿƷ಻ǽʿõĵҩŵӾǺεȵΪԪӤʿǴ˵еĻʿ
ͼһһöǰһͼбעһƬİΪһϸϸߣ۴ĺ棬һֱյȥȻ޶
ͰţһȲѡǼߵ޶ȥݵ·̣жԶ
һæóһöµͼͬ;ıʾǰƴ۵ϸߴһ𡣽俴˺һҡҡͷ
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ͷһǰ˿·ߣԶֺη
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ƴͼͬһԽϵĵ·ݣ·ѲңԶ
һֳ˵ź˰ݡͼ֪ڣŷɽھȻһƣʶ
ǱٵĴǰһϵʯʰϸϸꡣ붴֮ߵϵǸ󷨣ͷһ²⡣
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֮Ԫȥ֮ʱ̶ˮ֮һȥֱǧԺǸɽԪ۵ĺˡ
ǰڣӦ˵һЪϢĵط޶£;ôһɽȻҪΪҲΪ֪ʶžѰʦźã֮СԪˣԪѰ˴ʵżȻɣԼ㡭
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һѰ˽Ƶı˵һ䣬ǰˣſ³˽һɽһȥ
һ󣬽Ʊһ˸ߴСĿӣ͸ʶɼȺҫҹա˽ЪϢд˳ȥعӰ˹
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в󷨣˽ʱЩѰ˵źΪΣҪԸĻԼ𣿰һڣһҵתաҫȺǵҹȻˣȡ֮һɵδɣһͷ׹£뺣ˮУͬΪ̾ͣзɽ
תˮһ۲ͣδƬ̣ĴڡƬԲĵطȻһټ󷨣ڡ
裬ֱӭȺŹ˵Ƭطȥܲûʲô룬һɽ׷ٴڵСϷҧμ֮ʣ׳죬ֽǬ̺ݺȥ־һ﷽ԲСʱΪǬ֡
顢顢顪׷ķɽ衣һ˫أֳΣŭӡ
СӣԹܣʱ
⺰ܵ⣬Ϥżʿ̤Žشˣ˭
û뵽ŻôƧĵط󷨣ԴԼһ³ΪƾԾɣΪɽ𣬹һа߰ھʮĪǡһеԭɣԼˡһ֮࣬ǽܵο
ڵСɣһСݲ¡ںǸѿİӣǲ⡣˴ǸдĵԶ״һɫ࣬Ըֹ̲ʦֺ֮ο಼´ⲻǶһЩͽͽǧ겻ҪȴǿӿҰ
ֳ϶Ц棬ȴ˷ʤϳɾ˵ľ㣡
Ϸ˻һµĹ򣬲Ųɽŵķɽ󷨣ȻʦϣСӻ洳˽Ǻǣҿ㻹ӡӵĽҹ´ĺԶ
һüͷӣִ𣿡
ҹɫڲȥϵŭŭ޳СһϷƭѣǶ֡
ʱֻһָֻţµǼŵСܣԶӰѲ߮Ƭǽ䱸ɭϣ
ֳȥ˺δôֵĳǸʼٸأǸͷǳֻ֣»鷳
˼תһ˫üź⡣֣˵ӣٴһΡ
ǺǣƾһССڴ˹Ӳдҳ˵мЦţӻδ䣬ֻһΣת˲󷨡һ漴³ݺ˵սãȥá


562 Ʋ
һԾǬһɲǣ͵׳еĽ
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ĸ֮һԸĲһڵĺ˲֡ʶ˶֣߽ڹ
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İΣʱǣһĽ಻ˣ̧лطɽʩػ
ʿķСӵΪͣܵļʿһüͷԷþսȥԿĻԼΧΪ
󲻹ˣұ̡콣󡷵
һɿһ־Ȼȣѱ˫ȭһ㡭
ʧٶͽܱ˻ˡŭյѸ͵ĽⶸȻʧɱ糱ˮһӿͷɣԷĳâ¡һϢˣһ˫ȭΪӡԼͽ壬
ĵͻ⣬͵ҧ⣬漴˹ŭСӣϷʩչδֹɴ۾
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ĪĿɱ䣡ŭ֮£һ˵һ䡣
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⼸ʿ˶ڣ۸еƵ£
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顢顪ĺڶϵļæͣϵһ޶ԡ
ڼΧ󷨵ʿԷ˷֮ʣͻȻһҺ𡪡

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ͨͨˮ֮ʱԶȥΩкˮĲỺ
·ͻȻʹ⧲͵Ϯ֮£ˡҴʿ಻ҶԶԶ㿪һǬâŽ۶ȥ
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䡪
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㣬һһٴλصԭǸСϡǬ֮޺޵һƨڵϣֱֳӣб¾ʮ꣡
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Сϣһϥȴǰ׿ԶǡӰƮƮ̤նֳӵЩЦݣɫˮɡ
һƳˣתԶȥ֮⣬ȻǺɽڵһˡеĹұ𺣬ɷʢһϤӰǸĶʵຩ֮ˣλĪĪʦ𣡹ұĪԭܵ˺ϣһΪѰˣߣ
Сѣ벻ּˡֳԶԶкģһԲ֮תˡ
۹ڽǰϣһأԶŲ˵ֳǰ¿ǵˮʯʱˡ
ĮȻһֳ˵˾ƲѰҡҡͷɫת䣬ŭֵӵ˲޶⣬ɱϷΪѰ


563 Ǳ
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⣬ֳӻһνǷǶԹһ̡Ӧ˵ģӦ
ֳӵõ˵飬һסЦĪϣһ治һףۣǰ곤꣬С֪޷Ǳˣ޷ǣ֮ȻǣԱ򲻼֪֪֮ǰ˵ƫ˽ɣ
Է¾ĲͬҶͣȴ۾˵ϹֻΪԼ룬ôΪһصһأΪһ˽Բҵɽ⹶ϣ֮󣬻ܵѰĽڡֳ϶Ī㡣Ƥĺʵ޳ߣ
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һ۽̧˼ȴɡ
ֲֳ޳˵ǧﲻһŵֻҪ㽫ʦ棬˼µĶϷԵȥʳԣ
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ֳһСΪ⣬β˵µڴ˴Ѱգһ£ָ㣿⣬ϷҪ㽻ʦЯ֮ǲȱ򣡡
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Щֳδ֣ǸʩչΪػظһ㣬âУСŤţš˴ƣѾ﷽ԲڵһС
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ָң㶫ĺ棬ұĪ빫ұ˵һˣ˭˵ٴδԪӤǰȻأΪ
ұĿǰһ˵֮ǣΪ롣СʬΣݣߣֳӾȻôһ֣ҵȽ󷨣ʵɶ񣡽ĴɢΧס󷨡
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һϣһŮԿһ졣һ£òȴģеһпεҡҡͷɫж˼ֵǡ
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ǵյһΪʦȥΣ
ΪʦҵĲȣΪֹǰΪӦ
ʦʶ˲ʯǸĥѶ٣ƶΪʦ̾磡Χ˵ΪʦΣ

Сϣǵеһüͷ
ֳԪӤֹ֣һʱֵļһֻýٳ󷨣һи
ԸֵǿǬ벻ļӳ֡˴Ϊ࣬һǸеƣ˵ݣɹˣ̲סͷǰʮˣַȥ˭ܵˣ
ҧҧһɿһ־֮תǽ֡


564 
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˵ʦġԼҵĶԸԼⲻǾۣң
ֳӲΪȻغǺһЦ˵󷨳֮ףظвͬȸϹ֮λҲһ֮
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ֳӵ׷һ֮ʱұɫһǣֱ̤죬Ǹ߸Ծŵķ⺣ֱǰȥ

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ֻҪǰ谭ת˲ᱻ׷ϲΧʱֻ±ȵ컹ѡ
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ʱ겻Ƶȥϼէйһֳ졭

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һмЦ˵ԪӤƨʿȫһˣǰһ࿰ԪӤڡ
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ߣ⻹࣡С뷨ӰɣҾˡδ˵꣬û˶
뷨ӣʲôӣҲһӣ
һȥ׷ĸһת֮ʯеһ߽Žһǰۡ
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׷Ĺұ΢£ȴʶ֡漴һǰ׷ȥֳͬδͣ٣ֻͷ·
һӰĺͻȻð˳δվȣͳһʯֵĽǰһָ漴һȥ
һݰԪӤʿʶȴһòΪ֮ʹĶݷաƵġݷ
ԭɾʱһ󡰷ݷƷŶãȴõˡ
һԷ֮ϰһֱڶꡣǽƵһϾʱǲʶµʱз֮ȥơݷ
йƣһͨһܿ˿ʩչݵȴֻһݰġݷԲ㡣ֻǽ֣δⶫó
˴뿪ɽʱһרһЩݷߣʱӦ֮һݰﲻԶܽ˴
һٴʯΪɶõƷʯǿӿѸδ̻㻯ԴԴעֵĽ֮С
һֻвٿƷʯʱãȴĵڲܲ˵˳
һƷʯ̺ϽٿƷʯ֮Ķٱ֮ǰɡһڵʣ޼ȴɻָνͬƴ
Ķٿ죬ǱȲԪӤʿշСǰ˲һʱұ׷֮£һֻٴμݷԷİԶ
գһϵġݷʣ޼ɺ˻ƶᣬ׷ͣôȥҪ׷ϡǰĴãã޼ʣǸŵĵطûСɼʹеأƾԼһɵҪסԪӤֵڳ˵Σʱֻ㡣
ã˻ڵصĿ񱼣ǳָ·Ȼ˭֪ܵʲôطȥǰԶ㵽޶ڶδ֮ǰǿǾذ
һʮﴦֳԽ˹ұɡǰĬ׷šʱʱҪһҩסƣȴأԲϷֻǣ֮ʮԶ˴˵Ľδ
ңֻ׷ҵʱ򣬱һƨɵʱòһƬݷǰϸָ֮Σû֪
ǿͷľ⣬һЩػعͷȥʮĺϣֳ塢ӣһһҴ׷֮ʮﴦǶһ˵Ĺұɡ
ұɵһʱòˣȻĻ׷ֳɢ׷ǷԼ;תӡ˵ΪǸ׷Լ
һʱ벻ףһ·
ϵˣҹգ׷ɡֳں治׺УԶһЩǹұִŵӰʮԶ˴»֮ȴٿһ׷𣬾ǿһ֮С
һƬݷʡˣһδ˶һ˿ңͷв˲¶ʮ·̣տɾ͵޶ĪҪǴٴסԼֳһһҵƣΧ֮⣡
һĵӦˣգ˵ɡͬв˵˲Χ
һҹȥһקżǰɡ߲˶գ񽻴ᣬƣΡ
˻ʮ֮⣬һϻ˿Ʒʯȴüͷµʱԭնǰȴǻ޼ʣɵѱ澿ǲӣͬʱΪһ㵭֣ǲصһƬ磬ʹȴ
Īǣ޶
֮Уһһֱ׹ȥɫһ䣬æɽ˽ǰԶֹסȥƣڿСȴóˡݷεתȥ
ռǰǸ˲ˣֳδǰƽĹұɣסһȥ·
ǴϢ乤򣬹ұɺŨü׵ϴż־ɫ۹ȴǴŸĺ⡣ֳģһΪȻֱһȥ
ңңֳӣԷȴǲҡҡͷ֮˼תǰ
̤ŽһںϡųĹұɣޱ飬ȴе
һôˣĽôˡұһȣһŭһȥʱ޲ýǰС̻ˡ
һԪӤʿеǿߣȻһСĽǱӴܣǵʱӵÿ죬ֻ²ô򵥣˵ᶪԹұ˵ܴ裡СӣɱԼĶܣ˺ɽڵİƣܲΪ֮ߺޣ
ɶСӣɱ㣬ƽͷ֮ޣɱ㣬ѩͷ֮ܣƤ֮󣬽ҵģ澭ҵģһжҵġ
ұɷˣ䣬ʢ˶һӣȴЩܻζ˵һɱ˹ұƽ빫ұĪлʵ˵һ˺ɽڵĺ£δԩˡͼһᷢأ֮ν޷粻ˣ³
Юŭ𡢳ޣгʢ̰ұһھԷɵʱζȻ³תɫһ䣬æͣĹˡ
֮һ˿ʯûЪϢһ£˵Ķ
ұһʱǰɫʱԶȴԺϵ״Ԥϡ
޶Զģ˼Ϊ֪֮УΩŵĵ伮й޶ļء˵Żֳ̤նȴֹ֮ͬסΡ
һ̤貨ޱ飬۹תšһƷʯһšݷδһ̵Ĵ⡣
ұֳ֪ӻл˵ŶԷʱĶ˲ǰһҩȥı䡣
ÿ궬֮޶񲻷ɣ۲ɣҵʿ˴뷲ûʲôؽƶڿգⲻҪ뺣סµʱֻǰ£Ƭ˾ءءءһ˵ֳӵĻ£ζĿһԷΪȻƲ죬ҡҡͷ˵ˣѰĲһ·ϷΪ
һЦһ£ֳӵĻᡣԷ˵ֻһ·ߣǰ¡ٵʱϷȥѰһͨݵ·


569 ·
ֳӲһϵĶӼӵĶԹֻԷɽš֮׻׻֮Уν࣬Գߵʵߵķ绳
ʱֳӣһʶǸֳЩͬǷŵһ˲ɵѵ룬˲òܵһֶͣΪ֮ȥж£ȥ㣬ȥ̿֡
һǰ£ǲ󣬻λͱ˵ԪӤ֡ı󣬻ƶããһƬŶ߼ʣǺɳ޶
һΪ޵֮ˣأĪҪԼĳֳӣڣңָŴʾ£˵һƬˮǷأһ·ȻвͬһգתȥΣԨ
ǺǣһüЦǣʵһԷ׵һ·ΪƣȻΣӲΪȴʱʱ˰㡣ȱƵ˾أΣԨ죿Ե˴бֳӣȻֵͷһƬˮǣҺθɣ飬壬ұ㽫ˡˣһԡ·Ρ
ֱһָһη飬˵·ģĪһ··Ҳ·
ȻĻںԶȥ
ֳ̾һ˵һУβֺοأΪһָһ·ɶԷȴ˵ƫִΪ޵֮ˣ֪˴󰡣
û˵ԶԶעһ˼ʶ˶꣬ʱգӶԷϿһ羰һȣһ˭ţηһк˵ϤȴԼԶһôˡ
ұĿСӣĪҪװģˣ󻰣˭˵·ȴδߵáգ뱾һơ
ұ϶ĪҪ룡һУݶ͡һŹұ߳һ䣬ֵƳֳ־Ͻ«̬عһھƣ£¶һĨЦüųĿ˵λĵĸˣҲһ˾·
δ䣬һ״Цһת֮ˡݷһâѸӰԶȥֱǻƵãã
Сĳ޶
Ȼ֮УµæԶȥʶԴ͸뵵ĺ棬ĿﻹаӰ
ұɵɫ£æҿ˿ˡԷڳɣһһĪΪѰ·½ݡڻҪˣҪʬ
뵽˴ұһ˦ɷǶȻֱƶˡ޶أãã߼ʣĪѱ档ַףһ˿ɫȻĹˡͣ٣һֱһȥķȥ׹֮ʣһͷ뵽Ƭδ֪С
ұΪ˺Ҷı¹ϡ˾çײ֮˼У׿ֳӣԷ޶Ȼתǰֻعһʱ֪δȥˡ
ھ·죡Ӳֳ̾һΪȴϡĪϷ㲻һС˼һת
̵ѣ֪ΡδٽֳӱǺǺһЦ
ֳȥ޶£ʵѴȥг㣿
ֳҡҡͷԳЦǰһ󣬺йұɴ󵨣˺벽ԷɲЦ⵭ȥ࣬˵ѣй޶һУͬʦĿУֹڵ伮
ƬƵĺ棬ֳӽ˵ֱƵһ˴ԭɡ󣬿Ѱȥݵ;Ϊһһ޶裬ʹСӡ㲻㣬˭Ȼ˾
һ·ÿεҪ׷һʱ򣬶ԷʹʹܰԶһֶݷѣ˭СӵϻжֶȲ֮£̶ֳ׷ʮԶʱ㲻Ƚֱ޶
ͷȻԷ˵
ȥ޶ĪⰡʦڴ˴ȥ˰ٶĹһáȥݵΨһָһϡδ˵ֳҡͷЦԪ޶࣬ΪֹǰоƬΪءȵԭɣǿԣ˵߷ã֪еζŨ
ĬȻãųֳӹ˹֣֣˵Ըǰ;̹
ֳӴŶԷ漴ȻһЦҲͬұȥʱǰ㣬ҡֱϣ̶ƶˣת˲ڿʧȥӰ
ϣֻһˡת·ǺΪʿ᲻ΪǸطĳأԼ벻ɽ벻ˡ

磬ˣ⺣ǳ
һͷ޶УݲʮԶвǰΣлƵķ˷ӿĺʹһ˸Ȼ֮£æ˷ɽ˳ֳһ׹ȥ
ͨˮ졣
æ֮Уһʩչˮ䡱ãͷһʹܻ壬ûʹףˡ
һвת֮䣬һδӦķӣֱ׹ȥѣסϢתʶ¿ȥʶ޷壡
鼱֮£һųâ֮ͫУĺˮűڼ³䡣
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һƬ׵Ľʯˮݵƽ̹ྻⰵյĵط̫ţϺûֻ޾ĺĪظϮʹ⡣
ʶԲ壬ܴϢһֻתķʹԳأǽ֧֫ŲԼſȥ
һݰȴޣֻǰжʮԶ޶ؽƱ˵ľˡУĪ˵ȥǰ߼ǼѡãĽǷǱȳˣת
޶һأĪ˵Ƿˣǵеʿ׹ڴˣ岻ظ֮£յο֪
һʱݣһͷ˿ȴеΡȻйڴ˾ɵϢһ漴ɫ࣬εҡҡͷ⣬æң©
亣еʱѸеܵһ˽óΪƾͭһԱɲִӦ䣬ȴؽƵʶ壬ʹǬʯļȴò
ûʯйҲ±룡
˴ǣûʧк棿ֻٵʱٳûȥǡȻЪϢպһһ߻ȥķӡ
Ȱοһһתֿͫ˿δ쳣ؽƣһΪơĵطðʲô˫ֽӡ볢⺣붨йȴɫһתȥ


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һ΢µĽʯ˲ʧԶ
Ϊؽޣһǲ˺׵ѭһ촫ķȥ³Ȼδ֡룬Ҵ⣬
ȥץߵףء߳ڵϣȴͬǶ˽ʯһ㣬ȻûһץһΪ֮һڵѷδɥʧòһأ
˶һֳµĽʯĽǾȻһžžĴ졣æ֫˺һżֱӡ
˿ϵһҡҡͷʱԼ϶񱳸һɽĳأݰ˼ǰ߼һӦ˲Զ
ֻŲһһһģûˤſ¡վȽŸпࡣ㲽ļѣĪ˵ֻжʮԶ̶̵·̣ǧ֮ңӺ߳޶ѣ
Իһ£һŲһĽһĴ졣ҧδ߳ǰڣĸꡣ
䲻ģһֻգתͫԶȥڲɴСһƬʯͬһɽ¡֮ĵԵݣһƵӰھƨ
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ŹұɼѵӰһŵַ϶Ȼкĺ壬β޴󰭣ɼΪĲ׷ΣѰҵ鷳㵹ơ
ʱұɺ̧ͷɳ˽Ƭط⣬ԶʲôҲĺͬҹɫǧ֮ãڴˣҪΪƬŨڵɣʹ˻Ȼղܡһطеڿš
ұɵ۾ȻĹˡֱУҹɫһͷڳЦš
һһ㣡
Ȼ˵Ķ϶ұɱȥѰȴ㲻ǰƺһһƹ¶ε顣̧־ǼѣĪ˵ˡ˹ǿ֧ţֻѲظ
ߣһ벻ڻ׷㣡һ𵤵Сѣ֪ˤûУֻлתұ㽫㡭
ұԷݣɫ΢㵣תȥʲôҲһ΢ԲԶ䷽׹亣׵Ķ¡˭Ƕ׷ˣֳӻ
޷ѯʣ಻֪߾˭ұֻûţתͣ
ͬʱһ۹ӹұɵƿѭȥ֮⣬һߵӰΪǱȻֳӣ׹һƬɳ֮С˺ôľŻһԵĽʯ֮ϣЪϢȴǳԼ߿֮ת
Īǣͷ빫ұɽԲԼĴڣһüͷԪӤʿΪ֪٣ܷ϶ԷΪǿԼ̫ࡣֻ֮֡
ǡӰεĸ֣
˺һδ˴һĬĬתصԭأȴǽһ˵ϡտľ⣬Ϯʹһ֮˫ֽӡһ

߷֮ƣֳںϼһһͷ׹ںˮСܲѰһټûаա湫ұɶµķ򲻻д
׹亣׵ʱֳӱɳû˵ЩǱȴ֫ײ֮ࡣæңòһ齸ʯϣ۵ͷвЪϢͷ㷢Զ쳣
ĿԶӣڡʶ壬ֱת֮䣬ֳͷ󶨡
һĵطһ빫ұ֮⣬˭أ
ڵطˣֳӻûЪϢǴһƬˣһ㰵Ĺâ߶һεĹ֡Уɫ

붨һ֮һ۾⡣ֳ빫ұǱûж˼Ƭ̣ٴĿϢ
չȥʡСģһ˿
ұɻӣûŲѣӦйˡֳӵȴ΢ĹâǷ֮ף
ֳзһΪ֮Ȼ֮ʣԷڴʱ̧ͷԼߣϤЦݣִһʯ
ֳɷµģһһܿҵĴڣֻ²ɡǳ׼ǣͷб
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룬һƸҸšϢת֮ʱõСٴθֳЩԸػζ֮ı֮ǣе
˵İԵᣬһǡ˵Ľֻ»𼰽𵤵Ϊšתǹ˰գȻѡ
СζϢ֮ơ뵺֮ʱ˿˿ƵѸ
еһɵü¶Ц⡣֮ǰЩɻڴʱɢ
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һȻ붨պ֮ӯʱתķʹл棬ָһ
չȥһȻ۾֮в㣬֮ԴԴ߾֫ǿսȭͷ
֮£ظ޴ڡͬأȴû˴ǰǰ㲻ֱӣһȥһ֮طֳ빫ұԭţδ쳣תϵ̧˹ȥ
ÿһǿؽڿɽһĳһĽһ졣ת֮֫ǰվ
ʱһÿһ缡ÿһͷڱŷľ˫ץİң̶³˫ۡıһץ𡭡


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⣬ֳ빫ұɽΪһ𶯶һĻ¶Ĵ죬ǰŨīڳĺףһ
һȽŷȻжأ֮ǰٱֹԭʹָһǻӶһ˵ļѡһˡ
׳Զ£һʤٴγƣһ罭ʿһ㣬֮ˮӿѸʧ֫С
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Ƭ̹Ϣƽһͬ顣Էû˴ǰİȣж˼ֲĻȻأͻȻðĶԴ⣬϶ˣ
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յתۼȥߡ˳ɡһ޻ңϥתˡڵСٴζΪĲޣΪѸ͵
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СҲֻſƾ賬˵Ľڴ˴ǿǶΪǰһأᡢᡱ£֮¡¹ȥʯߵĶ󣬻һն֮ͣ춯١
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һֻεұɵβɵûζ¡һŸеˮľӿһڹˣȴĿȻ
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ѸͶ壬ڽ֮֫Ҵܡ񱼡һ˲䣬һܡ㳶Ӷйǿ
㣬һԼڵС󣬽Ӽ͡
ʼӶ±ԳģһԽءֱɽʯˣĽŲĴݡ
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ϵ״һ͵ֹסΣֽڵϡ˼¶һĨЦ⡣
벻żȻĳ֮£֮Ȼɣ֮пǷΪǽڡƾų֮ٴδĽǣһţԼѿԪӤڵʿ
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֮࣬һԩҡ֣ת˽ʯһұɣŲһ㣡
һֻ߳׵ĺȻ½л΢ġ˷ɫһ䣬⣬ѹȥ£Ī޶Ķ١
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ˮһܵ˰Уٳ˽£Ȼȥ
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һϾģȻСôˣȻһ·ļƣĪڴ˴Ʒ羰ɣ飬δԪӤַ
ͷɣֳӱұȴǳ£æǰȥֻҪСӲǽʩչʽ뵣ǡһڵСҳݡ
ת֮䣬ұɱԷɡſһѷɽһϧǹɷ챻Сٴֺαض÷أ
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ǿϮһ͵ر˳ȥֱʮ⣬˼ͷסΡ
״Թ۵ֳӲΪ֮ȣ۹ϵѴӷ˵ĽпΡһмǱȴϢƽȣδʲôұɵķɽ֮δܳƽȻ
һغϣұռϷ磡ֳӻǰҡͷΪ졣ֵ˫һԪӤ֣һǸڵӣСȴһΣʵ˷˼
СޱȣΪĳءԺ׳һʤǰԪӤֽսȻ̡𵤺ڣǽԪӤ˭˸ǣϷˣҪԶ֮
ֳӰ˼ʱ򣬹ұɵɫѿ˵Сӻ˳ȥԼδռʲôˡⲢ˵Ѹͳϲ
ߣһã㻹ܵסڵķ
ұĿʹɱ֣漴ŭաСӾȻЦ˹Цұ϶һ
Сӣ뱾ڲ񣡹ұĿ¶׹⣬ִһ־һŹâըĺХ쳹˰գɽٿȻһɫ磬ֱһ˹ȥ
ԷķɽƾˣһȥƸ֮͡ʱζȻһΣһӰɶȥ
⣬ֳѵɴ۾һѸף֮ơǾһڿյҡͷβצڷŭƽһ˺ƬǻӶ֮צ֮ɨ
գ֮䣬ײ磬ӭ˷ɽ
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һ쳹է𣬷䣬ϿŰĺΪ֮һ͡
ⶸȻը֮Уɽŵ˳ȥұҡΣס˼һ㵣ǰ
ȥԶ٣漴ֳһýӰСӲ𣬻ԼͶԲмЦ
ףֺڣұɵɫ˼£ɵһСˣһǿԪӤʿϣѲضáϾֻǸСҲʰ㡭
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ΪʿӦ֤ΪΪ㣬ʹɣղ˫սȥһѽһԪӤʿķͨգ㻹ҪԿ
ʱգֳǰˣ˵ʲô಻ùұռ˱ˡʱһϹۣΪ֣Կ
޶ϣڷ磬ƽ͡ǺڷһڿкֱײţХ˻˷ëȻ
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ֻǡĻʯڣǿ塢ɷ뼤־֮󣬸ƳؽơΡ֮ܡһ龰ǣʵ
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еڳһٻ֮ƣһ˵ұ϶һ֮УҰ¸߲ϣ뱨𾡹ҡδ˵꣬£ȥ
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һԷƣͻȻ߾ٵͷܣԶԶһ䡪
ұ϶ˡ㡭
ҪСһͷȴתûӰˣұһ漴һŭ𣺡ҶŲ㣬Сܻؽƺݺ㲻ܲ˵׷˹ȥ
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һ޶ʵıϺ˸ѿڣת˲ںƽ첻ȥӰǰʧڹĺڷ֮С
һˣֳӵ¶һĨЦݡ֪ΪΣһתӶݣ˿תһۣ漴˫ֱȥ

֮Уת۱ȥ
׷һΪȻһƬ˵ͼмȻרŵ;ǣжȥȻѭֳ֪ӵʦֿڴ˴Ѱ޴ԽвݱֻǾˮ£֮
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بؼһ֣϶Ϊѱ澿ĺΪһ壬ƻֺˡһ֣һססʹһܣճе㣡
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ͻأ޴ڣʱٲľء˵ɴǰǻһ麮õĳţǷǰһ
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ұ϶ǰԪӤ֣ô˵ɱأҧ˵ҰȮк𣬽л಻лһˡߣ겻ɢһ㲻ɣ
֮תĹһɫĽ˵Ʊ㵽ǰһδµĽѻһӭ˹ȥɲǣ°ƸȻǰܣ˹ұɡ


573 Խ
һը죬ҫĿĹâķ˳ȥ
һʹ𽣣ʹ˲Щһ֮𺳣Ǹй֮޲Ǹĸ˿ĵλԪӤ֣νˡδʹһ
ת֮䣬ʤѷ֡𽣹ұͷ󶨣һڣã޵ʧ֮СĽ𽣡³ɣһƬƱ㵽ͷһ̧ץһɷļ׶ܡ
ǡڴʱһӰһеѲܲ˵ȥ
䡪һ׶ܺȻѡұ˼ɫһץɷѸһǰָһ㣬ֱһĺ󱳶֮˫ǻơ
һ˶Էļ׶ܣ޴ķ֮Ϯһ˼ͷվΡұɺεƲƲ졣˵϶֣ɶԷΪ̫߳࣬ԼԽĴڡˣѰ·ǰȥҪ
һȻתӳһĿϮķɽͷߡһڷʱ佫빫ұɸ
СֹʼʩұƤڣȴ޿κΡ˴Ī⣬ʹ˱ֻ֮ˤ׷˹ȥ
ʱԶðֳӵӰźڷŰѭǰ߹·ǰ
ǣǰɣȥ
һ·ϣʱĪĺڷ糱ͻбͻأب衣ʶ˭Ҳҷɵ̫졣
ʱһӰǰȴڱ뺮裬ұֻŶ޿κΡ˭ɱأȻСӻ֪˶ٻء
ֳӸ˵׺У˵ǴŽȴʧΪɵģͷڸ·

һ޶ĺڷ֮У˰պתβͲΪ⣬Ѱݵȥ·ֺη༸ͬأ˵ˣβ󲻵ͽκΣ
·ϲ֪ת˶ٸӣϣջУ˽޶
չ󣬺ϱڶĺХУڷ糱ЮŷʸıϮУľأʹ˻̻Ȼ֪ȥΣʹúڲ֪俿ǰߣ಻Զ
ұɲһ˼ҪѰ˵鷳³ûˡ˵С͵ˣһСˣ鷳ֳӽ󣬱ŵͬͷְܼıдУûͷǰ·治ߡ
һѭͼУǶǰӰȥչȥ˽ԲòͣǰԶһ޴ıסȥ·
˵Ǳ֣˵һɽɽӺ£޼ʡڰײβɽ壬͸ȴѰһߵķ϶ĺϵƣ֮ȴ⡣
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ţұеľ㵡Ϥŵʦɴģŵһ߳ΪԼδѣ˵ɾеȴͬ̽Ѱݾͷȥ·Ͼֳ˵ĪСͨĵֶΣ
һڰɿվţǴֿɼ֪һнأұû˶ֵĳ嶯С򲻹ܣһʱ׷ϣڴ˴ŪʲôĿѰݣһ
ұһߴǰı֣һһԵĶ
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ǱԹھţߵһȴרעϵСƬ֮ȥ֮⣬˲ԼͬظŲΡ
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״ֳ빫ұϬ˴ڰֹסȥƣֻǸԵ鲻ͬ
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ұ˫ۣһԲСŲʵɶϣһЦʹ˼˱޲ýǧˡ
ǰΧ׷½أ伫Ƶģһһ䳰һ˵λಽСǲʤ֣̿λ׷ôˣʱְ
Сǡڡߣұͷƣƺһ֮󣬸ɴ۾һձȥ۲Ĳȴǲʶһ
һϯʵϣֳӵЦһ漴鳤룬֮󣬱֮֮ȡȣһЦоǲм֮⣬æ£һתֽ˵;֮ͬ壡СѺηϷ飬̼į
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ұֳӣһŨüһɷһüĿĺ
һû˵ʲôֻǺǺЦһ˵Ƴһۣתǰȥ

˰֮󣬾޴ıѷ֡һСһǳѷ죬ͬһ޿ڣºڷ磬˺ΪƬẮظ
һһѷǰͣϸϸһɸߵıַ϶ӿıĽʹ˲ҿͻȻһѸ͵ĺڷ紵һŨصĺ⴦ѷ졣ֻһ΢죬ޱͣǷ϶һɲʧӰ١ٴĿȥӲı֡
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ֳǷһ̾Ϣ͸żʧ䡣վأвɵ³СĪײһ·ݣϷҺο
һ㾿ûжȥͼֳӽ鲻رʡתȥʱִ¼ֽҡСǰˡ

һʱǰıֳ˼ľ޴϶ͬɽһı϶Сʮɣɣѿ˸ӣŷ糱ŵĺڷԶԶһ缢ҹʹͷƤըëȻ
޴ı϶˺һһŻعʱº͵Ļ𡪡
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һĻﲢδʹֳӲ죬üĿȻǺһЦûǰսЩŲ˵ǰϷʸβ
ŵؿŽǰλߣһƲƲǣԶԡ뷴ŽͷƣɶԷȡʾãʹ˸еȻζ
תһעǰǵ϶Ŵڣŭ𡪡
ĺڷ磬ĺŲķƽһУΪ֮
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ܣΪٿȻһӰȥ

ϲ죬̧ͷӭźֵıڣ²أֻӿϢĹĳı϶ѱֻһںеĺûûоͷ
˳սûںƺһҪȥȥѰһƬΪء


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С۲ɴСһƬҶƯںϡ
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뻳ڣһУֻǿʼ
ǰҵġҶۡѽöһĶ棬̶Цʵ
ҶۣǡҲһԵһ䡣
ͣһΪͶԵ˵Ц󣬱˴ࡣԷһֱԼҶ̶ۣ˵ҴΪƷ
ͿЦεסľǧʯһѷɽŻ⡮Ҷۡ񣬴ҿϴ
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ͿűסǺЦһȴת⡣δһȴ¶һְȻ
òˣԼЩðʧˡԸζһⰵ¡»Ϊϡ˱ŴǸ˵Ҳ⣬ֻѰһ֮أԱ㾲޼աʧ֮Ҫ黳
תŵЦ˵ʥƣӵףС˸ԾֵԱԿ
һҪ˵Ͱڰֽ֣˵ΪɢޣɵⶣĳΪȻȥɽңԻѰһѽ
ǰлֱ˵޷ҴŵȳǼһɫΣ̶˵δǰ뾲źã
˵껰һ¶˿Ц
żԷ˸֮ʣ̽ȴǳ鷳ʹϲ
ԼСˡ

һʱҶ۽䣬ǰһĺ㡣
ɽв⣬һµСǼ﷽Բƽ̹ԻӰζ̧ͷתԶм⻮ҹշ


576 ֮
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ΪѰñɽеıɽʿҪƬʮĺ򣬲ⱼ͡µһ·ϲļĵ֮һʿЪϢĵط
ҶۻСϣǰкһһ̧ͷĳâȥſӣǽáͫС۵ΡĲǶһεķӦΪ۵ڡ
ߣСšһöһȥһƬɳ̲ϡʱҶڹâʧˣٿȻһֻСɵ̶
۾Ө̴䣬ӯֿգ쳣һһתǰС
Ϊɳ뺣ӵСͬһֲ£ں֮ϡʮλʿȺһ˵Ц˶ԾЪϢһӳͨпζź絭Ʈȥ
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ֵѣڴ˴ЪϢһ̡һʱ˸к̶ŲȺ
λԱ㡭һӦһǰ˼Ѱһ徲ЪϢ
ǰջѽ
㿾㣬Ʒһ¡
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ʱϰ죬죬ҹɫܡɵ˵Цһܣһ㱡㵽˾ݡ
ʮɽ±Ҳûͣһ˾ôţţš̢µеһҶۣôһֱǰûдϢܻͷ
׷𣬻Ϊ𣿻̻Ȯͻ˿ڵĻûС
񣬴ԽıϣһĪ㵽˾ݡ
һͷؿڣ⡣ǰصϣһ߳ѿҲ޷ϡӿͷ£ɫ¶һ˿ɬ
˵֮־Ͼң̫ˣ
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Ǽһδ⡣ɲһ˼쳣ֵСڲ֪侲ˣһ
Ϊͣһ²һ£һûֵ˼ųƬ̣˹ȥ
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һʿۣӦͬһšΪڵΪǸ뺷ӣָСӣʯı棬ĪҪҪ
⼸ţֽʿ˸ŭԡ
ֱ£ŭ㡭д
磬ĪҪˣ̶һȰοһ󣬺ÿϾŭݡ粢߳ĪҪɽҺ۸𣿡
ߡЦһмټɽ鶦Ŷ벻ҼŵķۣǸʲôٽ
Ⱥ֮Ƭ̣һ˳ֵԭɡ
뼸һ˵Цʱ򣬲˳ջ̶²ʵ飬һƬ̾
ѵãиճɱûһˡöķᣬʹ˶ۣ˸˵⡣ʴˣŵʿ˵ջ˲ٵıҪʯ
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һֵһȴһ˼ɽŲϣ鶦źԨԴĥʱ򣬺ȺɢȻǳֵ˫Ҫˡ
ҵСӣʯı쾭֮£㾹Ȼ˵ҵȵڣգΩֵ¼£÷ɽָ˵ָ۸ҡ
һǿʶ֮Ǹ뺷ӻ׳ҹЦһͬᣬһ˵طһɫƣûġ
ǿǿǺε̶ֱţᶼҪˡöִͣ⣬ҵ⣬߽ύʱ˵衣
д̶һԡŭӵͣʱ˫Ŀһǵͨ졣һѽ̶ƿֱ̧˷ɽ
龰Զһҡͷʶ֮ΪݵʿΪ֮˿ϲȱӣͬ಻ȱСˡŵӵо֮ĮȻ֮ȴû˸óͷҲǣ˽ʿ治ǡܱϢˣȻ
ñƣյΣû֪˵֮ŭͽУͷضߵģһ֮ŭֽΣ
Χ۵ԶԶɢֻʣǸ뺷ӡ֮ڴʾ£̶಻òһԣŭɫδִɫ
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״ͲҴ⣬˼һŷֽģԴ
ߣλ֤Ī˵۸ˣҵСӾȡӵЦһͻȻּ㡣ɽٿȻһ׹⣬ֱԷȥ
Ͳ˺벽æʹɽӭֻá䡪һը죬СƬյҫĿĹâ
硭̶ľУ͵ҡ£ԭǺɫɷסɽƣű㵹˻ϣѵжڵΪۿŰܾѶ
һе֣Ǳ뺷ӹЦһʹɽڰֹһ׹⡰ž˸ţʱӳСҹաһΧߣ޲Ϊ֮ݡ
ΣһǾȲѡһ±һӷɽͬ죡÷ɽʹ׷󡣲֪ŵĹʹȻֶ˵áôȥͱذɣ
ʱԵֵţ޾⣬ּ̧ŷֽſڱһھѪȥ
ŷֽͻȻըĿϾ֮ʣѸһ߳ĽâļµƣڰС
һɫ΢㵣ĿȥͬʱǾһƬ


577 ͷ¶β
ڰеһâɢƣȻʿķ£ܲʹ𾪣

ȻǿǽǰƵķ
Ҳֻҵӵܲʹ
һȽǰ֡

ľδֹǸŵʿѸвæлطɽܡڴʱָһ㣬âˡһ
ʧɫ֮£һ׹⵲ǰ䡪һըĽâһķɽƲתӶݣâ͸Һһ˵ض
Сϣʱžĸŵ˵֮䣬ǽâڵʯִ͸һ˵ӡٲҳɣڿգ
ͬʱĽâ٣ʧҹ֮С
նɱ֣ǿУʤתǲ԰׵϶˷Ѫɫδɿʱɫһ䣬뵺һ̧ͷȥ
һ󾪿ֵĴϴҹͻȻˣͬԵķɽֱˤɳ̲ϡ
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Ȼ֮ʣһ󳹹ǵĺͻȻͷʹԳ֡ת˲䣬СһƬϵ֮¡
˾֮ʱƺһᣬűһӰ¡
һλ뷢Ұ׵ݳߣ絶̣Ŀ䣬ɫɫۣԼĹ⻪ڳƮƮ֮䣬ǡ
δأѳڡ
һС±ɱɱðֵͣҪܣ򡭡
Ī˵һ仰֮۹ɨˡȸ˽ģ۾һɣ߳ΪβˣкζŵĵӺڿշֺݺˤһѡ
ǰҼӡŵſڵϣԼŵĴ
ʱѻعǿͷľţæǰһ񣬰ݵɽͣ˶Ȳѣǰ徻ˡֹٲȻǴӵܵķ緶
ߣϷʲôӡɽ򣬴ǲ򡭡߸˵ʲôҪĵѡһ겻ĹˣϾʱĴһһ˵˻ţȴ޴ѰңʵΡ;мЩСɱɱа𣬲
λǰأͲҳŵӸɴͷֻ
С֮ϣΩһ˸վ߽սսģ꣬Ըζ͵һ˦ۣȥתһˡ
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Ŀ֮£˲ò̧ͷʮ⣬̤ѥţһ˫ѥѥԼġơм£ȴǸԲһɫĳϹ⻪ƣˮ֮䣬Ӱ١
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ԶȺУ̶Ȼӡ˵ЩɬֵѲٳֵķɽصĿʿ
߻һʩݼֹ֮˵ڷðǰɽĿ˳࣬ɻδ˵㱻ˡ
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ܣûԼһ԰ĬĬѰ˿طȥɫЩ԰ףͷأԡ顱ֱδ
ĸˣֳ֮֮ڶԷĿһƳ֮£һеԼΣ֮ģֻȥ˳ӣȥĤݣʿʿʱη·𣬲й֮
룬һڣԼصΪػʶԼĹȻðһ϶أ϶Īġķ
һ𺧵ģǱ˿صΪҪ֪Լġһʿʶ˵ӦԪӤڵĸˣǻ񡭡
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ȻʧУһתö£׶Է⣬͹Цֵѣ񣿡
ݹ²һͷʾԼ޷뵽ǳʤʲô֮ǰһֲ˳
һڵʿҪնɱһڵʿûѭһÿһĪǽ߾ȫתɼⲢסֻƾһնɱǿУǿ۽硣
ֻһʿóȻһ֮󣬻̹Ȼ˵Цʹšͱңʲôͷ
ݸ˵ʱôһλǻѲ⣡;һתЦЦ˵㿴ֵѷѰɢޣԵʣյδ֪
̶˵ǰɽΩΩФ
£صĿ˵ϼ䣬װɡ̶һ䣬һתͣʵŵһУкθϵأ
ʼԼĿԷ˲ͬһԼӦʧΪ֮١ʶʻ֮ʱѧɽĿӦȴãͲδЩŶ׺ǺһЦ˵ǺǣǱǵʦŵˡ
ҵʦţҵʦԪۣһ׵ĵ۶ѡһЦ£⣬λĪὫĹ϶ʦŵĳ˰ɣ
һôǵʱͰڳȻ̬Цһ·Ͷ٣ǾʹЪϢһոɽĳһ֮꣡ȥ֮ʣ֮䣬۹ڶԷõĵһɨ漴¶Цݡ
̶һЦ˵ǰǷѣǾϢ֮ʱš
һȥһţȴüͷϵĵۣ˼


578 ɽ
գСϷ⣬ӭնȥ
һ̣ͬлмɽķۣ˴飬;ж˼ֵ֡
ƾԶԶʹػ󳩡һȴǾ⽥ŨôкĿ
˷磬ȥ衣

ʮպһڵɽ䣬һˡãɫ뵡Ω𣬴żɢģ
ǰɽΪɽΪСɽµСȻɽ򡣶ڴ˼֮ˣһ
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͵֮󣬷û·ϵɣڵʲôǸԱŵ֮ˣΪһѰһ
ⶴ׸ҪǮȻҪӣһҪʮʯſס⻹Ӧ͵Ǿ仰ӵףС˸ԾһԴ˲Ϊ⣬ѰһȵŴס꣬İòźá
øǣһҵţȥٽֵһҵ̡ڴ˴֪ɽϵһЩ֮͵⡣
ɽϵĶ㲻࣬ȴ⣬ʣ޼ϵʿ٣ѰһԣڣΣʯ£˭ʯ˭ռһ鸣أۣͯǹʡɼˣ˱ͳٶʯáʶ⻹͵Եʣһŵõһ֮
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ϵб˶ȥһ㰴ͼһɽĽ£ѭɽɽ
ɽǧɸߣдУ硣䣬ﻨ㣬ʹĿһƬ񣬼ˣһ°Ƹ𣬻ɽϷȥһ̣һʯΣ
ɽ£ΪڡֻԴһ¥󶷹ص̽ǣʹƽֵ£һֵȥ򺣱ߣ䣬ⰲľУĿԶ棬һӰƬ绮ʣƲ
ĬĬƬ̣һתм̺죬ӳһŨԡУ̩ʱ˵⡣
˴۲ɣΪԣֻ˼ɽӦǰǾ޵ĵطԼһʿէôһŴʵס̵꣬ͨļǮȴס˼Ϸɲռ˴ˡ
һ⣬óμ棬ԷƳ־ӽ֮ȴʾ֮⡭֮֮óǿƣһһε󷨴򿪣Ų߽ɽ
ɽһңʯʯʶѣӶʧˬ
ҿ£һеƷס˶ڣֶٴסɽŲֱߵһʯҡ
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󷨿ãһΪǶʯֽ֮һԣʯϥĬȻƬ̣ȥϵĵۡһѿڣк⽥ء
꣬һɫһ䣬ۡһѪҡ£˿ڴŵϵѪƣҡҡ׹ģ
µƣʱ˿ڶοʱȴһϢĵطŴɳత˶յƣǿֲס
һѪ֮ѪԻһԽ϶ʱ龰
޶·;°ͼѭҪӱ϶֮Ѱһе·ǼΪĲף˵˦βͣͼ졣
һ·ղϣͣͣȥµĹ򡣴ٽ϶ͷʱδȥ˻
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˵βͣ˵ǣһзֺĴ⡣һ·ϿƱ˴ల£·;ʱ򣬴·ûôǱ㴹ߣ¶
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ұɴ˴γ־ȫֻһȫδ´Ϣ֮϶ãһδӶԶ㱻׷ϡ
һڵʿһԪӤʿ³֪ûûнĳһΩƴһ;
ǵ˵Уʾ֮𣿶Σ֮ʱֳȴӰ
һ˵һսһ֮սǳ˼غϱֳʤұɼɽס֮ͻȻһӯߵڽâ
ǵâϢϮһ⧲֮±ؿڡ飬˺ѣͷסһƣֱײ˳ȥһͷ˺ڷ糱֮С
һɲӱܣ룬һֻʹתͣԴĺΣΪ⡣
֮ϮʹҪΪ֮ᡣֻɣһΪһ麮ִУأԽӶŽһҿ
ңһڼΪԼ֮أһ䲢δ֣Ƴϡ֮ɴСʱδɣΣȴˡ
һ̣ɼһȴ֮ʱ֮뾭
ӲǰڣͷһѣΣ֫糱ˮȥһˡæǸɴСıϥˣȫй
˱ǰ¹ȥһںȥʮ֮߰ˡδϲ֮У֮䣬̾һСĺ֮ȥĺɡ
ôСһǡǡ˽֮δȥ˶ƴɱͬһֻ۰һģַ˼յĹ򣬻ǶԴ޿κΡ
񽻴֮ʣһòЪϢգЩʯСı
ʱ·ϣһЩĶںֳ빫ұ߿գ˳־˼ϡһǲϱָ졭
һ߱ĥʱˣ֮󣬱ǰŵĵط
ұ϶˾ݣȴ֪ȥ˺δߣԩͷծмʱҴաǸֳӣȥ˺ηأ
ҡҡͷɢȥҵһǬһ⻹ŵӵķΡ㴩ϣַһѵƿ
Ѱõ˵ҩһǸ崺俴˿ַ£һƿϸϸꡣ֣ͬȴһ֮ΪӤ
ЩδĵҩźãΪһŵӵʿ֮
еĵƿһΡ⡰ӤӦΪԪӤʿãκԼֻǽ𵤵ΪҩҳԣȻģ
ףƿҩΪԪ
һˮֵҩĴôµóǵõһ˵ĵҩֱĲͬ磬һҩƽͣ²ҩԪӦΪҩɣ˵ʤһԼԳһ¡
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ҵĺԺȭʯΪɽˮΪأŨգӰһƬµڡ
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ʱСˣɫ㷣żСĵģ
ŵߵĶ߻̧Ȼųζ˵Ͷ̶ö˻ˡ
̶˽ǰݵ
Ŷһ۽̧ɫȺ͡üʶ£Īǳл˵ϸ
̶ߵĴ£һֻ˵ȥ޴󰭣ȴµһС
еһһ֮ʹٲҶ˵һ仰
鳤룬ŭ⡣Լһ޵޹Ϊãʱõһ˫Ů֮ңŮԴϻۿ㣬һȴΪ裬ɥ⡣ţɽһҶ󣬺θ˲񡭡
ͷĻɫϽ𣬳˵˵ǰɥ֡Ͷ֪
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ߺһ̶æŴ£С˵𷣡
ŮԾ£ﻺת˵㡭ɽʮ꣬ʾͽ䣡
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߳ʾ£Էϯҡɫ࣬˵ֳйأѴ̣⣬̫Ե
ŵĶԶضᣬ˵ͬӣΪŮӺǳ谮ã
ֹùõԵֺֻΪ¡һ䡣̶ȰοùΪ֮ãΪԷƱŵ񡭡
ף˵̺ʿɷѰʿӦġǽ𵤺ڵΪֻ֪һػⲻ˽֮
˵£̶öͷڡ
˵ŵӣѺɽꡣ񣬱նɱλӣݣ
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¹ֲô硭̶Ž

ϰϰ紵ľҡҷβˮݣҡͷβȻ֡
Ƕ£ö˾
԰ķ羰ߵһЦ˵ʱٲ˼䣬ĥⷱ£ʧ⻨䲻ģһв
̶ĳ˵ƣԤԤϡ봦˼ˣͼţһʱçײʧȥת֮£˿һ˫˶ֵǫǫӣֺη֮ʣһʿʶ
ߺǺһЦ˵ʶçײʧȴ޴
ͷȻذݵл̻壡
һ鳤룬Ȼ˵ɽѴǧ֮ãꡭ
ȻȴһתʵǸһʲôͷռгϵĶ
æ̼һ֮˵λֵԳɢޣȴ˿ƵĵѥԸк棬˽ύ֮ġ̶͵һѥʯһɢ˵¡
߻Ȼͷ˵˿ƵĵѥϷܲ𣬷ǰ˶ɵá
µλǰֵѵԵʣŷŹҵһСֽʱ˵˳߳˼ΣݸȴС
飬Ͱ⣬Լʶ˲ǸȻ˵ֵһɢޣһأȫ֮ͬ塭
ߵɫ̶ȻϣĪλ˵ĸˡ
ӣʧˡ

Բʮɽﻪ챦˽ܵ飬Сڶ࣬ӵԪӤʿֻңֱΪ鶦š
ڵĶ壬ݴ󺣣ȺɽΡ롣Ƕ壬ǧɣһ죬ֱн֮ơ
ʱµһɽϣΧһǰ˵ʲôһԵĵϣڷʬ
һ׶Ľʿһˤۣ˺ݺݵһۣת̤𽣺ֱ۶ȥ

ķ嶥һͺͺĴʯϣϥһλߡ뷢Ұףɫ壬ģ
ʿ˫δأߴʦɽɱµӡһ仰δ˵꣬ԷһأԶȴſ߳ߣϹʲôϷδĿʧϡ
ߵʿ֪ʧ̬æʵʵʩһҪ˵æת˫ۣƺˡ
˵ߵò׶λʦֻ˵ǳªϼֵʵˡ
ǼûõĶռ˾ͲҪŭһߺӶ˫۴źʱԹȶӵ
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߼ʦŭߣﲻ⣡
ӵĻΪȻͷʾݺ˵ĪΪ鶦ڱұɶһ١˲ԪӤڵΪϷĲ
ߴյǰĵ˵ɽΪƽء
ˣʦ𣿡һʵɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭塭
㡭ֱ̧ҪˣŵһԴίʦҪŭЩͿ
һջֱۣأɷӣѵ¶ˣ
Ӵǰһɢޣʦɽѽꡭ߲ҵſڱ˳ž˵ʲôǵʦ˶ŭʦûйϵɣ˺Ϳ
ӲصߣΪʦ꣬ǳԵĵ֪
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ִºӣܻؽѵڵĻŲãʲôɱ˳ǷծǮһɺԣ
ͷڳ̵ܽļơ
ӵŭЪʵɱ˳ռʲôˣǷծ߲ǮΣ
ʦĻ͸ɾס߲ɣֻգ۾ġ
Ӳ޸п˵ʦȴһɱ߻ǮǷծ߳أ¶ƺһ˵ɱҵߣʯֳǷʯߣ
λ˼˵ɱҵӣʯֳ䲻Ըʯұծɱˡ֮ǲܳԿռˡ
߻Ȼ˫۷Ź⣬޵ɱˣʯУɱ߻ǮǷծ߳ʦ֪Ƽܽˣ
ʦͽζͶĬʹֿ⡣鳤룬˵Ϊʦ߱ݣδԹһأԼ


580 Դҩ
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һŮתȹ֮ҷţ̬ǧ䳤裬ָߢһƬƣżС
δŮü΢˼

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ںǿ󣬻ǳϡʱգȻǿҩڳײʹʴӡ
⡰Ԫǳ˿ܡãҩ֢вˡ֮⣬˵δȻްһˡ٣˶ִˣ
ھҴܣʵܣֻиطԷйһ
Щ̣һ¡룬϶һӵͭ£֪Լɫ죬һ緲Ƶģ
ǿʢκһʱþɡ裬Ѫ֮֫Σ
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һذԼ»ûжСѰʵúýһ¡
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£һͭʱڲȣͷȴǽһʱסվ
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ƣǰɣŮתҡҡͷɫЩá
һæ˰֣ʾԷ⡣Ůӵɫ˵δı棬ҷ׷ǹʣ磡ɡ
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һţֳ˵һλѣԷȴüͷת֮ʣҡ˼Զֶʶ˲Ѳ
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ˣóεЦ£һȥ̶λǰ֮ˣĪǼ˹ùõףʧ̬
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ͷһĽһ١ͷȥһλӴ
ģףòӢδأɫȻӭǰȥһԵǸǰ
ʦ֣˷ǰұжءδ˵꣬һ˶˵Ц̡
ԭͷߵһʱȴǷŻ˽ŲԾһǲ򵥣Ľ𵤺ʿԪӤǰǰʲôĪ˱ʣ
ʲ̸ѵ֪µԭίϸµѮǲǰҪʮʯԵֳʮΪޡȻӱծǺǣ˾ٲưˡʱѵҰȻʶʦûתɽˣ
һϯ˵꣬γһЦתȥ
϶⣬ʦĸм֣ʦ߲β̻գԷݡʦֵУԼл͸ſ֮⡣
ѣʦֳȴڣʦòˣȴתҪߡǷ𣬻ǽʦõһߣ
һЦ׿Զ꣬ɫ֣Ȼ˵ŲΪǣҰΣݣҷȰʦһ䣬ĪҪΪΪءӤһ֮ңиǹһ񰡣
ʦٷģһʦ˵ӤˮɣһͣӤ֮ˣĪʦҵΪӣǡ
ʦãΪʹ˱γʾ⡣
ʧ룬æӦʦ֡仰ųڣ˫ֱ̤գȻȥ
ǰ˵ıӰԶȥоʧ䡣Щ˵ʦߺá
״һԵ̶Ҷԡֻǣö˵ɫУ˼ǣ
ԶһͻȻӿ죬̶һʧɽ֮С


581 ɽ
ɽɽ£ɽ
С򲻴ֻһƽ̹Ľֵɽһֱ쵽˺ߡֵԵľӳ֮У۴αȣ
һǰһôҴҶСδ⡣ڣǰľ˼ֵȤ
ֵϣ洦ɼʿӰȺ֮СʿǷˣɫలȴָɡ
ڽֵϣһ´ƺĿֱΪҵ᷻ɽ̡ȵȡǼҵ˹ȥ
ҵٽֵС¥Ը¡Ĵֻ࣬ޣ̬͸żֲơ·˴ŶⵤǰԵЩ塣
ǰһʰ׶ϡֻʱɫһҿȥһεĽޣǡס˴šɣᴩƣ˵֮Сһλƹӭǰ洺ЦǺǣλƣʹһѽ
һŶԷ˹֣Ǵк۹ȴ´ɫ죬ƹͷȻ˵ǰֻΪⷲײ˽ôǣ
һȻ⣬ǽˣһǰнƣƹľȻڵʿĿ⡭һûʲô棡
ĵڣܵǽһŶ౦ӣߵʹڷŸʽľľϻԼɼĲ
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롭ƹЦºͣ˵ĻָһԵľԲʾ;
һлǰ£Էֲʧʱ˵֪кĳЧౡ֮
һŶԷ¶Ц⣬Ѱ˵ط֮˵Ҫ𵤺õĸֵҩ
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ݣݲԶʮ֮𣿡һһ䣬ЩʧͼأݾɽԶһ˲°ҩѣ
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һЦЦ˵һԻȡһʯᱻɱŵĵأ
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һɫ䣬˵ҷŴɽ϶鶦ŵĸ˵ã档Ѱһʣų˵˵ţͳĽƻζ¡
ƹɫһŰ˵˵ʹһλյĵѣĪǡ
ĳһԷɫɣ˵ŵĽȻ֪ƹ񡭡
ƹֶѳЦ̧óʯһϵı˵ʵɽʿ֪顭

뿪ҵһѭŽֵǰȥǸƹռ˱֮󣬲ҵһ˵һ飬֮ΪָСϴڡ
ҵļһλ𵤳ڵʿΪǫͣƣɽϵ֮һλ𵤺ΪӣұΪɽɽϺպļ塣
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ŵĶԹһĹʡǣɽϺܶطдɽϱһʮ֮ݣÿҪͳʮʯʹá
ʮʯѰʿȴǻһʱֻľһγ˷ˣǸǮˣǬŲ¶ʮʯ
δ߶Զһһҵǰ̧ͣͷȥ᷻
մϡᡱֵģйء
ӵǰͬһƴڡԴˣһһؼʶ㲻ٴС̧֣ű˽ȥ뷽ҵͬӭһŹ̨Ķ౦ϰڷһĿӣЩۻҡ
ɷֵλˣΪӣϳɳصģпţһӭǰкλλǰкηԸ
Ϊߣͦɫ˲俴ԼݵĲͬһ˶Էһۣʵר֮ɷ޲ٻ
ЦЦȻǰлٻóҼҳƣ
ãһͷһóǼĻɫۡ˹̨֮ϣʵв֪üΡףǡ
һóۣµĵѥڵԪˣԪµһǬö֪ãΪϲ
۲ˮ𣬲η紵ɹзӳֵĻ֮ã޲֮ܣΪ졣ôһȴұɵĽâ١
ΪˣһΪϧֶ֪εӣв˾֮Ѱְæ˵Уͷϲ˭϶Էת۱ģ
Ǹǵɴ۾ŵۣ漴һԵͬֳ֮һ֣˵ǰˡ


582 
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һẉ̂üתʵ᷻ľ߹ģΪβһأЩؿ˵ǰĪ˵Цţҡ᷻롮Ტۣ
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뵽˴һҡҡͷһѥӦԾɣΪ˻ãշתֵ֮Լϡ˶Ѱ˭أ
йؾݵֻ֪ͣͼ֮ϡδ֪һУǰɽʼ
ڽֵϣһ⡣ɽ̡ǰŴӾص˵ϡ
ν̣ͬ׵ӻӣŷΡǬƿϻʯ¯󷨣ԼĹȵȲһ㣬޵صĴСӦоС
һСͬ£һ°Ȼ˵Ķ˵ãɳ氡ɷеЩȣ̫ˡ˴ʹʯĳ嶯
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СƶʮͷΪǾӡͲϲּۻۣڣӶ౦ȡö˵λǰĻС׾ݵͼ֪Ҫһ֣
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˵һͼҪʮʯһüͷԸƽϣɸԸΪǻȴǴż˵ٺ٣ֵʮʯͼУһȥĺɾ֮νһͼֱ֣ɾڣֵǰҲó
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һСϹ˴գ˷羰ʱӣֱɺŶһ̳ȥ
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꣬һʯϣһӡ죬ߣǽӡǳǳһУ
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ټʯԽסһžںȻķѡм֮Уһһ˫ءԸ泩Цһֽ̳һԣųˣʹģһ߳ͻȻ𡪡
ħ˲ɣ
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һȵӰӿն£仨һӯÿ͵ĳ˼ھӣ
һεҡҡͷɫࡣųûйһ£˵ڵĲԼȴ˵ͷ߳ȣĳ֮һϣˣ
˴Ǿ޵ڣ˵֣ΪʿĪǲЩǳԵĵ˪ѵһ䡣۹⵭Ƴһһʯмϣü΢һ˵һԴ޵Ĵ֮ɳѵһʱ磬ȴѳɴ
һȻԶԡ⣬ˣˣ㻹ĽԼˡ
¶ӣһ죬ʮһͽģűᣬҡû˵˼裬ȥòŮת֮ʣһ仰СΪ֮ǳɽ
ҡҷԶȥһЦҡҡͷÿŮӣͬ۸ˡɽ²а
һ±ңһʩչȭŵͷ߻Լַס˶֮ھϥ
Զ˶һǸʮʯͼ˼ɾ֮У˵ԹȴջоŲ㣬Ӱˡֱõ롶澭ǰ߲ȴǿտҲ
Щȵǵ˭ˣԾݵĸˣûйǸŵӵϣɾͼأ
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һʶеνľݣֱΪݡݡݡݡݡƽݡݡӺԼͨݡɽУͼ϶ˡ
νĺɾһУλƽ֮Ĵ֮СͼϣƬ϶һǣע
ôһǣҪʮʯ̲飬˳ϲҲ
в޵ʱһȻɫһ


583 ʦͽ
һֶö˵ľͼ俴һ֮еͼȻ߶һЩɵıע
ÿһֻһšֱΪݵšݵšƽݵĹšݵİٰšݵīšݵĵšӺݵšݵͨݵţоŸš
ݵĵţŵӲһ⣬ԼǴ˵ǬУõ˲ٵĺôµĵҩͿԿһˣȴǲ֪򶪵ϵһУ
ݵţɡ
һ˵ֻǿѡйŸɵһУһ֪
Щһ߲ᣬ֮󣬻զ಻ѡʮʯͼϣ±ÿһݵĴСԼ˴˼·̡һݣڵƽݣ֮ң룬ǽŸݶһȦɸͣ²ҪĹа֮⣬ɽڶ࣬С
еͼһҡͷȣڵɽһ޴󹬵һ㣬ۡأֵһᰡ
֪ΪΣһǰľұñ˵ʮɽԵôࡣľת䣬ĪΪ۹⿴ĸԶ
һʱһͼײţһʱйóƪз
ֵֻʯУʮ׵СһУ˵ʱ⣬ԵʡķעصΪи¼ķ٣ʶõķ಻ࡣһӵ֮ʱ֪ͨԴ⡣
ֻǣһ궫ܣȥ̫ĹѵϰĻᡣδɽһʱǿΪԼԸǿĶʱ֪ԿĻԼ
ΪˣһŲͬʱķķѧϰ֮
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Ź羵ı棬ԼͨգһɵһЦ漴һ㣬黯һˮɢȥµˮΣδʱʧӰ١
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һ¶Цݣָһ㣬ֻ߳Ľ̤һŵצľ߷֮ơװ𣬾͵һϸСĻ漴ַ£һƬƬϮȥڡ
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֪֮УһҹȥʱȻյ峿ɽϳֵʹ˲죡һ룬վóĵѥӡ
ѥʣ˭ȴǸ۵ĶµΪЩ鷳Ϊã޵֮˵ţȻǣΪݡһεƲƲ죬ѥӣ˩Ͻ«ֺ֮£·٣߳˶
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תۼ䵽ɽһסΣһ𡪡
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֮£羰߶ãһǰȴǶʱ˵
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ƲλԪӤǰ߳ȵӣΪ಻ǽ𵤺ڵΪ
˶һɽϣҵһˡΪһƮƮߣ𵤳ڵΪһվ𵤳ڵʿӦͬΪҵˡ⼸ԶЩҵļλʿС
ǰΣһͷ˼֡Ѱҵ鷳ˣ߱ӣӱߣ
Ҫˣ鷳ɲС
һ˼ʱŭˡһСȻԼʻ˵ǵˣСӣ㻰أ˻ˣĪǻˡ
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һССʿŵ֣ǻ֮ŭЦתӶֱۣ֪ĶҡƱҪѵ֪ôСӣͻȻ˵ߣծʯҪ
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״ʧɫֻǽ𵤳ڵΪⲻѰΣ֮У˲öܣǿڻ֮ϣߺ˿һΪ׵뷢ӣͬ


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ǿ޷ܵĵ֣Σͷڳǰͺ̣顣Ѫ飬ҫִţǸһǰ׳η
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586 ʦ
ӵһ˵꣬һȻеΡ
֣ⲻ˵ġʦֳʦ̵ֶģҪͽֵܳܣʲôˣ׽Уɽ಻˰ɣ
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ͬʱ˫ĿԲСɱͽܡϷڣ
伱һŴִӦֶȥ


587 

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֪ɽǰɽΣƬɽΪڶû
һɫĿĹâҫ֮Уһͷɽȡ
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Сڰһ˰־˴ӣʮ㡣
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һһСĽƱ̬һЦ֮ʱ̬ͱˣͷ֮࣬ȴڰҲѡһɫôһ£㲻µˡ

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Ϸһŵǧ𡭡Ӳ˵
һǣ˵Ȼ֮գǰתɽţˡ˵ţ˳ӳһѷɽ˽¡֮óһϣתȥ
һЦǿЩ˵Цϣǽ⻹й顣һɼǵϷһ仰ֻҪ㲻Ϸ˵أ
һۣɵüͷʵ㻹к˵ӳ䲻Ϊҡҡͷתߡ
ɫ˼£鲻Ըع˫֣ͷҲ̧˵ʦ֡
һɫһ߳ҪơųڣӺһ˵ĪΪϷ˵ϲʦܣ㶼ʦ֡
ⲻɣ಻νʾãǼ򵥵ıӾ⣿һҪڵԷּ˵֮˽ᣬǷµʯգϷǳ˴
أһʵ
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Ȼ֮£һŭЦ˵ӣ޶˱Ҽţд

дλǰǱֵѡǰšǱ˵ҵѲ
̶ŴĻ˵ĪǼ˼ҵΪǿŲƣˣǰ鶦أҼҹùóΪͬŵʦá
˶ڹעǱߵĶԹ˵
̶ԲùΪءȻʵԷüҪ˵
ôǺ˵أùĪƲǰΪͲ֮ʱ̶̴ڰţʧʲô
̧ȥɫлһ˿Ȼǡ

ʱӵͻȻһСơΪʣģ⻪
һ¶״ӼΪشЦһ̯ơƾȻ䣬һġݡԣһľɷǲ
޶˱ţǲʶôǲмѵһӳʾ£ҫ˵𣿡
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ʦͽɷµӣʹһЩͿһƶѣкθϵд֣ұҪţ
һƣʦͽ˵ĿأҲѰ
һ˼ʱȴһѽֺ˵ΣĪʶôһ壬ɾûһˣ£˫֣ſڲϰ꣬ɽǵĴڡ
ǣֻǶԶɣӵĴʹһΪȻҡͷ˵̧³ܲ𡭡
Ǻ⣿»ӺͿһС޶أ
һαӳ¡ʵĪǲ֪ͷô
һδᣬֻǲÿɷغһ
ӼЦһɢޣļʶաóһöհ׵˼Ƭ̣㽫һַ˵Ϸŵԭɣ㲻úһߡ
ᣬ͵뵱꣬ұôʦɽ˵ţһ㬵һۡ
ǰΪʯνǲֶΣҪԼţþ˼ɲ֪ΪΣһˡ̰թȴʡһöǺ⣿
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ˣһӵɻδ̲סԣΨһŵʵɽ鶦ţʶͬ죬һ
˵ҩ֮תϥ֮УɫȻʣһӾ˼ᡰšһ˵л˵
˵ͷʵӺԱ˵ڣֵɣˣҿɲӲҪźãУݴǡΪˡ֮ר֮Ǿ˵ŶɵáŲڰ꣬а߰ߣдأ֮⣬һ֣컯СĴŸϣʹ˲
һʻжһĹУжӵĲжǡ컯棡
ԶԶһ˵ıӰ˵й롮ҵǴʦǶ˵һЩҵ
ʦԻˣݵ֪࣬ż˵ЩɵΪǳЩʶ
֮ǰɽͻȻðţĴӣ䲻һգֵͦ֡ΪˣһҶ鶦żΪĲ֪˶ԷΪ֮󣬲֪˱㲻ٹʴ£֮֮
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紫˵ǡˡµνġˡΪ֮ˣɾŴʿϽǧСţԡƣ֮
˵ݵֻлáˡġʵ顣
ʮɽϣֻ鶦һΪˡϿɣˡΪ񣬿ɲţͬдƣʵ⡣
ڡ컯֮˵йأ鲻ö֪渵˻Ȼ

һе򣬾þó˼Ϥ˵һУеп˲Ϊ֪һЩ
ЩͷˣȵСӣ֮УϷûٻȥϣ
ǣһ˵һŵĳ޲ɣ䲻ΪȻӣ߲ɵðһ۾һЦ˱á
һһתָ˵ұһɢޣȥ⣬ɽţɲʦš
ߣδţ˿вޣסֹһ䡣
ӵЦһʵһɢޣɽţ˳𱰣ɲŵĹأ
һǰǻһµ֮⣡вʣκΣһЦ֮⣬ΪߵʦֵܵƣұΪʦţΪʦ룡Ӧɹֲң˭ϡǸ֮λأ
תӣЦһ㣡ֳϣϷɽ
һҡҡͷ˵һ֮ڣѰȥ
ĪСлҪ˵˳ƣϷڶ幧ֳϴݡ׳һƣкߵ˼ˣҲ
䣬سһ˦תնȥ
ʦͽһǰһ󣬲ʱԶɽǳªϻƲסЦ⣬Ǻֵߣѽ
Ƿծʮʯֳ֣һʿٺ٣ϰʦ㣬սʤʵ˸Ҳæطһ䡣
ãЦϷԿ
Цǰȴһڻζšͬţɲǳϣһȥ

ۿҽһ٣˭뾪׹Ǹ죡
ֵһ죬ŷ·תֻλҵĶĪŵĳϣδʹϲˣž˺£˵ѡأӵԵʣ
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ȻֵѳΪĹͶţùίڵСţǰ
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ԶԶ͹Ȼֵ֣嵹֮Σˮ𣬴˶أĳڣҵһݣ˵ţЯͬˣ
һеĻǰлæʾⲻˡɶԷе֮⣬Բݷ˵֣һ
֮£һֻ򣬹˵ǰ֮飬е֮壬λֺΪ˶黳أһ٣̶⣡
һЦλǰĺøб
һЮͼһй鹦ˣ˸ĪǺһЦ޵һڣ֮νԴ棬֮šֵԴ̣ʹҵǳ
һҡҡͷƲҵͷȴǰ⣬Ҳر°ˣûôĴ
ֵѡһĻһתȥ֮Уˮɫ⻮һ˿Ȼֹͷʾ⣬ʵΣ
ŮӶ˶񣬴߷һĨЦ⡣̧һ£漴ʹ˵ȻްֵѹһҪл֮⡭ǰŮһ˶鶦Ž𵤺ڵĸ֣ڴʱֳһ־̬
ǺǣΪԵʡһΪЦЦ˵һЩۡЪϢ֮ұҪ뿪ɽ򡣴˴λ𣡡
֪ΪΣһƵģͷЩȻĬĬˣɵԼʦ


589 
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֮󣬾гһɫӰһ̸С
գӰ뿪һӣΧζ
չȥӰʵۼצԡ
ǡڴʱһֱϷɳһ⣬ٿȻӰ֮С
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ʦͽ˵˴ɽ֮пνض顣һ˵˷֣á
׷һʼռ˱ˡǶʦͽǴ˵ĸ֣ܲʹδѡʶڳֵʱ·
߲ԼĶ֣һδҪսʤһԪӤֻ֡ǵͽܵʹŹһ٣ݻ֮Σһ׮¡ǸʦˣݡĽ֮УУһͷ
ѭ˫֮˿˿Ƶ׵֮ľȻʹٻĺ˻⡣ÿΰ֮ɫʵԭɡ
˺һߵ׷ɱ˵ûеɱ֮޲ֻƶԷ֣ȴ϶д
һʶԪӤʿǴͷŭ֮£Ȳ֮ʱʹɱ֣˭ûлԷģһס
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Ϊ롰ǽٴεԴһཫǿ
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ʱһԪӤΪ˼С
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УһξݵĴš˵ǺɾУĵر鵤ҩɼҹӦоУϹɵá⣬Īġš֮ɵϻԵ
˵ÿɾ֮ǾݵľŴ۵ʱ򡣽ʱƽ֮ƬϣƼʢǰ
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˴Ӳʧ黫˸ӡֱԼıԶԣŵĲͬ졣Ļ˵ǡһô
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ŻרŽһ仰һֻ֮һϵͷμɣɽˮ޷Ժ֡Ψһķ֮£׳ɽŵ
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ҲӵⷬǼ٣֮ţһھܾһ֮޷˽ᣬһѡһţܺùһ˴Ǻɾһԭɡ
һɾ֮УϤǰδ֪Ķͬ˸ɻ󡣵һ֪ɾʱĵһĪΡҹ˵֮ʱڤڤ֮УһٻָŽµ·ɵĪ𡭡
ڤһ¡ȥµʯмţ߳˾ҡ󣬴˶Ľƣϲǰˡ
ǰվá
ǺǣֵѣˣʩѣһЦ񣡡
ǰ̶ӭвʧ׽
ǰһڣһЦճλӰ£ֱԣ
ǺǣͶµѲǶ̶һǰغ򡣴˼Ҿ֮زԶո֡ǺһЦ̬ǫ͡
һչذ£δʶߵָơתɽţʱڶǰƬ̡֪δᡣÿձⲻԶǡ˵
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öɫϲɫӹɽæְлһ
οһЦƷѵõ񣡵׽ֵѣȮСŮĸԵ
ʶ̶Ҷۣһ֪ĵ֮Ⱦݣʶһǫǡ˴˵һ̧ͷ˿ɫǹʱ֣ͳ˶Ľƣ˵һҪš
æ˵ǰⶴŰɡ
ǰջơ̶󸽺͵
ɫΣ˵ֵѺúദաΪۣĳΪգȥвףշɽ䶴Ͼʱ֮ɣ
һһЦǽͻ˹ȥ˵޴ţš


590 
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ڶǰȥ֮һϵĴ󡣾ǰҪʮʯȥڲԶһСֻ뻨ʯɡ
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һլԺڵĴһʶĲͬһʾ̡֮ͳʯ󷨵ķá
һ˼⣬ʹáһȴǳЦ˵һ䣬ӵףС˸Ծʧ˴С
ºֵо֮磬λӡѵ֮С
˴ڵɽ£ɽ˵һС
СӶ˰ʱһⲻҪصƣж顢·˵·ټҾƵ顣
˼ӣ˴ƽΪ죬ʲôҺ¶ľܺɾˮڻǸ࣬˼Ʈ֮ȴҾӡ
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ϵ˵Ƕ壬Ϊŵڡ
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ֳϣΪϵĿɽӣűԸ
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һ仰֮һ˰ѷɽڽ£Թ˻ǰСȫæȥȿֺɽеܡ
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СǸԩңˣźò׶һʿʦռˣɶԼ˵أ޳಻Ұ
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ŭ֣ƿڴӹδ䣬ȫžǲһģͷܡգۼ䣬˱ûӰˣȴлԶԶ
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ߣűһ黫ĶأԲƽȴһЦſɫһͣߵŵӽɢޣȱٹ̡ܽ
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һ˵ͷֱ϶塣
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ʱٽ۵һѨС
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ߣףߺһ˵ʦȥݣսתɽţʲô㻹ǵ˼˵ɣ
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ǻȫŵĿе֪ŵʿʮ֮ԪӤʿӶһˡ߼ᵤõģʿֻˡ߽ʿһûС
ʿԺ󣬽ԿרŰʦӣǱŲɡԵɣ޷鷳
ӵʵЩɽҵʿ಻ֹ
ΪŵӣͬڣӺòġ
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һǰ£һнƷס˶ڡⲻӵİɣתһʮ֮һϼԲɽ
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Դţ͸Ź죡˴ʤŨ
һ°ڣϥϣŲ£޲ʡ֮Ұ֮ˣһ֮
ͳס˶ڣһϽ«óö򡣺˿ھƣĦͷϵһƪн

һĨȥ˺ڳҹɫһֻµ۴ƶŶɽƶ
֮ϣһһӰΪģףòӢһСŮӣѩ̣ͦüĿ续
ǳʱ֣շ۵Ķ̬У˵Цϡ
ʦ֣շת˼ղ˴ĪʦĹ𡭡˵ŮӵģòһһЦġ
ǺǣַףºЦݺʦÿıã
ݺŮ۲һΪʦ㱨ʦȴСɽˮ˼ͷ̤ʵء˵ţһתһ̾ʦ֪ˡҽÿɲ
һЦΪȻ˵ʦĴнŵĲأ裬˼ŷŭǰסǺǣǲһں֮ڰˣҳݡ˵˴ֺ֮԰ο壬ʶǳ޹ʽл꼰ʦţʵðݺʦΪǰȭ
ݺȻһЦ˵ʦ֮Ϊ߳ʦ಻ԸҪСĲźá˵䣬Ⱔʦ֣֮Ա
ˣЦ绨еϮӲɵһͦţȻΪǲߣɽȴѷ֣϶һսʹڴǺǡЦһư
̸Ц䣬ڲԶɽСš֣̤նݺۣ
ѭɽȳֱ룬ﾲĵĲӰֱ£ͻȻһԵɽϳʿȵ
ˣҲ룬ȥϡ
ֵصӣһδֹ㱻һȷ˳ȥһһȴǺη壬Ŵ˵ĺŮŭ
Сݺ̲ס֡˵ǵһءòŮӽһǵͨ졣ٴγ֣һԵſ³ɽ⻪һһҽ
ٿ֮䣬ɽֱ͸˵ĵؿڶ䡰ͨһˤڵء״Ǳȷɳȥĵδһ飬Ϯ亰ڣֵѪС
ʿתۺʬŨصѪȴݺɫ΢䡣ʦ˵ֻ׶񣬽Ǵʦ߽ѵһٱɣԼִˣʦֳֻǺãæΣȴʧʦ֣ǡ
ʱһɱŵϵʬһڣ̧ͷȥæʦã˺󡭡
ֻƵĶϣͻȻǵؽʮ⣬֮Ļʮ׹⣬ŭ˷𡪡
Ϯɱ
ɱԹŮ
ɱеģŮġ
׺䶥

ŻĵɽȣʱͬȺըһ㡣ᣬССɽУԼͬܳʮڵʿֱǷɽ׷Ī˵Щ˵Ϊߣ֮ͬƲɵ
ݺûֳ棬ʱ⣡ʦַæɽȥ
Ϊм˰벽ߵһȺ󱲣նּ̧һõķϷ
䡢䡢䡪
һľУʮɽ׹Ȼʹ÷Ĺâһ̶ǡ顪һ˳ȥ
һкƿ쭾ϯƾˡ
ɫһ䣬æҪ߶ɽ࿹ﾡĽ׹⣬һк£ӵŭ죬ʹ޴ӵֵȲѣֻæܡ
ȴŵȴǲģһǰȥֻɽУâҫĿ󣬵ضɽҡ
ݺɲѰʿһԪӤ֣һŽ𵤺ڵΪȴʮλʿƵæҡ
ֱ˳ɽȣԶǡšֵʱβſΡһȺУȻΪͷǡǸ𵤺ڵļһ׷£ͣʹ˰
һĶͣʮλʿһſŭ壬ɱڡݺǱɫȻɽУ˴˫Զš
ΪɽŲɱҵӣԽǰһߵӴ
Ųɱ֮
ϣ͵Ϯţݰ
ݣɱԹŮ
ɱԼˡ
һʱȺ鼤ߣ죡
⡭޷죡ҧгݵΣɫ࣬۽ֱ鴤
ݺܵγѪˣԭȴ̬ѲˡЩãȻؿǻˣת޴ؿʦ֣ͷ
ֻһȺʿȴһͬʮĶǣڶԪӤʿȺ֮ԻΣԶţ⡭δţ
ҿ£ԷǡšΪ粻ǰ˿ʱ߳ŭԼһ¶ʦԸӣرΪ˵׺Ѳɣ
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ͷ˼ƽϣνסԵõЦһݺãȻֳ˵ģ˵ʦǡ
ţѭʦ˵׶Լӳͽ䣬Ϊʦָ˵ɣִˣ»ȥý˵˲ʦֵĶ֣Ǿ˵ƻݺݡ룬ǵ˴еı⣡ʱʦûɱ
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ţһЪϢայһ磬ɽ±ֳôĶòӾ˹㵲ѡ
ŵӵķʵЩ⡣ʮʿӵϣǷɽ׷ͬʱ֣Ϊ׳ۡ
ЩΪ黫֮ͽϮʱ򣬾Ȼһη뺷쳣
ȵţһΪȻʱ֮ģ˼ֲͬĿνϮġˡʱȴЩͿ
ŮɰӲʦҶǰһأܵ˴ɱˣ
ߴ˸Ⱥ𻢣Ƕ˸ϵɽСһҺĽһôһ顣ԭ鶦鷳ˣ
ӵĵɢޣһĶϰóȻ߲жԶֹţ˱ʹȻ֮УǸݺΪǰ˵ʿɱ֣δ̫ˣ
˵ˣ޴󰭣鶦ȴ˸ˣʲôȥˣǸǲȥᷢһأ㼴ָ˵಻ܳӲڼҵʱ򣬱ɱ˰ɣ
ĥƬ̣һҡҡͷڲ֪֮УԼȻվһߡݵԵʣǶεΪ񣿿ɾôһĹɽִԳ£˫üһ߳˶
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ʼߴ˻֮󣬱žŵһУһϵʹ⣬Լʦδſڣ㱻Է˸Ѫͷ
ȻûýǶְɣҪǸɶȴϵԷߺһʮ뷢ɽжʱһƬ׳һ̣ۼһʮ˷ֻ⬣ʹ޴¿ڡ
ƾεΪδһȺʿʮ簡Ȼ£ԪӤʿ಻档ǰһ׳أԽ
һʱĽ֣ʹ쳹졣ߺ޽ӵΣΪöԷɢ֮󣬺һɱ˭ǻһ𲻿ǰһֻһ磬вʧ·ʹ޼ƿʩ
ؼʱ򣬻Ů˼ҵ˼ܡݺʦΪѣվҪ˵ˣʦڣò߽ѵһ٣ԱΪʦָ˵еһŮӽһ
˰ǺܻǴˣⲻбŮ˼ŭʱ򣡶㶯ŭһδ֪δһУ㿪ʼˣ
Ǻŭˣ
Ҵ򲻹ԪӤ֣򲻹һ𵤺ڵŮӣӿϲִݻˡ
ɽţѹռʱ˺͵ߣһȥδŮӽ֣αضȥ·һΪʱ
ݺԭݺ˵òɼȻΪ𵤺ڵʿ޲ǻǵ֮
ϵˣ·ޣֻŭǸƶ˵Ůӡ
תۼ䣬˾һ
ߵ׷£鶦Էɼغ֮ݺǳܲסԷ׺ݣڽڰˡڴʱͻȻ֡
ŭɶߣæЩӼϳԿ׺䶥ΪԮ֡˾һв꼰Լˣ׷ۿۡ
һԪӤ֣˰ٰκβȺں֮ڣʵʦŲס˿ɶߡ׶֮˾Ȼ׺βɵö˱ɱ֮ġ
Ȼ֣αƵβܼˡʹɱֵʱ򣬽ϵ׹ⲻʤ䷳ȺСһ⡣ͷһᣬ˲࣬ɽɱȺ
ԭʮ˼һ£ȴߵĴ½оݣűƵõȴʱ˷ʩֻƾѪԺδΪãζʱת
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ˣβеǰһܣûĹǣʱȻɢεķɽȴ·ɣոһһ
Ǻǣеûܵÿ죬һȺȮѡκǺЦһȴЦݣΩ۹𺣬͸Ŀ⣡
ס֣޳СˡµһɱĿѡŵỊ̇ʮˣɶʦѪмԭأ̱Ҫڽ£˻𣺡
ڣǲҺǱһؿڡԽסһͷ˷ɽ
ƣӦݺ˿εлͬǽ𵤺ڵΪɽֵʱȴ価·磬ɼߵ׺ѵСŻʦ֡
ֻɫʦڣϲʦίָһ㣬ǰѱѪķɽǰɣֱȡںӡ
ֻգ۵ĹһжģأЩͬűʬŴɢȫľΡɱأôͷˣѽһԹŮǰ֣ԼãǱҪ
̻֮ʣѵõϷˡ˱˴˻˸񣬻ܰɣ
æ֮УŻ̲סͷһۣɫʱұ䡣ϾȻӰһڴʱɱʹ˼¡ɲϮʹֻŴ󺰡

еţ𣬱㱻һ޴ĺûֻһٿűǡ䡪һ£ǿȻŷʱ˳ȥ
˭ԼԺУűȫ󺰣ֳϣֳϡͨˤ˵ϣһѪ󣬲ȥ
һѽķɽأŰɢű˵ɱ
Ǳɱһ裬䲻ɵһĪ϶ɽˣݺʦֳܴ죬һȻŻĸ֣
ŵӣһһէ쳹ɽȣ֮һɫӰƮȻֻͦΣڷڶһ˫üƽֻ̬ͣľƺ«Լ΢΢ǣʹ͸Ųơ
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Ǳߵβɵüͷ漴мЦ죬ҶǰǸС𣿶˽ڵʿΪŵĳϡߣΪԪӤʿأŪ飡
ҵ⡣а䲻ʵĲ㡭γ߳һתݺ˵Ϊʦɽ
һڶ񡣷ϹսƬ̣ҵĲʰǸһζɱҪţ˵ΪѵһҲˣЩ޹鶦˷ӣΪȴĲ
һסˣӶ񡣷ҴܵĵӲҪܡ֮󣬶Ǹβᣬǽ˽¡֮˦һ޵Ӱѱ۶ֱĹȵأת߷ء
ͨһ£ߵŵߣһѪ˳дŵߵӰٿʧžδ̧ۣԭ֡ʦ֡תֿЩѪܵʬɱ˫ַأɫһôӣʦ
δ˵꣬ǡۡһѪ˫Ŀͨ죬£ָģӻĺɱʮˡʮ˰ŵĵӱɱ˽һ֮㲻ú
һɱ𡣿߻벻⣬תһʦ֣ǽ𽣿ƲӸó
ҵߣһĬȻ
Ǻǣ֪ĶŭЦ˸мسΪӣĳΪɽһ
λδ˵꣬һɫһ߳ȣסڡת˫һչ


593 Ȯ
һһ̣ܵĵǱ׷ͣȴ˸һȥ
źʱ˸ǰʶ϶ʦƣдʦٶ鶦ŵ˿ԪӤʿŽտǴͷඣ
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ȫȴ˻ҩţִ㷵Աߡ̧ͷȥ
һᣬһŶ߳¹ţǽ壬ȴɱĽڣߣΪǰȴⱰĹ˲ݡ
ԲѣΪߵ֪֮ҲǸʲôβм
âһ˵¹ߣŶ֮νΪȻ
һڵʿѣȴֱλ鶦ŵĸͽǿ̣벻̡
󵨡ŭ⣬εɫѿݺŭѣȵ֮ͽ
һΪ˵ʹ˰֣պѰˡȻһ٣üһһ˵һڴˣϲݶȷ
ʦ֣ʦѵݺһŤôĺÿֻĵѲɱߵϳԿΪơǰ˲һڵĺýһɨǷ϶üԾԾԡ
˽ɷӣֱ£
εɫתݺΪ˵ʦԸʦΪѹ󡭡
һǣתǺЦһʦǫ񣬱˴˹ػȻǽԼϵ⣬ֻڲˣ
ݺȴüһȵҪ¼¡̴һţ³һѶСµķɽֱһϮȥ漴ɫһ䣬ԷǽµĽأڰУȴûӰˡ
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֮Уݺ߶һõķסȫȴһƬƶűһͷ
顪һУɢݺҡ£Գ֣һͷɽȡ
ʦáξһһҪȥɽоݺһӰ֮ĻǸ룬ɽ裬ֻʦõİΣ
һȻ죬εķɽķһԣƲֱĺĶ
ʦиʧʦԼСӵ͡æ֮Уóһ𷽶ץݺ
η׹ݺץУδúɽʯײ䡪һ£Գܵľ֮Ϯżһˤ˵ϡ
һĶõΣ֪дˡǱ֮УֵŻԹΪأûݺС
һҷݺָκݺһ£һδʹɱ֣ŵӰɢȥԭĵطֳΡ
Żţʱγһǽͬһ㣬˫Ϊˣһ΢΢ݡҺ÷ŴСģŶһѡΰһ޴󰭣ݺܴûһжľʹİ
ԼΪĲ㣬һΪԼʤԪӤʿ⣬Էһ𵤺ڵݺǱ˴˶ԿĻһ
ûһ԰ְţһ

ʱæż۰ݺȫţЩפĵǣѽŵһпΪܡ
һҷ˸𵤺ڵʿһӽԪӤִɽȣֳǴչ۷簡
鲻Խ֮£ȫͷֳ䡭һɤ֮漴˸͡ʱֳĺ˷졣Щɢĵӷ׷۷һĹ򣬶ʮִյһһ˷ܵؿŰеǸֳϣ֮飬Ա
״߰˿˼ŵҩǽסƳһǸڵͷûɵһ󷢽漴ҡҡͷȻˣʦ־ǣ˭Ĵأ

νݺ֮УԺ²ѡʦõƲأֻί٣ʧɫȴԵýˣʹϧ֮࣬һǺ졣
СӷǽڵΪȴ޵һʱǿĳúõʰ㣬Ȼǹʦһء
һ־ݺɳȥɣڰ֮оź޺ת̧һУǵǽʧˣתһԲصϡһߵĪΪһӲͷĿһС㣬޵ˣ
ţĪıһüֱۡʱҪ˵漴ɫһ
ԷƣβΪЦһüͷ˿һеת˿еʦãɣȻһգȥһ䡪
ߣҷŹ㡭
һδ׷ϣζԷҷѸʧԶɽе˲ԣΪǸεӰˣһź
ֳ䡭
δֹֻһɫӰԶ֮һȣ˺£
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һĬЩӽԲ˵ֻߡͨڵϣɥ˵鶦ŵΣɱҵʮˣҺʦֽˡ
ӵ۾ʱªԵˡƺһʵ˴Ӵ˴ȥβɣ
ǶԹŮæ
ããã˵ãǺŭɶ˻𣺡ɱҵӣұɱӣһҪɱǸΣҪɱ
µЩӣһǲҿȴĿ¶׹⣬Ҫȥɱ˷
Ӳˡɺ˫ۣתߺߵسݺ׷ȥɽЩһʱ֪Ǻá
һǰҡҡͷӻĿʱö£תȥȫŻ߶Űʦһ£źһֳΪͽȴת뵽飬ǽŮӶ޷Ⱑ˲ɱͣǻɫӰ˶񡣷塣

һص񡣷ϵĶУžޡ
֮ӻˣƤڣһŭδģһڵǸ֮󣬱ýƷ˶ڣ˭ҲɱûɱΣ޴֪
һĶ֪ʵʵڶдĦֹ򡣶ڸڵھӣ½ֳϣλͬĹʡ
ǺмȮţλȴǲֱ˴ల¡
һչȥŵ˳ĵʱڡ
뼺޹أڵĸѱһ˸ɾʱڼʽ־ͻȻ˴󣬻˵ף󷨲װֻò˼ա
嶴ˣһ΢㵡
Ǳ˫ִŶڴĽƣһĺ档δλŵɣû˵ǰܻģôˣ
һǰһֽһԵľƺ«䣬ʰˣŲæ˸־˷յĶڣҪһ䣬˭˵ϷŲϡȥأ߶˵
ǰҪһʾδ뵽ⲻϡ֮˵
˵껰˦Ŵ䣬ŲӻȥˡһҡҡͷֻȥֱʮǼ䶴δǰи߿ɤ˵ͨɡ
Ųһ٣һǷЦ̶ʩʩȻ˽ȥ


594 һٺ
һ߽ӵĶܣ˴ԼǱ£յģǼªֻ˶һӣӦΪ֮á
Ī˴ĺ᣿ʾ£ӴЦ
Զһ̧ͷӣһЦ˵£Ƶ壡
޳ңأֳΪұ˰ǰһӴΪ⣡
һüͷ⣬Դ֮㣰˵ֻҪľƽͣǡͷһ£γϴʲôطһģλ˼ȴ޸ۣȻңøʲôǸʲô˵ûΪű£ȴִĲͬ˴ôͬˣ
ӹɣԶµķӲ޶£νͬ˵أЦĺºͣЦѿ
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ӵЦݻ鳤˵޴󰭣ȣڰҿϷʶȻǿˡ£ƲԸ֮£һ˵Ӧŵ񡣷壬Ϸĸο˵ŻһöΪ֣صص˹ȥ˵ƪ׷˵ȱȴ֮סϷɲó
һӹδϸǹֵл
ΪܻԷһϲ˭ȴ鵭ӣʹԸζӿһе򣬾Щ漴ֲҡҡͷ˵ĪҪС׷ϴ˵֮Ҳ˵֮УӦӤʱЩ鷳
һüһʵ˷ȵ١֪Ӥ뻯ʱԻٽ٣ȴϸˡ
һۣӺߵ׷ٵһ֮ʹϷоˣҲŲôء
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˵˴ӵɫһ˿ĪĿֻšһĻʵ֮󣬻𣿡Էڻص֪
꣬һ䣬Ϸ˵ͷϡ㲻٣
£پԶһЦЦԳ֪ηǰָ㰡
⻰Ӻһ˵ߣ޼Ƚٳɹߣʮŵ׵ɴ˿ɼһ߰ƪ׷֮Ҫּ֮ʴˣʹȽ֮˶ɵתһԹһֵɵתʹö˹һ񰡣
ӵĻһΪȻߣԪӤһ֮ңһͬǵԽȥɾԪӤΪǧԪǶɽʧܣλһΪС
Ӳ˽֮ˣԺⲻҪʹ˶̡룬һֳŶԷ֣л⣡
ԵôЦһԷǰλŵɫڻƲβŨü㣬˫Եɲ͸һ˿Цʱ򣬵ʧˬ
㷽˵ʱȽһΪʱ硭ͷŹӡһһʵǰĻСָ
Ӵ͵۹⿴һɱߵˣϧϺʦԷЦͷ˵µĲԪӤϵΪſǰɾ
ԪӤϵΪȻУһ˵ҴʱڵΪԵˡ
ôΪϷ޻˵ֻζĿһӽ˵Ϸ򽫻˵꣬ȡᡭһͷ˵ϴ
ӳ£˵ȻúɾΪɽ£ϷȻҪ˵һ
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ˣݵĴСŻΪ֮ʦڣŴ಻ϷŹᡣʶÿκɾʱƬ򽫻ۼǧʿ
ÿεĺɾ֮УΪҪܡĴأ򡰾ˡԵʣ
νġˡʵǾŸ˵һͳ˵ÿһݽԻʿΪ׵ˣƹϽµĴСšżҺһÿׯһأΪŵͳϽ
ˡɣھԶ޴ӿ֤Լ֮󣬵ʧΪݺദһӡ
ãɾŴĲϣ˭Ҳ˭ʹ˴˼ĳͻϡׯǼԷڣֻ֮ܲ
ɴ㣬ʷɾ֮գǾŴ˰нϾʱ
Ϊ׵ˣȻҪδѣɾ·ͻȻӦ޴롣ʶǡټߣóСһںһ£Ǳ˲ʿĻˮ㡣
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һӹֵʮʯƣǿ顰ϴֻԶۣ˴ϸƣſĵһ棬һԼġġ֣˵רơ
䣬Ϸһ飬ǵõŵơӵ˵
еƣһȻʵֻΪһƣɼ֮סǹЦȻ
ȴֿ򵽡һ¶ɫԷЦδȥ۾һɣ˵һư۴СаϴŵϿɣܻһơ
һȻǰɣĪΪˣ
ֻϷŵһԵɰˡӵЦݺùŹ仰˸һ⣬һԵʲô׷ŷŵĻͷʵŵĹزСȴֿƣֻǼǮЩʮʯ
ǰʮʯأӸ߶һ䣬ɵ¶۵ӡ漴һӣ˵ϱû򲻵Ķʯûˣ׬ǡ
ӿƹᣬȴǬ⣬⻹λ׬Ǯĸ֣Ŵҽʮʯֻǲ֪ȥ׷εʱôǱʣ
лͽ̣һƷʵһκɾĿжʱգ
ƣΪ˵ûӡ
ԣһɰҡҡͷſ˵Υ֮٣֮ΣΣɾԭɡ˼ʱ򣬶Էֽ˵һ꣡
аꡭһΪԼˣʧһ䡣ԷϵЦݲҲ̶ãȴŽɫ˹˵ʱָ̣ǰɲû𣡡
һȻģӺһ˵ֳ£Ƶźð۹̽סЦ
ӣȻŪԼˡһǣԿЦ
µİ꣬㻹޲ԪӤϷమĪˣԹЦ˺һ˵Ǭ˵ϷɽһˣѰЩöȴǰһˡ˱ųϵٺЩôϾʱ㲻һݣҩԲɻȱ

˵˻ỰһȥŵǬУȻװһʯ뼸ƿҩ
˿ŵĳ಻ٺ㹻ķ벻ӵծֵʱ˵£
һ곤ϣһʯ֮ǿԵõʯ
һӶʯʱںһ䣬¶λıĿ
ٺǰһٺ


595 ׾
صԼĶ֮һеǬȻʧЦԼȱʯвΪ˶׽⡣
ϥһ̧ͷںһƬ˵ȴûӡǬв鿴£Ѱʮөʯֽ̧׳
һөʯǶ붴ϣǵ㣬⻪˸ɽڶʱࡣ
һǬеʯóƿΪ̻ڽСڡ˵ͷӵˣ
ᵤ֮һûнҩ֮ʹý𵤵Ϊһ񣬾ɾ֮ղ꣬Ϊüޡ
Ȼ˾ݣһĿĺɾֻڶ̶̰֮УͻƽڵΪѣҪ𵤺СɡɡԲֱսӤҲ
ĥһмƽ֮һóƬ
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߿ɶԼڴ˴⣬
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һ٣һڶѨȥֻ粻ʱ˺Ѻڳҹɫ˷УпХŭ衭
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ڰеһǿͷľ£ĿȥһͺͺʯϣȻϥһλߡͷɢɫΪ˿˿׹⻷ƣɷǾˣ
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һ֮ʱľһֱֱ˶񡣷ķ嶥˫һգգгâֻ˶ӵľٶ
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뷢ֱ˫ĿԲƺһ漴ֱ任ӡйꡡ
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ϰ׷̶һ£ֻԿžһߵ˲Ტָۡһⱼߣһը󣬱ڿٿȻ֮չڲе֮Ρ
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߿һһĶֽ´һ¶һ˿ȻߺһŹŹֵЦݹ˵ʦֹǸ˲¶࣬Ϊʦȼ磬ķڷˡ
һ٣תһһʾ⣬ȫѴСԹʦܣʦʦվ˵ء۷ľ齡ľΡľһðʱ佫ªĶѨװΪɵĿ
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װģˣһεҡҡͷΣ֮ʱֻǿŵ󣬻Ϊ˶ԸΪͽԵɣ
Ҫ£лʦľ֮ɡ߲ͷһ䣬ľ齣һ˵űļһᣡϥ£ƺ˱ƣԹһʦ֣롭
ܣǰĵطѱģִյƹۺҲ⣡һǰδ£ŭȵͷȥŲӣЦźǺǣԼ͸ĪС
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ڼǰɽһȻ֪ȴĹʡӹԷ˵ʦһţԱ̽һϢһһЩӻ׳ɽšֶʱڲܻת´֮á
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ƷϵİϣʾѭͼеıǣҵݸĹУǿƿᰳǡ

뿪˶壬һɽСԼĶǸ׺䶥ĵطר׷ʵǱչصĺڡ
˵ƬټɽȽΪУ⿪䶴һ¿һ飬δѰʵĵطƬ֮תС
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ǰһŶԷҪȥĵطȴ˼һͳԼĳơλʿʱùԲٳ󷨣ڳǰһ·ߺãʯ಻Ҫˡ
ȥݿҪʮʯأһȻǵ˵ŵӵܹãʱⳢһ£ּۻ۰ˣδ԰װʹһش
һʿлԷܳͬƲҡҡֻÿЦҡҡͷһ˺а߽󷨡

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Ľֵֹɫ˵ﲻʱʱ磬зۺն￪⣬һɽĺΰǣɸߵĳǽӺأȴҲ߼ʡߴĳɼ֡ᰳǡ
ǰʿ洦ɼɷ̬˴ల۵ʣƲסĺ棬ʹһסɢʶ
ᰳǾȻΪ㣬ΧķԲӴǷˡʮڳǡһδڳǵΣǿʶɨ
ڴɲǣһɫһ䡣ڳǵǿʶԲԪӤʿçײ漴ʵʵ·
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һ֪οʣóǿеƱ˹ȥԷһſ˵ݣæ˵ˡС׾֪λǰкηԸ
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ᰳ֮У˿ڰеʿ٣ĻǷˡ˴ȴ޷׼еĹٸţֻᰳɹϽԼʿڶķװԸ㣬̣ңһȻ
һڽֵ֮ϣżͶ۵Ŀ⣬Ƕ޶ãȫûֶʿη塣ʿԶԶ·ԣʾľη񾴣
ͼеͼ֮һڳȥʱ֮վһǰӵĳâһš
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ǺǣԼһʹ̬ԵһЦȴ̧ͷȥף֡
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ӲΪҡҡͷ漴ֱ˫֣̾һ˵һˮκβ㡭һ٣¶͵Цݣ˵Ŵܣˡˣ˵úãӶڲ֣κң
ۣ£ϵŵΧ۵ʿæ
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ߣȻˣᰳǲգЦһ˷Ը롢Ԫټ֣˵ˣĳĲݣ˴ǶֵĵطȻ϶һ٣
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ߣϵƶʱʧӰ١˵ħɷٳ᰹Էֻ⹰񣬲δӦư䰵һϼЩЦݣֳŮ˵ᰳǵòɣʢһʱһùķݣ֪Բ飬˾۲Ѱ
Ǻǣ͵ǣǰӺðһ䣬ָɫһŭλѣԣ
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뵱ĵʿΪӤѾĻʱ˭뵽ĵҩأˡӤýӤһɵİգһĽݾҲ˵˾յΣȴʡȴʮ꣬ĿްԼ˵֮޳ԪӤϷŹõĻ᣿
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ʯſɽһƣ˳ţǽڳǣ
һ۳ǽ̧ͷգһű˫ⲽǰ
ڳǵĽֵϾȻȴȻɷӵһطֻʿӰ߽ѭ浸أߣͷУʩҷҴܣϣ˴ԵࡣҲǣǳؽΪػǸٳݲſԺ޼ɣ˻治ҷ
ǰУһֵԵĵ¡ȴջ¥⣬ԶΪʽ̡δȥƸʣǽһˣֻٺúùһ䡣
ۿɫһһҿջǰ᰾ӣµƣ
ջһûʲôͬٽֵľ¥ӵţΪɡѽƵʱ֣ǰһĵɷϲ졣֪ӭƹŹ̨ڴкʲô
һ¥ĴڣƻͨоµһžζһƱյӰʿзˣ֡
һ֪͵Ļӭ˽ȥƹȴǴӹ̨ӭ˳ڳǰкСأסꡭ
ƹǸ̬ˣȻΪһ۱㿴͵ݣǲҵһ⣬֪˿ջĹءʿ뷲˽ԿסͷȴͬסļǮɲˡ
ʮʯסһ£ǹޱߣҪȽһµķǮ
ǼһٳٲʯƹЦ˵ˣʿ붨ѮյĹܲڽҪʱȥҪǮɣ⣬λǰҪǾ޵ĵطջ˯ģƽϼǮأ
ڴ˴סϼձҪתȴҪװͳһµķǮһЩԸóʮʯƹ¶ϲɫһ֮󣬱㻽ƴȥЪϢ䲻һ䣬ʿʳҪǮ
ƹ˵һ˵һ⣬ػ㲻ץ̨һ̳ƣͷҲظŻԺ
״ƹһ漴֣æʳҪǮɾˮ㰡

ǿջһСԺľ
ԺֻһӣҲˬӣ֮⣬ֻһľݽȴһССľֻʯʹá⣬СԺܻһ򵥵󷨣Ϊ䱸֮ã谭ʶ֮ܡ
һԺһȦܵĶ֪Уһ̳Ӿȥ˴롣ŷ˾̳ӣϥ
ɷΪͣרűٳСԺΪʿסҿջ⣡
𷽲ƹҪǮģһǡ
Ƭ̣һһǰöһΪᰳǵͼһջ·Ϊ־Уרע


599 ᰾
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Ϊħޣ֮ʱйƫ߻ħ̰ִԹˡħ޵ߵνĲ⾳룬ħȥΨˣȹ̣Ϊܸϲ¥ڡȴ֮ν֮ħޡ
ݵؽϣħ֮ɣݵšͬǾ˵ĳϣԻɢˣŻڵΪ
⣬й޵ɡ
ߣҲ֮죬ڵأѪˮףڷ硭ר֮Ρ֮ڤֳ֮ơȣΪޣͨݵΪŵŻΪɢˣͬǾ˵ľŴ֮һ
¾ɾ컯һһľǧ飬еҲʿ˲֮Ч֮֮ǲͬ졣ʶħ֮⣬һӺݵűеǿߣΪ񣬲ŻڵΪݵ۷ڡ
ʿϼרУ˵ÿһݣ˵ĸƽ˹ŵޣǻڵΪݰٰŵİﴨΪڵΪīŵī룬ΪڵΪݵŵŵӣΪڵΪŵΪڵΪ
ϾŴɵľŴ֣ͬΪ˵ľŴϡ
ݡ־أݵĻʿֻ⼸ˡǧ֮ǰ϶ҽл䲻鲻ö֪
СԺ֮Уһϥľϣֳ򣬳˼á
ħޡһжţȴδ뵽ǿ˹޵Ȼ񣬸ǳϡǸŵĹǻڵĸˣһΪǾ춯ء
Լġʼձ޵֮ջֽ̡
־в˾˵ĴΣ¼һйؾšɥ췭ظ٣һݡȵȣһλǾ͸Ī
ʿӦԡ־꣬һȴһиеİ档֮ٴǸᰳͼ
ͼѰջڣԼʱļ̣һɵʧĹǸ˵ĲȥĴ鿴һ

ҹһҿջ֮Уħɷŵ˼һ䷿С
ƵòԼģ֮ѡֻΪԲ㡭˵лȴ䲻μˡ
ΪѰһ𵤺ڵĵ£δǿ⡭Ұ׺˽룬ħɷſõĳϡԼ˵޷֮⡣һźıԪᣬ˵ƵΪǽ𵤺ڵԲӤᰳǼҴҵᰵ縸ֽԪӤʿᰳɲСﰡ᰼ҵŮӣǿ˫޵ļ檣ײźãаһ
Ǻǣֻôһ˵ЦһݺϺصŨףĿ¶а⡣һԵĶΪҡҡͷ
ħɷУ˫֮Ϊ֪ɫŮޣ󶼳ļ檡ֻ˴ᰳǣλа治ֵط
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ǺǣһҲ˴ţԪ棬ֻ͡
ΪʶȤԵõص˵ͷɫת䣬˵ݴĹѰ䣬ֻʣʦͽˡٲԪӤڵΪȴԪŲ˶ʱաǸֽɲʶôĳԣѰͷ
˵˴âԪ˵ؿãǸ½ĳᰳغ򡭡
ԪǣǲʵĪҪԸǸֽɣ
ЦһߵȻĪΪиԪӤڵʦұˣλ½ĳЩ˿͸ǳôô򡭡

գЪϢһ޵һ߳˿ջ˫֣ȻѭŽֵй
ᰳеĸ̣ͬ󷨷סŻԴˣһֲ֡侶Խһҵҩӣлӭ˵Ҫ𵤺õĵҩԷȻ⡣
֮£һϻɴɢʿ״ʶȤȥƹǰԴ͡
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⼸ֵҩãǮһЩ£ſʵСӤ𣿡
ƹЦӤϡȱҩλǰУһʯһж٣СҪ١
ԣһȻһҩʲôʱ򡭡һҩֵһʯ
һδҩϣȴǮһܾԼжʮʯǸǮˡŷԣ
ˣȽŵİһٺɵҩһóǬƹ˵ֻһʯ㿴Űɡ
һϱɳɽƹãæһһԵǰ·衣ȡƿ̻ƿ굤ǡֵһʯ
һȴĲɵӣֶϵһǼ£㣬˿˿
оƿҩλǰպˡƹЦ˵һϵһѵƿֽһԷǡӵǰȴӭһ˽
һ£δ˵һΪԷóһǰзǺһһۣǺЦԭǽ𵤳ڵΪĪΪ˺ŮչһЦˡ
ǸĹȵֽɣһֻù˵λǰ˵ЦˣŮƼˮ꣬޹ϸ𡭡
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ֽɹ˲һƹĺһ˼˵ϵʯʹãʯӦ
ƹֽɼΪ˼óһǬ˵򹻲ҪٶһЩ
ϻʮǲˣлǮƹˣǷʯͷ㡭ֽɺǺһЦץǬתߡƹںЦǰûʯõҩ˱ɡ
ֽͷҲ˵̲鰡Ҳءǰһգ۾ҴԶȥ
ǸǮƹȴΪ裬ЩڵرԹ֪ʮ򡢶ʮʯãµĵҩȱ
һ˵ҩӣǸֽѲӰųǰһ˼
ĹȺڣ޴ֽ֪ɣԪӤСɵΪӦǸĸ֣żᰳЩĵҩʦٲӵΪͣҼͷʹħɷŵȴɼһߡᰳǵٳ졭ȡʯ֮ҴȥΪΣ
֪䣬һֽЩ¡ֻǱ˴İ·꣬һʱнˡ
һǰһ·һӵǰͣ˽Ų˵ϵҶĸ⡣ӾȻǡ󡱡


600 ҹ
󡱵ңһӵ
ɽ᷻Ļ˵һִţߣΪ˿Ƶѥһ󡭡
ԼǼٻĵۣԡ
ǰƬ̣һ̧˽ȥİɫ㣬ʿڶ౦ǰһһԲĿһĻƣп˵ţӭʩ񣬴˸к
һóǼۣʵɹơ
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ʶõۣδ£һʵɷ޲
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ԭֻǷֺţĪ޲ۻҪһݲɣһҡͷδеλڵӦǴ˴ƹȴֿ˵ۿ޲λǰ´ԼԱ硭
һЩ⣬δ룬ͳǵǸƣ˵˱ã֪üʱռΡ
߲ÿɷЦ£۽һԵĻơӹƣ鿴㽫תһò̶һհ׵ʶӡʲô
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һ£漴üͷΪʯ֮󣬻ǵȴѮµĹ򣬱ȡԼ޲һµĵۡƹԣʱ֪Լȥ벻ССȻһѣȴ˵ǣ
֪ΪΣһͷ߷ŵľֹ⡣
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ı֪кͷµĹİԵһҡҡͷ˵Ҳ⣡Ժȥݣ۲١һ仰˵꣬ߵͷʾ£ת߳ӡ
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һ߳һӣϽ«˿ھơƻ裬ɺŷؿջʱӭӡ
ʿ˽ţԶˡ
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´һ˼һŲǰǼŻͰǰ滹üľõԵüΪۡݵӼ·ٽδ⡣漴߾һλʿбŵվֱˡ
ھǰͣһͳƣѧŷ˵ӻζ¡˭ϣƹĲ˼ǽȥϻ¶Ц
ݵӲǷˣһڵʿ䱹ͻģƹΪڵϹһƬںڣ̳ӶᡭǰһУһ⣬Ī²г룿
ٺ٣λǰѱ˶ꡭƹĺһЦ۾о˸
һüŶԷ˵ȻѰ˴ͨڵķӡ仰δ˵꣬ǰʯ
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һӹʯƣԿ¡ΪªиᰡģпĹŹ뵭
λǰ롭ƹʾ£롣
˵ͷһδɣһͷںڵӡһ໹иСţУѭСתһƧСԺ
ԺغͬΪʿһӭǰһֽ֮˼䡣ԷӦʣȡʮʯһһָŲԶţ˵һǰߡ
е˴һͷˣһûа׹䣬ѰҪҵĵطˣ
֮ǰĽֵϣһʿ˵һ˵شΪ˴ǡ˹еۣһ·
Ǹ֮ʹһ϶ԼĲ²⣬óƣѧǰߵģ߽ǰӡѰĵطˣõŻˡƹʯǲˣ˴˴
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ҹɫУǰ˲ԶһһȥǰΪĴԺӣһ٣̶һԡ
ԺûеƻںһƬ˴Ȼվʮλʿǳ˫ĬţһĵᡣһӰԺŲӿ
Ժӵһ磬һ´ţųâн棬ʶͫ״
꣬һҡͷԺ˽ȥòڡ֮ͫ£һΡԺΣ˸ʣ
ںڵҹɫУӰζͬһ㣬֮˵ǡ֣
֮УڶʿΪٵĽʿһΪȵǣȻмԪӤʿ켣ȺС⼸ֻȥϵϢȴǲмýȥݡȺеΪĵʿ׷׶һԣʹ⼸˵ȥӵ
ģԺ˰ˡ
ʱ˴ԺһӵĴţű˽ȥ澹Ȼһ󣬲֪ȥδ
ǰ½ˣһļ̤˴ֻգ۵Ĺǰӻһɽ
󷨣߳ɽδǰڣһȻͷֻ˽ŵĴȻҪ·ǰкţһصġСţѡء


601 ʯһ
νĹУѹأÿεĿŻҪͬĵطɼаߵĿģɴ˿ɼÿһεĿбУĪķա
ΪţһȺǰȥſǰƬط
һƬĹȵأǰԶʮɵɽյ쳣һ̧ͷȥǿվףҹɫȻѲ˻󷨵ټ
Īѳᰳǣ
΢֮Уһɢʶڽɽ֣ﻹᰳǵӰӣǳһδ֪ĵط
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һԼֱߵɽȥɵ߿һۡȺ֮УһӰڶ
Ƭȵصаˣֿ֮һжʮ֮ࡣתۼ䣬ǸߵĶڣ澹Ǳء
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ǸڵʿһĲȥãһáͬߴ٣ǿʯͷСƿҡ˼£ЩԸ˵ⶫ˵Ƿ֮ֵ˼ʯȥŪ±ˡת̯ǿ˵ҶҪˣѻ˵Ǯɣ
һЦ˲֮ͶûҪ㻹ʯȥ򡭡
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ʮת۱ΧвǼλԪӤʿ
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ʱġδʿ̯˼ˣʱϨ˽ǰֵ˼һվһԹ
һվȺУĬĬǰΡ֮ǰǸԺ֮Уеߣֻ֪ˡ䰵ʾߣֽɡȻԷϳԼ֮⣬ᰳǵĳŴǸͬС
λݵģֱһŮӡһ׳ģӡһüߣһλƤ׷ϸˡװԼ̬ӦԲͬţ˴˵Ϊ󣬽ΪԪӤĳڡ
ѽˡĳ׾ﵱǰȴѱ澿κΣֽɸ̾һ̯Цʵв֪ĳѿɷ˵һأ
̯ɣԼԪӤԼΧ۵δһֽɣ˵
ԣֽһ漴˺һŶԷ꣬䲻Ϊ裬ǺǺһЦ˫֣˵Īʳգգлͽ̣
̯ӲΪӣǸɢޡԪӤǰʻȻ䵭ԵüΪ񡣿Ըˣþʹ˼ƽʲôֽɲԳΪ𣬷ʩֽ̣˿˼ϷʵȤζʱ䣬ɽһƬЦ
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һк֮˷׷תɽȥ̯ɢ޸ʰµģȥġ
ΪΪ󱦣һԴһŲ֪Щߵ˷Ǹ̯ǰ˵ɷǡʯͷһۣ
̯ûڴ˵ؾ˼ȡ˵ϵĶȥʻתһгǿʯͷʵĪǣʶô
һʯͷáңֳ˻˵ͷ


602 Ī
̯һͷľȻһ䣬ĿˡԷĻڣ˵ʶôҷĲȡ
һͰţ漴ҡͷ⣬ҿû˵ҪĶ֮£ⶫһʶʶϱС
ԷڽҪʱ򷴶˵ˣֳ̯ļСסǰ´һ漴һߴٵ˵
ǡһ䣬̯̱ʵ˶϶
һΪЦЦеʯͷ˭϶Էܣͱӡ룬˵ӦΪеһС飬ھԶʧ⣬滹һĪĽƣԷֱ澿
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ֹϱһõ̺ˣԼϢȻϤһ޷Դ֮󣬶йһУһһȻ׽һ۶Էδ˵ֻǲ²ѣ⣡
̯һ䣬ȻЦ¡ˡ
һüͷδ⻰е⣬ȴԷͻȻǸʯ͵Сƿóֱ뵽ĻС
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ڣŭƱɫգ
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һɲǣε֣ݿܵضסһϵơȻʱѹŵһͬãѾɢһաǸ̯ɿ۰˫ƣ˫ͫϢ֮ף㣬ܺá
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ʱһȺɫƽһ糣̬δֺ쳣ƬطԵӵվڳ￴ȥ
νĶ󱦣һ˵ˡֻ˵ԼҪĶ͸񣬴ͨޡ˾ʿ˵Ҳ
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ʱϳָϡŹֵıʹȺǡ˰ȥԼı󱦣ǼλԪӤʿʧ飬Щʿÿÿն
һʱ֮󣬳˹еִ⣬ֻûе̨¶ࡣʱħɷŵ𡣴֮ܣ˵ĳ֮ΪϽ𡯣̫࣬һӣǮԼ֮󣬰ͦأƴֵӡ
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ʶڳĽʿ궯׷׳ųϴ󺰡
λǰ˵ҩݰ
ĻƲΣ֥к̦ӣֻȡǡӤ
λǰǵ֣ǲȱҩûҩݣԸʯһӤ
ԸǧʯֻǰġӤ

ֵĳʹϲȴ֮СǼλԪӤʿ˵࣬ȴڱ˴˽ɫţʲôҩݾ˵Ľ
һԵϣϴЦݡƳ˷ܵţסһͶ£ѵ⣡
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λͬ԰ֽ꣡ɺǺЦһԾ˵ζҩݣֱǧġϻһǧƲΡ仰䣬𡪡
Ʋ˺֮ﰡֻǧɸ߷ѰҪǧģ
ϻʲôû˵
λǰĪáӤҵȣȴûеĶѡ

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ֽɹݵ̬УѿĽǣβȥС˼Ȼһλĸ֣Ҫʲôĵҩ˲ϧѰҩݡ
Уһӭ³ֽɡٶöԷһڳΪ֮
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һ˵ͷ˵ĵرˡ仰ϣֽϲԽæϻͳƿǬݹȥǺЦǶлˣʯ뵤ҩΪС
ӹƿһȴǽʯݻ˹ȥ˵һҩӣ
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ҡҡͷһСġ˵ƿ֮󣬱ֽɱȼȥеִڸкš
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뷽ŵȣʱɽԵЩơŲæУ˸ԴŲͬ˼½߳ڡ
֪ҵݣȴ֪մܷ棿˲ֽͬɲɣһ˵ЦԷЦǺǣһд˵ҵϻЩԨԴȻ˴棬һæء
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˵䣬˳ɽһ²һ٣˫ü
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λֵѣزʶȥһ˵һ䣬ֳǰһɱɢ
ֽһһȻ˵𵤺ڣ㾿˶ΪбչһԪӤưҼˡδ˵꣬ǰһľŵ˵ֵּܶڴˣľ
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˴ֳֽһգ۾̶ظһͦȻУһֲΪȻĽ⣡
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ˣˣһеһᣬʹɱ֣ɫһߵֽѲȻʧʲô
ǡڴʱƬžƫƧĹȵУͻȻһĲҽУëȻ


604 ҹ޹
ʱʢʱ֣췱˸ҹƧĹȵطļȡ
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Ǻǣ˼Ÿ·˼׷أ֮ͽǲ֮٣㷽ŵһģˮֽںѣ˵Ĳ޵һʹ׺С
ǰҿɾҪֵˡ˵Ƭɽгж˳ûİΣްϾʱȥĹѰңٺ٣ƭѾͷһ¶Ĵɣ˵ܱڸ
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ѱֺα̬ЦѰһˣȴСӵϾоݺҩݣΪһŹ𣿡
ֽһŭ⡣һԾһɫ΢䣬󺰵Сġ


605 ɱ
ֽԻ֮ʣһѿ²ˣ㰵СġϢ֮䣬ͻĪɱٽͷһ׻סȫ䲻ݻһеɨ˳ȥɲǼһɫ磡
ĽУһ꣡
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һѵɲǣֽſ³һѾɵİɫȣʱСָһ㣬ȷ֮УһȻըѸȵڶȥ̼㽫令˵롣ϮУȻ֮ڣΪ߽֮⡣
һž޴ĻڣҹնʱһƬ
״ԶһڡȻѣΪռˣδ뵽ǹһͬΪԪӤʿֽɵһ׵ӦֶΣǸСϵȻȻأԼġɷ硱δ֮ʰһС׾ٵġĪǣСر
Ц£һαֽɡһֱԱŻԪͬʱˡ
רעԸֽɣԼһٲҲ׾µķɽҷӭ룬ΣԪе
յԼķԸҪԼԪرСӡԴˣܲΪȻǲһڵĺˣԼĶ֣
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Ѫ磬ԪŵûɢֻôһĺٿȻ͸ؿڡֻ糱ˮȥҹɫŨ
Ԫ̱ԶڰУ״ĪȴķԸֻǻͷԼܷһ
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ֻֽɲ׷һȥѰԪ䡣˭ϴʱɽͻȻִܳһӰɲǣ˲Һһ
һܵĻźȻ飬ֽɴĶȻܵ˰㣡Ȼ͵Ϯ֮ˣȻλԪӤʿ֣Ȼģ˽
ֽɿѪƲᣬƴɱɵڣֻ᧿Σ
״һ˫ü
벻˴ɱʹ˷ʤˡߣ⣡ĪӦǾ׻ԩҲͷ
ʱݶ룬һͷҲصس߳ȥһزֽ֧ɡ
ٲҳɣæԶݣȴסĳƽһʿ޷˳ԪӤ֡
ֽɫ԰ףѪƾΪһ޷ȡʤҲѣ˭Է˵Ĵڴ˴ɱУ⧲֮£һڵСɷɽ͸˻ķ֮ʣѶһѪ
ǿɶ񣡿֮ɱ֣۾ӣĪС˰͵Ϯ֮ˣΪֽɺϸдһ٣ֻҩȱһζùʦء
ֽǱӵʱЦֻջĳֻɱˣ֮ʱһ޵Ϊҿ½ĳϣµĳļַɣ
һλӣ𺣬Ŀ׺ݣԣɫ˵ˣ漴۽ǳ鴤£ѵиˣСġ
תֽĲԶΪȻغߵСӽɱԪһĲδ䣬˲ˣ֪˴ӣ
ֽɱ֮ʣΣ֧ббɽе䣬һһת˲㵽˸ǰ֮Уٸн裬ԷԪӤʿԷһƼˮĽʿԼһæ˵ΪԼۣʱȥιǰ
һֻ֪ܲ࣬ʱǳߣֽɱɣԷԪӤʿһöԸ˵һ˵гԹ
룬һֽɵߣ˫֣͵ٽ
ͻɽһ˹Ʋ΢㵣ֲԪСӻǿԼķɷ硱ʤɣӲӲвſڱ³һѷɽǰָһ㣬ҹɫжʱУɱ˶֡
顱һ죬ȥƲȻɽҵõ˳ȥһ⣬Ҳʰ㣡æԱܣִһһܲ˵һץסֽɵı۰һʱ˶ˣٿȻ˸߿աѻһڵԲ򣬼Ϯȥ
Ϣ֮䣬ǡ䡪һ죬ĵӰһȴٴʧҹ֮С
ףЩŵвջԼġɷ硱²׷ȥܲ㡭亰δֹĿһʹһѳӯСɷɽؿڴ͸һѪߣɽȡ
Ȼһ٣ŵػȥλ½ĳЦмس׷׷ʲô׷СҪܣû׷ϡ


606 ǷǷ
û뵽Ԯ֣Լ˺֣
λ·ĳϣԼΪΪҰĲϵߵСӣΪνʶ
һ̣ƲµʲôȴĺͿ뷢ŭɱйͷķߺޣȴָеһĪĿֻšһ˵ΣʹֻɶԷȻЦ˹
ʰԪʬ֮Ѳ˿еĶ㵵̧ͷȥֻѱûǸ½ĳջǬСɷ硱
ӿͷӣһɤͷ𡪡
㷽ſʲô
ͷһͷתæҹɫУԷʮԶ㹰˫֣Ϊش˵СɱΪ
λ˰Ѻصĺ룬Ц˵ʶȤΪֽɱϷסˣ
æӦ˵ֽɱ
еġɷ硱ǳϵһâֽתҹɫľͷһ˵õ֮λźá
ӣɫ˵ЯڣΪӧ

һΪľׯ԰ڣŨգˮ´䣬滨ޣŨĴƮɢ˵ڡ
ĵһµУȻһλػòŮӡü£ˮ̬񾲶Ȼ
Ůӵǰһϰڷһöż£ҡҡͷ
꣬һ縳ԶţɫƽͣϢһƬȾ԰УƷ׼Ųй䡣ֻļشһ̤նС
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ߵĶеŮһȻӭ˳ȥһ°׳ȹƮɡ
ֹס˽Ų˫һЦ֯ʦк棿
֯ŮȻһЦֵݳöż˵ᰳǵķֺŴż˵Ƶ۳֡ǼٻӦʦƣ飬Ӳˣش桭
Ŷһӽӹż֮Ȼԭˡ
һ۰ˣʹᰳǷֺŵƹﴫĪʦžʹн֯ʵ
ǺЦһתԶʯǰ£˵ר֮Ͼ£Ϊʦ˵һ
֯ݸһЦ˵ѵʦϾϴֲֹͤͤʧ֮⡣
º͵ؿŵӣ˵»Ҫ׷ǧǰʱǵİٰŻʦ浱ңΪʦֻԪӤڵΪ
ݵİǣΪٰŵڣһΪóɡµӴھмߵۡ롰ѥƣΪʦؼÿֻһˡ
ʱΪŵӣ洫Ʋףֲ֮˼ᣬʹáۡ롰ѥ⣬ȴ١
ǰʱȴӵʦԸơǺˮֶɴġۡԼƼġѥ˲ļλ˵ͷʹøͬѽ
һ꣬ŵŵӴӺӦջ񲻴ãٰŵһۡʦΥӱרΪһסۡ롰ѥ
֮󣬺ɾǰϦŵȡ˵ѥӡ˭λǰһȥȻɾ䲻
һű㽫¼޻ŵϡ³ǣ֮ǰһ׮Թ˵ɵĸǳԶΣֻ֮ŵӻˣŵλȴ֪ȥ
λ䲻ĸֿǻڵǰôˣʬȻǲԸݡŵȴԴ±ܶᣬ˸еΡǺű˼϶
ɾ֮Уŵ޹ʧ٣Ų⽫¿ڰ
ɴ㣬ŰӱѰţҪΪʦŵָ˵Ҫʦų䡣գ˴ֵøɢŵĳԹˣ
ŰӶʦֵ乢ڻѰǵİٰšŵõһסۡ롰ѥ˼Ϊѵ֮֮˶ǣǼټؼʱת档
ٰŲţ಻ԸΪµ¸ϵ㴫зֺţ⡭
ۣǧ꣡ɵԪӤʿ˻ڵĸˣʦ֮ƹİٰš⣬һķֶΣ˵֯
Ůӣȴϻ쳣ϲ֮²ԪӤڵΪƵġۡ롰ѥ֮ǰʤһʦϲ꾲ޣ£յᰳǵֺŵż˼ֵĲ⡭
ǰˣżͼǸֵۣΪʦƵһŵ֮ôһСУʵ͸ΣŵǷǷǣҰٰĹʡΪʦͷżţȴһ׮鷳
һϯ˵꣬ӳԼĵ˵֯Ļ֮ʱǵķ羰ãĴһߣҪһζޡԪӤڵΪⲻҪǵżΪ޵֮ˣҪⷲһ򰡣
֯һлʦĽ̻壡бʵʦ㵽˺ɾʱ򡣽ʱӿɷǰȥһ
ӺǺЦ£鳤µжȥɾÿζ᲻֯ȥðǸգиʧ˳ĵӣŲΪĽ裬䲻

Ĵ󺣾ͷһƬأΪݵڡƫƧȴŶǡŰӵԵʡ
ÿһλǰʿĴڡ޼ĻڵǰµգŰӱôһλ۷еʹõ۾һ
һиɽĴǣΪǡ˴ΪУƵɽгǵľ֮
ɽķΪѩǣһĶǰװع뵣Ƿ
һӰ¶ϣת˲ǰһ۵ˣüĿϡ
֮˹ݵ³ʦ߽꣬˶һ侲֮С
ʯ϶һˣһλ뷢Ұ׵ݳߣɫۣԼĹ⻪絶̣ǲڴ˿̻۾ͳ£
ݵİﴨǰż˵ǧǰǼ䡭˵ţ³㹪һö
Ŷߵĳüʶ£ɫһ֣Ƭ֮˼֮Уþòʦְ뵱ķᡣŵλѣѰټ˭ȥ˺ɾ֮󣬱䲻ʦҺһѰҰ
ȥ·Űӽȥɡ
³Ҷʣֻ̬ش
첻˰߲֮Īпһ䡣Ŀ䣬ȴһĨɫ˵ŵӣǱݣҪŵһܻ׽
ʦ³ֳǡ
ֵ¹ŵǧԹ²ɹй¶ݣΪʦΪ֪


607 оӯ
ᰳ֮⣬ٽ󺣵ĵطһƧɽȡ˴ʯᾣľ죬˼ΪƧֽ˵Ĺȡ
һ߳ڵĶǰһʯϥĬĬѴɽȡ
ɽľаԶ볾ľƵĵȻʹľʣ⣡
֪䣬һϽ«׹һھơüĿչ¾תǰɽͷȥһϤӰ
ˣһ˴ԭɣǷһĨЦ
ҹ뿪֮Ƿǲϣ⵽ɢ޵Ϊѣ̶йĪĸ˳ֽ֣ͬʱ֮˵ķ;䣬ִӦսΪҪȫ˲ѡ
ϣȻɱֲֽ֡ɲⰵ㡣һΪͻȻð˶㵲ѣǲǱˣǴӴһ·ݵĹұɣ
±޳ֺηɹұɾһһ˼⡣ҲδǰֱѰԼ鷳ʶӣʱ³˼ԭίԷʵݶ뱻֪Լֺγˣ
룬ȥԪӤʿԽƬط췭ظţڣ޷ԸΪǿĴڡ
ʴˣΪ˲֣֮һй¶Լʵұδû˼ɣߣԼɸ˵ͼ
Ǹҹֽ֮ʣһ룬һеس˹ȥץŶԷʩչ֮ʱǱġɷ硱˺ġ
һһûȥԪӤʿһˣ㲻ҪһͷɽȣӴѡ׵ļͲߣԼͭǰǿŰôһ¡
һѪǿ£һץֽɱ㼱ݶȥʶ֮УǼұɱ֮࣬ͷ˼ֵĲΪԺգδ뵽ǿĶӰΣ޴ڣǸֳӣֽںʱͻȻð
ѭֽ˵ķһһѪӿѽ
ѰһɽϵĶǰһ˼Ѫֽһͷˤ˵ϡλٲʱֻչˡ
һλȺ͵ߣ״˵óƿҩһĻУһ䶴áˣ࡭
ֵܣɫáֽδѳڡɫЩ԰ף󲡳ӡϵЦһգУżֹС
һӭϼ˵⻹Ҫлʦĵҩǣѵˣ
ֽɺǺЦһǿʯߣ۵°ڱȥ̧óһֻк࣬޴󰭣Ȼ˴ѰƣƷһᰳǵġ¶
ʯСΪƽͬʯֽɶһֺϾóֻϣԵõ˵⡮¶Ϊᰳǵĳᰵİ֮Ӳ˷滨֮¶ʱĹ಻ƳѡѾͷռ˲ɣƺҿģٺ٣ϵ
˴ֽɳһͷʾ⣬һ䣬һִơֻһת˲ӯȴɢ뵣ɷ档
ֽ꣬ɷСĵ˫ֱֳŴߵģǺЦֵܣ롭ԷͬٱЦݵȥȻɫȣֽнմʱΪ־һ
Ц£һ˵ͬ˱ԷĿ¶֮⣬֣סٱʾ£ߣδһϢСʱ䣬һƵı飬ʹ˾ͷһ񡣶亮δȥ𣬷һθ¶ҹɫڰٵɲǣۡһ»ʹ˿򣬴㡭
Ǻǣ⡮¶ΣֽЦʵ
һأԶſձζѡҡͷ˵벻仹ơáơ֣
ֵһеģ⡮¶ԪӤʿƶɣ뷲׼ϣɷ֮𣬲ͬնֽΪһһ۹ڲƳԷʵʵգӳ⣬ΪҪأ֪вݣҶһ
ٴζƱؿű֮һȣˣüһ۽̧˵˳ֺ֣αضһ٣
£ֽɶŶԷüۼסЦ⡣ٴ˵ƣ˵ֵܱ㲻˵ĻˣóϻһҪʦһ
һ⣬ǫ£ĬĬƷζš¶Է˵ʵʦҪһ¯쵤ѳﱸ˽꣬ȴΨϻ롮ƲΡζҩݡΪˣܱطһ񡣶ȥҵһ׮¡
˼صͷһ˵ⵤҩǲȻȱζҩݣֻѰϻ޲
⡮¶ΪѵõƷȴЩ˻ζһӱûˣֽδػζεЦЦŷŵĻ˵ƲΡΪϡȴѰʱ򣡶ݼʦ˵ϻǴ˽У޴ٰ˵ţδ׷һҩֻΪҵذ¡
һÿɷصͷţλٲӲΪ֣ʶԼϲвٵϡҩݣɾҩϻ֮һֻǰ֪ưˡڹУֽʩչĻʶվ˳ʵ⻹ڡӤ
ɾеÿһζҩԴ꣬Ƿ׼ҩݿɱȡٲƵġ쵤ͬСɡ
ǲһ룬ֽɻЩ˵ʦԪ޶࣬δɣ֮ⲻɵ³˼һϹŵĵбС쵤ֻ֮ʦѼϰ꣬δܴҩݡʱҴ˲ļأϻѰƲΡࡣұɽ
⡮쵤ĿԪһЩš
һʮԪֽɿ϶صͷ˷ܵ˵ݵأһֻܷʮԪʮ꣬˵ʦɻɹ
ǰֽɵģһ˼ֵĶ
ˣʹˣʦذǻʦϥǰһТģð
ֻԼµʲôûˡ
ʦѲ˼䡭
ǵʱԼеҩԼ֮٣˼ǿԶʮ꣬ԪսʢΡ
ͷĪıһͷ¡̧ץ̳ӣʯ֮ϡ¾ɰ߲ľĬĬ˻˵ϻһЩҩݣʦ裬ԣ¶Ժ쳾еľƣ
ֽĿ¶ϲɫЦһץ˾̳ӣЦ쳾ζŨɵįпƱԹǬһ׾ƣͬ


608 Ĺ
˾˾ˣһֽɴʦĶ֮С
ٲ˾Ĺߵһɽ֮ϣԶççԲԣƣǰ滨ݣ̺ģɷǺÿŨ뵭ҩš˴ٲȻһ츣ء
ֻ˶֮һԸв졣ΪĿȴԵЩҲϵƿϻ֮ӭ滹ڷһߴĵ¯Զܸܵϵ뵡һԵϯϣϥһֲߡ뷢ҰףƵ͸źüţһ˫ԻǵӴº͵Ц⡣
λֽɵʦٲӣͬһѰߣȫûʿƣ뷲׼ͷбһϽ«һǸҪࡣǺЦţɫȺ͡
ǰ񲻸ҷϣһ˶һȥ
ǺǣȣϷûʧȥΨһĵӣʦͽɶǷһôأؾ񡭡
ٲӻͣĿдżο֪ԼͽܽιȴΪ֮еֿѲ޼ˡǰòüĿ峺ɫȻֹ䲻Ϊĳ
֮ǰĹȣһҪչأٲӶ䲻˽⣬ҪæžԼͽܣ˴˼䲢޽ʱ಻գ˫档
ֽһ˵¯Եϯϣ˵ʶȤţʱʹȡЦ䡣ٲǺЦ룬ȻԵУĬĬˣԼϽ«
Ժ󣬰ٲѯһ֪ԷֻɽһСɣЩ棬ȴǳ
״һʵʱֵ˵ǰѰлҪ˵ʦͽкøУٲɣдһʡ
ֽɿһʦתһ˵ǺǣҼүӿΪѣ˼ɣٲΪʦͽ˵ȴǼΪ⡣ԷϰΪΥ裬Цģ˵ʦֵܲش֮ˣ˵
ʵûʲôٲӿһ鳤룬˵ϷϲһΪһϡҩݣϷء֪ϻءԷв˵ҩݵĵط˵֪ĵرܽǸط棬Ϸȥ۽硣Ժɾ޷
ٲӵĻ˵꣬ʦͽԹעһ顣ЩҩݾǾУΨһֻкɾȥɾˣδɵһҩݡ
ҩݶһϲõ˵ζʲô֮£ȴֲܽʵ棬һֻЦЦ˵ǰһϻԷĲ죬תһһ򿪣˵ЩҩݽΪںʱãȴ޴֪ǰʶԨʹ˴ͽһ裬ȥһ⡭
ʮϻ֮УװɾҩڶʱŨ㡣ˣʦͽ˾ȲѡֽɵͺһЩæٲʧȥ˷ŵĳȣȻָǺЦ֥ǣ۲ݣѵǲݡҩݣֻڵ伮֮УǼݣ֮֮ΪҩݡЩѷǷƷҩҩܼ֮꣬Щɾеҩʵ֮ҡӡӣ
ϲ֮£ٲֲͬԽüɫ裬Цֽɺò״ЩҩŲ۹⣬ǰٸĪһعл
ǰʦͽһͬԵһˣЩҩΪˮ޳Ī⣬κΡ
ĵֲ࣬ɾҩãһ·ɱ˽ٲƻʵõ˲ٵĵرԼֶδǳϾרд˵´ʱЯȡһٲʦͽﾡðɣ
ЩϷġٲ˴ʱͯЦݣȴŵ顣
һͷ˵ǣ
ƣٲһ֮ȡӶϻһЦҲԱǼ侲ҿΪáЩҩƵĵҩͬһݣ⣬ϷҪרһ¯Ӥ
һδǰĻȴǽӤ˵ҩȴһ¯Ӥг㰡æллǰ
ٺ٣һԵֽɴϲ󣬺һתЦһһ˵֮⣬ʦɴӲ˹ۿԷ¶ӣֹءšһ˵ɼֵּ˼ҵ
ֽԼֵܣһȴ֪֮ԷϾԪӤʿͬǰ仹ǳӦеľ⣡ɷ仰зǰָܲʹȥһ
꣬һȻֻ֪ǵǣͷȴǸл
뵱꣬ΪʹԪ۴һΪ֮һԽջԪʦֵ밲ʹɽŵԳ׳󡣴ʱֽɽУ⡣ŻвͬĲ޶£
ٲڵĲģɷŵαɼһߡΨһĵͬڴ˵Ĺȵû䣬Ҳпԭһŵù˼ɽţֽ˵ϲּ
һӦ˰ٲ˵⡣Թۿ봧ĦԪӤڵĴʿλ˻ǵĸ֣˵ǧѷĻԵأ
٣ʦͽϣһδзֺĲ⡣һͬӵˣٲȻ統ʦ
ֽɵδȬӻ˿̵ĸߣٲ˴˸к˵ǴԼֵȥ￴һ㽫һ˶
ٲ˳ʾһԱ㡣˳˶æóЩװҩϻ˷ܵؽһһ򿪣

ǧĹȣڱ˿Ӧɽȵ徲ʵȻָһɽһʦڵǸ˵ɽ壬ΪϼɽɽﴦһϪΪڤطΪŨ
ɽƷţָֽԼɼưܷ붴żָи˵ֹȴǻˣ
Ŀɽȣһŵ˴ǸǸʺĺõط˵ŰٲǰԼѵΪͽѡΪΡ
¶һĨɫֽɸɴӳѷɽڽ¡һУ˵֪Ϊľ˶ķҪԪӤ޲ҪĹ⾰ſԸµʱڣҪԪӤڵΪڵԲҪΪȥ͸ԽͬʱҪǱе֮ʣ˭й˼ȥͽͽأ˵ˣϺĵôѰġ
˴ֽתЦóʦϲ㣡ڵҲһʦܣԺĹȱ㽻ˣٳһ飬Σ
һЦֽɲΪ˵Ժ˵٣һ̡
һ˵ͷ˵޷Է£˵ʦҩ֮Уơ쵤ġƲΡ䲻֪ɷҩݴ棬ȴҾʹ˵鰡ʶ
ֹֽסΣ˵ұҪһˣ²ܻתʦõôҩҪרϾˡ⡭ΪտһĹȣ
һֻдǣһ˶Է֮ȻʱٲҪϼµĹ򡭡ͣ˵ЩС£ҳݣ˴Ǿ޵ĺڡ
ŵôԣֽɺǺһ֣漴뵽ʲôæ˵ֵڴ˴ٺòѰһ֮أ
ǰУֽɷ˵ڤŨȴǻķ˶꣬ʵϧˡ
Ũһķ˶ꣿһͷһ


609 ֮
һɸߵʯɽǱһ£ѿһ϶潧ˮģܲľʢŨ˴Ϊڤ
ˮһ̶ˮߣһķѾõĶ˼ǧ֮ڴʱ߳Ӱ
һĻۣ仹˩ŸС«ҵķϲ˫ü絶΢Ƶճǲ΢΢һģ˫ԣڶǰ´š
֮ǰֽɴһǧĹתһȦһ˴ķ⡣ַ˵ĴΣº߶Իȥˡ
﷽ԲһƬطһСֽɵĻ˵һСͳ֮λ罫һĹȵĹңڡжáΪסΪţ󡱵ĵǸɽʵЩ֮ܶڴֵڴ˴仧
һĲǼһɣֻΪѰһȵŴȲѣδûԼ뷨֪ϤӡߵıΪ֮󣬱˴ദѣʹı˳ԡ
ǸطϣĹȲһõֻ֮һеȵ֮˵١
ڶǰƬ̣һ˫Ųߡһ˸ߵѲݵסȥ·˦ǰʱֳһ߿СѭǰԶһʮɴС̶
̶ˮ޲ī߷£󣬼Ũ̧ȥ̶ľͷڤ½̶ˮֱϰɣһ졣
ţһʶˮ̶ʮɣϪͨȥﲻͷ˼£˼ƬĲݴУһݷķԷݡ֮һɫĹâӰһ
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ֱǧһһ͡޴֮ʯʯظ֮С꣬ı֮ҵ𶯴ӿһ漴˼ֵĺ档
°ɴȻһɳĻɫֱײŭӡ⻹ʮֻߴСľЫڸԶ궯¶
˼飡һҡҡͷĵ¾ȻôһЩ棬׶쳣ŲʿơҪסԼȥ·
ײеı֮⣬ֶ̰һȺ˾һ䲻мᣬϵȻ³ȥ
ʿ̫ǿʹȺԵﾪһŤͷӴܡ
ת˲䣬һ¶ȥɣٴΪ޴ʯͷסȥ·ʯ糱ˮӿԡУʹֹ̩סΣ¶Цݣ
ͬһʮ﷽Բɽ壬ڵµһǧɵڤ
һϤĹȵĴ֮󣬱㽫߶ڤΪ˾֮ءԴˣֽ޲Ӧʡ˿ƬطŨԼƧ֮⣬ŵص
ſ³˽һ
ʶоĬһŴԸĻ۰Ŵ˯Ī鷳
һδ𻰣Ѳܵߺһ˵Сδʶ֮ףСˣͷ˵仰δ䣬âһת˲ûǰʯвӰ
״һ룬ǰҡҡͷŰԼĴæɴӦǺѰġɽǰڣǱ޹ӿɾû˰
Ĺȵֽͬ˵һ²˴ֹһ
Ȼڤǻ߶꣬ȴһʹõȻˣЩʲôֻҪĸ֮꣬ǻԭġ
ԭشһһδк쳣һʯڣִ˳϶Ʒʯ
˴ʮ㣬ΪξƶɣеĲʯ⵹Ǹչĺڣ
мƽһһʯʶʹȻ֮⣬ȺЫδԶȥٽĵطشţһģ
ɣǧ飡棬Ҳ

գֽδ飬ɽԶȥˡ
Ĺ֮Уֻʣ˰ٲһˡǼʯ֮У뵣ҩ˱ǣ¯ڡ
¯ߴСһ߿šŰٲ־һӤ¯УʱǣǶ󷨣ͭɫ¯̱Ϻ漴ɽ
ٲ˲Ųæһ㣬εĽƶʱס˵¯Ϊ֮
Ϸһ¯Ԫ֣̣ЩϡҩǺǣٲݳһԵһЦԭһ˵ģһɲ˫ԣɷΪ֮һ䡣
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һԵԲİȴϾרޣֶδӣ
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¯ڵȿ۽ҵ¯ΪʶأƣֻǽЩҩݻɷڵҩɼʱĻǡô
̵ͬʱٲһչʾ־һ˵ұΪԪԪԪΪڣޣԪ˫ޣΪԪⵤưָ֮ջΪԪֵΪ֮֡ţԿ֤õ
ʱĵ¯ڣȥߴݼ֮ҩӨ
һһ˵ţٲٴδ¯ͶһƷʯ¯ڶʱɳϸСĻʱһٿȻҩΪһ塣
Űٲһķҩһߣνɡ¯ڵĻأԲͣϢһϸСö塣
Ϊٲ˷ϣиֽƷ¯СֻöӨ׵ĵɿתţԲ󡭡
ǺǣһöССĵҩؾɡ仯ΪһͳУ֣컯ʿ֮ĽᵤǺ¡ɴ˿ɼ졢ء֮ڣա
˵Դ̣ʵѵðһǱᡣٲ˵˴ɺʵ𵤻ӤһΣɷͽ̡


610 չ
һʣͷϵİٲһ漴ǺǳЦһ˵ĳνϷҲãҿָһ㣬ֻ¯ϸСĻͻȻһֻȻѸöεĵҩ
ƿź򡭡Űٲ˵һкһ׳һƿ˵¯Աߡֻáһ΢ը죬¯ǳ𣬼̶ߵϸӫԾڶʱ磬ӿ
ٲԼ΢ЦһָһУöҩҷ鶯ĹâƿСδɣת˶Է
һľֹأʹðٲ˰ӹƿ֮󣬵һҩϣϸϸָͷСĵҩӨ׶Բ滹һ㵭ĹΡ
⡮ԪƷ൹Ҳ㷽ʡٲ˽һĻͷ˵´˵󣬵廯ΪޣҩڣʹеĽ𵤸Բһھأսʮ³̥ԪӤ
˰ٲ˵һͽ̣һԽӤ˸һ֪
𵤺ԲʱеĽ𵤽Ϊ̥ΣֱΡʮ»̥һ䣬ֱʱʿ޵ޣΪѪԪ֮壬ԪӤ
㷽ƣ⡮ԪССĻԺӤʱõϡǺǣƿӸһ֮󣬰ٲЪϢϽ«һ£һˮעſ롣
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ʱİٲˣȫޣֳǸߵģº͸ųߵĶغȺ͡һϽ«ù˵ĴʧΪӶƽ͡ǺǣϽ«ӣϷ׵ʱ򡭡һ٣˵Ϸ򳢳ľƣΣ
֮һЦţʾ⡣δԷƣСɵϽ«һˮٴαڡ
Ұ£ζٲ˵˵ͷ˵Է׼ҾƣԹѵǣȴлԭҰһ봿⡭һüɷְָ˵ƣƷƷȴв֮еĸվ֮ȴֳңһ
ŨİٲˣζϵСɺ«˵δƣֻװƣ񲻿ϧˣϷһΡ

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ڤǼ䶴ǰʯʯʡٽˮ̶ߵĿյϣһ˶ʯ֮⣬һµȴȻԵõӰ
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ӵеҪ壬ҩݵķּ¯Լʶ־ʩչļԦٲ˽һһָ㣬ʹһ˵֮żеҵļ
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һ˵ҩ˱չص˼Ωн𵤵ΪڣֱԲȥԽӤ
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էһһеĺ«ԭȵģϸ֮£ɵĺ«ĹâΪ졣˵ֻвͬǬ죬˴ģ
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̧߽ϥ£һ˼ƿҩǰǹҪչأֱ𵤺ڡ


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ӳԶţºˣʮλΪɢޡЩĵһԣȥԼĶЪϢ
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ϵͽݴһˣʵ簡˶۵۹Уȫվڶµɽϣżü۵ɢѵλƯ⣬¶ޣܾ衣ʦ汯ˣȵļ仰δ˵꣬ԶЦؿ޻ʦֵĺÿڲšǼɢ޶ʱ˾ͷźЦ
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⻰ôôŤأȫδ׹ŵϺº͵ЦݣǼλɢе˵֮ν֣ӻֵԼļң˴಻£иͬͬܵʱ򲢼ϡ
һ˼λɢ޵һ˷µҵλʦֵķԸиͬͬ
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ӲŻؼδ˶쳣Ҫŭͷȴ͵һת߾ԪӤڡʱ˵ĸ֣ûаţԪӤڵļһԶѽƬĵطΧ
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Ǻǣ㣡ҵϣ顭һԣһĲΪȻ
ֻ꣬³һѽ˵ϣֽȫץ編ơδֱΪߵߡ
״Ӱһ
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ⶼһЩʲôˣԲѣڻԡ
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ЩH֮ͷԸġ˵ʲôаԣԸ
˼֮³ŵͷЦһ˵ȥᰳѰһ
һ漴ַ¶ϲ״ǺЦѽ֮ãܰ漸λңʱʱָ㣬һԵһ˦תֵȺһиϷȥҲ
䣬ӺȲ˳һ𣬻ţһĲ㡭


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ڤˮţڲ֪Уֹȥ¡ɽȵģȻ
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ʵţ漴ίŤ¡Щʣʾһ֮󣬻ɢȥΣٿȻûһڣʧ֮С
һܣֱͫ͸ʯڣο˸ĳâȥ£¶οɫ
ʱ˺ͣ𵤺ںһ͡⼸꾭֣һѾ
ÿԼ밲жգͷܻĪĽʹ˲òȿ񱼡ڴĵʱˣ˾֮󣬸ˡ㲻Ϊ˰ĺɾһԪӤʿĵطͬʹ˲зֺͣЪ˵Щڵĸˡ
ˣôǰһ·ȥɣǽҿܷͣأ
ÿһΪΪһֵϲȴһ˲Ž𵤴ɡԲԪӤֱڣС֮ܶ쳤ԶһǼͷˡ
ΪԼʶӦɴǧ֮˰ɣһһʶ˶ѭĹȾ⿴ȥֻƬ̣üͷԸв졣³߳˶
һ󣬲ڶǰʱǿʶɨˣתȥü˫üڿնֱٲ˵ϼɽȥ

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û飬ٲ˲ٿ¯ÿжĥҩҩԣԵ֡˾ٲ޿Ĺȵ˼ʹһ԰ľޡ
ֽɳδ飬ТĿɼΰٲ˲빼˵ӵһƬ⣬ÿڶп˼ڤš쵤ĵѰҩ֮⣬Ѱٻ;
ֵȥʱڣһĹȵꡣǸļĵطٲ˵ĶǰǼ͵ľֻݱ̴䣬硣
գٲ˲һų룬һֻһö򣬸鿴ĴҩݡһĹתתȴԭҡҡͷ
Ĺûʲôɽ󣬿಻Ҵġʶеǧ֮⣬ȻðĸԪӤʿ⼸Ȼ˰ٲ˵Ĵڣȴ޶ãк಻򣬳ֱ룬ԵΪ
ٲϰ徲ϲ˴ţ˵Ǽ·İˣƬطȴǼλǰ֮⣬ԪӤڵĴʿͬ˾Ĵڣɱ˵أ
в죬ٲ˻ڶǰšǰĹȥ֮ʣȴǱ˴˼ɢǶڵϼɽγΧ֮ơ
״ٲ˲ɫ
꣬˷ǰ̤նǰһ˴ż棬ԪӤڵΪһȴ⣬һ޿κΡ
λѲ룬ΧסϼɽΪٲȻ˵лöڶǰ·һλũҵ˶Իмֺ쳣
Ĺȵİٲӣͬ걳ȥݣ൲סʶĿš䣬δ˷ȻԷͬΪԪӤڵΪ
ٲףߣ˵ǱˣλԺδĪ֮ĵطԷδ˵ԶȴǹЦ¿ǱˣɽҲٲݵ֡
³ˣһ֮󣬻ѰĹȡ䣬Ӳ޳ľֹԷã˴ǻѡ֮⣬ǸҪѰҵһڣΪԼʶ˲ں޲ѡ
³ǳ׼ҪЮΪʣԷݡʺ޾ԣеװɵٲ˵ʻʱ˲ʶôð˳˵ķϻ
ͷһۣԷ޹ػԴסһѵ⡣ʱٲȴǻȻӡţǡ
ȴͻȻЦδŵĴѴݡ۽һƳ³ɱæһת˵ʵµһǷ˼ҵʯȴ˸ûӰ±ծˣǺãΪֻۣöͽͽ׼ᣬȴѰáֿ֪ɷҡ
ԣٲ˴ӽЦݣֵ³벻
³ƺһĬİٲ˵˵Ĳ뽻һ˴˺
˽ԼֲϵҽɱڵӣⲻơʲôծţѰˡǸһǴ֮ˣһԪӤڵĸأֻԪӤڵΪĪв֡
뵽˴ٲӵͷϵ򡣽֮תǰĻݲݣ˵λѲ룬м죬ֲϵʵ⣬ʹҰٲû˵£λذɡ
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һ٣³ŵĹѰˣȻٲӣܲˣ˵һ䡣Ȼ֮£мֵʤ㣿ԷΪɭЦ˵ӳԶţԸܰȻŻ
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Ĺ˶㣬ǧ徲ȴ꣡Ī˵һԪӤԪӤڣĻǰΣҰٲڣһƴĪǰ˺
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ϥȻۣһޱ˵ĳݵ½ߣȴٳԶΣ˼Σףѡ
һȻͷǰͷҲص˵ֵлңףĳ˲˵Ƭָƣٳڴ˶µεҲ֪һ
ں϶һ߶һ䣬ǰףʵкβ𣿡ҡҡͷ˵ǰӵöϣֻǱһСƬĺ򣬵ܾʹ˶϶Ҫȥĵطأݴδ뺣ΪĻƧѰǰĺͼ϶δбע
ףĬ£תɫȻ͸Ų졣䶢һ˵δ뺣ǼΪĻƧѰȴ֮䣬֪ףĳ;˴ȻǵáֵѣŲףĳ𣿡
һΪҡҡͷЦֻͷһسδ˼ֵĺģףĪҪΪ˽黳
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һһףıӰתЦʾ⣬µشŻӣ˼ص˵ͷ


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˵Сۣͣطһ֮ǰһƬϣĴС졣
ףǰڸѰšһʱָ֮ŷһʮ﷽Բĺϡ
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ҵĺڷסһ˫ۡӭҡҡͷתżֺšʶ֮УףǼʯɽǻ
һɫӰԽߣ֮һ˵˼ֵҰԣ˱Ƕһͬʱ⵽˻ӣŮӵŤţԾţǶ˼δģʹһ
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һǵЦ£ԭ˼漴üͷ㾹ڷƲȥղܡɻ֮ʱյһ˵ףǰԲ˴ĵͼмΪһ£㣬뿴
أףǰһͬǰ˭뵽δ뺣УЩĵ֮һȻֳֺͼããҵôһƬطʵסҿǸףǰϤ·
ǰҪҪ򡭡ܵһǰĵĳУŮüĿ͸ˮ飬Եˡ
ԶĶһǰĻ޶ԡҡͷԷһЦΪȻ顣
ǰеˣΪСŮӶָ㡭
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ΪͬأһһЦʵ
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ŵùˡһֵ
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ͬΪȵģעȴͬߵ̾ʯ˵ļӲ֪ʱܽȥ
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һδᣬǻ׿Ůӣҡҡͷ˳ֵʱǰŶ֣˵֪֪ף
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˫һչһ߳֡
ǡôĸͷڳļ׹һһݣ˫͵ؽʯڡ
䡪һ죬ʯɽһĶУɽһɴСĻڡŵʯѵȻ޴棬еĽ֧飬ȴûеĶ֡
һΣֽȥʯмϾس˫֣תˣ˼ͷʾǰæˣڣ
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鿴ǸһɶĴʯӣֻɤЩɡһ֮ԼֵܵȻܡ
λǰ֣˵ءԶĻӣճնһıӰˮһĲš
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Ƭ֮󣬵ǸɴСĶгǰʱ졣ܣľ棬ӵãףԹŹֵЦݣԼһǵǣʹδ뺣ĵϣ˼Īı
ڲʮɵ沢޺ˮֻһɽĳڡʶУһ
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ź⽥͸ܣףڵ֮һɫ΢䡣˵ɷֵܵħȴ޴мܡת˵벻˵ĶϤԡ
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üһһ϶ڵĹɷ졣־ƶС컷תγһɫ磬Ϯħ˳ȥ
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һʵⲻ޵𣿡
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ʱ֮һɽľͷ˴ʪһˮиΪŨħӵ¹ཹðɭȻɲֹס˽ŲҴţֻеаųâƵ쳣
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ħǡһųſڱ˻ȥ˵ħɾ£ʣڴ˴飬ĲǼ
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СӣôϻŪǲǣ
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һﾫһȻӿ죬һ̣ԭǼǰδ̽飬ףȥĶǰͣ٣סһ·q˱ӡ̧óһѷɽǰһ죬˳𣬺ɶ롣

неһɽ˭벻Ƭ̵ĹףȻ׷ˣ˵ɽ޷֡ǰԸ⣬ȴУнԶнʱֻ֮Ѫأ˵ǰһѨ
СĵԵʣ黹ףʮԶʹɽסңǰߵĺ׺Сɽľͷ⴦Ѩʱ˸ͣ˽Ų
Ѩ塢ɴСܵʯϵǶөʯ龰ɼʱĶһߵʯţ沼˽ƣΪƣĹ졣ףʯԶվͷкͬ顣ڶڴǰȻĹˡ
ѪڣѨУǰ߲ĺɫɢŨصѪֱţʹ龪²ѪٽʯŴмѪΪɫڵʱղ̫Զ˵֮ǰ
Ǻǣʯŵı󣬱Ƕڣв鰡ףһľϲ״Ц˼תʵѣιֹǰ
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˷֮ǰףȫƽΪţڴ֮ʯŵĽ˵̣ȴԶ٣˵ǿе֣
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һҵ֮УǶӺݺ뵽ʯ֮УƲȥĺͻȻ
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ףһкԮ֣һ߼æ־ġɷǶʯУһʱǽƵĺᡭ
ѣȻһ񡭡ףĺδֹ˾ݲ롣æǰʯǰԶͬʱߵķɽȫǰȥ
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۹⵽ͷһʯϵǸɷѲӰǡ֮ʣֻɱȻ𡣲á
顪һ죬Ļѣűڼ׺Ȼ飬Ǹûġɷ뵽ĺ֮Сɶףǽ𵤺ڵΪȻ͵Ϯֵܵ
׹ΪʱֻǲҺһ㱻֮ʱ˾Գܵػʹʹ㣬͵ǰȥ
ͬʱףȴ˼𺣬ӴѪĺ⣬һͷ˵ʯϵĽ֮С
ֻɲǣСʯźŤں֮УȻһͷĹޡ˫ĿƣӫģѪУɭȻȻֱֻ۴׳Ÿһëһӽܵץס
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ʱһԵףɫ԰ף۽ǽס鴤ţɫֳ˼ֵļɵ
Ƭ֮ʬʧˣֻһǬһѷɽһ̲Ѫˮ˳ŵʡͷ˸˫۴³ëţſѪʾһֱسһʯš
״ףŵĵɴ۾ʧ˵ʮʿΪѪʳȥƴʯΣĪƭҡ
⣬ףɫԹź룬⣬ҿǸСӣʡȴ˲ٵ鷳ӼתסԭŲӣżƽϡ
ǶڲףȴͻȻվϲ̧ͷֻǺɢһ΢ıУʯŻʧ
ֻתۼ䣬ףǸɱƵЦסˡǰʯʧˣԶһʯֳˡе봦һʯ̵ͷ­Ѫڣһ緽ѪĹޡ
ףɫѿðһʯţĪǣҪȥѰʮʿƽѪʳܻһǴթĪĺ
鼱֮£ףԷݣȴæȥ𵤺ڵƣתȥ


620 Ҳɱ
Ůߵɽڰۣȴû߶Զ㵽˾ͷ
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ںڵɽӵϼֺɫȴ°ȻģתȥһЦΪ˵һ˵ɽѣֺյأǵģҶ˲ȥѰλǰ
ɽʲôûУ֪ûջ뵽˴ȥ˵常ףǰǴ³֮Ӧ޴󰭡ҲȥѰǰ
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ף˵ʲôӺ޹رԹһһ˿׷ȥ˵λǰʤᣬȤѽ㣬˵ǲǡ
ӣֻǡƽ޹ʵ˵Щ桭ĺûԣֻԼٿĪ磬ɴ಻ӦӱӦʴϻ֮ˣȴż¶֮ʱƽϡ
˵Ц֮䣬˱صʱĵطӾڵǸڣ׽ЦȥѰǰɣĪҪýΪˣ
εҡҡͷֻø˹ȥԷԽԽ죬ʲôæãСЩ
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ŨصѪУɫ΢䡣͵ͣΣڶڴפ㣬ٲǰ벽ɻȴǻȻһѨĵ룬绨Ц̣ڴʱ˵أԹ죡

Ůӵĵδף⡣۹˻ӵϣɫЩ
ףǰ˿ѽӻɣȴǶ˼ֵ٩ζתʯţϲⷨӹȻá
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뵽常°㣬ף̡Լãͬأɷ˵̫Σʹͷ
תǸȻһЦɫȴ˲йĮȻʻᣬǴһǴͷʯţظ£ף˵ʮĹ򣬲Ŵʦŵ伮ѰӡҪƿħʮλʿѪΪѪʳ׼ʯƣɼ֮ǰϷѽ
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ףһֳͣŭɫ£Ǻ޺ˡɷ
ȻһЦ˵˵ħΪħᣬѪʳ׼֮󣬻Դ֮Ѫȥһħɷɴ򿪶ʯšϵͷħɷڡ
֮Ѫǡףʵٴδ𻨳˭϶Էɫһȴǿŭ˿һʾɱ˼ҵ常Ҫи˶ϲźѽ
ףǰһת˶ڴɱĶ
ʱ񣬻ʧɫӽסҡ¡˵Ļк޼ɵѽԼǳԡɱ常㣬ҪѪƿơ벻Ѳ⺣ˮգɺޣԼȻЫĳĻá
Σ֮УУתӡɲһѽűڿյ˻ȥһӺݺˤ˵Ѩĵ롣
ֺŭ񣬼֮£һѪ˳ȥȴǻȹѪδر㱻𣬾Էʯϵ޿֮С
ףڽҪֵһɲǣѱܡ˵ʯ˲䣬δкζŮĪΪ˲ʯţǽòŮӣȻ
ǿǽѪϣĪҪ̣˲źá˵ЦУǸ֮һŭ۹⣬Ǵżֺ濴ʯš
Ѫڣʯϵͷ䶯ſĴϣɵӣĿġʯŲδʹ˴򿪡
ӽݰۡҪԻ׼ƿһˡзһĨ⣬ףߴٵǶְɣ
һֱף֪ӵ򵥣ȴΪŮԼƿءʱͷԷĻвյľ⣬Ƕ˼ֵָʹ䲻ɷʵΪβԶ֣
ףʹûȻüת̴ڰšɫȴǴ޾ʣʹ˲档
ףͷһңæֵ˵ɱʮˡ
̿סӣȻеĻͻȻһЦ֦Ҳףɫһŭ޹ȡЦʲô
ҲɱˣЦһգֻصδѵӣ˵ɱ֮٣ΥģΪѽ
㲻ɱˣȴһֱƻɱˣʲôף˵ִųӣ˵ɱôˣηٶһأûɱˣĪҪһСŮӣɺã
áӣ˺ңίڵص߶
ףڳɣһʱϾͷӱתεӣ̾һһأ
޳ܡסΪʿһõŮŪڹ֮УǰҪ˵裬ֻоھ١䳤£ȥˮﾡŭҽãΣȴ
δ˵꣬ɫ΢֮УֵƷס˶Էתף˵ĪҪ飬Ǹһ˷˵ţ侹ǳճһЦȻ
ףͷһȴֽס˸ս˭뵽ôһòŮӣ˵ĺּ黫쳣أת£ЦСȥɽΪħ֣һʱ̣˴ѲΪǡ
һ£ףŵŮӣɵðҡͷ˵λĪҪףĳ飬ֻλ尡
ף톪¸û꣬Բ͡Ҫٴγߴ٣ȴһ䣬ʧ˾ڴ˴Сġ


621 
ڳһɲǣȹ伱ӣͬһ㣬ѽǰ󻤵ʵʵףæˣɷСķ
Ψ°㣬ȴ״𡣵ϵڿշ˵ѨĳڣԭðһӰȻУһ˿졣
һǱ뼫ΪأȻѣٽʱ㱻ӷ֣ʵЩ⡣룬Ҿ
䲻֮£ͬһĴ㵡ðǰֻΪ˲ɣ
һ۹ֱһץǽΪͣδȥ
ʱѶһͼⲨһֳЦ⡣ףɫò
һǣ͵˫֣һǽϵĽͬʱ顣
״һ֪Լ١Ƶ˵˫˴ĪǣΪ
ίŮ֮æһ󡣷ߺ֮УȦһ죬ŭкʣ˵ǰ˵御ɥıɱ常Ҫҡ
ŵѨеĶһ԰ο˳ɡֳϵɱ𡣲񱯷ַ֣Ըһ𵤺ڣһԪӤڣԻȫȥ
ף۹ⲻѽһӾ¶Ц⡣˱ضΪȴѱǳ벻ԼȻۡ
ףͫһƳһһִżɵɫŻӡȻЫŮӡ
ʱ˿̣ķߺѾ˾ףԼǸԼƵĻӣԼǸʲôĶ֡
Ůӻں֮࣬װ⡣ְֻܰţǴһ⣬˵ǰ˶أ񲻸ˡ
㣬ĪҪ߰ҪߣͻȻǵػһ
һ֮ʣһȴüһе͵ֻá顱һ죬һˮһСɷɽɻػӵߡ漴һ˵ĪҪᣬȥ
ҧ촽񰵰㡣׿ǰȻıӰ飬æҴȥ
͵ϮûеóѣӰŭǸһȴŶڣһ򵱹ĪļƣҪˡָᵯǰѷɽһˮ㣬ɿתĺѨ
ӵüɷͶɢźƣﻹǸδѵСǡףƭҡ㲻ͬΪ؆£Ҫץ񡭡
һٲ׾𵤺ڵȻУӶ˻֮ʣſ³һ⡣ǽֻһٿȻʧȴ޾ɱʱףΧ
ףȥͷĲ¼ɣɷϮһŮĪ⣬ȴ˵Ĳʱڧʱһ¶⡣߶֣ת˲ͷһǰ˸ѷɽźȻ޴ڣʹӦԡ
顪һ£ףġɷԳƽǱɱѴǰҷʧɫ
ͬʱԸΪĶ֣һԪӤڵΪһ˵⻹ͷһءġ콣סףһɲǣ־ʢ͵˻ӡ
ֻá䡪һ죬ǰСɵķɽһӱҷ˳ȥ۵ؽһҵĵˮδֹһѵͷ
Ѩĵط󣬶Ծִ١Լķɽ裬ӵ֮һϡһΪ಻ף£ֻǸ𵤺ڵΪѣ˵ʤΪʤֶεĻٳʤڸһȵǣȴȻƴ޿κΣ
鼱֮У޴ܡſ³һڶԲ飬ڼ䲻ݻ֮ȻըǽһڶӲĶƵǰ
䡪
һѨʯϵʯмֱ䡣ݺڶ֮͵طһ˫һ顣ƲΪδֺĳɣתڽ翹ף
ӵɫ죬ȻѡһʿȻʹԼ˵æң̫˼һȻ֮ˣƴɱԼɲǳ˿𣡼ԷԻ˶ڣȴһҺæл׿ȥסԲ
һѷɽпӦķɽϮףæңΪǱеķǿ֧ţδһƴɽѹһ㵽˸ǰһңôʹн͸ű¡
ףĲҽ𣬱ǡˡһ£ҽ֮ʣһ˰ӣһģѪˤ˵ϡ
ˮһɱף֮һץףķǬӶٴ򻨳ӣͻȻεɱϮâһʱһɫ缱ȥĽһƬһ٣һᣬ俴Ǹ͵Ϯ֮ˡ
ѨεٿȻʧΨǵˮһĽ⻷ڻӵǰݡŮӵɫоʧ䣬ȹһֻŷŵԲ飬أԵתͣ鶯쳣Ŀһ¶ӣε̾һ˵˭ܸңɱѽ
ɷ磿
Բ鲢İһ۹һʧ˵һ䡣ǸħɷķŮĪħޣ仰ųڣϵȥˮһЦתó
һɱȻӲΪ¶ǰĴģԹ˵ⷨġ磬ѱɻѽÿ˶һģ𣿡Է־ΪȻ˵˴һͨǧʦ֪أѽⶴ𣿡
ӣƭףΪɱˣƭֶһ˵
ӰһۣԹǲƭǵΪʿ˳أҡ޹ֵˣȻԸ֣ȥ׷㡭ת֮ʣһ˹ȥߡ
䡪
ײԲһУһ˼ԶվΣ˫üǽɷ硱ǡġͬΪħвСķǷ
ӺһĿһԹһӣĶһŮɱأҲߡ
ٰ̬Ůӣһ˵һŮΪӣҵֻǷֱ
ߣһ۸ˣҺ㣡ðȥѰҪŶˡġǳһ˸תʧ˶ڴ
Ůӻǿɶӳħƣһ̧ץ˽ǰһָȴڶɲǻ׿ȥֻʯŻ򿪣һĶڣкǵĺɢ
ǻףɷѿѰĶԳɣһǴ˺ͷٵ飬нâ˽һǰĶںɶȥ
ת˲Ǿ״һãϷӵЦѽδ߳ǧԶ᲻ء
һüͷһݣʮĶڡУŷɫȹŮٷЦӯӯδԶȥغʲô
״һɫһɲϣͻйâűϤЦ𡭡


622 
âɲǣһ֪мƣ̤ݣȴǡ顱һײһ֮ϣ˻˫üתֳȥݺݻӶϵĽ𽣣ǰ
顱һ죬âŤ֮УĹƾգŨصĺȻ˲˶ڵƬطʯɽεգһʧӰ١
ħӿһ黤ס£ͷȥѰŵĶڣȴͬΪա˿̣֮С
ڴ˲ٳ󷨣԰л£Ͻһ־⣬Ц󷨱Ϊףŵģȴϣʵѽ
Ȼ䣬һŮΪǿǹˣթֶζ䣬ʹӦԲԼĶֺ֣йһأ
һǺͻȻһ䱸£ڣǰԶ漴һɵĹСһӣֳһ೤Ĵִ׶س˹̻¶Ƥë壬ƺˡ
һüֱһ񣬽ĽⱩǡ˫ֺգһ磬Ȼһ⡣
䡪
δ£ŴѪȵƣ㱻Σǻһɢȥ
һ֣һ˫δأӿֳġһģһĹЩħĹÿһŲڽ𵤳ڵΪѪӣ߾ٴɱڡ
һڣһٽһͷٴնɱһʱŲմأȥ磬ǡ䡢䡱ļ¡һƬҫ۵ĽУȻɨһ壬Ĺﲻӿ֣ʹɱʤɱ⣬ϤЦԶԵ볰
һʱ岻ȥһüͷЩ׳죬һ֮ˡͫ⿴ȥ
üĿȻӣڲԶһʯϡеһĿȻһͻȻͣ£һ˫ŮӲһæּһ־ħĹﾡΪ裬һɱħȤѽôˣұأ
һװɵҪΪôһĵŮʩչֶͬʵѰмܡһҡҡͷʵΪβȥ׷񣿡ΪŮֻƱ˭СһƲίԵʣڱռݣ˼޷ʯţɱ޲ѽһ
еħһʱκβһ԰֣ڴʯϥЦ˵Ҷ˲ΣǶ֮أҸȡ裬Ǻһ׮𡭡
һĴǹһĨЦת𻨳µ֮ͫ£ڵѸɺԵˮУ˲ٳ֣ſԽǿƳ
ⶴʦһչ֮أ治иַţѰͨ;ķӡӶһĮƽϣѭѭյ˶֮أŹУֻѰʦµһɣΪѽҿǳʮŶ
һԹưٳĻӲᣬȴǰ˼ŮĻĶԼʱ޷
ףƷвˣδ뺣һŮӱв졣֮£ұԼ⣬ָ˶ڡ޷ƳʯŵĽƣŴӦ֡ҪѰʮʿΪƽѪʳʵס㣬ֺȥĹŴչ
ӻ˴ϥ̸һ㡣˵ûƭһŶԼðġף±˺ô֮۹⣬ıӻӵһ԰Ȥء
һƬʮɴСĵطһΣݡϥͷȻŮ˵
ƽʱѪʳԳЦţ˵ף˱ˣ˭Ϊƭأ㣬ͬǸʵˡ
һʼĬӼΪĵ˵ΪƭûаһŮӣܲ˴ɱɱΩо֮Щӱƴǣɲ𡭡
ƾſ֮ʹʮλʿڴˡһ֮һͻȻʵԺźɣ
ʻ󷨴˳еĻӺƱˣһһ֮Цұ˵ֻ𣿡
˵˵㣬Ųҡһһ䡣
Ӷڴʯ֮ϣκ紵޷̧ɵ°ͣƳһеһ̹Ȼ֮ģŮӲΪȻؽһЦ䣬۹Լֻ֮ϡ
ֻĦ£ӵһ˿ȻƬ֮ûɵطһ̾תǱ̺졣
꣬˵Ӳ󷨣ұ˵кηһڷۺɫȹУŽ˵ݵš
һ˫Ŀ΢أʶȴܵһСɫһŻڸĴţŮӵͷСʵħޣλɢˣʦ
δ𻰣ЦһȴǶ˼ְζ˵ħ޼ħްкβء˵ʦŵʦݵһˣ˵ľŴ֮һҡûʦ
ᵽʦһ˵˼ֺ⡣ֻħ޼˵ʹһΪĲ졣
ʯŵı󣬱ɢ˵Ķ֮ǰ˵Ǻ⣿Īǣһֻһڣ˻ӵһļƽϣһ֮󣬼˵ƳħҪʮ׼ⷨʵ֮˲ݡ
һеһ޶ԡЦͲ󣬵ȴǲСָݵšЩ֪ͬѽ
ʱʱ֣쾡ΪϼȾԶһƬ쵡һϼ⣬Ե޶ˡ
ӳԶĬĬתеһЩε˵ǰ˵ǻԣʦǱʦѽⶴѴǧ֮ãݴ
ʾֳһЦʣ˴ֵĳѽԷȻΪΪؽ˵Ҿݾڣɾ֪ɻһɾΪ֪
˴˹ӡȴأԲӣɶü΢һ˵ݴںɾУλʦùɾ䣬ڵΣӡϡ
һǲɫͷȴȻѡµǬеõٵĶбɾͼӵΪ˲Ϊţⷬٲΰ롭
֮ʦڴ˴չأֱɵɾȥʹ˳ա˵Żסٴ
ѪӳûһƬڳҹ֮ʣŭһεĲá
ݵʿδ˷ɡΪϵĴڡΣĺⲻ׹ѽȻ֪յ³ҲʣҲԸ
ţԶĻ컺ȥнȼ
ߵĴʯϣŮڳϼһĨӰһ񣬳
֮Уһ̧ͷȥ
Ůת׻ίһ˵ҽ˶ֻ֮ѰйɾͼŵرҩţΪУΣ
ĺɫ֮УӸԿζˡ仰תУһŮӣȡֻΪ빲ʹ˲̡಻ܾܾ


623 
˭뵽ôһŮӣͬƭɱʮʿš˷оŮӱ˿ȴ쾭壡
֮գ˭ֻԸΪĵɣ
һ˷ŵһǸף죡ö˵Ůӣ˵ȥ󷨡
ǡ˶֮󣬵ӱǣֺιءһûӦʵ˼ӱԹ
ͬΪݽ棬ϷԻֺ֪ιʲˡһٴɫߵ˴עͬ·ˣ놪£
۸ˡŭһתѵеΪλۣ˼Ҫźѽ
ǺǣһЦһڵһʿȻ۸һԪӤʿǻ֮ΰɱ֣޲ض죡˵˵ָأ
ĺɫĳԾաԣϢļŵδ뺣ڴʱ˼컡
ӾţĬĬ󷨡µʯͷΪһ壬Ω˫ںţ͸Ρֻ˼˻ȥ󷨶Ȼɣһ뿪˴ֻö£ǲǴأ
˼ƽϣֵһʮɱ㣬Ի᳷ȥ󷨣ѽ
һһصĪ˵ʮգǰաǧΣҷȰһ䣬ʱȥδΪӡ
ףңµӣЦаȻһ־˵Ҿǲȥ󷨣׽
䡢䡢䡪ӻδ䣬һƬȵ
֮УΪ֣Ĺһ׺ݺȥٳ֮࿹һʱݣȴǲʤš
ЩΪħ֪ƣ룬ηһײж壬Ⱥɹһ㣬ֹ˺ҧšš
¹ʣϰϰ׵ҹɫ£δ뺣⴦СȴǺôĶ
ԭȵˮΪâǣвϵĺ¡¡졣һԵĴʯͷϣ°Ȼһ־һ߶ţ׽
˷ΧһֶεŮӣһüͷ
ûһһɱ˻֮󣬻ѳȥ˵Ƕ²ؼֺαСɶԷ֪µʯѴ򿪣Դգͷ
ɷĻͼĪǣΪǹɾͼ
һҵĻζһһóǬһġʱȹּĺʱΪ֮һ䵭Ƴǻӣ漴˫Ŀ΢ء
״Ӳʮָһâ־ͬө㻮ҹɫٿȻʮɴС֮Сʱ䣬Х䣬ЩħĸͷŴһȦӶŴִӿһ
㣬չȥ
һٵʱ򣬳֮£δ뺣һůůĽơſεϣֳһĨ⡣ǰǸɺˮе󷨣ͣ
ҹĿŰþֶΣӻδܶһֺѣֻЪϢһƽϡ˰ȻŮӲǼ¡һ𵤺ڵʿ˵ԶԸأûҶҪÿ
ȥ󷨣ѰߣȥʮĹ֪̽˴ڣȻˣŵ֪ͬǱʦϤ£һԼԵˡҾ
ӵţɫֳһ˿ִ֡ظ£ԹһĪҪ⣡ұգӣ˴˱ȥֱԪսһգߣѰͷ˭ܻ󡭡
ǳԶţӻǴƻõʹѱαһǴ仰˼ֵ쳣ŮӵУģ˲Ұԡ
ɣб±ڴ˴ϸꡭһ༥ʶ֮УͻȻЦһŮڴ˴СӵϹҲסˣ
һƤһֻᣬе˫ȴǰ
㡭˲ЪϢǷ糺죬ȻһֿһָеһŭҲŶٶ꣬ΪŽӤһˣң
ҲŰ꣬ҶԣʲôοɥĲѪԣʮһҲʱһͱ㲻ˣơЩȥˣ֮࣬졣ӣʵûԡ
һ绨СŮӣôһ̣ʵȤ֮ΪħŮСʧʱؿЦ
һ绨񣡸òŮӣƶ񲻷ˣһŮףûʲôһڶ˻ȥ˭ϻ̴ڰδһڣ㡭СӸȡЦΪ޵֮ˣִƶ֣֮񲻻ơ
ƶ֣֮ɥһŶһֹһЦ˵֮£ƶ񣿡
һͷһ㲻޵֮ˣʶһ㣡֮£ƶ֮֡˼֮ʣŭɶ㣬ˮȦֱΣӨΡӣݺݶˣһųһߺߵ˵һҲֻаͣ㡭ˣթ
Ųţ㣡ֻǵıƴˣթһأԷ༥ȴΣ˫͵𣬷ɿһֻɫĹâѸȥܵĺͬʱ͵ر˼Ȧֱ󷨡
Ӳ룬æٳơֻգ۵ĹߣЩħﾡԶԶȫû˳ǿĵط
һɶ񣡡ӽȴǲͣƾӳ֣ǲ󷨽֮ССֺá
Сʱ֮󣬻ӻԽһѹơֻܽҽȴʩչɱС
в㱻Է˿ӣգΪΡСס֮󣬳һݺݵӣ˵СӣҾǲ
һһƲ룬ǽĻȥ󷨣˼
ȴǴ֣ЦСӣôһСѾͷʵְ
ڴˣȻý⡭һҡҡͷ˵ŮӾȥֻҹζడ
һ˻˵ٻˣҵС㣡һȴ飬Ȼ˵벻ۿ˵ʱ򡭡
⻰űŤһһŮΪͻȻȥ
˵֮ʣٽ󷨵ǿʯͷϣû˻ӵӰ
һִδĶݷͬ档ŮӷŻǷ㵽׵ļƣôת۵Ĺ򣬱ôȥأ
֮Уһ̧ͷȥ


624 
ӲŽȥԶİйâէ֣
һȥͷһһֱĵǣջڴʱ˵ӦˡֻǹâƾðһӰǸԪӤڵļˡ
ԩ겻ɢΪҰ׷ɱ˭Źȥգ׷һεǣʱ󷨣ִк죿
ǺãһɵߵλˡȻƾԼı£Ӵѡ
ߺߵΪӣҪᣡǧƲĵΣ
ҪԺΪѰһϺõһ̽һ䣬ԷߣʹСʮĵһˣǵ죡֮ʣҳ֣˵ˣҪǽɴ˴ˣǶۡ

³׷ˣ֮ǰǸСϣڵļ޺˴֮˵˼գԸԳ׷ɽһ˵䡣
֮³β죬ܿϤһ˳ĶپˣںϽѰ˼գһ񣬲Ͻ;δ뺣˷֡ŮӼʩչжݷȥȴ󷨣һ۱еһ
ϲ³ת˲ƬȵصϷСһȻΣһĵЦ
Ǻǣ֮νʱҲҲŮӵǰϷĴæСӣջӲҵġ
֮Уһһ°ڣվŽüһϵļ˵϶ʾ֮⣬׷ɱҡ֮󣬱޳ߣΪ
³ɫһСӣĪһʱ֮죡ⲻҪϷİڲ󷨣г㡣
һΪ壬ǵǣ϶㶼ҵʵ⣬Щ֮ͽкʦţϡ
³һǣŭϷ˵Ŵ³֮Сӣõ˽ʱ𣬱ע˽յ³Ϸﲻ⡭ϻȻһȻȥ
ţ³𽣣ۡԷЩһͷȻѡ룬ֻӭ绯ʮɴСâУļµƺȻ¡

ը죬ضɽҡӲµ֧顣Ǿ޴ºƷһâʢٴγ
ɫһ䣬һӵ󷨾ȻѵһԼ֮࿹ȥֻǸΣԳ󣬱ǡ䡱һ졪
󷨳׻Ǭ֮ϡ֨֨󷨺Ѳظһͬ¶ƽδȥⲻҪƾΪ³ţյ³֪
Ҳ˵³Ϊˣֱѽɴʱţء
ۿǴɽһһ£һٲҳɣ̧һ̣ԭٿȻʧȥΡ
У³ôĥСӣȴԷͻȻȥ󷨣Ӵܵһһָһ㡣ʮɸߵȻһ⣬һӰ
һ붴бǰֱۣʱĵѨȥת˲֮䣬㵽ʯŴֻͣ٣ļµɱ㵽֮Ц𡪡
Сӣ־ܡ
䲻ݻһһܽʯš³һͷ˽ȥ
ڴɲǼ䣬䶸𣬡¡һħɢȥʯʧԭֻʣһʯڡδѨ͵ػζ£̮ȥ̶Ǻˮ롭

ʱ֮δ뺣ϵУð˻ӵӰѭźػѰ˼飬ֻԭСѲӰֻ¼ˮڵĽʯ
ѽӴڰУһȻ֮£ٴʶ̽飬ɰչԭĶڡѨԼʯţȻ޼Ѱ
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ħڣ֮У㶨֮أá
һӵ࣬ͬһֻҹݺһ㣬ٿȻʡ

СʧԼϵһ֪ӵһֻ֮ȥɱʯŵһ˲䣬غƱģﻹһڣǡ
ںһƬһһâֻǰһΣķХУһİ
Ƕһȥη
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ͷһһǰܡδʮԶͣתԷķɽֻɳʮԶ׹ȥأڵһֹ
״һһʱڲΪʶڣʩչΪ಻֪ʲôطʵ͸ŹŹ֣Ľмֵͬ³Σˡ
һ𽣴뻳УСֻʰ£³ǰ˼ǵķɽԾԾת۱ַ
϶Ϊ֮ǿԷǳɵ֮£һǰܣδδõоűȻȻʹգ۱Խǰǵɽڡ漴Ȼһ٣ĿȻ

СӸûӰڼ֮У³ٴʹɽɡɽûɶԶٴˤ˼Ѵеԭί
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´İڣ³Ȼѡʵ벻ԭԪӤڵΪֻʹһֶ˴ĽƵҲΣСӴʱ˶Ȳϣߣ
ǰɽڣ³ɫ䡣ʩչ׷˹ȥ

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ﻹͷϻֱһͷﰡ
Ƭ̣һХ쳹ɽڡƽؾһҰݾһҴ⣬æ֮ȥ
Ѫڣ߸Ծֱ׳Էܡ
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˵ش͸ŹŹ֣ԪӤڵΪֻͬڡ밢ֳΪҪԽʿĻ񡭡һ죬һʱ³ͬһĺȻȻ²⡭
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ҵĺӣǰ߻һײ˳ȥһµ侫ѹצӡѪĿġ˳ʰ˵ϵļ⵶ڴŴ˫ĿԲɱڡ
ǰ߻һëƤǽ岻ȴѪڣϻѪĴѣ¶צٵأԴ󷢡
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˵һɽȣһĥ˫յյʱǰĹȿͻȻӿһȺߴ׳ĺӣһֳּ⵶кű˹


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㣬³ӵǱ׷²ħǣǹЦţһϲּӡһӣһ޶飬Цúģ
ħȵĹȿڣһ֣
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³ƺһ׳ŷֽʱһϮһȴķɨԡ
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һ۸߸ϵ³һ˽ͷ漴ֲȻѣֻĳ֮УðһӰЩħĺӡΣ飬η壬һ߾ټ⵶ţԾţǷȣֱڶȥ
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Ѫ£һԳɵĶϱ۲ֱ֫ħǼӱȥ

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Ǻײħİ˼Űĺûɽҵĳ棬üͷصѵһȳޣгޡϣĪǡ˴ͻȻ뵽ʲôһۣ˴˵ɫ͸ǡ
ȥٿб䣡밢佻һ䣬ͻȻһڷ߸Ծڰգսףȵħ˳ɽ֣䲻ɵĺʱȥԶЩ˲ܣΪһʱ
֮ʣȭ˼ͷʯǣߣľɽһϺ󡭡亰δֹͻǰм˱ʮͷʯΧһͷȳֳ˹Σ̧ץһԲ


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һڣӶͷ赲ȴʯǲҺһһԣǡײǿĸӣһӿڵء
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ڰͣ˭ֵġֵȡЦԼԷӶ¼⵶˦ȥһѪ飬ֹס⣬ֻҵ̫
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ȺȻðһͷ߻ҵʲõӭȥڰβü⵶һѪ·
ʱĺɱʢļ˲Ϊ֮һ˳ɽֵĺòӡǰҽ˵㳷
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ֻת۵Ĺ򣬰߻ѵ˽ǰתȥⲻҪܵСʱˣĪ˵Υײȳޣ׶༪١
ΣȻ٣ҵûЦݡ˫ĿԲԡѪŵĺһʯһ㴣϶ַͷҲصغˣϺ󡭡
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ѪԽ˰һͷһȻпˣݵԭֵܡ
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ˣİСȴ·Ƿһ⡣ͷ˵ֵܣСӹȻʹá
ʱһѪɱѲǴǰǸʿ˵أѪɱħһԱ
ųʱһѽܵο˵һɱ˰߻Σδ⣬Ӵ˵֮ȥʯס·
һ˵һӰ㵽ǰһ͵ϮʯҷɣѴȥ
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ʰ˼⵶һԵһƾŶ˵Ѫ֮ѵסһͷݵηУǸ֮⡣ǸСˣͬȻ壬Ѻе
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׹٣ʹĿѣĺ³òɻļΡŰױ֮УʶóٶСӵӰȴ
Զ㹻Լʩչһ
³֮ʱȴһڴʱת硣ͷһ漴ɫһ䡣ֻâ˸֮Уʹ񲻶֮ʱСӵв֪ʱгһ׹⣬ٿȻ
һɶ³ſ³衣
ֻɲǣĿĹâ֮У䡱һ£³ķɽްҡһּ̧һ׹⣬˲ᣬæʹӳֻɾڴʱһ׽ٳ룬һ뷢ѣֹסһս
ʧ֮У³æסζ׺䶥³漴Сֽʼʩɵɬ͵Ϯ׷Ϊ壬֮ʱ޷˼ͷ׽٣ջҪԿ
˰£ôһأҪͽһΪȣͽκΣ
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ȥʱˮۣΪļѡ³صʱͦգ۱ȥԶԶΣ֮վת֮ʱСӵû׷ȴǰ˼Զٴϥ
״³ƤڣֹɿԼڵǱģֻǿŭҩ£Ѱ˿طϢ

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ܻ֮ˣ³죬಻ĶĴ󡣷һͨͷԼ²ӣɵú޺һڡ
ⶼǵڼˣÿٽʱ򣬱㱻Сҵ׷˻ͷ׻̫ǿǱ
񶼹ȥ£СӲȻǰ˰Զʹñ˴ԶҪ뽫ܻ񣬸ΪĲװ
ôһĪĵطǷݵĵؽδ֪˰ֹغȥߣѰ뿪žƽϣʦŶѰ֣Ǹá
˼˻³óһõۻϡͷһСӣתħٹȵĹȿڡ
ȿ֮³δ뿪Ѱδһ֮ʼδһȣԶȥ


636 
һ֮³ֻصħٹȡʱƣ飬뿪ʱΪǱ
ħٹȵĹȿδͣ³ֱɽȵľͷȥٴƬæѰ٣ǸϤӰҵĳ̾һ
һ֮ڣ³ɽءĴĮԼȥĵطǰһ飬ǳԾ˿ͷ
ɽ֮Уǿʹ˼֮ɫ䣬ʤʹ޴мܡر鲼ˮף޷У˵ǲգĴĮɳ죬ʱԶ·вǸ³
εƴɱĶǣ³νǾһ
ҵǣҹɫٵʱеʧΣһƬţ³ԼǰСѵ󣬻ѰȥݵžƬУãȻЩ
ĪҪڴ˴ɣ޼ƿʩ³ɵһСӼȻܽ˵гȥķӣ
鼱֮У³ҴظϡС͵͵ȥԼɾ鷳ˣһڴ˴ҹعºʱ飬Ǻεȵң
һΪ
˴׻֮мһӰʱ³ŷܷصݣš
Ѱ˿طһƨ³̧ͷȥɬУƲסĺ⣡СӻǳˣȻѵɽµľͷڸΪҵ׻֮УɽŲ

һƬ˼ĳɽ룬ϼ֮УһһŮ
λ֣ԸΪС𣿡
ſǵĴţĪǲƲۣ
СŹɭϣΪѡ
ǺǣΪڣ˳죡ǲϼӳɻԣʹ˳ʹЪϢƬ߲١
˵Żһǰһ·֮ϡڵʿʮģɫƣۣϡĶ룬ĻӡŮڵΪػïݿΣֻж˼ֵ
ɽ֮վΣϦֶŵסŮֹ
Ƭ֮ϼĺɫ
ĬȻƷ뻳ʹ˳жѡ
Ůɫǣ£̲ס˵֣ɫ˴ڵķв̵·̣СΪ
ӺתоһŮӻδ˵꣬Ѵżֲͷȥã̶ҧҧ촽˵Сóɢޣ֪ĲףֵԼţҵǴ˶
´ǰŮӣ룬Цһ˵Ǵĳֻһҩ
ԷŮӲȻСһɢޣ޳֪󡭡һ룬ͻԷһ־֪סһȴΪʱһͻգۼ佫
֣Ҫ֮УŮӻʧɫһ̬ЦһΪԵõź룬ҡͷԵ˵һطôԪҩΪдãΪֵᵤĹؿڣӰҲźðºΪҵʦãˮɣǺǡ
ԣƵŮ־ֿ֣ŭһ֮˼ҵȦףǺãԷ۽ãס֣ҽϵҩݡʯϱǣ롭飡
ŮӵԪױ˶ȥǿл֮Ī˵ʧ´󣬸Ϊ
ûڲѵĲƣ涡ٰİѱñ顣Էûԡ
ߣʧԪȴްһʴȴţԸȻұɱΣһֿŵĪҪʶôԵ⸣Уĳһ컯
ԷʯĳƲǰһ󷢺ڣɷ֮ˣŵӵԻ󡣶λĵĵѽҪԼţ˭ϻ֮£ǲôһ塣
߷֮Уͽ͵ţ漴˫һ൹ȥ
Ž¶˵ӵЦһԼǲŮ޵ԪɲѰôƭŮӣǿ󰡣
ǺЦţһץϵŮӲ£һһѪ
׳һƿתۼ㽫ѪתŵϵŮӣסаɲһӿն
䶸컵˼ʱޱߵľ¡δӰδĽ⣬ԪӤǰ;˵ذŴ֮ʣתӶݣ˭ϵɽ㸲ʹ䲻ظһ˵ϡ
ǰŵӳһſߵġƬ֮󣬶Էδ⣬̧ͷȥɵáһ
˴嶥ĵط˲δ˫أնһλŮӣòΪᣬȴ˪һɱ
ԼӶ꣬Ӻϳ˵ݣŵʧԭʦݵӲ֪
ŮŵϵĲƣɫѿظţǿŭ𡣺ӵĳƺ޷ͣüһ߳죡
ŵһ£ԽпࡣλʦôƢû㰡֪ˣʶأеӣûλʦݲҪ˭û˵˼һӵĴأ
ˣùתű΢ЦݳģһɢޣӲδʦ졭δ˵꣬һĲҽͻȻ𣬲⽥ҹɫдԶһ
һ̱֮ڵϵǲҺһǺ£ɫŵͷȥŵصɴ۾ԼѪ죬ƣﾡ٣һΪޡʱѲǸʿǳͷβһˡ
ʹ֮Уѻһş̌ͷȥȴλʦŭȴ˫Ŷ䣬Թߣе
벻ʮϰ꣬ȴһΪʧʦ棡Ӳ޴˵سͣɱ˵ء
һӲɱˣǲɱΪ֮ˣŮӲΪȻҡҡͷתٸҶະһʦ棬Ҳһȥ
Ƿˣɸߵɽȥʮ֧ţմһĿλʦ棬ʴӡ
һץѽϵĲֽ˵ϣߵʶ˲д˽٣ʲô˶ţǾȡ
Թ˵˵ͷ΢ġ󣬲ϵĽƾ顣
Mûдȴߣ㻹û⸣СĻһתӺЦһ˵ţ
ҹɫӹȵȻգȻԶȥ
嶥֮ϣֻѵһһŮMҹգôߵĵطҿôȥҺ֮УûɱˣֻǲŮӵԪԵԩŵĹ֮бд
߲ԶһMŵñҪʱˣΪʧ޸֮£һͷˤвֱ޵ɤ𡪡
֣Ϊκҡ


637 ħڣ
֣ŵĵڡ
˴鲼ɽվڶ࣬˲ɶõ֮ء
Ⱥɽ֮УһɽϿȵľͷһֵɽֱͨһյɽȡ˴ŵһء
ҹɫ֮УնɽΡһʯдִġħڣ֣ɲơ۹бΪƲƲС죬ԭͻȻðӰסȥ·
ԪӤڵӣ˴˻˸һ˹˵һ꣬ʦõķɸʤǰǺǡһЦźѵǺǣʦñ񡭡
ףⲻλʦлͷ˵ʧ㣡Ĳɵعֻ̧űǰߡԷȴվŲŲѣü΢ʵλʦĪҪͼı죿ʦصأ˿ɲ
ʦڴ˴ֵأôͼıأλʦõѲͷۡ˿Ц£һ˵ʦڴ˴ޣǴڣʦûתһǸ͵ǰǰʦûǻȥЪϢҪ
˻䣬ɫһ䣬ʦã
Ѻ˼һֱתԲ飬С첻޵ɣ֮ʱȴܶӡûκΣʦΣֻɱȥˡ˵Żֱۣ˶಻ǣ಻ǣæʦס֣ڴʱһ϶ͻɤƴ
ӡɡ
һɲѴǶ߲һ仰
ͷѰλʦд衭
пࡣλʦһ޼ɣʦȴ֮֮ӲԹ𡣷Լֻй¶ѣ鷳ɣ
ݴʦõʦԨԴҵȻǲҪһʶˡһ˴˵һεصͷգۼ䣬ԭȥΡ

Ⱥɽ֮УһƬʮСĹȵء˴Ũһ㵭ĺ
ܵĸɽϣʮΪųϱչصĵط
ȵصĵ룬һɸߡԲʯɽһѿһڣȴΪһʯ衣Ϻ̽ᣬԱһɽй֮ơ˴ʦɢ˵ľ֮ء
ɢˣһλòߡ뷢ҰףɫۼʯԵĶϥӰԶҡҡͷѾͷﶫܣﻹŮҰĪǵ꽫佻ԼĵӣźֻԼæɣȴиʦֵˡ

ʦɽֱ˴δ
ɢˡšһȴַ룬վˣŽ´˵Ѿͷһȥʮ겻ӰֺιҪƹأϸӷ˵˱زȡ
۹Ƴʯţŷɢ˵Ķ¡δػǾͣɫоί
ӵ쳣ɢ˺ǺһЦʵ㲻죿Īǻ۸㲻ɣ
ʮѪһɲǱǽһСӸ۸𣿻ΪţȴԹӻ˵дħڣűʮ꣬ȴһľѣ
ԣɢһŶһȴ
Թ˵ɽеħħڣǽ򿪣ҵкôѽ佫˵꣬ɢɫһӣĪҪŵǰڣţʯŷӡΪʦϷû½俪˵ĵΪأٺŹ治ݣ
һСʱ԰ףᡰžડžડֱ䡣ԷɫתȻǶŭҧ촽óһöƵ˹ȥ֮˵ǴŹ棬ӵ뿪ֶ丩һ񣬾תȥ
֣ɢ˷ɿƳһۣɫһ䣬æŭȥıӰ˵ӻ
ҲΪִ֣ͷҲصضײһ䡣ֻȴǰͷȻȻӡ
ԼǰѾͷǵһˣҡҡͷɢ˻º࣬ȰοϷ㡭һСѾͷ˵Ծƣȴֲò˵Ϸһƿҩá
ӽһ٣Ĺĵת˵ڣ亢Ӱϰԣɢ˿Ц£һƿ˹ȥ
ɲԩˣʦ಻ɡ˵ҩ֮󣬻ǵˡȴȥỨ˻
СѾͷȴ£ɢ˲Υ裬Ǿе֣صʵϷ˵˵Ժδ֣꣬
ӲѳŮӣǼɫһԣʵʵظ˵Ϊ񣬾ĵ伮֪ΪƳħ֮ͼע֮أδ뺣ڡѰٶ꣬һŷɽ
ȴŵĲؾͼʾĵطʵڣδ뺣ǵµʯѲˡʦɢˣӽ滰˵˳ٻȴ˶δʵ飬ȴûлۡ
⣬ħڣ֮вħ޵Ľݾ֪ͬ
ħڣʯδ뺣ʯ£ͬķӣǿƳħ˴ΪǰǵĹڣʦóȻƽأȻԼΪҪôꣿ
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ֱŮӵС˼޴ӵ֪
˻һ˵ɢֲ鿴е򣬰ݡƽŻ湻ûѪ̫˼˼ɻأʵ֮Уͨħڣžɣˡ
뵽˴ɢ˽ħڣΪǵĹ֮ŵĸڣϲʧԼÿڴ˴˿иȴУ⡭
ɢ˻ȻתħڣʯţءδƬ̣̬ϣŻӲɵطԸСѾͷ´һͣ㳣⣬רұչʮ꣬Υ
һȻĻӲᣬɢ˳ɽ˵ԪӤڵĵӿħڣʯţڿߣɱ⣡䣬ѳɽȣת˲ʧȥӰ
չʮꣿ죿ʦ۸ҡӻعУʹñɽȵһ
ͽ͵ķйһͨԾࡣλʦأԾһЦ˵ʦλʦֿҪʯѽʦҪչˣ˵꣬䲻ܲ˵عһ񣬱ֱȵһĸɽȥ
ת֮䣬һǰǡÿԸħڣʯšŽЦ⣬չرչأΪҪڴ˴һáأɶһѽ˲ʡģɱͻȻ˳ȻȻҸûꡭ


638 ׽پ
δ뺣Уðɢ˵ӰѭеأѰʮգһ
ںϵһ齸ʯΣ´֮Уɢ˼˴˵ĵطвͬǺˮ棬΢ħ뷨δȫɢʶڣһ޼Ѱ
˴ĴڹһΪĪıٻûֱħڣĴ֮ܣ޴֪
˼ãɢ˻Ƿ
Ϊŵɢ˲Ϊͨ죬縺Ŵ֮𡣹ʶйħڣڵΣ䲢һ֪ڿഫһ仰Ԫľ֮գħڣѰԴˣأ
֮ǰΥѵ˽Խħڣһλʦ֪֮ŭʩչʯŷӡ˺ÿһɢ㣬ħڣȴԪĽľȴһ֮Ե
ħڣʯѷӡ꣬ཫеһз
ɢ˵ÿħڣ᲻Ϊأ
Ϊѵ˻ľͷǧԪ޶࣬ɢȴ֪δȥ֮ʱܵÿߣ޺ӣвģȴ޿κΣǿпħڣشħеһнڣԼ񲻳ŵǧˣ
ĬĬڽʯ֮ϣɢˮƬ֮óöҡҡͷ
ŵһλǰ಻֪ѾͷӺδħڣʯŶ辶Ǹ÷ӡ
٣ȥӰκΡ

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ڵ³ԭĵطѲõĳԣǽޡ˵˵ʵǸĵطСӺˡ
һң³ΰ׳̾˵ûаҹ˵ǵ͸٣һɽɸߴӰסһСӣıǡ
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һת¡һŲǲףԽ׻𣬼³˼һֱɽȥ
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ٿ֮䣬һӰ׻д˳³ǰʮ⡣СϵѲӰΪһǣ滹šžĵ⣬ɽｵһ㣡˫âţɱˡ
ѾĻҪץҪɱˣȴ׻ԵóѡͻȻŷǷƵ˸ǰⲻ³Щֲһʱ֮䣬ԭء
Ҷ˴ѹȥ˶ã
Էʻ֮У³˵Сӣʮ꣬ûȴɵˡ
Ǻǣ϶ļԵǲһһЦ̧һץƶ
֮䣬³ѻĿ¶׹⣬ſ³ŭ޳ܵĶϷ֣
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䡢䡢䡪ɽɽʯһ³ŭϢ޳СС޳ܡ
ʱһĵطŷϵҵ׻
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ЪϢһɽΣɵõһﾡǲȱȫ˺ǣѬǵģеѳ˻мĪǣһĹ᲻ɣ
˼Ƭ̣һҡҡͷôһطĹᣬο֪ҵ׻֮£ܣ˽٣ֻذ
ӣһűߵһߺǡһͷסĴݲУѲӣеһȹǴִ󣬾ǳС
뵽ʲôһת￴ȥȻҵĹǺΪߴ
˵ͷһ⣬ЩĪħ˵źת۹ɽĽ䣬סһǡ


639 ͻ
ڵ׹⼸ɴɽȴһص˺ǡ
ǵħȵʱħħٹȽ֮ء˵ЩǻΪЩħʿ
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֮Уһ˹ȥϸϸ
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ߺǣĪǱŵʦ
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ſյɽ˺һһŻعǬ٣ĶʧӰ١
ټ֣ʶ֮УͻȻ˵ֽӣ⣬Ǭ跨֮
һͷһԴ׻ɽ壬λ˱Ӵ˴ֶû˶ȴڴʱ˵æʵ˵Ǭڵһزɣգȥ
ԲǬ٣Ķûˣɴˣȥһ㿴ĵطˣδ䣡˰Σض죬ͬ˵
һ⣬ʵνͬأĪڱ𴦻ǬĶ㲻ʧ
ȥȥ˴ǺԽڣһлعգȻȻ˵
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꣬һҡҡͷԼֽȥδ±˴ǺľԪһѺǣǱ³ƶޣ
˵̫Թһ䣬ѵɽ֣ѱ棬˵Ǹǻ㻹ǺΪ֮ɣУ֮Ҵܣʵķó
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647 ﾺ
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ͣתۼ㽫Χ˵䡣սѾõֳӿνƣߣȴòǿһ˵ҡͷ˵콣˱Ų֮أԪӤΪϷֺ˵ֺαᣡ㻹ǳûҪ
ȥǷǷǣһʱ˵£ֳֻΪһһǶյһһ˶ϰɣɶȴֲ飬İѷɽת˲
СѣϷǷձֳӳ˵һٴδ߶סһǿ֮ĩҪԷλ֣ǿŲ˶ãֲֻȥĿǷ
ߣǷ̫࣬һһĻˡ˾ȵⲽأң
·ʢһҶ˼гâ鸽壬һԽֳӡ߾ȣϮķɽɨ˹ȥ
䡪һ֮УϮķɽ裬һȴǱõ˳ȥֻǷ˼ͷº޴󰭣
״ֳӴ㵲ѣһ𵤺ڵʿܵסĸԪӤʿһ⡭СӾʲôΪĪֻǴ
һʩչ׷ǾˣȴΪޣδ⼸λԪӤʿΪ֮ݣɷ½֣ƴΪȴδʰ̫˼ˣ⻹һС𡭡
˫λԪӤʿΪһǿ𾪣ȴ֪ȥһУôһ۵С³භ˰ʮ갡
ǿԪӤڵĴʿ಻ȡôһĸ֣ȴǾְʮ꣬˽յһ
֪һһֻ֪θ룡֮ͣѲԪӤڵΪƽͣ޶֣ħǳĪ⣬ͬĴڡĹΪһһֻ࣡ǣ䱾û֪ľˣ
һ˲䣬һͺȵʧߡȥŴֳӶȥֱֻԪӤڵĶֳ˹ȥ
ûӣͷݣԸһСЮӴܣʹΣ
ᣬʱ˵
ֳӻһΣСǺܿ죡
ͷһĬһΣӦ伫죬ǣֱһһ١һأǽСĵ֣
ǰԪӤڵӵסһȥ·ʮ⣬ֳӱԪӤڵĸҼй
Ķ˱ֶ֮˴Լˣ᧿Σ
䡪һը죬һ׷סϮķɽǡ顪һ£Ŀһѵ˽ǰķɽһƳΧȴָһƬлȻɳĻԣڵסȥ·
״һ߶ӭȥĶֳʩչ֧ţö
ȡͻȻһæȥϵĶڣͬʱٴδɱ˸ǰ
һ˫ü𣬰һڡȥֳӱɣʱһ֮ĸԪӤʱ³֪ԪӤżһ޷ԽԼΪҪ׽Ƽ⣬ÿÿޡ
Ȼ֣顢顱¿ĿϮķɽһȻΣ˫ۼӣ趯һƬӰٿ֮䣬ʮ־ˡħӡ͵ؼлȻһڵĴ󸫣Żͻ벻赲ƣȻǰ
ŵʿΪһĺ¶𾪡ɽ֮ɵ˼ȥˡһСѣ죬һСѣԪӤǶԸһʿ˵ȥ˰Сӿ޺ˣ
˭תһĴ󸫵ͷλԪӤֲɫ
⻹ǷĸͷǺƵһСɽǱɱһŭкɨƣʹֵֿͷ
ҪɱˣҪٵأ
һҶ赲ԺȻ飬ϵɱϮ
ŵʿҪܣȴˣ
ֻڷХƸǶɱʱûһУ׵һˣδҽУ㱻ӣתһѪΪɸɸɾһԶ⣬ȴѵ֮ƣ顱һ£Ǳص˳ȥ
ȥѽߣڰлɢһ̤磬նȻУһĨȻһѪ⣬΢ɲ֮ʣٿڡڵħϣĪһѪ˿ǳʩȥħȻ˶ӯ֮ǰǿһ
ħӡԶԷѪ⻯ħȥսǿˣĪҪ޾ͷɱ¾֮С
ɴ˿ɼħ޻ޣеǿʳ֮ȡﾺ֮俴˭˵ǵأȡᣬǹغҡѵ£Īھ񡭡
˼Щңһס˿
ǵħʱƾ˷ܽԪӤڵ³ˣᵤ֮ȫһȻԺɱԪӤʿħӡδʧЩϣдɱаڲ֪׳˲٣
һвͷתĹһץȥ·谭תкֳӡԷȴǰĲȻδӵɵԲŵԪӤڵʿҵ׷˹ֻǸԵɫ֮ǰᣬǶ˼ֵĽ
ֳӱ˵仰ȴſڲֻǲ˼ҡͷʾһߡŵһνǾףʹһʧʹԳûֻλС̹ȻģͷһҲѣ
һʿȻԪӤʿһһˣôء
һûȥ˵˼ֻ뼰뿪˵أŵħӡǶԷɱ˵һʣδˣҪ֪ħӡΪħʱɱˣԿĻԼҪȥսʤԪӤ֣֪û¡
ֳӸһһȥԶԶסȥ·㡭ɱʦܣ뱨Ųꡭ
Ǳ֮ˣò׼أǾδģõס˳е·ȴֲǿơֻƬ̣Աλʦ׷ɱһһ١
ûû˵ģʱǸͷһüһһǰȥһߵһ߆֮˱ֳӲҵ󡣶ŵ˼Ҫܣҧгݵ˹
·֮˼һͣæȴȻᣬֱǴͷһأﻹжֵ˼һֻǿ治ʧˣδƶȴͻȻڰУ
ŵصͷȥһڵԲ͸СЦ


648 
һȥƼͣת˲֮˵ǰµһɲͻ״ѹֺܲ࣬顣ֻǡ顱һ£ǰ֮˱㻯һѪ⡣
ͷĲڣһɫһ䣬͵ؽǰá䡱һһڵԲ鼤ء˫һԳ֣ǵ˳ȥֳײһ
˾ȵ㻹ĳˣӦ֮졭
ڴͬʱŵʿ׷һһٵңȴǱ˴ֲԼͬǰȥ
еֳһ٣ߴ˵һʱ֮Щ¡ðһǸΪ͵Ůӡųȴת͵ϮǵУѣ
Ͽ֮ϣǰʮԶӭնһλŮӡһϮƮݣˡǽպЦ͸һԵȻ󡣶ȴһļµԲ飡
Ů֮۹ԷɫԾȤ̿ס֮£ǡꡱЦȴֳᶶ֮䣬źۼ֮
һΣסüͷʮδŮԪӤڵΪֻǸӵԶԸֻκרΪԼôѰ˴ģ
һֳӿŮһۣתһɫоһ·ֿһһǿһһᣬʹƣӦͶٲСӲɲ⣬սľ˵Ǵһ֮ˣȴвͬ
˫ԴòɿֶһλⲻĵߣʹϿеζ˼һʱ֮䣬˴˽
λŵ߷ߺ޲ѣȴֺɲͽܣȥλʦܣ˵ѪװݡˣвֻǱ˳𣬷Ҫ޶ˣ
˼һͬ黻˸񣬱Ůӹ˵ʦ٣λѣԷأԶǽСӣǿŭ𣬳ʵ˴زʶԩ޳Ϊɱʦܣ
ʦ˵˻λٵʿŸ͵в֪ɽָγƺնŰݷã
˵ĻУνӲʩȴǳ׼ŮӵΪͣѱ棬֪̽պƽϲ١ϾһһСĶԹδ˽ᣬ²̫ࡣ
˵Ů޹գźÿ۾ʵλԩأ£ͬʦڣ֪һӴӲɱˡűݺҲɡ
ԣɫ΢䣬һʱ֪ӦŮǲΪȻõһЦŷң۹һ˵ɱߣһҲ˺üԣ֪ûСѽ³çֱɣʵ黫Сˣö˶ԹĴҡҺˣ
Ůӻĩˣļ˴һ㣬СϾԹ޵ģ˵ɲ𣡶࣬һչħڣʮֿ꣬տաһУС
ŵֻ˸ɫ˴˵Ȼ֮УЩϲɫ߷ǵмѣΣǽСӵĳѰˣſݵһţ˸ǡŮ֡
ޣһͨһסһڣŶԷ°͡żէȻֲԼɱ˶֣ʹΪĲ졣Īϴˣ͵ϮŮӣǸٰħŮ
꣬ӣһħڣ֮еİʮꣿŮһǰĽթǣ߲ƣ
ӣ䲻ʲôˣȴಢ˵؆£ûռˣ㾡ܷŵǡһоſеһᣬڳ˶ֵļơֻһԵֳȴɫһĿԣ˴˼䴥ֿɼ
Ӵ㵣漴ǵͨ죬ָһŭ㡭Сӣ˭ұ
ǽ󷲵æ廰԰꣡ĳΪ仰δ䣬һᣬɽ֡
һоһץֳӡԪӤڵʿɲҴ⣬·Ҫ漴˵ʹһϲɵͣ¡
һĶԹ˲ò֣Ȼߺߣʦȥˣͷ˼ҷֻҼλʦֳ㹻һ
Ӻ䣬˲㺮˪˵ĻǺʮ㣬˵սľţǾ˵ľŴ֮һǿŻʿŴɣŶҪ⵽ŵ³⡭̫ˣ
ѣ˴˵ͬ飬ֳֺءŵй˼ɣȴǶһ˵Ļ¶⡣ŮӲǺǽСת۱㽫ŵأ
ǰô˵㷭żˡſݵĵһţ׸ʣǲ
ߣŮҵµ죬ͱ䣡ȻĻУ͸εĽӳֳڵԲ顣Ƕ˾㵣赭д˵ȼȻߣֻһ֣ͷѰˡ
ѣǿ󷲷߷߲ƽֻ˵һ룬Է£һ˿˵ǲܺݣǻ𣿲Ѱȥ˵ѽٲߣֻ¼¡
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ŵʿ˴˽Կҡҡͷ֮ԷˡյȴԤϣҪŵ֮ŭɾǴͷˣ
Կ˳ڡ̣ǸСӽһҼסˡ
ʦֵܺʶʱ񣬸̾˿ǰȥʰͬŵźתͷҲصԶȥˣ
һƴɱתɢȻһ䣬ĻʱĵЦ̡һһȴˣЦһҿľţҪô𰡡
ȴת֮һֳӲδȥӵĵתʵϡã֪
ֳӾź룬۹ŮһתƣأﲻԡŵһԴСİϷΪԹߣһŮӷ͵ϮţôתۼҪأ
һȴǲмһ˵ƲƲǣ˵㺦ҶΣת۱˰ɣ㷽תƣյһоʹգǡ˵ţֳʾ¡ŮѲǶ㿪Ϊ
Сվסһ㵲ס˶˵ȥ·˫ֿĵӡ
һƤһĪҪҽλɣÿ
ӺһϵЦⲻƵƫÿбܰԷΪһЦֵ򲻹ңҲܲңŴӸŻҡ
޿ֵļƣһüͷŮӿ׷˴Ȼ˾Ϊħڣ֮£
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˱Ǽ⣬һЦɷӣҪ𱨲ɣһ仰˵꣬ɫһ˿˵Ҷ㲢޶ѽв֪ȥηأ
һҡҡͷ˵ͷģʹ˼ģθɡ
Ӻ˫Ź⣬˷һͷ˲ݸĵľϣϲõ£ұһͬ˼ģٺ١


649 ŮƤ
ݵһСϣһλһѭŽֵǰС󣬻һŮ롣ɫУʱʱһĨԵõЦ⡣
ɫˣһֳ뻨ӣպһɽСϡ
һǰֳӰǴνѣȴûܰѻӡŮӴ򲻽Уŭʮһº͵ŮҡƾΪٵĶ׷ʱΪȶ͵س̸˼ĵȤʹֻеٰΣ
һŮˣ˵鷳ӣһ޷ԵĶ֣һֻöֻ֮֮֮ŵСģŲ
ŮʶȤһ档һֳ˵ʱǶһԣʾرܵ⣡
ȣϷʬҰ³ֳ̾һɫǷѣһľδ鵭Ȼݵһһʱƽ
ǵóμʱڴСϡʱǲһϲ԰ӵСӡ
˺СӳΪʿǣǷǷǣΪ֮ӿ˽Ϊ֮󣬱ˮһʰ
ʱ꣬Ǹһζ̡˰ڲСӣ˽𵤺ԲΪնɱԪӤʿı¡Ű⻹һǴڵϤ£ֻθأ
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Ҫֳ֪ӵΪͬһ㣬ȴھݵİʮгԾ˿ͷνǲļѰСӲȻңڡ
ֳӣһЦΪԵ±Թ
Ȼ֮Уֳҡͷ˵Ե±ԹԱ£ֻϷΪкγԹ
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һپᣬֳ಻ܴżϴΪתһȴǵĵĿ޵Σ
νľ֮λԱ׼Ƿ˵޵֮˽ģŶȤִأ
ʶֳӲлһľ֮ǱȻһһ°ˣ
ɴ˿ɼ˵ĵΪĲͬи֮֡
ֳӶһο͵Ϊŵĳϣ˽ȴ޹غԹ𣬵ȵȡ
㲻ءؼҿ𣿡ֳӻ׿һۻӣԷΧһɵӳϡ档
ҡһ۹Զ˵̫Զˡ
ֳΪȻͷ˵ǧ֮ңһʵף
һҡͷ
˱߱˵ʱѰСڴ
һ𣬵ֳֹתȻһЦ˵ݵİʮ꣬ջɣ¿ԶλԪӤʿϷУ
һĬֳ˵Ҫ˵ص;ˣ̲Է³ֻ·һ
ԣһ£˵ȻǺá˴ǿб𣬻롭
ϷףֳӴһóһöʾ£ֵǵΪգ˵ôΪΡ˵ţ϶˼ѯɫ
£һ˵ͷ˵ɽҡԼĹţط֮
ֳ¶Цݡݣһ˵СѣౣأϷȥҲ
һͬʩһ˵һ·˳磡
ٴνһϸϸһֳ꣬Թ˵ͷǺһЦתԶĴһ仰
ܼұɣϷʺһǺǡ

ֳӷشˣ
Ԫ޶ַ࣬Ųţ֮·;ңԶͷǹƼ
һֳͽĴ󣬱˴˷ֱ˵һ
нɵжǷǣ˵ʶֻһԵְˣһһ飬ղ;еһ羰
һ·һ·ȥһķ羰׿һӰҴҵĽŲҴҡ
ɽϵһĬȻ񣬲ԶĻӴ˹
ŮһаţǳЦӯӯӣٲ׼Ůңһĵķ顣
Թ˸ж룡飬Сӣ֪ɡһͱ˺ЩįЦ˵ǻʱڣȥƣڴɽҰСءһ˳ŮӣȻû̬һƤСѾͷֻôȡ֣
һת۾һؿȶŮӡ
Էɫ죬ӺƱŵˣ͵һȵ˿ңĪûòŮӡ˵ţ˫ֶ˾ﻹһԪӤ֣һĻŮޡ
ǺǣͬӶˣһЦһ˵㲻Էɫһϲ˵ʲôһƲ˵С
Сӣˡɫһ죬Ӷ첻µز£ȴܲ˱ϾΪŮӣԼҵļɻ䣡
һһͷҲֱʱĽֵȥ༥Ѿͷľ㣡
㡭ҧгݵػӶȭͷ޲ɱɶСӡδȥǡЦ׷ȥЩغǵһôҵˡ
һŲһ٣ס˫ۡŮٽ͵ת߳Ҫң
ЦһͣסһСӣҸˣΣѽϵľƵɫб´һܰĪΪɱ㡭
ֵϣһŮִ·Χۣ˺˽
һ޿ֵĻӣ̾˿Ƥ˰ɣһǿŮƤ컯Ūˣ
ֳӷشĵʱһһݡɻӱһβ͸󣬸ѲˡɲҴôһ·֪Լĵϸֻް֮ˡ
˵ıΣһһܣɱˣͬûϧĴȱĪ˵˴Ϊ̫࣬⼯಻Ƕֵĵط
ֳӵۣǿһ
ƣͲˡΧ۵·˶˷ܣɫһԭﻹһӰ
Сӣӡ


650 ϼ
һïܵĴУƷէһ㣬ͻȻðһɫӰֱȥһɫӰ治ꡡ
ˮϣȻϮ˻εһӰȻˮ׷ȥ
žɽУ顢顱ըϣųһһŮǰһֱۣվס
תۼ䣬¹ȥľ䣬
Ĳϼȣ˪Ⱦɽ壬һƬվ
ȿڵһʯͷϣһ𵶵šһԣϽ«׹һھơһ¼ļתԶĴ󺣣εءߡһ
ʮһô£ͤͤһŮӣһĻӡһȾƵļԺˬɡһЦҲˣҲˣѽѽѽѽǻأ˼Ȥ
ཡཡǹһͨƣһ˿ھҡҡͷþ˷ӣ£ҪѵȴδԶ벽ΪԼķΪ죬ħŮĶΪˣ˵óͨжݷ
һûħӡԸӣɲӡɣԷԶԶģЦԵͨ޴Ȼѽ
ŮӼʶħӡһԸԿϵ浶ʵǹشһԷΪ̫Զ˼ҵĶ֣Ϊˣ޿κΣ
ֻҪһӱצõŮģڣǼǵడ
㣬һʱµ׷֮һ֪ѲŮƤٺƬɽȣԲˣ

ڵĹȿ⣬ǷӵĲϼﲢʿټ
ЪϢգ˾񫣬һȥϵƣСȥ״ӡһЦΪ
ɽ·ƽ̹˵ĽŲ졣һŻɫĵۣͷһ¹С«üһ׵ȡ˫֣̬УȵĿˡĻӣȹƮݣӯ绨һЦ֮У˵Ŀ⣡էһ⵹ǽεһ˫Ů
ӣңʱǸͷأһٺüĿ͸żֱ⡣
һˣܴԸķ˵ӽסֵءٺ١һЦ̬һƤ񻣬òǱһ˿޶ˡָһƷң˵ֻ뽫֪һ棬˵ұŹ㣡ȻұǸһһкη
֪ʲôһһ䡣·˴Զת¡۹˻ӵϣԷֳûǰ
಻ԶδһӰһѧŶԷӱ˫֣˷Ц£ʵħڣ֮ڣħ֮Уʦźʮ䣬֮ʲôһһ˵©⣬ŵ³кζԹΪ׷δ뺣Ѱ㣿
һͷʵħڣ֮ηһ·Ѱأ
ǡһһıӰ۾ŵСͷҪҶʦ֪ٻħڣĻһˣˡ
ᡰŶһһƳһۻӣתԶɽΪ˵˵һħڣ֤֤Ȼдһ˵β֮׷ء
㡭ߣΪթ֮ͽδ뵽λ֮Ӻһɵ°ͣȻȻֵ˵գӴ˱С˼ġ
һҡҡͷζӣ·վ˵ŵپұ˵ˡ
һϲͷһ۸·ˣߴٵ˵˵ѽ
һǺһЦȴٳʯԭħӦŵɽ֮񣬱ﱻ³ȥưոݣӲԼμ֮󣬲δ֪ˣȻй˼ɣ롣ŮӵĻţΪһźã
һ˵·ߣм겻ȵĴ߽
ҵ޶棬񲻹֮꣬ȴͨ񡭡
˵޶ǰĳˤһ֮󣬱䡭
ǲ䣬ǿǣͨϣޱ߰ҼҸ޼޸ˡ
ۼѻ꣬ȴǾһ㣬
˵޶˸壬ʶ
λԣҵǰȥԵ񣬵һɳǡ
ǰǰɳ
·ߵСλһ˫ˣĪȥݼɳġ
λСһλ
Ǻǣۻ軨ˣ¡
Եٰλͬȥ
ͬȥͬȥ롭

ϼϱ߲ԶһߣҵԺ䡣
һѰũСԺԺԺ⼷ˡһȮ͹һ뻨ЩµĴӿԺţ
Ժ˷ܵŮףһסƴǼªߵݣڳɳ͸ȵȡ
һֵĴûȤ֡Ǻʮ㣬һʰֵͬȥԷҪܾǵǻ񸾵ĴҪЮ˵ʲôȥСŮ಻ȥ
ڻӵĵôߣһÿɷ񡣱һƤɲ˵³𣡶룬Ǹ˴
˿˵ӱвסһ·ϲͣʶһδĺӣƮɣ޾ĺ档òƣǻ﴾ӺĴദ
ԴˣһΪȻ
ǸԪӤʿթûʲôôһħŮȻͯδһ棬˿۽磡
˾֮徻ࡣһŮӣĲһʡģ
һȺƵԺӵĽ䴦ΪΡӻͷһۣЦſڼȥ
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651 ˳Ϊ
ҵЩƣԺǳࡣ¾Ǻӣһ긾ֱӣ˰֣֡ꡱһ
ſڵӵͣ⸾¶ЦתǺǷǷֺõ˵ӡδ˵֪꣬ʧԣæһ¶⣬ŴǸ⣬СֵСʱ򣬱ôлţһʱĲ˿ڣĪ֣Ī֡
ˣһϵɤ𣬺۾ʱ䣬˽ס˴ϢһηɫУĪ˷궯š
һ֮ŵİɫָʹ˵վݣڽ桢ĩβʱһТļɣϷ򡭡ã뾲ޡ
ӵĽ䣬Ƕ򸾱˴˰øˣϵɫŨˡ
ͣ˴ͷһ䣬űһƬϵĸ
ͷеЦݴһĿӹǰ΢ȺʱǰһһòķŮЦ俴˵ģԷЦתȥضһ仰
װģ
һɫЩŮһȥͷ˿

ӼȺԺӣֱԺǰĳߡǶ˫ְԶ̬У
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ҶأˮÿģûǺȤأδȱԹһ漴Цٺ٣ΪҪûء
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ֻҪ㲻ħڣĵطұзѰ㡭ӸȥԷ޶ֻ·ʵ㲻֪ԭ𣿡
һĽ²ͣἸǲŶеŮӣĵ˵ˣ˵𣿡
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ãһǺܸɴҡҡͷ
ԭѿˣ֪Ӧ֮ѽɫȻ̲ס
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Ӳмغһ˵мΪУûбûУԲԣϡ

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ջǼͷڣҫպյһУԼʱȤšʱǳЦӯӯʱ赸ٲȻǸĻŮң
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Ǻǣһɴ۾סֳԭѪΪʲôõĶСƿϸϸ꣬ʵΪҪ˵գǷѪΪ־磿
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һͷһڲݣĻѡ
һѪΪˣɲΪ𵤱˵Ǳ³֮顢塢ľȵȡ
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ʱһеĻյԵ˼ֵĳ˵лһָ̣Сӵǣ
СĵһЦкΪʦʱ򣡿Ǳ׷ƨɣʵ˲ܰ
һЦƲƲ죬˵һȭ£ɨݣΪԱϾκΣ
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ĻζһһЦҡҡͷ˭ٲſ񣿶Լʮ̤еνǲģΪ£ʶ澳أÿÿԸΥòȥġǡա֣˰ɣ
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ħӡãǡ졢ءˡӡʩȻǾ춯أһڵħȴǺ˸һɶˣҪչؾˡΪڣ޴󰭣
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һŻĵӰҹճѭż﷽ԲСţ߹˿磬߹꣬ƽ˾
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һҡҡͷתԶǲɵ÷һĨЦмС˵ضɱԽ֮أããĴ

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ʦԼǣ;ⶰɡҩһεҡҡͷ
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һأԾţ۹⵭ӹˣתСֻ˲䣬ľĴ顱һмüʶһǣվЦ̳Ϊл⣡ãĪҪǺǣ
˵ľ㵣һóһ̳Ʒϣת߳̶ȻڿգٿһԶȥ
ţ˵ˣҩһæڴεСģŵ顣Сδؿλͬ飬С˵ǰǹŪأ֮Ϊɱȡ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷ亹Ǿ̳ӣʧ񡭡

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ڴֻȵļ仰ݵʿҪǰţһԪӤڰȥɽغϣʱ֮⣬һΪûг˱ʣ˵İ֮Լϣ
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һɽ壬Զɫãƣ˼Ǹ˵ĺõط
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Ⱥɽ֮УԺǧɸߵɽΪԴ信ƣ֮ƣԻ塣
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ӽֱ۵ĺɾ֮Уβطҵȵİ֮˭ССأںô֮ˣͨڣҶɽѰſָָ㣬һ˵˵صΡʱѻָ˳̬նЦȻ²
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״һҡͷЩǶסˣλԪӤʿһݵűǿǾݵۺɾǽǸ龰
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һǹ˼澭Ϊε֮ϣзľ붴ľľ˿֮˵һвʵĴڡ
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һһ³΢ɲ֮ʣٿȻûʶдЦ
ϻزǵõһħ𣿽ʯһǶô

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һ˵Ϊӣʦǡ
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662 ۵
еģ˫üޣƮȻһ緲׼
һǳɫݵĲ̧־֮䷨ȻܵɽʯΪһ塣֮ʹ˻㱶ڣɽڣɽڣ١
Զæǰ񣬿ڳưݼʦ
ӺʱõӷǵĵزǺǣŷǰһЦԶĵʦŵӣ˻ڵĸˣ
ɫȻʦʦ˵ĻȻ˼ңȫԶǸ˵ʦТĿɼΣʦ
ӱ˫֣Զϼ䡣ÿɷ˵˵ЩΪʱ磡Ϊʦǡ
֮еģʦδӦԼȴûһڻؾԻתʵʦɺã
Զͷ͵ʦټ಻ǰȥʰʦúǹ
תӣ˵ʦɽ֪꣬ʱգȻ©мǣ
ʦö˲Ҵ⣬ǣ
ӵ˵ͷ˵ʦΪָ֮ǰ֮⣬κˣ˴۵⣬ΪʦΪȻԵհ죡
ʦȼ֮ɴ˾ٶ̫˵Ĳ¼ɣӵġԶֹ˼˵ִƾ˰֮ʣ˴󶯸ɸ꣬»飬ݲΪСȴöԳľɡ
һʾ֮⣬ȴָ֮룬ʧƫˣ
Զɫ֣̿æְݵʦ̻壡Ǹ񣬹״
֪šŽãšīоɣšʱŴ֮УΨٰҽԵȴֶ񣬵ѳ𣬾ɺɾ֮Ϊʼһҽʰ
ʦɽһ£Ϊ֪ʱŰϰݣʦȴŵӵݺ㶪ΪǱһӵŭֻΪָ֮գǱ˴˺Ƥ֮ʱ
˴ֵʦ֮Ҳż֮λ֮ޣܴ谡Ŵս֮ͬˮƱزͽǺǣݴսϷ˵˵ҵָΡ
ԶһԣɫءʦԵһУѹǣʵͷģˣŽյİ
һɽ紵Ƽݣĳ֮кµĪĹâʹ龰˷룡
ӻȻ뵭һЦת˵ƣ裬·ɵ֣뷲׼ǷǷǲҵ಻Ӧʱˣƣ֮ģ֮ſ۳ȲһǺǡ
ԣȴֲ޴ܶǷǣ˭˵֮أʶ£ȥһвǳˣ
νд֮£޷Ǽ¡ԣ

һ¸ܵɽ壬»֮¡⾲׵ҹɫУĸǰðһʿӰ
ӲԼĶǰϥסֱɫһ˿ͷֹţСӣ㲻Ǳչ߰˳ɵİսӤⶼȥˣôûĶأ㲻ǸֱƷˣϷûˣ֪𣿽ϣ۵ỹҪʼˡ
ҡҡͷǣתֱߡԶϤӰϼѿЦѵΪоϲɺأ
ʮ⣬񲻼ٴɫ˵һҰѱ֮ˣڴ˴ȴ꣬ѵðʮ⣬εĶǶ˼ʦ˼ҳ棬ȴָ֪
ʱǨ˷ǣǵأ񡭡ӸпĻУ޷֮⡣˭ϣԷ飬£
Ц²գ۵Ᾱӳ꣬ʵⰡ
ߵк⣿ͬԽ˵صʿΪŵһ⣡
ҡԴС˵Լǣ˾ͷź۵ҽɽƵ໥Ĳźá
㣬ңɻΪһ̸ǽɱһգұˡ֮Ļ⣬ȴ˵ѡ
ɫһ˻ԳˡԹ㣬Ǹʲôˣ񻹲ӴӲԿǶԹ
ʱϺȻƮ̨֮ϡܵĶǰλϥʿԾĿ
һС̨⻪ں浹Ӱӳԡһʱ֮䣬羵ĺϣ죡ˣλԪӤڵʿһλΪ
ͣ٣ĶС̨ٿȻܣ׹ԴЩ̨ȴԶһ˻Ȼˣܶ˵һģһʿѱ
ֵ֮ҹϷӣټͬɽŵӡſڵһɲǣỺĻȴһ磬ֱ˷ȥȻ֮䣬ǰʿΪ֮һһϢӣзֺ
۵ڴǰйʶϷΪڳλ۵һǺǡĸӽһˣ͵Цַ˵ƣ֮Σ֮֮ߣν֮ڤڤ۵ǵҲʴˡ
˵˼ŵģ̸۵ĵʵϲĵһ٣˵ʴˣţŶҲɼҲԣԶҲ壬ֱһ;棡
ȻǿŵĶֲԴ۵һ˵أټôˣôʱ;
˵ɣ࿴ǳԣһδز͸ƣٴ飬洫һ仰һǰʵڳʿǳ
»кҫĿ٩٩̸޹غ֣֮ߣʧֱ֮ҲԿɼ֮¡
㣬һ˵ҹΪջһ⡣ŪûйϵԶһԿʶ֮
̨֮ȥλŵԪӤʿȴٲ뻤֮⣡
˴Ŷֻ뽫ԪӤʿ䡢֮ΪĲͬһץ֣
ŵʿѰʱһҧ㽻öһȻԼģһ澹ȻӡһĴ׸ԪӤΪ
Сӣ񲻼Ϸֻöһˣץץ㣬СӵùץõͷȻ
ڼæңһʱģ񲻻кɫû˼ȥӡԼҵǰ۰ͰͳֲԶһҶڴСƼһ̣


663 
ɽ۵֮ȭͷ͵÷ɽ˵ʱˣ˵ʼˣ
֮ϣʱʱַǷʿͨ˸ֺ
ǰ֣ͷȴֻӼգãСֱͷԼֲɾɾԵˣҲ˵Կˣ棬ʵ˰
˴ζץΣΪɴС£
ʮֵ֮ɽšϳһԪӤӡԪӤԲ֮ȶԷ߳һɣһ֮󣬱ŵʿöʤ
鶦սʤӱųûǰšɼֵģصˡ
յİʱ֣ӻǱٻϳˡԷһλӣȴԪӤڴɵΪۣüףϣƲ

ڴͬʱһĽ֮Уһ۵ɫ԰ף䶢ŰˣоǺ⣡
˲Զһǰ˲ȥע֮ϵĶӡһλ׵ķŮӡ

ӿ뿪ԼҶǰ̤ĵ롣
ʱ˲ð꣬ԪӤδСɣֱԼΪ߳һⲻԼҪԿ
ܣٵʶ̼ӰһֱͦʮĶԷ˵ɽӣλֶָ̣
ﾫһع˹֣˵ħɷŹұɣ
ԷưѿϼЦԭǹұ֡
ұһɵ㡭ϵң
ӺЦ㲻ħɷŵĹұ𣿡仰δ䣬ǻ伱׹Ȼ
ұŲϵһȴǲ㲻ܣ̧ͬ׹ӭȥ漴ſ³һڵԲ飬ٿȻ֣

ĵ׹ײһ𣬺ӵʮ㣬׹ֱ֮Ƕ˹ȥ
ֱռϷ磬Ӷ־ʢ漴ɫһ䣬æ³һ⵲ǰ׹⻤塣ˣһĺâɱٿ䡪һ֮УϮ֮ƣǱ˳ȥ
֪ǺâƷɽ׹赲ϮȲ֮£ֻ̨֮ܵϣλŵԪӤʿͬʱһ㣬һǿĽƾʱסҪĺâͬʱֿ˽ֵ˫ű˳ħɷŹұʤ
ΣأԾδȴǹұɺһڣʾͷĲޣԷȴǳ䲻мЦﳤȥ
˷֮ЩǱط˶ֵУϤ۹⿴ǵͷȻ
ܾͰˣαĴͷɥ˴ǰı䡣ֻƤΣԹһͷ˶ɴˡ
ħɷһұһǰ鹧Ƕ²Сһ
ݿݣȴĿ׶𺡣˱ħɷŵԪӤΪӤףޱ˵ұħɷмӣϷοȥЪϢ
ұֹлŷԼڵĶת֮ʣӵâһû

չȥҹɫ٣һյ˽ڸԵĶоޣʰ¾ɥ飬ٴγԼҵǰ
ҹ޹⣬ܵɽ御ûҹɫ֮УǰһУĪ⣡ûɵӣһסԸߣ˱Ǹˣܣ˵ôһа
ǸħɷŵĹұɣûţȻ¶û꣡
ѵԪӤڵץΣûץСӣأ
꣬߰˳ɵİսӤСӣϷı»أָΣǳˡ
ҹˡأԳüչ̾
֪ںʱ΢ˮᴫȻ滷ɽƽ羵޷أɵùͷ¿ȥֻʮСĺ浴˲
˲ǣߵͷһӿ
˻ӿ˿£תֱǷ֮õĶͷɵһ
ڴʱܵͻȻȻһ
һһܱܵ˰У־ϲͷȥϲС˶ǣ⶯ǲ̫ˣ
ŭ
ע
̼䣬ɽ˿籩֮С

˿̣ϵһ֮Уһ˵
ͻȻң̶з΢㵵𵤳Ӥ֮סԷǺЦѰ֮£ʦܺˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦֲҿǳӤ֮Ժδ꣬Է䲻֪˭ȴǲ۵ʿɣһƲС
ˣѰӤ󲻹һʱ̣֮ٽ٣ͬųɽٵҲѣ⼲ͣɽ˰οɲ֮⣬һСҲԪӤʿ۵ᣬ⵨ӿ治С
ӻ䣬ʦֲΪЦССɵĵӣѰչ֮أóȻˡѽЦݣ⡭ҿ˵

һͻıֱ꣬ڶյʱֲͣЪܵĶˣЩʿܵ˺ϣѰ˶ɽţһ㵲ѣ
˰ΣʹԭҪĶֻա
ԼҶɽ֮ϣɫһ̧ͷ죬һֶһǽյĶͷϰ¡СӣϷڰ
쿴ǽơһڳ˽̧ͷȥ
δգŨҡסյƣᷭӿ֮ϵɸߴ㼯һʱ֮󣬺صĽƾ۳һɴСţأԷڲݡ
ĽƲʮɣ˾޴󡭡
Ӥ㾪ˣԪӤΪǳ˿ɱȰ
ʿӤһزѣɹٽԪӤʮβ
һҵСһչؽӤǵΪ͸
۵ᣬŵĸ˶ɾ鷳ˡ
һԵɽϣ࣬˵ͣʱûԸڶ׽»꼰
⣬ŵʿϴӸðӰǳʮλԪӤڵʿЩ׽ҪµĵطΧһʮСȦӣز½ơɲǺΪǶɽ֮˻ٻ
֮ʱװͿȺ֮¶ģһԡ̬죬βסͷĺ棬Ǵλ˹
ǽСӡ˵أȴָ
ǰַ£˵԰꣡Ҿ䡭
ߣãӻЦԷת뿪ֻǸλͷЦǺǣСӣԸܽӤץεʱĪҡ
ɫһڣȴ˾ǽģæһ̧ͷɴ˫ۡ


664 ɽ
Žƻǧɸߴһ٣Ǵѿһ
Ž԰ɴСĽָвͬһнâΪʻƣŨī以ɣȴֱ˴˽ţлת
ͻȻɽڵǧ֮ڣӿ糱ؼ쭣ѸͱǼյĶʱ䣬𵴣һƽضʮ﷽Բ֮ڳм
ڴ˿̣ϵǵضʹȻԳ֣ٽٵװ
ڶؽƲɵֵȺһƬɧ׷ȴҡͷ̾Žƣ٣ĪҪԪӤ
˺Զ֮ͷľѲκһˣԪӤСÿÿϣ¿ִˣִˡ

ʦڶ֮ڣȴѽοһ˽ס˸񣬱˴ͬΪһȻ
Ƭ֮ջʶŵ˵⻹ԪӤ𣿻ƴưʦֵ˵ͷ˵һӤڵ伮еĴ˵ȴڽĿã˼벻ݻĳ˸ʱգ˵ǰ;
ɫһ˵ʦֵ֮⡭ԷǺһЦ˵ΪãΪ֮Ȼ
ᣬ˵С۵ᣬóȻɽչѴŵŹ棡˵޻Ǹ
Ǻǣһ޻ǸҿνӤ

֮ϣŰɴСĽתϢ
âԡŨīΣвͬĽƣ˵죬ȴ޲̺ǿƣΪ֮ݣ
ʮŵ˻ܣԶ˭ǴӶɽһ߹ģһʶڳĽƣǷ󣬻ʹ˽סȻη塢ʼɣߣֻ
ͬٵǱ
٣Ŷʮߵװ
λѵԽӤɹͬΪ֮£˭֡
ߣⲻ𣡼лǰѶȹ١
ʮİУʿȺﲻϣδδŵ٣һ졣
ʱ󣬹һƬƶࡣΨɫʸĽɢأתĺ
Ȼ֮䣬âĽƾҶ£֮¡¡
ɽڵ﷽Բ֮ڣǧʿ
ֻһɽ֮ϣٿȻһ⡣ǾһʮɳĽŭĿԲҫҡͷβ֮ʣ޿ƻɣ

ڴʱѾöâĽƣȻ䷢ѡŻ֮ƣһˮͰϸĽɫ׹к¡
δ壬쳣һ͵ش𣬻Ӷצ׹ȥ
䡪һ춯صľ죬׹ѡȴǿԴ󷢣أԲģֱƳȥ
棡Ĵ˾һƣ
Ȼţţһһһһҵ׹⣬ǽȴ쳣ڷһ׹衣
̼䣬ǰǽ˰˵٣׹ɽ֮Уδ𣬷ӵķ񡣶ȴڴʱȻһգɰɽʮɴСâֹڷŭַڵȴʲô
ƴʢĽ¼ߣɿգ֮䣬˸˸֮УǽǻһߵӰ
˽磬絭˫磬ķ̬һδĵھŵ٣һ֪˫ü硣̶һǣϥ˫ۡ
ԶΧ۵ȺЩɧ
ޣ˻
ٷɲȴδ
ֵܵģ£𣿡
СʲôãϷ򻹳󡭡
쿴ˡ
һвתĹŨīĽƺ׹űһӰӵ·ɳתԾ֮СͷɢɶߵΪƣɢɱ
Ʋһһɫ׹ⱼк¡Ƕɽ֮͵ذͦأڷ¶һΪӡ䲻ݻ֮ʣֱָһһٿȻӭƲɵĽס
ΣԹ۵ʿ޲Ϊ֮Ȼ
ħޡ
λħ˫ޣ
һСȴļµĲƣ࿹𡭡
ףСӡ
ǽСӡ
ֵܡ

֮УˮͰϸĽδɽ֮˵ͷȻȻըһⲻϨȴ£أȽȽ
ƻζ£תűж˵£ڿը飬·ɽ׹⾹뵽һ֮С
̶ŰƶȻһϣɫĽƾ£ھŵٴû˶
һ͵ȼĻ⣬΢ȴڴʱȸѴСŹĺâ俰ӽƣٿȻɻص˶ɽ֮˵ϡ
һСźڻ΢΢ǣȻĹˣа֮дŲſǵü֮µ˫Уɱ⣡
һ䣬ͷ˵ĸ߰ɽٵǽ۽֮Զ
ɽ֮ϣõӰȻڰ֮СһһŽƣǻʽΪһ塣ֻƬ̹һŰɴС߲ʽƼᷭ˿־£Ѹ
ϵ㸲£ʮ﷽ԲĺڴʱˣܵɽŲűһը죬ʮλԪӤʿµĽƣѲ֮Ȼ顣
ѣ̽
ͻȻʮ⣬ӴˡڰֹסΣ׿ηĽƣüͷ漴ȵɽ
ӴѱϣɽĸٵӰԽԪӤڵΪԸǷɣת˲֮䣬ɽ֮һ̵ķ󷨡
ۻҵһУСŵʿȻɫٲţӶˣ
԰ôһʥرҪȽٵСֻ߶ɽ٣Ǳ߾Ҫŵ֮ŭˣ
Ⱥ֮Уӵüëһץͷϵ亹ð˳ʱĺڲǧ򲻸ãС˵رչأ
Ƚе㶯ûʲôôŵĴڣʱ벻ѰټСܴ˳Ӯúɾ֮Уɳûǿѹ鶦һͷٿʦ߿һۡ
˵СΥأСаȻһ̧֡գռ˵ĻԼ㣬һõĺ¶
ɡСǶɽҪͱĻϷɶⲻ𰡣ˣԪӤˣˣٴ˶ܲ
ԶץӣٳԳǰԾ̾ѡϵµһ󶯾˲Ϊ֮ݣһòСĪ츳ɣȻħ˫أдˣ
һԵȻ֮࣬ѶǶɽ֮ͶĿľۣʦֵɫ˸ҧ촽ס̾һ
Χ۵ʿ֮УһȻѻԶ֮Уοĵǣ
ֵ֣ܣһŮӽǰС
΢΢ף¶Цݣǽδֵܡ
˰㾪׵٣ԪӤڵʿ޷ܰ㿴Ůӹ˲ö˵ָ̧ȥ
Ų»ɽ󷨵һ̣ڵɽ֮ϣٿȻðһӰһƮݣȻһɲӰһ϶һݣһӡڻ𣬻Ȼһ󸫣ɱ
֮˻ӱ۳·һץֻˮһ°ݣȻӿһʮɸߵˮнкХ


665 Ӥ
һŰɴС߲ʽƣǧɸ߿ռת·˻ɽܵɽǷɳʯǡرڼ
ٵͷذɸߴ˲Ȼ壡
Ƶת죬ǣ֮£Сĺ¡¡Ϣ֮к¡
߲ʵĽƣֱࡢ𡢺졢ϡڣε֣Ȼһɲһˮ״ϸ߲׻ۡһ׹
ڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣ·Ϊǻ֮ڿն𣬻ӱ֮䣬ҫʮѽȻֶȥһ˲󣬸޸ֳƥĽף
䡪
յձ٣һž޴Ļը﷽Բ֮ھΪҫ۵Ĺâ֡ױ裬ڣ׹׹£ܵڶʱһƬɽʯ飬ɽѿһ϶
ﻹѰĽףǻǰνȫ֮ı
֮УӰأԲ׹
ãƷŭãյйʱзֺͣЪ
ۡۡۡ
쳹أһ͹һһһĽк¡󡢾޸֡
䡢䡢䡭
ҵĺǧĿĹâƵۣǿϯƵΧ۵㣬׷ܡһƬǽ壬ɽȻ̮
״ӲҴ⣬ٵȵ󷨡
󣬰˵£ȴӰƣڴʱǰɵĽƺȼȻʮɴСܻŹ߲ʹâŷ֮ƣ죬ݺ
һХҰһ˻ӶɳĽâȥ
һ˷һ
һһ˴߶޸ң
䡢䡢䡱
رɫɽѡ

֪ʱһкðһ߲ʹâӿնס·Ӱ
ʶɼϵ£ڵ㼯ӿӰڡӰʵԵΪȻڴʱ
һʱ֮󣬽۽֮˵ΪԪӤСɡɣԪӤڵԲͷȴڴ˿ǿ˫ͬ˫ֽգ
ֱ˵ΪԪӤԲ֮󣬱˴ɿ˫֡һâӰ˲Ϣ䣬ֱӳǴյĶ֮С
ϼ죡ƻ֮£һƬҡ
СŵʿԼͬߣһĿɿڴܵɽ嶫ᣬǱٵĻڡǺ棿ﻹк棬ֻѿӵĺףǽ岻̹࣬˵ǰˮѲӰ
ָ鲻һ㡣һ˽ӤǷ˼Ӥ֮ʼΪԪӤڵԲ಻ţǰģ֤ͬλõһУ
ֻ߸ϵţ˿֮ĴڰҪùˡ
ӶȺ棬أԾδͷǺ׵ѿڣ׵Ԩס̾һඣ¿ҪඣĪ˵ȥ˹ͷ
ٹŵӱѷȥֻԶʿǰ
ԶԶ޴ģԶ̤ĺߣޱ˵۵ӳʮգǰλͬһ֣һ仰˵ֻ꣬ܣʵǶȽ֮Ժźɣ뱨
˴㵣ôˣ˻۵᲻˵ٻŲ𷣣ôָɻʰβ»ôв⣬ȴ˸ȥɣ
һУӲɵһĺƮӼת£æԽڶԶңң񣬴λʦֵĻɽ֮ˣɽŵһ±ǡʦӣǺǣ
ӼѿЦݣķ񡣶ȣΪͦ
ԶƳһӣ΢΢ףתﳤȥ
ǺǣԹ˸ЦתֱǽյĶǰϥڳļ
֮ڣеһһǰչʱģ̬Ȼ˫ĿգһֻһԳмʯǰڷһѿտյĵƿ
㣬ֹȥգһüʣڻ˫ۣɵĳâһ¶һĨЦݡ
ɽٵ֮ڵһа֮У˫ĿС˶ϥ
ǽ۽֮ˣΪҽΪӤ
ȴŷɫ֮ͬ⣬Ӥһ޶¡ֻ͸ԵĿ˭һְһĸֽǣС֮֮ǽΪԪӤڵԲ
֮ʱΪңңȡʴˣɽٹһѹƣһӤΪ˻һͻԪӤڽ¡
Ӥǿ֮£ԪӤͬΪο
ħС˶ɳΪħӤ˫ֽӡǰһ⣬Թ졣
ħڣħޣʮɵһӤν֮ϲСħӡͨ˾ĵƻ𣡶ɱأ֪ħʹȻһ˵һ档
ԪӤϥ˫ССĽ̬ͶȻŻ̬һһģһɳ֮ΪӤ
Ӥܻ壬ѿʹʮѷɽġ콣󡷡ˣ޷࣬һĴڣӤѪͨ
һܸܵӤĲͬǡɵԵʣʵΪԪӤڣк¶ݵơ
ԪӤĺô٣дᣬʵĸܣĪһı仯ǺֵĽɫţ֫ΪļӲǴִ͵ľ֮УļϢĺѸͶǿ
Ծһʱһֲ¡
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ʮߵףëȻбףȻӤԺֻΪҡ
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СӣϲɺءʶУĵԵʮ㣬ͷ
Ƚ֮ʱλǳһҡͷЦ˿ѵһ
۹ʶ֮Ļ͸ŵ⣬Լҡ
һŶ⣬ԭΪԼڸˣЩסʵ˻ν⣿
ΪܵЦЦȴֺ˵ɾ֮ƣһӤ֮ף
һüһʵĪĸˣħȫ޲ɣҪ֪ҵħӤ֮żȻ
ȻˣħȫޣܳΪǸ֮еĸˣءޣ˿ڣ޵ǲޣޣҼסˡ
һӦֵ֮żȻħӤɲڤڤ֮е⡭
ʱĻ޴׷һû̵ֽħڣĵƻȻɵף֪кΣ
ͷϣ˵֣졢ءģػ壬˻֮жΪ̫Ǿɻ֮жΪ֮ɷ׻˻֮зپ֮ܡõһƻǵУɷ׻𰡣׻֮ԴڣɵɽףѰ
һȻһϲʮ֣֮Ϊףɷ׻֪֮
˵ɷ׻ֻǵ֣Ϊ׳󣬲ſչ
лĴͽ̣һʵлԷЦ䣬ǺĽһʵȴǲˣɲҰ
֪Уǹȥ֪꣡۵ˣһͷһˡ
ɽ֮ʱ𣬿βһ֪ɽѵһС
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ٻĿĵΣܲǣһҪ֮ʱȴסˡ
ʶ̮ɽ御ԻָԭòǸɺԵǱ̲ɡ
һԴ㵣Ѵ󲽳˽üɫعЦʦܿɳˣϸҺ밡
ϸ磿һ۹⿴ļλֻζؽ˵һӤƣǲ˰һӤӤʼһٳԲΪĿŵĸˣǶʦܵΪмӣʩչͨ
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ˣһ۵ֽɡǱЦУɫޡ⻹һλ̬ϵߣԪӤڵΪòķŮŵɫ۵ӵһᰳǵĳŴˡ
ֿɺãһȳֽЦŴ˸кԷº͵ЦЦԡ
۹ӹֽϽ«ʱһͷһȴɫ䣬漴ֳ˹֣
ᰳᰵЯȮСŮǰݻֵѣȳƽֹȡһһŮ˵硢ƣֵѣ
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ѷΪӳ˼ڵϣЦǿͣλСƬ̣һʢкţڽ˵Ц
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йһӤţڶ̶ձ㴫ݵĴСšһĴ˲֪˲⣬紫ſȻĴ᲻Խأ
Ų²֮ʣһЩС˽ύ֮ġһӺæµæֺţ
ƫһССţйķ⣿
Ӯδ֮ʱǽһĶǣմ׬һ֮ǿ˫
֮ΪԼһضӮˣ
ֽɴᰳǰݷãǡһȥ󷨳֮ʡ
һĹᰵ˸ǣֽǱһӼֵл˵ʶȤȥ
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ֱ֮ʱֽûյǰɣֻǴο飬ĬĬЦǳü䣬ڲ¶İˡ
һֽ˵ͷץ̳ӱ͹ˮ죬ʪ½Ȼֱһ̳ӾƼ˵ףųһھ˫Ŀ΢졣
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ᰳǹгǸҹǰֽɸδɱˣԴ빫ұɶʡԷȴǲϰݣħɷŵһѰƲݣĹڣѰʲô
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Ī˵֪һȥ򣬱ֽ֪ԸӹұɵԷٰ϶ĹȺ۸أԲġٲ˻ǰ಻סճֳһˡ
Ϊȥͽ֮ĹȻ˭δ꣬ұɴħɷŵӤˡһضԷڣҪΪȥ𣬻ҪΪ˵ĵָ˵
ƵҩǾѹĻ㽫һ񡣶ơ쵤㺱ĵҩǲзֺĴ⡣
εɧţⵤҩȥ
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֮󣬰ٲ˵յȬֽɴϲæʦٴ
һˣг̣Ĳֲ޹ϵʿͬˣǶһԪ˵Ϊ
ٲƴһǶ֮ǽ֮ӹǴǰ֪µģǶԡ쵤ƶڻȻûеƿ;˥ߣʣ
֮󣬡쵤ƴ󹦸ɣֽΪϲæߴʦµҩ
һʹðٲ˽ƣǺοŵӵԸһҩ
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֮µֽɣʦе֪쵤٣ľԵʡ縲ˮգ㣬ѷǵҩ֮ܿء
ǹұɧţͬΪԪӤڵӤѣʦ˼ܴᵢ˶գ˴ֽ˫ĿᣡЦһóƿ˵Ǻǣͽеҩȴ޴Ӽ죡Һް
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ұļֶ֮֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
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ֽɽ˵꣬һ⡣⣬ɵ˵Сڣֳ֣
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ǰһֽ˵һ޵ĻһҹľơԷеһЩȤţֲҪӤ鹦ĪйŵľգǱܶᡣ
ֵܽȣȴʣһ͸׽ԼֳĹȵĵԨԴһУʹֽΪοİ֮ࡣ
գһ½ʶ˼СеԪӤʿΪڵ鶦ֻһŵأʹΪʧ䡣
ӵıԹлϤڶһǿɶĶħɷŵĹұɡԴˣһÿɷֻǵ˵˾䣬ԩ·խ
ӻǶԼĶܴʤ֣ʦܣ˼˵ԼһӤ
֮ٴٺһǲ˵˴ͨ˻ٻ뵱࣬ϵҡɼµָûʮϰǲˡ
⣬ǸߵͲβĶǰһӰһһɲʶȻЩСŵʿȻһˡҪǸ˵ģ˭ǰı¡
ܣһ̬ݡϥͷȴǰΡԴԺݲʶһߣ޼Ҳ
ͻȻһǿʶӹߣһͷһɫмܻס¡ת塪
һ죬֮£Ǹߴɽɣѱݡ

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ĻĹУֽת׿ȥ벻ԶĿӣ˴ȻһЦ
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һԷŵӮδϣȴתӣƻζŷŵһƣֺ˼ʲôǡ֮֮õã꣬԰ں֮ϣ俴һǰӰ̧°͡
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ұɻǿŲ¶ͷһǣıģЦɱӣҪɱ˸Σǹұƽ֪нյ³һĿ
ⷬͬѵӣݺ˹ұɵͷϡĻʱ޿̡ƤڣŭɶƿСӣɱ㡭
һЦֳȻתбұɣɱм˵ǷͨÿɱˣһΪĪùˣֻ͡


668 ǰѺ
һĳ֣ⳡӳʮյĶ˱Ϊ
һӤʮյˣԵһȷ˶ְ֣ڳǿļҪսΪͬ
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һӤ˲𰡣޵𣿵ŵ³δ֪ٵݵĴСţԪӤڵĸΣ粽У
ʶһˣսԪӤͰˣǷĻѵĿǰڳĸԿ
⣬ұɺôħɷſõһ۱ƣǼλͬŵҲסˡӤ𺣬ߴٵұ£Ī׹ħɷŵͷ
֮νƱǿѲɵùұȥϸ롣һȻѣʵ˷ʤ۽ǳ鴤ţ͵˺룬ּ̧һڵԲ飬ҧг޳С
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СӾ֮ǿһ֮£·磬ʹùұɫһ䡣ͷҵ·ɽ裬߶ɷ硱ʩ֣
һǣͷɱʢ
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ұ϶һУǸ˽ʱˣ
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䡪һУɷķѣǿȻϮ޴Ӷܡһ顱һ£ұԳ֣͵ص˳ȥھ֮УӰΣһٴ˴һѪ˻䡭
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⻹ǵд𣿿ΣһҪɱ˰
ڴʱܵλŵߣԼͬһ㣬һƾճ֣ƴɱ֮еˡ
顪һ죬Ǻݺµ˽ơλԪӤڵʿͬʱ֣ǿ⧲֮£һ˫͵һֶ
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ۿų˫ֿտյһͻȻ˫üѪȻĺŭ𣺡ұ϶Ҫɱ㣬
δֹһǷ裬ڷ֮УŨضϢɱ⣡Ȼ䣬˫ּ裬ʮ־δЪʮ־һ־˲ϢӡδзֺĳɣȻ졢ءħӡ
֮ϣȻһ׹ľ޸ɱ޿ƥеƣȻеĹұɡ

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ĻкѣȴԴš붼챻вֻ֪֣ɵɵصӣʧһĬĬ߶ţʦܣҪϸҵСĪң
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źֽѳ˳ǰ׾Ƥŭ뽹ǵͨ졣Ҵλ˹ΪָӤ߳ĹħɷͬԹ޳빫ұΪžݣʦ
һתֳֽŵļλ˵ʦĹȵİٲӣһԵ֪ħɷȴʦԪ֮ʱŶƣʹ˼ضɣһֵܣȻҪΪֳֻعɱ޹λ
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ݵĴСţ˴˼䲢һźͻǷǷǣŵλʿϾᣬĮȻأԽסһûҪ˵ļ
Χ֮Уһɫ䣬ǴķƣȻħɷŵ侮ʯܲΪȻЦţȴǳԶֽʾ֣ҪΪСܵǣذɣ
ֽæҪ˵һתӤĵ˵ɱߣ˹ұɣ޻Ĺȣʵֲɸ֮⡭
һɺԣΪҪ㡭Ӥŭ߳һ˵ʵ飬俴Ƕ
һüһ˵벻ţҺθɣһ͸ɭɭɱ⣬ֵĹȣۣħɷʶôݹ顭
Ӥͷûһ漴ŭħɷŴǧ꣬˵ҪЮָֻŵغλʦ֣Сӡ
뼸λͬʾ⣬һŹȣ֮Ѻ󻼣԰գͬʱ־֮ڹâʢ


669 ܲ
Ĺȣۣ
һԪӤڵʿ˵仰жķ⣡
Զȴͷһᣬţͬ۰
ʦܣĪǹϸûͦ𣿹أҲ
ӽҪվȴŵôͷŵλͬʱѣʦΣӣ
ʮɷԲĽ֮ڣâʢ̼䣬ۻǿƳһ˹ȥ
ŵˣԪӤԲΪͬʱֵʵˣ֮ڣ˻ǰ֮⣬κһ˶ڽӣ
ڴΣ֮ʱȴһ΢Ĺâ˲ԭʧȥӰһ漴Σڶ
ȻһڵĶ֮У͵شܳһӰһСڶвµķó䱾ʩչѽ֮δֺɣٿȻһȥ
һвĹ򣬿ĿϾӣǸһȻܴĽ֮дʵϣ
˶ΪһҪȥ֮ʱȴٽŵɽһȻʮӰٴֲһƣ
顪һ֮УеһӰ䲢޻ңȻһѽ𽣡
ͬʱĸԪӤڵʿ׷
ֵǰº׷Σͷһ˫üֱһ񣬽𽣡ˡһ±ɳĽâ̼䣬ϵǽâȻը˵ɱľȥ·˱ɫ
˭ȥ·һŭһ˫ֳֽԾ𣬱Բ赲֮һ·
ǡڴʱһԽڶæ˵ֵѣס֡
ڰ֮УһնĽâһȻ˫âɱ磬ʹöԷҵֽ˵Ȼ֣֮л˵
˵֮һؾ縵Ʈݣֹţȳȣϻε飬ȴ⣡ʮԪӤڵʿǲ½סȥ·һͬɱʱ׷Զλʿͣ
ܣһȻָ֮⣿Ǻˣ
ַףԴһҡͷ漴ɫ˵ŵԶʦֵ֮ǰȥһ
ŵӵʦǻǰɣҪԼһأ԰Ȼգȴüͷ壬طʵǲȥأǲǶȱҪһӿϡ
⡭ʦδԸǼ֮󣬻ִȥȻǿԶ˵ţ׹һö
һСģֳֽץס꣬ŵضеɫȻת֮䣬ƻɢȥ
״Զһ΢¡漴ҡҡͷʾ⡣ǰͬǴŲ飬ȴȥ
Ƭ֮һϵлع˼δϵĽâʧƾһǰǰݡ
ԶͷһȻЦֵѿӦˣԷĬϣֵһæұһ飡
԰գԶֱȥ
һ߬´ǻ·ʿȥһͷдɻȴǽŲһԶ󻺻С
֮䣬Զһٴλص֮ϡྪĿ⣬ӶԹ˵ħɷŵĹұɣʿͼ죬ҳ֮ǰΪһɱӦãλͬΪ˼ƽϣ۵Խ
ͻתһеһУʴӣ
˻ȻʧĬȻǸһֻˣ˫֣ʮһµģˣӵͽܻΪ·ʲô˽ս˶Ĺز˵ɱ˻ŵĴæ
ŵӵĻм٣
ħɷŵӤ뼸λͬתֶǸһɵһһɵҪСӲɣȻŵΪ俪𣡹ұɲʿ˵
ӤвޣԶĻȴ޴ɣֻƺһһǻԹ£ħɷŴ˴ʧСӵԵʡ
Թޣ˾ϲ
ôһĹֽɵͷǺϺµͣеǣңǣң˼һʵѰת֮䣬һȻϲ⣡ֵܰȻãŵǻԵ
뿪˶ǰŰɵӰͷһʯͨʵ
ʦܲͣȴ͸䣬зǱѰĸơŵԶվһ಻ֵɰ
ֵܣǴ󸻴֮ˣ볣˵ǰΣ޽֣ȴܷƸ꣬ת֮תΣΪʵ˼ѽ
ʶ֮ŵĸ֮һ޶۹⣬ʦܺ⣡ǵݵһţҪˮǴߣ
ϲ¾ˬӿ֣
һĶӮˣĵıһĶǣӮʱпޱ߰
˸ɫ飬ԶδأԽ˵⣬һΪ죬붷ʧʡʴˣڵΪء
˴һʾ£ԶԷ塣
Գ˼һ̧ͷԶıӰִ۹ɨһŵסħɷŵǼͣ٣ֽӹֹ֡ĬĬ⣬°̧תԶȥ
ʦܣӣԵôЦһıӰִ֣Ź뿴˵Ķ鶦ſɲôඣɾ֮Уͬźã
ĬȻʧ񣬺һһЦ֮ޣȥȥɾ£
ûȤӣü۵ڨڨһЦ

һԶ£ԷóһȥԶ۲״ɽŤ£漴һڵ
ֵѣ룡ԶһƳһ۶Էɣ̧˽ȥ
һԴĿŨʹһβһ٣ס̧ͷȥɽֱΡ룬ǰȻ죡˲ʮԶԶʵأأԶΣΪ˵ŵڣвͬ
Զ뼸ӭĵӰڰ֣ɽߴȥȻˣһֻĬĬ档һԽһƬһɽ´
˴ΪУһѭ׶аɣԶ˵ǲ²һӳȵƣ
ɽУƴ߹ɽʯϣƮ֪գ
󣬶һʯͤڡǰеԶתʯݵĸߴʾֵѿȥ
һʼڶԷļԶ׺Уͣ½ŲüͷʵѺֹǰ
óټҿɲԽ֮٣ԶҡҡͷԷɫǣֵֵѲضģȥǣѣֺһ٣
һʯףʶİɸߴһ鲻Զһ£תԶ˵ǻΪǰţ಻οỺĻУ޸ֵ֮⡣
һԶ˵Ҳǲ֮ˣҪлѵһ⡭
һֹçײ֮ˣ˵͵ĻԶ΢㵣ת峺˫̬ɵðҡͷ⻹Ǹ֪ߵغ
ðһ䣬Ժδһ̧֣öе
Զͷ˵ʦת֮սұ֮ʱ˼ұԸɳҪ㡭
ԣһͷֻޣסͿԷ˵ʦ˵֮ҳһв˼ϣȻĴϵѣȴڼ֮ʱǺǣ֪ıЩв֮㲻ȥʦ
˫һ̯ԶڳԾڴ˵ӡ
ĬȻƬ̣˼һתɽʯݡһɽϮܲ
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670 ԭ
ѭɽʯݣһʰ׶ϡ
ǶڰԶһȴɽһ㣬һһʯףŲæȥͷȴأɽƮ첻֮У׽
Զ˵Ĳкζ⣡뷢ѣ
ԴӶɽٻ֮ŵľٶʵϡһǸС΢֮ˣ쳣Ϊһв
һӤźɴ˸˵ʹŶһһ档˲²⣬ƺϺһǻԸˡ٣һ˴δһֱдŵ⣬ȴʼղҪ졣
ֻһǣһ˫۾ʼڰжԼâڱںλλˣһ޷ԽĸˣԼôСΪ
ɽٽӤ֮һֽ˵̸˵أɵ鱳ȴһֱСĶ
ϤұɵĶ֮һ㶯ɱġΨһ֪ԼĳˣһֱûŹԼδݻ
֮˾ϡ۵˽׮Թһʱ
˾٣çײɣػĪĺ󻼣ȴֲáұ˷֮Ժɱ£ֻȻ֣ſ϶ʤˣɱĹ֮𣬻ɰγһ
óȻɱˣض˶˹أյһ˵òʰǸʱžԹۣؽǣλĸ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ģˮˣٳûϰ֮󼪣ôЩһʵˡ
һӵöʱ򣬲ɵõ߸֮ǰĲ²⡣֪ԶʦʱٴαúͿףҿյףһֽϡ
ʯݵİɾͷڵһ䶴Ŵ󿪣δ
һǰδΣ˳˵ɡ
һĹˡ뵣Զ޼ʣ˼䣬Զ˳ȴ֪ǰкδ
˶һ߽˶ܿӭŵ϶ŵŵӣŲɫ
һ֣һ˵һǰʩ֮ʱȴӦô֡һʱ֮䣬֮͸ĪĹ죡
ֱƬ֮һأһδв͵顣ʱӻ˵ؾ񣡡
лǰл֮һֱ̬ݶֹ˳ȣһ˵֮ϣ֮ſ˲Ŀʱ˰
һɫ䣬˵ΪΪڴڱˣֻҰˣ
ŶŶΪ͵ĵͷ¶ЩЦ⣬˵ǱңȡӣһƫƧСⷬ׵ʵⰡ
һȴͷһסƴ˶Էһ֮ۡǰδӣ֪Լ빫ұɽ򣿲ˣ֪ԼһС
£ʵǰƽ֪ǰӺδõö򣿡˵ţ̯֮Զתö
Ӳʣʶô
һ˵ͷ˵ǱƵ᲻ϵã֮ԣʵ򱾲óھݣóӵǰǧ߼ȴǲ͵һ𣬲ܲΪ֮Ȼ
ĶãԺ˵٣㡭һתºѯĿʵ֮ħ޵ĹԺźɣɷ˵أ
һ˼˵ҵΪ֮ħޣΪáʶһӤżȻ
֮żȻ֮󰡣ҡͷ̾ȴپʹ׷ǺǺЦ£ʦְʵϲһ˵ɡ
ڻһˣһ½סһ䱸ȴӲΪȻһ䣬һԵʯͻȻŤ£߳һӰ
״һɵõɴ۾
Ǻǣֵܱ񣿡
֮ǰһЦ̶˦󲽣ζ˶˹ϵòϾǵЦݣȴǶ˼İƣ˲С
֮Уһʧ㣿
ÿ˵ط˺һƨЦӱңұǳӣٺ٣Сû뵽ɣ
һ´ֵʿҡͷⲻǳ˭ǸԺζ֮ˣһ黫ɢޣȻڳ˾ݵһ֮С
ǡڴʱһԣǳųӹ֣ЦʦУ˴죬ǹһ˵ʦұʧˡ԰գӰһʧˡ
Σһһʦ֣Ӿǻǰӵʦ֣Ȼ֮УǰĲ²ӡ֤ͷһɢȥֻǣֽ𡭡
֮УϥϣЦⲻһԭأתȴֲ֪Ǻã
˵ϱǲǷģںϵһؼ㣬ռұˡӶһľ̬δȴ˵ڴĵʱˣֻҪұҪù׷ˣ֮ҵ۵ᣬඡ
һƿԣԷǺٺһ֣ǿض£ֳԳ˭Բأ˵ʲôڴڱˣֻҰˡôˣʦ٩٩̸λˣȴһԲǲ֪밡
ϴϷʵЦݣӽָյ̬֮£һɬ죬˵лǰĿ
ӹȵ˵ף㻹Ǹ֮ˣҵǿţһΣָ¸Цһ϶⣬ֵһǻһֵܣΣ
Ϊӵʦ֣ʱĳȴֻԪӤڵΪһֵܣҲǡ֡
һˣӺڣֽŵЩͽͽںεأÿɷǣҡͷ
һϵЦɣȴǸпͷβ֮ʱ֮󣬻ˣ˵ʵƾ˷ٶ㵱ҳƺһֵܣ
ԣһе¶һĨЦݣԭĳӱʣڲԹɫ˵Ļǲ⡣
֮УΪһӡ֮ãȴǻ˶ԷļĻڵķ֮󣬱˴˷֮δꡣ
һӡʵӶԷϵõٺöƩ磬һ
һ꣬һӴ̷شġϤλԪӤʿһִһ֮һˣǸһﲻϣңš֮ĳӡ漴ִͷһԾɫʿǱصĸأ
ֱգԶó֮ʱһһӵĶݲ֮Уɵ˴ĵǼ£еŵ׮ǧԹԼ֮УһеĲ²˿ܣ
ɵԶӵʱһֺͿˣ
Ǹŵĸˣ˭
֮ݶеçײ֮٣ֽһ֮У࣬޲͸Ī⣬תȥ
ʴˣһֳֻͱš
Ƭ֮һָ˳̬˵Ҽ޶ԣ಻ˡ
¶Цݣ˵ζ֮ʱ˵װģȴĲȻαռ˱أĻЩģȴԹֵܱԲʧұԩкη
˴һӣ̳ƣʱ¶ߵģкֵܣɵվŰһ̳Ͼϲ꣬䵱껼飡ܹҪúˣ


671 
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ºɽ۵ᵽβ
ϵһ֮Уеһ˫ۣ¶һĨεЦݣվԴӼ˳֮û¹ɽһǲپ֮ϵĶһ
ҡҡͷһ߳˶ѭǰʯȥһ֮ǴʯͤһһŮٷԶһȥģϵʦáȲӣԶһϵۻƳȹòŮӣǰߵʦġ
δһ߽ԷתԶЦֵѣʦʱ򣬻Ϊʺһ
ﲻţһأΨӿ롣˲ֶͬһ˿ڴ˴ȥ硣ˣһ
λľ⣬һΪתԶĹ֣һȥӰû֮С
λֵᣬ½ԪӤΪʦĹʾأҪ֪ջҵأձŵϱĪǣ紫˵еǰ桭˵Ż޶˵ɫУЩɻ
һֱæžޣԼ֪࣬йһһУǵ֪ͬʦֵܵĿСűǴţŷ
ԶЦ£ʵҵΪɷһɱԪӤڵͬڣҡͷܣλֵѽӤ֮һкɱԪӤڵĹұɣĴϵ֮´ѡʱ龰ΪֿĿðĪ˵һӤ죬Ƿ˼ֶα̾Ϊֱֹʦ˽Ҳųˣȴλʦľʶ
ʦһ˵ͷԼĺ⣬յʶһźã˵ʦΪͨ죬ʶ֮˶Ȼףλֲֵ£Ϊ£
ǺǣʦƣֺγǼأԶַףָȻƣÿˣʦơ

һһ⣬ơ
̳ƣءҪûˣһӵĶ֮󣬻һ˦Ŷڵĵϳ˰̳ġǧ𥡱
˹ȥĻ飬ȴǵ˹ϵĲؾ㡣
һʱóˡǧ𥡱һ漴⡣ţȥжپ಻Էʱǽ켣ڷ׼ĵ֮꣬ص಻Ϊ֪Ĺȥ
˵ĵεΣᴩǧ£ϵŴŵ˥ɾǷǷǣеŵĶԹһУһ֪ȴ޴֪òһ̳̳ϡ
ǧ֮ǰӱŵĻʿһκɾ֮Уŵŵ֪̽ɾĴڡշת֮£˸ԴµѰ˴ġ
Ǹʱ򣬴ĵûи֣˵ĵ⾪ŵӡλʦֻԪӤڵΪĸԵӦаֵĲ
֮󣬽ɾ֮ʱŵӼʶȤδᡣ
ӵɾͼ׵ıѰڡŵпķţһԺɾĽ𽣡
ִ֮ŷһرĵط
ƣƺ棬Ʋģ
бɵãŵ˴ģһȡԼΪŲ㣬λȡɵȶƳһĽơ
νԼſռ˴ˣŵĳ֪ԿԹŵ仯񲻾ãΪԲһδ㡣ԷдŵĽ𽣣߬Ѱ;˲òӵԵɡ
㣬ŵȡ˴һıӱƨɺƿĽƣֱõˡѰ䡱֡һӡšĻ
ŵõʲô޴֪ɳΪԷѰҪĶһУҪеıˣ
ڳӼ̤ϴ˲ʱͻ͵Ϯ⧲֮£ŵĵ˴䱾˴
Ʋѣֻ뿪ŵӴ˽׷ᣬȻҪϾɱԳ󻼣ʱΣŻ˴ĵЩСʿһԶԶܣΨǻŵ֮󼪣
ɾԳأѻǲף˵ǰ׺ݶ飡ۿ죬ֻƴն˵ŵļ֮ز֧
״ŵӳûʹɱ֣
ΣͷӲаֵĽ֮ġԱ֮ȻȥһɲشŵӣԪѿǣһ
ŵΪֿԼΪãҴȥǱȡ߲㱦ٴηٴα򿪵ʱǧ֮ˡ
ɷƣԪ겻˵ֻҪԪڣĻᣡ˵ɣô׵飡֮ǰĳֻлڵΪϼѣ
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ֱ߰˰ȥˣġΪʹж磬ȴؾݡǺɴԶԶ⣬һŵնɱһ뷨ӻָԭΪ
þ˸ָķӣӵΪȻûɫˣֻ־ˡԲڷ׼Ե֣Ҳң
ϷΡиѰһŵУϤһζɾҩɽɴϲֻΪٴǰɾܲΪİΣúüƽһ
һɺǳ׼شĵʱǰߺ޽˸Ӵ򲻵һȥ˭һǺǳǷǣ֮һС
ɾ֮еǰ󣬳ٴμһ䱾Сӣ˭֮£˻档
ӣĻˣΪԻ쳣һΪΡ˲޶У˺档
һѰ˰ˣδһ棬ɵһ;δߵþԶȻ˴˼йһԵӱ䱻Էռһһεıˡ
ɾ֮Уӽźɽʿݲ伣֮ʱһֲҪȡ
֮νΣֱģѼ飡
ΪˣӶָ߿һۡ


672 н
ɾ֮кһǰﲢȻһ£˴ģͬӴ˺һӡ
СӵԴһΪƫƧطСӣɾ֮гΪʿֺεºܡкֶȥأΨһԵɣСŵӵĽ𽣣
һմȡʲôӲ⡣Ϊ֮ǣĪŵ˱ʣȻأ
󲻾ãӻײһǸʱƭȡһ׵ĵָֻۣΪԷǱ׷ɱϦʶΪԼҰΣƣǼһʱ˵£㱻һԣġĻСӡ
ӻָԪӤΪҪ֮±ȥѰһ˭룬СӱŽʮһӳ²Ķֻ̼֮öթᣬһڴط޳ͷ֮հ֪ǧĻ޴йĵλԪӤʿ̫Ŀˣһŭ֮£Էһˡ֮ת˾ݣŵϤŵʧǧ֮á
ʱӼΡŵӵԵʣûѰŵ鷳
Ϊˣʵ˲ꡣֱԼʦֽһŷأһˮʯ
ܴ裬ޣʦӰһϼƣɽ۵ᣬȴǸĵĹͻȻð˳ٻһӤ֮ʢ
Ȼϳһ㵹漴ϲΪⱲСˣ˭˼ԼˡѶ϶ԷϱпĽ𽣣ؽ֪ŵӵͬ;ȵȡ
ŶԹȥǸһΪ˱ԵϤӱʦ˼ƽϡԷսұ֮ʱȻ²еԵɣݴ˷ԸȥԷ䡣СӲֶθǿڵŷ٣ǲǸСˡȻֻ½Ľһˣ
һϤ֣ԳӵĿСԷδ£϶˵˲ٶһһͷ
ɴ˲Ѳ²⣬Ǵӳŵӵ֪˾ݵĴڡλŵʦѰ˾֮󣬼ţ˺ɾ֮С
ںɾ֮УǵŵŵʣʹϵĶͬǰѽΪá便ʲôһ֪
ñʱ˵Ķʺޣһ·׷ɱĵ޶ʱزζɡϵĶֱԪ˻ȡղ˴̵Ԫۡ
˭뵽ŵĶԹǧ֮һƫƧĪĹϵأ
ʱһƬµҶʾżڵĸ棡䴵һ磬صıã
һֱųɣһȴǺἰһСڵ˵ʱ
һó˰̳ӵĲؾƣǰһŲ¸̬ӣʾԷһԣŽһЦ˵Һȹľưֵܣ㻹ж̳ó
ĪǰˣһҡͷЦɽ֮󣬶ѰһЩǡ
ȻϻдЦ֮󣬳ֺʵɽ֮󣬺ɾ㽫УΪҪȥأ
һ˵۵֮ٽɷĹȣ˳ݼٲ
ԭˣӻȻ漴ĹȵǶݼٲΪӦ֮塣㻹ǵǸֳİΣ
ӵ£һرܣ˵ͷԼԵʣĹħɷŽ䰭֮ݣȴѱԺ
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һһЦȵıһ̣㲻ɣһӵϳһѶʯŵӵƣеҩѥ𻵵۵ȵȡ
ŵǧǰݣڴĵ޶֮СѰźõŵ֮һɫ̹˵ǰѽµĵӣڵ۵ʦ˽ѳҷꡭ
׿еľ̳ӣɫ
һŵ֮ϣһһ棬ұƱݣΪ׷ɱǰԭί֮⣬³ħڣһ˵˳ȴȥħڵܶᡣ
һһĻ˵ˡȴǳ¸¹Цֱ˾̳ӣŲ͹һδھˮпЦϵһ¡
ŵԣռһ°Сӡҡŷ˶ĴԴֲԽֵԭǾݶװ˵֮٣ȴˮƣΪһУ⣬ʵա
˵Ĵֲ򣬵һƬ֮ʱΨԼ֪ľڷȻѰűãƿؾգŽڽ֮䣬˼ֵ磡
ܵʵ˿οҳӲϡķŵµЩֻȥ˿ֵĳӣǼΪĴȣ걻һȥѰֽĻóɼģȴǸƽ֮ˡ
һȻţһЦ˵ʾ֮Գϣ֮ţ˾һߣ仹һɣȴδǿңοڸֵľݣһעľ֧гŵǰͶұںڴˣá
ʱת֮ʱδǼ¶ӿһϲɫֲΪػ˵ЩԹûȥֻ뽫еļöӡһݼɣ⣬ɽ֮ǰһл
һɽϴһգһ뿪塣ǰ㣬ŲδľٶݴСŵһУƴδ
һɽ֮ǰ䰵нһ֮󣬲һһ͡
һӵľһСƣΪʣģ⻪ɷǲһʵƣΪ֮˼䡣
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¡ʱ֣ɽĿԴ䣬һƬⰻȻ
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ܵĶСãнƷȴѼӰ
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ԶԶһվһ˴Цʦܣϸˡ
ת˲֮䣬һ˵ǰΣЦλȺ򣡡
˷ֱӡֽƣרڴ˵Ⱥһĵ
֮ǰһŵתĿе֪˴ζɽ鶦Žҹأ᰼ڵᰳ飻ֽɾ֮Уֵֻܻ㷵Ĺȡ
˴˼󣬲⺮˼䣬һ֪ᰳǵᰵһҪֽһءɽ⣬ֽЩ죬ȴ¶ĵЦݡ
һ̬ݣҲ쳣ӻǾź˼״ſʵʦܣһȥ²ӰΪĹ֪šǸ仰ﺬȴֽ
˺飬һ룬˵Ų޹ϸֻһλʶɽ̻˼ա
ѽȻ֮ϣӻȻ򣬽סһ˺˵һƲɱ˵أּʵλ˿ɷҪţ
һҡҡͷЦ˵űؽԪӤʿһ࣬һ١
ͻЦֱһӣϲʦǹźðͼңڡԸϧ˵ɵշһŵ
ʱ֮һ̷ֽĹȡ
鶦ŵ˽ڴ˴ޣӱû˻ȥ˼һҪߣҪһ̣ǧţֵջתʱϸҪһ̽ɾȵȡ
ñֽɵľתࡣȥ·飬ָյ⡣ƶΪ׽һһЦָ֮Լ
ŮӽӤ֮òĳΪĳȣֽɵϣ˴˵һˣ
һɽֱŵɽŶȥ
мҷŹ棬ɽ֮뿱ݡֽƣһûæҪǰ˵˭ҪóԼľʱȴһ
ֻһóһһαŵĸŵȴƵɺȻɫæ˺鼫ΪĹ
뿪ʱôһأһҡͷӻ˵˴ɣذɡ֮ͬ㵵ֽƵһЦȴɽŶȥ
ԶȥıӰź˼˻סԵõذЦʦܣ㻹˵ûйϸ𣬸ҿǲϡ
ֽ֮ƹ־һѰ˾Ӽƾ϶һʱ֮󣬱ѰϵĴɴֱᰳǡ
˵ᰳ֮ƽһֽȥ͡ʢȴֵֻܶǰȥ߶һаݻ֮⡣
ᰵֵܵãΪ֮ϲһֱЦ磬һؼһʱ˲ͬɫ̸ֹ࣬ж˼ֵľ⣡
ǰһӤ֮׿˴СšһֵĶٴ಻һԪӤڵʿˣݿһֵĵطĸ֮᰼ҵʱŰݻᣬڣȴ˾أ
һŭնԪӤڵĹұɣȻֱʮλԪӤʿȻ壬ֿɱʵڳΪ֮ݡŲ𷣣ɽ˾Ȳѣһˣ˵ֻԪӤڵΪ˭С
ôһݵ˵ŵãʹᰳǵ᰼ҸӶ֮ģⲻһڵĿ
ֽɵ棬С¶ƿһ᰼ദ
գһֽɴǱ᰼Ҹˣ뿪ᰳǣĹȡ
һ޵ľƣֻƵ΢;еֽĸߣЦᰳ꣬ȴĳΪֵܣǺǣǱ˴˵װ޼̬磬ֹƮݣ֮˩Űٲ˵Ͻ«էһһģмֵķ·
һֽɣһЦͷ˵ָһӼ䣬ݽꡭ
һΪǧǰһأǺǣֵܲʿ֪һݣ귽ΡֽЦʵ
һ˼̶˵ʱָͷӡ񣬵ǽתˣҡӦٶ˰ɣҲǾʿ
˽УУһһ˵ֽ̾ٶ޳ԪӤЩеݼӢ಻ˡֿǰʵֵԺδ
һЦһңԶƫƧĵطԼһ飬żǸ˵ھ˵ǲһƧʵ̫ܲķˣǰˡ
һǸֽɲΪȻذ˵Ժη㶼ҵֵܣйãĹȱ֮أӹɡֳ֮֮磬аݣег⣡
һͷȴֲ¡йعұΪĹ鷳ʹԼһУǣ̫ˣ̫£޴˵ڡھݵһգĹһյİǵڣĵڡ
ǲŸ·նлǼΪ٣СյĹ򣬶˱㽫·ۿžĹȲԶˣһкֽһȥơ
ιˣһüͷɱֽ֣ɲʵ
Ӥ֮һġͻͽֻһǧ﷽Բ֮ڵһо۵סʶ֮ǿʤԪӤڵʿѷµֽɿɱȡʶǰ쳣һ
һ˵в֪ߺ˺⣬СΪã
ԣֽæʶǰȥƬֻ̹ʿӭеΪԪӤڵΪһԪӤڵʿɫơǶ˺Էɵ
֮䣬˴಻ԶһֽڰվΣԷȴɫһʱǰС
һ۹ߵʱԷɫж֮⡣ͫ£ֽɿ󣬱㻺ǰ˼ع˵һˣ֪λȥηѽ
ֽɻ⣬˺֮ʣǿ˶Էģʲôɫ΢㵡
һæֻе£ɫԼľһתѿЦ˵ԭֵѣһᰡʦܲˣǺǣʹ˱Ǹ˵ɫвޣȴֲ棬ȴһҪͬȥ
ǺǣһŶԷЦһת䣬ɽר̸ĹΣλѿѽ


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Էһʵ⣬ɫ䣬㡭
ʲôҡһ˫üһڵɽһ𲻹£治ʶΪҲϵħɷţ˹ڴ˴Ī˵ΪĹȶ
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ˣֽ˶ԷĲͼԷߺ
һգ˫ԣͱˣһմͬơ
龽ȣ֧һΪԷֻһ˶ԻɽǱµĺʱ֮޶֤˭಻ܽⳡǣԼҵͷҪ֪ݵʿɴŵɽأ
³⣬ǸһǸһ·ˡɽʱ߿ڳ¿أʶԷİԵ㣡СӺƲϵԼңܼ֮һ֮ͬŵʦ˵ԷͷȴЩޣ߳ŭؽΪĹȶΣ㲻ͬԪӤڵΪԸ˵ſ񣡡
âһһǳ޷ԶɱЦ˱ãȾȡδ䣬ٿȻһſ˽Ȼǧˡ߼״ͷһţ߻ȴֽסŶԷ˫֣ٴμһ־Ǻ˵Ĵͷ
뵱գͷͬһĿɲΪ֮𺧰
һɽ֮󣬲δʩչħӡȴֱȥֱָ̧һԷ䲢δɱУͷһæ·ݺӭ
ֻɲǣͻ־ݣŵصɴ˫ۡķɽȥһͣڡ䡱һ֮б˳ȥһ΢ĺڻȴǵ˸ǰ֮ȴϢơ
ڴһ˲һڻȻ£Ǳ˿˿˸ĳһ棬з޴赲Ѹͣŵ˸εѡ߾״вܣѱһűȼĻɡûкпֻţֻǡ顱һ£ɢȥһɫʬм׹䣬Ǭδ⡭
ɷ׻СţԵ
ɷ׻һɱ֮һɣתʮһˡδǰָһ㣬кȵ콣󣡺ϣ
˷Ѿۣȴѽ佹֮ʱͻʢǧȻϮæʹĽȴѵн͡һҽǧƵѪէֻ֣һѪưö¡
񱩵Ľ֮£һԪӤڵʿնΪӣ
һһ٣Ѹһ岻̧Уȡ˶ֵķһֻǬס¡Ӥ֮󣬡콣ֿɴˣ
鿴еǬһһƣ漴㽫֮ﾡֽɣüһ˵֤ȥѰħɷŵĻЩ㡭
ǼϢĹһɾɱΪĶ֡˵֮ʣϵɱδԵȻʹӭֽأľЦ£˵ЩҺôЩô±ǣ㡭
꣬һɫ糣ʵôˣ
㡭ɱƻ˸ˣЩԪӤڸֵƣûˣ治֪һ㡭ֽµҡͷЦ
ԣһŶһĬȻƬ֮Ц˵ǫǾӣ˵Ҽ黫թСˣԼ¶֪һң˫֣鵭Ȼڰ֮Уɢ͵ƣ뷽ǸŰɱˣ
Ϥİֵܣֽʧ漴Ȼֵܣ㷽԰ϵѽŵ伮ƣ֮Сˣ֮ӣ֮ӣ֮СҲ㼯аһӤһ壬֮װ伮ƣ˶ٰ죬˳ҲǺǣ֮;
ֽɵôһһ㵣伮֮лһ˵Щֻɱɱ֮ˣɽ֮ѣʲôСأ²ԱİˣħеЩħˣԳƴɱҹʱֺηͯҥء
Ĺһɽ¡һѷڣǰ棬һ·أǳǳһݻƣƬ֮УԹ㣡
ǰʯϣĹȰٲӵ䣬еֽɵ
˴Ĺǵİ֮أΣﺮ͡ʱǻƻʱ֣Ѫؼ価Ժ뱯
һϽ«Ϊ֮İݡ˵Цò봫ڵʱ龰䲻һꡣ
ֽǰȥʦһֵ˼ˡ˴氧ݣǳʣ˵ҿֵ֣ܳʹñȣֻĹȴӴ˾ˣá
ֽɹڷǰģһдȦסһ졣꣬Լʦʱ򣬿ɲһСԪӤֿرʱûʲô
һת򺮷糤£ȥеʪֽɵԣο֣ڰ˳䣡㻹ֵڡ
ݼ˰ٲ֮һĹסҹ䣬ֽڰٲĶ֮Уµĵ伮̵֮ڹߣ̸˵أ͵֮һһ̽֡
ֽɵϣһʵ˲ٶԷʦӰٲˣһѧΪԨԷ׵ĵʿɱȡ֮УоǶá
ֽɾڵϲƴɱ˵֮ˣȥıʲôһֻǽԹұɵġɷ硱òķڶԷЩֶΡ
ֱ֮һҪˡΪ˳ӵԼҪΪԶ׼һɾ֮УĪ⣬зֺĴ⣡
ֵӣܺùһ˵Ĺءһȥֽɲ
ٲ˵ĶǰֽóһǬ˵ٱ֮ʣΪûʲô͵ģһЩҩˡ
һӹǬԷóһö˵ţã
ֽһǰǰѣϻŵЦ⣬ΨԼĲᡣ
ǺǣһΪѰЩҩ㡭һóһöǴӡ澭ժ¼һЩš֪ΪΣƪµľһĪĽƣ޷ӡ
ֽɲһΪȻЦʵǺ
һƪľİˣº󣬿ɻȥҪᴫһ˵һΪ죬ľѰ
ֽɱС
һ£ֵĹ⣬ֿͽӦӻԾڤлķϵɾһЩʯΪãԷ˼Цֻһ˵ģ
ֽ̧ͷһЦַ΢΢ף˵֮ԣ޵ԵһաƤһգֵգιѽ
һͷһһ˵ǼĹȵĹһ޶ɢ޵ҰĵطˣţⷨӲ
ǿɲɡֽæ֡һЦתԶȥ


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Ƶһ˫֣աûзᰳǣֱŵķȥֻ;дٽС
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ʱ֮Զȴһڿ·֮ʱһĶãһöڴĦŲͣ
Ǹ·˵һǰǧ֮һʿûСȴǲδǰУ˼꣬дʣֱȻ˸ӰͻȻڰʧɲǣ·ɽд¡һ졣
ֻɽһúõʯڣǱҳ˸Ŀһһʯɽһ˳ϻ߬öȴһĲ죡
ͷʯӣֿ˿еһüͷ뿪ʱ򣬳Ϊǡͬһ㣬δ뵽öеķͬ򵥡
֮бǳһԻƿնݡ˵ԼûöˣֻЩôԷ޵ҫƴ˶Իʿƿ
вֶݷԪӤΪʩչͨ⡰ƿͬն
νƿգָԣաʿƾǿԪֻһǧ̼سɴ֮ͨ㱻֮Ϊƿ֮
δָΪʩչƿݲȴģһԪӤʿԻʱл֮ΪˣΪԼҵİΣǣ˵Ų¶ͷԺΪ֪ǲŵŰ֮ԼҪԿ򲻹ҪܲǴ鷳
ʶӱʶܱͨһֶ⡰ƿնݡѷڡƿȴ֮ͬһԼ֮¶Էǣ㽫˱ͨ
ƿնݡкأһͷһֱ棬ȴʼûȥòһ˸·ʱóĥ־ᣬѽ㳢һء
ϣԸΥһ߶δ׹һɽȡӹǿǽɽʯײ˸ӣȴȻ¡
ܣһһǣȥһĳмһӤԵʣƾΪʩչƿնݡѣѵշ硣һʱʤ𣬸ɴѰ˿ϯض
ƿնݡȻЩŵʲôΪ٣磿԰첻
мѭһɼأ⡰ƿնݡû֮Ӱȥ٣ȴʶ֮·
ţʩһʶδȥαݷ֮ʹˡǰһײɽʯڳ֮С
ԪӤڵΪȴԪɣԿʩչƿնݡԼһӤǿʶΪԲԪӤڵʿĲأ
һǹſЦ޵ذһ˼飬ĬĬ˶ٴ䶯һɲʶһֻԭعâһʱûӰ
ˡһֻǰһűǷ֦ɡвǡ顱һ£ٴκݺҽһɽʯ֮С
һطɵԶȥΪѸͣײôҳɶĿɽʯ֮У˾ѽˣôҵ
һͷһ漴ȥƣһڵʿʱȡЦٺ٣ϴ˸󵨣ǷǸˣǸġ
ƨأ浱𣿵ֱӵǸ𡭡ϴƿմǼӵΪЦҲŲǶҡ仰һϣűһЦ
ӵͲǸӿûС֮УϴЦΪ
˵ļӵ鲻ԸǻأҵȥѰҵ鷳¶߽ʮʯӣűԹϺú÷Ų𣬷ҪʯͷײҪǻˣͳʮʯҰĨӱǡףء
ӵʲôһ١ʯͻȻܳӰ䲻Էģ㡰ѽҽһǵͷܣһвҪܾȻһӿһˣԼɽڡ
һʯӣתۼ˫˵ءŲæţ̧ͷȥһǧǿףȴϹײһƫƧСɽꡣ˴֣ͦôʿΣһɢޣжʮˣһɷӡ
˭ôû
һ߳ʣһ۹һ׳ϡ˷ףһ˫͸׹⣬˽ڵʿΪߵһˡ
ϴ㻰أӲɣΪûһİСڴʱתɫ
۹ӹܣһüͷΪҪôʻ𡭡ʮ֮У߰˸ǽ𵤳ڣ߽кڵΪᰳǹеѹ˵ķʱһӣŻ˵Ұѱ
һԵʵ壬޴󰭣һ䲻ȵػһ䣬תʵڴ˴ӵ˵ҪѰһҵ鷳
ʱһһڵˡһΪǿ׺ɢޣδ⣬ǴżֵĲͷ
״˲Υ裬ȴһ˷ɽһƬЦ
ףСӣ˵ҼӵĴ֪ҵҪѰҵ鷳ǸСĨƲ룬סһ档
ӵ㶪ˡΪ׵ӻӱ߳һŵöԷһӶ˻ȥһֵһɵ˵ҵȣʹȻֲñˣСӣֻ·ߡһЦ˵ɫоϷŰķ
һײһİʿʶȥΪһɢ֮ûίߵԡɶԷоֹΪĹ죬ͷһʵв֪·
ӻζ°ӣֺ˵Լ廹СţԽҵһ޶ɢޣӣǸʯӱ֮أ
һȻͷΪȻ˵ӲԷɤȻһߣʵӦˣ
һһЦ
ߣΪãȴмֵĵɫпͣ˵ǰͷѵҵȼȥңֵʱɱһ˷Գ⣡ηǰ˵ţ¶ݺݵЦһߺߡ
ӵʱ˳ָֻŵسһеߺߣҺϴĹرǣֵܣɳҡ
⻹ʿһӴҽˣ
һŹ׺ݵһҡͷƵ£ҪвԷ֮絹ʶˣ߲𣡲Ҫңʵһ
ݵ£һɱֵܱҪùϴһɣǺ߳һתʮֱһӣ˷Ըˣʱˣ̡һ£һεضɱȥ
ӵȴһԣһţȵСӣȥұϴִмҷͷֻжԷļߣСȴڴʱͦذǣ׺ݵģ
һΪȻҡҡͷֵ˺һӣѰһѷɽҡҡλδܵ˰У͸׷ʵСӣƷ಻ͷƿɺѽ


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ʯϿǼΪѰһϿȡڳɽ֮УΪƧ
Ͽ֮УƬСɽ֮ϣһׯ԰˴ҵڡɵеļ£Ӵɽ֮Уңգ
еʿɷ֮䣬зЩԼʿдΪ֮żʱҲܽް
һˣʿ֮ݬ롣Ȼɢûأ
ЩŵеʿгЯֳɵĹʯźţ԰ɢ޳΢ɵһ;Ϊļ
ǺɢۼţһЩĹԴһЩвƽ˶ԼСĵ⡣˴ײˣʱпڽǷ˵ᶯ
ϴɢеһˣ۸ӵܵʱ򣬲ɱ˼ҳײˡϸ˵ù֮бԷɱˡ
ɴ㣬ϴˣɢ޴һ鲻װǿˣɲ˼۸ȻԺûˡ෽֮̽󣬻ϤҵΪƫƧʿˣʢһ֮ŭûƽ֣һʺƣ
ϱǺϴһҳԹһȥʲôǸ;ߵļӵԼ˵˳
ӵڵΪòʮһ˴ӣȴǹԵԼľءоֹ֮䣬ϴΪĬɼװɵ֮࣬һ׼黫ļ
СӣǰǴׯ԰ˣļӵָǰʾСð߲ܸôһ׮˵أû
һһĲΪȻӵѵ⼸䡣Էת׵һ£˵㡭ֱǣ
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еɢ޹ƶʮˣڵسʯϿ֮ɽϵׯ԰йâӦҲ֮Сͬʱʿڿնӭ
еһ𵤳ڵŮӼΪ죬һҡҡͷ⣬ɺϣߵֹüͷ壬ɫת䣬˵ӿڳĪҪ֮ӣ
ӵһ漴¶ܻ岻һˣںδأȴûɵͷһĪĿ־嶸ȻϮ˲
ǡӵ֢һ㣬͵ҡҡͷһŻعͷأԡ顱졣뷽һľ£㶿ȥһɵüգƤסػ
ͻȻһǼӦ֮٣ϴһ˻벻Χȥ
ϴʶ²鿴һδԷκεİ֣һĹ˼ɶʱɢƾʿ뱣סңǳ˵Σ
ҹɽ֮ϣһ﷽Բׯ԰Ϊ󷨷ţȴԶԶɼһæµҵӰʿеķˡ콵Ϊ˵İΣΪߵʿòͦΪһߣŽڵΪϵ̣̬ͬϡһһŮӣ˽ǽ𵤳ڵΪɫ
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ҵļ֮㣬ֶ֮񣬼λѣʣҽ޵֮ˣơҵ̤ŷɽǰһȫ֮󣬳ʡɫ䱸зֺĴ⡣òŮӸü۹ӹʮǻⲻ֮
ϴңͦظš߸ʿһֲվʮʿɱڣƹ磡ת֮Циֵܱҵɱˣ𣬺ĳԵ
죡ɱΪ֮ˡ֮㻹ȴϴػӱ۴ϣȵݵԣֵܲ˱ʿ˳裿ճ˵ǰͷҵҺϴʹȻֻ·ߡ
֮㱻ϴ֪ܵһúֱɫڣһʱ˵֮ͬķȻǿˣʵмܡ˴Ķ˶Ȼס׺ɢޡԷǳ׼ҽΣӣ
ʱԺϴǿʶţ۹ȴɢеһϣɫȻδԷɵصȻһЦ״ͷʧǰ
׽ǻ׵ãϴΪģһӣݺݵ˵ֻ·ߣҪô˳Ҫô壡Ȳʹһһ㡭֮
˵裬֮һ˦߶ŭ߳ߣȴȡ֮أһתʹĵس˵˿ȡˡ
ɫæֱֶַų֮ˣֻλǰ˴֪ǺãȴǶˡŮӴɻɫ֮Умֵڴ
˾ʹõ˫Բ쳣ɵѭ۹⿴ȥһŻ۵ˣ˨Ÿƺ«̤Űѷɽվһɢ޵˫֣̬ͶУһɷȻ졣
ϵˣǲһ;С֮ҡͷһ̾ͷʧذֻϧԽ³ȵⷬģ
񰵰ҧ촽ɫϴʿǾȹԼ֮ˣԭΪ𣿿ɢ޻һأ
Χ۵һɫ䣬ȴ¶һĨЦǸ񣬻ɺϡƻٳ֣ȴǶ㲻ȥˡ
СӣǡϴȻһ漴ֹЦ벻Ļðǰı°
ڶԷϷʵĴЦУһٳɣɫȻǰһ˵ֵѣȣδлһ񣡡䲻֮֮Ĳ죬һ֣һ
Сӣ˲ΰءףϴЦһͣʵ֪֡һתתȵӵ㿴Сӣһ˶ںͷ
ӵǷӣԶȺ棬ʮһʱҪŤͷ·ļơϴĺ߳ŵһ£æҪӦȴ˼Цʣ


677 
һĵĳЦ˵۹ٴһϡ
ܵƣϴɫһ˲ȥӵǰڳݣԦµĿ߳һСӣ˵ķ
һƤһ˽µķɽնڴɲǣϵԪӤƻɢ˵ɱʱʯϿ˾ǰת˲˫ĵ䣬ųĿɿڴĺϴ˵ұ£ɱǵͷϣ˭˵ʹȻء
ɢɫ䣬һλζŲųû֮󼪣ϴɫ˼£סһڡĻôһͷԵļһﾹȻλԪӤǰ⡭ⲻĿ
ͬﵨӣϴɵðнӼתæЦһʩǺǣˡ׾ԭǰ桭ҵۻأһգˡ
ϴĿзţͷȴڰԸֹ̲ԪӤʿ˲𣿺úǰ㻹ɣţͬʹɫʹļȴڴʱûôһδ˵꣬˭ȥ
⻰ߣȴ״ͷϴһСӡλǰĿưڻȻ̧ȥԷЦ˫ĳâɢĿƣʵ˲
ɢ޾֮ʱȴϲ콵֮ʣԪӤʿþ֮֮֮󣬲ҵæһͬһǰʩǰ
ڰʾ˲ؾһأǻɢޡźϴ󲻽˵֮ǰҡҽ·մʱΪʾʣͬ·ߣϴΪȻ񣿡
ǰǰ󣿻ֱɣǺǣպһӡһ׳׶ĺӣȻڴʱĵЦôô͸Ź죡ǹԾع֣Сʵʣǰҵ·أǺǡ
ӣҲ򵥺üǰһδ˵üȻһץһӰѱѸͶȥ
˺Ȼ֮ʱһҽ
ϴ˻عһǰɴѶһסֽŵӰ͵͵ߵļӵŽ㱻ץ˻ȴǳоǾ밧֮⡣
ȥ³۹ɢޣһӵƺһѪ
Ҫ˻ϴ׹һ漴Цæĵǰǰ鰡һĶ˼Һһʶأ·ǡ
֮УһԼӵĲ״޶ãȴΪζشźϴһˡһɢ˵ں֮ڣȴһɫ͸ɱŵЩϣǰ߿νǲֱ˴ˣͬΪѱ֮
һɫ䣬ȴͻȻ»ӱһ˦һӰٿȻ˰֮µĵ棬űǡ顱һ죬ֻʣ°ļӵ
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Ҫҵȹ˳㣿ϴӣԼұһǿˣδ뵽иΪǿ֮ˣ˱˱ȵζɫһϡ꣬Ұʾ£漴Ŀ¶׹⣬һҵһңڣǱϥ֮ĪҪΪˣˡ
ߣ˭ҲӣһһȻͱˡ
״˲ҳæܡһɢæҹȴڴʱ¶ԺϴΪ׵λʿɢǰڳȺǷļƣڲԶһԴ
ʩˣλǰĪҪ̫ҵȽһƴƵ³׼ĺϴٽΣһͬ׷׼˷˷ɽ俴ʮˣΪս֮δزһԪӤڵʿһ˵ˣͷвһɢǡ
һɢޣں֮ڣȴʧթ׺һ⣬ΪΪȥЩ鷳¿ǲˣһЦ۹ӹһ˵üʩ˵ĵ޳ηҲ
˵ĳϴ󲻽޶ԣǴͬͬȺһɢڳһɹ˿ص
һҡҡͷΪ仰δ䣬ɳĳâ֮иΪɱӿȥ
þ˵ѽ֮Уϴ׺ɣֵǣϰ
һɽϮԭʧȥӰת֮䣬ǡ顱һ죬ǡϡһҽУ˴ӷɽһͷȥ
в׹ǡ顱һҽλ𵤳ڵɢ޾һһˤ˷ɽ
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գ۵Ĺλʿֻʣ˺ϴһĿɿڴ
֮ѰЩɢ˲࣬Ťͷɢ
һԺϴᣬȵվסΥߣɱſ³˲㻯ǧĽȥ
֮䣬ڵɱϢ޴ӶܣϴסæԪӤʿ˵أһȭ㽫˴ˣټҪ
ˣý㣬һľ֧ҲǰǳûҪгɣֻ߲ˣ
תϴ󲻸ҳǿ˫Ѹһ־һɫĹâӰٿȻԶݶȥ
ͬʱǧĽ⻯Ľâ˲ϢסɵķԲЩͷܵɢޣ콣Χ
漴˺ϴӶݣһ΢㵣ƺϴȴϴ˻óȥ¸
һʶתۼǧ֮˺ϴӰӴܵ٣Լķ಻ضðüͷ壬־ʱз΢һ죬ӰȻʧ
꣬ǧ֮⣬ͻȻһ죬ƾֳӰͬǣһ˱ײáϡ׹ȥһ˵ǰȻΨǹſЦ
⡰ƿնݡ˵Բ磬ȴиĹۡɼʶϴһԷײһ𡣻ãи汳ˣ
δõȥһ̧һУϴʱȴѰáһץԷǰ
ѽǰţϴûײûȥδ㱻סֽţױܻ׽ˣŵûɢɵƴ󺰣ĸԸع˳ǧأڸģֻ󹶻
һһ˵鲻˳㣬ɱɱҡԷ£ٴδ߶ƿնݡ˶ʱԭʧȥӰ
ת˲ǡ顱һ£ʯϿʯɽм𡭡
˿޺ǰɴɱҰɣӿɾܲĥҪˤ˰
룡߳һ䣬ֲǳĵġ


678 Ұѱ
֮һٴʩչƿնݡҪȥĵط²ܴˣȴֹշ硣źϴ󷵻ʯϿʱ򣬲ֽҳ
һأûϴˤɢˡûһͭǣܵס˵ˤлǿţֻС꣡˵ĥ
֮ǰϴľ⣬δزһַܡʱһľηްֵ١
һץϴקʯӡ
ϡʹǰһ㰡ϴǲҺһ׳һţΪǱ
һźϴ̤ǰԷߺͲţߵĹ˳в֪ۼҵɽźѽҪ˼ŵӰɡ
ʯϿڵɽϣһƬ֣ɱɭȻڰ·Ľȴ޲ߡ˭ת֮䣬һܻӶݵĺϴȥء
һӭʾ⣬ֽأԷϻݵĺϴӽ˽֮С
лǰˮ𡭡δǰҵļ㹪ȥ¶ϲ⣬ǰׯ衭
һŽеΣ˼ڰתΪȻҡͷ˵ǡˣһһƽϣԱ㡭˵ţɴΣѰ˿ʯϥ̧һö˼
״˲š֮֮ׯ԰һԡ
һŵһöǸףĹޡ꣬δ뺣ĵµĶѨɱ˴ˡԷ֮󣬻ȴΪӵū͡
ǵûǲݻ֮ʶӡ֮Ϊ෨֮һһڴʱö⡣һغ񲻼ᣬƪ޹˼ڤ롣
ֱʱһŪ˹޵ʶӡֽ֮䷴Ħ˻ų񵭵һЦ
ǰȣѲˡò˵Ļᣬæǰϲһ꣬ǰԪӤ֣ɡ
һؾĳȹԼʧ㣬üĿȻ֮У͸Ȼ׽
һᰳʱΣݸЦ㲻Ҳ޳˽𵤣ϲɺء
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ҵĵڣºϴһǿ˻ͷѰ鷳һ˵ֻ;˴ѣδ𡭡һ٣ЦʵΪӦأ
һ漴ɫ˵ǰҪշɢޣΪƣ޳׶ߡȻǰڵš
Ǻǣ֮ԣеһҽʯϿһֽ۹ϣ漴ֲÿɷЦжḩ̂һУâ֮УٿȻʧɴСɽֳ˱ĿȴһƬǽ塣
ת׿ȥݡֻǻɢһ̱ڵأɫãȻ޴롣е߸ʿΪĲǺϴͬҰһǱ
ɴ˿ɼȥʱɢ޲ѣż尾
Ǻ˵Ľⲻˣ˲ŲһδŲԶһ³ϣδǶϥŵˣף
һƬ̣һץתָȥֻߵݼţٿȻ˺ϴ˵˫ü֮䡣ͻһУʹλʿ⧲꣬⼸˸Բʶе漴ɫ
һɻһϣϴûһµɽµĸߴͨһ¹ڵأĿɬȻ˵ǰȻɱҵȣΪҵʶ֮аֽţ˵оǡʧ𣿡
ϴһްʾ֮⣬µλʿ֮¶ߣڴʱȻæܹŹġ⼸˽԰һȭͷһǴѪ飬Ȼɫдżɵζ
ֻʶȤü߸ɢޣǴģϵ׺̴棬˲С
ϴ˵鿴һȻɫ䣬˵ݵ£֮ڣлڹߣԵջʶƣߣɣ
ϴͷޣǷز𣬿ǰҵĸԸ˳أ׼仹˲˲õĵأ˼ҼȻŲҵȣ̧֡仰˷׷׸͡
ǰǰ̧֣
ΪߣΪȣҵ޵֮ˣС֮
ʿɱ衭
ЩԶɢ̶˴
һüͷâغһɲǣһ𵤳ڵɢɫ䣬һѪű˵ϣȫޣ
ͻ䣬ϴ˶ʱͣ޲Ȼصɴ۾˷Žл죬ת˲ȴһʬ
ޱߵĿ־ȻϮʹһʱԳ֡ηʹȻϴӴܣȴ˵ˣȻұһһȫ
δ̧Ųϴŵû겻塣ԼҵʶƣڶԷת֮䰡תſڵϣģûǰԣҵ޲Ӧٲҷ
һΨϵɱɢ
ΨһͦʬıԼϴˣæָ췢ģаԣ𡭡仰δ䣬¼ȿֺطŶġ
ҡҡͷһϵơ⣬һ֮ͽҰѱ治շôɢޣ
꣬һԷЧҵĺϴ˲ᣬ˵ʹ˱
ڴ˴һ̻գԾ֮꣬⡣ԷȴͻȻҪߣЩֲȴֲǿֻôŲ˵֪ʱܼǰ
һ£ЦĹȵֳֽͽﲻǰȥһԣԷӦת̤նȵӣˣߡ
ϴ˻ڵϵȴ䣬һæͷߺȵǰзԸֵǿϣҪߡ
һɢʱڣȥʱ˻̼ϴɥ󣬻ǽԪӤΪɽƾ˼ֵĵֻʵʵǣСӣ
һԶȥʯϿֻصյ֮СأԴԭأ˼ܼţ˵Ǻ¶ɴеĹȵѾá


679 ֮Ԥ
뿪ɽȵʱ򣬺ϴڣݡٴλֻһȺбܽ
һһصɽ֮󣬱ѰһߴʯϥʱĹ򣬺ϴⲻһæҡ
˴ϣָԷµҩƬ̣ϴǿʯǰ棬ʩ񣬿ڳưݼǰ
һ۾âէּɡϴһӣͷľηѾãѸٹ̣ʹ˲òͷ­ֻȥ˳
꣬ϴһɵֱӣС˵ǰҵȾڴˣԸ
ʿµĶʮɢޣ鹧ģ
ӵ޴󰭣ڴʱԶ
С׵ı㱻ȺڵˡԸӣʹ޿ɱܡһ۹⿴ŵһ飬æһһҧӲͷƤԽȺȴعڵϣԴڳ˳ܵӣر׵лǰɱ֮ҼӵԺ˼ҵˣ˼ҵĹ
һˣﻹĲһʵǹҺθɣ
ӵ᲻أǹ˼һ仰
ɫ㿪Ⱦľ˳ȥ黫֮ɢĪһɵüһ߳
ӵɫһϣһµϲعֵٺ٣лǰ͹˼ҶŭΪʶȤһԣ˵֮һ˿һľֹмͬķ緶
ΣһߵֶɵðҡͷãٴɫֵɽŵĳϣԴԺȽΪŵĵӡһöӸϴ󣬷˵ִżȥɽѰߵɣԻΪã
ϴӹ򣬴˿ԭ˰ǼһŰˣ˵ĴأֵǵֶΣһŶԿʱһлԼ˵
ָյɣϴζŰӣȻشͷݵӺӣֳֵܼϡ
ӣϴʱΪ˴ӡһδ׹Էֲ˷ܵǰɫдżֹأֱһӣݺݵ˵в֪һλҽɱˣԺűֳһ֮£¸£񲻿գ仰䣬𡪡
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ŲҳݣҪһͳɽ˳߲

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һתֵ˵ʶ԰Ϊڣɢţһ˿ɼʮ꣡ɢţһ˿ɼһ꣡ҼסˣñȼСеʿҷߣĪֲ飡
ϴ뼸λ֮ͬת˼£ʵҿʮλɢء
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ϴɫתϲЦ˱ãĻ˸񣬱˴˽ԺٺټЦ
һһǰ˵δ˵һ֮ڸϸš仰δ䣬ϴһ˽Ը
һҡͷ¶һĨ޵ĿЦ漴ն𣬾Զȥ
Ƭ֮󣬺ϴ󻺻ֱӣסһֵܵܿͦظΪһɥȴֳ֮⣬˭Σֵܺʱܹ˵
ӵȺ˵ǵɽǻ𺣣ӵ׷ϴȥ˸ŸͣҵԺϴհ
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һɢѵϴǰֻʮ˱ɽ
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ʱҵƾֳΪϴŵӣֵǿɶˮǴߡӵʱһ䡣
ϴЦһļӵⶼʲôƨ⣿Լ¿ɲǶϷֵ˶ڣ֮󣬻ңڡ

Ϊ˶ʮ޶ɢޣΪָһʦ֮·һʱ⡣ԺֻΣϡ
ϴˣƱɢȥռˣֻ»ԸΥ
ʮ֮һڵɽȥһ壬֮˲֪ȴֱѰħɷס֮ء
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ʱΪŵľڣΪİһں֮ĿȻ̬ŵĻҲļơ
󣬲ӤĶһġͫʱĽơ漴ҡͷЦҳһơ
ȻδƣӤѳһѽץСɫһ䣬ʵιɱ³ϣͬʱмɫƵصһ
һ°̧ģԳ˲֪ǼĪΪ˵Ĺȣۣ϶ȴţʹ³;нɱĹȵֽй˽ߣҿҳֽնɱδɴء
һתһͱˣɢɱ߳ĳӴԺұħɷŲݣ
ʱ׷˳˶֡һˣ磬ЩʿȻ֮Լֲֵ˻ȥʵʵϹۡź޼ߣһˣ
˻رܣȴ˹ʦܣ˭ɽݡ
һȻͷ鶦ŵʦͽͬģԣȴϾƽϣӤдʵһɺԣ³ϺʱɱֽɣĪҪѪˡ
âһһ߳ԷȴطڵݣǴԲѣ֮˭һ֮ħɷţ
üһһǡԷԸڴ˴¶ִȴˡ
˱ӻʲôǣֺα˵Ĳ񣿡ӤЦһŶŵɽСΣ㻹ΪԺħɷŲɣ
ߣ鶦Ų꣡߶һԵܣȵš
һӱֹסӣӤͷ͸ź˵¿һɶһɱ˹ұɣһɱԪӤϡһء۹ɹһһ˵һأұһ֮ħɷţ
ӤŭС
һһȻһӿŵƣ˵֣֮Ϊ֮ν֮ԤҲ
תӵʾ£ﳤȥ
ӤعңǼλԪӤЦһԪӤڵСӣӶɱ˲˵ҪЮ˻֮˸Ǻǣ͸Ű಻סĺֵĿԴҿ˭˭


680 ڼ
һʵħɷžȥ˶ǣĹȡٲ˵ȥʹΡʶȻԼĻҪѰӤһ
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˾һߣҵһɣֽΪԼΪֵܣٲ֮ǽһֶ߽̻壡أ񣬾Ĺи̡ȻһΪѰ
ӤԸԸʹ˰֣һ֪һ֮ɲħɷţδ롣жǰеΪȣηٻһأ˭˵㲻һݵأ
鶦֮Ľ˻תһΪĲ죡һӦԵɣӵľУɱߡ
صԼҵĶǰһ̬һ˼䡣ǸǶʦʦõоΡ
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˴κɾ֮УĪ⡣ɽ鶦ŽƵȫ˲¡ӵĽ˵֮£񾭹ãǴӦ֡
ΪˣӴϲεĳ϶Ҹһԡһ֮ⲻҪת档俴ʦܵΪǿ󣬻ΪɽԶΪĿɹ۰
οǣһδŵĻͥ˵ǰй˼ʱö⣡ԺҪʦͬ˲źãˡǳԿˣ಻ֵذ
ӵ˼һ׷ȴ鶦ŵһּɡɽôţǰӣڱڴ˽ڱס˾ٶԼ̵ĺɾ֮окκôȴ޴֪
˵˻Ựһ㽫;շɢһ档
ʦܣ㾹һշλʿӴ㵣Էͷǣ־ϲЦ˶ʮСףȴΪλʿʦͿ๦Ҳ
һЦշǻɢޣʵףв֪㵱ʲôӲſأ
˵ѣ˵򵥵Ҳû޷ĸְˡǰһ˵ĿοʱֻԼһ˿š񣬶ôһλʦܣұһ
һʵĸ֣
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۸ӣĵҲȫȥ֮һӳס˶ɵϢ
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˾һǿǰꡣԴĹ˱ȿԱǸɽʮа˾ŵŵйءǵǸ³Լϵһǽһ
ǲ³δ֪ǶǿĽƣǷ﾿кôдĽ
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뵽˴һ£üͷ
ŵĻƴ³ʵһ޹ظϵǰߵŰԸߵɢ˺Ƥ಻Ըʵһʱͼ
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вʱգǰǰŲѲ²ݵﻯʿҪѰͨžŵŰҪռݺôȻȾָ֮صһС
ΪˣŵŰӶ㾡ȫԸһ֪ĺɾ֮УضɱءԴ˿ӵǸԼʧˣӦԼá
ĬĬ£һֶһöͼǸɾͼɾڣԲΪ֪Īǣͨž֮йأ
㣬һǾ˼գɢȥҵ˾󷨣Ŀµ֮ڣҪΪɾ֮񡭡

ת۱ȥһεشӾ֮ԪӤԲΪҪͻƣȴòΪɾ֮еĵж
յӵĴ֮һʰ±ߡѾۼٶԪӤʿʮ۾ں֮ϡ
һδӵӰλ˹֪Է⣬ԼΣȴ˵ֵѣʦðֱ֮棬Ҫ黳źá
һתδҴҹ˹漴תˣֹΡǷۼȻвɫлڴ
˵鿴һȻ˵˲ңֺ˼ƽأ
ɫȴͻһЦ˵ֵѹȻǿ֮ˣҼΪ֣ٲſɻΪ
һ۹εͣ٣漴˵ֺĶԹԹ
׿֮ˣҧ촽˵ˣʦΪִֶΣȴǲ
£вͣǶԱȥ״ǸȻһЦֹ
Ůò绨Ǹ˶ʦȴһĺƤңⱾԡʵЩһΪȻҡҡͷתǰˡ
ֵѣ
ѣˣ
һһ󣬳ʵڼ
ˣúˡ˷ϲ¾ˬԵʣʱյĹ׶񣬷ǶơǳªɵЦݣƾ˼ֵ顣׹һ壬˽һ䡣
ͬʱҲó彻ˡ
鿴֮һʵã
Ϊ壬ɾʱ飬ɱ˲˴ʧɢǡ֮գӵЦе֪ɾд֮ܣڽһɲ߽ͬʧɢǧ֮ңΪר壬һá


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һŵʮ֮󣬺ɾ֮ˣ
ʮҷεգת֮뿪ɽǰƫԶȥ
ɽˣ뼸Сŵʿͬһ֮ۡ⣬滹һλŵԪӤڳأ۷֮
ԪӤʿжʮ֮ࡣŸ־ӴʮλԪӤкڵĸʿ䡣˴κɾ֮УνƺƵʮ֮ʱٲʺɼ񷣬εΪ׳ۣ
һڵķʮɳŵĶʮλʿӼ鶦ŵ˴βʱʱ˵Щл
ΪƣԪӤնаӵһϿɣĨ˰Ѻ룬пʱתתѹ꣬ҡٴͬ۷ɶɣԵֿǲǳ
⻰ЩɫŹ֣Լͬʦһڣɫ֣֣߳ǹ˼˴ֵ֮飡˵ǣǿ᣿
һ漴ֲΪȻشһӣƤЦԼǣƣײףţ֮ŨѪˮҸͬòǡ
ŭûȤԹһ˵ɾÿһʮһأǰ󽫳ʮĹ򣬿ѵõĻԵڰ
һĿ˵û˴ǻֻ۵һЦʵȥɾɾͼ
һŶʮˣ䲻ӵȴ಻ԵÿŸԴһԲ˸Ľƣ̸޼ɣᾪˡ
һ˿ԵãŪٶǰҽӤ󲻾ãɾһΣ仰ţסɾһΣ֮ܣЩǰˡ
ǰ˭ԣӶԴ˲Υ裬һЦ꣬ûɾͼһ׹֮б·֮ʱɾʮ֮ѵ㣬ҿɲһ𣡡
ׯӺݣЦӵĻ֮ɫ䣬̴ȴǶ˼ֵů⡣Ůӻһʾ档
׹֮󣬿ǺңһҲŽӤΪȣûеõһƪ׷ǻòļ򵥣ڼһС˽յͬ۷ɶɣûԿ
˴Ӹлӣһο
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һƤһֻĬĬͷóһöհ׵򣬶Գ˼
֮УԪӤС˶ͬϥԽ˫ĿħӤкᣬ͸аɱ˫ڸǰӡĵһɷ׻ʣ
ӤӲӣİɣ
ΨӤ̬ͣءɰٴȣǰĽɢɱ֮⣬кɨ֮ƣ
ԪӤԶĿ붨ģ˴˼ε໥ǣѭݣ֮γһǿСһߵΪ֮⣬һıʹ
еԪӤһͷէ֡ԶźǡʵеΣԼӤ̬ǣżֵķ·Ī֮Уʲôǣɣδ䲻ҡͷҲ̫뵱Ȼˡ
޳ԪӤ壬޷ֻٴλص֮СʱһССĽɫӰ֮оޣ
Դһشµ֮֮ǣʹý֮֮ǿࡣʱģһ˵
һľֻһö򡭡

һƬ޼ʵĺΪ顣
ƬλƽԱǧ֮⣬˼ÿһʮ꣬дʿڴˣȴźϳ漣һ̡
麣Ƭǧ﷽ԲĺܣɢŴСĵ죬ʹó;˵ʿ֮оŸԴһЩĺԼ׳ɵĹΪŵʱפءС棬Ϊɢռݡ
ŷۣʱ£һһ麣֮󣬲ŷ˵Ѿۼ˲ˡ
ŴŵԪӤʿǧ֮ɢеԪӤ֮ࡣģЩɢСвʼįĽʿ
˵ʿ˺ɾȴ˴۽磬Щʶ⣬ѱû˻ʰż©Ľ˼룬ɾзصԪӤʿ䵥ʮϰٵĽʿΧסˣյλԤأ
δɾ֮ʱЩʿҽǰŴڵĺΪ徲
פƬֻʮķԲȴɽ֡ȪɫϵЩ͸ˬĵطΪżŵ֮˳ɽƣ¿һΪСŵʱϢ֮ء
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㣬תǰȥ麣ϻûκ쳣Ķ
һյһʵˣ߳ڵɽǰԶٺĽʯĬĬȥ˻ɽ
꣬һͷĺɣټӰֽϽ«˿ھƣתĿԶ
һ޼ʵĺϣƵʹһ̼ĿԶ棬ؼԼ䣬ʹľ֮ӵһ壬Ϊ֮Զң
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ݵʿڴˣ⣡в֪ŰûУǸ³ںδ
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ԶЩС֮ϣĽ۲ϣ֡Դˣһ·ҴҲ鿴һջʶʱɫ΢㵣ԩ·խһأ
룬һߣȴ˽ȵСӣɴסˣվס


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һ֪㲻ͣ½Ų֮ʱ漴ɫȻֻܺɳˣգ֮סǷɫӰȥ·
ⰲĺƲȴפŶٶλԪӤʿɵ֮ͻȻðˣŵԶλԪӤڵĳϡ
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Сӣվס˼ˡ
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ҡͷԶת˵񣡼Ϊͬĵѣأλǡ
Сͣ˽Ų˰ɿƤһ⣬Ц۹ʮӹϺ޵ЦݣŻӣλ֣ɢ˱Ҽʦ˼ŵǰʶŶ֮λ޹ʽҾ֮ء
Զüͷ壬ٴϸϸˡſǾ֮Ŵ֮һǸһǣأ˼֮ʣԷЦһԼȣԼأλţԿɻѽ
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һأԴ˵˭ȥһ߱ʮţ˼ֻѰ仰һ٣ͦظɫȻ飬ȴ壡нԼӱ߶ģкη
˼һУŵļ˽԰ҡͷ𣿳Ů˸ĺ˼ѰˣòŮԪӤڵΪŴɣϲòСأʮǰһʿѣȴܶһǰֽšҲмֵֶΣջҹơɵò˸棡Ϊʿȴѳɴ
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һ̬ſڽࡣλǣʱ˵֪Զ˻⣬ȴ޴ӱ⡣Ȼֻ˿ʵøԽԽڵ³ˣ
СˣĪŮӣ⻰λ˵ģƺе
ʱһЩһĪչͻȻðĻӽſջһ£ûѡ⣬Ƕħһ¹ڻйħޡħӡԼ³ĶԹй¶
ĿɬȴЦ绨ӼΪ˵ݵ֮ͬ˰ɲĳСǰأ
ˣرܡһεʼͷһƲʵӣ㻹
ǽһЦ´һֵؿ϶ţʮ겻ôԪӤΪ仰δ˵꣬һ֣ЦһЩʿײأȴڴ˴ԩ·խֻ֣©Ŷ
ߵֲԽ
һһһ˦תߡ
ʮǰһжԸӵķӡԴӱԷ߬ſջƵİѱ֣һʱڴˣɾڼôŮӣ˶޿ɶ㡢޿ɱܣ

ܶĶʿʶ˵һСԭ㲻Ǹʡ͵ĵƣȴ뻹ǸĵļһŵŮӣɫˣβסŵıӻΪˣ˰Ը̣ȴοˣȨһ֣
²ؼȻԸ߸߹𣡿һǷȴǣɽšʦͽ߳ɽȻ̧ͷȥ
صһɫÿŮȴ׷ᣬƽӭȥкλʦò绨ʦܿǺ۹Ⱑ
Լɽǰ۹һ뻨ӵش⣬ȻŴɵĵӣɷǷΪòȣΪϼѣôһȴϲλֵѣ˲硭
վһ˵˼вͬ
Ů֮ʱòʹȻʿˡ׷һסϸϸ۲ѡ
Ůһ绨ףһһЦзϡһĪȻͬΪŮӵˣ಻Ϊ֮ĵҡ
ֵΪɫأǲ飬Ҫʼ֮֮ˣ
εɫȴһ˿⣡ӣ۳ΪòʤʦһﰡߣСӵ޸ǳ
һϾ˼ɽ˵˼֮һͷɽ֮ӰΣЦҪЮһҸˣٶҡ
֮£һŲһ٣˵Ʈͷһ˼תܡ漴üͷһס֣
δһӦ֮죬ӵһ˿Ȼżһ㣬ɵһһԣ׹ŵؽе
һ˵ٸҹʼʩĪҷˣ
׿˵޻մ˱һȻԹһοöԷռصıˡʶвԣ̻ɫ
ΣЩͿˣʦôˣɽݵһ˽飬ŵĽ˵ˣ˼ŵĸͽ۽½οŮҪģôŻأ
λʦãҪһʶʦӣл˵ΪԵԾӣԲ仰δ˵꣬Цݱ㽩סˣֻЦع˫֣ΪȻ˵λʦܵǸأҲŲһʶء
ʦܣһСѾͷҳƺΪʦܣǳģ⡭⧲֮£ӵɫûûСûأѹֲʦϲأޣۼˣǴܹأ˵ʦܡ


683 仨ˮ
ӲӣԳʦͽӼ㣬λѣ˷ɲףſ˳۶ˡ
Ҳ⻰Ǽ٣ʦͽ¶Цݣǿ뻨Ӻ˼䡣ڷһԭɣ֪便⡣
һȴøûȤ³òª˼ҳһءӵƤڣֻǵӳһָ˳˵乫
һԹܣǷһĨЦδȴɵתЦӣвޣ
ԣɫһǡƳЦ֣ȵ˵⡭Ůһʶأ
ķǣѧһģ˫֣΢΢ͷӣԷеαԷüëһץԪӤڲŲãҵΪһأʦԾӣûѽһͣұ㲻ռˣֱ䡭
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⻰ôô̹أ¶ϲɫæ˵ʦ˸ˡ
ЦҼʦɢŻڵΪɲǸ˼ҶΪֺΪòڻأ
֮ò֮ΣްĵУԴưΪߣ󣬱˴ֱкηأһʱ֮䣬ӿŻ˳ۡһŴɵ飬Ѳ㲻׵ļʶʵֵύһ
ȼ仰ӱ㲩ȡӵĺøС֮ϻ쳣ֹ׺ͣʦͽദΨһüͷһԣ⣬ȴС
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ҽʶλѣѽĹ󣬻ӼʦͽѾáżִЦݸпһΪ˵һٲ£ŵӦӴΪл
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ѽҲʱ򡭡һĻ˵꣬ӱЦϣ˵ҽΪ飬ɲһһʶ˴ָţ̬ȻǽգҰԵȻʹľɫΪ֮˼֣
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˾Уס̾һַ룬һĳ˵Īţ
ƲһԵΣԷȴǱˡ
Ī֮ʣɽµļ˽ǻûʧһ̣еİԹ뵶ֽͷɵã֪İ·עҪĹá
һȴüһעŻӡԷǹԹУһ˿ɫѸȥһ߳ӣԻڣұ㽫˵仰оǲֺ棬ɱɢ
Ʊŵˣɫһ䣬漴¶Ĳ״ִСĵĻ𣿺ι˵ķŭ
ʦܣжػϸ㡭ǣһٴηڳļ˲ԣŴ֣
һҡҡͷֻϵơ²Զɽת򺣱ߡӳǼ˹һЦ˳ģŽżһһ˹ȥ
˲硭ҡͷ̾ԻȥȥˡĬȻԷڵɽ
ԭһˣֻһ̯ĪӡȥıӰֿЦЦֹһ䣺鰡ϸҸյһ仨ˮ顭
һ󣬾ߵĽʯϡ˴ߣڳǴɷ羰
һɫӰϽʯһԶվأԾСȻģ
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£һ·࣬Щһʵ㡭Īԩ˼ң
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ףһָŷңûɵǡꡱһЦԹ˵ִʵЦѽľ뻯ڳ˵Σ֮⣬ҰָһͶұ֮٣ֹҺ
һƳһۣЦҿڳΨСδ쳾Ĳδ˵ǵȹ̣˵Ǹûĸεˣ
üͷһԶ档
йħڣһ£Ϊ˵Ϊ˵أԴ𣺡ⲻ֮дǣƭùңһħΪûϡǴͷͨͬħޣħڣһ˶ռ
˴͵͵һɫûֵǴͷͨңӴԺǷΣ
һת΢΢ظһͦʾ̧˾ɵ°ͣѧŽСһƲɫо벻ġ
磬ƽ⣬ǰٱ䣬ϲˣǻӡܲõؿŶԷһ˵ҴδǷʲôοҺңַҵӣҺιʴͨľȥҷǣ
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̬һȴǰ΢㵣ѽ⻹ǸħŮĺöԸԼ˵İٰΣ
һɻ֮ʱӺţһСϾίֻɲǣŭǴкָųһ㡭СûĵģʮæµħڣǽħڣħħʵôħҰڣӵóţڵССγܵסʦ֮ŭƴƴȴ⡭
Ůʱӳˣʱ龫͸ƤаʱȻұĪ⣬ԴȶʴӡһʶһøֶΡ
һ˵˴أԷŭ͵ָһʹļ׵߳Ƿҵģ˵Ƿҵģ˰ǽλ౨಻ΪѽҲֻҪһʽͨˣȴ䣬ĿšһŽգԷŭŤɫһ飡
ߵĻתһ˵࣬γְһأһʽͨңѰĲȡ
ò׵ŻͣһȴǰɿŶԷСģҡͷ¶һĨЦ˵Թ԰һԩ֪£˲ûģ첻µز£Ա㡭£ת뿪˵ϥ
Ƭ֮˲޵ؽһЩɥӲԵļһ˼Ǻá꣬Ц𣺡ӻİɣ
ͬʱߴһ䶴֮Умעź߽ʯϵΡ


684 粨
ʯɽ
ɽǼĶ֮ڣΪ֮⣬ߵϣֱԶλŵĳϡ
ɽºߵĽʯϣԶӰͬʱڵջʶ׷׿жӡ
ǺǣʦҾһһΪȻδ˵漴ֳλԪӤڵĳϷԸУһء䰲ΣŲ޸ϵȲԮ֣
λϳ֮󣬸ȥֻʦͽˡ
ɽλɵɽɸԼԶΡʦͽȻ;ǻл˵
ʦʦһ˵Ī˴оɵԵʣԶɻ󣬳ʵ
ӳ£ҡҡͷ˵֮⣬Ȼ֮˵ʦΪĿشˣ
һԪӤڵΪһӤ죬вʦˡԶΪĲ⡣
ӿЦ£˵ˣʦὫ̫ϳϵأ
̫ϳƿֻһ鰡ʦ˼Ǻ⣿Զ㵲ѡʦǧ󷵻أ˵ΪʧڣΪΨһ̫ϳϡ̫ϳϵк֮ȨͬĴڣһأ
ӳ£˵Щδ㽻ղ˵һ˵ʦԻɾçײ֮ˣһУ˵ļ򵥡
Զǣʦ˵ʦʶһԷֻΪ֮йй综ѵʱʱ꣬һѰСѳΪµԪӤʿ۾ݣָ
޳ԪӤߣݼӢǲ
ԶΪȻصͷֵóȻţ޹ؽҪʦڣȻΪԼʵʦΪ֮죬˼ƽϡ
ԶһԺδ
˴Ըз˼ɵáǺǡЦһ˵һ֮һƫƧĵط̤ɵԵŵһǧǰĶԹʦֱӵĸϵ
ԣԶҡͷʦ׿˵һС
Ӽ˵һʿʱ򣬱㽫ؽ÷𡣶֮ٴξ뵽ŷ֮У֮аһæ
ʦԺ⣿Ǹһı
Զѯʣ˵鲻ϸ֦ʦ˵ΪһΪ֮Ȼʶ֮ԺΣδزǣŵĶ򡣻䣬Ϊת
ǲһʿѣڻԵɺ֮ݵŷǣĪйأ⣬θɣʦĻ̫ͷȴ޴ɡԶһ̽ʵʦ֮⣬һ֮ˣ
Ц£ÿɷ˵ƣԲףɱ䣬ʱֹաʦ֮⣬£֪
ڴǧ֮⣬Ϊڵĺһ䶴֮Уͬһʦͽ˵
һλ뷢Ұ׵ߣΪŵŰӡɫۣ絶̣ƲһԺ۵ˣüĿǷϣ³Ҳ
ʦŵɽ۵һѽһԪӤΪĹ졣£С˴Ϊ֮ʣ³Ʋסͷĺ⡣ǿɶСӰᶯȥŵħºɴױһءôһڹʵ˱¶ûꡭ
ߣΣŰɫȴһ
֪³ӦֻÿһίشͷȥСϵʦŵ䣬űƵʦţΨֱ֪ʧȥȻŵɢֻøŵùӲǸĺڹټʿԮ֣һս治֪ʱǸͷأ
һǵһǣʧãŰӲؽѵһ䡣³ͷǣĿʦС˵СӽӤ֮󣬻ǼһС֮Сɴ˿ɼδ֪ʵ
ʿڴˣһ˲ѡʶǿߣֻһɽеĺһ顣ʴˣһһһ˵С
Űףַ룬ɫһ˵ҽһӰͼ򣬾ʿһݣֻɾ֮мˣۣϷҪϵĶҪ
³˿ĽΪ֮泩ࡣ֮˵һɾ֮󣬶֮ߣ֪Сӣżٺ۾
ںϵΣԼһ뻨ӵľٶʦͽʶŰΪˣвͬ˼ʵ³ŮڼΪŵӣϵá
һ⣬æδ⣬ԲϵŮӡδ˵꣬³ͷһæʵСĪ
Ű˫Ŀ΢أغһ
³תæ˵ѶϤ֮ͼŰͨ
³ȣлǣɱСϷˣ˰ʮ֮ȫȻûյķ磡Űֲ߳ΪȻ˵Ѿͷ縺ʹСϹڣšŽΣϷ֮˴˫ۣһǣ˵пã
³æ𣬱ӭͣЦѵ˸ǰ
ŰӣҶˣкôЦǰӰ
ˣ³ǱԼͷ߳һߣĿ࣬뺷֮ŨţЦݣӺŵ˻ڵĸˡһλİС࣬ľɣַŻҰ׳һԲƽݹŵޣΪڵǰ
ҵ³æһݵλǰ
ʱŰӵɫ࣬Ṱ֣˵ţ
λһһһǰһת˲˶˶³δֱŰӶ
Ϊ֮òЦȴǴż־ҹûкôţɾڼѲʹҶ˷˵һأԲֻף۹һ˿䡣
Ǻǣԣ⣡ƣ磡޺ôͼĳͷλһء˴˼֮ŰӵһЦԷ£³ʾ£λ̡


685 
æԼҵǧƣͬûš
˵δѣȴҲϲ˼к쳣ľٶ
ڵĺһΡмݵʿвٵɢޱ˴ŴԶ˵ϡ
һɽ֮ϣʮλʿǹһΧżλˡŵɢˣԸͨɢˣīŵī롣
ɢˣѪɫ䡣һϮصĺڲסǿӵĺһҹУ˼֮ļѰŻڵΪ˾Ϊļˡ
īһλƵߣͬΪɵ۷ĴڡʯΪ
˵⣬ʿΧһȦŵĳϣݸŵмλΪɢޡ
ô˻㼯ڴˣɢ˵
֪ħħڣ˲֮һرʵȥɽţŰӶƥ򲻽ټŵʿ۹ѡߣΣ˲֮󣬻ǹԹԷҵħʦԶɾڼŲòձ
ǻһ٣ʿֻϵƶʱʧӰ١һϢ񣬵ɴ۾ɢֵŰȴƽӺݣն֮ȻңʶҵȲòԳѣԷݣ
ʱɢ˷ƤƶͷλεͷΪĲ͡˵Ƶ֣ҵȻѰҪοڴˣɾ֮еһսڵң԰ٺһ
ī벻ȴ΢΢ʾϿɡ
۹ɨɢīˣɢַ룬˵ɾǾս֮أ⣡
ŶɢŶһɫīŵī룬ԷƤţ˯˵ģתԹˣΪְ̣ҶЩСɹͷ
ڶ࣬־ôλһ¾ӣ˴˼˭˭˵ŻԶδ빲ĵزԸż䱳빫ţֲɢ˲ѰԮ֡
˫жɱаݺ֮޷һǽĲİˣ
ɢī˼ɢ˵˴ɾ֮УѰ䡣䣬ЩüĿ仰δ䣬˶ʱ
Ժ̸٣˶Էĺ֮ɢ˸ӣֵڴ˴ѰŰӵ鷳֮ĲޣóȻħԹٴγ͵Ϯݵӡʶɾ֮ݵʿš˾٣Ϊб޻
Ƶ֣䡭üĿ첻ī룬һ˶ɢ˰˼Ƭ̣Ÿ͵ˣƵԸ֡
ɢ鳤룬ζһȴתʿ˵ݴСŵӣԸŵɢͬˣֹˣ仰˽Ӧŵ
Σɢīһ˻˸񣬶ʱȻ˰Ĵ޷ǽһ¸֪£¿ʵѲԲŵս֮ϣɢˮ
Ǻǣλ֣ԺͬģѳɣɽɢȥɢͻһЦλĲ죬Ϊ˵¹䣬Ʋ̸

ɢ˵Ķ֮ڣλϹ֮⣬һλòķŮӡ
Ӽʦ棡ŮӾǻӡ˽ˣʹüªĶΪ֮һ
ǺǣҵմͽӹɣɢãЦӣλǰǰ񣡡
ƺɢΪʦԽ֮٣ȴ֡ǷǷǣգ
ɢԾڻӣԴ֮֮СѾͷһ㣬ڸĿڻʦˣ֮࣬ϲ
ˣѾͷ䣬񣬸ɢϻο֮ͬʱû㣬Ƿݳ谮֮ɼһߡ
ǰ˼ҵպգһ޵ķŶ£ʵĽѽӳɢ˸һ񣬺ķлڷϡԷǲҰ׵£ǻ˸˵Цݣ׳һĴָСİɫԲ˵СѾͷϲ⡮顯ˣɣ
лǰͣӹ顱Ӱϲݴŵġ顱Ϊɢ֮óĶѰıӣתֿ񣬳īݵīǰΪͨѾãյü٣ʵϲĪѽ
òˣ˹ټҪӵһʹòЦī˻̯ݹ᾵ƣһĶ
īŵнơó֮īЩڡЦӯӯϲɢǲҰ׵ЦżֵɢԹַδ£ǽǽǲԵʣĶ֮Ƥ
лīǰһѽӹǽƣֳīŵ֮Ϊһнƣֻлʿſơﲻ֮ãչ׵Ľ֮˼Ϊѵõı
Ǻǣлλֵĺ񰮣Ǻôĸ֣ʱɢŵͷⲻֿ䡣ɢ˵⣬ЦţԵúܴ󷽡īȴûʧȴְ治üƽʲôֻƺһʾͷĲʹ죡
˱֮󣬲ɢʾ⣬һЦλǰɫ˵һдʦλǰ
ɢ˰Ҫ˴ܣҶϡͿıȭ㲻䣬ȴմͽ˱һ
ɢīɢʱ˵ԣϵ䡭
ǺǣԭˣСѾͷ˵ɢ˲ЦһԵī˻ӡ
Ϲڶ֮еĻӣһĿֹ֣´䣬˵ѭҼʦԸ֮и̽ѰջϤ䡣ͨžҾݾڵĹɾ֮С
ݾڳ˺ɾ֮⣬һɾڣ
ԣɢīȻѡɢ΢ЦĿ֮⡣Ѿͷ˵
췭ظ٣һݣλǰ˵仰ɣҪʱ򣬻ӲṴɾɣȴǻһת
Ī˵ɢīףɢΪ֮һѾͷʲôã֮ǰôû˵Щ
⡭ⲻǡ־еĻ𣿡ûӦīβסͷɻ󡣲˵ˣ˼
ϲ޵ǡ־ɷ֮г֮Ϊ⡣ǰȴѧǣѽǾС
췭ظ٣һݡһν⣿ҽǹɾڣһɢ˵ɷ£ɵ¡


686 ˭Ӯ
λǰ˵ǰ̬ĵ˵ҾݴδйʿɣΪ˱ʧĴԣ־Ƿ洦ɼȤ¼ȴҾɵ֮ʼǾ仰֮ΪָǵʱΡ
ԭⷬ׵˵ǣ˲Щʧ־˼ΪѰ֮浹ôһ仰ǸʿйĲ²⡣ʶӵĻ⡣
˵ѾãΪţī˶ԡɢҡҡͷ˵ؽѣתǣĶŮ飬ȴ޹䰡СѾͷҪǣǿᣬҪ˵
ɢͬв⣬ȴַ벻ɫ
˼ؽ˵ԭ壬Ҿɾ򵱲м٣ΪˣҲĵ伮־෽ң֪ҾݾһɾĴڣɴˣͨ򡭡
һӣֻصˣڳļλԻ˿ǰһԲ˵ʦ涼Լ
ǾԵʣҶ϶֮²ֹһұ˴˽йӽ˵Ѱɾɣɾ֮УӦйɾ䣡⣬ǧ֮ǰִ¡
λ˽ţ˼Ӽ˵ŵŵӵԴٴνɾȴΪҪôѰžһȥҪôɵ
йصŵһ׮Թ紫ѾáΣû֪һ˵ҲϺɢī΢΢ףԷֵ˴εʦڶͼΡѰŰӼΪҪ֮£ҳûѵΪΡҼʦ˳ᢣ⽫һ¹֮ʵ˽ƾͼ֮Ҳ
ɢīɢˣԷ̬棬Ĭϡ
йѰң֣ҵٲʧ˴ӻӶСȭͷȻֵΪ˻񣬲ǧ꣬ջѲⷽصֻѰҵȲܴľɵһ;ߵøԶ
ǰΣһʱ£಻ֻǧûջǲ⻯һعޡ֮һΣǳǷĴڣȣ˵ƫƧ˭뿪ⷽأ
Ϊʿɢ֮ûбǳ󺣵Ŀأǧ֮ŷǰ·ޣֺûй㯡ʧ䣡ɴû˳صļͽκΣ
ö֮ݵЩǲòɵ֮⣬κŲĵһһεĽ٣
񣬻ӵһɢīס¡һ̣˲ŷͷͷִõɵִδʧӵң

Ұе޽Լɢīˡ֮ڣֻˡ
Ǻǣ˵ͣϼһֻ»ԥأ˴֮ǳĪһ׮£ɢ˵ϹЦݡ
ʱ麣ѾۼʿμΪĴ۸ӡɢ˶Դ಻ҵģòԳѡԴӻʦ֮󣬱Ϊ˴˴εĺɾ֮׼ײߣгЧ
˴ΪӦɾ֮еĪգԸվΪذɢ˴ٳ֮ơ
ôһŮң˼磬Ҽʶ׿ԶźˣǺǣ
ѽҶʦķԸ˵Ī©ʲôӵһһէʹɢһ漴˼ֵ簮֮顣Ѿͷϲˣ
¾ɾûˣҪȥѰǸһˡûͷûԵһ䣬ɫ̹Ȼ
ɢ˲ʵܲС֪ǽһСӲһСŵʿˣȴСѾͷ˵ģҲϡ棡
ڵĺ֮ϣδк쳣Թ˵³𣬶ſǧľɺޡ
ԭСӻ˵ɣɢ˺ЦŵĶԹѾãԴжš
˵ʴˣҼͬ飬ȴ޶˲ɣ˵ǰֵ˵İ²ɰк֣ұһɾʾҼҳڡ
ɢ˻Ȼͷ˵˿Ų֣ʤ֣˽֮⣬á
ʲôʦһ˫أӳûάһ䣬Ц绨ֵڰǰȹһɵСӣ˭ʱѳԪӤʿһΪ
ǺǣԵɣԱСɢȻһЦ˸˵ʦ
׳һöɢ˵ɾգԵСģΣ֮ʱϷ򡭡
лʦӽӹȻתȥ
ĬȻ˵ĶڣɢҡͷһɵСӣСѾͷ¹Ź֣Դȡŵⷬ棬Ǽ٣ĪǶ˷ġ
ʱѷУȴһ·࣬İ˸ס˿ԶԶƳڵĺһ֣ʹֶΣΪһСӣҶһԿ˭Ӯҡ

麣ĺ
ֵ֮ϲ޾κˣһƽƽ˾ı󣬲о׵ɾڣвֱܵ
æµһѵõУӾ˼֮ͻȻȥΪˣǻ˿
˵ԪӤڵΪֻôһСһϾ붨ɾ֮վǰòйصͼϸϸ鿴Ա
ɾͼŵӣһδúĥŵϣӼ˴֮ӡһݣ˵еͼΪʵصĻҪϸ¼֣
һʶϵʤɽַ֡Լɫ
ɾΪأΪš֮ء䲢ǰ֮ȴֱһһ߹ɵִȥ
޴֮أΪ󣬿ڰ֮·У
Ŵ֮أоͬĴסȥ·еĿԷԾеֻˮ
֮أ˾ŸԾŹУأþ֡
ԭ֮أΪСֲ֮ͬƣĪ⡣
ɽ֮أоɽ壬öˣѴԽ
š֮أؽƶ޷Уֻͽ档вѱᶸȻ٣һ˲䣡
֮⣬ɾ֮Уи׺Զʴӣ
ɾ֮δֲðֵıˣΨнš֮һһѰݳӵʾɾеһ֮Сղִܵ˴ӵɾһûʲô
ѣѣͼ˼μ£һס£
顪
һ˼֮ʣͻȻصߵɫһ漴ˣɵüͷ
ҲӵĽк漴һۣĪǺɾ˿󡭡һְôĳ桭
һεس£Ѿͷ겻ɢ


687 ĿԴ
һ߳ɽ֮ߵɽϻվŲˡ
ɽŵ˶ڣŵʿӿߡӳһЦŴ˸кæʦͽһԶΨлΪɵǰһڼӰ˳ˣ
ɾòСŮӣȴٰԪӤʿһɱ˲õĿ¶֡˭ᱻװڲ
ٱթǻӣʮ⣬ȴˣңԼ̣ʧΪһŮӣ
麣Һβȥʶһ˫ֱҡҷˣһЦɫеڴ
һ˶´һЦ˵ȥö⣡գԺˡ
ףȴ˺һЦаˣ⻹𣿺İŶ
ʱȥδΪӣһ˫֣ⲽǰ˵Ȼ߶ԪӤʿŮҲ
һ漴ֺıӰһڡ侫ɵ°һ̧ں׷ȥ˵СӣôߣŮ޸ܣ
Ѿͷҿǲܳԡܺȣб¾ܸһ༥
һһ˶㵽˺ߡ
ӵʦܣɵת߽ǹལԣȴָԴЦݣЩ졣һʵ˿ףʵǡ
˵ЦѣӦһӹͷһΪҡҡͷԳʵǰϿɾ֮ף
ĳνԵˣֳɡӱԹһ䣬˷ܵ⺣Ѯ֮󣬲ɾ֮ʱҵֻ뾲ǡ
ԭˣһͷӿߵĽΪСеʿЩӰĳ֣ȴްϵ֮֮֡ǳЩʶ
һһڿգɸ߿ռĿԶӰΣȻظŷ
״ɽļͬһЩͲסʿ׷̤ն
ƬܣԶۼŲǧʿеһΪЩֵĽɢޡԾŴݵʿȴټ޷һԼҵĺԶ
һֱƬǲȴڽմʱ쳣ֻͷҫ֮µĺϣܼһתϢһ̣麣һֻεĴֽţγһǧ﷽Բ˶С
ѽôСʧƳһһǼ⣬ߵֵģ˼ǵһؼ𡭡
һüһǣ̧ǰȥ
ͬʱɽĶ֮УԶʦѲŮӲŵѰӣɢ˵ĵմͽһԵʣŮ鳤
ɫһЦʵǺǣǷŮӵģ
ԶЦ£˵ӲԼóȻһСŵĵӣ±͸ΣΪǣŮȥɢɢȴԴӶֵ˷ӿĻҵڣһ£Լҵͽ⡭ƾʵݣӲ޶ܲ⣡
ǺǣΪʦ˵Ըȥɾ֮䣬Ҫšŵľٶ
׳ǣԶʵʱҵָӦء
ǵмѣɢ˵ѲȴٰŵİﴨԺ⣬ŽԿΪãг˵ǧ򻯣ҡ
Զ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵Ϊ˽Բŷø¹ĿڱΣҶǻӵͼ֪ȴʩ⣬԰ɢ֮ģΣŽֲ֮ʱЮҲ
ƣıȫߣıһǰ;Ī⣬ӦʱӺЦȴĿǣʵҵΪʿǱȴרıƵĹǷʧƫģ
ԶһӦ˵ʦָ㣡ԷǺЦҲգұʿ˳Ӧ仯г֪ʱӦϺ򷨹֮Ҫ壡
⻰˵˵˼ֻľ峺̣н񣡵޴ڣ޴ڣɾ֮еһı˳ʱӦưˣɲܱĩöȴԼʿݣʹķҵ
ۣлʦĽ̻壡ԶлһϧʦòԶʤңС
Ƕ£ʤ֮غһְĲƴɱ֮ǲΪãҡҡͷֵɾڲտԸջ񡭡

䣬Ǹǲĵ顣ʿ˵ĻЩҩرԼԶµĹؼãоյȫˣ˴ɾ֮бƵˡ
һðսɾ˵òȴõһ׷ţνø˴˳ȴδ̫ɾ֮һ⣬óԸҲ˳մˣЩʵݣСӣ
̰ĲҪ˵ģÿһɾʱʿɥڴˡɼһð֮ãԵ棬ȱһɡʦͽһ˴ӿǴŻŪԼļʶˡǶ̵һգŵš
麣Ǿ޴лתţ죡֮󣬺ĵ봦ǰȥһطѿһӣΪ죡
һգݵʿ
ݵٶʿ뿪˺ԶгǧӰһʱ֮󣬺ǰ﷽ԲĻڵܱ㼷ˡ
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Ǽתף㶯ʶѱ澿ǧλԪӤʿ˴﷽Բ֮ΧһȦӣһɫڴʮԶǧʼįĽʿ
Σһ̾ôʿڴˣεΪ׳ۣݱ಻Ƨ
뵱ĿԼеһʥأɵƯǧһ·ֱ価羰Σ֪õһԶ·ľͷִ棬ŴæĽŲһֱǰ
߰ɣǵݣ߳һ·
԰꣡ɾ֮ʱΪ׳ۣĿԴڷ˵ʲôһԵʦͽƵƵͷȴԴµشǸ֮ˡ
СڹأȻɫеį㯣վȺ֮УΪܵθأ
һ۹⵭ͷһֱӣɫ˵ɵ㿴ҡԷΪȴֹһЦת̧ͷԶ
ƴͦεӰӽס£֪ΪΣǵĮ۹⿴ʱлȻĴ仵һЦȴ͸ſŵа֮ļ£
СӣϵĹò٣˵һħֵڴŶ
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688 Ŀ
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ʱŵԽڶԶڿеıԵնһֱһ룬ȳȡ
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ԽĻ̼쳹ǧеܣְ̳˸Ӱ˴˷ܣ
ڴɲǣΧʿһɴ۾ŵ֮⣬ŵٰŵİﴨŵĹޡīŵī롢ŵŰӡŵĹŵɢŵɢˣ˾Ŵڴˣʵɶʢ
λѣһᣡӳķңң̬֡죬һֻ
˵ֵɾ֮ʣΪ֮ΪųԶơ٩٩̸ģͬΪûʵĳ滰Ȼֵ֮λòѭ˵䣬ʾԼҵĹȵȡ
ڵȺУɽļվһһЩĻǰ֮ʱǼƮĻ㡣üͷһ壬²Īҷ
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ԣһŲвͬԴqǶˣһ˿ϢƮʹΪ֮һȻ򣬲ɵɫһŮ㣬Լ̫ˣ
ҽһԣһԶһֵģ
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ٰŵİﴨһ縳ӡţɫƽͣǸǵżµ֯ǸóŮӣ˴
ŵһˡòӻҪ׶񼸷֣ߵΪȴԶ
ŵĹޣһۿȥǸòѰߣɫľګʵˣĻأѶԸ
ߴߣرѾõŹ񣡿Σɲ²ɵĲͬЩֵĵӣһǺ¶ݵļư
ŵɢˣӹںصĺ֮УʹһɭɭĲҰסڰգһˡ
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һʶӹһλλˣλδıĳҡǡڴʱһ˵ʶȻϮ̼䣬εĿƾնɲǼ纣ƿն
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ת˲֮䣬Ⱥ¶ܣʮֻ֮һһˡڴɲǣ˵Ѳ裬ȴȻˣɫɵΪ֮һ
顪һУһص˳ȥֱʮ⣬˼ͷ֮סΡ
ΣŶܵ˲׹һ˰㣡
һ㽫һԪӤʿ˳ȥֶʵˣ͵ϮĪԪӤڵĸĿ֮£ƣźڣ˭˴󵨣
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һ֮һ㽫ٲĵزϰʶ㹻ǿٻӦ伫죬ֽ߾ʩչŵ˵ѱȥʶһʬ⣡
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ӵһ˵ǣǷ֮١״ŭȴɿʹѰĳָ˵ȴǳԿԼվ˳ڳ˶ֵļƣ
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ҡͷӱֹ˭һӺ𣬾ŭλǰдͽ̣վСҼʶһ
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Ǭ֮ͥ£һǰһԪӤʿȻ͵Ϯ棬Ǽ٣ģ̫ˡ˵ġǼٵģһŵǱα
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ȴǲµʲôпࡣʦѽδɾؾͱ˼Ҷˣʵһ㣡
ȴǰզ಻ѣ˵СӷôģԭǱǰѵ¡δشȴŭװɵȥ󡣺ߣװǻƣ԰Ӻһһͣǳ֮˭ʦɡ
Ŀ֮£һأԱ쳣ȴǽѲ֪ӡ˿Ǹçײ֮ˣһСң㻹ƻǰɣ
ӽź߳ݵ÷¡鲻ã۹ȴֱָԶŰӡ
˴ԶڳǼλ˽ǲɫ죬һȻŰǺεȵΪݣΪóȻһ˼ƽأ˾ʧ䣬ⲻѿ
ΣŰĸ⡣Ϊŵһ֮СʧǣΪһֻɾ֮ʱɳҽܻ񡣴˾һйͷ֮ޣ˲֪֮䣬Ը
ԸΥһгϣСӵʶ֮ǿԪӤڣһ׵ʶķţʹԼһǰйһ䲻𣬻ֳĶùڳ˵ĶĿ
Сӣ治򵥣


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ǡڴʱһԪӤڵ˹Ȼ˳⣬ǽű͵ϮˣҪѰڳĻǰҪ˵
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ѱǷ֮ʱĿ֮£ΪݵĵˣӲҪΪʿçײ񵣴䡣߳һ֮ȴ䣬ɻԴͷڳĳһλˡ
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Űӵѻ˼аΪһһʶأɢĻڳ˽һŰӡ
īƳһԶɢˣϲ˵£Ǹų˵˾٣ףƷһ׮£ɴƤһܵβŲʡ
ߣǹ׶㰵ѷɢ˳ӹ֣˵֮Ϊǰ֮֮ĲУ֮ĲޣѻСΪã
ӵɫÿȴ벻ʱһӣȴǴһıʮͷСһ˵λԹУһʱվ
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תԶȻʵҾˣԺΪŰӵѣ֪л˵
Ǿ޴أתϢ뵭ɢȥλԨţԵô˴ĹĪ⣡
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ǺǣŰЦȻ˵ҵҵߣɱŹֻһתʢֵλͬڴˣұӵкηأӽ󡭡
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ǧԽںȴֶԴ޿κΡʦֳӵĻǰٱ䣬ջûжǸŵӡŰΪŰԵΪͱˣ˵Сһһֲ⣬ʵԶԸ
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ڴʱ˾ɾ
תأ۹⵭ƳԶһԷȻȴ쳣ǿŴһ̵˻ȥ£ҡͷ⣬ʦԲСǷǱȳˣ
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һ̣ǻǰԪӤʿΪڶĽʿȥ
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ת˲֮䣬ǰ֮кصǽƬ
ʦɾȥӵǵһİΣкšʦͽʾ⣬ͷرȥ
һأȻĬĬʪ꣬ɫ͸һ˿Ź֡䲻ȴǰʵɵûŰɣ
ɫеĻӣʹһһʿԷУӶе˵µɵӺҲ
ν⣿Ӻʵ˵ǲɵӡȵҰԷˣתæ׷ȥ˵ѽ
һǰһ󣬶ת˲ӵ˵󣬲ɵֹסΡ
ǰһƬѣѱڡʶ﷽Բ֮뵣ףɲɾļ
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Ű빫λѷɸת˲䲻Ӱ󣬸ŵʿȥһһʧ֮С
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ߺ˴һѭȥѴʮλųȷȥʿٳɣԶС
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һһ䣬˷С
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ͬʱȴڰеһȻǰһԾǻһģһԭȵӰŻʧǹâ֮У壬˲仯һȥ

ˮļİߣӰ
һ绨ĵ⣡һۻҾɣɫĮȻ
ѽɾඣ·Īǵ˾Ŵ֮أĹ֮󣬷ŮתЦأ㶼ܲġһǡ
ŮΪüƵĻӣҫһԼҵֶΣȴɫһ䡣ǰһ֮⣬һһЦǻɢȥӰת˲֮䲻ټ
ף㾹޵÷ħ֮
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һͨйأͷ֮ޣӻӶСȭͷҧгݵغ޺˵ɶĳСӣǸװɵ
Ƭ̣ԭغԵֵЦ
ҲһԣС

֮£ŸͬĴӳΪһƬޱ޼ʵĴ󡣴˴Ǻɾеľ֮ء
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690 ֮
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˵һ룬Ϊɥ̾һֺʵףʦܣ˽ԳģΪκ𡭡
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ʦϾ˫˫Ψһ֮ˡΣһߣתԼʦܡֵһֻԷ˶ڣԼֿ֮
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ľ֮һɨգһԲʰݡ棬貨Уĳ˵Ļ㣬ȥޣר֮ˡ˵ŻӦ䣬ʱǡꡢꡱ졣Щˮ֮㱻һһҿͷ­ת֮䣬ѪɽǵĺˮһƬ
Ǽλ޲Ϊǿ֮׺ö֮ͽ˵Ϊ⣬ҪǿѰʿһκһƴһ֮С⣬䲻ֻǵħ
һ˵ɾ֮еؽƲһǴƾ˴ĵһӤ죬η֮µκһˡľ⼸ǱΪߣѰ·ˣ
ȻŰӲݣɱһѪ·
էһ˵ѵУǰ׵߻֮ľһͷˮУں׶ܡ
ɱ˲䣬һȻת˫ľվֱ̧֮źһ㡣ϵٿȻɳһ߽ˮգ۱㸿Ӱһ·
ˮɽ֮Уʪܵ߾ԷľһֱչץСΨĿѡ
ɱŵĵӣſϷ򡭡
ˮ΢ĺϣľζţһȻһֳһץߣ˫գ
δһ˫üѪһ͵֣໯صϡδ׹䣬ٴλȭ
ˡ
}}һһȭߵ

˲Һ˺ѷΣһ̧һŽ߷ɡѪܵȴǶһһüĿԪӤǽ˫ĿС˶оǾ֡
ͨ
ʬˮһȻأԶеԪӤǺü֮䣬йĳâ˸аһȽٰ㣬ɷˡ
΢΢һĮȻɫһ˿ĺ⡣ͻȻһߵԪӤʱըһѪˮ¡ͬʱһϸѪٿûڵħӤ֮С
Ȼһ˫ۣɫأˡ˦ֱۣһѪȥǵĺѪһ߾ʬš
֮һٴλ˫ۡŹھŵĺĬĬţ̧ץȥһһǬˮзɳת˲ûӰ
ʱһתӵˡΪˮľ֮ȻǰһԶͷҲ̧˵ɡ
кһӵ˵ķ죬һľȥֽϥͷ֮ͷҵĺڷסһ
ŭףתۼ㾲ֹˮһǰľֹྶͥԴȣ
ľ϶ӰˮеȻʧ֮ⷽУѪɱδɢڴˣͷסһĺս
ٺⲻ˸п䣬ʦ˵ЦȴǿŴ죬ֹסس
ʮλԪӤʿôתۼûˡ
ûоĶǵɱֻһ¾
ľϵЩˣڵĸְǼλΪǿǴʱȴ޻֮ˮĺ«㱻һһԿǡߣ˾ȻͳԪӤôһˡ
ʦܣ⻹𣿱ΪǰѺ֣ȴɱӲһжвһɵסа
ɨ֮󣬵üǣΪѻأ
һɱ˵ĳ棬ʹʵӾ㵲ѡ
ԴˣͬǾΡȥЩˣԼµĴڣȴɱ¾һ̣ǸͬܣǶһ˼ֵľ⣡
λֵѲǵ֣ӵʶ֮
һɱ¾ȥǾδ֪Ǻˮʪ䣬ʧɫɪɪǹӰɡΣͷʦֿĵֶΡ
һԵΣɫ԰סʦÿ򶨵صͷ漴͵͵Ƴˡʱ䣬ͷһϮԳ֡
ˣĶ֮裬Ҳˣһɱļһûý޳
ľƮںϣһͷɡ
ˮеļ˳Ƭ̣ӴͷԾˮ档ˣʦͽԾľкԲ֦ػ


692 ɺ֮
ľһȴϸľɡƯǺ֮ϣΪƽȡ
֮νǰ˳׼ľɽļˣǻѳʬ׵ʿ˵ֺγˡ
һֱ̾޳ӦӲϾ죬ת۱Ѹ磻ŭ꣬ٿΪգѲ⣬ǰ;֪˭ֲӮأ
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ƣ··Ҳˣ֣ȫһ֮䡣
ΩΣΩ΢ȥ룬ȥ˱ߣȴḡվ֮ж˼ֵʡпѰһ֮
棬˭˵޻Ǹأ
ʶľ֮εʲõز֦ҡԹس䵱Ŵе
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ӡûţһֻˮʹľɣ
ƾǼæµţκϵķ粻ʱڷһǰǰĬȻšˮ̧ͷüħŨﾡһƬѪ졣
Ƭ֮һ˫ֽӡҧأƺ漴˫ۣΨһ˫ü𡢶
ʱһ֮Уҳһ㡣
ħӤɱڣǹŷЦɢħռȥĴطԾɲϰݡ
ͬʱħӿٻ㼯֮У׳ħӤƣһӤΪԴԪӤڵԲʱħӤͻ֮ףжͷδȥӤΪһı
ΪԵʣӤЩήҲħӤͱˣȴ޿κΡӤΪδؽƶڶаԵħӤԿ
ԭһֵܣת۷Ŀɳʵһϲ
ɾʱһڵ쳣麣ӿ֮УȻ̺޵Ԫ
ǵ˵Ԫ֮Ͻ磬򣬶Է׵ʿá
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ǿϽ˲ſɵԪȴΪԼãʵ⡣ħӤӤˣ˵ɵǰΪֵڴ
֮һУմմԵõһ಻ԡ
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Īⲻ̫׷̫СԵʣ
һԱ֮δӵٵʱ򣬶ԷԹԣԸͬˡ
˫ȭԺ飬壡
һɱ֮ħӤһɱ¾ÿԭʼҰԺѹֵ̫̫ãһͻȻ
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һ쳣֮ʱ˲ӵˣֶԸҰѱħӤ

֮󣬾еһٴλ̧ͷڷƮţ峺⣬һĨ޵ĿЦ
ѹȥ˶á
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һͷ¡һ¹ȥˣͣһӤ棡ֳֵ鷳Ĳʰ
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ʦܣɺáҵأǰӰ֡
ӵĻһ׿ҵ˼̧ȥһ̣ǰļ֮⣬мʿӰڻζš
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ӷЦãһ龪һ
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һҵŻˣǺܾû˵Եʣֻһ׮£Цſڱֹס
ŶһŲɫŶԷ
ǰһȴɱ˰ҵһ߻ˮһ߿ǵսľǴӣ˲áģһԵֵȡЦΪҵȰΣǿʩչΪžɱ֣ɻǵ
һֲΪЦⲻԼֵ˵𡭡
Լֵ಻ɣһӣ΢΢Ƿ˵лֵ֡
״һʦֻʦ񣬿ڳƶл֮ϴŸж֮飬ȴæңе֦в
λض񣡡һڰ˵֣µģ룬ֵ֪ݵʿҪɱҶ졣˴˷ֿУȡ
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û뵽һڴʱʳĻҡҡͷһ˵лǰɱԻ·סһת˫һ̯Цδͷɲϸҡ
ӵĻ͸ԲʣȴᣬתһǳǳһЦ˵ްͬУֵĪҵȲźã
ǰˣһ΢Ц⣬ʦͬŵʦʦܣ˵Ŀвͬȴ޶⡣Ī֮գλûη⣬Ҳѵã
˵ʱ򣬺̴
ľϵĵѣٿ


693 ɷͬ
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λȻٽľҵһá
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˵šòͲһǸԵ಻ͬæңԽ벻
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⧲˺֣ߡͨһˤڵϣ𡣿ɲ֮㱻һԸϵֵϸĻ߻ɡڴʱγƴȥǼһѷɽŵ֮ҿ
ɾߣɶԪӤʿһͨŹʿԶٴȺܡˣ߻ǵֵһ
ߣ㣬ΪζľԾŻֵָΪڱӲɵðڳ˵ɽʱļơһȭ˶Է֮۷ŭ
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λŭӺݵɢޣڶɺðԷҰ֣Ǳ񡣼ֳ֮˲δǰ˿
аԣٳһ
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˻ҪûˣȴֹӵһΣʵдΪƫҪǺ
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һ˿գŭӣסƺһһԪӤʿõķû
Ȼ䣬ϡ޴кԹֻ㬶һԡ
˵ϷŪӵЩҲסһأ첻һЦڰ˵ֻΪֶʹǱˣſǽһŶ
һ۹Զ˻˼ؿһĴ
ϰһ죡ӵֵΪԱ֮δ֪Σһ֪ⷽ
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һͣ½Ųתʵιʣ
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һδӦü𣬺ӡ·죬һߡ˴˲Ƽˮ꣬ת۱ֺʶ˾ֹȣѰɢޡ
Σӵ˹
Ǻǣͨɢ޲ӣλѣ˵һλߣ԰֣źɫۣԸ̬뷢ףüۺƣδſڱ¶޺Цݡһ߳˵ͨɢ޿ӡ
һݵߣ絶̣˫Ŀ䣬ºϡҰסݵԵʣһϮɫĵԵЩ˵ʱֱһרעϿҡ
λֶֺţһŮڡתĻ˿ƲһǷ˵ͨݵɹλѣǺǣżԵɾ֮꣬ɲһԵ
˵ŮŲϼȹ˹ģȴмֵɫü£ɫ𪣬Ц̬޵֡˴˫һֲ˵в֪λԺηɷͬк


694 ͨɢ
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ﻺ˻ƽӱ˫֣תְ˵ľֻǺˮ˵֮ʣ˵۹һԵĵϡ
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źоκˣ·Ⱥвһжα鲼ԽϢ׶˾ڣԪǻĪ⣬оʮʶ
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ǬɴСǬֻװһֻľϣν֮ĲȻֻԼһʱ
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Ȼ漴һڣ˵˵ͨʦ޹ˣӦǽǬ˲²ĵط˵ţһԷɫ죬ŹЦա˺˼ȥѰ˴طЪϢ
ôһһԶµӲ⣬ȴǶŮӲһɢޣļʶǾƽӶɾָƣǾݵľŴʿûͰɣ
⣬ǲӣһһաĪװɵͨɢޣС
һ֮ʱЦһ˵ǺǣŲſһ˵ְת۶Էԣϥ˵޵Ѽʶ㣬ǽ˹Ŀ࿴
ͨΧһ𣬱˴޼䡣һеĲ̲ס廰λֵĪҪˣͨݵĵɹȡ
ӰֹԲݺƣЦϲһ仰δ˵꣬ԵֵҡԴɵӡ
ŶһǼˡŹӣǲΪغЦҡͷƽ˼ΨֱͦͦڵĿ
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695 
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˵գûǲӼƽϡǺƯ࣬ʵˣô˻ЪϢ˵˴ֻΪٿɵϢˣǰУźá
˴£ҹֻԼʱСյĹ⾰ȥ֮һоĴ
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İߣĿȥ̲죬һ޼ʡ
µһɽļⲻһͨݵɢ޵̬ɣٲɽһС
ɴǰȥձƽٺָ㣬תɽļˣ֮䣺ֻѰһе·òһ꣬ɵִλԵɴ
ⷬܣЦеΪ򵼣ȥٵ鷳ʦͽɫȻ׷׵ͷ͡
һʱ֮䣬˴˫Цݣ̹;ʹĻ󳩣
ҿ£ƽɫ¶ĪЦ⡣ӵͷһӣɽļкλص飬̰ɣ
һʼδһֱĬĬź棬ȴڴʱʵλѵΪΪβжɺҪͬأ
ƶԴԤϣͨݵ˽ɫ䡣ƽƳһһ˵һ˶ڣ׳ɫɾãʶ˼λѣ಻񰡣
Ǻǣҵɢޣ˴ﰵָЦȺǰȥͷҲصҵΪƣֻԸõĴɼʹ˷ֵ𣡡̧׳һѷɽڽ£һϼһԾ棬ǻ
ת֮䣬ͨ˷ֱ֮ϣȴδԶȥǷ׷ת򰶱ߡ
һСĽʹɽļλͬܲΪȻͨڿգǰһ벻Էһ밶ȻУɹѰ
ʦܣľûôĪٳɣһͬ·ɡЦʦͽһͬɫڴ
һЦЦδӦʣȼһѷɽϡת˲֮䣬𣬲ͷϲգһ֮ؾأ
Ȼˣһֻʦͽһ뿪˰ߡٲǰһһᣬԾ˳˰ѷɽڽ£ͷȥ
ں֮ϣǻƵѱһƬǡһ̣нѾõļȥ˵ɣ֮תΪѸڡڡڡ
ͷһһǿֹסΪתļˡȻͨ˽Իָ𵤳ڵΪֻڵΪȴֹڡ
Σһüһ漴ɫ糣ƵԵʣںϵʱ򻹿˵ǳ֮ϣ˴˸Уϣͨ˵ʵΪΪԪӤڵԲɢ֮Уĸֿɲ
ͬʱӵ࿴˶ߣ΢㵡
ͨݵļǱ˴˻˸תǰȥΨ̬ºͣȻһЦȴƶһӶȴǳкͬУ˵Щл;Щį߲ûؾЦӦ֮󣬱˹ȥ
״ӲΪعһЦǰͶ£ںһȴҡҡͷֻĬĬ˹ȥǶڱ˴˴һʵʦܣǼΪһ˻ص;˼į
ĺ沢쳣ֻһ㱡һɲӡˮǲ飬ΨеԪ뵶⣬оŵӹǰɳۡ
ɾ֮ڣ޴ڡʴˣУ߷ɣֻںϰɴСչȥһ·֮ϲⷢɽļ˽ʼղʦͽߣŮӽ죬˴˼̸Ц
һչȥϵ²״·ɡʼǰͷƽӽ棬ŮӾУһһңһ
ɾͼʾռ㣬Բʮ·ѹȥС룬òʮյĹɵִһ
ȥղ⣬һǰ˿ǲܵ˻죬ͷ˼ֵ
ͷǰ·ֻСΪ㣬ѱ򣬾ôһ·ȥִδ˵
֮Уһɾͼüͷͼ֮Уһģ;Խ˵Աڣȴѿһֱ·ͷ֮󣬾ںӣܲ֡
ƽӲ֪ɾΡһһաǰ·أ
һͷ֮ʱǰİ½⣬Ȼ״䵽˽ǰ֪ͷ£λŮӡ
֪ʦͽ˷ܣЦݣһԣͣתľƽȴɫ͡
ɴңյ·̣ɵִһĵ˴ĵرɼҶַҵȲǰȥգһ񣡡һ˵ƵƵͷֺ͡Цǰľƽ˵Եʻᣬɴ仰дżֿζҪȡλͬӦʡ
ϣƽȴЩҡҡͷصձɴԽֺαؽ֦أǡһһա˵ɽ֦ѰǴҪ֮¡
ȻҪȴ޷;Ѱɾʮ֮ãֺ뼱һʱﲻ꣬ȴ
ֲ巢ʲôסʦܡһͬһ¶ȴشͨ˵һһ
ֻ֪֮Ϊļĵɽصڡƽӻ϶ȴִֵط˵Ҳԣλһ۱֪ǰ󲻹գ񣬺ֶΪأһԵƶԴ˼Ϊģһͬ
ŮദĲв֪˵ЩʲôһԴȵʱȴƽӿ˵ҵѾãʵϴܣ棡䲻Ȱ裬ʵΰȥδӣֵӵѶᣡ
Լִ˵أ
μƽӵĻûᵽԼʧ䡣ɴ೭˫תһԣеĿݾ֮С
ӵӣź룬һʱ֪롣;ͻȻִⷬǣʦͽǺã޼ƿʩ֮£һߣ˫һ̯ȴһԲ˼˵㿴Űɣ
üǳȻǶԾƽΪתһ˵ֵѲ˶Ϊѣ˴ҷͷбǣʮۣ֮ɢɺã
ãһӦӴһӣɵ˵ԹܶУɽ˾ֿ
ҡһ˫Ų׽Ц⡣ҵŮһȣ˵ûԸκΡ仰δ䣬£ǳ˵ӣ治Ը˴˷ֿͬбɣ
⡭ӶʱûƢòתһ
ĺ֮ϣܡ̤գ˴ɫ졣
˽ԿԼһƲǡֵһ


696 Ī˻
һоˣ֮;ͨݵ˺ִҪȥѰƽ˵в޲ر֮أִǰС
һִģ֮£ȥδӵľٴһͷϡ֮Уͷǽءһ͸żֵĹ졣ǼǰУǰ;תѰΪǣƵı
ĬĬǰԶˣƬ֮һЦ£˵о仰ô˵ţ־ͬϡȻ˴߲һǷֵɣ
ͨ΢㵣ʦͽΪ֮һ
һδɵ˵ѣִȥԱ㣬ˡĳˣֳ
Ӽɽ˵ͬˣɶ񡭡䲻ᣬһ˵һߣ֮ͬͬˣǰУѰ㵱оϡƽӵѡ
һתһֳͷ˵ȷѾĻͬУ׳ƵȵȣԵɲҲգȻִһǾʹ˱˴°һŲɵƣʾΪ֮
½һһתҪƲ˶ǰС
״ͷ޶ԣֻεҡҡͷһ̣ͨݵ˽Ϊģ
֮еɫã̾Ϣһ͵һˤ䣬תʦܣҵȵҡ
ת֮䣬ɽ˱Ҫֿʹһҡͷһ룬ʦʦöˣٻǸֵѡң
ˣ֪֪׵ĶˣҪĸͼɢ˷İɣ˵һǸ˲޺֮ģ㹻ˣ
νԼȥʹ㵲ѡһȻĻʹһеͷȴżϧǸȻһЦ˵лһ⣬⡭Ϊʦ߰ɡ
̾һתǣɫȻæһʦͽѯԭɣȴԶȵ޵ѣΣ
һɳȥһʮԶȴΡǡʦͽ֮ʱ͵ͣתһ˫üббͱˣ޵ɱɢǶʱԣɫ䱸
ת˲֮䣬ɫɡ̧˿ҵķңˮĪ۹ˣתһȻһЦ˵ʧˣֲźã
˻һˮƳɢޡǲأԴЦ֣ɫУƽ벻ŷһУ˺޸ϵ
ߣҪߣ裡ӣ񡣿ǰ಻סͷϲ۹ⲻǶʦͽҡԵȴڽ䱸֮࣬ס֪Щʲô
ȴǲΪܵһǷһתһżֵɫ˵ҽöһ֮ʹɽ˲죬Īɣ
һͷδ¶ɫȴǰ¡ǶʦͽȴΣһʱʴӡȥǵѰһϼƵġ
ǲܣλּ£ƽ֮󣬽ſһ˵ֵˡ
˱ã˶·֣շӡҲкſӣͷһǰͷƽͻ״˵ҵüҲλѣ롭ʾ⣬ڳ·ļƾǰȥ
ãǽ㲻ã·˵ѽЦº̧ͣкʦͽٴǶС
ıӰԶȥӾ˰Ѻ룬ҡҡͷŮ˵˼ˮһѲ⣡漴ֳһһӣں˵·Ҫ˵ţתһ׷ȥ
ôãһɡͨݵˣ⣿̧ǰʮɵİ˸Ӱһֻ׺Уͷȴ˼ѡ
һʱȥŨصһδ⡣ɲһ̣ǰеӰȻģűһһʧ֮Уʹʶѿ١
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Ӧֻصӿ
ת֮䣬һһƬãã֮Уϲ⣬²棬ǰǰ˸˸Ӱ١
ͻ䣬һȴΣңתˡֻһɲǣͷһֻβδ˰벽ǰ¼׹ȥ
æ֮Уһ־йâһȴ޹ա׹֮£һԳܻסβűһХǰ˲Ϣã죬ȥ
䡪һһڿշ˸ͷΡǰΣɵͷ
һɴСɽȣΪֵʯɽƣ̧ͷ⣬ֻܿƬƽ̹ĹȵأɫȻʦͽˡ֮⣬ɽ»һɽβ
Ѱӵˣһ԰Էȴǿŷ֮סüͷ˵ԼΪգɿɽʯı»еġɳʯһĹȵȴ𣬸ػĺۼ
ɶ뵽֮У
ʦܡ
ֵѡ
ϡͿ׹Ƭȵأӵ㷲һǿɣ⼸˲ɵðңæ
űͷһؿ£ԼεĽʵʵ˼Ҿõ壬˲ŭ
һɫˣӿƵɱǰʦͽɵֹ֮󣬼˵ͷ
˰㣬Ѳ³ĺ֣ӵ˻Ĵҡ֣Ī˻ȻⲻҪô룬֮飡
ޱɢޣӵ껹ҪɣޡӺ޺˿ڣһҿοҵȲ޴вԿֻѰ֮ȥǡ˵ʦܡϢŭ
ദվãӺںһʦܡ䶯ס⡣ԼǴӲԿ˰һʱһĳ嶯ôˣ
ʦͽ˲ȴһԹעһĶʶ˲ԵʣɫεȻӣȴԻҡ
һӰڰ֣ʾԷض˵˫üһɱһɳĳâתɨˣͶɽȵķ
ΣʦͽԽס˸սǺгâ۹ӹһɲյգΣֺһɱĳֱָʹ˾Ѱȴֵֿͷ
һŭ֮η⻹ѰʿֻлǰŻ˵ưɣ
ʦͽȻʶͫ˫Ѫէ֮ʱ˶ɱοɲͷһؼˡ⼸˾֮ʱһ۹ɽŵһͣ٣ɽȵһæ¡顱һƣŭȡ
H֮


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һŭȣʹһãȻĹˡ
˴Ϊ֣治嶫ǼǼɢ޵Ӱһǳ˭˵
йâŤ£ɽһĿյϾðͨɢ޵Ӱ
״ӵɫһ䡣ºֵˣȻ⼸ɢޡڵһ֪ԷĴڣ
һȴǶԼλɢ޵ͻȻ⣬ŭʵΪ⺦ңʵ
ͻȻλɢޣһ̬ɡһǰʮԶͣΪ׵ľƽ鳤룬һЦ˵̸⺦㣿С
СӣΪһֱ˼ҵƨɺأһԵĲЦֲ֧ӣ˼⡣
һصͷ˵һϷˣġͬֺר˵һ
żλ̳ͬԽǰһԷһЦԶŭĿӵȴǺؿһʵѵķͨʵף㿴ô޵ϵнɷأ
װģľƽӵˣһȥеĳâŭ߳ԪӤڵʿȴԳԾӡװɵΪǡҿȲһȺʳ֮֮ͽٲʵ˵Ҳ
һŭͨݵ˲Υ裬ɫм
Ǻǣ֮󣬸ҶҵΣԶߣʮƽΪԸҡҡͷ˵Сڿı㣬ƾʵݣǵϷɲ㣡
ӡԴζЦݿһɫеı벻мԱ˿̶ˣ
ˣӲٳȥ󷨣ҴսһŭϷˣһأϡͿ֮УܲΪ߷߽ӡʮ⣬ʦͽ֪½٣ѸԼɽԴ
ֹ̧ӣһžƽӵˡƬ֮Ȼ˵֮ǰǺ֮ϣȱвͬУδ֮󣬱ǿȴһߡβ֮£ֻþۺ䡣Ȼϳ˴ڰ֮£ʰҵȥ
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֮󣬼ҴˣȱĴ˼ɣͬСһ˵֮ϣͷװɵһֻΪҵ̤塣;УҵɣǷͼ
ƽﻻȻǺһ˴ߴٶԷ˵ȥһ˼ĬȴǶһͣ
һֳͣҵȶ˲¼ɣΣֿˣԱֶ֮ۺȥδӣæ֮£ҵȽԻɽ䱸мơ˴һüһ߳ʣȰٰ̬ⲻԶ˴˲İ·꣬ΪҪ˼Ӻң
ͨݵ˱˴ɫо棬в졣꣬ɫľƽתһ˵Сӣ֮Уأһ֪Ҳģ֪
һһƽ˵ԵʣҵȲŲòһȫܻ©˷˵ı಻ȻֻҪȰϷһæѡ
ŵôԣӵãȻ֮ʣȴ߷߲ѡæɫˣȻֺαҪݺһȴǣЦ֮
ʱͨ˵˼ڽ֮⣬˼ֵȻ
ƽӶһĲ²Ⲣδʸڷϣ˸ǣ˵ԶɽɽûУֻǰȥȡһϷȣΣ
ʦͽͷ֮ʱ顱һ졣æֻͷһֳЦǲ֪ν곤꣬ⲻȴδɴǿ񡣶ȴһٶۣĪΪҵȿ˰ڲ𣿡
һŭⲻǿ˹
ҿͬ飬ƽɫŭ
һΪԪӤڵСӶѣֻʹڵֶΣȴ˵Ĳʵ⡣ֵ֪ͨĿǽΪ˴˵ǿһĿȻ
ƽ£ƽ˫֣ƴǣƵɼвӣϷ㽫һӽɽ
ձ¶ľƽӣһΪ壬ǴЦͷ༥϶ҿû£ºһ̧Ӽʾ⣬ȻȵҪɱˡ仰ţȴ֮ӡ
״ʦͽͷȻ˵ɽΪɣһȻؾΪ֮١⼸ɢ޵Ϊɲ⣬ǰǺϵʮ˿ɱȣܴ
ƬĪɽ֮У֣ɱǰͬеľˣڴʱš
ʦͽԶԶһԣ㷲ضųϵΡ
һֳݷ˵ڿ˶ֵļơ
ɱˣбɱڳһλǿЦҲͨݵ֮һ¶Źֵ
ŵǷ²ʹ˾С˼ܣǹˡ䲻ڵգֵǳóȻ࿹νçײ쳣
ͨݵλɵСӰһǰйЩأһ̵Ȼ޴棡
һϧҡҡͷⲻһ޷صĻ°ˣյ³ע
һǰǰɵɵЦţ۹ȴһ˿Ϸʵ⡣ͬ﷢һ֮̾ɫį֪ĪǶϲԵΣͽһɵҡҡͷ
ƽӵɫɣΪȴӽ𵤳Ϊ𵤵ڡƻɢƳһת˵ȡ篣Ҫ֮£ٵȥҹζ࣡λͬ鲢飬ֵҽǲСɱˣٽ¼ӽɽٳ󷨣Էݡ
ĻУǽһˡйǣ½֦ʱľƽûġԸλͬΪ漴𵤵ڡ
λĪǻĸˣι۸ҵȡĿɿڴӽס˾ȻĵΪؽ֮£ԼһеΪ߲ڰɶԷȴŽڵΪʦù˼أˡ
ߣʵ̤ԪӤԲ꣬໯಻벽֮ңΪɾ֮У˴ܷؽһΪƽ⣬ֵɾ֮У뻯һսȼСĪҪǺǣ
ԣԶʦͽЩ֪롣֪ڽӣסܻһСһСޣңңָͨݵȲԪӤڵΪѣȴԻǰԾӣˣģ治Ҫ
ⷬʵʹ죬ɱȴܣƽΪĹ򲻲Ǳƺһ°ۣһ֡ĬĬͷſ³ӣһ
ģǳ˴ӿ˶Է⣬ͷ£͵һţֵܣʦܣˣҪȴһѾ˴ӣͷҲصغȵվסҪң
СϸңأӰԸ֮ʱɴ۾ʵʵֹס˽Ų
ʦһȺܲ񣬻Ҫɱˣôˡ


698 һʧ
ǿӼϮ֮ʱǿһδȥȴһ̬սˡ
ǰȻͬΣϡ
ӵ˲ȴΨңֻĵԶ
ͨݵļλɢ޲漴ͻȻСӷŵֻưˣ
ӵķһˮķɽڲ֮Уűɱ⣬ֱһȥմʣеȴֻ
һתӴܣδݵǰƮУ᾵ָһ㡣ˮĽűɱ֮ƣ͵Ϯĳ˵ĺġ
ΣͷһŵǰһܣȴеɨȥǡײϮķɽ
顪
ҫ۵ĹâĺУɽ衣һǱɳȥͷ֮󣬾ǰȻŶһڣ漴ɽжȦӡ
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װɵ϶ֶβˣƾ󷨣ҺΣʮ⣬һƵأڳ첻µزµ
СӲ޿֣ƣǲ֪ƽüͷɫв̧֣͡ȴֲòֻͣȻһͬһֱһȥͬʱ˫ſӭѪɫȻɱڡ
շӡˣСڵϦƽӵ˷
ϵ˲Ϣ䣬Զ˲Ϣ
Ǹ𺣬зЦɽзɿƮУˣͷѪԽɳצڣëȻ
νġշӡﻹаֳմӣǷһλɱ˵ĸ֣
һ̣һټܣֳ۹бҡ
Ƭֵɽ֮У׶Ī⡣ɽͨݵľƽӵˣԼʮԶʮ⣬ѪԸƲɵ
ڴ֮䣬һ˫üᶶǺ޷𡣲֮£ֶȥͬʱſ³һ⡪
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˲֮ʱֻһֱ᳭һ೤Ľ𽣻Ȼ֡
䡪һ죬һͷѪԵĶ
һһԾڿգн𽣡ৡһ±б˹ȥ͵ɱһϯȥһͷ׺ѪԾƣȻɢ
ͷѪԣת˲ȥһ룬ӲΪ֮һۿű˴಻ɣʧΪ
״ͨݵļԹ߲Ȼ
ƽѰвæ˳󷨡漴־ȴֺȻɫ
ֻһڰգ죬ɱȻȻΪȻ𵤳ڡڣת˲𵤵ĺڡ
ϵˣ֮£ǿΨһͷڴؽ֮£ԪӤڵʿн𵤳ڵΪһᣬ˵ǿ󣿶ܹ֮
ϵˣƽӡﾪ֮ʱȻѹС޿ְһ𵤺ڵʿĸڵʿ˵ͣǻĸˣΪܷ֮Уշӡ׶༪٣
ϵˣһΪʦͽ롣ֻɽ⼸ȴΪ˿ʦܡֵѶϷçײ֮ˣȻڰһ֡
֪Ӳҳǿһ٣Ѷ֡ǰεʱΪȴȶԷ㡣׺ѪвֶԷһɼ˴˵ǿ֮𡣴ʱ˿̣䲻ͷݱһ
һԳմʾ˵Ŀӣˡýթ쳣̧ٻطɽ󣬱ų⼱ݶȥ
һ˫üһʱˣۣҪɱˣӣ
ڰ䣬ӰȥӴܵһɲһ˫ֳֽŭն¡ĽâǣٿȻǧĽȥնǡƽ˾κˣֻҫ۵Ľâ㣬ʱûǲ̵ֻӰ
Һ𣬱ȻֹӾҵĽâɱ顣Ѫư꣬һԪӤԲʿһغʬ޴棡
ѪȵĲҾĿ̶ãϾʶһɱ¾ӵ˼ֲ֣ɢۿͬǾΡ
һֱͨݵΪԸɢޣпȵΪȴǲڼΪڻǰĸ֡Ըݵʿֵ֮˵Сģ©˷ס˶֮󣬾ƽӵ˲δģʩչܷΪֻǳıѾõĴ¿һ͡ȴ룬ͷ֮£Ȼȥһλͬ飬ʵ⣡
ﻨʧɫĿɿڴƽӾ֮࣬һȲ־
ɱ˿֮һδиδأֱ̧һġֻǬ̴컯ٿȻȥ䲻Զӵ˴ȵ󷨡
ӵ˻򣬼æһȴΪʱֻɽ֮жʱããҡ
ӴֹæкԿɢӦͷһˣֻﻹʦͽӰ
񡭡ʶ̽飬ܻûжӽסĻ֪ˣֺʦôԶأһ߱ԹţһСĽ䱸ȴԲԶһлȻ
ʮ⣬һ󡰿˺ײͬڶš࿹
֮һϼ־תǬ󡣿ɽδԸ㵲ѡ
ǬɽԱһ׳̡ʱԡεıס죬߾ȫƾǬ֮ܣǿһʮҵ󷨡
ͬʱǸƽӻڼ߶ɽȵĴƱ
󷨷ɱһ㣬ڶƾˡֱ˰ʱ֮Ǭأ
κβһƽӲò֣ͣˡ
֮һȴơ
׹ɽ֮֮ʱһӦ֮ߡ֮£¾ƽӵ󷨡ˣֻƣӦϼѡ
ʴˣһ㾡֮ܣֻƽӵ˽󷨡˴˾ԷϾ󷨣ԽǼɢ޾ɱˡԽ⡣֮ǰһçײУǻĿˡټٵı󣬲ûԵʡ
֮ϣһΪ
ңؽ̣ȴǶһһ档˵Ϊ⣬ȴзáӵΪʱָΪǾˡ
ֻʾͷһٻΪС֮£˰㣬⶯ɱϾƽ⼸ɢݣֻǿһ󡣲֮£ֻɱ֣ټǬԱ
ǧǣһʧοԵĸΪǽԷǱѰĸ֣һӦ
ÿ˶ռ˶Կ޷һԸĳˣ
벻Ըľƽӻֵͷ󷨣ӦԲǬףɽȵΪ
Բ˵󷨣ƽӵ˵ҲЩֶΡ⼸˵ĴĻǣͼʲô޵Ǻڣɽڵкô
⣬в֪ӵ˵ˡ


699 
Ǭ֮Уһ˫ü˼Ƭ̣ɻֻգתԡͫ͸ȥ
ʦͽˣ赲ǻһʱݣһ԰
ɽȵıԵ֮⣬ƽӡɫأ֪˵Щʲôʱʱеһ߿
һһҡͷ⣬Ǽϲ֮ˣ½أ˼ɣָʲôֻ󲻵㲻κˣɾʮ֮ãеǹ
뷨ӽӽӵ˲źã֦ڡ
Ĵһ۹ڼĵϡ˽֮ǰһƬѪ֮УһɫСǬ
Уһϡ
߳⻪ϮˡǶСˮ֣Ϊ鶯ԪӤΪɶ֮
ǿΪװɵȴǲסһоˮȥֻΪãʶӡд档
΢ġһĨȥ֮ӡơ˷ɽʶǬ֮С
һϵǬûˣǶöһΪͼһɹȡͼ䷽Բȴɽ֡ׯԺȵȣΪʵ
ǡɹȡһһ˼
֮ǰֵĲطȴɲꡣͷǹŪ飬ǰָ˴֮ǰǺ⣿ĪΪ˴˺һעţˣƽӵ˵Ļ֮̾Ϊֹˣ
ЩֻԼ޶˲²ɣ
һ־ϸϸȥɹȵͼ֮Уרűһڣûַעصƣصӡһʱ޽⣬ֻҡҡͷԺȥĥ
üһһǷһĨЦݡµö֮Уһƪһƪ޵ķΪйء
ͨˣڴ˵Ϊ˷Ƽ򵥣ȴΪĲ룬ؽƺҲǼȴ֮ǿһΪν֮١
ҵǣµ⡶ͨΪˣһϲѡ
д˷ûɾ֮£Ϊֹֻһ㣡
һ봧Ħеķɽб䡣̧ͷȥɵٴüͷ
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ƽ˵ͼǳ׼Ҫӵ˱ƽɽ֮С
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ȴǺǺЦշӡһޣȴڴˣǺǣðϲЦ⣬޺СǸ
ͨʶ꣬н顣ΪʿǲȳˣܲΪ˶˷硣Ȱοѣ꣡κɵⶣ˳Ϊã˼ֵӵ˲ΪǣһʵԶԸȥǾ˸ţҵȲͽ޹
ƽΪȻصͷ˵һɾرգҵͼؽ¡ʱЩ˲Ѱɾ鷳ˣ
޵ԭǿɼҽƣҵд˴нǻһȴ𣬿ɼͬСɡﰵһ˵ʹ˵ȥҹζࡣΪ֮ƣҵֻƽϡ
ԣƽɫһתǶıʵ˻
Ȼ޷ǿҵΨȡɽеĴ󣬰ֳǳǳЦݣԷ顣ֲ˼˵Ϊʣ˵Ϊڣ
ƽӾһȻףȴֳ꣬£ʵ￴˾Ƿ׵
εҡҡͷ˵ˣĪ⣬ҵֻԱӦ䣬˳ƶΪŻƽӻڳֻ˵֮ġ֮飬־ӵ˵֣ҵȱֶ˼ֵĳ㡣ֽΣҲˡ
˼գһԵĲ˶˶ԻеǺЦһҲˣ©˵³ֻһֱף˵»кֲźã
ƽᣬḧ޵ԣƣоϣתɽ˼־ٿһ䣬ʦͽɽȥֱǼ˰˶ڣա
ڴ˴ȺȥˣԸƽӾٲɽȡ

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ʱ˿̣ĪֻԹ۲ɣ
ƾ衰ͫǬӦʱ仯֪ɷȵӵˣ
˼֮ʱǾƽ󷨣һ㵡ͷˣʲôУĪΪɱ㣿
һڣƽӾǬʮԶվܱ鲼ȻǶĳ˷
ˣһԸʧ־ֳƵ϶ȻԸԾӣұֽһȥ󷨣˴˽һΣ
ƽɫ£漴Ц˵Ǻǣд裬Ѱֻ˴Ҫ̣
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´һһתƽӣΪȻƲƲ죬˵Ը֣㲻ڣл˵
ƽӵͷɫ˵ҾڴˣԵ¡
ڴˣ϶ƤʵûûĻ˵óڡһüһſڱ϶Էַ߳Ϊˣʵʵ˵ȻǶʹ죡
һϣƽӲɵƺԻ˿ֻûһת˵޵Ϊء
ƽӰڳƪ۵ļƣһͷذڰ֣ʵɾͼУιʲɽȵڣɽ֮ʲôãΪҪͬڣҪѰ篣ãͱʹöԷŭȴΡ⣬֪ˣͣĻ
Ǻǣֵ԰꣬һһƽӵ棬ΡЦ˵޵Ϊڵ֪
һ˫֣׶鵭ĮȴԷ˵һСƽӲΪɾ֮ˣʶǷ˵˾桭
ʮ﷽Բ֮УдСĻĵ⴦СڵΪ֪ɾͼ޼Ѱ
ٶǰһɾ֮УǻԵɺϣƽײ˴˵Ϊ֮޵
ޣ˵


700 թթ
ٶ֮ǰ״εĺɾ֮Уƽ׹е⴦С֮ϡ˴ԲɽʯһɽȣƱ鲼֣Ϊء
뵱ƽֻǸԪӤڵʿ󴳴˵֮󣬻һԶԵʣɽеĽƴ٣˵д棬ȴʶСҴⲻһѰ̽档
֮󣬾ƽѰɽеɽ֡
ɽֱԶ̾ᡣشԵʣֻյĿాкľں׵һֱ˯ѡɢǿƣƽӲҿǰ
뿪˵ɾ֮һľƽѽͷɻ󣬲ڻΪˣĵ伮֪Ǻ޵Զޡ
ޣ֮Ҳ֮˵б׺֮˵б޳֮˵ִŲһ㡣
֮ޣһˮйѣκε֮ƽɾСɽǷԶޣ֮ͨܣˣӵ伮лϤ޿Ϊ篣ɴȴˮ𲻽ͷǳɴƳ£ķ
ʴˣƽӱ㽫СΪ޵ȡ篣䵱ɾ֮еҪ֮¡һٶ֮ͨݵļλɢһѰ˴ջ΢
İͨݵ˳ı˰ٶ꣬һαɾֻ书ڴС
Ǻǣѽʵ棡֣񣡲ֵ֪Σһ˵꣬ƽӿһɫڴ
һأ԰׿죬ͷɵģǳѱ档ɽȥҡҡͷ
ɽ⣬νءڵɷԲ֮һĿȻɽ֮ȴԿ͸֮ͫʱ
ֵѣΣһ˵˰ΣȴţƽӲòӣٴγѡ
عһתƽӣȻʵ桭Ϊʵ飿
ɫһƽӴ˿ڴ
֮˵ؾᡭһζͨΪιҪ˴ͽȡסӵˣΪλҪרּۻۣɽԶŽѻ٣ȴȻ˵ǿĪ˵򡭡
ƽӳ֮ʣһԴɽ׳һ㣬ȲԽ벽ֻȡºΨ©żֻ֣벻ڡ
˴һƽӵΣִŲ˵ɽкա˴󷨺У篵ôʲô˰ִٰϷһЦЦŶԷʵƽӵѣɷΪҽ󣿡
СӿçײȴиϣƽӴ㵣ɫԷֲ˵޳⣬һ˵أڴ˴ǻǰкηߡ
ƽתǺǸЦţ˵ʣ𣡡
һŶ̧°ͣɫм
ƽ鳤룬˵˵ɽ˾ء˵һ룬һ٣һɫԷΪȻصͷ˼ֵ޲֪˯ãȴƾˣ붴вͷΪ֮֮޺˯ɳûȡ篡
һɫ糣˵ʧá
ˡƽ۹һ˵˽֮ƾѵı£ȡñȫˣ
һ۹žƽӣÿɷƲƲ졣
ˣƽӣˬ˵˴ԭе󷨣ʮҽƣ²һн֪һīΪнھ㣬µıЧµġ֮㣬Ȼװ
һȻͷƶԾƽӵֶΪ档ԽԶ󷨺Ϊһ壬Ҳ򵥡нԼϱεĴĦ
篵ô𡭡ƽ͸żأѹɤţ˵Ƶ£ɴԽ磡ôö˵𣿡
ԣһת˵֮ˡԷαľ
Σ᲻ɴݣϽɼǿдԽ磬ɱǰһ£ɴԽ磿ˣǱɷҡֱȥѰ򡭡
Ǵ˷УùЩĸˣ˭ȥ׷Ѱأ
ƽӵΪɢޣȴмʶ᲻Ϊ˶ִֶ꣬Ρ
һ뵽ʲôͷһ
ʱƽӽ˵£ɼرҵȾ©Ѽ¡
˶ԻԲԷһһ
һб䣬ȴڹ򶨣ƽӰ˿Թƻұ޲ִУɵõɣڷݺڣ֮䣬־ﲻᡭ
һֿ죬Цţȴְһۣ౩мɵ֮˽˰ˣͬΪıȴʹ˲һҿ˭ߵøԶ
ٻϣϰƽӵĻ͸ѵõĹС
һͷЩΪѵ˵˱裬һͬѰͷƽӣŲ¼ɵɫʵҴ򿪽ҵ𣿡
ƽӻһ˦ͦأǺЦкβңΪʾڣҷȥǼ˱ǣ
һƤЦⲻЦľƽӣһƬ̣εҡҡͷ˵գֻˣ漴۾һɣĪʹթСҷˡ
ǺǣֵʶʱߣԲԵһ䣬ƽӸЦתȥ֮⣬Ⱥ벽ӻ񣬱ּ̧һ־ɽɢ
һдԭأгâһǾƽӵһЦԷ̬ʾ⡣һԳУתۼϬǰĳྡɢȥһУôô͸Ź죡
ȵؼĽѳͨ裬ɽȵĴȻʡԴˣһδתǼͬΡ
֮УʼղʦͽԽ̼͡䣬ʧŷɽ¡ʮ⣬һߵɽ͸ɭʹ˲ٽ
ãȻĹˣ˴Թ˲ö룬æѰһ䡣ûӣ֮顣Σ֮Уǿ߲õѡ
вԶӵ׹һ̧һУ뻳һһ磬ֱɽȥ
ѽ±áɽ˽԰ȻӲϲֳԶ۸ߺʦܣϸڴˡһҪӭȥʦͽæûһ±ٴηֿ
Ҫ
ӲҪߺһϺȣһӰ۵ذص˸ǰͷһæפֻһ˫üɫȻͻȻɳ⣬ѸܡڴɲǣɢնʱɽȣԶŭͬʱ𡪡
Сˣթ
϶޳ܡ
֮һ󡰿ĺ
զϲզ֮£ʦͽԵһæµͣŷͬһ֮С
תһв֮䡣ĿϾ֮ʣӵ˾㵲ѡʶɼɽȵĽ֮˴һ߾ȫ֮࿹ŵ˺˵սľ


701 ȥ
޵ɽ֮УֻͣƬ̣ٴڣΣء󷨵뷴ΪҶͣ¡¡ɽѱǰǺôһ
һһˣһһС󣬼š
ƽֻûĳ˱ɽһ򾡣һǼӭ뽫ӵıӻ֮¡˸̥Ǻ޹˼ɡ
һ˫ַɣһ־ԴԴǬڰæ֮µ󷨣ɳʼĶʮɴСһʮɣɽȥ
״һҴ⡣ԶŽƶɵнͬСɡΪޣԽǬչ֣Է֮£Կ˻Ȼȵһ֮
˾ʦͽһ⡣˲ҵӳ󷨡

Լа֮⣬ƽӴƮƮһâ־֮СԶɽ֮ǰһæңȴأԲϺ˰벽Σͬվ޵֮īŽ֮˳ϣС
Ǻǣ޶꣬Ƕ⡮ðˣī֮нɱƽߵһֻ裬ԳƵϽˣƽϲͣв֮⡣
ϧѽīŽ֮㣬ˣ侫ʧӣﴽߺЦ޵꣬裬ʹýԣʵ˸Ҳ
Ǽ֧穵ǱģܡֻЦ侮ʯǡʱݷ˵һ־һƲ֮£̧˫֡

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ԴˣһΪΡ
ڴ֮У޴ӽ֮Դ֮ˮޱ֮ľֻпӳ֣Ȿ˴ӵֻΪԮ֣Ǳˮн޲ɽµԶŽԶǵУǾƽӵнŻϽͣµĳ滹治ʰ
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һͫ΢𡣰⣬ƽɷѿģԼաǰ˵ʵȴδǼ١գˣԸڣɽڵһбԵˣ
˼תһ˾ϡ˵ңɽ
Σͷ˶롣æˣӦӣаֵ档
һ䣬͵ſ˫ۣץȥƽطٿһɽԡǡƶתƣǬȻŲʮɣʱɽٳƣסǶڡ
ڴɲǣȺɽвΣһ𣬽ű˺ʦã̶Ӱʧ䡣䶸æȣȴͽ޹ȥ
һץգʧɫס򣬲ˤȥӼʱס߻ȻûΪʦܣˡ
һɲڵķʱ㵴Ȼ޴档ڵĵ쳣֮ͣʪʹ㲻ȣ⡣Ψһ̱һӲɵʶغһɤӡ
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Ӳɵõɴ۾Ҳѡ֮£ʧȣҶˡɾ֮йĪ⣬޴ڣᱻסΪʦбڳˣ
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һ⣬˲תΣΪ˾δɵлɵҡͷ̾ʦڣӣһǲΪذڰ֣Ŀȥ
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ⶴѨ̾Զ˼֮ʣһɵüͷתӤħӤķ⣬߽ǰؼʵģ˴ĽƣȴӤް䲻ΪͻԪӤڵļ
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ֵһȻ֮ʣͻȻ죬ű˵ֵѣҲԼȡرҵڴ˾
ڼɫ졣һת⡭
εĵ׷ţһԶܣȴ޴ȥֻԭת˸Ȧӣ͵ĳˡ
˼Щδ롣ʦȴתһ£ǳʵֵѣԺ⣿
˵䣬ŭ򣬶ϲ⡣ԷɫһȴƳһıӰ̾ҶֵѲ޲¼ɣֻǡ
ƽӡ벽ɽǰⲻһ뷴ڵȴִͬ
ģ˽֮ϵһ֮䣬ʹͷ˼ֵĻ̼벻
һת۹ӹ֮󣬳񵭵һЦ˵йԼȡ
εͷһ۹˸㵣ȴǿʦҡҡͷͻһЦɫһ䣬תǷ˵֣Լҵķִ硭
һü΢ɰ£ǡ
ȥŻеʵȴֶʵ׷Եɣ۶ǲһ᲻ңɱ˫ۡ
ʿΣȥӰΣȥߣڡ̣ӰȥľԿգǬڶ
תһżҡҡͷȴ˵ֿ˿£ٴμ־һâ־ɽ⣬Ǭ̾УɾһʮɴС󷨡
һǬɽܵеľļ̡Ƭĵط֮У֮ٽ⣬ӵ˸Ұȵڡ
顪
һӶ⴫ȴ˿˻ֵѣ֮ԼһΪޣΪ֮
ڵļ˽ѭ˶⣬ֻƽ˾ǶŶϥڳרغļ
һԾƽӲᡣת߼ˣֻң˼˵˵شʵΣȨЪϢգԺͼ֮
ӿӦʣ˵ҵһֱ·оãƣ񸽺͵֮أӣ
һż˵ͷǰ󷨵ıԵĬĬŽĵĶѨ˼漴°ڣϥ


702 н
޵ƬɽУƽӡ벽һɽŶǰԶɽȻȡ֮һʮɴСβ
ǰɽɵļ󷨣ҡҡͷ˵޶֮ڽƹ죬һûΪǣȴ֧񲻵ʵϣ㽩ȥֽΣ޴֪
ӵɫ࣬ЦǺǣ޶쳣ڣУѣⶼȥһ࣬˵ˣֻǿһѣֻȥȡ篣ҵȴ¿ɳӣ
ƽ벻ɫƾ겻ģΨ۹˸ŲͣƬ֮Ż˵С겻ȴĻѶԸв䷴ΪѰʶǶϰգǿ󲻳٣仰һ٣ֵļƲߣŽСӱɽ
һЦ˵˵ȣ˵ڱ
ƽŶüͷʵ֮ǰҲδʵ飬С֪篵;أֲ꣬мҡҡͷ˵Ϊ֮գηߣ
಻ȻһǶ䣬δûм΢ʶ֮ܣ£ﺬЦ˵䲻ҵȲ⣡ˣŲʧȥա
Сǻ¾֪ӳʾͬƽĬȻƬ̣ǰ󷨡֮ΪȻ˵²ɺһлײźá

ɽƬĵطɽŵλʿ
һţ֮أСпɣȴйӵΪ⣬ЪϢֻ֮ôɰͰţĳ˵ıӰš
һһǶѨʯڱƣĪ⣬಻þйΨ䡣⣬ʿйɷԲڽΪ֣Ҫ꼰ǼûΪͬ顣
һδţһֱе򣬲ʶУ䴧Ħܲᡣ
ԵŵӵƪнһϾʱжȴõҡ²ŵӵ֪֮ƪĲɴ˶רע
ʱ˿̣Ϊƽʵһʶн
ƴ¶ݣһԪӤڵĸ֡񣬶ԷƾŽԼ޿κΡɴ˿ɼʤ֮ΪǼͨȱһɡȥ㲻ܲн֪
ΪˣһԽű֮ʣенٴκúĥһ
󷨣Ϊ󣬿ɴСɷɽ򺣣ɱǿ󣻽ƣԷƣֿɾͣнǼǰ֮ɡȥ̲ãƾƾճ󣬿ɹأ¶졣
нֱ֮ɱơֽ˴УˣĪ
ɱɱ֮ƣײɵ᲻ɴݣƽĪ⣬Ǭתİ·;ͬ飻ɢѰ֮ܶнɱգ֮䡣һУ·ţֻ˰ڲ
нν䷨ɬѶ־Ƿ͡
ֻһ뵤С裬֪֮ࡣʶֽ֮ʱİ֮һȥˣˮԴʯοһ仯񡭡
֪Уѹȥһ࣬һϵϻعҡҡͷн֮þ򡣺ôһ๦ѻϤ롰֮žڡ
˿һܷΪʹԸƣвЪϢüͷ壬漴㲻ɣת˶ڡ
״Ȳ࣬ʦ˶˵˶Σæ˹ȥʾʦͽԭء
ת֮䣬һǰһ˶ڡвһ⣬ȴ־ɢȥֳʮǾƽӵ˵ӰѰںǿļƣΪ֮һ
ƽӣһ֮ԼδΪһǴųЦ֪ʡִӣĽ˼䡣ԷգۣΪ˲غһ
ҡɫɣĲǴɵЦ鲻۹ŵĺ⣻ƽԴ㵣תָЦ˵Ǻǣϵ֮ΣԲţ
һһƲЦλغˡɫɣȴгâһֱ⣬вæթſ³һ⡣
󵨣ƽŭֱ̧߳һ־֮âȻԼԴ
һ󷨵ɲǣʱǧĽâ˱ϯȥ˭ϡ䡪һ죬â裬м緭ڵ
˴˽ߣȻ͵Ϯ֮£Ȼͽ޹
һսδ̷ȴ˫伲ӣʤķ־кֻ̺ĹâٿȻȥϢ֮䣬ӿͷһͣת
ƽӵ˼ȻסɽĶڣз˵ӦԲִ٣תۼռϷ硣ֻʩֶΣɽһ׾ٵڽ֮С
ߣ͵Ϯǲұ㳢ԸĿͷ
ƽԵ֮ʱͻȻб䣬ɾ㵲ѡԷʩչĲн֮˵Ƿ־Լ֪вͬȴǸʤһ鷳ˣСϽ֮˷ź̸ʤ㣿
æ֮Уƽһһ־ֻɽȽƷͬһٴαһ
нС֣ԼЧһϲٴӿ֮ĪɱȻ֮£תߣɽ֮ǰɰǧܻ֮Ǭ֮С
Ǻǣ϶Ӧ伫죡æһȴûֵðֵıˡȥأƬ̵ĹһԸȤŵȺԳһЦ
һȻأͷһæ˵Կǵ˱ˡֵ˵󷨣һزˡ
ɫӣһ밲ο䣬漴այĹǰĸһˣȴĪĻûʧתľƽӵˣм˵סңֻ϶û£ǹ˼ȰΣұǽɽΡ
ӲŻ˿ͷһæʦܲɴ⣡裬ҵ˼ҵĶ֡
һЦ˵ͷȴǳ˵ƽ϶ȲԸһ֮ԼǣڶھλĴݹ٣һ仰˵꣬ʾ£ŤͷߡʱͻȻĺ


703 
޵ɽкϣ֮һְ
ƽĬĬɽǰεɫ͸żֵĻãȻ
һҪʱ˳˴˽غϣת˻ȥ˳ǰ˼
Σɽڶڴδ¡ôȥʱǸͷأɾʮ˵̲̣˵಻ǴλᣬĪǻҪٵһʮꣿ浽ʱ˵Ԫʣ޼ӣ
Ȼˣְɣƿ󷨣ķǽӭж⣡
֮˲ŷǰˡһ½Եʡ
Դˣƽӻ벻⣬ƾֶνȥ벽һԼǿֹ
ԸΥæգƽֻǽһµġȥ˴룬µɽȴƽ⡣벽ӵĹȫû·ƽ˫˫ƣ֮ס
״ƽӰľæк벽Ӱ֡ʱ֮˲ŽعأȴƵҡҡͷԺ˼ЪϢ
ӵûЦݣãȻɫһ˿¡Ȼ¶ڵ󷨣ȹտ˾ƽӣżֲ˵ǿ󷨣ѰǵּʱֹֻǺϡ
λͬڽ£ƽӿɬ̾˵С͵ϮǼ٣û½Ϊ档䡮УȴְšΪĴ˱˽ɶ֪ұΪأ˵ţư˼⣬ų룬Գ
СӲŶᶮ˸нвޣɳ˰ȴʵ飬һ䣬㲻ٳ
нīţѽ㣬ȴף˾ڴ˵ƽĿޣڡСɰˣһֺεºܡ
˾ƽӵĻ֮⣬ʵһʩչнɣ
ƽӵ˵ͷҡҡͷﲻ⣬˵ɷ֮УֻͳʯѰнȴûɹʶд˵ȱʧīͼֻδֿ֪һʩչĽĪ
ͨݵ⼸ˣΨоƽר󷨽ơΪ곤ΪߣǴеĳΪߡȴǽܴ죬ûյ棬ʿɫ
˼Ƭ̣ƽ˵СµΪɣȴֱ仯뽫֮ƽ⣬Ҫһˡ£˵ڡ֮еǡ߽н֪ͬСѵīŵĵӣ
ᣡԶֺαءӻ˵
ƽӻ̧ͷĶŲԶ󷨣˵ҲСԺδҵǶϵĽ£䷨־ʩչΪ裬Ӧǳ˵Ϊǣͼ֮

һûȥƽӵ˼ǰⶴΡԷҰ֣徻࣬¶˵Цݡ
ðһԣʩչĽЩôǡ롰νִٶͣЩײ࣬ȴΪƽӵ鷳ӹǬķ
ƽӣŶڰɣҵҪк
оϣյһŽµĶѨ
״һֱĵæվ¿һۣʵʦܣΡ仰ɫв
ǿлţǱסΪ˶Դ˴εɾ֮û˷Ƿ֮롣Żȥӣ
ȥһָ̽¶Ѩһ˵
æڰ֣ȰӹɣǶѨľͷƵذΪȴçײ¡ȥб䡭Ǹ㡭ҡδ˵֧֮⣬Ǽɢ޼ȻܶԶ֮ɼ˴աʦмֵΪѣֺǿأиʧʣµĸûпָΣ
Ҫˣ鷳డγǶѨ£ͷľţɴ۾ͷţ˳ܵģ
ͷʦ֣ҧ촽ʦվ
ǰһӸ͵ֵѣ£ɫǣȴǳߵףʾοʦͽת¶һ
ǶѨֱͣ°ɣƬĵطɲΣµǰһĪ⣬תǾڴˣʹ
ӵ˵˼׽ڼãգܹܲһʱ㲻ǰ·˫߳ģ
һתżһЦ󷨡δֱ׹¶Ѩ̤ն
ѽʦĪԪӤΪӾһȴǷЦһӤ治֪ˣֺ뵣ǣɷҲеʵ飬ת뵽ʲôȥҵָΣ
Ȼ󣬱ǳЦͷȴǰˡֵĪ⣬Ϊ죬ǰ;ôʦܿѣ˭˵ɷأԼڡ
˿󷨣ұ˺֮ǣͨ׵ĶѨɣת˲ɷأһɣȴɡ
εһ̯˫֣Ц˭ʦأıǣȥСġ˵ţʲõطԸΡȥ⿴أɲҵģƤһգͣתһ֣˵⣬ɵΪ˿ɱݣ˴ء
һɫ΢ת˵ȥӡ
ѽյأ˴ֶСڡӸɴŴ֣вʵرԹš
һˣζȻһѭŶѨ¶ȥ
Ѩһ࣬һбֱͨɵ¡ʪ䣬пŰʹһҴ⣬ֳ䡣
ĶѨ֮㵽˾ͷһһ٣㲻մأȻĹˣȻ
ⶴѨľͷأʮ⣬һ޴ɽʮɣаɣ״өʯοɼԶһںˮ֮Уѣɭް
ɽһһһ㣬͸˵Ĺ졣֮⣬ֺ޵ķٿٿţʹ㱶
˴Īоƽ˵޴ڣ
һСģǰٽɽһɲǡ׹һ㣬ʪĺ뱩ӿһüʱȫ
ͣƬ̣һҴ쳣ǲһǰ
ǡڴʱһ޷𣬽ڻǰƶɫһ䣬תˣȴֹסǰȥΡһ̣һֻεĴץ޴Ӷܣɼ
֮£룬һһ˫顪һ±˵ϡͬʱŭǰâ


704 
һվһɲ϶ȻһᣬžһˡأԶɽŻްȻѡ
ͫɽͷξ۵ס
ıһˮ̶֮ߣһɴСĶѨǸһͷ޵ľ޿ڣţ뵡
ޣ壬üĿֻһͲɣ
֮£һ޿֮ϵݵʯӣɲǺ۾һ㣻ǽںˮеʯϣۼףӴ֮ļµڱ
״һԾ¡ռɽһĵطĪǾΪ̾ڣˣǾ޿ţΪһ塭Уž޿ڵһԣ͹ĺΡǲεʯڣһˣǡ
Ծһͷһ
ɢһ˲䣬ХķէŴ͵ض£ɿܵȻֱɽڵһɣ
һ֪δ㱻ǿƽקŴڶȥæ֮ԿȴֹסȥƣһǣΣ
ߣĪҪԼɣһ˫üȻһӰ˲һڴһɲ׺ȻǿȻڽ˫֮С
顪һ죬Ю֮³һɶ֮ƣסΣȴǡһ£ѥ۾˺飬̻¶׵ǿϽ«漴ŴڣʱûӰ
һŭĿԲɫʡǡڴʱХȻһ񱩵Ƽ°侹˫أն𡣲֮䣬顱һأͬһɶȥ
⧲֮£һӦ䲻źɭɭĴѵǰ˶롣ڴ˵ʯһû˾⣬ͫ΢Ŵڱݺ˹ȥ
䡪һ졣һ˴ڵϷڼӲʯûʲôǿƥ֮£֣һŸͷ㵹˳ǿ񱩵Ϊ֮һ
ǡڴʱһ΢𡪡
ҡ
һȣ͸ƣһź֮㽫ùڳŲš
һأ󷭹ţԹ˲Ͼȴڰæ֮˳һץһԲԶӰʯ飬ͻȻʯڣȫɽֻԼϽ«롣
޷ڴ˵ȺãֻΪֵһ̣ϴǶѨĴһŵĿٿȻɳһ㣬˲׷һ
ƾһ٣һͷ֮һſǺ޻֮±಻ˣǰĶǺεǿĴڣԼĪҪڴ˴
ڰգ˲࣬һæϽһˮʪʮ㣬֮˺ƣѡҪ궯ٴοϮХ֮˻ȥ
ͨʯԶԶصĶƿһ֮һʹֳһŮӵӰڵȴػͷȥ
ʱһ֮鷳ûл̸֮Ƕ£ȥִֻУ׸νǵͷ
Ĵڣת˲Ҫһɡǧһ֮ʣٲĴֽң͵غȵҡ
ڴɲǣһſһ⣬һ㴩ϵˮֽ磬Ҫץһǰâʢ߽𽣻Ȼһ֮һͳ𣬼̶ƺȻը
ʱ䣬ɽһɫĿ쭺˷һȥһͣ漴㱻ƷɳȥʮɡԶŮӸǲƣƤһǻ˹ȥ
ڴ˻֮ʱһĶߺһԵȣҷ
˿һĿ˭һվΣδɿԷȵСӣ
Ǵù˼ңһ֮ʱʮɳĽٿȻתȻһǵĽʱ߽أڰգңңָ޵ĴڣɱⰻȻ
Ȼ֮ʣһģȻһ䡣ϻȻһϮɫĳۣһͷ˽ơװеӤһģһŵȴ¡ͬʱľתڵΪֱԽԪӤ顢壬ֱ
ۻÿһ缡µ׳־ȻһֻԼǿܣɷƸ꣬ƿɻأһֻ̣ǰһУ
һͦأķƻȻɡŲƣŭŵĴڣץ˽ɱ֮
ɽľͷȥ׵̶ˮŰһʱ˾µĪ伣
̻֮£Ī棡޵Ĵţţڳšһıƽ콵ֲ̿
һ̶ˮϷеĽ֮ܵһ͡ʱ˿̣һ֮¡
ǲѵĽ٣޲ٳɡȥ뵶𣬾̶ˮˮϽ˸õΣűһŹֵɤ𡪡
֪˼ݵˡ
ˣͷɣɿɱһʧȥԡƱʹţرеĽ
һûһС
䡪һ죬ɽʯ飬̶ˮɽɽҡţһ㡣
һ̣һȴһ֮ȻûȥܵΣأԼȻţ鵭ĮȻͷȴǳڷ֮УϾˡ
ֱƬ֮һаǽƵԵʣɽδ̮޴ڵ࣬бһĽۣΪһĶѨʪĺΪ֮⡣
̶ϵһɢգöɵӰûˡǵĺˮӯֱûѨʹɳɽΪһڡ
֪䣬ʧһ˱ģȻʧȴֲȻ̧ͷ
һɳ˽ֱǱˮûĶѨȥ
һͷһתͫȥ
ˮת˲һȭͷСѪ
һ죬Ѫ顱һѣѪư£δˮ㻯ѪɢŨԪ֮Ϊǽ⾡һա
״һתһۣŮԻѣȴظˮϣݡ
Сӣ˵ѪѰźãЦһתǰһλ۽𷢵ߡסɴ۾ʧ漴ָ˳̬¶˹߳Цݡ
Ϊ֮һģһȴǶ˼ֵ֡
ѪЩôֻѰʮ˸˵Сһʵ۽𷢣ƵŨ룬˫ĿׯϣɲŶԵһ˼ֵĵ⡣
Żûһ֮ж˼ҡֻҪѰʮ˸һҪҵѪӦޣ벻о̺ԪԪԪ֮򡭡
һЦݲʵԺηιʻҴˣǽҵ㣿ΪҪɱ


705 
ɽ֮УϽâ˸ΪϡԭתȦ£ǹӰһȴǽһɵĻ˶Է硣
Եβ˵һֻñʡԷ˫ֱǲ̤һЦ˵޵ѪӤǴðΪ̫Ͷ޷ܣұˡ
ҶأԵؽ˵Ϊ˾㣬ҿǺľ˽һԪѪǡʱȻҿûֳһɫΣֵҶܵıǮɶľˣΪ˲ûģҪҲ¿Ƿ˵಻ǰ
һҡҡͷ˵лĳ֣βס׷ʵпɿ˵ΪΡ
һЦһΪȻ˵лƨСˣ໯ʯͷֻǽֵĲл깶Ӳдˣ㵱ǷǣܶһѿС
װɵһΣȴֵ⣬ĴмԷ˵Ƿĸ
ŵĵеһΪ֮ԲգС桭źл꣬ȴǿ˹δ
˸ǣҪرʲôԼ֮ޣ⣡
Ϊ뾳ĸศɣΪؽҪΪΪһͰˮĸǽˮͰľ壬Ϊǳ׶ɺܶ򾳽Ƿȱ;ֹź
йĸȴ޼ѰʴˣǧʿԪӤڶ࣬ĸȴ޼ȴǽԼΪٽӤ˳һʵһ顢ȵȵĲͬ硣
˵һ̾ĸת˲ȴһǳ˺ǽ飬ǺڸߵΪһûеĽݾ֮澭ھµ·ཫΪ֮ӵƽ̹
֮ӤЩԨԴҽ仯Ϊ磬ѰҺΪ֮ˡһ˼˵治ȥȥɱɱкηֱأ룬հˣСΪҪĪҪΪɵ¶ڻ
ٿһӰʧһ̣ѻصһ֮УԹѪȻѰʮУҪҡร
벻װģش˸Ƿ֮ħӤĵĿٳ
Σһεҡҡͷδ֪һУ֪û׵һգλ˼²׵ģеšڻرܣڵȴ
⣬޵ľηвѿݣԼӤǰǵеĴڣ
һ˼ңأԲ⣬һԽ֮Ժ󡣵ŶʧϽ«ǱûĶѨǰɣֱӳ뵽ˮС
ʱ֮һԾˮ棬ֻͷ£תطȥˮƯһֳʪᣬǽƵ޿ѡ
ЩŹ֣ˮһ̧ͷȥһæֹסȥơ
ǰĲԶȥŮȻŶڰɫң۹԰׶ϾշɹĨ糺졭
һ룬æֲһȥΣǬ﷭ѥ֮󣬱һֱ壬ͬ㡣
һϾ˼̫ࡣɽŮԼһ˿ңҪڣǳһ
һ϶˼Ҿɵĵۣഩѥӡ²޲ףųȥƣˮߵŮӡ
񣿡
ŮӵĽǰһͷǳʺһ䡣Էа뿿׵ʹģһ°׳ȹзȵḡˮ֮ϡ
Ůӳ£̧ͷ۹һƳԷһüĿ续ߵֵѣɻǵ֯л֮δ˵ַ꣬ŶڱлȴΪĳȻǳЦǴżֵǸ⡣
ݵĻҰС֮У˴йһ֮ԵǵŮ԰ٰţĸ֡һ˵ͷ漴һ͵û֯ڡ
һ֯Բ죬Է˵뽫ղźãҲƲ
֯￰ֱӣǰ£ٺЩϲãʱĪ˼ûȻʣ԰׵Ͼɻ󡢲ãȻ˵ѷԸδ˵꣬ǽӾ£кϮԽܡ
״һҡҡͷŮӵľѲ²⣬ԼͬɻֱһӰһٿȻһ֯漴һͬɽתѭбĶѨ϶ȥ
ʱĹǰ
֯˫أɫ⡣˴ʱ󷨣
ǰӵ˵Ӱһδ⡣֯¡Էҡҡ׹֧Ƭ̧̣˶⡣ʱн
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ߣСȻ־ܣ
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ѽʦظӣÿΣǻ಻ضáӾԷѳ˵ٰ֯λѡ
˺ѵʱһһӣɢɽǰĹȵ϶ʱԳ˫Ӱʮɿ⣬ͨݵλɢ㵡
꣬ƽӲ˼ҡͷʵŮûȥ˵µ޶ƽⶴǰĽʱûжһȥʶٴζô󷨣Աߡȴ³⣬СӲٴð˳һŮӡ
ƽӾ֮ʱһԵĲͬǲȻѡŮӲİ
ֵѣϵˡ֯ﻰᣬȴź⡣֮ʣ࿴˵ģ
һ̧ʾ£˵лԺ˵١ת⣬ֵ϶㼴̳ȥе󷨣ҵĶԹա
ˣûˣĳıȴʹ˳ɿգƽӵͷһңȵһɺԣ֮󣬻ɱޣ
ߣʵ֣һɵ˵
ƽӴһӣŭЦϷƭǾݵĻڴˣɱޡ
Ų㣬ȥ㣡Ϊȡ篣ʵ˲ǳһת䣬һʮǬǰһſֵ̾ɵʮĪ˵޹أˣԻ˼ƽϡ
״˴ȻӣȻƽĿɿڴɫãҡͷʧЩȥС


706 ЩС
һóôǬƽӵɴ۾Ȼʧһ̣Ʒҵһ˫ץٺݺĳ±ôƮɢּûȥ
һ꣬ƽͨɢǵ緢֮ʱֵɾ֮ʣ뼸λǳС
ɾ֮󣬾ƽӵ޵ѰǴµ޶յο֪þ˳ͬߣвʶĺѡ
ѵľƽӻصͨݣһ˺нʶ˵ɹȵŮһûĺˣед棬κ˶㣬һϣսʽ΢
Ϊ˶ǣͨϲ̸۵ľ硣ƽŮ֮󣬽޼ҼҴĵ伮л֪޵篵ôΪ֮Ķ
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һʮ󣬾ƽԪӤڵΪǶµĹڻҲ篵Ըᣬٴ̤˺ɾ֮С
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ֻ˻ȡ;ƽӻûܴ顣ԭڿƭŵӽɽ¡һˣʱвΪǻ
֮£ƽٴλصͨݡҪѰǿİ֣㲻òͷų佫篵֪ﲢʹʱϤһУϡ
Ҵ֮伮أǴ£ǿѨ磬ϵ֪篵ôȴٴֻա·תмʶŮδǽʵг
ϲӵľƽӣŷԼײһ׮ĻԵԼԾͷȴֹڻһУĪڤڤ֮ע
һ֮˾֡Ϊһʧ˲ӣ˴˴ξĳﻮɾ֮С
˾ƽӴ·˺ܿѰ;һż֯˼һº㲻թֱ޵֮Ŵͷ
ǳ֮У޷ɵļЪƽԸ֣ȡһ࣬ȴ˵ķ󡣹ʴˣһбѲֻ߮·ʿԹʼʩ
ǺΪһԳΪݣΪȡȴѪȣ
⣬;ʿȴǲԸ߻ͷ·ξƽӵεӲʩȻ֮£ǱҪǿ°ˣȴǺϵһһУԺ֡
ˣûˣǰٰŵŮȴҴˣһȡߵǬҪЮȴ޿κΡأǴй¶ȥҲ˵׮ԵΪӰŵŭ޷ԡ֮󣬼ɢ޽޴
ⶼôˣ˳죬ȴСӵԵʣһжģĪǼĺѣ˲ɣæµֻһùһպľԪĻԵ
ƽʧһ㡣ʱ˿ֻ̣е޲ߣѡ
µ޵أԲգֻоŵɽУŵ˫ڱ˴˴šأ˼˴ǴЦ
ߣ϶Ī֢ˣżڽĻһǰǬֻһֻֽ֯ӹɫһ
㺦Щ֮УаٰŰﴨǰĵӣΪλ֯ȥʦܡһ˵һĴ϶лȻʮأǽ಻Գ
ƽӺƴãȻлعЩǬˣǶԼϰбеһͬ˵ĺѣټϼмɥʿǰ󲻹ߡ˶ѡʮ
ĪҪѪˣƽЩˡ¹Լд⣬æҵλٰŵĵѲѰ³⣬ֵˣ
һҡͷŵģ
ƽӽ˵޶еУĵˡ֮⣬޸ɣ߼޻һֱԸԾӣԽΪʶɢ֮䡣ʱＱУɫæûյ档
ǼƽʧﰵһŲæظų͵ǰÿɾʮ䣬ܻ˴˴ⲻңֵԣ
һΪȻƲƲ죬۹ȴϡ⣬߼޻ļҿǼöˣֻǲмΪ֮ˣǲʶôĪҷ顣
޵ѵⷬ˷˵ɣŲĸˣǺǣЦһ˵ȻԸȥ󷨣ұ㵽ףɾر֮ǰӣʮ꣬һμδ˵꣬㲻ɫˣɵתȥ漴ת˲סɽµط
ʦܡ
ֵѡ
ӵӭһڰ˵ҽԱЪϢͬ־˼黥֮ء󷨲ʮɣʩǰҶʱÿ
ɽУмֵΪɵϢ˴ΪþڣȴȥĲ䡣״ӵ˰ͷ˾ٵҲȫ
ҿݣ㡭һżк
ʦͽѰ˿ط£Բ½ȥӰվûɫɡ
ƽӵΪ޶ǵǸΣʲôģ֮ǰɽǶ£ʦڴɱ޾ٰŵ֯￴ʵΪͣòơʮ˶ˣλأǻڴˣǹ־Ůӻ᲻󷢣ˣҲȤ
Ĳӵӵͷѯʼ䣬ȴٳԿڡʦɣɶ̬ԵøĪ⣬̧иֵķ緶
룬ӻסͷĺ档֯˵ӣʦڣǣıǡֻ׳һһЦȥΡ
һԭȴ֯δȥֹв⣬ʵβˡ
֯ɫ΢ǷᡰšһǸȻ˵֯ðֵ֮Ҫ黳źá
һȻ漴ǴεСˡЦ˵ЩС£ҳݣȬ̸١
֪ڲý֮תڵš֯ﰵ£˵δɻˣֵ֮ؽʵ˾壡⣬۹ִ̧ҴתȥһϮҷسȹ漴û뵭֮У»Ӱ
ȵӰˣһأЦݽͣȻʧ񡭡


707 ƭ
ı֮ʦͽƣ֯˵ΣڣһԲٳ󷨣⼸ǻ˿ԳûЪϢ
λ󷨵ػߣȴڴʱĬȻ֮ҡҡͷǷһĨЦΪ֯˵ݻҰСǵǴˣȴĻָ⡭
뵱һΪ޲ۣѰᰳǵй¶ݣµŵ׷ɱΪˣԼã˵ıѾõԵʣ뵽һоȻŮйأӷǶ̶̵һ仰вѲ²⣬ĶұǰٰɡǼҵ̵ƹԼ֯ֱ֪š˵֮٣δɻ
׷ɱ˰꣬ŵĲݣŵĶһ׮һĻ°
Ʋɵˣɵ£˴˲͵һ˵ƣĶһصľޱ䡣ˣ֯в֪еԭɣΪ֮ҡ
һεҡҡͷԳһЦΪԼһƬطһǰǬһѡ
뿪޶֮ǰһ̶һ⣬ѰԼϽ«ȡΪٵǬ뷨֮⣬з֡
ЩǬɥ޿ڵʿĽƿԿԵԶһȥЩУɢޣŵӣǸ֯ʦ
һйһ֮Ե㽫µǬ֯µʮǬȨе
ɱʿ˳һҹĴΪɱȡı࣬һǽؽʶһǬȴΪ֮Ŀ
ʮǬУķᡣе򡢷ӦоУвʯ
һ㹻򶨣ǲ⾪¡һľ߹ģţûʵļҵװɣЩ˿ɶԪӤʿҸ㵹ѰȴǱԼ
Ǭڲ鿴һһö󣬱㽫ĶǬ䡣ŵһƪħ޵Ĺһͨݵͼ֮ˣ⡣
һħ޿νǱģȴδ֮صĹħӤ֮һ˿빲ĬΪˣħ޵Ĺ⡣
ʱ;УһǺĺɱһˣ˳ֵõһƪѰħ޹õһƪħȻΪȥŵϣȻ˺ߡ
ħޣΪ𣡻ǵû˵ħ⻰ԵðԵЩȴħڣǷ֮һħ޶˼֪
ȥ˰յĹһħμ¡µؿöͨݵͼеͼвͬرע˸ɷڡ
ӹɣͼΪɢУԾƽӵ֮ͬ֡һУ˼
ͼ֮УѰ޼ڵĵɹȡ沢ıǡ
Ƭ֮һóԿӵöͼ򡭡

һ¹ȥˣ޵ɽУͨݵأԭء䣬ƽγ󣬽Աһ⡣֮˫
еľƽӣ˫ۡҿͬ飬ס̾һСӲթǣǿ󷨿ѣȥɾرյʱӣ
ȴԴأ
֣һѳɱ޲šܾȵҴ֯ǵõ篡ﴫ˵
ƽεҡҡͷ˵СӳҵȺˡʮꣿʮ֮󣬴й¶ؽŵ֮ŭºδ
ֵĲӴŲͬ޼ƿʩģ
£˵Ϊ֮ƣòˡ
ƽһæɣһӣŪɳ׾޻֮䲻ʣԿɬ̾㲻
˰ΣƽӼҳƣԸȤų룬˵кμƲߣ˵˴һ
糣۹ȴһĨɫǰڵ󷨣˵ֹغȥѰһ飡˴򲻿ۣػġǸԸ
СΪ˼թƽӻؾɫж˼־Ȼ˵˰¾Ψһ֮ѶΪ֮ϲϣ֮ӡ
⡭ƽӳ£˵֮Բ޵˼ɲԸʧλֵΪʶѧԸһȴٻϵĹҡ㣬ɳɾʹء
ڴʱӿһͻȻ˳˲ԣæ䱸ԷȴһЦûΧɽǰ󷨺һæµ
ɶ񣡲ת۵Ĺֶǧġ롮СӷҪڴˡ״ƽæҷ˵衣Ӹǰת
϶˸ҲһԵǺǣһǺһЦ˫ȴǼӲͣɰǧ־֮Źâȥ˱ΪȻ˫һʣתߡʧеһɲǣ׳һö򣬼ȵֵѣл˵
һͷҲصץ˲󷨡
ƽֹתȻʧ˵çײԷɫδᣬ˳˶ߵķңأԽǰ
ԭأ˵֪ˣһ֮
;˳Լȡƽӷǳ߳
Ǵ޹Цݣں˵л˵˭һء侹ǳԼװɵƽɫһ߳Ρ
ǡڴʱһͻȻִð˳ִæһȥ
ףԼڧǺ֣Ǻǡת˲䣬һأЦϻö
ƽ벽Դ㵣ֹסһɫаڴ
һ۹ӹˣתе򣬴Ų׽Ц⣬ʵ֮ǰڲƭһˣ֮ƭѰǺǣ޵Īǻʼʩ
̬һǰǰȻЦ޼ڵĵɹоͯ裬ƭ˲ɣ
һŶζģ漴ЦͯǺ˲ǳƭһرҪԷЦüһҡеʵǽ佻ˡƩ绯ǰֽΣ
ƽ벽ӽɫһ䣬ȴЦݲģ˵ɣԲ˼ɣ
ǺǣΪһ޼ҵС֮ԣһ˫֣ɫм
۹ʵͯ޼ɣ޾̣Ե󣡵ΪȻ񣿡
һ˼ص˵ͷֳﲻÿɷغǺһЦ˵һ󡭡δ˵꣬ת󷨣գ۲Ӱ
ƽ벽ԭأԻûʧڣɫ
꣬ƽӺָСӳ󷨡벽Ŀȥ󷨵ȥɽǰ˼ޡ


708 
һͻȻ󷨲ӰɻǧٵĽɽܡ
ϵˣСӶ֮صļԻˡܻ֮£ƽæƽк벽һɼûУ˻ȥյĹŴɽҴ׷ȥ
޶ʱǰֻһˮﻹаӰ
ƽˮֺݺһˤءڵ£٣ǰ֪СӴӺˣﱧԹӡ
ӹЦ˵ҿСˣȻԾƽӵŭδԹַ׵ĳ룬Цޣ˵б´µ˴ԶȥСӷѻָΪڴˣҵڣ
Էʾˣȴһɵת˵Ǿʹ磬ǵųøźá
֪ʧ죬ƽΡֹסŭһ˵
һͻȻ룬ʹϲ޶֮ȴһأԿŶѨľͷָ̾ػصҵǵء

׻λε֮£˾̲֮ĺˮ֮ϣӹӰֱǰһȥ
˵ԼĪǧķԲɽдУŨˮмԫϱڣ˼ֵء
ʱĹӰȺΪһֱʦͽλٰŵ֯
˵Ǵڣ˫վȣϲüңЦʦܣѵѰ˴úöղǣ
һЦͷĴ
⼸СĹȵ滷ɽٺӣ̲𣬻Զ͵֣ɫ˴޴ڵŨϮΪ֮һ
˵ǿõطɾ֮Ϊ⣬ֱ޵ɽڣһ˿νϡ޶̶ĺˮһ֮󣬱˴Ŵͷ֯ԶС
ʴˣһڳҪƽӶŵļһЩʱհˣ֯лָٵ飬ýס˶ڣˣֱ޶ȥûѶۣһ˱㴩˵µ̶ˮ֮ϣת뿪޵
һ¾ƽӵˣȴ±˴˶Լ˼λͬȫΪˣһ·ǰۣиֱ˰²֮ϡ
˾ź֮һ˳ʰףˮ̣ԣ֮ϡ٣ʿû˷һ˻ָΪ·ࡣ
㣬ʮչȥͣЪһ·УʹʦͽΪƣδ֯ǽ֧֮Ϸ۱ûôΪˣһ뼸̶ֻѰһŵĵطͣЪϢա
֮Ϸа£һѰƬռذĺͼ֪˵Ϊ
ϲɲҩֻЪϢգúһ⡭ӹЦ¼һɨǷϣܡ
ɾ֮У벻Ѱ;ôһǻԵ°ɣ
һʶ𵺣δ쳣룬˵ʿضѰ˴һСЩΪáӦʣɽ£ԾһɽԱ
ڵɽԶ֯ǽһ뼸ʶã˴˼仹֡ºͶ֮ޱ䣬ľΪ֮ࡣҴ˴˸к붴չȥˣ󻹴ӵĻӣֻܰˣ
֯ʼӲ˳ڻӡ֪ԷʦǰٰŵİﴨʱʦͽԲȻѡʦܡֵѿб£ȻԹʶôһòŵӣܲΪۣ֮ǿǻǰĸͽɵ֮Ǻ˱ӳӶ̵ػͣԵˣ˿ߵʦãһȽ֮󣬲⡭
˸ɽչؾޡתۼȴûѰĶѵдŨɹ˭಻Ը
һ֮ˬ߳ɽ֮ʦͽкһ֯ԷһйǣһгδԳء֮£˽ž𵺵ȥ
һڵɽ֮ڣһʯž󷨵תŨˮӿ֫ٺѭž㼯֮СħӤڴʱ˫֣˴ӣйꡡһ𡢺ڡУ˵Χתͣ죬
˫ĿأһͻȻ˼ƿ֮תʮҩУǿҩЮŷѸȫ
ʮչȥһˡˡˡ죬ʯ˷мһҿк
ĵ룬˯˵˹ǸԪӤ£ɵҡͷԵЦšƲʼįֻǳû֣ԸŻӶ䣬תѸ
һ˵ĹתӤ֣ڸǰӡתŵȻһ١
䡪
ƴӾ̣էйǵкȻʧתǿӿӤڡڴɲǣһΪʱԪӤڣת˲ԪӤڵСɡɣֱԲ
ߣΪɲ˲мغһδһ׹ͷͻȻ۵һףΪȻԪӤԲһִԪӤڵСɡ
Σ˶ֽţһסͺһԪӤڵΪһԪӤڣ̫ˣǾ֮ҪĲȶУ
֪һǣǲΪؿЦѵй֮ʣһ߻ħɹֲˣ
ͷһһҶԣǿ
֮УԼµӤ֮Ա˵ͲȴһӵĹ˼˭˵㲻ǵأ֮澭Ϊ֮Դ֮УߣƢԪӤԲźãԱֻ񡭡ر˫ۣȻֵˣ㡭̫˰
̫δȥδر׷ΪһƲƲ죬Ͼ룬ĬĬй
һ߳ɽʱǱչ֮ӵδת֯δأɽµĲݵǹŵЦݣ˼
ΪٽԪӤڣֻһֱѹŲŲѡŽ֮㣬ԪӤڵСӣ˭ԼһͻԪӤĺڡӤħӤΪǿԪӤڴ֮סӤڵ֮Уһ˿޵Ԫ޸ϵ
ֻµĹһԪӤڵΪ˷˼˵ǽҪͷ˲죬Ϊ֮ǲѣºⲻ˰ϲ
ǵʮʱ򣬻ԪӤΪÿǰһ֮£òѣ
ֻԼΪߣŶ˼ĪļС


709 
ɽУûһ˿ķ磬ֻ뵵š
ɽϣһȻǰⷽأռŶ鶯᳤£ɫԶһߡǧ֮ھ۵ףлӵæµӰ
ʶ֮ǿѰԪӤʿʶǧֻлǰпɴʶ
΢֮£һǽסǣ΢΢һЦ֮£ſ³һ⣬գֺƽʱ䣬ǿƽɴСһƬȵ꣬âҫĿ콣󡱻ȻɣʮһģһĽɱ죬
ʱգյԻ콣󡱵ʮѷɽ
һֳ󶯾漴˽һʱĻ󳩣ɵϽ«͹˿ھơ
ߣ֮ǰ̬ʱȴԾ㻳ǿޱ߰һģСûġͻȻ˳Թ⧲֮£һûˮǺšæ˾ƺ«Ц㲻Ըˣȴ޷ư
һ˵Ѫ֮ȻҪúýһԪӤǳ徲ŰСһѣȴ˲顭
ԣһЦҡҡͷĽҪͷΪͻȻǣ˭ҪһԼһǳ⣬еĳˣΪһֱڻ
ŵʱһΪԪӤڣȴɾڼŵɾ֪֮Լǰ·Ī⡣Ҳ˵еǵŵŰӱһ޷Խĸɽ䲻Ըʹֹֻӭǰ
ʶһΪͷĸΪУߵȴر𡣶һֱžˮɣΪıǡ
Ǻǣ֪ʧ֮ѵ֮һûֺһ䣬Ц˵㡭ܰСҶ޲֮
ߣôߣΪΪסȴת˷ʵ
һ˼˵ʮᵤٶųӤҲףÿһΪ޲Ǿ˼۲ŵԳɹ֪
ԪӤڻԪӤڣڸֵûֱΪʰ׶ͬһһףһһ㡣νľСɡԲ˾ٲ֮䣬̿ɽˣҲ˳һѶѣߴұİ㣬ΪҪԽżΪûݾߡ
һһΪȻ£ױѣΪˣĽᵤѹӤԺĻֻ»ΪļѣԼǴԪӤһԪӤĺڣ֮٣żȻȴֵıȻС澭Ϊ֮ԴľѳʵʵΪӤħӤǿǿѹơ
ӤΪһ壬ǰΪǳ˿󣻶ħӤͬ磬֮ǵӤۣ̤ƾݣңڡһԵһ룬δ֪˵쳤Զǵչ˲и˼벻ãִڽ£·ҪҪʶˣҾˣҪ˯ˣ㡭
һųûֽһ˭λϣԵһЦ֮󣬱û˶΢£תεҡҡͷദ꣬˼졣仹رŹȥ˴˵ĶԻȴ࣡
ֻĪʲôŵǷַָ·ҪȻ쳤Զɼһʱأ
֪Уһ˼׷ɡڴʱ˵
ֵѡ
һδתžƺ«վһƵƮһȵӰǰһϮ°׳ȹĹ⻪ǾϣüĿȻԼ续ǳǳһЦĹȻȾ˳
֯أɫã
һʾ⣬˵ȬϲɺءԷǷΪ˺һɫ͸һ˿Ȼ£ʵֵѣǡ
Ҳһأδڴ˵Ⱥ򣡡һںš֯ˮ漴׵ʹ˵ԭԪӤڵĸ֣֯ﵱԵƲǡ
ҿɲʲô֡һȻȴ޴ӷ˵ֻȥʵΪʾ֮ǰֲΪȻ˵νƣ಻ˣ˵
֯۹̧һɫɶѲȻһЦŶԷɽµĲݵ
һ֯ѵԭɣԷ֪޲ԡ
֯뼸ͬŵʦֵǽɾȴ;ɢֻʦˡ˺һݵʿ˴˽С
һ֮˾ƽӵˡ֯ﱾΪң篶ġԷòȻº񣬸ǸƱŮһԹƻݣⲻ˱ƭ³뵽˾õ֮С
֯˲֪ǳѰµ޶֮󣬽ͻȻ١ʦһλͬ鱻ɣʦŵݱһʱ
֯˶֪֮ɡ֮ʣ֮Сǻ಻޵Ķ֣οù߻Ǹأϳйһ֮Եһ鲻Խȵĺ
ʦīŵĽں˵ɷ֮ܡΣͷֻסŽ͵ȡ֯겻ѡ
ԽʿһʯͷģƭʶҲ棡һ֯ʱΣͷ
ֵѡ֯Ȼ״һȻû˽ٸ֪ţŰѰԼͷϡǸǻǻ㲻ģܻġԴ뿪˶Ԫ۵һ𣬽յһбڵԼ
֮ᣡһ˵Էȴɫ漴ο˵ó֯Ϊƣ
һȻ漴ͷһϲǶΪϲȴ޴޲ȴǰŮӱλĸˡֵ֯ۡѥԳʦ֮֡
Ǻǣ˱ãһһóǼۡԷֽӹԴ£˵ǧ֮ǰŵ󣬼ʦۡʹȻʮ֮һỹһȫµۡ
һͷһֶһʪ֮
篣֮֯˵伮أΪ޿ѣƷǡ
һͷΪʵ֪ɷƳ£
δƹ˵£ȴѲס֯֯ü˼£˵ϵ篣ǲһ£漴еۣѯɫһʵǽΪһ壬ƳһΪΣ
篵ķһ£ֻ˶ΣԭֻǼ֯ԽƳΪ֮ϲ
һɵ˵ƾʩΪ
ԣ֯ɫΪܵ˵һ֮һỹһ˫ۣ䣬񾲵ŮӾǻЦһɽ
һҡͷ΢Ц־Ͻ«δڣüһתԶ


710 ɱ
һɽһͤһǳˮ
Ǿһٺ֮ءɽɸߣΪԴ串ǣɽϷ£ʯͤбƽֻ֮⡣ͷɽһ˵Ķɽ£һǳˮɲԶ۶Զȥ
ˮ߳˼Ӱʦͽһ·Ѱٶķᡣ
ǳˮγ޲һ͵ĺó档ˮ£µشɽϵĶڡ
ϣĵرǣĲаͷ뽫ҩһʦܲǣĹȵĽǳóûЩҩˮֹס˽Ų˵Ĺȵĵҩǣȴ⣬Ҳһˡ
ӵֺδأԶֻǳɫУһĨײЦ⡣׿ӣתĳĹĪŵĺԺȡ󡭡
ԣɫһ漴ںشһӣЦƿҩСһ׮ͷʦܷԸһΪټͣвʦܵľֹأ
ӻ⼸䣬ͷȴײͱ˵۹⡣ͷ飬æתָǰ˵ѽǲһ˶˵кö˵ţ붯ִ㵲ѡ漴˽̧ͷԶֻʮӰԶ˺ȵ
˶ΪҵУȥ
δֹʮλŸòͬʿΣһɫơ
ˣӵܱ˴𵺡ǵشƫƧԵʣֻ£;лδʿ˭ת䣬˵ʱûˣ˴Եɫ
ֻһԭǳŶʵ֮ȥԷȴʮ֮࣬ΪԪӤкڵΪִԿ
ʦͽŭԣӲɵͦšʮΪ֮˹˹֣漴¶˽Цݣ˵ݵλͬ˴л˵붯ŭ
˵һݵߣԪӤڵΪԷӲ΢΢Ц֮󣬽ɫм
Ȼλѿ˴˴ҵȱ㽫ⶴñǣ롭ӹЦģ
ΪһȻָȴϻôΡǰ˿ʹɫȥԷ˶ڣʵǿݱһʱźá
ӷ˼֮󣬲δԷʧεҡҡͷһڣתһЦҿοҵ࣬ȥѰʦҪ
ʶȤȥΪ⡣
ڴʱһ̾ҵԾɽ֮ضν˵ң˸͵ڴ˴ϸ£Ѱٵıﰡ
ͷһɵÿңתǼԶȥ˺ȵվס
ʦͽĽһ٣ȴͷҲصصͺȵʱߣʱеĲͻȻһ䣬̤ն𡣶ռС
ɫһŭǼ˹ȻĻ죡вʾ⣬ߵͬᡣת֮䣬ʮӰεض𣬳ǰ׷˹ȥ
ʱ˵˰֮УӲüͷ£ŭģӾ֪ûģһɫŵΣ֮׷ʮʿ
ǽݷƴĿ񱼣ǷֳΪߵ͵ʱˣα㱻Էķɽ׷ϡ˲òԵķߴӣмǱǰͷݡ˼ѣɵ
ܵ𵺲ǧ﷽Բò˶ñɷʱɽȡǶʦڣټΪ֯ˣһ㲻УùǰĲ
ת֮䣬ûӰӻͷʱпࡣʦͽѱסԶһӰ˹
ѽ׶༪٣ǷսţһͬѱĻ
ӳɲ֮ʱ㵽󡣲룬׳׺˹ȥΣԻŭɶ
̫۸ˣȻһٱͣһײҪȥſ³һӲҪĶֻԶ٣ˡ仰δ䣬ȴֵɴ۾һٿȻʦͽͬʱǧâƾէ֣ɭɭɱкʱ˵ֵĹơ
ǴϢ֮䣬һȺֵķΧʦͽ˼ֻõĴΪһ壬֧šڴ֮ʣͻȻ˳Σת
ˣʧֵѡ
ɫ԰ףĻҡɼͻȻûɵ˿鶦ǽǰзֺ⡣
Ǿϲӣʦֵѡ
ѳû˵ĸǰҵʦܰĿʱ򣡡
һﻹϽ«Ǵɽţȴ˴˾𵺡ɾʿǧ֮࣬;˴ΪѰԷȴֱ˶ȥ䲻
¶Ų飬¶һ¾׼һڹǱ˱ʡת˲䣬˫ֱ㽻֡
ǿһȺΪĸ֣ɱƵֻ֮䡣пɵֵһûл֮
һڵɽȾӵߡ˰ԶǼ̶ȥȣʩչҪյĹܸϵطĪ˵նˡۿʦͽҪ꣬룬־ƿնȥ
ΪԵʣһصġƿնݡû̼䣬һ㵽˼˵Ľǰ漴ˡ콣󡷣ʹʦͽΪġ
žδļ˴˸кһŲŲæϽ«Ĺˡ
֮⣬ʮʿΧһȦԲȻѡⲻǴеԽǻ۵ʲôͷԣģʶ
Ǻݵ뵽ʲôͻȻһöδ۹ɫһһЦͬʾλʦܣλݵĵѣ˱麣һһ˵˻ȻɱĶ
СӣҼʦͨݵĴСţֻ㣬ɱۣ߳һЦľɻδԷССӲԪӤڵΪˣµļ˸ǲΪǡ
Σεذ̾һʦܰ˵ɱ˵ı¼ǣ̫˰ɣ
ʦͽδͷעڽˣ
һܵΣѰ˼ŶԲߡܴ»СС»ˣּɡϢˣȴ˱󶯸ɸ꣡
üһһ˫̧֡°ͳʾ£Ų׽飬ЦʵȽǵŵĵӣ


711 Ī
֮УһֻʮɴСһΪâƱˡ֮Уһʦͽˡ֮⣬ʮɱڵʿ
һɫŹ֣ˡ
Ϊߵɫһ㣬ڵǿŭСӣѲӣұףʾ£ʢ˵ֵλͬʦܣ߽Ϊݸŵĵѡ
ߵķ˵һһȥһЦͷȴкâ
ߵͬʦˣԪӤڵΪһԪӤڣµİˣֻһ׳ԪӤڣĽԪӤڡ
УΨԪӤԲΪȻΪǸʩߡ
ڱˣ˵ŵĹҲ߻һ٣һ˵ʹףұһȫʬвӣκ³
һɫ䣬һƲЦǺǣ֪³ڡ
һʵʦ״ӣ˵ŵŵӣʶ
³ţɴŵĴս˲Եɵȴ޼ʴˣдһʡ
ֹʶһǺЦŽĽأ
Щôˣǰòļһ׽תСֳԼŵӵ˽飬ɫмȴɡ
Ű˵ϵĴڣ״⣬еӽʦƣ³Ϊŵӣλ硣ƽƣԵȴߵͲͬ
ɾ֮ʱ³ʦɽţнΣҼʦҪһʱһ⣬Ӷ˵䡣
³Ȼɽţŵ˰ɣһ۹ӹܣת䣬˵ʦڴˣֻڽӣҪɱңûôס
ΪҡҡͷЦСӣ⽣࣬㣡ĪΪܽ˽ѣɡδ˵꣬ɫһ䣬Ȼˣɽǰڴɲǣ顪һУƺ£ֱֱ˳ȥ
䶸𣬾ڳˡ֮䣬һѳ˽ϻһǶ˵Źȥ
⧲֮£һԪӤԲĴ֣һҷˣˣ˳׷˹ȥǲɱĲݰ
ݵʿѹ˲ýеӵˣӵ˹ʽķǵһϮһ
ڰкɣĿһ֮˵Сû˷ŵֻͣɱ⣬ͬһֱ˹룬ֳһ׷ӳֵĻףæ˼ֻűҪ
ƣһɱ˹ԷؽȺ׶š͵Ϯ֮δһɱ֪͹˶֡
ˣһķŹ˵Ĺ㲡ҪʹˮǡʱҲ
ǱĹɳȥʮԶһӰζһͷɳͻƾնԾƾˣʮĽâȻ֣ڶз׵綸ȻЮĪƵסȥ·
ԹˣһΪ塣ʮһʿȴǲʧʱس˹һɲǼ䣬ǰзƣзǿϮǸܵС
ʮԪӤʿһвǸ³һεĺ£಻ԸۿҪûȴͻȻԭʧȥӰű˲Һһ
ϡ
ǡʮʿӵһȴڼ䲻ݻ֮ʧȥӰ
ˣʩչ˶ʮʿæʶܣԷ⡣ϹâһͻȻȺ֮ð˳ײһϡ˴֮ʣԪӤڵʿѲҺŷ˳ȥ
ΣͷһʩչƿնݶֵĿһȴȥһͷײȺСǿĽǿǿȷĴڣǺһԪӤʿ㱻ôײˣ
Ҽһ𣬶꼰Ⱥʱըһ㣬һæ¶ܡ
һ˲࣬ٽһ
ͬԪӤڵΪԽߵ͵Ϯȴˡһ±ӣһر׹ȥ
ɱһ֮һռЩˡһԣǸײɵʿ˻ӵһٴϮȻǷ˹ʼʩ
һսһ˽֮У漴һ־ǧâʱתűһ
֮УӵĿһĴչ԰
˾ǺͬʮʿɶǱסΪһɱ֮ѡʮݵʿɾΪ֣Է֮ǵԪӤڵʿ಻֮󡣿ʤ飬ɱǸԪӤԲĹʵ𺧣
˻鶦ʵʵԭأĿбӡʦǽ촽ĬӳɫȻһЦɰͦţתһ
شˣɱһˣʦȴ̾һ޵֮ɫءĨ˰Ѻ룬˵ǸԪӤԲΪȴһҷˣݹ۾֮󣬻ֻûĶ֣Ϊ裬ҲȭĪְ
һԴŽΣüͷǳ꣬תʦͽԵҡҡͷ˵ɱһˣȴõ˷ʮԪӤʿ֮Сռǲˣǹ˵ز㣡ǲȥʹȥҪԿ
콣ȫƾһΪŵʩչǷã֮١һ֮ʮ˶ţο֪ûӦ֮ߣȴΨս֮Ͼ˼ӵ˵İΣǡ
ӺεҲʦܵĻδ˵ȴ֮⡣ԼʦͽΪ׸Ȼƾʦ֣ܵ˭סգ۾ֱһ˵ʦԲ˽ȥΪˡ˽Ҵɱȥǻ
֮⣬Ǻϡһ˫ʮָᵯһ־ڵԴԴϼӳ콣ǲɫȴ֪ȥòһʱ̱㽫Ѽ̣ʱⲻһæҡһɱ¾⣡
֪䣬һɱĽʢüһһԵҡͷЦЦ˵δڣܵҵ
һ漴һ⡣΢΢ݣɫ˵ʦ԰вȴá
ⴧװͿȴǶ˷׽֮⣡һЦǺǣֻһ˵ʲôһ̧Զɫת䣬˵Īϲ⡭


712 ٻ
һݵʿ˶תۼȥһ
˶׳һǵһǵĵοЩʿµЩæ£һмֽļơһײ˼߹ǣµҩԵĹǶȺ룬ҡҡ׹һź˽ϣֻоȻ
ʦ֡˳ʺ
ڰ֣ʾԼ޷ȴһۣǰһۡһѪ˳ȥ
״ЩݸŵʿһתָСĽ䱸һԪӤԲĸ֣ǽڻǰĴڰôһеĸ֣˼ҴѪšˣڣǰλɵĵѱǰ֮
³һѪסһ㱡æ¼ҩɫָ˳̬Ϣ裬תһѷɽڽ£δ̧ͷ
ǵõʦ󶯸λ֮ˣȻǱѰСͲѵԪӤԲΪɣǴ˲ƤΪֲΧ޿֣ʮһ֮£˭ֲñˡأǺǡ
һԼͬԶͬǣԷأȴЦڴʱڳ˽
ϣֶ˶ʮӰȺ߶ŵΣȺ˹
Ƭ֮еʮ˾ֱӱ˹òϿԿЩʿͬһšµʮһڰ⻺ֹסΣһɫ
ת˲˸ǰ£ԽڶӭȥԷΪ׵һü׵һ긾ˣһ˾ʦ֣Եˡ
ڰʾԼ޷߹˵λѡ
ǸæһԷ˵ŵĸ֣
׳ִ뺷͸ɱȻˣ˵뼸λʦ;ӼݡƽݵλͬŽСȴ֪ŵڴ˰սΪִһ۶Է⣬ʵ㣿˵㣿
ɫһ˿˵ԭݽõҵѣһᣡҷ˵

һæѣǱȴǳࡣ֮Уֻһ˵
Ļ˼ұ˶ڣֶһȺ֡ʮ˲֪ԺδҪϹ۰ݵʿڣôһأҪֻ࣬ʮȭɡӷ߷߲ƽֵʦܣЩ˵˵һð
ʦͽûڰ̾һһ飬һǿͷ
һټϺߣжʮ֮ࡣҪһġһ塣һܴԪӤڵʿΣΧǶľ֧մͷֻ˿⣡
һŹһˣüͷ˵ûʵЩ
ŵʿҪǿһǸԪӤڵĸ磬ǲöԸʦûԪӤڵΪЩݡƽݵʿֻ֡콣󡷲֧ԷƱһӵϡʱ򣬱Լɱ䣬ѹ˼ӵ˵ȫûӣ̫ˣ
Σûˣ
һüתȺʿһ˴ҵݣ޹ݡͨƽݵΧһսʶĵԺηǵѣ
ԶǻʿУΪ׵ıǸˡʮģԪӤڵΪͬߣԪӤڲȡ⣬ȺлػòŮӡ
ԶԶŹˣֽ۹ƲĽ֮С裬һʱ治һ˵ǳȴһ䡣
˻̣һȴסӾһת漴ֶ¡Ӧתӵ˵˰֣ưոݣҵȻ뿪˵ء
ͷ£ֻᱻ˼ҷֶ֮ǻΪɲͣӲ˰һ˾ϣŵͷһʦܲ˼бɣΣѵͷ˭Աأ
һֱһĶԣɫΪ֮һ䡣ˣӽʮ۱ƴɱշлʩչݷԼӽѵж֣յ³֪Ҫ뿪ָδȥٴһΪƵĵطǲǽ첻Ӧеصز飬Ψеһ;ˣ
ǣæӸ͵ֵѣ˼
һֹ̧סˣɵ˵²˳٣䣡ڽȥ֮ʱ˱ʱɽȶȥؽգʩչݷҪҶϺ󣡡
ͬеʿʩչݷʱɢˡ䵥֮׷ϣθ㡣ǰʦͽδçײǴ򣬲ݻ֮ˣһ
ʶһ˵Գ
һǲ˵̧һУʼʮɷԲĽâէȻʧ˫üһɫȻͺȵߡ
Σʦͽﻹаֵĳɣʱ㻯ĵٿȻԶȥ

δȴǲ
ʦҪɱһʵΪ¡Ϊ˶ڵȲʤȯ˭δֱ㱻С͵Ϯһ̫ˣȴֲܲ߷ѵ
ʹ˼ʹ伱̣Сͬ⣬±й˼ɡֻ뽫ססٳһɴʦԸҲ
ʦûִǰ󣬿νǽСӲˣ
㣬˵Ҫɱһԭɣŵ˵³֮ڳ˽ԻõʦŰӵʹ͡ˣСӵ֮Ǵһ
粢δԣֻϵɱʱŨ˼֡伸λͬʦǳŹʾмвȥѰǸһ鷳˴󺰣ûˡ
״СҪӣλͷȥ׷ԸǸ뼸ʦԾֱһ׷ʩչݷȥ׷ʦͽ
ζ䣬Щҡ֮⣬ʮһǲΪΪ׵˼۹ȴǸ˵ϡΪβû룬˵Ǽ٣
ʧʦͽȥһȴפԭأ˫Է˺һɲһ紵Ȼ㵽֮⣬ȴ͵ֹסΣ˫ּӣǧٵķѸʧڰС꣬׷Ťͷߡ
ͬʱǶʮʿѸʩչ˶ݷʦֵܸǳǰͷ˭ϡ顱һ죬һӰе

˲㼲Уȴǲǰ죬ǡ顱ʮ죬ٴαֹסȥƣֻ˵Զݶȥ
׷˽ûһľٶȥ·裬һŷж˵εǽڡһɿĽ֮ǽһ㣬ѱײ˼ѷ졣
нΪСӲִٶͣһ֮ػر֮ʦûӵͬ¸˹ѡ
⧲֮裬ŭɶݷ˵̧гһѸֵӭһǰݺȥһҫĿĺХȥűǡһ죬ǱһʮɵĻڡɫһԲǰ۶ȥ


713 
һɵн֮䲻Ƿһ磬ջǵסǶʮ˵׷Լӣȴʦͽ˼Ļᡣ
Ȼһǰ֮ʱԽ˽׷˹Էڵһɲǣ䵭һӰȻʧת֮䣬ǧ֮һƿէ֣ǽǸ׷ǰʿ롣
ʿʩչʱֻܵĸ죬һм죬͵Ϯ֮±ŭɱʵ˷ʤ
ɱ֮󣬲˳°ǬһӰһٴûˡһ̣ǰʮİ֮У¡
֮䣬һɱܵˡ䲢δȥ˫һæµֱ½׷Ųת·
Ƭ֮һȥԻͷȥһڶȴûȿֺߡ
ûһɱķӲˣһεƲǡ
ԶһֱԹ۵ʮһ˹
һٵ飬಻ٲ½裬תֱʱɽȶȥ

ѵ˵طɫ˫˫ɽ̧ͷ֯ڵɽɷţɼŮ֮ʱ
ֹ˻ɽǰİ֮УͻȻӰΡһ
ݷʩչĶݷͬΪͬ·пͬʱȥһһʱ˼ͬʱ
ѽʦܣǻ׷ˡò׵һӲϲһ
ڰգһ΢΢ףշȥμ䣬Ǭ̱һ¡־ɽƬطʱâһǬȻɡ

ǼϢĹɽȵϿձð˼Ӱŵĸ뼸ͨݷʿ󣬹̸֮ʮһֳΣȴǰֻԶ
׷ʱݡƽͨݵʿ¶ʮˣȻС˴һɽдֻ·ɽ֣˲һʮɴС󷨡䱳ɽţɭϣƲ
ɽϵΣЦС֪·ӣֻڴˣҵػƾʲô޼£Ӧʣʹ˸ɫǻӰл⣬͵ŵļλֶθǿ˷Ҫ۽ˣ
ң̬Ȼ̧ץֵĸͬűȥӲʧʱ˵ҵ¾ʱ
ֻй뱻һײ˵λ߽Լһɽϵ󷨡ת֮䣬ضɽҡ
ɷ֣ЦǺǣһѣεס˵ǿֻڵϦ֮䣡ڰʮĹȵΣּ䣡

һʱ֮ʯֹȥʱɡ
㣬ʮ˿գ󷨰Ȼ
˫Ŀɺ죬뷢ң֮£ֻɱ˼ȴֽסһڣ˻һĳһͷ󱲺죿
ͬʱƣ˸԰֡ɽ֮ϣʮɴСһƾ겻ɢȴ᲻ɴβƣ֮⣬ʲôûУ
ûӦΪȤƺֻƣ̬Լĸʦǵ˼ߵĵزɵһ
˼죬˵ĳֶɱ˵ģɲ󷨾ģһ仰˵꣬ǼɳĵٿûǴżʦתɽСвǹߵɱˣΪ֮⣡

ͣˣϥ֮˿
ӵоɫȴ̬ɣЦʦܣ޵ڴ˴µ󷨸
ʦͽŵͷͣȴɵϢԴָ
뼸ͬһ޾̬ΣЦǺǣλĳ
ʦܵĻżⰡָ󷨵ڣҵȲ跨ӳְˣ˾֮ͣҾӹԹһ䣬ǽסЦ
һϽ«ڴ˵ŨԼ̹֮ͨȻӵ˳á
ԷǿһǲҴ⣬һ֮չȥ󲻽δ𣬷ļ̣ʹ˰
һϽ«δڣȴͣüһת䶯꣬Ƿյɽзɳһöƣץ
״ӵ˲ԡһȴ⣬еơƴСΪƣξ֣һΪٰһΪ
ʦܣƺã̲סʵԶʦͽ˹ɫ棬ҴһƳְ֮ڳΣģ
һأԴеƣҡͷЦƣ
֯ﾹĸɣѽû뵽һһէֵֹݵʦʦܰԵֿ󡭡
û뵽ٰž󱳺ĶһӦȴһпЦΣҡҡͷתǰ˼ּһ
һֹ쳣⣬æ˹ȥʵʦǡ
Ժ֪һ˵ס󷨵ȥɽеһĿȻ
һԶĹȵϣʮ˾һСб䣬һ̧ͷԶɴΪһɽڣͬһȺˡ
ǻδȥӲ޲졣
һӹˣԶͶ˼£ɽվ꣬Ⱥ˾Ǳ󷨷˹δǰʦûѴǰ衣
λֹŮǸ˵ģȴʦţһȡסԷ֮Цݣ˵֮ʣδرܷ˿֮⣡ŵĴɣ׷źð
ȥ·裬ɽϷ˲⶯ŭȴһɲҹѣ⣬ûԸǷǡ
Ϊ׵˽ü룬ɫȴڴʱԲ졣Żӹ˵ֻѰʾ仰ˣ⣡λҪӣ
Цݲ䣬˵ǺǣѰ˭ʻ֮нΪ֮УλĪҪ󣡡ãƱˡ
˰Ƴ˹ȵЪϢǻˡŮ˵Ŀ˶ڶѡˣԼֺαĽأ
ǡڴʱһӰٿ֮Ц𡪡
ǺǣȻѰʻҵĳУˡ
·ͻȻĪ˵һʼϲǻ˫ԿżͻȻһЦ֣㲻ҡ
һʵΣδ˵㽫е˹ȥתŻӳŮӺû㲻ΪжԼҵ
δ뵽˸߳󷨣ɵɫһ䣬æʶ˵ֶΣɲҳǿȺ֮Ϊϲߡ
ŮȥһδѣǴζЦݣǸˣڴԷеƣɫ
ȵϵǻһѷطŴ󵶳ǰͷ
һЦݵȥ˫ü΢΢ˣת֣ɱ𡣱ڴʱͻȻ˺ȵλͬţֵѲУ


714 
һͻȻǻЪϢʿȲ˹δѴͬż˹ȥ
ͻȻʮһ֣һ֮ϲ½ٻת֮죬Բ졣
ˣݶ룡
ܵοһɱһɣּһ־ǬȻһ϶вʾ⣬ʦͽʮ֮࣬пһս㲻Уرǡ

һϳжʮ֮ࡣ䱾һʿδֻԭعսԷͻȻ˰֣вȴ漴ֲΪȻ˴˵֡Ϊ̫࣬Ӯ
ת֮䣬𵺵ƬɽɱŰһƬҡǸŵĸ磬һɵĵâɱڣֻΪһ͵غߡ
ʱ˴˫Ѱ֣ҷɣս
һ߬еɫмΪζԼжӣҪס𣿲ڳеļԪӤʿű˲ˣŹ֡
һǰʮԶ߸еľ޵ԷδӭսɵɵڰУʮһ֪ӡмһڣϵâһ͵ȥ
һ칻ݣǳһķ֮ףâļλʿȴɫһԭѲ˵Ӱˣ
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ŲҺ𣬸ŲβԡСڵʯԼһѰ뵽ȺСˣײһ֮󣬸űǴӺɨ˹ȥλԪӤڵʿδع㱻ҳ˶ӡ
޳֮ȣŭһλԪӤڵʿ׷˹ȥ
ʱһνˮȺûרѰԪӤڵʿºֻ֣ʶԷ֮һͷײȥƿնݡ÷˲ǳ
ǻʿƿ֮ԪӤʿ˵޴Ӷܡ֮һǿĽǣ䲻ײһ£û˳ܵס
顪
һ˱ײ˳ȥһϡһȥܶԷǻתһʧȺУһ˲
״ŭģ׷ᣬȴһʱƣӦ

ԶսĹЩر˫ۣ¡һֱС˿ӣôһ򣬱ԪӤڵʿ˺֡δȥֻû⡣
͵˫ۣŰеΣͶ¡漴תԶɽ֮ϣ֮ꡣ

ѰĶ֣һģߣ˴˵Ϊ޼δԷйľֻܼ׷ҪǮ˹ȥֱƵæҡ
Ϊռ˱˵ӽסЦеȺŹʦն֣ʹ죡緢֮ʱʮĶʦͽӦսԼǰǹзȴԱݡ
еһˣһ֣ȴơֵΪսϣ˲ѷһֻΪ׵˷ǿ֧ų治ʧ

һ֣׷øѰ˵ù߳˹ȥڼٽ֮ʱͻȻͬʱϮ䰵ãһһξٿһ٣תûӰ
缸ٴ˿գæʶѰ
ʮĸ߿ϣһŴӸеɫƿռϮݷ࣡Σȴüͷ
⻹ǴжԲߣӦߣ
ʿս˽ͬͬˣ·㣬ǿǿ֮ٴֳ˾٣˰͵ϮǱƵöֲִ
ӿޣֻŭֹʦͽͬʱԸˣʱ·硣λ౻ֲס
״һΣ˲ռţ־Ϊս֮ʵöԸٶȥˡˣþգ
мƽϣһæӵ˴ԸʮŻ󷨣

һ󱲣㻹֮ʿβҷһս
һڣԷ׷ϣŭ߳׷ϣԭؽԪӤڵʿͬǸӣδһ𣬶˱˴ɢ˷ţսҷɵķͨʹƬɽӵ
ҿɲޣ´ţһĲɵػһ䡣
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һҡҡͷһƲĵ˵ֻר޵Ǹˣ
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һüͷ壬ͷ˵£ֻЩ˰֣ұѵһкѣӸµĿָһ
ʿ֮УΪޣΪºöߣޣͬȵΪ֮£޺֣ô˽ʢأ
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Ƭɽϵǰһһ֮࣬һɫСŮ˽
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͵ػӵĵâȴ;ըȻһͷɵİ׻צƲɵ
顪
һɽȣӰٿһֻ֡˺һվأɱⲻȴסЦ鼫Ϊĵ⡣һǵɳȥʮ֮󣬲һͷΣȴУĿȻ
ֻ߳߶೤
ԼٶӲ쳣ƴô˼һϡ
һ۹ƿ׷ѰһԶԶ׹ɽȡĪ֮ʣͷʧ
ϵĶôˣ޴ѰǽգǼ᲻ɴݣȥ׹
ߣһ֮УǺǡһܵУŭԻסЦϵĵâȻ˵΢ĩ֮壬Ҳĳɱˣ಻ףգӲ
һ̧ͷâɱѪʱס˸硣üʶ˵㣬


715 ޻˵
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֮УǵضĲֻѪ⣬Էս𣬸ϵ֮ɨɱ֮⣬˾η
ãȻ֮󣬸Ŀδ˫ĿԲ͵ҧ⡣ֱһھѪŽס˸սδ̧ͷȥɫһ䡣
ˣһֿȭ˫üˮѪ˸ǳ紵͵ͬʱһ೤ƾ֣צ֮ٿȻΪһ壬ԪӤڵȻ
Ϊǿ¶η塣֪ΪΣعͷһ顣ʿ֮£ܳŵסԼһ˿ɲࡣСΪ֮£ֻȥѣȴأҪһ˫ȭͷƴ𣿻ûӰ֮֮ǿ

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֮⣬Ի˻˸֮󣬻׿Զɽ壬漴ĬĬ˵ͷ
һˣɢܵɽ֮ϣǡýɽΧ˵䡣ǺƤϷһĨЦݣɫ⡣Сӣӣ

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޷ʦܵһ˫ȭͷĿԴӻߵ˴꣬ȴԸе㣬æ

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һٴεͺһ׹һߣƾŪ飬С˸ĳˣ㲻ԪӤСɵΪֿȭ֮»סҵġХɣ漴ɱһٱ죬âʢ
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ҫĿĹâ֮УĺȻըɽΪ֮
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һ˫ȭһХꣿ羪ʧ˫۽âأѲá
һȥֻһ٣ȴɱⲻעŶԷǼһ䡪
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һӰʱ˸磬ʱ굶ֱֱֶ˳ȥ
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ڴ˿̣սĻɫһ䡣룬æһƬ˿У˻⣬һס
֮еĸ磬ٲĴҡһ־һֶƬͬ͵顭
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һƬ֮УһɫòǽϮ

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Ľյסһʵɫ׳Զʾ£ֱ̧ۡλԪӤʿᣬתȥͬʱɽܵɽϳһӰ֮ǰһɽ£ת֮ڳԴļơ
ɽ֮ϣ֮ǰɫ졣˿󷨣תŰڵĶ֣ɵҡҡͷеʮλͬŸŲһʱ֪롣
ԭأͣȻʧʦܰΪ˭һ˫ȭΪԵһȭŵԪӤڸ֣ʹ죡ֻϸвã˼ҵİ㡣ʯͷǺá
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ܵΣһ̾Ƴӣ˵ֵһʱ֮һ˶ҵֻɾ䡣԰ꡭ
Ŷת˵ͷֿһߵΣƵֿסԷһšתҾأʦܵһģ
Σ˵λѣ˰ٰģΪѰʦö
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Ƭ̣Ļ˵һԱѰʦõ䡣˭۾һɣǷתرܣǲмΪģ

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У̸ŴʯͷˡǰЦݣɫ⣬һģ
ҡҡλվΣ漴ɫһ࣬ߴ׳΢΢ȥ۵ǰ˸󶴣¶ëؿڣһ˶ϵȭӡȻĿŲԶĴʯͷһۣһʱ֮䣬𺧡㵡߷ӿͷνζӳ£˲ܡ
һʹƺ֮ǻһ˿Ѫ꣬Ż˿ȴǺֽӣǱ߹ǣΪˣ굶ᣬܴ谡
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⻰࣡ͦţȴֺߺεعӡ
ת۹תЦӯӯһɽϾ¶ʮǲʧʱסɽ󷨣Էһͬûҡ
ǺǣǷһۣǴ󹦸ɣ־ЦתֿĴʯͷֵɸֱһ֣ǽթӴ˽١
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Ҫ֪ǽīţֻоŴŲſɻáô˷ԸһĿɼһߡ
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˵ֺⷬð֮⡣
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һصɱһϹûΪˣǾľֻſԴԸ
ϢƽȻһЦתԶкһ
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˫֮ʼһִ˸磬űǽҶŵȵȣĶǵһǰķƬ֮䡣
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ȻȥֻɽȵϷ֪ʱһӰǸ۵ʿƮǰɫȻ䱳˫֣ڰ֮УĬĬɽȡ
˵ģһŶԷ۹ӹֻñ䲻Ҵ⣬æվ

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һͻȻʧֱû˲ٳ֣ʹӵһ󷨣ȴСʯͷɽġԶΧӽ಻̸ֺܹأ
ǻˣ֮ˡʦŴξΣѣȥ˵ˣ˭ҵʦأ
ԹۣͷǸζɲˣΣ
ٰŵĵУ³ȻʦΪ֮δʵ飬ֻѰְˣۼʦѣ漴⡣ߣδţΪʵ˵ѰʦãƫʵȻԵʦܣ
޼ƿʩҡͷ̾Ϣȴ̧ͷȥͷһ漴һһоϲɫһնӭ˹ȥԭȵǻȴǸԷأֻܽǴʯͷ
״ӻȻ漴գ۾麣ϼʶһأǰٰŵĻʦﴨ
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ڴ˴µӣﴨ΢΢ףȴأԴɽеĴʯͷ꣬תɽϵ󷨣һѰѣȴɭϣԲ
ĵ˴ӵһԣҶԡﴨȴ뵽ʲô۹Ŵʯͷһˣʵȷ˽֣ǺԵʣ
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ӣݼǰ˼ҿҪʦܰ


717 Юͼ
ͻȻðһλĸˣɽеЩæҡƬ̣һְ
һȺʿİݼԼĵ˵ǣﴨһԲֻԲ͵ذڰ֣תɽ¡俴֮ǧͷʵ壬󷨸
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ץ˺һεذһɽ·˹ȥ

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һҵϷԵʹͣΪ˱㽫ڶ֮Уܡﴨҡͷֵ֮ǷǷǣΪţ˰۶̣ˣжʤϷҪ󡭡
ǰɣæȰ衣Էɫ죬ִͷſģǰԮֻ֣ȵʦܣԽ⡭
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һʱᣬͷʦﴨҡͷ˵һɺԣһСŵĵӣϽ顭
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ڴ˿̣һͻȻﴨȻתסвܵ׹ʧ
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ֻġԶĹȵϣһֱŲ˶ʯͷ͵صߣȻء
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Ŀɿڴ֮ʣǴʯͷը˷飬һɵĺɫƿնǡһ󷨼̱
ڴһɲŭ쭵ƶȻԺɨ֮ƳŰ˷ȥܵʿ㲻ȣһʧɫæˡǴȴâűɱŸӺȻ¡
ӻݲұ䣬Ҫʩչݷ㱻ӣĻŮӣͷԼҵһֱСĵĸ磬Ťͷӣȴ漴ǵɫĿû
䡪
һ죬ٴնˣȥƽȵ϶ʱһɳʮľ޴ڣǿķȴХžþòϢ
ЩԶʿͣ»ͷһδɽϣȻʧɽϣٰŵͬȻѣǰﴨʦͽȴϲɫ
ʯڵĵطһƬǽ塣һն졭


718 Ǩŭ
һ̵ɽУ
ǵ޴ǰһȻڵ£ҫͦζǿɽȻһ·նֺƴԡѪɱɢȥս̴棡
һ̧ͷһա˫еѪ⣬Ũضķ΢΢һ漴̧ץȥһСɵȥת˲Ǭа
˾ɽϵĹ⡣ƲĽ˳ɱˣ˴˭Сӵĵ֣תȥȴͷһСӳƾɱ˻ӵԼ֮
ֻɣɫһæﴫǻʿԻ̻֮ʣһѹ׷׾£һ
ʧãһĬĬ¡꣬𣬻ǰȥ֮ɽϣԹΪ׵һʮ˽Դһɫ
һ󷨣ǡڴʱһɵĻ
һţȥδֹ
ֹһ߳ٴδ
һѪ£أǰͻȻαһ١ʱ䣬кɽȣﾡΪᡢ͡ˣܵ౻Ϊá
ͷһһѪɫŨתעɽϵˡԷַףɫ˵ʹ޵УȴϷĶ֡
һζԷ˵ԪӤ֮£֮ΪãԪӤ֮ϣȴƿ֮Ϊáһ֮ңر𡭡
һü˼ԷֵϷﴨΪֶ֯ȵĶԹǷǣȴȰһ䣬һϵ֮ģɱ֮շұΪ
ﴨ˵꣬ɽȵƶʱûˡһվŲ⣬ɫ
ʦܣæɱˣҪ󷨡ò׳˻ᣬӴһڿշת۷һĽǰȴ˵ֳͣ꣬ɽϵİﴨָֻţȻŭδ
ʦͽ˹
Ƭ֮ӱ˿ˮԷ߷߲ƽشŴϤԼһУһĬתڵɽ塣ǻʮ˵߬ŽԴ
£һ졣һϵƣƬƬ֮óһס̻¶ŵ壬ųʦͽʾ⡣ѪûӰ˫γ

һɽ£ɽϵǻ˷
˿ȴɫ˵ʦ֣˲öԸҲʹȥ
Ϊ˵ŵ׮Թһλͬţҵ御˸ͣ˲Ըݣѵʿ˵һɱλʦ֣񼫣ģҵټͬɾнɱˡ
ִ˷硣ɵüͷɫĺڳ
˶ʰһȴ뷴½ɱʮˣλԪӤڵĸڴˡ
ʦΪСʦڲ޵£ټֲС
Σֹסˣ˵ŵĵѿһݵͬλŵĵ뿪˴ƽϡ

һӵ˻صɽϡﴨ˫־һǰ
˴ɣһδŹذݼﴨǻͷȥ˷׷뿪˾ԶȥЦת̧һУ뻳Ǭ֮ʧ
֯ѱڴ˴λ㣡
˵һ䣬һҲﴨˣԹڰ֮Ѱ˿طϥ״ʦͽ˹ȥ
ﴨɫ糣ֻǵһһıӰΪҡҡͷһСתɽǲŵɽ꣬һյɽ˵֯˴ĵطΪʦ뿪˵أ
ԭʦݵʦλͬŰáĻɽڴ֯ﱾˡ˵֯ͷæʦգ
ﴨüͷ˵˴Ƿ֮أʦķԸ
ǲ쳣֯˵жرʦȫգӽǰһʦһ֪
Ƭ֮ɽзɳһö򡣰ﴨӹֻԿ£΢΢ݣ̾㡭һת˵Ըǣ
лʦ֯Ӧ֮󣬱û˶
ﴨֽһ飬㽫ߵġԷӹͬŴġ˼Ųƣһˡ
֮⣬һĿ³šһԵȴһֱɽǰΣﴨ̸в޵غŤͷߵ˵֯ΪŮӣȴ֪ͼװ
⻰ǰָɶԷǻǰΣԸ£ӵһۣλվ
ҰҰ죬ֻýһӵɧȥвʣѧһģ˫ۣ߽İﴨӶ
˴Զﴨͣ½Ųʦͽʩ񣬲һ˿֣˵ȲؾѰһл˵
ʦͽ˱һԣһȴŲŤƨɣװơ
СķﴨΥ裬ֻҡҡͷ˵һؾҵԵ飡ʹ㣬Ϊ˵ţóһǰ
δأһȻ˫ۣ
ﴨһЦ˵˷ؽޣΪѵã㡭δ˵꣬ɫһֻһδǽתֱַ
δ۱סԴ㵲ѡ
ﴨûЦݣ벻ĬȻƬ̣һʵߴͣתˣ
ǰĺͣһܲ𣡡һһתֵ֮ʣֳѲ벻󡣶޶裬ʵ
ԣĪ
һȻֵҾȵ֮֯٣޲ֻΪ˺ɣǷҵֳЮͼСˣ
Ļοص˵ͷֱͦ͵ʦԲҵСţȴֵΪȣɲԿ಻ռˡɲռ಻ԿѽôǺˬһ֣תѾͷˣ
ȻæлӵΣ񰵰ҡͷֻýһΣʾʡ
ﴨĹ򼫺ãȴǸеͷһ¡䱳˫֣Զɫ糣ö룬һʦֵһǨŭˡ
۹һϣﴨ˵ٰҲ㣬е֣ɱΪʿԶǷǣݣԳɣ
ǰӣ˾ȲԾȣһҡͷȻ˵׷ѽϪ˽ǰݣֺǷǶԹ
ﴨ£ȴ޻˵תȥ֮ʣǴؿһʵӵĽΣ


719 ̸
ԭֻǽһһѰСˣĿ˵ǿ뽾֮󣬰ﴨ죡Ϊˣ֮ǰ˵ȥ֮ʶһ䡣
һòˣͨƿɱλԪӤ֣Ծˣݹ۾ţ㱾µСδšﴨóϲɱ¾ѪȣԴֻǰ죬ȴδ⡣俴ΪǴ
⣬ȴԼĵӣʱʹһνһһ£޵ߣֹˮžԳɣΪߵЯ֮ǸΪ棬ԼⷬǰԺŵʱ˽
֮󣬰ﴨŷԼǵ͹һԷòᣬڳˣΪʶԲһ㡣ǻаػ棬ǹ磬еõ˵ķ緶޴ָ㡣
һˣһСأԷٴðﴨԶԡ
һɫ˵б̸飿һǲʶô֮ˡ

ﴨѰ˿طĿڤ˼ȥˣĵɽϸЪϢ
һûԼۣͬҪڴ˴غաֻ׳󣬽Լһ
ٴβµ󷨲ʮɶѣɱ˰Σݣ
һ˾ٺӣ˶԰ٰһ˽䱸֮ġԷȴԴ˼ֲ֣̩Ȼ֮˴˫ǿб𣬴˷֮С
ס֮һ˽˼䡣˴գ⼸˽ƣǴʱýɵϢһ
ܲ쳣һ˿طϥ꣬ס£ǸϺֳŨŨľ

ת˲һӾоһ֮ڣʦͽԳû֮⣬֯δأһɢɽϣһ̬СǸﴨȴˡ
΢֮Уһʶ𵺡һ̮ĶǰǻһϤӰ
״һһƲɫмԽǼ䣬ɽϵ쳣һϢƷ˰ӣĪɾеĺ֮ϣǱǸɣ麣ϼһ棬漴ϳ˰ﴨݡ
ΣԳĸ˿ɶˣȴΪòȻ֮ʵ˹άʶһ԰ﴨӶֻȥѰһ˵鷳
Ρ
һҡҡͷ۹Լ˫ϡ߬ȭͷʱӿһ㵭ĹâۻǿȫڴһɲΪ֮һ͡
ɿȭͷһǶһĨЦ⡣ڶиɾгԣ޵Ԫ֮֮纷Ϊս˾澳ʤͷս죬ս£սǿûһ˫ȭŵĸ޻֮
СӤħӤĲԼǿħӡһӴ˽١Ͼʱúĥһнǣصޡ
ǱƲѣһԸʩչħӡƾɱɾѪ֮׳ԼħӤľֹ̫죡δȥħԳʢʧ˱ģսɱ¾԰Ρ⣬ֶʾأ
Ƭ̣һһǰʮǬϣɱ˼ˣʮһԪӤڣĸԪӤڣԪӤڡ
ȻɱôԪӤ֣һס¡ʱԪӤʿֹĴڣȴԼ׹һɱˡ˹Լֺγˣ
֪ΪΣһĺ󱳺ðһɺηȻת¡ǶļɵǶľη
֮һһһ鿴ǬĵҩҩӦоУʯ֮ࡣʿ޲Ļۣһķᡣ
һֱǬ䣬ֻһö򡣴ŵĹΪ¿£˵ͷ
ķвͬȴ;ͬ顣Բ֮ǣ֮֮ķ롶ġ롰ֵƣȴǳࡣ
˴һȻѹ˽Լ֮ˣĲǡɱȣ֮
ֻһƪŻһ¡
黯ΣΪһ޳֮󣬽һ壬Ƕ˼ֵı仯硣޴ͨȴ辶ƪ
νǳȡ޻ΣΪʿáˡ
еһɵǰ񲻿ɵĴ󵶡Ƭ֮ƪֶ֮˵ȼɽƶɣ˵ªȴʤڳضӲǳеķǶ֡ɾôһ᲻ɴƴȴ˼һϣ
ϵĵڣһüͷ˼һԣ̧ץ˸ǰѴ
굶Хǵø
һ־ڵƬط˳ĳ߳ĵһĨ΢ġһ֮ǰĽƱ֮һХ𣬿档
üһһ굶һף˫ӡǰ͵һץǲŴӵεİ׻һ٣ת
һĬ̧һָǰ׻ƽȴأԲ
Σһ˼ٴδ˼־׻һǻȥӰŲæѰһߵƿԷΪת˲һâС
˰׻֮һƿ˼ƣꡣ
ǻꣿƿ֮ڣһͷͨӨ׵ͻԣ̬һ˫ͫȴɢ׹⣬Ʊˡ
׻Ѱѵá׻֮ͷɾԪӤڵΪʵֻɾвĴڣ
ƿһԣһ̧ץХ󵶡˵ķ࣬ɼǸף
һʶ뵶鿴һ󷨣ӦΪ֮֮⣬С뵶ϽǶвͬ󷨣á
һѺõ֮£̫ˣ
һ˿ϵ¶ᡣٺᣬԼҵĶᣡֽ۹ϵĻХϣ˼
ͷ˼ƽϣһµϵ󷨣һʱĹ䴧Ħһ֮ЪϢִһΡŽХ󵶺ǰԶ
ϧһѺõҵֻˣ
ɣһָһϸСĻǰͬʱӤϽ𣬶ɫƸ־ϸСĻתۻܵĻŽ󵶹
Ӥ֮£󵶵ۻļΪʱ֮ɡ
һȻ⡰Х󵶼ȻԿԼв֮մȥûһգԼ
˼һɫһջӤĬȻƬ֮ٴλ̧һһƺɫĻɳ


720 Хɷ
ǰ¹ȥ֯ˡɫƣȴɫϲȺͬӭ˴ⲻһʺ
ʦá
ʦ㡭
Ӽ㣡
¶㣡
ŮӸԽȺ֯ң̬ǡ
ʦ֣λͬŰãλӰã
֯Цӯӯһһк֮һ˫ӹԶ󷨣תɽµһࡣʦﴨȻЦ͡
Ӱݼʦ˼غˣδǰ֯Ƿʩ
Ǻǣ˷氡̶һ±ȴһ׮ԹΪʦοﴨĿ֮ɫֵۻ˼ңΪʦ·
⡭Ӵ֯ﻹóʦһǿԼƽ۷֮ԣԸʧ䣬ȴ棬ֻ׳ǡʦôˣ֮νߵغ׳ˣ
֯ת󷨵ڣδƲâðĸӰʦͽȴ˳֡в⣬˹ȥ
ʦæԳӡѣ뽫תɣ˹ɤʾ
֯￴󷨣ͷһɻӵĻԵ࣬Եβƣڻرʲôұչص࣬ɽоʲôΪû
תʦλͬţ֯أԲ⡣⣬ɣ
ǵǴλҰСǵˣϽ«һԻԼ˵Ǻ«ߵԪӤڵΪ˵ַ죬ȴȴʧڴɡ˷Ϊ֣ȴв㡭
ʱʦύһҪƷһûΪķ׵ˣȴδϵѱϳݡ
뵽˴֯ݸһЦ漴Ȼʦѣھ֮оԼ񣬱ֽ㾡ѪƳ۷ϣԱл⣬ȴҪת
£֯߻¶ǳǳһЦ裬˫ּһ
ӵ֣뽫תֵѣ˫ɿ֯ŵۻȥ˵ɴţáѥͬǣ
ӵϣ֯Щƿ۹⡣ֳԶʦͽʾ⣬תȥ
ʱȺյİﴨѵ˰Уµӷ׷׶˹ȥ֯סֻһƳ󷨺޶תնĬĬǰȥ
ĿŰٰŵһ뿪˾𵺣Ӻһ˵ǰﴨһŮΪˣ
ԣƣӦλ鶦ŵʵ⡣֮޵˾кı֯ﵹǸ֮ˣ
һԵǾ۲ѣ֪۳ȴмУͳʯֻоŴеĳſôһ֯Դ֮Գ⡣
ֻ۵Σ˽Ĺʡ
ӴֿۣЦʦܸԵǳǽύŵŮӣһϲӶһЩ˵ţؿһ۲Զ󷨡˵ƢԣǸϲ˳ޥĵ֯
һӣӳʦͽʾڴ˴غգҪʦƳķ

֮Уһ԰ﴨ֯ȥ޶ԣרעǰ֮
ǰѻХ굶ˣûӰһǰԶһոµ伦Ѵϸ߰볤ֱ⻬źɫĹâɢźɨĿƣη
˷´гŻȻһµһԵáɷ׻ĴХ굶ܿ㻯Ϊ֭ԸգڽʮԪӤ֮󣬲Ƕ󷨣ŽΡ
ª㲻ϣȫƾ۸ˣȴ̥ǣòգΪһ
һãѰķһߵƿƣץȥһ೤İ׻˳֣ʮ㡣
ǰ׻֮ʣһѸһ־˳ƵһξѪ΢ĺһѪƾշ룬ʱû뻢֮С
Ѫӡ֮£׻ʱήҲһָһ㣬ӰȥһƻٿȻ֮Сһ΢΢һЦԴԺɷ
ֻԭ˷ԪӤ⡰ɷ˭أ䰵ɷ׻֮ȴ쳣
˼֮һ̧һУŵġɷϺڹһǲӰһ̣ѷ֮У˻СŵӤ˫ϥ֮ϡ˵ӤӤ֮УΨħӤֿȭֻ˫ŵһɡ
ͬʱھĴ¡ɷмҡҡͷ漴ֱ˫ۡ

ЪϢ֮һȥӵ
æۣ֯Ľתһ飬ֺһ䡪
ʦܣ֯ﵹҲ
⻰ĪŲԶļλͬ飬һЩãȻ
ӹһЦͷ̬ȴһоڲСתˣһ㡣׵ʹ۹ȴбߵʦ֡ɫΣһ֮󣬹ݡ
һأԲԶȥһʱɽȣֻǵڣ֤һСʱľϣ˵Ӱǧ֮⡭
Ϣ֮䣬ʶ߰ǧĺ棬һ˫ü꣬Ž۹ϡԭȣϵɫûݻȴ˼ּԼˮɴһ㲨ӿˮƮȥԲ
ѥɴţ֯棬˭֪Щأ
һЦ£ֶһ˫ѥ
ʦܣǿ۰ԭ֯йȻѥӺץסʲôѱСߴٵҵȳʶ
ʦͽѭһĺ棡
һ㵣ѥˣ˵죬װ˻غͿ֮
֮һϵûˡһƤѥӡ顱һ鿪ѻѥֳȥԭĻҲۣԳһƮݲۡ
һͷ档ۡѥԿڣʵࡣ֯˵ãպԲſ֪
ѽӦ׼Ǿϻ˿װԭȸҳúÿ֮󣬻ģ䣬ٷ硭ӹЦһۣȴꡣΪĸƵıв֮óûʶһ
ʱһӵ֮֫ȳƶ׳Ʈݶ֮󣬸ͦΣ׿Ⱥֻһͷڷʣ֮ǶĪЦݣУ˼ĵ⡣
˵۹ǶԼһҡͷ⣬ڴˣ˭˵ֻŮӲŰϧԼòϽ«˩䣬ϵдԼ
һȻ֮ʣдѽϽ«˨ˡ벻۾գ
ǺһЦһкλ˸öʱˡ


721 Ҫ
ھ𵺶˽ĸ£һ˼ǰ
̵ʱӻʶһһƵıԷȴҫ֮гԺлᡣ漴˺ͷԸǸԶҪ֡˵𣬷ͷʦɱأ
һǰУ֮󣬽󡣵µĺ½أ˴ӿ
ɻҰף̲ĺ棬ѳһƬƽ̹Ļԭ޼ʣǰİﾡͷȴ˾Ÿ޴ɽڣĪ⡣
ɽ֮أȴͬʱ˾Ÿɽڣ޴ѡ񡣲֮óͼ鿴ԶһãȻ޴롣
һ̧ͷ죬ֵͷ˲Ƚµĵأһ۵дԽ⣬Ͻ«Ʒ𣬱һץ𡣰׹һھƣ̬С
Ƭ֮Էϵͼҡͷ
ŷСƣޱߣͷƮݵۣйӰ˼֮ӾźĴַ£ε˵һѶѣô԰ڣ˵ʦܰǰ;ĪҪи˵ǣָǰ˵ǿǾŸɽأ뵱ұһ±
һԵ񸽺͵ȥδӣӽûţֵѾϡ
ɽһ⣬һȴδšһ߰ŰĶһеΡ
ڡɷ֮󣬻һֱ²ɷ׻Ӥ޴Եǿڣ䲻ܡΪˣʱʱһ֮⡣
ˣһ΢΢һЦ⣬׻Ϊ꣬ȴǣңӤ׽һɷ׻ƣĪˣ
ɷ׻зپ֮ܣȴԼ֮£̫ðʧǼʱӤ׻ֻ»굶ᱻճмɷ֮ȴ֮ڣǻܡ
Ʋһ룬ί£ǽðˡ
ʱʻһֻһھƣһϽ«ԹԻص䡣һƲǣű˫֣ѵ߹
ˣ۲ѣȴֱԹɲƵʱҵȸδȥ㵹˵仰
ǺǣҿŸɽûʲôͬԿɾϣбǣ˴Զһͣ½Ų񣬴ɵЦݽ˵¹ظλһԾ֮
⻰ôűŤأδ룬ѽɽ֮ظвͬͼʾΪ̫ģҰסΡ᪡̫ϣ۹ؾɽɢᡢ顢ءܡΧ֣֮ߴ˵ɾ鷳ˣ
Ƕһ۹һ漴ʲôɵɫ΢ǷǷӣǸʵֵѣΪֵеһ¹ڻ
һδ𣬶ǲÿɷĺǺһЦھġһ̣˹˵;ʱ֮ĻĵҩΪˣԶģ˳·һˣȴ˼ҵƣֵ˼ڲѽˣ
Σ֣һһ죬æŹӡ
ʦʦˣʹһԵλرֻܲεع˹֣漴ĺһʾԼҵס
ϣʱǫ̣תӹЦѻݣŮԣδ֮Уޱҵ⡭
һһʾԼʦͽĴתǸ˿ѵĺˡ
Ӷʱ㣬˰Ѻ룬Ϊ˵ʦܰǴ˰ܲɡδ˵꣬һظĵֵԴԺ󣬸ıǡ
һڰ֣ϵЦݵȥǰˣ£˵Ҳǽƽ֮ˣȴòˡ
һ٣һתԶ˵ҵȽУͬͬ˲ԣΪһ˽ǣˣ
ԣ鷢Ըֹ̲ʦֵܺ˵ҪΪ˼Щɣ
⣬ֻȻδĬֻһĻﻺ˵ȥļѣвκ³ҵҪǰΨиðʸ֮գ;ʵҶɾ֪Ȳ޲ֻͬ᪡̫ϣ۹ɽߣµɽȴѡ񡭡
˻Ӻȴ˷ŵһУһ䡣
һ˵ǧ֮⣬һȺ˸ǰɽδرû
ǹˡӾʦͽɫһ䣬㷲
һͷ˵˲δԶȥʼǧ֮ǻ
ʶǿ󣿡־֪ʧԣæ˭ʦܰҵǺã
һת̹Ȼ˵ڴˣֻ»ĵ֣ͷͬⲻ˾ʶҵΨһ·ǰɽ֮ء
ʦԣٶһӣ˵ʦͽ飬Ӧӡ
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˰ƣһεҡҡͷֻóڳɵʦͽʾ£̶

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һĴɽһ㵲ס˵ȥ·ȴѿһĻڣ֣Ī⡣
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һأԿǰδ쳣ʮ䲻Զȴǻͫɼ˵УУУ㱼һɽڡ
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ȣһֱǰȥٽɽڰԶһ٣ȵֹ
һͣµһɲѲۿűҪɽڣȴ䲻ĺһͷأæʵǷб䣿
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һ̧ͷɳĳâǵɽڣ֮ѿһ߷϶Ϊ죡֣Ī⣬ʹһʱ治ǳ
۹ǰһ˵תһɽڣ
ΪΡӲʵһһ㵽⣬ͷҲ˵ɽڱ˲˼Ϊص󷨣ҵͶ
һ漴һڣɶ񣡡ʦͽѭɽ׷һɽʱٴƿڴԭɽֱ֮˲󷨡
ĸɽڣȴǵ۹ɽɽڣֻŶֱɽڡ
˴ͨҰɽһ֮ͣͫ£δ󷨡ͷɣȴǽ֪ļˡ
״еɽڲˣȴɽڲ󷨣ⲻҪԼյءӹɣⶨǹһΪ󷨲֮УΪأʶѲԼĻͫ죬ֻ塣
ֻҰɽǾڣûأǹ˵©Ϊ֮
ѽôһĹȺѱƽ˴²ʮ֮࣬ȻǳҵȶӾ
ʦͽ֣ԾأԲܻͣĻֹʮˡף
Ӳ룬źɲһ˵²˳٣˴裬ҵȥһӱȴ͵صӣʧҪˡ
ڵɽͻȻðһӰ


722 עһ
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Դˣһδ죬ֻҡҡͷƲȥ󡣹һֱڰпţʵ⡣һˣǰ͵Ϯǹɱһ
ת֮䣬ɽгǻѵԶӵ˾֮ʣһ˫âһȵȥһɽڣϺ󣡡ſ³һڹ⣬֮һХأǡ
Ӳ棬æʦͽߡ
һ̧һ㣬ƾֳһͷɵİ׻ʮ㡣̤ɫĿ쭣ȥ
ڴǱʱǵȵ˶֣˷ӵȥʢͻȻڷ棬׻Ϯɵ⧲֮£һæŶܣȴܲ顱һ»˳ȥ
˾ʦֵĻ꣡
һ֣ͷ׻أڰצڵصס˵ȥ·һɵתݣĺڷХȥƾˡ
һȴڳ֮ɷˣûˡ
ѰķʶʹſʩչӦе˻ġɷΪͬڡ֮£֮Ѫӡƣ˻֮ͨһֻٿͷ׻УԵ֮ʱ˸֡ʶںΣֱɽ֮ȥ
ǰ·裬ɽӿȥһ͡ӺĹ鳤룬Ҵ¡۹ӹǰ׻ԶЦǺǣСѲ̶ֻӣ⻢겻ΪǣŵͬӦԼֻҵһΧ֮ʾ⣬
ת˲֮䣬һɽڱ㲻ʧʱطһСΧĻѣһźڷ˻һץɷȴɫһǰɶȥ

ʦͽһȴֻǱ˶ʮԶ㱻һȺסȥ·Էǹİ֣ݵһʿ
Σ֮ʱͬݵĵѣӦ׮ϲ¶ȴŭɶ֮ǰϳ˴ˣ㰵п಻ֻĴҲָԷҪ¡·ԸǱ˼ҵסȥ·Ҫûٰ
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Եα׷ɱӤδ˵ȴֺسһ䣬ֵݡӺݵͬͼı죬Ŷ壡һһԭί
㡭ӵŭȴ˼ɣֻýŭĻǿ˻ȥ˲ԪӤСɵΪȴŵݶװǻơԶʮ˼̽˵ʱӤ֮ˡ
λѣԸ塢ʮλԪӤ𣿻óļǵǿֲޣһԵʦͽǽ֣ɵûȥ
Ǻǣʮ˲Ǳҵȶֺ뷭أšɆ¸ͣ仰δ˵꣬һ߳𡪡

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Ųꡭɨ棬ڷŭˣһԵӤʼĬȴڴʱһЦ
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״Ӥ˽һ䱾ʧ̫ϳϡ
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һ˴ϾӤƽϣһݵʿʹɱ֡Ȳ֮£׳ǿƣó
ѽʦܹȻŵӽǳţ죬һֱǰȥʱ׷ĲԶҵæʦͽУ;ӤʱһڣʾͷĲޡ
ŵأ㷲ӤȴڴʱкҵȲ࣬ݱǷǲźãѡ
һ߲ߣǱһ˱׷˹ӤĻʱǽˡæ˲¼ɶ֦Ըһʮת۱뿪ɽǰƬط
׷ɽʱǰסһ˵ȥ·ΪˣϲõʧϸСӽյù˭϶Էתһԡ
ȷǵ֣㲻ᣡδӤһ˷ϣǰ׷ȥ

һɽڣΪɽڡֻ鿴㷢ɽص󷨡ֻôԵĵ飬׷֮£ֻӭڵĶ֣Ըʦͽ⣬
ˣһĴҡǱʮԪӤס׶༪١
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һٴιӭս˸סţּǳԣʤֻŲס֡ɵĸɽ£ӰС˷Ķײȴ춯ء

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ÿһɽڿ޼ȴв֮ͬɽ̮˰ߣȴлɫڣǳ
ͼ鿴£Ϥ˴̫ͨɽСܵء֮ƣվڡһӣʦͽǰ
вʮеȥһԺȻɫԶУͻȻðʮӰ
ĵ飬δѰȥ·ǻȴʱϵˣ
ӵͷǿ಻ԣʦ˵ǻ˽ɱڣǳԼ˶ʮλֵ³ʮ
ǺãԶԼҵʦʧ˷磬ףȻ޴롣
ΰҧ˵ʦʦãֵȣҷͷ£ǿԿ
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̾һʾˣ·ȥεطŰۣȴ棬ֻü׷ʦʦöˡ
仰ĹǻⲻƵĸֱ㵽ʮ֮⣬ʦͽȴֱȻص˷ŵǸɽǰһ־սˣ˽ٽ
ʱ˿̣Ӳ룬ʦͽһӣעһشȵ·ǡʱҲߡ


723 ̫Σ;
Ÿɽڣͬȥ·ͷ޴ѡ
ǰзӣǿֱϮˣΣ֮£һͷ̫ɽɽڡ俴ǰǾ·Σһǰ㱻ʮ꣬ùűȺŹ
ӲȥʮӰѵʮ֮⡣ʦͽҳɣæűɽڡ
ʱһδľٻǻǵضӵ˱ԭ·أڻŲ·֮³ɽڡ״֪֮ǰĻְ˵ˡҪԸĻһ˷ͷδزǸӡһ̤ͬĪΣ;ǰǣ
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꣬ǻﱼϮ˵ĸֻ㼯һȴɽڳǰ
˾ʦܣ
Ԫʦ֣
ǸŵʿԽȺӭߣ˴˷׷׹ֺѡԷʮ֮࣬Ϊ׵һλµһλ׳ߡ
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ŵĳϣΪԪòмַ·𣬹ִ׳׶
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ټôĸԸһˣ𣿶ʦһʮ֮࣬ĪǻɱǸһ
ŵԪвͣں˵ƺߣŵĪ˼ɱʦ뼸λʦܣﲻˡㆪȥ׷ɱ֮
УεҡҡͷЩ˵ٶ׷ȥá鳤˵ǰʮһ󣬼֮֡£ͬԮ衭

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һһʱɽǰ徲ˡ
ߣһֱһʿЪϢ
ӤԳ˵ɽЦţԵáԵһȴĻ⣬Թѣ㲻ҪѰǼָ֮ʱԵһԲ㡭ɺң
˵֮ŵĹûʧ֮ʣֹסİ̾Ϣ
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˭³⣬˾ǡôأ
ӤתЦ֮ºࡣǰٽɽ֮صʱԶԶǸһӵ½ɱλĳҿǲٰϲ֮£ʱ⣬ĳǰӣ˭Էóһ˼Ľ
ߣСӵһʱȴôĸ׷ɱж񱨰
ߣ޾Ҳֺ黳أӤοһ䣬ֲΪЦһСŵĵӣ˵ƣοѱ桭
˵֪ŵĳרƶɣα첻ãʵвͬʾбµ޲֪
Ӥͷ΢㵣ȴɫ˵СӲǽҼһƣŵĳϡ
ҡҡͷҿ£µ˵δԼ̫ϳϵĽƣҾῴߣɺš
Ӥ۹һ벻üвα״ԾţǿԺˡĪСӵĿɽɼˣ˭ֻὫ̫ϳϵ㣳
СӱΣǱ׷ɱһû˱ӻǸĹƱؽС

Ƶ£ϿȶͣɽʯᾡӰӵؼɣֱǰδ֪ȥ
˴̫ɽڣ
һ֮󣬱㵽ͷɽ֮СޣΪްȴֻ߷СΣһ·ܿ׷ʦͽ
ĶӣһѵָΪ֮οѡΪ·ӣҡ
һ˵ֻǴߴٶԷǰС
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һ뿪ԭأڴɽڡ
׷ˣжˡӾ˴ʯͷʦͽɫ΢䣬æżӿΡ
ʮˣΪ֣һ˫֣΢΢ǰ㣬߼вֹŸԵ˵ȫ·½Լ衣ֻǧʱѹľ˵ΣĪ⣬⡭
ģ˲ðӺݺ˿ڡʦͽᣬһͬǰ񱼶ȥ
ϿģߵĵطխۣΪһ½ʡȴ˺ܶ๤һ·ƵƵ֣ʮദټٵġ롰ǹػضһ鷳ⲻ˵ġ
ֹʱϿȻȻʡʦͽȴȻĹˡ
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̫ɽǰУҵֻɴ˷ɽ֮кʦѸˡ
˲ҵ飬ǰĸɽȥһҿ£ȴҡҡͷ˴ƿִٲµĽûôǧ֮Ѽ˵Ӱ
̧ͷǰĸɽһ΢΢üͷδͣ׷˵
ʱʦͽѵɽ¡ɽƽδ쳣ֱɽ϶ȥвԶͻȻʧȥӰ֮һ𡭡


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ڴʱһӰӺһһ߽ٿȻ·ĶѨвʦͽƮݵκһͣͬһͷȥȴԸ
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ͻ䣬ת˲ûˣԭءʹܳʮɣž겻Ļ
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һ΢죬Ȼʧӡαʮɣ͵ֻͣգۼĹǸݵĶѨʧӰ١
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鼱֮£ӼһѷɽɽϿȥһǹ󣬼Ӳɽʯʡ
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ŰȻΣӵɫԷæңȴ׶ֻó伷Ц˵ǺǣֵԲ뿪˵زźã׷ͷ
治ǸͻȻָƿڴԷһæԵγ裿ԡ
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ݺݵ˵ʦѣһH֮ɶұɱΪᣡ
δʧɫһֶθǿʦʦһؽΪģѣָҺ£Ǩŭҡ漴ȻѰйߣֻɱӵԵʡ
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δԶȥǵ׷֮ȴûӰ
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ǰ׷𣬽Զȥ

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һ룬һֱأǰвֹ˵Ļᡣ̫ɽ֮ǰһ׺թת˾˵֪ͬȥ֮δܾ⡣
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Ҽʦ˵ˣһɱҵŵӣŽ³Թ˾ڴ
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Ǻǣ䣡ԲԵطһ䣬˾۹һƳԵĹԷ˼ס˿̣ʦֵܺϬȴָ԰Ȳѣ
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һǰűһ΢âסխĹȿڡ֮£ͷǰ·һͷײ˽֮ǰǰ㱻赲תۼûӰ
һæͣɢ䱸ȼλԪӤڵĸָǰȥ˾֮ǰͬ
Ԫϵͨ콫λѽȳ
īŵн˽֪ͨмˣ˾췴ڵһ䣬Ӧֽ˵ǰĽֻ赲֮ã˴ȴΧ֮ܣߵĲͬǳ׼һִٶͣزһҵȵǿ֮ʦ֡
顢顢顭һ죬֮ǵâǱʿ
ȥʾ֡
һʱ֮䣬խĹȿû˷ĺС
Ƭ֮󣬽ĹâȻըǰʧȥӰʿͻȻƾյ˫˫ήң겻һ㣬ȴܲסⷬڣȻﲻᡣ
СӲµĽ΢ڼв׼ʱȴûӦ֮˼Ը⣡÷ɽ̽·н裬ƹȥǡ
˼ɽŵǰ̽·һ˼ǰ
Ȼһ֮󣬷ɽ衣ͣ鿴ǰʯͷĵ䣬ԼɼĺۼԵɽʯȮֻԷ۱Խ
ЦʾƶСɣַ׷ʯϣһΪĽý
˭ת˲ֻâűǡ顱һǰԾߵһ˾һͷ£ͨˤ˵ϡ״æֹסΣŷϿԿɹеĵط˽
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ջ˷ɽؿ£ɫʱֺ˼֡
ڴʱһԵԪȵǼ˲ˡ


725 ΢Ӱ
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ڰдһ죬˫صĶ߽֮âӰٿǰȥţ˼˵뿪˵ء

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һյɽһɵĴСΪĵطȥ·ǵסʶ޲ߡΪˣľ⣬ǿ򶨵ǿһʱл
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ŮӾηϣ˳ԵģҵԵŵĶԹʦӽãµ֮ȴͬˮδȥ⻹Ҫķʱ˵أɽһ¿ݣȴһ׮¡
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ĬȻΣҡҡͷ˵࣬Ϊʦ֪ܲաоϣ˵ұڴˣв֪ʱſΪʦ˵һΪŵĵ롭
˵ͬһš
ݵһСţΪԪţеĵӴԸ塣֮гš
һɢޣȴΪ˹ɶӪͬΪŵĵӡʱɲڵģòΪӢ֮ʴӱܿͬĵո¶ͷǡ֮һ𵤺ڵǰΪ״ӣΪʦܡ
ʦ֮ʦʦⲻҪʶһòׯӾΪˣ֮⡣ԷȴʦܳɢޣԲƷвˣ䲻ǡ
òģõģ޸߹ʦ㣬ʦܰĲѣ
ӻϤƲԼԭ֮߳ŭȻȴǳĲġԽһǻľͷ಻
һ꣬ļ˱ʡ֮ǣ䱾Ѷȡôʦʹ˻Ľֺʦ㡣֮󣬱˰㺡
ֻ²ãӱչؽᵤʱʦִøѰ
ԪֻһСŶѣķˣ
һս֮УԪŵĳɱǣڰæ֮Ѱӱչصĵطȴȥա룬λʦܶȥˡ
վüģΣѲ飡λԼĵʦܣǱ֮ˣ
˲簡֮£һϣһ˰ˡ֮ʱΣתŵĸ;ԪŲǿУžЩĵӣչ°á
Ļ֮£ԸδţǷعչؿޡӤ֮ѰƫƧɽɣԼ鶦š
ң֮Ȥɽ֣֮鶦Űȶա˭ٶ֮Ǹԩð˳Ѱš
²ףӲᣡԷȴһűݣȲѡ
ˮ΢ӰοŮأͷıݿˡβסӵľˡȻ䳰ȷãֱӿɣ
ֻ֪֣ĶӣԸʹ˰ݣɽţʾ֮⡣µӽɢޣڹ̣ܽǷ֡


726 
·յĶѨУ񻺻˵šĹһĺεȻԶȥ
ӱܶᵱȥԵɣ乢ڻȴǴӦͬɾ֮С߳࣬īߺڡҽʶֵˣɼԲ֮»пԡ
˴һȻһЦת˵һЩ°ˣ֪ãΪʦԼµӣ
ţʦӲʦͬţôһδ˵ԵȴУꡣ
ȥˣյĶԹԹ壬˵ʱ򣬱㽫һԣιʴ³ʦ㡭
һĬȻȴʦͽĻǣԼ۹̧΢Цȴüͷɫ죬붯ʣһͳ˺Զȴڶߡը졣
佫ʦͽ˾һ̣ʶæ̧ץСʯڵǿөʯ
СɽڣǶʦͽ㷲һϽ«ȴأԭδֻ̧ۿͷʯڣͫһĨâ
ֻɲǣȻӾ磬ϷʯڡһѿɴĻڣԼɼƵ⡣ڵɽȻ֮һĴСһķ϶
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һ˴󾪣ǳû֡ڵ⴦Ѩһ췭ظĻζ᧿Σֻе飬˫Ҫѡ
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䶴ѨˣǲִӦ䣬ȴ翹пʦͽһʱһ͡
ҫ۵ĽâĽһ
顱һ£˻飬ûһ͸Ŀڣʱһغ
һβֱͣȥȵ

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һĵ꣬ӺĹ಻ŲŲ鳤һԲ
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ʮλգȥµЩ⣡
Ԫ룬Ź˵һȥĪͬ˽١·ֵˣǱˣǰãҵȲת
˾ʦֹ˼۹ӹɽ£ЦЦ˵ԣԼãҵΪ裬;㵢ʱ֮ǰһûӰ˵
ŷŵΣԪҡͷ˵˴շǳǰС
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ʦֵܵһһ֮£ʰ飬·
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һɽʯ£һɲǣʦͽѰ·ǰѱķ϶ٿţһߴ㽫ٴαһ˫ͫȴоֱȥԶ
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һµĺӹȣʮɣǰȴѼͷʯϣ̲ϣΪǵĹâĿĹˣ˴ٲҹ֣Զľɼ⣬Ũ
һɫ΢㵣·ޡ
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ǰ˼ȥ̶ϲ˴鲼ʯ
ţкĽʯ۹˵ڴˣȴⴳ뱦صڣʵ˾ϲƽתһ޳˵ֵѡ
һԶջ۹⣬ͷ첻ѡ
±ϣӹȴȻΨӴɺԣ٣ֻŵʯʯڳԡ
˾ʵ˶ģ
һһЦ˵ٺԱǡ
Īǣʯ϶ͻ׷һ䡣
һЦ˭ʯгأȡԻ£
һͬˣ񵱹СҪȡʯȴһ֮ųʾǫ֮⡣ȴ֪Էⲻʯͼ
ʦͽæʯõĽʯչСһЩﲻˣһɴСĺ̲ʯ
ʦʯ̲ʯһΪӲ˺һδܾһʯľϲת˲ȥŮӽסԹ
һǹٻ˷ɽȫʩΪ֮£ֻǳǳһۣǰ¶ʯȴȻ
顪һ΢ı촫̧ͷȥ򲻿̲ʯǽһúõʯ˷顣
ǰɼɼȴɵãŪڴˣֻ֪θ룡ֻҪܻˡ˼Īɫж˼ֲײġ漴ҡҡͷ˵벻ȡ̡룬ͽκΣ
ʦˣֻɽȻ˵ֵߣŶԱصıδȴΪΡתʦһȥ
һǰǿɫĺ̲ʯɴСȴԲԼɼӵĺۼ͸ŻɣΧ֮Ȧ˺󼸲վŲǱû˶
ǹ֮Уʮ֮ӰĿһϮɫȹȣˣһԵµӺݡŮΪʦͽȴǴݸ¡һ޶ģĿĺ档
ֵѣǴʯ֮пΡһ䣬ǰסһҡͷʾԷֹͻȻſ³һڹǡɷ֡
״ʦͽ㵡


727 ؽ
ǿ̲ʯһɿ⣬һְ֣ƳӦǿеļƣ
ֵѣ˴ʯԾȡǡʦͽסŲʵǴʯͷΪŨţ涨ʯ١ԲӲĪҪǿ֮ӷ׾ѣοţ
Ǻǣ룬ҵȡ
һЦӱڷɷ͵̲ʯϡ
ϡ
Ľ֮Уһ𳹺ӹȣ֮ƶȻըʮʦͽ΢䡣һ˺һɣ˫ŻأȴǰĿ
ӳ֮µġɷǧƴһ֮󣬺̲ʯȴǰȻֻǶ΢ɲϸС϶
һֿУüһɷڹζһչֵĻԲ޵
ʯƣɵ󣡺ߡ
һٴԾһӰһɲ޿ƥеȻ͵ɷȵ
顪
ϽĺУ̲ʯķѡ
ʯмգδһƮȻ£ȡһͷƴСһ龧ʯ͸覣̺ŰԪ֮
ԶԶ̲ʯԪ棬йȻɾ
ʿ޳Ԫ֮ɵֻ֮ãΪҪԪ֮Ǿɾд֮˵
꣬ŵӵõһɾɴ˿ɼ˻ʿɻȱ֮
ʱΪӣδʹ˶룬ԪӤĺڣܲɾ⣡
ʦʯƷءϲĻ
һϵɾ´һתǶʦͽʯ飬ǷɳƷ಻ʯʰһ飬Ϊϲ
Σֵ֮ᶯ˵Żؿһ˫֣һ֮⣬ʲôûˣ⣬˷ȡ
ʦѵ֮ɫ΢Щ޴롣
һǶʦͽҡҡͷЦǺǣƷʯˣһƲۣȡǡšɷתȥ䲻αЩ⣬۹һЦˣʦͽڵѵüЩˡ
һһ٣תһֱʾˣʱ䵭޵УȴڴʱһĨЦݡ
ƣһˣһţӿǳĺռˣµλ಻ضáȥ֮ŮӵǸ¹ϡԹ֮ˡ
˷ⲻΥʯɡɫطԸһ䣬ӭǰȥʾֵѣʮ⻹һ̲ʯһԵɫһæɢļʯһһʰ
һÿɷغǺһЦתĿ
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ӹȵĵ룬ԿһԷƮٿȻһѴʯͷ
һƹҡ죬޴ĺ̲ʯΪ顣һԸԳǶʦͽûʮƷʯ
һʱ֮Ѱٵһ˻ص˺ӹȵĵ룬һʱûȥ
ֵѲЪϢƬ̣ҺýʯͷЦⲻϷʵĻдż׽֮⡣һԵݸ档
֮ദ̸ֹ֮ࡣһĲм棬죬ηֱµЦ٩⿴Ƽ򵥣ȴǼѺľת䣬Ϊף
ǺǣµЩʯͷֳͣһ˵Цһ䣬ѭŸɺԵĺӴǰ
Ǳĳ˴˼̾Ц˵ҵȵ˴׷ɱд˷ջ񣬿νø
ʦĪǵʦֵİΣʵ
ҡͷ˵ˣ˼黫֮ı£ҲŲءƳһ۵ӵɫֵʦֵΪһ֮ѣȴ˷ֵųȴʧǣް
΢㵣˵ʦΪϲʦֺ֣γԣ
ΪʦͽԵڡͬ㣬£޲ˣ֮ϧ֮˵һתֵʦ۹ǲˣ
ʦĻָæͷȥ۹ȴƳһǰȻӰ
ΪʦǡѰңֻҪѰƣԴǨŭΡ˵˶Թ˵ؽϡһӹȵԶ˵ֵѣҸδȥ

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ӻͷ£ֹĴɽ̫ɽںδͷһ˫ȣ£ȴЦĪ߶ء
Σ;λ¶֮һʯͷϣǱΡʹ˼ڴأԾδģ
һյĿ񱼣ò׹ɱķĸɽʵƣǰϿΣĪ⣬겻ɢ˰尾νֺ꣬ʱǸͷأֻմɽ֮أԸʦʦðȻ
ʦϣЪϢһ̣ʱˣһ׷һ·׷δƣ̬Ǿͷʮ㡣أóȻǰУֻǻƽſ˫֣׹
״λλ֣˵մﻹ𣿺οء
ߣҪӻŰӣ˫Դ׹⣬ǰŵ뵱ӱɱ֮Ѱ˭ܲˣһСΧӡ
ҡǻڲΣͷʵȲѡδæˣȴ硣
أ׺ݺݵ˵һŭ֮±ɱˣȴ񡭡˴ŭ˫֡
Թͷϡμ䰤ʦһٴȴԸ˲֪
һ죬ŭ֪ƨ˫ף׹⼲Ϯȥ
ס֡Ĳæһֻ鶦Ťͷܡ䡢䡪׹Ѹ͵ҵһɫұ䣬ȴֻ񣬼ǰӣȴл˵ס֡
ӵμӿ죬ŭǳԲǴĶƽƣߡ׷ָ֮ݡ
ۡۡ
ڶը죬ļƽͷͣĴһҡΡҵŵǰܣȴ׷ᡣ
򲻹ְѲˣ
˫֣ƣӦθеǰǰǰ˼ס֡
ĵߣӵʮ˵׵ļӱС
ξļļҳܡ
һҵģӶһ޶ļҲܱǴ治׷̣֮ӻδ䣬׹׷˹ȥ


728 ب
ҹ֮Уѭŵºӹǰһ·ͣͣ
;Уһҿ̲ʯǶʦͽɫá
һַ죬ʦͽײ֮ʱȡɾԷ֪֮Ƿȴ׷Ϊ߹֪㣬ֻΪܼ񵽸ʯϲѡ
գƽĺӹȥƽͣͣΧŰڵµһ߹Ǻפ
ҹɫУӨ׵ĹǺĿ䳤ɣͷ­޴ɭȻޣȴֱǣģŹ֡Ϊһźȴ͸ƣǰǿ
ʦϵޣʵ
˼Ƭ̣ҡͷ˵Զ¼ƣߣɽҲ˶Ϊţ޴֪
ޣˡʡΪȻش٣һͷ޺ֳźǶһתЦֵﺱȡЩãֵѡ
һ۹Զӹ֮˸䣬һɽľͷһƬǽ塣ʻɷ֮ӲĺǣЦʾȻ˴뼱һʱ
ԣʦͽֻɽ޵ĹǺһǰȥ˽
Ƭ֮˵ɽ֮ϡǺĺۼҵĴС̲ʯ֮䣬ϡɼʣ޼¥̨档֮⣬ֻһߵʯͤû谭ӹȾͷξ۵סǰĺӹ˶ϾİľͷȴΪһѺ£Ө׵һƬ˴Ŀġ
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һȻʦͽ˹ȥδǰŨ̾ʯͤĪΪʯͣ
һأǿң˵ˣ
ͤȴˣ޴Ʒʯƶɡ߿Ҷǰ覣滹ԿĸɣӵĴ֡
بɣ
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һתĹˣ˼
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һʱ֮䣬һס£ɫȻڹĶһ·׷ȥĪ˷³оֹǶڴ
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һ£į۹еȥתʯͤüһЦֻҪĸּɣ԰գκץסǷҡ˫һ㽫֮
ת˲£һ˺ҡ
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ͻһЦԼǬʯӣһˣҾģĪΪиʦܳ޷졭
һҡҡͷɽȥʦͽأ׷˵Ϊ۳ףֺηдһأֵΣ
ŻΣһȻסɫ׽һԵɫ糺죬ȻǶʦٻ죡
һͷ˵Ҵƺĳ̣á
ǺǣֵˣóԸЦʾ£ɷЦҼֵܣûѣְռұˡ
һǺǿЦ£̧ʾתֱӹȵľͷ
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ӹ˶Ͼʮ߲ȱȫ޹ǰڵʯ֮С֪Ǻ£Եɶ·һȺԶڴˡ
ӨĺǣΪɽûѶٹʦͽ˼ǣ֮áһӹȾͷʯڣ
һͷ޵ĹǺֻʯ֮İӡֻ׳ĺצһʮɵĳβڹȵ֮У̴档
״һ΢΢ݡ֮УǲҵһзĿױŰ쫷ŭֶһȺ˴ͻȻظ췭ض˺·
ⲻɽޡʯǰ˵
һһعͷ˵ӦΪԶ״βɽˮ֮䣬ԶսĹзĵ伮Զ޲һ֪԰գͫ˸޵ĺצɶߣΧϸʯڡ񲻽⣬˵ֵܣȥ·ѾҲת
֮ʦͽ°Ȼ˻ͽѰһڴá
·ͨ٣ݷ˵һֳ˻Хɷһȥ
˴г·ɣʦͽ룬æһ
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һ󣬹мɽ޺צڵʯ϶һѨһ˴ϸڶǳһɣӺɶһӱ˽ȥǶʦͽԭ
꣬дһĻ


ǰϿĿζԴ˻Ȼ;ĩ·ľȣյĿ񱼣ǾƣߣȴֲòӴܣ˭úͷ˽׷أ
Сվסʮ˵㣬ұ㷨⿪ӵĽٴ
ι˲ģæӿΡͷȴεؿ̾һԹʦıӻֻһʱһ׼ƣ̳̣ܳܣΪҲȻ֮޹ʼ֮ŭΪҲұ˫ȫ֮ҷأ֪ˣұ㻽һǰǡɶˣ಻ܶ
ֻܰȴһ֣ΪԪӤʿߣսϼغϡ
ͷҲأֻǰܣȴԸ̲ѡߣǴù㣬ҲŲأʱӣΪ
ɱٽΰãæĴ󶦼űǡ۵һ׷Ѹͣס£ȴֻҧؿ֧šɶ֮ǰʱһкȴ͵Ϯ޳֮ȣԼһֱҴ⣬Ȼ
æ֮УɫһƤһ鴤
ӵף˶ͽ֮ӿЦ־Сӡ
ǰԶȻתϿȵһࡣв׹һ۵ɽʧȥӰ


729 ɽ
һΪԵɽֱ͸񷡣Ŵ˴һƬݵɽȣԼĪǧķԲ˼ʯᾣݲԻܵĸɽب֣࣬ػŵء
һڣɽлȻܳӰ
һŮλԪӤڵʿмֻ̡˴ܳɽаԶƣͣ½ŲδãȻĹˡ
λߣһɫƶ룬һƣ̬ϡŮһ긾ˣ£̬ò죬ȴͬΪδģ
ǰɽȲ״˷Ѱ˿ʯͷ
Ƭ֮Իع񡣱˴סһ̾
ڲ֮׹˵أȴҽʶλѵԽͬУȴ롭Ƶ߻δ˵꣬һ̬̾
ܾ֮أ鴫ʯӵֺΪ˻أ˵λߡǰŮ̧ۿλͬ飬˵ԪѵĻ޵һʮλͬˣǡ
ʯӵַ룬ĬȻͷ˵Ҳ޴󰭣лԪѣҶԣɵⶣ޳罧תһ֮䡭תʱɽͶһƳ΢΢һ̾ת˫ۡˣԽǾĶǵһԶԶȥµ俴ȥ
һ·ˣǾ뷦ˣ˵˼仰˴˿οһô˵в侲ɵϢȴֲԼͬתȥռŵɽ֮УһŮԶ
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֮˽ˡΪλòѰӣ˫֣ǲƬ߼УɵķϺһӨ׵ĺڷһɫۿƲȴѱߣΪ۵仹һɵľƺ«
˵üĿ񣬵Ȼɫдżֲ⡣һˣ겻٣ȴԪӤڵΪλŮӣһźɫȹԪӤڵΪһΪŮӣ̬ӺݶϲλԪӤڴɵĸ֡
ԶԶפˣδΣ֮󣬱ֱɽȥʯӿһͬ飬ŶԷ˵λֹ
ηŻɫȻ
ͬΪİ·ˣһӦ֮壡ʯ̾һ˵˻罧Ī֮أλִǰΪ֮ԷɣεҡҡͷĲŰ
ԪҶǲԸ£һĬһżˣת۱˭ֹܵ˭أ
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Ϊ׵ԶԶ㹰˫֣Ц˵лλѵһ⣡λһˣŮ񣬲Աţʾ⡣
ʯͷһǰ˼λͬͷʾ£Թ˵
īʯӣֵѡ
ҶλѼ񣡡
ǺǣԪֵѣһᣡλѾ˲ò˫ȫĵӡ

Բͬطˣʶˣ˴˲ֺ˼䡣е˽ΪϵʱӶԷĿлϤ罧еĴΡ
ɾ֮гʼʯ뼸λͬѣֱ׹ɽ֮ص̫ɽҶԪˣ˴˽С
Խɾġš֮أٲˡɽһء뷭Խ̫ɽ罧Ϊؾ֮ءݴ˴Ī֮أѴСһΪ˶ڣ޷˵̤֮·
ٵʱٶð
˵ŻһЦĬĬܣ˼
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֮ǰһҡڻͫоӹȾͷʯڱ㶯޹ǣѰһ϶֮һ˴Уֽշתգֱסȥ·
ɾ֮Уʶûôͫȴܽޣ׿͸ɺʯڡҪͷһѰɽʯıһҿȥ·ʦͽŷһİɽ֮С
ʯˣһΪ⡣ԷһֻǼ;˴ʿʦͽʱʦͽ˼겻ѣʯ֣Ҹ桪
罧УȲʹȥ
лȴΪѵ˵֪ǰ;գȴ޴Ӿ񰡣Ѳѵ齲ҵþʹһΡԷֻἰͬеʮòҼصȵȣȴĽɲꡣ
⡭֮Ī桭ʯӵĻ
ʵɷϸ۹ӹˣתһԵһ
ʯɫ˼ɶһʱ
˽Ѱ˿ʯͷ˵ΨһһԳ˫վšʯӻĪģҶԪԶʵܶʵλѣĪ֮
Ҷɫ£˵ˡһ룬Ů̾ҡͷ˵ֻ˵塢׶ѡ
ʯΪȻصͷɫ
ǸŵԪɣһЦǺǣֺαؿ׷أִǰУұһ仰
뽲һüתԶ
ʯҶȻ˫˫Ԫϡĺ룬һЦҪ˵ԶͻȻ顢顱ʱ͡
ڳ˽Զɫ졣
յĹ׷ӰԶ
ǰͷһмǱȴϲ״ߺ
ʦҪɱңʦ
󷽽׷ȴǽ˽ŲͬǾϲĪЦұ֪˰ȻΣʦܣѾͷ
Ҫɱ˵ˣϲԽȴŭˣ
вǰ׷ǰüһ˹ȥŭ߳ӣɱҵӣִ򣡡ɷ˵˷ɽԽֱȡˡ
ѽѽѽҺʱҪɱ֡һ͵ֹסΣķɽȴڵ˸ǰҵֵӣܻغСʦʵ˴治̷
ת˲֮䣬׷Զȥ
ΣһģһͷԵվˣʹ˼ڴֻػͷȥ
ʦ֣񣿡ǣңæǰʺ
ͷҲصذڰ֣˵޷ҿεù
Ȼôһ⣬ʯ˲ֻһ֡ѾãҽǳȴҪɱĵӣҪɱʵ˺Ϳ
Զһԩһδ۹бߵΣ
һ߳ףǵεĳˣŵͷһ£漴Ȼɫ䡭


730 ҹ
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ѲС˵˼Ʒбӣ
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һŭĳɫ䡣ѩˮͷ£ǲļֽϲʱûӰֻú壬ס˸¡
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㷲֮Уεתǿ򶨣Цʯʾ⣬ſһС˵֪֪кηԸ
һǹһĨЦ٩˵ɱ㣬ʦȣҪɱ㣬˭ȡ
νһŵòڵϡɱģĪ˵ʦãԼӶӲ֮£˼״ε˵ɱϢŭײ֮ҡ¡۹ƳʦǼˣһҧֵǣ
ΣԹ۵ʯӵ䲻ԣȴ̲סҡͷκôǸԪӤʿųģǺڣ
ΪʦֵİȻοԷ䵭һδŮӸекβףֻͷǳǳʧ֪ˣ
һͻȻ߳һλֵĪҪɱ˲ɣ
룬æǰ˵ĵ䣬ֵѣʦԷΪɫһ죬æ׵ʹ˵֡ǰҪʦһʶ
ʦԱݣҪǣңԻ̼һĵ˵Ի٣꣬ܣԹˣ֪Ծߣ
Ǿ仰ᣬȴһݺŨҵɱ֮˵սľε۽Ǽ鴤£͵㼱ܶȥԶʦŹǰ
Ȼȥʦ־ǴСԶˡȻתһʯˣ΢΢ǻһĨζЦ⡣Ůһʱ޴룬ɫ
ǺǣԪѣҿɵĽءһ΢ЦɻᡣеԪЩؿһۣεҡҡͷ˵ٺаˡ
ţǾĹɣһԪһ˵Ѳߴͽ̣
Ԫͬ黻ֳ£˵԰գֳڴĵһʼͷ˼ԼĻûˡ
ֻһ仰һ΢㵣׷ʼ䣬ȴüͷתԶͬʱڳɽе
׷ӣһ۷ء
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һͷƳһۣ˵λʹ˱Ӧת뿪ת˲˻һδͣ˾ֱɽȥգ֮ʧȥӰ
Թ˻عȴԶǻʿΪ⡣ʯĬ˳ȥһâǧܣһɭϵ󷨻Ȼɡ
ī󷨣Ȼͬ죡Ҷһ䡣Ԫ͵д󷨣ҵȱɰȻ⣡
ʯӿ̾˵󷨿ɱ˻ȴ㲻ְλͬΪȻʵѣĪʶǸһ
ԪǺЦ麣óȻײǰģһ𣡵ʱĿãһΪ䵨۷λϳ˴˰ɣ
Ҳδ⣬ǵáҶҡҡͷʯǸп˵ϲϵкη;żԾ·֮ˣǻѸ˹ֵһΣӡ

һƿգƶҫĿ
Ũɢȥɽɽˣǰһ޾ͷɽӰǰҼ֮⣬׵֡
һʱ֮ɣͺͺɽţ֪ա
ʦܣǷ׷ʵһ˲У
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ʮˣǧ֮⣡һ
һڣէһ˴ɽðʵһǼչȥһ·Ѱأ
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νһͺɣæƳһĳ˵ıӰЦֻһ˵⡣ѡǰؽ⣡
ӣݵ÷ŭ߳һԷڨڨһЦأԲϷŹ׷쳹ѭΪ棡ӣٸ۸ΣƲ
ӲΪذڰ֣Ц붯ŭҲܽһµӡ
ʹݣؾһ䡣
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ߣҼֵܶδ˵ģֺʱֵ鶦ŵļ£񷴴༥
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ԣգ۾ЦգϲԽƣǳʵ˵⣿
ٺ٣ͬһֵܰ˴˿ɲһͷϲȴп𣬷٣ɽ֮ԸҲ
˻ν⣿ζ֮ʣֳ˴˵ѾͷСʦĻμסˣʦܽΪҳмӶȻǿȺ˵ʦ巭ˣ
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ʦĬ֮⣬ΰԸֹ̲ȴΪʶȤ˵
һߵʦ֣Ĵ˱Ӱûɵһ̾˵ǡ
ǿнӵȴǲһ·˵Цͣʦܵ׳飬¾ȥá
ǰʱ⾹תڲ֪֮䣬Ũصҹɫ٣ػ谵塣
ѽˣɾɲҹףӵľУһͣǷٶ޷С˴㵣ҹɫʱʶԼԶΨƾĿܿΡ
ҹɾͻȻһƬڰ֮СĪҹɫĽ٣ؽ˱仯
һ˫أͫĳâһԭ壬ѵв֪˵ΣҵȻǰ


731 
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һ̣ڵ߷е˲ظض˲С
Ƿȥ˫Ÿ·ʦͽԴæһǳ˫ǰͷȽɣֻ˫üǳɫȻ
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ڴظ֮£һΪްȴԸоȡתɬʶ಻ʮʱʿû˵Ҫ࣬епɴݸ·ǽ۵
һȻǽɣûͣЪϢͷʱѼ˵Ӱ˵ǻ׷ʹ˵飬ֻҹζࡣ
һʱ֮ǰһͰɽڡһȥȴֲòͣ
˰ٶԶƣ
ĩβ׺еβǣĿࡣ˱׷ɱգѲ֧δ̤ϵ֮·֮£˷ضУΪ
ȹǰУȴʦ֣ס׹ʵʦ֣񣿡βͷذڰ֣Գûͣվˣݺݴ˼ڴŮӻ˵Ц𡪡
ʦܣз֣
תֻһɽ֮ϣʦǰҪкʦ֣ԷŲŲ߲䰵ҧ촽æ˹ȥ
һδӦǾԶɽ֮󣬶סˡ
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ĬֻĿȻɾأ˼أһƻȴض죬ԶԶҹɫֱ͸ĵף𣬴
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Ƭ֮󣬻عͬеĻһλæתȥþͻȻʧ˰
һĬȻ˼
罧֮ǰŵԪһĪĻΨڻŻ᷽ҶΪˣһ²˼лþĴڣ;а⡣
ʶɽϳǹ龰֮ʱһ㿴Ρѡ֮ͫܣӲηκεĻȴ뻹ǲ˿
֮Զһƻ𣬾д˰ʵ⣡ǰУɽ˱ؾ֮أݻرܡ
˿Լһ룬˵ʯݵڣлþɣҵȽѣ֪λкθ߼
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˵졭
βſڣ㰤һͨѵ⡣ԼѱΪֻôŲ޶һԲٳ
ӳЦת˵ֻһ䣬ǲʦܰжֽţ֮⣬ǲһƳþֶΡ
һ£ĬϡԷһӣȻ״˵˱ã
ŷ͵ȥֵܲǣ
ǽһаΣУԼı£һԶɽͶһƳ˵졭

ˮİߣվһһŮλʿ
ģ縶룬ϸüϸĿЦݡŮһ£òޢˡ߽ԪӤڵΪ˴˼ദ
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㷢һ˦ƫԴһЦӯʵҪ߾·
ʲô·½һԷСһƲתǰȴ°Ϯˡ˼£綹һæ˹ȥ
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ǰ˲Զտˡط½˼ãձˣʹЪϢһΣ
ӱͣЩشǰ֮ˡһԾ֮һ·׷ᣬԼļַ緶ҿɲǸСӣ
½Цʣ˵ͷһв֮ÿ£֣µصͷʾԲ顣
ӺһתĹˣͻȻЦ
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Цأͣ棬֦Ҳֻһ˫תԽ˰̬
״½Цóһö˳ȥӶٶδȴǽ˫С
½ȴ˵ÿһҶͬţԷݣ˵֮ʣֶһС
ʱǺЦĿ½żֲɫ˵вϵĿɲ𡭡
Ǻǣõмҿ󷨵Ρ½Цת䣬͵ػּףٿȻȥ
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732 ʹӺ
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еýˣĺڳǵƻȴ
мɵʦͽԵͷŽż·ˣǹâ޴ӶǰĽŲ£ÿ˵ͷһƻԾšĻ޴ڣһֱݷͷδϨ𡭡
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һδͷرܣȴǽ۹ͶڰԶ˫ĬĬڼ˵ǰͷڲֹ֪ס˽ŲԳɣ仺ת׿ȥɫ㵡
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ǸصصũҸˣƿԡĿ֮£еһнڣ̹ͬ¶Ρ˵һ̵һԼǸޣ޸֮ǴԱԷ˸ͨ͸֮У˽ԭûӰ
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ҳţһӵһԾغšþǼ٣ֻ밲Σݣôϼյ޷һߵߣⱾǵ֮ڣ
֪˶ãͻȻ顪һ촫
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˲Ҫ˴ȴ˺Ц۹Ųֺھ֮УһԷ˵пԶԵһ
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ԶԶǻһʵʵţһɫڽЩһ˴Ӧ֮ǰԼ޶¡˵ҲҿֽǷΡ
ڰ˼֮ʣһ͵ת׿ȥһƻɳʯݣٿȻ֮С


733 ˻ν
ɽϣʯǰ˷Ⱥûгɱ׷ֻĪľãȻÿ˵ͷַ;Ͷ٣ҹɫǵҪЪϢʱ
ΧһɴСȦѰҪ׷ɱСӽߣȴϲֻǽλͯյϸˣ𺧲ѡ
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顪
Ʒէйһϸ΢촫һҫĿĵƻ֮ըٿǧâշ衣ͻȻ֮䣬׹꣬âƣɽʱһƬ߲֮С
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â֮Уɽϵ˽֢
˫Ŀʧ񣬻񡪡
ģСʱ۸ԺɲٳԿˣ˰ĸȡʹ졭ꡭұ׷ɱֻͷ֪ɽδʧ֪壬ȴα⡭й㲻ɴұǡ񰡣֮ԸԿ
ʱȴǽ˫ۣɫˣҭ
ѱ٣ŮΪŵȴΪ̬ͽκΡ˲󼺣Ůɣۡ
ɫգߺЦૡ
ɽɽ֦ɽӣҺ죬ɽֻν棬㣬һգ۳ɡͯҥŮɫ㯣̾ʦ֣֪˼⣿ʦЦʶ˲ҲϲһԸǸˣȴʦֵ֪֪ס
಻Զþ֮԰Σʧضŵκ˴֮以ţһлȻ
ΣһǾ
Ǿ˹ȴһʧ̬û˼֮ʣΨһ˶ѣ
һȥѰλĪˣȴֶεľֹ
֮⣬ֱͦ˶ţ̬ѲַףɷӢϴº͵ЦݣǰһƬޡ꣬ſ˫֣ɫ죬˫գ˵ݺʦãʦ۰һӤڼǺǣ޷˫֮ݺҪܣԴԺʦɵ˫˫ɡĪҪߣ
˫ץɫаһŤ̬¶֮ǰˡ꣬ͣһ㣬ĬĬδ⣬˵˵ݺӤδɶɵʵʦ۰֪ˣұԪ֮
ſźͿʱȴ˹һûɵɫһǶŮ֪٣ȴǿΡ
ڴΣأλйǲ֪ǿʦֵĴ˷ֻ֪θ롣ʵһУԶΪŮ֪俴ŰĽ֮һԸӣ
ǡڴʱԶ˸ӽ
ϡʦ֣ΪγҶ֡
ٺ٣֮ҵķ
޳Сˣȥ塢꣬㻹
ߣг𲻱Ǿӣ

ʦߣ
ҵҩɱ㡭

ʮ֮⣬һ˺ִ׷׶֡˴˽ȴֻ֮ɱǺ㿳һҸ㱳һ£ʮ˶ʱһš
״һֻæԡʦͽʧѣδ쳣˿ɱǲĪЦ
ңһâʱ㽫ͬʱ˵һӤ˫ͫ֡
âʦͽѣȴȻһʱ֪롣
һȴͷһתȥ
ʯǰһͷҹɫзҫۡչޣɱеһӶȴһת˵ô˵˻ұŹ⼸ޣǿѾͷ֪ʱܹ
δ˵꣬˾ʯݣת֮һСһأԻζŶԷ˵ÿһ仰
ڴʱ𣬺Хķ쳹ءɽâ֮һ裬ǽȥ
һӵ˲ֻǵɴ۾ͻһСǻ໥ɱʿž˹ȴ˱Ѫܵʬ

һ˺ѵմҹɫƬƬѣлƵ߲֡ǿĿ˺ȥҹĻּתʱ㽫ʯ
ԶȥʯݽСǳȥ漴ҷһ߲⣬ٿšͬʱ˵Ļȴؼ仺𡪡
ɽȪˮ壬ǧԶİ·УһɻǧΪѷꡭʱĪǿʱչޡ
գ֮䣬ҹʾɽֻʮʧ
˻ν⣿еһȻʧ
ãȻ˭˵
ߡһüбͻȻ
Ӳ࣬漴һԾ𣬼æһӱкʦͽҾƤӵ£ʱ߸ʱ
ʯݷˣŮӲˣҲˣһȴЩǿߵ߾ʬһĪ
˲ԶĶ˾æһԵʦʾ¡Ƥ˻þ֮򣬷֮ĪҪ˳ҡ
µʮ˻˿ͬе¶ҪǴ˳ȥֻ²ΪͬݡмλԪӤڸֵ֤̣û˺֮ǡ
˶ڼͻȻһضɽҡ


734 
ҹʧʯݲˣɽϵ˽Դӻþ˹˭̲ȥ
һʦͽֻǰԶ˼ʱ׷ϡڴʱ͵ػζ£̶죬ʱʯգɽͻȻķѡ
⧲֮£һֻһһͷ׹ѿĻڡȻȴΣ䣬ּ̧ܡסңƾֱֱ¡ʦͽδ⣬һԨ
˲伱׹ʮɣ˵ѷľͷأһ̧ǰһռСļλѧѭխķ϶ȥڶɽʯɣ췭ظ
ڴɽ֮УӰǣһͻ̼ܳȥĺԶһͷɽӭһ²ͣӼ˼ȥ
ӹһ٣еȴͷӶã仰˭֪µͷʱδˮ󼺡
һҪӣԸһȥ׷˾졢ԪȼλԪӤڵĸӦ伫죬Ǽʧɱͬŵʿ񲻶һԵĳɣʮ˱¡
ͻ䣬ٹ˲׷ɱһ˶ܡ֮䣬ʮֲλ󼱣Ҫɢ뼸λԪӤڵĸֳͷǰ·ȴ𶯣һžƵĺӰȻϮ
ͷɽʯ̮£ͻͣ˲ʧɫ˭ǵӰٿת˲ʧڵ²˶
ݶ룬˾æ·ȥڵһĿ˰ʱһžδͣɽǱһʯڴһһС·ڡ
ͷ󣬹ɫڳ˹סʱǺƺƵĶʮλ֣ԼֻʮˡδСӵһëȥô֣⡭
λԪӤڵĸȴֺδټλԪӤڵԸСӦ£
֮̾ʣ˵ɫ಻ÿ䣬Īıʧȥôͬ飬֮ͬ£˲ʤꡣ
ǵ²֪ǺޣˡϧǼʦܰԪɫȴͽк޴йֻ̾Ϣ
˵ڣԲ񰡡
˾챳˫ţ۹ź⣬˵ûĻֻ޵һ֡便ΪΣȴ޴ӵ֪
խɽɿͱȴֱ߲һ߻Ƶ֮£ɽ֮ʯ鲼ЪϢĵطûУֻöڴ˴վŽɴǰȥʮԶһһҡһһСڣ֪ա
˾Ļ˵꣬һʱӦȴһĿĺȻһֱ˲ȥ˵˿Խ𣡶֮ǰɽǹĪ⣬ȴδ̮٣ĪŮӵԵʣǻ꣬ʯݷ죬һзλá
ҵأһӴ˾̣뽫ɱſΪɵĵָ˵
ⷬ˿ʾ£תǰ˼ǰ·ڣֵһС£һԵ˾죺ʦܣһѡ񣿡
˾Ĩϡĺ룬ǰһۣ˼˵ˣѭȥ
üͷ˵֪ҵȱػ˳Ŵ׷ȥβѰͼѡ
׷ɱ֮Ǻǣ˾ƤЦⲻЦ˵ʦеһ֮룬ĶӣʦԼˡ
ֱӣ˵ɵ飬ٴҲС׷ȥ

ɽһֱɽϲ·֮ʱδ룬ԴߵĽǰС
һ֮խɽµ·ࡣһں棬æŲ˼׷
ͣЪôãδ٣ʦͽһǰͱڵһʯͷƽ̹˸ǰЪϢȴһĵ
ɫĴʯͷɶ೤ȴɸߡ밤ɽͱϣµһС߶ߣÿ԰
·æ˽δԴʯͷ⡣һƨȥ˫ȣпͣ
տհҿʦܼÿ졭
ôƽţβҽǰλ߳ƿһͱڱվЪţԳĬ
ԶԼɼһӰתף˵˷գȫֵ֮ӵһԣŴʯͷֵʯݷɿգֱƿɾȥҵλԭˡ
ʳڣƽɽ֮ϵǰ˾ΣȴΪ֮ѡ̾һһĴͨǡ
δΪȻȴںֿЦЦ⣬Ů˼ұˣһһէġһӣ˵ʦȣǲǻþѡ
Ŵʯͷ˵ͨĪʵѱԻþһ֮ӷֱ棬Ƴһۣʵȥ֮ʣֵһ䡮˻ν⡯Ҳδ˵ʲô
˿ҼʦܣŰд֪գƤԷһ漴һȥ˵ſڿӣ
ӹЦǸʲôùһ˫أʦܶδӻþǰ߽
ֳһĨǳǳЦݣ˼ĬȻƬ̣ʵڻþ֮Уʲô
ǶׯıӰ۹ºһѺ룬׷֮УҡͷԵ˵ǻþʱǹŹ֣˲֪صСʱ򡭡ҹƨܣһСѾͷȴںͷ׷ѽ׷Ҵ򲻹ļѾͷô۸ء
˭Ѿͷͷɣǽסʵ
ԵһЦ˵ҲʶҾˣ˭ΪҪ۸һƨСأ˵ˣⱲעҪҵ۸ɣǺˣҵֱǡ˴˹ӡ
أԱӣЦ
һһ֣˵ԻȤɹ˻Ӧֻ˵СѾͷ˵ˣҵֱǡδ˵꣬ɫһ䣬漸˫˫ɴ۾
ڴʱĴʯζ¡죬Ϊ˹ֳĶɼλӵģͷһвͻ
ӹ˲ÿΣǾü𣬴󺰣񡭡
ڴʱ䡪һ죬ǿʯͷȻը顣ͱͻȻѿһڣ͵شܳһӰȻϮ⧲ļˡ
ӵĺųڣ㱻Ѹ͵Ʒ˳ȥ˲þڰæ֮лסڴɲǣѱǵӰض
Ŀѣŭ˻𣺡񡭡
˺ѷεĺδֹ顱һ£Ӻݺײͱϣˤƺڡһ˫Ŀɺ죬ȴԭء
ֱͱڣڴʱѿһɸߵĻڡǵӰԲˣֻڵĶѨź˵ƣľսԭأǸûüôʦѡ
һȻϮȴ޶ԡɫһԶת˲㵽Ƕǰһ٣ǽ֣ͺȵ˺£
ɫ԰ףȴ˵
Ӳһֻǻָ̧򶴿ڣ߶µſ˵񡭡˵֣һѪ˳ȥ


735 Ե԰
һԶæţû뵽ЪϢʱ򻹻ʱѲӰֻµϵһ̲ѪηĶڡ
Ծ²˵ǺӰʯ°ʦֻһգ۵Ĺ⧲֮ɢǿƣ޴ӵֿ
ӱˤ£޴󰭣ȴǼģδڱһѪɺӣָĪĶڣҧгݵ˵°񡭡ҡҪ
һ˺һ˫üбͱͻȻֵڡԼĪɸɿĶѨβеѪȴпޡ֮⣬ǿݿܵڱ˾Ρ
Ծ£һֻͷƤǻǰû㺧˵ƣ⾿Ǻεޣ
ֳ
̧űҪɽһæֹ˭϶ԷһٴһӣתŭĿ򣬺ȵҪ񡭡ɺ˫оɱ̬תֳŭ𣺡ʦӣ
һ£ǰһӵǰ򶴿ڳ˵ȥڴ˵Ⱥ򡭡
񲻹ˣ裬ұûʦܡ
ΣѪɫҧ촽һԣ˵ʦѣӵǰ
μʦƲ֪ãɵðпࡣȴҪȥ˶Ŀް̨ν֮壬Ե԰ԷΪ˵أ
̧ͷײһ˫Ҫ˵۹⡣ŵһ£æֱͦӣȻ˵ȥգĳʲãֻȵüʦǻֺη
ŵĶһƳһۣޱ˵ĪǽֳϹâһܸ⣬һ̤˶ѨӲ䲢С
£æ˹ȥæһУһĴ󶦻סңŰһڣɽ
ǰȥɣѪȽŨһƬڣĿԼԶֻʶ̽·ǾУȴçײֻɫһԲ
ǧԶѨ³խŹ֡һһתȥѲʱĶڡδɣ߼ǰϵĽйâ
ǰѪأļµӿɲʮȥֹ˸ӣխĶѨȻʡ˴ȴͣɫ䡣
һɴСĵ¶ѨδٽŨصѪӭľ֮⣬ʯְȥһƬطһʮɴСĿѨ澹ͷ峤ɣȴͷ綷ļֶ֫ò׺ݶ޺ƺ˯δ˿š
伮أԶԾޣдɽ֮߳ܣԶ硭
һϳͷԾ޵ʱɵý۹һĿյϡ
ʬ鲼һƬǽ壬еһΪĿ
״һɫһڴʱͻȻһһӰȻֱܳǶʬȥ
ͷ޺̧ͷ˵ƶʱ޴ĶѨ
һͷһѲݶ룬͵غȵˡһ㼲׷Ӷȥ
ŵɫͷܣʦãʦĻɲˡ
ԭأĿɿڴͷһԾ˵Ѩǿ磬һӣһֱԼʦֵĻߣȻתˡ
ѳ嵽ǶʬУ˵ϵв廳еΣΣס໡һҪתѨԾԾѺݺ˹
ٽ㱵ӲΪ氧ˣ˫ĿᣬֻűŻе˶ʶתȥһɲԾ͵ſڣһӰ㼤
Сġ
һ㵽ǰʮԶȴǲԾռ˵֮㡣ߺһֶ̧һ߽͵һΪʱ㼲˹
ݶ룬һתߣȴһӾǱǵӰ͸ٿؾҪקȥ
֮УһȻףͫâǽ׷ԾһͣӶеĽ𽣱ƴնȥâǵӰ£͵ص޵ĿС
䲻ݻ֮ʣһϹâشԭʧȥӰһɲǣѵ˼ĶѨ䴦һٿȻš
ͬʱһͷԾ׷벻޵ķɶ֮죬ԪӤڵĸ󼰣ֻתĹ򣬴Ѫȵɱѵ
ȷϮһ֪ѣæһ飬ʱһâ֮СڴɲǣһӰĺ󱳣á顪һ죬ǲŻɵļӲʯ׶ʱը˷顣Ѹ͵ľ䲻ܣһѪ쭳ֱֱ˳ȥ
Կ񱼣ʦͻȻ֪ֱʱ˿̣ݱһֻīŽˡңǡ顱һը죬ȥ
ˣһʱ֪֮ˣԸ׷ɱùΰ
ɣ⡣δأһӰһβмֻ֮ð̾ҧ۾˭һڿǰȥԷХ
͵۾ȴѵʱɽʦýԱһӰţһԻӵһʦ˫˵ľɫһǡ¶ܾٿһ䡭
ʱ֮һɽǰͻȻйâ̶ֳһӰ˫һɣĸ˷ֱȥԲٶǴ䱾ɫ԰ףǰ˼ͨһ̱ڵء
ƿն쳣ȴΪķһʵۻһ
ɾ֮Уʶ룬пһǧڴխɽƿռݣȴΪĲסˣƴ˰ʱһܳȥʮǰԾ޵׷ɱʱȴǾƣߡ
ûˣһûء
£һϽ«ױ͵عһҾơԶ˾漴㴫һ۾ֽˮͷζϴ棬Ǳֱ͸ĵס
ﴨס
ˣˣӵһˣԱǻ⣡
һԩңһȥǷǷǣꡣȴһ𣬲б롭
ǵʱ麣ϣĳ˵λɾ֮Уʼڴʱ·
ȴ롭ֳһ·ߺã
ӣʦԪӣԪ࡭СС˱ôһȥˣŵֺйң׵Ĺֺ
ôһ·ǰĿ㣬ȴԼȣ
ҵ·ߵһգ˭Ϊפ㣬˭ΪҸˡ


736 ֳԶ
һչխɽ£ǰûȥ·еһ˲òͣ
˴һ˵Ӱӹɣһܴ˵ŵԪһˤ䣬˱Թߣ֪ˣҵȸ˾ѵĻǡ
֮ǰ˾˵ҪѭŴ׷ȥȴִҪСƴ׷ϣͷȴǰæһ
ͷǸ߲ͱڣ벻ʱƤûڣֻиڡ
˶ڴ˴һʱûš
˾ǺһЦԣת˫ֳķ鰴£˵λ԰꣡ãʧǸһֵһʱˣȴδӵѣ˭Ӯң˵أһת˵ʦ֣·ͨȴʤȥްҵȾʹ˻תǣ
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Ƶ֮£ɽǰƬطԻЪϢ˰յһ˫ۣȴأŲ˼ǰȴĬȻɫȻ
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ʦ塭£ƿһǰ֮Ǭҧ촽Ȧһ죬˺һͷ˵
񱻷ȥʬеѪȵȣƿеһҽ
ǰֻƿһ£ǷһĨĿɬЦ⣬˵ؾڱ֡
£ȴδһԵ̧۴£æ˱֣ΥʦǰķԸγƺ
һҡҡͷɵ˵һѣӣ
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æ˰벽Ƿһ񣬹ǡƿǬһ°ٴλ£ɫȻ
״β⡣һ˲֪ʱͻ׷¿ɲǵʱ򰡣ͷɽڣǰһС˵ֵ֡ѣʦСȴ޴󰭣֪ʱ
һأԿǰ˵ڵȹ˵ĵ
ԣξﲻѣ
ֲŲ¶أδ׷ɱȴųţѰû
Ǻ⣿ʧһ䣬æ֣Ƿ˵˵ҵһȴв˶ڰ
һԣɫ㷡
һü˵֪һ˲أ಻һ֡롭˴۹һߵĶ˵ɱޣֻɱΪ񱨳𣡡
ͷһʿɫ˶ˣֺν֮أ˵ˣʦڵʱⲻһ;ʱҪһԸ̲ѣȴ硣
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һüһչɫв޲졣Σǿ
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һתǰɫĮ˵ȥԶǾ޴֮ءλɾ֮УδûбķӣԱ㣡˵ţǱ˫ۣˡ
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ʱڣ֪ǻһҲΣҵϸʮ˵һˣ˼ɡֻ׷һͷײ壬ɱ˿¡
һüһâƬ֮־󷨶ʱʧˣֻǻƵ⣬ŵͱڣԼµɽڡ֮⣬ȻӰ
תĹˣһ̧־Ͻ«ڣ˿ھ̧Ų̤ţƬ
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֮ǰЪϢ˰գָ˴롣δÿԽ
ʱ֮һƽͣɵûһС˴ӽͷһʵʶǸˣ
ϵã
˫ӡװģϥʻƤӶ̧һ£Ǹɴػһ䡣
ûյĻرɣһģֵˣΪŵöĪǣһۿ͸ҵɡ
۾͵һŭޣһƷѣҲ뻻ط˯ˣܵ𣿡
һȻŶԭֻһƷ񰡣Сټˣʹ˷˵һ
ȴ£漴εƺԲʧܻᱻסšС˵ͷۣ
һƷı㲻ɾеĻþλʩչĴͨԺδĪϽˣҪѰ˭ΪҪҴľν⡭
ò״̵ֽĻᣬһ˵꣬޿̵ŭˣֲ˼ԲãΪҪʱش𣿡
԰ʱ֮࣡ʣΪΣ
һ˼Ժ˵С̫ڼУҪգ˥׶ŭԷҪæһת˵ָ㼸ǣϴ
Ժ︧ο֮£ĻСࡣ˺һֲĵ˵ұָ㼸䣿ɣݶʡ
һæͷֺõӦеʦҲɸָԽС
һ˵СӣɱʱУƭʱթٳĻҲɫʵ٣Ϊˣĸο
ԣһƲǡ޻ĳ
£ֳ˵߳ߣгʥΪ˵ĵʶĻڵִȱһɣ⡭ģֳԶˣұ˵˵񡭡


737 
ԲߣǧһǻһǱĴڣһǴͨһ֮ԶʱЩиƨãһɻ˵һ
һĬĬţΨԡ
˵֮𣬷졢ءʮ֮֡жΪ̫Ǿɻ֮ж˾ɷ׻𣻵֮֮ж֮һжĩβı𡭡
ħڣһ֣·ɷ׻ȴԳֱĿ֮ǰɽʯеĵƻ𣬱ҲηǾɻ
ǷɻٲһΪЩӡȻپдɾ¡
ԣһݡֻڻ֮䣬һưԼòգµ·ƿȴӵĸԶĪ⣡Լڵɷ׻չֳʮɵһأɵó˿ֵľ仰δؾ˵ӵſںߣ
ſںߣԴ˸һεҡҡͷǸ˼ֻһƷĴڣȻǿ޴󡣶ʱɽôˣԵֻԼľ仰
ɽȪˮ壬ǧԶİ·УһɻǧΪѷ꣡ľ仰ν⣿λˮ͵ʱ˵䣬ǡȪһˮϴȥǧ
չУĪʢıȪˮֻһȪˮɰɽϵĻþ
С˼ҿ͸еϡ档ŮӵҪңҲ֪аھݣǼ£ͻƣ޿ܡһûԪƵط뿪;ָ㵽Ϊֹ˵˰ˡ
ֽȥ˯ˣһȴһӵɻ޴ӷֽ⣬ֻһ߻ζλ˷ŵһһ߰˼ѡ
ԲߣɷǧһǻһǱĴڣһǴֻͨһ룬񼤵ƽ
ǧ񲻾صأһĴڣĻżֵ£Լȴһδ˵Բָ
ǵá澭ƣΪΪϡСء¹ǽ̥֮ϢŻַ֮Ϊ顢㾳磻йΪľϹΪ֮󣬻һģ쾳
澭ֻһƪйľľģΪεĽȴԲᡣŪνԲֻպˡ
֪ƲҵΪҴٿΣݲڻʿУ֮ͨ;ںη֪ڣҵǰҵҪʲô죬ʲôģ
һ˰գأ˼׷ɣȴɻ׿һУĿ񣬱һʯͷ㶯Ҳ뵽Ƭ֮С

ٴΪͣһ˵ǷʼʩߣǸһˣ
ȴɫк˼ӿƽֽšѵգֻҪ׷ɱԶˣȥ·ްһǰ˲ԶͱһĶǰֹס˽Ų
ĵĶѨϵѪԼҵüͷ˼һ̽伱æֹʦ˾컻˸񣬱ʾ·
һعپӺ׺Уȳǰͷµ˲ҵһȫȥ
ʦ֣Ϊ˻ɣλԪӤڵʿе˾΢Цﺬ
ԪЩͿɫѿգҪɱȴ˸ûӰʦֵܻ飬ʵȤ̲ס˵ҵҪ׷ɱһԹλл
²ͣ˵ǶѨڱ޳û֮أɾǰɱδѡһǷ⣬ҵΨǰ׷ȥһԼ
˾ǺһЦ͵Ҫ֣ſɲǶ໰ʱ޵ͿĿãòСġһڶѨڣɣѣʦԣֻ׷ȥǣ
Ԫһɫת˵ĪҪһźá
һ˾죬ͷʾλȥӦ谭ԸʩչݷʱӿΡһʱ֮󣬸ת֮Ի֮ٴμݶȥ
һ̫֮ɽɽ
һ˸·ԥǰȥŽɽڣһǻֹסȥƣɫ㵡
ɽ֮İԶһɫӰ¾Ǽ˿ԶԶȥǾǿʯͷֻߵýˣŻ֡
һԪ˵ıӰ죬ʱ̧ץһϸƱҪɱȥɽͬһأ˫İӦ伫죬Ƿ׷׼˷
˾Ҫǰȴͣͷȥʦֹɽڴδɫɡͷһæȴδ쳣ŵת
Ȼ㣡Ԫ˲࣬Ǵǰ͵׳гֻҫĿĹâ߿裬ȻٵٿȻ¡
顪һ£ը飬ٵâʧɳ˳ȥԿѡʸһߣήҲ񡣶ʱİȴǶһͷ޴İ׻̤һźɫ磬ݡһеʤ
˴ʮ֮ԶԪǰȴŭʦֵĻ꣡ʤ֮䡭ܣ˲Ҵ⣬ҪӦС
һɽǰΣЦƻɢգĵˣʮֻʣ°ȴȻݣҲִţչ󣬻ܻ¼ˣâԪм˵ʦֵĻΣɱ㣬ϵĶͬС
Ԫһͣȴ޴硣ǰᵽֵǿܲΪȻ֮ʦʦܵıɱżȻ
һԪ۹ӹԵˣɽڴƵ˵׷Ҫɱңұڴ˴ȴΪֹǰ
ŵһ˵ǰڿּƵİ˽һͬ߻˲δ߳ɽڣԶԶʮ֮⡣Ǻ⣿
ʦ֡˾һԳѣȴԸƶŲ𺣬ɣ˵λͬ뿪ɽڡ
һüһ͵־ͬʱԪͷһҪǰâһȥ·ޡ֮Цɱһһ
ͻ֣˾ɫһ䡣αˣֱԶ֮⣬˫˫ͣ
ʦ֣Կɽѱ֣˾쾪治ѡ
ɫڳ޺˵δ󷨵ڣȴ̹Сӵļթһڴ˴ûΣɻǳһǰλͬ
˾˵ȻˣҶ˲ǰȥǿԪһ֮
ͷ·ɵΡǰѣпɾֻʣԼʦֵܶˡҪɱ˲ûʮλֱôûˣɬ̾ǿ󡭡


738 û
̫ɽɽڱ裬󷨳ŹâӦú֣
ǿСӵʮǿΧ󻹲ǰȻ½ƾ֮Ī˵ֻ¡
ԭʹƬ̣ɽͶԹһƳҧƤһת·
һ·׷ô֣ˣ˾ǲ⣬ȴʦȥЩ󷨵ĵΪҪ뵱ϣſȥ֣֮û˽ֽ̡
俴ǸһεĽթֻսȴֻԪӤСɵΪѣвη塣ûЩѵʦֵԶһȻǴʤ㡣ⲻУȫˣνһʽͨնλԪӤ֣һִԡ
λ˼ʦܻнңȴ˵ѾĻþֶΣȴ䵽㾳أκΣֻ˵СټȥҪ˱Լ
Ϊ֮ƣԶɽڲǣɱٳƳסȻƴҪ׷ɱˣʱȴΨֱ֮޳
ֱһչ٣˾ֻͣݱܸٷ·ɶ㿪Ҫ鷳вȴ˫˫ɫһǸڵĶھǰԶҵڱѰ
ֻ֪صôطʦֵܶ˽԰вв˾쾪˵ģʦ֣ʱ;˴ĿɲΣǡӦ͵ػͷֻʦǼݶȥкûУ
ͷһ˾첻Ҷ룬α˶ȥֻɲǣХһӰش͸ӡ
ɽ֮УһֻʵӰ񱼲ֹ
չ󣬹ƣֹס˽ŲͱƬ֮ίڵأ鱯࡭

̫ɽɽڣ󷨼ҡһʱ֮ͣ
ɢ֮ɽǰֳһӰأɱϵİֻǬɢķɽԶȥﻹ˵ټ
Žһ򾡣ȴϱǸ˺£ͷԱ֮󼪣ϱ֮
һһ漴ȥ׷ɱͷ
תؼĻɣ˽סһػΪ֮һ
һ˶Уįڣ
һֽϽ«׹˼ھƣ㽫Ǭ䡣˼־ӿһâòΪ֮һ䡣
̫꣬ɽɽǰǸ˲ˣȡ֮һλ뷢Ұ׵ߡ˵ģ뵱Ԫм£ȴޣѱǳ
Ҵһ΢΢һЦԴϰá⻹״λû곤ߵģ
ߣݵʿȻϵһòұͷ档ӦЩ鷳
һ鳤룬ŷ˼£Ըв޲ף̧ͷǰ
֮⣬Ǿ޴֮أѹȥգǶʦԶˣεΪȴʧ֮Ըɾ֮У˵İΣӦ޴󰭡
նһֻһҪǰȥڴʱͻȻͣתֵԶɵüͷ
̫ɽǰƬط˵Ǵݲұ鲼ʯȴʤƽ̹к쳣ʿ˫ۡǱж㱻һʱ
֮⣬һâðһɫӰǸòŮӡмЩǱ鶯üĿȴǹеĽ飡
ⲻǻ˭ɾʱüƲŮӣڴ˴
һ㵣漴Լѱģ˿Իδһǰȥ
λʦ֣
˽һĽȻӿ졣
ʦ־
ٽǷɫӰǰͷסȥ·һס˽ŲֻԷŰ鼱˵λʦ֣ɷͬݳ˵仰
һޱ飬ȴСġ
ŮϢȣңļơħŮб׷ɱʱ򣿺
һ̧𻺻ų룬ŵͳϵɤ˵·죬߰ߣÿ
ֹ˵ϣʦݣĽŻ
һȴ飬Զԡ˭϶Էδ˵ԶȴһĹâűƾðʮӰ˶ӣ㺦λʦܻһ֮
ɫţȴأԲԸһȥ߿ʦְǻ۸ңˡ
ֻգۼ䣬ǻڵΧʮڿ˶ֵļơʮˣΪԪӤڵΪ½ΪԪӤڣͷһӣΨһԪӤڴɵĸ֡
۹Ĵ˵һŮӣǻﻵ˱˴⣬ʦ־ҡ
ʮֽͦ죬޿ֵΧסܣһҧгݴĺ⡣һңɵðΡҲƬ̶ѣ⻹ûˡ
ӼһΪһתΪ׵ӽŭ߳½ʦڴˣݵò񣡡
縶룬ϸüϸĿ綹۹оɱ⡣ƵĻӣмЦӾԭִӾɽһ·ϣ˲ֹһʦˣΣӵӡ仰һ٣תһ޹˼ɵضŵĪҪŮò̰ˣĻٹҹſɲҵġ
һüͷһ߳˻ǲʶôǽԼǣ˽鳤룬ԪӤڵȻһֵȡ
ѽʦǺΪӰϲæĵعάһ䡣ǹŵ½ȴԴδԼɫߣҲ㲻ԪӤڶѣʮ֮ʶ࣬
ݵʦ֣ԼˣǼɫСˣӷ༥Ե߳½ΪУĵ֮Ƕǰ֮
½ЦǺǣˣŲ»ڡδ˵꣬ͷȻһͬʱܵʮʿɫһͬæ˼뿴ǸߣһȻѡ
һˮǿʢգ۱ԪӤڵСɡԲ꣬صƶȻʱɽǰƬطڴɲǣΪʧȴֹĸ˷緶޷ԶƮƮķ鲻ŭ
ǰ
ӻݴ䣬ʧʦɢദվãԻǰϤƣȣǻʲôݵĸ˾ôˣһһ١λǰԵ˵
½С۾ɵԲɫ䡣ͬæ˷һ


739 ǰ
һ񣬾סλǰˣŵһ·ࡣ룬һΪɵ˵Ӽǰʦŵɢˣ˼ˣ
˵֮ʣŮת۹ɿӹǰλߡԷŻɫۣɷǣٲȻ˵ģ
״½಻ϵæԶԶ˵ǰðǰˡ½ʦˣ仰䣬ݵǰ
һԶɫвͣͷȴԵáòɻûһΪѱʶƣ뻯ǰԻᣬʶڳ˵ļҲģ
ΣһŭǸ½ķȴԳΡթĻһԣֵʱⱻƳ¿ðһǰʡȥ˲ٵ鷳
ʱ˽ɫǸǽ˳֪ģңһ۹б̬ư
һԷʡ͵ĵƣһʦɢˣһ̧˹ޣأӾɢ˵ͽ⣡˦˫֣˵ˣⲻ֮Ҽ¡
λǰǸ˵ˣ½һȴֲֻǹһɫ˵ǰ԰ٰţճӵʦŰл֮
һüһƳ˻ӡԷɫϿңΨһ˫˸ŮӲᣬž޴֮صķת˲裬Ȼȥ
ǰвԶǸɫӰٴεסȥ·쿪˫ۣǰȺδȥɶ³ӹ¿һأ
һɫȴǰ𡣻ʧߣֻŰⲻҪľȴ뻹ݵĻʿʮΪ֪ͻȻһλİǰʱ͸ĻġŵĻѰȴʲô԰ٰţ̽ˡ
ϣŮӻ׷˹һռѲ
ǰ˼ұó£ͬţԲǻˡһƳɲЦų˵飬ֵ޴֮ؾǰǰΪ֮ȥ
һʾͷĲ졣㻨ӵԵʣȥ޴֮أǲζˣֻֻ֦ڡǿȥ½ȴǴһ˸ס
ǰɲܴŮӰڻԣλʦܣѪծҪѪ
һתȥ½ʮԶʵʵֹס˽ŲС۾оίɫ˵ò绨ȴЫĳüƭͬУȴڰ;½塣ͬȣżһ䲻Ըһշתɾ֮Уʹͬʦһһѡһ·ϣŮӻϺʦֻ֣ˣĺ䶾Ҳҵֻɱһ˱𣬲ŵķǰ졭
½һ˻ӡȥյһжΪ֪ɢ˿ǳرؽѰ𡣵ʱ鷳ʹˣֻԼϣ˭뵽һŮӾԶԸأ
һĬɫֻǽ۹⵭˻ӵϡŮӳ½һ˻ӶСȭͷɵ°һ̧Ȼ˵ߣ壬ǣǰ棬ӻʾ֮𣡡
ǰһ٣תһͬί˵ݳΪ
˫Ÿ״ȴ̥λǰȴ׷ɱ½һҪɱڣΨи˲ִ¡һԹۣ˲ʵĻлϤⳡԹĴ
ɾ֮еĳʼŴ֮ء뿪˵֮ھԪӤΪ½ò鴿棬ԪӤڵΪԷ˼ִͬС
½а˫޹ٽݾ˷ͣȴвʿڴ˵ҳЧʶؽԪӤ¯Ϊ¯ѰһԪӤŮԸ˲òһ䵥Ļӣݴ
ǻľֻܾΪ֮½ң໥˶Էݡദȴ԰
һһŮԭ֮أ½¶ټͨͬŵʿԷ⡣ڴʱȼīŵĽƽס
īŵͬһαûˣǰȴһ֣ⲼĽ
Ϊͷȴ˶ֵƣ½׹ΪʱִУæΪнСɣһʱ
һе֣ӶʱȸԾߣͷĿļһΪ³ռıˣΪСӰ
ӵûã㷸ѡɱҪиһʱ̲ſɽ½ټͬȴ̸Ѳȥ
֮£빫ŵĵӽ֡˭Է࣬мλԪӤڵʿΧӦ
ӷ֮ءȵ½߳ŭϰݣ˽׷ᡣ
ӲһŮޣ˼һǰٱ䣬ȴս֮ˡ߾ȫ԰½˵ķ׷ɱ
㣬һ׷һŮӣӾ˾ɽ
;Ϯ֮ʱӱƲ塣⧲֮£½°㣬ȥλʦܡ
֮⣬ӻżʦ֡һƻ֮£νʦֲҪ˵乫½ûý˱ȥһȺŹ
ùġʦ֡ˣӵԽ˿ٴμһʱ򣬱æףȴ˼Ҹˡ֮ʱͷǲ½裬չֳʵΪ
ԪӤڵĸŶô½һˣ
Ӱϲ֮ʱǴʧɫλʦֹ֡Ǹ֣λǰأݺʱһλĸˣû˵ŵĵۿѰϸ֮£ΪĲۣﴨǰǸˣͷ˭
˫һǹལ֮󣬸ͣڳΨһˣָи˵
һ鳤룬۹⵭ӹܣȻ꣬˵ǷǷǣ˺θɣپĪϷɱˣ䣬ƴʢѸ͵ɱкȥʱûڳÿһˡ
ֻϢһϣסСšвηı֮ɢȥΪ֮һᣬʲôδ
½˻ʧһ޴롣ǰŭˣҪɱˡ
֮ʣһƮȻԶȥ
ףͷλǰôˣ
δֳɣ׷˹ȥ
½׹ʱֻԶȴ׷ϡҲԺΣȶǰһٰɣλǰҪɱˣҪֿԡ


740 ºȥ
һδǰ޴֮أ̫ɽԶȥ
ǰŭɱʵˣȨ֮½δҼȴ޹˼ɵ׷ȥ
֮һǰ̫ɽһɽڡҷȥ֮⣬һɫӰ벻
ת˲ܾʱΪ֮һ䡣˼ڳԶһӺ衣
һ˫أĿʮ֮⣬һԶԺƺƵ֮Զȥаɿ˻ӿƲС
Ƭ֮󣬲Զð˻ӵӰŮӾЩε˵ôǾŴ֮ذкɱѽǾŴ֮ˮë񲻶ɡ
һ鳤룬ŷԹǰŮһԭرԹݡ˭ԷǲٻرܣǱı׷š
ǰȵѽ
һŲͣɫɡ
Զ⣬żСĴһۣԴһЦ˵ǰͷѰŴ֮زءɾڣеĵطʵʵε¡ԷΪֽ˵Ŵ֮أо·أСۡӡB𡢳֮УˮˮԽڴؽֹ֮£ܸж㡣ףǰ
˴ǴСֵؾһ˵ǰ˼ҿǽɣ۲ѽˣȥδбǡ
ɾ֮Уࡢס졢ơɫеĺɱʾĪ⣬ʿֽŵؽƴڡ
ʶʱĻѱס˷ǰͷȴڵΪܲˡͷǻǰɣ
һ۹б˵㲻Ϸɱ㣿
һһԡδǻȻɫһ䣬ֿɵɵشս˼һǼ⣬ΪƤЦǰĪҪҰ˼ȣ¶֪
һüһͷ˵֪ν
۹תЦǰȥܵûӰˣ˼·µԸ棬Ա½ˡԷɫȴٺ߳ȻһЦԹͷ˵ҲõˣһˡжˣҵǴ
ޣȴжŮӵıԵҲ
˵һʮϰѡһ׮Թ𣬱˾һӡ̣̾쳾ĥջǲźȥνĶãգֻ˽ᡣ˱ĥķŲ᲻ã糾ɢȥ磬Σ
һֻиı䣿ûУĸ֮Уδٹϵķ羰
ǲʷ׵ڻͻ֮¿Уյ١˵ĵطнԹ֮֮˷ݡǷǷǣ㲻Ƿ꣬չҪǰеĽŲ飬һ·įеοɣ
һأǰɫࡣֻת֮䣬ĳ˵ĻòٴСġ
֪ǰһɽָγƺѽպ󷵻ɽţӵʦ棬˵˼ʶأ
һ˫Ц£ĻֳûսЩ
һ鳤룬üͷÿɷ˵ԵۣԵȥɢαʶ
ѽǰʿˣԵۣԵȥɢŶЦδȥеĻͳԷԸԱţߣͷȻСȴǶ˾֮飬ϲ˵ӵǰ̻壬Ҳ
ŮӺ˲һҡͷԼĬڣڳӦеģȴвһ˵;еļţһ˵Щˣⲻ
˾ôУʱ㵽˳ˮĽǰפаɿǵĺˮΪļ˻İƾˡ
Ҵ£һΡ
ˮǺëԸʿֻôӺӵ߹ȥвᱻļĺߡ
ŮӳһİһۣԹӣֻûˮǿɣ˼һŮӣȴҪðǰһ⣬˼ŶԷɫڴ˵ʹ˻ͷطŴ֮أɱܹˮ
ʵһξŴˮߣǸŵ½Ǻ˲ǳͷҪѰʦһ״Ȼˡš֮أֺصڡ
һ̤ϰߣˮ˻δϱ㻬һԡͷҲص˵û˱ȣֺοǿˮ
۹ӹһĵۣԳ档СһƲʾޣ㵽˰ߣֻıӻȥļƣǾȻ˵ˡˣӱӣǰľŶҵСɴһ֮䡭
ڻӵһἿһֲ̣֡ļѶɹԼһԣŮͲˮƣȻ⡣
ٲһĳߣһƬ̣ǵõ伮ôһ仰ԶľˮľΪֺۣΪɺӷѣ
ԣͷһһ⣬˱ʶ۹Լϣæ³ȥ̴ֻžɥ˵ĵ伮βľ֮˵Զţɾ֮СˮǰָδѰǲ֮ľء
뵽ʲôһȻ˵ǰҲѰľɺѽΣΪŶ
һӣһ˼һӣűǡ顱һӰϳһֻɴСľмľΪִľɣ֦Ҷδήĺۼɼ
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״һ˫һչշڼ䲻ݻ֮ʣʮɣһĻͬʱľ֮ϡ
ļľ֮µʹûȣס㵸һԣæֱΪ׷ǰҲòһѽһԳ֣͵ˤȥ
һ֮˫ֻôʻ԰ỨӡͻȻ棬붼δϵޡ
һӽӱקصľϡԾ²ѣ߳Ϸ£´Σû˾㣡
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ѽǰŶ䣬ʧ̾һĺ״ȻɣٲȻһСŮӣֻϤĺǻ
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һһƣŻӺЦ˵λѼȻ԰ٰţ֪֤ĪҪƭλǰźãǺǣԷ̧ͷŭӣҪ磬ʧʱת˵ɾ֮󣬱׹Ŵ֮أλӵѽͬУ˼䲢δˡǼһز顣ʦɱۡ
ŰҪɱһ佻õļŽ֪£λŵĵԲٰŵİﴨΪµĵӡһǻû䴦תкգɺӡ
ǡڴʱӾһ˫С֣˵ǰơ
ᣬ˫һţڿա֮һԾʮɸߣȴʵСŰӵ״ӣ
һ״ȴδҳԷԶȥһ仰
״ӣһ׵ĵۡ
һ£ҧгݵ˵ͷܺáţ̤˺ӰĿԶ
ӰնУʮµĺƽʡӵʱˮͻ𣬾Ȼ˰ʮɫĹâƾˡ
״ӹ˲Ѱĳ˵鷳ŶԷɴ˫ۡ
ʮâ೤ֱ̣۴ϸ絶ƽȥ硣ͻϮ빫޻벻⣬˫˫Ӷ֮ǿХ¡ֻɲǣâһһըַ׷ˮŵ˻ٿһѴӺûӰƬ̣ɣʲôδλȥ˽֮⡣
һưһ˼ҲأĳƤ񡭡˾֮̾󣬱㲻ĵسԳ
һ鳤룬Ŀǰ̬װƣȴǶԹ빫޵ֶѡ˵ĲǲĸˣֻʩͨԾסɴ˿ɼԪӤ뻯񲻹һ֮ңȴ죬ر
ԼһСħӡνԻʿʱмֵʤ㣿ס£ȫˣֻ²£
Եɺ֮£յԼʶ˻ǰֶΣһ۽ͬʱɰȻηԪӤʿеκһˣȴ֪ǾλǰΡǾɽ޷Խ𡭡
һ˼֮ʣŭصǰӶСȭͷ߳ͷΪƭң


745 ϼ޻
빫ԶˣߵȴһϾ鳤룬ЦЦŮȴڵػӶСȭͷʮһ˵ļơ
ҽ㵱мӣȴϾײһƭӣĸ˵ǰﻹҪȥˡŭ߳ݣԲޡԷʡľ򣬻Цݣһ
һ·֮ϣ⾡СܾͷֻһϷŪҰ
һ֮󣬻ŭЪ˺ͦز˾ɵ°ͣϵ߳ͷٽʦһһа䲻ʵҡͻȻԷɱԳʱģһ˵ҶȻ㣡
ô֮ǰôֶΣԻġˣˡ㣡һΪҡҡͷڵϷԳԾӹֺʱйƭ
⡭һʱᡣ㲻ԳԾӣΪҪڳǰļƣѱ棬ⲻǳʲô𣿶ֹ˭ԼҪ׷ɱϵƭͷϼ޻
һбֱգ۾Ļӣ˵һ·׷ˣϷεĳȣ֪жȴҪıݺ»ɥ𣿺ߣСѾͷ᲻Ϸ򲻳ݣ
ͷ㡭Сһ죬ȴʾ˵׹ˮ֮УŰʮ˴ѻǷ֪ƭλǰȴδҴⷬݵ
빫޵ʱ˷ֱðŵĵӣ֪ȴûнҴԷĻѻȴݵ飬˵ȻһΡŮƤһͷۣ
Թðٰŵĵӣҵм٣Ҳδһ̸ֺƭλǰأĪˣʵ棬ϷҪѰһɫ˵
ͷ㲻ԳϷռұˣû˷ŵƣ˵ȴԸԿһмغһ˵֪ͷŰµĵӣϾҵĪΪƱԼ棬˭֪ɱ˶ˡ
ӿɱ˶ᱦ֮˭ûŵأͷϿһѵķأ˶ٻͼƺ¶
һɫһÿɷغǺһЦ
ǳСһƲ˵һļһΪҪ˵˻һ·ɫԲֹһε۸
һɫһˡŮӾȥָʲô
ͷΪҪѰһ׷ʵһִ޹գ벻⣬˺档
һԻӲǣһԣһѷɽֶα㲻࣬ټŮһԶţɺӶֲй¶ݣܲƽϡ
۹ת߹ŽЦ⣬Žż˹ȥ
߳ķɽϣвдʶӡδɢһĨȥ֮֮뵽Ǭ֮Уһѷɽ編ơʱ˵
ѰδСӵĶŶ
һϲͣת׿һԵ˵֮ˡ
ӱ˫ҡţĵЦ̣绨Ĳã޶ˡ
۹һƳһתϵķɽ˵֪ѰΪ˱
һ˿ɣ˵СӡݴǸСӣʩأͷں
һּ˵ѷɽͷҲصغߵţݴ㻨ʮ֮ˡ
ɫһϣ͵վӡ֮ôƺԼĲ޶ˡһţ߬Сȭͷ޺˵ʶһǻСĴܻҵĲǼ֮˺æһת˵ƣΪۼΪʵҿûС˵ĲŶͷŴԣΪɾ
һֺõĻ֮óһѷɽ
Ӱ಻סʵ㿴ǺεˣСǸʲôУ
ɱǷǣһ߳
ϣͷԼ˾װģӲ޵˱Ǽ⣬˭Էֽ˵֮ǰֵȣҲŽѡ뵱лǿһλˡȿȡһλˣ
ԼԼһһĪ顣ΣǷһĨ޵ĿЦС˵У˽СˡӵУ̹ʣһֻǲΥĵһ˰ˣֺĺû֮֡
Ȼ˵ߣ߳ࡢīߺڡͷԼֶֿۣԷŪֻաź漰ԶһԼ˼֮ŮӱһĵȺ
Сʱ֮һѽʮѷɽϡŮغתӣ˵ӣҶɺӣϣ
ֵͷӰһۡ⣬ҪͬУҺοȵʱ˵ƣȴǴ֮ˣͬв޲ɣһؾǡ
һһЦ˵ҽ˵ǰͷ;вǣɰ⣬С
ʲôͷʿɶֹ̲Ӳܣסָʹģ֮ǰǸαǰкηֱ
һŲæ˵СҪ곤֣ǺǣҲԷһԾӣּʮѷɽ
һâ֮УɽһʮȻһɴСܼٲȻһ֮ܡˮߴ䣬־ٿȻǰȥһ֮ǰУֱӶ԰ͷȥһʵգȻ
ڴؽ֮£ʿʮɣһ뻨ֻܾߴУ˴˸ֿ֮ɼһߡˣ˻ת۱㵽˺ӵ롣ϣʮ罣ƵĹâͻȻˮ
ȱʶΣ˽ΣҡһĽܰź̫׵ܵѸ͵Ϯ
顢顢顪޹һȻƥķ֮ƺȻϮһʱϢһϡæӳֽܣ¿ȥЩֱ۴ϸ׺֮ɳһ״ޣԿݣƷÿ뽣âײȻը׷׵ˮУ֮ǳԳ֡
˳ˮ֮ޣڤߡԶΪʳ޷ðȻʩչݷƶ
һת΢㵡պɣȹ裬һӰƮݡС⣬ȴһΡӯ֮£һŨصĺоֳһĹӰ׺ݵسϮڤߣ֮׻飬ɡ
֮н𵤡ԪӤʮǽЩڤ֮ʵŶͷϣֽ֪ΡЦвϷʵĿ⣬˲׷
Ůⲻƣһɵüͷͬʱæͷ£ɫһ䡭


746 ƭ
ڤߵײ֮£ʮѷɽĽҡ̤ϵһֻý·յ裬׹ơ
ɽɶܣ̵֮ķ֮ȴӳֵԵʣͲסڤߵۿһ׹֮ƣ漴Ҫ޵ȺӦ֮ʣѵʮ֮⣬Цͷʶһҵİٹҹѽ
ֻЦһвæ̧ۿȥ貨ĻӣһӰƮݶˡɴСһźȴɭ󣬹ӰĿġ
䣬ŮһЦǳ裬֮мʵĪӰ˺ǾǼԪӤڵĻ壬һЮںϵһ
ŮӹȻĴ治һ˫âһȴԳ¡ڴʱ͵ش䡱һ죬֮ķѣԶڤ߶ʱϮǼڵĹ̼Χ֮ơˣʮΪĹӰӿ
ʱ䣬Ƭ֮â˸ιˡ
ڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣһͻȻԭʧȥӰ֮䣬ѳںӵĶ԰˫վȲתһС֮⣬ڤܼΧĽܺȻը̶һת˲侹ڰ߰ڿһɭȻĽ
֮£ߵ˱ͻȻûӰʱԷѵ֮⡣֮£ŮδƽϡͷΪҶݷ棬ɵСŶΪһЦ߶аŵĹ顣
ˮİߣһ˫ˮ˫ź⡣ͻһУʵŭΣ֮£ٱ˳û侮ʯҪ
Ѿͷǽթ䣬಻˵ΪҪ֣ҽձȫ㣡
ǼʹԵУ⡣Լɵ෨ţ֪١
һڿƣֻҪΪĻӽѵһ꣬ɫɻŮ͵ϮɣΪλԭǻ
ĺ֮ϣڤ߽â˷ʮ걻õӰ˲ֻһצΣں֮зˡ
âըѣˮһһڤʧȴһƽһƵЩɡһ֮󣬺ϽֻͣһźǰĿķɫӰɷ次
δߣԴæֹס˹ȥơµʲôмһƲС죬߳ͷûҰڤߣȴӲš֪Ƚ֮죬ֺιʶһ١
శһʮɵĺϣ̤ɫȻ
״һɱ⽥ȴϾͰգ˵֮Ĳޡ
ߣԼˣһ˵꣬ſڴϡί˵ҲǱ˿еǶ𱨵Сˡ
һһͣ벻⣬֪ҵıĿ֪᲻ĴȻһ龫ֵŮӣɴʮأ಻һΡŵΣǧһ⡣
Ƭ֮һ̧һӡʧʮѷɽһһ֮С
ӺȻߡ˫صһ̯Сɵƣ¶һöڷԲ顣䷨йǺϵĺѸвӰ
ҵĹѽУСһղвԵ֮⡣
һŲ۹תԶ˵ӦԹ޵ɣϡ桭
ϡ棿˲Ż˵ӵĥ˵˼һ֮ҫŵɢǰѰķ
һΪȻ˵л֮̫пƵǲ֪īţ԰գû˶תŮĽ䱸ɫ˵ͷǶͼƺͷ
׷ɱȻвٵķֶΡǸŵ½״ʱἰһƣǼͬһıԼܳûʶһ಻ջֻ˾Ը
һбŻӣת˫֡ͣǰһٿȻԶȥ
£סһЦն𡭡

ʮ֮˴һƬڻ̲֮С
Ѫ֮£ƽ̹޼ʡ۵ɰʯ֮⣬ֻԹµӰͽǰ˵л;еʱ⡪
ͷҸƺѽ
ͺã
ûû˼γƺ
գһӣ
Ҳ֣
кβף


ͷظߣʵù
˻
ԭ֮أֱΪСֲ֮ͬĵơССߣѴСҾһͷΪյ֮ء
ߵãΪ߲ã֮ǰλǰɴǰ
ǿǰŶ˼һɵģҷ裬ƾŲУδԽʮĻԭأգȫȻ治巽ȥҪʧȥ·óԽ
һδ𻰣ֹס˽Ų֮⣬һľɫȴβס۹еڴ
ŮӲָԼԽֻ뱻קŽ·ˣ·̿ʮ֮ңܲһζʩչˣеΪֻ»Ĵ
ڴˣѲݻͷԭ֮У֮ظԷֿΨ֮غ϶Ϊһ֮أһ·̤ǰ;Ī⡣
ЪϢһδߴ٣ͼƬ֮ĿԶ˵µڣΪء֮󣬱ءӴԺΪաأɵִ޴
˵ͷɾͼ֮زһ֪㲻ԸҸ·޷ˣ˵ǣֺαعŪ飡
һأԿԶУ顭
˻ν⣿Ӻʵ
һеͷҲص˵ͼйؾԭ֮ص᲻֪
ѽͼ仰Ŷ˵
һΪһ򣬲˵ЪϢһʱ֮󣬼·ǲӣʹ˷ֵ𡭡˵ţۣ
ߣСͷӸ̲ѡ֮ʼį˵ΪķΪףĶݷٺ٣
У飬ͼеһע⣬˵ıԭ֮·֮ⲻˣ·ȴӹɡ˼֮ʣһ˵ռҵıˣüһתƤЦŮӣȻ˵ҵĶݷж֮ȴݻòΪͨǷ
ЦӯӯһƲм˵ͷƭŶǡͨĪСŮûʶ


747 һЦ
ɵԺ󣬻ݻòΪСʵѰױʶƣ¼벻Ҫ鷳ʶá
ôǳԵĵȻ֪Ƕԡ¡俴ͷΪߺͣѱαЩŵ
⣬ǰ֮˻᲻ݻò֮ģأˣͷ̫ɶˣһƭԼ֮ǰλǰһ˵ġǴã
Ѫ֮£ԭƬڻ̲ɡûƣûз磬˴ֻбصʯһ޼ʵĿҰһɶˡһߣɫưһòŮӣЦӯӯ
ڻӵ༤һװ֪ŸĪ飬ų˵ҵġݵķ֮ͬȴв֮ƾûΪʶơ
ȻԻó˵ΪΪμλǰæֳԭΣŪɳ׾Ӳмһˡ
һҡͷ˵ݾôλǰܲʶô˵ţһ־ֻâò˲ͬ
ӰȣæĿȥ֮Ǹͷģ䣬ɢ˾µơһλɫľګ߳ǰǲǹŵĹޣ˭
СϷ򻹲񡭡
һģ߳һ㲻Ůӣһӣڹâֱ֮ԭӡһŪ֮۹б͸Եá
Ӿϲѡġ˵ðûλǰ˵ı棬Ϊò˿Ǵ֣ٺ١
ͷСпۡԲԡ
һɫת˵ѣù뻯ǰкáΣ٣޲һıʵݡ
һЦ˼ɣ϶һ̽˵ͷīŵĽǲŶ
һ˫ֽӡ˫ۣͷغһ˵ѣ͹顭
ԸգӲδ١Ц£ֶ˼ѰѵһıתˣͷĴ󷽣ͼ۲ͬȴݵĲףӦһҴţ˵İλǰŵ״ӣرǴ
һҴŵĵӣ۽ͬһ㣬취ǲΪ档ݺġ˵δⲻƩǸСӡ

һʱ֮ǰ֮ǰͬˣ˲ͷ·Ǳ˴˸һڱ߱ĥ
һּۻ֮˫Դϲһáûеһǿ鴫еĽơֻɰʮգ֮ҪԭԴˣ飬Ϊռ˱ˡ
˵ɽ֮ʯԹԴĵġĶ֮ˣûӶأⷨвīŵĽᲢۣ任һ鱣нýĦʮգֵ
⡶˵һʿƾǿʶſԾʩչһʶ֮ǿݻò֮Ȼ©һΡ⣬֮ͫ£ΡǻĲֻʳ
һԸʱ򣬻ӡŷǰ⡣īŵĽǱĺöȴѵ֮ʱʦҪ飬û뵽ó֮һ伣ķҲ
ߣǽƱʮձǣʱ򻹲Ҫԭռıˣ˵ŶùʿĻڴСӣĪҪ겻ʶŶٺ١
Ķ쳣һͷȥ֮⣬أϲԽüоֻЦ⡭
һСѣֳģһҡҡͷ·ȴԹ
˴ʶ޷壬ǿڵķȴһαͷĪҪƭҡ
˴˴Բ١һһ䡣
εһƲС죬ֻý뵽˳СǶаΪɡΪǬʱ˴Բ¼СɵıԷݡ꣬׷ʵͷµǱĿݻò
˵ءһ¶Ȼӿ죬ʱŮƲʮԶŲŲæеǿơ

߲ݵ֮ѽǧĸ󣬶ǰ·Ȼǲͷ
ǷˣȴҪȫƾ·ƣ˵ЪϢһǰͷ˺޾̬ûͣļ֮£ֻñű߽
һֻԼ·һлȻˣֻǽϵĽ֮С
īŵнֳɽɷסһ޶꣬ҲֻǶԡ롰áҳΪңΪʱ硣īƵĽƣÿԽĦһ˵ջ
ΪīƵĽƲֻֿգΪľɡʶУǧķѣ۸ӣѱ澿
н֮ɱơһ˵İϸ죬֮ǷӵķԼߣɵð治ѡенǵһ󣬶Ǳ˴˽ܱ಻ͬķһɶġˡ仯Ī⣬֮
һССĽ֮ڣǾжأνˣʹһ۷ѡ
꣬ӵŵӵǬеõֻнķ󷨾Լָܷ֮㣬ûʵĽԽһжȴīŻƵĽƣʵǳֻ֮оһʶӡǣӦǻ
ܷ󣬼ΪչȥһòеĽơĽ˽Ų
ôһȥɾر֮ʱҶ߲Ƭطʮ·ŶͷʱǽˬۡҽͬУԽ֮أЩ飬Ҳƽ࿴աͷ㶯
һͣ½Ųתæ˼ֺõЦ漴㽿˼£Ľ˲̱
ųĻӣһɫŮӾģȴ㷢ϢƽȣüĿ仹һĽɫ鳤룬üͷΪѵ˵϶ʱ㷽˵ƽҶ࿴ա
һǼ⣬˵뿪ԭٽƹ黹ǣ˵ɫһת˵ͷԸɷһչѽ
һ¶ЦݣֶǸԽ˵СѾͷҴһ̡
һļЦǺ⣿ץԽ漴գԭԤıԼѳڣֻνƼͷǼթգ֮䣬ѱֱԽ˳ȥԲ޵ؽеϻͷ


748 ĵ
Ѫ£ĿҰУӰһǰɲ֮ͣŻľͷڡ
Ƴƺޱ߼ʵƾնôԶԶĺب֮䡣
еýˣˣһͣԣæסȥƣҴվΡפĿĲ졣
Īǵ֮ءȻʧס˸սдڣзףһȴ֮ǵĺ㷶η塣
һû˵ת󡣱ͣٵļЪ۴ֶ·һ׹;ƬبУֻƬããѰţδ뿪
·ޣǰ;Ī⣬һüͷ̧Ĺˣгâһ꣬濴ԵĻӡԷأץԽ֣æŶ
裬ʶãĿʮԶЩҡһæ֣ȴƽСѵͷѽͬУͬ۹Ŷһ˫ͣᷢµСϾǲɫ˿̣Ůӱеһ֦һҷޣȴֽ
һԽ֮󣬵һۻӡ꣬һתȥǰǱɴ޴ڣȴƮ׽Ųµһ˲䣬̤ⷽڰ׵͵һӿ̶öϢ
һ̣ٲڳ䣬ֺƶҹ֮УããȻ֪ȥ
֮䣬һͷ۵ԶһͬʱܵΡһ龫Ƶķ±һ޵Ĺâš
Ůӵֶεǲ٣һͷҲصĪȥỺһɶԶಽ
Ʒֵ֮䣬˸Сġʱ֮һһ٣ɫ
֮£Ӹס˽ŲĶʣȴԷǴƮƮȥֻһʵıӰŮӲҵæһС
Զ֮һǰһͣ˽Ųһüͷǳȴɴ˫ָۣǰǡ
ɿ֮УһӰԶԼɼιӣ뷢ҰףȻһλʿȴλȻһʯܰĶҲ
һ֮㵵ĻһΣϸ˵ͷɿ˵·
һһԡԶĻƫתӣµСԵþ¶ˮ֮УȫȻûյĽɫֻвȻ
һƽŮеα˵ûޡδ䣬ѽסһѽˡ
˶㺦˲٣㻹¸ˣһмĺһǶӰ˹ȥת֮䣬ѵ˶Էǰ
ӳƬ̣ƶŲһĽԣ棬һͺ
ѽѿ
ۻĴС֣װģһᣬֻǰԶˡ
һλʿװߣһʽĵΪӡ˫ֽӡڵأݵ˫ĿԲȴն̬Уһ˿Ц⡣
Σһһıûһ㣬һɶͷ˱ˣοڴ˴ء
һ˿ȴȻأ벻Ψ˫Ŀлͫ˸ӰһֱҴ⡣˭뿴֮󣬲֪һˡ
ߵĴ˿ңϮصΣΪι֮أ֮ǰ빫Ƿɴǰȥ˲δ;˴
ԭ֮أʮ֮㡣Լ˶գ绨˵ѵĵطߵĪǱ˹ʡ
˼⣬ɻƬ֮һԲȥ룬ǻȥ֮Ƕߺƹ¼̫ãǲʤ纮ӺȥϢ֮䣬˲ʧԭأֻһǳǳĳС
߲򣬱̽յľʿѱʴ͸˺ǣֻǼįǧꡢĹ¶̫ãβסһ硭
һ£ǰ̤һڴʱ͵شܳһӰЦüһָ̧ץȥ
ӰǻӣƬ䴦ǷɿһرһԶȥﻹзŵų뽿һûٵǿˡ
һ̧ƲδջأǼǰһץһСɵӰѱ۷ȥת˲һֻõĴ֡
ԶһᣬĶǱһֻĴץգóһƿֻһٿȻɳʱһݵĽʿڵ˴ץ֮
һ㵣գ֮䣬ǽʿײһֻá顪һ죬֮ﲻػƾը顣
ڴɲǣзһϸСѿڣڵĹâٿһûӰһʧģ֮ǰǼ
ӣݵ÷ŭ߳һɫŮ֮󣬲ΪȻЦзݣһרµãҽֿտҲ
Ůӳĵңһδջش֣ȴ˫üһӷǽʿƮڰУţ׺ݵس˹
ףʿǵΪȡףؽƶԻã𵤵Ϊ˲֮أǲԸŹֻڵһŮӶԴδһֻЦݡ
һӭУȴֳȥʮɡףμ죬һЦնת˲׷ǰͷ㵲סȥ·
һ٣һͫâʱסŵĹӰ
ףһͣһѲʧʱĻӱۻȥõĴֶʱһֻ˶ȭͷȻһ˶ԷϡͬʱָһŻڿնȥ
֮УףȭͷСӰһΣλɢ֮󣬾ʵڵزҪ֣漴㱻û
ΪĹ˵Ĳһɻ֮ʱֻá顢顱죬ɽ֮гһӰɱڵףֳһС
״һüӱԼֶβܾʩչԸͷ꣬ҪһۡŮĶɱĪԼˡ
һμˣȻһ֮һεĽݶ룬ѶһѷɽֻҪѰĳˡ
ڴʱ䡪һ촫ףײ˽֮ϡһΣֱ·ȥȴ͵ֹס˽ŲֻӴҴҴеƿ


749 
ףס֣Լֻ꣬ء
һ߳ףЩ졣вȴҿŻһӰɢȥʱһ̷ƿ֮С
Ψͷ꣬æŸ˹δɴףΪҪ˲ɣʶ磬ū澲ֹ˭
ڼͣ˽ŲأԴͿ๦ߵģһɫϵķɽҫ۵ĺ⣬ɵһ޹صɴ˫ۡ
һٱĪĻӣòסȥƣȴε̾һϼջǸҡˣô䡭
ĬȻƬ̣һɱ˷ɽת̤֮С
ҿ£һ·࣬ǼȻıӰ׷˹ȥ˵ͷҪŶҲǺߵ˭뵽ĲһأǾʲô
һǰһԲʲôѼеأȴڻ֮ͫһ⡣ǺһԼػ֮±ͻȻΣֵһɫâ磬ѿ˵ӣΪ졣Ρ
ѽǬٻʱΪơӸ˵伮أԶǬ֮˵ֽֿɾͣרǬʱգͨʧȥ֮֮ǰ
Ϊ֣ੲݵŪżʶ
һһߣɫȻĳȡǬҲٲõ˶ȥıһл˳һйޣ
һǰһԶѡźŨ׵ȥڳĺɫ٣ãȻ
ΣһĽ½ԶǱͣ߬ųеƿ֣ɫ䱸
֪䣬ǰ˰ʱɫأŨصҹɫ֮УֲָͻȻһʶ𣬳ǵĺӭϮ
ۻ壬һд˸ս֮УŷʶȻûô仺ͣ½ŲĿ֮ͫ£ֻ޾ӿݡ֮⣬ʲôǹķȴԶʱ˺Īľ⡣
ޱߵҹɫ֮У·
֮Уһظĳһ̫ãѰ޵ڣֺһ·յԵִеı˰
һ̣һܲ壬ֻϢȥǷеٻŨصľӿܵϥ΢΢𣬻˫ۡ
һӰǰ߹ֽԶʶһ˫򸾣ǵһһԶȥӰϤʦѩơ츣ԪӡԪࡢԪ硢桢ҶˮССЩ֮󣬻дɱĵһǮС֣Դ塢ұɸӡ
֪ģԼɱģٸӰôԶȥǳңɫꡣƽµ·עߵɣж׷ͷ
Ƕķ׿׺͵ЦݣƵƵ֡ʦĿ߼ͷ䣬ĴţšѰǸƤСʿϽ«
ĿеһǷЦ⡣Ӻ£һĻӰ䲢δֻŽŲǰ׷ȥ
ˣʦҪĺ«ڵ
һȥ磬ǽߵȴһһٿȻԶȥԸв죬ȴԸͣ½Ų
֪׷˶ãһӰȻǿɴһɵ·ʹ˱й㡣ٴתǰɫãȻب裬˼ޡ
֮£һٲ׷˶ȥǾʹȻУĪ֮ʣͷһԭؾþǹȥһ꣬Ҳֻ֮䣬һ˫ü𣬰ҧأת˻ȥǰͻȻƿɢɽҰ£ľïʢ
һľɽȣһľԣһһץٵС񡭡̨꣬ζ磬СҪ𡣸ЦݺͰȰнȡջȼΨ»ִſԳȼϢ
ĸæµţһԵӶСȥһתȥţ߻뵣Ŵв𡭡
ɽȵµϣһķڣվˡһλ氧˵ӣһλ׵ߡ˵˱ȻӦʱ˳ҽ԰볣飬˳ر仯ϲŭԲĻ֮ѣ֮ȻĲδһֽѡ
ɽοһ˼ѭɽȼǰΪ֮һ䡭
һô£һһϯض룬壬̧־䣬ƿصȣ˲Ⱥ͵Ц滺Ļȴԡ͵İȻ񵭡˳磬˫üбǻһĨЦݡŶԷĽ̻塭
˵ǳı仯н֣֮㣬ǰΪȻĶΣ;ΨȻ֤ó֮
٩٩̸һҡͷΪ
һһת׿ɫ̹Ȼƴ۵ԭˡһЦ˵
һԸв죬˵ͷԷѾãЦ˵֮֮Ծнν㣻Ŀţ֪Σ˳
һ˼ȴ˵ʦԣ֮Զ֮Ұţ۲ţľͣ˳Ӧ޵ó
οһЦȴǳһ˵ȻҲ޵ߣأֱԭԶڣֱıԭףиأֻһִгľ磬ν֮⣬ˡ
ָԼһͷһæǷΪϸ߽˵丳ˮһ֮ǾתɳɾֱΪӣ˳ףȻͨͬԵãȻȴľ硭
һһͷȴֲҪ塣ֻýԷ˵£Դպᡣ
Цɣ˵ɫ磬ûȥˣ
һ̧ͷ죬Ȼ棬ת֮ʻǲĵһ䣺ֽ
£˵Ŀգ˾Ҷ桭
һͷһȴʧ˾Ҷ棬ǳ֮
ȴЦһ̤ơ
һ׿ȥﻹаӰΪα˴˲İ֮Уߵģϡʶȴơ֮УŷȻع˼УӾͻȻƮ𣬽ű۵糸һȥ
ԭ֮ص֮УеһȻ˫֮ۡ䣬ɽȡǳһţƻãȴ޴׷Ѱͷ˲㵭ĺ˪
ǹ˶ãûмʱתǷôóȥֱҷ
һת˪ʱ䡣룬æתȥɫһ


750 ִű
ŵҹɫУӶһ˲㺮˪ǱϻһĨϤǳǳЦݡ
һͷ۲鷳ϵŮӣҲаֵʱʵѵһ
żǾŮӣһδңüͷе˫ֻͼԱƿȴôڵأ֮УԶѹ΢ȥ
һתܣɫȻޱ߼ʵⲻӿٴ˻˯ֻ׹֮֮²ɵһŻͫѪ֣ͷһƬ
ĿգԶǵ֮
˱ȻӦʱ˳ţڼ档֮νн𴫳УĪǣ׷һУʹȥԼ·
Σƻãţȴ̣˲һһСĶԻĪ⣬ȴֵ㵽ֹ˼һнΪ֮صĻþΪγμ߲İ֮У˵ģȻ
Ƭذͣ۵˸ǸĪ⣬Ϊ˲˼أ˽ԵĿնֺڣǱʧǳɵõҺθɣ
ڣǽ̹;澳ֻңһֱķӶѣ֮£;Уηִűģ
뿪ʱһԵڣɼ⡣˾Ҷ棡һ̤
˴һͷȻڵؽΪ֮һ⡣֪䣬һΪ̶ֱָ𵤵ĳŰԪӤС˶ǸɫȻ
ⲢΪףǾĸջ񡣶߿еġת֮ν⣬ϸϸĦһǡ
ԭפƬ̣һɫ糣ȴЩĲͬٶĿУһͷȻʣȴȻʧ꣬ٴδŨصתɫж˼Ƶš
أԾţڵԪӤͬǻ˯ѡдһȴ֪ȥ˺δܼʱתҪԶʧڳҹɫ֮С
龫ֵŮӣһĮ֮ˡʱ˿ִ̣Żȴ԰ԭ֮ص׷Ѱʲô£
гâһһҡҡͷǱͫǿоѣʧֻҲԻת
˼һ˫ǰһһõӰ뿪ԭе塣ʱ䣬һһСӶ
ǰֳĿԼһԷͬ΢΢һЦ޶£Ϊȴһ㣬ֻĺڡ
ôȥĻȻǲã޳ķŲƬ̱ɢƷó
һٳɣһӰȻʧǻһ΢Ĺâٿ뻨ӵüġͬʱڶԷԶ£΢΢˫ۡ
һ޳ĵһƷ񣬾ô˵ʶ֮СΪᣬȫ޴⣬ֻžŮһ
ǰľһ䣬ããҰ֮Уտףȴ˼ֵļȡڻӵʶ֮УһܵŮԪӤ΢ȴ޴ӻϤԷڡΪСӰѰһ漴㱼ԶһĨȥ
һ侲ҵϯ֮ϣһλĸ˺ţȴץһ˲֣˵˵ţ۽Ứ
ҪŶһԵŮ˫ĿᡣֻʮͣСȻ
ҹ¿ĺӣ᲻ǡһ̾۹о֮⣬˵ǷˣվһҪúûţ˳Ϊʿһգͷ߶һ
Ů˫ϥţɵظӡڸ˵ĻУӲҪΪʿֻҪס
ظŮӵ㷢δȥůůЦ⣬˵ɵӣֻﲻʿܾ˵䡭ʿðɵóǡشӻͳһڴ˵ǡǰɽʱ񡭡㼰֮ȴѵȲʱ
Ů̧ۣ̯һ˫СУѶһ̴ֻζ֮һ֮ʱСɷס֮Уһͷ˫Ŀ΢صĸˣе
ڴʱԶͻȻһ̾Ϣ֮ɶеһжʱʧԭֻ»ǹӰȻĹˡ۽ǵδ£ڻƬ֮У׷䣬ַڼ죬ֻβס޾İˡ
̧䣬¶ϵֻ޵Ȼʧ񡭡Ƭ֮ŲơǰĺӹԣŵķڣԶԶɼפ㲻ǰǹһһ֡
ʮĻӣµʱһŷڣŵ˵ɽҰϷƫƧĺӹУԴ˶һµȴӰһգίڷǰ߿ָ࣬Ѫȴ˿˵Ѫ֮ŮӴӴ˲ͬ
֪Ӻʱ𣬻ӵ˯˵شһЩĪּ׵ĿھϬ֮£㳢ȥɣΪ˻ҵһλʿڵΪ֮󣬱ӹԵķڣǰҪԴο֮顭
һգѣҴĻӱɢţȴĵʦ衣ӴԺƵŮ䡭
Ϊ𣬱ǳ˵ˡԷʶĹ㣬ΪɽȴõĹԴڣָһ;֮⣬ء
һ̾ϢеĻɫٲǰķڣȥһУǰ⵭ӿɢȥȴδ뿪ԼԡѰأҪԶ
ˣˣһǸĻŮӣһǸͯδĻӣβ׿ۣģʹ˹֮Уȥ
ӵ߷ǳǳЦ⣬Ƿӳµķڣ֪ΪΣºһ٣̧꣬ˮɫͻֲ˵ҲȥҪ
ֻһӰȴһ΢Ĺâ
ò漴ִֵĿ˵Ī˵Ѱһҵ˽ġ
Թתȥ
Ҳ
ѰһĪָʹ

ǡڴʱͻȻ˵붼δڻһ䡣ɲǼ䣬ȻѹæȻסֻһŻ۵˻


751 ֪
ھԭ֮صƬҹɫ֮УӰδδ𣬳Ŷֹȴһˮ΢
֮䣬һϸĹâһڲȻ˫ۣ漴һǳת⿪Ż״أԾĻӡ
Ƭ֮󣬺˰ĳ⣬ĺ˪¡ֹ˻תԴ㵣ű㷢һ̾еƿָϵŮ˼
˲Զһӻǰͣ覵ûһ˿Цݣеֻҹŵľޡ
ȴ޷ᣬЯ֮ͬСĿڣȴЦݵͷ
һ鳤룬˵СѾͷá
׷ǻ׷ʡ
һͷΪȻ˵˵ģŲµģ·ǡСѾͷͷܽˡ
⻰˵ġҡҡͷʵ㲻֪˭
һںЦ˭˵кηеɡһ٣ŲɫСѾͷĪǻ˸ˣģ
һɫ˵ƣ˻Եڣһֱš˭룬ͷңһԵƵϡ
һ˵ǺǣСѾͷϵòĸ˲ɣһԣһͷҺʱõɡ
ӼͷȻ¶״ɵðҡҡͷԼˣǲɾѣǰһѰʿйءʵת˼ʱ
һȻתߣ˵˵ز˾
ӵɫȴشתů¶Ц⡣δǴҴԶȥıӰеͷߡ

һߴɽ崣ҹɫ֮УҲʮȴεضһա
δǰһ뻨ӱͣ˽ŲǺڳӿããİһͣ͵Ĺôþǻҹ֮䡣
֪УŨصҹɫʣ֮£ԶԼɼ
ԭɽһءһתԷɫɣüȴĶ˼ֳ¡Ƿĸ֮ŮӵľӦ˲ͬؿգȴ޻Ե
ǰǵĿڴйţ˹עʵ
һҡͷתĿɽƲƣĪƻʹ񲻶һʱ֮ѡɾͼУɽɼ˴ĹĪ⡣۹ɽʱ˫ü𡭡
ݴΪΣ˭ӲɽأһءΪҵذ¡Խԭ֮أ;аȻջҪɽšߣԻǰУ֮֮лΪ
˵䣬ӵ۹⴩͸ƮԼɽµһʱɫΪ֮һ䣬æϸѵͷһƹɽȥȻͷҲ
ɽɽ£ҵ֮УԶʮʿӰڴʱеһվͻأ
Ǹ۵ߣͷߴĽ˶Ծ֮漴꣬³ȴδȥĹˡ
Ƭ֮ǾһվͬΪһߣİСࡣ֮ľګͻȻֳҵ飬תһЦǲݷ˵ŽԵһλʿץȥһֻǬ˲֣ԷȻ
״һλɫԲм漴뵽ʲôҪֹȴεҡҡͷǾеʿѱһŻɣգ۱㱻ճ˻ҽ
һԲѵʿôбȥ޻ת֮ԽɽĿɲֹһλԲڻʮ˶ееȥʱ
ֵδһˡѲ³⣬λĸߴ߻ǳȰ˾ͣȥ
Сһ٣ľګдżЦ⣬ʵɽأΪ֮£Կߣмˣһӣڣһ˻˻ҽ˵ҲǰЩͬȴ֮࣬˺Ϻ֮٣֮޴תֽΡ
ĸߴķȴԶԡ׵ıɱһͬδ޼ɵԼδʱ˻˴ɫв죬䲻ֹԷ۹ȴܵΡ
֮󣬿ԴԽɽȻ޼ڴ˴ɱ䣬ҲΪ֪⡭
λĸߴ߲з֣ͬɱһ˺˿ԶΣ㵡С˴Ȼ
ʱ֮⣬һˮĿɽɽһУ⡣
λ߲ˣŵĹ빫ŵĹޡ
ǿλǰ˰һ֪δﻹаֵԣԾݵͬɽѣ˴˼޳Թɳûºֲ¾
һȻƬ̣˿·вƽУֲ¡
Ŀɿڴѡλǰһ֮Ȼһˡ¶֣ľֹǽ̾Ϊֹ
Զ˿֪м¶ŵþ½סһ˵ͷҪδ䣬Ůӱһش֮СƼ޳ܵĹλǰ»ڣ
δ
·ܳȥʮԶӲǸͷԴԭأδжļ󣬻Ļ𡪡
λǰԵ衭
ɣȴֹס˽Ųתѵ˽ǰɫơǸͷǻȻ壬ȫȻûСӦеĹǰڳ߳ʵļơ
ףǸ黫СͷĪǻʧķ裡ʱ˿̣ƾװʲôŵĵӴ˽٣Ѱ·
֮£ԭһʱŲŲ
δɱ֣һļΣʵСڴˣΪλȻ¡
һ˫֣ȫȻû˴ǰı΢ųŲԶĸˣɫڽ˵֮ܿΪأ
ɫԴ㵣漴ĮȻ˵СŰӵ״಻˵ķ
һ⣬ԶƳһۡɽµĹɫͣҪ⡣תŹ޵˵ǰҪ裡ɱˣһҪ·
ⷬŨȫȻû˳𱰵޲δ˶ŭϡĺ룬ٴǰλйŵСԷϤۣȴΪĲףٲȻǴеӵװ硣ţŰӵͷŵһй¶ȥԼҲǽ塭
Ƭ̣һ̧Ų
ɫ벻
ҹ֮Уһɽһȥ
״Ӱ棡޾ȻŹͷôҡڵȥԼһڴ˴׶༪٣ǳûȥŻ
ת֮䣬һԽ˹޵ԣԶȥڱ˴ʮɵʱĻͻȻ𡪡
ߣŰӵĵΣɱ㣬֪࡭
޵Ļδ䣬һâƿնȥֱһĺġ
ΣԶĹ޶ԡˣΡ
ŵûʧɫСڰšǰ֣ͷڡ
֮䣬ķɽ㵽һɴڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣǰеӰȻǰǲʧʱطɢһƬҫ۵Ľâ


752 
顪
һɽɽը죬ǿ֮кȥڵʱɨһգֻ½ֵ˫˸Ľâ
һɫ𵤳ڵƻһɴǻʮѷɽɱ
붥ŵŵӵݱܿǷǣһûܶⳡ֮֡ϣ޻ųڣɽ͵Ϯ֣һɱΪǰﾹȻĴҧ˵ķȮ죡
ǹޱϾǻĸˣΪƣֵ뺧˵ɱȻѰʿͬն
ҵǣһڰ֮²δԿһб˶֮Ϊڴؽ֮£˭˭ɣ
һƳţ˫о˸ԴܵĶ
ʮ֮⣬ԲȻٻķɽ֮ת׿ԶĹ񡣶ԷһĲ⣬ȴ˹̶üͷٴδǸĶ֣
Գֵģƾ֮ˣɷҪɱֻһСѣ֮ǿԷɽԼһУڳӭսļơǻһС𣿴ʱ˵أн𵤵Ϊ
ԭɽ֮طǱѰԪӤʿ˴˴ԻᱻסΪΪһ޷ķˡʿֻͬ޳Ԫ񣬱ĽһɵΪ
ʶʱλˣֱΪ˽𵤳𵤺ڵʿڽɾʿ˵۷ڣҪɱһСԭ練ƣȴνĵŵӣǵûþ֮УŽ𵤵Ϊ
һԪӤСȻؽơ͵ϮδɣȴˡбһĻӣ˵԰ٰŵСĪأ֪ɷϷһء
ԭأ۹ͣݵһľȲٰ֡òΪƭ˶ĿŵĽֿʵʵڶ١
ͷֲ㲻ԸԭŶ뷲ûȴ뻯ĸ˷ͥ񡭡
޵Ļлɫ΢䣬תԶĹ˹ٲңǼæһĵ˵ͷҹŶ
ӾһʮԶΨ㼱˸ȦӡʵУɫӰǴæȻ޴ӣͷΨһָ
վԭδľګɫһֱ̧Ӱץȥʱ䣬ܵͻȻһͣǡ⣬ַεĴֽƬأ޴Ӷܡ
ͷ󾪣вһ٣ǽ˰;СǰҪԸ֮ʱͻâȻϮͷһͷһֱδȥȻҪԼ
䡪
âȥȴڻӵǰԶȻ衣еһĺ죬͵һᶶȴָֽԭ״
һס˻ӣ׵סѷɽľګɣȴǷⲻһŪСѣΪǣתбһ۹оǱ֮ɫԪ֮ǻʿʩչϷֻн𵤵ΪȴͬʹһɵԪ֮㹻ɱ
һԭأߵ߰ѷɽתֹʮ֮⣬أԽУΪƬڰײֵһĨķۺ죬ΪޡܴķɽȻǰĲԶ˲á
ǷŵĻﴫߣһüͫ΢Ԫ֮ǵðٰŵİﴨ˵ԪӤʿ뻯ʿĲͬǾΪǶ֮ƿء
֮Ϊãʿ֮֮ΪΪʿһͨһ֮ȴԶ
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һͷһ۹Ҵ
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ľȻԴ㵣ȴֲΪҡҡͷŹ񲻻Ųæʵ֣Ǳ֪ҽյΪֽΣ
˵ҽãգֶˮֺοգ»أĪҷ
޲δֱ棬Ǭ˹ȥԷֽӹźǺǸЦ˵ֻᣬԴ
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һ˫üһͷۣ߳鷳ϣȥ˺
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ȴɲȥǴһ˿ɫЦͷ齻飬ɲƭҵĽŶ
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һҲﲻ߸ϵĻˡ鷳ʱԼ޴ӻرܡԼ·ôһǳһŵزȳģ
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ӿһԭ˿ΨϵĽĹâɫǰ빫޵֮첻ϣ˾ֻŽΪô򵥡
ȻѣĻ˽һӮȨһε
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һԭأĺȻǵϮƿյ죬ƾˣǻʿķ֮ǰֵǰѰķɽΪҪɱԼ޾ȫ
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״ľګɫɵ΢΢һС˫ּ䣬Ƿɳһâķӡǡã͵һھѪ֮ͻ䣬һɴСĺڸƿնХ
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һʱ·׷һԼǬȥΡϥ£ʯУ˫üǳס̾


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һͬΪĹޣȻ޴мܣͷûħӡԼڴ˴ʡ뿪û˽ѣԼֽΣⲽ֮У߶Զ
һĴƣʯм˵ϡʧȥ֮ʯʯеĿ鶯಻ڣֻһѰʯͷ۵һСʯмԼֺγأ
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ĬȻƬ̣һǷһĨĿɬ꣬׿ЩԼʲôԪһ·ķ˪įľԼΨһջ
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һ˼׷ɹһͷüϴԳɫ̧Ͻ«ˮڣ£ɵû빫޽ʱ
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˶һܵĶִһ־ԽǰڴЪϢ֮ʣж׷ɱ֮⣬ûһֵķ

һΧɵСаʮķԲɸߣΪơľʢ磬Ǹڡһ鰲ĵطȴڴʱ𣬻ҵɱŰݡ
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һԵĿԪʵʦʦܣģʦкηԸ
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СŨиĵرЪϢ֮໹ãʿмƽݹŵĵӡ
ڵϹһȦܿʮλʿĵϸһӵԹ޴ӷйű粻㰵ѰԪ˲Լҵݡ
Ϥǰ֮˵ʵ֮󣬻ÿԪһԷݷ˵ֻһʦܱȥѰ˱
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755 
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ԶЩϧ˵ʦôӱˣȴǴ˴˴εĻԵʦĽкô˶Է
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ӳԶͶԵһƳתԶԸÿһ±գǱʱýڴ˵Ⱥ֮ʣż˱š֮صڣӦݵĵӣŵĶ򡭡
Զֳǣӳ£ֵʦһɾ֮Уˡ
Զȴûġ֮ʱɫ˵ܻ˴˵

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޴֮صĳڣΪ֡һǰһӰǹ빫˲δ棬ǸչʶԶ
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ĬĬ·ľګɫһ˿ŭһ·׷ǲҪɱ֮˵ټߣǶ˺ͷҲԴ
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ŵԴ֧ǵУɴʦˡ
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״֮УǲΪȻ˵أȴ֮һ٣ʲô֪ˣ˳˽£˭òСӾϷҪѰأ
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ڴʱ֮£ǶʮɷԲȥδˮ棬ȻΪм䡣
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һԵ֮һٴֻâԭеò˱仯꣬Ǹ뷢Ұ׵߲ˣһŵԭأ뵱ˮģΪơ
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˼Уһ˼־һ⻪֮ʾһݻӣ̶һɵ°׳ԭ˼ΪصͷͻȻʲô̧˷٣Ϊεǡ
ݻòѣͷϵķδ䣬һزޱ߷类ղõķȴû˻Ψһ
һͷϵķǬѰһһͻȻһϸ֮䳤ߴ磬ϸ룬ĺ⡣
꣬һ漴
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756 ŷʹȻ
֮һԽҰֻǰ֮ɾġš֮أյִɽڵĺ
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Ƭ֮һòֹסΡǰʮҳһ㣬ʮΧ߰˸˿ŹֹһԻʮԹߡ˵·һƬǽ岻֮ǺһͷȥޣʿĶϱ۲֫ΪѪȡ
ԶһƳ˸ΡΧݡݡӺݵʿǻԶٵŵĵӣΧ˵Ե빫š
ⳡɱܼ򵥣˺ɱһͷ֮󣬸ҽ뽫ΪС˭ŵĶʮ;˴ָ빫ŵĵͼı졣¶ʱִ漴һս
Թ߽ԿΣ빫ŵҵ׹Ϊʱǽɱ˼ˡö˵ڽֻΪ˵׮žԹ
ŵĵӱȴ˸֪ԩͷծǻֻϹۡŵĵӸǲԸ£ֵһ֡
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ԶԶˣһΪŵӵ׺̾˵ŵӵǿöȴǰһֺηɱѪԡ
ǰսѱϣһⵢ顣еýˣ֪ͷȥ޵Ϭض׾ȵȡ
ŵͼĲͷϬ˳ҵź֮ȥ֮ǰǼʿĵشһηϵĺô;˴һ⡣
һ˴δɢɱǰͷ·һóȻԽȥֻСʱ˶β¡
ǸصǸߣǰλУеȺ֮⡣
һ΢֮ʣת˲ӭּЦϸɤ˵ٺ٣λȳŲ
⣬һֻ买֣һƹȥ·һŤǰͷŽ˵λγƺ
һλߣҲ˵һͷһһδǣ˵ˡ
Ҳٺ١ԳֵԵһЦ
Էȳһɫ˵һɢޡֽ֪кμ̣ȻĹֽΪ֣һãȴǸĶһ֡ΪɣΪ
ѽнһ֣ɼ˴˵Եʵǳţһɷµ˵Ѿӱύ֮⣬̲ҵ
ֵĵغ˼䣬ԷȴȡûȤֽһһ飬ŲʵѶһ˸·εӰֻ֪ɷŽͬС
һлȴҡͷؾһʤң
ɽӣƽ˵ѳɢޣ˳֮Сĳš԰գĺٺһЦȥеȺߵǰ˴˻˸һͬӿΡ
һأԲǰɫȻŵЩɱʱԼԶԹۣ֮һ·˹ǸֵĲ¼ʡݻòֻ֮¾ݻû˿ʶԼݡŵˡ뵽˴¶һĨ׽Ц⡣
ǰգ;ָϹݵʿһи׳·֮ʣһ˲ԸŹеĺôǽȡһͷɳϬ
ΪϬޣԪӤڵʿΪͣһҲԶԸŵĶʮһӵϣǺһһʮɵĺ֮Уܲޱס֫ƵٴμըƬ̱һս¡
˼ԣջ񣬲˿šһأֻöԶΪر֮⡣ڴһƯŵĲݵӣҩŵĵӰ˸ɾȨҽ˴ЪŵĵطǰΡ
ŵĵӸɴնɱޣγɺͨǿ˷֮һ̾Ϊֹ˼ԷæոôɵÿڵĲݵ顣ɴСһѲݡ
һʱնһΣ޴ӽһ׹ݵ֮һȴֻʹܵˮϵһ
״һȻɢȴš꣬ٴһ̤ۻ֮ʱס˼֮ڣݵӺûˮСأգ˫ԡ
ͨԷɽնɱޣ˵ȡʤ֮Īڴˣ
ֹһε˵ΪߣǿۣĴΪߣаɽĴͨɵĴڡǴӸΪԼУֶΣǡħӡĪɴ˿ɼɵһ;뷨٣רעڡ֮ʱ㷨ŵ
Եɺ֮¿˰ʮ꣬޵áħӡԺķֻͨ±ȵ컹ѡԼΪޣշһʱ
һ˹µ;мį˼벻ʧΪԵ֡żУ˭˵һľջ񣡼ǰǻѶһȻƣڿնšһˮ죬ɴСһݵ͵شߣµΣǰȥ
ٽľͷԶɼǵӰðЩɢ߽ҴԽš֮صʿһмҴңȴɫϲ

˽һµĹ⾰һڴһڡһƬƽ̹ĲݵأԼɼɽ壬ϿȻްѱǳ⣬ŹȿЪϢ
һ˫֮󣬲δǰУóɾͼ鿴ϤǰǾ޴֮صĳڣ̧ͷ
ǰƬطأȴΪľʹ˶ϿȺһڴʮ֮⣬ǻŵĵЪϢ֮δȥŹȿ̲˺ʿ
һת·ԭɵϢ֮ʣԶΡȻǧѰ˴ʿΧһԡԭ˭ǵŵĵӡǹŵĵӣԲס·һ
뵱꣬³Ǩŭڵţɢ˱ѰرƢԿɼһߡĵڴ˴ɱҵʿŷʹȻ
պ󣬹ȿǰġĹꡣ˴Ѿۼʮˣȴе빫ŵĵӳ֣һŵÿȥ·
ʱ֮ϿǰûӰ㾫һٵ飬˹ȥϿȿȴнơǰľͻȻһ䣬ȻһƬ֮С
δǰΣɱһԭء


757 
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ʮ￪⣬ҷɣʮλʿսһ볡ռŵģǻŵĵӡֵ֮ǵ빫ҵӣռ·磬ȴңȻб
һΪ֮ˣǸƤߡһæӦսһ߻кͬŽС˶һ˵ΪϤǸ
϶󣬾˴ȴѸģֲ˺˵Ĺ
һһƴɱʦֵͬǸֵʼնȺĺͷһ˫Ӷ飬黫ɫǲб䣬Ͷ¡Զλ߻⣬ǴתԶ
Լʽ᲻սˣ漴˹æкŵĵӷ׷ȴмз
һףɫ䣬ȴǻҡ˴Ŷʮŵʿǻǰ벽빫µĵӣһö˹ڳÿһλò
ͬʱһλĸߴʿǰͬѰˡ
ΣһƲƲ졣ݶ˵⼸˷ֱǵšŵĵӣʮа˾ΪеӦǻ֪޴֮صΣڴ˵Ⱥһɵӵĳ֣ɴһս
ֶԸԼʼϲΪ֮رҳ΢ݽ棿߼֮һе򲻹
䳰һһ˫ֻǰҵĵӱ治쳣ֻȥ
δԶһֻصȻһһжʱͣŲŲͷһæ
ɲǣһһᣬǲųֵӰѵԶͷȥ޴֮صĹȿڱһӰܵݹ٣񳤱ѵһݴ
ʿ˾Դӷŵǳɱп˱ͷֶһţ֮ĻҵճʱջɻǰһǬǰ˼Ķʵܽ۽磬ǻԵڣ˵Сջ񣬵С
һӰԷɹһ±ȥƬ֮βȻԶ
һʮ֮⣬һɿˣʮ׷ϡ֮ǰȥŵӣͬŽӦƷ
ۿŹ˱ҪԿֻлȻðһʮɳ͵سŵĵӡ
ХУɱŵúȻɫһæűҪܣȴΪϵֶԺ˰벽Σ֮ʱƾһȡ
Űƥе۸Сҷһս
δ䣬է𣬷ХһʮɳĺȻʢԡ˫ǣ㣬ɷڣԶ㣬ȴ׺ǳ
ʱ䣬ɫɫԶһ𡣱ײҹšڰâȻ䡣֮Ŀϯȥʱǽս˫ĵӱƵˡ
ԶԶΧ۵ĿɿڴһΪ֮ݡ
һһΪȴƾˡԪĽΪͨıƴԪӤʿĶᲢۡ˵Ľ֣ȻǱѰ
ڴɲǣ͵ƿкȥ˫ĵӽԲܣ沢ŶܡȴǶ˼ӰŰɢˣоӺսĹ빫ޡ˴ʮңңţȴǾչͨڿս
䡪һأҷȥȴǿԴ󷢽Ʋᡣ
ɸ߿еŰӲţǴ衣һûת˲ѻһⷵȥ
ɢ˵Űмֵ£ͬΪһ뷢ҰףΪõ˵ģԷǲͬϴſЦļµĺ⡣
б䣬ɢ˲мغһֱǰһ㡣ӿֹȻһգǲ񲻿һĺ֮ɢȥΣȻһɳħоŻ죬ɱ졣
֮䣬ӣ׶ĿĹâп쭶𣬱Űƺɨ˷ڳ˫Ӿͣæɴӱܡʮ֮ĸʿɫ䣬һʹֶ֮ܳꡣǺ֪㱣ãһͷը죬һңȴֹסɴ˫ۡ
ħۻ룬ͱˣĽһİƣ粽á߾ֲ£һʱѷʤ
ǺǣŰӣĲЦɢͻȻſ˫ۣǰ͵һӡ
״ŰǵһɫɣΨ۹Գִ̧һ־
ڰâԣħΪ֮ʢǴȴʹ߼֡ͬʱɢԴ㵣ŰɫءϲͣԷӳֻͨǿѹԷһͷ
ΣԶΧ۵ʿȻѣһʧ̾
ѷָ¡
λǰΪڵĸˣΪ޼
λǰƴΪǸ㡭
ǰײ˽֣ƴ
ĪˣҿС

Ⱥ֮һ˫ȴͬǾȲѡΪ޼ɱ֮ɢʤһŰǾгѾõʤڳ֮
λӳͨľȻڵԪ֮
ʿ޳Ԫ֮Ϊ벻Ԫɡ֮أԪ٣ΨɾѰɾһ;
ɴ˿ɼɢŰڵԪ֮ס֮ǰĶƾˣ˴ȴδȫʱȴǶڵԪ֮㲻ƴҪΪ
ԪӤڵʿ֪ϧǰȴ
Žһסȥλֲ£սλ˶
빫񻺻ǰɣֱŰӵĽͣ
ⲻƣɢ˲м䷨ħʩŰӲаֵĴ⣬СӦԡ
޳һԵĹʹ˸ɫԷ׻⡣תɢ˵ƵѣҰ֣һԡԼϷ״ȥһʮԶš
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Ϊվ˵޶⣬ȴ޶δ棡һʵƵѣΪΡ
ɢδ𻰣ȴԶһŮӵŭ߳
ޣھԭɽӶﱻײҪɱڡһŮӽ첻Ӧеصز飬̧Ҽʦͼƺ֮ġ
ŭһߴǻŵĵð˳ǴŮӵɤŰߵʦ棬Ŷ
ľګƤһ۹ȴȻ


758 Լں
Ŀ֮£һŮӵǻʹĳλ˵ĶУν籯˼
ںԵطִ˫Χߣʮˡǲ࣬ȴԾݵĸš
ͻȻһɻ󣬶ȴƤڣͷϣǸ״߻һ룬ѻָŮޡòˣȴԴϬâ̱
һǰȻȥӶ֮޺죿御ɥ԰ڣǧδ֮УҾ֮ҡһݱ粵ŭ֮߳󣬻ɫȻ˵ʦӣӵһһŮϧȴΪЩ˻ʬᱦĵѶ߲ƽڴ˹ֻΪؼԸҾݺ̺塭
ֻ̢޵ĶУȴǺ˵ʱڳһˡ֪⣬⡭
ڳˣ֮֮һɫ졣еȴ¶Ȼ״ǵǵǸ߲ɼΪƷеƶɣνĸˡ
ޣ۸ͽ۸ƣе㡭ɢս֮ʱأˡ
⻰ˣҳԹѽᰡ޲ĵ˵ƵѣһСɢ˸Ըߵ붯ֱҪϻıҹ
ɫŭôǾȴ㲻ѵ⣬Կ֪Сǳ¶ˣˣʵпѱ硣
֮£޻׿˭Է˫죬һлȻȫ˷ǰĬȴ޴Ž⣬ֻתŰӡԷƽ⣬˵ѣҹˡ
Űӻδ䣬ͻȻЦ
Ҫϻ۸ˣӡ˵ɵģɵҲģرȫ֮ον
ں֮£ɢĲԶͻȻðӰһ£ֺصĺۣѪɫ䣻һƣЦ
ʱǡôǸ״ŮѳûȺУ⡭ǣ޴㵣漴ʿɫԶ֣˵λѣұȰ֮⣬ȴϡ
ޱ˵ȰܵģȭģȴǰǸŮӾɢ˵ͽᡣŰνĹˣǱ˴˽֮⣬иҵᡣ˵꣬㱻һЦϡ
ٺ٣ȴϽͣαĲʰɢ˵Цоֻһת˵ΪŶžΪ
һԵī븽͵빫ʱƣҪҡ
˵֮⣬ŵĳԹԼҵ飬˲֡ȻīűҪֹҪ´ң㹫ޱס
֮Ļˮȴڲ֪вɫѿȴпԡȨֻ֮ƺ˻ȥ
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ĹѰȴһЦѭȥɵð£ԭ鳤룬˫Ŀ΢أ۲ĲĬĬ¡
Զɢī뺮һ䣬˵λʱ֪ȰҰ֡
ٺ٣ˡɢƤЦⲻЦػһ
ī뿴ųŲµΣͷ˵֮ΪСĸ񣡶һ۳ԶΪݼơ
ڴʱͻȻЦԶ
ǺǣīԲһңͬҲٸꡭ
˽ѭȥֻһðӰֱΪŵӣŵٰŵİﴨ
ͬΪ˵ģȴò졣ﴨģֹŶȲ׶˲ӡ
֮ԶӿһȺӰǸŵĵӣԻܡʮĵطâɱǽֵĵأѷᡣ
˾˰֮ʵ̼Ŵҡڳļλͬͷʾ⣬ɢŰ˵֮㽫λѲҰ֣ǰһԵ
ԺΪλѻ˼һ·ͬﴨֻøŸһ䡣ȰͣȴΨ²ҡһԵǸ׶Цζ˵ҵ뿴λѷֳ
ݵĻʿڴˣһ˼졣
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Ƭ֮Űӳһ˵ӣΪԵֱ棡㷽ȣԼں󣡡
Ŷһ˵л뽲ڵ棡
Űһʶ漴鲼֮ڡҪɱ˼Ȼڣƽϡ꣬תԶɢˣָ˵ȻԵΪأҵȽ֮󲻿ִƣҵšʱҵ빫ŵλӦսλԲɲִ£ӸҪ⡭
˴Űתޱ˺һ˵ĻᣬȴǳȴǰһΪȻЦŰӵѵĻе
޵۹һ˿ɫæǰȥҹŹˡ
Űת˵ҷԣ֪λΣ
Űӵֹⷬǳԣڳ˾ȻΨɢںٴηѶһսʱšīһټϾϲţһҪԿ˹ţֻ»ǱʹԼԷݡ
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Ű΢΢Ц£˵ƣȥ˺ԸҪЮ֮ԣȴ֮ʱиڵʿڶӣڳĻû˿˳
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Ƭ̣ɢ˳ŰߵһΪڲԹֻԵ
ŰӵЦɣ۹ȴͷӦʣǸɴ˵һΪδ䣬תﳤȥ
һΣ빫뿪ڳûӰ꣬ϵӸɢȥֻһԭء


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꣬ȥ磬λƴĻ˱ôˡһ˷˼ȴ֮Сݵİֻһּ󡭡
ԶûӰһ£ĬĬһƫƧ΢΢˫ۣʶķԶ
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żһɢһһ˴ţµȴ徲һ߲ͱڣֱʿۼڣǰԶƮĪ硣
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񲻹ʮɣͬǵһԴԽס˺羹Ȼǿֻո
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һգӿʿһӰɹһһʶɨһأԻȻٲȻһСµɢޡ
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ޱӽϵ֮㳷ȥ·ڵĵӡûڵıҪһ١Ϊ߷߽ӣȴ޿κΡˣ֮ãԼҼȻǲɢˣŰͬͬ˴
ȴΪ˽ʡڳ빫ֵļƣֽΣö֪
ŵĽˣӦŰ֮ʡԴԸŵɢˣδû⡣֮£ɢͬҰ֡һԳĦȭ֮ʱǸŵ಻ʼįŵֺй
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һתǰɣֻǧ֮һ쳣Գ£ڿն;мٰһУΪ׵İﴨ֮⣬ŮĿԶԶرܣǰȥ
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Σһҡͷ麣֮ʱʿǧ֮ڣԽš֮ص˴ĲɣֻٶλоȻݼŵ塢ʮΪݵΣǼʮ˲ȡ
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һԶ֮⣬ȴǽ˵ĻΪʦʱָӡѭһϢ仰ǰ
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״µԾԾԡŰ빫񡢹ȴδŶԭصȺ򡣴ٰҽ֮˲Ŵµ롣
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Ӧŵ֮ʱʧȥӰԶȴԭأλŵԪӤڳϵǰɫϾɻ󲻽˷ԸıӣҵȻ󻼣λͬУгڻˡ
Զδûκεıܻ䣬ֻǵƳԶһ⼸ɢޡ԰գһһʧ֮ڡ
һҰ£ЩɬּŰɱ֮죬ʱȴͻȻеһ̤ʵ
УźδѴ֮õ˲أùԹ˲Ͼǰհˡӵı㣬Լһִٳɣ˭˵أ֮ν˲ȸں󡣶Լֻȸ룬ʲô
һף׿ɢԶǷһɫɡδеһ˾תȥǻµļ˻Եᣬ̳˽ߵĺ
Ƭֻ֮һһˡ˶񣬽Ų̤ǰȥ
ɣһеһǿסȫԲ죬㱻Ǵһû
ǰһתصһδվΣһεĽƻȻ֮䣬ʧȻ޴棬ֳԭΡ
һͷһæĿֻݵʿδԶȥڲԶϥɣڴ˿뿴һ졣̴ڰţ֯죬Զ㵲ѣҡͷŰ˫˫ɫһ


760 ע
һ֮󣬻δܵĲͬĿֳ֮˱Ŀû뵽ɾĽƾȻáΡ׹Ϊʱ
Ǵ˵ԪŨԵʣݸŵʿδæԶȥǸһطɵϢһ֮ת۱һһˣʱһƬĿ⣬ϳ
Сӣ˴ˡ
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װݵֵѡ
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Ȿ׶žɾ֮Уȴڴʱ졣
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һ滺̬ݡ۹ӹˣӵһ٣㵭ȻתǰδţǾƲȥԶ
ֱ߳ȥһԶһĽºһ٣˫üбʮ֮⣬ƾնһȻӰͬʱǰһĳ˵·ǹ£δѣԭأڳһĿ
˵һҵűɱ֮ˡǵסȥ·Űӡ˵ȳ˲һ䡣ûӦתһЦСӣɻǵóμʱΣ
ģһֻѣʮ֮Ǹ뷢Ұ׵ݳߣǵɻⲻ˽յ·ꡣһ˫̧֣°ͣ˵֮ǰµ
֮ǰҹǸСϣи˽ѵ˼µŵӣһԴ⡣ݸ麣֮ʱ漴׮£ȴϱ˼ֱѰͷϡֻ˳ֲˣ
Űһ˵һԵš
һ㲻ܣӭŶԷ΢΢ǡֹԵԵֻǲǳ϶ԵʣԼ̤ɵһ·˾ݣңԵڣƣΣ
ʱϷһأȴɾɱʮλݵĵӡСӣԹ־ܣһҲӣʬ޴³Űӻ䣬ɱɭȻ
Զ˽һһ˲ԪӤСɵΪնɱôͬŰӵĻǼ٣ֵһ
ߣСӻɱŵӶˡһ׹һ漴û˶Űӳ֣ʵٴֻ֡СӵĶд£ǡʱ
λ˵֮ͬ£ɣȴһȻѡɱôȴȻǱɾһǺͷ
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һԵĻ˵ʦ棬ǻСӡ
ɢ˺ǺһЦɫ
ٰһﴨ΢㵡һ׷ɱһ£֪ȴδϡ˾׺˹ʵ⡣Ե֯ɫУɵҡҡͷ
ޡɢˡīˣԲԣֻĬĬעŲԶΡһȴһȲѡ
ɽ۵ϣһǺһʱŰľֹΪ֪ôˣɾ֮Բ֪Ȼͬʱ˵ţ붼롣ݵʿ
أԶ˼ϤһµĴ֮δ㵣ӾһһԵԶɫһ漴ܰʾ⡣
ʱһϾ˼ΡԻڵŰӣԽĸɽɫ̹Ȼ޾⡣̤ɵһ𣬱ע˽յⳡ١
ȴǧĽڣǰֻһ·
һ䶮ãȴδͷħֵ裬ʹ˶޿ɶ㡢޿ɱܣֻƾ˫ȭȥ˫ŲȥʹȻʹһ·̤ȥպ˭סҵȥ·
ŰӵҪЮһ˵϶޳ԹȴƣҲòɫΪǰȴ޶ˣĳ׸Ҫɱң֣ܶɱңձص
һĻȴûһ档һǰֱΪ϶պ󱨳ĺԸһʱ嶯Ƕһ·
ŰӱϻȴΨţņ˼䡣˭С֪η༥޴档ǺЦͷ˵СӣȻϷһǡ
ЦδֹŰһ֮£ͻȻӶ˫䣬Ԫ֮кһεķ籩Ȼʮһ
һĸˣȻĳһԪӤСˣˣʹԪ֮Ƕ˱ɱ֮
˹֮ʣ͵ŵûʧɫ֪޼ƿʩæ鿴ɢˡԷΪɫ糣ŮӼֱţֻһԶ
Ⱥе֯ε̾һ׵ʹɫȻ֪ΪΣͷһĨ㯣ǶɾȻ
ѻȻ裬ɫɡֻһԭɫ壬˫͵ػһƬĻӰӡ㲻ϵһڴɲǣħӿƾˣȻŰӲ¡
״Ӱݡʦֿشˣ򡣶һԪӤʿŰӵĶ֣ͨ
ŰӶ֮ʱһеγ֪͡ְֵĽҡͷΨһ
ݶ룬һȫʹħӤ֮䷨ʮʮһ˵ӡȻһ
СƲŰӲΪȻЦһСƴȫֳĶӶһֻƣǰһץڵΪ֮һ͡
вŰʹɱֻ֣Ȼһ죬ŰֻһɴСĺɫ޸ƾʱܵԪ֮ɲǣڷХСɽһĸͷЮ֮ƺȻ


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Сӣҵ㻹һСӰ˿סӶȭͷԵɢȻ֮ɫתϲħͨǾħͨħˡ
ף˽Ʊ鲼ɾǻһԿɽءɢī뻻˸񣬱˴˽Ȼѡ
һԪӤСֶΡﴨ˼ĵ֯ȴͷҲֻ̧Ǽͷᶶ¡ŮӿǸڽӡ
СӲֳħޣһʵףǻʿҪ˱֡ɫ֮࣬̾
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ǡڴʱðŰӵӰδֱ׳һâϮȥ
һʩչݷԶȥ֮ʣŰ֮ʱȥӰǵɫĹâһ㵽󣬱ɱ
ŰӣһѾõĻǰˣ̧־ƣ¡ӣߣ಻ˡȫһЮ֮ƣֱԶ޴мܡһһԪӤʿһս֮£ȴһսֻ֮˲䡣
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һӶ֮ʱŰӳûֻ֣ɫһȴڼȥȣΪʱóȻսǰĪֻҪһζѰ
ųһľ޸ȴԽշ磬ջӲ³һСѣҪ뻯ĸ˶ڳ˵ΰˣ
ת֮䣬ŰɫâϮһĺĴֻá顪һ죬ƾͻȻðһֻС񶦡ҫĿ֮£䵲סǱɱһȴ˼ѷ죬䡣ʮ֮⣬һâȻһĵӰŭĿס
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Ű̧һСٿȻСת۳һƵ壬Ϊ졣֮䲻üͷ˵³ķ壬СӵУìкβͬ
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һܵŰӵ˼ֳ֮󣬽סһ񸡶֪䲻ݻҵٴ־ֻʩչƿնݡʮֻһȥ
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δйһ̸һսһͷȻת˫üͫѪɫڴɲǣһǽ֡
һ֮ŰӲҪɱСӣȴһƬѪӭ㱡һһ漴ѹСӣ˻ɫһʧŭȵ𽣣ҵŵĽ𽣡
ʱ˿̣һֱͻȻһ˵ס֣Ī˴ǰԼ
ֱŰӶȥ塢ʮλݵʿȻɢգۼ㽫ݵĵʿΧ⧲֮£ȵŵӦ䲻ʱΧ
䶸𣬾ݸһƬҡ
Űӻ׿ȥɫŭٰ˲֪룬īŵӽԼŵĵǻס˹ţ˫˫Ÿáˣӡɢˡֱµ˹
Űӷгһ޵Ĺâɫ䱸ת֮䣬ѵ˰֮⣬ȴһ䡣
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һ٣ŰֺɭȻ˵˸ϵ裬¹ش󡣵ߣУŰԸ֮ʯ٣ϧΪҪɱһǻһС
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Űӻδ䣬в߳ھ֮ϣ˻֮ԴˡڶԷֵһɢͬʱѣԼһڹһ⣬ֱϮ˶֡
ӱ۱ǻһõȭӰֱӶȥŰâһ£ٿȻӭɢˡ
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ݵǧʿеĲٶˡѵһδͣƬ̱ҡ
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ڴɲǣŰӵķѼϮӡɢ빫ͬʱ֣ԪӤʿ׷׼˷
һ˫ԣȻ˫ۡһɵĽâȻʼ
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һڻǰ´ԪӤʿ˾׵ֶΣǽĳǳﻯΣкηֱ𡭡
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ХѲŰӶ롣ѽһԺ󣬼æʹԪͨӭȥ
顪һ죬Ԫâɢɽа㵹ɣǿɱӿŰתƿնȥͬʱڳ˾ԻȻʩչֶԭءһʱ֮䣬ȥӰҴܡ
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֮䣬һȥضɽҡһȻըŰĿ֮ϯȥֻݣǡһ죬ڴ͵һҡΣʮɸߵȻʧ
ٴڰҡͷβ֮£η
ۡδһѪ˳֮һм̵ֻŰӣ֮ǰһǰǱҰ׵ĺմȾѪ»԰׵أԴŵ顣𽣡ǱڵԼɽ
ǧ֮⣬ԶһʧʿϴˣȻΪ֮ǰĻս¡ʱûƴɱֻΪǾһȻʧ񡭡
ŰֻԼ赲㱻ˣڳ˼ܣ˵⣬ȴԸеϢƽ񶯵һ֮ǿ˹һ˭˿԰Ȼ
СӣȻѡ꣬꣬ҿûб̫ӶȺо겻ѣԳҡ
֯Ȼδȴ˿ΣΪȣǿжǰȻȴָΣͷ֡ͷϸŭ֮ǫǫѱһֵҲǰȻӰһ˿ϲ
ͷһʧڵƤһ鴤ͻȻЩȥͬţɵ⡭
ԶʶһĿἰһӤ죬֪޸ͨǿ󣬿Ϊ˷ŵһĿɿڴֲʦʦԶӴ󣬴˱ؽݡ
Ī֮ʱûԸǿʿ㵽һԡľګɫһΨо˸̧ͣͷ۽ĽתˣͷֹסһĬɼرе߾֮
ɢīˣɫ²ɢ𾪹ȴɻ󲻽⣬СӲħ֮һ֮ħ˫޲ɣ
һռϷĻս֮пʼȴ֮ʱֹ֮࣬ӲδʧΪ֮һʦԲдԵԼˡֶߣֻʱƣΪռһȻδǿΪ֮ŵǰ㣬Ļɾ˵ĻԵ
ڳôˣ˵һһ˼ʱһֻһŰӡ˫üбƣſǹһĨЦգ˫ֵĽٴλͱˡ
һķһδûӶݣǽת˲֮䣬һҫ۶ĿĽɫâ𡣽ʢ֮һ裬ֱ̤񷡣Ǻڷ޷Զ˫Ѫһ丩ʢ˵˵Գɱҵ˲ʮ٣ʱգĳڴˣڴˣŰӡ
һ٣һſ̬˵ĳΪɱΪɱ𵤣ӤʼնԪӤڵĸ֡вǣĳûɱһĸˡŰӣɸҵԸ˴һսѪҳ
֮ʿȴδֹôһŵһˣһԪӤСɵʿѣȴָҪɱһڵǰ֮ܣҪöԷѪǻʱⷬŭʱȴ
˿һž׵ĴͨȻ뻯˱ȼĴڡôһеĸ֣ʢоֹڳˣʵΪ档ܷɱһǰҲڴ٣ɢ֮ΪΪܡ
Ű˫ĿԲؿڼմѪĳɫһ콻ӣ߳Сӡ
ʱܹ޼ɵ裿ǧŰӿνļ̣ϲŭɫȴڴʱƲסرŭˡ̧һУǱɳȥķٿȻԶɻءղӰһζǰȥ·ޡ
Űһ͵ֹסΡӡɢһſǰʮ֮⣬ɫƣ빫ˣȴīɢ˷ֱԭأһʱ
˴ʿת۷ֳ˵ңֻаﴨһ⡣ڳӣһš
Ǻ⡭Ű²⣬ȴŭ򡣶ǰ˲˲ãе̧۴ǽ𽣡ζضЦ˵ʿɶֹ̲˼У
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δ䣬һâһͻȻƿռݶȥŻһȴ˵߱ߣްס׹ʱӰѵ߰ǧ֮⣬̶㲻ˡ
ƿ֮ŰӲȻʧ


763 Բ
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Űŭӣȴסȥ·׷ϡСӣưˣϷĶ֣֮ʣֵÿͷ˻Ҫװģʵɶ
ӵ˸ӵĿɶʲôŶʲô塢ԹԵһ˵Ĺûʣ޷ǿΣųƺӣǸͼˣ
ֻСӵѰʦŵӵ䣬λŴңΪΣ˺ƤݽʹաﲻҡŰش˿ڴŹעһĿ˵ӡ
ǺǣӵһЦɫת䣬˵ִΪҿɷѰҪʦֳӵأ
Űɫһʱᡣ˵һֱʦ䲻ţҪӵʣǵ㡣׮Թȥǧ֮ãȴ仹ûಲֵĵزȴʼڰŶԷ
꣬ʦֳŵӵ˽ȥ֮Ψʦֶһ˷أȴԹһпرܡɾʧȥټԩͷծƱˣ˵ȻҪһ겻ٵС£Ҿᡭ
Űӳɫȴӵѿһ۶׷鵽һʱ֮԰ɱֱ³Ȼʧ֣ȴǻ֪СӾȻĲʦֵ֮࣬Դ
ɾ֮գŰӹȻֽѵһʱ⣬Ͷʯ·֮١ӵ˲δΪ̫ļƽϣֻһСŵĵӣŲԼ󶯸ɸ꣬뵽ԵɡʶνɱŹĽڣ˺׷ɱϡ
ֻСʵӲ׷ɱŰŹǧѷĻᣡ俴ֻ׷ʦֵı˷ɾ֮УпΪ
ŰΪȫأ㲻ٿԴԸʱʱ֪ˡ
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ֵʩչĶݷ쳣Ȼƿ֮ȴԲһһԪӤʿֶΣʵ˸߿һۡ
˴ʿ֮ʣ˵ѭȥﴨ̬ݣ׻õߣ·Կɷʧߣս·СλֵѵĻףȴϴ
Ⱥ֮У֯ɫ΢㵡ʦϲ£ȴΪڴʱվ˳
ӴԶջʶȻҡͷǵСӵĶΪƽֺʱϰƿ֮ȥʱεһ¡ݷСŮӵͷһס漴޺޵߬Сȭͷ
ƣԲףɱ䣬ʱֹաڵԶɣʧߣԶɡﴨŲӣԶɣԶɣ񲻾ֵѷԡ
ﴨǽŹ˵Ļ˵Բɸı䣬ɱʱⲻͣͣõˣȥﶼܵʧˣȥﶼǴ·ͨ˾ⷬпЩá
ŰɫһûܹӣʵѣĪҪΪУ
ﴨѲҵ֣󣬵ҲƾСòȴڴʱһ䣬ʱǵɫһ
״ﴨͣ½Ų̧˫ᰴ£Ц˵λ˽ֺ֣οգתӣȰ˵ҵֻΪԵ֮ǰԼ

һȥӰ׷һ͵ֹסȥơʶȴǽϣڱԹ
ƴļƣǿľͷļַɣϸôɱķ֮ʱСȴһǹˡ
һΪȻƲƲ죬Ŀǰ
뵱꣬սˣ޵У˵ɱˣɱֱѪȾգرɫôȥˣ֮ǿ󣬺òһʾֵĻᣬ²ȴֶĳ
ǧ֮⣬һɽεضΡ벻ռز°ζֱ񷡣
֮һ΢΢ݡ
ǱǺɽֳ֮Ϊɽ
Сӣ˵ءᣬˡ
ԶƬ̣һǰȥصȫΪͨȫɷնɱŰӡ
Ǹɴ˵СΪ̫Ԫδɣ磬ʹЩҪɱһζܵŰӣʵס
ԣһΪȻص˵ͷһ춯أȴ޴շģʵΡΪԪ񲻳ɣħӡʩչӦеĪ˵Ըȥɱһˣʱڳڵļƣյ⻹ҪȥľΪԳֻ֣»һΣ
ֻǰĳһĸ⡣٣Ƿӵһ顣
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˲δĻȴеһ⡣
ĻҲŴǰɽѹһ͸ǳŰӣǶԼмӵӣһ޴ԶηηΨΨŵŵֱֱֻͦһС
һսŰ֮оһ֮
Сӣ˲갡ЩΪ̤ƾݡ
ͻЦһ㵡ÿԼݿɱ֮ʱλԵܡ֮ԷΪĳƶ졣꣬Ц׵ó߽̻壬ҪҪȡ
ϣһ䣬мسƨٲ꣬һδ˯ѱûˣŪȣ
һεҡҡͷĻȴԼҵĵԷֵԼˣԷɣǵߵһС
˵˶ȼɶȷ˼һ߶һ䡣
ߵ˼˵˼
Ϊβ᣿üһһʵ
Щͷ˵ǲᣬ˵
һһЦ˵ʹһȴƣ̬ϲɺأ
ɤһߣ˵ˣ˴Ԫ棬Իڽһ
˵ŻĹһٴηΣ


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һɫĸһɽΡΡʮ֮⡣֣Ī⣬ֹ
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Ƭ֮δ쳣һǰȥ֮䣬κһһбʯ֮ϡͬʱŨΪԣԪֵЦû˶
ؽƵԵɣֻǺ£һεظȻ٣֮£ʹطС
վΣһڵʯףɽһһžǰǧ֮Ľʤ
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һ̧Ų֮ʣȴԳɣ˳ʯס֮ɲǣһᣬ̤նٴĿ
ӹɣֻ̤ʯ׵ڣǧظѹϣ˾ٲά衣ˣתٻʶǰ
ɾڱ鲼ƣ˴ڸǷǱѰټĺֻһŲɣ
˼Ƭ̣һѭʯ׵ıԵַȥ֮⣬һ٣΢΢üּǰͣͣʱַ֮صԭأĴ㵡
źһȦʯ׾ͷֻһš۴ӺδȥŶƴδй仯ֻ˽롭
Σһ˼⣬óһö鿴⣬ϵͼӦŵӡвСš֮صкڵϸͼ⡣
Խš֮صʱȣͼδ϶ó⼴Ҫĺ˵һͼ֣ʵȥٵ鷳
һ֮һɫ⡣йţͼֻһ仰ĸ;ʼ¡
תһ˼֮ǰ˵ΪŽ硣ǧ֮µһʯΪڡ͸ϣֱΪ硢ҫ硢硢硢̫Ԫ硢޽硢̫޼硣ÿһַΪŲ㣬оžŰʮһ㣬ǬĪ⡣
⣬֮ڣǧ˵Ľ޴ڣʹþŽָвͬ䣬вøٲ³в˵Ŵ棬ݴ;þݵʿ֮͡νԵ棡
һٴΣſ³һڹǬ䡣޲̧̤֮ʯףȥ
⻷ƺʯףһ߿ббֱȥǧԶƻֺꡣ䣬һµһܲۡȴڷԽһɽһ㣬ɫضĳ
ÿһ̨ףؽƱһ֣˲ת֮࿹ǰһĽʱ֮󣬲߳ٶԶɵͣ㵲ѡ㣬ͷҪľȫΪ
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˼һʯģ̇ͷ£üһŲ
֮һʯ׵ĸߴڰ֮⣬ȴ˫ĿԲ񸡶ѳ֮סֽͣõʯ׿޺üͷ
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һŤͷ󣬲޵ƲƲǡ֮£Ѱʿֻԭ·ˡȻֻǡԼֿȭһ⣬ҿΡ
Զ˶һ˫ȭգĹһž졣ûΪҪƾǿĽٲ̨ס꣬üſı뺷̧֮ǰȥ
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֮ǰͬʱһһ̨̤ڵĳƺֱͦ
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ٽԪ֮ŨӤħӤ֮ʱϷŹԪ֪䣬ӤھǶһ˿Ī
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Ų£һһΣǰͷ͹ԣճһ㵭֫ǺĴ첻ϡ
ٴʮɣһĽЩģ΢΢ͣȻǵǿ֮ĩ֮ǿǺȴ˷ļӳֶԲ㡣ٽؽ֮ǿ䲻ܡ
һҧгݵ˶ʮԶĳѹ˵ϡһĵ̧ͷ˲ϸܵĺ顣
ǰұ㲻Źȥʮɣ˿ڴһѵֱĪ֮䣬ͷһʲôü侹һɷ
Ƭ̣һǺıȻֹǵɫļ½һǿɲԴԴ꣬һɫӰ⣬ʱʱ֡΢΢ǣصΪ֮תϵĺʧ
֮ǰͬӰ̬ɢŹŰɷֵ֮һɲǣӤ֮ʱ֫ٺһȻ˫ơ
ɣһ̤׶ϣΪȽһǰӰʵ
ǾһСɶ׶ɫɷϮˡϻһɼĽߣ첻ؽǿ䶷־ʹһĽ´ࡣ
յĹһյ̤һ̨סͬʱظͻȻȻ޴档֮УתӰȥڡ
ǧɳʯףƾǧŰپʮżԽ̶̵һ̣ȥһաһʵףͼǾ仰⡣
ⷬҲãƾһͭǣںľΪ֮µȫһƴȻϡƶ֮ӤԼϣԴ߶ʹѴɵġԲħľ硭
һĶãڵΣһҡ˴ϡΪŨԪƮֹžһɿʯƺͷΨһߴŶڡ֮ǵ֮Ȼ
ƽϣһδŽʯʯ׵һϥ˼
ʱ֮УԪӤڻָӤһ˿ͬȴǳΪΡ


765 ۽½
ǰʯƺϣһϥ֮еʯѰʯͷŻ˫ۡ
ΪĸƷʯ಻ʹáɵϢʱһķǻɡϵʯмҪҪЪϢȥȴɫһ漴˼
һ׿Ŷüһ꣬ԭذȻתǰǧʯס֮΢΢𣬾ĿԶ
תۼĹ򣬾ŸӰǧ֮ʯǰ˴ʮɣһſԺ󲻾ãǸŵĵ½ӿٶδһ
ǾݵһʿΣ˴˼ǰӡֻΪ׵ľλȴɫ֪ʲô
һɣ˫Ŀ΢أй붨֮СǶ»ȻӣȴܵĶ
λѣĪֻΪԵ˵һ䣬ǰָ
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Σһ£ĬĬתȥķֻиŵĵӲСͬ˺
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Ҵ£ɫмת˵һҲռˡֻһ䣬ǲ֮ˡ
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ʾԼҵĴڣȴּĬֻƳ۽ԵŰӡľګ֮£Եء
Ͳס֮£Űƺ˵һֻ뽻ʦ֮ȥһм̣ҵŻȡΡ
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ֵѣ߰һȥλʿȻӿ졭

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Ǻĳ磿һóȻǰУδݡ
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Ϊ˱ӣֻ⣬µļλ˲δȥǿеī롣λīŵԽڶ鳤ȣ˴ĽƴͬС죬ͤ¥֮ѽɱ֮λֻСЩѭ浸أΪӦ޴󰭡
ڵĽƲһɲ䣬һ·߹أ̹;˵УΨīŵī뾫֮ͨⷬ˵԰
ɲǱ˴ǫõʱұһīѾӺָ㡭ɢкɢʶܣͷ̤СīͷӦʣǰһۣ鵹ǿԱĽƣôȴǡ
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Űӵͷ˵λزͺ󣬶飬ȱֶȥ

һҡҷһһͣѻס¡ͬʱͫĴָϸ;Ө͸йâɷ졣ƬƬҶΣȴƵǳ
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ת֣εҡҡͷ˵ƵǹŹ֡
ŰӳƬ̣һ˿Ǹ˵ǷŽԵʣǣ˴˴޷СӲԶе飬ٴ̤֮С
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˴Զɾǧ֮ãȴԪʧ̴档Ӧʱ仯֮ܣǣһȫŰΪƣȴ֪׼仹Ըһ˵˵䣬ī䷭ת϶һԲεֵ̣ɼҽ֮ףҪѰһ֮·Ҳѣλ˺һԣ
ͷһæһÿ˵طԱīʩΪԷ̣ҫط˵ī洫֮н̣ɼҽһϸ¡

䣬ŰӰʹһŪԵ֮û˼ֱѰ·ȥ
ɫʹɽʯ䣬ĻˣԪ뵡ɾ֮дУһûаֵ⣬ֻɫȻ
âСѲˣһֻ˵ɽּѰǰСͫͣתһɸߵͱڣˮ
ǰȥһ΢㵡֮һ̶ɽˮɽɹְز죬з賤Ұݿתǡý̶ߵһʯͤӵ䡣
ҽްһ̶߽ߡ̶ˮе쳣Ǵӳµʯͤȥɫɻ
ȥ˶ʯͤͣ״ӡһҶɼͤϸһ仰ֱΪˮȻȥ洦Ρ


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ⷨͨԼ棡һٴתǴӳµʯͤ
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ĴƱ鲼ǲľϡٴ޴󰭡һɾͼʾķѰһҰǰȥƬɽֵڣ֮ת䣬һƬĮסȥ·
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һͷ󣬲Űӵ˵ӰҴ⣬ԺƬ̣ż

ʱ֮󣬻Į߳һȺʿⲻٵһ˲ǾŴ֣Ըŵĵӡ
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λʦתȥŵʮλǰΪ֮˱ӵͽԶ
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ԶԶ˵֮ĲУ֮ĲޡҵһֻǲΪá֪㲻ٶһʩչǰ
λʦֲСԶͬŽ˼֮󣬱˴˹Ц˵ʦֵѵĽǳ
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ԶſԪ˴˸кΪȻЦǰͽֻԪӤڵΪʦƺʧ֮
ӺʵԶùһ𣿡
ԶɫЦ֮ǰһսĿá֮£û˴ùֵѡͷ⣬λֵѿνһսʦǱĸˣ
ӽһЦ˵СӿϰĹأ㻽һʦòҪȴǽںεء
ԶɫһЦҡͷ֮ͬ䣬ڻƣԷɫ⣬δʵвֵ֪Ĺ飬˵ҵȳʶ
һ˸źеĿʵλֵԳħޣ˲ˣСʦúʱйôһλֿѡ
ʦüȻֵཻ񣬿֪书ŶԹµĿԪ׷һ䡣
ԶЦºͣλʦִ֣ͬŸ˶䣬ȴһȻ˵ֵѣ˾֮ա

һɽסΨһȥ·
ɽ߲ǧɣȴʹΪһ塣ݲͨɫһƿգΪĹ졣δٽȵ˲Ȼֹ
פɽ£һ㵲ѡĮľͷȻôһڣһ֮ģ֮ǣ˻̻ȻѰ
֮ڣžŽʮһ㣬ױ㵽˾ͷ²ǲգ㵢ȥٱŰӵ׷
˼Ƭ֮һǰɽ¶ͣªʯ׽ϡ˲ȵƱ˵ﾹȻ쳣֮ͫ£ȥĽƽȣͨв޴󰭡
ɣһѭʯףһһȥԽһʮɸߵɽڣεٴͣüͷ
ǰڣһƽ̹ɽƺɵķԲ䴣һ޴ɫ¯ʮɴС˫㣬͹ӣƳ롣⣬ǵ¯ķġ֮ɲǣĪ֮ڱļѰ
¯Ȼ棬ɾеһнѱ棬Ϊ˵󹤷򣬼Խɽ;һԶȴ漴ѡ
ǵ¯ܾȻܵĽƷɽƺȻȴǲȥ·
вʣһһ鿴ɣȻѰɹеĽƼ϶֮£óöͼ
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768 ˭ҪѰ
˳ɽĴ¯ΪԶɼ֮Ϊ
ɽϼһȺʿȴ˸ǰ벽ʮ⣬һ˱Զλһʱ
ʶܼ޷УҵָΡŵڴΧһ˵Զֽ֮⣬ӵ˵ľϣڶ¯֮ϡ
ڳ˽ԴŲɫ̧ͷȥǸһ֮⣬޴ĵ¯ϿʲôԶʵѲ˵
ٺ٣ˮ޳Σ塣֮νӰڳĪӡ
ԶΣֻЦաһ·ϣŮӵı¡ԭ̽Щʲô˭һ֮ĩ˷ǱԷԼ⡣һ龫ֵŮӣʵͷۣ
һ۵¯ǰȻӰԶתܣ˼ԼһյĹŴ˻Įɽ·ŵĵӽԱ˴˴ȴ絽һǾλǰȥ˺δйش˵ص֮ͨڸŵĵ˵һ֪
ӵ˶Զҡҡͷȥͬڵĵط˴ʾ£һǵ¯ϵķɾ֮ڣڣԵڡ
ʱ󣬵¯ڵɽƺϣƵıԵŴŵĵӽһšڴʱ˻
ͬʦֵܴӵŵĻӣɫ糣ȴ̲ѡн裬֮СӲⲻǳװƣʲô
ǰб䣬æһͬȥֻһĬȻƬ̣չ漴һɲǣ¯ϵķһһɫĻ漱Ϯҵ˺ɨϢ͡
ΣΧ۵˲޶ݡȴһ赭дػӶ˫䣬ϮĻʱһ٣漴ĳΧŵ¯תǿϯȥ
վԾ㵲ѡ
ת֮䣬Ӱֻһž޴ĳ˰աеɫ¯âеҩɢɷ죡
¯֮ڣɵ
֪˭ʧһɤӣʱȺܡǵ¯ԭԶ˼ɵ¡ɵĪĻԵһר

ҽ֮ʱһҺˡһλŵĵѽ֮£ǰ˼ȴⴥ˽ơвӦ䣬Ǻշ˵¯ʱ㱻û˲ʬ޴档
ʱ˽Ȼȴһһһ
Ŀ֮£һλȻδȴڴʱָյȥֻá顪һƵɳ¯ĶҵĻͻȻըѸһƬɫĹâ˷¯ȴǽָԭ״һʱɽƺ쳣һа
꣬ɫĹâʧӰ٣һ߿ߵ֮էּᴩɽƺͨùڳô˫۾˾ϲƣ·С
ҵٴæӰһ˹ȥ
ڴɲǣһĻ𡪡
ǰһߣ
׳ǰӰȻס˽ŲͬʱɽƺϼžһƬֻ˵֮˻תɫȻŭ
Ȼ֮ʣ֮󣬱СһƲ⣬ǺôŶһǳ֮£˸ԽһСǶˣ
ŵȺУĺƤ鴤£ɫǼλͬŵʦܽǰĿ
ڵĵطԶַףɫ
ɽƺһ磬ٰŵʿһʱ̲ﴨĽ̻壬ǽԲǣŸû˴֡ġ¶ˣһУ˴ǴʱһԹۡ
Σڣȣ˵֮ڣηŴĸˣƴŰǰ֮ڣһ֮ͬڣв֪δӿǰԵλô˵
¶⣬һЦŴ˵е֮ˣʦ㣡ΪȻ񡭡
֯ﲻΪ˵ұ޵֮ˣմȾϳԵԸ˳壬̡
ԣŮɫ⡣֯ȴ΢΢һЦɫȻ

û˱ƽһת˵¯ǡ򷽲ŵһ֮⣬Ϊöϲ
סȥ·֮һֻĥĵ¯漴ĵ쳣йħӡǶԷӡ˲ͬѰĽ֪
ûöٹһǷдĦһ־֮󣬵¯һĶǰһƵķ϶֮£ɺٴᣬڻ֮ͫ£Ϥ˵¯ϰ
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ʮʽӡž䡰ߺ϶Ϊһɿ֮˵¯ϵķģԶŵĿػֻ֮붮еһһʽɽƺڵĻ֮Ѱһ֮·
Ϊʿû˲ÿػ֮Ϊһ֪Ĳͬ
Ӥ𣬿ƾķԲݡУרеĿػŲſﾡáɷ׻ȴƥĿػ֮Խ磬ʩչӦеסӡνǡʱ
֮һ־ھ֮ⷬǾŴ˲δŵĵȴ½˹
ԴˣһеЩ鷳ȴδ⡣۾ݣǾλǰ֮⣬ηκˡ
㣬ʩչδġӡһǴһͨ˼Ҫռ˵֮ȴǶⵤ¯˺档
ӹɣ⡰ɾʩ֮ʱƻõΣΪ֮Ĳѡڴˣڱ֮ܽΪãǸá
˴һ˫͵һӶ֮ǰġӡͬļ岻ߣԶȥȡεҡҡͷⷬϹæȴڳĳޡ
˰ȡҵֻܸɿţýǰֱ̫
šڵȺУ߳˼λ߷߲ƽŵӡ󻹸һˣǺƤĹƳһ۵¯ǰǸӰתŵͬЦŹ˵λҵй϶ȴ޷ЯͬԵǺǡ
˿漴ԭأипؽ˵ɵⶣԵٰҵȻ˴ǫãſɾзջ˽ͬ񲻾ִĻԴ
ᣬǸЦ˵λֵǿҪռŴȥ·֮٣˳䰡֮£ĳ˱վ˵乫Ƿֱλϡ
δ䣬ǰһ߳ߣԪӤСɵΪˣԼǻǰɣڴ˽֮£˷˴û
ꡭæžŵȰ˵˼Ҹʦһ£ɲǸһĴڣԡԷģԪӤڴɵΪִ֫׳Ʊ뺷ݺݵ˵ޣùŰǰΪҪӣһԪӤʿƸˣұڣ޳ܣĪˡ
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¯ɾ֮ǿȡỹطʽһ֪̰תȻĳ˵ƣȴЩͷ仰䣬Ǹŵһͣڳ˾һɫ졣
㡭һ°̧۹б䡣
ָգƤһתºͶʧȵЦ·ƽ˲ȣƽŭԹҲֵѼǰԾӣǿȴܶס˵֮ڰɣǺǣҲ˵仰ѣ͸˶ŭ
һﰵȴһˮ˾ٲνȴſ֮⣬ǸȻһЦʾԼҵΡ
ƵͨǰŵĵһԣֻĸŵĵӴĲޣأԲȴӻΪһҪԼδԷԼһ˿ʱŭûסһɣȥĸˣɾֲһУΪҪռ˴ҵȿ˰Ұо뷲׵ǿ
λֵĻλǰڣ˭Ƹˡ
Ǻǣ˲֪ߵغ񡭡
ռɾɡ
ߣδͬ
бɱһˣȴɱҾݵ֮ʿ
ֻڱĵڱԹ漴šŵȱҵĵӸ塣
λ²ס
·ʵá
⡭ŭǵòʧС
ǳںģֻ˸ͬܣٰŵıһ䡣ųڣ㱻˺ֹ
ʦԣ
Ե֯˪ɫ졣һʦôһֵͬҪͼԱ㲻üʹ棬֮٣ԾڴˣλΪ֮
֯񵭣ȴڰٰڵڼλʦ֡ɼŮӵǷͬһ㡣ⷬ˵λͬ޲Ӧʡʧԣɵɫ΢
ֵֽͷʢ˵ìͷֱָһЩʰ
һȴ޶ԣôȻţһֻ֡â˫УһĨ֮ɫ
ڴʱԶͻȻ̧ɤ˵ŵĵӣǷǡ󣬻ӸӵĲ߳λʦֵܣұ죡ѰɱֹȺ£˹ƻ󡭡
Ϊ֮һһȴͻȻȥĸˡʹ졭
֮ǰǸͷɫ㵣ȴֲ޵˵ȸӡ
˰֣һѭŽڵǰǽȸӵ˻һ£ɫʱϡ
ĵӹܣһĽ²ͣԳʵ벻Ѱ˵һաŷ̬Уȴͻأ˲ԡ֮ĹԶ֯ˣԼųָĸŵĵӣɫעȴ˼졣
һŷɫԶ˵ʮʱ˵ֻȭøֵռñˣС΢ߣΨҲţɽ̤Ͻ֮ұһδȥǿҪȴһδεѣԵɡһ٣۹ԶƮ˹ֵֻ΢ᣬֻҵȭͷӲ
ƵıԵһվ˵ôǳԵĵɽһұ֪ˣֱղ򡣶ٶһζһңֻǲٱϥΡ
Զɫһδ⣬ȴǰȲѡСӵĻвѲ²⣬䱾಻ͣȴԪӤĺڡ
һ۹˹ϣԷɫ΢΢һЦ˵ȭͷӲȻѲС˵ľ˵ĵطнǷǲϣҲԸִмڵ뱻ɱһת˵ֻɱˡ
Ǽλŵӵ󣬲˵㡭ɱüˣһ֮ҾŴŵĶ֡
ڴʱͻȻеͷݵúԣг𱨳ԹԹΪҪϾأֵѣžô˷ѡԽڶɫԵãתԶʵԶĪҪΪ
Զҡͷȴɫ˵ֵΪʿұӻΪѡ
ŽԲԸһΪУհšīҵӷ׷׸͡Զʱʺֵѣ
ݵʿŻһͬĳˣתۼݷ
Ըд㵣һŰٰŵ⣬۹֯һɨŮӶԴף̬ԶЦݣĪ⡣ȴǽһЦǼһƱ˴Ϭģ
һת˲ԶĹ˵ˣԲϰݣνִԲеһսǰԶԶ
ɫŭ޺޵һ۶ԷȴֱԶײٻصĽ֣Ǽܡһǿˣʤֻȡŵһ˿գޡ
һЩ빫ŵĵ˵δ뿪Ƭɽƺ֮ǰκ˲ÿ˴Ľƣһٶӵխ为Ʊˡ˵ˣĲ뱻󲽲ơʶһ˵ȫǶ֮⣬ȴ˲飬ŭ߳
ߣ㻹浱ԼǸˣҵΪҪķԸ
֮ˣǸԸȥȸӡʼգһδʵŭӣఴ಻סͷĻ
һüͷ˵ģҷɱ֮ˣȴݲ˱ң
˵ȴһĿƳͷһ漴һȴǲΪ˲ض˶͡
ȸƶȻһǣΪȻ˵ߣǆ£ùʦֵ˵󻰡ֳ̧һִһӣصķ𣬺ˡ
ͬʱһԵŵӣǸԷ֣ڽǰڿơ塢ʮˣǻʮ⣬ɫ䱸˾ٲضһȥ·ཫŵ˳⡣
ûȺУɽ¶ˮ
ĸŵĵӣǡöĵطһֻǰһ̼Χ֮С
ΣԶ⼸Ųδ
ԶһǽԴʿֿѵһ˼
ӽס߬СȭͷɫڴСӵΪˣƽͶ⣬ʵһ֮⡭
Ǳǣʲô֪֯ΪΣְ¡֮ɱϣ֮Ρ
⣬ŵĵһ档Щ˿һŵĻ˵ɣҪսͬΪ˲նɱ֮¡Ҫ֪磬ֻͨûôʱ˵صǿߣŵĵĪ
֮⣬ŵ޿֡
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770 Ұ
ԪӤʿΪɵеĸ֣ʶǱһ㡣ʹĵطͨô
ʶȸӵУһûʲô˵ġʦֵ֮£ս޲ʤԷɱҿ˭Ӯң
ȸˣ³˸ɴСΧơһ٩٩̸֮ȴû˶䲻мЦһλʦֵʹɫ
ǰ۽󲽣ȸӵϰ೤ȴϸ֮ϣһĹâѪȵɱ˵λͬŸִƴķ򽣡򵶣ͬڡ
һڽ֮УɣֻĺءʿΪݵԪӤ֣һʶǿԼĶ̴ʱҪɱ֮ȫˣЩ鷳Ŀ֮£в˵ᱻҵסʱ򣬽һƬҡ
·û˽ħӡɱ
һĪҪҵȼʶһĸֶΡȸЩȲˣٴγơΣŵҵӽŵҺһ˸Ц
һɫ䣬ȴǻɢһɷһɫӰ֮ٿûһڹǡɷ֡
ͻһ߶೤ȸɫһʾ⣬˶ʱӶ˷ǰ֮Ϊ·ֺĿɳ֮
һ̣˶˫֮⣬˽
һֱ̧𣬡ɷ֮ϺڹתŲæ˫ְֳǰһԴˣ䲻ΪȻǡ
ȸæȫʹеķŰɱסڵķԲ֮ء
һŲδ£Ȼһ죬գۼܳ˽ơеġɷȥƸһѺɫֱָǰ
ȸʦֵܣΪþս֮ˣӦеֶκϵһɲǣѻӶȥ
û˷ͨȴͭһչŵֵĺʱȸ˺һ֮£ֻ죬â˸ƾˡ
һ˽֮󣬲ܲ˵žͽһȥĵĹâȻȴ޴Ӷܡ
ʮ֮⣬ȺеĹ۹һתɫ
ʮ֮⣬Զ΢΢ȻأԾ䡣һܵɫ֮ڴ
֮⣬֯ü⣬Ǿһçײ֮ˡ
˹ע֮ʣļķѺ¡ֻá䡪һ죬ҫ۵ĹâʱûһӰ
һǺǡһе֣ȸ־ϲЦ𣬱ȻֹͬʱΧ۵˽Եɴ˫ۡ
âɢȥļͬʱڿյ֮ϣΧ֮ȴǲˡȸӵ˾֮ʣͻȻһɫĿ쭺Х
⧲֮£˽ɫ䡣֮䣬ǡ顪һ죬еͬʱϮƱնǲȺһ˳ȥ
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һ̣ȸӻȻ򡣶ԷһޣԼֵñˣ漴⣬Ƕ־ȫޣҪתиߺŵѡһ಻ҳǿα˶ȥֻŽͬţӵһ
ʮĹ״Ҫһӵϡ
ڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣһƶ˫âէ֣͵ؽеġɷݺ
ѱ˽ƣô֣ȸӱȣŵֲźڣ㱻һƬɭɭѪ֡ʱ䣬㱣ֻ⽵٣Կܡ
ֻ֮䣬ȸӶȻѹȴΪʱһһ´ɽһ㣬ŷɱ޴ӵ͵ƣڵʯϡԼۡһԭǿӣеԪӤ˷顭
һ˲˳Զκһ١֮ʱȻһۡɢؿһǸޱ֮ˣŵصͷȥһֻצϣѪ죬һʶԪӤ
ѳûȺŵʮλԪӤڶ
ǡڴʱͨͨľʬˤ˵ϡһϢϢȸ˾ɥ
ɱ֮һδֵͣȡǬϵķץˡɷһα˵˽֮ǰץŵǸԪӤȴǲӰȥ磬˫δȣɱδǳűĵĹ߳ģǰ
ԭҪûѵҵӣͻȻóϵʬֿɱɭȻһһʱŲŲ
λŴɵ޸֣գ۱ûѪ⡣ǸһʩչҪͨʱɱ쵶ն顣ɱ¾ԣǰŲһ
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Ӱ£СɫòͣСӣǹƶˣɾ֮ʱ˷ŵһƭңǿɶ񣡲ɱټײа޷ʦԸţʦ㻹֮ġ
ŮʱüʱԵ֣òԶԶ⡣ֿ꣬ǰȻˣ˼һԪӤʿԪδɣ޵÷֮
ǱߵһɱֳӮߵ֯ȴ²ѪȣֻǿתͷһȴĪ𣬶ȴĳʢ˵Ļ
֮£㱾ȴȻĵӣ˵֮ңȴš֮ңǺǡ
һȻһЦת֮УֱӴɽƺԶȥڴ˴ôãˣ磬ⶺ䲻ӰһμȺĹ˳
޶裬ŵĵӼӿˣȻطԸ˼λѵʬҵȻһδ˵꣬ɫһŵĵ£ŵֱƶȥֻеŵĵԭء
һ򵥵ǳĻҵĽʵ
ĺƤһ鴤ʵҡҡͷ꣬Щͬʦֵذڰ֣Ҫ˴˽뿪ȴͣɽƺϣ˽תԶӰٽ

˱鲼Ƶɽƺ֮һѭʯֱɽȥ
ǧɳɽԽһֻСʱӽǳϼ񷡣
ֻϼ֮ǰһƬãã
һСģһһף̤ƶȥ
Ī֮䣬ǰȻʣһɽΡΡԶ
Ȼ֮ʣһ󡣻Ұģ;ޡ֮ǰƬأѳΪ˲תĹȥ̧ͷȥ


771 ȥ
Ƶ֮£ޱ޼ʵĻĮ֮УһͰɳ𱳺һ˫ֽӡĿŨµľӿ˶һ㵭Ĺâ֮С
һ΢죬Ƕеٿʯмµǲâȥһ˫ۡ
֮⣬һŴִתϢķɳֱ񷣬һĮ̡бӳġӥ飬ʹⷽ궯֮УǻبѾõĳš
УһǵһʿŰⴥɾƣʹ˷ֿȴڳɽ˾ŴŵԪӤӡ˺ɱĸ֮ˡⷬѪֶδóϷȴסһЩĻ֮
һʱû˾һԶȥδã׷Ψֽ֦ȫ񱼣ֻѲҪ鷳
һ硢硢ҫ硣ΣѲϣȴÿÿΪġգۣȴҵ飬һ·֮£ŵǰⷽڣ硣
߲ݵؿ˰֮ãʱʱСģҪӦɾеĸգԭֻʣΪһ˴ǽƣߡû˷ΪûŵıǮȻյɫŻˡԼ֪Լ£ʵԸǿȥ
ʶһ˰˲Ĺ֮һ㲻ʧʱЪϢһ˭һգŽ󷨻ָ
Զǵ羭òϢǰûʲôһóһö˿ֽɾͼʾֻ봩Խǵ̵ϣɵִ̫Ԫ硣
ǵڣ׳۶죬ȴƵء
һҪŸ·ɫһ˸ȥ֮վɳԶ
ɳĮľͷð˾ŴŵӵӰ;⣬еĶʮ˲ˡһʮ˽ʩչһӰӼУֱȥ
˽Ը·æٰŵĵȣеŮӸͷ߱˵Ż
ֻ磬ľŽȥ塣ͬŵʦ˵˿˴֪Ϊ鰡֮࣬ӳǰȺʾ¡ŵĵӴڴˣֻжʮ˰ϡʶд˸п
ŮӲУ˴˼Ϊ׽е֯ȴǺЦԵϲͣ
¶ӻ˵ʦݵʿִ̫Ԫ֮󣬱ǰУΨǰԵߣŽ硭
ԣЩĵ˵ҵȷۣȴҪ̫Ԫֹ
¶ȡЦ֪ɣ˵Ž֮УΨ̫ԪɾֻѰһС
ɾĵرҰǣֿɵáӺʵ̫Ԫ֮ϣޡ̫޼磬Īɾ޹ء
⡭¶֪𣬱ɫߵ֯˵ʦ㣡Ҷ
ӵͷͣ˵ʦ㲻ʹ˷˵һ
֯λʦ΢΢ף˵֪࣬ʦǰֵ¶Բ̫Ԫҵȵȥ䲢ޱصıֻŨԵʣΪǰΪɾڡ˴ҩȵȡ
¶Ȼȴɫ⡣
һ֯ƽؽ˵νԪ֮ҵãȴڻǰΪ̫Ԫ֮ϵ羡Ϊڣȴһ˿һʴˣԪӤʿУ޴ƾ裬ǡΪΣ룬ŵĵӽԲԸյء
λŮ˵֮ʣŵһȺǰͷеĿԪվػСʦãȴʱʱΡһٶʿǲΨһ
λʦ˽ӲΪЦŵĺͷһɣǱСӿһءŰλǰ˵ᷴĿɳأò룬ѳ֮ƣΪǡ
ΪȻصͷֺõ˵ʦõλѣνıԣţʵգ
ɵһЦ
ʦЦտһԵĿԪ£˵ֵȥ֮ʣҼʦλǰʱ
һգһȥŰӡ빫ޱϵ˳ɽʱѪڣλңλЩ
֪ǰԭίδӱɱһ¶ŭ俴˵ħ޼ΪĲʤһһߣǿźΪˣ빫޺뵽һ˽ҪŸ·
ŰӲѲ³λͬ˼ȴҪǨŭš˭ӡɢ˵Ըա
ɫ⣬СһƲ˵ߣŰһʦ˼ҲԹǻʶӢء
ʶӢߣ֮ԵɣȴͬʮɴԶ˵˵ҡҡͷʶǰȥ֮⣬δĶ⣬ǾλֵѽԲӰֻȥ̫Ԫ硭
ɳ棬裬Զһٶ˷׷ֹɫء
֮⣬һķɳֱ֮񷡣俴ƻӿʵ򼱾תǡءķǣϸɳƿ֮ƾˡ
ԽڶѶһ㻤ǼϮϸɳ¡̧ʾ£˵˴˷ɳֳͨԪԪ̫ͨԪ硣֮ƣ״ԽõķС
δ˵꣬ҿ£Ƥˡŵĵк빫ŵĵӽԶмһˣѸԼ˷ıǰ
һɫʮλͬʦֵܣ·ִʱ˼»жʮλɾ֮ʱ˶ڣʱĵſνƵ˰㾳أһ˶𡣺ʦδʹ˽ԼΪͽþ˼ıˣֶΣȴСӵķֺʹȻգԸѴɣҽǲ֮ҷ¡
šŵȺ˷ɳ֮Уŵ˹ȥֻаٰһڻԭء
Ŀ֯Է£ʦֵ˵ƵķɳѡеԪȴĪ⣬ٻӦ䷽תΣΪҰٰŵƴɱǿʤֶΣȥδ
ⷬհǰ˺ʱû˵žԶȥЩвʡ
ʦ֣һԡ֯ü΢
æʦл޷
ԵأλͬŻУȥ⣡֯˵
ͷһתܺЦ˵ԵٴֻһءʦҲıϣʦԣ뵽ʲôæʵʦãǰУǾʹ˻ת
ԪӤڵĵеľ¶ŮӸǿ֯Էɫ䣬Ȼ˵Ϊ


772 һɳ
ԵɣʮԪӤڵʿδͬżǰУǾʹ˽ɢȥΪŽ磬Ե޴ڡ
ʱǵǰ˸ӰǴӰһ
ϸСɳѸ͵ķƿϮδһԻ¹â΢΢̧ۣͷ֮⡣
ɾͼƣɳͨ־磬ǬԳһʿ󶼸ʩֶν˴˴λ֯￴ȴмֵɫȰλ֮ȴҪżλʦһ
֮ǰ˵һԣһǶǻ˵Ķһ߲ˣҪôǴʲôȻΪμǾλأԭǰͷģ˵Լ󡭡
һٳɣײȫŷת֮һˮĹ⻪ѽͷβٴĿһǰһɱ˹ȥ
ֻɲǣĿɳ뷢ǿƺһȥƲٿһʧ˷籩֮С
֮䣬ǰһתһ͵ס˽Ų۵ĹâЩ˪ĺۼ˲ϸϸɳһǣ۶ʱָ˾ģƬȾ
ǵɳ谭׹мɿ絹ǽ˲Ҵ⡣һĳ֮£֯ƵԲ¿ɱ磬ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ңȻһ׻ˡһɫɳǽһ㣬ȴأԷתͣһڡ
ʮ֮⣬һռɵͨΪɳʯͨƣ޽ǣȴضۻ룬ôεضֹǧ֮Ϊ֣ѱߡ
ɫ΢㵣һ۹ǰƵĴŶȴްӰɴǰδ谭ȴеѪȴ
һüͷ붯ǰȴֿǵŵԡ֮ϵһʯ֮У֣Ԫŵ⣬ּͬһɳ绯УŽһ̫ͨԪ
仰Ĭ˼飬һԲ⡣ͷһ˼ɽþ֮УԵĵתľŽԼмֵİϡ
֮ӡ˳סȻͨͬԵãת֮֮硣ΨȻȴֱŵ̫Ԫޡ̫޼֮
ԭ˼Ƭ̣һΪԼĲ²ⲻ޵ԭȻνľת֮Щ¶ʱͷȴǶ˼ֵ
һűߵ仰ֺͿŽһ̫ͨԪΪβǾŽһ̫ͨ޼֮ĪǣĪǡ
һʱֲףһҡͷɲǿ˼ڤʱɻֻȥĥ֮Ѱ̫Ԫ磬Ҫ֮¡
һһĽһ㣬һƬҶϢص˵֮ǰͣ٣˴֮Сǰɫ΢㵡
֮ڹӰȴΪĿܵһȦõʯҡɷԲĵУǹŰʯݡԼߣ϶ֱֱͨɸߵĴ㣬¶ȴɡŴ˴ƽשϣȴһλȥʱʿ
ʬɥֵ֮ͬӦλ԰ٰŵʿ䲻ԶмŷƵĺۼö룬˴Ĳһˡλùʬڴˣֻûˣ˵ʱκΣ
һδǰܵʯң𻧣һһȥɵĴСһľңֻȥҿհˣ˴˵ľ֮šֻ̫ª
˰Ȧδʲô쳣һתʯݶȥǾʬĽԣǬѰһŷֽ
֮һ˼ؼΪӣһʱҳͽ׵ķԼķߣҪȥϵʬֻ
뵽ʲôһ˷ֽתָһӤ𡣻է֣˫ַɿһ֮ɲǣʮָۣһӡǰ
ӤɳԶȥһӡڷӳ֮£͵
״һָһ㡣Ӥ֮ըת˲һϸСΣʱȥһ±˵ϵʬ
ϰٰŵӵźΪ˻ҽһָƻ绹Ʋֹ֮Ӥ΢΢ӡǷĿɿ֮»޴֪䲻ܽޣȴ⡣
һתɵʯݣһԾ𡣴˿ʯ֮ϣΪȵ˲ȣ쳣ȥ
յĹһѭ߿ɳʯݵԪĶ㡣۴ǼǶʯеөʯȴȻһƬ
ԺƬ̣һ뿪ʯݣڶһפ˴СӦһĴ£ȴһ¶ºصʯڸԵñƶ졣Сƶ˼ʯ֮䡣
ǰһɸߡɿɽǰȥ֪٣ɽϣȴһ䡢ʯҡ
˺һתֻ֮صԭأ⡣ڵƬطһʮɵķԲȴǳ·ڣΪһ޶ġɽ
ǳ׼ҪѰͨһʯݣ·ڱѡһߴ˵ֻ
˼֮ʣһĵץǰءȻ룬䲻ɵƲƲǡ
װ˾ˣԼеģ
˻ͫһֱʯ֮䡭
һ֮һʯ֮ð˳ǰڼΪϤֻ֪ص˷ŵĵطסεҡҡͷ֮£ܱⲻһ˻ͷ·
ɣһ̤ɽÿԶԱһʯңտյʲôûСǰġʮɣѭʯڵ˸䣬һ֮ͣǰһģһ·ֱ
صޣһ˼֮ͫ£ƵĴڣʯ裬ʶԼԶδߣȡᡣ˴İң;˴
һɫһ̧ǰȥʮɣͻȻһʯǰͣ˽Ųת
Ǽʯ֮ϥһˣ۾ͻȻһ漴ֵѣ㡭
˴ʯңһªɽģɴСĵطһݵӡˣľɫ˵֮ʣüе᲻ȥ
ĬĬ˵ͷһԷҪڰ֡ɫһ˵ɽӣֵѡ
ԷϳԼһδ졣ɽӵӣŵȺУ仰ȴǽթ֮
һǰھɽɫ΢䣬ȴӶʵԵ˵ģ㲻ǰη˵һɫ̹ȻţԷ˿޸п˵ɱأ˵
üбһһЦɽһ֮λ֮ͣ¶һĨЦ˵ֵѾǸ֮ˡգҵ


773 ǳԹ
Ԫ֮Ϊʯݣŵĵִ˶ڣԩͷծŵĹ˻ս˰شʯˣȴΪ⡭ǾλǰԶ
һʱ֮һԪ㣬ȴڻζǸɽӵĻȻžŹκһԸŵĻᡣŲڰƲŴνѣĶпȴ޴ָ𡣶ǸԶ³ȶ⡭
һֱİٰţⲻ֮ꡣ֯ǲΪߵͬţȻи֮֡
⣬ǸɽӲԸһͬ뿪ڵʯңˣ°빦
ջ˼һǰڡɸߵһ޴ɽ񷶥өʯ¼âİɵķԲ֮ڣͬʯҡ֮ǰͬ˴ٸʯҽԶɡһɴСľʯ˴һ࣬ۿȥ岼һ㣬˴˼䷨ɭȻٲȻһʯ
ʯĬĬ˰ΣһأԲ䷨ݺύĴʯסȥ·ʶѰʯݵڡ
ˣ֮ͫ£ԶɼȱȫĽơ俴ްȴһòСмƽһ̤ʯ
һʯδ£еʯȴųͬķ򣬲֪󷨰ϣ⡣
һʯǰһ£һ˽ȥ꣬ɫ棬תǰڣ˼
ĵطϣªʯĴʯͷв֮ͬ£ɼƵʯƽ˿Բڴˣʱ̩ȻϢ͡ǳ׼һйĺõطȴϡȱԲ㡭
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߽һʯǰһƸϡĪϢѭžڵʹΪʡ
һ̧ƣԳ£߬ȭͷ͵ػֻá顱һ죬ʯͻȻһ㵭Ĺâ漴ǿϮ紵һ㣬𣬶䱾ȴʯأԻӱֱȭһΨüɫ졣
âɢȥʯϰȻ
һ˦һΪȻҡҡͷʯϰƣԼȭĲ꣬Գ˫ת˳ȥȴʱѰʲô
ǰʮɣһĽһ˫лͫ֡ǰԶһȱȫĽܡУѭŽƵķ϶״˹ȥȴʮٴͣ˾
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ʯ䣬һλ֫׳ʯϯض۴Ѫɫϻ߬Ű߳ǼԿֻţȴĿɱڡ˵֮⣬һ̲Ѫ֮УһλϳصʿǳأҲ̶á
һδ𻰣ǴŴ㵵鿴ҡⳡɱŹȥã֮ԼȴԴ˴Ķһ֪꣬˼תأѻȻ
ʯԳһһ硣ʵأ֮֮Զˣ˵˳û
ԭ㣡Ҫɱɱҵùϳһͷɥ˵һ䣬ȴץų֡
һת۹ߵϡԷƼأɼǳɱĲҡɫʵΪҪɱ㣿
Ļ˵ϷŹ侮ʯĴʱǴ˰㾳أκΡ
һɹȻһЦÿɷ˵ҲǳԹֺĳң䣬ֻҪɱҪɱˡ
ûгԹΪҪɱˣɻ󲻽⡣һȴһתʵδȥ֮˵ŵĵӡҽãᵶ
߻˿˵ߣŵӶΪ黫֮ÿ֮ʱʹˡɫһһ˵ǰڳɽǷҵ롭
һɫ䣬˵ͷ߳ŵϵʬ޺һڣ˵ǰұ˹ָʹ㶪˴˾˶裬
֮ɱ˶֣˵Ǹ𱬵ӣŵĵ໥ģЩ⣡
һƻ֮ԣôصѪȣһƲƲ졣ɱˣδõ飬ֵһƻ档
龪㵣æǰ
һʬ֮ȡ˷Ǭߵ˫ۣɫҡͷ֮˹ȥ˵ȥǶˡδ䣬ת뿪
ǬߣӶʧδæһıӰתʮɣɣֱ㡭
һһ٣δɣתȥ
״ش˿ڴ

һ˵δʯݣȴѰһССķ֮ǰʯĵ䣬һ߷ԲĹâֱϴ񷶥
ⷨΪ֮ãһԳƬ̧̣̤â֮Сδվѻض𣬼̶ٿȻʧȥӰڴɲǣһѺغݺ˹
룬һȭ˹ȥʯ䣬Ϯķɽǡײ˽ʯ֮ϣһ˳ȥһ뿪˷߳󵨣أ˫üһӹܡ
£ȴΪѪǽ壬洦ҵɱصѪʬ֮УԪӤʿȻǱҷ˷ʿɫ䣬Ŀɿڴ
ʶ˵֮һɵüͷԷֱšţȥ˾ǰٰŵĵӡʯ֮Уסһˡ
ǰΣһĿȻŵɱٰŵ֮ƳʯڵĽǡ˴ӷ㲻»ڡ
ͬʱϳһ˴ӣɫһһŵʿЩεЦЦִ˵ǺǣԭֵѣԼˡ
һü£أĬĬŶԷһԡɫ󣬷ֽŷ˵˽˴ȴ˵ŵ¡ҵȱ뽫سͣȴΪٰŵ衭
ҷɵʿţδصͷ˵ˡ˵ţתһԡǸŵĵӣŲ˵ţŵѣĲʶôʵһѵ
ŵĵǸӣԪӤڵΪһĬɫЦǺǣΪŵӣȴǸ֮Ƕ¼ͬŶȥˡżֵתʯ˵ֻƳɱ˴ˣõĺôȻֵѡҽݣһ˺˵
ǰļˣһһﲻţһʼղʱͲסȻ߳ǵƨԷЦϵңϵ𣿡
ǸŵӵɫѿȴŽұŲ٣Ϊ֤
һ棬һתɭɱȻ˵һϢ֮ڣȥߣ


774 Ե
㣬žʯѪʬ֮䣬һĬĬ
ٲ҆£ʿҴȥˡڵϵķʽֻһ֮ӣ
Ǹŵĵӱɨ棬Թ俴˴ͬΪݵʿ޹ƫˣˣֽںεء
һܲǼ˵˼֮󣬱˼Ρһʯڷ˰ߣǼʯҺһ롣Ϊ£˲ѵı֮
йīŵĽһ֪ܵĽǾ֮¶Ըһסңʩ֮˼Ѵ
ǰİͣն񡭡
ӻͫ˸һʵһ֮ǡ仰δ䣬һӬʯд˵͡
ü΢һٴʯɶʯȴУƶ̣ǿ֮ǰֳˡɷ
δ룬һ˫ۣ͵׳һڹ⡣ɷŷ͵ػʯĽ䴦
ֻá䡱һضɽҡ֮Уʯұһ϶һԵĽɵʯڡһ¸ѳ˼Ƭ漴ֳһ°׳ȹŮӣӶһѷɽΪŮ֯ɫ԰ףǴѪۣȴδϲֻһĳȴһĪȴ˲ײ
һˡɷ֮۹֯һӶ䲢޴󰭣΢ЦһԵǵʯǰδ˼Ůӣʯҵʯѣνһá
֯лȴĬȻ˷ɽԿһԵȺ򡣲ԶѪȱɫһסһ̾
һǰǱҳѷָ߳ϸ΢ĽâһǻӶȥ
֮£̧֯۹⣬עĳ˵һһԷŭʱȫֿƣǸѰˡ
顪һ죬ʯϰһ飬һȴǶһƵʯͷ϶겻ͣ
ʯͷСȴΪĳأ͵ɢΪ졣Ԫ֮󣬱㶯˼ԸԳ֮һɵɾеΣбֻȥˮ³ǡ
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ڣ֯һʾ£Ż˳ȥ飬漴˼Ż˲ȥ˵ϵʬʰ£ŮӲ˵µҲֲˡ
һ֯Ŀе֪δ⣬еļʦʦзأʦֵµʮ˼ǰСٰһ̤Ԫ֮󣬱ù˲ϡ
ԭһٰŵ˽֮ǡײŵĵʯݡ֯һֻñϹۣʾر֮⡣ʮ˽ΪԪӤϵΪһԻ񣬲ܲ˼ɡ
㣬֮£ٰŵĵִһʱ壬ıǿʯݣο֪һλ֮ͬʦʦǻǶ·ȥ
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ʱ˾ֻ˴һƹȥɡһ·ɱԹһȰ˼䡣俴֮ŵˡⷬǻ漴˫㶯֡
ս𣬵ƾСϰٰȴǾȴˣǼŵӼлɳãһתȥһ·硣鼱֮£æͻΧȴ֯ˡ
ŵȼҵϰݣֳ׷ɱȥ˶ס֯ʦֵܡһսٰһˡ
Ůţֻýʯ֮СԷ֪ݣڱصãҪɱ˶ᱦǡһ
ϤǰԭίһҡͷǸ½ȴǷǣ֪ǳջǻ꼰ͬšظУһСֻ֮󣬰ﴨľֹ⡣
ֵٴ֣֯Ϊһ֮֯һһȴɫ
һԲΪ˵֮Ͱˣ޴󰭣ҽ߳˵أ
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رͼһʱ⣻˶ԹΪȴ˹ֻ´æ
֯ɫ𪣬üò¡Ĳȴϸ񻣬һϮ°׳ȹȾ˿ڼԵŮ񾲶͡ʱȻдżִţ˵ȣǷ飬ԸǷĴ
ҪվһأһţȴֱԡִֵŮӣ£˵֣Թ̣⣬Եá
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һͷһֽӹԼ֮üͷһ壬æ֯ѣʹáѾãһ۱㿴еķǱѰԷΪԼ˳ˣΪΣ
֯ɫһοȴǾȻ˵֮ջأ
һŵҡҡͷе˵㲻ҽ㴫¡
֯ᴹƬ̣һ̾˵£޸ɣ
еһмƽһ漴ÿɷЦȻˣԻһתǰȥֵ
ǰȻıӰĬĬͶȥһƳ֯ȥʵǵʦң֪

֮һ֯ﵽԪľŲ㡣ʱʮɱʿȴ˸Һšһ·ͨ衣
ԭǾʶ˼֮˫һ֮֯ͬһ׮£̸
Ϥνˣɵ֯ΪźѡһŮ˵ŻһĶãһáŶԷ֣ͬʱ԰ٲһ飬ķԷֽһ
˱˵ߣŲһ֮ǰ̧ͷֱϰɵһâһתһԵ֯ʱ󣬶ԷɣݣüȴǶ˼鶯
һһֱŵȻը顣֯ü΢ЦյĹҽ֮ǼأԷ£漴תߵǵ󣬶ȴ¶һĨĵЦ̣ɷǶˡ
ٲ֮Ϊ֮ȴΪĴǳҽ֮㣬ʤްɣϾ㲻Ĺȣֳӡ֤һ
֯ת˷£ӿһ㵭糺졣ֽӹ򣬲δлȴĪس¡
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775 
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˶ԷһۣԶַתԶ
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һٴռذɵɽ壬̫Ԫ̫֮ɽڡֻɴԽϣ𽥽ӽ޽硣
ѩԪĪƶȴ޴Ѱ١˾أԪӤµʿ档
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֮У˯ѡ⣬Ӥ̬ͣʵʵޡ˫ĿӤħӤȴüɫģڲһеԪ
״һ΢΢漴εҡҡͷӤ̰ˮԪȴԽչ鼺áӤһ˿΢ɲȴڣħӤϹæֻͼһʱʹ졣
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ļ˹̾ʦãǻɢ˵ͽûжݷǡתλͬҡҡͷε˵ȥ޽һ⣬ҵʦöȥ
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޷޷ĺǴȵذڰ֣˵ʦǰãѩ֮ʱ

ߴ̫ɽʣķѩȻֹһͱ֮ٴӭ˾ŵӰ֮⣬ʮִԭضδȥ
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ڴʱ⼸λ˴īԣԷ˵īŽ
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īǰһϻħ޵洫أʦ棬ǲǰ
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뵭ȻһЦ˵ֵֻݵһѰʿˣдԨԴϲּ
ԶԶʦһ˵㵡δ
īεҡҡͷȴʾ˵ΣҪѰһʸףԸ£˭衭
һȥ֮ǰ˭ȥҼԣɢ˲ɵظһ䣬ת񣬲˵ѣǡ
ÿɷعһЦһԵŰȴǰüͷ

֮Уһߵխʯ֮䣬һѭ׶ϡ
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ã֮УһС֪ա

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īԲ⣬ɢˡҪ˵ȴȳЦīǰԼǣֻϧһħˣ
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ȥ·裬һ˵ȱҪѭʯɽŰȴǱ˫־һԣʮһģֹ죬ͬ˺ͷ˺еʦ棬˼˵ɽ·һ
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һʮɸߵɽ壬֮СԲڣжʯͤС
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һĥӵ˵⣬һŻعǰŵһˣ죬ȴ޻˵


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޵֮ڣֻʣһԪӤʿףλԪӤڵĸ֣Ŵ֮лӼλԪӤڵʦ֣ŸˣԪӤԲΪīֻλӣס
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һңĬɾ֮ʱǧԪӤʿüһãνʢǰһȥ˴߲ʮλжʧ;Уж˵·ߡ
Զһ±Թʾ⣬Цȥ̫޼磬ֵ֮ףֻ֮ǰСС϶ڳһ˵ΪȻλݵѣֶʵһ㡣䶦·Իȥա
ʦܿԪ˸񣬱˴˻⡣ͷ˵ֵҼСʦýǳһ˲˵һ
һת򻨳ӣԷɫ漴˵ҵĹ飬ĿŶɫ˵ʾǰ;Ī⣬ȥ԰գһӣȱɽȥ
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ʾ⣬ʿʩչδҵɽڣֻһʯ϶Сæµ֮ʣϷɳһâգ۱㽫ʮһҩ˻
ʱ֮һ˽񡣵һ˰ɽһɽƺ֮ϣЩȻϰ֣ɽʯڼѰٲͣ
һ·ߵһʯͷ£֮ǰժҩϻ𡣵Ⱥ֮ʱ̧ۿȥľ죬ԴǣңɽɫġѭʯȥɣɽᰵȻʡ
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˴һתɽ¡ԶһӰǻֻԶ뻨Ը״Щͷ˵λæѰĳú򣡡վ۹ڶ֮ʯϣɫΪ֮һ
ľ֮£һ鱳·ʯڼΪѰһЪϢһ⡣ŵһƳԼߡ
Ѱҩƽ˳һǰһζԷȴ޶ԡֹסŲһĺ档
ĳѣֻѰһҩǺǡԶǰ˵һ滨һȥ
һߵǿʯڵ֮ͣгâһͫһ㵭Ľ֮£һʯ֡
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Ƭ̣һת
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˵ͷͣԶԪǷ˹ɫעֻġ
һ۹ӻӵƿǰʾ⣬ſʯڣ˵ɼҽƣǧ֮ã̴档֪ʯڣȴƽ֮ʹ˵飬ȥ
ĥ˺һһʱѰƵƽ֮ʶһԡһǵ°Ȼ
ȻһЦں˵ɼҶǰɴԵҵȺȺ֮£δƲһơ
īŵһ˸͵ֵǣɼҽѽ⣬ǿ֮
ŵĿԪͷ˵ҵ˶ڣ֮£Ȼǰ֡
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һǴ롣ɼҵĶȴ޷˶İ˵ˣʮλԪӤʿڳأǿƽ
ӿһٺһ֣ת˵ֵָ㡭
ƶµԤϣһٳɣԽڶᶶһٿȻʯȦһط֮ޣʾȥ˴ƣɼʯţ԰գתأŵǿʯͷϰȻ£̬С
һľֹɢȴδ飬˽ϰΪ̬Ըָʯŵڣ⣡
Ϊ֪ĳ˵ƢԣСһƲСӣŷ͵أƣǳ˵ֵѾӺӦλһ֣
кʮλԪӤطֳַɷ֡
ΪޣԼԶʯǰΧһšطСʩչһ˱ַ
ʱ󣬻΢΢Ʋλʦ֣Է·ߣʯ߬Թ㵹Ŷ
һϥϻϽ«һھƣԶջ۹⡣Ƶʯͷһɳ߸ߣ֮䡣һµĻԱߣΪɽƽ£ĿԷһĲޣЦһ䶴ѣԿ֮Զȥ
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һǺһЦƵᡣϽ«һǣ˫ءڴʱֻáһ죬űӾϲеơ
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ʮΧʯ֮ǰѡԼ̵ʯţһְпࡣ
ӹɣȫԸԸʯš޽ûɣؽ֮£ʹɵֶȴҪȫΪæʱֻҪſˡ
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һ˫֣̬ҵǫߵͷʾ⣬ʯǰߴվ̧֣ȴֲȻסϬʮλԪӤʿɿ⣬ǻԶСĽģ
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ӸΪ˭СӰͷأ
꣬ڳ˴㵡
һδƣֻһ£ǽյʯԿһڵĶڳǰ߿࣬֪ȥгâЩҡҡͷ
ѽʯ֮ϲ޽ơ
Ǻǣҵ龪һ
ⲻƶڡ

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ҡͷʾ޷ãɽգûаæһɾ֮ڵз֣һ׮ĻԵȻ٣ûԸʹ˴
һ£˵Ҫһ̽ʵȥΣĪ⣬λȡᣡ԰գת򶴿ڣȴɫ˵ΪƷյֻ˶˭ʯŵıȴһɽͨδ
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֮һһ׳âԴˮķ󷨣ɴڴ˴һá֮ˣ̧ṳ̋ɽ֮С
δԶһ󶯾һפһԡʮһ䣬ȫӿɽϮǻӴǰ󻹸Զʦֵܶˡ
ͬУҿ˷кջ񡭡üĿ鶯ɫȻŲʾһС
һŲŲȴֿʱĶڣɫһ䡣δ룬һ㼱˳ȥ
ͻȻӵԭءͬʱһɽűȻء
б䣬ɽǻʿһæءգ֮䣬˽Ծ㵲ѡʯŲˣ·һʯڡһ֫ڵϣΪǱ
ʯȥ˺δ
ڲ·Ͼ
˾ܵʯǰҴѰ٣ɽ֮λҡ
󣬻ӹ˲ö룬æһԡ븩鿴ԷȴŮӺ˫ۣ˵ѽ㻹ͷײǽķš
һվѣδȥżȴһʯ˲رգܲһͷݺײʯϡͭǣֻܡ
ײǽķţһҡҡͷߵĻӡԷ̬ɫС죬תǰȥǵʯڻɣﻹʯŵӰ֮ͫ£Ʊ鲼ͬѰ·
֮ɽ԰һٶ˽ͣ¹
һƬ̣¼â֮ǰνȻͬУؾ飬ѳɡ˫üǳٴһ֮˳顣꣬أԴԭһ


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ǰȥʮɣɽ˸ӣȻİĪ⡣һɫȻǰһ뻨ӡԶʦֵܾӺУء
ʯŵĹʧʼϲǵ·ʯɽʯȻһ壬᲻ɴݡҶڱƣҪʩչֶƳ谭ġ
һ̤·ޣʿһæ֮󣬻֮ӣһлȣֻø֮£һֻѭɽǰ߳
ȥɣȥ·³ٴתóөʯɽľͷڰ
ֻӰ´£ȴŽŲɽι졣֮£͵Ƴ򲢼֮ˣ˵زͬ󷨾á˵һ룬תʵ֮ӳŶ
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ˣֻ֮֮ǽ˶˼ԸľȰˣɾûѾãỹôһصڣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻһѭɽȥԴ֡һ;
һ֮ɽδ쳣˵Ľֹ˰ʱ²аԶǰʿөʯһ߹ٽɽ֮ࡣ
Ƭ̣һҴҵӰʧ֮УӺ˸ŵɽľͷλεĶھǰȸԾԶʦֵ¶Цݣһ˽Ų
ںڰдôãȴıһ̡ӵ˲˼߳ɽһȴͣٽڴһƬҫ۹âסΡһʯžʯڣδƣȴԪѱߡ
ʱΣһɻѡɽصĽƲգȴΪĹ졭
²֮£һ̧˳˶ڡܵһУ顱һ죬ʯŲԭֻһ¸Ų̦ʯڡһصĶȴδ죬ǰûһӰ
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һ̧۹ɫ΢㵡ͱڻƣչľľʢԪ档֮£ʮ﷽ԲĹȵܣӰûɵЦ
ĪǣɾڵɽһƬ滨Ŀǣеӿ֮⣬ľ죬ǣһŮӲ֦ǧʾ⡣Զʿľ֮䣬Ѱٲͣͱڻƣȥ·һյɽȣ
˼֮ʣһ̧ѭɽǰȥһ֦Ұбֽ¡֮˱ǣʹһ֮䣬ͷꡣϻֻͭǮСȴ鶯쳣Ϊ
ݵ伮أ˷ϻǧţ֮Ŷ
һ̧ͷȥӴһ£ƮȻδǰ׳һöӣЦԪ֮ãζŶ
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ҡҷȸԾֽ̧һöСδ׽һЦһߣС˸Ŷ˵ϣɽȷ˵ɹȷԲȴݡء̴ľзѼơ̇ܺεҩǱرŶɵһĴڣֻһöɷëϴ裬̥ǡ
˵֮䣬óһöҫ飬һζ£ɿȥͷ˵ţζǲδ˵꣬£ʮһĺģʧ̬һ֡
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ӵСծ쵽ǰһȴǲؽС֭ѣһʱȫԼӻζüһЦӵζʵ𣿲ϣ߲ܡ
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һȻͷ˵ԭˣһ˶öӣ
ԼˣӱǼһһΪʦһöءԷЦתɽȣ˸شȥ̵ֽĿֵһѽǡΪ棬ȴ֪ƽ֮
һĬȻתбߵŮվ£˫ˮĶˡ뿪ڣԷȴЦĪ˵֪ΪĪ˵֮صͷ㱾ˣֻǷŵľϼɡ
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״ӹһЦ˵ٺ٣ǲǳֽ𣡡һ٣ֹʵвָ֪ʶơݻòأ
һһ䣬ǹЦʵȻʶһͷݻòֺֽʲôķأ԰գתԶԶ˵Ķ
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ײǽķţܲķţΪгɣϲɺأһڵ٩
һ漴ɽĳ˵ǱסȻЦ㻹ǳء
ͱͬǵ²϶δ˵ȥһһת޵ǵ˵ɹȣΪ˾ء䲻˵ЦӲʶȤط˵ԶλʦѲѰҳ·ժҩ
СֳԶʾ£ӽ˵ǱԶҼʦ֡ʮ֮⣬һͱǰǻɽȵܣͬӰζ
ԣһ˵ͷ⵽Զ˵ľٶȴɾͼϣҲôһɽȡ˴ǧ֮ãƲδܵɾٵĲټǸ޻صɽһ̫졭
ڴʱһԶһ뻨ȥ˫˫ɫһ䡣ֻʮ֮ͱϣͻȻһɴСĶѨһɿڶһԵԶ˲֪롣
꣬ѨٿȻܳһɫĿ쭡⧲ѵԶ͵رƷ˳ȥգ֮䣬Ȼɢɽ֮жһͷޡɳ̣ǰ֫׳ۼףԷԣ̤նƾˡ
˷£ֻǲʿǹצ׷һХԳ຿ʱɽһƬȷ֮С
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գۼĹǶѨٴӿʮͷԣһɽȵĲݴ֮УѲ߮ͣȺ޳ɣԪӤΪһҩһ໥Ϸеĳһʿ
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ɽȣɽȡɾһڣȴһȺ޶ȷΣķ
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ʧʱһ֮ͬǰеĲ䴦ȴţԸͻһУֻһþʱ˵أѲаֵĽң
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һת֮䣬ӰԶͷԣж磬ʱӹݴԴ뻨ڵɽ¡
ͬʱȵصз·ӵʿȻ֡ͷ˫ԣأգš
ѽŵٴξ˽֣·ѭЩԶ޶ʵŮ޲ߡƣֶһöԲ飬漴ٴѰһѷɽȴǽסȥԾ͡
ӰȷٽһҴ⡣滨ȴ֮ʣԶһۡͷ˫ԣڣ
ɲߡ
һһȻοնת֮ʱ֮СϾˣռ̤ٿȻԽʮɸߵңգ۱㵽ͱ֮ǰڴɲǣХͷԾڿβ
һżͱڣȻʮɡͷأԽ治ᣬ׶쳣ֱϰɣŻ׿ȥ
ͷڿյѾۿűҪˤȥȴʸͱ֮ϣζ硣̧ͷ˿һɵ漴ɽ³ȥ
һδɣ½ϡɴ˺ԽͱڣǿѰһ·꣬л֣ͫһ٣ɫ㵡ɵĸߴһƴĪƷƬɽȡ
ֲ˼ɣԭˣȻ֮ʣһͷɾһɽȣʮһأ
Ե飬һȥץסһ͹ʯڡţ׿ȥ
ǰ󲻹ϢĹʮ﷽Բɽ֮ڣľۣѪܣһƬǽ塣֮ǰĶʮһλʿˣȴɽ²ݵؼ¼ϱ۲֫
µʮ˲ͣƴɱӴܣȴһ·ȥֻͽ͵ɽжȦӡʮͷΪֶθ߳ˣȺҷͷʢ
ǴѨǰԶʦֵܾһֱһͷ֮أԲԶȥȴ齹Ρ
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׾ٱƿ˻ӵ󷨣ֻ±ȻʿΪĿ¡ǵ磬ʿƿ֮
ͷһһٲаֳɡͻƽżһţֱɽ³ȥڴʱһٿȻϮһͷնȻײɽ֮ϣȴƲסŷɽʯмˤɽȡ
һͷ½ϣȥڰգѲȫֳ˳ǰһֱָΧ֮еŮӶȥ
ƱƣãΪ޶ӦУ޼ƿʩĻֳַֻɽ֧š磬ѲӦ鼱֮£ֻнܵĹľ裬ôϢ֮
䡪һһľײϣûæһԶһͷײжֳΣѸ֦ʢ˵˹ŵþһתˡʮ⣬ͷһһסȥ·
أػӶ³СȷϮ޴Ӷܡݲұ䣬һգ͵һ
顪
һУӱײ˳ȥʯףѡӱһ֦һֱ׹һͷԳԾ͵ſѪڡ
ҪˣƮ֮УӶ׺ݵӶϵһ̾ɲǣڻ֮΢΢һһٽĳªͻȻһ٣Ȼը
ڵأ˲ûѪȣ֧ӿȥĿϲһ
ߣһ̫ͣŽڣһ­֮󣬱㱻ȥСӡͬ鱻ɱͷƱţ漴Դ󷢣һǰһϮ
ɲǣӰһţһڡһƬմԱƽ˻ӡŮԣֱۣ˳һ͵شԶͷϰݣ׷
֣ԽңɱһֱǴѨȥ֮Уɫ΢ȡܽޣеĵӤɣӤħӤȴ쳣֮ǰһ˿һΪӤãڲ֪ӿ뾭ȴ׽ԼΪЩĲͬ
ת֮䣬е˵ԶʦֵܵĲԶһҪ׳ȥԱԸ׷ͷԣɫԷһţһ
֡һǳ⡣Σͷһ䣬͵ؽӳٽĿԷҪȥӣȴ̡һŮڰ;ǿ׹£ɽϻߺߵػ׿
һӣתֱһ񣬽âǡͷԽߣ˫˫׺âһ͵Ծ𡣶ڰգȻһģһˣֱ⡣
ˡˡ죬һͷԱ˰ԴѪɽһͷȴ˳ȥδش
ͬʱһֳֽɽϣһ˲ʧʱٴλӳһ⣬ˡһ㽫ͷҴնΪء
գ֮䣬ֳֽ𽣵˺Ϊһ壬ֳɱһĿɿڴԶʦֵܣʵΪλȥ
ʦֵҡͷԶΡԷпԵģһûģſ߳ǶѨΨһȥ·Ϊβһ
ʱ˿̣νڼһˣֱѨȥ䶯֮ʣ˳ƷὫϵĻӴŮӿվһίԶǰ̾ת
ʮ֮ͱϣʮɵĸߴһӡɴСͣӿſѱߡ
˲࣬һԾ
ԶǸ˵ⴥƣɴ˴ԵĳѨڣһ·ء仰δ䣬һԾǰδ㣬ɫһ䣬͵ص˳ȥ
״ԶʦֵϣɫࡣӲԣȴȻ²⣬ɵû
˫أһȵȵɲǣǿ˶ڵΡʮɵĶѨͷȻһͷԣŶ·ļơ֮޴
ǡڴʱǵİĺٴαһͷͻһ͵ת˫ü𡭡


786 Եκ
ɽȻ𣬱ϾڣɱԣһѨ£һв䣬Σ鼱תֱ¡
ͷ͵Ϯɣͱڣδȵױִλƻص֮УǼͬ쳣Լͬضһ
ǲɱŭͷ˫ԣ֮ת˲ͷһȻתȵټͬɴ
˻⣬ȴɫɻԶæԳѨڣȥ·衭
Űɱһ߳ȴԶһѪһȻλҿ·ԶˡϽâʢζȻԾٿȻѨ
һ̣ȴɡľֹмֺİǲ£ֻɽϵ漴æҪƴˣҪ·ˣҿһ
ԪŻӣһȥԶɽȣŽߺ·ڴˣϦ
ĸʿ־ϲǶѨ޵ĳѨ˳·ֻڵϦ֮䣬ݼţݶ룬æԵľһܲسԶڵɽ¡
֮Уͷ˫Բ붯ȴΪɽеĶͣʿһ쳣ǼͷΪȻҡͷβתɢеĸ£еķѨ
Ϣ֮䣬һԾͱڵĶǰһ㣬ǰӰ֣͵˶Ѩ
ǿͷ·ӣڵӭſ죬һװ㼲֮ɲǣѪɽ֮УɳӺȻȻ˰ͷ­
һһ㣬ʮɳĶѨһأʶѸķ⣬һ٣漴أӰأʱʱ֡ʦֵ뻨ɫ졣
ʯãԱݡһ仰һʱɽʧȥӰűǡ顱һͷԱһ߷ɳ˶ڡ
ʦֵϾ˼һľٶڶǰɽΣԲȻһյɽȳǰȺ֮ļѰλʦʧ룬ɫЩ԰׵ĻӼæѵҪ顭
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ԪתԶ˵ֵҪɽɣͽ޹Ѱ·͵ʯɽΪ޾ɢڴˣǶ»ȥֻ޲
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ͬʱһĹâӿնֱڶһͷ˫ȻҪϾ˵ȥ·
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һüʶ£һڡܵΣгɣһݶٴκݺһ⡣
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һأץŽ͵طһƨ˵ϡɤͻȻһȣüбƺһǿһѪ˼£䱳ʯڶ鼫ΪǱ
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һһ۲Զͷԣ߳ȴġ֮ʣȴͻȻ֮ס黤壬ڡ
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һᣬʵֻһұɳû֮ʣҴʱ޿ɶ㡢޿ɱܡ޿ˡһͷԣûл֮ͷԣлΪ㲻Ҫ𡭡
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ʱ˿̣һڿհɣȥѾͷԵ˽£ſݵĴ죬ˡ˫üҧгݵرеġɷҳȥһ١һϤİӤʹʱӿ֫ħ֮Ѿãȴֻ⵱ķţδָк֮ǡ
֮䣬һͷĪֻõǣ֮ʧֳһâ˸סɲǣ룬͵հ£ڷХ
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һƾը죬֮һ籩ɽȣľζмõЩɪɪͷ͵ԶʱֹסȥƣãȻ̧ͷ


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ͻ֮£еͷҴ˼Ȧٴΰ졣ԳªУЩæңЩηЩĪܡ
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Ѫһϡ꣬һߣˡɷȻȥǼͷֻɣȻС
ǴǰһԶһͣתͷಽȥһ٣һҡͷβﻹ˻ѣ缸ֻȮһ㣬ֻ׷˶ȥϵȺԣһ󲻰󣬸һƶ
ǰΣһɡƳյɽȣɫĮȻͷ໥ĥ̶̬̽ǰգ׽֮⡣

ͬʱɽһͻȻһɳӰ˸졣Ի̻̲һʿĿɿڴ漴˱ߣʧѽ㡭һơ
ӰδɢȥȻһСʯͷءһ±㽫ɽ֮ɲǣɽһȣ¶ڡ
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һ֮ɽУͷѴݵĽǰһ󻶿֮󣬼Ĥ״oһӰȻɢգ۱㲻ˣ
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ˣǱƭˣϵµʱŭԼͬ˶ڡ

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ľ֮УɽһɽڵĴʯֹöǰʿæ󷨲Ҫӳʤ־кȥֱһ֮󣬲ʮס˶ڣײĺأԲͣЪ
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꣬һΪȻǡˣĪ˵޷ǼͷЦԼΣкηֱӥȮΪצ׳ɫӹΪƾһ˫ȭԿǬ
һȺԶڴˣǺ򡭡
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һ˿ѰȴΣȥĪʧ޿κΣ

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ѭЦҿȥһͷʾ⣬˵λˣڵ붨ޣѡԶ뻨ӻľֹ⣬ĸοദ˼ǽ뼴ǵãؼƽ϶Թʧıã˵Ϊ֮Գ֮
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ԪǸͷģ񳣬뷢Ұסͷʦֿ԰ԼЩ
δȣԪæ˵ʦһ룬ɥʹһ̾űŻҡͷƿ಻ԡ
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䣬һ㵽˿ԪǰԷתæµפ㲻
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ʱ·ϣһɻϿ֮󣬻ɫе־ŭһ󺰣пԪľֹȵȣȻ
Ԫıѣһʧɫ޴ӶܡԷ֮ǿϡߣһϸâٿʱü뵽ʶ֮С
һĹϸܵɫۼףͷ͹̬¶δͣȻʶ
һɲǣһʲôˡֳֽ𽣣ʧĴţ˫ۣΨɫòͣ
֮⣬Ԫ˫Ŀʧ񣬲ζ£һͷһԡգ֮䣬Ҷ˶ʱһãȻ׹ء
ʮ⣬Զ˾㵲ѡһŭԪУһ˵ͻȻʼϲ
Ƭ֮һһվţι졣Թ۵˽عȻ׹ԣ
ֵΪҪɱԪ
ֵ޹ɱˡ
ĪǿԪҪֵѲɣš
ԪΪҪֵѡ
ֵѺˡ
˷׷ײ²֮ʣһŵʿ£˵ֵʧأӦΪ֮ס
ӵɫЩ԰ףȻл⣬ʧʦ޹ʶ᣿ˡʦ֡ʱ·ϣλʶõʦЩȴԡʱ˿̣μתֱ£˵ʲôˡΪСӻˣ˭Ķ̫졣һ鷳ˡ
Զ۹ӹŵʿǶѰ׹ǣɫֹ̧סˣ˵ֵ֮УҵΪֻڴ˴ƽϣ״λɣ˵ţ̾һ˼Ѱ˿ط£һɫǰ
ԣԶģǹޱ޳ԪĸˡһϿ֮УĪĴڣˣ˿Ԫʦֵܣڶһֵˣ࣡ԸֵѼ࣬Ȼ·ȥˡ
һ̣ʿһ߹һĻףһߵԼҵİΣͱ֮ǰʮ֮أͬ׳һ㲻Խɼҽƣŵʿͬ޲ߡֻԶ˵䡭
һ˫۱ɽڶϵĽڰգȴľ̥ܰĶҲʶ֮Уȴ֡
ԪᣡĹʶ֮ʱһͷһѰʶ䣬ԪӤάϵԱĶᣡԼ꣬ʶ㹻ǿóѣ
ͻȻһ˲˼ǰʱ֮Уν׸롣ж³ȴ˱Ϯŵĺ֮ǣǡÿȫעԸͼĹ
һһһӰʶľͷС˶֮˫ۼӣĽֶϢ֮䣬ʼʩ
ʱĹǹ㱻סȥ·Դ㵣ײƾˡ
֮ͣʶΪһ壬ѰǹæƬ̣Ч΢תȥòѰдвǿһСͻȻ֣ǧķ֮ʱȥ·
һзǹաããʶ֮ն޵һϴŹЦݣһһ˵һȥ˵ĶұŹ㣡Ӳȴɡ
нѣһҷʢ˵Ĺ˵ͷתҡҡͷű㲻ÿɷ˵ǾʮɳĹǺΪһͷޣ
һ壬䡣ƺΪ٣ɫһࡣ
ˣԸΪū澣ֵҫĵط𣿻һ壬㽫һںεأԪ񣬻ͷޡȻΣΪһ㡣һɫ˵ŶԭٵѣʧˣĹάδɣԷһĮȻ˵ݽһ㱰ӦһˡǴˣԾ⣡
һ΢㵣漴Ϊذڰ֣˵գΪݽǡƲ죬תʵѶԪΪְңǶΪУΪλҪҴ·֮
ٵЩͷ׹һһӶֵҪҴ·ѣȻػ
ɫԻתٲм˵ԪԪӤʹԷΪãⲢĶᣡϽƣǸԪûôұɽǰһ˵һͬǰұеĴȥ
˸ŽţһԲʵǶг˴֮⣬ʲôĪǲ뿪˵ء
һͷԼۼ׵ӣζ˵˭ңءֻѰ˵䡭
һ۹һأ׷ʵ˭ΪȲˣ
ٺ̧ͷ߳ʼҼ䣿ٴǰԹȥ˴ɣе飬ұӣ£
һΪʵȻ٣ȴ˼ȥֻѰǺ⣿
һɣһâŭ˵ʲô
˵˻ףһһתǴЦ˵٣ν˲֪ȥֻһȺ֪ˣȴ֪ͼ
һݽ֮Ϊ١ٱŭɱ磬ŭԪӤᡭ
һȻ壬һƲЦϲݽ棬ֺηһѻ֪٣ȺТӳɽȣҿ˵Ķһ̧ͷͦص׼֮£ԶҪЮ㣿ɿԪԪӤڣǲöԵɣһ࣬Ҫװ
㡭թ֮³ԭίΣܶ¿ǽˡԪӤʹǰҿ˭ޡܻ˻ţһһ
һΪȻһ漴ɢȥӰߣֻʶ㲻ȥ֣ɣԪӤһǱصҳ㣡
ٳһ˲䣬ɵסˡ֪Ϊ죬ȴһӤһ
ڴʱĿԪӤɫһ񣬾Ȼͬʱ֡Գ֮ʣһһѽ𽣣һ⣬ʱ˹ɫмǣֱΪĵӤȥ
ڴɲǣͻȻǧ˸콣Ȼɡڷ󣬽Űɱٶʱæҡ
׷ΪǣЩ鷳һĵƻȴٲһ䣬һɫޣƴʢ
ҡͷβɷ׻һͷ˽ſ˵ӤΪ̫ǿӤ֮ȻǲӦ
ΣͷӤĿ޴Ӷܡڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣһȻ֣ϵʱ㽫ڵûС
ٴ󾪣æ
һâ˸һ߱˫ְȻ֮УݶһֳߵЦ֮Ҳ


791 ׹
ɽ֮ϣһѰ׹֮ǰԶ뻨ӵ˻޲ɫСʮ⣬һأԱ˫۽ڽ֮С
ʱ֮Ͽеɡ
ԶַףɫءʲôתԶһŵʿʵԪĳ벻ɣ֪кβֽ֮ͬѴͽһ
˴һջ۹⣬˼صŹأ֮жһΪ꣬һΪԪɣǿȡ߽֮ͣΪԪ֮רűչؾޣſϡ᲻ɣⷴɣòʧ
Զ˼ʵԪǿжʿֽΣԷ£⡭;ƻ겻ѣǲףе伮ؼء
н̣Զ˵ͷʾлתǶѰ׹ǣüչһʻǳ׼һĲˣһͷ޵Ԫ
ռ˵Ͽ֮УȻһͷ޵Ԫ̫˼ˣ޴ɣֻþ䣬Դתʿһ̾Ī
ݣ׹ˡϥĻӣΪ֮ⷽУƽ˼־ޡ
ûʦ飬ŮԸįƳͷ޴ĹǺһضŽеһɫֳɻ
һͷԣǺεȿµĴڣ㲻ܶᣬ޵ԪǽλʦŪڹ֮䡣ȥôãСɵɵվţȻǻѲ⡣һػ𡭡ף
۹һ֮УһǾʱұۣȻһ
Сǳʬ⣬ǰȻͣһͬʱԶǵɴ˫ֻۡһֱµ˲䣬ϵĽʧǻ΢΢׽Цһš
ѽС
Զ²⣬˶ԡӶСȭͷһ

һ˽ȻǱĿߣȻδδתģ֮ϲˡ
ϲĲˣٵԪ֮󣬱ָͣٲȻһ˰˱ӵˣյԳһڻ⣬Ρ
һȴƸԹߣϲǡȻδʩչħӡӤ֮ǶԸԵԪʵơ
һͷԵԪ֮壬Ȼ˵ǿֻ֣ճ
һĴڣ֮پ²ѡӤǳƷ·յȴǳϡη壬ԵԪֻ֪һζԴûǸһƴһƲл껹δ˼ҵĶ֣
ԴȴںһͷĽ߶ѣҴɣ˵ˣɶɶĴ֮ʤʮֻܻԪ񣬵ʱ򣬹
˾ϲ֮У֮УֺԪɹɡ֪ΪͶұͼʡ£ֺֻ֮⣬ԪʶӸӤ
ΣȥһеΣʶ꣬һͷԹ֣Ĺ׷ɶ
һɳޣǵٵģɽңһŮܻһ֮С֮תһߵϣ̶һյɽ֮С˴Ų³ǧޣֻΪСһͷ߽˴ٲӰ
ö֮ɽбӵ޴ʳȺޱྺ𣬽ͬࡣٱѪ־й͵Դ󷢡
ֹ֪ȥ˶꣬ٳΪɽвǿ֮һĳһգͱͻɽ뼸λͬС
һƬأֳΪСߣɱ긴һꡭ
ɽֻʣͷ֮ʱͻȻµҩ
˺˫㣬һȺͬ鱻һصڡһϿȣͱϵĶǰ߾Ӹ£ٴʹ͵ҩ֮
ǽɣ֪֮ǰɽȣϳΪȡԾӣԻɣʥˡ䶴ڣˡϿ
ƾɣʥ˵ĵҩڶ޵ΪǣΡеǿߣɷ죬Իѱʿģȴٵõ˵ʶֻöƧ
һգͻȻһضɽҡĶѨŷЩͬ龡ԲӰڵϿȣȥա
յɽȵҲ徲ٱͷĿ֮ΪæѰڻʹ͡޵ҩֻǰ˰ĹϿȿռţɡ
û˵ҩΪѴٺʧ䡣һͬЩԣΪãȻ
ֿյ˼꣬پˣʹͬ鿪·Ա㴳˵ĶõҩֻΪгɣԿɺգ
µĽ쳣˼֮ͬٻǱȥԪֱĳһգͻȻʿ
Ĺ޾಻һƳһĸӰУһ֡η磬Ҷݷˣ޵츳ͨµķֻ֮ǰȺ޵ˣµĵҩȴΪ죬Ϊ
һ֮ޣǿʳʤ̭ǿԵҩΪ˾ķۣ֪к⡣ߣΪ֮ͨˣȺȥһգĪ֮ʱɣʥˣɣʥˡ
ĬĬ߶ţһ˫ۡʮ֮⣬ԶɫС
޷һһ䣬ĲɵһЦתȥͫ˸סȥ·һƣ֮ãԲԽ׳һʵ̾Ϊֹ
ڳͷһȴְǡ˴˻˸񣬱ʵ
ֵѣ֪Ԫȥ˺δҪСġ
ֵѣĶԪᡭ
ֵʵ棬ҵ
ֵ޷Ԫ֮ǿҾݻǰв磬ᡭ
ǰһֹסˣΪǵ˵λ԰ֵ꣡ΪΪ֮ˣ˵޷޷Ըػ˭ʶãתԶһɫСӵĵһǰٰȴǲ֪Ƕпг·
һᣬֻרעǰ»Ϥ⡰ȡ롰ϿȻɼҽƹȻǿȴֻΪ赲֮ãµ;ȥͷɻ仺ǰ
һתҹ֮һߡɣתѭʯ̤ȥǲߡбʮɣһת
ͱ֮ϣһɣɶƮݡǴ֮մ֮ɼҽƣȻĽͬΣ˴֮£ָԾ̾ѡҪĵʶ裬ſ˵ľᡣ
ֳͷߣӲмһƲС죬ȴβסܡ
һ֮һɸߴȥδͣһݣȻǿбʯ֮ϡ丩Ͽȣ·ʾ⣬תһ̤붴ɫһ


792 ɣʥ
֮ڣһȾһһ֮⣬裬ʮɴСһƬطԵΪ״ĶڣӦΪҵڡ
۴δ쳣һǰȥһʯ齣ڷšһԵʯϣɢһöһ
һǰվһץΪƣнâԲ
գ֮䣬һϵĶ㲻ˡŻȥֽһΪУ˺ʯ齵ǲ
ҡҡͷһһԵʯͷһ
ͬʱ˲ʧȴ¡
һˣ˼Ƭֽ̣ʶǿüҲɵһ֮꣬̧ʯţأصģ
㵽ٽǼǰһ۹һʯɴСһʯ̨ϣһŹâ֮Уոƿ
һлͫ˸߽ʯ̨շ֮⣬ơŵƿ糤̣СԪ롰쵤
ƿԪ޳Ԫƿ쵤ΪµĵҩؼΪ
һӱ۲â֮Уƿȡ
ڴʱ˱ףб˫Ŵ󲽣ɱ
һеĶȻδת˳ȥһʯңΪ֮һ
ڶͷʯ֮ڣյĲΨеϵһɼŵڣֱǶСָͷɾ֧ŷת
ã⴫δֺ·ͻȻɣʥߵôæ֮ǰһ̣ʲô
ǰ˼ãһóʯϵһö򣬷˵㷽ŵĻģȴһֲˡ˵ĹԡΪȻͬȴɵ֮㻹˵쵤˷ЧġƶɣȴӲ˵ĳ˴治ʹѡ
˵еŭһģȡǶŵҩ˳˶尡뵱ӻڹ
㣡һΪԹʵ⡮쵤Ȼ壬ɷΪӤãǺˣ檻֪˭˼ɣʥˣΪҪʩ
ţ˽˵꣬غӲ֪
һ˫üһ顱һеöɫĮȻת䣬ɵ˵Ҵǰȣٸ˴˸Ե־ʹ˽ᣡſ³һ⣬һץһԡҲصĽŰȻƳ߳ԭȻ㻹ҹ
֮Уֵʱסˡ룬ȻʧģǷ鰡˵ߣֻһˡ
һᣬһ֮УӤڣ԰ڳֵļƣҪǿˣ
ң㵵㻹ʹħӡ»
һΪȻ˵ĸ󻼣ƴ˵䣬֮ǵɷ׻Ȼ޴ڡͬʱħӡƣɱʱ
ʱûŭֻĲȻСӲδαҪְ˵δӤ⡭
ݶ룬æġɷ׻һ٣ħӤͣŲ˼˵Сӣ㻹ɱа
˴ɱʢֻεذڰ֣һŵʻǡ쵤ƴӣȴСֵҩ÷áǿΪвǱ³νײΰ롭
ԣһⲻ˴ȡĵƿ֮УоöԪö쵤˵ⵤҩһʱòˡ
ɵҲã֪գֻһŮˡǵĻ£˵Ǹɣʥˣġ
Ҫһϸ
ϣͻȻһһƨ֮Уʹ˵һãԪֻ֮Ҫչǧˣౣأ뿪ݣԪɣл𲻳١ĳ˶ŭ֪˵Ĳ飬ɱɣʹ˱һգ붨޶
εˣϽĸˣһ߳ˣκΡ
һ£ŭݶɱޣֻǵһĨЦƣ˼йǽݡһ˶Ķǣֲðˣһۣһá
̬ⷬ˵ǻرܣ˵ǽ붨ʹ˼ʹ뵤ҩʱŭȻϵɣʥˣ亦ǰŮӣɵ۵ӡ
ƣɢһ̣࣬нһաõȵ̫á
ĬȻƬ̣µȥһָ˳̬˵ϵĽȥóʯǿƴСǶķһֱ֣Ϊ⡱롰֪ɷǰĽƣһԷ
һδǰºһ٣תȥɫ΢ȡʱδ⣬ȴ˴齶һʯڣէһ쳣෽ԲڣȻһ㲻ײĽơ
˺վһл֮ͫ֡£ʯ֮ϣַɼ
񵭣ΪΪΣɴܣɵòɼ̫֮ȶΪߣ֮¶Ϊߣޣ޹Σ޽У١֮޼Ҳ
Ƭ̣һ㽫ʯϷַһ飬ɵ΢΢ݡˡ澭еһξļޡ̫޼ľ粻ֱָͬҪ塣ֻ뽫֮ԼӴĦ㽫ǳ֮ǰޱģֻʯھĵһ֣Դƶϣ̫޼ıģͬڴ˴ȥѰʯҲȥ˲鷳
ɣʥˣˣѰʯӦǲѣȴΪҪĲصĶ֮УɷۣĪ뻿Եĳһ£
˼֮ʣһ۹ʯϵĽ䴦һǺ׺ֲǾУΪǧʥ
ʥָλˣɣʥб
ǧꡢ֮ǰһУңԶȴֲʱƿ˷һǣ˰˼ղܡ񲢷ԼҪߵ·ҵѲݻͷ
֮һΪȻҡҡͷҰҴգ£įԶ
һȥеĻͫ˶Ӹ߸µɽϣʮʿԴӷȣΪĿӶСƵƵʾ⡣
ʿʮһλ˴Ȼȥ˰ҲףյԽµЩ˻Ŵȥʵң
һٵ飬Сֵһǰȥɲǣͱڵʮ֮йâŽʧһʯݻȻ֡


793 Խ޼
һʯ֮ͤǰŸһ̧ĹˣĿľ档
꣬ʯͤһâһԶֳӰ״Ⱥľӭȥ
һԵ˲ʯͤȥ顱һͤڵĴʱٴȵ;ʹʧ˶ֹΪȻΪ˴˷пѡ
ʱ򣬳һ֮⣬жʮһ֮ࡣ֮󣬿νءʱֻˡˡīˣֱһˡ
űãֻлţſԼűԵδ
ؾ֮Ժ˼䣬˱㲻Լͬؿһɾͼȴһʱѱȥ·Ҫλֲǡ
һ˫ǰ˼ĿһɽϵͥԺưܲԶĲԫϱڣɱ湬¥ż̧ͷȥɫòι졣֮⣬Ԫ֮ܣȴҶ׽޽̫֮磬ǰǡ
һһңɵ΢΢һЦ
ǰû˽裬Զ뻨ӵѭʯݵ˶֮УҪ鿴һ˶类˽ȵǣѰ֮С齵ǲȴнƼӳֶԺ̾
˴֮˻Ϊ֮ϲѡһοɴˣȥѡ
һȴû˶˼ҪڶЪϢա˶ֶۣ־ηȴɣѰ˿طµȺ򡣶һ齣
һֹԶǿʯڡ֮˽һ
ȥ֮ʱһŻԶһЦɫζԵ죬Եˡ
էٴ˵أһʱѱߣֵѿм̡
һ֪˼ϸĪǻδ뿪޽硭
֮ʣһ˵ѯʵԶ뻨ӣ˵˺޼磬̫ͼѰ·Ȼ޹תԶоһ˵ͼʾҲԽ̫磬ֱӵ޼ĵھŲ㡣˴ƱòֻѰ޼ڣ
˻Ȼǰʧȴáһִһһ㣬ʼϲ㣬Ҳʡȴ˳;棬ķա
ӻһǰЦһ·ν飬־ϲ棡ΪԲҵȸΪʹֵŶһ˵ڳһɨͷɫ
һδƴǣٴ̧ͷȥԴƬ̣ζȻڿհʮɣȴ˲ֻصͥԺ֮䡣˲˵õɲǣпʩչЩķԣֻΪҵڣ⡭
漴ҡͷɫ˸ҪѰؽƵķ϶̸ף
һˣѭŽµʯȥ˵޼˲Զλң滨һͬǾ仰ǰ;Ī⣬
һЦݷ˵ر˹ȥԶ಻ɣС
һǰͷ˵ɽ޼ɽ̮٣д档λͬСġ
޼ɽط棬ĿĴꡣǲשУɼǰһɡ˾һǣһڲԫϱڼ䴩С
½̧ߣһɽȥżͣ˼Ƭ̣תһʯಽʱΪǰȲѡУԲ°벽
СչȥһƵԺǽסȥ·ɸߣٴ룬ȴн裬ԿԶΡ˽Բҷ㰤ǽѰ·ǰС
ʱ֮ǰԺǽһƬֳһСĻ֮һʯֱϸߴ
Ƭ̣δ쳣һ˱ʯס̤ϣŲб䡣Ӹ߻ķ棬ãã޼ʡ
ʯϣɫɡӾæ֮ˡ
һĽֻһ٣ʰ׶ϡ꣬һɫӰţȥ֮󣬸ʿߴ
һ֮ʯ׻ȻʧһƬðӰɲǣһ뻨ӵ˽ԭأɫ㵡
һƬƽ̹ɽƺǧɵķԲеһֻõһʯ֮⣬֮ǰŸϤӰеɢˡˣŰӡ׽ƴɱīɢˣǾһսﴨȴһȻҪԳӪ
ӹɣǵı޼ŵı޼ݵǰһ˴˺Ƥ֣֪Եɡ
Σһ˲óȻǰֻԭԶԶ
ɶţʩչͨ
һͷ׳׾ޣצͬһѷƥĵɵǷâڣצҡΪȴâСͻóأԷѡ
˽ƴ֮ɢŰŲ¡
֮УɱŰɷڣ׺ǳ߼
λ˴չ֮ͨʣԪײңŰ֮ȥɽƺ֮ϣ籩ƾˡλǰȻ£ɫ֮⣬ԶļͣȴֲԸŲŲֻ۽硣
һվڻԶԣɫ䡣һ֣һ߰˼
ɢŰ϶֣˴ѷָ¡ǹΪҪǿһռϷ磻ӵķΪ죬أԲʰ󡣶˾ǸˣĶͬһ㡣ؽޣֻ»һΡ
һ޼٣ֻһųߵʯԵִ
⣬貢ֻһߴڡɾ֮ڣ貢֪˴oΪ˭
ɽƺر޼ɽɽڡ˴ǳΪĴ֮⣬һ֪λȡĽŵӵȥ䣬Ȼ޼Ѱ
˴һҡͷٴο֮ʱͷһ
ڴʱɽƺϺһЩʿһȺĵв죬ȴδ⡣ϾλѺս¹ظҵʧġս˫Լͬͣһ˽Կһˡ
ǺǣҵղŵЩС
ףΪµ˶ˣӡ
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һϷĽó
ߣȻˡ

һվδֻǳԶļλ˹֣ʾߵ˸ԱԼҵĳһСӻɢ˵ĶԻУ»Ϥ޼ǰⷬε
һգŰӡ빫뿪޵֮ӵѰ̫̫˭ϴڵ̫٣߱²ǰߵΪʶ˫Ϊ˳
ִδΨ⣬˱æ޼硣޼ɢ˲Űӽǰ벽ҪԼв֮󣬶Էſɿ޼ƣзС֮ĲޡػɾΪɣʱվֹ
϶ɢڽѣŰϾͷǲԸԿǱ˴˱㶯ֱһ


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ɫ֮£޼ɽ¶ءɽڣһֹعšǰɽƺ֮ϣһȺʿĬȻעĿһˡ
Ϥǵ֮󣬼ҳ㵲ѡһΣֶιˣֻЩҴߡʶλʿһѰ˵ϼ䣬Ϊл֮٣ʾ֮⡣⣬ɽȡ˶δţܲΪ֮棡
˿һʱ򣬽¶ɫ˸ûǰѵ˼ǳ˫֣Ųӣе˿ɽƺʱʱ˼
һ۹ɨһȻٲͥŲɫ䣬֮ǰȴɢɢӽ̫ٻһ¹ŰӣǸڡһ֮ƴɱͬʱ֣ӱ˷ִͼԾλʿľԼһ˿𣬻뾴Զ֮
֪䣬һɽƺ˸ӣ˴һ⡣˰Ĺֹһֱǣ˵۹⡣Ҳ಻סһ㵲סȥ·˵һֻʵնԹʹ˽ᣬϷ򻹿ͬ޼
ʮ֮⣬Ű鳤룬ɫĪ⡣
һͣ½ŲʱԶм˱Űӣÿɷ˵֪ʲô֪ʲô
꣬ʦŵڴ˼²⣬ѰٶȴáŰӻһ٣۹׶˵Ȼʦֵۡ𽣵֮֪ʵ棬ǵ޼ڡ
ңֺءһҡҡͷüһ˵йʦֵ䣬ֻ֪޼һ࣬вڣҲ鿴һת棬Ρ
ŰӰҪ˵ȴ㱻ϣɢ߹˵һҪƾŵ񣬻ҪѰʤϷһ⣬ֺ룡ҵĻʿൽ˽ǰӸ͵ֵѣΪΪвʯӦ֮壡ҵڳԱ㡭
߽ĸλˣһһЦ⣬ʯȻֻǸӣԼͻȻֻ¶ڴ׶װźͿŰ֮ʣ˽֪һǧǰ׮ŵӵȥ򲻽¹ŵĶԹغ䡣
֮ڣ֮Щ˵˼׽Ȼ֪޼óҶֿ벽˿߶һҪ֮ӣ
ΪԼǸԪӤʿڸ֮⣬ø˹˼ɣûġˮ㣬˳ƶΪˡǰⷬΣȻλ˵ϡ
һת֮ʣһЦɢƮ˹ֻ˵ٺ٣һ˺ݼӢұģвʯǣī벻󣬴͵˵а˽Ҫ壡īźˡ
ת۵Ĺ򣬾λʿ־۵һ
Է˶ԴϬԼһֱˣŰԲٳ빫֮һһаﴨ̬ºͣɷ
ʮԪӤʿǲ̫ԶȺеĻӴβй˼ɣֻðͣһ˫أ˸ͣ
ŵǰһˣһ£˫֣˵ǧͬ˴ߣ˫ʮ֮ɼɵⶶԵ٣λǰ·Ϊ֮٣˾ֵ֮£񣬱ز˽޷֣ʹȻûʵһ˵꣬ȻǰȥŰӵδó
һԲ£Ϸ˭
ֵѣλǰ뵣ǡ
һϷ߱ģġв㡭
ǺǣСӻеʶ

ûȥƽ޼Ըһת޼Űӡ빫˹ȥɢӶԴδ˼δݸǻĬ
лɳãԶĻԶæ
һֱǰȥīͽֽ̼䡣̼䵽޼ķ֮ǰԽ̨̤ףڵŵַǰ
ܵǽھשɶѣһյӦΪڡаɷԲΪ̾ͣ⻬羵ơľͷųߵ޼ʯ޴裬ãֵȴǰһأֻġ߸ߵĻ滹мѷ졣вͬoԲӰ
֮䣬̨վˡϮһ׿ȥӲʧʱشߣһ·࣬ɫ⡣ΪƲƲ죬ѭŰשǰȥһԵķɫӰಽǵɢϻο
һ˫ԹǰУ˼ѡƴһƬطֻһʶٻء˵Щǰ˵ķأĪǣǰĲ²ֻǣǿ᣿
ʮ̵˴֮УԳԪӤʿԳٴ˵أɫ棻λǰȴ̹Ȼ࣬ȴǲĳ˵һһ
Ƭ̣һʯǰͣ½Ų꣬ԶҪúòһЦһ㲻˼һԣ޼ڤ롣Զ֪ѰѰ˿طϥ
һԪӤӽԱһŲʯλʿΡȻҪѰǵ֮˵ˣԪ񲻳ɣûĹ޼̸ףĴߴ٣ȴڡȴѰǺ˱Ѱϱǰ鿴衣
֮ǰһɵüͷŰƳһۣ΢΢Ц˸ãԻǣֱǰڡ
ŰԵһزдʯɶġ߸ߣͷࡣ˼𣬱ʯ֮ϡ
ǡڴʱ汮һ˫ۣɫɡ޼ıϿеĲ޶£νĲ򲻹ҪһαŰӵľֹ
ŰӴ׿ȥ˼ѷ֮⣬ʯһʯȻԶջ۹⣬һ˿ײЦݡ
һŰתһԡõ߿ɣľơɣٴ𡣶䶯Ȼһ֮ϡ
˸ռһ裬˴ζػ˸񣬱˽¡
ͬʱ޼ǰһվʱĹȥ̧˹ȥ˸תЦҡԴȻСƤģ
һԻ޶ãǲؿһˡԷ˺һεЦǺǣ֮٣Ī֡
֮Զ뻨սһһҡԷɣһʱ֪
Ⲣɫ֮ˣȴä֮һһЦתǰ۹Զ뿴΢΢ʾ⡣
ԶһǰͣԶԲԣ
Ƭ̣һͻȻת˲һõ֮ϡӻͫһţԾһ衣ֳ꣬·һʯ
һľٶþλͬʱעĿ䶫ȴͽ޹ŰӲмЦ
ֻɣһԾ£תҲ֮ϡ
µİػʯһ˼꣬͵̧¶ȥɲǣһķ̶йâһšգ۹󣬲ʯɣֻվ΢΢
ڴ˿̣ŵӰٿ


795 թ
һʯ䣬һµѰšԱߵȴЩĲɣʱ׿Զ
ٻǰΧһȦɫɡеīæһ֮ͨɫ⡭
ӵ۹ǰʵһѰʲôأ
һֱϻһʯЦשʯ䣬Ǳ޳ܡǺǡǰָ
ǰ״һɲǣŴ˲Լνڡԣһòݱܷâȴ漴ϳȦ⡣һˣգ۳Թߣһ˴ٲſô˸ֵһС
֮Уֻб޳ܣȴԼı΢СŲò˱ϢɫȻһʱ޴Ӹı䣬Ƿ֮Уһٷ羰ʶһ顣ҲԺ
⣬ڣoӰ֮صƬ޴Ѱ˵֮ǰ˵ʡ
ֵѡԶ£һȰοⲻأΪף֮Ŀ˷ŵΣ֪һͷΪССľźãֺѰأ
ӵ۹һһתԶȵ˵ѽĪ⣬мֵŶ
Զԣеһ˵ͷֵҷ׼˵һ仰ᣬң֮Ȥ˵ţеʯ˳ȥأԹЦݡ
Զһ˼ᣬĲءֵѾ粻
ڴʱ˵һҹ
ǰ֮ǰŸʿΧһȦɫĪŵһæµȻͽ޹ǧѰٵһоǰȴ޴Ӵϲĥʵ˰ٰ͡ŰӼīľᣬȲˡ˭˴˴Σ˭˵ס
ʶŰӳٻвɡ˸ҵ룬˱һͬת˵ЦС
ˣһ붼һ䣬ɫЦݵȥںر˫֣°̧ת˵Զ˵λǰæڴ£š
һֹⷬҵĸ⡣Żģô˵ͷˣǰ˳ԳΪΣ뻯ʿֵֻһˣʱкβң
ɵվһԣһԡС˾ƱŶ
ԶͬȴεҡҡͷԼôǸŴɵŵӣΪǵʶԲ
ͻŰɫ΢䣬߳СӣĪҪʶô
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īͷ͵һ㷽ŷ˽ƣΪҵȽѱأϷ˵˵˴̽һ
һǱ˫֣Զһš
ŰɫɢīӿЦ֪СӳԨԴȰ˵ֻңԾ䡣
ӳ£˵ʲŵǷףֵҪ黳ˣʹֶơ
ǰˣӻδ˵꣬һתǸȻ˵ǰ룬СɸҲӣֻǡˣһ˦䣬Ϊѵ衣ת֮죬ûԶЩʼϲ˲룬æȥ
״λĸ˽ɫһСӣǸӲ
һδǰó˵طһ㣬㵱ʲõǰزʯ֮ϡλܣ֮ǻԶµЩԪӤʿû˲ʯ˼׷״˹
Ӹ£һ˵ʯǷΪʶȴһ󡭡
󰵲أε֪ŰվŲһ
һٴɫ˵Ų㣬˵˵ңλǰɣֺһ٣
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ɢ˳Űӵһۣתһ˵л޷ԷƤһֻñ͡
˳һüһ˵ʯ磬Կѣȴ˴˫һ̯ڳ޿κεӡ
ŵôԣĪ˵λĸһЩԪӤʿǰزʯϵ󷨵ԿĪǱѰͨ;֪󷨾ǰȴҡֿеΣֽΣĳ˻л
ڳĸǱ˴˻˸ת붢һӺЦ˵ֵѣѴ˵
ɢ˺Ǻһ֣˵ϷȣѴҵԵ
Űһ飬˵ĿԿ󣬵޲Ӧʣ⣬֮ڣϷɱ㣡һĶԹΪ֪λҶڹעһµ޲׿ϣǳĬԵĹһʾͬ
겻ɱңôǣһŰӣ̶ң˵Ȼλǰִˣֻʵ桭ָɷԲĲʯŷ˵ΪżӳַɳԿ
ǺǣӳַʯƷʯǼƷʯҵȽԲģؽԸɢЦΪʿ˭ûаʯΪȻԵɫ
ӳַߣֻʯһ΢΢һЦ˵ɾɫ㵣ڲʯ֮ϣ˫֣ɼ󷨣ɾóԿ֮⣬ǿĽΪܱŵڣԱ㷨ļӳ֣
λĬȻ˼
ȺĻʱҵһӳϿʱ󷨱Ϊɾ˻Ȼ͵֮Ͽ龧ʯء
ӿһ۵Զ̧׳һ˵ֵѣдһɾ֪ɿʹã
һֽǿָľʯץδ˼˵ʹãԷȻת˵оſɾɳԿ󷨡īŽһöѰŵڣǺǣλǰѴ򲻱ǿʯͷʲôûء
ſɾɫ΢䡣һɾ֮ףҪſ飿æһԵĵѣȴһſɾڻʿ˵ûⶫʯԣ
һȺڳɲһЦڡҿû˵ʮ˿ɾȻ˼תԶⲻص˵ͷ
ȥ޵ƲС졣˿ߺߵһǼ⡣СӣԲİҷŻæҪɾȴתҪռҵıˣûĵģһֱҵĽơ
һӵСŮ˼̹Ȼ˵ұ֪ղſɾŲ£ˣԭƱҪɾӣ˭ͬʱ׳һ䳤һת˲оſɾ
ֻɾȴòСӣߣһڣƳһ㶢һ˸ͬܣһĪ
īһȰοĪҪСʧҲͬ׳һɾҪҪһҧ۵ͳһһĲῴһ˵ϷõĽƣīŽһö䲻֪ʹãƴ֮ɡɡδ˵꣬һ˫֣ɫ˵лīǰͣ
Щͣ½Ų۲ؿһӹ˽ơ⣬īķ֮ɽ֮ƭƭﵽⲽأ޷찡Сӣǿ󷨣λǰ㡭
ɾ뱦ﵽ֣һһҪ׵ؽ˺ȥ㹻ıǮ
һܵΣԭƶŽƱȻ˼¡һ̬֮͵ؽһɾ飬¡ѵɾ⣬ٿûʯв
ɲǣһŹâӲʯӿ
Σڳ˽˹һɾԿ󷨣ֺʲôǽթλʿļƽϣɫϲֻǹâ֮УʯͻȻֳһڡ
ڴʱһһЦ̧ǰһʱǶûӰһӰӵȥ


796 Ų
һʮɴСĵ¶ѨһĹ֮¡ѨһľͷĿĹâ֮УԼɼһȽյʯš
ʯŸΪɫʯƣȴѳһһСڣѸ͵м
ⲻ֪˶õڣͻȻһâһ쾮֣ʮӰðʱԭءڶ˾͡С
һҷֱվžŴˣǻԶһԪӤʿһɲǣΪǰ㵲ѡ
޼İزʯ֮Уǰ˭뵽һƬ֮¾ȻôһѨâʯű󣬱Ϊ֮ĳ֮ͨ·
⣬ʯʮԶĵϣһ߸ɱʬϲѱһλ곤ʿ
һУڳʿԾɲڴʱѨͻȻһ
ʦ֡
ѭȥֻŰһ㵽Ǿźǰ漴ԭأþʧ
ӿң۹һһӶ꣬΢΢£˵ǧԽŵգ֮ţ˰ٿĪ硣ˮʯʦֳӵȥȴȻΪˣҪŰӵһ˵仺ǰڳʿƶȴǸԲʯš
һ˴˴һδһܵĶһ߻׿󡣹âת֮䣬ǹᴩѨһȺԪӤʿأԶԶ뻨ͬĿľ档
һתǰ۹ʬ֮ϡ
ŰӳŵϵźƬ̧̣óһǬ˱ƽ˵ƣ޾̣ʦȻɵҪ˵ֺ뼱һʱҶ㣡ߣ
ƶŰӵ̣ǰͣɫ˵ִŷձصʳ
˸˹ɢ˲ҪǻЩͷȰʱ֮
λ˵ʱһ۹ʯţ˼
Ӵ̡ġһ·ɽǣǷǷǣһ䴦
ǧ֮ǰŵӴӺɾеõ˽Ϥɾ䣬ӽԶΡ
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˺ŵӿ޼ķѰʯǰ˴ֻһʬյأçײȡź֮Ҵȥȴľʿײһ׷ɱ
ĵ޶ʱز֧ǰǡµԪѰλŵĵر˲¼ɣòֻ̲ԪۡˣԳԪˡ
ǧ֮ûԪֻһһСʦͽˡڳԪµĹ̷ɾϾһΪʦȥ֮ɽ̤ϽɳѰɡȴģǲĽѣδ˵
ʱմʱһкƳ䶨ɲ֪ΪΣһңңȽյʯţͷһ㱡
ݡأȥǧĹˣΪĲҪԽһδ֪ţԼһ·ˣȴֻ˵ߵδ֮·
ɵӼɵһأұǰͺߡǾʹ˳ţǳ˷ȥֻΪѰԼ·һֻǽʼ
һ֮ʣ˫Ŀһ
ǰһﻯʿ鼱ʯšʮ֮ڣȻٽʮ֮ʱʯϵĹâͻȻըĪƺȻϮ
ɫһ䣬вܣ㱻顪һ˳ȥͨһ±ݺˤ˵ϣȻٶ꣬ۿɼһѪ⣬ٿȻʯŵĹâ֮С䱾Ѹݣת˲Ϊһ߸ɱʬ
һͫ΢ͷһ
һ̣ټĶѨ֮УšǰˣԪӤʿĿɿڴ
ŵ۷ڣֹĻʿô˲ɱ֮ͨ·ֻ֮š
ϢĹ󣬻ӺƻعһУŵתЩԪӤʿ£һɫȻæֻʱ
Զɫ԰ףסһվδǿֹͣסһ
µİλʿĬĬŵϵʬɫȻյľλͬתۼһλ
ð֮ӷ볤̾һ̧ͷʯţδתԶŵСǰ
ŽһλӣλģߡæӦһսսźǰݷڵءóǬźȥٴתʯţ£˵ԵڼŲͽκΡ԰գȻҡҡͷȥ۹ȴƳһ
ԵڼŲǰһɲɣ˲׹ֻءвʣȴˣµȴʯţɫò
ǧ꣬ȴ÷ɡòѰеͨžȴǰһʿԪޣǴ˴Եֱ𡭡
ɢ͵ض㺰īѣҽ߳ףһԣ
īһɬص˶ɱⳢԣʯΪɫʯƣڡϲȱīĳ޷ɽ⡭
޷ɽ⡭ɢֳ̾Դߴٵֶβʩչ¿ɲǲҴŵʱ򣬴¹غԶ
˵ǹغԶ˵غԼҵﴨ˽ɫΣŰӵɫһתȵһʦֵΪ֮ãϷ
Űӻ䣬ڳ뿴һ
ɢɫһϲæٻһó
ī͵ãá
ʱ˿̣Ϊ˿ʯţݵĻǲֵңгһ¡ߵͣ½Ųɫڴ
ǺԺŰ׺߳СӣҲӣϷң
ﱻɱ֮һԭضҲվţֱʯţɻ󲻽⡣ͻȻΪʸ֮ģʵЩ⡣ŰӳƣüһЦǺǣ˭˵겻ɱңԸɣ˷Со̸ֺġ
ɶ񡭡Űӵɫ콻ӣһʱ޼֮йŵϵ󷨵Կ겻ɱһ鼱֮ȴ磬񱻶Էἰŭ޵֮˿ԻģȴŵؼĶС
һϷû˵겻ɱ㣡ֱͦ˴׳̬ϡһ˵ŰŭԻٳĹ޸͵͵ֶ֣ʰСӣ
һһͣⲻԶҪһϵĶλһȰ裬֮ǰһζʾýȻ෴
ܵοһЦ˲֮⣬㻹ҶһСʹɱ֣˾ݸ˷緶һڳĸǶ˽˾ûƽϣֻй޵һʱȥ
ŲɫһıӰ㻹˵Ǹҡͷ㲻ƭɾŸλǰһָɣСӣǴ鷳ˡ
ƣ˲˲Ҷ̡ʱĹֻƤƱһơеԹ֮ɫŨȴ޴ӷһȴ־һöŰʾ˵
Ű˵Ǽ٣ϷһԱ֪
һֱ߬ҡͷܾǸû˶Ⱥãٻɱ˳һԣ²ͣɫ壬߹ŰӵԡԷǿֻƺһǿŭ
СӣҪɾʱǺ⼸λԻȴɫСֻҪһ˳ӣһЩкηĹãĿԴ


797 ȴ
һԽ˼λˣʯšʮɵĵطǽͣ˽Ų
˿̣缤ݣ֮ĪɱѰ
һͷϵĵۣһɼĹâϮ绯ΡͨݵǼλɢ˵Ĳм篹Ȼͬ졣ֿ˿еƲƲǡ
һʿûʲôռɾı˴ţڳиˣ֮١Ű㿴еΣųƷѡʶŵµûôԼòվ
ǰɣһ˫վٲŲ벽ʯֻʮԶǵĺкĽס˸¡һ̣ǹâ֮Уɫ㱡ҫ۵гţŷȥ
ɲǣһɫһеƴСΪƣªз֮ɴбһ껡֡õ֮һֱʲôãδ⡣ʱ˿̣ôһŹֵԿʯ
ʯŵʮ֮⣬һĬȻâŨҴµӰԼȡʮɡʮԶһɻˡԪӤʿ
һֳӳȴͽ޹δ̧ۿǰɣֱۻӶ֮͵ʮ֮ʯšһٿȻȥʱû˹â֮С
ɲǣ顱һ죬ǵ⼤أԽһͷֱѨԶȥ
״λĸ˱ʧ䡣ãѿ
ͬʱһֱעһٶŰȻֱץȥȴֵ˲䣬һɫâƿնգ۱㽫ǿߡأɫ㬡
һͷҲûأŲæϵޣץǿʾⲢǿʯ֮°Ī󣬶Ѩڿռ
ɫɥɢ˫üһչͻЦѰ˴һµ֮꣬
ʯ֮ʮа˾ű֮ͨ·䲻ý룬ԺͷڳĻʿʣԪȣ߲꣬ǧ꣬νʱҴȫԸ֮£Ѱ֮ɴֱ򡣻·ڻ֮ǰ𣿵һ߻ԵѰѰȥ
ɢ˵ĻλĿԡīε̾˵ת֮ҵе伮ҪѰ֮⣬ҵȻȺȺѽ
ɢ˻ζӣɫ˵֮⣬ΣתЦԳǧ꣬ȴҪµĳ⾡һʯ֮ϣɵŪ˰
ﴨأԶʯŲƿ۹⣬ȴҰο֮ȴȥֹҲһԵ
ǰ󷨣޲ߡǰ⶯ʯţǽЩĸ̾СУǰܡ֮£ݽݽ棬ûʲôͬ
ܴ֮£ơīɺʰ֮󣬱ѰͼȴŰɫ죬æһתֻһȻԭأԶ˲ԡ
һûϡʱʯţгâ
֮ͫ£ǰڹâеʯɼߣ·ֱֳࡢסơڡϺɫɷǹ졣ɫϺʯϣָѳһȭͷСһСĻڣ˵ӿ
Σһ˼϶ǿȵ꣬ʯŵĽ쳣֮ϵĻڣڣǲܽϣֻ޴ƽ
һԶʯţҪһ׵ʿɲȱ̸ףһüͷԿ˼ڤ롣ڷ֮ʱһ⡣Ǽʿ֪ôطջɵʹָ²Ŷ룬뼱һʱպ跨ͼ֮俴ڵʱȴƼҹɫе⣬ҲŲŲ
һ˼ãͷһ˿էէ֣ȴȻ׽ס£תȥ֮̾ϢڶѨӷĬȻŰر˫ۣ˵Īһǡ
һ˫֣δ̧ŲͻȻ˫üһѶһʯͷδɣ͵תӱ۱㽫Ͷ˳ȥ䶯ڳһϢСҷʯŵĻڲɡ
ˡһ죬ǿдķʯȻ׾ٵش˽Ƶ赲ֱʯ֮Сգ֮䣬ϵһȻʧǰǱ˵Ϊ֮һ
Σڳ˽־ϲСӺķ֮ƽ֮б㲻ð˶顣޾֮·
ɿ֣ŰâɢЦݣ쳣ﴨʧɢЦ޵̬ӥա鲻Խܵڤڤ֮еڳĻʿԳ֣ɵǰƶ
ǻԪӤʿ·һĿ¶
ӽǣɵ߬Сȭͷ漴һǰȥԶԳɣæ
ſ֮ʱɷһɡ
ʱһΡʯţһɫȻͷһ֮£๦䲻ɵһ
ʯŵɫʯʼһв²⡣ҪסϺĻڣһʯͷɡҪ֪ɾ֮ڣǴػɽʯΪ֮ɫɾ֮ڣΪϳ࡭ĲϺʯͷȭͷСĺɫڡ
ʲǿϺķʯɾǵˮ³ǡ棬һžһšʯŵʯ֮£뻹ó
ˮ³Դͨٶɣǵʯɡʯ֣֮ͬҪɲȱʹ֮ϽҴһʯֺĺʯҪƳƣסڣȻֻǰ
˽ٽһ粻ֻ˶϶һʯͷ뿪ɽ;ɣӵʱ򣬲ƹٱһǽĺڸʹֽ̹ԷϽġʯϽ磬񲻾򣡴￴ʯϵʯ£Ƿһ޴ӵ֪
顰ʯ϶꣬һȴſûкɫڵķ֮תȥȴͻȻʯͷ
Ȼʯµʯͷ˵ҪһʯȻ֪顰ʯֽΡ
һԶ˶תҡλʿԵ˽ǰһ۹ͣԴΪһڹֶ
ˡ
һʯϴڳ˽ͷһǰ£ǿȭͷСʯֺǶ˻֮С֮ɲǣ羡˵ƵȻ޴档
ǺܾãֻһȹرǧʯţͻȻһ̻ͬʱܵĹâȻۼһհ磬էйٴδӳŶӿ̼㽫׵һС
һδǴŲ˼鶢ǵĹâ֮䣬Ȼ˫أʯšǰǵϸĹâ
״ڳ˽ԻȻ򡣲˻ڣʯţɼҵ󷨣ɴ˱򡭡
룬˵Ӱܲʯţȴ̡顢顱׹ءǵâͬݣһԽ޴룬ɫȴתһٴȲس˹ȥ˷ֻŶһ·
䡪һ죬ŰٴεڵءϵĽŭСӣҵסϷȥ·δ䣬˰һԾ𣬻һ⼱Ϯȥڱصá
ڴʱ⼸λ׷ЧŰӣһҪһǹâ֮·֮;ݼš
䡪һ죬Űӵȥһ٣˵ڵء
ʧ̾ҵĽƣҵī
˺ùر󷨡
ŭһ˵óѡ
ŰӵٴԾܻؼеķ
һ󣬶Ѩعž˽ԭأʧʯȻʧǰֻһƬڰ


798 ҿ
޼ķ䣬ǰǰһȺɫ졣
ɾԪĺľʱΪֻ̣ص֮УһУĪ
һԵεºܡŰŶƽĹͷһ֣ûסǸСӣʯʧ·Ͼæ˶ˣԼʦֵ˽ȥǳȫһС
û˶İ裬ȥˣͨµûˣҵֽȥδӣĻдĲΣ˸ҵ¡
һӳɾԪ֮ʱ⣬󷨲ѡãҵָδѰ١ī뻰δ˵꣬ס̾һ
ȥδӣﴨַףҡͷԵ߶һ䡣£˵澳֮Ȥ԰գ˹ʾ⣬תƮȻ޼
ȡ֣µдաʿΪ־֮ȴһɵĻԵһʧ䣡
ﴨȥ˵صǰɢ˺вһŰӡ빫кûУ̱Զ
ųԶȥıӰɢ˲ΪȻ˵ճɣҴաתӵˣֵΪʱ磬ҵȲȥ
ǰͶһƳĬĬ˵ͷɢī޲֮⣬漴λ˱Ҫ뿪޼
ǰҪȥԪӤǴ׷ңȴ
Ӷ޼ɫȻҪ汮ֱɾرա
ɢͽ飬ԷݡԶȴԸҪͬӵѲʯ
Դˣο׿ϣɢ޻˵
һԶȥ֮޼޼ǰֻʣӰ
ԶӵһԣϥԳʯĬĬ꣬£ʵӵҪʯҪֵѵĹ
ӴӾ˫ۣؿԶʵҵС˼ȥϻת
Զɫ⣬ת˵ʯѲ򣬱ǻǰ಻ԸΪ˵󹤷򣡡
СһƲΪȻ˵˵Σɾر֮٣оأ߾ȫһԣ򣬻ѡ
Ů־ԶԶ̾硣֮ʧ˵ֻϧֵһȥ˺֮ա
һȻ˵ˮҿ𣡡԰գ䴽ǴЦʯ붨
Զü˼ˮҿ𡭡

һµϿȣʯᾣɭֲһµİӣļŰȴľս硣
һһʯıɫ㵡ǰԵɺ֮¿ʯŲ˴󷨣ڴֱϽ磬һΣת֮䣬ȴĲ̹;ֻ޾աʲôڡ
·ޣȥ·ֻһ޾ͷѨʮɣɣ̺ɣļѰ
֮֮һֻ񣬰ԲߡڣѰɴһ·ѰȥáͣпɽƲΣݡ
ϢƬ̣һתϹâڴʯվ˽Ų綵ͷѸͣһˤ
һæվȣɫһ䣬æͷǿ֮£ǲĹâǿŲˣתȹ
״һ԰Ƶۣɵ磬ȴҪſԳ־áֻΪ㹻ǿ󣬱ԴԽ֮ء
ʶ뷨ѼԶŲطУֻôͽǰ·ֻ²ߣ
г˻һ˫üһ̧˽ŲδȥԶһġǿվ֮Իҧǰ
һ֮һһʯͷ£ƣȴһ˳·ЦôãʮԶӤķˮȥǿȥֻħӤӤΪȻһʱ֮ڣ۱ᱻ˺Ƴáĩˣֻڴ˶ա
ˣ·ߣУ
һͳʯУĿ֮·գǱһʯͷ£ȻЦˡ
ǰУǿͣĵӾ硣ǰ߳ԶħӤַǳˣһӦ
֮£һգȿһǿǰ
֪һȥµĶѨɡȻѸͣӰôǱ
һʯͷıһǰδתһƨڵϣĿɫһ꣬ȴֻ߳˶ʮˣѨڵĴʯͷ١ԼʱѰ֮أǱи˼ֵľȡ
֮⣬һΪҲÿЪϢɵϢ˰£ǰֻϰʮɡѨ²ǧ֮ȥʱǸͷ
˷ĥûջ٣һΪڻ
ʮȥһӰڶѨжУļѡʮꡢʮȥ

һɫӰڶѨбܣΪɡδȥɣٿȻԵһĴʯͷ
֮󣬴ʯͷıֳһΣɫײɫĵȻʡ֮ϥ£ֳһŷ֮ʱǰȴδֻ֮۶ƾ硣
ΪޣŲ˶áʯͷȻ鷳ˣ
һʯĿʮպֻƷʯɡЪϢһ£˾ͷȴδŸ·ǴȻŲ
֪䣬ӤΪȻ˺ڵԲħӤӤȴǳϵһֻд֮ӤΪߵбԭѰʱȴһĸ⡣
ӤԴͬ졣Ӥڡ澭Բ֮ˮɡӤħӤʵΪǿ쳣ѳ˴˽ʿȴ벻ͬĸ򣬷ǰ߱ȼֱյԲ
˵һҪֲͬĸ򣬲ӤΪ뾳ԲȻ޴̸
һ˼Σɵüͷһ־ĸǧѣ˱ԼҪֲͬľ磬ҪһһԲҪ²ܻ񡭡
£˴һ׿˻ķǣĥ˴ѹȥ˶ãʮ꣬ʮ꣬ǰꣿ
˶꣬ʿաԪӤʿ԰꣬ĲʮĹⶴѨڰգһæŸ·һʱ֮仹벻ȥ˶á
Ƭ֮һ룬뵽֮СǰļϣʱĽࡣǰգ֧;ȴȻδĴʯͷ
һɢʶӻͫ˸ҪѰһܷڡİĶѨڣ˹̺ХʲôȥʮɣϵͻȻƮ죬ѡ
ҳɣһæֳۣһɫףȻӿ졣аԶǰǲֻ֮ľʱᱻûʱ˿Ψǰһ·
鼱֮ʱһֹסȥƣȻסֻҲʯϳһĶڣΪĹ졣룬һ˹ȥ벻ʮɣһͷ뵽һŹâ֮УʱʧȥӰ


799 䲻
ÿļ紺ɽʢĵľһյĻƻʱ֣ʿ̤ɫĺ
С֮⣬糾֮ԣľɫڲס۹⣬ԸпĪ
Ǻǣ֮ҡ˵ǸʮͷӣŻɫۣ㣬ɷǵģǰһϲֵɽɽ򡭡
ֳӵµͼʾɽɽڣػǸӣף˫üޣȲԴ̸ֹ֣˼ֵء·ٿǰȻСסһ񼤵̾ĳˡ
ЩֹסϵЦ⣬ǺЦ漴ҡҡͷ˵ʦֳǰнɽʦǳҶ˲Ѱȥ
ʱ绮նΪⷽƽ˼ֵĪ⡣ǱʦַףɽңţݵĹȣֳתڡĪǣһԤ֪ĳҪ𡭡תְȻ˵Ϸѷڵʦƣӣʦڴ޷Ҳδ
Ǻǣʦ֪Ҷ˷ҲһЩϲɫѽִͻʵ̬˵˼ԪӤΪԷΪȻ˵ֳ뿪֮ʱһֻǽ𵤺ڡѹԪӤչޡ
һڴˣδػһ⡣Դĵ붫˷ƾֳµͼһ·Ѱݡ
ԪӤԲΪ˷𵤵ڡ;һ࣬پݵĸпͬ˻ռһԱиŴ
ʶɽȻ˵Ϸȥҡ

ʮ֮ɽɽĶǰ붫˷ɽԶԺʤȻûʱ¡
յŰݷܣԵҵļڡԷδʧȥΪ˰ЪϢĵط붫˷ֻ¡˭һչȥҵȻû¶档
˽գҵѰԭɫԲ͡һССļԶĿˣһ佻鲻ƽϣ־˵ĹȻţϷ㴳һδزһƬ
ǺǣʦԼǣ˷չѰ˿ƽ̹£˵ΨмſɻϤҼʦ䣡
üͷЩε˵ټľݣҪѰһ˱룬̸ף룬˷ѵֳöһԣ
˷ӦеʦԣԵһԣһתЦʦεأͷҪѰزѡ
ΪȻҡҡͷ˵˾ݣҴġֳӶ㣬Ī˵һʿ˴׿ȥӰɽ䰵δתһ԰Ȼ̬ϡ
˷ȴȻæӭǰȥ
ת֮䣬ʿڶǰΡһλģӣŶףòһλػŮӣȣòˡ
˷δڣԷȻ
ͣλǰѣǽڵ֮һԵŮӸִ˵̶ˣ
һһŮ֪֮ˣ˷Լҵ䣬һ䣺ǰԷǣͷЦЦ٩ǹѼ
أŲ۰գʾ⡣
ʹǸʩһ˵ó⣬ղŵûתϤǰĹã²ҵæǰʧ֮λǰλѼ£
˷ͷһæʵѣƺʦΪǰʿеǰȻԪӤĸɡ˵ʦȻǡ
ͷһɵ˫ۣɫɻ
⡣ǰʱչӣΪӣ᲻֪ԼʦΪǳ
ת򶫷˷ǸȻһЦ˵δ˵ǰйӣˡĳªţλʵ⣬д֮ɫɣתĻȴǰָ
ԣ𰵰ŭС˵ûأɵȻ˲ɣ
˷ͷһ漴Цǧ࣬ɲΪѰʦ𣡶һֻҪ鷳أ»С΢ʱ˵أָβ֤ʵԼҵף
ʵʦƫԶ硭£˷ɫ˵ʦٶǰΨһĵӣ֪⡣֪˼ҵ䣬ԱҶѰȥ
˲ҪѰǰ䣬һ񣡡͵һЦ׷ʵλǰĵʾɣ֤
˵һ䲻̲סʵԪӤΪǵ˹ע
ֻмʦڵĹû֤˷Ϊѵ̯̯֣תֲʦڴı㱻׷ɱֹᵽ˾ݻĲ䲻ִӺ˵𡭡
̶һʼղֻŶİˡԷɫαȻһЦ˵ǰĺպھݿν˲֪˲硭
պ˵ݻлʿĴһ˴ַֺ꣬ףأɻѡ
Ǻǣλ˵ʦ𣿡˷ŵؿ̣漴ֻæʵʦ䲻˺¡
͵۹ڶ˷ͣƬ̣ʵλѼȻʦֱٶ꣬ε֪ҵԨԴ
ʦŻȥ˾ݵҡšĹȽΪڣʦѰ˷˼ѿڶַ˵˼ҵʱֻн𵤵Ϊһѽ𽣣ϲˣþϽ«
̶ɫתϲ˵磡ǰδң
ͷŶ˷£ڶǰĲݵϥȻ˵벻ǰĵӵãο
ΪʿȴºҲ˽ľߴҷ緶֮ġŶԷһصһУȻ̶Ĭ
һ֮ʦͽ뵽š֮ŵɽһӤĴϵնԪӤʿ
ɾ֮Уһնɱʮ˶Ȼ֮ǰһݣ
ɾر֮ȴδһĻת˵ɣ˵ں֮ڣ˵ɵһʱ֮˵硣ĪһǡΣ޴֪


800 ֮
̻˰֮붫˷뿪ɽֱŶȥ
йһĺɾ֮Լյ䣬Ե;˵̶֪鲻ࡣʹǰ鶦ԷǲԸǶ¡
һССļУȻλԪӤΪǰǿеĸְ㵲ѡļգֹȴǶ˼ѵõǫ͡
ãԳΪ붫˷İ֮Ѱһ䣬˻ѭŶԷĵطȥһߣһ
һСһҾУ붫˷ڵԵߣԶ˱ਣƷζС顣
Ľֵϣ洦ԼʿӰȴΪߡΣ˷첻⣬ʵʦ˲ԶŵڣΪϾСʿѼһ
뿪֮һ·ɽҲңڡ֮Ȼ˲ҪСһ⡣һԵصķ飬̽һЩŵĴš
˷ʻеıӡ˵ؾˮΪϹƣһζֱӣַ׳£ŽֵԴ˵ɾµǨŭ鶦šԷĳȰãβѣҴ֡ŵϴΪᣬµӽΪ׺֮űƵöмܡ
˴Թ˵ͷ˵ɴ˿ɼɽһţСﰡСϵ죬бʣ
˷еľƱ˵ʦϲʲôֵǸϴ˴˿˳ۣҪţʱ᲻ᡭ
ŵĵطٲڧʱǰţȨһҪ˵̧ۿȥ
ӿնֵϵʿ˷׷׶ܡӣ׺УĿˣš
ȡ˾ˮ֮ĪƹҪֻ򣡡ǰͷǸİСӣڵΪ̬ȻǸʩߡһԸЩæǣִĵЦݷеٺ٣־ԳɽԶУֵܼ˿ŻҲøң
£Ϊִµ߳һ䣬漴۹һתͣɫɡ
ǸôǸڵʿʱȴһ˳ӡæֺͣõʵִ£˼ҵɫðй˲ӡ
ͬȵβִͣ¶ʱŭĲų˲ӣԲޣҪ߳һšԷΪ裬Ǻٺһ֣ʱһԣĲѡ
ִŭɫԻأԶż߳ڴ˴ЪЪţȡ˾һͬɽԷƤĥĥ䣬һɣŻ¹ش󣬲ݵ飡ӹ
һͷƤЦԶȥ
ִºϵغһر˫֣Ȼܡֱ꣬ͦ˰С壬˵ԵľƱһ飬˵λȷɽʿȴﵽŵĵϣͼ졭ͼ찡
Ժú˵ʱ򣬼ִһʱ޺޾²ļ룬ǳ˺òʶȤִ¾ȻĪŲɣ
ƹŵöֻ붫˷ľԡͻһΪ㵲ѡһС˵Ĳ񣬱ŵӵ
أŲ˾ƵıǳλȻδ˷ȴǺǺһЦ˵СݵҶǡһƳۣת˵Ҷ˲;˴޴⣡
ִ½һ٣طʵ˭ҳ
˷˵½Ϊ𱰣ĪǴ˴йء
ֲССɣԵµĹأִ°һ̧Ī˵Ǽ˵Ϊʤһ޹ͣ¹ʻ
óȻǰƣѰкβͬ˷£漴Ц˵֪Ҷ˵Ϊʤһ˵ķתںҡҡͷźʵѰҶкλ˵
ʤһкãִһٴɫ߳˵Ϊʤù߳ϣʤùҼҵĺϴ󣿡
˷۹һȵ˵ҵλϿԪӤڵĸˣˣҼʦв硭˵ƵͬλԪӤǰʾִ²󡣶תĻʵ䷴ԷһеԪӤʿǰδ뺣λǰȴշתڴˣͼ죡
ᡪһ͵ؽƱһ٣أһԨԴǳѷȥ˭СȻѲγ裬ʵ޿̡ڴĵʱ򣬺ʱܹ衭
ʦϢŭ˷æ£Ȱο˼䡣ɫ࣬˿ڴץ˱һڹȥˮ¶ǣû֮ǰζֻеĿɬ
ǰ˵ӣִ²ɵúǣɤŽеԪӤʿݻû˸ŵĵҰȻҼҴ֪ˣǻ㲻ã
ִµţʦʱҪŭ˷ΡɱһС׾٣ȴ޲˵ˣǴİ˾Ǳʦֻȡ衭
ͷ˷һǬ˼ִ¡ԷԽֹȴһץס֮ȴĵ߳Ρ
˷Ӧϵùع֡һʿһСκΣ£òͷʦԸ˼ҰȻȻտĳ˴ඣ
ֵ֮ƣִ¹˲ó磬æͷ޺ƲҹݲʰһʯŵӶˣ྽
˷ûǰЦҲֶ˾þɽɢޣ¡е֮λѼһ
ִϵǬˣ̧ͷ۷ȴɻ˵ɢ޿ɱӵĵ긻ԣˣ
Īǳɢޣ˷һ̯̹˵ŵĵ׽һȥȫкηһתֺЦ˵λһʣ֪ɷԵС弸
ִ³Զһۣȥȡĺδתֱ˫ֵ֣˵ɢһңǵֺء
˷ȻЦ£˵ǺǣִƲ
ִɫԵã̧һſӣҡڵŶ˷ڰ˵λѲؿףִ¼ӵԷͷ⣬æкƹϾơһ̸ЦٲȻĺѡ
һ벻һΪλôһţЩH֮Ϊ鲢Ƴ硭


801 Ū
ĲԶһɽ֮ϣ붫˷פԶʮ֮Ⱥɽ֮УǧɵĶһ죬Ρ롣
Ƭַ֮ףãȴƵأ
˷ȻЦݣ˵ӵɢޣɵʦţ
ǰǳϡһթײ֮ͽȻֵʰķΪϡš˷֮Է۱ǸӵĿл֪ŵһСһƽ
ŵĵӲ࣬ġ˽ΪϵΪʮλ𵤵ʿԪӤڵԪӤڵĺϴɽš
һţǿŵĶʢ֮ʱ֮һ䲻ϴɽͷ˴ʱʱֶ⣬ֵòֺ
˵ǰĵӣԪӤڵΪҪԸҰĲĺϴѡԷȴһɽ˶ڣԭɽŵӷ
Դˣ޿κΡ֮УİǺϴ¡Ϊףʮ˵ֻ֣ѱԷɨسˡ
˷Щϧ˵ʦһղڣűһջҲֹȻҶ˱ڴˣ
ϴ׺ᣬɵҡͷǿͬһţֻԺͣ£ʵŵڣȻнʿԪӤֵӰӵἰŴսʵ֪ǺԵʡ
˷˵ݼӵԣ֮ǰϴеĽʿȥ˺⣬ֻӿŻԵɣڵĺѱ꣬Ǻǡ
²𲻽һ̾ڴĵʱĳ˵졣ֳ֪ĶأܲΪȻ¾ΪԼ˾֮󣬶Դչȭţ˭ò˴˴йһĴ˵һĿһеСǼʿǼӵ֮ûһԪӤĸ˷ƽȴ޴⡣
ݴĺɾ֮УǧԪӤʿŴǰһνʢǰ֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
һˣʱֻнڵΪ̶̵ȥȻǿֵľݴټͷ
ʧʵһʦǺεΪ
˷˾ͷ˵ʦԪӤСɵΪݴʮԪӤֵΧ˼ңս޲ʤ
Ȼˣ˵£ûʧ꣬һɾ֮У˰ǰ¡һڵʿ˰ٶΪԪӤڵĸ֣⡭ɵҡҡͷص˵ԣš
ʦ֮ˣ˼ȥ˺δ˵ӣһա˷أ˵ͣĲɣǺһЦתʵʦŲ˰ҵָδȥ
˵ͷʰĪ壿ٲǸ֮ˣ꣬׵һЦԶʾȥĹһ⣡˴ˣֶֻѰȥ·ˡ

򡭡
һ˵ɽȣ쳣ʮСɽ嶸ͣΪѩǡĹȵףվ׵һĿĴ㵡ﲻԪֻеƮš
΢Ĺâһ϶ɫۡŲתȥٴԻ֮СһԶǵһ˶ߵʯţѩ񣬺ǲۡȴĸģС֣ŵߣ롭
˴֮ǰʮ꣬ǰæˣȻŵ룬Ҳʹ˻ת
δ룬żɻһỬѩʯšвٽߴ顱һ죬ǱɳȥԶ
δ֮ʱһȥѩ裬ﻹʯŵӰæʶתͫԼѩɽ֮аǿĪĽơ֮⣬ռŵɽȲ쳣
ףһסһزȥˣˣòʧľͷ˵ڡ
֮һǰֻίѸ͵֮£Ų·֮ʱϡͿشܳµĶѨȻ޻ת֮ʱĽʴӣ
һƲƲ죬Щܻ͵سˡɷһԾ𣬲ݷ˵Ӱȥ
䡪
һضɽҡ֮Уѩ׷ɣʯĽһʮɵĿѨѩɽ£ȴʱʯšһſǰһУ˷֪ڿնɫ΢䡣ֻɵĸ߷֮ϣѩ̮£ͬκˣڣźХķֱɽȶ
Ƭ֮ѩֹԭɽȣΪѩ֮ǰʯڣȻ޼Ѱ
󵨡
һڰԶͻȻһ߳ǡɷתȥ
ӰٽΪ׵һԪӤڵӣλʿŭģ
һɵؿˣԷ˰֮⣬̲סʵ˴ڣǺηʿ
⻰ŹŹ֣ԪӤʿ͵ʮֹסΣĸʿɢ԰ں˶ֵļơΪ׵ȻʣλԺη
һ˫֣ɫɵ˵ĳԾݡ˵ţԶķ档˴ʶ
ͻȻðԪӤʿɣȴһʱѱǳμ棬ϷŰⲻƣŭλѲ룬ҵɹǰں޼ꡭδ䣬ſ³
š
ɹȣ޼ҡһɫһæֹǰĽŲΪ⣬һö꣬ȻأŵҡͷЦ⻹Ū˰
ԪӤʿҪһڰ֣ε˵˵ؿͨ޼ҵĵɹȣڡ˭ųڣԷŭʢ߳ɸֱҼҳ䣡
ڵʮ꣬ȴôһطһɫʱȻԷ°̧˵ΣٲӭĪĳ飡
ɾ֮Уͨݵɢݺһӵ޵ϡڿӱɱ֮ƽ벽ӼΧ֮£ֻô޶ȥ
һǴвһ񡣳˿ϵĵɹͼһƪ޵ġ֮⣬õһöԭδ޼ҵ׮ϣ˭ڵתһȦ֮󣬻ԼšǻԵɺϣҵˣѰʸס
λ޼ҵʿ˳ԲѷҪȴɫ䡣ɲǣɽһƶȻɷļ͡Ϊ׵ӲȻʧԪӤԲĸ֡
һɵ˵ʮϢ֮ڣٲһ㡭
ҼҼڱչأλĪҪ̫޼ҵ𺧲ѣȴģóһöĸʿŵɫȥ
޼ҵԪӤʿʶôһɱһڴʱԶ˸ߺ
λֵѡ
һѭȥüͷ޼ҵļʿɫһҲѡ


802 ֮
һҪֽѵ޼ҵӵʱ˴Զ顣
ǸݵӣԪӤڵΪƴδģĲȻϵ˽ǰ֪ԼûϴˣּӶҲѡ
ǸԶԪӤʿһͬǲ첻⡣ԷδΪ֮ǰδǷŹ˼޼ˡֻһ֮ԵںɾԪ֮УǸʯ˵ɽӡ
֣Ϊ޼ֹǸ޼ҵԪӤʿѴżӭȥųڣ㱻ɽӻִϵֵѲǶˣѲɽ֮ʱȥ
޼ʿԴ㵣ȴ˷ԸԹʩ֮ȥɽųһ˵Ǻǣʶ꣬Щ˵
һͷЦɫɻɽƽ˵һ𣬱ǰꡣֵطݣһп
ԣһͷһ¶ʮ꣬ѹأһʱɲæѣƲ˵
ɽӺǺӦд⣡ֵѣ룡

һʱ֮ɽӴżʧ뼸Ҵȥˡѩۣ֮һȻ˼ʵţڵµ֮бĥǰ;δѹꡭ
һգһʯûӰ֮󣬻Զ²ʯ뿪޼Եɾر֮ǰľ䣬š빫֣ɱŵĵӡеĸֽȥޡ̫޼磬Ϊ˳˴
ɾر֮󣬾ݵʿתɽţɢ֪Һݺݿһء˷ɾ֮УŽԴԪؽϢ˿ڵʱ򣬵֮䲢ǰݣǲǰԷĵɧ¡ʶʮ꣬ݸΣ
ŵİεİٰƴǲܡһʱ֮䣬֣¸ΪĻҲ
ףɵҪĻǳңֹĴɱɱɲݣֹۼûˣŵӳ˵ˡ˻ңҴһ𣬴սһ˾ٲ˽յĶԹɽѡһͳš
ӵĳ飬ĶһݵذƽŷʹŴһͳ˺µʿɰרעڳ֮
ʴˣűս˼δ뺣ڳƴɱڱ̲ۡսʼŵɽΪŵˡѣƴɱ˵ظ;޼ҵʱ̻˼ա
ɽ޼н飬˳Ҫ˵ĵҩ¡޼ҵĵֵչأֻͣûתɽţʷһڵɹȡ
һǰһ£ھݴķзͻȻ޼ҵĵɹмλˣɽӾ治ѡ˵еǸʲôģںηɷֱָһ
һԻ֮ɽӴʧһ˵ˣֻ˻ˣŲò񡣶ƮѰ֮С
겻ӰһȻ޼ҵĵɹȣ̫˷˼ˣЩǰ֪²׷ֻ޼ͨŽƲϵɽΨǻû˵˼ҴҸȥ
ɽۣ֮һأԱ˫־ĿԶһǿĺϮǲɫ
ȥ˰Ĺֻڵת˸Ȧӣû뿪ݰ벽ʲôˣˣŪˣɵĥһдͷ
˴һϽ«͹һڡݽζһЦ۹˰ѩɽ֮С
麣µĺɾͨݵĵɹȣ಻ǧ֮ңǳ׼ѩɽ޼ңĪǣǸһоʱ˿ֻ̣ﵱµ򣬲޼ĺ
Ƭ֮һϽ«˨䣬նСϷǧͣǵɹȣǰԶ޼ׯԺڡ߼һؽƣʶ
ɹȣȻЩã޼£ûҪѰǸӰ
ǰɽչȥˡŮӲǶλһͬأұչصĵطΪأ޴֪
óȻֵһǾ޼ңȴûٸǰšɽȥʱǸǲ𡢵ﲻΨоԶ֮
ﲻڼңһΪ޼ҵˡóһö˻˼תַ˻ȥѰŮӵıչ֮ɹкúǲաδ뺣ŴսԼй
ͨԱΪɽѩ룬ǧĵɹֻеһ硣һԽɽϿȣѩԭŲæѰʮգȻ䡣
ЪϢ˼֮һٴδڸѩ֮䡣ֹȥ˰£һƫƧĽУлͫ˸꣬˺󼸲СĻȥһѩǰʮֳһʯţģĸС֣ߣ롣
һʯĬȻΣ漴ûѩڸʯţתպȻһƫƧĽ䷢һʯšϣɹȵʯ֮ϣͬĸС֣Եߣ롣
žɽһʯҡͷǻһĨεĿЦʯţֱвͬĸСֱ֣ŵ롢롢Ե롣俴Ѱȴô򵥡Լ⣬øſ롣
ԴֺŵԵأȻˣʯϵСֱһԡǰһߣתȥߣԶ˲ãǺã
ԣ˴һͷһɾ֮Уһͯҥƭ˲ɡʱΪŮſںߣȴָͯҥʾɹʯţƽⲻǾ仰ʹԵ
ʯֻһٲçײ֮١ڵ˰꣬δǶǶѨе繢ڻ֮֮ǰµּĴڡ̤;ɹȵʯűһݾ
һʯҵΣɽεֹȥ˰£ȻѰչصĵطŮһղأʯ֮һղȥв֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬲ûݡĹǣң⣬Ƿһ
һȨ֮һٳɣֱ޼ڵׯԺѰ˴һͷ˽ȥԷȥ

շתѮգһݹݣҴݵһСϡɫ磬ЪϢ
һС򣬴һԺ֮ڣǰмӿأһЩʿ
˷·һ󣬻רѰƫƧСԭͽ鷳ˣѭŽֵﻹһ̳صƣٽǸʿصԺ䡣
žһһеĿվ̳ӣδĨĨ̧ͣǰȥԺʮԶɫһֻӭһһŮͬԭء꣬һ͵Сӡ


803 
ƫƧСϣȻײôˡһʱһؽйŵķ˶㵽˸ǰ֮ĻһϤݼЦ
һѿǣЦЦ۹תǰǿ߽ŮӣԪӤڵΪһϮۻƳȹˡԶΪɫ졣
һΪⱲӼСˡ
Цһ˵ǰųڣԷӶŷʺƣں˵ֵܣؼ⡭
Ĺ֮£һִֻżɻתŮӡģӵͽܣԶʦáŵһλ˳ӣƫƧĺСϣԼһͷײ⡭
ŮԳ£¶һĨǳЦ˵ֵѣ
һʾ⣬Ҫ˵ԵĳѴߴٵСӿҳ˼ĺ밡߱˵
ȥδҪݡһԸŲŲ
ʱĳӣһײ͵ĽоݻʮһŸĲ׿һһЦ˵СӣݿȥѰϷȻڴˣһˣ˵ز˵ĵطֵܡĻĹһ֣ȥ
ϷСӡֵܣƺ湻ҵģһǷֵıӰ˼߹ԣҴһƳĬȻ˹ȥ
Ƭ֮ǰ˺ߵһƧ
ӳŴ󺣺ſĴЦӳһۣһķԸ裬۶ʱɴСӨ£âɷ졣
˵䣬ӱԭʧȥӰߵֻһµʹʱʱ֣ʱҪ˶ȥ
ֵܣĥʲôأСѾͷִһѣû棡۹ϴӵĴЦɫһ򴽣ȴ̲סĻס
һεҡҡͷһ˷ۡһԣﲻ֪ʱ̳ӣЦݣ̬䡣Ƿʦһ¡
۶ɺƼˣ򸴺󡭡ӱž̳ӳһڣ̸Ц޼ɡһԵɫȻʦ
СѾͷǲáÿСӣҪռˡںЦʱ˿̣ƣɫʢ֮£˼һء
һ̤˷֮󣬱ԭδӻڳԵ٩̲סٴʵҪȥδ
֪ʣɫһһ̳ӾƸ˰ϣ޺˵Ȼɣ
һü漴¶һĨЦһ·֮רѰƫƧĴ󣬱ܿǷ֮ءԸΥҪͷһ⡣ۣ̹Ȼ£ֱץ˾̳ӡ
ֵܣٶδǾ仰ô˵ţŶһ̳Ͼϲ꣬䵱껼顭ɫһתЦһ¡ִһ־۷ҡֱϣȻ۶ȥ
̳Ӿ¶ǣ²ˡƽӴصҩźò׻ָΪ䱾˴źǱƣδ뺣ս֮ʣʦֶǰȥ֡
ӻ˵ˣ֮䣬һղڵһֵ֪ԵĿɺã˯ÿɺãӹǷ˳ģȵȣΪһֱĲ¡ֵط꣬ʹһʾءڵ׮Լ
ãۼû˷תʵʵŰ仧ɡӵϴ죬˸ãضһЦ˵㻳м飬񲻾һӡ
۹һâ۵糸ǰУԶԶѰԪӤĶݷвһƽۡһǺЦɫ糣ĳ̬ŨȴأԱž̳Ӳ֡һĲ廰ԾŮҵׯ
ӺȻʲôᡱһľ̳ӣ˷ܵСӣұ㽫ѾͷΣǳΪŵ»ǳΪ׷ޣϤ㣡㵸Цպű㽻ִƣӱȴһ׮£
һͷһϵЦûˡӶ⡣һԵסˣּ˵ʦɾƺԡ
ϷǾƺԡԴһҡΣӹһЦתĺʵѾͷĪǿԶԷ˫糺죬ֺ֡˸ãһ˵С䳤óЩȴʤΪߡᣬҶ壡ⲻ˴ָһ˵ֵȥ򣬻ŵԼûϸ硭
һʱпһظµķʱƵĶ¡źе̬ԳĿ˵׮¶ôˣ
ʦæҵ̧ۿȥϲݿܡ״һ֪ˣαزʦԶأʵΡֻʦܾԼˡ
ķ߷߲ƽشͷСŮҵ̬ضˡֲ֧ػӶƣһʾСӰɲֵֻܲ׳ƺһʦɡ
һ£תһЦĬĬеľ̳ӡƵ̳ӺǾװľˮɿڡ
Ļ֮£Ľס͵͵һƳִҴͷȥǲȾ˲ϼڴϴʾܾǰδÿɷģ
һ̬֮궯һ˫ʺơһӵζȣֻá
̤Ϸ֮һʱһֻųƣδ˵ʱ㲻ȥˣرܣ
˾̳ӣһϽ«СһҾƣ˵ʵҲδǰ򡭡
һգͣӵķ˦ȻƭˣСƭˣ
ƭˣƭ˵ı£˭õ̤νġأһ跴˵˽Ϊȥʵ˰꣬񲻹¡
ƺϻָһֹЦ˵Сûƭˣɾ֮Уʮ³
һΪȻصͷȴӦеľƺ«
ӵоһ͵Цݣ̬ȫޡ˫֧Űżϵ̬ʵ޼󷨣ͨδʲôط˰ꡭԷػֱ˰ӣζɫһתٺЦ֪Ǹ֮ˣʵϷһһ
Ƭ̣һһöӡ˼仰㽫˰ϡ֮һЦ˵֮ǰǸԼʹΪֹȡ
ץȻһ꣬Ȼ֮ʧЦΪԵϾȴɹȣʱ򡭡תһǸп˵֮ǰ˴йһԼԳϽݷӰѰ䡣³պҪһ
ذǰ£ֺٺԵһ֣ȵ˵СżŵһԵǳһعȻǲаһӣʹӦе֪Ѿͷ˫˫ɣҪԺִţл޷


804 
һȣһ仰Ҫƴ޼ңڶʱԼʲô˫ִŵȵȣһűܶᡣ
ԴˣӺԤϣ붼һڴӦһԵŲʲôŭʦ֮࣬˸߿һۡ
û£ЦտĳȫȻû˳ģʱȤ£ʱһﶺȤࡣ
һȴЦݹѵĲɡǰЦŭԳµĳӣֻ֣Ͻ«еҾƱһζ
Ǹʿ黫ĵܴżСġӶ޳ܣѱαҲмһˡ˭ʱǨǸ˳һĪǰ̸Ц֮㽫һвٿ硣Ūڹ֮䡣⣬伣꣬һָΪȴŴսĻ֮Ȼǰδ뺣

δ뺣ݻƵĴ˼ΪƫƧƬȴ˸ֵĵط
һĵ֮ϣۼŵʿʮֳڵռһ̣м־ˮˮļơ
ͷ׹ʮδ뺣ɫСϵЩʿû;ˣȺһƳ⣬ʱзĴЦ
ĺɫӰӿնڳԺȵ˶ʱ۷Ź⣬һСţʯ
ӰСϣֱ˴˳ŶԷһۣŷֿվæΧȥһɫڴ
ߣеһǬ߸߾Ϊ֮һͬǷ׵ĺϴ󣬲мغһ˵л˵ƨţΪֵǷʯ£Ƶġ
ϴĻ䣬Ц⣬סһ¸¹Ц
ƺû˵¡Ի£˵ն񣬻ǧʯҵ˾һ٣µĸ˵ȫͷؽǬһˣģҽʯඣ˭٣һûУ˵ţ̧űߣֻŰƬ̡
ȫǸçģ˽ڵΪҵǬˣ˭δعֿտաּŭȴҷֻһת˻ʦ
ߺεͣ½Ų͵ת
ʮ⣬ʮʿΧһ𣬵ĺϴЦžеǬĵʵ˵Ǹʲô˵ĪҪ˽ʯ
״һԵ˳ûŹ
ٺ٣˭˽ʯֵǲӦ
ϴ㽫ʯ˱ǡ
ɱһʿֻһʯĺôĺᡭ
ԪӤʿļǮɱ𡭡
λֵܣ֪ɣ뵱ҽʱҪĵ񣬴ԸɱĹʵʹ졭

ҹɫŨС֮ǲͣϴһ˶ڣšʮüĿʾ
˾ŭɶȴ޿κΡէʱϴɣδñ¶ĿʦһȥĲ񣬲ҪԶ壬Žɨسš
ʴֵǲǿŭ𣬳˵Ÿǳӹþȣƣŵһʯ࣬ʤޡֻЭպ񡭡
˴δ뺣սݾǲ֮ʿټֵͬʱ͸ɱԷһʿɵһǧһʯʹ͡նɱԷԪӤʿɻøߴʮʯ͡ɱ¾飬ŸɼɢС
ŵļҵӱһɢ޳ʿԲƾӪ벻ʷŴսԹɱ˶ᱦԵõŵʹͣνѰϴ˳ظ˹
ս֮бǲףҪɱ׬ʯѺѡսһգճɲѡ
Ǻǣʦ֣Ҫ£һʯʵԲסֵɱడ߽˵꣬ϴǺһЦ޶˵㲻óһʯֵǣΣ
һɣ߳ϴŵʹһû˽ʯΪҪؿ£˵ͬУΥֳϵԼ£ʱû˾ȵ㡭
꣬ϴͶŵʱһöżбᵽһԼ¡һͬУɼɱ޹ǻɽţߣ
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Ӳƴڻ߹˲÷һɵó̾һ㾿ûУ˸ɾӱ԰ĶԸϴ󣻶ûǻһ˰

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805 ֮
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ݵһ˾ǧʿһ麣ϡԭûôˣֻݵʿΪҺһνƺƴ
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806 
ǧɵĸ߿֮УλĸŶ
ΪףοˣŰӶӣԷΪЦҡҡͷŰָƵֻȰһ䣬ĪҪŪɳ׾⵽ʱ֮ӣȻִԲ򣬺ߡ
ʮ֮⣬̬Цݻ˹ұӣƶҿʼ׳ŵâʱСķ
Űɫһһץһâ²˵ӣȻͼı
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ܵóѡ
˵֮䣬һɫӭ˾𷽶
ǧɵİ֮УҵԪӤʿսһ
ݵŵһ³Ϊ׵ʮλԪӤʿݵһԶʮˡ˫׽ɱӭսȴ˴˵Ϊ޼һʱѷʤ
еϴп಻ϡϽΪԪӤڵĸֻ֣ԪӤڵΪѵֻĴӴܣһʱ֮Ǳ
֪죬ΪԵʣ³׼ŵߣʹɱСһλԪӤڵߣָΪֻŽ˺ϴԱԮͬš
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807 
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ӵľ𷽶ԻɴС⻪˸ۻ롣𷽶ٲתСɽסͷɫ䱾ȴɫأ裬Ԫ֮˫ֵķɶȥ
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һâǰʱȥ·δ׹ƣֹסȥơӿͷŵ͵ת

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Żȫһ˻һ׹ǰڴɲǣʮڿնʱ㽫ȥ͵׷߽Է塢ʮһ˲ܣԴ
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˰ʿʧɫԶ㡣Ķӣˤ亣棬˿ڱѪ˱
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䲻ݻ֮ʣһѵ˶ʮһ֮ϡǡڴʱһ죬űǿϯת㲼һĺڶֱƬ֮Žͣ
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֮ϴŶʮ𵤵ӱ˹ɫڵΣҪǰһȴǰڰ֣أ̧ͷ


808 
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Ԫ֡ǿˡ˴ѷ£ɼұͬھǱٵƣһغƽ٣ʹǧԪӤʿܴٽʿδ뺣ϿνһƬǽ塣
ҴСŵʿδٴαϷֵӰŵĻﾪסˡ

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ݷǧ꣬ǻԲΪ
ԭˣԭˡ
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һ֮ϣŰ˼ҩδüͷһһǧǰ䲻ĳŻԲΪˣǸȥһͬʱʵţӵıӣһҡҡλη𣬲޵˵ʤ֮䣡
Űӵһ˵ǿһ棬е㲻޵˼Сӵĳ̫עĿӵ͵Ϯȴף˰Ʊǿ
Цݿ˵Űӣʲųˡڷһ䣬ںعһЦתǱļλʿʵűǾ˵λ飿
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ӲΪҡͷ˵ûҴ·Сֺ˴λȻ᱾ĩʹա
ɢ˳£˵ʧ֣Ρ˽Ϣ񣬱Űవ
ң̹ȻЦһδˣʵʳѰ
ɢ˳£˵ˣ˳ᣡ
Ӳÿɷش˸ֿҡ
Ǹɴ࣬˵ǵԸŹ򱼸žʹΨհ󣬸Ҳ顣
ŰĬĬصͷӦʣӺˬʴЦ˵ȻˣҵȲΪˡ

ʱ֮󣬾λ˲ӰһĬĬ񡣱Ϊ˴ⲻһʣȴøᡣǳӣŰӵλǰȴ˵ĴڡǰķȥһеһУƶ
鷳ȴ˼Ͼλ۵ʱ򣬳Ӿ˵Щʲô
µΣսѱϣֳϻŵפЪϢ
öһתϴһЦɫУʮ뺷Ľ𵤵ܡе˻գۣηдֺ֮⡣
һһЦƮ
ϴٺһ֣ʧʱкֵǣΪֳϴ·Ըʮ˴Сűǰ
ߺʾغŵֵܣΪֳϵ󣡡
ڴʱһɫӰԶǻſĵæͣһɫ档òŮӣλΪ׵ǰΪ˭
һ΢㵣һٱ㷵ӭȥ˵֯ѡ
˻ӿı̲֮ϣһϮ°׳ȹ֯һˡһٽæֹסȥơ۹תɫȻԶǻŵӣƤЦ֮֮ȫȻûнСľ򣬾첻µزµС
һüͷ߳
ֳзԸ
ٺ٣ĪҪֳϵĺ¶
ݵÆ£һ
ЦȥԶһԾ̬֯촽ͷֻù˵ʧ֮ൣ
޷֯ﰵ£̧ͷ̧һ˿ҵķң˵δɺá۹ҴһƳæ˺档
Զʿɢȥδ뺣Ͻһת֯ĬĬ˵ͷ˵ұ°꣬޴󰭣£ֵǰҵлˡ
ɾĺڣһٴξ֯ԷѰšº֪оȻƪҪΪĲ
л֯ɫƬ֮ȻһЦ˵ʹ˱ౣأ˷ԸˣԴԺ󽫱Ų
δط֮ʱֻж̶̵һʺһɫ⣬˵ǡ
֯ﹰ𣬵ȻЦãӣ
԰գŮƮȻȥϲ
ãӣ
һĬȻƬ̣תŵפء
С֮ϣʮԴ
Σһһ鷽ʯ¡ϴߵǰͷ˹µݵֳϡ
ߵʮ˱ٽȫæʦֳϣ˼ҿɻǵλʦֶ
һǰ뺷֮ɵ̾һʮ𵤵ӣʣʮλԼսܻ¼ˣûԪӤʿཫڡӽʱǡô֪ӵĵǰϵȺİգǶʦֵܰͨ
ǴĵǸʿǾݵǰӶǸʵˣڷϵǷ̬ԼԼǣս֮Уͼʲô


809 ת
ҺΪٵĵ֣ûͻпֳͣ
ʦֳ֣ϣ֪ɾеΣмʦıʡ
ֳϣ˵ȥ򣬲ӡ

Ȼ໰Ҫ˵һ뿪ٶ꣬Ϊ˾ǵĸ֣Σͷһֵܣʹϴܲѡ
ʱ֣ɳͬʬ׵ĵӸ˻ڵЪϢϴһ𻰡ɾеִɵһһ˼ֱ
ϤӵȻȫŸ겻ѣǺϴЦݡ˵ɾԵ֣Ϊ֮ĳһӶԷĿУ֪ɽŵĴΡ
۰ɽһνȡֵǽ֮׾ݣһǿŸϸ⡣ϴ˵˹ɱʯƾǱ£ͼʹ죡
һصδ뺣սݵʿδ㳲Ʃ磬Ŷɽŵţ鶦ű˸װƣûԶⳡɱеŸɴ˼ǰֻΪ¡
⣬һ䲻Ĺཥ߻ȥصҩֽһ˵಻ùֻþʹա
ƣǷǶࡣɽһҶ󣬲⻼еֻڧϡֳϻˣϴҪίԡһ˳һơ
һ˵ǣŵ֮СӲˣܲԹۡھָΣдص֮ϡ
ҹɫϴɢȥһڽʯϱĿ
ڶ٣ϴŵפءŵÿһʯء
ԣ׳ɫˡС֮ϣ㾢ͷĵǱԲģȴﰲࡣλֳϵǰϴ󶼲зֵǻʶȤЩźã
һ󺣷Ϯ΢΢һ糤أԶţüͷǳ˫ۡȫڲԶæ˽ǰݵʦֳϣзԸ
ȥʦֵܽ˽𵤵ΪһªϰȴһǴٱЩòȻ֮Ҫʵ
һ˫üһչ˵Ϊߣ׾Ҫô˵ǣֺڣ뱾Բ
ŵ۾г˷죬ο˵֪ߣʦҲĵ֮ˣɣһԵĻȫһתڳɵģ˵ӽᵤ֮ķδãɽŵӾȰʦʹһ
ɫ㿪ȾӱȥʦֵܵıԵǽʴӡһһЦ̧ӳѷɽ˵ԪӤʿķѱĨȥʶӡǡ˲һ
ԪӤʦ£ȫϲδüлܺһΧʮˣԴеݵӿֳʹ͡
ʦֵܼˣæ˷ת߳λ÷Ҷ˵ΪֳϵĵӣȿᲢۡ䲻գһſڱˣʱȺ鼤
ֳϣ˼ɽŵģСӲԶְ֮
ֳϣӿ˼¡
ֳϣ˼Ҫһˮƽඡ
ֳϣǰɡ
ֳϡ
鷳ȫæ͵͵ƳһԷɫȻҲ׽æ쿪˫۵ڽ𵤵֮ǰڵغȵ·ߣŹ治ݣ¡
ֵԭϢˣȴŭԼռ˱˲˵ˣǿ벻̡
ҵֳ˵¡
ģ밤᲻ǡ
翴СӲ˳ˡ

峿С֮ϣɷ֣Ƭ̣һҰѱĵͻȻù˳࣬ضǶֳϡԷˮ˫Ѫ⣬˲
꣬һ۹ؿ˵֮νֵǽ裡ȲǲֻԲİˡɫɣȴĪ⣬ҲŻ˵µԪӤʿʮλ˾һﲢ¡˵ţһӣʮâɳһÿһλ𵤵ӵǰΪƷ಻ԪӤ
޲ɫܡŴֻǳû壬ȴ벢δܵͽ䣬ԸԳʹֱ͡ʮؽȷǴŵСֳǰ˷緶۷ɱʮλԪӤʿݵ
йͣйطһ𵤵ȡ˷һת䣬ɵ˵ҴǰԼ£ԺŵŹ棬дߣϳͲ
ʮ𵤵ӣͬȫڣͷһæӦǡһٴɫ˵ŽִãȺΪ֮԰գǰˣ̧ͷԶϴˡ
һǰһС֮ϣϴɫ졣ӱϹϾһΧһɫе˷ܣȴû˸Ҵ
룬˵һĽǰ߻ζϵǬ˵ǰµʯڴ˴ʦִá
ֵǷ˱ǣһΪذڰ֣תֹĺϴʵл
ϴæ˵ͷ˵ǰȥȡʹͣŵӴԼ𣬸Żתսʹա
һüͷʵʱ֮ǰиʿȥ˴ĶΪù˭
߽߳л˵ƨţʦʦʹ֮ˣϲŪ顭
ϴһɣסջʦֱյֳϱԼˣ۸ҺĲɣǿŻתһٺһЦ˵˴ĶȻֻҴŵӵĿϤǾλǰһ֮뿪δ뺣Ųֳ֪ϼ¡
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˼תһأԲ⡣Ƭ֮мƽϣһվ
״ϴسһս֮ã˵˲ٵʯȴʵడ˵սѱϣתݡԸ󣬲޺ӦµЩ֪ڵȴʲô
ġ
ϴɫһƿڴ˿æǷԺٺһЦ
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ͻĺúϴһЩһüŪۣȴɷȴǹЦΪ⡣ҡҡͷһӼʹļһ
ۣŵʮ˷δ뺣
һߡϴͬһۣ;˵Ц׷ԼеʱشȴƱܶᡣȵϴ󼱲֮ʱֻһ仰Ϥ㣡
Ϊˣ˼͸ĺϴǷƲ£µλֳϷߣΪҪߣźôɽһԣôΪɽɵӲء
֮ŵٽݵһ֮ϡɴ˽󣬿ʡȥС·̡
﷽ԲСΪϦ̺ɳɽܣһ¡ŵӽɢ̻աʶ˷֮һźþƺ⣬һ߱˵ϵļһԴ˲⣬ϴѭŽֵǰ
δ뺣սԵʣСΪ˹ʿת֮ءֵϸɫ˵ȷӣһɢʶȥδȻֹסŲԶ
ǡڴʱһϸӫ⻮ն


810 ʦ
ǲ۵Ķ˵ʿ⡣һﴫөֱСδٽڼǧ֮Ȼ֮һ΢ĺʧ
ΣϵʿΪȻһɵ̫ԶĴľԻٰˣ
ֵ֮ϣϴм˵õĴ˲Ϣǧ֮ң˵Ӳ䱾˵ǵԼɢֵ֮ģԸвסΪŵĳ֮󣬵еСƲۡ
ĵظ͵Ӧ˺ȣ죬δ˵꣬סԱʦ֣ǡ
ϴæתһֻһɫ㵣ĿĲ졣ɲǣ˫üǳ޷Զ˵Ȼ˵һĹȡ
һųڣƿһԭʧȥӰֻϴԭءգ֮䣬ϤӰһͷϵĴ󡭡
ݷϴԾ̾ѡ͵ش˸սȻعö룬ŵĴǱһǸֳĹ˲⡣ҵУ·ֵǣӻȥɱ

ߵĲ²ûĹ˲⡣ǴĹȵֽɣˡ
붫˷뿪ڵ֮󣬱ȥݡ˳򣬲ҪûʶһͣͣѰĹȣѹȥ˰֮á
ݴŵֳ˵ĹȵشݵΪɽܵƧڡֽһཻزᵡ˶ԷĹˡΪţ붫˷ִͼ϶෽һ֮Ѱ˵ط
ԶĹȿ֮УԼɼʿӰ붫˷Ϊ֮ɽģԣʵһʥأڴŲȴһ׮£
붫˷ҵеĹ֮ǰŰɽĹأԼҵšһһʦֵֵѣһҪݼʦ
˵ⲻһʮɽбߵӰΪ֮ˣһԪӤڵߣԪӤڵӡλ󣬻λ𵤵ӡ
Σĸο˼Լҵݵ΢Ųò׳ơ˾٣ӻ䡣һ䲻˭֪᲻߲أȴĹȾȻ˴ӭνܵǵһ˾ţв鰡
ת֮䣬Է˱㵽˲Զɫ
δ룬ǰ˫֣˵ֹλѣ
󣬶˷ִݼȴǴżֺĹȵĹһڵӣӭ͵ȻͣɷⲻơɣԷߺЦħɷõɲʲôĹȵĹһˣĹ˼ӻǺǡ
߻ʾ⣬Χ
ͻ䣬ͷһɣתһץĶ˷˲ɵ˰֮С
ߣʱߣˣ߲мغ׷
֪һ֪ħɷŵǳ֪ԷҪɱԼ붫˷Եɡȴ֪ԪӤʿΧ֮£ؽ³ʶΨж·ӡδȥ˱㱻ԪӤʿ׷ϲΧ
ԷĶݷˣ֪ѣֻ¶ԶϺ󡣶ֻԵ飬˷ֱħɷŵĸ𵤵ӵסȥ·
˰㾳أ̾ǧ֮ŵ˴еľݡʱأʧ⣬Ī뵽Χ֮Уĺͼδչɵδɣȥǽ˲ʰһԴټͷΪԼȴ˵Ĳ뵱꣬ĳ˿Ǵŵһˡ
һʱ֮䣬Դ󷢡ſ³һâķʱסߵĹơ䲻ݻ֮ʣּѷɽֱ֡
ͬʱ˷Էλ𵤺ڵĸ֣ûм֮һֻѱǺãʦӿΪѰδ˼һ棬Ҫô׵ؿ硭
˴˷ͻȻһö䰵ҧһѷɽԷû֮˿СǵٿȻԶȥĬֹͷ첻ӦеزӦֻʦˣ뿴ŵɥ˼ҾͿɡ
ڴʱ֮ͻȻ䡪һ졣ԪӤڵʿ֮ʱ߱ܿ͵Ϯ֡飬Ѫڰ֮ҡҡ׹
˷ȥסʧɫæгңһâѵǰǷķɽ顱һ±Ļף˲
Խס˷Һһ˭©ƫҹֱ꣬ɽ˸Ѫһ۵ĻᶼûУһͷȥĸʿ׷ᣬҪɱ֮졣
ۿŶ˷Ҫҽȴһ𣬽űһͱ֮ǰħɷŵɫǵϮ
δȣſڱһѪæ¶˷˵Ϸ򡭡Ϸֻܾһˡ˫伲ӣк֮䣬𷽶ɴСȻͱ֮ǰ
䡢䡢䡪һľħɷŵ˳ŷǿֹȻ˫һ˿⡣Ϣ׹
˷ѵǻԡѪҩУԼһʱˣŲشǰΡڵȻͬСɣɵĶضʵԶסֵĿըֻʦƲᣬǿƴΪܳŵʱ
Ƭ̣ħɷŵλԪӤʿ㿴˶ߡ𷽶ףȴ벻ļӳ֣Ȼ;áƴΪѰ·ˣ˺λ𵤵ӣȫʩչֶΡ
һʱ֮ɫ԰ף΢΢á⻹״սλԪӤ֣ν٣ϡͿʵҰ
ֹȥ˰ʱֻһɴСס˵ȫ֮£ٴһھѪάķʮ⣬ħɷŵԪӤʿĹҡ
ҡӣǿŲϹâס̾һ˵СӣҲôˣһԵĶ˷ɫһĸʦģɼʱ޶࣡
˷תԶһ˿ɬЦʱ޶Ī⣬ʦһ·գˣżʦΪȴûı£˷׷˼һΣ޺ӣ
˷˵̹ȻʹΣŶԷݣû˽ġһ·֮ϵĳȣȴ䱾⡣ʦֶ˵ͽܣڵӣǶʦֵĺˣ
ʦھݣ˷ؿԶס߶һ䡣
𰵰ҡͷĬȻʱҪϵһ䲻֮ˣһյСؿһƣѪһ㱡յâСһҡ
ʦ
˷߽һĻﴫȻЦƣط˫ۡΪ̣顱һڵϣ˲仯ȭͷСɻءͷһɣһ̾ΪѰ㣬ҡ
ɲǣɫһ޷ǡ


811 ร
ļƬȺɽд֮Уһʢĵľ󡣶Ĺ߰˰һͱ֮ǰȴǺ
ɫ죬˫Ŀ˷ɫ԰ףɵš˶ʮ֮⣬ħɷŵǻʿͬǴԭأһ֪롭
˫ʤѷ֣һ˲һͻȻƿն޷ħɷ߱նϣ֮ɲǣһֳֽ𽣵ĻɫӰȻ֡ҵĺڷŭüб˫ɷɢơ
ʦǡ˼ˡ˷ϲӣԳ֡
ͷһûһ̱˵ϣŵضǸˡȻ
ͨһʬ׹ڵأѪ硣ⲻĶʱħɷµˡĸ𵤵սսԪӤʿǿ򶨣߳󵨣ɱҼﲻ⣡
˸ԪӤʿǾת붫˷һƮ˹ȥ˵Ľǰ̧óƿ˵һ·ˡ
߶ٱ飬Ҫȵͻ˷ãȻ޴롣ϤݼеסЦЦ˵ʦʦһˣһ쳾ʿڴʱĳԳ
ֱӣ΢΢סδƣ̾벻һֵѡΣԷһĬĬҡҡͷң
һΣͷϵ˴ʵңںϦϼʱΪ֮㵲ѡǴԼʶӡǣԻٵ˲䣬̵һ仰ʦĹȡ
ǾȻǶ˷ĺǸ겻ĵӣȻ˾ݣĹ⣬ΪΣ
Ȼһ̣һе飬ææһ嵽һʩչƿնһ·񱼡ˣһʱŴ֮ĺĹȣǧһ֮ɱ˾ˡ
˷Ҫ˵һֹʾԷµҩҪ䱾˵ɫȴٴת䣬âǰˣһԡѪһľΪ֮ǣȴƲᣬɼǰսң˭Ҫʿʹɱ֣ƧĹȣʱΪһյأ
һɫ죬붫˷˲ö룬æԷµҩеϢδȥ˲Ҵ⡭
ڴʱһֱ߳ǵվס
һħɷŵԪӤʿҪȥһֵֹͣɱ˶Ϊ͵Ϯ֮Ȼ֣þգһ׮ֺһΪأ
˷俴һŭˣȴδˣʦӣȴɷǷ
ʮ֮⣬ħɷŵԪӤʿŭɱʵŵòᡣһƽϣ˭˼Ҹᡣ
ԼһʱħɷŵԪӤʿͻȻðˣΪɲ⣬ò봫˵еǸһ¡ˣǼʱɽŲźãֻݱһʱȴ϶Էôߣˡ
ס֮£ԪӤʿ곤λ߳ݵ÷˭ɱħɷŵ˴鷳
һתȥǲؿ˵֮ˡ
ħɷţȻħɷţֲĹȲֽɵӰֲ붫˷㶪ԭˣԭˡ
˫ѪһһͻȻʧȥΡ֮ɲǣһƿն˵˸ܣͬԪӤһ룬Ѫɡ
ΣһŵòҪӶݣȴ͵һ١СһԪӤ֮Уֻ϶һֻ֣˲ϢڰϮ
Ƭ֮һɿƣȥʿͨһˤ˵ϡأնˡѻ֮£һȻ
֮ν꣬лħɷţӤรɣ
ʱǰһ԰룬ĸ𵤵ŵò֪롣һڵϣޱ˵һʱ֮ڣĹȥߣԷɴ⣬Ťͷܡ붫˷ʰ˵ϵǬ뷨
ʱ˵ʱ򡭡һɫʾ£ֽ̧Ǭ뷨˹ȥֵȨѹ֮ãǽЩ͸𣬷дл֮⣡ûֵһƴ໤Ӷ˷ڣ
Ϥİһͷһڻ֮䣬׾ٵնɱԪӤʿ̾Ϊֹòδı䣬ȴѲǵǸСһλĪĸ֡
λԪӤʿ֮Сɣĸȴһʱ޴ӾܾһδЩһԲ󷨣ַһʯɵطԸ˽ˣ
ˣеԶǽ顣Ǭ뷨֮󣬱ϥ
˷δѱһֱŲ֮Сͷһů漴ʵʵɵϢԼ˲㣬ʦϸ
һһ£϶ƷʯʩչƿնݷĺЪϢһŵһвδ˽ᡭ
֮붫˷˫ۡŨԼϺõĵҩ˵кתʱҹɫʱ֣ͻȻۣ֮ʮӰ
붫˷һħɷŵѰˣæһȴԷȻϵ޶ԡ
ת֮䣬ʮڵʿΡеԪӤʿֱһĸǰԸµĽʿصѪ޶ãȴ붫˷¶
ʦֳ֣ϣֵܶ˿ûҵ飬ǡλǡ
һ·ϽϣŵһڸϵƬȵءʬڣһɫƣϴɵ㷲
£һٴɫֹסֺõˣתħɷŵǿռĹȣ֮ԲȥӴ˽飡ߴȥᰳѰᰵ磬Ӷ˻ֳֽ֪ɵ䣡
ϴͷӦת໽еֵǣɱȥĪҪŹһħɷŵӡʮӰεضڵسĹȡûôĶֳ֮·ŵպת
һȥҴңﰲࡣȫæϵѪȡֵûͽֳϣԷȴᡣ֮£˱붫˷̸
ţȫҹ
Ϥ˷֮ȫϲ˴Ϊ൱£ÿԽύһвóѣһ߳Ǵֻ㬶һԣֳǸʦµͽ˰
˷лһЦɵϢ
£΢΢˫ĿһʱĪ֮УǶǸڧϵ֪Ųۼһ֮оȻΪ׺ǿˡҰѱ֮Ψһ߾֮ܣʵ˷˼Ҫ֪ãϴգΪǽǿһ
⣬һʿԶδ뺣ֻյ˴ƾŸǿΪʱ
Ѫ֮УһơһǵǸһ


812 ֱҳ
ħɷŵĸʿ뿪֮󣬲δ̳Ĺȣһɽţһ߲󷨾ء
νħɷãȻλԪӤǰ¼λ𵤡ʮλԼĵӡһԴвжŭһЩСƽϣȴռȵ֮˵Ĳ
ںϴ˵ҹɨ֮£ħɷŵĵӱɱ˴룬߽ӴһաһĹЪϢԼԭ붫˷ˡ
峿ɽУ鶯˷ھɵϢ³һվ
ʮ⣬һӾ˵̶գȻɣΪ˰˳ɣʵο
˻ٲ˹ڰ˵ȫֵѵĵҩػ֮һʾ£ϥȻһЦ˵Ѳ㲻һ˵ţɫ̲סʵҿΪǳɷͽ̡
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ҵΪգγƺһΪȻЦЦԴڵ綴Ѩ֮Щĸ࿴ʵΪ˵Ŷ˷ȻݣȫʦҲʵ飡Է˵תʵ뿪ٶ֪꣬
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ֳ꣬һֱ֮뿪˾ݡص֮һСĺ䶯
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֮£иľԶӡŶ˷ֳµͼԽ޶ֱݡ
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ٶָ꣬Ӽ䣬ʵûʲô˵ġһʱȥͣĬȻһеǣȥһ
һüһ̧ͷգĵʵˡԺĹˣȥѰҵ䣿
£ҡҡͷ˵ٶ䣬ʼڵŴڵһָƣδѰ֪˵˭
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һϵƺһ䣬ڡһվԶһ˵֮ң
ʱĶĿãϷŵһ̸ݵ֪æʵ˵λֺڣĹȵĹһѣʧûύһźá
һǸȻ˵˾Զһʱ
һɫΡʶɴǧ֮⣬ȴʲôûʱ·̣֮ң
šȫúӴ뿪Ĺȸ˴һطԸһ䡣һʯͷıʱܳӰæӦһ֮˰С

ʱ֮󣬶˷Ӿ˳Ȼɫѣ޴󰭡ʮһɽϣһ̧ͷ
һһ۴ӿն߳ˡΪ׵ĳ֮⣬һλһλò׵Ůӡ˵󣬻һλŮλӣֱŽ𵤺ڵΪ
һ𡢶˷ӭȥ˴δһȻҡͷЦֵܰһΪˣԵŮ΢΢Ƿο˵Ƽֵѣ
ͬʱŮɫݵʦ壡Ե˺ʶȤſڳʦ塣
ߴ˹һɵغʦֵ֣ҽ˵ţʾֽɵѱ˶Ĺȣᰳȥˡҵɣ˵ŵλӸ
ѼЦˣֵܵȰʮӣǳֻ֮ʣˣĹǡģֽɣԪӤԲΪһΪϲЦݵı͸żΡ
һʼû˵ǾֽɡԷŹ˵ãΪ𡢶˷ӵֳŮ˵Ĺȣã
ʯϿңշϴһɢޣһΪָһ·û뵽Ůİֽ£һ׮£٣ĹȺˣ
һʶ꣬ɶԷȡط꣬Уæ˵ʦ壡ķԸҲĹȣλʦܣѡ
˫ѱϣֽ߹Ц½նѣºᰳ̸ֵ
һΪ˵л˵٣
ֽЦݣ̾Ȼ֪յıʣֺΪ˶ŭأȥģȥˡ
һĬȻΣתԶʾֽĹȣͻȻת䣬˵һвδȥ
ֽæֵܣ
һ˫üһҴֻ򵱳ԼɱһΪħɷűǨŭֽɣŴѣ˰ٲˣɱǿռĹȡǵŵӤȴĲȻˣĪҷ飡
գһĻˣɱ˵Ȼֽɵˡ䲻ɵɭȻ˵Ҫħɷţ
ħɷţֽɾһ˵ֵܲɰǿġλԪӤڳĴţçײ
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һʮ㣬̧־ƶˣɵ΢΢˫ۣҡͷΪҪ˵ʱȴʣʴӣƾ첻µزµŵӣҪȥһţ
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æۣڴ˵ʦܣΪ롭һ԰ʾ˵ûһԼ붫˷壬ȥ˲ֻ֮󣬻ûмʶ桭
һ۹ӹ붫˷˵ͷת˲һ⣬ֱҳնȥ


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һݵԶֱһƬŨȥδǰ̧׳һơ꣬ɽ֣ɴ˺ᴩ롣
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ǧɷ嶥һƧĶ֮ǰΡϢ֮䣬һӶԺǰǹ˵ͳϣ룡
޶˲Ųæ˵Ĺȵӱɱ¹ش󡭡һĻδ䣬յʯű㡰顱һű˲ͷ˵ݵÆ£˵Ҫչʱҵš
΢΢Цһ붴֮УƬ֮˳ϵһâ֮
һʱ߹ʮһǰδв½ͻȻһߴӿն쳣㲻ǱĹȲ̽飬Եλڴ˼䶺
˹һЦ˵ҪѰ㣬Ʋ˵Է˺˵ԣ˭
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˲δѣһЦתۼʧԭءϢĹħܽĺ漴ġУɽ˺ѣֳɵա
ǿϮɽ󱻻٣ħɷһƬңǧʿҳһ㡣ڴʱϷɳһλߡݿݣ۹׶𺣬ƲŭɶغȵϷòײĵãǡ껯ļҪͷǸ۵ĶҪѰ
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һμ죬һ㵽ʮɽ֮С䲻ɣ̧׳ĸ˲һɽ֮ϡ̼ǬȻɡ
ͬʱԶֱվߡϴˡһʩչݷȥ˽ϣȥСյĹŸϵ˵ط붫˷ֻ뿪۽糤ʶҲˡĹֽ⣬ֻôƼӸ˹ɲҪΡ
ֻһ׷ɽ֮УʮλԪӤڵس˹Щֵ󣬻ٶλʿ֮󣬸ǧĦȭơħɷ㳲ƺƴ
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״Ӥֱ̧ʾ¡ҵԪӤʿĽʿֹסȥƣЩסŲԶԶȥħɷǧ֮ڣѹѹһƬ
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˷ǰοΪ֮ܲѡֻǧ֮ڣȻʦ˰
ֽɻƣԷɫοֵܾƢ˵һŵؼסͦţͷȴ
ģǰ׻ˣһơϴָǰʾšƣԵ˷緶ǲеͷС˵ţߵһۡԷһȴص˵ͷ
ǺǣϷǼǵõ֮Σż͵Ϯ֣ҪħɷţǴԲѡӤŭЦ˵Ī˵Ժħɷĸ£żɵΪķСӣϻ˵ˣղݡ
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ǵ˵ʦΪ˵ţֻ²ŵôԣΪȻæȥħɷţȻʹ죡˾ٶصĸšʱ򣬲ŻĹȣݶ㡭
ħɷȻӤνڱˣһΪâһɭȻɱ˵϶ҽղҪɱţҪסͻȻ׳һȣɽȡ
Ӥţﲻ⣡ħɷѴ̣֮Ҵſɵ壡вߣ
һ淨ӳ֣ȻСһʾ߸ڰ֮С


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Ӥǰеһһˣɵ˫ۡѰʿʶǳȴ֪ƵĴڡСӺεºܳΪֽںεأѵҪԸħɷţż֮֡
סһӤƤ鴤£߳Сӣ޵Իڣŵ̫ϳơһ˷ԸСĴͨΧ֮˫һӣʮԪӤʿԼ˷
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⧲֮£һԪӤʿȻâʳѪм˴󾪣æɢȥֻһʮɵĽɫâڰ֮Уƽ˵ħɷŵӤȻǽ֮
ʮԪӤʿãȻһڹէ֣űǡ顪һ죬֮һѪ׹ɽȡͬʱһšɷð˳ɱŲ֪ˣĮȻ˵ӤڽӣҪֻأǰұؽһһȫ
ħɷŵĸֲǱɱǱµЩԪӤʿδ㡣Ҫ֪ԷǾݵĳнɫľ֮˭ΪУһ˵Ӳĵӻʾ£תһŭȵٷҼȻʯ١
顪˻ųڣһնȥ꣬һĪɱ˵ΪߣǴ˰³СвףĪҪ˹ƻװ仰ƽȴвɵϡЩĽ𵤡ӣʱ࣬ȴһɴ˫ۣ𺧲ѡ
һתЩԶԶ㿪ԪӤʿɭȻ˵Ϊ̤֮ȥʮ⣬һһģһһ԰Ȼķ
ת֮䣬һ϶ΪһܵΣһͷ뵽ź˵Ľ֮С
ΣħɷŵԪӤʿУֻǰ˲ſԪȴδбǿһѷֱ˴ˣΪѱ¡˵ʱҪɲĸ֡
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Ϊ˽³ȣֽɵأʦ˶ʣǷԶ˵ֻʦ־Ĺȡ
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Ǻǣʦ־ǳ󺣣һԵĶ˷ûһ䣬ȵ˵˵ʦΪɲܺ˱ѽĽӤ±и˼ˡ
һڶгҲʧĵӣֽϲȴЦĹȰ仧ұ㽫㵱״ӿ
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ֽɵЦֵܶ޲֮䲻־ȴ֪Ĺһ룡˵ţת֮⣬߶ţǳ󺣡
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ĹתֹĽɫâȻʧ֮ǰӤӰֻһһ˰ȻաΣħɷ½ɫһɰȻʬ޴桭
ӤӦãһ˫֣ɫȻ˵һ֮ħɷŽڣתͶңѰϣ󣡡һУвĹһһ
ϴͻȻϬæ֮кžӢͣԴͬɵٻߣͶ£ʧʧСûϵΪ㲻Ƕ𣡡
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һʱѵһڰãǰħӰҴܣλҲ£˵ߡӣҵƽħģߣɱ
Ϊ¶ӣϴæĲֺ˷Ը֮Ӧһͷеֳƽħģŵֵǣͷǰ·ĪҪơ
ٵӰһǰڡ
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ʦӦʣ˷һħɷڵħġʦܼһȺʿ˹ȥֻֽһ
㵱ҪħɷţһϷԣȴӦ˰֮󡭡ֽƲһĽǰȻǸпǧ˵ȥȴһתʵֵܣ¶죿
һףһЦֽԪӤԲΪɸʤǰŶеľֹȣԵƺǰ䡣ŮԪӤڴɵΪòȴǱȵҪࡣ
ֽʾ£˱ɽһ˹ȥЦʵɻǵá¶ζ񣿡
һͷֽӹ
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ֽԵãȴתһЦΪһƣȴҪΪᰳʮĵҩҲ㣡Ƴ使һۣ˵ĸԸ֮£ֹ˭
˾ֹǣ޼䡣һԣ֮£ɵֽ۹ͶԶĲɣֽЦݣʵֵܣŵĳϲɣǿ̫ϳϰ֮ϡ
һСһڣĬĬζһֽ꣬ɣʵֳ֮ʵֵΣ
ֽ΢΢һæֵܰˣȴ⳶֮㲻˼Ѱ鷳ʱ򣬱Ĺȼţѵ֮ŭ
һ˫üһһ˺ơƬ֮۹ζ˵֮ǺεȵĲҰҵѰ


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ݴǰȥһˣ֪ħɷǿռֳĹȣ䲪ȻŭһѰնӤʮλԪӤ֣һ̤ƽħġΪ֮𾪵ǣ֮оȻŵ⣬̫ϳϵΪ֤ʱڳǧĿãްֵ١
Ϥ£ħɷŽõļű׷һȴòϢġֻź޶ȴѲ²⣡Ӥĵĳλˣ֮ΣһĴڸš֮ʢһʱ
һĲĴţصĹȡǰħɷŵħģһвʮˣת֮ʱһǧ֮ڡ
˷֮٣Ųϰλʿٸʿ֮⣬ϴǽħеļҵһաħɷŵӵƷԼѡ˶ʮλ𵤡ʮλԼǧλˣһӰĹȶʱģ
һҪ鼸գϴзء˴ٸӣν緢һ·ϺƺƵ
Ĺȣһɽ֮ϣһֽΧһʯ𻰡˵ĲԶΪ˷˵ɽеΡ
ڤΪҵϢ֮ʦ붫ڴ˴֪һɽ¾ͷĶʾ£תѯɫǰˡ
´ο˵˼ŨԶ볾ʵ˾޵ĺڣӽ󣬻ҪֶգӴһ·ˣʱǰ
ħķص;Уһ֮󣬱ƼĹȡֽɲʦΪ˺֮˼ؿɽŵȵȣʵпΪ
ֽɰЦһ˲˵һһȥأҼֵܵĹȣҶλеʶıϵĳϣǺǣ
һĳ˵ϣɵɫ΢˵ΪĹȣĳ߾ܡ
λǼţӦϴˡ붫˷Ĺȣֽһ֮Լû˺֮ǣһ΢΢һЦ̧óʮֻǬʯϡ
״ֽɫ⡣ź棬˷˹
вһЩʯҩȵȣûϸһְɣһ˵ĹҪһ׷ɽ󣬼ϵӵãĺʯǲϻС
ֽͷЩε˵ΪֲƾӪ벻ֵܼЦˣֲץǬֱֵֵ˴ˡ꣬侪ʧİʯС
Ī˵ֽûôʯΪһ֮ˡİʯ֧һСת꣡һںɾɱãħɷŵӤԼʮλԪӤϵȫҵԶԶ
˷ԼʦĹֶβ⣬һԺǺֱ֡ĹȼҵʵԺӱùࡣ㵹󣬾ϲʦǧ޷ãʦʯǽȼü֮
ĹȵӶˣֽȴδϡôңˣɽ֮½һ˵䲻ʵǧĹȣᰲòǧӣ
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һһתԸʯܹʦִɽ⣬ش־ϣ
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˷û˵ʦϵӰ
һ룬ͷӦұչؼգȬ룬·
ֽɲ׷ʵ֮أ
һԶ£˵Զ֮ǰҪһš
ʦҪԶУȥηĪǾݷ紫Ѿõ򣿡һ䡣˷ϲ˵ʦǰ˵ʲô಻ܶµӰ
һתʵ˵·Ƿͨ޴֪ұ˰֮꣬²ŵҿûлΪУһȡδ˵Цҡͷ綴Ѩ״ԽɹȵɢֺαؿյǼ˽ԪӤԲΪвΣǰ⼸λˡȻȥֻ·һ
ԣ붫˷֪֮漴˼ֽȴǴӷŵĻ˲ͬʵˣԶбǣȴΪҪһأ
һζЦ˲ңֻѰȥ

ǧӣдʵʯãһ˵֮£ĹȻŵӡֽ䲻ϲɽ飬¹ؼÿæתҲС
ʮ֮һд˸кŶ˷Ȼ뿪Ĺȡ˲żŸ·ǽգƷɽ;Уһʦͽ˵ͣ
йشĵΣӶ˷Ŀ˵ֶ˼ֲͬ
ľԶΪʿ֮ȥѰҹһ̵ĵطȴʮһҲֻΪľԶ׵䡭
Ǹӯ˵Ϊŵӣרҹ˷һ°׳ȹòŮӣһ仰ǣʦ𣿺ҡͷ֪䳤̾һȻȥ߶ţȥ˲
ЩµʱһĬĬһ̳ƣɫį֮󣬵֪޶ؾ˶˷λһ˿٣֮Ȼ޴桭
ѵʦͽ飬һóһǬ붫˷ʮʯ֮⣬мϼѵķ뵤ҩˣֵֽġ߷ֵ϶ΪһϼΪõķһ˵ӡ
ʦȻ˴󷽣Լŵأһϲ֮󣬶˷طǬװԴĵǧ̳ƣһĻ󳩡
˹ȥ˰£ʦͽƵɽ򲢶һգʹǳ˺һŶ˷ֱš
ſɲˣʦͽŽӽѲɽĵӭԷһˣ䣬Ȼŵôʧɫͷܡһ𵤵ħɷţⱲģΪ֮Ǹˣ
һ̤նУ˷󡣾ʮɽǰվˣǧ֮ڣѹѹһƬơʦͽٽϴӭֵغһɤӡ
ӭɽ֮ɲǣӭɽĺף쳹ɽȣ
һֹסȥƣˮϴǰһҫнգ簡һЦӹӭ
ƨһ˫üһˣ߳δݼ˸ѰɣͻȻŵϴһ¡˱綵ͷһưˮһʱ֪롣λôˣŭǰɽڧ˭˳ۡ
һȻοն𣬲ɵ֮λжᣬɢˣ԰գϴˣԷ壡
ϴ漴ָ¶ЦתŶ˷˵ѣ˴һˣǧĪҪ⣬붴˵
˷ڶ۹·һСӰϡԷɫţסٺһ֣Ťͷ˵λԱ㣬ȥҪһʾˡ


816 ƫ̻
ķۣһѨ֮УһֶԶǧɣ쾡۵ףƮ龰һ
ϴһԣ˲ҿ˷ǺشܣЦ⡣
һת䶴ĬȻٶ֮ǰڴ׷
ֻײλ˲ţ˺ɾ֮мֻԵƣͼСͼͼԵ񣬻Եȴ洦ڣҿԴ
£һ۹˶˷ϣüͷ˵ӵȶԽᵤԪࡣֻʯͰˣֺأ
˷ɫһæǡѰǼӵֻʯûѵһʵüȴһʦķۣԼʦһС۸ݣһʱһʱ񲻶𡭡
򣬶˷ɫȻҪϹһ˰֣Ѩһʯǰ£תϴʵħɷ֮еջΣ
仰ϴʱ˷Ѱ˸ʯ˵ħɷŲΪŰʯҩݼּҵӦоУȫϯһգ֮νҹݲʣ޺ƲʵҪģʹ졭
ٸԻŲҽӳȥϴδ˵꣬һɫԷһӣæڨڨһЦ˵ҵ
֪һƢԣڵֻؿһۺϴתһ˵ħɷ֮Уһʯ򣬸зҩȵ㣬׬ˡɫһŲԼĿϴһޣæ˸Ц˵ýʦֵ֪н𵤵İ٣ӽǧеԱȼ磬νɽ𣡺Ǻǡ˴䲻ɵͦţ׶ĿϾҲɷ
һɫת΢΢ͷ˽գȴӵһ׮Ը̧ó˼ǬӸߣ˵⻹ʯһЩ
ϴ˸񣬱˴˽ԲȻѡʦֳ֡Ǹԣһ˵ҿˣ˺ƽغǺһЦæͬ˵
ɽŽȣʦ
ѽֳϻܼҵףջʯ
һɱԽ˲ߡ˰ʯСӤλħɷŵĳϡ뽫ʯһ壬ָĹȣߵķᣬΪԼһЩãȴ˵ⷬ
죡һü߳ʱ³һ˵óʯֻΪɽ֮ãˣ
æǬϴͷǡ˵Уһһû˵¡Է𣬲ͷطԸǰ鶦ţ

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ɽı´һƧɽ֮ϣվһڣ֮ǰһߡϴ󼰶˷֮⣬ŰµһϮ೤ȹ
ѻϤйһĴţһէȻæӭɽš̺֮ķڣ֮ǰ
һ˺ķڣǰŵʯϿ䡣һϽ«ƣǷΪ񡣶˷ʦ˰ݣʶȤһԡϴΪʾ֣أóֳɵ˷ǰ
һŮӣĬȻòֹׯЩ·ʦѽɵ£˫˫ԪӤڵΪʦΣȳȶһ֮ķ緶
漸˲ΰ֮οϴɣһǰʩһ񣬹˵ֵ̻֮գԱԾ֮꣡
һҡҡͷ˵Ժ󲻻Ϊ鶦ţ˰ıǣذɣɫ䵭ǲԷ
κ󣬲һ̾ˡ˴˱ѵĽ飬ȴװˣһݵԸ֮Ϊ飬ȴм鶦Կ촽ʾ£һתȥ
˵ֵڣ鶦ŵֵ۴Բǡٴξף»͡һֽһ
һ˵¶һĨÿɷЦݡ
ɫ֪ǳתǸȻ˵ֵ̣ʧ㣡
ڴ˼δˣͣһһ䣬㲻ٻΡԷȻû֮ǰĳȣżε鹰ָǡ
ϴվһʱԡȻݼˣкδˣһڣʯԱߣ˼˷²ؼֻűܷ羰Դӳ֮УڵɽƫƧľ
Ƭ֮һмƽϡ̧ۿϴ˵ֳڴ˴أ˭վ˵һǶиŰڰ֣˵Ҫָҽţ֮λ֮
Ҫķǰߡԭˣ߻ڳɣϴѵʲõǰһ˵䣬Ϊ׳ɽţӿνинգ²ƹͣɹʵٰ˭ִ֮λλ̫ϳ϶ᣬֵܾ޶Ǻǣ
һɫ۹תߡ
ϴ˷ͷвޡһ˵ƤʦƺȴǽһĴڣ˴˿ٶĽ飬˿ᲢۣΪŵӣǷ˼һԾ֮
µǿˣһƬ֮˵ΪʶֵܣҵԵʲͶţ˭Ҿ飬ƫ̻ҿȡһ£˹˵ߣ뿪ɽŰ벽ΥĪҵʱˣ
һ⣬ȴвɵϡʾʵ˵ҿɽŵ׷ӣ״꣬һջ񣡡
Ȩȡ֮䣬ӵ˫۲ˣŶ壬Ҫ֮ãҿܲ׹Ҫ˱ˡ
һ΢΢ҡͷ˵ҵĹأݸģ
ϴڳɲӼתȦε˵һңء
һΪȻصͷ˵ӼȻ֮λǿߡͻȻһת˵ʦķǰҹ£
߾һ£ȴһɫȻݾܾæǰȥͷ㷲
һóµǬһʾ˵ʦＰԽŵ
εʽ򵥶ʧׯأʵʵϴһԻûʧһɡĿһУ˷΢Цʦʦ˼ƫ̻
ֵˣ˼Ҷա
Ǻǣֵܲؼ⡭
պ壬ȵһӦɺҴˡ
ǽֵˣҲɽ
һԩңͻȻֵܡһ֮󣬱ҪŹذݼһλ̫ϳϣȴ˫˫Զߺ˵ŮΪλת滹һˡϴȻطеɲǹˡ
ŵ䴦ʹһ׮¡Ը䣬Ȼ⵽ԶĶǴ·ŮǷȥһλɫҴɫİӡ
ԶŽΪӱȲظߺһ
ǰǰӣҡ


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ɽ֮ϣһԡǰɽŵʱǡǰѰһԷ糾һ죬ɵýΪ֮֮󣬻Ǵ˴˴
ǰ˼ҿǽѰడһ£һ£´ݡĹȡš鶦šϲ֮־ϲң˫ַһö򣬿ŸԪǰʩ
Ԫһڳļ˹ˣŵӡʦð˼죬ǡñײΪܵ˳ͽ䣡
ͽ˷˼Ԫеǰƣһ֮ڲý·һλǰ˵ˣֻһ˿ԾݵһֻżѰˣɷ׻ѳ飡
ƽ޹سͣԪԩȴֻϵùУλǰϲŭ޳û˲ģ
֮£Ԫλǰż뼸ԸҴææݡһ·֮ϣһһ󣬲е顣ûӰһ֮ѰҪ֮ˣƷСûˣ
֮󣬸Ԫæǰż󣬻ȣǰм仰תء
һ˫
붫˷ڶǸԪɫ㵣ƣ˵ֶοɹġ
ϴǸͬܣһʱͷ㷡
Ȼ뵽һòŮӣԪеĻǰ˭ҪЮһںԽǧֻΪŶ
ǰԪٴγһһ£ͻȻ̧ץȥתָһűһ΢ı죬һƵɢȥɷǹ졭
ԪյԷлǰԲǰǼ֮ˣ
һ֮ɫδ뺣ϣδӵӰԼѹȥ£Ůȴһ֮ǰö򡣶ֻһ仰ˮδ𣬿չȰ޼·ſһȥ
ҽթǣȴçײ֮ˣ˴æţȴֻôһĪĻ
һеʾ£ʵԪ㷽˵֮⻹лת棬ҵ
һԵĺϴ಻סŽӻ˵ֳϣ˵ԪƵΣǵԼҵİΣ
һƳۺϴ˵֮ѹȻвһߣŻʳϴһͷЦٺ٣Ҳһʡ
ԪͻȻֳΪѵɫֹһ£ǺС˵ǰԭ¡δ֮;˴ͣǸвһСд³ʵӦߺߣãù˵ţӵ̬ҲΩΩФΣڳļ˲ǸеȤԺ󣬺ϴԴһ鴤
һ֮󣬸ԪԼһһɫδŭ׳׳ӽֵǰ˵ˣСŹĽ飬ǧﴫ飬ԴԺǷ԰գٲҳֻǳ꼰
һ˫ֱĻöǰ̧ͷԶܲԴ价ƣ׼ȣ֮ϣԶ
ĬȻƬ̣һתһԪ˵һ·ͣѷɽɣԷæֳл֮ϲ̤·꣬תϴ˵ֵܶһӪţպǰĹȡҩݵðռˣȻת򶫷˷ԸҼסˣŲʯһҩûУ
Ĺղ¯Ų޸ϵϴÿҩȻ˾ߣʹֽɿ಻ԣȴһܾڼһ̯ûʯûҩݣҩ㣬ݲŽû߶
ų˸ԣ˼ңʯȻڻ£ϴæӦвֶһϵ˵ǻĪǸŮӣ˶ţۼֵȻȻֳϾɽţǡٺ٣ǺǣЦļһѳûܵ˰֮Уȥ
˼ƽϣһתǰŮǰɵ˵ţˡ
һҡҡͷЦЩұ˵£ֵŵĵӴɢޣĹȻ˿鶦־ķˣƫһ磬޵˼羰á
΢΢һɽڵķڣǰֻһˡ仺ǰ̧Զã

ĹȣڤĶ֮Уһϥ
һŶ˷ǰɽһ¡ݵʱֻһĹδͣЪֻúó̸һ
ʱһλǰ֣һλǺС˴˼й͡йй㡢й˺Ƥʱȴδúõ˵ʱգٶꡭ
Ϊ뾳ĸԼ󷨵ĵãֱƴɱȡʤ֮һ̸
ΪˣΪܣ֪ǰĲǸԴĵһݵĸ֣һ۵ʵף
˳̸һգջһ򣬶˵вƼ֮δ֮ʱԷЦȥ˵ҪѰֽơ
ĹԱϼɽΪĶڡ˴ڤΪɽأ״볤ϲڡδٽеƮ
ĵ¯ԣ㣬һֽƲꡣᰳǳʶٵ֣˵Ļ
һĹȵĵգŶ˷ڤԵɽ֮ϡ
ʱ֮󣬶˷ε˵ʦյżһ𣬵ӱֱ֪ڼ
δЪϢһƣ̬ɽϵһʯͷ£ڰ˵Ϊʦͽȴ޼ؾ񣡡
˷¶Цݣȴִ˵֪ΪΣܾáǿļͷİʦȫ˵Ӱɣ˵ţܲ˵طߵף
һȰ裬ȴͷһ˷վɣֲ̧¼óö֣ʾ㷽ԣڣֻΪʦİֻ⡮Ļ롮ƿնݡ˱ͨ޷⴫һƪģ©ȻССĹȻֻڵϦ֮䣡мǣ
˷æֹ£˫֣ؽö򡣼ʱ֮ʦ潫ȥ
һַԸֻΪгֽ֮ɻ֮ʱɽഫ˷Щؿʦæļ¡УĪҪɽҵǷԨԴ鶦ʱԹա
һߵʱûоֽɡֻö˷ΪתһҪԶţںʱûʣʦδἰ
ճʱ֣˷ԶȥıӰһݣתĹȣ˫Ŀԡ


818 
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ĩ£ͻһ󣡽ֵϳżһʿ֮⣬û˷˵Ӱ
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Ƭ֮ŵɽһȥƽвǰУͻȻӰȵֹ
𵤺ڵʿޱ顣
һ̧ۿȥϤβü߳Եȥ·
ŵбģ곤Щһ˹˵ǱŵҲټߣ֣ǰʹ˻תȻ
ŶһüһʵȻ֪ҵ˳£Բٿµˮ֮У˫ʮն֮⡣
꣬һ̧óһʵľ԰棬˵̫ϳϵĽƣػǸ֮³
ʾ𵤵Ļ˸Ϊһ˵ҼʦԸ̫ϳʶʧʱǰȻдԭ
ûǴ£ֻǵһгΪʵһɱȻʱٽˮɷ飬ٻȥ𵤵ɫ΢䣬ȴǲ˺󣬻ӲͷƤ˵ɽ֮ǰݵ񡭡
СĪҪôߣһ˫һתȵӺڣӺڣҡķһ̣ɽ³ǲˮл첻ĺ
˲ɱ죬ֱʦ䣬Ҫɽŵļƣ𵤵һæ˶ȥɲǣʮλԪӤڵʿǡƽضգۼ㽫һΧ
ͻһΪ壬ܣϤӰӲδȴԶĴһʮλְڿ̣΢΢ʾ⡣
һ˫üǳʵԶģʦʦɽ֮ڣΪҪ˶Դĳ
۹ܶԶǸȻһЦ˵ֵѣϢŭҵ۹ܣһͬԴ䰵£ŲŲæ˵ٽ֮һħɷţĶǲСʦΪ˺ǲ죬׷ȴо𣡻˴˺
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Զ£˵¹λ٣ˡĳ޿ɷ棡
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һ˫֣˵ٶ֮ǰǱţڰıһͳĴҵɾ֮УӽŷΪպδ뺣սעšǶʦֵǺưֻ䲻֮£شţűɳΪ𡭡Ļֱ͸ƴǧ֮⡭
һαΣ¹طСԶɫһңæֵѣտƾԡ
˭˵ҿտƾĪмٲɣһ̧ʾ£ΪȻغɢſƣȻ˵̫ϳϽĳڰԸɣȴ˸ӲţǺǡҡҡͷֵû´ĻݵĻʿѾһ·
һĲ²ȴ˾Ųʮ˵ȥ紫£ŽɨءԶֹȴǰ˼Ȼضѣвֻ»ԸΥ
Զ֮ʣȴַֻһӰȻ
ԲɾƣƲɾԣ
ˣһ΢΢һһȴأԺɲŵλ˲δɽԶУ
ʮ⣬ƮȻ̬ݣҪ֮Уȴ޴һ׽˵жȣ̲Ҳ
һһڵˣǰ𣿡ָ̧ңʵϵĳҪţȴºộǺε
Ӳɫ˵˭ħɷŶڲأ˾ȡˣеģһҡͷ˵Ϊǰһ˵δϵԶԣʵĺ
һ٣һ˵δ뺣֮ϣгǰİдʱŲսҪǣڡ
۹һɿ֡
һ˵˺󣬳Ӽٽ˸أһͳţȴһԣ˱˴˵ԼӲﶸȻθߣ߳ȼ֮ƭǰֵЧں֮֮ˣصƻɢɱѸķŵЩְݡ
ɫһʱԸԶ£Ϸֵл˵
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һĬĬӣ꣬ǽʾ̧˹ȥ˵һΪƣҪѰʳǰĶ򣡡
ǺǺЦȻʦߵʱ»һнСӡԷ˵꣬һ͵ͷؿһ󼱾ʮڽΪԪ֮겻ֻѣ
ŵһѣ޶⣡ĥ£ѵΰ֮ΪԣΪϼ֮ѡ˽ʾתóһơҪ˵һͻȻ׿ʵǰ˶ʱҵȡ
ȡ߶һ䣬ȻЦΣǸطȥʮʦֲʵడ֮⣬һ֮ǰ϶ؽѰʾϵƣºֵӣ
һȻĵǣ䵽ʵ֪Ϊ˲ʵȣҪͬɹȡ֮ˣʯűٶϾͨž˭һ£ǻӴţһлڹĿǸƭˣԼδ⣡
⻹Ūˣ˵ˣΣ
һ޴йһԭתȦӣŹŹֵӹ˵ǰĺˣĳֱ棬ԺĪҪΪĹȣǡδ䣬ͻȻһѽ𽣣ǰ
죬Ԫѣ꼱Ϯ䲻ݻ֮ʣһƿնȥ֮һХ塭


819 
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䡪
һ죬ĽѩɱţʮɵһرȻը꣬һ󡰿죬ɽȶʱ̶쫷ӿ
֪ȥãɽХһĶͣ
ɸ߿գһȻɫĮȻֱͷѩȥ΢΢ǣгŨ
Կϵӵע³ԼΪλ󶯸λأΪһĲʲޣϷŪΪ߳ŭ
߼֮֮ԴһʼʵʵܳӵİڲǱԷġƿʾɱ˫ۣƿնݷν֮ƣʾ֮ԳϡǺԼ뵱ȻΪռ˱ˣֻԺСЩ㲻ԿΣ
Ԥȡ֮֮ǸĻĳӣδ̫ۣΪ򵥵ֶεóԸ
һӤоݣ£ȵȣΣǻǻΪԼǸòײ͵ϣȥԶ
Լһͷβˣ绨˵д˱Ӧá
˴һóöûûк׺żˮδ𣬿չȰ޼·ſһȥľ仰һ˲䣬֪Իɡ
ľ仰УбԹе⣬аʾǸŮ⣬֪ɹŵǳӽй¶ȥݵĻӡʱ˷ӵȥɹȲңʯű٣һн֮ӣ
ΪˣһٺĹ֮󣬱æ·Զ֮ǰǴһֽš
ѹȥһ£֪ǷأɹһΣ

ʱ֮һһƬɽ֮Сǰͷһ޼ڵɽ֮ϣѲǰģ䷿뱻٣ѩ࣬Ŀǽ塣İЩԻҡ
ʿڿնת˲˫˫һ٣漴ءһĬĬ˵ͷӰзԽ޼ڵɽֱ꣬Զĵɹȶȥ
ǰȥǧɹȱԵһѩۣ֮һΡ˴߲ǧɣȴǱ񳹵һأڱյӳ֮£ĿľӨ͸һ¡嶥һޱ֮ϣһŲȹŮӣڴʱ˵ֵѣΪӦԼ
һ˫գ˵֮ˡʱı뵡۹дһĨȻ
ںɾ֮Уұ㰵ǰѰң˭ûжεԲʱ򡭡ﻰ滺ٲһеϸˣֻȻȥ޴Ӹĵ
һھޱ֮ϣṰ˫֡Ҫڣɻֲ֪ͷΣǰβԶ޼ҷ˲⡣ɫѣȻǿг¡һУֻ»ԼйءΪδ˴Ĳʱ
ôǣһ˵ںɾб֮꣬ʱɹȣ޵Բ飡ʹֽһǡѱչأתݵ˼գȴ޼б䣬ɷʵ桭
ﵭһЦ˵Ȼˣʲô˵ģʾˣԭϥ¡һ󺮷紵䷢ҷ𼸸˿
һĬĬͷ°ȥֻúͣһ
ںɾ޵֮ϣи֪ɹȵֵֻЯ֡渵һͷɻһһ⿪
֮ǰ޼ҵһ˴Ϊסͨ޼Ҳ˺ĵɹȡ
޼ҵľԪɵ֮ʱΪʯţԻš˵Ԫδ߲ýУȻɣ
˺޼ҵĺϤػŵɹȣڴһտԴԽʯŵִֻѣѺѣ˵ɶȥȴһһ
òԪӤڵΪ໯νһ֮ңȴѴȱǰ㱧Ըװ״ǰĻԵϤĲĵ伮֪֮֮Ԫ񲻳ɶýţֻѸ͵ԵʡΨһƽֻ֮篿һԣ
δѰ篵䣿޼ƿʩʹ̼λõɢޡʷƽӴӺɾзأŮӴΪܣ˺ͬС
⣬һԵʣͨݵɢ޲δܵóԸȥ˸ӡɾر֮ƽӼӷأýе篳¡ϣֻǿƳıҪͼɵȴˡ
ƽ벽ӵԪʣ޼˵ʲô಻ϴĻԵأ»壬ǰȥಢ̹;
֮£ƽ벽ӱĳչػвɣһ޷̤·޻ӣ
㣬ءֱһգ޼ұ٣˺ȣɹȶҪתܵ˾ﲻòȳأ׻½٣
ݵİλɹȣο֪Ѱһʯȴ֮һ˱ýȻҪѰ޼ҵĵʸףȴһ
ŭ֮£λ˱㽫޼˵׳죬Ҫɱ壬ڱƳ
Ϊ׵ǰǸ֮ˣ˵ŵǰΪΪɶ񣡡˴̾˵ţֵλǰȥΪ˱ס޼ңֻôǵʯţڰλǰȥ֮ʱȴͻ𡭡
һĬȻ˫üǳ֪ɹȵͻȻһطǾǵˮ³ǣ֪߼޹ݵ˲ֻ޼ҵ棬µȥ˺η
Ǹֶ֮ˣ˶Ը֮У޼ұ٣˲ˣǸӵļ黫ɶ֪֮ⲻȴ˷ʤ޿κΣǵһУǲɱ⡭
Ļ죬һ̧ۿȥԷ˵һŮɹȣǿšŵǰʲǰ;գŮȴִԲ򡭡
ǻӡһȻʧ
۹һͷ˵ԭֵ֪¡
һҡҡͷȴ޴ӷ˵ǳ׼֪ǰǵľٶŴ棬βŮӵԣȰ棡ʯű󣬾Ƶء
ԻһֵΪ裬ӽ֮󣬾Ȼֽȥס̾һֵ벻޼ػĵžʹ˶⡭
ŵôԣһɫһ˼æɢʶȥ꣬ƿһԭûӰƬ֮ٿȻ˫гâ˸µʯţ޼ѰӣһȥΪҪ˵ȥ·Լæ˴Ǵʱ򡭡
һľٶԤϣ̬¼ŶȻı֮ϣһȹΪޣзҵļ˿էһ绨ţֻȥһ
һعٴζǰŮǿгأֻ»ۼΪԪ˴ݵȻƶʯٲ⡭
޵ѣ֪ӵɹȵԵɣתһʵĽ¡ȴ϶Էڴλǰ˵ˣһнֵѵԵʣ
һɵƤһȡƭ֮󣬻ٲһţ御£żι˵Ϊĳ֮
ﹰֻһ񣬲Ϊ˵޶Ϊ˴Ϊɹֵ֮ѣ޼ʹȻͽκΡ
굹СŮӣһָ˳̬ǸȻ˵ֻϧɣڵţ
šһ˵ĸ߶һ飬ȻһЦ˵ֵԣƣ
һɫһһֱٴƵ𡭡


820 
ŵĸкָﲢδѰһľϤԷ겢Ӻֱӵ˵ɹȣһЦ֮ڱ˴˼йĶԹἰ
˽̸ãһϤѧӣһΪʶڴŵĵӣɵΪ޼ҵĴа۷
ˣһĿе֪Ůƽӡӽչڴ˴ǵȺ˵ĵ⡭
ĺɫٵʱվ˵ʵڴغֻ࣬Ϊƽӵѳأɫؼҽһģڴ˵աʧˣ
һԴڱ֮ϣǵɫӰȥʧԶҪžƽӳأһͬԶУǰĵɹţȴŶ롣ʯûˣŮӵоֹԵת
ĻģһҪڴ˵Ⱥȥ׷Եɣ֪ΣֻҹɫңƮԶһ˿Ի֮ɢ
żһͬδ뺣شŰӶ£ҪЮλѣνء
㣬ȻҪ֪ߣй¶һ˰ģδ뺣սн֮¡Կп֮²֮ģѰȥҪ˵ȵȣŵԴԼӵͽ֮١
һ뿪δ뺣ʱȴԴȳӵʵ⣬ħɷ̽ŵķ졣ڱ˿ľֹνȴĳ˵Ԥ֮УӦֻ֮ܽε̾һˣΡ
λ˼ϻӾԶȥֻһˡ˺ĺܶ䣬Ű£ʵ
ܲ޳ӵоȴò˵Ļ͡شһȴδʹ˳٣Ϸ쳾ֻݷǧ֮ٷ۶ɧ
ҹһڱ֮ĬȻ֮ʱ˳Ͻ«һڡ͵ľˮǡһɱȪֱ͸ĵףֻ֮һŻڶ崵ĳⲻһ˲䣬е㯼ĪļȱӿֻŰѾ滳
ҹɫʾէ֡ϼͷףӳֻ졢ơȵâʰ쵣ǧɹƻãֱϼȥһعȻ
ֻ֮󣬵յ峿ʱ֣Ųȹˡ
֮ϣһأһţٲ綳һ㣬üգ˲㺮Ψ˫о˸ǧ֮޼ɽУ˹ݲңٽŮͷҲأɫȻ
ҪһŵաֵѾúˣδ£Ǹ
һ΢ıУһվϵĺʱֻеɢȥʾ£˵ʤǡʱҲ
ﵭЦ£ŷ˵ƽӵѱճأֻ˼ɣŵȵʱת·ıȣĳ˴
һ⣬¸Ů˵λڱ±չءԼԵʣ˲˼ɶԸ¡˭ñ˴ԩҶأ
Ƭ֮һӰӵ·ɳֱϱ塣һɫۣ縻Ұ׳룬ɫѻһǼЩЦ˵ֵѣһᣡ
˱ɾľƽӣһǶȻ֮ȴ뵽˴־۵һ𡣲˱չس֮ԭеΪͻƣоֹ̹ȻŵѵһС
ƽӵѣһᣡһŹֺһ䣬ֺʵ޵˵һλӵڴ˱չأΪβδصʱ򡭡
ƽЦݽȥһ̾һۣתһ˵֮ǰӱѺľԪˣ
һ΢㵣ĬĬ˵ͷ
£˵ڼǰȥ벽ӵ𣡡ƽ͵գʶꡭ
˿һ˵ӭգӦ֮壡ͬȥ
Ծ±壬߶ݷûѩǵɽȡֱǧƽתǰһУ⣬չصĵطȻ˵أѹֵѰնһ
Ƭ̣һŵĵѨ֮УֹסΡɵһСؼ䣬ŵĲѳһźһɼΨ˫Ŀգ١
һ𣬾ƽ﹪ʶĵѾôûˣ˸ͬܣɫȻ
Σһס̾жʿôڱչ붨һȥ۲ǰʱû
ƽֱ̾˵Ӵ˷գܺùʬҰ
ɫˣ˵ȥǰ;ϲ⣬Ǹʬ޴³
˸п֮ʱһϽ«¼ơˮڰգ㾡ɱ£Ϊ˼ƾ˼ֵı⡣ǷǷȫޣΪգ˭˵أΪʿҵδɣãȻգ˭ֻء
Ǽһɫׯأ޷֮⣬ƽӹ˵ֵѲǰӲͣҴлˣ
һ죬ΪȻذ˰֡
ƽ鳤룬ɫпֵǳңǶˣǸ֣С֮Ĳ޶°ͬģֻнֶΰˣνǷǶԹ֮׿Ϊ̣ʶһ٣żǫѷ鿴һ˵ʶұˣһʱķȴһĳԹνɱ𣬲;еĹֻ̲ȥ쳤ԶֵѣΪȻ񣿡
ƽӵĻ⣬ȴ޵֮£ûʲôƶ֮ûֻ֣֮ɫɫͬ·ˣͬģԲʧҳڡ
һƬ̣˵ȻҲ
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ţΪƻڣɳ룡˵˵ĵ·˵ݵһŻȥ֮޻ת
һƫƧɽ֮У˷˵ͨ򣬻žʵΪźһ
ǰδɽȣһ棬żֲʵǰοʯţӵȥ˺δž٣ܺһ
ʯϣֱһ仰Ϊŵߣ롭˵ţŶҲɼҲԣԶҲʶóȻߣſ룡֮һھһʽ־ѣӵȥֻͨɾһ;Զ
ɾһͷһ֪طȴ޴Ѱû뵽Լȴͨеĵ¶Ѩ˰ꡭ
˵޼Ψ⣬Ϊһݾ
ԣһԵľƽӰݡʶ꣬ȴ޼ҵ֪ࡣ಻ס֮£ʵµĽݾɷֱ򡭡
£Ѱ򣡡ҡͷ


821 ɾ
νһۣ
һŵӵУһö򣬱ǹɾͼֻ޴Ѱɾ䣬ѽ֮ˣ˭մʱɾٴð˳㵲ѣʹԼ˰꣬ݷƵģֻһ֮ɾֺںη
·ɺʱſϰݰ
£ѰĻлɾͨıؾ֮·
е伮أɾȴͨʶƲɵ硣ֵѼڵذ꣬Ӧ֮һδϣﵭһЦתƽʾƽӵ֡
ƽӵ˵ͷ̾ɣǳȫҶˡһץŹâɴ֮һŷ˵ǿƳ£Ըó
󣬾ƽһ־ĵŶʧȴһĹ⻪編ƣͬǽ´׵
ֵѴǰʣž٣ܺһ˵ţһֵŽΪɣٻд棬ƾµķɿǵ֮š԰գ˿ɫ
һƽӸԲֻǿľٶֻ񣬱˫ַɣ֮ٿȻȥ䲻˵ҵڣʯŵд
֮˫һͣϸĹâƾնۼһӯ飬ǱĩǾɢʼգţڡδ䣬Ůӵ˫ֿӡѸǰһ㡣֮ɲǣƧɽжʱһĿ׹⣬ƵһƽӼ䱾˽һ
գ֮䣬żɴСĹâչűһǽƱڣƻá֮һŤоȻһĪŶӨ׹⻪תͣ
ӣҿȴʮϢ˲䣬ڡλѣȥ޻ת֮ȡᣡһ
ɽⷬΣһƽӾȲѡ֮;ޡţţշʧڰյĹâ֮У˲룬ǵ֮š
ɲ֮䣬â˸һæ񲢰סβɼĪϢĹǰһתвΣ㲻ӳɵ뿪ԭһʯͷı̧ɫ΢㵡
ɵ죬ɸ߻ǧɸߣʶ֮ѱԶŵģһСһĺʯԹͺͺԹ졣ܿŰݣǺĺХëȻǹɾڡ
Զһʯͷı紦ƽӾΪ̻޴ģ˼ϵңʹж硣δ۸ӣָδȥλֵȴڵ±˰꣬ǺεȵĲס
һǽ֮ǰĶѨͬŰԪ֮Ũ˵󣬴˴ǹɾˣ
ƽӿһһ˹ȥ˴˾һֹסϲĵۡ
ڵĴʯͷСסˣһһƨڵϣ˵а篣䲻η磬ȴ;áԷȻ漴ָԽƽӹ˵˴ѱ涫Ҿٲά裬ָǺãɫ˵֮ͣϣײ֮;ֻҵβ
˵ڶУһתʶĿԶССʯͷһͷһ㣬͸ŹĪ⣻޴ڵ̺Хֹķҡ·Ȼͨ˼ĶѨһ
޵ѣΪ޼Һݾɷἰй顭һʵ
ȣû˱˴˵Ĺ˼ɡһһʣſɬ˵ѵԪ񲻳ɣÿǿɾʴˣδͼεֵ̾Ĵҵ³ǽݾ˾ҵ·
ΪӦбȴΪ֮£ƾһ±һ޷˵̤˲·ǵɣڲ
һ˼֮ʣƽ˵޼ԣ£ѰҵȲУֻ봩ԽɾѰ򡭡
ƽӵĻеرڣһԴΪȻҪ˵Էַѵֻ˼ʵѱ
ˣһóһö򣬷˵ϵǡñǹɾͼٶ꣬δóֳ첻ѵ˰ڰ֣ʾԷйܲ뾪ϲŽ˵ƽӵԲҵΨУѰĿܡǵĲˡ
Ե˴һͻȻ𣬾̧űĴʯϣűڿնת˲䣬ѷԾֱϰɸߣȥƺһ٣ȴϰߡһʱԳ֣һͷƿеĲ֦Ҷһ׹£̶顪һˤ˵ϣֹסһ󷭹Ǳ
ΣƽȻ⡣˲֮ʱһѴ󲽷ɱͨһ±ڴʯͷԱߣȻһɡ
ֵѣ㷽šŲ鿴ã˺һӣƽӻǲ³һ⡣ŵ˵Ѹѵ·Ǽѡֵѽ磬ʵ˹Ŀ࿴
һ˿˵ұµİ䣬ǰֻǿʲųǿ֮ûˤҡںģﷴǰ˲٣¶һĨǳЦ
̽ȥһʶϵͼӡ㽫佻ƽӣ˵дʯɹЪϢ·Ҳѣǧ֮⡭λԼɣ
һ룬һ˵ȥˡɾֻй֮ȴɾ֮ʵ·Ĳߣ
Ƭ֮󣬾ƽӽͼתһԵüͷ˵ɾɾС࣬ȴȻаķԲֵʾȥǧ֮⣬ΪһƬĻԭڡѰֻ֮׶༪ٰ
ѴҴҿ˱ͼȻ˵ɾ˵ĻûйûҩûޡĵرֻС
һÿɷЦЦͬǰΡʲô˿͵֮£ûʯͷƷˣ
ƽ̾żĿ˵˴ʲôûУֻɱε磡˳У;
ɫɥһ£˵ҵȽΪޣȥϣڴ˴ת
ƽĬȻ꣬תһ˵ʵһ²ʮԪ˵վ
һ˵ֻǰ¡ͬһĲͬ˽ޣ죻ȻеʿڽŲٵʱֻʬһ³
ǵԳһЦ˵ҵԺһЩʮĹ
Ƿ£ƽͻЦǺǣ޷ִֻһӣ˵ţֱ־ֵƴźľʮ߲꣬ĹɾֵѣɸͬУȻ˵Унˣ
һӹݹĬĬһۡδԶ˵ȥнˡ


822 
ɫɣŰХذһĴʯͷ֮䣬ӰᴩС
һ֮һԶڱ紦ЪϢֱֹȥһʱƽǱظϵ˽ǰæͳʯһ
ʮʱȥʮǺǣ߷Ҫƴ˲ƽӸпֲ֮۵޵ֵѵΪҪǿһﰡ˰У̾磡һԵᴭ£żο˵ɲֵѾúˣ
һҪУԶˣžƣЦ˵λعǫҵ֮Уһвʮɣ
ʯĹ򣬵˴̸䡣ƽ˵˵ֵѴӺֱ˵ɹȣļʤ˵ضӣ
˴翴Ѹͣȴ¶Ѩһɡˣڸ洦ɼĴʯͷԱܷƣʵԶһ룬˵ȡ磬вرǸ³ԲⰡʾ£˵λҰЪϢ·;Զ
ƽʯɵϢһöͼ˼֪ŵǴӺδõͼֻǴ»ɾĸſ꾡ıעʵأҪѰȥ֮⣬ıܲĵ¶Ѩӵߵһ
̧ƳԵλͬ飬һɰҡҡͷֻҪû֮䲢ദƽ֮ǰΪ϶˵˴֮ûʲôͬȻʿȻ
һʱΣݣǧ֮أ˶ܷƵĺʯͷǰ;᧿Σ
һ͸Ű翴Զд߶ӳ֮ϡ꣬΢΢Դϻڵ˰֮ûӰһ˿ֶߡڹɾһ֮ӤħӤæܵԪ֮
ЪϢһ֮˽ǰ·㣬¹ȥһﳤʮɸߵɽڳǰ
˴Ƽ࣬ƣľƽɫءȺʱһԣ˵һ䣬ҴҴЪϢǰ߱ɽڣأ̧ͷͬһԡ
ʮɸߵɽ֮ϣŨҵļ٣˺ķ线ǡǧХŭűԶļѰԲڴ˼ܷˣ类ⷽŵˣ𡭡
չȥƽŻָ˼ֳ̬㼱ҴվһȴŲæţżɻˡ
£һǧԶƬʯͷġڡ󡣶Խǰɽڣһ޼ʵĻԭŰ֮£޵տ֪Դˣһ˶ηĪ˵Ϊѵľƽˡ
˴ĬȻƬ̣һվתС̤ɽڡƽϵ¶ʱһâ£ŷ
һվɽ֮ϡ֮ɲǣŭΰͻϮƵһȶȥǰлͫ˸ǧޱ޼ʵĺɫ֮ϣ̾κһӿһͷͷԭҰ֮УֻɨһУƲɵ
ѽһһ˦䣬ˤһס漴ͷҲص˵ȥĪ⣬λһ
ƽű龪һȻӣҴһ£˵ɽڵһβӦǳǹڡЩʯͷؾǵżһǣôٻϧ˰п˼֮תǰͫһ꣬һѣȴ˼һڻؾǿ򶨵˵Ȼнˣֵԡ
Ծδʧ˵֮֮ͣʱҪǿʮɲֹ
һתͷ˵֮ͣʤ޹Уȥнˣȥһɫüͷǰֵޱܷ֮˵³ǣԭ֮޵ΨѰݴߣ
ƽӼʶԨ˵Ӧǲ١һǣô紵ûˣЩηĺʯ롰ʯ£ӲǳӦɾ֮ĻҲû˴һڶѨĸΪҡֻƾŲȱΪһ£봩Խԭѣ
޳ܾ⣡ֵͷǰ·ҶΨհƽӳƮƮɫȻ͸һǰơһԵؿ£ŵͷ͡
޳ӲйͣתﲻϢʲͣ½Ųֺ֮ٲǰأһ˫üһչ˵ǰ;δСЩΪãʹ֮ϣһͷɽڡ˲ɣ뵽֮С
ʮԶһεתƽǲļѵģǰ·ɴྶͥˣ˵ˮһ뻤£ֻò˶ã˫˫ľΪյ֮У˴˽ԱϾֻ
˸ûлת֮⣬һųǰд˰֮ã֮һΪȣʱǣ뱼ûʲôգ֮䣬ʧڿ費ֹ֮С
ƽҧǰŲŲзֺивʱѲһӰɵתԵ˴ԵǾʧ䣡˳չԾһ֪ࡣĳ˵Ϊ֮ǿǳϣԷȥҲڳ֮С
֧˰֮˲ǿԶȴǿ֮ĩ̼粻ֹǰһƬãã˻̻Ȼ֪ȥ
ҡҡ׹ɫݽߣ²ĥֻתۼͻʬ޴档Ȼܷ֮ҪͬˣΥѵ³
֮ľƽӣڿҡڲǰǼѡٴǿһ󣬲òͣɬҪӳ壬Ҫǰʣ޼Ϊʵȫʮ괩ԽɾȴϺľ˲ֻ߳ȥǧԶ
ǡڴʱһɫӰͻȻ֣˳ɿٽ״˾һһȻԶΪҪأ

ȥһ˽ǰɷ˵ϵޡȴһԽƵķȻʧ֮С
֮ķѵ֮Ѳ³һ⣬æѡƽȲʵֵѣǰ˱ܷڡ
鼱֮£磡һϾϧޣǰһץһתߡԷᣬǰ
ֱһ֮󣬿еһͻȻֹסȥƣ͵ؽе˶£תͨһſڵϣʹѡһڣѵ˾ƣĵز
ƽ֮󣬱˲俴ǰΣæָԸȥһͰһǳǳӣǿɵȥ߰˳ɵķƣȴչֻǱš


823 
ȫԸ磬ҵԹȫƽﲻңæоƻһſŶҲ߬ƷʯţǲƲ̼Ӷ
һʵۻˣֻǶͬ˵һ־أܼذ˾ƽһءܸıʲô֪
Ī֮£˾ôǱضաָ߰˳֮һ̧ͷţȹֵһ¹â۵ӵһ࣬ڵ硣ƽ˶£
̧۹⣬˵֣ǡ
յĹ򣬾ƽѳģ̬Ե˿ҡҡͷɬ˵Ԫ޶࡭䳤̾λܣֵʱұɾеʮʱԶϷ׼աĳǹ֮ңʱų󰡣֮ΪǣֻΪ̡
ﲻɵ˿ŨķңȻƽӿŰݵ磬ٴ̾һ޵δйиʱ磬ȥҴңҽ׷ϲĩˣȴҪȥֱҷ𡭡ڵʱ˸УȻֶ˼ֵĳ֮⣬ԳЦǧ굯ָһӼ䣬ֻٵɡ
һ£ͷȥʯʱѣŨѭӿڡ㿴ƽΪ˼εѡԷ֪ȴִȻأ
ǧ굯ָһӼ䣬ֻٵɣ仰ѣ˵͸벻ʣֻأٴ̸ס
ƽ˵ԵʣɾеʱתҪϼ֣ǰĵ¶Ѩǰ㣬Ϊܼ尾ʮأ˭صʱѹȥ꣡ⷽزһǴһյչ
һ֮ʱ˵ֵѣ˴αΪ˿·Σȫ֮ͬ飡
ԣһͷһæֻƽȫʹ»壬һͷ뵽͵֮С
ȴΪֻ֣ˡ
״һȻ˹ƽӴ˾٣ǹ֮ͬ飬ҪΪִһ̣ӱʾ£ǰȥ
޳ѿܵΡһǽʩչʶֻѰһܷĵطƾΪײûܻ߳ɾ
һصǲչ󣬾ƽӱָǰɫܣʮ֮⣬ԼɼһƬݴڿԳ֣ǿڴ಻ܹ
һɣһץԿת˾ƽӡƬ֮˴ܷ紦һĬĬЪϢ
֮ͬΪһӣʱǸҪһЩȴŻ磬˲ת֮࿹һ߬ʯδɣȴûͷһңתͷȥ
յľƽӣһȲԪӤ֣ʱ޷˪֣̬ӣʮһģһԵ˲ûɫȻ
ƽ´䣬ǿЦǺǣ޷ЪϢһٶ٣һʾ֮󣬶ʯ޾ƣ˫ۡ
ͷĻңһĬĬתɫȻŮӰ̾氧ˡ
һʱ󣬾еһü£̧ۿȥ
ԶȥŵľƽأԽ˫Ŀ̬͡٣令ʱһŷɻҡ֮ɲǣ֮ʧһƮ֮С
ͬʱȦͨ죬ػ֣һ·ߺã
࣬Ǹͬܣһջ۹֮ⰵһɵⶣֹƽһء
ʶĵѣôһȥˡһԼһʱȻ̲סҵļ̣ȴŮʹȻ꣬棬ǸȻ˵Ҷǧˣ˶飬ֵѼЦˡ
һƬ̣ʵ˭飿
･ָ˳̬ŶԷ˵һ˸·ǲףҶֵۣѲȥ
һÿɷ˵мƽϡ

ЪϢһ֮ٴζ
һһ֮ǰǰѰ٣ƺ󣬶ץֱۣһͬ·ûеĸֻۣרע»壬Ůӵķɶ֧Ÿաӯǰʡ˲㣬ǰȥ
ضĥһӦ硣ԭϼѰЪϢĵط಻ԡչȥӰп񱼲ֹ
գȲѵһףɫ̼קﲻ֣죡
ﾪһǿԸвʣȴǸѣΣԷƴά˵ȫ
һĵķȴ׶¶ԷŮӲǰӿţԼɾأȻǷ飬߾ȥɣ
գһźòѰһܷĵط۵۷ڣൽ;ƿݵľء˾֮˽Ÿ·
ÿÿһеʱѰԱܷڣν޾֮·иУ˽˻ԭǰ
֪Уǰȥٴ־˶Զ·һδϡֻŴԭѰڡǰ·δȴͶҡ
ﱻһץű۰򣬷һǰСһСӭ磬һ߰̾ѡǰ˲ȥ磬ȴԶԶʱ졣һȥԶ쳣˷ĥ£ԼǲӦȴøΪǿ󣡲˴ʮղЪϢֻβ
ǰʯ𣬱ǳǳĿǵѰһֻв̿˶˾ͣԾΪãһ˿ڣ͵ۣȻ˽˸ס˫üбһǰ񱼡
ȥһĽǰѰɹЪϢĵطҪһκľΪƶζ˱ܼ尾ȥ಻ˣþĥɡ
ڴʱһͷһǰԶԼ˿һ·Ĵʯ˼ֱȥٽŷʯͷһ֮ǰл˾ŸϤӰ
һɫһȴѲ޴ܡâԾӡ
Ǿͻնһת֮䣬˹Ц˾һ޷޽߳ѽֳ壬һŮĴε


824 Ҫ
ͻأĴʯһɸߡɿԲʵǰɵķԲߵǳʵһɶõıܷڡ
һ˫أɫĵʱסǽ׵˵ʾ޵ѣԵվš
ؿǰľŸˣһʱЩ޴롣ǸµŮ֮⣬°λɶǾݵĻʿһɵ۷һĴڰʱЩǰײβԴηǴǰ޼ɹȱ٣ͬ˲ҶԸǵľֹ档ʱ˿̣˴˾Ȼߣͬط֮أʵʴӣ
ֵѾȻһ޶ãǿɲһλǰǰλ
£ﻹŹǷǷӣ˵λǰ
˴ֻҪ磬ֺǰ޶˱貢Ϊ𡭡ﻰųڣһͻȻûԡԷĴ㵣ɵطԸǰ£
ֵֻзɱ˵ʱӣǽΪԼƽأд࣬ȴԣֻӦӡǷŮӵǰԶӲͷƤȥ
һʯ߬ĮȻ°̧Ƶؿǰľˡ
Űɫ΢㵣۹ϣ漴ȻһţǲᣬԹɵϢ޴󰭡
ɫľɣ˲²͸˼һƤ֪
ͻȻһڻ뷽ηĽףȴ⡭
ﴨͷʾ£֯ƵУһ篣ǵɹȵСͬ¡伮ƣͣ磬֮䡭
ɢںصУƲʤ֮Цζ˵ɹʯž٣Сӻ˴е˼
ī˵ͷ͵ӵӦΪʶ;Ŷԣȴҵշת߰˸֮ãδ߳ɾ
ɢ˸ɴֱʵһ㲻ҪھóóȻ˽
ӽɢţһԪ֮ǰƲƲС죬˵֪ŮžֺοǿʯأȻŶ˰й壬˹ɨء߲Թһ˹Цֵףѱ棬ƫƫСѾͷС
޶ȡЦɫȻ漴ŭ忴ǸֵӰǰ˵û·˿ѰΪˣȱһ·Ǻ׷˴ν⡭
Ӵһ޺ЦݣֺǺǿһٲطһСԻӵĻΪȻڰ֣ҡŷ˶Դ˵λҴ˴ɰȻ˵ұΪֵٶ飬ҪھȢӿ֦ɢҶϸĴգ˭룿ŶĪΪ׷Ѿͷ
̴ڰţϼѹ˲Ϊһ˵ǼΪںԡ
Щǰһ̬޼ٵɹʱͱˣһΪҲ⣬æųûЪϢ
һȴɫ顢顱ĵʯó˵ӣûȡЦ޷ǹҶðˡ֮Ŀ˵ģʵڳĻǰЩѿǰ򡢺й˴֪Ҳöƽϡ
һſڲ飬ǰڳ˺Ƥļƣʱ¡ô״֮便кá
ӿһɫɵĵѣ˫һ̯ЦСӣ۸ٶ꣬κΡתһǴȵ˵ţֵкβ˵һ˵ܲƽ޹ί
һһ˵Ҳ֮£ֻλһͬǰȴΨ꼰ɹȣȡ˭֪֮󣬲֮ˣ˵ɹȵ޼ңƵǿгҴΪһ٣۹ɨˣֵľݣֻһλˣ˭棿һͳĪҲ
˴һֻͣ˱粵Ƭ֮󣬳أӣϾţû˵˼京Цʾ⣬Ҫġˣڳ˻Ȼ֮󣬽Ϊ޶ԵģƷ˵һ²ؼ
ƽϣұִɵѰ;⡭˳ﴨ˵ǻʿȥ䣬˭˿һǬӵ尡һϣָ˵֮֯ҵ¯ٰ࣡ϣᴫ󡭡
һ㵣ɵüͷɣﴨĻ˴ʱ뷨ܳ⡢⣬޹ؽҪǰʲôŲµأ֪ʵΣ˭ƽĹ
ߺߣز˰ɣѻָ˳̬ųӵıӰһۣתһ˵һ䡣֮⣬Ϲﶷʤ㣡Էִ޹ɫ˵˼ұչ֮ʱϤʦҪԶУ˹㱻˼˳ȥ˭СбŶ
ɢ˺˵ϷڵùǺ㲻˼ҰЪϢƬ̡תһ˵֮֮޵֮СǼĺ޶֪Ϥȥ·ҵǰ򣡶ΪֻѱҺΪ֮ɡ
Ƭ̵ĹڳĻ֮У˳ӻһζЦ֮⣬߽ԾЪϢһĵûɣûǰǰļУƣɢ˶Բͷ
ΣһһգŭֻɢȥûѣЩ˵һģǴеһ׸ǳһһֵܺţ˵ЪϢ֮ضûС
ֵܣ޻˵ˡӹһ֣϶ŽЦ⡣
һһϣ̲ס߳ӣҪ⣡Ժе㡭
ӵЦݽϡмؿһŵˣŲҴʱ㽫ӳȥ
һųӣüһһ˵Ҳţ
ףСӲӺؾһתң˵˴Ϊǰָͷ㹻һ
ڳ˾ԿɫɻǳһȥǺǰҲʹ죿
һԵӾŵ˫ۣЩãȻ޴롣ֵΪҪЩˣ䣬ø³
ߣؽ֮£֮УƾԪ֮ԱݣȴԷʩչֶΡҶ֣˭һɫſƾͷһʯԶȻ԰λˡתųӣԷŵĻؾŲţ㽫ӳȥ


825 Ҵ֮
ļѸε֮£һ֮УһŰλˣȻ
ײӵȾˣһ֮漴ѿߣź޹˼ɵԾӡʿ֮Բη磬һԪ֮˾ٲֻΪ֮ȥ֮ȴͬٲΪ֧š
겻ĻӣԪӤԲΪȴѵ֮͡ȫʦԪ֮ıӻɢƣΪ˹ʡ
˾ǻĸΣ˭ҷˣֻҪԪ֮вãʴ³
Ʊ˽˶̴ڳ˽Կһɫ졣ӳЩŭ˵µΪʣ޼ұ㶯֣𡭡
һųӷֵĥ֡Ȼ˵ĪˣҿһӤ֪˭ܵסҵġħӡ
ƳԵɢˣСѽǴӱħӡ˿ɵŶ䴥˵£Եɫʱ
ħӡԺδ֪Ǵӵںɾ֮Ŀá޴ӵֵȴɶܡʱ˵أĪҪ֮вɡ
ڴˣֵϵ׽Բη磬ֻûֵñˡﴨʱ˵ͬΪݵѣԺΪ󡭡
һ۹ӹ˵ˣֿӡ˭תۼһ䣬Ц̿ģ˫ٺֵСӼٽ֮£ӶԴǰٰΰǲΪһĹѽ
δ˵ֵ꣬شЦҰ˵λĪҪ⣡Сʶ꣬ѵü߳ŭʱʹ죡ֲ֧ģȻһཻ֪ǳ̬һ龪紵ɢˡ
ǺǣԭˣﴨοһЦһʾ⣬һоڲС
գ˫ۣأɻ󲻽⣡Сʶꣿˡ
ﰵ˿˵̸ֹɴȡ
ڳĪȴ£æɵϢ
ЦݲЩףһɵû˫ۣȴ̲סش˿ڴۺʱεأԵǸһֻҪ۶̣յ³޿κΣй˼ͼΪƣ֮УʹĺΪħӡԼ³֪
ֵܣ˵Ī⣬˴˽Լˣúýǣ
һ˼֮ʣƽذһ䡣в׹ԷЦûлΪҲǿɾˣŭ㲻ˣǲʶġ
ӻһ٣ֲ޳Ͽҵ˵ʵҵһ˰֮òµĶѨһµĹѰ˴Ҳ²󣬽罫ΪҰװģ̾Ų˵λСรɣ
԰գʶͷһ˸飬˫һ̯ʾ⵽ʱĪ漴ȻԷ˫Ŀ΢أʯɲֹ
֮󣬻ĸʧ֮Сⵢ飬ȴ벻ɢ˵ıӻɼֻԹ޵صһֶۣһ䣬Сӻãųȥ
ϲµİﴨǰȴ؆һأһԶౣءĸˣͬڣͷҲء
յֻһ֮С
ǰһһԶȥͷࡣŰݵ磬ֲһãȻЩ˵Լֵֻ֮˰ˣȻ֪٣·߶Զ
ḧգָһƷң۹лһ˿㯣ֻ֪أﺮůԶ쳾ţֻΪĴǧˣϣɵȻƮ죡
ƽӵ֮ʱδ˵ԸԼֽΣԸһӣˣɾлĸϥǰЯޢǻڻǰ¡˰Ȼݣкκܺùǧ꣬°º
￴Ŀһת˼Զ
ֹգһӾ˫֣ʯмȥǰ󲻹յĹȥĿƷʯɼ֮ǿӤΪԲֻӤħӤ缢ƿʵԪ֮
һתԣ΢΢һĿԶǴһĨǳǳЦ⡣޷ף㷢Ⱦ˲ŨŨĺ˪
ﻺףЦݣȴŶ꣬ãỨȻûżɬ˵˷Զ֮󣬾ˣһؾʱһǸʮСѾͷתǧȥ֪ǰĴ֮ס
һƬ̣˵޵ѡΪβɡ
СŮ̬ת˲ţִżֲɣ˵ҽ߾ȫ֮£ֻһԭ߰˳ɵΪͽ޹ع£Ҳһζ
һ£ԶԡΪټıѲظв䣬Ůӻ֧Ŷã
޶࣬ҲҪƽӵֺ󳾶ȥ΢΢һЦȻ˵һüһ˵һ߾ܣһ·ǰУ
ĬĬһΣ΢΢Ƿ˵һţ㻻㣬Ī
һţӣһ˵һ䣬վȥҪŸ·Էɣ˵ｫ˵꣬ٶ١
һ⣬ȴŮɫ֣أ϶һ״ӵƣһö¾ɵ򡭡
ǰ;δʧұ㽫Ҵ֮иֵѡݳ֮ΨֶԷܣַ˵ݣٽ仹ұǣܺùûˣ
һӹϴаƴСһйŹΣһСޡ֣֮УȻǡɫ㵣̧ͷȥƶԴԤϣ˵޼棬ġ򡯣֮ƲˣտɳִѰȥа֮
һɫȻεҡҡͷ˵µͼ򲢷Ѱ֮עĽΪǳ¶⡣⣬лˡʮ򡯵ڣΪ˷롣ڡ򡯺ڣΨ򷽿ֻ֪
һ£ɵ߬еƵҲۣһö򣬱ѽ˷˼
˵޼µľѰ֮һͼ򡣶ַǷͼǣ֪У֮СɲǼ䣬޼ʵǳ
ֻûǿʶѿͼ꾡ﻰһ٣æֵѣСģѵ˲䣬һѴǿջʶأԾ㵲ѡ
δǳ֮䣬Сʮ򡱡


826 Զ
һǰ·׷˳һСЪϢ֮ʣԷǰһԶȥ˺һ֮˴ٴطꡭ
һͰĴʯͷ󣬾˼һܷ硣ʮһǳ֮Уһڵأβ
ûûҹظ·һĸƣòѰܷ֮޲ûɵϢΨΪĻ¡
ѽСΪάȫȴ̻¶֮УĪ֢˲ɣʦ棬ڳǿءЩ޷޲ƽԵɢƤ̧ĵشҪ£ҵڿһſű㲻ˡ
ʦ棬Ҽǵ˼ҶСΪᡭӵĻδ˵꣬ɢ˱㲻ͷ߳СѾͷȰǿɾǣϷװɵΪ˭Ĺ˼ˡ
֪æڲ̲꣬סԶһƨɵӺѿŶԷΪֳﳰŮӺûԼûȴΪҪۼء
СܸǽЩ⣡˾ͷֵվԶһۣתЦСѾͷʦƴ㣬ﻹйл緢˵ٽңò˶ãҵȱɴԽɾλҲ
ֵһΣʧ֮С˷׷׶һкѱɢ˴űԶ
ڴʱʮ֮УӰ͵Ծ𡣼֮һ˫˫˴ʯͷı
ǹⲻȥ
һóʯ顱һˣǿѭӿڡԲԸգ漴óʯתһ̾Ϣ֮ˡ
̶¹ȥͷΨĿϡɡɫΣһ˵˷˵·ǣ顱һ£ٴеʯ
ĬĬףͷԸпοų̷ܵӿֽס¡ֵѴŸ·ʡȥ˲ֻԼΪԳ֮͡
֮һӾ˫ۣ߬ȭͷһ㵭Ĺâ۰кɫۼ׸֣漴ˡ֮ħ֮ס
һ˫ԡ˷ĥáǰһ֮⣬ǵǿǳ󡣶һ˿
澳вв٣ĥջ񣬹ϲֵѡ
һתһԡݵ֮УĲȹΪĿ䵭Ц˼־뵡⡣һʢװŮӣҪĽԶС
һüһƬ̣˵޵Ѿ粻ףӦлԵǡ
ﴹһ̾˵ָػǵϵǼ仰Իһ̧ۿһʵţɼԣǳԵĵ˭˲
һδ𣬶˼ص˵ͷ
ֵҪ岢޶£˭ܽΪأ䶮µĿ֮ȴ򡭡
˭ףȻ֪һߣмˣһ£˵£Գɣ
ֵѱƴ˼һ䣬ת˵ҽշƫڣȻӣ˵ţվЦɵⶣкˣκ֮С

ɾȥһ꣬һɴڷдţ²ֻܷ֮ҧǰ
һͰǰŸԣĬĬĿŰóΪķ˶ڴʱЩԿȥŤţǱⲻ˰̹¶⡣
ǰֶθǿڣгӿĲء
Ӵӿ¶Դ̶תšԾһЩбһԵĻӵ٩СѾͷб½ʦˣұ㱣ýѰ˼ңΡ
ɫһŷȴԶԣֻñǼһ˦һǰ۹ȥÿÿҪѰӵ鷳Դùͷ
ӵһЦ˵صʯ޲ǧ紸κһļӲСѾͷ֪ˣ˼ȡЦСеһȡ
һµ˵ѽ˼һб߶˳̵ȺأϴŶ
˵ֽһЦָԶʾСѾͷ˵ϹСóƨ·˴˵֮ͬ
ߺߵСһƲȴֵԲ˫ۿȥֻһ״ǸŮԶֻһ٣ǽŲմأ̤˲˱ܷϷԾ
һԪӤʿ£вӳӴżֺ˵СӽӶ׷ҵȲǰͷһΪ˵á
ŵξˣﴨ˵ӤԲһΪ䲻ȻȴͬСΪǿ󡭡ת񣬶Է޵СӵĽ֮ǿΪ޺
һת˵ɲСȣ䲻Թ֦֮⣬Ѱȥž˶ʱæ䶯
֮󣬳һֹסȥơǰ˴㵲ѡδʱ򣬻ԭȻ˾ͷǰ֮кɫĸɽѳһϿȣд׵Ũ̴пкȴһɽ£һھЪϢ
δɣһ˵ϿһɽݱܷơŰӲЪϢóһö˿ű㽫佻ͬ鴫ģӷ˵ҵӡʦֵͼʾ˴Ϊɾļڣ
Ͽȿʮɣ͸ܵ磬ԶһӰϡɼɽ·ЪϢĺõطӻܣתŰӺٺһЦóһöʾʦŵӵͼջᱻþһ
Űһ漴Ѱ˿ط²ٿʱԸóͼֻй˼ɡز˴˱˴ˡ
δСӵﻹһͼŲԶһӰԹҡͷЦϿȹ˵ڣҿ˷컯Ρ
ֻ봩ԽϿȣɵִǧУյܲѣɢ˸ǸЦһֻΪ񳯰Ϊϲ¥ƱƾǧԪ
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ĶԻڳĻǽס棬һɫûصΪĽϼسɣǡʱ
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ǲҴ⣬ɳ빫ͷǰУɢ뻨һ˶ſҵϿȵ

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һĪǧ꣬ôСߡԶ˵һ䣬תȻһЦǷ˵лͬЯ֮
һüͷʶһֻȴֹ꣬£ǰһץıϿȡ
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꣬ɢʧǰããķ֮С
״һȻֻ봩Ƕڣ뿪ɾǰȥηĪǱ򡭡
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ǡڴʱһ˺ϴһæͷȥɫ䡣쳣֮£ղĥвջڱѻޡڣȻ
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һʮ֮⣬޲ߵؿǰµ֮ʱƲɵȻϮʱմ𣬲ݺݾԶ
䲻ݻ֮ʣһ˫Ѫ֣ʱӿһɷȻûβ̶һʮɵħϿ衭
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827 Ŷ
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һԩұǰӣһҡͷʵû뵽ճ־ɢģȻŰӡǿºֳеĴûᡭ
ӵĴ֮УյģȴΪһĽ֣񷶥ˣһֻôʵʵŶ
·ȻӰֻд䴦µһԹâɣǹɾص綴ڣд֮ܡ֮⣬õľͷһʯţͬΪƷա
һ£ʯˡԪŨȴ˿ģŶ㿪Ҫ磬ȴֱĽ֮ڡ
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֪ΪΣһͷûһɾľԭ֮أڻ֮мӵĹǵŮԭԼǺķҽǡ
һ֮ңȴôˣϧһ仰δ˵꣬СһƲɷµؽѵιǿأۼ̬һԱ˫۲ᡣ
ӼͷһʣȥԹߣδлҵﴫ֮飬ļһ

֮󣬳ӵ˻Ѱ·ֻڴڼЪϢīվʯŵһɿ⣬Ρ
ҹɫ٣֮ڰ֮СһƬɴ˿ɼڵĵط
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һӾһóϽ«һھƣػ棬վв߶һֵӰ㵽ǰȵкоϣֻƾű´Խɾұ˾ֵܣϣ
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ӺЦݣֱ£ֲ֧˵ǰаСӣֻϧ˼Ҳ飡仨ˮ飬ͽκΡ
ᣬ͵ضţظݽۣԶԡЦֹ⡣
һһСȤԹ͡ת˲֮䣬ڱ㾲˵۹һϡ
һ²ֱͣʯǰͣһ˼īعæѵٽһ֮ڡ
״ӹ˲ִһǰɫɣζ˹ͬʱڳ˽һһľٶ
פʯŵһ֮⣬һ˫лͫŸ࣬ĳ߿Ө׵ʯȻһ壬էһʲôȴ΢΢£аƴС
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ͷ˵ֵܣ˵Կ޼ķɷ첻ղ֡īʲôæָ˵Ϸƽ˴ƣòɾ
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һΪת϶һаƴϿǿ顰һС࣬һŹֵġ껡֡ͻȻóڳ˽Կ˲ԣȴͲסվ˵һʦŵ֮
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828 ɾ
ȴûӰһ뻨Ӽī˸ʯšΪڼ˭ת֮ԭء
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һԽī֮˫лͫ˸һ٣㾶֮Уת˲ӼԷһתҪ棬ȴȲԭأŭ߳Сӣ㾹޳ܱɵĽȥ·غڡ
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һתɫɡʯֱ̨Լһɣʰ˽ǣңԴӵİ˷ϰǿĪƣȴֺΪǣΪһ壬Ϊ죡
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е߾ֵ֮һԣΪһԡӽסһߴЦţһ߽ǰƽ
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һԶΨһĹȿڣתǰɵ˫üǳ˴ðˣڶԪӤʿ⣬ȻʮλĸˣԼһΧ˽Ƭɽ֮ϡ
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829 
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ɽٸڵԪӤʿʮλƱ˵ĻͬԷǵ֮ΨһĹȿڣǳͨ裬ɼ˰ءвֻһˣէͻ裬ָΡ
Űӵ۹Թܣǰһ빫񲢼˵ŰӣһСˣƫԶ磡ʲⴳ˴֪ɾٵԵʣλԵıǽ˲֪Ȼ˵ţЦֵԵв֪Ѹγƺ
ǰǸԲ˻δһŻҰ׺ߺ߶һ䣬ʵȾԺηʵ
ԷŰӲɫ˵ΪƫԶ磬գ
ߺһâ˵˿ȼȷҺʿַĪɷˡ仰δ䣬ܱгЦ𡪡
δ˵˷⼸λԼĸˣǺǡ
ˣų˴
ߣ˭뿪Ȱ벽
٣Ǿǰˣɲˡ

ǸԲŻڵΪӦǴ˴Ϊߡذڰ֣һתмؿŰ˵жף걪ʮϢ֮ڣ˫ַбûܻ߳ȣ
ŰɫһǿʵҵĲ֪䣬ָΣ
걪ɵЦ־ܣҷ䣡
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ϡͿıΧȺڵǿУԾݵλʿ޾ţޱϥηѶ˻ǨŭˣûŻ֮ûյĶԹԹֻľʿͬ顭
λĸɽһȦ佫ͬеλԪӤС䣬Ī֮Уǻӻǰٱ䣬ǰԭίΪѵأҲбȥ˺δǽ˫ַϣνӴ˽ٰ
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һ۹ĬĬܵĶתͣɾӦ졢£ͬΪԶڡ򣬷Ǳ򣡴⣬ٸʿΪڵıߣѰ
Ǹŵ걪ܵʿΪ֮ݵλǰѵһĺֻյλԤϡ
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ͬʱɢˡŰӵλʿһƲɵƵ걪ˣ
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걪˵ΪռɣִټķžݵһǰƶԪӤʿԻҲȴûһ޿κΡ
ڴʱǰǸ뷢Ұ׵ߺȥʹһڻʿ⡣걪˲ݵˣŭɽӣɸ¡
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걪ȻæȵعȿڡԸԪӤʿ̱ȿڡһһʮ֮⡣ʮӰӹɽȡ
һ˸ԪӤڵʿһɱ֣ȴԭֳβȻĹˡȺ糱ˮȥʮλʿعȿڣݵơŰӵвһ
һ˲ö룬תϵʬɱˣȴǬͷһֵ̧һƻţʱ㽫ʬΪҽδһץһСɵɵС
Ǭ䣿ʿõĲǬ½纱Ǭ䡭
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ɢŰӼѰԲ֮ʣͷкһ˳ǰһϵĶѸȥ
ɽ֮Уһа˼ǰСʮ֮⣬ԪӤʿԲӰֻʮλʿԴ
ΣơŰӼ˾ɫأȴԼͬһڿ̣˾ǶԷʮ˵Ķ֣Ī˵·ˣĳ˵ġħӡпΪ


830 ɱ
ȵĹȿڣɶʮɸߣͬһխŷ졣ٽȿڵµϣ걪ɽӵʮλʿնء
һˣʱ׹˵ֵΣͷλǰ±صȫԸ
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һԪӤСͷ˹걪ɽӵ˲мһˣȴʹڹȿǰµϣ޵ֻǰ
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ӽСʯϣȣȴر͡ΪԳɽȣ𡣴аˣԱ³Ԥϡ
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һԱԨߣͷʵſЦ뵣ǣûӵҵġ׮롮
۵΢΢ҡҡͷż˵ǼС֮£Ȼʩչڵһʵô⣡
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걪һ漴ɢ˶ЦͽҽΣбɱҰȥ޳ܡӶ޿ɶ޿ɱܣֻСڳľ˽߷߽ӡ
ԸԳؼŭˣ걪Ļ󳩡ϷŪ֮ʱһ𡪡
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ݵ֮ʱԴԭص걪ͬϵĽһѳ롣ת˲֮䣬䡰ˡһ»Ѫмɲǣһէɽж쭡
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вҪֹȻˡסܻ˵ԱԪӤ𣬲ֻء͵ض»ӣæܡ
ڴʱһѪⶸȻڰըҺ죬ǧ֮顪һ죬쭺ŭ˷
Ѹ͵糱ƵһɡϢ֮䣬ѪȻʧȻĿɿڴӣһթٱħŮΪ˲һΪѣΪԼ裬ȻȻԪӤԱӴ˻ɢ
ңˣһɫһֻһϸ⻮նһֻı̴æץУ֮һϤɤҰ㣬߶ġ
ǻӣһﲻȻƱϾ룬תƿռݶȥһУ˴䲻ֻʣһˣֻܶ·ӣǿлţӵõ𡭡
֮꣬һâ֮ðӵӰϾؼɽŲֻʶһ΢΢Ц
һͣһҡΡشǿƴΪƣ̧ۿǸƱУƽʿȻΡΡɽֹʿշǵΡӣ쳣ƿնݷȻ޴Ρ˴ΪرκΡ
ӣҹԻ˿һٴζӡһŭ֮˫ֳŽǰ߾ȫ¡ʱǧâХȥ콣Ȼ·֮ˡ
顪һ󣬽ɢһ˳ȥֻ˺㲻ĵ
æ֮Уһ˽ӿһɫɷٴηǰ֮ħӡȻ¡
С½磬ȴЯͨǳı䲻޸ϵյǱԼӲмҡҡͷٿȻʧ
һɫ磬ƾˣأҪԸˣȴûӰһ˿ڣƿնȥԪ񲻳ɣħӡǸɱĸˣ
һ񱼣һâͻȻƿռϮ˲ѵ󡣴֮ʱȻɱ޴Ӷܡ
ûģҪһɱ
ΣͷһͷҲ׳һơ֮ɲǣһ
ǿīŵĽƲŽ󷨱ݣ㱻ɽ˷顣ǿʹӵȥһ١
òݻ֮һĶӡǿƶȻ콵˲Ϣ֣оͷɫ̶̻
һȥƳͣгâ˫üҷӰʱʮɳħ䡰ӡһ㡰ɷ׻𡱣̶Ȼһȭ֮ɲǣ೤ԴźɫħŲķŭɱ⣬Ȼӭ˾ͷԡ
䡪
Զײһ˲䣬ضĺУȻըȥһյɣѪħɷ׻ɱУȴȻһ
ͬʱħɢɷ׻ʧԻſƾնһץУԾùҷ׮һ½СЩãҪĥһߣȥԨ仰δ䣬ðŻ۵ŭ߳Ҽʱϻأɱҵӣģ
һʮͷһͷˤȥǱվˣĨȥǵѪ־ŭ̧ͷȥ֮⣬ŵԨӣŵܣȻס


834 һ
һӶ޴мܣҪΪǿԨһƺѿԼ³һ֮ʬ޴桭
˵ģΥڽ
ӳԨ˹֣˵С½磬֮գ⡭һ޴ӵһֳԶüͷŴ˵Ϥһʮˡʮ֮⣬ǧʿڿ֣һʱҿ
ŵλɣ˴˻֮ơĪ˵һԪӤСǵеʿѴѡڿ̣޷ǹغһ¡Ȼһ˳֣ȡ
ӵһǸƾɣֽˣ˵ˣҵȻǽСӴȥ£ԨȴһתЦҵֱıϣǸã
ӻһЦ͵ʦԲݴеıѰɾˣĪ˵죬ݺ⣬δ֪
λԣһæ̧ͷʾ£˵ǡǴеɾ¹ؽ˰˴ҵ죡ˣͷУס
λ˾˵Щʲô޴ӵ֪Уŵµ⣬ֻ֡һڰв̶ֻڵȴĶ˽١һԶջ۹⣬ĬĬеһƿ͸һ˿񣡴ᰳǹżãἰΪ֮á
СӣΪ̫شǿ̷Ѫ³֪ڳȰ裬հ˼ĪĳΡ
ɱоȴȻԺַֺϦֺ˼أһ˵ͷ˵δǴǿ׵Ϊʮ֮˾Żᱬش˿ڴתֵҲһһң͵еƿһζСĽɫѪҺǰӯתſȥһ߽븹ƶʱȫ
״еֹȴѰСĲ˰ԼָΡ
һѪһ̣ѽһ֮⣡ת˲֮䣬һųҵĻ½û֮ԵڶȻڡ˺ÿһÿһعÿһ缡ҶԳܵʹӿϮҺһڰһţȻŤŲͣ
顢顢顭ıУɫ촷ۣըѪһʱ˸Ѫˡ״漴ԶˣӺ˵޲ɣԱԪӤ
ų񣬲˵Сӷŷ̷쵤ҩǿΪ֮ף
ԨȻ漴ΪȻ˵һԪӤСˣ֮٣ΣѰ·ҵȱ˳ƶΪʹɫԷ˵СֻأΡ
룬͵һˣҲʧס
ЦؼһѷɽҪֵʱ򣬲ɵɫһͬʱͬǲȻ⡣ǡ
ͬʱʹһֱ³㲻һƣȴѪģ˲Ҳ̶áһͷڷ޷¶һգѪɫ⣡
꣬һͻȻս˫ȭͦţ¶ʱըѪͲס͵һ˻һһХ߿ǧ
״ŵλ˽Сƽʢ⽥һΪ˲ͬ
Ӳٳɣּ̧һֱǰֻСӣ˵һ˰ˣ
ڴʱһȻ̧ͷŭӣɡǧɵĳâڴɲǣѸ˽ɫף˵ȻڡڡڣֱڵԲΪķ֮䡭
顪һҷϮķɽһԴ󷢣͵һ㵵ӣʹĽɱ֮֮ݶԷܣУѸһȭ˹ȥ֮裬״ǡƲɵ
СӲηɽ׺˹Ӧ䣬ȴѰ⣬æתܣλֳҡһȭȻ
顪һ֮Уɨһ㣬ܲӵ˳ȥ
Ԩ󾪣ͬʱ֡ѲԪӤСһԲĸ֣
һȭش֮һǲġҪҪΪ˲ľͬնҪɱ˴ˣ
ۿſѪշһҪȥʹɱ֣ڶΪʿȫһƺᣬͻȻһΪһħȥ
䡪һӺһ벻⣬ֻ˶ݺݶ޴ӵӣ
һɱ죬ӾͣڰУݷȴһǿǯƣȻʹͨ޴ʩչȻɫ䣬λֳҡ
ߣҪɱˣ˭ȲˣһŭһħʱûӵӰֻ֮Ѫɣǽ֮˺˷顣ԷԪ϶ȥõβһء
Ϣ֮䣬٣ԪδѣԨһȴֻһõķ֮ϡ˴㵲ѣȴɫһ䣬æס֡
ħӰɢȥֳһ׵һɷƣһС˶ӵԪ񣬻ڲϳѣ
һбԨתӵԪҧгݵ˵ɱ˺ɱ֮˵Ԫ񣬱ע˴ʱ԰գ붼룬͵һ󣬶ʱԪĻǣű㽫֮ȥ꣬Ȼƺһ
ĵͬűɱԨɵôŭ漴ʹöͷһסңң˸񣬽˫˫һ
һǿΪȻ˴ɣܲסԪϷ㻹ܳŵʱԨŭ׳˾ſͬʱɽһأҪ߾ȫɱСӣȻսŻΪ
ɫ͵˷ŻԲΪһ֮ڣ֮ܲסԪֻ֮ת۱㽫϶ɣȴ飬һѷɽűɱ֮ƺȻϮȥ
һһˣľͷԣһһ㱣ڵ糱ˮһȥǿΪ֮ޡԼûŻ뿪˵أԷΪ棡пһԴУδҪս
תһƺȻǣٴڵΪԨķɽѵ˸ǰ̧ٳ˹ȥ
ֻ䡱һ죬͵ײһֻȻֿһҡԲˣɱ֮ŨԨȴǵʮɲֹסΣŵŭƾطΪһ
ͨɢ޿ӵطȻڴ˴һóһɭȻ˵ӣĪҵǾ仰δ䣬ƾʮɣٴһ
˴ν֣һվδ⡣ķɽǿϮ֮£ֱֱ˳ȥ׾ΪԪӤִӽ𵤡һ·ʧ֮ѪǾϣ֫Ƥ¼顣ͬʱһһƿնȻȻؼħӡ˾ͷɵķ
һɫڰ£ͷըм䲻ݷ֮ʣһ϶Ϊһ߾һ˿ǰȥԨϰݣ׷ᣡ
һδڰȥΣ㵽ѲܣмܣֻαɱɶٵһɲǣһɫӰͻȻǿеһ
䡪һУϮһԽסȴҧػ׹漴ɢһڱ˹ȥ
ģⲻʲôҪǸߴĽɫӰһʵȴǲһеץ²ʡһĿ㵵ԨϵһӱһлȻһɫѷ죬գۼӰʧ


835 
һɽŵڣȴֻԶɽϴŵһɸߵľʯС족ӵĴ֣
ɽ£λ⣬Ӱȴɫ֣أ̧ͷԽ족ʯϿȥǵɽʣԼɼµ¥̨󣬸ϼ䣬󲻷
λ߽Ϊ뷢Ұ׵ģֻǸͷвͬŻɫۣݵŵһϮɫʵģǷŵԨڴ˴˰ʱǵȲһӰ
ͷһۣͷһ㷲ңԶİкһ޴Բ̣ɽݺᣬεΪ׳ۣǱ˵ǣ
ǰǸһֱǡ⣬дСĴ
ԨڵƬطǵĺ塣ϵĺţƿ򡣲˴ӺǸΪһȴþòټֻȥзֺԹԣ
Ԩİʾתһ̧ۿȥǿ龧ʯǰһ۵ӡŶʮͣһĨףòʶѭɽϵʯưŵȺĵ˵лתʦɣ
ԨŽּæڷѣ»뵱źãͷΪһԵŵͷЦ
˵Ľǰͣ˽Ųһ˿ͷ˵ĳ˻˵飡ʦͣϾټˡȼȻִˣʧ㣡԰գһ˦תҪȥ
״ǰһ̧˵ڷѣˡҶ״ֻش󡭡Ԩɫ˼£˵鼱ʧ̬Ҫ黳
ڷӽ³Ƭ̣Ų鲻Ըת۹ƳԶ˵ʦ֪ɾ֮䣡Žץɣֺԡ
ɫ࣬ǷǷӣǸ˵ְڣҵԲиֻǻᱦ֮˷ǱѰҡ䲻Ψŵ֪Ա㶨ᣡ
Ԩͷʦſѣ˭㲻ɣͷǲޣʵʵһö򣬷˵ҵѽǰԭίӡС
ڷ۹ӹˣֽ̧ӹ꣬ü˼Ƭ̣˵һὫתʦ֪˻ɽ䳤ڣ˲ԭزӰ
Ԩͷǣ֮ĬĬȥֱʮ֮⣬շͽһɽ塣һִǲ˴ԵͷȻѡ

ϵһٷͤڣһϯ֮ϣλϥһɫ󣬳üʹ鳤˵ʷ·죬Ϥɾ䣬Ѱʸף֪нҡ
˵ٵģǳɫۣ̬ƽͣΨһ˫ӾԷֺǺһЦƽ˵Ϊڣȴ߶ӵйǣ֮顭Цһգһת̾˵Ұ˼ͬˣκ;ңԶһ˴˼Իͨޣֻɽ߸ϡ
һλɫ۵ߣ񳣬ƮȻһֱŲǡڴʱҡͷЦЦһԵĵ˵ӵѣɾĪ⣬ͻȻѰеıվǴŰˣΪŰ
һ˿գεؿӣ˵ڵı¹Զм١һ٣˫һ̯żʹļ׵ģֵѴ˾٣Ī˰Ψ⣬ſԳΪˣȻһнȻδ˵꣬վ󲽳ͤ
ͣɫؾ˵Ҿ˵ѽյⷬԣ
һתʵָ䡭
鳤룬Ц˵ͷ
һǺЦȻˣұлˣϾٻأǣ֣ηҡֱת˲ûӰ
ĬȻƬ̣ȥ֮꣬ǰǸڷڲԶֳΣһתֵͤһö򣬷˵ʦǰ飡λ
顭ֽӹ۹ӹԶȻ˵ҲţټΡ
ڷ˼ʦ۹⿴ܡɽ嶸ͣͤգƮ죬ѱߵĻ㱣
񣡡ʾ£򡣵ӴڷǷл󣬱һԡֽ֮֮ﶪϯϣ벻ɫ
״ڷüͷһ壬̽ʵˣʦϢŭѰȥ
ں򣬻û˸ƭϷ򣡡Ӻҡҡͷ˵ţٱʧ֮һ½ϣҲȤ
ڷв⣬ʵ⴫е½磬ȻĴڣ
Ǻǣع޼Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ô˿ϾΪʦ˵һ£ֵΪʦ֪ڵ򣬻ѷ½磬Ͻ硭
˴ֳδɫĵӣ˵ҵԭֻĪһЩʣ֮֡
һӽ˵һ졢ľᡢơĺաˮ˽ڡ졢졢áޣΪߴ򣬲֮ϡҵȲ࿹ȴԵɶ⡣֮⣬һĪϽ磬ȴֻڴ֮Уꡭ
Ͻ磿Ҫ֮ϣڷ漴ִЩĲƽ˵ϽƮĪ⣬Ҳգߴȴǿѹҽڰ˴꣡ұˣԵβΪǿһͷأʦ˼ңֻϲ¥¡
Ӱȴʧḡ־ɼΣ˵ϯϵ򣬲˵֮Ըǲ룿Ϊĺĸ;˴
ڷȻ˵紫Ѿõ׮ȻΪ棿ʦ֪µԭί
Ϊ棬Ϊ١Ӳÿɷһ䣬ֵй׮ĴԣȴԽ⣬Ϊҽʿ֪ء֮нŷѰȴԿľղ֮
΢΢ҡҡͷӼ˵ڵȿ֮ʱýʿӵ˭˵ûڰпأǰӵ⣬ǳ׼
ֻѰɵõɾһɴ˴ΪڷסӹʦĻ
оһ˵ΪʦǺԲΪȴؽƶԴʿȴԶĹȻ쾳硭
쾳羿Σڷʵ
ӳ£һ˿Īܴ쾳繲ΪĲ㣬ֱָˡɡɾΪ
ľ֮أһڷʡ
£Ȼʧ˵Ϊʦ޴ӵ֪
ڷԼã˼ƽϣ˵ΣܷŹǸ½һ˵ϣһԵ򣬽˵ɾر֮ǰʷʿȥδ̫ľһԪӤСȻɱ˻걪ӣԨĺΧ֮£˾䲻ʵš
Ӵһ۴ڷ磬˵ͷӵ˼룬ԼıϡƬ̣˵Ȼýй¶ȥԷ붯ʣԸΪʦͨ򣬼Ǻϸꡢǧ꣬ҪѰǸһ䣡
ڷ粻ҵæֳǣ漴תȥ
ֻ³Σý֪


836 թʬ
裬ŭš

һҹգʱŰеɽ磡ɽ¡ȵ֮䣬Ѷѻɫɫʬ֫۵ĵǹѪˮ㼯ɵСϪˮĳˢԶ
ǡڴʱһӰ顱һʬ֮С֮ɲǣٴҹɫ֮У
պ峿ʱ֣ͣЪžɽȴѪŨҵһĿȻ﷽Բ֮䣬ǹб壬ʬ£һɱ¾սڡ
һʱɫɽȵȴӿɢӰȺЯǹͷ˫ִ󳵣ʬɽѪ
֨ѽ֨ѽ
ųŢɽ·Ķɽºðĸӡһಲ̻أĸߴ󣬸Ŵ󸫻߸ֵٲȻǱʿװ硣
һ˾ûɵģֻ۹͸żɱŴ󳵣µǰͷ
Ϊ׵Ǹ״󺺣ɶĸͷʮҵͣһͷҷԺƤǺɫѪգһ߳Ŀɽ׳ȴ˺˵ĵۡͭɫķϻһ˫ۣסڱصʬҳš
λģǸʮĶӣͬ׳ȴعһƲʺѪ̴档ƻ벻⣬ĵػӶеһѴŻڵĸֵҰһ۹Ѳܡ
µӣͬΪʮͷˣУקŴ󳵣ڷѳͷһƤ뼸ӡ룬ɫȴǴһ˿ãȻضܵϵѪǽ壬ֻһ̫Ŀġ
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󲽴ɽ£״һڣȻĹˡɽӿӰ࣬תŭյģ󳵶ק᲻ǡԵһλסһЦĺص٩һţʺһѣԱ˵ӣǶƵġ
ĺӲҵæ˼ɽ¡һֱĸֵЩ޵˵Ҵ˾꣬㣬ǣմѪˡһЩɵ̧ͷһۣȴǸ͵粻Сҵȡ
ӾͺΣʪ˿ɲſһˣȴŵ׼û׬յĺӶЦδֹԵ״һɣġ쵰зƨĹ򣬻ЩȥѰҡӡʬףֳɤӳ˷ԸٽͷߣȻֱһѻˡ
쵰ĺӦһѵͬ飬߳Ҵͷвߣӵȭˡ
ǰɶѵʬУѰšţʱ̾Ϣ
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ͷıͷڸɱֵһСС鳤֮ǰ»ֵܣֱǺ˾ꡢţʤνġ㡱ţʺ쵰롰ӡžоĴºţ䱾˱㱻ͬųΪͷֻΪ˳ڰˣ
ڸɣ˹жԵģǳɣԹѾã߾ս²ϡֵ˴Ľļڣȼ֪Ҫ
ǰͻս˫ݲձֱգսͷһǰʬ֮⣬Ѱǳսȥֵܡ
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һʱ֮󣬺ֻѰһƵƣȴδѰӵʬסͷ̾˿ֻգദһֵܣôûˣﻹӣԺָι
Ӧ͵ʱ֣˾ţʤһʮʬ֮󣬱ҪɽͷȴǳԶüͷɽȵļһ࣬շɳӰֵһƵĻ⡣Щδüʬף֮һգŨҵĶƮʹúܶʿǶܲ
ģЩйʱ򣡡״ͷһڣæɽ£뼸ֵܷԸѰʬõģһһ
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ֹȥ˰ʱɽʬȻ޴棬ֻвݵѪŢɣţþǻȥ
ϴקŴɽһƬݵأϵļʬһһõӡ˾ץһʬʱ򣬺˵գ֫ӲŶ԰λֵֽܵűһŹ֡˵ţţʤʾ¡ԷİӺδֻĬĬ˵ͷ
Զϴߵ˽ǰֹסˣ˵ϸơŹΪȻ˵û͸ܻ겻ɡ
ţʤ£˵˵ղ֪ͷߡпɻ꣬ˡߡֻء̧ͷ˺һۣססӡԷЦһСӸˣ㻹ơ
죡ͷһɣ漴ֲͷغһ£תеʬ
һӣʪĳסӡ˵Ѳ֪ȥ˺δ³㡣ĸͷѰıʿҪݰֻ࣬֫Ƥ˲Ҳ̶á
ʬļֳһ㵭ɫ鲼ȫĴѪɢ⣬ؿڻǶһָ״СĽƬ졣
ͷץʬֱۻһΣɵɫ΢㵡˾˵ʬ䣬֫ȴӲתǿƬȴһȥ˵Ŀڲؽ𣡵Ǳֵܡף
ڳ˽ڶźĶֻ侪һֻ֣ȴȻ۲Ƭӣ
ģ˶ˣ᲻֮ƣɫסһֳ̧ĳ˵λֵܣʬǮ
ţʤ˾겻Ҷ£˺һ֡ϴ£˵еִ磬ĪҪλֵܵӣ⼸˿սʬʱ˳մѰ֮£Ϊ档
ں˵˵ϱ㲻õĵطתĵһ⣬ٿȻʬؿڵǿƬ
Rॡ
һ꽻Уֵͭǽ֮Ȼ𡣺ﲻѡǹ룿˵һƤġô
ֵ֮ʱһ΢ӴϴŵýԵţʤ˾͵ֹסթʬ


837 ߹ؾӪ
һƤͷֵ֮ܵеẉ̂ԼҲӣŶѷŵǴȫҵ
һһˡͷΪ鳤δüϱֽȥԭֻΪ˶Ǹİֵܡ
ԭӵĵϣλֵܣһ֮û˶ǻѡ
һϢд棬Ǳɳͷ˻˴ϰˣµ˴һƲ
ӪвûУȴû˹˵˲εıʿλѵ͹ȥյ³Ǳֱȥڿ
Ϊˣͷмƽϡ
ͷ磡ǱϹ׷ֻ²һ֮󣬺泯ϣһλ˵ļͷԷ˫ĿȻһͷڷأڵŰգϻðһȦŨܵĺ硣ֺٺֵģէһ˲࣬˭뵽㻹أһĿڲؽֶκҪá
˾긽͵λֵתӣ
ţʤǴӻͳһҰӷڵϣ˵ֵ鳤ķԸǣ磬ҳҰɽӡϺδȴһȭĲ죡ʱûɶܺùսϰӣ
ͷЯĴһԣ֮һƨڵϡץɽӾ漴޵һ˳ˣģѿţʤ˾귢һЦ
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λֵͷȻɵΪ֮ɫһ߹ս³Խʱ򣬽¶֣ǹ롢ɢΣʵ˲ף
ϸ£꼾ȥ˵Ըλֵܶϼգ׷ͷһ˹ȥʾ˵ӲأԾһʱһʱģʲô͵һĴԴ˵ȥѰҪζҩ˳Ϊӡֵܸ١
һתĹͷ˳ȥ
ʮɽϣľդܣǧһ޼ʣдչ
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ͷһתȻ漴Ц̧Ĩ˰Ѻϵˮ˦˵Ǹ쵰ҽӡ
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ڸɣľУΪٵĹֻΪо֮áʿ˴˼以ΪɵԼ׳֮½ԲսɱЩνɳڸԵľеλ磬Ϊɵ

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ģ˾ˣһ۾ܿӡαɣͷͷһæһűȭ˵µıֻ򻼲ų˯ѡ
ɳͷغһǻӱһץŵġӡҷкɳһӣ˫ĿգӹͷҶٷ⽫٣ʵǶӪеı
⽫ٰ⣬Ӫˮıһһǵã۹һƳԵҶٷ򳤻⣬æǺЦм٣˿ɲԡԡ
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ΪѰֺķɳɤͻȻ߿ˡеǸ׺ݺݵ˵Īֱɳ顭
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佫ٳԲһæ׷Ҷٷ򳤵ɫųָͷյҴ̧ߡ
ͷˣæ̧ӣɰ
ģɳȻ㻹Ӷ졭Ҷٷ򳤺üĿֱ̧Ҫˡͷһȭģǿֻճ֮ǰתٵñ㽫̧ɽˣȻĪһ㣡
һڣҶٷŭȥͷδĨһϵĺˮͨһ˵ϣס̾꼾ȥʵȰ
һֵ˹ͷԵ˽һɵġӡִͷԣ˵˲Ŀڲؽͷϻб²Բȴ˯ѣʵΰĪҵȾȴˡ
ǡ쵰ͷһ䣬ֲ֣ص˵ӡʬĵطΪҾһڣɱ˴һǽûԴҪҵȡ
ɫ΢䣬æһԵţʤ˾ǡͨУնĵ
ͷֳص˵ٷ򳤵ֱ棬ҵ಻ܲʶô˵ţתŲġӡεֵӡֵܣ御ˣ㽫ɽ
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ͷһ䣬һ͵һԵλֵѭȥԾ治ѡ
ֻǳ˯֮ˣڴʱ˫ۣ鼫죬ڸɵĿ
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ͬʱţʤ˾겻ҵһٵֻ֡ҪԷвԣ̱ᵶ
һ̣ʪƵڣϢĸɱĴ󺺣ֻǵһƳֻ˫ۡ
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˸Է±Χһؿ˯»ûˡԷ״Ųֻһ˫۾ھܡ
˵һ˵һӪֵܣͷ͹ȥͷӹݹչޣֳţʤ˾ԸԱιʳЩˮ
ŵ˰абһҵϣ̧Լաһ糤ĺʱ¡ˮ޵ߣҡͷܾɫͳ˵˶ˣ
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ͷеˮޣסץ꣬һĴ˵ˣǡӡѰٷȥδȥȴһˤס׿ȥԼĽӱǸһץסһ㣬һʱ޴
ģôͷһɿ֣۹дһ˿Ǹ⣬˵飡಻ǹٽӽɽ٣
ͷת˵󲡳Բٵ󣬻ѰϹٵԭίǻ֮Ǻģ϶ԷлˣѰЩʳ
״ֵĸɫһͷʹ˵ܳܺȱãšӡ˵ȥȥء˵ţɵس񡣶ԷȴǳŽǰҡҡͷ漴ر˫вաҽһˣҶЪϢһ


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İ֮꣬ʣһΪʧһĽˣû˶ΪԼ۶˼˸֮飬ָα𣡻Ǹ龫ֵŮӣ񣬾ȻôȻȻ
˼֮һӻججаȻûʶӣǷӵ쳣ʹƤļϣѵĽ۵Ľǣһ˿Īǣ½
˵شܵʹһͷڴԼ˯һ˿Ϊصε
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ǱߵֻԴɷһâΨ𻵻ʧѱԼղԺɾ֮ûóù
һССʿǿԼͷϵâ֮мسΪǲ֪νĪˣδ֮ǰӪ֮вʧΪһ֮սĵطǷں򡭡
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ӣĪҪǿս飡
ͷһӣһ񡭡

Ϊ鳤ͷѰҶٷ˸飬Էӡ㲻׷ЪϢաһδӽɽδӪսǶһ
ͷֵܳʱһضԣеʱ򣬡Ұģ
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֮Уͬʮ˹롣Լӳһ֮⣬ޡﴨ䲻һӣûУǵһϤ̾ϢаԹȻĪңҰ㣬߶ġ
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ԨǶ񻢵ֻҪҲͷһ仰˵¶û꣡
һʰ˿ѥӣĴ˼¡תҪǡڴʱһͻȻԶ֮һ𡪡
뱾ɳվס


840 д
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һɫֶѥӲڽ£ȭ˵ϹգŵӪˣɳ죡ڸɵķ˵˳ڡ
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ͷ£ֿ˿ƫбͷһѭɽ·Сǵ˵ȥӦþǰɽ
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״һˮɳл¼֮˲ֻءԭˣ䷽˵Ѳ²⣬һ޵ɣΪ߲ԪӤȴ˵޼ɵɣЩʿ֮󣬻ҪЩʿļūۡʹ
ͨһ£һص졣ת֮䣬ʮѽ﷽Բĵһ飬Ѱһ⼣߰ߵı
ӣԪɳæǰϸһ˫̰Ĺâ̧ܻ꣬һӡһͭ顱ը֮䡣Թƽתһŭ˴ı
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˴Ϊɽ裬޷ȣ⣬һšؿڴһɫڻ谵ɽΪĿʱԪɳ⡣
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۴С˴û˸һһ磡һᣬͷ˵˵λɳ䲻λʦΪҪ鼸գϾЩ˼֮⣬кãߡй˼ɣĻС
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ת֮䣬ǧ嵽һǰİԶǧ׳ֱԼͬеԲڴһɲǣڸһ죬䣬бľܡǹһȡ
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һԲľһΪ롭

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ߡǡڴʱͷ͵شһһԵᣬͬʱɽ³ȥ


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ͷ˫ĿԲͷҲصŭȵû˶Ϻ˭ˣٲ񲻰ˡеĴ󸫣Գͷߴ͵Ļһأٶܣ׺쳣
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ͷ֮ʱһը漴һ˻ǵĵ֮һͷ˳ȥһëŵſڵϲ֪룬ȴǿԭίһʯͷ­ܾԾʿ⧲ŵƫ
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һպ۳֮䣬ֻ»ΪԸв֪Ǹ֮У̤յĸˣһͻȻ˵ңԶµԼһˣһݵͼı߹رʿ
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һƣҡͷ˵ҵͷġδ˵꣬ɫһ䡣¡¡֮Уɽ֮ͻȻдʯ׹䡣˾ſӱеϮ


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һʺĹ˾øʬ޴档˵޳ıʲôͷ̾һһӣԸӰɡʱҪͷȥһɫأϵС
ȻϮڸɵǧ֮ȥɽĳɣûɱЩٺĺӾʧɫɽխ·Ϊɽʯ裬Ƭ̣ͷʮ˱ӵ¶ԭءŭ˻ӵһʱ֮Ҳ
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յİʱ֣ٵԵһԺӡ
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ŰϮˣһ׿ȥǽŮӵԣײӺǲ죬裬ԵηЦ
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һŮ˴˰֮ʣɣضĲԺڵ̨סĳԳһ仰ɵûһƳڵļݳ˻ڿŽѾӣڵؿԺ֮⡭
һҹȥĲ˳˿ͷԺڡһ׺ڳǰֶֻ˼̳ӣϻɢһʳĹͷ
ףѷԸվĹƣľʳ÷СּһײԵĲ룬ҵĪһˡԷصͷΪȻظ͵Сִ򡭡
̬һŮһȻһЦ˵ѶûУŲòڳϴһޣ㲻ҵľʳΪˣǺǡЦδֹһƴһ˹˵λˣһԡõĴʦͻ֢ʱλ·СƫԾʳл
ƳĴʦεõļ֢һǡ·֪ʵ顣лƵⷬ÷ƿԡ
һ˳վһԻɣ驶÷ڳǰŪ飬ȴ̳Ӽû˵طֱҪ֮ȴ֪һ̳Ҫʮӡ޺ֻ֮÷سᣬȴԱΪɽѾͷ˳
һΪСѾͷһ̳ɣ驶С۹ȴǰȻĿ϶ûһԡ
һ˽ɽ֮Уɽ嶸ͣǰ󲻼Ӱֻгꤰ졭
λС磡ҽɣضءһƲȴ̬ͲסįСѾͷʵ
žһվ̳ڵѡŵöŭӣһɵ֣ЩתԡɣضʮģüۿΣһ̬ȴżִ˵ģ
Ǻǣ֡һһЦ
ɣ驶ֵС磬һε֣ĪǼûˡ
еѲڣε֡һ£ҡҡͷСѾͷ˵ˣЩ˼ģ̻Ȯֺγε֡˵кβأ
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һ΢㵣漴Ц˵һһ
ǷأһӣΪ˻ţΪԼţȻ㾽ȣβΪԼһѽɣ驶Сֳһ˿ŭŭ䲻䲻ңĪڴˣ
һ侹ȻһʮСѾͷһҰҰ죬һʱԶԡΪ˭ţΪˣЩ֪˺ιһһȥΪԼԵο꣬һֱ˷ˣ
һЦʵ˵ָأ
ɣضʱ˵ȥǱǻԵڰ㳵ʽԺźҼҽ㣬ʳǣþϽ裬ԺҽԸٻ󡭡
ĬĬɣ驶һϵЦȥ£תǰƳɲСѾͷϧ˵ʧעһ¿ꡭ
һüһ˼꣬ɫһչЦ֪ȻȻҲ
⻰ŷѽѽɣ驶ЩãȻ漴Ǹ֮˰һۣһ˿Թ˵ԸҲã
ףɣ驶ŻǸСѾͷȴת۱Թһ㵣ƽϣȴ͵ʰһקʱͣ
ͬʱǰ·һλ׵ĺӣֳֵָڳŲŭĸҴӣǵ졭
ͬһæסȥ꣬˱˴˻˸񣬸ԲΪȻؼЦ·֮˾վаǸȻǱˣ
ϡһѳĸֵʮЦ飬֪Źٲ³ǰŹϷȴ¹ʶһ¶ֶΣźһĻ͵س˳ȥҵļв󣬸Դ߶
ս֮ϣһﻢɵʮս֮ʿһͬǸӣҪûɱ˶֣
˫಻һʮɣ˵˲Ϣڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣ·ĺӹһЦתһɽͻȻһ֮죬ͷȻء⧲֮£˺ݺ˦˳ȥͨһ½ˤ˵ϡ
ϣˤòҰ˽أͷѪûȥȥôǱ뺷֮Ǳŷֲֶδ͵ϮǶһԵɽУһǱڴ˵ľЦ
һűӣһŸֵ۵ᶼ˳λͬβ࣬˰ͷѴ˸վ˻ֹأԾδ
ʮĴϣһɫɡһԵɣضСɷףɪɪΧɵĳڣŮ͸ɴһУ˫˫ѡ
ضĹٲһŭ԰գסѪһڡ
˲ΪȻЦǺǣصĲԶΣӣһʬ𼣣Żˡ
һŭɶֵ˶֣ҧгݵƾˣŻʬ𼣣һһиԲ˰ϵѪɱڵظ˹ȥ
ӼƲǵͷܡ˲ų˴ϰݣ̧ż׷ת˲֮䣬ǰʧǵɽ֮СֻµһͷԭصĻгŮӼһ
÷Ѷ߶˳⣬ǰȴһ·Ӱڴһ˼һʱãȻ޴룬Ŀڽ˵硢Ϲǳ⣬ҵȸǺáæشߴٵ״ϻмʶΪӰ
˴Ƨ³ͻȻҵŮأԸϹټתĻﴫһ̾
޼ƿʩ÷ԭתȦӣɫһ䣬˵СӣȥδԷŤ֫׷ȥ˫ڵֹ
ϵɣ驶ԣ̧۹С羹ڴʱȥѩϼ˪
һɽȴ뻹·˵һץס÷ı۰򡣶Էʧɫȴã
ҴӲŮˣһ֦һ÷ץһԡԷͷһٴСӸҶһָͷ
һɿŮӵı۰һָ
÷ŵˣƵؼеء
һָһ£Ų׽˵ɱŮˣһ˫ּǰ
÷ǳˣ˿ҵıˡȹֱţؽСӣ׵ĶɱŮˣҶһָͷϹٱһ㡭
һ²ͣȴͷҲص˵ʹһʱȴΪԼһת֮ʣԼͻȻӿ죬ٿȻɽвӰ


849 ֮
խɽֻ˶ʮɳ䣬ǰոΪȺɽһСƬɽءգۼĹһ㵽˽ǰȴͣµפ
ʮ֮⣬ްһ𣬱˴ɫšеֱϡϻԲһʸ۵ֱ飬ȴҷеĸֵ
ɽصܣվˡĸǾ˳ֵžλŻɫۣǷ׵ĵʿװ磬ȴһֳֽһ־ŷֽװģ
βѲ²⣬мƺδűԷΧײĵʿ֪ʲôͷˣηʿ
һʱȻ˶еĵ˫Ǹ֪ĳ֣δᡣԷǸΪ׵ľȴǻͷһƳ漴һʹɫһʿȻ׳еķֽ߳ȣˣ
һƾն𣬡һ³һΪˡ
֮˴˼ȲʶַǾԹô׵ɱ֣˱ΪĲһƣǳҵĻ沢˲ٿأǡˡһٿûǽһСݵսˡ
ԶĲ˼״԰ľɼҵķ˳裬ڲмƵʱȥûתۼǽڽˣϳСӾȻ治ɫǸ֪Ķ
޹ǵʿɫÿλͬǮ˼ҵʳͣƽЩұһֻǰſճΪؼҵĹʱһСӶɱˣδ棿룬һ˹ȥ˳ƴ̳еĳҪɱһɱڵı֮ˣ
Ƿ׼ķ֮۸ЧԸԼãһ۹תǸˣһƲĪҪΪ۱ǸӲ˾޵֮ˣ⵽˸ǰ㲻ܣһã̧ű˳ȥ
顪һǵʿֱֱɳȥʮɣǡͨһˤڵϷ˸û˶һȴϾԭأǳ֣ɵ˸ĵ˵ǣ£ȴõҵгҵ򡭡
˾ڳĿɿڴŵλʿ֮ͨˣڱСôһˣһСӣ㱾£
״֮ʣȴЩС˫ѥӶûУ˵ıȴСС
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һ۹бͷɱӿʻ֮˲мһˣһ֮д˳ȥ裬ʿͷءŽʸеľһըмܣ˲ѵѪ֮С
գ۵ĹͥŲ֮䣬ɱˡˣ׻һ㣬롢ԭأ˫սսеĸֵһѳֲסRॡ˵ϣƵƤ亹ֱﻹǸµСӣǸ˹ʬɽѪɷֶΣ˫ɱ˾ֻͣŹġ
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ޣһһڣȫȻû֮ǰϳʱ͡üһ˫ˣŲſȥɳٺҷ
ŷˣˡݺݳԼһǶ⣬ϵĿˣ۵죬ȴ˲࣬æͷ˵ǰִϢŭ֪ڴһ̣һԱȭġ
һһ˵ǰȲ䣡Ҵ磿ҪٵġԷãȻһһԣɵطԸһʱڽ˴ˣһ̣Ϊʬ
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һҽгϵļʸ˴Ҵҹ£һȳһհŲæµһڲԶţкĪѹʬϵǮ
ʱȥʬĲ˽ԻӺ꣬ȴиһȥһĵѥӣݻʡǰģ̫ᣬֹۿ˵͡һ٣ͷҲ̧˵վס
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һŭȣ÷ŵæֹס˽ŲԾ㵲⡣ԶĲɫֻͷ󺹣ͬæĪĹȴڴʱ׵سٲȥִ򡭡
Ϲǡ÷˿ڿڴһĻȻ¥Ů첻µز£ֻ´ĹټҰɣæһ˿ԹӦеūˡҴת֮ʣŮӻһԵһһۣȴͷԹ޺ţûĵˣĨ㲻ʡ
һ÷߳ɽŮв뿪󳵵˵ԡתȴ鲻죬ӭʵϹȥ˺δĪ˱ʣ
÷ɫ粻е˿ѱ˺ˣȴкݺݾͣԹ˵λϹٰȻˣء˴ŮһǼһ§°뱲ӿɶָˣҪֵþϵĻģʳǰ
δ𻰣ɣضѳ÷ԡ信εСϴֺõЦ⣬˵ء
÷ͷ˵ѾͷƬͻС
гһաɣض磬ڻŮӿΪ׽֮ˣ΢΢һ̾ȴĪ˵֪ȻȻҲ
ɣضգ˫ۣ˵㣡ĻŶ죬ν⡭
תһЦ˵ǸϳСԣһðˣ
÷ѻָ˾̬ԹߣСӣͷٹһ򣬱
ҡҡͷȴķ˵⣬СԲ޵
һʱȥŮֻڴǰȴ
ֹСʱǵɽ̳ĸӰһĵ˱˫ǰȽݡŨü絶䣬ɫ͸ĪȻŲˣǱȴС


850 Լ
ǵ˵ģʱɣضһһµĳȻǰˣǻţ֮ǰ⣬ֻԵʽУ
кãǴѪһȳһա
״÷һת»ŤӭǰȥԹϹ١ūҵȵĽء
һֱǰĶһ޷ԸŰ˿÷λͬߵԣóˮ͹֮󣬼ȡҩü
Ȼ䣬÷ԾȤԹ۹ⲻɵһϡС˵ڳǰƣɣضȴŮվһԣʱܻسǰȥСӣϣǸĲģȥźλϹ٣ȻĲ㡭
Ůӽһ¥ʹˣ
ᡱһһеľ̳°ڳǰϥ³һھ÷бһۣЦӿڳ˵㽫Ϊ˶ڣô±Ǽʱ򡭡仰ɣȴֹŶŭ
ʶĳһԵԲȻһµˣԸʼϲŭɫˣ˵ÿ仰⡣˵ȷȣЩ޼߹ʿ಻ضðŮӳ¥ʶڴˣܿһĲͬסȴ飬ڽһСӵҿΡ
룡һ䡣
ɫǰ綼ʲãָγƺһ˵ֵ֡кηԸ
һԶϹ٣Ȼһµĳƴӣ÷Щɣضɻɽ󾿾ʲôȻһ˵
ŮŴοڳҲ֪죡
һȴǡײһĵһƳĮȻ۹͸ɱвɵϡͷһæ׳ǣתһץľ÷ŭǣ첻Ϸߡųڣֱ̧ȥ
žһֵ࣬밤ģһԵѾͷһ㶡
ϸ۵Ƥʱˮˮӯ׹÷ȴ޺ţδԴŲ롣ûĵģΪδҡ
ĵ˶޻Сģ˰ȡξ̢ϧסͷһϳ
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Ҫͷһ£ٲҶ룬ݺݻӳȥ˰ǻǣ㲻ʹ죡Ӳ㺦ʱ䣬žžĶɱļ쳹ɽþò
²ؼ߸߹𣬲Զļдżֽתȥƶһв⣡ɣضŵһ𣬾Իʧɫȴ޿κΡŮӿȻȴǸʹ
Ƭ֮÷һͷ״Ѫˮǰʮݡ̱ڵϣȻ˹ȥ»ʪһƬ򼣡һԣЩ޴˵ֵ֪֡кηԸ
һԶջ۹⣬ζһЦ˵ҵŮˣԵ̣ܽԷԾнֱΪȻͷְڰ˵̧Ůϱǣˡ

һ·չȥ
һǸȴྶͥһкþƣ˯ʱϷңʱ̶ɵЦݡ
˿⣬ʧ⣡÷źδڳסʱ羪һֻҪĳԿŵýе޲ֹһ֮ŮһµĲֹǴĹٲг˫ŵĳЩˣ
⣬ɣضη֮󣬽
ԾŹⲻȥ͵͵ֺ÷ŮӲǰӣǸӹ˳ˣԶ˵ģöԷ֮ж԰Ρһ˵Ĺ֪ݳֱ￤
ǰ￤ĵؽǰȥˡ
һе̾Ϣһž̳ͷȥɣضڳǰȴɫеһ˿ҡ
һ̧ͷ˿ɫʱ֡˵ֻ뵽￤ȱظˡ
ɣضĿбӣһС˵ȻҲ
һɫ䣬ʵԼã
ɣضָʹϹŹҸһŮӣǵ񹲷ߣͲշֵ𡭡
һüһ˵Ǻôһ֪Ŵô˵³
ɣض͵תдʵ˵һˣֲȥ⣬ԵξĽ۲أҵһڷԣȴ𱨣йƻϹٶִˣʵҽó䡭
һʮСѾͷǲ򵥣һҡҡͷĿԶ˵ˣݵĹ֪ͬƽȡδ˵꣬ɣ驶мذһۣ˳ţͬأôǳԵĵҶ㣡ߡ
ôһףһȻ뵱Լ뵱ȻΪմմԵáͷǡǰ˾
Ƭ̣һڵУ˳ţ߱¡޷Ǳˣ޷ǣƫȫ̫ңʧȥ˱Աңͷ˭֪Ϊζš
ǰɣضЦһ֪ΪζŵôԣСѾͷ죬ڴֻΪԼԼ˫ɡ֪˲Ϊ𡭡
һ̳ӹ˿ڣ˿ھԵСѾͷһЦ˵ߵšȻˣ
һ̸ЦºͣɣضɫһͦСظȴİȻʧȴȻؽѵ˵û֮ҵǰǰɣڣһǰ̣
һЦ͸ɴ˵ֵ֡ĪҪһʶͬİ·ǰ˵֪ȻȻҲ
һδȴ˼Ƿŵһ˵ЦԼû˵⣡СѾͷĻǳЩЩǰһ仰ڴ˴˲ͬĽ֪ΪȻˣʿ˵ǱȻӦ䣻Է˵ˣ˳Ӧ䣡һ֮졭
СŮǰð£
һŮӵĻлع˵ؿף
㣬Ҳʫƣɸȡ֮⡭˴ͣŴӳɴһ̾˵ͬȥ䴦вͬˣֻ沨𳾡һ󣬲Ų
һɴƶΪ֮һһ仰ϣһǷһĨЦ˵̧ۿǰɵɫһ


851 ˮ
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λкιɣһƣѯԷΪ׵һʲ˵ҵϹٲǲڴ迨ץ߹ѱ
ߵ֮ʲƣֵԭǶļλ磡ʧˣ
붶˶ӣϵغһ̧ͷΪƧת֮ʺʵ߹صѱԵλ˴ɽҰ벻̣Ҫѹ򡭡
ʲֳһۣ漴ʾ¡ס·ڵıʿùһԣЩεرԹϹ֪ȥʮԼ꣬ѱϼڡǷŲӣ᷵ءΪˣҵֻ·ڡ
벻мҡҡͷϹٵĿǽѵѱӱǱؼֽΣ̫·Է£˵мλɳԼֺ꣬ҵ񣡴˼䲻й°ˣ
һ߹ѱѣ˼λɳͷʹ׷ʼ䣬Էȴй˼ɣ˵ֻ˻кһм·䱾ˣ·ԵıʿԲǼݳ֮˵â
һĹȥ·˸䣬ССɽֱߵĵԡӳ֮£ʮũɽԶȥɽҰļ밲
λʲ˵ӦԼڣ
벻Ҵ⣬߶ܿǷ֮أ복ȴڴʱȻֹȥȴϳ˫أЦɣ驶˵СѾͷǷڿʣȥˮȡ
ǰɣ驶ſھҪӦϾСԣȥũһ׮Ȥ¡ȴһ֪ɳڴˣҪȥˮȣⲻæֻ뵽˿ջơ⣬ӦоС
һ˫ԭµشǰСɽ塣ԲĻţʾ˹л˵
Ƭ̻ǲҿ»˽ԣԷɵ˵÷³
ԼȥˮͰˣαҪӴأ̼֮У뻹ֱ䣬һȴǸᣬָܣ²ؽ˵ɽˮɳڴ˳ûǺǡ仰һ٣ɵطԸڴСƬ̣˵Ե߹·ݴأҪ飡
Σֻɣ驶복ϵŮȴΪ˸̲ѡɽˮһѰСӰˣˮδһڡ⣬ֵǶɳмһȴװŮ治֪Ҫã
÷һʱԡδҲҵģ۹֮У˿ʱʧ磬ūҵӡ
סҪǰȴǲŲŲһʾ޷ǽŮЦݴɳפ֮βһײײأ۹ӹɫɻüһεһ˫磬Թȵ죬ֻһ˿ڿʲɣˮȶѡ
һ뿪ԣԶĴӡɫŮ۹棬ǰͷһȴŲйһ㣬ǻŵЦ⡣ߵĲǰһɹǱǰͥԺһܷĳϲߡŻ󿪣ǰȴӰֻмƽ˼ֵĲֻ͸ȥֱƶˡ
һ£һ̨Ͼɵʯĥǰͣ˽ŲӲվڴ˴ɽǰҿŨܵмʯʣʾ÷÷ЪϢ뼪ߵһԡԷ˫̧Ĺˣ̬С£ż˵ҼһûˣҸǺá
ŶΪûˡһԶջ۹ʵ֪ģɫࡣ⣬װʲôͿ˴ѱϼڣɳǱУɽǱɱǱץֺʡ
һչһЦ˵ԴƬ̣ȥѰЩˮΪʡδ˵꣬ٽһũҡ
һ˺üգͻȻٱǰȥѰˮڳ˽עĿȥ³λľֹ̫Ź֣
һҪһƬյأǰƾһâ֮ðһӰ

ǡײŵŮӽסһǽĵѣһʱ֪롣ڴɲǣ𡣱ǶŵӰ֮ʣŷеһȻһڵʯ߳һš
һ̣֮µһжֻнı˵ľĶǣǰһӰϵĹâ飬һһͷ­ȻըĶ
֮ʣһǰѪǽ壬ǽŲմתݣֱǼʯʶȥŮ㶴ţֻ۹⻹ת
ǡڴʱԵʯٴζӰǾǸˣͬһĲȻŻ˼УʱȴΪͬʦֵĲ𾪣һˣʶʿһɱ
֮䣬һɵӰѳ嵽ǰӦ䣬ȴѴֲ̫ˣ¼ɽĿ϶æ֮УӣСȴȻһʹ٣γϡ
ͬʱһҷĹâȻϮһŽ˦ȥֱϵʬ㱻ɽС䡪һյɳȥʮɣͨһˤڵϡ
ԶĴ£ŹâһϥֳΡһ͵Ϯ֣ٻؽңŻ
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״ɫһ漴λʦܵĲһʱд⣬Ǹˣȡ
ͷͣڵԵʱ򣬱λʦֵ⡣ǹٲ;˴Ъţ˱ûϡԷһȴ˴£˴ʦֵغĵط
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ˣȻʿ䲻ηɽķ֮ǿȴԶԶʤѰޡߣһ鷲ӣʶɱλɳ
㡭ǺˣƬ̣˴żֽʵ
һ˦ȥϵѪֿĵۣת̧ͷһ£Ž۹˵ϡ̬糣Ʋɱˡ˵Ȼǽѱǳη塣
ֻһ˰ˣǺǡһâ漴һЦ΢΢ף֪ڴк⡣ȴǰȥ
վԭزҶ亹ֱɱĿɳ
ɣ驶һ𣬽ɫɷףɪɪֲòϹ˶λֵη绢
÷ѻʯ̱ڵϣԽСѾͷ֪֡УӿһƬˮ
˺뵽ʲôߵĽʢ߳ĪǱǸ߹صѱϷʵţؽͷ
ǺǣѱһһѰǸڸɵĹˡһΪȻҡҡͷ²ͣ˫üһ˳һڵʿϷ񲻾Ǵͷ
ͷһΪǰ
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һСӣµֵɱɳ֮ٴη˵ߣǸ໹ʮʱȻѣӶȭ˶Է
ǸΪˣ벻һͻȻ֡޼ɵ㲻꼰ͬ飿֮䣬һӰǿƻȻæָһ㣬ԵĽ⼱Ϯȥ
һ죬ͬͭǽڣȻأȴ׺ݲһȭɫһ䣬ȴΪʱֻáˡһ£аȭֱ
֮ɲǣһһˤ˳ȥѪĽĲңֻһ߿ʬķ䣬ι죡
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ֻ̼䣬Խڶڿգȴ֮Ӧ֮죬գ۵Ĺ׷˻˦̹֮Уһ׺Ļڶˡ
顪һ죬һȭǡƷһ㣬δεĹʱ֧顣ۣаѳֲסһȥ
ֱʴӡ޴֮ʣɳԼŵøתӡеĴϼδ²ǡõס˵ȥ·ʱ⴩
ͨͨεˤ˵ϡǰ߳Ѫģʬȴæ̤Ͻ⼲ɶȥһӰζ
µطƣʩչֶΣֻɵУɰǽͷʹڼԶȥ֮ʱ˺ýһ֮һ֮£룬ȫɽڿն
ӳȥԶסͷȻڳһ硢ӰɳУֻϻһλֵ
ģһ˸ɳƴ뼪˲ȥУǹ˲Ůӣֻף˫ĿȻ
Ϣ֮䣬һѱ˴ŷɳȥʮɡ䲻ݻ֮ʣ˫Ȼʹ֮УһӰȥһ١
ȥڴ˿̣һץ˵˫ˤȥԷǿڣһԴб˵档ϰݣ
顪һ˱ʯ׹أݺˤڴڵĵԡһˤһ죬в֡䡱³ѪĽϻ̤һ˫š
һ󻢿˻𣬽ű˽еѽĪ·
һȡʬϵǬ䣬ѭȥߵԣ֪ʱһλ縺ˡ侢װŶʮͷͣüĿʶӢȴǷ糾͵ģ
ͻȻðˣһ̧뿪ӡתԷǰȲرȭ˵ʦԣ鲻ɲ˲ɲմδĪնħˡ
һһ٣˵ҷˣʩչĲǽṦˣǷǣȥ˴ǰķɽӿ׹䣬źۼֽסУתȥ
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߹ؾӪЩûûˣȻɳѰӵϼҡմ˿ͷļͬ⣡ߣһССţսϴȡ꣬һսıʿնɱдֻϧǵӵͷˣ
ȻˣҶһȻ֪ԼһŽмȻһ˽˴ӣƱۡʱһɹԼҲû׷ȥ
⣬˵ûʶһʿǱڴ粻֡䣬ֻɲЩ쳣ʶ˵Ĺ򣬱˼ƽϡ
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˷ðգǴһ˵䣬ûоȫ˵˳ԸˣÿʬƷͷһؼ
ѽĪӵǰ
һ˼֮ʣһһէֻԵǰȭ˵崨Ƶµı˳崨˷̽£ˣʵҡӷĪҡ
ڻ̻ãȻ֮УͷһͻӢ䲻İǰʾã԰׵ϷɹһĨϼ¥ǿգ㶮ӭķ곡Ϸʱ磬û֪Լҵݣľֹⷢ飬ֹƺ
һɲһ·ˣеαǽǣҡǰһסǳһˣԶȥҪǻҲǣŮӼΣһ֮檡һ˵ҵɫǳ룡
ڲݣȴǲšҡͷ˵ҲѰ崨
أˣɱɳ˷ضǻôƺйһѿࡣһɣ߳ӲŲʲô
ˣͦأɫ˵ƣ˽ǿߣν֮ĳбعŵسϣ˸ǧҲ
˵ֱҪεԶļͬĿ¶׹⣬
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һæҽһᣬһȥʮɣת˲㵽һũķŽ㣬ƮȻԾһô֮ϡ
ٷԶһɫһ


853 ҹɫ
Сɽһɽȡƻ裬Զɽϣ˲㵭ϼ⡭
һԾҡ
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ΪҪӣ
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˵Ŀֵ桭һɵ÷һ䡣Ϊǹٲ;ɽ壬ǡΪе书ɱȥˣɳ
ʲôɳʿˣӵĽģ˭ϻȴ˵ĿȻһڰ֣赭дֵ㣬еǻ
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һĹ˼֮һɽϡ¿ӡָǰͱµһ˵һشʱ򣬼˴죬֪Ÿףɱ˴˵ȴɷó롭˵ţһʾ£ͷǸɽ
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¿Ӻ˵λʿãϻزŽ̤벽㱻˳˵һ룬æ˱ܡһǰȥ͵һȭֻǰâš죬֮ɢһʮǳɽ˵ǰмŶʮŮףһƣ־Ī
ȹ¿Ӵϲæɽ岮۵ʱһ޵ɳħִֶͨ˲Ҳ
ԶԼ꣬һ⣡ϾĹάЩٺɽʵļҾڣ
˲ԣǷ׷׻׿ɽ䴦һǵǸʮũҸˣӣĲɫ§ŵкӣġСģ
ſĺӣ˻żɻһ˵Ҽˡ

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Ƶĵƹ£ʰԶǰһкżϾһıӰ
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һӰļˣҪ裬дд
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λС˾ϵ檣һǰ
ȰĪҪ̰ٻ˽ԣ¡
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ߣĳˣձ㽫ߣ
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һȻֹ¿ӾŻһԿ֣Щ֪룻Ůǰеּ뼪ֳֵָɱڣʣơ


854 Ұۺ
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ֵǡ뼪˸߾ٵĸֵԲ첻⡣ǰҪˮȣȴɱλɳҪҹ˼λľֹʵԴȣ
˳ʵʱɫִβЪϢһأսͬУĳ̡ɽȷغ˵÷ŴӲлϤԷȥɵߡһӼˣҪȥģµĺжδ棿㣬֮ǰһִ
һ˵ǳŲԸǣһͷΪָǰ￤;
ҵڸͼﰰ±Сֻɫ˵˾սʧ£һҧأӲͷƤֵֵǾʹȥ˼Ԧ˵ֵҲвᡭ˴ϵ亹ˡ
ȥǼ٣Ϲ׷ʿ棡һüһ˵ĪΪȥȱɰˣ
ŵ֣æҡҡ
һһ˩ʯĥԵһͷ
״밵п࣬ȴǳѵ
һֽ̧ȴͷߡҧ
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һ߳âһէּɲ֮䣬䳤޷ĪȻʱʮɡɣɽ塣ͷߴĻ͵ؾˣȴץסͷѡ꣬ŵأ˳ӡµͷͬǾ²˻ֹ
ͬʱ¿ĻѡˡһϨڳֻ׹ߣԳ֡ɣضһɪɪ÷һۻ˹ȥ롢ĸֵ֣㶴ǶĸɫãȻ
˲ϢͻһкʧӰ١¹µӰУһĬȻ
֪Уͫˣˣõ綬ѩڣ̶СϪ֫ٺľлʡʧΪһ㡢㣬㵽ԲͻȻĪͣʶָ֮ӿɼʶеΡ
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ڣӤԱԭȦȴϢͶ˯ѡеħӤɷаɫжЩȻӤϵ̬УǶֵĺȻȡ
ӤƼ䣬һСѪӯӯȴΪһ˿ˣܸ̺ܵǿơħӤӤһ˿ȻӤǰĽУһƲлޣ
룬һһõ紩ҹһ⣡Ϊ㲻ԼԪӤֻջ飬Ҫ˭ܵסӵȥ·
һ˻ָ̧ᵯһƻٿȥ¿ֵĻٴȼ꾪һ첻ѡ
Σڳɫ졣
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ǿ򶨣ҡҡͷĬĬһǰ˴˼ĶԻɵ˼꣬۹תλӢ˵ʿ
𾪹󣬿νϲĪ벻˷Ǵ񡭡
һǰ˼ͷԹԸһ٣̧֡һֱеǰѷɽ¶˳ȴգ۲ˡ̧֣ж˼Сɵƿ
̧ӹˣĿ˲ϣһ˫üһ˵ĳԱ߹أɱλӪĹһеĻӡض֮ʵǡ
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ҹʱ֣һɽũСԺǰӵǣźפԶþ֮Ǹתȥɿǣźӵ֣ߵԺšһֻȴǽŻһкµһʱûұѣڻԶ׿ɹ
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ܳǧν쳣һ䰰µƤȡһƤڸɾõͼйۿ֪Լ˽ݾдӵǰʹ·ˣֻɵĴӣǰʮѰ￤¤´塣
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⣬ħӤӤմͬ˵һʱѱ꣬һܸܵΪ뾳ԲֻǾĵǶиһߣôһĻԵ
һӤǷȱӤԲһӤһ׶˰ɣеһСŹѪ⣬Ѫɣȴһ˿Īʮ֮߰˵Ȼһɡ
ͷʹһ˿סģħӤӤֻ
ڤ֮Уһɫһʶ֮Уߺһ˿ңӦͨʹħӤӤӤΪһ塣ı氵ʲôɣ
ߣһɫƣһӨ͸͸˵ϵƣĪ⣡һ֮󣬱Ľûĥʶе
ʯ֮УͻȻǧչܵش󺰴ˣߥޣƱҪȡߡĪؽʶ֮к󣬽һн˴ֲ
鿴֮УһüʶɫϣС֣Өϣּͬɱ棺졣ǰ߻ǺߣʶԽ룬֮ʥݿ飡
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˵ûһ𣬻ΣѷԱԣƵûȴƨǡ˼ҵͷɻȴɳ˫ۡб£Լȥһء
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ջطҵ˼һеɫ΢㵡һŹֵĽƵסʶһʱѱжߡ
ȻΣһֻ꣬Ǭ䡣һԺԪӤʿһŵ걪Լꡣ
Ƭ֮һεǡƾʱΪƲԪӤʿ걪ʶӡǡ˶ΣֻýŵӵǬһ򿪡
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һһƪԼĻΪͬѱ棬ȴΪ졣ǸŵӣƾӹһֻÿʬƼʵЩ֮ȥߴݼƼĻֻأ
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һץԵ̳ӹһھƣҡֻĽţңԶɽľ滺꣬ϯϵһö˼δ뺣̲죬ֻΪãӡ
еġҪǸŮһѪڣ֮ףв֮ľҪּѡġ򡢷ַƵһ׷šѥ۵֮Ȼڲᡣ
Ƭ֮һˡҪ֯һжرŮӣԸһаã
ѵеӣһЯĹѰ˳һһĦᡣһƪͨɢ޿ӵطһΪȴΪ֮
ɾ֮⣬ĸƴɱʱһ⡶ǿסΪʩչһɴ˿ɼطһǴ
һĥһ飬ٴƪ˵ǰ߿ԹвǱĲšʱգ֮϶ΪһԼұۣ֮ͬ˭ǵ֡
Ȼ˼Σһǰɫ磬˵ˬͷȥɽһ⣡
ڵһҶˣȥأ˴ڣ˼ҰࡣǸͷʱɽӲֶ飬ϰΪȻ
һһЦֱɽȥ

ﾡľ㣬ɽһƬɱֱѩƮɣװعƾ˼ֵ次
һյĻƻʱ֣һɽϷɳ۶£ﻹһͷҰ򡣲ԶĳӰǰาһĻѩԼʿݣûʩչֶסڵĽѩϺһ˳Ȼ
һɽƶϴ̸ɾһҹɫ٣ڵӡ
ѵȼ̿¯Ϊů͡ϣϴĵЦݣȴֵѩԣǿҶ
޷һֻһ䣬㽫̿¯ϡʱ䣬ζֺǺǵʢһС룬˿õ⣬˵Сģš
϶˫ֽӹ룬һ£޵Ǵͷҵ㰡ǳֹƶʱһ˵һѰʤеζ
һЦţر˷šյ͵ƻڣ˳ֵȼˣŻص̿¯ǰ¡˲ӵΣÿ˯ĵط캮ضĴͷܿ࣡Է˾ٲ㻤֮⡣ϸ˵һղһա
ϵķСÿķʳ󶼽һĶӡߴٵæôãȳ԰ɡ
һӦһΪףĿһ̳Ʊ߳Աߺϸ˶飬Թ˵ʱǰСϾһһڳǺǡºЦţ׷У˵ʮ˴ĺӣֻȥ˱߹غûû뵽ֱץ˱ۣۡ
߶߶ͣһһ̳ƽһ̳ƹȥÿϸ˵ʱֻһԲ
ö֮ҵĳˣһ΢ЦꡣĳΪǸͷĸˣԼÿʱ᲻֪Զ
ҹˣһᵹϳ˺ࡣɫ죬ٲȻǾģ̿¯ϵһʳ˵ףֻвڡཹཡðϲ˵ϵѱ䣬ȴǲϤĶ¶˴Ⱥ͵Цݡ
һˣΣʡ
ɽ䣬ౣɽһķ򸾡λʮͷŮӣò㣬ֹ䣬ŸĺӡԻһλ׳ʵẺӡ
˱ЪϢƬ̡˵ţ
˵·ϲ̫ƽҵ顭ҡҡͷ½ߡ۲뻳еĺӣתЦ˼ҵĺӶǸ·˯ۼҵĺȴ񣡹ԣﰡ
ǺüĿ鶯ѽѧǽǰˣѾȫȴһ֣Сƾץˣֱ֣鵴
һԵĺӸźٺЦɫ˵ϵ˵ˣۼҵĺɷ˫ף˵꣬˳伱һڣ߳ޣһɺԣ紵ȥۼҵĺ

ԷûԶϼϳɽУתۼͻһȺɽΧ֮Уȴסһ˲֡ƴֻӳڣ
˱ɱǸΪ˺ӣ˺ҧų˳ȥ˸ңҵ¡
ˤڵ۴ޣ˲һԡѪӳһգþһ˿ҶĪ¡

ѪȾξůһסһص߽ͻȻһι̵ˮϡüʶʱѡ֪ʱŽһӸϣĪο̾ӣ㺰һΪˣ
һ㵣˯һϵɫд޾ĴȰ벻ᣬ˵ŵͷţӸжš˵仰̧һ˫ǰյ͵ƣȥ
һͷһ㽫ϱڻδȻ̾ˮ


860 ǰ
֮Լ¤´СӰߣʧµֻˣֻǽյķŰֽϹһյ˵ȼ͵ơ
ݲԶµϣʮ߹ľᡣдеĳڳ̾ڸֽǮ
æµȺУɫ۵һĬȻһֱһֳľᦣˮ
еϹˣͷõģе˫ͫͷȴǺͿġ
ϸ˻ʵһ̣ǲԸѡ
һũϸˣһδйֿȴһ
꣬ıȴȥϳϦЩǲݶűͷһűȥһũϸ˵ʱ򣬶ԷͬԴĸػһУϹ˵˫۴ġͷ
һһԷ񡢿ԺаԵȴضΪ˵ĸڣ
ϸˣǧĪ˵жĻ֮飬νߵغĳò
ֻĳ̫أѻ֮û֮ȤŻΪˣ֪֮ᣬſ޾ƶ֮ᣬңĴݡ
֮䣬һεļıһֻΪ֮һᣬؽڣ
ǡڴʱӰߡǼ·ɥ£Բδڰо
һδתķǰĹϣֱͷ䡣ͷźӱ߹ذ˻Ҫһٲֿ
ТӼݣл
еغһɤӡ
һŻǰȥ˵͸λףЩˮǮıл⣡϶һǮӡ
߽ӹǮһСֿ£֪ˣö뼸֣ˮϯٲˣһ֡
һлУֽǼвĵ۷ϵıǰһ°ڹȥ˼ͷֵ֮ͷķǰΪ
ЩΪһӲ֪룬Դԭزδȥϵ쳣֪
꣬һתʾ˵λĩɨΪ֮ͬ飬ְĳһæǣ˵ţһѳȥü΢΢һط
ˣ¤´ĿɿڴǮȥ
ת˲֮䣬һ˰еĸ֮ϡȥһ٣۹б߳ʶȤӽղɱˣ԰գƿһӰޡ
֮⣬ŵʿȻʧɫеԪӤΣʧ˵ţͷҲ

֮ɽУǰããһƬһӿջ꣬նĬĬѩϵһСͣ͡޹
ĬȻƬ̣һٿȻ¡ֱǧѸһʮɴСֲ¾󷨲һʯʩʩȻϥŨī˫ȴгâ
Ӥ󲡳Ȼްƣδȴǻָ˴ǰΪ
ˣӤΪ뾳绹ڻֱղܡ콫ֻµһ
꣬һ˫Ŀ΢أһ
ȥһӾп˫ۣа͵ɫ֡ϥȴڿգ漴һӣʯкڶʱߡ䲻ԸգٴóǶʮ鼫ƷʯֱǶ֮С
£һδйǽڡķĸ¼澭ľ֮С
ķֻԪӤĹȴ¼һλԻ֮󲢼壬ĸҪںָ֮ΣۼΪʱ硣
澭ƣΪţŻ塣ŲͬǰΪ֮ţΪ֮ԻţԻԷ飬лֱ͸֮Ԫ񳤾䣬ԹΪŻ
澭лҪּ
ŻԪɡ
ΣʣԪĿΪ뻯Ϊ΢壬飬黯˻飡
ΪΪңգԪ񲻻壡
һҪżȴ顢йּţһһĦ˷չأ־ĴڼѪѣβȥƴһأ
¹ȥԾһ˫ֽӡ붨

һ꣬ڸ¾λã඼֮УͻȻӿһ֮࣬ǵ겻Ъ󣬳Ұţ
Ψ׽٣Ҫ㵻棬漰ϲԵıӣˣǷĲ£뵽幩ˡ
һ侲ڣһһԶ
ɷǵߣŵӡ˫Ŀ΢أ̬֡
ģʮҵ͡Ϊһ֮ȴżֵֻ̿ɫСʵ׹ҰѰгֱ࣬ⱾʧǴ˻Ҳɳ׺ν⣿
ѰϷռˣ۹鳤Ƭ̣Ī˵乪ڣ޾̣
΢΢һ漴¶ϲɫ˵˵޾̣ƣĸ󡭡δ˵꣬Ҵ˳ȥŮæ鲽档
ʱĹ򣬹һĹ֮ڣһԾױıӰ˵λɳ˵ˣڹ֡ԷתǸòĸˣӺݻ󣬲ŭ
ʧ̬˵ɫԲ졣»ȹأԶţ߳ߣΪһֹ֮зȣäӣ
ɫһͣæ˺һŴż˵ĸɳԣ乪ڣ޾̣
òĸˣڸɵ̫󡣿ųĶӣɫԻ̾һ˵˱ãĸΪλνɷѪΨŭԹ

ҹʱ֣ȻǵƻҡҷΨһƧ¥ҹɫ֮¡Ǹʵ¥̨֮ϣһλӼȻԶԶʹݡ
ڴʱӵӰӲԶ¥ݴð˳˵ӡ
ϷͽüͷԿԶ
ڰУӲΪȻЦЦ˵ǰЯִ֮֮Ӧ֮壡
תһ縳ӣòţȴɫƳһ۾ӣ˵Ϸݾڴˣϸ㻤Լӵ㲦ʦͽԵǿ󣡡
ɫ䣬׳ǡԷк£˵֮ڣ̫أ̫ĸ׳ҰΪǲҪźã֪Ϊ󡭡
ϹˣΪλ֮һ˺Щ꣬ⲻһȷѪꡣ̫ץס幩ôյԸԳ
ӺǺЦ˵ǰԼǣǰռף㱻ˣ׽ʵ졭
׽٣תԶҹյľͷâǿּ¶˵֮ãǰʮġʮһһһߡһˣʮװʣ˭ڶɽ٣˭ܴ˽٣
ԣӺȻɫΨĸ˶ɽ٣˸ҽǰۿλǰһֱ¥̨ϰ⣬زԡ
ţǻڶɽԪӤΪһ٣ֱǶ٣ľʮٰʮ١
ʱԶȥΪ֮һҹУ¸˸
Ծ㵣ѻȻʧǰ¡


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壬ʯͤУʦͽһһҹաԾ죬״籱ԣԲ࣬
Ϲۣҹ֡ڷ縧ƾ̾һĿתؿ¡һԵҡҡͷ˵ףϰ
ڷɫ΢㵣תʦŵĵ伮¼УǰµļأȴΪһʴе鲢ûм֪
Ƭ̣˵صس࣬Ϊ޿龳
ڷ粻ʧæΣʦ˵ʼ֣Ϊ̫ʼΪ̫ʼǰΪ̫š˺콵ףǰ£ʥͳ̻³֮ΪϹš
Щǵ伮صĶѰʿԶꡣڷ˵ͷ
ӽ˵֮Զţħɸֱ򿪴һбΪʦ֪
һڴˣЩͬİԭ׿˵һ˵ľȻħеλһޡ
Ϊʦе֪ǰϹŵһСǽѣ±̫ƽ֮⡭˴˼
ڷʵҪҡ
ңӿ۵ӣطʵ򻹲𣿡Է˼̾˵ɵۿĺɢϢϽĸȴұң˽ڡ֣֮޷Ҫұ˴˲¼ɡݣԱԼưˡ
ڷȻӻ˵ǳ׼ÿǧһصޱɾ֮УϽΪָ֮ǽһдɾһĪĵط
ǺǣЦһɫȴ͸ΣֵݴޱɾеɵµĴУߣϽĸ˻»Ե޲Ϊ֮Ķ֮ν˳߲ˡ
֪ʦߣĪڵӡڷ»ת˵ֻϧʮȥʼղӰҺŻ㽫ˡ
ÿɷ˵һǰ£ʮϰٴν٣򡭡
ڷͷһʵʦ֮⡭
νȫȱӯؿطѾãõתʱˣ˵ԹٱӦ֮ˣ
һ٣ӵֵΪʦ׷׽𣬻Һ֮ڣشƫƧΪ˲㼴һ˿ԵĵӣĳضضҵȲòδѡ
ڷ⣬æվֳǣȴִżֲʵӦ֮ˣʶã
룬˵ǷӦ֮ˣΪʦԶ϶Ҽסˣ˱࡭

û࣬һ֪ϵǰ£Ҳ֪ʱ̱ǧĵ֮Уһţʲôˣٶף˻𡭡
Ҳң״ɢڼߺʯмϣǱ¼ŵɫĹٲͭ᲻ɴݡòüɫа΢΢ǹԳĿЦˣĪȻȻ
Ϊˮɣ֮ƾѪ֮Ϊճ黹Ǻ壬˳Ȼ˭չʮһɽ٣ǽ׹һʰæ˸ֲ
òװ˻ʮĵ׽٣ȹһ¸ٻͷһȴѪǸԪĲ֮ͻȻΪǲϴܡڡڡԲ֮ǰʮһ׽ٽ¡
һ̣һֻҪùˡûӦΪֵӦ׽١Ϊȴǿдݣʱֳԭͻܣ
Σͷһ˿ͻȻʹһѪ֮Ӥڣס͵١
һδӽٺлعͭǰȻŵѪš֮һɲǣҪڻ֮УԼĴڣȴڡΪһ·µѸɣһֽڶ¡
İһصΪǽãһԾңɼ壬һȴǽп졣һԪԵʣٿ˰ֽױһ˵Ҫˡ
һ֮ʣһ˿Īǿ˼֣ЮѪĲ֮ȫӤΣϴһ˳Ӷ˫ȭӭ׹⡭
֮õ׽ʧˣһ漴ԵСȥζʵס
ЪϢ˰֮һѪһͷֽһʵʵأҪǧܵļ尾ڶ̶̵ʱھϣ˰ɣһĹûа׷ѣ𡭡
һˣü鿴ΡһʯӱƮޣȴա״΢΢һ
꣬һ˶ͷðС˶ƮšüĿһ£ȴ졣
һ۵ǵӤֳһССĽ𽣡˫̬ͫȻֹ
ͬΪһȴħӤ۹⺬ɷǹһĨЦݣɫҰһ׻ƽȻȣ
ǽ𷢽۵ӤһĶЦڿеһ̬ſ磬ȴȴǰ˼Ƶ⡣
ǰ龰һûϲãȻǵӤ˱ڣͬʱתͬһɻ
Ƭ֮ӤԻص֮Уһ㶳ֽ꣬һץȴ޶һƲҾǺΪ
Ϊ壬ȴޣգΪأ˰
գһ漴֫ٺִ͵ľ֮УӰֻһ΢Ԫ֮ѭϢ
⣬һ˿ĪɼȴԪ롣Ӥʶ֮䣬ת֮ơ
һȻ԰ӤΪȻֻлĳڡ
ĬȻΣһ˼֡˵Ѫ׵ΪȴһӤ׽ٸˣ
Ѫųż󣬱㽫󶼺׽֮ϡԼ澭ҾгɣűϵذΪȴͽʵһӷ˼ĴӣҪϣȵͷɵһգ
δ֮£һӤԭͲѰлĹֲֻܼˡ
Ƭ̣һ˾Ժûκ谭õ٣ֻ㹻ɾΪָտɴ˷ɽٵĶزСǻطݱܼա
ɣһѰһѥϣʩչڵ¼Сֱǧ֮⣬¾˸Ұ
ЪϢһڤ룬㽫Ķľ󷨲ڽµ֮С󷨴ͬС죬ֻǾԪвͬˣԺ϶ʮߡ˿ɾӴݵۣвƭá
ǰϰʯȣȼɾδЩᣡΪزٰ
˼һһóǸ걪Ǭ䣬ĨȥʶӡǣеʮɾεҡҡͷĻʿҲԣ
ƾŴʱʵΪҪںѰұο֪ûɾһ޴̸𣬸Ī˵ָˣ
ڰ֮Уһü΢΢ʶ꣬ɾ֮ϣһ°ȥûɾӱȥ


862 һʯǧ
һ˳µıչأһ׽٣һ˻ڵΪػʵȥש߷ܳɾΡΡá
˵ֻǿ󣬲߳ĻвмгĪڴ
һ֮ᵽԼСڴ̵ʱδ˴ʧˣڴĵʱΪ˷ԽԪӤʿɽһھݵʱ򣬻ĸֳΪ·ǵ֮ǰǺ޼ʵʤĪĶ֡
ΪһΪСţԼһܵǰδеܴ衣ڵߣ֪ʲôĽѡʶҪøΪǿ󣬲ܲηһеս
һæýеĶʮɾΪɽȴһʯǧˣ˽ڸԶĵط
ŵ˵ͻۣν⡣ڡ⣬δ֪ĵطиΪѰ

һ·֮ϵĶǰλ˵еĸӿһԶתǰ֮˺Цʵʧʮ꣬ǰ֮Ϲ۶Ȼ֣֪Ԫӵѿнҡ
Ԫ˰ߵģɸò£żֽ˵¡Ҳ¶˵ţ۹̧Ĺâ΢΢ֵ硭ڰ˼Ҿ׹˴£
ɫɣȴҡҡͷЦƵ¼ˮļֻλڵС棬򣻺ʼ䣬ͼľˮӡ쳤ӣ԰״޴־ʵ
ԪӳĬƬ̣ÿɷ˵нĸǶţԭǸˣϵ˶Էдһ˵ӲΪغǺһЦڵĶȴٷ糯ƣϼ롣
ǰǸҹǰµڳһ֮ͻȻʧˡδ飬糾͵ظϵ˿кͼֻԼͷ
һӽŷŵĻ˵Σҵ֮ĴδиԷʾͬһתʵΪұг֮գΪνϽĴֺࣿ
Ǳ£Ԫӽס£˵ϤʿϽԵΪ氡
ˡ˫һ̯϶˲֮ɫʵΪҵȲϽأΪҵȲ쾳Ϊأ
н裬ڸԽӽϽ֮ˡ˵ˣ˭֪ϽںηأԪ̧۴ŶԷǸݵѿЩЦ⣬˵Ѳֱԡ
Ӱһһڳøģ˵ת֪ѿɷ˵ǰµĵʡ

һ侲֮Уһ۵ڻŲӡ˳üò׳ٶ֮֮ơ
ԶǰһλŰµӴ룬Ӣһ˫ϸӶ£˵ģ
ǡ󣬽ĸǺǡЦУͣ½ŲĨ˰Ѻ룬˰˰֣˵Ҫȥһߣ˱ﲻ֣޼ҵŮʲϣҪᡭ
Ծֻ̬ҷ˼ȴֺ˵ǰۣĪӦ֮ףдԣ˵ǴӦ֮˵
ߣԸˡ˺һ˷ԸŮ˽飬ҶĶ䣬ӰȻ
ԹӦһת߳˾ҡ̧ͷãǰɸֳһӰ

ƺ䣬ϣһŮϥڷ磬ѩǦȾ
ɽηӿ㷢Ůϸü΢ת꣬ԶֳһӰݵʥŮ
˵λߣ뷢Ұףü´ɫдżֹ
Ů۹̧ɫ忡촽΢˵ӣ֪Խ֮仰滺´䣬ȴƴĪ֮η塣
ԣӵߣһæ˵˼ŮУһ桭
Ҫ˸ʣŮ߳һ漴ĮȻ˵ǵһλóȻˣ»أģȥɡ
Ӱһ˵лʥŮ⿪»л˵
ʥŮ˪ɫ
̧ͷʮֻƮ켰һɫӰʥŮݡҳɣ˵Էзһʱ˵Ӧ֮˵ɵתΨ䣬ŶѰϽ硭
ǺǣӵĻδ˵꣬ʥŮЦһãתգҪ°ˣ
һתʥŮֵ޼ĹӲʵ档ɵѻɢֺתһ˵Ӧ֮ˣ޻̸֮Ͻ硢⡢Լ½磬ݷɭϣ˭Σȥɣ̫ƽ
ԸɣӹһתʧԶ
ʥŮתǲãһ˫ϼ˸
췴Ҫһ죬Բ˳ͬˡҾƣ
˻ɢνӦ֮ˣһУ𡭡
˴ʥŮб񷣬ɫ͸ЩƣΡһ֮ϣƷޣȴѽ롣
ˣ¹󣬻ǻȥɡ

ǲľͷһλòնԶǿʶɨ֮ľ򣬲ɵ΢΢ЦǰŮ뿪Ȼȥ

һ֪֮Уһߴʯ֮ڣλ߾һ
˸˵ǰ£Ҿ帴֮װ
˸͵ǰѰ崫˶ã콵ףҵӡ
˳˵Ȼˣɳȥڡһ⡭

ɽ¡
һŮӴһߡػïףΣɫ͸һĨ档
ܣŮ۹ߵһ֮ϡһѰĿݻͣϸһͷ޹
Ů˹ȥС꣬ǷһĨЦ⡭
һӰѭų߿Уˮӵ뻳
˳ԶɽϣŮӾվǼ֮ǰһ̳ӣĿ⣬ü΢˼


863 ·
۳ֵһݾӹǸɽУһŮӵӰ֪;˴רΪⷽľ
壬ɣ˼̳ԭδľơռŵɽУ˼١
Ůǰפã¶һĨ˵΢Ц֮뿪ɽȣȻԶȥ
ֹ˰꣬һɽС
ŶʮͣһĨףòʶ࣬ʦָ㣬Ѱ
ɽڵƬطһ˿׽֮δʧˮߡɽɽּǻպ¡ѰǧңΪ֮ݡ
ȥҿգʯм֮⣬ҵȻƲ
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ʩչֶνһȥ뿪·ɵ˰С˼Ƭ̣ǰС
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ʼҪݸĸΪʦһζСµðﴨΪ񣬱һڻؾ˾ӵĿȴ֮ⷬ飬żϵָ㡣񵭶ϲµ飬˴˫ദĻǢ
֮ǰһ׽ͻ֮󣬻¸ĹעﴨɵĸʱŵѰ⴦ڱչضܡҲǻҲͷ
һзƽ˾ʱ򣬰ﴨûзͼǲ벻㻤ҡ
һպеǸյС붼ǲɱԪӤϡӴŭ֮±ټָϸ˸ۣ֮ǰתﴨ˵ǿؽǰȵȡ
֮󣬸ŻʿӰֺǿأһǺСȴӵ󣬰ﴨֻôӦǰ׳ڰ;УʶмһӰϲһУֲ


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֣ȥغδžȻ
ɽ֮ϣһԻѵĵٴط꣬˵һ޵Ļ֮󣬴ʱĬȻҹɫ̫
һ˫ڳ֮УԶʡﴨǿʯͷϣﱧſվ̳ӣȻ
ɢˣŰīˣû뵽ɢҲˣ䲻Ĺ֮⣬һֻʣǰˡϣ೯ʥͳء
֮ʣﴨֽеһ̳ơųڣԾףһ̾Ĳ״ʵڽ˲סȹ̣ǲΪ֮˷簡
ŵöһ˽ǰһһ̳¡ʯͷϵĿ̳ɵ߰˸ĳλǾ˲
һ̳ʮ㡭ﴨץ̳ӱ͹һڡˮǺʪ˺룬£ԻȻˡƬ֮һ̳ӾƵβʣδ̧۴ܡɫ룬ãȻ
һתﴨҡҡͷʾˮ꣬ǳֹ漴Ȼһ̾˵ֻϧ˳СѾͷԪӤԱֻذв֪ɷΪϷ
һüʶһԲǳֹҿûôź
Ѿͷľʹ˼
һһе϶һ̴һ£ֽߵﴨһ£˵طɱӣȴŵŵԨֻˡһݣΪʧֻò߹ؾӪŵŴ衣ɴ㣬Ҳڽű𣬲ҪѰֵ鷳
ﴨһֶ¾̳վ˺һ¶꣬ŵ˵ӿǰǺĸˣ˵ĺΧ֮£նɱǿвӳһ⡭
˴ﴨǰɻʵҹǻɣΪԪ֮ʵĪ⣬»ȻһͳЩĸ˻ǿһأ㾿ǺεȵΪ
Űﴨδӳ߳ԼΪ˺棬һޱ죬˵ǿ˻ڵΪɣա
ﴨ΢㵣漴һ㱡ԪӤʱնɱĸˣʱ绢Ʋɵ꣬ζԳʱգڻڵľֹǰԳϷʵЦ󷽰
İﴨظȴʧִŲִʵ޿ָ𣡶ѽѻһܱ֮޸ϵһҹĳ̸֮һͷдԹûˣȴǴŲ׽鵭˵Ϊٸߣкã
ﴨҡͷЦ£ӭųϼƻ𣬹次פƬ̣ԷŵĻܶʵһ˼ˣֽΡ
һԶһƳвϼɵ˵һɱغݣΪ֮ͬѰ빫ˡ
ﴨв²⣬ȴǱһĻһתʵǡ֮أ
һ˵Ѱָ˵
ҪˣﴨæְұˣƶֵڽȡοĴأΪϡ
һɫʵԸڴ˴ľԪֺο뿪أ
³⣬ͽκΡﴨ˫һ̯ȻǲԸغݣĳǻ˲һ
һεһƲǣ˵㣬Ψǳ׽ನδƽ꼰޹
׽㻯¡ﴨɫһ䡣
һʵʵ˵һӤɽ٣Щ
ǳ׽ٳ֮ãǰµ󣬵ʱԼסˣֹǶԴЩǿĶﴨĿ֮ʲô뿪Զ֮ʣ֯Ҷշ˵еɱ壬˲ɶõӣǺǣһΪȻ˭ڹɾ㡭
ᳶ֯ˣէһһŮӣһƤһȣתˡֲڹɾʱ򣬰ﴨԼоֹ͸Īԭ˵
ﴨ˵Թűй֮ԣɣɲգգϵиʶ֮ܣƶвһŮӡ
ǰΪиߵͣݸͬ˴˼ûʲô˵λ٩٩̸ûûˣмѧģһֹסԷ˵һΣߣ
ﴨ΢΢һЦ˵ںվ˽ŸұǰȥΪҡźʹ׷ɱͷܣʱ²ãֺαشǸأ
һ˵һΪ
һΪһذﴨûӣǸɴӦһֱ׳˵
һɫ⣬Ų
ﴨһ˵ѪΪˣ䲻ˣ̳ӾʹһҪġ˾ٲӦ֮⡭
һʵ㲻˵ˮ꣬𣿡
ﴨһͦдʵߣһ˵ˣˮ꣬Ѱ磬Ī·βһһڣͷشߴٵСϾ
һ˱Ժõĵ֮ʿһΪơڱԺΪİﴨٻӦ˼Űӡɢ֮νй֮޲ţǧĪҪʶĵһ۸ƭˣǡ֮һ
һ̳ӾƣҪʮҿɼأ
һǺЦһǻָյ̬վ̧ץ̳Ӿƣżֺ˵·ֺηϾ

ԾݵĵѣһĵĹˣյԽٺطꡣû˹˼ɣ˸ңԼ˴ദ䲻̸۵˫
֯ġҪټϰﴨλʦָ㣬һΪһӲʩ֮ӶԷлǸ֮Σͷɼܻŵġ֮ͬ
֮⣬һðﴨһ״󷨣á
֮һҪȥ֮ʣһƪԺɾıġﴨϲ֮æǿȡӦ֮ʱһƳһۡѥ

ںһŵأаﴨغԺһʵ⡣ԸɣҪٴζ·
ڸɶǣĺԺξϲĪż֮λĵ˹˵ֵɼݹ٣¿ӱң
һͥԺ۹ξϣЦеģˡ
ξ΢΢һæӣ֣˵¿ӴڸɳҰ£л
Ŷһһ䣬϶һĴâ
ξҴһ£ѹɤ˵ʦӣżµӻҺ󹬾ӣ̫̫ͶãʹͥҲԴˣ¿ӼаٹٽǸŭԡҵɱ׶һɨ
һΪغǺһЦ˵Ǿ֮Ͱˣٱһֻ˽ⳡԵ֣˵ţƹâ˹ȥ
ξҵ˫ֽӹǸߴļ̣ͣȳ˱ǣϢĪɱ产Ȼɫ䡣
һЦݣ˵֮ƴ֮ԿɱһƽȻ˺ŻâǶ뷨з֮ã֮ƽ⡣֮ˣⷴɡʶⷬʵ⣡
ξתΪϲҪлȴλֵʣ֪䡭£ҡͷ˵¿ֻʦʦﰲáԷǺһЦ˵ʵҲ֪ȥ˺δ
ǡڴʱͥԺкһ硣ξع˵ûӰʧֵ̫һ桭


868 ˷
Ƕžɽ۵Ļɽϵڣȴһǣ²˻ҳмƾɲ
ܣһȦݣ߽СɳֻҰˮϣƮһҶ
չصļ϶żɽЪϢһҪôƣҪôڳߴ˼һȤٵٽ˺ûص˴ֱա
һվڳߣĿĹˡ꣬£΢΢һ
ǿʶں赲ºԽȴޣ֮ŵȵȣԴ͸µĴءֻǧ֮µΣĿһ룬ζȻһ
ת˲֮䣬һıչڣȴȥӰƬ֮صϣңأ˼
ɽٵʱԪѪ֮ӭ߿յĽףû꼰ɽڽķ˴򡣴˾ٻв뱩¶Լм⣬Ȼֺαڵºǧ
ˣѰɽȡŰﴨ˵׽ٲɱؾ˺򡣲˭ȥң⣬ͼ
һڳߴ˰ʱͷȥѶԲٶ룬ڿնĪ֮ʣһƳŷǸͲˡ

֮䣬һ΢Ĺâ֮ðһӰʹ˼ڴ̧һֻСɵ˳ȥСӭ绯ɳһһۼǰ
ʮ֮һڰ֮УĿһɫãã޼ʣһʱ˱治嶫뿪ڸɹ֮һ·ǧ˴һûٽţһͷȥԶԶɼϵ˻ӵżƬʯ
ڰ֮Уһ˫伲ӣһӡȻһŹơָһ㣬ϺڷХһġɵľ޸ȻԺɵ֮ƣȻ·Ľʯ
֮䣬һ䡣޸нʯһɲǣַ𣬳һռϮȥ

һէ𣬰նȻ˺ѳһɳĺɫڣ֮쭺ƾˣ꣬޸ʧɡ
һ˽ʯϣƣɫ͸ЩЦ⡣Ԫ֮ʩչħӡ׽⣬Ƕշĵ磬ͬն
Ƭ̣һڽʯ˴ͻߣġɵķԲ˻ɽǸʱЪŵĵطʹƿնݷ·ʵЩԲƾʱΪֻһʮΪԪ
ʶÿռٶ֮һݰﴨĽա֮䣬һ·òԷݡ
ʱȥһδŸ·һ֮һߺڹ͸ֱȥԶڱ̲֮Ȼһźɫ硣꣬һٿȻأתۻ塢߳ǰ֮⣬أɷӿƲ
꣬ͻȻһ⣬˲仯һͷİ׻峤࣬һ˫кâ磬죬¶ֻʵȴԵüΪܣߣš
һǰֵİ׻΢΢һЦ˾ŵӴɾãձԼ⻢ֻнڵΪȴƾԶ޵սʤѰԪӤʿԺҪԵľΪĸ֣㱾¿ɲð
׻ͨʱŭХ״ʾޡԶŰ֮ߣĳ˵ӣ
һüһ¶һĨаЦϺһһöʿĽ𵤡ɣ֮һ˳ȥˡһ죬飬һžֱȥᣬ͵ſ¡
꣬׻̬ʵʵһǰ۰Ͱ͵ɫо̰Ĳǳ˽𵤵ĺôղܣ
Σһ΢㵡ɽ𵤿Ϊв֪Իôŵʱ⣬˭뾹Ȼš
һö𵤣һ
һһۻ꣬°˼ڴɱõĽ֮⣬ԼϻĸԪӤֱԾݺɾŵľλϡⷨӿΪջѡĪˣӵϻƿȵġԪƿ쵤
ǻԻ񣬵еʿǶ֣ʱǶһǿұۣ
һ룬׻ŵʹŴԴֺõشǰһ˦ӽ˳ȥҪôߣȻһɢ̶Σȴӣίģ
״һתЦˣԺԪӤԪȱ¶ͣӶȻмΪ֮Ҫסˣɱԣؽ˵һϲݿܣ׻ƽ⣬æζŴԴʰӡ
һٴóһԪӤ𡣰׻һţѪһһžű˶ӡ꣬佥ήҲ񣬾Ȼ˯漴εȥգۻһ
Īǣ˯ɴ˿׻еһȣ
һٵ飬ƿնȥֱֹȥ˰£ٴͣǴãã̤
ʮ֮⣬һϽ񷣬̺ƻֺǳ׼Ǳɣһǵաݣ֪ǴͨߵΪ֮棡
һϽ«һھƣ·˫ԡ꣬¾ƺ«˫ӶһԪ֮ʱԳһ壬ȻⷽظһٿȻǵ硭

һСֻа˼ңֵӰǿջϲѲ³СΪ⺣
ٽʱ֣һŻ۵˴Ӻ⺣ĽֵϷ糾߹ǳƮݣΨɫԾ⡣һҾǰԶ˼̳Ӿ֮ǰҵĽ־΢΢
һɴ󺣣磬öݷ۽·²˫ءݣȻͬƫƧС϶Ũ޵ĵԪƮܡϵǣɫ彡
뿪Сȥǧ֮⣬һѰһƧĹ·ͣһɽЪϢ
ֹȥʮգһŴ붨Ԫɣһ°빦
һ߳СɽĿҰɫڡ֮ⷽɫڷϥż̧ͷһ˶ġԲ¡߹ʣɽɼ
Ƭ֮һ³һӻˣ
һжһöӵͼЩ෽Ѽ̽飬ԺԼ֪
󣬲ڰ˼֮һˡ֮⣬ĪĽߴӣʮ֮ࡣ˴˼޲֮ңǺʿúѰʿֻý󣬻ֶΡ
޼ҴͼУʮһóӵһöͼעϣΨΪңԶؼΪβУĪǲˣֻʲôʣ
һʱ벻ףһֻ÷ͷɻ󡣵ȵһ߳ƽΪʱԼҪߵ·ѰɾΪ𡭡
ĬĬ˻һϵ򲻼ˣȴһ̴ֻӨ͸ԼӶ꣬ʶУһԼֹȻ˽˷


869 ǧ
һ֮һһ˵Ϊٶ׵Ĵ֮£ġ֮ħԲ롰ż
޼᲻֮ͣݺ˻֮ƣƳؽƣΪ졣Ȿ츳ͨȴҪһſɳߡδԣв֪㾳
һʶŽеĽƱ㲻赲Ȼǳƽͨɣ漴Ȼѣ֮ڣһĿռ䣬һŷµĽСŮź
СӣйĽ飬һƲли˭ȴ֮ĮȻˣ˲磬ӺŶ

ʲôóȻҽƣȫϧ֮ģѶ治ʶǸˡ

ΪԱԪӤΪ㿮Ȼߵغ񰡣㲻ҲˣҪȥҪҪɾʣĻСӣСӡ
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һأԶеüͷƽ˵㲻ǻӣʵ
Ůӻ˫֣ŲãȻţҲǻӣ˭
һΪȻҡҡͷ˵ˣȻ˵ұ㽫ӽ󺣡ǡڴʱһۺϸâǰͻȻһ⧲ͷһһСӰѵʶ֮С
󵨡
һɫʱΪŮӵĻУ˭뷽ŵһ̬ͼҪʶȴֻǷɫӰ뿪ʶת˲˳س֮Уﻹͣ߶˻ƣʹСŮ޼ҿòѰϢ֮ذ
СŮӵ֮ԪӤڵʿ¡ǰ֮Уֻһ赲Եʣ
һҷ˼ڵĶŮӱ˫վ֮УشϥԪ񣬾ѽԪ񣬺Ŷ˼˵Ҳ
ڴʱԪԼͬ˫ּ̧ۣһ֮ɲǣĪһ˲סܡŮӵĻ޴ӣԾ治ѵ̾ͫ࣡һޣԶźƣħɣΪҵ㿴СȻš
һתʵ֪ͫ˫ͫ㾿˭ͬʱڽһŮס˭϶ԷţüĿһĨײϲתŲæǼһСûģͫԶ츳ͨ伮пɲ鰡˭ǳӰǸ߶ĵĿŮӡ
ֻ߶˲ŮӵĻ塣Ǿ߶ĵĻʹһ̾һ˼Ƭ̣˵ĲϼջУҰھƹ˻ӡ߽УԼΪ֪ĹȥںɾɽþУҼ˻ԭӡһϲŮӣһ֪ԭŷ˰ȵһֻ֮󣬲ĪسΪʿĿΪ
֮УŮ֧ŽƳԪüŪۣƸδĳ˵Ļϡ
һɫ˵һƲлᣬʹǿṲ̊ɵȴãűвΣͷΪŮӵԱԪӤֻ֮·ʵɶ񡭡
˴һ٣һżֺ˵ϵлͫӤԪʶɷеĻ꣬Ѱ֮ˣҲ˻ӵ壬ȴһ޳˼֮ڣԲסˡ
۸ˡһǣ߶һɲǣŮӺͻȻعίؽкûг⣿Ҵ˰㾳أǻ죿Ҿǳѽֺƭ㣿ءϡǵ˻ǧ･ͣû˵ľͣڳ¶ҳ˵Ŀģ
ǧһüʶ£ͷɱһȴٴɫ˵ǻֺγ붾飿ǻɽҰһƲл꣬Ͻѷ䣬һһ
֮Уǧһ鲻Ը˵ˣȻֺαذڳˣʮС˵ƵĵС
֮ϣһ˫Ŀ΢أȻɽִɫ棬˼˵䲻ΪǧԸƬִ̣׷̬˵֪ºεأڻɢ֮ʶ롮ҴһƲл깶ǳԵɣԼʱ龰ҾҲ벻
֪ĳɣǧһת˵Դʱ̫ã˭ȥһأһǵԼǧŶҺΪ˻ӣӱΪң˴˻Ȼһ壬Ǿһˣ
ʲôʱ̫á𣬻˥ȵȣǧڵ뵱һޡһԴ˼ֲ֣ǷĵĻﲻɣԷ˵һꡭ
һ꣬ǧһԻʰãΪһŮӵİ֮ŮлӣһͨͨɽŮɵ
ڻʮһָ꣬Ѫһ˿Ѫ˳˯еǧطֳһʶ֮ڣӴԺŮӵһ˲ͬ
ǧǺ˵һЩĴǳţį֡ǸӵŮյ̤żʱ˵꽥ֱ˴ˡ
ӵ°빦ֻ̫Сڰ֮󣬻ǱһʦӺһء
Ǳ£ֻĪԵɣ䡣ȥ˴ǰųΪһթǵСħŮ˰ıչΪʶǸõĽòˣڳΪǧ˵ǧΪ˻ӡ
˺󣬻һûռűˣδ뺣Ͽֶء˭ʮȥǸСӾȻŵħڣ
׷֮£ӽӽһȴҲ¶ԼϵϼջУԽסҰھƵңɽĻþУٴʧء
þ֮Уӻع˱ԡһ̣鲻Ů֮߳ʹһɲǣԹ۵һʱȡȴ޷ᣬЯ֮ͬС
Ȼת漴̽˭϶Էᣬһֱɻ󲻶ʱգ׵ʱĲ²ǸɶġͷȻǻСӱˡ
󣬾ݵĸڳӵĹƻ̤Ѱ̡鼱֮£ӻûһ˴֮Ҵ׷ʦɢ˶ȥ
⣬һ֪һȴǸӵ³䱻裬飡֮£һԱԪӤԷֲ
ˣ˵ڵᵤӤһ̣ԭĻӱȻˣ
ûһϤ꽻Ǹ־ĻȻڣ
Ǹ񾲵ĻӣѴȴ޷һУԼξһȥ
ǡ绨ɳһƷٴиǧ


870 ۿ
ɽ֮ϣһȻţǴһĨεĿЦ
֮Уĳ˷ص˼ңȻ붨ȻܵԪ˵ˣΪԪɾơ
ӣٲһй֡ˡ㽫һƵøɸɾ
˵һ֣ǧӷ˵ʿֱʼջһŮӵΪһʱԼֲԼ˭ûԱԪӤһֻǧһУǡᡱʲôء
һ£ҡҡͷƾİֲ꣬׵¶
⣬ǧװƣ¶Զ϶ԶȷɣȻϵûͫ˵ʶͨ㲻֪Ƿ˵һǧáŮӡ
ƾšĽ飬Ǿ䡰߶ġĻԼǶǵ̹ǧ϶ᱻ˾֮⣡Ůӣһƽ⣬ԶԸ
һе˼̻֮ãһɶõıֻбԪǧŽʶԼ˴һ𣬲ֻ֪Ǹ龰
ÿҵ˼һɷеĶͷɺ˯ѣвͬþֻ̰̰˯ΪΪԶް
ڴʱһ⻮һ̧ͷһеĽ𵤺ڵʿҴҵģ֪ȥη
֮мط˵֮⻹ͷһʿ
һɣڷվԼΪڵӣһѷɽڽ£ֱԶ׷˹ȥ
Ƭ̣һľٶ˲Է漴ڰֹסȥƣȻعˡ
Ǹˣɫƣϡĺ룬Ψ˫Ŀ磬ɫдһ˿ϹǸڵĺ߳λмĪͼ
˴ʮɣһͣΪغǺЦãβСԷżɻʵҲҪֵš
ʲôطкãϵöͼزʵһ˵ͷÿɷ˵λ֮ĩͬһ㡭δ˵꣬Էɫ࣬ȴмؼȥҲǰһˡ
Լãһһ󣬾˵ĳλѴͽ̡
ɢޣ۹бţһ˦תȥǰУ˵ĳΪԪŽ𵤳ϣ
һ׷ȥǺЦԭǵԪŵĶųϵ棬ʧˣԷû˽ģͷҲص˵һ۱㿴Ϊ氡ֵſ֮գԶ޲ֻ֮͡ɢޣԽǰ
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˴֮󣬶ųԳҪﳤȥһڽֵ϶ǻ˼
ϵסΪˣֵȴʿӶࡣԵĵ۴αȣջӦоСͷɽƻҹɫµȻ֡
һӵ֮⣬һפͷҶϡɸֹâҫ۶Ŀǰͬһ㷨ʹС¥ԸûʶƲ
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յîʱſաȻײˣһȻʶһֻλų˵ˣǧ﷽ԲڵСţ֮СЩڸĴţŵӻʲ
ŷΪŵȣŸԼҵĹءҪֹ̤Ħʿÿ˷һɾʾ⣬ǶųƲһһССɢޣʯԣֺαشأ
һ˵ȻˣմкηȻʶﴨֶΣв֪֮кθ֮ɴѵõĻᣡֻϽеɾһգǺá
һڡɸ󡱵ǰƬ̧̣˹ȥһңӦûջ
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һŲ֮У̧ۻܡݶ컨ǽǵǶ飬ʮɷԲ֮յͨŵǽǰڷһŶ౦ӣⲼһεĽԷ˿һԪӤӦǸƹģµʿ˻ơ˴˴ʿΪȡ
λѣ֪һһĻӭǰЦݿȴ
һֱ˵ʵɷȡɾԷͷ´һۣ˵ʯҩĵرɻɾ
˶Ի˲Ŀһ𵤳ڵСҪɾʿλ뷢ҰסòݵߣͶһƳ۹һԴɫ΢ȡ
һǻһ˵ͷһϲ˵ã뻻ȡɾ֪ΣԷ˼ػصʮʯɷֵҩʮ꣬Կɻȡһɾĵر뵱濱ۼۡ
˷˵һ΢㵡ԭʯڻʱù⣬ʱϵļ֮ǺáҩУʮܻһɾ̫ˡ룬óһԪӤʵﲻ֪ۼΣ
۹һɨһеǰѷɽһɲЦ˵ƷԪӤһʯһ򡭡
һɫһڣֶһѷɽԷԼӴ˵Ʒ񷨱һ򡭡
ǻ񷨱ֻʯһˣס⡣ɽɱǸ걪ãټֵʮɸ󣬹ڣ
һʿóԪӤ뻯񷨱ۣʱˣԷ׷Χ˹ǻƶԴ˾ռߣΪ˵ԸԣĪʲôطǺǣ˵һ룬ǺЦһǹ⣬ڮ٣񷨱ΣɸŷŽѰ裡
ǻʽЦݣԼΧܵʮֵʿһҡͷȡһɾô𣿶Է͸˼˵λѣЯһһóƽۣóԸ
óԸԽӵ۰ȥ㿴ۿͣˣһջ֮ʱ˵ɷ񽫷תøϷ򣿼Ǯ
һѭȥǸ뷢Ұ׵ߣΪ
ڴʱ˵λѣϵĵЩãԻȡһɾΡ
ף˵ӵۣһ˫üһ


871 η

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ɣôΧһȦ֡Ǹƹʶȴⲻټһ˫˫̰۹⣬һһ˦תߡ˭˲Ļ׷˳ǸҪߡɸǰмڳ߹
һһɫÿ뵱Ҳ񾹱һɾƵϣһʱһʱҲ߻Ҫ£ͷػֹһٿɾұ㽫ŵǼ񷨱㣬ٸԪӤķ̸
˴ɶԶ͵վסعң֪ûſЦҡҡͷһԴ漴ѵһС˶թһ˼أ߱죬񷨱Ҳû˵Ǯ
ֳΪԪӤڣڴʱ˵Ȼڳ˳ļơԷΪ˵ϷʮʯǼ񷨱ƽ£Ρָź룬ֵһС̫ǻϷʵ̡
⻹˲ҪƤ˲ҪһһƲ˵ֻɾʧˣ
߻˵ǰĽСﳤȥ㬺һʶȴ׷ȥɸǰǼʿɵ¡

һ˦֮󣬶˰ʱھ˼̳ӾƣڽֵԵĵ̯˼öѰһҡƿջסǲʶڰжңȻ
ջԺһͷһЪ֮ء˴Ԥõ󷨣һ֮áر˷ţвһơ
ƻڡһľϣȻԵáһ⿴ţһž̳ʱʱһڡ
صľˮԻ𡱣ζöУһЩǳԵķԼݵͼһǸµĸȤȴʼղꡣ̯һʿ˵ΪڣйͨصĴ󷨣Ѱ䡣Ǿһ߸ϣصĴڡ
֮㹻һʿꡢʮȥȥ֪ںżȥĶԹ»áοһɾûУû㾽ȹ
ҹʱ֣еһľʧȥӰת˲ֱ¡˻Ϊ֮ʩչݵȷֻͷһɼǧȲƿնݷȴһʿɻȱķš
µǧһɢʶǰҲĴڣȴŨ뵭ԪǰӿɣܵŨΨԪѱ١
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״һû˵±ʱľϲǰҡҡͷٺãҪѰҵǺɾԪȻɡ
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һöòĽֶ֮â֣͵ǰȥգ֮䣬ССĽͣ
һǹΣɫڴǻǵԳӵġѰ䡱ѴꡣΪ׽Ѱ֮ܣв֪ڴ˴ɷó˵ǽǷԷֱԪĲͬ
Ƭ̣ŹâȻһӺ¼׹˲ûӰһϲ֮׷ȥ
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ֱصһâөҹУ͸żֵĹĪ⡣ϡԪóԣ
һ΢촫һ֮סȥƣ
µһСľʯںڰ֮СܾȻһƣѰ䵲档ŨԪʹ˾
ϣżʿһɽڵķ£ȻٲֻʵСЩصûлΪѰѰ˴
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һааһЦһâһֱ͸ɣʱڵܿüɫ⡣ͫΪΪ
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ˣ־̣ʼأ
һΪǵغǺһ֣ת˲ĽǰѰڽ⣬Թâ˸ȴڡ˼һ͵ػȭȥ

һ˺ѵĺڴ죬Ľʱ첻ɢȥʹһɫ΢䡣ôĶ
вһٳɣһͷǿʯͷ֮С֮ɲǣͻȻһΪֳַɽһҿ
ϢĹʮɾ֣һٴκ϶Ϊһȴգۼ䲻Ӱȥ֮ӰڶΪ׵һߣűٵĽŭɶغηҸǵΪﲻ⡭

ͬʱһѷص˿ͷ֮СϥˣһӣǰһѴСľʯҹɫ˵Ĺâ
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յ峿һʩʩȻ˿ջӭֱȥ;ɸʱĿбӣΨǴһĨЦ⡣
йأֵϲʩչУһΪһҲϾסķˡ
һǸعصˣֱ̤֮ն𡣶ʱǽݹⲻϣȻǱϷķֶȥ
ʱĹĹһһɽȵصľͷŵɽڣһʯֱĸ֣Ϊɣɶɷơɽǰɽϣۼʿ˲ϸԻҡ
һӹɽϵȺתɽϵļ֮⣬һ߷ֱڳ֮ľ󡭡
ڴʱɽǰּԪӤʿһΪ׵˵ҼҹС֮ͽңʹԭյʢ±ӺλͬȺУھСµĵֻڴ˴ԶۣԪӤԱ֮⣬ɾſɽɽšǰ
ŵӵĻʱɽϵȺһɧ
˺˭ǵŵͷϡ
˷߷ߵɾأⲻĿƣʲô
ʧرԹΪβҵȽʿɽţǰһˡ
ͬʱȺ󷽵һɫ΢㵣漴ȻʧЦ


872 ۷Ź
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һӰεǰǵԪŵĶųϡϳһһкɧԷͻȻüͷ䲻ת̧ͷȥľηֵǰ˼١
ʮӰӿնȻǻϵΪڳ˷׷˵طԹʩ񲻸ҵŵǼӶǹӭɼߵķͬһ㡣
˼֮ʱΨһֶûгϻ̳ϿֵģµشЩߡʮòʿΪϵΪбµߣڡɸǸߣȻǻڵʿžӸµ̬ɫһ
λųͬʱʲôæ׿һԵλֵѡԷɣµȻ䣬ӽ𵤳էȻԪӤŸΪɲ⡭
ԭλǰŶųϵһҵһʿæرܡ
һֱڣŰܵľӶԽȺ
ʮʿ⵽߶һɫɻһλʿһȺ𵤡ԪӤС֮У˼
ĳΪԪ۹ǺǣλѣһЦֹͣѣмǫǫӵģֳǸԼΪ˵ǮԭеļǮϰۣΡ
ͻȻΪͬʶλ˱Է˼׷׾ֺѡɫ糣ЦǺǣ˵ֵѡֹοգԿ
ʱŵӷɽŵԣ˵ʱѵλǰ롭˵Ĺע֮£ʮλǰɽš
һԳǰ΢΢һЦ֮ǰŵ˵ϵǰϱɽŲҪɾõغ󣬱㰵Ըֹ̲֪ˣοأСջȥһʮɾһ±һǧٿ飬һǶ١
һһ˵ĺͷԷǰӣָͷ֪ĥʲôʵֵȲԪ۴ͷˡҹªšǺǣֹ֮ǳ׶ǧ֮ڣû˵лʿôһԪۣΪһɾ˹
һ߹ɽţѭʯɽ϶ȥһ˵ǰ˵ٻԺݣǿǻƧ֮أϳԷ˶࣬űΰ⻰û˵Ӻһ·֮ΪָԪԼǸǧȵȣɶûأԪ۹ݣٰ
ǼʮɾΣ⽻齻飬ˡû˵仰һ˾ᡣֻؾҲԣ
˱߱˵аԶһƬ޴ɽƺ֮ϣǰľ֮һ䡣
ֻƽ̹һڣһɶߵĶ¯Գ뵶ȱˡ䲻ԶͱϣС䡱֡ȥʮɣһŵĽ𵤡ԪӤӣ޲ɫܡ
ڶ¯ܣλʿĿбӡԶ⾲վһλߣɫңң˵ӼλѣδԶӭ¡
֮ʣһŷ˼䣬û´˴ԸɽţһȺ𵤵ɽƺͷǶ¯Ϊи߷Ρ롭
λͽ̡
һҳǡѲ۹⿴عЦƫԶ֮أ˳ֹҲѽŰݼǺǡ
ԣһԵ΢΢һŲǴ˶ѣ˴ʶһ̣˭飿У˳ֹûʲôԱţⲻ
Ǹδı˵ϴͣɫص˵ͷ˵ֹһᣡλԱ㡭ף漴˦תء
ඦ¯ʮɿĵϣһſڷʮӡȻ֪ȴǺһ֮͡Ϊ֮ͬʲҪָ𱰳ף˴ǫ֮ʣѰ˸£͵кѣ롭

һ֮󣬵ɽԪӤʿаɽƺϣжʮ֮࣬һǰϯضһͷ£ָţһȡɾô˱ҪȡʮɾĵճҲ˰
һԵһЦ˵Ǽʵ㵹˵һеļǮԷ۹бƬ˵ɾ
һ񷨱ٿɾǱص飿һƲƲǣ˵㻹ЩԪӤСĴ󷽣˼ңΪ˹ĦһǺġ
Ϊ˵ֹ֪ЩԪӤСɾΪ㾡һһ֮ڹĦ֮⣬ð
ڴʱڶ¯ǰһλʿ˹˵ΪԳ⣬ҷƺСÿһƷ˵ţᶶһƬâ䣬ЩԪӤʿǰȻһѰƷ಻ķɽ֮һл
ΪⷨӲһͷ˵ȻԷ⣬ᡣ
ǸŵĻʿص˶¯֮ǰӵĻ𡪡
Ŵٱ䣬ɹ̲Է⡣ɰٴڼ֮ɾ󾫡
ӦʱˣһûʵĿ֮󣬱λʾ£ͬʱյȥ֮ǡһԽĴ쳹ķǶ¯ϸͻȻ䡭
ڳһҲźصɴ˫ۡƣƸʲô
һ̣¯Ϸƻ죬֮УٿȻɳһˮͰСĶ֮ɲǣɫ˫伲ӣϡΧʮڣΪҵ֡Ʊ֮£ʹԹ۵ӲȻѡ
գ֮䣬ǽءľͰһɴСڶ¯һԵʮɸߴֹΪĹ졣һءľͰɳƼͳǡ顱һǰΪһ塭
꣬¯̷֮ɳءľͰһ̺Ԫķӳ֮£βϣȻһɳһɶϸֶ״޴ĳʯܻԲ޽ǣƣһʱʦͽһæµ
ʱ֮󣬶¯ָԭ״ɢȾˣΨ֮ڰоͣʱʱһĹâʱҪ׷ȥ
ŵʦͽƣȴɫϲӻվԵõ̧ͷת۹ӹܣȻ˵֪ûкΪԴԽ򡣶ƾۣȴ硣ΪˣҷѾѰطĳ꣬Сɡ
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ŵĿΪֹ
ӦƵ߰˰ˣ֮Եȵղһͣıһҫ٣һôΪ
ۿ첻Եֳ֮ΪСɣǴ󹦸أ
δ˿ףӱ㽫Ƶı֮ƺ۵֮Ҽ٩٩̸һֻҲջ
һ֮֮࣬ޡԭӳȺõ˰ﴨʦͽָ㣬ӵĻЩŵѡ
չȥɢʱͣ˸ȥ
һɽƺɽţۼڴ˵Ⱥ𵤡ԪӤʿɢһգֻмŵĵڹ͸λǰˡأ£⹰˹֣뷽ŵʮλѴкͷҲص̤ն𡣴Ƽˮ꣬ǸɣֻǸʵ
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һŽ뿪֮ǰǸɽȣ˳ٻڰͣһ֣˵ѣʮɾۡ
˻δǰǺЦѰ㲢Ϊ˷
һٿɾʮ飬һͷһ˦ӣ˵ʹ˱
æҽ˵ꡭԷҪߣֵֹĳϣǼҪˡ
ٶķɾʵڣһعЦһֻ֡
΢΢һ漴Ȼ̾ôһ֮εȵزŻ㡭ʮâ˳ȥԷֳ˳ӹһѷɽ
Ǯ˫ԸԳǺЦǸѷɽʮɾ
һüһΪȻرЦ˷żֵѵһʱڴ˴۷üǮ
˱ԣһһڣʵˣΪ
ܣɫԳɡ꣬鳤룬۹ⶢһ̽˵ֹԶˣɾĵرȴѶȡҴǰ
ǰλߣݣ뷢Ұףţ˵ɫԴ⡣һ˫һʣΪȻؿԶķ֣Է˵żһؾڣӦΪԶ䶨лԵκ֮Ȼն񡭡
һ۹б΢΢һЦƶԷŵǷ·Է֣Ԥϣ̧׳һ˵ֹһԵǰζᣬϤ㡭
һöƵͼ֮УһƬɽȣмģıǣ˿ȻԶʱ١Ƭ֮һÿɷʵ
˵ѧĳ˵ģ۰ͰһȤҡҡͷֻý׻˹ȥ
Ǻǣ֮һڣҴ·Ѱ¶һЦֵȥʤԵˣвֹ֪Σ
һ죬°˼ѵĺ⣬ȴ֮꣬עһػ˵ұһˣ롭
ĳ˵̬۵ףЦֹж񡭡ԷΪȻһͦţ˵кôʲá
˿ᣬƤǺʵݣȴЦͣʾȻˣұΪֹλеĵѣ
ߣһ΢㵣ֻҴɻ󡣼ȥĵطǷ֣оâһ

ʮ⣬һƧɽ֮У˵ȺڴˡһӿնԷӭ
ǺǣλֹļˣǵˣλλǹذѣλӤѣλҶѡæһһһЦݣͷԺɲ
ڴ˵ȺĲǶİߣһҶŮ֮⣬˽ƺйһ֮ԵǸӣ۹ʱʱɨʹһȻԼ飬ֻԵʣУЩΪöˣǰС
⣬ǸӤߣԼӦӵĻߣΪڵΪҶǸذˣǻڵΪһ֮УΨԼΪЩΣⲢԼĪνؾʲôòɡ
˴˺ѹߵ˼˵ĵ䣬̬˵֮ǰм仰˵ŵ֮ΪԾӡ޲֮⣬һϴ
Զ£ӽ˵ƵСɣȴȱһ̣ѿðǡؾͼ֮£١һתֵ̣ؽɾһֺĽʯУλһֻ֮۴֮ʣұȥգ
ӵ˼ҪѰһֳӡʯͷֻ̡һأԺڳĸλԿд֮㡣
ŵôԣ޲Ӧʡӵ۹ٴһϣ˵ҹ˻ʵɶȲѣֻʱڵ¡
˸֮ʣһŤͷˡɽȵķ羰
ʶлͬ¾б塢вߣҹ֮ӻδ䣬ͻȻȳ޵Դƣ
ȥǸֹȻ

ʮպĻƻʱ֣һƬĮͻȻһ磬֮ŹֵĴɶ೤һɴϸԲͰŹâɷ졣ͣһͷŻֱӡӤӦӡҶذ֮󣬽Ի׹ֱƬ֮󣬲һŻۡ˩ź«ðӰһͷ޵ۺ죿֮ھš
Ӻһ˵ֹˣЧƵһˣ仰ﲻмԵ֮ɫԱһ·ϣĳ˵ķл˵˲٣޴ӷʱ̲סͶԷǳָ֪߳һ
һâƾնû۶ʱӰһǰźûӣǺЦǺֶΣ֪Ǳܷתãϻʯ
ԺԪ۵ֹһˣԴˣΪȻ¶ߵģӷתΨֱ֮òҴȥ
û˴ĳ˱һܣ΢΢𣬸ѣͼϲǻɽ𣿴˴ᾡǻĮķԲ֮ããһƬ۴ϸɳһʯӶѰһеģʹӵͣ
˵Էһ߸ߵɳڣǰһ£¶ЦݡԳɲǸֹǶԶԶģæʾ˴ȺҹʱԼ
Ե桭һܲ࣬ɡ
δ𻰣Ǹ£Ϊƶ˵˴֮ƣδ֪ҵȲ䡭Ȼ˵ˣ壬ֻһüͷ


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ɳ֮ϣ˸ԾЪϢһһߣϽ«ŴĮķ羰
һ޼ʵĴĮɳƽ̹ϴɳƽк޲ηϦȾͷ׹ĺɫҹɫ٣ֱԲ𣬴ɫĹ⻪֮£Ĺء
һꡣ۹ʮǼһһӹӦʶ˴ΪļλԶԶû̸Ц޼ɵĵزα˴˼䲻֮
ǸӤĲӦӣԹֹأҶһµۺǵţ˹ģ̴棬ֻɫԴ
ذе࣬䱾ȴòѰʱʱ΢ЦֻЦʱĶ˴
һöѱ澿һδ֪Զؾһ˲ԶĮ֮Сջǽ޷رܡһͬˡ

ҹʱ֣»ˮ֪䣬˷ӿౡɳе֮
ɳϾˣһȻͬɫ㷣ȴ˵ÿеԲ֮ҹ˴ֳλѲؾšδ䣬ɵ򣬲Ѱ˴
˼ڴԲ֮ҹ;˴ֲöҶ԰ꡭ
ŷӿ¹ʡҶŮܵĶٳԶ˳ûʵؾУָ֪
˵뵣ǣֻ´ʱȥʮ⣬ذ΢΢һЦתŨҹ룬ֱһȥ
ʱΪҪˡ
ѭȥһʱӦ𲻵λֹշ𣬰ڳʱҪߵļƣͱʡӺҲģ˵ҵǡˣĪ⣿ѣαڡ
Ի˿Щε˵ȣؾɡھΣ֪˴ʾλ뿴
ڴʱǵأ¹ĮԲӰܣͻȻߵĵƻĺڹ˸֮Уɽȡľʱʱ֡ߵɫĵƻ𣬽һյߴСĵ̨Уâ֮ǡ
Դ֮ʣæкǡħɷ𡯣ΪؾĹؼڡλѣѰһ̨վȥ˵һȷɵһյƻǰ˫£ǵ̨³ʱҪ׹޵
Ч£޴󰭣漴ʾ²˳١Σ˲ٵ׷׶һԭڰУ˳һ̨ϣ
̨ɺʯͣΪľɡһбһֱ۴ϸħ߶೤ŭŵУһ㶹Сĺڻ𾲾ţĪ֮֮ƣη
вǰΣһζȻ³Ҫն𣬲ɫ΢䡣˫Ųֺ˵̨֮ϡæң̧ۿܡ˽ˣ˲׹뵽Ũ֮С
꣬Ȼһ䡣ȥ˵·һɽȣǰöͼ漫Ϊ¡һ΢Ĺâյ̨ͬʱͣ
̨ʮɣ˴˵״һĿȻ򶨣ӤӦӡҶذɫšһǴ·ɽȣ˵һһ
Ϣյ̨΢΢һħеٿȻǻҹգʱײһ֮ɲǣһ˶ĺɫ͵ըǿƶʱ˺·ǲâűǡһ˶Ȼ׹
һв֮䣬ǡ顢顱һ죬˳ȥ漴ͨǱصڵϡһǱʯ裬Ҫ˳վ𣬺ӷһƨȥȻ̧ͷ
һʮɴСɽһɸߵڶڲ֪ͨηɽ룬յ̨һ𣬵ƻԷĵĺڹ⡣֮⣬ֻĿ㵵ˡ
Ƭ֮ԹزӦڵվ£ŲԶӤ˵˵ӦΪԶµؾɣ䰵ؽƣ޴󰭣ԷϥĬĬ˵ͷص³ͣհˣ
Ӧת˵ҵȶԴ˼֪٣Ѷͽ̣˵Ĺڳ˽عβԲԾ͵ضյƻңңš
ڳ˽ԿΪи˵˭϶Էҡҡͷɫ˵Ҳǳٴ˵ء
Ӧ΢΢һ漴Ӥ˸ֳڵĶڵһƳתһȥ˼
ҶͲסʵѣ˵˴ɾ˭뾹ƾܲ⣬
ذĵƻЦ֮ʾִ֮ˡ
ɫ̾һ˵ҽ˿ӺͬĪϷ飡԰գ۹ӹɽλֹʯбţ޴ãȻ
ԼΪʸ֮ģæķ֣Ц˵λҺйֻƵԸֹԵ˴ΪԶؾҵδĴ̽飬Ҷ϶ûбأ
һϯ˵꣬ӦûЦݡһ£ε˵λѼȻĴɻ󣬲ɽţһ֮ԻᰲȻʧˣ˵ţΪغһȥһӰѴǸڵĶʧ
ɽֻʣˣյƻһʱ֮䣬ﾲ
ĬƬ̣ӴżǸ˵ǴѣԲڴ˴սһ񰡣λԵԵԱ㡭վ˫֣Ŀбӣŷ˶ڡ
ӦӿһӤԷޱ顣ذȴӵǺЦһָ˵ܼΣܲܽ˶һԳҶɫһ˵ѣҽͬС
ذͷζЦЦתٲǰҶȥ
ɽڣʣˡ
ӦӤ漴˫˫һˡ
һƶһ޶ԣ԰аţϽ«Ҫѹ
ֹڴ˴ƣ߳ѰһĪҪռԵ
һ˫ˣֹ˿ھƣתӦһЦ˵ǺǣĸҲɽһΣԵλȣ
ӦӰһӤ۹һ˴˻⣬Լͬվһ˵ľֹδ˼ؿյ̨
ǡڴʱǳȼϨĵƻͻȻһյ


875 
ǵƻϨһ˲䣬һͷ͵һӦӤͬʱԲĿɫ΢㵡
ɽĵ룬һյ̨һ̨͸ż־¡ĵƻֻʣյҹɫɫĻ⣬ǡֻįۣ͸գֱ¶Ѱ
֮ʣɽڵȻһ䡣ˡһУû˵ƻĵ̨аѪ漴¡ת֮䣬ڵĵʵʣյ̨Ӱޡ
Ȼڵյ̨Ӧӽסһʶ֮УʲôʲŵһУ
˲ö룬ӦæתˡӤͬĿȻһʱ޴롣ǸֹƣǴӵɫɲ
ڴʱ΢ĽŲ̤ƳŶһȰӰڵĶ֮УǹذŶڵˣʵȻڴ˴ɼҶѷءδ˵꣬ת̨ɫ΢΢һƻԵһյ
֢δѣӦӲʵҶǰųɽ᲻䣿
ذһ¡Ӧӣգ˫ۣصҶҽУͷ㲻ӰһΪӷأ˭ϲˡ仺ͷ˵Σʵˡ
˴ذߵԭĵطȥ꣬ǽյƻЦЦ
Ӧӿ˿ذתӤ˴Ƭ̣ת˵ֹǷһ⣬Я֣ɱݡ
һ۹ӵ̨ǸذӹӦ˺ͶڵĶڡδһƲ˵˵ˣҵС
ӦɫһȴٳӤ˵Ī⣬СΪϣ鳤룬ͷӦգƽϲ١
žɽڣԭĵطӦӤɢʶԸŹΧһһ硣ذԶһлĪĬȻ
һٹע̨ǵͷɫ΢ȡ˫ֽӡɵϢ˴ħƣѵһ
֪Уһʱȥеһ˫ۣ˿ǡڴʱжŤͷȥɫΪ֮һ
ҶɽƣɫãȻʾ⣬漴ذʵΪҶȥ
ŮӵͻȻòӦΪ죬ʧûԶӤ벻ȴǸŵ˵ͷ꣬˲ԼͬתذԷЦɣȴԴɬң˭
Ҷҡͷأ㷲߻صԼĵط£ųһʵĲӦ˵ҳɽ漴û˷ȴѲ˹ذѵӰֻôҴҷء
ӦӻȻɫԻƳӤ˵ǰǴ˹ذѣԷɫ۹ȴǵ̨ʧĵط˼
ذһɲЦݣ˵ֻ´˷˲հ
˵ĻﲻϲӦӲΪȻغǺһЦתҶ˵˼ħءħߣš£ʵ㷽Ƿ֣Ӷȥ˺δ
صɽ֮ŵյںɫĻӳ֮£Ҷƴࡣȱʧĵ̨˵ڶʲô޴֪䡣ǵã˴յƻΪˡ
ΪˣԴӵ뵽ɽ֮Уһж޷⡣Ӧӻӽǰ˵һȻʹҶͿ
ʱ֮󣬾˽̧ۿ򶴿ڡ
Ų죬ٽڵʱȻֹһӰ֣ȥδˡûϤЦݣֻһ⣬ﻹһˣȻӡ
ͨһڵϡϾȻ˶ʱ
Σɽ˷׷վӤкذЦת䣬ɫҶԻңһʱ޴룻һüĬֻвӦ̧ǰȥʵ˺£
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ӦӲҪͻȻǰֹδذڰ֣̾˿˵;Уӵѵźֻ̡ǰϱ˴꣬ҼļӺȴвˣλɣ˴˺
ꡪ
Ļ䣬ŵ͵һһ죬ͻȻðһɫĻ棬Ǿʬ֮˲ȼմӣǸŵԼĸˣȻ˷ɻҡ
˰ŵؿǰһУʧڵ˱˹֪ŵһ˵ˣæħɷʵϡǰش⣬ʱҷء
Ӧͣ˽ŲӤҶذԼǸֹԸһ̣ͬļƣҪѰ鷳֮£һΪĸˣ˵ˣܲΪ֮㵡ٳؾ֮ߣ̡
֪ڣ޳ħɷδšһ黯Сħɷ𣬵ǽ˺氡ӦӼҪѣ顣ͱʵҵڲƭˣкͼıʵȻһ
ɫٿĪ磬ס˦䣬޺˵Ҵǰؾеɷһֻ֪ӵѵĴͽ̲мʶָʮĵ̨˵ӵ˵˻ԶţǷֻҪ״աҾʵؾΪβɾ뱦ҡǵյΪһ
һڲӦӼ˵侮ʯ֮ӡܶͬʱʼڽһһԷÿһ仰ÿһ¶񣬶䴧Ȳѡ
ӦȴɫͷӶˣ˵һֵԼת䣬ɱһʢ߳ߣҶ㻹öͼ򣬲ؾ࣬ʱ
ǰ⼸λԷ֮Ī˵ĸˡٹ˲ѯʵ̨Σ˵ͼ򡭡˵䣬϶һȴ͵顣ʱ䣬һâӰٿȻȥ
״ӦӴŭҪ׷ȴ˳Ȱ衣ԹӤַ룬ڴʱ˵Īçײмƣ
ӦͷһŭϨͬΪΪһ٣ˣȨ֮ʱ˻Ȼʧĵ̨С
ڳļѭȥֻذϴĪЦݣָŽյ̨ԭˡ
ؾ֮У԰յ̨͡ذ˵ÿյ̨ӦһˡǷʧĵ̨ӵһյ
Ī֮ʣⶸȻҡڴɲǣڳ˽ͷһסɴ˫ۡ
ǷóĵƻϢ֮䣬һյ


876 Ͷ
ɽڣžأ͸
ŵƻϨյ̨£ת˲ӰޡӦģӶݶȥ

Ҷڴɫҡذ˵ʧĵ̨һյ֪һڳ˴㵲ѡΪ˻δ
һҶȻ۹ӹӦӡӤذˣ͵ؿڵĶڡתɣֱȥӦӤ˸ɫ˽򶴿ڡ
ɽڣʣյƻɫˡ
ҶƽٺԾδ
ذĬĬܣתǸıӰ΢΢ЦЦеƻ

ʮɳĶ֮һӶȻһᡣ̤նȥһԡͻȻ˲ӦӤӰ˸Ͼ˼ܵΣһͷǱӿޱߺڰ֮С
һתͫǰ֮⣬ӦӤԭضȦӣһʱ԰Ѻľɣȴ˴ѰԷ
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ȥʮɣһפʱĶڣܵɽʯȮ״һɵĺɫʯɽںڰ֮С
һĽһ㣬ڿնת˲֮䣬ʯɽ֮ϡ
صס⣬סʶʹããȻ֪·ǵأĪĺ䳹ǣʹھԨĻ㱡ֲ˵ˡ
һ»ˣгâ
ҹɫ֮£޴Ĺȵ﷽Բݲļ쳣ʯɽΧļ֮⣬տҰһĿȻǧ⣬æС
һ˲䣬һԸ⡣ͻȻ뵽ʲô漴һԾʯɽֱ·ǸڡͬʱӦӤв˲δԶУͬæ˻
һӦӤǰɽ֮ڡһУĿ
ذһ˾ţϹŹЦݡԶյƻį綹ȴΨҶӰֻǣǸŮӴӲֹֻ֮ǰڵǿطмưδѪ̴棬ȴΪûתۼ䣬һ޼Ѱ
ӦӾ̧ٳɽȵذԭףͬʱӤͬǷ֡һƳԱһʲõضס˶ڡһ˵ĶȻüͷ
λǰɱ練ƣֻذϳЦ֮⣬ûзֺľ⡣˵ˣ֮ͬ顣ɷҷ˵һ
ӦӤ۹ʾ£ֳλֹ˵ͷ俴ʱҷ֮ɢɭȻƣⲽǰ˵˾ǸסʵȻһе͡׼˰ˡʱ;УҼһһͣΪǶ˰йᣬ´˾ݺҵȡȴʱʧ״αҴǰĲ²ʧƫġ
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ⷬиɻȴڴʱԱ粵
ذֹЦЩɬƬ̣Ȼ˵ΪģΪģ˵ˣ˵ġ˵벻˵ûλְɡ飬ҽһһ׮£һˣʱǺεȵĿֻ
ͬ죬ۣͬ˲ͬԣˡذӦӵһף쳤ӵȻʲô֪ˣһ˵أҪǷָȺˣ˭˭
Ӧһϣһʱѡɱ˹ذ֪ǰһУɱˣеֵ»
ҶôģذΪ֤Ҵߣһ֪˰Ī޿֣
ӦԾϣɫһ䡣æһʧˡһӤһضŵ̨ǸذǾ⽥ŨǷϵ˵һ
ԭһյƻ𣬼ȻбߺͻȻһѪ⡣̨֮΢΢һٿȻ¡ʣµյƻ
ǰһ˿ڡҪתӦӲɵطԸΨͬͬˣŲΪ¿ɳֹ֮ذҶǰȥѰ䣡
һͬͬˣ˴˹໥䱸ǴʱΡȴҲõķӡǸذվЦҴһƱȴǲת˲㵽˶ǰӤǽ󡣲ӦӴߴһǰɽ
һأӦӡӤذçײЧһֱڿն𡣲꣬˱ͬʱ䣬漴ɶݶȥ
ҹɫ֮Уһâ֮ðһΡ̤նɫɡǰİԶһŵĺ֮Уһˡ̬ΪϤǸ˭
һϢ󣬲ӦӤĬĬ˸ȴĴǸֹϢ󣬹ذ˵Ľǰ
ڰ֮δ쳣ӦӤգ˫˫ǰȥذҪͻȻ˳˵թ
һ٣ŷλֹûиӤɫӦӿŲԶŵӰʵթɣααذƲź쳣Ȼ˵ʬΪħΪв֪˭
һ̧ۿԶڰеһ˷롣룬˵ˣҪᣡ仰ָذû޷ڳ˽Ӵ˽٣ӦӺһ߳ʶգɲľԱӹš
ˣӦӲδóȻ£ǰһָһ׾ٵشźת˲ΧŵϵӰ״ͷһвٻطɽɫһ䣬ȵ˺󡭡
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һʱ⡣ֻűҵĻٿȻʧҹֻʣŨص֮þòȥ֮ģвӦӵķɽʬ
Ӥ㵲ذɫңӦȴ̾űħɷ𣿿֮ܽΪã԰Ӻ졭
һתȥлͫһ˸ͣ﷽Բľ޴ɽ֮УΨһĺʯɽͻأ˫üʶżֳζӻ˵ǵ̨ȼıħɷȡˣɰӺ죬Խ˻ɻң
Ӧ֪ĳ˶ŵɲΪȻذһǰ鿴ŵƬطĪ˵ɻңħɷʲôû¡
صʱ򣬲ӦǰһذУӤ󣬸ԴŽնС˰յĹ򣬽ɽȲ鿴һ飬վһ񡭡
֮£һٴ˺ʯɽǰطڵһ˲䣬ԵζȻһ֮ĽŲ̤ǧĳţʹ˵ͷʱ
ʮɵĶڣĵƻӳһ㣬㣬㡭


877 Ȼ
ĵƻҹɫеĵǹ⣬Զ䣬Ī⡣
ƻδ𣬲ʵšͬһڵˣԼͬذ˿
ؾ֮УΣϣɽΨһŵڡڴˣ
֪⣬⣬ɽˣԻصԭЪϢĵطߣÿ˻һյԼĳơ
ĸϥ˵¾ţƣؽúЪϢһ
ʱתۼؾĵڶաɽڼž򡭡
˷һȣ˫۾ٿȻ漴һ˿ҵɫյ̨һ١
Ӧǽŵɫ滺ࡣ鳤룬˵Դ˿˶£ұ˴ͬһ໥Ӧ㲻⡣ֻ¸µԲ֮ʱ򾳿ɽҲ
Ӥ΢΢ͷͣһĬֻйȲΪȻˣּˡ
ʿ˷֮ˣ޼ɣȴͲסظŻĻ˵ӦӦӺһ˵ҵȼȻͬ۹ã㲻ذֹղеԭί˴˲¼ɶ֦
ذ۹ӵ̨ƿһһӹڳˣתǰĿյأǷеԭί޷Դ̤ǵ̨һ̣һб޷ء
һţ˼ӤתյƻɫӦɫһʵ˵ǵ̨Ρ
ذÿɷһЦ˵䲻ħȴ˵һԶŵķΪԵǵ̨֮ŵģǴ˵еħ
һذӦӵĴ㵣Թ˽˵Ул֮꣬Ϊ費ȴΪʱλԪ֪꣬˵Ǽ١
벻ذдһ˵ӦӤæ鿴ڵΡһδңֻɫԲ졣
꣬ӦʧԪƶһħ΢΢ϸۣѷԶӤȻʧȻ˴˵ľһ޶
ذЦϲǱԶħдۣȴͽ޹ÿһˣͽκΡ
޷ɽ⣿Ӧʧȥ򶨣ȴġ
ذ˵Զħлķͨвͬǵ̨лƵһ֣ѽҵ޷ɽ⣡
ħΪ˭УΪ˭裬֪ӦӵɫЩɤŽԹ޵Ļ֪ɰ⡣걻ɼ
ذɫɣЦλʬ޴棬Ǭ䶼£˰ȴʼղԸֳ̧ۿӦӡӤһ͸Щĺ˵Ǹˣ㣬㣬㣬ֻǣˡ
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ذ£˵˻Ըˣŷֶɱ֮˴ϵЦݺȻˣָǰ˵Ȼڴ˴
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ûκεףһʿôûˣһеķȴ˻Ȼ޴롣͵ĲӦӺתһԣȵ㡭
һδȴץһֻǬ䡣ˣһ㶫ӦӤԻ˵ң
ֻǬ䣬Ӧӵ׹һ߳ذǰ˵˾ڴ˴˭
һɫȻǬ䣬ڵذ˵˻еһλ䣬ӦӲ̧ۿӤԷŭһ
ǰ˻ǲ໥¼ɡһӵվֵذ˵ɽڻˡ
Ӥʱ£ַ˵ʶǧ֮ãȻǾϲ֮ˣɽڸز°Ӱֺٽذ֮ڰŪǷǡ˵ţЩƳ۲Ӧӣǰһһ˵һˣΨΪ˵ûаػģ˭ţ
һüͷһ壬ƲƲ졣ǰʩչݷʱΣ˲ɡûΪֻ˵Ķݷðˡ
ӦӺȻæӤͷʾǸ⣬漴Էһһұλֹɱ˵ԼǣǴ˰
Źۿֱؾ֮УĿ˵һһȥһʼճΪƣԲģɴʱ˵أĸ˾ȻͬʱѣǿŵĻֳ̧ɷżſƣԼûУҲΪӸû鼰ΪĻʿٽذ֮Σ˭˵ɽڱز¸ˣǵ̨֮±
԰գһӦӤųȵĲɽĵȥأԲģżȻ߳ȱĩãһֻõŵ໥¼ɣȫȻȴ˻µĸԴڡ˵̨
ͻȻһСѵ⣬ӦӤΪ裬˫˫һֹ˵ȴûеǰΪξų̂أ
٣˾ĪǴľηȥ˳ӣĴҵȥܣ޷ʹȻ˵ͷм˻ȥ
򣬲ӦӤ룬ٳһѷɽ
һѵյ̨Զؼʱ򣬻ԼͷȻٲ׾˼ɡ̧һףĵâٿȻɽĽǲټ˫չƱҪ
ΣӦӤֳŷɽ˹
ڴ˿̣յƻ𲻷ȺͬʱٿɽһƬڰ
̨δ٣ƻ𡣲ӦӤʱԭأ˫˫ɫ䡣ǰ˽һֵԼˡ
Σ䣬һгâȻϷɳϸ΢ĺڹ⣬ͷһæȵСġ͵ȥɽڿ
˻Ϊ֮⻹һ״ȫʩչΪХ˿˿׹⳶ƺڰɷ֮Ͳɵһϸ΢ĻУϮ֮ƵȻ޴档ӦӤȴΣĽٻȻԭãȻ޴롣
һ˲ö룬ӦӣͬʱӤһĽ˹ȥ裬ٿȻ˵ڡת֮䣬Һλĸħɷ֮лΪҽ
顪һ죬ɷʯڵϡ
ˡˡһУɢ
һ˫أתеĳâ͸ڰɽڵξ۵ס죬̧ץһǬ̡
ɽĵ룬յ̨٣ֻһڹ⻬ҼӲ쳣ĵ档
һŲæ˫Ų濪ֳһġǬȻɣɽһƬɫĹâ֮С
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һܲ𣡱Ϸˣʼ׹ѱߡò˹һֻʣԼذ˵̤ϵ̨һ̣Ȼ١ӻû¶ûꡭ
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һΪȻһ˫ŵ̨ڵǿطݺȥ
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һ죬һڹ⣬͵صʹһסһǿ⻬ʵĵ棬
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һüɱأѪǰ˼ᡱһƵءվ¼ʱƬƬ״¡֮ƣħƶ֡
ɣһ°ڣҽţ͵¶ȥȵơڴɲǣȻһɷڵӰٿȻ桪

һ󣬵ڹըѣһεĽƱ
ߣӵġרƽƣвһ⣬ڼӲĵ涸ȻѿһڡҵαˣȻ
ֻѿĻ֮УͻȻðһյյյ̨ƻȼֻյ̨һ𣬻еڡ꣬ħŻ漴һӰ
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˵ڵɽһɲһ˵̨Ρһ˿ħڣͼԪꡣȴذ֣֪ͬӶ˱̾ʹڳһȽǰػߡ
ʱβһҴ⡣ɽԼ໥¼ִʱһֱڰжԸڵ״
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˵֮ʮ֣ɷ׻ڵĵķǷڡдηħɷ֮⣬ڼƣδɣȴԶԸȱħ
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ؾ֮Уеɾ뱦һ²ֲµ֡ʱ;Ӽοƹʵƫ̻Ļܲɡ
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һŹÿ˵һһ˶ԹذĲ¼ɡҶ֮ʱ˵г˾Ŀ־壬ҶɲκεĻر粵Ϊޣר֮ϤħĿɲ
ذǾ仰ǰһ˼Ըˣŷֶɱ֮ǸڱĶͬ˼ɡ
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Ӷһ޶ã۹һ˿ɫ˵̫ˣá˴ģһ֪ʲô
һ˵ͷһĨЦӻ˵֪թֻûϵᱻħɷȥΨͬ³ֿ˷ѣ䱾ԵͷӡЦֳͼȴԴ˼һ֪Ȼƭ
ӹڵ̨֮ϣͬȣ
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һȻһУȴΪ²⡣²ͻȻΪʵͷһ˲ʶԷʵæ־ȵ㣡
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һ£͵ԾӰʧֻɷһźƼϮȥ֮գۼĺ
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һգִһɱŰӶʱһŷ֮СʱҴҪǰȴ͵ͣסɴ˫ۡԷ͵ɱ޶ԣǴ伱ӣ˫ַɿһķѸӳӡƥ֮Ȼ𣬽˻̿Ѱ
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顪
ײϰ׻˲䣬Ѱ֮УǬ˲һ¿ŭϮ͵ص˳ȥͨһºݺˤʯ֮ϣѪ㱣Գ֡
󷨲٣ɢնλζɫȻǱһɵдżȻ߳ʵԶšħӡ˭
һӵԲץɷԷ˵ġħӡĸ֣ɵһҡ졢ءˣʽħӡԼ̣˼ҲһۿߣΪƶصħӡ
ħӡһ۹ӹܣԼħӡ裬Ǽ᲻ɴݵǬ֧顣ҪʽԼûħӡӻһƾѪⰡ
вգֹҲ
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ЦδֹӰסһȥ·ͷһδһˡ˲䣬ǰʮ⣬վһģһӡ̬ԼΪȫһ£ֲ˴ˡ
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ӣֻһ˳һתˣ㵲ѡԷƻӱˣȴɷ죬Ц͸żĪϲɫ
Ԫ룬һһ֪Σɱһ˵ֵˣ˿ڣ߳˭ˣ
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һ꣬۹ҳ򡣴ǰȥӣԭֻһ߷ѱķʵ̾Ϊֹ
ħӡ˶⴫ʩչħӡʩչİ׻ӡΪӡ֮һ㼴㲻ҵˣħеĺˡ
һ˵һתе˼ϣڳȻ״ȴɵĪҪΪ˴ͨ£ԶħڣԺη
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ͬʱһӡķɽڡ
һŽ͵Ϯ֣һ͡Χ֮ǣһʱԶаɱСۿΣڵϦӰͻȻһΪǡƼ˫Ѫħеɷ֮һŭȣɱű
顢顪
һķڱصõһҹȻը顣ӡķаĲٿػý磬ٴαıûһɱ
һĶǵ͵ϮԸ߷һ˿ϵȻתȻа˫üбѪʮһƴļơ
ŲԶǸˣа΢㵣̧ٻյ̨Եޣӡۿۣȴúʿ˱ᣬ˭뷽ŵһȻøΡ˵вʹָ⡣ʶ֮ǿȺʿĻͫ޵츳ͨħĺˣֺαɱֻһָͨ˵Ϊ練ơ
һɫаջؽ˵Ψ̫̫֮ƽ̫һľˡָ㣬ԵվȻֻһָ궴쾳Ϊɶɡ
ľָıˡɡɾΪ쾳񲻾ɵһǿڣʸһˣ˭ģѹӻΪ֮һУɵջ˳԰
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а׹˸һӣӡʱ䣬һֻɴСźڳɫĻ棬ɲƣХȥ
䡪һǡضײҹлһɫ磬֮쭾˷ɽȺХ졣޸ȸͬھɲǣһֻޱϮһԽס͵صɳȥɡ˼ͷվ˲Ѫӿ˻𣺡ģ
аʮɣһĸꡣһӰ˭İٴβҪ˹ͻȻ˾ǡ統֮꣡䣬䶸Ȼѣӡյ̨ߵħɷɭȻ֮ɲǣǰѪէ֣С


880 ؾħ
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һħӡͬʱתͫʵʵâ֮£аǲ޴ءͬʱһȸѴСĻָ˼żʽӡٿȻһϸСĻЮ˿˿׹֮ƣᴩ͸յ̨ڴ˲䣬Ȼֻһ˺˺ڰűһòħХȥ
һ̣аֻǰѪããصԶźĵɱ¾սֱ񼤵֧֡
츳ֵͨһɹʱ˵ˣֻԼҵ겻ã˵ľȲ
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֪ǴյĽɣֻصη壬аʧأսⲻ١
ڰ֮УϸС֮յƻȻһȻ̨ڡɷ׻Ȼʢ
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֮ǰħӤԪŵһ׵Ļ治׳ЩĪڹһ˿ºʱɷ׻𣬱һͷǱŵľޣͶĪ⡣
֮⣬аһ߾Ѫ֮һ뱻ħӤԪɣһ뱻ԭԪɡ£֮зһµɣԭеع沢ڣΪ졭
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һգȫִͣӸԸΪūΪأǧĿЩĵ˼ֵ˳ɡһתɣȻ˵أߡ
иѾˣס龫ֵǧԼؿ𣿶һųڣȻʶƲȻܾ

طɽ֮Уſյܣһꡣ񱼵ļ֮У̻ȺΣ޼˻ʧӰ١
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ɽĵ룬ʯңһߴСĻڡаɴʱκǾޡױٹ԰ܣɢħȴŨ
һƬ̧̣һץǡһ㣬еʯ͵ر߸һ֮зɳ伱ء
žһУʯ䣬һκ˶ܡ֮δ֣Ųվһͷ£Ӧ䡣ͻȻйâ֮㱻һǿݺ˦˳ȥ
Ȼ֮䣬Ｑתһ˲ö룬æڿնֻɳɫԶܵΣٲȻʱڡ
ȵµԲ֮ʣôؾ
һڰнع⣡漴ΣǰһϸɳУһڵĶǷŵ֮ħ뵣Բ
ʶ֮Уһ̺ħĺɫͷС״ɽʯ滹Σ
һٴץȥͷֵһ˲䣬ɣĳ뾫ħʹһⲻаµĺǣӦԶŵ޹ǡ䱳̻ŹӵΣȻա¡ˡȸ䡢Լ׻ͼʻªȴһɱ档
״һĿ¶ϲɫա¡˵ͼϤ뵱ħڣ׽ٹɽû˵ָģħӡȸӡӡӡ׻ӡǵаħӡǬħӡȥ˺δ
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ôЩаδħǣؾһʶ֮ȴħ裬Ρգٴԡ
һеħͻȻڵϣ䱾˾ȻƾʧδԭֳȻ͸ЩŹֵЦ⡭


881 ҵŮ
ɫɳϣϥһһ鲻۵ɰҡη紵ɹ붷תƣأԲΪֻлץǿڵħǡ˫Ŀ΢أ΢΢𡭡
ʶǿд͸ħһͻȻصǸϤĺڰɽ֮Сʱ漴ǽסΪ֮񼤵֮ǰһУôһССħ֮С
ħԳأһħ磬ٲǬȴΪ졣ö룬аǲطڴˣԲҹɷ֮忪ٷų̨Ͷв֪ΪѰһؾ̤ϵľȻһ·
룬аָΪƾħӡͨٽħΪУĪ˵򣬱ǳưԽδ֪ʱŹһνħˣֹֻĴͷˣ
һ΢Ϯ𵭵ɳһɫĮ𡭡
գȻƽһü˫ۡĮɫɣΨоҪԽصֱ͸޾ͷ
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һΪǵصͷ̵һ´еջ񣬺÷̧ͷȥĮǡ췭ظɳֱسɻ硣
Σһ֪طȥˡȱɾΪħħӡԼƷķŵȵȣؽִޣӻѰһƧڱչΪá
һϵĶҡֱǧɣͣķĮĽ﷽Բ֮ڽԱɳ֣ľڱڡΪĺƴ׳̧ۡͷһ㵭ɫ绷֮⣬ԶǳĿǺڵġǡƹʣ߸͸żֵĪ⣬ңɼ
֪ΪΣֻҪ̧ͷǸ״µǣͷ¡һһڣѰһȥ֮⣬һǡ
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˵Ÿ·һǽӽ˷籩ıԵɳĮ֮ǣ֮⡣ʶɵ÷ȥ¹
Űݵķɳ֮УһڿһͷߴڵأβӣΧ˺üȦһٸ׳ڷغţҪʲôˡ
ĵ룬һɳе߼类ƷûӰֻһ¶ŮӾһɪɪȴץһȲ֡ܵЩ׳Թ˲ϾɵԽӽǺһ˱ڼ尾бܴݲСȴû֪ҵķɳԶȥ
ҡһв𣬱ûںХķ֮С֮ɲǣϵŮӺͬҶ˰գգʧããɳ֮Сܵ׳ʧɫѣȴһ޲ߡ
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Σͷ;˴һ˳ְһѡŮڳϣӰɢܵĹâԶȥ߳һĨϼɷ޹
лɳ
ڳһлƲС
ʱ⣬գһߵľɫζżֵЩ׳ĺӣλнදĻʱ
лɳ
оһŮȥ֮ʣһɻ״·Ⱥ
װκ֮ϣһɴŮֳȿʮͣüԶ죬ӣɫ𪣬ò˫̻¶ţ֮˰ˣ͸żſҰԣһ͵ƣ
ǽس೤ȲƷһǶıʯһһ˳д֪ʲôó
һٸ׳УУмǱȴʧ뺷ȻǰŮҵɳеЩлв֪
⻹һ˻еļƣȴԼɣһӶ䣬˫ֱȥԳΪŮӽֵɳȣǹʦ֮λл
Ů£򲻿ɡǸŮӻδ䣬һ˲ɳ˵ϳһ仰Ǻųһλʦܵˣ˾Ǹ뷢Ұ׵İߣӵϾǽɫδߵһֻæȰŮջس
ʱ˼ŮԻȻ֪롣
˵ظ΢΢һͦ˽ԴͷȥȻƣֳǽӶ߳ߣ˹ʦΣ˵𣿽ճβɥɳѴ̣Ҫ˴ȻһЦŷ벻ջ󣬳δԶȥһ˵ֻбľˣŵǺŹĹʦɳĪҪƴǡ
Ŀô˾һɵ˰СǹϳԼܵΪˡһصĹʦǸڵʿȻ⣬ҪĪˡ
һԺ֮ʣЦѽŮѵһŶɳģᣬ˼ϲɡҴ˰ɡ֮УǽСǧ֧Сģüɫ裬˶ⳡż¡
ðɣ߶·׶̾ʵһ˵Ǳ겻ɢ
һǧᣬʵλʦźεȵΪŮΪģЦ˵ԳΪԱˣвɳŵֶθ
Ϊһ΢΢һ漴ɢʶʮڵһСԪӤʿӰʼ֮ΪһûС֮ڣһҵʿܷ˵ʹλʦſڴƻơ˼£ʵǺڣ
̧ɵ°̬ͣˡǰһ㣬Ȼʾ֮⣬Ǻųǣ
ǰ߼ˣ˵ϳһԡ
һ߳࣬ٸΪǰʦ˵Ĺְ԰գɵطԸ̡ܵǻ׳ȻӦŵ۹ףȻһЦɫɵһ˵ǺŹмŮŴĮµ뱦ʯɳֲ˼
ɳĮŹЩԨԴһΪȻҡҡͷǿӶĹʦͷüƽϡҪﳤȥɫһתԣȻȥΪڴʱдһж̬ʮЦ
ٺ٣ҵŮĮеǺǸ߹ʥӣҲԶֻΪػΨһŮҵ


882 Ż˭
ЦһӰس˰֮С̬֣Żɴۣݻ󡣶룬ҲȲ
һǵĹά֮󻺻Σдⷺģ˫ִ޾ǻ֮˵ҵʦչ֮УϤĮ籩ͣĻҰæ֮ңҵĹŮȻ
ԭеģĵҪĳ˭λԳƹʦ֮ټһͨʽΪԹغ޺Ͷ֮һƳһ˫вɲǣͻȻɫһ߬еŭ߳ˣܣڼߣȽᣬȴӱն١㣡
ƿڴ֮ǰǸ߹޵ŮˣڳӽԹײƶһ˾ռߡ˺һȴ°ͣɫζĲλڵʿŮͻı£
ԳΪʦ˫أŽǰϳΪص˵ͷŶһķʱ죬ĵЦӭǸ߸ϵĹԹҵع˵̢̡ա㷢йǣҪЦ˵˴̧ףʱȴƤͻȻһ鴤ɽϣĿɿڴԭءһŻ˩ƺ«˺˳ǴһĨĳЦ
һĹ򣬹ʦȻסֻһߣȴǲȻʧСӡ
һǰ滺վɫһ򣬹ʮˡϻӣˡԼﴨţ䲻ʱ˿̣Զλȫ޸˷緶ĹʦĪʧٵĳӣ
벻ڴ˴꽻Ĺˡ䲻ΪҶڴĮ֮гΪ˹ʦΪһŮԵ˾ִ˲ƣĵزʱǨ˷ǣһɫ˵ӣһ²нң԰գ˫֣֮¶Ȼοն𡭡
գͼƤΪȻغǺһЦãȻ޴˰һȥС׷ʦָһ࣬ɫ̡һŷе˵ع֮ƾãٺ٣ͷδ䣬裬ȽȽ˵ķ׿Ȼգùɣŭֻнһա
ǧɣһĬȻ·ߺȣűɳѴһöͭһͷͷǽɳյȥɳ֮ڻѵĴǰСѪĮ
һʮذνʱۣͽκΡŴЦĳӳʮİСһƳһۣ˵ʮ꣡
ӻ벻ذ˰֣ЦŶǧ꣬˭ǵµͷԷΪȴһʱǳ
һϸ¶˵Ц⣬˵Ҳİ꣬ȴ˺ܶ࡭ȴʮǰ׮£ɫ䣬ת䣬˵Ҿһн˺ͻΣͷй¶ҵϸʹɢˡŰӡī롢ɢ˲Ԫ񡣱֮£ԱԪӤøʬ޴档ĳΧһ
ŵôԣϵЦûˡ
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ҡҡ˶Դŵʵ˵ǼλѶˣһﴨء
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һɣЩؽѵ˴ʶ꣬ط걾׮£޶ָأ˵ˣСҿŰӵ˽ǻڵΪǰҵ³ֽһЦΪǵ˵СӣҶ֪֪ףǷͼ仹ǲذڳǰ˵ļƣһС߳ʱش
һĬƬ̣ǳƻɢ֮ɲǣüɷƣɱʱƬա
б䣬ȻףСҵѻ񡭡漴ֺ˵԰ƣ㾿ǺΪ
һ˵һ䣬ǲ㰵йţа䲻ʵĪӷ飡
Ǿһ˼ҡҡͷһ˿ϧ˵˵ԵǸоݣõһȥ˫һʣں˵̶ʮ꣬޳Ԫֺαأǰԭί꾡˵ܰһأȻһɢһҪæȥŮٺ١俴һһСˣΣŻ˭
һɷأٷϻȻӶ˫ּһ˲䣬δھкһէ֣űɱȻ¡
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һĬɱȻ˫ֻӶͣһʽħӡԱڵʿҿӵħӡΣգۼһգĿĹâ֮£ﲻöΡ
ͷһп಻ֻϧԼĻԪŰӵͬھˣȻ˵æҡֻС
顪һĺ𣬳ӱɶŷըӰʱ˳ҵĹâ֮С
һΪϲͫâٴμʮ֮䣬ˡաӡһɫľ޸Ȼ۵һʮһա
һ˺ѷεĴ̶Уձ޸һںڵķ϶ͬʱһӰ촷ۣһֳʧɫͷһƳ漴ƿһѴҹյããԶһ׷ȥ
ʱֶ黯ķٴӡ
ֱбϡ֮һɽ֮УţĳȲͣǰ˱죬ɱأԲɢ׷ôˡ
һڣ޵ؽеǺĸˣʶҵȴ㲻˫ۣκΡּ˼ڣһĪĸп̾İǰĺһϣһδɵСӱƵ޼ƿʩ˭뵽İ龰֣ĪⱲעҪ۸δ˵꣬סԹԹھݵʱ򣬱֪СӵһӤվһҪҵ֮ϰʶûдǰ˭㲻㡭
ҪҪҴΪתλŮһתɫĮȻ
ӻһ£͵ػ߳ޣҪúأݵ۲ʡԷɱ⽥Ũε˫һ̯˵䣬֪㰵ʩչȥ;жĥڽĮ񣬶Ǻһв֪飬Եġ
һ˫üӸԵģ㲻м١ҲڴһɣȻֻħӡ֮¡Ƭ֮ɫ˵ҴǰʣΪβʵΪҪӡ
дһͦȻ˵ҳΨΨŵŵ֮ɷΪΪŮңûеˣͷԹһʱ⻹Ǵ򲻹Ӳ𣡵СѳɣκΡ


883 ˼
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ЪϢ˰֮󣬳һɵϤһе³ǻԣҲסˡζŷֵԭŲӣϵⶶţ۹ɲ
һ鷽ʯ֮ϣһţﻹϽ«ɫ͸ŵįʮǰһУԼԼﴨǰ˵һ顣ŵĲŰУɢԼӵȥʱĲң޲Ī
һ·˾ôûˡ´Ҵңͣתʱûдµ컣ݺ۳ҵĿ⣬ֻй¶įŨ
Ӻһӣͷ࣬ź޺һڣڳɫ֮УԶ꣬䣬ҰʩչӳɽȺ󲻾ãײ˼ʿҷ̸죬ʡ˵һ룬תһĸǰʾƷһ´ĮƣĹΪʦ
һӣֽӹʦרƣڿɬԺһ˿Ʒ˻ζֻƾˬʹ죡
һշת֮ұ㵽˴Į֮СٽһʯͷϣֹƲԸȥ¡Ƭ֮̾һ˵Ȼˣֽ֪ΣڴĮаݶգﴨǰɽ֡
һ۹бһԡŵĳӻŭɶмųļƣʱȴ̬ɣʮһ֪㳣ֵĸ̡һλŮĴʦ
װƲһڱˡžһ죬ƬƬ䡣ڳԵҫ£ݴԼ㡣
εر˫ۣŵ̾ѽˣҪϸƷζ
һԼϽ«ڣݼһ˵겻٣ȴҲ㼸Ϊˣʿ࣬ãŵײײߵաҲ֪ÿһǵԽÿһ׮ѶԽҶÿһص趼̹Ȼ֮
ۣɫý
һ˵Խ˶ܲʱΨ飬ϧһתųֵԺΡ
ȴڴʱͷȥǰϧظϵɴۣڳװƵģ
һ΢΢һ٣۹оâһ˵Ҫɱޣš
һ£ǰ಻ס̧ͷ˵Ī⣬һ˿Կ⡭˴ͻȻԼһ⣬Ȼں޲ѡȻԷɵؽ˵λʦǹ¾սء
˾סʹ͵µͿѽ򲻿£ĺŲޣ˼ָֻͷɺɨĪҪΪˣùڡڵĸŸԸ۸ҪӲɣһ˦ǱȥһĺоƣԷ߷߲ƽֱߺߡ
һΪ͸İߵߣʱգƳǸӰ΢΢ⲻ˵ѾݸģΪݵʿͬĴˣŲǸǺŮұնϳԵ
ӷٴܵ˾ţȻת׹еһָͷӸƴԷ¶һĨ׽Ц⣬£ʱйνˣͬв֮£ǰİʱһȥˣĪ˵Ůңա
ԭתȦӣЩε˵Ҳ֮ˣ˴ʶ꣬Ȼǰ
һɫɣ˵Ȼ
Ů֮Ȼƨ겻ǸʿթǽԶԸǲһץֱ֮һӺʹ¾ϣһŷϴż֣ص˵ҡʮֻ꣡˼ˣ޲ģҶѪծѪϵϰ꣬ұΪѪȡţǷţֻȫԸеһұɣΡ
һĬĬųӣÿɷ˵ǧϹ̰쳾
Դѣ̧ͷͦأһ˵쳾ʲôʲôɣ˵ţ˫ֱϵֵ֮νΪ쳾ΪˣΪ֮壡
һüһò˵ͷ
أԶŸ˵ļƣϸ˫ȴһ˿ɫм꣬Ǵ֮еġͯӼ쳾ٺ١סһЦȴǿԴżֽѵѲţ˼ζŨ֮ɫ˼Ů֮価Ҳʶʦº֮֮ԣĳڶ޲
һǣ£Ťͷˣڰ˵ʮ겻ѣҪ֪Եɡ

Ǻųİ֮⣬ɽΪΡǧɽ۵Ⱥ廷ؼ䣬һΪǺˮƽ̹羵ٲȺǾ䣬뻳ɫ׳죡
⼸﷽Բĺˮߣһ䶴ǰ滨ݱ鲼뵣ٲȻһ˼ң
˴Σվڶǰ˰ָܡͷ£°ͣȻǧ͵ðУΪŮ볾ԵǺʤɾֻ˼䣡Ĳѽҡͷһ˷УԵһЦ˵ٺ٣ż֮±ɣ㼸ָߵĶ϶ĸŤŤĴ֣˼䣡
һں߱ⲽɵðƲƲǣ̧ۿԶʵɽ赲ʶ֮ܣιʣǰûзֳӵټ֪ɽĹ޸ϵ
ԼҵǰƬ̣Żζ˹ԴЦݣ˵˴ԸĹųǣɽһСС㹻Ҷ֮ãɽ֮УǶһֳΪӡʯʹùʿ˼ЪϢһӣ߳һһľ齡ٺһЦֲɫؽһʯʣ滹ƣ롣
һԳӵĹоδͷһӣ񲻾ʯʯǰܶԷ˵Ȼ˴ɷ˵˵ŮǶ
Ǹɫ֮ͽһɵĸ֣ôΪԳ˵ļһȻĸԸݵһλɳĮŮȹ£̫˼һ䰵˼ƽϣȴܲ׮֪ʱ˼ŤŤԸ˵治ѡ
ٺ٣ʵû˵ģŮԡȽᡢߡ֮ҲСֳһڣһЦһζΪ˵յĵУ
һޱطϽ«ץϵˤ
æ㡮顯ǣ̣ʦưδЦ£˵ˣ˺Ů֮£ʹȻΪʦһء
ھݵʱ򣬳ӻݶȴǺ޹˼ɣڵĺÿڳһֻܸʰ·硣ɫÿֻʵʵ˵Ƶѣȴ֪ͬǾţ˵


884 ౨
һգͻȻʧʹóӰ˾ʧ֮ʣʩչȥΡʱʿڶ࣬вĸ֣ҳɣҴܳɽȡ
򣬳۷ڣһʱ治嶫ֻñٵĵطȥ֮ԾԶǷ֮أͷϲֳѰ·
ǡһλɫæĻʿӱǰк˭϶Էһͬڱصװ磬ҿ컹Цݣʱ䱸ʣȣ֪ٵԵɣȵȡ
ʿȥеı䲻йشµķ紫ϣɳֻӴܣһŲ֪ʴˣէһ˱ʣ֮ŤͷߣɶԷȴټ׷˹
Ų·ĳӣµ֮С黫ȴ֮ŭ֮£һɨ̬ɱ
һĽ֮󣬳ɱһ֣ȴڵʿֻˡƾΧ
һ·񱼣ֱ֮ز֧ĳһͷ档һƬãã޼ʵĴĮ׷ȺδܵΣһ˹ȥ
֪ȥ˶ãĳӴ͵ʹоѹŷԼ˰һϣŴâıӺݺݳšΧһȺŹŹֵĺӣڴСС
ʹһļϱһѪۡŭ֮漴֮СΪĴƲأҪʩչ֮಻ܹΪߣһķֻôͬһͷ׵ڰŷ˵衣
֮ͬʱԼĴһȺɳĮܵУһª߻һ龧ʯдʣʩչһֻ׽ɱ˿ԡ
콵ħͷܣӻȻħ򣬷ֶʳ֮ѳ飡ϲԴ͸
һϸƤӣѪצشϵ˴Ǳһı͵ϮǶħ콵æͬʦԤ⼪ף˼һ
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λʦѾ쵽˳ӵݣȴҪء֪ʩչʲôֶΣսԷڵΪҫԼҵķޱߣ߻ָʹ˳ϼԹЧ
Ȼʦ쳣ǸΪߣеľʯ͸ż˿Ԫ֮֮ʩչķǵɵ޿κΡȻ֪ǾʯΪӡʶ֮ܡ
ϸǧһٰԽп಻һԶ۶Ϊ߾ȻǸʮŮӣ겻ȴˬӢòˡʮ׳е׳뺷
ʮˣδ߷ŮӼһ׶ļһĥһˣ㽿߳ǵſӣᣬŭ֮»޳˹ӸŴȵвߣɱ⣡
þµСˣԭǺŹСһĿ¶׹⣬ߣٵӭȥ
±ؽڸף˭ײһ֮ͽԼ׹ΧһĶǣҲ쳣ɱ
һȥСŵɫɷסһص˳ӵԣɪɪȴοĪ£˴ǲԶ
ĮѪ𣬱ϽķɳХĺɱУһĪ¡һף꼤ƽһʮСѾͷΪһѵİˣϧСԷĸֵ
һֻ̣ǧ궼׻ˣһΪˣ˴ɷܶһŮӵı󣬸οǻǸʮĺӣпߣ޿̡
ûǷʦţӻһ˿Ϊ͵سɱȺ֮Сǡһͷŭȭߣҧ֮Ѫɡ
ǺŹˣȴһڷɳĿɿڴصѪǽ֮Уֻˡ޲ѣһ²ķһԱӺǻСİο
֪´ֻȥȴǣƵƵأ粻ڻŵΪЦҪǿˣȴձȡпʵѽ
ûӰӶʱ̱ڵأȴǺֱ֡ʿΪ֪ҷΪһСѾͷƴ
ӽԼɳٴλ˹ȥ֮Ŵӵð˳еųǽ
Ӵ󣬳ӱǺųݾָΪڳɽ仧ˡһ߽һңңǸСӰս欶ˡ
ڹʮ꣬ΪѰ¡ԷλҵĹӣִ׳䲻뵽Ƹ֮ʣ˾ȻƨԼĻС֮ϳӣԼĲſÿÿҪΪǺŹĳʱǵéڼկ֮С
Įʮ󣬶ʮĹ˺޼޲õ͡ɳĮŹгϮŮľϹŽλ˵Ĺļλܲˡ
׷ֹ꣬޵һգûм̳λǿѺǡͬǣҪԶ
ΪһŮӣվЩĶ֮֡̾ʱһֵӰǲǵڴĮż֮𣿾Ȼλˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Լٵ㡣ǿº͵Цݣ񲻾ǴѰп
һԲ֪룬ȴվϰЦʵӣΪһѽ𣬹Ц㵱ȣרΪ౨
ӴŹɱǣһٶλ
ڽ̻Ի͵֮ڣ߾λĹлĪǸƵĳ˵ݴ˽Ĺ֮ȴ뱻ϸȽᣬߵӡԷػҲһ˵ҷҵӣҵĳǣΪҵ

һ뿪ǷʯѭźˮⲽԹЦŮţΨɫ˥˵Ҫһһʳأʮıչ˹ͷҪúðοһǰѰЩפյĵҩǡ
ɽɫһ츣ءԴһշһɽ壬ӳԳԵЦҵӣҵĳǣΪҵ򸴺󡭡
һڶ԰ΣŵĶΪ֮ҡͷӲⷲ׵λȴǶλŮģһ֮ˣȻһʮŮһ飬ػ񣬲ȥ˭أ
йŮ֮飬һ¶ദ˵˴޼䣬ȴƽƽڶϸŶ˵աֱʧȥʱ򣬲ŷ˵ʹ
֮Уһ˫üɫֳһĨɬһֱܻõǸǸɫӰĵ׵Ƶ𡭡


885 Ŵ
ɽϵǺϣһΪԼһ䶴ҪһʱգŲȴʱλھӵһһ
֮λʦȻŮӵɽϣڿ齲Ƴʳһʱ֮䣬ˮߴޡ
Ȳѣһֻ÷˶ײĳ˵ķκ
һĶֻɵķԲªˬ˼֮󣬱㽫ľǶܣ漴һɾʩʩȻϥ¡
ŷµãλͬһʱһʮɾȻȱ֮Ϊ£ҽħǡԼƸһԡ
ߣֻ˵Լвһ붨ɣ˽ί˵ҪȵʱԪ㲻ɾһ롭
ʿһƲлֻ꣬޳Ԫſɵع档ʶʿȥ֮ǣľ֮󣬱ƾԪɴ˿ɼԪǧ˵ؽҪһٶɾֳʹãĪ˵һһϢ
ǧıԹʱһʱ¶ϲѭ浸ءû˼˵ϵɾ֮󣬱̧߳˶
԰һϣųӵһֻѵҵ㳤֣ȴϣŲ㿴Է˫ϥţʹĵ٣ȴػòҿСѾͷһҲἰפյҩ棬⣬顭
λ߹޵Ů˺Ĺʦ˽һԸһԸֹȴԵ֡
һԺߵ컷Ӷתֱ
Ƭ֮󣬽ӵĳظ洺˵ɩӽҴСһãôǷаٺ١ԷֹһĨ̬ȥסЦ
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ЦݣȻ˵ֵܣ跨ʵʼ
һȻ˵Լֵܣㆪʲô裬ǲ裿
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һüһӱ׳ʮ㾧⡣
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һ̹ԵҪںһ⣬ΪǿУֻΪ֮ƣ
Ӳӣ׳һöʵʱת
һڴ¡ꡭ
Ȼ״Ȳתߣջǵ߶ţҽŮúĪɣ
һеɫһʧʵǡĻԷԶԶЦһصɲԡĻҵ꽫ĨȥõֻһĹٺ٣
˵ģһŴɾһꡣһƬּۻۣ߱Ϊֵñˣû뵽ֱƭ

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һϪˮߣһ£һĿ͸϶к£ƹâ߲ӯмʹһȻ
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ĻһǰõֻǼĻ֮Ӳµ֮
ǿʶ֮£Ѱ䡣ֻףȴȥڵĺۼƾ衶ĻȻԽޣ޴̽顣
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֮ԼΪԪΪʹķ뻯յĺ֮
֮һԺķʱֻ֮ʣΪڱɣյĳɾͲ󡭡
ƪġĻνǡʱ
һһԭʧȥӰһ̣ѳʮ֮⡭

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ʱֿ֣ڵһҾУһΪƹͻȻɫһ䣬漴ܻسżƵʿе˭͵ҵľơĹ̨ϿտҲ֮ǰڷŵʮ̳Ӳˡ
ƹģԣĲͬԪӤǰδ̨ϵ״
Լ˾̳ӣֻΪթҵȡ
ߣƹģȰһ䣬ĪΪ̰ͼʯǻ

ƹǸߣڵΪһżϻ֮漴˹һùæžһɫƵʿµĹʲħˡ
֮ڣмλƹħˡ
ǧ֮⣬֦ңҹɫܡ˵ɽ֮ϣͻȻƿһվ̳ӣžһˤƬδ꣬𡰺ǺǡЦֳ֮һϥӰɫ졣
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һѰ䣬еĳâȻѭŵµСֹȥʱٴ֮ͣͫУ˴ĽΪһ˿Ϊķ϶
Σһ΢΢һЦǸֵĽСӰ˵СѾͷ˴Ρ
˲ٴɫ˵ƺΪӣ
һһƲδ˵ԷȻѽ˴ŵǡִżĪϲãȴɷµ˵͵ƺȵģȡģŴŶ
ŴΣҪԪֺο㣡һɵطԸҽ𽣣²˳٣
һв£벻ǬЦһ΢ĺһϵĽ֮Сɲǣ˾ѽ˭
һɷ˵ֽ̧ǰȥһ⴩ǽƵķ϶ʱûһ˭Ը˺úദ


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˲֪һͬǧһŵĵ֮С֮Զݶȥ
˾٣˲ѶΪ֮ҿǧľѣȴһ׮¡徻ˣֻ֮ʮ󣬶Ԫѡ
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һãóͼѰһ·תʧҹɫ֮Сʮպһɽ֮Сŵɽ֮ңΪƧ
ɫ磬ˣһһɽʯٳɷвΧ磬֮һͷڵİ׻ԾȻ
̤ƣݣһҡͷβ֮ת˲ɶڵϣ̬оȻѵֳ
Σһͷ׻һö֮˯ȥֱղźȻתΪȴ룬ɷ˫ϥ֮ϣжһԪӤ⻹ھݺɾɱãһֱŲδó
ŵζ׻˷ܵҡŴԴ
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˵Ϊ֮һġʶ֮Уͷ׻ɷкȻΣûνļ󡣵Ǹ̰̰˯ļһ
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һزٹʼʩӿһס꣬һõӰݺײ˹ȥһƵĺƶʱ˺ѳһڡ䲻ɣһͷУæȡʮɾ֮תܣһ鶫
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һʱ֮䣬ִֵ÷зڶ಻ĥСԹصΪʸ֮ġ
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˵ıǷŵԨԻʧ֮ʣԶһƳ۵ߺһ˵˵ź޸ϵֻԷڡ
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ǻ۵ߣŵŵĴڷѵ⣬ԾŴʧ棬ͬ˵ԨԹǼ޻֮ƣڶţΨҵȻ£
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߳ƾ޾ݣԡ
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˹֣ǷҡȥıӰ˵͡


887 Ӷɽ
ڸصϮ֮󣬴СŽϼӷΪ֮١ɳ̽飬ѰǸ߼޻ߵ䡣֮õ粨ͻȻͣͷһʱλŴ伣ˡ
ûӰԲҴ⡣ӴԺ󣬺һԼ׳ɵĹءŸʧڷ֮⣬רȫտء
׼˼ҽ𡢷ֻ࣬з

ɽϵһ䶴УԨϥ˫Ŀ΢ءǰԶվһߣİС뷢ҰףƤľګΨдű΢ֺõɫ
Ƭ֮Ԩ۹˵ʮȥˣȥֽһΪ˱һ
΢΢ǷǷӣһħޣǵ֮֮УȡߡƾԪӤڵΪȻɱǰΧɼСӵϻвΪ֪أΪֻҪɳҺĹΪ棡
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ԴƣԨ鳤룬һ䣬ʵֻһŲָѰ䣿
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̧۷ɿһƳػصһӤɽ֮ʱķ޳Ԫ٣ǰ¡Ѱ
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ԨɫĬΣſ˵գҿΣֻϷ˵һУ͸¶䡣򡭡
߰һͷݵĻʿСӷֺĽ顭

ţ֮ãνԴԶһСţٸҪôޣҪôĴӹð
ǧշ壬ǺŵĵǴڷںϵϢ֮ԭܼ򵥣䵱õӵΪӣ뿪˺ǡȻСŵ˵úŵݣӻһڡ
շɽһ䶴ǰڷһλԶ˵ĵ䣬һ鷽ʯǳǳżӡۣڷżŰ׺ڷָͷСʯ俴Ѱȴؾγ֮ƣǳзȡ
λڵʿµۣò񳣬üĿȺ͡׳룬ǰķʯ˼Ƭָ̣һ㡣ʯǽλϣͻȻһɫĹâͬʱһӨ׹âȻ䡣ţڰʯǳ׹γӡݺȥССһʯͷϾȻɱǡǧ棬භһƽ˾Ķǡ
꣬ߺǺһЦ˵Ӹʰ·磡
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ڷ翴Զɽɫ˵ʦֽԣʦܵ󣡡
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ڷ룬˵֪ԭ硯֮󣬼ʦ˵еġֶ˶ϵ磬ںȻʶұΪڷ硯δ˵һЦٳ
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ʵڷʾԷؿףִżǸ˵ұߺضðСʮǰһ²㣬Żص˳շСסա˵ţֵɽȫʦһά֣õ֮λǰ
æ˰֣ЦСȴλŵĸ˳棬Զͬ˭أ˵ˣЩշԪսϡǴҲ࡭
ڷԸк˵֪շµпɹٵǧ꣬˲ãصĵӿ쳣
Ӿź룬ɫҡͷЦҵ޽Ʒֺר˿ء˴봾ڷһס˫˫̧ͷԭʵɸ߿գܲɼһ﷽Բ缱ϮĪƶȻֳշ壬˾Ī
١Σڷʧ漴ʵе˭ڶɽ٣
Ʋ⣬˵ǽƺƻףеӲ˭Ҫɽٰ
ڴʱһ΢ĺڹͻȻӳշ¼ȥ˲ʧԶϵĽ֮ƶ
ͻ״ڷȻ׿һԵӡԷ㵵ԭˣҵ١
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̶̲ʱϵĽʮСŨīӿΣͷڿз裬ֹֻƬ̣ǧ֮ڵԪȻۣ쭣ɽȶڼţ֮ǰһ̡
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ͻȻ֮䣬һзˣһֹͣ˴ϢǸڵУٿȻڳһ׹⣬Ȼһͷɡɡʮɵľ޴׻֮ʣŭݶһֻȸߣ̡
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ĺУ׹ɽ׻Դˤμʧ֮Уȴ˲ʵˣƸʤǰŭһͳĻХ쳹ǧ֮󣬰оȻɢĵУȻкһɫĹâ˲ûڲ
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һӲصĻȻ԰׻֮ڡڷ簵꣬ܲѡǶںųշģͨޣһͷԶޣ伮أԶģ׻ȸҲ޳Ԫ֮󣬱׻ΡޣкΪˡ
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׻ķݡܵʿٶƣ̤ƣŵرҪûԶݡǡڴʱڷʦְʹ˸ƿһסͷ޵ȥ·
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ŶֲóֲԭǿӴͷ˼ҲǺŵԺŵĸˡǶʦֵ٩٩̸ʱšƽԪŵλʿԼֵļλʱϨ˼˱ͷȥ
۹ӹܣڷ絭һЦ˵ʦ֣ҿͷޡ
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ӼԶδȥǻʿԲȻѡ˴һ֣֮ǰȴ޲
ڷ̧ۿǸˣͷȡϲɫֻ΢΢ʾ⣬ȴ飬ɽ׻ڷ֮СԷ̤ʵǺˣԵοڳѷ֮ԡ
ߣװͿٽԶվˣ˵üбɫǻһĨЦ˵ʹֶΣҪƳ׻ˣӺˣˣвֹҲ԰գ۹һ޵ĹâԼбİ׻סֺһ
ڷɫ֮󣬻û˸Լ˵żֲ죬߳㼴޵ˣоΪݣڷһ˵Ȼ˴˵涼ÿ
ⷬоݣȻ޿ɱ粵ռ˼ǰǸŴкβͬʧ֮٣
ֻԳֹĲˣǸνġһʮǰһĽʹøŶϼӷȻ޻ɳã;ųշʱڵ񡣱űչʮԶ˭ɷг˯ĻͻȻҪɵ³
һ⣬漴Ȼ֮УټϽԪӤ˺üԪһأûȴǵΪʱˣ˽׵Ǹе档Ҳ٣
ɽٲҪɳշ˼ҵĵ̡ôЪϢ˶ʮ꣬һ֮󼪰ɣһæȥΣɷ֮һƧɽ֮С
ٵĶڷˡһԴ˲⣬ȴΪ׻Ϊϲѡ
벻ؽԪӤΪӭ˻٣ôãһס£پȻΪֹһЩԹͬ˼Թ֮ʱɶһ䡣˭׻Իصûˡ
ûˣ뿪ˡȴҪռˣ
һУһ°׻ı£Űָʹɱʿ˭ϴڷˣʩչԺšǳͨ
׻һ֪㲻ȥ⣬Ǹڷ絹мʶ׻˫ΪˣУΪǳһʽͨΪ˲òۡ
ڿȡƾ֤ڣһ̤նʮ㡣ݶԷ˵°һ̧׻;շ壬ΪҵɽޣգɽٲŰգȲŲȺŹǺôı£
ɫ΢Զԡӳշ´ڳ;·أû˿أĲ֪зȱʧδ֣ȴԼҵɽޡ
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һʵǺŵӣԷż֣ȻصŴڷ硭
λڷ絹ǸԼֻǲмȴ˼ץס˰ѱ漴Ϊ׻֮ޣͬ硣ˣưˡ
һȨ£ֵ˰׻ûԼ
ڷҡҡͷ˵޵ݡ
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ڷԶԶŶԷ˫ӣɵ΢΢һȴ粽ã˵ҼᣬȲĽύκԵδ
ҪԼֵͷһޱص˵ͷ䣬ҷ΢΢𣬻һ㵭ĺƲȥ
Ĵڷ仰ɣȴʱĶ֪ΪΣͷһں򣬳ʦŵļλʦʦ֮⣬ηκˡű˳֣Աϸ֤ʵͷԼĲ²⡣ʱ˿̣ޱߵɱǵضʴӡԲ죬ɫ΢䡣λֹͻȻ˹ҷһõӰԷԭλޡ
ڷ˼죬Ҫס׻ǡڴʱԷȻһȭǡħգ֮ƣ׺赲
һ֮֮䡣ڷͷһҪ°׻ӦԣԷƺһתǳǡǳɵķƺȻȥ
顪һУ޵ĹâɢΧ߽֮⡣֮һУ׻Ȼ͵شУԾ겻ض
Ȼһ˿ľ磬ȴֻΪ˾һͷޣڷЩֲסľǳ䲻ԭɣȴѰ˿ֹ֮ǺΪ֮УвΪ֪ĸ֡
һȭ˷ƣһδˡӰȥɱͷ׻Ϊ鶯ٿȻʧµ֮Уת˲һڹڲӰ
ΣڷתΪĪ⣬һͷԶŵǱڳշ¡̲סʵԺη
һɷԶʮ֮⣬ʮʿֲñˣλɵĸ֣ѸԴҴȥڴڷϵһƳתƿնȥ
ڷ۹һȵߡ䲻кգۼԭʧȥӰ
ɽУֻʣһˡΣȻʦܵľֹЩ⡣֪ŵĶݷֻҡҡͷԷغš

ʮ֮⣬һڰֹסȥƣЩػͷȥԶйâ֮ð˴ڷӰ˹ȻЩŵ׵׷
ֻڿɲԺŵʱ򡭡
һüɫпƿĶݷ𡭡
ת˲֮䣬ڷԶסΡһӱܣַףʧЦǺǣƿշţΪѰԪݷĸ֣̼ǧĴͨ
Цûʶһ۹һʣ㷽ʩչʲôݷΪκݵʼֶݷ
֮佻ڼôʻģڷ粻Ϊ˵ҷʩչĶݷ˼ʦݽԶɷԴӲ⴫
һŰӣ°ͣĬȻֲúں֮ϣͨиһȵĵطŵӸǲˣԴԼʱ£˿ĴͨԶɷħӡ
ǡڴʱڷͻȻ䲻˵Ҷһ䣬ΪգǷ½硭


890 һ
ڷдһʣһɵ˫üһֱʱ׶Էŵ⡣ôȥˣȻڵԼ
£ȴβסһζѰһ˵һ䣬̧ͷʱߵ֡ǡƲ֮У֡
ڷͷһ漴ЦΪУ಻ɱڰ˵ˣҡ˵һ룬ͻȻæ⣬ޡ
Ծ֮ʣźϮڷɫ΢䣬˲ưԶһŹ⻪Ϯȥͬʱʲڵĵطһڷ磬֮ðһɱڵӰ
һգʹһԸ⡣ѣȴ⼱׹ǳ跨ͭ¯
һУһҵæ֮䣬һƬİ޼ʵ֮У£ֻǺ׹ʹ㱶ããȻʴӡ
ʱ˿̣һʧǿ֮СޱߵĹ¶ϮʹΪ֮һǳҼ䣬кλԶȥ׹뾲įҲ㡭
ãȻ޴룬ǰ˿ڷȻգʮŹâ΢΢һЦܱǲҪѰҵˣҽܻƽϡ뵽˴ҪȴɫһֻǸֹϴһĨаɫ̧ۿ֮ʵʵѪɫȻ˲䴩͸ơ
ڷͷһ˲ö룬æȵǳ跨ھδɣáһ죬ǳԷҷһʮɵħӰ˹ŵ߳⡮һʡûˣкͨʩչһһš
ǳ跨ͭ¯ڷ侪ﲻѣǱȼǳǰס׻ɵΪɷȴǾȫǱԷȥһء
顪
һزǰ㱻һȭ顣ֻ̧ӱۼ䣬ӰŲҡǳΡ֮רƷơ
ҲһСһƲˣֻ̧䣬һӡѸɳ֮һԲµ£ɭȻɱХķ
׵֮£ڷҡ»кĺġɱҰԼݺĺϵı޲Գҵ֮ƸԶܣ赲ֻµĿûһС
ħޣΪĪǿƥͨص֮һɲǣڷԼƵһͷݷеޣֻצ㽫˺һиĴڡ֮Уαˣ˫ּɳ⣬߳ǳ跨ͭ¯ɱ
ǳֻͨһУһɱһʽɱڷֱնշģŲʩչһܶʿ𣿿ɵΪͨûôֻðһԡ
֮У׷תڷˣǿ񣬲ֱѪɫ⣬ΨֱŰɱɡķ˫ּ䲻ӿʱǼɡͬʱһԲԲ赲֮ɡ
䡪
ײĽκ֮УڷѪ˳ȥһޱ飬ͲϷ𡭡
һҲ޶⡭
ڷԳ֣յɣ޾ɱϮ˽סͷҳɣһֱ²Ǹѿڶ
һҷǾüһ˫Ѫ˸ĹâɢɷǧɣǽǺ֮˽С䣬䲻Ϊһ˵ӡȻ
˾ʹôڷ簵⣡ֵ㲻ʰֻŲνƫǻ˭뵽ѰʮһˣͻȻء
һǷһ顭Ȳѣڷس˵ݣҰܶ㵽ʱ
ŴԣɱѾһͻȻڰֹסΣǼɵħӡ䣬ԹâƴĴڷȴеܵɱΪ֮һæվˣǹѪЦֵѣлղɱ֮ڡ˵䣬´ʧΨһδʧԭء
һȥ޶ԣĬȻ˼
ԭǴڷѰݵǸɽȣȥ˵µҡǳǰ¡Ķ㣬˺֮⣬иڹעԼĶ򡭡
һپңԶ¹꣬ŵĴڷȴѰ״μ³Լ̫˷˼׾ף漰ߣֻԵɣ
Ϊأȴڶ壡й޲һȥ֮ǳ̫ۣߣ紾ڷ֮ѭҵһ⡣ֻһŵĵӣΪҪԼмûж⣬Ϊڼ֮̽
УںһҶ𡣶ڷȻҪȥɽµıչңΪΪǿĴڡĪǣк֮ĸѰԼ䣿
⣬󣬹ӦڵķᡣʱգԼţδ£Ҵڷһ֪в㣬ΪΣ
֪䣬һͷ˻ϤݲѰҪĴȫӰ֮շŹڷ磬ԸΪպһת
뵽˴һ¡żͷǣƵԼĹûСףʱðֻٸӰչأߺߡ
֮ܶ·İٶ꣬ǳ֮Զļ
׿ҵһƿնȥδħӡɢΡ
֮һѰһʿۼСڶ˲ʱȻȥ֮Դһ˵ɽϣ͸һ˿Ρ
֮ϣ˺֮⣬ͨ;ǰţרеĴ󷽿ɡ˵ûкΪƾۣ˿뿪
ˣǻشĮһ˰ɣӴкƽϡ

ֹȥ£һ糾͵ػص˴Į֮СɽԶɽۺϵһĿȻȴüͷתɢʶǺųǣֽʮڵһо۵סǵŮӰǳҲûˣȥ˺δ
һɽ֮ϣ̤¸ˮɽ۾ɫȻͬһľھȻʿӰһԪӤߣĸ𵤵ʿԷռ˳ԼĶ⿪˼ɽھޣںС
Σһɫ΢㵡ǰ󲻹ʮ塢꣬ػعʵأ˻һ㡣Ǽ䶴ϣɳġ˼䡱ĸڣԣһˡ


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һŻ۵˴ɽϵļλʿ˴ԭ˴Ӷб˳
һںߣĸ֪ĽʿǳųӵǼ䶴üͷ˼䣬ȥɾ¡ڣ
նеģԪӤΪǰɰ˹˵ǰԺη֪кָ̡ͬԲҷһ̬
һԼСᣬǱ˫֣ܣһ˵ٲ㡭仰δ䣬˾ǰ
ӳӵǼ䶴бһλߡɫƣϻһ亹ײײһǰԶһؼ˵ΪǺʦ֪ǰݵʧԶӭˡǲ֪ݱŲȴһ߾ʧأûȥԭԪӤãһλĪǰ
һںߣЩת˳ӵĹʦ֮λԷԪӤڵΪҡͷɵ˵ǺʮһУʵ
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λ羪֮ȥǺֻʣһһˡĬȻΣ̤棬ػص˴ǰĶ֮СʩʩȻ£гСһ̡
պһٴγڰߣϻһ졢̡ڴĮؾУ𻵣ֶ޲һ仹̸Ͼƾȴްʹá
һ̧ףĵâǶ뻷ƺˮɽ֮С漴ó£ǬȻơ䲢δ߶󷨣ֻб޻
Ƭ֮һϽ«һһѭź϶ԪԡԵʣɽɫļһʤաܵɽаӡʯʶ֮ܡ˴ţ⻹һչؾ޵ĺڡ
羰صһ߻ص¡Զ˶񣬱㽫Ͻ«һԣгɷʾ⣬һͷɶ೤İ׻ʱ֣ҴܣʱԵñƲ
˷ʧ̬üƽϡһᡱһɷԱ˫֮ЦΡ
׻ԣҲɣһһƲ˫ۡ漴һʧ㻹滯ΣǡǰĲԶվһλ뷢Ұ׵ߣݲϣȴᣬΪĽ׳ؿڼ壬һ㵭İ׺װģ뿴ϻżֵɫ
һ׺ǧã߸õʶ԰׻βе⡣ֻһͷ޳ԪĻէȻΪһİߣ㲻ܲΪ֮͡
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һҡͷȻ״漴һâֻһߣǺŵľӡòˣŵȻʣǿ֮ΪۡΪߣԺǺЦ³ˡ
һЩ޿̣ɣ㻯ΣϲɺأģˣҪԼıɫ
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ģŶԡҲԣһεҡҡͷ׻ݵʿվãĿȾһЩϰ룬ѭѭյҲҪȥҪӡ
׻˹ȴΪѵ˵˽ԪӤ֮ѲǵԼʲôӣŶҶˡ˵ţһâŤδΣһʧ㡭ԷȻüɫعЦ䡭
һԼģ߷¡ȴɶߵĳ󺺣ͦصɽĵ롣ͷ޷٣ֻҷ硣һ˫Žâ͸Ž˵ı뺷״һ˵ǣƨɺÿ𡭡
Ϳ׻ɵɵһЦҫζһӣжҡڡ
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׻Щ̧ͷãȻǸˣָδȥ
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׻˿æͷ˵޳ԪߣߣԵ׷ңָγƺء
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Ƿ׼˵ָǻǻǴ˵еİ׻ްһЦΪԼţΡ
׻ɷµصͷԭش󲽶ȦӣŴ׳İ߶ţҽлһ󡭡ϧջ֡
һǴ󣬸ӵֽʲôһߵͷǸΪ
׻͵ֹסŲܵؽеҽĴǻͷɽڳſŵЦֱ졣ԲգȻֵͷ˱ͷִ󡭡һֺͿƵֱܲ䣡ҳƺΪΡ
һһ׻ʱʱۣ޿κΣ̾˵㶼꣬ܳƺΪأǾҵ䡭
ˡ򣬰׻һЦԺƺΪϴ󡭡
һֻƣһ£˵㡭ȥת⣬˵ͷԷӦϴ󡭡
ƺôűŤһҡҡͷԸ£ϸ˵Զ޵Լɽ¡׻ɾƢԴ³򵥣ǳ֮ʣÿԽѯһΪԼͻƩ磬ԶΣԼӤʱİԪٵĹȵȡ
ţ׻ʹƨŵصʱҳ顱һ졣Լҿɵɵһ֡
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һ΢̣һĨЦڡУһƿ
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ȥԵɣͷ֪˼ʱǻųһһͻĽѣ֮Ϊһƹ»ꡣΪս츳ͨűµǿǱŵĴбսֳݵεεųмʾֻһ٣ԭ޶˭ԺյأĴ֮һ
ͷ˵ˣҪɾҪɵҪΪǿİ׻û֮һ
һ̣һһ̾ŰǧֶһλֵĻͷӲСһʺ𣿿Ҳܲסȡ󰡣չжϣδ֣鷳ֱֽ˷
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һٴ󷽣ֻóһ쵤ͷܲ˵һȥˣѰԶŵҫȥˡ
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룬һʶ֮ΪԪεҡͷ
꣬ʮҴСšԾŲǸ̰޶ȵˣһþա˶ɾȻҪͷԾͬĲʲ壬ɾĶأֳֹ֮Ǯˣ׾ݾȵһȥˣ
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ԪΪ֮һʼϲǰ֮һһħһҶ󡣲ȻùĻԼҪ뷨ӤӤΪǡ
һΪĲԪɸࡣԭڣʮɾӦ˻ĺڣٿɾųշµеԪħӤԪס
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顰ʯͷֻСǶŷķǾɲ׵ӡƵġۡ
һ֮漴˲䣬һâ峺̵ĺϻȻһȻͨɫǽ࣬һɴϸ»Բ޽ǣۿɼԪݣһͷ޾ˮ߸ߴ
꣬۵ĺβһߵţеİɫâһӵվ̤ŶвӰ
ת֮䣬һ֮СǰɫȻ
ĵطֻɷԲȴ齼ȫ쾫ɡ͸鲼ķǰҵκƻȴһĿȻʵ
һشţǰһʯ̨ǰʯ̨߳浱һСԲǶоŸµС󷨣з辧ʯĵطаʮһ
״һզࡣٰۣʮһɾֲǸӿҪټͬһͬۿȡȵɾƾһţƳۣҲԳеɾġΪ˼еⲻ֪ŵĲ࡭
һʯ̨ǰ£ֵظܡƾɰʵ
ӵҸ棬ûָ·㽫ʧں嫵ǿ֮УѰ·


893 Į
Ǻܣԭ֮䶴һͽһĵط
ۣæ˰֮һڶϥ¡ǰѷһСѶ״ϸɳҾӨɽ̲صġӡʯ΢мѲɾʵһ
һЪϢʱ̵ֽķŷ˼飬ŵһƻ⡣֮𣬾ддϵĵдӤֱΪ˴ʱƵԪ֮Խİٶꡣ
֮һжԻ²֮֡ߣӵΪԪ𡣶һڵǸʲôڣѾɷ׻Դ˲⣬ñã
šӡʩչɽڶһСɵĻһʹַһصʯʱ㱻ڻ֮С
ʮգһڴʯڽϵ֮£ԭȵһʯмڲֻ֭͸ľʯ״
ʱʯĴһ䡣һֳãʣµǿȭͷСʯɾԪΡ
ٶʮգû˻⣬ȴƯһڴСĹţɷ졣һɫοȴҵ϶һö޼ҵġʮͼ
֮̽ʣǶǳͼΪ۵򡣶ӵ˵ϣ޴һ֪޼ҵöͼϤļ£һǹ֮С˾ĺʮղ㹦ɡ
֮һڴһ̧УǰһŹ⻪ӯϢ͸ɫȴǧǳܲ䣬˶ʹ۹ѡ
̣ӵģ״顢ѡ
һЪϢ߳˶һ̵Ĺٴں֮ϣѵеʯ̨ǰ֮ǸСԲڡ޷죬Ӧ
꣬һʯ̨ǰ֮ϡԪ£ǰ˵Ϊ֮һ䡣֮УλöʵǳչǰȴƮңԶ޼ʡͼʾʮ򣬾˵ǹ⣬˼ޡһ̣ǿ֮УֻѰһ·ɺ˽סԾԾԡ
һ֮һȡ̡δƣΪдһðաǰ֪Ľʮ޼ʮǰкβͬвЩĹ˼ɡ
һۣصԭħӤڸڵĶдĦŸķţӤæԲ¾Ԫ󷨣ֺܴ󷽵ķһɾ̶㾲Ŀһ
£תȥһںĵʮͷµٶɾ̻ΪмıΪҵѵĳڴɡԱ˵˵ľν٣ȴ䱾˵ԸԶʱܳΪĴأ
⣬뿪ӤħӤԪһ˿΢δʧͬԪңתΪԪֻάִڲѭϢˣҲһɾ֮Ϊδ֮һԵɡ
䣬ħӤгЧ˴ͨһ֮ˮǴߡΪԷ¼ö󷨡֮ΪӤٿɾżһңֳԷơ
֮Уһɢʶ鿴Զ˰Ǻųɣ֮ڲ쳣侲˼ϸϸšĻԼٰŵ֮չȥǰһǿʯͷưײβһ๸ԾᰳǹеǿǡǵһƾɡĿݡɽӵ̯ʮʯĲҪ˳ȥֻһԵպѰȥ
һҡͷ˺Ȼ֪Ǹط䡣ֿǰһͬǿʯͷȴؾħǣ滹ħӡķͼʾֻδüȥޡеʽͨаʩչ˴˶֮£ѡֻһʽӡĴҪЩˣ
ƷǷ벻ϡеĽʯΡĻۣһǬνطḻŷ֮ӲϲѤķԼıӵӣһͷһȭͷܸɴɱ˱áħӡΣӻɬֻΪôʹһɱ
ʶ˷ƷһΪ򵥵·ħΪƳԼǿڡ
һħԳɡ˼һһ㷨˲͸ڵ˲Զһ䶴ħӤڽħӡеӡչ鼺֮ǰԡ
Ƭ֮ǻ𡣸ԿƵĽƣһ̧ץȥɽʱһ΢ıǲ㾭ķ˲ڴɲǣòǣʱȥ๸ָһ㣬衭

Ӵģﵽļ任תɽ羰ɣǺγȻ
ԴɽǺŹĹʦΪ֮Զʿ뷲˽Բҽǰ벽ĳһգ·ش뵽һ续ɽˮ֮Уʮ
ֵܿڡ
ϤЦǰһɲǣһ䶴еħӤӤͻȻˣһ䶴ڸʧ漴Ӱһˣ̧ȥ̧ͷȥȻǳӴ
ѽѽʮ겻ֵܷɸʤǰڰգִСֵؽеյģڴ˴ʶȴԲ
һӣһƽƽϽ«Ҳûˣȴ͸Īƣ޴Ӵȡ˫֣ǹһĨаЦ˫йâʵȻһȥΪͻȻˡ
˫أܣпǧغǺһЦʱյвͬԭ˿ۻһɫĵۣͷһľ仹Ƿӣ̬ȴ˼ƵĳȻš
ĳ˱ܶ𣬳ӲΪȻغǺһЦ漴˦ӣںˮ˼۹ԼǼ䶴һƳס̾˵ȥ֮Ĩȥһ֣ʱˣֵҶ϶Ҳˡ
һٺüѲȳһָ֣ɣȴ쳾Ƽ䡭
Զĳ͵תһһէӡһ˰ͷԶ֮޵ܴһ֮ʧµȥǰԭίֵܲ˼񣬸ǳڳ£ʹ¶ϧ֮İȻףұո¾䣬óɾһμѻ
һѾõĹˣʮٴط꣬ûһ䣬ա˴˼⣬һжôȻ
ˡԹں߼߼һץ֮ͣǺЦ̺ʱĮʮ꣡޵ΣĲɲֵֺܷ
һԭأаЦǰ۹һмһ亮ɭɭĻ˵㻹һλеĵѣβ


894 첻ؼ
ȼ亮֮һһת
ӶԴԤϣŽЦ˵ͲȴĻ˭֪˴ûأ˵ţɷµ´ţֺ˵λ޶⣬ȴй˼ɰ
һһ˵ûĳɱ𡭡
Ӱڰ֣֪֪׵ӣЦǿǿ֣಻ΪĿһУ˵ˣλѷǵûж⣬ʮר̶ѽ漴գֽס۹֮УŻζɫ̾һк˴Ǿ֮أңת˲֮䣬ʧϵƲ֮С
һüɣֱǧɡԶԶһֵӰڻʾ⣬һ׷ȥ
ʮ֮⣬һ޼ʵĳɽ롣һƵɽƺ֮ϣվһλ׹ߡİС뷢ϡ裬ľګдżӴϷӭǰȴֹסԶȥ꣬۹΢΢һ˹
ӡͨһ˵أϵķʱѾû֮ǰ⣬ƣľֱԹޣ˴˽Ǿݵͬ໥¼أҷѾۣǽһл˵ڵ桭ʼճֳΪڣȴڴʱϢɢãȻǾǷȱ̬ⲻ
߹˹֣ϼָЦ̧ͷһˣ˵ֵѡ
ɸߴһնЦȴ䱸ɫŨǰʱѷһλ˵ĴڡȻӴĲˣʧѾõĹޡԷлڴɵΪЩӹò
һŹ޺һתŶԷԵһ߳ӣĳ޹أẓ֪̇ףɱΪҾͬǺεĪҪֶԸҲɡ
һ˦ת߿˼ޣʶ˴Ӧ޵Ѱ֮ãֻΪˣⰡͬΪݵѣιҪ˺أҪɱҪ򣬿ɲ¡˵ţԶ㵽һԣҪԹۡ
޶һ̣æżǫͶֺõ̬˵ֵѣһԡ
ǸϤˣԼİһ΢΢â֪ǰ˻һ𣬸׷ӻѻƪ⡣ֻŽճָμΪսֶΣĸ֪񡭡
һ˫֣丩ܣһĨɫδһ˵ޣ㹴ţɱҾݵѣʮ֮͸Īİɵֵڳӵϣ硣а䲻ʵʱļա
ϡĻҰ׺£򶨵һż˵ɵⶣ죬ָ𡣶ͬԾݣǱ֮
ڳ˵Уߡʮ겻Ĺ򣬴ԪӤϳȣŽһƽĵԷĿǷѵСԾ޴棬ɵûһ٣ģ̾һε˵ˣҵһգұܻƣɼ
һɫءŶһӸµʵ˵ΪҪѰˣݹƣӳ֮󣬱Ϊܻ񣬲ǿƣűͶ󹶻ʱ˾ʵ˽סȵȡ
۹һƳ˵ŵԨڻϤ֮Ψֱ֪ɱڡ͵³Ҳòա
һ°̧ɫ˵˵ˡ
޵˵ͷ޳Ͽҵ˵ǧȷֺϡ
һףɱһʢÿɷ˵˭˵첻ؼ飿ѰҶδա
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һδӦתǸһԵĳӡԷΨֱ֮ҡӣ˵Ĳ°ֻ֮ԭת档Ըѣ籾һĺ
һüһٴתһˡԷ˵ΣұѰš黳ȣǰӣΪͽ
ɣ޷ɫһĳֵҵʵװǡ޸ĸƼƮķ֦ͬʵ̾ݵĵ޿һ֮£ʦػȣѴӦǽȴֿ˼ɣóӼת桭
һУҴļλԻ̻̲գǰλȻʸ֦ˡʦһЦǺǣ࡭
ް˿ȴЦù죬ͷһңĵȰ˵˺Ĵţдָտɴ
һ̧ͷܣкⲻȥĵ˵䶼ǽ԰ֻϧǼλĵѡ˵ţκ䣬ҪϢ˵ļơ
޽ٽӰɫУԲԵظ͵ݵѣ˲ʤ꣡ʶʱȴδ֮Ըδ˵꣬һֻԷͻȻڰʧȥӰȡ֮һͷɫʮӰŹɷļµȻ
޺ȻɫԭԷɱѾ֮ǰһвǷܡ
һֵɲǣ๫޲ԶĳͬŵһƱͻ侪ˣȻԭض֪롭
Űɱ㸲ֻҪһСתȴȥƳٻɾɫ֮£ʹ˻Ȼȴ˿޻֮Ψһ;Сδʹͨ˺ɵĪΪܹ
֪һ٣֮ٹ˲࣬˻ʦŵƬɽƺ֮Ϻйâ֮һռʮɷԲ󷨻Ȼ֣ʱ㽫ڡڴ˿̣ӰһȻ¡
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һĺ𣬴ҡ˼¡ȴʱסڱɱһƵù˼ǿվɫתϲȲش󺰵ʦסСӣֿɵá亰δ䣬ƽðӰһλλڵɵ֡
ͬʱӰɢһӰֳһգ⣬ֻ۹еɱȻ̬л͸żֲķ񡣶գ֮䣬λĸȻڿգʱȻΧס˴ɣɱһ
޽ٺľګȴ⡣󹦸֮ʣתĳԭأƻعȴֻǳͷʾá


895 Ʋ
ԶȺɽççƣɽƺϵĹɫ죬֮һȻٷ磬ǻܵλɵԴ
˫Ƭ̡еĻԽһЩĸп˵Сӣʮ겻ǵû˲ڵΪʵϰĳν춨нգ԰գַ룬صģ
ŵôԣɽƺ֮ϵĹްľ֪СӷͬˣҲ̫죡ڣ˵ڵΪĵֻǻ񲻾ǰĳ֮ޣԼΣڵϦ
ЩܻؿӣԷЦһԲ
λߣŵ˼棬һδŭһڣΪӣλĸ㳲㲻±˳ûѣɽš
ŵڶ࣬ĸȴָ˴־ڱصãȻҪΪǿλϴ˾٣㳲ûɶԷɫʱ߳ߣں򣬻û˸š
Ǻǣ𡭡һЦһһת˵ӿнաԷҪм̧°ͣӿȵǳѿδֹֻǻ˸ط˸ʱˡӴѲעҪùͬڣݸġֻ
ɫڣȴǿŭ˵ֻͶŲܼһȰĪҪ󡭡
һţԹ˵ֻҲµ޻ڴ˴ûϵͶš֪֮ӣȴټ˹ʳ֮
ɽƺ֮ϣްһ⡣ȻЦݣɵóݺݵһۡ
ûṫΣǸڵӸΪǣŵ˽һһһ۹ɫһʵȻ֪˴ҵᣬĪк̲ɣ˴뻷ܣɫֵȥһɵ󷨲ѣӳ˵Χȴ죡ţѰ·
ʦһޣСǴͨн𽣡˳ûġ֮ɫвһ˿ͷȴǰС
һ۹·ɽƺһӼڹһԣ϶޺ЦݡԷȴֻ࣬ŲضŰգ֪ڴʲô
Ǻǣ̵ıһ˫ȭһһЦɫһ䣬ķȻȻֵ뵱ֻԪӤΪ㲻ηԨԼ˵ΧΣӲɱӣúõػաѰ֮ǰȴѰʵ˵˰ɡ
һ٣һָķʢ˵Ŀ̬Ӵʹ޵ıǱ˱գӣֻϲԴ͸飡ҲʶôرţĻӽű㽫Ӳڽ¡
ˣʾ֮֮ķӻԱãʱȡˣŭЦɱӿ߳Բѣӵ죡޵ųڣһӣ˽ͬʱƬƬʱ䣬ըѸâգ۱һõĴȻϾһ·
ٴԪ߶Ĺƾ֮СԼɼĹޣЮŷ硢ꡢס磬͵ĻܼĵʸһȻ壬ΨǳȻķ
Ȼ֣ԸԳסСӣʹλͬŽͷһ˺ٳ֮£˺ΪҲ󷨡
ߣǰ֣СΨһ;ɽƺԹ۵Ĺ޾겻ѡΣѵһһ
ǡڴʱм籩ûһͻȻʧ漴һͷʮɵӰȻ֮״ƣȻԳĿ̬ХŭŵĴ֮һǵеĹΪ֮һ٣ڵ󷨺һٴͻȻ
裬ĪƻϮֱ𵴶Ѱɣ˽ͷһæһмӳԪ
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֮бըѣĿĹâ֮Уһĺ֮κ˺ɨ˷ƵˣԾﲻѡӳֵ󷨣Ӱݿһ١С಻ڵΪữ֮˵

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Ԫ֮͵ϮɱˣΪ֮ǰ޲æ׿ȥʮӰצŶһ
ͬʱɽƺϵĹȻʧֻǵСӵĴ𽣵ףȴԶţȻƾȭΧɴɱһˡ
ʧãȻñ֮УԪѣһѷɽֱ͸Ϊʱ߳ӣ㱰ɡԷЦɣϵĽһû
šֻɽƺ֮ϣǸûĵӱһ͸ʩֵľǸӡ
ˮӸɫмһ䣬漴ɵؼһӻȻ£תӡ
ȻµԪƣͷͻȻһ飬ʲô׿һǽ𷢽۵СԼŲӰ޵۽ֱ鴤µλϷԸСģҪСӡɱ˳ӣȻδ䣬ּ̧һ⣬һ㼱Ϯȥ
ӲŽӴܵɲǣһѾƾˡ赲ƿռݡǵ顱һ͸ȴѪɽֻһֵӰɢڰ֮С
״ǰڡԪѹʼղ䱾󷨱֮ʱӶݡ˵ϷĴ˷ƣǸӵȦ֮У˵Ϊѵľһ
һʱ˿̣ٷŹˣȻһнǰ
ļǵشҴٻطɽڴʱǡ顪һ촫ŭӽթҲСġ
Ȼһλ鳤ں޷֮±һȭŵµλҳɺΧ֮ƣǱ˴ٽΪأͬʱȻĹˣеķ޵пϮǽ۽𷢵ӰˣֻһӰȻ¡
׵壬붼еķ˻⣬ͬʱ֡
ɲǣٿȻ䡪һ֮УӰڿյνɢȻλֵȫһ
״Ϊϲ㣬׳ѷɽҡգ֮ǡ顱һ죬ǻĽȻըƽƵñ˶ȥڰæ֮лͷһƳһɫӰݺݻȭ
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֮УߺĽʱǰһ¹ǽ˲ǧâХȥʱ㽫Ϯ֮ûݴϢĹǡ顱һ죬ҵĽ֮УһɫӰȥˡ
ߣ಻ڵΪƾ͵Ϯռñˡֻ⣬֮սʤްܡ
֮Ϊһĵϸɻδ˵꣬ɫһ䡣
һԪ֮ڰסΣɢӰ£ת˲һֱԭӣۺ˸ɱⲻͬ쳣ȴ޴㵣ֻ΢΢Ц
һ̣ԶĵӰƿնһ˹ЦֵܣΪѰˡһŭȵƲ


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һ뿪Į֮ǰ㰵˼ƽϡ
ģһ޷бѡһУӲԸԸı䡣ĩˣֻԡ
·ж೤жԶܻܲһȥ
ͻȻˣһеһӸ߿һ֪ۡԷһŵԡ֪ԷЦı󻹲Ŷıơ
һڰ֮Уɫ
ʱȴһΣпԡĲˣǷŵԨӡס޺Ƴһ·ɽƺϵǾʬתֳǸɫӰһ
塢ǰ޸ͶţȥʵϲΪ˰ģԷΪӡǷҪΪһʦŵȥţһá
޴˾٣ҲǱΡڷŻϤйһһ֮˱ûôԨΨ©ҪɱڡԾŲѰҾݵĵѶ
ŵԼΪͽΪѰ˿ɽڱЧʦţ˽ģ°вǼλݵѵ䡣
û꣬һƫƧС֮ײ˳ӡײףˣڷһ֮ƴǰӡΪüƣŶԷš
޵зȻܵʦŵĴȴǸ黫֮ѪҪЮ϶Էڳպ󣬻ʹشӦ俴ɼΪϢơ
Ѱһټ֮Ϊܡ˳һ󷨣ֻŴ󹦸ɵһ̡˭뵽ͷǸӵĴ󵱡δơ
һתɫò۹ӹܣǹ˹֣˵Ԩѣ¶ᡭ
֮⣬һſһ۵Ԩŭ棬߳ߣཻ꣬ȴӰв졭
æֱչޣȨ֮ơֻ³֮գؽŹ
Ϊ³֮գԨһ֣ĵ˵޷ҪΪаˣ㣬Һڣﻹк𣿻ǰ𡭡
һʣе㷢¡ԨǸʲôˣȻ̬ʵմྶͥ˺ŵӣĲν
ǵһУǲɱطˡͷ󷢽ղһô򵥡˲ıһֱ˫۾ڽšвأ㽫һʰ
޹˼ɵ̧ͷһƳԳʱţСӵƸˡǸӡ
ԨѣҪѪˣˣѲ롣һԻ˿ǿֵͶ֮ѴϻϤ䣬ȴ񣬻Ҫɱڣǳ׼ڹ޸Ͷ֪֮й¶ָʹü䣬ڴʱ˺ţ޷õļȴ֪ҽơ
Ԩ״ʵ˻ɴŵ˵ļƣȴһĨмɫԲԶĳ˫Цݿ䡭
ӷ˵һƴ˭ҵĳˣ˭ƾǸӴ䣬ȴҲ½ʿ֮ǽǰСָܻη䣬˵㡭
ѿл£Ŀָ£ԨδӦӲˡЦݣȻ˵ʦ棬Ŵɣ˵ö֮ű壬ֱʱԲ֪ʵ˺Ұ
ӣ˵úãԨΪһ䡣
Ӳϲ˵֣ǰʱ򡣳ôû֪ΪȻغǺһ֣ĻӣһԹʾл⡣
ԨǿԶ¶ڽɫתֲɵطԸӣҽһţӽǷŵĳϣ۹ͶǸһֱֵˣһЦ
⣬Щ˵֮ǰԼ֮Уһ˵
ԼԨңĪЦʵɽӣԭӣ˿ɷԼô
ɽӣλߣɫֹȡΪУڵΪһԵʦԭӣֳŲԶĳʾ⣬Ź˵ͽ̡
ԭͬΪߵģ
ԨӺܶʵ͸ͱ˵ơ˵ԼôԼڹֶΣڹȫһУԲΪǿȭǿ뷨ķбųӣɫЦӣǰԼĺΪ֮仰δ˵꣬۹ǰһһӶٲȻ¾յļơ
ӵƤһĽ֮Ա޵֪Ƽܽ԰գҲ£ҡŷֵǰ̤նȥңңкֵܣûУǿļıһ˫ȭ
ʶƹ޵Ĺƣȥˣٴӷŵһ˵ͻȻһвĹ򣬳ϵον˲Ϣ䡣һδʼھܵĶ˵͵ĳӽٽһлΪأĬĬڰ֮С
СӵоԼһޣ޺ް˿ڡעųӵľٶԨѵͽ޹ٴ֡
ˣ㻹֣ߡԨмغһ
ţǧĽ飬ʱ˵ͷһ涼Щ߳ŭ༥أĪҪΪвɡ
¹ţŵĹأں֮ء͵ϮԨ˵ŻĪɱƽΪȶ֣ɵóǳ⡣Էԭδܲ״һĳ֮У顱һ죬ԪС͵һۣԪѱУԼԶһĽɫӰ
䶸˵ŷӶ˲ˣ漴Ӱһϣֻһ˵ģڲŲæȥǵԪ񣬻ֵȥԨ
ԶĽɽԭӾò֪룬ѶΪ˭뵽ԷͻȻѣһɱ
ͬŵĳϣѶһѲֶ̣ʱⲻ˸ͬܶɫѿŵһڵĸ֣һѾõûüʩչһͨں޷֮£øλ³ʵ󡭡
ûʧУ˿æҵλʾ⣬СĽ䱸͵Ϯ
һв˲䣬һ͵Ϯ֮͵ػȭٽλŵʿڴɲǣһֵӰ󺰵飬Ҫֵͬʱһ̾ϢͻȻɿնɺɱ¾Ϸס֡
顪һУĳӲŽһȭӰֱֱˤ˳ȥٽĽɽԭӻعæȡڰգ˿Ѫȴ֫ŭȵһ飬壡˺ƴˡ
һһ֮󣬶Ա׳ҵĳӲᣬȻݡæ֮Уɫ죬룬Ӷ˫ȭ͵ȥ֮Ӱѱ۶׵Х
䡪
ƳգǳꡣĪƶȻ콵Ƶһɶݵһͣ漴׹ȥâ磬ǰ·ޡ
˲䣬һն𡣲ֳɣȻһʮɵĳһǰ֮Ʋɵǳϡ˺˸ڣеǡڴʱ·ɽȻɳӰٴ׾ٵסȥ·֮ǰĻٴ𡪡
ԭˣôĵӡ


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һͻȻסȥ·ڰлֳΡ˫üб۹ӹܣɵɫһԤϣӦӲϾȻˡ
ǰ֮⣬һһվλߡһٵģǳɫۣɫ󣬳üʹ̬ƽ͡һλͿŲ࣬ȴɸòɢƣػȻһ壬Ϊɲ⡣
ǰİԶͬˡһǺŵĴڷ磬ɫ΢ȣһɫ۵ߣƮȻȴŭݡ
һˡɫ̼
ԶԶˡɽԭھ˵࣬ȴԲ֪롣ǹѪĳӣֱת¶εĿЦ
㹴ˣѺʵ˴治֮٣Ϸ㡭
𣬷籩׵֮£һֻǿ򶨲ѰԲߡ̧ۿȥڷԵڷŭɢ·˲¡ĪǺŵӡ
ǰϢŭλǰ²޹ϸֻǡֻǡŵɫұ䣬ġɫԶλߣȴԡԷɫλҡҡͷΪȻЦǺǣӵѺôĻԪӲ;˴ֺαָɣʹѿأ޶˱˴˵ĺһλԪӵ߳£ǳ͵Ȼˡ
ӣĸˣǿߣв֪סԼȥ·˭һ£ִˡ
ӺƲſ˵ˣɫһŶԷңңʾ£˵ĺĸӵѣĳԪӵѣ񡭡δֲֹȻʵһ֮ңͻȻӷһСء
λߴɽð˳漴ڳ˷˶ߡɽȵһصĴ󡣶ʱ΢Ȼ˵˫ۡ
ɫѰζʲôһžþóɲΣͷֲòŵһԵɣһ˶ռô˭Сӽȣһеڵĸ֣ǣõԨڵϤ°¶֮󣬾ȻĽһ˺ţʹŶݾ
λǰ֪ŵ÷ѰţԼйԼֻѰһ䣬ԷߺͣԼľ硭ú֪£³֪ʶԼұƾ˺Сӣ˭ùǵһлˡԸλǰܿ顭Ԩ˵ĲνԼǸӶѡ
̧ͷȥĴҡӶᣬӺЦ˵дɣԪźλˣϴһ·Ѱ˹ڴСĴ޷ͼݣˣֵһᣡ
ԣɫ
鳤룬Щʣ˵λΪβ֪
ӺǺһЦڲеģԶλԪӳ£ӻ˵ҵҪѰ֮ˣһ
ӵƳǸȻյˣתֲɫسųԪ˵˻Էҡҡͷ˵ֺأһڶ̶̲ĹڣԪӤΪ˵ǸӦ֮ˣ˭
ǺǣҶΪ˶ӸЦһ͸źյһжôȻȻɡ
ɫɣʵλִ
̹Ȼ˵֪ʰסС֮󣬽Ұ˼ͬ䡣ս׷ҵвӦ޴롭
˵ĹԶĳӲٿЦȻҡԴ˴򶼳ˣӦ֮ǸʲôֵܣעǸ㶼㲻һؿĲ£รɡ
ʱһһ˼˵Ļаػ棬ȻǸͼӵϣĺ뿺ĸͻһ
ںŵƤӵ£ҵһһ޷ˮһü뷴Ľ̫򵥡Ź޵ıɱıƵΪֹһͷĲ겢δǸΪĲ
Ԩбûк֡ңһԲӦ䡣ֻɱ˱𣬳һһڳӵַֹвԴڴĮٴμֻ֮һ񣬱˴˱ܲµԷ롣֮һĬ
⣬һ֪Լ㲻Ӥˡ쵤һΪȻǵͷڵΪԺ˵ļɵ֡Ȼˣȥ̹ȻһС
ֻǸԪĸˣͬԼἰʲôӦ֮ˡҪɰ˴ȵȡ⻹ǺĪ˲֪ȻߵԵʣǴǰǳ鷳Ӿ˰ڲ
ǺǣλǻƣһֱǫȶӣЦһһԵĴڷ΢΢һѵüʦ𡭡
һҺʿִԼ£˹ʣӻ滺ȴϡŸӣֵλԶ䲻Ӳ²⣡˭ָ֤һйأ㣬㡭۹һɫԶĸҿ
ӲΪȻЦЩ¶֪áԪӸ˵¹ҽĳԶǿʶӦ֮ˣСɣýĸ֪ˡ
Դѣӵɫ鳤룬Ȼ˵νӦ֮ˡĴԴУλȴô˵ڣǱҺ֮ƣҪץˡʣĺڣӷΨ²𡭡
һϵ߳ʣνڷΪʦⷬкãȴ뱻ڱ㵲˻ȥ赭д˵ԶۣΪڸƣұҭʳĩáյеնͬǰгɵһգĪҪҽյడ
ԪΪȻص˵ͷ˵ӵԲӵҪ裬ҶסһǷǹϣе
һ˵ˣӺһڱѹ꣬˴ʿ޲üһգⷬûʵ˵ǿνҵʵԷ·硣
ֻɣӳֵһ˺ʿŶоѯʹᣡ
ӻ׿˳Ԫӣ漴ǺЦˣ
۹һת˲η̹ܵȻ΢΢ף˵Ȼڷ˵㲻塮ǳ֮ҷʩչ֮Ϊǿڽм޶֡ԨȻϮɱ⡭ɫȴؽֵħͨǽڴʱ˵أϷ򲻷һŵѰԼ
ԪǳӦеѯ
ĳӲ˼תɵð˿ȴмذһѪĶ٣ŵܸƨã
֪ȥأԻ̻̲
ڷЩ⡣ʦӲŵѲΪӦ١ˣһ£˼Լؿƿ
һֱϹۣһһЦԨԼˡһУ˼ҵ֮СڳѰĮʱԼ㰵⡣һʱһʱ


898 ɢ
ڶķתһͷϡӦֻ΢Ц̬ζ
鳤룬˵һֻҪ㽻ϷȫӽҺ˴ܾ͵ͨдһϷ£δɰ
ѣǺ⣿ɫ졣˵ǧӻҪռôռȻˣֶܿءȻǰĹǰ׷ѡ
Ԫ̾˵˾⣬ʧ塭
Ӷ˵ķδֻ˶һӵӴڷתУ֪˵Ĳ֮ǰµףһ١ͬΪˣڶ̶̲䣬ΪǿĪͨѷ֡ʣڽֹ֮ˣ
󣬴ӷԨУӸǲȻѡɵѣһھר˲꣬ȴħ޶һ콵Ӣţӵ֮ձֹЪҲԴﵽ˵ľ硣ѵҪˡ
ǽѣ±̫ƽһԶŵǼ٣ҲӦǻ£ҪΪáȻֻ»ź
˵ˣغɵݴ
ǰ̧˲ʤְ̿һ첻ڴʱһ䡣ع˹֣˵òλҪıϰһ˵ɢڣˣ˵ţתߡǰҶˣǿڲ֪нҡ
ü˵Ϸл˵һΪֵ޴ȥ
ԪһЦת˵Ǻǣֺãӵԡ
һ׿ӣ˵޴ȥҲŲò˴ֿˣɢ
΢΢㵣ɫɻ
ĸȤ˵СӣںǰǰûĸСӵõĪ˵ڴˡ
𣿡һתǰ·λˣȻؼЦλǰȮ·Ӳ֪˲Ƕ
ӲŭݣǺЦСӵ͹𡭡ԡδ䣬ԪӾȻȶ֡ǡ֮䣬ĪʱǧɷԲڡڳʿԱƳȦ⣬ֻһСܲضʧɱء
ɫأȴɲ
λ˵ͬʱѣ׵һǲӣЦӵ·ԡȻʱһʮɵĳβǻӰһʵʵڵɫһɫƬƬۼ׼Ӳצɷ졣
״޲ȡ޵廯βΪ棬ǰʵĴڣԼǺպյһ
ʧˡӦؼͻȻһϡĳͳԶǡ֮ɲǣצٿȻǰ

һĺУغҡһ£֮˼ϸ΢ĺɫѷٿûܵűѳڡȥԶ٣ֿһֱ˹ȥ
˾ԶԶ㵽ʮʿԶݡǼɫѷ죬ײ¡һСĸˣȻ̣̾Ϊֹ
ŵҡͷţֵ䰡ӳ˽٣Һ硭
ԪӸɢ˴ɡϷŲķĽɳǧɷԲ˲˼֡
㡰顱һٴαסȥ·䷭Ųݣɢɷֻһݺݴǰ

һ֮УƲ谭Ʋɵ
һ磬Ԫʾ£һӭȥ̧һ㣬һֶԷݵĳ͵ػУ顪һµ˳ȥ漴ɢֳΡ
ȥƲЦ˵Сӣ־ܣǵȻը漴ǧâ˲㽫һס
һȴġǺ˵ͨͬСɣ̺Ĳ֮Īǿ㻯ʩչԴǵϮ֮ʱ̺ԼĽ·мܡһͭǣֻ·űҪشҡ
һֱԹ۵Ӳɵ˫üδٳɣ˫ʱΪ֮һǺӺȥȻͼ
Ӽ֣Ⱦָһݣ漴ǧâȻһգȴӰֻһˮ״Բڰյת
֮£ӻȻʧĪԪȻƭϷѱ桭
ԪæȻһټ˼˵Ԫķţ뱾һ޶ѰԪ
Ӹͣ۹ƳԶɫһ֮ڴ˴ֲֻ޵Ϊ޿֣ԭ
ǡڴʱһʷδ£ѱһѸץȥһö
ڳ˲ԣֻԶ˵ǰĴ
۹һתеȥ漴мж̴ٵĻӭ𣺡ϮԳһ
λϽԴʧɫŵȻˣһ˴ȴȥѰȥˡǾ䡰ѡɽšĻԡ
ǰš鼱֮Уתȡɽڵɽ֮ңȸϻȥʲôˡ
ߣŲҪҲգ߳һ̧ȥлȻѳһڷ϶̤УٿӰ֮ɲǣԪѿնȥ
ˣö붨Ѱһȥֳˣɫ²ͬ
ڷ۹ŵϣҡҡͷ֮£ʮþȡ˭ǸһȻзλĸǰȥǰ˵ĲҺĳһλˣ
˼֮Уڷɫһ˵ѣǱѺŵĹأȥʦ
˲ҪߣѱɫĴڷסȥ·򶨵ط˵̬Σݺȥﲻ١һԵĳϸ͵ҼڷѶͨڡһλϸŹ֣ȴֹ
ڷ絭һЦ˵λ˸˹ȥӦ޴󻼣Ѵȥηδ֪ҲͬΣ
ɫ΢䣬ͲסŭѺαˣѲһŲ𡭡ڷ粻Ϊ۹λϵϣ˵ѹΪ죬ںλǰأڣױؾλĪҪ󣡡
Եλɫͷһţûյĳȣŭڷ磬ʱˣ㲻һɵʦţ˵ԷɫмӦ۹һֵҡҷžȼͷѰۣǡδ˵꣬Ȼתƿռݶȥ
ڷǺЦһԭʧȥӰȻһ̾Զ
һֻͣгӻڶת֪ͣʲôλŵĳϴӷŵľлعеĽɽʵҵָΡԭӵͷ˵ȻˣҷǣѲø⡭
Ĩһ̴Ѫ˵λξϣֺңŻмλϣβȥһ
ɽ˰Ѻ룬ԳɣֿһԵԭӣ˵Ϊ֣֮ǰ鰡ʦֵŵù֮ˣ̹룬˭Ϸɽź˱Ϣأ
ԭид˵ǵƴȣʦֵһĶ֣ѣ鲢֪㿴
Ӻٺһ֣˵˭λһأȻҡʾ£һظķʱ죬е˵ǼλϽԸԺķűλֵܵң
ɽԭæǫõʹãƾһ²ż汸֮˼ŷɣ
Ӻ˵ʹã˭һŵһذϡ


899 Ŵ
ɽŵ˰ߣɽٴһƬҡ
һŻ۵ˣɷƣɫа񣬲طɵɽİɽ֮缦ɹӰ
һâɽͻȻʮòΪʿţһٴСڵĳϣһȺڵĵӣ֮ʱ㼱ҴҰڿס˵ȥ·ΪһŭȵǺˣ󷨡ɽšɱҳϡ
ֹסȥƣƳܡµʿɢֻв˼˸;ɱĳϣû뵽вġŴȥнգ
һרΪŶȻҪ󡢻šɱˣкβס˵ſֵɢȥգи翹ߣĪӴɱ䡭
һӵģǺʱƵķ˵һһѰԪ˺Ϊ֮ǰоֹܱݣԶ£ױƳƾ衶ĻԼŵ֮ʹƵķ֮в޷壬ΪӤ
ǰӤֻԪ֮壬ȴʵġ᲻ɴݵ֫ױʶƱĿƵ֮䲻ԭΪʵ֮˱仯硣˵ӽһһǿİ֡
ֻϧһδüħӤķӱѰˡ޵ͻȻ֣ʹΣĽ٣
ҲܳΣΪһ鷲Ůʮ꣬ٲǸ֮޵ζԼ١ĸ˶ϣһ鷳ˡһ̣Ҵ⣬Ĵ㣬ȥ˱ӤӦΣֻ֡Ҫܶһʱǿ֮Сʱ˭κβԼ
Ӥȥṫ޵ʱŵĸ־Ӥԭһ壬صһнΪϤлɳãһϴڸջؽ;Уǡ;ŵɽ˸
ŵĹһ˵ν졣Ǳ֮漴ȥ˷ɽԳֱֻҪɱ˶ԷʿɢӣٺһűؽΪ֮Ԫˣҳͷһڶ潫ųײʱաȴû֮⣬ӤѱĸΧ
һһҵʿΪУҼ̷أͷӡǸ鳤ŭ˽Լڳɽŵļơ
ûӣȴһ֪һûģһʮѷɽỷҡгâ߳Լֲӡһӣɱʱ㽫зʮס֮㽣ٿȥ
ɫ䣬ȵСδֹѪסһ㱣漴Сһۡ侪ѣ֮ʣԼԷץһԪתһλͬ顭
֮ͫ£λʿʧȫ޻̱֮ץȥԪȥǬ䡣ЩʿܣΪʱʮѷɽңոһһʻҺ˷Ѫ쳣һԴδɽϷȥӵĵǣȻμסѪϴŵˡ
һһӹ䶴ĵرԼ۵Ķһɨա֮ɽɽ֮ϻɽһƬǽ壬ŵĵߴ롣Ľ⣬Ȼҡҡͷ
꣬һɫһڴ˿̣һһӰƾն΢ɲ֮ûڡ䱾ȴżŭת̧ȥƵɽ죬һΡ
һҡֱϣ˫裬ɳת˲֮䣬ٽƶˣ͵ֵȥ֮лȻðһѺɫľ޸Юŷ֮ƺȻȥ

һ춯صĺ𣬾޸ݺҲʯ壬ֱȥ˰ɽ塣ɽʯмһ¡¡𶯣ɽΪ֮þƽϢ
һ̤·֮ϣŴ󿪣ƼǰֿɵáȴǺ޺һڣ̧׳һСġʯ淨ʯͷ˲仯һɶ೤ۣ֮䡣䲻飬һ̤֮ڣʮһɾʱǶǷʯ̨ϵ֮С
գ֮䣬۵ǰ˻óһƬľɫǵǹ֮䣬ıʾһĿȻǧ֮⣬Ͼ˼²˳٣δ룬ѡȡһϤּһ
ɲǣǧǹ⵭ȥǰΨһǳָŷһǴҴҴ˼͵һʯ̨ǰֻ΢΢һ䲻ɵû׿ֻãɽʧ֮С
ͬʱɽϵİУͻȻѿɫķ϶ֳ֮ӡԪӵӰһâ˸һתƷ׷ȥ
Ƭ֮λֹסȥơ޾ǿ֮Уž쳣ﻹһټ
ԪӾ˵СнۣԶҵָǺá
⣬ַһ߳ˣɷˣлңĪɣǣ˸Ѵ̣һ˦䣬ɢʶȥһ
ӺǺЦСӻ쳣к֡ûҶǰƾŵһ֮Ը֮˴˻ǰӺúıһⱻռȻ
ǳȻͷ졣
һǰֹʾЦҵȵĲͷһۣԪʱ͵²ܣ󼺰ǰ·ִ٣ҶҲȲѣпԭ
ʵ֮£Ԫ֮Ⲣ֪Ӵһ̹ģ˵ٴѰС֮ǰҶͬй¶¡ͼ޶£ӦһıĳԶΪȻ񡭡
ת۹ڸԪӵһɨ˵ͬΪıλĪҪ󼺣ˣ԰գԹ֣һ̤գ˲ʧȥӰ
Ԫεҡҡͷ˵ȴʧƫġ
Ĩ˰Ѻ룬ǺЦҶ˿Ʊֺۣγأֻ̬δ֮ǰˡӵǶˡλͬãʾޱɾ֮Ϊʱ磬ҵȲȥһߣԸͬС
Ԫӳ£˵˴Щʱգδˡ
ӻ벻ЦǺǣϤ㣡
Ԫӻûʧżֳ˵ǰ⣿תĪ֪һ
ǺǺһЦ


900 Ǽ;
뿪ɽһ˲䣬һλ˵Ӱҵ˫ǰʯ̨֮ɲǣܻһ΢΢£漴һֱ
һ֮һӷŵ״лع۶֮죬ǴԽǵ֮󣬿νٿȣƿֻʮ֮һ
۷ɶݵһĪһԴ˲⣬ڴȴһƣ̼ࡣ
ǷǶɾʯ̨ϣһ㵭ĹâԴԴϵԪ֮лټӳֵ鲼ķ֮Сǰһƶɵʯ齣һϥ棬Ỻ˿۹̧ɫȻ͸ǰ˵ķǿվչԶ޼ʡǧǳ޲â׶ءѭŹԴȥĵ룬һֻգɢĪơ
ԭӣ񷲻ٱֻǳпտ޼뾲Զ
һ۹¶һĨȻЦݡġ꣬˰һգֻǻҪ۲ųɣ۳ҵĿ⣡
˼Ƭ̣һ̧յȥǰɫ΢΢仯ͼӣһǹΪĿԼӶ꣬ϳǡʮе򡣵ʱæѡȡľ޼ڵĵطƽȣ˾ֹǰĻþҪȥǸ𣿲֪Ƿ׷˹
һ룬ʶ͸۲ȥδ͵ر˫۰һ
ʶ뿪۵һѸ׷ɳȥǧ֮⡣⧲֮£ʶ֮ԶǡͻȻʱһԽסæǿ񣬺һӻ㱲ѡ
֮һŻ˫ۡʶòǿȴǿ֮΢ԵɣΪԵʣ
Զδ٣ԼǺ˵Ķ֡ӤǰѡֻϧæջؽԸǧڵ
۰żȶ·ǰɳۣһգƬ֮϶һƴơһйŹֵΣһСޡӵС֡ǵʱ˵޼棬ġ򡯣˿ɳִѰȥа֮
˵򣬲֪ǷָĽƾƶ޼Ǳ޼꣬ʧΪ֮٣һ̽ԼĶʶһ½ڡΣѰغȡؽֻҪԼ˺Ϊ֮Ϊ塣ʯս̤顭
һ֮һ˼ƽϡ죬޼ʣһʱƣ
ħӤ޸СɵΪӤæƷϾСɵľ硣
Ӥ֮УֻӤȡ䲻ӵĻһ飬гԽħӤͷΪ֮֮Ƶ壬ʵ仯Ӧ⡣ǳΪһֻǲʩչӤħ޵ֶΣƾšǿеͬʿ
ӤħӤ֮һͬʩչħ޵ͨΪҪһǰȴӵбʶ󷨡Ⱦ򡣺һͭڣƾš콣ڶҵʱвڳԿ
ֻΪһ̫ħӤҪ뷨ӸȥΪͬǿĴڡ
һ΢ӤѸʵӣۺһϥ£ֻ׿һǬ˹ȥԷָ֮ϣִóɾһ붨
꣬ħӤ͸ӤвͬҪһͷ˼ƮĪơԪ֮޷Ǭ䣬Ѱ˵ط¡һǽħ뼸ö˹ȥԷ漴ӹ˼ڤ
һӤ˴˼以Ϊšһа˲Եʡ꣬յԻָı𡣴ʱ˿̣Ѳ˷ֺĿ̬鵭Ȼ͡
һֳΪ˵ǸѰСʿһͨķӡֻ˫У˼˪ŨԲɣĪǡ
ԭеӣһͷΪȻҡҡͷ
֮УִħɽʧȥԱң
ûħڣħëѪ֮ӣǧ˵Ǿ仰δԾݵţȴ޵ħ
ʹſ۷ŴﲻʧʹȻӣ
˼棬֪չȥһشоѹԽп಻ǰʯ̨ǶɾԪѲ֮ǰɣҪȥȻͼңɼһǹ⡣
ãȴ̫ɾ㣬Ҫ⾡ҵף
һæ鿴Ǭ䣬Բ滹ǧɾ֧۷ɸʮաʱִܷ򣬻޴֪;ûɾͬСʧȥ˫ǿɾ鷳ˣ˵ˣûкΪԺԽ
ΪŴɾӦ˺֮ã˭һ۱Լ׽⡣ɾǶƣ
ãֻԸ˳ˣһһǬʯ̨֮ϣһһԲ鿴ԨǬɫҡӤʩչĻţǺĸ˶Բλڵĸ֣ԼһĴˣδ֮±⣬֮С
һ漴Ǭʶӡǣһо۵סٶɾ֮⣬зҩȵ
Ϥʿɻǧ꣬ߵԪӱ˵ϡԨΪһ֮ǧĻΪɹۣеɾɽȼü֮ʱ
һЩۿģæɾרһǰǬ䡣ǰɱŵ鳤ϼʮĵӣЩ˽Ҳ
Ƭ֮һԳһЦһѹãʹԼǧɾֿɶ֧ʮ¡˵ܰȻִ
һ԰йǰĲ֮ơֻƲˣ˷ܡʱ֮ѽһʰ׵δؿǰʣµļǾſԼö
Ө覣Ƕйķģ滹ص־šǷŶ׮дΪһĸȤϸϸ鿴Ħһ
һʱ֮һһöư߹ӣӦЩͷ֮һƪȱȫһɬѶ
һö˺һеķ롰׮е£Ӧǣˣƪǲɶ֮
һ²һ׮롶Ӹ˲ԶħӤһö֮ɫһͼֻеʮ֪ľвͬ


901 
һʯϣĬĬǰɫȻ
ǰ˵ķ󣬿塢ߣɣ״ᣣܻͬ΢Ĺâ䵱ֵı翵һǿգֳԲַͬɾͼģɼʮıǡ
ͼչֵ龰һʵءǳԶб𣬸侳֮СٽյءͼľͷԹ֮⣬ʮƣһͼӡĲֻ
һֽʶеͼ򡣴ӷŵԨ϶ҲںõΨһǿͼֻеĽʮͬȴ֪ʮͼעķλг롭
Īͼмٲɣһģ
һ̧ۿͼüͷȥԨǷͼֻһǵδ֪ڡҪԼ߶ˡ
뵽˴һЩΪѡͣ·ɳ۵ۣơδ֮ǰ
һ뿪ʯ齣ڷǰŲӣԳɲ
ǡڴʱ΢ⷽкǴ̶
һѭףʯ̨뵵ĹâԻңɾмý΢΢һ۵ĶٺƸתһԵķ֮ǿɣԲһɳ˶Զ·̡
֮УһΪʯ̨ϵ󷨻õɾԺ߶ۼǰУŷصʯ¡˼Ƭ̣ʮͼٴóԨµͼϸϸա
֪չȥһӾ˫ۣƣСС֮УӡǺ޼ʵǿգǧǳμǲһһȽϣʵ֮
һڽ⼸Ϊ󷨸ɾ֮⣬ѽȫ˼ϵö֮С˵δȫȴҲûа׷ѹ
µͼ֮Уʮڵλƶ¡޲ܼǳ߲ǹ⣬ȴΪƲѡʧ֮壬ֹǧ
޼ͼΪָ·󡣶Ԩͼ֮м٣߶ûдָ˭ܲԼɣ˵뿪ʱЩǿⲻǱ
ȥǲ䷨ǽȡԨͼһأǼӦ䡭
һͷ޼ƿʩߣȡϽ«ʱʱСһڡ۵Ĳ岼˷µĵطˡպħӤӤռݣʯ̨ǰһСƬ϶ⲽصģ
ڴʱħӤ̧ͷһЦадЩĵ⣬еӶ¡һӤͨһȻⷬ⡣ԷһƲұ֪Σܱ׮ɼһߡԸͨЩô
ħӤ˵ֻааһЦĦеӤԹꡣȴҲصͷ
˵ҷ˽Կȴ£ʩչԼͨ
ʴˣӤֿ֮һΪ뾳磬ȻħӤ档ԷǿȴԻݼֻӤһ壬Ϊǿʱ
һħӤתǰķĲ֮Уִ̧һ⻪Ť󣬱һؾˮ˵ʵǿģֻʣµǹƮ롭
Ī⣬һ֮۹˸һֱһ־Ͻ«δڣɫһڣһ޾ǿֳֽһв쳣ĪǴ
һɻȴɵõɴ˫ۡһؾûһɿԽۣת˲ʧǿ֮вӰ
Ȼ׳Խۣʲô
֮죬Ӧÿ첻ʿĶݷǰѣʱͻȻȫԸֻҪλ˵ʶȥ¡ǵ죬Ǽδ
һ֮ʱǵͻȻִǰð˳ɢʶһ̽ԷǼ׹˲仮ٴηԶ
һת۵Ĺǲ֮Ѿ˸أΪ֮ƣ
һƲ⣬۵βͻȻ顱һ죬漴͵ز¡ͬʱǵٴԽۣһӰһš
ͻʹһȲѡǶȻǳ۶ããǿգִ˰Զ붨еӤ͵˫ۣ͸ħӤǶе˫ź⡣
ףˣһǵٴ۷һӭϮ¼ȶ·㲻ܸķͻϮ޴Ӷܡ
ֻĹǡ顱һ졣һһ򣬲ɵɫһ䡣ܹâ˸ȻײסⱦƵõʵδһķѣͲסڰ
ǿи·˭˭ˣǹԺηԵҪƷѣ
һ¶⣬ȴδҳɣæһ־ȥƼβ˵֮ڴɲǣħӤһع˱һҧ͵ش˳ȥ
Ծ۵˲䣬һױ͸ٲȻٴСէһǿ֮У룬׷ǰе۲֮ϣžĿɵ΢΢һ
׹ڴ֮УֻС˷Ϊգȫƾ裬ȵĿտʹһ̻̣һãã
һ̣ûңǰֻвǳ͵㡭
ǿ֮У֪ΪΣһûɵͷһ䡣Ǻĵʧ䣬ޱ޼޴ӶܵĹ¶һʱ˵
˴˿Ԫտšķʹ˲ܡ㾳أѰʿ棬Ϊʱķֹܾ硣Խ޼ʵѴ֪
תĹһһǵԶֱԼײ˫üһշʮӡٿȻȻһԲ͵ǰȥ
䡪
һ֮УǵͻȻʧֳ֮һͷΣȻڰ֮зͷͣ峤࣬ޣ𣬱˫ȴĿªһ˻
״һüͷݵ伮أԶޣ׶𷣬Ʒ𽣬Ϊޡ˴ͻȻðôһͷԶޣȻηħӡʿ಻ضá
¸£ˡ
һһ⣬ﾹȻԣɬѶȴҲסȶ˫ţֻԵ̰Ȼǲĵļơ
һɫһڡ޲ǿ˹ǿ֮ȥ硣Ī֮ôһǿʵͷۡ˾ݣ޿֣Ϊ
ڵȴʲôһɵûͷһۡȻֹסȥƣڰĿС֮⡭
һɫһ͵̧ͷԶǿ֮Уʮɳ۶


902 
Զ쳣һ˲䣬һһͷѲٶһȺӦ
¸£ˡ
ڹЦɤź²Ļ伫Ϊĵ⣬Ȼڵȴͬǵĵ
һҵ飬ȵǺˣԵȥ·
ҡ˫˻ɬ˵ҡ򡭡򡭡٣
˻˵١һйԷ¡һնгâ˫Ȼȥʮʮ֮ȻͣЪ̶һ˵ɳ
ԣ˫һ󶶶һâƶʱܡ
һɱʼʩ¶һĨаɫǽϵطк˸ķġ˲䣬ˡ¡ӡ֮Ѹ˶ʮ֮ɲǣлȻðһߡɴĺɫ޸Űݵĳħ棬Ϊˡ
˭ˣ䲻ݷ֮ʣһ̧һ㡣޸޺ȻȥǡȸƺХһն
顪
޲赲޴мܣһ촷ۡʧðһһģһԾŵغɱ仰δ䣬Ȼֹħӡڣصʱ㽫ٴɡ
һŽ֣δȴΪǹһĿɿڴϸ΢ĺɫѪٿڵħӤУɱͷ¡ǧ֮⣬ִĵð˳ת֮ʲɱҡ
յײˣһ׷ȥŪȻвʮͬٽʱ߸ʱ
ǺơδɢһŤͷ֮Сرղţ߶۵ǰâһ͵ǰ۶ȥǿһĺۼ
תۼ䣬ԭǷǿжʮġӰһ׺쳣֮ǰǸޣؽеˡۡ
ȺΪޡΪ׵һȴǳɷ䲻һ˺󺺵òмƺΪ¡תһ˫ӣЦסһʿ㵹ù
Ϊ׵һϹſʽӣߵģİɫ𺡣Զһۣ˵ʿ;˴ɷŹ
¸£ɷŹֱ죬Ⱥڡ
Ǻ󺺿Цɱˣᱦδ䣬ͻȻðһԷɫ΢΢ȶ£âն漴ʧԭءһХʮɶݶȥ

֮ڣһ˫֧Ƿʯ̨޿κΡ
ããǿ֮УдٵġԼԭŴĹʵˣ
ֻʵԶԸΪĺڣȴǿڶݷͨɱ
ħӤʱ꣬ħӡ֮ȸӡνӡһĻ޸ǺĸҲ赲Σӵˣ
һŵҡҡͷתеΡħӤСɵľԲħӡɵľѪ޸ϵɴ˿ɼǰɱء﾿м
⣬ЩħӤƾɾȴһ˿йأֻǻԵɡΪȴǵؾаһƾѪֻȥӡȥᣬ˵ĶΪУħӤħԲŻţΪ棬֪㲻ħ޵һ¡
뵽˴һɵҡҡͷϾˣҪЩٵ޲¡ʲʶϹЩﲻΪǿ׺ǳǱܶԶ֮Ϊ
һ̧ۿǰеͼԳЦȥĵطƫʱѱѡ񡣷ɳе۸תҲͣ
顪
ǡڴʱһͻȻ󡢴Ҵ۸һҵĲһæͷȥ⣬һĺڰһִŶЦ˹һߣʮޡ
Ǻ߽Ա˫ΪǿĻһȻֽס˿ڣת˫ּһķ͵뵽ǰʯ̨֮Сâ֮һ̼Ȼӿ졭
֮Уҷʮɳһ⣬۵糸һǰɡǻﲻʾһ׷ᡣ
Ϊ׵ĺӼҪѣ˫͵һɫâʱ䣬仯һٿȻǰգ۱׷ۡǺЦţӶеһִʯƱݺ˹ȥ
顪һ죬۵β˶ʱһ飬ȥ֮һ³ȥԵĳٶۣѴʮ׷ϡŹֵķ¡
顢顢顭
۱˷˼⣬µ𵴲ݡ֮еһȻɫֻ类ˤ˳ȥΣͷ޼ƿʩܲҲɱǻͽκΣǱˣԼûĵطѱû
֪鼱ǣǱƴһأһ붼ץһʮɾҪǮƵǶǰ֮Сһ죬˫ּӳַһġ
ɲǣ䡪һ΢ı죬ʯ̨ż£ҫ۵ĹâѸܣǿķעڸ֮У۵ĶΪ֮ȻڳǵȺŹ
ǺһȺͬæĲֺȴȥȥķЦ򣬶ֱһӣ㻯һʧԶ˻Ȳѣһ²׷ȥ

һŽѾȴִĪ͸ǰ˵ķ󿴵һİδ֪ڽ󡢽ٽǰҪȥԶ
ǣߴˣ
Ȳ֮£һҴҼֻм۵ȥƣſԳԸ·꣬һǰʯ̨ϣԹâĿԪǿȴܲݡ˫һ仨ɡ
ԾŲһͷһתܣлͫ֡βݣеķ߳ɱ١󻷻β𻵣꼰ۡ
ŻΪ۵ļ̶ңɻδȺ

һļµһתǰɵõɴ˫ۡʯ̨еɾһһѣżζæֿǰǿİδ֪御Բֻɽӭ
һ̣ۺֵҰ׹ǣ޴ӼԦ
һ㵣漴ֿ
Ҫ⡣ö֮ϰΪ״εǼ֮ãͬʧ֣
вֻ֪ʲô
䡪
ڴʱһͻ漴Ϊڰûҵĵһ羪κ˰ȻԵȴ˽ٵһȻʯضԭءɲǣ˫оһȻβ˵ĲŲһСʧһ˲䣬֮ûټ
֮ĿѨ֮УʮڵӰ


903 ù
ǱһͨͨɽȣïʢϪˮһ¡
һɽϡ£ʮݡɽŵұϣɼѨܻդݣȴżӰ
һСӻɽ¶ԶԴȥʮз١ɽȪ̶һŻ۵פ
˶ʮͷģֹȡ˫ü絶ǳ΢Ƶɫ͸ůĹò㡣ҷ磬âΪŵСϽ«ֻ΢΢ǻһĨЦ
˴ʲôطڵգȥΪð˳أָδȥȺٵļһﻹ
дòŴģΨһĪ֮У̧ͷ
λεͷƱԭĴһȦֱһƬȻϡԶмȸѴСǳԼɼһֻ񡭡

һ͵һ̶εһƲǡ۹һֻ߶೤Ĺ񻮹ͷٿȻûɽϵĴвˡ
Ű׷ɱһһէ˭ǻ̫׶Ѳأʱ˿̣ʶ壬Ψй¶мɶһʿ˵ǱʵãزģСĲɰ
һҰοһתܵΡˣ¶ݣǽǵʱЩǧϹҲضáһ˶ľɳڣֱյŅֻ̀꣬־䣬˼Ѷʧȵơ
һɽˮдУŨȴԪ֮
һԵϢ£˼ѽɽŵģֺϤԪ֮˿˿ȴΪħӤɣΨӤΪҴݵӡ
⣬ڵһƹѭϢԼӳתȴû޶ǲ䷨̫΢Եʣ޴֪
һݰ˷ҵ˼̶ˮ߸ȥɣˮ᳢Ȫˮڸ漴ָĨһѣپ泩˦ȥһˮΣ⵹ӰһҰȤȻ
Ƭ̹һת̶ˮߵһ֮ϡ㲻ʶʮɽϵĴ仹˫ۡʮﲻ٣Ѱ˴ס˵ĵط·̽һ
һ˼ƽϣѭϪˮ߾ٲǰûһĶż˻˴ͻȻͣתȥ˫ĿȻ
̶Ա߰һʯɽ߲ɡʱɽïܵдܳһӰﻹץһֻתŲΪգ۵ĹԾ£顱һһԶץŵһϱ㽫ͷšˣɵҧȥ͵꣬׺Ѫһڣ˰غǺֱЦ
һԭأȻߣ֫׳Ƥ壬뺷Ұʮ㡣һͷҵĳɢȥȴ¶һŴӣǸʮĺģϻѪտ񣬸Ƹδ̻ܽˡ
۶˭Ѿ˹޼ɵشһԷػֺǺЦϵãҵ
һδӾ׹һϵ⺢֢ˣǱзף
۶һ٣˸ãڵѪȴֵؽЦҵһʿγƺ
⵹ùӣһǼһߣ漴׿ȥתһ۶Լĸͷ˵ȴġһͷҷմмɽϵĴ˶áһŴԲϣŻɫ˫ͫУ͸Īײеɫ
һһЦ˵һ۹ֻϣֵ˷Թջ񰡣Ǻǣ˵۶仰δ䣬Էȥ˵ԭʿȴԲԡ
ǺӸеĿ𣿻ǳ˾װۣһЦɣʵ˻Էڴ˵ġ
һ۹һɴ಻
Ȼ۶Ȼ˵ﳣôѵҵΪʿҲˡһǺǺһ֣תԽһֱԶȥеɫɣ͸˵Ĺ졣
״һæ
۶󲽲ͣ˦е˵˵ˣ񼴿̻תҪȥЪţűǡ
Ǻǣд⡭һɫһ׷ȥȴ˫лͫ˸۶һɨûһʵȡҰƲһĶã˼ѡǰ⣬ʱŲɽе쳣ˣһССĴͬˡ塭
ϪˮһڲݴеСһǰһС۶ҪŻؼңһһɶԶȥǽý쳣һŷźۼؽС
۶ͷƳۣ֮ʾ£˵ʤҰΪ֮㲻֪֣˵ˣۻûʶ
ʤԶŲеһַݣ˭һϳһΪȻЦЦ۶˵ﶨѵġ
һغ֪۶˷һһУ֪


ʮ·̲Զ˱߱˵ϵ˽ǰ۶˵ͷϲһϴŹŹֵЦ⣬̧۴ǰ
һ·ϣ۶ĵĻдԻϤ˴и˲ƣ
ֻжжˣжΣȻֲס
۶㽫ߣǸĲ򵥣˵ͬ桭
Сӣͨɽµʯסһ£۶ʰǰУԷ˵Ǻ壬ǡ
䲻һĲйĶѨŨܵ°ڰڣҲľٽڵһԺǰ˻۹һϣŲһ١
һλ뷢Ұ׵ߣɫѻŵۣǸʿװ硣һת۶Ȼ۶
ɱһֻʤһʿ˵ˡ
߼æִߴٵ˵ˣδأٻؼܴ۶ʱù࣬Ӧ㼲бȥ
һڲԶͣ½Ųŵؿߡв²⣬ȴǴ⡣۶ĵȻһλڵʿİӡӵ¡
ڴʱңң˵С¶״£ºȫһд󣬾˵;żɣѰ˴ĳҪһлǡ
ʧ񣬲֪ʲôδ۹һʵֵԺηǡֻȻǸ˵ӣѣ
塢Զ˴˶໥԰ȡͻȻԷһ˵һסͷһ죡ĪǽĻ򣬻ǻ򡭡


904 
ССԺ䣬ľ
һ֦Ҷïϴµİǧ̲һȦݾԻ䡣ǺΧϸԣһӵʯǰһԶ
һ֮ӽλڴԵСԺӡǫһ𻰡һȻҪԼҵѯʡŻ룬Ī
ڴ˴סǧ꣬ڵ֪һԽĸ⡣Ƕ͸ż׽ڱ˴ͬԵʡһ˵գȻԭܣѹ֡
ˣһż˵Ҳá֮֮Ӧ֮ӿ֪֮ǲȻѡ
򲢷ǻ򣬶һΪ֪ڡ˴ǳ֮УΪԶռݡǻޣڼΪĺᣬƾ츳ͨһЩ壬ռڵƬǿգһͷܡ
һܲӵӪִ˲ƣţĸֳʣȴԵɶ֮Ժ޵޼ɵһżƬǿյʿ㵹ùˣĪ˵ԦۣǵеĺʿҲܲסһͨȺŹ
δŪʮʮķֱһ޼ʵǿ֮УжٲΪ֪أܣɱʲôŴˡ
һ£ȴɫһʵ˵ǶԼԦۺԽ޵Χڴˣ
йԼԼһδ俴رһ˵ϻĵѣֵͬң޸ȥ֮ǰϤΡ˵ͷʵ˵ЩɱʵԶԸ
ӺƱʲôæַʯʵ뿪򣿶۵ƣ㡭ʲôΪѵǡ
һ˫ַϥɣǻδ֣вѵΪǿֻڰˣδƹۣ޲Ӧ޴󰭡һǰľڣżֺ˵εѼΪʿȴȢӣӹó⣡ҳէָ̡
ǫͣէһûʱȴһʯɫֹ꣬ڳ
һ۹һӵ״֪ڰܵĶ˴֮ɻ󲻽⡣յĲӰԼԶĶѨνţȴһʱѱߡ̧ͷ£ȴŨգƻʱ֣ްĪ
ֵѣɷһƣԱ˵
һȻסԼļ˵Ҫǽж΢ȴ޿֮⣬뻹ǻּʱ䣬˵ܶһεĽ
ǺǣĪְҵĽַױʶơʼɫ࣬СԺ˲ӡ꣬Ÿп˵򣬻Сİ˾ϣŲһͣתһٴʵ֪˼飿Ҫ跨뿪˴֪Ϊǧ겻ȥ֪
һӦӳ˿һĶ£ȵؼֵȻ޵׷ɱΪ˵ǣǻǿղȴзҼǿ֮ˣںţۡ
һÿɷ΢΢һЦʵЩ֪ġʱλǸˡһĽƣô
漴Ȼ״˵ҪɣǧԽΨһб뿪ĵѰҵ󡭡
һڵס˹˼ɣһ֮ǰĽתϲ
ǧ֮ǰӱڵΪͬųǰޱɾ;У˵˱ʡһæѰƫʧ·֮ʱͻȻһ׺쳣ޣο֪
һˣλʦŵĳλʦֽԲѣֻӵԶѣ뵽һİڡò׶˼֮ŪԼһʲôĵط䵱ʱľȣڵһδţϻ򡭡
ֻڿഫһƺƫƧ壬Ӧý򣬻䱳һȴΪأҲԸǣı㱻Բˡ
νԶ壬ָıǴ˴塣ԭڵ彥˸ӹее󴳽ʿ
֮УȻΪ𡣾˵һΪɸɽ֮ϣ۾ߡǿĪ⣬ס
֮跨ȥ·ΣķԱȫ̸ֺܹתأٴĶӵʱⴳƬɽȣ˺Űֱա
顪
˵𾢣ܵĽһ졣ɫһ䣬æһȻһʾ޷Ǻ
ڴʱССԺ𣬽ǡһ̵Ľ漴ȴӰֻҡΣҶ裬ɷǹ죡һǶʯǰƳɽλ˷˵˫гâ΢΢һ
վȫȻû֮ǰ緢ǵü˳ĿһĺԤϣͻȻ顭仰ųڣԶһȴڵԺ͵һȭȥ
䡪
һɵĹһȭԿɽʯֵ˲䣬ǰԶȻըһŹâ֮ǿϮܲסֱֱɳȥʡмͬʱԺһŮӣòȴ溬ɷ߳ýѰɡס
ͨһһԺɵԶԶɽ£һƨˤϪˮߡδŮѲĵձ߳ʵǺˣһͨ
ںһСܣæϢŭཻĵѣ˵صĹزŲ½ơͨͬʱڲ֪ӺδðһȺӰлǸ۶˷ܴе䣡
ŮѵһͷϷһѩ׵ĳȹƮƮɡɱӸµ߳ٲʵĪȡ
ͻ䣬һڵϣͷһƳŲһˤϪˮУ湻Ǳġзûš۹תɽ£ʮӰһɨ
壬ʵӣʵˣȴοҵ汳
һ˿ڣӵŲŲæ̧ͷȥ


905 һ
ӿеĺλ޾׵Ůӣģػͣ͸һ˵£էһס̬ۡʮ㡣
ֻŮӵΪ˲СΪȴλĸˣⲻơɱ˴ƽȴȻ͵ϮͲˡǼʱ³ܲҡ
һ̧ͷһɲǣ˫ͻȻһɫۼףڵȻβڿա
ԳŮӲüһ˫͸ҰԵһ˿֮ɫ
ɽϣһȺ˽Ŀתؿ֡
鳤룬ԽһȻϮȴ޴󰭣ͥʹ⣡
һʮɣŮңңšһɨ֮ǰǫǫ̬żŭ߳Ե޹ʶִˣٽһ˭㲻ɡ˵ţһζһ˫ȭǰڳ˶ֵļơ
ޡ
һĿΪ裬δɫһת˪ȥ̬Ц֮ˣ㶨ҺΪѽ
Цһ滨磬컣߲Լ԰Ůת۲ʹڳ˽һ
һ˵ǰ龰һ䡣ԼŮӶˣȡ֮һ뵵ĳ滨ݶޣŨĸ
Ī֮ʣһԼߡͻȻһˮȥֳһŮӵıӰڷ磬̬ȣ֬ǲһƣ
һɫбҪرܣ˭ŮȻתֻˮ䣬ԡǰ͹Уǡưīѩӣ͸ջֱͷ󶯡
һ̣һֻÿ෢ɣϢңԳ֡۹⻹ǽס绨ϣɫһϡľĺɵŭţ˪յİȻһϤףһһЦ޲ϧԡױţת˲ֻΪ׽һЦ̣һƻ߽ǰ쿪覵ֱֻۣҪɫ뻳ֱΡ
һɲǣһ£һͷһۣ漴˹
ϣٰܰ裬Լȴ¡Ůҷӱĺ壡
һʱǺգ߷֣˫кһŨصѪɫʱȻѸûһС䰺ŭһǡɽȡͬʱʵʵĹѪâ֮ͬݿɣǧ𡣶һ˲䣬䲻һеرŮȥȭȻ¡֮ХӰ񡭡
һʧأΪϣŸʩɫϵζȻתԷȻ˻󣬲ڵ˹˲ö룬æһӡߵٿȻֶȥδѱ϶Ѫһ裬͵ɵһʧߣ䳤裬ߵȻһ¡
䡪
һ춯صںɽǰը죬񱩵ȻȥӼЩֵ˶ܣ޲ʧɫ֮Уֵθ졣һɳȥʮȻվסأӰƣѪƲ֡˺ɻֹסҡΣһ΢㵲ѡҵʧȻŲδռˡ

ڴʱײķδٽڵļ³֮꣬һһӵǸСԺδ⡣һƳתһŭԵλҼ԰δ䣬һЦŷֱԹĪǴۣ񡭡
СԺеĲִһ̽ǳʲŵĽһ˵ӦǺڵľ磬ר޻ƴɱӵѷһԼռ˻֮ͫ󼴱㲻УٿȫˡŮΪ֮ˣԶʮŮΪǡУӺڼ
һ־ʢȵŮݵÆ£
ܴ죬Ȼûͱ˵ơ۹ת˵֮ͫԾβڴУݻҪ߹󡣴ǰ֮ģǵѣֺ˺أ仰һ٣ָ˵ȴ޳˺࣬ɳһʱ֮ǿȴΪݡ
ŵôԣһŮ˲ϢٱҶϤԣʧǣֲʵʵźǧꡣ˵Ŷŭȴþա⣬ƾӤðޣԱ켣һʱ˭ȴ˲˵
һӰȻɱתﱨ֮ȻһЦٶԣתȥкˡ
ԶѴȺظغǺЦǸ۶ںе˻Ӯˡ
ﲻ۸ˣأƮȻ˴ڣ趯һĵķٿȥת֮䣬Ǽ䵹ĲݼʾԻָԭ״㲻մʮʩ֮һ漴ûӰ
һͻתַƽ˾һֻգĪɽ֮ϡ
ʱѻƻ裬Ĵֶ˼Ӱ׵׳ŮòӯԵֹ̬Ѱķˡ
ѵһǰżǸ˵ʧֵ֮Ҫ黳ǰ룬ѵͬҲҹ̸
۶˹غǺЦ˵ѣϲ۸ˣҵ
΢߳ݵö죡תֳһ˵Ī˼꣬ȴǰ뿪С죬õѼЦˣ
һɫȻָ˳̬˵ͷʾ޷۶Ȼǡ֮⡣˺ɣ仯βʿ˶ӣȴͬ
۶Ϊض㵽һԣڵЩȴΧеӹּʾ⡣òŮȴǰֱЦһ۹״
Ψһŭǰһ˵Ǻǣ⼸ʿĺˣǼλ˻εˡŮǾȥεؽ˵˵Ԫ泤ȴѡʿȴúΪ°빦ҵꡭǺǡ
ΣΪһµĺʿһֻ޶ۣǧÿǡǳʿؽɱɴΪĹۡ
һļλ߼Ӿֻ񣬶ԵļŮδһ£һ߸֮ǰǸСԺԷЦ棬ɫȻ
ΪߣΪ־֮ĻȻߣΪĲԼɾ󲻵òеͶΪˣӶһָ߿һۡλ˲ĻͫУ࣬вɶõۣ˵ֱǻԵ콵
ڴ·ʾֵס岻Ȩɢȥպ׽٣ǼŮӵҲʶȤһЦ׷ȥţ۶Ҳû˸ûӰ
ֵǸСԺ֮СٻһһԲ졣ˣԺʶδתפԺǰͻȻӰһȥһλİŮӡ
һ۹Ůϣɵɫһʧǧá


906 
һʧ֮ʣڳɫ졣
ӻΪԼˣ΢㵡ͬЩ⣬۹ȴһĨϲɫǰŮãȻǷ˵ūǰ
￩һЦһԷ˵ΨһĵūҲһвʿ֮һֵ֪˵ǧ˭ˣĪǴǰãˣūˣһɽį֮࣬˫˫ա
ǺǣֵΪףòᣬūǰ䡭
˻٣˭
ӼԼĻɣֻڨڨһЦٳ
ĵ˵оҶĺ컨ɲŮòʲôľһȴڼ滨ѹġ˻ν⣬ȴŴӲԸʵʵ˵
ȣæʾѽҶ˵˽⴫Ψ׷ʣһŤͷܽ˲ݣкǸɫҹ¶أˡ۹һת˹ȥСԺڣֻ˲֪ūиΪãȻһ
ūŮӣʮͣŰ¶òɡŮӾȻǸɾеĺŮǧóһģһ˫ü֮䣬ԼһǣһôĹ졣էȻôһŮӣɲ˽ǣ
һڲȻʧ֮漴¡
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һӲԸʲôֻأֻ޽ֻŽҲףֻ֮أبѭϢʱ˿̣˵شˣ˾ֻʲô
ǵǸǧ˵֪𣿽״γˮζ˵飬ʶΪҲѳɣ಻һֻɺԸغ򣬵ԳѱԣֱԲֻأΪˡǸʱǼį̫ãֻǶĺ壬ꡭ
Ů˵ǲӦ֮ˣǧöֻ֮ʱ֮ǰϡʹҵԲǧΪؽˡͫ
Ů˵ף֮ͫѽᵽϣ֮ͫ࡭Ωʥߣ֮ͫ࣡㡭ˡ
У֮Զ̡˼Ī飬ǧأĪأĪ롭
뵱ʱǸǧǰ׸ҥڶϡǰ䳤һģһŮӣ壬üĺǣôתͬһˡȴū
ȴǰһУ
һͷһңס뵽ĪĿֻ֮С
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һ£ʵūԷᡰšһʵϵĳжͣΪΡ
ղμ棬ϵǰūȴʧ󷽡ڻһ䣬ԴżֽȻһЦ˵İٶꡣѰʿҵΪˣΪǼʦҲ¶⡣棬һһ֪ǰָ̣𻰡

ĺɽΪʯɽɽ御Ϊʯôɽ
ʯɽǧɣһΡơϸ壬ããĳɽ롣
ʯɽɽűдССĶѨ˺֮˵ľڡƽʱڵ£ʹɽǰĴӰ㣬ҲóէһеֵһԵʡ
һգһڴڵСԺһ֮ÿɷغǺһЦ֮ӳҹ̸ʯɽҰɽͨĵط䶴
תۼǰ¹ȥһյʱ֣ɽ·һŮӡֱԼĶǰδȥȴͣɣְҧҧ촽εתԶһ䶴
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Ůӱū˳ȥ֮ʱͻ˵ڴҲͰˣֺʰ
ūûɵһ죬æ˺ӦʦˣūΥδ԰գͷһһԳūʵ˷
ǽյĶԿһ˳ЪϢʮգ˾ͷֻǴ˵ûԪɹɣδⲻ֮䣬ɫҵŮӵЦʦǺ⡭
˵ʺϲȴ˾ޡһŽĵ֮㣬޸ٻۣ֮Ѱ뿪򡣶мһˣȴԼļƽϡ
˵ޡеԵɻҪ׷ԶĶԹԹй޴ӵ֪Ů˵ˣֵѼȻβ츳ͨһ˲֮Եʹ˰˴˴ʿûˣūпνȵȡ
һԶţȴ˶ϡ٣򲻹⣬סӵķסԼԱ׳ȺһԴһȴδһڻؾūʮ֮˾űǵǧãŲɡĻ֮ͫŮһĪ׽
йתһ˵޴֤ʵܶκἰлᣬֺηȴһ׮Ըأ
ūһԣ˫Ťһ𣬴ʦ鲻ȴ޶⡭ͣȴɣӣٲȻǸʮߵСѾͷ
һԽūԣǰһ鷽ʯ£Ż׳ԾִٲŮЦʦǺⲻᣬ˴˼Ϊ֮ͬдһ㡭
ĳͣ峺ū˿ľҲǼΪʦԼȥһλʿѰӦ꣬˭˼ȴ⡣λǰЩɫ֮ͽѿŲƣǳǳһЦ˵ݼʦԣǰΪȺڵĸˣū񡭡
һԶΪȻҡҡͷûлͫǰһսҪڲ˵һ岻ɱ֮ȴΪǿʦֺԷƱ
ūǰȴ˵˲ȻЩȻʧΪһĴУòɵʦʿáԼ㲻һأ֪Ѱһʲôĵأϣǳˣ
һһתʵ˻֮⣬һ廹кαܷͨʵ棿Դʯɽ֮Ӽ㼫й弰ΣֻѰŮɽ
ū£񣬻ָ˴ǰĳСѵԴȫ츳ͨĲ֮⣬еķŽԶ塭
Ϊ츳ͨԡԼΪεõ˻ͫأһ˼ūƽؽ˵ͫǺľɵãΨɴСиߵǿ֮𣬵Ծβ𣡹ʶʦǰͬԴ޵
һĬȻɾ֮Уǧýͫһֻ̣ת֮ʱֻϧʱǨɣвͬ
Ƭ֮һóǬ䡭


907 ʯɽ
ʯɽķ֮ϣһֶ˫üǰڷһ塢ɳһɴϸĴһȴβһ飬Ҳ̶õӡ
Ǳ޻ٵۣѲʹáֻнβƣٺΪ壬޸Ψһ;ֻһв֮ǰô򵥡
һͷеһö򣬰Ρµأ޸ٻۣꩽ֮롰褡ȱһɡ
νꩽ֮˵֮һ֡˻ԴжһΪķ󣬶ǵ³ҵ֮С
һĶ¯ӵѰꩽ֮Ӧò̫ѡ
˺еĽʯһʱδѰȥ
һһУǰûӰ˸΢ĹâһסɽƬطʱתڶǰķʯϥ˼
Ƭ֮Ӱɽۡ
˿Цһ񣬲֪Ƹ񣬻ͼѽ
ɵظЦֵѰݼڣִ֮С
˼ʦʦǰǴ⡭
һվЦӭʦͽӦרΪлǰūǬ䣬һŮãһת壬װ˸ʽ֮ɱ˶֮࣬ƸűǣҲã˳ˮ顭
ԲıǰĴæ˵ɣ󣬵岻ݴǡЦδֹֿ˿˵Īūһ˲ҪռһòŮӡ
ֵѻǴ֮˲Ӹ˵˾乫
֮ΣҼūĺô֮£ִ˲ƣĻ͸ŻҰԣδ⡣
˵Ц֮䣬˸Ρūÿ죬æŽȰʦԡ
ʱһϵЦݵȥɫˮ˫֣һԲɢȻ˲
۹һںСѾͷ˼ʿֱ̹ʦ˵У񻹲Ǹ
ūԶԣȴʦλǰĶһȣһʱҲóִ
һ̸Ц޼䣬Ҳδһ˵˷ǰרΪлֵѺ̬֮ūԸžʩ
һһ֣ɫԻбһЦӯӯεӣԼ㷲ūεذڰ˵ҽū̸֮Էҩǿֺá
˵Ĳ죬һ˵ȱġ褡֪λܷһ֮
Цⲻ͸żϲ˵ף㻹֮ʵѵðв֪ҪƺԵͷһæǰһӻ˵ֵӦƷıѴˡҵϵá褡˰Ѱҡ
Ӻ̧һöհ׵˼֮˵ѽ褡ɫ״ƷӡУҷԸȥ˰ѰĪֵѾúˣתֿū˵۶ղӰ㲻ȥܿһ»
һ˵ǡ֣ȴ޴Ӿܾӹδ룬һȻһЦ˵գʧˣūǷʾ⣬תȥ
ʦͽ˷ʯɽȽȽ䣬ɷǺÿ;һƳūįסϧ֮ݸһЦ˵˲ƲҼҵūͷһŮӣ
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˵Ϊʦڱ˴˽ֵʱˣ޴ӵ֪ǻгֹһŮӣⴥͷĽɡ˭ڡ˴ֶ֮˿ɲūˣ
ūǰȣбǸãūΪǳɲ뱻˿ˣרǡ
ﲻΪ˵ȵ꣬һսʽ΢Ϊˣô˷֮£˳ϦദԻվ顭
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һæ˹ʾǸ⣬ԳϰΪõѼЦˡһӣǰյϼ̶һСĶǾһɾ֮
һ̧ۿӣȻʵǺ⣿
ҼΪޣȴҵĹЩɾЩôԵһЦ
һɫɣʵ֮ԪϡɾΪ󡣵Ѻβá
⣬ºΣӵĻгʮ㡣ԷΪֻķ˵֮Уõɾµһ־ʯ֮Ϊ֮УûɾֻڴΪĻƧʽ򡭡һԵʯͷ£˵Բھֹǰ֪Щûôת㡣һߣһ㰲£Ǻǡ
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ɾֻв죬еԪ޲ֻͬĹޣ߹б𡣶ǿΪɾʱӸһ˵͡
һһ֣ʲŵĻͷ׷ʵкδɾ޸۵褡δ˵꣬ӾæǾ仰˵ЦĪ档һ£򲻿֪
ΪͣȴʧС󣬱뿪ȴҪĸӡԴˣһΪ⡣⣬ȡЦǲð
һÿɷӿЦ£ſ̬˵ÿϾұʵ棬»跨޸۲ǡһףȥһףкο֮ȴǶ˼ĪΡ
һյĳҹ̸֮󣬱ѴӦӵڶԷľʡƾһ֮뿪򣬲Ǽ׵¡ȻֶΪأ
һʱ͸һ˼Ψԣæǰóشͼͼһݣպˡ
öͼһ˹ϸʣ𻵵벻ꩽ֮𣬿ɷΪָݾ
ԣ鳤ԭꩽ֮Ե֮С꣬һ٣ת˵Ϥ֮ڽΪ֮أѰ֮𡣲ͻȻ˼ɶֹ
״һЩ棬ʵεѣĪ֮
ӻڵֵ֪ٽڣۼҸƣһʱѰ֮𡭡
һ˫üвʵ˵Σֻ½δزȫˣӿһۣɫ̾ȫˣﲻӦ
λһȥѰꩽ֮Ա޸֮뿪һЦЦ˵ȥǣͷѰ˵顭
æҡͷ˵ɡ˵һ룬Ȼֹɫ΢䣬ǻæתɽۡȥ֮ʶһ仰м»ҡ


908 ۶
嶪˸ˡ
һһϣ۶ûˡ
Сǰ뿪ȴŽ𵤵ΪɽҴԱݣһʱӰҲû⡣һ˼һϣϾ˵ʱһء
ǰ¹ȥˣ۶ǲתɳѱһʮأȻСӵӰ
Ϊˣżˡ
عϡȴԶ۶أѰūĵϴ˵ȶˣøʬ޴³ǰ֮δԶҲﻹס
һСܴճʮ֡ķԸ£ǲΪߵͣ㳲鱼ķȥѰ۶䡣
ʷ˱䣬һųûԶһˡΪõꩽ֮֮ʣƳѰˡ
֣һĳмҴææ˼䣬ӽ鱼ɽԶ
ӱһͬУﲻʡͷ±Ѱˣһֺô²Ըεسһʩһζ̾һŴҴҶֵѣһоڲС
ȥ֮ʣһһöõĴ򣬻һˡĪ⣬ūű£ǰĹա

֮УӰǰСһŻ۵һһǰū
һգر㵽˾ͷʶ֮Ȼ۶ټһȥƲͣɼǰлһöͼȻȥ
λǰĲɵӣеūɵóԹƬ̣׷磬ЩĲʵǰβ֮ڶѰأ
һת׿ȥˮ峺ˣӵɫлһ˿ʡ
ʮһ۱㿴أֺαϹ󹤷򡣶ãã֮ѰһҴܵ۶ڴ롣νѰˣֻдʰˣһūԼӶꡣԷ߶ȴŷ򶨡ɫ˵Ҫǰڵۼ֮أѰ˲˳;Ϊ֮ȥĪ⣬㲻ʹ˻ת
岢ޡ褡ûꩽ֮Ҫ޸ۣΨȥۼһ⡣һ˵ʵ飬̽һūΪ˱ԡŮ׽ȴóȻ¡ԵʧȣΪԵһ˵лԸлծӿȪĲͬ
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һͣ˵գһпӦ䡭
ūĴһɫȻЦǰǵūȫ޷ģĪҪСһͨڿƮȻУһϮƬմڷ֮ǰմǳǳЦ̣˱Ƽӡľ飬˽ס࿴ۡ
һλʮģŮӣȴλʿھݣضס֮УȴΪ档
һԲͷ˵ִڴˣĪֵʱҼȣ
ū۹Իңҧ촽֣׵죬ūزۼǰ԰գ¹âһƾûӰֻɤ˵ȥǧ֮⣬޵أóȻǰҪˣǱС
һȻƬ̣⡣Ⱥʶ֮£ֻеӿȴѰӰū䲻£ǻǿһɴ˿ɼһͨв֮
гâһһһ¶Цݣ漴ȥΣ˵Ҷ֪٣㲻˵һ
ūԴСŮҵĵǳЦӯӯѪէּ֪Լй¶٣ɵð١βĻͫɿ»ơλǰô˴У˸Ե񡣶֮⣬ǴӦԼСͬʩչء
ǰĪҪūʶвӰūæ

ƾ츳ٶþĸ֮νȻԵɡ
ū˵ǸԵ֮ˡ壬Ѫ֮ͨ⣬ŵҵĹ
һӦȡʤ֮ǿڹĪ⡣ʦڵģ֮Լ֮ϲūʴϻۣ㽫ԼҵĹΪ֮ഫ
ʶūҪǿࡣһԱѡΪˣŴӦŮӸżͬС
ūϾΪޡһһʶӡǣ⼲;ʧɢ
һҪȥ壬ǧ֮⡣һ߸·һѰҡ褡ֻ뽫޸ǳ뿪ΪйغľԼӵУ˳Ȼް֮Ըȴв
أԽĲ㡣ΪǷǣһū·ҹǰա
ÿūҪһ˵ɽԼӶ˵רŵİǣûб㲹һ;ʣѰ˴ϤµѶϢ
֮һǺ岻Ϊ֪һءūδȻǽԼˡ
ūӣֲʧƽ⡣һΪͣŮӲɰο㽫һЩóȻ˶Դ˺ܸȤ
뿪յ峿ȥεһڰ֮С·ɽ֮ϣūһʯü˼һŮȽȽڿն𣬴˴뱪صĽ紦ȴǰµİǡ
в֮һһ䡣
ū˽ǰ˵;˴вǺ⡭
һɫһһöĽĬһھ漴ϹâджĻ۶ѣɽ
õĴڵĴͬȴǼΪĺá۶ѣɽںδһóͼһ˳ɵūͻȻɫһ䣬գۼ˼ɵؼݶȥԶԶʦѣʧˡ
һԸд㵣ȴǲŲæóͼ꣬˫üɽں嶫ϵʮﴦʱԼλںϵİ֮⡣
µͷıʣʹôҴɫ˼ֵĴݡƬ̣һεҡҡͷתū׷ȥ
˲ùȥ˶ãһӰֳΣֹס˼£Ǳվ̧ĹˡΪǰһ˰ٶȴû׷һΪŮӣԿҵǣ;л˳
ǰʮһǧɵĸɽɽһȺŮӵӰΪĿһ׻
״һ˿û˶ƴɱã
֮һɽǰĲԶǰūӭȻ˵ǰݷ٣Ȼ˹ʦ˵Ĳ
һ۹ɽµȺһɨתǰ˵ףεһЦЩʵʦ˵


909 ʿ
ɽɽ£һӵˣһˡ
һ˴ֻūӭ˸кŮӹ˲ö˵æתһȺСеһŭݣ߳۶йһ嵣׳ɭٽ˷ˣҵĺ
鳤룬һϳɳصظ͵ԲһΪڣ򲻿˺۶ֻǸӣ֪޹׳ɭͷһ棬պҲ
һΪ׵߰˸վһţڳͬļơʮ⣬ν壬λߴĺӣһƤ̻¶׺ģ
ߣɽҩ԰ĻһݣȴǺ͵Ըһɶ˲ѣó⳥Ȼ˺Σֵ֮ܵĶ֡
֮˵λ˵ģа˳ߣֱִ۳Ե쳣Ľ׳ںڵĺëΪۣټԼ͸źĻη
Ǻǣ¼𣣬ȴũˣ֮ҩ԰ӡＥЦ߳׳ɭҼסˣһ岻꣡ٲˣݡ溬˪ȻǱζ޿̡˵ģ嶼ëѪ֮ʲôҩ۸ˣ¹رӵ˰벽
׳ɭΪȻغһóҩ֮Ũڳ˽ɫһ֮ķζʾ⣬ЦλʶôҺȥʮĻСǱɽ̣Ҳ֤ڣС˵䣬תһªʯʱйâϻȻð۶ӰֻС˫Ŀգɫ죬Իѡ
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ͬʱһλ׳漴ǰһգ۱㽫ڵϵ۶Χ˵䡣
׳ɭ˫Żƹ˫͸Ī˵ұʿǰĽɣΪȴΪĻȴЧΪ岻ɶ֮ҩ֤֤ڣݵ
һʱȸȴһʮϵ۶ǺѣȴϢ˳ްȻܲסҩ֮˯֢״
˾һԶԡɣԷб۶δɽ˼ҵҩö֪
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׳ɭͬڻңĮɫһ˿ײĵ⡣Ƭ֮бʢ˵˵ѰĻһᣬҵȴϵĳɫֵ֮С
ˣﲻνִʵòֽΡ
׳ɭкһ˼ؽ˵û̳ıֳ
ȻʧɫǵڣҪ𡭡
׳ɭɫ͸̰˼ɵ˵ȿڼƾһͨǱ̳¡ֻ밵ȡеı˭֪Ϊ

һվһȺԹۣٲȻǸˡУȴʼڹעܵĶӳϵĶԻв²ⳡʵȥ
ֵͬܣֱ׳ɭ״֡׳ľ׳׳Ҷ⼸ʳصļһȴźڵΪһ֮࣬ԲλࡣݷȲūѾͷΪȲ⼸ˡ˴ȻˣȥۼڣƵĸ֣ǽ޵ݡ
˫ĶԻвѿͼһ֪֮һաڣ޾ȴҴܵ۶˿ɳ֮
۶ζĻѣץסˣˡһڣ׳ɭʵ⾹̳ı廹ûǸȡñŽͨԸ
׳ɭָ̳֮еһԶż̳̳ÿűʱŷݴЩԶ򡭡
ڱһ̣ȱΪ˸ɱսе壬ܲǰˡ˭徹Ȼ֮ģҪˮ
ȺСкΪֻһˡӲȰ벽Ψִ֮ӳΪʣʹ޴ѡ񡭡
һǷǷǺȤδȷϡؼıˣԵмˣ
֮ʣһ״˸к۹жѯ֮ɫȴǿЦҡҡͷʾԼĪ
ʱ֮Ҵһ¡ͬȣʱȫһԡǷԸȡñ׳ɭ۶ǿУ˴໥Ӧȵȡ
׳ɭֽѵ۶뵽ϵУߴնǸʯΪȦªȴǬôͬרΪȡŵƶɡ
Ϥ£̳ʱ򡭡
Զڼϵɽֻʣ˾ˡֵ֮⣬ӡūһ
ﰵж˼䣬ǲǼλˡһֱһЩƣ΢΢Ƿ˵ֵǰĪ飡
һʼû˵ҪȥȣȴҲûת뿪ǣɲ۹ūתһȦԿɬһЦת׳ɭȥʾʱȫƾͷ˵һ仰
λֵܻ˸ɫ¶аЦݡЮΪʣⷨӹȻʹĹ֮ͨжջ׳ɭŴ󲽣˵ǰءŲɢŵѪζ
ū⣬סһŭȴ÷Ψǿ͡
׳ɭͻȻͣһָ˵ʿУ׶ƱˡָͷС׮ӣһŲԶ
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ȴü΢ɫŭٻѣҪˣˣӦԣ˵ҲϲָŶͷ
ʱΧɫ
׳ɭָм˵һ¼ʿǰȡ
ǰһ߳޶ۣڡˣԷȴƲˣɵ˲һū⣿
׳ɭȻطСӲˡ
ﻹȴɫһֻ˵Ųָ֪˭


910 Ӱ
һ׳ɭԵðС䰺ͷ˵ҲԷؿڸߡʱ˫Ų濪ֱƳ޾⡣
һССʿԼִ׳ɭЩ⣬ŵص㶯ָʱԷ׶¼ʿ桭Եֵܽһһֺر˰ӣɢɱΧϢ͡
ԼūΨһλĸ֡Ǹζŵָޱ˵ͬۿ˵͡
ŵôԣ׳ɭЩͿ⻰ֿѶν⣿ɵÿңλֵܽҡҡͷһĸͬ˭Ҳ˭Ӻʹ
ū˼ֻ밵Цһ¡ֻдӷʿŶ˵ơλֵѻʢһʱĿ֮졭
ףе˼ȴܲ³֡׳ɭ͵תһҪ߳ʡԷ۹ͬʱײ˹ޱѪɫʱֵûƻõһ
֮䣬˽ԭضɫãȻһ˫еѪڶȥɽʮɵһƬطɷΪ졣ڴɲǣ˫üһһֳ̧׳ɭϵʯץ˹ȥȥ
״ūһ⣬ԽסϢҪû°ȥ۶ġȦ
ڴ˿̣׳ɭѹ͵شһȻεضλֵ֮ѣתڳȥԶĪͣ
ߵһŽҪǸʯȴһ񣬲òһˤա˫֮ǰƬѪʱûӰ
̾ͷأ䡣£һк츳ͨȴ֮ϧˡھϣǴл˷֮
ʱϵǼλʧǵģһ߶Ųͣ
˺ҷżˣա
ҫһҵء
Цƨû֪Լҵĵ˭
ΪǵȶϵˣΪûгĺŮӳ֡
ߵˣĪҪж׸
ͬ˵ƾСӵı£ߺߡ
һƵ۹⿴һδںĴǰһԵ˱ʩӵĻ֮ͫʹ򡣷ų£ЧΪлɳã˭ԼֶλڶԸΪļһ
²Ըֻ֮һ𡣲츳ͨӦõĿھ⡭
һԼ˼ھת΢΢лūȴΪ˵ľֹοѡ
ȥ׳ɭѵ˼˵ĸǰָһ˵Ϊˣաٸҹʼʩӱ˺㡭ֱһӣԸ׳Ҷһˡ
һˣһʱ˺ƤʱƣΣӦ䣬ˡһ׳ɭ̧ȥ
ֵֻ֮׵λӦһȻ߸ߴһͳƳĺ쳹Ұ֮лȻһͷǣʮɵǡͭһļ᲻ɴݣСɽһƲ
ǺԼ£Ȼߡ׳ɭһ䣬ֵܷɵ˾ǵıϡ
۹һ˿⣬תӡԷᣬεص˵ͷƳһū°ر΢Ц漴ƮƮն
˲䣬ԭֻʣһһˡͷԳ»Ǹ˹ȥ
ǵļͬһɫɽʯʮɳɶһƬط˸д´ࡣһŽΣδȣȻһʱ䣬棬ĵ˷׵˾֮ϡ
һҴ⣬æϥüܵΣɵð㵡Ϊƽȣ˿ʱڰ֮Уû˾ǵӰֻХ˲Ϣѹ
ǸݷˣԼΪķƿնݷһᰡ
ĶݷǶв硣׳ɭһ٣Ϊǽвֱ¡ٱ䣬Ůƴӡ
һƾճ֣ΧԶȥϮˡһǶ⶯۹һƳǾ˶ĿбӣΨǴһĨǳǳЦ⡣תǰӻ׿ʵֵѣҽַΡ
ܵĽַ죬ٲԼ֮¡һͷʾִżֲȻǼļһ׳ɭֵӭƱ뺷ϻƣǡӰڶǷӿķӳܣʹһڻȻһ塣
ﲢ˵һū˼ʶӣ˵츳ͨǡӰһʩչɽͬʶһ˲£µ֮֡ʣָ
Ӱͨһ۲ѣȴ첻ȻĶԹؼ£ӵİʾδ츳ͨ츳ͨԼ޵ӤԪΪûν츳ͨ
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һѣһ£ĿһߴĦھһóͼȣ˼壬Ϊۼ֮ء
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Ӱɶǰвֹ

֮ǰȺǧһ·۲ͣľȥƽһ̧۹
ϤҪȥĵطʮ֮⡣йأκ˶շС򣬽ð֮ٶҪ³ʹ
·ֻ̣ͽǰС
ԷУͻȻڰ˸һδж׳ɭֵŭĿת¶˲䣬̶һӰХ
ͻ䣬һһ˳ȥŶ㵽һɽ֮£ŷλͬȵһ㶯ɵðΡūΣӦʹȻΪ档һϳɳȵʿ˵ȥĪ⣬ѵҲմȾһĹϰԲɣ
ĵطûʲôͬͬɽˮлвݣҾɫ欶ֻĵԭʼҰԡ
һ˫أ۹˼һӶתգɵþһ


911 
֮УֵеѸԸ߸ߴֻǸ׳ҶǾǵӡǡڴʱ顱һƱһɫ͵ػ˺󱳣۵
ڴɲǣ͵ϮֳΣһֻҵĴ񣬾צ͸Īĳơһ֣䲻ͣǷһ̶У漴˫һּȥ˲Ϣʧԭֵֻܣŭɶ
ΪڣԶŭǳ𣬼Ϯɱͬ࣬δΪߣȴȥҶͨ졭
ڴ˵ǹһ˵ͷٽȣɫɫޱŶ֮ʮ·̣ߡ
һɢʶ¿ȥɽֻǲƣԶνѱߡһ΢ĺڵȻǳȻڵػˡֵܺϣԼͬȥΣ˲仯Ӱȥ
Ƽ졣βԣǼ͵һţųкעĳӿҵʱû·Ƭɽȡ䲻⣬Ȼһ٣˫һ
ڴ˼䲻ݷ֮ʣһâƿնˡһն˳ڵͷ­֮һð׳ɭʵӰǷǰצļµĺ⡣ĵ紩͸棬Ϣ֮ѽΧ
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ߵ׳ɭϰݣֻǰצ͵һӣʮĹâȻϮȥ¼ֵסķȻҪɱֻƵĳڡ
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״׳ɭֵƴתܡ˭ǻ֮ͻȻɳһڹ⣬ٿһûӰ
޶˱۸һأȴɶӶݶ޼ƿʩ׳ɭԭΣŭëɶĪϡλֵܸͬܣһߺ߲ѡ
һͻ⣬ôĪؽˡ
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ֵҪʱ߲֮٣
׳ɭɵطԸһ䣬ɽǰͨһֵسһţ佫
СɽıӰͷƲתֿһԷ±ϥЦЦ˵·ʱ˱ţܵʱȵǰͷ֨С«ͷһڣŽŸпʵݣ
ǰﲻģǺӵԵʲ˷硣һ̩ȻɵԼӶ꣬漴ְҡҡͷв֮ȴδߡ
Ӽūʾ£˸Ծ͵ЪϢأ²סһ̾
ӱһ̸䣬ȴһֻա֪Ǵ飬Ǳ˾񫣬Ȼһɵ񱭣
ūһĴʦɫһʦľٶһǰĲӰ
糤ҹ̣ʱյ峿
йزϷɣȴû˵ʩչͨӵؼСȻҪʮ·̿ɲס
δɢȥççɽּڳͷǡλļͷϣֱһˡΪ׵׳ɭǰżλֵܴһ·ۣνٷǳ
׳ɭͷˣݸ߹Ը˲ϡһԸ£ȴ¶ԷвֻաǼһ¶˵Ӷû̹ʿˡ
ײû֮⣬ʿĹֵֶܵҲʵڡ㺢ӵСҪЮȻҪҡȻңİΣӦֽ֮Σûá
һһеȴ²׳ҶľǣԼɡ˫Ǳ֮ϣȵȥķãǳžĿ⡣
Ųһͷ۳ççɽ֮䡣һ㻳ˬ
˹ȥ˰գһĽ»һɽڡԻūѾͷ̧۹ǰɽ֮Уֵּս
˴ЪϢС桱һԶޣźڵΪΪԼܵ˳ײҪ׳ɭǸּԷʿ·Ϊ֮Цֹ˫ҰԲļһһԲϱʱɽɱŰ
˵һԿ֣ɳϵβң˽סľ鳤룬ɫǰࡣ߷Գ־áδ˵תһԡü΢溮˪΢΢ҡҡͷ
ʦʦĻ͸ūһƳλǰֹһЦ䲻ɵ΢΢һ漴ݸ
һ۹ūӵһӶ᳤¡򣬳Ѫɱ֮ʿĵطҪ뿪֮СūһʴӱŮӣίûĺ֮ʵϧˡ
ƾӤΪһáǰ˵ޣ֪ΪΡ
һĹɽаһѲԪֻһ˽һȫʤȴ۲ơ׳ɭֵشҡһĿ
˵һֱ״Ҷ׳ľδʿǰõҩɵϢǸԱϵʬѪȵĳ棬ū˵İȴǲĿöŤͷرܣΨһһĺؿһС
ħ壬ǰһ޲ǿΪ𡣴ѪɱǿʳԳɷǻʼﾺ֮£֣֮ĪȻ֮ڡ
Ƭ̣һһʬԴ˸ãԭЪϢʱһƾȻ߰˳ɡ
ʱһнŸ·
һû֮ǰ¡һ׳ɭʿ˵Ųɡ࣬ο˺·Ĺ򣬻ĥƢͨ˫ల£һʱ뵱ȻԳְˣ˷֮Уؽء


912 ֮
һɽǰЪϢ
ڵϵģֵˣһѪڴŴƣģԶվŵģһˡ֮£̬ɣΪΰһԹ
һ˽·գʵ׳ɭֵۻˡÿʱߡ֮н֮ƾǼצǿΪȻ˭˭ǾͶֽһ
ͣͣò׸ϵ˴ǧ֮⣬һ·Թļһʵ߲ˡ⻹ֵܵײǿȻ;زֻۡСʮսܲס
￴СɽɢıɱɫԳɣְҡͷաӽһһסų¡ūתһŲ˼һᲱ£һϥ˫£ڳ֮Уڤ˼״
ʱ֮׳ɭ뼸λֵվ˵̴̬棬⼸ƤӲļһﻹǻָ˴
ǰݿ̫ҡ鷳ȻڼҵȻμԷݣ˵ǰͷ׳ɭ࿴һתĪΪֵڱɸǣ֮󣬻ԸʶôӱǺӣ壬ߡ
׳ɭһӣλֵתǰɫɣһƳظȥūУֻһ˫ۣٲγѡ
岢ǲҡĻ޿ְһһ￴çײ޶۲Ĳбթκһʿ٣һʱռϷ硣
û˾ֻƾ˫Ÿ·ˣ
һдҴҵӰԶȥһƻعͷ߬ŵһöһ뿪Ჱ˫һӵؼСƬ̣ϵūȥһһĶá
ӡһƪȱȫġǷŵĿܱͨķ֮Ϊ档֮꣬Уݵһ˱Ϊ˳ԹͷԴɱ˷ŵԨõ֮һδüԴĦ¿أɵСֵķ
ֵζʿרΪԸķ
ǵãΪΪȵĵӽʩչƳ׮֮֮С׷Դƾʩչġв֪ΣֻȱȫɬѶ䰵дĥ˼գȻЩͿ
˻ǳǳһЦǡƻէһ޶ˡһ΢΢֮УħӤ˼״ֲַ̧ͷ˿ɫǻƻ衭
ĺɫٵʱһо˷Ż˽Ų֮Уһ޴ɽڳǰɽʣɣһŻب¶ɭϡʱʱлζӰԶ˳屼ת˲ִҴææʧ
ԵƬ̣׳ɭͷǰһӵūСɽаɿʮﳤ̤еһɲĪڶʹ˽סһ֮Ȼʣһ޴ɽȳ˵ǰ
ɽȲǧķԲɽȮٲȺ޻Ŷ˼ơǿտĹȵص룬һͺͺǧʯɽ¶ķ϶壬ͬһظߴ㴣ţͨݲһۿȥԹ졣
ʯɽܵµؼ䡢ʯԼɽϣǾۼǧӰɫ죬Ϊȡɽ֮У죡
ö룬ȣʱ⣬ĴһʢǧӰΪټʿеĺռ֮࣬µĽŻΪ
˭뵽ǿ֮оȻһΪ֪򣬲˵ǿ󡣺ֻһʿǴڳȥҪɨ򣿶ΣЩǷ֪ôһط
һѰ漴ǿ򶨻ҡūԼӽԾ㵲ѣ׳ɭֵȴΪܡɽлӰ½֡
Ϊʱ磬ռ˼̨Ľ
׳ɭƶһкϤԸһ󣬱˱ʯɽǰȥһɽڣʾڴ˴š
ɽǸĵطʯɽԶԽξ۵סһδȣʮӰȻһҰɤ𣺡Գĵ̡
߽ߴţ˲㽫ɽΧǳ֮˫۳죬ĿūתЦʿȴĹ
ֵܲ뷢ŭȴֺ޺ɽȥūǲҳתԶԶܡԳһ˶ڣǲ
Ƭ֮׳ɭԳһµڡмӰȵǣȴȥݺݵ߷һܻĵ̡
Ӱֻȥ׳ɭŭԻһƨŲԶ˵µ̳һ̣µĹ⾰£Ϥ㡭ĸֵѷֱܣԷȾָԼҵĵ̡
ռݵµزɷԲȴһΧСﵹӡūһһСط
ʱҹɫ٣޴ɽ궯ѣʱᴫ֡
һľ۹ڽԡūİ±ҹеӰжĪ⡣תԶ˼ѡ
֮⣬ʯɽĸߴ̨͸ĪĹ졣ʶ֮£ԲеĽƷȴѱߡ̨ܣΪŨгҵ㻷ơ
һͷһһ̳һԵӡԷֽӹлҴպϸƷ
̫أûƵ£һΪʵѿȣܷʹ˷˵һ
˵Ƶ챦ﻹūǳȡ
ƫһ磬δⲻԱ֮ȴ̰ԣܵǣһ˵ͷʣԷ˵˵Ҵδ˴ȴȵഫţ
һ˵Ըꡭ
ӳƬ̣˵ɽȳػɴ˵
һʵεΪΪֻһƣ˭뾹ʵĴڡصĺȻܳѲɴ˴ľĸˣԼǵ͹ǿ󡭡
Ӳ˵֪ΪᳬԽ̫֮Ҳ׳νˡ֮У̫ƽɾδ֪
һЩʧ漴æŵʵ˵һ


913 ɳ֮
Уֹһλ
УмλԴˣû˵
У쾳ΪԿԳ
ǳػƬɽȣֻΪԶµļ̨Ϊ̨ͼڣغĴС
ݴԶһֱʱȺʹû䣬֮ʣΪһξѪ̳֮УһԸѪ̳ߣΪ֮塭
һֱޱȵػڴˡʱգĪĻԵδ١
ֻõһξѪУһ죬Ϊ֮ôջ󰡣£Լߣν׽ǡֵܣ鲼ɽȵȺΪ˶
Ũڵҹɫ֮УһĬĬӵ˵ɲ㵣಻Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱㰵Ц£漴Ρѹֳٴ˵ر㵽ܵļµĪƣԭ̾ǿɽеķ紵ݶЩֵ˫ۡޣ䲻αԼܲΪ˶Сġй¶ݣؽͷ
ֵܣǵ죡Ⱥ֮УĪ˵ȡԼѰ·Ϊ˺ӣԸˡ
ʱҹɫټɽڰࡣŵŨⷽءǸɵϢūĿΨһĵضڰʲô
һĴк£ǵֻİΣͷͼԼӵĿе֪ȵĲԶ塣﷽ԲΪ֮أԴ˴ΪǿѰꩽ֮ձ޸ۡʵ˴ĵط뿪Ϊ̳Ŀ£δӦпɳ֮
չȥɽе֮࣬ռݵĵ̷ˮǷѣǰţǰȴǽסˡ
ЩɫɫʹһĿܶ඼δŵļһȴ׶ǿǳ˿ֻͷƤ顣
伮ƣ¾ɾ컯һһľǧ飬еҲ˾ǣ
ʱɵ֮ѣ죡
ۼΪʵ֮ͬˣʵûʲô
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⣬֪ǻ֮򣬻ĸû֮ʣ⼸ԼĴڡȥ硭
ھ֮Уһ۹Եūͬһ㰲ȻӶ뿴Զ֪ʲô£Դ˴֮󣬱ûŲط׳ɭֵһۣ䱸ԶһȺԳˡǰһԺһȴŮӵòʱæסԼҵĵ̡
һ̧ͷ˿ɫתĿԶǡʱ֣һֽաͷ£ߴļ̨Щƣƾ˼ֵءУɽܵ㼯ȥ
꣬һ΢΢һһйǣţʹ˲ɵǫ̈Ĥ֮⡣Բ֮ʣǻ㱵ĴʧˡתӤ̬Ȼ
һüͷ˫гâ΢΢˻Ϊһǣڲ֪зֳһʶ̨֮ܣٻϵ֮Сɽ磬Ǹߴļ̨ɴƽʢֵܺƼΪһ̣Ψū⡭
֮һ̨ŹŹֵĽƣֻԼǣεʲô޴档ⲻڴˣŲΪšİȻӤ
һ˼Ƭ̣˾ϡʶҼԶֻ˵Դ֮󣬱˫붨䱾Ȼ£ԭֻһɡ
ͬʱеɫ΢
ת˲֮䣬һ˵µǧͣ״Ϊŵľֹ˲ŷĵ¶ȥ£ҵϢŨҡ
ֱǧһٴֹסȥơʱ֮̿Уȴ˷ԻȻԼ֮ѭȵԴѰٶȥ
вʱһκһᣬȻһƬ֮СüɷһӿȶʱȻ޴档˫ŻأĿ
һҶҰɣ¸ߵͲȡһխСһ˽ȥȴȻһתȥͬһڵµɽȴϪˮֻаııˡ
һԻ˿漴ҶһȥһߣƬȥƲڰԶת˸䣬δɣǰ
һĹһһ޴Ҷ֮С˵һ¯֮С
ҶɴСһɷԲĻ̶ҵҽӿֹɼĺȥϵĶںƲգǱʴһ©״Ĵ󶴣ĳΪʶ͸
ٽ̶һ࣬һƬʮɷԲİݴһڡϷųãҡͷգǰ̧һУһƻ뿪ҽɵ˸ǰ
һָƻ滯һɵĻֹҵԲδ˫üһǱ任ŵĻ淴ץȥˡһʧӰһ֣ΪȻҡҡͷԴɷ׻֮ûм˵Լ
֮£ȻҽĴڡ˴棬էһ뵱ڵĵػ£ȴ˸Ĳͬɣνꩽֻ֮ϧδѰ޸ġʯȻ±¡
һֽҶػز鿴˼飬ǳ֮⣬δ쳣ԭأȴһʱɲǾʹȥѰʯǼһðգڵϵֻԪò˶ñֳԭūʵĲ̡ŮӵԵʣ񡭡
Ƭ֮һŻո𡣶δȥҶ֮ͻȻðһһ磬֮ŭ¼СӣһҺ£ӡ
һȥһ٣˫ͫ΢ֳľȻ׳ɭ˵Ӱһ˾ǰɷһ󣬳
ԼĶ򣬲β浽˴˴һԾ֮ʣڵ׳ɭȵգ֮䣬һɫĹâżĺХȻ룬һǱ˻̶ߵĿյϡ֮ɲǣ顪һͷҶŻζ£漴ǼʯмɱĽ
ףʯӲ
׳ɭһתںؿһƣȻܵȡֲδߣЦһ̳δΪҪǱ˴
һ׳ɭʲᣬ̧ƳնŮӰƮƮâƳȴɫ˫üбʵΪκҡ


914 Ϊκ
޴ҶڣڡȵϢ
׳ɭնɫ졣һǶվڻ̶ߵһĿյϣͻңңš
ͻȻĸֶڵ£һΣҡһʺһ飬һ߰׳ɭһһ
ĬȻƬ̣ʵ˵Һ㣬Լã԰գ۹ת΢΢չһЦֵ޸ۣܲ
׳ɭƽ̶ߵǿյأⲻơЩԣȻ׿ȥסΪ֮һǻҽ֮ϣһϮƮƮķ欣ǡƳʢһɷǽ޶ˣ
һȴɫ΢㵣ѲŮ֪ԼϲֱۣʵҺƭˣҲֲ˼ңϾǧķޡ
ɱ׳ɭұ㡮褡֮ˡһĴǰİٰٴλصʱĽģɱȻһʢʾ²˳٣֡
׳ɭԳȻ֮УȴǲΣĽ٣ɵŭȻʧ붯ȴɫۺɫĹâȻұĻþ֮ԡ
״һʱһСɫɣվŲ
Ȼߵ⣬˲䴩͸˷ɫĹâűɱƺݺãȻе׳ɭ츳ֻıܣԷͻȻæҵػӶ˫ۣҪ޴
䡪
һը׳ɭһͷײʯϣʹҶ΢΢ζҪ·ҽ֮УȴǱ˼£ſסΡܵķɫâǰ߸Ѫ佥ع̧ͷʱ׹˸
ɫһ䣬æ̧һУߵһߣƸʤǰȵһʱһпɶԸ֣ҽһ
֮⣬ҪūΪͽߡΣͷһδæŶ֣ǴҪЮĿ˵Գɵһͷ
붼δ룬˵ɱ˳Уһ㡭
⧲֮ͻƣַ͵Ϯ׳ɭܴᡣΪɱԼȻöּ֮ۻۣʵ޿̡ŭɶغŮ俴źΪ鷳¼ʿֵһᣡ
׳ɭ¶һɲǣʼηѲһƴ䡣ȻԾѪȻȥ֮˲䣬˫ַ裬һĺɫ޸ƿն
ͬʱɫһȥס
Ī֮ʣ׳ɭֻܵľö˻̻̲֪һĺɫ쭺Ȼ产Ȼɫ䣬Ϊʱ
䡪
ħ޸ݿһ׳ɭֺݺҶϵʯ֮Сһľ죬űһҵĻζһʱ֮ʯɽ꣬ҽֹǡɽһľˣ
ķδܽѼأߵ΢ĹâڲҶһ磬أԻʧɫ
ܵĶδͣϢһ̤˰֮СһУһֻʯһֻǬɵСתȻĹˣаȻħӡһʵֻҪżҪնɱڵĶֲ¡׳ɭʬ޴棬ѻһ΢ɲľѪɾħӤħûɡ
һȦ
һ֮Էǲͷһҡ˵Ļ֮ͫԼֳȥǿУ˭һʿȻʩչǿͨ
һûǾԿҶߴǸĶڡΪħӡţų֮мӿ죬ȴȻѱߡв֪ͨδԸŵһĪҪϵֲźá
ꩽŨأ谭ʶ֮ܡ˵ɣӦ޴󰭡Ƭ̣ǴӭȻЦ֮ɵ飬лˣѼʯɿʹá
һƣתǿյϣ̧ۿŮӣҡҡͷ룬˵㱻ԷһһƽĻɴ˿ɼһߡ
֮ʼŮӵ֮Сûȡ̳ıһֱڵȴʱȻвȡյԴԸԼǸԹߣȴƣ˵׾١
һĬĬ¶һĨЦδıˣȴһһȦ֮СÿÿоգԼǹ˵Եʡֻ۸ɽ˽µĹ֡нңĿİ
ʶҵԪβˣ϶һ㡭һһץһǵ˸ʯС֮һ£ء
֮⣬磬һϮƮƮ޶ׯɡԷͣǨŭ֮⣬Цϼ壬ұؽڣūаֶΣ֮壡
һΪȻҡҡͷеʯʵ޸ۣͬ뿪򡭡δ䣬Էȥʵ˻棿
ǸۻĪΪıҪ͵͵뿪򡣶ŮӼȻ֪£ԸóʯӺıĳˣΪֹ֪ԣһ̧ͷ
ĿԲŵʵ˵϶ҪҶȥ㰵ͼı졭
һƿԡң˭ȥ
Ȼأ溬ɷҧгݵغ޺޵ɶ϶ǧػһӣ˭ʼҡҡĪ̧һöɷ飬ŭҷǽ˫ȴˡҪΪ뿪벽
ŮǷħˣеˣһòĺŮΪħΪľĶǣ
һȻæ˺ǿ褣漴Ĩȥʯϵʶӡǡ˲䣬Ի˯ѵ۶з˳
Ļû˺ӣ˲÷ŭæ۶ӹȥշţҴֹΨиʧϻͣţԹĵ϶ȻҪ
һûߵ˻̶ߣеʯٵǰĵطֻʮɵķԲѰǬ䣬˽նɣɴ㶫ΨȡѪĻȦƴӣȴеУԲͬ
ǽȦڵԪʿԲ⵹Ǹķӣдպĥ
ʱʯꩽ֮޸۲ǵ֮뿪֦
һ˼֮ʣҶͻȻðӴҴææӰԷһľֳΪؿһۣ㱼ǰ˵ѽ۶
ɫؿһԲ
էһӰȻӹ˲ö룬æʵ׳ɭڣĪҪֵܡ
ﲻݷ˵̧¶һʯ˲㽫۶Сתŭ͵˹ȥʹߣ㻹Ŵҵ۶Ҵ϶
Ӵʧɫת㣬ĵл˵ܻػӣһֵѣΪκҡﲻĵؽ׷ᣬת˲ʧڳĶ֮С
Ҷ֮Уֻʣһһˡ죬ĬȻ


915 Ϊʦ
ҩȵǿµϣһˣһ׳ɭˣ
չȥֳǲתֵܸԲ첻⡣е϶׳֣ѰһʸסŮλͬĿһлȻ
˵뿪Ƭ̣ȴʱδתôţɱأ
׳ֵĲ²⣬ʹ׳ľ׳׳ҶΪȻֵܵѪͨȱʧһˣ˴˵֮Уۼڶ࣬Ī⡣⣬Ѱ
֪Ҵȥ򡭡׳ûԣʮ⺰һɤӡ
һ˶ɣ֮ǰûʲôͬŵöеƤ̧һ£صҲŲ׳ɭȥ˺δǸҴźһȥұѰֵҪˣ̳ıߡ
׳һȻ޻˵Ƭ֮Щεؿλֵܣο̳Ϊʱ磬£ҵȵȡ
µְһȻֵضԶ̨
ɽȣһ֮¡ǳҶĪ֪Ӻζڲ֪гķĳʢŨңʹͷ֮ȶڴѡ
һ̣еһͻȻüʶ˫ۡ΢΢ԼȻ̬ȻǱģµʱԭصֻǼĻչȥ֮䣬Ψ¶ȻԷݡŸ֮УΨ׳ɭˣӺƸû뿪ԭءǰҶеһУʹ˻
ǧɸߵļ̨Ϊ֣ԵùĪ⡣ŰɽȣΪ֮ķҡʤνʢһʱδ֮ϵ֡
һ۹ڽǰϣ΢΢⶯ԷȻһȴͷҲصش˵ֵѣ϶
Һʱˣһлͫ΢΢һ˲ǱֻеһΪӦ硣ͨǿڲΪ˲ʱƻ׳ɭһͬǱҶ˺ͻ䡣䱾ȴѱķʹֵȻڹʱһԩһڵ׷
һɫزһƳʵȷӿڷ粻ϣε֪Ҫ޸ۣؽʯ񡭡Ϭеū۹漴ֲԵرȻת
СѾͷ˼ʲôأһԳԾӣⲻ֪˼ҵ·ΪȻҡҡͷ˵ūһԵʵӣԶš
˽ūΪ֮⣬һʵ֪ζԴŮӡ
ߣ£ùңֻҪ̣û˸Ҷֵ㿴ūΪԵڡΪΪ檣ǣۺʱεأһݸģС
ʲôΪΪ檣ΪʦֻոӰˣδˡһ룬ȴִɵٴοԡ˴δūŮȻûʲŵɬ̧һ˫ɫɻ󲻽⡭
ĵ۹һһ΢δѯ˼ҵ˼뵱ȻæʵūԸΪʦ
ūɫ΢΢ײʱ˵޲Ϊħޣ֮⣬һ治֪ܴʲô϶˵֮ںΪʦĪҪӵܲźá
￴ˬ죬˵ȴһ氡ܴʲô֮ϣĹڵĲͨԼ㾳ԼֶЩϣֱ΢ūʴӱòŮӣΪҪһʦһʿأ
һɵԳһЦˣıãһԵ
ֵѣɺҡ
òӣͻȻڴʱŭĿסڴɲǣν΢΢¡ݶ룬һڵ޴ӣԻصɽ֮УյȡһʱƬ̵İȡһ˽
һ죬֧ǸһΪӺϻƭҡ
ӰһȻ߳С֮ĶȾ֮˲δ˵꣬һĵֻ뷵ɽſһԱΪ·սû䣬߳Ѱо仰˵ĺãŲŲһ仰һշްնǧȺ
ޣٲ٣ֺǧޣ㻹һƭҡ
һ˽Զ˵ȴˮһڲݡһĲͣܵΡԺӤûȥΪ漴Ȼ£δԶ˴Ը⡭ȥһ٣¶ЦݡǰѰ۶ʱū໥ʶΪδջءԼһһûŮӡ
һ¶ȥѰ٣ת˲ѵǸҶ֮С̳֮ǰԽ޸ơֵʢϵЩӦڷʱû뿪򣬹ʲô
طҶĻ̶ߣһĿƬ̡صؽƷֻһ飬ٳɡһӣǿʮɴСĿյϣȻһԲۡ
һĿϸƣִһһâŵۺ΢΢˲һΪһУ֮ӰΨʣһ˴Ĳβˣڷǣ֮£̶Ϸ
ڴ˿̣ħӤԪӱһץǿʯ˫ֻӶڵҽ֮ϺɳһΧʯ
ͬʱһʩչһͬķԺɾ¯ϵʮʽӡž䡰˿ػ档
סӡĲ֮£۵βʱΧʯڴȥߴݼһαʮչȥ
һ̶ߣһħӤԪϥ˴̬أ˫ԻӶͣꩽմһɴСβͨ죬ĵط΢΢¡֮ףʯѲԭģֻһǹ˸ɫâڻ̶Ϸ
ɫĹâβ֮ϣϢ֮ȻըʱâѸΪһ塣䲻ݻ֮ʣһɿһŵֻĲٿȻָԭ״ȻȻ⣬гز壬˦ȥʮɾһԵħӤԪʱ֣˴Ĭ޼䡣
ת۵ĹɾԪز֮ڡԻ£漴顢顱죬۸ԭ
ߣ˷ۣ԰ǻͣӷɱɡ
ʶ֮У޴󰭡һɿתסԶħӤԪţаΪͷ
ΣһΡڴĮؾ֮УħӤǸаľѪ֮ΪͻͽΨӤʧ⣬ѹơ˭׳ɭľѪ֮Ӥû˹˼ɣħԽ
ǼԦħӤԺԼʲôӣֻǵӤΪֲ̫òħӡȥɲɣ
뵽˴һһħӤ漴̬һص˱ڡֱۻӶ塢ɴС۷̶ٿȻһ糤ʯͷ䵽СвԶ꣬ת̧סֻҶ˵ų࣬һĶʱʱ֡

ǡڴʱ̶֮ͻȻ΢ġһ
һСۣѭȥҽɣһʱʲôáڴ㷲֮ʣһɫӰҶĳʯð˳֡ǰ


916 ǻ
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Ӥɽ֮УһȻһıȴæ޸۶Ͼˡ˵ˣ䱾Ҳ¡ū˵Ի̬¿ˣԵһЦ漴˼
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ǼһǸҺ֮ͽǲ𣬱ֻлΪūͷ뽫εεߣǴ˷֮еһջ֮УǿнӵоѰ
˿Ųζܣūʦʦʩչݷ¡Ѱλǰӻȴ˶ԷµķûкΪأ
Ӽū޹ʶߣʱɻѲĳ˰޸ۣͬ˲һӤҴҸ¶ȥΣۼΪʵ
ϷӶ뿪ֵ˵һգҪѰ׳ɭ뺢ӵ䡭żֲ⿴һ㲻һеؼ׷ȥѰ׳ɭ뺢Ǽ٣ʹץס϶뿪档
ֵ׳ɭĽթȴԺçײļһԻһ¡
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ʱδιǰ
Σ̳ڰ֮ڿѰ

ǿµϣֻʣһķ£һĲ׽治ͣӣҲܲڰֻոӰˣ˵ĺ
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Ҷ֮ڣһͻȻͷջ۹⣬ū˵ңȦݱһʱ˵ţжһªʯԷɣһš£ٿȻʧȥӰ
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ｫӵ󣬳֮Уߵס׳׳ľֵܣʾһٻطֶԵУ޸ͨɱǲѣ񾡡
һĺ⣬̧һ֮䣬ǬѽҶڳڴɲǣ׳׳Ҷֵѿһ嵽˽ǰ
Ϊĸ֣һӲתԭʧȥӰ漴ǡ顢顭ļ죬ҡΣһ󡰿˺ѵĶǬ󿰿׹һﲻգԻӰǺһֱͨײ
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ˡˡǡҶ΢ȴʹ׳׳ľѪĽ͵ʹʱ˴ӻþоѹ˼£漴һǺǰﲻƴæҪܡ裬˸޿ˣ
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ǿУνļ١䲻ΪҪĸֶȴֲòƴӡֱɱɵþһԭмƽϣֵѲյɱа
˭˲ϢתĿɿڴǰƿƣӰȻλֵټ١
ﰵһ֪˽ΪԼվأü͵ҧһھѪ֮־Ӷ˫ͫ˸ߵ⡰顱ըʮŵķâ㼱Ϯȥ֮Уҳһ࡭
׳׳Ҷ׳âѪڣƲң׺쳣
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׳׳Ҷвѱһεķɫңæ
һȻǰָ㣬߳ؽ跨Ϊҽδ䣬ηȻһ׳׳ҶȻɣٴֵֵܵ˫ü֮䣬һץ֮סָξѪԹķžһֱԷ֮С
ϢĹһеʯһӡֵûˣԭضūӰ˫أ⾼ƳȻ䷽ŵһֹˮһ磬ȴɱɭɭ˼֮ɫ䡣
ūδȣȻĹˡԶˣһ־Σһ㵲ѡ
ﾪǣŽƴɱνһٲǣһԼĸĶ֣ȴŲæضһԣûʩչ޸ͨɵسûɱܻһ˫εǣ˭Լֹʼʩأ
û뵽һǿ˵Щʤ֮䣬Ϊһڵʿɱ˺ĸ֣̾
ﻺ˿۹һת˵ūһ岢ŻɣǰΪʦǰЦĳ˵ĺΪʦȴͻȻ˿ڡ
ūЩ޴ضδӦΧͻȻһ˺ѵľ졣
һ⣬æּ̧СͬʱѺȻ̮˰ߡҴ̣һĿȻͬڣڳ˽סɴ˫ۡ


917 ȼǸ
ǰɷԲĻ̶֮УһֱཬڣȻ֮䣬궯һкưĪƽض𣬲Ѹ־޴ҶڳϢһϡ
̶ҽֹֻЪȪӿʱѴӵĵطһɴС¡𣬱˵֮кķһӼū˼Ϊ֮㵲ѡ
ת֮䣬ҽ涸Ȼֿðһ־ϻת΢΢һ٣ͣڻ̶Ϸ
Σʧ̳
ūȻʧֻһգգһͬɫһݡҶ̨֮£Ѳɴе̳ɴ
ҽ֮ϣһǳɫʯ̨ĳһ޻аڷһԲεĹ̨߶СͬΪࡢסࡢɫʯ͡һ
̳ڡ
֣ȺҪһ̳ķ𣡶ڴ˵ɵԵɴһ䣬ٿȻһ˲䣬ɫӰ㵽ʯ̨֮ϣȴȻһ٣˵ȥ
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һ㶴ԭأһʱЩ֪롣ʶǻͫԿ̳ĹŹ֡ްȴظ类סֽţһʱͻΣ飬ηɽ⣿
ǡڴʱǷʯ̨΢΢һʱҪȥһڻ̶ߣæ̧ͷɵһҶ˵ǸڻȻ󿪣ƷµĳҵѵȻ޴桭
ֵѣҷ޲ȣߡū۶
ŵöһ͵ؿʮǷʯ̨˫أֻܳȡ֫룬áūһŵɪɪѲ֧š
һ˫üǰȥһֻĴδٽʯ̨һԶȻһʱɲת޺˿ڣ̧ǰڶʱ㵽ʯ̨֮ϡ˫δȣҪץԵūһϵƴƵȻӡ漴һ̱ǵѪϢ͡
䡪
һҧǿ֮ʣڵͻȻһ֮ɲǣһظ£Ƶ顱һµϥءűһâµʯ̨Ȼڿն˲䴩Ҷ˵Ķڡ
׵糸һĶǳ˶̶һȻʧ漴ʯ̨һ٣ܾȻ䡣һ԰ӣǿ̧׿ȥӸԶΧƼ

ͬʱһ֮ǳƵǧɼ̨ͻȻӿһĹâ漴ǰסࡢɫһʯ̨Ȼ֡
̳ǰˣȺܣȴɻ󲻽⡣̳ΪλʿһŮ
ɽȵǿµ֮ϣһӤվδ̳ϵΣǿԶļӰڼ̨һ˲ʱ

̳֮ϣһ۹ǼԶӰϣɵðпࡣ
ˣò죬ϵɲ⡣ɣνˣ԰еһλǸʿ

һ΢һæ׿ȥߵūȻƣߣſ˵ϣʹ಻пɣ಻ŸƬ̵Ĺˣ˰ǲףҪվΪѡ˳ûѣΨ־ܡ
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ѪΪ֮ϲ
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Ǽ˿ָѪǺ⣿һתǰǸ̨ͷŻѪǿڶȻڵصסֻò˶ãѪ㽫Ⱦⷽʯ̨νѪԭ̳
ʲô¶ɣ޸ۣ뿪ڼ˭Ȼ֮䣬ϵһתƼĴ棬Լ˵Ψֱ֮µãĿ֮ſ̳ϵųΪֶֹʣ벻¶ɰ
һ۹бԳ¡Σȴһ𡣻֪ӣֻԼҵ˲벻ūһѪۡ
ʿ鷳СˣԺδ˵ǻƺӵ׳ںдżֲм
һٴ̧ͷȥ
ģʿΪ裬һЦ˵ʲһ˵ýʥѼЦˡ̳Ǹɵöһۡ
һλ߽˵о仰ͬ壬ı죡ӵΪȻ񣿡
ӵҡҡͷ˵ɽѣĳ޶⣡
һŨߺߵǰʢ飬ء
Щ⣬˵׵ѣǡ
һ߷˵ֵܵ˼Ȱԡ˸͵ľ粻һʿ
Ϊ׵ǸʥΣɵһЦӶַԸˣҪ£Ҵ̳ףСʿԵλ£˭ȥһѡ
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ʥǰȻĹˡ֮Уףڵȴ̳һֹ̡һֲ֣˲ͷԸӦʵɷ羰Щ˵ϵܣǼɱ˼̳ʱ
ϵܵıǸŨߣطߣδΪָ֮ʹʱգ˵á
ʥŭȴһʱ㷢
ʱվԲЦ˭ҳΪ֮죡Ѿãؽٰ˷̳ȴҵԸ
ʥɫתϲ˵ϵܣǽĳõԶŴУز㣡ԷɫмδԶ̳װģذ˼ݣÿɷӦӣ
һһͣλѲؽ̨ΧԶ޲ɫڴСʿ̳ǿ֮£ǿŲ
ϵܡʥ־Ҫкʲλ߶֣ȴֺʾ˻վλµؿ̳һʱɱϹ׼


918 컯Ū
֮Уǧɼ̨Ķˣ̳֮ϣһϥأǰ̨ɢƣԼ˷ӿŨɱ
ΣƲİ
ǰ̶ǵʮֽֿڣйĿľ˵ͬʱԼһλ쳾ߵĹֻͣͣΪȴ괺еǼˡµԼһֻĲӥ۳֮࣬ȴȻ糤ա
һˣһȺﵱļƷֱǻ֮һעҪң˵ң˵ˣء
һϤһæ׿ȥūǿڱѪʱᱬ˲Ŀãߵ鱯ȴֻܽԼҵˣȴŶ˵ս٣ѷΪǱɫȴ͸żο
״һ˫üѪӿǧһڴһƴ˫ֳŵأ͵̧ͷĽһž졣̳֮ϵɽ֫һҲŲֺ
ͬʱǿµϣӤɱɭɭȻ漴Ȼһ͵ǰȥǸɧūԳļһδԶȴѶܲ顪һˤɳȥһٱ߶˼߹ǣ۵ֱУδرҪѰ͵Ϯ߱𣬶ǵӰȴٿˡ
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ʥ뷢ȴλȥ
ڴɲǣ̳ϣһͻȻһâ֮ӰէּۻʱϯܡȻ׳Хǡ֮ɽȡ֮ʣǡһ˺죬ظֻһԵūɡ
λȻɫеĽʥǱףŭޣСӾȻˣұ
ԶֵɫһϻޣĪǣһд桭
Ӥ˲䣬֮֡һͦص˲䣬룬ϾǼλĶӱ۳ɷ͵سǰ˹ȥ䡪һڰжȻըɫ̨ʯ飬̳֮ϵĽƱ
һһ̣㰵⡣ͻȻûӦ伫죬ץūվȴֻȻ޴Ƽ޴ӡǡڴʱ˺ȵȦɣ˱ԭʧȥӰ
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֮УȺߡǧɼ̨֮ϣһȻūӽȦʯȨ֮ơΣڵϦǷͷɣҶһʱһʱŽʯϣۻϵƱ˷ȥ·ޣλˣ
һһƲѪʱԼԺĸֶҪԶ֮µãһ֮λΪӻԴС
ת֮䣬һɫĹâڶɱ赲
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һ춯صľУħӡ˻ķײ֮£Ű궯羪κ˰ȻкĸҡΣ׵Ľʥһ漴ɫ΢
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ܵδʹɱ֣һæҪȴֽһͨˤסһѪ¶ƽѪһڣѪ漴ûʯ̨вˡ⣬¶һĨŨĿЦʲŵçײѻʯ˾ѱѡ쾳ΪҴգ۸¡ֻǡӽڽˡ
һʧ֮ʣ˺λ֣Сħ˫ޣɷѯһᡭѭȥӻ˹뼸λЦкԷһ̬δ
֪ܴǸȻһЦ˵ҼСΪ죬档λһ£ŵһħͨҵΪʩչ˭мܵסǺǣʶ
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ʥһƵŨ룬ɫһתʢ˵˵޵ĸˣָһͷԵ㡭
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˵Ĺһò׻˿ԾƲ޴󰭣˫һʯ̨Ҫ˭һɫâ¼ʱ㽫ڣʹ׶Զ
أ䣬ҪҲɣһ⣬ѭŹâϿȥɵþһڵɫâֱագۼ䣬վâ˺ѳһСĺɫѷ죬мл䡣һƿһöƣȴʮɺһͣ
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ϲĴЦһͷһ̳ʱеĪǰȡñԼ·ɫâ̺ĲǽƣͬһĴڣӤŲóָǺã
˲ö룬һæʶȴԴ͸ɫĹâ֮ǰʯ̨ϵɷ£û˶λȲ˹ɵð̾һù͸컯Ū˰
һ֮ʣɫһɷ顱һ´ʯ̨ϷȻһơ̶дڳһɫӰȻһͷɳ˫׻췢һŭ
ɲǼ䣬Х˷


919 ߽
֪ǸܵĪٻһ˯̫ãɷеĻͷΣͷת
ǺôĶ
һӤһŭԶԶһХ̵ıȱͷǺ޹˼ɵйǺ˯ʮİ׻ޣô¡صǳˣ
ͷһɲǣɫâɶһв⣬һεɴ˫ۡ
ɽ֮УХڻص޴İ׻ΧɫâӨ̬ýǿ׳һԱ΢΢з֮Ƕͷϻһ߳Ľɫǣصơ
Ƽ̨֮λԾ㵵漴ֳʾ⡣ԽʥΪףһͷߡɵĻɫ޻¼λȻΨëɫͬ˴֮£׻Եø߹һͬʱ£ȺעĿ
һвĹ򣬰׻ͻȻָΣһ׳ǻͷģȻЩͿԶֳôôϤͬ壿Ϊ͸ž⣬˴žϲ˲иΪ׽ǣǰǺ
ͷλ͵תڰеļǡڴʱɫâɢеһöٿȻֱ䣬ƿȴǺ׵ըѡ
顱һ죬΢΢ȴټɽţʹ½Ϊ֮
ֻΣĪʥЩеءһ벻һеسǰȥλͬ˼ֻƿըѵһ˲䣬һηŽɫѪҺƷɳۻƥ֮ס˼̨ڵǧɷԲʱη
ͷ㶴ԶһѪҺԼ
һһᣬδңظٴδƵͨһƨڵϡ۹һץµƣ̧ͷȥȻѡǵڡ쵤֮ʱĻͷȻ˲ںڵΪȣԼӤв硣ƿװģĪǱľѪУνԶǼһɣɸߴһɫѷ̴桭
ڴʱһѪҺ뵽˻ͷü֮䡣͵رϣʹ಻ȭͷֹ߬סһǵĴϡ
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һйУһѪƲˣҪվ̳ϵɷȻڿն𣬡ﬡһ˻ͷСͷһϲæ뿪˵ء
ڴ˲䣬ܵλȻƽеĽʥŭ߳ߣıͬٴеģȻκ˴߻ͷԶ޼ʹʢ١׻߽٣ڼĸָտɴгûߣؽһ
ͷӲɣȴ֣˫ۡƳܣȻȻһ٣һͬһ
㡭һǼһɫ쳣ͷ۹⻺һżֹؿֵ㡭屳壬䡢ȸ׻ʮ֮㡭δ˵꣬ɱһʢȴ͵ҡҡͷǿϮʹ࣬˭
ʮ⣬λɽĻһ˵޵մѪ֮һױŨ߲ܵ˵֮յ帴ˣɴ˶ʼյİߴЦ˵ݼͬû˵Ķľңңһ鼫Ϊ
ʥλͬľٶ۽ǳ鴤ţһȵСӣͷٰݼ١
һͷ۹ɨǵʧĺɫѷ죬Щʵ˵ͷϴ󡭡
ͷãȻӣҲƵ˫УĮȻ꣬˫üƣ͸żֵĲͷʢ˵طԸлպ˵ЪϢһ
ǰȣʱĻͷνˡһɬ֮ʣһǿͫһٲаֵĳɣ߾ȫƿһʱûǵСĺɫѷ֮С
ʥҪǸСӣȴԷȻðնագӱ۷һץǰѳµһɫѷ졣붼룬һͷ˽ȥ
ͷһлδ̳֮ϡ漴ϥʱһдĹâ֮СȻѪĴУոտʼˡ
ɽλ̳񣬲ϢĹ֮⽵٣νӦּ⣬Υ𣬸˽ԲҷʹСӳû롣Ϊһ𣿶겻壬ںη
Ƭ֮󣬰չâһð˽ʥӰЩܻ˫һ̯ʾԼû׷ˡ
̳ʱ򣬹ľѪļѰλʥ޹ֲ֮⻼ûʧеĶɽ˵̳Ӧȥ˼ʶƽϣͬΪ²˳١
ʥǸͷֺõļ߰һԸȵȺȥλͬ˵ĲԶͷȻ

һޱ߼ʵڣХȴӰΨʱʱһէּĪ⣡һУ淽ֻܱǰ۶ȥ
һϸеĹâնһæ֮лȭһӰһ죬âըԷӶ͡壬˺ѣǼӲ쳣׶˼飬ؿڼ֫ʱѪ㣬۵һ졣
ǰһֹסȥΪʱһͷ˽ȥգ֮侰䣬ǱͷſסΣ̧
Ũڵҹɫ֮УһɽȡﾲֻҺˡؼĪĶţʹԶ֣һʱԿסɽȵϷȻ·һŹֵĽƣʹ˲óȻС·
һ£ɫȻںһƬ󷨣ԼĪǧɵĴСΪࡢơڡסɫɾ̾ͣƽصһ˲䣬ǿŨصĺϮʹ꼤ѰԾ£ͫȥ
󷨵ĵ룬ɫɾΧ˰ɵһط뵲ݣԳزķƻתͬʱõӰٿִҴٿԶȥ˼˽סһľս
⾿Ǻڣ
Щ翵ӰΪ塣߻̻̣ȥãȻǡһδ֪·ϱŶ޷ͣЪ׷ֻע
һͷһˣæͷѪ߰ߣ͸˵ǱȴϢ˳޷ԣ׻һ˵߲֪
ͻȻأܴ֮ˣֱܵţһЩͷת򡣻̼֮ʱͻȻʲôæϵȦӶһ¡ūð˳ԶЩ֪롣
֡ǰˡ
ūͺӷȴ鲻ԽһӽԹ˲ܵΣת˸ǰɫж͸żֲ졣
һЩε죬ڰʾ޷ԼŻԼȴҪŪˮʯſաһʱ㱣Ƕľη
Ȧ֮УȻ֪һСʱ˵أŮӻǾʵֵѣ˹򡭡


920 ֮
ǿ֮УӵĬȻ
һУĿԶ޽٣ʵϡøΪǿ󡣶Ժཫ˼Īı
Ǹħ˫޵ˣȻܹǵƤ°ȻѣЩ˼
Ƭ֮ӻԶ֮УӰȫޡ鳤룬ҡҡͷһصڣսᱻ֪ǵĹԽӽȴҲһǴ
΢΢һЦֳüʶ
֮⣬ʮ⼲۶ڡ
ӲΪȻغһ漴һ˦̧һգʱԭʧȥӰ
꣬һȺ޷ɱһãȻҴܡ

Уū鿴
һ뿪ƬŹֵ󷨣һ˾ЪϢǰνƴȫʥʵǿδЩͬУ׶赲оգøˡ
ҹɫ֮£һܰâû֮ţȻеһ˫ۡĵҩɵϢ˰գڵ޴󰭣ļҵϡõɾ̧ͷܵΡȻԶѰ٣ɽлһá
˵ԹжţȴӲ֪ڡвĵ伮ȴмأֻصأѰȵȡӵĽֻ֮أвԸתΪߣ˹Ȼ壬ȻҲν׳ƵĹޡڼ֮ڻް֮УζΨԳɼﾡֻأվѳɴ
⣬ֻأҪܡ롰߾֮ࡣָ߾ǶϾ顣Ͷ̥ת֮ȴǰԼȴǰԵһҲǣȻעֻأֺαִһأɹ飬ǲ̻Ȼ
ӻ˵ˣؼŨ֮زֻһȻֽӿɳǬֻصĵܾڴǳ֪֮СʶóȻ򣬲ź棬һ۽硣
һڹĵطɾ
࣬һ֮ԣΪƾŲţԼˡ
һӻαǸںЩʲôǰҺúûһһ⣬ӣ˼ʶǬ䣬һС
Ѫ׼ſɿ̳֪ԼѪһڣǷΪĲûԶĴг֡ڴ˱ΪĹ̨֮󣬱ﾹȻƿնͷõľѪ֮⣬һơ
ǬĽ
һһһһƪΪؾƪֶѡƣһ죬һأϴڤΨһѣ侳ΪСɣɡ
ǡһ߬еһסһͷԡ顢顱һƪԶŵɷ˵ɵʩչĶݷ쾳ΪɽؾСɣԴƣΨдﵽľ磬ݷſɡ
ľϲʹһЩԳ֡꣬һ֣ԸûϢȻʧЦ˯ʱͷĪˡ֮ǰΪԼҵĶݷ±һ
ؾΪֻС֮ǹĲȫԵʣ
һֽеһ飬δȱ֮漴˫üһ壬˼ѡݷΪศɣûӦķӳ֣ʩչһݡ澭ƣΪ֮ľ붴йľֱ꣬ΪˡɡɾֻἰΪ桢֮ûˡ
ؾУͬûἰԲķš崫УǵУΪ֮δ֪ڶ֮ѵвΪ֪۷ڣ
һǺøԶ֮ˣ֪澭еľ֣֮δ֮ϡ֮һһǿĶ֣䱶С
ǰ־Զȴһֱͷи·ͷòɴ˫ۣǰʧ˷򡣻Ƭ޼ʵǿգȻֻһ羰
һüǹϥͷ϶ơһڡһסһ࣬䡢׻ȸļªΡ֮һɫһ
ɫֵһ˲䣬ĺӿʹͷһԼɼһɬѶĿھСַǡɲǣһʶңϢһϣĻ꼤ſڱһѪæ֮һɫã
һԾѪ˳Сƣٲʶ²СһƣΨɫͬƣӦ÷ֱȸ׻ȱһֻ
һ룬óһεʯơưײβͬһʯȥԶԾݹУƣȴеŵʶ֮Уɼ׻еǾھ֮
֡ǰ
Ϥĺūӵ˽ǰһϾĥƵô㽫֮𲢳ȥ˷ܡ
üһ۵˵ֵѶо֮д֮⣬Ϊʦ
ūһǰͣƲʤһ㣬ᴭ˼˵ūֻǵǰơ
һЦ˵ûŻɣ㼴߾ͣȻҵˣҵĵӡ
ҹɫ֮УūԵý߶ˡһһתӵ
һӵվްԸпĵصͷʾ⣬˵ڵ֮ʣ˽鿴һ顣ɽȲ°ķԲо󷨣ԵһΪ޴ʯأΪ·ڡ
˴ӻ˸񣬶ԷǰһԸпĪ˵˭뵽Ρҿתַ˵ɫʯ̾Уڰ뵣Ϊ֮⡣ȥ֮УȱȽǡɣֻ֮ءҵ˴δżȻ֮ʱ´в̳޴֪
ӵⷬҲЩءһԷ˵󷨣Ϊ󡢷Уһ㡣ڣƣɼǴ˼Ψһ֮;
͵֮УǿĹûҵ϶УԷݣֵѡ˴ӽɫУһհļơӵԷΪ˰׻𣬻ǰñﲢȻħ˫޵ı£һѰʿ򵥡ǿ֮á
һӦȻλ̽ȥ·ǡ
һЦתͷǰ·ӹʾǫ֮⣬ɫԳɱ˹ȥūϮĺȺ۹͸Ī׽һУȴǶԶеľʯ˿ˮ


921 ֻص
֮УεĻ洦ɼһɫ죬·һҴææ
һӵѰǰУƳһۡ䲢еū֮һЦһɫȻ
ūһԼԼİɫӰֹࡣǻǾݵŵŰƵķΪסһŮӲóһ֮顣
һūǷΪ׺ǧõת޹ؽҪ˵ˣҲϲʴӱұԴƵŮӡԷΪӲǸڣԱӻǳԡ֮ͫȴôһŮӣҲ
ū֪Ϭƽ⣬һս׽ǴδйĹУƺ֮䣬һбŮû˽㺡
֮ڣɭɭΣĪ⡣һ˲Ҹ߷ɣֻӵؼС
ÿͣСƬ̡
ǰһ̵ʶпԿ֮⣬תۼֻʣХʹ˶ʱ治巽Ҫ˷İҹѰȥ·¡
ͷǰ·һͣĿҵһ·ֱУԵε˴˴ŷ˸ӡλ˵ѹʮգһȻ֮ңմȥûµĹ߲򡭡
Ӱڰʾοų˼ؽƣ뷲νġǽм¡л֮ͫܣҵȻ˴򲻴С
һū˵˵Ľǰֹס˽Ųܲ𣬰ݣƮõӰ´˲ɵܵζĿѣԡ
ֵѣм̡
Ǽһ˼żǸʵ֮УΨΪߣȻص˴·֮𡣶±룬Ծϲÿ
һͷƻܵӰԶٿʧںХ֮СδһͷģĻð˳ͬһδת˲ֲӰȥԴҴ˹
һջ۹⣬Բ˼ҡҡͷתʻ˵εǰбǡΪ㲻ȥͫãʶ·
Щ⣬ʵͫͨ½ƻΪҪá
һ˿ɫɻӣֿ˿һūͷҲ˵Ȼһ٣ָ˴ʾλϸƣɱߡԷѭָ򶨾ȥ򡣵֮ϣƵĺһԶȥȥէһûʲôãϸϸ⣬ŷڵ֮תƻþȴС
Ȼ˵ɴ˿еİ󷨲ǾֹǻŵĸڻתֹҵУ֮ⷽ˴ǸȻһЦ޵ֵѼ΢ʶ棬ֽ֮֮̾ʱΣҾᣬΪ֮Ҳūʦϱӵĸ񡭡
һƤһȣ죬Ŀתⲻϲҳ𣬻˵üأ΢ᣬ˻Ҳá䣬Կæڰ֣˵Ǻǣˡ
һǫѷŶԷĪ⡣ȻһЦתǰ
˰£֮ǰµ󷨣һвҴ⣬һ˹ȥڹ֮д˽һ֮Խһɽڣֹסȥƣפ
ǰİԶһɫʯɣռͨԲӣǡһεضƻֺ׳ֻۣŻŵĺԼǵƣη
⣬ʯĶˣǡ糤ҹѿһ΢ķ϶к£ʯĵ׶ˣа˸ߴŶɿɸߣǳѱ棻ʯĸڣɷԲһ£Ϊɫʯ󷨵ӣŨҵԪħ޲ڣԴԴϵŵ㼯ȥɴǣתϢ
ʯΪڣŶǹͨΨһ;Ҫ뿪˵أɡڵ˴˴ﰵһųƼǰȰո·Ͷ١βЪϢһƽϣһʱң򲻿ɴ⡭
һΪȻȴʵֵѣΣ˵Żӽתūڶһ˱ӰشţԷȴǳ˫֣԰Զ
ʶ֮ʱʱ裬ȴǶ϶ؽ﷽Բһп˸š󷨣Զұ仯ˡĻǣֹ֮νֻصΪɣǴͨ£ǳתֻȴδйһʱͣЪ
һĩˣⲻֻءһգЩεǻӰ֮Уһһˡ롰߾֮󣬻ǵԼǰǧѹ羰ߣֺǵʲô
һתįԶɫһţͷӦεԣЪϢһδ˵꣬ͫһʧǡ֪æ˺˼ԼūվһţԲȻѡ
֮⣬ǻƸĺ֮УͻȻڳʮӰֱ˶Զʵķĵ˶ߣëȻ
ǻʧɫ֮أȻйĴڣΪϵΪ
Ȼʧ漴޿ɬ̾㲻ϻǺáԶȥܡһΪĹ鶼öԸͻȻӿʮĪ˵һеͷ۲ѡ˼ҵĵ̡
ūԲ֪֮ʣǵĺŨصʮӰת˲˲Զһ˺ѷεعǺ˷֮ɥѰ
һ룬ӱ󣬺ȵȦݱһʱһ˼ʼʩ붼Ǹʯ֮СδɣŤͷڶȥʱй֡йӣҲйײ顢Ҿƣʶůһûʲôͬʱ˿̣ηֻɡǰ߼һ
ɣʮӰһȥ·Σͷһæңٿһʯȥ֮ɲǣһ޸ȻͥɨѨ֮ƺݺǰʮӰ֪ܣӭͷײϡ
䡪
ҹɫ֮Уٲ糶һȻɣƷǷħ޸ң´¹ӰΪ֮һȫʩչݷǰۣһ˲䣬ʮӰƾնǰ졭
֮䣬һͷһһȺɱļһ


922 ֻ֮
ҹɫ֮Уһٴûȥ·ӰײХǡƵ;ĩ·һ㣬ʹ˻̻Ȼ֪롣
ħӡûôת˲㽫Ⱥ֣֮һ붼һƬȭӰ֮ɲǣһƿն͵ؽ令˵䣬צǰȥĺ֮Уϵһէէ֣ɷ䲻ͬʱһһȻߴ׳ǱȦ֮е׳׳Ҷ
ֵ֮ãȻȵɱߣһſܵΡûԶʱ¶࣬־ͷһۣɵ˫˫һ㶡ΥʶӡԼҵһ
ȡᣬļһһ׮¡С߬˼ҵֵ͵ػӰ໡һǰ
䡢䡢䡪֮УӰȥ·ײһӡвƳȥɢƲ٣һƺһ±ŵ˻һѪߣǿ£ֹסΣɵɫࡣ·ʮ飬Ǻϵĸ֡лŸļһĽ˷֮ͨ⣬벻ΪκԼ̫С
໡໡Һ׳׳ҶԱӰסƴɱȴѲڡʮӰ˵һ󡭡
ʱ˵أ鷳ɾʹˡһδȣշǰָ͵صһ⣬գۻʮϸСĻٿȥɷ׻֮˲Ϣ˰ɵķԲǡһѩһ㣬˵ǰĹӰһʧĹӰ׷׶ܣȥ·Ȼֳ
ʧһǰ㼱ݶȥֵܸ죬ңңǰͷδʮסɫ΢䡣һʿģĻѵɢɱҪЩΪĹ顭
һæָһ㣬ɷ׻͵ػ㼯һŷ֮ǸʿԷӶõ䣬ʱХǱܹϮĻ⣬һ㵽ļɿ⡣
ǵĺϢƣ̼ûһӰ䲻ݻ֮ʣ̧ץԲ飬漴һķʯ֮䣬ٹȻ֣һ˽ߵǿС
ʿĻҪһܻȴ⧲֮ľ֮СԴ㵣ͻȻը̼仯һʮɸߵӰȻſ죬׺ݵسķʮ˲׷ϣһæҡ
òһһа飬þȫǰڣգ۱㵽Ǹߴʯ֮ǰвΣֻһһͷˤ˵ϡǱžϺѹһʯ˱ظתްԶ׳׳Ҷֵ̱ڵϴŴʮŶڣл쳣ȴ͸š
״һžʹԶ붯֮ءҪŲŲͷһƳͣųٹ꣬ѱɴʿһȺӰʯʮ֮⣬ȴһǻǰ˼ɡ
һ۹һԴ㵡˼תѧֵܵģ꣬Žٺңĸ̧
߲ʯһĪơʮ֮⣬һȦŨصĺֱ̺һĽƣָй׷еĺΪ˰ѣеĺɽӡ
Ƭ֮һ۹ܣɵüһʯڵƬ£ΪɫʯŨԪܣʹ˲ɵһδϲ⣬ƺһһѪ˿ǰδʲ´ʵЩܣ
һ漴תǰֵܱƣʵ࣬ʹ˳ӣΪԼѰİ֡ǻ鲻ҿʯȴǻȥΪ
һʱΣݣһȥҩ£Ը׳׳ҶܵĶɵϢֵĿΨǷȱ˼ֵֻø˼ңʹĻǲҿ벽
ʱȥһ˾񣬼׳׳Ҷ֮٣˵ͷԷ⣬׹ᣬ²鿴
ʤӰǾɸߡɿŶ֮Уݡޣֻǲ֪ĻǣԶܵһлδһҴææ̻ȻȻ
һ˼ʯǰȥֵܱ˴˻˸񣬲鲻ԸںС˽Ϊǿ֮Ҳη縺ĳأԴǡ
ʯ˵ʯţӦø⡣һѰһӰûŶǰֹȥ˰ʱûнȥЩ
ǸߴŶ֮УŮ٣зʿֿŵʮ⣬ǸʿģĹβ󻹸һȺ´¹Ӱ
겻ɢһüͷ˵еһûȴûԶûĹС䰵ҡͷţ£ܵؽΪ죬Իн֮δ֪
һû˳£̧һѷɽµһƬطӨʵϼѵɾ۷Ź⣬һҿһϡ󣬵мҽȴһɾû
Ҫȡ󷨵ɾѣֻһ仰
һ޼ƿʩһʮ֮⣬ʿĹӰʵֳһ۵ˡէһƮƮģҲȲ˵ȴ
˭ҪȡɾһתȴɫһʿһȺӰ;ԵʿǣһƬңǺơ
һ£˵˵˵ξȡɾ
ʿмغһ˵ɾΪ󷨽ֻڡ俴Ƽ᲻ɴݣʵʵб𡭡
һ۹һʵΪֻ֮
ʿ붼߾֮Ͷ̥תνֻء
һʣǻɴ˶ֽΡ
ʿ£˵ݴֻתԻһΣȴԹ
һ׷ʵΪȥ
ʿ˵ֻȴǰ
һʣǰΪ˭Ǻ
ʿĬȻƬ̣˵ֻԶһʱ벻ˡ
һٷʣǵлתͫ˸ͷѰ
ʿЩŭ˵㻹ûһ
һǰ˶ʮɣһڰ׾ʯĵطͣͷҲ̧˵ҽǰʻǡ
ʿߵˡɡǷޣһֻ̤ʮ֮ڣؽɼֻء㡭δ˵꣬Ѱ󷨵Ӷзɽȥֻáһϱʮڰײȵľʯ漴Ц𣺡Ǻǣˡ
һ̰ƵģʿЦһ˵ֻ֮£ħɾӦоУ㲻֮ϯһգһ٣ʵͬڣԻڹ֮Уʵ飬ұŹ㡭
һھȡʮɾħ֮󣬲ټǻ˵ط۷Ź⣬ҡͷ˵Ӱƣȡ֮е󷨣ֿȡþʯΪȫ˵ţٴæ
ʿʧʵһ
һת۵Ĺ򣬡顱£ʮ龧ʯ֣һ³ֱһĵشרΪƶ˴á
ʿӰʵζ£ŭ޳СƭңĪҪΪн㵨ΪֻϧŵĹӲȻһκβ㡭
һɫһݣ͵һȻҵˣꡭΪ֮֮ܡںɱ˾ӵ˺õ˻ȥĻűŽ֮óֻƬ̣ûй˼̫࡭
ʿǰһƽǵƣЦѱ飬㻹к̡
һһƲŹŹֵɫ˵ԡ


923 Ȼ
޴ʯţƲϢʯİ˵ʯţڵİңңΪˡɡݡ޵ɾһֻ֮·
һڳ֮Уʯڵĸ£ڻӶɽæµŷƣ˴ڵϿŻڽ֮һȺ顭
λʿģĹ飬֪һʱ;ֻ뿪ⰵյĵطһԸɶԷΪթֻžȡʯˡ˵޿֣Īǻй鲻ɣ
ڹ˵Ǳ޵һΪĲͬĸ֮֡ڹ˵ȴͬǣޡһĿ¡
ԭ˭ùרżǵķأ
ѿһǹޡ䲻֮׵Ĺ飬ٻǲɡʶΪ׵Ĺʿ߳ŭв˭Էӵķ
һڣʮӰֲݡЩΪǿĹ飬Ȼ̫ã޲Ƽؼաֻ̫飬п㽫׹ֻأҪܻǸ˻֪֮¡ΨһðյģΪ׵ʿȴʼڳɲǰʮɣͬ׳أвҪתһǲף±밡
һĥǻ˼ʯæžȡʯڸǳӣССջһڵ󷨲δſֽšɾħԲŹ
ͫ˸֮У׼νӵıһӶеķɽ顱һ죬ʱâҫۣɾǬ䡣˲ôһ£ʯ漴оʯѳһѣһһ龧Ө͸ͱǮһ˽סϲЦտ
뵱ĵȥ˼ҵ࣬вʱµջһɾͣرһطÿɣ߰ɣ編һء֪䣬ʯܶǿӿݣЩҲ̶á
߲ݵչһŹ˵üЪϢƬ̡վһʯǰŷճɣǷһĨƣЦ⡣ظѹδϣʵûʹţȡ˶ɾ򣬻Ǽʮ򡭡
ǰĲԶʯһһʯšƮŵģʤĻľӰе欶ˣе̬ӣеƣеį硭
ΣһĬȻ飬ˡɡ֮⣬ľлǣ
٣Ϊֻأŭŵ㣬
ˣֺγİϻ·߲ݡжݵľʣмįң
˼ǨһһЦɵһλףиأֻһгת桭ӣ˳ףȻͨͬԵá
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˴һأԳȴͻȻһ͵·ȥͬʱϵķɽûˣȴǶһʯ顣֮˲䣬Ӱӿգ۱
δڳȥԶûǺɱĶһæͣתɫ΢΢һŴĵطʯʮԶһֱǿŵǸʿڰͲס֮³͵Ϯˣȴһδ죬漴㱻ȺӵĹΧǼһſɼӰ֮󣬾ǴһԹŭȥ
һеʯ΢΢תĹɫһԼĹӰǧ֮ƺƴ׺ˣδн֣һٶ漴ظҴұԶһʯš
ֻʮ֮ڣֻص³һţҡͷա۹һתɵúǺһЦֻǹʿ˳ȥԶȴεòԿݣ
״һ̧׳ʯ顣Է־ŭӶ˫ȥ޳С
ʯշʮɸߣ˸һĺɫâĪƴкʱ㽫ǹʿһǰŲæ˵ƣ֮Ĳޣ˽ԣ
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һһЦ˵˴Ӳ˵ٻŻǲţƨ£ν֮ǲķŰˡüһת˵ǰˣҿƷΡ
Сǲĳʿŭգȴǽ˵ǰö飬˽𵤡ԪӤõգ˷ģȴǺʿƶɡҪƾȡĳ롭
ʿƵķһɫһĹ飬ԴĮؾйذǬ䡣ﲢδ⣬ӦǶԷгŴ档֮ǰʵʵʲŵԼӳԣĳ˼ɵ˵лɳá
ۿŹʿǵֻԶһǰ塣ŽԷһȻû˹һһ٣˫ַɿһԡķʱâʮڵΪ֮һ͡
ƭҡ
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һ֮һɴ߶ڵӤ֮ӳֹ顣ԷҪӣһ׷ȥ
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ʱһȻֻʮԶʿİһǴڽǵĺ֮Сɣһҧ׷˳ȥͬʱָһ㣬鷢̶ǰ
ֻʮ֮⣬ʮӰ۳һѡʿһͷУǱŵһðգν֮ΪһȴһײĺɫâŲ̼ķʹ޴ء˭Ҳû뵽һ׷Ϊʱ
գ֮䣬ʿֻʣһӰٿȻʧ⧲֮£һһӰ顣µĹҰȺһɢӴܣȴֱεĽסֽŶꡭ
Ƭ֮󣬹ããɣʮ׶ĹӰȴʧΨһŷСϻö飬ǴһĨЦ꣬תصֻ֮ǰ
һ׼ļһƵԼ޳ϣ˭뵽һｵһأʮΪĶ龡ȡһաֻǾʹ˷ֻأǡ
һ۹ܵЩӿ֮ϣһ졣̲ʯǵΪֹɣֻ󷨣Īɣ̧ͷȥʱԶԶڵȺֵƴԸ⣬ģӽ׷ĳǧ꣬Կɻ⡭ֿеĹ飬ЦȻ
ԪǧĹ˯Ĺ׳׳Ҷ໥һۣһԿһӦǡһȻ飬̧Զǵʯšֵܲҵ˹ȥ
ת֮䣬һʯŵĸǰŲһ٣ɫɡֻתɼǵǰΣˡ


924 ǰ
ʯʯĪ⣬һЩ̤С˲䣬ܾһ䡣ͬʱ߻Ӱ
ֻԵʣһϵȦûôһֱеͻȻЩ֪롣⣬ϻ۶Ǽһ͵ҩҩڣԻ˯ѣһлȻˣмֺĵУ
ĸʹȻһץ˵ϵĺӡ۶Ϊǿ׳ô
ų룬һ
ūԶĿһһԷһһվ׳׳Ҷߴ׳Ϊ׶ơ߿Ĺˣһ˫ŲȻ
һɣǬеĶδ״ʮǰȻӹܣתϿȥͫ΢΢һ
磬ڰȻбڵƬطеĿʮɵķԲٲһֱֱ£ΪһɫĹâšһ͵ʯֱɸߴûһ뵵֮Уѱ澿һ޵ӰѭʯƮȥ͸żֵء
Сģ
һˣ̧ͷĴɼǰ򣬾һԵæѡδ䣬ƱһѣȸǰŲŤͷһūͬŲ漴Ȼ˵һֻأ·ҵȼٵڴˣֽ֪Ρ
ֽΣǾ仰ã
һͻУʹ˽סŲһδ˳ǰȥṳ̄ʯݵ˲䣬ɻһƳֵʵʵ󣬻βһǵӰΨǵʯšɴ˶Ҫȴǰɴ˶ȥҪתֻأİ·б𡭡
ʰ׶ϣһ漴һ˫֣ѭŶ͵ʯϡǰˣԴĪһֻ̤֮·
Ƭ֮˵˰աǡ̤֮У»֮ʣããȻβֻһ˹ŵӰĬĬʵǡܼȻ
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֮ӣûʱĳȡ˫Ŀ΢أʶŽŲ˫ۣξһʱ԰Ρ
ūһ˫˼鶯ĶǰһƬޣʰ׿С
һԱ˫֣Ųˣ֪ԼǰԱɴ˲²˵ںʲôǰй򣬻翴۵Եķ羰ͬ˲ͬ಻ֺͬαԷƱأݽһ΢ɲǵķǣ٣䣬йֵ飬״ڣýȡᡣ顢ʧ䣬޹̹壬ηȻ硣֮ʣŷѾ֮ࡣ𣿹˰ɣ㿴񷣬Ѱͷɲ
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֪֮䣬âȥɢʯûӰʯ಻ˣΨһ޴ڼתšХšǿ֮Уʹ˽Ϊ֮һᡣ˶ʱѹ˫۵һ˲䣬Ϸȥ
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ӵּɣ΢΢ͷ
һ˫üһ⣬漴ָ˳̬Ͻ«ŹǰūζȻһЦǷ̧˵Ǻǣ񡭡
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ǡڴʱӳʵֻǰ֪ԷڿοԼ̾һɵ˵ϡǵãǰһλйݵԵ
ӾϲǺǣǰһλˣ¾ȹһ׺
£æʵǰ׺
ɫһͣЦ׺زΣˡΨֶԷɨˣַ˵Ҷ˽յԵ֣ǰйء
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ھһӵԵūѴӵϻҧ촽һЩŵʵʦ壬ūмӣػǷ򡭡ǰ֮ʣ
һʵֻ֮Уʲô
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һɫһĬȻΡǰŮɫڴÿɷǡ
ū۹һʵʵʦּʲôϵūһŮӡ
һ̧Զֻӿĳ᳤һʵ˵ϱֻǸԻ𣿡
ūæҡͷ˵ūţ
һתһЦ˵Ҳţкη
ǡڴʱһİͻȻڲԶ𡪡
Ǻǣ˵úãǰΪ벻кη


925 һִ
ͻһ˵ЦССĵһס
İǱ߶֪ͬڶ˰ʿʶԼĻֵͫǿɣ
ڳ˺ȻɫתҪܡ׳׳ҶֽΪ漴ڿգɻδر㡰顱һڵϡֵܴ۵СۣŵЩ֪롣
˽ԭأֻεҪһҲܹһȻȴ˲ָ˳̬ŽʯƾðһλǿЦ޾˵ǰҵðҪ
ԼūԴӾ֮˹æŵһǰ
Ǻǣֲֻ֣ϷȺ꣬ȳˣҪʸײźãųڣתߣδ
˵֮˰ٵͣ뷢Ұףò񳣬һϮӵĳۡأϥţ΢Цȫ޸˸е̬ƸƢº͵ͨߡֻˣһͷֱ͡ʱʶԼ֮ͫ£ǲԷĴڡһ˽Сʵ֮䣬ֺγǱ˴Ϊĸ֮أ
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һһᣬȥҵæʩһ뼸λ̨¶֮е˹򡣽֮ʱδֹ״ʡ۹ֵ̧ǰγƺ˵Ǻڡ
ӼūΪ˼֮˼ʶȤʩݼֵηǷǷӡСϵ˼ҵһ֮䣬һʱδ⣬˵ֹⷬҲǡ֡
ڰдã߶Լ˵ĹΪ⣬Ƕһ˼¡鳤룬Ц˵ͲΪߣȴΪһ֮ס㲻ʹӣһϼѵŮӣ̧־֮ƣ˫ͫ࡭仰һ٣ЦǺǣˣϷǵˡ
˶ҶԣΨū΢΢һ㷣ǫֳ̬Ρʹӣ磬ȴ̫ҡĻǺ⣿ǵ
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˵˹Դ𡣶͸Ĳɣʹ鲻ԽһһǱ̺죬ֿԶ
ССĵ֮ϣ߱ôţͶֵƣȴ黳صĲĪ⡣
һĴߣͷȴ΢΢һ֮УǻϰݣĻͷ
ߺƺܾû˵ֻԵʡ£˵̨ͨŹ⻹ĳϡˡ̧˫֣˴˷ֿһ̯ƣ΢΢Ĺâƾն˲䣬еһŹâٿһ㵽һŹâ֮УɷΪ档
ڳ˽Եɴ˫ۣ档ͨ˼δŰ
߳˳䣬â֮ҡҡͷ˵ٽ󷨴ֻͣΪһִˣֺοءûһ˵αͨӡ֤еĲ²⡣仰Уżֵį
һɫһʵǰһڴ˴ΪΡ
ų룬۹ڼ˵һɨԶЦϷÿ꣬Ҫ˶գ䡢ӿתơֻءһ£תһֵ˵ڵһˡ
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ǳ׼λǺɵˣڴ˴ֻΪ˵ȺһƲлĵȥûл˳ֵĹȴһð߸ˣҪסѯʼ䡣һۿ͸һĵϸδ̫Ĳɡֻһ޵Ե𡭡
ǺǣȵĳѰˣǾʹ˸ǰɡ
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ӻȻϲҪ㱻һšݱһʱ
顪һŹâ۵βѿһšֵܲк˽ȥū¸űУԭֻһִµӡ
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벻ҡӵ䣬ɫִ֡һ壬Լҵˡ鼱֮Уֽקţ
ӴߴٵȨ֮ƣҪ
һ߹ͷҲص˵Ϣڽӣ
ӿһ۽ߵۣɫã뷢һ󶶶Ȼһţ̾ˣһδ䣬ֻ߬æתֻԷ˫Ŀ΢죬Ҿ˵ǧأ仰ӡ
Ϊôû뵽ڴʱͻȻ֣Ӷʱҡ֪ΪΣǲ˫֡ʹʧȥĲǧص£С
һ۵Ĳǰūȴ۷ʦʦδ˵һϢʱ򡭡
Ӳȥɫֳο䣬Ȼӳ˫䡣Էʧز顱һ㱻ڿ𡣶ݽۣȻȥūౣء
һһ࣬ץūһֳۡɣһͷСڲŹرյһɲǣ۹λߵһɨ֮˲䣬һâȻһ⣬ֱʡ
΢΢һȥ֧꣬أԶ޵͸ĲʡסһһʺѪ
λԳȵߣһֱ֡鳤룬ζŷλ˵񣬲ҡͷЦ漴һӣ㽫벻ԶͬʱӰ


926 ǹ
ת۵ĹӰȥֱǿա
ѴӾѹ֪Լһ١æҪλߴл֮ԷӰޡŮȻ˰Σʧǰշ𣬻ǽסһƳתԶǿաįİɫӰʧ̺֮䡭
ʱླྀʯԶǷ棬תڻԳȵߣһ˿컺СֻشķңǺԵʣˮֿ·ȥŴǰһС
˵ĵӤɼͳӤħӤӦԶŵĴСɵ֮Ϊħ޺һǻԵ£˷֮Ǹǻδ֪֪һȻ澳ع鱾ԭһָ֮ѣ
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⣡һߣǼΪԹƣһ𣬷Ƴо춯صһաȻϸؽδܼҲΣĿԴ
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֮ڣڵʯ̨ϣѶ˺һɾǿշ֮Уңңһȥ·
һַʯ̨ǰɫءūվһԣ㷲Щᣬһسֵ̾ܳʵˣԹں˵ĿյϣŴӶ
Ƭ֮󣬲Ԥǿңһ͵ǰһתū˵죬ȴ첻ʿĶݷӲ׷ɱ
ūҿһգգֻһķԸ֢ءһɫãȻ
һ˫üб߳ŲұסͷѰѶϣжΪ
Ȼһ㣬ɫһ˿Σֳ£漴תǿշæҵȥη
һ˵ȥڵĻ򣡲۵ͼ󣬻ӿУſɡ
ӵ˵ͷ˵޷ٽʱҴ·ֻǡһ룬סȻˣЩͽ͵ػһ£̾ٻ·Ѱ
۶ǿ֮Ķ̶˲䣬ʧһƬ֮СԣԺƾٴηزѰֻûôˣ
һĲɵذοǧ꣬ڳĺĺ
ҡǵİΣӿһ
һתǿշ˵԰꣡λˣȣ
ŵʵ㡭Ů֮飬λ˵˼Ȼʱӵлָ˳̬һһҡҡͷͷ⣬һ֮ʲôŮ֮飿⻰ǰο֮ʰˣ˵˼˴ȡ
һûֶ̽Ů鳤һֱڶǼʱѰڻ硣Լ뻢ͷ֮䣬˴˽ܲԷĴڡѲ²⣬ǻͷȷˣһɵɵĺԵʻΪڵõ洫֮⡣
ֻͷνͷԶԸǿУǼһ֪ԼеϸԼİӹ˽٣Ժ󻹻鷳ϣ
ֵ֮ʣӻھνĹȥһڰ˵ҲŮ֮飬ôĦ˵˼ȴʲô֮ĸСȴú޹ȥ
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ǡڴʱƲˣ۾΢΢һʹе˽ɫһ䡣ӻȻʶ£׷ˣǺá
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Ų֪ūһüͷãоâһʵ֣Ӧö֮仰æͷӦǶã֡ϵǡ
һȻ˵˱ãūи㡭һҪϺ
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һū˵ʦͽԵڣԻһգ԰գٶ˵Ը׳׳ҶȦֵӦ漴ԭʧȥӰβ˲š顱Ĵ򿪣ͷҲһ˳ȥ
ֵǺο࡭
ӱԹǴر˲šūȻʧ񣬻밲ο䣬ԷȴһЦͣʦͽעԵ֣ūţһնᵽ
δֺͣЪɳȻ
һĿտ֮УһȻһȻԶš޾Уǹ˸
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Ƭ̣ǰԶƾâ̶ðӰλֱǻĽʥĶɽŨİߡĶľԼļߡ⼸˴ӵŵһλ׳òһµˣǻͷǺˣѲǸͷȫȻûյĴç뺩̬Ʊ뺷ɲ⣬һ˫Ƶŵɱ˲
Ǽһ¶Ϻλĸв죡еĽʥ׹һһת˵ǳǰһӱһȭ˹ȥδ裬ǿеΪߡ
ͷɫһԲ
ʥŽֻгɣ漴һ׳ݺݽһǿҵȻѰ㣡δ䣬ȫһ֮жһɫ磬ȻһͷӰźХ֮Ʋɵǰ
ͷ֮һĬĬ꽫һͷֻнΪĻߣ˭뵽нأԷΪ߳ľ磬ɼһξѪе޴󡣶ִһ׷ɱΪԼϵıΪԹһУҲǹȻûرܣΨ̹Ȼԣ
ͷ۹ж֪δʥʵɶ񡭡
˴һɲǣɱȲ֮£һüɷһħӡȻ֡
˲䣬޸ײڻӰ䡪һ죬ǿȻըкж쭡
һҺһ͵ص˳ȥֹ֮סȥƣȴſһѪ
ʺѪδ䣬ǵ㸡ڿУɷǹޣ
ʩչǿɱУȻ쾳˵һ֮Сһ϶³ںͦšǹѪ䶢Żͷ͸ԵĿɬį
ڽʥ˵һûɱһСѽ˴ʧ档֪СЩ£ݴЦһһҪʹɱ֣˳
ʥһȴòաвޣλѭȥֻͷǰһɢŲƣ̧ͷǰʵڣΪγٳٲɱҡ


927 
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𣬾Ȼˣʵڳλһ˲䣬졣ϵһ䡣˷ƽ⣬ȴΪ֣
ʥɱɫһ˿ҡļλŭѣжһӵϽǸ˺ˡֻǻͷδв֪ԷкξҾ䣬ɴ
һԼλδҡҡͷֳɣ̧һǰһ㡣ڶԷ˽ɫһ˲䣬ָңңһץһ΢ɲѪ⣬ӻͷüٿȻɳ漴顱һʧ
ͷɫһתȻ
ڳλǴ㵲ѣнʥеͿ⡣ΪҪƣûѣҪ׸
һֱͦ¡ƿĿڣƮɢŵĵѪɫȥ䵭ɫƣ۹ȴ͸Եį°ĵȻ
꣬һس˵ͷֵܣҶɱĵûнգһǻڵĽơ
ֵܣ뵱Ըʵͷǽֵܰͷɫ΢
λҲûʥȴͣ߳ߣ뻢Լ壬У˭ֵܡ
һüһתʵв֪кζԹλ˿ɷͽ̡
ߣǵ󵹸꣬ʥȻ
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ţȺ֪¼ʿҶɣ˵һ룬Ծܵƣʥ׹
һλģĴһ»ͷ飬ʱǰһЦ˵˼˵һҼ塭
һ˵ͷ˵ԭǡͽ̣
㡭֮Ǽ֮ˣܼǷŭϻǴЦݣֻ۹һĨ⡣
һΪȻءšһδʧ
һʱĶƽϣ˵ݴ֮ʣػģгȸңΪǰɵ۲Ƿǣɰ塣һŭ֮²սȴ޲
λ˼סһԻΪ׵壬ǲǷǵİסôЩһ·ŵĵε֮УйǷǷǣ˸ӰĴ֪ˮʯ֮ǰһй壬ѽŷ
ͷʼҡڲܵĴ֮УжƫΪǡǴ֮бȴǹ屩Ű֮οһת
һã˵½ʿеõĴСϲ֮ˣ֪ĶԹʵδ塢δ֮ǰ򲻿ָ𡭡ԷһɫƣеĻͷҲЩɻ̩Ȼؽ˵ƣһǬ˿й֮ڴ֮ʣɵ۲սֱ󡭡
ͷɻڳʵ㡭˵ЩӺδ
һʵͷж꣬һδȴ֪ɷǵ޳ɽջþȡںɾ֮У̫޳ɽĴͻʹþбɵ֡⣬νǧʥ֮һɣˣԼǹصȡ֮ûգǣѴѰֶߡ
ͷ˼ǵ˵ͷʱΪҼɷȴһͨβһ֪
һ˵ѪУӦöԹһвİݵ伮أ׻޵Ķͷûнǡ֮ˣ̷ġԪ롮쵤£ųֳࡣ¹ңǵҩΪ޻֮áʱڣΪҪ޴
˴һסһ¡ƵԶѭּ˿ҲŪףٴʱܲ⣬żζ
ͷ̧׳ֱۣͷм֮УǸǡ࣬ݵҩ͡²ˣֻԼҪΪУָΡ
ڳɫ΢㵣ЩԡëӦʲôģأ
ʥͷûʱƣмذһˣСʧ۹ⷺź⣬߳СӣݵýƱ磡ɽʻǷֱйϡ仰λ׷׵ͷ͡м̳ıû䣬ҽԷס˵
һͷû˹˼ɣȴһ̾ɬȻ˵ͷҲΪѣʶһʹԵɫһ䣬Ѫէּüɷƣʱף˫һɫǳһаȻתЦʥԺǵļһգĳ룡һս
Ѳţ񡣻˵ļƣ˵ƣδüλͬ飬ڲмж˼Īʥȴ类˲ȵβһ㣬ʱŭɶ˻ɱ¼ʿڴɲǣһɵ߳ͻȻ𣺡
δ˵ѵʥ¶תҪȴɫһϡֻͷɢźƣкˡλɫԼ俴Ψм˺ϵЦɡ
ͷһ߳ǹ˵һȻûʲŵϡаһƬ̣ϴһͷú룬ѰȴζԹ٣ɽ԰գ俴಻ˣתԶ
ʦڶô׵գѶ֮ˣִ֮򣿽ʥҪ磬ȴɽױľԴŲ¼ɵͶһƳԷȥֻмкǺǣٶβӳ顭˵ţһЦһʧԭء
ɶġЦ滢ʥ˿ڣתϣơԷڡ
Ȩһʥ㬿һԲʵطݵڡδ䣬Ѽ·׷ȥ
һȻɣŽʥıӰߣӵ㡭
һȵǿ֮УֻʣһһˡζȻתȴһ˿ϲɫףƻȥ˲䣬һ赲ľƣϮ˲ܡһգ͵ſһѪ
Ƭ֮һ˫ֳۣһĨɫʹʹֱͦˣ쾳ǿнֵ³ǰδ´ܳŵʱʵװȻǷ֮ɾͰ׷ˣͷ㻹ϵϴɡ
֮£һ۷ڣ΢΢һɼǿ֮ƮһֻӶ£żַŵֵܣӳһðһߴӰʵ׳¡
һԸӣͽѰطЪϢһ
׳ͷɫãȻͽжѰŰʵʵԶء
һ̧һָɷµǿǣɰ
׳һ뵱ȻӦһһα㻯ǵģһĺϣصȥ֮ɲǣһ¶ĺӰǿնȥ


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˴Ħʯ̵һ˲䣬Ϻĵʹ˲Ϊ֮ѪӿѡնһǰԼ߳Ƶ纷޲ú˱ҫȻԶһıӰȴԶȥˡֻʣһȺȺǿյһ磬ϣ½ţú׳־û硣
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ǵãϴޣڻһꡣǶ԰׻һд⣬Լܻգϴ󲻽Լ˽򣬻еɵҶǵԼֵܡ
⣬ģļ֮УƶǸȵ˲İǧʥλΪͨľˡһλɣˣһλаһλ
Ǻǣͷֽ̡
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ͷԶ±ϵʯ̣˵õĴУ浱һɡȻΪȲλָΡ
ΪȻЦЦǰеʱ࣬ܽĴоΪأʮٿؽѰְ
ͷ֡šӦҼ̱չء
æһչأʮϰ֪꣬ҵָδǸһأһתСЦǣȥֻط֮ա
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Ըɣֲͷ˵һҪ֪޼ңѰ򡭡
ͷ⣬ʵɣ޼ΪҺǵã޼
мЦϻӣ˴ǰԳӣȴͬһˣǺǣ֮٣ʵЦҵѽϲΪΪ
ͷźͿͷ˵֪
ͷӦеǺǣţˡЦɣת塣ھ֮һصĶǰʥԼ

޼ɽˮ羰һɽµʯֵԣŰ˼ҡûǶ˼ְȻ
Сϵİ֮⣬һռɽɽ֮£иǵׯԺ޼ׯ޼ׯ޼ңֹ֮
ݴ޼Ҽӣˡ޼ҵĵӣǸơ
ʶСС޼Ѱȴһеڡ޼ӵܳĵطǰʦѧߵľɢ֮еסգΪɵ˻Ϊ׵ɢޡһ̡ƹͬС
޼ĽֿڣϵɽңңʯֵľͷһڸʮɵĹŨ£ľݷªʧྻǰڷżľƣ̺㣬͸żѵõľżӰ䣬֪Ϊ˴˼䵭ĻҪ㻳
һССľⲻĿ˲޸ߣĬĬ˾ƣһɾٶ࿴ƹģȥƹǸػòŮӣüԶɽ֬ˮɷסȻһЦܽذ뿪͸Ī£֮һϮɫĳȹˣ㷢Ĵӷ磬Ŀ
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һĻ𣺡СˮӣˣĺרŴӷ乺ͼϡΪ󣬺ûüɾǽǰЦˣ
ʿǺһЦ̧۴һ۽ǰŮӡԷ㷢īˮ粨νòɡ䲻Сұ˳ˣɼŮӵĵȻ
΢΢һǿһʿЦʡ۹ӼªľԼλƵʿһɨҡҡͷЩϧ˵˻Ϊȴίڴơ޼ҽߣβڣķɵ
ٽļλʿŮƹ񣬸ɫڴλӳͬŵʦãԳϦദ˭ܰˮѺȵҲˣһС̳ӾҪһɾ̫ˣ
ĺ۹תɫȻż΢΢״Ϊ޼Һˣȴҵգװɽţſ˼Ҿ׬ȡʯգһðɣС
ʿȻ漴ͷһŮòɣֻΪǷȱԲԼΪ֮İ˴ʵ硭
˼ʿе˵Ȼˣ㲻׼ΣΪŵӲѣ䣬еʿһŮƹ̧ͷȻʵǰĸˡ򣬾Զ˼ߣ޲ɵеĸˣ
еľƺ˰ȻһЦֱǫ˲ҵƾԼҵı£ûҸ
Ůƹľ۲ѣæǷǷӣ˵ԭǰʧˣڳļλ޼ʿҵʾ⡣쵹Ǹ֮ˣվкŴѵЦݣӸµؽʵĺƣɷΪ׼ҵʿѽ
ǽһҵĸˣпɼĴڡλ׼ҵԪӤʿ˵νһ졣ڳ޼ӵЩʵؿŮƹȴֲԶԡˣԺٹľҲûطˡ
ĺƲδǰ㾪ϲЩɫǸȻ˵޼䲻յӣȴÿ꿪һɽţԱ־ɵɢ޳Ϊŵӣĺڴ˵Ⱥ꣬Ϊһ̣
ŵôԣλ޼ҵʿʱͻһ׷׿ڡ
ƹ˵Ĳ޼Ҵɽ֮գвꡭ
Ϊ޼ҺˣǴԼΪãԺʦֵԻӦ
ĺƹѵ֮Ʒ˰̳

ĺƵԵǳЦӯӯǼλδʦֵл
ûȤüͷ˵ͷһʱ죬ȴ뼸Сƽϣ
ĺƼȻƵƹȻԹɫƽ⡣תһ̧ƾóһ̳ϣ˵ĺԵǰȴǸǰЯ֮ƲҪʯһ⣬Цɣ
о仰Ʋģɫ桱ɰ˶֪ʶȤͷһɨաȻһЦһɾԳĿ˵ЩɾҳݣһҪȥ޼һˣϾС࣡
ĺƳϵɾǰȻıӰȻһЦ


929 ƽ
ÿʱ֣δϹǼҾŮƹ񣬱ѳΧɵԺ֮СһɨͥؿŪݣʰ׵һ˵԰Ȼ£֧Զ
һæµƹı̤ϼݣűջһСɵϱĿ
һλòɵĻʿֵַССľ𣬼ȻϢ֮ǰŮʮꡣ֮ոһȥ˵ڵȴһ׮Եĵ
Ǹ뿪֮󣬻ǰ޼һˡ׼ݿνԺղȻܵһ޼ҵļδֻǷԸϤĿˡ
Գ£ʷľڼչؾһʱա޼ͱ㣬ΪɽĺɽѰһ֮ءǺûʵŲˣȴδչɽˮżȥ޼λŮƹ˵Ц䣬ٴ󷽵ض¼ɾӹжڡ޼ҽλ׼⣬޲һЦ֮
Ϊһɵһ޲ѰȴжȹԵ죬ˡ

һƶ壡䲻ͺͺĴݲûڻûбɽ˵ԭƯǿеһʯͷһգޱߵ֮УȴǶƣӰһŻɫ۵ˣƤëĴç󺺡
·ˣһ˵Ľеһ仰һǳǳʯ֮УĿɬǿաСʱżֵķ·ȴ˴˵ľȴԶ
뵱ÿҹɫٵʱǸСһСʿ˶ţʯϴǳΡ˭룬ġȥǸһȻ޾ǿ֮·Ǵɷ羰
ʯӵĲԶ׳׳ҶֵǿҴ£ֱƣߣǿȻңѰδȥһ֪ɴʶͬˮ뺣ת˲ûӰóͼҲ治ǧǳıĿòôһʯͷͬˮ֮˼һݣݴ
һţ̧˫֡ûԪɾмȴ䡣Ӷ䣬ٿȥۼʧڵԶת죬εذ¡˵ŵĵطȴ벻塣Ʈǿ֮кβͬƺ˴룬ȻֵܣӴ˽١
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֪УȻԶǷǷǣһʵʼϲһиҺ£
Уֻ֮УԸԳūӣȴֶʦͽ֮ʵԸӰȻɣŮǰһǽԼǸˡǾһֻػþĳˣĳˣϱ˭Լкθɡ
ʱغƷת˸ҵչȻ˳ʱҫۣȥȽ١ֵܲʤţһԴ֮Ҳöһ¡
һӵڶԶڵƬطɷǿȴɡתƳһ۲Զֵܣ˼֮֮Ѱƽϡ
Ƭ֮һͳһ̺ľʯϵʯ֮С˲ֵ֮Ȼԭ˲ֻʣһˡзۣ˫ǰ漴㻯һӰɳ۶ȥ
һյĹһȻڵΡƮǿеĴʯͷа֮ޡȻһʱ治ȥ·ٲçײ¡Ȩҽ˴һ֮ءֻҪϲȱɾϸǧкηأΪħӤҲ
һѰ˿طʮɣһңȴڵʯͷӲ쳣ö£Իص棬һʯӵ˾֮ء
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˽ΣʯڵԪŨ쳣ҺйԼæɵϢһҡҡͷһزѹħӤΪʵȲѶΪ֮ĸ࣬ĪԣʹԼûϾȥͰ纣ǸȣԲһ˰ɣϣ֮ҿ˼ûд⣬ԼģһżǾһƳɼ嫵֮УжٲΪ֪أ
򣬻ǿ仰ǲĵҪ߳ʧ;ȥΪ˵֮ħӤԼ£ͬи
һ˶˫ֽӡĿ붨

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Ӻһ˵Ѱ֮󣬵Ϥ׻λû޼ҵݱ˭ϻδе⣬㱻˳
ӵĳüʶ£ġ
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鳤룬Ƭ̣۹һͣδҡҡͷ˵Ϣŭϵˡ
һʵѵΪ֮δ˵꣬Ϊ׹ŵ˵˽ȵǣֻΪ˻޼ҵĺ¡
˵಻Ȼڵķ紫ã㰵Ѱң޷Ҫ£ͼбѡ˵ˣȴδó֮£ٽ޼֮˵롣һУʵ
ŻȻ̾磬˵Ϊֳȴ಻۹ԷΪȻرƤĪӡĸв˵˵ӾϣҪҰ
λֳΪԼ޼ʶ˶ȴǾһʱһءӻ˫ۣɫ˵Զʱڣ¾Ȼֺյû侰أ֮£ڽΪӹߣɵʹ˶աΪˣʥŮвȴĻ˼ɶʷһεǰµףܲ˼氡
ʥ˽һͳԶʢȻǺáӸһ䡣
ӵ۹һ˿ڽ˵ԶʢǱ˻ȥˣΪ˸ĳʱȴ˾ǿ󡭡ĴԼԶıϢϢأֹһʥŮĴڶ򵥡
ȻˣҵΪλҪѰ򡭡Щ⡣
ĵط˵˿޼ңõһʯ֮ƣҵֺγˣԺ߬ڴ֮ڲ֮ء
ⷬǶӵĻ룬޴йȴһʵ»᲻׼ΪȻҵԵȥѲҪд̽޼ҵĶ
˼˵ӵǸĻ֮ˣ޸ϵԲɵ֮׼ҵδ˵꣬ɫмתζ˵ƽҿ˭Ҷɧ


930 ߵ
ȥ˶ãꡢʮ꣬ʮꣿһǲˣ
ʱΪ磬Ϊҹҹʮʱһաÿʱҫ۵չһͷϴҴһءģҲǲµת
Դ¼꣬ȴиĲͬʿñչҲ£ȴ˹˶£ǧĸп֮£еԽ𵤡ԪӤԪǿ֮϶ԼꣻΪߣָһ㴺ﾡյͨһӣɵͬʱ˴˻ͨϢҲ֪µ¹⾰
˵֣һ޹ءԪȻбûָı¡Ǻļ֡ǿ֮УֵһУǹߵӡ
ʯм˺һ㣬һ붨ôõɵϢļЧԲΪȴΪϲǲشŽǰλԼ
ħӤĸͷ뱾޼˵ǾһġһֻɷƣаѡϣԹһĨЦ⡣
һ֮ʱħӤͻȻһһɫķ϶һţӰʱ١Ƭ̣һɫ϶Ӱֱ˱
һδһ΢ɲĺɫâħӤԪ뱾϶ΪһɲǣƶȻǣԲΪʱĳСɣ֫ٺʹֻΪɾһ̵ĻԻ͡
ƣΣʣ飬黯ֱΪ¯ɾ컯Ԫ񲻻֮ܣΪ壡һ˺ΪΪԪ壬Ԫıֱ߲˴ˡǡһӤأյԳˣһƾǿԪɵ֮Сɡ˵ͬڣٿͬС
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֮ʣһ̧ͷ֪УüϷһ߰糤ĺɫӡǣ״ҶԹ죡Ůӵüһɨµĺۼ΢ڡ
һ΢㵣æָ˼£δʡĬ漴ִüǰһ㡣ŵ˲һΪէһһģһϸƵʱŻᷢͬ
Ϊʱ֮ǰԲֻüĵǵӡڣȴࡣһɷ׻̴棬ͬǼһ롣⣬Ӥԭ͵Ȼ֮У˼˵ƣħ޵ģ
ħӤ뿪֮󣬳һϽ«ü֮ϲһҶӡۣһħ޾ʣ
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뵽˴һ̧ۿԶӤԷһѾʯм֮ϣƻͬأ˵İšǳ׼Ϊͬﵽ˺ڵС֮
һ̣ӤһƲȻһЦ漴һâ˲뱾ڡ
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ħӤΪֻкڵСɡ뱾ڣȻʹΪǿһ㣡⵹һ֮ϲ
һ̧ŶͷϵĹӡǣԲȻѡʱգӤ壬Ƿڴ˴һĪĺۼ˴˼һɵһ׮Ρ
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ħӤ˺ΪһοֻԼӤгɣ;Ӧòѣ
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һͻȻ˰ʮй龫ֵǧɺЦҡҡͷٹȥʮ꣬в֪λΡ޳Ԫǽٺྡɣǽڴطһգ
ʱѶ̤Ϲ;ء
һóһ̳һ֮ͷ˼ƽϣŶ˾̳վ̧һüģħӤ
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һԹħӤַֿӿڵĽһ˳ȥڶ޾ǿĻΪ֮ѣأɢʶ˲֮⡣䳤һԵáӤһ壬ʶӦÿɴǧ֮ң
ǿ֮УԼڵʯͷδк쳣һͣƬ̣漴ⲽǰ϶һöˡؾҲƣһ죬һأϴڤ֮Ψһѡ


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Сʱ򣬽ǵأ̧ͷ졣أпýŲȥ߸ߵȴңɼ侳ŷȥ֪ǰխСޱߡ޼嫶Ī⣬һԽ
һʯӵĲԶǿգϴһĨɫһ㵭Ĺܣﻹöؾвʵ̾һǷķȴͽκΣ
Ĺ򣬾ĥؾˣأÿÿԵʱȴûĶӳԪҲʩչͽ޹
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һ룬Ը㵢ȥˡؾ򣬷ǰ¼ȡϽ«ŽԼѵþ⡣ﴨ۱շиˣƾе裬֮򵥵޲һӦòѣϥеǰȴֵͷ
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֮һתӡָⵯһƻ档ڵǿ֮Уһʯͷϣиƨɵڲѡ

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Ǿ֮Ѱ˫ۡδɫɣȴֵ˵˵ȱ֮ˡ
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Сɡħһޣ˫ͫﲻĲݣֵ
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ʤͷʧش󣬾ᱻ˵ЦƬ̣಻סʵ˵һͬˣֻ˭
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ʤ˵ͷζ˵ݣƶϣ˲죬ֱã֮νӵУӹԹٵضڣΪļ˷ʥߡһˣɿη
һ٣ʤʵΣΣתŶɬȻһЦֵĪˣҵȲб̸ֻܽɾʹ£ǿڣһǰļ򵥡ţɽ
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һеľƣźư죬۹ʤһ˵ǳƽٹ󣬵ҴֹҶˣҲᣬС
ʤ΢㵣æʵ뿪ֻ֮صʮ䣬ȥ˺δ


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Ƭ֮ʧһͷЩ㯣ЩĪڴ۹ܣտɣ£ҡҡͷƮˣֹȥ˶ꡭ
ǵãڷһ֮󣬻ǽ۸޲ˡӵǲѣľ֮ΪˣһЩͷ˵ģСǸûĺӣ䲻ʧ˼ܣȴں֦ĩҶһˡԿ۲£¾廨Ĺ򣡰ﴨ֯һŮӵ²ˣԵʣ
ʿں֮ɾԪ񣬱ƾ跨⻯˻ϲ壬޷ͼȻ
һٳ¶壬ȴҲħӤƷʯӵĲԶĥ̨ƣֱΪ׻ȸ
ʱһ֮һơεõʶ鿴ʱ˸䲻ԾΪһ㣬̲סѽ
֮ǿĪ֮£һʶ֮ࡣ£ŽǶλɬѶĿھ˷У˰Ĺ򣬵õڵĿھ
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ħӤħǷ֮֮಻ħӡѽӡ˰˾ųɣʱӡһɷ׻֮Ӧÿ̫˾ĸ֣ΪӤġ֮֮ƾǿԺҡ
μ׾մȥΪᱻ˦ԶһԻԵǳԼֺαԷƱأҴաҴա
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ת֮䣬ǿ˺죬漴ðӰһϲغż˴ʩļ󣬲һ㱻ȻСӡһ׳ЦʮѰ޹һȫѹ򣡹Сӣ̳
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һ̤յһɲǣޱ޼ʵĺҹ֮УŴµķȫԸǰۡϢ֮䣬ǿʶʵһȴзֺĳɣ͵̧ץȥһ϶֣һͷ˳ȥ
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ǿ֮УһΪΧ˵䡣˴ǰɣ˵Ǵֿɼմӡ
ԹԽ̳ıȫʬһǰʥԸɣЦңңԵǼԳƱ𣬽סԸ̣ת͵һ㹲ļڻͷһ
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鳤Цţżֺõ飬ǺǣһС԰䣬ùʥأ
ʥһתֿЦĵͷð˳ȴǫ˵ͷڣԡԡ
ѽһ˵µ⣬ֶֻʳ̬֮ȴβסѿ
һεļһһڡݾ򲻹ӲһֻˣǺã鼱֮УƴӦ֮ɷƣڵƴﵽ۷壬ʶһϤĿھת
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һǰ۹ԶһӶǿջӣǱ治巽򡣼λŭѣ°һ̧Žʥ˵㲻ǻëԷſ˫Ҫ˹һ㶡ǻë
ΪվΪǽޱߵū۵󰡣裬˿̣̣
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ʥɴ˫ۣﲻѡղδ˺ѣŤĹâȻʧʶ֮УСӲˣæʵءһֻкΪСȻλǰȥܹ
ЦݽϣȻδʶĶݷСʩչɷ
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Ȼֻ˲ſʩչġؾΪԼһʿǰ벽أѵ˵һ˿£Եʣ
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һ֪ԼӳԶ֪һʱ׷һʱ֮סˡӵվֵ̧üġħӤͬһȻһģһġһĬȻеڸȡһЩʯ֮תµȥȴ̧ͷһۣ漴շ
ӤֿʵȲѣǰȥΣڣһֻжһ֡Լ⣬ħӤԴԼȥǰ;ްԷֿ˶Ŀ£˴˼п໥ӦԷݣ
һȥķǰȥǽٽ˶壬ơ


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ڴ˴꣬޹֮⣬ʱĶ±һ﷢ټ׷ϵ½԰ȻɷѰ
ͣתһҹɫ֮Сյ峿ֳһСϡʱ֣ӣеһƶһ漴ڿն𣬱һɽĵطȥ

бɽϼ죬޼򽥽عϹµľǰλƿסϼ䴦м
ĺƹͣ˵Ǹʿ縺룬ֱڶˣҲòá飬һԵӲʾѵذڰʾĺӣֵء
ڵΪȴ뻯ΪŮƹֵã˴൱
ĺƣǾƹŮǳЦӯӯֹ˵лάλǰĻݹˣСŮ͡˵󷽶ֲʧᣬֻ۹ȴδڶԷϣתһ߽Ӱ
άѭż˵۹⿴ȥһʮͷԶŲĻζСϽ«ҡšòͨͨǸͽװ硣
ĺȴ۹ǳЦ΢߽˫ü絶ǳֹݡĳŶϼͣƾ˼ɡֻӲʵԼϵһĨЦУȴ͸żֳֽţѣмֵ벻
˵Ľͣ٣ǼҪţ漴΢Цʾ⣬תȥάһͬΪΪİˣֺݺݶһŮƹɫ뿪
ǰߡ
ɷ
ͣתǰˡСŵŮƹ񣬺ʵڻҡԷǸƹģȴǸڵʿҲ˵޼Σһ޼򶼲С
СŮĺƣˣ
ĺǷǷӣЦֵǰװӦ֮ˣιʹ룿СŮӵľΡ
ŶأӿŮһִۣһ¼ŵľͷӦãһΪɫƹҪʹЪӪ
ĺƲ˵һкǰ룡
ƵҲ޷Ѱһ޼ҵβ¶΢΢һЦ̧˾Сţ֪Ůϵ㣬ԺлķҷǽΪ֮һͽһǰ۹ƻʱ֣ʣӰҡҷһ̳ӾƵǰ
ȥһ飻ɵįԶǧ
ĺƷ˾̳ӣ롣粨Ц뻳ӰȻʫ黭Īڴˣ˽סС
üһ۹ǰϡµıյֻѰһԷ׵Ĵƾ̳ŮƹĲòܵĵž±νշбȴŨī޲ж˼ֵķɰӰǡôȻ
˾ƺ
ûңѰľȻͬӳأź棬ȴԲԵһ䡣˵Żץ̳Ӱ׹һڡˮˬ޼СϣԼķҾƣδ룬£ζɵįԶǧþơ
δδԵֻ̾ľƿͣⲻھƶѡŮƹ۲ȻЦǰϲͺã˾Ϊĺƣ
ĺƣ񲻾ƹķ΢΢һһòɵŮӣԼԷվᲢۣǺֻԼҵļʶǳױǣΪţ֮һЦž˾̳ӡɫԶĽֵӰϡ䡭
֪ǰγƺΪβ˾ͬԵʡδ䣬ĺ˵Ķ档ͬһ˵ͬͷһء
ϵмҿջȴײеᡱһӷ˿վ̳ӡƣһڶѡƹ˵գв֪ǮΡ䱾Ѱƹľ޼ҵֽ̼䣬ʱȴֻȥأһò˵Ůƹ̽ʲôɣδЩͻˣ
ĺƶԿ˵ĲδԹȻ˵׼꣬ǵ÷˾ƺƣ˵İ·ģĲңֻɽɽĺڡұֺγˡһ̾˵Դ̤ɵ鲻١ΪΪɽΪĺơ
Ůƹ˵ǣ˵ĻŶԷ׼ľжӣ֮ҾɽĺƵ֮ѣɵع֮գԲִϰ֮Զ
죬ÿɷӡ
ĺɫһתվżǸȻ˵˲ϲⷲҾƵĴªѵȴľˬ򵥡ǰ֮ˣСŮиж˵䡣ðҪ黳
ƹĻǶ֮ˣѵãæ֣˵ɫв㣡ƹҪǡ໥ǫãһЦһ־ףתʯƷʯ
ĺƴһЦһ顣ңƽ˵ǰķˣΪʦѧնǺߣѰջסµȺ򣬾޼ҿͽ֮ʮꡭ˴۹̧£ֵǰ޼ӵܾۼ֮أϲĺƾƣΪ޽С
񣬿棡ƣˣ绨Ƕﻨ
ĺƵȼ仰ӵͷ롣ɶ࿴˶Էһۣһʯվ˭ŮӽĻһ¡
һ̳ƣһɾ
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ͷ㵣źۼʯȴǵɴ˫ۣ°仰ȥ̫ˣԼϻ̳أɴתȡɾˡ
ĺƹǳЦӯӯ˵֮ˣǧ𻻾ƣǰΪȻ񣿡ԷΣֺ˵ǰͷ㣬Ҽ£Ժղǡϵ޼ҿջɾסֻջʯ
ָ˵ЩʲôأôһŮƹֻóϷһɾԷ˫ֽӹлʼͷ˫߳˾ŵǰ˸˵ǰߡһ٣Ŵͣ
ûлͷȴǳһ漴ͷͦŷǰȥ
ĺƹŶǽȥԶıӰ
С򳤲һֵˬˬûĶΪʿһ粻סˣҲ彡ģҹɫʱ֣Ҹóӫʯǡǳɢ䣬һжЩء
ӱͷһԺӣջ˵ɾȴҪٿʯһ¡⣬ס뱨Լ⣡򣬽ϳ޼
Կջƹѯʣ˺һˣǰвգǴݵ˵һѰʦõˡ


935 ң
һŷɽֻƣΪľ˴ջ
ջϣٽֵǼûԺӣֻһƽ̹ĲݵأмԼǶʮͷ⣬ƹˣΪʿΪˣһٵķ򸾡
ջķǮˣȴƼصķ󡣿ΣǸͨͨĵط뷲׵ĿջûΨһͬǣԪ֮ΪŨ
Ԫ˵µɹŴ˵С˱ʺƣȴҲ¼ʱȶġϰã̰ǻĸԴ֮˵ˣ˵ز˻¿ܲ
ͷӦȫݻʤؾһȾֵ峿ʱ֣˴Ӿ̧˴齣˼漴쿪˫ƴ̴ֻ֡Ŀɫ뻳΢΢紵ˬлŵҰ㣡üչƳһ漴̳һ˲䣬ֵͷ֮ɫ˼
վڴǰĻˣסջһħӤֿûʲô۱ﵽİĵطϤڵΣִҴҶ²
գȥϵδʥӰһסˡҪҪΪҪغԼѰūȵȣҪæ¶أԴȥɲǷӣ뿪ɽѰСϣԼȻ
ǾǾ޼Դ֮أԼϣǡ޼µһƣǻԵɣֻҪ;һطȻˣûײײһ̽ϤΣʶһ޼Ҹ˵ķɣԽƶ׷ɱѰ񷵻غ;вԣʱȥ٣
Ȩһ֮вкβ֮һ;޵ͼֱ޼ڵɽѰ޼ǡɫżŮƹ񡭡
һڴǰž̳ӹһڣ԰ⲻѡ
һŻΪŮӣò˲˵Ҵ˽շ硣ȻһҾһ־ƣٱǰǾ仰޼ӵܾۼ֮أϲĺƾƣΪ޽С
Լ˴Ψִ޼Ҹ˵ĽɣûΪ˿ǳѰŮӲƼˮ̸꣬䣬㱻һԵԼ˼ڴ֮⣡νнﻨлΪƹԭ˵ƽ⡭
˵İ·ģĲңֻɽɽĺڣãã;У˭˲ɽ˭˲ĺƣȥһ飻ɵįԶǧ
֪ڲ֮Уһ̳еľ˸ɾ񣬴Ӱҡҷƽ̶΢
Ƭ֮һŴӻ֮£ҡͷʫ黭˳ԣԼľ
һ˿վ̳ӣֳȥܵĽʩʩȻ߳˷šվ漴̧ͷ˫ۡůŨԪԡ̩ħӤڵǿǳڴʱвӰ˴֮Զȴǣߡλƾǿµݱ
Ǻǣɳ簡ڴкЦ⡣
һ׿£Цͷ˫˹ȥ
һ£һٵƵϡ뷢Ұף֣ʵЦ͸⡣һԻλµĸˣŰʣ߲ͷͬǰݵģ
ջĻɶŮɶִȴһصصķˡҲѿòׯֻճˣ
ջ֮УƹƣԼסĿˣŲ׵Ϊпڸ֮ʶɶǻǴ˴еķˣȴΪСҪЩ׵̻֮ʳӲŻæµһȻɹͷл
һ߽̬ͣɶֱЦ˲еɳΪ۸ڶδ뿪Σַ˵ûɷľɵˣԹæ߻
һ΢㵣漴µشˡ
ɶ˳ֳһӣ˵ɳŮ̧һƳ΢΢һЦִԹæšһλɳԶûϵĲͷÿ
һתܣӰһſͷнΣӦסſˡٽֵļ䷿ڣֻһΪĻڱĿڳеİٶ໧˼ңͬδ𣬼ֵҲ壬޼͸Ȼһ㡭
ǺǣϵסΪ޼Լ˵ĺ󱲣ϲ֮ȪɽӡɶΪˣȴʶ㣬ѿһͷһ˴˳ڷ˵䡣
һأ׶ʶȴѭŽֵϿȥǹµľ֮УһĨɫӰǰפ㱱æһһԵɶ׻⣬žһƵİĵʵҲˣ
ɶϣӳһЦΣһֲɫü΢񣬱ǻҰ׵ĺ붼ŹЦ¡ɸ򣬸˼ϲɫ
ǾԼҵ˴ʲ⣬һԵͷҲ̧˵ҵϽΪʿֻб㶪Ҷڴ˽ա
ɶĻܲΪȻŤͷʵֺ˱ûңŮӲöϸ޽ĥ£˼ϥͷ鲼ϡ
ɶٲȻһ˵ļƣںغǺһЦתһֵʵԿȴûϹڡ
޵ɣĳЩ˵ֻϹڡ˵ϡ
һµĵӵͰɶ˵ҪЩؿλ˵ĻʵԼãԷӣǷɽطʵɳǵõˣ֮ܡв֪Ѱң񣿡
ɽٶ䣬һղսսıңһתǰҡҡͷ
ɶԤϰһ֣ʵɳɵ۷壬ɵң񣿡
ɵ۷ڣһɽһɽߣ޼ҼΪҲ˵ңڰɣһһƲԶԡձһ˵һأɼĴûʲô
žһɶεķ֣۾ЩŪ˵ӹǷң
һ£ĬĬ˵ͷ˷棬ϥ飬жգһңڰ
ɶַź룬ƲסЦпˣȴûең򸴺ӡӡ
һ˰㣬Ҳʧһ磡һɶϰԻһвǣɵ˵ڲԶ߳ǵߣһ鷲ӣң֪η
һתȥһͷǰվһλ׳ӡŨü룬˫䣬ֱϴϵ顣һλڵĸ֣
һվɿһԡͻǳɶȻһ㣬ӳ߻ϵЦɡǳ׼װƣ
׳ûȤҲ׿ջ˲õתһ߳СΪʿ뷲̸۵Ǻû
һ˴к˫̧һ룬ط˭˵ܵ𡭡


936 Դ
ˮۣˣѵ𣿡

ɵҹУаֵΪȻ񡭡

ΪСΨΨŵŵҪǰЯġ

ФȨͬסһҿջԵΪʦ뷲׻켣һԸʶء

޼Ҵɽ֮Ϊʱ磬Ϸձ߶һóûʶ޼ӵܣͼԺӦ
˵㡭ԳϷЩװɣ
кβףһССͣΪӣûСľǲɽҲϷ
СĽֵϣ˽СǰͷģǸԳФȨӵĺӡ󼸲һ
ˣһСŵФȨӱôһλμһ㲻һͨѵ⣬̶ԳԾӣŲݷ˵ŶԷԻΪЯС֮٣
һФȨӣȴͲԷֱ׳ҲڿջִɶӴ˸к漴Ƥһô˽֡һ²һ£ҷһ˵£ϻԸţΪݺ磿
ֵϵ˲̵࣬ۡФȨ٩٩̸ʱһﵽһ
һר۹СӣƹλΪߣϥһľϣöĿ˼λȻδǽڵһ࣬һŶ౦ӣһ΢Ĺâʶ鿴аڷŵĹԼ۵ļǮߣֻ붪ɾȡ߹򼴿ɣķӺǼ㡣
һ˫֣ڶ౦ǰšаڷŵ٣ʵ任֮šҡҡͷȥƹڴʱ˫ۣأ߬еö򣬻˵СĹΪǧռ෨֮ɣȻѵķۣ֪
λƹĵ˼ҲҪ¸˵ɣһһӵߣʵвԪʹĹԷӦЦ˵ͷҪתȥ˭ФȨӭͷѰ˽Ϊ߳ͬУƲҶȥڴ˴޶˵ƹģвԪӳֵķš
һдʵФȨӣƲƲǺǲںӡɣδСŰɣⲻҪһѵ⣡һλȤˣҵҲ֣
ǡڴʱ˵ûУ
һæתƹ˵ɷԪļӳ֣
ФȨԼȴԽǰһΪǵؽѵɷΣûԪļӳ֣ʩչ
Ī˵޼򣬱޼ҵǰҲɹԼԨѧʶƹĺһأԶЩĲ˵伮ƣҵȾΪϡС¸вͬɵʼԪ̱Զŵ˳֮ΪСɡŻ֮벻Ԫ֮ԪСɡ˺ϵľ磬ΪʼСɡ
ͬΪ磬ΪҪɲͬԪλƹĸһ˵е졢Ԫʼ־磬ߵбȴ˴ศɡ֮֮ɳΪٵصһʥȵȡ
ФȨӼƹ˵ͷͷǵԼʶǳʱʵ࣬ڳһͽ̵ģһǰ˼
쾳ڣ˵ڽ̫ʼֳ֮ơƾˣʩչԶɷ޼ҵļд˴ͨȲûжŰɡƹиϲãŪһ²ͨѧʶ۷ˡֻζ򣬹ؽ˵ƪԴ㲻Ԫ
һƪɷФȨӾ֮ʣƱƽһ˿һǸһСð˳ҪԷѹ˵ƹģǡԴǷۣ˼һľߵ֮
ƹһУЩؿһԷɫϿңʵⲢɷֻһƪģҪãο޶һãѵԶŵ伮֪й֮˴͸ż֮ɫҶĶ˸봧е
ȻɷֺιҫйеķţԼĵ伮洦ɼԴˣФȨӴʧ
һЦЦ˵˲ѧǳȴϲ档֪ƹܷ
ߣԶž֮ƹĳ£۹һ˿֮ɫ鲻Ը˵λѼȻĳ⣬ұ㽫ӡһݣֻɾ٣
ФȨӾһ߳ƹģĪҪġõľģҪɾٿ飬̫ˣתһԸСҶòôɾĪҪ룬߰ɡ
ƹɫÿȴûзŭûƪģ˵߼޷öԷ֪Ѷ˰ˡһĴľϣ˸ŷ˵ǬǬ£ɾ
ФȨһŵ´һЩʹļ׵ؽѵСܼҰҺôһ֮δйĳ£Ϊһõ򣬰װɾʹѵãҪּۻ۲ǡ
ƹʰϵǬԶһ±˶ߡû뵽ϵԼġԴǲԳɣȴФȨӵĻŭˣ漴óһöհ񣬴ӡ֮˳Ӹһת˵Ϊǰ˵Ȼ⣿Īǲ޼޼ۣȫƾ˫Ըͳɾһء
ФȨһɣȴͷһ顣ɲԼҵһĶֵأ޼ǲ𰡣ӰһһȻ뿪ƹִ׷˳ȥ̾СȰ
޼Ľֵʹйһûöٹߵ˾ͷһǽٽĹɵФȨ˵ͣϲùϵһЩ߾ȥҪôɾΪҪƹأ޼鲻̣㶮
ФȨʼԳԾӣ˵żʮ㡣һǲʤţȴʵüƽϡ
ǰĲԶ͸֦°߰ߵĹӰ֮УһȦϵĻ졣ǰǡһĨƮӭǰ
һ£תȥФȨȴǸź裬˵Ȼ˴˴Ե߿ϷҪʶһϺ¶ѵһЦݣ̧˵ĺƹΪˡ
лǰĹգ롭
ĻФȨӶʱӾ񣬴ߴٵһС޼ӵܳĵطûύλ֣޼Ҵкôĥʲô
֡һǰŲ룬֮Ҫתĺƿܣ
ŵôԣФȨЩ⣬ŵͷĬһ˵ĺƹСʶ
֮УʿǰһȻԵ۹ȴŮƹӰֹɫˣˮҲ˼ζĻٴ𡪡
ֹʶ֪
ФȨһСƹľȻͨ˾кβɸ˵ĹͬʱеҲѭһ۹жʢ
һת΢΢üͷȣﲨ촽Ц˵ҾߣΪ֪ǰ˵Ҳǡ
ФȨӻȻһæӦĺƹԼǣСϷ򳢳˼ƣԶľ֮УʿԻһЦһյǳãǾžһ
һȴվŲ˵ˮ̫ˣܲ𣡶лλʢ飬ǡ
ФȨ¶顣ⲻװ𣿷ŻһɾʱƵǰȴηηǵô棡
ǰľǮһ麱ɻʮɾأ˵ĺƻǷ̳ơ
óһʮһ̧ۿȥֻЦӯӯ˵һ룬δ̧дʾλǰ䲽תȣ磻ǲĻһƳǡƴˮֱ
ڴʱӰФȨʧԭ޼ҵλѣɵæҴӭȥͷкһǸ࣬Ϸһ̳Ρ


937 
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µľ֮Уλȴһϵɵ֣ͷõóɾƵģҲʵһһ̳վƺȳҺζ޲ѣڼΪƹ֪⻹Ҫһųɣ
ФȨһ̳Ҫɾľƣ²شܵڵǰ޼ҵʿŽ
һһӣڷһ̳ơʱȴƵ£ֻĬĬ̵صͥԺ˫ü΢΢ɫ˼ܵĶʱ
άѣ˵ƾҵΪ޼ܷ֮ʦߵõǰǵФȨ˵ž̳ΪԷһ룬Ǵ󷽵кҶˡϣѣ
άǸӣ縺룬ֱڶˣȲڵΪӦ޼ӵЩݡƣ߲ܣǺЦ޼ңֻܳΪŵӡǷǰЯ˵ĻԵ
һԵǸòѰˣһĨ룬ڵΪФȨ˻˵ֳĪҪƭˣŵӵ޼ӵܵĻԵֺİʦ֮˵
άһΪȻЦǺǣԵˣҺƭ
ФȨӹ˲ԼƣæΪˣΪȵ˵Լǣʦţڸˣֻ޼ңĪĻԵһǰųļӣʱȴΪһ֮ˡ
λѣ޼ҿͽ֮գʮֺ꣬αؼһʱƣֶ̣˵ҲʵڣƺȥĵȰ˵һ䡣
ФȨüΪԼһƣƨɵˣɫط˵ҳٴ˵أǡλһʣ̡޼ֻһգܷϾ޼ӵദɴ˿ɼ⵹ǸԲҲʧӪľ֮ˣ
ӵĲԶĺƹסľݷգΨһĴϰڷһ߹ޣɳһǵİ׻ΪĿ
Ʋݣ껨ÿţơһɫӰһԣԹ˵ƶ벻꣬벻ơΨãŻŵÿ𡭡
ĻǶټĵ㣬ȴһ¡һջ۹⣬Ƕǵصͷץһԡϵľ̳𣬽š顢顱ơ΢΢һֻ˿٣漴ӯӯЦ
ưнڣƢΣפɫټͨѪʵǸöǰĹգСŮӾһ롭
ĺ̸Цȴǰһһһ䣬ǿִ㣬ʧΪһŮƹİ磡
һ룬ЦЦ˵㡭Էס븹УʱԪΪΣﻹʲôǿ֮ЧŵĻǷ˵֮ʿ޹ء
ĺǰڡ۹һһɨתɵ°ͣǽоһ֮䲻źۼķ¾룬ڴƲʤһ㣬вڶЦ˵ǰԷȻйϡȥԵ
һüͷض˾롣
ĺƻһתֵԣԼƣԷ䡭
ƹ˵ĻˣͻֱָģȴǡôرܿɣǷƱö׽
һԾŲŮ˵˼֪ĺƹŮţǼһЩźãоȫûյĺʹ죡
ڷʮ꣬ʶʤǧꡭ˴һ٣ĺ۹һֵеĵط꾰öǸգڵĹ˽߱˽Ʋ֮Ϊʥͣƣ˹ˣҾҲѡ
һòɵŮӣڷʮֻ꣬Ϊһ̳վƣһ̧ͷԷɫζƤһգФȨӵˣЦƹ˵ĺƾƣ޽һңѲɴ˾Խ򡭡
⻰ʵĺ⣬ںġĺ˵ǰ˵ЦˣҵΪȥôԶĵطǽٽ߶ˡ
һÿɷŶһеľ롣ĺƻҪƣܣԷ۹һûɵͷһֻŮӴżֺ濴ʵǰڽ˾ƣиж
̫ԶˡһӦһ䣬ɫɡŮ۹ӣδת𴦣ֵ˴Ӳ˵ٻƹȥôԶĵطҲȥˡ
ĺƹ׵ʹһЦһоڲУ绯
һҡҡͷŷԼĻٳԶʧ˳ϲҲ
ǡڴʱԶФȨóһڳһĺƲһɲִҴ漴˫˫ת׿ȥ
Ӧ޼ЩϵдΪƾ޼ҵǰܷһΪͽ
ФȨóǿƴСƣһйŹΣһСޡ֮֡Сϣɫڴؿ޼ҵֵܡ
һФȨóƣɫ΢΢һԼϣҲһĶ
άϵƴһ£ΪȻЦݴ޼ڸƣҪ֦ɢҶ׳鹰ˡȻдȵͽһգɾǰȥѰеĹ¿ݣֱӳΪ޼ҵŵӡҪʦǺǣǾ仰Եˣ
ФȨڨڨһЦͷЩʧ䡣ΪƾƿԵõһȴ޼Ҹδ
ԵˣҲ죡ҪΪ޼ҵŵӣѣ
в֪ǰȥ޼ҪѰһλ¡
ФȨϵƣֽһ䡣
άǺЦЦûᡣһԸſЦ£˵ӹŵӵ޼ҵһλǰƺΪ޺ӣ
ФȨӲδ˵пֺõ˵޼֮󣬻λѶӦһ룬ȱл⣡סһ̳ӾûѿտҲɫΣȴһԸһСþƹ
޶˱˵˻ƣһŭ֮⡣վ̳˹ȥͬʱͳһһФȨǰϣŴ͵Ц˵λѰһ£ƿ޼ң
άΪһФȨӴƳһϵƣͷ˵ǣÿʮܼ꣬˳ѰΪ桭
һץƣֵлת˾Ȼôȥ޼ҵŵƽϣ֮ǰ뵽ջк
³ͻȻФȨЩֲСҲ޼ҵƣˣ˭ΪԼҵ渶ʡ
λѣʧˣͬΪ޼ӵܣĪҪҽյĽ飡
ФȨλ𣬲ͷ˵ĺƹľһСϡ
ĺƹңѽԶͷҲûء


938 Ů˹
յ峿һ뿪˿ջ
ɶվڻǰ͵УôһֱôġˮǶİ㲻Ϊ˵գ
ɶʵΣһ͵˽ֵԡЦݣʲôû˵ֻǹֵͷֻȥȥˡһˣһɳ˴˼˵Щʲôأ
һûнˣҲû˵ʱƹĶԴ˼ֲ֣һºԻὫͷá
ФȨӸŻ·ϣһ˺棬׷ʶԷ죬ˡǺ޺֮²ҪЯСһˡ
س֣ʯĽֵһȾֻеţȻеӰл˹ǰһӵĹأδշСߣϵľǰһءΪʲôû֪
µСԺУһˡľϣżƬҶݵգŻ˩һһԵĴ̨ϣ׻شأǣơ
һھǰפƬ̣ɫ͸һ˿ȻԺֱϵɽȥ

׼ҡ
һ侲֮У˵λŵ޼ҵĳ۵ˣ޼ҵļӡüòƲһµ۵ߣ鵭Ȼ硣һԵģǳɫ۵ĳüߣɫҴЦݣ̬ǫмӡ
λǽСΪӣ˵һʵֵüƽһ
һЦһԵӣֵб䣬¹ش󡭡ԷȴĬɫ˼
ü߱ԽĺĸӡûץסһǲģԪӺϼ֮һ·Ѱ˽׼ҡǷǷӣĵ˵Ծʵһ½ʿȴһ츳ⲻټԴзǷ֮롭
Ƿ֮롭ӺЦһ˵˵غɵ۵ΪУ֮˭д˷Ƿ֮룿
⻰Ҳ٣ҪΪ֮һ˸ûһЦٳڽһ˴һ˰ֵǵǰλ׼ҵļӣǽһָ˵ܼһﻹ䡣
ˣ¡ֱһӣɵطԸйһһв⴫ϷԻĹͣ
ͷһпࡣ֪ˣ㲻Ԫӷͷ¡Ūɳ׾ɾ鷳ˣţæһʵʵ˳ȥ
֮УֻʣλߡƬ̣˵Ҳ챦䣬Ǹ½СʿǲѰԷҡҡͷ˵¹ɵ۵ĹУ⡭
ĨһѺ룬ЦǺǣֻ֪һ֪ò˵Ļȴ͸Ī
ߡŶһ˵׷ӣͽ̣
ɵ۵ĴоСɣһص˷һ䣬ֵǸʵҲǸһĶ򣡡£˵һ½ˣħޣЯߣ˲ԪӤ飬նɱǿУҽ򡭡
ԳΪ׷ӵ߻˵һӦ֮ˡ
ӵ˵ͷ˵ǲܵд֮
׷Ӻ뵽ʲô˵ϻص֮Уһʿ˺һޣȴ׻壬ֱ׷ɱ֪ա
оһʵ֪
׷εЦЦصȺݷ˵㽫Ҹϳ򣡲һתżֵֽ絽һ򣬱ؽʵ䷴
˼˵֮Уδ֮٣Ҳ񣡶һȻ˽⣬ҵȻһ
Դˣ׷ΪȻȴЩΪѵ˵޼ҪѰһˣ°
ӳ˵޷ֻ붢żΪ׵򼴿ɣ
׷Ȼ״ʵȥ޼ңǷ⣿
ӺִЦСӿӵŮҪϼһͷˡ

Զ޼ׯԺһƫƧɽһͰԺǽǰһضšȺ˼ʱȴǲµӰʮ⣬ǸߴΡɽԶԶı㱻һţ˿ߡһ±ڣмεĶǰİǽһªդԼεķ󣬸;
˵ǽɽȣɵִɽĺɽǶ޼ӵܵľ֮أŵӵ֮
һ̧ͷ˿ɫǻƻʱ֡εƲƲ죬ԭأͷȴǰԸ̲ѡⲻ𣿶ˣܲ˦ˣҵȵ˵
һ磬һѰ޼ׯг֪͵ĵǰкǿֱ֮Լ⣬㱻֪ǰɽѵ˴ʱµأ
ҵȲˣһԳ˫֣ôԭĿ񡣲Զһ⻬ʯȥӦúʡûҶǸ˼ֻҲ±ϵĶ֮Уһʶޡ
ߣС㶮ùأ
һԼ߳ͻһ͵˫ۡƻѾĺɫĳһӰɽϻƮ䡣ҵæ˺һ˵ǹ¼٣ˡ˵ţ̧Ĵһ¸ˣͷİ׷һ˫ۣɫ
ͷĿ͵
һĥ˵ԼΪһǳ⣬ֻôͷӦ²ңֻµݣպʧ񡭡
ɫǸö
˭˭ˣҴȵԽ֮١ʼնϵĶﲻ¶ͷֱʱݷ˵ʹ죬дһƲƲǣȴɫɡ
ת֮䣬Ů˫أʢ˵˵޺ӣ޼Ź£ƣš׳һƣ۹ɫ
޺ӣ֮У޼ֵʱһĿЦǺ⣿һ룬Ҫȥһǿɽ޴Ӧԡɫ΢䣬ķѸӿ˫ۣ͵ץɵǰơ
顪һ֣ǿӿϮһֻ˫۷飬ʹ½סȥǽ˳ǳӣ֮ʯмɽƾˡŭ֮ʣŮ۹һĨԹ֮ɫɵͷһ漴ľһʱ㵹˳ȥֱʮšͨһˤڵϣΪǱ
Ǻǣһɷ֮°Ȼǡڴʱ޺ͻȻЦ۰׷ģͬȣһ˫г˷죬ֻģ
һӵҧ˿ڡŮ˹£˵ùˣϸѰ
޺ӷйһͨа֮Цݣӽ޼ҵŵӣɽ֮Умǡ
һƨɣǰԷ˵ɽ¡޼ɿԼС޼ءûгԸԿ벽ΥߣȥΪ߶
޼һأ̶Ѩɣһδף޺һӣԶǽդѳһ϶΢΢һԷͷ߳ȥʮ֮󷽿г롭
ʮĹһգ۵ĹȨ׷ɱˡһԳɣȴŮһҪæڰʾӷԸ̧ǰȥδդǰһȻϮߵΪȡһЦһĶ
ޣ裿𡭡
һ͵ǰǵդӹĶ֮֡䣬ؾȻһ䡣Ҵֹס˽ŲȻĹˡǡڴʱ˿ػһСҡ


939 ߵ
һ֮Ȼб
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һȻͷʱդΪһȹرյţɽȵİǽǸ°׷ŮӾӰһкƻþ
ûʶС޼ҺɽĶ磬ԳأСֵģҡ
ٴδһŰ˵ͷ磬ԳأԼǬħеؾЩ£޼ң治򵥣ֻλôˡ
ʮһᲱ£ФȨӱһס֫ɱһصšԴأǱԴųļںǳš
һڵɵ֣ģ
һֻԲ죬Լµʲôǲ΢΢˫̧ͷԶʶ谭Ŀ֮µǿԽܿɽǰ˸䣬зң޼ӵܵӰû
ǺǣˣԵλܵ˴ǧأ
һߵФȨӵĽǰɫֺ档
յȺ֮ʱԹ˼䣬ðλǰ³ʹ˵һ룬ФȨӺͣ˳ĳ˻ŵĽżϿȥһֻЦʱŭˣ߳޼ңһĳ񣬻
һ˵ҿɲҵλǰ羰һˣǺһЦŷﳤȥ
ФȨŭͣƻͷҪĳ˺ÿʵҲ֪˭Լ˭ùֻǼСȻ˲ޣ

һѰɽеһ¥صӳкؾصسʾ֮󣬱㱻һλڵߴɽһǰԷ˵ŵҪȸʮĲ²νĲ£ΪԶһϿе޼ɿ䵱
ҲУ޼ɿڶ֮УΣݣ⣬Ҳֲһʿ֡

һڵĶλһɵɽ֮ϣٷ磬ԶһĿȻֻɴСΪªΨǰһƽ̹·ʯΪݵ׺˼ֵȻȤ
ʱ˿̣λѰԼ
һڶǰʩʩȻϥһߴܵΣһĪ¡
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ٶ㹻ʣδ֪·Ȼδ֪ͻ֮£ãȻȮΨгʹʱŲò񱼣׷𣬱Ǳ𣬺ڻ˿ڵʱ򡭡
򣬾̫ԶˣƾΪҪΪףԶоѭݡ̣Ѳ֪ʧʲôط
˼֮ʣһ̧üġһһӡ΢΢ֳΣɴ˿޼ҵĶ֮УΪǲ伣Լз鷳˵ˣ޼Ҽĸˣ
ħӤ壬ӡ΢࣬ԸҪǳ
һ£ó޼ŵӵƣԼӶ꣬¡֮Уһ䣬ⶴͼԼŹ뿴صְ
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޼ɿ޺ӹ˵֮һֱΪʮԶɽ£ԼǰʮС˵еɽ£޼ǰ۵ڣСʲôã޴֪
޼ҵŹ棬ʦص֮Ľɿְ𣬵ɣֻⶴҲҪԶȥɡ
֮⣬֮Уûҹ֣֮ھΪɫڣ
һֲ¼ƣĿЪϢ֮֮
ôһʮգδһվŷضδȴӰɵ˽ǰϵ˵СӽҹϽɿصأи
顪һ΢죬˱赲ˤɽȥΪǱסȻŭ߳ţԵ裿
һüͷǽ󷨴һڡʮ⣬ǸòõļһФȨ˭ܳʹŰգѰ˴ˣˡ
ߣ³϶мӣֱղַңʦǲҵΪҰеĲ¡㻹˴ɽһ˵֮䣬ФȨһĽԣ´ָʹļƣٲȻǵԼҵĵͷ
Ժʮ꣬壬Ӿûˣ
һһƲâ̧ȥе˫ְܵĽФȨӼηܣƱ˹ȥĵؽѵΪβԸ˴ªʰһס
νĶɴСһѰɽѡ˵֮䣬һǰһ˽
һתɫ˵ФȨӣ¹̲вźã
ФȨӽһ٣һɣֱ߳䣿һʦŶԡˣǾⶴ̫ƣ˳ȥƽϡڴʱԷһ˦ĵâһ㣬ʱѽڣǰ֮͵һ䡣
ףôĵӣڶ֮Уݺʦ㲻¾ˣ⻹ǸΨΨŵŵС
ŭ֮£ФȨӱȴããȻ֪ȥ
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˴˼䲢֮ɱҪãԺʮ갲ȶգֲɴ˾ݣ
һɣվŲȴһӰ΢΢һαϵŹâС
ʱФȨɫ䣡Ǳ󷨽ˣ˲ö룬æӱۻȥܺ޶Ī˵޼ҵĶ˽ɣǰһͬΪƮڣҪ˺ȥǳ룡һСǿ󷨡
ФȨԻ̻֮ʣԶӿðСӰԷƮƮɫݣƾκһĸ֣üĵҶۣʱʺյ裬ƾ˼ֵĪ⣡
״ФȨӻȻ򣡹ֲԼǰûľԭȻΪ֪н֮ģתӡ
ФȨھʧ֮£ԩˣһûΪħӤַ¡ıѷһޣǼħηѰĺʿʱֳԪ֮壬˵ţ
ФȨӣĪԼùߵģ̲򣬸ʱ


940 Ī
ãã֮УФȨӲһĸ룬ֻǰɶݡҪһοһźΪɵأ˲䣬ȥѴǧ֮⣬ܵȻʡ
󷨹죬ӳȥˣ
ФȨӴæֹסȥƣת³һ⡣ѰֵӰһѱŵεķ֮ɲǣΪͣͣҲã
֮УФȨӾǺͨ
ٿȻȥһð˳˵˽֮רŶԸ֮ˣ䣬ѱƵФȨӵĽǰѸһķԷԲֻ֮ʣȻ
ڴһ˲һ̧ץФȨӵüķɳһ߹â˳ƵһξѪ֮Ľ̶ֱ顱һĻڡæһУֳһԭʧȥӰ
֮УһվŲԪع鱾ŵŹâٿֻеһŻԪ顣
ͬʱФȨƾյ˳˼²ſվˣԻ̻̲ԻعǲȻɫʧΪʩչ˻֮֮ʣΪֻŶԷ¶֡ǳ׼ǷǼΪĻ֮ӴԺɼ
ʶȤһްȻ֪Ӧе³һ˵һ䣬Թ˺ش֮ǰƴСһ⣬ӯӯˮұˡ
ФȨӻͷĶڣδҶͷȴǰûڲѡǾ仰˵ߵģһѰС˭뵽Ȼ˵մأȨ£ϼЩЦݣ˵ǡҵı֮Ϊˮӡ
һе⽥ȥһʧӰ١лͫ˸Լɼһ˿ФȨӵڡΪ֮⻹ͷһؼʶɺʵ
ФȨӼԷδɱԻ˿˵Ϸ򡭡ųڣɫһϣæӣֵƣУˮľʱԳұʢƾΪɷ״ˮɫ࣬ұˣˮӡ
֮ޣȴʤĪ⣡һ˼صͷ㷲ФȨ˵ԻĽƣΪ֮ȥɡڴ˵֮ʶӡǣһһաԷ棬ǲˣ
ФȨصͷ˳ȥյĽٴδ򿪣ҳɣæԶǷ֮أתɵɽµһ֮Уű˰س̾һ˴γ˶˶أһһأ죡֪ˣοա
һԾĬΣδԶк״ФȨɽµĶԹһ֣ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷµĵӿݣԡýס˶֮һ
ΪƣнâԲԺɾȣѴ߶꣬ȴæûйãʱ˵صó
һڵϣȻ룬ſһâܶʱǬ֮С֮ڶһʶԷݣתǬóһϸӶꡣ
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һ̯ƣָϼһ㾫ѪУ漴Թ޵ķżԼ꣬顱һǵξѪɶ漴ŭȵС
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˼ŭûһСҼϷʮ£ɶҲ
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ڹȡĻ֮УʿΪסһγԼ飬ԱӡȲܽʮΪǿĻװ׷ˣֲΪãһʱ޼ƿʩ
˰Ȼ߳Ϊ˴˰ģƾһСҲ䡭
򽻵ףһ˵ʹǧ꣬ұȣܺùȥ
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һ˫üһɫ˵ģţΪżȣʱ򣬿ɲǧūۣĪν֮ԤҲ
˲мһ˵ôĿϷҵһա
һһüŪ˺һӣֺǺЦ˽ܣΪۣǰ֮ǣ尡
ѵ֪ôСԵͻһ漴ƴʲô£̾һ
쳾ţɵⶣأͷֿտҲźޣ㯣һ̳ǾƼ񷣬ֻ°硭һп͸ĪĲɣֵǰس޺Ϊһִκ̣Թ
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һ֮£۹һ˵⵹ûУڹżǰ˼˵ǰ廳һλ⡭Ĺˡ
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϶Īʧķˣ㵱ɵۡδ룬ʧЦħһ壬ȴΪһ֮ͽֻشľʯŹ»޵֮ͽ𡭡
һƤ΢Ȼ˵ͷǾɵۣһֱֻĪԵɿνһѾ뵱ȰԼҪȴԺȣūǰͫʦ׷棻ˡǧ
ڼĪĻþ֮УԼǸˣ˴˵òΪ£нͷõĺô࣬ز
һƽʵʵϴһȲϣǺǡȰ˵ǰҼɴⲢū֮⣬ֻΪԱѣóȻųʮλ֣Ѱ࣬Ųأ
ڿǸؾ֮ˣȴΪִһĲֱ߳ɵ۱ˣڸԸΪūΪͣ롭
˻Ǹֻۣɵһ˵ĻһֻôſЦеĹ飬óһöˡԴ


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УһԻˮԻԻľԻԻ
ߣ˳֮ڣľ𣬻𣬽ˮ
У巽ʱࡢλɫ֮˵򣬽ľˮȻ֮ˣӶ
紺֮ïչνľҲ֮𣬳ҶʢյҲգˮأֻΪ괺ĵڸ棬ֻأдسƽ⡭
УֳľԻֱԻϡ뼼𣡢ԻӸˮԻ¡ɡࡢ֮
ɽ֮УһĿﻹöԴڤ벻ѡ
ʿ֮Ʃ׷нжݷȵȣɴܱ˳֮һޣײз׷Դߣȴ޼⡶Դڵľʶ򷨹֮Ҫ壬Ӷ⿪෨֮Դ
ǵλþеڹ͹֮أֱԭԶ֮ڣֱıԭףиأֻһִг֮硭ԭΪԴ֮⣡Դ֮ศ֮
㷨ţܻԴǿԴ
һ˫ۣһǡؾԵʣԼɷ缢ƿʡƹļʶԨĳе򣬲ź波һأû뵽񵽱ˣٿɾǹȴֲ빦ᲢۡΪ㣬ƪΪ档ܴл棬Сɡ
ƹԲ͸ԴӦָԵʣԼ˵Ҫþģ̫ѣУоѭĺþ֮УλߵĻʵǳ
һ̯ŵ֣Ƭ֮Ԫ뵶漴״İɫ̶΢ƾն𣬽ѩƮʧգۼعԪڡҡҡͷ˫֡б仯ҪٵصĴͨһ֮
⣬λƹǿͨԶɷȴҪ̫ʼ֮ļӳַʩչ쾳ĸˣԼʩչİ벽ؾĪһ˿νɡ
һ֫ٺһ˿ѱؾĴʱȻӰԺɾ΢һ꣬һûˣʶеƶǣ
ûȻʩչؾβʧã
һΣüͷ㾲ڤ룬֪ѹȥһ¡ˡԴתóһö֮ԼӳΪйâ״䰵˿޼ҵĶ磬ȫĽգпư֮ޣʵþѡ
ͬʱ޼ջһͷڵĵש£΢ĹâһƬ֮󣬻ɶƿ˵ķͷ£λɳڲ飬ǳΪ޼ҵĵӡ˵ţȥԵһԵǰ¡ŮͷҲ̧һæеĲ飬һ˵ƣƱ
ôЩȻȻһԷ˷ҳɳֻһλ
ɶ˫΢΢¡Ц˵飬ƶ۶̳Ȼţָпһ¿࣬һңƣ˹ˣҾ
ŮеĲ£һƬ״ŹֵơЦЦͷƶ佥ûˡ䴹׽æ˵ƶƼ򵥣ȴ׽ȥһ£ľҲһ£Ѳֻɺϡ
ɶر˫ۣЩͷش֪㳣ֺ֣αء
紵Ӱζ

ǿ֮УһǳĵһģһһԶеħӤȻ˫ۣſһɫĹţӯӯתǷ֮⣬ӤһâʵǺ
ħӤһĨаЦ˵ǬɾͻԪ飬Ҳ޼Ҷ֮УΣݣħħǷؾͨҳ֮Ϊħ硭
ħ𡭡Ӥ˫ü΢߳ʵҪȡ𲻳ɡ
Ҳ޴⡭ħӤһƲʵƣֵΣһЦ˵ĺڣڵԲΨԷΪֵԺ𣬳ƺѣƽϣ
Ӥ֮УΨħӤΪͨǿ󣬴ʱа֮ɫΪЩĵ˵¶в㣬ҽΣ仰䣬ԭٿȻʧӤΪȻغһ֮ȥΡԭֻȭͷСĺɫţܵĳΪһ塣
˲䣬Ӥħ֮Сһ޴Ĺȵأ﷽Բ֮ڴݲļ쳣һصס⡢סʶʵҹɫ֮£ĪʹеԨĻ㱣
ǡڴʱħӤڰ֮ð˳ˮ磬ǺЦдһҵӡһδ䣬˫ּӶʮʮһˡʮӡɳһѾ޸Ȼ
Ӥ˫ְȻһİȻͻƣᣬֻб
ʮӡ֮ħӤǲգâķĲϼӳڰյľ޸֮ϡʮİʮвٵӡʶȻһңƵľ޸â֣漴ʧȥ˼ԦȻӤ
ɲǣҹ֮һâӳƾˡգ֮䣬ħӡȴϮأ·ɵħӤõͷڣֱǧ֮ͨһˤڵϡһѪԾ޷λȴӤЦӡһʮӡա¡˼ȸнǧӡʩչΪףȴޱǿʶڼɣøԶ
ħӤȻֻˡʵʶ֮Ϊο㣿޳֮⣬ֳӤӰȻڼΪһҡ֮ǡС֮ǱĻͫԲʱ˿̣Ƴ֣³Ρ
ߣһɷ׻֮ħӤЩȴְڰ˵ˣ˴˭ռ˱ˣҪħӡԱ㡭
ӤħӤкǲмѰ˿ط½ɾɵϢҪΪⱻԼֵ۸

޼ҽĶ֮Уһأ߬һ㶳֮Σһħ𣿽зԺôƺ˲ܴʱգ𻹲ͬҪ۸һȥ˼ƪԴ֮ϣԼҵΪʼֹǰɲɡ
һ˿е򣬰˵ͷиĴ򣬶ƪԴãڶڲ¾Ԫ󷨣ɫһ֪Ӻʱʧһ˿Ȼֻػˣ
ĬȻƬ̣һһѽϵץϸϸ۹о治ѡ


942 ʦ
޼ҵĶ֮УԪһڵĶܣͬˡڤʱһ˿Ǵ¶ڲ֪ӿڲѭϢʼײ֮ѻָԭɡ
һţ˾˵ôˣƾν̫ʼ֮ؾ
һйâǹһĨŹֵЦݡеţһڶֵ֡ѣʦá
ФȨӵɤźϤֺʦãǼһʵʵɽµĶУżкٲʱ˿̣ôˡ
ת˲֮䣬һ㵡Գɣת߳˶ֳȥܵĽ⾰ɫ紺Ʈ죬Ŀ磬б仯֮ǬĻħħ磬ȶС
ʦ֣Сĺǰݼ
һվڶǰķʯ֮ϣż̤նˡһŨü۵ļһﲻضᣬһƵòȻ˫߻һĨǳǳЦ⡣ӯӯǡ´컡
ֵѣұǲС˴ĺƹ棡Ǹʦ˵ҲšФȨкһȴ鶢һӡ
һԵ۹תֹӼǺһǰȴһ񾴣˲죡
һޱؿˣƬ֮󣬰ڰ˵ȥɣФȨɴص˵ͷתֿ֮С˲ʮ֮أֵѲǰ߶Ҫһ㡭
һ±˴˷ֿ֮󣬱Լº֣һüͷͷֵҿɲðأСģԿɰΣݣن¡
ţҪı仰ФȨӰһűԶȥǼ䶴ǰһһŮңңԣ
Ƭ֮һüһתԻߵŮӣ˵ĺƹģòˣΪףȴԸӭʱִ꣬ӻĳڣ޼ͽ֮ǰ붴磬һвܲΪ֮氡һ٣תʵ㡭Ϊĳİɣ
λʦã޼ĺƹ񣡶ǸСҡһΪ޼ҵһĵӣҪһһɽϳϦദһУ̫˼
ĺڲԶͤͤȡͻʣü΢˵ǡֲǣǶǵػһ䣬漴ǳǳһЦֵʦ֣СǰݻᣬܲͰɡ
һŮһۣתһǣԹڶǰϥԷȻ˶ǰݴ󷽵һɶԶĵط¡꣬ŮӴܵľɫֵ֮òΣ޷˵ˣǳ֮ˣںɫĿΨе֮ʿŻὫĺƵһʿ
⻰а֮⣡һɫɣ޶Եģ
ĺϵЦݵȥж˼ֶׯԻ£˵ֻԲǰ벽űԵֿƻȡɾͼĲҪѣΪҴʦֺοԳЦأΪʿмȱٷֺ
˴ĺתһ۹дЩ㯣˵ФȨǰھó޼ƣԸ޼ңҲнݾУ˾ȥѰ١򲻸ţһѰһ޼ҵƣΪ֮˴˴С϶޶ˣŰݻʦձӻ뷴¼ɡһ̾Īɫһһٵ˵˵ΪȻǡ
һüʶ£תĺƳӹһ̳ӡ΢΢һֽ֮˹ȴԷóһ̳ƣ⣬漴ߣ˫Ŀ΢أ׹ȥһʱ֮䣬ˮ죬ؿɫ
ת˲֮䣬һ̳ӾƵβʣĺơᡱһ˾̳ӣ̧΢ãһ˦£ȥһ飻ɵįԶǧδ̧ɵ°ͣһЦʾʦ֣ˡ
һһһЦ֮УƵѣʱ˷ʱӣʱϻʱ·ͣ޲Ϊ֮ȻĶǾһŮӡ
һʧ漴΢΢ҡҡͷĺƾ˾̳ӣǸȻһЦһ¡ϾǶЩįɫ
ʦ֣˹ˣĺɫУߵЦޡ
һĺƳۣƬ̣˵꣬һ仰
һòŮӣ˵ĺƽһ䣬ת׵ʹڷỬͷסһգһʱɫ
һڴڷʶһŮӣᣬŴ裬ҽһ֮δΪʿ֮䣬ȴ˺쳾Ҳɵ
ʱںδļ́ͷ
ġȥֻ³Σһ죬Ȼ̾Ī;֪һ̳ơ
ĺƾһвп࣡ٶԷپǧ֮⡭
λʦӦò󣬻ȴ͸ĪĲɣ׽۹УԴĵԶį
ĺƵ۹һüĵҶϣɫ΢΢һ̶Ȱοʦй֪ӣ
ôĺ֪һͷ䣬תȤζؿԶǸŮӡԷ粨ȻһЦżֵʦֲֹһλ֪˼ˡ仰˼˵ǼҲˡ˵ǰׯˣֱ˾Ůƹ
һֱԵĺƹʹ̻¶ļֶΣ»ͨŮøУȴԴȣ
ĺ̬ϸ˵ûͨҶö֮ʦԡ
һ΢֮ʣԷ۹ģȻ˵ֱǣԳϴˣ԰գ䴹Ȼǡƻ֦ҡҷˣתֺߵ˵Цѣʦ⣡Լˣ£ȻҪá
ĺƵĺߴ֮ʣǳ԰֮ʱǡ룬Ա粵һ˦ʮ̳վƷɵĶ֮СתȻЦεŰݷãЩ񲻳ɾ⣬ʦЦɡ
ЩվӦǾʣµģĺ鲻ǳҪ֪һ̳Ҫһɾֻһұ޷ֵ꣡
һû뵽ĺƻд˾ٶЩΡ˶ʮ̳Ӿָ˵أ£Ǿ˵лĺƹδ˵꣬ȴԷ׿ŶȻʵʦ֣ǷΪС
һͷ΢΢һ̧УһӴӶз˳δ룬֮͵Ůӵǰʵĺƹʶô
ĺƽץУŲͣƬ̧֮ͷЦϵá
һɫɣΨü΢΢


943 ǰϦ
ٲݽᡣΪƶɣԶʹЪϢıر֮˵ٲ˾ڤ룬֮֮桭
ĺһԵ伮ľ˵֮ȻǡδԶ룬ȥɽŵһݾ
ͬһɽɸߴĶǰһţһ˼
Ůӻĥ͸ÿԼ֮ʣĩ˲ŷǻ⡣Žȼ仰鲻Խرңɽ¶ˮ㽫һв֣崺ȻȻһŮӣƽ
һԺɾţᱻϳƾ伮Ĳ²⣬ָء
߰ţ񲻹һ磬ɶʵէһûʲôͬ΢Ľƺɫİٲݽ֯һƾ˼ֵĲƸϣܵԪлΪŨ⣡һһǾԪ֮Уһ˿΢ɲĹѭžƽڣԭе㼯һ̶֫ٺѭϢ
һ¶һĨЦݣΪ̫ٲݽţ°빦Ī̫ʼ֮֮䣬ȴӰ٣ӽһ˲ͬ
Ů˵ĲԼˣ£ҪãˣֱմʱδкβףһЩô٣ʮ̳վϺ⣡
һƵŮӣ˰Ѿٷ磬ЦȻ˴羰ãβɣǾ仰롰ɵįԶǧľ磬£ǽ˲ʤ갡
һԴ˰ʱ֮ضýסܡڵϲһ׾Ԫ󷨲ɾŽУӡйɡ

ɽķڣһɽƺ֮ϣӱ˫ĬȻԶһλɸݵߣǫ̬֮һ޼ҵʿͬתȥ
Ҳˣб䣬̻̣
΢΢ҡҡͷǰһʱâŤѵһĶ֮УĿŶԷǷǷӣ˵֪ˣǽڵһСԳƳԪӣרΪ
Ǿ֮޼ҵļӣͬΪһۣΨ뷢Ұüҵʹɫ˫ۣԵʾֳԷ£Ż˵һһˣһʮǰʮǰ⣬䲻Եδʱǰ
ЦЦδ
ޱؽ˵޷̰ͼҷԴˣ
ЦŸ͵Ǻǣޱɾ֮գΪڲԶЩڵСΪ֮һתֵڽһ񣬱Ǹһȷˣ
˻˵ǸһһޣǺټ򣬲δôһˡ޼֮ĴСŶ⣬з֣ܻǣ
Ӧǣֲʵãһɱ֮
һɱ֮ӿ۶Է˵ɱȡȻǺã¹ɵ۵ĴУĻԵˣҵвԽ֮Ӱ
ŵôԣӵ˵ͷ˽ûеһֱ߸ϣǳѲ⣬ȡ֮
ӽ˵ҽз紫ǰ£ض֮ףʶڰеʥʹȥʥŮȴܶδûƽϡһħһ壬ҵȽӦܻ֮񣬽ɾ䣬һɱ޼ҵĳ⣬̽µĶ򣡡
Ӷλ壡⿴Ʒƽ˾ʵӿ޼ҽǸһʾ֮ʣͬʱ鷳˳ȥһ֮ģѡʱ޼Ҽ£ɽ磡˴ΪȻ˵ǽѶʥŮԷڣ޼Ҿء
ӻһ£۹͸ζ˵ֳΪֻʥŮһô򵥰ɡ
΢΢£ʵ˵ʥŮ֮⣬ĸ˴ڣ
ǻУһС£ȴᣬת˵ѰƪģʵףӴϣһö
ӻһЦ˵⡶Դϵһλ޼СΪ޶ѿеһǧɾֵɡ
ӽ˹ȥ˵ԶɷΪǰұ֮٣֮ԴҪڰ۷㲻˽һΪ޼ӵܳЩʶɽ£޼ǰ۵ĵطӵܴûרŵʦ㽫˵ҵһԵ
֮󣬵ͷӦʡ漴ʲô˵۷֮գѾͷ֮ʱܽɷչʾһ޼ӵܴ氡
ӳ˰ΣЩɬ˵ҵĿ֮£ʥŮÿ̽һأй¶ʦŵĴУ򣬱޼ʡϴðȥһ˾ǽ˼ŮеͷǸݵʥŮȴѿ͸˼ѾͷԻˣ޼ʲôôء

޼û뵽ҪҵӤֿһ㵽ԼҵĶ֮Сеʱºڣ˺Щʲô
һҲû뵽ĴѲֶߣ֮ԶĽ򡣶ܻᵽ㵽ʲôطֻǰϦһΰʱ⣡֮һб㽫ĻҲͣ½Ų
ĹգۼеȻɡ
һ޼֮һֱű֣û뿪벽ٲйȻļЧǹԭ΢һ˿˼ʵһߣȶˣΪ˳ĺڴɡ
ֻ꣬ľ粻ڻ£
һΰʱ⣡ڲľԪŨȱʯаٲÿ԰Ϊһ״֮󣬲ôȥͻȻӵĳ붷ĶûԼ޼ŵӵְԲһض˳ȥ
֮⣬޼ҵĵ׷һƫֵĻӡǰںţҪͽɿɾɫţǼ·ӡԶĵӸȻͬļơ
ԭ͵ɾǵҶû
һ˶֮вȣǸڵĺӾֱ˴ͬʱڵɽ£ͻȻɳӰǰȥ


944 ̫޳
ɽ·ɱȥˣȻھйά塣ɳĺƵӰȴδǰֻһƬɽפ
ת˲֮䣬ȡɾĻǰΧ£׷Ҹиָ鼱֮Уſһ׹⣬Ȼâ·ά弱ϮȥֵܸԼʱ̱ӡ
䣡һ죬ֵ˫Ȼǲ¡άֵܱһǻȴ͵ƣԴͷɹգ۱㵽һǰԶ
ɽµļ́ͷŲ֪ģ
άֵѷ׷Ҫˡ
ԶӰ磬ĹâĿ
ǻԲΪδһȫʩչݷ֮ҪԽɽȥ
һվԼҵĶǰͻһСǲ֣Ѱǻͷڶ֮УδԼһݲӲҪѰ鷳
˴һٳɣ䣬͵˦ȥľŵϸĹâȻƼ㣬ʱ㽫ɸߴӰԷȥһ٣ѳڿԾ𣬻ӱ̧ץǰһǻ֮׹ڰ֮Уѱ׷޼ҵΧ˵䡣
ڴɲǣһæ˷Ȼȥֻ·ɽУƾһĹâųһֻƵĴ֣ǽǻӽץס֮󣬲һ°׷Ůð˳бɱ֮ķԶĵʱϵ˴˴ɫһ䣬ݵ޳ϡ
һӰлԭɽǰĹȵϣʮλ޼ҵΧ˸ʮɵȦӣͬɽµĺƣԳŵһ°׷ŮӹʩĲǱˣŮ޺ӡץŵȡʯĻӣľ
Ϣ֮䣬ȴһλֻڴΪŵӣȻ׾ٵһλԲĸ֡ˣ³޺Ӽʱв֪յһֽճ
֮ʣĺӼæһͿɴ⿪ֽ䶯ãܳڴͷⲻҪһ
޺ӵն°׷ΪĿ˪ܣɭȻ߳Ϊ޼ҵӣԵ˲֮Զһ֮УǸĺӣʹ಻ſǻӵ޽ؽΪһʱɾгԹ۶һűաֻ³ɣպ󶨵ԭ黹
ŵôԣڳ˽Ĭȴһͬܡ޼ҵٺÿʮɾȡƾЩɾҪӦҩԼӵĿȵȣʵáߣȡеĵرȡһЩ룬ѰԵĺӣӪ֮뾽֮Ԫ»⡣ֻŹ鰡
޺ӲΪ˵֤֤ڣԳֻ֮ء޼ֻġϣΪɵǰˣµĵӳɱȨ°׷Ůӣеһλδ䣬Զ͵غ£ʱһ档һҺ𣬻ĺŻһͬʧֻһСӻ
һͬĵûˣڳ˽ɫָ̻̲ԲԡǺ
֮⣬һ΢΢һǶϤԼǬ޼֮װɾˡԴܵ˷ŵùĵУѵϡΪ󣬲űƹۡ
һĲ²⣬²ֻû뵽һ֮õǬһˡ
޺һѽǴץԼӴ֮תܵĵ߳ߣɾʯߣΪд˽ϽЯǬ䣡ȴԴªĴ﷨ɻأŪɳ׾ȣԴΪ䣡
˲ΥһǡһĬĬųеΣλ޳ϿҴ⣬æ˹֡Էǳ˵С㷽СһԵʹ͡
ͷһΪţȴְƲƲ졣Է˵Ӽ²䣬ǰ֮κһ
Ȼ²䣬Ҫڴ˴ʮꡣʲôʹͣ缸ɾʵݣһԸ̣ٴιʾл⣡

ʲôһĿȥǺ°׷ŮٵģȴʧׯΨһ˫кâʹԵùɽµĺƶƬ̣תĪԹ޽˵йŮͬһ㽫޼ң԰գһﳤȥ
޶ѵ⣬˲ĺƵɫʱˡĿһ޺ӵıӰײ
ɽϣһ㵡ŮӿָǳΪ۹ڷŮӵϣʱתضȴ˻ֵѡεҡҡͷֻͣ˽Ų
һָܻƽɢȥֻά廹ڴ˴һ˻һֵֵ֮ѣھƽԵճΪͬŵӣβĺʦõĶ̸һ
˵縺άƮȻѵģ޼ŵһʱʦֵʧ䲻ѡ֪Ůƹİ޼ң˴ΪοŵӵݣһˡСʦóէģ벻ʦǵĹհ
ֵԭһŵӣȴԷɴʰһڵĸ֣˽ύ֮ġ
ʦ֣뵽СöƬ̡
һԳɲ˳ֻĺվɽ֮ϣȣڴ
ˣҷһһ˵ͷ˶˫֣ٷ绺¡ڷƮƮȻ֮Уһȵơ
άֵΪȻغǺһЦ·ɽȥ
ĺ԰˴ӿնǡū\׿Σ¹ɣصȡ֮Уɵͷһһ˫أӭϼһƳת׵ʹƲʤߵģֻ߻һĨǳǳЦ⡣룬ŶԷǰ
һδĺƵ飬ĵشܵΡɽµľͷǶڡм鷽ʯΪףΪᣣľšŮӵ֮Ӧǽ˴ʰһ
ֵкһ˶һĺԷȻЦкСʦãϾơ
ֵȻΪһ΢㵣תԡ֮У˳һۣתίһЦЩӦλʦ֣ˣ
ΣһȻʲôСʦãǽƵĻӣµʱˡ񵹺ãǮˣרźòȻļһ̫޳ˣ
ĺȴ˳һ㣬Ǭó̳ϣЦӯӯһ㡣
ԼĪɵķԲܼͬªǰһʯϣȴڷһ߹ޣɳһǵİ׻
Ʋݣ껨ÿţơ


945 С
֮Уάжž̳ӣڳ飬ʱȻʱЦⲻѡĺһ㣬˵ԷȤ¡һףбӣӡ
ⷲ׼䰡վ֮⣬Ǿơƻơ޲ӾơɣơƵȾƷиʾջ֭ͬڣӵػƣҩ֮Ϊջƣͷ磬Ŀȥٲ
Ǻǣٲ٣ӵȤ
άʦԼǰұǧԪأĺȻʱһвָ䣬¹º˭ǵıů׵Ķ̶̰꣬У顢Թ
СʦãпζǽƵȤŶི
ţǣһݶһ֮ϣΪ꣬ؾΪó꣬оơ֮ʱҪϯΪ񡭡

˵ЦͣΨһĬĲɵؿ⣬ǰһ̳Ƶδһ⻺б߹ƲݵĵףǰƮƮȥ
ĺƾȻôƵŵ˹Ŀ࿴һûƵ£˵һʱֲóȻȥֻôһĬȻ
ڴʱһӰԶֱ˵˽вȴԲԡ߲İǸФȨӣֵԵε˴˴
һͻȻض˵Ѱңʧ㡭һ仰һ˶
޼ֵܲΪȻҪŴԼҵšĺʼռģʱס˿ЦݲĵкФȨǰ֮ˣȥλʦԴƬ̡δ䣬ȥ
İԶһפֻŨü۵ФȨڲԶΣδվȣ㳤̾һ֮ȴֹĿɬΡ
Фǰ˺¡ĺƵһԡ
һбһ˵ŮӣתһǷϵФȨӣͬɻ󲻽⡣ֵһһģ
ФȨӴһ˿̬пһѾҲŴ޳ϴأ˳ֵѡĺƹ
һͷ˵ȻˣҶǰСƬ̡תնɣԼҶǰ򿪽ƽ̹ʯ֮ϡФȨһȻȵӰ
ŮӲ˸ϵλˣ
һ°ھ͵ض֮ʣ۹ƳĺơԷȴҡ漴ֱԻһЦת󷽵ԡ䱾ѾʱڲУ
ФȨӼĬ޼ӣ͸˵⣬̾һ˵֪ˣֺα뿪ء
ڶǰԶһýסܡФȨӻлʵŵӵľ޼벻뿪кθϵ
ʱĺƣ˸ˡĬĬţһԲΪׯᡣһɽĬĬţᱻԡȴڲǹעĿ⡣һ˫ܿ͸羰һС
ФȨӶ˶񣬷˰Ѻ룬۹ĺƵһӶ˵˵СǴлԵһڣ볤飬ŵ˴ֵأ˭ϡһ£ɫֵԵδȴҪĥ˲ܰΪˣǰȥϣٻطȴʹ
˴ФȨӴЩĶ⿴һĺƣ̾ڰ羰һһŮڴ˴ϦദҪôСۣҪôǳóʱüĿɶģʵ˶۲ѣ
һŪɳ׾֮ܵ˴ɧˣһᣬʵС֮һкλԵֵصӣΪҪĥ
һԵĺƼһ£Ÿ͵ФǰС˵УΪڣ˿벽˭ء
Сһ֪ФȨЩطһ䡣һвαһ˵С˼Ů꾲֮ءΪ֮󣬱Զ򡣶ϼ˼ŮУŽ˴˷Ϊء
ɿʮﴦһƬɽ֣֮СһƧɽϣм䷿ᣬνСŮòף˳Ϊӡǰ˴ߣδ顣
˵ӵʦλĪˣ޼ҵļӣᲢۡʶ޼ӵܽԶСѣ˳ȥڴӷصһաʱܵõӵָһνԵǳ㲻Ըôһգ
⣬ƬɽֵŨԪԼ羰Զʤ˽֮֮ءФȨְ𣬱ǿСԷΪ
ҵĲ±ɣõǽСɡ˭λݣһֱǶߣ뼸Сǲ޺ӳ϶ҵ̣ȴ˵Ϊţǵù
ФȨ˵˴ֽס̾һ
һɫɣǰļλ˾Ϊϣ޼ҵļӦֻǿ޼ҵļȻĪ⣬бΪǿˣǸȵߡ
һԵĺ΢΢Ȼ˵ز˿޳ΪҪΥһ桭޺ӣֶζΪĿòη塣룬Ůȴ˵ǿʡ
ФȨϵĿɫŨ˵Ľﰡ޼ӵܣ˭ĳأ˵ˣλǰδСֻڽ̻㲻ΥȴΪ𡭡ԷΪϲҫͨüֵصѰģΣȴͶţֻ̾ࡣ
׼ҵ죬ھг¶עĿҪȥ޼ҰݷãȻ˴˴ĺƻȻλǰƳһתФȨʵСΪӵľ֮أ֪ҵȿɷǰȥ۽磿
ФȨЩɻؿĺƣ˵кβɣ㡭
ĺȻһЦתһ˵ʦ֣Ҳǰȥһܺùڴ˴˵Ц仰ίȴǳˡάֵܵɧֻᷳѡ
һջ˼ĺɫУ֮Ա
ФȨӺȻʲôæĺƹλǰ˵ȥ޼ľ˵ϵ㣬Ϊ鰡ִſ飬һ˵˴˶߶źãⱡ֡Է׽û
һǰһС˹ܲ⡣һӣһ飬ֻܽĿĺѲ֮ǰĴ㵣һϰΪ΢΢̧ɫоڴ
һСûȤҲδ뿪ԼҵĶһ·׷ɱʱ޼ҡڴ˴ƧԪŨýֻľ֮󣬱뷨Ѱūغ졣ڴ֮ǰСĽ֣֮
ʱ˿̣֪ΪΣһͷЩĪĳ嶯ȥǸصСһģԵӵòӱʦڰ˼֮ϣн߼򡣶ʮԼ֪ʮг롣ѵ˵ЩĪƾԼǷԶµͼǷѰʧء
һãͷӦȻˣһ⡭


946 ͤ
ߵʱĺƵû޼ֵܡһˣλʦΪտһҡԷδ׹ŮȻԶȥ
ФȨӴ·˵Ÿصķʤ;ж˼ɽС
ʮ֮Զʶһ˲н裬ܶطֻе˽ǰܿڵȫòСһ˵ȻǸδ֪ĵط
һʱ֮һžɽֻԶɽʣ̶Ϊ֣зٽ䡣ˮȻţּȻʧޱߵд֮СǰһƬ޴ɽ꣬д£ΪơԶŨԪԼ΢΢˿УΪⷽؼƾ˼أ
ФȨӵʾ£˻ֹסȥƣɽǰİԶΣ̧ͷϤɽϵ֮УһľԺ䣬Сʶ֮УȴԿΡ
ڴͬʱǱ̴εУɳһڵˡҴҵ˽ǰФȨִ
˴ĿصӹˣФȨΨһĳϵصͷ漴ִ˼䡣Էȴһԣ飬תȥвӰ
ФȨӶʱûƣǿǰ˼ָȡԪѷǷԳƣɱ֮ȴ谭ʶ֮ܣзþΪˣɴѭȥɵִء
һФȨ˵ԶΡܲԴ価ȾǽµĴ෺һ˵ɫʵԼӭķʹһˬɾĪ˰
ФȨӱ߱˵ⶴأγ޼ӵܵһԵʱ֮ҵȱǰ㣬;棬ʾ£ͷк˼ǰԶɽϣż䶴ֵܣԼɼʿӰ
һ˫֣ǰСĺƸһԣߴһĨǳǳЦ⡣ڵ˫֮УȻڴһ˿ĪĲ
ʱĹ˵ֵԱߡһխխʯûڴ亣֮С
ФȨӺֹסŲתĨ˰Ѻں룬ɷµʵɴǰѭУԽ֪λѡ񣿡
ĺƿԣЦҡҡͷΪǵûšЩŮӣܻøĴ
һΪֻһʯɹУ˭Ͻ֮Ⲣ޽ɡЩشФȨһۣ˵Ҷ˳էȻ·óȻ¡
ФȨһЦ˵Ǻǣһʣʼͷתû֮С
ʯֻݵһˡһǫã̧ǰĺһС
ڽֵһɲǣΣһ룬æ߶סҡϮ亣ӿһƬʡлͫ΢΢˸ȴФȨӽ죬ȻнԶĺԭأӡ
һüһͣ仺ķٱ̯ơˮк£˿˿ֱ͸зۣ˻֮Գ֡ǳȫȻεĳʪ
һвþȴ˵ʵ仯벻֮˼ɼһߣ
һ˼˦ȥһʱܵķ꣬ĺ漴оѹɫӶˡǰҪлȴӭһӰ
ĺƣòҴϻ쳣һȴйཻ޹غŮòһ·̫ĵҶԹǷǾѽᣡŮ̲סְһءˣĲԴ
һʶֵ֮󣬽Ȼӿ졣ǰФȨѲӰȻǼһģֻ´˵֮䣬ȥһ֮ɫ
ӵļҺһ䣬ֻһƬɣµҺ캬¶ţŨŨĴޱߣ૽ξһȥǰУޱ޼ʵ񺣾оκˣб̲ƶؼ𡭡
һ֪þȴ֮Ʈ
һкɽɫбգˮ硭
ĺĬĬһжЩĳšΪȴΪǰȻıӰȻʧ꣬ס£תԶɫԳįԿ͸񺣣Կ͸صϣԿ͸Ψ͸һ˵ġ
֪ȥ˶ãɣǰȴǻȻʡһгڻþ֮УΣ٣ɫͻȻһ䣬͵ϴͬʱһۻķϮݶܡŽʮɣѱȥƱһ٣漴ݺˤ˵档ЦǺǣӵСһС飡ףĺƹ
ͨһһˤڵϡһͽ޹ֻǱذͷ¹Σʹס˿ڣŭ˸
ӦɽߵĵطΪܲơɷԲһƬյأΧһȦʰǽǼªԺ֮Уһͤһ㵭֮жѱߣԾ׶ءԺǰԶһ鷽ʯ֮ϣϥһλŰ۵ӣʲ̬ưһλ̫ǰˣҲ˵һλˣǰĲԶФȨͬڵϣȴǴһЦݣƶŰϰΪ
ǰĺƿ˵֮ˣǰʩһ񡣶Է׼ҵ죬ȻСػ֮ФȨ£δǴٲ޼ľ֮С
ĺƺһЩϧ˵㻹ǰ޼ҡˣȻһЦɫֵǵ֪ĳڴˣǰݼ
ĺ۹תӯӯһЦǷ˵ǰأСŮƣԱ⡭϶һ̳ǰ֮ڶԷڵķʯ֮ϣתһԣܵڱһ̣ͬФȨһֻλǰ
ãǺһЦץ̳ӱһڡѵζʱûƵ¡ĺƳûʵһδȴǰ˴ޣСкɡ
Ǻǣ֪ʣԵһЦתеĲݡͤһۣ˵ǰ޼Ҽһ棡˵ҪһˣұȺڴˡ
з紫ǰĽڶ࣬һߣΨǰһˣλǰ㣬ʵɷءĺƺܻ˵쿪ѡԷɫãһתֵλðǰɷһ桭
һάֺõĻֻΪС˵飿쿴ĺƣЦݱùŹ˵Ըδ˵꣬һץԶФȨضȻеС
顪һ죬ӿ֮УФȨѱ˻֫ˤ˵ϡĥȥʹغһæʩ࡭лǰ
˵ķӣǺĺǳЦӯӯĪɫʮһ˵ǰĪҪ˲źð
첻ΪȻ˵޼ҵ޽ǣ˼Ľɱ֮Ҳ޷˵ŻץȥЦСᣬҶ֮ģҪˤʾͽ䡭
ʱһФȨĥλǰΪǿȴǸƶ֮ˣĽ˭ɱƨ°ܲΪһ飬㽫νΪнӽСߣҪܳʹд
һǲޣȴ޿κΡԷץ֪Ҫ㡣в룬ɼطգԽʰǽݺеĲͤš顪һ죬͵˻ٴˤ˵ϡ
һˤʵڣһڵأҧһԡϵδȥǶáѪɫüĵǵɫӡ͹ԡⳡ֣֮Ī˫ΪԶ޼ҵĶ֮УýǺá
ԶФȨӸͬܣסһ¡ת˲䣬ͷĿ⣡
ĺɫɣЦЦ׽
ŪˣҲһȤֻҪû޼ұ㲻üԹԴȻǿռˡԼĽӣ˴²źãһץЦС֮ǿ죬ܳ޽СұĹ㡭
һٴڿնʯͷǰڰգͻȻɫĹâһû漴һȥֽһ˲䣬䲢δأгâƾռᷭתǡ뺣֮ƣΪ뵽֮С
һС޽֮У
ФȨӵɴ˫ۡˣ˽Сʧְ֮λǰء
ĺƵûЦݣһǰ
һ˫أŷ˲ͤĽǰȥܵһĿȻǲͤʯΪѲΪǣйľΪϷļªϿСС֡ͤлһһᡭ
һ۹ǻ֮ϣͻȻ¡һɲǣ׻һ㣬ɫ԰ףĿɿڴ


947 ׷
ͤУŵ߻֮ϣһĿԶòӡбһֻ׺ʤѩ
һһ˲䣬ͷһסԼĶҲϤ޼ҵС֮УǲһᣬԵ
֮УٿȻԶȥصһУһͷһһֳ
ǵãɾһ䶴֮У״˰׺ǧáŮõҩջģ˵ϴȥǧȶңΡ˵غֻΪԲתΪˡȥ֮ʣ˵һᡭ
֮һϿ֮Сĵ£Դ価ĸɽ֮䣬Ǳ͸һءϣ磬ӰЯͬС
ǵãзʯбˮ֮ϣĽʯͤٷ磬ʯϵ仰һ˷ȥư񷡭һ̣޼䣬ƾԶǧ
˵֮УǧµĻ͸Ůӡ˵Էģ뻭е˶м£
Ϊ⣬˵ľѪԻ׷׷ȻΪ׷磡ȥһӣΪҾѪƣǸǧһ˿ǣ˴˱㲻ʧˣգݺ֮ʱ϶Ϊһ
֮δݺģȴΧϦ֮ʣѶ˻Ǳǿдţ˫˫ء
ǰΪȥһ浾ŮӣһС
Ѫϡ֫ų꣬ȾǽգһѪ֮ʣο˵ؽҴĪδ䣬ӰȥҲʹ˲Ӱ
Σɣͤǰһǻᣬѷһþ֮ѵһҴӲԸȥ𣬲ǣ̫ʹˣ
֪㲢δɢȴΪ޶֪ǺãΪˣұٹҲʧţǳԵעʹսᡣֻҪһ·ǰֻҪɵùߣֻҪùԶһջѰ䣡һԵǳұ㽫ļ䣬һһ
ȴǻ档ɾıǧУݲһƲлꣿ㶨滭ᴩԽˣתڤڤָ֮ط֮ա
صʱ򣬲ϧʧȥʱ򣬲ŷʹǣ
ҵұԼȫδ˵飡
֮ңҴ˺ԽٴһأҲٴ
һ£ȻȥеͷܣвƵڴ֮Ĳ֮ͤУǻϰ׺üĲһѪ졣̧һӨ׵΢΢
ɵϣ׷硱־Ȼһ˿ǣĻľѪӡǣޣȴδк״
һͷһ漴ֻ˿ǵǸ׼ҵǰ˵С˲򣬽ڽշء
ͤǰ֮Уһľֹ̬쳣ʱʹ࣬ʱϲɫʱ̾ʱĶɢȫ޴ǰһСеη֣̿͸Ȼη
ʰǽ֮⣬졢ФȨĺƣڶеӰĪ
һѰСħڹĪ޽Ѱ÷϶ţʵ⣡СӳŻᷢʲôĳĶ˭Ҷʯͷɫкǲм
ФȨӲ֪һڸʲôΪԷ£ȴ޼ƿʩҪֵòճɾ鷳ˣƬ̣ϵһ
ĺԭؾһºҪ֮ܵУƽƮ¡֪ΪΣ覵ϣһĨеĳ졣ؿ΢΢˫ڶмѵȡȨ⡭
ڴʱͻȻʵС˭
ФȨӲҵæصŵһأѴŹ棬Ҫ꼰ǰʩչֶνŪ
ߣӵС¡ԲԵ߳һ޽˽ĽͬСɰ˴ĽѰҪƽҲסΪСӴᱻɻ˭Ȼܼ˽ȥٽŪǻȥ˵ĺ޹˼ɣֺοȵգ
һӵĻȡңұĹһءɤźһߣƣһ缱ȥʱ͸ֱСȥʮ΢΢һһӰֳĬĬŲͤΪ
ФȨҲˣźֵѣٷأ󡭡
ӵĻĪСˡӵŮӣ뻭еһģһǰӣ֮ʱ㻹ϵ𡭡
һͷ£ٴβڹУֻ֪С߾Ϊ֮һĲѣһƲл˴˴ǰ֮Լ
뵽˴һ֣߬΢΢˫ۣش˿ڴƽ
ǡڴʱ֣һǿķȻϮһȻѣ͵˫ۣüħӡ΢һƻȻʢвжضתڿ뿪˲ͤһͷˤȥʮɣ˲ѵʰǽ֮⣬֮߳ǵôأ󵨡
˺죬һӶ˫ۣ˵ϡ˫üбɫ࣬ɷƣһĿȻȻǶŭ
˺°׷˪أȴǾһֲ߳ɣҪֳĵӵʱһɫӰ̷̻ǰʧغ޳һʹ㣬顭
ФȨ֪ôһŵݵ޳ϡ
ȴЩ⣡ŮŹ֣ԼΪͻȻǺһЦ˵޳ϣˣ
ǹ³޺ӣյФȨӵʾ£κ˴أòй£һҵСŮӣ˾ʥŮѣΪ޼Ҹ߸ϵĹˣɾӷΪأ޷Ҫˣߣ޼£Ϊ׸֮
һŵӣְز˵·ϡ
޺ӿһۣǳǰ֮˴һ漴һ˦Ƿһ˹ȥžһ죬ĺյ˳ȥ
ڳФȨӾһĺƿλòɵŮӣһ仰û˵سͣµȥְ
ͻȻ˴ӲͤĻǰǿɵһŭڣ˴ת˲״ֹ˼ء֮ˣ㽫һʰյѳΪӣ޼֮Ů
һǿŭ𣬺һӰ˹û뵽ĺƻð飬û뵽Ǹ޺ӻִˡ
һ֮ʣĺأſһѪȻһеؼ˵ޡ޳ϣݵӽ˵꣬ƾãңպףѪ죬ʹ˲Ŀá


948 ˺
ɵɣķ羰Ȼ˵ľȴ˲ͬ
ǰһĺԶСغάֵ֪ܲǻæƿҩʶȤȥ񣬴ʱʱֻʣˡŮϺδµһ޶˽ס⣡
һתԶ¡һ޷Ŀ꣬ͻȻΣΪ⡣֮࣬˰Σ
ᣬɹغ䣡δǸ֮ǰܶ϶ԷҪѰأ⣬ΪǴӱ𴦵пܣʵδ壬ԼѷңŪɳ׾һʱçײٴʧȥˡҵȵ˵
Уһֱ˲²͸˼ĺƣΣͷͦ޶֮ܶ裬һоһǱǿأ׼ҵǰ׳ʹµĵӣԷڲ˵֮ӡշԷȥǸ޼Ҿ׼ҵĻ
һ̣ĺƽìͷֱָж׼߳Է޸ǰķ緶ʵ⣬ݼڣĥ޼ҵأƷвߣܵӵĴ࣬ȵȡ
ĺƵһȻǸЦֵŮƹҲǫŮӣһλҵ֮ʿ
ΪߡͻȻһСָʵЩֲĺƵòмӣȻҲҪһС׼ҡ˭ԼڶԷо˴ײδ氡
ʱ鷢й˼ɣ޼ԼӣԴһᣡȰס˼޺ӣ֮Ϊĺ˵û
λ޳϶ǲмȴܾʹ˺Ƥ֮£աǽĺʹһͨԸԷһȥ
ʦ֡ûҰ˵˭ܰ
һɫЩΡعͷ죬ԶԡûŮӵִԣԤϡܶϤһУ޺ӵ˼յǡôȴָԸԼΪʲô
ԾƽԵӣ޳ǰѿδ֣޷ġ
ÿһ仰һĿȴ׽ԾƽԵ۹ĺǺ׵ϣһҡҡͷʮһ꣬Źʱ뵭Ȼ֮ԴȡʱŮӣǾԼ
ĺƼһ΢΢ף档Ůܲϧأ
Ƿµ鶼ݻرܡһһó̳ǰ˵˾ƣΪǧ𥣬꣬ʣ̳Աлɣ
ĺһ֮ɫɢȥ̳ӼΪֲڣ⼰Գ¾ɡ֮ץУԼӶ֮Ȼ˵ľƣζ
һץһ̳ӣĿ⣬һʵ⡭Ҽľƣܷ³Ժη
о仰룡Ҳ³Ƶѡ˵Żĺ˺ȥ̳⣬¶ЩЦ޶ˡˮӭԷ˵ӢĪʳľƣСο롭
һüһ˵仰ҲԷ䡭
ĺ΢΢˫ֱž̳ӳһڣ̬Ϊĺˬ
һ΢΢ǣץž̳ӱȥĲɣǺһ£΢΢ʧͣ
ˬʧ񣬸ʧһذǧĺƺƳھƵĻζУȴһתʵʦСһᣬϲǻеŮӡ˴Ʋʤ߰شͷȥ˿סա
һеľ̳ӣҡҡͷ
ĺǽ̳ӱϥͷϣĶġǧ𥡱ֵ֣ǡʦֿϲŮѽ
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ϧ˰úв֪ɵǷ·ءĺƸһ䣬ģԵȡ
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һ˵̳ӾƣͷĿݻȻһᡣתԶһۣڴ˵Զ
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һƤһ˿µİٲţóɾйɡڴ˵Ⱥ֮ʣνŵӵֵأ°ˣλ޳ȣ֮⣬Կ߶
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һ֪ƽͷһأһ޷ԸŮˣ
ĺƲǽթƱ䣬Ҳû޵һòˮһ飬ۻʯѪڣ
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޳֮ͽ
һ߳ȴһԹԾϴ棬ᡣӰɵĶʮ⣬ٴŭ߳òȻʵһĺƹףȥֵŵӼʦִ֣ݼɵ
Ĳˣλ޼ֵܣΪĺƹͷеάƮƮȻһλҲɫơ
һһھ˫ۡûˣ̳ӻΪСƣֿңŷ֮ôȥ̳ӣ
һݵװơ
һα˵һ˫üб俴άֵ۹кһ˵ɽ֮У
ȻĪˡά˵
һĮȻ˵˲Ź棬ֺ˼ɣ붯־ҽţƨһڶǰɫɱ͸
άһɣŭɶһҧгݵ֮ͽҽոðʹҲҪеһءһԵҲߵļƣֵͬ顣ݴĺƲϵʧ԰һ͡ŵӿʵʵģʵ¹ޡ֪֪治֪ģǿţ
һ˵ץʣµһ̳ƣĬĬк⽥Ũ
ڴʱһɫӰֵܵǰλʦϢŭִȥ𷣲˵Цϰˡ
άһظ˵Ҫ˰εŸ͵ĺʦø費ɡ
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ĺһȡᱶģֵֻͷһԳֻ֡ǰŲط̻˵ǳ׼
ʻ۲ݵģˣ֪ˣֺװʲôţΪǿԴҪ壡άش˿ڴֵذڰ˵СʦҪԼֵܼձ㣡ʶ˲˺мǣתֳһ߳ٸаȻ㲻ãߣһ˦ȻȥУضһ䣺˲簡
޼ֵƶ˶顣ʶһ֣֪һʱռ˱ˡģӣ
ĺƿԶȥת
һľûˣ̳Ҳûˡɷһ˳ſտյƳ
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һ̧ͷǰѲӰͷغһһ²ţ´ǧ޷Ҫ˶֪׮£ΪҪԵֺ֣ۡ
ҵһº۷ټ£ԸΥ޼ҵŵӣҲգ
һصػһУԶľ̳ƷɵϡҪȥ⣬ɵһ١ĪĶ漴͸ָ̳ϵֽۿɼн绯ʧ֮С
˲ƣһüͷԵɺ֮£ǴӡԴһСΪ̳ҲʧȴǺԵʣ
зʼ֮ԴΪ
֪䣬ʮһͷֳйԴеɻλȻ⡣֮£粦Ƽա
һɫ΢ȣס뵽˳˼֮Сĺȥ֮ʱһλƼ򵥵ȴǡԴ֮ڡߣ
ŮǽָԼôһ˵ֻһڵʿ˸ľ磡ĻдӲ©˵伮أżá


953 һǣ
һɽ壬䶴
ɽİһԼҵǰĬĬžơƬɽϣݣӰ
ĺصľƣûˡԸţڶǰɽϰŪŻݲݡ䷨컨չʮɷԲһƬط̺죬ҷ磡
ɽ±ģ涷޵Ļ֮Уĺʱⲽʱü˼ʱߢһƬڱǶᣬʱϥƳٲȻһ֪Ůӣ׻飻ԷЦͷζ졣
ģ㲻ҪҪģעʧȥѵ𡭡
ĺһŭŵҩǰ̾꣬˽㵱ﻨɶҡ׿һۣתֵ㣬ҵ
һĶ˵ŮӣڻԼϥŽ޵Ļ˵ⶴ֮Уɽˮ鶯ľʢȴȱҹ磬ļûзޣǿա˶Ҳɵɵ顭ɫίᣬһįŮлĻȴһʶֻĳ
֪˻֮󣬱ϲǻˣӴˣֻ£ȴǳ¶ãȴ
һʼǰʯϣľһ㡣֮ŻеϽ«Сһڡޱ飬ͷĳδžˮȥٰ֡
޼ֵ˼أԾȤĴ١һﱻ;˴޺ӳ˼̲֮סĺƱԹһͨ޼ҵһЩΪ֪
޺ʱǸˣ޼εļӣǶ˫޵Ķ£ȴԵɷֵ
˵ӼΪôСԼҵĵʼ޺ǲģ㰵˼Ůޣȴ޺Ϥɱˣ˶
޺çײ⣬عںáȴʢŭĻ䣬רɵŮ֮顣
˺޺䡣صĺɽ磬ҲӲ̤벽
У޳ʹ޼˼Ǩˡ
ϲһˣץýģǶˣʱǨ˶ϣȥҶ㣬ҿΡ
Ʈһš
ʥ࣬ңɼֺαأ˹֪֮
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ദգѡȴֲһˣ֮ò飬Σܲ˼ҵݣš
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һһԶԡƬ֮ͷҡԶһۣ漴𣬱һɽȷȥ
µɽϣĺԳҩ˵ǰԵ𡭡£̧ۿǸԶȥıӰ˼Ƭ֮޼ֵе˹ֺõԶԶкĺƹ۷ڼһͬǰʶһ
ĺƿվˣźʵΪβάʦ֣
ƽʱźϳɳȣʱȴЩ˷ܵ˵ֵ߿˽УǸãǺǡ
ĺǸȻһЦ˵治ɣʦ뿪˴ֻʣһˡϻѳʹңʱ벽۷ȥգ
һϧ

һ޴Ķ£ǰΪƺɴ˷ȥһ׳澰
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һδЩ޼ӵܣվһƧ˫ĬĬԶµİʮԶƺ֮Уһɽңңšĵطͬǽɽ״񣬾Ϊض
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һһѰ˿鲻۵ĵطϥ˼Ҷǻƶ°ƺΨһԶԶš
磬ԪŨɽΪʿڽɣһҲ˫ֽӡģȴܵ
ν۵۷ڹʹҪ壬˺Сһ;ǰƣĪԴȡˣԵã
ʶһ۷·һŮӵ߶ֻһŮӡ
֮֮ϣĵӰΪһߣƮƮ̬ϡּ⣬˰ʤѩī޺ӣλ׼ҵ졣Ⱥʱ޼ӵܽʩһɫڴһ£һ̧ۿȥ
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ӣֶ죬ȴİһԷݣԼĻʧǵصϣԽеӡ
СһȻǡ羪һƳѽʧءԾ꣬һ޴Գ֣Ƕׯ˫Ŀ΢صӣ׵գϤУȴ˼ִӣֵȻмį䣬ʲôȥһС
جج֮Уһͷһֱƶе˶ԷȻδ
֮һһʹ̾Ϣ֮ģתֻ֮޼ҵӣǸԼǰȴŽһΣ
Զľ룬֮ǣĿ࣬ˣ
ܻĸοȻ˹ȥֺĺ㻹֡ʱ˵ʲô
ҵǣһûǣ
һͷ䣬ʹ϶һӣ桰׷硱СַĿɫ׷䣬۵Ŀ
׷׷Ȼ㵱仰һߣʧȥһ˲һвٻתֻӰ㣬į硭
ǡڴʱӨ׵йâ΢΢һǣʱһɫһ䣬ͷһֱΪת֮еľѪӡδȴûôֻһͽ˸еӡǰˣǡ
ڴɲǣԶƶе˫ۣɫԴ㵡һ˿ǣֻԴѰһ̣ܵһ˵Ĵڡǡ
Ϭĵ۹ңңײһ𡭡


954 鼱
֮ϣڽб仯֮һ⣬ᷢλǰ٩٩̸вĳżõһľ⡣ˣϵٶ޼ҵӣ
һͬˣ졣
һ۵޺ӣ۽ţ붨һ㡣ܵҲϤĴ۵й£޼ҹ޹ء
Щܣƶ֮У̬ȴʱʱŲԶĶԿ˵˲޼ҳĽ۷ѵõҵǣҲˡӾۣڿʲô
ӵУ΢㵣ãȻһ˿ɡ
֮һʮ⣬˶ڽСǸڵʿ˩ŸСɵĺ«ƣĿ֮Żۣҷ磬̬ƣĹâгҵĻȼգвķ˪ļ˽ס֮Ѱ٣ζ
۹⣬Ϊ˸еϤİ΢΢һͷֺʧʲôеƵ𡭡
һԶԶƶеӣӿһǣ֮ӡǣĥ
ҵ㣡ǵһСӣںϵ塣Ժұߵһϲ㣬ûκεԵɡ˵Ҵδϲ㡣̹֮޼䣬ԼʱĬôȻȻֱԷһ룬ŷٲֿܷ
㾫Ѫӡд棬ѵδֻأˣΪβϵңһģƵ׷
ĵ۹⽻֯һ˲һ˵ȥꡣɫڴ
ͬʱ⵽ǸӡʶɼԳ˵ľѪƵһѰеһ˿ѪԼһ˭ȻСɽڡ
ɫ΢΢һ˪˫ۣԸǸˡͷ㯲δȥѿһ㳤֦辣һʱͻ
һ糱ӵö䡣⽵١Ǿǧ֮ı飬ֻĿһۡ㻹ǲϵҡ
Ƭ̣һƶǿջ۹⡣ͷеסȻ̾
֮ԶнߵרעɫеЩ쳣⣬ȴĵ죡Ů֮飬̫ˣüĿ飬ȴûô򵥡һ߸ϵӣһѰСãܹ
ԶԶǸ̾ĻСӣЩ棬Щֻ
ʶ߻ȥһδûɵţɫ֮Ŷ϶һλһŮϣȻ֮λ˴֮仯Ī⣬мѭʲɻŦΪȫ
йʿķ벻֮˵ӵжݷ׷н䲻ڡһԴ˵ĥ꣬ĵáǡ޼ҵĳһ֮Ǹӡ֤ĺûᣬʱľңȥ˻ѡ
֪Уչȥӽѱϣͬλָ㼸䡣޺Ӹˣǫܣ÷ΪԴˣӲδǿ󣬶ĹأΪһʽͨսעš
ƺӵԣ˾Ӹ¡Ķ֮ϣԶڶӣһȺ
Ӵƶվַ룬۹ɨܣ˵ԶɷʣȡϷΪСʩչһСͨ޼ɷܱΪɱδ䣬̤ƺǰ漴˫һץһδɣȥʱ䣬ٿȻʧ
ͬʱĶϣȻһɷԲļӫĪ⡣ڵɫ䣬һʱ޴Ӷܡ
һƶķ׹ߣ͵ȻϮϢһϡһеѶһ̧ͷ
ǡڴʱӴһӡֻǷޱڰգһˮ¡ǺһЦ˵۷Ϊֹɣλһʾ£Ӱһʧ١
޺Ǻòһ˫ۣͷضİơһǸĿЦݵ죬ԱԶͷҲصкûһöӣ㲻ͬСӦһȥ
ԭվɫΡû뵽Լⲽأ޼Ǵȥˡ˿ڵɽشԶȥıӰתĶ¡һˮϴ֮ٶԳ֮УΨСӡ

һɫӰԽ֣ǡһĨƮ̺ӴСԺǽ֮⡣ӣɢȥݡͤȻƿ飬̤Ĳƺǰ
꣬һˡھ֮࣬ĬĬŲݡ֡У飬į桭
ӴŵԺ䣬ǰ֣ȴڴŻһͣʶɼڳɡǶ飬еܰ˴ͷ˽³תȥ˲֮ͤУ۹ǻ֮ϡ
ǻе˶ɣϳȻ˭
ӵǳ֣˼ÿŻᣬҵΪ֮һе˶˭ԼΪģ񡭡
ˣҸˣٻ
ӻңСȴ޴š˴Լļң˴Ȼ
꣬ɫһתԺǽ⣬˵
ǽһֳһӰŻɫۣϽ«һƣȻ͸ЩĿɬ˵ǣûô
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һԲȴܰװ״˻Ե֮ɱʩչ䲻ǿȴǳ˿ʶơһǣ¶
񺣻УһһŮңңӡ
߹꣬нյط꣡һ۹䣬˵һ
Ӳٴɫ˵֪ŵһΪҪβˣС
һӽ˵꣬϶һʾе׷緢УԵλľѪӡǡ
һɺԣ֮뿪ṳ̂벽̸Ѫ֣֮㲻һСһӵȴҵģΪӵĻԲϵŭǳ׼һ߸ϵӣ£ҪЮ
һ̾һ鼱ң̧ףٿȻɫ


955 ֮Լ
һ꣬ΪڻԵķͤУ˵ľѪһ˵ΪҾѪƣǸǧһ˿ǣ˴˲ʧˡ
ɫּɲֹ˴໥׷Ų벻
һ׷˼ֵ˵׷׷ȻԸ飬׷ġ
ӵ۹΢΢ŭɫԻܴӶԷĻʹܴľѪӡиܵΡֻҪԸ⣬ֻһȡǸŮӣԼθɣ
ҵϣ޷
һѭȥӰʤѩΪ纣³ȾΨɫԼֳһĨˣ˵Ǹʧ֮С
ҡ࣬˵Ȼڣֺιʾң·ϣŴɣȥɣçײҲԹ𡭡
һǽ֮ȴ޷ԽΪ֤ǲңһͷ̼ѿ˵֪ǻ㲻֪֪
΢΢¡ӣʵ㡭֪ʲôʱͷĪһҡ˵ɫαѵ֪ԼɣСһԷκ֮ˣ¹һԵԼйء
һҪû࣬вʱ˵Ц𡪡
Ǻǣ˴ªŪ
첻ڶ̧һץɢȥӰֻһ档ΣɫζѣЦźѵӣ²һСţȥ
ֻҪܱԼ⣡˹ȥҪ֪һֱ㡢㣬ӣֲɣбǰӵһգҪͷ˺һӣȥԼıһһ䣬۹Ѫɫ߳죡ҷȻһսüӡ΢΢͹ԣаɱ
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⣬ɵ̯ơٿȻȥգ䵽һǰæתͤˮɣ˳Ʒһ˦֮˲䣬СʱһƬ֮С
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ƮƮƶڰ䣬˵ӣҼҴ֮Σ²Ϊ֮䵭һƳٶȥ
Ϊβҷ˵²ѵǴԼŵԱһðһſڽ࣬һʱ̻޴롣
ǺǣҵȺôЩ꣬ȴСȵһһЦȴɫеʧ䡣ŽֵСεֵֻӼձ㽫뿪ҪټҪȵޱɾ֮ˣѭʰǽ˼˼
Ƭ֮󣬻ͷһʧǵӣɫмҡҡͷһŵӣ綼磬ҶгзǷ֮룬ǺõɫԹ˵ͷЦ˵ƴҲ⡭
һַָµӡ΢΢ǿ궯һϢҡ
룬ʵʲ˵֪ɷҷ˵һ
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۹бĨһѵĺ룬һҡͷǰҪƴȫȻûСĹأʱѵˣˣֿ;Ӵ˴ʵùƽϣ
ǺǣΪ޼ҵӣªŰҡҡͷĵ˵ޱɾ֮У仯Լ֮գɾͨ󷽲֪ʱɽڸͬʢᣡϤӦΪʱԶˡֻؽ˵ûһһһŵͬУ룬˵˵ǻ
᣿һתеСֻȡûᣬѰӣ׿˵صԼΪ֪˴˼ת֮˹ȥȴûʧȥһأٴʧȥȣɵա
һͼԴʸֻرĶأκɵ裬˶ⶣ쳾һ·źǰһŽ֮Լ
СΪɽȴδ𻰣ʧ񡭡ʵʵһĻ֮󣬲ŷû˴Լˡ˫֣Щͷڳļơ
һĻţɶǲͤƾԼµΪԸ쾳ĸˣ̸ֺ׷ѰȥҪȡ߻ȫˣ̫ѣ
Ǻǣ㲻ԻȡӰɣ
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һ̾һĬתڿշԶ
С⣬ֻʣһˡæ𣬺Сһ

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ʱ޺۹ɫů⡣ƳӰȥķֽסһСѾͷˣһΪȴĳ̫ԺԿǸ常ɲʲôö

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常̤ƶʩ˵ʦءӷ࡭
ʦΥף̬飬˵ҸŮһ귽ط갡ʱ˿̣Ϸɷ仰
׵ʹ˵常޷
ӺЦ˳ӣ˵и֣ûĪ⡣Ϸ㣬ʦǺεȵΪ
δ˼ڴ֪
ӲΪȻһʵʦӦǸòŮӣ֪üĿΣкϲã
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ӺǺһЦһ˦䣬еر˫֣ʾȥɣʦ常ʺһ
ӹǣĬĬתƶȥһһĨɫӰʧɫͷ
Ȼԭأɫѻָյ£һ֪дŮʵΪҲ֪ߣǱڡ


956 
ŵǿ֮УƮȻԶ
û˵Ǻ֮УȻʧ
ǷŲС벻޼ңֻǼˣһЩ˼Ļ
֪ΪΣʱͷһִδйǣҡԶǻסĳ飬į˫ۡǾ仰˵Ǹǧһ˿ǣ˴˲ʧˡ
ӵؿ΢΢£ɫˮգԶǹһޡ˫УȻŨ
Ƭ֮תȥ·ո֮£ؾͷһǳΪֻۡһȦƵʹâڼƾ˼ֵء

һصֵصɽ壬˶ýסҡٲڵϣһƨóɾ߬ģǿбĿ붨ȴ
޼ŵӵĹأм뿪硣ֻҪűãһвӳ飡
͸¶ޱɾͼλӦʱ仯Ѱ٣ɾ֪֪ɾ֮գΪӵӻ޼ҵŵӣȴԵСʱԼָǺã
ӣԼҪٴμǰޱɾΨһ;ֻϧ˾ηȴ˵λȻѰȥʡȥ˲ٵ鷳
һɾóöͼһʮͼһʮͼǰһҶг֮߱ȶ֮£Ƕ򡣾֮һ
ڴʱ顪һӶǰһȻδأԿͼ˼
֮ʮԶһµЩŭСһ·Ĭصֱ֮ŲΪ裬ʻܹд
һֻ˵ǲͤұŹ㣡ȻҲĽŶ롭
ֱ߳͸ȥȴûжһҪһɫӰǰ˵ǰ˼ʦֵš޶˻ĶҪ޼ΪС
ҲŻʱҪ޼ΪУ쿴ͦŮӣŭԻЩϧҡҡͷ˵ĺƣĪСջǷǲ֣֮ǰ㲻죬ֶһ˱֮㻹Ҫƫ̻
ĺɫȻɫӣ˼۹һƳ˳ܵΣ˵ʦһŵӣ֪ͤǰ
ŭ䲻䲻ңˣһòɵŮӣŮƹ񣬾Ȼģ˵Ǹʦ֣֪ҪΪУ׶šһָĶɫֵССǰֺãĵشƵӡҿײδܵóѣҪȡᣬĲ
ĺ۹һ˵ʦֻпԣǰ¶ԣ
һʱԱ粵Щ㵵ؿŲԶŮӡ꣬ס¶Ц˵ǻ裬ԣСһ˦䣬Ȼȥ
ĺƳıӰͶһƳת£ͷŷµƬԣڷʮ䣬ôһ˼ҡɻʮأδƶԸΪū˲ᣬΪһЦգϧ
˴ĺƻתյĶɡĬĬԶ
ŮйŹ֣֮Уһ̧ͷһۣɫɻȴ⡣Ժֽе򡭡

߿֮УһԾ޴̫ԵʣԼɼܻȼղֹ͵˷籩ϯƾˣ
˴һ١ǰһǧƣƹˣȴʸ٣쳣ƵǳǲΪ֪ľ
δɣӶǰŤ֮һɫѷ졣ǰһٿȻʧһѵһɽ֮ϡ˴һԣȴ껨ݣֻһƵϸһ﷢ɧǸˣŪ鵤ҩòпݣֱˡ
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δմأỽһھֻϵˣһʦһǻš
ϸ̧ͷƣ˵ӻ䲼ȹͷЦ̬ȺͣѰũҸûڰֵ֣ĪˣѰʦȥɣ
ӱ΢Цǳ֡ǷǷӣתֱһƷȥ
ΪŵϸԹ˿ŻߵĻԣŵĵ߶ţϹæ󼺰
Ʒۣ֮һ䶴ǰ˵ɣ
ϤĻȻĪ⡣ӵͷһ̤붴δ߼æųʯ϶Ӱݵʦ
һȾ齼ΪʯͣΪš϶İŮӣ棬Ī⡣ǰĵӣ˵ΪһȥطܻתΪʦο
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Ůӳ£˵пɺãʲôˣ
СĴһаãӴ常лʦȥҴңг֮⣬ֻ׼һˣ
ŮĬȻƬ̣һ˵Ϊ֮ͽˣԶ쳾ɾͣΪʦ˼䣬ջ縺Σ򲻿и
̧۴ʦʲô塣ɫ˵۲Ϊӣʦ̻壡
ŮӺЦƽɣ˵ͣ쾳ĪˣŮƿأƾĲͨ
ɫãȻ뿪ͨƿأ
Ůû˵£Ըȥɡ
æǣ˳ȥתƷµһСɵĶ֮У˿ʦӲʾݣŹ֣ΪηǵãʦԼЯǾᡣʶйػһУŸ𡭡
ԭȵĶУŮӺ̾һ۹жЩԹ϶һһؿݻƵ͡

޼ҵĺɽ֮УһĶ֮ڣ䱾һöհ׵æš˰յĹ򣬽öͬУһӡһʮͼԺȥηһͼ֣Ųʧ·;
޼ʣǧǳʤҪ֮һǳӡסרעһ£ػΪ֮࣬һҪȥȴɫһԳ£漴ţȥ˽̧ų˶ǰȥɴΪ⡣
ʮԶФȨӴż޼ҵΧһŮӡǲǱˣȻĺƣ
ͬʱҲϿȼͻȻðһһӰеɫȻ޺ŭ桭


957 һЦ
һ˶ʵ⡣
ĺòᡢ浾ԵԵ޼ҵӵΧФȨհǰ˺֮ȴΪһŮӣ򣿼Ȼ޺ӳ죬ֵòС
һɻ֮ʱĺͻȻΧ£ֱڵɽ䲻ڵΪݷȴǲס
ФȨ׷ϣɽ˾ɵͷһ˵ֵɣ˻£û˸ԹۡǷ˵ˣһ٣Ȼػִ󺰵С٣ᱻԣҪˡλӲ֪٣治ᡣ
ʮԶ˲伴ĺ뼸׷ţգ۱㵽һԶ䱾Ա˫վԼҶǰ˫üɫȻûйȥлͷ򽥽ͻȻԼ뵽һѽõСǰûмֻʱˡ
Ͽһ޺δ֡һڵСƲķ˭ŮӾȻΧһԸסͽ
޺˴죬ɫû뿪޼ңΪ֪ӵȥ򡣻˵֪䡣δԸ֮ʱС䣬ȡȴСӡ
һ޺ӵĻţĺƵ˽ǰ಻ʮɣԷڲֻ֮ͻȻ׳һ˵ҪĻᡭ
״Զ޺ŭԭˣһԹŮɵĺ¡
ͬʱһӰĺӰŷֱһһֱ˫֡ǻһ˶ǰһƳվŶҲ
ĺɫ㵣㡭֮˲䣬ĵƲͬɫһĹâϮҳɣһԹμתֱϣͼԽɽԶȴΪʱ
顪һУļͬʱĺơֻâը飬ƬƬмĽһѪɽһͷ
һ˫üб΢΢һȴֹסһɫӰǰ䡣
ĸֽٽƣԺɢĺΧڵ䣬Աгǰ䡣ФȨȴںͷҽǰѾ쵽ĳ˵ɫơ
ĺһǰʮԶδҶ׹Ѫ쾡˪⣡ɫ԰ףǴѪдŲľ֮ɫ
һüɷ
ڴʱһֻƵĴƾն
ĺԶܣ׹ȥһɫУȴ¶һĨЦ⣬֪Ǿο
˾һסһ̾Ϣ֪ΪȴǶ㲻ȣպ󶨵ζ˵ðճ֣ˣ޼ҷĿΪСΣҪơ
һһҧϵĻᣬ漴׻壬ڼ䲻ݻ֮ʳɽ塣һѳĺƣνϮһΣһײƣתƿһԭʧȥټ
һգԶ޺ӲŭЦԳأη֪ĶˣգʧȥӰ
ФȨ뼸ŵӣһʱ֪롣ľ˲ͬɵɫࡣҿֻǰڰӣδĺƹİë
°תԶŵҡҡͷСòԸŮ˵ıµһףãתȥ
ǧ֮⣬һĺڰֳŮǰˡ֣·ççȺɽ˵֪ӲҪˣçײ²ܣǳҪΪҡ
ŰķԲƹ޼ʣȴ˵ʶ˲䡣һ˸ӲôϢ֮ˣ
ĺƽһϢ΢һ֫Ť֮⣬ǰͷ˵֮У֮˿ΪȥΪʲôԣΪһЦգϧ㻹ǾңԸӡ
Ϯˣ˿и£˼ѣһ񣬰߲
ĺƽ˵磬иɻǿѰ϶϶һ壬һǰʾšỬʵļƼΪһ̣зֺľţŷ˵ȥ籡֮У;
һ˼ץһ󡣡顱һйâһ֮ʧ˰С
ϢĹԭð޺ӵӰ˸գԾȣ˲
ת֮䣬һĺٴƿնһϿȣɽһ޴Ķڲ֪ȥ⣬ɼʿӰ˾ɿأߣɱۡ
ɿأһһе˶һЩ˼ҲܡͨԣǾǾ֮Է˵꣬һɫâѸֶˣ˫˫³ȥΪ裬ȥһ͡
ĺƿ磬ȴӦ估ʱֵѭڶȥת
ʮӰһҳɣӵһԾԵʯ֮ƣգۼѴ뵽Ǹ޴ɽ֮СַһأвܵΣ˴´붼ĺ¼ݣ˲ѴֻŨԪˮӿܵĽ֮ٴεסȥ·ͬʱʮӰβ׷
ΣͷĺƾỬֱһĲԷܣż˵²ɾʯ£Ƽ϶洦ɼѰ£߳һ·
һл֣ͫȥ˳æתҹգٽ޼ҵӡ
ĺƽżʵţĬĬǵգԼ͸ºڰâͷ漴ֱһ̾Ϣḧƽ
޺ѵһĺƲŽ뿪ĵطʶɼ˽Զֿɼȴֱһʱ׷ϣһ˫ɫмغһתݳӲͣǻǰȴͽ޹
µһһͷ£ǧѲӰڵĺڰ֮Уȴǵ㾧Ŀ˽סһ˦һССɫӰȻ桶֮仯Ϊֻɵƣܷ߲֮ɾϯһա
ĺƿʮо۹͸档˿ȴʧթǣаȿ뽾ԵƣƸѰʿżĪ߷緶֮Ƶļ϶ηķȴˮһ
ΣԽ⣬һǰͣͻȻ߳ʣȡûᣬΪҪȥС
ұ޼Һˣϡ޽˳֮Сصӽǧ֮⣬һʱʧΪáʧ֣꼰ѽĺƺϣڵǰԭίóһһǰĦţֵ޼ҵġ޽Զţ⣡ˡ
Ǻ˵ǣ޼ҵĽһͷһǰС֮δҷΪ˹ʡ˴ɱ֮ȴɭϣ뵱ɼҽƲ¡ɻΪ޼Ҳ֮أԵң
ĺƽһϣŲ˵ӸˣˣʲôͲá
һɫһ죬༥ȴǿסԷˣԪδʧȻ֮ˡһֵԶָƣ·ȴͷ֮áŵԿɿҪ·ŮڼȻ̲ǲ˼飡
ĺ΢΢һЦ˵޼ֵˡֽ⣬תһ̾˵㻹ǲҰѲɷҪȥŻҡҶǣǸ


958 ޵
µѵĽ겻͸ǡͭǽһ㵲ס˵ȥ·
һüͷת
һ·ϼ룬Сò˴˴·ڣ
޼ƣΨѰܲԭ·ذɣһʱΣݡ
һһУֻõ̹ɾ˽ǰһһʧϢ谭һ˵޼ҵɾûɡļҵףɽţ쾳
Ǭһ磬һѵľʯҫ۶Ŀűͷ̤ʵһ΢΢ȴɫһת˵ɾٶ࣬ûȻȥ·ѾЪϢƬ̣ܷ񡭡ɿ֣ǿΡе˶ǽţ޹ǵ͸ܰ㣬컶Ȼ
ĺһƳֱۣ὿ߴԹ˵Ȼްκβĺί飬ǰһίڵأһ֦ĽȶˣֵЪϢƿһδ֪ˣֺαؼء
ڰ֮Уҿɹ֮زߡЪϢԱƣȴù֮ǰľȡһԭأĬĬһǰӰ˻ųʵ쾳һɽֹ쾳δţ㷽ָ޼Ҽǰĸˡ
ĺƫתӣʵΪʿԲþ֣֮
Ƕãȴδһɫ
ĺƴЩƣǳǳһЦ˵Զŵ伮֮Уо̫֮֡ˡ̫ƽɡ̫һɾΪľ޼ҼǽɵΪ޺ӳ켰ӣ˵ľ硣֮󣬻ж桢붴ֱֳ֮ɵۡ
һйɵ۵˵治֪޼ҼȻǽɵΪǿĽ󡭡
ĺƽ˵˵ΪԪڻ¡쾳ʮꡢڸԪ֮˵ǣ
һ£ʵв֪λѴﶴ쾳Ϊ
ĺ۹һʵΪ⻹ɵ۴ڡ
ô˵ûɵۣһüһ˵ȻˣΪ쾳
ĺƶһ˵ŮҵˣǾߡ
һһתʣ֮ϣкξ֣֮
ĺζ˵ҲȻ
ΪŮӲ֪Ǳܶȴϻⷬ˵ҲԢ⣬һü΢΢ʶתϸϸܽƳܣϽ󡣴˴Ƕľͷʩչ֪ܷһ·ȫԸ֮£һнԤϣ
һеŮġ޽Ϊ޼ط߲ܡƪ࣬෨ķƽ֮ǣн֮мַ·ȴҪǳࡣǵǸī˵īŵĽ򡭡
ĺأںڰţȴĳ˵˼ָơ˵ûǧĿ๦޽㻹Ը޼Ұɡ
һֱн֮ꡣá޽Ӧ·ĺƽԼ޼ҵĵӣŻдһ˵һǰɣ̧ͷʵΪҪԸ޼ң޽⡭
ĺƵЦɴŵÿɷ˵ɷЪϢգȥҪӳ硭Ȼָ˵Һˣ漴˫ۣԹɵϢ侲֮УųĶׯ
һ˷ѽŮӣҡҡͷһòɵŮӣһСһѽšĳ֪֮һƶɶ˻ִţһһ⣬ͼʲô
ʱ֮δ׷һǶӰվšţ֮أһ˫ŮϥұϢԣʵЩԽĥеġ޽
īŵнΪɱơֽɱ֮ܡһе֣һ֪⡣лͫͨ˿ƽƵġֲ֮ͬգһֱæΪĴ㽫Ҹһԡʶˡ޽֪֮б
޽ƣ磬һʽͨءѷǼ򵥵ɱ֮󣬶ǿصĴ֮ͨνתƣƸֻ̧֮꣬䡣ɽ£Ǹʩչġɱ֮ԡ޽Զɷͨɼһߣ
硶޽ھԣһʽͨءнŸǧջһʽԶɷ޵֮ܣ˷̫ʼ֮ʩչ
̶̵ʱһԡ޽˳Ե֪Ҳ˵һʽ޵ĶѣǸ׼ҵ죬޶޹ԼҪһˣǰΪȻŮӵû˵
һ߬򣬲ɵõͷǰ
ĺƴӾۣ仹ɫ԰ףƣ֮ɫѼࡣⲨ˵δãԼӳֳַ֮ƽΣ
һɫ΢㵣ͷڡÿÿ룬㱻ŮһԵơйʾԴкβͬԿž޽ؽ°빦ʦͽഫ಻˰ɡ
ĺ赭дֵ˶㣬кι˼أһɫڣȻһЦЩļį˵ţˣĪˣҲҡվѵд²СڣڼѶϡ
޴⣬һֻÿŮʩΪֻ裬˫ֻ־˵֮ӦýзǧƷȴ䲻ڣسת֮֮Կʩչɱֻ֮Ϊƽ
ʿʶǿ󣬽йĿ֮ܡӦȨһֻøĹĦѧнʱǿʹһ׽־
ĺƼһרעпԵϬ޼䡭Էһ٣ӯӯһЦ˹һԣһھʾʦ֣һԡ
һ˵ԽĺǰԽٷһһʶ£漴ӳַٴηɿڰѸһâٿȻȥűǼ죬ǰĽѳһ϶
״ĺ£Ȼʦ֣˷С
һ죬죬âɳĽѷѰ϶ǰ編ơĺƻ棬ûЦ⣬Ȼ˵ģ
һĹһ֮ͣͫУĽٲȻ˾ͷһơųһɵɫͷһۣѶԷڼ
ĺ׻⣬ǣǿһЦ
һδ룬ӰӶȭ͵ǰȥ䡪һ죬ƶʱѳһߴСӣӿէйܺڰ˲価ȥ
Ҳ
һкһָץĺƣһǻڴ˳ȥ֮䣬ͻȻɢȥͷһæڿնȴȥһͣЦСѵȺʱˡ


959 
޼Һɽɽǰһĺδʮɣ㱻˫˫סΡʮ޼ҵӣɱ޺ӣԼֵ졣
˺ðգδԶȥ˶磬һͷſ
䶸һ˲䣬һѱסֽŶöļ֮⣬ĺͬΡЦһֻĴһΪɱٿȻ
򣬱ڼ޳ϵĺ³֪һ˲ö룬Ӱ֣񱩵Ȼ͵ػζӷһƱѳ˼϶֮ɲǣΪǿƻȻһѸûʱƲɵ
һͷһƾ豾Ϊ쾳˵Ķ֡ȻϮ֮£û˻֮伱æ߶ܡ׻סȫ߶ѽơǴΪĻ澹ǳ쳣ƵԪֻ˷
޺ҪɱԼǿɶһ˿ڣҪһɷ׻֮࿹ȴá顪һ죬ܽƾ˽ӡ
һδ룬ûԶݡ֮ʣһ
ֻĺƣȻʩչȫһŽԼֱ޺ӵĴֽץסŮӷľУǴѪ԰׵¶ȻһЦͺΪһЦգϧң𡭡仰δ䣬ûڻ֮У˲仯ΪС
ˣһԾĪһǿķȻϮתܣȴɫƵصסȥ·ͬʱܵ޼ҵʩչֻٴαƽ
һɫʱͻȻһӦ顣֮˲䣬һâԭʧӰ
챾֣ȴΪĺ֮еϧ˲簡СӻţŮӣΪˣ֡˵ڳû侮ʯй˽ߣ˭ת֮䣬ûˡ
޼Һɽɽǰ꣬޺һʮӰٿȻ˰޼һȻ˶ߣԸ⣬ȴ΢΢һЦתֱǿա

޼ջͥԺɡ
󣬻ɶ´˯Ůһԣæ߻ڴʱһͷ˶
Ǽͷ֮УһλĻʿȻڴʱͻйâʱ˫ۡڵĽ䴦һλɷˣ䲻ᡣִ̧ӵץһʯӣתʧ
ͥԺĻ£ɶƲʲô˯ͷһֿۣ˿ԵԷͷҲ̧ĬĬϥͷϵϸߣƶ֮ʧ
ǺǣλƵɳ
ɶ˵һ䣬ִеЦϡʮӰڿջϷٿһ̶ֱȥ

ˮķ֮֮вֵһᡣΣͷδزӦ֮дϢ֮ת㣬һջԤķӳΧ֮ǰΨй¶ݣŽֵܵȦڿͷʱ˳ȡء
޼޼ҵĺɽ֮Զǿнһҵƿռݣ˲æ֮δȥһ׹ӭͷҪȻˣ
䡪
ǿ֮У֮ͣ޼᲻֮񣬻пŭΰ֮ƣԺݺһϡܡ顱ѣסӰס£ǳԽסһԴб˳ȥֱʮ֮⣬ǱֹסΣϢ꣬գ֮䣬ʮӰѽǰΧס
һڼη׷ŵһ֪׷ȻбᲢۡйħٹȵʮſδشֻų̶ݻѨ
ף׷ֲ֮øСƴʲһ֮һΡ
һվˣɫࡣסȥ·ģȻ졣޺ӴʮӷķԼ·ӡ̧ͷȥһǳ
ͽɽţûٽأʱ
һֱ̬ͦ޼ҵǿƣһ÷飬޺˵Ҳ޼Һɽ̻գǸûͬ޼ҵӣݵó衭仰δ˵꣬˼ЦǺǣû֪ͬļ
޺ӵһ˫߳һС޼ҵջ֪ηǼŮӣһ
һɫϸˣص˵ͷ˵Ȼˣӵ͵תֵ죡㲢޼֮ˣȴΪУҼˣƱؼӱն˶ڣ֪ɸһƴ
΢΢һ漴мҡҡͷһСΧѱ̸ƴ°ϵĵ룬ָ˵ϽһΪ飬Ρ
һδ𻰣Զ޺ߵߣ֮Ⱦָ֣
һЦ˵ҵˣ޳϶ӺǻмӣĸŮ֡
޺ӵɫѿ߳ݵúӺ޸ϵ
֪ʧԣæͷһתֵ޳ʼղϸ֪䣬ĳҪ軭Խ˼֮࣬Ǻǣ
޺Ӳͷ˵ںηΨ϶һԹǡһ˦ǰʱһֻɲ֡תһֵͽ
϶ˣʮ޼ҵӸʩչֻⷽǿգؽӣ
ǻζ޺ӷŵĻϵЦ׽
޼ҵĶ˴ǰ󲻹ϢĹǾءһĪ֮ʣɱڶһ·в³ݳɣָ̧üĵӡǣ׿ʡüͻȻһһâ漴õӰƿնѸ뱾Ϊһ壬
ϹۣѰ˼һֵñˣͻȻΪ֮ȻСӵйĹâʧΪȴڼڡڡڣֱԲ漴ֱǳĪɢƣɡħ֮ΪĺѲλصĸˡ
޺ʹɱ֣б䣬ʧ߳Ǻˡ
вգһҲһͦأǳ̬аһƲֵţ㲻ɱ޹ڲʲ塭䲻ԸծԸǷһµĺƵİ˳ƣȴݸġ޺ӲɱǸŮӡҡ𣡿Ƽ򵥵һ仰ȴƴɽ͸


960 ˴ʧ
޺ӻδ˵޼ҵļ಻Ұǿգһ뵽һ֮УΨ׷Ʈŵģŭɱ
һòˣǱ޼֮ãӵĻ᲻˵Χ֮ȻţƽղǱļˣ޷Ӵ˽٣ΪΣλ쾳ĸˣᱻ׷Χǰƣֿԣ
޺ӳһӣ־Ȼʧ
״ʮ޼ҵɢ˰֮⣬ʩչĽ
˾ʹûֵ¡żֽȥȴصסһȥ·
һֳյǸͽй֮ͷΪ֮һᣡ
ħɣֺħأԸҲʧҷһأ
ţ޼ΪУκơһʹȴӦһ٣ͻȻԭʧȥӰ
ڴʱ޺˸ݵ˫һץΪ֮һ䣬ʮ﷽Բ֮ͻ𺣡źЦ޼ΪУƾҲ䡭䷨߶졣һձѣֻһջΪУ
ǰ˵ͨȻͬ죡޼ҵӣ⣬ȴסķΨѡ
㵽ԶһŻеĶһµؿ޺ʩչֶΣСӵΪΣ̱
䡪
˲䣬֮ͻȻһһʮɵĺɫ޸Ȼǳĺɫ棬ɽѰ͵޺ӡһӰֳɣɷ棬һȭ顢顱Ӱƿճɷ磬ХǰƲɵ
һ׳ƻ𺣣óΪ⡣Ǿ޸죬СȭӰ׺쳣
޺ӵɫһеҵ˫ӶȻ漴𣬻һĻǽǿ֮УεΪ׳ۡ
һڿУȥƲͣҧгݣž޸Ӱ͵سǵبǽ
䡪һľ֮УʮĻǽȻɢ޸Ӱ֮ʧȴŭϯȥƾˣ
һܣ޺Ծ㵣ȻܣæǰȴһһɷϮɫ䣬æе죡ųڣŮѡ顱һµ˳ȥ
޼ҵӣԭءͬվδĿȻ
һԽ𺣶޺ӱ˹ȥԷǱ֮гݺݵһۣ漴ղӰҪ׷ϣȴȻͣͷ̶תԶ졣
ĪѪɫ⿴˹סͷһ漴ʼͷ¡𺣽ȥһȻĿ
һһƲа飬̧ǰһ̤ǿһŤйâӰ֮޼ҵĵߣȴ޲ߣֻ̾
켱æԶǧ֮ȻӰɵó£ҡͷѡСӵķΪ˾磬ʩչͨʤһһˣǺǱ޼ҵ⣬ĪԼһޡ
ǿ֮Уδɢһλð˳ų룬ɫɻ
ˣܵ޼ҵæңңʩݼ
캬Цӭȥк޵ѡԷ޼ҵĳӣȻһ
ӳʾ⣬δ𻰣ŭ죡㡭ʲΪԹۡ
֮⣬޺ͷɫ壬δ˵꾹ſһѪΪǱ
ü˵ʦã֪һвŪģ
ЩС£˹ʡ޺Ʋأȴ߽ӡӣŭΪҪȥĪйᡭ
Ц£Ϊѵ˵޼֮£˲ְĳΪ޳вһסһתӣǸȻֵ̻Ѿãдţʢձȥ
ɫ΢֮ǰΪϵĶδϡʿڶ࣬żִҲѰ˭޺ӾȻˣ֪ͬСɡ׷֮Ȼ벻֪ȥ򡭡
޺һɣ߳ʲô֣ǰΪӣһֱƤŲߣһͬ׷һ˴ȴڽҪͷװģ治Ǹ
ܻʵͷۣɫΣô⼸䣬ͻȻʵ˽һ
첢δ𻰣Щؿӡ
޺Ӵ˿˵Գһ
Ӳɫֽϣתʮ죬˵׵ѼȻҪȥ޼²һ·˳硭
˵ȥĻóȥˮˣ֮£ֻù֣ЦǺǣˣ˵ͷʾ£תǿԶ
޺Ź֣ȴڤ粻֮ˡӾֹΣȻ⡣ԸǸȥ֮ŴżɻʵϵǸһ
ǿ֮Уֻʣ޼ҵλϡ
ӿ޺ӣҡҡͷ⣬һˣղٶľʧ˪ݣ޶ϣ˿ղʮأ˵Ĺ¶ȴǧꡢ֮á
ߣ޻˵ʧ㡭޺һ仰ƱҪˡ
Ӳδ˵ʦãˣͷ˵޷
ߣΪδӷ˵ңһʱˡ޺һɣΪͷ˵ǹšԸߣȴһʱʧ㶪Ĩ档
ҲҵŵӶΪʿݬ⡭ӳ£ԳЦЦ˵޼ҼΪãҲֲʦõͷϣδϵһҪҵˣ˺ɽ֮Уǹ˴ʧˡ
˭ҸΪС޺һ漴ɫҪǸһȻ޼ԺǷǶࡣ
Ƿͬһδ֪ҽ֪˵ӵʾ
޺룬˵ǰ޼š䵱ʱֻΪɽ¶ˮҲ֡ӷ֮ʣСȥΪйִ
˴޺óҩ£˿˵һŮദߥ޶ԷȡӵĻᣬɴ·ӳ磬׷˭ͻȻħ壬Ϊǣͨ죬ҵȥ
ԣӵ˵ͷ֮Умָд˵ͨ죬ǶݷǼΪĺ˼ħ壬Ǳ޼ҵıǱɡһޣòᣬͨǿ󣬴һǽˣ˭


961 
˵壬ԶȣСһƮһ֮Сŵģһ޴ǣĺǲ࣬ɽݺᣬӺһ

һһʯͷϣ̧ͷֿ꣬еͼȻ˼
ȫʩΪ֮£ǿ̤С벽ѣԸ뿪ȴ֮ԶԵƣؾ֮ɴ˿ɼһߣ
֮һܡڵƬطС͹ƽһѰĺǰˣЪ֮ãȴɾһָδȥ
һ뵽˴ɵñ˫۳̾һоʧ䣡
걻뿪˺һ˼ΪΪĲһԼء֮ȥӻ볾ӣңѰ֮Уݡ̣䵽˺δ
һʣûй׳־ҪΪ򵥣ԭϵֻӥз޾ڣӣ
ʱգȻҴҶȣ
У׷ǱΪͷãȻ
Ѹ˵Ψǿߣſɳ֮ϡԼδǿ󣬵ǵֽӦӲϾƣӦòѰȴðһĺơ
ңŮǰһ仰Լ޼ΪУӶϾӵӾŮƹվƣٵʦãԼһĪ˲ܲΪ֮䱸ĩΣǷʤһ֮жпԣ
飬ҪĻᣬġ޽Դ̣Ȼ޶ԣҪٸһԶӣҡ
һŮ֯һ壬˿ѣ
˶õ̫࣬ȴע޷ֻܱδծԷɱ޺ӣȻԺľڴˣɵǰ
һ˫ۣסֳһ
ĺƹǸӣĳеĶԲסˣ޺ӣֲһ¶ĿǷڱ𣬻Եɣ
ֻѰ޼һǿ֣Ǹ߿ĳˣ¿Ƶˮ©ѵĺһ裬ĳҰɣĪˣˮеζᣡνԾƽԵֻ̫ڽľ
һֽϽ«ĬĬų
ⱦ«ݵİٲƺһΪطࡣнȻֱװصơƣ֮
ʧȥĲУµģԭӲźã
һ«һڣüʶ˼
˵Ҫޱɾ䲻֪ɾ뿪ʱգĳ˾ط
⣬ǵúй紫ıޱɾԹϵԶĴС߼ȻĳԵ֮صһУȾָ
ޱɾ־ڱУ
޼ǿΣڶһٿǷʲôģ
һֹ˿ھƣ̧ͷİйâ
ͼʾ̫ңԶҪƾΪ¡ȻǰѰôǰڵĻҵū֮ٷغ졭
˰գһ˼ƽϣͷ࣬Ķ
Ȧ֮УֵٲĴάһֱʵʵšȥƾһڡ
ʩչؾ֮ʣԼ֮Уһ˿ٴʧһصľһٵġֻаٲݽټһνġ̫֮ǡս
һϽ«̧üĵӡǡ
ħԲǺɡϣԶԶһ󲽡һΪѴļ£Խ֮ơʵοʩչؾ֮޵ľܣҵѵȻ޴棬в֪֮к
һźǣħȻûħӡеӡһȻǰĽ֮УɱǸ޺δ֪˾ĸˣǴͨʵһ㣡ʱ޼иָԼҴ⣬ֻôҴȥ֮ͷ˼ֵ
һվĬĬԶǿա꣬漴һ⡭

һɸߵʯɽ֮ϣһʯ͵Ĵӡǰʯס·ɽϣɫɫʿһɫ˽нŷйͷĲ졣
һʯϵȺ֮ʣֹסʮģһĨףòʶƬ֮߳ȺɽϣԾĿĹˣɫȻʧ
ɰĽǰѲ˷Ӱһ˲ǡ羪ӰͷǿϧһԵְ
󷨺ʱ
ҵȻҪػ죬ѵա
ȥʱǸͷ
ȹµĳ˵
ٻѰް
һ˵ĴϤرգĵù
ܳεҡҡͷһĬĬȺţǻѡ

֮Уһ£ǰСȥΪﻹһöõͼɻ󲻽⡣
֮һɽֻ˵صĴȥԱǰἰĻֻѰū̷غ졣Ȼ޼ңֶĪıСΪϣ
³ϣһҵ󣬽ʱرգԭ֮£ٴαһطɹǼĴ󷨾ΪУټ֮಻ȵ崦
չһһСɽСϷͷϵͼʾ˴Ӧһɴ졣ڿסΣͷһʯɽϵʯݴδ룬һȥ
һ˫δŵأʯǰһȺʿѴжΪΪʮС״ҡͷ˵ǰ£ѵһ·ͨˣȥѯһԵƽϡ
˴עĿ⡣Ǹɫ㵣漴ּӶһңæԽȺ
һδȺʿֱʯݵʯ֮ǰȥѰ󷨵ʿʻȴֽŲһתһϤӰ˹ϴ־ϲмֲ˼飬ԶأѾ˫кֵѣ㡭
һŲæر˫֣üһһ֣дЩĺ棬صڷ硭ʦڣ°̧תĹˣ۹â
λ۵ӣȻλˣŵĴڷ硣ɴ˿֪һֱڵԼѰңԶĽֻһʱһʱĳ˻ȥǼϼһ鷳أ⵹ˡ


962 
ھɽ²ԶһطڷҴͣ½ŲתʩһֹǫдųĪϲٲ˵ļƣ
һɻ󣬻Ǹ˹ŽŲˮһԲСܲӵ˵ӰڷԶܵ˴֮֮Զ˵ΪĳСţ
һ̬ưڷ⡣ֱпǧ˵ΪѰֵѣҿڽ㱼ʮ갡Ϊͽ޹žʹ˻ת˭ϲ첻ˡ
ʮꣿ˵뿪ѹȥʮꡭһüͷӹ׷ɱ֮󣬱һͷޣȴ¡ô˵ǰѷֿ˽ꣿ볾ӿɱʲôźá
ڷһæ뿪죬ѽʮ꣡˵ţִԷһۡλǴǰģȴΪĴݵ׽
һɫص˵ͷ˵㵹డʦ˵ĳûձ㽫Űݷá
ʲôݷãҪѰأڷɫЩ࣬Ǹ˵ʦֵѲ޶⣬йУȴһʱçײᡭ
һһת˵ţ޶ɱҾͬʦü䣬۹ѣΪѰĳ˵䣬Ӻ׷˽⡭һ٣ֵ֣˸ж㰡
ڷ簵ҡͷԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣡҪǰӣҪһˣ
ʮı࣬Լʧȥ˸˼ֵĳƽͣǻ۹Ҫ㳰ܲסˣ
ڷЩľ̬ӺЦ˵Ǻǣɻ˵ѲڣʦӣΪԸǸšĺյĸ뿺ĳԪӣҺֽ˴أҿѰ㣬Ϊһ֮˽£תֵЩɼʦ˵źá
һ׿ڷ硣ԷвαЩʵԵβˣ
ڷѱҺȡޣΪš
һƬ̣ǰɵøֳһթƻķӰ˫üһչʵŵǳӡ
ڷҡҡͷȴǰ˿ʦȫȻƾԼ粻֮࣬Ǵ˷Ҫͽ޹Էɫɻæǰŵ֪ŲʦִֵɽţȴΪϵĳܡ
һ漴׺ǺһЦĿݣһйʵͷ죡թǣأǳӵıɫ
꣬һѡţȶĽĿʹ˹ڻ٣̤Ʒ嫡
ڷ֪һӵԨԴȴԵɣ˵Ҫ⡣λȴȻ෴
ԵλĺաֽΪĳ˰ɡһɴŵЦݣǹڡɫ죬ڷ粻ǾʵԪλǰһҪֵһ⣬ʦʡ˼˵ֵ˺ʿв֮Žһе˲֡
һ鷳ϵˣһǸӵǵǲСһʵƣ磡ʦðķգͼʲô
ڷЦЦɫ࣬صһͼϵıͼֻΪһ⣬ֻյһַָ˵˼ʦԭǼ٣˻Լ
һΣŻȥƣһʣѰһ֮ãΪ˴仰
ڷæҡͷ˵д⣬мʦ緵غ졭
һŶ۹ӡ
ڷ˵ϤԪλǰǰ⡣ʦΨֶ㲻Ȱʱرܣ֦ڡ
һ΢΢Цĳ˵ĴѴ˽⣿ӽԼĶֻ֣λ޼ңеѬ֮ͽ
ڷڰ֣ʾԷҪŭֵѰ㲻ãҪתδϵ˼ɽⳡżʵҡ
һÿɷʼͷתһ۲ԶȺʵȥڵĴ󷨲δرգΪεȺڴ˶ȥ
˶ӵ顣ȻֵѣһͬȥڷȻһЦ
ǰλǽթ֮˵Ļһ֡ݵһľţ˸ת֮ԺΣغƽϲ١ڴҪǰ죬ʹ˸ǰɣ
촫󷨲ͨڷ绰δ˵꣬ת˵ãұֵѵȺȥ
һףЦЦ۹Ȼˡ
ڷûɵĵһţʧ˵ҲǲֵѣǡԷΪɫһЩΪ˵粻ʵ棬ֵңˡ£ѹɤֵǰ˴;Уһӣòޣºͣ˴ĳƽĪҪȡЦ
һȻҡͷ
ڷڴ˵һĵŮӣٴط꣬ǻȥԷгУóȻ¡֮£ֻٿһۡԵҽӵģļοƽ
һмŷػ죬·ͨѰõļ󷨽޶ͽͱȻѣΨʧֻȥڷûյĳȣûʧֵԸǰȥδٴηء
ˣһ飬֪Ļ䡢صܰ˻˼Լ繲㯣ضģɷԳһֻʿΪ־֮гж԰ߡνԵһֺ쳾ڷѰԼᣬֺȡЦ֮˵أֻŮȻȥԻȺ󷨿ֺ뷵ء
һתԶʯɽʯǰɡе󷨻ûж֪ҪȵʲôʱǰȥѯһȥЪգãĴڷԻζѣūֺԢⲻ֮£Ϊū͡
˵һ顭һȻת۹͡
䲻ڷһ˺һε߶˼䣬ֵ֣ŮӣᾪΪˡ
ߣㆪ£βǰȥѰһֹסԷ
ڷ΢㵣תɫ˵ҲǷ٬֮Ϊ
װģȥѰŮӡһ˵̤ն
أ򲻿Ρڷ缱æȰ衣Էˣգѷɵϡͷ̤ʵ࣬ȴĵǡ䲻룬Ҵ׷ȥȻ˵Ӳ


963 
ֵѣһʮأΪɲ⣡ǷԲ

ǺǣĴ԰ΪڵС֮

֮ңˡ

ʵʮν󳤼ʶߴ׼޵޼ңΪǿӴϯвãΪ߼ҵ󡭡

ǰ洦ɼȴɵĸ֣ǿ֮֮ޣѹּʦΪ˹ڻ

ѭа꣬ޱɾɿԸ˴εɾ֮Уҽڸն񡭡

ūһˣ뿪˼ɽ򲻹աֻһ·׷ȥѰٷ١

һһ֮ǽʦʵڷãԷǵ֮ҪȥѰλӣЩ֮ϲλֵѳӲ֪˻ڵһ·棬ŽȴòӦͣǲΪȻ㣬ȨֲյĹʧɣ
ʱۣ֮һȴǻֹסȥơһʶѴ徳ļ¡ǧ֮ڣȻڷ˵ǸӰǰȥһ޼ʵĴ󺣡·һɽ򣬴ʵޱɾ֮գмҿԳС
ڷ絽һĽǰڴ˼ҡЦŰڰ֣˵ֻнڰ˼ҵʮλͬǰɾҺΨʦµ˶ѡ۹·ɽͬûмǸӰһȻ԰ɴǰһ󡭡ȥ˱𴦲ɣ
򲻶ļǼʴ󷨣ɢأ˴ﲻȡһһ飬Ҫһۡټһ֮УȥѰһŮӣ룡
ڷȻɫоʧ䡣ȼϲãʱˮԵڲһȴʧת˲䡭
Ƿ񻹼ǵŮӵòӡҡ
ȻǵáֻڷŸм鿴һѵ˵ԵԵˣɵ飻Ƽˮֻ꣬̾Ⱦ࡭
£һſڴ϶Էݿܵһֻ֡
ԭûԵڷһΪ裬ǰοһöհ׵Լӡ漴˹ȥ˵²˳ٰҵȸ¡
һӹԼӲ鿴ɵüͷδ룬תֱ·ɽȥ
ƽ޹ʵްΥ֮УԴڷ˵⻹ͷһءڿУʧҲ

һɽǰһŮˡе󼸲һȰ˵ʲôһɫһŮӽ³ЩͷʱߴҪǰ
ʦãһʱԻתûʹѰһͯʦ˵ġ桯лԵδ֪ɴء˵λӣһǳɫۣʮģСӣڵΪòӢ˵ֻŴʦͷǡŮҵС⣬ʦʲôأͯΪ޷
Ǻǣͯĳӷ׼Ի֪ǰĴɽһĪ֮ڡ󣬱伮ӦԶµ֮أ档жŴ棬񣬾Сɰͯĳ˷;ȴλĸͶԵų͵λԳͯĳͯλ˫ݵĸӡΪԵλͬ£Ϊڣò޼Ǿֵͬܡ
ͯﻰδ䣬һ˳˵磡ݵԣҵȥǡ
λֵͯ糤һģһȴ׶Աꡣ
˵ǣҽŸ·ҪһλԹߣͯ롣λֳվһɫоǲм˾ΪһƵӣŵҲ룬мͬͬ˵ļơ
ŮɫɡСɵΪʮģǼ̣ͦ˫ˮ֬񣬿νòˣ˴֮ͷв֮Уʶͣ˽Ųʦȴĳԣʦˣת׿һԵߣɫѯ
Ϊһߣ뷢Ұף絶̣֣غΨżֲڵΪ˷ϵʦǰŮӵĳ£˵ֵͯԲҵȲǰȥһ̽ԶŴ棬ԱûֻԵˡһ۹һԵĵϣֵūϷʦΪʦֵܣչʦͽȫıǡ
ǰһһظе˵ʦãһΪұ㲻뿪벽ί
ŮūӼԦۣò׵˻
ӵΪ̫ãٽһ㽫ūиԭཻһλʦ֣ԱλʦΪظȴã˽ءӷ϶ūһģȫ۶Էէز죬߶ҪСѾͷߣ˳˵ӵĺ¶˽Ѱҩãȴʵ
ڻʮ䣬ūһӦŷϵľһѰ츳֮£вͬڳ˵Ľ׵ĳڡµӲùŮᣡֻʦδأʦ䲻ͽκΣ
ѰҴ󷵻ص;Уżͯҵֵܣһջ֮£ʦʦֽԶѰ̽ͷūΪѡǶʦͽתͯҵֵܣ̾һɼص˵ͷ
Ƭ֮һ˽ż·
ǰɽֵܴͯ·ֻܸںСūһ˫´ţһԵĿʵʦΪѽ
ӱ˫ְǰƮƮгȡĿбӵػصΪͬԪ಻һ¡ΪˣΪޣǻеɵһաʴˣİ֮أΪ档˵ڵ伮֮УĿá
䣬ֻزɷͬǰź벻һľʣū׵лɫ˼ʱе伮ȴΪȱȫʹ˵۹ʶȱ֮ؿ࣬ͷȴû˴ǰ밲ʣʱʱʦʦΪͽΪͣū׷棡в֪ʱطꡭ
ϿȾӰתʦܵ˵˵Ԫ޲ʮʮ꣬浽޵һգΪѰһǷҵ
Ŀǰȴһָǰָǰת˫֣еĸ˷緶
ϻ⣬ǺһЦ
ŵĶֵܻͯ񣬸¶ĪЦݡ
һˣΨūˮ۹ɫΪһĺˣΣΪֱˣԷ˵סԸݡ


964 
һ˷˰գͣ
ǰʮԶɽƵɽȶȻݣΪһ׵ĴӣΪïܴڸǶβϵİ֮Уһ㵭żֺ⣬ɷԹ죡
ǺǣûʶԻ֮Ϊӹͯĳ෽֪˵ɹ֮󣬻ǾòɢԳɺסɴѰٶȥһջ񣡡
ͯλֵܷ˵ţɤͦЦɽл첻飬˼ǰ
ֵܵĻǲ٣ףϻʦɫڴ
ɢʶԶûʲôá˼Ƭ̣ǸĪص˵ͷν棬ֻڵ伮֮УᱻѰͯϴ˵ΪƾϲʹȻȨŵһ⣬˵лԵ콵أСҰػģؽʳ
ֵͯٽǰǷӣϲæūкʦãΪ֣ҡ˵ţʦӶǰ
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ⲻ棬ȴʤ棡ֻƿȡ˵Ǭ估֮ʤɷ౦ﾡ鼺Уյ;ĺ£©Ȼлˡ
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Ȼͯҵ϶Ѷס·ϴͯǵЦǺǣֵܺȴ⣬ɹֲñˡ
ϲҶ룬æгһѷɽͯҵϴŭʦųڣȻʧ㡭ΪʱŷͯҵϴֵܵΪѴΪ˺ڡ
ͯҵϴмؿƵķϣΣȲǰҵȲں󡭡
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㲻ıѾáͯﲻΪȻҡҡͷ䣬ȴɣȻй˼ɡƳ۲֪ū뷽ϣתܻĿ˵ν棬Ի֮ڣȴ׶ţΪһͬŵʦϤֻѰ˴һһ޶³ֻعһЦֵټλֵٴǰ;ſڵ˴˵صأͼֻʱˡ
ΪΪʳΪʿⲻ̰ͷԷΪԼΪлɳöԸϵܹ˭أڲֻͷԳ֡
˵ūԣ̻ĹˡѨʯΪƣסʶ˶ݷȥ·Ψһ·ѱͯҵֵܶסѱ˲࣬æͯﹰĵǰ޳Թ̧֣
ͯ˫հݣݿݣЦͬҹɰɭλֵܻ˸תϷŰһأŮӣɣ
ǺǣҴ翴òɵŮӡͯҵֵͣǵʱⱳͼ
ͷһæлԵū˫Ŀ΢أȴǴͷһ̾Ϣ


965 ʦͽط
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ɱһҲˡ֫һ㺮˪ʴȫ֫ٺֵѪɫ۴͵ɫУ͸ż͵Ŀֻ֮⣬ǰӰѼį̫ãԹ̫ãʱҪƱκһڿĶ֡
Ϲ˲ʦʦã·ֵͯԭɫơæʾ⣬Ͼĵ̬ԷΪ۹ϷɫŨ
ͯҵϴǺһЦ᷽ϵġ·ѶĿӣֵתԶǸ˵Ӱͷסһ¾յĿ⡣СŮʵòʹΪ檣ɵ˼컵ǲǡ
һµūƮڶѨһ磬ӰԹ㡣ʦʦ֮⣬û˻ὫūϡֻǶʦͽ̰꼰ʵζֱе˽ᣬûʲôͬ
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Ͼ첻̼֮УͯϴԼֻó·ֵܿధ˭е϶ͯЦҴ㣬ֵܿû˵㡭ͯһڣ̰Ϊʿأ©
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ӵӰȻֻһѪɢ˲ַɵ˼֮ٿһˣʿȻ֮תۼ䱬תֱɵһɶ
ĻսսŵԳ֡ͻȻ͵˻һſ⣬ֱֱȡֵͯܡ֮Ҫƴ·ӡ
ڵΪǺڵĵ֡˵ͯҵ϶δֵӶǰʱѿһɫķ϶˲ѽ¶ϮĽû
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һŮӣһڵСλǰǰѣ쿪һŮӣеĺԼκһԲʿһþսĸ֪֡ū㲻ٻ⡣ײѪȣѳֵͯԼ֮󡣴߳ˣѰ
⧲֮£ͯͯЩæҡ˲Žסөҷɰǹ⣬ǰаɫĹâһšŮӾȻһˣ϶붴ѨϷʯ֮С
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ת˲֮䣬ūóŷϵʱ֮Се飬εضֻľһ߷϶ɾʹ˰ΣزʮɣǿķϮ
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һֲסȥ亱еˣͯϧ֮ʣ漴ֲԡǰӰʧ٣ȴѪδƬҵǺǣСŮӵķ׷
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֮⣬ġѪһڣ㬻ͷһۣæʱɽȶȥ
ǰȥԶеķȻһ١ͷȥĿȻ
·ɽ֮УһӰū˭ˣɫ԰ףǴѪΪ仹һء
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ͯҵֵӣͬʱԶĶһʱβ˻񣬲Ųæ׷ӭȥ
ɫ죬ū̧ͷȥɲǣ΢΢ҡ¡ŵҧ촽еˮתԽϤĻɫӰ

һŴڷӡѰɽϵĴɾ֮󣬿󷨵ʿ֪޲ԡòŮӣ⡣ͼеŮӲδ뿪򣬶ǽ˵ص󷨣λһȥ˱𴦡
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һʶǿ󣬻Ǿ쵽ĳص쳣ŴڷɽʱӰ̳֡
ǽ˶飬δңͷһ
ֵѰֵѡūĳлˡ
ڷ֮ʣϳǰɽеūӣ벻طԵ֡жֵѵĹŵȳԺɲˡæصлǰȥʦֽԼǡʱԶӾǺǰΪϡ
ڷӭ˱ūæңң֣вʧͣЦдĪĹУ˵ū񣿡˵ţɫãȻķϵ˵ͷֲ޽䱸Զ˵һһ
ūδӦӯֱǰڷһңػѡδϵأҿʱˣȻĴһ콵Եְ
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ڷʧ̬ȴ΢΢ȻӲδȻת׿ȥһֻŮδȥտ°ݣżίʵʦԶĳˣԱ˫֣ۺů⡭


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ڷûѪȵĳ棬û뵽һ߻һ֡񲻾Ǵе壿ͬźΪײҰʹ
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һһƲбǰɵ˵ΪơΪԸС˴򽻵ԸαΪ顣֮òȻΪڲ֮ʱڡ
׳Ԫ֮δڷˣס˸䡣˰Σں򲢷ǺСĿãȴһܡĻӵʦ֡
ڷ翴ū⡣ӵɫÿѲŭԼĶ죿
Ҳ˵ڷڻûʧԶֵͯڳ˲Ϊǣȴа֣˺ˡԪ׳ֻкڵΪȴ׺쳣Сӵؾй¶ȥ¸Ǻá
һ˵̧ʾⴾڷū˺̤ǰԶֵͯʢ˵˵ҵߣ·һ
Ҫλǰ֣̲ʿɶֹڷ룬ȴٲҷϻæгɽūԡԷǲһֻۣ˶Ǹ˵ıӰ
ͯҵֵԳɲѰǸеͯЦһλѣΪ֮սʤֵˣ·һǺǣΡ
ɽ֮Уһ̤ͥŲ硣ԳЦ˵ɱˣ練ơ˴ɣһ٣˫ѪɫɭȻֵģΪūǧ꣬һ
ͯԾȤתңҡͷ˵Բѡ϶ͯͯΪȻԸŶЦ˼
ͬʱһȵ׳׳ҶסܡһˣϳͲһӰһܶһգۻһ׶׳ת˲֮䱼ǧ֮⣬ǰ׳ֿסֵͯܵ·
һֵ̣ܷͯΧɽ֮ת
״ԶԶ㿪ĴڷסһȻֵԭбֲʮ㡭
ʦʹӣһ֮նɱˡ
˵ڷ缱æתūĿǰˣ񾲵̬֮ɫȻʵ˵λǰֵѵʹӣεΪɱĸˣˣΪΡ
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һһ٣һĿĹâȻǵصɱ֮Ӱһšڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣӶȭһצѱ۶ȥգ۱ײϮķ
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һԻ˿ǰкŨѹһ޿֣ŵĺһѴ徳ĵǷ켫˳ֵơӲƴȥҪЩۡ
תһǰ̤˼üȵģʱųڣȻΣձǡ顢顱ȭһʮɵӰХȥƸʤǰ
ޣԶ٣
ͯߺһֵܼæ߶ΪһٴλһĽ磬ֻԷó˫ٷָ¡
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Ȼ䣬ʮͯͯʧɫһգۣûˣ˾Ȼ˲֪شڵǻһĨаЦһֻ֮УħӿѲ⡭
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ײ˫籩תֵһˣ֮ۿۡͷɣµֵܶʱ뾪κ֮УԳ֣յ˳ȥ֮˲䣬һӰ˫ȭӶӰƲɵ
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֮Уּ̧ͯСһԶٿ͵ɱ˶Էͬʱתӡ֮䣬ɫұ䡣ƳвӰܾħڣҹޱߡһɲǣȥ·ãȻ
϶ûˣͯŵǿֹסƣڰлһѷ졣в˶ȥͻȻŵνסҲáߵһû̾һһᣬŵ뵽һƬڰ֮У˾硭ˡ
һħֵܻ֮漴ԭûӰ˽ǰ̧һһСźƵĹâ㵽˴֮С䱳˫֣תƾüĵӡԶļʾ⣬תɽȡ
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һѰ˿ʯͷϥȻɫ˼ֵվľܰ㶯Ҳ
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Ϊʦħ硭һ룬һֻͣҪֲ߹ԼΪħ˭ѣֻøܰڲʱ˵أʵ˵Ž˵ūϧתֵЪϢڷѡ
ڷʮ⣬ͷ㷡Զ׳ϵѪȱʹ˲ūһŮӣȻԴ˻Ȼ壿
۹ڲԶٵľʲžĶǵһУڷסһпĪһλ½ʿںűԶȴǽǰ˵ɱɱ˵ץץšʦȼ֮Ȼôһλǲֿԣ
Уħ޵ķʮһɷ񡭡
ڷæعżֽ˵кηԸԷɫɣ޴ǰʢˣʲôδͷԻֵ֪ǸóƺֵѣǰһʱһʱҪʧȥźáǰֹõ
һΪȻҡҡͷ˵ڷѲظ֮ˣֺαںȽڣ˵ǳĿףֻδ壬ԳԾӰˡڷϣ¶Цݣ˵ԸҲǺǡ
ڷ̧ǰ鲻ԽūȴŮӰһĬĬɫв졣ͷ΢΢һ漴ڲڷ簡ڷ磬ֺαһʱأֵƽ۴ǳΪӵĳѳڣָջء
ūڷɫŹ֣ᡣ̯һֻӨƣһԵһ˵ʦֵͯµķΪƣΪء
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һǸȻ˵Ƿһݰʦղϣӣһûഫޱʼչⲻȥӽ󣬶ҪúֲһǷǡ
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һĬƬֵ֮ڷѣūڴЪϢˣҪȥһ̽
ʦ˴աūǰ֮ʱڴеڵĹ죬û뵽ȴʦĺ档
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״ūɡȻΨˮ˫УнЦһûỺ˿óһɾ߬ģĿ
Ĵڷ磬ɵɵվţԸȤһ֮۹ֹסǾӰ֮ϡ꣬һԲλζӿͷĳ̾һ
һ˵ӣеųףǳ˿󡣶ʲԣ㽫ϼ޻ĺǰѱ÷ֵѹɣӸ̾Ϊֹ
ŮˣǷƶֻҳ⻰ǳףȴԢ⼫ţ
㣬ҪֵܣҪˡ
Ī֮ʣڷͷûɵһһǳһŵ£Թ˼ѣ
ڷ֪ūƣȴ򣬼ѪȣĮŮӸˣϻ۶ǱɡνٻӦԼԸ˵һף˾ʦС


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һһľķ϶ٽӵף֮ƸСġ
ӵĿӵףѷū뿪ʱΡ˪أ̽ᣬкӿɷɭɲһɵĺ̶µؼգȴ̫öֻûڶϣйĲįɢĳǺ⣬һ顭
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ԣһæֹסΣ޵ʵֱ˵˰ɣЩźô
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֮ʿٵĲһˡ˵źƮλ꣬ΪѪʿ
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׷ݡǿʮΪǿĹ飬Ǿա
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ڷֵ˵Ϥ壬ºжûҸȴٵ٣ͨϼӷūɫȻƽذοǣҵȷؽڣԶˡֲ˼̾벻֮⣬Ĵڣ࣬Ѳ⡭
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ֵܲжģֵڡ㣬üʹӸеˣΪʿװŮӵУ̫ˣССԸԵóѣͽκΣͯɫһ࣬λֵкҴȥΣūϵȦ֮С
ߣֻһأ²Ϊūɫ߳һ²ͣ׷һ鲻Խس¶Է䣬ƵԵЦʡʮɾأദվãʦ׽
һһ٣ƳۡԷһ£ȥǰ¶һĨЦ⡣δְ¡ϲԼģйŮӡ
ū˵֮ʣڷͣһʦͽǰ߹Գҡҷ˵ӰĬĬ
ŮѷǵģȴĶѡ˼ֱ˪ж׵ľޣܶԴĳȻʹкη

޼ҺԺľ֮УԶ
ų룬Ȼֳ˵һ顭
ӵ˵ͷ˵޼һֱҪѰǸһ޼ҵĶ֮ãһŮӺıȡӵĻ·޺ӳϴ׷ɱ
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ʣС½ܵڣٴԶܵΪ𣿡
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һ㶼֡оһ˵ݽ㷽˵һˣõıħһΪǶӵĻжӣ񲻾ӦǾ仰
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ɣ˵ǻãԶ֮˶֮Ϊɵ˴й˼ɶ˵תǽѣ±̫ƽ
һȦӣ˼⣬ʧǰ£类Ϊ֮סÿشңӦ֮ˡһǡ£ᡭ
Ϊβ᣿ӵɫ࣬˵жţޱɾ֮еɵµĴУƾıɵá⣬ӵĻᣬͬԶйءСӴ½һ·Ϊ޲ֱָһȥ
΢΢ɫ˵ԶΨɵ۶𡭡
ԣ֣ضһ䡣ԷҴ⣬Ի˿׳ǡָʾֵɣǣ£ڵأ
ӳ˼Ƭ̣Щɻʵһ޼ͬˮԺָأ
ǺǣӺг㣬뵭һЦÿɷ˵ʥͲΪ
ͷȻɫࡣ֮뵽ʲôæһδ
£ʵ
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Ŷ۹һ


971 
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壬һСǳƮǿ֮Уͨ⣬ֱΪǡûţҲûзˣֻԸصʿжΪ鼰Ϊʼĸ֡
ǣɽȣһΪ磬һΪꡣ䴫󷨸һֱͨڡһ뿪Ĵתһɽ֮䡣еĴڷһūУָķ˵󣬽Ϊǰʿ˵ԪŨΪƧ̻ȥģҵҪȥȣʮ֮⡭
ǰȣֻһѰɽȰˡƽ̹Ĺȵأһֵɽϴʯߣǿջ̵ڡ˰Լǰĵرһ̸۵޲̬жңڣ
ڷ綫ʮ꣬صķòȻأʱſҲ硣һרעūףΪֵܵҵȽתأȻԶ˽⡣ڼغţǰľȻбһ·ʡȥɾǴʦԸֻ֮ˣĨ˰ѵĺ룬ЦѼ࣬˿̾н֮УǺǡ
˴ԼʿʮλǶȥˡб¡ɾԽߣ޼ʶʮﳤɽ֮УֻԽŲߡ
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һ߸ߵľ׮ţԵסȥ·żƬҶƽּһͣ˽ŲĬĬšūʻûӦָָֻ̧Ŀڡ
ū˼֮ʣڷһľ׮·ããӻΪ㡣ȥѰһΣ¹佭Ǻǣ⾳ҡͷԵƷζһ󣬽¶˵һС֣ϼ̣ԸȻͷתһū˵ԭǿӵƣĲð
ľ׮󷽼ɽ£һ˵Ķǰϸһľ壬ڷ塢ûнƷһС֣ɾʮ飬ȡһ
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Σū棬̧˹ȥڷæһԣŵ˵ֵƣ˿أɾڴ˴˳˷
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ڷ̫רע⡣֮µһͽͬˡ
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һȻں˵ǲãΪʦС΢΢һЦת˫ⲽǰ
лʦȻ㹻ūأ˿תѡʦľʯԸνеͳʮɾڶǰľϣöתߡ
ڷԭأӣʮɾ
ūƮȻ׷һͷҲص˵ƹĳŴˣˣ
ڷɻֵԣʦɾ֮ף˻ӻԷᣬûȤæȥ̧˵ҲһᣬĪ⣡
ǰСڵɽȣ̤ն𡣴ڷԻ졣ǶǰɾȻڣΪβռˣ
һڷɫ쳣ʵڷѣв֮
ڷҡҡͷ޸д˵ÿ;ķСȥҴң⡣շ֪˵ؿƻƧȴȻ˽ţʹ۲Ѱ
һ˵ͷΪȻԶ򣬺һءڴ˵ʿദ޼ҵȻңӣ
ףʦǶˡ
ūʾ⡣һ俴ȥǰȺ廷Ƶһɽ֮ϣӻ£ˮ
ڷЩ˵ѽ˵ľʢȴнϪˮ޷˵ĲԪŨʿ޵ľڣȴ˿˴Ī˵޷ԷĲľΪϡ١
˵֮ʣٽƬɽꡣߴ֮˶еͣЦкѣţϻа֮
Ǹ۵ӣڵΪ縺룬͡·ããӻΪ㡣λѲСƬ̡
ūһʾʦϼ̵ƹ񡭡
ӣλѣЦ˵λĻݹˣʮɾԵĳӻƴл
ǴһЩȻȥĹĴæഭһȻһȥ֮أң̾磡
Ǻǣ촾ڷ磬һᡭ
ڷȥ漴йâ΢΢ټһƬɽϣǲһµӻʮɵһСǳ΢ʮζֹ
һǵ޴󰭣ūɽϡӿ͸ΪŴڷԵƺ
˴˺ѹӵԼҵͬΪڵʿѴꡣһʱңû뿪ط
Ϥǰ˴ӽЩ졣óŰڷߵһ£óһֻЦк벻żҳƵӻơ


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ڷһִһִͷƺã
ūɫ񾲣ֹׯűյûĬĬʦơ
һٱСһڡζ嵭һȪˮȴһƷҷƲҾƵĻգէһƽζ䲻üͷ̧ۼȻֵģͷһڴ˼羰ãβɡ
ֵΪ粻ףɫһתЦ⣬Զ׷ţһңǾɡ
һԵһЦΪ뾳кθϵأⲻһŮӵĸп֮԰ˣϣֻΪ飬įȥ׹ֻأ
ڷ˱оƣư죬ΪȻ˵ǳγݣȤġ֤Ҳūֱӣмֵо澲ִַ֡ѽ࣬ӪһðˣΨʰҵȷɳɾɡ
λ˵Զ֮գһ䡣
ڷɫ˵кβɣŰٶǰ콵ףƴϸǡ
ԲֻԶ֣ɵ۽٣ΡЦЦ񱭳£˵伮أԶδͬгԹ𱰡ѪȵƴɱձΪ˻˭˵ֲأȻˡ
Ӿٱµӻʾ£˵ֺαִһأ˼ûɵۣûǰ˵Ĺҵͬǰݶգתڷ磬ֵɽˮλֻӪ죬ʶңʵãˣԴġ
ڷ˺մӣ粻ףȴһɢ޵ǰ·磬ЩţҪȥ
ūʮ꣬ﱻǶʦͽţĿʿ۷֤˵ȥ֪Ȥ
һе񱭣˼ڷؽ򣬻¡ֻǰһ˷ִû˭˭Ǿ仰ͷһ֣ɵ۽٣Ρ
ϵѣڴ˴ΰ˷֮֮ɷ˵ū˱ȥʱ
ӴŲԶĽŮӣֻĿһЦº࣬˵ǺǣҪлλѵľʯأνа֮˽ʶ֮Сţ֮ңԶҿΪ
ūȻãǬһװ֮ˮŪ飬ֻ򼸿龧ʯ
ҿȣԸæ˰ֵ֣ݴɵ˿ʩչеĴͨİ֮Īǡ
ʿ˵б仯СżΪѰӿеĴָͨҲԡһ˴ǸԳȵߡԷĥ̳֮εʱ˫ճȥ磬Ϊ档㷨ţܻɡ
һһԵˮ˼֪УԴڵľʶһһ֡Ҫƣֻأڸ档֮ïչ֮ҹ󣬵֮ɱ֮ʱء
꣬һ۹˼һ֮ϡ֦ҡҷֵѿмŭš
ڷū̸Цһʱ廰⿴˼еһ΢΢һԷţȴʧ˵Ļ㱡ԭȻɫУ͸żּڵĲɣ
Ǻǣѽ֮ϤڣȨóʮɾֻūòҳִ󷽣øСԷóöط̣Ȼ֪޲ԣȴֺʵλѲƺþ֮ˣΪζ֮£
ūеӻƣδ˵ֻʦҲˡ
ͷǺǣҪƾһТģʦǺÿڸ
ūǳЦɬתеһǰ˵ʦūƣƷ
״ӵûЦݡǰ֮ʱδ⣬ΪλԶιͬˡֵǳĪ⣬ֻ֮˭롭
һʿʦλǰ˴æһ˵ǰ
֪ΪΣڷͷЩ̤ʵվȴҰοذ˵ֵѲáūæ
Ӳԣһʱԭءǵѣʦһ˵ã
һŲ۹⣬ͷĬȻƬ̣תūǺƣ˵лʹ˸ˣ
Ӽһûǰ˵֣ǫɣΪ֮ͷһ买֮ʣʲһʱ𣬷봾ִ˼䡣ʧֵ֮֡ˡ
ڷץʲôû˵һζң⶯֪·㣬Ǻǡ䳤˿۹תһԵūԷԹʦû˵ʲô
һɫεӾֻһ˵ˡ˵ʱͣкηأţ·ãã㡭һЦת̤նū봾ڷȥ
˵ӰʧԶ˼յ˲ɽ¶ˮȴж֮ܡԼ˼룬Ҳһۿ͸û䣬ʱôһλˣ
֮תߣһٵɴ˫ۡһԭ֦Ҷïʱȴݻƴ

ȵΣ޼۱˴ˣ޷ꡣ֮νɵããһ;
һƬͺͺɽϣӰеĴڷָ̧֮ǰɽµһڣһūʾ˴ȥ죬Ǻǣ
ʮ꣬һض顣ڷɷƮȻͷǰ·֮ʲ˵ص֮󣬻ֵӶ̻գԱôĳԾ֮ꡭ
һδӦϴһĨÿɷЦݡ˫ŷūСɽϿռˣʮɽǰ಻Ӱ
ת˲֮䣬̤ɽ
аɵɽΪտһλֵصʿ֮ˡڵˣòɽһϥţеһλкÿλʮɾŲǷ
ڷʱֹס˽Ų˵˭Ƿɾɣÿȥ仰Է꣬ǺһЦ˵ΪӪףҪ黳
ūԽڷ磬̧׳һɾ˷һӹȥ漴Цݸʢ买˵лݹˣ֪һǰδ
ڷʮؽӻ˵ţԷͷȴվŲū֮ת󷨡εҡҡͷԳλֻɾˣĪ˴ĳڴ˲ء
˴ɴСʮֱ۴ϸʯܣΪֶƴһڣǶһǿͼ־ʾλͷҲص˵˵˼ÿĵûһаʮǧ֮˭ǵֵ̫ࣿܶڴֵʮأδѣĪ֣
˵ŻҪ󷨡
ڷ粻ͼ֮ˣ֪תһһЦԷδ⣬תȥ΢΢һֻ˴Ӷ˽ȵ


973 Ч
֮УΪ׵һݵߣɫоϲв죬мɻֹ֮һ٣̧˻⣬˺󼸲סʱĶڡɽ֮Уɱ
һλ󷨵ʿʱӾӽͬߡεҡҡͷ˵ĵطзĪҪ󷨲źá
һһƲɫɡ˴ݣūһ˫ź档ʦĳһǲ٣
ڷ£˲İΪϤֻʱ̫ʱˡٵſڣĪ֦ڡæǰЦ˵ԭǳԪǰλʦּݵǺǡ
ǽڿĳԪӣڵϤĺոӵ֮󣬲شλһ˽⣬޵޼ҡ֮ĴһȴϷ֮ʣȴڴ˴Ǹ˹ڻСӣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡭡
ߣǽմɣϷڹԪӺԼһҪű˦ˣһ߻ҪΪպ·ƣʿʿ֮ʿԼΪֻڱͽգˣĩǰǳ׼ȻСӰйᰡ
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ڷɫһ䣬ߵԲѣĳ˱ڴ˴е㶯ԣæ׿ȥͷһȴ˼ֵĲ
һǰ°̧۹ɱȻ˫Ƴײ֮£һƵġĻꡣɽںƶ漴һεĿŭȥ
һ⧲Ԫ˼ɱͱˡɫһ䣬ˡδ䣬ڳɽ
ֵѡΣڷ缱æֺ̧һ
һδû׷ɽվδɱ˵Ķڣʵ£
˱ã¡¡ڷЩ״Σȴǰ˿
һüһ۹ӹڷ磬תȥΪȻ˵Ҫɱˣû˭ӵѡ󷨵ʿͷʾ£Ը󷨣

Ƭ̣ԪȥӼһسɽֻһʿΨһͬӰȵء
ܵǽһ죬ʱˣ磡󷨵ʿԸ̲ѣȴӭϼʵ顣
ԪɽڿƣȴӦսΡȻɽѳûˡǰ󲻹ʮ꣬СŲںڵΪߣƣϷһ˫ۡݣȴǾڣ˵ȥţҪˮʯ

һƬ﷽Բĺˮ֮УƯһСһߴʯ֮ͤڣǺŴ󷨵ڡżӰԽɽӹҴҷȥΪɫɼ
ʱһŮ߳ʯͤ󷨡еĴڷ洺磬æӭǰĵӴкһǴūԽųеʿС֮ϡܺɽɫһ־޴塭
Ǻǣ֮⣬Ǻŵĺ塣ʦڱչ֮Уλǰȥݼ
ڷСľ󲽵һūԡֳ̧Զʾ£ȻرҪǰš
һūںߣĬĬעź档΢֮УĵӰƻá߳񣬽һʮء뿪ʮ֮áһвת˲ˣ׿ȥôľĶǡٲǰɷƮҡ
ū羰Ӻƿ۹תһԵʦԷ˫֣ͦζƳǵյȴӲһ˫Ũü£˫ԶҷС«
Сɵĺ«ū߷Ц⣬͸żֽƤָᴥѸء
ŵöһתԴڷǷδ˵ҴӲǷǣȴǷšԪӣ硭仰һ٣ڷ磬׽ЦֵΪƣȴӲ֮ŭ
ڷ۹һ˵ֵѣŶ޶⡭
ߣ˽壬˲ݡ
ڷѭȥһֵ˵Ĳ˲ʶô
ʯͤгˣڵĳԪӡϵʮʿΪСʱΪ֮һԴҴɢܡ
ת˲֮䣬ֻʣһū봾ڷںߣԪ޼ɵֱ˶ӻ޿ֵؼ˷
ˣڷ룬æӭǰȥ˵ԪǰҺڣС
Ԫɫ߳СÿϷԻѰʦۣǿƺɨƵôڷˣ̴ֱֻڵ˺ϲվΡԲĵرһʢ˵غߵߣСӣкΪգȻϷơ
һ𣬵ͷ۹һƳתշ
ūվδȴ˪̧һӽȵסˡӰȻ˶ݺݺ˭ӣˡ
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ڴͬʱֵܸͯԴɢգ۵ĹѽԪʦͽΧ˵䡣ϴͯڴǰɱɭȻſ³һâŰǶͯͯкڵϲɱС
СʯͤǰƬյϣԪӵӶ̻̲֪롣ͬĿ㵣ס˿ΪСƣȴϱ󻹲ĸ֡Թѵڣ³֪
ūɵһԣʵʦҪģҪġ
СɱܲĿô״ڷȫȻû֮ǰĴ⣬ûʧ˷ΪʦУʶһλǵӣν顣ⲻ֪֮£ȴһ׮¡ԼֵѣΪڴĪı
ڰ˴Ϊ߲塣λ׺ݵĺ˵Ժĺ򣬻ԺΪ𣿹ֲֵѲǰ壬ǲԸǲм
ڷ뵽˴ͷȻһҵһһūǰȰ˵ĪźãȻڱؽҡ
ūʦһʱò⡣
һɫ˵ڴҸҺ£һתŴڷ絭ЦȻ飬ۣ϶⣬ġһ٣ֵūԼӳͽֶΣЧȣ
԰գһڿնƲֱǾ޴ȥڷҪΪ
ūһԸʦԶԼӳͽ䣬ЧȣƮƮն
ͯһӵԹݺݵһڣȵֵڽڳ֣֮ʱÿ°
ڷ簵п࣬ٹ˲óԪӵת塣ʦ˼ٲ鷳ɾʹˡ


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ǧɽççԲԣΡ롣˴ΪŵĵѸͥΪݡ֮ķ򣬱Ҫ࣬洦ɼʿӰ
ٽֵһҾǰʿյ𻰡
ټľţȻû˺֣֪ӺԪѿжš
ʻһλˣϡ裬Ƥϸۣ۽Ǵһƣɫ͸ź档ڵΪ˺һСŵͬλģߣ뷢ҺڣڽֵѲͣΪȻ˵͵ѳٴ˵أ֪ⰡȴλϣԲĸ֣ΪΪܡ
ŶԨԴǳţǺǣˡӺԪٱʾ£һתǫЦ˵ɽв֪١أųŵ˿۽磬͵Ѷͽ̲ǰ
͵߷бӽֵջ۹⣬˵м٣ʮǰ;˴Էɫһ۹һߵƶſƽˡȴվɤһصʾڴ˵ȴȥͽ棬ұ߱˵
ԣӺԪȻҴ£ͷһɾʣʹĽֵ⡣Ƭ֮Ӱضֱɽȥ
;УӺԪ͵Ŀл֪
ʮǰɽ졣ŵĵʿΪ֮϶֮סΧ֮ʱһ١
ŵĸֲʰݣѰ٣ջһ񡣶йĴȴֶߣúصʿΪܵǣ˵ɽ˶
ǰķɽƹȴ䣬պɢǳʮףرδ֪ڵΪͬһСšӺԪΪʶȤԷΪͬ飬Ǳ˴иӦ˵ָǰʾǵɽңɽǧжҶţغ򡭡
ڿУԶξ۵סǧ֮⣬洦ɼʿûŶԴ˺ɻ䣬ɺҵĵڷɽܰӪկѡǵɽƣִĵǡӺԪǺǣҵռһ˺ֻͣ˽٣Ҳ
ʹƮƮԵáƬ̣ǵɽȻǰǡڴʱȴɫһȻһ죬ŭغȵ۵Сҵ̡
ӺԪѭȥںغǺһЦǧɸߵɽ֮ϣ֪ʱһλҰ׺ߡ䲻ڵΪũҲеĴֲæڼʯͷ֮ŲٲȻһçɽҰ
ת˲֮䣬ɽΡѳ嵽ߵĽǰС˲ɣڴ˴а࣬ת֮ʱ㱻һС룬ܲΪ֮ջأ
أ԰ŪŲûˡһ䡰ڶը֮ʱתɤͳĵʵС˭أ
˴ԶʢŭȴסһӺԪԣ΢΢һִ󣬸ͷϸߣҰ׺ïʢһ˫ӲԲϻŹŹֵЦݣʲôȤ
ɫһδԷк쳣֮һ˦䣬ʢ˵˵ߣ̧٣ĪϷֶֿԣ
߲ΪЦɣȴǽֻһá°͡°ֱ͡졭
״ӺԪæһ¡ܽǸŸɵʿǶв㡣޿֣˵ǰڱϢŭȰһ䣬תԷЦСû˴ΪҶУռȵ
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ŭգ罴ϡδǿ벻̣οԵֻһС̡
ӺԪͬǴ㵲ѣȴмֲͷͷĿڣȴǳҽƶ˲ܡ굽˲֮Զ˯֮ԿӰ
ΣӺԪҴ⣬æ͵ǰΪȵȰ˵˴ݵˣον
ͻ뷢ͷһ漴ߣֻһͰˮͷǻŭ𽥽ɫһ䣬ӺԪԷ޲صͷתһԡ£ȥ
ɽıԵ˴δӺԪ֣µ
ǻͷһۣʮĲɡŵҡҡͷ˵˹Ź֮ˣѵԾŵĸֲɣҵȲȥ˴ʿۣԻΪŵçײЩ
ӺԪڰ֣ʾͬ԰ꡣ۽ǵּһ飬ɷµسƬ̣ôصʿͷɹ˲Ըɽıʩչ伣ɣֻкŵĸˣԱ𴦵ǰŻ㡣Ȼ˴ల£ҵȲǷǣ
ǣҾ䡭ΪȻ
ʱ˺

ɽʮ֮һСϣ߳һҾΪһŻ۵ˣž̳ӱ߱߹̬࣬Ѳ䲢еλò˵İŮӣǳЦӯӯ˵Ǹһģһ꺺ӣһ̳ӣĵģ
һˣ뿪Ųõһʦͽֵͯܡ
ʦÿرҪһ̳ƣǻҾͶūƵӻȴ嵭ǲϲءطԵʣһɫʣ̧־˼ֳūΪ֮䲻ѣʦͽ˵ࡣ
һŷԵĽ־΢΢ЦūˣƵƣΪʦ᲻ϲءÿضƬ̳ѳΪ˶겻һȺá˾ٲ޻ʱֻܾһ¾ŵΡĴţڴ
ǺǣƵƶҺֵ֪ûڸ
Ƕʦͽ鲻ͯŽֵ֮Сһ֣Ϊ͵йһͨʹˣȻ˵ùԪӱˣСǶ˰
ūֵйʹֻ͡Ҫʦƣзݣŵɾ
ʶϴͯ￴еĲоƺȣɾʵҪáΪʹкηǧӽֵܺнڡ
ͯžƣֵܼ˻Ҳŷ˼ž̳һ͹࡭
ūֵܣԹ˵ūֻΪʦһơȻʲôת˵ʲŷ䴫ţɽڵľţҵҪȥĵط
ת֮䣬ѵ⡣һ¿վ̳ӣ̤նЦɲȥմ֡


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һյʱ֣ƻȺɽһ뵵֮СɽܣǾۼʿ֣챦еȴΪѰ˶
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ǰ¶ԶȺɽ۵ףΨ˵Ӱ£˵ڷ磬ٽǰ˵Ϊʦ
һһСǱˣǺŵ봾ڷ硣߼ʦɻ󲻶ֻ˵Ӷת֮ʣżֵʦͽ˷۲ͬ죬;ʷԪǰѰơ
ֵͯܽԪʹŹһ٣ûǺĵСˡڷæȥѰʦǰΧһתĹ򣬴˵뱻ĶûӰֵͯˣﳤȥԪӽֻԶݡ
ʱǽ岻ĺСŵӵļ˵Ӵ㵲ѡʱʮ꣬ۿһüĿɰ;ϣ˲ö룬һ׷
ӱֵѰݼ˼ң˭֪ȥδɽ֮ô⣬ڷ໰˵еԼҲ˵塭
ӵʶٴ֮ڣڶΪСһһΡĬȻƬ̣ˡĴ٣Ҫ΢΢˼תʵСӾεΪĸأ
ڷûŴ𻰣һֻơʦüεؿЦ£ʵ˵ֵ֮ͯ⣬ˡ
ֳź룬
ֵѱ˵ΪѲ⣬ȴԺڵֵͯһսʤ֮Ϊū֮ͣͨǿɡڷ£Щǵؽ˵˷Юֵ˿Һڣб
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һɽ֮ϣӺԪͽм죬ȴڲֻź˯Ȼȥգ˴˵Ҳల¡
ӺԪѣžڵշ岻ԺҿҪ߶ͻͷһۣɡתӺԪ˴˵
ӺԪͷǣϸ۵Ƥ۽ǵЦ⡣̧֣صȻһʣԺ͵ֶġ
ǫõ˴ˡ˴ˣɵĥ໥ֲǡ㿴ǾţԵ˺Ϊɽڶ̶̵ʮʢ˹
ʢƨҪŴ󼪣
ͻδ˵꣬˼΢΢һӺԪû˺
˯ˣǡڴʱһͷһæӺԪȥһƵԶĵ´̼쳹֮ɲǣһֱ߽ͬʱǧ﷽ԲȺɽ֮䱼ٵӰϲĺ
֮£ôˣŰȻ֮£ӺԪЩ޴롣˲̤ǰȥͻȻһȺĶӵǰ١
ӺԪһ㱻һ׺ְԵƺ顱һ˱Ҷط˳ȥֱԶſסΡһ߷˵·ߣմ󲽣񲻿һ
һ߽Էɽǧ֮⣬˷ɽȴǶ㲻ӵʿӵ¼ֱɸ߿ղһֳһ󾪺ǾȻһСɵĽ𽣣â䣬ԣ
Ⱥһ㣬ʿ嵽˽𽣵ʮ֮⡣˴̼֮Եߵ֮ҿʩչֶΡ
˷֮ʣһֵӰͻȻԽȺشе콵ݵˡһ֣˭桭Ϊýգ֮ѽǰѽץУȴֲף찡ٶѷŭټϮ
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һض쭡ȭͷǡ裬ȻϮķ˳ȥ䱾˰ȻգȻץŵӰͽѡ
âĽɣʿǱػͷӴܡȴһ˺ʮɱֹסƣͬĿľ㵡
϶ſҡ
ӱߵһ˫Ĵץź󲱾µӰʧѲãȴȻ߬Ž𽣲Ը֡ѣԲʾؼе˷ɽáľİ˳Ԫ֮˭롭϶顭
ڳʿͻŵòᣬԶԶɢ̻̲ųֵģ붼ĸְ˵һ󡣶ԷȴһȭҰɨ˷ǸǺεȵΪָǺεȵǿ󣿼ǾݵĴϣҲ˴׵ĸ򡭡
֮Уߴߵһ˫ۣ׶ȴ䲻²ȴı뺷ץųӣѰʲô
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۹ԶͣͻȻһЦ͵ؾеĳӣµضţһڣСӣٸҽУ㡭
ߣǿߵģͷһͻͻ𽣲һԣ͹ķ¶ĵЦݣ۹нɫһأǿӲ˵϶ֵܵĽ𽣣ҷҡϡδ˵꣬ʹۣʱɱزҺ
ߴЦȴ顣ӵĽֱ͸۵ᶼ˳ֱʱΪȻ˵СӣСӵԵʣ㡣ϸƤģζӦò
ۻ֮УƼʿˮŵ߻ǣȴ͵زתٲҽңҺæĵǳ˵ڣˡΪֵػʮأɱ壬ϡԷѿ죬һʧУȴֲȻ϶־ϲͻȻ֣˲仯һֱ߽Զ̤նһ΢Ц
λʿǽ𽣷ȥȴû˭ٸҳᡣһ߽ȥǣһ󻶿ĺХֱֱա飬ĪԵߵˡ


976 
ת˲֮䣬𽣷ɵʮһǰ
һλŻ۵ˣҷ磬ū\ֹȡ˫ŨüĿ΢΢Ǵ޵Ц⡣ԸһλӣòˡλĸˣüĿư
ֽӹɵǰĽ𽣣Ը£ɫԸп֮꣬𣬳ԶǸߴѡԷѽеĳˣһЦȴδӭǰתɵһˣһԹ㡭
ħצδ磬ʯͷɽȡҪɱˣ־ϲεغֵܣӣ϶ס֡
ӿеֵܣūֵͯܣĻ㼰ʱ
һڷϤĴź󣬱ɻ󡣷ɽµĽ񲻾ֻһֱ֮УΪλֳ˴ĶĿ˻ҵΣһвѲ²⡭
Ӻһɤ֮󣬻ǲɱ׹ȥġͨһӰʧɽïܵĴ֮СӵĴǴڳʿĶС
ӣ˺˸ˣ˴˴ܶʿֻʱһ治ѡ䱾ȴпԣһʱ˲áʲŹ֮ʣⲻջ̲סˡΪҿֵñˣ˭𡭡
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ӱ࿹Ψ޷ճ˭׺ֱмܡֹ٣ֻ÷֣ſں⣬ɼֵѡ
Σͷλŵĸһ㶼Ϳ߸ûýΨһָǸСӡǸֵѡ
Ӻδֹ뷽ųӵһޣѱһץס˺󲱾ʱһԶָˡԷȴǺǺһЦҡͷ𴦣һֵģ
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˲䣬зɺܡʿŤͷܣƴԶݣΨһ˻ꡣ
Զһɽ֮ϣԭӰʱռȻһźڣһӺԪѱء
ϢĹӰ㡣еӾɽŹӲͷƤԶֻŹʦ
ץס֮󣬲δʹɱ֣ǽŴǰԲţţɫĪ
һ˫֣ⲽͬ׽Ц⡣ūʦشǽٽߡ
ʮ֮⣬ҴҸĴڷ·ͯʦܣΪӾΣͯϴȻˣ°̧ϸߣٲȻļƣпԡ

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һͣ˽Ų߱ͬĹһЦڸп֮У͸żС
áááͻȻһЦƺ֮ȴɷµԿϡҵ۹ʵ
һһƲζЦٺ٣һңģԷǸȥԶüĿԼоֹȵȣ˭ˡ
ΣǶǵĻһԵūźͿΪߣԷΪũװ磬ŵ̬ȴǰʮ㣬ҷǻΪȴܻһڵĸˣʵԴ⡭
ѽСӿǽŶδֹһСˡǡڴʱūͻȻ˵ͷһæһԻͷȥһ³ȹŮƾնдŽɫͱ˵شţһ˵СãĪҪƭˣؼȥɡ
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ūѩϻۣѿΡʱ˿̣ȴҪ粽áɫһһǰȻ߳󵨣ҶԼʦаֲ
һû˷ŵĴĴ㵡ǰһȥūļͷϣԱ԰ꡣԷɫɣȴû˹ԵΪĹ˳ӡԴ˲δ⣬Ƕԡáһʱ֮Ŀ
ȥɽ뻨ӡǧԲл֮޳Ԫ񣬵֮ϲһŹֵũװҲ˵Ϊأ뵱ǵŽһֵģôˣС
һֵӰɽлλ𣬱ϲӰغϣ㱻϶ˤˡֵܣɻˡ
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ӿţνࡣƵһתǧȴСֵؼеףΪʦûռӱˣſצӡ
һ͵̧֡ǧЦĵɫоϷŰ֮⡣ū޿̣Сͨ죬ȵʦߣɱ⣡ֵͯܡ
ǵ˽ǰ˫ʧӣѾͷûԶɱˣһֵܣһ겻
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״һת漴Ȼǧ޳Ԫ֮壬֮˸Σȴӷ˶ߡϸӦмƽϡ
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ᣬЦиƨã˸ɴ࡭ɱȴδ֡
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һ֮򶨴ݣΪɵЦ룡ȥֱˮƣǺǡֳŲԶֵͯԼģ̌ʾ£͸ذ뿪ԭء
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һ°ڣʯϥ˵ͷصϾ֮࣬СԶѣ
˹ȥת㷵غ֮ʣ˳ԪӡΨǷǣȥ˳ݷ˼ҡһĶ£ǸȻһЦֵĪš


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ŵӴҴҶִҴҶȥ⼸æǰ򰲸Ԫӣŵǿ֮ԣţǺСһΪƵţһڽڵšɣŵǽ˵ĺͷ
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ӵĵţóԪӺ⡣ڶԷĳĴ֮£Ұ˸״˼ȴȻڻѾõתһСӣδ쿪߬ڽ˵ıأ
ڳԪҡڲ֮ʣȥ˸һһݷã˺ؽҪ˵ĺյĸӲÿɷ񣻿ľˮӣǸһмһˣΨԼˮΪ⶯˽ύŵͷ
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Ǹ֮ˣиеĽʮǰ޳Ԫ֮Լľӽ伣ֱǧгɲӭ˻֮ʱԹнơ˵޽£ȴ󣬻ٺʿ±ƳԪ֮Ҫ鷳˭ȴӷ˶ߣҪɱڵͷ
ȴһϬ㣬ơƱعǺһһͣν١ͷƵģȴп˵ֻ빲
⣬򲻱صĸԤϡǧݹأԲԸͷ¶档ʶһ֮Լħ˵֮
뻢ͷ֮ͬ֣˯˺дȴź
ǧСŮʮ㣬Ҫˬڴųϼĺ¶顣˷Ƿ֮룬һᣬȴͲסūܡ
򣬸гӼһ鳤άţū˦ƹʦ֮ǻ֮⣬ԼĲο֮࣬ȻǸĵŮ˼ֽ䱸ټ϶Էһζֺò̾ͷһʯľ
£ڷһϯѲӡӰϡ裬м¹ʵ¡
ǧȥֲȹɷָԭһۺ졣ЦкֳϣŶ䱳˫֣Թ˲ϯ£ֳŰөʯ¾ͣת֪̾ɽҰң֮Ȥ絹˯İȣȴ붨ū顭
ūЩؿһ˵ʦóӽ뿪ⰵ֮ء
һԶջ۹⡣ħأȴԪ޼䡣ڵһһ磬ָơһ覰˶ҡҡͷ˵Ҳʡδ䣬һħ͸˲̤ҹʧȥӰԵ˲ϯ£ǸӰӰֵ뿪˵أԱǡ
ǧ֮⣬ūΨһ֪ħ֮ˡƲһԣɫ͸Ű˵ǰΣʦң޺ӣ
ǧСһƲ˵ߣδɣѾ꣬Сƫת۹΢΢һ漴ֶʵ˹žµսЦֳϡִ磡ҲΪͽɺá
ãһ䣬˼һڻؾתʵǷʶ
ǧɫ㬣һȭͷӣ첻ū棬׵ʹһĨΪ˲Ŀο
һ˿ŮӣΪȻؽ˵ӽ𣬱ħ޷Ҫչء˵ţóǬӵݸǧֵ˶ʮɾԼһЩ֮㹻İ֮ã
ǧɫɵؽӹǬ䣬Ը˵ټ֮ʱֹɡ
һԹתūԸūѽϤഫҪ֮⣬Ϊʦķɽţȥɣ
ūɵӦһǰİʦǱ⣬׷һڰˡֱʱ֪ʦķǱѰԷħޣͨˣķŸδšһ޼ҵ޽ԾסĪޱġĻȵȡ
ǧūˣ˭Ұ
ūͷһɫɡ
һڰ֣˵ҸķԿ뿪硣֮ڣط˵أ
ū棬ǧεص˵ͷ̶̵ദ֮׶Է򵥡ֻҪӰĺǵλĽáƮƮתʧҹɫ֮С
ߣūиһλʦأӿŶǧ˫ϥί
һ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ҲһλʦѲ츣ھݵĶ˷һ˴Ҵææظ·ԼˣԸԺˡ
ĬȻƬ̣һ˵һһ£ʵǷʶԪ֮壬ɷź
ǧ۹һƫתԴֱǼһֺõźɹɫкһֵ㼴ѰһźΣŮ󿡲֪ҲŲء
һÿɷŶһ
ǧЦӵݱ΢ϵأװǻưؾһֵǴŶ
Լãһɫ
ǧΪǵصͷ˵Լ˵ѽΨֶԷţֿ϶˵ڷɽµĽ֮У֮󣬽ԪΪԪ񽫳֮йꡭ
˴ǧŰʯһ·ࡣתսһɷص˵˵Ĵ𶼲Ƕֻ֣˵ɵۡ
һüһūȴ͵ر͡
ͬʱԶʯд߳һ۽𷢵Ӱ
ŮʱĿ˵˳Ҳ޳Ԫڽ½ƣŶӵķ̽顭˵˵Ҫգٺ١ԾΣЦк֣Ŷδ䣬ж
СѾͷҪҺϻ۸ôһĹ򣬾ͱ˸ģء
һЦ˽ǰһӭԷȴƳҡͷδ֣


980 Ѷ
ӺζԪδ֣Ϊһ޼̫һһ
һƨ˲ϯϣ˵˰֮أǴδ֮һʼĳѯʵ۹⣬һڣֵҷʿᶮЩģ
һû˵ǴЦǰԪ𡣶Էɽʯ˫࣬ˣŨܵ׸ƣԲһĽۣŵĹâţԨµĲɣȻƻۡ
ң⡭һΰӣȴѿֵԲֳʵŶ
ˣԽסòŮӵĿޣλǳˣһ˫һʣЩĺʵճ
Ҹʲôʲôź룬ʣɵɵϴ
һΪաһһЦ˵ʶ֪꣬䣡Ժγƺأ糾һ㣬һֳǰ
Գƺã˴ֱɡ͵һŴ֣ϵЦݸûˡ꣬һҡͷ˵СӾ۶࣬δӣԶûӵΪ˼ˬ죡
һһ֣ҡҡͷЩ¶ע⻹Ϊǡ壬ȴ޷һһ
䵹û͵ħڣȴǿ⡭٩٩̸˴˵нڽ֣֮ȴȥϽûβвиΨж쾳Ϊĸл̧֮־ֹ䣬Ǳȴǰ˼ֳ־ļơ
һĬĬһԣ˼ūɽ°ӴĲݣҹɫзһݻơ
Ϊβ˵Щ⣬ͷ˵ҿûйϹ쾳Ȼĸְ
һת΢΢ЦǸæˣ˭ֲأҼһΪƣӦأӣֹ̧סԷɵֵҽ˵ꡭ
ǰϤˣΪȵصͷʾԷ˵ȥ
һ£˵²ͽ̣һʳָ˵ϵаȡԼʥŮ֪˵Ϊ֮ϣ֪ɵǺεȵľ磿һָʵޱɾУǷɵ۵ĴͻƺĵҩҪ֪ʿںô򡭡
΢΢һ˼
һָʵԶԹ֪ܷ飿⣬лðʮźǷã
Եһ˫ۣ㵵͸ɻǰֿ꣬ǰ˶֪Щʲô
һ˦䣬˫֣üһЦʵаĲл걻ɱħɴ˶ȴʥŮһ٣תֵЯķѴ⣬е޼ҽ˳ԹѰ䣬ҪڰǰޱɾȥȻ֡
˴һһ̣ɫҲᶪɵ۵Ĵ䡣˷֮ҪչȫΪ۹һ̧˵Զ㻹Ҫʱ
Դƴ˯
һΪȻغ˵ʲң˵˵㡣ʧ㣡ն𣬰ڿҪߡ
͵̧ͷЦһСµ¶Сӣ˽ոҵΪ־֮ʿʵװվпֵѭѶִһӣķ˵СӣǻҪɵ۵ĴС
һһƲתƮȻȥδƣһ㵲סȥ·µٸһףʮǰ£һʱôӺ˵ҽСʱ򴲵¶˵ҿ㻹ǵö١

һӰɽ̧ͷһۣʧɽһ࣬мСɵĶūľ֮ȥɽֵͯܽһŻʦķԸ
ɽһĹ·֮ϣһĬȻ֮Ϊһ壬Ϊ
ؽΪħæħӡͬвڽİ䣬ҪԲٲݽ̫֮Ҫ˻ķţƩ硶Դ޽ȵȡ⣬ɽ֮˵δرԸԳ
ҹһʶǿգããĿϡǹ΢΢ʱľݣȻ޴Ѱ٣
ļͷΨʧȥ˼ҵķ˵ŷ˪·ȴµ㼣㯡
졢ΪƾʶͷѰȥ浽Ǹʱֻ³̫أ
һ£΢΢˫ۣжһöͼǿУͼעŽڣвΪ֪
ڵİ˴֮ͬƣɺ£ĺաľƫϣļҸһ߼вͬƱ£ȴֻյԶһ
ľͷǡչǣ΢Сĺǡ
еһңдڣ
ңԶƾΪȥ硣ϻصǸصֻϧѰūȴֶ˻ͷ
ֹգһͼֻ۵һôҲ֮СϵķͷҪ壬Լָܱ֮仯һϸСķ˸
һյ峿ʱ֣ճϼεԾһӭų˫̧ۡǰỮȥָâӯ֮䣬һƻõ΢Сƾճ֡ͬʱħеıħͨͬʱ̧֡
һҪȴɫһԪķҡΣ漴ˡһ΢죬˲ʧڳϼ֮СſտҲ˫֣ЩεҡҡͷڹȣʩչһⷨӦɷܱĸܴУԴϳž񲻹һµĹһ͡շ
뵽˴һɫһ¿ȥ
ǰĴйâ漴ðһˡˣˡˣһֵӰ󷨣ԹرԹֵܣˡŤͷ˵ؽкƴظϣڲ飬Ǹ
ΣһЩ⡣۹˵ϣһͿһǰﴨ٣ľһλŻ긻ӣְأӵ֡


981 
ӻˣ˼֮󣬴һӭֱ·ƶ˶ȥе߳󷨣Ժ
һվҷǰķӰĬĬİˡԷȴĵؽеҴ󷨳ȥδݣһͷײһšڱֶθǿתΣΪȻǰƤ³ת֮Ѱ˰ﴨ֪Զ󷨿ȴһرңɴߺߡ
Ǻǣһһ֣ΪȻغǺһЦбԲ޵ĳӣʵ˴ĮŮѰСұ񣬻˺ӣ²С
һɣ߳һɺԡ
һɫɣءŶһ
ӻ˵ͷûɵһ֮ӰϤȴֶ˼һĹ°ķƻȻɣ
ǻֵԹΣһжȻ
΢΢󣬽ס۹һͷŭʧ١ǼΪػ˵ĪҪ顭仰һ٣תں˵뿴һ۴Į֮ķ羰Ҵȥ˺ߡѾͷϲ˱̲׳ˮ֮䣬ûٻ
һħ֮󣬲뱾ѪͨûͬģǸԽаıڡӳӵĹУһȻԷȴε壬һʱЩԡ
һɫ֮ͽһթ֮ˣԸһ׼Ůһﲻ벻˸лѣ٣Լ϶в硭
һųӵ˵ͷɫве٩֮⡣һ̤ȥɽ塣
Ȼһ̾漴ûûεһ֣һµط˵ٺ٣벻ǰﴨ뺢ӣ壬󡭡ͻȻʲôѵһ£ͷˡ
˴Դ
ﴨӣһһվˡһӻƳȹòŮӣʮͷͣŽ𵤳ڵΪӺݶ̬ǧһλǸʮͷӣһϮɫۺԲ˫ֱǿ׳죬Ͼǽ顣
˼ҵţϡһţﴨδ˵Եſ˿ڡĪæҪԷֳһ˵ҵȹڴˣ˺ôļӣ
ﴨɫΣæٽӰֵѵΪǳѲ⣬紫˵еǰٶδһʿȻһԺյľţʵأǽ˲Ű벢ĴԼһھ뿪ݡɵⶣŲףûŵӡȻȡ㣬سࡣ·ԺΪ󡭡
ŮӲﴨ죬˵С˺𣬻ǰаٶλأԡ
Сӽʢҡͷ˵λʦ֮ͬ˱ǻǰɣ뺢£ҡ
һ˵֮ʣӰ˫˫ء
ﴨ˶񣬴ЩǸ⹰˵Сٰ״ֵĪҪ黳ַ˵ҵ¡ʾ⣬һԵŮף˵ڸɹӣˣ
һǺЦĬĬǰһڡﴨǻСɵΪȴƫԶ֮ȢӡǳӶ룬ؽڴѵĳ𡭡
ɻǵҵԼһһ䣬˵˾ͲҪҰΪűļң
꣬һŰﴨһءλĸȴͬĲĻ䣬뿪ݰ벽˰ڡ
һ˵ԼﴨȻ֪Ȼ಻ΪרһöԷءӵãϨͷȷԼⱲûʲôָˣΪѰһ·ӸǼѣ˿ϧ
ﴨȨ֮ʱһ˵˵ƼûУƺҵΪʲôǰˡӰٰԳо⣬ΨһЩԷòƽƽᣬֿ˿ķȻõǻ֮
һ۹˵֮˵ϣ΢΢ЦЦﴨӸϼѣΪĵϸĺǻţνԵԼ£˴˵ľȴر𡭡
һֱԱ߿ֵĳҲͲסЦŰٰؿ޵˺ݵһˣʮǿǰɵһŵĳ϶ѣգա
ﴨһɫ糣֮⣬ǸȻ˵С֪ߵغ񡭡ˣȴ᲻ù̶ܽӰ䡣
ٰδ룬ֻóӵĻΪͦأɫȻһԵ΢΢һЦ֮⣬ٲȻɡ

ڴʱһ߳һɫӰƮɽӿɱˡ
ֻٰΪܵǰơеһƬҶʱյ˳ȥ׼ӻʧɫҪ˹ֵȴûм֮˫ڿն
⧲֮£ﴨͷսսԳ֡գ֮䣬ѷɳȥʮԶ˲࣬ת׷˹ȥģǰ顭ſڣܺһ˵ʦ֮ͽġ
ﴨס˼ٰüͷ
ӴһĻЦȻͻһԤϡ
һ˫֣Ȼ°˵ﴨҾݵĹˣǧ˸ӣʧڹ̶ܽѳ轾ᣬһءһòɵŮӣȻλǰʦӲҲӡ
һڵϣ龪һ֮󣬸Ի̻̲еİﴨʴӣųӵľٶٴĿɿڴǸʼ黫ѣΪĸˣȻЦ̬Ů˵
Ǿŵﴨ֮ʣͬǾηѡû˴ǰ֣ɫоԲλĲٰŵò̧ͷǰɫӰɱȴǰͷ֮ȥ
ū֮󣬳һɵӦһ漴תʮһڣٴɫ˵˴мʦΪ˵飬һ档ٸôأУؽس͡
ٰҿﴨǿ򶨣˵°ݼδ˵꣬һȻֵѵĵ°ݣԿʱ򣬿ɲӰ͵һ˦䣬Թӣƭҡ
ǰİﴨǸ֮ˡȻ⣬ƵĴݡʶ˵²֮ǷǵʧˣȥŲˡǰ˼ָųӣҡͷ˵ƾлʿȴΨĸˡ㡭
Щʵڽݡĵؽһֿ˾ţк˽ϾҪһλ¸֮ɽšﴨ;ȴΪӰٰѰ·Ŵ˳˭Զ꣬ѶĿʵ֮󣬷֪ྶͥ
Եһ֣Цˣðأֵֻ׼һأ;ֱһأ¼Ȩ⣡һԵһüŪֿۣﴨοƫһ磬뺢Ӹ˼ʶҾֹǶ죬ٺ١ʶżͷתū̾ʱѽ
һʼһЦﴨһʵ˱׽ŪľȲҡҡͷ˵Żһλĸˣ֮֮
ūɫ˵μ棬ðˣ԰գʾ£һ˵ʦūӵţпãⲻƣ
֪ˣ֮£תߡ˽˵ӣС֮ģ֮λ㡭ͷҲص֣Цɣҿɲҵֵܣкﺢȥһ֡


982 
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ʯ֮Уһſžʯ˳ӵıĲãǷģƶɡģֱΪ˸ԶĴ¼ǣиȥҴߵ䣬ǹҲȻСһʯϣʵ˾ſʱʢȻٲ̫ϳϡԼӱ˵ķṦΰ
ǰһƽ̹ɽƺΪŸʯƣ˴Զɽ֮ơ
ǾŸʯһָ㣬þһ½кá̫ϳϵ˼ȴû֪ԭһңԶĽɡ
ݴԵɽȣʮȥֱɽšԵͱϣǵǵĶ˴ΪƽȴӿһӰ
ţ²ǧ֮мˣλ˼ơ
ġԶһɽϣﴨﺢӶһһڴЪϢԺáԷ¼佻󣬱ūȥ
пãֵȴû¶档֪˼ɣǡ
СĪҪС֣˵زڸɹ
λūԣٰǻָ˳̬״һҴ֮Уڶʿ֮˽ﴨȴ⣬æһʾɽǧͬΪԪӤϵΪеĻ߱㲻ʮλֿŶӣЩ˵򲻿졣ǾŰյ֣һС˴У鷳
ٰ֪Լһػæ˳صͷӦһȴЩԹؿһۣ˵С΢ȴҼСû棬ѭѭղǡ
ﴨһЦǰòŮ΢΢ͷ£ֽס̾һ
ӣһλڸǧС㣬òϻԵɺ֮£˰ﴨܵһָ㡣ɵ˵̤;ҽĿ졣
һȥ֮󣬼ӳûƺﴨ߼ʴӱòĬ˳Ϧദ֮£ŮĽԷѧʶԨԼŵȣס㺡
ﴨΪ˻ڣֹǰһһȥ˲֮ΪˣЩĻ䡣ǧ࣬ôѣǰ;һƬããǾݶ֪ʧȥ˺δĵˣںһο塣Щʲô
㣬ﴨ뼾ӽ˵£һӣ԰ٰһ˵ǧиӲףʧڹ̡ܽ
в֪ų˺£Ҳ¾䣡
ﴨлعӻϰΪؿڳϻοȱɵʹ˶գ޳һˣ˭˵ֲǹԲأ
ﴨɫºͣԵ׻⣬һϯض۹תԶ˵šǳϣǴǰš仰δ˵꣬ʧ̾һ
ٰͲס棬ʵ˼ֺιһһէģ
ﴨŵصɴ˫ۣʮλǰҲ˵ѲɻкĸˡҵһʱҿŵӣԼֳϣӦöǰĸȴδЩˡ

ɽĹ·֮ϣһ֮С˫Ŀ΢أ붨ǿʶȴڰǧڵķ紵ݶ
Ƭ֮һ΢΢һڵ࿿Ҳܰ
ʿʮλǧ֮⣬ֻʣˡаﴨڴȢӿ֦ɢҶ֮Ըο
λĸˣظҽС΢ȴֲʧͨд˾ʵ
Լߵһ·ͬ˸вͬɣ뵽˴һ˼ٿԶȥֿ˱߹£ֻص˰սɱ¾֮УһӰĵͷ¿ӡԼΪ̫ɣ驶ȵȡ
ǵãһŮӸ֪̾ȻȻ˵İڲԼĪԵӦ䡣ԼǸʱָξ
һ̧ͷ΢΢˫ۡ꣬£תԶ

ɽ֮䣬һɽ֮ϣ㴣һߴʯƷΪ裬ǰеӿأǾŵɽڡ
ʱӰ
еһλòźڵΪźۣų룬ոݣ΢͹
һǸ뷢׵ߣɫһңһµ֫ΪִͬǸڵĸ֣ȴһ޵ЦĻģ
أɽ߳һλڵߣʩ˵ŽɽӣУǰӭλǰǵŵǸϣΪ˳ĸ֮ˡ
гţΪβӭ߳ʵǸӣɫŭͱˡ
ɽӵͷɣЦλǿľˮǰҼھݴǰʱʧλǰƲ
ˮһҪһԵߺǺЦ˵ǸСѾͷһѣǺôļӣ
ɽ۹̧˵λӦǰ꣬˼ԣ
ӵǺǺһЦȴޱ顣ÿɷ˵Ҷδй¶١˿á
ɽûԲΪȻ̤򣬺ŵĴǰһϢ֮⣬б鲼صصӣжŵĶĿӳϵӺǲ
ˮһ˦䣬߳ɽӭʱЩͷˣڵƻȻʱŰ
ɽӰпࡣ˴жʮԶǾľսҴ⣬æżתɽš
ҪлͣˮӴŭС񡭡仰δ䣬һͷһ漴˺֮䣬һ׶׳ɽ֮ǰűɱͳȵڴ˵Ұ
ͻ䣬ˮȱ˻ǰԾŹȻޣǺڵΪ
ڴ˴ɽŵģ׳ڵĸֻȻ壬ֻȭͷø°ֱ죬Ҫ˵ӣǼͳ˻ʱһ
ˮӲʾһſ³ȴԼת׳ЦЦ˵Ŀˣֺɽǰ󶯸ɸأ
׳֪ǷǷǣɱڵޣҪսսʲô
ҶԶȴáӴ˸׳˵ȻҪڽ֮ϣҵټ߼֣λһսһԵˮӵݸתҪȥ
׳Щֲ˵⣬ԭؽѡ
ǡڴʱɽǰͻȻ˵λ


983 ߲
ˮֹ
ɽǰ̳֡䲻Ϊͬòһģһ˫հݣ۹䣬͸˵ơ
ˮӲΪȻǿӲ˵λҪԶ٣ֻռñˡˣȴ˷ܣⲻˡеķʸźá
ϤŹϣ³λܳһ䣬ڰֵˣ̶ѨǲáҶ˻Ǿʹ˻תתڸҡ
ߴƷǰֵͯ׳һſվеͯǰһЦǺǣԭλˡȻľҺ죬նһһ̣͡
ʲộǳĶţƾŵ֣ΪκһҴ֮֡ҵֻǶԾĻغźθɣˮӹ˲ö룬ſۣ߳Ҷܣš
ͯﲻˮӽ˵꣬ȵȻпãɽţҼǰӭλ롭һӣɽڵ󷨼ȻرաɴһĿȻǾݴԼԶɽȺ壬Ȼɼ
ˮӻ˸񣬸Եͷࡣ˵֮ǰǸ׳ͷǣֵܱǽթıλ֣˲С˵ΪĪģǸˡȻбֶܿء
ǺǣλϳӭҲܵˮӵѣҶ˲˳ˮһ⡭ƤЦⲻЦ˵һ䣬Է׻⡣˱ⲽȻɽš
ֵͯ׳˵
ǰ̤նֱľݴ
˺һӣԸԳ˾šڰգˮӲ⡣
ɽ࣬ԪӤĵӲǧԶĴǰʮλʿбӵһŮͤͤһעĿΪߣȴվһλޡ
ʶˮӰľԪӿеǸȻûŵǿǳϡֻλڵĸƾΪڵ𣬲ռѽķڷ

һˣԽɽȶе˵ʲõطǰͷֵͯ׳ںظ֮þʿһһעĿﴨһңˡ
ǡǺǰٰϡ棬̲סʵ
ﴨæֹסӵðʧһԵĵ¼صصͷŴӦǺڵǰҵڴ˴Īң򲻿çײת뿴ԶһʱĪȻû˵ʵȴҲûһζꡣžȻ峤ϣ̫˼ֵѵĵֻΪִһǿأָηڡ
뵽˴ﴨس˿Ķȥ̻ɥ֮ȮٶתȻ췭ظЦԼԪѷĺԵ֣ȴһ߻Ե
̾ɫأٰٲҳͷһؼʶʢĳ棬һƲסܡΪ˲õҫշ֪صĸԶţ˵һۼҲȥˡ׹ݵݣҪա

ݴǰɽƺϣֵͯ׳֮ع鼺ʮ⣬ˮӲɫư
ūǰһؾ˵λѣˣ峤ϣʮĳϡʮڴǰһſǰơ
λ໥һۣתò˵ŮӾ̧̧֣꣬˵һᡭеˮӴŲƵ鷢ʵǾŵΪβݼ񡭡
޶裬졣ɫ˺ǺЦҧгݵذڿ˶ֵļơֵͯ޶ԵģԵ۹ȴɱӿ
ūһ²ȾƬոƱһľ¡ͻ絽ĵѣȻɡ˷ŭ̧һСʾ£˵Ҿ֮ǿ󣬲ڽκһšҵȲԷƱλֺαǿ
ⷬ롣ū˵֪ǿȴûȥ۸˭ߣȴ˵ط˴ƽ۴Ȼ
ǺǣԷƱܺù󣡡ӸЦһܣĿ˵سӽѰİ֣ųΪǻ
ˮӸŸ͵ţȻ˽ڵĹء
˵ʱ򣬾һȺ֮Уиʿһֱ΢ЦƳūüǳ˼ɣʱ˵λǼţλ峤Ͻʦͽʹӣû漰κһţ㻵˽ڵĹءҪŭŤͷͶ㣬˵ѽ˵ֲһС˵
ūѴӳӵ׹ʦĲ²ⲻھ󡣾һͻƱ෽ļɵҪѣֽڶţɱеһʦλѽթһ仰
ˮӱ뾾Ǹ䣬Էȴ硣תŭĸ֣ԸΪūͣЦ仰δ䣬ǵڳ˶
ЦƫƫǵͷϣκΣͯЦ˵ҵ⣬ܵ𣿡ֵܣԼֵܣǰһͬ飬Ũصɱʱɽƺ
ˮɫȻ˺һҪ̤ն
ūҡҡͷ˵ҾŲԸΪСʾ⣬Իֽ˵οգλ⣬мƽϣͱˣ裬Ը
ʼạ́ȴǵ޿̵زūĻᣬǴǧǰɽ֮УǧʿȺȻ˴ԶĶзɳٲȻٴеļơһĸˣһšȴҲģ˲ã
ɽеɱﴨһ⡣æһƻסﺢӣ̾ʱ˲á˺ĸˣԺӲùѵҪغݲɡ
Σλڵĸȴ޿֡ˮóһöŵʾȼȱ㳲ҲסҶˡŵоƱΪڸһϤʣߴַ֮գܷס֮ŭ
Ӽ£˵԰꣡תūЦЦ˵λСȻȣҵ
ǰȺУԴ㬵ɫΡ߲鷳ˣܵǼ򵥣޲Һ󻼲ϡϼһﶯߴūͶڽ㣬㲻̫ࡣҿûȼֵֻ֮ܳˣӱ۸


984 Ŵ
Ųлҽ֮Ұģ֮ͼҶ
˵ⷬƶΪľ߼Ȼšǧдʵ˵һΪʾ⣬ŵҽڰ˼УΣ⣬ˮˮŵ峤Խ⣬ȥеݸģǲӣؽŭ
ˮӸŸ͵ߣ»ֽˡҶ˶֣˹أߴΪУʶʱߣǽ챦´ҡ
ţūɫءʮ꣬ѪȣȴʶԵı޳ܡؿ£˵տƾָλ֪һ䣬Ѵ°̧Ȼ̬Ա
һڵСȻӲԡӺԤϣ΢΢Ц˵ǿտƾأ֤ȷ䣬ݵִΪͷҲ
ֵͯѴ˴һ˸׹⡣ֻзԸ̼Ķ֡
ūü΢ݽۣɫɡ꣬£˵ʹ콵˻ҾҲΪλذɣͣ
΢΢ҡͷνľţˣ
ˮǣĵ˵ҶԻȥȻ
ū߬˳еСȭͷ覵һ㺮˪ͯϴ̲ͯסһڣ˵ӣҪֵܻˣߴŻ˭һҼɨƽˣ˭š
ˮӵ˸ɫ漴ƵóѰЦǺǣȻԭα¶ҰȻҡһ֣Է̤ն𣬻ĵ˵Ҫ֣Ҷ˷㵽ףԽλѻϹۣ鷳
ݴǰһɧλڵǰҪ۸ˡûϣ׶༪١ߴ򣬻ĽˣָΡ
ūЩңס׿ȺеĳӡᣬִһŵĲסԼ뿪򲻾öδ绢ǵʿĸǸֵӰȴƻȻһ㣬գ۾֪ʾʲô
ڴʱһ˺ѵĶͻ˲䣬ϷһӰ䱳˫֣̬ǻһĨЦ
ͻȻˮӲҴ⡣ʮɣǵ
ˣڳʿ˿ȴָĪ̫ϳˣûʶķͨѵϵָΪǿڵĶ֣вſٲˡ
ݼ̫ϳϡӲʧʱغһɤӣ˸ŷ׷׾Ϊū뻽һʦδſȥĶǸȻӰȻɫл͸һֲΪ֪ί
ɽĶǰɽ֮ϣڶԪӤʿվһ׹ŵĸһã۽Σһɶʢ
һ֮£Űﴨһڡ
ԵЩԣﴨȴǿ˳ϵһУΪ֮ǡūļͷۣŵصԳΪԲȴϲȨԷڡſǿȴడ˵زȾڼҵһУԺΪķӲáֵ䱻ܻΣΪԭֻһʿȱΪ죬λڵĸأ֪ˣڹ
Ŀ֮£еңңš
ˮӿԲԶӣ£ǳǰ˵һ
Ӹ˰Ѻ룬۹΢΢һ̧ʾ¡˼Ϊŵ̫ϳϣй֮δ֪˵ˣ챦ﲻǻ𡭡
һֱ˫ü絶ҷ𣬿Ų̬ɡбˣǱ˫֣ΪȻһԷɫһ䣬ȴ˵ʹ콵˻ҲΪūԣ⡭һʵĻ쳹ķڳΪ֮һ
ݴǰūɫȻС죬¶ƲסЦ⡣ʦİԹûӰ
ȺеĳҡͷЦٺ٣ֵʱ򣡶Ϊ̫ϳϣҪڹؼʱְףС«ˣĪΪҲ֪
˿ľˮӣλӡ֮󣬺ˮЩסٴʵ㡭һֵѣ
һڵŹ·壬ݴ˴ΣνǰֱʱҪԷĵСҪӦǷǷš
æ߶һΪ˾Ϊ̽ڵķңͬͬ˵ĺôøԪӴͷ˰ڲ䣬Ҳȵȡ
Ӵ˾٣Ƶ˷˼֮ϡνŵʵ⡣ҪˣؽܸĲ¼ɡֻǿߣ˵ķݺᣬأڵİ˴Ѳһ飬ο˰
һ̧ͷĬĬŰˡƬ֮˫üһ˵ȴɽţҵӣЮ֮ΪΪǺôĵӣ
ΪСˮһɡ
һһƲмޣҾ֦ͬơԼˮ򽻺áк˵ȸƣĪҪ
ˮɫãһʱᡣʱŽãΪβйţԷ˵˼ȥģǰĽڻòˡ
΢΢üӻ˵ǰֵˣӦɣλĳԽ֤
һͻȻЦ֤ڣǳԪǸ϶ϻһ֡ɼҪסһתڵȻͱ˵سŶԷȵ˭֪챦䣿˭еվָ֤ĳ㡢㡭
һ̣ɽµˣΪһƼĻȻעĿ
Ӳһε³һһСΪ˺ڵĸ߸֣ԿԼʶ֮Ⱳӣûкȴûһ۹⡭
ūˮЦⲻֹʦӦԼ࣬Χ֮ʱѣ˰Ĳ
ǰʮλ鳤οѣһʱ˵˵̫ϳϲ򵥣˭ȻǺڵΪȱûλĸƾֳһ˱
ԴΣֵͯܺǲΪȻĳ˿޺ʵΪѲĺһรɣȻλ峤ϣٶˡ
һɽϣﴨ۹Ӱɽ֮УִһĦȭƵĵתǸ߸ϵӰŵҡͷλǰ£ƻʤһֵǺڵΪǰ󲻹һʮ꣬ôأ
赲ΪޣﴨԵȻȴáٰһʵòһᣬǺĸ˲ɣ
ﴨЩʧãһɳ죬Īˡ漴һ߳㽻ǰ
أͬĲ˼顣ΪʿһĸζʲôүĶԻ˼һæ˵СǰֶƺΣ
ﴨ˻Щѵ˵˵˴һͬԴĽ飬⡭£ֵĪֵѿˣԺ˵ɣ
һԵĿԣϬ
ϣ˫ڶš
ԭбȴ·磬ʵʼϲˮӻִȴƤЦⲻЦ˵ȻֵһУҶֻлȥټǰָ
һһſ˵ɽšҵ֮δ㣬ߡ仰δ䣬ǰѷ۵ذ˳ȥգۼѽ﷽ԲһƬոΧͯϴܵؽеŴ򹷡


985 һԾŶ
ˮŲΣĽ٣˫˫ͷһλĸ֣ʤãʱͷܣΥеĳԣ
˲Ҵ⣬Ųδɽ󣬳ûϷȥеˮŵغŹ⣬Զ١
һ̤ն𣬻벻˵գĳλ˶ϣΡ
ת֮䣬˫ѵǧɵĸ߿֮СԲ֮⣬ǾŵϣԴ·ɽ֮У׹İﴨסվ
һܵĶһ߰á򲻹ֲӣզأ۹ԶǸӰ֮ϣһʧʱ˵Ե棿ϲִ¡
ʮɵˮԸ⣬漴Ÿ͵һжȫˣҿľΪС˵úܱɡ˴˶ǺڵΪһ׬⣡ܵһˣֺȫˣ
ұˣһԾŶ᲻ءһЩطһ䣬ֵ˵ǰͷܣľΪСȻֻһء
һΪΨһĿڣˮȲشӦϲ֮࣬λͬ鰵ʾ⡣
µͷȴ۹ͣͲ󣬿ǲСĪк̲ɡ
һΪȻҡҡͷ˵Ȼò⣬ĪҲˣһսۡһ̣˦̧ͷķʾ⣬ȻҪкλ峤϶ֵļơ
ѣϲϷҡˮӽסԹǶԵˣ۸һӮǳ׼
ӲһҵƤһ鴤һҧ˵š
һΪһ¶ʱһǰνڵĴ죬ҷ͵֮΢΢һķưȻաͬʱԶͳƳ˻𡭡
ˮӵԣҴӦ˱ǡѿڶȴֽһ˵ֵˣǲɢϣ
һͷǺһЦ˲䣬Ӱȥ
״΢΢һڴʱԶͻȻ顪һԼһҺߡſ³һ㵽⡣֮ʣĿɿڴ
ȻϮˮӺ˳ȥĹâ˸ֹӦ䣬ѱһƿնɫӰݺݻ˺󱳡䱻ȼӳֻ巨ԷȴӰƲɵ

ˮæңʩչݷ˲á͵Ӱ磬Ȼһ˫ȭһһ黤巨䡪һĺ֮ϡһڣſһѪ漴һͷɽȡ
ͬʱʧһȻӱץȥŵɫĹâٿȻȥգѽˮӽֱԶľݴһֵӰεض𣬴һЦݽӹȫ֮Ķ֡
Ϣ֮䣬ڵˮӱܻ׽ӱȴʶ֮УԷڡű˴˵˭뵽˳͵Ϯأһ̫ˣ˸ʤ
һɺͷܻŭˣթˣȴңʶ鲼ܣзֺ⣬Ϊá
һæˣ֣漴һڰ֮סΡתӣЦƣߣҲΪɱȡʤǴұΪ
һƵУ¡궼ôģһԴ˿ᡣ
Ӱ£ɫѿһֻʩչֶΣǿʵΪӦòκһԲĸ֡Ԫȴ˵˼黫֮⣬һǴ
ĳһж˺ôĿ»ʣһλɣ˺һͣȴ͸Ŀ˵ſⲽǰķǸɫĶ֡
ߣ衭ͫ΢ԲԸ˷ͷ
һҡͷЦһ˵Ǻǣɱߣ˺ɱ֮ߣؽȡ裡
ƾ͵Ϯʤ浱㲻ɣʼʩۿһƽӵͷĪһҡ̧һָǰķٿȻһĹâϮȥͬʱŨصѸķ﷽ԲͻȻΪ֮һ
ӳһǵһǣȶˣһ˵⻹ͷһڵĸְڿƶݡβһ٣ǰ䡣ޱߵҹɫϯɱ󺮳̹ǶҪ赲ȴ޴мܡһ»ƴͬһݺն¡
һɫһ˫üб˲ܣӶ˫ȭȥһӰѱ۶һһХŴҹա֮ɲǣβ̣һ޶ȴħ֮ͬƣȴǰȻһ壬ɱȥҡ
ʩչܱͨɷ֮ศΪסһԵɣΪһҲݲ׵ͷʶֱǿһۿβ˭𡭡
䡢䡢䡭카أš˺ѷΰĺҹգܹէйϮӰתŲצһһһǿһͷ㸲
Ӻ׹뾪κ֮УеΪͨûôֻٶƮҡһʱԳֶֻͣٲĴңæ𷨱ݶȥӰԼҵĹǡŭΣȻ
顱һ죬ӵĻ巨ѡʧɫƴػһձҪƶȥǡ顱һ£Ϯɽʯ֮Ͷ赲һԽסǵһ߸߷
ֻýۣอʹ˲þţƿգͻҧأһѪǿд߶ҵķȥɽӶӰףǡ顢顢顢顱һײ֮þһ֮յػһԶȥ
һʧֳһҷӰ̧ͷ˫磬ǴſЦ㣬ճö־ôˣɶԲһ๦
һ룬һ̧̤ȥڵһչâŤɲǣӰٿȻʧ
ǿ֮УӲŽĵͣΣſһѪѪȥ꣬м־ĶǵĹ
ʱӣңϢأֽסҡ˼£һͷſ¡æǿվˣֻ֫ٺʹֹͣסһδӽٺļ̌԰ѪһĿؿǰʮ⣬һӰա


986 ˵Ц֮
ŵɽ֮⣬ˮɫή٣ûɵģλڵĸˣԭ˶Ҫ˶飡
˱˴˿һۣ̾һִҴתԶһȺ˵ֵѣͣ
ɽ֮ǰһūԼϵվһšеֵͯͦظɫ͸ſ⡣ǶûʹӣŻԼֵܵĵ̡
һ΢΢Цţǰһſֲʧŵ˵ƣ򲻳ɽǰеλҪ黳ǰ
ˮɫΣæ˵˴ˡ˴ˡ
ǲһҵƤûѪɫǴǣอڴʹЦ໹ȴֻһݵ˵ҵ˹ƻֹʧ룬ֵػ㣬ż̡³ˮһޡҶԷδʹɱ֣ͳţʵϡŶԽ˼ɡ
һ۹˵һӶתҷԸպߣù˭ҴɱȥūӦǣֵظ͵ɳ֣֮¹㴫¡ľ޶ƣΪֳ̫һܻԼӳͽ䣬Чȡ
ˮɫһԵͷĹˡܳ϶޲þʹȥ̫ˣôһвС֮ͽԿš
һڰ֣Ϊȵ˵˴ˣʿɶֹɣ֪߲֣λѳεšһת赭д˵²Ϊ
Զ⻰һʱ򣬸ԵͷͻһԷ˵֦ͬ˴˺ޱɾ֮УĳãڻݼҸλ
֮Уˮͬʱ̧ͷͬʵԵ桭ԷһЦһԾŶתش˿ڴã仰Ǳһ档䣬Ժ˺ôԼͳɰ
;ǧһĳţλ֤ǿھŵԻؽƣǺǣһ·˳硭˴һΪɫ̹ϣѲ
ˮӲҵæֻֽ̧ڳ͵̬Źݵ˫˫̤ȥ˷֮У˼ƽϡȻԺ󲻵ΪУ˴˫Ҫ跨׽
ӰԶȥһͻķʧˡӴԺ󣬾ֳϵĴֶߡһжֻףΪˣȵȵĴ治һ㣡

ŵڳɢȥµӽŶضǱޣݴǰ徲ࡣһū֮⣬ﴨﺢһɽϸ
ʦס˵ͨΪǿ󣬵ӺƲ
һ˫ڴ֮ǰ̬СԵūʣڴΪʦѽഫΪβ֪һ٣˵ͷֵ߷ֵĽټֵĽ϶ɣ㿴֮Сתóһöհӡˣֵݹȥ˵ΪʦãΪԵĪҪ⴫
ӽнһͨнΪ֮ܣֻץסֱڲֵͯܽԲ亦ɼһߡʱū棬һ״ڡ
ūӹɫϲ
벻ū֮һʱѽ͸⡰ٺ١ЦֵܣǻͨޣǸʲôͨƸϡΣ
һأԶŴϵġݡ֣ͷҲص˵ֲٱֶΣҪá֮⣬ҵӵıͨ
Ӳغһ䣬С
һԹ˽˵Ҹմһġɣдɣȥһķʱ˵ٷָտɴǺǡ˫磬һĳ˵⡣
ӺƱһ£һ£ŭЦҷ֣ӴƲɫһ䣬ֱתæʵ˵ġǸ϶λǰҵĿھɣһлӵģǡӺʹһ͸һˣ
һᡰšһ
ӶʱһǰһЦ⣬ֲԽ˵ҵֵܣӰɡǷϷԣµͷĲ֪ǷҪӦԷһޣͨԷ˼ں÷ˮǰ֮˲޹ϵ
һں˵ӣһɣһھݣһūĳΪʦܣˮʾ⡭
һһ˦䣬˵̭ˡ
һһ֣ЦһԵūˣųʦȹأߣʾغһžʵʦͨγƺѽ
ҡҡͷִȴİõбֵñѾͷûûС
һ˵ͨþͳɣûơ
ūһࡣ
һΪȻصͷ漴˼㷨벻һ족֡콣ħӡؾ޽ȵȡ˵춷ضĪǽµɵ
ֶݼ常
˵Ц֮ʣﴨһ˴ǰɽƺϡһӰ·ɽǰͨ¡
ŵöһת֮⣬һڵľֹ죬鲻ͬ
ﴨȶһԵŮһ񣬿ڳưݼС塣˵ǰٰƨͶء
ū̧һǰһ㺮˪ٴɫ߳ʦΪ̫ϳŴϣ˹ݣ
µİٰŵƨһæŤͷ＾ɫȻҿﴨɫΣһʱ޴롣֮һҲ±ˣΨūɵ
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ӿãһЦ˵ȴ٩ﴨ㲻صҲǳǰһˣΪû˵
ﴨ˫֣־ּȴֲСΣ˵ӵѡֵѡˡȲѣæ佫ϵİٰץ޷޷
˸᲻ȥ˴˽Ϊˣֺأ
ū˵һһһЦֵԲ𡣷¹֣ζΪ˳Ȼ⣬ƾõ𣬷ŵ°ˡ򣬴ʱοǵѾеİﴨҲӦֻ仰ﻰ⣬һľ⣡
ۼﴨʱ࣬䣬˵ߣޣȻǡ
ȴǲϲֹףû˵õǬ̸ףŵ֣ḷ́ŤŸ̬ӣһֵʹͬ⣬ȱΪȴΩ᲻¾ɫͽκΡһ£תŰﴨüŪ۵ؽ˵ǧˣܵºɷҲкطֽ
ﴨһɣѪǹЦת˵һڳէɲհһ¾ݴأҿž꣬žݶףѽżãĲɡ
һڳӵٲǰǴЦ⡣ūһУȴǴɫɡԭֻһ


987 ˼
֪УȥﴨһңھŰ
һûνĴֶӣȴͳʮʯıʹðﴨϲ˺ָʹūһΪշ
ﴨĶɽİɽٰ򱻰һƧɽϾʱ֣һԿž֣֮֡̿ѳЦ̸ӣҰݡ
һǰפƬ̣ﴨ߻˶һпѡһŰݷòŽȥΪģרΪ̶ѲǵСǾŵ̫ϳϣȴһؿڳʮ㡣ˣԷһ֮飬ο֮һ־ϲ
ﴨڶ֮£һǬ¶ЦݡвɾھݿѰõ޼ġд̣Ӧò£
Ǭ䣬ﴨֶеһʯӡֳӵ֮һһΪԶ֮ﲢаáȴȦݵȴ㲻ʶĿӡԷ⣬̴Ƹ֮
ﴨַףгصͷ֮辶ȴַӶʧھɡֳϼȻұص߾ȫԸ

ɽĹ·֮ϣһϥŵģа֮õӡغǧȴ޴֪ѾͷĿлϤϹ󹤷ǰƣֻպȥˡ
һһץָâһСķӯӯųǰ֮ƣеĳǣ
ĥ˴꣬йԴã򷨸ͨԴԺĺôԹ
һſٿвˡȥǰһлָԭ״ֻᷭӿϢ꣬عķɫ˼
Դʰˮ֮󣬽򰲾ࡣڳӵ֮£ټӵĴ˵ơǰ޽Լˮδţֻһż⡣ԪȴʼûȻ뷨
˼еѽɾŵĴڣһõĿˡԪһ֮󣬲δ̫鷳ʹһҷǰĸ֣֮λøūŵУ־ٶȴġ
һ޼ΪɵΨֶԷʱšΪūӵиŵأֲհǰºΨǿ֮ʱǣ޹ң־
ĵδӻǰͰΪ
һ£Ҫڤ˼µɽ˽е
ֵܣˣΪλҪ½ǰΪȥ˺δлأ˾ӣ۸СѾͷ
λǰŻˣ˲ٻҪҡһһ䣬˫ۣ·Ķᡣ
ɽǼ˵ĶǰŲӹһ˦ֱͷƼǸģӰһתֱŰ°ֱգ꣬εҡҡͷֵ˲ʵµķȥ˺δѵ뻨˶ٻҲŲأˣһԼ֮˵޳ٷٺ٣ʱֵܿĪҪԲλŶ
뵽˴Եһ֡ҡҡλεԶһ䶴ȥ֮⣬иŽصĶڣĸ֣˼ҡ

ħ磬ɸ߷壬ħڰٲݽ֮һöһлȻš˫Ŀ΢أƣٶа쳣
֮Уӡħǵħӡֱգӡ˾ųɾţһʮӡ죬Ψշĵ磬ʩչĺȻһһ๦֮󣬱һͣ
ħӡӡһ쾳ˡħ˵ԶԶⲻľĸˣ˵ж쾳ĳǿڡΨнµӡ׻ӡһһ޳ɣԺƴɱһȻֻϧӡȱв֪δѰǬħӡħӡ

ħ߷֮һݵؼ䣬ڷһʮɴСŵɷ׻Ϊ졣˲ԶĵϣһûŮӺţһϮӳȹΪׯòȴδȥȻǴźеһߡһվһıƣɫдһĨҵЦݡ
꣬һŮӵ߿ʮɵԹ˵ɷ׻˰֮÷ȡΨһŮź˼ֺΪס˵ţһƨڵϣֵ䡣Ҫˣǵħ޷ǰһ֮ɣ
ЦãмΪ֮
һæµʱǧʼһ֡˰Ĺ򣬴ٳһŮӵźٲԸȥ䲢¿ۣʱĴ֦Ҷһ㣬ɲɵĻơɷ׻Ʊϸ¡в˼ʹá
óһ⡣ѯ֮£ǧͷ֮УǡһòŮźɹ˵æ˽ա
ϤԪ֮Ҫ쾳ΪɡǧֻлΪҪһΪʱԶ˵źȥٵ鷳һгɣƾԭеľָò˳ɵΪʵһɶõĽݾ
˵һתȥ߹ڽԣأ԰ʮģǧȴӰƮȻᵽ˵ϵźǰͣ¹
һͻȻһָʾ²й̣Ϥźã˵ţһָ˵ֽ⣬Ǻǣ
Ųӣصһͷ˵㻹ûꣿʹʲô֪𡭡
һһƲƲ˵ðɣ˥Դһˣ
ʱǧѽϵźһǬСԭĬȻƬ̣ת˵ػΣλ𣿡һЦݣ鶯ȴ΢΢⣬һ纮ҹеĨ»˸֮⡣
ǧԼɫ죬һ΢΢һ龫ƮĪŮӣΪģԼһƮ޸֮ˣں飡ҡҡͷ˵Ը⣬ǣֺˡ⣬סתһԵԷȴһɣ˼ҡ˭ȥ
ǧеٿûתȻһЦ˵ҪѰһرչء֣ʧгСӣʶꡭЦδ䣬ȻƮȥۺӰתۼʧڰҹ
һЦ뵱Ȼ˵һδѱ˸ˣָ
˸ˣһԶüͷǧ࣬һƲл깶˽Ϊãд򡣶ٱЦݣʹȻҪʲô
˵ҪչΪҪҲʧ
һҪûȥһعæʱֻ꣬㼸仰ɰ;ϣ
ƨɲҪأںתʵʺ£һԵλɷµָ͵Ψֱ֮Сˡ
һָ
²ͽ̣һʳָ˵ϵаȡԼʥŮ֪˵Ϊ֮ϣ֪ɵǺεȵľ磿һָʵޱɾУǷɵ۵ĴͻƺĵҩҪ֪ʿںô򡭡


988 Ʒ
ǰÿ±ܶᣬһȥ׷ʡԶ̫ңԶ˷һвϡԼһССʿÿһãóòңɽˮ֮䣬ӣ
ӴѰ˴ġݣ־һ֮Ѿõһ·շ֪ҳڣµ·췭ظı仯һζ뵱Ȼ֪㳣֡ҪѰһڣҪھ⣬Ҫزٷֿⲻķ׷ţҪʱһһĪδ֮صĽ޼ҡԼȵȣԶնҵľͷ·׷ڡֻ̧ͷããѰΣƷ
ʴ֣ʱһװͿö飬ӶһӰҹٿȥ
뿪ڵݵءʯʮ⣬Ҫȥ˯йعķƱã˲ף¼ȱ˵ָôӺأȻˣһɽһз·תһա
û߶ԶХΪȻתֿЦСӣҰ˵ʹˣǡЦȻֹ͵صԲһ˫ۣҹеһӰ
һģĹƮҹ֮Сеĵⲻһ˲ĿȻСҪԼΪūΪͣν롣ͷֻʵʵطԼǰƬĪǺδС
ԶԶһӫ֮£ҹɫҵһԪ֮һеĹ飬ԭ㵶ʮ⣬˴ӵվȴһԲɫζ
㡭û
Ƭ֮󣬶˼ͬһ䡣ɲǣ˫˫ڳĵˣʵӺζ԰գ˴תԷɫĪ
һǰ˼űվؿŰеĹӰ˵˸ɵۿ֮һ䵱ǧʥʹ巴ĿΪã֮֡תǰǸߴӰ˵ڣԶ뵱Ĵ·ɵ֮󲻸ֻأһڹ֮ء
һȻȴǳһ΢΢ҡͷ˵㲻ϵǧпԭ˵ڻʶҲŲأȻҪףǡһ٣Щĵشķתֵ˵˱˵ħ磬ȴֲǵǰĪֿԡҹ֮У˵¶ֵӰ
ʮĬĬԵɫòͣ㵣ٵп˻ĪȻǰ󲻹ϵλתһ˵Сӿƻجج޴־Ϥ˶飿ĳ϶֪ʲôǧʥܲ⣬ɺϡеλȴǲҵ̾һˣֻϧ˷ǡ
޴־ΣԶǷǷҺθɣһ·ţңԶһо塣һʼͷһδ֪ɷ˾Ȼʶͬɫޡ
Сӣ֮²ⲻıɽһǣҶг롣ԭĴ֮һֻת޹壬Ϊ
ǰղλɵ۱ȼ磬˴˸ֵܣģ
һüһʱ档ȴλ벻Ĵһһ̫˼£ĬĬλɶԷȴͬʱеˬػ˵Сӣ֮ж֪ȻҪףձ촰ڻΣԳ˵Ȼעһִš
԰Ϊ˼ʱһʧ̬иֵĸпȵȣһת۵Ĺ˫ϬسԼˡǾעžͷƤһͻȻɺæ˵ţ촰ŰɣȻϵǰһ֪аʥŮˣԺԻֽ̣ʱֻ֪ޱɾУǷɵ۵Ĵͻƺĵҩ
һֱһַź룬˵ʥŮû˵ޱɾΣˡ㡭֪˵ţٽĹӰԷЩȴ͸żƵĪػصǺǣһתתǬΥ
һͻȻԼˡ˵Եʮһƫִ֮ˡ˭ֻҪǣԶʱģ޶ֺмӣʴӡ䲻Ը룬תߣ˵˺꣬Ҫչλɣؼ
Сӣ߰һ˵˵ͻȻ˾ͷЩ⣬ȴ²˵һųҵ¡
һͷҲصԹ˵ߣȴʱҪȴ㣿˵ɡδ䣬һʧҹɫ֮СԭһӰ
ں⣬ֻԶʱԻиһ֮תԶʵȻˣкβĵġԷΪȻҡҡͷ΢΢һ漴ֵ벻һ갡
ƨᵱ¡һ֣Цж˼ĪĲɣ뱯׳Ȼһȥķɫ˼
ֻﰡ΢΢һ̾˵Ψƽ˽սȴ˴
Զջ۹⣬ظһͦϵغߵΣֻҪٴͷ
ڵӰҡ£͸ź˵˭ʹɵۻɢ屻ƽһɲ¾ɱһսνѡ鼤˵ԸΪֻ֮أֻΪžһգ
ǹ£ֻͷʹס˿ڴ˵ҾݺһһսȴΨӵһƲлֺ꣬γǵŶһסɫԿο˵۸ߺһᵽ仰һתʵΪɵڡ
Է߷ƽ˵ȱ㲻ΣѶѭˬɫһʵʲż֮ʱ㲻Ǵ˵ˡҲ⣬ʱмơѵǡǣȻ뱻˵ĶԻ
ͻȻζصͷ˵ǣ漴һӴ֣յЦķ紵ݶħˡ˴л޷ҪסСӿ¶״ʵͷأ˴ദ꣬һ֪ߣ
ֵ۹⣬ῴˡڵᡣ


989 Ը
ħɸ߷֮£ɱаǸɽ֮Уһ˫ֶԶȦӡ˴ǰҪߴտ࣬򶷵ĺۼҵѵȻ޴棬ֻеӫӶл뵵ħ֯һܣΪⷽŵƾ˼ֵأ
֮⣬˹ʾطģĲԶ˵ҹĻеʢٽٵ⣬ƴɱʱĲңı׳һִļعҫڴȵȡ
㣬һɽҹĲ²⣬Ź˵ÿһ仰һ·ȥ£ֱȥԵʱҪ̹ȻࡣԷ˵һУЩ⣬ЩΡ
ԶȻ߲ɾԳǬе졢桢ŷǷʥľ磻죬ζĴڣޱƺ󣻹£졢ءܱ֮ټɽת
֮УŶΪǿߣԳΪɵۡɵۣĿߣΨһɵ֮£ʥߣĴ𣬻гǧΪȵˡ
ķΪ׻䡢ȸеֵܾˣΪ׵壬˿ƥٵصй֮ɵ۵ұۣνλȺƲǳ֮У׻壬ʹû³֪
Ĵ𣬷ֱΪƽȡڡʤ죬˸ͬ
νʥߣֻᵽɣаһλԼԵɣɲꡣ˽ǳѵĲת󵹸ֵǿ󣬹𣿶ǡǡһ׵ģջһ񡭡
֮Ϊ˵Ĳˣ˴ղػһתŸ̾Ī⣬ڴ࡭
ͬʱһͣ˽Ųֻ꣬һԼ·ȻαؽһиνˣĬĬ˼Σּ̧סɽڵħһա˺ֲܲ˾ŵԪ󷨡
ֻŵǰβһƬҲ鿴һһӣɾ˲ϣڴʱһҹâĿ䣬ٲŵ£ʩʩȻϥ붨֮ʣǽס˿
ڣԲ֪ʥŮ˭׳־Һ鲻ơƱѩָտɴؽ׾١ǿѳɾ˵뵱Ȼѵֻһʹ죬Ȼһ۸ߺ̫Ƶĳˡ
⣬ȼΪĴ֮һԱԶ˲δֻǿյһˡͼδ֪ڼҪβΪأǲмԵʣ
Ե֪֪֮˷ɰս˽Բᵽ֣Ǳä·֪ʮȥ˭˵ǿԶһͬʧˣˣԼʥŮִӺ
ҪзΪټһп֮򡣶ױԼȻ
֪䣬һͷһԹؽҪйͷšӳȭǲƲȥһǬ˶ң˶Ѱڣ
ʮɴСߵһҫɾ֮УһϥŨüбҷ޷ȻƻɢٲȻһصסƬ֮к͵ͷʹӷȻת˫ۣʶѸԶȥ
֮⣬ڳ̸һ󣬻ѴԸһȥ˯һĥƽ֮
һջʶ΢΢һ֡˴ʶ꣬㻹Ƕָơ
ֻÿеķ羰һʱȶòΪ֮ȴǳԱġ˭ûһҵִء
һ漴һ־ŵȻŨˮԪӿ

ڱͷ֮ϵɷۣһħڱĿһħ֮УΨ˫ǰתħӡ֮ӡ
ӡڻͨȻһʮչͨ伮ƣΪתϢ֮Ϊ̫֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ̫ᣬ֮Ϊ󡣶̨̫Σ˱䣬ڤΡͳ֮õȵȡ
֪ȥ˶ãһ˫ͣܵħŨңȴһƬþֱ̤֮Խççԭһ޼ʵıѩֳ뵽һڰ֮СȻ֮䣬ͻȻһǧɵľ޴ب֮߷裬ʱݡ
һ̣һȻſ˫ۣаɷüһ˳Ʒסһ磬ӳֵķֶȥϢ֮䣬ٶѸӡȻһͷĻӰ漴ֱķѩꡣڴɲǣʮָɣʮʮһˡʮȥˡ¡աȸӡһҹ֮жʱһ̶һѶʮɵľ޸䡣ߺŰκˣֻҪضƲɵ
ڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣһ伱˦Ǿ޸δ㡰顱һȻɢȥתƬƬķɻڲӰҹ֮мžɣʲô䰺һƲааЦвԵ֮ɫǰʱ꣬ӡһ֮ʩչһʽͨΪ
һ˫֣ܡʶ֮ħ羡۵סʯڣԺ˯ʮ֮һɽ֮Уǧһ˶ԾޡǸڻæƽ
ǧεģһΪȻҡҡͷǹѾͷ֮󣬻֪ǸʲôӡԸһ˳
һ̧һǧڵɽһľءΪħˣ˾ٲޱ⣬ֻǲ˾Ѿͷˣ
µСջ񣬲Ъ¿๦˴һǰ̤˼ת˲ѵ֮⡣źۼΣǰݵشͨһ죬йӰζ
ף벻㻹ֶΣˡ׾
ǿѱһȥɷ׻Ȼݵ֮䣬ȴȱʧһС顣ݴ˲Զĵϣ߰˾˵źӦƱáƮƮһԣɫЩ뵡صĹ򣬲ȥƵһɣ˲仰һ٣ףֵħѴ˾磬һ֮
һ˫ŵأҡͷЦΪҪ㡭


990 
һֱһշڼʮʿȴʼղԸԷӽʾãȴ޶
ҹɫУڵӰƮǰʵüĿٵҲէһǸѰʿΨ㲻մӰ͸ż˵Ĺ졣Щؿһ˵֪ҵݣֵĽ飬˴ٲǣţ˰Ｚкô
һŲӵ֮ǰϵΡźıڣȴδ˷ֺɼƽַΪϵ΢΢˵ͷЦǺǣĽ鲻£޹ءʮҳײʵ˲ţתڣ赭дؽ˵һ֮˽ݻķôҪգ
ݻķأȱ֣ѵҡЩŭЩίȴһʱ޴˵״Ի˿ʵҪſϷŹʮ¡
һ˷ģһε˵ǲţǵѰ
ҵͷҪ裿㡭ߵģȻתŭȥѰ˵ȥй
һааһЦΪȻ˵御Ա𣬹ڣĴвͬͬˣΪҪ㣿һ٣ĵ˵ҲȴðʮܽǻɱԶˣֽ֪۹һԹ˵Ҳʹӵĸ棬Щ鷳ˡ
תһһҡͷ˵ԲȻͷܹݲˡ
˵ѵûе𡭡һ˫һ̯޹˵ҿϷ㣬µЩˣڹصİɣʧ㡭
ţæֹһûŲطס̾һ˵ǿֵϡҿ׷ңȴ֮衣Щ£Ϊ֮һһƴԲսЧ֮ˡֻͷƳԶתЩĿɬ׹˵Ըûˡ
۹ⲻɻǶĴɻһߣһǵȡֻʯС֮ͽԶʵᲢۣ
ǰ˴񡭡һһ˦æŹ֡
ԭǸĸ֮ˣʱڵûƢܹԼľʸ־壬Լֺαأް͸ЩΣ˵ƽƣд󡭡
Ǻǣһŵǧ𰡣һ¶º͵Цݣ崺ػ˵ԳֺС˶أµʾΪǿƽ⣬̾㣬ָβָ̡֣̬ǫѷУٲȻһʶĺ֮
ڿһЩʧ񡣶Է˼άѣһпգƲźۼȴÿÿ⡣ôòˣȴգۼԼӲʩ˺üأֹǻͷֱƵϼ޻а̸ֹʵԴȣ
һָŵϵİ˾źԹ˵ڵĵʮλһһȡʮһźɡҺ֮£°빦ȥ룬ܲˡֻֻ֪ʼڻҡ浱ҪȫԸʱ򣬾˳⡣Ĳתǰ֮
ˣֻý˼ǰ˵ûѰĻ֮ǰֻȡʮźɡµĻǴ֮У𻵡
һȻ˵ΪǺǣˡҼʶǳ
ڰЩƽ˵ֻ֮ʴֺ˵ǣֻ㵱ʶһµΪ
ҹɫ£ڵܺϵŵʬƬطԵɭɲһ˵ȴ¡һںʵ֪ǶΪѲɵǿɣ
һͣһĳνΪ״˵ҵֻжڵΪΪڵľ磬ͬնһ٣Ϊ԰˵ʮλ£ȴɾĽɡʮɣԻָ˳ɵΪڵǲĴڣԳŵһء
֮޹壬ٽźԻָԭ˳ɵΪɴ˵ϤڵЩʿΪľ磬ȴǿ֣֮ӦԵľ뵱ΪйءɾĽɣ˰ôֵǿݺ⣿޼ֱȥѰ˭
һһ˵סͷһüа̬֣֮ȻȻʮһ˷ߡ
һ΢΢ͷ˼ȱǷѣܳɾһۣɲǿɣһЦ޼˵ֵĹʿ׷棬ֵʢָտɴ
ؽ־̫Զ󣬶ҲҪѰһŮӰˣһۺһգȻ峺ɣ̬֮һ̣Ų˵ɵ۸õǶڵľˣ»ɱ𡭡תڣʣɷͽ̡
Ϊɱãںطʵһͬɻ󲻽⡣仯֮죬žʲô
һΪڻһ˸ʣû뵽Է˵Ȼʹ졣æ֣ɫڴ
δ룬˵Ϊ桢붴ɵ۷Խⲻ֪֮ϣиĪеκһˣԻء
һƤһʧʵ˵ɵ֮ϵĸˣںηڡǽ⡭˵ĸǱڽ֮УڻǳͣɣԼ跨Ѱܴ֮ھŵһĶֵʵعӣȻһ
ڡ⣿ǴǰϽɣšһ˵ǳƽ٣Ӧ˻ɣºɵۻʦ۰һתͻȻʵ˵Զ𣿡
һ˵ͷּæҡͷ֪֡Զʣһʯеõɷ׻𡣿һ޴˵
ڶһԴ½˵ݴԶʲͣǨŭڶԷĵӡɵ۵ʦ֮һԷڻ֮ѷأȥأʱǨҵǵ˿ɳ֮
һĬȻƬ̣ٴʵЩȥ˺δ
ԶȻԶźġԶźںηΨеɵ֪֮صǷǶԹ಻ˡ
һ۹ڲԶǿϡеһӰ˵ŵķꡣѪҫԱԶȥ䳾ֻųĺܡסͷ˿˵ֻһ£Լ޹ءһ·ȴһ


991 Ұ
һͻɽɱΪ˹ڻڹУһֱĥƽ֮á
֮ʣټһӲʩ㽫˵ͷɻݷһԡ˴˼Ȼû˽٣Ҫƽ֮ǰβԷĳֻֽ̣ýԼԽһһ˵
֮ν򷨹ڣȻͬΨʩߵΪ뾳ѡһУСֳ֣в˰ˣ׳֮Ϊ֮
һֱһ룬㲻մΧȦӡһһԣʱŵͷɫעԴΪο٩٩̸ֵɽѰн벻ɱ֮Ҫ壬ԴҪƽⲻѡ
йԶԵɣȱҲ˵Ȼֻ֪ǳսΣ˭̰˭󵹸꣬˭ⲻҵȵȡ̹ȻǸһӵȴֻװ˯ɵʱΪֽ̣һǳû˵ͬһ׽˶죬ҪΪӮ
ĲԶͣ£Ȼһʽͨһ׽ӳַĸߵͶֱԪ̫ǿ֮֡
һͻȻָһһƿնȥ
΢΢һһʵڶΨ쾳緽Ԫáħ޲壬
һ˫һʣסԵһЦ˵Ҳ¶ǺԵʣһ˿ԭá֤ʵν֮ϲֻϧ̫СؾʹáԷ˵ǰһ෨Կʩչʱգħӡ
㻹ǲȳˡһɫαδ֪ɷһ䡣ԷȴóһöʵԽһ׽еһʽɷ޵ݳΪǿ󣬻ָ㣡
һó޼ҵġ޽ȴƪһɬѶ䴧Ħһӣȴǲ䷨λĸˣǡÿһ
ڽӹԼӲ鿴Цʲô޵һʽѰɼҽѣв֮ȴǣǿᣬʵ˹α
һ찵޼֪ѵĽ֪θ롣һɱ˵Ľ̫˼ǰʣǽ֪ɺʩչ
ҡҡͷ˵ͨΡһ˵Ȩһ룬µ˵ĶʩչĽӦרԸҵ֮ˡСʽ֮˵ֱΪħҽ½亦е·𡭡
ħң𣬽ټ򵥲ȴǻصĴͨһЩĪɵ۵ʦĪǱеĵޣҪŪ֮ҵԵɣҪȥ׷Դˮʯѵѵδ뺣µħڣþĴڹɣкĴ֣ħ壬ħٹȣǰ¡
һʧ˫üвĳ嶯ȴܵͷһҪԼľף;ȴǲ·϶ѡ
Σڻ⣬οʽˣȴ޽⡣ƾҶĴٷȵĶ֣δزһҿȻһЦһָӯӯһ΢Ĺâ
һ۹һ̧в⡣
ڲ˵ָᶶһâ𣬻Ʈһ˫ü֮䡣
һһɫȻ
ûԣ̾û䵽壿ֻƾȡʯ߲öԶ
һһˣ°һ˦Զûһ˵²žȡ˼龧ʯѣ߶ûꡭ
һɣĵ˵ɾѣٻֻط󣬱׼ٷؾʬ˲ƸΪɶҵ̽˭˲һץعâΪ˵ߣĵ˿ֺα鰵Ͷ
⻰˵ãֱʹһС˰ɵֻ󷨷ɣûֻϡһعͷüŪۣȴһȻæ߾˫֣˵Ǻǣ³򣬿ɴ˻Ǵˣѵǡ
ΪƫִȴǲͨԷģΪãֱͦɫһͷ˵֪ܸģĪɣ죬Ϊ˽ܣһδۣ˽ܡ߲죬ںһ֮䡣
һͷ⣬Ǵˣأμʹɱ֣˭˵ȥĽû˲ҪЦ֮ǳ׶ô֪١ֻ䣬κΡ˵ţȥ
롰šһ̧סʱϣ˼ǰ˵ɡ
һӹǵâԼ漴ְ̧üʶоȻɵһƪھ˼䲻䣬һ䡭꣬Ȼʵ˼̣Űֶѡ
޽ԣзǧڳʣתָĪ˵ٴ飬洫һ仰Īǣ
һͷ޵ΪĴ֮һţһϥ漴Ŀڤ˼
Щ⣬æһʱ㲻ǻɷ׻𡭡
һԹ˶ţص£Ұꡭδ䣬ֲ¼ңȻǲ˴š
ԭأһʱ޼ƿʩƬ֮һ˦䣬Ѱ˿طЪϢ

ɽ֮ϣһɶ֮䡣һָϥͷϣһ°ͣҲĬĬԶһɽʯļȻͷٴʧȥӰһѳǿ֮С
һգķǹ˸ޱߵľӭʹһΪ֮һޱĵĺ֮У˵ı΢СÿǳįǰЩãȻ֪ǳڹ㣬ȴҡ
һôƮǿ֮УɫԶįֱþ֮ŵͷ¡޴ĺĿɽˮϤľšס£оһ
ǰһ㣬˺һҡ֮ĶУĳ˵ɵ
һŨüһĿȻ˫ſͣ٣͵شһķ漴̽ǰץȥ֮ɲǣʮһǿУͻȻһ󡰿ĵŻٲ綦¯һƺƴˡ
һв˲䣬ϡ١һδɣڵķкȥһһâķַɳֻһɫѸû档ʱķŨصɱ˺ǿղ죬ҪΪ磬𷽲ŵƷǸʤһ
һδұŰɱͻȻϮ΢΢һæ˺ܡһĹǿһ顢顱죬ǿǿͨתۼѲڡǱסΣһ޿κΡ
һ˶ع·壬ԡԴ޽нԼڵĽ޲ꡡΪСջȴһ޳ɡԶɥĽĳ˺ʱܴԼͨء
һƣȴ⵽˾ŵĶƬ̣һ˦תء


992 ȥ
ɽ壬ӱ˫վԼҵĶǰȻԵõģ϶ЦݣŲԶһ˵ڷѣ㷽˵Ȼ֪ͷԻתֳϡ˵ţ֣ٲȻͿ͵ļơ
ǺŵĴڷ磬۵ףɸʤǰž֣ȴԸŲŲ´Щʵ˵ʦһʮ꣬Ϊ˴ηʦǰɲ԰ݼʾ⣡
ٺ٣ֳϿֵܣⱲ֡Цһ۵Ŵڷ磬ֵ֪ǹʦ壬ǵҼأ˼ʦͽֺα˼
ڷɫһæαȻݼֳ֡ϣ
أԺٺЦţƽصͷ̧һָʾ˲ڣͷɣҪ̻գеӳٺ٣æʵϾ㡭һķʱ죬ΪǵҫԴֵĹǷͦࣿҰһƣţһơ
ڷ̧ͷһĹ·ϲӰת۹⣬ʱĿɿڴˮͰ֫ŻĵۣӰɦŪˣֳ֮һ֣ȻŤͷض˸л͡ǻŽصĶϣĸɧĴ֣˼ҡ
Ƭ֮󣬴ڷعסҡͷЦǷǱѰ׽λȴΪĹֵѹ˻ֵܣ˴˼䵹ҲãȥӲνţλ˰
ԭֻʣ˴ڷһˣĴƮϢĵһʱȥǻͻȻ˵ڷ磡ʦǰкָ̣
ڷ˺һżԲںʱһӰԱ˫ǺЦ۹һϲ˵ԭֳ֡ϡǳƺһϺЩⱻǸȡЦ˵䣬ȴ
һǿзأƾš֮νƬŴڷ΢΢˵ͷЦ겻ڵĴ֮ϲɺأֻūڱչأԻ͡
²ΪӶڷɫһæʸڷϣֱȻʮ꣡ϴηһѹʮ꣡ķѾãòչһʱաֱСгɾͣʦšǫһȴԷӵɲ⣬סЩٵ˵ֳϣֵһᰡ
һΪȻذʾ£ǰȥǰһ鷽ʯǰųŸĴڷкʶ꣬˴ף˵ţ°ʯͷϣóһֻ˹ȥֵūƵİٻƣı⣡
ڷ羪Ҵҵл˫ֽӹһʱϧѡ
һóһֻūƵĻƣ嵭ȴˡôСŮҵ⣬һζڷ籧žƺʵĪǲϿζҸ㻻һ̳վơ
ڷ̧ͷϵûӰЩΪ˵Ƴūʦ֣֮ȻʤҺֻǲ᳢֮žֹҵһٸнһ׷ɱĴ½ʿѳΪһĸˣΪͽҲźţܲ۶أ
һ״ڷ˼ȴơԷΪףòʣΪҲūôһλأӦǼ¶½Եһζǿ
ڷһЦסһΡλӵʦ˻״ؽ˵ʦǰʵת桭
һͷʾԼšһ´ǧͷȫԴʵΪʡȥ˲ٵ鷳ūУȻԼйأͬ벻ӵһݹ͡˴δڷĵţֻΪŮ˽顣в֪к˵Ҿġ
ڷ˵ϻسֳˮˣνڡˮŮԭɣϤºǷ˹˼ɡ˴ѳͬ˲ԺհΨгԪʼվĲԶ£˵ڼʦĶ෽߷֮£ڻϤ⹴ᡭ
һüһᡰŶһڰ˼ңΨˮΪСбʣֻڵʿ֧鹡ŮһŮӡ
Ԫ޼ѽйصһй¶˳ȥʦͽںű֮ҿʦＰʱȰ衣ݰ˱˼ȴɲԺ͡ڷŭ˵Ԫӻмɵȴʼ׼Сд̣ʦƽ˾ʦǡ£ֵ׼ҼȻ֪ȴмƽϣֻպ
һɫɣأĬԭˣֲ޼ҵһںԼ䣬ˡʱʵңǸ׼ҵ죬֪̫ģ޼ңѵ⣿
ȻԶ˽ڣǷǷʼһ·档ΪֻǿУĴһҡȴΣ洦ڣֻǱڹ˰ˡ˵ֹǶĳ˲⡭

ħ磬Ƭɽ֮ϡ
ūԵǸɿݵģųǰөʯ۵ĹôĲҵ
һħӰһȡͷۣЩ۰졣
ǰĹǴȡʮ˵źŴڼһȺĹꡣ
һδʩչЩĹ顣ڴˣÿͳһɾħжһطڶԷ
һ̰֮ˣ˵Ĵ󷽣⣡²Сڣö߷緶һĳɼиĹۣشһȺ±չȥˡ䲻֪ǣĳͳʮɾ֮ʹ˺һӡ۵˽ܣߣν۲ƣ
֮⣬һɷһʯҡҡͷһ֣ߵϥƬ֮һǰƾնһСĹâʶм龧ʯзɽɳ
ΣһааһЦħıԾšʿûǬӣȴɽɾһһȡԭСſá֮νǬĪǣڶ˽ڡԼ֪Լĥʱ֮ͬ
⣬֮ûнЩʿֻħ֮ûӵóȥڵһ£оϲ߱ؽֿԡշһȺЧ֮ʿҲһջˣպƽϡ
֪ΪΣ뵽˴һͻȻͷĪһţ漴ȻǰĹâþʧ񡣺ܶ˵ָδԹʵԼʱĺҽթ䣿ʦ˵ҪرĶȻǸСʿȥˡ


993 Щį
һûеСʿʦ飬±ţʯҹȥ˼ӣ
ǸСһ򵥣ʳһöϺĹ֮ǰشӴ˲ͬ
Ǹɽ֪֮ҲϪ֪֮ҲΪˣСʿ뿪Ԫۣ뿪˼Сɽ壬һ̤˽Ϊһŵӡ
һµ꣬ٽǰΣ̤ѩġ䲻ʦĽ̻壬ÿÿС΢У
ΪѰһ·껯һԨ֮µǱһѩɽֺԭνԾ˿ͷʶ˲ǵ׺ĵն񣬱Ѫȷĥѣ쳾еůů
Ǿʮֽֿڵ̳γһ̳ˣֻ֮£ܷ¸ɱ䡣صѪ졢һľֽǵһȻôķ޶Ŀ·ͷ­Ĺת˸䡣Ӵ̤˺쳾ߣһȥ
зɽ󣬱ǱԨֻãԻ
ããٴγΪѪڼ尾еڷ󡣶̤ѾõĴģӦӲϾòӾȥȫӦֻбȽթӽթֻбȲпΪпᣬھгһ·Σɱ֮ϣûʤߡԼøһʧȥ˻빲Ůӣ
֮һвǳѪȵֻءˣȻǸСʿΪһǿҲηʿ仹òᣬĵĲɣȴӵһ壬Ķ䡣ͣħаĽᣬʹȻʱһԼ
һ·ȴ˳Զ˱ģֻһ˿ǻ𣬲Ԫ۵ĸСİ
ǵӤ֮ʱһǻ޴벢Ȼˡ֮УִħֺαؽҹȺ˸һƶʣҶ㡣û˷˪мڵĳţûд󱯴ϲĥ̸ֺƵĴݣ
ǸСʿȻԶȥĽŲȴһֱǰʹа۽թٱ䣬ʦĻӲʧĳڡ
ɽϣ£һšȥʮգŴƵ˼תסһͳ̾ϢȻмƣ
֮һһһСŹâǰ״ӵľ̳ӡȼ̳ȵӡԴһšֻͬʱʩչⷨͨͣɡħߵı׻νа֮֮ͬ
顪һ΢죬һĿ˾̳⡣Ũҵľʱסűӳ¡΢΢֮ǷһĨ޵Ц⡣
ͬʱʯûˡ
һܵλȻԹ˱˾̳ӡڴʱһߴӰҴҺǲҰھ𣿲ö
һط֮
ͨ£һѽ̳ڻС꣬һ˫ԲֿۣЦСӳҡתһοظп㵹ûǾ仰벻һƵһգ
꣬һħڣʵȡ̳ơһҲϼջУ뻨ӹһ̳Ѿͷʹ̣Ӧµ̳ƸԷšǰλ޳ԪӦÿԹһѾ񫡣
һδ̳ǰһƣЦȻŵʳԣ̳ƶ
ž̳ӣư죬εģ۷Ź˵˺Ұƶɣĳζáһҡҡͷֵϡ֮ܶ
ҪԼͬҰھƣһΪȻƳ˾֮⣬кãʵͽһ
һƳһ˵ħޣֲǱ𣬺죿ˣҪſ񣬾ҪҪ
һæ̧ģЦˣҪһ䣬˯졭
šһ룬˹ȥŶ˼ֵºͣĿ˵ԭС׻˯һĵˣСһȥ
Сһأλѳ֮һԸͷָž̳ʵҰھкôΪɣ
Ȳر̳ӣཹཡ֮󣬾δ޵ҰھƱԭζӴ˵ô򵥵ΪΪ
һԼ⣬ֳ˻ؼʶǰλſڵ˲䣬ˮѻһ漴Ԫ֮ʧ
˵ԶźĵҰھƣôһǾƾҡͣˡ
һҡҡͷʲôô
ΣʶΪߣ桭
˴һ΢΢һȴץһ̳ƣԹβ˵
ߣʱΪӣȱ˵иƨã֪˺ô㻹Ὣաֹ̳һڣظ̾겻ζշ·ֻص˹ȥ
һĿ̳⣬ŨҵľԶŵĲɣͷΪ֮һסǺһ֣еɻ漴ɢ
ھݵĺɾУһĪһ˿ʱ¶֪̫֮Ψڵĸ˲޳ɵԼʱԪӤΪأԴʼղķ˵ڻȻ
ԵǴʼħڣ֮еһ
⣬ƾˮġʶѷǱѰֻڽ𵤺ȴҰھ֮£żǿ󡭡
һ̳ӣԳ£㰺͹ȥˮ죬һŻֱ͸Ļһ̣ƻصĵĴѪȵɱ֮УħеͻصĳתͯҥҹǰµĿۡ
Ƭ̣һᡱһ·˿վ̳ӡɫ죬죬ԡ
״ʾһģֵ̳͵ؼһƻһţȥ븹Уգۼǵβʣʱ뷢ЦСӣʹ찡ұ㡭㡭
һอգȣǰЩѣȴûеࡣ
ꣿħǸɽУԼͬĿŰӵĵ³˽ǵսľﻹƵ¡
һһھҡҡͷֻžƾڻȥһ߹ԣԳѭռһ֮ơ
Ǿ΢ģһͷȴһƬ۹̧ɷЦʵҶ˻ںʱεƣԶźʲôطž˽ʱ
ЦһĴ¿վ̳ӣˡˡգһ˫Ʊղϵۣð֮ŴЩʧһھͺûˣиƨľˡֿһװģֵ˴ڱĵطƣ֪˵Щʲô
һ͵վ΢΢ҡ¡һ޹ƲƲһ˦תȥ˹һֻ֣ϤЦжЩį


994 ɽ
顢顢顭
һ󣬾ŵһ㾧ʯѾ飬ŨˮԪӿһڡ۹ҷȴԶеļпȻ
֪Уֹȥաɽٴλعյһ˫Ŀաü֮ȴһĨİɫ֮ǰĺڡӡǽһ״ƬصҶۣϢ
һ̣һԪ񲻼ˣֻһѽ֮С֮ٴδζɡķһ壬νһһޣѴ뻯֮˵˺Ϊ
һĬĬڱϢǿž仯ֲ̧ͬüģȻ˼⡣Ϊֶһӡǣ
ʱû˴ǰΪãǸ˼ּȡչôãȥɾ𲻹ĳڣħԶԶ硣ΨȫԸ
һȥϵм漴ַһɾ־߶󣬼ƴԪٴγΪһ޼ľ֮С

ɽϵ֮⣬һƬ޴ɽȡ˴֣پݵΧۣ·Ĺȵصϥһģˡ
ɽһɽϣվŰٰ뼾ɫĿתضŶʮɽǸµӰ
յа﷽ԲԾҷӿŨ񣬻׹ͣķ۶תϢΪĹ쾪ˡ
һ˺Ѱؼ죬ǿĪϯķٰļ²ѣʧ׽˺ƴ󣬵ܷȻ
ٰףڸɹǧһʮòŮӣ𵤺ԲΪ˵ϵĽƣҡҡͷϤߵԶɹ٣֮ר֮аΪҪɹ˽٣ֻһɵİա
ٰǶʮ塢ģڵΪӢòУȥ˼Щĳȡ¹ؼ˻Ҳѡ΢΢ɫиʧָǺá
£ų䣬ֽ߬һε̾ԭΪȨԵݼ󲻷֪֮½Ϊݽ档ɽڼҵֻԹ̻̣ۡĪκΰδ䣬˴˵Բ벼ûΪʿᣬأ򶨳֮
ͷĪһϲ
ˣһū\ӣһλѩӣиŻӡ
ҵæ˼λһūӡ
һ΢΢ͷʾ£ת˫ֿԶﴨصŵĵʮͷҪżɽ徲֮֮ĸοͬľֻͬʣˡǸп࡭
ʦһԣȻū˵Զ޵òˡЩıչļЧڵԲ֮
ﴨһΪЦŴкûһūĸĪ⣬ֻͣУǴʱ˿̡
ѰգǰһһǷ˵лֳ̫ϵһ̻壡
һƳۣתɽǸӰ˵ʲŵǶλһλ׼ǳԣȴһԴ㡭˴˺֮ػþеջĸ֣н𴫳Сɵ˭С
Ӵ׳ǣȴЩɻһ˵Ļһ
ٰû˳پŵçײԴ󣬸Ƕǰ֮˾ηѡӲͷƤǰһŵ˵ҵɽټѣֳϼȡ
һΪͷҲصصȻ˵Ŷһ˾ȣ»ֽΣǸΪɲȻ飬ȴּ˵һʴȣЦ
ٰȻ˵ϵĽɡ＾æҿӣɫԷȴǹһ֣Ȼǰһзϡԭ̫ϳϵֵֻģͷеĽ漴Ȼ޴档
ūͷϵİɫȹ˰ﴨۣҽʤѩȻ˰Ůӵİ֮£ûг
ɽ֮еһƬյϣﴨϥ̧ͷźصĽƣƽ
ǧ࣬һòߵ˽աֻɹ٣̤֮ӴԺ󣬲ǧԪһߵøԶȱ塢ڳΪˣδ֪յԷؾݵİٰţͽͽǽ˶ôڴ
ɽٲɵʹ˶աԼûʲôֻذˣδӤٰ֪Ժ޿ֽζգ
뵽˴ﴨ۹һɽϡӰͷһŨŨľ벻ᡣһʱֽסοһЦǡڴ˴ϵĽѾãڱ
һĿ䣬ĺ쳹ǧ޴ƺɽȣķΧ۵ʿ޲ݡһδգһ׹ﴨʱû׻֮С
һ̺Ҫ췭ظһ㣬ɽȶڲ
ٰŵʧأ˫˫Գ֡һԵȴǻȻ£ǹٵĽȴɫ졣
ӻһס˾еЦݱùѵư죬ҡͷ˵ﴨҶ粻ȣǶɽٵĴɰҵͲûͦȥֻ׶༪١
ū໥ŵĿʦû˵ﴨĽǳֶԶɽĵãٻ°
סﴨһСѾͷֶ̣˵ɡӾһ´ū˵ҿɾܲסԶؿడٲ棬棬˭ҷһʣ޵ֵҲй٣ʦǸеĸˣʦͽΪβȥѽҺ۸ǲǡ
ūһ죬㣬°һתӡԷȴǹһ֣Ĺҵֵܣ˵Ǹ֮ΪʼղٷأĿһ󾳽磬ǳ˶ɵáһ٣һһէ˵ϣﴨ鷳ˡ
һˮɣȴϵµĶ
ɽ٣ֳ֮Ϊš٣жʮߵסǰ󲻹һʱǶʮĵ¡ǧɵĸ߿޴ɽȣѱΪһ壬ʮһ׻еİﴨڶɽٳʼлɣ羪κеһҶСۣԱܴݲ᧿Σ
˶ʮĵףﴨӦ˶ʮļһλʦƵıӦٵҲĲáһ׻촷ۣ޴ۻɶѲܡֽҿѪֹʮնȴڲˡ׽ٽΪͣе׻֮ؽƸ赲
һ׽٣ܹһгȻµĶʮĵζʲôҲ֪ʱİﴨѵǿ֮ĩ䲢δ־ˣǻ׿ǲڽе
ѪͨԵʣֻǱ׹飬ٰû˴ǰ֪ûݵĽ档߬˫ȭᷢ⣬˫ϥα˵ĮԼܣ
棬ѡŵ䣬Σ
֮ʣ̸ɵң۳ڣֻмɥӣɥޡ


995 Ż
ۡ
ҫ۶ĿĹâ֮УһˮͰϸ׹һľϵɱ˲˺ǧɵĸ߿գֻΪһиĴڡ
ͷɢİﴨǻѪμΪǱȫȻû˴ǰŵȻѳҰ˰ģԾɫУȴһ˿йķ
ɽӮڴһ̡ﴨ׳һһϼ¡䷨ӳ֣ϼ»ȻһƬʮɴСĲƣ˲ڰ֮Сڴɲǣ
䡪
ǧٵϼɽȣһءգ֮䣬׹ɢϼȴȻ׹յİﴨһԽסٵȻ档顪һ֮Уݵߣſ쭳һǻѪµʱһƬ
ͬʱϵĽƶ֮ǰİ﷽Բ۳˰ɴСδ֮ʣǷӿݵĽƺһͷ͵Ĺޣٴηۡۡէִ׹ȿֺк¡
еİﴨƴȫҡҡλ̤նȴһͷԵڵءæ֮УҧһھѪƮͷϼ¹âһʢȴֻɴСѲ֮ǰ죬Ȼѵ֮Ϧ뿴һΪֻգͷһƬš
ʮɽϣӸŶӹ˲ÿֻĿ͵һ̡飬飡ȻԵΪһˣԱ⣡
ٰ˫ֳŵأ۽Ǵۡʱ˿̣Լı΢С¼ʹ࣬Ī˵ȥ޿κΣȻ̤;ҪİڲԸ˺󣬽յһв
ӵûЦݣЩһԣЩͿﴨȻڽӣб³ȵĻֻһˡλɫ糣޶Եģ
ūϢһ鲻ԽҪһȴͣ¡ʮΣ촽
ڴʱԵӰͻȻˣūʦ
æ̧ͷԶȴָĿ㵡
ū˵ĲһǳˣĿŰﴨȥȴֲ׳־ˣֻӵĻҲеٲ棬棡
ﴨɽδˣǿп׻ԼһǧһԺ飬ڳ˵ΣֻԪľջɵ³⣬Σ֮ʱġȱһˣԱԲͬ
嵽׽֮ǰһͬɫһϾˣȥһת˲ѵ˰ﴨԡ
ڴ˼䲻ݷ֮ʣһնǡײкµ׹֮ϡ׹ػձݣҫĹâ֮УƺȻ·ˡ֮һ˲ϼٿбɶȥգ۲
ﴨڵϣľֻһ˰ˡһɰٸнȴΪ𾪲ѣ̧־ˡ洫仰ſڣѱХµ¡¡û
ͬʱһҵץﴨȭϻȥӰѱ۶β̣һצس˷һ׹⡣һ󡰺䡭죬׽Ʋ٣漴ǻ䡣ӰԷˣٵ˺顣
ϢĹϵĺɫȻһ䣬̶һɫâ¡һֱһӣӰʧֵİﴨһ˦Լȴûˡ
ν֮㡣ʿɹ׽٣ֲ֮ȱΨˣִһ硣תİﴨȻĪĻԵ˲ñ䣬־ϲӭǵĹâȥĶο壡֮ʣһǳ𡭡
һѵǿ֮СֹסȥƣЦǺǣµһ׵ı
֮ˣһŰ۵ӣòʣŵף̧־ȲԳһѺ治ѣȻδ׷һϡ
һȴϵˣͫ΢ɱ͸Է̧ͷһƳΪȻЦЦü˵죡벻
ӲǱˣԭ׼ҵ죡ĸˣڽڡͻȻôһλʶһܲⲢ䱸޼ҲѰ˴ֻԼް֮ա򼰾ţؽ֮ܳ꣡
ǺǣҲҪ㲻ֺαؼǺ׼أ컹ǹȥģֻǻ࣬Цֵ㾹Ȼǽŵ̫ϳϣʧһ۹оתֺʵһֺαҪǱ޼ҲԸһŵأѵרΪӶȥ
Ӳ£ٸ҆£ߡһٴɫ˵ڵĸ׼йᣬʱҾûԵɣһֵҲ޼ΪУ׼η壡ңұɱˡһƲ޿߳ҲΣıȻҪɱĵһ쾳ˣ
Цݽɫ΢΢һ㵡

һٵɽУŰ׻ڣΧ۵ٵѾȥΨһɽϻмפȺ
ﴨѻۣҵͷҲӰʰ׵ȴ̲֮޴󰭣ǾģַףԭŲӣһҲѵƵƵʾ⣬ųӡūҡͷ̾׶ɽٵΣһ㣡Ϊ֮ھаĸȱǷۺƵɵĸ֡
ﴨշ̩պص󼪴ӳûһ䡣Էɫã֣صһ˵ͷط˵Ҫ˫֮ٺ١δ˵꣬ǽסһЦ
ʿ飬˫֮ѰĹ޼ɣڳŮΪʡӳŰٰ㵽һԣһ󱯴ϲ֮󣬸ԲջūǴŽǸӣתǿգȴʦĹ
ﴨɽٹٲΪˡֳΪƽĵѣлѡ֣Ȼ˵ҪлλĻ֮
ҡͷ˵㶼л˰˻أֻЩʵݡ
ﴨǺһЦȴ˵
ūǰԶ˵ҪлĲҶˣĪ˼ʦ֮
ﴨЦݣɫ˵ֳ֮Ϊҵϼ£Ȼֻ׷У˾岻Ѱﶪ޷ֻȻ
ūҪӦɫתϲڳ˽̧ͷȥ
һ̤նת֮䵽ɽ֮ϡ
ﴨæǰһһ˳һʩһ
ūǷӭȴǴȤҾֶһλĳϣϲɺء
һ˫ŵأһ׸˰ﴨɵ˵ŲȱĳϣﴨҴżٰŻ
ѽ˾ݰٰŵɽ֮Ϊϼ¡벻ֳϻܽ׷ءﴨӹһѣδ˵һ㶣ֳΪҪһҳš


996 洦Ȼ
Զ羰ɽȣΪȪȡ˴ٴ󺣶Ⱥɽļ紺ŨԶ뷲Ƨʵһɶõ֮ء
ʮǰȪͻȻʮʿ꣬˴һɵ塣
ݴļǸĸˣŰиԪӤĵ𵤵ĶӣʮΪȵĵӡɼΪ壬ȴ̲ѰС಻ضáΪˣڵͬԲȪȡ
һյʱ֣Ȫһɽϣиһʯǰ˵
Ǻǣϼ£Ҽ˵λһ׵ȳȪȵ˰ﴨ뿪ʮ꣬зֺǷɸʤǰһʰ쵵ѣһԵ˽ŷ˵Ұҵ棬һѩϻ۵ŮӡԶŵϼ֮󣬴˸Ϊ֮˾ݵİٰš
һŵİٰһɫۣòɣֻ°϶һ㵭ĺ룬Եóȶࡣͷ˵ԭȥնȡٰ⣬շ֪۹ڰﴨеϼϣʣ˼ʮŽϼһ£ĪҪ
ﴨأĦϼ£̧ͷ΢΢һЦԶȺɽ죬̲𡢻㵭˶츣Уһ˵ԳϦ鲢̸µԶгԣʯɾԼ򸴺󰡣ԼҪӡ֪ߣֳҲ֮⣬ȴĪ⡭
ר֪֮棬ٰæԴɫ㷲
ﴨЩã˵ӳиҵ쾭壡ۺ죬Ұһ֮ɵҡ
ٰһ˿˻ӲͷƤרʹΪһʦΣԪӤٻɽҶɹҪȴѺѣ常˵飬ɼ˵һʴȡ
ŵôԣﴨɫһ͡Լɽ֮ʱһȣ׹ֻءӵĻðȴǵʵ顣Ƭ̣ʵֳ˵
ٰȴһ񣬼æ˵ͷصݴ常ᵤʱ뺢·񲻹߰꣬ȴڵĺˣ־ޣδûһɾ֮͡Գ²԰գֿϳȫ
ﴨ۹΢̧˼˲ѧ֪塣⺢ԭһ幫ӣĥ֮ɱһʿǺ¶
Ȩ֮󣬰ﴨǿϼ£˵仰常ĪҪһԸ
ٰ˿ֱЦʮǰ常ȣֻҪСľ磬Ȼֶ
ﴨᡰŶЦ뿪ŵʱһйôһ仰԰οˣСȴǵ档ԼҲû뵽нյһа
һСһͬھݵĵѣѪȷΪһĸˣӴ˴ľš⣬ǳ֮ԸԼѡһȺ֮Ż
ǸһÿÿϣȴĲΪȴʧٱ䣬ֶκȻƵıȴֳ͸׽а֮ڣߵĸԶ
ʱ常ҪΪгɡٰ˷ֵ˵ҰҵΪݵĺˣҪں쿪֦ɢҶ
ﴨ΢Цסҡҡͷֳϻ˵ˣ޷Ը÷ؾţڴڼ䣬Ȫɽ޹ϸ𣡡
ٰȲʵҪؾţȺã
ﴨ룬ֳйءꡭ
ٰв⣬ʣ常㣬к⣿
ﴨһ䣬˵ֳ֮Ī⣬ԴȣΪҲ޴֪㲻ᡭ׿Զʵ£
һŻΪԶɽֹ֮סŲ˵ռķԸȪȵԼҵ󷨣ʮĴ죬׵
ﴨ˫̧֣˹ȥʾȥ

ɽɽһ䶴ǰķʯˡеһλǴ˼ˣһߣǺŵӡ
˴ţӵ²˵˻ִȤǺǣ˴ôһͤӦٲһԱͣܺù겻Ĵʯͷһ֮ʵư
ĵ޷Σ洦԰ȻΪ֮ˣһֺαطϣһ䣬һĵһЦ
Ӷһ˫üһ´޵ǿΪȫĻԵշ֪÷ԿຮȻ޴˰㳬ľ簡
ˣһΪȻҡҡͷ
ȴǲҹͬģָ̾μ棬㲻һͨͨСȴԲɽĶ̶̰䣬ڰ˳ɾȻ˭ɱȼ硭
üɫӣһ֪Ӧл˵òԼӡɾȻգǰȥһֱĥͨȫջ񡣺һ̣˺ûκΣ
ֻЩӣͿ๦ߣŵͻ𣬲ɱ²¼ɲΪҴֻšһҪڽ㣬ֻܴǫáжߣ˾ЧΨȥһһŰݷáƾϵĶŴ򲻳һ˺ŵĴ಻Ҫ鷳
ҺŵӣֳĽӣϾȥ߶߶ΪС˵̸˲
һıħڴˣӦһĹȴϲνĺѡദˣ˴˼˵ࡣֱ˵ʵ²ţ֪кδͽ̣
Ӱڰǫѷ֮⣬Цͽ̿ɲҵֻ𻰣˳תһ
һͷֻġ
ӲŲæؽ˵ڰ˴ҰԼʲôַ˵Һݲֱ˴ˣϵҪ黳ǰ
һ֪Ӷˣ֮ԵһЦ۶ֻ̣յޱɾԳС˾֮ͬԸȥʲôͷūԼڶӣиȵ֮Ȼ㹻ˣ
Ӽһδ⣬ԻһֵңθвͬԪĻٶʼղԸͷȴҲҪΪԼһ·ȴ޹˼ɡ
˴һǰֳӵģǸɫ󣬼ЦֵͷΪ˽׼ҡⲻ֪ͼһԸĻ롣ʵı࡭
ǸӵһУʹЩ졣һ˵ǰǰĺ򣬽δѰӡµӸ֪϶ȥ겻飬޷˽Ŀ֪
֮˽һͷҲвÿÿԾӡۼ֮٣ȴмΪ֮
ӷ˾ɧ֮󣬽ҿο䲻Ϊ飬ȴްڴơҽͬͬˣʮޱɾ֮бջ񣡶¹ôĳŵʵԶ׿
ʰƵˮ֮һйŵкôԷġô޷˵ʶֻȨ֮ƣ
ӻҪ˵һɫһֹ̧סԷʵޱɾҪڶʮ


997 
ޱɾҪڶʮת̻֮գˣ
ʮ꣬㹻һӤɳΪһ׳ĺӡ⿴Ĺʿ˵̫ݡֻһ붨һ˯֮䣬ߴҴ
һٴδӹ·Ƽľ˫̶ֻۣʣꡣ֪Уǰѹȥ˶ʮꡣԼˣ߰ꡭ
һգҪƽµ˪ۡ䵭ԶɫУȴԳԳζòɣԼǸʮͷģѵִŲɣѳĵף޷
ڴʱ˲޵شµֵܣ½䣬Ϊβǰޱɾ˽Եߡ
һվɢƮ첻漴ٲ̤ӷۻ¡ѵԼҶǰūڵȺ򣬶òɣȴơ䣡
ʲôϵˡ
ӵƺףȴڶһ۹⡣ԭֵӣȻִִһȦϸ۵ϣһ⣬˵ӡ
һɫζѣӶʱһ̧ͷͦأ˫ŭλǰϻƭңްֻһķ⡭䲻գתһԻ˫ֵūԭƲٷ磬ɾڵӡʦɹƭ޶ҪҺݺݵ
ū򴽣ʦйҪǰޱɾӵ֪ĸʧ䣬
˰ǻȻƲҪй䣬ɫ΢䡣һźХϮգ۱㵽ǰ֮ӦӲϾȲѻȭͻȵӶڲ֡
ϡһ꽻ϮĽ⾹һȭҷɡŤͷܣԼ𣬲ɵԭءǡॡһһѷɽײʮɽ׹һѰķδƽƽ
ӴԼȭͷףֻýǴ׳࣬ȴϻôδ˵꣬תŭΪϲ
һ˵ķɽ˵ļʶ֪ôֻСɣǿȽʯ֮ᡣųӷֵֵʧãֺαرԹӿް꣬ĽĵһС֮λòˣǾһ㣡
ӹţһգͣЦݺʵѽΪβ㷢֣
⡭һ°ͣôʡ߳޲ý£û˵ɣӲģֱԵԶ幦˿ԵֻԵɣʹգ
ԶŹ֣۹һתæЦ˵ȱ㲻ĦһӲҪãֵܺηٴһھҲ֪񣡡
ʱ⣬ȴҪԼʰβһƬ̧̣ӳһö򣬲Ȩǿ֮ãĪ⴫Īҡ
ϾһĹǣһѽӹϲ˵ֵܡ
кôֵܣп֮˷ǳĪһһתҪԶĶԷٴξ֪ޱɾ֮ڼΪβУɹ˱ʧˡ
һüתһ˦һԵĴʯϥ¡Ӵҡڵظ˹ūȴ׵ʹɫ΢
ʱһɫ֣ࡣūת˵˴εޱɾ֮УҪ鷳һԻ񣬿νءΪⲻ⣬ֵֻܶˡðﴨŻ򡭡

ħ磬ɽ֮С
һıصľʯмվµİٲݽӡǰ˼ˮɫΡչؽһٶʮ꣬ȥ˲ʮɾڵԲԤڵľֻǲǿ⡣ޱɾ֮нǰѲ顣
⣬ħǺԲΪȻϲ¥Ķɴ˿ҪΪ쾳ˣٲһۡ
˵ȥءΪΪɵ۵ĴУޱɾڱСһΪŽڶ꣬ɳû̽
ƾһı£ܷ˹ǵɽ𺣣ûаաǧڣԼڱչأֻдֵԷݣ
λʦѵĸˣһĪһֱ»Īпԡ
ЩһҪ׿˵һȻԼĲ²⡣ѷǵ¶Сӣһ·Ž⡣ӵɾ׺ǧãԼɽĦʯ̣ȵȣ޲ֱָԶһС
֮ǰɵ˿ȴΪԹۡԶźǲǰŲɣʩչֶӦϣջȥһСʱգҴڣǸĪȣԶ¹ڻ
Ǻ˷룬ôֳߣ𡪡
ԶΪγɳΪҪϧһл
ǧʥеаɣǷ巭ı֣һǷšںη
ĴͬڶȱտڲᣬԷҲƲ֪Ĵڣ˴˼м϶߰˾Ͷǿһ磬ȴֶɵ۵ֻתǶΣͼı
Ȼڽ֮ϣǸʥŮĪԶźĵĸˣҵѱٴѵ˷Ĳ£Ϊʲô
ɻһ벻סµͷһգ˵١һУֻԼй
һĬȻΣҿ˿˳ֽ⿪ܵĽ˳ȥ䵽ɽ֮⣬ħ˲뱾϶Ϊһüĵӡǣ漴̤շ
ħ޳ӡ֮󣬲δʹգڽʮ׻ӡ˿޲ꡣջȴħӡ
ӡһʮ־׻ӡ־һǧһٶʮ˵֮ࡣ
һħʮĹ򣬲Žô־Ϥաֱգʩչ׻ӡӡһȱĲǿ๦Ψʮֵѡ
Դ˼ãȻ
ٶȥɽɡǼûľȴȻųûɵӡһĵĺȻֹ꣬ʯðһߴӰǳβѵ
һվֱԲ˵ҼǰޱɾһͬУǼ˯Ϥ㣡Լ࣬û뵽ԷΪɴ࣬ǰһɣʵΪβȥ
ֵΪڣ˯ĹǾˡһһ̧ۣӡâһһھʯӡʾ˾ʿƵȦɱʶ̽ݵʮгһš޷Ȩˡ
űչ½ǣһž졣ԾˣһЦ䶢һ֮ȴɫһЩʵΪҪȦһ;ûķӡ
һħ֮УȦȥ硭ͷһֵʯӽΪȦӣû˵ǡҪתͻȻЦš


998 ٻ
ɽɽϣһȻڶǰǿʯͷϡԶйһڽӻذﴨ֮㱻𴦡˵س֮⣬гӡūֵͯܡ
Ҽǰšֵ£ɢ˰ɡһڰ֣˵л
ֵܱͯٻˣϤԭί֮󣬸ɫɡٶȱľʯԶͬķТӹñԭˡֳҪԶţԼֵܱΪصұۡⱲӣҪһ¾µĿ⣬ʱ
ͯ϶ͯͯҪæڰʹ˸ɫδ˵£ֵܼʵʵվţһĹļơ
ūЩʧضǸϤӰ۹оǲᡣʦӻһᣬҷ磬ں޳Ϊ͸ⲻȻӲʵϣɢůĹŨüµ˫ҵԶ΢̵ǣǺ޵Ц⡣ǰţʯɣԨsŵȣ֮Ȼһпĳ嶯΢΢һ̾ȴֺǣеǳʹһΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
ȻȥޱɾȴΪ˱ԹԸõˡھū˷һס콣󡷵֮Ըֵܴдջ񣬻ͷøŶմЩˡ֮ǰ˵ɽ˾
һһ죬ʵк¡
ūƲʾ¡ֵͯɴ⣬æȥԳɣ˵в֪ʦʱūֹ漴׵ʹɫ͸żĪί
ӿȤûȡЦֲ𣬺ιҲң˲һԡδ˵꣬æĿڵٺ٣һصʦͽ
һ۹ӹūżĶһСһȭͷСĹâƷɳתץСͬʱӰƾճ֣գۼ϶Ϊһʯͷ϶δȴʵһѶϽ«
ǰȵֵܣ⻹Ǹҵ׷ȴѱľ磬ΪΣŲӶһеĹâȻ򣬻һתصʣλǰ뻨ӣǷ񡭡
ǰλľ£Ļ޳ɵֻԪվ治˱Ĵڡһſһ̣˲ѽеħ֮Сʯͷϻ˫ŵ֮ųһĳӷ˵֮ص֮Ѵūֽ̡ŵĲ磬޹أ
԰գһ̧һֻʯӻֳԶֵܱ˴˿һۣ漴⣬գۻС˲䣬ʶӵĵ̣СԹӱƤ⣬ߺߡ
һ΢΢һƲңת⡣һ·Դ漴һ˦˫֣ƽذοն𣬲һ仰ٻᣡҲβŶһȵӰȥ˵ʦū㡭
̧ͷһۣûвˡʼͷҡ˶˷ĵƷķŵǲȴֽ̣ǰʾҪһŮӸߣ⣬ȴװģһԺʦͽұˣĸвݡ
֮УһδԶݣ˵ʦ
һηŻһٽһֻС䡣΢΢üףȴūỨŲίԹʦѶ¹ūһءϻһʮأٻָõȵʱ
һĻʯ׹̶һһ٣ͷһ̾Ϣһ·Ҵ붪ʧֺֹһءΪνɵǱһδεĲᣬҲһһεźÿÿɼŷִŵ;ʱԶ
ʦ֮⣬ūˡ
һת۹зһ˿ů⡣³ԼģӴ붬֮⣬жڼŮӡʦͽ֮䣬ֺˡ
ūɿ֣׺˵ūԸʦɸԸ뿪ʦūֻ롢ֻ롭˿ͷøֵֻͣʦ»ܴūū桭
һƬ̣˵ΪʦӦ㡭
ū˲ӣæ̧ͷǰûӰʦˣδ⣬¶һĨȻЦ⡭

Ǻǣֳϻţѹٶʮ֮áʱڱչأδ֮Ϊʧ񰡣۵Ĺͤڣ̸ŨһԵһ΢Цֵ˷СۣԴϥ۵νջࡣѰɽ֮Уˮ֮֡
һոϵ˺ţɨӭ˲⺮һûͽڡΣԼ硢ȵһҹ̸㣬תѹա
һľΪлԵ£ȴǴǾԵĸ򣬳辶ֺϺҪϹҲضá̻գǱ˴˻ͨ޶á
ⲽ±ߵʯͤһС
ڴʱڷ̤ڳưݼֳϣת˵ϤڸǣеҲغˮǰ֪ʦʱ̡
ǣ˹ͨһת֮ء߼۱˴ӦȲһ봾ڷͷ˸кһԵӣźʵĪҪʦڡޱɾǻԵڣȴǷĪ֮ءȥ˶ûãͽ鷳ȻԼֺα³ūأ
ӳŴڷڰ֣תһҡͷЦԾ֮ǿֳȻУû֪֮
ڷЩ⣬˵һʦֵܻȥޱɾʶв֪ܷСɫһָ˰˵仰
ԭˣȴʱ⡣ִǰʦɣڣԿɱݣϵܡһϵܵĳƺ׽Ӹһ˹֣º͵Цʱɷ
ڷתΪϲæһһݡŵڶ࣬ʦΨмӣʱɼһߡ
һδ֪ɷЦЦʾⲻסڼӺͻȻʲôһתʵݴʮǰµӶɽ֮ʣĪ֮ǰԴͨ࿹Ϊˣ֪Ρ
ڵƬطɽ࣬ƣмɼ˵֮䣬һȻⲽ±ߡǶ£ͣ
ʮǰﴨǳ٣νתʱξ㣬ഫֹһӡǸڼΪأû֪


999 ֦ͬ
һ˫ٴ̤ǵһͷЩĸܡΪ˸嫵ǿգΪطĪĽֻΪ˼ҪһŮӡ
һ˳ȵĴ֮ʦͽǰ·һĬĬں档ɫɣΨ벻еȻֱĳһɽ֮ϣŴ֮صǰ
ʱһûἰ׼ԼǸ졣಻֮ǰҾ䡣ԴˣӲδ˵¶̫ˡ
Ǻǣֵһ͸λȺ򡭡
ھȲԶһɽϣԺΡڷ繰˹ֱʶȤһԣһǰ
ƬɽΪɵķԲ֮ʮλʿӭ˹ò죬ΪȣȺΪˣһϵλų룬΢͹ҹź۵ˣˮӣӣɫһҵߣӣĸݲɫģǳԪӡİˣһλغߣһλǷɫĺӣֱǺڵΪ
ˮӵѡӵѡ쳤ӵѡǺǣгԪӵѡ洺磬һ˴кֺʵΪβŮλѣҽڰ˼ҶȱǺԵʡ
һ۹ӹˣһ̧˫֣ڳһᡭ
ˮӵɫЩΣȻ˰ٶǰ׮¡һɫͣԻ˼䡣
Ԫֻǳӵص˵ͷ漴ɫһӾһԡһӶδٲȻǼǳģ
غӼ֮ǰ˫˫һ˵ֵѣ
һЦ˵쳤ӵƵӵѣĳλѾãյۣ
ӣƵӡһֹ֮ͣԼжøУæƶա
쳤ӣһƬ̡ԷòȻᣬȫ޹԰֮ɫΪɼڽڲżȻǺЦţͬһλѰĴߣ޵棬ֵѹȻұ̳һᡭһתӷ˵ӵδŮŵȥй䡭
һЦݣ˼쳤ӣٲȻ֮ˡˮӲǰؼ֮ȴ֮ܺԪ׸֮٣ûʧȥķִ硣˼һʱԴ룬Ҫŵȥ
ߣһŮӣ֪Ϊӣ޷Ҫɾ֮п۽ˣˮӲм̭һ䣬ֳһ˵ͷֺ֮⡣һԵЦЦɫ˵˼ƲŮΪԷ˴г̡
˵ıԹӵĶУһ㳰ζΨŮΪΪ֮㡣ɫЩˮӹ˵ֻҵĺǰյɣʹúˡ֮ģӲΪĸߵͶͬ
ˮֺұ⣬ȴġӣ㵹˵˵ޱɾкΪ
һʱᣬֲǿ磬סתһӡԷȴ΢ЦҡͷԸ֮Ծʧ棬ٴδ鿴һָվ˵乫ʱ㱻ͬɾ֮еǰǣ
ԪѴӶ㵽Զ۲Ĳ
˻ûֳӣʱȰ˵ονĪ˺Ǻǣ
ˮӺطӵѣѵ˵˲ɡƤЦⲻЦظŸ͵ӵѵĻʲôν˺
һһ֮£ĸΡ˴Ϊ£˭˭ˣֹšʱճġ
ɽܲʯľԪŨһȺ˾ۼĵطȴι졣Ԫʦͽ⣬ˮƣĪκΣڷֻһԹۡ
Σһҡҡͷ
ڵСһᡣȻˣһڸֺЩ޲ǻǧ֮ã뾳ٲȻصĻɡ۹ǳ£ѵپеķ֮ҵĲʧֺηǿзŲ
ֵѣֳϡһһʾ⡣Ӻ˼˵Ȼֵ֮ˣ㲻໥ơ򣬱ҺΪУҽΪУ仰䣬Щͷһֱ¶ĽƻȻ
ˮӻִ䣬һԵͻȻһͷһ飬漴Ȼ걻ܻ׽μ£ŵԶΪСʱд⣬صޡ
û뵽һִԣƵˮӲҿм֮࣬壡ԷûԼΪӣȻص֮ͬԼ˵ĸҵΪ˺ţ޴
ˮӵòԶӲȻѣΪľο˵ŵֳΪ죬˳ԪʦͽˣƵλܻ׽մ˿ЩŶġ
ŽֵΣڲ֪΢ĲͬӶԴĿãͬ΢΢ȻԼĴߡ˵ڵĳѾһ֮ϰ˼ܴһʵòһɢɳ졣ֵѻʢſڱˮӣʵҡ
һƽһ𡣱ڴʱһɫӰҴҶδǰ㼱æ˵Ҽ裬λǰǰ
һʮģŮӣڵΪòȴɫ̼ӦϵڳĴˣ֪ǽһҵĵӡ
һѭȥһʱǵǵʿΪ֮ˣϲǣǺιʣ
ڳв֪ɷˮȴ˾ͷֻ͹ţȵ»ţʵ
ʵ㲻Ůĵҵڴˣ˭۸ʦ
ˮݺڳУһɫȹҲ䣬ֻ۶ջǵӡżλǰһһּּ˵ʦͽй䣬ʦͻȻִ֡
ԳƵˮݺŮӣˮŮĵӣʦʦй䣬ѰЩںĵرϷ֮ʣʦű㶯֡ԷȻλڵĸˣ˲Ϊŵù˲ö룬һܻȱˣ
ǿ۸ŮӣһɻԶֻаСȴƼ¶ѿȫòһʶǿԿʮ֮һС
ˮӻϤԭί֮ЦһڵʿҲҷ˺ȵҽڰ˼֦ͬŮ裿һͬȥζͶ֪б˺ռʧʱظ͵һپ٣һν֦ͬ
һĶ֮ˮȻαԶ


1000 Ǹ
Ⱥ廷֮УһƬϤɽ֮ϣڣһȦȴӻءˮǸˣһŮ׷ıͷܣĸͣ
һϵʱһԤеδྶͥеЩ⣬ˮӵһĿࡣ
Ǳ׷ϵӣһڰٶǰһƵӡھȻǺڵΪȴĵŮΪɵ֮ƺϤӡ֮ν򲻻֣ڣֻΪһӪɾݲУűȷϧľ
ѽй޾̡ιʶӻ¶֣
ӲԶȥֻڰжȦӡŮ׷ãɽϵĻݲ߳ȵǰһ֮Ӵ˲䣬ȴԶڴ˼ңͻƣˮҡ
䡢䡢䡭һͨ羰ɽǽ岻Ҳ̶á
ӶԶּӶ̾οգοա
ŮһɫȹװأʮͣɫԺڣüޣƵϼмɫʱȴɷҧгݰģ֮ˣ֮һŮ㣿ΪǣҶǣҪһ֧ټˮ򡭡ߡ
ķֱ磬ȴ˵һĽѼϮһţһ˲ֳ⣬͵ֺĪŭҲȲѡ
ɽһİУһеʮɫ졣
ˮǰȻ١
ҡͷһĿЦ
ǰȱˮݺ֪²Բ첻ѡһʮҵŮӭǰܵӰʦãǡ
Ԫӻǹ˼ڵ棬Ҳڵظ˹ֻ²⣬漴һתȥ
ĵڲԶֻдڷ缰վһԡҲãɫɡ
λѾȻˮŮĵ¡˵ţڷԵһʾ¡˵ڴ˼䶺ӡԷǸƹһľ׮¹仰·ããӻΪ㡣ȥѰһΣ¹佭
ӵΪߣȴһ֮ʶвͬû˵Ǻǣ⣬֮С
Ը꣡ڷ¡Ϊ£˴˼˵ࡣ
룬Ϊ˵ԭһɢޣŮ׸šˮҵĺ峤յ֮ŮΪ֮ˡŮԺöӲ֮³⡣ֻû뵽ڴ˴ط꣬ɼԵδˣǺǡǺһЦ޸пֵŮ֮䣬ǽԵְԵԵ𣬽ġ
ڷ˴ǰɸֳһɰӰид˵Ե죬
Ķ࣬ΪȻЦĶԵұִţԼŮ黳Īǣ
ڷ˼ĬȻ
һ˵˵ûɵذ¡ĶԵ𡣶֮ʼ̤һ·˷Σ֮;ģǰغ򡭡
ǲֵڷ𡭡
Ѽ˽һˣϳһ봾ڷ硣ʱɽϵĳپ죬Գûڵǰ˵鼱ȣκΡֳӵ˺ѵλѣһᡭ
ͬʱŮ׷˹꼰ˣŮֻ𷨱Ȼŭ߳ӣһ˵ձ㲻ݣɾ֮оʹա
һæ㵽һԣЩηЦ˵λѵǰлͷ˵١
Ůѵʮ⣬ڳˣֻӣΨƤˡԷܣһ٣һ˦ٴɫ߳Ϊε겻ΪûѶһһ˵ҿνƱ硭
󡭡æŮ˰֣˵ꡭֻǡֵѡδ˵ֹ꣬ݵתһʵҪȥδѵޱɾ
ֻʹȻЩŮԭһ̸֮ˣȴ֮ⷬ±ñ챿ࡣڳ˴󶼿İֻ׼еһλض¶ĸˣܽһ
Դһ̤ǣĪƸŷɵϡȻڴ˴ȴ֪ԼЩʲôԭֵģֵǰȻع۹ڽԵϣһЦʵȻ˾ڣ㷽źβ֮
ڵʮˣɢʮɵһСһ˵ˮӲ˺ʾ⣬ɫעˮݺʦһ¶һһеΪߺ֮
ΣŮԸ⡣ӣżֺǸˡ
벻һͻȻôһ䣬ɵԳ̬Ӳ˵ֵĪҪȡЦ˷֮˵漴û˶֪ԼҶˣͷһֵǿ֮ڣֻ޴ȥڴ˴ޡ
һҡͷӣ˵ҲȡЦ֮⣡׻һ˵Ǹ
⵹ţҲǸЩ죬꣬Ů֮ŮԼһ֮ˣΪǰǸɶԷߵһ𡣶ദվãŮһյ飬ָʹв˳ӣʵڽ˲ܣѰ˴ºˣԼҲ򣬸ĸϻûֱ
һһ۲ԶǸɫõŮӣתֵȻдȣΪβϵͷأչΪѰ־͹ʹԼҵµʵð
΢΢һ⣬Ҳʵ˼µӡ˭Լڡ
ڷ۵·硣ʱԹ壬ȻʧЦֳڳȴû顣һͿһʱǰλˡûȤɽˮλֻӪ죬ʶң֪ʵģ
ϳڷһȻ˰ٶǰǳۡв⣬ŵ⻰ҿڣǺ⣿
˸֮֮ڷ簵ƿ죡ǺЦ֪вһͽп֮֮⣬㵱۵ȻռϷ磬ȴԲԣ˾粻ɡ
Ե鼱ҡûҪҪɱӽ˴ݡζŷŵһȻæһ⣬ֲسŴڷ˵ƫȫ˵
ڷ磬˵˭һױһףӵĻ˵һ룬˳͡Ůɤŭ߳ˮļ£ݲúָֻţŽڹأ㲻һСٸҺԻѰʦˣߡ


1001 
ڷû뵽ǻ£漴ԶʧŮΪȻԼ൱ȴһ֮˴˲ᲢۡԹޣɻһԵ£ֵԼⲻˣ
Զʱ˵ڷ磬ݵ÷
ڷɫһ࣬ͷӦǣһ
Ůȴǰһ˵λؾǾŵֵѣСŮˡ
һƳ۴ڷ磬תŮЦЦŮ²ǧ꣬湻Сġʾĵѡ
ҪչβһȡЦ㲻ɡ
һû˵꣬ò͡ŮԹ˺üĿָһԵӽѵ
ӲŽƬ̣סͷһţ̯˫Ȼ˵ǡǡ
Ůǽһ˵ĵ棬ɫתûеӣʹֺ޵Թʶ꣬һֱκԲλ࣬ȫжػšҲԼӵѣ㾹һ֮
龽ſڽࡣ˶õӡ޵ĵĿ֮£ǶˣԭתһȦӣһ˴㲻˵䣬Һôô
ŮĻһˣ߳Ϊ˵ҲΪ˲ֻֻ̡ܽѰиţȴʼ޼ƿʩ˵ţͻȻһ죬һ֧һ͵ػӶ£ɵֵôǸĸˣͷˮ²԰Ҳñչһʱա
ɫΪѣҡͷˮʿǧƣĹУӴԺ鷳ϣһڡ
ҲӣŮɫһ
Ӳҡͷ־ףȾ˫Эһɾ˵
Ůظţһ򴽺һɫоֳһĨѵõЦ⡣ʱ꣬ͻȻʧĵ£˵ûһ㾪ϲǼٵġ
۹һ̧ʵָɾޱɣֵѡδŮģִҴתһԣһȴһӰڷӸŤͷԶ
ˡһｵһŮӡ
ǡڴʱһλߴȷԶЦǺǣ֡
һ۹бüͷ
ǳɫۣɫ󣬳üʹƮƮʮһ˵ĴȺģڳĸλ׷׳ǾֺѣӺҵӭϼЦӵʱҽڰ˼Ȼڴˣɾ֮вձ̣
ˮˣѶ겻ӣûǰ˵䣬ȴָԳɲľ֮裬Ų޸ϵ
ȴûʲô˼ɣ֮ʵǰĺŰݷã޹ӵѳ겻ڽڣǴӺ
߲Ǳˣĺĸӡת˲֮䣬ѵ˵ĽǰΣ۹һһ٣ɫЩ漴ķЦݲ˵λˡһλλֵ𣿾ȻǺΪձҽڶ
Ůǰ˱˴˵ݡˮڳһλĸˣԼҵĵ£ŮɡûԹޣĲ̸¾ֹΪҸɴ䡣
һӣһĬĬԶǿա
ӶһĮӻȻδɶЦݡӴ˼֮˵λЩһֱڽⱼҲ޷Ϊ밡ȴֻüĴѰٻԵ
Ӵµͷʵջ񣿡ڳ˳һ֮⣬Կɫڴڷ˵УĪ졣ڽʿ˵ǲɴĴڡҪͻ˵ľ磬Ψǵ߸ϵǵ
ӵ۹ӹˣ˵İ˼򣬷ֱǻĿ׼ңĻңõңƽң˾ռң׼ң޵޼ҡʱ꣬߱򡭡˴пس̾һŽ˵ҪôŲɣҪôܣͷһһð
ŵôԣҡͷ˿ûͬΨˣ
ÿǧ˰꣬ޱɾҪһءÿؽڶ˳ȥֿտն顣ˣһִ˲ƣɵ;ֻһȻأ
ˮӿһıӰ̲סŸʵѼ֪ͽ޹ԵδʱŸ˻
֮ѲˮӶԼԶ֮⡣˴˵Ľȴɣδ⣬ЦɣŲæش֮󣬳޴ȥһ顣ƾֽƣʱزѡֻøλúĲţ
ˮӲΪȻغڸӵĹƻ֮£˾ŵǳѰ裬Ȼ˷߷߲ƽһԵӵݸɫԷȴҡͷݣֺαᡣ²˵
ӴŴĸӣؽӻʵдţ޼Сипʵװźá
ɫ£۹һתֺǺЦţˣ㲻λֵѺú׽һ˵޼ҵŵӣ޼ҵǧй쾳ˣ˲ãǺǡ
Ŵԣ˵۹ʱǸֶӰ֮ϡ봾ڷ磬ˮӵˣԲȻѡ
ʦͽһǰһȴһ֪Ϊ޼ҵӣпԡ޼ǧ㺣һȤšܹ쾳ˣֹһΪǿ̫ˣٶǰ󣬾򡭡
ˮӺƻص˰ٶǰľţֻд棬ͷ䣬ȴְҡֲһѰʿ߻ĳϣԽԼܻ׽Ҳˣ޼ҵĵӣݵ˽ڣĪкͼɡ
Ӽӵвαסʧ񡣽Ȼû䵽أȻ˵Ͽ顣ԼľţͼĲҪ˼ڹ֮䡣ߡ
ӿǹ°ȻӰη塣ԭΪദ˸ӵĻԼˡ£ȥ
ŮǰֻѰӵ鷳ûƹˡʱ֮£еϼ˸˵Ļﲻֹ࣬磬Ƴ׿ȻȺٲȻĸ˷緶ˮδŵ޽Լ֪Ƿ󻼡ԼСڽڳ㣬Ե
뵽˴ŮŤͷһԡԼһŮӣӲദʶѾãǡÿó
˼ʱΨɫɡԼ㿴һλˡΣϰɣ
ӰԵ֮ʱǡŮĿԡ಻࣬˴˵һˮУоΥŲϧĽ֮ʹ˽סΪ֮ĻһƬӣ΢΢ţݾܾķԸɴ˶ߣʱоѡ
ͬʱһջ۹⡣ת


1002 
з磬ƣꡣ˵ĵطĶײһ籩꣬ΪĪı
һֻޱɾԳУԸԼķ֮ˣǰ½δѰˡȻ֪ǿ֮嫣˭ֻڽڵһأ˲Ըͣ
һת֮ʣȻ˵һһӷ˵ģδܸıʲôһƻȴ벻٣ԼΪʸ֮ġ
ӣ㻹֪ʲô˵
һûΪԼ⣬ҲûжԸӵĻԷϡ˫֣Ȼǰ̤ʮǸüĿֵҼȻù쾳ˣβѰ㵱ǱʾأղײգǴɡв֮Աǻ޵Ц
νľˣָһƶ׮ԹΨм֪еӣʮĹֲĹԪˣӻڸģб䱾ͷ
һȣ˵ǿӲʦͽһԻûʧ˺ƤƱаɾ֮С
ˮһ˵ÿһ仰ʲôûеĹǡ
һ԰ҡͷ̫ԽֵģȻ˵޿֡
ֻһǳѲ⡭
ŮǶһ޲ڡ²㲻ӦԲŲæ˲ţˣһƳʾ¡úһƣĪҡ
Թ۵˲֪ᷢʲôһ˼ͬͻȻһתֻǴһϲĺЩЦǺǣҷ˵ڴţţֵֺαΪ˽黳أӵѣΪȻ񡭡֮⣬ָ׼ҰģͬڴţΪƾװɵһ仰ƲԼһˮǧԲɡͽаʹſˣȻˣһִ֮ͣЪֻ˵ÿ˵ͷ

Ǵɽ֮ϣڵİ˼ھˡ˸ֻһˣĸҶλټһӣйжʮˡںʱָ̣ѰĪޱɾ˵
ڵİ˼ңн͵һƣΪ¹֮ͨáÿɾ֮ʱѶϢҵȻڴˣɷϤޱڣ
ʮˣɽΧȦһڵʮ˵䣬ܡ
Ӿһƴƣ˽˵ƾŽеһھһǿͼҵֻ뽫μǣһڱѰޱɾһޣбؽ޹λΡ
еĶʮˣռ˿һʮɵĵط˴̧֮۱ܽӵ֮￴һûȥǿӣڰŸԪӵһһ
ڶ֮ǰһѴӵĿ֪˽ƵĴԼôɾȻÿǧ꿪һأڵķλȴһֱòͼƾ裬ѰʿѰǸطҿؽڲߵһ𣬲ȻҪޱɾ֮С
⣬ӲԪǱΪ𣿶ȴûе⣬Ȥ
Ǻǣ粻ҵȻǼʱǣҿޱޱںη
˵ʱ۹ⲻһҡһͬƣֺðسŶԷʾ£Ʊ˴˲һ޼ѡĳԪĿбӣɫ²ӡ
ϵܣҺ˵Ŵ
һû˰ţһơתֻԶһǰһǶʦͽϡüһδ飬۹С
ʮĳԪɫͷȴǰڲٲҴţֹ֮áߣȷɣСӺεºܡ
Ӷһľٶ޶ãȴһС
ͬʱλҲóһƣɫءﲻͨ;ΨһڡޱɾлԵҿصΡ
һеƣȴһζԳڰ˼򣬲ǧʿ㱻ôһССӶס˲ӣסȥ·ɱʵΪɺҲ

һžеĽơӡһ䷨ɷʹһķɳ˲ߵײΪһ壬ʯѰĶɷɲǣͻȻһâ漴ֳһƬõǿգзǵ㣬һСʱߴҴһ
ǱޱɾÿسֶײΨǰ˲ſѰ񡭡ʱ
ڳ˲÷˵һʮɴСһǿա
һͬǲҵͫ΢ƾǿʶǿмһУ翵ơ
һĹǿջѻɢȥɽϵأԾĿֱֹƬŵͷڤ롣Բóհ׵Աӡʲͼ
˻æµţһͣԻ˿ٴνʶе˵ޱɾңԶƮѰ١Уǿ׷һҷ⣬ʧȥ򡣶ʱ޲һ꣬Ϊȡ

޼ңɽ
Ƶķ֮ϣվλ뷢Ұ׵ߣֱ޼ҵļ볤ӡ
ӱ˫ֳһԵʣҵȻϤһ䣬βֽѵ϶ǰޱɾɡ
ޱؿԶӿƺƬ̲ų˵ǣһȫַ̧ų룬˵޼ڽأĪҪΪûڰšСӦ֮ˣصޱɾ֮𣿡˴ͻȻһ䣬Ժֲط˵޼ڣؽ㡣Сϣҵ鷳ٳûͼ֮⣬ƽϲ٣
ҵȶԾ˾ηǷ̫ڽӻЩ⡣
ҡҡͷ˵ֳĪˣ֮ǿ󣬾󡭡
ɻ󡣽ڽھȴһ֪ʥŮǿվһŮӡ
ԭһתӣ˵׸򡭡
ӵɫ֣ʣҵֻ֪ʥŮһˣѵĸ˲ɣ֮ǰĲ²⡭йԻ²Ȼǽ֮ϵĪڣйؾȴἰ
΢΢˵ͷɫֳּɵԻ£ų˵Ī˵ʥŮĪ⣬µŮԼɽӣɡɵĸ֣ǲеĴҴһƳ
˾ˣǿɣɫ΢䣬Ȼ˵޼Щ±չصĵӡ
תɽֻһâжڳ˵ǰ䳤˿˵Ը˴εɾ֮У޼Ҷ༸λˡ


1003 Ҷï
ʮˣһۡ
ڵһˣ̻պ̤ǰޱɾ̡
߰ɳϸ쳤ӣһйҪ˲٣װ¶ʮ֮вԵӵ
ȥ·;̫ңԶҪʩչݷ·δв˵ˣλʿҪʮλĺͬиΪף۵ıͳΪѡ
۵ķУ쳤ƿء˸ȥЪϢһվڲǰ̧ͷ
۲ǰзӯӯĹâ֮УֳһǿգԼһСڻƶɣǱǴҪ׷ķ
⣬ǰ˵ʯ齡۵ĵ쳤ӿصһʯ̨з辧ʯڡȥ˰ĵط
ֵѣ롭
һԿ¡һʯϣŸӡԪӡˮӡֵһ࣬Ŀ붨ģվһԾ
һ΢΢ЦЦ̧˹ȥ֮Ůһ̬ԼʯøӣǴȥ۵ĺˣٲȻһŮӡ
ʯΪƶɣ߿߶ߣһ׵󷨡УڴԱ㰲ľޡ
Ǻǣңգηæ
ڳĸҵ֮Уֻһ˽ύ֮ġԼ;ĩ·֮ʱ˶ڿֻ֣λֵԣһѵĽѣеϲꡣûڰ⣬Է׽һ֮٣
һŮָʹİԵ˼ֿݣʵοѡµʱٶרУȻѯԼҵµĸ߼
һߵʯǰóһƵ˹ȥ˵ֵѽͬУҰѾ𻰣
һӹ˾ƺȴûг̸¡Żָѵӣһ֣Ц˵֦УӻˣȥֻǷ
⻰Īǵ٩ѻٵĳȡЦ;еķϸϸζһ⾳ӳ˼֮ʣһʯϥҪԷ俪˽ƣ漴ֱ˫۲ΪŵģǺӻƣظһԡ
εҡҡͷδкβסȻԳ֮ͷ˽ֻ÷ʯ£ŵΡ
ʯļ򵥽ֻи赲ʶ֮ãеȴܿһЪϢһ̣ĸʱ˫ۡԴЦݣɫȴзֺů⡣ת࣬һŵŤͷ
ڷУžǰû˿ĵͣͲǰĻ㱡
һأԶţĶͷȴ˼档
ڵİ˼СʹһҲֲϽѰһš˴˼Ȼò룬໥¼ɡ޽ԼǼ򵥣Ҫͬ۹ãֻһ֣ѣ
׼ȴӹָ޼ҡ֪ԷȴԷϣûŪ顣˵ڹȥİٶ߱˽⣬Ὣĳרעһء
ʱ˿ֻ̣ʦͽԼһϵˡŮͶ˼̸ʲô⣻쳤ӣ˽С΢֮ˮӣһҡڲԪǸǳļһ˶֮ͻʼ׽͸Ѱɾ֮ǰ
Ȼ˹ȴö֪Լֻ޼׼ҵʿзͼ졭
ޱɾۼڶ֡Σķ֮أҪǰһУҪ跨Ѱɵ۵ĴУҪĪǹνءȻ˾ֻ޷ˡ
ĬȻ֮УһԳ¡£һĳУָ󡣰ﴨƹȦѲڼ֮£ԭĴҪ࣬ࡣԣó֮ΪȦǣǵĳ˶ŭ
һֱ岻мһˡǷǷǲûԵɡǶ£֪԰Ȼ£ǶԹ
ȦʮɴСﴨֱ˳ĵطһУ׳׳Ҷֻöڽһ硣ˣҪʱʱܵϷŪֵܺίΡһˣϰΪ
Ҷïӹ
һʶԽȦڷʩΣԹֻЦ
ȦطһʯɾŰɫĹâڵϥ뷢ƣɷǷ
ԶֵԵЩηη鲻Ըشǰ˫˫Թ׳Ǹҽ׳ҶҶïԷΪߣʵɲ⡣򲻹ܹܲĥҪǿиʹķ޷޲ƽ
ֿһЦ漴ַŨ룬Ӷƨľ֧ΨиҶïɳ֡ΪСӵʹӣҪʱƵĴ
ֵ¶⡣͵ǿ£޹ذ
߲ɵشһӣ˵ӽ˱һиһҶïʹ˳࣬仰Ǳ⣬ֹһ֣ɽֵŪغƣΪ˵գΨֵܲŷһط˵ƩӵĴţȷգǽ벻ɡ
ֵɲԣȴΪؿǰĸˣһһ׵ġ
ӵĴţȱɵ֧Ǭ֮󣬾Բ˵ԻһתΪ󷽵ֵˣԵ㽫һĹһδɣŪӵ׵ĵһſ˵˳
ֵɫһ漴˼ĪĿھµޣǿĪǿǻ翪ʱĴ棬һĴڡݴеߣһ塣书Сɡ
ϲ֮²룬ֵܡͨͨ˵ϣҪߵлⷬ񰮣ҪǰԺЯ
ʯͷڵϵֵٴֿЦǰֵɱСʵڶˣߵл֮ԱġڰּΪĹԺʵʵʹ͡仰һתΪ˵⹦岻֮أɣֻܹĻԵʱаԹԣߣˡ
ֵֻһĵѣæֵлϲĪվһֽ֮еĸϵƲ壬ͬø㡣ͻȻ״СӣֶΣûӦΪȻظпģӵֻ֪ɱķȴ뱻һССļˣ˿Ψ˫ȫɳɾʹ¡
һջʶתҶïóԼ̸˫ȫûɾһҵֵ˲ȱȫ֮󣬲֪ǻ֡ǻݡ
꣬һɫ΢΢һ


1004 ֮
һڵΣЩ
ǵãһɷ׻ɣįǡǻȻˣȴֺƳķڡ˵ԭޣٴλعޣֻ̧һмƾնձ뾲֮С
֪ɷ׻ԵʣΪ˲ͬأСһѱս׳̫ռݣһȻԪڷڲϢбศɣͨ֫ٺתΪȴΥ֮С
СĽѴĵ뵽̫УĽڶƲ
һϵĲ֣ǬĻԪħ硣
Ԫ̫Ľ紦һһԲĹӯӯ˴໥Ųתͣէһաֻظ棬ƻ֮
Բ飬һΪħ޵İڽ磬һΪԳǬѵ߻ܺ϶Ϊһɣˣֻ龰
һ뵽˴ħ޽Ԫһ󼱾ת֮ڿഥ֮ٿȻֿ֮ǣȴ϶Ϊһ塣
Ƭ֮һŪ״գȴһ仰һɳ绯УŹһ̫ͨԪ
仰ԺɾԪνһɳһ磬һɳһǬħ޽ԪܺУǱܿһʵأкǿգգɽֻءڡһ
֪ΪΣһʧԼǬ֣ЩĪĸΪβܣڵⷽأĪеһ
Ī֮ʣһͷȻЩ䡣ΪʵָΣԼӴߵ˽յǿ֮Զ಻һֻڷ֮ͽ͵ضȦӡųңⲻ֪һж˵ĸ֮С
һ㱾ţ϶˲ⲻҲõȴ޴Ҫֻܱȷε̾Ϣ
ѵ˵
糯¶֮ݣҪȵջԻ͵һɲ¤Ұݰı΢ֺηԷеƬңĳֻһԼ·ʹǰ¾ڡ֡
ֱȥãһŴӷƽԼ֮Уǰ·˼֡ɵ۵ĴйȻҪ߳ⷽصǵǸСʿţʯǿʱ룡
⣬Լħˣ˭֮ϵˣɵԱϾԶźĵɻʲƿһеף
԰ͬԶźġֺα¹ڻ
Ϥ򱻻ٲףķһۡоڽ֮ϣȻߣ֪֮ɷɴƲ⣬ʲ£Զźı޳Ī
һھпһתס˿Ӿл˫ۡƼٿѹȥһ¡
ڵɣûĶӼӵˣһľ̥ܰذȡ쳤Ҳ˯ƵģӦöԦķǷġһԵæվʯɵϢңɵһ;йֵи
һתǰ˵ķ֮ǰȣһƻõǿշ·ӣΨƴ࣬մ˹ţµĹ򣬱׷ޱɾ·;ңԶǽˮ¥̨֪Ƿѽȥһ
۵ĺˣŮЩۡŮӣֱˮݺˮʦͽ˽һӵ³ȹȻڸǲס˵¡ޢ껪ˮ飬ػ͸ģ˹ʮģ֮һľƣһ봼񡭡
һջ۹⣬ֻԼЩģסҡҡͷɶʱ򶮵ƷζŮˣһȥһǰϼйӰһҾһƵӰ
ĺƣһŮӡ
ǸŮӣԼлŮһ绨ѩµķ羰ʶһŮԼַ顣˵ơŮӱһ̳Ļգлйбŵңиοɣİݣһٻ𣬴ˮ벻ķҷֱղֻܶζ
һòǲŮӣһ亱еĽﻨ֮˾ƵĿɬɡ˵ȥһ飻ɵįԶǧС˵İ·ģĲңֻɽɽĺڡ
ǸŮӣľУǴѪ԰׵ȻһЦΪһЦգϧң𡭡
һ˫ۣ΢΢üͷ꣬¶һĨЦ
䲻˭ֻҪĺһŮӣؽж԰Ρ䱾ΪŲɡȻһȴһº֮⣬£
Ů˲ɣΪҪɷѿԼԣΪΪɽΪĺơ䱾˾ɽĺơ
ΪµǿУԶǿŵδ֪ڣ
ıδΪҲ
һ̧üصӡǣһΪһʶħڵĶ
ħǺԲΪħӡɷ׻𣬳˰ĸƾߵһ쾳ˡ
ǸԳ޵ӡһڵаͷǱ˴ֻʣһƲлꡣɼָ̡ħӡɱķδ̫뵱Ȼˡ޳˾ӡһ޵ֽͨĸںδ
ͬ˺Բľ硣Ŀޣ֮Բͻ֮סʱգ֮ʣữΪ
ħΣվҪԱΪΪǸڣȻĳ˱Ѳĳˡ
ΪЩǿ⡣˽콣֮⣬ֶΡĦġԴãȴʮεĳ֮ʼٶ֮ǻǰҪԴͨԵȱһɡֻ˴εɾ֮йбչһʱգյľԲ쾳ǵż
ħ磬ųޱߡ
ŵөʯͬһĹǡ·ɽϣɿݵСݱԼȡ
һݵɽ֮УӰԶһǱĿ붨ǧһģİŮӡǰйꡣнϵı֮ɢȥ֫ٽӲ
һƬĵ֮䣬ڶһ﷽Բ֮ڣԶɢŽٸӰһźһ飬ɭȻ졭
顪
ڴʱһ촫漴ڵ۸΢ζһ¡˲䣬ڵͬʱ˫ۡ


1005 紵
һʼڳżȶķšƽȵİ֮ͻȻζʱΪ֮һ
źƱʲôײһ£ʩչʶ͸ȥǸԴ㵲ѡԼɼкӰٿһգѲӰ
Ǻ
Īײʯ
;˴һʱ
ӰƹȣǸʲô
иҳᣬұ졭

֮УȳסĻʮʿŮܲԵ࣬ǳһ漴Ӳպӵˡ⣬ҵĺ֡
Ȼŷʯ̨뿪벽Ťͷ֮ʣڲ˼
ˮʯ齣ɫȻ
ԪӴԵĽһЦɣһɫ
ӽŵأҹˡ
ӵδȴַתһԡ
ʱŮӵǰʵѣɿߵģ³Է⣿Ƿ𡭡֮µʿΪޣʶڷɶԼԶʲȻ䣬ܶ˶Ū״ŮΪ˸²ңֱԲص˵ĵڣ
ǿ֮кֱײģʯؽɵĸˡҪ;зѣɾ鷳ˣʿһµСԱ֮
쳤ѹŮʾ£˵ᴴֻײҲ޷ֻɻ󲻽ＫΪԵλڴ˴һʱ޴֪ʶ֮УҲ˴µΡǲʲôʯһϵĴڡ
Ů幦ʿƲʣѵǲ֮ˡ
ʱӻ˵Զޣ׶𷣬Ʒ𽣬Ϊ𽡣ǺǡΪȻҡͷЦһͷ˵ްˣײѣ仰һ٣ֺмʶ˵ҵȻ⣬ϡŹֽΪ˴С֣
ŮȻ˵Ҿ䡣ͷ׷ƽϲ٣ʲôֳŸӹ̵ֽŵǺεΪǷԶԸ
ӵ˵ͷаյ˵һͷڵΪǣЩԶ޵֪ڵ伮֮У˭ۼʶޡдһ˵˽
ŮǰתһȦŻصӵߡӵ۹׷ŵµıӰһ߲
Ӳ⣬Ǵӿ۵ķС
ˮӡӷʯ齣ȴûЪϢ¡һǿշһԶĶ
˵Ц֮󣬽žȥ
Ԫӵ۹һٿȻֿ˴˷ϬԼͬؿһˡ
һһͬǾȲѡһٶǰԼǿһȺƵô򡣶һм·Ѳǰһ
󣬴жԣɽзͽǿܵĲ֮ͽԻܡΪߣޣ
治һĺã
ֻĳڸοˣ˵Ϲ
һü۹ڶתơƬ̣ԪһͷһλǺЦʾ£漴µشǷǿշתһʼնԼӣһ֣ɫÿɷ
΢΢˵ͷᣬĪδ˵ʲôǹעһһһ俴ϵڽⴳ겢ȫʵףʷ𣬵ж۹Ӧ֮ǡ
һ˳Եľƺź£еСһ֮漴㰺׹ȥһµӻƣƶЩζ
ڽʱڣƽ˾ⷢڵȴû˾޵˼ڿִͣ
ֵѣصһơ߬һƺһĲá
һڵʯ£ѶϰٸվƺüǴЦ˵Ī£ҪƣҪܹ
ΣԺڲֵԭһȲ͸ĸˣˣǳƭƺȰ֮£ֻýƺ˹ȥѵֻһϸƷܻζ
һӹɷ˵رſһ븹ˮ˲˸ɾδ£תǺһЦֶ˿վƺһӴߴٵþ
ӱƵôʯ˵һû
һȻ˵ûҪһƣҽµľ
ġǡŷ©ΪãȴԱ⡣ֻ˳һ˴˻Ϊͬȡ޶أ
Σɫ졣
Цϵܵ겻ȴǳơԲÿÿϷȡһӦ֮ˡ
еһ˽ͱҲʧǵĻԼʱչֳĺˬǳԼ󡭡
˵ִȤ쳤ӡˮӸ¶Цݡо仰֮ʿĪġѵ֪ǲһ֮ˣ
Ԫӵľ̬ĸвм־ƭ˾ƺȵİϷײͷȴĪࡣ򣬺ܾûйڡ
ԭһЦɻֺǺǵģܷЦЩѵ
ŮڿԼҵµЦ޿̵߳ӣλѵ棬ĪҶˣóжţ
һһ֣ЦǺǣĵɱѪ죬ñƹ纮ӣóжţӻƣʾţз紵˾ơ
ɱ۹ˡͶ·ҡҡͷעһ˵ȻֵУҴǡ䳤һӣʯǰһֲĵ˵һٺӻƣʵС
˵ǧвԼҵµһ仰һƾնһٺƣпһ˸ɴػصֵѲؿףƣֻҪ
Լҵĵ£ǻԼ鷳ӻˣԺﻹʲôӻƣԹȴû쳤̾ذڰֻ֣һŹԼԷץƺʼһţ̲סĵѵƽС飬㳶͹ࣿˮǾƵӻưֵѣá
ת֮䣬һûˡӻ˵Щʲôתܣֻӵɫ΢䡣ɲǣһȻ͵²ٲ췭ظһ㡭


1006 
ʱڶƽ£ȴֻΪ˵ȴһ̵ı
֮УȻڴ˲䣬һǰһѾƺѸ뿪ڵʯ齲һţֻܽƿţΪصߵҡ
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ҡҡλ֮УҰ˵άŷУȥȴɲֹһչأ͸ǿա
һӰҷųĺ⣬һ˰յԶʶɼЩϮ˵Ĺ峤࣬ޣ𣬱˫쳣ޣжʮ֮࡭
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ŮʵֵǺ⣿ѵҪҵԴвɡ
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Ů䲻ɣȴʹ˸ɫ˴˶˼Īʦͽɫȥ˼ѡ
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ԶĴڷ΢΢һ漴ȻͷʦŸӰԼѲ˸ϵ
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ӵ۹һһҡͷЦǺǣбԼ¶Ϻǣֺα汳
ˮ⡭


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һ˲ܻѹãڵ۱Ϊһҡҡ׹ƴȺʱ׷һĪ̽
һ˵鿴ִ֪ȥͽ档һƳڷʦվһ΢΢˵ͷŸ˵ƾĳı£ҪѡҽͬУ˽Ϊȣ
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ӽԶϺĻһ䳰ȷвһšԴˣһᡣֻ뿴СĽھʹ˷ֱžһ⡣ѵΪֹĪν֮ԤҲ
еҵȻͬ¾ܹѹأһֱڵΣʱһ䣬ֵΣڼҽȴһͳ֮ˣȻӦ֮ʣΪãʶһתһֿ¼Ȩϵܲݴ֮һλΡ
һͷһȴδӦ֮ƺ磬ʵһǮֵнֹ˵ԴһŶԵ׸Ī˵˼ˡ
ӽ˷˵ϵ֮ΪˣνĿã֮Ϊ޳ߡ
Ǻǣһ֮ԣܴҽ˵ͻȻЦŴӡʯϣƤϷż˷ܣȻɫؿ˵ۼΪǰű˴гԪӵѣˮӵѣе¸ص쳤ӡɿ֣ʾңԸȤֵֵһִƽڰɡ
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봾ڷһٲȻҪ빲ʦͽɫأһλȴƵӡ
ˮԽѣԪɣΨиһڵЦš
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쳤ӵͷǰķɫЩľګвޣֻܹϣʱſڱˡ
ȫȻģȴһʼųеĶһλڴ
ںֵ֮ܳΪһ֮ϲּţߣ鳬֮ˡ
ŮԼұ˷ΣЩ졣ʵõıȫ֮ںڲȡ˺Ӧ䣬δΪҲ
ˮһۣ֪Ⱦ̾һȻҰģˣǱЮֲ˺Ƥϻؼҡ
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쳤ӿԶΣɴһ˵ƱаУ򲻿ɡ
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Ǻǣ쳤һ쳤ӵԡ䰲ο˶Էһ󣬴ŲеļƣһЦδΪ˵Ľᣬʱջ˰ֿԪӵˣƻλɿ¹شаΣв죬ҵȵͬǡ
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һ۹ڸͣƬ̣ӹڳÿһˣһ׳̾һ˵Ըͷ㲻ˣλรɣתǰķ󣬱˫֣ĬȻ
꣬쳤Ȼʧ²ʾ⣬˿ǿգһɫұ䣡
۵࣬Ƕʮѵǧ֮⣻۵ĺ󷽣֪ںʱֶʮɳ۵ǣۿ۵ǰӰڵһſ


1008 ÿ
һȺѣ˵ˣΪǣ
һȺأ
ϵʮ֮⣬ټɲĸأö˵ˣˣ
ͷ֮ʱϦ֮ʣһˣû˵Цɣ˽֮ԼҵĴڣһֻ̣ޱߵľ־ϮԳ֣
쳤ӷһҳȵߣʱ˺Ҳ޴ֱ̧֮Ҫ۵ĺţ󺰵ͷ
һԵŮԻʧɫģȴͻȻѹִе
쳤ӵһʢӵ۵غΪ
ʱһ·ΪʮĵӼһ޲̻ʧ롣ˣڵȴһȺ֮ǰҪЩľϡԭ˰ɼ
ΪΣҡŮֻЩԣڳ鼱֮ȴ˵ȻǡڴʱһֱĳԪͻȻ˵쳤ӣͿ·ͷֻᱻɱڳλ˭ܱȵùĶݷ
쳤ŵķδһ٣æعͷ
Ԫӻ˵㲻ˣϵأˮԵñ겻ǵͷͣ˼ʱȻװ״ˡ
쳤ĿʧָǺãɡ᧿ΣֻҸмʶøϣ鲻Խתʵӵѡ
վ쳤Ůһԣ־ź룬ɫԵЩ԰ףȴתͣɫл͸һ˿벻ŲԶǸӰһʱĪ쳤ӵĻΪ˶Է硭
һͷҲأԹ˱˫֣ĬĬ۵ǰİǿеӰٽͫ΢΢һ
ǺնˣòΪ죡
ڵ׳֮⣬Ϊ׵λ쾳ĸ֡
һˣǸƤڻƵӣ̫˵ĺھ硣ߴƤ壬òªɫư䡣һ˫ͻţ׺͸ż
һߣ̫˵Ϊ˫պЦݣǸ˭
ʱ˿̣һʲô룬˿͸ʦͽȵСˡ仰ųڣȻըװĺ
䡢䡢䡭
ڷ֮УͻʮǵײȥȻһ٣漴һ˶ʯͷ׹Զһ漴ԳԲϰݣ׷ȥԸֿ񱩵ĴݲС
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Ǳĥۣɿ׹һŹ¼ŵĲǡâ֮УǺһȼյ𻮹գ졭
󹦸ɣΪ׵İߵЦвԼֵν°빦˵ţתһԵ˹֣ǫ͵ģ
ССۣһΪԼ˰ҡҡͷֵֻҪǼȻҴӴİ·
΢΢һֲΪȻЦҿûŵʲô
ƭҡԼɫһɱʢ
æ˰֣ɴŽЦݽ˵СӵϣȻĴУʮ֮˾űҪıأõƣΪĿáԷɫ䣬ĵ˵ɱС֮崫֮һб㣬Σ
ڴʱǿԶǿŲϴһ졣ԼϾ˵߼˻׿ȥֻѣӰҷɣѪ𡭡

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ˮݺŴӵδУ鲻Խطһ¼Ŷ֮ϣҳһĴӡ۲кܣһҵӰƴɱ˴Ӱе䣬ڲҽСһλͬŵʦˮŽΣѱâ͸漴ķѣѪɡ
ʦôˣˮݺĿɿڴĪͬʱһźХͻϮŵһ飬Ž壬ڡ顪һз˳ȥڰգѪٴξؼеʦҡ
׹֮ʣеĶʮ˦ɷԲһطʿûŪڵ״ѱʮӰסмͼתۼøΧ³
Ů֮ͬǻ޴롣ŽԶݣ漴ִͷ
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״ŮԻͷпĻԼҵĵ¡ɽס£ҪǰӭȥŵӺȣæѭȥĿѡ
ˮ˲䣬ˮݺͷ޵ĹΧ֮Сգ۵Ĺ򣬺úһò绨Ůֱ˺Ƭ
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Ů۵סͷȥĿõӵĲȴȥıʲôʦԹ˲ϾԶ˵Ľأ
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ССɽڣʮɳߣ֮ΪʯΪСվ쳤ӡӡˮӵȺʿдڷ硢ӼĸĵӡʮΧ˸СȦӽأɫءʮ﷽ԲһƬǿ֮УЩӰλ壬һ׺ţ
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һԱֶûءŮ˴˸к֮ת̧ͷǿգѪ
׹֮ǰһϵ˼ԵһС쾳סԼȥ·ȻҪסһ˵ȴҪһ˼¶иĪ飬˵˭ûһѪĴء
׹֮һʾʦͽԼҡ֮У˳嵽ССɽ֮ϡǼһоֹ죬Ӽÿ죬ͷ˹֮󣬱˳Ԫˮӵ˵׷档
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ԻѵµĲԶվųԪӡҩȥʲһȺ޵ΧһĶǵĻսҴܡҹѵ֮£ͨûôֻƾΪӲƴӲɱڳʱȫӣʵ֮ң
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뵽˴ӸеЩִڴһ£޺̧ͷɫгɲ
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ӱʦͽǳУΪ˹¼ҹһɽڵһ۵ʱĶ棬ȥг·أָ˭Ըôһλ߳ƵĽ
쳤ӵǹһ˿ѪɫЩǷϡЩ룡Ī֮䣬䲻ѭӵ۹⿴ɽϵһˡδͷ⣡ѵԼˣǲһλѰĺ֮ˣкξ֮١
ãȻ֮У쳤Ӹ볤̾ת̧ͷԶ˲䣬Բ˫ۡ
νĲǣСһʯͷһȺٺߣԱˣƮڰ֮СȺȻķţɱ͸ꡣӰĿ
Լ쳤ӽסһĪ쾳ĸˣ
ϵϣľԹ˲ϾһԻعΣڣԾ쳤һ޶һȺӵŵ֮УλǱѰ
ϹˣһڵΪһ˺ڵľ硣˭ԽҵɱλóԸҲ
ڳ˾ͷһһɫ⼥ڽĻǳ׶ȴԱ粵һʱһʱκΡ
˵һһֱ˫ֿ죬ɫ䣬˼ѡ
ʶ޵ԵʣǿƶŵƲˡͼҪһޱɾȥӦòѡֻǲ̫ܵá
⣬ϵǻεĸ֣еʮ޳졣ϲӦ˵ǻٵܡ
Ȼһб鷳ˣֵζˣ
һȺǺһԵǿСʱ򲻹ܡβ֮ͬǰʧȫҪǴһȺ˦βͣޱɾ֮н롣һʵڲ̽ĸ־ʹ
ʶʱ֪򲻹Ҫƴһ
һ˼ƽ֮󣬳ûһ䡣ӦûȤƲƲ졣˲ԹܲйĿ⡣ıʧ⣬һҲźáܷŶؾԳɣ
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ǰһ˵ҽֵ˴֮ʣϵһԾ֮ԭһģʱж˼֣֮ɫ˽ȴʧΪеʶ֮ˡ
һӣÿɷЦЦ۹Ƴӣвʾ⣬Ȼ̧ͷȥǧɸ߿գеİִʲôһԵȴǼΪһӡת˲֮䣬ķ･һ
״һɫ΢䡣룬׳˳˵ǻнȺ֮ƣҪ֣󷨸һλСˡδ˵꣬ѾõĿȻ̤նһɲǣȵ׳׳Ҷ֮˲䣬ſ³һ⣻ӰȻͳ˻Ƴգ̶޵غУǸҶï
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ɽϵ˽ͷһң֮ɫĪʮĽȺһֻ쾳ĸҪܣȴһеֻӭȥ
ҪѰɡи֣֮ΪǺ𡭡쳤Ŀʧ״Ρ˲ĸ֣չֵΪɲ⡣ʮػ˾ѻʯ
ˮӴҴһ˸æת˴˽סش˿ڴѰδذɣ˾ܻ׽һԩ˽֮ǿʤ
ڷ硢ӡŮȼʿھŹ󣬲ɵһĵǣԵɽ𺣣᳤ֻ֣ܳ硭
Ӹ׿ȥڴҪһˣһأ֪ܷٴμһ£Ĵͨ
ԪӿһӰͷͻȻЩ㱡϶ߵ·ŲʧΪǵѡ񡭡
ϵЦԽӲ۹ȻСܶ˽ٲɣ϶ûлͷ·
Ӵʱľͬеֽ߬һ𡣻֮ãûĽǶּйûˣն֮еһн֮ˮ
ͬʱǧɵĸ߿֮УΪԼ⵽·쳣ָӰЩתһԵİʵ˵һǸӡ俴һʿӲʮĸ֣Ƿʲô


1010 Ͷ
Щܵءšһ˼ǲԼ˵Ĳ漴ҡҡͷ̲ѡ
ҪǷӣԼֳʲô
ĳôһ񲻽ѳ򣬻Ĵһֻ꣬ΪѰǸСӵ䡣˵ԼǸӵķ񲣡
ижصװɵѣʵһ黫թ޳֮ͽ԰գεغǺһЦԵĲԼֱԹΪβȰأܻͬҪЮʮþȣȻ
ԼԸԱ͸ɷ˵Яڶ֮£˭Ҳӣһ٣ƳһߣżֱĵĿֵĳֻɱ֮£м֮Īٳ裬⻰Ͷ䲻м˵°һ˦׸ȴ΢΢һСӲ촷ۣ

һУʮ۵һ֮ƣγ˰ɷԲĺѹѹһƬէֻк
ڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣŽذɵһͻȻֵ̧üġ˲䣬ȥƺƶ٣漴жһģһӰ֣ջӰȴ˴ҸԲǰһˣΪɷƶа΢̵ǻŹЦһˣ˫üƵķȻɣǱɱȻ
һٳħɲǣֱ͵һСɵĽ𽣻ȻһʮɳĽ硣֮һ䱾ֵͬȻȥΡ֮УֻǺ뽣ĺХ

ʮĿֵһУʹòԼԸд㵡ɡħ˫ǲף޸ΪԷ޵˵Ϥ룬Ȼ˵ǣмѭСӵıȴӰޣΪΡЦΪΣʥֶãűʩչνֶΡǲѰķٲȻ뱾ͬķֲȽϵʿܻ񡭡
ߣضԣ
Լִ̧ߵĻ鿴ǰΣ۹ѣǻԸһСԼʦһǻִӴ˲գ
߲ΪȻЦЦȴǰһڡֻõĴв֮λձؽԹȼһˣߣ

ɽ֮ϣһȺʿѼȫ䱸ֻ֮ʱԱŷԸӦԡڴǧһ֮ʣÿ˵۹⻹ǲһǰӰ
ϵһͻȻֳʿסһɡħޣΪɲĴڡһĪ˵ڣǿ쾳δ֪ѹηǿУԭѣ֮ʼ̲ҪΣ֮ʱ֣
ʦͽŮԼ쳤ӵˣԵ˼ͬС죬ȴ޲ͷһһ֮еΪȣڳôһλ֣ǾʹתΣ飬
һֱһҵĳԪӣͬϢڴĪһ֮츳ǵ֮ϲҪ׷Сӣ򰡣ܽΣڵԼʦͽĶԹһʹкηء
ŻҼգЦӲͷסһ䡣ǰСֹһεذԼĶȻ˲ɡһҴ˽٣ưոݡ

һط֮ʣֻôʹɱ֡ϵµķ羰Ͼ˼֮ʮ֮ƣڴ˺ָΣ˵
ʩչȥε˲䣬һٲ֮СΪȴ磻뺣ֻһξˣ
ҴһһʮֶԸϵһȺʿ˷գûӰԲδϡǲѻʯ֮٣޷Ѱ·³ת֮䣬ͻ䡣
һıֳٶδѪĽƿմϵƬ֮Сһ﷢֮ʣӶֱ֮ۡУʱһɫ硣֮ҺѪɡ
ˡ
һͷ⧲֮£ءһĺ֮¹âһѸǧٴֳΣȶű˫޵Ǿ顣ɲǣһԺ˳һƹĹ˲佫Ԫ񼰲д

һεĺںӼâҪڵس·ǵɽڣʹͣһֻȭ͸ôһ䡱һȥΣƴһԶвסȥƣ֫Ȼһšһ£Ȼ촦漴Сꡢꡱ׽֮ʻ˵ûζˣ磬ȵζհĵ֪ǺöΪ磡ֹӻֵȺʿȻûռЩˡ
顢顪
ߴӲβԣ˴кһΪضһԡˣȻӰζһأûܷѡ˫˫޴ӵֵȭҿͷ­̼ɵһӰһţһЦǺǣνԪʶ֮С
ϷŻѹΣɱ˵Ϊ֮Ϣ䣬ʱҺѪ꣬ǽ壬ǿĹΪ֮䡣ûĽ޴ڵȭԼؿɲɷ׻ڲ֪ƣոһһֵڷسû٣һƬң

ʮ֮⣬Թ۵ĲԼŭĿԲŹƬ̣ǰѱɱжʮ֮ࡣմȥò˶á
СӵΪǿһͷйֻͨܰȴԻ֣Ⱥ಻ˣһ˵á
ڲԼŭ֮ʣԶλȴǻɣϵЦ͸ֻûֵΣδΪҲֻϼϣҴǰ˵仰δ䣬һ˸Ӱ˴ɱ˳ȥǺһ֣µ׳ͷʾ⣬漴һͬ·ɽϵȺʿ
ԼмЩֶΣȴԼһȥҲ޿̣ɲǡѻһɫٿȻգ˲ʮ⣬ֱһѪ꣬ȥƲһ١һ޼ɵĽɫŽһƬѪǽ壬͵ϮһȻʧȥӰ
ɶ񡭡
Լŭɱ޴йסһͳ˻ķֻѰǸʮСӡ
Լҵ˳ˣײʮ･Ȳ£ʹ÷ŵĻΪ֮һ֮ǰļ¶ԵֵĽ⡢桢ȭԼ޼ɵӰԺƲڹһһʧȥ˶
ʮһУƮɢŲ֫ϱۣŨصѪ۲ȥ˴ĿĶ̴棡
ͷһԼѾ쵽쳣͵ػ׿¡СֳΣ˵ǰͷɽڵϷ


1011 С
ϵһƬңϵȴʼսң
һڵĵûֶΡҵɱУ޲Ŀѣ̾Ϊֹ
Ž˭˰ݺ۳ң۽ڣΨֳϡֵѶӢҲ
ÿһǧʿǳɾҪ˵ȥһͬˣû˭ĸԸܹȥһ̣һľٶ˲òķڷ
Ҫ˵Ϊ㣬ڲ׾С΢ҳΪνĵ壬Աǣǳؽȴ˿У
ڸһ̸ʲô飬¼֮ٵǲ֡ԷδѰƻǿΣͷͦάΪΣ˷ȣΪѵá
վһĵط̧۾˸ʲõسȵϮ֡ʾ⣬ǰҵһĹâ˲䵲ɽڵϷ
䡪
ֻâ֮Уըһ졣Ӱ˳ȥֱʱֵܱƵĶӡ
Ǽ͵Ϯޣڽʿֵ޹ͷ֮ʣû˸и񲻶ĸӣͬȫԸ
˽ɫ΢䡣ǧ֮ϣֱһڶ֮ʣſ˫Ӱɲ֮䣬ХǿĪ֮糱˽סսľ
쾳˳ˣû˵һսʱĹ˼ɣԷʩչͨʿ֮£ҲסǾһ
˶־֮ʣһֻذ֮ϣʱһͻȻնѸΪһ壬ֱǰߣȵˣһ
ıѾãбȴûϵ˸Ҹӡľһϲŭӡ
СӣǺõڻ裬ʵ
ߵȥƲͣ˫ٴλӶǰ쫷쭣Ȼͷʮɵİ쵾޻͵سһݺȥ˲䣬ЦЩ߳Сӣռʲôˣ̳
һϽһƬȴûܵĶҹѣ֮злɳáǵҶɱʵõĽڿ϶ҪԴ˭Ƭ֮󣬱㱻˿˴˼Ρ֮£ֻóءߣǸһЦ滢ļһ
֮󣬲㱻׷·ӣռȻԩ·խ޴ӻرܣֻ浶ǹһءҿԼΪ޳
һɽ֮ϣ˲ûҪɱ졣üƬӡйâ΢΢ķ˫۷֮СǰʮɵĽâȻʮɡʮɡ
ת˲֮䣬ͷͻѵ⡣ǻͫצŹ⣬ѪȷХ׺ɱɽ㸲Ʋɵ
һ㲻ܣҷӭ羢ذհǿн֮ʣͻȻ֮̽ɲǣŨüѪӿ͵ػӱ۷

һɵĽâŭȥʱ˺Ѽ飬졣ǽɫĿӭͷײ˾ĺˣǡ顢顱ĺ޻ķΪ߽֮⡣ɲǣķΪ͵غɨķһԽסһȻһԴˤȥ
գ죬ǿķ֮±ȺˣֱʮǿסΣǷХɱ̴档֣ͬǲ̶ֻܲһЩŵ¿ȥ϶µȫһȻԸǸСӡ
ڴʱɽ֮ϴ䡪һ£ǡͨһص졣
ײ쾳˵һγ֡꼰ڸʿƺȻһæ˶ܡһһƨˤɽ֮ϣǱϵĽƲ٣ֳ˳೤Сɵģ
Ϣ֮䣬һƮ𣬼̶˫ŵֱͦɽڵʯҳһǳӣڱȴǺһֳֽһᶶۣŲŲæػܣȻѪȻͱˡ
ڵһˣֵͬڣ㵽ʮ֮⣬޲ɫšǺĸ֣԰Ȼ뼸ĵȴ³֮꣬ԶٴЩơм֪Ҫʲô
һתףü΢΢һϵ뻯εʮ֮࣬ǱԼɱ˵һʱû˸׽ǰ׺ѲʵǲȫֻҪӦԵ÷㲻Ϊ
ѵҲǱԼĽסˣˣļթ᲻ûѣϧǣƾźڵΪɵķʩչһ쾳ĸ֣ȫҵѲѣҪɱ˶ԷֻһԸˣ
ڵ̫֮ʩչֻ֮ףźã
һȥ˶̳ıݣǳԼϣˣͷǷλӣ޴֪
ʱ˿̣һȻκβԼһ쾳ĸأΪ鷳
һ֮ʣͫ͵һǧ֮ϣǸòŭֱԼ֮һɫֶʱɱձ
״һһƲ̤ն˲䣬ƻ˸ˣͶŭ޳ֻԶ٣ˣһĳһʱ
ĲԼŭʢһʿ꣬ʵǽ޿̡ȵĳҪСʬΣ˲ò֣ųڣϷк¡ǵȻһͷʮɵ׳צ̷׺쳣
ɴڰ˼Ц̰ɫŨֻǵСǸޣóħ޵ͨ˭뷽Ž֣ľɼҵֶΣΪǿѵ̳ԶŴУǽΪУʱգ»ͷ𡭡
ԼҪԶ֣ΪȻҡҡͷȻ˴ͣηһְأ
ǡڴʱŭȵӣСˡ
ȥԸ⡣·һȺʿ֮У˳ûǿգ漴ּһ̶ҷһѸԶȥòԼķԸǻ˲δ׷ϡ
ͷһȻ˹ǲмغЦһڡʿһòȻʵ֮Ƕ֮ˣȻԼ鼫Ϊ£ǿɶ񡭡
ԼԦۣһƴĻ֮ʵȥģǸӣʱŭȵģཻĳԪӣ
ɽڵܣʿ䲻һ߿ѡû뵽ӻӣͷһмѭ
ǰ;УŴγԻڣ޷Ҫһв塣ʱȻûԸһѣڴɶ֮ӣȴԶݣΪΣ
˰֮ʣȴ˲ö룬һ̧ͷɫС


1012 ֮
ǿ֮ĶԻȭͷӲӹǲʵڵĻᶼûУ
ǸˣֱҪļơǿסЮŭһֻº룡
ʱһ˲ΣϾӵ룬ֻǿ֮ʱȫԸңǸδ֡
вˣͦսǰ󲻹ϢĹһ𣬱ҪʩչǿɱС׳䲻˼һüɷţԼ˫նʱһסɣȭȥ
һȭȭȭȭȭȭ磬顢顱װĺ֮Ť̶ХһʮɵɫӰڷţצţ޲ۼƷ
һȭһȻһɫӰ֮ŭ
ġɵһ֮Уһһ󡣶ת֮䣬ɫӰһ׾Ľ
һսûоֻ̫ۡؼȻһҫ۵Ĺâ漴ӰһӰǰ׹䡣׾ĹΪ֮һãȻһˣͣĿ㵡
顪
ǱһĴʯͷ׹һΪһССʯײһ졣ҳһӣֱ͵صٴΡͨˤȥ˼ͷǱͣȴ泯ŶҲʮӰԶɽ˾ֹ
ϵܡ
ֵѡ
ֳϡ

һˤĵط֮ǰǵɽжʮԶƫͽΪһ׹򰵿ڴ֮ʣڵһ˾ȻɵشҴҸ˹ǵİΣ͵ϮֻǱʲôԵɡ
ûƷѣֻһȺʿΧŵϵһʮΧ˸ɵȦӣǰóҩżңϵ޴󰭣
һţؿƣʹ֮⣬ûкβס˿֮۹ӹһսסŮӵˣгԪӣǸݵϴЩɫ
һֹ̧סӣӻƮ𣬼̶ϥƳɫԶȫȻûಫķƱá䷽һУҲѰ
ӴŽ̧ͷһۣеĵҩתһȻ˵ϵãϵش󣬻Сġ
һ΢̣ɫÿɷǻһͬΪĶ֣ʲˡ˭дɣһлת
ҽ֮ʣֵѲǰӲͦأŮûӴˮԸ׷ҡŮδ˵꣬Ӹ͵ΪȻ
쳤ӳ£ͷ˵ֵ֮ȣƽǰð˺šɫǸȻǳԪʦͽž˫֡ӳû廰ֵѵΪ𡭡
˻תƬ̣ϢȻ˳ްһҡͷˣ˵λˣҽڵѣӦ֮壡˴δʲô𣬴Ҫᣬ¶һĨЦ⣬˵ףżѣβϧ;Եֻ֣ΪߵøԶδ˵վû˷öá
ڴʱ˳ȵһӺδȡԹȵĹʵ
ʿĥһ⣬Ŵԣһһѹȴԭ쾳ĸ˻о𲻳ɣ
һ˵˼˫̧֣ͷ塢ӰһʵǺˣΪΪУ
ǿվţӳַĻԴúԶԼϣƣ׾ȻɫУȻżĪĴɻ󣬳˵ԹȵĲԼȻʣٵ⡭
ڲԼͷԶһȺ뻯һ⣬ˡ
α仯ϵЦ֮ްСӵĹȻԹȣˣֵúúˣ
ǰΪ˽ɱСӣޡҪȺ֮ӷԸΨ˵䱳ˡ֮£ڷһ֮ѰԹȵĲԼʾΪ˵Ļǽ⡭
һǸصĲԼ΢΢޵Ц͸żζԹȣͷһ˵طɴ˿ɼ嫵ǿ֮УָжٲΪ֪ĴڡǲʵΪϳĹǲܣ¶ԡ
һСɣòԼɫŭİǿӣһ߳Ϊβܣ˷ŵĽ֣Ϊԣݵ
һΪȻͷ˵Բ飬ΪҪأϸǡġˡΪ֤
ǿбʣ񷴶ǳ˲Լһ˵ıס䱾˻ûзʲôʿȴǿ˶ߡ
ԸŭΡųû̽Щʲôȴֱ޶һءƬ̣ƽϲ١Լ˭˭ˣ࣬գΪǲʲôˣɶСӣĵİ
ڵĸʿһСܵĶһ߶̹Ȼһ̾ѣһ֮ʮսˣԲҽоݣһҺòǶ֡
Լ·ȺеǸӰЩɫƳԶˣתֲͷ˵ģԹȵĻ֮ˣΡˣ¼һ֮⣬Էͬһʹһսȴ
һԼĵӣΪǿưԸ˼δ̫ΪˣȻĳûħӡûܵķأתӻʵΪ֮ΪҪΡ
㡭Լһɣŭɶֲü˵СóװɵȻһȷʸڷϣЦȻһ䣬ǰȥΣȻ仯һʮɵ׳ڰҡͷβĿ˸̤磬ɷǷ
ΣԶЩ޶ʱһű˫ˡֱ죬鲻Խһ˻
ַź룬ĪءǺǡһ֡ҵȴԵЩţƶɵ
ϵʮʿͷ޲ȻĿǾȻһ
Ƭ̣ɢȥԭֳ˲ԼǴִ׳ǿգ°оȻ͸Щįǻ֮ת׸ֵһ֮ΪԶȴԹɣȻָԺηѲǼ
ϵ½Ȼ֮ʣһֻǵƳ漴̧Լۡϵʯֳֳһ˦ڱ󣬰װȻ˵Ϊֺ


1013 ֮

ߣ̥Ƿ
ʦԣԹ֮⣬֮ΪһˣƾΪΣڼΪԼʲô
ԼĿɫáһԳΪһ̣ӰȻھ֮࣬еЩСĪ̻֮ϮһľηԲλı΢ȻһʱãȻ޴룡
һķ벻ʹòԼΪŭǿ񣬳·߳ڲĳǰû˸ԾӣٽϵԹʾڵľ⡣вӣ³
ʮʿֵܵĻ֮£һأԱֿ졣֣˫ǹһǲԼżԸԼʵ⣿ˣһб
ļ̳֮ϣõ׻ȸƣΨ˶Է˵һòڵĿе֪Ŀʥһݺһû䣬ʥʧɢ˶Դ

ʿ㷲֮УЩͿһԽںľţȴĸ˾ˣǸߺרŶ˷˼֮Ͼʲô
֪УԪӵ۹һתֽŵһľٶаΣȫһϡֻĪ⣬Ը׻
ڷͬипѡһֻ½ʿӦڱʮ˳ҡȻǿһڵΪϣԼв磬ѹūӴӲ
ȺʿΧ׳׳Ҷһһս׽ֵܻǶмɵ˶Դ˲⣬ֻõһ׺磬Լɡ

ڲԼŵĻ֮ϵϾƬ̣һͻȻضĿ֮У׻صĳûǱ֣ȻṰ͡
ҲӡԼɫɱ硣
һȻϷȥ˵˴֮䣬ûд벻֮˵һ壬ν
ԼȻɫ䡣ƱⴥͷһۣԳܵĿʹȻϮҲͲססһŭ𣺡ɱ㡭͵һͷ£գۼ仯һ磬ֻ뽫һ˺Ƭ촷ۡΨˣܽ󻼣ſͷĿֻţ
ڰ֮УһͻȻһâ˲ǻ۽𷢵ģüҺɷ˫Ѫ࣬ķƻȻԷĲԼ㲻ܣӭͷϮȥȵĳӲԾӣȴԼ԰
԰գһȻȭһȭȭȭȭȭɫӰεƿն˲һһϼ⣬̶ǰΪһ壬ȻһɵĽɫ֮ɲǣһǿնٳսɱ
ԼڼסĿȻǰһİɽͻ֮ϯصɱɵֻͷȴѲ룬˻һѸ׾ȫ׺ȥ
һսѵȴꣻһսֻһ˵׵ĶԹһսӮ񣬻غԹǶʦͽĴϣ

Զǳ˸Ȼ
һһɱɱɨķ
ϣʮ޼޲Ϊ˲һ𣬶ǽ˾η
ϣһȺʿĿȻһˣԺڵΪչֳ쾳ƣԶԶǿһ
ļͷһ󻼵ûʧΣ˵СӲöԸһޣܻǿ̫ڷ˼ˣɣȻĴУ

ӲԼĶ֣һķһв֮䣡
ײһǡԣʱҫǧâը˻磬ķ˵϶
䡪һ£ƿգϡһѷ磡
֮˲䣬һǿбĽͻ䣬תԼᷭŵ˳ȥһİɽ׷ᡣ
ҲڡԼֳһ޵˻ŤתײʵصԼһһٿȻʧڰ֮Сӣʮ޼ﾪɢȥ
׷ϲǰȥʮһɽת˻ֱӡǳ׼ҪѰҵ鷳
ڰ֮УΪĿõһие졣ԼСӵĶ֣ôأһ˺ڵΪһᳬľ硣ǰ󲻹ʤת˵ԼȥҲܵ³
ԣ̫Ρ
ͷȴٳȥۿǵĽ˹æѰޱɾȥƽϡ˲ңƿһԶ⣬ҴĶӡ
ɽҡͷβ£ɵ̶׷żһŤͷǿգֱǧ֮⣬ɢȥΡһͣ¶һĨЦʶŭ𣺡ٽԪ֮׷ϲ֣Ƥѻ꣬Ҫ֪˭ðһ塭
һûӦĿȥһǿֻصյĳ֮С
֪ˣӦԶɱ֣СֻƣΪβ׷ؾء
ĽͣȻΪŭ¡ڲԼһԷԳΪǱס
ԶѳΪ˴˵ȻĪ⡣֪ǣ̫࣬в֦ڡʶȲѣй¶мȴҪһ֮йһŭ˭ԷӽȻþգʧסһ
ѰǸԹȣϳڼΪЦл֮಻ͽûӦΪβңС̫ͷֵĵϸȴʼװģ治ʹ졭Щ಻סȻǶŭ
һͷŴǡǻ֮ͽڱ˵Լһֻ֮ʣвͬˣʲԪ֮սʤ֮
Թ˵һָ£צֲδΣӿϵĸСצӡȻϰݣߴٵ֪ؾЩô׷ȥʱ
֮ǰŵǿʯͷ棬ڵһֵһջʶĻ޶ԡԷ˵ĲԼǴӲԼϿ˶ߣɴ뵽һȺޡ
ںɾУɣ˰лڶޣԵҩ֮Ϊ֮ʱ䱾һȺԻ޽䲻ʱһδ֮ϡź²⣬ϽԹȵĲԼ˷ĹȻӳû½͹Գ


1014 
͡ؾйֽ̣Ҳ֪ƾҵΪֻССİ벽ѡܽ׷ϲԼȴƱҪľ̫ǰ;δҪЩɡ

׷ϲԼҵΪ˼ҵĶְΪߣ֪֮߳Ԫ֮δһսɱ֮

ɱΣв֪Թȵȥ򣬲Ϥ飬վͽ޹һȺޣĸ֣Ūɳ׾˵ˣˣܱô

»ʱգҶѰԹȣΪ˽׮ԹϣǶǵµһѨ

˻ŭ˸ΣĪ¼ɻ䲻ᣬһв²⡣屻˿ˣСɵ㣬㣬ҡҲ㡣ӱǧ궼

ȥĪ⣬»ԶԶûƴʱ򡭡

˯Ǻǣ㻹ǵûͷԵʻᣬѳΪ𡣶µԷ࡭

һٽ۽𷢣Ȼعԭģǿ䣬ʼûš˵˺û⾡˲ǣᣬԴȦ˯Ǻϵ
ڱˡ˲Լ֮һδ׷ȥնɱ
Դˣڷ߷֮࣬ʧ䣬Ҳˡ֪ܵڼ壬ͼõּ޲ǸԼڵԹȣԼܴܵԼĸйذ˻Ե֮£źò֣ⷢȴΪ
СӳˣӲˣˣҺҺ
һʦѣԼΪ׽֮ˡΪԼͬУνأ
ˣһŲòּΪȥ׷ɱһεĲԼȥ֮׵Ԫ֮òʧƾΪóȻѰԹȵ䣬ʧǣľʹɾ֮аزֻۣ˵ֿԣ
˭Լıµ΢أΪֵǰȫңҪսʤԷδһԸˡħӡг֮롶ؾֶΣ»ԶԶûƴʱ򡭡
֮£һֻúο
ĬʾζŲĵǵ̫һʱ֮

һ컺Դ˸ʯͷ˵أæһӭȥǰ䣬Լٺңʵ˸п࣡ǺԲ˵䡣
ϵܣΪҽڰΣͦжսȺ֮׳٣ĪΪһǳһ˵˿ɷĻ泩ʲôѵõϲ¶
Ӵֵѱҽ֮Ůǰɺ߳û顣ͣʵĹάеҲϷ֮⡣
Ӹ˵˹֣ݵƤϼЩεЦ⡣ֻͷٲǡ˶Թ˭ǳء
һŵ֮Ӷֵۡ漴ȥΣ˫˫صȦʯ֮Сδӹ԰࣬ʾ⣬תЦ˵ǰǿУʵңĳ֮ܣǵά˽ڸ˵Ϊλ֮֡
ӱ򣬸˷緶һǫ֮٣ʿΪһøУסҪȰʹ˵һλڳ߽ӵ֮¶ơ˵ˣǰȥգ̸ֶ
һ룬ʵʵ˵ޱɾ֮еǰ󣬳Ҷֻࡣһ鷳˶·ν˶ԼһۡΪȻسӵ˰ڰֵʶһ˵ĪҪᣬЪϢһ·
԰գһһЦԹһϥ˴˷Ϳ๦ߣһһжȻ
Ƭ֮󣬸ͻһ£պ鲻١

һǧСƣİɫâڻšƮţضĪ⣡һبѾõķ磬䵽ߣȴֱֻĬĬ
ýˣһֳ˱ĿƲʯ绷ƶɣжߡ
ʱһӰԶѸʯ磬תһΪ֪ĵطһСĲǣ鲼ͺɽ˼
Ƭ֮ӰɹһɽȣŴҴҳһɸߵɽ
ɽȻɣԵúܿһڵĶͨӰУͨ£漴ֳ˲ԼǱģδ͵һѪ
ԼɫеĹ°ԸӰֻĲֻãȻǰĵϣѪɫʺ졣ʯөҫ£ǵĿġ
꣬Լƣҡҡͷǰɽǰ֮ȥֻĪԷǽ׷ᣬԼڣ˺ڵΪȻһʿ£ѵ治һþ𡭡
ݴĹΨ߾磬ɻʦ˵неļλΪߣ֮ǰ䣬Ժ˻
һֻǺΪнδд棬ԼʦִǾʹգ
ֹãԼĵ׷һʵźĳֻѰʦἰһԶĻԻ͡
֪ΪΣһϮʹòԼһʱԳ֣ס̧ͷʧʦ˼׿˵Զһ߳Ĵڡ
ʮ⣬һͨµĶѨްûж
ԼԹ˵˫ۣǹѪ֢سǶѨ˼һ˵ԴһһȳΪһ塭ǳƽٹ御ʦҴ棬ڵӽ֮󣬽һΪϤഫ
տɽڣӦ
ʦеԶؾȻ򣡶ɵ㣬ʢ٣ʹ˼Ϊ˹ڻԼȻ֮У˵֮ңǧ壬ʦͽһ֦ʱգԹȱ֮ء
ɣžȻ
ӸʦһֱԾӣΪΡԼĻͽ䣬ֱȻشͷʹʵˡ˿ǿᾫ˵ֻΪ䣬ߥޡѰٶδȴǰһòʿΪȴɡ
һ٣Լѹ̻ȻֵӶȻţ佻֡ȻֳɽٲȻǴ˵еԶ
ڴʱʮⶴѨͻȻһ϶ͳ̾Ϣ



1015 ǿմ
ʱ֮һâ뿪ڵĲǷԶƬֳ֮ͣ۵״Σ;ʧȥ˷
ֻɳ쳤ӵǸҪСࡣڵʮλʿУЩơʱû˹˵üƽϣһɫȻ
ǲޱɾ
ʹ˴ɾҵΨѰ·ת
ӳַгԡ
ףûð
λ԰꣡ͼ֮УѰڵⷽ򡣶߲ȥĪ⣬ҵʶޣһʱֲ࣬ȺϤ;ֻͼϵܣм̡
֮ʣӳ˵һ䣬漴תһֽһʿһͼͲڷͼ쳣һȺȺǰ
ǰ˷һɿ⣬һԱ˫ĬȻ͸۵ķһ޼ʡ֮ǰһƶƣѰӰǿ֮У跨ͼϵķӳ֣ͽ޹һ֮Ҫʹ˴ɾ֮У
ʵû뵽һ˿ǲδң
ǰһУԼʧ·;μΪ£ͬǣǰΪ׷ɱű治巽򣬺ʧȥޱɾ䡣
ԶĪǿգƺò䣬ȴҲдҵʱ
ˣҪع;һ⡣ޱɾ֮ǰʮ£ü
ʻһתɫǵĶԷ֪ɷƲƲ죬Թ˰ⲻѡ
ǲ֮ϣЪϢ󣬱㼱Ŷ̡;ңԶ벻۵ı١ڸҽΪһ𣬽Բȱı
óԼЯۣ쳤ӵв磬ȴ·֮áһ˽۵ĲڣڷǶ̣֪γϡ
ͼ֮ɽԶǿ˭˰ȻѰޱɾڵơ֮£һ뿪ǣδ˸Ĺֻۣͣ
һ޼ƿʩģʹ˾ɥһٲȥһѲɾ֮Уʹ˶գ
ǲѰٽ򣬴λȷ֮󣬻ܵϤޱȥ򡭡
һѭȥɫ⡣
˶һ𣬳ԪӸŴԡϾ⣬һʶƳһݵ϶ѳЩƣ̲סֵ¸ϵСҶǰȥ̽һֻ֣̻ת
ŵôԣںһȥǰΪ֮Ī
Ԫһæ˵ҵǿգ֮ءǰȥʧ֮壬ؽǧΨѰ٣Ųʱµڴ˵Ⱥ򡭡
ڳ˳Ԫӵ⣬Ȼȴɷ񣬷һһֻϡ
״ԪΡźһ£Բٿ
һתԶǿգɫ˼Ԫ˵ķӣԼûµɾͼ޹
˵طͬڣͻ⣬ʹһʱ֪šеӡŮӣѵԶһأͷתԣˮС²Ըȣ쳤ڽԿ󣬶ԻӿڳĴνڷ缰ļʿûſڵֻܿų¡ȴЩ಻ס£˵ԪӵԣʧΪ֮ƣҵȺͬĳѰ٣°빦ϵܡ
ˣӻǲһıӰѯһ
һת۹ӹˣ΢΢ЦЦſ˵Ѱ·ԪӵķȻСʵˡ
עĿԪӸӲʵȷѰ·Ρ
һָָͷǣǿմˣ
ӷ˰Ѻ룬εҡҡͷЦϵܻ׹
ֿǹڹŪ飿Ǻǡһ֮һЦ統걻һͷײ򣬴ʱȻЩĪĪδ֪࣬ԴҸ֮պȥһһ̽ӵʸڷϣԹᶶ䳭˫֣ŷ˵ҵȱǻǿƫƧһ磬Զ;
ɫһƲüһæʵϵܼȻߣӦ֮
ʮȫ֮ߣһʵʵ˵תֵǧ֮ڣ಻١֮⣬մ˵ȥʹķλȴޱɾԶվ޲
ϵܾ֮ܿԶ˽һ£˼ͬȴ漴Ȼڵʿʶǿ߲һǧǰģǳˡ
һ˫һʣǲΪȻǧѣԶԲ޺һʶٿɴ֮⣡ⲢԸΨһۿź
Ͼ룬˵ҵܲڴ˵ȥϵܴͽ̡
һƬ̣۹оâһ˵֮ʣҪǰޱɾҵ׷ȥѰ;
էϲæˣתէǣΪε˵ͻȻû˵ȥָǺá
ҵǼǵáһ˼˵ӦйᣬܶⷽȻءȥķǸ޼ɴ˿ɼѭȥ񣡡԰գ䲻ɵһ䣬Զʯ̨ǰ̴һ꣬תһָǰ˵ķͼ֮Уʱƶ̶ͣ£ֳһ޵Ĺֱȥǿյľͷ
Ǵеǰƴɱ֮ʣȻϹƵȻУɼ׿ȻһĻŲɣ漴ۡ

ڷɳţһʱ̻Ѱƣһǰеķ
ӵ۲Ҳªࡣ˼һ𣬱˴ߣȴû໥˼ɣýѵһźĳ档
ʯ̨ǰһյϣһǿղһԵλʿСΧܡʱʱģɵĻ
쳤ӲϣֳǸº͵һˡھһ˼ı֮˭ǴС΢ЦģһԵˮԪ˵΢΢ͷʾ͡ͼ򣬸ԱȽͼԿУ𡭡
ԪһĿ²ϵ֮ɫ࡭
봾ڷһ˽ΪģֻӶԷĿжϤһЩĳ˵ķǷȥ
Դȥ֮ŮĬࡣˮԼմӳΪԼһ֧š˽Ī֮أԵǸ˲Լһ˿ǰǿգĪɫж˼ȻοԺȴ˲ڡ
Ǵ˳ŮӽָյĻ硣ΪӻƻĽ飬һֱһΪ֪ʷٴ̤֮ʣû˵ݴֵɡħһ壬ʵ˿ź֮죬ȴ㾹Ȼ޵ʵұ֮̾ĽѰ


1016 ־
ʿ֮䣬۵ľһд裬Ѱ֮¡ٸʵף̽ǳǷ˼ɻ䡣ֻӵĻᵽһ֣ܲڳ£һڲ
һңЦЦת͸Ƭ嫶Īǿգ˼ڷɳ۲ѡ
ʲôʲô
ǵã뿪ɵʱһλǳ˵۳֮֮ܶܳȥⲢŲ磬ݷԨһ죬ܵڡƣʱ仯˵־ݺѼݣȴǵǺʿķ֮ͨУҲʾ仯֮ܡ
û뵽ǣеõһöˡ֮һ鷲Ҳ˻ʱ㣬Ŀ죿
ɣһȻֻʣһƲл꣬ȴе׺ԵһһࡣввʹԵɽ𺣣Ȼ۲ʸ־壡
ϣ򿪴ʱĲ׳ԼٶеһѪˣ岻ˣ߳־ݺ˻ĵĺȴδʧ򵽷䣬ӶĤݵ裬ʷ׳ʵķͨӰڣѵͼڵĴУһ־
һֻ˴ǰǳ֮ҡҡͷɾеĽڣǺɾޣֻ޲֮Ϊ˵ִʿʲôأ
˵֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮Ӣ
ĴڣѳԽʵΪһŶ֮ÿ˵жһ
ջҪѰԹȵĲԼΪָ˶ϡǼ㣬ȴҪһи˵ס
ӼһԼӵлĿùʱľĶǣʵֵڳĸλζһһʱ̲֮ͣסٴγŵǲԼǽ˴۽磡ȴҽҲһֵѿɷ˵һ
һжأԶŵöǺǿлջ˼ʵҴӺ˵𣿡عͷ۹ڳԪӡӵ˵ӹԷԺЦԶԣֻӲΪȻؽӻ˱һ¶
ڳĸʿֻһĽʶü򵥡˲ûжԹͬΪþ֮ˣ˴˵Ҳࡣ
֮¶»û˵һбӣֵ֮޷Ѱհˣ޴ڣֺʡ
޴ڣ֪ʲȻȴΪһ仰ͷһѵЩıУԼʲôæܣֻɽ
Σ͸ŸĪ⣻쳤ԪϢ˼ˮڶ۵ȥ򣬻ԵĶŮӡڷȼʿڿһ˵ɫע
зɽƼò׺ѪɴӾԨ֮һɳ죡ʣ˭˲ɻ֮ν־ɣΪȻ񡭡԰գһ΢΢һЦ
ȻȻҲӻȻԿЦԭô˵ȴֲ޵ãգվ־ߣ¾ɣ
ڴʱˮӺָǰµޱΣҵȻع;俴ȥ޲ɫܡǷͼľͷһ״ޡ̵һʱ֮Ѱޱɾ䣡
ǰб䡭Ƭ̣ˮٴξβʾ⣬ѿǰ
ʮ֮ǿУƮһǡһȥ;СǾȻһۣ塢ɴСβﲻӰ
֮ǰһѲŹãַ״ʹ˶ʱСȥӼһĪźãٴʧ·;ֻ˵ù
Ӳҵæٳַڷɳ֮У㡢಻ת򡣶Ȳײ·ֲۣԸĵУֻܼȥƣٻӦ䡣
Ի֮ʣһأԶŲΪһԶǸֻۣһ˿ɻѹͷ
ʮ֮Զ·̣ǿת˲֮䣬һڵǰ򽥽ٽһиΪĿ
Ǿյۣ塢ɵĲ⾡ǿӿݵĴˣȻܹһػǷ˲ʧȥ˷ɶ֮һʱ޴ӵ֪
Ƭֻ̣ʮۻͣ£漴ֺƳʮɣǰɣ쳣ӼͨްҪӶԷһԷɹȥǡڴʱ˳˵򿪲ţ
˶ڵɴ˫ۿǰΨ⣬ŵöһȴָԼڲԭ֮һ֪Ӻʱ˵һΪһֹϵȻ
£æ˲šֻ꣬һӰٿһûˣ漴ѳ۵ǰת΢΢һ٣ǿ֮Св⣬æһĿԴ
ǿ֮УһĬĬ̧۴ɫдЩɻƬ֮ǰȥƵ۵Ľǰ
һδɣһ̤뵽֮СתۼΣԴ㵣üͷ
۵Ĳڲˣֻзʯ̨Աһ뷢Ұ׵ߡ飬̬ήңԲףȻϲʧֵѡ
δ˵꣬תǶĲţʵūڡ
Ǽūʱ¶ĹУһ˫ü΢չɫⲽ˶ԷĸǰϤһУ۹ڿտҲķʯ̨֮ϣ˵ӣ㻹ū䡭
ǰԶһ֪·۵ԼıƹǱ˵ģӲһ˫ۡǵԼū֮ںŵۡ
Ȼ𻵣Ƕ̴棬֮Զһͬǿ͸е顣ȴǲµˣͷƽ˼ֻ
꣬һֻУūиӡΪ常ԼŮǻмӣ˭һвˡ
ҡһΪūѰȥ⡭⡭ʧǵشʯ̨վҡҡλεسһһ񣬴Ų˵ҵ֮󣬷֪ūʦ֡ʦֶ䲻ȥ෽ңϤһŮӸˡ˿ֵΪūѰȥ˭ϡ˭ϡʵиУﰡ԰գֻں޽ӵ̾ϢɪΡ
ӣһͷĻʱûӰǰ˼ǸΡūǨŭ֮£δǰ֪һδʧȫ
һ£óһѵҩƿӸʯ̨֮ϣ˺һºʵֳ԰꣡˵Եε˴˴˭˲һա


1017 ѷ
һӼ֮䣬ôйͬѵľūǣ˴˵ĽǱһ㣡δһԹˣǿ֮طˣзҪ˵
ӵĿе֪ЩӲù
뿪ɽŵʱͬŵʦУν˶ڶƺƵǧ䲻ǴһŮˡ
ɽɽˮˮɽϤȴû˼šʦֵܣҲΪ˳ûжӵķظ飬ǼصĲ¼ɡ
Īֻ̬̾˷ǣ
һв룬ӵĳ֮Ľį֮£ֻг˵׮ѵ飬ԼԼĴ㣬Ұ˸Īָ
һǷĥǳ˾ϡֻչΪ̷Ѱǡʦֿʦֶʾãû룬㽫ūиǶϲʦͽ
ʮأ˺Ϊȴڶɰٳ֮󣬱ͷһͰˮʦ֡ʦֶūʮ겻תɽŶԴ޶ԡҪ֪;ѰĪ˵ֻĵӰˣ
˿Բʦ֡ʦֶ䣬ԼȴܲŮū
Ӽæ̤Ѱ˵ԶУڶ෽ѯ֮
пشʿϡǵãһòūŮӣȥ˽ڵķ򡣶ԷӦӣʲôģ⣬ֻ̫òŽ˹Ŀ
Ϥַ֮˺ͿŮūˣΪβңԶĽڣʦʦֶˣһֵ˵ԽڣѲɡ
Ϊˣɻ󲻽ȴ޼ƿʩ俴̫ңԶҪѰū䣬Ψպƽϡ
Ĵҷ֮ʱʷ˻һ򡣲ڵܵ꼰䱾˶ʱΪʸ֮ġ
һʿڴĪаȻعǧ꣬׷գһϸܲΪ֮ءһ죬Ӧ¡ȵȡ
ͻȻ޶ѣӰٿĪ磬ֻýԳʾסʦų䲢֮٣Ÿ̧֡ǲȻλ
طɽŵ³ʹ˼ʹĻ䡣뿪죬ΪΨһͷ
ֹʮ꣬ʦųǰޱɾ֮ʱǵֿ֮⣬Ԧһµ۶ԶݡҪǰѰū֮ȥط꣬˭;һޡ
˴ƣ̷˵ҩ֮Իһָǰһķʯ̨Ц򣬷Ŷһ١ǻԲģҵǬ估еɾ
һϵһ֪ǰˡ޺ٶ˸Ͼɱ˵жšԭΪǻӲӦ䱳ԹйءǸȻһЦ԰ο޷Ȩǲȥ˰
ЪϢƬ֮ɫת˵ˣֻԶȥˣֵٽҲˡֺʵֵԺηȥδĲū
һ㽫һ׷ɱʦͽūżԼǰޱɾĴ˵˳
֪ϤǰһУס־ŭæ⡣ѼʶһǿȴΪԷлѡūôһʦֻԼˣ˴һɫã޺޴˼ڴһΪʦ֣Ǹ
һ˵һǬݸӣתڵΡأֻ²ԶС
ӹ˲ǫãֽǬ˹ǧɾԼҩ۵֮лִżο̾ūѾͷȻһ֮󰡣֪£ɣ
֪䣬ѹȥ˴ʱһԸʹ˵ȥʵֳȥδӣ
һҪŸ·²ɵʱæȻū䣬ҾѰǡ
һ˾ϣ˵˵ͷǰǧ֮ãҪҵǸطӦòѡ£˵㲻ѰӳȥšҿΪָ·ѷ
ЦЦɺģδһ֮صлֵܵһʢ飡Զ볾ĺ壬һ˵İڣ˴η򣬿νǰľ졣֮ϲ⣬ѪҰʲôأ
ҽգ跨ۣ֮ƽϣֵܹһ֪һͬȺ˽һ䣬ʲôתʵҪǰޱɾ
һĬĬӣٴε˵ͷǰλȥǸִʿЩĲͬϲ֮һ˲ܿҵĴڡ
ǧǰͬʦصһöͼлǵá˵ţһǬѰһöհ׵ԼƬ̣ʾޱɾĸͼ䲻ãʤްɣ
һЩ⣬漴Ȼǰ֮ˣ;Ѳűȷɾ֮Сɼޱһ֪յǱԼ
ӵݹ򣬺ѵݴʹ˺ԲΪԵδɾ֮վ޹ûԸֵܴв飡俴ɵ죬в֮Сһһǧꡢźã
һӹδϸڷԸԴƬ̡ת˲ʮһ֮С
һмһæӭ
һ˵еʾĳɾͼλֻ뻻ȡһõۼɾɡ
ʿ㷵Ⱥ򣬺Ŵԣƴ棬һ
²⣬Ӧ֮еȣ⣬ΣұӦ֮壡λܼһͷóһװɾǬ䣬˼״֮׷׽ҡд˻ֵѼ飬ܵõɾͼֶΪأ
һǸˣһӣɾؾʮǬ䡣ڳ޴⣬Ǵڷ缰ԪӵⶼһһЦɡۣʶԶһƳδͣ٣ת˲ӵǰþ
ɾΪڶķҩõۡ
û뵽һ˵ȫӿʯ̨ϵʮǬ䣬һʱ彻ӣЩǰȥǣҪлȴһִ̧ϵֳ뿪˵أ֦ڣһ𣬺ڡ
һɫɣĪǵͷӦʡ
һݷ˵תۣȴδȥǻʾӴӿ̡żֽԶԼɼǹ⽥ٽ


1018 ￴
һǹҴԶȥǹһ
һŽµۣǹѱƽ֮⡣δһƮ
ܵٿȻһ䡣
һѵ˽һ˵۽ԣȴòͣת˫ü΢ɫȻ
Զûмǰһۣʮɶ೤ŷĹ⻪תϢľơ
ͻһУǽڴˣ
ʮԶסƣͻȻɳһӰת˲֮ѽһڵⷽǿոΧһȺʿн֮࣬޲źԲϵΪɫơ
֮ڵĽһУѿĶ֮£뼸ʿٲңæ̱˳
ǽٸʿΧ˸ʮСȦӡǿ֮ǿգϢͣ
Ī֮䣬ܱȥ·ϾһУȻޡ
ϵܣ˭ΪӴһĽǰĴʵˮӡӡԪӡ쳤ӽԲţԲֻĹˡڷ硢Ůȼʿɴֻһʱ֮
ŵöһƳһۡλͬңʵģеҡҡͷδصá
⻰͸ΣӸ̾һ·ϣǲͣ
һתܿȥɫ䣬ȴǰͷֹǲֱͣǽʴӡ˵ڽⴳһʱգΪһʶշ֪ǲ￴ˣ
ڶĸ֡ˡֺ֪ؾһͬʱ֣סһΧܵĽʿòɫ죬ȴһɵĸ֡쾳ǰʮߡλ
ڴʱЦǺǣһΪһˡ
һӵ̧Զ
ʮʿȻƽǧ֮⣬ͣ²ɢΪߣһòӣЦ˵Ȳؾţʵ䣬˾ҵйϣ
Գ˾ҵӣʮġģȴڵΪͷеȣ۹룬üĿʣɫȴִżѵ⡣ԵʮλʿΪ˳ڵľ硣
һôǰһнԲӦǳӡԪӼ쳤ӵˣҲԵãȻ޴롣
˾գѵԷԽ򡭡
һǸӣͬ˼⻹ͷؼԼһӣ˴˵ΪȴͬնԷ򣬻оյȥһ鷳
ֻǿ󣬽ڵСȻȶֺαΪԷƱأ
һؿң˫۹ڶԼ˫һʣҡҡͷתٲ̤ǰ̧Ǹ˾ҵ˵һҽλͬλǰѡ˵ţͣ£ǿ˹ȥӵ˲ҵԸңңּ
һƴСڰлԶƷɵǸ˵ǰԷ֮ӹȥ۹һƳ׻ҡͷЦԶԶ˴ΣһΪңȴ뾹ҪɾĽСǺǡ
ѹ˾ҵһڣȻǽڵʿˡǳ׼лᡣһ˽ƣɿȴԷʵʲΪȥ˭ˣ
һ˼شһλĵ;˴ΪˣȻһҵΪ˶Ƭ̣ǡλǰЯڸݼ䣬˳ʵλǰˡ
ܱȵڻɢȴû˳Ӧ
һ۹һƲƲǡ
Ǹ˾ҵȻԲм΢ЦﳤȥͷҲصԶԶһ仰Ȼǰڽڲźãֺαش֡˾ռҵڵӣ̣
һԸ֮䣬ʿظԵۣ漴âֱԶ
ö룬Ӧĸǰޱɾʱ;˴һ龪ӵǷҲѡ
ſˡ
кãȻڽӡ
ǰ֮緶ұֹ
Щǽĸвֵ֮ȡ
Ʋڣɴ˿ɼһߡұǿ
ֻ˾ռҵˣ˾Уû¶桭

λʿڸп˼֮󣬸תۡҪŸ·ɾ֮йغΨһĵ;׷
ϵܣѾãҵҲöˡ
һȻԶȥǣйâӵкͬ˻ص֮Уˮ
ݴǰ֪֮ǿȻǽһڵ޼ң಻λĸֶѣɽһУ˲ɵõһ
һ˾ռңŽʮλ֣ųԪӵ˵˾иû¶棬˵ƺƴʣ޼ҡ׼ңĽ֮
ɲ⣬֮ǿ޴
ۼǰУһУأ¡

ʮչǿվͷһ״ƽࡣԶԶţҹɫһƬϼĹ֮УָŹķƼʧߵһĨ̻𣬸˲˼ڴ
֮УһĿģڵȴһö
öΪޱɾĸͼ˽ͼӡһֻ֮صһߡһڵĴ۲ƣ
ͼ֮νԣǸŶ֮֮ûӦе꾡ϸ¡֣ôһĨڵľȣһޱɾһԵ֪
ޱɾһ졢Լвͬһɽһˮ֮أǿһƬǳ
˵ޱɾֻһʯͷˣСʤɢһǿ֮УѭżеĹ켣ǰɱš֪׷ѰһѲڵΣڼδ̣
һƬǳضɾڡÿǧдҴһأӰʾĴԻͣΪ֮Ϊ֮ԭﲻسɵĴԵд˵Ѿõɵ۴С
ޱɾǧķԲȴĪءƬµʯصĽֹ֮һɳ۵ջأʿֱ֮Ϊ̨ǵޱ
ݴֻ̨ʿسɣǵأҵһ֮أޱΪɵ۵ľ
µͼУйޱɾĸΪֹͼԲȦŤŤļּʲݲһС̨кܴԽǵأԼޱڵȵȣ޴֪


1019 
ڷɳۣʱš
ȦлɵĿռڣţǺ˯ģȴϤĺԴϻشԹȵĲԼ֮ʼԹﲢ
ŨԪܵľʯӿԪ֮塣Դ˻ȻֻŵֱŲ£ƺһʡŨϣϵɫ͸Īľ⡣
£ܽ˲ףȻҪͷȥҪٴȥʹصķ档Ȼ֪Լһ·ϡ
ȻŲѡˣһбѼȶ޴ӻرܣ
Ӳη壬ֻڵȴһʱ
ֵ˵ֻҪûĥ´󼪡ȦһɾĹӹó⡭
ħ֮УǧЩʿȻմ˿¡
ʱ˿̣ͻȻЩڴǿĪĽվľ֧
뿪Ѱ࣬պ󣬱׷ޱɾʱؽ˻۶ζ䣬ҵȻСģ֦ڰֵѡ
һջطҵ˼Իζ˵ĸ֣Ҷï꣬Ӿ˫ۡǰǿ֮Уһˡʰ쵵ĵþһ㡭
ֵ⡭ɷͽ̡Ǻǣ
ʿӵ֮ڣûЪϢ˼ޱɾ˴˼໥ֽһԤԷݡ̸ŨĲӣӣ˸ĳԪӡʱݵƤϴεЦݣٲȻദŲԶһʾ⡣
һԪӣ΢㵣˵֮ʣ˵ࡣԪӵ˵һҵϴ԰գ쵭һЦԼ˽ԹȴҲӲڳݡﳤ˷ֺαظɵɵνĳԹˣ˪Ȼأ
ԪӼһͣΪ֮ͻɫŴֻ࣬صбߣ޷ڸȡˣ̸ֺЩ𽵹󡭡ǸȻЦ£ֵֵѲǰӣԵ֪޲ԡ
˶һɣ̡ء֮⣬伫ԪӿӺһ⣬ӼӲûʲôȴԵֶβͬ³졣֮䣬ֻأ
ݴ׼ҵĿ׷ӣҵɺڵΪ컪ҵĻȨӣƽҵƽӣ˾У׼ҵӣԼ޵ӣΪɾĸˡԪӵ޼Ҳ˴Ҳûʲôˡʧȥ֮󣬲ἰ䡣ת꣬Ȼͽ޹ȴӵ;˵лϤٴš˵졢֮УӵΪǿɵԲ
ڸӵĹƻߥ֮£ԪӶԸһνԹҸţͬľ٩٩ֵ׼޼հǰ߼ܣ߽ж֮ơʶв֮˵ҵǰޱĪκһ
ԪԣһжšԷϾרڴ˵ʹ߲ջʱʵڽ꣬˵򣿡˵֮ʣ۹ӹԶʦͽ
ڷ統ֻѰˣΪ޲ڱԽ֪١һ⣬ʦӶ˼ҡҡͷҵʿ˵·
Ԫһǰһɿ⣬ӣ˺һųŴʵֵἰľͷ˵£˵ķһ䴫ԣΪ죬ɡɴ˻ɲ²⣬֮
һĬĬ˵ͷ죬ɣָĲǾ𣿸ĵӦöԴ֪ȴԵɣֻһǶǵĻʱ򣬴ڣ
ǼԪ˵ͷͷǵˮӳûʵڽ߶꣬ѰҵΪڡڳ˱仰ﴥĽᣬ׷עĿԴһ
ԽڻδֹһˡһЩԲĸ֣ղòľԪȴԵɣһֱû˵ҲΪ˽ڶʿĨȥһĲ޷ͻһʹѵһΣ
ԪԭǱΪ飬һȴ⡣ٴڵͬߵһǰ۵·𣬺һֻع鵽;俴ܵˣݵ͸ż־ɣһʵλ˵ޱɾӦòİ
ַ룬Ӧҵĵɾ֮С
쳤Ӹ͵ء
ˮͬ˵˶γС
ûһԵŮ̾Ҽҳ֮ˮԶУ
ˮ£ӸĬĬ˵ͷ
һΪǿһͷȴꡣʶڳСв磬۴˴εɾ֮СʾԪӼ˵ȥԷֵڳĵѣٹޱɾ̨
ˮӼԪӵͷǣ쳤˵Ψе̨̤ޱɾ
ǰޱɾû˲̨֪ԪӺ£һηʵҽʿ˭Խ̨ǰһ
ûУӵĳü΢΢ʶĹâһӻҵÿһεɾ֮У̨ǰ޹աΪʱ˲ãѲԵɡһ˵˶ʱϢ
ԪӲδΪ˽󣬶Ǹпӣһתֵҵ;һɷһŵӵĴꡣ˵ֻڵԲɽޱֱ̨ϴɳضɣʦųһнȻ
ϴɳء
̨ı󣬻صڡ
üٽ赤ҩֻ֮ϴɳڴһɳɡ
ͻΪȻ˵ļ򵥡
󣬺Ǻǡ
ͻȻЦ˶֮һֻĿɬУ͸ŲĳΣ̾һԶµϴɳأ㽫ҵꡣĸǣడ
ԪԭҪӷ˭Էȫ޳Ĳۡ˴ѷֵҿԵԵˣһ׮֮󣬲δɶ٣ǶӵĻͬܣ֮ɫһвʵ˵֪ˣأ̨ǰ٣Իذг֣ҵֻ
٣˴δһ΢΢һ㵡


1020 ޳û
գǱˮ򡣷֮콵̷ν٣
欣ȴĺٲµ㡣ߣվһ٣
˵ˣܵÿ˶ҪˤӣһʿѰضܣֻеŰˣŵùȥԿͷٷң򣬱źƺûڳ֮С
˵һֳɳĴۣʱȥĤͻͣĻηڣ
˵ٶ;бزٵһ֣ǰ㲻ҲӲѡ
һȴ֪ΪٸвͬԪӤ顢壬ֱɹһšššľ١ľҪԸΪҵšš߾š˾١
ħԲȴһֱûϲ¥סǵȴе٣ҲʼղԴˣһй²⡣Ǳ𾳽ۣŽڶĪ¡˭ӳԪӵĿϤɾޱɾ֮С
ԪԵޱɾ̨ǰһٴֻ˾µʿٽ̼ή׻ͶҲɵֻ±ٻҪǿһڵʿû˭ǰԽһʱ֪ɲ֮ȴ֮ңԶ
һȻڳ̾ҡҡͷԪʵ̨˿أǰ˵Ļ֣޷Խ١
ԪȻ۹ʧִⱳѣ޷˵ЯһɡԼֺγ˼һпڣֻ»Ǹı䲻ʲô
һʻԪǿҪʱӻ̨н˿ء̫ͣв³ʶҵÿÿǰԶֻñֹ
Ԫӳû˵ӵûǰ˵Ļ֣ҪԽٵִϴɳأǧѡ
쳤ӡˮӼӽԵͷ͡
ʿڳ֮࣬Щʧ䡣Ȼ̨뼺޹أǰȻˡǸ˵д֡
ڵԳƣһȴһ֣˵ûȥ·ңֺαԹأֲĲԶǸӡ䲻ΪȻԷ֣ѵҵȲδǵԽϵܲɴ⡭
ɵˣΪǼ֮һ˵ڳĸλΪȻ
һ΢΢һЦ˵̨ΪԶУ֮Ӧò˶졣ҵ䱧Թ˵б𡢻ϲ⣬˹׻֮ܶתܣüĿɫһţȻֵˣ󼺣
ͷһʵϵֶ֮Σжɽ֮Ļʱɫһ񣬺͸һ˿ŵˣͬеλǱѰ
ˮ۷Ź⣬гֵѻɳΪҽɵһˣЯһԵӸЦͣЯһЯһ
쳤û˵ʧʱع˹֣ɫڴ
ֵ֣ݵƤȴǴſ϶ɫ鲻Խص˵ͷ
һңֻԶԡ˱΢ˣܣ˳ӭϻһʱĹЩһ֣ͬڽ֮ʧȥ˱ɫҪźҪҲհǰ˺ػز
עĿԴһһʣԸɴ˵ҶٵģֺӦ֮˶ϼ׽٣ֻҪ£ֻǰ
ԣʿʱȻеοЦ˵ļ򵥣ס֮áλϵܵĻԵǳĿԴ
顪
ǡڴʱһǰɳеΪ֮һ£ڵɫһӻȻվ𣬷෨ǰһ
˲䣬۵ȥƽ
һ˿ȥԸ⡣ŵĶΪײһʯ¡һ֮УʮϰٿСȵʯͷƯţ谭˴ȥг̡ǰҪСĶܡȻֻ۳ܲסײ
⣬ޱƺƱģȴܸظܵĴڡâҷŵ⣬ٵýˡ
ϵܣ׷
ԱƵ֮ڣӶ෨Ǽһ𣬸ܵΡз֣һʾ⡣仰δ䣬ֵʯɽһʱñá
ͬʱ͵һΣǿķ֮ȻϮƵֻʩһһסΡת֮ʣֻǰԶһǧɴСľʯͻأղƽ
ڴ˿̣Ӱ۵һԷԽȥѸǿʯ֮ϡ
ӵĴüʱֹסȥƣǾʯӰѵֽʮ⡣̼䣬εƴǰʹøʿȻɫ䲢ǳ׼ǰǻɵˣͻ״Σཫ֮Ī⡭
֮ʣһйжʮλ顢ʿ;ˣȥĸӣʮġʱʮ˵۹һ
Ŀ֮£һվԽǰʯϵļӰ˫ü͸ЩĪĺ⡣꣬һƲֶ˼ûκΡһ;䣬ԼòͦԴˣڳĸʿϰΪȻ
һתӲʾ⣬Ѵ۵Ĳţ˵ȥ
ˮӸŶһҲޱ׳֮⡣
쳤Ԫӽ³ɣǽѵģ
һһһɫ졭
ˣĳв⣬λи·˴ٽޱɾѣ
һһ䣬ѶԳۡʧʹãǿλˣдǰһλҡ

ǿ֮УԶƯŴССʯҴ״죬էһͷͷҰްبʵ˱ѵǳڴ˼䡣
ǰ޳û͵֮ңǽһλ
һ뿪֮󣬾ĿתǰԶһĨƣڻһŭŵ̻ҷŵһʵĹâڰյľͷȼա次ǹλõĻ֮УһʯӰͻأɷ羰
Ǻǣ㻹ĸ˹һõȡ
һѭȥһƲɫ͡
ʮǿʯ֮ϣվӰƲİߣˣǴǰǸӲˣȡ֮λͬ顣
µˣֱΪ׳һλ뷢Ұ׵ߡһ۹һɨһƺ׳һԷζŴ׳ɢź˵ɱЦ
һɫв⣬۹ȴ΢΢һ


1021 
ǰסȥ·֮Уλİ
ʱ֮ٴð˳֮⣬һλʥ
꣬һǱλƵò·ӡһﲻϵ˵ԩ·խ˵ǶԷб
ĶȻ϶һĵö룬ǶξĶԹȥң
·Ƿⲻ˵ĹĿİʲôֻһоֹ쳣ܲΪ֮ͷɡ
ʥԻһµۣȥէһٲȻʿһſУֻе߲ʿ׳ͬεˡ
⣬ʥѲ²⵽ԼĵȴδǰǰȲתԡǿˣһʿ˭ˡ
һأ˼֮ʣԶ˳˵żҪȴһ׮ԹʲڴѰٵȺ˼ա
ǿ֮Узļӳ֣ܿ˵˾ѰĴм¡һѭȥԷΨһʿ뷢Ұ׵Լ˵Ϸ˵ĻӣصǷǷǡСร
ӣΪߣȻλԵ컪ҵʿ˵òƹʣƲԼҵĸϵʵΪڵĽ年һ
һǸӣתһԵļʥֵλ£Īִ磡򣬹غ֮м̡˵ţȻһҪ⡣
˵ı΢ҵĴڣν³м̣˴һ˻ӵ֮⡣ʥλͬ飬Ϊֻ֣תۼ˽һСˣֻ²ö⽻ʶʵ˵
ԩͷծͻѷģۼҶġ
һЦͻȻ𣬽ʥѴͷ̤ն˽еļЦһ˵زʯ֪ĶݷǷá
˴˫ʮǴ֮ʥ̧֮ʣѵǧ֮⡣ɱ֮ڱʹһն籩һΪΨ˸һ޵İɫâܣںڵķӳ֮£ǿжԿλǿ
Ĺһ£һġķΪ֮Ϊãջ֮£ٽĸԵΪʱգ˻Ȼһ壬ƴϢһ㲻ɻȱתѭϢܸշģ䲻λǿ󣬿һʱҲ޷
һͷһƳԶʯ֮䣬ۺܲۡӲδȥȻڵȴת˾ֻ²ԸˡָΡ
һתǰǧ֮ɢĦȭƵĶּơ̧ḧüģ۹â꣬䳭ӣֻļһ˦°ͣ䳰ˣΪʯܵסҵȥ·һԣΡ
㡭ЦһΪεؿҡǵĻ˵Ա粵֪СֶιҶݷ棬ѡ˵һɶԷĻǺ⣿ѵⷬ๤ְ׷˼
룬ǿŭת߳δֱҪ㵨ڣ
ߣһ֮λ˭˵ǵڣ˵ǴԲѣϻرӡһ༥ȻƲ̣˵λ֮еǸּüð
Ҷ̣֪ｻռˣꡱ֮ԲٳΨɱ⽥ʢȴʮĽʥʾ⡣
ʥȻڳһЦţƵĻϴĪ顣ڶŵڵȴǿԵĿ⣬˵ֻҵӣʲôҵȫ޸ϵֻΪ˽˽˶Թ
Ĵоǰϼޱɾʱգʲô
䣬ʥ̧˫֡䶯׳ǰ۽ɱһ
ʱǿʯ֮ϣĻĬĬšλּҪȥԸһСɻȴ޶ԣأַɫĪ
ִУ̶̼仰Ĺ򣬶˱Ѵǧһ׿˼һ漴˫üбһѪɫϳĹâ
䡢䡪
ǡڴʱͻȻԶ
ͻĶʹõ˫һ˲жæѭȥ˲䣬һ㵲ѡ
һֺ󷽵ʮ֮⣬·ĴʯھлСĹâм֮УȻǿӰΪ׵һλߣׯϣŭĿԲȴƢģе·Ĳʯ֮һ磬ҡ
״һסݡʯѰȴǧȽʯ֮ᡣԼ˵뽫ѡֻ֮䣬ѽǧе谭ɨһաǸźεǿΪ
һɾ֮ٻᡭ
žŵĺһȻתסڱصõĽʥȴڴʱͷԶ˲ҵ׷ȥżĶӵǱ
䡪
ЩϤĺٴδȻ˽һǿ򶨿ȥ̲סһͷԼĪӰδͣٿȻȥþĿϾӣ
ӦֻһѰĸ·֮ȻԶԶۡ
ӰʧһأĿľɡ
Ȼǰ󲻹ת֮䣬һǿ˷ŵĴΡˣǽѰ
һƾԼʶߵǳ˿Ƽ˵ֶΣΪƽ⣬һ˲䣬ͶҴҵһƳ
ͬеˣȴԼߡƲӣֻһĸߴ׳һ̬Լ¡ΪĲԼҪǿһأӦý֮䡣
ɴ˿֪ߵΪؽӵǿɲ⡭
ǽһҸˣ֮ʣʹλԼĻӶٳ˾֮㣬ʶĻη֮ʣȻľ£
԰ǵóԪ˵߼֮УΪ߲ɵĺڡ˵ֻԱ𴦣
ϡ·ߺеһȡֻһţһ͡
߾˭
ϵܣǷŸ·
һ֮ʣʱƮ۷ɵ˽ǰѯһ֮Ϊе˼飬ס̾ŵΣǽ˾Ķǣ
һƻع΢΢ʾ⣬תޱɾķ£͵⡭


1022 ȥ
һ¹ȥǰ̻Ѥõķɺˡȡ֮ģǸĲʯеķ϶֮䣬һȻִŵǰ
ʱܵһвͬ鲼յĴСʯǰǰ㾲ڳһ򻺻šƷšһبѾõ׷ֻΪڻļѰһûоͷ;
д˼䣬һƬ֮У˹һιķ桭
ٴԽһʯͻȻһεһĹâ̶Ť£ǰΪ֮Ȼһ䡣
һ޼ʵİ֮Уû˲ʯֻԶƯŵһʯͤ¥󡢼Ƭܣҵƴȼ̮ķṬ䲻ֹͬʱһ㣬ԳڱһɲԸת
֪Уͣ
֮ڣһӵȼʿһ޶飬Դſǰ׷Ѱ˽˸£ֻѴ˽ȴһͷ뵽һ֮С⣬ǴѾõޱɾ
ҵҪȥ̨ڰ֮⡣۲Ϊãնȥ
ӼλʿԴ˴İкһ۵Ĳ֮ʾ޹ʶһСջϵܣ롭
˸ԴԭվһûϲЦִĿĵܡϸһԼʢᣬ˸еįеʱζŴʧԲ֮֮ʶһΪ粻桭
һȻŲĬĬĿǰ˼
һһʼĿܿţȡֻΪһ˺úõһ롣
һСʿڻԵ̤֮;ƫԶĴ̣߹ġݣ򡣻֮߰һĺΪأɣҲᡣɵңȻڡرĳڣκǷۣˣ
ľ˲ʤ䷳ǶĪĽ˾⣿ǶԶթķ룬ֻңɼɵͽãȻ
䣬Ȼڱӿĳ֮СļԻرܡ沨ȴ޴Ҫͦͷ
򵥣·ܼѣ
ָأΪɽ𣬹һ񡣼Ȼô궼߹ˣܾʹֹǰ
˵ǧ򣬲ʡԼȴԼһие˼ĪĿֻšɵ۵Ĵ䣬¾ʹԶʧȥ
ϵܡ
ӵĻٴһٿȻջ˼֮ʣ̧üġ΢㵵Ĳӡǣʶ֮еߡ
ıһֱʶʵʵ˽ꡣɫƵߣӨ͸Ϊߣ߽͸˵ϵƣĪ⡣ͣٵһ̣ٻͻȻâһʢ̶໥˴˼ɢԹ죬͸һĪáͬʱе̫֮ңңӦ
Ե죬ɰϵĪҪ黳
ֻ̳ۣӻڵһԷɫҾֹɣסĵȰοһ䡣
һ£̧һڣ˼ҷ£תһЦ˵ԵˣǷңָյУİ͵ȥ⡣ûʧ˷ִ硭
˵䣬һǰһɳۡǰյľͷԼɼһէй

һɽһյɽɽɽ´Լ·ɽûڰãã֮жѼߡ¶ɵģһƬ﷽Բɽ¡ɽʯɫӣͺͺĴݲᣬֻճˮԪܵݡ
ɽµĵ룬һɸߡǧɿľ޴ƷϵҶУʮɳ̵̨֡ۻ룬ԶԶ֮ɣպηȴ
һƬɽ£ȴ޴Ʒһ룬ٲȻбҽƷڲвȴ˽ȵǡ
ʱƷǰʮɽϣѾۼλʿԳȺ
ٽƷһ࣬һλòѰ˼˾ʿԷǲŽϵ˴ʥһС
ɲҵ޼ҿɹ֮ʥԴЦݣҲʿͣһٲȻǫѷ֪ĺģ
ĻΪȨӡһ³ܣ뷢߰ףɫλɳڵĸˡԽʥĹάƵϲ޼Ц⣬ֻԷܵغѵһ˵ⲻ˼λѵڴ˵Ⱥ֮ʣЪϢһ买֣ȫתһϥû˵¡
Դˣʥ벻⣬ظԵǰǸӭŶԷڲԶЪϢ
ȨԶ˶ٲȻ붨У۹
еӻһҲкһʮλ쾳ĸ֡ңǶв硭
Ȩӵ۹Զ
֮⣬ԼҵİʮλʿַԶǻĿ׷µʮӣȥΪõʮˡİˡİˡġ޵ġ
Ȩӵ۹ʱɵðӣһٶλԲĵӣ˽ʮλ˾ĸ֡ΪţһоȻٶˣеˣʮ
ĸҶز¶ؼ֮ʱһȲֳĿӵ޼ңʱǿӷƶԼĻʲô
ڸҵ߰˰֮⣬һЩ˸ϵޱɾ̨ǰתǧȥΣ˿͸ˡ
û֪ȨӲ޵Եã˼ʥϾˣǶȺж
ڰƷǰһɽϣ׼ҵ˶һߵءгüòģ׼ҵļӡһλµ۵ߣΪеĳ׷ӡ
ûգȺ֣̬ϵӱƷɽԶһַŨ룬ϴżζЦ⡣
һԵ׷ȻڴŸڵȺɫأа
ɵĹһЦ˵
׷룬صĻ˹ᣬʵ⡣һߡ£˵޼֮ջ΢һȴϡӹȻǧ䰵д˲ٵĸ֣˷ݼӢ־ڱصá
ӵ˵ͷƶ׷˵Ȼء
׷ӽ˵ÿصɾݲĸ֡˴ߵ䲻̫࣬ȴΪɲ⡭˴룬ȻЩɲֵߣҴδѲɡǰҪɵ۵ĴУˣַǷ
ɫɣ۹оâ΢΢


1023 Ƿ
׼ҵȺУһΪĿûȥעܵĶ֪еλǰ˵ЩʲôڶԴԶһ޴ʯƷ
һɫĹâӸ߲֪֮ϻк£̨ڵƬɽڣʹʯƷҫ۷ǷǷڣ׿ɼȴңʡʮĪ֮ԶԶʹֶ̿סҪĤݣ
ĬȻƬ̣˿ڳĻ֣Լŵ̨̤ɵеľηٴȻɲһ˿һ֮⡣
͸Ʒǰʲǫ̂δ򿪣ޱɾдӻʱ˰ɣ
찵ҡҡͷԶջ۹⣬תɫ͸һ˿ҡԼѵö鰡ԸСӲҪٸϹˡȻ̨ǰһԣ
⣬޼һز¶ΪĴֻأ׼з

ġ֮һɽϣ޼ҵٶɵ־һһ۰׷ϸˣ˪ЩȺӡ䶢ǰ۹͸һ˿Թޡ
ӰӣΪ޼ҿغɽȴȻıһ֪лת֮ʣǷ֮ʱߡ
֮⣬λȺۣ뷢Ұףü´ɫׯ϶ЦһλӵװԷֻ࣬ģԵòࡣ
ĻңҲᡣõĿ׼ңΪǡƽ˾գǲʼįʮλ˸֣Ϊڡ䰵зȴǱ޼ռȻӴ˵ɣȴ͸żֵǡ޼䰵һӣĶ
ѭȥȴϤ۹ݺݴǲ޺˭һխûʶŮӡüһ˸δɫгصıˣ죡
죿ʥŮɵ۴еˡӿӣɫΪ⡣ҵһһ޲ھļ֮¡ޱɾ֮ɾֻ̫ͣһԸˡ
۹б⣬ֳԽΪȴʼղ߲¥ǷȱĲǾĸ򣬻һ֮ĵؽȡ
ʥŮ֮ǿɵ۵Ĵ𡭡Ƭ̣Ӻһ䡣ˣӲ¹ɵ۵Ĵа˭᲻⡭
ַ룬̧ۿԶʲ⣬ֵݴɵǶڵΪȴøɢ³֪ǿߴڡ䴫жҵ˵ν󡣶ĸ˵δ˰
ӻȻÿɾ֮ʣӲʦ֮١ԡͻ΢Цֵҵȴпͼ
ʵȻεҡҡͷʥŮһֱɵ۵ĴлĪ򵥣תʾ˵棬뾲䣡̨ǰǶ˼λİסзδ֪
תף漴ָſԶ޼ҵȺУλĳ֮⣬ʮλڵ˵ӻһȦɭȻɴȥһʮ⣬֮ˡ

̨ǰƬɽ֮ϣ߼ʿһͬʱڵȴɾĿ
ν֮ˣλȺ˴Զ˫ӦûʶȴΪɲӡǽڴˣҲûԸȥ鷳
ýһΪɵģеλߡľܰرĿλȻһɫĵأ޾İգʮ⣬һһŮڴ˵
ʦ㣬Ƿ񿴳ߵΪ
ѯʵǸغӣŨڵĶ룬һֲǸѰũֻйâ絶Ȼǵ֮
ʦŮӣȹͬΪũװ硣䲻ʩ죬ģȴҪ࣬òɣвȡԶӦλɾڵǰ
˵ͷӦʦ۹ⲻ
ָ̧鶯ķңϸطʵĪڿУʦ𡭡
ΪæԶջ۹⣬һЦֱַǺǣû뵽ڴ˴ǰɻ󡣿ʦĻеҵóżʶһ
ʦ̾꣬һʱ֪Ѵ˶ٷƱáἰԼҵʦȻ˵ǰ˼һнҶ࿴ԣմǷǡй¶٣
ͷӦеСʡã⣬Ī˵ʦ𣬼ʦĲңʵΪʦӽס¶ǳЦͷУ߶˴˶֮ˣ½޴
˵Ϊɵĺڣвһͷô಻ʶͬˣ̲סȽһת̨һ˵߼֮Уλĸ֣ȴأ֪Ǻ⡭
ɴʦеϸģԸĪ˳̣ɾĿ
˼ܵʦ㼫ΪŷȴһʱѸļҺӣ̲סʵɾߣǺηˣ
ҡҡͷй飬ʦ಻ˡ˼Ҷǰ⡭
εʼͷȴδֿͣ˵ףһȺ˲Сʾ⣬һͬ׿ȥ
ԶʮĵӰҴҶ
Ϊ׵ǸŻ۵ˣ˩һϽ«˫ְͷͦأ΢΢һģǸ֪ǳСʮˣϵϡССк߹룬µĽΪ飬˴ĸֱʵЩ

Զ̨ǰ⡣ʿԴ˲ΪȻֻļڰйע˼졣
컪ҵȺ֮Уʥ˸ɫ˴ᣬΪ֮ϲѡ
׼һѴԭվ𡣶˵ԶǸȻӰҲϤĸεҡҡͷ׿Լҵλת֮ʣ۹ӹһԣаڻŻرܡ
׷۹Զ¶һĨ׽Ц⣬һԵ˵Ȼ֮ˣ
ӸһЦɫ

ڵɽϣӵϺԶŵ˵СӻˣˣΪоôĵӡ
ɫ糣۹΢΢⻹״μǸ˵Ӱȴڤڤ֮еȴáƬ̣ζ˵СǷõһαʱˣ
ԣɫһתʥͲΪ˵
ʲô˵Ա˫ۣʶţһɻıˣ죡
˼֮ʣ޼ҵһȺʿں޺ĳСӣĲ
ڴ˿̣һʮ˽ٽ̨


1024 ޱɾ
һ֮£ڵĸɽضĪ⣬ҫ۶ĿʯƷԼɽΪڶɵˣȵȵһ޲ʾţ̨ˡ
ԽһξŵİգĪϵӭ̶ʮһһΣ̧۹һɽ£ǰڡ
һλʮ⣬ʾ£Ϊ֮
׼ҵһλϣڵˡһԸ֮Ƥ̧һ£תﳤȥ
֮Уʮأ䣬һһɫضĪӡԪӵȼڵĸ֣ǶһǸԶĻɫӰ
һ˫ֿǰŨüбǹ˴һɲǣǿʶ޼ɵغɨ˽סͷƤȻемλˣȴһǾԹǳҡԼһֱҪǸˣδ
˰˸²и׷ѰۣǸϵޱɾһУǿ磬ꡭ
һԶƷͶһƳһתӵ˵ĳէλָ㣡
ᣬʾҵѰЪ֮أϵܣλѣ֮֮ɡк£һ˼ǰѰ޼һĶʮԶŴӰ£ЪϢ
Խʮˣһ¡ɽµЪŵĵطһУӣֳԪӣΧ˸ССȦӡ
ֵѣǾ޴ʯƷޱɾŻڣ̨俪֮ʣһΡԸҵȲУ
Ԫӷ˵һ䣬ֽס̾һڼνײ߾Ӳ֮û˹ǣٲȻһұԾӡǰܲĻأ
һܿӵʶֻܽԵĶƳԶʯƷת޼ڵȺ˼Уʵֻ봩Խ̨ϴɳصĴسɡˣԵν˻֮١
ԪԼ֮󣬲Ȼ޼׼ҾȻʮˣȻˡ˵һ룬£ĬȻ
ܵΣͬʹӰȴ˵ĶԻʲô£˵йϴɳصĴԣ١Ԫӵĵ;˵롣龿Ψ̨̤ҵȴ
ųԪ˵˴аλνˡ߰˰ٸʿֻռ֮ϴɳسɵã˻Ĳࡣ
ӵΡΣֻƾԼıȥյ̨һжȻ
쳤ҲǼɾ֮н޹Ÿп̨֪֮ڣֻٲһأ
ˮӶԴΪȻĦȭƵظ͵ҲҲ
˵̬һԷĶͽɵѣֺγһֶĲأ뷲׵ĽǮ޹أȴҪѹǧĿƵһģ
ӮΣҿǹį
һһ仰ƽȴڴˣǰдܵĶ
ɽ£һƬƬɫ߲ࡢࡢڡסƻ䣬졣һеĲЩɫʯԶˡ
Ҳ֮⣬;мλڱĿΪ׵ߣ뷢Ұף絶̣̬ϡٲһƽͻɽʯƼ򵥵ȴȻɣ˲Լ
ĲԶ׳˽Բ壬ò
λˣˣԶҶһ
һԶۣȴʶǺǿյǰʵ̾ѡֻýɻ£ĿһһŮ
ǡڴʱеȻ˫ۡȴ׽꣬仺ת׿ԶһӰ
һһŮװ뵱ԪʱǧΪ£ѵҲװ£Ϊȴѱǳ֪һĸˣ
һ԰˼Ī֮䣬ͻȻź󼹱һϮס˸¡δƬ̣Ϣתȥ
ӵڸ̨֮̾Եок쳣
ȻĿɣʲô
һɳסһ֮࣬ȥһһŮ漴ҡͷա
ǵϼҵ˵òǸɽ֪֮ҲϪ֪֮ҲʹͲǧȻɴĻøΪֱףС̫ˡ
һ˳ǣ񣬿еʯȦһȫȻû֮ǰĳƣ»ָ˾ͷһ뵵Ԫ֮УԲɷƲ
ǡ
вһʣͷһ֣ͷ߳£
һֻñ죬ȴʢ˵غȵӹһ٣չһ½ǡ
񣬰ԵĪ
һ룬ת龧ʯ޼ͻȻðʮλ˸֣Լ׼ңвڵ컪еȵȣԱԺ󡣸ģ㲻ģֺƽϡ
֮һֱΪɽͻȻһɧҵļѴԭվʿһһסԶͬʱ˫ۣһһŮһŮžĿ
ʮĵӰնת˲Խɽ̨ǰ
һԴһӰͷɹ
ͻʮˣŮӣʮӡ
ŮӣһһС
ߣ³ȹ޷ףơ¿˿ΪٲȻһũҵϸˡ
һλŮӣʤѩò£ӽ٣
ʮӣ˵ģòȴһ޵ı顣ɷƣΪɲ⡭
һعǰеʧǰɾ֮ʱֻһԵ̣
˵ϸˣÿؿɾ֮ȥв֪ǺηˡԪʵ
һҵǰҵ֪ҡҡͷʵڽйš
йԪʵ˱ϢԴȽ˵룬Ҳ˴Զ޴ӽ󡣺վɫһ䣬æѵֵѣɾδʿ仰ȥΪ֮һ
һȻӵվ𣬻ǰԵĶȻˣĿǰϵȫȻûյͻȻ˱ļ尾޴԰Σھ뼤нѡ
״
ӲҵҴѯʵһϵܣ˺¡
һçײľٶƬ֮󣬳£ֹ̧סӣ漴һ۹⣬ȻԶǸӰ


1025 ڼ
̨ǰʮɽϣʮųһУٲ統ŶķǿĪ֮ɢȥüʿ
߼ҵļԲҵ׷ӭǰȥ

޼ҵȥ֮󣬳ȻԭأһĲȻ
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ˣʮӽɱɭȻƱˡΪߣһǽɺڵΪ
в²⣬򲢲ɵ۵ĴСͻʮɵ־ڱصãǺ⣿ΣǷʮб鲢ΪǿѪɱ֡
޼ҵȺУһ°׷ϸ˷ǴࡣϵӰ¶һĨǳǳů⡣Ѿͷϴη֮ʣûӡ
ȵӰ۹ҲŲطٶȥӲΪǣòӵׯˮ£ԼֵǳǳУ޲˳ҡֻǵСǰճغĳ𡭡
ڵӪ֮ڣʥ˽ǹʵģѸģȻ͸Ⱥбǰ꣬Ļ˸񣬸Ծ㵣͵

һʮ֮⣬ʼʯͷͻȻһͬԶΣĮȻ˲ࡣ
ȻǰַŨ벢˫˵סͶ˺ηʿ
˶ߵƢԼΪϤҲܾηʹõĳƣȴϵľеʡȻɫࡣ
ţ߻һɵطԸͶϷػ
˵װ缰ò£ΨиͷߵͲͬѡͨλ߿еİͶһرܣȴε˵׳ϣ¹ɾ򣬵֪࡭
Ϊ׳ϵȻǲΪͷҲصؼ߳㳣걼ڸ磬᲻֪
ͶһԵͬ飬Ц£æ˵ӦǱİ͸ʣǵӡ
׳üͷԼԩˡΪȻءŶһһ˲ʧʱؽӻҲ״ԶУֻתѯ֮
Ϸ¶Ǽ϶ǺͿ׳붼ѵһ䣬漴Ϊ޵رԹϷһУܻϤɾΣߣӵΪʮΪŹ֡
׳˵ȴǶ̨ǰһ¡еⲢˡ

ͬʱɽһȴĿǰԲȻ
Ƭ֮Щŵ˵ʦǷǵãʦʦĹˡδ˵꣬ԼһתһԾʵҵ֮⣬ѵС
򶨣ɫԳɣصҿǰŮӲǡʮλֵΪҵ£ȴɭĪϸˡһʱ˵ףҡҡͷֵĿԴûκΣֻ

ӣӡ˾Сƽӡ׷ӡȨӣǰλѡ߼ļԼͬشԶյһתǰ
ʮ֮⣬ҵʮӽɫĮȻĿбӣеŮֹ̬вͬİŮԲתʾǫûرܡϸȴƳĸ𣬴ŲϵɤڵȥӴΪ¡ޱΪһ꣬ʱȴֻ£Ⱥ֮Ϊ֮
˴ϸ˵۹ԶԶ٣漴ΡΡתȥ
߼ҵļҶԣԹǡ
кζϸͻȻƮתͬһٿȻǰҵʮӺϬغɶȥ߼ҵļµĿ͡
ת˲֮䣬һĿĹâֱֱǾ޴ʯƷ֮ϡɲǣ﷽Բɽ͵ض£֮κ䡣
һ̣Ʊ紵һرˮֻ֮Ʒ֮йâһŤһţ漴ֳһءϸ˼ʮӴжʱûӰ
⣬ޱɾڿˣ
ϸһеȥɽϵʿȲֻҵĳһԸҪ̨ʼ˴εĵ֮ã
λջ۹⣬ȴֿԶİӰϸߵʱйλӵݷͬһ㡣
֮󣬰ŮתǴˮɫλʩӼ常λѣ
˸࣬׷׺Ц⡣
ʱԽڶһУº˵ҸŮ֮䣬ֺ񣡡գ˶Էǰת崺㿴ˣʾӣ㾡ܷʩĪҲӣǺǡٲȻǴǰλϸ˵Ĵߣָʹķ緶Ҳ쾡¡
˾ɫ졣ӵ⣬
ЮŮأǰһЦ˾ΥǰĳԣǽΪѰ
һĴֶȴֹȽ߸Ÿ͵ʹߣβ޼ҵŮƽӵ֣ΪȻ񡭡λ˾С˵֮ʣͷԵһλߡԷ縳񳣬ĵˡ
ƽ΢΢һЦ˵ǺǣλӦǴӵ֣֮ΪȣԽ֮١
˵˵Ц⣬ȴػ档
ӲΪ裬ɫɣ۹ƳλѡеλߣһòͨһݲϣֱǵĻȨĿ׷ӣҵļһһ
Ůһ壬һǻ֮⡭
ţ֮顭
£ʾ¡
Ųߣ߼ұ˷Դ㵣漴۹ˣѩϾһǳǳЦ̣ת˵Ӳţұ£Ե⣬תԷǰ˲䣬һĨɫӰƮʮ̨¶ٲѩţƳ𡭡
Щ⧲Ǹᾲ˳Ůûţ̫ˣʲôб£ǴмŽһһ
о仰Ů򡣸Ī˵ֻһŮ
鳤룬۹΢΢һȻº͵ЦݣѾͷΨϸΪѣ˱ӣʵТĿɼΣҲաпһ֮תʮλͬ˵ɾȻҵȲľ¡
صʹ죬͵ԣмɣ仰䣬طǰʯƷ
Ȼն𣬳ɽµķԸΪߣ̤ޱµӣһǰڼ


1026 ˻
ɾһ̣һеʮסˡȴ˻̲ס׷
˵ľ̤ɾĹءҵʿɶ١ǿһɹ١̨ɴ˼ɾ֮Сǰߣظ
̨ٽ̫ǿ󡣲ܴƵһӡ
⣬ˣԵ죬Уȵȡ
Ӵ֮ɽ϶ʱһӰһٶλ˾ϵǰ֣̱ǰ˾Դ̨ʧפ
һɫɣһǰȴ鲻ԽضǸӰԷͤͤƷµʯԣĳһٽʿ޶ԣûԶ۹⡭
ٶǰڴּΪӵݵľϲеʧӿͷʹ㯲ѣ
ǰԵǰط꣬ȴ治ʶ
֮ԶĪǡ
ֻ֮࣬ΪһѪļ䡣ֻҵļУȻһ㡭
һ£˻ǿ۹ת𴦡
ǰɵƷΪ̨ڡŻֱޱɾеϴɳȻߣдȥһ
˿̣Ʒİʯ֮ϣѶʮӰλ֮⣬һЩ˾ĸ֡޼ҵ޺ӣ׼ҵ죬ԻȻСǰ˼һһŮѴ̨֪ȥ
Σֻʮ˷ֵ̨ҵĺʿǸʲôģֵڴ
ڴ˼ʣ̨һȻ漴𣬽һϵƻȻɲ֮㽫·һɽеĵӰûʯƷǰʮ֮ڣһҡ
֮ףһ
ͬʱ̨ϵ˽Դ㵲⡣
ĸ˸ʮ⣬㴥̨ϵ١ιʣ
ҵλĻȨɻ֮⣬˼ֵǡ
ͻ⣬е;˻æɽϣ˴һ꺺ӣ˫ۿ󡣶ԷλߣЦҡͷ߶ס˫估󡭡
Ϣ֮䣬ɢȥŽƵپȻû˶
꺺ӵЦһȴæͣתȻĹˡ߲Ҵ⣬к˼ǰС
Ŀ֮£˵һһ޴ΡһнҪ֮ʣͻȻߵˣҼðʿɾ
ɽ֮ϣһ١
꺺ĶܣһȻ֮ɲǣٵڶɫһ䣬ǽߣü룬񲻾׼ҵļӡ
̨ϣͬɫ졣ѻĸ׻켣ڴˣкͼ
ĻȨӳסˣǰһӵԣһҵӵܣǸΪԵʣŲ١
ЩתʵҾȻ壬˾ٺ⣿ҪΪвɡȻͱˣȻҪάΪΡ
Ȩɫһ۹ɢңæǿЦһ˵Ǻǣ֪ޣȴ޹ϸű¡תˣ˵ޡޡħޣΪͬˣɺ˱ˡ
ӶŻȨӣζҡҡͷ˵㻪һǺɰٴδ˵꣬Զ˳û͵е򷨹һޣΪǡ
⻰˵ѵûƫ̻֮⣿
۹һתԶӡԷȴһԵİŮɷµʾ£漴һӣɾ֮޶ݣ飡׼ӵٶɽɣ޼󡭡
ϻͷ΢΢һסһڡļȴ̫⡣ӵ̸ֹԿߣվһ񡣷ǵˣԲʵĶԷ˳Լһ顣
ȨҪִΪ
龪һɽϵ꺺߰ϲһ˽̨ͣգ۱ʧԶ֮С
Ƭ̣ͻ䣬

չɽֻʣʮλʿ֮ģ̨ϵʮˡ֮ʮ֮ڣһƬ׻ĵ
ĺĿ׹֮УڵʿȺա˷Ŀã˸ͬܲΪ֮崡ڼеսľĪп벻
֮£ԸԳҳҪԿҪķʶǰĴȻʵνĻ֣ȴԵΪǿԴ
׼ҵһٶλжɽ٣յֻ̨аңֱΪɵĳɲȡ
޼ҵΣǳϡӡӵȸֵĽ֮£յԶɽ߾Ȼﵽ֮ࡣ
Ҷɹٵĵӣڵ̨һ˲ʧɾ֮жȥһߴһһȥ
ʱɽϳ˽ڵһ֮⣬л׼ҵʮӡ̨ϵǰҲɾµʮУ߼ҵļ졢޺ӣԼһλİŮλӡ
ӵ˿ЩǰԭӦüȥȴصȵ󡣲֪λ֮ʣҪСĽһ棬һʱ޴ӵ֪
䡢䡢䡪
һ˸׹⽫һӳ磬ͬʱյĿԡ
ѽǿϧˣһλֹ̨ǰǻǰȴ
Ѷ㵽˰֮⣬ѰһطЪϢȺ뼸λڵĸֽأλʿĶɽٷࡣ
ӽյ٣²ۿһ׽ǱӴܣס̾ϢٲѰʹڵĸⰡҽڣֻһܶɽٳɣֵѡ
ڳԶ׹ⷢӵĻŵңɵѭȥһֻһĿٲȻ붨Ѿõģ
ĿϾ˹˲ԵĶӴżֽ뼸ֹУѵϵܣɽڼԵβĦԽ˴λԵҪٵǧ꣡
һľٶʵ˲⡣ҪͷĦȭƲŶԡٲãٿԴǰ˵ĳɰмȡֽѵ޶ԣҪ
ţС޴ֵʤȯգ࿴һӺĵһ䣬ּæʾǼλѾȻɽ٣ҵȡ
ͷһ޲ɫء
һȴڴʱһӷŵĻ˵ֻһˣ׽жȹʮ֮áⲻ̶̵գÿ˫ۣһ۴ӵϻȻֵ˻һʹ죡
̨ǰһԸСɽ١


1027 Ͷȡ
׼ҵʮλʿУʮԸ̨׷Ͼˣµĵֻܾʹ˴ظ
ڵȴֵ֮ڵʿɽˡ
ʱɸ߿û׽ٵĶһȻ˸Ǻһֻۣڸ٣ֻΪ
̨ϣʮλǰδȥ
֮⣬ԽӰڻƽ
ӰֱһӡԪӡ쳤ӡˮӡֻкڵΪ֪Զɽ٣Ůڷԭ
Ƭֹ̣סΣһſն
̨ʮп񱩵ʹһ
λĲ٣ǧסҶǿƣֻǽľ׽پΪһҵҪֻ̨ôʮ׻ϵܡкһֳһԵһʾһǰ²Ϊȫˡ
ٽµһ̨̣ǰʮΪ׳ڡе˶ɽ٣һͬǰ޲ɡԣֻΪС˭⣬һҡ
һδŻػת׿Զ
ʮʿϤȥȻ˵Ķɽٺ¡Ҳǣû˳Ļ֣Ľһбؽصޡǽ߼ҵǰȴʮ㣬Ҫ֣˵
һǰϤİӰͶһƳԷˮɫУֻоǧ֮İüһת͵ľ޴Ʒ˵һ׽ǣɼѣ̶̵ʮԶĳȫԸнˣ
԰գһӵ˹˹֣һǰ
ӵ޲ɫضٴУһʿ䣬ɵΪ֮һһ׽ǣɼѣ̶̵ʮԶⷬƵĻʵѪڰϵܡֵܷӦ׽٣ĿԴ
֮ʣһɫһ̨ϵİ˶Ȼתȥû˵ȴġ
ǰȵ˽ΪβٶƬ̣
ǿգһʱ鼱ҡһ˲ö룬Ȼ̨ڴһزǧ׹Ȼ¡
䡢䡢䡪
ǰȥ߰һˮ״ϸ׻һϡ⧲֮Գ֣һͷɽ¡ͨصһ˲䣬Ѹױ鲼ȫ͸üĵӡ΢΢͹
֮£һվɲǣը׹֯ķٳһæΡ
䲻˼£һϢ֫ʹ̡ۻ壬²޴󰭡
һ̧ͷĿ׹⼲꣬ûзֺͣЪһɺɷԲǿŲ׹ȴ׺ҵ˺ѽɡͬʱ֮˷Ϯ羪κ˰˷һǿһʹԳֶ⣡
ߣͣħٹȵΣ
̨ǰⳡ٣ֻҪǿΪ֮ȫˡħٹȵ֮£
һ̧ͷһƲһΪ뽾ȻۼܲӦüǵɫӡ΢΢һʱɷơ䲻ɣȻӶ˫ּһʮʮһ˵ķģȻ͸׹Ϊӡһ
գ֮䣬ǿкֹ׹֮УȻһʮɵĺɫ޸
ǿΪʩչħӡӡһһ˵ͷһء˶ԸٵһӲʾˡȣʵѣ
һֵȥ޸ٿȻͷϷƲֻµ׾赲ķɣڵǰȴһľüæ̧ۿǰ
̨ϣδȥȴֽ³ɡڴ˴գ¿˸ҵʵȻ˽üԼɾ֮С常ΪλҪȥֻΪ󼸸ɽٵС
׵ס٣Ǻͨ벻ڻд˸֣ѵһ
ߣʲô֣ħ޵һСˡ
˻޵ϵˡ
Һֹϵã¡
һʿ˵޵ѣѵƾһʽͨ
ߣƽ֪СΪʱδʩչȫӵĻᣬ׷ɱ⧲֮²⡭
죬ӻ˵ĶԻ޵ѣ޼ҵ޺ӣƽƽӵӡ߿ᣬפԼҴĻ᲻ˣ
üתŲԶһλ۰׷ϸʵ޳ϣԵ棿һҵĻᡭ
޺ӵһ˫һ˿ǸΣȴɫһЩԹѾͷ˵ٻֻѵ꣬ûʱת档վɷŹСӣɽ٣ߡ
Ů˵ڳҲûţȴһԶȻѡӵĶ޺ӱˣ޲š˭ҵ޼򣿶Ϊߣ׾ͬΪһˣǰˣͲɵ׽֮Уһ޸ƷǷһӰǡͥŲ
˿ȥɫɻһԵĽʿΪҪ޼Ҳ߻᣿ǵΪǱͼǷһɫ֮ͽǵСʱһһ⣬ȴֽ˲롢ǲȥԡԵɣĪԡ
ǸһεĹ죬ҵĻᣡ
֪䣬ӽ϶һ㵭ĺ˪ޱˡ
ƽڴ˴˼ƽ֮⣬޷Ҫӣþ򡣶޼һζԹס档˾Ȼη٣Ϊ
Ů¸죬̨ϵˡ
ӳ޺΢΢ҡͷתֿӡСȻ죬һɽٹյǿ󲻿󡭡
Ӷӵİʾ޶ԣĿǰ벻
ڳ߼Ҽ֮У׷ӡ˾СȨƽӽͷ˵һˡھ֮࣬ЩšһԽڵСܶɹٲɣǾ޸ͨԶɷ಻ضá
վȺ֮ʱ̲ӵľٶΣεؿЦ¡Ϊ˻Ᾱʧ̬䲻ȴҪĳ˵ĵŮһ³ղƴۼ̾簡Ҹȴмӣв֪Ρ
ĥŮ黳ĸ磬ӡ֤ĳЩ²⡣ַŨ룬۷Ź⣬һСȻɡħ޽ɣΪͨɷ֮ǿҲһ٣ǰǸһҪʲô
ȥԴ㵲ѡ¡¡֮УŰȻʮ׻֮Ťͷ󺰣λҶɽ٣ʾ⣬Ӱææ뵽Ǿ޸֮¡
ΣͻȻǰһȵͶȡɣꡭ
С޼ϳͲ޺ɭȻ̧ͣǰһָһǿķѸ͸׹֮΢ķ϶Хȥ


1028 
ɵ֮ϣƸѿһ϶ʤк£Ȼ̨ǰһ׻֯
һ̣ɽХĺˮ״ϸ׻ꡣصߵ轵ֻҪ˺Ƭ촷ۡٶȻ硣
׳֮УȴһɷƵĺɫ޸߰ɴСһ鴭Ϣ֮ءӰ̶ֻΪ׵Ӵϵܣܴҵһͬɽ١
̨ǰٽƣȻ˽ꡣһ޷Խǵһȿ۲šΪֹǰȴϽշɽɾ˵ף
־ϲ֮£һϳɳȵӶʧ̬˵ļλˡ˻һңһĿ̧ܵͷ쳣ĺɫ޸죬ҲаһĻ򵥡
һͬɽ٣һӡٳħ޸ɫвһ˿һĽҡ
ٲɼ棬˭ҷ̨ǰ죬ľ׽پһȴɢʮķԲлɳδ֪ƾһ֮ȫЩڵֲֺͬΪأ
ʶʱóȻ֮٣ʱ⣬ȴҲ޵ķʸ
ֻ˻һ֮Ȼ
һɷƣ̧ӡɸߴӳֵľ޸׹ϡڵһɽ֮ϣ㻡âݣٲһƬɽˮʹܸܵǿ֮һɫʯĿ֮뵶ʹػȻһ塭
ˣһϾ룬ӵ˳ȵȨһԣ
δ֮ʣæӦһ
һǰͷħ޸ƶ˼ܣٲȻȫԸ
ʮ׳δ룬һͻȻһ٣漴
ӵܣֹȴԡ׻棬ңû֪һͣԵɣæѯʡ
ϵܣǷãЪϢһ
ֵѣһ֮
μӳֵַָ̡
ֳϣҽ۽ճɷֵܶ˿ڷķ
ȽԷħޣˣ
һһ֮󣬲ˣѪŭǰʲһâȻϮ裬Ȼһ֮һ֮ʿĺȻһȫעħӡ֮£Զܣֻǿаһ¡ܼۡ׵Ļ壬ֻθ㣡
˲䣬һ˻ĸԴʶǻͫԿ͸׹⿴ԶΡ̨ϵʮλ֮УԼĳҡǰ˶ͬɷΪΡ
һͷסһٿȻ֮䣬һνâϮƽȴȷŵĸΪٲڸֵȫһ
ʩչħӡĺķ֮Ϊ٣ʵϾˡڴΣͷκţһҽѣνĴ䲻ϣȴһеЩ⡣Ȼǿڡ
һвϢĹǵâѴ͸׹⵽֮⡣һ˫üбüĵĽɫӡ΢΢˲䣬һСɵӰǰû漴һֻȭȥ
顪
һ𣬱û¡¡֮СâȭӰһζҲ
ֱʱӵһ޲Ϊ֮־ŭȴ޿κΡɣ͵ϮǽЩˣ
һԶ̨ϵһ˺ݺݵһۣƽϣȻǰ
̨ϵ޼ҵӣɫԴ㵡ͷһԵӣ֪ڰʾʲô
һͻȻӿ죬ӵ˲ҵһͬǰȥ
׻١һħ޸Ӳƿһ߷϶ھһ֮·
ת֮ʣʮѾ˹һ롣Ƭ̣һ˱ɵִ̨ǡڴʱȻӾ磬ħ޸֮һƵһòȥƣ˸ɫ̶̻
о޸赲Ǻպǿʢ˵֮ǰ谭ͬ˳ڵ٣;ٲȻɡڸΪ͵׷֮
һԷϵؼӳħ޸ͷȴǰпࡣȥֻδִ̨ľħ޵Ϊǰ⣬ʿɽٵʱ״ΪֵԼ˱ͬеԵʣһԵʡ
ʱ̨ϣӵͬĿ⡣
Ϥͬһ㣬ֻһֲס֮·ʮڵ׹⾹Ȼһƾһһ쭣ֻΪǹĺɫ޸һ̡Ǿ޸֮µӰڸ֮£ʱΪС
Сˣⲻ֪ۡ޺Ӻ޺һ䣬ɫ͸ĪĿ⡣ųδȫԾ治ÿΪ֮ڻ벻ͻ䣬ӦڰæСˣۺ
ŮѽһСԷװݻ޼ҵĺɽ磬߻ᣬԼΪĴֻСʬ޴³˶ͷ֮ޡ
Ӱгͬûܵסһȴ޺ǰƽϡһԵĬĬɫ˴˵࣬Ե˼
ҵļڿ֣һʱֲ״
ƽͻ٣֮½סʧһΪǿ󣬿쾳ˡŽͬɽ٣вȴˡδ˵֮꣬̾ν࣬ǶɽٵĶǷǱѰ
Ůģһ⡣
ӡӡӽͷһ׼ҵĸ˴ӣתעǰ޼һֵܵɫΪ
Ƕĳ˸еЩ˼顣һٶðʧçײǲ֮ǰĺɫ֮ͽˣΪ
뵽˴̧ۿ񷡣޵ľͷһأ𲻶кµĽȴң£һէһǺһƽƾǷ
ͬʱ׹еħ޸Ѳظ͵³һɲ綶ͣһæħ޵ķӳУǰĽŲȴǳࡣͣʹһʱĸоȡĪľٶ˹ⲻҪ
ȥʮɣһͣħӡǿţħ޵ΪĴ롣轵ֻ½̨͡ʮԶƶݵһ·ߣ̫Ȼǳ˲Ŀͷ
Σе˴Ϊңһû֮ǰܣǸϵ뱯ۿǾ޸ҡҡ׹֪һƣӦȴûܹѵ˷ֽ޹
Ƭ̣һҧת˫üһϵܣҵۣһ˶ɽٲѡ
һԿѰԲߣֳ⡭
δӦɫͻ䣬æ󺰣Сġ˶ˣһĽâΪǿֱ͸׹ٿ֮ѵһǰ


1029 ǧһ
ڽҪͷ侮ʯ
ȻһĽâ˺ΪеɱһΪۣʱҲԵֵ׺͵Ϯ
ö룬һѷǼ򵥵ɧţҪٲ֮ءǡٶң͵ϮҪûĽâ͵Ľף¡ѵ޺֮⣬˳֡
Ӵ֮ʣһȻ롣üĵһһӡٿȻһΪһı͵ħ𡣱һģһӰֵһɲǣһɫĽâǰ
䡪
֮Уһ졣˲䣬һ͵رˡŽֳӰݺȴײħ𣬱˴գۺΪһ壬漴ֵɳȥԶֱֱھκ˰׹֮С
⧲Ǳ֮Уһͨ׷һŵ۶ʱ˺Ƭֻԡƺһҧشӵſվȣħ޸ʱƵͷ˲ûɫһ䡣
һвת۵Ĺӵѱ׹ûǿмȴһʱ˲á
ʱɷԲ֮ڣٲȻһƬ׻СǿŰ֮תݣֻҪﳹ׵ᡣ
һ̧ͷ۹Ѫɫ
ħ޸СһȦֻʣߡɴСأԷġˡ˻ڱԹĲڼصȴľͷš
ҡ
¡¡ͻȻһ΢ʹ
һѭȥ˫ü
ʮ֮⣬ſڵϣһԻɢŷмΪŰٶԿʱ̶ɵӡԪӡ쳤ˮӵľ޼
˶ɽ٣ȴģ
һһڣδɣħ޸ǰȥ
̧ͷֳϡ²ٶɽ٣ֻ
һȥʮɣͷһԿ᲻ȻһâԶϮ
ʹһ׹ͼȴ⵽һľٶæʾϵܣĪҵȣжɽ١
һһٴηΪΪһ壬̧гֱǰħĽȻӿ죬תѽץ𡣶ԷǲһҵȫѪɫֻл
Ϣ֮䣬һıع֮С²ͣͷעµף˫ֳֽ͵ǰȥ
һʮɵĽɫâȻ˲׹⡣£ǡײϮһСɵİɫâ
䡪
֮Уһǲж֣һε˳ȥڰգֱ׻УͨһˤɽϡҺһ˼ͷżѵʺѪ
ǽ̶̵˲䣬ħѽ֮˾ħ޸֮£ȫ֮ǰ˵²Ϊȫˡ
һķٵ˼ֻ֣׻зĿȥ̨ǰɽɱڣ
ûħľ޸壬һıħֻƾΪӲͦڼĿ׻֮УٲϺ˰벽еĽûһ˵â콣Ȼƣ漴һʮɵĽɫâڵСԶԶȥǺƽһֽգȴʱҪڻͻ͵֮¡

̨ϣһΪʶĸǣΪǰһвȻѡ
һСɽ٣ֳ˴Ķ˵Ǿ޸ͨԼǷǷĴڣ
⣬Ŵ֮£ǸһȻȴŴ²޾ɫҪ֪ųֵĿɲһ
ĿǰɫӶָ̧зһСɵĽâҪ֮ԶӹЦֺαһСΪأ˳ȥ»
ת۹һ٣һЦʵһΪ޼ӵӣӵıţΪԼӳΣڡ
ˣ֮ΣұΪӼΪظЦֲѵѲɽٹ׷
΢΢ףԴȵӦԣһɽкηһƳǹеֵһֻΪӳԹδ䣬˦һĽâХȥ
һԵӸ͵Сܶ˽٣̣ʧʱظżһâȻҪʹɱ֡۰׷޺ſ³һ⣬Ȼʩչ˱
ΣЦɣ۹ȴһ˿миͽݵŮ˵޼ɵбŸŮӣҡͷתעԶĪ
Ӻƶ常ӵ޶ԣȻھš覵ȴû˴ǰŭһ˫˵лЩɻλͬʱѣټϹ͵٣Ǹһ³֪
Ī֮ʣӵͷһһǣ鲻ԽΪ֮һѡ£֮У۾Ȼ벻׻аȻӰԼôˡ
䣬ӹעһӵĴڡ˵⻹ƽͷһءһһЦȴǣһӵ˼
ĴŲԶǸӰɵһ񼤵޼ҵͬʱ֣æ׿ȥǻûʧ
һһһ͹һĽ콣֮ϣɵĽɫâ˸һ콣󲻹˲䣬ġ֮ƽûħ޸ƾűΪǲӦ̨ʮ֮⣬޽λۣͬȥ־ڱصã˭ס
һ˺ģϧ߶콣׻ǿ֧šֻħķأǿΪһڴ˿̣Ȼһ˿ӽ´֮ȴзڵ̫
һ΢΢һæͷȥʿɽ֮ʱΪܽ׷ɵţ̤նСʱزǡòڼɫʯ֮ϡ֮٣Ȼ֮¶ǣڵ̫ԭתȴԲҼʹͻȻ˼磬Ԫһ̵ͷ
Ƿζţڵ̫ȡԪΪһȫµΪ
һ֮Уȴ͵̧ͷâԶ͸׹εڼϮ޲ɱ߾ΪڵƣΪǣǰ߾ɳڵĸ˳֡
ǰδеնȻ٣һֻú󼹱䣬ͷ͵ԽκϮ֮ƼȥųɣǹЮɳƵĽâڽɺϵĸ֣֮
ǧһ֮ʣħǡôŽ˸ϵʮ֮⡣˴ٵıԵٲ飬еǰȵԱأڡųڣ䱾ͬͷħ޸ٿȻԶȥӰε׶ʱΪ֮һ
ȻµһĴȴϾ˼һسӴŮڷӭǰ˳ƽصӡ˫Žͷּæ׻


1030 Զ
һ˲䣬âѵʮ֮⡣䲻ݻ̧һ㡣ħľ޸ͻȻֹͣתȻ漴ˡһը죬̶Хǰݺȥ
һɫ磬ٿȻƶĿ׹⣡
ͬʱһȻ˺üɷƣϳĹâ˫ֿӰӶʮʮһ˷裬֮ɲǣڲħ޷ʣ޼һƲɣ̫Ӿ֮ӿ漴ʮķġ
䡪
Ϣ֮䣬¡¡һ졣ħ޸ȻϮâֻʣһȴɱʢֱһƱҪһ
ֻڵϦ֮ʣ˶ܵһȴͻȻͣ£伱˦̧ңңһ㡣׹ٵķ͵Ϊһˡ¡աȸӡѸӣһʮɵľ޸ƿն
ԭħӡһַ滷Ƶһɫ޸ʱ׹֮УȴһͨѪɫ޸ɢɱϯķǻصƣ糱Ľ׶Ѻֺ
һħӡı죬ָ̧һ䡣֮˲䣬һ󡰿˺ѵ֮У޸źɨƺȻǰ

һĺֱ֮͸𳹰˷
ǺϹŻֻΪʱ˺ʹضײŭĵĻڴһ
ɲǣ֮ͻ䡣ͻϮĽâȻ޸ȴֱȥǧɡ֮һѪ˺գٺݺף쳣ɽ֮ϡ

֮⣬ڵӵ׹˺ѷΰ촫֮ĪͶɵ˴󾪣æˣֱʮǱͣ£ļ²ѣ
ǰһʱӵһʮ˻̻̲
̧ʧŷλͬʱ֣ϵΣӣ
ԪЩɥҡҡͷ̾ף͵Ϯ˭Ӵ˽١
쳤£͵֮ˣһλɺڵǰֵѺΪ׶༪ٰ
ڵڵæˣһԵˮȻż־⣬ŵ˵ֳĸأΪ֮󣬵ƺһ
֮У˴ͷ䣬ԪӰΣĴһӣʲô޺ӾȻ׼ңԽҶɽ٣Ǳˡ
ŵôԣ
ȶɽٵĲΪһǱĸӡһթ֮ͽսΪ˾ǰ⻹޳ǷĪ⣡
ʱ֪ͬΪõŮٳ˵˶ɽʧ⣬һס̾ɵ֮ϣ޹غʲôС˾ӣֻɰܡ仰˵һ룬ڷҲ
Ůһ˫üٿȻδŭ΢΢漴ֽһʹաֻԵȫȻû˿Ļңɷǵģַ٩٩С˵⣬׾οԾӺڣΪġ֮νΩΣΩ΢仰һ٣ָǰʾֵܲǷȻңԸ˷緶صػӣ˷Ȼ
Ӽһλˣܷ׻Դˣڷ絹ΪȻվڼλǰǰԸпѡǰ󲻹꣬Ǹ½ʿѷȡԿ٣ֱͬǰ־ٶһ̾Ϊֹӽֳϱؽ
ֻϧʦδʢ֮תһý֪ʦ䲻ܶԼ¶Ц
ڷūȴڹע˼ҵʦзסǰֳϳ˺¡
ȥһ㵲ѡ

һĺڶը죬ǣһͷǳѪ˲Զǰ̨Ϊ֮һǺнƵɫɽ֮ϣȻֳһǳǳѺۡ
գ֮䣬ֱ䡣
ʮһ׳һŰ⡣١ļ٣һת쫷磬ǡһӿն£ֻͻкһСģӰ֮ϡ
էۣܲŽһУ̨ϵ˽ԴĿ
Ӹ˼ֲȻų룬۹оǲ˼顣޺ӵĳֹҲۣԼ԰˳ɷɵĽâ㱻ٺȥųȻɳڵȫһĪ˵СֻкڵΪ˺ڵĸӴ˽١⣬Թ˲Ͼ
ôˣСӵľ޸סԼĽâ練ƵһסֻкΪһͨһɸ֣˵ĲʱգûƵ
һСӣȥɵ۵ĴУֽ֪ζԴ޼˳ƶΪ
ĬĬǰɫ
޺ɫ֮ɫŨΪŵʧֶŭֻСӴˣҡ
޼ҵ¸죬ڳͬˡ
ʱ˿̡˾ʹ˾Сƽӡ׷뻪ȨӽԶǸһ¡һڵСɡħޣóɷ֣ͨ޼ɨأܲʹ˴أ䣬ĵ쳣˴εɾ֮Уֵζˡ
׼Ҹƽӣһͬĸܡ
ָһѳŨ룬ͻ٣ȻоЩײܡʲôֻֻԼĶܲµ֡
ûȥĥԼ˵˼ûɵذ۶ʡΪԼӵµĲѡ¿Щ뵱ȻˡһɽٳɣϰȻȣнմµһſŮĲѰɫ֮ͽɫ֮ͽһӻͷŮӵϲء
˺֮ˣҽҲֻգһһΪȻ񡭡
һʼͷƽֺӣֻԸΥ
ӿԵƽɷʾ£תֶ׻нӰһ˫ˮ΢΢һɺڡһɳһڸֵĺһȻ壬ڿʵϡԼĻ᾿⡭
ڴʱһֱڶٶͻȻ˿˵СӲ޳֮ƾͨ˰ˣǿ֮ĩ
޼˳֣һвתĹ
˽ȥ
ͬŰ֮£ַҵ׻֮Уû˾޸ĺڵֻһ׵ӰӵǻѪȴϳĹâ״ħ
ΣӾźֺ£漴ٴ̧
ԶͻȻ˵Զš


1031 ׻
ֳ̫֮ӳµħӡȻͬСɣ
ǻһ˵ħӡʹΨˣʹħӡ
Կ֮󣬲μա¡ӡںľһħ޷ΣͷһȸӡʩչġӡһȻס˱ɱһ֮ͬ׵̫˸һɶ
ûħ޸赲׾һ㲻ȥı꣡
һŽһ٣δӳµħӡкβͬѱݺſڵء飬׻ѸͣҪ콣ǿһȻɲǣƬƣֻʣڳĺ
һֻ̣˶Ҫˣ
һӵµһССɰǴڡǻ𣬽ɼƿеһƬʱ֮䡣ܵʹ󲻶ϵϮԼţұΪڡ
֮Уһٳ٣ȴһæΡûˣϽ«ٻѡǸâ÷飬һͷҷǽҲ֫½ڻ֮С͸ףٷ뾭֮С
֪ΪΣ֫ٺ˺ѵʹͻȻûˣȴܵٵĴڡļϢĶֻΪĹ¼ֺԶԭҰеȼĵ⣬ڷ֮
һ񣬺ֲҺһƬƬǴѣ͵ľʹֱ񡣶Ʋɵ׹еǲҪغݺšš˺š
֮䣬һѿԼĴڡ֫อһһŰ֮³˷顣ֻͷ­ͬ³ʹ˻ɢ䶯Ҳֵܶ
ڼȻ㱵һ˲þǿҧأ֮лζŷŵĻþٿȻͬʱʶе߷һѸȫĹȻ򡭡
׷ֻǻƶΪȻ
һһɲǣอԼɽʧ漴Ϊ֫׿ٺľϲ̧ץ׻ȦǬ䡣ͬʱŭ𣺡˭ĸӡ
һĬĬٵĻ͸¡
һ̣дʹ࣬ûĿֻš֮Уٲֱ˴ˡɽȴɣ漴ѭžӿڡ
ǰ֮һĶ롣֫ȻǴǰҲӵ׻кɣԻȻǰȥ
͸꽻֯׻𣬿Կ̨ϵʮӰʮӰʮ羰չֳļůͬƻްɱأסǰеĽŲȥɣȥҪŵǰһֱڽȴ
һֱͦǰ̤һΪ٣Ȼ谭϶µ׻𣬿ȼաԻ𣬻ųؼһĨɫʡ
һٴǰһϳĹâͶ֮˲䣬ͻȻնȥһɲǣĻӰһ׻Ĵ죬ʾڷ

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΢΢һҪΪʱӰڵʯ̨м䣬׻ȥǿȻ͸֮
ӵɫЩ
޺΢΢ͷסһȴӡһɫԻ͵Ӱ
˾Сƽӡ׷ԼȨӣ޲㵡
Ӿ֮࣬Ц⣻Ŀתʧ񡭡
ƽСţĿѣ԰ģһ鲻ԽȥʧΪ
ӵɫɣĬĬǸӰ䰲ȻûɵɿԷʱŮӵͷĪһţҪȴƶ۹⡣ڴɲǣһ޵Ķ֮ԼԼ
һ˫صһ˲䣬ŰʱٿȻʧ۹Žӹ̨ϵˣǰӰһ٣Ϊһİɫâ֡Ͼ룬תȥԶңң֣漴ԭʧ

֮⣬ڵһȻ̧ͷĳ۲ѡ
ȴеͨɽ٣ȴضԽǵһɣǸĵŰ׳٣ϵܡֵѡֳϻֽΪԿʬ޴³ɵֹڴˣȴвʡȡᣬͽκΣ
þó˭˵ء
ֱǸɫӰʧ˲һȻʧط˫ֻ֣ɫɲɵģַ׺ǺЦǺǣϡϰֵճˣҽڽʹһɨǷϡ
ŵôԣŮڷ硢ӵʿǵͷ͡ԼĿ֮£һλˡ˭һλǶߣڸӣҲանҪյһйΪ̣һ˺
٣֪֮աεĹһ˱оΡʶӵΪԼĽڴ֮ʱڳļλǰȴ
꣬쳤һ̾ϵϴƣ룬£˵ְԺա
ԪӸŹ˹֣һоڲС
ˮЩʧ˵ҿľֳģǴӦкô˴˹ġ
ѴӾվȴѪɫˮˣ˵ͷ϶˵϶ֳΪҽĶ桭
˾˭ʲô˴˶ֻ֪ӵ˼вͬΪԼ۹еңΪ˸ӵŲɡ
Ƭ̣δسһųżλ΢΢ЦЦƽؿοһϵܵɾ֮вʼԹϡ롭һֵһɳ죻ΪȻŵԡҵֻһӵⲻҿѭ
ⷬڳ˸Ȼ
ֵʲõطԸ˵زɾ̻תϵܼһȥ˳ãвݣг֮꣬ӵˣҴȥ棬ֻо緵طΪϲߡ
˻⣬ٳۣ׿ƬڵɽԼ̨Ҵ̤Ϲ;

һԶȥ֮ʱ̨ҲҪȥ
常޳ϣλͬУȻʹʧˣӳӼҵʿǷǷӣơ
˼죬ȴѻָ˳̬һڳ͡¶ºֲͣʧֵʾ⡣޺ӸЦݣȴأصӡ
ƽʵȥδɷͬУ
ǰǰͬСǶ˵ӰڨڨһЦ
Ӽһ٣ɫɣͷҲصλԱ㡭δ˵꣬ʧһƬ֮Сƽ벻Զƽĵͷʾ⣬̤ɾ֮С
ûӴк˼ɷ˵׷˹ȥ
˲ҪȥͻȻɫһ˵СӶɽѰգ˺֮£Թغ޼ҵĶԹλҪ֣˺


1032 ־ڴ
һƬ׶ĵطɽˮ
ֻɽѲɽˮ಻ˮ
Ⱥɽ󶼹ͺͺĴݲԻ价ƵһɽȵܣȴǶһȦ⡣˴кľ滨ݣһʮﳤĺ˵ԶԶȥǸһյĳ
ǺǳеĲˮ⣬뵲ݵİߣббһȱʯƣ桰ϴɡɷĿΪƽ˼ֱء
ǱϴɳأȻҵѰա
ɽһĸɽ֮ϣҴĵӰΪ׵һĨ˰Ƶĺ룬һ˫͸βסܡڸ·ɽӿŵһˮŨȴڣǧԶȻΪ֮һ񡣴⣬νϴɳУٶӰɢķԾɡ
ҽԳէ;飬ȴΪʱ͵λߣϴž겻Цݣ˵ӻҵӵĿлϤϴȥ̥ɾ壬ֻڴ˴ϸռɣʮ֮ôмǡͷۣ
뺺Цһݺݴ궯£׹·ɽ˵ΪзɳɣȴޱɾлһݾˣָǺεȵǿ󰡡
ȻϴɳصĴбؽʹ˵Ǻǣ֮£ֽһЦ˵ǰ㹦һ񡭡;̨ʱ򣬺⣬ʵŻˡٲ£µЩĸ֡¶м³
龪һˣҪ֪ʿ̨ͬҺΡ뺺ӲΪȻҡҡͷֳ־˵ֻ¶١ǧգߺߡ
һͨȺŹɻǽɶӡһͳָտɴЩ֣ʲôأ߽סͷĪĿ⣬һ˷Ը¡˫䣬ץʮʯȦݸԷת뺺ӷ˵²˳١
뺺ᣬͬһʯġʮ֮ࡣ
״һЦ֣ӵܼˣӦøռŶԡǲȻǺǡ
뺺ӽʯݸ˵Ⱥеһˣ漴ͷذڰ֣صѵãöЯеĺ󱲲ǣ㲻㡭
㣿ȻԶָôӺδټ֣֮ǰй̶Ϊ¼ɣӦ̫Էȴﲻһʧ̹߰Ը̣ǲɫǴȵЦˣֱֵܲ˴ˡ
뺺ΪȻģתϥ¡ɽϵȺ򣬲һͬ˫ĵԭȥΡ
ʮСϴɳУٶʿרټڣԶ쳣庺ӵΪǿһ硣
Ƭ̣庺ѷɵ·ɽȵ֮СѰһƫƧڣһʯԼؾȻаࡣת˲֮䣬ðһӰ
֮󣬵ǲ伣˷ɽ·ϴɳصĽȻ塢ٸڵޣԴӵһæɡ
ò˼գ¿ɳҲ
ĺ¶Ųӡ·ɣסһ⣬޵֣ұۡ
ֵܳߣνǳԾߣ˲ݣ˭ұۣʿֶԤȳıһнյĴó棿
ЦȻͷȴǰһɴߣɵأţ·Ķ
ټɽ֮УһŰɫµϴɳأһʯ˼䣬侭׺ɣȻһĨݴԶŵʿڷ֮󣬽ؽƴˣմɾ塣أԶ򲻸ʿֻ̨ܵǰһܴͨ쳣׽ٲ׹ʹгĻ֣жĽʿ޹ҵȴ׼˸ˣʱգٽǧĵӴ
һʱ󣬰ߴлع̧ԶʯҷɵǿպƲֹֻаããѱ澿ϴɳصΪžȻûп˸֡
߻Ȼʧɾ֮УޱءЩ֣־ڴˡ˽ɾ֮󣬱뻪ҵʿɢ֮ܶϾˡʱҵĸָûϴɳأȥ
뺺ӲҪѯʣ΢΢죬æԸǰݱһ˲Ҵ⣬æһͬȥΣ̧ۿȥ
ͬʱǰɽȵİ֮УͻȻһâ֮ðһ׵Ӱ֫׳һͷҷ޷˫ü絶ǳķƻɡ
ǽ˵ģ뺺ӽڴ֮°ϲѡǲһ˭
һˣ
һ̨̤˲䣬㱻ؽƴԭءǰľٿһ䣬ѵɽ֮СܵΣֻ·еӰԼߵġϴɡֿ
ϴɳأ
һ΢̣λ䡣꣬ȥ΢΢һ١ˮһ㵴֮£ٶʿӰɢ߰ķԲ֮ڡһΪ֮أȻ塢λˡ
˹գô˴Ӻζ
һ˫üһ׿ɽȵܣлͫһ˸Ƭ֮¶һĨľζЦż¡δֱϴɳ֮У̤ƮŵѲ߮
ͬʱɽϵĻ뺺ŲӣԲһ˫ۣЩǵشСĪǴҡ˶ڣǡ֮ʣʵ˺֦ڡʹ֣нĵطʱֻµĻҶǿгͷ
߳·ԼӣΪȻ˵СӾ쳣ɻȴѰ·仰뺺ӵ˵ͷסЦһŴߵģĦȭƵ˵СҶɽ٣ȴ֪ͷֻ֮󣬹
һƶͷɽϵĶȻֻܽ˼ڽµ֮С
ٶˣԶһɴСĽȴ̧ͷĿ¶׹⡣Ǹ׵Ӱʵ̫ҡ
ǺǣһʵģҲӼûš
һһ֣ںһ䣬漴Ľ⣬ҡڵ̤ȥ˼֮ٴͣ£ȻתԶһСȺеһλߡԷͷԭûѪɫ


1033 ҹζ
ɽʡҹʱ֣ƻ֮СŨ̫֮ķӿɼ壬֫ٺ߲ϢǴ֮£һֱ֧ΪԪȴл
һѡֵܡԶɽ١ϲɺѽ
ʱ̫֮ѵãһԴ֮ˮʱ֮Уȴƶһӣ緢ѿ´䣬г׳֮ƣŷ
岢޹ᣬֵԼͬ޶⣡ǡǲȻҼ׼أ㲻ң׼ҵĳǰ
̫֮ӯ֮˲ͬΪصƣȻڲ֪ȬħʧȴܵΪһڡع磬̫˵ĳΪ
㡭ܲΪһ׮Сȥ׼ҰɣڽϣҷȰһ䣬ɵΪء
ϴɳصһУһλڿĵط˵ţν֮֮顣ŵһȴʼǷ겻˹ɫȻ˼ΪͬڼӺڵԲһԾֱڵСɡɡ
ֵ£ʧˣջתٲҶ˵ά֡Ϊ̬Ҫ뿪ԷӦй˼ɡԺ˴˶ˣֺα˺أ˵ˣûҵıǿ׼𡭡
ǺǣӡǡڴʱһһЦߣǸӣԼƣʶȤظ˹һ˸ʣĴҡ
ֵѣ֪кδͽ̡Ӹ¶Цݣȴתͣ
һϴɳ֮󣬱ŸƧĵطԹѰ˿ʯͷϥ¡ףֲŲæػԭµĵѥӣڵΪ仯Ҫȥɫ΢΢һֶ°ڣü߳ٲʵ˵ұ㽫ӳϴɳأ
һסһԷЦЦȴüɷƱˣһʱ֪룬ε㡭㼴£ĪǾͲ׼Լǰˡ
ǺǣˣһһƲɫв赭дؽ˵˴˵ĶԹرƨ£ʱ˵ҪǶû˭סţһԡ
ϲĺѸûӰǰ˵ĿáȻܶԶɽ٣вΪֶ֪Ρʱִ׼£ԿĻԼ
⡭ȻֵΪ˻˴˲ʵʵ˵һת֮£ӳˡЩ˵ˣӲͷƤ˵ҪȨƽ֮ٹĨǣȽһһʮ
Ϊ˶һķͷӵ˵һֱ飬ʷޱɾٽŲòؽڡͷշתѰҴʱײһˡۿϦŶԷἰһ䣬һæġ
ǻ֮Уʥڡ׾ٵץһʿʹһпࡣ˸ţ治һһΪξͽթ黫ԶԸأ˭̩轵ϤСӵ䡭
ʱĸΪһеġºԸ˵֪һϸޱɾֻ;һܡ˸ۣû˵һʵһ׼ѰڣĪ˵ֻ߼ҶҪꡭ
˵ˣŪĻ治ǸӵĶ֡ԷʿܼɻԣΪץסһʹһ棬ɼҵ˲Լǰæ
Ȼһ˱ޱ;һ£ټӦϣһͷ֮СյΡȴ⡭
δܼ֮ץסһȴ塣伱æֻޱɾԸԳض㵽׼ҵ¡ǵӶͶϱЧһʹ͡
ʱȥԭֻʣһһ
Ϥоǰǰһδѡﶲ뷭ɱˣһֶΰˡòϴɳ֮У¶
˵ˣҲһǴ϶ûˮڡǲȻꡣԡУִԲĪ޳
ѰĿɼ⼸ӰԶβʶȥ಻ϴɳеؽ̫֮Ȼ谭ʶ֮ܡ˵˴ʿ֪Щ˵Ĵڡ
ԼһȦǽܵο˸ϴɳУнٶλɽʿԲֻռĲڴɵľˡ塢ˣҪǿһһ󣬻ˡŰٸΪĸˣ޼ֺαڡ
һԶջ۹⿴ͷȥϴɳе̫һɶѡе̫֮Ũˮɱ˷ӿڣ֮иش֫ٺʹĸ̩
ϴɳأʵ˷ǣֺڡ
һڲĺ渧£ƲҷѻָɡֻֽƷǰꡣɫļϸͷǳһ΢΢֮£ǿӿƴ
ͷ£һս˫ȭɲ֮䣬һ΢˺𣬼ɫķ϶һţ֮ܵ΢΢һ
Σһü¶һĨ΢Ц
ΪʹáˮǴߣ̡Բ֮󣬡ѴС֮
ˣĽɫΪʵľУΪʺѪҲЩɫʣϼһĨ͡
һ˫ֽӡӲϸϸžı仯

ϴɳһɽϣվָ·һԵĽʥЦ˵Ǻǣ̶̵գµ˶޳塣ϴɳػǸõط
ֻϧ᲻ߣԺҪÿǧ걼һأߡʥأԶţ϶ֲʧ֡
ҡͷοʿо仰֪㳣֣糤㣡ǺǡԷֻתʾʱ
ʥ֪ȴ⣬ʵβʮչٶ֣ԱЩС桭
ڰ֣תŰ룬ڳ֪ģ˵̨ǰӦǰգĸȴʼղΪϴɳصشңԶ֮ʣֻԵɣ۾ĳȻţ
ʥ˵ͷԲš
£˵ЩСж֣δΪȥ˾ҹζ࣡
ʥءšһָ߼ĳΪȻ
Ըһȴ¶ĪһЦ漴·Ƭ̣ϴɳһӰζ


1034 ޼ɵ
̫֮ħڴѾõĸȪǼʲѣһĳǱز٣
չȥħΪֻǵ˳ڵԲ֮󣬽˷ɱĽŲ
ȴڳɾżǰͣ
һ⣬ĬĬ˼ò
²һͣԺڵΪǿжɽ٣ΥµӦΪ޹أȱһˮɵȻ
Ϊˣѱռȥ߳ɵĵطµȻΪԪСֻ֮һ⡢һѽǬһԪ飬ħȴӰ
һɷ׻𣬻дסк𣬲ɢһ˿ɲյǰϣΪǿ󣬻˼Ī֮
ǬԪ飬һϸСĽһ顣û仯ֻǵԾ
⣬ʶеߣԴӵɾһ㲻ͣǽɫߣ̺ļơ䲻ڰаŶɹ٣Ŵ壬ʹԼϴɳ°빦
еħ磬ȥ˺δ
ϴɳصһ鷽ʯ֮ϣϥһͷԼһ˫䡣ܵ΢΢ǿƼӿת˲ʧӰ١
һδȴ¶һĨ׽Ц⡣ֵ֮УһĹâħ磬ڽӿһСͬʱϵʯȦ֮Уֵ˷ֿܵ˴졣Ũ̫֮Ц
֮ǰھһ̣һʧʱشħʯȦȻ嵨һˮ㣬ĪԼˣ˵ˣһΪŴˣڸռ˵ʱϳԿأ
ħ֮УСڵɽܣѱȦһСĵطΪӿж龰ϲˡԴ˴̫֮νĲáֻǧڵгɣӦЩô
Ȧﴨ֮ƹͬԴ̫֮
һ̧ͷü͵͵æգǽߡǳ׼ϴɳе̫֮ӦԵ²ΪŨ
ʱ˿̣ڶʿδ
һܣ۹΢΢һ꣬ٿȻſӿʱӵļк㣬ϴɳرһ޴Ļڣ̺̫֮١
ϴɳһƫƧĽһȺӰӵϷ׷վ𣬺һͷðסԲһһǧɽ֮ϣԼҵλֻŴϾ·쳣
ͬʱѴʮյʿҲӾδȥãȻ֮СϴɳأԵǳһ롭
ڻҽ֮ʣһȴڻûʧħ̫֮ȴϴɳعеؽơ㣬д
һ̧ͷлͫ˸ɲǣէࡣ
ǰ󲻹һʱٲˮɣ
˴̫֮ãպĥһæеħ磬ܱӿڵʱΪ֮һת֮䣬һһȺ˴Ѱٶɫơܵʿܡ˲䣬˼ֵѣһٳɵޣΪҰ޼ɵ֮ѳɣȻŹ㣬Ҫ
ͻȻðڶ֣ʿΪȴֲԸ뿪ϴɳأֻøҾһ
ԶһȺУĸΪĿһѲᣬȻʯҲΨѪ֡
һٸɵһŽΪȴδͨԶԶ˵ľ磬ǿвڴˣȥûŲ·ĵز
̶̵֮Ȼһٸɵˡٶʿ֮УҲմΣԺܼȥ
ûгɾʿӦԼ¡
Ȼ֮䣬һ޼Щ˸ֵ룬עǰ
֮⣬һȺ뺷ӰֱײŽٽΣӦ⡣ǲȻЩһ͸ֱԼ
һΪȻһƲӱǽ֡תɫ˼˵ֻڵΪſԽ̫֮硣Լȴвͬ
ڴʱɽϵĽʥŤͷԶ꣬˫۴ӵ𣬳·ǻСӾһۣ֡תһԵļʾ˸˴ҵȻСģԷСѡ
ȥεĽʥɽȵϷɢ·һȺҲͬʱѰе
ϴɳصĵطô˶ʵʵŻáһȺײԴҡһȴأԶɣԱƽɱ޶ԣֻŽбţк⽥Ũ
׼ҵȺУЩؿŲԶһСһٸ׺޵ȺŹ֮£ǽĸҪɵ֡СΪλɵˣָȣȻڣȴû˭ϴɳ鷳ϳ֮⣬ʲô˵ʦڡ
⣬ʮǿ׳òĴ󺺱һƵس˹Ӱ´£ɱ졣
ϴɳеʿѶ㵽ܵĽȴȻԡ˭Ѱ
ǡڴʱһͻȻϳĹâǺ磬ʱֱȥɣһ٣ȻֱǧԶȻʧֻһƬѪâķ׵ʮʢȴؽһҲɫãȻ漴λԭתȦӡ̸ǰԶƵĻþ޴Ӱѡ
䲻ݻ֮ʣһ̧һֱۣϵĽȻһʮɵĽɫâڴɲǣһշҷĽâ֮ըƬƬɫ쭺ȥ
ꡢꡭһ󼱴ٵ˺֮УѪɽӺɣһãȻӰ̵״չֳƥѪ˲ѽʮųնɱ
һ֣һδɣԿξ֮ƺݺȺ֮С֮Ѫ쳣񱩵ɱƲɵһꡢꡱĶϴɳʮꡣ½ӿڶѺȻתԲ֪롣ǰֻûĽâȴѰֵټҪԶȴ޵ķʸҵشȺӵʩչֽš
һɱ֮Ѿãһڵʱ򣬴δйֵ벻̣Ī˵ԷһȺҪԼصˡҪɱ䣬ȴͻȻȺֳΰεض˳ƽеĽٻĺݺȥ漴һֱȴʮâХ¡
䡪
һŰϯ˷һزɣһͷϴɳϷ͵ϮֳͬӰǱֱӵɳȥ˱ʮɲվΡ
ɱ¾ĶǣѪȽϢҵʿҲȥըȺһӳϴɳءΪڶˣȴӷŵæԻָײкöıԣһȳ֡
һ֮󣬽ͷ漴Ȼ°̧ͷߣĸһﻹ͵Ϯȴ֪¶šƵ·ӣ֮಻ˡ̫֮Լʩչʵһ㡭
֮䣬һٶϮһ΢΢ݣסһڡôͬʱ֣Сúѵ֣ͻȺǡȻռˣݱһһҪǿƻȻ
ڴ˿̣ӰԶٽ׼ƽӭ˹ȥ


1035 ˼
һڣƵ֮£룬մּߣ˱˾ܣȡʤ̡֮ΣµľǰڿȥӲӲ˵ʱٿѹʼʩȻˡ
һҪܣͻȻͻɽѹľϢΣ
ǿһߡʮˣͽ֮ʵ˵Ϊȴٰͬʱ֮£һߡʮɱһǿ˲ѽϴɳؼеһ֡ơ
һâź˵ƼϮзͨһ׺ǳɱˡҪͷһֻһ٣ȴæңüĽɫӡ΢΢һ漴Ӱ¸֡һΣһ֮УܳϸСĺɫѷ졣ʯ֮䣬κʧԭء֮ɲǣһ쳹صľȻ𡪡
䡪
һߡʮâͬʱ£羪׶ɲǼضɽҡƼɣɷǾˣ
ֻδȥڣڶȴһɴ˫ۡǰϴɳнƷǱҳһɴСǳӣȴӰ
ڴʱȵɾͼ죬֮ͬ
ϴɳڵ˼æ̧ͷȥֻǧ֮ϵɽܣٶʿհŵһӰǷѵһֳֽ𽣣̬Զţ˽ʥλԵĵӡ
ʱڹȵףܱΧЩӸµʿƳ֣ҪԿһɣֲ÷ԸŽֵһٶ˽ڵٶһҲ֪㲻ȥˣһӽð˳
ʥûʿϣԶĶ漴ֲΪȻջ۹⣬תŲ˼ǸϤӰ꣬˱˴ӣеһλתһλǰ㵵ŲգڵΪ֮£ںڵ
һߺһ֮󣬶Խʥʲɷ񣬶鲻ԽػԶΪħǿ󲻱ضᣬֻǺԲĳʵΪ˿ƣ
ʮӰ⼸λʿӵšһСȺ˲δǰǸפ
һǰӰͶһƳſܣЩεƲƲǡʿɫ䱸ûԼԶԶ㿪Ҫ˿һ֡
ҵ˵컪ҵʿݵѪˡ
һѭȥļ˵ֻԷϴЦ⣬ȴȻغȵմҶʮλӵѪҲĳˡ㲻ݣͬ˽ҶԹ޹ء޹ء
ǺǣˡһɹȻһЦ߳ȼΪ컪ҵʿ˵ԺηùеĽָ·߳ʵⲻΪҪϴɳء
һæһԵĽʥԼܵ˵ͷȥϴɳؾȻɺԼףһʯӣǽ岻ﻹɼ󡣶ǵݵ̫֮ɢ١
ˣٶûгɾ塣״ʥʱˣ̧ͷŭȵס
һ°һ˦粽õؼǣǰйϣĻңٸ޷ˣߡͱˣҲûţһڰԶꡣ
Ƥ鴤£۹⿴ܵڶʿεҵȵһִɾƾޱͨΪ˵աǿʶãʥȴûģ׺ݵغҪıȻ
Ȼءһ۹бֵĽһâ²ƣȻҪһս
أǺǡʥδȻЦʿϹۣԶλҲҽǰΨǰСӻڴԲѡ˦ƵһȻҶԹ˶ϡʾ⣬һٵӰͻȻϴɳаεض
ͬʱһЦһ˵ǺǣĳϾ㣬ٻᡭ˴һƳʱѴԭʧȥӰ
ӡʥʱһĶȴ١⧲֮£ɵôŭڵشյˣȴԶɫãȻûأȥĶˣ
ЦݽϣֲͬСթƻΪ֮󣬸ӵԶԸȻعæкɾ֮УӲ׷ʥҪת˫˫׹ֱ£תϴɳ֮СѭŴĵʾ⣬ΧŵһǰΪǰҡ
ϴɳĿȫǣȴһ۵ӡ뵶һȪӿָ֮ۡǰԭ״ûǧǲˡζ̫֮δɺԣ˵ɰŵӼ塭
ӰеĽʥ飬ָǰߵӷԸȸʮ»˵汾׷Сӡٴϣһ˫ۣŵسķϴɳΪУšвߣ컪ΪУΪУؽ֮ߺߡһ֮һӣżһʮ˺Хȥ
һʱϴɳأڰ
ʮİ֮УĿ֮ٴ˽ΨڶĬĬڶӰȥķ˼ҫ۶ĿĽ⣬޵еţȻˣЦɫĪĻһƳǰ
ϴɳ̨Զ·;Сϵ˴Ȼȥա
ɾ֮УԵλ塢ٸˣ
ʦֻעȴ塣ǲмԣڶɸ֣ԳưһΪΪ
ǸһڵطǳĶ޼Ҳ˵ֵ˸Ϊ׺塣常Ӽ޺ˣڿΪ֮ʡԵɣ
˵һĶԹҲԵʣɽʱ죬֮ɾ壬ǿΧиɾնɱʮˣ㲻ٽ˸е⣡ԣתߣɼ³ç֮Ƶ̬Ϊƻĵ޲Ƿǳ
ֻһΪҪǿҵС޺ӣܴǰΣ㻹ҵļҴ
˴Ӳɵ΢΢ǣǳ֣޵ɫΪˡˮУȴ͸һ˿ִš䲻ٳɣһɲɲǻһǼ۶ȥ
Ȼ֮£˽ӣǻײУֻա
˸űԹӰΪβĳͬС
գ֮䣬Ƿޡ
ݷȻ桭
ˣ˴ǵزңԶȽϴɳز鿴һ׷ȥ١
֣ϴɳ䣬ǰΪû
ȡȣǸƽãΪҲðν˼Դȡ


1036 Ҫ
ϴɳأһʯ֮У뵶˿˿Ƶ̫֮šŲٶޣһ͸ŷ̰ΨִʧԵڴ֮⣬ʮڶԶķ紵ݶ޲׶ģ
һȺͻһȺǡ˸ҿ벽ٶײбļһԻſ졢ӶȺ֮
ϴɳһɽ֮ϣһȺʿеĬĬ֮Ϊεҡҡͷת˱𴦡
׼ƽ֮⣬ҵʿҵѷ׷ȥȻԸ巢ִԷǿ󵹲£¾½Ĳ밡Ƕ༸һ˭ڴ˲أ
Ǹص򲢲˾ȴྶ֪ͥĳЩûŪɳ׾β󲻵
һѲǸСһ֮ޣַưɱʮ֮ﳤȥԼҲμ穰뵱ֺ꣬¹˭
ֻ֪Ǹɫ֮ͽԵλ׷ȥأǻԼУֵΡ
޼ҵĶɽʿг߲°λѾǰǵءµĶʮ͵ػת
۹ǰһߵϣ΢΢һЦ˵ӲҲԸԳ𣿡ԷƮƮӤʮһɵĵУȴɫεغһȻص׼λǰĺ񰮡ңǺǡ
ӽйһһϤת棬ǲСĹ͡׼ȴϲһĺ֮ɽֻΪ˵һŵˡ˵ͷ˵ʲôתԶƽƽҵһʿǰֺ֮õ˵׼޼Բ㣬ġʮλ˸һǺǡ
׼ҵԶɽٵ塢ʮˣռȥ˰˳ɣʮֻ밲պΪѡƽҵԼ£Ǳ˴ֵҲսǿ޼ҡһڵʿθɣ
Ƴ۸ӣɷصȻһЦתʮƽкǸƽã˵һ룬ֹݵһԷûаǧҲһȴСŮƵġţߣľ
ƽΪⲻһĵǽһѯصһСŵöȺȻȻЦ֣кηԸ
ԸɲҵǺǣ˵ض棬Ÿ·ΣĨ˰ѴϵĵףѶݡ
ƽ´۹͸֮⣬Ӧǵ˱ؾ֮ΪУ粻ԡǸɴ࣬׳ԼҴȱҼǰСµӻתɽţбչء
Ҳմ˷ԸҪ֮ʣƽ޵֣òʡ鲻סֹ
ǺǣˡԷ˵꣬Цǫѷذڰ֣תߵģŽϴɳء˵˼Դȣȴĳķۡ
ǫˣƽֵľһļַɡ


ۣڹ¶طš
ǰǻؼҵ·Ǻ޼ʵİ֮Уǹ㡢į
ȥֻһĨޡнԶ
֮ڣһʿǴظӵˡʱʮˣʱֻʣʮλѵİλ֮⣬ֻиһޱɾ
һӣ˷ɲѣνԵǳһһ壬޷Ǳ˴˵ıо¡һһǰһΪĿĶֶΣִͬڣѵ;ͬ飿ɼ֮£޹ǡͬģֻһ߷
̻ŭţɲǷ̣ǧꡭ
֮£ޱɾڷɿȥڵȻڻ·һȻֻ׷ļѣᵽʱĲΡһĨѽʧѤȴͷò𡣴ٴѰ٣̻֮䣬ٿѹǧꡣ
Ӹ̾һ֮ת£԰ϵΪʼˣת֮ʣҵȵĳͷ֮ա
˷׷׵ͷͣһУԼįǻڽ˸
۱ԶҷĺδɢһӰӰиֳ
һλòߣɫĮȻԲ޶ԣַŻҰ׵ĳ룬Ị̆׺ֹǧꡭޱɾķ򵭵һƳ˼תɢʶ޵ľͷ
֮䣬嫵ǿվ۵סǽʮ򣬻ĪľֻΪ֪ĵط߽ԴҴһӶֻǶԲŽԶȥޱɾԼӳɣ漴̧ǰ̤ȥɲǣӰʧƬգƴδֹ

һҿջͥԺУá
£һӴϾѹ죬ʧ˭
һԵŮɽ˼еĲͷϣͷҲ̧ԹյģĪײ˲ɣ
ҡҡͷǺһЦ˵ôöģǹʲô
Ů΢΢һеĲͷͷ仨һ룬һȡԻ£̧ͷ˵ԣҶǶ˹
ǺǺһЦˡ
ŮȴӰҪˣˣ
Ӳɹѡδ꣬ϵЦûˡ


ɳ֮УһȻּͣæܡһ޴ʯͷıǼ⻮漴׹޶ʧӰ١Ҷһ٣ǺХµĻ̴棬ľս
˲䣬һԲסһǰһƬ޺İ֮УȻ鲼׹ĴСʯҷŵĵ⣬һܼȴڰ;мȻû
Ƿ׹У
һԲȻͻȻɫһ䣬һ˳ȥڵĵطٴκХһ⡣ǿʮɴСʯȥͣȴڲâ֮ٿȻʧ
״һлͫ˸ͷ治ѡµԶһƬޱ޼ʵİա̣ĪǾ޴ʯУûС
ǵأ
ϡͿ֮£Ȼһͷǵأ
һͻȻ򣬽סһ󰵰ҡϴɳطɶݶֻŰѽʥһϾ롣Ƕܼʱֻ³ϰ
ǵأʵ
һͷĶ϶һöƬ֮εҡҡͷµͼҲ̫ԣϴɳضѰĪ˵µķ˴˵Զˡɾöͼûô

һ͵غƳȥʮɣżʱ֮֡ǰпࡣǺã
ͷǴʯ׹ɱ󣬽µ쳣ǰȥΣķֹһ֮أֱҪĴ̣
顪

ڴʱĶĲҺ
һתסüб
ʮ⣬һӰŽһ·ʧԶðһδӰлнʥ


1037 綯
ǰһ׷ˣ
ޱɾͬһƹ޼ʣǵҴһǰˣβ֮£һҳײ׷⡣ֻȴΪʥ޼ɵе⡣Է޷죬ѣ
ɻͷһ㱻һһߡԶһǱļһΪȻҡҡͷ
ɾɾٵĹɾɾһ·ĴɱɱǰС˭µޱɾˣ⣡
֮أҵľûܷͬ׹ĲʯͬһûǷɻʹǰһʱԺΧһֻҪײ˭˭
׷ʱ;жһʣͷϸֻ꣬ǹ۵ķ羰ŲʧΪįеǲ
һһ£𡣲֪ΪΣԴ̤ޱɾ֮йȥǰĽС΢ķ־ûйȥĿֻУĪҲӡ
Ƭ֮Զðһ塢ʮӰȫûЯڶڣֻǻ֮һĪ
һָվס
ʥŽعѽʮǸӰסϲֿ֮⣬סкԶļڳԸֻͷУɱݡ
һóϽ«ͷ͹һڡ棬ɹȻЦĳڴ˴ֹ
ʥһɣȴһ֮͡ǰĶһûռñˣǱ˴׽ɱԼδõСӡб׺ݣתֳǰȵҪҵҹȥ
֮Уûû˵ʯǣԼХֱµĵ⣬νƺƴǳΣȴԨաнʥİзԸһ塢ʮȻçײֻڶ֮мǰǳ׼뽫һΧ
һֹ˿ھƣŲŲæϽ«ηηûԳ԰գֳһʶͷĶ̧ǰȥת֮ʣüĵӡ۲δ֣ȴһߵĽɫ
ʥһϵֻóʾ⡣ڶ˵ӼӿΣȲ׷ǰ
ص谭Ƭ֮󣬽ʥоյظϵһڵĵط˴˼ȴδ˽ӽ١һٶӣϡϡʮԶȫƿԡҲǣô˼һֻаʯͷԴ³
մȥ׷Сӡʥɫ˵ͷȻлһŵæܡڴɲǣֻáһоʯ׹£֮ĳ˵
ʥֹ¡һޱ߼ʵİ֮УâŽէ漴ֻ׹ǣ纣һ㣬գۼӰѰʲſա
ǺǣҪСġ
ֻʥŭ̧ۿȥ
һʮ֮⣬Цʾ£ǰһԸýǰȥֽһкη
ʥһŻˡԼηɱ׹֮ʩչֽţСڵΪͨ죬⣬Ҫڳ󱲿ЦԶ٣ȴﳤ̣ܶ˾⣬ΪβԼǰȥֽ̡
ܶòԹɫԽʥƢָơʥð׹⣬Ըֻ֮Ӵ˵һ
ʥźɿһۼɫתתǰȴٴηŭǸҪ֮ˣͷҲصڷɻдУԶסȵһûû󱲡仰û䣬ԷͻȻʮ֮ͣ׿һ
ʥͷһ漴ת׿ֵĲԶ֮⣬һǷ׹˲䣬ƾðһɫҴҵİӰǸŮӣ򷽣
Զڶ˽Լ⣬һʱĿתû޵Ůӣû˳ȾӣΪˣǡǡ
ʥмֶԣɻ󲻽⣬ȴй˼ɣæԶĶǰŮӶδǰСȥһһᣬ
ͬʱ͸Źл˵գֺαֻ׷ء
ΣɫһĿ˽ʥԷ⣬һ˫ֱתơ
رĪ⣬ǻɺ磬ǰӰĶʱٶ꣬˶ԼһʹһϣһʱԳ֡
˵գȴǰޱıؾ֮;סκһʿĽŲֻ׷ɾ֮УӦû˸ð¹ؼҴĻᣬ˴ֻ͡
ʮɫӽһ٣ͷûɵһңü΢ѵӣ
һ벻ӻ׷һĻǿϤ˶ȴ͸Щİ̾ɴº͵Ŀǣ˵ʱ̤ųӺߵѳ޼ŮС۷ꣻǧɺƣ˴ٴط꣬㡭Ȼ㡭һ٣пֵӣкηء
͸׹ǣһס͸ŲɣȴֱĻȴȻĶ˵ЩʲôѽΪһ䶼۹΢΢ǣ漴ִŵҡӣΪһᡭ
һ̾ϢԶתֻһѣжŭ⡪
ӣСˡ

ֻʧ񣬱ѻȻתŷʮ˴Һ󷽳˹ʱ˪߳ԷһɫƣҪΪʱ˴ɣһ׳һһ˸ǰͬʱ֡
顢顢顪
͵Ϯâ׳һٿɱ˶׺쳣֮䣬üޣѲӶ롣Ȼ裬ǰ漴һ󼱴ٵ
ǰƵƮȴһ᲻ɴݵıݣʱסϮ֮ơâһȻɳȴΪãסȴԵĵ飬ܵڣѶʮĿļһ
ȾΪУ󵨡
ŭ֮£ǰ覵һ˿죬ֱ̧һ٣ŵǹ֮ƾնٿ֮СȻһǿΧ޾ɫȻƻȻɣ
֣ʥЦݣȴֺشǸŮӡһʵǸʲôطΪû˵㷽ʩչͨΪףɷɡһ룬˵Сӽϵıҵȱ飬ھ֪߲
ʶ˵޳סҪŭ߳ȴԶ˵һ˻䶯ڣ綯֡
ʥȻסʮ⣬ǸӰȻվԭأѪȴֻǶڡδ֡˷ȡЦ˫˫ɫһ䡭


1038 ҶϺ
ʥ뷨ʵܼ򵥡
ֻŲһԶȥŻΧ֮ĴֵԼǿΪƾɣнָտɴ
ʱ򣬻ͷжԶԶ
ʥʿڼļȻǶ˼ֶΡͷһ޷ܹ֮ơֻ˫һٶӳûΧȥ
һȻϵΪǣȴ֪Էʱ߽ǴıơѪȷһģȻ۹΢֪ǣǼ˿Ტۡ
˭һλӣʹһת
Ϊ;˴ϾȻΪһСһӣЩǶܿй
ºˣץסӣһԶȥҪЮ֮£һԿԸԳ
Ҫ˵ˣסأ֮أ⣬ֻ֮Ҫͷķɻǣ׾ٵؽ£
²ɣֻ¶ĥŮȻͨϾͷվ뵽Χ֮У
һб˰ˣѲûӰĪҵִݻ
ʱ˿̣ʮѽ﷽ԲĵطΧ½ƽټͷ׹յأ޵еǲӣ
ʥΪüƣȴתûκεףԶͻȻƿմڳһӰ޲Ʒɱٿ
֮Ȼ͵ϮĪ˵Ӧԣۻҡͻ׺ݹƣʹȻ֮£ʥֻű˶ܡδԶļȻҺһ㵹˳ȥ
ǳԼģʥԭأֱżӰ׷żȥϣλֵ׶༪١
գ֮䣬һʯŻ㽫ա˭Ͻűǡ顱׷ӰǡײǣȥȻһ٣ʹǵеӰһ١
״ʥûüΪĴѲңʯ֮䣬ӰȻأ֮࣬һʮɳ޲ݼצ
ǺˡʥȻѣԲȻŭ͵Ϯʶ֮ȴٶԷټȥҪԴ˭ǱڴˣĴ˲룬æˣ˫ȭӶ֮ʣԸ֡
ڴɲǣʥ˫ȭӶ֮䣬һ˺ڵǿƺХ׺ݵӭϮӰͨǧʮצԲԸԶڶѴãȻлع֡
ԾʮԹۣʲŶֵ˭һٶɵĺ֮£ȻɸҲҪ˱ᡭ
ͬʱʮâɱգ˷Ӱէǡө裬ԣֻʥͨΪһ㽫ػ
֮⣬ٺļվΣסſһѪǱ֮У˲Լҵƣ־ֺޣܻ˻𣺡Сӵķҵ׷ػġ
ͨŰǷ׹ݣŵӰҴܣټϴ̶ĺһǵȻһšʮˣ˱˫ɫԼͬŻԴδɣָ˭ʱ
ͷǧ֮ӰȻʧ֮ɲǣһģһһһǰĲԶƳǣ̬ȻȴºͿʾ

ӻȻδӦǧ֮ʮâת򼲱ƽһȺʱ֡
ߡ
һ۹Ҵһӣһ֮Ȼת͵ػӶ˫ȭķȥǰʧӰ֮ȻǵߵӰһӰ˲䣬ǰߵӰٿΪһ壬ٲȻһʮɵɫ֣ɷ䲻צߣǷ趯
ɲǣһâϮһ˫üб˰ǰٴһȭȵơ
ΣͷľȻըűǡһܵٲ纮ƬƬѣʱֳɫķ϶ӿȥһĺǬߵϮķ֮ͨûɵĹ֮СΣǵżַ·𡭡
ϢĹΣȻתӰսʧһ̣һȻǰ̤ȥʮɣȴû˻һƳ
Ǿ䡰ӱȻȻظǰкιڣкγɼһⶼɣΪ̨ʱȻֶΣ˭һȺɣȻ˵СʲĿ֮£һգνɶɡ֮ȴֲ֮ƽ˶ֵǿΧ̾ΪֹԾɷ֮죬ˡ
˻ףæ۹ԷתǰȥֽסǸɫıӰͦΣԼȡ
ʥڷ׹֮ͣɫ㬶ֺɲԶЩˣͬĿ㵡ŵĺΧ֮£ɸҲסɲͽ޹˶˷
ԶԶڴŴϹ߳Цѽɥơ۹ȴǺ⣬ԲʵգŲͣһӼæ˻˵ͨΪСӳʼö;ãҵȶ֮ʱʧ
һǰ˰ٶԶʥڶһʱ֮֮䣬˱ͻΧ˭ڴʱĻɵһ
Ǹνˡ󣡶ƶˣԼҪʹɱֵԵɡ˵²²
ǰ˺úһʷӱǡʱ
֮ɣ֮ʩչĺΪʲŵοɣȴ쳣Ȳ֮£ֻ̫֮ǿг֡Ⱥȴһٶ
̫֮֮ףв֪ԺɡԼħ֮һϴɳءû˺֮ǣڽΪֳΪ˼ев֪Զյ˵кβͬ
ǰ󲻹תĹ򣬽ʥȻǴ
һ۹бϾ룬һҶϺ󡭡
ӽһ٣ȴӭһ˫峺ŵ̲סѯʣּǰͻȻһƬ⡣ȥʮһĽд˷֮£ʱûϮţȥ͵Ϯ֮ݣٲȻһ̹;
СҪӣסĺ
ʥȻĿ¶׹⣬ͷ˺بյǵ콣⡣ļ漴֣ٴκȻҡ
ӴǰԶǵõĽתֿһԵӰԷΪԱ˫ֶɫ̹Ȼǣǳ֣΢΢׳£һšһ


1039 
ʮԶĶ̶·̣ɶ֮£ת
δȣæתȥɻĽâ衣Ŀ֮У⼸ǣ˲
ԶǻɫӰûܼķ֮¡
Ȼ֮Уס
֮⣬˱˫ĬĬԶֻü𡢺ڡҶǳǳӡǣйâ΢΢ȥΪ졣ͷûҵĺڷȻ䵭ɫįԶ
һ㡭
ʺһȴֲ֪οڡķǷްЩʲôʱΪ뵱̫һ
һһ˿ٿֲת֮ʣɫůǵɱ콣һһšԴԽһգܷԽٶʱ⣬ǰ
ӡ
۹ǰ覵ĽϣһĻؿڣһʱԳѹ̫ãһͷ㼤ݡԷһ˫֮УȻ͸İ£Ż˵㡭
֪ΪΣӵһһ͸Ź죬ȴжԻرܡɲ֮䣬ӵɫɹһĨϼ죬漴׵ʹҧ촽ջطãֻΪ԰գûյޣȻ͸żСִš
һǰ˶
᣿ǻ֣нյطꣿٳɴԵĲǱˣǸĺơһж϶֮С
ĬȻƬ̣һָ˳̬ҡҡͷįһЦοѽͣὫΪУԺԻỹ㣡
ҼҴ֮̧ͷһϵ߳ȴһĪŭ䰵ǿ򶨣漴һʾ˴˵ĹַԷ۹޴ڡ
һӰڳǧ֮ģΪ֮ǡûκεЦеĿɬЩܰ
Яֲ硢빲ȴԷһһЦԸĹذ˴˴Ҵİ·黳δԶһ̳ƣµĳĴŨҡ֮ĬгʹȻΨʧȥʱ򣬲Ŷ󡭡
֮òûΪ˲ͬ˵յǸŮޣ˿չ׿ȻյľӣڳȻ֮У˼ִɫġߵЦݣɽмƣ£ٲˮеѩƣӴƣĶ˼ĳص棻ȻеִţĹȥ
һʧתüһԶ˵ǰݣҲòԴƬ̡
ʮ֮⣬һ塢ʮ˻㼯һ˴ҷֿȻǲϰݡǼΪߵģȴȭߣƲᣬڣֻǵӱСˣɴȺзʩ
Ӱ⡣Ⱥױ壬˶ڡʱûԶȥָη
һ˵ֵ̧üġӡٴ΢΢͹ԣ漴һһâɳգ֮䣬ӰġԶͬҷֿ˫˫վеħֱӴһɻȴɷǹ쾪ˡǶһѽ𽣣ΪƽɱȻ

ǰһǿƲɵ˭һʱʧʹúΧ֮һգ
˴Ϊ죬ȴʹ˼ʹ֮ĥá
ǸһıһԣʵѱķѶԸΨнΧܴ󹦸ɡ
ԼӼƽ֮󣬼ʥʾ⡣Լҵַȥֱؽ֧究ԼˡֻҪСΧ죡
˭ж㱻Էʶơ
͸Ⱥ׹ϢǣͻȻһֳֽ𽣵Ӱʱͷ֫ٺٴʹϵðסȥ·ģСӵ޷ײҰ
Լҵȴǰڵ塢ʮӵܸͣ²
µش˿̧ʾ˶СġĪ⣬£
ԶĽʥһͬ˵סȥ·ȴǲΪȻԸҼǰֻСӵķɳ׷ȥ

ʮһ֮У˫һٶ˰ڿơһıӾǰħҷֿԶĴȺи֡
һƵüʱֹסơ
ħԵĽʥȴ˶ڼǰƬ̣ڷɻжһٶӰȻǧ֮⡣
ͬʱһֱ׶ħͻȻааһЦ̧һָٿȻðһɭȻƻ䶯ͣһŵơ
ɵһ˲䣬ĵƻΪһ壬ħȻּ֮ɲǣը죬һˮͰϸ׻Ȼֱ֮ǧ֮ļӰݺȥ
ʥһħɫ쳣ⰵǵõСӵħ޾޸ܲһ㣬Ϊ֮ʩչֻͨ¸ӵ
޸ûţֻһ׷
ʥΪȻغһԷ࿹ȴͷһ
һѰ׷Ϊδٲлɱ⡭
ߣΪ֮⣬ɱ³ԽթԷ֮
ʥ֮гһ治һвæȵ˺󡭡仰δ䣬˲÷׹ǣ˳ȥҵļԳɣ˴ͷ

էҫ۵ĻѺХ¡
һ˶ܲǿг赲䡪һ֮У׹Ľͨ뻤巨ȴ޴󰭡δңһŻɣգۻɻҽС

һ˲Žһ˻Ų·֮±˸šֻüһҺ˲ʧ·֮С
Ϣ֮䣬ͬ顣ʥŵİٶλӵŵòǰ䱾˺ʮɲסΣ׹£ܻسǰһѰ׷Եο֮Ǻͨ
һħ𽫴һ˦һƲ˵ɷףרԸëҪҪԣ
ҡ
ʥĺ붼һ˫ŭбëøƣ׻Ϊʥҽ𻢲޲ֺԷΪʥȴ裬޿̡
ʿо仰̵һʱɾһĪмƣС˳ҵֻ֡ǵأСƾѡ²
ڽʥҧгƴʱһļæѡһʲ£һغһ޺СӣҾмơ
һħʥðǲɵ¶һĨаЦԷŹ֣΢΢һ漴Ȼμ֮УӣҪûʵĽڣﻹͻʮһҲ۹бԶļ޳ңңʾ⣬ת˰̤ǰ·
һӶšʥķȴƽϡѵϬЯ󲽲ơԷߵÿ죬һиÿ졣Է·֮Ȼ
ͬʱһ뱾ҲתֻҪһﲻռˣһʱᣬֻ˼ԡ


1040 ֪
ӵ۹⻹ԶҵӰ첻ѡ
˲ԶŴ˵еħһ壬ɷѱȴ졣ֻҪ𡣼⣬ȻԴ汾ȥΪΪǿ
꣬е֣ɷˣֺһ١̯ŵâƷٿȻʧڰ֮вӰȻòˡתֵһڡ
һפȺ֮ʣϵʯȦ֮˾ӵЦµΪеģ޵вǱ£ľԲɾɵ𣬲ұΪҵһա
Ȧ֮УΪޡϻضԸԼۣʱ˺ĳڡֵѺԲճΪӦòѡ߾Ტۡ
ԼΪȷ˵һ̤˾֮󣬺主ˮѳɺƵ֮ƣǷͨԵУԸӵշ硣Ǹ˶Ϊɵ»ס
ʱϾ򾳽Ϊһ˼һûʵϵҽǰλŮӣ
Ѿãò˵£ȴתһܲʹȻصֵ֮䣬̸Ůˣ
ŮʲôΪֵܡһ㵣ʵһǰˣȻֵܣҲˣֻͷɻѯһ˲ͷ
Ȼ˵ֵ㣬ŮǳԵ㶼˵ʲô쳾
ƨһһ߳ҲŮӣָóΪ˭ҵҪ֪üŮҲдɷ򣡡
ĿãҹǧɽҰüŮ貨ŮӣһΪƢԼΪӰ֡ݬ룬һԸ֮
ʱȻŭСӸҡ
ĸԵ㣿һͱˣʵ֮ǷǣŮ۹ѵ˵𣿡
һ󴵺ӵۣƬ̣һڣ˵ҶļһǲãЩʱɽܵġԲޣԹ˭˭
ף˭ڷ飿ԵסųԶҪԿһæɻֻ㣬ϵӡ
˵ƨ£ǳײˣûǺһֱ֮׳µʲô갡ưģ֪ߡ뿪ڵĵطȦֵܺȵҶï˵
һ˵ԣһΡŴǹལһأֻõһ䡣ҪǲԸڣһֶ˲ˣ˵һˣ֪⾳
ʱſϽ᣿ǡڴʱ׷һ䡣
һĬȻƬ̣ȻԻ˻񣬻ͷԶΣתɻ˵ҷϺǰ޻ɳã롭ʾһ£˦ӱ󣬾ٲǰ
ͷĶƮȻƶ˴ԶǲͬСδȥסٴγʻ㡭
һ²ͣɫ糣תºЦʵ㷽˵в֪Ϊɷ
Ӽһ̹ϣü΢£صȻɷڣ߷Ϊͨ۹һֵ㱾Ϊѱǳȴв硭
Ǻǣֵܱǿˡһ˵ͷȴ˵̵ֽɷڣν⣿
Ҫǻᣬȴܶҧ촽Ӵɷ޴ڣ
ɷΪ޴ڣ÷ţáһ˼תֵûۼʩչɷͨΪź
Ǿ仰˼ʦо಻ˡɫת䣬˵ҴӲɷֻԸˣ
ʦΪβɷڣǷͨĸ𡭡һ⡣
һ٣϶һ㺮˪߳񣡡
һɫһţæǸȻð黳˵ţ̧һʾ£ȴֽס̾һǰܷϽڴһ١һн֮ǰֻ˵仰ѡ
һóһᣬԼļҴ֮֣֪ΪλȻ֮ţɫתͷûɵһ˵ʦΪ˼Ҳɷе˵ģұĵ伮෨š
ҲΪʦͲýеĺöӡȥĶ˷ūһӾȹǸʥŮ̫ģίӣ
һΪӰʱ򣬶Է۹ȴϡȻδ򿪻ᣬ۳Ŷɫꡣ
黹ᣬֺαأ㣬Ī˵ҷŲ㣬޼Ҳưոݡ
һᣬ¶һĨЦŲֻΪ˼Ҵ޼ҵĳⰡ
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⻭һŮңһŮĺƣ֪ð£ȴ޺ɱˡһ٣ֵĺǰ»Ϊ𣡹ʶҲŽƵ޺Ӵˡ
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һֻԼ֮УƻصǸĺƵʱεس£˵ɱģǺڰ׷˫ۣοʵˣ㲻ţָǺã޺޼ҡ
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Ӱ಻סһ˵ۣҼҴ֮ݵٺ
ȻǺҲѵһأһ֮į飬Թ˽ŵٶǰһɾĶ֮УõᣡǶһһŻֱԻĪأĪ롭˴˼Զȥ֮Զ̣˼Ī飬ǧءĪأĪ롭
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ӦһŮӵߣĪأĪ룬ݹ棬Խ繡
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1041 ο
չ׵һӰٷȴĿԶһֻ׺
ܶ˶˵ӾԼԼȴףʵˡ
ÿԻʱܾйе˶Լһǣ޼Ѱֻһֻþֻ˴˵ò
常ӲʻʦȴԼɽš
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ʮ֮⣬һٿȻ䡣ǴҴҵķɻһĨޣԹֶݣһʱȴա
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֮Уɺӳ֮£ǰӰˡɫȴΪ֮һֹ΢΢Цŵ˵ͷ
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һ˵ҵ֮ұ常հʦ¡ΪҼΨһ񡭡һתŲԶһʵٶǰںη㲻ҵͬһɽϲҩɡ
Щò˵˵Ըף
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ٶǰңԶ½硣ʱֻһʿһ˼֮һ˵
üͷɵ½磿ƫԶ֮أһı壡㷽֪ſڴƻơ
Ϊɵ棬Ψһ֮壿˵ФŮǧ׿֤ʵдҽ֮һŮӣʷѣ뻭һͬʧ֮УΪξͲܺڽ򣿡һɫʡ
΢㵣ʧһᣬȻԶɵ֣֮ǧֺڣ㡭
šǲţɣȫһ֮䣡ǧñǻеİ׺תһǰԹ˻˵
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ָתֻأˣеľѪѲڡȷΪеɺϣɶۣĪǰֻǰ
һ˵ˣؿ˫΢ĳѹܲ˶ԴֻΪļ֡Ҫֵģʲô
ǺǣһֻǰҺˡ
һЦһ۹пɬŨԹ˵֮ʣ»ؽҴˡ
һ٣һϽ«һûˣ漴ȴֶһ̳ץƴ͹ľˮһͷһ
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Ͼʱ֣⻭еİ׺ͷһ΢յӡǣд֮á
һ仰û˵ꡣһԻݡǷĻΪ˽յӣ䱾ȥ
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һ㾫Ѫ֮УһʶӡǡϣֻΪ繲룡
֮УмݱƺڣֻһֱļиٴοͦεıӰԼ˲ͬϤ֮Уֻȥп֮׷ġ
Сġ
һǰб䣬ͷ


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Ϊǰĳٻ
ӵ۹ҴһƳæֿǰɫ΢㵣
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ת֮䣬ΪһȻ׹䣬һ·ա
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Ǻͺϣƻͨа֮ɻ֮УǾʹ˳ȥ
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һѭת
֮⣬޵ӣ¶СŮҲеãȻ
һͷһůЦ˵ͷ⣬̨ǰ׻ԭСٹ㲼ʿֻܷԲɶɣ
۹һԷɫͶԶæǰԻУǳ֡ת֮˵ʹš¿һ޶⡣
ӰһԹ˷˵ǵطԲɹ߸ޱҵȡ
Զ֮⣬һĬĬӵһһǴ΢΢Цݣ۹ζ
ǼеϤڽԶȥʶܰȴʱʱ֡
ÿÿȻԻҺϱӾʶ˾ǾǴʱ˿̣
ңԼûϴ㡣㣬ǷйһɲĻ㱼䡭
⣬էβнʥһںǰأദǰԼ⡣
һܴ֮ƾշ׹Ƿֶּߡ˵Ļ˵ˣΣĲԼ˵㣡
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뵽˴һ˵ʩչѰĶݷ·޴󰭣䣬ָһüġԶħƾʧȻع鱾䲻ʥ˵궯Ŀ֮εȥ漴һڰ
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ƲȥӻȻ䲻ӰȴȻܸ֪ԷĴڡǷеľѪӡΪ֮ڡѪ֮ͬˡǸ
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ӳ裬һϮɴ꣬ӰΪһƬȡ֮ڰ֮䲻˵ƣҴӹΪ伮Ц󷽡
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ͨݷСʶԴСţա
˵Դ
һԭҲԴ֮Ӳ򣬵áҪڣзʼ

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ӲŹǣɼط񡭡
ҲԴҪ壬ڼʦָ㡣˼䲻ɷȴƣ֮㣬֮桭

һĬȻǰУһƬ죬ӯӯ˱ܹһ׹ǣԶȥ

ףŮˡ
ʮ֮⣬ƲȺӰ޴룬һС
ߵˣʩչķѰڴ˼·Ϊ硣˶ڣ츳ͨȴ첻һǷӵϣֻͷϵķɻʯ鰡
ݵûң֣¸Ǻáʥʱһƾԡ
ҵȺֳͣӰԽڶǰϧ²µۣЩӲЦݳԶһڣ۹˵ʼСһæŸ·ҵֺηѰǰأȡȡ
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Ҳ˵̼䣬εس塢ʮ˰˰֡˲䣬ͣȥ
֮⣬ðһٶӰΪ׵һһŮƣȻԽĸ֡һǰȻ޳ǵظеĻҡ
ʥҲ⵽ȺʿȴȻϡͷһХķ֮ɲǣѲ֮ȴо޵Ӱһһͷ೤Ľëͻãɷǳٿһ±Զ
״δЧ£һԼǰСԷһͷݵķӰϥϣмɵ˵ģ
ͬʱȺζ죬ʩչͨڷ׹֮ػضűǰ
һٶʿȻԶΪ׵һһŮƽŵģҵӵܡ
һ͵ӰԶȥƽԵβ˴
̧ͷԶڴѡʶΪɻ赲һʱѰǵӰˣڶ׷ɱһҲ֪ȥ
Ƭ֮εҡҡͷſһԵƽȴݵػصȺ޳ٴ˵أóȻ֮£Ѱݾ飬ŴϵĵףֵӦþǰĲԶҵ׷ȥ˵ţΪѵغЦʾ⡣Էݸ˴˼侹ȻΪĬ

һСľʯƮ֮ⷽСƱһǳغѼĹԣرµһǣȻŻʱĴۡ
˴Ԫ֮û˿ʯ֮ϣֻһƬƬ¥ķ棬޲͸
ĵ䣬ǧ﷽Բһƽءķд˴мϡԱʯģΪ֮Ƶ룬һõľ
ΪͣΡƻȻռذɣְ˽ǡԶʯмңңԡ
⣬޿ڣֻоŰپʮŽʯݻܡΪߣ֮βֻһڰŶŵâк¡ֻĪ֮ķһͻͣʹֹ̿־η
ƱĵطޱڡΪޱ
ڴʱĽӰζ˱ԹӾǸµܴ˷Σֻܰꡭ


1043 ծ
ϵޱֻΪһ׮иǰΣ»û֪
˵и˵һ׮ԼиԺηпԡȥ֮ã׮ԼһԳľծһҲƵļ
̧ͷŲԶ޴ޱ̧޽ǵļ׷ƵϴŲеءУȴ͸ĪԹΣ
Ǿۣ֮Ӧ̽ѰΣǷŴ˵еĪⲻ
ǰǻԵδʲôԵʣø޹աԼߣܷԸأֻ˵ܾʹһ˶ϣ
֪ȻȫԸ
תĵؿһۡ
Զ֮⣬еʮǰȥʮʯٸ죬ĮȻɫȴһޣ޲ɷƶɭȻˣ
ŻתǰӴֲȹݹ᾵һ˫֡кζָѷɳ˿˿ƵİâٿȻһ΢΢ᴵȥ
ʱ䣬糿էһҹֻޱǰǿƺİ֮ڣƾ뵶漴ɢȥĵطȴ޶ǧ﷽Բľ޴ɽƺǿտյΨޱ޼ʵ
꣬Ӧȥ·ްǶУͬ紵һ΢΢ȴ㲻մȥĿ졣ʮʵʵӰ֮ٲһУٽصľ
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˴Ի˿ʶƾʮ֮֮ǰĽơǰͬʮɸߵ赵Ȼ˲СֻޱŰپʮŽʯݵĵһ㣬ۣ֮ɴ˶ʼ
ٴף΢΢һǾͷ֮Уݵĺڰ׹âһֻۣ͸ķȻʹ˲Ҷ
ߣŪˣǱ˻򡭡
Ŵͷס߶һ䡣һŲʮūޱΪҿһ
ʮӵ˾֮һֱվδŻǰһշ𡣶ȥġɣԴʯףǿͻȻ϶¸⧲һѳֲסͨһˤ˵ϡ
һ裬µʮһЩ޴롣
ԤϣӺһԲ߳ʵǣֺƳûõĶԷ棬ΨɷŨءתֵˣޱÿһ㽫ǰ赲УʩΪгɡֻǰи
ⷬԸ֮ιȻ˲ͬ
۵ǸٴԾȥδʮһͬʱһƾ裬Ծʮɸߵİʯסδ֮ʣεϵĹâϮæʩչΪǿŲˡͬʱһӰ֮£ʱһ֮ء
ûӵָ㣬ЩõĶߡ
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֮УǴ¡ٿûһɻ꣬䴦ƬƬһǵأ׳۶죬ȴմΣĪ⣡
һƬƮƣȻǰСһεķ磬ĬĬ档ǰһ·ȴƣ߲룬ֻس˷硢뻳
һƹƬب赲ֶ֮˵׹ǡǰգԶðһòӰ֮Ļиָ˻
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΢ĹâƼ죬գۼѺᴩղ嵽ǰԶ漴ʥ˵ӰЦӣСǿ뱾Χ
һƾ˴ģһʱͷͽԴСţ֮츳ͨǶв硣⣬ǰһڳļƣ־ڱصá

ֵȥ·裬Ⱥ׷ϸ֮£һͷԳ͵ײǣһҺ֮գ׹ûӰ󷽵һӰη壬ڱ
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һɱĴ𣬡顱һðӰ˵ϵȻֻٻӦ䡣Ϊһ޵죬԰Ѷֵľ˭ǰһöԸǵֵҪƴʱ򣬻ԷʩչΪǿΪԼƫƫһ硭
ӿŲԶȻӰԴ㵡ǺǳĻƣɱǻı𣿲һͷеŭһѪȵɱһλµİԵߡ

һӶʱȻķӰ࣬Χ֮ơǵɫӰڵȺæ˹ȥ֮·ġˣգѱһȺеĻ뺺ΪĿæԴ
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СҪʼʩɷס
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է轵ʥԸӦԣ졣׹ⲻֻһһƬ֮ν֮£մȻзݣ޴мܣ
²÷ԸʮŤͷ㡣ǰй̣ˡ
ʥŭвȴһɡһʩչͨˣԵβǰٶڣ͸޵ѪɫΪľ޴󣬲׺ХƲɵ
СӵΪԶգƾͨԼӲʱ·֮ʣֵһ㰡
ʥΪԼҸȴĽڣ֮䣬ֻú壬⣬ʱ־ȫޡɫ䣬ٲҽңлӰ֣ת˲Ǳ硭
䡢䡢䡭
ɲǣһƬ׻¡ܵλͺתѱɷ׻ɡߺȻɢٲҳǿ·
һܵΣֻ׷ӴеĽʥԷԶȥһ˲䣬ָǰһ㡣ħ޸һѪɫ磬Ȼưֱȥǧɡ


1044 ·

һѪɫĿ쭣ң
顢顪
׹ǣ޸촷ۣ
ۡ
춯֮Уִһ΢죬ƳˮƷ硣ֻǧɵѪٿһȻʧڰ֮У
ʥԽ񱼣ſ԰ǹ޸һת֮䣬ȥһͣѱǿĪơֻףʱĿ
ĽǷɻ֮УһѪٿȻ䡣ǱϼӰľޣէּ漴ǵϦת
ʥʧǣͷһֻһֻεĴֺݺץɼ֮£ǰȻһڡ
ͬʱȻһڳ֮Уǡص߸һ㡣׹ǱһһɣͬУҺ
Σ׷ɱеһæֹסΡ
̫֮ʩչħӡֻԽʥһɱ˭Ͼ޸֮󣬾ȻһաǰΣСвرܣһ

һȻתûиԼ󣿶ܿŰĺڳȻ𵴲ݣ֮׹֮УһӰͻȻʧ
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Ƭ֮󣬵ҵһʥŸˣԼһӣʧˡ
һٶӰյһԾδǽʥµӵܣԻȻԼҵҪ׷ɱ˶ûˣֽΣ
ȡȣ԰ꡭ
ľɥͬԽڶļЦݡ룬ǰһۡɱ̴棬𵴲ѡҪ·ҪػˡǻǷ׹ϢλֵȴûӰˣĴҲǸһʧȥ䡣
ʧðֻҪӵΪĸ֣ԼǾ֮һ𡭡
ĪƣлϦ׳־δȥغաת۹ӹܣһس̾һβסЦ⣬Žʥ˰ִҵδұи𣬲Һһ

׹յһɲǣ
һԼΪҪڹؼʱȴأѪɫħɷ̫أʹԽǰ̨ǰʩչ޸ͨ赲֮ʣδֳʲʢŭһȻ˵ľˣԼ˺֮ʣǡ£æҡ
Ӳǰһ䡣æ߶סȫҪɿʱãȻԼδɵǺηڣ
ķϲ塣׹ҹһƬ硣ĿʶԼԶޱߵĺڰ͵Ϯʹйµ
ʱ˿ֻ̣Լʧ·;ĺӣ֪δȥ֪ƾ跨֧Ŷãѵֻյĵ㣿Сʦ޼ңСԶȥٿ֮ʣûбˣֻį

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ķããȻԶǰסݰҧ촽֪ΪΣһ˲䣬ҹһƻ;Ѱͬеð飬еĹºįȻԶȥԭ׷ɱΪҪյأֻΪԼһС
Ҫʾ⣬Ī
ԼѰҡ
ԳɣǰͻȻһɫĹâת˲֮䣬һԶ꣬ϳ۹Է֮ʣæӣǷ񰲺ãллأſˣǺǡ
ǡҡ
ӿӰԼϤףֿɫصͷŴҴһһ䡣ųڣѷԼ״ΡɫȻ΢΢
һټĿ͸žϲСĳʱʧ̬䲻Ǹ񱩵ɱԵߣһеˣУǽڵľѪָѰ𡭡
һŽվΣɫҲѡ
ǰһ˹ȴӵӰܵΣ漴ǵؿĪ⣬ԭһڡУʱΣݣֻѰ·ɻΪģ
ȥ˺δ
ʶ֮ͫУȻӰ֮£һΪХһʱӦٻһͷϵ
׷ȥƶķ
֪֮ǬҵҲΪǰƵ˾ȣڣ·ڣǺǡӰȻһǷǷЦݣѵõɡ˵֮䣬תͫԶ
ڣ·ڣããҹɫ꣬µ·˲ͬᣬֻԵɣİһ̲סǸȻһʱɴ֮
һתԶǸӰ۹࣬ɫжһɬȻҡͷºͿο˴˽ֺ黳仰һת޸пֵ޹ٴźð
ӵǳ֣ȴ˼ָν⣿
һӶƬ̣תӶȥһ£ҹձ˺ѳһ϶вϸ˲ʧεƲƲ죬ʾ˴Ҳ֪ͨδΨѰǰ䱾վδɫѯ
æ·ҵͬ۹һһӶ֣˵һҡ
һĬȻһЦٳǶһƳתڰ֮С
ӶƮȻȥĪȥ·Ȼٳɻҡֻ붢ǰǸӰ˵ͷǷ㡭
ҹɫޱߣеƾ跨Ϊ壬һǰһںڰдС˴֮ʼԶһĬ
һĹһͻȻͣǰ䲢
һѯʣָ̧Ҳһ˵ʮ⣬иˣ
תȥżԶĺڰԼиӰ⣬ԲΣӦ֮ǰյˣȴԭضȦӣԼ·ʱμΪ¡
һλˣŰӲ⡣
һ˫üһǽ֣˵֮о߼ԡǲǼٽϴɳ֮ŵΪ
ӻȻڳȻǶɱġ֮Ȼֻʣһˣ
ԴƬ̣
ӲŽǰԭʧȥӰٴԶɫ΢
ʮ֮⣬֮Уѱһ룡
Ӳ״μһɱˣǸеЩ˼顣ӦԼ£ɱȴΪ졣֮һ֮Сټһ壬Լ֣ͨ
һˣʱս֮ǰ㲻ı޼ҵĳӦᣡԼĻȻأ˵һ
ӽסһɣ漴һԶһֳΣδӭǳһɱڵشȵëվס


1045 о
ڹ¡ˣ˷׹ǣѰ˵ӰɽֵҹɫͬȫһƬİذ
ԭԭ׹֮УԼûۡ
ʥĴٺľϲ֮£סֳŽſڣһǻѪ˳ȥ
ûȴƲᡣϢɬ֮⣬֫ٺɢ˼ܣ󼹱һۣ
ϡ
ʥסѽ׳һ磬Ծź˶͡ͷȥδһĲµڲ̻¶ǻë֫ϻѪȻųɽʱΣﻹаķɰ
ֻǾ޸֮ӵҡʱÿ죬ǲȻ
ʥ˸ս̧꣬ͷѪһڡʿо仰Ѳк󸣡һҸҵš
Ի˿ԷһݣʥһȻó޵֮У̾㣬һƷ֮
޵ԪΪã˲ĺö
ʥſ͵һ̡ԪһŴѪ˲䱻븹С˸ãر˫ۡ
һ֮󣬺ڰеĽʥĺȻת漴ػӶ˫ۣΪԵõءߺߡǾӵģƾ޵Ԫ֮еҵȬһĻëԵࡣ
Ӧ跨صɾΪڶˡ벻ԼǸһԶԸҪԶʳǲˡ
һƽϹ󣬽ʥԭڿˡðʮâܵ˺ѳҵķ϶æ˺һȻ
޼ƿʩʥץƬֲ֮ΪȻغһˣѰȥ
ʥǸɴ࣬˾֮תߡҹɫһҴܣ֡ʮ⣬һԭãȻ
ף˵Ҵֹ߲һ˰ʰɲձؽ򣬹
ʥͷϲǰС꣬͵ֹסȥơ
ڰ֮УһɫĽĿǿԻȻת˲ѱΣ
˵ػи֣˭ǽɱ˵ֶΣİ
ʥɫ䣬ɵõԲһ˫ۡ͵ϮðӰС˭
ëվס
ʥŽϳһ֮һȴɵһ£п಻
СҲ֮Уôأм٣⡭ԩ·խ
ת׵һ仰úǰԴˣΪȻ
ֵ֪ɷ޸ƾʲôվס
ʥɣŤͷܡ

һ˳ȥһ֮漴ԶǸӰǰ֮Ψ䣬æ޷Ҫʾ˭Ͻʥֻһˣȫţӣ
Ƭ֮һӰ˽ǰ
һδ׷ϽʥһʣΪε˵Ϊ󣬶ǽëҲ˵ţЦ
Ӵʮ˹ͷû΢΢һůԷȺ֮ǳ׼˵̫⣬էһЩͿ
ëָȥ䡭
˵һ룬ɫɬʼˣȴݡ
ʥһΪëһΪë֮ΪëˣǺǡһЦһתŽʥȥķ򣬽ŷ˵ٶǰ׷ɱƲᣬҴˡʱ·ӣ޼ҡ
Ҫ޼ҵǶӡšһͷȴһһת˵ҷؽ֮һﲻգŲֹͶ컪ҡ
̧ۿȥԷԹ˵֮ڻɾȴӶΪʵΰ
֪ΪСһңշҰѱȺһһ٣תҹɫĿӵ˲䣬ӳ²ٶܡֵʥкͼ¡ŷѣҲŲòԡ
㡭־򶯵۹ü΢һ䡣
һһ֣صֻǰȥ׷Ͻë
Ŵʣȴ¶ǳǳһЦԻͷһء֪֮Уһɡָյƽ磬ʾ˵԰գƮȻǰСߵн޶ˣʹⷽŨڵҹɫƽ˼컵¡
һǰӰʧ񡣷һһЦٲȻģеİҲȥ࡭
ٹǷǷǣз⡭
һҡͷһ׷УʵȻˣ֮ǰϸ㱾ˣ
˵ǻţ˼ʦһλˡʮūкιɣҲ֪£˵Ҵ˳¸ߵĶתʦš֮⣬
ǷʮǰˣȴΪūϸ˸ΪǿͬһλʹӡʥŮĪ⣡
ΪӣȻʦŵһ֪࣬ʵϣ䲻ɷڣɾգһŸͽݲκӴƣɺԹԶİá
⣬ʥŮĹǷǷȴɵֵǺ⡭
һ̣ΣԤֻ֪еĶɣһͷĪԼãǿвֻн޼ҵˡգǸĪľ򣬱ؽΪΪµĶ֣
޼ңǾ򣬶ǣӡһ常һʦʱ򣬻ΪԼ
仰ͣĬԼ֪˵Щʲô˵й˵Сͤķ˵Ҳ
ΪһŮӳյ꣬Ǹһ飿
常޺ӳϣΪ²һʱȴͬİ·ǲνŮ֮Լ޾šѵһǸ˲ͬ
ѭŴµķӰмСܰɣһжֹǰ֮䣬ֻ˵Ĵڡ
֪ȥ˶ã಻֪˶Զ·Զûоͷźãʱɵįࡣƶָúδ硭
Ӳɲ׿ȥֻһӰڼȻǰС룬̲סʵһΪɡ
һûлͷ񻹳ڷҵ˼֮С
⾪ţʱգʱͷûˡľ磬룡Ϊ
һһ٣Զջ۹⡣£תӣ˵ȥֻͼңԺֻû߹·Ȼ϶ԼӣֺηΪԼ
ӸֹסȥƣһʱĬȻԷкָ࣬ν
һٶ˵ָǰʾҿ
ӵ˼һֱԣϾˡԶɫһ


1046 ǺѤ
ǰԶ֮⣬͸һ߹糿س𣬸ޱߵĺڰһ϶ֻ׷Ѱǰ
Ӻ⡣ѵյľͷǳ·ڣһԷҲǡûת˴û˵ֻǲԼͬصͷʾ⣬漴˫˫ҹɫеķ򼲳۶ȥ
ʱ֮ǹһߡһƬֹʱһƬΪǵ㡣ȥʱͣ£ɫȻ
ǰһƬ﷽Բľ޴УǹתϢ׳۵ľһǺĲöأ
Ǻĵ룬ǧǷɻΪһγһʮСҫ۹âǹâڰɫȴֻΪһֱ˴ˡת֮ƣȴ죬龰ΪĹ죡
ΪߣתĹâ̺ǿʯΪЮһһɡ©漴ΪѸ͵ķɻķѭֹ
ǺıԵʮԶܸеǿ紩͸ձ˽סתŹâеĳ嶯
⣬˼̾ĪǵغڣֻΪ
һվδǰҫ۶ĿʶɼʮСĹâ֮Уպе磬һ״ľʯ̺˿˿Ԫÿһǵ룬øΪʵ
һ˫ͻȻϳâ漴ְȻѡ֮ͫУһƬ硣ӴǺУȻӰޡΨеҵΪؽɡ
ǵأΪֲ֮̿һУȻֻڣ
޷սѡ
һ˵һ䣬Կǰ
ǵؽΪ󣿴ǰǣҲˡš
һعͷǹҫ֮£ԶӰ⽿欶ˡҴһƳת𴦣˵ǰӦ٣ȴ֪δ˵ȷΪ󣬻Ϊ¡оö֪
ӻȻֵսΪȴΪʶһ˫۶˵Ĳв֪Ǻͨɷͽ̡һеסΪ֮
֮ͫΪŮǧ
ˣһ˵ʱֻʵ
ǧãˣǰǰǺʵĪ⡣£ʵ㲻˵Ůתδͨںη
һ붼룬Ӧ˵ȥ֮ǰͨȻλʿ
㡭㻹Ѱɣ˴ָϡӰҡҡͷšȥԴ˰ɣˣ̫
ǧתΪˣΪӡΪū˽ھŵϡһһ٣˵ūδϣҲδ¡
΢΢һü΢˵ūΪʦĳϣ㲻²ˣʧػ˿ֵǧǧᣬֻ˶ϡǰԵԼǸйѰҲֵҡһбǺþ̡
һĬĬʧ񣬺ڻζʲôƬ֮˵ūԼˣҲԼʦһֻ֮ͬˡ
Щ⣬ֻ伮ֻǰΪڣ䲻תʵūĪֻǰˣ˺βϣ
ūû֪ҵһˣ˴ָأһǾʹ𣬷Īطһ䡣
ֻǰɽ֣һʱʲһ½ǰӰתԶлֱԡ
һ˵⣡ǺǣһЦ¡˵Ļ˵ˡ˵ĻҲ˵ˡˣǻ֮ѪڣҪֻȻͽκΣиж̾ǰԵѶϰ
ˡӲһ˵ָ̧һѭǺԵİ֮⣬Ӱǹӳʱʱ֡
ţԶˡһӦһЩûɡӿȥתǰ˼ʲȴûϡӵ˴ĽʥˣΪǺ۶е棬ǻȥ
һڲɫ֮£ѽԶοΪãʶǿӻʻ漴۹һִͷԷӰ£Ȼҹɫ֮С
ʱһ˼Źâ֮ϡ
ޱߵİգǻǺڰ׵Ĺâһת֮£仯ѭϢȶǻƵǹ⣬ԼεľʯǾسʼģ
ﻯУһɴܻ֮ѰԴڡ
һĥˡԴ֮Ҫ塣ްٶãĪ֮Ȼ򡭡
֪ȥ˶ãһ̧˫֮ۡУһƣΪӡвħӡ׷޽콣Ƕǵķ
Ƭ֮һüĵӡ΢΢ƽʢܵ͵һͻȻӶǰһָ֮ɲǣһƬѪɫѸɷԲǧɷԲֱʮ﷽ԲȻͣЪ
ͬʱѪȥٲȻҪһء˴ͻ漴Ȼһҡ֮䣬תǺȻ
һֱڲԶȴţһѪΪ֮ȻԳĬʱȻڸɷͨȻ֮£ֳ˴Ķ
ת֮䣬Ǻе쳣ǿĪƱȶɱȻ٣ʴӶ⣡⾿ǺεɷĪҪء
ֻúߣסʧɫæ˺󡣶ǰʧԵѰ
֮⣬ʥȻ뵽Ǻ֮Уڷת·˵Źâ˲䣬Ӱʧ⣬ԼѰȻΪˡ
ӵĻ˻ֲ̿ķҺͣһɢȥɱơ﷽ԲѪȻ޴棬Ǻн糣Ʒֻһ
ʥѰˣͬø
һתѪ⵭ȥüҷǻһĨЦ⡣⣬ŵĳδʩչȴֶߣͨгɣ
Ӽһɫ糣Ŵʮӭ˹ȥȻ˵Է
νľգղջˣ֮УǵصĽڣ˵г·δ֪һԣΣһתãָյ硣
Գ£ᡰšһһ΢ЦתѳƬѤõǺæ桭


1047 ޱ
ľͷΪٵʿԶԳȺǰһƬƽأտյ֮͸ĪĹ졣⣬֮£ǸʵİȻΡĪ⣡
׼ڵĵطæӡ׷ӵ˵ƽӵܸϵޱȻҪҵĳһ
㿪ȺԴһԶš糣ЦϲЦ⣬ģ
ͻƺһɣνǧԸһó׼ţŵԼʶʱ񡢶ˣлԵ콵ѵ𣿼Ȼˣ׼ҵǰ֣ΪҪԼһأ
ΪڵʿĺԼĸڰ
ųΪ֮һͳڱ˳¡йԹ˭治ɣȴһһжסû׼ΪɽԼԺָڽأ
뿪ϴɳѹȥʮ֮ã޶̸ϵ˴˴һȴȻӰޱûб𴦿ȥ䡢Ϯˣ
ĨһѺ룬ס˵Ǵ˳һù˵ԼվͻһƬ
Ȼ֮УϵЦݱࡣ£ת
ϤɴͨǾ֮ڣΪؾΪˣ׼ҵǰηѰĸָǲǰ벽ʶҵӴתȥѰ١ɾַڶ࣬зֱջǳ
ԼǼȥת
ʮ֮⣬׼ҵļ𻰡üˣ׼ҵļӡ䲢ߣΪ׷ӡλߣΪ׼ҵĳϡһµӣ졣
ĿϤӴԶջ۹⣬ʵһӽ䲻ǻΪԵɣһһ޲˵ơ
һԵ׷ӽӻ˵Ҳһӵб䣬Ļұؽ¾֮ŭ
ʵ׳ΪıǵĻң
׷΢΢һЦ漴ҡҡͷ
ųûżλ˹֣˵ǰٶˣޱ֮Сӵǰȥ֪̽һԷǵй֣ͬһλ׹ն£Щĵǽ˵Ᵽ¹ӵİΣתλǰ޼ҡ
ЦһΪȻذڰ˵Ƴɣ޷ӻ¡ѱֻҪŪɳ׾ҵȲ䣡תԶʾ£˵ھ޼ңϾˣںһӵ䣡Īˡһ˼֮˵԰ǸһĪǸԵ֮ˣ
εҡҡͷת̧ԶޱûüܵΡ
ַʮۼһʮǰ֣ԶǻæµӰַİ֮⣬ֱ޼ҡҵڣٸ̾Ⱥ۱˴ˣͼǰԱӽǾ޴
ɵ֮ϣȵһΪкµĹâڵϸƻԲ
쾪ȵ˵ؽԽȴסĸˡޱϵıҵԵˡδ䣬׷ЦŰοǺǣҲδء
׷岮첻ҵæԷйޱɾ֪һЩȴԾ쳣⡣
˴ǧ﷽Բ֮ڣƽ̹ȴܲĪ⣬˿ɴԽСʱգҽ߼һ˿̤ޱ벽ĸԶţͨɼҽѰ׷ӻһת˵ݴǾ֮ϣһޱɵԴأκ죬ʹȡ
׷һʾ¡ķٵİڣɼŵһûЦЦ˵Ǻǣѱޱȴ̴氡ʣ˭Եֵɵ۵Ϊ̺֮
˿Աȼɵ۵ΪĸҲɡȻʶ֮УǾʮӰٲǰһ׷ӳ˵Ρ˿һʱԸ
׷ӵǶмӣû˵̵ҵԽӽޱȴÿǧһصĪۻԵ콵־¾ɣ
ˣѾãֳƽ
ӻִ׷ӣķȵߵȫԸ˵ȱ¡ԸáԸ޼ҵӵܸɢڲԶĸӳ£ǰŲŲ

İʮһ̨ϣԣǱģȻ˺󣬻ͬƣ޿κΡ
˽һµĿ๦òٶʯס·;Ȼ룬ȴͣɽѹ飬ʹ˲ظմȥֻҪ޹ˣ
Ǹӣ
Ű̾һΪʵ̧ͷϢĹâ֮УھӸ߸֪ڳԼһеĳ룬
ߣΣ½ݣβһ桭
Ų޵߶һ䣬ת׺ȵЪϢգ
ʮǸһԲΪ߽һڣȥֱ׹µ֣ͬһͨæ֮󣬲һʯס
˹ȥ˰ʱµϡΣһ߶࣬һץ˷ʯס֮۵ϥٲ붯ֻԭЪϢ

Ƭ֮䣬֮ռ˺ܴһطûȥѰ٣Ҳû˵ܣԼһһλⲽİߡѻ̧ۣ־ľ߸˷緶
ٶˣɾ߽֮⻹ǶռϴɳصĽۻ±룬ĵĵȺȥ˴ǵأǰϵޱΪ츣б˺ռ˭۴Ϊ棬ʵɨˣ
ãټһлҪ
ʥ֣ͬ㣡ϲΪһ壬ʥֿĿˡ
ѧʿģŷ棬鳤٩٩ʥδ֮ҵһ𡭡һ٣۹⻷ˡû˳ɣֻûסĪصͷ˵Ϥޱȵ̳£ȴ޴ӽӽȻ˴ȥ
ĲɣԾȤ£ֱ˵طԸޱŨȽ¡
ˣû˵ֱˣʱ˽еҵȻɣõûʶһǣԵλҪش˵ء
֮ˣԽʥĲ塣ɫҡҡͷе˵ͽΪȴӦеľԶڼβܳΪ˰Էʵʲôˣ
ʵúãʲôˣҿ𡭡
Ц̶ţ˸ɷǵļơҪŷ˵ɫһŲԶ߳Ӵڷ޹š


1048 Ϊͬ
ڷߡ
һλ뷢Ұ׵ߣδӽ޵Ⱥ㱻Էˡ˵컪ҵĻӣ㵹ִֻ÷߷߷ȥȴ̲ѣ
ǲĲˣԼǢȴ˵㷭ȫ޵пԣһȺˣʲôʲô˶֮ţνԱ¶һң
Ƭ֮󣬻뿪޾ۼķ档ԶһƬյǰͣҵߡ˸ֽһĪչеļȨһʮ֮⣬޼ǰУԼȻ޽չ
дѯʼ¿н֣֮⡣˭ϻδڣ㱻˻顢塢޵֮һҺڣ
ȨתɫЩӦöԻӵıԹԤϣɷҡҡͷתǰһڡ꣬Ӷ¡յһâǿĪɱȶʹڳļ˶Ȼɫ䡣
Ӳ˳׳һѷɽɽġɣԴâƣ顱һм£סҪ˺󣬼Ȩʱȣçײ
ڵطȻֽޱֻСұðҲΣݡçײ˽ؽ֣֮
֪ðʧɫǸȻæֹסŲϵ亹ˡڳ⼸˽ɫȻԽ䱸
ȨӵǸºӣδԻӵæ𣬶ǰڰְοһ£Ҹһԡ⣬˵ҵȲͨɼҽƣֻþʹ˹Դʱ
˵һ˵ȨûᡣӼڳ˻в²⣬ҲûʡǺҵһֻ۲ؿڽǰ

޵ٶˣټʿǧ֮ɢޱܣΪ˸ԵĻԵѰ١ڴš
߼ҵǰǣֻŽӽ˵֮ϣɵ۵²СԵߣΪݺȻ֮ϣ
ɵ·ûоͷǶ֮и
ֻ뻪ҵ£Ŀ׼ҡõңʵöٲǰвͬѻԶ̤֮С޵޼ΪĿ
һâ޼뵽˽ԶΪĸ֣һ塢ʮλ֮࣬ǰųһţ˴ɣæͣ
޼Ϊ֮ˣһλ°׷ϸˡ裬˿˿Ƶķ˫ּк֮΢΢𶯣һâȥ̧ŲǰδԶͣתùһԣƣ˵ЪϢһӣˡ
ϸ˵󣬸λߡһ˳ĬԣһȴӭǰȥЦ޺ӳϵĽ֮Ϊ죬̾簡ЪϢƽ
ϸ޺ӣһĨ֮ɫȴԱ˵޽ԭɼҵĽ޼ҵĵմӵϰ֮ҲרСΪһ㣬ȴ޽ѾáרƳƵʱȻֽſЩ
ǺǣԼǣ˵ƣһһʱ֮ҵȻ¾ƽִӦһ֮󣬽ʩչֶΡһ֮εĽƼǰ
ʱ޼С޽֣ȻԴԽ˵صĽƣȴɴн򣬵Ҳ档Яڶַ֮£ͻδ֪
֮ǰȴֻ޺ùһ֮󣬲òһ·۹һסһתԶڶӵܷԸʮʱ֮󣬽һԭ״ȸСġ
ܵĽƣبУƻȻһ㣬ƽ֮Ȼ޸Ϊ죡ʶ޺һеǳ
Ĳˣ޼ҵļӡ޺ӵİδһֱһ룬ĬĬԶ²
йޱΣ˭ͬǿһ
Ľǧ֮ڴˣΨһЩ˼֣˻Եǳߣսһ١ҲزˣеĵǣǷ˱νӦ֮ˣΪͽʥŮпģͬ˿գ
Ϊ˼ǣһӾȻԵһᡣСĪĿϷŮ⣬Ӧֹǽȫ˵ע޹Ϊʱ磡
ǵǻʥŮܻ֮
ǻԵβеĻҡ˼֮ʣһԵ޺ŭɶ
֮⣬ڶ޾޼ҿٵͨǰ޼ҵĵòԷȴ˶ˡ컪ҵʮ˼лɳãҲԶ˹ͬʱԶҽڹ
ƽƲףܷӽѰɵ۵ĴУȫƾԼҵֶΣ˸żˣ
޼ңɱȥ
޺ӵһ˫ŭŽǰʮ˷һȣҪȥƴȺţŽΪˣȵԼʮˡɱʱ
ţ
޺δȥʮӵԳòӺ˿ڡ΢΢һֹסΣ׼ȵӣǺ⣿޼޶ԣΪ޼£ڵ涥ײʼģΨһˡ
æƽ֪֮ʮ޼ҵĵͷܣȻǶԼ޺ӳ֮ĶԹ֪
Թǿߣ쾭壡ҼڶѼȻΪӹ޼Ҳֺ֮֮УûлͷȻڿԶȴ࣬˵֮£Ϊͬࡣɰٴ˴ȻǽҽͶּɡ
ӵ˼˵ûʲôޣֻԵ컪ҵһȺͬԷҪ޼ҵǰޱ׷ͶЧ֮ģоǿ֮⣬ܾ֮أǽ㣬Īɣ
ķǣвɸ֮٣ⷬûʵĻ֮ڣҲϺ˵ݡ޺Ӻѽ俴͸һڣŲ޵ؽеǧӲ˵һ滰ѵ޼ӵܣΪҡ
ֶ£漴һ˦ԲٿΨɫߣŮ˼ң滰з紵ݶ˿̣»£
޺ͱˣǲòֹסƴɱͷ

׼˵ĺ֮£ǿȥԶһνơӶԴ˻벻⣬ʱ̹עԶĶ
ɼҽƽ⣬ǰа벽סԽ޼ң಻ˡֻϧ޼ҵЩ񲻶࣬˭ֻ̰ʲôأ
ԶԶ޼ҡԼ޵ΣӽסһЦԵ׷⣬תȥв⣬򡭡


1049 б
ޱɾһ֮һȻûҵĸæµͣϾˡ
ޱǰĿƽءƽ֮ϣһȺƵİԶȴȥƱԻҡ߰ٶ˼һγ˸ɵĴȦӡΧ޼졢켰õٶ֣ʩչֶοͨŵٶˣ˵䣬һ¶ɫ
޼һǴ󿪷֮ţڶ޸ͬУѰĻС˶֮£ȴ޲ƽƣ޼ҵĸ֡
֮ǰƿĽѽָԭ״ͬʱϾ߰ٶ˵·Ҫھ֮άô˵֮ΪףȫƾŲϵƽƲ֧ȥиֻʮʱ󣬱ؽͷɻٲƽĵĿǷΪ
㣬޼ҵʿЩԲˣȻǰĽƣٶ֮ңҪµһﾡƽƣڳ˵ΡǰעֻԶ۶ýǰ
Ϊˣ޺ٲҪǨŭһۣ޼ѵľ
Ӷ޺ӵıԹᣬӳ氲ˡݵĵȻҪ޼ƴӡȻļҲò¸жµŵԣȲѰʧȥ޼ҵıӻû˭ڽ֮⡣ɲģϣ
ҪȥƲӽޱҪշ޼û֪ӵʵͼ޼ҵ£߰ٶΪĸ֣˲һʵ
˿ӵ뷨޼ҵİԶʿͬΪһӵ׼Ϊף˾ռƽңٶ֣ڽ֮⿪һʮﳤͨǿͬȴֱݷٲȻֳɣ
ɸк⣬Ҳᡣ˫뵽˽֮жǰľȵǴͬС죡
ַЪϢŵɾر֮ռ
޼ڵȺУӷԸһߵפԣεҡҡͷֵ˷бվǲװ˵֮䣬۹ӹܣϲ͵Цݡ
ʮ޼ҵĵӣǰšһɳƱƽ⡣иҵʿܣԷݡ
ƬɵĿյص䣬Ǽһŵޣȫû˴ǰ棬һʿֶ־ۣȴָԻ̻̲εĽƣڣĪְ̿
ӵĲԶ׷ӡȨӡ֮⣬һλߡӺЦӭƱ˴˼Ϊҽ鲻ǳģ
һĵϣ޺ɴĿٲԸƽԴйͷĲޡ
ƳԵӣɫ˵ΣãʧָתԶ
ӿȥסҡҡͷԾ˵ΪǾۣ֮ϡ

޼ҵͷȻ١
ҵȺУӸЦתһԽʾΣҲ²йףĻҰ£ҪĿ
һȺˣǰͷԻޱеɵ۴йȻҪõ³˭òɴ˿޼ҵͼһ׮ջ
ӵԣԼҵ׷ӡ֮⣬վˣһԸһԸŮĴ̵ֶȽߣ˾Уͷе۹ӣ˾ҵ縳ߣƽӣòŮӣΪƽ
꣬һӴ˾٣ڿҾǺͿ˾дԶΣɫЩء
ǺǣӲŲͿءƽӺǺһЦӵ˵ͷת˾ֵ޼һҶأԺҵȵӲù
ߣҵĸ֣Ҳ֮ڣ֮߼֮򣬷޼ҶС˾нס߿´ʣȴֻһתеǵ˵ǿɣСﰡ
˾˼ɣӲΪȻЦҲ޷׷֮ԡǰڶ޼Ҵյһ׷ʱѰ˾в⡣ƽ׼йʶһԼӴٳɣ˴ʱ֮ơ
ϤȺֻ𣬲ĴܡӼ˵ҵȲպѰ򣬼֮Ļһ޼ҽΪ壡
ƽΪȻصͷ͵Լǣ˾֣Σ
˵һһͣ˾漴ȻҲʹ죬һӣӦһ壬˵
ǹЦ˵оĸڴˣޱѲ˿顣λ˵οвɵ۴е˵Ӧð˾ŲʮֻҪһҵҡ
֮ʣһԵڶԳǾ֮ϵĬĬ񡣺úõһλӲˣ˿Բ⣬ĳأ
Ӱһ˻˭˭ùң㱾ðȻȴãǣҶǡĳҲǸ֮ˣƽҵƽΪ
ǡڴʱתĹâ΢΢¡ɫһ֣æѵλǰб䡭

ľŰٲߴأһ̱š޷ңȻƣ˼
УѵҪ޹գ
źǲ߶һ䣬ֳŵرҪǿδֱϵѹֻ֫ٺ֨죬͵ʹֱԳܣסҺһͨһ̱ԭء
ޣڵΪ˲𰡣ؽƣƾΪʮ㡭
Ŵڼţһ̧ͨͷʲԸɫУ͸һ˿
ʮŲʯ׾ͷѽǰʶ֮УһʯӰֶߡתĹâֿһ׳ڣԽ벽ңɼ
Ϊһգ׼ǧꡣ۴ޱѰʲôǶԼиܵأ
̨ÿһ㣬֮֮ǿһ֡¹һκΡ
Ż߰ٲ̨״ʮū̱ͬһѣ˰ģǾƣ߶Ǳ
״Žס̾һԺʤȴҲ֪ǽʮūֻ֮Լ˴˴
ŵ۹תԶ¶һĨмɫɸ֮ϸ·ǽǧʿȺ㲻ǰ봩ޱƣǲ
ǡڴʱͻȻ˴֫šۡС
һæ̧ۿȥ˲䣬Ӱâ֮з׹¡


1050 һ
ģʥģе
ңʥһʯͷƵֱ׹ȫʩչΪȻɼ·иʿȺײɲĽơĪޱôߵĵطˤȥڣ
֮£ʥŵ֫衢Сȥɣ֪ˣСӼ֮׽Բأ
ǵΪ˶һ׷ϣŲ·֮£ʥֱӴ뵽һƬǺ֮С䣬ŵüæܣ˭ϾȻ龪һǿƹǺУԭֻһþ
Ϊþ֪г·
ʥͼǺеıԵѰǻǰ;Ī⣬þòðա
һӰ֮󣬽ʥתҪȴ漴ͷСӸɵӰسǺϾԶĶȻˣŻ
˭ʱǸһͻȻӶһƬѪɫһǺŶȻң֮ϯķ
״ʥ㵲ѡСǷҫʶͨ޷йȴѳȫʩչָһΣ󡭡
ʥݱһʱȴΪʱǺ˲ѽСǰһת任ػȻʣȻգ
Ǻ
ΪŽգҪˤˣŪ˰
ʥΪѾõŽƴ׹֮ƲδƫбȻǰˤɸ߿ա
顪
ʵʵһ֮Уʥ֫죬ݺ˼Ӳĵϡۡһ£ſڱһǻѪֽס͵ʹǶϽۡ֫ٺˣһԵİû㱲壡ԼյһǰһԶ
顢顪
ʥ泯ţ۽бţӭԼһ³죬һ£סԲһ˫ۡ
ɣ㴥һεĽơŹâһ֮жȻըѪ
ʥɫͷֱԼž׹䣬ʮڲ޽ƣ֮յضһ٣вأҪʬ޴桭
Լû죡
ɲǣʥȻѡ˲룬žʹҧݰԪУæؾ׽¡Ԫֲ֮صѸתţδȻһ˿ϲ
תĹâ֮УٿȻðӰһ˻ҷɫһ˰ƮƮԴæǶԹŮˣȲԼҵȻֱƵĵȥ
һҲнգ۹
ʥֻʧЦСǣδȬƣʹסһĲҺߺߡ˷ϲ¾ˬǿŴӵСӱɣϧĴУһ֫麡ɡ
ͬʱµĽǧ֮ڣѲͷĶ
ϵˣһǰλգ֮䣬µһһŮͬһ٣·Ľղ˵ƽ⡣֮У˵Σ
ŲȻѣ޿κΡϣɳȡʱ˿̣ĪѾͷԵεҴܣޱƵ֮УСӡСӡ
ڻźɲ֮ʣ׼ҵһ˾ˣǵͨޱӡӣ
ݵ£ͷҲص߳һ԰ԶĪƽ˾нĬȻֻȥ
ʱͣȴֹס̾ϢһԵƽ˸ɫʾοæתԶֻϧһ
޼ҵһλǰ졣
޺˫۴ӵվʧӴ˷ɫУ漴ɫһ޺ԭСӴһ𣬾ȡ
Ǹסˣ⣬ǰҡҡͷɫв쳣ͷȴûţ˼ѡеĲ²⣬ʹɢӽ޼еĹϸ𣬶ӵȥ١
ͬڹע׹Ӱ۹оâ֪ЩʲôƤϷһĨ׽Ц
зֱ𣬼۹ʼ»ζͣ־Ű룬ȻѣĬĬ߶ţҪˣȴ
ԹĲ˻ĺ£˭˭˵µ˶ΪһһŮ٣һвˡһɲǸ˷ЪĴ

Ǻ֮Уһӳʮ﷽ԲĹâ˽ʥȥ֮ǰתâ֮µİԳȺĽʿˡ
ʿȺڴˣ·ǺڣҶֹȥ˼ʱգ
һвͷ·ֻϵƱȶʹζȻһ
ͬʱӷһޱɾ֪Ȼھ֮У
һͷһҪʾ⣬ȴε
֮䣬һǰһ׹ȥ
һɲǣһ۹˳ӹǾֻۡһʮɴСĹɾŹ֮ơ䵱һɶߵʯ޷죬ȻӲмַ·𡭡
֮ϵβ·ĶʹһȻѡŲת۵Ĺ򣬽ʥȻˤ˸ʬ޴棡¡ķ֮ڣܲƶأԼ׹ȥؽʮ
һϾ룬æת伸֮Ȼֹס׹ΡŽ壬֮У˸޴ƾ衣Ե飬ֱ׹ǧɲ졣
ޱеԶɽƽ⣬֮Ψʮڿɱݡ跨룬Ҫҡ
ǡڴʱһΪеĻԭ˴ޱӦ֪֪ڽӣźѡ׹֮ƣȻԶ˰ɼ֮£תΣ飿ܣᶪһ
ȻǽΣĳһ⣡δԷһһлͫ
Է׹ֹеľȻʧ֪Ϊ˽ǰǵıӰΪƵĴݣԼһ⣬Ǿ빲
˵Ĺ򣬷۵糸ȥǧɡһȻͷȴǽš볣£ȴغ˵ʱδǰԵѵȻճ
һ˲µΣϳĹâʢŽѼ׹ǧɡ̲ݻüĵӡٿȻ֣Ȼ
ڰ֮УһȻȭ»ȥɲǣһɫӰƿնԳжʮɣצβ̶
н½ƣơ
һȭһȡߵӰһһ˲䣬ѸΪһ壬ȻһʮɵľҡͷβЮ£˺ƬƬ죬ƾ˶ɵ
֮䣬һɫһ䡣ײȥǧȴѺľ漴ȻϵƸΪͱ˴Ϣ֮


1051 ౣ
֮½ơֻ㹻һھѰһ·ޱеĽֺֹǧΣüޣƾһ֮˲仯ΪģѺѡ
ӰһɲǣһɣٴλȭȥԱֹסͼ
һХŷֱ˶ȥһɫ磬Ȼɲǣ·Ľ֮ϡɵİ֮Уйâ漴䡪һը졣
Ӱٴɢȥâֹ·ب赲ĽƱѳ˼ѷ죬ȴһʱѰ֮أ
᧿Σһڼ׹ֹ֮⣬޴ӿǰֵĵ飬ʹزǧɡҪʩչվѽȼü֮ңȻˡ
ӶڼĶˣϣеľţŮҵʹȻת˲֮䣬
ڣһֻذˣֻⱲδףôҴȥ˺ûκΣ
ֽΪ˭˭˽յһУһ빲ӡԼǰ

ͬʱµˣڵȴһ̵ĵһһŮսʬ޴³֮£û˭ѣ
ͷɻ漴ֱһԣȴû߶ǿѾͷˡ
׼ڵһ˽Թ
أɫʧ֮⡣
˼вͬϵ鵹ǼΪ¡
ƽĿԲϧѣ
׼ҵȺ֮УһλߡȻȴĳ̾һ
޼ҵһͬһƬšӣǼŮһλòӰ棬ʵĲ̰
޺ӵһĨ֮⣡Ѿͷߺ޼û˵ˡ
Ӱ˿ͷܲӵûЦݣʧ
Ⱥеļû˼ںһһŮģǾǰһӰ
ǡڴʱͻȻ뷢һЩһŲ˭ڿ֮֡£һ̲סˣ
һ˲֮е˽Զ
ǰеһһŮ˫˫׹塢ɵĸߴۿ˾Ҫ·ĽƣӵǰͻȻһõӰͬʱ̧̤ȥõӰȻȴѸֶѭֹ֮£׹֮Ȼһ٣˳ֽŮһڻС
״ӲȻʧԻٷȡϢ֮ŵ˶ã
޺һʱӵİΣŵѾͷ˽顭
ӳüʶоâ΢΢һϾ޺ӣֻ˶ǸӰ
׼ҵָһɫڴ
ƽͰţһԼöá
ϣŲȥɻֽ˵ᣬ˭
£ʥѴӵԪ¶ǣһ࣬ɫԴֻЦݡڴ˴ȺѾãһֹɼҽƣǸǸ𡭡

ʱһ԰æ֮У
ϦΨһ
һͷһӵĹûУҲָ͵ػüĵӡǡɲ֮䣬ħ̵˱ǰӳɣ̧ṳ̋ȥ
顪
ɳۼ׹еһţνƴ𱻺ݺ̤˺֮ϣȻ³˲ȻӰһٴδӱüķɳ·ħһޣһαһ̤顣
һħ赲׹֮һ١ȴ伱æûֱۡһ뻳ͷһȴҷɣֻ̤ܽȥ
ͷһ׽ȻšŮҵɬʹסҪѡŵֱ۱ͭһ㣬ݿܣ
ƣСʧ´˲ȷףŮ֮еѽ
鼱֮УӱҪ߳𡣶Ž̧ͷ㷢ԼİԼգԽһ֮ϡ䷼Ĵͨ죬Ȼ͡ԷɫĹâϾˡ΢΢ŵһĨȻٲĳݡ
顢顢顪
ŵöӼæ˼ѭȥֻһ̤ĻӰʹ׹֮Գٻٴ׹䡣ʶ֮УյĽ
Ϊۡ
ȴӣֻôʱԼǸ׸仰ųڣס΢΢һһ˫ϳâӵͷޱߵѪɫȻɱ֮ӿ羪κһľս֮Уæ׶ܣǿ֮УҪץס
Īţƽ֮
º͵Ļﴫƴ棬͸͵һ壬Ȼ̴棬̧ͷԷƿ۹⣬ϻһƴСĶǲһƽޱɽ·ؽߣָλ졭
顢顪
һһӰ֮Уһӻ䡣ίħת֮ǲȻǲŽԩ
ޱҼ˵صĽʶȴһʱʧ졭һ֮Żе˶ʾ棬ֱһ⡱һ֡üһһ˵ڱδӣ˵֮䣬·ȽĽơʣģǱ۰򡭡
زɣơ
䲻ݻһȻ֮С桰ֻȻһֶٿȻһɫĹâ·ңʶ
ȥûֻһ΢ءһâԿǣѴ
һ΢΢һּ̧١˭Ȼžתʹת˲֮䣬Զ顱һ졣΢磬ƽغһ󡰿𶯣ޱĽ֮
ԺϿĽˣǿϧӦʹޣκδ˵ؽӴ󡭡
һŽ׹ѽ̤ʵءէէ䣬̻ۡöԼҷȻ㡭㾹ȻȥޱĽơ
ʼϲҡ
һһ䣬ֻϮˡǰ˲࣬Σݰգϲһɣæͷ˦ң¶мЮŵ˶һžԷˮߴӡǿ򶨣°ػ˺һֵǾ֮Ͻڣ֮Ȼ
һ˺һɲǣӵͷġ֮ʣԶ˻ӣ常
ĺȻѣɴ㵡ֻԶǧӰޱһƬҡ
ӣౣء
ӻ׿ȥǵϤıӰԶȥ


1052 
һССȻȥ˾ǧ﷽ԲĽơ˵⣡
ʧˣշˡûü룬ȿֺǰԶķѰٵһЩʿҲ֮
֮ϣ˵ɵ۵ĴСɾرյޣֻһ¡ʱҴ
Ҽһ̣ȻûŮжȥԷĻɵ
ӣ񡭡̤նǹеģȴԴºЦǺǣãǸϷɣްΣ֮ǣ
ֻǸӰ˹֡޼ҵȺӿ
һʶ֮У޼ҺΪһ˭ʱֻ޼֮Ůӣ
һûлͷֱǰȥȻĵ׵һ̾ϢҲ
֮⣬ʥɫšԼСӵΪ찡û׾ٵķĽƣĳԼˣ
¡£ٵӹˡ
ʥתܣû뿪˾ʮ֮⣬漴շͻһ硣סЦһڴˡûᣬȤתűļʾ⣬λֵܵɫÿ
һԵ˾֮ǰԽʥӶ²Ǽƽ϶Թʱ򣬸ο޲֮
һ̤ǰʮ֮ڣֻһͣһ˫̧ͷ
ϵŹą̂ԼǵͬС졣ƴжǡΪֶ֮̿η
һ߰ٲ㴦ɼʮƣӡŰٲĸߴһϷڻͷ·
һ۹һ٣һƲתΪȻؿ󡣽ǧӰ˷ǴͷְֳΣʧȥ˭
ںɾϿǼ䶴֮УõɣµһרɽıԼ꣬͸ˣȴڴ˴óſ֮գڼʱתΣΪ
ö룬ɣ˵ƽޱĽƣ˶ȻΪϤνɵ۴Уѵ֮ϵʯ֮У
ǰޱ
Ȧ֮УЩ쳣
һûп̧üġӡûжʶеȴâʢԵüȡ
ǰʮԶһεǽ˹ӰأָԼǰӵæ
һٽתߡӰԣϤĻ𣺡һҸҪ㡭
һһת׿ȥһüĺɷ䲻ֺЦӡվλİߣһλòŮӣԼһλӡԶ֮⣬Ⱥ½ӿ
һ۹̧˵׼Һ£һλѾõǰľֹΪʧҼΪܡ
ӲΪ裬һЦһԵüʱӻ˵һҸƵҪӦ
һȻͷػص׼̧²ҵʧ㣡԰գһ֣ûһﳤȥ
һݵ÷߳ǡ
Ԥϣںذڰ֣˵桭תʾҵǴ۹⿴޼ҵӵˡԶǹһЦƷʲô
һѭžǰУ¼죬תѽ׼˦Ź˽ʥ޼ڶҲ˲׷յĶԹ»бɵ۵Ĵв֮ء佥ԶȺȦеڴߴٵ粻ɵ顭
ͨͨ
Զһפʮ⣬ӰߴʯףŽɱˤԾһʯסǸҵǰˡ
𡭡
һһ䣬תǰľʮɸߵʯף走Ĺƽǿϣȴͷסͫ΢֪ЪϢȻʵǣλʯ׵ıԵ´šԼɼϴŴŲмЦ
ΣǲһȺֵİˣģ˭᲻ߡĥû꣬ܲԼţȦվ
УһǲԶܵޱɾ֮УȻԸκλԵʱŽǰİͷһֲԤСǺԵɣһʱֲס
һ룬˵˲ҲգϵĻǽϵΪȻԵǶһתʵޱУǷɵ۵ĴУ
Ӧò١֪Գɣ漴Ȼ˵ʲôΪУӲˣ
һʣΪξ͸ҵġ
飬ݸģ
⻰˵ģѵҵһעһԸε˵ƾҵΪϾİٲ㡣ߴɡʮӵΣһǻµһɵʤ㣬ȴһ˿һİնûУֻתƣѰ֮
ߣǆ¡һ䣬ʶдһߡ΢΢һǰͻȻӰһƽðһλ䲻ߣԲʢģһλ
ʱ˵أ㡭һ㵲ѡǶԼҵݻĪͷ¶档ޱֵʱȴǳǺ⣿
Ԫ֮Ϊִ׳һҪ߳һͷĨ˰Ũ룬ԭٶ֮νлķԵƻȻɡһ٣Ϊ°һ̧ʱʱ¹˭ɡ
˴һţ˵˷ǰҪޱеɵ۴ССӣôƺһ
֪ΪΣһͷһȻֵ֣ʶӦó쾳ѹ߰꣬ڵȵһա
һһȻУҽɾһ׮£²⣬ȴ޴Ӳ֤
꣬һǸʿǰɾʱһŹֵĻ˵Ǭ죬˵ʹȻΥ˵㵱ҵĻ㣬˵ʹȻ㣬รȵȡ
ҵʼջвѡ֮⣬աʱһ㣬ˡԸἰ£֮󣬱תǰ˵˵Ӧ飬ѵ𡭡
˵޹һ֪ҪʲôȴѴĻ֮˭϶ԷһɣǷ飬˵˲㣬˵Ҳ㡭
˭˵㣿һһʣ˲
̧һָ۽һ


1053 벻
˵㣡ܷмޱ֮ˣҿ񳯣
ԵøĪ⡣һɫһԲһ˦ɽƲᣬֵҲ˵ʲôɵ黰ɾǰδ֮ҵǡʱ
һĬĬ꣬۹һԶʮ֮⣬ڶӰΧžϴû˭ߵĶвڵһĨס
ޱɾ֮УĿжһΪӣѰԵ
񣬻Ȼ˵ĻҲ˵ֽΣԴһ֮СĻ벻ǰԼΪȻ
һ˴ƵأҪھԼǰջ죡
Լûȥмʲô
׼ʿޱǡɵôӦ⣬һ֮һǰй׳־ȴˡ
ֻһȥǸСӡһתǰ˵֮£ͬνҲţ
㲻ţһأߡΪȻغͱ˵˵֪ԼҵȴһֱװͿҪͷƲϵޡ
һͻĳ߳ʹһԸ⡣ѯʹԶԴԺˡǰλҪôװ˯ҪôܶȴڴʱȥһͻȻҪܡ綼ܹΪʲôСη֮ķǵαӣ
һεһƲǣصҲĲɵ޹ءĻԳ⣬ȴûᣬ¸Ϊҵŭ߳
˭˵޹ء
һ˫ۣҪһ㣬ڵ޹أһ׵СʿõĽ޹أƯܵ쾳޹أ˫֮ͫ޹أΪתϣ޹أתĵǣ񡭡
һüʶһ
ʢʢ̤ɵһбע㲻ҲӲѣǰ򣬷Ī
һˮǰһӭʵ˵ͬΪת
ֵ֮䲻Ůˣǻˮ͵ػӶֱۣͷ
һɫһӲ˵лݵ÷
𡭡ͻȻغһ۽죬߳㵱һŮ˵ĻҲһء御ɢʱ㻹ˣȴǰɡ
һɫһȴͷ¡
ˣԹŮֵܵѡɵҲǸˡڵǷǷǣֻҲδ˵ǲȻӦòھ
ȴǰǷĻ̼ΣѵҲǵת̫桭
һĬȻƬ̣£ΪɵתߣҲûʲôáܶ˶Դ󣡲˴̧תʵֻУǰƹƬӰ˵ԼϱֻɽһԻ𡭡
ţΪβأͻȻ͸ذش˿Цúǿģɫ仯죬ϺڰתĹâʹ׽
һüͷǳɫɻ
ǰ˭նޱУΪɵѵ𣿡Ŀһһޣȴ˼ѭѭյζʵΨзɵøߣھ֮ϣǾڣʱ߰꣬ߵ˴˴֮ʣĪǵˡ
һİ;ǵй˵̡Ѳصֻصˣѵóңڴ֮ǰҪɵøߣΨгһ谭õԸֻ׾ĴڣһǺеˮ³ǡ
ֻÿ˶ԼִţžıǨȴֲòһδŽµķ򡣸ʱֻܱȼǰ˵ڣ˰ɣǷȻ;ٲꡭ
뵽˴һҡҡͷ꣬΢΢ǣ˵Ŀġȴڱҡ
׾ͺãһ˵꣬ɵһ֣Զľʾ£Ƶ㣬Ҳҷŵһ
һԼǣűߣǿЦζŨصֺα༤أ˵سҲ٣üͷǰִȥȻִҳһкηвݣмƽϣռذְ˽ǰ˷һ£ҲǴǰԶ㿪һԵɡ
м֮硭Ц˳ֵ˭޹ؽҪޱв£󣬱統ꡭ
һãǰӰûˡԾʮɸߵİʯףͷҲصʾҵ󡭡
״һɫһͷðһõĽɫӰΪƱзֿڵľһǸĻڡ⼸ѱڶӰռݡ
ˣѲݳɡһǰܿ󣬽һڿԾ𡣶زɣϵƻȻѹƵȥ͵һ١䰵ľȴգ̤ŵԼϷȥ
㣬ϰٲ㡭Ҫϣͣת԰ʯ֮ϣݵļƣ
ͬʱһΡ˫ŲŽʯ׵һɲǣ΢΢¡֮һ˲ϵĺڰ׹âͻȻֹͣתɫһɿԷЦƶһв⡣
һԲ죬ʶɲǣüͻȻһ⣬ٿȻһֱ֮ۼ۶ȥ
ߣɫȻʶС
ת֮䣬֮ϣһӵʯƷֱ꣬ȥٿһȻûͣ͵Ĺâ֮вӰǺڰ׵Ĺâٴת̶ɫ漴лһöһԲεƬա
һ̣µ˽̧ͷ𾪹תܲѣ漴һƴ˿ޱϵƬĪǾɵ۵Ĵڣ
ʮ㣬ӷפƬ֮ĬȻףһĨʡµʯϣһæµӰٽǿ׷ӡȨӡλԶЩӵԼڶޡ޺δͣһʮ֮⣬Ӽҵļʮ㡭
ӵ۹ӹܣŸԶΡСӹȻѰֳ֮󶯾ͻȻһλǳĪĸ֣бϳֵı˭Ե֮δ֪
ڴʱȨӴҴԾʯף޵Ϊҵȶв簡׷Яģ
ɫɣȨӲЪϢʵȻΪֹǰ׼׷˵ţֳԶʾ⡣׼ҵӴƽ˾Уѳûϵ˾İٲߴ
ɫһ漴Ȼв˵Ȩʧ֮졭ͬʱӵҲͣ


1054 ֮
ھܽʧһ̣Ŵ㵲ѣ
֮䣬ȥǧơǴ˵еԶƽǴͨ߶ƣһСӣд
⣬ǸͻȻðߣֻԪ֮壬ȴɢŲɣĪɣ˴ǰһλǿߣ
ߣˣһ˵Ĺ죡ߣѵԶŵˣֻϧԼݵ΢۹ǳǲȻԼߣ
ɻ֮ʣ·һһСˡһУΪ죡
Сӱ˼һ㣬˫ھһɲǣΪ֮𶯡Ϊ˾ǣüķɳһɫߣ˲ֱɡ漴ޱ䣬ǳ׼ˡ
ֻԼۻ軨ˣԶŵƽ׾ٵĿޱһһСǺˣֻԼϾ֮۶ͽ޹
ˣ߶ȻԶ򣡳Լ֪⣬ҴǺǡ
ŷһԳЦȻеƣ˲ϸֻܽ·Ķۣ֮ʣ°ٲʯסʱӸµĿһ֡Ҽ£ݴ͡

һǰһӰֱ֮۶ȥ
Ƭ̣Ծһʮĸߴһ˴һͷЦޱΪ֮ãʮȥˣȻСǿһԣȻƣ̬еģ
һסŲס˿ڴͷһۣЦ£ʵ˵ǰ·ҶȻٲά衣˵ؽƹ죬ΪκΡԷͷֵһŽɫâ֮Уһ޵ӰԼĪɴСΪ鶯쳣
һ˵壬㱻ǿÿǸһظȫƾΪڿ֧šǰһ˶УԼӳ֮漴ͷǰǡһǽΪ俹˾ųɵĽ֮
Ȼˣһһ·Ǿͷֱ֮ߣ²ϰʮ㡣ܷ˳Ƕ治˵
ףһĶռӱˡ·һڣһӣԸߡ
һæڵľ£Ȼͷ֮ܶ߰ࡣΪߣȻӵˡԶ׼ңҲ׷ױ˹
״һüͷЩ˼Լɣ˸һת˴·Соֱֺֹֻ޳֮ȣ
һҵԾȥ䱸֮£ʱΡĽ£ڳһϤİӰ
ȥ磬һԾʮɸߣŲմذֱϴڡһӰΣһ롣
һ֮һ١ͷĽɫâУŵӰСһ֡ͷҲصشϢһ£żԾ
һδȣֻøϼСʱѵ˾ʮĸߴӵ˽ǰ赲ȥɵĽ֮Ȼûٲ㡣Щ޶żʯףһš޼ǧ֮ڽȿֺ
ֹһĹٴͣ¡ͬһؼڴûнϣǻתߴ
һʯ׵ıԵֹĬĬͷڹâеӰѳ峤̡ͷͬתȥ
˴Ǿٲ㡣ʮ̨֮ϣվҵļ£ΪȵڶӰǺѹѹһ󴮣еɽһ㣬м׳ֻۣ̫ãǵӰС
Ǽǰӵ˸ֹס˽Ųȴ˺һ˴˸¶ţ潩֡
꣬ſһСռӵıˣɡԲˡ
ҿۣûӦ̧ͷ˼ľŰٲߴԹۡ꣬ϼЩЦݣ˵λǰմԾĸˣˣҵȲð
ߣСǸɾΪȴɺڡԹʹ죬תָ̧һԵһɷµֵ˭ֵܡ
Ļδ䣬ڳĻȨӡ׷򶨣ӡƽ˾ӱȴǰ˿ƳһǺʵڵһСǰΪֵܡ
СϹ۵ĶӸ㣬ޱ֮ǲмЦһ
Ŵԣڳ߼Ҽͬʱһ
һüһƳδ˵ŵĻ
ǺǣͻȻЦһŵҡͷ˵ޱ֮Ǿɵ۵ˣλǰϺû֮ǰľ⣬
ǰָĲŷƨڵظ·ֵޱߣΪɵˡɣȥȥӿ˭Ǹ¡˵ŻһȻҪÿһ
ڶ޶ʱɧǰͷ߼ҼȴûɴŵЦݣҡͷ˵ҵȿɲзǷ֮룬˷׷ǰĪԵ롭Ȼʾ⣬Ҫһŵ仰ﻰ˼ںˡ
׹һתӹһдЪϢգߡٵ飬εض
һûп˫üǳµΣһԿ
ȻɱģֺΡǸգ˵Ѷӳ֣ʱֻƣȴô
ϵһУֻûЪϢһΣȴƣ̬ٲʯףΪԪ֮
⣬⽫ޱ֮㴫£޷Ҫĳڷ˼޻رܴϢ֮㼱УΪĳɵΪԼһǻִ
ӽң
ӶΪɵ˷ŵ̽ϤԷĸˣʱĻʮ־ڴ˵أʿƾ裬޿֡
һϾ룬Ծȥ֮ʣһĽųɣգ۱̧ǽ֣²㽣󡣶âȻ顣
һǰһӰϣһһ·
תӹ󡣻Ȩӡ׷ԺЦӭӡƽ˾ɫʮʯ֮ʾ⣬ңңԶһŮӣ𣬲ȵʥŮΪ֮С֮ͽ졭ʾ⣬һӰӿȥ
ԳɣһԵƽӼ˾л˸ɫϬ˳ϡ
һʯϣһһŮڽЪϢеЩɫ㱣һԵƽȴ˷ܡ
ȲҪȥȴûڻص˾Ľ£һ߼ˣһ㷲̧ͷǸһ˭³ΣǲиֵܣȻӿеǰ
ǰʮɵĽ֮⣬һһӰն
޺ɫԹֶ񶾵ߣСޱ֮˶ɵۡ
ӳžĬȻʧɵйػ˵䴦еŮǵԼ񣬻һ


1055 Ҳ
һ˾߰ٲߴòͣЪϢƬ̡ͷӰֻʣһɳ̡Ҳ˵Ԫ֮Ѻȥһ롣
ʮʯ֮⣬λȻǽᡣеӳǰԶӡ˾СƽˡΪȨӡ׷ӡĽǧ֮ڣΪĸܼǿţµѱԶԶ˦ֹ̱ʯϣһ̾
ǰ·һŽ߸ߣ֮ཫΪǿ󡣺ԶߣҪ֮ǰǰɵռˣѷ¡
뼸λǵûһƾΪӽǰһ
βͣϢ֮ʣ˵ңĺڣ
һվһԣ˴֮ڵܣзХƽӨʯ޵ĺۼɫ֮£洦ŹĹâ⣬ӵ˸ͣЪϢһʮԶʮӲ޶ϷǸж
ھ֮⣡㰲˺ô˼һУɳȥǲȻ㻹ʵʵšʱͬ˸ˡ
һ̧Ƴʵ޼ʣΪŻȥָȥ
㵱ΪǿȻ߳أȥԹ˵ţһ٣³֣Zͨ
Zͨһ⣬ļ£˵Ҳǡ
˵ǣǣҲǣΪʲôǣ˲ǣߡΪᣬʹ󣬽˵㵱ǶڵΪһ㾳гɣɼʦɻ֮λ˲Ըˣϸ£Ҳˣȴ֪
һٿ˵ԶʣԼۿֱħɵһɣԺΪСʦ󣬹ڼ֮Դһɾƾ˾
˴һ˼΢ʶǵġ澭֮У׺һ֡
˵ɵ֮ʦ˵ۿɻʣľ飬ȻԼСǲһƪľġ
֮Уơ쾳ߣֻλɻʡˣԼʦ顭Թ˵˫ʦش֮ʣƵľ㡣ͻȻֻõȴ޴ȥһԼڶ˭ϡ
һ˵Ϊ֮ʣԶźġԼλɻʲԸݣȴ·;ңԶԽ첻ףֻǲʹĸѰѳֹģѺֱ㰵üƣʹ㷴Ŀ˳ɳյο֪
һͻȻʵȵɣˣ޶ͼ죬ѵû˲
ߣû˲ֻŮ˵ĻΪʯǨŭҡ϶һݣйɧ˵νȣǼٽ跭֮ˡǧʥ֮ɣаΪˣȻз֮ҲȻ򣬴ͣ
һУֻһ¡ûɵģһǸһ̾δ۸ӣ̫򵥡ȴ˵Ȼ֪䣬Լж԰Ρ
⣬ǧʥ֮һˣΪڶԶˣǳˡĴ𡭡
Ϊʱεأ벻ǿΪֻݺ޵УɱغƷɻʣܱʦ֮ܳ˵һߺߡ漴ǾһŪϸȴܲµ׵֮䣬ͻ
һԶԣûʵޱ֮Уɵ۵ĴУ
ң˭ȥһɣŤͷһ˵Ϊɵߣµк֣©ϸҸһùߡһӣȻͷ߸Ծ
һҡͷһ㷨ӶûС¶ȴϸ񣬶ÿÿз⡣Ȼˣֻϡȥ·Ψһѡ

ǰӰԶȥӲ飬ƴߴӵˣŶ
İٲ㣬һȺޡеĽʥε̱ţҪվԸסһڣԹûã㽻޼ܽƵΣɵ۴ûˡ
ڳ˲磬ֻмҡͷ˵ʿо仰˵úã֪㳣֣ٲ㡭ʥҪæһתǧ겻ЦֵҵΪޣ䡭
ʥˣȻ˵Ȼϰٲ㡭
һ漴ְһ⣬ˣܻȥҡ
ٲ㣬ƽѷʵǣפ̧ͷϹâ죬˷롭
Ľ£ͬۼһȺӰȻûһ۽硣˶㵽ʮɽ֮շԱ㿴

һǰһӰԾ˾İ˰ٲ㣬ȥƲͣ
˰˰ʮ֮νɴϣÿһʯףҪԼͣ١ͷһӰС֡
˰ʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮ㣬͵ش𣺡һֹкһ۷壬ǧ֮ңͻ䣬еĵǽˡ
ľŰٲߴͻȻһ³ȹİ׷ϸˡǾĻţʧʱشһƹǡõסһȥ·ƵϣĮȻЦ˵ޱйУ˲Ⱦָء
ƨٲӡ
ŭʢһٴϴ
ˣû˸ҵԼɫһ߳˾ţ˷ʥŮ¡ҷ
ȥŮҵӵ·ֻһ
ڰգδֱֹ̤ϷĻųȥһҵҧؽϡ
߳ŭȴ΢΢һ˫಻ɣת˲һӰŰٲĸߴԷȻ˵׺ܲŶΪɣ
룬ݹ׵˫ץȥһ߲ʹâƾնʱһʮɸߵľǽէһǱ糿ִŵĻ㣬ΪĪ⡣Žƣ漴Ȼ·
߾
ȥĶܡһϺȣըһסɲǣ͵ػӱǰȥͷӰһȻһɫĿ쭣Ȼһ󡰿飬̶ǡ䡱һ졣ֻ֮ɢһֻõĴֳƺХȥ
žӸ£ݴͣΪ׵סһһС˭ϲŽ˲ܣϾӦ䣬תѱεͷһţʧ
㰡ƨ
֮ʣ̧һץһɼض𣬡ءһ´ͷ˹ȥȻڵľľŰٲ㣬ȴһ¡
һδŵأ̧ͷŻŵ³ڴ˿̣ƺȻ£һɽͻֵһԽס顱һ˵ڵأڱѪ


1056 һ
Ѫڰʯ֮ϡʺУ͸ŵĽɫɷĿ
֫ٺ죬Ҫ˰㣬͵ĿϮʹ޴Ӷ֮˵Ͳɵɵ۵ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
һҧǿţ಻ԣ
һ̣ϵظȻһᡣתһӵ𡣶Ƕеδʹ˲ɵû˯ͷһת꽥

ͬʱ·ġ顱һ졣·ǵӰȻصڵһˤٲʯ֮⣬ҿѪΪǱ
ţ˾ǰ֡漴ֱһץһԣͺм֮νֻ˵һ֮䡣Σƻᡭ
λھµĽǧ֮ڣΪͻһжĪ
ӰǰԼЩçײˡſɾڵΪȻסֵһ˵߸ΪһҪӾ֮ΪС
˲䣬з֡·ѲΡΡ
ӵλڶŸߴӰ

㡭
һӵڱǻѪȴ΢΢һߴɣȴ¶εƣͷâеӰСߴСʲųֳλţȥµ߳Ԫ֮Ȼܸܵ϶µ뾽ȡö룬ͬڿǿţ
ʱֻҪֱ㲻ּۻۡһ֮ܡ㣬һƲлźòԪ񡣶Ϊ˰ĳޱУȻȥһС
ؿţڵظ·ΪȻغߵߣգӷǲɡˣʳһءо仰ô˵šĨ˰Ѻ룬漴ȻŶˡΪΪ̧һļͷйâ粻Цֵܣ·нˣҷƴһء
һվδֱͦĬĬ˵ͷڼͷֻûȴĪĳѹһֵܵĺͷůǰǵɽǻ𺣣ֵܲŮЯͬ㹻ʣ
˲Ҫ˲ԸݣеݵòδɣֻԷԪʩչΪ˾Իٸֳŵ˶á
ų˸㱻侪δȴŭӡһڵĵϸܻسӵסˣۣҾΪߣʮ֮ԭأһʱŲֻü˼ޱУ䣡
мһץһʯסŰһ㡢㡢㣬˱ȼ֮֮ۡ£һöһƬȻھţǵȴջ󣬸ʵǵķ򡭡
ɣ漴׷û˹˼ɣӶ˫ǰһķֶ˲䴩ƣ漴ֻƬƬӰֱֶȥ
ӳһ˸񣬸Ծһʯסƽӡ˾׷δû֡Ҽ˱ȴ
ľŰٶʮ㣬ǴϢסδ֮ʣѲĶεһڣҪʹͣӦ
һһƳʾù϶ҷϺ󡭡Ψǣּæ˵赲֮£ӳֵʣһɡ仰δ䣬üӡһֳֽӰӰƮڱ󲢽䱸ɭȻ
ٵ飬һԾ𡣾ۣ֮ʮŲʯסΨеǶɶޱСʱ谭ͣʵǵĽŲвأ㽫һأΪıһաƴһ
һץżͷ˽ǸߡƮŵٴС
ƬƬӰ͸ƶƷ磬ĺХգۼѵǰĲԶ֮ϣƮƮɫĮȻ˽˦
˫ֳֽ̫֮ԴԴע˫֮СɲǣǰĹӰʢ͵ػķãã֮УޱߣӵԼڣԲӰֻĪɱӿϮ
״𾪵ͷһң֣ȫȭӰ֣Ȼһʮɵľҡͷβצݺݵǰʱձ飬ҡ
һɲȥһͣ漴ȻڣǰνֳһӰеɫ߳ʵᶮ޼ҵġ޽
һԲٴ˫ֳֽ
ߣ֮дһСԵֵӼ׷̧ͣһ㡣䶯ҵķٿһ䣬ǻ裬̶һʮɳɫ޽ѵķֱǰΪһӰȥ
ͬʱ˫һȻϾ٣ͻȻһҫ۵ĽâƸΪˣɫ޽ŽΪȫһͷһᣬ豾Ծ֮ʣȻ𣬳ƻӳеĳ
âȻǣȥǧɣѸһؽصıȻˣʮֵΪݺһɫĽâ
䡪
֮ϣһסĿĹâĺ֮Уһһײһʱ쭺ХŭκƱƵýֵ˫һ٣ȴ졣ֱֻӵɳȥű㡰顱һʯϣҪ̱ڵءӱֹסȥƣʩչĽҵѵȻ޴档
ȥӵɱһһֻڵ޷ȻסԼɷϷձȥСӵһֻ۰򡭡
˼Ŷ漴ա
֮ʣ뿪ʯסȻɢȥζʧ
Сӵķ뱾֮䣬ȥ硣ҪֻҪһۡΨб˴˸ӽӽܱڳ֡˼ƽϣҪü϶£Ծٲ֪ǰСղ࣬תͨ׹ء
Сӵĵˣ
ӻȻΪʱ˷ŵԵ飬ǰѽľŰʮ㡣߽һߣΪ£ǲ֮˿ɳ֮˴ٲ̨֮ԶҪʵֻƾԼҵı¡ĻŶԸο˺
ͨͨͨ
һ׹صĶӻ׿ȥԼھİ˰塢ʮߴӵ˽ڰ˰ٲ֮¡Զһ࣬Թޡ
ѵСӵޱĴУ߸ΪݣͼΪΣ
֮£תǰƬ̣һҡ
ľŰʮߴ֮£ѺľԪ֮ҡŹȥСδ⣬˵ڵء


1057 ٻ
һڵϣɵòҺһ
ⴴҲ꼰䲻˵ѪһζɲܡԼǰе̤Žͬһλǰ˽ʵʵӲƴһذ
ʱľѩϼ˪Ųסˣ
һſţеͷֻ΢΢ţȴȻûɿͬʱصĴϢ
ģѵֵĬһأȴ˵ĲǶš
ָĬǵס˦ӵ˵ľµóԸȴ
һ۽ǵϿȥͷĹâӰʧӰΪߣŵȻôĸߴ׳ȴʵ˶ڲţϵ͸ء
״һͷο²ΪѰҲˡɲҪУҲԸ
һɽѱȴڣȻһİΣֿЦЦ˵仰һء
㵽Ȧ֮Уɱݡһæѡûıӻ౻ѹýǴϣֻҪɾرգ
ȻԹ˵ʶͬ㡣ԶģЯͬСҳѶɢҸһһʱӹȻԹ޻ڡһյĺֵܣһӵĺֵܡ
һյĺֵܣһӵĺֵܣһȻѡʱ̰˷ʱأֵܳ൨ߣĪ
ֻԸճмޱ²ٿһءڿΪãΪתȵˣ֮ĻͻȻ˵ʹȻ˰һأ㵱ֵܣһ٣̾һֵûͷһ̡
ͷĲȻϮһʧ
ʵһԭеòװȻȡ֮ǽ۽𷢵Ԫ壬뺷ȻƵܵһϡݷ˵ץһ߸߷𡭡

ޱеˣžߴĶ
Ȼ˼šСӵĻԵǲǳǰκջǹһ񡣿ɼѸı䣬ԺǾ˵㰡ȷʥͣעһֻֻɾر֮գмƽϲ٣
˷޼ҵջ񣬲ǿ⡭
ӿһһԵӰҡҡͷתЩʧ䣬ҿЦ¡ų嵽˾߰ٶ㣬ʵסɾ֮Уʹ˶աеڴѲɾɢˡ
ƽ˾в̫ӵʵ⣬ȴ̲סϧޱнߣȴңĶɼ֮˭ǸԵء
ĬĬţ䡣ǰˤһ£ŵòᡣอϢһʱȬ֮ңϲڵ˾ľŰʮ㡣ߣһ£˵ʱóѡȻޱΪ棬Ҵ»ǵҵλϳ־ͺˣӲͷ¶棬ƶɵ۵һΪɻ䡭
С̰Ĳ㣬õù
ʥ̧ͷ󣬺ȼ֮سЦһתڶޡţü˳ĿӣʶȤ޼֮ƣܷһͳأͷȻ벻ҵǿ˹ɣ
޵֮Ψ徲徲徲ѡ
ջ۹⣬̾ͬʯ֮ϵƽȻһЦʵΪɣ
ƽڴ鶯һɵõɡ
Ǻǣ΢΢ҡͷƸģĿĵʹͷЩĪζǻûʧǰңȻһʱŪŴϵĵףĪ˵ϣšγѳأһһΪֶΣȴɱֹ᲻ݣͷһ񡣿ɱ
ƽһ޵־粻װ
ˣǺǡ˰ֻ֣ͷࡣԶԶǰӰʧת̧ͷ
ʮ֮⣬һǾۣ֪֮䣬ǰȻͷʹȻ常֡˵ڵءǷӦԼ޹أΪԼ˵ľģѪǣǱԵʡ
λƣ˾ҪǶ
ǡڴʱһ˲䣬µ˽׹

ӰһԾɡʮʯٿ˫˫ٴηݶϡ
ľŰʮ㡣һ٣ס£âһ󼱾һץţȻǽŲմضȫֻ֮ʩΪ
ʱһļ١Ծʮʯ֮۽𷢵Ȼģò޳ɵԪ֮壬ڷŵķһ֮бȻͣЪȼ֮ǿʩչΪ˵³ֻһɢ
ȥɵ۴Уʲôֲһһ룬ȵֹŽſڣһʶô֮ͳĻֵܣ·нˡ

һƺһȴ޴ѣһαץŷ
ת˲֮䣬Ծʯ׵ľŰٰʮ㡢Űپʮ㡣ۣ֮ѲɡӰʱҪɢ֮С
أͷĴֲôһһҪĻҴ𣺡ǺֵܣóȫһأǲȻĵȴ˿ա
һȻסתס
üĿʲ壬Ϥڡвı׳еֻһֳȻ̧ͷ£һֻ֣һļͷƵЦǲˡ
һ仰û˵꣬һâɢȥε˲䣬ͻȻһõĽɫӰ͵ؽһת˫˫ȥ
һʧɼշ˾֮ۡɫâĿǸŵƬ
ֵܣԵٻᡭͳĻһķ硣
һȻһᣬʱѡڰգĿǽɫӰٿȻС䵭˲ֻʣ΢һ˿ع֮䡣

һȻתץȥֻסһ˿лꡣǵĽɫӰȴָ⻬䣬һֻƮá
һ
һĿѣ˰ڰץ衣鼱֮Уֻ̧ӳһ̴ĹâӰɢһɲǣѱ뻳С
Ҿ
֪䣬һ˫ءȻңأʧǵĽ߬һֻӨ̴˻ӵĻɴǲ֮ܡ´ʱڵһƬ֮УһССӰ
״һϲĪ͸ʪʧֵܻûɣ߲ˡΨʧæ֮ʣĶһӯĹâʱѽС
ͬʱطζ¡
һȻһ崵ƽ˫һŹâѹ֮Сħ磬Ĳлٲʧ
ԵֵĽȥ˺δ
һδɫһ䡣ͷ֮ϣƬ񷡭


1058 ޱ֮
һ֮ʣ֮κ䡣
ɫĹâȻĪ⣬ȴѴķ£Ϊһкھ֮ϡ˲䣬ɸߴŵƬ顱һը
֮ɲǣɫĹâͻȻҫһ׵»ֱ·Ӱֶȥ
ۣ֮һȻԡɫâ֮£֮ǰľȡĪӿ֫ٺħΪȻ֮ĲˣǵΪɫ»
ɫâ£۷һ̣ؼٲ絴һ㳾һӰԶ·𡣽ûˣˣˣˣ
ӵλǰͷǸҵӵԼڶޡſž֮۵״Դ֮ҩ£Ųټʮūһһ
˲䣬ѱƽ۵⡣оâȲСӵǶƶޱȻɫâƬ֮Уؽɵ۵ĴɣߣĻԵɵóѣһ롭
Ӹ˵Σȥ̧֮ǰһ㡣
һƬɫĹâƾնʱķѸɡɵĿΣȻ֮ϵĹ¶Ӱ
ӵȸû뵽ӻȷѣæͣرܡ˲ԣһǰĦȭƶԾԾԡ
ת֮䣬طƱãĹƴɱֱƾ֮ۡɫâɫ»֮£һ˫ĿնȻ
ɫĹâ֮У̺ž쳣̫֮ɲǣ֫ٺʹ̩ȻҡΪ֮ӯЩԪ֮ӰΪ˳˺Ľһִ˵ĳھ磬ƵȬħͬ˺ڵΪַǲѡ
ʧȥ֮󣬵õôһĪΪνɵ۴Уˣ̫򵥡
ѵƬ֮Уʲô
һ»źԶŵϢƶ͸޾Ĳɣµĳ֮ƬƬʶתһķģɱƪ׵
ڴʱɱ˷ڱ»δȻһʱŲŲۿűҪûھκ֮Уһüĵӡ΢ĹâٻĬֵ֮һǰͻȻƾðĵӰΪߣɷƶаɭȻߣȻҿ죻ߵֵܣԵ£ѴӺĺڣ˫˫ڵΪĿǺֹ
ĽҪͷһƴˣ
ĵӰȻ̳ɫâµľ֮ۡǰħŨüкû˿ĳɣ˫ֿӰһӳһӳֵķĽȥʮʮһˡʮ֮һʮգ֮䣬ǧӳӡ
ǿƣѱƵ˰֮⡣ˡꡢ衢УԼʤĽâ֮ռ
ħ̧һ㣬һġʮɵľ޸ƿնѪţЮϵƺݺȥ
ɲǣ޸ȻʧһѪս죬ޡƳգֱأ

һէӡһħ޸ӭײϮĹơһѪձ̢Ȼŭϯɨ˷
˾ʹȽⲻѡ
ӳֲ飬ֻ뽫һݽһȥھ֮ǰޱУĪĻԵСӶר
ʶӼԡ޽ǿͨɾڵķΪҪȥһŽɾС׾֮£οСæŽɴУϾܡˣ
˭ϳ֮ĵӰηس˹ʹ΢΢һСзҼΪı뺷⣬ޣǰ󲻹Ƭ̵ĹѴ˵ΪɵĳڡޱУ˵ãݴ
Ӱȵʱ˫Ȼ֡ΣΪ㵣Ǿ޸֮ȽСڸֵȫһ
ôأֻƾͨԽɱˡȻɷֻҲû˵
ͨ죬ټɵ۵ĴСʱգСӡ
δ룬޽ѹƲ١˫ͨײŷĿΪˣò֮ģȥɡ
ϴϢ֮䣬һĲҺ
Ȼסɫ
ħ޾޸ʧ֮ʣд档һѪ⣬Ȼ֮߰ԶӵѼ˺Ψ޼ҵܲ˲ѱɷ顣µڶ龪㵣һʱû˭ٸǰ
δȫֻ֡޹⣬ת
ܿŰδɢħСˤ˳ȥ˺ֵֵתһˤ˾֮ϣ漴̷ɳһ޴󰭡Ϊ׵Сӣ𷽲ӵšɫâڣвδֹ
ߣ˺ǿסϷһ㻹ܳŵ˶ã
۹â˵ɵ۴УҽУȾָɱһ޼Ҳ͡仰δ˵꣬ӰȻɢת˲ѽ֮۸Χʥ޸ǲֻΧ֮٣κ˵ƹ¡ûνɵ۵ĴвĶݣ
һ£ȻϾСӵ·԰ȴֽס׿ȥӵڳɣ˼ǲѲ²⡣ĻʮλͬԶǺ⣿ܲ࣬ηװһغͿû¡
ãҪٴζ֣ǰ˳ŭȡ
λͬƣĪĳ顭
֮۵İԶһħȻڵġ֮⣬ΧһȦӰԶӵǰֵ֣ɢֱһ˼ǰδеȻ壬üɱŨء
ħӡһȴҪһֵܵſ꼰𡣶ǵޱĻԵֻƾ֮ǰΪŵ³ֻ»һΣ
ħӡֻҪմѪ᲻׳ħ޵ķ
Ǻǣ飿Բѡһ䣬ӿȺһ٣ʱЦһһ㲻ΪԼޱ֮ɡɫмһӣԶʾ˰㵢ȥ޷Ҫռɵ۴Сҵٲ֣ʱ̧һָƾն˲仯âֱǰХȥ
ͬʱԼ޼ҡҡҡ׼ҵĸ뷢ѣڶڽʥĴ·ӵϡ
һħһҧ°һ̧ɷ͵ΣȵֻҪӲޱ֮ҺΡȻ׳һɷף漴ħӡһȣǧ֮ڣΪвߣɱ
һһǽ۽𷢵ģٲһƻȻɡֳֽ𽣣Ծ𣬳ǰĽʥޣ伷һ仰ĪҲӡߣɱ
ֵܣȻʮɵľǣŭ𣺡ɱ


1059 Ѫս̺
ɫâ֮Уʮɵһ֮ϣһĿӿնµһ»أԻϢط뵽ʶͷöȻ
ϵɣžٲ綦УѳһѪأ
ֵܵһλΪ׳Ǹʮʿֻˣ˺ۡ˻һӰǰһλ׳ҶҶïͬѵжֵΧһˤھʯ֮ϣ漴ַսֹ
غ֮ʮλʿֵ˺ƬʿӿƸʢ
һ𣬶Գ뵽ӿȺ֮СʧΨһĽâշ衣ѪưĽһһ޻ꡣԷΪڶ࣬һʱɱʤɱʥǼһԼ֮㵽ԶΪթ黫
ֵܲӦ˳û˱
ֻóˣּ̧Ľâʱ콣󡣶вΪ·ʹŸ

顢顪
һٵǿϮ֮£ݾ͵Ľҡҡ׹Уֵһ˫˫ˤ˾ʯ֮ϡ˸ߴķѳΣԴűѪӭһĶ֡
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ԶȺеļЦݣеĪСҪδ䣬ͻȻһɫ硣һܣ顱һըѪм
ܾȺ𺧡ǵɫ磬Ȼһ쭺ɨȥʱǺѪƬĹΪ֮һ١ֱʱ֮ǰӰʧȴͻȻðֳֽĿɿڴĽʥ
Ϻ󡭡Ϻ󡭡
ʥŵŤͷܣС٣ûסһֻҪԴ
δ׷ϣȻʧΧֵܵȺУ˲һ⡣ת֮䣬˼ꡭ

һѪս̺һΨݡ
䡪
ľ֮Уһħ𵹷˳ȥʤν˳ԶЦϷ޵ͻѡ
һħڰ֮У˫ֵķˮһ㼲ɶȥΪޣħӡһվӡ˭Գʰ󣬱Ϊá޵ҪԼܻ׽
޼ҵ޽ħǴĦѾã䲻죬ȴһ֪ƽͬʱ˿˿Ƶɷ׻֮ɳľʮɣȻͣƾճһâϮȥ
ʱӵҵʿϹۣΨ޼ҵİٶ֮ɢǰۿһħ޿ӣ̧һָ߳ǣΪ磬ܣҽ޽Դɷ֮һСδСáΪ֮ʣʩչΪޱɵ۴Уѹ˲ࡣ
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ֻܣȻһͨȥһŰɴСĹâʵʵؽһΧСڴʱǰͻȻ顱һը죬ȻƵĽ˺ѳһڣ֮Ӱ״޼ӵڵȺʱļ׻Լ赲˱Ϊҽ
Ȼá޽˭޼ҵĲ֮й¶ȥ
ɫڳҡСӵħ޷ž޸ͨ׷ȫ޶ҼΪѲ֮ͨ޽һʱɱ
⣬ʥӱܣڶһšСӽ۽𷢵ķ׺ǳû뻪ҵʿȺ֮дɱķŰ˸źֱײȻƵ֮ڲȴ
㵢ȥޱнʧ
ת۹ӹķ׷ӡȨӡλԼҵĵӱɱԹ˲ٿ֣һæ˹ȥ֮ڣȴԶߣӣ㲻λޱ֮ɣ
ĻŴʮλ֣ԼһһӰȻԶ
۹΢΢һ⶯£ڲɵؽʲôǹâµİȵΪޱвʧɱͽ

ѵ֮⣬һȺȻڻˡеҴ˵ƽӡ˾飬ڽԵ㷲ʵҵȱ㡭㡭
Σߡ
Ӻһ죬һĶɫ͸⡭
ûȤֻùɵسߵƽʼͷתԶ߶ͣҴΣֲޱ֮ΣһΪǣսķǽ˿ѪŰǻӽ󣬱ؽɵ֮徻ұ󡣶߳ƣݺ˭˵ֲұһء
˵ˣŮϧúҲĽӢۣ

顪
һѪĽ
ꡢꡪ
˺Ѵ̶֫ϱշ衣
սƬ̵Ĺʮʿ˴롣޶־תӴܡǽ۽𷢵Ӱʵѱ棬˷ʤ޴мܡ˻벻ηײбŰһ֣ʬ׷³ˣҶ㵽ǧ֮⣬
һֵܣԡѪɱһʿΧʥڶһνȺٿȻȥΡŽ顱һײһâ֮ϡ䱻͵һȭҳǰĽơѣʮǿĹͻȻϮ
䡪
һ֮У⧲͵ˤ˳ȥʮλʿƱƽͨ
ЩģǻȨӡ׷ӡˣΪɡɵĸ֡ԽȥһֺһǿƲɵʹ÷ŵΪ֮ת
һȥδͣȻΣ١ɣâһȻһʮɵĽɫڰҡͷβŲ裬ת˱ʮλ֡һ˲ʥ֡

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һ֮УӰɷ׻лΪҽµ޼ҵӱ˺ܣӵĺʱ˾ٴӿϡ
һħ׷ɱͣ£ס޺޵һڡʩչ׷ȺɱȽ޼ӵܣ赲ӵĹơϼһȴƲԼͷ˾
һ
ħһӭӡ䷨ʩչѪɫ޸ƿն
һ٣ּ̧һĹâ֪ǶǾ޸ɵҪͼıȻȥӿ޼ӵƲס塣
ħϾ룬߶޸ºݺȥŭȵ϶ߡ
֮£ħ޸һǧɵѪ⣬ʱ˺ѳպȻ¡һȺ޼ҵӶԴʧɫûмĳ赲û˭ѱһ٣ۿѪֽȥһӰͻ߳ˣĪɱ
ǻ̵̻Ⱥ֮ϣһӰԾ޸µѪ⣬Ȼ㲻˪͸һĨЩʧ䣬Ľѡ
ħüɷƣɱʢǰѰŮӣȻһڴһɲǣ֮ϵı΢΢ζ


1060 ޱ
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ħӡȫʩչȥƹ롣һصѪ֮£µ˶ȻҲһֱԶΪλڴʱð˳Ҫ޼ҵӣѰ
ħаȴ뱾һ塣֮ʣٲҶ룬͵ػӶ˫ּץȥкķȻת޸֮ܾջء˫𣬲һӰȥ
ӰӣȻңǡҵ㣬ӣ֣Ūˣеɽ𺣣УڼҲҪ㵲󡭡
֮УһǧɵѪޡ΢΢һɱټ漴ֺȻ£ˣӰأöįɫУ΢΢Ȼ
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һħյ˳ȥ顱һ˾֮ϡʱķѡһѲ֫ϱ֮Удͷ­ȻڽԶħ޸δ£ѱ˳ֻǰ˶Ȼ
ħ̾һ˫ۡ
ͬʱһıȴſһѪӹ¼ͷǵ»ɫâһͬٿȻʧؼϡһ֮һʮɵĽɫھʯϣٶǡ顢顱죬Ѫֵ׹£漴˫˫ȥ
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һ紵ƻ翪ĶȻ֮£ǸŵȻը֮ɲǣһɵǿջȻ֡
ޱУȻսᡣķ֮ڴʧ֮ʣȻĵӿ˾ʧ콵ʹȺȻפ
ͻȻֵǿ֮УǹڣֳһߴӰ
һλӣüĿϡɱ棬³ƮȻ̬ɣ䴹׸·۹ӰͶһƳһ㣬תһ˦ȥһʧǿյԶ
ʱ˿̣˽ϢƻõӰʧ֮ǿոŻȥ
˿ߣʧͼɵµͼڶʿȻæһó·һУΨʧ
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һĬĬ죬ǻһѪ벻Զʯϣħ޵Ĳ֫ϱѵֵܣԼطȴһϢ
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뵽˴ӿǰмغһСӣû˷л֮𣿾ޱ֮ҰĵǲСֻϧԵûɵµͼ֮кΣмƽϡ
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գǺǡͣ΢΢һЦǰŮӣº͵Ŀ˵ŶʹһشСǰһ޼ŵӣȴȡᲢ޺ӳϣֹˣޱУɱʦ棬Ѫޣ׮׮Ϊ֮ӡ仰һתȻ߳޼֮ŮӣǷǲֶ壿Ϸ
常ǰ˵ˡӵؿ£ŵؿӡԷδһϵĻӣ¡
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ŴԶ󻹸ʮɱ˵ӡޱ飬Ӱڰ֣ɵ˵常¡
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ӽҧ촽ٿȻתȻȥ
ӵȥδɿŽ飬Žǰһ˾˵λѣ£ܷԸĳߡ
Ÿӣ̧һӡʮӲԼͬһת˲Χ˾֮⣬ķŵһӣ˵³ɣ벻޼һ͡
ͷһȴɫ䣬˵Щ繦ҳݣ
ߣп֮󣬱ҲͣɱˣһжΪӰ޼ͼŲٴɫضһ䣬ǰ
ɫһæȥ˵ҡԼҵΪһҪôһˡп֮󣬾Ȼ޶ֲǰԹۣԭ϶һС
һʱɱˣΪҪءһԵӵ˼ȴӶ˵طԸ£ߣøҵļʡ
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ǹԹԵؽУҪԶ֡
ŵĻȴķžʮӣѸԴֻһԸɷһΪɺڵĸ֣Χ֮£ȻɾǰҲԵֵһʧȥ̵Сͺм֮˿յһڽӣ
һ̣һͷɫĮȻʮΪµĶδϻⲽʵΪС˵֮䣬ĬĬķѵħԼǱֵܣɵǳ鴤۹пɬŨ
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һ£漴üӡԼԶʯϣħֵʱӰʣΪУתˡŲæվѭȥ
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ȴɢӨӨĹâ֮ϣһӰΪĿԻŵƣ°һ̧ɱޱߵĺ⣬һһٵ˵ޱ֮Ҫɱң֣ܶ
ҡҡͷʧЦ˴ɵ۵ĹУ㻹ΪԼޱ֮ʾһǲȻ
ŵôԣڳĽǧ֮ڽһ


1061 ҵִ
˴ɵ۵ĴУָ𴦲УҪѰģһ飿˵νġʾɵ۵ĴиΪش󡭡
֮ʣӰ˼ѣ漴ɻ󲻽⡣ȷǴУСӵΪͻǣ
뵽˴ӵ۹ӹܡԶ˾ɫӡƽ˾һԹߣСԳޱ֮ס˲ˡ
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źĬƵ͸΢΢з˫ۣǸŻ۵ӰƬ̣˵ɵƣڿ֮ʣ֮ʹмһΪէһʱõ˴УʵȻһ٣ֹ
֮ϣһɢƣѴ˺ڵԲŻ䣬ΪȻɺԲľ硣Է׹ٴαʵʾƪġ
Ȼһ֪ʣĵõ˴Уޱؾ洫С仰м١˵һ룬ɫһŭСӣ㵨ŵĻ
ߣ֮ԣ޷ʥŮȻһʱȴһһ˫üһ˵ʾƪɵ֮ʦۿˡ澭֮⣬һƪ֪١һתв֪˭˭Ļ
Ŵ㵣βסͷľϲ֪ʧԣ⣬ʱ˿̣ٹ˲࣬ȵ㡭Ȼõˡʾһƪ񾭡ٽ
һ۹һػصĳûСʾ޸ϵǿǾ仰Ȼɤ˫ſȵ԰ھ֮ϣȻ
ɫѿͷȻ˵棬ֺαѿࡣ̧ݹ᾵֣Ҫǲ֪Сʩɫ
ڴ˿̣һͻȻӶ˫䡣޷֮£һƬƬѪɫƾնѸķת˲ɡǧɡȥ֮죬⧲
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һ֮ˣҸ翹ˣʩչͨδšδȴƷǷ߳ŭȵĶһ˿ңֻ뽫СӴҡּ̧һâܵʮͬʱѡ
ʮĹƣֱһϮȥԶ١ǿòʲôɷͨƾǿΪɸֻһ
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ŲŽ֣ĹѾû׻֮Сһƽٰ˺Ȼʹ˴ֲʮӻ֮ʣʿգѱΪҽ˵ȸԲֻԶݣΨֱ֮
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ɾ֮ϣһƮƮҷҫѪâչ˫۰Ȼյģһ齵ֻΪⷽػѪĵ
ŵĽĿѡ
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顪
һŰɫâӰͻȻ͸˲赲嵽޺ӵǰԷеľϲ̧һӰΪһ˲ԶͬʱԸͬǧɡ
ת֮䣬˵ǧ֮⡣˴ȻѪԻһѶ޺ӣ΢΢¡һѪߣֱǿ¡ʲųѪ׹⣬ȫƾΪӲ֮Ȼ⣡
޺δȣ߶ס£Ҵһֻкӽ󣬸ΡɫһԹ
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ļҵʿһɱʮ֮ࡣҶưոݡ
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µһˣԼĺʿѶ㵽ʮ֮ǸԶ˾ǣǰȥһ⣬ٿԱ򡣶һڻؾԼΪãС
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ߣͨԼԶѲڣ˿̱ƴΪҲʰ㡭Ϊüƣһתķʿһ֮ɲ֮䣬ٵ֡âƴʢֱѹȥѪ׹ȴȻȴ
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Ƭ֮Ϯıâ¡𲢻һ᲻ɴݵľǽȻƵ֮⡣Уͺƾһļ尾иʱҷ
ƾһʽֻͨɵȻһƴ֮Ծʹ˷
ӣһǰǷµһ߰ĵȴһ³νѭԲԡĲ㣡Ҫ˵һΪӺúûţе覣
ҶһǻִࡣҲȥҪһȥԵֵܣ
һˣΪŮȥֵܣͬҲΪֵܶ塣ʧģȻҵִš

һķǱâľǽѱƵİ֮⡣
һѪڡΪˮйȥΪ̡˫ֵ̧üģӡ΢΢˲䣬ħĺɫӡٿȻ١


1062 
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һأȻ壬սǿڣȻ۶ķʵ̾ΪֹԵɺϣɵΪԷ֮ǿ󣬸޴ӵλһĸ֣ʮ˸ݺĴڡ˫ӮӦûκε
ǡѵһĴսһֵʱǷǳȴͻȻý˺ǲ⡣
˾ĿǰԸпһ󣬽סҡͷ˵֣Ϊһҵ㵨Сηֻպ»
λеӸԶΪȻ˵ٻˣǬʼԿر仯
ƽ΢΢ף͵ȣ˺ʶýߣ°
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۹ⶾ˵һ㶼١ޱΧʩչݷһűƴΪճԿĻԼħ֮Ϊݽߡ
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һޣͬġħķ٣ľΪʹñʧȥұۣΪ꼰֮Ʋᡣ˳ķıâѩ
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һ۹Ƴָ̧죬˵ȥǧǷǸ·ĳͨΪ˵֮䣬ŹâȽȽգżķ׹͵ػӱۼ䣬ȵѪɷΪħ֮£ԩ꣡ϺڣµһɲǣܵĹâȻըʱһ޶ĿѪ⡣׻ڰеһ漴䡱һŭȥ
һ̣ȻǼʶĻţҲΪǰһо㵲ѡѪ׻ɽХһغƽٴӿնŰɱۻƣ˸޴ӵֵֻ
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Ƭ֮æҶ̵ֲֻӰͣһȻδǿɲѪ׹⣬ֱϯ˰﷽ԲŻֹסȥơڣɱֹ
ԶԶȥһҰҰͻŲĪأȴֽ˻̿ͣʩչ֮ͨˣǲδû׷
ʥڴŴҡڼÿ죬Ȼɾ鷳ˣҵƴǰܻغ߼߼Ρ˵ûߡǰ˰࡭
ǧƴòٸΪ£˭뱻СӸɱһٶ࣬δ⡣Ѫ𰡣һ
һҧгݹ󣬽ʥԶһڡԣӱ겻һҸš
ʥڷݵʱӵɫҲÿ޼ҵĸֻ֣°ҡ߲ö˵԰һͣһԽСΪֵһᡣǧ֮ڣȴԸһˡ޼ԹˣͽǣǿĪľ߸ϵʥŮֽλö֪
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ʮ⣬޺ӵıӰһ˫ﾡŭ⡣ʺһǻ˴ǰ֮顣ѵһأ˵³ߡ
ޱɾ֮Уֻӡƽ˾кз㵽˰ʮԶһʽͨν춯أԲ첻ѡ
ĬĬԶûɵ̾һӵȥʹȻʧһٲѡԼˣҲСƲá˲ͬ찡ĳ˵ĻԵڣѲֻöһ徲
һƳͷζƽԼҵӣ޲Ǿķ¶۵顣תһԵӣ˵˼ҸհԶӽһ򡭡
޼ҵȺ֮УЦˡһԸӶԻæ⡣ֻҡҡͷЩĳɣ˵һĽδ
ǡڴʱԶͻȻ˳еһ㷨ʧ
ѭȥⲻѡ
ķѪ׹⣬ҵɢȻصӰȻһͷ°ա
ͬʱӰƿնĴ𣺡˭Ҷˡ


1063 ǧ
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Ϥһʦһλ֮£նޱУȴ¾ԼٸֵΧڷһδСȣԾŲףæֽ֮һʱ̰˱֪ȺһڣԵɡ񣬳ʦǸȻף˵ǷѴ˽⣬ӻǲţʦսȺۣƵ޼ҵ޼޼ƿʩ٣Ϊľټλǰˣʱνշǳ˭ȴһʽͨشʮλˣնɱʿ֮ڡһ̣ɾ¶ݡ
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ӽӹеľһԺ£ٴĬȻ֮Сйޱɾķ紫жţ䲻ʵαѱ棬Ȼȡʱ׿˵ĸܸΪǿҡ
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ӳüʶɫڵڵһհԵӲܡ
ڷвޣ˵ߣңæѰʦɾ䣬˭˵࡭ʦɻŷ˵ɾһ仰ˡޱؾ洫С˵ɾ֮Уɵ۴Сȴ϶ʦһУΣ޴֪
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Ӳδ죬΢΢һ̾ˡ
һʦ˸ҹϵĽ֮𣬳Ϊɵ۴һ׮£ʦΪλ˵˻ڷв⣬˼ڴʱһλͬŵʦԶæʦʦ֣²ˣڶ޴󡭡

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ⷬǨŭ벻֮⣬ŮӺ޶ԡĬȻƬ̣˵ʱգȻĶ֡
ȻͨˣȴΪ˺ľΪҶ֣ӣ𡭡ŵԹЩҲסˡһֿɵãȴûˡʮūٸ֣ȻʰһֻΪСʵ޴棡
֮УŮӱһƬƶĵȻȴĪ⡣ӣҲԶ˵ǿߣΪԡıȱһɣ֮𣬸֮־ȡ
֮⣬СɵתŵɫЩѿ֪ˣʨ֮ȫΪƽοգ
ɵѻɢת֮˵ŮͷҲأֵһԡʾȴʧڵࡣڸɽ֮ʣ˼ܣǿ֮ɼһߡ
ɫһӲͷƤ˵ҷųޱؾ洫СǾ仰֪ʾĴڡ
Ů֪Ųϴӷ˵һõˡ澭롶Ѱɾ֮ǰ֪񾭡Ĵڡһ룬ིתֵˣֻһʱ֮
ŻȻһǵʮ֮ǰйɾ䣬ųޱؾ洫С仰СӻţػѰư죬̾νıѹ˽֣ʥŮ֮¡
ӣǾʥŮıһ˵΢΢ҡҡͷһŮӣĻȥں֮𣿴ǰԻŵİнҪ֤ʵһˡһ׮¡һλǿߣޱɾ֮У׶ǰһУҲòɣ
ȴģһΡʧȥģս֮ǰһбעģֻһֻء
֪ʥŮܺʢ̺ĪɱȴԹʧ䡣һԵĻŲвӶǰȥ
ת۵ĹǷӿϢããƺȻһ١˲䣬֮һëȻ
裬ʥŮ̧һ㡣һ֮У֮ͻȻҫһĿĹâ֮ɲǣ۹֮ΪǧƺȻɭȻ֮С
Ƭ֮ƺָ
ֱʱʥŮתԶĻ۲ѣĵʵİ·ԶɷͨΣܷеùһʽ
βܣԶɷȻǴ۽磡̾ʥŮΪǿȴٳ֡סʵв֪һʽͨƣ
ʥŮƴããǧ١Ҫһʽͨӡҳ֮ΪᡯȻŶʣַԸһ֮أǲֻûǧĹȬ֮ǰɾͬʱҪ֣ٽźɻūԱʱ֮áȥɡ
Ҫɷת֮ʣ׷һ䡣
Զ˺뷨ʦͽУкβɡʥŮ˵űӰԶȥƺ߽Ŀǣǧǧᣬ٣ӣΪʦ˽һУɺá


1064 ʮ֮
һĶ֮УŮԶ
С֮ˣӣﻹһᡣʦͻȻ٣ʹЩ֪롣
һɴ棬ǾʥŮ۹еĻ֮΢΢һ٣ת򶴿һԲ
ʦϢŭֻѰػϾңŴ˴˼䣬𷣡ɫ΢Сʦηмӣ档֪һӰľִٲ
Ƭ֮ʥŮת˵Ҳ㽫Ҵ֮ߣԭΨ𣬷ɵгɡ
ҧ촽̧һƳʦݲɴȻɫһֱΪ˼ҶԻ˼ɣԭˣ
һѣ˶ķɣ
ʦĻºͣ޶ŭ֮⡣Ӱ˿Ҫᣬֳãʵʦ˼Ƿת֮˵
ʥŮǰĵӣһᣬʵֻسڣ̸ֺ벻ţĪ£
ӵͷһңԼΣӲԣʲһ˵ˡ
ʥŮ۹ӹӣδип˵ɵ¼įֺαȥƽʲôǰأҵΪŮӣΪװҲ˵ɣնϡҵ黳ãȻ
ʦн̻壬ұ˷ɣȴԵ׵ʹ
ʥŮ̾ǰκԵ˭ӵѡùأˣȻţҪȥǳתļ尾ɹǵĿʹ
ѲɡѲɣžΪһԵӵĻת
ʥŮڶⲽԹ˵ŮˮǧֻΪΪˣһƬƮƣȻ벻顭
΢΢ʧǰɸֳ龰ǵصĺڰ֮Уƶƣ졭
ŮΪΪаǧӣԹ޻ڣʥŮĻЩƮʱƶˣתּ׹Ԩ
ʦΪؿţأ׶档ĲϣһĨϼ졣
ΪʥŮһ٣ЩЦ⣬˵⻰ȥˡ
ûСӽסһ
ʥŮΪȻҡҡͷ˵һֶΪ仰һתʵӣΪʦһ󡭡ͻȻΪȫƣͬý˵
ֱʱʦŵ⡣ӷ·ҵ˼̧ͷ˵޸Ҳӡ԰գʦͽĬĬ꣬Ϊӵ̲ס۹ܡ
ʥŮǺЦһοģ˵ԺΪʦΪɷͨڡ
ʦԼΪ֮٣ҪɷȻ֮²룬ֻͷһůæлʵв֪ʦкηԸ
ʥŮǷһ׮£˵Ϊг֮˵١
ѵüʦ˵ºӴӦǡԷȴĵĿǽ˵ɱӣŲΪʦһ࡭
̴΢ţﲻѡʦԼȥɱ常Ī˵˾ԼҲ常ĶְʦΥǺá
ǺǣΪʦΪѣøŮ˷Ŀɳ𣡡ʥŮЦһڷԸҪ˼룡Ϊʦչذꡭ԰գٲ˵תƮȻȥ
ǷͣùŻǰ¡
ʦһһУȻͬ˼ҰԼΪɷνʦԼǺҲɣǳ˲Т֮ͽ
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һȻ˵ǰȴһһͷֻһѪǣ̫ж޷رܡŻתʦѰʦֽ̣˭ѳΪʸ֮䲻
һ㶨Ȼӣ
ޱ֮Уս֮ʱ常˵֣ٴȥⲻ˲ء㣬˫Ϊѡ
ʱ䲻޼ҵӱɱȴԸ¡常޺ӳϣѲҵĲͬ˵ֻұ˳棬ܱ֡鼱֮Уұδ롣˭ΪҾȻ˵ķ񡭡
常ԶţֲΥŵķԸһֻ̣Ȼȥ
һΪڹȥһ׮ԵһУ޹ذϣһȥкηֻӣעԵ
ʮȥԸ㰲Ȼ

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Ӳ󣬰˼ңһ೤ĽֵᶫеĶΪʿһӰҴҶɫ̡̻
ͷһҾǰӵԱλʿеӣһһŽΪһ˽һλͬŽ𵤵ľ磬ȴһŵĻΪۣĺ⣬ٲȻǸ׶ӵģ
úõһţôûˣʵʹֵһ߸ӳ̾һִյ˵ȫ֣˱Է԰һͷûˣžƱ£ЦѣʮȻʦųûдһ𵤵ӡ
ΪѵӣΪͶŶ֮ɽѸĻͥʢһʱľŲڡʧ֮࣬ǰλȫ֡ԷǾŵӣȴΪ޼ҿɹһɢޡ
䴫ԣŵǰһҹ֮ʧ٣棡ֲֽ֮ʣΪԼϱơ
һλʿ׺ݣǸ࣬һ˱ž̳ںֹȫҴһ£Ӵ꣬Ҿŵֳֻǰ⡣󣬲˼ҷءҼλϣе顢ԪӤǰȻԶȥΪأǺҲ֪ɽֻʣҵȽ𵤡С
λֳ񣬲ΪڵǰˣԵ̾һĵȰ˵⣬ֵҽҿ䳤֮λɽѱռݣڶľŵ޴ȥܽλ𵤸֣һ˵νôࡣ
ҼֳȻлת֮աȫְֻؾǸɴࡣΪӣʦԼ֪١ʼռžŲʹųɽѰٵȴ
ҡҡͷ˵ݴ˷ֽڵ޽ΪˣǺʮλ֮ࡣΪˣŶ˸ˣǰίȫŵ³ֳֵܿȻ䲻ȴл֮
Ͷ࣬ȫֵɫʱ˦ֶ¾ƱҪȥ˭һڵӰƹģϾ⡭
ϵѪȵɷԴеɣ˭ˣȫѶʱɫҪرȴŲ벽
ƹһߣôǸʿȴ̱ݵĵϸ˵ֵӰҴܣٲ缦ɹ
λĸߴĺӣܻҵδʿŲ̧ȥ߳
ȫŵò֪룬˭һ˶ӰٿȻӭȥ


1065 ɽ
ţ塣
Ƿ۵ʯͤڣһӡʯ̨ͤ׵ԣбʮλòͬȴŵ׳
˷ΪֻһԵĿյֶɫ۹͸Ρ
ߣѰŵ䣬ȴ񲻼ߣǻӡǿ׳죬̬˵߳Ǻε仰䣬Ե׳ƿڴ
¼ʿΥǻòͷˡ
˺ţɱӡ
ɽ֮ϣʱŨصɱǿƱļ͡ӽס̧ĵʥ𡢸λǰŭʵпԣ
֮УԳߵģ˽ʥûˡӾʧģмЦһȵ˵Ҳǵõ֮ˣǿ֮лʵ
ǣ˵ɾת֮󣬾ŵڶѲ֪ȥ򡭡
ߣ˲ʮأҵȵƿСŪɣʥһɣִӣȵйȦأĺš
ӹףӲͷƤΪһڶǰɾ֮ǰѰǲɢ˾ŵӡðǰĻ֪ӣŲѶΪ֮һתֹ˫֣С˵µ߱죬ҪǰѰŵ䡭
ʥҪˣ磬ȴ̬һΪõص˵ͷȻϵغȵһѰŻһ䣬Ҽʱӳ򣬺ߡ
Ӱ˿вˣɫһ䡣
пЦһ׳ЮһԪӤʿɽ֮ϡǰǰΪŵĵӡ
СϸƤ⣬ϲ׳֮˵ؽŮ§ڻУ˫겻ͣԷǳ˷ܷʯͤԵһͬ鴹߶Цѡ
ĿɲǣúűռҲͰˣӵ裿ٹ˲õӣǰһȻŭȣŵ£ס֡
顪
ӻųڣ§Ů޵ĺһ߷ɳȥһ֣͵ײʮɽ֮ϣ֡ͨ׹أסһѪҡҡλվ𣬲ԶʱһĺȻЦһĺʦҡ
һۣɫ࣬ⲽһﻢ֮˵ʥٸжұ⣬Ѱ޼ҡ׼ָ˵ǺȻѪȴȻ壬ʯͤжĽʥȻɫɱҺǧʿݣѰҾһ£ˡѴ
ų˵ļһںЦѰףҳȫ㡭ҪףʥתӣسˣҵȽΪˣõи˵ģ
ǺӲ棬ֻĥĥɿеļˣûݺšһѣһЦŵŮ޷ңˮ߷߽ӵرӡ
ʥ̧ź룬˸ɭȻĹâ˵ӣѰһ䣬ʣ
ǰֹŮӣȻࡣŽʥֳǣһһС塣
ǧһɽ֮Уڷ뼸ʦֵӭ˹Թ˵ʦǰҵȿ벽·ĵĴѳ˽ʿٲɴ˽Զȥ
ӿ·һۣأԺǰڷæ뼸ʦֵȥ׷ʵʦ˼ˡ
һɵ֮⣬̧ͣͷǾ޴ĺǣ̾һɵطԸڷ磡ȽŵӸϷǲɢѰΪڣһ
ڷ뼸λʦֵԡ޺УвڵԻɽŵĵز
ʮֻǱ裡Ϸп֮ȴӣ¡ӽ󣬻һâѵŮӰת𡣴ڷ뼸ʦֵܽɫضҵ¡

ţһСšڷ֮ǰΪŵǰ֡
ŵĳշϣӸֶӸٷ磬ƮݡԶɽдУɫס۹ȫġ޴⣡
һλüĿȺ͵ߴҴҸǰ˵ӣѽԺŵĵӰ׵
΢΢ףԶĬȻ
ӲҾţתȻȥ
Ƭ֮룬΢΢ֵ̾ܣԭ㵱϶˽յһУѰº֣
˲֪ŵĸ־ʧ١ȻʥǰѰ𡣶˿գֻһǻŭй˺ŵͷϡ
ֵܣϸҺÿడ
߼ͬǶ꣡ʥİޣȻΪСΪ޼֮ʣ޷жһԸֵܣ
Ѱ׼ҳֹ˭ԱϾȻǸӶŵмѻأҵ޿֮ˡǻһƬŰΪ
ƣұдΡֵܣӦ֮ˣû䡭
ʦеҵǲɢһգʦֵܴԶ硭
ת
ڷʦһ֮ǽסɫȻʮ޵ѹ֮£νܼ尾ʿΪԼ֮ӵŵȥԲɽţǻɵҵֱʱӿͷʵԳܣ
˻֣תԶ˵ɽɣƼȡн𣬺첻
ɽڣΪƵı仯Ǩʦֵɢȥвδսᣬű㲻ڷ糤һȻͷᡣǷ˵лʦ̻壡֪ԺָΡ
˴Ǿ֮ءΪʦȥѰҾŵ䣡
ڷ罥ָ˳̬ʦһ˵ɲ⼸䣬ҵ޽Ѱŵ䣬һѵʦѻϤūһеĶ򡭡
֮û֪ŵȥ򣡡΢΢ҡͷ
ڷʧ䣬ʦδѣΪıþŶǿеѰ𡣼Ȼˣ޴Ӽƽϡ
ȻѰкηѰţѰǸʦ䡣Ψһɨļڣ˵
ڷδӦʦӾ
֮⣬Ӱһǰһ׷ͣǰŻη˶ĸߴĿ
ӡ
ڷȻʧͷǱ׷ɱߣǳӣ֪Ϊλڴʱȥ˵Ѱŵ䡭
ǡڴʱ׷е˵ʮ⡣ǲһɽ˹ӾǴ⣬Ťͷٺһ֣ƿһʧȥΡ׷֮˸Ŵһ漴ʩչݷ׷ᡣ
ͬʱɽϵһʦͽΪĬ˫˫ڿռ׷ȥ


1066 
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ӷȥƣͷڵİǣѱǵı󡣴˴ɽҶ˽ʥ޵ʶ졣
ڷ۹Ѳ߮з֣æѵʦǰһ
˵Ǻ˵ǺеһССʯڲӿ֮䣬ԶԶȥۡԼ⣬ɼ֮йâĶ
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Ƭ̣һϤӰǰĽʯϷҡǻĵ˶ټĺЦǡӰֽ޶ֹĪ
λˣȭˣ
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ӣģǺڵΪ׷ɱߺڣūءڷȻѣʡӵǲŲæ̧ʾ£˵ʦͽΨֲݣβҵ
ֽʦͽƬ̣ͻȻ£סͷһתȥֱԹģ԰ǸֵͰٷޣ㰵ʹòߺߡ䷨йâȥ·ĺˮֳһҵĽʯѪ߲߰ɱңȻһսŹأסٺֵƾ衶޽ɱһɸֵ֣Ҳû¡
ʦͽ˺еĽʯϣһˡ΢΢ݣ޵ֻգյͣʩӽ֮ɱ֮еıʤǿĪǡ۹ڳӵϣȻֵٲޣԻ˶Ŀ
ʮ겻λŵĳǺڵΪЩɱСĲһᡣȻˣüɱһǿĶ֣ʵ
ԲӣޣͬӺܲҡҡͷתµؿһһʯӦǷɱ񡣽ʯͻȻкʱƾնͷ೤ޣª伱æȭͻ顢顱޲ֵ˫˫ɳʮ׹뺣СæŴеֳֳļһˡ
ȴ˲ʧʦͽתųһڴССӿ˶ȴǿ˵ޣûšޣ봫ǿġ޽ȻֵܰѲ˸ϵ
գν֣ӻĥеĶԹ˵ɶãЩĻԲܳԡȲܺȣ߯ˡҡŴԴֵŶ죬ֵӦйһ
Ե֣ڷ̲סǰһЩʵʦԵžŵİΣūӿɺãȥ˺δ
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ڷɫΣЦĻҲĻһλӿжһĨɫʣǷϵҲ˼ֵڴ
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ڷ簵ԿοһŷŵĻͷֺõ˵ʶ꣬ѵΪѰȴϣڷ̾簡ʱΪȻԲľ磬԰ͬˣӱȽȴв硭
˵ЦͣһԵӲŴһӵʣȴǰڳģط꣬ҺһȻţԼһֵܵ䲻Զˡ
ʶꣿٺ١Ӻ񱻴£һʱ̸˴󷢣Цڷ磬㡭ԲصֵѳΪĸ֣˵˵һǺεȵΪ
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ûءҡͷԵһЦʣһʶ꣬һ߲СʿָΪ
ڷЩͿͷʦӣԷҲһãȻ״
ϣԴʱ㣬ٺ١˹ӣʵ˷ɽ٣ò塣λֵأˡ
ڷݴʦΪѶɾ磬սɾǰˣȻ·硭
ˡһ̯˵Ǿ硢Ϊ׳٣ɷءüɫ֮䣬һתĿ˵ʦͽͱڹάˣл
ӺǺһЦǰ˫֡
ʱһʦͽĬȻ
ӵûԼŵĶ̹档
ʮ֮ǰűѰּƽϡʮ֮ǰеһǧȻȥ㣬ѰҲһѡ
Ӵ˴רΪɽ١±ϣΪ䴫ﵽ˾ڵɽ̽ϢǡɺУȲ֮£ͦȵʿӴ֮ܵϡ
йؾǰǰľٶԴһδѡ
ūһǧӾδӻĪһ䣬޴ӵ֪
ٺ٣Ҵ˷ûŻȥūѾͷŹɭϣû˸档ʦͽͱϹֵֻܻת֮գɽŲ١˵ˣӰڰ־Ҫȥ

ȳתæԷֹԻԼۻʶ֮
ʮǰһ㽫һа׵ö룬ޱɾǰԤϡһȫе֮ˣ˽µͷ˵ȻԸ߹һٵ
ӳ£ʵв֪δ۹ɣæַ˵򲻿裬ҵѵȻ޴档ֵܻת֮ǰʦͽ޴ȥ
ٺ٣޷ͷƽЦͬΪˣԺζֵܣλԺ͸ңֲ˼硭
ɫһƳһԡӴڷĿԣԲȻĪ
Ͼ˵кһλɣȲݣҶܼգҲδ䣬ն𡭡

Զ羰ɽȣȪȡ
Ȫȣٴ󺣶Ⱥɽļ紺ŨԶ뷲Ƨʵһɶõ֮ءʮǰ˵ͻȻһɵ塣ƣͨһԶĵõˣ
һգһͥȻԴɽ֮䡣ͨģһΪ֮£̧ǰỮȥһâŤǰһ䣬ȻڵĶѨ֮С
δȣһģһӰɱȻƽæ˺һ˵λϴΪһ


1067 Ȼ
һϪˮƵɽ֮ϣǰʯԱߣΧһԻϡ
ԶΣɽ㡣֮УҷȻ
ʱĪ⣬ʦܲڰһλ־֮Ҷء˵֮ˣΪһòŮӡ䲢ģǸغĺӡ
һһŮޱɾĽһʯĲԶλߣֱ˸Եʦʤ
ʦٴޱɾһ޵һɵΪȴħһ壬Χ޾ɫɾɵٸѪսˣν̾
ǰޱɾһսһԶΪѰȴо֮٣ʵϡӸһ䣬˵񣬸ҾѰɾ䣬ѻҲ
һʦ˽ʮ꣬ת֮ȻҪһ˸Եӵ˵λ˼
Ƭ֮΢΢һЦһָ˵Сջ񰡣ҿޱ֮УСʾΣ
ʤ£º͵̬˵ҲᣬѴոȤȵָźЦ˵֮ˣ֮£֮壬һ塭
Ȼ³ֻϧָ۹ꡣ
㲻Ҳ϶ˡʤһ䣬תԶȺɽпɽκķԸ׶ʱǬ죬
Ϭһͨ˵ȻȺƷһ׮£ЦǺǣ綯׶Ķ
ʤأԶȴ֣µص˵ͷ
λ⾡ʹãȻ֮ʱȳԸ˴صڼɾĶֻһա

ޱɾرյİ֮
ǿĻ֮䣬λòڽǰСеһλƮȻʲ׼ҵ죻һλеȸͷ۹̬Ȼ˾ҵ
˼䣬
ķƮһʯСһ֮£ĿĿݺšէһݻĻ㱣
˾յΪ١;мįң쿴˾ҵûһһ䡣Է̬֣΢΢ЦֺαԷƱأҲ˺ڵСɾ磬˺ڵԲ
˰֣˵ҲȡЦ֮⣬ֻ򡭡ֻ򡭡̾һֹԴޱɾ֮йһжȻ졣Ըûˣˣ徻ûˣˡң԰˵˺ԲΪǽ᲻ͷʲôԵء
˼ǰУ˾ҵʵ˵һн飬ĪڵİΣ䣿
һҲйһ֮ԵΡ첻ΪȻҡҡͷ˵ؽѣ̸Ͻ顣İΣ䣬ﻹ¡
ôһȥǣ޼һ׼ңڲͣѰңȴʼһӰȥٵ֮ˣʹһиΪ˷룡
Ǻǣʱ鰡˾ҵԳһЦ˵֮ν˲ò࣡˳ϲۡǰɾ;Уйһżһͨͨˣպһװ״ύĻԵϧѣ
˾ҵ֮ԣ˲ͬζĨһѴϵĵףΡ˵˵ȥ벻ǸһֻĹâ̫ҫۣȻУ˭رأ
Ĳɵʱ˾ҵóһö˿תǰʾ֣Ǳɾ
һ޴ĲٽʮСļ֮Уоŷͻأֱ񷡣ԶԶȥΪ죡
ͼʾӦ˰ɡᵽͼޱɾɵƾܲ⣬һʱѭͼҵôһصڣ
ʱѷɵ˲֮ϣǻ˫˫ΡڴӦΪŷ֮һԶʣްٲɽ룬ȫһ˿һɾģ
ŵĵط󣬶ʮҵķԲϾĹˣ·ʯǵ赲ȫȻչӰ˼䣬ٲ絽һ䡭
˴Ϊ޼У˵߿
һȴӰ·ɽз޼ҵʿǰڳһе׺ƣ
΢΢üͷδ𻰡һԵ˾ҵΪޣ߳޼ҵֽٳҲνš
ߵΪڵľ磬תۼѽϵĶΧڵ䡣Էһߣٴɫ˵֮أȵȵã쾭壡ң׶ǿɣ
˾ҵԶŽ֮ʣѱʶݣȴȻƿţɴ˿ɼ޼ҵţ
ߣд
ͷ޼ٲûżֽ顣ͬˮٲȻһУ涯вֻ֪Σ
˾ҵͬΪĸ֮Цȫ֮⡣
˫ɱʢۿžҪֵòʰһλߴ·ɽð˳Ȱ˾Ϣŭ
ͬʱмӰԶƽش󺰵˭޼ΪУ
ǿŭѭȥĲ޼ҵӣǽڵĸӣһ֣һ߰ʹɫ
Σһ˾ҵʾ£һǰһŸӱ˹ȥ
޼ҵĵΪֵӣʹգԷЦ͡
ڰͣ£һתͷɽȡһƫƧɽϣӭֱĵӡ
˾ҵ˺֮ʣ̧ɽΡһ죬ȴ쳣֮ңʮ֮⣬µİɽȻˡʮʿ޼ҡ׼ҡң׼ҡƽ˾ռҵĵȴ޼
ߵһԣʵҼǵʮǰҸʮפɾԵֻʣλ˵һ룬ֲȻӣ˽ʿ޼ҵӣѲҲڴ˴ʮأ
ӵ׷ӣֻЦݹѵдһĨȥɫȻ˵޺нڣмѻأפأӲдˣһֵʮִϣˣκ·;ңԶ޴ֲȥֻɾŷ屻޼һһռݡ
һ˵ס̾һʮǰɾձѰ񣬶Ϊأ·;ңԶһʮµĹѶβ˾ҵŴųǰ鿴һ֪֮ŭգ
޼ƴΨ˶֮ҵȰΣݣʲΨֻǰȰ衭ɬȴֺǺһ֣˵Ǻǣ޼Ȼռŷ壬һʱˡ˵ΪɾȴʲôûУȻкη
ӺƱ˸ˣ֮ǰĽʣǶ˼ֵ̹ϡܴڴίȫʵסɾ֮УʲôûУ
΢΢㵡


1068 ֮
һ޴Ͽȣзӿǧ
ڸɽ֮У﷽ԲĹȵص䣬һŹֵԲ
ԲСΪʯͣ˫͹ӣоΣͨϽɫĹâɢĪƣԲΪУվɾţ˼ֵĪ⡣
֮£Ϊһ̶ԼĪаɷԲΪһ֣䲻̶ˮȴĪ⡣Ϊǣ̶ˮһӰ֫˫Ŀա
ʯ̶ܣʯݡʯ̨Σͬһڡ
ʱһȺ˴Զʯ̶İԶͣ½Ųǰλߺʲôһλڶ
̶ѳ˯꣬δѡȥͽ޹ҽ𴦡
򲻿ɣľΪֵ˯֮ʣŲ
ҳϣ̶ʥأغΪ
³ϣˣغ
ңҵ̶д˰֮ã㻹ƾһ֮ʣΪƾ
£Ϊȣм٣
ߣ˲һѰʿȫ֮Ϊ֤Ϊֹɡ
ߣת֮ʣԵףڣ˭
Ҿ崫УϵشǶϷ
֮Ϊ㲻ǶϷѰˣܵм̴ҵ
ִȥ޲һ䡭
ǰĳԣĪҪ˱˴˺

һȺˣеľλΪ
λ֮УǰΪסߣ룬ׯϣŭĿԲƢģߣ뷢Ұף絶̣ɫͬԵúִܹߣ׷ףЦǳࡣ
˽ɾڵΪִȰ˵ͬΪɾ֣ڡڲȣԱ˵ͷеĻʮˣӦνľӣһҳֻܸһ֡
ΣԾ˥Ϊأһͽû䰡ֹס˵Ųæ˵̶ԶŴ棬ΪĪ֮УѪٵΣΨɾáҾȡһѪ߱Ѱ崫ˡ񡭡һ٣һ۰̶ӹˣ˵Ϊһˣѣڣǵ͸Ѱ֮ˡ
Ⱥ֮УһλСӵ΢΢˵ͷֲòѰҳĬԣһλɺڵĸ֣һԵλԵĸߴ࣬һЦ˴˼Ϊ
³Ѱ֮ˣȴ١ļ˵̶һлԵɾδַ֪֮ܶ룬ֵҵΪᣬȴʵؽ֮߳桭
ĳϣ֮⣬̶֮ͬڣʹãſڴ˳ģ˵ԹΨһ
ʹã´粽ãһ䣬˻ѣпɶ̶ꡣ֮ˣȻ֮ǣһĿȻ𡭡תһԣȵԼϷֳ
ΪԼߣǸλԵλӣ˺ڵΪߴƤ壬Ƥڻòªһ˫ͻţģ׺ʱУ͸żεľܣ
˴֮档˼壬Ϣ֮أ
侳ȻšԶŵһ壬봫˵еǿг룬ȴʵĴţ
ؼˣѵ
ԼԸпѣٻæع£ľŴ֮һĴˡ˵һ£
λˣԹȵ޲Լ
֮ǰԼͼǰޱɾȴȥ;աº󣬴ǰ޵ĿϤƣ̲סԹȥĴй䡣֮ǿ֮ʣһλΪɲߡ
ԼһֱԾӣΪֱ߳㽫סʾΪǿ
ʱ˿̣ԼЩЩãȻЩڴԭΪ٣ԼΪͳ档˭Ͻλޣʵʴӣ
ǸһֻɱˣԳƸµȴҪһĻԵҪԼΪͽŵԼ壬ԱճΪĽ
һ̣ѡĲԼϲ˼شӦˡ˼ɣֻµ˸£йԹȵһУ
ԼѰһ֮أ֪˴Ϊ֮棬ֳ档
棬Ϊۼ֮ء࣬ѣԾ岿־Ӹ⣬һҵĳϣֱΪġ¡ҡҮסǰΪףִ֮ͬ壡
Ϥ˴أκ˲ڡ
̶֮д֮ã
Ϊߣ̶յ֮У̺ĴУɵԶѪǿΪ֮ܡǾ峤ϹͬԴȡһΣ
ʶ̶Լ˵ԵҪ
һת󣬲Լ׳ǣֲڳĸλϹʩת漴һ䣬ٿȻһʮɵ׳գҲʧݣ
̧һĪ
µ۹ӹܣû˵Σҵ޷Ƿ󡣲ԼٰղѴ񡭡
ĵ˵ͷ˵Ϊ壬ȴǧ겻űѰ£κνԷͳ覲褣пһԡ
Ҳмҡҡͷһ˵ڳ˵ΣһְˡµŭתԼ˵һ壬Ѫ˶óΪߡ̶еһǰ͸ʵѰ֮ˡн껤壬սȺۣΪͶĿá
ȺвǰһʾԲ顣
ҳΪһֵغ崫Уȱģֻһת
ǺǣЦһЦң´˵̶еˣһѰޣǸʿԼȡˣΪ߿ؽ˵죬λȴӶֻռһѵʿϣǻ֮ΣӣΣӡ仰ﱯ׳˫֣ٲȻҪĿĲݣ
ذɵİ֮УԼƺš˲·أԵ͹һ˫ӽ·̶ԩҲףһ㲻ǽԵֱɴ˷ģأƾһˣ崫УҲ֣ҲͳȣҿֻأԵת


1069 һ̶˫
İ֮УĪ޴ڣʹ˽סҪ¡Ũˮӿһ˿Ұ̫֮ڣ̩Ȼ֪֮䣬֫ٺ˲ͬΪҲͷ
⴦ڣ̶
Լ̧ͷ
ʶ֮УԿɸߴһ̶ڡûˣ˽ȥλε룬յĴɷĿ
Ƭ֮ǰһִ޹˫ֻøһͬһ̶ľ³ճԸҳȴǲʹ졣ڳĳϵȰ֮£մɹʶ̶еˣ˭ܳɾһɳ죬˭ˣΪһޡޣ꣡
һѳ˯֮á飬̶޸ΪİꡣҪʾʣһ˻һ𡭡
Լ¶ƵЦ⡣꣬һİǰ
ʮԶһӰأԺҺ޶
ˣԼͣס̧ͷһۣת֮⡣
ŻۣͷңüĿҲϤʱ֫ſ˫۽գһ֮Уٲһˣϸϸ⣬ɼһ΢߲
ӲдˣһҪɱ㣬練ơ
һУȻ˼ͬһءһ̶ˣ˻Ҫ̶֮УȥĴ֮λʱ˿̣һ֣һѡ˭ӡʤܣһĿȻ
ԼԵãȴûж֡ɱһˣмΪ֮˵ˣ˴δû˶ţ⣬Ǹҳ϶Լ³ȻԼΪͽΪ˱ӣš
һ˵ɾ֮񣬿أҪΪһʯҳɾλⱲҲԼֻ˵ùˣ֮νʱҲҲǺǡ
һˬӿԼƤţЦδֹɤ﷢һʴǰ֮УǰƸֳյ龰ףһɳХ
ʦ˼ԹȰĵȺҲԼա

˷ø¹ƵóѣɷϷҲ
һªĶ֮УϯضŭߣǾ峤֮һҡ
ˣ׳Ϣŭ
ȰοǸˣСӣɫʧģ
͸ʣҽ׮˵һ飡ϷмƽϡҷԸ
Ϊ͸ʣСһеٮٮߡΪҴ³ȣгǵء׮£˵
Զ⣬ȴһȺˡνˣӻ幦ʿЩԾԳƣһֱػ֮ءû䣬ټɣʹñӵ硣ȥ֮йһжµȥ
ΪˣȡŵѪеӴ߱£ȥѰˣ
ġ֮ǰ͸ʼ縺ʹѰ½ƫԶ֮ءһ¹УΪһͨͨĽɢޡ
͸ʳƬ̣˵ʱѰһݵĵطȻһ񣬱̻պȥǡһΪӣȴɢԲΪߣһϳЯǡ˴ҡҡͷ˵ΨиУûٳɣǡѪϤ֮ءڣ̫ƫԶƧ
һ꣬͸ȻǡѪȴûʲôָ֮ңԶʵԽǿգ˵ľСһֻǸСܹȶףۻСԪӤ񡢺ȵԽǵ˭´ҴңʱǨһжôĳϣ
һССĽʿ̶̵꣬ѳΪɸ֣дºôͷ֮ˣĪ˵㲻ţȻϷҲΪ⡭ȴһЦ˵ޱɾУвȴδ⡣ֳֻϷ׼ˡһʽͨķߣϷȡ
Ǹӣȴеʱ򡣴ޱɾмһһ˵νջ
͸ʸ΢΢һЦ˵꣬ҾѰ£޹աһ档ܳмһõӿοƽʼղתлɳá
ߣ˭ҶһɣҲΪȻغһ˵ΪʧҪȬҪһ̶ۡǸĺõط˯Уá
һ仰û˵꣬ͻȻûЦݣ͸ʵ˵ĲԼ
͸ʵ˵ͷ˵³ϲͣΪ֪Ը֮Ҫ嶯ң򽫵òʧ
ڴ꣬ƺ޼䣬ʵ򰵵ִϡԵɣȺ£һճΪ𣬴֮˽Իݼ֮жߵӱѹΪˣ·ֲԼⲻ
ֻΪ룬´˽ʶ壬ֺҺһסֱԹĳǺͿͬһţһɽһ̶˫ض
˫͸˼˵ǳĳϵı⣬δ֪
۹һȵϷѰҵĳ˵ףһת֮ǰκ˶öһָͷҾ֮УҪ˶ǸԼ
͸Ȼ

̶֮УӰʮԶһһңңԡ
Լ˼ѣżǿʶ͸İ䲻Ҵ⣬æϥ붨󣬵ٴλع龲ţ˫ۡȿģʮǸƯеӰ
֮Լѽλͬǧٻء֮£֣΢΢죡
ʱһܵλȻûֱ𡣶˲йȴûһ̵ĿСǣе̫֮΢΢ѭϢ
һûȥֻ˯֮Уȴһֱй̶֮ͣش֫ٺˣΪתͻȻԼָΡ
룬ʹòԼɵð㵢ȥĪ˵ĴԼԵǸһҲŹԼΨƴɾλܽһ߬У
Լбߡ˼ƽϣҷ·ҵͷɵϢ
ʮ֮ӰأԾƯţȻڲԼĿһɲǣǺǣ£漴û˶һ̣һһʱ


1070 һǧ
̶֮УһɡĳһȻţ
һһвһֻ֪ˡˣôξȥһɵĽŲ
ĪһϡǵޱɾһУԼһѪսĲ顣ħ𱻻٣ˣľһ˿Ϊ֮£ȶħе̫̫֮֮뾭ӳ֣ܻյķϦƴǿʩչԴһʽͨڵУȴ֧ȥ
һ֮ʣһλλͻȻδ죬ǰ˿ԷΪޣӦ޶⡭
˺㱵һһİĵطͶ뵽һŨص̶֮С䣬ԼһЩйԼ¡
һʱΣݣһԳİ֮С
֪ȥ˶ã̶ͻȻһˡ
һвȴɲԸҽһеξֻŽú˯һʱ˵ѽתʧȥΪҲָ֫ٺļ
δδ⣬ڤڤڣɫ̫ޡ֮ν֮졭
جج֮Уʶзķһһ壬ԼõһƪġԼģûʲôѽ֮£⵽ƪβһ仰ϣУԼ񡣿
ɣƪɵ֮ʦۿ澭˵ĸڡΪ
ڤڤ̫ޡ
İ̶ǡƾԨƻ磬ֻٵأ
֪䣬һƮԲ죬סͷԼȻ̶֮Уʮһй
Ԫϣ֮Ԫ񲻷ֱ˴ˡ
һƷ񣬻һƻ
һ֫˶һƬޣڵɣȴ˵ʵ
Ͼ룬һٿȻƮ̶һ۹˲ѵɵĸ߿֮СϿȣת̧Ĺˡһϣɼݲᣬе̡
֮أӦǷ϶£ȴ̻ϢһƬԶ볾ļ԰
ûˣһϢڡԼȴ縡Ƽһ㣬ƾƣ¶̳ӣȻѰһ֮еοһ˵ң֮У׽ζŹȥһС
һ嫵ǰ򡢽򣬽һһɱ档ԶǹȴĪǼҵķ
˲䣬ҫһΥ˵Ĵһ΢΢һͷ򣬽ԱԶԶ
ɲǣȻ
һ׸ͷζӳ¡
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йŵ԰ǧƽŹȥãһжѲڡ
ȻƬ̣һ¡ɽȵܣ˼ڡɽɽ£ĿݻơʱڣϮѻļ쳹ķ
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꣬СǣΪִ˵Ķ£ԷڴڵĴһʯϿ֣԰
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һЦȻӱۺݺɨȥ£ںΪķͻ䡪һ֮Уʯмɽɽ¸ըһʮɵĴӡ䷢йפԭأþʧĬȻ
أѪԴڡʧȥΨһļУʧȥ룬ֻܴżҵļԶٻزˡ
ݻ̣ٴμȻή
һŻƮڲԶɽ֮ϡ꣬΢΢̴̾ѰȥǾӸԶڣͬǻһʯԸ뷼棬糤顭
ȥʮһٿȻͣ¡᫵С·ԣЪϢ
һλڵĿߣбеԣץһľ滹һССİƣ£Ŵͽ͵һ˫͸Űڳ
ʮС꣬ģ֪ǰ
ʻ붼ûڴ˵԰ɾɣ֮νʢ˥ֵġ
һһһȥ˫۰衭
Ǻǣ˵ȤͷϹ·꣬ϰΪֺαҪһءѿȱٳݵЦһ˫Ȼţ˵԰ɾڰǰûˡҴ游Ŀ˵ּʢǧ֮ãΪ¡ﲻͣκΡ
԰ʢǧ֮ã
ǺǣͷΪ;мį˵˵߽ľڻУԷ˭Թ˵԰ɾǴ֪ܳǳһλԵˣν°ּû䣬޹ϵϧˡ
һʱ֮ԭһ߶ͣأͷҷǸ˭˵أˣС
֮УһĬĬԶȥţֻһζѣеˣߣԼȻһǧ꣬תˣҿһΡ

̶֮УԼӾ˫ۣס¶ϲɫ
ĹٿԼӵ˺ڣյɺڣһΪˣĽǣ֮ǰΪǿΪߣ׵ۼףȻһ㵭Ľɫ
̶֮죬ɴ˿ɼһߡаֻ꣬мӣɾδɣףĳ˱ʱ˭Լ֮λǺǡ
֮£Լһ죬Ц
ʮ⣬ȻǺŵӰǣܵȴȵİʱָܻΪҡ
ǡڴʱ̶֮ͻȻһƶ
Լ̧ͷȥɫ΢㵡ʥǾ峤ֶÿҪʲô
꣬һֱ۴ϸĽâ仺к£ֱ͸İһζСĽɫѪҺӯӯôҫ۶Ŀ
ö룬ҲԼ츳ҿ޲ףѾ飬ŴѪΪճɾλ
Լܲѣ
ͬʱ̶ڵϿӰɱ
Լ˲࣬ǽâеѪȥŽһʧ
ǵâδԼͷ;Ȼת򣬾ֱһ˯еӰȥԷ߽ʱſͣǽеѪһˡ
ԼĿɿڴʹļѽҲϴˡ


1071 
Ͽ̶İ֮⣬һӰ£ʮ֮࣬޲㵡ǸŵԻɢȥµâ
Ǿ֮öȻпˣһѪ
ʮˣеĸ֡ӵž峤ϣһɻ󲻽⡣еȴЦָǰ˵飬һ崫ˣɡ
ŵôԣ˲ɵ΢΢ͷ⻹ͷؼпд˹һ
ߣţе£ãѪΪȻغһ̧ŲȺȴأԽŰ̶ڵΡ
һԩִڳĪһǡ
ȻеʥԵʣ£ãһʱû˭˵
һɣǸͷ˵˻Ŀһ֮ʣӶ
ǺǣֺིǷαһĿȻͷҲصЦһ˯İ̶꣬ӻҲȬΪȴ޽ȻõһѪȻ޸ĹۡԼŽأһΪֳɡ
˴תңǳųĵ٩٩˵أֻǿ
ŭָüĿ߳д
ߣǻ
ֲ£Ļͷһۡµλϼڳˣһҡͷת˵飬Ī⡣е£Ƿ֪ҵȰ󡭡
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ȴռˡһ˦䣬ԭ£ұڴ˴ֻ꣬ˮʯա˭ҰĪҷˣߡ
ϴһ˿ЦԶҳ֮أ⡭
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ԼʵԹһ硣ȴ̶ͣɵøеһ󰵰ί
ʮ⣬λͬһѪ֮Ϊޣȫļȴ˽סֶֺޣ
װ̣һѪǱԼ˵һִɵľ硣Īڴˣ
ϴˣİ䣬ݻԵʧ
һ˯ɣԲԼԼ̶ܵλȻ֪ȻȬʱ˿̣ؿ£Լһ΢̾
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ǽյĳϣսʹѲ߮ıûɡǲԫϱڣֵӰ䡭
ɸ߿գһ̤ǰ̫ƽ¥ûˣǧƷûˣϤĽֵûˣʲôûˡ
һζѣΪ˵ջҲǡ߹һ·ˡ
в֪Ԫۻ
ת֮䣬Ϥ˶һĽ¡ٴ֮С
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⻹ҵԪ𣿼ǵϻȥʱ򣬴˴ڶ࣬ͥУǸѩҹļ䡭
ĿĻʱ龰Ϊ·ֻһһСӰ
һɽƮһĴ֮Сʢĵطֻ°ܵ񣬺ĳݽǵһѡ
ǺǣԼʦڵʱ򣬸Ϊ
һЦһЦ͸Īļȡ뿪סͷһ֮ۡϣԪְ߲ۡڣ˪Ũ
˶ĺɽһĬĬͱϿһĶѨתԽһѷ棬һɽ֮ǰ̶ˮ峺һǰĲݼȴǿӿݣʦ˵ķڣʧ֮⣬ѰһӰ
ǺǣһζѣΪ桭
һʧƬ̣˱ߣɬһЦתƮȻ𡣼ȻһԸԵξҾʹԶԶȥɲǣֲȻ
˶µɽǰһСЯ뷢ҰףݿݣȴƾɵƣٲȻǸģСһһŮ߰ꡢʮͣӣƼݣڽ²ͣ
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˵֮䣬ɽ֮ǰһٺȣŵһˣŤͷܡæͷƣŵһӣջСҪ룬ؼұ㿪췹Ǻǡ
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Ůӽɫ𪣬ҶϸüģǿΡҶŻͷҲɵظ˹ԹɫҲʧ龫ɵСģǸѵѾͷ
εҡҡͷֱɽŶȥò׼ַҰ׵⡣ʦԺΣ汣ӡ
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˭׵ӲȻңɪ֮УаӰʧЦǺǣĪǵưܣƵ顭ƿ飬ŲڵĲݵϣԻֳһʯ˰ݣϥ£ұ߿࡭
ǰ֪԰ּҳһλʿԡ˷صı֮󣬳ΪּҵļŴ԰Ľơ˾٣ʹּԵĴ¡һʱ֮䣬·ѵŰݷãվ˴̳͢
֮ԪҲһλˣΪ¬ԼƽύȨΪݣȴԨԴò佥Զ
ֹ꣬¬ȻΪʢˡ˫Ͼ໥˭˭ȻΪԩҶ֡
ʷ⼢ģѱ𣬳͢£ΪЧ
Ȼ¬ȴܲӦ١͢ΨһΪѱã㰵ָʹһ˳
ʱǽˡʿѶԪ۵Ĵж֮ģκξ¬зǷ֮롣Ұ޲ڴ԰Ԫһ£Աл
㣬һսɱˡһ֦ͬ԰ԪۣճΪĳС¬ܾ֮ʱѱžʿͻϮ׹Ϊʱ˫˫ܶ䲻սֱ
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ʮɴСΪӨӨĹâ֡ǿӿתţӿӵ֫ٺ֮Сոһա긴һĿޣټϷ죬ٲȻǽɺԲĸ֡
ڴʱѨƽðһɴŮӡӣף˵չ꣬ǿ⣬ȴΪʦԸԶ
֮У˫ۣǷ˵ǵ۲иǰʱиһֵȻ¡ӣĪˡΪʦʥŮˣҲԻ
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˱ӡڷӣŽһȺ޵׷ɱĲͣʹʦͽǾƣߡеʼٸߣȴǾͷʮ㣬ٲȻǽһ׷Ȥ
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ӿЦҡҡͷ˵ǲв˵ǰ㡭
ڷ粻ʵӣ⣿
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һնȥת˲ѵ⡣
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һһ߷壬һͱǰͣʶ֮УһĶĿδϸۣתԶ
ϼѪĺɫĳ繳˸
ճֵһ̣һȥ⻬ͱϣּ½ڣδѡ
֮ϣһ̤˻
һӣƺ֮£Ծ𡣳һգǧ

ǺеһС˼ݣżֻСˮĿյϣи֯׶֡һʯϣڷļּԼɱ棺֮
Сڣڣһɶߣ硣ϣ˵䣬ĳĳȵȡ
ִԲסǧꡢ꣬ҵӡ
Ǻǣ鳾գȥȥ
䡪
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䡢䡢䡭
Ǽ춯صĺġ﷽ԲһСʧӿĲ֮СӴԺ֮Уµ»£ֻһŮӵĴ˵


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ǧǰֱܿɾɵҩ׿ӣԵԪӤ߸пһֵݴɾеٶʹͣЪ֮աҴʿֻɾԵˡ
߷˵ţһȺС겻ѡʹɾرյǸˣһĬĬ˺ܾáܾá
ʱǨ˷ǣһǰšԹ𣬽ԶȥͷʱãȻ֮ʲôûˡת֮ʲŻ㱷ȥһʼפߡ
ʶӹĵɽɽˮˮһ¡ڣȴһϤӰ뿪Ƭ֮ǰȥɾһ⡣ǧΣǧ꣬µ·δʹսᡭ
һƮȻǰʯ£ϤһлաͬʱлڣԵҵеʱ
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Ϣ֮䣬ǵֱ۴ϸĽâ̶ʮƺ΢΢һ
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ȻйԼ̲סŴͣе̰֮ɫҪȼӲ׿ȴǵˡö룬Ҳĳ֮Ѱżڴаˣд״
һ̣ԼѽһԶԶ׿Լˡ
գ֮䣬âһѪ䵽ʮ⡣
ԼŭŴ죬ǹâʹ΢΢һ٣бб档
״ԼĿɿڴڴʱһǿķͻֱâʱһѪ롣˲䣬ͻȻʶԵġģϷ֡
ԼȻ֮ʣһʱ֪롣Ѫתæһ¡ʶдߣҪĺְִϢ֮
ԼȻѹһ׳һǰѪ裬µİȥԻεס֮ƣ˲ѱ븹Сͬʱ̶ϷŭС޳ܡ
ȻͷһԼȻתԭ£أԼֶ׹Ե߷ߣ޵ߣҲ֣
̶֮⣬ŭֱǰˣȴºΪεسķʾڣأ޹ʿϢŭ
ȥһ٣һɣȵ£ִ򲻳ɣ˵ţӳɵػ˴ȭͷ
º޹˵ѽѪһ룬㻹أ
ŭʮǰ㲻˵Ѫ£һԼһһΣԵγҾڡ
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㡭ŭɶȭҪ򡣳ĵȳϼʱȰ裬ֱţҾΪ֡
ɫһϵغȵԼ崫֮һ񣡡ֳųĵ˹˵֮£ǲԼ鼱У⣬ԹȰĪСʧ󡭡


1075 ν
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һΣз˪ļɹ⾰ֵı飻ǻһƳɲǣǧ;еСֻΪ޾ͷ̣
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С˲֪ΪǧȪȵİټСټҵļλԲǰˣӾ֮Զĸʢ
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ĵ֮ڣһò׳˰Ŵ󲽡ð׹⣬ݺݵѰţȻҪѰˤҵĶˣԷйͷԹ
ӵĻƹ񣬽ʿȴڿ˵ƶҳֻöǽǣͼסһԵĶ౦ӼеıһλŰµȴɫ࣬߳λѾ£Īû˵Ȫȵͷ°ٰȰһ䣬ĪҪʶô
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׳мޣȪʲôһССĸӱ㲻ÿˡڣȭҪһҡ
ٰǰһŭҪбҳȥһս
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ٰ£ŭ档սսƹưڰʾ漴һ˲ԭʧ
ת֮䣬ٰһɽ֮СŽһȺ׳˵ȭ˹֮ɲǣɱǿȻܡ
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ٰҪӦԣȴֶ̿ȫм֮ͷһ֪æ̧顣˲䣬ʮͻȻ顢顱졣
â֮УŽҪԶݵİٰ˺ɫ䡣ԷסԼȥ·Ѷķһȭ顣ǾѰʿǵ˶á
רɱ˶ƣɡ
׳ֱ˶Űɱ赲
ٰļɽһƴȴ־ȫޡٲһ˿һĽңæ׳һϼ¡һʮɵĲٿȻǰ׳ӭͷײϡ
䡪һ֮Уƶ赲Ƶ׳һٰûջϼ£ٴһ¹âһٿȻԶ
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һӰҴҶɴ⣬󷨡
ٰԷ漴΢΢üԶж˵ڿƣܵڹ⣡ԵʮӣʿΪףµĶԪӤڵΪ
һͨͨļ壬˵̷ͬһ㡣ڵɽȣаٶɿдУԼɼׯ԰뷿ᡣգЩΪ׵ʿ˶أһ򵱹Īļơ˵ˣȪȵشƫƧ֮ڸûĸ֡һУϡ
˵׳ֻӿɭϡ󷨻ȻɣʱȻȿڴ˿̣ʮӰͻ֮˸Ϊ񣬺е˵ãŲɣֵǸȪȡ
״ɫأʵٰԵһȺɣٰأȻֻѰĿˣᡭᡭɡ
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عͷ΢΢ӣĳ˵ǿ֮нң־͸ȡ衣Ϊ֮ƣƴһ;
ٰʲôȲѵȣԱȻʯ١
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˻û䣬׳ͬȻ֡һȻը죬֮󷨵˼æ߶ӳֵ֣ĹƸӷҡ
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ٰ㵲ѣ˵²˳٣Ψغɽ
ɫأҡͷ˵ʹڽӣ򲻵á
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Ȫȵľͷʮ˻һͱ֮ǰаٰˣһЩҾ졣˴쳣ȥ·ٲһء
ٰȴǺ˼ͱټҴͷϦǰ
ڴʱȪȵĹȿǰٴðʮ뺷ӰΪһ֮ˣЦ꣬ñѰ˾ŵ䣡첻ţһбͽͽﰡЦδֹһХ΢΢һ㵣޶
ߣɱȪȡ
ͬʱңԶ̶֮£ѳ˯ٶ꣬üʶ̡


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ԼɫȻһѡǰѪΪϴڡȻǽڵľ硣ΪߣɫۼȾ𣬿ȥ׻ӳɷǲɣɣ
һ̣Լ˫۰أʱʱ̿ͷĶ֮УָĬдʡ
һѪ̶죬һΪѪֻ֮أջΪʱڵѪǾΪУɾڻ£Ϊƽĳ˴Ӵ˱ԶڣǺǡ
һĪĿӿԼסªϣһĵĴ⡣ܵİ䣬Ȼסĺݡ

ǡڴʱһǺƾ֣ϵԡءǲȴͷһ
ԼȻ̧ͷ۷Ź⡣ٴֳƣִ
ת˲֮䣬ɸߴֻ֮䣬нɫĹâתһк¡еһѪӯӯջޣһǰ
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ԼȻһȥѪǲĳ˵ģ˭ߡ
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һش󣬲ûĹءԼͣʧ󺰡δڣѱƷ¡غ³ϣΪֹ
һˣ˯İʮ꣬ڴӳǳ̫ãֻȣһɲǣȻ֮ʩչͫȳ֣ʹòԼмܲ
壬Ĺأߡ
һסԼһһȻȥȻһѪץСлͫ˸Զ꣬漴һƿѪŰͦؿ̶֮ϡǵâδɢȥǶȻȻʢ֮ɲǣѪзк£һΣΡͬʱ˲Ȼ˳ŭ߳󵨣ſԼ
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ūֵͯҲûյšһɫֻšھأ˵֮иֵС
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˾٣Ҫ˶ĿԱڴͷ֮ʱΪһ·˭ϽջǱѰʹǰһ๦֮ˮ
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ūü΢д䡣ֵܻͯ⣬˺ڶѨڴ̧µӣѹİգ˵Ȼһͷ仰ųڣ˲붴Ѩ֮С
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â׹أȻ˶ϡֵͯзǿѪˤ˳ȥӶ˫˫˺˷顣
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ū˪ͷ䡣ȣ︸ӳ˺󡣶Ⱥţ޴ȥϦ
ʥЦѨǧˣΪһɱˡڶºȻӦŵҪɱ䡣
ǡڴʱһէȻȵߣ


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һĴٴμˣ塢ʮ޽ͷһݡ˵¹꣬ޱɾǳɱ¾һ£˲棬ֻɢСĽ䱸
ʥȻţȴͬʧûˣ˳һöһ겻һʱ̣ǰʺ򡭡ֵһöƵĴȻмƽϡΧԴԮ
һƹɽȻ֦мһն̬ȴǰԳһתŵԼʱϵ˴˴ǧ꣬ηΡ
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겻һôǿİ֣
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ʥųڣһӡͻȻǶüġȻһɫұ䣬㡭ꡭת˲»ȻһᣬڰվãȻ֪롣ˣƣɼСӵΪ
һסʥδʹɱ֣ǼԻܴ֮ѶһƲɫ̵̻Ľʥ˵Ҫͽͽȥʱ
ʥһƤһ鴤ҧһˤ䣬תס֡
ս֮Уʮƴ˲Ѫȵɱ¾ܼԡһ£ŷԼҵ֡漴һԭʤΪΪūȻֻû뵽ͻȻ١

ǡڴʱһҽУѪƮɢգɷǴĿġڶ޲Ž֣һæҡ
ʥŭݣת߳һԶš
һΪȻ죬Զȵ׳׳Ҷס֡
ֵɱһʱղס֡б䣬ͣѪȣһ֣ӦֵΪҶï鲻ԽſˮȴԵֵѪû¡Դ˵Ϊ֮ԵƢȻб
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һȺ뺷˳ӵ£ת˲ûɵģʹýʥñ𡣰׳־δ꣬ϸһٰ˽㼯㷲ضһ̲סʣɱֲɱֲţ㾿кͼ
һԽʥᣬŽǰȺԸ˵˷ȴֵҺɨ򣬽Ϊһһ
Ӳ飬ǡ
һǿ鰡ʥԲʧġ¸һƾЩ˺ɨȥһѪܵɱ⡣
һ۹б˵ҪҲͬС
ʥҪӦȴɫɣŵǡЩӵָΡ
ָΣһ˵ȿɿŻԺܳȫ
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һڰ֣˵
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ߣûûΡ
֮ʣһŮӶںͷأԾС췢ɧȣףūվһǡɫüĿĽ龫ֵС˼һ統Ļӡ
һӹȺȥЦ˵Ҹýǧǻӡδ䣬ǷӰȻûѾͺãָγƺ
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һɫЩ
ﴨɻ󲻽⣬ٴο󡣰ٰǵͷյĹûתǰ˫֣Щ˵ֵܣл
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ﴨ֮ȻڵͷѡСԼһճ˳ΪТɳ񹲷֮£ֵһԾŶ֮ˣۣǿֵܵϣԲưոݡ
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״ﴨĳɶʱûӰǰһٰδأѱ֫漴ɹץ֡ߣŵɫźɷţ˵СС󣬵ûϼӺǳ⣬ûһָͷлʵĪеһе
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ﴨǺɫȻһʱһƬҰף΢΢ҡΡ
ٰ⣬ֱ֮ǰһŮ౨Ψִҹ棬Ųõ֪˭ǰ֣֮ΣֻճɡԼмӣʵҲ޷˽һʹɴ»СС»ˡȪ°ȻҲδɴ
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ٰʬ׹ڵأﴨȻҡᣬſտҲ˫֣ʧʹҶС
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еİﴨ̴棬ȴɱȻ˵ȸϷˣΥ˵ߣؽѰ·Ϊҷ硢ŷ磬ҲϧɱΨһĶӣϧټҾ󡭡һ٣Ȼֵ̾ˣΪɡ


1079 Ψһ
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ڱ룬ֵһҵ֮ʣطպȻҪ׷ҡƯħ֮Уƾߡԣ΢΢ס
ʱȪȣģĿԴ䣬ɽᰵ˾ɫ
һڵ֮ɷ΢΢һЦ
һ࣬ūȻʦıӰСϵίûˣһ˫峺ȴһĪִš
ǧǰ˴գźʵƣʿյĿ̶̵꣬ɾΪʵţЩ䣬㾿ȥ˺δѽʻūų£עȴвͬеһλĵǣħû˵ʩؽһλǵʦİΣ䡣
һ۹ӹһԵˣҡҡͷ˵ｲףȨһΡ
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ڶԺǺһ֣תԶ˵ῴɷ壬֮˲ͬһ٣Ϊοظпһ˵ȴΪԦ֪֮ġԦˣ֪䣬ԦʱƳͶ񣬶٣ν֮Ҳ

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һūڰٰʬԱߣɫɽڣȴΪֻг͵𡣼ﴨϻ̳Ͽ˰֣һԲתڵϵվһԵĹˡ
ٰŮ곤ʮͷӣµĶʮʮ겻ȣԻ̻̲ݡǹ˱ǰٰףӡȻ۽ᣬɫݡ
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һūСģΪȻ˵ȨҼѣպٸѰʦ˵ֳŲԶֵܷͯԸٰ磬պ̷ɽδ˵꣬תﴨʵȥ˺δ

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̶֮ϣһȻաһŲԼһֳơ۽𷢣ò죬ٲݣ
̶İ֮⣬֮ǰľ峤ϣ˽ٸʿΧܣһɫĪͻȻǽ˰ӰƻããȻ޴룡
㻵ҾĹأΪ𡣻²Լ䡭
µĽ쳹Ͽȡһֱάһңʱδ˵ֻĬĬעǰеӰĵȳͬûֳܵ飬ԭسɲ
һ۹ӹܣȺһ꺺ӵһ١Է°ϵСӣʾ⡣ת£΢΢Ц˵Ҳ˲ԼΪ俴еƣΪȻ˵ϡºз
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һķµĻԼԷڳĴ̷ϡƣ˳ץһŹâҲǶԼüġԷŲѣִ꣬
һһƲʢ˵˵Ļ֮Թū꣬һǲȻұѰԹһѻ˸ɾ
һѻԹȣҪ꼰ʦ
Լŵɫ䣬ơ˵ǿҺĻ֮
ǺǣһЦһ˵ǵҫģԹȵĻ֮˶Σˣüһôˣ˶°
ԼͷһԷμʱΡʱΪʤȯգ˭ϺתǾ仰Լ˵񡭡
ͬʱ·˵һ˳ģ峤֮һ
һеĲԼ֮ڣǼӰǸ⣬ߺߡ
Լֻ̺ˣªϾ౯顣䰵гԣǹĪƸƽ⣡ֻңң·ĸ£һʱ֮пԣȴٲԼ
һתȥµĽâյѰģʩչĻ֮УнС޽ַѲǵѰš֮֮ܽƽߣֻ޼ʶ²Լ
Ľ˵Ȼ֮λѪ쾭壡Ψһꡭң˷׷׸ͣҲĬĬ˵ͷ
ǺǣһΨһһüһһŵǿȥǶ·ơ


1080 
һƣĿ顣
һδʹգóһƴªһס
һС꺺ԽȺֽӹƣԼӴ˵λϣǰ͸ʵ½Ѱ֮ˣս˫ַģת˺󣬲ٶ
ˡŰǰӰ͸ʵĿлϤڡʱĳһʿշתأĳ⣬΢ɾս֧ҳ֣Եʻ˴λϲ̶ͣĳһлˡ
һȻգǰĿơ˴·ȺԼµ벻ԶĲԼһת˵ԼˣǻĳҪˡ䲻ϵ帲ĳֳһ
ⷬĪ⣬ʹڳ˽һ
۹һʵޱɾ֮Уǽ۽𷢵ĻӰѵǣ
ʵ֪ĪУ
¼æϵߣȻ½磬֪ҪΣ˲Լ
һŲæ٩٩ҳ֮ϣ˿ĳֳֻΪֵǿȡޱУϢľԪ֮κһ׮źΪһѩǰܡһ٣ת˵ĳϤһУ޹ءſ£ֵû뿪֮ǰĹأо֮δд󲻾֮٣е㡭
ĲɵÿԵңϬͬʱʣֳǷڣǺˡ
»뷢˹вֻͬǿţϸ
һʵ˵ֳΪԶ֮֮ΣԺмƽϡ
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伮أ𣬳Ҳ
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ţֵܣд֮ʵ˵

һ䣬ڳһƬƲסľܣõڴϣҹͻһĨ⣬ܽ˲Ϊ֮ȻĪأ
ĳΪһ򶨡еĸĻĪ⣬ɫѿ˵㼴ôУҾ幩վȻ
ַ룬۹䣬ûʵĴڣĪǲԸм֮λˣֽҾںεأ
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һĬһ䣬·һһ˯֮У֪˵оֹྶͥܲ⡣
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һ˼̧ǰһӣָ˵ԶĴ⣬ĿƾĳС׻ȸһ˵̶ܵһȻۣλȻԺ£ɵȨ಻˰
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һԹ˵ĳ֮ޣԶŴСϲϡǷӹ޹ؽҪ죬ХڣΪ飬з棬һɽһ֮أһ˵ɫ졣²ĳ߳Ծ̶ѪȬΪȴ˾⣬ʵ֮ͽ
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£ѪǶƣΪһͻȻˡ
ɫɻ󣬶ȴޱ飬ĬĬؽƿݸԵĳġ
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ɫһ䣬ٹ˲࣬߳Իڣ뱾ųڣȻԾ͵ػӱۻɫâȥΪ׺ݡͬʱغϿܵʮӰٿȻ¡֮ɲǣӰ裬ȻѽϿס
Գеƿէ䣬æҪֹȴΪʱŨüɫءλĪ
ԼҲǵ֮һʱڰУ͹˫оΡɬ߷߲ƽԿɻΪβܣԸ³ܾȵˮհǸ˥ˡ
ͻΧһȫ޾ɫҡͷпû˹򡭡âͻȻĶצɱڡüһȭȥ˵ɫӰ۶ȴһš벻⣬ſƾһץֻáһ죬ңâŤϮ½ɱ䡱һը˷顣
ڴһ˲Ͼ޴ӰХ
һƳ۾ʧĸ£תڿնһ䣬ȻһߡʮɵĽ׳շתŲ֮ʣ׷һŭɲ֮䣬
һ̣֮صˣԾ㵲ѡһϤİҵɱ֮źɨ˻ĵ֮ԶźĶӾÿһ˵졢𵴡֮䣬һص˷绪Ѫս
һ̣ԼɫۣԲλ࣬̿֡ǲǲصߡ
һ̣ɫã⡣ԼΪҪǿһͷȴһ֮СĪǡĪĴˡ
һ̣ͶСɫܣ͸ʸǾСͷ棬֮棬֮ʥء
һ̣߬ȭͷӶ£ҵغΪϡþצһԭ
һ̣ĳһȻߣǳϼλԹȻԸԸܽΪŹɣ缺


1081 
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һġ֮С֮壬Ȼνľڿ֮ʣ᳤磻ҡͷβ˻ġ֮У׺졣
ϮľȻʮʿ޲ݣһźˡ
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һէ𣬿͵֮˲Ͽȡ֮УƱɫΨǽ׳ŲѲ߮ء
ͬʱ̶ڣ֮ϵͻȻһԽƳĶ֮ɲǣĶڼȻųһѪֱ񷡣ԭһУԼȻף̡ʮεѪٿȻ븹
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꣬һ춯ءǡصĺŽ죬ƻʱһ䡣ϿȡɽɽˮˮȻ֮¡ڵǧ飬޲̿֡Ǿ޴â˸Ȼˡʮɣ֮ǣٲȻ߽٣죡
һĲУƽ
̶Ȼ뵡
Լɫʮɿ²öɫ㷡
ķԶվһˣ̧ͷ֮ϣ̤˷ϵƣֹĤݡ
崣ɫáһҧ˵Ҳ壬ߡˣȨѣֻøų˵Ĳ壬ԸһΪ𡭡µƣһһ񡣲峤ϣΨһλ
֮УȥֳһӰٴʮѪûǰ㱬ҲûΪǡɾڵľ磬Ȼڲ֪ڵԲѪѹڣպôմʱò塭
һָ˱ģ壬ɫݡŨü֮䣬ɡ̧֮ʣ˼Լǿ߷緶
ߣȲҪǿѪ˵ˣҿɲʲôߣ뽫Ϊӹ
һΣ䳰ɫڽҵ˵ĹδŲԼ˵Ļ֮
Լͷһ࣬˵ػǷֵƱǿκΣɫ任ţóһ˹ȥ
𡭡
ҵֹΡ֮ǰûʧҲ񹧹ؿڷߣ˼ҸᣬҲû
һУԼӶ꣬תڵ̶ߣˣ˵ǰƺ󹧣޳ΪţΧ֮ʡ˫֣ŭֵҪЮɴ˿ɼƶʹһԩ
ҵһʱԶԡһԵĲԼȴ޵ߣ˱ԣ޳ܣǻĳˣؽ黳ȣʿ壬һ۷磬˵Ĳ
һԵ̶˵⣬ǸΪ峤ϣȻѪ֮ǶƣΪΣĪȴͨһ֮Աп֮ʵ۹ӹܣתԶһ߳ˣĴĿ
ԼͷһңɫѿԼǰµѪ԰ݸ³ͣȴк쳣һ󣬸³ϵһʵ֪
ĵأǸװѪƿһɫвæ³Ϻڣ
һԵҴʲŻ֮ʣ³ûȥ֪
ĵ۹һ˿ԹŶ˵ѽҵ˼ϣϾ˼ԷȻ˵»ҴУ·ϣ
⣡
ص˵ͷҪӱۼԶͻȻһӰ󺰵³Я뿪棬˲ӣ
һɣŭ˾壬ǰһȴͣתؿһ˵ϡڳߣط𡣺󶯾һȥһ١ӽľ壬Ⱥס
ڵľ޴ϿȣԴ䣬Ұľ泩һԶջ۹⣬Щζɫˣ˵һ͸͵Ⱥеһ꺺ӣԷֳǡ
Ҵһջǰؼݶȥزһʩ֮һڿշԶ
ת֮䣬Ͽ֮У̶֮⣬ֻʣһԼ͸ʡȻĪ˲֮ġ
͸ֵܣлָ֮
һȻ˵ƣɫǲԶȺ꺺ӹһ
͸΢㵣ܶ㿪˵Ե춨಻һ°ˣҵ񣡶˴б𣬲˷ִ磡ֹ壬ǳҴ
һΪȻҡҡͷ˵ɽиߵͣһ塣б𣬲ҳΪֵܣ͸ǽɺڵΪꡢ֮ΪȻʱǨ죬Ѳͬնֻܿ˳ˣ֮ڽֵܣ統һ཭飬ԼľԶֽɵȵȡ
͸ʵ¶΢Цǿοسһ˵Ը˴ֵƺ
ǺǣȻǣһ΢΢һЦضֵҿڴѾãȴΪɵԵɣ͸ֵܿɷʵ
͸л⣬ǫǣȴһԼԨԴ˵ľܲɷ֡ڶԷ֪壬䰵ҡ
ҵơྴ쾳֮ǰв𣡲Ψһ˶ѣֻǹ󣬱Ȩ͸һУһһ˵Զʱƶӡڷ˲彫乩Ϊ飬Żʹҵ֮塭
ԼĿδ𣬱˴ʱʽҼѲ⣬νһΪ˵ʹӣͽκΣ̾һĬĬ˵ǰȥԷ˵ȻЩʲôܹ
νľ壬ǾĸӹūͰĴڡ伮أԶŶΧƣӦսϾ˼ˡɷӣΪӣһŭ꣬ںʬѪɺӣֻȲǿߵԹ˴͸ʳ̾һ
ǻ֮һ˼˵˴ѣΨպصޡʶ־η
͸ʵͷ˵ʵ֮ãҲ߳Ƭأȴٸ֮֡Ⱥսû䣬Ļ̻̣޲ԱֵĻԻ͡ҳޱɾʱϡ£ֵҳĳϵˣ³࡭
ԣһв⡣
͸ЦЦ˵λϵʢרУ岻ˣлˣӸ³ϴͼǣƣ˺֡һĨһСӣ޵ȴ֮Ҳʧףһ壬Ǻǡ
һ΢̣ʾ¡Էһʮ㣬强֮˵ڡͬʱͷһЩɻ֮Ȼʡ
͸æ˵Ϊֵܣס֮أ
һδԳŵʵǸ¾ֹ죬ĺˣȿ˵
͸̧һָʮ֮⣬Ǹ²ڡ


1082 ֱѱ
һȺ廷Ƶɽȣľ죬ϪĿȻ
ɽȵһ磬͹ɽ֮ϣвݡͥԺһӰھɽĲԶǧɵĸɽͱڡɴ̣󲻷
һ޵ĺڣѪŨأɱŰɽ֮ϣۼٷסΪѰŮס֮Уһ˸ƣ˴˼佣š
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һƻĻʹڳĲһ澹Ȼ˵ǿֺαϾһأ߳ȥؽΪĹ
λϲǺ޼ʶеҲͷغȵ£Ҫ뿪浱Ȼԣȴôһˣ
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֪Ȱ˵棬εҡҡͷȴ粽ãк˰ڿơ˫һս
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Ŷϵ½ڻ׹Զˣֱǰ͸ԼߣȴӰ
ִ£ûɵɫ΢䡣й˼ɣʮλ˷Ը˵ز˾ߡ䣬ͷһȭǰ֮⣬ҵΪԷѣæһ˺

֮Уһ˺ѵľͻ²ŽʩչѱҵվɡʶէȻ֣ʱ׹Ͼ룬æݶȥ˭϶֮ʣ裬ŵķں֮ٿȻ⧲֮һ߳ȣؽ跨Ϊҽ
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߲ˣһἰķ֮ǿ󣬵ʵ顣
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֮ǰһġ߶ε̶˯İ꣬ټѪΪһ·Ҳ֮ˮǴߣڵִС֮˵ƿΪʱ磬ǿʣٻԷͨȴΪЧ㷨ԴУ֮֮Ī⡣
ԺķţͬԶŷšĿĴĦѳΪ͵Ϯһ
ʶһȥǱǰ˲Ȼ͵ϮΪ൱䲻Ըϸõù
±һסϵµ˴һǿѾõɾڵĸ֣Ȼ˵Ĳһ
һ֮ʣץѽǰԷĿ㵣ʧ㡭ҪɱҲɣδݼ棬㲢ɸҷ
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²ʮ˴˾ڲȻ
ʱҳû˵ˣگʾ塭һǿᣬǼֲ֡ԷޱɾΪ죬ȫ޵֣һ¸֮У⡣
ҳʵĿ϶ظһ䣬һݣȴֲѵֵǽҳ󡣻֮飬֮֮£һѰִдһ˵²ʿҰ
һųĵ΢΢һЦתǰĸ£°һ̧˵ǷΪɱɱ㣬Ҳ㡭˴˽ߣԷƣһĨֻšֵ㣬㼱ȥǺԵʣ
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һ˵㽫ԼŪڹ֮䣬ͼǣУ²Ϊм©תڧԱûߡüһʵΪ峤ϣȴѬҵΪٲȻҪأܲ桭
һɺԣ塭ºƺܷŭס粵
һɫɣʣһķֲԼ֪ʵ
᲻֪޻ֻپ̶ɳɾ֮Ѫƣ֮⡭µֱ׳
һͷ΢㵣۹ܡҵ˲˵һȻԶĲԼȴɫģ
ǺǡһԳЦԼ帲ѵЩĺһ֪꣬ͻȻץ¡Էŭ⣬佫һֻǬӶȥȴʵغǿȡᣬ裬дʲôˣػĲ켺
֪࣬Ϊµıҵ˵ɫЩΡһֵĽڣǳλҾ֮ʱ˿̣ǣЩֱѱ档
һȻǬϵĽƱ
΢΢һ۹кŨǬʶӡǣǿƳζܡ
һ֣Լ⣬ɫ΢΢һһһƿһöƿС֣㲻Զ˵˫ۡ
˲䣬ֻ˾³ϣ㾹ʧѾõġ˻Ȼͼ죬ΪҪ˽쵤ҩСˡ
ɫ䣬æֻżõһֻƿв޵ҩ
żãһеʵν⡭


1083 ʹȻ
¿һе۹ȴȻǿ䵤ѡ
ѣһһ䣬е򣬳Զĳĵʾһö֮УСĵС쵤Ʒš仰˴һ٣΢΢üͷ¹֮ȴΪɡ˵һУɡ
һʵġҳϣȿ˵ˡ쵤
Ҵ쵤кô֪ʥҩƷʧЯдȴҵȻǾϲ⡭
˷ܣ˵ĵؽҪ
˵ͷͣڲԶĲԼж
һ۹ӹܣתǰ
µɫһ˿ңٴǿӲ˵޹ܸġż˽ģʹȻҽ干ǣֺαɸꡭδ䣬ʮĹ˽е³ϲ޴ˡ
λĳϢ˵ظ͵𣬲ʹգ³ﲻ
ﲻһüʶͷת
ݺɾϿ쵤ɣʥˣ棬£ĵԼԼĳ֣޲ָ帲ƽԼӦԵľ¹ڻ֮⣬ȥ׷Դ˸£һƿءӦвżȥĿ֮£Ȼûس͵Ľڡ
һͻȻֵԼҹԷ⣬ͷҴҽǰ׽ĿǣȻֵܽҿɽ⡣Ѫܽ޷ɽ⣡
԰գһ͵ؽȫ֮ĸ˹ȥڳ˶ľٶʼϲȴֲԣһɫȻ
Լһ٣ٿȻ̧ͷͷһӰɲǣĳ˵۹пһĨݿܵĺ⣬ɵΪ֮¶һ⡣
顪
һ֮УѪɽвһкȻһꡣ֪һͶ֮£ԲɱԼǶԷ֮λؽΪСû뵽ԼԼ֣ǿŵµһͽܡ
ɱһλɾǰһλδʦ˵׾٣ԼȻڵԸ޷ɽĽƵΨһռֶΣɱʩ֮ˡǾ峤ϣԼѳΪʸ֮ġ
˲䣬һ
ɱ˸³ϣ󵨡
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͵ɱϵڶԼ͹˫ۣţŵüæһ󣬻̵̻֡𣬾ҡڸ²ֻգۼͻᱻ˺Ƭµ峤ϣɫơ
԰꣡
һףȻզȡ֮ɲǣâȻ۽𷢵ģպȻǰλϵʾȻбƣʱʹΪ֮һɽ֮ϣи̧ͷֹĻ֣סߵݡ
ҵɫأĬ켺Ҫɱºôλˣɾĸ֣ôϡͿȥ겻ѡĳϾôλм϶ɻвһòǿ󣬽ڡ
һܵοȻת߳ԼҲ³϶ʣȴɱڣǺε
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Լλϻ񣬳£˵ԼԲ¹ϵǳȻ֪Ϊıƣһдʵ
һ˵ѱɱڣ֪ν
Լɫ̻̣ٴ̧ۿһԷ½˸ɷ䲻ȣؾ֮Сȴ־ֿ֣ú󼹱亹Ҫڴһ̣ͷһᣬǰ֣ݵ˵ʵ³Ѱػġ
һ΢̶ɫԼæת˽˵³˵ʦǰ޴ʶʦͽԾӡ¸д򡭡
²޴롣幩ޣ
˾һ˽
΢΢㵣³ϵʦԶˣѵɶꡣԭһҾϵʵšһԵңԷҡҡͷ˵һƽٹҾʣ޼ΪáֻǲԼˣȴѱα
һƳһ۲Լƣò̬糣Ȼɽ
Լ˿˵³ҳм֮λȴѪ֮ǶƣҪֶ֮塭һӣȡ֮ΪҲ
ߣˣϧ
һףŲԼɵ˵˵һд֤ʵҶȻ㲻áԷĵֵҽ˴һԺƽϲ١תǸµЩ֣˵³Ƿǹйۡȼ̣ȥ뵱ϡҪ֪Ⱥغ峤Զ˭ڧңﲻ⣡
һˮоҶһλ峤֮ҹ˳ʹԼͶ˳ֽ²ڳˣһνһٶá̧־䣬ٲȻԾӣȫ˿Υͻأ˵Ȼ
ĳϻɫԽˣˣҲδܴõ׵һĻﻰ⣬и֮⡣ôһλ˫ȫǿߣʧΪһ׮£
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͸ڼλϵķԸ£һЩƺˡ˵ȣԷء
һɽ֮ϣߵ˼ݵǰʣµİλ˷׷׼رܡԼԶ룬ֻû׺С
һλӭǰ󻹸һһŮʮĺӡԪӤľ磬Ĳɣӵ겻ȻΪֻϻǳǳۡ
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߹̬ǫһȴɫη壬һʱ֪γƺ
ַŨ룬ǰʾ𵽴ˡ
ߵֵ˼֣˵ʥ𣡡
ʲôʥ𡭡һڰ֣˵ؾһĳƺӣʵСԵαˣͷҲ̧ŵͨڵϡ
æ˵ҵ﷽˫˫ѣǱס̾ãκιҩȱʹףټ˶ϡָ³䡣ɱ¾ҵȡ

Ҳ߽˵꣬ͻһ߳ת𴦣ΪȻ˵ȸǵӣԹˣľ֮У˸ֱ֮
߻һ£ȴһɫºͲǺЦ׳˵׳ڳмָܽǰˡ
ҵŭ߳󵨣
ļһɫĪһԳСԣǸߣдɾ͡뵤ҩͬؽҪҾ֮УΪߵԶڡ
һȻڵϵھ㵣תҵˣ˵λϣɷĹҿ
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΢㵣˵Ȼͨ㣬֪Ǻ⡭
ҷţ˵·ͬѰ˵
λϣɫ
һüͷ壬̯ƣ˵ĳֻ˵һ飬еĹ伮


1084 ֮
Ͽȣ̶İ֮⣬վһȺˡһµİλϣԼԶһԵĲԼ
²֮һط˴ԭֻΪһҪĹ伮֮ʡĵ˲δܾȴ˵
ĳǸŵ˹֣תһɫ˵Ψаݼ飬ܳΪҾ֮˹Ī˵伮ȻǾȫһƿءΡԱһǰһߡų߳ʯ̨ڷһӵʯңңԡ
̶ܰڷһȦʯ̨ٲڡһԴв²⣬ĵľٶ֮󣬲δе⣬ֻ۹⿴Сɵʯ
óʯһҵĴСһģһɫƶӻأ͸Ĺ졣˵أһҪѪ붦׼ִȨճɾ֮λһξѪĹ棬;ö֪
һĬĬŴСʯδżݣɫЩйֻһ֪ʱֱ棬ȫô޾ľ֮СĳǣںֻԼҵǰ;ĶԹԹû˭ϡһ̫ңԶץסһܴʵڡ
ĬȻƬ̣һһתǳŽԵҹһ䲻Է죬Թ˵лҳޱɾеĳȣĳģ̇óһöֵԶŵϹŶη֮Կƿض죬ҽ֮ȨĳĴл֮⡭
ŵôԣڳĸλϾԶݡ
˺һ˫ֽӹ򣬲ȻѵʧѾõġҪ
ľȻԶŹ
𣿺ߣȿڳߣȴȫ޾⣬ۣ浱ĳںʲô֮λ𣿡һɫ˵дˡټԡ֮Ʒţֶ߳һԸµö
޲ΣȴܡԶŵĹԶŵɵ֣帴
ĵ벻һеЦݣ˵˾٣νߵغ
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һɷһƲ˵Ҫ幦ô޴⣬ȴ׼ʣȫ޾⣬ȻǼҵĻֻ˵һ飬ȴš仰һ٣ŭеֵĵƷţ޹Ҫ任ȡ֮ǲʣ˴˵Ե־ʹա̧𣬺ȵԼȥ
Լ⣬ɫįһΪľ֮˱ơ˭϶Է׳ԶŹ֮󣬾Ҫʹ뿪棬ЩֲˡΪ˻֮𣿶ԷȻԼеõԹȵķţֺιִڴˣ
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ԼûӦһֻǰ˶ⶡһǻ׳־ɢȥС߬ţӴ˳Ϧ
һȥڳĸλϻˣĪ˵˼գֻ޳ͷ֮աļæһԵҵ˸ɫԷȴӶһԲǰβԹϾˣǰһ
һ˫üбɫصȻ°һ̧˵˴ԵѾͽ˵棬ƣҪˡ
һ׮£ȻֵⲽءҺ޺޶㣬Ų֪˳̾һ˵Ȩװڲ֪ˣֺαءδ˵꣬һǰ°ݣ˵й𷣣ԺзԸҴǣ
ɫɡֽˣƱ޲Ϊ֮ƣֻһ;תһ°ݣڳ
һأԱ˫֣˵δ׼ǾߣĪǰݴˣ
˵ֻ쾳磬飬ɳɾ֮λҾ֮ɡ
һһɫĪ⡣ûȥ˼˵ˣмһ䡭ڳ˰˿Ȼ˵ĳΪɽ޶ˣŪļߣ۴
δٴȴ

Ͽȱһ߷֮ϣһƧĶǰһվһ
˴Ӹٷ磬ķǾĶڡһҰֻΪԸ䣬ȴΪʱԶշ壬˳ƶΪ
㡭赶ɱˣҺÿ࡭
һϥȻ¡һԵĲԼڷ߷߲ƽΪȻ̧һƳ˵ɱ£㻹ܻʱ˵ҽ赶ɱˣ˵ʱƣԼһ
Լɫãֻͷ£Ʊôһ̶ת֮󣬱ʹԼơԩҡעĿǣĪڴˡ
ԩҿ˵ǲɱǸ£ԷضɱԼڡʱȨױաȻΣȥԼҲϵˣֻܱ˳ٲ档
˽թԵ޹ʴģ
һɱңң⣿
Լһ̲סͷǡ֮У˼εľ⣬Ǿ⡣
̶Ŀ޴ϿȻһŤͷתżֶĲԼüһ˵⣿ūꡭԷɫѿҪ缸䣬ֵݵ룡ԸչԲ
ڴʱӰӿնǳҡ
״Լ˺رܣͷȴǽп졣ҲԵҪū֮ã
һ˾ʾ⡣
˫˫վˣԹ
һɫȻ˵λԱ㡭һţٴϥֹɡ
λΣתֽǰ˫˫ǸȻǰðҪ黳ǡ
һ΢̣˵Բ¼ɣ֮Ȼǵѣλֺαضأ
ͻһЦ˵֮أȻǱȳˣһԵĳ֮󣬸óһöǬӷϷ˵Ĺ伮УĿ
һӹӣϸ֮еĹ伮ǲ٣ҼΪȴһǿ֮档ĲЩ
Ƭ֮һɫ΢ȡһö֮󣬽ӻ˹ȥԭרڻ֮һǡ
㵱ǳûٵСˣ𣿡һһ䣬۹ϡ
һ򶨡
ҹһЦ˵Ĺ뵤һɽԣɫҲѡλϻͷΪȻ
˵ʶദ׸ǹ׶ۣײβߵĿǵ֮һۿ͸ء
һԹ˽˼еϣֻһ֮˫üһչƳ£ǺЦ˵Ļ֮أֻǡꡢѪߺһ̶Ǻǣ֮ϡ
ԶĲԼĻ֮ԹȵЩͬ
һɫã˲ԡеĳҡͷ˵ԣ˻֮صһطţáҸ͵˷ǡ꣬ԼΪڶѪΪѰ֮ĺʱա
һ벻⣬ȥЦ£ֻԵˣоˡ


1085 
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Ըܼ򵥣йءһŪ帲࣬һΪѰһȬķšҪӲ֮У֮̽ǰһвסǣҵ˶Դһ֪ȫ¡
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Ҫ֪һƲл꣬ĿĻԵźòԪȴޱɾ֮вشҪָһ֮ѣ
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ɽɽȺ󱻻٣ʧȥƵŻԣصΪ֮Ȼ࣡
˴ɨһգƣԪ뵣ǰûԭȻǿƻع飡
һ䶴ǰһİﴨŷյĶпѡֳȥ˰ٰ᲻أ¼Ϊ˱ãѲ֪ԼٻءοƣвʳӡƵΪòףˣֵܲ˵ؽʧھš֮ްټ֪֮簮ǻΪ˸ߵǡ
һӰȻ˾ŵūﴨĬȻ˼ʵɽѰգչԵ˴
ﴨ˷ɽ꣬һĻ֮£ū˫˫ɽ١չº󣬵֪ūֵͯܽæտɽšһշЩ㰲֣䰲Ĳ١ǡɽ¡
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ԣȻ֪ūףתƷյĶֵҵطɽţࡣʦҶɽٻ֮⣬һֱŲɽаãպǡ
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ǧūﴨȥֻӰΪ֮˶£Цڡˣֱһλ񳳤üߣһλŵ׵Ŀӡ
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ͻˣԷ糾ɫܡ˶֮ˣȻǳӡ֣ΪȵЦѽһ꣬Ƿǲɽ٣֪˼췭ظֵܣҲ˫أŤͷգΪȻҡͷ˵ģﶯʱڣֵԵһء
ȡȡ
ʦͽأڳ˹ּ֮ʣںסȡ
ؼˣ޼ɵӵ֪תզզϲؽеףūﴨ۹ԭ˶ɽ١ԷӦǣֿǧһ֣˵ٺ٣СѾͷԺһΣռұˡ
ǧһЦԺ㻽һָ硭
봾ڷǧ˫˫ȻǰŮʶһ֦һ˫ȴĪǳѱ档ƣ˸Īԡ
ʦͽ֪ǣǰķţǧйһ֮ԵʱǨǸ´ðŮӣΪһλˣ
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Цתһʹ̩һϮӰǡҡҷʱɫˣ
ڷ΢΢㱣סǰ˶ԷɫׯʹͷٿȻһ͵ҡҡͷֻѣΣȻԳ֡ӣ֮£ū
֣Щȥ٣˵ֵҲ𡭡
ﴨֵܣȻҪࡣʺһ󣬶ԷͷԵؿյĶںػӶֱۣ˵Щ꾡ˣӵʦͽֲ˼顭
Ӹҡͷпѱ硣ڷת˲̬ɣεһʼͷЩı֮࣬Ϊ˵գ
ֵΪβŶӣֵسŶֹ
ūǰһ˵ʦšͷһ̾ŲΪ֪ίɽŵһʦͽû˵ϼ仰֪æ£ȴԼӡ
ӺʵİٶδֵȻţʱΪΣʰޣҽʦͽʱͷһ˫˫ɫڴ
ūһ۰ﴨԷһЦ˵ЪϢҵ
⣬ڽǨڵħ֮УһͬڸؼȻͬ


1086 Ե
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ħ磬Ѳ䡣֮£糿ʱܹ֡ǧɽ֡ƽԭĮһۿȥٲ죬ȶȴ˵ʲôʹһڴδ֪
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㣬ħڱ˴ʱģ
⻹֮ܳΪħޱߵĻļȻʣȴ֮ܵ仯ǳ¶ǷľԼ飿
һһóϽ«ĵعһھƣ̧
ڵɽԼ﷽Բ֮ڣΪ֡ˮǴޱɾϴɳеȡ̫֮ȻŨҾһԵĲԶǵūֲµļԭѿήȴѿмִɫȻ
ʮ⣬ĿһӰɫᣬħƣɢɾڵΪ
һֹ˿ھƣĬĬǸһģһӰɽ֮չֻūﴨɽ֮ʱգµĹ޸ħķʱһ࣬ȴһ׮¡ÿޱɾеֱ⣬겻ѡ
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һ뼸ֺѼ䣬ϤŮӵɽһͬɽԷʢǶԵϲѣԽƣ˴˷ɡ
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ӽŵ껼ѵĽ飬ɴɽˡūưãһĵţʹΪοؽŵԼļҡȺ޵δŮԸǰȥ̽飬ûڵ췭ظΪ
ӷغ壬ڷټǲɢĵӡʦͽæؿɽš
֮һ˷ɽǧһ߷֮ϡΣתһһӰһĺÿȴ޶ãֻȥµΡ
޵ʮˣһƫƧɽ֮УԼҲһʱݡһ䣬ûسͣһһλɽνǣ
һջʶ¡ɽİɽһ䶴ⲽ̧ͷЦͬʱԵŮߴߴզզ첻ͣ
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ýòŶ֪ʦҪԶš
ʦŻãֳԶţӡ㣬˵


1087 δ
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һؾ֮󣬱ȺӣһڴңΪɾ֮ϣ˵Ƕľ硣ɽһ뵣Ǻ졢ڽİΣ
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һǧūһ˽˵˰εĻޱɾţǷǷǣһһʵ档ĪľԼδ֪ԼĲ²뷨
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һߣ嫵֮УȻ֪ǿߵΪΣ
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һ巵ꡢǼߣָܷƩΪԼʶ䣬һǰ
һٶδѣĸпοȻ֪޲ԡ˵ԶĴ𣬽ǶԲСɵΪʥߣԸһΪڵľ硣
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廹꣬跨תֻͬ롰߾֮ࡣ˾ΥΪǰǿѹƣʶ佫ָˣֻɾ磬޽ɡ
һڵĻͷٴˡʾԷʵ֪
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԰գһֽ־档ӵڳĺʿȲس뵽˽֮СڷȺܹȴһȡãɵǰڡԺӣͷ
һͯҵֵҲشܽ˽֮Уתշ𡣶ĵӰȥִ䣬
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ǿ֮УһסΣͷĵӰǰֵ΢΢ͷʾ⣬תȵӰ˵ӣū˲ɽ£һʱա
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һ΢̣ЦԴӶ˹־ǧ֮ԭ˳ūҲòˡ


1088 
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ūһͷϵǳǳЦ⡣Էб䣬΢΢һȦȻˡԼǲµСѾͷʦǻл
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ǺǣŮˣȤ
ֵܻ״μԶԸһԲҵĺǺɵЦš
һüͷһӣ϶һ뵹âǧĵңū˵Ϊʦħ磬ͬҳ֮Ϊؽɡ˵ţһУһ̴ֲ
ǧУҵĻ
һǧᣬؽݸūʾķһǰ֪ɽ֮󣬿볾һͬԷֽӹȴɫתֵħбչأū顭
ʦħ뱾һ޶֣ʦѽΪصĽ罻ԼػūͷתϲݸһЦǧæԣ뿴Էȴȹڡ
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һһСɵƿͣ½Ų˵ѽ˽ƵǵѪ
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Լһգͣƿɵ˻С鲻Խؽ֮ץסŵضǸԩҡǸעĿǣ
һ˫֣˵Լ֪вޣȴһաһת΢̣׽Цֵ˳ӣǿǻȥȫһ֮䣡û㣬ѰԹȡ
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̶İ֮⣬վųġҡ͸ʵһٶλĸ֡һŲԼ˹ּ
һ֮󣬶ǰмתվ۹ܣ˵ҽҪڵѪһá
ҵ֪һ⣬ȴһɫء֮УԭһٶѪֻʣʮΣǰİҪãǿǽеŴ棬ѪҪʹ˺ľ廹𡭡
һ˵鿴ȻӶ䡣ʱ֮䣬һ߰ɳǻȻ֣顱һĵϣǽ̶էһ֫β𣬹ǼӴӨɭɭ֮Ȼķ
ڳ޲ݣһϢĿȻ֮أȱһǡһӴõǣǧԽ޽С֮Ƕ쾳СɣǶȻǵѵź
һͬڻȴɫԶ
뵱ѣڴԶȡǧ֮Լϡ
һתˣ˵ɵ֮дһƲлꡣĳңΪֵܲ񡣶ΪҶȡޱɵ۴УٴκľԪ֮ʶ
ڳÿһ˶ڶǾȻʧѡ꣬ľȻͷȥҡ͸ʵЧ¡ת֮䣬̶İ֮⣬һƬعݵӰźľڡ
һ΢΢һ٣Թ˽˵Ļ֮֮Ѫ֮Уӳ̶ֽ֮м꣬ǹһʮ飬ڵѪΪá˹֮һһֵʶĳĦʱѰһֻ֮ȡѪʮΡ
ҵ˶˶񣬽˴ǰǡѪ桢棬ʵ롣ǲɻ󣬾ʵзԸҵȸҲʮѪãս޼¡


1089 ȥδ
ڰ֮ϾѪеʮΣ籭ˮн
һӷ˵̧ʾ⿪
ˣв⣬ȴӦӡС˺󣬳ǰ
һλɾΪĳϣΧ̶İ֮վһȦ忪ķţ޷ƾ跨ǿʩΪˡ˸͸λ֡
˲䣬Ǹ֮ϣӵľͻȻųҫ۶ĿϽâ֮һԽĶȻ죬Īɲķգ۵ĹһѪ˫ĶƷɳ
ͬʱһٴμһֻǵѪٿ£Ȼ̶̾Ķǹ֮С
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ڳİλϼ״ҪʹաһͻȻֱһһõӰֱȥת˲֮䣬µʮѪѱ
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˭һδѪչ鼺У˳ƻӱһ˦ʮѪһ˲Զפʮˡǰ͸ʵʮλˣǽкڵΪλϵķţԸҽѪ£ֻȫΪһĳԼ࣬ɵ˵ȻȻ
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ǰΪ˴˵뻯˹ǺɢѪ䡣ˣָúȥδӣ
ȷΪеԵֲ٣ؽһ
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״˻Ȼȴֲ첻ѡľѪֲѪĲ㣬̫ڷ˼еǣʧѪ󣬶޴󡭡
һͷҲ̧Ȼ˵ΣĪĳŵĲѪ̤նУָ㣬һενɫľѪ·֮ϡƬ̣ԪģڻʣΨķȻȻɡ
ͬʱһıŽƶֶȥ˵ĳԶһС˷ܵóԸȻһѪкηλ԰ꡭҵ΢΢һЦ͵ȻĿԵȻбȴԴȶɡ
յĹһΧ̶תһȦֻصԭĵطӰɢи͸Ƶƣ롣ξѪ£ǧԪȥ˰˳ɡһδȾѪȥο֪
һıδȻϵؼһǰ֮ϣΪһĹâ֡
Ϣ
һ̣޶ΪĲлƴˣͬԴı𣬷޶ԣƵᣬʵҪһеļơ
ڳλ˴˵ͷĪĳ
Ұ˿ȥһ˵вأòʧλŸ͡
ϵ壬ء
ǰǰ⣬ؽ֮ӡ

һʮ̤նӰһʵܵĶȻԿµµɫ͸żַ
ڹȥһ֮УһνǱĴĦϸϸãֻΪ֮һʧǬڵǣһʮ顣ǾѪļӳ֣ڳ˵Ρʶ뽫ֱ֮Դ
ʮǣҳ֮Ϊǡ֧ţڣԶµѪһһӳ֡ǣ˹Ƿ·˺ɣҳ֮Ϊ˹ǣһľѪӳ֡µһǣмƽϡ
һıǰ˫վ̧üģò͹Եӡ΢΢δɣתָǰȥһξѪ̺űԪٿȻû֮С
֮˲䣬еͻȻȭؿڡ顱һ죬ȻҺ߶Ѫȴ˳Ŵȥһд߶ķңӦͬʱһһƬɫѪȻըѸڰɷԲ֮ڣתֱ·ɴ
ڴʱһͻȻЦһɵ͸ĪĿοӰΣ漴ҡһͷ¡
һıһͨһ̶İ֮⡣Ͼˣһ̴ֻһӡһ߽ɫĻӰٿȻգû뵽ͷ֮С䲻ݻ֮ʣȻ˫չһ٣зһ߳𡪡
Ŀ֮£ǡ䡪һ΢졣ض𣬰֮Ϊâơէһһٰ죡
һı˫ǰһƣ˳̶ת֮䣬ӴӰȻֻһ뵷ڲݡ䲻飬һץȥ
ȻǵڵأμΪȴڱץ˲䣬ҧǿŻһƳɼ΢̵ǴһĨЦ⣬üȻʡ仺ǰ漴̶
һıɫ糣Ȼ̶Էڣ֮תշ˴˾أϼػԷݣĳϡҳϣλϡֵܣݱٻᡭҡֱϣӰԶȥֶһ䣺ԼԹȵķ羰Ρ
Լ˼Щ֪롣˿һΪԼָúȥδӣԣȻһæ׷ȥ


1090 Ѱ
򣬵¶Ѩ֮С
һδӾأԲԸ˫ۡһαչضãİٶ꣡Ϊ֮󣬲֪䣬ԼһƬŨصĺڰΪĲǹҹɫȻ
С󺣡дһˡ
һֻۣΪģѰȴüŨ絶ɫ㣬ʱʱϳɵΪǡ
һŮӣΪʦǸСȤסҪȡЦ
һɾ֮У˶ˡٴμʱȻװݣȴ׷ɱ·ӡǡʦ·佫¡˭ϴԺ󣬱˴˼˲֮Ե
ͬһɾ֮УкɽݾʱΣ֮ʱ֡
һµĶѨϦŽãһ
һƼˮӣΪĵİΣεȡ֪䣬С
ɽģƽ羵ʯͤٷ硣Я֣͸һᡣΪѪУԢ鳣ڣ׷Ȼ
֮һʿȻԽ𽣿ǰǰ˱ľ°㣬ƾеľѪָʱ˫˫Χ
֮ѬĵʦҪѻǡϵ˶裬ƴά
绷µʯ޵;һ;ĩ·е¡ѪΪֻΪһ
˵ؽҴĪȥ˴Ӵ
ϡǵãһƲʵĲлŻʣйһ̵Ļ㱣˷صһƽ֮СǶǳɫ¥̮һ쳹һߴԨsŰذա
˫ü絶ǣƮ֮ʣ顭
һŮƾɽڣԶҲΨա࣬Ȼغϣ
ӡ
һȴܰ΢΢˫ۣˮȴֹסȻ¡̧ãŷʪоһĨ졣ͷĪһۣ׵ʹ˵ʦ
֪ʱѨеķ֮⣬ֶһλİŮӡӵʦˣʥŮ
Ե᣿
ʥŮһĪ⣬ͻʻ׽
ȥеˮһʱԶԡ
ʥŮһ۷еӣ˵ΪʦȣǿΪ֮٣аľתȥ˵չİȥɾڣĪҪΪʦһĲźð̣ǰΡǡֻһΡ
Ե侳ƻãȴֿ̹ġǡֻһΣ
̧ͷĬĬ̾Ϣһƽȴ˵һƵԶȴ޴ȻܹʦѵҪʹ˹Լпؽ
ӣΪʦ󣬿ǣ
ӿϤİıӰӲʦʾ¡
˾ɷΪᡯ㽫֮죬ʦнʥŮͷҲأ׳һö
ӽӹ᣿
ǧǧᣬ١ΨпƷܴ֮гɣ˷һ֮ʥŮ˵
ɷȻǱѰƵĽзôı⡣ʦľٶǳϡӳ£˵ӱµ΢ֻиʦСʱȻ˳ģȴ˼ų˼ĳ
ʥŮвδ⣬Ϊεҡҡͷ˵ǲʦǣʹա
вæʦҲӣǾĵӣʦʩ֮٣Ϊ
ţТĿɼΣΪʦĺ࡭˴ʥŮתο˵Ϊʦԭһ׮£Ϊ֣в㽫Σ
ӴӷվǷ
ԱŵΪʦο֮Υع֮ʥŮ΢΢ͷж˼ֲɵϡ˵ƾµΪһʽɷȫ޶֡
Ӳʦ˵꣬ͷֱʧɡ
ߣǰƺСоҵΪʥŮĻͻȻһѨжʱһĳš
ȻɫɷףԱݽۡǰķؿ΢΢
ͬʱʥŮһ̾Σ¹شܳκʦͽȻŹس͡
ӵ˫Ȼһϼ죬һʱ޴롣ڱ⣬ȴԳڡ
ʥŮԵӵɫδԹ˵Ϊʦһ׮޴Ž⣬㲻Ȩһ֮ȻŹ治ݡ
㷣ʦȻתȥԶԶһ仰ӣ˾ӣ޼ŮԸξѣ׹١ǧǧᣬ١
֪ȥ˶ãȻ겻֮Ужһᡣδ֮չ涡
ǿ֮УһǰһӰͣǰ߶ʮͷͣһۣҵȻ˵ģִ֫׳Կ䲻ª͹ȴʼ͸һ˿Ĳ
֡𡭡֪Ҹδȥ
˳ʳһ仰ǸϤҿɶѿڶСģ漴ֹסһڡʱǰλǸС˭ʱǨһԳҾȻͲбŪˣͽκΣ
𣬱뿪治õһˣǲԼ뿪治ãһʱȥ
һûԼ̧ķΪĲʶҲˮǴߣǿЩϡֻһʶֱȥ֮⡣ǹڶһࡣֻǺ޼п͸Ƶĵطʮ䲻ңĪľ򣬻ԹԼһЩδ֪ĶԷдȥһһѰ١
ָԹȵڣƬ֮һعͷ
ʮĲԼɫһ࣬ס֣˵Ѿãδ֪Ҳǲ淽򰡡
ǺǣһĵЦһ˵ԼĴңҲΪ³ϱ𡭡
޳ܡԼŭɶ˻𡣶ԷƵòȻȴǸó赶ɱ˵޳֮ڴȡ󣬹ȻҪԹȡǿ̣벻̣
һüһɫɣȴ˵ֻ°һ̧ΪĮעŶŭѵĲԼԷֻһȤķ羰ǡ;˴ˣʱ֮ȥ
Լɫһͷһ֪ΪΣ˵ĮȻʴӡתɰΣֻεǿЦ̫Զ·;ѱ棬ηѰ


1091 رԺ
򣬾ݱԺ
νıԺǺ֮ϵһϿȣеһƬɺԵСˡҺˮûˣȡ֮һԼе֮⣬̨ͤ¥ᣬ޴שƬߡôһ۵Ƨ䣬ȻΪ˺ʿĿеʥءգҲؽ˵ԭֻΪǽһɵġϴɳء
ʮչһ߳˽ӡԪӡ쳤ӡˮ޲ȣҾ졣ԭλڵĸ֣쾳ɡֵͯȻջΪȴްֵĽ
Ͽ֮Уһοѡֻɽɫ£ĿվͷµĽƣתҲ޸п˵Ըһó˷ɾ壬ֵ֮
ԼǣԼǣǺǡ쳤ӶŰ룬Ц˵ֵѶٳһϴɳأݵʿɾԵνǧﰡ
ˮһЦ˫˫ͷ͡
Ԫû˴ǰݵ͸ż־£˵ǿۣ˳ɴһȣұֵŵؼʵҽ֮
𣿽𡭡쳤΢΢һ漴ȻЦʵ顢顭
ӡˮӲҪ֮ͬʱƵ˵ĪҪŷҼҳϣͯĳֻһ䣬ֵΪβóɡ
ŵϣڡߣϴͯλֵվңֱͯͯ롣µвͬȴȻǺԲΪ
ڳļλʾ£˴ͯﹰ֣˵ҵȽޱ٣Žֵȡϲ¥ֵػɹ˹أҰˮɡ
ڴһɽ֮ϣϥһλߴ׳ĺӡ׶ɢĪƣηػϿȣһȺֵĺʿҽǰֻöԶ׹
ڷ뼸λʦֵѵȺʱէʦ˳رҪӭǰȥŽһ߳ȴҾݱԺ˲ÿ
ŵĵǶʱֹ׳ΪޣȴٰĸˡĸҼҲҽ׵ڳЩСڷңң֣ǳϣ´ڷ硭
ֵͯ˵ϿһɽϵĶ˼״δɣ̤ն̧˵ѣҼҵӣһ档вֵ֪ȥ˺δ
ǺӺ˴ڷˣתϿзһӰٴɫ߳ҶïǰɵΪСʶ𱰡Ϊ죬ֵֹӲ˭ֵܡ
Ҷïֵе׳ҶԴӳɾ֮󣬽˿Ұ̸ֹһʿ亩ֱ뺷ڣٲȻһƶ֮ˡ
һɽ֮ϣδΣһʱ˲áһ⣬ҲСڣֵϰΪ˴˼ദǢ˭Ͻͻѵ⣬ʵβѡ׳ľڳÿһλѰ֮ϡԷףȴֲʧ
ǰˡҵð¡
ֻ֪ùһֵͯݣЦǺǵرҪûȥ˭ҶïȻطԸػԺҵʹ
ӣͯϴЩҲסˡĿ֮֮£ⲻǽ˶̴µҵˣ˭ҵӣֵΪȻֻʹ˷ؽ⡣Կ۶꣬ڵȵ½һգǹƼ
ŵļλϾȻԼִ·ͻȻڳ
Ҷïһ鷽ʯ֮ϣһɣǵڶȵ˻ĸֹɣߣȹһء
Ī˵Ҷ̣ƨɶ˿ɾ˴ͬΪˣ˭ֱ˭ǿ٣ϴͯЩŭӲͷƤ˵֣㲻Ҳͬ³ֺαض¡ˣǹʾ⡣ûӣԷһֱѹԼֵܵͷϣ˵ˡ
Ҷïҡһ׳˶޵˵ߣֵܶѱȥƣҸؼˣڴ˴
ļٵģֵܴͯ㵣ɫʧ䡣һԵκ˱ˣû
ǡڴʱӰԶһ֮Ц˵ֵޱɾԡѪƴɱպգĹ֪ͼȥϡ棿ֵͯܲһλ´Цݡ
ӵѡһæִкΪһ㣬ȴһͬ½粢ǳ˵ĿУݵλ֪
Ҷ£Ŵ˴ٱԺһﴨǫɣ˼ѡ˫˫£Ҷïʵֵȥ˺δ
Ҷïƴ³򵥣ȴɵϲû̧̧ƨɣųһЦ˵֪
ͷԹûҿū볾ӻת֪Ȼڹڰ֣Ͽкʱ²ЦԺ˴ԪŨ羰ˣõطתֵͯ˵˻㣬ղֵܷ⿪ֵܱǰ֮ʱҰ˵û
ֵͯæ˼Ц
λɵгɣϲɺѽ
ʱȻ˸ҼΪ쳣ֵأһĵЦΪس˵ųھӣԾ֮ꡣ̨ͤѽ¥ѽôһ滨ݡƣ߲ܣٺ١
ǴĽ֪ԷϳԿƢԡַ룬ǸȻЦæձضհ죡
һЦҵĶѾͷռˣڴ˰ӡһڣ̤նתϿȣѰһƽ̹ͱڣּ̧ʯɽ֮Уǿͱ֮϶ŤŤĴ֣ء
ӰˣԭĶȻšӷɽ֮󣬱ߴūչʵ⣬Էؽ֮С
ū֮λ²ԽһнﴨӴѰڴʦĶ򡣶ԷʴϻҹɿˣȻ֮շ޺֮ǣǧصһĶ֮СŮӷ˶ţȲ硭
ʵ֮£ķ޼ʡŮӽУҴͣ
ϣ˴ֱŶǧĿ棬̾Ǭ죬ٵأĪڴѽ
һƬ֮Увʯݣ֦´䣬һĬȻϤӰ
״ūȸԾ𣬻ʦ
ǧһЦȻȥҲ
ͬʱԶһҵ֮ǰðһӰֻ꣬һףһӰĶ


1092 
ǱԹȣ
һ̧Զḧϵʯ͹ԣ漴ʧ
֮⣬һҵƾ׺ڰ֮УĹâɷǹءԼ񣬱ɿߡǲǿֹСʯҷβ⣬ǺĻ㱡
һ˴Ӧһһ˦󣬺ת
ԼԴ㵣Īһ򶨵һЦʵǡȦʵʲһ򣬸˵ðв֪Ǻͨɷָ̡۹ɫлһ˿ײɻ
һһƲᡣǿպ嫣ʩչؾ˲ѶΪ֮ԴɾΪ̤֮һʵࡣԼ·ŽȦٴó
ͨƽɷҲǰԹȡ
һ˵ԼֻԴԭߣƶòͷ֮νƱǿ̿ƣҲʧΪȨ֮ơ
һ۹ԼԸͷǰ·
ԼֳǣǰȴƲػͷʵȨδȣչȭ֮ʱΪҪԶأԷĻ٣Ļࡣ벻⣬ԼΪūΪ͵ľ
Ϊأһһ䣬׽˵֮䣬Էһǰһֱҵƶȥ
ʱĹ˴˰һ硣žɫãһǰʯ鲼ɽ۴ԻҴݲһɽ֮УɼѨ䣬ȴû˵ӰΨޱߵųķɢ޵ĵѪȡ
Ƭֹ֮סȥơһüʶһԲԼȴԲ㵲ѡֻǧ﷽Բɽ֮У洦ɢŲ֫ϱۣһͷͷ޵źνҶĿġ
⡭𣬲ԼʧѰ˴Ȼɱ˸һɶ
ޣܡȥ磬ײУҼѶԸȴѰѨɱǿɶǲԼ£ܲʧɫ
Ѱ𣬶ȻѰ𡭡
ԼϾˣŭɽȡһ˼󲻽Ρ
һʯ֮䣬һʬǿյޡ֫ɿݣͷ­ݣٲȻȥ˺ܾáԶʯУ֫ǽ塭
Լŵһٶޣ㳲Ȼ֣Ҳ˰
ɽȲ֮Уȷ֮ء޵źδɹǣҵ龰һĿȻ
Լɢʶ֣漴־ҡҡͷ˵ѽȻȥһꡣΪǿĺ˭вʣطѭɽеĶѨһһ鿴
һʯԣĬĬ洦ɼĲҾͷͬƽһȺ޼ɵġܡô˸ɾ̫졣ԲԼľٶβлͫ˸Է˵¹һ꣬ºۼ
һ֮󣬴ͷɥĲԼصԭأȻδģżһ̯˫֣ŭӵ˵ȫûˣԹȾʹ˶
һ̧ͷ顱һ½űߵʬʯӡԼһסȴЦʣ˴Թȡ
Լһ۽΢΢鴤Щ޹˵Īǡ»һԹȡ仰δ䣬Īһۣ顱ը죬ȻͷĿѣԳ֡Ҫȴ٣Ӥ漴ͨһڵأŭ͹亹죬סȻģ顭
һǱ˫˼ʲôԭһб֫ءӲĲԼ˵ɱ㣬һ֮䡣ȴÿÿΪǣˣŪĻⲻ֪ۼ
ҡԼɫȻǰ󷢺ڡкԷԵζŭϦݶ롣ǿɹʴʹ尾˵
һǹһĨЦ˵ͲȴĴҡΪȻҡҡͷֵȻˣԳȫס仰һת˵޶ط磬֮ǰȴȻ
ͨ
һ죬Լ֧Ųס˵ڵأ˫ӲʯУȻͿʹֹ׳˶šţģǱ
⡭һмؿŵϵĲԼ˵ǵãǸʦˡ˴ֻ޵ĳѨʦڣĶֺڡ
ԼȻһ٣ǿ̧ͷ亹ųʹһªԷôֶɫĮȻȴ֪ɱĪ⡣ǰ˵ĻԼˡʱһһûӹһ˫䵭Զ۹⡭
Ī֮ʣԼ궯ͷʱľ֮µҲ롢ǲֵ֮ġǡڴʱĵĻٴδһٶλһ棬ǡͥɨѨ֮벻ԼǿĳңֻʦҲӴ˽ٰ
ԽһȺһ򾡣ǳΪԷǳҲбϷŹʦԼǼδֽסȻһңҲ˲࣬׷Թԣɼ޷ڡʦ̹Է飬Ψãȥһ˿Ըͷء顢顱죬ʯмɽ˲䣬һᣬϾȻȲ˵Թдڣҵ
һ֮УͬЩʧ䣬ֻǲɫˡŷҵĲԼҡҡͷ˵ʦѣȻ¹꣬һΪʱ
Լǰһ¹ʦΣ鼱ʧ̬ʱ綵ͷһͰˮʹ˶ʱתɫһңͷ䣬겻˵ǺáǺãʦѣȴãȻ޴֮ʣ˷ԸˣȦһ⡭
һزԼΪ˳ӣתԭʧȥӰһһӣ̤ն𡭡
һҵƣȴǧĴСİɫâں嫵İлҸΪضĪ⡣ֺһԶŵķ磬ʣȴֲעˣأԹ¶ĬĬ
һŲԼָ㣬תƣһСĲ֮ϡͬǿ鲻ë֮أĿ˼
һտɽ֮Уһɽ֮ǰһվӶ䡣ԼȦٿȻͷҲصֱɸߵĶڶȥ
һ˵ͷɽȼΪƧȴʧľǰɽͷرǲԼʦͽĶɡ
פƬ̣һ̧ǰɽȻɣȴмԵĵۼǿһڵĶͨ
һɽŲӣ۹ʶϷŹκһɵĵطȫ޷֣ǲԼӰҲѰڵĶڣ˹ȥ


1093 ֮
Ѩߵͣбͨ£͸żء
һδɣ磬һʧڶ֮СǰѨֱɣʶһࡣܵɽʯȴǶʹõµѱߡ
Ƭ̣һ˾ͷѨתԼĪаɳ̡ȥȻ󡭡
һͷ˿δ쳣ǰ߳Ѩס΢΢һ
һǧɴСĶѨܹʯᾣ㣬ʯʹ¶Ԫ֮Ũνء
ڶѨĵ룬һʯ衣зײĺۼȻ˴һɱԽʯɣӰ֮Уʯ͹һ˹ز𣬱ݻʦ
һʯǰͷʯ边ΪɾͣȴѶϳ˼ءʯм֮кΪĿ̧УһɫʯͷһƿӵϷʯͷС״Բѡ֮ϸϸ꣬ɢĹŹ֮⣬һʱʲôãƿɣС쵤С֡
ʦ˵Դһǳƽٹ御ɵ㣬ʢ١ǰ;Ī֮ʣ˼ȴֶȥ
һɫʯͷŵƿŲմأǹĲԼԡǰĶѨͱϣһ״Ĵʯҿӿݣ͹ۼףǡƾֲ֮׵Ĺâȥɷǹ죡
˾뵱ĺɾеĵ޶Ϊ¡ǺľԪޡ
һ˵ͷ˵ʦԶޣ
ԼعͷǱ˵ªлΪ⡣һŴ˵ʦԪ೤׹ֻءɱ
һɫĲԼƲƲ죬۹ЩĮȻǳοڰ˳䡭δǰ֮˵ϣȴĳ黳ͬܡһʦļһһǴ
Զѹȥʮ֮áΪкľԪһաʦӦŲòӴ˴֮ȴ붴ѨΪһֱ˴ˡ
һ滺˵˭ɱʦ޴ӵ֪ƾΪֻδؾ˼ҵĶ֡ʯףлͫ΢΢

Լӵ˽ȥɻǸδ֪ĳңһٲޣѰԹʦһƲл꣬ǵ֮Լܷɱ˶Է𣬲ƽϡ֮ǰᱻ֪
һ۹ʯһͣ٣תϡǸСɵĵƿһԵĲԼʾʦԶ˻һͷޣ̷֮쵤֮Ϊǲɾ壬Լ棬ȴǳƽвش
ԼĿֻľ㵡Է˵һУ侳
һ˵಻֮һһֽ⡭ϵĵƿ£˵ɱޣѰ˴ⲻһתƳԼֵĳͷСȻҪš
ҺйʲôңţҪһ壿Լ۹һͷһҡǵƿԶţеĵҩΪʦϻԵʶ˼ҲŽ֮Ҫһ壿
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪĺϮԼסͷһضƱⶴѨ֮У־壬ֱϢ͡ԼˣһҪʹ
һеĵƿԼ˵ҽʦһһɾʹѰ˵⡭
ԼֽӹƿȻ͸żָпССƿӣôʦԷ˾٣֮⡣ǵʯ蹩ĻһϾ롣ͷлƬ̣ػ˿˵ˣ
һǷҪԼѰɱʦĳˣԼ֪ȴ֪Էһһн⡣ȻˣأԼǳϦ֪һ˵תδ֪ǸŵسңȻרԸӵԹȣ̫ǳϡ
Լʦ䲻ꡣȴڼΪԶɾڵĸ֣ڶĻǴ߳һʱֻǺһս̫ңеҴ޼
ԼʦȻһ٣ȴ٣ֻŲ͵׳־δ꣬Եɣһء
꣬ʮɾΪ׷ĳλ˲£ɱˣֳҪȡ֮˭δѳ֮ꡣλ˾ȻΣͷȥޱһһɱ
ȷѪգԼʦٺʹ˼ʹȻ򡣺һı֮Уȴʱ̲ʵΣΨѰλ˷֪Ϊˣ֮ʣȥԹʲôλ˵ĶͣԼܻ
ʱۣĹΪһּ䡣λʼ޶ԼʦĻ䡣Ȼͷ֮գδ˵ԸԻ͵봫ںˡʶһӣȴδŤתˡ
ǸˣϿ˵Զʥ֮һ
Ǻǣ
Լ֪һУɫȻһһЦЦͻڼžĶѨƻ졣ֵĳֵͻֵΣһĪŭ⡣
Ϊһˣǳغ֮䣬ȴʹûڹıû˻ĹԼ˺ò׽ӽʵ࣬һȻֹ
Ӧе³Ƿһأȴ֪䣬ǷǷܾʹ˽᣿벻ǣȻͻȻðһߡڰԼ֣ڸʲô˭ںδѵڰйעԼһһ
һֱȥ̽Ѱࡣǰأƹ㱡ԭûࡣеֻæҵĽŲһҵľ𡣶ĪΣ󣬱ȴҴңٴҴҡ
һԳһ£ͷһԵĲԼԷɫ͹һ˿
翸ȭûˣ
֪ǰοԼ˵Լһһ仰̧ǰȥ
ǶѨʯϣԼʦѿԭģֻ°źɽʯΪһ壬Ψ¡׻͸żֹ졣ƾ֮ĸ֣û˿Ļ֮д³νաţδ֪̫ࡣֻһʹӥȮˣ
һʯڵʮվ̧ƾһץһмɽһöʯ֮У΢΢ҡͷΪԼʦʲôԣʵβȱġ֮⣬ʲôûС
״Լæǰȥѡ
һֽӸ˲Լͷһܣ˼ת⼲УͷҲصطԸ˵ز˾ߡ


1094 
һ뿪ɽȣʯطǿ֮Уȴͣɫһ˿Ȼ
Լ߬ö򡣶˵еĹʦڣʧ֮࣬οеһҲòôĿ
ԼܷѰ򣿡
Լæջʶǰ򡭡ѵҪ׷ѰԹȳҵ䣿
һ˫֣ķһתһãȻĲԼ
ʮ֮⣬Լеʵ޵츳ͨ棬дĦһСţԼǵκһȥĵطѰ򣬲ѡ
һ˵ͷ˵ȻˣҴһأǰȥ̽Ѱ塢ԼĶ򡭡
Լ΢㵣˵𡭡ȥȻʹȥԶԶ㿪ǰˣʱʶʱ޳ĪĵǻƿСġ
һɫ䣬̧һӣ̸ɴطԸȥɣ
Լһ飬δк쳣תţ˿ֳ£Ϊ֣صػص𣬺ڣ˹֣ٶԣתһɺ˲Զȥ
һ΢̣ĬĬŲԼʧǿ֮С̧꣬һ̤ܹâŤԭٿȻӰ
Ƭ֮һֳΡԼ෴Уۣ˴ԶӦò֮ңʱ޼ʣǹƮ죬һʱ˲ȥ
һɢʶԶ
֪ͼĿԱµķ򡣶˴Զ򣬳ޱߵľ֮⣬ʲô֡ԹбͻȻһֲԤУδʹ˵ȥǿ˲зֺĴ⡣һ˫Īۣ߸ϡ
һסѭŹ̧ͷһգԶңɼȴֹ޴Ӷܡԡ£ȻȫůֻĪĺ⡣ǶĿĹҫ֮УûZڷڣž
ôˣΧϦҲйֵĵӡʱ˿̣һ־Υ˵Ļ̿벻ͻʴӡ
Ǽ򵥵Ŀ־壬һԵľȡ
һüСġڴʱһĺХͻȻƼȵǿգ϶£ֱͷֶ
Ժڰ޴롣浱𣬷û˹˼ɡ
һͷһתͫһ㡢ɰǧâƿնϮǡǡƷɺ硢꣬ɱɲƲɵ
֣Ȼɾϵĸ֣ȻǶΪڣҲûǿơԷǸ֮ˣԹȣҪԸԼԵɡǰĲ²⣬䴦
һ룬תһ̤ȥӲηսû˶ֵ˼֮ɲǣӰٿȻʧԶǹ
ͬʱǿˡסһ
һĶֻǰɶݡһ̤һ٣δɫһ䡣ɱӰΣԶ롣ǺХķ˲ѵǧ֮⡣
ʩչؾȻѲ˾ֵǿ󣬿νƽ嫣δ֪ĸ֡ҵǣԼˡ
һһڣٴȫݡ˭һɱֱƽɡ㵲ѣһ
ɾΪӶʩչؾվǳ֮ơһľؽʳ
һȻͣת˫ֿƼһ衣һƬѪƾ֣˲ӭ˼Ϯǧٵâֵֵģһ˿һĽңֱԼΪǿִ֮ͨʣ߳ǣ
ڴһ˲ǿжȻ䡢䡢䡱֮УѪŰâɽɱŭ˷
һʽͨȻסϮââһƣٴαŽķģǵض
һֵæ˺󡣶Žȴܲκһ̶գۼʧɱ֮С
ܿҵķδƽϢ˲˵ޱ֮ɵ۴ˣǻǿлֳһλߵӰ䲼³뷢ƮȻ䣬ĮȻܣȻһ漴̧ͷԿµϾ¶ЩЦ⣬ܶùϷһʽͦڡ
֮⣬һɫӰһš
߻ա졣֮ȥתӰ١ٴȻԽǳǵɫӰڼΪңԶĵط£˲䲻ˡ
߻׷ȴҡͷգưʧԶɷȻ
Ϊ֮ޣʩչؾ̤һһһֱʮ֮󣬺ͻȻ֮УһȥƱһ̧ͣ͡ͷĿ㵡
ǵ˺δһƬããҹɫب赲ȴְ޼ʣһ¼᲻ɴݶԽǽңԶԼǳһþ˵ʵԼ߹ĵط
һǿٴǰȴˮۣȥ˲ԶֱεƸ˻
ĪǡĪǵľͷ
һֻϢ֫ؾãȴˡΪľ֮ףͷ·δкζų£ڴŴ鲻ԽɾԶĵǳĻþһޡбǬ񡭡
顢顢顭
գ۵ĹɾΪ˷۳һعտյ˫̤֡쾳֮ԪáԼѰŽ˵Ϊڱѳ̫֮ɾȻûôָڶʱһطֻϧûдߣֻƾɵϢָԸǸصĸĪ׷Ȼɾ鷳ˡ
һ˫ֽӡЪϢ
ȥŵ̫֮һ̺ڡ޶˿˿Ʊ֫ٺֻ֮Сһ丳ˮ̫֮ƾأϢ˵ĺôܷͬڣɵ
һҡҡͷȴ˲ű߼ʵĺ˼룬ĬĬעԶǹڡƬ֮ǺһĨЦ⡣ȻŽһĪ׷ɱȴȫԹšеʱҲð̤ʵ
Ǹڱĸ֣ǲɣˣֻ˭Ȼʡޣ񣬼޻壬򡣹Ƶó֮Ҫɱڻʬ𼣡ˣ˱ԼΪǿĶ֣û֮һϣֻʥŮҲв硭
ɣ˵ǿΪ˼ɣȻǳƽлΪβһͳΪβغģƮǿжزء
⣬ɣɨԹ֮һֱʶڰпӡԼ֮Լֵ˾Ȼ޴˲ˣֻܳԼʹɱ֡δšϷŪͼֻ׷Լ
һ˫ü˼ѡȻǰδеǿ֣ȫˣܲ䵨־еܣת˲ʧ١֮ģǸ޴Žɻ󡭡


1095 а
ͬûһԶҹɫ֮УֻԶԶ֮һչ⣬˸ܵڰ㣬ֻءʧ޵ľͷаįޱߣ
һϥһƬ֮Уתۼѹȥʮաܳɣĵǿвδ֡һɵϢǻָɵķҪ¶ܾȫһż
һһԽһ룬һɽĥտ̹Ȼ˸֣ͻȻðһ쾳ǰˡղϣսڡǧ꣬µ·Զ
Ǹصĸ֣ľɣΣԶԸ쾳ֵơ
ڽ޼ңѲҳݡǱʾˣе㣡
νɾɵ۴УδһԼԵ档֮ʱֻħ˫˫ȬȻҪǰȥһ⡣
һ̧üġӡ֣ңԶǣʶƪ֮⣬ɫȻ
һɫߣ⿪ޱԼһΪ˺µߣֽ棬ĿԴ
ߣɾ֮УǷڵȴĳĵ
ĻţѲǶ֣ٸҷĪĳɱ䡣Ǹ֮ϵʥŮҪˡԸԸĵӲҪǣС
֮Уһӿͷһסһ¡˼Ϊɾľ֮һֱϾԷֿǿ԰ĵƽһ
ԾѪΪνľǧСֽʲôģ޴֪ɽ̶ָԪΪʱգһջ
شħƹȫչءΨ޳ħӡӡһһп˵ʤֶΡ
ħħӡ̵ǿֻͨһʽԴġԭΪƾͨηκζ֡ʱδЩһԸٴǸ֮ˣȻ׶༪١Ϊ֮ƣѰԲߡԷǿΪĪ
һʲô䡣ϥͷʱĿСµƣ׻ȸųСеƣһһĥκΪʶޣվһ
ѷ֣ÿԾʹ˽Ħһ
һԼӶ꣬ʶС˲䣬ɣۻѭʶȻҡ۶ѡû˴ǰľţɫ档
Ȼ೤ƴС£澹ȻͬǶһλһοھҳ֮Ϊ׷˼ڤ󡭡
Ƭ֮һһöԭӡοھֱΪ׻ȸʱĶοھΪһһʱ֮仹ǿʲôáٴơ
֮УһĬĬ˼֣Բ󡣶гǶοھǿ֮⣬޷֡Žڵ̫֮ǰâ
һ΢㵣лйԣȴ޶Ѱ̫֮ʹ
һ̫֮ӿ֮Уת˲侹Ȼһйעʹһɫͻ䣬Žָɵķ˵ƴգ֮䣬ڵķȻʣ޼âʢȻڷšȡţɼղܡ
һһ֣һڣǿȻƵ˲֮˦˳ȥ˭סɴ˫ֻۡһɫĹâֱǿգٲȥһǿ쫷硣ɲǣһԼӾ֮ڵջ۲ȻͷšƻصһȴغŽ죬˳Σߵ磬𳹰˷
ͬʱХһӰƾն˲ǧﳤȻأպա
״һ治ѡ֮УǾ޴ӰԼϢϢأʹָĬ硣ɵ̧㣬ͼԼʹǷΪֻ̣Եɣʼϲ
һвת֮䣬Ǿ޴ӰȻٴλһǿ׷ԶȥҲҴңȥҲͻȻ˵δֹ
һؼ汸ԼöʹĴƣδеǿԼ䷨ԭˡ
һʧ֮ʣһֻȥӰ̴棬ǿȴͻȻֳһַ
ΪߣÿһַʮɴСòȴɱ棬βٲȻһοھ֮壬ֹǣȡԶᣬǱر仯
һ飬æǶοھ֮Сַʧȥٴλصǰ
ʧȥ˽еɷȴһջ񡣽Ƿľϲ
һǴһĨ΢Цֽ̧ӿնƽСǲ²ǰοھڡֻϧľܽ׻ȸ編ơħڱչأֵ̽Ѱ֮ʣĦеءãؽ
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رԺ
ϿģʡƵɽ֮ϣȴǶ䶴ֵͯҶïռһֻΪķһʹϿǽµССء
ͯϣճΣ
һ䶴ǰͯҵϴͯϥǰϿȵĳڣз紵ݶһĿȻһȵЦһֽ˶Ӱ˽ǰŷ̬ҵⲻȴ壬ٲȻһģдæֺ̧ѵӵ֡
ͯɾ壬ȻǰӲǺڵΪȴֵֻ֪֮ܳܡ˾׽ֺ֮⣬мָм֮顣ϻǶԷֻԼֵ类ǸûԵǸ˺ˡ֪ͼΪ֮˵ˣһڣ˭зǷ֮أ
֮⣬Ħһʱлɾһ٣ۡ
ӾֹͲͯ˵ЦֵǺǣճһǧɾڵʿ̫ᡭóһǬӣʾԷ鿴
Ӱ˰֣ҡϵһ˫Цϸ졣ֵڴˣȻҪеΧϿתһȦҪͳһɾȻҲڣɣһ죬֮⣬޷ֵ꣡׽Ե򸴺Ҫ̤Уûаɾ밡ٺ١


1096 ޺
ðأгɾ֮á
ǵģٵģ
ŵӣԼˮӡӡԪ쳤ӣ԰ͣһ޳˵ľ硣
ڣԼˡ
ʶرΪڶʿĿһطɾ͵ɵԸΨһ;´սհĦһҲǲɶõĻԵֻǷ߯Щһɾأ
ؿǳһ֮֡˵ޱɾеϴɳأһᵽ졣֪֮򣬾Ǽֵ
һ˭ŵ̫ϳϣ˼ϵĽ𡣻֪˭ŹޱɾսȺۣԼշȺĵȵȴ˵ٸ˵֪ªţΪʿ
㣬һ뿪Ķ̶䣬ʵһʺƣֵóŰﴨۣҪʽ󣬳»ԱԳųϵɡ
֮ͯҵֱֵܷӭ١
ˣ˵˶ɽٳɡ紺է𣬽˼ܡ
ǺڳӱĵĽĴ֮£ڰ˼ڶʿ۵˺֮ϡͬۿⳡٵķòơһɾ֮⣬һллݵĿ׻
Ϊ÷ƵĴ˳ʵʩеѹصƣһһڵȥ֪ݲһ㣬Ȼܡе˵˷ƫƫǺþ֮ˣһʱֻл֮⣬˫˫ֳո֡
治ˣֵͯܶɽٵ߼ҵļ뵽ǧʿüһãɡɵǰνʢǰ
ϣֵͯоյԲɽ١ľţɾ׬˸ΪˣӵǳĿֵĸ̬ʮ㡣
һʱ֮䣬ԼţֳһٵĺͷԽİﴨȴȻȷͨĴ©ʱ˻Ϥڵ飬һЩ˵Ѱһս֮׵ĺӿɾ͵ͷڽβ֮ǰ²̫ҡ
ﴨˣϾʱ顣ܽȰ˵һɷ΢Ž˭˻ͶֻաԷ֣Ƕ䣬һɣ
Ͽȵɽ֮ϣһ䶴ǰһֱһŷɷµü˼ⶴŵһʯϣѱһ֣س˼ڤһ䣬ȴþòãֻóŲԶԹﴨôոȤǰȻʫ˰ߣɺģ
ﴨԶɽ֮ϣĬȻңʡ˼ԶȥԳӵĻ޶ԡ
ûӦӲΪȻغǺһ֡һ̳ﴨͨ£˵һ̳ƣһʫʣǷռұˡ˵ţеľ̳ӵ˹ȥ
ﴨתӹ̳ӣźƻعŤͷǶԵּ˵ɽˮС
ףſھ¶ϲɫմմԵõҡͷ˵ǾسΪӦ䰵С
ﴨĿ̳ĵعһڣַ״ɽˮУƶ޷⾳ͬˡ
ӻȻϲسɽˮСǰ䰵سƶ֣Ǳ䡭Űﴨ̾Ϊֵܿеİ˵ãҲ£תָ㣬Ȼһ仰ʯ֮ϣЦѾ䱾ɣż֮
ཻã˴ƢȻﴨԳӵĺƤϰΪԵһЦһĬĬžơ
ӼﴨĲɣȡЦأĪΪŽǲԼһ̳ƣܲ˵س
ﴨ΢¾̳ӣ˵ľ֣ش֮ͷֻ̫Ｋطһȥ
ѽһϾˮ벻˵һɵ֣ͥ񡣶ֵǿȻضƽϣ԰бӣصֵֵһޣ֪û·ɽū볾˰ؼöҴ󷢺ƶӲܣֺαضء
ﴨ˼صͷɫ࣬˵ˣҶˡδ䣬ֽס̾һ
ȴΪʹسһھ۶ŰﴨٺЦãңǣԵֳ̾ѹ¶֮Դ
ﴨڰ֣ǸȻһЦ˵Եˣ࣬ľѳȻۡ˵ȥǻһתʵҵ뿪߰˰֮ãת
ȥӵǸɴࡣ
ﴨһ㶣Щ˵ʦŵͽͽԽӼһȻԻһ£ֵһмմӣ˹һ֯Ѿͷװ뿪ݵʱǣ޹ҡ˵£⻼ûʧ˼Ҳࡣ
ҡǺӣָôŰյľ̳ӣ졣бŰﴨζ˵ƾΪããѰǸ»ȥˣΡ̬ɣ۹ȴ˼˵ѥӣĽšԼ·߲ˣҲȡˣ
ŶĻ޵ﴨŶһ˼ȴȻЩ᲻
ε죬˵ҵֵˣΨһΪ죬ؾݲѰ¡
ﴨ۹һɵԼǼӣͷ͵һջתƵȦؼ׾ٰ
ӺߺһĽ˵壬ѹžĶࡣ㿴ȥ𡭡ԷɫɻһֵģȥͷΣǰ֮δԶҲ
ﴨɫһĬȻ
ӵ£һֳž̳ӣһǷʳԿãԵ˯ţõŵ£ִȻԵ벻ɶѡ
顱һ죬̳ӳԽסָͷȻը÷飬дľˮһһˮƬһԣȴ̲סԹǣǽ˺ûκΣ޳ˡҪֵܰ⡭
ﴨһ£عǲӵ֮ȭȭģȴȻͻԼҲǸƵ˵֮ҲѲ𡣶ԷڶгȤͷȻһᣬЦΪʦ򲻵ò˽ԶŹǷͬСɣĪǼͽ
һΪ˸οﴨɥ֮ʹŮ˳ӡԾݵĹʮˣֻʣλ빲ѣ˴˼໥շӦ֮塣ʶӵİͽˡ
ٺ٣ڡŮҲ޷ʱһ޳ɿĪҡûұֵܿӳʲôģӴЦһǣչŷ˶վŤͷԼҵĶسɽˮУ⾳һַ֣ɧ޵ظп䷲䣬ú쳾ƶˡϼ欣޺۹ߡ
ǡڴʱٽ


1097 糾
ţɽһĶ
ѱ˵Ľ΢СһӨӨâ俴ۣȴǬһµؽ硣
֮УһƬɽ֮ϣƮ졣ʯݡǴǰģڿήٴλԶԶȥ֦ʹ̴䰻ȻΪ˼ƽ˼ִ⡣
ǰǿ鲻µأǰƬռذɽꡣһħھŮȴв
ڳӵʰ֮£ūؽ硣˱ǰһħ飬϶ԷأԳھ֮У˭ҲΪߣڵʮ֮ڣΪ赲ͽԿ벽
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Ǭ죬б仯Լ飬Ǿ仯
ػعʵأȴľȻԭֻԪ֮壬ŲҼˣҪæڻָ˴ǰΪǰǸ龫ֵĻҲŻˡ֮ⷽ䣬еļ԰ֻŶɷ˵ū۳ң
֮󣬲ǧȴɡŮӴźι䣬һ˫˫˶顣ƬɽðʯݡвǸҲӰ⣬С
̫֮ޱϴɳأΪŶһ֮ݼˣоų֮ࡣνԵūĸѽ
£ŮӴӾ˴ݸ÷ӳѩ˫˫޶ˣ
ãһᣡ
ūһ䣬̧ƳԶǸӰʦǱĿ붨ӣȴƳɭȻ˴֮䣬аԶܸܵսǿ󣡶ԼΪӣ̫֮棬Ҳ°빦
岻ãڴɡȻƫƫķǡСһƲһתȡЦŶԵξûһλʦءΪͣΪūĳСŮҵԲģ˴˼ٲȻһԽá
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ššţⷨӲŶһɷµͷ
ūɫ䣬˵ūʦĹŵӣ˴ûͬŵԵ֣ǿϧѽ°̧覵ĽһĨǳǳЦݡ
һƫūСֵµϣòƴӣʵȻʦеһȣʦ洫Ŷ
ūԳΪȻԹ˵ʵһ壡ߣȻɣǰٱ䡣ʦǿߣЮбȥԶᲢۣɫȻﲻֵںĸн̻壬Ů˵òɻȱΪҪڼʦ֮£ūֻһ¶״СŮӡ۹б׵ʹЩ֣˵ϣūвҲ벻ߴͽ̡
ūеĸһ׷һȴֲĺȥʦһĸ飡
Сţ΢΢Ȼһ֣ѽ˵Цѣ֡
ūȻһЦɷǾ޶ˡ࣬ص˭˵ء
ӱǼһСѾͷʦӦʤѵ˵ԼȻȥḧգӰ̾ʦͽĬ޼䣬˴˵ǰ䡭
ū׵ʹ˫շɹһĨϼ졣
һƵһ£˸
꣬ūӣһ㷢ųɫ˵ƣ׳ⶣǰ˵õ֮ˣԡ峺תǰֵ׷ʦңӣ
ӼūȻҲαɵСһڣЦٺ٣˴ûǰҺýŶ
ڴʱūü˼
ûеʵū˺£
ڶʶū˵ȻվҴʾ˶ӣ⡣ҳһԱ㡭һƮȻԶȥ
£УһС˶ڼȻء
ûūȥǸΪܴ˿̵徲֧ĬĬԶǸеϤӰסư̾һһžµСû˿ĽΣû˽Ц⣬ǡǦȥΨȴ㯽μį޴ƾ裬ֻλӰ꽥Ũ
˴ãȴڳѽūΪ飬ֺαûȤء
һ̺̫֮İӿ粨ƣǡƲĳƮƮ죬ԶԶ˵Сӷߢ״ȴ˫ֿտҲ֮УȥĹ£ô𡭡
ȻǵãǸ֮ꡣһֽׯǷգҰءһѼ̵ʱ뼸µĺӣ˴໥Я߳ųСɽ塣˶ˣСֻгѰ·
һĳӣֻа꣬ǳлϥǰĻȴòֳŲѰ١һ·ʳݸƤò׵˰ĿǡͬС飬ǵ;УɥҰ֮ڣֻʣˡ֮⣬һŮӣл
곤˽㣬ӱԾӡ˹¿ڿ֡
һĻƻ޴ȥֻöٽֵɪɪδͣ꼱ӿ಻ԣ
һҿջʱʱгƵʱ֣һŽֵƮ
ǲˣ
ӰЦǼꤵʱſˮһԡ
ĪȥЩˮ
ӽ§ڻСο
¸ͣ˴Ҵҡ
ͻȻƿӣһʵĽֵ
㡭
Դ㵣漴Ȼס˷ܵػӶСȭͷ߳ջֽеһӡ䱾˻Ȼת˲ԶȥӯԽֵȥ񡭡
顪
̤һ󳵸ֹ֨Žˮеİӣ㱻ֱײ˳ȥССӰôӯȴ磬һȥ
㡭
ŵüһæɱȥˮУû˶һԵҰݣδţڴС֣أԽ߬Űӡ

һ޲δ˼е

ݳǸ뺷ӣ׺ݡǰ΢΢һסȥ·ģһݹ᾵СѾͷ²壬۹⣬ȴֳһηٲȻһƴļƣ
ֵԣ˿ֵˣ޲Թۡ
ϵӻޣֻǸʶôСѾͷĳ̽һ͹ǰһۣ漴˻ȥͷΪūһٱѣԺɱ򣬻Ǳү˵㡭
ү߼
Ӧһ
ˣԻǶţȫƾһʱʢԷ˹޴ӵֵȻĹˡҹɫãã겻ڣǰӵİɫɷǴĿԹ۵ȺңԶĮ
ߣͬھ
Ȼȥһӷ˰Ǹӣͽ͵ػӶеĲԷһͷɽеĶǣ·꣬㣬ˣ
Цſ֣δӣ׳ͻȻ顱һը֮ɲǣһ복ϵˣԻ촷ۡ
ͬʱ˴һѽڻУϧ˵Ժţ˭۸㡭


1098 
ɽɽ⡣
ﴨַףԭⲽɫǡū˿æǰ񣬿ڳȴֳŶԷһ˵ĶĴЩ⡣Գӵ˵ֵܵķӦþڴ˴ء
ū뿪ؽ磬˶ַ˶ţʾˣһʵ£
ֵĳ⣬Ǻáﴨһ仰û˵꣬ԾףæĪ֣ˡ鼱״
ūšһͤͤġ
ﴨ˶̾ˡ
ūΪ
ﴨεҡҡͷԼһͣȴһŮĵֻһ·ͻȻӦʧ룬ؽһʰҵʵ˵ǰ޼ҵ˵Ӵšֻ򲻼ɵӰӴӺǳ⡣ڷ룬ǰݱԺȡӴҶïֵܸͯ˹ȥ˫ҪΪʱϣ˱Ҷï˺˸顭
ūü΢齥
ҽڸ컻գĴ©޼ҵӣرΪ˶ȴɵȻ޼ҡһ޼ҵļӶŭؽֵܳ⣬в֪ʱб䣬ҺͷҲﴨһ٣ڴ飬ʵֵǰ»ָѰ
ū£ﴨ̾ο˵˷ȸɽӦ޴󰭣
ﴨһ̯˵Щɣֵܶٻǿ˭ͦΣڵС΢Զ࣬˵ĵʵʥˣŵڶʿȺϢɽȣԿ벽˵˷ǲǾ֮飬֮ؼʱ
ūƬ̣˵԰꣡Ѱ£ͬȥ԰գض
˱á˱áﴨӦʲô׷˵˲޼һңˡ
ūȻͣתѩ׳ȹƮƮɡ΢΢Ȼʵ˭

ɽǧ֮⣬һ߷֮ϣЩشķļԶվһŮӣòסֻкΪʮߡģȻǾŵһĵմӣ
ŮӵһԣǾŵĳϰﴨأĵط˵˽׼ҵλ޼ҵ֮λǰȣټҵʱֻҶïϲݣһ壬ɱ鰡˵ֵоɣӦò١
ΪѵصͷʾﴨԲ顣ͷȴڷͿŵıΪ𴦲ͬɱԼͷǣһλΪǰﴨͬΪϣȴһֵܣֶΪмӡ
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ﴨ׮£û˫֣Ц˵ܼҸУֻΪպޱɾ֮У׼һٳɣƽ˾λǰŲ޼ҳһΪˣұĥѣ²װ٣ؽһɨһֵһǬ
٩٩̸̧־価ҵӵķ緶
֮⣬㱾룿ʦ䲻˭֪Ȼūʣֵǰ޷Ҫ̽ʵл˸ʣֻͿˣ
⡭ɫһԼ˺ڵΪ˾ǰȻǸһޱɾ׺ݷǳᲢۡǰ˵СѾͷһȴһۿƾƵԼпԡµĵףü䣬˴ɽзȻ˵Ϳͣ˭߲á
һģӷɵɽ֮ϡ񳣬۹䣬ɫԶΪɲ⡣ŵأһֱһָ룬ЦЦؿū
̻壡ū񡭡
ǰ
ūӭһΪɿˡﴨҴ⣬Ź
ǸͻȻӣͷЩ졣ﴨǸūԼ˴޷Ҫݼеĳλ˵ȴʲôȥãȻһ棬Ҳ˵Ŀˡ
ƾԼȴǿ͸˵Ϊɣǽɣ
⣬ɽ֮УʮʵȴǿһССľţڶĸ֣
ž˫֣˵ԭѣ죬Ҹǰݻᡭ
ڡūʾ⣬ȴ԰ﴨӶֱӿ죬ɫһ߳һСĿ𳤣дһĮȻֵ˭Һ£Ц˵Ϸ˴˵Ϊǧꡭ仰δ䣬ܹâŤʮƾһݸߵӣ˵ƣͣ
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ﴨʼϲҳһ¡˵һˣΪɼĴڣλĪ˵ûܿΪȴܲ¸˾ŲʮһһӲЩ˵һ֮ҵǺð
·ͻȻһת˲֮䣬Ϊǿѽֵֿ֣ͷǸ˵ӣĪǽ֮ϵǰȴشӣ̬
ңɫ䣬󼹱ϵ亹ʱһӰŨҵɱϢʧ󺰣飬лҪ˵Էڰ֮Ȼһ٣ڡһǿķ֮Х衢Ƥۡ
̻֮УһڵϡǱлͷһء˵Ϊ޼ҵ֮ϡһλɾǰλΪǸӵԴ⡭
Ϊͽ޹˭Ͼһջ
һԴ֮󣬱û䡣䣬㾿Щʲô֪ڶʶ֮ʿޱ֮Ĵڣ߹
ӿȴϾ룬æһʵʵ˵λǰܼҸ֮УǰҪ档¹ؽԼɾĶ򣬲ò˼ɡ
˵Űվ֮⣬ɫĮȻƱˡһԸʱ̶Խء
ַףɫ׽
ūﴨǾŵĵʱȴΪֵˡ
һ仰ûӦͷǿ򶨣С˵±Ѱһ̸ǰܴţ˵кη£ʩһӲͷƤʵλǰǺɷ֪һ۹͵Ƴס̧Ĩϵ亹
Ǻǣ
ڽһһһЦ˵û˸һ֮ϣĪҪ˵šʼϷ΢΢һ٣ɫȻ
ͷȥǰһ㱣ֻ˵Ϸޱһ䡭


1099 ׸
ޱ֮ǡ
䣬֮ʿ
һԳޱ֮˿еĽԾӣʸ־׷档
˵һ¸ƣԺɨ߼򡣴⣬һշڶɡ˵޴֪λȻһ棬ȴԳ档ĳ˼Ȼ˽ڣٲȥ
ϿԵɽ֮ϣѻĬĬһɣбȥʹ˸ӵİ
ϿȵܣоŵλϸԶһǿΪĸ֣˿ֵĲ¡ƫԶƧĽ򣬺й˵쳡棿ԵĿãǳһؼʶ
Ͽ·ĵݴһɺԵСȦΪĿޱɾеϴɳر٣޳ΪסףˣȡĳɹԻأ
ڣǲԲҷȻܷؽ⣬ʹӵɽɫֻһһ̡
ٰݰ˵ɼʤ츣أ׼ұΡ
Ц˶ӰǱ˫˫Ҳ֪˭ӣһڵӣΪǣŵҪŴ˴ĵ̣׽ССĺ죬Ტۣߣ
һ˿мɫֻûɵбڹɵϡǸ֮˵Ĳ飬޷©˷ڵȺԼȴЮΪʡ߸ϵ׼ңΪ˾ŵĸӹ϶ٿš´Ҵң׺ɣ˰
һμʱĳ˵Щѵ𡭡
ͨһ죬üڵĵƤһε֧ӣͷҲ̧˵ӣͽһΨбĿ˼̧֡һƮ۹һƳ
֮һӣһĵۣﱧ̳ӣϴҵЦݣջ˵ٲһ̧żߡ˵ţͷʾ¡һĹǿգֻһ۳ҡ
ͷȥƤһ
ȻǸֹЦٺ٣һ츳ͨ˵ãյĹ׷㡣ǼһѪԣרһЩݲеĹ
ɫһڣ߳ӣ˭˵ҪѣûꡭһĿľ̳˹̧ץסװľ̳ӺǴֲڣˮζ
ȴǱƤɫ˵㿴ˣǸеˣŲ˵Цˣ롭˫־ž̳ӣ׳Ϊˬģ
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һ̳оƣʹسһ£ʵΣɵ۴еüĿļƣٲȻһڰѾ𻰡
ȫ£óֻҡͷӻԼĿ׻ǲΪǸ˵ǵУԼһϣĳ˺踺أ
Ѱ˵һû˴³ιϰΪԷɣΪȻ˵׼ҲһĴţȴⲽء˲ʤѽ
ǳΪ˴֮ɡĲǳԵĵڳĴڻȤ찵һתһԣĲɵش·ɽȡ
˵޼ɾڵߣ֮Ѱɵ۴е䡣׼˵ֻŶԷΪΪ˲ʹС˵־Ϊһӡƽ˾ˣޱ֮ҷ¡
תͷؿųӡԷ⣬޼ڵڶɾɵ۴вʧֻ˴粻ǲǰ鿴ȴ׼һ֪飬ٵĽ֮С
㡭Ŀ㵣ʧⷬԳԼ֮ڣҲϤʱȵʵ飬ֻ˵ūﴨڳԶ⣬֪
ӵϺֳһ˿ɫذڰ֣Цٺ٣һ˵һɫѿδʵҿɾһӣһӡ޼Ҿ˭أٿɷָһ
û򶨣ɫǺ졣ھŵɽ֮ϣԼʵ⡣λ޶ԣȻԼȥ񷽲ףֶԷ̫أֻԼĻﻰ̫
׼ҵⲻɰ
Ͳסᡱһ½̳һԣŭ²ɺ֮£⴫ū̫ʡǽʷǱ֮ͷϻ
ҲǣԶ˹ֻ뽫ɾתһûţǿڡԼ˽ȴһù
ΪţһӶ֪˲֪һУǲ
Щ⣬Ц졣Է߳ŭٺһ֣˵ūרŽ£һα㲢Ǽթ֮ͽ
㡭͵ر˫ۣؿ˵мƽҲͰˣǸһĵӾһԼд
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Ӻ޹رԹһԲԲĶңԵֵҺôҲǾŵĳϣĿĺ֣ǡ
ߣ飬ſڴϵ֮Ī⣬ޱһǫһӺεºܣкֵҫ֮
ӵЦݱ˵˺ȤҲԸ̬ੲݡ
첻ʾŭĿ򣬻صǸӣء
ɫһһɣ͵ڵ˵ˣһ䣬ޱ֮׸硭ȻֵһظһƵأߡһӣתҡڶȥ
֮⣬һ䶴Ƿ˶ӰУת˲Ե仰ΪĿسɽˮС
һŻعԴĪ׸磿һ㻹ôһλ׸磬ʵ۶ʲѡ

һȥˣ
֮УһıӾ
ܳȻͣͣûµתңԶԼǹǿһһǡһ˫˫ʼįۡ
ȥˣ
һͷɫһĨΡ
һ˾޵ʱÿÿֲ峽⼸ΡյߵǷۡǲȻ¶Ľң
˴ľͷؼ٣δ֪
һ۹һֱе֮ϣ˼ʧȥķǻˣдһָΣ
ɱԸ֪ħڱչ֮С߽δԭֻüȴȥΨһԸΪǿĶ֡صޣؽ꼰ڶࡣһʱ٣ɾɵ۵ĴУҪʵһ⡣Ҫһı󣬾жٲΪ֪أ
ڴ֮ǰúһҪ磬ٲãȻҪ֪жߣж


1100 ʲô
һмƽϣȥ֮ǰƲסͷĺ棬׿
һƬããҹɫްҹĪ⣬ȴһεǽڣʹԽ벽ʹ̤ƼѶȥֽ
һͷ΢΢һ䡣ǰ龰񲢲İԼؽ磬Ǭ⿴ƺޱߵ˭У
ǰֻܹȥ鳤ңǻͻĻ̿η塣ǺһСʿʦͽ˵ִ·֮ߵ˽գȴȴԸϲΨƿصбǿң˵Ը˵ĲŪ˵İڲȻƮʣȻУֻΪ޾Цڣ
һգҪȥǾ֮⣬޼
Уֻǰһҹڳ
һ̣ƻ罵٣һȴֱ
һͷһһֱеھ֮ʱʼղĦھĪ֮Уá
ĬȻƬ̣һоһתǰƮȻ̤ȥֱǧ֮⣬ͣĬȻ˼µӰ밵֮Сҷ޷й
ʱ֮һͻȻּ̧һķķķ˲ֻһ󺮷ХȥƬ̣ɱǧ
һԳɣָֽһ㡣
ǿķкȥػȻһ䡣ڡסࡢɫŨƾշڣźķ
޼᲻ߣ׻ƲɵȸĲп飬ĿԱŰǿۻ֮һֻϵɱֻ
֮ɲǣǳ٣ϻ硣ǧ֮ڣʱһƬš
һвת˲֮䣬һ
ȻŨأɱȥر̶̻Գ֡ס˸սɫ΢䣬һڴüȴֳһĨϲ⡣
˾Ī˵һʽͨɣԴ֮ƿھơ
֮⣬׻ھ׻ӦޣӢӢʣХɽ֣ҡил֮Ҳ
ȸھϷȸ֮Ѩ죬ɫǰڶΪ죬Ϊء
ھ䣬̫Σʣ̨Σξŵأͳ飬ҡ֮ȣҩᣬ
еĿھáĶοھΪһӴĦټϴǰһɴܱ仯ٴһʽͨν֮⣬ȴˮɣ
ֻһʽͨҲƲ覴áʩ룬ȥɵΪˣֵȻҪԶԶǿڡ߽ԴУνһУֵȥ򡭡
֮һʰԶ
;еջ񣬲һݵáһͶʱֵСƣеο塣;еļѣֻĿҪһһηľ
ȻˣأֻۣҪǰ·ϡ
һֶһöǵԶͼʮ򡣶ʮѲȱȫʧںη
ʶͼ֮һҡͷ
ԼԹȣԭͲǿһ磬ΪƫƧ֮ǰһʩչؾֻѭǳϡٴһ·񱼣Ϊײľͷ̫֮ܵԶˡͼ֮УŪԼڵķλǿʶãв;ĩ·ľ
һĬһͼ򣬽ʩչʶķԼԼ֮УԱĴڡֻǱ˴ңԶȴƾѰĶݷûʮϰ߲꣬طؾֲ׶ãѰٶȥ
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һƬ̣ѡһٿȻȥµӰҷһĺ⣬ǣĬĬաǷһ羰Ψмį㡣

ʮչȥճȻһкƾֹһ㣬ǰȴһէ֡ԶԶȥɫͷףɷǾޣ
һȥƲͣȴ档
Զ貵Ʋİҹɫһ֦ŭŵ𣬴δ㡣
ö룬Ƿǧһֵޱɾ
Ȼǵãޱɾһŷɳ۲ϢƣѭŹеĹ켣ÿǧһܡʼšظţ޾ͷ
˵ǾһԻ͵룬̮ȴâ
һ̧ݷȻӿ졣
Ȼڴ˴ʧѾõޱɾǻԵɡȻˣ˳һɵΣ
һ磬ֱ̻ת˲֮⻪ʾƲ٣Ĳʯӭû˵ľȣֻɱȥ
һ֮ƯŵޱǰǸߴ̨󲻷ȴӰ֮УԼּȡ֮ϣһ˸
һȥƷƮȻ¡˫أٲǰû˶ֵ赲ܼ׽٣йһ̨̤תɫипѣ
֪Ǵ飬һͻȻȭһԵİʯ˵δ壬ǡϴɳشǿڡһȭѰ̺ȴͬСɡ
飡
һ֮У޴ʯƷȻζһ£ת˲־ǰʯȴһȭӡ磬нƵĹâ΢΢Ϊˡ
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һȭͷţΪȻغһתֳһҪ̨һйˣ
˭̲˵ʱ򡣶֮ȴ޴˵Ψн⡢ٷǲ˿ĳⱲעֻһˣɵҲѲһ֡
һ˫֣ɫԳ̧꣬ͷ漴εض
̨һ⽥аɷԲȻɫ˸ֹ֮ơδٽ֮Ȼɽѹ⣡
һû˺󣬸ûм壬ƾɫԡϢ֮䣬һȻһ塣δɣϣһͷתĹâ֮С
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һֹסΣɫȻ
һڣβ
յ֮һɫâҫ۶Ŀ˴˼໥תϢף쭣أ˲
һշ󣬷֮£ٲȻǳ֮ˣý췣ˣڻ֮д
һ겻ѣһĨ档
ֻɫâ֮УȭͷСİɫʯ״Բ飬г󣬸׹ĪҹǷԶԶһۣܸܵŰֱз׹ǡٶʹʴӣ
ǾǸʲô


1101 ʾ
Բ֮У̺ϵ׽֮ƴʱή췣֮㲻ǳɵ֣֮ҲѵһԶ
ҳ֮Ϊ飡
ʲôô޴ӵ֪ľ׽پڴˣڶʿ˵׶˶ȫ洦տƶߣ˻Ե£һԣ
һԻ˻ӽ̤ɫâ֮С鲻ʮԶȻץȥ
һ׹Ӧ
еļѣǼΪɡһŽһٿȻ󷨷ɵС˲䣬ɫͻ䡣ǿ֮бкѭֱۡӿ֫ٺֻ˺촷ۡͬʱ¡¡ը죬ǡε׽֮Ȼ滹ǻڴһ̣
һͷһ˫üб
ǰ̨ǰй˷Ȼ䣬õоղǣ
һΣͷæҡĻ꣬
ɲǣȶȻһᡣ׽֮ӿڣֱеһɷ׻ȥ֮䣬ڡɷ׻ֻ΢΢һ£״
׽٣ɷ׻һͬԴ
һ룬ǰҫ۵ĹâȻһ¡΢΢Ȼתͫȥһɫâ¡¡ȥֻ°סڡࡢɫâתϢɫȱһд档емܵĽ֮쳣
һʱΣݣһ˿꣬ͷȻ˿˿Ƶ绡ǿ׽֮֫ٺֱյĹһвŽͣеһɷ׻ȴɴ˶˼ָΪɲ˰Σʱ̷£ʹȨ֮
˵Լ֮
һɫꡣʧȥ˹⻪ָ˾ʯıĿ֮һ˲仯м
ɵΣдջν֮ϲһе֣β編ƣ
һȥԵľʯмоơµĿ飬ٴȥ

ʱ֮󣬵һâʧ˲䣬׽ٷȻ֮ɲǣʧһδعѱ֮͵˳ȥΪ⣬ת̨İʯ֮ϡ
Ǻǡ
һأǺһЦ̧ͷȥһȻټ̨һƬʵҹɫ֮СԶٷʹʧûľ׽ٵ赲ʿɵ·һЩֽȴû֪
ɴ֮䣬޴ӷֽ⡣˵·ĳ˵ΪԶԶûݺһ뵱ɵ۱֮
Ϊ˾һ⣬ҲռԵֵıˡ
һֱ̧ۣȭ˿Լ׻𻡹֮ǡ統׷ʱΡǰ󾳽죬ǿͬѲͬն
ɷףΣ
һһ˳һ㡣һʮɵƻȻ֮ϡգ֮䣬ɸ߿ȻһĿĹâڴһ˲һˮ״ϸ׻ȻϵơŰɱԼļ֮µķǡƳͱ˲񷣬ֵߵֻҪⷽػ׳
䡭
һľʮȻըʱضɽҡǿ಻ضã
̨ϣһɫ΢㵣סһ̾ѣ
ǻԼɷ𣿲ǷһĽ٣˵µʿ͵ֵסһףֻ֮˲ᱻɷۣ
ǽе׽֮ɣľ޶ְ׹󣬻ҷ𣡼֣֮췣ˣֻǡ
һεƲƲ죬϶һģһĶ֮ǰȡ֮еɷ׻𽥽ӯħڵɷ׻Ҫǿ֡ΪˣԽ֮ȡµ飬Ƕ뷨
飬԰һơеԭδǼȥԷ޴֮Ըľʿڻ£ö쾳ĸ˳Եͷ
̺ɱ飬񡭡߽ʱõףǵûһʲôˡ
ǸյһͬһˣкֵĽСģûиı˾ٲʱ⣬һԴǸ׷޴ӵ֮ˣֶʤֺ֮ηƫأ
һ˻顣ٴһѭϤ;תޱ

ϴɳء
ʮﳤһϴɳУ뵣ƹ⵴һ統ʱģ
һڰԼӸֱ¡ת˲֮䣬Ӱû뵽֮С价ܣȻ
뵱Լֽţңϴɳѱٻе̫֮ǱԼ˵ȡ˴룬һΪһݼˡΪ˴ǰȴӯãȥһ
һɢʶлͫ˸꣬˳еһʯǰ̻ǵãַһڴ˴俪һڣΧ۲ȥֻΪ缢ƿʵصȴԵ£ʯӵķ϶֮УŨ̫֮Ȫ㼯ķ
̫֮֮䣬ûһľΪɻȡϴɳصµ̫֮ȴȡ֮֮ߣܲ棡
һ͸϶̽Ѱһʱѱߣֽ̧һ̣߳ٿȻȥ顱һ죬ϸ߰ķ϶δĹۡ
ϴɳزƣȽʯ֮ᣡ
һһգֳֽһԾڰգֱһ͵һһʮɵĽɫâֶһɫ磬ֱʯӷ϶Хȥ
䡭һ죬ʮСϴɳ֮΢΢֮Уһ¡ǵɫâȻһ䣬ֻСĽ
ʯӷ϶ȻʣȴǶһֱ۴ϸĶڣǳΪŨ̫֮ӿɷ졣
һɫһϳĹâ
ǵµǧһɴСľʯɼо뵡
Ƭ̣һͫĽٿһֻһֱ붴ڶȥתʯӵԱߣö°ڣ͵ϥĿ
ȥʱ֮ãʯӵĶͻȻɳһŹâȻըϸСĽӰһǽģ³һٿһû¡
һȴʱͬʱ׹֮ٿȻȻ˫ۣѶһ龧ʯСһϸӨӨӯ
ϣϴɳصĵ£ȻΣ
һʯָĦδһ
һ쳣Ũˮ̫֮Ӿʯлӿ
ɵˣ֮⣬ɽʯɾΪݵػȡԪ֮Ҫȡ̫֮ΨɵϢһ;ԭΪˣҲ˭顣Ͻշ֪֮䣬Ȼ̺̫֮ľʯ
һ΢΢ȻɫһĨϲ
ǵڻԵɺϣҪһǧ̤ɾ磬ڳ˵ΡɼΪ֮ףÿдΪѡһղ̤붴쾳磬ǿ
д˾ʯ֣ؽ°빦
һ֮ʣһ龧ʯɳڡ˫ִָһԳɣ漴Ĭ
˷ɾ֮Уʱ⡣
һûɾбչҲ⽫ϴɳؾΪСҪȥ̽ѰΪķһֻһ񣬲ȷʯк֮һ


1102 ֮
һ붨ˮν£
һδ붨ȴڲ֪֮кʱһɾʯžĿ⣻һʹڵµѰھͣ
һĶã
ʼһտԾȡʮ龧ʯһգճɡ
˳ɾڵΪȴϪˮӯƵ̣Ȼ֮
һ죬ֻչ֮УŨ̫֮Ϣ⡣ǰһҫ۵ľʯ֮ࣿ
ֻ̫֮Ͼȡȡľʯһٶꡢʮ꣬ȻɴСʯӸˡһѾʯ֮࣬ӯӯĿѣԡ
һסզ࣬æͷԡɾڣǰ󲻹ȥʮ龧ʯ
˾ȡ޶ȣǷ̫̰
һ̧һӣʯеľʯ˲䲻Ǹֱ۴ϸĶ֮ϣʶ֮еĵɴСľʯֻʣһС롣еľʯѲǰĳɡ
ϾϴɳصĸǾʹ˶Ͼʿɵ;
һҡҡͷЦԼΪŴȴ֮Ȼˣܲܽľʯٻȥƣ벻ȡ̣ʱУꡣֹ֪ԲĹͬȡ
ãʯдĳɡ
һҿοһ˽̧һʯһ¶ס˶ڡɣʼͷתεض𡣱ڼԶһɲǣֽסһ˿ɻͷ
ɾڣɾڣȥ˳⼸Ρ

ɺƿգǻꡣ
һ̤ǵأػ컵
һƬƮİƣȡһƵ磬ĬĬ档һ̣裬һ̣С
һ̣Ӱ٣δѣ
ǵصǷɻ֮УһһĬĬ˰Ρ
һʱ֮䣬ľ崣˼ǨһзǻŶȥĩˣֻһ̾Ϣ
þ֮һκתһͷ·աһ󲨹Ӱʧ١ոһյһš
һûֱӴǵأѭŵ·һ顣׷䣬ƸУԱ⡣˳⿪ɻ󣬻ǳԱ⡣ǴϻԵޱԼޱʧ֮գ
İ֮ϣޱڿ֮󣬾Զշ󡣽һߴӰƾս١
һλӣüĿϡɱ棬³ƮȻ̬ɣ
ʶȴּΪİǺɾ߶Իˣĵ֮ɣɵֻۣɵһ˿δɢӡǣڼػ߲룬һԶŵĴ桭
⣬ǸߴӰԼʾ⣬ɾͼĪԣޱؾ洫УȻָν⣿Ѱޱһ̽δ֪
֮Уһδֳɣȫݶȥ
֮ǰһƬ﷽ԲǺǾ޴ȻתϢһʮСĹâΪĿµһʯΪأ
һֱǺӽŹâ˲䣬ٿȻһ١
һƬǺ΢ɾڡǿʯƱĪǷˡ꣬ɴ˽ֱɾʱǧ֮⣬һʯп
һǶһʯ⣬΢̣ԳҡϳâʯɾŸߣ޷죬ȻӲǰԼΪáޱ俪֮󣬱ʧȻĲڴ˴
ܵǹתݣѤöʣĿѣǺĵ룬ȻͬһءʯƲΪĬĬ˷ϵƺȻۻ룡
һʯƬ̣һʱǰȥԶٴͣ
ޱܵİ֮⣬ֳʯʵ˸ңңԣʶ֮һࡣ
ǴСơ״µİʯޱ̺ķûɵİ˵ӰԶԶȥǡޱУڵΡԵϷзĹâԷֱ졢桢񡢺¡졢ǬԪԪ
״һɫһ
Զľշгɣ
ϤɵӺĴΪ󷨿ãзǬԪԪ٣ʦƵδٻȴķһɾΨɾ䲻
һ·ɾһǾ֮ʦ֮ͨɴ˿ɼһߣ
ޱǰв֪ܷз֣
һһӰϸϸ
Զ֮⣬ǾɶߣһɶϸӰͬ޷졣״ȴģʶ״кá
һӰһƹҪǰȴԳɣгâ˸ͫһƬѵĽƣɵķԲʵʵоγɭȻĪٲȻɼҵϽȴ
Ī֮أС޴
һ˼ΧžתȦӡĻͫȴ磬ʱĹѽɵĽƲ鿴ǧ顣
нר޹޼ҵġ޽ϲ̹ʽɼֶΣһԽƷĵá⣬СͫÿÿƣٲȻһλеĸ֡
֮ȴƻȻɣǿ˿ķ϶
ת֮䣬һʱȥһǬԪԪӰ֮վ꣬ƮԭȴһһһģһļĻ
ĻԵʱĳ֣֮ķ棬ȽɳڵĴڡħ֮󣬴˷ʹãȴݴ£Էݡ
һʮɣӸ߸
ڵɷԲ֮ڣһ׳ڡϷʮ֮⣬ȴ
һǲҴ⣬ĬĬŽµľ֮
ͬʱ֮ķ̧ǰһ̤뵽˽֮С
һϢֻʱӦ䡣Ĺɵõɴ˫ۡɣ𣬾һеޱܼĽɭɣȴȫ޶
ǻ󣿶Ǿ֮Ļ󣬾ȻԼķҪʵƭ˻ͫ
״һ΢΢㵣漴˻ͫʶ֮еĽȻڡ˼漴ֻȻҡͷǻͫǻͫô˵ط
޷ֺĻ
ǰ˴ΪѰޱڡΪȻУͬС˷֮⣬ƬǺһصĵӰ֮󡭡
⵹Ӱзľӳģǰ龰Ժη˲²⣬˵һеʵãޱ
һ򣬲±һ·ķȻʧ޳ɣֱǾеޱȥ


1103 
һأܵĽƿȻˡ϶ޱǰȴ衣
֮䣬ֻзͨ龰νۣӰǳ߲ξ
Σ֮ɣһҲҪԶԶʤ޼ҵġ޽ƾʩչͨǶӭУؽ绢ĺô
һһʱͷ֮ջ񣬿Ƕ֮һƲͷתĸߴʯ
֮ޱѱ澿һȻءڣȻŲΪ֪ʱȴһعصʯɢĪǿƣ˲
һƬ̣һá°ͣɫɻ꣬ٴǰȥδʯ֮ڣһεӭȥ裬ͷȻס
ǰӰƻãԿȻһء֮ƻȻȻ
һ΢΢üʯ̧üģâһֳһɫӰڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣٿȻһ˫ȭֱ˽ߵĸߴʯ
ͬԴһͬ塣ħѷֿȴǰߵΪƩߵǿԼеɷ׻ȵȡɾԺ󣬱˴˼øΪ硣ʩչķţֻΪӽޱ

һ֮У˺գСʯ֮䣬һ˫ȭȻ֮ϡǸߴʯкζһΪǿͻȻѭ˫Ϯɶ
顪
һֵסһʮɡͷһݣ˫һǰʱһյķ϶ʱȥϮķһסΣȻһĨΡ
ȡɣֺηǿһأޱӲԡ
һԿ޼ƣͷһȻޱϮǿķ̴֣֮ѭ˫۾ڡ˲䣬һ˿ֱʶ
ͻʹ⧲
һҪӦ䣬Ȼһһ˿ȻʧʶһϸСȴ鶯쳣âɲǣзĴƮ࣬ɾ䡭
࣬Ҳӣǿ΢Ϊ̲ġʦɽý¾ڣһ
ʦۿߵܣγأʱ𡭡
ʦɣЯʥ󣬱ģɾ졭
ϳѶ֮䣬˻Ҳڼˡķӡںˡ
󣬼²ԸУѰǬԪԼ
һַƪһʱԭȻѡԵɺ֮£ޱǣ⿪аصء
Ǿɵµԣвѵ֪ǰ֣Լһ·̡俪֮ʱȱʧǬԪԪʾеġ񾭡˺ġѰǬԪ˵µľĲǬԪڣֻ̫ڰԵˣ
в֪²кڣҪнһ׮ޣĪ˵ĳȫ޾ȻǱ˴˲죬Ҳûɱκһλɻʰҵȵ˵
жߣ÷ӡߣö̫ء
һʶУַ಻ϡһһɻ߶Ҷռˣв֪ǸǻӡǺ֮ͨ⣬̫Ǹʲô
һԪʼδ֣̫س̫ߣ̫ʼΣζʣδ塭ܻͨǬǳ֮ܡԻ̫ؾҲнм̣ͳСԵԳɡ
һĹ߰һƪľģʶ֮Сһȴʧǵģɫһò⡶̫ؾָ²Уǿȴһʱ˲
̫̫ס̫̫ʼ̫̫̫ؾȶ֮ʣḁ֮̇̄ʱ֡ɴ˿ٵأǳڷƸ֮䡣вͨȴ仯Դ롶ԴһޣȴԶԴһ֫׳̫꣬ؾϵɡ
⣬һвǾʹԲԣԵԳɡǲȻõֻһƪİˣԼûԵ֣㲻ǵõԵʦɻʵĵͳУ
Ǿ仰󣬼²ԸΡ
߻Ǿģǲֱӷɵʶ֮У޴ӾܾϡͿ֮£뵽ԶŵǷǶԹ֮УʵЩʼϲ
Ⱥõġ澭̫ؾԼߣɵܲɷ֡Ѹϵ޷ˡȻˣԺָΣ
һ̧ۿǸ¶һĨЦõˡ̫ؾϲ񡣴ʱ˿̣ȴܲδ֪ĪһУ˾ηĪĵ˻̿֡Ȼõ̫Զܲ˼رӱܣɵƣıˡҲ˻ͬԼߵ˽һ俴ǻԵ£˵ִˡ
շ档ֻҪܼ֮£һԶźкηأ
һĬĬ˼Σ쳤һΨнףͷ̹ȻڶԲӵԪһ·һˣ
ԵԳɣ
һŰգһһ̧üģЩȲʱܿơ̫ؾ֮ԴͨʩչֶΣһ׵ľ
󣬾ģǾģδʶбһ˿һ
֮Ȼνĵͳаǰû˭޶ԡ̫ؾǷνԵҲһ㣡
һҡҡͷֻաէէϲлعɵһ˼ҡ
˿ѰõԶɵ۴УȻĳ֮֡й¶ȥ򣬻ԶźģƱһѪȷ磡һֱԼʼնڳͷ֮Уֺ뿪벽޼Լɱ¶Щδ֪Ķ֡
з磬ЩˣٴЩνգĪ⣬һ˭Ū֮ˣ
һ΢̣ɫ͡۹ٴοǰɣ漴طޱʵܰɽţʱʱ̼̿ᴧĦ࣡
ڰգһ˫ֻӶ
һɳ˲ޱ˴Ȼɣк쳣
״һ̽һץҪޱǬ䡭
䣡
ɲǣһƾէһδ£ޱͻȻһĿĹâͬʱղѷػһ㡭
ޱ࣬죡б䣬ֻޱɾڣһȻһæ֡ȻȴΪʱһǿƺȻ޴ӵֵֻǰ⻪ת漴˳ȥ


1104 
âһ췭ظ
һӦӲϾǾһ䡣ްڰæ֮пվΣ̧Ĺˣһ
һƽȥԶһòٵıӰҴҶĬĬ
ԼȻ׳ޱɾ
ޱ֮档䷴֮ǲСǼʱֻ֣ºҪ˻ޱɾĳԸ
ʱֵ˺δ
ǻĲˣǻĺ޾Ļȼգҫ۶ĿĹâب񷣬֮ޡ֮㣬εΪ׳ۣ
ַһ¯ҽ㵹ϣšţֻΪǳ

л֮ɲǣһƻͻȻǿգѸʮ籩ֱһ޿赲ƺƺƵξĳϢ־塭
һͷһŤͷߡһ̤ȥǧԶǿĪȻͱˣסܻסβԴżСģŵתȥ
֮ڣƳһƬҰףĳ潥ɢ籩ȻںХֹһҵıķ
״һ겻ѡ
Ǿ޴ĻΪĤգֳƾ̫֮䲻ĴСΪ渲ǣκһλڿʿƾɾΪпԱݡɾ֮£ֻӦŵһ١
һߣһߡһн԰ޱɾͰ
ҪѰشǰ;ٷһ
һͼƬ̣Ҫȥ֣Zͨ
仰нƣգ̫֮֮ɫƣкƷȵͬԶZڣд򿪾žǧѵһ䣬ǻԵ£ͨÿ
һ̧ͷ׿ʶͫãֻƾĿסɫһ˫΢΢ʹתʶٴζȥʱȥкη֡νľ;дѰ١ٴʱûǸǰȥðա
Ǿ޴Ļأȼգ˸ŽɫĹâʱƿգƺƴת˲ֻޡ֮쭣ϸ΢ĳɨ
һδβпĻһвδʹսᡣǷ籩һϸСĳǾһ΢Сıڣзͬ벻ŭꡣΨͺϣļֻأãȷ
һգһŻȻʣȴδ壬һ硶̫ؾơ

ѽûȤҳȥ߶һΣ
ūӾ˫ۡ
ڲԶ֮ϣһµĳܵĴӳȤȴ֦䣬أԻӶһ֦ʮһֵƤѾͷ
볾ӱ͡Ϊūв硣һվãִƾţоֹ֮䣬ȻȻضֳĴȣ
ūһϵĳӣ˵ū粻㡣㲻Ա㡭Ӷ³䣬ɫȻ
ССǺΪڶ̶̵ʮڵԲֺǫءƮȻ£ϵ˵ųеܾ糬Ȼһû˵꣬תֽסЦջʱɽǡ괺գɫŶ
ūһ򣬾صūԣʦǽԲλء߽ԣȴǳŰ֮ǼһΪȻ˵һһˣ½С뵱꣬ľΪԶԶʱҡ
ؽ硣еɽꡣŮҵİ֮⣬һȻ붨ĻӰ
ʦԵʣūݸһЦԳӵĻΪ裬ɡʦǹˣһˡһеˣֵ壬滳£ȴȪů˶ʧȤüš
ӽҫʱһСŵĵӣұƵúһǱٺ١£һ⣬۹ǸȻӰסһ£޵ֵȻɾǰδ֪㣬ԿѲҪ쾳磬Ϊɵ𡭡
ūҪӦȴɫһڽ֮⣬ʶķ紵ݶ֮С
ףū˺¡
аʧ㡭
ͬȥ

Ůݺݺɽϵһ˻Ȼ˵ħ֮ٴ붨֮󣬱ѽеķֻΪ磬ȫħӡ
һתʮȥһħΪٽһ̤ɾڵСɡ˽סһҪŨ̫֮ħĲִš
ħʵЩĪ
꣬һⴳԶħڣĻþ֮УϡͿһħ޵Ϊħٹм尾ʮأһη׻ͭǣħӡ֮ա¡ӡʹ׷ƵԶħͳУȻҪڳˡ
ƾħ죬Ҫڶ̶̵һǧִɵ۷壬̸ףԵ֮£벻޶֣͵ϮľˣǿԵʡʱգ
Ůһǰһ뿪ɽꡢ˽磬һħȻɡ˿ľܰĳţڵʶ֮ȴδйһ̵ͣһһĴĦһһεĲٽǧƵӡܡ仯
㣬ʮĿ๦ټ֮ǰãħӡ֮׻ӡ˳βƣΣһ֪ҲϾȥԡȴţӡһҽȫ޶֣
뵱˵ΪʩչӡһȻǿ񣬽߼Լӵˣֵһᡣһ־ڴˣЩδ֪ǿУƩ磬ʥŮ֮
⣬Ǹʥ֮һапԣӡһԺɨ򣡹ʶвһ˿һиֻħӡľߣǿ־࣡
ӡһʮ־˰׻ӡһǧһٶʮ˵־ӡ־ǧʮΪʶ㹻ǿ󣬸Գ˺Ʒܡ𷵻֮ǰȫԸ

ūԸʦľޣȻ뿪硣˶⣬һԵͷⲽδĳ˳ЦʵﴨӦҵۺʱܶѽ
ﴨֹ̧ͷǵɫһ˿죬ֵʦͽһȴȫͷһת漴εҡҡͷ˳ӣѷǱ˳ӡӶװͿֺαƽ̫࣡
ﴨ룬ųӾַܵʳԡδ˵꣬æתū˵ˡ
ūü΢ɫѯʡ
ﴨһ˵ԼСǡ֮ϣҾݵӵĶĿƽڶֱҺֻǡ˺룬ֹ벻Ա
ū˵л޷
ﴨæͷֵ޼ҵĵӱɱ¹ʮ꣬ѱ©ֻҪˣӦԡ
ū΢΢һ˼
ﴨ²˳٣뼰Ѱǰ顭
ūһ˵Ժһָƣֺ
һԵĳͻȻɵȻ뿪ڵɽȣб䡭


1105 
һ뼸֦٣һ䲻ĶԼǰʯÿҪԵķ羰֮⣬żһ磬ƬƣΪ˼ƽȻ
ⲽ˶ͷ΢΢һ١յľ֮󣬻᲻̧Ĩ˰ѵף۹ǰʯԱ£һ°ڣһĬĬֹʧյѣȴڲȥɫеһ˿Ρ
ֱգһҲûǰͿֻͣô;硣
;ӣȦ
һʮشҴҶһ޳ɣ˺ûκΣ
ˣÿվһɽҲ
ɣƵСǸӣ
֮ĶǰһֵӰŤͷȥ˲䣬ֻعͷϼЦݣȵкӣ࣬ԵࣿСƬ̡
ӵ̳ӣԶ㿪ЦҲӯý࣬ɲˣٺ۹⡭ɣҫŤֻǰʱԵ÷˶ĺԼ׳ı۰򣬸ֱ뺷ơ
Կĳ˵ٻǺǣԾŵ㣬ǺһЦתеˡΰɷҲȴǶŶеľ̳ӡ
üɫص˽ǰһƨһԵʯϣ̧׳һ̳ӣЦΪдˡ
ӹ̳ӣȲĿ⣬ͷݺݹ¡һ¶ǣسתͷסԸп滰
˵ȴҲһǴÿﶼǰ˵Ц䣬̳Ա⡣㣬ƽҲЩȤ
ΰΪкθϵ
ھ¶ǣ¡ǰĳӲǺԲΪкθĹۡ׳һ־磬죿
˫ֱž̳ӣЦѽֵĹԲν͹ǣȷ֮ᣬֹΰ
Щܲ˳ӵĴ꣬赭д˵һķɷֿ֮ɵãδطҪֵܵͷʾֺǺһ֣˵Ȼһȣ˭ء
һ˾ƣ۹һƳַ¾̳ӣɫ˵ĹԶŴУź׸磬˵˶ٻأΪɶͲء
ԶŴĸڶУƤһЦֻͣҲһֳв֪ǹкγ֮
ޱɾ֮УΨһõĺôࡣʲôԶŹڵĵӣ֮С
һҡҡͷ˵ΪԶŹʾˣҲա˼̵ֽĿʵƵζΡ
ǰ㣬ɫڴԷͻأʹЩ⣬ڴпɡ
ʣÿƼ̳
첻⣬룬ÿ²ʮ̳ơ
ž
һģķʱ춶£˵Ȩÿʮ̳һһٶʮ̳ʮһǧ̳ʮ𡭡һ٣ʱѳЦݣֵһ
찵вʵԺ⣿
ٺ٣Цһ̰Ĺâʶ̵ָͷʾһ̳һɾɴʮǷµľʣʯʮ򡭡
Ȼɫʧֵ֮𻰣ȤҲ˶п롭
ӵɫЦƺΪӵ𣬱˴˱ûֵܵԵ֣˵ˣһ׸磬˽ʡ֣ͺֵټҴҵʮλʯǾţһëллݡ
Ƥһ˼ҵơӿ޺ȴխرҲǺһѵ𣿻ò˵滰ˣҪֻ֪һˡ
д
Ҳ޿̣Ȼ߳׼ȻǼҴҵ಻ݶթȻƿӺ˭ڲɣʲôֻѰվƣʵǧɾвڻ¡
Ų޹ҡԴ˵Ϣŭ˴˲죬ֺαҪӺ㡭ԷҪӶ̧һָ˵ҺʿҪٽءһɾһ١ڴ˴ƣռ˱ˣԴֻۣ׼Ҷⲻ𡭡
ѭųӵָתȥɫһǧ֮⣬ʿͳһپʯתһȦ֮󣬲ŲȥǸͯҵϴһԴ粽ضţʮһڵĺĻƣ
ٰ׳԰ռ㣬Ҫ˺ĹأǿɲɣȻֱ棬ǮȴٲáȻ߱£ҳӶˣǲԼΪУĪСʧ󣬻˼С
תɫЩ࣬ȴһ仰˵
һȦףһʮȦףһɶֲµȦס
ӣ޳ܡթ̰ȵȲһȴװģʱѲ
أգ˫ۣһϿҵѵ١٣㵹ӦĪҪװơ
ˣ
ڶԳӵੲ޿̡͵һ֣ЦһҪ˵漴۷ڡ˲䣬ǰǸֶնյӰȻŵô⣬
ͬʱҶïͯҵֵܳϿȵİ֮Уһɫơ궯ɱѸķ
ԭأһӿͷΪĵΪֹһεذܸһǲˣԷ츳Ŀãڼ飬ȻһƲ۵ӣҺ޻֮
ŭЩѵؾſɬ˵֮ʹաɷն֡û˭ЯʮɾһֱµڳǷծζΣܱҲΡ
˱ãŵù״١
ЦĳӣͻȻԼƤˡ
ʮɾǧ̳ƣһ״٣Ǯʵơ
ڣǼ鼴Ҳ
ɫת죬˵Щ滰ȴȻ̧ͷ
ӰͻֱԽƬϿȱǿաǾȻǾŵǰɵĸˡ
е
һ˻ǧæѭȥҶïᵽѪȵϢʲõسͯҵֵܲ󣬽档˲䣬Զ־Ӱ
ȻĶŽǺɫɽס
״٣ȥһƣ۽磡֮ĳʾ⣬ЦծеĹУʱ˿̣Ȼžʯ
£Ծﲻһս⣬ֻ̫ͻȻ


1106 
ǿ֮УʮӰУ໥ʮ
ǰˣڡ˵˷ҶïֵͯŵʦͽԼ橶ĳ졣
λǰڳҶïҷ˽ɫأٴСΨĳڶһԵʵ٣˭Ƿϵá
ʮɺԶת֮䣬ֳ֮ʮλʿǼ˺裬Է⡣һλϸڴƬ̣תҵλ˽
ĻţɾڵǰʮλūʹӣΪɺڵĸ֡µλǽ޼ҵļ볤ӣǰڰǰɾڣɺԲΪ
ڳӵȻﵽһ͵ļޡȻ˿ͷ䣬в˷硣ã״գܲǸСӵܵؽȡʶûķ
ȻйؽΣڳû˱֪ĸࡣҲףӼĳߵһ޻֮ˣڣʹ飬һܽȡھԼǸĪڣһջ񡣶˵ԼЩԩȦʮҲᣬթʮʯƾʵݡծǰѰ˭˵ȥԸһ
ͷӵ֮⣬վźŵʦͽˡϤߵΪ֮԰ݡһԵĴڷ绻˸˫˫һƳλ׼ҵһֱȥڽһв֪Ǿˮ˺ˮǺˮû˾ˮ
ʦͽͷʾ⡣˾ϣԺٲκһˡ¶ԷǸɶӡ
ټʶ㣬Ϊǰţб䣬򲻿ӡ
첻ᡣӵĻûʣȴǹ䱾ȴʱ·ļơ
ǿ֮У˫Ķʮңңš
һ˳봾ڷʦֵ֮⣬Ϊ˾ĸ֡Ϊ׵ڡ˵˷ɲǰˡƣ
һͻȻǿĺֻԶԸ⣬㰵ͷһʮλɷӣתǰĿƬ̣ŴĪ˵ţ˾ǷҵϣһϮۣ뷢Ұףü´ò񳣬һӵģż¡Էȴ룬ƫϣڸŵͷ͡
վ޼һֵܵĵ䣬ԵøݰСһֲȹǼӣƵ͸µķ˪ٲһѰũֻкɫơ
ǽʥûѶ޼ҵʧȥ䡣ΪˣҼ˴̽Ψ󣬱㰵¡Ȼڷ˴󡭡ӽ˵һˣ˸֣ʱŶᡭ
ߣ˲֪ǼĪΪһкξģҾãʢ˵ذڰ֣ȴԶӰ۹һ˿ɻתת˵ڴˣλѡ
֮⣬һſеλһֱһַ룬̬ưҷֱǸ߰ͬλ׳ӣͬɫ䣬һԲ
ŻǰֵλΪЩв֪մԵҪһ֮ǿȻ֮ϡбֶܿأ
ǡڴʱ˵ˡֻƳķ˵Ϸ˭һС֪
΢΢һ˵λѣ㲻ǶڵΪˣ浱Լ˸߸ϵǰһתֵв֪ǰһλԶųֺĪŹªš
Ůû¹ʲôˣʥŮҪ֡ͻλĸ֣Ȼǿɡһ̱Ļãá
Ǻǡ
ͻȻЦһһԵ˫˫ŭ
󵨣

ֹ̧סˣԶԶŻ˵Ϸڣ㲻ʲô
˭źûʵԶĴƽȡڡȡʤ֮ܲһɡΪǸĹˣйص²һ֪
ΣЦݹѵɫ
ȻƬ̣ɵΪβϵ㡭ǡ˵Ļˣȴһʱ֪γڡڹȴ޷
˶Ի֮ʣ˫˼졣
ʦͽֵͯܽԵľ͸żϲ
Ҷï޶ԡûʲôֻǿߣ
³һڳŵҡͷ䣿ν䣬˸֮ʿЩײβԶˣȻһΪޱ֮ˣѰǿİ֣ǴԼĺ֮Сʮ꣬ȴûй¶һڷ硣
أ˫ϴЦݣȴ׽
֮⣬޼ҵͬǾﲻѡŤͷӣԷ鳤룬һĳء
ͬʱ˵ĶԻڼ
ںһ˵ʮȥĪ˵׺ɣ߹죬Ϸϵһûԣһ˦߳ݵ룬죡
Ų޾⣬Ƿ˹˼ɣ˵ҵΪһͬΪ˶ʧȥıֻȫԸ´ʱð벽̧һӣʮūȻһɱǰ
ɫһȵȾҲӡ
ŲΪȻЦ֮˾֮¡һƲķˡ
϶ʱһ㺮⣬ͷ˵һȺԾӣһСʮͷʬƵĿܣϷǱˡδ˵̤꣬ǰֵ̧ȥһ֮ȻǧâӭͷʮūϮȥ
֮˲䣬˵˷˫˫ֱ֣ԶĻšӡ˼ķɽһޣ׺ɱƲɵ
໣
˫սڼ۷죬˻һҪųȥȴһֵӰסȥ·ܲ˻ȭ򣬶Է׵ףԴ󷢰Ųҽֵʰ㡭
ʱҶïǰһ䡣˶ҵҡ
Ҷï£ֻԶһЦٺ٣Ժֵܲڵʱҵġ
һסţ˸Խ䱸Ӿֹ죬ȴֽɡǸ˶ӰмƳһۣתǰʱȻ
˫ת˲
˴ǵذ㽣âȥɲǣͻ䡣ֻʮūӰһģգ֮䣬ǱʮλһȴòͬĽɺڵĸ֡ÿ˿һλɾʿʮԶԸһλڵǰ
⣬ԴĻţں޺߶Ųͣ˭棬˭


1107 ת
һ׮£һͻȸѿţĵ㣬Ÿָı䶨һ̣û֪Ρ
ʮūʮλɸ֡ͻһУʵϣҲǻ޿ֵһԵɡޱɾ֮йܴɣֲ¡ʿڶ࣬ĸȴûҲܺһ£ȫʹָ硣ΪˣġȥĻūԼ໥֮Ƴͬ졭
ڳֵһ˲䣬ʮӰ˹֮ĻʮĽâɳǰХ
ͬʱ˵˷˸ūӭײϡ˴˫Զţвͬɱֶȴͬļ򵥣ҲΪ׺Ψ죬Ψơһ򵥣һʹ졭
ڼͼԶȡʤ벻⣬һռǧâ仯ʱʮөԷһ֡
䡢䡢䣡
ɲ֮䣬ɺײһǣȥƲֹ
顢顢飡
һը׵ĸūʱûҫ۵Ĺâ֮СµĻūæƲᡣƾʧת֣һŽ׷ɱٴηڡ
ʮ֮⣬ǡ顢顱һ촫˵˷ֻ˹ƣûɱūԷԺηսס
һǿձâ磬ŰɱںԹѵڵȫƣǽһһɱλĴϯ治˵ȡʤѣҪƬ֮ȴǲס
ʮ˸ūתλմȥò˶ñ㽫һͿء
ɫ˼طԸӡӣȥԸµĺʿʤڴһ٣һ˵˷ȥּȵӦСȹţлȻɳĵӵӰߣɷ䣬ȴһɾڵΪ˲䣬ĵӰһΡ
ӻ˸Գɣ漴ͷ⣬תǰ
֮⣬һʮλʿڹ۵вt
ʱڱһ̶ˮڳнû䣬ȴּüãǸԼͥת̶̵䣡ʷʢܽ˲Ϊ֮أ
ǺǣѳǬʡӴ˺̺壬ϰ
˵΢ЦԴ֮ٲֻ˼ھɽˮ֮䡣벢֤һµıǨпǧ
һԵĴڷΪȻ͵µգмʶãʦ棬Ӧٶˣ᳤¡֣ǡƷ۶һȻȻУ㲻Ŷɡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦԵ֮ɫԱֵʹȻܼҲ
ʶ֮ĸ˵ףȡʱ򴵿ܱһ磬ȴ֪Ƕꡣҿ̻졣
봾ڷĶԻЩĪȴΪ޵ص仯ʦͽΪû٩٩̸ʵˡ
һ߹սһĬĬ񡣹ֲһ¾ۼôĸˣ³򰡡
ڴʱͻȻ˴󺰵ӡ
Ǹ˶ıӰͶȥмһƳתȻһΪʤȯգ˭ǰκ䡭
ս֮Уڴ衣ʮǿ·ɣʱǣʱ磬һһֱ߽ܻҵӰϮȥűǡ顢顱죬ūʱ
ǰ󲻹Ĺʮʬ˰˸ȻǾֹݣɱŨءҪǰȴһ٣ɫһ
ǸϸڶˣȴʼʩٴμĵӰȻΪɾڵĿܣ˲䣬һȻʮλԷŰԼµֱ˵˷ȥ
ʮλɾ֮£κһλڵǰʮηĽ󣬲С
ڵкһתߡͬʱʮ˵˷ȥ
Ŵʮλɾֽ׷ᣬȵҪˣ
ʮūӵϣֻסԷ˵·Ӹǲҵǰ
ԭ൱ǿ⡣ʮλɡʮλɾټǸ޼ҵˣ̫Ӵ󡣵ƾڡ˵˷ӦӲϾĪ˵µĺʿһۣյο֪
״ֵͯܽ˵ڳ̣ĪҪʹ˺죬ɨڣ
֪ӳ֮꣬ͷࡣǿվǲ򡣻רΪһյοȵޱɾ
ҶïֱУȻ£ȴûţֻŤͷ󡣶λ׸ѴڳȥԶͷҪ
Զӳ˹룬˵ݱһʱͼԶ֮ơδ䣬תų׷˹ȥ϶ԷȴͣһĹЦ
ӵȻѣתɶݡڴ˻֮ʣͻȻһըס˻ȻĿ
ֻڡ˵˷ں֮Уּ̧ڷĵâȻըʱϮȥʮūмӰ䡣е˳һвδʹաķǿ֮ͻȻâֳ֮һһʿӰͬʱжٵݹɺԶ۶
˵˷ΪһԲ˺ʮλʿΪϵĸ֣һȺΪʥǰٶˣգ۵ĹѽһΧ˵䡣
վΣԴ㵲ѡһսȻǾĶǣϵȴתʮλʿԶɣɱƲһɸǰս֮ͽս֮һδǿ˹
ﻹԶ٣Ҿȴ֮֮
ѭԶ洺ĳָֻšм߳ӣɶʱ򣬶ԷɫȻظԼӣ˭µͷ˭ûÿ죡ûû֮Ī
סӭ죬صһۣ漴ֱ׳µ㷽ŵݱһʱȨ֮ƣҾͳһͬΪ˵ֻ״٣㲻ϵ޳ܶ֡ϵķһ£תֳָЦݵͷΪǵֵծ˺ţٺ٣ʮɾǸСĿ
ɫһ˦ת
ʱŵ˹Ʋ٣һȻΪбȴ϶ԷԴܽӰͷϽ¶ֱ˶·ٲȻھ֮С
ӼԶһϤӰʥʹʱ˿̣Ͷ
ʮȺУһ׳ʼͷ£صҲΰ
۹һΪʹĵؽ˵ʥϷ㲻ΪĪ塭
꺺ӺƱ˽˶̴ЩҲסŭߣҵƧ֮̸壿Ϊ˵桭ҡ£תȺ֮С
һŲԶĻҡҡͷ˳䣬ɫһ䡣ɱӿԽڶ


1108 ƼӰ
ʬСվѵƵȲвֱ֪˭С
ںƽйѾõԹŭ⡣˵Żֵϣ˫֣̬ʮλʿܣԴٸѸɹȺŹĹһ
ŵĹʢȴͻȻ뵽Χ֮СȻ䣬Ŀѡ
һССĽ򣬺ʱǿҲЩҰѱޣڵѳϡΪߣʮλԶŵˡ
һޱɾб˾֮ӰȻڰ֣ΪΪУҪ߸ֻǳɾޱ֮λѲˣû˿Ծ
ŴܵΣɫȴûڵĻϣȻƬ֮󣬱Ѱϸǰ߶߶ţҵȼȷ棬һȺ˰ˡ˵Ϻݺݶһۣܻ꣬ؼеһɵվս
أԾִٲͻĺǳһֵĻ˸񣬸ĪеĲΧһɼΡֻǵߴһѻͷϾ룬˷޳Ļš
ܻūʮλ֮࣬ѸڳһʮơǰӦҲ䱸ɭϡŴӾжƵָ̧ԶڣҲ˭Ҳ˶ڣһݲϣݰСɢȴ͸żַ񣬼ֻΪһϵġʾһԸתߡȻݣ
һʱ֮䣬˫ǿн
ս֮⣬ӵ˶Զ
쿴ǰΣм˵ʮλɾʮλɣһս֪֮ǰָӦԣʤӮδ֪
鳤룬£˵սϵشҵȲǰȥһ֮
ҡͷ˵λԲӣҵ޲Ҿ䡭
һ˹Цٺ٣˼ʶ
ֻЦ̶ʱŭת߳ӣ޶˳裬Ǻε
˫ԴЦݾĿ죬ʵӴͷ֪Ǿ׼ҸһļʶƤһģغǺֵȡ裬Һ¡
һͣΪΡ˿ǿݣ˵ȻˣβǰײߣһսĪɡ
Ӻߺһһ˵̧٣˶֮⣬һ治֪ζԸһֳӲӡٵӢ˲ϴװǰȥ˵лش֮¸¡δ˵̲꣬סŵһЦ
ӡ
Ӽ˶첻ͣæѵǰˡ
ڶˣ
ڲǸϲµˣԻŵĽᡣ˷˷ʾ£漴̧ǰһָĽâƿնȻǹХȥͬʱܵʮʿ֡
˲䣬ǧâһƬ˸񷣬Ȼֶ¡꣬ɵ
żԷȷѣ˫衣է𣬺ת躮ȥʮܻūΪĬּӳַ
˫ĽֲƬ̣ŵǿٴη
䣡
ƵĽâܼ磬˷Ϯһ躮ŽķڷˡȻײʱһľ졣
ת֮䣬һѩϺبգסܵĹơܼĽâֹһһ󼲷ŭֻ꣬Ҫһ˺顢ɡ˫ѷ֣ҲƾС
żΣݣһڣΣǽٺд񣬺ߡתŲԶӷԸԳ£ϮҴգֺ첻٣֮⣬תʤ֮
æżӳܵĽƣһ˵æͷǡ͸ǲ㽻֯ķâԶɵð̾˿ȫ˶ѣŻͷĪҪˣжٸĦȭơʥһķˮ޼ҴѿԼ𡭡
衢ѩϣһƬʮĽ󷨡еʮܻūķһؼӳַڴ֮⣬Ľ⹥ɡ
ڶԻŵǿӲǲΪȻȴʩչĽƸеЩ⡣һĬĬƬ֮Щ䡣꣬һ˵ͷ
ڴʱһֱԶȺͻȻ˹ԽʥΪףԲԼͬط˹ơٵǿķΪһǡһǿյľ޴Բ赲֮ƣֱһڵĽƺݺݻȥ
ȻԶĶסͷһǰûзֻû뵽ȺȻѡһ֮Ψ֮ͽƲ֮ǰȻҵһǳϡ

һĺȻը죬ݿһ㣬ʮƵϷʱ˺ѳһ˶ĻڡɣŰ߰˸ū׵壬˲䱻촷ۡǿٸ˵ĺһж
ɫ΢䣬ȴϳԿΪ̣һƬҡ
ͬʱշ𣬴Ȼһӣ漴һָȥǧâΪһѸһɳľ޴Ӱ֮ɱ䡭
ŲûԶһ١̧ͷɲǣĿ㵡˲䣬ŨصĺȻ٣ܡһ磬ڱʮʿķٲȻǶԲǿһĴ𣬾С
ڼȴΧ޴ӡžбŷһ˿񣬲һеش˼־֮䣬µʮūһһ𣬽ǰ
顢顢顭
һһūԱըһһյѷ졣ǰ󲻹Ϣ֮䣬ʮūΪСǵӰ磬նƻ磬ҡ
ǿɱĪĿ־壬ǧ֮Ӿɫֵǻūһɶ˻䣬ͷһظܵĴС˴޼ҵļ볤ϣֻ΢顭
ŵɫ֪һͽ͵΢΢Ц£ֱͦ͵ӣӭһĨһʱ̻һƼӰ沨ȥ
ǡڴʱһɫٿȻ˺ѷΰؾеɱš


1109 
ǸһصˣѰ֮ǰʾ޷Ҫŵʵ⡣һԷʹʹɱֵʱ򣡶һ칰Уݳ
ʴˣûĹšǵӰΧɵвȣǽס¡⣬ͻȻֵһλŮӡ
һнڵʯ֮䣬ڲ룬˫Ȼһ֡
䣡
ɵĽӰȻԵֵɱȥκ֮У󷨵Ȼ޴档ʮūյɡˡ͵³һѪǿգȴǰ֮һѱסš
ӣһϣҪϷһ˵ǲȻ
֮䣬һʱǿսΨĻķ
Щһ
Զһ˳ûӽսʮΧ֮Ȼ
ӣӡţҡڱһŮӣʵū֪ӵ
ͬʱŮӲˣū볾ӣڵõﴨ֮󣬱ֱӸ˹ūΪޣ;ⵢ飬һҲǡʱȴΪ֮첻ѡ
Ůӷһ֮ˣĻǣһ
ʦͽūĽǰԲдһּҶïֵͯʲõūԣǹ°ļΪ졣
Ҳŵ˵ͷЩĪòūӲ¡Ǹӣ欶ˡµĺôǶһռȥ
ū˻֮󣬴żɻ󣬿˵ʦԼӽԨԴԵҪҡ
ӻȻ°ҡҡͷ˵ȻڰһԴֹ˵ӣֻǳӣҡ
˷δ䣬Զ˵٩ֻһӣ
ѭȥҡͷЦٺ٣٣ġתūһգֵͣ˭ټ
˾Ŀ
Χ֮УѲǰơΪڶĿܻūֻʣʮˣԱˡӶһԣ˫˫ɫ
˻Ȼһ˿ѪȴץԵһֻС֣ŵʧҵĶ㲻Īۻ軨ˡųڣס˼£ָ̧ŶԷбųˮ⣬ĵ߶ӣҵĶѽԵε˴˴һ̣Ƶû˹֮ɫɱֻ֮вĴǣңٲȻһɣϸˣ
ִӣ˫մۣȴ־ϲģͷʾţл˵١ԷһתԶڣ˵л飡ӵ
ˮɫܣԴ
׸ĸ˫Ϊţŵ̤;Ŷоҵ֮˵֮꼰㣬ӲѣһƲлƮķڻԵɺ֮ңңֵ֣ĶԹΣгڴˣȻɢһ桭
ҡҡͷߵߣ˴ʶ꣬ԼһϣϷ磬ȴԻȫȻ֪Ȩأԡ
ӼɱҲϰݣΪ֮һȻէϲէѹæһԵĻʵţк⣬ԵδΪС
أԽųӵֱۣΪȻؿοĪţط꣬޻ڡԷɫУͷһε̾һʵץסһҪˣҪʬһ٣ЩڴֵСںδǷں죿
ʧţ㲻һΪС
кβɣԹһȻɫ꣬ķ˵ϻɱСӣнյ鷳ϵޱйϵش󡭡
Ȼɫá꣬ؿ£˵ţû˼ңûյĳӣûһûнյĳӡ
ɫ΢΢һ˵˴ǷСвȣŲŹ仰вһĳԹȻ˲ݵĵز
ѽһ˲ڽڡûյĽɫ˵ż˼ң԰һͣΪУóָԴֲ޿еؽ˵˼ѷĶ֣ʹ˻ɸΪ񲯡
ŲȻΣʵ˵ġʵĶˡ漴ֱֽͦݵӣΪִֵ˵һСŶ֡
ӡšһΪȻ˵һƾűΪŵǰһأ仰һתЩ޵˵һޣΪɾ磬˭ǵ֡ŵȥûֵжǿ󣬷֮Ǵźβ˳Ȼתδ֪
ԶںƵȵòͷͻȻ߳ӣϷ御󡭡ܶʱɱӿ
Χ֮УڼʮūȻȴʬ⣬һԻ̻޴롣ڷҪһնɱ޴ǿɵĴ֮һټʮλսԶˣһȺ׺ޡ
һץ˻ţ̾ˣŹ
ҵĶɫһ˲࣬æתԶ
ںһΪ
һҧ˵ֻҪҲҴ߳ӣҴӴ˲һΪСˣȴһ˿ޡǰ˲òȴΪ˹һѾͷ޹
΢΢Ȼ漴ͷ͵뷨ʩȻһգȻصޡ
˼гɡ
Ȼһ̾ɣиֿһԣӵһ˿ҷתԶ˵ǰ֣ʵɼԶ࣬һʱ޴ӷ˵仰һ٣ųֵҡӲŵȴһŵ⡭ǰԶϣ̧֡Щعӣ˶΢΢䣬
֪ǱԶĸֶ֮ģֻʲôԵʣĬĬص˵ͷһһӰƬ֮ͻȻ˵ʦˣʩչĽԺδ
ֱ룬ʦһѰˣ䣡ʩչĽƣԾɷ
ʮɾū֮
Żû˵꣬Ȼԭŵ˵ǰķŹҡ
һֱŵȻһɣһѵѽ˺εЦ̣˵л
Σӻ˸ɫæʧʱع˵޼ӵܣлǰ
һƳ˵ѡ
ӲҪһң漴˫˫ɫһ䣬ֻԷĮȻֵ˵˷»


1110 аƶ
ӣŻˡ˵ʦĸŲɷָ֡ҪŻŻؼҡںδڵĵطǼҡ
˵˻֮⣬ıǾݵ£ɢˣﴨԼӡûһֻԶȥʱ򣬻ңңһƳ
Σǧɲǻ䣬Զ
ȥʱ򣬻͸©һ䡣֮ǿ󣬾Գ󡭡
Ҳˡ˳˶ھһҶֵ崼תĴս֮󣬴ŲĻں޶ȥ̻ȻûһģٲȻһʧǵֵܣ
ǵõϤб䣬ʵһȴûæǰȥ޼ӵϼӷȥһѰδ˶еңǸӵ硣
ƣ͵ǡСޱɾеǿĿãٴη޼ұؽ׵壡
ΪˣѰ˻ţԷ֮Գ󻼡ȫû³ʵֲλǰδϾɱȴΪĴӴɼ
֪˻ڵˣΣ
;УӸӵ̾һʥͣ˭Ϊ

һͻΣһսսȻԶȥ˵˷ʥŸԵ·˺죬ūڴظµһ˶顣
ӵȥеȻʧ
ѽѾͷ˵龫֣ҲƢϲˣȴ˵߱ˣһ˵š
ӳſյܳ˻񣬶һпתضС£̸ֲЦûǡǡ֮һԷͻȻȥһЩĪ
ǰʮ֮⣬һӵˡ˷۽磬ڻζѡ
ڷһʦֵ˵Цһ߲ԶİӰһ£ޣĸ߲ʡ
ǰУͬ񲻶󶯾ͷҲص߳λӹôλˣ˭ҵѾͷĿ𱰣дһȻ޴ָֻγԿ֮ȻûŪɡĪҪ۸һӣһԴ󷢸пӡ
Ѿͷôˣ˳ƺǧ꣬ܵ𡭡
һæĿȥӵ˽ǰԲڣһĶࡣ
С񡭡
㵡ֻһҳԼ𣿼ӵ˻׿پʧ棬̲סͷ߳ǳӹΣ֮ʱͦ壬ұмӣȴĿ𱰣Ƿ̡ܽ
ޣ
Ӳ콫˵꣬Ҳ壬ֻծʮɾһ鶼ɣ
һ͵ػŭûСǳԿˣŭԷšֱգһӰûţһ˵֪ʱȴҪһթʵ޿̡
ˣһͦݺݵӡ
ͷĪһ붼غȵҷԷս˫ȭҪֵļơмغһ˵ƻȻ
ս˫ȭɱְһΣ˶Ա뺷۶죬ȴͻȻһ󺰣Ƿծ仰δ䣬ҶïֵͯѷɱʦͽԹۡ
ʼʩ޳֮ȣ
ʱᣬ۷ڡ޺һ˦䣬ת㡣Ҳ˵ȺŹѵУʹ˾£˵𡭡
ӵƲˣӶȭͷȵߣҴսٻغϡ
콥ΧΣһֱǰǰҡ

ʮ֮⣬ūС
սգնķᣬʹڵ²鳤룬ȻԶ
ūһĬĬ棬˼
۹һƳЦʵūԵ죿
ū£ǸȻصū볾ӽദվãէȻ룬˻
ŶںƻȻʣǷǲһУֺαزᡭ
ū£ӽΪ˿Ʒ񲣬ֹ޳ʵѩϻ塣ϤűԣΨֶԷִԲǻֲԸʦǿУСҶȫ֡ΪˣūС
۹һʣϷȥ»
֮ϣеūӴȣūת
һЦ˵޷
ţūΪɣӦ볾ӽѾãһ̽ϤʵΪ񡣶ǻŷ֮󣬱¼ɡ
ڲ׶꣬ɫ漴Ц̾һӸ˵ð
ūɫ΢˵Ӷвиʦ̻壡
ڽЦǺǣǳ֮ǲ飬֮޲仰δ䣬˴󺰣ǰҡ
ڲΪȻҡҡͷһԵūת֮
ɱҶïֵͯܽ׷ᣬӻӶһ˫ȭͷʦͽβ
¾ţ
֪ʡūһԡ
ʮԶ֮⣬ȻֹסΣַߵؼ˵թˣһǻԶȴ裬ڣ
ͬʱҶïֵͯͣɫơȴǳûȭͷЦݣ޺ģһաʦͽūңʩһԶפ
޹ܵ˸˶Թ
ڵ۹ӹˣϡﵭȴԢˡȴɱɱ˶Թ޹أҲ޹ء
һָλǰֹܹ˭Ȼƫ̻ŵӡĪǲ֪ӵĶУ˴һ˶Ӱε˽ǰЦ˸˶Թ֮νɱ˳ǷծǮٺ١
ˡ켱ˣϾ룬æǷծ
ڳϤ޶ԡֻ봾ڷŤͷˣϴһĨβȥЦ⡣Ǹӻ治ǸˣȴǳѲ˭˭ù
˵ڻصԸˣɵ
£òͷ鼱Σ˵ǵձؽԲ޵˵ۣһֳԾӡаһҪ˾ŵֶУʵ޿̡
޿̣
ںûģ˫ֿԶ˵֪һºδ㣿֮󣬲˶ǰؽ󡣶Ȩһ֮ˣʮɾȴֺĳ⡣ֳ֮˵
һ̣ǿյԶӰɺ硣
Լֵ˭˵аƶֵܡ
ͬʱһǿӰ


1111 ѭ
Ȼ仯ĺˮͶһʯӣ΢ȴڲķգһľʹ˺Хһǰ׳ۡ
һ棬ȼŵзɱŶǻǽ˻Ʒڵҽ赲һ٣ת˲˺գһʮķ籩ǷβӵŽɫĹâصƣХšţ޿ɵֵķ񣬺
һĬĬƾŰ籩ƽȻ޶ԡһؿƺ޼ȴ븪ûͬвҷ𣡲ڴ˴áá
ת˲֮䣬ɫľХĻ棬աҵϢ
һûжܣأԳһξ֮С̫ߣ̫ʼΣζʣδ塭ܻͨǬǳ¡

籩ңɵ
һδֻסβ漴⾳Ȼ˳ŭ֮͵طԶµӰͬһƬҶһӣڱ΢дڣ㡭
籩ϯ֮ʣһͻȻ˹ڵ֮͵ػӶջȥ̶˫һ㡣
֮ɲǣײлȻֿѸʮĽɫȻããǿ
ڴһ˲¡¡ѣǳƬƬֹâǺôһ
Ƭ֮ɢ籩٣ڳţֻһȻ꣬˿Լ˫֣תԶգס΢̣һֱ۹
ǿ֮Уշ籩֮£һ˸á֪ɬѶġ̫ؾʡĵַҪ壬ִʶһ˿ǣžٺĪ֮ʣ֮ǰͨڻͨշġ
һ̣ٲؾƿءֻֻ̧֮䣬ٷ֣죬γǳ
ɴ˿ɼԴʹ˶֮Դɴ˸̫ͨؾȴֱֻ̫֮Ϊáʶͨȴˡ񲻹ǽɣо糬Ȼ˵ʩ֮Ƿ磬֮ѳɡʱգٵֻУǺǣ
һϲ֣һ֣δ
֮ȻԶȼյͷȴҲͬԶ򡣶Լӱ֮£ҲѰֻһȥ˼ʱգĹâڣǺδ
һʱ⣬̧̤ȥ˲䣬Ӱѳǧ֮⡣ǰȻ
һ޴ĲʯƮǿ֮СԼĪʮСһƬǿչӳ֮Ҳɫʡٽ⣬ֻû˻ôһط
һǰУûԶȴͻȻͣлͫ˸漴ֹסȥƶ治ѡڲʯܣȻΧһεĽơƲסʶҲȥͷĹâ
һ鲻۵Ĳʯѣ˹Źֵã
һɻҴк쳣漴ϳĹâȻһʢ
֮ͫ£ǿսΡžʯ֮ڣɭϡ֮ӦѴ˺ܶͷȴȻ𣬲˿覴©֮ȥ鷳ȴҲѡ
һδգֻͫԴ͸ƣֱȥǧƬ̣ɫһ
һƬĺڰ֮УϳĻͫâǡ糿ֶ֮ߡ֮£ʯ֮ϣ洦ɼ۶ϵķ͡ĵҵķ档ĿĴ޾Ļ֮䣬дһɽȣȴͬĴݲų
ʲôطΣĪǵһǣԵɣǷʹѰһ
һԳɣͷһһֲ֮ԼԼ׽ȴֺƲİ䲻룬׿еĽңת̧̤ȥӰ֮ʧգ֮䣬ѵ֮⣬ȴٿһ
һ̤߰˲֮һסȥơתԾɲԶ쳣ֻ˸ǹ꣬Գ˵ܹȴβסԼԼ
ʲŵĲ֮ΪСȻС޴ֻˣŻΣĴųѰԼȻ
һ˿˳ʮͼȴֽסҡҡͷ
ÿ;֮ʣͼ֣ԱѭС˭ĩˣǲɱײʱֵ˺δ
һɻͬеͼһתԶһƬ֮ȥӰ漴һٿȻǰȥ
һƼΪƯǿ֮СǧС͸ءʮͼأڡ
ƽȥһʲǿ֮УʮСһԶ䣬ʱʱ֡
״һԶԶͣΪٽһ壬ʮ֮⡣ϲľʢԪŨʿѲ߮ӰʮʿΪɸ֣һɷģٲȻǻūһĴڡΧ˵Ľ䱸ɭϣеǿտ֪
һ΢΢üɫĬĬáһĪĳ嶯һĪȻӿʹԳֱ֡ιų£һĺ⣬תԶеĶ֣в̹ȻȥҴա

ɽ֮ϣ֮УŮӵӰԶ
һϮµʥŮȻɴ鲻
ʮ⣬վŮӡеĻ̬ɫǷϡһԵǷȵĳӣ׵ʹ
˷֮УδѰһˣȴһλ쾳ǰٸֵΧȿȡ
ӣػ˿˵Ϊӻزˣ˭ҵΨһĵдλǰǳŽҡ
̧ͷ˸һЦ
Ҫʹ˱չأкתԵδȻĳŲȥˣȿȡ
һԣһѪ
ѽӾһæֲлš
ʥŮһֱĬĬǰһһСŶԷز̧׳һֻƿ˵սסֽٺط꣬Ǹ񰡣Ըչؾǡ
æ˫ֽӹƿǷл
ʥŮºͣȴֲ䲻ؽʵ˵ˣĴ֮һڣУһȥ˺δ
δ˵ֽɵصҩ̷ȴһԶУδ飬ΪʱūҲڳŶĻһЦǸȻ˵ūһĵӣѾáǰϷŹţ޸ϵ
ʥŮΪ裬ǴЦ˵ӣ㵹Ĳϣ
۹͵֮Ӱݡ
Իһӣ˵Ѿͷˣ񲣬֪Թһ֮󣬽ŻصԳڣΪ˵䡭
䣿ʥŮĬȻƬ̣ζ˵Ĵ𶼻žأתԶ΢΢漴̧һаָżɻ˵٣ۡ


1112 ϦϦ
ɽ֮ϣªĲݣһСҵĲݵأ˳ھ֮
˴ԭΪСбչȥˡ
ӣΪ˴˼ˡ
һ֣ľ԰˵һҩ԰ӡ
԰Դֲһɲ֮ٲѰҩĴҲû˰Ū˼úõһҩ԰Ӿôķɲݺ죬ÿţơ
ʱһŮӴԶʤѩòˣֻ׵У˼ֵȻįɫ
֪ϬݵǰͬʱһӰǰ֮䣬ٲ統Ǹ鶯ĻӡʱǨǡۣϦǺϦ
оڴˣҲʡ
ܲľ䣬ɽɫ񾲣Ե֡ǸĪʥŮԼ˵ĻסСһƲŵıչأǡʱһתһӰֻ̧˻֣кλǡ
ӣ
Ů䣬̤֮ԼӶ꣬ʵԽھŵĳӡͿ볾ӷ·ȴˮһʥ»ɡ
ѽŶ
ӴˣƻȻѣæͷȵӡǰߵΪɾľ磬ټϾ׵գŮҲɵΪ֮ȻԵ̾ǰ۶ʣŮҵ˼û˲µ͸
ü΢˵֮ˣֺαԷƱɫһʵ㡭ϵң
ǰĿյϣŮ໥š
ȻǷǷӣЦˣԷɫѯʣƫ룬ŻصӲϵǰȴšݴޱɾ֮Уһǰǰ޼֮¡
תȥɫЩ԰ס̧ڣȻҴҴ֮ʱȻ֪Ѱԡ
һΪУԲţŵ;ϰӺȥһϣʣǰ¾ܷԸŶ
ҡҡͷأԿɽ˵˼䣬޶⣬Ҫļֻ롭
ƳһǶ˵ıӰɫһ˿ɡйصޱɾһУԺʿĴ˵һˣֲֻᡣᣬȴһۿԼ˼⣿
ֻ֪ӳƬ̣ת˪Ͼ͸һ˿У˵Ƿ񰲺ã޲ҡ
ǰָһ΢΢һȻصѽأˣ޲㣬֪ȻԷǹ˫֣ɫһãżֿĿֵӻŴ֪һʶѾã֪֪ܷ
ɫͷһѵŶֲСޱɾг˴ԭˣã
ƲƲС죬ɫ΢ʵλǰһкζԹв֪Ҫ˵Щʲôأ
һųӣ˵йյ֡ͷȥܣΪѵֵգһΪԵɡ

һҵƱԵһնĿԶǰ֮ڣ洦ƯŴСʯڰ֮£󣬴˴Ӧþڡ
һö޼ҵͼ֮Уʮ֪ʮ֮⣬Ϊ֪
䣬˵Ȼˣ򾡽ԱҪѰģֻʣһء
ֻѰǷһأ
ɵɾߴɾ졢¡졢ޱ֮⣬ɾɾ䣬ɾںηǰһڣʲôã
һɴСʯƷһ̧һ㣬תҪȥβŶѭʶԶ
֮ļʯ֮䣬ͻȻӰһλһλĺӣżӣȴΪ˾ĸ֡мѰʲô
һƫƧҲΪ֪ĵطȻðʿ
һԼӰȴֲˡէһһ˫ȡͻΣ͸һ˿ĪĹ죡
Īֻǻþֻۻ軨ЩϲԼŲǧ࣬׶ͣлͫӳ֣ῴ
һ಻סͷɻҽһԣ֮СѴ˲ʯ磬ٽ˷⵽ĵطȴɫһʱȥΡ
һǧСĲʯ͹Ưǿ֮СһۿȥǰҲ쳣֮ǡڴʱһƬƽ̹ĿյͻȻһ΢ĹâתۼðӰ֮ǰ꺺ӡâʧһ޵ĵѨڸٿš
֮δͣתԶ֮һʯڡǸŶĺӻʵʦ֣ջΣأԴеһɫʯӦʯѣ̸ջĪϵһá
ӵĺͣ½Ų˵֮Ψд˴ɫʯǧ֮ʯʣ޼Ե߲Ҳ
Ϊӵֽ̧ʯ˹ȥ˵ܲýֶأšɫʯڰлһӨӨâȻ΢ȴۡ
һץʯ¶Ц˵лʦ֡
Ϊʦ֣ҲǫͣЦ˵ͷȴͻȻתԶɫһ䣬ʧߺˣ
ӶȻһæеľʯ
˵İԶһͬڰȻѡǵй¶мһ㿴ԶΡʯ赲ǧ֮ߵӰɼǰ󲻹˲䣬Էֱ˴
ʦ֣ݱһ
ˣҾ䡭
һʦֵܻ䣬ߵӰӿնգ۵ĹѶסܵ·
ľԷˣλɵǰ֣òͬȴһɫɷⲻơʦֵˣ˵Ϊ˴ϣڹǿһĿȻΪߣ©˷ֻҪ˴ɫʯԵˡ²ܣ̣º޷
ǺǣڴΪ
ѭȥŰ֮һӹ˹֣С˵λǰʦֵܶˡһݵӣֻɺڵΪ̸ֹ䣬ٲȻһеΪ֮ˡ
ǺǡݵһЦֵ˴ʯûֺ
ɫ࣬ƻ˴Ϊأ֪һʱ⣬ʦֵȴǡײ;˴λǰˣǵùˣԸܷ׻
ֻ߾ˣϵѰ˸û˵ɫʯ
ӼʦɫѣЩⲻȥб䣬Լ£ӻ˵ˡðв֪ǰԺη
Ǹɫһͱ˵طʵ˭ҵӵܣʵ


1113 
ӷʣԶԣֻÿ򷽳ӡܶԷ˭й¶Լҵ˾ֻˣ
ҰװˣҾλǰ
ȻԸ£ǸݵǸȻ֣תʾʦܰʯҶȥ𴦡
Ϊɥصͷ˷ŵǿ龧ʯҹѣΧ֮Уִȥͽ档ԸƲ֣Ϣˡ
ӸͳԼãͬϵģ龧ʯ˽ʯɵ˹ȥת㱼Զʯڡ
·Ըһӿն
Ӿɫһ䣬¶Ȼ˸䲻ݻ֮ʣϮĽ͵ըȻɱͷ¡
顢飡
֮Уһʦֵܵ׹أʮɲվΡ˲޴󰭣ֻиϵһɫҫҫԡ
ݵ˾ʯδݣǳûʹɱ֡˭ԷȻʹ֮࣬ס۷Ź⡣ԷѰˣȻԵסɸֵȫһǳ׼һеǽɫ׵죡
λǰԩ޳𣬺ιҪƣ
ԭò϶һҫ۵֮󣬱䣬֮߳ɲǣ˵ϸԶһɫ֮״Ѵӣڳһƴ׵ļơ
ӺƬ̣żϡĺ룬˵ͷȻ֮ڣû˸׿벽˼ȷԽرܾӵԶ壬ǺǡЦ̧ʾ¡λɸһԲɻǰȥֻΧ£ֱٸĶɱ
ӣԶףλһ㷨Ĺâ֮УϵҲԷĻﴫ˻£ס߬еĽ𴸡ֻΧ֮Ҫȥһ֣ѣ
ǡڴʱϢǿ֮УͻȻһ硣Ƿ磬Īǰת˲ΧŲʯ﷽ԲתһȦ
˭
ȻһĹˡ
ӰŽķҲû˶һԼԼĽƣȴڲ֪Ʈǿ֮СĪɱ˲
Ӱвæȵ²˳٣ٽܻ׽ĪҪסųڣǧ֮ͻȻ˵ĳҲ˿ףָΡ
δ䣬һֳΡ
ڳѭȥԴ㵲ѡһĻӣҷ磬ͷһӡһ˫бŨü֮£˫Ӳʷ΢̵ЦЦ֮䣬ԶĪƻɣ
ӵԲ˫ۣʧ㡭˭
һǰµشڿڵʦֵܣĵ˵ĳ˾ĳˣ˭۹бǸʣǷԾ
ӿһΪ²͸һԷ˾ʱһ׳ΪȻ߳Ȼֺ֪ʡҵڴ£˻رܡ
һͣ¡ǰĲԶλɸֵΧơδԹ˵ʥŮ֮⣬˵ĸˡҪʵ̬⣬ݣڸ룬˵һּΪ򵥵Ѱ¡
Ǻǡ
ӺЦһ׹һδ˵ͻȻ̧һָ˲䣬ٽһӰȻ
Ϊӣ۹ͣ䣬ĽâȴΪƲɵ˫Զ֮ݵӳ׼ʱȻѣһɱ
ӽɫأųߵĶ
գ۵ĹǿĹһһҵǰһȻפԭҲȴ߳ߣʬܣɸҷ
ǿɱǰɿ⣬һȻӱչ˫䡣ϮâٿȻһ̶֣յǱŸԵϮȥǾʹգּ̧㡣ˮ״ϸ׻ƿնűĺ
䡢䣡
ɲǣһҫ硣˲ܣα˲ɷ׻л˻ҽ
״Ŀɿڴ
λ˵˼鶯֮ȴĽɸֻ̧֮֡䣬ѱ˫˫ɱ˵λɾΪǰ
ͷһ飬ٹ˲ʲôʯף̧һ˳飬漴ִʧɫֵĽ΢΢ȻʹôѶûô䲻Ҷ룬æµĽɿһǰ壬ϺֻΪӵ
һ΢΢üסԴ֮ɷ׻׷֮ɱɵĿܿν׾١ħʩὫΪľˡǰԤȲһ㻷ƵĽƣȻͼ
䡢䣡
֮УӰٴαǰµ׻̫ǿ󣬾һơ
ͬʱǡ죬ǰĽɿײ˽Ƶ赲ת˲ҪͬǸݵӶԶ
Ӽÿ죬˫˫ȥһԶһʯ֮ϣͻȻֳһõķ֮ɲǣһУգۼŷһͬʧԭء
һϵǶʦֵ֮ܲ״δһ˼Զȥľˣ˳˫漴ȻӶŭȥ
ԶڼвңеͻȻһ١Ŀ㵣æƴڵһǿգƱһ˫εĴĪ֮Ȼң໥ʹȴԳ֡ΪߣɿҲһһ̣뿪ˮƾαQԾһʱ޷˾ľء
һ飬̧ռ㡣ԹķӿԷǰȥƲͣٿȻԽ˸ӡתһ̣ʮ⴫顱졣͵ĿܶȻ˲仯мƬƬ׹޵Զ
̫ؾ֮Ȼأʩչͨ磬˼ƿصĸоʵ
һ֮ʣתӶ̧ץǰĸֻɼ˹Ǿ״״ʧס֣

һһ֣֮ĸҡҡͷ˵֪˻ڵһʱһԽȻǣǡһԷٻ֮¡
ݵӺȻĿѣҽеѻꡭ
һüһ˵թ֮ͽմ֮޵ԣֻܡĳѭһľʣĲ


1114 
ũӣֺС͵ϡ棬ʮԳֵˣ֮ĴΪˡԽթĺ˶Ϊ˰֮ڸ֪һλǿˡ
ʮ꣬ǿ°ȥǮ˼ҵŮ죬ݲУΧˣձù鰸ȴƾԼҵֶԽִŷڴɱˡŻ𡢽ӣν޶֮ٴ׷ɱ;ĩ·֮ʣ֪һЦһǹ¡
һཫʹ׹ֻأԴΪˡⷢˣ˴һץߡսһ֮췭ظĲͬ
ûñ˻ǧ꣬仰ߡǺʮͦһԴΪȻ
ģǸòͷһλȿѵĶˣһλɡ
ΪƣΪꣻأУܣˣһ
߽ˣһ˲֪ĵطǿϴë衢̥ǣڷţչǧꡣ
ͻȻֵλˣ˭֪Ҳʡȴϲ񲢸ж¡ԷҪԼɣӴңֻС
չǧ֮һصڡ˴ʮµĺӣǷ׼ΪһǿˡʩչͨǿΪ
֮󣬹Ϊ˾һʹӣλȴʧһڻЧʥŮʱӼ򶯵Ѳ߮ķĲʹʦֵܡ
֮У˹ʮʹ֮⣬˳ûݵµԵʣʥŮԼ֪١
һµĲʯ֮ϣһ˫Ŀ΢أĬȻ֮£ǽץǸ²ʡĸӡ˵
һЩ֮ͽΪӥȮǱĲáһǷҳδ֪ȴʹ˶Ŀ˱ǿת̥Ϊȴ޾磬壬Щʬܲ޷ֱ𡣴˾٣ʵߵģ
һڹʶѰ˰ΣŶԷļ䣬ǾһԾ֪ȴ⡣⣬ûпǸߵģǹˣֻΣ
һǿʶɨȥʶȻ䱻ݻٵһɲǣǧ£ľʣֻһƬհס˰˫գ΢΢¡
ͬʱдʶֳһӰ
һδߵģȻ˫ۣ͵ػһɶȥδ͸Զƣ㡰顱һȻը
µһʶӡǣ˹Ĳּ䣬ڹؼʱʬ𼣡
һҡͷ漴ɫһ̧Сİ֮Уһ΢ĹâٿȻ
һָǬӡʮɵĵطǿȴԵЩᡣ֮߰˿ɫʯѰķҩݣһƿ˵ĵҩöԼһЩ顣
һǬ䣬ֻöв鿴һöͼ֮ڣǾͼһöһƪ
ķعţֻʣԶ˸һµӰԭⲽ
ʽ򵥵ַھˡ˵źΪܣַھԲݣ֮Ϊֻϧ֮Ҫ֪Լؽ֮Уʮ˵ź
Ƭ֮һҵ˼һٴܵĶ
ӣӣһʦֵܵҲȤ俴ƽС΢ʵֹçײѭ浸Уֲʧĳ˳֮˾Ȼʧ˵Ƿװ
һβյɣ̶һյ꣬лͫ˸漴ּ
һâƽֳһСĶڡû˽Ƶ赲е̫֮ǳ׼˴Ӳɾʯĵط
һǶʦֵܵΣҡҡͷɫʯΪʯ̺Ũ̫֮ʯɾô£ȴ˵ĺҼΪѵáԼȱΪԣڴ˴Ϲ󹤷
ڶڵĽƲѰǿ鿴Բ֮ӻȻԶŵɼֶΡԼǰ֮ϣֻǴɣ
һҶƬ̣һѸʧǰĽҲָԭ״һǴʯǰлͫ˸δȻ
ս֮޴Գ󡣴˴Ȼ
һּ̧Ȼʯһâ֮һʵĴͷ뾧ʯ֧֮ţôڣȴʵãҲΪײ
ǶʦֵǺȥ˺η
һƬ̣ͷһۣת̤뵽˷֮СĹâ֮£кζԼӴٴּ̧һٿȻŷ֣ܵڡ˲䣬âʢִӰٿȻʧ
Ǻδס
ҫ۵ĹâХķȻһͣܵľΪ֮һ䣬һɻ֮ʣֻγͣͷͻȻһ졣룬̧һ㡣ɳɲǣըװһ

ƵĺУȥʮɵĽȻһ١ȴǺبһɫСɽɵķԲԳɱķ֮˾Ϣ޴Ӷܡ
һ˫üһһӳΪķֶȥ֮âһȻʮɡ֮Իһ졣ķɫ΢㵡
һƬĮɳĻ֮⣬һȺҫӰΪ׵ľ˾Ϊɵĸ֣ķԵϣæʩչΪ֮⣬ʮ쾳ˣһԴе˲İӡ
һܵΣɵüͷԴֻԼһ·Ѱ
ڴʱԶڳ˵ѣִܣ󣡡ܵľλӳַѹ֮ȻһըԿȻɵСɽǾŰѽ𴸺ΪһɷǾˣ
һ̧ͷһƳɫǻˣֻѱӡԼ޶⣬жڶԷԵܴ˺ѭԶ˵ӣӣ˵Ĵ֮
һ׵һۣ˴˵ͷ⡣ȻԷѿŶʱͼ졣תŲɫǹ˹֣Χ֮еһ˵Ҳɱ˽ٱѰ˴ϸд³ȰλңҾλɳϵһɱɾǰ
ǺǣһҲ
һһ֣ΪȻЦһ߳ȻˣĪҷͷ۹кһ


1115 
һƬĮ֮УСɽľʯ΢΢ţҡţȴʮɵİ䡣ɵĴС״ԲҫŲĽɭȻɲƣ˻̿־壬ȴ޴Ӷܡ·һɫĽ⣬죬ƾѹȻ᲻ɴݣ
ھʯ֮£һӰС֮У̬ŵҪ
ӼԷҡҡͷλɸ֮ŭˣ߳ôӣ־ܣʱ
ǳ֮ˣͬڿ֮ڣĪǳһȴԷλߣھλɳڵĳ֮УΪߣӦڳһеΪ֮ˡ
ôһÆ£˺һƴʱҪѷԸʮɵ֣ⲻҪɱ䡣ܱѪе˽¶ˣջΪ
ǡڴʱԶðһʮӰ״ܵʿºˣǿڽӡ
һɫһѭŶȥ
ת˲֮䣬һʿ˽ǰ
Ϊ׵ˣһһŮеģغŨڵĶ룬һĴֲѰũ򣬶о˸λɺڵĸ֡Ůػ꣬ȹͬΪũװ磬ȴò㣬ϲףŽɺԲľ硣ʮ߰λʿŮ׽УһϵΪ
ʦ㣬ʦ֡
λʦ
ڳʿ߼֮ʣķΪ׵һһŮǧ֮סΣžʯµһ
꣬Ů΢΢죬ü˼
ȴܴһӣȵˡ
Ůæ裬תʵʦܣϵˣ
ӲΪȻش죬ΣǧĹأʦ֪
Ů˵ʦçײԺٶֲ١һתֵλ˭Եδ򣿡
Сɽľʯ֮£һأŨصɱ֮СԶԶһһŮ˴йһ֮Եλ˰ɣĳ޶⡣볷ȥƣ𷨱һ£ֵĳϲ˱˵
Ůɫ΢䣬ǽס׷ʵ㡭һ
һŵ˵ʦ㣡Ǹһޱ֮ɵΪز䲻˵ľ߹ҵȣΣȻթҽ£жᡭ
Ůҡͷ˵򲻿ɣʦʦѣ
ǺǣǺôĵӡӺͻȻʲôŭЦѵʦ㣡Īλȥ˺δʦܵ
ŵôԣŮĬȻ
һ¶˲ҫ۵Ľʱһ䣬ȵˣ
ͬʱʮͬʱ֣һѸɳ
ŮҪΪʱȴֽסһż̧ͷµʮߡλʿˣҲһԹۡ

ӳ֮£СɽľʯȻһͻһ죬ɷԲڵɳغȻߡűáˡһըǲظ֮³һ԰Ȼ¶һĨεЦ
һһŮİǵޱɾ̨ǰλԼĮ֮УŲûв²⡣ԷύһǽݻһλǰˣǲС󶯸ɸ꣬ȴ˵ϼ仰֮ѣߡ

һɲǣһ˫üб̧һ㡣âһʧʯȻ¡䲻ݷ֮ʣȻӶ䡣ͷ֮ϣȻѿһɵշ϶
ͬʱʯһ١
һ˫Ӱ֮ܵȻһҡһٿȻû֮䣬ӰϮڰ֮˫һ֡䣡һĺ֮Уʮ﷽ԲضھҲСɽľʯȻ漴˾Ű˶Ľ𴸣һշȴƲ١
ڴ˿̣һͻȻȥһķ漴к¡һץҷɵĽƾһ٣ٿȻС̶ʧ١䲻գķȻ쭼ķ
˾ѽҵ鳡
ǿת䡣ʯ֮ʣʹ׵ľλɸ⧲ӳֵķޣֻŷΪ֮ﲢȥ֮ȫȻڷ֮⣬֮УһڣƱ
Ϊ׵ɫһ䣬̧гһ⣬ȵСͦϣֺʦ󡭡δеķŵ΢ɲȴ쳣ĹâٿȻǽ޴Ӷܡ֮һ˲Ӱҷɣ漴һһʧȥ
˾ʹһԹʮ߰˽ĿɿڴΪ׵Ůȴֻ֡ʮӰɢһһӶ˶Ȼ׹ءٲҳɣæߺ顭
顢飡
Ȼֹ˫˫ɵɳ֮ϡѼ̣޴άֶ˲ʧֳ˵ıĿȻѡʵڹ죬ǸʩչΪⷽغѱףԼֻڲɼǡ˵ǿֻ±쾳ǰ಻ضá
һߺŮԼµһʿԭءֻʲŶֵʮˣȫ⣬һʮ﷽Բ֮ڣμΪǱʦǸΪСɳ֮Уﻹݵģ֮Уһ˱˫ְȻɾȻķ
һս֮Ҫ־ĳţҲš
һӸ£ɫһ䡣ݺݳһ֮󣬾̧һ߰ĳ̣ǽƴβϸбէһûֱȴ̺ĪⷨԼ졣
Ůӻ׿ң˽Բ֪롣䱾ȴķżҾ˵һǸȻҡͷֵȣһǰǰ˴
ߣĳĶʵޡһӿն䣬۲֮˵ΪνҵˣΪҪȺ֮֮УûɾĸԼ쾳ǰԸһһ˵סֱһֵϵףкá仰ҵĮȴɡ
Ů΢㵣˵ԭǰ֪Ѱ
ڴˣһһꡭһ߶˵ȴ
Ůһ˵ǰ֮ˣʦ𡭡
һ΢΢ǣ˵ͷ䵭Ȼ飬һȻء
ŮӲ˵ӣλʤǰµʦܣ֪ɷ񡭡ֹǸȻʾ⡣ɳУһ˲Դֻŵ졣
ʤʤһ۴ǰƿ̧ŵһץ
Զ̷ɹӰͨڼɿ⡣𣬻ӡһƨڵϣһ
Ӽһǿ֮ˣȻ˵ǰϸ


1116 ز
ӣи֣鳡׸ǰԵʤµ޵һ߼᲻ɴݣһ߹Ϊƾ˶߳һĵ֣Ϊ첻
Ҳǣִ鳣˭ݶ־ɱ֮ʣϱˡһ˫ñ
λˣǵʤ񵭵ԵʣңյͷʹȻ˸µĵӶΪ֮ټϵޣʹɺڵٲȻеٮٮߡȻˣ˻ŷΪֻɫʯѱΪѰٻԵһط
²ɣӡȺһ빶һСǰȻɱ˺ߣȴ˵һľĻĳҲ˿ףָΣ
ΪˣǶʦֵֻһľٶǳû١֮Ԥ϶Էβȴδȥ󣬷ʦֵǣҪһԴֻΪȥһ󻼡ʮλɵĸ֣ټ󷨣Ըɾǰڻ¡˭·Ը
ϳһ֮ʣ˫þʹԺ͡ȴ³çΪǣʹʳʱѵ֮⣬ʦʦڶʮǰԶδ飬ѰһȥǰλȻԳˣò£ȴ룬Ȼթ
һ˵ʶʦֵܵĽƷ֮󣬱뵽һ׮¡ڹĺߣʾ֮µ󷨣ʹǳ򡣶λˣײβɴ˼ˣǲѲ²⡭
ȭͷ˵ʹ졣
һ׮⣬ȥĪͳԹޣٶһԾ֮꣬Ӧ֮壻һ̻һȻ
ʤλΪҪȥѰԼһıһ֪ѹȥʮ꣬ħǱߺûʲôԴˣҲɲֻ֪꣬ʦʦĽ֮ڵŰݻᣬ˴˷ǵмѡ
߿֮УһзȥƣĬĬ
ޱ޼ʵĻĮ֮УһȻڡɽ֣ľ磬ٲȻǴ˴һޡΪʵЩ
˸һԣһ֮ɫԱλǰģᣬȴ̬ͣȫ޸˵黹˾Ű鳣ͳ˼ɫʯ֮࣬Ϊϲ
ڣء
ʾ⣬˵ͷִ͡˵Ĺ󣬴˴вȴʤڱң
һ۹ӹܴӵŵˣһ֣Ƿ
һԷ˵ʦԣ񣬹زУ򣬽˶ѡ仰вԵ֮⣬˼ĪءһǳǳһЦͷǰȥʾǰ롭
԰İϪˮᡣһУλũæ̤ŽٿȥȡҰڼСȸԾѡ
ԽɷӾӵĴ䣬·һƬľɽȡֻɽˮ̣ľʢɫȻһϪˮŵɽ֮ϣֶӣΡ

ڣɽһĽ֮С
Ƭɽ֮ϣŰԶһһӰĬĬ
Ȼ֮Уū˫ۣһСʱ鶯۹ڰ֮⣬ɫ㯡ʦչȻûж꣬ݸڴػ֮ʣҲûջ񡣳ʮɾޣ̫֮죬ĺڡʦתضο
ʦʱתأǷ֪ӽȥ
ū̧ͷˮ㷢ỮգһĨȻǼ֦ïʢʹȴ˼Ȥĳӽ㣬ūʵҪ˵öࡣӽ󣬾뿪ʦ벽
ūƳ֮ʣͷһϬæǰϲʦ
֮⣬һħӰ΢΢£̶վ𣬲һӡܷʮĽ˲һӰȻüһаȲɫһţ漴ůů֮ȻһЦ
ʦչʮأΪо
һŽǰūЦΪʦͨвū֮Ϊ
ūɫȻƲסͷã˵ʦ̫֮°빦ǳӽѣūв֪
̫̫֮ɣΪ˭ҵ˽֮ǺǡһǺһ֣˫־һΪĿ֮ɽȵͱھɡããǡֻļήǳ¶зէ
һ˼֮ʣתūʵūʦ
ū£յĳģ˵ӽ뿪˺졭
һ΢΢Ȼ漴ĬĬ˵ͷ
ūһʱ͸ʦ˼ֻ˽ȥǰ˵˳Ƭֽ֮˵ӽǻŻѳʦڽڣ֮ࡣΪ֪
һɫɣȴǸ龫ֵŮӣЦһ֮У֪мˡһóһֵۣľūƽ⣬Ϊʦο
ūȻ˼ūƽ⣬Ϊǿʦһ֮У֪мˡ
һһףһȭͷСԲֶȥ
ū⣬̧ɸߴͻȻƣʹΪ֮ҡ֮䣬һʧֻһհƹâӳķ
״ū̾һؿ̩ɾ٣ʦͨ
һΪȻЦǺǣһöɾѣƽ˼ɼ󣡡
ū˵ʦԶȻڣǾյɾ
ԣһЦ
ūʲôֵʦпá

ɽǧ֮⣬һɽԵɽ֮ϣԶ
ģˣڡ˫Ŀ΢أɫĮǾǧ֮ģλ뷢Ұ׵ߣ̬ǫͣͬһò񳣬һա˵ֱ֮Գʤ
ߣһת۵ĹǶʮȥС
ѣ԰꣡Ҷѵ⣬ֶǰӡ
ʤϵܣɾȻ䣬پʹ˵ȥȻʱ
ǺǣֲҶֲ֪һ䣬ͽκΡ
֣ˡֱԡ³ʵǵѡһУǾһ˴ַȴԸɵ۴䣬֮ӡ
Ǻǣ־˽֮ˡ

һһ䣬һӲʩ˵ͣ
ںƲͣһٴɫسĳǴ֮ˣҺΡֵȥʶһÿ·һʱǣҪȴͣתԶ
λְⷬ׷ˣסҡͷ漴˫˫ɫһеȻȻָԶӰȻЦǺǣˣ˴йһ֮Ե


1117 ǡ

ԶɽľľϪˮΡԪܣһ㵭ʹ˲Ȼһʱȴµš
ǰĿյϣһмϽ«һ߾ˮڡư죬ԻζĿɷദ˴ǢԵáѰʴһԶ볾ľǾڣȻУȴľȻ
򣬻ĮеһޣԼ֣أҲʱûķɳ֮Сǡͷһִǵֲ׺ɣıǨ˴ǣڱ֮󣬻򡣱תʦԣ񣬹زУ
һҡҡͷϽ«ĬĬԭѰ˭һײջ˴˴һתȥ˽죬йĴΣһԵ֪
зǧ쾳˸вλɷԶ˵ĺᡣʶЩνķˣѷѰķˣǸ׶ҲΪδóȴһ彡Ԫ೤˵һ˽ᵤ̤֮;ֱճΪˡ
ڵҴ֮⣬ȡʤµӵһάֲ޸ϵֻϧλ˶ڼңʹһȤ˽䵱ǰ֮нңԶ֮ħȻ˶ʹ˲ȥͷʵ
һջ˼۹СϽ«ˣȡ֮һƬСɵ״ǡ׵ģ
Ϊ䱾˵ӤʱķһƬ׷
һ֮ϸϸꡣΪʤһĴУΪ֪Ϊ˵ʵڣȻ׷֮Ħһ֮á
ʱʮӰԽԶ
һ̧ۿȥ
һڲǰĿյϣ׷׾ּΪ׵߽˵ǰҵȼԶУǣ֮⣬µĽΪɸ֣һȻɫأҪԶŵģ
һв⣬ȴɫ糣˵ĳ̻գǵȥʱˡ
𲻼룬ʵǰɷͬУ
һδӦ۹ˡ
̧ǸȻ˵ҵóȻУ֮⡣ֻʦнʮ֮󲻼ʦתµиɾϡ飬ǰĪ֡
һеŮӣһΪȻذ˰֣˵ؾĳȥ֮⡣ǸɫЩε𣬽ֵͬС޲ɣ԰գ΢΢һЦ
֮Ҳ
Ȼͻ֣һԵ˵ǰͬУɱݣΪȻһͷ͡
ӺЦ˵Ȼˣ;еƾǰԸ
һǺʵɾںδȴȥΪ
Ӵǰǣʦܵǰɾ;ȥΪΣΨмʦʦˡ

һ޴ֻļŵʯ֮ϣƽһ΢Ĺâ漴ðһ˵Ӱ֮⣬ͬеʿ⡣Ӧڸ˲Ľݾֻеһв֪µʲôطֺʱִܵصɾ
һͬǲԣԸһ·СǶԽν;֣ǵޱɾɵµͼڴе⣬˸˵ʤĸ²صķ󣬽˸·Ҳݡǰⷽڣ񲢲İ
ڴͣЪ㽫Զǰ
ӼһԶǿգ˽һһ˹
һͷһƳԶ֮İ֮Уһǳҫۡ
˵˽ǰɫɻ
ʵǰιɶ˵ɶʦĳȡӸʵǰзԸ
һ°һ̧Զǿǳʾ£˵ĳҪգ˴˲ͷ·
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ŴԶջ۹⣬ȻǰӦǰǷⶺһ
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ͼʾǰɾ;Ҫᴩ򡣼ת֮󣬽ǡ;򡣻޼ҵĶ£һһɵΡʶδϤӰ֪ǸǶ˺ɽ֮УȥȻ˴ûһ⡣
ӳ£һԵתʵǰɷҵУ
͵;ѰɷһԱ㹺Щ֮͸С
ŵôԣһֻתɫڴԶһʮԭصȺ
һһЦ˵ôĽɸֲԼҪŻ޵ʿֲΪȻҡҡͷ˵ȸ·Ҫ֣
һ̯ε顣
ȴȻЦڴЪϢҽܶмɣǰȫ
һǰĽÿɷֵ֪ĳ޼ҵĶԹ⣬ǣС
˵ֻǰķԸнֹġ
һӦǰһ֮ԺɨҵСǣУɣ
ͬһ仰òͬĿ˵Զ˳ɣҲԻ˲롣ҲĻʣںһȻ뷲
һٷ˵ǺһЦշʾ£ͬ˹ȥ

ȥ޼
ʯֵľͷȻǹ涡Ӱ߲
ֿڵǼҾǴǰӣֻǻƹ񣬶ȴûյľ˲ݴǰһ軨ݡ
ʻƵСԺڣڷżӣڴ˵Ц
СԺеһľǰһλ׳ӡŨü룬˫䣬ֱ˵òȲڳ߰λʿ֮УΪߣɤЦΪҲǣһλԲĸ֣ɾ岻һ֮ңʵΪ֮۲ѣ
ϷΪŹ³ϣν񰡣뵱꣬ϷҲǴһӲ˽յĳɾ͡ĪҪиɵҲǺǡӰڳļƣǺһЦȴкƹϾơڳ˽ɫ־Ӱ٩٩ֵˮۣˣѵɵҹУаֵСΪȻ񡭡
ǡڴʱӰ
ΪСΨΨŵŵҪǰЯġ
׳˵̬۹ɫͻ䡭


1118 ֮
µľУͻȻû˵Ц
һŤͷȥ
һΪߣǸӣƮȻȴзֺķϢٲһλԷ׼ĵˡһϮµۣͷϵַλʿģֻ΢΢ЦЦ飬ųѰĵǸûеɵַ
ӵһλ׳һλòŮӡǰ̧߲ͬ־ԼԼɢ˿ɲƣλɲǰˣ
ƹλΪߣֻܽһͬʣӭǰȥкλǰСơ룬תַ֮ѡСԺֻӣռݡǸȻһЦҪ˵һ˭϶Է˾Խԣֱλ³϶ȥ
״ƹһЦӯţҲм֮£漴ӭж⡣żǡúһ
Ȼߵ˹³ϵǰһ°˶档֮üһָһӣƹģϾƣеһһŮȴδͬһң̬ȻȻֻɢڲ֪ķʹڳһϢĿ׵ߣԻ̻Ͱţ˵һ仰
ƹֽתĹѴǬа̳Ӱϣֺ˵ǰСġ𡯣Ʒ
˶λ³ϵ״δ̧ץ̳ӣȴͻȻͣ۹бʵԷվƣԵε
Ǻǣǰʵúã˾ƴеʣµƹĹźЦ˵Ů£ƣٻΪ𣬺¶ҷƣ䡭ҡͷ֮䣬ӡᡱһ죬߳׻˵ٸקŪ
ƹһĵʿһβ׵Ĵ˵С¡ĲؾϲʹٸʵףǰλԵ޹ʷ
ž
ŵöƹһ¡λ³ϿǰȴԼΪĲһľ˷飬Ѫɫӻ˵赱ĺ֮ˣ⡭λѣŭ
޼Ĺ£һλòɵŮڴ˿һССľľˮԷ䣬۲ƣȴڱⲻ֮λŮӰ޼ңΪˣɵƣԶˣ˽衰֮廳ʵĲ
һ̣ĪĹ֮Сڳ޼ӵܼ³ʧ̬ɵĿɿڴ˰վĴɻĴǸˣеСߣֻŽԶݡ
˻ϤأԶ΢΢һüͷƵƣĳļɻ䣬Ҳգ
ţ֮ˣȻȻ³Ϊǵظһ䡣
Ȼʲôһɫһ߳ĳļɻ䣬ǳ˿Դȣ
³һȻ磬ͷȴǰޡΪŮӣǼɻһҪ棬Ӳˡ
һһԵƹӻ֣˵°һ̧ɫһת΢Ц˵ǺǣФϣһ꣬ԶϵһʱǨ˷ǣʤ갡
һĴŽڣжʱɹػһ޼ӵܾ˺󣬸̧׳ѶФȨӵֻּڵشеѽҲϵ㡭ԵҪѰ鷳˴޼򡭡
ͻˣһһСνФϣǵ걻һѵ÷ФȨӡһȻҴҡ޼򣬱˼ɡФȨΨǻȴǰĶˡ޼Ϊ˷ҵţϷꡣŽɸأ˵еɷȴͻȻ١йޱɾеһжţ޼ӵܸ
ת֮䣬бÿյģֻʣһǰڱ˴˶ʮ⣬ۼ߰λ޼ҵӵܣһ̻޴롣
һɫ糣ʾ¡ٿףԡФȨӼ˴ݣѰƵļƣֱţȴζѣֻôһĿధֵѣȥȻؽ֮ӣ
ɲʲôɻ䣬ץ̳͹һڣδعζȴһɣͷغȵݵ£һСС޼ңܶǰֺ뺷ΪǷֻԷɺڵƾǳ˿ܡФȨɫӲȴֲ룬ΨģģΪǱֿ
ѽԶο÷޼޼кθ֡ǰľɵΣδؼ򵥡
һܣɫƣһǵһǡ޼ǲԸͣĪѡ۹ФȨӵϣһЦֵʵһұƣ
ФȨֻͷ벻ر任ǰˣơԺͷṳ̂ʵǰϤԷ䲻ʵ˿˭Ͻմʱ֪ΪجΣս֮ȥ
һʵ޼ҵ˸һ֮࣬ȴûλӵǶںɽ֮Уȥ
ФȨӲҪſڣһ顣Զ޼ӵܿɶڶأвأԼӿɾûˡ£ص˵ɵ۴ֶߣ޼ǰɾ޼ҵĺɽأȰ㲻ȥ
һФȨӵĽΪȻʣ߼ǷǰɾžĶ
ФȨӴݴ߼Ϥھ򡭡εҡҡͷŷ˵Ϊϣȴݵ΢
һԳ̧һץ
ФȨͷһ漴ְϲһ΢ĹâüٿȻת˲šƲ꣬һý⣿
һȻվԺɲФȨ˵òȻߣ޴ȴС˸Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ʾ˴ȻȤȥɾһ֣԰գת߳˾˲ɣȥ
ФȨɫݣֻ۽ǰĶƬ̣סȻ̧ͷ
һӹŨƮȻԶΧ۵޼ӵܲһвŽ߳ʯֵľͷԶʮӰΪ׵һλ°׷ϸ˵һ˫ۣڵصպȵһҵѰֻ߲á
Ǹ޺ӣɳڵΪеĶʮˣΪ˵ĸ֡ǳ׼޼ҵɾ֮вδ㳲
һ̧һƳֻ׿ҡ
ɫݣȻû޼ҵ˷ϡФȨӵ޼ҵȻҽǰһԶ
һкһ̤նӭǰӰ˵޺ӣҲΪѰȴ⶯ɱˡҪұȫ㡭


1119 
޼޼ڵɽ֮䣬һﳤɽȡϷƶˣСɽȵܣԲԣ׶ôһƾõɼҸأͻȻ֮ɱķ
һ˴һɫɣһһ˫˫𣬸ԽɺڵȻķһһ죬ǰĶʮֱ˶ȥ
СֿڵĹ£һȺ޼ҵ޲麧Ȼ̻޴롣
һ޼ҵŵӣӵɾɱɽ磬ش˳޺ӡʱһλΪĺʿ֮ޱɾ֮УͬΪˣ̨ޣǿޱս޼ƴʮȺɣӴһս˷ͻ޼ֽһѪȷ硭
ФȨӶȺУо²ѡ޺ӳϵƱһ˵ǿ̫࣬ѲǽɵǰǰеǰɾȻѵľ磿ˣ޼Ƕְ
˲䣬һ޺һֻжʮԶ̱ڼݶԷڳƣ˵伱һֶȥɲǣмһĿĹâʮˮ״ϸ׻к¡䡢䡢䣡ֱʱըĺȻ¡¡֮
޺;УȻһǰӵʾŷǸĳͻȻ޼С֮ϣ֣ǳĪ⡣ҵæغɽһɺָӦΪ˶ڣӦԱݡ˭϶Է֮֮ͣ졣գ֮䣬һļ׻֮Ϯ
꣬ȻСӵһ֮Уǿ᲻˵Ǵλɵǰ
޺Ͼˣתɶݶæ֮У޼ҺɽķһͬʱغɽȲҺ֮ʣĿȻЯڶȥĹʮһ׻֮Сµ޼ҵӣĴܡ
Сɶ񣡡
޺ʹ޽ӣȴɫһ䡣ϤӰֱԼ֮һΪ͵׻¡¡ϵ֮Żһеķ񣬽˸޴ӵֵ
޺֪ڽӣסؼеӣҡδ䣬һƬƹƿէ֣ٿббײ˿µ׻֮ϡ
䣡
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ڴһ˲һŮӵӰԶ̤ʤѩ޳üһĨɫˮ֮Уȴ΢΢
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һֹһ£һ˦˫ֱգɱ̴档۹Խܵɽȣֿ֮⣬ԶɫкЩ㯣
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֪óȭǸ׳ۿһ̧֮ɱʮλˣס΢΢ݡҿԷ飬Ȼں
޺ȻشȴǼһҡҡλδɽз飬ͷɢǹѪǱһ˫ŽٺľңǵӰӣɱС
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޺ӲԣԶԶԵҪ޼飿ѵСĶ֡
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һ˫üǳȻԶ⡣ͷɲǡ
㲻ӵ¶״Թޣ޼֮ȻȰοֽʲô˵֮νһһģѭΨȴԹȥ
һɫ΢ѭȥŮӵֹ̬ٲȻǹȥģ˵һȴɬĪΪԼ⣬Ϊ޼˵飿
ӳжһᡣ֮ḧ£һף˵һлӵĺǻмӣ֮ʣԴ
ڰлһ΢ĹâǡȥǣҴҶּȻ
һ΢㵣ֽ̧ӹᡣ֮չٷ磬а׺欣һβĴ˵
޺µҩæŵϢųϵΣ״ӣɾʹȥСǳǿ˭֣޼ҴͷҲ
ûлͷ˵޼иڴˣǴͷ
޺в⣬ѵӣһҡ
Ӳ޺ӣֻԶԶɫо͸ĲԳ£ֵĿʵһ˵ǡ׷硯Ϊߺһһ֧Ȩɷ񣿡ί񣬲֪ǣա
һϵĻ̧۹⣬Դ㵡һİ˶Ϥ
ǸȻֵǲԸʹա
һȻ룬ͷȻֳͬһ֧ѸһٿȻȥ
ָ̧ӭһ顣һ٣֮֡ʣɫ꣬һʵִǰ֪Ϊ
һ£ҡͷ˵֪
ǳЦζֵΪֻءδһͶһƳתȻǿա
޺ʧӣ޼ҡ
֮ѲӰֻһ仰ƴ
飬ˣǰ飬Ȼֻۣޡ
һջᣬĬĬȻ


1120 û˶
򣬾ݱԺ
Ͽһɽ֮ϣվһȺˡеȿ·ͱϵġء֣Цӯӯһˮ¼ķգ
Զһ䶴ǰһ˶Ӱںٺֱ֣Ե֮ɫԱʹһʯϵ¶ԱҫһԼҲ׵ĲȤֻϧǼλǰ˲δ⣬ֻ˳Ͽзָָ㡣
һȡʤڲһѩ۳ȹū˲ԶĵطǳӡﴨҶïֵͯʦͽˡ
ʤҡҡͷʾʮ֮ƣɺƵ£򲻿ɰϿ֮УһٳһʮСޱɾ̫֮д֮죡
밺ףɫư䲻ȵسߣǧԲһŵŵһС
ʤһЦת˵ԴƣҶ٣δӣԺͬ¾ʢ١
ǲٴɫ˵ԣС
ʤźǺЦշĿԴ
ڴǹལҰػ棬һħһԵȻ
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㣬λѿƸ˴ͷĽѽɾ֮ڼֻһķʩ
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һĴ䱻ᳶţĻ͵ߣ֮ᾡСһƳūɿС˺һִ֮Ųᡣ
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ҪųųʶūŵҲ޿ɺǡ˭˼иĺʦأҶï󣬴󲽶һ죬һɣҲȥ
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ڷεذ̾һ˭ϴԵأλֵѣյǰʦ壬ȻǸ߲ʡŹȥĽ׸ǽŲڣ档Ī۹ⲻǸӰ
һµ飬ڡʤţԻʾ£̤նȥ
ϿԵɽ֮ϣֻܶһūҶïݲѰһǵմòӣһĹѪǣִУһ˵ȥеһλǾŵ¹طС
һūһƲζԷ۹ӯӯˡ˵תųӡﴨ˹˵ؼ̵һ仰δ䣬նͷҲصֵ
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ҶïһȻЦһݣūǿա
ɽ֮ϣ̧ͷת֮䣬Ӱá
ﴨ˫һ˦εҡͷ˵ֵ֮ܳ󣬱žʹ̸һ˭ͣЪԶСһ̯һԵĳӱԹΪߣֵܻūҶïټһţҪһɡַףԴ𣺡ûУ˵ûӰ
ǿԼҶϵ֣ɫЩįﴨһ߶߶ҡҡͷٺһ֣ת˵ֵܵħò뱾ûͬȴ֮һɷаΪɫҵȣ㻹ָкνֲǲˣҸǡ
һ׸͵ֵɾһһأֻɵڣķ
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ڷ뵽˴ɵūյأ
Ӱ˰ﴨ֮󣬳Ӳذڰ֣ŷضŤͷڷʵΪӣ
ڷ΢΢һЦҡͷһѶ꣬ΪڹŪ顣ΪȻòɣ򷽣Ϊ׿Խ֮
ҲҲ
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ڷЩͿسɽˮС

֮⣬ǿ֮С
ٶӰһƲ˵˷ʮ˲ض˵ʥһȺ¸ݺɱڡ
ڴ˵Ⱥλ𣬷ֱǶСɵڣԼڴɵʤȡǰʹиֻԵ£ôߵΪ޽
һūһɲǣλǰ⣬˵˷˹ּ񣬶ʥһѻƺӣ뺷ʮӭϼһظȻǵɽ𺣣Ϊǰв֪Ҫ˭ҡĹģȴʱ̲Լҵݡ
ʥһҰĵļһ»֮ھʵʵݷ꣬Ӱȣֲʼįжʮ˶ұǿ׳֮£򣬶ͥɨѨ֮ƺԴο׷һҲ뼰ȡڶԷҵ˵տԽɱ򣬶Ȩɾ֮λ
һˣŽʥ˵ʱ֮磬Լ
ʥգ˫ۣһ⣬ʲô˼ʿĻоƣҪǼھͺˡλƽ⣬ϧ硭
λӭǰַ룬ȻЦǺǣ˷¾㱸ֻɵ۴УɵһǬʤͷͣΪȻһԲɫжЩء
Ҷï˵Ǵսڼס۷Ź⣬ɵɵֱ֡ٵۼң
ūɫ񾲣ȴƲסͷܡȥͬСɣʦȻԼ
һʤ΢΢һЦȴְҡͷ
¾㱸̣޶ħӡֻӡһٴͨǷ򣬾ǳĪ⣬ȵȡĳ˻˽һǧ꣬ûй¾㱸ʱΨһ·ǰӲи
һȻ̯ƣһССĹâӯӯ˵ԷԸλ֮⣬˵ҽ磡
˵˷Խ磬״ȻʥȴɫɻһʱŪ״
һ̧һӣһ㵭İɫâٿȻǿգת˲ѽʮʿڶСʾ⣬ūҶï˫˫ƲȺȵգ
գ֮䣬ٶӰȻʧ
һ˫ֱ󣬳һʤЦȥ;ңԶηһδ䣬ȴһ


1121 ɾ
棬̶
Ͽȵĸص룬һźصƼָ֮£ǰɵ̶ѼֻĪΪ֮ļȴڴѡ
̶֮⣬ĳһſϥ
Ϊ׵֮⣬ҷֱҮס
ϵһλˣǰ͸ʡڽһѪֱչذ꣬ɾڵľ磬ʵ飬Ϊ˾һλ½ϡ
ʱغһ΢΢ĲһƵ
ڳλһһӾײ˫ۡ
Ǻƾһ紩͸Ԩ֮һźʹΪ֮ݡ
˲䣬һʱʱ޵춯ʧһ٣ȥΣ
أԽǰ̶꣬һЦԵϲɫ˵֮⣬֮ףҾʢָտɴ
ĵģҷ·ͬΪ׷׵ߣȴЦֹ̬ԵóࡣƬ̣΢΢ҡͷ˵̶֮Уתѹࡣʮ֮ǰ̶ͻȻӿ۲ɢȻŨأȴΪʶ죬鲻
ǹһЦΪȻ˵ΣƣӻƴȻм١
˸ų˵ҳҾ廯֮Ǳһ㣬Ը˷Ȼгɡ
ѭȥһɫ
֮ˣ½İ͸ʳϣжƳ籸ҲǣһԨԴڶԷһټ֮£ųΪ˾ĳ֮һ
Ķ˵ĻÿɷȻ̶˼꣬˵ҵ֪һޣһˣ֮ٲתһ٣ЩɫһԵңֵһȥҵָԴѪʮһǰ֮ǰǸΪĲ
ⷬڳλϽԳĬǰ͸ҲٳԵɫ
ĵĵǲ޵һ֮ɾ֮λּ֣һ紺էʹսûٴλ˲þطԶŻԻ͵ڴ
һһ޵ˡħҵıΪһȥ⡣Ӧһ׻ˮһգò׵ˣڵѪҲûˣԺָզء
һ֮Ҵͷ˳šһɵذڰ֣˵֮ˣڡɼһߡ
з죬˵ǰԵֳǰľ֮顣˾٣Ҳ̹
ɫһͣ˺һŵ˫ˣܸ֪Ѫ֮ףϲҾˡˣȴԵ㡣
Ա˫ۣҡͷ̾ѪΪźãν쾭壡ԣĪǻҪҵȥѰֻ
ȻֻһãȻӿͷ

յľͷһ޴ʯͻأبԶԶȥʮĲ֮ʣļŲ
ʮɺԶٽǷ׹ȴ־
֮һɺ밵塣˲䣬һƬɽжһıԼ˵Ӱվ׷׾Ŀ
һ򣬾ͷ󼸷תʱ࣬ڸϵͼʾƬطصɾ
˴ް۴ǹͺͺĲë֮أļţŰֵɾģΨԶԶİ˵ɽ嶸͸ʣⷽƽ˼ֵĪ⡣⣬ٵʶɨ䲻ߡ
˵ԶʦʦӰ˿ҵ絽һ
ɽʮķԲɽӣԶްʮ˾һֻ۹ͶΪ׵һϡ
ӳʾ£תһ˵ǰҵȻˣֽ£ƾԸǽһΨһĳʾһԱ֮⣬Ҳʧס
һ˫أԶ۹΢΢
ʱѰɾһ̽˭ײ֮󣬱ӽܵóȻˡ֮νɺűȻıԵ
ֽδħ١ݣֻƾ豾һ˵ı
ޱر洫СǾ仰ԵĻţƽϣ⵹ʮ㣡ǲȻ˼ۼڶʿ߼ҶˣΨĸ֡⣬Զİ˵忴ŹŹ֣ȱ
һ׳΢΢һЦ˵Ҳ⣬ֽĳηԸ֮ǰʱ򣬶ԷҪԼҵĳϡɾЩɸȴհΨΨǴӡ䱾˲δָʲдһ˵
⡭ӳ£ֹʦʦδһʱš
һΪתȥֵǣ񲻼򵥣
ǸȻһЦδӦȴȻԶڳ˽вһɫ䱸
ԶȺɽ֮䣬ðӰһ磬ȴϢػնԶ˲䣬ֳΡ
Ϊ֮ˣһ۵׳üòһλɾڵǰλߣΪɺڵĸ֮֡ʿɡ˵ľ粻ȡ
ɣһӡͬŵľλɸٿȻ˲ӭ⡣漴շȵߺˣ
һԵʿʮλ÷Ըһɢķת֮Ѱڳ˶ֵļơ
˫һƽһȺʿͣ
֮УΪ׵˾ʾ⣬˵ֵѣ˵棬ɻϵӡһλԽڶų̾֡ǰ˷ǲס
һʿȻҴ⣬һԴɻ󲻽⣬Կһ
һɫɣǺЦŰеҡҡͷתǰ̧˵׼ϻޱһ𣬵ָѹءط꣬˲ʤпѿԷǻգδᣬղ˴˺ѿһӦ֮壡
Ǵһӣžλɸתأһӵࡣ
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ӹһЦտڲ£ȴһ߹֣һߴɻԵ졣һµǿѲֻǰʮλ˵ѵһĽɸ֣ɶ쾳ǰΪβһ
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ͬʱмǰ
Ǻǣ˴ʶˣ׼ҵ׷ӡ
ƽӡ
˾У
˾ҵ
ǰСŮƽ
ֽ֡¸ӡ


1122 
Ҳдֲ¼ɣִް١
µ֣ʱĿһСֻҪԸ⡭
һƮȻӭǰȥӵ˾ֺЦ⡣Էȫ긻ưһĿˣһһʱ֮䣬˫Ҳ
ڱչɾľ֮󣬷ĲİΣͬƽ˾ˣڶʮǰһ˽ڵĺ򡣵ʱڣλ쾳ǰˡ
ν֪һһ
һ˵ȥݴɾΪټλ쾳ǰʮԶԼޡڵǿʵţ
⣬Щ£ǰһעмӣֻ˼ɣʼճھޱս֮Ŀ˽ڵľޱ䣬ʱ˼Ϊ£Ϊ䣬Ϊβܣ
ƽ˾иŴǣǺһ˸ҵ־Ը
ڿкͼΪתʴˣԽ߲ܣԸԷջɾ
ƽӡ˾зؽ֮δ飬Դµӵһϵɾ
һѹһͣ
֮վһλߣΪ˵ھ磬ȴûԭĵˣĺɫûˣֻһ˪ɣ˹֣ǿЦһ£ֵʹü͸Щɵ
һԼӶ꣬ЩʵӣΪڴ˴Ī׼ҵ׼ҡ
̧һƳһδἰȥĶԹɵð˿ҪӦֹֻЦĬĬҡҡͷ
һʣȷǰ׼ңβؽڣ
ҡһ䣬֪ʧԣæҡҡͷܵ𻰣£ݵؽ˵׼Ҳ·ŵԳɣԸֵأԱ֮顭
ӺôҲǽڵһΪǽȴΪǶԸϸд˽գ
һ룬һ֣Ц˵Ȼ㻹Ҫ㵽£ȥɡ
һû
һ˵ڰ˵Īǡ
˹̧׳һǬӣЦ˵ӣƧ֮شأ࣡Ȼ֡ǰ㲻շذɣ
ƽӯӯЦЦʧʱشһкǰ
ӽӹǬ䣬һ˵ɾ̫ˡ
ѷɾǲɶõϡһŴǻٿɾǵķ𾪡£øЩ֪롣
쵽˽ǰתƽƳһۡ⣬Ůӵ겻Сзϻ֮ͯףת֮䣬Ʊʲôͷ䣬Ƥһ鴤һ˿ɬ˵̫ˣܶùʮ򡭡
֮⣬ȴǻعһʱпѣ˵лתһ֮ػ̾Ϊֹ²շأصѰλˣ˵ʱһԡ
һ۹ӹӣƽϡźߵ˵ͷЦЦؿ죬תԶⴳǣħĶȴδض״ָơλпԡ
֡ǰǷλֳ
£̲סûһ䡣ֻǰĳƺЩ٣ֱʱȻҲعȥĻ硣
ӵӽŽ飬ʿԭЪϢԶɻްżʶĿӶɾĪĹ֮У֪Ǿʹ˳ţҪʲô
һûлͷӦĳֳֹһλ˵˭ˣ
ŵôԣлصͷһԹȻ𣬷޷޲ƽغһ˵ӣ˵ǳǸӣǰ׸ԾӣĴҡײƭݺ࡭ڸ״ҪӵĶн¶˴һơʱȻһ˵ʮɾľծ̫ԩ
һĬȻת˫ƿ͸һУʵ㵵͸߷ίһ˿׽ЦݣֵӱҲᣬȴˣ
ɫѿȻԶԡԼǹǸӣ찡˭Ƕˡ
䣡
ڴʱԶһ޴ĺ֮ɲǣɽȸ΢΢ͻĶΪˣ
һüһȻס˴Ƭ̣ɾб䣿
˲ӵ˵˫˫һ˽ǰ˵ǰβǷ̽
ͻ״һĸֽƴԽʿѼֲ֣һࡣҵĳɫɻ󣬱˴֮漴˹
һأԶз֣ȴʱߵԣ˵˰㶯޼Ҷԭǰ±һأѰ
޼ң
һӣԷ˵޼ңСԣѱǰշɾ֮һ˼Ѱɵ۴е䣬ҵȲֵڶ
һҡͷһʱ˵𵽴˴ɺϣħڵ;С
ӽ˵֪ɾ֮ʹо߷壬ԾŹжĪ޼ڳѰ֮ʮǰӴ˻ȥŷ֮һɴ˳ֶߡҵȱһ澿ȴԿǽ죬˵Ǳｵ֮סһ£˫͸ֵϵɵ۴УͬСɣָζᣬƾֵѾϡӵܣص
׷鳤룬΢Ц˵ֵޱ֮ɵ۲ˣԴˣĳΪȻڳһ磬ȴڵ֮вӴ޽ֱ˫ʶߵһһǰһߡ˰ٿţ
ƽ˾иŸ͵²˳٣ҵڴ˹ʱΪʹ
ֱʱǼλ쾳ǰԼԶΪûһû˵ӽûᣬӵɻȴĹʡҵʿаλټĽɸ֣Խ޼һٶǶʤ
һ˵鿴Щɲħ֮ƽϣʱɾ֮вк쳣
ʷʢᣬȱϯ
һƬ̣˵ɵ۴Ǽ٣һԵҵȻˣǰȥһۡ⣬ٻӦ䣡԰գن£һӣת̤ն
״ڳһٶ˷׷ֱɾȥ


1123 ɾӰ
ʮת˲
ɵĸ߿֮Уһסȥơ
Զʮλʿһſǰ˺ȵޡá졢ļڴ£˻رܡ
һ˫֣ʮ˲ᣬԹ˳ǰİٶٽ궯ķ
׷Լӽܵһԣ˵ɴǰǧԭй·ʣȴڰ֮ǰ޼ҵѰ񣬲費ھݻ١Сǰ챨Ѷǰ󵢸ľŷ֮һѱ𡭡
һҵӵʾ⣬Ƴһʮ졣
λȻָ˳̬æĸָ߿ȴͷһתڨڨһЦ޸пظ͵£ʮꡭе˾ռҵ˾ҵԵ޵ֺĲɡҡͷԲԵǫϵˣиӲŽ
һ΢̣תǰָ̧üġ޵ӡǲۼʶȴЩĶ
ǧ֮⣬Ƭɽȣ˴СʯνǽҰֻǺڰҵ䣬һ﷽ԲƽΪĿζٶʿӰԼʱʱĹâ뷨֣֡
ʱ֮Уִ˲ƣ²
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ʮ֮⣬ʮλʿΧһ˶ȦӣʩһǧɴӣΪƹâ֡·ȻĪ⣬һʱѱߡ
ÿʮַ֣Ȼ°빦
ǺǣҵȺʱ꣬Űȥ߷壬ʵһ󹤷¶ţĿԴ
ɵ۴ڼǽȲδǰ˳ᣬָǺá
԰꣡ɵ۴зͬСɣϵҵֻ뾡Ϊڡ
˵λ޼ҵĳӡվŵ֮⣬λһλˡλߣһòͨһݲϣֱǵĻȨĿ׷ӣҵļ
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ڴʱֻһ˺ѷΰ֮Уʯоǻһɽ塭һڵʯϸʮɸߣʵĪ⡭ֻһõӰȻⷽҹɫΪһ壬ȴڡ
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ǧ֮⣬ӡ׷ԼӽܵͬǲĿȻ
һԱ˫ĬȻȴѱ⻷ơէһ㱼䣬𷶾ԡΪߣüǰԶȻһѾɵĽɫߣһ߹âֱȥҹ
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һȥɣص޷۹˵Ȼʹڳ˽һ˵飬߼ǰȥɾһ̣ʶе߱˶ʱϡ
ӵתȻйһ֮ĿáȷǳˣԳ֮
ʮλʿȻǰİ֮Уͻ״֪룬ȴӲͷƤȵֹֹ
һȥƲͣ³һ䣺ԷһɢȥȻδԱһ߽ǣԽҹա
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һȥ죬ʱĹѵƬʯصɽ֮СвǰӰ·ӭΪ׵ɫܰع˹֣кֲб䣬ԭֵѼ٣ҵȲרϤ㡭
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һƳӵˣһԲһԲֱɽȥ
ӳһԼߴͣһ˿졣δȴǴŻȨӵ˽Ƶסһȥ·
ͬʱ·ʯӵǿһˡ֮ǰٶʿط𣬾Ǿۼӵ˵ĲԶ
߳ӣǺ⡭
ʹ˸ɫĶʮλɸּ̱ǰȥ˫ǧɣ̱һ
ںڰ֮Уһ߽⻷ŵӰΪĿ
ӳ·Գתһɫػصһޱ֮мͳʹȻֵ˽Ҫͷ˭зǷ֮룬˭ָԿ벽֮⣬ɵ۴УԶйǰ֮ӡһ٣۹ӹˣȻֵ׼˴˿ʶѣȴ˽ŵĵزǺοأ
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йâһ¶Цݡ΢΢˵ͷٶ˵ת¿ȥ
һ䣬ӽɽǷƽء˵˴ڰͣƾǰߵִǣȻΪֻͫϳâܣɻɫ͸һȻ
﷽ԲһƬطӦΪɽĸڡɽѵ̴档ǰǧʯ֮УһʯԼԼȴʶ֮ͫ¿ԭһӰɢɷ˰ݣ֮⣬ɽлǲκε쳣
һפƬ̣ٴǰŽֽʯӵıԵǰͻȻԷȥ
ֻһ߾뵽ڵӰ֮Сűǡ䣡һ죬Ӱ֮Ȼ֮ɲǣŨصɷźȻڣ̶ʯ֮мֱϰɸߣֻȻһ䣬ƾջͬҹǳĻ棬ͬӰȴɱ桭
һһ٣ɫȻɷе棬һΪڣһΪףһܲ


1124 ҲҲ
Ӱͻ仯Ī
ɰգɷµſ
ǰ棬Сһһףʵкڡ˴ӦȴǬб
ĻɴСܲͼ·ָΪİ
˵棬˵ǳ¡ԶĻþǰΪǳз׵磬к˪ůɽӣлĮԭﾺ졭
һȻ񡣲֪ʵþһһӳʶһʱ֮䣬ˡԣɵͳ̫֮ؾħӡΪǿʽںˡ
ͬʱԶڶݵľȻէѡĻ棬ȻࡣĪ֮ʣ뽫¡ʧʧ
һ̣ӡȨӣӡӽܣֻ졢ƽԶ˽ԲԼͬһöհ׵ֻ뽫ӡ
һȻֻʶжһ漴ʧ١ٴȥվɣȻ޴ӡ˿ĲӰƬ࡭
ӵҡͷֻ֮̾÷ȴԶ龰
⣬޼һͬڴ㵲ѡ
ȻʧԵˣѲɡѲɵ۴жɿհ׵򣬺ǣתʵ˼
һֱһöƤܵγˮԳɽеӰĬĬкӵĻߣüʶ£ɫгɣȴְһ漴žĴ죬еѳɷ顣
״ֻͷһ
ӿһۣ˵ʥͺҲҲǹº
һ󻼵ûʧɵð̾һ
Ӵһ˦мȻƮ䡭
ͬʱɽ
ʯ֮ϣɷеĻӰ󲻹Ƭ̣㡰顱һɢŨڵȻӿݣ޼Ѱ
ǡڴʱɽܵʯͻȻը죬漴ӵ´ڳĵӰǷâӿһʮ޼ӵܵӰк°׷޺ΪĿ
һԳǳµĻ֮УȻѡͻĵӰʯһ㣬գ֮Ѷסǰҵ·
޺Ǵµһԣϴһ˿ľϲɽȵĵѲ˼ΪصĴ󷨣ֻΪҪͷ֡
İ֮УӻȻŭӣСˡҵʿ͵ɢȻǶֵļơ
ɫɷףǺ졣ö룬ϵˣ
һΧ׶༪٣
һز÷ԸԼµʮλ֣¹â˸Ȼ˵鳣һ䲻ɱݡͬŵʦʦٳֻɱ
ӺϣΪȻشһӡ
ٶʿѸԶǰ˲ڰаڳһɭϵơŽ޺Ӵ˴ҴҸ˭ֻܳӼкСȻѰ޼б޻Ψִ˴䣬תһΪʱδֻϧѾͷ۹ƳӣԵ֮⡣
Ӷ޺δתŭһЦ˵֮ǰѲһ˴ǿ⣬ȫʤ㡣ǲţ뿴ָ·ɽȣֵһı£ջܽ𣿡
񣬰һںȴȻգ˫߳һиʤδ֪
ɫڽ˵һ⣬ȴ١ضԴȻ޿֡ȴˣ±ı𡣱䣬ɴ棿ɾɵ֮λ롭
һв޸в²⡣ԷͼɡȻԤƣסɷѿ꣬ѵֻΪաҡͷŵֵлؽʳ
ɫһĮȻ˵ʵɾ֮ǲ֮ʱһıǷֻ㳲Ӵ˽٣ڻߡм۹˵׽һ٣Ϊתȥ
ͬʱ·ɽͻȻһ
ӡ˼ɣ֣һæѭ
ɽ֮УʯӵĲԶһɶҷ޷Զ˫΢΢Ѫ⡣ܵʮ֮ڣһ˵ɼĽɫâȥɣѵĲ㽣ӰԾŤζ羪ŭˣ֮ķâɱڷӿȡŰ񡣶ɵ콣֮⣬ǸΪĵɫ⣬ǰ˺赲ֻҪֳ׵顢ɡᣡ
һ˫ּӳ֮£п֧Ƭ̡Ի˿ֽס޺޺һ
˵úã³ѹֲĶԭԷǽԴ
˵رؽƣв󷨻Ǽֲ¡ǡӰԳȻ֮¸ͽ˷ʤ˵Ϊ֮ǿ֮ȻѡԼϼ콣ڰæ֮شվ˽ŸȴΧ
һ̧һڡ
ǧ֮⣬λ߷ķ޲ɫӲɢ£ٲȻһڵĸˡ
λ߿ǿȴЩ鶯ԵЩͣµĻūһޡǲ²ǷƺĿܣĶˣȴԾף
쾳˿ܣһ붼ţλʬߣĪǱǾ̣
׿ᣬӵľϲΪɶĳΪУĳҲɱ޼ӵܡʹ˽ҹ˭ı䱾
䡢䡢䡢䣡
ת֮䣬ǽ촫ĵɫĽ⹥ƾˣѷֱƽ˰֮ڡ콣󲻿ظҡҡ׹ڼ
״һͫһ
ƴΪԼǵзκһ˵Ķ֡ټΧʱзֺĴ⣡
һ룬һֻ̤Χƾ⣡һؾδƣĵն¡֮ɲǣһĪĽƴͻĽƣǡ޵ʹһʱ޴ѡ
ộôɱ
һڰ;Ȼӳ˫䣬һķٿȻķ֮˲䣬һץ֮ڵ֮Ȼһ䣬նȻѳĻڣ漴¡¡էǰ˵ʱû֮С
ߣȻʮҺΣ
һ裬ȫη壬ɱĴʢһ̧һһ̫֮кͷȻһŴĿĹâŨصѪ
ڴ˿̣ܵ콣Ȼ
һָһ㣬߳ѪɷΪħ֮ԩꡣ


1125 ֮
УŹâʢƵѪɷΪŨҡǷһϺڵѪգ͸Ĺâɱֻķͷţ

һ죬غ΢΢һɲǣѪȻըǡ챻ͱ˸ɵ̰һкХʤ׻ƿնŰɱƵ֮ƣ͵سķŭȥ
֮䣬һΪʼķٳ
λߵΪֶȴʼΨһԷͨƲɵ˼æ߶Ӧԡ
һ֮һʽͨޱɾľ磬ֵ֪
䣡
֮УǼľ졣Ѫɷ׻⵹ɣλ߲оκ˰ĹƣһȥڴʱһεĽֺȻ漴Ī˷ʹáĿΪ֮Ȼһ١
һλ쾳߾
һ裬˫üһŭȣηˣ
ϵ²޶ֻǧɵڣλߣԶްɵɽĪǿա
һһҧķȻһʱĽ֮£Ĵ֮

ǿƮ죬ȥ硣
һħԴǿ֮УʱȥǰӰʤλˣһڡ
ת֮䣬˴ٽһͣ˲ŶڵȺ
ʤƮƮַ룬΢ЦһкǺǣȻΪãݷ֮죬Գҡ
ȸŵ˵ͷ޵˵ѰĶݷȴΪУΪϵʵ곤Ծӣ;нһֵܣ̸ֹ͡
ڳһʾ£תˣǲмλϻΪӡ
һվΣһЦΪҲһһʱ𷽲űƴδЩλˣĪС״źá
ʤһǫʶȤãŻЦʱգϵܱض߾ϣ֣ΪȻ񣿡ûһ׽һˡ
ں飬أԶߵߣҲ絽һ̣һ·𣬲λᲢۡ
ʤһͣЦá
æԲ˵ѣΪˡ粻ȴǰ֮СںĶʮ꣬ϤڵΪ֮һʱ˿̰οһ䣬Ҳʵ⣡
תȴǲٴɫؼλ͵ҲͰˣʱգڶֹǰкԳƸˣַףһ˿įֵƽѣ㲻
ĴƽΪסǸΪˬ岢պգֻϧһ䣬ǧΪңԶĴ˵
ʤһЦпҡͷԸ£軰˵쾳ɷۣǱѰÿһ㣬ȷ֮ѡڵС֮䣬һ֮ȴԶǲȻΪԶŲ֣кڵǿȴ޼أɴ˿ɼһߡ
ˣǶУȺ󡭡Ȱ˰֣ʱһ䡣ټƴݷƱѿյĲ졣תһʵϵܣΡ
˶ĹһһЦڶ쾳飬Щ档ʤ˵Ӧòɵ۷塣ɽһ㣬ǸߴǼѣʵһ綼Ϊסȥᡣ
һʻ׶Է⡣ҪӦɫһɱ֡˵һ̧ṳ̋ȥ䶪һ䣺ѣĳһ
ˣ
һգһˮէȻ䱻һ̤˾šһͻĹâŤ̶״һӰٿȻʧ֮˲䣬һңԶǼʡ
ΣʤȻʧ̧һ̤ȥĶݷԶŵĸ˶Ϊ
ͬڳԶĿѣ̾ǷԶŵĶݷӦĴɣǺǣҶϣƽһЦϰˡ
һʶ꣬ԴǼֲ֡ȴͷ˵λ؆£һѣҵԹۣߡһӰͻȻһ漴ϢԶȥ֮죬ǰĶݷѲͬն
ʤ۹⣬Ȼǻ֮ĺΪ
Ȳ˵Цߴٵ˴ɾԶ²˳٣ȫȥһӣԭʧȥټʤҵȥ

ɾɽ֮С
һıհɣԴԴϵķкܵǧ֮ڣѪɷӿ׻󡣼һȴεĽλֵĺ֮£ʩչΪߣ֮£ͨϻȻǽý˲ˣʹһѵľأ
ߣרΪĳµһƣ
ɾ֮޼ұڴ˾Ӫ󣬵佥Ϊ½ֻ֪ҪĳŷȻмơӵĹǰǿĪĽںټĴ쾳ĿܣԼдٸ֣һΧ㽫ڽӡ
˻ۣǰԤѣǺƣȻˣΪĳҪִ
һһüĵӡ΢΢ٴμӳͨȴһ
ͬʱ֮ս
һΧĴˣʹ޿̡ʱĵȴηڣóһԵʾ⣬λصʦԳɲ˲࣬ҵ˵
ʮȻɳֱ޼ҵϮȥͬŵʦֵȻ֣ӵڳ˵򲻹˵ǿλ쾳ĸˣвؽ
ӼһӶˣ˿
СӣȻĻԵκʱ˲ãնԸģɲǻš
ӿɽеΣĶһҡֱϣƻһ̧һ㣬ȵУֻһʱ̣󹦿ɳҲ
һƹâת˲Ѻبڰ֮С޼ҵٶӵɢ֮ʩչΪ
Էзʾغ֮ƣơǲŽʮ鳣ڼ֮ٿȻһϣ漴һСɽľʯź˵ĽֱǰȻȥ
飡
һ֮УƷǷľʯȻ͵һ١֮ɲǣһǧɵĽڰлȻ֣סĹƣͬǽһ㣬ӵɽһࡣ
ߣ޼ҵ޽᲻ɴݣԽ׳ذ벽
ӶգȻ
·ԶٶӵʩչΪǰɣһâ˸Ľ֮ǽǷȥǹĽɫʯԼյɫ㵵ӵˡ
ΪѶȻ¡һַ룬һ˦䣬ҪɽеΡת֮ʣü΢΢һʣס̧ͷȥʱɫȻ
֮ǰаףֵ˹ͷ֮ɡ


1126 ʵ
˫֮ʣͻȻķ֮
ӵ˽вһ̧ͷ
һķף·Զƽǰһ˲ȸĳн洫
ɲǣɵĸ߿ͻȻһĹâ漴΢΢֮䣬·ɽȺһյĳеһͽ͵ֻ֣ն˶һޣڴһ˲֡ˣһ죬ǡĴݣߵس⣬ųžʹ˴ơ
ֻâ΢΢һ٣ϵƴԲǧΪ֮һ֮ͬʱһӰȻҷ磬̣˫磬ɫа񡭡
һħ𣿷ѱϷȥΪǿ󡭡
ڰգҡΣǺȻʧɫ˲ö룬𣺡סֻȥħΪǣ޵͵³һھѪ˫ַ衣ǵǧɵĽͻȻ˰εط漴顱һâֱǵӰȥܹһ񡭡
ͻһһס¡ҴҿʦӣԷͬɫãȻһ߷һλɷΪβʦʦĵ
¶ϲɫеλӵܽͷһ񡭡
һħ֮ʣһ̧ۣһָ֮Уһɵľ޸ͻȻ˺ѺڰȻŹâһѸһƬѪ⣬Կɲŭ¡ķڵ˱ʱһ굴ǵľؼ͵ը

ӵĽδѪ֮ºȻ޽֮޵޼Ϊǿͨ˵Ĳһ䲻룬׵֮£ǱŰɱǿķ֮ϮҪܣȴΪʱҺһ㵹˳ȥڰգǡ顱һ촷ۡ

ħѪ׾ٵԼ޽ƣ·ɽȣȴ;һ٣һ죬˺֮ǰǵνƣԸΪ֮ƺХȥ
䣡
ħӡ֮޿赲Χһһλ߲Ӧ䣬ѱѪɣһ춯صĺɽǼӲĹȵرһĹֱ֣ȥǧɣ̴棬ֻһ쭺ķ
һıǿڵתһɲǣƳ˫Ϯȥֻ׻һɽȶ
µλ߼ȥӦսԼͬתӣ˲Ӱ١
ͬʱһħٿһ뱾϶ΪһλķƳһۣδ׷ϣǴһӣȵߣɱ
ɽɱδڻ졣һƬâƾðٶӰʥȺð׹ҶïɫãȻūɭϵ˵˷ʮˣŵһޡ
ʥò״һ¶ĻᣬݵشȵɱԱң漴һӣٶ޼ҵˡ˵˷˷ɢķתۼѳɺΧ֮ơ𲻿ͬʦֵٴδ߶ʯ
ӣ޼ҵļɾǰһλѾõûо׳٣ûб׳ĺԣûüôϢˣ
ӵޡáļҵˡ˭뵽˵Ľپ֮죡һħ𲻽ɱһλ쾳ǰƵöܶӣִٶɵĸ֡һѲתĻս֮Уļҽɴ˶⡭
Ȩӡ׷
˾ʹ޼ҵ̾һ֮ʣϣۿɱ¾ٲҳɣæԽڶ޼ҸԸ
Ȩ˶ʱѹһŸߺһͬԴ뽵
״ʥһЦͣʲȻԼҵҳϡܲҶʤֶֺΪأ
ӵ˵Ĺһ٣һľϡֻԷͳڼɴ˶һԪʼض£
˲е޺
߰λʿۼʮһУȴҷб𡣳Ⱥ޺ΪĿ׷ңĿѣʹСС
ûϵ֦ʱһ䱾ȴֳ̾һַ밺ͷ΢΢˫ۣͷһɬΪĻΪ־мӣǶʥ֮˵ҹͬ಻ɡˣ£˭˵ֲǻĸԴء
ȨӵҵļЩ֪룬ֻ
ūһ˽֮δԭ¹ͷһظʦԶУʹ档ŭʦ䲻΢΢һϸ˱ʹΪΣ
ҶïūĲԶػ֮޺񣬱ҪȥԽѵ˵˷ȴһǰͷ߳ݵ񡭡
޺ӱɾĸֵסȥ·ͣ£ȴȻ壬ָһ±ӰСȻǧ಻ΪҪɱ㡭
һԳԶ˼񶾵Ѵ˶ߡüһתŭ˸Ǹ׼޺ӳȵӾȡϧ޺ӸΪУһ̣ȴζɱ㡭
Ȼˣ˵ְ޺ӵһ˫Ѫ˿ҡһͷҵİ׷ƴָһ޺޽еԸȥԸҵȥС໡δ䣬Ǳʧ
һͷȴһ޺ӵĻΪô죬˵
ߣɱ⡣ǺǣǺ磡㼴ȡޱУɵۣʥߣķȴС˱ɫֻԻ˾ͷ޳ܹҼӸãӡ޺˴ŮǣһҲһ㺣Ϊ˶һɱˣʮ⣡
˵˷ɫΣһʱ֪Ǻáʩչ߱Сˣд˻ͷȥЩͿһأɫɱȴǻɢȥ

ǡڴʱȻֹ˵˷δתǱ˴˶һۣ׿ȥĬȻ
һӰֱֱ͸ϸ˵ӣ漴Ѫɣ۰׷мڰƵ
ߣ˭·ϣ˺
һɲǣ޺ʮ֮⣬ֳҶïӰūһ°ͣת׺ݿ޼ˡԷɫһһͷرܡԳĿϵһС
ūǵӶ̧ۿԶɻʦôˡ
һɣȴ̧һֻʲôȴͣڰ;꣬һ˦䳭󣬾ǳһͬʱһŮӵЦͻ
ǺǣСˣҲʵ


1127 ˵»
ЦᣬƷ磬ĺסǧ֮ǸŮӣѾֻ֣ǲ˷ˣ
һ̣˽ѭȥ
ѴĿƬ̣漴ȻҡͷǲǾʥŮ˭ˣ粻ĵʱ򡭡
ȨӵλЩң˴㷲
ӵӡվһͬءʥȥһ˫˵˷ԴȻǿ˲
ŮӰƮݣȣɴѼݡһ˹ڰ֮Уǡţӳֻɢ֮⣬ʹ˽סΪ֮ͷһ
Ц֮ʣһתѪ΢΢꣬㡭ǾʥŮ
ʥŮأԴЦصǺǣƷвˣȴǲֺ֪ʡ
һˮüͷŮӿİ
ʥŮҡҷֵ֮ͫ£ҼһƲҡרעϵˣϵ˴Щŭֵ㿴ûС
ߣ
һ˫͵رϣ漴ٿȻ峺ȴ˼ŭ⡣
ͻȻʥŮʢ˵Ľ񣬷ǸӵĪ⡣֪ԼڶԼ鿴ΪȴⲻơһʶԼĻͫԼȻɴ֮µһ
һһ߳ݵ÷ڿƵСˣĸƺңĪǲСо
ʥŮһŭΪ裬һ֣ƮȻǰ˵޺úð㻹浱Լޱ֮һԶµɵۡ
ɵԾӣһ΢΢һϾ룬漴ͷһݡŮӵΪʤ֮ϣԵΪǿһ֡˴ңңţǧɣǴ֮
֮غĴǧıڳ֮У㿴׵һˣֺ֮ٹ֡ʥŮưǰʮɣǼһڳֵļƣͣ˵ȥҲͰˣȴ޺ӵŭ֮ԶԣɵӰмɱڡòȻˣɵʤһһ٣٩СѾͷȻɶƶˣȴװɺģʦͽ
ŮӶԵɵۼΪϤһĬȻһƳ
ūҴҵͷȥȻ鷢ңһҿԡʲżʦ޿κΣΪӣӣǺ㰵дǡ˭صľٶȻӲǸŮӵһ˫ۡ
ҶïΪȻزһɱ˾ɱˣأ
һ
ʥŮǣһ٣ǳһȻ̾ʱϡ˫ɣӲ޺ӳ겻ϣȴȻǾǱȴɢ˫˫ɱǴ㲻ѭӦ
һֻͷ£һɷŮ˵赭дȴ京ϲ⣬νҪ޴粵
ʥŮɴ֮£Ȼɫһ˫Ц⣬дż˸У˵֪һĺƵŮΪɱ޺ӣɱ޺ӣ塣ֻֿŮӣһǰˡһĪĺơ
סڣ
һŭһ߳ȵڴˣĪֻΪŪѵ׷ʣǿȥ
ѵʥŮһ䣬ɫڴһٿЩʧҡҡͷԹ⣬˵˴˵仰ѣѵҪֲɡ΢΢һ٣Ȼɴ͸ŷְȻһЦֵҲɱˣֻ
ǡڴʱԶͻȻâ֮˲䣬ȡʤһƮƮĪ⣬ʹ·˽ǰݡǶĸˣλ
ʥŮ۹һƳǻ˺٣಻ˡ
һδλ˵ĵһֱʥŮһһԷ̬죬ɱͻ֣Ȼ˵ҶԹδˣߡֱһ̧೤Ľâ֣һȣŮ˻֮ס
ԶǲŽӰᣬֱһ⼲۶
ڴ˹ͷʥŮһһƳ˵оڵһգû˷죡Ȼ㱾𣬲ӮתһЦָϷŰҡֺαصء仰δ䣬ӰٿȻȥ˲䣬ȡʤѳɺΧ֮ƣȴʧ١
ףŮӵķҲ
ΪȴǶڵԲһҪ߳һ
ʥŮߣգձɱ
֮Уλڶ̶̵Ĳ̳һֳֽɫɱɢ
ϵܣҵһĪ֡
ϵܣݷ֮죬Ƕڵĸƥ
һʱǰ
λ˵˽ǰɫػֻﲻһһһ˦ʧԶбһָۣ̬˹ʾ£˵ʥŮбûסҵȲЪϢһмƽϣ
ʱ˸˹ԵʦԼڼ
ʦʦ
λǰ
˵𣬵ʦƣ
Ⱦ絽һ
ŶϵܵķȻѰ˼ţԵǺǡ
ڼʤ˶ڣΪȻ̧һУ˵˷˹ʮλ˵˽ǰּΪʾҵɲӽ󣬽Ϊһ䡭
λֵܴ˵֮ʣһתȺ
ɽ֮УȻŻһʱ԰ʥԾŷŵľٶȦɵ㣬ʮӭǰ˵ɱηƾ£Ҵǣû˽֮ǷϣԲģɷ硣
һɫ˰˵ҴȥѰ١ЪϢһԺзԸ
ʥһȻЩ⣬ȴֲҶʣֻôɢȥת֮ʣǳ־λɾֻɱգߺߣ
İ˼ʿԭ򣬱˴˽޷һΪӣһӵˡ
ūƮȻԶԶͷȥ˵ʦūţ»ء»ءҶïͦŴ׳׺ݵģһգȴ͸żĪ׽
ҵã»ء˵»أ
һУһ仰֮󣬾Խūǰ
ʦ
ūȻת̴棬ȴСЦ绨һԵǲһ֡
һǰȥԶ۹һɨͣ
뻪ȨӵλһԽڶһɫع˵֡𣡡
һδ𻰣һ֣һ˿ԳɫҡҡͷΪƿأھһӦʵ֮ڣĳĳʲô


1128 ʼ
һս󣬰ȥʤջȥεľûʲôͬһ
ʥŮ¶ˣĹӵĹ֯һ塢һֻΪ˶ԸһˡǸʱûйһķŭʧԸ߸ϵ̬ƵЦƮȻȥյʤߣɰӮָ֮䣡
оڵһգû˷죡Ȼ㱾𣬲Ӯ
ŮĳԼ޷Ҫ˵İˣ䣬Ψһ滰һͽڿ˶Էֶ룬ֻһĵǳһָΡ
һɽ֮ϣһϥĬĬ
·ɽȵʯУʿӰûԶķ֮䣬ͬѰ١ò׳һԶţ˭зջ񡣶ɾ˹עҪֶ顣
ʱԶλ˵
ŮӼÿ죬Ȼ
ԲʥŮΪȴ˵Ķ֡
˵棡ûɱԳ󻼡
ֵĻ޵֪֪ˣһսʤ֮˼С
ҵȶԾ֪٣Ҵӳ顭
ߣҪȵʱڼСʹǳƽһʰ񣬾ɣĳҪǷеĳһ˶ϡ
ЩסʤһתֵһǰԣΪ֮ҵȻһʥŮдϢ֮ʱҴ
Ƭɽ֮ϣһλ֮⣬ūĬĬһԡ
ūʦ̧ۿȥʦѾգʼռĬȫ޴ʤɷįį֪Щʲô
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һˣûĶ˵˴̧֣صĳ£ʼա
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һתڳļ˽ԿԼüһ΢΢ҡҡͷ򣬶ǽԵλɼľȣȲ빼ˣֲԸίԼýξԳ£˵һֱôԸ֮ǰλ˵䡭
ڰ˿ˬʾоϣ޲
ʤһЦӦϴ
һ˵ɵ۵ĴУν־ڱصöֶΡ֮ǰʥŮȴԴֲֻᣬܲĳɡ
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ʥŮĻȻӮҵȴʱóȻǰȥȻΪ׬һڣԷֹ˵֪ʮ٣ΪǰҵӮɣζպʤ࣬пɼƽϣΪšһתʤֵһλĪĸˣΪλ֮ϡ
ɫһ΢΢ݡʤʧڵĸˡ
λ۶ϣɡһ϶һ䣬˵ϧұΪãһ֮У·ӡ
üͷʵɿģ
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ȴҸ͵ϵܵĶݷ򣬰Ȼ¡һԵʤԷЩɲ˵ѵиˣӳƽϡ
ΣûһսʤĶ֣Σսǡ
ڳʤһۣתһʵ֮⣬ıиˣ
ˣҲŲ⣡һ˵ͷ
˼Ƭ̣оһ˵Ҹĳʵ㵱ʱǱ𣬶壬еǸһս֪һδ飬ʻȴ⡣
ĳȱһս֮£һһ֣ɫݡλ壬ɾԲΪʱ˵ʤ֣ء
˱ãںƷһ׮£˰֣ɱ˵˵λˣ಻СɵΪ֮£һսҪ˭δ˵꣬ŵطԸѰһаãֻҵɱ
˵ǧڻҪִǰʤȰ裬ɫءһսʤδ֪Žʵľ˺ûκΣ
һȴɫȻҪסڣסǰһηսдʣֻǲԸóȻ°ˡһʱգǡý񡣲ʲô콵ΣһսΣֻǰˡ󲻸

Ͽ֮У̶ɱһŨšʮȥһա
̶֮⣬ϥһλһλˡǰľ峤ϣֻʣ͸λĵѸȥ

ҴӾſյܣס̾һڴʢһǰɣֶľηֻСǰҲеȴԡﻹǵ壬һȺŷͼڵʿˣԼֺء
뵽˴⡣Ĩ˰Ѻ룬Ťͷ˵͸ʣ£ȥһ˶ӣ
ʮ⣬ģݵİ͸أԶš˫ۣʵϺβȥ
ҡҳ£˵Ҵһʼա
͸ЦЦ˵ǰػ꣬νʼաµȺǧأǣ
˵ȴֳŰ͸΢΢һ꣬˲Լͬתǰ
̶֮ϣʮŨ³ת֮ʧӰƬ̣һͳĳӵƴ΢ȴδʧŨͻȻٴӿֱϰգΪˣ
֮ɲǣɵ̶֮лȻðһȻɣƬƬķŹ⡣֦辣˫ӣţ룬ţ
͸ʽĿѡǡף
׸̶ڣĬĬ͸ʣ˶ѪоŽ䱸ɫδȻſһ£ȴһҵĻ棬ź˵ƺХ
͸˫˫ɫһ䣬æطһƵĻǧɣ漴ٿȻɢ֮СʯԷ촷ۣ
ҡ£вме⣬漴ֳĬĬо͸ܡ֮ת̶ɵţһȦһȦֻΪеһӰػ


1129 컯֮
޼
ͷĹ£վˡ
Ϊ׵ǸŻ۵ӣ˫֣ɫȻһǸİӣʮģһλ׳ʹη
һλǰ˼ԭòõĺ֣΢΢ӣű΢ֺ̬õĿС˵𣬲СƬ̣ƾơޣ˴Ȼʲô̧죬æͷ̵̻ФȨӷǰļɻ䣬ô򡭡
ФȨӣ޼ҵĳϡǰˣһūҶï
ФȨԴӱ˻֮󣬿νظֿһԵ꼰ʶһֱϲǲΰûʧ˭޼ҵĴɱ޺֮󣬾ȻҡһΪǴפޡǺųϱһ֪͵Ĳʹ˭ԼʶأʹöΪ֮Ȳѡ
ҵʿ˵󶼻תȴȻ˶ʮλɵĸ֡ټɡ˵ȵȣҪưúʵס
ФȨֻԼӣæʵִ˲ƣⲻݰٹܵԳͬһ
ûпˣֻƹĵͷһԲҿżʿ;˴ҲǴҴһرܡʯĽֵϣ塣
һ¿ϤĹЩȻڵĳ֮£һ˽֮ءѣ
˴ᴩ⣬ңңԡǽˣе֮㣡
˵˷ԼʥˣѰɽˮ֮ذЪӵҵļµĸ֣޼͡
һλˣϵһŲ֮šħǱ޹޷ͼ徲ˣʷūҪûһһʱ𣬱ŵںй˰£;޼򣬻ؾӵ˵ȴһФȨӡ
ФȨӣĳ㣬Աɣ
һ۹ФȨӵϣЦڰ֣תѭŽֵǰȥ޺ˣĶԹһʹӳ޼ҵļǲԸ̤޼Ұ벽Եɣû˵
Ǻǣʧ񡭡
ФȨΪһ˵ǿ׻ŵͷǰ·˭һСɽӰŵæǵͷ£侪͡
ˣ
ǡڴʱӳ׳Ȼ°ػŰӴȥֻ׵˵Ҫ⣡ˡ
ФȨھǰȻδ˵һɵǰøָͷԼ̻֮У̧ҪлȻת
Фϣ̳Т
Ƭ̹󣬾ƹǰФȨӼӰȥԶֱӣץԷеľ̳ӣͷݹڣ漴һľǰ£سһھָ˳̬ѹ۹б˵Сϵ÷ŵĸˡ
ƹǸ𵤵ߣЦ˵ڳ᲻ϵá
ФȨӽ̳ӡžһϣ߳ΪСУФĳĽ顭
ƹԣֻ˵ͷӦǡ
ФȨ룬ڻζʲôҫį뵱꣡ФĳһͶԵֻϧɵ;
һ˫֣´ݡǸ۶ʱʱͣ£ȴūһԵٽǰС
ʦԵáԴӣ
ţƹȴѲˡ
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ȥǡ
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ʦʲŵΪȤŮ˽֮
һͣת۹ūϡһͭСɾӡԴһ£ʵã
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һЦҡҡͷ̤ջ𡣲֪ΪΣͷһв룬ֳ·˼ݵءͷջǴǰģȴЩʲô
ϣһŻǳաһ͹ʯ֮ϣĬĬӰԵɫʯйꡡ
һūǴӿնͬʱ˫ۡеʾһʯҶСɵľ缸ԲһʯмƮ䣬ֵܷ顭
һƮȻڵĽǰ΢΢һЦ̧һףٿ龧ʯɳԷĸοصͷһѽʯչУɵϢ
ϵܣ˽ʯ֮ࣿ
һʮʤ˵áƮ˹ȥԷһԵȴɫŹֵ˵Ǽãڵá
һһЦ˵ٿ龧ʯٴγ֡
ϵǸԣջʶһ°Ƶı¡ʤ߲ܣ޲ڡ˾ʯ֮ȴҡͷ˵ȱµ¶ǾΪ뵱꣬ҿɱĳ˺ˡ
һ˶һƲƲ죬תߡǸɱϵͬˡǰλȴԵ񲻼аֵĽȿеȱָܲĳ˰ɡ
ūԭصȺ򣬼״ŵһʯ֮ϡ
һΣ°ϥǲ÷Ըգ۷Ȧ֮С
ūһ飬ȥ
һΪȻҡҡͷ˫Ŀ΢أһתѵһ֮С
ūһԣȻԵá˷УʦʼڳԼΪȴºҹػֳСһˣӡ
ؽ磬ֵµ֮ϣһıԪھĿ
ʱħһ֮ءȥ˵Ǵģ
֮ϣ黯һ˶ĹâٲһգɢƹԶҫķ֮£Ĵغǹ䣬ʮ̥ɣ˻Բ״ɽʣݺᣬٲȻǳ龰ʱգ˼ؽ
һֽ磬ֻѭ֮֮֮档Ϊศɣɳơ˵ǧʥȻ컯֮ܣȻãѳž֮ʣǿԿٵأ
˷а֣֮ĳԴɡ
һ֮Ըʧ䣬̤ǰڼפ
֮⣬ԶһӰǿеħ𣬶ħӡӡһȫ޽չΪ֮ƣҽӡһ죬ȫӦյĶս
⣬ħӡʽȻ֣в֪Ƿͬջ񡣶ɾ֮УһͼȻĪѰλ̡
ڴʱһɫ΢㵡ôˡ


1130 ںδ
ǿ֮УԶԶƮһӰͷ׷ȫյĹһ¶ϸˣĩ·ǻ
һӾ˫ۣԵūСʾʦǾĻţ˳ӽ㡭
֮⣬λ˶ɡʤڷɫ⡣ڸδ˷ͷƤ̧һ¡
ͻȻϸˣȻǾĻţ
һ΢΢üͷһ˦طȵӺڣǷղΣȸʵػ
Ծţ漴ǰ˿ȴδǻǰżֲ飬ǿѾͷӣẦһֵɷ貽˵
˫ǧɣһˮ
Ž˵Ҵָʹ˭ʥŮӡӡ̸ɴ࣬˼յĺ֮硣
һȥһ٣⡣
Ÿͣ£ȴǺһ˵
һĬĬŻţ꣬˵תȥδԭ֮ΣʩʩȻϥǳټΪտšǰǡΪһʯӵڣǳʮɷԲһɺԵĳȴµĳΨǳǳޱߵĻ
ʯӵĶ档˵ľٶԶλĹʡūƬ̣漴ʵʵԭء
һ˵۵°ڣ˵һ˼縺УһһͬŮӣȻͬʱ˴ô͸һ˿졣ƽȻǶԻŵĴɡ
ųԶƳһۣתһ֮һԼӶ꣬ɫпȥǸΪսķСûҡһΪɾĸ֣һͳʮ򣬲۷֮ƣȻôᣬһ޿赲
ҡҡͷʵвͬҪӺ𣿡ԷһƲ¶Ϥε顣̾˵ˣΪĵһ׮£ȹ˽ɡһ٣Ǹ˵ʥŮʮ꣬ʼղЯڶΪˣҴ仰ᣬ
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Żһ˵ǰͬо仰Ҵ㡣˵̫ԶԵ̫̣

һ˴΢΢һִ̧˻ţһ˼
˷򶯵غĹζžĴʥŮֻ赭дشһ仰ڼһвδϡ֮ǰֿǸĻصŮӣı󶯣ʤδ֣ưոݡʷ췭ظ˵ĲʣգǺʱ
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һΣ̧֣˵Ը꣡
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һģȴǿǰĴΡǳƽвļҴ֮һֻ򱻱ģԾ֮Ѱҡʾ䡭
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˵ĳϴ
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౨
Ŷûͷûβһ仰֮˫ط߶ߣѾͷħˣŹ֡
һɫһȻȵ˵һ顭
һ٣ʾ˵˲ɣѾͷԣٱ԰գԷǿա
һͷһ־ϲȴζӳ¡
ǰһУϻ޼꣬Ѳֻͬʱɱʢҽδ֮гڼϾˡȻаʾ
ɷӵϣŹ޼һءֻһء֮⣬Ӵ޼޹ϸ
˷תСһʮ꣬ȴһ׮Ըݵ£ΪһӵŮС£ǰֻء
޼֮ʦ֮顣޶ߣûڻɽҰ֮С˲ȴһǰصȴǰԵ
һлӵĺǻмӣ֮ʣԴԶȥ
ٱ
糱ӿ֮ʣһͻȻɫ䡣ٱڣν
ʱȻԶȥ
һ룬һ̤ȥŭںδ


1131 Ϊֹ
ظϣͻȻһϺȡ
֮ɲǣǰƾðһӰ˫üɱǰĳνˡ
ͷһʧһԵȥ·
ת֮䣬ԼٴӰλ쾳ĸˣ
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֮䣬ңԶչ΢΢ҫ£һǡ˲裬͸һ˿˵Ĺ죡
һͫ΢Ͼˣ״һӣ˵ȥɣתʥŮĳؽŰݷá
Ŷһֹٲ˵ԱܹԷԶԶ
һɫкԶʤȡū˹һһʺ
ϵܣкβף
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ʤԼͬ˵˼Упԣ˼С˲֪һ˵ʲôֲɣΨиοȰ
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һ˫֣ĿԶԵ˼˵ĳһ·Ӳ˳˳ˮȴһ̻֮Ȯòһδ֣һδ΢΢һ٣תλˣֵĳоϣӲͷλΪѣ׵ͺȵū
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һתַףȻ˵ξϣҵȶ⣡ȥսѣսʤĳȫԸ
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ǰλŮ˵һ仰ʱУȥ
ū̧ͷԭʦڳԶ˭Զȥ
ʱ֪⡣ʧȥԼ֮󣬷򡭡
ūһ̾ʦϲôŮӰ
һԶջ۹⣬Ųĸп˵Ĵʦ츣ʦֶ˷ѵɡΪʦ㡭һһᣬʾūչܡ
ū֪ԼˣͷһůȦ΢죬æֽӹᣬ漴΢΢ȻֻʦȨԭɡ

棬̶
̶֮ϣһڣһХʹǸʱʱ֣Ϊ죡
̶ǧ֮⣬͸̧۴Ƭ̣˴һЦȻڴغȴòԶԵɣ֮ʡ
̶еԿǲȻſڱ³һٳĻ档ǿ֮ԷٽʯƲ͸ʲѰʿԴ˵ҲΪȻ
˲ȥȻŭ硢ꡢ硢ֳһСĶ
֮£͸ֻԶԶ㿪Ƣ꣬ǲá
伮أԶ޵츳ͨձ鵥һȴǻ࣬硢ꡢסһ֮֡Ϊǿ׵ȴҪСöࡣһйأҪ֪Ѫ֮аͨ
ĳǾ¡ĳŷȥһδתԻ첻βðر
̶ػ͸ʵλԹߡ
̶һڳ붨ľ˾ѪΪ֮һͷ̶СδɵϢתͬʱ̶еľ֮ӿڣ̲ſշ֫ٺ
ոһա긴һ꣬Ϊ뾫Ѫӯ㱾ţ˶Դ˻벻⣬ֻھ֮С
ƴ֮ټʮıչ̶죬һΪɾڵСɡִɡȥǣļ¶ʮ붨Ϊֹ
һ֮ʣ֮СĴ±͸庮ļӲ֮ƣȴΣ֮УΪʣһ֮С
˭
һ˫ۣȻһ˶ĴǴԼգ뿪һ䶯ֻͭӰӵǰ͸ǵ顣ףܵľһͷ֮ϻһɫ

һŵؾһǾ޴׾ȻϬػζ£һ󼱾תһз̤Хֱϣգ֮ɳ̶ɸ߿֮У̶һķ


1132 Ϊʲô
Ϊ
ƣΪ֮ϸܾޣֶܶܳ죬ֶǱԨСΣ֮䣬Ǳڲ֮ڡ޲Թֻ̺ȷǡ
ŵ伮ƣԶʥ֮һξƣ̶ͭƳ۰ʮһΪ֮оţ֮ɱ׶Ƕ飬ͷľ졣ƣβ˷磬ˮ磬ͨĪ⣡
Ȼ첻ɷ˼һΪУԼ޻ǡѪ֮Դ֮вһɳɾλȴȡ֮
ʱ֮Уȴһͷɵڷҡͷβķʱ棬ʱֽ·׵磬νǷƺˣ
Ϊߣ˷硭
һȵվ֮ϣȫ޵֮СŽܲѵǺЦɫο
ûǡѪǿ֮ΪѰɸ·𣬶ıδ֪˵ȴ˴ǰȴǼΪ鶯ԼͨˣмԼַ֮ͨɷ֮ſ磬ɷ׵ĳΡ
˷תٻ꣬ʹ˶ա
һһת˲ңң̶֮ϡ
Ͽ֮Уѻ˰ٶˡĳϴ˵Ӹ˹һɫöֳĬ͸ͬڳɲ˫˫̧ͷǰɵ̤ƣɡ
һӸ£Цݣ˵һսڵĳԸĳսߣ̶
ӦϿİ
һ۹ӹˣΪȻüһ˵Īܶ棬н˵תŽҿݷΡ
֮ɲǣڣһһֱʣ
ͬʱһӰɳϿȣҵ׷桭
ǧ֮һ龰
ص֮£ɽľɭɭԪ뵣νǱж죡֮УٶӰȴǰһΪ׵ˣͬԶ
꣬һ׿ҡʤȣԼڣҡͷ״
˵Ǹҵĸ֡˵˷ӡӡ졢ƽӡƽӡȨӣʥȵȣСһؿ־췴ûǴǰû˭а
ټһԵһӰ
ϵԣ˾󡣶Σʵϡ
ߣǰս飬󲻼ˣŪ顭
ʤڷɧһ˫üǳһԲһٶ˴漴ʱǰɡĪ˵ʥŮŵˣЩūûӰ֮䣬ߴ˵طд
һ˼Ƭ̣˵ʵһ̽Է⣡˵ȣݴԭ԰գֿ̧һۣ漴һ˦ǰȥΪ⣬ūѶȦ֮С
ʤᣬŷǰ
ʱĹ̴ת֮䣬ػȻ
ڿУһȥһйؾһֻ֪ѰԶһ߷ͻأδ룬Է˹ȥǸɢ⡣
򲻹ǧʶһɿءУ˼ޡһڣʥŮšӡӣԼٸɵ֣ȥ˺δ
һɻǰǵɵĸ߷֮ϡ۹Ѳ߮Ρ
ˣڱѰ١
һվȣĿڸߴƶˡ֮£ΨƺһƬɽʹǰȴʧʥŮһ㡭
˵֮һ˲£˵̫ԶԵ̫̣˵౨
ʱδǣ볾ӡӵĻǴ֮⡣ˣҪӣҪȥʲôط
⣬˵ڰԼĵĻУһ䰵
ӷ˹ȥΪβ˴ȥһ侪ĶǵĻ֪һʵŻһִΪӣҲǿ󡣶һΪҽʰǧȴ
ʥŮ֮⣬ȴǲսݡʼտݵŮӣһǹΪĸˣǷɣˣּɵ۵Ĵ롶ʾӦòһеĻԴ
һңԱ˫ۣǰּϸϸ룬˿ȡ֪ʤԹеçײҡҪ¾㱸һжˣ
ǸŮӼȻҪһսӮκһȡʤ˵ֻýֻ
һһϽ«𣬾ˮݺݹһڣδɫһȻ˫ۡ
ʮ⣬ããͻȻӿ˲䣬һİŮӴƸͬӰĹ죡ڣâһصķ󡭡
һһ˳Ͻ«漴һѪ֡
ϤİӰƻãȴüĿЦԼӰԼʵŲæؿ˵͵ŶʧԶӭˡ
һΪ۹⻷ܣδ쳣ŮӵϣȻ˵˸߸ϵľʥŮȴֻԪˣٽ跨Σǽ˴۽磡ĳȻˣкֶξʹδ䣬ڡʤѴԶٿȻԴ
ʥŮΣһŮӶѣ˶ڣǿ֡СŮӻ̻֮£ʵѽʥŮתĻ͸һ˿ȴǴ׺Ц״ҡҷɴ΢΢ƮĪɷעĿ
ۣˣһսһһ䣬ֵҪǻƣ㡭ʥŮȴʻ̧һ˫ӣ˵ҽλ쾳İ֣һˡµʹ뻨ūΪƽ˶ڣλ󡣱˴ǿ⣬սҲգ
ʥŮģ۹ȴһĨϷʵɫ֮ʱڶһͬڿһλˡ
ߣս벻սһһһ↪£һӣͱʵӺڣ
ʥŮɫһʧ䣬漴ִ׽Ŀ˵һ˺ûµӣֲ˶ʡ
һɣ˵ӲӣұȨʣҪЮؽ֮ӣ
ʥŮĬȻƬ̣Ǻ¶
״һʱǲ֪ǰŮӵΪˣԹĴ»汻ƭ˹ȥŭ㲢¶ǴװͿ
ʥŮ̧ḧɴ۹һĪζһʵ㡭˵Щʲô
һŭЦ״˸Ǻǡȥ¶塣ֻҪԷװƣԼûһ취ͷһᣬ˫üһ˵ĺƹɷѿĶԸĳΪʲô


1133 ֻ
һͻȻˡĺơ֣Զλңңɫ⡣ĺʥŮ䣿겻ԵծʥŮ塭
ʮŮʵΣէһкΡȻָգδȻʸڷϣ۹һʵԼã
һ˵ĺƣһΪĻŮޡ޼Һˣȴ֪ٳ
ŶʥŮ£˵Ȥ
һԹ˵֪޽ʼһĺƲһɢޣ޼ҵĲ֮أ
ȻˣνᲢۣʥŮﵭЦЦ
һ˵ĺƲС޽ϡԴ֮ڡܱ֮Ǵͨ󾳽߶ȴһԵʱͷɡҪ֪֮δؿ͸
һ仰ءŮɫɣ²ؼģ
һӭʥŮ۹⣬˵зʼ֮ԴΪ
ʥŮƫף˼
һ΢΢Ц˵ľԣǾڡĺǲ˭Ųɣ
ΪУΪ֪㡭ʥŮδ˵꣬в²⣬ɫһ
һ׶ŶԷ飬˵ޱɾ֮Уۼɷͨ˵ôڣȴʦΪƳ磬ͬľԾ֤һ٣ֵΨбԴߣԴͨʮ˾ĸˣʥŮȴǽеһλ㲻Ǹĺƣ˭°һ̧ƶ˵غȵҿɴٶټ
ʥŮԽҿɴĻţĬĬһ۹룬֪ЩʲôƬ֮תһ㣬̾һ֮ԲΪƾ粵һֵΪĺƣҲ
һʥŮ˸ʣɵĻʢԷǹ죬ӵİΣ˵ǣһտҲľһ߷ʵɻ޿κΡ
ŮӿѽΪһЦգϧ
һת֮ʣһ˵סüͷ߳䲻ϣȴѲС˵ĺһ仰ΨĺƱ˷֪
νĺһ仰ĺƿڴһΡ𡱵ĵʡƣڷʮ䣬ôһ˼ҡɻʮأδƶԸΪū˲ᣬΪһЦգϧ
ʥŮһ˿ĪɫһԹ˵Ī˭ĺƸӣʣҷ𣿡
һɫ΢䣬ס۹رܡ
ʥŮ滺Ļ꣬˵㲻˵ת˸ɾһ㻹Ǹ𣿵ĺڡδ棿кִ򡭡
һ£˫üһ俴ȥ˵Ů֮뻵ҵģ㻯ĺƵڣ
ʥŮһڣŭ֮ɫһȥŲмĿ˵ĺΪڣƹûʣʵ޳֮ҲʱȻɻܽһŮӵ֮飿
֮顭һǷһĨЦ˵һŮ˳ѻƪֺ֮飿
˻ʥŮЩ⣬̧ӡ
һɫ˵ʱգҷ֪ĺƵݡ˴޼֮ұѿľϲ⡣к֣ȻΪһ֮Ķ顭
ʥŮӻζ£ؿ΢΢ͼǵʵ㡭ο
ƣ
һһ̧֣һ̳ƣץ⣬͹ࡣƾ̳գȥԶ֮žһ졣ž˵ĳ˺֮ˣĳơʶÿһܲס
ʥŮԲɻ
ƣʮﲻͬﲻͬףصˮȻ죬ƵζȻҲһǺ߶Ʒζ𡭡һ˵˴һʥŮлȻһƲֵ㵱޼վƵƵĽ򣬶ǽںķ䣬ݵĳɣڸĳһ֪
ʥŮ΢΢ҡͷɫ
Ҫ֪ĳڳɣڸ꣬ѽͥƳ˸顣ʱĳɽٵĶ̫ǵýĹעʥŮŷȥѰĳɽȡӰ֮£ĳȺõվƣֻΪպãȴϳֱ㱻ʶơ
һ˵˴һ߰ӰٿȻһ֮УǷһĨЦһؿݻƵͣߵĴ֮ȻʥŮڴڷ֮ѰǸɽȡǰѻȥ˵±չصĶңֻ˲еһѾ̳ӡ
һ谡С㡭
һֶͣɫ޵ɫʵ޼Ⱥϵպȥ޼ң
ʥŮûб˵ҴΣЩȻһͬڿһ㣬͸һ˿εĮȻֵ꣬һЦصδ֪
ߣû£һòռϷ磬Ƶ뵱ɵкθϵΪҪǿΪͽ
˭˵ûУֻڶרһ˵Ԥ֪ʥŮһ䣬ȴտڲӣЦѽûˣ˵ɢ֣Դȴܾҵһ⡭һĨĺֵɵ󣬵Ϧ꣬ѻɢĺкζԹһС޹ءӡ
ĺƣʥŮΪϦꣿ
һʥŮ˵ֱ꣬һӣſڴϵ˵޹أתĵ£ǰɻŴݣҪ
֪䣬ʥŮƱ˸ˡ䲻ת飬Ī⡣һΪӱЩ۹к⽥Ũ˵ҵմӣ½֪ʱΪĵ£Ī
һص˵ͷ˵ǿΪͽգ֪ⲻɷͨǹذмӣҿǰػģС֮Ҳʱ˴񲻸ĿʾˣֻԻˮʯ
ⷬһǳɣһͷУ
ǺǡʥŮɷЦһӿŮӺǷʲôͷģת˲ֱѾõԹռݡ£ɴ΢΢Ʈ˵ҴӵɷԶԸκһλɾĸ֣˵Ϊǣ˲䣬¹âֵҪǵӣѡǵȴֻ´ӴĪν֮ԤҲ
һ۹ͣ˵кβҡ
ǰΪŮˣ㻹кβءʥŮһת˵ҿɲҶٸֵΧÿֻܴһˣǰ֮⣬뽻ϵȦݣͷ
ȦԼȦ
һɫ΢ס̧֡ڼµȦȻʥŮķۣһūٿȻһԶЩ֪롣룬Ĩʯ˹ȥ
ڴʱԶڼæʾɡ
ʥŮֽӹȦʯĮ˵пάһ̣ʱ򣡡һ仰ʧڷ֮Сڹâ΢΢
ͻ䣬һɫ
ʤȳ˹ϵܣȻֻա


1134 ѳ
һСĲǣƯڰ֮С
ĺʯ֮ϣһӰΪĿԶãתֳǽ˵ݡɫвᣬЦ£̫ԶԵ̫̣ԸǰԵ
ӱ˫֣Ȼⲽֹ̬յģ۹ȴ͸һ˿Ȼ벻е񾲡
ھЩʱӽԷܰŴһ£ȻĴɻ󣬻ǽȥһʵ档
꣬һԺСӣƾŽ𵤵Ϊɽ̤ݣĺӤһޣɾתսһʱ֮¡˺һɵѴ¡죬˽ȴͻݾһ
ΪһֶпѣΪļͲɣ֪һʱ𣬻⣬ӽһŮӵǰ
꣬һŵŮһλںˡһ
ǻԵɺϣһɾżһ־ûилĻɽ˺ĵıף˱ô֪Яֲ
֮˫˫ͷľԼһѪֻΪ˲ѵһ֮ȴٽһĻһƲл꣬
ٺΪӡһѴӾһֱѰҡȴطꡣȴǰٲ
ӽǸ¡һΣ鶯֮£ɵøĬĬ
ڳӱΪԼң˭ͬǸСӣⲻӡ֪һ·ΪסǧȴֻΪһˡ
ͣ£СӣȻ㣬ӱ˶
ڴʱһâԶת˲ֳŵӰ
ʰͷȻţ
ΣԻųӵһۣȻ˵֮գֺαضһء
ӲΪȻرǼһЦԵʶһٱ֮Ҫкѽ
Ѿͷ塭ŵ˳ӵĽǰżֺʣ´ʱɷʵָβܴԽ췵غģ
ӲŲæءšѽҲδҿ϶
ų´һۣεҡҡͷ˵Һò׽ж˾Ĳ£ԴӴ˱ʥŮȥû·ָ֮δš
ǰûŴ뿪֪޴ȥʼճѾͷ;ǰģʱΪ֮Ķܻعֺాأ
ʥŮ˥޴ãһ档֮ѹرաֹ飬ٳٲϵʵ顭
Ӽɫǣæı䣬˵л֮ʣ͸¶˵ԶУɿžݣ˴֮աΪ⣬תһ౨
ǻתӵǾ仰ӽ˵Ӧ֪֮ս޿ɱ⡣֮ʥŮԼĸ˾֮ʤѣؽ򡣵ʱ֮ӣѴ̰Ψ뿪Ƿ֮ءȻһȴͬҵ͹ʥŮֶΡʶĻҽճ־áԷˣΪϲߣ
̧һָʾӵл㰵ǣȻǱյķֻȥѰžңԶ⣬һպȻĿԼ⣬ǹâк࡭
Ÿ̧ۿȥ΢΢һ꣬ŵ̾ʥŮȻĺݡ
ӻԣʵʥŮẦӲɣմŶ
ѾͷֻùŪ飬βҽΪ;뿪˭벢ˡԹһ䣬Цֻεҡҡͷ˵Ǿգ˾ž٣ȴѹر֮áҪ֮ԾѪΪ׼һ;ȻǶ쾳ĸ಻׳ԣʥŮĪҪɣ
ѽǺáӾæߴٵţҿȥ仰δ˵꣬̾ѹգֻΪʱϧʱʣ˭ŻСһƲ¶⡣
µҲԹ㣬ʦΥŲδֳӣид˵һսڼ򲻿ɾѰӶȥԸ׻
ʦͽ˲ٶ˵ʩչݷԶĹȥ


ҵЮųҵĻХٿȻȥ֮˲䣬һʮĳգεΪ׳۶ƺˡ
ʱ˿̣һŮӿܹǵԷصĻ⣬ȴδȴ벽ֻѪɫɫƣ͸һ˿
ǰʮԶһƬڵĺкϵơһʮɴСĵطȴƽڣΪĹ졣Ǵ˴ȻǣĪʹ޴ӶֻƴΪ֮԰Ρ
ʦ˶ˣĪԤ֮С
µŮӲˣǴ޼ҷغַӡȻšһµĹ򣬺ò׽ӽաǰա֮ʩչͨԱ˭γ֮δѰʦ˵ľ֮ţķΪȴ֮ˮһȥɼѰѡյ³ΨкľΪ׹֮С
֪䣬ǰƶʮɡķкǰϢ͡ѱյǿȫȻ޴ΨеѴӾȻһ̾
ʦԣ˾ɷΪᡯ㽫֮죬ʦн˵ǧǧᣬ١ΨпƷܴ֮гɣ˷һ֮˵̣ǰΡǡֻһΡ
뵽˴ǳ֣ȴ޶˵Ц̣ΨԵĿɬ벻įʦˡᡯԢ⡭
ᣬƴ˽ᡣһʩΪؽݣ
ʦ㴫ڴ˷ȫް⣬ֻΪԸһѡһ֣ο֪㲻֮£õǰ֮š´ʱӵľѪΪѽľֺ֮ڡ
в²⣬ȴûϵΪʦ㾹˺ݶӦ֪ҵ֮գȴΪɷѿģ˴֮䣬кޣ
ǸȻ˵һвΣʵĴڣȴȥѰعȥ˭ϴ˷ʦھᡣֻϧ޼Ҵһѳ
Ұգط꣬һһǧ壬ٱ


1135 δ֪
ǿ֮У˲СǰһչҫĿ
ӣСġ
һȻһæҡżӦæһ͵ؽǰ漴һʮǶһ֮֡
ӾǳãȥǰСãڻŵһ·֮¸ϵ˴Ǿտ֮⡣
ɵѾͷŻȫ
һץסӼǰСǰ͡Ϣϵѹ籩ب赲ֻڶ֮ͣͣ
ʱٴֹסȥơǧԶһǡס˰ǿգڵȥ֮籩Хǳ龰εΪ׳ۣ
˿̧΢΢ݣ赲ܿһӣз֡һԵĳ֮ԶƬ̣ȵǡ
ʶɼյĳ֮УȻһɫӡǡҫߣƺӣԶԶȥΪ졣ڰӳ֮£һ΢Ӱ
ӣٻת
Ź˲ö룬æΪദ꣬һϳϤӰ
ѽᣬһѰɡ
⵽ԶΣٴʧ

֮ϣӰȡ˴ûкˮֻޱ޼ʵ档ֻһ֮ң
ڿǿʮ֮Ϊľǰκ˲֮ͬ䣬ǳƵжһУʮʮɴСǳīĪ⡭
֮ţ
ĬĬעǰɫ͸ĳ
ᡯ˵һдͨ˵ƽķšֻҪ˴ʩչؽؽƶľľѪΪֱտ֮š
ںӵһɣסҡӣٴǰȥҺѪȴܣƾһ˫εĴڽšԼڵУһ׵Ĵ죬ֻɡ
ۣ
һھѪƬͣ١Ӳĵػعͷȥ档Զǿ貣ޱߣ
һǧ꣬ٿۣȴηӰΪפƬ̣һĪҪҡ
ӻתͷѪȻ䡣䳤жһӨ׵ķ
ʹֻأ׷Ȼ
ӯӯɫ˲䣬ɼպɶȥƮƮ


һ籩էȻ˰Х
ɫ䣬æץԵĳӷɶܡƬ֮˻̻ͣ£ȲԶ
ӵӰȻ֮ǰһĿǾһУаɴϸԶԶȥһֻںڵĴڻз裬ɷǹ죡
Ӿʧѽûˡ
䷨ǶǰԸ֮£ȻĿ˾žŲȻ˵żȿʮ겻աҵȲȥֻϧѾͷв⣬ֵӣཻ̣˵ıݡ
۴ᣬԳԶʧ̧ã˵֪һתδϣôôͷʶĲѡأȻ˻֮ʣһʱͬܣ
Ǹ糾֮ˣʯĳΪȻҡͷ˵֮ЩŹ֣ԭˡֹ¡ӵ֣ͷһֵۣʥŮʹӿţй⣬ҪΪԼ·ŷͷҲȥ
ȥָۣ̬Ĳɵ˵ž⣬ֺαؼһʱ
ųųһۣ˵ѾͷһԵѾĪٺ˼ˣ
Сһǿаԩˡ
ԩһΣߡŽץųӵֵ֣ǰ첢̹;в㽫߹һأ̵ǰĻַоաҴȥΣδ֪
Ųݷ˵ųӱǰȥ
ƲסһƳɫȻС֪Ӳˣָ
Ǽʱ󣬻볾ӽٽڵ𺣡СǧԶȻһֻǰɴϸĺɫ͵ط漴ٿȻСת˲ʮɡʮɣպ֮ס
״̾ʱ˲ð
žڣźγԣӲʵ
ŴžΪ쳣ʮ֮խԴСֻʮɣçײ
ǡڴʱǷڵͻȻһй
ɫ䣬ץųӱҪܡ˭Ѹ͵ĻȻּءԭز˶˵ӰҺ𡭡
žҡ
ӡ

һâһֳһӰǰ顱һ£ʱĴͷӦͷһƳ΢΢ü漴תķлͫ˸
һɽȣݲųԶɼ۶ϵķ͡ĵҵķ棬С֮һƣɭϣ
˾İһȻ۹ڽ
֮⣬һλ˵İŮӡʥŮĺơеһֻʯ˵Ī̫أֻǲŰ֡Ȧװˣɷҽ󣿡
ﲻӰĪļȴٴһ̧üģɷʥŮ˵ţһ
ʥŮлȻͷ˵гˣʵ졭ʯ׳ֵȻˣԭ
ɾ֮УһͬʱΪˣʥŮɵҪȥȦʯֻݵʮˣʹɻ󲻽⡣ÿ˶ʯҲá
һʥŮĶ֮ԱǡһȦʯҪʻͻȻһҪܡ
֮ɲǣһӿն⧲
һжѱ塣ֻ̧֮ʣȻһѵĽٿȻգ۽˽زߣѱһ֮С
ͬʱЦ˴Ӱ֮л£ٸӰԶ
һ¹һߺ˫ĿԲޱߵĺϮֻҪ֫ٺ⡣մȥòһʱ̣Ҫ⡣һأʧŭҪѰӵ䣬Ůȴ˿Ӻңдλǰ˴ԩ޳ԵҪְ㣬еһ
ʥŮۺЦ⡣λǧ֮⣬ɫһԲɽȵܣʮʿٿɱڡ


1136 ͷҲ
ǰֻһ³ǾǱŻ׹ֻءһɡ
ʥŮߵʮɿ⣬
ŮӴһɫ΢΢ã꣬޸п˵֮ǰкԸ˵ڹȥϣһһǺǡЦ͸ĪĿ⣬ִżȻį
Ӻڣʵеһָͷĳؽ
һŭδֹĻѱᣬԳĺֱ͸֮͡ǿŭüĵĺɫӡȴãֱֱڵϣûıһ㡣
ȻⲽأȻĲǸŮˡĪ˵һָͷҪȥΥʦ𣬺Ǻǡ
ʥŮЦţҡҷţھչһġŭĿԲһؽ˵ǼŮкζԹΪҪ˴еԵɣȻԳޱ֮ȴһŲ֪ʵЦɱ̾
ټɽȾĵģ˽ΨһŮ
Ϊźұʵ˵˰ɡȻû˿ߡ
ʥŮһǰĲԶⲽȻ꣬ŮӣĺϦꡣǧ֮ʱֵഺ١ĽǿߣŮҲĺżáϲ֮£㽫ϵ˶ԼҵĽã롭
˴ʥŮгأԻ£˵һǱ֮ˣһǼ˼Ǩ֮ǺΪ£ǺǡЦЩ䣬ֵȻˣҳɣһ·׷󿪴򣬳ɾ͵֮λϦΪǧ谮һĺơΪ˶֮ˡ
Ƭµϣɶߵţɢɭɭ⡣еһӲɣ˫Ŀŭû֪Ψüĵһӡ
ԺǸ޼ĺƣˡֻ飬ȫ֮Գǻͬһ³ѸʼԣעҪһ㡭
˼ңʥŮ̧ḧɴʧƬ֮󣬲ֽŷ˵Թ°ҸáʷķδȣȴͻȻչءԭΪأֻư²ڣҲ޷ȴ˻Ϥ֪࣡˭©˷𡭡ͣ£תһ˵˭أϦǼ˰
ʥŮ֪һܳԴһ䣬˵Ϧƣ˱ԹչصԵɣڻ͸¶ƾ衶ʾɻʾָտɴֻΪʦȫ޶Ů黳ȤҲ۹΢䣬ȻƳ
ǧ֮⣬һµ۵أ
ʥŮ۹һת̾ϲ⣬Ǻÿ˶õʾϦûѰչ֮˴۶ʷңŭһɴ˽١
Ůǳƽٵļ֤ߣߡ¹꣬һԾĿ£۹һĨԹ⣬ԭĻӲ޺޵ϦǸǵĻ˺˵겻ɢ޼Ѿͷұ²⡣˵ģһޡǻᣬǡǡ
ʥŮһ٣ת˵ȻѾͷΪͽ֮󣬼ٽ贫֮ѻϤȻתһأһģµСӣߡԹδֵҷʶԶ֪Լ˭ǽһСӣ½Ѱ򣬲Яɵ۴С
ʥŮŲԶ΢΢ҡҡͷԲ˵вʣ޼ҵ㡣Ȼˣֹ̬統ˡʶҰٰУֻΪ㻶ġȴǼٴνһǻϻˮĺˣŪˡ
˴ʥŮһţתѱίŭȡ֮ź˵һǲҶϦһ𣬺Ǻǡ
ŮٴЦ˵Ѿͷһడɾ磬ҵʶ¶˹ȥȴѸΪ˵ӡʹˡ³ۣ֮в֪ڵġᡯΪᣬΨݡ
һɣѪ
һ˵ԻʼûӦʥŮįһǿȻ̾ͩӰ飬Ϧ꣬˻ء֪˻ȥڻĳˡ
ʥŮƮƮȻǰеһԼӶ꣬תֵ˵ӿ֪ΪճյȺǧ꣬굱治ʶþһδϣٴİ·ΪҪֻء
ʥŮɴȴҧгݡĶԹɢһǻȴû䣬ı΢΢ҡҷͻȻʧкδȲϦǼˣΪò飬ˮ
һ仰û꣬ʥŮнסٴηһˮָеһֻǸˣ״ε߳ΪǼ˶̲򣡶ܻĹȥٴζ˷صޣӦˬá
һ̣ɽȺƻζһ¡͸źڳɭϵĽƣԼԲ
ʥŮ̧ͷһ
ͬʱǧߺ߳ˣѰʾ䲢ϷסˣǴ󹦸ɡӴԺ޸ɣ¡
ʥŮɫ΢䡣Ƴһеһͷʧ꣬Ůظذ̾һȻָ˳̬ĬȻתԶ
βջƮµۣҰף񳣬۹䡣Զ˵Сӣ㽫֮ʣ¡ʾħӡ
ʥŮ⣬Ծһɽ֮ϡߵľֹ޶ԣ۹͸һ˿ĮȻ統ꡭ
ߴһţ̧ǰһץɸߵƷƮɫɣ¶ĵЦ⡣Ѱ٣һоաȥڵóԸ
֮Уһ˿ҽӲ޶ࡣֻҪߵУ޻֮Է˶ڵĸˣҪڲһɾСν練ơ
ת֮䣬಻ʮɡǡڴʱһüӡͻȻһŨصɷ֮һĻ͸֮ɲǣһȻը
飡
ʹΪ⡣˿ԼĽƣСӵͦڡΪȻزҪ֣漴
ֻѵ˲䣬һâٿȻȥ֮꣬дһ죬Ӱ䡣
鳤룬мغһ߳ɾַѱϷ˭ȥáСӣɷ׻ԽһʱȴӴ˽٣԰գһӣɽܶʱӰһƾԡж쾳Ŀ߰λɾʮټϽɡɵĸ֡
һڰգ˫ۻӶһŹâէ֣ƾðڡʤȵİٵӰ
ͬʱһԶ֮֡죬һӰݺײƣǧӰӵմ𣺡ͷҲ


1137 
һмܣž־һƱ漴ֱ裻ۿһȴƾٳٰ֣֮˲䣬Ȼ˷ӵɽеονתһʱĿϾ
ͻһУʹ΢΢ȻƳתҵɽȣǺӿأһӡܵѸһתڰ֮аڿơ
ʥŮӦöΪɵɫԻرܡ漺֮ʣͷȴڲȻ⡣ȥȦʯһỹٳôİ֣ˣʾҪƾͼơ׻ִӺδ
ͬʱδֹһӰ
ǰɵ֮ϣվʮλɾɵĸ֡Ϊһ˻ҷǷշ˲һı϶Ϊһ죬ǧӰ
һ׳Ẻɾڵ뺷ɱһ嵽һǰȻһ٣ҪŴȴһͣ³֣ϴ󡭡˫ۣǶ׵һϾ͸Щ֮ɫ󣬳˼λ֮⣬ǧ޾ȻϵΪѹѹһƬ
𣬻ͷδΪȣ̧־ɢĿ֮ǹеĺֱ̹ϣһǰħͬʱѰ˴˴ɺȴ⡣һڰ׻ӡǣȻڡ
һŻͷԼǸɷĬĬ˵ͷ˵ˡɫͣ۹ůһš
ͷȴϬȻһЦӦţˡ漴ֽеһᣬڵתǰͺ˭۸ϴ󣬻ͷȻã
ͬʱһ׳˷ɵǰ˵½
ǵһǲĲԼɾڵΪͷһ˼ʱ޲ϵ
Լ޾̣Ҵաһ۹һӣתܡ
Լһɫг־
ڰצ䱳ϵһ˷ɵһԡҡ͸ʻǸˣеʮ֡˵˷ԼӵˣԴҶïūһԣѾͷѵü˴ĳ棬СýġʥȴǲȺ֪ڶʲôڡʤ˵ǰ޲ɫءһǧ֮ڣɢʮһ֮Сڴ˶İ֮⣬һȺΪǿĶ֡
ߣû뵽ѽ򣡲һСȻ޲磬Īɵ֮У
ʱԶ˵һתǰʵΪ磿λ˵ԣһſڵɫЩѿ
̫̫ס̫̫ʼ̫̫ΪԴڡͨߣԴ˽컯Ǭܻءû磬ڴϢ֮ٳڶ֣
֮ߣڹɵ۵ĴСʶǳǴһľٶп˼ֶߡ
ǧʥеһλ
һ۹ԶһӰһ٣תߣʣǻ޵ɣˣɫͷ⣺Ȼϣֻĸˣ޵ýܻء̫ؾƣһԪʼδ֣̫س
ߣһСʼϷ䣬֪η߲мغһʢ˵˵罻ʾȻϷں֮ڣߣδһڵ˷
ǡڴʱں֪˭ųڣһͻȻһ䣺Ҳ֪
鳤룬۹һ
һſھʾ£Կǰ˵Ȼǹ꣬ǲͷ¶βˣʥ֮һˡ
ŶߵŶǲΪȻӣֵʥΪˣ˭񲻹飡
ʩչĽǵһ޶ġǾ˭ˣ̲סŭ߳㰵¾ͬ޹㻹ҽƱ粻ɡܶ˶ھ֮£Ϊ֮á˼棬νۺ졣
ڷŭ֮ʣһȴڻζ߷ŵһ仰ԼԼУ
ڵʣδϣ赭д˵ΪĴ۹ڣһδ䣬Ұ׵ĺȻף϶һ㵶̰ƣӥ͸ǰģˡ
״߳Ȼ޳СˣԵҪȥԵҪС뷢ɱ硣Զ˵˷˸Ƿ֣һٲȻƴļơڵǳս֮Уͻ͵Ϯ޹ʵԩڲ׹ֻأΪıҪѰֻ
ʤ԰겻ѡʥеǿߣֶĻΪϵһλټ϶Է߰λ쾳Ŀܣһս
һۿŻҽ𣬶δֽ⣬æһڵǰʾԷ԰ꡣ
΢΢ЦǺǣȲµӥȮһȺ͵֮ʡַ룬͸ֵΪҪռʾΪҪħӡǿʽ޷Ҫ°ˣ˽֮ˣǴ֪ϧ
δҡҡͷӻ˵ԣʧƫİ֪ʹ򱳡ɵԴзԤһֻ֣ϧʤ
ʤԵһŸ͵ɵ۲˲ȻԵʣ
ߣ¹꣬ǧǧԣʤĻмһˣһĮȻ˵Ϸ˵һ飬ʱʾδӡ
һԶǸߣĻᣬǵǸйƻ֮ˣǼѷ
ɫɣȴſ֪߳Сһɺԣ
ǧʥΪһưһ䣬˵аɣѲǳƽٵף
ûг۹ɫһ
ɣȻޣٽ֮ΪķѰϦ꣬ҡŮӲ֮£㽫תչеãȴ֮Ųɡ巴ĿΣûɵ۵одɱų켺
һ˵˴Ͻ˲ת󣬽ֳԶЦǺǣͬ侳ֻ಻ˣ
ھ֮⣬ʥŮٲһ㣬Ȼ޶ԡԶĻƮƮȴҡԼδ͸©֪ʲô
аħޣħӡ֮Ǭʽɣóޣд۶֮ҰġڡʾΪ˽ΪģΪͼıǱΪ飬кǿеţܾԶһԹ˵ɵ۲ڣɣаʳȻһ񣬱ĴɱĶ֣ڻáʾ䡣ѰãʥŮͦһ٣ѪһԶǰӰ߳ûĺƣ˾ϦԼ˽ָƣܳ벢Թƻ󡣾񼫣ʼٸ߸̣
ƮĻһ籼ϮʹͷԳ֡ʥŮĺƵԴףĬĬ
һüһȵˣõʾѣɷ˵ʵ


1138 һս
֪ʱ͸ƵĻڷк£һ뼸λСһͦΣҷȻưȻһ
ǧ֮⣬ǺѹѹһƬȺ
ǰعˣΪܵģͷôˣҲѷֳƶŮӣĺӣʹĸ׽˴ŨصɱΪȤ
Ƕļɵ漴ַԷûжⲢЩϤŪȻֻýͦŶʾ
ūѲֻ߮ǺƬ̣ǰĶսڼʦ̩Ȼ
һӵȻǰӣ˴˴µĸ־һ顣ĬĬһıӰ鳤˴ɾߴֻ°
νǽѣ±̫ƽԶһ䡣
ѭȥʾ£漴ֺЦתǰǵӰâⷽؼΪĿ
ƽ첢վȺ֮СȻʧΣ״ʵԳޱ֮һ̣ɵ۸壿
첻֪ɷӦá
ƽ϶Ȼ˰ȻԵһָơ
ЦЦԶԣͷȴûɵذ¡סҲסԼŮˣɵأ֪ӻôһǰԵʵңжԣ֮ʵȡ
ڵһֳһһСȺ˴֮ʱʱ໥˼Ī
ʥʼնЩѣ˺󻼵ûʧԵαǿ󣿻ͷȻһֵܣˣЯ¹ͿɾʹˡԼɱȥȡ֮λָƨѽ
һʮ˾һĳϣֻ͸ˡµĸ֣еһеļλһµѪȻɾľ硣һ·׷ˣͬǴ۽硣
ҴķΣ̾ҵԼˣЦ󷽰ССʲô
͸ΪȻСӣһԸ͵һأ⾳ԸһսӴɾ죡
оһʢ

Ǽƹâӳ֮£һԵڰһʵ΢΢ЦţƬ֮󣬲ų˵תֻϷ򶼲Ҳţʯ󺣣ȻڴˣҲδ˵㲻ᣬĪǳɾ˲ɣ
鳤΢΢ҡͷĪ˵Ϸкηأǧʥ˼壬־Ϊɡħ۷֮ڡΪˣֱλɻ¡֮󣬵ۿɻʼ֮ɴʾǵԼλǰǲϷнˮ¥̨֮˭ϵۿֻΨһĵͳˡϷɣа׷˴˴˴һ˦󣬺ƺʹֵ׸ԣǸˣȥѰλɻۣȻѴ˽٣պû˰֮ʵŻѿıŷѰǺǡ
˫ŵİ֮⣬һüͷǳʲһ˼ĿɽµλɻʡɱһǿĶֻԴԴϵֻŻ֮ţ
һ̧ͷһƳӿкµ⣬д࣬ͬ
ʱЦ˵֮һرգ겻ÿԾѪΪ׼Ϸٽĺִ֮ڵĿ֮Ҳѡ
һ˴ֻͷһͷƤըһŭڶ۶ʱѪӿĺƾȥֲʼղ͸¶ӵ䣬ɶĶ
ǡڴʱһεɱʥŮĺԶ
һҲ˲ö룬װһһսȻԾǽ֣ݺǧɽ򣬡顱һ죬вڰ֣֮֮Ʋɵ
Ȼȳˣ
һУȥһͣ͵ص˻ȴӰһΪħ͸ɷٿȻǰ˫ֻӶ֮䣬һɷƾը졣

ͻ˲䣬һԵλ˾Ѳ
Ͷʱɱδ䣬һǰ
ʤһۣ˴˽Ժݺ³һĵĸˣԺ³֪뷢غΨһ
Ȳҳɣһӣȵһս˶֮ʣһǧ֮һ㣬ǡǹէйֱǰȥǳǰ棬̤쳣ͷһɱķ
ת֮䣬ԭֻʣӰһ˫ֶ󲢼͵Ҷïһɫ񾲶һū
˲䣬һӰת㬵ܣ㡭
Ҷïͷ࣬磡ˣְϾ
ͬͷ˵׳ǸҴɱķ˭ϲŽôֵ˫˫ػūǲԸغȴŹū˹֡
ūֵǸһЦο֮ʣмʦ֮飬Ҿ䣡˵꣬æֽǰһؼ䣬½ǷײĹâΪ׳ȴִĿġ

ȶ֣һͷС˫µĽǧ֮ڣ˳ƶ
һɣһѪӿ漴ҧгȥս֮أҪԸǸΪǿľˡսܸʤ
ڴһ̣ڡʤ˫ǸѰ֣˷
ԶԶһеǱϤĽһ˫裬ֱӭȥϢĹѱԷΧڵ䣬Ȼһּɶ
䡢䡢䡢䡭â˸֮У졣ʤЩæңҷɣʹһʱ޴мܣۿžҪж԰Ρ˺ʮɣһٴεɳȥһԶ
֣Ƕв硣ڶԷһģֵԼ
ڼʤ޴룬ȵǿּ̧֮âֱŶԷΧȥһΨ־ûѣҵķк˫ֳֽŭһɽûڿգ֮ƺХȥ
顢顭֮У֣֮ʤڰ˾æԷơ
ͬʱһӰѵ˾ǰʹɱУתӦԡһ亷࣬ȴΪãڻս֮ʹԸд㵡ֻһϺķգɫӰ

һľ֮УŰݣӰһţǷĽ֮
һ˺ʮɣɫЩ԰ףȴ׺Ȼ
۹һϮ
˶սݣҶǿŰķڵʮû˸㣬Ψ꼰˴֮ңǻһƬ
һħɱʮλֱ֮һӰȥ


1139 
һ˶ڣһڶࡣ֮£ǰ߲ɡ
Ǿһ߰˸쾳ڵĿ֮⣬һΪǿʥŮһΧ֮ʣԷ˳ûѣλδ֪
һֳħҪŽڳʥŮĺơδվɷŹǸĴŮӣ
ʥŮδƴɱĬһ硣һӰɱ΢΢ü̧һУԶĸƿһ˽ǰ䱾ǳûתȥ
״һŭȣߡ
λֲ絲סȥ·һ䡣
һסʥŮȴţͷ߳ʬĶҹ˫ǧ֮Զ˫ֻӶӰһӿʮʮһˡʮһʮħӡħӡħӡȸӡӡѸӣ֮һǧһٶʮ˵׻ӡٿȻɡ
˲䣬˫಻ɣĵĽâ޿赲ȻϮʥŮڻսȺжҪȥ
һϾˣһֳ̧ǰһָкһԼȸ𡢰׻Х֮һǧɵѪȻҹһ߳أѿķ϶Է֮ƺȻȥ

λУ׵֮£ӭħӡӡһֻѪ£һĶɲǣ֡䡭һ죬ĵʢĽâһһţǵѪͻȻһ󸫣ɽ֮ƿȥ
顢顭
˺ѷε֮Уλ߱ϳһ㵹˳ȥȻѱλǱѪɣʣԳѿϯʮӰ촷ۡ
ʥŮѵ˸߸ߵϣǽƵĻڽǰڴʱͻ桢缲ꡣΪߣһʮɵĺɫӰɷ֮ɵδɣָӭһ衣ƾնִź⼱
䡢䡭
֮УӰͷŸͷһҷɡθΪԴƻڲӰ
ʥŮ׻ĺһȴֹסȥơҪԶݣһѪӭͷ¡ŮӺ˼ɣӲתһɽȣ漴ȥΣܡ
ڲִټġӡһͬʮӰһϾʹ˷ŹʥŮҪȥ׷ȴתաӸ£¿λ쾳Ŀң˵˷˺ӡӵ˾޲ߣֻڶǿеֵһʱ֮䣬ˡ
ͻȥص޴󰭣ŰɵצŭŵΪޣ
ߺߡͷɷ˸ǰһ˫ֻѰǸŮӵ䡣
һʥŮʧķһƳ˼Ͼ˵뻢ͷڣת·Ⱥֱλ쾳ڵĿȥ־ɣħӡٴȫ

ͬʱΧžսݡ
һ죬˺һΪֱվΡǶڵľԼҵΪ̫ˡڱ֮£вһͿءʤȡ˵֣ǲȻֻܲסػ
һλΧСַ룬۹Ѳ߮סһǰ󲻹ϢĹ򣬶쾳Ŀʣ޼մȥµʿҪԹѵڡСӲɾΪ޵ӡһʱգӡһ
ת֮䣬Է˹糱вּ̧ͣӦ֮ʣͻȻȥʤȡڲˣֱԶһȥ
һ˫ֳֽŴδһããĺӭϮ֮죬ʤ˶⧲ʹ˶ܣΧ٣ⱻһơ
մȥذɡ
һͷһᣬ㲻˲䣬һķɳһŹâէ̧֣ǰһָ߳ǣ֮һ˲ʼڣѪŰǿɱ̾˿ӿȥ
䡭
ͨײϮĺȻһ죬֮һɲǺȻըٴαŽķģǵضΣ統ǿյһ̡
ڴΣͷһæңչ˫ǣ֮һ֡ת֮䣬ƲɵķĽһת쭲䱾ֻ˺ּ̧һķкλȻһ䡣ֻкڡסࡢɫŨɣ˲䣬һʧ
裬һķ䣬üͷ漴˫ֻӶʤȡڵĹƱˣźϾ̧۴ʲŵһ̣ΣĪ⡭
һȴҡ£һߣһѪ
ʤȽ˴ɫǡһ󣬼սʤǿľһķƴǣƶԷĸ֣ȻֻЩСԳ־á⣬һλʥŮڰȥβ
ʲŵĶΪ
ڻܣļ١ܣһоӰӴ龰롭
˵СӣϻؽѣϷ֪ЩֶΡ£ЩʵһʽͨԺηΪǰͬǷĴС
ŵôԣʤңң
һɫɬһֱźֻ֣ΪҪͷáʩչֱȼҪûʹɱУв´ĵڶʽͨΪ̫֮δһսʤ֮
Ϊǿ죬һһϦֲ
һĬȻƬ̣Ѫ˳Զľ˵һʽΪĳǰͬһƲ˵Щ쾳Ŀܿǿ󣬲ǽڶɾ֮ĸְˣɱ֮ѡǰλȴĶڵĸˣٲһ޷Խĺ蹵
Դͨߡ΢㵣漴ȻΪȻغ˵еͨΪã죡Ϸ㡭仰δ䣬һԭͻȻһģһӰŶڴɵΪֱʤȡӭȥȻŶڵƣһ
ڶݵļغ֮˫˱˴˵ʵ¶ʵĿƱҪһ֣
Σʤ˽ɫһ䡣֮ǿ󣬾ǵСֻ֮֮÷ס֣ɱһǻڳСν׾٣
һͫ΢ס˫üʱ˺벽۽ˣֻ¶Ҫٲ֮УٲаңֵüģħٿȻ


1140 Ǻͨ
֮ʣһٻħ𡣱˴ǿ֮𣬸֣λڵĿܲˣ˶֮ƶԣûɱɵ
ĸ̡֣ǵǰλһŤתǬ
һħ˲䣬ɾڵԲ
˵⣬֮죬ʹӰŤǻӶ˫ͻȻħצһĹ죬̶ڿȻը漴ķĺХɱ֮һضʱĪ֮С
һ޿ɶ㡢޿ɱܣ̧һָǧȻӡһ޴ѪȻǿΪ뷨һݺǰȥ
䡭
ͬضײһľ춸Ȼը֮ɲǣйâһŰŭ˷£һҶ㵹ɶȥֱǧ֮⣬ȻԳֶֹһĴ׳ӰֱҪַӰȻҪСԶƴɱ˽Ի˾ʦˡ
Ϣ֮䣬һǿֹסơδ֮ʣһѪ˳ȥȴ̧һӣٽĻͷֵŭҷɫŨüµһ˫гâͣɱİȻ˲
ͬʱһĺʤķƴ˸£ǵʮɡ˽޴󰭣Ź˵ܵΡڱصõһδȫƵȥһ١һһ٣ȴشǿ֮ĩ
õӰʵ漴ܿҵ̴档紵֮£䳤ƮƮɫԶӰ̧һƳٲǰ˵һɾΪϷȫһҲ
һǧ֮⣬һݺݴ˼ڴ꣬˰֣Ļͷֵܣתǰ˵࣡ͬھ亷Ȼ壬գӭŶԷ˹ȥ
ͬھǰмߵߣݺ̸ס俴ƻɣֹ⣬ȴƴ߷סˣ㹻İԸһ
ڴһ˲ͻȻ˵һԴơж£תԶеλѣֵָսغԶ᲻á
ʤɫ΢䣬漴˫˫Ȼһ̾
һ̣ս˫ͣ
ֻʣʮʿһٶܣν˴롣һͬȥһˣ޾Ӷࡣݻ֮ʣ˫ڹעųеĶʤӮÿ˵ˣ
һȻֻǿУ޲ݣȴûκΡĸ˶󣬵֮Բ֣Զһивͨ򣬲ͽ˰ˣ˴û˭סǸˣΣҲ
ͷֵԭأһɫɡһ˿벽Ҫ
Զūһվţ˫־ᣬݰۣһˮȦӯӯ䡣ԼܣֽסԸֻʦƽū벻
ڵĻ䣬ԶеѸ̤ʮɡ
΢΢Ц£ӰŤ
һǴӶ󣬲е϶һҧ⣬һھѪΪȻԽɾ֮ƣЩ쾳Ŀܱ಻ضãʩչޡòٴó޲ȫԸ
˶ֵһɲǣͻȻһ͡΢΢һ漴ȥһ޵Ӱң׺쳣ֳڵģ²˳٣ԷΪһʩչͨ
𣬳˽һԶķţȴɫ졣ɣóĻ尵͵Ϯˡ֮ǰһʩչͨǷȴвһҪһģƴ
ΣʤٲҳɣһתһΪ·ţԱ֮
ڴʱ顭һ죬ڵĻķɢתѸ£ݺݲϾ˫ּ񹥲ֹڵİ֮ڣâɱŰ
䲻衣Զ߷ͬʱѣʤµķڵķڲһе֡
Ϣ֮ʣһӰ׹ɽȡʤڵķֻжڵΪǾĶ֡µ˷Ϊǲ˴࿹֮£ο֪
һֻ֮䣬һԴ㵡ʤ̱ǰ²ڽѪλȴɷ˵˫˫һֻ͵ĺ֮ϣѸͶǿķӿԼͬسͨɱ
һ΢΢һɫ䡣ۻĪķֱ͸Ѹ֫ٺ֮ڡʱܵ˳ʱѣ͵ľʹ˺ѷΰ㴫Ƶ޴ԳֶֻкƺһѪӶ۽ѣը죬ɾԲΪȻڡڡȻϰݣֻҪһʩչͨй˵ᱬ
֮ɲǣһ졣һǧ֮⣬Ӱɢ֣ʱ
һǿԿţɫһ֣Ʊ꼰ڡ
ջطɫŭ˫伱ӶһƬɫâȻɳֱݵֶȥԷΪ͵ϮȻԸȥʵϡʹɱ֮ʣ߳ϷȥʰСӡ
ڲҪƷˣͻȻƼƬƯܣȴƷѳΣֻŵһ̣޳ۣûƾ裬Ϊвһټشûм֮סƴ˻ͬھ
â˸ԱΪʱ̧һץӿƯĻ֮ᣬһһ顣ڼɢ֮ʣǺ
һȭͷСɫʯƷɽгҶĪ֮з׹ǡ֮
вͷһ׹ٿȻ̵Ŀšһ춯صľ죬ǰɿȻը֮ɲǣŭε׻Ȼֱٶϵƽ޴ӵֵҺһ͵رײ˳ȥ꼰֮£дļƬӰһ䣬漴һ̴ĹâӶ
ǧ֮⣬ΪǱֹסΣɫסſһѪȻΪͨ˼ɣȻкͿʱ򡣷ǾǱǰǺ⡭
ʮ⣬ͬʱֳһҡҡλεİӰ˾ʥŮɴ͸һƬ죬ɷǾޡȻƲᡭ
͸ź⣬תּæ̧Ĺˡ
ֻػȻһ䣬ڡסࡢɫŨƾշڣźķĪƣ޼᲻ߣ׻ƲɵȸĲп飬ĿԱŰǿۻ֮һֻϵɱֻ𡭡
֪ƲأֻǸܵΣס˸սȻתǰʧʵǺͨ
ʱ֮еӰΪĿ
λ뷢ɫȻΪ׵һ˫Ѫɱ죬ȵ̣ϻ磻ţ𣡡̧ǰһָš𡭡


1141 
һʩɲǼ䣬ʧɫǳ٣ǧ֮ڶʱһƬڰ֮ͬʱŨصɱķһǬߵ
飡
Բ죬˲ѱڰɣ漴һ죬֫飬˿Ѫ⣬գۼ仯ޡһĺǾʿܣֻ͹ļɽ壬Աٲݣƻ罵١
ս˫ܣӰҴܣ޲ʧ롣ҶïץūתܣϵŤͷǿգֻһΪܵƻ졭
Ƭ̣һкưһΪʼǰǧ֮ڣȻų꣬бը죬ƬƬѣȻէйһֱΪڰֵɾ¶ݡֻʬҰɽ嵹Ŀǽ塭
ʤѸ֣пѡһսνĶǣ֮ȥΪΣ̧ͷȥ˫˫㵡֪ʱͷǿ֮жһž޴ţϵ׷֮ƴη٣
һأ԰Ȼգ䶴쾳̴桭
ʤȶȻһ˼ֵܣɢȥҶ˸ķΪȻѵСһתԶ໼еУ
һӾ䴦ջ۹⣬ɫɻȴϾˣ漴̧ͷһƳɸ߿գ﷽ԲĽѸۣɲͻϣתסǳ鶯ɫ΢ࡣ
ʩչͨ˾֮ʤȲſ֡ǿķΪȻԼڣ֫ٺԼʹ
һתķȻĪ˵һٰˣһɹʡȴյ鷳ڵΪԼģȴٰޱɾ̨ǰݺݰһ֮ͨη塣ʱ˿̣Եѷ꣬ɴ
ʤ֣תһǰȰϵܣǿǶž٣ʮһշǳ֮⣬ʮһɹٵľͲˡٽΪ٣ֱû
ͬʱϽƷڣ׹է֣һĪƻ£Ȼʤһ䡣ŵȻԵ֮졭
һ°ڣϥһʤ˵ĳѾǰȥһ֮СĪʥŮ䡭
ϵܣǧҪǿţء
ʤ֪˵棬ٲ߾ͳˣֻõͷʾ£תҴȥ
һɫ·ɽȻһСһ̴ĹâһǬٿȻת˲ֲӡ˫Ŀ΢أԼк޶ԡ
һ̣ʥŮŲӰһ־ȫޣɢȵļʱѣӵȸֵԤȷһǧ˺һΧȥݿһ㣬ת֮ѽԷʮʿɱ롣ԼʣµĿѲãһ־ܡûãֱ䡭
֮⣬˾
Ȼ¶ȴΪ鶯ѴתأҷŰڰ֮СһԣվūֵܡͷԼҵʿ
ͷԼ׽ǿȴֲмҡͷûҵϣԶˡ仰δ˵꣬һ𡰺һ±˹æܣŭǷ᲻ɡԷצ㲻ʾ
״ļλҡ͸ۿ˫ҪִһŮӵĻʱ𣺡ʦɽٹͷ
һһҪû˭׹ʣȴһλΪŮӣ溮˪ŭվ׳߬ȭͷȻδڳ˷
ôһ䣬ͷһգϢġλʿ䲻ԣǼ˺ŮΪͣȴǲͬ˭˵һĵմӡ
֮ͥ£ū˵Ǳޡ˿̣ǣܵΣ۶ǰһ
⣬ʤȲ˵ĲԶ˵˷ӡ˻һȺӰеһʮʿɫǷϣµʮû˲ݣһľܰƲ١
ʤ׳ķһۣתǰ̾ϵʱǿǾžŰʮһ׽ٰ
ȵ˵ͷ˵֮죬ϰ֮£ʹĶܣгɣΨӡ
ʤ˵ϵִΣ壬ø
ȸ͵Ըˣ֮׳٣ꡭ
սʤ־ӹΰձҶʤ̧һָʾˡ
ڴһ̣˽ɫһˣ
ǰĽڷţ۳ʮСࡢסࡢڡơϺڡࡢϳࡢϽɫâ¡¡ɷǾˣ
˲䣬ٴԲȻһ֮ĪƶȻֱɽ֮ϣһϥնҷ΢΢ƮȻһϸľɫ׻Ȼ£֮ըķ
Ϣ֮ʣ׻ѽһɡ
ΣʤȵףϵΪβʩֵ
һԵƬ̣ŵ˵ٺΪһ壿˶ɽ٣δš
ʤȻѣл򣬰ɿ̾ϵʩչ֮ͨǰ˾ǿٲȻһĴڡ˵׷򣬹ֲá
һһ׻עɽȵϷȻһӰֻв׻ڰը漴ֻŭΰƲϯķ޴ĺĹâҫ۶Ŀ
ԶΧ۵˽ϢһĿȻ
ͷȴָͷһĺͿƣٹоžŰʮһѹԵԼ֪䣬һһִյһʵ˵˵ΪΡԷ漴Ťͷſ졣ͷæ˺󣬺ߵһﲻʶ
˳ûһԣֹ̧صͷȻһٰʮ׽٣ǺǡһЦֵɻϵýʥ׷꣬սǲװ
ͷأŴִָͷ۹һƳŴֺ̬˵ǽʥ
ʥæͷɵģ
ͷһת˵ϴ֮ʣһ棡
ʥŵһ£ﲻѡ
ͷɫɣȴ׹⣬ָͷһΣ߳ʵӵۺʹ
ʥæҡͷ˺
ͷŵغ˫һΣתȥ
ʥ˿λǲò࣡ԶλɫмЦݣһһк
ÿ죬üˣһʱ׻кɡ
λˣٺʱͣЪ
ͷʤȵԡƲˣֻôɻѰλǰֽ̡˵ֽ̣һǱ⣡
λȻ֪˻ͷеʤλ׳ĺӵͷʾ£صһһޣһɹʮ׽ٷɹɣһԵȣԷӦѹ׽٣δͣЪϷ¶
ͷһ㶣Ƶλͬʶ
ʤӿЦ漴˫˫ɫһֻԶ׻֮УֳһӰӰӰ


1142 ļ
һʱ׻ûйһ̵ͣЪԶԶȥǱкµ׻ٲļͣؼ俪һ϶ʹȴη
Χ۵˽ΪףٲİѰɽٵһԪӤ顢壬ԼľĶǰֱҪȹһ٣٣ֱյľž١һʱ̣ɴ֮áʱּ͡಻ϵ׽٣νźߣɽ֮˲׻ԡǽ˾治ѡ
֮ҫ۶Ŀ׻֮кԳ
ֻһվ˲Ӱһǽ۽𷢵һɷħģһ£ȴвͬ˴֮Զ漴һͬƳԶԶȥӰ׻Ϊһ壬ȥ磬ȫȻû˶ɽʱ뾽ȣ
ηڣԵ˵Ĺ죿
Ƭ̣Ի첻Ǵִ׻ȴȻһ֮ͣɲǣɸ߿ɢһɫâ콵£ඦ֮ķ֮ʹһ
֮һħѲӰֻ±𾲾գĬĬָ̧üġɢżֶڵƣʵΪȴѱߣ
ؼ佥Զڹ
һȻָ̧˼
ǰӡǣֻһǶü֮ϡҶ״೤н𡢰סɫâڽ΢΢էһһֻۡħôûˣ
һ£¶ʱɢһһǰٿȻһģһӰԵüĴͬһӡǣɡħ޵ΪȻһ岢ֱ˴ˣ
ħûˣǲ߷ˣ
һͻĶ٣ȻʹڡϡӴԺ󣬱һ壿߷̬ʮ㲢Σ뱾ѷʵĻ֮֮˰ɣ
һüĴӡǽȥ֮˲䣬Ӱʧ߬ȭͷķۻȻŵħٹ̨ǰǿжɹһ٣ȻδӦΪҲ桭
ʱʤ뻢ͷ̶ԴȻ飬һһк
ϵܣΪ
ܻ֡ˣη䡭
ϴܹٶʮ£
ԶūԼ˷˹
һȻջ˼Žǰ˵ĳΪɾ붴֮䣬з䣬вŽĵ١һ꣬תʵǷѰʥŮ䡭
ʤȽҡҡͷͷǺŮȥ˺δ
һкһˣȵŮѳѣλԱ㡭δ˵̧꣬һ̤𶯵ĹâƵʤ뻢ͷܡգ֮䣬ӰٿȻʧ
ͷ㵴󺰣ѽ»ͷҪ׷ϣʵϴȥ˺η
ʤ˴˰ͷת˫˫ɶԶȥ֮ʣһԸȾ͵صȺ򡭡
ף׷ϴ󣬻׷ͷͷŭͬʱһӰȥ

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˵ʥŮֻΪľѪΪ򿪾ž
ʥŮѣȥ·ֻһ
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ӣһɵŮӣ޼ҵʱΪβʵ飿һϤ࣬Ȼ˲ݣһת˲ѹǧءòٴط꣬δϣִҴҶȥĳԴ
ӭһ籩ХһȥƲͣ˫һ֣ɳ۶ȥɾ֮УΣķʱ֪飬ȴòǿš´սգɽѱϣ˶ʱļֻ뽫ʱ
˵գ̫֮֮ɫƣкȵͬZڡžɴ˿
ڻ˵䣬ǧѵһ֡ҪǰģǻԵ£ʩչͨǿпѳС
ǱʥŮǿΪȻžִڵĽᡷ׿žʶԼʦĴģԸѰȻ跨ܣԸˣӡ
һ޴Ļϯһֱ͸֮һղˣֻһƬƵبǰȥƼɢʶȥ
֮˿ԼĶݷʥŮǱ˶ӦÿѰסǸɶŮӣʱ֮ȻˡǷڵǧ֮⣬δνZںǰҸûӰ֡
һ΢΢˼ǰתֱһȥ˵Եɺ֮£ضɹĵٲ壬ʵΪ磬ֻǱɾǿһйظԵɣҲŪֻ֪ʶʤҸӦǲѡ
յĹһ͵ֹסȥơת󷽣΢ǧ֮ĳ֮УһɴϸĶʱʱ֡С仯ϲǡȵᣬƻеһɫ̼ۡԶԶȥôĴĿģ
һֲ֮ϮһɫЩࡣǺڵڵܣ١ͬʱһ罦룬˺꣬͵תǰԶһӰҶܶǰ
һȻһ漴ͷһ̤ӭ˹ȥת˲֮һ٣һߡ
֮⣬ŮȻͣ£ɴ׺һƬ죬֮ӰҡΣֳ˵ģ·ûյĳȣĿ㵣ʧ㡭һˡ
ֹʧŮӣʥŮĺƣ
һ׳һŭһ֣˵ֻһ仰ǻ
ʥŮ£ɫв꣬תһȻָ̬Ӧ֮˾йΣȥǣֺαΪһŮءŮӿƵ;ĩ·ȻԲġ˸ʣһǰ
һɢű˵ɱʵ֮ĳֻȥѰʸ
ʥŮ˵ֻϧɱˡ
Ǻǣһ޶֤һŭЦɫһ߳ĳǰɱǾķˣٸܣؽʳ
ʥŮȻزӣȴ޾⣬Դ㵣˵֪ǾķԿơ
ˣ㻹ǲ³ʵ˿׶༪١һ˵ͷɫ͸Ųʹ࣬ɭȻ˵գĳǰһ͸ź˵аʾΪͨ񡯡ĳʱ⣬ֱ˹֮ʱٴĳλĸˣǵµķѡӶ֣ȵĳ˵
ʥŮһɫɱ죬æʾ⡣ųڣסȻһ̾


1143 Խ
Ź¿಻ףŷʦͽһ·ˣǶһԹԣ˭ֿء
ʥŮֱֵ࣬ƽ֮ʣ⣬Ĵȥĵĸͬ˲ءŭ֮£ʥ׵塣аɣսȴ⡣ս󣬺һ޹ȴвʣ㰵·ͼЮֲݾӶѰҡʾ䡣ǲȻֻ˺֮£δɱӡ
ʥŮ˵˴ɫпɬϦ価ĺƹ飬Ӵ˽ֻһˡ׵ʹΪƣģ꣬һֵ̧Ҫɱң֣ܶҶһ䡭ԡᡯ죬ľѪΪȴδؾʹ׹ֻء
һͷһʵûںη
ҿû˵ʥŮԳ˵ǾŻͨ˻ġϦ䣬˭֪ءһֵһϦԵδ֮աǡŻ㲻ǰѰɫڴ
һش˿ڴ˵ӲǵϦֻ꣬ҵһ޹Ůӣƭǧ꣬һȴȻΣڣʹǰģܷԸδ֪о»˵֮䣬˫Ӷ漴ǰһָȵ
һѪȻһŰʥŮȥһѶɱģǻҪΪֻһ
ʥŮɫ΢䣬ŵʧҪɱҡ˴й֮ףȻǷǲϣвڶƴΪһǰŮӣȻԼ˵ľ飿
䡭
Ѫ޸Х£ݺһնϼ֮ϡһ󣬷ײƺȻը
һʮɣɱ
ʥŮҡ£ռϷ磬ȴǽҺ£ɴһ졣ŮӴǰشټƴ·һΪֻʣɡȻ֮£һĳֺֿݡֻȫԸǣƣסּ˼£ˮŭ߳ҡ꼰˲ȴҪɱҡɱһͶ·Ůӡ
һ̧ٳֱһ񣬽â˸üʶɱ֮˵ɾ֮УѲñΣҪĳʱҪɱڰˡΨгȥⱻвԹޣշغ֮󣬷׵Ĺȥȴˣ㴿Ӧã
ʥŮɫʱƽȴճնһ߽˵㡭㶴Ϥء˭۹룬ˮһ̣صǰǶɽ·תһ˷׷Ƶӡ
һΪȵߣϴˣĳǳԵĿ̫ˡ˫ֳֽһɫâбǿա
ʥŮðģȴɱƶȻһ塣ư£Լɬ̾˵ԳԣϦͬȴ졣ԸԼȥ಻ɱ㣡㲻飬ִҪȡκΡﱯݣɫԹһ˫зˮ飬ֻҪڻû
һԸԼȥǾ仰ѪһζȻƮ𣬷һ¡;ͻȻɨȥ֮ɲǣʥŮѲӰ֮䣬ֵİ⴫顱һ죬ֳһŮӵӰļ£ſһѪתɶݳǰæ֮ʣһƬɴƮ䣡
һϾˣ׷֮ʣȴ̧۳ԶҴһӡϢ֮䣬ѵǰӰŭȵߡˣŪûԣ˫ֳһɵĽâ͵˹ȥ
ŷļӳֶӵǿɱȥʱѽǵӰԷ֪һѰѣסһƳ
һзѪ⣬Ҫɱ֮죡ŮȻʱ׻㣬ʱĿɿڴ
֮ͬʱһâһƬԶ˼ȵ顭
һĽâ֮ʣȻת
顢顭
֮Уһ˳ȥֱȥɣվΣ²޴󰭣ȴǰȻʧһ㡣ǧ֮⣬𺣡ӰûٻͷҴұǰһĺɫȥʲһڵգǰüĿԼգߵУǡ
һʱ֮䣬һĳӿ䲻ҳɣֻŽǸȥԶıӰŽǰ׷ǧԶӰһһסȥ·𽣣ŭÿ
ڴʱԶһһæȥ־㵲ѡ
ǵӰŽٽеĺڵ㴦ͻȻɽæ֮¶ܲת˲ѱɡ
Σ·תһǰȥ֮󣬾ʮԶֹסȥơ
ǳ֮УһɴϸڶΪĿǳĪ⣬ﲢӰ
һۣ˴ɫΡһ̾žɣֻԴССһת¶Цݾʾֵѣŭ
ʮ⣬һһལһһɴŭдżֽǡ
ͻλһһŮһ٣뷢Ұף֣ǶڴɵΪλµĸˣһ鲼״ķŶСɵľ硣߽̬꣬һ統ģȴǿջĻһǰˡ
һأԷ߳ʵԵγĺƾ˭ǻ
棬ʵ˴Ϊβ˿⣿һԵŮɫ꣬͵תѹ꣬Ѳǵá
ãʥŮգԲӰеĺɫںһŴڣ͸Ī⡣һ飬ȴɻ󲻶ֻý۹ǶϣЩͷ˵ֺ˱ûң˾Ļƽ֪γƺλɶŮǷʵ
Ǵֲɫüҵʹһ´ֺǳҿڡʱΪʶҶ˵俴һԣ¡ֵҷ򸾶˵
ŮӡšͬЩ˵Ϊٲ綴죬ȴԲһЩŹ֡
һһŮǵ޼ջеɶŮ򸾡
һͻȻٴˣڲִټһأ˵ûǼٵġ֮£Ͼˡ
һвʶһԶ˵ʱڰΣɡ
һλĪĸˣȻ塣ʱһ㣬ƶ͡ǿٴʵĳвλɷԽ󡭡


1144 Х
ɷڲݵ֮ǰһĬĬϮּԶȥ֮УµӰЩƮЩŤʱڻ֮ⷽ䡣أԼȻ˼ʱȼ𡢷𡭡
ˮָ̣꣬ôӺ˵𣿡
ɶʱµһ仰֮󣬶תǻеĺɫڡ
ɵһɲǣɶͷЦЦֵǬбɾڣڣ
֮⣬˴ͬأֺαؽǣһͽأڴΪңɾΪáҺáҺãԺΪá
ǳ׼ɶ򸾱ǵҴߣʥŮϵǳػ˿йԼҵĵ˵档
ǹǷǷǡ꣬ôսˣ
ĺƾ˭һϤվԼҡΪӡ뻭Ůһģһѵͬһˣ
ξĺʱֵļ飡
ҵأǧĵȺֻҴҲһ˲˴вϣ֮ʣã
ĳʱʹںޣʲôΪ޹ת¶ʮأ֮˴߲ʶֻý֮֮䡣ת֮ʣǡǱ˴֮ʱ
ǺǣʱĳΪǧĵȺ򲻹һȻȴŭʧ⣬ȴ֪ΪӣԼίٴ޾Ŀȥĳȴһ·˰һأпɼٽŪˡأֻ˵ĳǸ
ҶԲס㡭
һѪǷһĨЦ⡣þ֮£̧֡
һɴСɶеһƬ죬вϼ
һʲôְͷ׷ִָһ΢΢꣬üһɫá
һ©޼һ棬Ҫ֧׷緢еһ֧
˿̣ľѪӡڣΪǧ֮ǰ·δȫʧ˵һ֧ȥȻ޴Ѱ٣ǷζȻš
ʥŮµɴһ׵ıв罦мξѪĺۼŮµʶӡǡէһƼΪϤȴһ˿ͬͬûȥ
˵Ǿž̶Ѩɴ׷ȥѰ䡭
һ뵽˴ʹԻ̧ۿǰɫڴ
ڴʱ˴󺰵ϵܣǰȥգçײ
һɴֽͷתȥ
λߵӰԶһ㵽˽ǰеȴڴŴżֽҵ飬кҶ˽ϣüʱáʤǾشǰ˵žȻϵĪҪǰġ
ǰǵһİΣȴԶ֮⣬ʲдһ˵
һ˼ǰһдһ顣йӵ䡢Լɻֲֻᡣ˷һУΨѰʥŮܽ
ʤϤ࣬¡˶ɶŮĳֻЩ棬֪ǶԷȻȥŷ
Ƭ֮һָ˳̬˵𣬻ͨȴ©һ˻֪ʵ飬ȻϰݡʶĳΨǰġ
λȣδæת֡
ʤ˵ڻ֮أĪ⣬Ҳȥ
ΪȻصͷ˵𣡴սŰգٷϴˣҵȶȥ鳤룬ֵڶͬˣԼ֮׳٣갡
ʤȻ͵֡ҵԸ£ػһ
֮䣬ʤ̸Ļ˳ƺ˵ⲻԶֻһյɵۣԸ׷棬ֻΪֵʢ
ʱǴǰһһ׳־һȫ£Թ˽ŷ˵ɵ۴ĳȥʹǣǲȻ
һλߣ̹˵ĸŷѰؽٴƽ֮Сλ֮Ըǿ¥뾵ˮ°ˡΨĳȥ֮ŻŹ˴ԷҪȰתƬ׳۶Ī𺣣ֵ˵ǵŻһأҪʮ֮Żرա˼䣬ĳὫưãٶ١
ΪˣΪѰʥŮԼӵ䣬һòǰġ⣬һԵɡƣ󣬼²ԸУѰǬԪԼ
һԼǲĴˣ⡣λɻʣûȴ֪Ҫηǿв쾳磬ѰǬԪΨһ;
Ѿ
ĸֱأֻ
ʤȽɫĪֹڴ֮󣬺òһʤδ𡣲ö룬ˣؽ׶༪٣
һˣΪȻ죬ȴûյĴɫֳį⡣£ɵĿ˵˴ʶһֵƣĳĪҡλֺαء
λ˪ĬȻ漴˫˫¶Цݡ
ʤһ۹͵˵ϵ޲٣縺ԶŴУ֮ͫ࣬ɾʥߣпҲֵ֣գȫƾϵ͡⹦ˣҶҪδ˽աһָ˵Ϊĺ֮гﱸһ
ȸſǰ˵ͷ˵ʵǾžֻɣ֧Ÿ㽫Ϊգɴǰȥֻѻת
ʤ˵Ҷʿħеĺ㣬ⷵأʹ˷˵һ
һһ˵ͣһԱžп֧꣬бҪȥһĹ˵֮ڱ뿪ѻתգʱͷ
һ͸ͬʱ˼еϴ󣡲ö»ͷ
ʤȲٶԣԵһöһֽӹһͬתȥ
һգһ׳ĺڽ׷ᡣת֮䣬һһܹ籩ǳٿȻྺ֮ƺǷ
״޵棬ηʤ֮͵Хһʱͨ·
ת츳ͨʤһצΪ⡣ͷѵ˼ɿ⣬һ˵꣬ƳͷˣǸϴʹ죡
һӭǰȥȭͷڻͷļͷһԷ㲻ԺһЦ׳ʤʾ£δкѾ޴𣬷۵۰طȥ


1145 
嫣žޱߡ
һɺȥƽֳһӰ
һʤȡͷɾȺѾõǷΪѵĻūЦģΪˡ
һΪ˴δսټΪߣһٴǿС֮λνʵ顣ȫ޾ӹ֮ģϾ˵˵֮࣬㣬ֻƽϡ
ʿ˵˷ɱ˸ɾֻʮūܡԴˣһδūֵзؽڣԼ͸ʷȺ
ͷ⣬һϴͬС
һŵֻҪͷڽ򰲶׵ɵóԸ
ͷһڴӦֺǺǵشŲںХȥǰһץסʥŵöԷֱ
һ뻢ͷֿ꣬˴˼йҡ鷵ɾ;УԷһʵ档
ͷôгʼѳֶѡһ縺ҫǿʢΪͷ׻޽ָԡǳ۳ҵĺ봳£ԼֵܵϴкˣӲˣ
㣬ͷԽĴתȥһʱ֮䣬ܡǧǶԼҵж¶һȺӦʱˣǰȥѰһ䣬ǡԼѰ
ͷƺ񣬲ޱ
˺һʤȼ˹ʾ⣬תȥ
ǿ֮УһתңԶ֮⣬һСƬƳŴ˴һжһŹâؽ硣ʶһ
ؽ磬ȡİֻĲë֮أȻԲԲ״֮ޱߣȴļɰ׵֮£ɽݺе֮ȽȽһųħڴģ
Ƭ֮ԶƬƽٽɷǹѤǷ
һӱһףеһŹâٿȻǰȥ漴͵һתߡɣǧϢĹ򣬾޴ֹһŹâֱӭƬơ
֮˲䣬̻Ȼʧ
һ̧һУâ˲ָԭ״伱תֻʯХȥ

ڣţɽ
ɽԿռšǼС˼ҡĶȻǻŽأȴԶһ䶴һӭˡ
ǰʯ֮ϣһﴨԶþ
һϽ«ĬȻá̬ɣΨ۹ŵһĨɣ
ﴨַף˵ѴūеϤ۹һ̧˸е˵Ҫˡ
һ˵ͷ«һھơ
˵ǾžΪաһҪط꣬δ֪Ҳﴨ̾˵Щ㰲ȡΨĴѣմҵгɣȴ֮λԶȥһ٣żֲᣬϿֵϵ־Զǵ֮ԴȣԸȥһ˳
һһ֣Ͻ«˷תֻΪﴨڴ˴գٳû˵ǲ֪ôӺ˵
ﴨԻ˵ϵܣΪѷǱһ㣬βǰؾһˡְڰ֣ǸȻ˵Ҳ⣬ֻǲ̾ݵͬ
һ°ڣվ׳һſĹ·ѲʹԿ˵ҽµ·߲ˣҲ治ˣ
ϵﴨ˼漴ҡͷǵóҲ˵ָԶĶʾλ̨رԺңڣһʱϻ
һǼ˵Ķ΢΢ЦЦɫһ̧һǰٲݽӣһװǧɫʯǬ䡣
ǡﴨЩ⡣
һƬ̣˵ٰǷǷӣͷ˵ĳ
ﴨɫһ㶿һȦЩ죬漴Լʧ̬æ˫һȥ΢΢һ仰˵
һ̾еһԵʯ֮ϣ˵ٲݽᣬ֮áɫʯΪعūļءδ䣬ѷת˲ʧǿ֮С
ﴨֱ˵ϵܣҲءһԵʯ£Ȼˣٰ֮Ȼ̣˭˵ֲأȴû뵽û뵽ϵᵱǸǰʧ̹

رԺϿ֮Уһԡ̫֮ѱٻڲݶȻԵá
Ͽһɽ֮ϣۼһȺʿкʦͽиӡԪӡ쳤ӡˮӡӡŮӷ򸾣Լūֵܡֵͯܡ˲Զһ䶴ǰиֵӰڱס
ͷҹҵĵ̣Ϊ
ӳ·ŭ߳ϿеΪ̫֮ܲ˽кᡣּϵķʱֱ£ֵضŭ˲·ɱ֮Ҹûꡭ
̤ҡ˲ڵ˵±ߡ
ɫͻ䣬ŵŤͷܡ
δתֳϿȣܵľһݲУһƬǽ塣
ӻع˶һ֣ŭؽеǰΪβֹūóҽѵ
ԴرԺóӳԾ˿ͷʯûˣʱʱҪһϷŪ֪Է˴жݵ׽˭Ͽе֮գ
ūߺЦһԵǻ׶ܣȻԸ¡˵ǰΪһ츳ͨΪǿ󣬸ɡɾǰһͷ˭ǣ˶֣Ҳѵһ
Ϊεس̾һΪĵرԹϣҵķҵľ۱裬ǧɾôûˣ
ǡڴʱһ׳ЦͷҲ˫ĿԲݣ顱һڳӵǰ
ڵʿ󶼲ϵûͷֻǰ٣æһֻּūۣųӣ˵Сӣơƺķɽϵ˽Բҳ
ףҺӲ˵СӣֻϢͣ޴ɶ㣬ֻӭǰıδ󺺣ɻ˭ѽ˴˺𡭡
ͷԴһʱ˵ֻһͷ꣬ǵ̫¡
۹һ϶ѳЦݣȻͷ˵ö룬ҶԼˣѵͷظһͦûԹ׸磬ûûСû˵̧꣬־ǶҪӡ
һӰֱת˲һ˻¡
ڳ˽Ծ⣬ͷһ֣кϴ󡭡


1146 ˮȤ
һ˵̫ݡæһȦ֮ٷؽڣת۱ȥһĹδˣȥһһ˽ᡣ
Ӿ򣬱ΪӴ˺աٲñǰıޣѰһң˭Ͻͻֻ֮İ˰꣬ͣЪڽɵ۷壬ȴҪٴԶСҴææ֮䣬ζ̵ֻΣһǰ
ٴη𣬱϶ʮӰнڵİ˼ҼԼӡڷūͷֵܡЩ˻ڴ˲һͬǰУȻͱ֮⣬ҪΪһ׮µļ֤ߡ
ūֵ֮⣬С
ֵͯϿȵ±ߣңңʾ⣬ȴһɫ㯡
Լҵǰֻ˱Ե仰һ޶ԡʲ˺ѹ󣬾Գɿաλ׸磬Ͼλֵ˵һ仰
ɸ߿ɡһӰзأת˲Ͽһɽ֮ϡ
ֵܼͯæӭȻ𡭡Զ֮⣬أԱӣɷζسسɽˮС
һǰֵܣ˵̧һץ΢ĹâӶԷüķɳ漴Ӧº˵ӴԺͳֵܲؼҿһö˹ȥ˵ĳЩ⣡
ͯϴӹλֵŸп빪һתڿնȥ
ֵܷԶˣһű˫֣ŷ˳ӵ˵һɾһǡʱΪβǰȥո֡
Ǹ˶Ӱ£ȻףǲӣѽֵԵֻˣԷ˫ĿտȻЦЦʼͷһӣʾҼҵɾΣ۹һգֵֵܣǷ᲻øңٺ١
һһǬ˹ȥĬĬųӡ
ӽӹǬ䣬ɫһЩؿһʧٲݽᣬǧʯʽͨæֵǰһʵ㡭ʱ󷽣Ҫռұ˰ɡ
һ£ʵ˵ƽˣ
˺һбۿһҡͷ˵ϵʲôԶŵĸˣֻǳӡ
һü΢ζһЦתͷҲضһ仰ű㽻ﴨˣˮȤ
Ƭ̣һʡ
ԭء۹ǰϣЦݡ

ǳսգ̶̵һ֮󣬸ҵļԼλˣٴ½ɾ
һŽȵһѰ˴ɽµȺ򡣸ҵļͷһɾҪѰһͷˣȥˣҪڸԷһױ廯֮
֮нҸ̵
һ⺮ѣأԱĿδţ߬רĲ鿴ʤ֮УֱӡŴԽһЩɣԼĵĴΡ
ֻϧصͼλȴ˵áԵʣΨһ˷֪ȵȡ
һԣֻʣūֵʦͽ
ūǹɶ񾲣һ˫ȴõɫ֪ʦ˷ԶвᶪԼ㹻ˣͬһöµһλλʦʦȻۣͷ֮ʶõıӻ˴۶סں壬һаá
ֵܺЩסʱʱ˽һѯŹΣһ˵ı仯żһۣɫЩ
ӴŵڲԶ鳤ɫȻϤһڻ˾ʵʹشЦ˼һЯʸ־׷һλˣճɣϻοֽ֮Σ
Ϊ֮ԶһȻҫǰġؽ׳٣Ǽ򵥵ĵԡ
ڷʵģɫȻǰȴǸֳһȵӰ֮Ϯʹ˽סΪ֮Ķְ˻
ūҪʦˣӴ˷Ӱ١
ڷҡҡͷĪȻ֮ȥӲͷƤóһö򣬳ŲԶǸ˵ıӰ˵ūʦãڷһ
ūףǳǳһЦܵڷѺ⣬ūҵ
һе֮УĶδƳ۵ӣͬδֵȴͣ𻰣ֵܸҵβת
ڷЩΣֵܹ֣תū˵ǰЩ£ʦ֮ڷһʱ𣬱ѰŽ֮ҡ⡭
ԣֵû¡
ūȴɫһ׿һԵһʦڳ˼΢΢ͷٲץ򣬺Цȴ֮ȥһöֵҲ˼ʦš
ڷΪ⣬æӹתʸһԵʦҡͷȴɫο䱾˳һ£Ҫ˵ūתȥ΢΢һ漴ĬĬȻ
ֵδ۲ڷĶǱ˴ӣɸ˵ֵܡֵܡ
һӾлۣ˵лܵ
£Եͷˡ
ҶïǸɴ࣬һҧ˵ֵߺ彥û䡣Ҹ˵ˣԲ桭
æ̧ͷǲط˵ֵܲȥ
һתֹ̧סֵżǸȻ˵²ܣɶ˴Сһöհ׵漴ֵ˽괫ڸֵܵĹƾˣ㣡һֵ֣ҳҲᰡȥɡ
ǸӹֵҶïվĥ˻ֵ𡭡
һЦЦ֮˹֡ʦͽյ˺ūվ
ֵܲ˵̳
һԶȥıӰԳδ£ת̧һƳ
ͬʱū㽿
ӰһĴ׳䡣һ˲Ƭƣһ˺ֱ֡
顭һǻͷĶǡ顭һһŨüĿα뺷ڵϡ
ʦͽĿɿڴЩ
ūѱȥ˫ߵͨ졣
һ۹꣬ǷЦ⡣
ǳˣüĿֳ֮ɡɣ䱾ΪֻԼϻ֮ټлͷָ㣬յĹѼЧ
ͷǺǣϴһ㡭ֱȻ£סɵɵֺǣȫȻһԵūɬѿ
˵Щ¶ȴͷĶ⣬붼սȭͷ֣Ʊˡ
ͷΪȻҡԴΪȵкԺҽи磬˭۸㣬ҡͻȻʲô΢΢һ㶣˵ϴ۸ҡ
תһɫжǡ꣬ûһѥӣ֮Ϊ׾ؿڵϡϴ롭


1147 
Ƭɽ֮ϣ˽
ڷѰһƺǿ֮һʾ£ͬŮԶӽ¡
ǺԲΪŮǺڡڳ˱ֻСΪС׾ʶȤȺ˲ڡԵ̬в޲ʣ洺ģԵĿãⳡʢᣬԿοƽ
һİ֮⣬λڵĸ֡ӾֹǫԪӵ˴֮ദǢѾǰӡ
Ѯ֮ڣ߼ҵļԵĵմˣԼʥ̵˳һһ񣬸ԾͽЪϢȺ
ͷʥץ˻ȥδسͣǷԸλơʥǼΪ̰ȨԺǣСȴ֮߬֡棬Բ˶ߣ
һڵĵطƽ̹һɽȶǻͷūӵˣʦͽ졢ƽ˾ҵˡɢܣ⣬ԼȴҲб
ֹգľλԼǶʲõڻͷһ¡һأԶȻ߬ĬĬ
ɾѻû˾µĽƣֻƮǿеһ޴Ĳʯˣ˴ټ
Ƭ֮رΪСδɾѰС
ǰٴθֳһ˶Ӱһסҡͷܳǰ˭޹ؽҪԼ·Լһɽˮһֻǣ
Ϸ糾֮ˣǺʱԼĹۣɣȴ쳾Ƽ䣻̺ʱĮʮꡭ
ֹգʤ˲δС
˴ҹռҸԶԶڳ˱ɲ
һͷӭڳĸʿżгƺǰģгƺģ޲λ˾мӡ
λƵƵʾ⣬һǰе̧кǺǣȻϵڴ˾ú򣬽Կʤ֮͵ǰΪδҶ˲٣ϵܼ¡
һ֣ѵλؼ⣬ĳ絽հˣ
鳤룬Щ˵ϵܣ֮ǰйԸҵȾۼڴнв֪
ʤ˵ʱ˵أڡüһãֱԲ䡣ĪǸͷȣֵϵɵ۲ѡԷɫһæӦ˱á
ŵôԣڳһͷ
һɵһ±ܶᣬ۹ӹܣ˵ʵĳԶСȥ֮ǰʱһӣгһӯĹâ漴˵ĳؽ磬λԼ湲ͬƹܡλ䣬һסһŰɫâƷࡣ˵ͷ֮ϣӯ˸죡
״
ʤϵ֮ܵס뿴һԲԡ꣬˫˫ҡͷֻóŹâһѪӡӵ߼Ҽ֮Ч£һȴǽʥ˳һһͷ֣ļλͷȲʩ
ڵİ˼Ҽ桢Щ˴ȻһȴбҪͬһ㷲Ƿδ֪Ĺء
һ̧°ͳȺеʾ⣬ӡŮ˰֡ɫȻ׽ȴֲɡ
λټһԼ˴ʮλ֡һľٶԶҲΪ֮ˡ⣬ӵΪȻ߹£ҵȻŮ
һҳҵĳ͸ʵ˹֣ſοɫ󲽶ڵİ˼Ҽٳɣ̼һξѪ
һû棡Ҵռ˾ڽиѰһϯ֮أǶ˵һŵ
ŹâʮŵξѪ֮һɫĹ⻪ַɻصһϡԵṳ̄ն˵λ仰䣬ֱǿһӰǣȥ
һ֮ʮӰǿؾۡ
һٵ飬ٴһסֻǹâٿȻ漴ּ˸ϢĹ㻯֮ޡ⻪תĪ⣬εΪ׳۶ǷٲȻһżΪƣڰ֮С
ڳ˴֪һؽĴڣ˵״ȴͷؼʶ
һ־Ӷһ΢硣
ֻǰľɫһ䣬Ȼء֮£һĿ
֮ϣһƵĹâӳķ¥̨ͤ빬֣͢ж֮
Զ֮⣬иɽһ׳۵ʯƷϵɼ̨
֮£һƬء޼ʵĻ֮Уޡ
һūһɽ֮ϣ˷˵λޱɾʩ˴
˻ȻɫڴޱɾеɳأһѵõڣȻ˴ɼͨ
ʤɻ˴ɾ׺ȴ˾þӡ
ָǰ˵ǰ﷽Բ̫֮ΪŨ
һּ̧һǰɽϽ̫֮Ȼըת˲ȥƬ̣֮뵡Ŀ೤ƣȻʡķʼǡʱ֡⣬
ӽ󣬽ΪУλΪ׳ơΣĿԴۻ֮ʣһʮſƴСƣ˵ƾĳƵƣȥ磡һɫֵʤλ˵¸صǰΪ֮𣡵ðͼıߣϳ͡
б𣬹Ȼ˲飬һӦǡ
һʤǰֱݹöԲͬ˵֮Узķ
λӻ⣬̹Ȼӹ򡣽ΪУԲٳֵȴֻλ
һµһףҵĵ˽һöգԵɽϵ֮£һӣ顱һһɶߵľ޴ʯܣз
Χ˹Բ
ȳʯԼӶ꣬סɫ΢䡣һԵʤǾһһһŵָʯʵϵܡ㡭
ͬʱӵߵʯıһ̾ѡ
Ϊɵ۵ġʾֶΡλĳʶֻ֮еģ֮ʣӡ޷ڡһʤֱۣת˵ΪˣĳʯһС澭֮һС֮ҪӳֽͬΪɾڵԲ磬
ʤȻ̾ϵܵⷽ磬Ȼ֮⡣Ϊɾ಻ΪԶŴлݼˣʵǵķ
ȼ߼´һص˵˴ɽͥԺΪأ˲ÿֳӵ˷Ըڴһº󣬼̷أ¥죬Ϸءһ٣ֵǽɾԺɾŻԸ첢פ
֮УɳأԶŴСֻԾӪȹκһɾ
ʤǸɴͽϥ۽ʯܣͬǲϴⳡԵ
ⲽͣδɾ
һſڣֹȻ˽磬һбԼ޹ءԺΣ뿴˵컯ת˫ѭɽǰȥ;ʯݵʱͣһ¡ū뻢ͷ˽ʧԶ
ڳ֮Уֻдڷͷһۡ


1148 
⻹ǵħеʯɽѳ޷֮ơ·ĶڣԱյļ龰פڴˣ᲻ɵ˾ĵƻһ㡢㡢㡭
һڰ֣ūͷͣԾٲǰڣһɵĶѨ֮СʮλʿԾ˵˷Ĵ֮ʾ⣬ǰȥ
Ѩһ磬һСĵطΪɫâ֡кһʯнػܡ
һ˴ֹ
Ľ΢΢£ֳһģӰϥɫȴ͸һ˿οЦݡüĿڵģ
˴Ƭ̣ڿڵ㼰ʱ֣лҲлֻ꣬¡΢΢ҡͷֵˡǸִš°ֿˣ仰ȣһоڲС
һ죬˵֮Ͱˣҳݣпɣʱգ
ں״⣬ʵҪǰġ
һ˵ͷɫ
ĬȻƬ̣õӰҡ£˵еĶ˴ղѳΪɾ㹦Īɡͣ٣ʵѰɾһһ񲻸ã
Զߴɾֱ졢¡졢ޱ桢еƫԶ֮ʶΪáҪôѲǰҪôٴ
йڵ飬һûٴ;ŵ֮ʱȺִԴʿͷ
һ˫֣˵ߴɾҽһһ߹֮˶ҲףȴϾ롭£ζؽ˵һŷ죬һյƻ𣬸־Եߡ
һյƻ˼
һüһֵⷽΣ˭Ҳ֪Ըִɾÿһλ߸ӵϧ˴һóһǬӣڷ֮ǰʾʱԭ԰գ˺Ҫȥ
ţ
̧õָһ㣬ϵǬһâԶʱλūܣһ˫Ŀնɷ֮⣬һöƷ˵ľɾڵĿܣԼصƷţҴӻŴǿ֮ʣ׳ɫ
ڵ֮ʮ˵źѱһȫߡ˿֮ǿﾡã
һףһȻչС˹֣˵ʹ˱
ڸž΢΢˵ֵܣԸٻᡭ
һû˵һЦ˫䣬ת󲽶ȥ
̾ɢȥӰ
һɽ֮⣬ū뻢ͷھȺ򡣶ԷæһԲ
Ƭ̣һɽ֮ϡһͣ½ŲĿ꣬Ÿпɫ֮УʵϰӴԺ󣬻Ҳزˡ俴ңǺЦѯʵ˿ö⣿Ҫĳȥ
ͷһɣΪ˵ϴǺ⣿ߡ
ѧһɷظźһ
ūһ׵ʹȻǰһסʦ䣬ٲ֡
һ۹һĨůɫˬЦǺǣȶݷǿ⣬ȦС̧֣ϸֳһʯӡ
ͷмʶһ¶ԭûӰ
ūһҪȴһֻǬӵݵǰ֮л𣺡һǧʯոΪʦ쾳硭ֽӹӣСһЦȦ֮С
һٴξĿɫĪҡҡͷ꣬ת˲Ѵ缲۶ȥ
Ƭɽ£˽æʯϵľģǳﻮδ

һʱ֮һǿյԱ򣬲Ҫ·ȴȥһٶɫ档һȺӰԶΪ׵ʿ
;ͬӭǰڳưݼһˣ쾳ĸ֣к塢ŮС
һؿʮˣʵȥδ
ӻصҽܷǨڶӵ󡭡
Ӧǿ࣬ÿϧ
һûأ㿪ʼˣһüͷ΢壬˵ѽ棬˾ƱҪɵذڰֵҲ֪λתһȼ̻ת󣡡
վŲɫɡ
һɫһ˵ĳռˣȥʵ棡䶯ŭ𲻸棬ֻô׳ǣ漴תء
ǿ֮УһĬȻƬԺЩҵһ˦䣬ֱҫ۴ɶȥԼ޹أԸʤȵ˺Ϊ֮

ٴαһƬ𺣣ɴϸĺɫڽǧ֮⡣ŇqһĪĴ죬ȴ
ʱ˿̣һͣ£סתɢʶȥؽһһ۵ס
ǼΪƫԶ֮ԼԼϤɽ󺣣Լ
һһƳɫȻʧ˫ۣ͵תȥ
ǧĹתɲǣȻһĨɣĵסįȴȻ
һؿȻһ¡δȻ˫ۣױ壬¹â̤ȥκɣһͷ뵽ڵĶ֮С漴һ罦Ӱ١

һյʱ֣ļѾõɽ֮ͻȻһâ
Ƭ֮һʯ֮ӰһλǸ۵ӣüĿƣ͸ĻܡһλǸ°׳ȹػŮӣü£òͬЩƣ룬ȴɫȻ
ǰɽʮĳ̣Ϊ߷ڣܱ鲼ҰײΰʯԪŨһǿĽƷסϵȥ·ǰǳ֪١ĪڣǺη
Ī򣿺Ǻǣ̲סǺһЦǻڵΪһһƱˡ
Ů̧ƳһԵӣᣬǾƮȻɽȡȻŻڵΪȴλͬΪ˼ɡ
ӲΪȻк֯ѣʱ;й϶ػǡɽ֮Уָ̧ǰֵǹȿΨһ·Ѱ˴һ֪ʦǰ䡭
Ϊ֯Ůͺ󼸲ü΢˵³ѣҲ㡭
Ϊ³Щ죬ͷ߳˺òʶȤͬλѣֻʣҶˡ³ĳ֮ʣ֮СЯ֮ʣɷֵ𡭡Ӹ£ˣֵΨѰʦڣҵȷ֮ء˼ҵɵ֣˰ȥȻǾ粻
֯ɫ糺죬ŭ⣬粵һ·̫֮裬λѡ
³һɣһӣȵݵ£
ǡڴʱ˴ǰĹȿзΪһλߣڵǰ˴ѳ˰˰꣬Ȼٴ˶ˣǻڵĸ֣ҵʦҵڴֵأ򡭡
³˲֯ǰְݵ³Ծݣλǰλѣ˴Ǻڣ֪ʦŰӵĵš
֯һԣ΢΢ǷɫһԲ
˵˽ǰһ
˴³𻰣ʵǾŵӣԵ
һ˼ɫɻ
³ЩͿСķ˵²ԾţǾݵĵš
룬ʵǷ֪Ҽ̫ϳ˭ҼλˣҫֵҼ̫ϳϣҼ죡ٽҾ֮ҡײƭߣ洦ɼ
ߺʦŵĽϵĪ½ľݣ
³ԭأһʱ֪Ӧ
֯ͷһʱ˵λǰĻ֯ԡ½ľݡʦﴨ
ɫһ䣬ֱ߳Ҽ䡭
֯Ļ˿ǿԹ˵һ֯ѡ
߳ʧʦ壡ŮӺô󵨣ϵһС
³Ŀ࣬㱡
üɫ裬Ҵǰ֯﹪һϲԽȻǹˣҼڴ˹ʱҲ
˻Ȼ򣬼æЦСܼʦ㡭
֯ǺЦһɣȦнסʦ˼û˵ӣ𡭡


 ب


1149 ͷʼ
֮ǰ𺣣֮һƬڰ
ʲôҲʶʡ޾ķںХͣĪΣ˵սľ
һ̷Ԩһ̤֮УȻججԳ֣Ψǿķתš׹ţǬߵƾһʧ׽ļ尾
֪ȥ˶ãڽ֮У
һֻһᣬǰȻҽңǰȥʱ֮ŻסΣƣĿ
һƬǿգûʶټǳֻǼΪңԶ֮⣬вܲĹâɫöǳ
Ǻڣ֮
֮ϣޱߵ򲻹дһ硣Ȼǽȥʶ֮ǿտտ
ɫ֮⣬֮ϣͷƲֹһ
һƬ֮תȥס΢΢ݡ
ǧ֮⣬ԭ֮УȻһŹ硣ҲֹзڽСһɴϸĺɫȻɱ棡
Ǳʱľգǵʤ˵žǿɣֻάҡ¿еĶбպ֮ףˣҪػأǴ·ͨ
һ԰ȴ㯡Ӵ죬Ĺ糡Σֻڼ֮УԼһǧˣȴƲŸո𲽡
ָΣ
˷֮УͼѰĺƣҵӵ䣻Ծʹں󻼡õ񾭡Ϊ֮أȻǰ߽Եóѣֱֻвö֪
⣬˵ŪžеʱҲùȥһĹϵĸ·ʱʱ̱̿ҲתΪʵƣȻһʱΣݣѰһ֮ЪϢ֮ƽϲ٣
һٴķڴ¡꣬һ̧ӰȦзɳֱǱ뺷쳣Ļͷ䲻˵ū
ͷ֮ʣ˳ؼڳȥתٿȻأӶֺˣ˺δ
ֻתһȦɵһԡ׳ֱֱͦ򣬳Żͷһһٵ˺ģ¡仰Ȼɬȴ˫Ŀȳȣͷʱơ
ֵܣ֪˴ǺģĪɣͷ˽ǰ̧§ļͷ޼ģŵĻȴžӸµɫٲȻǽԷСֵܣ
ͷһȴѲŭȴͷڼͷıһԡŭӶԷһۣ³һ֣
ͷ飬ȤΪȻغһ֣ЦǺǣŻμգǰ뿪ЦҴ֮üĿһ¡ѵõ洫вɾ磬ȻǱԾԣģҲôࡣ
üӢ䣬ƺ磬뻢ͷҲ·硣ſڵֻһȥֺα֪ʣ
ͷԴ룬ЩƵ֪֪ʡ
˾֮ʣһ΢Ц
һһУİȴ͸żϤʹ˱С뻢ͷ飬Ҳ˼ּį
ūɫȻһᳶһ䣬ʵʦ˴Ǻġ
һһƳٴɫ˵ūԵΪʦķԸ
ūʦŭסСţæͷȥ㷢䣬Ĳ΢΢Ȼ
һĻ͸߳Ӽֱ쾳֮ǰ뿪Ȧ벽ۺʱεأΪΨһƾ̡ȻеӴߣ㲻κⷢ
ūΪɣæǷӦǣһȦ֮Сȥ֮ʣ̧һӣ߾ȻһĨߵǳЦ
һִݵֵк·֮⣬֮ν·̣ѰĶݷԡأ뼱Ÿ·˵ˣһдͷʼշ

ʮ֮һŹǳǰ䷽Բʮѣ֮£ɽݺᣬľïʢˡ޵Ӱû
˴磬Ϣ˹֮ϡ
һƬɽֵڣľɭɭŨ졣ּпʮɴСĿյأľҵĴʯϻһ̦Ϊž˼
һ𣬲ľ̦ȥһӿնһྻƽķʯ֮ϡ֮˲䣬Զ顢顱죬Ӱһǰһֱֱڵϡ
һϥҡͷ˵ιֳĶҵȳէΪҪ֮֮ʰȻָյĴݡλֵܣʵһԲɶõǿˡΪԺ֦ڣֵ֮ʣԼϴٲҪһԴ̡
ͷԵһЦ˵Ǻǣϴ֪ӷƣٶ
仰ΪȻһص˵ͷ
ͷΪ̧һ§ļŪҼ˵𣬷ŵ仰Ҵже
һȥԻͷľֹϰΪٿܣ乴էһҲżֵܵģ
һһ֣ż׳ҡҡͷ˵˴ΪƫƧȴͨŻڡҵʱ֮·δر֮ǰɵִ·ʶ˲߸ߴݱּ䣬⡭
ͷɿ˵ʮ֮ڣްˣϴıǡ
ֲһҪ֮λܲðԼһ޼ƿʩ
һᣬԹ˵ֻȥΪй¶мҸ·վãЪϢһ˵֮䣬ɵϽ«׹һڣΪسһ¡
״ͷһǰֵǺǣͷơ͵ҲҪһ˽ǴߵģֻҪȥƺ«
ĳһǷһĨЦλֵܲҪҪˮź˵Ҳûɶĳľͳɣһ˦ʮװľ̳ӻȻɳ
ͷϲץ̳תߡѧӹ̳Ӹ˹ȥ
һüͷһ壬ȵҪδ
ͷڰ֣ͷҲصӦ㾲ޱǣֵȥơ
㶮£һ٣ת˵˴޵֣ϴ뵣ǣ䣬뻢ͷʧ
ּյأֻʣһһˡ־Ͻ«һûκΣ
˴ΣʱѴ·ʮ֮ڣ˳ûͷΪӦò¡ԼΪЩĲأ
һ̧ۿܣļž֮У·Ųδ뿪Ļ㱡֮ľΪİһЩŹֵࡣԶвӰ
˴Ǻģһĵط
һϽ«ָһһ߬ɫʯɣһ߽ʶ֮С


1150 ˭۸˭
ʤµĲǵָһأǰ˴ֱΪǧġħġġҰϡȪ鶯磬ư˻ġռһƬ޴򣬲ƶɰ˷֮ơǴӴ˿ȥǼΪ嫵һƬ˴˽ӵ໥֮ȴңԶ
˻ģвͬǧġħġģɡħԴڣΪʢҰķ㼯֮ءϡȪ鶯磬޺ȴطǳ
ڵʤڵ˵ϤĵطǧҰˡΪģһʱħġģԼȴ֪֮١
ߣ˻֮໥Ʋתνİ˷һɲ䡣
ʶҲûͼһԵʣ˵Ψʵأһߣ
⣬ڵ޼ʣȴֻǾ֮һ졣
֮ϣаأֱΪɡϡ¡䡢ࡢࡢ΢֮ɴ˶
µİأһִ˵й飬ֻеʲ֪һ
ž
žּ䣬һ΢ΪһӾ˫̧ۣ֡ʯѳɳƮ䡣̺̫֮塣Ϊָ룬ƣԻȴҲ֪Ĺȥա
һֵ򣬰ҡͷʤڲԼĺ֮Уֻ˵ļʶǳʲŶһɲ֮꣡ʵ󡣱ǰƫԶǳǲҪһطѰԼ񾭡䣬ڴ룡
ӣֻҪ㻹ҵȻѰǧɽˮأб˴գҵҡ
һ̧ͷüʶ
ⷽڿƫƧȴľ磬洦ŵ̫֮䣬鶯ʹ̩
һƬïܵס񷣬ʶȥһࡣ֮⣬ʱĺɫȻڣȴδ״
ڴ˴ʱ̹עžžĶԼ⣡룬ǺĸϤûأɾˣͷֻԼʹ죬ﻹ˵̡
һʲôɫɻ
ѽһ̳ƵĹ治СΪ񲻼ת
ǰٴ˵أΪǲҪ鷳ʱֻҴһӶδϸۣʶɽҰһס΢΢һ꣬վ𣬻һ紩ֶȥ
֮Ȼʮ֮⡣
һԽһƬ޴ɽȣֹסȥơ
˴λڹǵı󣬼ױ˺ԡ
һɽ֮ϣŰݡľҡҷһ羰
ɽǰһƬµءٸߴ׳ĺӾ۳һȺһƤ뺷ֳֵ˷ܵشСšŹ֣ס
˻֮УһλĲߡ£˫Ŀգдʣһָ·
ʮ⣬һŵĹâ֮£ͷԭתȦӡ˲޴󰭣Ȼȴħһ㣬ԵɵɵģǱһλȭҪһλŲöֵ֣ܣ㱾£߳ȥ
˲ԶĵϣżͷѪģޡ
һﾹȻ֮ܵԶĪǾ˷ˣһȺסֽţȴ°Ȼ
һƵߣƺ׳ЩͬеǿھеĹ޹Ƶļ׷ɬѶӳ֮£ƺ޷ΪѰĹȣȻһĽƣסǿˣ
ǽ֮ɱ֮뷲׼ġǽΪ·ֻһ򵥵ѣȻˣʹûͷͷת򣬵ҲЩã
Σһ
Щ˸˲˻ͷֻʱˣʹ޼ɵļһЩͷ޻
һֳΣͽµ֮ϡԻҾɣȴһȾټֹƮݣģɫտȻٲȻ˵ȣʱɽΪ֮һ
Ŀ֮£һƮȻǰС˽ʮ֮⣬ֹžֳɽ΢΢ʾ⡣ҪſڣȴЦ˴˿죬ιͨ
лңȴֲͣ£ֻһ˫۾һһĶõԵʣƵȻ亹乡
ڴʱһʮͷĺӳȺɶĸͷಲ̹ڲ׳ͷҷ֮£һ˫ԲۻŰһǷűһ󼱺𣬲ָͷǼΪŭ
ɽϵȺڣһץеĵ˲
һԺƶǶɵɫãȻ΢΢üָ̧һһεʶٿȻǺӵʶ֮У漴Ϣء
Ǻ£漴عֵҵ֮ʱȴеңд׼ʱ֡
һƾµΪҪ鿴һ˵ʶˣν׾١ڶԷŹֵԣѰաǰ󲻹˲䣬Ȼˡ
Źǣߵһɽݡ
ݣȻ˶ϡ٣ȴҲ֮ڡɢԳȺΪ
ǺΪ⣬ڵȺ塣֮ڣΪǧ˵أɽǰ֮ʱͻƵޡʮܲһʱ˲ء
Ƶޣ״͵ӤײȺ⡣
ǲӦսֻתӴܡ˭ϹƵ޾ϣһ·׷ᡣ
ˣڹƵ޵ı۳ң໥ִ˲ƣһͷ޲գ۾ͱһȭΪߣˡ޾Ȼֱ֣Ⱥӵض
и棬ܶ޵ϮΣͷ״ڶ˼ʱӭС˭ˡ顱˹ƵޣűҪֱ롣
ףеػߡΣңʩסˡ
֣ɳֹȻشƫƧ·顭
һϤԭί֮󣬿˿Ƕͬ񹲻ѵֵתȺ鼤ˣò˫֣εһ˵ĳλɬһ漴˳ֵ࣬Ϊ֮ˣշԹ̡ܽա
˽Ǹ߸ϣλͣ
ĺӰһɫڴ
Գ֣æһͷھͣ£û˼ӳ֣ʮƬâȻʧ䱾ίڵأɫΪƣ
ͬʱѾõȻת˴漴໥һеĻͷ˲һкһɣֱ׳ŤͷǺã᲻ǡŻӶȭͷߵᡭһίͬ飬һŭ֮£֮ɲˣ
ڳû˭˵һᣬҪģɽϵ׳ǾԱɫæһ߬еĵǴҡҡλαҪ鼱֮ȴ̱ڵء
һ״߳
ŷһɫÿæ˫˫һաͷһʮɣǰǺһ֣˵ϴֵܲҪֱƺȣ˭ǻ
һ˹ΪȻظ͵ߣ۸ˡ
һ졣˭۸˭


1151 
ˣ˱շˣɽֻع鵽յ֮С
ǷеĳȺǰȥߵ塣еĽƵ޸Ƥ޹ǣȻ飬еĸµн
ȼڣҹɫʱ֣
ĿȥðƲӰΨԼĻת֮УһԲԲ׹âк££
ɽȣ˲㵭ɫɽµ֮䣬Ӱ´¡
һأΪ׵һԣĬĬ̧ͷһ̵Σ񲢲İ
ͷվһ󣬰֮Уһ̧ͷҳﻹֹŲͣ
ͷϴ󲻿졭
Ϲ˵¡
ϴˣ
ŲأŮˡ
ΪҪŮˡ
ֵܣδɣ̫ˡ˶ϲŮˡ
㡭ᡭ
ֲۼҵĶ֣۰
Ůкκô
Ǽλ˵ʿϲ˫֮벻ŮˣӦˣǺǡ
Ϊβ˫ޡ
˭׻ްеĴƻۼҵķ֮ڡ
в֪ǺģҺʶһ
һأָĶȥ
ţҪŮˡ
ֵܲŮˣѰͷƻ㡭¸£ϴ󡭡
ϴҪŮˡ
ͷǰۿæʱʵࡣ
һӰһƳָ̧һ꣬漴ϸ΢Ĺâת˲ֱûԷüĵ֮С
һԣʵϴ
ͷмʶ˵ϴ󽫱صķɣʶ֮УԱֵͨɶ˵
һһͬһʶϵȦ֮Уתǰūܵ߳ԺҲÿʯйꡣΪĿ졭
⣬Ϊ׵ѴӾѲ֮ǰƣģɫ󲢾ӡһʼһԣæץԵĹȣллɳͣǳҲ۹ӹǻͷǽסһ
ףΪȡ
һأԶЦ˵ȴףؾ񡭡ԷеĹȣֵ㲢ΪȫƾȣвҲ֮Ͱˡ
ʱ֮ڣһ֮ѽǰλԼԵĹȣԿ˸ͨ͸
ȴףΪòϣȴ׳ķȻ졣ˣרŴ򰾹֮һЩŹֵĿھڰǶķ󣬵Ҳ֮
һףҪԸˣֻ˵ɼΣһͷһﲢ޶⣬ȻֻǺľ³
һ֪ãԼֶΰλһѡԷԾ֮ǿ˲٣ųл
ֵɳݹ٣Σʵ֮ңѰ峤ͨһԺ򡭡
峤ҪȥѰңʶ֮Уἰ峤һͷɻ󣬽˵ҳٴ˵أŰݻǣͬСݾܾ
Щ⣬һ´
ڴʱһ׳˽ǰ˵ףһ׵תһ˵ɳƲ뱸Ϊ⣬ǴǰһԻǸˡ
Զɽ֮ϣѵȼʮܺѹѹۼһǧˣ٣Ůڳⷽ˱Ƶľ̳ӣһܣ
ЩΪѣʾɳƲ
һڰ֣ЦǺǣĳ̻գִڽʱһ̧ɽȥ
Σֻ÷Ը⣡ɳ⡭ԷͷӦǣ£ȴֿһԶɫɡ
һ˼ס׿ȥֵܲδУǶӰԭأ˫˫һüкͷ
ͷæŤͷֲ̧˴죬ŲǺЦ㡭ͬ¿ˮתһʾ㡭
ɫû˵ȷǳˣΪ͡λֳ롭ر뺷֮ʿͷÿ֮ģŽύһ
ԵУ˱ȫ֮ҲȺοصͷתһֵɳĪҪǵĳ⣡
ͷԵȵĻͣǺֵͷտֵԣȻ⣡
ΪȻѧ̧ڻͷļϣȲظ͵ֻˮܹȻ⡭һºʵڡԷ⧲֮£סһ򣬵۵ֵܣҪзִ硭
һȻƬ̣һ˦ӣ˵ĪңȥȻ߳ʮԶ󻹴ֵЦˮܹ⡭

ɽ꣬Ƭ֣֡ǵϿȡ
ȴ״һϿȵָһͱϵĶѨ˵Ҽ峤Ϊ𣬱ڴ˴ޣ
˴ʱɽ꣬ʮ·̡
ϿȲԼĪɽ岻ߣɶѡͱڶѨʮɡ֮䣬һխխʯʵҹɫ֡ľïܣ磬һľڡ
ڴ˾ޣ
һ·֮ϣ״ǰУһɻࡣ´ʱͷһƳ̧ͷ̲סʵȴף˴Ƿ˵
ݣ˹ǣΪƫƧס߽ΪĵķˡȻ뺷ȴ׹ȻЩֶΣһ۱ϳԼʿݣ˵޹ȴ̹Ȼ֮ܲ˸е档
⣬һĲ峤ȻȺӣ˷˼
ȶһЩ⣬˲Уʾ£ֵɳˣȴǺתԽݴԣеĹȡᡱһʯϣͷ˵롭
һδ⡣˿ԼʵɣߵıӰҡҡͷ̧Ÿ˹ȥ
Źû춯һǰһѭ׶ϡ
һ˫֣ܵΣڼ˵ÿʮ꣬ݣ£Ϊп˵ɳͣƽ
ŵôԣһȻڷ˵ν˽Ǹ߸ϵشڡ˴ƽԴߣӦ޼ͷһʵÿãŻ˵Ժδ
ʮ겻ȣÿǽ֮ʣҵȽмӣ˴֮䵹Ҳల¡й飬ö֪ȶеĹȣͣصҴ汲Щ˽ңԶİ˻ĵؽ硣ڰ˻ںη峤֪һ˴£תֵɳѵǡ֮⣬һɳ֪˻ĵڣԵҪʹѯһأ
˵λȴû˷֮ģȴǲй¶Լҵĵϸһ֪ʧԣֻ÷ܵǺǣҲһʰˣ
Ҵ׵汲ˣ˱಻ضðֻϧ¸Ǵªƽӹ񲻹ȺѣˣټһͣȽסعżڴЦɳЯ
˵֮䣬ѵʯݵľͷǲԶĶѨǰһʯͷӰһ¡


1152 峤
Ѩͱڶ䣬ġ߸ߣһ˶ѡǰпɽ·ʯɴСΪҰӲǡ
峤λߣһ۹ƤڶѨǰܲľסӰէȻһһûʯ
һʶȻת֮ʣסȻ
ߵĺ߶೤縣ǰҰݾһɵҷ֮ϣͬųҶΣΪһ壬ڴ˴˶áˣ˻һһȴĮȻٲȻһģ
һվʯݵľͷһʱ˲á
Źߵߵһɿ⣬ǷǷӣ˵ˣ˼ɽΣ֮ʱ־еӵܣصǰ˴һʾϹ֮ɳҼҵ峤
һž֣ȫ˵ͷǷһĨ΢Ц峤ˣӦóھ⡣ݻᣬ˵ǹ˼ĳݡĪǸˣ̸ֹ䵹Ҳ塣
峤ûĬĬˡ۹ƺ˼˼ֵʣתһãȻڴ˴˵ԵʣʹӦ伫Ϊٶۣ
һΪȻطüģѪһţ漴ɫɡԷȫ޷ȴ볣ЩͬԵɣҲЩͿ
ȺǶԴԤϣȴεҡҡͷתһҪ˵䡣Ƭ֮λ峤ͻȻʵ㡭ΪҪҵˣ
⻰ʵĹŹ֣ȴڳ֮СϷɵģȥϵѵԼľٶ˳棿Լֵǳˣĳ֮½رģǧһֱˣֺأ
һЦ˵ȣˡ
峤Ų£ԵҰ΢΢ҡΡӦѪԵʣһʱԵóѣֻ̧һ˵ɵˣɳȻ൱š顢顱΢ĶȻϵϸСһһϡ
һ۹һ˿ɫ̲סӶǰȥѨǰ֮ڣζٱ䡣ܵҰɽ£Ƴм֮УʼնŵڻƮ𡣶뷢֮ʣƵϲ޾棬ǼΪ򶨶ݡ
˫أҡҡͷ̾ˣˡδȣԸѵһλˣ಻Ҫֽһȥ
ȵͷ⣬һЦЦתѭʱʯɽ¡
ᡢᡭ
ûʯ׵ĶԶһȻĬĬŲԶλߡԷ˫ԭⲽҪӹǡŲǰ೤ĺҡȥݣ̻¶Ƥ֮֫ɸǲѷͬһʬҹɫлε
Ƭ֮ͣЩǸȻɵһ鷲в֪ܷɳ̸һ
һ鷲ȴڲ֮УĪ˲ɣ
һ°ڣ̧ɽ·ʯ˵ףкβɡڶԷʩʩȻ£ֹ
֮ߵģԷɫڣƵϣƲüд࣬һ˫ϸĿ͵ɫ
˵ͷ̬֮ǰҪࡣϸЩӲЦݣ˵Ǻǣɳ֣Ϊˣȴڴ˴޶꣬ϼ¶á
һ֮΢ЦĬȻ
ǰףɽż˲ָ㡣ʶԴɽΪ˵һ꣬ҪΪʦȴ֪߲СǲʣλɳƤһλ֮ﳤȥ漴գҡͷ˵ʱ꣬ƤɣеĿھȴ£ͬĶ֪ͬ壬Ȼʢӡ
һɫһ
䱦ȴþò⡣Ϊˣֻλɳķ֮٣һŭ֮֮ˡ¹ڻ˵ǲޣߣĲܵõǺ±ڴ˴˼ڤ롭
һ˴⣬ûߣУԷǶλδ֮ʿ˵һҪﵽ˾磬ֻ޼䱾ּ롶̫ؾ롰ת֮а֮⡣
֪֮Уȴǳãȴļתȴ˺ůһꡢʮ꣡˵Ȼսȴδ˷ʶڰٺȺ֮³֮Ժ㣬һȻ򡭡Ӧû˵һڱƻ˸˶Ϊ̸ֵΪˣ
һŲԶߣɻ½ŨΪˣ򵥵һ仰ȴԢ
ԭΪΨء绽õߣΪˣԴڰ֣תǰĳ룬źǿ϶飬˵ֻȻڤһǽţԴ澳硣֮⣬ҲǧأһʱȻڡ
һüһ˼Ǳ޵ĸˣȴ޵ĳ㣬Ȼǧֻһ·׷𣬴Եķ羰Ƭ̵İСͷֵõʲôѣԼı̺죬ԼˮȤ
˵ǸȻڵӣĪԵľ硭
һʼռĬЦǺǣһǳļʶˣɳĪҪЦ
ιȡЦһһ䣬˵ڴ˴ƣģԷ֮ʳ̻ٳ꣬ν粻ףĳмҲ
˵ɳ֪֮˽Ԫ೤ֻɽײвˣʹȺ׳󡣶ȻƳֻ̤֮֮أ޻ӣŶǸвʣȴʵɳдͽ̡
һ𣬰ԿȻʦӡԪӵˣΪȴΪĪ˵ɷİ·;֮ͬ˴֮䣬ֺη۵أ
֮νһŵϦȻȴԴ̫ߣΣζʣδ壬ѭҲ
һ뵽˴˵Ԫ֮⣬Ȼ볣ͬʿһ٣ֵڴ˴֮ʣȺ֮ұ֮ۡ붨֮ã˵Ĳ̲ҵ໥дѡдǫѷ֮ǣǲ١
ûģ˫֧תҪ̤һԵĶѨֻͷ˵ɳҪ⣬һ㼢ѳ֣µĳʳĸͷһҪ߳һͷȴƾɵƤ˫ţټϺݶޱ߷ʮһʳߣﻹǷǸĪ峤
һΪȻҡҡͷͷȴɻȥ
ϻسʣ¹⣬ѹ֮ãҿʳһǺǡ
ȥأһںڵĸ⡣ϥ£֧𼸸֦顣֮רעԵʯͷһδƣָһһƻȻ
Ƭ̣ȼ֦㣬һɽζ
һɫһʵ峤Ϸ
һųŻ磬һø֦飬̧ۿһ˵ʯ֮𣬲߷һ룬ȻֵŶνķˡ֮䣡æϵĶһοЦлɳͽ̣
֮䣡
һĬȻ


1153 ִ
ϰ죬ҹʱ֡Ͽ֮УһⲽС
˴ľïʢٲ紺ʱڣȴ֪ĳ֮УֻдżҰԵҹ绺ȻƢһĪ궯
һĵҹɫ֮УԡبѾõķ硣㱾ţǹһкѱԶԶ󡣶ǰȴǻӣѪڷڣ
һ̣ͷźصĺ̤̣עҪȥ׷㡭
һ²̧ͣͷȥ
ǴƵ¹⣬ңԶ֮⡣Ӧǻư˻һǳѭŹеĹ켣ת֮ʣǵϦʱ֣
ʶ֮УԶȻܲ粻塣Ŀȴɴ˿ɼؽƵ
һζʧȥ˵Ȼı⣡
ʶȻǿʱвһ˫ۿΣΣ
һȻ˼ֹ
ܵĲľʯѰȴֽ̺֮з˪ůֻأиȻ
һתȥ֮ͱ֮ϣλ峤ٴαһʯͷеڤ˼뾳֮У
峤˿齹ĸ֮ڴһʳ̻ʿع鵽һ͵ķˡ˾񣬱־鳩̸һΪǳлⲻ֪ɳȴҵ
ͨԭʹ֮䡣仰ͻأȴԢԶǡǡֳһߵĿУ
Դˣһǲȥ룬Ǵȥɻ󽥽ֽ⣡
ͨб仯Ʃ䡢׵֮ȵȣѰ˿˵Ī⡣Ϊá˸ĵ֮ľȡ𡢶ʯıֶΣϢö֮ǿ߸ǿɡǹɣ߲׷Դˣ
һ뵽˴ҡҡͷ
ϹԶţգǴѪɱ֮л˸ĽݾǱķԹĳӭŷһ·ߵ˴᱾ĩִģ
һ˫ǰ档
ÿʮ꣬ݱ˳û
峤˵˵ɽɽԶ֮⡣ֻգǰȥ鿴һԼŻͷūݾڴˣСġ
һ֮һص֪ǽסƲƲ졣
ҹŮٴ󶼻ؼЪޡǰɽ֮ϣжȼϢ
ܣʮ׳ĺӣһѡеĻͷȴŨڳԺȲֹʱʱҪشЦһԵĿյϣ̳ӰڳСɽͷǣνĿǽ塣ʮ֮⣬ȴ׶һŹڵȺţһûκΣԵüΪ¶ֿ
ͷһأֺǺվ̧кϴ󣡻ͷһ̳ơء
ҡſվ̳ӣصûˡ
ͷΪȻץеȵʾƵ޵ζء
۵һ˾̳ӣѵһ鱻ˡ
ͷЦһںƨϲ˲䣬Щεط˵һ񣬶ûˣǺǡһȻվʮɽϣɫв޲֮⣬ʱ̧Žǰһ߿ӭȥںشֵܴѷ֣Ƴǲڻ¡δ˵꣬Ϊش˸á
УͬǾӵģ
һһ˸ǰſЦ˵ɳշ£еĲؾƸ˸ɾ˵ǿйʮ׳׽Բҽǰֻɢȥ̧һֵָ뿴ͷޣһǧ̳ưһӰһΣŵöʱ
ͷȸ״һǰ߳ͷСĪ˵ͷСޣʮͷġеĵؽвؾƣȴƭֵ֪ܲ
Żͷ˻죬ۻˣ˵磬һԸ͵ţ֪ȡϴá
ֻλһԺ޶ȵĶˣ￴óеΣסһ㵶п಻ƲⲻȥúʱǸͷ
һֵֵᣬת򵤹Ȱο԰꣡ձԣֲʱɫ
ͷһظδӦһ˵ˮܹ⣡һɣ漴ŴЦһ§޵Ǻֵܡá
ȺȥͷľתһǿЦֵȻɫɳɽ̻գβª
һ⣬ЦӦ㣡

ֱϵݣԶĴᡣڵȴ׿˶ܻͷɧŵ֮١ԺָΣӰɣ
ͬãһɶɶ೤ܵͰҼªŶǰд¿տյûֻڵżƤһ֮⣬ס
һĨ͸Сڵϣһϯض߬ɫʯȴһʱɡ
ݵûнȻһĵȺ֮УԼһķˡ˾⡭
ͷſ˯šͷͷһԺֵܣ
һ۹һƳĬĬЦ
ͷᣬʱһ¶δѵĻǣһǽٺĲл꣬񼸷ȻԻβٴ飬˴׽ҲԵɣֵܣֻܾⱥɵ˯ʵĽ
һͬʹ첢޼ƿʩ
Ȧ֮УūһıաСѾͷɫʯķڲʱڣӺڵԲ̤֮մͷֻò˶ñɳɾ塣
һջʶ΢΢һЦ
СѾͷʵūԼʦ޼Լȴһȱˡ統ĴǰͷһδʧȥϧǰһУ
ǴʲôһԸ롣£漴˫Ŀ΢ϡ

ʱ֣ԶĴֽ
Ѱ˲ǰԴʵģǽĺӣɫҳǿйƣûǺȥҪˣв֪³
ϴۼȥҲ
ϴ󣡵ų⡭
ͷһ仰Ȳ˳ȥ˫˫ϵƤϻװȥΪ֮󣬻Ȼçĵıδ󺺡ֵ˳ȥˣֻµһһˡ
һ̧߳˲ݡ
Զδ
ǰĲݵϣаӵĺͯˣǶΪֲ£һϴ첹
һɽ϶ɫȻ;һµʱ򣬺ȥΣ漴һ磬ֱɽԶ֮ȥ


1154 д
ճΪǳĶգǵĽ±˷
֮ǰλ峤ԣֻӭһµĹ⾰Եִɽ䲻֣ͣٲһɽˮ֮࣡ңʿٿһ˲
һ뿪ɽƬ֮ȻѰƬ˵еɽؽ硣кΣһ֪
һÿʮ˳ûĵطܲ棡
⣬Ѵ峤ĿлϤⷽ޼ʵ˺ɡľžδرգټĪ⣬һвóȻĵĸءڴ֮ǰΨеȴūΪ壬ʱͼơԭΪɽΪƧ˭ϳ⡣ŪеԵɣܷ
һɵĸ߷֮ϣ·ɽľż޵ʧĵĲã֮С
һڷֳӰͷڣǿ㡣ʱٷһɣԨsŵȣȴɵɽȻһ壬أǺۡ
Ӧñɽڣǧ﷽Բ֮ڲ쳣˴˴̫֮Ũ֮⣬ʿµĺۼ
һɽ壬һڿࡣͬʱɢʶȫ鿴ķ
һ޺էȻ̶һ̶С
һѭԣɽ֮Сʶ֮ʱ·һͷСŤͷһƳ漴Ҵתʧֵ
һߴĹľ֮£֮䣬һֻģĴѪѶ˼ŴһͷߴС˫˫ͷڣģҲ棬һĽëȴҲŰ߰ߵѪǳ׼ŽеĿн
޸ýкк
һżֻδʶĵ伮ɽ󣬶Է˫һ٣һ󼱷ɣת˲Ծϣգ֮Զˡ
СýǿУҲ飡
һ̧۴ܣٲںҶ̤֮С͸ѵ񣬼й¡߲֮У¸ʹֱⷽ类һ㣬Եȡ
ľĿݸ̾ļҰߣηηҶһ綹ۣɢĪĺĮȻؼ֤תߴ˼ӰͬһƬҶķ羰
ʱȥһǧ﷽ԲϸϸѲ߮һ顣һͱǰͣת
Ѱ֮£Ȼ
峤˵ʮ󣬻ٴγûʱѵһȺӰȥٵĸˣ
һɻΣһŶ
뵱꣬ԼںݵɽпƭʥŮԭ޷Ƕڵ°ˡ
һȴоһӾ϶һСɵָӨ׵Ĺâ˸
Ѱ䣬ԳӣǧĽ֮ɼǷ֮ôһƼʹã񲻿ϧˣ
һû飬ٿȻ¡ֱǧǰҵĺڰȻ̯ƣɫڴ
СɵĽӴƷ΢ĹâɷĿ꣬³ȥ
ȻѰ䲻ڱԪ̫֮ͬҿĵĵ£ĺö
һѰ¶ȥҹ׷һ΢ĵƻ
ǧɡǧɣֱǧɴǷĹâ΢΢һʢȥƼ䲻Զ֮⣬пŵСС
ΣһԸʧĴСԼ˵û˿ô
꣬Ѱ侹ȻǰԽССַһת·ȥ
һһ治ᡣͷȴסֹĳˣѰ仹ñء˶ͬȰ
ʱ֮һٴθͣƲһЦ
ǰİԶ⣬һʮСʶ֮УȻŨ̫֮
˴Ϊڣǲ֮Ԫ泤֪ʿ£µԪ޹ϵ
ˣ˷ãѰ;
һڳĵ£ӽƯʮѰ䡣
ǡڴʱֻѰӨ׵Ĺâ֮УʡࡢࡢơסڣתɫȫϢ֮ʣǰֱֱȥ
һδ֣ɫһ˴ɣȥĪҪ͸ضɣϾ룬ֻôź棬Ѱ׿ǰĵ
ǵĹâޣ졣
һȻżӿȥơ
Ƭ̣һһâѵ˵µİ
ͬʱһ춯·Ѱ֮ȻɣȴĹâʢֲһе˻ȥƣٴα衭
һǰһѰ䣬ס˺󼸲漴Ȼѡ
ȻһӴ󷨡֮УǻһҵľʯнΣȻŨ̫֮
̫֮У̫ʯѵһ벻ƫƧ֮أ˵֮ǰֲڵԾ죬󷨷Ϊ̫ԵҪĵһӴķǳ˭֣峤˵ˣĪйأ
һɻأ˼
̫ڵµİ֮գҪ˴Գܣûȴ޲֮СɼΪѽȡһУǻԵǷգ
һתǰ۹һͷкͻܣнĳɡ
Ӵ󷨣ƲͶɡѣɭȻ˲Сɶɫʯ²ǧ֮
һһԳһЦ
˰ƺԼͬף˵ˣ껹ɹɾĹ֮ܲأֻޱɾϴɳоȡʯڷָ˶֮ʣࡣūͷԼˣؽΪ
Ⲣ֮
һҡҡͷתͫ˸ɫѪâ˲ܡ壬ɾĺڣͫɳɫϳֲ֪࣬ر˽յģֻһ˲ɴ֮⡣еãʤǰ
δƬ̣Ƽߡ
һѰǰʱĹΧټתһ顣һͣϸơ
ʮ֮⣬󷨵Żڻ֮ͫ֡ɭϣһʱ
һƾͫ˲ġҪȥǰ󷨲ѡٲñ˺һ϶ӦòʲôˣȴԺʯ޶ԣתȥɫ΢㵡
ɣصµΪ峤˵Сǽȥй¶м鷳˴ԼǵĹһٺģ⣡
꣬һһֱʱһȥڵ̫ʮԶȻдڡ


1155 ɳ
̫ʮԶһ󷨡ǰߵӴȣ䲻ֻġɵķԲܷ΢⼫ĵԵüΪء
кãкô
һлͫ˸ת˲֮ѽصǰǰһ顣
󷨵Ҳ࣬һСŻ뿪ϡ˵ֻ׵ĽΡе̫̫֮ŨʹԼɼȴһʱ澿
ĵĽ֮ҪǿֹһҪһ׵ŻпӦࡣӦûʿηһ̽أ
һѽ̲סŶ롣ٽ󷨣ֽס
ýεȱʣݣҪԳǲµĴӲӽݽһƫƧĹǣʱӿֳɵ֣޴ֽڴ˵Ⱥȥʲô󷢺ơ
һ˼ǰѰԼŻͷūڵգ˭ϵ²Ī
㣬ȻɣնҪŪף
һٵ飬תֱɽķȥƬ̣µת˲֮ԭһСң̧ĨϵȦʯڵϣԸūڴ˴չءΪʦ֮ǰ뻢ͷ԰գݶȥ
ūܵٻһʱ಻סȦ֮ɫ⡣
СңչصҲľͷϷڡʦιԼ
ūںڰ֮оͷǡç֮أӦ⡣ʦ˵ᶪūҰοһԾȻݸһЦȻȦ

ͷϴ󡭡ء
ϴ󲻼ˡ
ܶ˲ɣ˷ԣתѹ¡ֵضҪԴȡ
ǺǣƳ⡭
ִ뺷ӰһͷݣѰ˲תںؽȥ
ĺɫĳɽԵµȼ
æµţȡޣƤ޹ǡ⣬ļȡԶ֮⣬ѷŵȻŰͷ֮࣬ܵŮ׸Цտ׳ĵæͣȴٶη壬ǴЦӵӭ
ȴŹȣͬЦ档Խڶ͵кλ׹֮ˣ˾ơ
һȺ糾ĺӸ˹Իž̳ӡǰ˵̳ӷƣµľ⣡뻢ͷ硢Ϊ죡λദ£֪ǿ뺷֮⣬Ǽʶ˲ͬһĺˬ˽óϷȻͷֵͬܣ
ͷѰһûϡ˷ɽǰͻȻֵĳ棬δ⣬˫˫ظһͦðعֱ֣ؽӹ̳ӱ㰺ʹܻ𡭡
ҹɫ٣µȴͬ硣
ܣͷܶζ˵ЦɽƮ
Ⱥ֮УͷѡĻ˵ƵζЩͬأ
˷ԣͷĺ֮۳ңң㽫ڵ޶Ͼɱˡֵ֮£Ҫƺɨݡ
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֮䣬ΨйͬɱѪԡ˴˷ɳΪֵܣǺһԹ󣬻ͷĺദ˫ΪǢ
ҹɫɽǰµͨ
ÿԹµһաټջķᣬһȻҪ黶һ
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ԣճɡ
ԶԶԼҵˣһϵĵЦݡ
ȴףһ˶ɫȻ
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ţֻʮ̳һ־
ͷƲⲻ޷ͼ֮ˣڳ֮ǰһйֵ˲١ǰ֣ԴһҲˣ
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ĵĺԭ뻢ͷ˻վãһ˵Ц޼ɡ
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ͷĴУͳϽ꣬Ѷ֮׽Ū޷ǾȤˡһֵ֪ڷǰΪٲҪѵ⣡
òᣬӢʲȴֹçײΪ֮һʮӽҫֻ뻢ͷϷˣסһЦ
ͷ˾ͷž̳ӱȺЦ⡣Էһڿ£æġܲˣЦǽȹˣȤ
״ܵ˷׷׶ܡµ֡
ڴʱͷͻȻͣץž̳ӶҲ˷סˡˮ˳̳ڡཡཡţǣȴ
ܵһԣЦѡ
˻ͷͬԭء
˲䣬ͻȻӰҹգɵĸߴ
µϵ֣ʱΪ֮һ
ͻӰֱһλλˡ
뷢ףƵ̣ӥӣɫ
˽Ϊ۹ò񳡣ͬһ˫ĿϸƮȻһխС°ϵĺֻϡļ
ö룬ˣɳԵøĪ⣡
ȴץϥͷĹȣӵϻæǰʮ˹һ񣬰ݵ֪ɳ٣ʧˡ
˽֣̿һݼкͯ˯оѣŵýסͣȻֹ
ڳֻ˶ɳļЩͷԼͷƨµ⡣
λɳӸ£ʹɽϵ˽ηֻ˫ĿϸˣǷ˵ʦȺ˳ҹ񻶣ӦΪ֮ʡʾ£漴ʵȿɳ
ȴײҪӦȴǺǣ΢΢㵣ŤͷȥȻ²ɳӰȴΪд˵ǣ
ͷѴϴźЦɷ˵һڶһ˹񣬺³çֲʧصӡ
С۾˾˵ףʦ벻֮Уǿ׳֮ˡ
ߵ۹ӹµϳɶѵޣѭȥ
˵֮ˣӣòװΧ˱ûʲôֻͬԵøߴ׳ѡԹƤۻ಻滹մȾʵѪȻǲŽԹԴȡ
ߴƬ̣ɫһ


1156 һ
ɫһҪ˵֮ʣȴ̧ͷһƳӰһ漴һֱʡλ˲ҵȥ
λɳĪȥͻȻ
µϵ޲㵣ѣһ̧ͷ˸ȴã
ǡڴʱ˾λ硭
ͷһֱЦλ˵һһƣٲȻǸĺӡԷԶȥɲǣһѳԵ˫˫ն𣬲ŵȴ˵ĪҪֵܵǻҲδ䣬ȻһХȥգ۵ĹûӰ
¹ȻɡµϼžƬ̣һ
ȴҡͷʧԭԭλɳһġ
Ǿλ羹ˣ˲á

ǿ֮УڼеĻͷ͵һ򣬾ǱһԵקסֻͣŽԼһֻ֣˵ֵܣôͷɲ
ɿ֣һڻͷǰͷϴЩŭ⣬߳ʵȥδֵϴˡһƤƴ뺷ӲʵһȴŨüб˫ĿȻ֮ǰǸǰ뿪˴ྶͥٲȻһ䲻Ӳӡ
ͷЩصһۣתͷּԶ
ǳ֮⡣ʶ֮УڵɽԼʮ﷽ԲڵһĿȻԽ˴Լɼ֮⡭
һڲġ
ͷջ۹⿴ͬЩ꣬µظƨϴѲݣԼѰȥ
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ͷһ̯Ȼ˵ҲǲŽ죬ﻹҵȺ򡭡ֻգۣסһӷ˵ѵûϳߵֵѭԸ伣Ŷѡٲû룬ȻҪ꼰ϴ󡭡
Ϊ˵ӦöǶΪǿ
˵ֵܣȻ޵аͷſڴϣѵֻɵľ磬ٸҲ񡭡ֹ̧סԷ˵ߵģİҶü
˼תͦ죬ͷ˼Щɵ˵ϴеľе¡
ֹ£ͷظһͦǺ̬ȥкһɷߵϴȥĸͬһ˵ķ˼ұѰˡûѯʣǳҵȶ
Ȼ츳κξ̫̣̫ǳһʱֲеԭίȴ̧һָʾҿ
֮⣬ʱľžƺ˱仯
ԼԶЩʵϴȥˣҵָΡ
ϴȥˣ֪ͷӣͷꡣ
ֵƮǿ֮Уһʱûȥ·ûϴӣĲù
ָΣͷֱתһģ˵ȻɣΪ֮ƣܣϴӦǴūȥ˱𴦣ͼҲˡ߲
ͷȻŵһʶӡǣֻҪ̫ԶѰ˴˵䡣ȴһĶλϴȻȥңԶ֮
תһľѪ֮ŷͬһѪǣʶ˻ͷ⡣
Ժֻҵģˣͷеһظ˵ֵһѰϴһںĴ
룬ص˵ͷ
ͷɫһԶ˿ڣݺݵ߿ǶڵΪҲǿ١²˳٣ܡ
Ӧδȥ
ͷһָɺȻо⡭δ䣬תݡһʢ̻һǣֱƬòƷȥ

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֮ǰһУڿнСͬǹĺɫһʧ١ǰʲôûС
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ʦ𣬲֮ţɱ򡭡
˵ӦǶʦֵܡϸĿߣֹƮȻȳȣϧһ˫С۾ģԹ塣˿еʦȻһԵߡ
ʦͽ˲˴죬֮ʱǡžر֮ʡ
ַ룬ˮ˵Ϸһ߷ȴѶǰЩʱճ֮ʣвδˣǷȻ١΢΢ҡҡͷ˵Ȼžѱǿд򿪣ȴʩΪӶرա仰滺ȴ͸ĪֵӦ˴Խ
˴ߴһݵָڿСڴۣʹԵøĪ⡣
ʦֵתֿԼҵʦ
С۾˺ɱ˵һʦķȻá
һλȴǳ£ʵʦ֪飿Խмˡ
쾳ĸ֣ǺȥųɵΪÿžʦͽֺαضһ١ջָһ˦󣬵˵һ˿Ϊ΢ԲȴòɢӦŮϲõ㡭
ŵôԣ˲ɵó鶯տյ˿ĺۼ˿ΪĲͬҲи֮֡
߻һת˵ϷķȻңԶд漸鶯֮ϵŲ£ֵǻȥϷСӣһʮ֮˾˺֮УǺǡ֮⣬ȻŮԽֺο˺
С۾˶ʱ׺˵ʦѰСɱˡһȴ˼˵֮Ҫһ˲ס
߲ɫ΢΢һЦȴѼЦݡʶӦ֮УĻ֪ΨǵǸһԼƪģ㹻ˣ˵ҪСӲѣͷ
˲ʦĻָ
߿һ۾žʧķתɵɫ΢ǰûٹʱ֮ز״ȴΨӰԶʶѸ
ңԶ֮⣬΢ɼķۼš
ߣӵõǿ죡۹һ䣬˵ȨӡӣϷѰ˻ģҪҵˡ
ϸĿߣȨӣС۾żϡģǿӡʦֵǣȴ⣬ֵԩңԵֵܡ
Īһ䣬۹ӹңӷ˵ǰںӣ֮ȴֳ֮ࡣǾĸˣ㶨ȻΪ֮æͷƽϡǺǣͻһЦɵ֮£ѣӡ֤ϷĲ²⡭
Ӽæʦ㿴С쳣
ȨһԵ˵ͷŲæǷʦͽ̣
ָ룬˵ֻӴܣȴй¶м֮Ȼ仰һ٣йâĪĿֵƣǵʥߣ飡¹ش󡭡ƻ˿ϷġʾϷ


1157 һ̤
ͷѲǵǸͷԵĻִ꣬ĸ֡շթĽʥɼһߡϳߵģ֮һʱѰһ֮£Ѿˣ
ֵһܣʱӹһ١
бסԭҪͬвֿˣͻ֮Ҫٴط꣬ⲻһۣ
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˵λȥʹѯʹȴס
ȴ׵ûϹ˵ֻݲĶˡв֮£ΨУǻ˭϶ԷȻɣĪǳɾ֣λɳնħȵȣ
λصɳӦһӷ˼ƽϣҲˡ
ūɽϵĴ̻գֻ֮Ѱ֮Ī˵ͷʦҲûӰ
һϿ֮Уū䣬ֳΡܵķ羰޶ԣƮȻһ£һʯ£漴˫ֱϥĬĬʧСҷأڷ磬ѩµü֮£ˮУżȻ
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һϮӰ뿪£Ʈƣ绨
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ףź֮ǣ֮νȻɶ˫ƧԵγ˼ˡ
߷ŴӾȴһƼϿеĹµӰסתɽ续˶绨Ϊç֮ƽ˼¡֮࣬ϵϣΪ˻ɡ
ūߵġ֮ͣУܵΪһ壬ȴƬմ΢΢üǷʵʡηˣԷǸˣȴԲ֮ͬʣɫгɡ
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ǻͶ࣡𲻹ʱ⣬ȴԷĲɡ漴ҡͷ΢ЦðˣһڻɽҰ䣬ˡ̧ۿƣŷһԵĶѨٴδ
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𳶽ϵƤֻøпտնꤣҪ˵ֵӦó壬ȴΪ峤˺桭ɫ΢㵣ʧʵμã
Ȼþź֮ǣ֪ġġ֮
ūһƳתҡֱϣգۼʧڷ֮С
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ʲţֻǰֹ˼䡣ϾСġ֮
ĬȻãȻһЦ
ΪңңءΪԵɼ

գ峤ˡ֮ˣޡǲδ̫˱һ󣬼ظŸеӣ
ūε˼չϢطصĵҡҪչأֱ˾磡
ū붨֮ǰ̲סһ䡣ʦū


ū֮ʣʦͽͬģһͬɻѡ
һµĶѨԼĪаɵķԲǿ͸Ѩ񷶥ԼıڣǶөʯڷŵĵĹ⡣֮⣬ǿ󷨱鲼ܡ䣬ΪʶԼԶ
һбĽ䴦ۡĲԶʮʿɻһɫĮȻ
ǳ׼һЩͬߣΪϵĸֻ֣򱻷ΪŲòڴˡ
ڶѨһ࣬иɴСĶڣΨһͨĪҪŴӴ˳ȥ滹Ŷڣ˰ء
⾿Ǹʲôط
һȥɫ͸Ρʱ⣬ƲǣĬĬЦ¡
ĳšĳˣСĽȴջʧɺް
֮ǰڰٺū֮һطɵء
һͫû۱ѰŻķ϶󷨲塢ɴСգδزٻˡΪϸ֮Сʱ̤֮С
һ֮ɴ˿ʼ
һ̤󷨵˲䣬ѲɵһƬطԲƷϡıڿտգΨлڽ䴦İ˵ֱ۴ϸĹâ˸ͣ֯һֶ
ǰ˵âڡ죬Զ֮ǿ쳣Ȼ
һ㣬Ϊʱâֵɲǣܾתвȥ͵һ漴Х󷨴͵;С
Ȼ䣬ʤ
һæң׻岢Խ䱸Ѱ󷨴̶̵ͣһ˲䡣ȻյĹ򣬻ǲͣͷȻ֮ظǶôңԶŻ˵Ĵͣ
󣬹Ȼһͣ
һδ׹ѱǿ󷨡ͻȻôһأʵЩͷ͡ת֮ʣӭٴɫ߳ơ
ʲôƣˣΪڵĸ֡һ޴ĶѨΪٵ뿴صʿ˱Ͷ


1158 ǰ;δ
һûƣδ⵽ѣ˵ʾ£ѭһͨȥѯʼ䣬ȴòɻ¡ֻ֮˵γҷ͡⣬˸Ӧԡ
˴ĶֿɲֹһλֽΣΨٻӦ䡣
⣬޴ĶѨ֮Уʮ˳֮ʱѲΣֻһѪųǳ;֮£ãռ壬³Ϊҡ
һ˴ǰɽ֮ڣһת۾͹ȥ¡֪ԼˣԵɣһʱ޴֪
¼䣬ڵʿнг󣬰ֻʣʮλȥ˺δû˷˵ļߣ޲ɷȴĩսһ㣬ģ˲׿
һԶɽĽʽ򣬵Ҳ徲֪ʱ֮󣬲ûţһ£һᴥָϵǬӡ
ūڵ±չأҪ쾳磬һ¡СѾͷҼΪӦðΣݣΪģ
ͷԼʾ֮£װ壬ʱҲ޷ֻҪо⣬һﻹǵϴ
ΨһıǾžû˶Ųʱ⣬һиѰں޷֮£ֵй¶мԸԼ뿪Ը˽԰Ȼ
⣬ֻܹĳԼˡ˵С޴ʵͷʱ򷴵ҡǧĳǰй̹;ûУȻˣƴ˷ĺ֮УһΣ
ʱ˿̣һֻܽһô롣в֪ѰŻ˿²⣬һεֻΪԽնɱͷġūһˣǰ;δ
һأţ̧һֻûԵʯڡת˲֮䣬һʶȻء
ʯ˲ĽƣѰ϶ڴˣټĵ½Ϊ˲ٳ֡һڣνǹ
һҡͷ漴ֽʶָǬ֮ڡû˰ɵط࣬ȴҲࡣǧĻۣģǼҵ
һֻǬλӰµɺܡһֱϾᣬ˿Сʱ£˲֪֮£սһһϡ
ܣǻŰɱС䲻ɾڵΪз֮һ˵档ƾһʱ˸ֱصĺģʵ
ֻϧһٹΪһ塣Ϊˣȴû˰֡ȨҽЩɺܳؼʱЩô
һͷֱۣһֲֻУһö˻ƿܵķţӦò洫ȱģΪ򡣶֮󣬿Ҳʵã
ڵ֮ǿʮ˵źǽ֮һһƣֱū뻢ͷӣĪĺ֮УԶֱֶΡ֮лµһע⣺ƿܵΪֻߵɣȵȡ
˵ǼڵĿܣӦɾƣǸϼһΪˡʾνɷѿģ
һ֮أִĦ˼飬漴򡣵̫ؾ롶ʱĶ˶ֻţת۹б
һâסڵĽѱ򿪡һ˻
ڵʮλʿ׷һɫ㷡
ģݣ˫ݣ䣬͸ŶڵƣһڵơڶǰվƱˣȻܽ޶Ϊ۹ӹܣڳʿ޲ͷرܡ˴ϣ֮ʵ޷ԣ
Ӿˣöˣһӱ˵ĿлϤλֵ䡣ԪӣһλħޡÿգˡԷߣȴ޼ʶ֮Ŀֻţһѣʵľ
ԪפƬָ̧̣˼£Ը㡢㡢㡭㣬
һŴӵ£漴һţݺޣĻ棬ҧгݵش˳ȥ
֮ǰԪӵ㵽һأ֮£ִѪԻص˶ڡй飬Īһֶ¡˭չٴν٣в֪ˣǶˡ
ӵֵǺüǣӦλޣɾڵľ硣ͷ䲻̫ߣȴԵüΪ׳·硣䱻㵽Ļˣģвͬȴһع˼ضֲòӷԸҷ⣬뵶ϵûֱ˭ҿ
һڽĬĬŶڴˡԪӣźɣǺһ֪ĺɫƻйŹ֡
ݵĥ䣡ȻĪϷ顭
ΪЩ곤һЩϲϲϷԾӣˣԼҵĳݡɽڵʿһλ겻ǧꣿȻĳ˳⡣
һѭԪӵĻȥԭ˺ͷǸʮģӣ׾ƤһĨף˳ΪӢӦйɾڵΪź˿ۣٲȻһ˼ҵӵܡֹɫŭȴںǳбŲŽŲ
ʱĹ߳˳ȥâһǸԪʧȥӰ
ɽڳƬ̣ЩĶͨ£˰̾߶
һ˫ۣ˯һ㣬һĽŲ˽ǰ֮л𣺡ȥˣܻתΣȴ첻Ӧеز飬Ψรˡ
ңûһ˵˭ϵ˭һأ˯һ޶ԡȴֺõĿǣСЦǺǣ°ڵĵѼһ磬λȴǺʵ۲Ѱ
ЦڶԣϢ
һȻۣһǶڣ޴ɶ㡣üһҪʩչֶȥȴְ΢΢һǸŶˣ֮ĵϣӣһЦݡ
Ŀ֮£ôŶԣ
һֻͷƤըһĪĺȻ°ڱ̧šв߷ɳȥԷȴ۹⣬ΪʶȤŲƨɣ̧£ʾ԰꣬漴ЦλΣ̩ȻбķӡǧӣύһԺΣµһԵֲǡ
ǧӣǧġ
һڱسһŸ۹֮ʣסһ֡
ǸϸüϸĿˣƤŶ룬һϮ˵ҲɾʵʵһԵĵϣ۹ģٲȻһȡ˳ģ
ǳ׼һ﷢ĳȻ£ͶȡɸŶ˹չ⣬ʰ
ǧģǷ֪Ǹǧġ


1159 ϲ
ǧģ»ǧĲɡ
ѺαأΨ˵Ų⣡ֵԵβ׽׽
Ƨ֪١£㡣Ϊ塭
˻֮һΨǧģΪ޵Դ֮أħġģԶźģκûɻ֮ڰ
Ҵ˷ǰҰС˵ͬҿǻѵԵ֣ϧ
Ұ޼ʣΪɡħҵľۼ֮ء۳ǣεΪ׳ۣ˻֮⡭
ǣ
Ӵǿϳˡ
֮µĶʮɢܣһûɵӣΨڲһ˵ǰ;δû˭˵Ķ
һбڶϣţԷӳû
˵Ϊ½ƣڵķԼʶڡ֮ڣȻѣ˷ʤʶ˭˿̫Էݡ˵ˡ
أţֱ֧۲ԡƨŤŤСθһŶĻƤϣϵɫʵܡ
һϷϥƬ̣ʵӣ֪˵ǺڣʮĸһҵȣΪ
һЦδҪŲӡ
һ붼룬̧°ڣԵʯ֮ȥӵһȴƵöԷߡ
ɣȻѡ漴ſڵϣȴɫϲͺӴѹȻ˲¶࣬ˡ
һﲻǲ˵ĲֶΣ̾Ϊֹ
һֶ°ڣٴɫ˵һȻͬͬԴûй£в档
˭Ӳδʹηܵʵʵմٴνǰֹ̬ȴ׽˲١
Σһһ⣬֮治У֮£ֻƲƲ죬֡
֡
һִһԱ˫ۣԷ˵ֵĻ˵Ǻڣû֪˵ĶǰʱδˡµȻȥҵȵԵɡ
ӺѹɤţֵҲ²⣬ǵħйءһӣ̾ᣬ˫üɢ˫ǣһѵһԪ֮ǡ
ǰԲʲôãһۣɫת䡣
æסͷڨڨһЦŷ˵й֮ʱħޣһ˴ʶд˲²⣬룬֮ɫԼԹΪɡħСħͼռӣν伫ϤħˣΪ᲻ݡ
ӵĿе֪ǣħǣԴԶħɾۼ֮أǺ֮неһ۳ǡԭΪҹУֻɻһû䣬¶ʹħһ֧ħǡ
ħǵ𣬾˵ħµһλˣйӡ˵֮ǰѱչزִƵȨӣһҶһλż̳ʦͳһ˴˼ⲻϡĵԼޣǶټħѾá
һ˴˵һǶѣֺαҪ᲻ݡħʾڣѵԴ޶á
һǶѣ㾹ȻҰ֮һ֪󡭡ЦЦɸšһı۰ǿ۵ҡҡͷ˵ݴڣŵɻµıйͨ;˵һ֣˻ġ
һɫɣͷȴ΢΢һ
ħʣͨﻹ¡ǰ˻ķֻλ಻
Ӧǳ걼ںģ;˵Ķ治١αܺùԼãȻ
һԷ˵꣬ʵ⣬ָη
ǺǡǺǡ
΢΢һ漴ͷȥʧЦת۹һƳ˵Ī˻һŲ֮⣬ֽӣǬǧһ㡭ĻдԹʲŵʻһ׽ŪҲǣģ˭֪ЩǳԵأ
һŪ˵ӣٴθһš
һﲻвŮģĪͶ̥ˣ޶⣬Ȩ¡
νǵʦСȨ֮Լ޹ءǰĵΣħɾ鷳ˣڴˣȻˡٺģʵСһǧĵľˣ͹ͷ۵ģħ޵֣Ժͣ
ˣԸ
˵ħذĴڣӲ֪㲻Ψһת֣֮ѽԡ쾳ĸˣΨֹ
⣬ħǣȻɻµı˵ǲоĵǬԪΣնҪһ⣡
ΨС񾭡֣ʾȫԾԼĪǿеΨһƾ̣
һ˼Ƭ̣ת΢΢һЦȻʵӣʦλˣɷ˵һ
һϡһ㣬ӴЦˡ
һɫһһ
ΪһһûЩȴֹ֣ҫ˾¡
һüǷһĨ⡣
ǡڴʱԶһâŶڴ򿪣Ӱ
һǴǰĴӶɫҰףѪġΣȻǲŽһɱȻȴƲᡣ
һ˵Ĺڳߴ⡣Ǹɫ˿۵ӣɫɷ
ɽڵ˷׷ӭкѵģѯʵģ޷̽Ρ
ӹ˲һ׽˹ȥ
˿һԲһ¡
򲻶˴ӵšɽվתѪһڣ˵ʤɻħ޵¡ޣޣܴ衭뷢ţԵüΪŭ
״˳ûʵ
ȥ˺δ
Ե޹ʣΪҪƴɱ
ޣ˶ֽ
ΪҪҵȣû
ӹܣֹ
ڴʱ˽ӻң뿪һ
ѭȥֻǸ˿
һʱ֮䣬ɽȸ
֪䣬չȥ
ռ䣬ɽơֻǲĲ²ӡ֤޲Ȼһڼ尾еȴ˵ս١
˿˭°ģͶı뺷ƿҩȥ
һѵ֮æŽơ֪ܷٴѣֻҧǿȥȫԸ
һԣǱĿ
û̸£ȴһֱһԲȥ֮УѰ飬Щֻš
һâǸԪڶ
ɽڵ㷲
ؾҴ֣ǿһȥڽܶһ٣δ֪ݺݱ˫ۣΡ
ǡڴʱԪӵķԸ㡢㡢㡭һһԵˣϷ
͵תֻۣǸԪָķԼһˡŵذȴҵڲȻɰɡ֪ˣǺαء


1160 ɱ¾ʼ
Ԫ㵽ˣһ֮⣬λλĺӡУϴηصˡ
ӶЩ⣬˿ҲٿԶЪϢաżе˹˹֣Īɫ͸ż߳ȥףҪѣ
˿ͬЩ⣬ȴ޽ҡһڽɫ
Ҫ߳ȥˣֻһһλɾڵĸ֡µ֮Уһŷڵɾڣɾڣǽɵľ硣
һ尾Ԥ֪ڽ١졣
һ˫֣̹Ȼģǻ޴ӶܣΨԡ˵ˣʼնȥҲǸӡ߳ȥ
ӿɥĬĬһǸѹĶͽԻںһѵĻÿǿߵʱ򣬻з磡ÿسȥˣһɾڵĸְ
ת֮䣬˳ڵɽ
ǸԪڵȺЩͷַ̧˶ڣ˵Ϸпߣɱ⣡䶪һתȥԴһȺͽĮȻԱ
֮⣬һߡɸ߿֮ͨأʱķ֮ͨ
һվڶǰԴȥ
ͨөʯ˸Ӱ
ǰʮ⣬ԪӽŲմƮȻСǳ׼鲼Ƶĵ¶Ѩ֮УΪܽշ硣ĺɫƣעĿ
ӽ˼Բĳˣæعͷȥ
λںͷһŷɫ糣Ȼ֪ļơ۹Щ죬âһš
ԹֺޣЩεҡҡͷ̲ס֣ʾֺ֮⡣˴ûйĽ飬ѵ֮ͬԵؼʱĪֵܡ
һӵľٶӶֻ̧۴ͣ
֮鲼ƣǰпͨࡣտյȴŵĺɫǰɭẮ֮ءէȻ֮£ھԨ֮УͷѰ
ֱԶͨһΪԪվһָ̧࣬󷽡
һˣͣ٣ǸɾڵߴͷѭŽµ·ȥ
һػһƳԽǸԪӣɼĲԶ⼸Ķڡ
ȥʮɣͨխ
ԪɭȻˣ
·ɫɣ̧̾ǰµ֪ֻĬĬ档
Ⱳ߹·ϻ׷ԶȥԿ;һУȴԶ޷ִеյ㣡Ȼ֮䣬ȵ˵սᣬԤ֪һУ֮ϲ⣬ǡ
ԽһխͨǰȻʡǡڴʱͻȻһ졣ܳһ䣬Ȼ졣һͬû⣬˲Ȼ
һ޴ĶѨʮɸߣɵķԲ鲼өʯܶͶƹ졣䵱пݴħֶѪ
Ѫ̶
ӾǴڴŴ˵һͬʱеʿѪɷסššš˼Ȼɫ԰׶Ѫӿ
һԼĺӣվδԳŰѪ̶
Ѫ̶ʮɴСէһħ뵣ϸһƣʵΪһɫĻ֡
ǻأӯӯȴɢſɲɱעɲǣһǵƺȻǽ˻ٶԳֻ֡ٲܣ̼Ҫ촷ۡ
꣬һԵվͲסȱȥٲرܣҪѪɷж԰ΡΨһΪأԶѪ̶ĬĬ
֮£תһ̶Ѫ͸죬ǣɷҡ
飡
ڴʱ⴫һ죬ֳߵӰһ긾ˣһӣ꺺ӣλߡΪ죬ȴͬɾڡһɾڣһɾڣɡ
һ۹˵һӶת
ʱĶûˣȴ̶ӰԪ֮⣬λװµӣΪ쾳ĸ֡˵䣬һɫƣ
ӵ˽вæ
֮δͣԷѨһ࣬һ鲻ķʯ֮ϡ
ʯɣͱ֮ϣƽ⻬нƵĹâ΢΢ͻأһأٲһ̨Ӧרƶɡ
Ϲأֱһȫʤ߷뿪
֮ˣԪӡǰһ̧ӳһѶϡﻩڷʯǰĿյϡӡ
˫ʮˣѪ̶ңңšԪӷԸ󣬲û˭ƶ벽һԭأɫɡ
ԪӶԴ˾ռߣΪȻ
˺ǺһЦ˵԰˻ĸأһö໥д衢γǻԵء
ǸӣӦһ˵ΪߣŶԲΪһǳɫۣͷ϶һȦݶɫ԰סɴŵЦݣ˵ʵѪɷҲֻ֮գλɻת˵ܳΪҼϱֶΪء
֮УħΪʿװ硣ͬΨг޵ˣеٲηҪ࣬ҷ֮֮ͷȴ
һġ׷硱̫ѱȡ֮ܵĶǸ˵ķԼһһֻԷδ䣬һԵԪ˵ˮʦ֣αˆ¡
ˮֲ̧һƣȻԻԪҡҡͷЦΨж־ʢɷǲȻʱܴչ֮䳤һŲҰ׵Ц
ԪӻȻ͵ʦָ߼
ˮ˵һָͷȦƷ𣬻Ȼһ䣬ǻһɫĻڷʯܡת˲֮䣬ѱڹ֣ɱ֮ȥʱħټĶѨѱһƬҵ֮С
ͬʱˮдʵ˳߲ħ֤Ѫɷɱ˫裬Ũҵħ̶ֱŵ˫ȥ
һ̣֪ɷ£ħĵԵʣֻɵ˫Ѫӿ۷첢ɱĴ𣬸÷ԸȻ˳һȥڷΪ֮ʣɱ˵ֶĪ֮޸֮
˫ƴɱڼһȴٻ㵡
һǧ֮ڴԽžδĵģ̤֮С֮δڣҪƲһĪɱ֮У
ɴ˿Ķݰһˡĳ˵ĺ֮УǳѪȣɽɱ¾ʼ
ɱ¾ɷԴΪ˷Ϊ죬ȴİ
ǸˮԼԪӵˣν䱳νԼǰĴΪĿɶֿɺޣ
һʯ̨ϵ뿴֪һ£̧˹ȥ֮˲䣬˫Ѷ


1161 ƾȡ
⣬ΪãʶʹУֽΣ
һڰ
ڳĿɶνˣ޲ǧĽǣټϷǱѰǱ˴׽ɱֳĶǲС
˵ˣйȱ
׿һΪͨһçĵѪ֮ս
ΪζսɱˣԼܹ
ת֮䣬˫ڰʯ̨֮»սһ
һ೤˼̡УӶ졣˷һλ˵ӭͬǻɱڡӣȻ졣˫ɣֻʾٴκݺݵײһ𡣱˴ûʽûͨ뷲çƴûֻܽΪԳͷųֱȥ
һûɱһΪĶ֡ɾڵľ磬Ժһ󱲣ǿͻãǡʱҲ
Ǹߣ֪вæܡһλɾڵͬ飬Ȼλߣǿ֮أһԳûƽк־ͷͷ
ʼϲֻòִӦսűǡ顱һ죬е˳ȥ˼Զһƨˤڵϡ
֮սƲ˰ڿԾһɶߣֻҪһ룡
ɫæҪѰұץһסĿɿڴһľ
ͬʱһҽд
һʿһλɾڵĸ֡һ˰ӣը˲仯һѪˮڽ֮£ѭŵֱɽѪ̶̶ϵĺһڡ
ŵһ£ӳеľתܡԷһλ˼б˺ռ׷ᡣ
˴൱ƾСֻһһǿ֮ƶԡǰ󲻹תĹ򣬼ʿһ԰롣Χĺӣ׷ɱӡΣʤ
֪Ϧƴ񱼡ɽſȴһءһⲽУС붼˹ȥ־ңһƾȡᡭ
һڴһѪ̶кǳǧ˵ľѪ۳ŨҶֱŰѪɷ֮էȻȥǽ¶ɱĴ𡭡
һص˽ǰ븾˽
ֳһԭǾ׵λˣ˫˫һѪ򡭡
һһ٣ӾԶ㵽
߾˻·ֻǸ޴ˣҺɱ֮
һ㲻ܣ۹Ѫ̶ԼԶʯ̨һӼתǰ
ǸʮģŸӲײࡣæ֮ʣ޴ѡ
߾׺̧־֮䣬ȫ·ԡħ֮ʣǸˣһ˫ʹʬ⣬˭˵أһ
֮䣬빥һɫһǸһۣ漴ȻҶߵһٿȻɹڴһ˲׾ٵضӭ˳ƷȥѪ֣ʬ䡣
˴ΪֻƴɱֶΣڳû˭ȵùһĽˣۼǡû˭ǿһĸ֣
߱أȻը飬漴ѪˮѪ̶Ǹȴ׻Ȼһѳֲסֶ䱾ʧģ
ΣһԵĿѡ֮£λȻǿʲŵһɣð
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ӵƤ鴤£۹һһץ˵ϵŴŵĸ˱ͷ˹ȥ顢顱Ѫɽ²ͣ񡭡
ڶѨһʯ̨ϣһֱһľٶڿɱ䣬ˮԪһЦ
һɱһ֮󣬽סͷȥ
ǸѻѪˮѪ̶أְݡ׺ݵļƣ飬֮ǰˣ
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شǴѪɱ¾սתӡ˲ǰˣǱʱĶڳ˹ȥ˭һɫĻӴܵӰʱɻң֮ɭȻĻ쳹ķηսߣɱ⣡
ʯ̨ϵˮԪӵˣֻڿ֣жս֮⣡
һңԷ˳ƿ񹥡ԵǷͨͷ籩ҿͬ
һ״Գɡ
߲޽ұ˴İͬΪһ˲Ǿȼ
˽˲ݣνֺοգ
һ£ŸͷҪȥ
һӰͻȻӺ󷽴ڳҴææסȥ·
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˵֮󣬺ֱͣµ
һü·ӡԷɱⲻȴ֮һ㶼һٴζ㵽󣬻Ӷ֣ڴһս
ѨʵһˣҪоշתŲһͽ͵̶οǻˡ
ת֮ʣ˵˽ǰɾڣɸ֣ɱڣ
һվţüĵӡ΢΢˴಻ʮɣѪһţȻԷ֮ӭǰ;УͻȻŤ˼£ˮ磬˳ƶеȥ
֮˲䣬˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣ʲźѪҫֱۣ͸˶ãȻ
䲻ݻ֮ʣһкᴩ֮ǡˡˡ죬ɾڵѱնǰɣٿȻأһתָᴥüġ
ȻٴηλߺʬһɲǣµãȻлɳˣʹɱ֣ɣ󲽳˹ȥһͨҡ顢顱ը֮УӺɣĽһƾѪ˳ŵһ
Ƭ֮ڻӰҲֹİĶŲֻ֮ܽǻĳɱкһ֮Сʬȫޡ
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һϺȴէȻѣ͵һͣأԽ߬ͷԼ£ǷɽѪ۹룬̴桭
ˮնζЦ˵ȴ˷ʤϲɺأֻʤʹͣǺǡͷȦѻָԭ״ٶʯ̨ƵĺɫͬǲӰ
Ԫӵ̶һɫĪ⡣
ˮ̧һ㣬Ʊ仯ʱĶڻȻֳһ˼ۣתŲմȻȥ


1162 ҵ
˳ȥˡ
һ֮ʣڵ˷׷Ȼ塢ʮλ֮ࡣ
һȥһûãɽֶʮˡ٣лŮһ㷲ͼ˵ϣѰٳԼˣ
˱Χʸȴפ
ֻǻ˺ȴɫ졣еˣֹ糣ǳйһȦ˵⡣һλƤˣͷɢѪ߬˫ȭɺ˫ۣɢɱη
٣ȴռ˳ȥ֮࣬ʵף
ɣӲ׹֮ˣòڻЩ˭Ͼ˵ǿ׺
֮ν˲¶࣬Ҳ
һ۹ӹˣⲽԼĵطǸӶ˿ӳתӡڳͬˣһ
ǿߣ֮ԣ
ӺƻѪȵɱ¾֮УĿĿ⣡ǰ˸ӰʱʧȥĹһ㣬ֱ͵ǴҴææŤ׷ǰȥеֺ̧֣ҵСһɫûˣֺõЦ欣
ΣɽڵĿȻ
˿ӶڽưĮĬĬá
ɽһǰһͣ½Ų̱˸ռˣûŲѵ˼Ѱȥ˭϶ԷͻȻ㵽һԣǸ
ӳ˹ʢ˵ָ
Ƭ֮ɽڰ
һɢȥյ֧һֻšһ֮⣬ӱֱţأΡ
ڽһʱɽڵʿȻǽϤһףܿ㱻İ档
ǸԪÿ˵ʱ򣬺һӡ˱һǵģ˿ӣԼӶ
֪֮䣬¹ȥÿγȥ˶࣬١ɽٴʣʮˣһ֮ڼٽ
һʱԡʱĬĬԼķԲ֮ءӶţֻһ¡ںʱ֪ԴϴζԾ֮ͷһĳ嶯
ȥֻ˰ڲҪھѰһ·ѡδɽˮһ
һ֮⣬ʼղԶ벽Ȼλֲˣ۶ûһںһܻŻѵܱһ
Ӵϵ飬ĬĬһԡλֲӣͦε֫Ȼ̬Լ׵ƣ޲мӡ
һӰ
ȻתǺüĿ
ľλ˿ӣӢģҲΪ£ֻڼͣ΢΢ʾ⣬ȴɫĮȻɣԹĿ˵ɷѽύһ
ظһָ̧ͦϡĺ룬ֵصصлֻ̧ᣬ׽١֮⣬ܷųȥ˵أֺαطѹȥύһأ
һδ˯˯
ԳӲδ֪Ѷˣֻǵؿһۣתһԣ˵֮ǰйţλӦֵѡ
һȻԷҪύ֮ˣԼ֮ʣȴȻˣҪҵ֣
Թ˵٣ҽӴ˽١ʹ˼ƽһܺùݣͷߣ˵Ҳǲ̬ȴȻȻ
ӲԷ˵꣬ƤһٴɫشϵรǣЪϢҪšͷذڰ֣Ҫ֮ߡ
ͬʱ߳죡
붼룬ӻַԸ졭ɫÿæڨڨЦ֣Ī֮أ԰
һϥŲԶվӰʾףͽ˵
ףٲǰ
ͷУҪ
һ۹б߳ʵӣ𣿡
ӲӴҪŽ죿вޣʱײֱȻµͬ㻹Ҫ˼Ρ
ͷôһλ⡣ֱ׳ģһסüͷһ֣
һ壬نȥûᷢʲô״
ӲΪ裬Ǵ棬ϲã˳ӵţֵһ仰µСԸϡŲƨɣææ㵽֮⣬ٲԶȥֱֱ֮䣬ɣ
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ڲԶ£һֱھע˵˵֪ΪΣֹ̿˲䣬ǵĮɣΨ۹һĨ޵Ц⣡
һѭȥ΢΢ӡֳӷһۣס˼漴ʲôȤ£һ֣ԺǺһ֡
Щ⣬˹֣ʵֵԵηЦʲɲǣѱ˿꣬޴Ӷܡ
һüһʵǰкָ̡
ߣ񡢶ֲʧ˭ǰʿ̶֮󣬾ǽûɵһš°ͣסͷ
ǡڴʱͶһƳмһжȴķǣƱתһʾ¡ԷأԱжбţЦЦģ׽͸
Ľ˸ԶԶɽڵˣɫû˭ȥĶΨǸӶһԶĬĬ
Ƭ֮˾ϡ۹һ̧˵ֵӦ֪˴ˣֻһ;ǻΪѪɷѪɷҽһˣ£©
Ӽǽס꣬һʱֱ裬Ƥһ鴤ȴֲţֻŭŰ
ͻȻһɫһˣ˵֮ˣĪǱħµĵӣ
֮ǰӵĿеϤħΪǿһҶһ˴ؾɽǺͷС˵Ѫɷݣ
˵ϣ²ħ֮ˣħһϸ˵ǹӵͽ̸֮ʣʼһһһ¹سɰܣܲΪСġ
˲޵ķʸһԹ֣ɫ˵Ӧóħޣʶǳηͽһ
ħ֮ˣֹǧ֮໥ɱߣȱȽǡѲضǡ˵һɫŻͲ٣ֵͽ̲ҵҵΨȥѪɷһ
Ѫɷ̶֮УƵãڼλֵƤ£ָ£
һ⣬ɫѯʡ
ҿ£һоһžȻֵҵ


1163 ͻȻ
һϣһ٣Ԫֵ˳ȥͬеģӡԼλɵ֡һλˣɾڵΪйһΡνľ
ĳЩ˿ɽеǿߣһǿǿ֮ĶԾѪɷкô
һ˴֮ͨУԪǰȥµ·Ѳİ̶̵г̹󣬼ӭһУȴϣ
һںͷɫ糣ǰļ֮⣬еλͬ顣
ڶ֮ʣԳһͷʾ⡣˴֮䣬ĳЩԼֻΣ˭Ҳ֪
ಽг൨ĵļơʿɣһ硢Ծǻ֮顣俴ǴԵҪҽץס
µλ֣ӦҲԤ֮ڡв֪֮䣬صĬ
һ˫֣ǰС
ԽҡεӰԿǰЩС
˵ΪֻɾڣǼıȴǷǱһ㡣˵ķӣĿ
ǰ˵ˣѪɷҪвأˮԪӵ˶ֻ˳ҳѪ̶ȥѪɷȱȻҡʱأɶһ·
˾ټΪðգв㽫֮ءȻĹͷٲκεĽҡΨɷ׻֮⣬
ʶŵðȥѪɷΣͷһơֻ³ɣȥбһ׮أһʽ־
ֻҪˮԪӵȸϵĺɫƣƽơƾڵһʽ־ڰʱ֮ڽȥɵĽ֮ǼλĸˣɵΪӶݵֶΡ
˵һʽ־ΪʦŵطЧ˽־һشӡ
ӵõ־֮æذгԣȻôʱɵΪ㹻ʩչһֽšˣ˵ܾʹ˰Ѷ򾳣ǼһʱĹۣȴʧֵֻ֡
һͨ˾ͷһͨ졣Ԫӵʾ£ǰͷתȥӽԻһƳһڲУ

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һʯ̨֮ϣϻصˮԪӵ֮⣬ֶλСɵߡΣ֪ؾصĸǷ㳲
ʮɷԲѪ̶֮ϣħ뵣ڻɭȻҸӵŨء
Ѫ̶ٶ֮⣬ѵȺŽյλ֡λߡλˣһλŮӣһ⣬ΪɾСڵĸ֡
ŮӣΪػͣȴ޸еĽŶȹ֫ѰӰĽ׳ģ㣬֮䣬ԼӢ
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Ǻǣȴսʤߣ߳ؾʹ͡
ˮʯ̨Ӹ£оһһƵƣЩ£ͬΪɫȴࡣͬһλͬ飬һ۹עɫĽΪ
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˵ħпħˮ֣ӦΪƶɡƾǿħ⳩ͨ裬Ϊѵáվһһ࣬ʱ˵Ӳʹ͸ˡҲթλţ˼˵Ϊƣȴħ޵մ˵ר֮ԷŵնĲ
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ͬʱңңŵ˫ȻȻǼĳò֣ȴغóֿȭһľֻ˵ˣ
ĴӶλɾ֣˴˲кѲԼͬؿ˳ȥΨб֣Ȼ
ӻͷһۣûҶɣҲæų˳ȥͷмӲһ̤ʵλԵγٳٲĪҲ˱ı£
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⣬פת׾Ӣϳֳɻ󣬼ѯʣֵѣιʵ飿Լ¡
һȴⲽͣջѲ߮۹⣬ԴΪȻӦĳϲúˣкβס
ŷһȥķǰٶʯ̨ɫһߴٵֵѣȣ²˳١ˣ䱾ȴվŲ̧ܵΡ
һ΢΢˵ͷģżǰУǲ
νȣԶ֣ȥѪɷȵȡ
䡢䡢䣡ͻ
һУȥȻһ١ʩչĶ
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ͬʱѸһʵϡԭأЩ֪롣λͬƽ־ΪҪæ£
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ˮ֮еΪߣϵش룬߳ȵ죬ӡ̧һָʯ̨Ե˲ɳɫĻ⡣
Ԫӵ˻ȻʡһɱڣȴְȦħ赲ֻƾˮʩΪȻˣҲ⡣ڳͬŽ
䡢䡢䣡
죬λٴ׾ٵسȥ֡ûΪǿδԷնɱɲɭȻɱٿȻûвҽУûжܣźɫһһѳм
ԷΨһҴǸŮӣǻʧɫж磬ɽڵĵշתŲԵüΪý쳣ڱصõɱСǰ󲻹Ϣ֮䣬֮ͬ£סͷȥ漴΢΢Ȼ
Ϊѱɱȴδ׷һλİӣΪһ˵塢Ϥ
ŮϾ룬ԾֱһȲػҡһȣȻȻԷ֣ʱΨһ
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ˮҪʹɱ֮ʣһӰض𣬾ֱѪ̶ȥȻһֻֽű
ԪӴʧɫߺѪɷδ䣬һӰѪ̶׷ԸӡɱŮӡ


1164 ȴ֮
ɱŮӡ
˫˫ԭء
Ƚõģƴ߸֮ټ¡˭һʩչ־ɱ䣬ʹһжסʱ˿̣ѱ˭ȥɱˣ
һΪҪѪ̶ˮԪӵϰݡ
һв֮䣬ѷɵѪ̶Ϸȥһ٣һĹâ漴Խ˺ɫ赲Ǻɵһͷȥ
һȥȴһǡڴʱһƺɫĻٿȻڰգ޴ӶܣһӰͻȻ뵽˹ĪѪ̶֮С䱾ȥһڰæ֮зץȥǽɭɲħһġ
ˮȦδ뿪ʯ̨סɫһ
ǸŻ۵˳ǰȥһ̤Ѫ̶֮ϣɶȴֵĺɫȻ޾塣ˣȻһʢ붴쾳ĸֲ¡Ϊ̯ƣһƻ棬Ȼʧ٣
״ˮȻʧǺˣΪβħɷ𡭡δ䣬Ԫӵ˷ʯ̨ȴδǰȥնš
ͬʱʮɵѪ̶һ㣬һ󼱾緭ӿ̴֮ڳӰ
һֳһ˲һ϶Ϊһ
һֵѣ뽫ѪɷҡȻһ׾ӢϾǴɱ
һأΪ۹һƳ˵ָ̧һһɫĻٿȻ漴Ѫ̶ɭɲƣֱȥ
ħɷ𣬲Բ磿ͷһɫ㵣תܡˣĺɫ֮죬һɫ磬ǽ˷ʤ顱һ죬âȻ˳ȥֱʮſסΣ߳ŭֵ߳󵹸꣬Ϊİ㡭
ƭҶʱΪİ㣿
һı粵ֵָ̯һƺɫĻûĲ˼ͷ꣬һ˦䳭ȴѪâ֡
һȭͷСɫԲ飬ӨӨ󣬹⻪תĪʹΪ֮񼤵Գ֡ɣ̺ž޴ְ֮ųǧʿľѪΪ·Ѫ̶
⣬ĪѪɷ
һɻ֮ʣµʮһɢķɫ졣
Ӷڰ֮⣬֡˽ĿȻһʱŪ״
֮ǰйԼΪʩչ־֮󣬲ֻɵΪǱԭɾڸʤһΪߣһȻȫΪƵļɢƣٲȻһ쾳ǰˣ˵Ĺ죬кͼ
ڲ󣬽סϲֺ䣬ʹĳ嶯
ǸӢ˲ŮվڲԶͬǾȲѡѵԼˡħأ
߳ʣ˻ӦǰѪ̶֮ϵİȻӰŭ֮࣬⡭
˿ⲻȴĻֶĪרΪѪɷǺ
ڴʱˮǰһݵֵλӦֵѣ뽻еѪɷ̡һԵԪԶһɫŸ͵ʦֻ뽻Ѫɷɾʹȥ
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һѭ̧ͷ΢΢һЦһ࣬ʵѣֻ뽻Ѫɷұû·кβء
ˮͷߴٵȽնȻ߲ѣĪҪ󡭡
Ψһ˵˴ؾħǵ衣ΪѪɷ¾ʿ©ؽںȻ󲨣룬ЩϷȥ
һͽĴڣŷϲͼ졣ˮŭ߳һ˦һĹâХȥ
˵֮ʣз׳һתݡ֮˲䣬һ顱ը飬סϮĽâ䱾ǳû㵽һ࣬Ѫ̶һ赲ơɽھôĵط޴Զȥɼ鼱֮УȻʧ
һУˮЩ⡣ԷȻ񣬶֮»й¶мΪǶĳСɣȴ޶ȫ磬ȴҪԶԶˡ
ΣԪ뼸λͬв²⣬еǡŵҡҡͷԶʵĪҶ£ҪȡѪɷ仰δ䣬µλɢһѪ̶Ϊ磬ڳһ䱸ɭϵļƣ˫ңңš
ӡԼǸŮӣԲçײһ㵽ɽĽ׹
һնܵĶδѪɷӣͷ΢΢ݡɴ뵣淭ڣѪ˸˿˿Ƶħбӿתڣھٺ߲֮ϢֻȻʹΪΪߣڵʮ֮ڣΪħɷ裬ܽƵšֻҪ䱾Ƭط뿪ްһȡ֮ߵķԴȪټϴ˵ǿѪɷ֪ܷλ
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˫ִ֮ʣһһƳǳ֮ж˼һűﲻһʵ˵ѪɷһԸ
Ī
ˮЩɵ˵ϵˣҵȲ
һǰŶϢ˰΢΢һЦ˵ĳͬԸǷǡˮѶͽ̡
ˮһɫвα˵˴ؾѪɷΪҼҼɻͽӵһ˻ģǵ֮ԵʶȤٽ֮Էݡ
һȻرǵˡطһ䣬Ϊ仰һתʵѪɷ֮飬أ
ҼĶ֮޴áˮвͣ˵һֵǮĶ֮⣬ΪһǿʵΨңֵӦҶ¡Ѫɷն񡣶ҶҼ֮ͬ꣬ȴ֮λ͡
˴ˮЦøؽŹȰֵΪĪҪʧɺޣֻ뽻ѪɷħǱһϯ֮ء仰δ䣬ɽһ˵ЦǺǣҶƫƫϵѪɷôв֪˭ն񡭡
һһתΪѵӣ˵Ը꣬ԱĳȡᡭʱѪɷֻ֮Ŷ
ʲۿѴ󹦽ɣ˭˶һ٣ɫɣסƺһ˾Ѳ룬һҧصĶжڵǿߣȴϲ¥Ϊ˶ħǣ㲻ֶѪɷһ٣ȥһֵݴϹط˾ѪΪʹ쾳ĽɵİաٲãѰ֮һ׵Ϊ
˴ԾʧԣȻּĿڵֵѽѪɷĪóѡ
ˮԪӵ˲󣬳Ȱֵ˼
һ֮ɫꡣ˲䣬ѪɷٿȻӰ
֮ɲǣɽһ߳𣺡ҶѪɷ
һɫ糣ȴǳذһƣ벻ȡ̣ʱУꡭһƳֵ˺õĶĳȴ֮Ҳ


1165 
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ˮԪӵŭ֮£ٲңһ¶
Ȼεı仯ֻöڽﲻҿ
˵ĲԶһλŮӡͬǾ㵲ѣһ֮λ쾳ǰ˲ǷˣǱͷˣݹ۰˻ģ˭д˵ǡ
ؿҧгݣ޺֮£̧гһźɫĹâļƣҪˮֶԸһвʣֵ߳ѣ㲻ǰĪҲں󡣽ѪɷգȻͬˮ𡭡
ʮѪ̶֮ϣһȻǴģãʧճֵĴۣȻơѪɷΪ԰̤յ쾳磬״˵ˣԼӲǷǣȴҲӲηκεҪЮҪĳѪɷд
һ۹бҷ޷üĻȻһɫӡǡէȻһһֻۣǹ죡ڴһ˲һ䣬ŨصɷȻѪ̶֮ϣԭ뵷ڵħȻʢֱϣת֮Ϊһ壬Īɱķ
״ڳ˽һ
Ѫ̶Ϊר裬϶Ȼһ塣ȻѪɷе֮߳µǧ˵ľѪΪΪһãǿ֪֮һУһֻȻɵħޡ
һѪ̶᲻ͷֵԶţһƲ޹ϦΪⲻ˵Ҫˡ仰вָȻֵһҲ٣ʮҲࡣҪĳΪУǣ
еù¶Ƕ㲻ʤ㡣Ȼˣʹأһ˫ȭȥֻ򿸹
һϣסʶԼ⣿䵨ˣŲǺħ޸֡ƿѪ̶ħɷ𣬼ħʵĵմ಻ˣǺ
ˮûģȵѪɷ֣ӲؾȻףʱ̧һָͷȦٴη漴һɫĿֱһȥ
ͬʱԪӵ̳֡磬ǿ빥һ
ȣȴԳδûѣźһ䡭
λ˵ĺһ
ټɽէ
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գ֮䣬ķʱûһƬ׻֮СֻħɷĺͬпǣʱԪӵ˵ĽâȻͣͬһ١
ڴ˼䲻ݻ֮ʣһûһķ漴̧ǰһָƾһѪ⣬Ծ޸֮ƺȥ
ˮȦ֮ںڲѡ֪Էηħֺαضһ١δͨһϵȻ֡
ֻѪǴǿĪƣġ죬֮ǰΪߣ֮ϮķɱɽǽڵĽƲ˺ѣʩ֮ˣ˫Ŀ࣬ҷɷƣ̤Ѫ̶ķٲȻħ٣
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ˣħ겻ӰеĵմӲλħʵ£ҶࡢΪСǣħ֮ͨ
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ˮ˼֮ʣһ˲ѱɵѪû֮˲䣬һ졣ֻѪݺڶ֮ϣʱضɽҡʯɽٲǬߵֻһΪ촷ۣ
Ԫӵзȴħ顢顱֮УĹƾ˱˶ȥ漴ֱ衣ܵĽȻѣЯƾûô
ӡԼǸŮӽǷڵأŸڿշһбڶŷϵΪѻָ˴롣ĳûӶݣȴ޴ȥ
ЩǱضɽĽһáѪ󸫣ħͨɣħʲ֮ء
мѪ̶ΪʼһĻֱȥɽľͷһİ̺ۣɷǴĿġһ̤ն̬ħ޸ɱˮ˲䣬ѪѪ̶еһߺڹٿȻ뵽ڣǰû𡭡
ɷѿĴһѪ̶ҪѪɷԱȡɷΪ㣬ħӡİԵ̰һޡ
ֻħӡһܱλ֣ɱǿһˣʵϣɣԼˣǵڽѪ̶֮ɽɣҽƽȴħӡ֮ΪСһʽӡһѪ̶߷ڷյһѱܲأˮ׵壬⣡
ǳ׼ˮʶħӡȴӦ֮ħʼմͽӦϴв֪м޵ħӡԺҪСˡ
ߣаȻ޵ħӡеӡӵħɷħ磬ħԨԴ
ת֮䣬ɽڽһִ̧üģǵɫӡ֮£ϺڵѪڵķħɭȻ꣬һǬӴӰһ϶һһСơеһˮ˵ħһǴ˵صĽơ
ֵѣΪħ޵ͳˣ˴˱֮ͬꡣ뽻ѪɷҼؽл
һһûӰԪӵȻһԴ˳Էƴǰж˼ΡħӡħʵͳˣЦ
ֵѣǰðǵѡʵˡҶ¡ֻҪѪɷó𣬹Īɡ
ѴӾȴȻϷͻȻðһħ޵ĸ֣縺ħʵĴУ֮ʷ˻ı˭˭ӮΨȫԸ
һѭȥҡͷ⣬ĳħʵ˲Ҫ뵽һı֮С֮ʼ˵ľʡֽΣǽڴ
ĳ˱޹֮ãνܴ裡һССѪ飬ѣҪôȥҪô֣ߡ
һҲֱ׳ԷȻȥüбѪһ漴һץһ١Ѫ̶жʱһɷħ֯Ŀ쭣һʵħ󸫺ն


1166 ΪȻ
ħӡ֮𣬾ǴѪ̶֮ȻһѹĴ󸫣п߰ɣѪһǰ
ǰħ󸫣ǻûɡǰ֮ͬʵʣɢɷǾˣ޵þӡɣĪǱΣ
״Ԫӵ˲Ȼѡ
Ǿ޸֮£˭赲Ϊǿ
ԪӱȥˮҪ࣬ʾ£ͬʱ裬Ľ⣬һɫħƾնת˲һ漴һɸߵӰҡβܱģֻ׳˫ĿƣͷһԹǣкһ˶ӣֱһȥɽ֮У˽Ųصġ顢顱
ˣҴһ¡ȴһֱųϵĶ
ǰԪӵУųһѹȻС˵óѣ˷ؽܴɡ
۹һ̲ѵǷûħ񣬿ȶڵĸ֡˵һ룬ȻֹԷ˭õѪɷԼԸͷתסɴ˫ۡ
һȻն˫ϳ࣬üһɫӡ΢΢иа
һħĪǿͨǷȴδйصĹԼľĸ򡣴ʱ˿̣ΪɷƣѪȾ꣬㱼صݱ֮СﲻаƶΨвķѪɱ¾һпƷ򡢵ߵɥ֮ȻȻ
һپ㡣
˵ħ
ǸߴħӰ˽ǰݺݾеԭɽʱ£ɳʯХλֵĺ֮£ƺˡ
䲻ݻһ˫չһץǰľ޸ȻС޸ϣԵ̫Сʧ硣֮˲䣬·ʮɵѪ̶ŭȪ緢ͻȻкȻųһϺڵѪٿȻΪһ塣
ĹһκƮȻθ֮߱߰ޡ˫üһɫӡԣټһ˫ϳĹâʮһɷ٣аƻȻʢɣŴδйǿɱеħݺ˳ȥ
ɽԭΪ˵սʱ˿̣޷
䡪
һը֮âѶղֻһɫѪħϺԾ֮ƿϮȥһĺ֮ɳɽʯɽħŰһݣĩս١
ħĻӰȻ޸ȻͲɵԪӵ˴ʧɫ룬æ־Ӷݶȥ飬ɽʯ
ӡİŮڵأԷǿ͡
תûһԵĶ֮У漴Ķºƣģرá
Ƭ̣ȥ˺ܾá
һнͣżɽʯĶɷǾˡ̮ɽȻǳɱ̴档
Ӵӵ̧ͷҴһƳæٺľϲӿͷס¶Цݣʾ֡ס仰ųڣæ
Ů֮࣬ͬɫɻԳ
ɽĽɫЩԹЩ塣һϮ˿ڣݵȴǶ˼ְ͹ȡµûӰ㡢ġ
ǰǷ˵ħˣһ˱ģüĵӡûˣҲһǰأ̤ն㱣ĬĬŽµһѪ̶
Ѫ̶˳֮ʮɷԲһ˶ʯӣǿտյٲһһεľѪһ˿һħĺۼʲŵһȻľеСħӰصĽ޸ҵƣ޲Ϊ֮
ôһգ֮޸֮ȥնǺӡ¡
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ֹƬ̣Ѫ̶ԱߡȻɫɡ
һ˼лع̤˵ǰԶ˵ֵѣҲǶ֣Īǰӡ
ǻİ࣬࣬Ҳࡣ
ɽȻ̮룬һƬǽ壬ʯĽڣһʱȥ·
֣ӵСġ
ֵѣ壬Թ
֣֡Сˡ
һ۹ӹܣʾ⣬תԳŮԶꡣԷӰĽ׳ģ㣬ü͸Ӣʹ˺øб¶һЦصλŮӣ
ԭϳҵݣȴΪμħءдн֣Ϊȴȫ޽˵Ϊֱˬ
ŮӵϴϢȻһ˫ۡϾ󣬷ܵ˴Ե˵١ΪҪ
Ծ䣬ƣæ͵
Ӷһʹػ˵ֵѣƾԸԼܻȫƾһ͡ҶԷͨǿ󣬲֮Ľ׷һλǿߣȻ֮٣ɽڵһˣ֮ǰ¼ɣǾԶ֮Ϊã
һ˵ͷһˮЯơʱĶ߷˹ȥڵĽȻԶȻ
ֵѣܷͬС
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һȥһ٣ͷһƳ
һò˵ŮȻȴ޿ֵӺǼһﻹţüĿҲˡԷãɫﻹǸӢӵİģһͶ·Ůӣ
ħӡһԪӵ֮⣬ͬʹԳ֡¼ã޴ΣֻݵķĿʾˡ
˱һŮӡڴˣһλСɵǰˣ
һ̣ӡ⣬˭һȴδ
һɫȻȴδھܾסһͷһңɫǷ˵ֵ֮ѺЦȻǿ˶ߡĴҡ
˵֮ΨһڳߡʱԷԼһӡԲޣԼֵһһ£ĪҪ׽
ӵļƣٲȻһλػʹߣ
һ˵ȴ˴ӡ۹һдǰưǲؿʵĪ֪ЦԵɡ
ɫһȻСĽŶԷ
ЦŮװжƫŮ̬Թ˵ţȻһЦֵͶ̥ҲݻòˣֵѣΪȻ񡭡
ͬڴ֮ͥ£˰ȥ߻һλŮӣӶʱɫǺ죬Ҫ粵ȴԶԣǻ̼ԭתһȦȻ㣬޺߳Ѫˣ˼˾ĺӡ߬еѰƴļƣ漴֪УһŤίسһ֣Ŀɼ
ָ룬ֱգ򶨡ھ⣬У˵ΪΣڣǰ;
ʧٺֱ֣°Ȼر˰ӣڵ֡ģӶҲضã
һ۹˵һӶֿǣȴ֪˵Щʲô


1167 һ
Ұ˰˻֮һ֮ء
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ڵԼֱ֮һǸ⡣˵й֮٣ʵǵѡ˴˲ǰɺޣв˺Ƥ˵ˣΣͷйĵѡǰ;δ˫Я߳һɶԵ֣
գħǱؽ飬ֵҲħһ֮
⣬Ǵ쳣˵صؾȴйŹ֡רƵƷ̼ᱻΪ˰ڲȵȡ
Ұصʿг֮ǰȥħǹɣȴһⲼµĴĵƫԶ֮أҪһû뵽ͬĲˡӵλ¡
һĶǵĴսҴߵһ
һǸĴˣȴҲûлؾ⡣Ůӻеα޹ؽҪǿʱСԺֽΣ޴֪Ұǰ˵
ɽȻ̮ĽƲδٻټϵĪ⣬û˸̫çײ
һЩؿһѪ̶漴ΪԼ̰һ
ñ˵ľѪΪȫһ֮˽ʵ˲мΪ֮
Ѫɷĳ֮
һѭʱĶȥӡ
һ˳˶֮ϤĽ֮ٴν١
ʾʩչ־ԱָɵΪɴӿֽŴԷޣ
һȴδȥͨĶ·ͣˮǿ䣬һεķĴлѸ£ȻܱĽ֮һʱû˺֮ǣʾĳ鿴һλǡ
;·ڣԪšЩʲôãܲ˸е档
һһ仰ͨǰȥûһͣת
ಽϴЦţȻƽط˵Ԫӵ˶Ȼϰݣס˳·ҵȻһΪˡ
ŮȻһӵװ磬ӣԶɽ˫üԼˮӣּ¡ȻһЦ޷е˵ƣ򲻴ֵϴ˵ҵԶҲ仰ͣҼΪ⣬˴˼ѾǰӶ޽١
һɷؼͷһʣתǰȥ
ͨɡʶ֮УɼһĲԶڵĺۼ
ʮ֮һͣ
һɶ೤Ķڣһ㵭Ĺâ֮¡Ϸβ
һפƬ̣һһķٿȻȥˮʱһâŤȻ΢죬ŷĽ֮⣬һɵɽȻ֮֡У߰˸ӰŮԣ޲ήٲ
ΣһȻ
ڰˣλߣһλȻΪȴһ粻סΣ뱻ƭ˵ʿȻͬ˺ڴ˵ش˺ܾãҸԵн֮
˫֮ʣĿȻʧϡ
ѭȥֻɽĽһλ߻תݿ£˫ĿݣĬȻɵǡգֳնȻӾٶ
ŵؾͷȻЩҵػصҶǰйһ֮Եǡ󣬶ԷΪħ޸ˣȴΪܴݲСȻиɳ羪˵Ĺʦٰ֮
Ǳϵ΢΢ףĮȻ˵ҶҰ֮ħңյôλõӡ
ȻǵԼˣһͣסҡ
һ˫֣˼
ӰıŰӣһĺ档
ӶأԵ˫ۣһҡͷ
Ϲ˫۵˵Ϸеļλףѱ˺ܾáܾãѶϾСǻȥɣû֪ħʵ䡭תȥֳڽ֮Сµ˽һԲһ˵ĵ޶ԡ
λǿˣ⣬ԼͼѡڶԷҶһʲűԼҵŪɳ׾Ҫ˴˻ţⲻһۡ˾٣ֻΪħʵ䣿
תȴɫζֹһӰⲽǰסһ
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һɽĵ룬վ
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һ˹֣˵һλǰӦû˭
ǰȻΪһ䲻֪٣Ǻüǡ
һԹ˵ĳλǰľ£֮£ֻ÷һս󣬽;˴żλǰһ٣ֵ̹ĳƾĽƣὫ˴Ľƾλǰأǡδ䣬һ˦Ȼתߡ
Ī˵ڳİλߣӡҲ⧲֣£ֻΪ˵һλ
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ӡԣֻܸ档ԭأɫ
ڴʱ˿ڵ
һȻ˶ڣһ٣תʵǰкηԸ
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һòˣԻܿش˵صڶ֣ǴԲѣǱģ
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һü΢΢˼˵ת˲ԭʧȥӰ˽治ᡣƬֻ̣ø˳ȥ
ڽƴ󿪣ͨɽ֮Уֻʣ˰λʯߡһλԲԵĸ˿˵֣ĺҹƶˣš͵ܹݰˣᣡҵ飬СҲΪȻһĬȻͷȻⲽأĻȫʼȫգһ˶ϣ
Σ˵ҵȻ֮ãҵ˫Ҳֺйһ£ԴûУַ룬ն˫͸һ˿ֵҵ˽٣Ϊ֮ʣǵȲŻգҵΡ
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ڼ󣬿˫֣أԴݻòʱļ̬һ۹һִҴŲתǰĶڽƣħµϡʮףΪĹ֮ϵΪߣҸҲǲϣӦͬؾ֮СȻЩһ򾡣ʵš֮£Ҷһλӡ
һĻ޶ԣǿɫһŹâŤһСĶڻȻ֡ɫһ̧˽ȥ˳£롣
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ݣֻؿ£ɫЩ԰ס
һԶ˶񣬲δ˺󣬶ӭһһ˹ȥŲæ˵ҿܷ㣬ٹ٣ʯԶͣ£лͫ
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һ֮ǰϻǰˣȴδֺãǼΪ⡣ǸߴʯԼԹ˵Ȳ㣬ҡû£Ҳҡ
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һΪȻص˵ͷΧʯתȦӡ
ʯһ㣬ɽϸǶзĽơĸɫжסΪߣ֮ϢĻ漫ΪԵΪڲʴľѪ
ħⲢΪǿĴڣȴʤڹĪ⣡
ͷ۹һƶƬ̣ǷʤٴСӣҹǣֱ졣֮˲䣬ܵʹϮȻҡԴŲ˻
һصǰĲԶ֮⣬һƲ˵ǰҲֻ֣ϧһƬġ
һݺ˦ȥҷһ߳ʵԺ⡭
һȻ˵˵ؿصʿδԶȥʱİ²õ飡ϵڸڵȺĪҪ󼺣
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ΪβƵħɷ׷ʡλڵˣΪ֮˭ţ
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΢΢Ȼ漴ŭɶȵ֣˭ȥ˫ۣ顭
û˫ʶڡ㵹Ȼ˶Է̾һѾ
ϸз飬ʹϧش˵ֻȥƣϱҵȷƣָξȵ
ʲôæʾҵвɣ鿴󣬷λֵԲ顣ʵҡſն˫ۿһֵֵѣֻȵҵֵܶˣԼµλħ޴ףؽݶ飡
ŵôԣӡԿһ԰ڴЩѾõĸϽ飬տɲ˰
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ش˿ڴȻΪȻ˵֣һСεºܡ
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һʵ˵Ҳħɷȴɳȥɹδָ֪ʾɷ׻ȴ׽֮˵֮䣬ָɣϸСĻһɵĻڿնֱڵʯȥ
֮ͬʱɽڵˣϢ
ӡ֣ȴڰмƽϵʧڴ
顱һ죬ɫ˵ͷ֮ϡ
ħɷ赲ʧɷ׻ȴͬ˿ȼ֮ȻһʢһıĶйâ˸ͣ
ͷȥһ㵡ɷ׻𣬾Ȼħɷ
һָ£֮ɵĻֱɵµ֮ϡ˳ڡ˷ٽ죬ɽĶ
ֱʱȥͻȻ졣ֻһҫ۵Ĺâ֮ʧϵĸѪǰ߼ǡͨһſڵϡ֮ɲǣߴʯȻըڵĺɫк


1169 ȥ
ͻɽڶʱ
͵ؽĽǿиΪֱˤڵϣж硣ΪûﻹܳܵסƵı֮
˲䣬ʮɵɽѱڻɡ
ܵ죡룬һƨɱûӰ£˳ȥɽֻʣһ֧Լֹٻ顣
æ֮Уһûжȥǳŵץ׳һȦ
طһɲǣȦѱ߶һɫâƾնʱҴҺ˵
һһץʱĶڣ˳ƴһ˦ԷȦµȫˡɽʯȻˣֱԽͨеˣգ۵Ĺѵʮһɽ֮С
˴µλڵȺ
йâðĵӰḩڵأվΡеһȴֹݣķһգͷһȦ֮ʧת˺˼Ѳ˵洦нƣ·Ҳλأĳˡ
ӹ԰Юͼ飡
һľٶΪ⡣ҪߣЩ˦ҷ¶һʧȥѪɫŲʵ˷ȣ󡭡
λħ޵ĳϣλףһж㣬ȴ޲Ƕڡڵĸָֻ֡յΪǿֵİ˻֮سưһһò˼ֽ飬Ȼһ
Եȥ
һ¾仰ن£ת򶴿ڡļæóȴǽ˲õģĺɫƣԹ˵Ѱȳбĵѡ
ӶȻ˫ͬΣ˵ڣֵзԸҵв֮ʿسųȥ
վڶԣĬĬԶȥ꣬һЦڣϵ˵λǰж㣬вݣ˺Ĳ££Ծౡ֮Ϊħ޵ӣͬЩϡףҲӦ֮壡
أգһ˫Ϲۣſһ˵ĶڳתĮȻ˵ĪҪ˼ˣҵǰ;δȴֻһˡҶҺΪ֮仰˴£Ȼǿͷķŭ
ϥţδѹ俴ʵŮӲһͬ飬˭
ֻͣ½Ų۹ɽһӶĵ͸εɫ
ЩǰһʱǲɡԼһ£⣬ȴһĪޣ
˾Կ
˵Ҷ£Ρ仰δ䣬ɽһŭȣ
˺ɫȻƬ̣£ѭǷһֳķ֣֮󣬴ߵһĨЦתĬĬ߳ɽ
ɽ֮ڣֻʣλλס
Χһ׷ײ鿴ơ˴˽Ǳĥ飬ⲻһꡣ
ֻЪϢƬ̣жѡοһֲ޽ǵ˵ҵڣԱơһֻۣȬָΪβΨаǲȻǹСӵĳ⡭Щ£⾡˿ͷܹ衣һ̶ȥ
ڳ˸ͬܣ׷׵ͷ͡нϸȴĲȥ̾⣿ͷϲ⣬ﻹгԣ
ȻϹ˫ۣΣҪࡣ£Ϊ׾ϵһΪͨ죬һħͳȴҵȣԼҶ޾ʵɻ󲻽⣡ԽԹС˴Ե˵١ʾ£Ը顢ԪѰ·У

һʱ֮һѭŴ۸ӵͨѰһ顣ڴһɽ֮ߵѾۼ˰ٶλħɸҵʿУ֮࣬޲˰̣
ҵȽ԰һ͡ƣˮ֮ӿȪ౨ұˣԵλ뷢ºԸģ¾ѹءвߣĪӷ飬ҶǲӦ
һаٶ˺ƺƵѰʱĶѨʱļԱȥ
һҴţ˽Ų
˴ĴӦǻԪӵ֮֡ʱ·ѱǰһֱͨɵľͷ뵣һʱβ
ڶ˽
һתȥü΢΢һǰվӡˣĦȭƣܵģһԣϴ޵Ц⣻Զ֮⣬ٶ˻һһģֵΪУȵȡ
ЩٺʿʱҪָһ߳Ȼˣ˵жĺ׳֮СǸ˼ļһΪֺ֣ԼֶΣһҪЮ׾ٵر㽫ٶλ¡Ժ˭֪˶ڣʹõ׳˼֣
̣ɴ˿ɼʲôʲôô
һӵľٶδƾš
ǼһΪüƣ䱾ڳÿ˽һö򣬲иϸԵʶӡǣԱʶǶ֮ʣҲ֣Ҫ꼰ˡ
Ƭ̣öӡδЩνͶ״ΪʶȤ㿪һʾ⡣Ƥɷ
֮ʣܵñ˭졣֮ʱĵĹʮ㡣ˣ˵ľٶ˭˵һ֮أ
һּ̧һâһһǰ
ٶλʿŮ٣ΪĥѶҴɵ֡԰˻ĸÿ˵ʦšȺ
һʶһȻ˦ȥֻá飡һ죬öм
Ӿһ漴㣬ίԹ֣˼ҵһƬġ
ڳʿԼⲻѡٶλƿ£׳Լҵƣڳǿߵĺռһϯ֮أֶΪأ
Ⱥеȴ۹һ΢΢ݡλ׵飬ֽٶλ־֮⡣ظ⣿
һ֮¡֮ϵ۷ڡҶԺգͼˡ⣬ڳİٶλʿ޶ĸ֣ȴ˷ÿʦȺԲС
ǰߣǺߣôװ״ʵ˿͸
һ紵мƮɢȥ
һ˫֣۹ӹˣ˵ЮͼǾӣСˣλе֮ʿֺαؾһöСС򡭡Ȼɫе˼ȴǼΪ׶Юͼ˲ݡжĳŴԱУŵؼ
ⷬΪ
ȺеļλȻֵѴԳϣҵȱؽԳ౨ٻ޲
ȵı仰
һһ֣ЦЦ˵Ȼˣʱλ׳ƣ仰䣬ȺһƬٻ޴
ֻ˳ɳյĶ顣»ȱ˵ĺ¶ӡΪ⣬˼
һɫһ˵ڣϡֵͷҵȲЯһ⣡²˳١ͷʾ£תͨľͷ
Գɣ󡭡


1170 ʱ
ɸߵɽֱţֱ͸ڰٶ䣬´ҴңɴǰȥΨһĪ֮価ͷ·Ǿδ֪
ʱ󣬺ƺƵһ
һâĶڳǰоŸӰڻͷ
ǰλһλˣħµĳǡеǳ壬˼ֲӡԵˣȻɫίƣģ
ǳ׼˼ȴĶڵסȥ·κηΪֻڴˡһЯڶλǰ˺⣬һڴ
֮⣬һפȺ
֮ͬʱһſն˫ۣϰ˵һԵ
ڵϣĬĬԶȺǸһᣬֹ죬ȴٴξȳڶʿɴ˿֮ǰδ
һƮȻǰת֮ѵ˵ĲԶ˹֣Цʾ⣬δѣǾʮĶڡֹ̩ȻδǰһȺ˷
˲Ϊ裬Ǳ˴Ӷ²
ͨľͷһӨӨâ֮£Ӧñǳ·ڡ
һڶڽƵԶͣ£еĻͫһ˸꣬ǽ˳ǰȥ
һâš飡һ΢졣ƽڵĽƣ漴㱻Ȼɻ
һֳƣ΢΢ü
˽ǰ˵˴ؾڣ졣ǷȻãΨʩչֶ֮仰˾Ӹµ֣˼ֿº͡ݾȻڳ̬Ҳ
һһƳɷ
Ϲۣȴʲô֪նۿ֮Уǵƣ˲ֱӣ
Ȼħ޾κξޣҪǿƽв
ַ룬£ﵽ˵ȥؽǲǰʱҵսӴ˽٣ǺǡһЦβɣŨֿ꣬һ̾ϧħӵǧ֮һжͷҵֻ֮غ
仰˼˵ħȻǿʢһʱȴƾϼʽǺܿ˵ɣȴеħޣΪħ޵֮һֺγԣ
һ۹˵ǰˣ
ΪϷģҡҡͷ˵ԶУȡᡣ֮УϺи֮Ž񣬼Ϊѵð֮⣬һ˵٣ɵĶ࣬ȴֶȡᣬĹ֮Ϸ㣡
һɫɣȴǲźۼԱһлˣƮƮȻ
Ϲ˫ۣȴֺ˷꣬һȻġ˵֮ν˱󡣶Ϸ򲢷ˣҪһŵ仰һתż֣أǸͳֵֻҪ򿪶ڣϷһ뿪˵أ֮ʱϷؽΪͽ㲻ȻҲȡħǣɾһħ޵İΡ
ⷬջˣǳΪħʵĵӣǳΪħ𣬶Ϊ֮Ŀѣԣλλ׵Ǹ𣿺а˻ģָնҲ
Ϲ۵δ˵滰
һ´ŵģ꣬һص˵ͷӦһΪԷԤϣ΢ЦһΪ
Զ֮⣬ϥһֱڶ˶ԻĶ죬ɫһ˿м߲԰׵ʱҷ֮С
һܵοȻδ̧һӣ˵λ˺ɣĳΪΪƻҪһİǿƽڱСڳ֮УΪްߣΨһ˶ѡܷƷͬϵһ֮
ȥǵȺеİλͬʾ¡ת֮䣬һо˵Զ˻Ϥԭί֮һ׹
ǰ֮ڣֻʣһӰ
һĬĬԶڽƣǷһĨԳЦ⡣꣬üĵӡֳнɫĹâٿһ漴ȫ˽۽𷢵ģµ֮䣬ͻȻ
֮⣬ɫע
Ű֣˫ֶԾԾԣܵؾһ˵ôԼˣ
ӣ֮£ɽģȴ¶ЦݡλֵѾȻޣ˾׽˼֣
Ŀѣҡͷ֣̾䣡
Ŀ⡣ħһࣿ
ħ޵һӳϡɫĪ
ͬʱһŨü˫ۻܵȻ꣬βȥΪ졣ȥʮɣһ٣͵ػӶȭͷ˫ˮ֮ƣݺǰȥзһĳ𣺡ƣ
ңؿƣ֮ƿ֮½ƾ֮
һӰȻֻһĽɫӰ͸ڰ˺գֻһҫ۶ĿХȥ
䣡

һէһ˺Ѿ졣ķضɽҡͨͷĹâɲǱ֮һڵĶڡǵӰȴȥƲֹٿһʧڶ֮Уת֮䣬ܾɫһ䡣ǿաƣĹâеȺʱӰ
飡
һڳڵһ˲䣬ĽâȻȻ֮䣬ӦԡŽһȭǿĹѵ˽ǰһ֮УӰķѡ
Ц̶·һ
˾Ԫʦ֣Сġ
ǿ֮£ùâų֣ҴСԶȡеһĿضһĺɫڡԶ⣬ԪӵλĸԴǷɳĽɫӰ֮󣬲Žʧһľ޸Ȼ֣漴һѪŭķ
䣡
ִ֮£˼֡ʲб޻һ·ͻȻ̵ħ޸˵ǰȴǺɵԪӵ͵ص˳ȥһӰֳͬˣ
ϣԪӵǽԴҲĸ󣡶־Ǹ֣˺ħӡ֮°Ȼ
һȥڷƳΧ֮£ȥ޷ȻʱԪӵˡվȣ´סһãȻ
˴ǺڣǴŰٶλУָΰԪӵ˵ľ
һδŪڵ״ͻȻɳһӰ
ֻλץжϸϹ۵һо̷ɳ˶ڣת˲֮ѵǿ֮Сӡ
һһԣȻִżɻ󡣵ˣֻؾɻָΪֻЩħ޵ĳ׵ڿнơ俴Ʋȴ֮ǰȦȻǶһ١
ħ޵ľλ֮󣬲δԶȥǰҴӵһٲһƣǲе˵һϷ飡ʱ۽գȺеǺǺЦа֮ɫԱ
һڹŵӰʧǿ֮С
ԪӵѴԶأȴܻȵɱۣ䲻÷ŹǸһ


1171 
ħ޵ǰˣǴһ׮ٶʧֵѪɷû˵𰡣
˵ˣסǾλˣסһĺ󱲣
Ԫӵλ֣Զ˶ǸһףΨнɱܽ
ٶλʿƮǿ֮Уһʧ롣Ž˭ת˲ֻ֮
˴ңӴܡ
һأԳԶɫ
ЯȥݷΪѰȴΪȻڱ鲼ķ֮䴩磬գ۵ĹȻûӰ˵ⷬٶΪ̼ǱʵԼҵݲ¼ȨȴйӲ֮ӣ
⣬Ǿ䡰һΪ˵úĪ˻Сգ۽աעš㵹Ϲⲻ֪ĳҪľ仰
ķң֮ʱָδȥЩʿ
һ̧ٳ۹
ڴʱ˽ǰɫһԼеĽ𽣣˵ǾλǰãħطԴȥҵҪȻǲס
Ӽ룬ű˵˳ȥգ֮䣬ǰͻȻ˺ɷ顣ŵþһŤͷ˻
ԪӵȸֱҷɵӰסƣŭ֮£Χܺɱ¾Ѫɽɷǲҡ
˴˰˻֮һΪţнңԻϡԹ˷˵ʶʩչݷ֮ʣв㽫ʧ;
δԶȥһĲԶΣͷ˵ü򵥡Ȼ˶ݣ㲻ױֵѡָ붴ֶ󣬿νǿ쳣д˱ٶת
˵ҵȻˣⲻݡԸͷǰ·ֵһ֮һǳɲȰȵ£Щͬ御²˳٣ϡ
̶̵˲䣬жʮλùʿޡԪӵ绢Ⱥһ㣬޵СңҽһƬ
Ӿͣʧ֣ٲΪʱ
һüʶȻתŶ˵ͷӹӣ˵ԪѪɷֻĳȥλܻΪģԵڴˣˡδ䣬һֱԪӵȥ˳һɫĽâ
Ԫ뼸λͬڴɱ¾һһҵæҪӦԡ˭϶ԷһУӰʧֱԶȥּŭȵ׷ħǵλ֣ٹ˲ǰˣҴææѭһȥķ׷ȥ
һʱǿգ͵ذɱڣѪȺ磬в֫ϱƮɢΪҲһʿڵʧ꣬Բ֪
ԶʧԹ֣˵߾ߡ
Ŵӣŵҡͷֵ̾ˣҵȵǴ˶
Ȼ󣬺ٺһ֡ܵͦ죬ȻҪ׷ȥǷԾȡ
ĬȻã£λɡתȥȻءҶֶһλ֡
ݣɽ
ĵļǺԻΪҶΪصı任棬һĻơ絶֣ԲժӭɥȢȵȡ
һʱڣȾɽ塣
콫һ㵭֮СĸԵĺ֮ھۼɽϾþòȥֻңԶ֮⣬Żոգתۼܲ
ӴǺװ
߸˽ɫ̡̻Īкβ֮ףеľ׳ŽԶУĪ⣬ѰռһǡԸ޽ɣаرܣ
峤ʮǰ֮󣬵ȴױΪһ֮㽫ػɽĲʹ˵ӡеĴǸˣѮʱŹȳԶ
ѮģݣŶ룬ƤڣϳءеһȺΧ˹ǽסЩæҡ
콵󣬷ͬСɰֻԼҵǳȥѰʦʸס
Ѯ˰˼֮תҴұźɽϿȥŽȥԶǾ׹Ǵز𣬶ˣη֮£еĸ׷׷׷ߵףϲԵıӣ
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Ѯ֮ʦǰ
ȳŵӻеĹͶȥһƳɫ͸ŲĿȻ꣬תĿԶ˵ƣ׹Ұ̡̻˻ְԤʾ⾰ַ룬ִżɻֻķǬʣΨ֮׶⣬δ֪Ҳ
Զ쳹Ͽȡǻͻڣʹη塢ʹ˻֣̿
Ѯв⣬ʵʵ˵в֪Ϊ⣬¶
ȳΣ˵ϤУɵóȴ֮٣ÿÿ׷
Ѯ̧ͷȻڴ˶ɽ١
һʱ֮䣬ʦͽԶĪ
ֱչɢһչէй£Ȼ
λ˶ɽѰգ̩
Ѯأɫԣ̾׺䶥Σ
ҡҡͷ˵ǳҵֺαڴˡɫȣ˫ۡ
Ѯ£ʵʦޣĪ׷֮
ȲӦ˯һ㡣
ѰҴţһ˺󼸲ȥ֮ʣϤĻ𣺡Ϊʦ޲һ٣ɫãȻ
ɽѰգȴδط̩
һ·֮ϣūϥһϮ۽ʤѩոӽˡ
ʮޣһɽ٣ڳɾóԸӽʦٲСūΪɱ˴飬ߺġ
ūδΪãɫȻ䱸
Զ̤շŽϵΪΪ׵һˣףòãȴβסüļȻɾĸ֣ⲻƣ
ǺǣλѵԶɽٳɣϲɺѽ˻δЦ֮˾̾Ůӱһ㣬νòɣ׸ߣ
һֲ޷Ц֮УȻūڵɽΧ
Ϊ׵˳Ұڰְ֣ʹ˸ɫһǵòȻ˵ħǸʯͬ˹ɣӣԵв֪ԺηԵζԶɽ٣ͬС
һ˻δ䣬˷׷׸͡
ͬСͬС
ħ˰˻ʿ֮أܲʶһ
֮أ˼ˡ

ū˸ɫؿķǳǳЦʷʻᣬūʦˣ˼ҷأȥλ㡭ȫȻûΧľţǲҴ
˱˴ӣ֮һ󿪻Ц
ʯ˴ūĿǵ٩Ī˵˵ػƧ֮ڶһʿӰʦڣ˴ͱ˵ļƣи͸βס̰֮ɫ
ūɣ˵ʦһǰˣй¶١˼Զδ飬λг⣬Ⱥա
ŵôԣһʯЩһתΪȻЦʦΪͷǰˣⲻ˳ħ߶ҵȷһҼɨ齹񲻸ɫڽŨ
ūҧҧ촽۹ܡ˺Χ֮ܲ͸磬ⲻ£תԶңңһƳ


1172 ҹ
һɽɡ
ɽϵһ£ѮװȻżͯ׷Զȥַ룬΢΢һЦǰɬ벻ʱ磡
ȥ岢ֻ١˵Եʱ˼ӣеȴһ޲гкȣ｡׳вڷ꣬ĵ˵㡣ӱˮ㣬ȥ
ѮͷΪϧظϥͷĹȡʦˣӽػ˵صԴ
ͷб
ѮֳֹվĿԶ
ϼɺ续
ѮҪתȥȴɫһ
һӰϼзת˲֮ѵǰɽ֮ϡ
һλŻ۵ӣҷ磬˫ü絶ůòΪᡣӦλˣȴַ糾͵ģ֮䣬ƣɫл͸żֽ
Ѯǿ򶨣߼Ƿ˵ɳףһ鷲򡭡Էμ׹ֱû£ת˲ֳɽ֮ϣ漴˫һ˦󣬻ķȻūҲˣȥ˺δ
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Ѯԭأһʱ֪롣ӵ۹һʱ׹ߣ̿ߣֻʹ̱ڵءסæù֧أɡɳ
һʮӰȻ
ѮҲ֧ŲסͨһڵϣڴŴ
λɳΪԼֻʢŭ֮£ʵԡֱɽϿȣĪѰʦȥ
Ѯŷѱӳæ֮ץס

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һͱڵʯ֮ϣĵȴ㵡ĶѨǰλ߻̶̻
ɳһʮ࡭
Ȼδ䣬ڿնɳ࣬Ҹ߷ɡ
ڴ˴ɳߣһûˡط壬ȴ˷ǡͷûӰūҲˡʮ䣬ʲô
ɸߵɽ֮ϣһһ˦˵ȡԷվȣ顱һأʵͷȥ˺δǷİ峤ء
Ⱥòվˣ¿˿ָأδ˵ݺ̤ʵðȰ
ռ峤޵ĶѨ˵һһҲŶ˼⾳
һžһ°ڣϥһ̧ʾĳһƴɱ·ֻΪҵֵٴطꡣ񲻽ˣұչ޵ĵҲһͬˡ˼кαʣ뵤ȴʵ
Ȳ÷ԸһڲԶ¡ԶɳǸɳΪ鼱£ʲŵ̫ˣȻԼһأˣԶˣֻߺļ·ѣ
µӾѮΣֻһ֮ˡ
ʱ֮󣬵ȵĻͣĿлϤİɽͷçײȴϸܾģǵ֮һһȥĪģ
ȥ׶ӦūɽٵΡūͬǲӰѾͷԽ³ȣ᲻ʲô⣬ȥ˺η
ҹɫɽˬ
һԶֹסһĸꡣ
֮⣬ʱľžʧ١ɲ֮䣬ĺ쳾Ѫ顢ĥѣԼǧķ˪£ǵŻĹرնԶŲٻĪ֮ʣǽΪ֮Ȼѣ
·Զ󣬲㼣
ں֮Уͬеʧɢ
лͷţӦԱݡūΪѰв⡭
һȻҪȥԼʲô
˴ȻߣȴɡﶸͣǷ˴ĵطȴ֮Уɪɪɫ
һһ˵峤Ȼȥ˲ʤ꣡ȴЧ®ޣǺαأꡭ
ȱһ𣬾ȴʵɳЦͽ޹
һһ٣˵ѵ𡭡
ƾ裬ȴȵ԰ҡͷпһ鷲ѵ˵ƿ;֮ꡣɳ˿ޣ಻ٰ֮ˣ֪Ϊֻ
ֻһЩͿ
Ƚ˵ǷѶɵ²֮ǰ˪꣬¿ຮҽĿܹԸֻ֮󣬿
֮Ҳ
һŵȻϿȣԷ°Ȼֵڴ˾ޣΪҲ÷ľʯ֮Ȥʶ֮ȻˮŶˮ˷ɶ֪з硭
ת˲֮䣬˵ͱϵĶѨ֮ǰ
أأϲ漴ңδģȫ䷲ɡָλڵȺߣǿοط˵ҵӣͬɳҹ
֮УһĬĬ
ȫɷֻһ֮䡣ûкηء

һ˷ҹУѰ١
˴İ﷽Բ֮ڣֲܱ׻οӦɡ·һɽ壬µٺۼԡ
Ƭ֮һҹл¡
һ·壬ǧɡڣһɵķԲͺͺĴݲڴˣﾡ۵סʵҹɫ֮£˵಻ɽ֮⣬һӰ
һڷ嶥פΣҪӵȴ׵Ŀдͷū䣬ʵǿѡ֪вãȻ
ָδȥѰһԼΨһĵأ
֮գ޴Ӵ⣡Ѱʧɢˣڴ룡˷طçģǷѾۡ
һ°ϥóϽ«͹һڡʮסҡͷ
뵱ӳ֮󣬱Ԫӵ˽׷ᡣԭΪƾšؾԴ˭ܴ졣
ǸĻ˵˻֮ϣ˻֮أΪֽӰ޴ڡвؽ;ʧȥ򡣹ȻԼȥã㱻ǿеһŹâסȥ·Ҽʱ⣬Ԫӵ˽һսʱ
ǿĶ֣ǻūܿɱȡ˺ɭϣȫ޿ɳ֮
һֻƾħӡƴſȥΪǿ֮𣬾һʽֲͨսȥճԿܵĻˡ
㣬һǿ׷ͣɱѡ
ԪӷҪѪɷҪɱ֮죡
һֻܶǶ£ȻѲݣ
㣬һĹת۹ȥ
˫ƣ֮ʣһͨķ嫣赲ʹͨ
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һʽͨǱɱУȴΪΪ˼·ò¼ۿ԰Ѿһͷ֮У漴ĴƮ죬޾䲻ܲˣֱһ·ȥ˭ԪȮһ׷˹
һգһաһ£һ¡
û׷Ӱһȴʧ˷Ǻ̤Ѱٵ·̡ܿ򣬾ƣߵطصçģǰѹȥʮһ֮áͷūֲˡ


1173 һ·Ѱȥ
ҹʱ֣졣
֮ϣӰµ
ҹգӭҷһȻֻžеϽ«ѡ֪Ǿ΢Ⱦ£ͷĿ¹ƺֿܽɼȴ翶ңԶ޼ʣ
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һ̣ʹ˻ص˹ȥʱСĿտȣҲȫһİͬǣͷ˼塭
һҡеϽ«΢΢
δˣ«ˣ
һϽ«һжһ̳ơֱҪĿ⣬ȴͣ
ʮװ̳֮ϣƴľڣǧ֮öɫǧȴɡǼľƣʣ޼ˣûˣ
һɫ꣬ǹĬȻƬ̣Сĵ˾̳ӡ˵ⲻһ̳Լľơ
ɺҹ˹顣
һ𣬾ٲٷ磬ȴֲ֪鴦ƮƮɣסָããҹɫ֮У·εӰֻ
ȥգūӦñڴ˴ɽ١ת֮䣬ѾͷӰޡֻԼʦĴĴ⣬ָδѰ
һɫһֱ£ת˲ѻصԭ΢΢ȥлͫ˸ʲµһƬʯ֮ϣжߡֽ֮ץ˫ü
һ鲻۵ʯ۲쳣ȴзʶµļֺۣԼɱ棺ħǡʯ
һսʯƬͷһ
ʯƬصĺۼΪأΨлͫɲɣū
Ѿͷƹ˳ʵҼӦ⣬ڰдҴºۼŲʹ˴ǽң
һһ顱һеʯƬ
ö룬ūɽ֮ʱǡڴ˳ûԷ˵ƹ£⡣ѾͷΣֻ˳ӣȴָԼʦǰȡ
գʯƬеĸ֡ǲȻħǣҰǡʯ֮ˣ
۸ҵū
һȥʯмԭؼ߼Ȼվɱһ
ڴ˴ģħǵʿɡ֮ǰħǵ³ԹãžԶ֮˭¾ȻǵĳͷϡȻ㲻ѰȥҪǸħʵĵжǿū⣬ߡ
оˣ֪ĳĵ߲£߲˴и˶ϣҸҵš
һ̣ı󶯡һ𣬱Ҳ˲ࡣתɽ壬ֱµİȥ
Ƭ֮ص󷨳ǰ
һԴδ쳣ʮ̫ѰžڣȥƲͣһɫӰӶȭݺ˹ȥһġ顢顱󣬽ǡĶƴ󿪣ȥ
֮ͬʱλɫĮȻ߻ȻڲԶſһļƣ
֮ʯһ鲻
һڰַԸһĿܣԼȨȴӵôħǵʿƫԶ֮أżȻµĴԼ̫Ȼйء˴˼Ȼ˶֣ĳ˼ɣ
λһԣһζһգۻʮӰһͷ뵽̫֮С
һ͵£һǬӡ꣬ǰöһơ
Ѫ̶֮ɱǸˮµǬ䡣֮ƣһֱÿС˾ϣúһ
һǬ䣬һöϵ֮Уӡħ޸صĴ󣬻Ÿص̫ߣнƷƷɽ硣
ɴ˿Ϊ˶ħǶ۰˻ģһ๦ĳؽΪȻٲʯһ·Ѱȥ飡
һһ飬רż¼ƫԶص֮һö
ö֮УӡˮĹһħ޵Ĺ֪࣬ȴһĸȤж֮ʣħ޷ûħ࣬ɳԽΪ˷֮Ϊħ콵
ؾɽ֮УԪӵʩչһءǻûľ޴ħʵԵʱԼѪ̶еѪɷ֮ͬʹ˲ͬġӡһɼ⡶ħ콵֮ħӡżְ֮ϾʱӴĦջ
һ˵ͷǰĺơ
ǵǸˮǰ˵ħħǳͨ衣ƴСǶҿƣҫħ
һдƬ̣δкĵطвǶмİƷӦʶ֮áھΣΨеʱһ
˲䣬ɫƲˣȡ֮һȭͷСӨӨѪ顣ɲǣһɷаķֱ͸ʹ˻ʬɽѪ֮Уֻɱûء
һ˫һͷ˼¡
ѪɷǸ˵ͻƶ쾳ǽ֮ѰɣһΪ
һ˶ǿų嶯ǽ˳Ϊĸ֣Ԫ֮һ֮У
ƣ򲻴Ϊеǰ취
ߵóԶ㲻ڶѪɷȻھͻƣչؼ֮ã
һѪɷϼӳ˼ƣŽ
֪Уһʱȥ
֮ͻȻһĶʮӰȰȥּףܶʱһâʵʵڶʱһɴСĿյأ֮ǧɫʯ
һǰ֮ΪȻҡҡͷСһֻȡġǧ龧ʯҲ̫ˣ
ɲһ˹ӣлͷūأ
Ϊ˶ԸԼǸƽð˵Ҫ֮ͬٲɫʯһݿɹ۵ļҵ˰ģԼڱӪд£Աδеĵᡭ
ˣǧʯڶʱ쾳硣ʹѰħǣ;дΪ
һһУʮӰ˲ûˡʯֱʮ֮ȥ
ٴصķ֮ǰһ͵ͣϻس˸Ĵ⡣һʧ㲻Ҫٳʮޡרõķħһ⡣˻ңԶ˽ݾ·ʱɵ鲻𡣵ԸūȻ
һһµĺɫ䡣޲ףǰһ̤ȥ
ת֮䣬ѵ֮СȻâ˸Ͳǿ
һ˿ܡ꣬ƣһʯǰ鿴
ʶڡбע˼ȥͬΪƫԶİ֮أȴް˻֮һҰҲѰȥ
һ˼ִ̧һǷ֮䣬ܹâʢӰȻģˣ̶ʧ
ХӰá
˰յĹٿȻһ
һڴŽµ󷨣Զ֮⴫
˾ʦֵȻˣԵǲ
ɻλλ
˲ȻףħĪλǰ
һأԵͷ˫֣󷨡ӭ˹üһһЦ


1174 λ׳ʿ
ǵһɽӫѪ
һһ鷽ʯ֮ϣеҽšɫֹ⣬ʿɢɱǸĺĻģ
ԶĿյϣ˺Ѫģʬ֮⣬һľʯǺںѪǧɫʯӳɷǹĪֹ쳣
ʬ뾧ʯһԣɾڵӴţɪɪɫ԰ףӦŵòᣡ
Զļǰֱλߣ޲ִݻļƣ
ڣƾʹֻ󹶻
һɫ׾ǰһſǻǻһĨѪǾһľ䡣λͬ鲻ҵ빪ġ
ԳڵӼûӦ֮£ȥʦֵˣǰȡʯԭв˭ϽѶ
ħˣ˵֮ʾͱѣٳĸܸ󡣽ο֪λΪߵʦֲҪʬ˽һʵʵ˲ɾʯȴƣֱ³
ˣ
һ˾ʧɫϵʬ˲ɻңĻ𣺡Ҫѣ仰
ػѣǧپкηܻͳɣͷӦͣ
һŽż⣬׽˵Ƿµӣʯ˭ںδĵж١
ڲλͬӦ̧٣ҵȲħǵʿˣˡἰĸʯйһ֮Եҵݷ·ںδʵ޴֪֪ħʿǧ˴֮δ졣٣鲼˻ĸأҵÿʮǰһأάöȡһ껰СĵطеƾԸ¸ԸЧ͡
һվȥϵǧʯλһͬʧǼ˵Ƴһۣ˵ֻһӦұΪȽȥΪ֮δ䣬ת̤󷨣Źâת˲֮ûӰ
ռŵɽ֮ڣ
һ̧Ĩ˰Ѳڵ亹µ˵λʦֵɣʯǺá
һ˵д⣬ҵҪ
ڳһ˰Σ˵ΣҵȻǱҪħǸڶ࣬˿šڴ˵״°ͣ׾Ƥ͸ż־ΪȻ˵ɱߣҶ¡Ҳˡ
λͬᣬ͵꼰㣡ҵ֣֮⡭

ɵ֮£ɽҰ֮УͻȻðߴ׳ĺӡһ룬˫һλòᣬ䲻ߣ缲УȫȻһļƣ˴˵ȴš
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£
Ϊ󣬽˲
֮壬СС磿ףҲŲˬ졭
Īǲ֮壿
ƨһͷ㼷һξѪŭʮղˡ
ʮնѣǰΡ
֮ãʯͷ׮ӡ
ôһʯͷ׮ӡ
Сֹ
˵ˣιͣ¡
ǳ׼λǿ˱ǻͷҴ֮󣬱׷ϡֵ˲࣬һƴ񱼣ǿ֮ϹϹײĺü꣬ҰΣ˲Ҵ⣬Ӵܣ
㣬ٽ˻֮ء
Խʮ˵Ĳǣһͷ·ƣŷһĪڡвԶǰһɽڡʯ죬ܲΪ죡
ͷͷԲһתפԭضǰʣмʶصǰأȴβ˺֣ҲѰȥ·
ĿԶȻŶѵӡ
֮⣬ǹɽһƬƲҵ֮Сȥ׻Ԥϣ
ֵܣĪҪԼˡͷһɣҡŰӣ̧ظݵ˵첻µز£һء
λڳϴļƣκǲϷ༤֮£ʤľͷԷǰȥ
Ϊˣɶ档Ըóѣһ֡
ת֮䣬ɽڡ
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ͷͷɣȴ벻ںģһ߶һ˵ֵܣҹ䣬ѹȥʮ֮ã;ȴӰ㲻ɰѰ·Աиȥױܼޱܣִ꣬һʶǳ˿ȡ
ţ֮ûͷӰǺ˵һ䡣
ɽʮɿ̣֮У͸䣬ʹ㷲ʱĹȥ·Ȼʣһ޴ɽȳǰ
Ǻǣᡭ
˴ɽڣͷһᡣһָܲ˵ر˹ȥͷС
֮һƬɽ֮ϣͰľɫ֮Уݡ˼ңҺѯһ˴ǺģΪβˣֵʲôطȵȡ
ֵȥĿ죬Ϣ֮䣬˫˫ɽ²ݵʮ֮⡣
ء
ߺһ򶴿š
ء
ͷפԭأɫɡ
޿֣һͷݡͽıڣûӰҡҡͷ˳ʾûˡ
ͷأվɽϣЦʶ֮һֺ࣬αضһ١
Բݣͷرƣۼδ桭
ͷ֪żЦŪϴ˵һ仰ϲ߶߶ǧǰ̣ܲˡ
һҪԣͻȻ˵룬ܲˡ
ǻƮҲϣȴ̫ͻȻ
Ͼ룬һ˳ȥʧûˣ˭Ȼ֣ȴǱһδ֪ľηڡ˵ˣסȫ޶֮£ͻȻðһˣʵǷ˼
ͷĿȻֳ̧ɷ
һλϵİ׷Ůӡֲȹװӣƶٲһ¿ũϸлһľȣû棬Щ˵𣿡ǰֹ˼£߳λȻǿ׳κ飡˺ĪҪ۸ɣ
ֵԭأ
ϸ˵²޷Ϊûľٶȴ˹졭
ͷƬ̣һ˫ۣǰֺЦ˵˼ҡ仰δ˵꣬Էȴһ̾Ȼ£Ϊడλ׳ʿҡ
ͷЦݽϣţһʱ֪롣ͷλֵͬǴ㵲ѡ


1175 һȪ
ԣδ顣Ѱλ׳ʿȡ
λϸӦΪǱ˵ģһ߳һ߶ͣ
ÿˣڰֱ֣˵˵ȥ˺ηʵְֵܲ߳һء
ϸۣǷ׳ʿ׳ʿˣл仺һ£ľȣֱӣ̧׳ǺɵԳȥ˺ηѲϵʧȥ˼䣬ֱƬ̹󣬲ֽ˵ɽвǣɽлˣԡϣҪôλ׳ʿһһѰҡ
ŵôԣֵ׷˴רΪҪôתһȦúʱܰݡüͷһţ׿һԡ
ͷأһ죬ֱֻתƣ֪Щʲôģغߺһתϸ˵Ȼֵܲһˡֻ˴ǺڣǰǺδɷ
ϸ˻ƹȣǰȥȪ
ͷЦıǣֵܼѰɷ˵뻢ͷʹɫתɽ¡
ԣ˼ֻõͷ׷ȥв֪ϸ䣬ָѰ
ͷᣬһС
ϺͿȥȻӿ죬͵ǰͷЩŭ߳ʵΪβһ
֮䣬ֵѱǧķΪȻɽ֮С
ͷͣ£ûЦݣǴɱ޺һڣͷ˵Ѱƨûϸ˵ĹŹ֮𣿡
ʶ֮Уңɽ²ȻڣĪϸȴѲӰɽȣŰһ֮ûþ
ͷһӲͷƤ˵ΣǸڴˡʲȻӦŵУ
ͷߵ뵱棬֮˵ԲޣһʣԽѵĿǷ˵ϸӰж޷磬ǹ֮Եڵĺ˵˵ȻȴˣΪɱҲ̧־֮䣬мִֵʱɣ
ɻ󲻽⣬ʵϸ˼Ϊ꣬Եο棬˱˵ˮ
ͷɫһߺ£һʱԶԡ˵ҲǣǸ˿ûΪأ
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ͷ͵ɸߣ·쳣ҪʣֻǰҲӰûˣҳ˹ꡭ
ˣˣ̯λɶֵܣˣ
ͷˣεЦ˵ֵܣĪҪһһէɳɣ£йӰء仰δ䣬ͷٴʵǸѱαȴӰ֮˵̫ǣǿ㷽ΪΡ
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ͷæ֣ĵ˴һ˵Ÿ·Ÿ·
پǺһ֣ӦֵܽΪˣϴй֡
ֵͺѭɽǰۡ
Ǹ˵ƹһ·ɴﶫȪ˴ǸĴڣ޴ӵ֪ǰɫأ׹Ԩ֮УʹëȻ
ɽȣʱǰȥԶ龰б䡭
ֵĵӴˣᣬ첻µز¡ٴγϣ˲ɵͣ
ʮݴԣһڿšƹоƿͣˡ
ԶްķɡǴ䡢ԲƻڵȴȻһӰҴĬĬмƮΪߣһλֳľȵϸˣڲ䷳˵δ
ͷֻú󼹱쬣ĻëʱȻǼˡ
ϸվڵߣÿһλ·߶ššȴɽ²ǰһУԻͷĵᡣ
кξ壬һȭȥ
йһؾΪ˼ʶΪȻͦš󲽣Ҫֱײͷæһס˼˵ƹ꣬ȴˣǳĪǻˣȴǰͷ˹ȥ
Ǿ֮⣬̶̵һ·ϣʱӰǽŲմȥлͷСĽԼĹΣǻס˵Ǵżɻ
Ȼֵϸ˵ԣԷƳ֮ʱߵడ׳ʿҡ˵֮ʣľӭ
ͷϴźЦȴǰһδһΣһԾԽϸӭͷײһ
һλߣײ
ҪˣһӰѴ͸֮һʹȻһ̧ĿڣæŤͷȥ
ϸ˽ȥԶգʧ֮С
ֻź⳹ǣûɵش˸¡ηȴܲס˹Źֵ
ʱ˴˵ƹģ̳ơ˴Ǻڡ
ѭתһһ˹ȥ³࣬첻µĵȴƶ˼֡
ͷѵ˾ǰӶŴ֣Զ
νľǼªһСѾ̳ӣбб۹ľ֮⣬ĬȻӰһλվźƹ
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ƹλߣƾɣɫ΢ͷӦһһ̳Ʒϡ
ͷץ̳ӣɻʣȪ
ƹ˺һ鹧ȴΪĮ˵һ̤ȪӴ˲·
ͷûԷ˵Щʲôһڣ˵ⲻ˺ȵĶһӣǽ̳Ӹ˳ȥ
ǡõ˽ǰ˳ƽӹ̳ӡв޾ˮֻкڣ֮ȴо㣬ʹѬѬĪԡ
ԴһԵľƿ˷׷׿
ƹҡҡͷؽ˵նˮΪˡ
ͷڳ˵ļƣߵӹǶˮǻȪ·һƳȵСδ䣬һѵԣǻȭ˶Էеľ̳ӣԹתֵŻۣĪ˾ơ
žһ죬̳ʮķѣһźƮƮ
ûаԶջ۹⣬Щ˵ιʴ˼Ҷ⳥
ûƣԵˡͷе֮ǰ˼־ü֮仹һ㵭ʹ˶ǻج¶ģԷ̲֪̳ûƣá
ͷϾ˵һתߡǾƹδ⣬Ҳֵʧںڳҹɫ֮С


1176 Ī
ͷȥη
˵عŹ֣ȥΪ
ιһֱǰУ
ס
֮У۵Ӱ͵ͣ
ɣʣǽ˲֪ȥ
ͷһع
뿪֮һ·񱼡ϵǺأȻþòԽ鼱֮£˱ֱʱɽȶȥ˭뼸ʱǷ
˯ģüּ˼֡ΣȻܹ;зΣɼӹǲ޴󰭣
ȥɲɣ
С
ϴ˵ˣ
Ӿอɼв֮ǷЪϢһ
޲ףֻ˯һ
ˣвͨҷصϡ
ͷѲ״죬ȴԳȻ·ŵƶС
˴ӿնת˲˫˫ء
ǿ׳δվȣ³һ֣䡭
˲áͷȤȴһ
»˲˪ڴˣܵй󺮳Ϯʹһݣ
ͷ˫һӣƽĺȥּһסЩֻȡЦ˵С㻹̫۰һڣβмת
գ۵Ĺ˪۶⾡ȥԲϳԿٻС㡭δ˵꣬˸Ƿ벻ֵֻйήҲ񣬶ĵһա
һǹģ
ͷٵ٩䣬תɫһĿ
֮һƬݵɽ¡󺮳ϮвںХŰ˷ȴӰ۶ִҴұǰ
ɴǰȥɽ죬ҲΡ롣ȴѿһ޴ϿȣΪߣƺˮϿ֮дĪ糱Ϯ
״ͷ겻ѡ
ƹȵϸˣҹƹ񣬻һֵĻô˵ţǡһ̤ȪӴ˲·նˮΪˡȵȣţ޲͸ɭ죬ǵһط
˴Ȼͷ飬ȴֻǰеĳ嶯Ͽ֮УĪǾǶˮһڽˮΪˣϹͷҪҪһأ
ͷЩ಻סԾԾԣһӣʾֵܣȥһơ
Թ˲Ͼֻ˵ƣ붼룬ϡͿӦš
ֵӰ룬ʱжһ¡ɽ£һӭ˻Ȼ壬ԶӰǰϿȡ
ת֮䣬ȥʮ
ǰŭ߳ԩҰҹ
˲䣬ðһλϵĸˣӭֵ㵵ˣɣ͵ػתͬʱһӰ˶ȴλͬߵס֮ɲǣײâ˸˫ƴ
ͻ״ַѣͷжʱһ䡣ͷ͵һסǻĿԲɫ졣
յģʲççײײҪȥδϿȷƵء
ѰˣȪǼʱ򣬲׹Ԩ˴˾·𣬾˾ȼ
һλͷϸˣɾڵΪǸСģ׺ݣѵͷһ㲻ȻԶλߣΪɾڵĸ֣ȴη
飡
ϸ˵֮ʣ֡һӰŽ嵽ǰѱĽתԶȥȴգۼ临˻ڣ
˴˰˻֮ȪۼȪͨԨֻ֮ء̤УɡΪðˡĪԡĽɣǶȱ겻ᡣ
ϸ˵Ļδ䣬ѱʮӰסλֻԹѵڡЩӰ֮ǰͬз׺ǳνѶԸһʱ֮䣬
ͷɵɵվţһɺȴӺ󼹱͵ش
Ȫ˻֮ȪۼȪ̤߱ɣ
ĪԣֻſڣѱջǺôһ·Ѱأٲͷ³֪
ͷȻѣ֮࣬ס޺һڡΪһλϸˣ˭ϴǱ˷ǣ˼Ҽʱָ㣬ǲɴ
ԵɵЦͷƸ˴ܣȤ
Ƭ̣Χ֧׾֮£ǰԶѴ粽Сϸ˼׳Ȼ϶ŭ߳˲ɣû֣
ת۵Ĺ򣬽ٹӰΧ۳ţټʱһΪŷԶԶȥڣХ龰ɷɭɲ
ͷ˫һΣȭͷ°ֱ͡졣
¹Ի޶˱ѵ⣬˭ҲҪðֻ
һ׹һȵӣƲֵܣߡһ§ԵݺݵʾȺ۸ˣȻĲá˺󣬿Ҵ
ȺӰסϸһ֮󣬾ǷֳһŨصĺֵ
ͷǹ˼İΣŷԸһٲɣ̧˦һڵ͵سǰ𣺡ɱ
ɷ˲仯һɫӰڰг˿˿׻棬Կ֮ƺȥ˲ѴŰĺ֮顢顱һһĶɷǾˣ
Ӱɲǣͷȭ
һɫķâƺڰ˺Ϣ֮䣬ĹӰȥ˫սѡ
ϸǻ˿λ߳û˺Χʾսѭ·
ͷãò˷й֮һʱϰ֡
ɷڰкХҡһ˫ȭķݡŽĹӰͷȴʮ֮˾۳Σɱߡ
ͷɱ𣬶ѷŭޣЩ֮Ե飬ܹӰ´£ȻΧڼ
ϸ˼ͷҪصޣæѵȪ˻Ǿɢ֮أɱ
ͷҳȭܵĹӰǰͺ̶ɻԭ;Եξȥ
ϸ˿Χȴȥλ߼ɱӦ֮ԪΪ֮ɽһתĸʵλԺηΪζԻȪһ֪
ͷϵϸˣܶسֵġ
ϸ۹һƳԻȻ׳Ƥɲĵװ硣ҪкԷʱһʮɵĻŭϮ䲻ܣ΢΢һ
ֻ⵽Ӱ֮޺ۡ
ϸͫһĻ𣬶ɱȪǡ̫Ǿɻֻ֮ɷ׻𡭡
ǡڴʱĻ𣺡ͷ˴ֵܡ
֮ɲǣһնת˲ҡֱϡŲ֮ʣȻף桭


1177 д
Ӱտ裬ķ
֮ŭ쭣硢ʱ׺Ӱһһ
ϣ
һ˲˺Ѱգֱ͸ȥͷϸλ߽󣬳ư
ȪϿȣһ굴ǵĳȻ

ǿ֮УѲӰ
ֳ֮࣬˹Ӱٵ͸Ȫɹ⣬ǰ󲻹̶̵˲䡣Żͷ˰֮漴ԭӣ˳ֳƤϡһľֹˮ˳磬ɣ
ΣգֱԭģãȻع֮ʣ˼ŵһξò⣡
ͷִЦ벻пƹ֮ܣǰ鷳ʵܡ˽ǰֺף
ɫüѵȻ޴档ͷһ£Ӧţûˣ֡
ϸڲԶסΣͷµسһ֮£·һֻعĪ⡣λӰΡ
λӦǱײ֮壬־壬ȴ겻ʧ֮һȪԼаȥ
˫˫çײֻȻ֪ϸ˷˵һ䣬ǰУֵ䣬ԱлˡףǶԷ֣֪౨Ӧ֮壡
ֵǴң
ͷȴÆ£һͷҲص˵֮ͣҳݣӣֱֵԶȥ
˵һ룬ûӰϸ΢΢Ȼ
ȻȴΪһֺι˵ĴæϤ
ϸ˼֮ʣ̧һСλһһʧȥӰ־ĿԶΪε̾һడӣںη

һľɽ֮УƽðӰ
λӣ˵ģΪһλɾ֣ף֮䣬żΪȣһ̬ɡ
˻֮Уȴһλò׵ŮӡҷأĳСȴ˪Ψһ˫΢΢
ūѣڣħءɴǰѮյ·̣ɵִħǡǺǣ
Ϊ׵ӻһЦ۹һĨɫͬ׷׸͵ʯʦԼǣӵħǣؿɴ۽磡Ǻǡٺ١
ħǵһʿԭǰزɾʯȴ˶ɽ٣ڸʯ֮£䵥ūЮˡ;мתһ󡭡
ūǷļ˵ȻһƳһδ̩Ȼ˵ͼλѴ·лˣʱɣ˽СľΣǲö֪
ʱϵʿӲԶĹȿڷ
ʯӭȥһ˫ַϡԷһӦ죬δ˵ǳūԴżɻʵŮ˭ƣ
ħйأ˲ء
ʯϣһԵļλͬ鰵ʾ£תЦʦ֪еСͨһ֮䣬̧ףװɫʯǬ˹ȥ
λӦǿɽȵʿ˴۹һᡣԲۼǬ䣬˫˫¶Цȥ·
ʯǺһЦͷһƳת̤ն
ūӿܣĬĬ棬һʱΡ

չһ˸·֪ΪΣʯȴǴͷ·
һɽڣΪľƣһЪϢĺڣ
£ʯַ׶ɫ´һɵطԸҵµ񣬲һ̰СЪϢʱٸ·٣
ūԣԾͽϥİĵطɫԶ
в⡣
һλӴʯĽǰ͵ʦԼǣȥշתڸ֮䣬ʼձͣʵæµýֻһתֵҰ֮أһӣڶ࣬ҵȱý緵ħǣⲻݣ񡭡Цѵ˴ȷأԶħǣɾ
ʯΪȻغǺЦǺǣľʦܣֻ֪һ֪۹һֵָһ··ٲʣһζء°һ̧ŲԶǾӰʾ¡
ľɫȻתصͷ룬л˵
ʯִϵλеģڰʱ
ľֻӦӣЪϢ
ʯȴûţַףζɫⲽսĶӰūǿѼΪ˳ӣѵҰؽ磬ӲԼġһ˫ӣ۶ʡҽа٣Ѱ·ܰͽǾһ죿㲻ɣηԼá
Ǻǣո·ʵ࣬ūѿɻܵס
ʯºͣػūǰȻɫֵħ֮󣬷иĳǰ˼ǰس£˵㲻ȥаټգڶúǻҡ
˷֮⣬ħǣǸĳ˵ĵ̣νĺǻңʵһּ֮ƾڲǣ
ūأԾ˫Ŀ΢ءˮһҪأ̴΢ţȻһھѪ㣬ɷǾģ
ʯ㵣סһ
ūһ£żǸ˵¡¶ɽٹգδ޽ھ粻ȶѪ궯
ʯŲԶҡҡͷʾǼλͬ鲻ùʣָӣеʵѿд󰭡˳һƿӦװ˵ĵҩ
ʮ⣬һе˴һ𡣼ʯװģȼֲ֣ǺǺһЦԱȥʾرܡ
ūӦްֽ£ǱǵһĨѪۣǾ˫ǡ
ʯͷһסǰŲŵƿ֣ĴⰲοиĳڴˣҲǺǡЦδͣԭֻӵ˫оǷһƬɫ֮˲䣬ޱ޼ʵŨĻм˺Ц£
һ󣬸ʯֳֵƿ;͵ģ֮ĬĬէȻһ˫˫׹֮УԹޣ
ǰʱ˻ɡ
ʮļ˾ڰ಻סһվеľ⣬ɫ΢䣬æȵʯʦ֣
һϺȼӳ˼ַȻô
ʯѰش˺սǱֱ˲䣬Ȼ򣬶ʱ࣬޺޴˿ڴŭʩչ󵨡вԭءǰӰȥȻ޼ѰֻһĨơ
ǡڴʱ˴ӿնЦ˵˭󵨣


1178 ò
ʾ֮һװֶΡеݷֻ̣ΪıѾõ
һɾĸ֣ȻһŮӵĻˣƾԷԼƤӵ߶ȻҪвأɾǶ³ΪߣλԹ۵֣Կ
ʯŭû룬ܻηСҲҺŭɶ̧ٳɽҪʩɫȴһƬڹޱߵĺʱûһ٣ϢͣԼٺѱᣬܹ֮ɲǣһֻ˶ȭƷűüѵıը
飡
Ѫ֣ʯ˲ķѡʲŻö˶˵һλûˣıм衣һϣ쭺֡顢顱죬ҺɽԾδܣ˲ѱǿķɡ顣ΨһҴ߲ŽڳȥԶ԰ѳŲסһͷˤ˸࣬͵Ի˲࣬æſڵϴеǰ޹
ЦǺǣĶ
Ǵӽľߵֻ֮Ц˳ûѡͷ亹סĿɿڴ
һˣˣŮԭǸΪλɡɣɾĸ֣ȴգ۵ĹȫûĻᶼûСֻʣԼǻδ֪
Ǻճɱ޹ߣ˭
ɽ֮ϣϥһӡһֲӣҷ磬ںڣĸǬڵţħǵʿ㸻㣬ڶ֮أǺǡ
״ľпࡣ
ǵùòᣬȴһλڵǰװֹӦ֮ˣԭҪȥħѰٻԵ˭뵽;бʯһ仰˹
ˣľѪ֮ͽħǸѾãϷŹԼ
˵ˣܲһ˼縺ΣÿԶжҪɾǧʯɻתδ֦
ľ㷲ɽ˹ŵüæһǬ˹ȥ㾡Уǰ
ǺһѽǬİõȴֺʵֻɱ֮ˣιģվ
ľ㵲ѣ
غʯԩɲ㣬ǡ
꼰֮£λͬŸ޹˭˵ȥأ
ȸԼС
ľӵǿ˶Էģ
ʮ֮⣬׳ʯһšڲ˵˫ĿƳ࣬»һȦƵĶ롣Ǵָ첲ȣԼɢı뺷ƣʵη
ħʿɾʯðǰššģ
ľǳط˵һ䣬һɥЪϢƬ̶ѣ˭ȴԼСʱ򣬸кû˭ȥðһλǰȻ̯ˣֻϻ
ޣħռݵ֮˵쵽˻ĸɾʯ޳֮ҲҺñ֪ߺߡ
⻰øʹ죬ȴҵѰ֮޹ذ
ľɫΣȴֲҷֱ棬ֻŵŵӦǡҲ֮ʣһһȥ˲ˡ
˾ǸˣǶԲΪôĶ
Ƭ֮ľعĨһϵ๸´һ̱ڵϡ
ƣջˮϲҲ
ʯûˣԼָΣ

֮һƬУҴһӰʤѩڷ٣վ֮ʣɫȻ
ǸľڴˣŮӶȻİūһλŽɽٵĽӣڳ˳ܵģȴλɵŪڹ֮䣬Ѵ֮ˡɺϣ˭˵һв֮أ
ū֪ʯ˵³òѻڵʱֻԶǼػĵʿ
ɽܣδ쳣
ūͷԻסһǾһѪ΢΢ҡΣԸв֧Ĺľ꣬ɫ͸һ˿įΡ
桢붴ҲΪ崫ˣ޵Уֻ˶˾磬֮ͨɽٲŰգʩչͫһλɾڵĸ֣в֮£ѪǿʩΪȴΪǣơû׷ǿӹһ٣
Ӹʯ˿е֪˴˻Ұؽ硣ū°ǣʦֻܷ᲻һ·ѰңԶļ̻תȴһʱѱ;
ū뵽˴Ȧһ죬ίֱᡣ
ūţһֱĵ±չء˭٣ȴˡʦѰӣļǡԼͬǣȴΪ
ÿһ˶ʱǸ˪ҳӲˡȡ֮ģֻһСŮң
ūĬȻƬ̣¡
ʦͽطաˣѰѰʦ
ūҰοһһ龧ʯǣ֦Ҷ涣뵣ľϥڴִ֮ϣСɵӰԽ

һ¶Ѩ֮УһⲽͣĲԶһʬ֮⣬̱ڵصʿ
ĵߴ˴֮䣬дΪ;е飬ݾһ·Ѱ˵Ϊ˲ջȴ˳ɫʯ
ȳūҪ£
һһ٣еһöϸϸ鿴
ϤپشͣɵִҰ²˳٣սסǸɶĸʯƾǼһνħǣؽ鷳
һһ˦ֱʱĴȥͷҲصȵҸĳסˣٻһ
ɾڵʿΪӣ˭һʱɴһͷæ

֮Уū˫Ŀ΢ض̬Ȼ˫£ŻٴŵĽ͸żֱޡһ̣ͣҲΪ֮
˾չūת֪ΪΣ˫ۣݸһЦ
ʲŵĻɲǣƼʦѰǻþϬ
ūЦ̴棬ȴɫһ
յԭȴڴʱ΢΢ҡΣŴԶֿһ϶֮һӰ̤
ū̧ۿȥ䱸
һλΪĪӣƮƮѲ˫üޣտȻģΪӢ˵òŮ಻ضã
ڴʱΣڼ̤֮նԼӶ꣬޵λӺòҼǺǡ˵ЦΪɫ֮ʣмĴԵüΪ崺硣˫֣ʣȥħǣɷͬУ
ūֻԼʶǳһʱĿơǶСŮ


1179 һ
ϵô˴
ߺߡ
Ҳϵáأϴ˵ˣ·ϡ
Īԣ
һعûˣ

һ߷֮ϣӰеһλЦǰϣǻͷһλĿԣȻǱ˶̴ֵ뿪˻Ȫ֮󣬼ǿһ·񱼡;裬붼㴳˽ЪϢգ˾񣬻˱˴˶Ȥƣ
ϴūȥ˺η֪˴Ǻڣͬǲ֪֮ۼʶһءҴײʮ꣬ȻǱ治嶫
ͷЦȻԴȥãɽϰϰϮʹ̩Ա˫ۣĬĬ֮׵Ƭ̰У
װӳģ׷ᡣֵÿ죬ͨټϲϷľͷһ·֮ϵҲоգֻıʵˣ㣬ǳ֮ơ
ͷһҲִ򡣲ʿ֮ĶթȺײҰйᡣʶçײı󣬲ϸ
ûô˼أϥ̧
ǰһƬ޴ɽȣ֮Դ㡣ĿԶ棬ʹĿ
ͦͦţһĪ֮Уͷܣֻ˴һ
ȪʱİХķĿ˫
΢΢ʧֲΪȻͷϴ󣬻ѯһ
ǡڴʱԶ״
ǧɽȾͷͻȻӵðһȺӰˡޣаʮ֮࣬ת˲Ѵ֮УǷš
һʮˣΪǼλ겻ȡӣ̹¶׺ģǾۼʮޣΣȴǵ֮
һδ£ƾС
˫۱˴ˣΪ໥ת˲Ѱڿ˶ֵļơ
˴ܡ
ͷڼ£ŵö͵ʱֵϾֵ֣ܺ
˭أƴȭͷܵġšҲ¡
Դһ§ļͷһָǰ޸пط˵뵱ʱ򣬸Էöˡģհ
͵һʮλʿΪпɣֵ߲һᡭһرܿͷֵÿĳ֡
ͷΪȻعһЦļͷ˵ǿɡɵĸ֣ʤһЩޣҲȫߡ
ߣ˵֮⣬أͷһۣмķơ
ͷЦɣȴЩس´Ȫ֮йλֵƺЩĲͬɣȴ벻סļƽϣæʾֵܣҿ֡
ʱǧ˫Ѷ֡ȻԶĶһࡣй飬һʱԾ绢ͷ˵ĸ֣ҿ֡
ǽս˫ԭƾУɱΪҡʱ󣬰ˡȥ룬ȴҲֳʤһҪնɱһֿ
ɽ֮УȻͣ
ֹȥһĹ򣬰һתӣʤ߳ƽɱ
ֻһ׺׷һǱˣ˵һȭ˶Էͷ­ǲʬ׹䣬ſȻһǾѪ븹ʱƴ񡭡
֮ͬʱһλ߳뼸ͷ֮Сնɱ֣ȴգԽԷԪֱͳ¡
˾Ȼѡ
ʱ˵Ԫ񡢾ѪΪҲѰ
ת˼
ͷԹӣһתε˵ĸֵ֣Ƶ°ΨڶʱΪԱݡֻϴ󲻼ˣʯɹָǺء
Գɣսһ˫ȭ
ͷһ֣ɫοֱ̧̬Ҫ§ȥ
飬Աһȴ΢΢ֿǡ
ֵ˵֮ʣսܵһȻȫȺ׷ӰȴδȥǱڵɽ˹ת˲ѵʮ֮⡣
ʤһλһλˣʮ̬״ޡʮӰ޲ɱɫơ
һֵཻѾãĬ˴۹һתǰ
Ƭ̣ǶʮӰѱƽǧԶ漴ɢڳ˶ֵļơһλŽɺڵȵôʥأŶʱ־ܡ
ͷչ˽˵꣬ڵһЦһȺ¹ޡţޡޡޡްˣԳ飬֪νһоĿ⿴ֲ޵ҫ㴫УʶüͷСȻڻ£ĪҪ۶ʰ
һŴӵվ⣬Ҳ츳ͨΪ֪ͷء
һŭһ¶
ͷںؽ˵ֵܲ·˶ѣλģع˹֣żֵֺ̬ʣ˴η
߿ͷľٶʾֺáٴɫ߳ʥأΨһĴڣѵбҲɣݵÆ¡
ͷȴǻصͷɻģǴǰĻȪǺδЩڣǸϸֽһͺˣܺùµһ֪ʱԸй¶ԼҵΨ֮󼪣
߲֪ʵ飬΢΢һתŭǧġħġġҰϡȪ鶯磬ư˻ģ˲֪˲װͿơ
ţΪľһط˭Ͼа˴֮ࡣϴʧɢãã֮Уʱܾװ
ͷȻסһԵ꣬תǰһһ䣬ΣֵܶҪĴչȭţձȿ仹Ƥçװ磬ɾڵȴȻ漴˫һӣɷֶݡ
ûȴһЦ˫ȭһɫܡ
Щʼϲ㵡ǰƴɱ֮ʣ⵽ԶΡ
ǧ֮ɽ֮ϣֵ׳һΪһȴǳ˹ģӦΪͬˣΪǣ˭롭
Ǳˣս󣬼ȻȫʤȴҲ˲أҪȥԸһλɾĸֿ֣ԣ
߼Ҳɴ࣬ңһ׮ˣʹ˷ءû˵꣬ͷתߡµĶʮλԻ⣬ɶݶȥ
ֵĦȭƣȴû˶֡
ͷˣڿնŭЦϺǣ˵˵߾ߣֵںεأк֮ʣһӰѴԱߺХ֮һϺȣ
ֻҪɱλֵܱǻ˸ˣ
ͷֱ׷ȥ
ת֮䣬ǴҴҳ˵ĶʮӰ׹ɽȣ漴һһ²Ӱ
ͷƲˣ˳غͥɨѨһ


1180 ǡʱ
һټĶѨ֮С
ɱ̴棬Ѫδȥ
ȼɢʬԻ˻ҽһӰȥĴЦöѨֱ졣
ǻͷæѹΡԭҪһ֣ȴ˲ʶôڴŶֵĽڣϴǺʮƶʱֵɽ׷£һ·Ѱ˴ȭ򣬻һο֪žһԪˣɱɵļһ˸ɾ
ͥɨѨ˵˾ǳŵĹһջز٣
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һվţһһԪѪӯǧ֮ڡ
ͷץһǬԲ鿴ư죺ͷᡭ֮£һߵʯ뻢ķۡ
ּǬ䣬ȻǲϺ⣬ͷ´Թͽѹδ֡۹һƳֵʥƣһԪһһ˵ľѪһֵΪ㻹ĪҪ˵Ԫɡ
ûĬȻƬ̣һſȻһԪѣһѪٿȻ븹ǿķʱ֫ٺʹΪ֮һ
ͷ˵ͷŲ鿴ǰǬ䣬ҫʵλɵľѪ󲹣ҵΪдմȥ̤붴ָտɴ
΢΢ۣһͷ˵ľѪ֮󣬱㽫նɱõԪ͸Լû̹Ķ˭й˼ɡһعεҲ
꣬£תʵʲԣев֪λʥ֮ڡ
λʥˣ㻢ң¸¡ͷǺǹЦһץö˹ȥ˵㷨֪ȣβһȨǲվã˴֪֪סѿĶ̴ֲʡֻƾ츳ͨԸá˭Էȴ顣
ץ幦򣬿׻˹ȥȻСĿգϴطšȻ¶ȴ֪Լһһڡ˵ͷֵܣλϴǼѪм̣һУ
ͷǿֽǰʮǬֳһ룬˵ҿɶƶ֮ˣ־ֵɴһ·ɱȥɨģýϴʶһֵܵ硭
۹һص˵ͷ
һʱѰһ䣬ֵֻдһءķƴΪǡʱҲ

ңԶ֮⣬һʺبߡ
Ĳʺ֮£⻪ʤɣȴʵĿ
ǡ
ǺǣλðڣҪȥħǣ
һ߷֮ϣٷһλһλͬǷէȻһķ羰ӳԡֻӵұŮӸԱ˫Σ͸żĪĹ죡
ū¾ɵ֮ūҲ
ҵвָ֪γƺѡ
Ůӱūλ֮һͬ˴ЪϢ̸֮ʣ˷һ䣬Էľֹȴǳ
䣿ҡգǺǣ
Ӿֹ̿ģڿڣ۹б̬ᡣ꣬һ˦ΪӲѵֵһαҪԼأ
ūһȻΪҲ֪䣬ȴֲòӽͬСż֮񲻰ĪԡΪŮ˵ĶɣǺԵ񣬽ԼǰδеΣ
ӰȻ΢΢ЦգԻ֮ҲǺǣһתɵֵūӣЪϢѰգҽŸ·
ū׳ǡ֮ʣȻ¼ŵɫ͸żȻ

һƵ¥̨֮УĬĬվλӡ
һģݣ˫ݣԴɫη塣ؾ˴£̡֪ɸͷߵ˶š
һ˴ü룬ͷߴȴһλڵĸ֡۹֮䣬ͬھŲѡ
˲¸졣
֮⣬һ˱˫ĬȻԶеȣһϮɫۣòʶƮƮȻһԣɢȴķ¥̨֮ķӿݣδǰյ˴Ŀģ
ǳ׼ʢŭ֮У
Ԫӡ
Ƭ֮Ӻڡ
˫ݵӼæȥһӦڣ
һԵδٻȴǵͷش˿ڴ
ؾˣҲ޷ˣѪɷȴһйһ˵ϣΪ𣿡
Ԫɫ䣬֮жһͷŵòҶ룬һǸ۵ıӰȥ˵ʵ
ͷҲûأӰ¡
üӳû߳λ֣ԸһȺ½ƵͽƾԷӳؾˮȻɣԪӻԲл
⻰˵Ȼ侮ʯˣָ˶ţ룡
Ԫ׹ߣ͵̧ͷһԣ˻ߵŭȻ̸һ֮áǰؾȴ޹ְءʣˣ⣿ȴжɾڡ
̧һƳ漴°һ˦ԪӰڳʢ˵ļƵؾڵʿ٣ԵɡĽڣٸҳұһ֮
ڹˣ˵ˣȻһ˭˭
Ԫֻ۷ڣҧгݵ˵¸Ըһͬ͡
ƤһҪ߳ǣæü˳Ŀתǰ
Ԫûָһ̱ڵءְأȴø³οա
֪ʱǱתĮȻԴȡ
Ԫӣ֪һһɼΣ
Ԫ΢΢һƺһסֱӣŵ˵ƾһСؾ֮кΪܣ֮ͨӡ˵Ǳ֮ˣʹ죡
¸ˣ˵ı֮˻˭ħеʦֵ֮˽֪
ԪӹڵǿŲһе˵Ҷº޾ؿɼа䲻ʵǴɫ˿Ҵֵǽһ˾һ㣬ȴħ޾Ѫ̶֮ʩչͨʱˮʦֱ㱻һɱƲɵħѪҡ
ɫһħѪܲħӡɡ


1181 ˶
ӰȺڵϡ
֮Ī⣬һ˶޴׽
Ԫ̧ͷ֮ʣٺ˿ɱ¶һĨҵЦݡ
Ϊ˷ӣĹͷȴת
ʱԶеͳĻ𡪡
˼ҳϲұ֮֡ΥҺΪ֮
ϵĽ̻Уʢ˵ѵ֮⡣ʱȴ͸α㡢޳ܣ
Ԫѭȥ۽ǳ鴤£ǲҵӦлǰЯ
֮⣬üɫȻģԪʶȤϵغһת˫ƮȻȥ
Ƭ֮ԪֱӰʧķ޺һڡСˣ㲻Ϊ߳һͷ𡭡
֮Խ⣬Ԫε̾ԼֻжڵΪǶڵĸ֡˴֮俴һ֮ȴԶ
ΪԳСļʾ𣬶ϸ˵ʵΪ桢㲻ͬľ硣Ƕ桢Ƕ񣬸СɡɣԲ֮֡ĶÿдΪף緲֮ѣ
ʶڵԱҲ԰ǰȴǲɡ
ԪӲһǴؾ֮ʦֵǿбꡣ˵ջǸһˣһ๦ȴû׷ѡķ⿪ԼԴҴա
Ԫתҵȥ
ѰȥԪפǣɲĶ
ԪӳϹ˹֣ҴҷԶзԸһѰǸһ䣬Ŀɽ˭ֶΡ
ͬʱ֮ϵ¥̨֮УĬȻû赲ӿƮޣĪ⡣鳤룬̧Զ
ϵһϲʺ߹ң¹⻪֡
Ǿħǵڣ˶Ī⣡
伮ƣÿ֮ʣǾͨ죬ܻ硢Ǭ֮棡лԵߣԽִɽ磬¡˵ɵ۷֮δ֪
֮ϣаأֱΪɡϡ¡䡢ࡢࡢ΢֮ɴ˶Ϥÿвͬ쾡У
ʱۼ컹ΪʱԶƿذ˻ģǱԸ
ֳ徳ֱΪ̫徳Ԫ徳ʼ徳
ʦ˵ֻ̤̫徳һɾ͵ۻԲݺ죬棬컯ΪһʥͶܡ
ֻϧʦδ޶֪䣬һʦֵڹĶǡ۳ڴˣͬǶһ쾳ɶ¶ٰ˻ġʣ˭ܲΪ֮Ķأ
ħԳƣȻıħλմеһˣǶڵΪκֹڴѴʦҶ£ͬѰͻƵ;ʦֵ˽Բϰݣķɴ˶
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ħӡħ޲֮ءħ£ΨҶԼϴ˷ʦӲ⴫ˣǸһ֪
ɫɣ۹ȴǺһ
ҶǸһڵĵӣ˴ͬŵ־ʹ˶աؾѪɷǷȳףȻҪذ
Ұ¶֣Īĺ

һɽ֮Уӵ´ҴðһӰҷ磬˫ü絶۹䣬ɫ͸żֽǣ
ū߼ռˣϲֻϧһʦһ
ɺϣڤڤ֮ж꣬Ѽʺ磻ûмۣܶɶڶ̩أ
һ֮ʣ˳ƣתĿ
һֱշתڵµĴ֮䣬üաڽɨ˰ˡŴ֮󣬽˲ʮɫʯ˳Ʒʮλɾĸ֡ջѲֵһᣬסʯһȳūǴеҪ£
ǰҰؽ磬ūһںδ
һδǰڣǧ֮ĹȿͻȻӿʮӰ״üһԭפ
ת˲֮䣬ʮλΪȡʿ˽ǰһˣգ۵ĹѽһΧΪ׵λСɵߣֹ̧סң۹ȴӣתżɻ߳λýΪԵħǵ
ڳˣֱ˴ˣһɫơϸƱɷ֣Ψһҵһģһвͬʵ
һɫɣδŻػȴǻȻһ䣬ʾԲΪ°һ̧һЦʵкβ𣿡
΢΢һæ˵ԭλʦ֣ʧˣԷŶԲΪԳħǲɡã̵ֽĿѯʵǰϤص̳״λʦִţɷָһ
١ӱɱһǴ󶯾ħŷԤ֮СŽ̤Ұؽ磬Լӭͷײϣ⻹Ӧһ׻ԩѱܣ·խ
һȻ״漴΢΢ü˵⡣ȼйȥ̩Ȼȴɣתִżֹʵ֪˭
߶֮ʣҲ֪
ţ򲻿ɵġ
һ֣µһ䣬ӣﳤȥܱ鲼ƣȿ˰أ䳩衣ɽȣԻһߡ

ʱ֮һڷֳӰͷ΢΢һ֡
Сţô
ƾ赱ĻѰʿڻ¡ǰǲΣղߵǳΪģ˶ѣ
ĳǿߣ̫ǫãͽۡ
һһƬ֮ϣ̤ңԶķ
˻֮󣬳öڲ޴ǽسͼһöССװ¡˻֮Ұͼѭ
һ̧óһöϸϸ鿴
ħʿһöͼӡħԼĴΡп֪ħǾаµ·̡ʩչؾڿɴ
һȨ֮ʣ̧ͷ
ʶ֮УǰԶһɽ֮ϣʱۼһȺӰ߳ʣ˱⣬ᵽһϤ
һ룬򣬳𡭡


1182 ׻
ɽ֮ϣľΧڵ䡣Էǳң಻İħǵͬʿȴǿɥһֱæΪԼš
һɣ;У²ֵ͵Ϯ㡣ʯʦֵ˾սΨ½ʱΣǲҰ
ľ˵ÿȴû˭ֻߵһλ˵ǰ˵ǰ²ԣʵ
ܲ鿴һ顣ݵϵѪ֫Ŀҵɱ̴棬֤ʵľԲ顣ˣǲϰݣߵɽϱֶӸµʵ˽ΨɾʯҲɣǺε˸˹һɫĪ⡣
ľпԣù
Ϊ컯£żһ˭ȥԶסȥ·һʶ֮£鷳˵صɨһգһо⣬ԼȴȻϴɣ˵ɣ
˵ĵħǵ½ϣ쾳ã֮ĸĿˡ˾ͽκΣ
ʱ򣬻Ҳһ
ľԼãС˵λɱ⡣¹񣬻ǰ̧֣ݺƽϡ
˲ٴɫ߳ߣ¹ش˽
ľƿԡǷֱձؼ̸ֺ˽أ
йâһתѭѭյ˵⹴ᣬʵ˵ǳľ΢΢һЦƽֵ֮ͬ飬ͨڡ
ľűЩİĺϣδкοοǾһɺͷס˸սʱ̼˵²ͨڣֻϣ
ɫһҡµѽɽΧ˴˼Ĭ̧Ĩһĺ룬͸ɱ˵ݲ飬ħľұҵײܲ
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˵ħǵʿΪ컯֮£ô߼޻ɱðͷ֮£ƫƫԼͷϡ
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һλǰλɾ֡Χ֮£Ҫӵûڳ˵Σ
ľȥƲ̧ͣһָСɵķɽֱǰȥɲǣ·ǵϣͻȻձ飡һ죬羪է𣬷ҫ۴ĿĹâХȥ
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ľһƴһתԱȻ˼อҺһѪȴǲҳɣ͵سǰ
Ҳο˺վħͬŵУ
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ͬδ⣬Ȼ壬Ǳһ򣬺Ǳ·ɽ֮ϣҲ޴󰭡׻ڣ첻ȴӰѵǿˣǸľһλؼĸ֣
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һշ˳̧ץǰȻһ棬ӿɱɭȻֻɾΪľٲ⡣Žʩͷ֮ͻȻһ죬νҪʧضԳ֣
ǡ
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ɲǣΪʱֻǰѪһ硭
֮ͬʱľֻ͡
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ľĿɿڴȻ͸żɻ꣬ӵսսؾ˵лǰ֣¸ж
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ľȻĹˣһʱʴӡ
һλǰλɾĸ֣ת֮䱻ɱ˸ɾ֮УһкԼΪԼ˰ȣΪʶ֮к޲
Ƭ֮ع鰲
ľŵҡҡͷ޽ҵĳһڴλ˳ں⣬Լٻ
ʯ˵ѣԼпѱ硣˶ǰֻҲϴѲ˸ϵˡһȴһ޹ʧ˭˵أ
ľعڼơ
ǰشȴ֮ǡָȥδء
ľҩУҡҡλεȥ
Ȼ˼ۼȥ֮ǰһ˿ɳ֮
ľûԶͷһס̧ͣͷ
һԶת֮ѵ֮⣬ֳһλӵӰŨüĿȵȻɢŶ쾳ơΪߣ仹һħ
Ȼᣬȴһλħǵǰ
ľ˵ģװ磬ɻ֮УɥѡԴӷҰ֮󣬱˲ϡһδȥһ𡣵Ըٴη׻
ľϾ룬㷲飬ʩ˵ľǰ
˴ӿն䣬ץ˼£ӵϷǬ䡣֮չУƮȻľǰһ֣Ц˵һɱλͬţֶΡ
Ȼ߲߲ƣ
ľһڣˡ


1183 
˵û꣬ҰԼħǵ¾ʹսᣡ
ʱľǿ֮лɱϴһĨЦҵɫ͸żĪĸп
ⱲӣҪһ˵ĵת
󱯴ϲڣʵ˳Բ
ƣ⸣Уˣ˭֪Ƭƶıأ
ɵװ
λǰ飬ָһ·ȻǻˣҰħǶȻزȥˡҪΨԶǷ֮ء֮󣬺δأ
߰ɣһƬأͬ
ľ£ǿյԶȥģ˹Ұ֮⣬ͷһ˿ɻɱģǲλǰ˭

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һվһ֮ϣԶ
ʶ֮УǸľӰʧǿ֮С
һ°ڣϥ
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һԶ˸ʯ֣ɣæȥθ˹ţʹĸ⣡
ʯһоȻڷ;͵Ϯֻľ档˼ϧ߼޻ҲǷ׽гĺڳԺڡ
ľѰūΨһָӲ
ҪľڣҪԸˡǿλɾһλ쾳ǰҪ価ȥй¶Լҵ٣ʵ̫ף
ʶһڵȴʱ䡶˲֮伣λȻɣڳ˸޴ӲԷ֮ʣڰѣɷλɾĸֳ֣ħӡԸ
뵱ʱһƾħӡӡһ붴ڵľǶСɵΪȫ޷֮£Ѫ޸촷ۡ
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һвϣľĥȥ񼸽֪ĹԼħǵһ˫ַϡ
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ΪǸľʿӡħǵĵͼΡˣԼһ䶴Ա֮ȵȡ
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ڵɽϣۼһȺˡ
׸Ųۡ߹޵һɫڴ׳Ħȭƶܣʱش˵Цšһʯ֮ϣڷһͷƶǵҰޣһλಲľ׳ĺֳֿæµͣ
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һͷСûм龫⣬вЩӡ
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ʱʯǰĺӼΪ䣬ǽҰްƤ޹Ƕ飬к˷ֶȡ֮λЪŵ·˺λ粻ؼ⣬ȫȱһˣ
׷׷ǰҶشʯȡ˷ֵõһ⣬ԵЦݡ
Ǻӡॡһ¿һִ޹֮У͵һ¸أ֮һλߵĻУЦಮҰһܵЩТġԷֿû죬Цúǿ
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ӦһתܿǸʮߡӣȽŷɿ졣
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ڵѽȥʯֻʣƤ޹ǡĺӲδֵ飬ȴû˭⣬ѽʰ׵ǴŹֵĿˣ޵δţΪңԶ֮ءλ簲ȻˣǺñ£
ȫɽܣҰڶ࣬Ī˵䣬Ҫǲסλ׳ȴԶȻҾӣʵ壡
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ֵȫΪƫƧĪ˵ˣֶŶȻλרΪѰɶ仰δ䣬һԵļӸЦ
ֵЩͿͷ˲Ū飬ֱ˵ʵѰΣȻټ֣նɱʯԺδ
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ʮߡܵԣܴнӹ̳ƣЦϾʱĹƣɾ⡭
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ͷʹ˸ɫž̳лֵܻҪ·ţʹ˸ǡ
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1184 ɲ
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Ծǲϰݣ̽һץֺݺһˤ
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ֵЩػһƳȴδᣬֱԶȥ


1185 Ҵ
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ص˵ͷӻ˵ҴգΪߵͣ԰գһ˫ȭ˭Ƴǰ
ұȸߵͣͷЩ⣬ƫԴ룬س٩ֵܣо仰˵úðС»
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ɱۣȴûв˵˹ȥ
ٲҳɣת벻ԶһڣʱûӰ


1186 㳤
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׿Ķֱ֣ʮĶڳȥ
ѨڵڶȻϵǿϮĽԴȴȴһǿɱ¾֮УתµĶʮתɢоͽ붴ڵģжµģӲ붴ڵģһͨҵĳ棡
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ѨɵķԲԿĺۼǶзľʯӨӨ֮£ɫ֡
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ʮദСǳһΪȻɣеԴУеǰȥʮʮɱûȥ·
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ʱ֮ǵͶǿĽƺŹâŤͨ̽һӰ׳룬ɫ࣬ɫ㷣ͣ²쳣˿޺ļһˣѰȥ
ĺǰһŮӡ
Ů䲼ȹȴȶұˡŤ棬۹֮䣬δ˵ʯ֣Сģ˽Աɱˣȴмƽϡ
ڶǰվֽϸϸ鿴һ飬ҡͷ˵ʹðȻ˼Σٴηزǿֹб֮ʱ񲻻֮ӡ
ŮӲȰߴٵоϣ²˳٣
ӲһƳ§Ůӵ֫˳󼸰ѣһƬ̵컣һߵЦһΪǿκδֱɲҵĸᲢҽ磬ǺǡԷһףĪҪ⣬ΪҪ
Ź󣬽˼йһҽһƾ껯ˮƵΪ֮£ִ֪磬ǿͦǹԾĳ嶯ֻܽŮӽŻУΪذο뵣ǣȥóһöһӣǵǷ
ӻͷһۣЦݡٵ飬ŻеŮӺᴩѨȥ
ǡڴʱǰͻȻһɫĹâ
ɫ䣬תҪеŮǾ״ʧеͷ¡ſҡ
ǵɫĹâƵѸףɱ벻赲ƺȻ
֪ϵȴܡ˲ö룬͵ؽеŮ˳ȥԷúݡ
һҺȻֹѪɡ
ӳûˣֱʱĶڶȥ˳˦һơʱ˿ֻ̣ǵƲ̣
˲䣬׻һ㡣Ȼֹסȥƣŵصɴ˫ۡ
Ƕ֮ǰ֪ʱһλ׳ץȥƣᡱһ״Цӿӣ
Ƥ鴤סȥ
ʮ⣬ƽðһλ׳ֳϴŽ飬ڴˣ·ӣ
һգ
ִȺȥԭֻһȦסΪлɳãû뵽ͶӴȰ棬вˡǲŮ˻³


1188 ˫ɷ
ʯӣλڴ˱ޣӲǷǡֻеСɱʲѰȫȣȴðλǰ
֮ǰз˿ȵµķϣ㶷ΪС
Ҳ˹ǡ˼ֱƷƣƿҩ
ѱ¶ȫȣƷƣλǰƿҩѱҵá
һ˴Եµλǰ
λǰ
Գʯӵھ󣬻ǲϷŹһԼҵĵϸȫгֻλк֮¡
ʣзǰߵѰһҲµСʬ⣿մȥʯ׶ˣҲٽͷ
ڣ
Ҳװ
ﲻһĶΪβ
ʯǰʴӡֵ֮ɱɫĮȻְ֮˵ЦȴЦľ
˰ΣͷϷŪһͷСᡣ³ע޴ӸġݵİֻǰһֻþϢ
Ƭ̣ʯһɫ鰧£ӳһǬ䣬֫أ¸Ըֻȫʬ
ʯӵģܿ
Ҳǣ˳ϳȥ绨ĵ£ԼϦȫʬ׹ֻңŪȴ³һ˵ã
ʯӾ뵽ԼĻ׿Ĺǣ
ȻЦϴڴˣֵ˭˳ƹ˫ɷҲ
˸͵ţ˫ɷ
ͷŶʮһۣ˵ֵܣôռұˣֳΪ쾭塭
أԴеȻػصǰ󣬲ܽ˳ڡɼ򡭡оȻǶ֣
ͷεغһ
λֵܿ¶״һǿʶѲΪǣѵǵ˵ǲǻع飬ԭӣ
ˣؿ㣬СҲסʯӣ벻ֵĬ
νĬ֮ǰܹ֮ƣ
ͷǵǿ£ʱһ
ǽԶݣֻܾʹաҪΣǼһвزסʱΪˣͷڸֲ鿴һ顣ȻԿǵƵıȴδк쳣ķ֡Ǻ㴫ʾ⣬ȥȴ£ƭֶ󹦸ɣ
ˣὫдϡЩɵɵˣû
ʯӼȻ붴ȫ޸ϵ
ڻͷת֮䣬԰
ʱʯȻʵʵſšֻ˶죬Լİ󲢲ᡣȻ̧ͷһٿȻɵˣδܣѾʮһ¾ģ
顪
âһ졣ſڵϵӰȻը
ͷЦֵܺÿĵסЦûͣסһ
âͬɫȻ
ӰըȴѪŽֻʯķһˣֵƤˡ
ͷһʯʧĵط鿴ֻмǳǳѪԼɢżֻǬ䡣֮⣬޷֡һץǬ䣬תǵĶڣŭɶĶƭүү
һˡɣΪѰ㲻ֵһᡣôһһǷߵףǿధ󣬻еļҵҷϣνȴΪװģֻΪƭǿĶ֡
ֵΪüƣ˭ϵȴԼѹŭĻ˻үүˣ
ͷ붴ڣת˲ǵƵһɿ⡣ɣõķǰȥֻâŤ£޵ĽƻȻʧֳͨ
ͷʯ޴ӣصڻΨһȥ·
ͷƣһӣȱɽȥֳ󡭡
ɽڵĵطת֮䵽˾ͷ
ֵֹס˽Ųɫ㵣
һʮɴСңзΪ顣ıڿտգֻеϵļѲⲻĵ㣻ڲ߳ߣ״ʯ̨һһбڷʯ
ֵת´
һĶңž·ӰͷʯǴӱ˲ɡ
ͷŰǰ۹ɡ̧߷һ֮۹ʯ֮ϡ˲䣬ͻȻкֵܣ⡭
󲽵˽ǰ뻢ͷͬɫȻ
ϥʯ˴СüĿ
еһλǲߵģ䳤üʹ΢գ͸һĪƶ˲ǰĺΪۣߡ
ǳ׼λʯ붴˴йϵֻ˵Ǵ˼ˡ
֮ббڷŵһʯǰϣԵñ΢ࡣֵ˵һ㶼İ
ͷţԵʾͷʯǡ
˵Ϊ϶
һʯ񲢷ǱˣǸʯǡʯӡһѰޣԼʯ񹩷ڴˣʵ˷˼ߵĺˣԵʣ
ߣһĶ
ʯδԼѣ޿̡һݷ˵ᶶֵһ⡣
顪
һ죬ʯǵʯ˲ȴеʯɣѪӳɶѣһ̲ǽ塭
ջȻѡƭѲԼ˫ۣ
һͷСϣ˶áˣʹƣ
һ￴ƲҲЩֶΡ
ͷЦһȴơ漴ɫһ̧ץ
ֻ̲ѪٿȻɳһһö
ͷУչࡣ֮꣬ݸһԵͻЦͷˣǶµطɣȱȫȴ԰գȥߵߣ˭ֵΪУ֪˫ɷ
ǡ
ӹȴǿסַңͷβ֪ӡźεķ
ͷȻ˼Ƭ̣һָͷӯһ΢ĹâʾԶַ϶֮紫㡭ԼҵֵܴӲ˽żֳȡ
˵۸вޣȴҲ֪˻ͷΪˡɶԷָĹâüʶ֮˫Ŀ΢أ˼
ͷæգǰߵʯѡʶ֮УǾһٰʯ񣬲쳣֮ȴһӵɻǷ֮еɷЦǰ֮ν֪߲ӼȻϵ㣬̸кξ⡣˵Ǵʯֽأ
תޡ
ͬʱѿелһƪвȱȴһĿȻԻתޡ


1189 Ե
ͷԾԾУЩɲص߿ɲǸʯǣǽʯˣ֪᲻ᴥһЩδ֪Ľɡ
˵תޡ
ͷ⣬û룬Ӧֵƪǲȱȫ֮ʣűڴ˴ȴʯǼ˱ˣٽʯ޵þת֮κΪãʳ
תޡƪ٣ȴδôƣһֻУתǧؼ裬žŹһȶ٣֮ޣȵȡ
ɬƪľ仰Ǹɶ˼ͷ̫ףҽͬһӸʶޣֻǸӵĺͿŽסһ
Ǹʯȴƾƪʯ֮Ŀã
ɣתޡö˷ķĲ£ֻϴܶԸ
ͷ˵ֵܣ²ͷǺηˣʯǷѪ֮ˣ᲻ᱩʬ𡭡ֳ䣬ȴƴһλǿĶ֡
򣬲δ𻰣ǰ̧һӡ߳һâ͵ʯ֮ϡ
ͷЩ⧲æһֵܣҲк
£ϢʯмŽûѪɡߵʯֻǻζ£һ㣬Ȼʧ
յһ֣놪£
ʢ绢統ꡭͷļƽϣһ䣬תͷûˣ󷨡
һҪǽߵʯƾûˡ˲䣬һӨ׵Ĺâʯڵʯ̨֮ϻȻֱ϶񷶥էȻһһִĹǹسⷽССء
ͷ˫۲Ҳԭء
ǳ׼ߵĹâΪڡֻݵһ˴Ув֪ͨδ
ϢĹǵâмļ
룬̧̤ʯ̨
ͷȥһס߳㻹ŵ㣬ɸ
Ϊ裬ĬĬ˵ͷһֻȭͷڻͷļһ¡
ͷ˲һײâ֮Сգ֮䣬ûӰ
󣬽̤󷨡֮һ˲ǰ任

һžɽ֮УйâĿյϣֳӰֳɫ䱸
һĶмأʯ齡ʯڣΨӰ
һĨӲԶĶбս֮УԻļš
ǰһͷ
ǵ󷨹âʧ·ޡ
ת򶴿ڡ
ǰŵĹ򡣻ͷأ
żɻȥ˶ڣһ
ڵĶͱ֮ϡɴ˾Ӹ߸һƬ޴ɽȾ۵סԶ͵֣ķԲԡɽˬʹĿֻǧ֮һɽǰԼӰζ
ɣӭǰֱǵɽȥ
ǧ֮ת˲
δΣһӰͻȻӭеһᣬΪŵȵߺˣ
֮ͬʱֶеʶΪǿȻλĸ֡
ڰգǴ㵲ѡ
ǳǳļһҲϤƤӣԼһ˫ԲĻۣǻͷǺˣʱľֹȴΪİżټĹᡣ
ѰˣԵʣ
ŻͷһƳ
λȴϵֵܣǽ°һ̧ӳ죬ڳһģ
סͷȴǿŲɫ
ڴ˿̣߳ʣǺˣʵ
ѭȥ
ɽ£ѿһɽ뵣Ī⡣
ɽǰĿյϣվˡ
ߣò죬ͷ߰ͬȴΪޣŶСɵľ硣
ˣλͬΪޣɾڵĸ֣µĺӣһλ˾ʿȻŶڴɵΪ
߳ʵǸɿݺݵߡ΢͹Ʊˡļͬ۹ⲻƣһͻ
Σüͷݶ룬˵ԡ۹һƳ˵Կȣðλǡ
Ȼˣɲ㣡
Žת˵סȥ·һһâ˸Ǻ߲Ϊ֣ڵʯ֮䣬ѳʮİ֮У⧲
ͬʱһӰǰǴɣ˻ͷȫȡ˴ǽڣʹ׽һΡ
һĬĬͷǼһЦЦò⣡
ǰ£Ȩ֣ͷĲϵȴֺĵȰ˵ת·ļѯʵӸǰǰдλѣΣӦǶҲ֣˵ĵѣ
Ȼתȥ߳죡˴ֲţ
ͷһӣæǡǣǰᣡһЦ¶״ӡ
Ұգһ
ڳѭȥǸ˵̧һƳʾС
£ΡҲ˵ɶĻͷǸµĺߵסȥ·Լӡм죬Ҫʲô
ת˲֮䣬˫ء۹ܣȻ
뻢ͷ£˰ڳһΧ֮ơλ磬һǷĵУ
ɽǰƬյأΪɽƣԵüΪƧŨڴˣһ㡣ܵ赲֮£ЩԶΡʲҿʱǲȻֻѰͷ䡣ֵٴط꣬ȴϡ
Īޣ
ǸӵĺӣӦڳΪ֮ˡ˫վʮ֮⣬ɫĪ⡣һλһԲͬĽ׽
˿ڴ˵ͷӦţ
Ǽ鹢ֱӵ¶΢Ц˻˸ɫ˵ԵԵȻ;ԹȣҵԶһ̽
ЩľȻûףʵԹȣԶ
ˣȻ֪ԹȵĴǺ
ʦܣĪ˼ƽϡǺǣ
ɾΪһһͣ޷ȡЦĹªšиߴ׳ߣΪܣһСʵߣӦþǼд̡
һԵĴ׳ѵݵ룡Ը
д̲ҷӦʦʦ塭
ͬʱ˵ϵܣĪҪСӵѣлֱ˵
ܵοﰵֹڳˣ˻ͷǸ֮⣬˾ʦͽұ˴˼伫ΪֽΣǽ޴Ӵ⣡
ӲŲæ̧Ĩ˰Ѻ룬ĪһЦ˵֪Թ֮󲻹һ켾ȡ˴Ϊʱչ֮أͬСɡ
ӸɽǾһȴͬʾѣ¹شĪԣ˴켾ȲԶСΪ
ӲΪȻҡҡͷֵѶ겻Ӱħͬ³ΣԼȥһ̽Եδ֪


1190 Ѱ
һˣİɽѰǰ
ǸӸɵߣŵӼдǰͷ·ǻͷӣԼʦͽһʮԶԵӰɽ֡
ͷһƳֻ°תǰʮ⣬ѱǶԺʦͽס·ͷ֮ϵһ죬ԶĪ⡣ߴ˼䣬ʹ˱ѹ֣ȴɼ
ߣϴգԶԶڽգջһɳ죿
תĳȡ˵ûлͷļʶȴǰĴΡ
ӳӵĿл֪ĵ켾ȣķʼӵܵĵĵطħʱչ֮ͬǲʼįʧǵҰ֮СϵǳԶضԴ
ΪˣڰдԣѳƽԶϾ죡Σȴ޴ӵ֪Ҳû˸ȥһ̽ʵ
ˣǧģ¡Ӹʦֵ֮ԼѰйʵ档ʵչصԹУһ̽ߣȵȡ
ʱչ֮Ѱз֣һĻԵ
һȥӸɶˣ
Թ켾ֻ֮ңз紵ݶؽˣ
ʶӸɸԴһλӣ볾Ǳ˴һ仰Ѱˣ
˭δ£Ŵզ˹
ţųӵ˵ԵӸɵ˵ǾǾ©Ȼ˼ɣָΣǺǶһλͷּһλ˵Ϊ£ܺù֮ðһδȥûʲô²˳٣
ǰĪ
ǰϴ㲻ġлͷܸ綥šϴ߶ˣͷˣ˭ָˣʹܣ̶֮ʱؼһжô桢Ȥ
һɫһݡ
˴ʵĽˮȥһתѭ֮ȥʪͱڼȻѿһڡӣɭĪ⡣
ʦͽ̤붴ڣͷȴǳɲǰ
Ҳߴ٣ǵ˵ȥգٻһһ˻ذ벽ʮ
ͷ׺һЦ޵ǰ߼Ҽϴϣ಻ضá
ڶǰͣ£ɫһʵϴǺˣ
ԶӰٽԼͽܡ
ͷҫȴؿ£˵Ҽϴ쾳ĵһˣձؽķ
쾳ɾΪˣķǲ֪ν
ɫһв͡
˽ǰĬĬ˻ͷһۡ
ʦͽɫмеܼЦͷĪ״γţⲻ֪졭
ǿиǿֵĵĸ˵ȴǴʵŰˣߡͷΪ޵һ䣬ڽ˶ڣǶӶֵģƸûеշϡ
ӵ֮ǰͱˡȻͷʶȤͬУټƽϡ
һ̤붴ڣǰȻʡɷԲĶѨ֮ڣʯˮţйֽϪĪ͸żأ
Ӹʦͽ絽һæڶѨв鿴
ʱĶ˶Ӹ׿ӣԴӳʪкɶת˲һʯͷϣŲŽĳʵ˴һѰڣȫ޷֡Īǵϴ˵طǡ仰˵һ룬Ȼָ
̤붴Ѩ֮󣬸פΣһԡΨг̬г㡣
³£͵ʦ˴ʵ֮˶㡭о˸ǰתӣźֵǶϷв֪ǰ˵ټΣ
ǰǳԼѰĵҪʦֵܶ˴·ˣȻһʿѰԹȡˣͽһѷǶϷǻƣһ켾ȵˣؽԲ˶ߣ
˵鿴˼Ϊһġ
ӺǶ¡ӸɵϣΪȻЦЦһóһöƬ̧֮ԼӴֱѨеһˮضȥ
ˮز󣬼ڼʯͷ֮䣬ɵķԲ庮γȪˮӿ̶ǳǳϪԶȥ˴ΪѰ붴Ѩеطûʲô
ڳ˹
ˮصϷնǰƮ꣬һ٣ͷƬ̣óһƴСľƣŽһӡŹâһķ˲ɳѸû·ˮصȪ֮СϢ󣬲޶
˶ųӵһһԲ
ӸĻһɻ
ܡд̵󣬴ֵļơ
ͷһʯųеƴһֹۣͷ¿ȥʿþǶడǰԶǧģ֪Թȵأǻ˵İɣûûΰعһ֣ȫ޹˼ɵĻģ
ڳûӦһƽء
ӳŻͷһۣת¡Ӹʾ£˵ɻµĵϵ֪ǳ˿󡭡
ǰڻˡݴɻѵɡ
ӻû˵꣬ȴһ޼ɵЦϡЩ޿̣Żͷ߳˭˵ɻѵɣ˭ٸ࡭ߣɱһʢŨѨڶʱһη塣
дźˡͷתµǰú˵αضŭأԭɻںġ
Ӹվûɫһ˿Ȼɻڣ棬ȥˡ
Һʱ˵ɻںģߡӴмһ󣬽סƺƣֵɻʵ֪ݺʡħȥ˭˵˲ںģתӸɣ˵ҵ໥¼ɣ޲ηء֮ʣƵٴλӶ
֮˲䣬һ·
ˡ
ѭȥһ
ʯ֮йâеȪۺӿ綳һ㡣ɲǣȪˮٿȻ࣬Ǵѿһڣ庮ڣμΪĹ죡
д̽סһ˵ʦ۷Ź⡣
ǰһƳܣɵͷȥ̽·
ʮ⣬ͷĿ档æ˼̸ɴػصҲ仰δ䣬ѱӸɵסȥ·ԷҲϬת˲֮ѽΧ
ͷ£գţϸЦЩε˵Ҳȥ˭ȥ


1191 
ͷϵù޺һڣǸڡֻӰһûӰֻһڣΪ䱯׳һƽ˼Ī⡣
Уæʶ鿴ǶȻѼߡ
ڶڵϷһָ룬һֱĬĬעŽ£ϵɫ׽͸
¡ӸɵʦͽЩһԾԾԡ
޶ԣԹ۵ģ뻢ͷͬİ·˴ٲɡ
ֱȥյĹ·Ȼûж
̧ڹһųʾȺ򣬲û˵꣬һԵӸæŸ͵ʦԣ⡭
ǵȲȥˡ·кôרһǰɻƹͬ¾ٻԵǡ
ûأԵͷ
ӸɫΣ˴˻˸񣬲Ҫ˵ͻȻ졣

һҽ漴Ȼֹ
һȴֲԡ
ϤŵɤţԻͷ֮⣬ûˡл֣̿𾪣񻹴żĪ֮ϲкξʲô
ӺӰһû붴֮С
״¼æӸɵʾ£ȴû߳ȥ
ӸܡдᣬڽһһأȻûк֮ǡˣɲΪ©򣬱ؽǻ
˻ͷǰ֮˵ֱӱ·Ķȥ֮ʣͷȴǰһնҪɱ֣˶ýһʱ֮죡
µ˲ٳɣ̴򶴿ڡ
ͬʱԹİ֮УͻȻһХ֮˸ðһͷצɫޡǰ˫㣬ۼò׶š塢ɳϣվһӰ
һһ֮һ
˫أҡͷβһʱûͣ
Ӱȴŭˣ̧һֻСűȥ߳㲻ͷߡ
ޱһλģŮӣʮͷͣü޶ۺɷ͸һ˼ɵĺݾĳȹƣг˱ȶˡͬŻҵӣ֮żء
޲ܣһƬ̣βצͬӲһ㣬ֱֱڿУٲģΪĹɿ
Ů̲ݣٴκ޺һţһָȥǻĶ鿴еұ㽫Ƥߡ
ɴ⣬æһֱǧ֮⡣ͱ֮ϵĶǰСסȥƣȴ³ˤɽȡ
˽һ㣡
޿ǵӰӯȥסоǿ־塣Ťʵʵڶǰ׶ż־Щ̵̻ڴߵӣǳ֮ˣáң
ŮȻȥǼĶǰԴ漴ȻͷߣԹΪڣȴѻķ϶ʦ֪ͷѰˡ
ŮӸ˼䣬ת뿪˶
һһɽѲ߮һȦתͷطȥһ޴ɽȳǰ
˴ɽΡ룬ȵؿһɽʣΪƶۻĪ⡣Ⱥ幰ǧ
һ̣ͻȻв϶ֵͳĻؼĪƲݿܣʥأʦ಻Խȥ
һһ޺ɽȣδٽ߷壬ֻתȥ
Ҳˣǰʦ֣̲ϼһ
Ǹ߷ǧ֮⣬һɽṲ̊޴ɧŽ£顱߳һţ㡭
ڵһţˡֱӵ˳ȥֺݺˤһʯ֮ϣŷĵ漴ĶȥӰ
Ůת˫ֺ֣شǰ
ʮǼűջĶܹʯᾣޣҲз£
ŮǰȥûϿʦ֣ǻת
Ż󿪣ˡš
ԳǵŮȥ磬һڡת˲̤붴ͽѰ˸£Թʦ֣ڱչأ֪ԹȵĶĪСá
ªȴǿеĵϣһλִߡ뷢Ұףϣ΢Ц˵Թ˻Ĵ֮أѻķϣȴ½˶Ǳж䲻Բַų룬ֵΪڱչ֮ʣУͷʦǰȥ鿴Ȼ£ա
ǲΪȻغһߣ켾Ľأߣ
Ͽ߲ƤһǷ΢΢Ц
£ԭֻбϿǰλմӡֵܶ˴ʦ켾ģӹƽȶְݡ˭ϻҲʦ˼һγ֮ʣ¶ˡӴԺɽб
ԺöѰ֡˱òҿ켾Ȱ벽ΪߣȻܳģ˵ѵҰؽ磬ֽ֪ǳĶ
ǣֺҲòȴǵŵӣڹжܣҰԵΨֱ֮
Ǵγ֮ٲת񣬱ϿǰҪæűչҪ£ϾˣֻʦܡʦúΪϿԹжʱ⣬öֵһ¡
ûƬ̣ǲͷˡǰλʦΪпɣȴǰʦһУΪ̲֮˴֮ʵû˵룬ڵһվֱ׳˵ʦ֣ҪȥҰһ
ϿƤ̧һ£ĬĬҡҡͷ
Թ˾ȤֵЦٺ٣붷ʦֲڶȻ⡭ǣתҪȥûȥʦֵ顣
Ͽ˫ۣɫ΢ڣ뿪İ벽ҿĪΪ顣ǽȥΪ
ǽס˸һ١
ʦֵˣԱϿΪΪ𡣶λʦɫɣɢĪȴǽ˲ԲĸˣϷԡ
ǶʱǺȹһ˦ת˳ȥŵ⣬ǹ̬еҹһ㡭
ͷԵʯ֮ƴܵ˽ǰչţڳһȡļơ
ǲŲʲôֻܺݺһ̤ȥߣкѣնʦֺÿ
һԶȥˡûӰ
ϿڶȻɫ˼
ǰıչ붨֮ʣƬ̣һʧ޺ۡ
겻Īкײɣ
Ͽ뵽˴ɫһ϶һö˻ȴ˼֮ǧĵһλֻ֮֡һ죬ʹλ


1192 ʹλ
Ͽ߳˶
ĿԶ棬ؿķãǧ
ǧɽ֮䣬һɽֱ񷣬ԶԶȥΪߴΡ׳۲
Ͽڶǰפ㣬漴նȥβƬȴڵƻɣ
ǧ֮ת˲
ٴιͨƵɽۻߴƽ̹Ĺȵؼͻأ𣬶ͱǡһب赲ŻһԽǵʹ˶Ȼֹ
ڸ߷İɽѿһ޴ĻڡҳǰչɣͬһдһյʯţĸӲԻĴ֣֮档
˴壬ĸ֮ڣ
ϿǧԶ⣬֮ʯǰͻȻ𣬾Ǵдڳͷʮɳԣ
˳ʦ֡
ϿһԲ
ͷԲأת˲֮ʧɢʯǰֳһߵӰ
ϿƮȻأܡ
һڼΪƽ̹տ֮УǸߴʯŸ¶ء
ԶʯһԣϥһλߡִϣЦɫһ˿ɻ
Ͽʾ£̶˫ֻǰЦʦܿʥأ֮벽
ʦǰԲи
ʯǰŲһ䣬תʣʦֱڱչأιˣ
Ͽ²ͣ˵񾳽磬ҪѺѰνıչأ޷ִѣѰʦֽһ
ʦּˣл޷ԳƽǰԵлȻһ䣬׳һӣŷŻҰ׵ĺ룬ʦõǶʦڴˣѵ徲
Ͽǰ֮£Щε˵ҪԹ졣ԸĪǻȻұؽҰħ޷ΪУ
λСʦܳԶţλֵܺı¡
ݴħµĵӻͻ;¹ش󣬲ܲ̽һΪˣԱöǰҰħһ⣬켾ڲݡ
ֻҪй¶Լҵʵ䣬Ҳ޷ǰԲΪȻҡҡͷʵʦֲǲʦǰԹȣΪΡ
ϿǰĲ²ʵ
Թɽܣҽ̴棬Ǳжв죬δؿԼʱڲ쳣
ɽƺ֮ϣһԶ˽Դ׳䣬ȴвͬ
ϿľֹǸʿĿж˼ƵĴݡ
ǰټЦ˵ֱ˵ʯһĳȣֲʧͱ˵İϤǲ鿴Թȵԭί֮󣬲δϡ֮󣬻û˭ڴ˴
Ͽ˵̧ͷһ۲Զĸߴʯţ뵱꣬ʦħһϸ£־ͻ쾳ԶϾ졣ȴʱգٲ˼ҹ
ǰȻ˵֮ϣˣʦתҲԭ
ϿЦЦ˼˵ʦ֪ұûСʾƾ裬˼һȥħͬ䲻˻Ⱥףձؽ֮СʣָԴ
ǰԵɫΪֹǰ;ཫʹ˶ա˭ĸԸ
Ǵеġʾħڣ̺Ҫ壬Ϊ쾳伮ȴʧ꣬ʵźʦָһδûջ񡣶˼ħֻ۶̣ؽ伮ȴлķµĴУκΡ
Ͽ˵ϤɻʵʼѰҡʾ䣬ħʵĵ辶ҵȴΪһǧġħգıؽ֮ӣ
ǰź룬ĬȻƬ̣ų˵ˣļơ֪ʦֿнҡ
ĶΪç֮ɱӲˣǱȽı˳в֮ʶǰдһ˵öǰҰͼ಻һʱȨ֮ơλСʦδܴ̽õѶϢı¸
ϿҡҡͷûκεЦΪмƽϣڴˡ
ǰƺλʦֻеûţ˵ãŪ飡
Ͽʱе֣Ʒһö
ǰֽӹ鿴ʵ˺⣿
Ͽ˵ǧóռ֮Ϊ顣ʦȥר̹ȴˣʲҡ
ǰأԳ񣬲Ȼ죬ʹλĪ˵λ˻й֮գ
ϿŲæػصܷλδ֪ؼǰλ
ǰʣ죿ν⡭
Ͽ鳤룬Ϊڴǰչ֮ʣԹǲ鿴Ȼԣȴʦµλ죬ʹλ֮ס
ǰŵ˵ʦ̫֮ǣǿᣡ죬δרָԹȡɻ֮ǰħʦ־ڳξ죬νʹλ֮˵޻̸֮仰˴ֽ̧׻ȥǳ׼ʦֵļܲΪȻ
ϿɣԲ˵һʱĲ²ѣʦ黳ֻٴ̧ۿԶǵߴʯţתֵк˵Ƕһͳ˻ģ֪ܷ񵱵ʹλ֮˵
ǰȻסŻͷȥʯ֮ϣ֮ĸֱ¡
ͷڣ
һʵĲʯ֮ϣĬĬӰֱǳӡӸʦͽȴΨһͷǼһ̽·ִҽУʱȴӰޡ˲⣬Լˣ
ڳޱߣǣ׹Ԩ֮µĻ㱡һʱ֮䣬ɫãȻ㷲
ټĵ¶Ѩͨδ
ǵ֮˱ɼֱ׹£ڽΪæһ֮ء䶨֮ŷһǳĶѨ֮䣬ɻʱ˿ָ̣δȥ
Ǹͷˣ̽ȥ·Ҫ
ʦǣӵѣָ㡭
Ӹɴһ£˫˫Եĳӡǧģȴ֪Թȵµأǲ򵥡Ը˵лԵ
дԼҵʦվʯıԵڳˣųӵһһ
ھĿԶɫ̧꣬顱һ֮ǰö
Σ˴㵡жȻŶѨеΣȴΪλȥͼֻĴ治졭
Ժˣվڲ෽Բ֮Ī⣬һʱ޴ӻرܡ˱֮أϢţЩȴ˼ɶࡣǺڳʵѣǺιʡ
֣ȥʯм۹⵭ӹܣΪȻ˵в޵µ飬֮á
һԵʦܻ˸ɫ˿תҵ˵ԭѶԴ˴ָƣָ򣡡
΢΢ҡͷЦǺǣһˣ֪˵صΡ
Ƥһ۵㡭
԰ִ̧꣡£ֵѰٶУ԰գǰһ̤ȥ˲ںڰԶˡ
²ҵʦܵȥ
ʱûȥƬ̣ԭֻʣһˣȴδǰУĬĬ̧ͷǸСĶȻʧˣȻҪҲԸͷǼһ﾿ȥ˺δ


1193 ĪȻ
µĶѨڰǰ󲻼ͷ
Ѩ񷶥̽ᣬԼһ޵Ľ֮·ͬˮڣˣ׶Ī⡣
ΪߣŵķʯȻƾţϲ졢²ŵصĴ
һƬ̣һڣһ£Ľһž졣꣬˦ͷҷ¶һӲšо˸һץߵɫƷ
ͷҶ㵱ֵܣȻû䣬ֻжˣ
һ֣Ա䡣ü֮䣬͸żηĿ̬ųӵȥķԼӴһ̤ڰֱĪնȥ
һڵµĶѨдУž
ǧɹǰȻް
׼һʯͷҴ£ס˿ڴ
˴ƴްȴΪķǳ׼ѨڳεĽơǲӰ׹ȥçײãֻ֮ܶԼΪð
һЪϢһ
ʶ֮УĪ˵ͷǳӵ˶ӰĶѨͨδ
һεԪ񣬿ȥ
һѪ븹ƣסʹ˾һ
ţԹ˿ڣԪζǲ
̧֣漴ҡҡͷ
ؽʱԪûˡԼΪѰ޵ԪѲãȨĵҩѡҪˡҲɵľѪΪ̸ף
ЪϢգǰȥǧɣѨһתʯţ붼˹ȥȴͻȻ߳
ʯ֮˽ȵǣд̡ڵطСֻǳһţеܶ˵ȭ
ڰգһںڵȭӰѴźХķӭϮ޴ӶܣҲûܣŭĿԲֳֵݺһ⡣
䡪
ȭӰײʱһ졣ѣĽ
Ȼ˳ȥȴչŲһı뺷磬ȥʮɱֹסơȻΪǣҲǽɵĺڰˡɾڵĸ֣ʩ͵Ϯ֮£⧲ʲԷӲһأѷһȴ˿
ȭ£ɻʵ
֮ͬʱһʯľһ漴ִڷɶ𣬲ед֣ϻС
д̿ܵǱͬЩ졣
ǳֵļһﾹȻɾĸֲ£˵׺˶Ըһ
дΪб˺ռ˫ֻӶǸץһâ飬һԾһһ
վΣвٴηѡ
ֻȭХ֮УһɴСĺȻϮ֮˲䣬ҫ۵ĹâưգǴŨصѪ뺧˵ɱ˫˫Ȼ
ҪԶ٣¹˭ɣ
һҧ˫ü˷ݺǿ麮֮ɲǣ͵ſһҵĻ棬һΪȻɵĻֱӭϮâ
䡪
򣬺ѡըľ֮УŰķʱ쭶ķ
͡͡
ССĻײâ漴죬ʱӰѼ̣ʤѷ֡
һжΪޣվǳԽסһε˳ȥ
ͬ裬Ժˡգ˫ȭһԸ͵Ĺǰ
дΪ๦δ⣬ȴɫһԷĻȻ̱ɽȴǽâոͣ죬âȥֳԭΣӨ׵ݽơ
ѽǿԼҵı٣
д̻伱УٿȻɻأĻ̴棬ɹǰ֮ȥ֮£æ跨ȣһʱϾ˼ֵĶ
ڵɣһʱƲס
ܳûƽ˫ȭͻʹʮɵķһźϲɱ
æңֱۼӣ죬֮תŽǿֹסȥơδȣһġɴСĺڷֻú⳹ǣѪٻ˶ҪֱڵܸһƬãã
˾ϴʱΪ·𡣶˺ǱȴС
Ȼſһ档ֻ˺ѺڰܵĺͻȻһлɳãеȥ
һ֣סЦ˱˵츳ͨҲٳһѷɽȡЦδȻֹ
ֻ֮⣬뵶ӳͬʱ죬һӰٿȻʧ
ˣ
ʧȥӰһ˲䣬롣
սУΨһ;Ȼأߣ
ڰ֮УѰֵЩδ֮ʣϵһ
һæµļдҲֻͣеķĿȫǡƤ鴤ŭ
ǡڴʱɱȻͷһҪܡһĿѴŹ֮ƺȻ޴Ӷܡ֮УæӶ˫ȭӦԡ
顪
һʵڣĵݺܵ˫ȭ֮ϡɲ֮䣬ɽһ㸲£ֻأƾ׺䶥ٲҺһ͵ȥ
֮УһҷĿ棬еһ
Ȼûӡ
ܻȻ֮ʣǰвѨȵ׾Ǻֶβôˤȥ׶༪١Ʋסҡ
дĺȻһĹת˲Լҵķ̧۳ǸƾðӰҴһƳתֱ£˳Ƽһʧ׹еܸץ˻
ɲǣһܣȴδ׷ǳ·мһڡ̤꣬ת˲ʮǿʯ֮ϡ
Ѽд̵ڹƤ϶˲֮ɫԾδ䲢޴󰭣ܾ¡˵ˣŻˣʲǵȵ׵ĺ֮Уûʲô״ա
ϢܽعǿʯӰɵðҡҡͷ
һΪĺֻһǼһﾹսɾ֣Һη˵㲻תΪʤѲ·硣⻹һжδ֪
ûţܴ죬һʱû˶־һѵȥͷ˳ųǰ޺˵ѣ˺ûΪһЪϢ֮أδ䣬תһԣ޹ط˵Ȼ˴ͬУһΡ
дǸ׳꺺ӣܰգʾ⣬漴ᣬӦ͵ֳǣ˲С˹һֺη
һ̤ʯѪȴɫ̬Ȼһװǻƣм°һ˦תȥʲŵĶСȴ˻תĺڰ֮УĪȻ


1194 һͷ
о׻˵úã㶵ģ㶵²Ҫġ
仰֮κһطеͨ
˵ˣһֲҪĶ־ȥʵֵá˵ʤ֮ѣȴⲻһۡĪСʧ󣬲Ѱ̽棬ȵȡ
д໥һ·ؽһ˺ڰ֮С
Ƭ֮һӰʧˡѨӦǧ֮˸䣬ȥĪ⡣
أԳֵţͬһƳڴʱߴ΢΢һ£̶ɫ΢䣬͵ſһѪݺݴŴ̧̯ơὦ䣬ɫѪδĿģ
ǰ估ʱ˼ǿл֮£ֻȴЩ֧Ųסˡ
߬ƣüɱһֿǣ̬Ա
ɽкηǰӲˣҲӣòһŵأһѪ
һϥͷ͵ض
ʱˣްЪϢһѰǰ
һʱ֮ʯվǾã
ܵͨѰȴйĺ֮вԿ
ԿΪõԵʡڵ֮𣬿¾޶ԼЪϢȻ
ǰδ쳣в֪ӵ˵ʲôط
ֱֳǰȥ£ʹͬظȥ컺һǸϵǧ֮⡣
Ȼȥ·ڴһա
Ѩʮɿǳӣͬµһ蹵û޾ĺڰ֮С˴ССʯ¡ᴩյĽݣ֪Ҫͨ
ͽһʯ֮ϣǰ
ǽ赲ԵʣҪôǶѨ;ת£ʶ֮ȻӰ
ͣŸ·洦ɼŵĵطû˺֮ǡһȥʱδȥķڽ³εĽ֮Żء
Ƭ̣Ѩ龰˲ͬ
żǰȥͻȻҪʹΪ֧һȴ䲻׹ȥɫһݣǿгʮһʯȴɼ䲻͵ػӳȥ

һէбϡ֮Ϯ䲻ݻ
ڿմ𣬻ӱۺӣתʯ֮ϡ˲ܵΣסƺһߣµİѱɲˡ
һֵļһô۶ˣʵϧԺ󲻷ϴմơ
ϵ̧
Ѩ³ˣǱģɴǰȥʮɣһСʯȥԶӦǴ˴һʯ澹ȻվӰд˭ȥʮɣƾһʯĪ⡣
µĲԶȻһϵĶڣʯݽȥȥ
ֵ˹֮ʣԶһ⵽ĶǻͷЦԳ
ѣΥˣǰֵõ
Ǹ𣿻ҷϸ⵽Ӧ
ᣬĬĬЪϢ
ѨˣӦǾͷһС·̣ȴƳأΨƾǿķΪܸմСҪִٶ£ʵ̫סѹһֻ϶Ҫ֪Ѷˣ
ܼӦپȻζתǰεҡҡͷ˵λǰæŸ·Ϊֵܡ
λǰָǳӡӸɡΨʧȥȻ׷ȥûӰһѵУ˼ֿ
ǾǧĶд̻Լķһ䣬ںػӦҶԼأδزһԾ֮ѡ
˵Ŵ֮䣬һʮ֮Զգ̧żʱȴһǵסȥ·
óȻǰ˭;ֱ׹ŵæ˻·кաԭزǳ֮ƣд˵㾫ٶϼء
ʱھЪϢ
ܻͷһۣмغֳʾ£ǰȥʮɣͷһ֪ȴգӰٿȻһ䣬һͷ˶ĺɫޣǱףֶ̣̬֫죬䲻ͳ˻Ȼ𣬱һ޴ĺʯ͵طգѨ񷶥νƾˣ
дУߺ꣬ʦҲ
˫ۣɫڽǸܲǹ֮壬ԳЦ
ת˲֮䣬ѷɳȥԶٽѨ񷶥һ̣׹ĿʼԶƸ¾ʮ⣬ֿɼǿ֮ĩǰɴ󺰵д̣һ֮
֮ͬʱдͻȻڵʯڰգӰٿȻһ䣬ǻһͷɫߵģŽʮɵȥת˲ѴڵܵϷȣͬͷ٣ȴȻ˦ĳβݺ·Ĺ걳֮ϣ漴ڷɶת֮ϣűΣһǺЦлʦֳȫ
˰㣬ȫ͵صȥŭдСˣҵֵܡδ䣬ɴС׳˶˲ʧ·֮С
д̵ģܴٱҪԵü³çڹؼʱ¶˱ԣһ㶼оһأΪŴŴ͵ضĶ·ڵĮȻ飬ĵֵΡ֮⣬ֵܾӺģ
⣬ɫĿֵУʵš
顢顢顪
ѽ˭
ڴʱѨ·δƽͻȻڣ֮顢顱죬űĲҺתһ׳˶ĺӰڶǡýӽǰǿʯ侪֮У˳ƻӶǰצ͵رס˹⻬ʯڡꡱ죬ǷɽܲˣƴǷʯ֮ϡ
Σд̽ĿȻ
һڹ֮󣬻ֳܵӰȴǱ˺ۣǻѪǱģſʯ֮ϣµؿ·ת̻Ĺˣ޽ҵһڣ漴ϵļдûƲȿȡƲᣬ˼£ŭ
ǳ׼ڵ֮ͻشͷ鼱𣬾һҪƤ츳ˣֻ׶༪٣
д̲ȻƬ̣ӵվЩΣȴ͸ż֮ϲ̧˵ʦּ࣬Ȼϣв֪㷽к㡭䲻ָµ·ʵֽ
ϾƽϣأԾƨſţδ˵һͷ


1195 ֵܱ
Ѩĺ֮Уһͷ
Ǿһͷֻ֪֪ܲԷǿ֮ʣԼм֮㱻ɱʱ֣ˣ˵һһţ츳ͨʱʩչ˼£Ȼ
˭ΣĹͷԼһţ
ܴſţţͳһѵҩУ˲öЪϢָдŭѡһǵ޲ڹȥѰԷƴˣҲпԭˣ벻Ҳ
дҲ⣬ǸֻЩίطһ䣺ʱ㣬ҲһšֵܿȵȻ˲Ϊѵд
ҲͿˣ
Լ᲻ȳһţԼñˣ˭Ĵ
ҰգնҪ跨ݺݿһأ˶ҲԵĴ
ܻˣǰӣҪдڶ԰غȥԷ̹ϵشӦЪϢʱ򶨻ʩԮ֣ȵȡ
һûãһԳֳ˺ֵܣ
ʼԹֻۣۻҡ
ѨаصĹ£µ׽ԡĿ֮£ǿסԭֵ˵ֻһ֡
ϲ⣬ǵգֻǿɶ
վ۹͡ǰԴΪչ½ǣһͷҷ޷ƻȻһ䡣
ЩѨڵˡ
д±ϣźֵܵı֡Ҫǿзɶɣмҡҡͷȴͷһת̧ٳһѷɽɭȻĹâ֮ǰֹƱҪɱĳЩ˵ķǷ֮룡
ǿ͸λֵܵΪˣӹ𣬷͵صͷкתǣתأȴ˼дһأȰĪϹˣǺǡ
ɣţҪȺԽʮɡһ֮󣬷ִܵڵǿʯƣҪûȻ;ްҪԽһʮɶյִڣֻвĪ˵ҪǸд̵ĳһС·̿νأ
ֻЦδ䣬סɴ˫ۡ
Ȼţǽµһʮɳߴϸʯ΢΢һ顱һӰ߸ߴֻ˫ۺӣȻ˲ѴʮԶƣӰͻȻƮŹâ˸֮ǣȻһצİһ߽ҫ
Ҳ
ʧ̾һ漴ɫ䡣
ɵֱӺ;еʯȫ޽ƣ˲ѵǰŭĿ룬˫ǣףӲצ޲͸ŽɱƣԲλֲֻ࣬̿
ԭػģʱȴֻܡ֮أǡ׵壬Ѳ룬ѽһſȥ֮ɲǣ֫ڿն𣬽סһ۴С
ٿȻҡŲ֮ʣβ͵һ˦ǽܸ˳ȥȥƲͣʯһ㣬ֱʮȥ
дյذŪŷɽһ򵱹Īļơǰ󲻹ϢĹһӰʱĿɿڴ͵һ£漴˶ȥתԶǵʯݵĶڡ
֮ɲǣһȻϮٽʯ֮ɷǾˣ
д̲ŽܵǰӱܣæһԶδȥȻһۣϡ顱Ĵ죬˶ʱײ˳ȥۡһѪȻס
Ǿһֻצ࣬Ӳ絶ҿֻԴȻر˺ɷ顭
дڰգԽңһɫĿɽſβģ㱻žһ¡ڣ˲ûӰ
ƵһȦӰٿȻ仯һƽ׳¡عԭģǰ¸
°֮£ɡеļд̣ʧһ㡣ԶȴצʯĶ
ꡭꡭ
ѭȥԸ⡣
ʮ⣬ܽʯ˫ֻצҧгݣɫӽŤţʯطſ£ľ￴ֺõ˻СйСˡ
Իȴѩϼ˪Ǳβ˦˳ȥֻڽӣ˭ϲδֱ׹ѨǿʯԡǴɣþæŴ˵ƴץʯ۵òȥֿ˳ûѣæʾ⡣·йдǸСˣ
ǹӲдᣬתͷȥ
ڴʱ·ĶѨ˶
ֻһ֮УͻȻдһʮɵɫ
Ǽд壡ȻգŻ˵ȫԸ԰׳֮ʣȴ͵ز˼£ű顢顪졣֮˲䣬Լɼٴδɫ塭
ſţƵԡæսͣ²ѣΧд̵岢ʮɣȴףǣצɷ׺ݱ뺷Եģд̲Ǻľޣ߶ѡȴǷޣһĽڡϣν֮𰡣ǰҿԼѣȻ
ǡ顢顱죬Χļдм˻һ漴û֮СƬ̣ٲðӰͷȴֳ漴˫˫ͷ­֮ϵ΢΢⣡Ǻǿߵ񾴣ֻ߲еĤݣ
ԣȴ̧һӡֹвŭ
ͷãƵƵףת໥Ƭ̣漴˫˫ʧ֮С
أԳ·ĬĬͷЩʧ䡣
ǰ²󣬹ﲢǻͷǼһĪ˲⣿ֵܣ໥ӺƵСˣǸεգ빲
̧ۿ·һ
ǰֳδؿԵִ˴ΪѰһͷв£ֻҪ̽Ѩľ¶ڱСһ·Ѱ٣Ϊ
תɫɻ
ڵĶʮ⣬һºصʯڡнݲϣֱеһɶߵĶڡǶǳĪ⣬֪ͨδ
̧űǰԶδ
ѡֵܡҰ
ſʯϣһĻ̼غ漴˸߾ٵֱۣŴ̾Ϊ˴룬ټƲأֻҪڴ˴ˣԸʦջת
ĺʧ붴֮Сһʰ׶ϣһ߰䱸
֮ڣһбͨУδ쳣Ŀǰһʱͷ


1196 ʶ
һʱ
ԼĪȥһʱǰɡڰ֮⣬һϡûб仯ʯסߴ˼䣬̤һûоͷݡת֮ʣȴѿʱ·
εͣ
СǰȫУܵһлӡ֮䣬ԭ̤뵽һƬ޷ѵ֮УãȻ֪룡
ȥҪߵʱ
ǰɵѭʯһͷ֮ʣɫһ
ʱԶĺڰ֮Уһ˿΢⡣粻һŷ죬΢΢ȴעĿ
Ҫ鿴ǵ΢ٿһ̶ǴлֳһСĶ
һ֮䣬ԣ
һζǰ֪ͣЪд˷֣
棬ɣ̧򶴿ڡ˲䣬һ䡭
һѨɿʯ֧ķʮɸߵ񷶥֮ϣ˸緱ǵ㣬кĹâյͨ
ڶѨĵ룬ͻһʯ̨ߣʮɴСϼΪƽ̹࣬ȴڵܰڷžŸţһִʯֱ嶴Ѩ񷶥ʯ̨ţԼʯΪͣɢĪǿƣ˲С
˴Ǻڣ
ع
ȻâĶûˡȡ֮ģһºصʯڡѭҿȥԶжڵĺۼСһʮദ֮࣬ΪƸǶβȴǻŶѨһȦɷǹ죡
Ϊߣ˵Ļʯ֮⣬֧ܵĸʯߴһ£ȴֱֲͬΪࡢסڡɫʯƣи޲ƻ۶ĪǷ
ʯϵĵ̼ΪϤһǱ˫İ׻һצ
̧۹ĬĬ
µʯȴڣţֱȥʮǷʯ̨
Ƭ̤֮ʯߴ
˵һѨ˵һ䶴һªʧׯϵĴСһ·ѰĪĴʵĵطȻˣΪβӵԼͷӰ
ߵ˽ݵľͷҪ̤ϻʯ̨ȴ΢΢һ
ʯ̨ķܵĸʯңӦŽٽǿȻʹηǰ
顪
ڴ˲Ȼ֮ʣһ촫ʹֹѭȥ
ʮ֮⣬һйâðӰΪ׵ǸʿΣɫλߣһ׳һƤںڣܶʧģ
ǲˣǳ£Ӹɡ˵һĶڣת֮ʧڽƵĹâ֮¡
λĸ֮ʣͬĸ⡣еĳֻǳԴһۣתӸȴͬʱʵ
㡭
Ϊβд̵ĵ
дɾڵΪѷһǰ߲ӰȴȻ˴ӸɵŸԵĵӣΪ˶˼ֵɻ
£֣ʴ˵顭ûȴֻһʵ飬޷ҪƲԼĸϵΪģԼǲĸˡ˴˵ط꣬ԼδѰطͷǼһȻӰѲ˼дһ³
ŵôԣӸɲδɣ漴ֲ޽䱸һֱ꣬˴һЦһ˵ֲֵܡһ˵Ȼˣҽǳ
Ӧһʣȴֲԡ˷٣Ϊദ
ѵһǰ
Ӹɹ˲һԣڲԶ
Щ಻ס˵˼жʮദҲ̽һջ΢ηƽ
Ӹһ˵µĶ֮ڣŴ档ãԵǳ
¼ӳδȰ˵ԭⲽĸʯʾҿǷ֮ȸڤ֮䣬˫֮׻ݵ֮˼֮Ǭλɣ˴ʵĶ
ӸͷʦԼǣ
תӣЦּʶ㲩ҵԶҲǰ˼ɣ֮飬¾ٻԵ
Ӹ͵ɴ˴οԶ߾죬¶ǡñҵȣǺǡ
һһͣⲻƿ˴Ľƣ벻ӵ
ӵ۹⵭һƳ˵ʲŵڣͬ衣µĽƾҪ̸֮ס˴˿˫漴һʮķٿȻȥǸĶȴ޶
״¼Ǻá
ӸɵоһΪ֮ƣǿ֮

λʱǽ۹ܵһĶڡ
ֲôǰûзԭѴ붴Ѱ٣ڽƲȱȴȥ˸ԵټӦûջ񣬲ҪǿƽµĽƾһ㡭
תѨһʯ˵ͷ֮ĸһͨ죬죬ȸһߺڼ壬ߺһΪ䡣׻ȸ䣬ԶĴޣв֪֮һһʯڴк⡣
³ϴһ֮⣬Լһ޶Լϴһͣ
뵽˴ס˿꣬׿ЩתǰĻʯ̨
ⷽʯ̨ĪʵĴ붨֮أһ˰ˣΪҪռþŸţʯƵŸǸʯӣһķм䣬ʯ̨Ȼһ壬ʵ˲
λ˺ʯ̨û£ԼΪβ͵ز鿴һء
̧һֻţڻʯ̨֮ϡ֮˲䣬һǿѭ׻Ȼֱ͸֫ٺʹ˲ɵһԼתµҲ޲֮ͣ٣̤ǰС
֮ͬʱԶ˻ͷһֲۣΪȻرȥе»ЦһСԵʾ֮أ
ʮɵʯ̨һȾ񷶥Ĺâӳϣǡ緱ǵʡϣǿյ֮Уں֮⡣ʵ֮䣬ʹԼ˼ĳȻ
ʯ̨ĵ룬̧ͷ
̨룬شһʯɴϸֱ嶴Ѩ񷶥ضָߴ󲻷ϲ޵Σͨ⻬ɢŽƹۻб˼ֵׯ¡
Ƭ֮ƲȻ۹ǰɫ档
ʯ£ڷһʯӰš
꣬ǲԡתȥȥѰ٣ȴͻȻعͷ
ͬʱʮ⴫һ졭


1197 
¶ˡ
ԲǿĪĽƣǿƽ֮⣬;
ڳӵĬ֮£ºݺݻһȭȭѸͣ׺˲仯һźɫĿ磬Ĺƣ顱һ죬ǵ֮ϡ
֮ɲǣΪƸǵʯһâǽɴĶԿȻз֮Ϯ֮漴ǿƱȡѹҵʱһ˺죬Ϊˣ
Ӹзʱܡ
ȴ׵壬ɵֱײϡºڹƺ͵غԶſվΣ䰲Ȼȴɫ죬ųӸԹΪԹۡ
Ӹûд𻰣ֻ˶ǰΪרעǵƽĽƣȴԽߵ
򵭵طʵɵг֣Թ۽ƵСмƽϣкβס
ɫһͣԶԣȴǳӸɺݺݵһۡӻ˽ģλֵʵװģ
Ƴҵˣ۹һ˿м΢΢Ц԰꣬Һԡδ˵꣬ȴǺתӸо죬˫˫ס
Ѩʯ̨֮ϣĬȻվֳĶᣬֻܵͷѡ
ԹƵĴû˭ٻȥ׳ԡˣ罫ķǰʯƵţĪ澲
ǡڴʱ˺ǳ⣺ΪСţҵƽڼһ֮
ǳӣ룬ɫвɡǼľֹЩ죬˼Сģ
ӸЩ⣬˵ҵ̨֮ϲ޷֣ǡһСֺεºܡ
ȴתָ˵Ѹ߼ʱ˵أһС¡Ļаȴֲ޷֮⣬ǽ˷ŵһ
תȥ
ûλˣ϶ԷԼ
ҪӦ˳ӣĪĽȻͷһͦľȻ飬̧˵¶ƣЪϢһ
һСҲк
󵨣ɫһ߳һϢ֮ڣٲϷ򶨽֮أ
һĿ޳СʵǷ̡ܽӸɼӷûһ䣬Ϊߵسʾʦ֣һƣĺʱ޷֮
¶ӸɵֺδȴһЦ˵ȻˣʦܻǰȥɱСʱ
һϢת
ȴһƨȥ֪ΪΣ΢΢һ̬꣬Ա仯Ϊ޵ǰŻġЪϢ쾭塣˭ҡһ̣ȵضʯ֮ϣְŵȻȻûλԼŵĻϡ
ǹȻƣ
ӵкһһץһǰĽâƿն漴ɱֱʮ̨Хȥ
Ӹɲδ֣ɫɡçһ޷һѡֿԣʹȻ
֣һɵĹǵضգܡһη壬ҶɣȴɫãȻʲһ˲䣬ǣʹ˿Դ󷢶޿֮֡УкΡ
䲻ݻͻ䡣
顪
̨֮ϣ˵â𡣳ĽâҪԽ֮ʣ͵ؿķ˳ȥ˵âȻԳƣǽһʯ̨ĪƴڶһĿϾ
ӡӸɣλ˽Ȼ
ǰ˵ą̂ϵİ˸šԶԶȥƾն˸Ө׵ʯת֮䣬״ֻµ֮ϣ̸ֳһӰ
˸ţֳֻվӰӰʵò̬вͬһΪߣȴ鵭ȻһΪ׳꺺ӣִ֫Ʊ뺷һΪ縶˽˫ĿգΪز
֮ɲǣ̨ĵһâǽԼǸߴʯС
ΣӡӸ
ö룬дµĽԵӰΪáΪ࣬б
δлع̨֮󶯾
ϡ
һĳէȻѨ΢΢
ȻһæȥòѰç
̨֮ϣ쳤𡣵ܰ˵âŷ֮ʣһǿµпӿ֫ٺอ֮䣬ʱʹѡ֮Уֻŭɳ졣һʱԳ֣𣬻ȻعģѭǸߴʯϣѣҡͷβ
ڴʱ
֮ʣʯͻȻһƵĹâټȻһ٣ǽͲ״縡ȴʯȻһ塣ߺһɲǼ䣬ѨҡĸʯͬʱâĳҡĿẮ쭵ɱķ񣬴ķ۲̨ԼңӦɷԲ֮ڶʱһƬĪ֮¡
˺׹ϵĺ֮УһʱԳ֡
ʱĶͻȻȻ졣ǽǿ޴ƽĽƾȻһ漴ðߵӰһߴ뷢Ұףϵ͸żֲȻһλò£ͷ԰ȴΪ׺Ϊŭȵ˴ҽء
ͻȻλߣһǶڵĸˣ
һһ˿Ρ
Ӹŵòϡ˵˴ʶĶҼΪض֪λ˭
µĺѾǻ⡣ǱӸƭˣرײƣ׶༪١
λ߲ŽѨڿҵѻͣ˲δųֳߣǻܣתǰԼŹеӰ˫˫Ŀ㵡һʧתޡȱĪʦ˼ҵĶѹһ˵˵ͷȴִżĪȻʦܿɻǵãϲ
ԭλ߾µĵӣˣ
ĪĿ־Ӹɶʱ˲ö룬æ̨ĵǰ
²󣬸ŹС˵ʦֵⴳ˵أǰմͬͷ䡣Ѱ·ֻ±ɣ
֮ʣûһͫ΢ɫ
ߣǰĪˣϷǰԡ
ϷϿ


1198 е
ǰԣϿʵĴմеλ۷һĴڣĵǰˣ
գǷ㵻桢ధҲδܼôλˡ
´ʱ粻й֮ʱԷץסĪ˵ԿֱѰ·
в²⣬һҵõӡ֤Ӹŵɫʴӡ˭λһǰһ󱨳Լҵ֮һİɤ𡪡
ϷǰԼ𡭡
ѨһƬž
ʯϵһͬµ񡣶׸ȴԣ֮Ȼ
ӸɽĿɿڴսսֹס˵ĽŲȴһں
ˣڳǰԼǺ⣿
ǰϿҲ˫˫һ
ʯ̨ǻܵӨ׹֮УʣӰеһλ߾Ȼ˫ۣ˵Ϸçʮأһػһչɣ͸ĪĻ뵭Ȼַ룬˵ϷԷ֮ڰ꣬ͬĶ֪ͬ塣ȻڤһǽšǷкηء
ߵģԭмƣټ߳ĺ룬Լʱ˿̵̸ֹϤ
ǰǻ˫֣ľڴ飬ỽʦ𡭡
߶ܵĶȻδ˵޷çķ׼ţԼľǳԡиҲΪĶ辶
ǰԽסعͷгɡ
ϿͬһضλߣΣȻͷ˵Ϥ֮ٲδʹ˶աҪͻɡŶ֮١ԵδΪˣʦѰۿġʾã򡶾תޡ֮ԷתԵ־תһɶɶ֤˴ֲ޾ʾзеӰʦԴһľ֮ҼΪֻʦѴ󹦸ɡ
̨һ࣬ɫ졣
ӸأһԻ̼ѰǶ˵󣬺Ȼ֮ϲ
ڴʱ̨֮ϵĻȻֹߵӰȥǻһĪֱʯȥϢ֮䣬ʯ¹âƵ佩ͲԭɵȴȻɾĺڡ󱳵һĿ
ǰͻȻʲôʦѵǣԺδ
Ͽַ룬Ե̾ǲ֮һһеߴڡʦ֮ʣд˻ԵС֮ͽͲֵһᣬΪʦ߶λһȻ
ǰЩʣ˵ǱʦľΪСɡ
Ӱʧһ˲䣬Զһâ˳ǰΪ𣬰ХķΪк쳾ңȴʮأڿɽĹڴˡ
ӰеӣģףԹ˵ױʫ飬ƾ֮ȴⲻһŭ֮Զɽ򣬵þоţֹͬȻ΢΢ЦֵɽȤ˵ԣһУϾ죻¯ʱϹ·ԶģҶУ벻壬ˮ䣬Ӱ֪պȪߣԶγδѣˣһ쳾Ƽ䣻ţ⣬ɷСǺǡ
һ⾳ԶĻ䣬ӰȥתһȥʯһâƵʯ̰ĶҲΪȴٴηǣתɾĺڣȻ쾳ĳСɡŭ֮Уʹ಻
ѽǰ΢΢ݣס˵֮Ϧ֮䣡ʦԲ飬ʦԨԴǻˣֻѱδ˵꣬һѽ⡣Ǿž京岻Ļνľ־磿̫
ϿҲǳ˿ΪȻص˵ͷ
˰׽ͬͬԴѡ
Ͽ˵̨ʾǰʦԾ죬ȴ;ͬ飬һǳ֪һԺδг򡭡
Ȼʧ֮ǹâеһλʱ˫ۣתڷ˼ңϲʫ֮רó¶ݣ۳ҽʮء֮ݺ꣬ȴһȺС֮Уյɻ顣һˣ޸޷Ǽ򵥵֣
ǰϿЩ⡣ߣڷϵĴڡȻݺ޵УСƶɵأνǺ⣿
׳ɫưǰӦǸ䱳˫֣ĮȻؿǰʯԹ˵ұ̥жתȴһλ游ȣԡڴˣǣʹҺ쾳粢ɹЦЦ˵λһ游ּ׳ĸȴָһҵ۸ΪǿĴСȴĵΪ˻ҵĸԴ
̨࣬Īת游һ˭
ʷͻ֮ʣѰԪҪĴУȴǼ϶áҿ󲻵ãŭɽţҾʹ˷Ŀɳ𣡡˵Ǹ¬ΪɶһССĹȴͽԾӣΪ볤ݽҴˣҪֱܴ衭ֻԶ磬Ա˭©ΪáԷԪ۲˵ĴСΪˣҹһ׷٣׶񣬾Ԫ۵볯͢ʿΧǺǡ
̵ļ仰תһĿĥѡǺǺһЦ˵ּԪۣνҲ桢Ҳ棡һʿϦȴÿÿˣһʴȣʵ󼺡ԡɷİ·е仰һת˵λڴԣΪɺϣҲԵֲǳҪ֪ϷԹȡ･˵һ䣺򣬻ǡ
˵Ӱһ˲һʯĿĹâ֮УΪѿڵĴ֮伹֮ߣ˸˸ԶԶȥɷ첻
˲䣬ѨңӦĸʯ֮âʢĵͬɳĻʯɫâȻһ壬֮Ϊһ㣬ѴﶴڵԲ̨֮ϵľŵȴһһɢȥ
ǰϿԶʯȴ
̨һӰޡթ֮ͽȻˣ
ǰԺһӣǼ𡣱Ͽ⣬˫˫ɹ̨ת˲ûʯ֮С
֮ͬʱİͨһâ漴ֳ˵Ӱеĳɿ˫֣ε˵ʶһڴˡҸ
ӸɱΪڽӣû뵽ӻк֣סϲæл͵˶δ䣬һâٿţԷֻһЦգۼûӰҵ飬תѭͨ۶ȥŽãߣӡ
ڳȥѨͣܵʯҵѻָԭ״ǵĻʯҲû˶Ψ϶Ƿ
ǡڴʱʮнȻðһ׳䶫֮תʯ˵ֵܣӹȥʲôסЦϴڡ


1199 ʮ
žĶѨ֮УͻأЦ
䲻Ļͷһˡ˳ƻӶһƣĶ˲ڽ֮Сתǰͷֵشкֵܣʱ
𣬺ХǹҫĶѨʱΪ֮һ漴ӰŲһӰ
ͷסɴ˫ۡ
Ǵʯ顱һڵϣȴˮɫĮȻһˣĿһ㡣֮ǰߴԵøΪǿΪԲڶ֮ھǱƵ͸
ͷգۣԴֵܡ
ͷĮȻɣȻ
Ϻǣءͷˣʱһͦզ˶Ϊ㲻ϵ㻢ˡ
ɫһһѴ̫ľ¶Żͷִ̧ϵãǰȥ˺δ仰û˵꣬תɻϴʵڣͬͬ߶Ҳ
ߣƵоֹоֵ֮еĹУ
ҵĺֵܡͷʶţһŻοЦݣһöںʾѽ˵صξ£תϴһԼ˾Ųʮʵڣֻ̧еƣ޵ط˵дµĽƣֺγûȥ·Ҫͷ˵١
ϸļһ˵ĲĪ֮أΪҪȻ߷أֻ߶ѣ
ɻ󣬸űһĶڣѵƽֶΣ˴һһ鿴Էеǰʯǣ벻רƽһѨзĶʮദβҪʱȥٲײԷݡ
ͷ⣬б˲ռˡеƳǰһӣٽĶϹâŤ£漴ֳһĻڡͷҲأһ˹ȥ
ֵƣһʮɴСɽ֮Сıڿտգȴھͷһڵȥ˲ҪǰȴԼͬת
ŷĶڣһࡣֻ̨֮϶һӰѰ٣żܽţλʦֺڣ˭ôأһ
һŮӣģȴǶԲĸ֣ɢųҵ뽾ɱȻǸΪѲ
ֵܣһؽͷߡ
ͷ͵кһֳԭ˫˫ʧȥӰֵ߲ȥĶѨֶӰ
ǰϿȥԵлֱץһˡǻͷڴˣȻϵáʧֱӸʦͽԱΪ˫Ŀն²ʡд̻ȴһӡ
ֵ֮ʣ£˫˫һ
ŮӾϲʦ֡ҪӭȥȴֹԹԭء
ǰԲδŮӣΪؿſտҲʯ
Ͽ΢΢ͷͬǳʯĬĬʧ
ֵ꣬һۣ˴˵ѱϾ˵ֱһڵĶڡŮӲԣȥ
һ˽˶ڣһͨ漴ִһߴʯ֮УȴȥƲͣת˲֮䵽һڡŮӸ˴ʯϵġ֮桱ĸƳһۣһԿǰ֮ǰĿɽƺ֮ϣѾۼ˲ٵӰ쾳ϵΪǶĸ־ʮλһֱ뺷쳣
顪һͬʱˤڿյϣȻʯͷĻѡ
Ͽַ룬ǰ֮ǰȸ˽ԱϹϾ۹ӹܣٸҷģʮΪءߣޣɱۣ
˺ȻӦŵ漴һȥ
ϿֵǣѲи
ӰһӦٷ𣬽߳һ㡭һͷƿնֱȥ
Ƭ̣ǰʯƺֻʣ±Ͽǰԡ
ȻڵϵˣѸԴӻȴɫãȻֻ̻޴롣
Ͽ⿪˵Ľƺ
ǰǰ߳Gߡ꣬Դһ֮Уһ׵ǰȴôزĴУȻǷʮ֮ߡɱֵǲǰԭίʵ֮֮֡⣬ҪGնɱ
⡣Ϊ꼰£ʵ˲
δſڵϡ˴ֲ˵ֻ̧²ѡԭʯΪһط³˾ʦҲץˣΨеѡ
ӸԾδŵһ£æڵĵҵ˹ƻһʱ֪ôӺ˵
ǰڵµɽһ·ӣ˭ϡͿ֮±ʧܡ֮ɵʵȴݡ˵Ǳƭˣ˭˵Ǳأ
ǰԲҪϿʱʵһмˣǸʿԺδ
ʵӸɸһӣͷԼӣһˡǧģʶԨݲꡭ
Ͽüһ˼
ǰȻԳһˣˣһȥ˺δԺη
½Ŵҵ뻢ͷ죬ֻ;żŽͬСԳıʿһ٣ǱߵֵӲʼٸߣһǧʿԶ֮ң˴Ȼػģʵֻϧֵʶ˲
Ͽ£ǳŽǰ˵ӲһѰʿȴԻ𶴸ָƣȻǧѲ˸ϵҼ¡Ǹ뻢ͷԺηݷŹʾ£漴εضֱ⡣
ǰԶڱϿȥ޶ԣֻ۹ڵ˵ɨɨȥ
ֻú⳹ǣȴ޴ӶܣֻӲͷƤĵҵأԸֻܷӸԼܣ֫ض¾ģյ³Σֻˣ
ǰĬĬˣ÷صɶáԪ泤ղΪ԰գǷȥ
ľ⣬̧ȥǡڴʱŷٿȻʱѽû
ǰʯǰͣת£µĵӸôذ벽ߣһ
֮ǿУÿﶼӰѲ߮
ʮ֮޵һѱǧ޸ָΧ޵ˣ
һµǼԦޣǿس۳ңһʱⲻѣһϤӰǰæһ߿޷˹ȥʾʦ֡
ϿնԼԶתųʵз֡
һգӳġǵ֮⣬˳ֵСô׷ȥ컹أӲҵġݺս˲ȭͷüɹһĨɷ
Ͽһ۲ֵСʦãҡҡͷַ룬ٴɫطԸȥķʮꡭ


1200 ͷͽ
ҹɫٵʱȫһƬڰ֮С
𣬱˷ţʰѿ䣬ʰ׵ˣѭŴСɽȥ
ڵĴ䱻ٻļªֻЩۡЩյĹɽ˼ңڣˮܹ˻ȨһеĽಮʱ˵úãԵ¿̵࣬⡣ء
һ·Ͼĵģûʲôˡһʱ˼һСɽС˴ܣںڲָͣɫ˲䣬ܴO@Ķһ󼱴ٵĽŲ֮ӿ׳˶ӰһĻﻹƤӣỽֵܡܴ硭
ӦЩݵĺӼΪϤǴк漴ֵĲףֵֺαء
ûӦһ˻Ƥӡ
ܸųĬ˻εҡҡͷ漴ֽƤһץڼͷ˵һͷĪҹɫ֮У˲ûӰ̲ס̾ٽ飬ʮ̳Ӿƣһ㣬
ҹХӰɡ
ܱٽǽý쳣죬һԾԶ;ɽ·ԼϪԳһƽ
ʱ֮ѵɽͣЪֱӴһصɽ֮Уŷ±ƤӣͨһڵϣѲͷĺˮ˷ܵʦ
ɽɣʮɴСֱͦͦŵ֮⣬յɶҲûС
ǰʱȥɽžȻֻܵĴϢʵʵţɫڴɡ
ˡ
ڴʱһ⡣ǲڶϵĲȼ
һֱͦЩǽסֿǣʧʦ仰δ䣬΢΢һھƽðӰæӣԵϲߵݵӼʦ
ͻˣͷ߲ࡣһ룬ԲǱ뺷ģһǸΪᣬȴֹȶŭǰ֮ʣǵЦһͷҲеӵǽϴ֪ˣ۶ʲѡ
лͷȻٴΰݵʦ塭
ڵϵܣƤǰ궯˫֣ſˮ˵ҲյӣҲûʦֶ㲻ذҡţھϣ񡭡һƨ£ץһʳͷ㲻һ˵ӰˣֻϴЦ
ӹͷŵϵܺһ£ΪȻطʵϴƾɶЦңб¸һ̥𣿡Ƥץһ̳ƣشҿӣȡ
лʦų羴鿴ͷɢſҰٲȻһģֵӽʦҾˡ͵ȼλֵʢȴЩТ
ͷæųԺȣδ
ܽ˵ȥȫֻһȴΧŴתһȦԶȥ٣ڴ⣬δ쳣
ͷͣգۣ漴ЦֻΪڴиƨð
һʦͽƣȴް㳤ӣ̸޼ҼΪ⡣룬ƿ˹ȥԸǰѰЩҩôŹɣԺĪҪˣȥ㡭仰û˵꣬ѵҩãŵ㣬˿ɲ£
æƿСĴڻУһת˳ȥӰѸܿʧԶҹɫ֮С
صɽ֮Уѵ֮£һ´֮伣ѵܣڳԺȲѣ
һ̳Ӿ˶ӣͷ˾ãΪعһ֣ҫͽΣǷʹáӦ־ֵҿֶΡ
һⶪţͷļ򣬴ŹŹֵЦֶβˣûң
ͷ£ı۰һӲ۹бЩڵ˵ΪãҲǸ磬ĪҪֶ˹ء
ᣬ״ȣȴϷŰŨԹЦƣΪƣ֮֮ԴˣΪȻ
ϺǣΪǣѧҲǣĪҪŪˣͷһɣǲģλֵԴʷ粢Ϊƻ˸ˣʱʱûϷŪһأûûС
ǲ֣ڵƽͷƵô֪Ц磡㾹ҳЦϴû£вֶ֪Σηͽһ
һǳ𰡣ͷѲãһǱ̶ЩˣҺһɲ
ȻӦƺһ𡭡
ͷȻȴӻ磬תֿЦкֶΣ㻹֪
ֵסЦ
ϸ˵Ҫʶһ˵𡭡
ͷʯǵĳѨһ鿪Ƶƣ볾ӿʶǿ֮вļ¡Է̽·գȴת
ͷ붴֮ʣ˼һװѣװģطһҽС䱾ȴǰȻʯ֮ϣƾɾڵΪһ·ǿɣֱǰȥ
ھһСС֮ѰʵĶͷóǿƿ·Ȼǳͨ衣ϲ֮£ɨ˼Ķûãӵÿ죬ĶµǿƣԹһС
֮󣬽ǰϿǰȥ׷ɱӵˣͷ˳֪ʱشܻض֮С
ֵδԭ·뿪ѭŵµĽƷ϶ԶȥδӳԹȣһƬң֪ѣתΣѰ֮ǰʯǳѨһǴĹ
ȥǳ֮ƣ跨̽ϵĶΪأֻΪġֵٲçײ޴ȥķȫȣһѰЩֵ̽̽ϾѳƹʵĵѰ꼰޹Ҳ˵й¶Լҵĵϸٽ˹ⲻȥ
ҵǣƫƧѱٻСӰɡ
ܵȺͻȻȿѵ˻ˣ־ϲæߵݶˣȵȣ׸ԡ
ͷܵ˹ףҲѪϣʱ֮£ųֳȫһ֮£ｫܵȼ׳һ𣬸ÿǿйȥһöҲֶΡ
ɽĺӹȻǿס˵ڡΪӵҲŽڵΪδķ˵ˮûֱ֣֮Ƿǵ³
ϣ¶״ĺӿɱˣ
ͬһصɽڣͷƾܵڵȥΪȻعֱ֡꣬ʺء
ʵʶѲȴǰۿżĺӾҪĲ֮£㲻˻ͷǿгְһһȥ֮˭еȴø˷ëϴ貢̥ǣЩ
⻹ǻԵĪ⣡
ԼΪ˻֪Եϲ֮£æͷݣһغʦ
ͽҲû뷲н
ͷȴһ֮ѪһȣӡΨй¶٣ԷÿǰһΡ˵Ǵڷ˵þТ


1201 ٲ
ɽڣͷԶ
˵ǰڷһСѶö򣬼ʯӡ
ͷŵЦݣָ̧һ£ֵط˵ʶãһ壬ֵܷˡ
ûҲԹ˴ܡ⾲ŵɽʯûˣͨԹȵĴҲˣȴȻʧΪصڡЩʵǽľߣֻҲδѰ˴
ͷ˵㰵յضȥǳԶ֮ơʶΪӦһһơʾµһЩ飬һˡСţβڻ¡ʮʯ̫࣬㹻ֵܷ󡭡
λǸǿˣʮʯ˵ֵ֮ʰ׵϶ͷġֻ뿪ģǰؽ硣˴˸һ֮أ˵Ѱϴ󣬹
˼ƽϣ޷Ƕڵ±˶¡ķӵҲ򵥣Żֵͷ£һȥؽᡣ
ջ۹⣬һһŵϵ򡣡־¼źʷĴ¼ǡ챾ּػɬѶżƪģ޹أػľܱԼµΣǽ˿סԵ¼˼ھεСš
֮⣬ʯһзֱװʮʯ
ҡҡͷ赭д˵ԲȵĶҪãǡ
ͷĻвαں˵ģֵܵģҲֱ˴ˣҪ֮չУԷȴ˵ϴΪֵܣνپ˼ҽ򣬼ʯµĹУ
ϣǴ⡭
λϴܣ⼸ʯһˡ
ͷһӣūѾͷ׷ϴʵףֵúôٲһݣΪūһߣʲдһ˵俴ɻʣ㲻żʯ
΢Цŵ٩Ŀ˵Ϊ뻢Զռˣ
ƣղĿ࿴λײԵ֮ȴƲˡΪ˲𣿻ͷƤһ۵䣡Яߡ

ֵ£ȴδçײڿȵǻ˼գ̽Ĵ
ʱ꣬ǿ֮ȻӰѲ߮ɴ˿ɼµĵǲϰݰ
һʱ޻ɳãֻѰȥϽ䱸ɭϣȴ©
ֵȥΪתȫȣһصɽڰ¹δ״˱ڶһװһɽԻǼ٣߲ġ
˴ڵĴ⣬в꼰޹
ܵϤʦȫȰ仧Ȼϲ⣬رһˡͷȴӵΪ̫ÿÿһͨԶִݲһſϷת
㣬תȥ
յŨ֮£һ֮У泯šֱۣ˯˯̬СԶһУϥŻͷأ֧ģ
ҴĲߡǼĳ̫⣬ͷвޡ
Ƥ̧һ£ش㲻߳һԣϸֵĶĿ
ͷʱ٣סһơε츳ͨټ϶ԲΪиָ͸ĵϸԼɾľ磬вڹ컯֮
ֵȥȻиȴ˶ֵӰ
ʱݴͷֱӡ
˵ÿգжֳһءҵȵȣԷ⡭
ͷƺûɵ̱ȥ꣬Բɫڴ
֮ͬʱһɤ𣺡ǰʦ
ᣬ˯һ㡣
ͷֿ죬ֳ
ܴӲԶð˳ϻһͷҰɽǰǸɽ׳ʱĽýɢŵƣٲȻǽ𵤴ɵľ磡
ͷʾ콫ɽӹ
δӦͷϵɽ򾹲ɡδ죬εؿ˫֡
µʱֽеɽ˺һЦͷִӣĪһĲ
ͷûʳӹȶһԣתıӰһڣ漴ֳ̧Ŷץȥ
ɫζʴӣͻȻط˲ѵɽ֮Сæʦ顭
죬Ī˼Ц
ͷѵ̧Ž߷ڵأͳһʾȥսӤ񡭡
ڶ̶̵֮ڣܱǿйΪ˵ܴݲУȴҲΪؽ˽𵤣ôЩʶһ۱ϳ˻ͷõԪӤʦ˵ӤҪ٣в֪Ӧ֮Ǻá
ͷܲˣһѽѪԪӤܵĿУŷ˵Զ֮ǻ񡢺öɽ٣԰ꡭֽԷһϣȵй
ɼﻹаţֻǿΪƿ֮£ڵİǺ£أҧؿ֧ţʦмÿÿҪڱ֮䣬ȴһ֪
ͷһԣӣŶ˵ɼԪӤԪ岻ѡΪȻ񡭡
Ǻǣ򲻴
Ĳ£һ߿ʳͷһ߲ΪȻЦͽ档ܿΪȴӦ֮
ߣмƽϣ
ͷغԼ̧һָܵ˫ü֮䡣ԷԱĿйܵĶȻԵõط˵ͽΪʦ仯Ӧ֮
ڵԼҵķͨʵ㵱ӣΪΣ
ͷľٶĵʱ⡣רעɷ£ʵϡһˣȻǻԵ죬ҲɾޡȻˣΪҪӲѹأ
ͷʻЩǴͽԵɣΪѪ¡ΣѹͷͦĺȻһ򣬾ǽΪ֮ݡ뵱һͷСİ׻Ҵڸ˵ıӻ
ɽû˵һʦͽæ
£ͻȻе飬̧ͷ
ïܵĲ֦Ҷ֮䣬Լ߲˲䣬绮лơ
ɫһͷ
ڴɲǣȻһ϶էй轵顱һķѡ


1202 ִݻ
ͻһƿն顱һ˲˳˵غ˲ѽס
֮ͬʱлӰ
أԶ۹бƵľһͷ˫ޣץסڴڿ̣ꡢꡱŭĿš
ʿ
һλòŮӣʮͷӡһϮĳȹƮݷһĻעĿüȴһĨɷ¸ɢųҵɱɷ׺ݵؽ߳ٲػһ㡭
۹һƳĬ
˫ȴǶ£һɽ⣬æصͷ첢ˡߣеѬˡ
ʮ⣬˵Ů߶ƮȻա߲Ӱ£ĳȹˡӦüһҪȴӰһת˲ѵǸľԼĶǰʲ;˵أļԵֲˣῴ
ɽҲۿɼһƤ޹ǣһʴصĻѡ֮⣬Ӱ
ڶڵĵϣһ鿾ȡ
ԳǵŮӺ΢΢ͷбɷ۹һĨɫתסԼӶ꣬ЦЦϲ˿ķΪĪԷ׵Ի
ʱڣ֦Ҷҡҷм䣬ҵķ
ȻŲƾһ˶ҳªͷ­ŴѵĳǰȥŮʻŲæֵ̧ȥϥͷļҶ˵ƽιʻҲ
ɫڽſڴϵΣСף
Ů仰û˵꣬Ҫȡ
ԴͻȻſݵĴݺҧ¡ײеļƣҪ¶ǡ
룬ӱ۱ǡ顱һȭ
⧲֮£ޱƴȭաʹ˻һ͵ɿƵҪܡ
𣬾̧ץס޵βͣ߳ʱ
֮ͬʱɫĹâϮ֮ŭ߳ס֡
Ѹ߸ߴһѳ𾪻ޱѭ˹ȥ
âδ˲ѱ塢ɵǡ顢顱£˻ҳһš
һе̧֣ͷһƳδûԶȥǷ£ת˲֮ûӰ
شͨˤڵϣس鴤ţٲһĴߣû˴ǰİ
ûϵֻ˵ǿִ֮£æҡâŵһϢޣɫǺؿûԹôĿ
ҷһ㣡
ҧгݵһڣ¼׷ȥ
ȻΪм죬ȴرηս಻ˡռ˱˻ӣնȻã
Ƕ²Զ漴˶ӵķȫʩչΪת˲׷һǰ
볲Ѩұκβ㣿֮󣬻û˭ҵﱾ
ѰУߣ붼ûܽ˶ڡ
ǰһ¶ѨʯңдСĶ֮ͨ˾ʮɵľͷ·ӣǻפ㿴
ȥһʮ⽿ȵģʱ۹ӹܣ޿ֵֵİȥˣһ
һڶȴŮӿһۣס΢΢üʵοҵΪҪƣ
ߣֻ֣©ձסƮȻڶѨһʯ̨֮ϣֲӸµؽ˵ڣؿɼԭѰҲһˡ˭ϡֵ㵨ˣΣ壬ɽԻµʳء
ڳȻ״˵ͷʣʱѲ߮ĪѰʲôˣ
ڰпӡɫɣʵʮֻ꣬ΪѰôصˡ㾹Ȼһ֪Īйأ
ƨ£ͻȻðһֻתĶڡ
Ƿһץָǲâ˸̤߳ߡ
תǴɾƣָ̧ǣݺݵٸ۽벽ӵȭͷŮˡһΪŵش󲽶ȥ
ǽסĿԲŭЦ
˸ˣ˭ϾǸװģСҽղ죬û˱
ǲن£͵ǰ˹ȥ׷ŶԷǸɽͻȻйâв·ޡ
֮˲䣬ѨͻȻðͷܵӰ
¶״أ˵ͷһءᣬʵ
ͷһƣЦ˫ɷǲֵܣִݻ¸¡תܣǹһЦں˵ɣʩչѧĶݷзȫȣԺĪҪΪʦĺ׹Ϊʦͷ
⻰оζܲǸɵˣͨһ¹ڵϣ۷죬֪ȻʦҪˡ
ѽ²йㆪ£ͷͷذڰ֣˵ɣɣԺΪ֮תһԷڵĶֵΪгɣ֮աȻӲûͽܣߣ
ദն̣ܴݲУȴǳէȻܻǲá棬ߵ˸ͷЩ˷漴ʱһڡԶȥ֮ʣֳǸ־η׽ıӰʩһ񣬲Ȼת
Ƭ֮󣬻ͷĻһƳ۹Գš˲䣬תǰĶڣЦڱƣܷڵÿѽ

ʮɷԲһյĶң޴´࣬ܣţ֮أʵƲ˴ǿ󣬵õľ˶©˷
Ȼţ֮أľǵ֮
̴ڰţȻţ
Զһʯ̨֮ϣǸߴ׳ẺӱʯһĴţɢԲơ˫ɫȻİȻǽ˲
ƺҡ
ߣ벻һͷ֮С˿ƴ³ç˭ȴ˵ĻΪͷһ飬ʧ㾿˭ĪǱʦҪѰһˡ
вôʥأˡķʮ꣬Ϊ˹ʡѰ©֮䣬ԭԷΪ㵽˵Ѳ߮վãƣĴײֲڶңʵһ󵱡
˫վɽһ࣬ȻԸĪ⡣ŲԶǸЩҵĺŮӣҡͷ
ͷǼһΪͣͲǰ˵Ĺȴǲֵ²ߣʵ֮١ͷţǳԶ֮ơΨ֪ѶϣӦ䣡
ȻԴǴ
ŮӵͷǲСʦ֣ϿǰԵʦãʵĵӡ


1203 ƨɵ
ڵĽ֮ǰͷ
ɶҲûУ
Ϊǿֵ޲ߡ֮ڣʵµһңǽƱ鲼һԹйŮУ۸ɳЩʲôΪ֪ţأ
ͷס档
ǶԹŮǶĸ֣׵ػСˣľԵЩֻ뿴ֶɡɴ˿ɼǿΪɶʱһһؽҪ
УǰǵãҼΪƴǷʩչȭţ
ֵܣǿŶǱһŮ˸ˣǡ̫˵ȥ
ͷʱЦʱץѽ
һ֮󣬽ھʱɡһʱʱ
ʱȥͷʵͲסˡ
ôõĹĪ˵ֳʤǺӶĳˣΪλûжʲôɡ
ͷ˫֣ԭⲽ
δ֮ǰ״򿪽ơ⣬Ҳ⡣ȴȥֱһּ尾ʱǸͷ
ͷֳƬ̣͵ͣתƣ͸עһľȻ
ãв⣬Ī˵ⲻȥҲ޷ϴ󽻴
ͷ̧ǿ鿪Ƶƣһ٣漴ǰһӡ䱾˲飬һҧǰŤĹâ˲أȻȣҲųڣȻ͵ؽԭأĿ࡭
ʮɴСɽڣѬǣһƬǽ塣
Զߵʯ̨֮ϣ˲һĹƨɣġҲǲһơ
ͷһ̧֣ۣһʣҪ˳⡣ƣ¹ڶ֪ܣҲ˵ˣֲû羰զɲǣһ̲ס͸ָ쿴ȥ
ƨɣһףɷ׳͡ʱǵϣһŶԷĲһֻȭڵٸаӴ
ǣò°棬׺ͬڣǼʵ붴һ֮Ӱ
ʱŮһϮĳȹˣƮݵĳƲΨӨ˵Ĺ󣬵Ȼɢű뺷ɱ䱻ƨ£̻¶ԣȴ˿ӣԷ߶˫ţСȭͷŶסĴֱִۣеĶſ㡭һʱã̧ͷſҧȥ
һȭ£һŮˣš
顱һ£͵ȥ䲻գſһѪĻ档
ֻȭҴ򣬳ҵĻʱɢ
ҷŮˣǳȸߣҧ㡭ǳûۼУ˰㱧ֱ۱ƺݺһҧȥ
ֱ϶ʱӿһܵס
ǵĿڳݼ侹ǴŹ棬Ƽ׶롣
ƺһץǵͷȴ˺ΣٴȭͷȴЦɶûλæţ
ͷǿԭίʱ˭϶ԷвֻϾ˰ˡǸͻȻɿڣѭһ棬һ֮ѣ㡭
˭ҧ˭ȸޣΪǿһ𣬾˵в֮ѶԸˣƼûæùƨɶ֣вҪԿҾŮ֮ηرһء
ͷֻصЦһ䣬תȥȴвסͷǰ
һϸϸĻٿȻתۻһֻСɵҷŻβ𣬲Ϊӯػ˫ᣬȶĿţÿ
ǲԶһ̫ޣͷȻż컵ɫʡҪúöǰ鶯֮ͷĪһҶ룬ڡȻը˲һŻ棬ɭȻɱԺķ֮ȥ
֮ͬʱѵĻȸ֮𣬽֮䣬ͬСɡ
ͷӶơơ߶壬˵ڵز˼ͷˮһǳɣνý쳣ӵȴһֱڣһͣǱӡ
жڽȸ֮δϮ
ͷֻ쬵ġ֮ǰĺʵƤƬƲʣǷѥӶӰƨɵûֲ˳ಲս֮ȸ֮յο֪
ǷŶüʱɾͳԴˣ
ͷһ龪֮عѰһϣٴοǸѱĶڣסһֵֻܣൣѰ֣ҲǼį
顪
ڴʱʮĽͻȻΪ΢𶯡
ͷ˲øпæԼӳɣƻӳһ
˲䣬ǵĶڻȻð˵Ӱһ϶ɫĵۣǽгǲ֡Էͬ˺ȹ壬ȴù࣬߷߲ƽķڷأҡ
״ͷĿѡ
һͨȭ֮£ǸҰǾȻˣԸŮˣȻ˵ļ򵥡
ͷէֲ֮ʣסһ
δ뿪ڣͻȻСɵǺݺȫްϧ񣬲غ⡪
ͷһ飬붼ٴλӶеơ
Ķ㡭
Ǳ䲻һʯң׹ΪʱŽƹرգӰһͬʧ١
Ķ޺һڣͷеһöʾʦƱҶƾ뿪ĲѡԷӦ˫üһ߳ʱߣʱɱ뺷ֹ϶ְԵиǲɣȥǸЩľɵνˡ
ͷԴ㵲ѣ´ŵ˵ֵܣŮʾֺαؾأ֮⣬ǲԶǡʵӣĸ֣˴֮ȻתسΪС֮ܶԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡣԼֵ̫СһʱС
飬ڴ˴Խͷ·Ķڣڶһ䡣
Ϻǣ˼֮ףŮ֮飬ʵ˹Ůĺ˴˼Ϊֵܣõ˵Цأޣںεأ
ͷһ׷˹ȥعЦⱲӶԸŮҧһڣǹƨɵġ
ɫ͵ػصһۡ
ǰ³򣬼㱻ײҲûκΡºٴ𣬱Ҷһ㣬ʵѿ
ͷѱ֣һ˵ֵܣλõҲϴڣϼףû˵꣬ѽʶ˫Ц
ķȴԲᣬڳڣת϶ȥ
ͷҵ
ת֮䣬ֵѴӵ·ɶݶ˫˫ֱ⡣ǰȥȥһޱ޼ʵνͻӰ֡


1204 Զ
ģǶϷ
ʤޣ鲼ʮ򣬸ڸһεĽƣ쳣̼˴˷һͭǽĪڴˣ޵ǣ
ֵŽһƣ漴ķ߰˵ӰԶһǽɡɾĸ֣ԶǺ˸Ȼи˲ߵĶ
׿Ļͷ˴˽زĬתǰۡ
ö룬ֵȥˣ
ôʶ˴ֽʵĵӸˣʮȡм¶ǶȻزȥֵȫȿ·֮ʣıϹ׬ȡ˶ԷʦƣǶ·ӵĴʱ
ǰȥԶԼѰһƵķ϶߰˵Ӱֱ˴ȻҪסֵȥ·
ʱ˿̣аɡһĸֻ֣
ȥƲͣӱ۱㽫ǵǿƸǰ
ֵɲǣһĹâٿȻȥգ֮䴩Ƶķ϶֮Ȼһ䣬ǻûһֻ쵵Ĵ񣬺סӥĿڣɷ졣չ˫㵲סʮɵһǿաɻʵβȻɣѹ˫
ɣǴȸߡȻǿգȻ䲻Ȼһ
ȸķֵһ˲䣬ԶӰȻ׷ͣĴմӣҲھηĴߣֱǱϿǰԡǡȸıǣΪеרУ˲֪˲һλźǰȻڴʱʦƣǵ֮١Сģǻ
ǰ·ް䲻ݻ
ֵȥ磬ʱƳ嵽ǿ֮СҴһͷһƳаֵĳɣһץŻͷı۰򣬽߾ȫԶ
裬ɷǽ欶ˣ
˷ѱʮӰһԭȻ֪롣
һ֮û˷ӳֵȸĻӰȥֻһƴӿƮ¡
ȺбһλִˣŶСɵΪǰӹƣԼӴŷѵɫķ˵δȴ١ΪҪİˣвö֪һת仰δ䣬Զ˼ŭڣҪ
֮ͬʱԶ۵۰ӰǰͷŮӣһĻ죬ɱŭл͸żֽĪίλ곤ߣƮƮǣ԰꣡˭ǶԵα£˵Ϊ
״ܵ˲ҵæһ񣬿ڳưݼϿλеӭǰȥһʾ⡣в˵ҵХ˲֣һֻСŴź˹ŭͷ𣺡ҷ߶㡭
顪
ȫһ֣һŽʵʵϣԵ˳ȥԩڰգԽп಻˼ʱǣΡ
˽ԵŮӣǻûˡ׷ȥٸϼţֻͣ£ȴֲ޽еʦ֣ߡת̧ͷѰ٣ǲԸݣ
ǱϿڽǰֹסƣַ룬ǿա
֮ǰӵʾδ̽жϣʹñϿΪ⡣֮У˭۸ǣѰµһѨ˷ֽƿƣǱһλԵСʦȻǳ˴ᣬȴֲ³ֵԵɣ漴һݵضֱǿն˭ĪȻԶӵˡ
ͷڴ˴ҡǵµĶѨ֮Уǳ˽һ˲䣬Ѳʧʱشʶٻ֡ʱĺϣֵֻѣ
ǣˣΪʵϿջ۹⣬תʵ˵ĶĪǾôصͬαӳء
ڱԼΣȴݡԴ޹ĽŮಲսԷʹŹֱܴ裬ʦԼ֪
Ĳͷ
ǵСƲţüšţأԴɷȻתűϿһ֣˵ʦϣ˱ףСǰȥ׷ɱףˡΨʦֲʣųڣһٿȻһֱԶ
Ͽ΢΢һ漴ɫ΢
ǵĵΪÿÿϡôһСʦãǽͷʹ׷ȥδת⡣˻ǧĵĳ޹أв֪һƣ죬ʹλ
ϿĬȻƬ̣죬Ϸ׷ңⲻݣѰ٣ٻӦԡ
죬Ǹһŵˡҵæǣ׷һڣ漴Զɹλĸ֡˺һȡ˼Ըתǿա
Ͽķ𣬳
ӦŵԴɢȥ
Ͽ£˼ǹĲã֮£ѰԼ֮õɽɽˮˮϤ֮УȻ¶ǵµȻʦµĶϼһȥܷٴι
ҲǧģϷš

ȫȣһƬ֮С
̤һѷɽбб԰ѳֲסһͷڵϡˤһ泯죬ȴδţںغǺһ֡
ǡڴʱӰ˳˹
Ǵеļӣһֵܡܴ磬죬˰
ʱ˽һִ˵ĪֲɴȴüţΪϤֵܣʵܶѣ
ҡͷЦ֮ˣδ죬ֺˡ
ǰ⼸λõֵܣԱͷʦִĻ˵һ͡ԼֻЩˣԺǱǡϤƾ𵤵Ϊض߳ƣ
ܴ磬ǷɽǺıɷֵһٺ١۵УеһСɵ⼸Ҳˣ׷׸͡
ѽǿɲɡæҡҡͷҫһ־ɽʱûӰֵܻﲻģ˵в㺦
ֵܼŵһһզ״
ܰ״ЦΪˬذͷʦҲٱ£ԺԻ跨ֵǴ򰾽ǣ⡭һӣѭɽȥֵһᴫרŵ֮дӣ
ףػڣʵ˰ģԺͷӣûûֵģӣ
׷ܣ˵Цͣ
һд֣ƹɽڣС屳ɽϡɽ续ʹĿ
ֵܼפ
Ͳ֪뵽ʲôסС˵ܴ磬ǽȣԺĪҵȡ
ܿԵļλֵܣγԣָǰʾ˾Ǿұ󣿺ιҪԶ
ĿյϣͯǵˣӰҡҷޡ
һ̣һƬ£·ĳ֮Уڷͬĸп
ĳ˱ֺγԶء


1205 Ե
ǴɽһССĴ䡣˵Ǵ䣬Ǽݣ˼Ұˣ
ɽ
һǰɽϣˣ塢ӣƤͷͷ粢ſһʯϣشĥһ޹ǡ
ǿ޹Ө׶Ӳ೤ɵ״
ɫڵģǸкӡ˰ѱ飬޹ҫѾĹǵɻ
ͷ԰ɫģǸŮޡһԵһˮСʯϣĽЦ磡ѾѾʱаѵأ
ٺ٣㳤˾ˡ
ˮ֡ꡢꡱʯĥĹǵ
ߣе˲ųô󣬰綼ô˵
ѾЩ۲һ䣬סС졣ֻ꣬عͷʵλ磬еҲư
ӵĲԶվһλŻ۵ӡҷ磬ͷȴһټĵ٣ϻббһӣװ翴ЩŹ֡ʱԴľɽȶ˼
תʯԵӣƫͷһ룬ЦţҲйһѵŨüĿůģΪᣬ۹еȴƮɽᰣĪ⡢ҵԶ
˲ôĥǵŤͷ˵Īơ
һʣεЦûˡѱڵ£
мس鶯±飬һѳѾ˵ĪһƣǸĵ
Цɣɫ͸ѵõɡ
Զɽã̲𣬼Сšټһʯ塢ӡԼܻŵ߼ݣٲȻһԶ볾Ȼ羰һķҷɽҰʹ
ǡڴʱ˴ЦСִ񡭡
һ׳ĺӣ翸һƤһ߳ţһ߳ŻӴк
һλ긾˸߳˲ݣЩת
ӽߴ׳ȴӦòʮ͡Ӧˡ
긾ˣǰסżӣݿݣȴº͵Цݳˣ˵ģѾأȥЩ
أſʯϣͷЦҲֻҪһѵٺ١Űŵһѿ¶ߵģ
Ѿǹ࣬ӦѾѾԹˡ
ھӼҵޣҲ⡣긾תǻӣǸЦ׳ʿܡ˹ȴԸݾʳΪ
λΪִ硢׳ʿĻӣˣ;˴һΪʿ˵ˣǶ겻մ̻֮ʳȥǶڰ֣ЦŻصǶ߶ţʹ˱
Ű밢ѾڳģӿֱЦ²ͣǰʾִ磡롭
һͱĸ˵˵ͷ۹ӹССĴԼǵĺӣתŰɽ¡һ̣ǰƮĳһ㣬ٿŽŲԶ
֪䣬ںĶȹʮͷΪ˵ȴʱǵŻĹرգһū뻢ͷʱšԼȴɵµһ⵽ϵؽһؾ֮С֮طݣһ˾ʹʧɢ
ͷһ𣬱˴˼и顣ūһˣ˷Ĳ¡Ѿͷһ˿Ҳ޼Ѱ
һڵշתһࡣò׷˸ʯһУ֪ǻ˴ҴľĿе֪ūһڶĸ֮ǰѶȥ
֮󣬳ʧɢҪٴؾָۣ֪õȵ£
һΡȻҰؽ磬ܲǺպħǡͷū˵Ҳ֮ǰħǽ˴ҶħʵĵӣȻưոݡΪѰٶС
ǰ·֮ʣʶ˰һˡ
ɽµĽ£һҰݵɽԶȥһֵľͣڵԣѶѷһƤ޹ǵ
󲽵˳ԣͷŵƤڷ׵ֽĿ˩ˣץѣתǰһ˵ִ粻ϳţҲʡЩ
ľ೤߶ĳ߷Բĳּţ˶ѷŵƤ޹֮⣬ûжٿĵط
һҡͷЦлĺ⣡·̣ҵĽӦ
֮⣬и룻ɱȥǧ˾޷ȡ˵ط֮󣬱Ƥ޹ǻȡЩݰ˵޷һаĴڣǷ֡ħǣ֪
һΪͣ㲻ٿףԹקŴ󳵷ɱ֡֨Ŧ֨Ŧֱ죬Ҳöк棬סͷʵִ磬ΪβЯҪڵ£
ᵶ֮˵һСӵķ֮ʣȴҲ١һѷ쳣ıΪ
һ˫֣ƮƮɶֲźۼһСЦЦصʦ˵̫Եо֮ȣҲʧ
Ȼԭִʦˣе俴λִװ粻ƳˣӦЩͷ
ļʶǳһһ䣬Ŵ̸ϵУֻһЩ΢ĩˣ
ҵ֮Ҳȥ˾޷Ⱥüأǿ۽磬ٺ٣ƽ׳ʵʮɣȴ֧һң˵ףںĵĴɽȴҲΪѰЩ⣬ʣΪԵΪ
һɽﺺӵѯʣĲйؾ򣬽֮ĶãȻ÷ǳǾǸ˵
һǰԴһ£顱һɽݴԼһͻʯʱ̤÷顣
⣬ȴ޵ִĽͷӲ谭ֻһ̤ơ
ǰԵһȥƲ̤ͣȥ£缲ɨƲɵһͻʯͷᡱһɳȥԶ
զ࣬ʧִ̾ñ£
һ㲻ŵذƮȻǰУٴη˵
漴ҡҡͷЩͿ˵ʯͷ̫Ӳõִδغʹ
һƲƲ죬Ц˿ʱ벻Ե
ӣΪ˺һʱźٺЦٺ٣ִ˵ǣҾϲ˵ţʾ¡ЯĿ߳Ϊ죬ɽ˳֮һֻնǰ˭˵ֲһأ
ˡһڴɽ֮С˵˵ЦЦ֮䣬ʱ֪ȥ
һֳȵͷͷһƬïܵķֵסȥ·
ʱİǺ䤱ȴŴ󳵲ͣЪܵǰǴ롭仰δ䣬ڵɽºһ΢΢Ĳ漴гƵġͨͨԶˣ
һڵԣͷ


1206 ǲȥ
ͷ޴󲽱˲̲һ绹šء죬ټ֫صͨǺôĶ

һפ֮ʣľڵͣ²̾
Ҳ߸ࡢβ࣬ף״ͻұƱܶ˳ѱȵȡ
һص伮֮Уϳǹ޵Ȼһͷĺϣϥ
ʮƤɻһͷɴǰ޷ȣСյ·̡
һһ˵۳ϵʮƤЦ˵ܵļҵɾһһȥڣ
ٺ٣ʱУѮ֮ڵɻתΪȻغٺһЦֺĵ˵ִ뵣ģͬһʡʮƤء
һȻͬУŽһºĵķ顣ȥûٷ羰ľЩһ£漴̧Ÿ˹ȥʵƤ֮⣬ܷý
˳һᣬ͵شܳȥԶ޲Ӧִ磬ô
һɾԲΪ²ıչأľ硣ȥȫķٶ֮仹ǲͬ뷲ˡʲŵһǡᣬȴ̺֮ҲѹְҪԽ
˳ȥʮɣ
һŲȻ׵İޱǸȻһЦԷȴΪ϶˵ִ磡翴ˣ֮ˡ
ĸֶҵĵϸһɽҰСӻ
һⲽǰɫɡ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺˮ˿ڴںڵЦ⣬˵ѱߣʦףΪ֮ˡִ֪һȡ
ֿ˵ķӵǼ򵥣ֻ۴СʶҪãеġνĴ˽ԶãһɽҰСֱӡ̫ߣΣζʣδ壬ѭҲ
˵ˣɽɽɽɽգǻһɽ
һ˰޵ǰɷػصû֮·ˣ
ףδ룬ٺһ֣ľǰУŷŵĻ˵Ƥ֮⣬ҩ޹ҲȻϡȴ֡ļӲҪá
ķ׼䣬౻ĳңݻһҪ׷ĺöں֮У䲻ּƤһôɴ˿νĲƸȫںĲͬ
һ֮ǰȥԶƹһɽڣ˴һһϿ֮С
ǡڴʱһ΢Ĵ죬ǻһ·ġ֨ŦȻֹľһбеѽæſ³һۣһƨ̱ڵϣˣǵùĨЩֻ֬һʱҡ
ǺǣûڰԺɱǣһ޵ԣЦŰοһ䡣
ǰڣӦϿȵľͷȺɽ֮䡣ԶɽƽȥǰɽϣһŲݣʮæµšɽ£ߡ˼ľ֮⣬ǼһʮͷҪôҪôĥ״
Ǵ룬һɽ۵ĵط
ִ˵ɡѡһõľϲɳᣬûյĹɲɡ
ѶӾƨɣ˽ĿֳľһڣתɽȥֵͷɣոϲˡִԺƬ̡
һפԶξ۵ס
ʮͷΪ׳СɽϵĲǰר˴
ǰȥǢˣ޷Ҫ跨ʮƤԱӶѰǸ׳һλѱߣν֮ˡ
ǺȻ׳ӥ벢ֵΪ뺷ģȴʿʮһˡѱ֮ܣ걼ں֮Уй˵ֶζδ֪
겻ȴΪ⣬һóԸ֮󣬼æŤͷ˻
ǸǳһԶԶһۣǲҡҡͷ俴һ㽡ȫˣȴҪĺӺϳһͷ޷ҪʡʮƤˣߡ
ִ磬ʱ㽫̣
ܵľԡ˵һ䣬ҵ飬ְƤ޹ǵ
һվţδ
޶ԽƤ޹ǰᵽɽ£ǸıϡͬæŶǰ׼浹Ҳ֡
вʱʮͷ˻һ֫أǰһſȴ̵һ̡
ʰ׵֮󣬳ľԵһʾ⡣
ѱ޵ĺӣֳͷʮˣΪ׳ԼҵĻֳµľͷ
һƴǣԵɽ¡
ÿһͷߴȽŽ׳峤߿ĺΪƽ̹Ƥ޹֮⣬˲ڻ¡
ıϣһǺյϴ˷ܵЦݡ
һųһеԼɽеȺЩȤ
ĺƵȫͷͷūҲǲ֪ȥԼʱ켣ڴˣȴǲȥ㯣һǧС
𣬲̤ʵءձоοֺαؼһʱأ
һ뾳ף̧һ°ڰ޵󡣶ԷҴҶһЦæ˫ץƤЩŵѵִ磬ˡ
зһХʮͷ˻ӦȻ
ʱͷʢȵϿͻȻˬķ硣вװ쳹ķ漴һضɽҡʮӴӰ𳾶ȥ
޵Ų濪нץȻӶ̧ͷȴţִҪţҳ˹һأƽذȵ˵ʱǰ¡ʱһ·֮ϣŵþû˫ۡ
һϥԾӺֱɴǴִĳβﶯ۵ɲǣǿķʱ죬ʹ˻ڰзСԴ޶ԣȴżֺⰢ˷ļХһֹŹֵ
Թ˲ϾԼһҡͷ΢ЦҪԽԺǻ£漴ա
䣬û˭벻˭ķ֡ûˣɿ԰Ȼϲ˻УжϢȻû˷ľ飬ͷѭ糣
簢˵ۼ죬ȴƽذȵ˾У΢΢ĵ뼤ķ糾֮Уһ·Ƶ
һϿȣѹȥһʱ
ɴǰһƬçԭ鲼Ź˸ߵҰݡȥ޼ʡʮͷУ˶С
ȥʱƻ衣Ϥҹɫ֮ǰɸϵ޷ȡ
ڴʱǰͷͻȻԾ𣬲һ˻


1207 켣çԭ
һӵסȥ·ʮɿĺϣӿ˻
ǰͷ̫ܵ죬һ㲻ס̲סԾȻڳȥˡɣδִ˰ȥƴһ˻¡Եŵ۴У˲͸ߴӰˮ֮С
顪
һ죬ˮɽ
գ䱳ϵҲѳֲס˫˫뱼ڵļ֮СϢ֮䣬Ȼ˶Ȼ˽ǰĶ԰ڲݣֲ֮ľδǽյһֻ졣
һ˻ײ̵˰ߡŰ˵ļХһͷͷǼʱסȥơ
ǰѵѱߣۿûӰ³֪
ޣԼµſı϶֪룬һȴ̧㻬ظߵҰݣźۼ˺ӵ֮ϡϺˮԼȥԶӰδжǴżȻͷ
֮ͬʱһѱ޵ĺѴıϸ߸£ԵļͷһϸϸɫţȴæңŲŽ̤Ϻӵ̣˫˫ѭżһ񱼣ȥΪѸֻ뽭е಻ضã
Ƭ̣ͬ鱼ȥԶȻ׷ˮߡԷںϻ輸ֱֳۣˮס˲ҵɿȡ¼縺һͷ˽ᣬ漴֡
ǿϸȥ磬ӹ棬ķӰٿȻˮ
ͬ²ֱͣᶶ漴Ȼֹһק
֮䣬ըˮ漴ɳӰˮѱͷ˫˫棬١顢顱䣬ˮ䡣ˣȵ밶
ͬסΣ˫ۼӣ͵ˮڷ棬ͨͨˤ˺ӵ֮ϣȴǶǸͶ²ʡȻǱˮǺû˹ȥ
էˮ߻ȣǰ󲻹֮䡣
λѱߵʹʮͷͣ֫أʵʵضڰߵĲݴ֮С԰ͷȴ˹س۳ңѵõңѸԻعæŰһ˹ȥԱ㿴ٺͬ顣
ȺԽһԣѽɱŻˣԸλ尲Ȼ
һ£פ㰶ԶԶ
֮ͬæŽȵˮ߸𲢿ڼϣԴΧˣһصֽѵˮ߸һͷıϣһʹתȦӡ
ĵĶǸȣ֫µĵù˵ĿڱˮʱĹ򣬺ˮкˡۡһҺߣ漴ˤ
ΣȸԾϣֱתͬ걳չˡ
ֱʱͬ˺˼ԲĨϵĺˮ漴ֳ˿оգ
ĺɫϼߣҪҹ֮ǰϵ޷ȣֻһԸ˭뵽кˮ·
λѱ޵ͬ黻˸ɫ˴˽԰ҡͷɤӣһԵ˵ͻ꣬ʹˮǡֵ²ܣ貢ɴÿȥƤӣֲʧ
ŵôԣ˽¶Ц侪һȴδ׬ƤΪ˵·̣Ҳֵã
˵ɫˮѶɡҹڴˣѰȥ·ִֵĵϣ˵˼̣ҹ֮ʱ߳ûСġ
ɴζȥʮӵխߡĽɶɡˮ׿ɹУ֦
ﻰû˵꣬Ҫ顣ȥɵɫһ
ǸŻ۵ˣʼնԹۡ⣬һëΣȥռһӵıˡ֮ʣȴһǿɶ
Ѿԣﲻٴɫػһ䣬ֲͷ߳ڰ޼ȥϵϣҾУߡ
һںӵϱֶﲻƣ粵ֻһЦԭһ䣬ȴ
Ⱥд֣Ƕ˷æתЦϢŭλִ֮ˣʲ˵޶⣡ٺ١˵գſڱᵽ֮ˣðм
֮ˣǶѱޡҩȻǳŰʣⲻƳһѲˣһۿʮΣ仰䣬ܵһЦ
ǳ׼ĸߡҲһ˵
ͷЦִأǲȻõŴ˵ϱܵݴ˻ɡ
ȻҪڴ˵ҹޣⲻһæµ
ˮĺȻ밢лµ˱Ϻӵ̣Χһ𣬲óˮҡԺûźˮ
ѱ޵ĺǸɢֵڲݴԼس߳Ϯ䳣걼⣬нŵļʶӦֶΪϵҲֵ˵
ͷȺڶ԰ǻ
ϼĺɫĳ
һںӵƬ̣һˮ
ôϣһֻķȥѵϢ֦ͷʱ⡣أ˽鴩ĵçԭֻص˹ȥ֮УȴЩϤף꽭ֳ嶯֮⣬ǰҹɫŨ
һĽǰսʱʱĻͷ
һЦʣǸм
ٺ١ΪЦЦ
ʱļţʱ¡;йҹһʱѰʳ룬ԼȴĨ档ӿģʵܡ˵Ǵǰ²ܣ׵е˶Է硣ºڣΪʱ
һͨ£̲סִԹ
һ̧е֣һСɵĺ«֮ʾ£һڣŰЦоӣ
޻Ȼмʶ˵ȡɽѰ˼ҿܲҵʱĩβʱ֣ϼءŵؽ˵ﻹüȴš
ǺǣСձ֪
һ˵Цŷһ䣬Թ۹ӹ棬ֱ͸Զڳҹɫ١ˮĻڶ
ٺ٣һˮ޳һˮҹ˼֮Щ˵ִʲŵĻҵʱ޼Ҵ󲻼ꡭ
һŰҡҡͷЦ
˼ꣿӵ˵ͼҲࡣ
һҪƣȴֱۡеĺ«˲볤вӰüɫ΢ݡ
ǡڴʱһ׹š顱һ죬԰ͷȺң˲ķѡ


1208 Ƥ
콵䣡
ںӵЪϢ˾ˡ
ʱҹɫ֣ʮĶ԰ͷߴ͵һ˸ţ顱һķѳ˶⣬ɷǾˣ
Ƿ׹µĲǣ⻪һ԰ӵ̵ĲԶֳһͷ塢ɳɫǰ˫㣬ĿݷҡͷβſڵѪ漴֡һץͷ­ʳе衭
һŨصѪԽƮϢĿֻĪĲ֮ķ
ʮһͷ̴ӲݴԾһͲ˻ѡ
ȻĿȻʴӡ
λѱ޵Ļͬǵɴ˫ۣȴֻ˽ץŸֵ̻޴롣
޶еˮңסһԣŵôҳһ£ɪɪֱ
һأԶ΢΢üͷ
һͷѰʳĶԣӡ
սƬ̣͵ش䳣걼ķ۹ⲻѰ콵ԣܵС޷ɤ˻һͬȿֺر
ӵ֮ϣһƬҡ˴ӵվȴսսŲŲ˸ɴ̱ڵϣֻŹģԸϲк֮¡
޵ǻ飬һµȴֻͷץһı۰򣬼󡭡磬ӡִʯӰɽȻһδŪִ״ͻȻһŮ˵ĺǳ
ӡ
ʵҹɫ£ʮɵİ֮УȻðһµŮӡɫȹƮƮӰȣٲӽ٣ӸµԼĪĻȴ˲
޵ûޱ䡣ȻԵҲܡɵȽһڵϣȴһֻˮУ˳Լļͷתȥһ
ʱЩɢܵͻȻ˻ԭػ̻ǻ֪ľηԴеľһͷͷתŰеӰȥȡ˳ӡ
ѴһͷԷȴʹֻԭضȦӣǽ񡣶λͬΣȻԼ£˴˼ңңӣĿ亹ֱģΣֻӲͷƤֳ̧ŰеӰɳҵнŵķˣð֮٣̧֣
ʶ࣬ȴҲȻ
ɳϣǴŮӣȻܵˣ
ŮӺں˵ҲɱˣֻΪСѰЩʳɢȥ仰ҹƮţֿ飬ȴëȻҪûһȺҪҹɫµçԭдУԸ߳޵Ϯյ³Ѱ·
ϵѲ˶룡
ͷһᣬԻ˳ȥȥǰͷһĻ̼˵ûҵȴ粽Уɳ죡λͬǲҵæݴԲںӵϡµ˸ŶԿߵݣֻ飡
ףȾҲӡ
Ůһ漴ûģ赭дҲɱˣСȴȫѽ˭ͷأѪĽ
˲״һʱãȻ
ɹһԣŰеӰл֣̿оۡˡ
һ˫üɫ
νĶԣСףһͷΪޡûԵģֹͷ
ǺŮӷһڣһɱ˵ĽڡһλԲĸˡԼľȺˣȴΪ֣˴˵Ϊ̫࣬˺Σ
ְֻﲻȰ棬֦ˣԹۡ
ͷɫĹѽɸɾӵ֧ӣǴ̰ɫŶ԰ſ˴졣֪ιʣһҡͷβĵ̬˸ʮ㣬֮𣬷ҪԽӶ
ɫ޲Ǹ߸϶Ī⣬뷲˴򽻵λȴֹ죬ǶԹһжʮڣ
ǡڴʱϺ˵ҵȳҰ̫˲¼ɡδ䣬ڰðӰ
ҹɫԼɼ׳Ƥ뺷쳣ΪһԽڶںŮӵĲԶһ̬Ϊ
˭ϺŮӲ飬ʱŭ߳죡ٲȥһ㡭
ɫ࣬ʵϿ²棡
֮ͬʱһĬĬ˼ǱϿǳ׼ģ޿֡
ŮŭȴΪԵغߵߣһʱѰͷȻҪΪСˣݹ¡ת·ȵ󣡻˭Ѫʳ˺
ͷɫĹʱǣƱҪ԰
Ȱ˷£ҡҡͷת˿
֪ͷٲ
ţ
ۿһɱ¾⣬ӰͻȻ
ϵ½ѭȥ˫һ
һص˫ִۡ磬
Ŀ֮£һںӵ֮ϡܵ޶ԣֻܱ˫ֶֹС²ΪٲȻһӵģ
ŮȴɫһѿװĲͬɻʿǷˣ
һһ٣۹ӹİˣת˵˭޹ؽҪŹЩнŵɽ񣡡
ŮΣȻԷкΡͷغһ֮߳󣬻û˸ҶָֻţĪ˵һװģķˡδ䣬䳤
֮ɲǣѵȴʱ͵ӹ棬ֱӵǶӰݺȥ
Ͼ⣬ֻĿɿڴΣʱ̣ǸӵĻӾȻͦߴ͵Եĳײοһ鷲˵Ѫ֮ο֪
޵ͷȻִΣӣ
һЩ⣬ڱֶ
ǺŮӻĺʱϣ޹׺ݵɫĵģΨü֮ɷȻһ޼ɵŮң
˲䣬ͷצ˵֮⡣
棬Ѫȱˣ
һ̬ɣΨԷ䲻ݻ֮ʣüĺӡкڣƻȻһ䡣أԲɽȴ°ڣ漴Եʯ֮͵طɳһš
֮˲䣬һ
һ̣ʮɷԲ֮ڣˣǱʵĺˮ뵽һƬ֮С
ţû˶
顪
ͷ׺ݵѵ֮⣬ȴײһεǽ֮ϡһէ׺ݵͷٿȻһ١һֻȴ֮ϣȻϮ
顪
໡
һ죬˺ѶݵĳšټĲҺķΪ֮ݡ
ֻѪĽ塢ɳӸǶһţ漴͵ص˳ȥգ֮Ӻ棬ͨһݺˤںӵ֮ϡֻΪĳ鴤һ£漴ٲȻǻ˹ȥ
һԿҽţֱʱŻ¡ֺϾᶶ°ڣ̧б˵ͷٸҹһҲ⽫Ƥ˳⣡˵֮䣬Ƽǣóһɫа桭


1209 ˶
һ֮ϵţԸӣһĿ˵Ŀ͸һƵĴݣƤ⡢ɱᣬֻڽ֮䣡
Ҳ˵޵ε𾪣м˵бǵŮӣĿԲ㵲ѣ
ҹɫµçԭ֮ϣһȺнŵɽ֮䣬һʿװˣһͷ޸һ߹˶԰һſѰȴǣ֮ɴ䣬ǸֶΪ
ԼСסδشͱˣ
ΪߣԼСף˵ȻǷˣԭһλεʿ˭ǵǵͷϣ
󵨡
ŭɶ
ȸ֮ԷپƬçԭƤ⣿Ƚճ
˵ΪڱǣգۼѴɾĺĳڡڡڣֻٰԨsŵȻɡ˻֮䣬ǰһĺˮһǵçԭĪǧ
ηˡ
ǻѳڣȴɵ;һתͷʱ˼֡ڵ۷壬ʦ಻ضã֮˸ֲˡ˾˭ΪҪ켣ڴˣ
⵽Ӱϵ쳣ҵһ㵽ǵҡϵ£ʮɡǺ˵ƻڶʹ
ʱ˿̣һλɫƵĶ֣С䳤΢΢˫üбˣҰؽΪɱ޹ʣսˣԼʵı⣬Ƕȵţͦأ°һ˦ֵǺˡ
ǽǸӣؿ΢΢ҵļˣͬɫСԷĪħ޵ĸˣ
һһ˦־ֵһɫƣħˣ
˵۹⣬ͬʱǿ֮ϡ꣬š£ǽһ˫üš˸Է޷޲ƽСģħǿĺɫƣħ
ݴħпħɺħޣĴڣ˿϶ħʱˡ
һһûӰ䳭ѪȻɫ͸Īɱ漴΢̣ĪصȻһЦ˵ȼȻħҾʹ˺Ƥкηһǲͷ߳սˣ֣ǵϤ㣡
ǳţ㲻ɣͷգʾǿӲߣ㵽ףұ
ҪԶΪæǰȰ𣡱Ͽ֮Υ
һ̲ס߳죬һ㡭
˺һ˲ҪΪһ׮Сħ˭𣡡
˸͵ĪСʧ󡭡
ɫǺ죬һʱԶԡ¼ʦ֣һȴʦֵʱ̹ߣǿɶ񣡶ԷǶڵĸˣ˴˶ֵο֪˾Ȼ˵ᡭ
û·˵λǰʲŴһᣬţҾʹ˱תʾλ˵ز˾
Ȼңҵᣬȴǲ֪ôһλǳĪĸˣټϼĽȰ裬ԳɱѸͷȴݺݵسǵӰƵҼסˣۣߡ
еˣһŮһٵִתʧҹɫ֮С˻ѵޣȴǳ·һۣŲ鲻Ըﳤȥ
һˮҵѵȻ޴档Ǽž˵ҹĬĬ˻漴ںӵ˲ӡֹѶɣһֱУܴûʲôΨкˮʣ
ʵҹɫ£˻޵Ȼԭأһᡣ
һͻĪȥĿõ֣˷˼ֻǸӵͦ޴ӱĽѾʹɢ
Ĩ˰ϵ亹ش˿ڴԽߵĲݴԣ󲽵˺ӵ֮ϣͨ£ŲԶıӰذݵ飬еɳû
˴ͷЧ¡ӵ̹һƬڰлɳľΨаԭأηɫдżϲ
һת۹ӹܡ꣬ųͶصİ΢΢ҡͷЦҲˡ
̧ͷ̿֡ǰԼ״λɳ˲¶࣬˭ֿ÷
޴֮ʣȴӵ˵ִ磡㲻ˣеǲȻܱ˶ˡ˵һ룬Ȼֵҡһܻһִ𣿡俴һ˳ֵܣ
ǺǣҲ죬಻أеأ
һطһ䣬ŰЦִ粻һЩʿˣöԲ˶ѡ
ⷬвǫ֮⣬ȴѪţԵһţֱֹ߳ڣܶ̾Ϊֹ
һΪͣ׳ֵǺŮһУΪܵˡΪˣΪҪû˵ָ꣬ȥֵˡ񡭡
ϰߵ˻ڹţһΨðɳ
һȴϲףڰ˵λɣ
Ӧֻһ˫˫עĿŲ
һҡͷ򰢴˵֮٣ȴʧΪһӣҲΪȥ޷ǵӰˡ֮νСţô˶ѣǺǡ˷ŵΣЦ
Իûһ׵ΪǧʩչΪ졣ԭ¶꼰޹˭ٻӦ֮£Ȼ׾ٵرλǿС
սȴУ֮Ҳ
ƭɣ˭˵һֶأ
Щʳˡ
һ˰޵ĽǰһЦͷҲصطԸһ䡣ԷʩʩȻϥ漴˫Ŀ΢أܵΡ
æصͷӦҴȡ˳ʳ˹ȥ
Ƭֻ̣һӵ
ｫ顢˰޵ĻݶԷֽܾƳ۲ԶӰҳһ£תŵ뿪ֱԶȥظس¡
һ߷˶ԣλǿˣλʿĻ˷ſȻԳˣǡ
£һ໥ţ˴˼Ȼ²
һԡһ߿ʳ飬һĴš
çԭҹݶ


1210 ˭۸˭
ҹɫȥ
ӵ̰ߣ˫ۡ
ˮӰˣֻаһĬĬɥȻʧ
ִ硢ɳˡȥʱ֪
ձ࣬䣬ƣҹ֮ʱ˲˯
ˮɣûмļ
˵Ȳˣʰ׵֮󣬺ϳµʮһͷѭŰȥʮ⣬Ȼкӵխһ˾ʹԽӶֱ޷ȡ
޷ȡ˼壬޷廷֮ȡʮȺ壬ǧɸ߰ͦζ֮ƣȴһޡ֡ɽ֮У߳ɴݳƬһƽ̹Ĵᴩȵأˡ޵Ӱһаڡ
һפߣĿ
ͷɽȶһƬ֮¡էȻȥɽϴĶߡҡǵ֯һ𣬲ɢⷽƽ˼ֵľ£Ҳ޲
֮ϣӰζһżӶɫ졣Ŵ࣬йӰдС߰ȵһзֱѷƤ޹ǡ衢߹ޡҩݡ鲼οԼҡˮʳٲȻһҼҼªĵ̡
顢顢顭
һصĶͷ۶ȥ֮мԶܣ漴ɡ
һ۹ӹǼͷԶȥΪȻؿ𴦡ҹʱ֣뿪çԭѰ˴ֱɽϴճʱ֣ɽ֮С֮Բֻûƽ޼硣
֮䣬ûƽȡǣ˭˵ֲǴأľȻѰһ⣡
ڰ޵Ҫϵ޷ȣӦһʱ֮
޷֮вɵ˳ûٻסңҲΪӡȻмλסʦ޷ƾڵֶػһʿᲢۡ
ɴ˿ɼ޷ҰؽĴɽ֮УȴҪѰԼħ޵йѶϢһԸˣȻ˴̻ȥ
һѭŴǰ̬Сʹ˺װ磬Իֱһڷž̳ӵĲȥ
Ӳǰڷһʮªľ̳ӡİϣмֻŵƴ롣ƹǸĸˣɫֲڣɣ֯͵ĴֲȹǼڿģٽǳǳЦЦأԳֶǰк
һڲǰͣԴľϵľ̳ӣʵˮۼΣ
˲Żػƿһֻ۵Ĵ룬źЦ׳ʿǳλݹˣȳ򣡡һ̳ӣС顱˾ƣֵ׳ʿ롭
ˣŮ鹢ֱֺȳƵķʵ
һΪȻصͷʣǰһֱ㽫ˮ峺硣һ񣬰ױ㽫һƸȥһɻֱ͸θδȼҵķڣ漴ٿֱδ
þƣ
һ鲻Խ̾һ˳ץһԵľ̳ӣһ룬Թ˳һƲ룬һھûˡԾֱ̳ӹֻʹ죡
겻Ҿվƣѵһݴġǧ𥡱ʣ࣬ǼľƻΪá
ҰھƣĵԶЦŨ˵׳ʿÿɿڣܽƤҩݡƥԿۣ
ȿȡ
һһ٣æתһԷ˾̳ӣסͿ˼꣬ЩǱػ˿Ұھơ
˲״ֻǰ׳ʿˮǺˣţҼ洫֮ɽҰô˾ơ侢ҶԶʶԹһ
һδ⸾˵Ļתֲˮڵζ죬ԭҰھƣ
̻ǵãһҹɫɽ֮Уиҵĺ˵˾ΪħҰ죬ƾɷŵһͷ߻ҵȵľһ̳㷽һ͡
ƵңҰھȻǶв硣ϤɿζһɵľҲΪף꼸þʱȴʵءǰߣкθϵ
ƹģһ̳ƣ
˴󲽶ֽһﶪڲ븾˵Ц䣬漴һ̳תȥ
һ˼֮ʣɫһסƳȥ֮˵ıӰֿ˿еĿվ̳ӣ漴תˣȻ𣺡ʲ˵ԹһõΣһ˵Żһ߳Ųӵĺ󷽴
ǰ⣬ڸҲӺ󷽵ĲԶڷһľӣŻļСޣ޷ǽҰ㣬ɽ򣬵ȵȡ
ЦЦŲæָ˵ѰľˮһֻɻáҼҵҰھƣһͷɽ򣬻Ƥһѿ鲼
һִ̧ϸ˵˵֮һС֪ɷʹýʯɡʯû˵꣬ԾֻһֶĲϽ֮ʯʯڷ˵ͬáԼûл֮鷳ˡ
̧޽ǵҷŷ˪Ĵֲϣûһ˿һЦ⡣ĬĬһڶһˡƬ֮ĮȻڵ޷ȣû˸۸һ˼ҡ
һ˫һʣɫΣеľ̳ӡԩĳ˺ˣ
ó֮ҼҰŹ㡭̧Ŷɽ£żֶŵĿʾĴ£ҼҡֻҺһؽʹһ١ǶϽۣδ֪
һ˭۸˭ĳһ˼ұƵԶԣǿٵͷһأ˭أã
˼һӦǳ˲ӣȻɤŽеλףҵľơ
һһæĪҪ£Ҹǣ
Ӧ伫죬תһֵһͷɽһѰĴ帾ʱȴͶ
˷Χۡת۵ĹۼʮˣһͷӶָָ㡣
һЦɫζ
ʱǰڽһȺ˵Ĺݡ˵ֶ֮󣬾һ帾ӶһǴ죬ˣ֮νд棬ĳ˵ķȻˣ
ֻĳĵ̹вڱһͷƵͶ·ɣ
һ˿̧
ɽڡ
۹һֱƶȴɶҲûԷֻһϮۣȫ֮ҪٻԼҵˣҪУȴ͵һ
һ̧֮ϣһӨ׵Ĺââӯӯת̶ͣȻ󡣶䱾ȴ˫Ŀ΢ݣ꣬͵ؾ䣬ֵĹâٿһ漴Ȼըš໡ƾնͷ˶ޣ漴ͨһˤڵϡ
콵ޣͷ쵵ͻͷβɶ೤ġߵĸߣһ˫Ѫ˸׹⣬糤ļ׺ݡ˫ץأ˻𲻶ϣʹ˲
Χ۵ǾĿɿڴŤͷӴܡ
ͻţ໡һ
˵ػа߻
һȻȴ顣伲˦顢顱£ͷ͵ĴػӦ˵أڱѪٲһԡˤڲеĸˣȻ°ʵһʱѰɽʣɻʹá
ͽƾץͷͻ˱ɰǸŵɫһһ״δʹáʹáһֵʮ򡭡
ȻʹãľӲСװһͷͻ⺱ĴޣֱĴڣԵãȴɱһԣؽ𾪾޷£
񲻳Կ
һȥ˲ѽڵľ̳ӸϯһաҵӰδѰЩϢ
һĪĻԭصӰȻʧ
ͬʱɽϵĴ£һٿȻֳΡԶĶߣһջĺӷԸ˵˵ҰھƵ֮
֮˲֮أйǺӲȻʧ㡭˭
һֱ׳˵۸ˣѰء


1211 
һɽȡ滷ɽ˼ΨʮĹȵؼ䳤һƬƬҰڡзҰڱ粨˰ټԶɽԼĵ⣬ﵹҲɫˡ
ʱɽеһµվӡһ߸ߴ׳Ǹˣһòᣬ˵Ҫϰͷ㵥ǰ߹ɫ̻̣ȻǺЦ˫Ŀ䡣
ҡҡͷֹסһѣΡ
Լҵ۸ˣܹƵʱͯۡǷˣҲ˼ңֻɽ¼ҰŰǰȥնǴ»СС»ˡ
˭룬ؾѰ˵͸קӵĶߣһ۵糸ɵ˰֮СХ˲Ϣѹ
ţˣ
ǸҵˣǷᣡ
֮洫٣֮ˣɳãҪҲ˽
Ұڣɽеıˡ
һĬĬɽȵҰڣɫ˼
֮ǰľ޷УܵƸ˵ĵѡշԼܻ֮ͷ߻Ӧȥһ˰˷ŵҪڵӡʱĸĴĦżʩչӦ֣
Ǹ˵Ұھƣܲһ׮£
뵱꣬ŵħڣħڣأħ壬ħȡءɽԼħٹȣҰھơǵʵڣõ̳
Ȼ˺֮УȴٴҰھƣҪΪ֮һ
ħڣеĻþǷʵĴڹڣִںηʱܷɵΣܼ龰𣿶ǰߣԼŵħ֮䣬кǣ
Ϊ֣һͷ߻ѰƸ˵ļУ漴˰ϣⳤҰڵɽ֮СʶԶΪİ̵㡣ѵԼˡ
ǳǣ첻ͲԣһͷҪúʰ
عסһ俴ԵӰæ˵ɳ˼ŭƬҰڹ֪浱Ѱ񲢴ա¸Ը֮һͬϣֻ˲С˹ΪԼðˣֻ
һԶջ۹⣬ЦŮ˲޹ֺαҪʩȭء
סھ޷УóƶĹ㣬ǸªŵˡӴʦĿУѻϤй˵Ĵ˵Եɳ̬ºͣӴЩЩʵɳܣᱻҼ۸
ͷͻʣ¾ʹգһһ䡣ǰѰڰˣ˵˵ǽȤ
Щں죬ȻѬǵģһ˵ȻͷͻԵֵʮֻ򡭡
ȴһˣɵ΢΢һ
ﲻ⣬ʵɳҼ
һǰֳǸʵƸˣɵҡͷʧЦǺǣҵʵǷᣡ̤ת˲ʧȥӰ
̧ͷ̾ѡ꣬ࡣλɳȻȥѿˡԼ²鿴һҰڵճɣڹܽŮˣؼ˵١
һûȥɸ߿ոķ
ǧķԲ֮ڣ޵ħڣ˿ۼ
һԷŵΣѰٷСԽһƬǳǳһƬïܵĹľ֮У̤ҶĿ֮£ӺĸҶڡżֻӰ漴ʧԶֻļޱߡ
ħȵһƬɽ֣ΪɽħԳڡɽأħһСޱ޼ʵ󣬳֮Ϊأ˶κ˼иɽշΪĪ֮أһħٹȣΪһأͬʱħеʥء
һͼΣʶеļһһա֮УһжôϤ漴ֱİ棬Ѱһ˿һϤۼ֮ɵԳһЦ
ʮħڣþһԶźĵΡԼһĪħΪԼһйȻʵĴڹβ׺ɣıǨǧؼ಻̶̵һ˲ʱ桭
بŲģΨִ
⣬֮Уġħ֮֡µĴڣҰؽ硭
һĬȻáֱ죬Ӱȥû˵أֺһֱţ
ҰڹУæµѰաɾ޷ˣȻһˣֶܲܿ顣һҰڿڼͷѭɽȥۿҪɽȣһط𡭡
һץŰɻ˾޷ȡԷɽ´µĶڣ˳־ʮ̳Ұھơɷ˭ռ˭ıˡĳ˼Ϊþ֮ˣҲ׳Կ
ѵһʱգȻѰħ֮ǰչһв⣬ܲһζƾŻ˹ءǵΪʱˣ
һȥӰת˲ѷصɸ߿֮С·ľ޷ԸҪʹԶȥȴֺǺһЦ漴һʮ⡣
һ᫵ɽ䣬˶Դߡ䱳ϻһƤӣװŻΰ͡ңԼͷһϤӰסһ٣ϲִ֡磡
ǺǣޣһΡ
һΣ΢΢һЦ
ͷ󺹲ĺǰޣ֮ڣиϵ˾޷ȡΪʡ¼Ƥû˻֮󣬱밢˷ֵ𲢴Ҵ̤Ϲ̡
ͷӦת˲˫ءסڷɡ
ڷɣɽ¼ӶзӭڿУȴΪƽȣ
ۻңܲѡ
һŰ޳˷缲УסԷ¡㵽˴롣ǼܻٻľڣԶɽû˵ĵ
أԱƤҶ֪룬绹һĻл㱡
һһ˦󳵡顱һ·˹ԴٻΣһɽϣȡһɣᶶ¡һľм׷ɣ϶һ첲ϸľ
һƮȻɽ£˳˦ԭʪľʱøֱͦľ֮ǰֽľ滻˻ٻĳᡣַ֮죬Ϊ졣һΪ޹أ˭ǳأ
ת֮䣬ľѱʡ
һͣƾ˵ϵǼܻٻľתĿɿڴİ޷֮⡣
ڰ޼ڲԶɽǰ˴䡣
һſޣȡ󳵸ڵԡ
Щͷתȴ˵ޣԺչ˼ˣѭȥӰޡ
һûن£ȻԶȥ
֮䣬Եһѣһ̣һ仰ӣµ·ͬȥıʲô


1212 
ɽշççԲԲ䲻ĵرޣ츣أǧǵһڣ˴˵Դ֮ء
ݴϹħУΪ鳤֮ףȴвʳߣػǳ֮־ڷ̣֮֮ݼ¡ԶţԵۿΪԼħ
ԴҶֱա
ħȻб׷ȴͬͬԴ໥֮зΪ˷ˮݣ꣬˵֮ۿɻȴӴ˲֪١֮Ϣģʹð˻عյİ֮С
ǧģû˵ۿɻʵ򡣶ɻµɽͳд棬յڡǧʥ֮ƵľڼΪɻʵĵմӣȻռɻʵĶ߸ϣٲȻһ𡣶ΪͨĪ⣬ټͽӵҲʵ飡Ժβҽǧĵĵһˣ
ɽȺ֮У춼ΪɣΡز
춼İɽһ޴ķʯƣǧ˵һڡ˴¶ӵĶΪۿɻС
ʱڶǰһһ
ֶˣź룬òѰϴż֮ɫŵߣ뷢ףƵ̣ӥӣ
ڶԻ
ʦ˵Դת֮ȥ
ȴҲ˴۵ħɴ˶򣬲ջ¿νġתޡȻ£ӣв顭
ʦ˳ᢣӲ°ˣҰ¶֮ʱ£ֱżء
ţˡתޡ֮ڶһͻƶ;
ʦ䷨ָΣ
ĵıϿǰԵˣԡתޡв֪ҵᣬȴעҰħǵĶħµҶѾãؽݾδ֪
ǰҰ
ˣȨ뿪ǰҰʱ
λʦǰȥѰˣδ
޷ֻҪСģûʱ򡭡
ʦʶ֮ʱ
Ŷ

ӣ㼴ǰҰתȨ뿪ӣһйأҪ跨ܻ⣬ʱ
˹ǣתȥ
ĬȻΣ͸ĪǡתޡǡʾҾ־ڱصãֻǸһ֮⣬򾿾˼ˡ

žĿر֮ʣ˼ˣ
ǵӡʥŮĺƣʦšȴֻʣԼһˡǸСӣⱲӶˡ»ǡ塣񣬲ǷǶԹһнȥˡԺ·ֽأ
һ£һۺӰò£˫ˮɫȻʧΪǧӣԳΪӡ
ͬŴоŻ֮ʱ˴˾ʹʧɢڴˣ֪ħ֮СϤ˻֮ޱ޼ʣããȻһʱûȥ
һŮңƾɵΪпȥ硣ħȴǿ֣в㽫Լǻ
Ϊⲻ⣬Ѱ˶ĵطšͼԱ֮⣬ɽ̽෽ѶϢȻһʱѰһŵ䣬غеȴתʶÿնڹǻãлζŹȥڸδ֪Ľ
·ɽȼ䣬һʮļ˵Ǽ򣬲һƬ䳲״ĶȺ䣬ħʿɢ֮أи֣ħʹȡ˴ħʣƽѡݴħڴħʵĵմӣȥҰأռһǡ

һӹɽڣƾðһӰﻹһö˫֮ʾĿ밢޷ֱ֮Ѳط˰¡
ʶ֮УǰѶ߳֡
ľͼʾ˴ħǲ֮ң
֮⣬Ǵ˵еħǡ䲻ħʵı棬˴ȴѳСóȻǰȥ᲻֦
һһʱ
ؽչΪȴֿ˴뻢ͷūطꡣȻˣֺηǰȥѰһоء
һ͵̧һ̳ӣ˳ץ⣬̳ڴڱǶᡣ棬ʹ˾һüɫ裬̳ӱ˼ڡסǺһ֡
Ұھƣˬھͣʶ֮ܡԾ޷ȵҰھ䲻ǰߣȴҲʤޡ˷ãҪ¼̳ԱֵֻܷϧȴȥȻ£񲻿գ
һɫһеľ̳ӡ
ƬĹȵأɽïܶƧǡڴʱĵķɺԶת˲֮䣬ĹȵϿֳĵӰ
һλߣλˣһλ׳Ϊĸֻ֣Ϊߵ͸вͬͬʱ⵽һĴڣȴû˭ᣬǸԻﲻͣ
ڶ黹Ƿʯ
ڶҵʮʯټϢһٿ飬ٻ
ڶ黹ʯĪ˷
ٺ١
˴һĿȻһȻɽϥȴ𼸷Сġ˴ħǲǰʿࡣͻλ֣ȴ͸żֹ졣˺һֱָһˡ
ǳ׼Ƿծծ߾һ𡭡
ڶĺӣһֲӣҷ磬ںڣ׳ֺģٺЦţӰлأٽ˵λСʯơ
£ںΧڵ䡣ַ룬߳ɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭壡ҵʯ֮ףӻ
ڶͷΪȻЦûʯι黹
һ˴ŭƴ˴ʯƭ
һ˺ߵд
ɫ˵ڶǳĲԸ黹ʯˡ
ڶںغٺһЦصٺ٣ԭǳĵġû˵꣬оһ漴ԭʧȥӰ֮˲䣬ʮͻȻһ졣
顪
һӦ˳ȥǱһȭֺݺˤʮ⣬ת֮һʬ
Ȼ䣬ҴһĿɿڴ
˴ʮɣҶԻ֮ʶδû뵽ԷȻѣ˵ǿ
̧гɽͬ鼱ڶ𡣶вѰֵټһ졣Ȼףɫ䡣
λڴɵˣŽȥɣѱһźû漴Ȼըʬ޴桭
߲룬ݡȥͻȻзХһƬǵĺͷ¡ȥһ٣˶ȥȴԶƾðһӰɢŶڵƣЦٺ٣Īߣӻʯ
ϵˣΪ˶ڶʮþȣȴ϶Էһλڵĸ֡
֪жȫ޶־ȴϾڣתӴܡ
ڶƲˣ׷ᡣպɣ˫ȭɱЮХȥƾˣ
߻Ų·ֱǰɽڱȥ
ɽ֮ϣϥﻹһ̳ӡ


1213 ֵ
һԹۣ״һ
Ӱһǰһ߼۶Լڵɽڣ׵塣һ֣ǳ鷳ʧ꼰㣬ǣҪ֪֮Ľȿʩڽ֮ڣܾ춯֮Զұ˴֮ĳҪ̩Ȼܹ֮
֮ͬʱһ׷Ӱѵ֮⡣
ߵĻ¹һ㷨âɶ١ǴĪɱĺڷ纮ӷ˲ѵ䰵׳ɽֵת˫裬̶һΣǻûһʵӰǸԷֿ˷ڶȥһʱ֮䣬Ӱѷֱһı
ڶ󿴵ΪȻغٺһ֡ں֮У˫ȭ顱죬ڷ纮ȥƸʢ漴ǰٶɣǵ֮ƺХȥٲȻҪֵķӰԼС
߲ҪѣĴҴܵӰһ͡
ʮĪ棬ԵҲͬΪ졣֮ɲǣеһӰȻǰһǳƵĺڷ纮ɣӶ˫ֳʮݺץȥ
Ϊ˱סνþֶΡıεһ˲䣬ɽƵѱץ𡣼䲻ݻԷ͵˦ȥ
ֵСӣǸɾ䵲סڶĹƣ޲ٿЩӡһת̼֮󼪣˭ǷԸ
ץӰŽأɢһ߷ͷһδûȥޱߵĺٴķ֮⳹ǶܽװػȻ
顪
һ֮Уα漴ԶȥڹѪɢɽ϶һѪǽ塣
ڶȥһͣأ˳ץȡһǬ䣬֮ŤͷһЦ˵ٺ٣õ졭ϴŲõ飬һڰеľâӡϵɱȻͱˣ
֮һƬյϣֳһӰŸ̳ӣɫЩĪ꣬һڶƳһۣصѣ
˷ջпɣڶԲ鿴Ǭ䣬תһ˹ȥЦùڶķʵ򵥣ǼҵСǷħǵʿ˵Ц֮ʣһĨƵɫ
һأվԭأֹ糣Ǻӽɵ΢΢һ
һڵĸ֣ĶҺ¶ݣǰνǷծծһȦסˣڶƣ¿ʰ˶֮󣬸ͲԼʲǶÿ죬ֻ⡣ôһλѲǺ
һת漴˫üбһ䣬ӭڶ˹ȥ̳ӹһڣŲŲæشʯҪľȡ䲽УֹѶƳǰǸֵСˣµȴȻ˲ɾľ硭
ڶһ٣ͣ˫۲ȻǶڵĸ֡
кβףһʱ˽ŲԸ޿ֵģͷȴڰ⣬Ǵ˴ٽħǶ̫ҡĳһڵǰ
ڶɫɣתƬ֮ųʮһЦٺ٣Сڶΰ˻֮ˡ֪λγƺоż־Ȼ͸ҰԵı뺷ſ˲С
һ̳ʾ£ĵ˵ĳ¾ӣ
ʮɣ໥ѣҲżദļơ
ڶЦȻԭλ֣ʧˡһеľ̳ӣɷµؽ˵ּȻƣɶãһΡ
һɫ̲ѡ
һ㶼μѣʶԷҪƺȡ֮У³çˬ֮в֪ǰλһˣ
һǵ˵ͷӦ̳оʣ޶࣬вԹݡδ˵꣬һ
ֻڶͻȻ֣ΪЦٺ٣СоƱ㻶ں١֮ʣоâһּһźɫĺһֻСƣǴ˵ƣٿȻʮɣֱһݺץ˹ȥ
ֻ֮䡣ǵɱʱķڶƱƵϢһϣ
һһڣ²ٺˣǰһ˳˫ӶΪ֮һʮɱɭϡ䲻飬͵ؽ̳˽ߵĺơϡ
֮ͬʱײ˷ŵľ̳ӡ
ڶ֮۷Ź⣬ԶǰĶһƶһɫһ˿мԷ׳˾̳ӣǲϡҪƶΪȴȻһ
ǿѰľ̳ӣǰһĻ棬ʶ⣬мѲ˲䣬һ¶˺һ̿ѩƲɵ漴ųҶɭȻĪɱڷֱԼ
ڶһæķѸһתɫ״Ĵ֣ٴγŹĪľ̳Ӻݺץȥһ󡰴Ľ죬̳ӹתּΣֻüӳַ
һ״ƱҪħӡͷһɣ̧ɢȥǰһСһ΢ĻٿȻɻأת˲ûڲǱеľ̳ӣͣͲ
ڶæңвסͣ˿ıŵľ̳ӣֿ˿ʮһʮ㣬ŵЦٺ٣ΪҪǿһȴˡֻʩֶΣʤ㲻ѣ
һ̶̵ĽڶΪջ֮ǸֵļһﾹȻʾڴɵΪԼֻжСɵľ磬˼ɡ˭Լ̽Էеǿʲǲ̳ӣһζǿ˵Ѵ󹦸ɡʯʵ۲ţ
һ޶ԣ˵»û˸ĳǰԳӣȻʶôηҷһս
ڶ۹һȴҡҡͷ̧ɢȥһץ̳ӣֱЦΪ֣ս١û˵꣬ž̳ӱ͹
һ˿ĬȻ˼
ս˭˲ɣֻ֮ٽħǣʵǶֳǿĵط㻣˵ķӣһ١Ұ֮ظݾ⡣ĳٲΪԺؽ粽С
С̳Ӿƣһͼˡڶһӣվ̳ӷɳԶžһˤ÷顣Ȳкþƣǲʹ졭
һûǬһ̳Ұھ˹ȥ
ڶ¶ϲɫž̳ӱһַ꣬
һ̳ƣ̳ƣֱʮ̳ơ
ž
ڶ̳ˤô죬һھã΢΢죬Цʹ죡ƳһԭĬȻ޺ʵȥ㻹Ϸϲؾ𣿡
һ˫ʶɫĮȻʵܷΪ̳
ڶһЦֵ֣ǿ˿ֵΪͶԵ
һ΢΢ҡҡͷЩ۰һƲ
ĳ˺ò׵Ұھƣвϸƽ޹ʵط˶ʮ̳Ϊ˻һ֡˵ľֵܣñˡ
ڶ̧ͷԶģծˡ


1214 ʶ
֮⣬ʶֻƾĿɼһϼεľ޷崣ߡԶԶȥֺһâеΡʶ׳ۣ
֮İУһȥơ
ǰ;Уһλڶ䲻Ϊǿĺֽ̰թ͸ҰԵֱˬͱ˵ƣʵǸѶԸļһһ֮̽ջЩˡһͷԶӵҰǣеﶼһ׽ˣֻΪյȡ
һȥ˶ʮ̳ҰھƣǰһǿĶ֡䲢δʹմմԵãΪľȶΪãֻƾŶ͵Ӧֶγŵһʱȴǳ֮ơĥӲѰͷ˵䣬չڱУ
ʰ飬·ֱ˴
ʶжߣֱǰֹסİ̾
ǲǾ޷壬ҲǸɽһǣҲǧֱ֮ߣɽ˲¥̨ᣬԼĽֵзˮԴֵĵ׺ٲȻһĻֻǶ˼ء˼ֵСϣƮƲ۳ۣ֮ȴһŵĹâֱ͸ǿգɢĪƣķȫǡ
ǣħǣ
һĬĬһ̧꣬ľöԼӲ鿴̧Զ
ħǳǿֻȻһĻǽ֮⣬ͱԼɸǽϻĵ룬ʿض䱸ɭϣ
ľͼʾħ֮Уַ¾Ų㣬Ծֽ֮綨һ㣬νǣ˻֮أΪơɳǣЩֿڣΪǣɻʿסϳǣ쾳ʿס¡ǣɶ澳ҲǶڵʿסǣɶʿסǣħǵǰռһ΢ǣΪۣ֮ħ޽ڣǾʿɣκ˲һȵȡ
йħǵϸͼԾչֳǸܾԶӵľΪޣϤħǲ㡣Ҫеľʵظһ
ǰڣħǽ¡洦ɼзɳ۵ӰȴһϤס
һ·ûɵسһ¡
ʱ˵أȻܲĴڡǣĻͷҲѰټĪ˵һ¶ū·;įи鲻סҲãֵҲգϧ
֮⣬ǿպǿبų㲻һУûйһʱһ̵ͣЪǻĲãǳŵĻԻͣޣ̤һֻءֻһִţ
һĬȻƬ̣Էҵתǰ

˵ֵܣ˵ؿҰħǡ
⡭Ǹɽȣ
ҲѰһʱ֪
ͷĪҪûûС
磬ֱ˴ˡ
һɽǰµϣ׳뺷Ӵһ磬ԲòӲʣŨüĿλˣǻͷ
ǰֵӳģƴ񱼣ֱʮչδ׷ͣ»ֻµ˺δҪȥҰںηһԺͿֻǿмײһƬƣѰһڡޣмС
ͷδȣв´һХ֮һƬӰӹͷ˼æȥɫ档
ǾһֻԶĴֱԽֱǰɽȶȥչ࣬ɶݼ졣ϥɷ⣡
ףΪĽ𶥵ɲ䵱š
ͷмʶӣȴֲ޵һڡϾִƹһ𣬼֮ϡ
԰꣡
Ҫࡣһ䣬ͷɽ£Աǰɽȥ
ͷϣһ´һ޵˵ֵܣΪ֮ϴļַء
£δ룬ͷҲصʵϴкγ
ͷܶ𣬵٩֪ϸһ
ߡ

˵Ц֮䣬˲ɽȡ
һֵڣֻܶȺ޵Ӱϵҷɣȵص䣬йУ֮£Ƥһԣڴִ
ǰȥԶֹס˽Ų
ͷͣЦڣȴǾ
Ĺȵ֮䣬һƬƬ֮£ŵߵаˣɫɫŮ죬ȴһϵΪ쾳붴쾳ĸ֮֡⣬ɽͱϷ䳲ĶнΣɽлжʿ
ڲԶһ£ϥǰƤϣڷż޹뼸ҩݣٲȻǰ̯ļơ˵Ҳ򵥣ʡȥ˵̵鷳
Ƴۻͷ̧˹ȥ
ͷǰֵʵλѣ˴Ǻڡ
ǰ̯λӣ˵ΪȴƤһ̧漴ȥ˯һ㣬λֵѯʸ
ͷЩ⣬׿
ǰ̯ԼӣĬĬҡҡͷǰȥ
ͷֻ׷ȥŴǰĻЩƵʵֵܣ֪ϴк֮
۹һбɫڴ
ͷȴǴ󲽲ͣ°һ˦ߵŪߡ
ػ⡣Ŀ˵ص״Ūأϴڴˣһ
ͷѵһ£һ̯ʿʵ˵غǷҰؽ硭
ϣǰ̯߾Ƥ̧һ£ˡ
ͷס˫üһʱûκΡ˵غŹ֣һ˶˲ɣ
ǡڴʱ;˴ŵ̯һۣʵѣԪۡ仰δ䣬̯ߺھ˫ֺۣõЦݻصԪûУ𵤵мһʯۡ
ͷһԲδȥʱŭˣſ߳ͬΪѯʣԵб𡭡űϷŪˣ޲һ߹ȥͷֻ֣ΪȻȰ˵ֵܣ̻
أڶĪ⣬ʵ˳ͻͷȻȴͷһܿһŻ߷ߵ̸ƨһԴɺͳԼǰľٶʱѧˣ
ǡڴʱһưƮ漴Ļ𣺡λӦǳħĶ֪˵Ϊħʹȡ
ֵͣ¡
һλķŮվڲԶãֵ˵ߣԻȴЩɵĻ˭㡭԰գ΢΢Цתȥ
ͷȻʧħģġ
ֵððʧʧشħģߴ˵طȴδ룬ﵹǸˣлˡܣ۹ڰһ٣ֳŻͷʾҿ
Һȴ벻ˡ
ͷԶŮӵıӰɻѣϣŭĪҪֶšû㿪צĴ֣۹һ


1215 ƴ
һ׹顱һڰµϡ֮Σķʾ⡣Χ߽£һɫ档
״ͷ̧űҪ߹ȥͷһǽƿȶС˲ִæţڽǰĶ
׹֮һλѪģĻӣ²ʡȴϢڣȻǻû͸Я֮ǰߣһݵߣ¹뷢Ұףɫ壬λСɵĸ֡µΧ˷˵λѣ˺Ϊޣư߻ħ֮пɲǡΪĳǿû¡ѪڻϣһǱ
ʱΧ˶ʮλʿ
˷ܵʴӣ놪£Ǯ
˸͵ǽ֮ʣٶ֡
첲ӣǴ
߱˳ΪʴӡһЦŲæط˵һ뾫Ѫʮʯǡ⡢อʯһݣ꣬ʯʮ顣ԪʵѵãλĪ
ܵƵƵͷһ۷ŹȲģȺǻţֻŷһѪʢ磡
Ҫ˸ࢻˣ
ڶʮͣͷؼΣס΢΢㵡
ͷվԣɫһ˫ȭ߬ø°졣˵ЩѼǿʳһδ޼·ʳʵŶֱ쳣
յ裬޳Ϊֻ֣ɱ˾ǣֱ˾ѪҲͰˣιҪɳʬǮĹǺôλͬڹ컯֮أ䱾ǻư߻Ϊ֮ޣ޳ˡΪʥĴڣڻ£ȴһԴԡĿ͸
ˡ
һǰȺдֻǸʴӻһâǽϺӵһȸϥնϡԷ鶯£ȴʱѪӿ˲ʧʱ׳ֻ룬˲ѽѪһƬ
ޡ
ͷݺһڣȻͣסɱһ̧űҪǰȴһʵҪһ٣Ȼס
վδ뻢ͷһѭȥ
֮ǰ·ŮӣһˣڲԶȻһ˫ʵҪƽ壬ֻųһڶ΢΢Цɫһ˿ƽѵ˵ظĪǻ
㡭
ͷŮӣɻȴһʱ֪Ӻ˵֮ʣʮжϾˣæǰ
Ůӻû˵꣬΢䣬Ǳתȥ棬Ż״
֮䣬ǵϺӵľѪѱ˸ɾʴӵ߲գǻӳâնͷ­ƶǣȡ˶ڴڳڷʳ飬ڹЦαȺʳҰǷʬ
࣬˸ͬܡͷ΢΢죬ŭɶӽղǱƽ壬Ҫһڶħ˶ԴޣգҪǺͬ³ǿ̣Ӳ̣
ͷƺһһ㱼Ⱥ˹ȥȥ磬˲ѳ嵽Ǹʴӵ͵һȭȥ
ڳľΪħ޵ʿҴ죬ǡ˶ۼȻ֮ġټϻͷȻѣڳ˽Դֲ
ǸʴӱϾλĸ֣壬ֻ֮䡣æòֺɱٽܣâһɲǣһɫâȻ
顪һէŽӰȻֿ
ͷȥ裬ס˼
ʴ͵طɳȺڰգǿΣŭޣ
Ȼ䣬ʹڳһ룬ڶ𣬸ٳһɫ䱸
ͷԼһе֣ȴδȡöԷֹסذϧȴʱ١Ⱥ羪ɢȴΧܵİԴǸʴʮɽϣӰԶӿ
ʴأ˼£ſվȣ巨ѱ飬󱳵Ҳ˺һƿڣǱģشȴް˰ǵѪҩ£δķ󺰵ǡǸޣҵģ˭
еӰ֮࣬𡪡
޷ħʹȣ˵ö֮
һɾСȵá
ĪҪ
סķ

ǰ󲻹գ۵ĹΧڼͷڵϣŭȫޡ·ҵӰȻʧ鷳ˡڴʱһӰ˽ǰ߳£Էɷ˵һץı۰
ͷʱһ񡣶Ĵɻ󣬽סͷȥǸӰѲ֪ȥ򡭡
һֱԹۡͷȻ֮ʣ˵ҲûȻͲסǻҷſֽŴһءǰࢻԵĳĮ˶Ѳá
޹ɱ¾ѪȣǶ֪Եı̢衣飬޲޳ζ˭νĴһ̮Եֻء
ʴӲŽҪ͵Ϯ֮˭϶Է˰ֲ·ӡϰݣмæ׷ϡñռ˱ˣǸԼġ
ֵŽڵɽȵİ֮УѱһƬҵӰסȥ·֮âȻϮǿɱƲɵȥʸ֮ģһʱ޴ӶܡץŻͷ֣ڰæ֮ſһ֮
֮ɲǣȺ
䡪
ʮ빥֮£ʱ˺֮𡣶͵ķ֮ȻϮӰ˫˫׹ɽȡ
ǡڴʱʴӳӭͷϡֱΪǰϲʧʱؼһ⣬ֻ뽫Էһܡ
ֵ׹֮ʣȻץŻͷɫ࣬кڵȻԵĻȴ۴Уģƴ˰
ͻȻֶͷ׹֮ƸȴȻתſƺݺݻӳһȭӰХűǡ顱һ죬ѪŽһӰķѡ
ǽ׷ĸʴӣ׵֮£Ͳ޴ӶܣûڱŰɱ֮С
һн˸ʴӵͣɶȥ
·Ĺȵؼ䣬һƬѪǽ壬Ǿ߲ȱȫʬϣҲá
ͷԭ˶ΣҪɨħʹȣҪɱ䣬ӽƴˡ
ֻɽϷİ֮УΧŲٵӰڶɡɡɾʿ֮⣬ʮλĸ֡һɱڣѽټһħʹȸΧ˸ˮйͨ


1216 ǿ
̤ƽħʹȣɱ䣬ӽƴˣ
ⷬ׳ѪŶѣֻһǰɱķ
Ī˵ٸ쾳ʿԶԸеʮλָ޴Խһǵֻ»δŶ֣ѱ˺˷顣ʣƴ
ֵⴳħ޵ľۼ֮أǻǰĻңһڷûǷӵٸħ޵ĸ֣ͽ޴ԡݾǲʬ޴³һƴ֮⣬
֮ʣ۹۰˷оϡԷȻ˶ڣ˻ҵ֮£δؾܵסԼ뻢ͷȥ·Ϊ׵ʮλ쾳ĸ֣ĸ󻼡лһλڵİߣǴʱ˿̵ǿУ
ǰһֻ·ƴˡ
δӽͷһâ֮һ䡢̶ǣŰŭ𡪡
ϡ
һէѲĴ̶ֵͳķɲǣ޴βɨɽȡŰ֮£ȵؼĹľʱ
໡
ؼһХƿȻſֽţ޿̵Ļͷ˼ɡŭһһɫĹâһͷʮɵɫ޻˫ͷǣص֮뽾ɱȻֳɲǣһ˫΢΢񶯣ȻϵȺȥ
֮УʿΧ֮ռЩˡ˭ǰ󲻹ϢĹͻȻǲǷ׻
׻ĴޣȻ˫˫ħʹ֮УĿãǽţ
֮ͬʱ˳ȵҴԪش˹ȣ˷ս
ԳƵĴԪӵߣڳΪߵһˡڶʿȻ֮ʣѴʮλ·һһȻ䣬ʩչͨһ⣬ȻƲɵ
˲䣬ѴӰ׻ԷԾǿĹƣ㲻ܣſڱһ֮֫裬ʱŭϮȥ̲գٿȻȥӰֻ°âҷһƽɽоþòɢ
׻һԲۣ˫һ񣬻һɫ磬תɽܵһʿ
һʱ֮䣬ħʹɱŰʮ﷽Բڵǧɸ߿֮УâӰҴܡ
䡪
ײҫ֮УĽƼ˫ǿԣӰȴƾʧ£ٽȵؼĹľƷһƬ
֮޶ǿΣͼʮλԺبڵ֮УʶѰ١еĴԪ䲻ʱȵԷӴܡв˳ַɽȣӰȻ֡
Ԫӹ˲ô߶ɽæǣһɫʮʯ͵ֱ˶Ӱ顱һ죬ͷһȴԿ棬צ裬Ų緭ķʿܣ͵رβ˳ȥԿѪԳ֣漴˫˫׹ɽȡµʿӲԳˡ
ǿڵĸ֣Ȼβһɨ֮֮׺ɴ˿ɼһߣ
Ԫ˫ֵĺɫʯڿնȻʮɴСٲһʯɽ۾ᵱնƾˡ̧һָʯЮźХķɱźֱײݺȥ
˲䣬׻ѳȺ֮Сֳ֮󣬷Ϊһ㣬ȶֵľ磬ټߵ׺֮Ʋɵꡱһ˱צ˺룻顱һ˱βͷ­ꡱһڣֱӱȥ˰ӡѪĽҺ˷
ͷɱ뵲סȥ·ʮλ
βٴκɨһˡԷѪɽȣۿǲˡʱ֮ϣȻҡͷתˣɫľ֮ƴ
ɲǣһƬããѵĽĪɱȻ
κ̷ȴͷȻѱʯͨһʱԳ֡һ˲ʮâȻ¡֮У֮Ƶػ³ȴԻعķãȻ޴롣Ҫ޴ɡû
ߣֻʰͷ׻ڽӣ
ԪӾӸ£ͣǺɫܵʿƿ񹥲ֹ
ڴʱãȻ̧ͷһ˫ǳ֮Уһ˿İȻ͵ſһʮɵ֮ĺΪ֮伹нҫ֮Ȼ漴죬ѣƱ
ԪӲҪӳַȴΪʱɫӰ΢΢ҡΣ顱һɶ𲢼СȻƲ١֮ŭɱ졣æʹֵ˭δǷһ
ʮλڵĸһǿһ쭳šвӦ䣬ٿȻ˶ʱײ˳ȥµʿæܡǰû赲ȥ·󿪡
Ƹʢŭ𣬳һɳ죡
𣬻Х
׻Űɱʮ֮Դʹ졣ٻս漴Ӧת˫񶯣ٿȻһ׷ȥ
ХڣֽûӰֻʣһȺʿڰδ
Ԫͨ
ħʹУľã֦Ҷءһʮʬ䣬Ŀ
ԪǸòѰİߣϲŭɫټһǷΪȻŹ֮벻׵ĶʱȴĿ۽ǳ鴤ȵ׷
Ƕ֣ɽܵڶʿӦ
׷׷ڼſڣסǶǿ񻢡ǿ֮УǽûκΣ
״ԪӸŭ
λħֻ˵þӪħǣȴħ֮ˡȣΪá뵱֮ǿʢֻǲͬҲΪ˽ȡ֮ģ˰֮
ԪĶ룬߳ķħģĿáȥ޶ԣҽԵҾ¡۹ӹܣתǿաʮλʮλɾĸֲҵһȥµʿ֪²ãд֣һӰΡȵǽ壬ֱĪ
ħʹɽһͱ£һСɵĶ֮ڣһŮӱŶΣһĿȻֻܶڴ˴ܱħʹȽ֧µüĿ˼
׳ֱĺˬӣȻһˡĳСмƣ
ֻһأԼ᲻ѡ뿪
Ҳ֪Ŷ
֮
Ű˼ںηء


1217 Ʋ
һһף绮ǿգٿ֮ȥһֳӰ˫˫֮ʣҡͷβ̶ɱ׳Ÿ԰ݲŴֻ
ֵӳħʹ֮һ˼ʱǻħ޵ĸֲû׷ȴǧ֮׺УοЩŹ֣
ͷʶ˫磬ЦĪǱ˵ӡ
ûֻ꣬ԶĶȻӳħģ㲻ǸԪ׷ָδȥ
ħڵĹѱһƬ޵ĵơƵ׺ķĿռʣƬƬɫʱã˷룬˿Բ²⡣
ӻȪġħһ·߹ɺһƳĴæȻһϴټֵȥԸһŵڣҪȥҰڤڤ֮оţϴǸط
㻢ֳ󣬶ݷΣǷ㲻£
ͷɱʮˣȫˣǳ˿ʲƴݷ·磬ȴƣǽ
ĪҪƲ𻢸Ϊһ쾳磬˲á
ͷԿһ֮δת۱Ҫս§ȥ漴ʲôæһһԣӶֺԵֻѰϴҪչΪҪǿѹһͷ
ͷ˵ţ˵ͷⱲӵֵܡӲʵϺ¶Ц⣬һ㵽˽ǰһ§ԷǰԵƵв
ͷһʱѲãӾǲ
ǺǣԶһɣȴ׻ദ޼䣬ټ
뻢ͷϷˣԶͻȻ˵
ǰİ֮⣬ðһŲۣݿ£˫ĿݣΪĪ⣬Ʈǿ֮СʶȥͬһӰޣȴʵĴš
״ֵͷһٿȻֿ
ͷʧϹӡ
˫ĿնǾǸϹӣ
꣡Ǹˡ
ʶ޴ӲһԵֵܵĵϸһλĪСµⷬ׻δ֪
ϹӣĪڳƺϷ򡭡
΢΢㵡Դӻȥ˫Ŀ֮󣬻û˸ǰֱԴ¡ַ룬Գ漴ֲΪȻҡҡͷϹкηܺùľɳ
ͷȴλǰΪ˫Ŀѣι㡭
˭ֻΪ޸Ĳȱ׾١ߵľֹˣȴźڶۿˡйŹ֣̽ʵ羴Զ֮
ͷЦɫתֵֵֹܸ·ʧ㡭
⣬뻢ͷˡвȥܺһʹγͶŲ衣ͷһ̲סҪȴ°̾һ˵ϷΪ²ϾչأκΡ
ֵһʱ磬ȴѸʮֵս⡣ö룬ԷǶڵĸɡ׷ħʿһ𣬶һ˸Ϊ£

߻һתǲ׹ΪȻֵ˴ħʹȲ˵ҪϷƴǷ˲֮
ģȻħĵǰ
ͷ֪ˣ͵һڣ¶˫ۺͷĪΪֵܾ㡣Ҵսһ
ɫɱڴͷưˣµαħʹȣһڵĸˣֵûм֮һΨһ;ܷӵõȫ˿İա
˭߲δŭǴЩɻʵλˣ
⣬𡣻ͷȴʾʣΣ
ǺǣʵĴӣϷϵеλϿǰ󴫳УȴԶޡͬ
ѴӻͷĻ˶ߣתЦȷĶֺ֣ιҪǿأնۿ£˵˲ʵذϷ£ӴǣħĵľΣ˴תֵܣɫڴ
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ⷬ⣬ּջλһڰ˻֮Сֻûˣ֮ΣޣǧѷĻԵû˭״
ֵ˴˵۹ȴ˸ͬ顣
Żͷ΢΢ףת߾˵лϵĺ⣡κֵܽΪ֮ˣɱ壡ɴ࣬ɫɡ
ͷȻͣţԲֵܲɶ־Ҳ
ֵȫη壬һɫȻ
⣬漴ŵҡͷ˵ѵʵӣ˵յһһŮ
ߣͷһ׳ظһͦ˵ʲôҼϴڡ
ϣ仰˻ģʿħʡɻʲǰǳһ۷ڡı󣬾Ȼðһڣ
һ˫ڶۣԳǿĬĬʧ汻סˡ
ͷ׳һݻ󣬽סԵĬĬһƳɫĪתǰĶ
Ǻǣǿ֪ߵغ񡭡
Ƭ̣֮ͻȻЦ꣬һ˦˵ʵ˵䣬Ҫһλĸˡа䲻ʵĪϷ飡䲻֮ǰͣȻǶɱ
һ޹ȻǳȴΪã㵱Լ˰װռ˱ˣǵĴɳ
ߣƲԣƶûá
֮ͬʱһɱϢ޴Ӷܡ
ͷɫ΢䣬
ʵڣû˭Ǹߡ˵Ŀ滰κ˼Ҿǲšˣ㱨ϴиƨáΪ𣬶ȴǺģûһ˭ءΪ֮ƣġ
ͷһᣬתҪ
˭ΣͷλȴûĬǳǰ˵Ȼ϶ʣ²ʵ桭
Цġ
뻢ͷ׷֮ˣֵ֮֮顭ɫ򶨣ţ˵Ϊˣʵ빲ĺֵܡһδһˣض˻ģ
˻ģЦϷ㲻˵ôһλĸ֡мҡҡͷ漴ȴ΢΢һסɻһĸһ


1218 пΪ
ǿ֮Уɶš
Ϲ˫۵ߣ˵ݵ͸Щɻȴ̬Ī⡣һֵĿκƶ·ã;֮С
ʣ֪η˵
һֻһ˴֣֮
ʷҪΪãһµ򡣶ͷǶ൱˼컢ת֮£漴Ȼ
ں֮УϴһֲզأûһͷĴϿڣ͸硣
㾹ҳϴ󣿻ͷѰˣĪҲ㣡
ڴ˽֮ʣͷȻһ䣬תǰһ̧ںش˵ҸţҼϴһֵΪߣСǻߺߡԷΪȻԴ룬˵ĸһͬͬ߶ӡһ֪
ͷΪ˵ˣظش˿ִŻȥļƣ˫ȭһգȵͷսˣϤ㣡ֵܽţ
һѪͲ˽գһѪĳм̡˴˵ԨԴ֮븸ֵûɳѵĹֻ߲׼֮ŶԻ֮ѰҶԲߡ˭ϻͷļ仰˵ʹ죬ȴԾ·
ˣֵͬģȫƴһأ
Ϸֻһĸȴ˵Ȼߡ
ǡڴʱȴ΢΢һδǴĪɫ˵ϷϵһˡΪɾ붴֮䣬ۡᣬǫо֮硣˵ϴ󣬻һ桭
ǲҼϴ󣡡ͷŶԷ˵꣬ǸɴشϵҼϴһҲӣƵĲ룬о֮磬ʵװģһŭֱˡ
Щȥˣ߳ͷڮϴ󣡡
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ͷȻеûȴûĴʧ͵سǰӳһȭһǿĽƶʱͷϲȵߡ
һпͻȻȴΪ֮Ȼף̫ϣ
΢΢㵣ȴ룬˿ĳɡʧʧæһץסͷı۰Զ
ת˲֮䣬һһ⽥ʧǿ֮С
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ǡڴʱԶ׷ʮӰٽ
˵ķһȥΡ

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һʯϷģСڰ֮СƱãХΪĪ⣡
ʯ֮ϣԶžŸСһɽЩɽ뼸λͬڡǺᣬʤڻƧѰǸ޵ĺõط
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ڴʱлϤ֮ʣ󿪡ɴǰɴԽ硢ķ
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һȺ˲УھָΪ֮ǰͷ¶棬ֻöƧĽ̵ȴ˴ǰ硢ıؾ֮أջб֮δ֪ʶȨ֮˵
˵ͷӦ죬ؾ鶯硣һ£ֵұԣܾгɶӵ˻ģȻӣ
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Ǿ쵽Ļղͬǳ֮תʵֳ˷к򣿡
δŴ𻰣ת̤붴Цչƿдã
ǼªɴСһѰɽѡŶڣһλŲ۵Ķӣͷɢģݣ˫ü罣۹ɫЩ̴֡Žǰ˵ͷһ˵޴󰭣ʱգѰѡ
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һнķ֮ʡͼֺͽ֮˵νĶȡħǣһ仰עţǡʱ۽աʱΣ˵ĳŵھˮ°Ķ˶Ʈ졣ЦǸɵСȴ棬ĵơһΪ
Ϲӣкθϵ
ĿлϤԭί֮һɾΪ飬εºܣֳǷ϶
̽˼أȻˣ϶ص˵ͷ˵ⲢȥԵɡ֮˵εºܡ
Ļл˵Ը꣡
һ˫ۣ˵Թƣ׻飬һʥߡʶɾ͵ۻ֮λͺ֮סΪˣ׳־ʼĴӡκеıϿǰԲѪδȱֵһͲΪߣȴ֮ĹܲΪ֮棡Ϊߣҵȵ
뵱λ׽ԱΪ֪ؾǧ֮öھ֮ʣһСˡһУ˼ȵľŴˣΪǷһ顣񣬻ǸСӣ޵׷档ʮǰǾµĳŵĪ˱һߣ˭˵ֲһΪأ
⡣Դ˲ÿɷֻ˵ΣҵȶħƲ
СȥҰһתǺǡ˴΢΢һЦֵΪڱչ֮ǰרһħġпգҵȴпΪ


1219 ħ
һʰ׶С
ǧ겻һҲӣòɣʹǹŵһĨ޵ЦݣǹȥӣΨһɫƣʾݵͬɢƣǶڵСɡ
˵ķӶ棬ȴһֵ͵Ĵݣ
µʯݣ߰ɿһ߸ߵͣţԶԶһʱûͷ֮ȥؼƻȻһһĿ޴ڵĽƣԼΪڶĸɫ˵ȣΪ˼ƽ˼Īء
ǰңӰζŮٸ죬ħʿУľȫżܼһĸһšߣͷ¹Լ֪ĹޣΪ˶ϣŷ׼е֡
ħǣ
һʯ׹գһɽƺǰҽֵչȥǼ˸ʽʯ¥Ʒ¥ӰûӦסլ̵ڣЩңȴ־Ȼ
һ̤ʯƺתбʯϣֵϵ龰·ǧ֮⣬ʱǵߴʯţʿءǱǵ֮һ̫š
֮ν̫ߣҲˮʶǵţֱΪš̫šţȡķ֮⡣
ǼȿŲ˰أйءߣðƲǼ᷽ɳ롣ͳٿʯһɾصķáƵʱЧǧ֮ãҲʵݡħԼҵʿһ١
йأɡоڶ࣬ɷӣΪ˼޹ѰƶޣʮɷУв䡢üݡôءƿ֡ΥߣȥǷϳΪȵȡ
էһ䱸ɭϵǣʵǰ֮ʣѵõɡ
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νĽֵһ޴Ľݣȥƽ߲Ƕȥʯ¥ªĲ֮⣬ɽ͵ĶɽʯͥԺէȻһɽҰ֮䡣ؼеӰ뱼۵ĹޣԼҵһʶŴ˵صĲͬǷ
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һתһȦת˳ȥΪħʿԷƣæڳƳϲǰźԸȤȥ֮˳ֻȡһƤ
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һص˽ֵϣһǰУһߴ֮꣬һӣƤƶˡƹĿе֪ΨжǰȨλߣħеħҲ˵ߣųϵͷΡ
룬һħǵĳϣҡһĽֵϣ˲ĿԶԶرܡ
һٽֵûȤ½ӿ졣Ԧ޼УԸǰȥ֮󣬷ὥϡֵɽƽߡֵĽ־֡;š̫šڵʯͨе˾ͷʱȻȥһյĹ򡣶ǹͣһ㣬ɣȻ
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һ˼գɵʧħǼȷ־Ų㣬һһѰȥǶϳѰ񣬱նرչءŶΪƣ˵ľ磬ӦòС
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ʯͷ״ԲΣɵĴСͨںڲŵĹΧܵĶʮˣһΪȡʿΪ׵ޣɾڵľ磬Ծʯͷ࣬˴˻ʾ
еýˣӳп֪ŵΡǿʯͷΪʯмУΪ֮ܡֻ㷨һȥвͬĹâ֣ԺڡࡢסࡢơϺڡࡢϳࡢϽɫʾΪǿߵ͡
мʯͷ棬˾ۼڴ˽£²ͷˡʵһֱĶĲɷ˵ĵطԼʤӮµʱҲ뷽跨Ѱ֡ööģ˭˵ֲ֮еأ
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ߣһʯ
Ըķ䣬㲻ɣ
λ춯֣Īĥ䡭
Ͳһʯ
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ڹУ˸ͳһʯһԵĵϡĿ֮£Ҳ⡣꣬ڴʯǰߴվ͵ػӳǰȥ顱һ죬ɫʯͷ΢΢̶˸һг೤ɫâһƬкУ˺󼸲ʾλѣͽ̡
߸޵нţƵ´ֲӣ˽Ƥɷµس˿ǰζһƻȥһ֮УɫʯͷȻһ߳ɫâк𡭡
״ɫ΢䡣Ϊʤȯգ˭϶ԷΪԣʵķɾ۷֮ϣԼѷһŹ֣
âȥɫʯͷָԭ״
߸޻ָŵ̬һЦֵãδ䣬ѲĻȡ˵ϵʯ
޺תȻȥ
һһ֣ҡҡͷ̧űĹȿȥ
֮ͬʱڴкλǰɸ½һءͷ٣
һԹǰУûȴֲòͣڳ˽ԿԼ


1220 ˵Ц
һͣ½Ų۹ӹܣȷ˳Լѭȥ
ӮȡһʯԵʣǸ߸޺緢ģб۴һԹЦ̨ʤλǰӦòǱǵʿ
һͷ°÷صһЦе۹ߣܿԼһװء
Գ̨ʤֲ֪ߵغ˵֪޵֮ͨڽǵĴλǰжΪȴδŹӲı¡
һЦ˵¶˳顣˵ڵ٩һλǰʵԹ߰⣡
̨ʤû˵²ԸʹֽһǰɸӦսΨһӦָǰʯʾһ˺ӮȡͷֶΪأǰǽ⡭ǸУ
ΧһЦȻֵĲ´
һ۹Ѫɫһţ漴һƲ΢΢ҡҡͷ
˵ħ֮вѰƶʯĽӦòΥʶЩ˲Ż˵޿֣컯֮£սһλǰ޷죡
ǺǣϲĶʧˣ
ڴ֮ʣ˭һδŭҲûУǶһ仰󣬴ǵһĨЦݼǰ
״̨ʤЩ⡣
ϳˡǸŶΪȴηսǰ

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һһ٣Ǵ˵ӣΣ
»ų֮ˣ̨ʤʧɫһŽһڣתȥȴɲģһΪ衭
һǸ̨ʤıӰһƳĬȻƬ̣ü΢΢ʶ£̧ǰȥ
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֮󣬱ǹȿڡ˴ͬ˰أλʿһҪ뾳еһλ߳ڳǰȴҪԱ㿱ݡ
ȿʮɿѰûҼϷһƬǽ˲ð
һֻ֮ͣʻ׿ȥ
Ǹ̨ʤޣ뼸λԶˡʯԣֻϡ輸ϡ档
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һ׿ЩΡҡϲδݱʶ£ͳǿɫơ
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ⲻһƬɽ֣аֳеģǵĽзֻһƺˣʶɼԶʯͤɽ¥ּݡͱڶʿûӰԪŨ滨ݱأʧΪһչ޵ĺڡ
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ħǣֻաǰڳŴرݣ޷¾ħǵĸ֣ħ֮󲢽УΪݻò˭ϴ˵صĽز衣Σǳǹһ
ȥ鷳֮֮Ϊ˻ͷ˵䣬Ѱһһûջ񣬼뿪Ƿ֮أ
һɽϵʯǰⲽϸϸáԾѣ˼ֵмƽϣ˴ԶжкǺǣѿҪǰ¡
ħǹоŲ㣬졢ɡ֮󣬱ǵĲ¡ǣ˶ʿסĵطǰߣȻΪ
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˵Ҳ˿һµĺɫƣֻСвͬӦħ޵ơԱ֮תֺõЦʣλʦֵ֪γƺںδ߾ͣ
һ΢΢ü漴ԵһЦħͬǧһһϵáĳ縺вҲա
ԭʦ֣ǺǣӲδЦʵʦڴѰ٣񣿡
˵ǻ࣡һʵ
Ӿʾʦ֣Ҳ̸߱
һԳɣɽڡ
Ǻǣʦ֪ʡ졢ɡ㣬ΪһЩСĵط䲻ıżջ񡭡ضѭɽּͨǰСһ߷˵һóһʾǺСתã
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ƬήҶӣＫΪ
һᣬû¿ȥʶǧɱ֮⣬ԶεǾ۵סɽ֡ͱڡ֮䣬ȻһϤӰ֮Ҳ޴Ӿ졣ͷڴˡ
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һ۹һӣ΢΢һסμӿ죬׷Ӳ磬ʵֺ
ʦ־ȻϵôӺزһƳɫ΢˵ˡѲݡƬơѵʶ֮ܡ
һأԶҶӣƬҶӣ׳ʶ֮ܣлйǸӵĲ
ʦֵݣʶһ㣬Ǻǡӻ˵һ룬ǺЦ伮أѲݣ֮ʱѡΪֻϧѹѰȻɵֹ׳ʶݴǰ֮棡ұܵöֻ֮֮ھΪ桭
һβɫ˼ǼƬҶѿήȴİǧȴ˭ʲէȻһȴȻԲ飬ջ
΢΢һתЦʦ֣ιɫ죿ܲѹɣǺǡ
Ӳ࣬Ǹ˾
һȻӿ죬Ӧصв֪ѹǺģ˵ĳժҲδ֪
۹գ£漴ΪȻҡͷЦǺǣʦ˵Ц


1221 Ű˹
ɳǣǡ
Ƭɽּ䣬Ųġʿ
ڽܹϽ֮⣬뽻ɲƵʯɾʯȻˣеĸʿĸԸؾۼڴˡԭŨžĵĶ֮ͬĻͨޣԼħǵıӻʵĶѡ
Ϊͨǰﻹǿôһط
ɽּ䣬ӰһǰһǰС
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ţ¾Ų䣬ȴֻһͨʳơŰ˹ء
ǺǣȻλħȴܴޣԿ⴩Խƶħ⡭
ɴǰɵִϳǣʦƣǹؿмֳǳصģ
һƬտɽϷȥƣеһλ˵ͣһλһԲɫҲ
ͣ½Ųͷкʦ֡۹һлȻģæЦǺǣֳϡʦֵλ磬֪ܲħǵϸ¶죬ĪҪ黳ǡ
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һԴǰСԽӵԣδ
һ·֮ϣӱһȺ˸ͷеô֮ӣͬб˴ˣΪ£ݲͬ˵ǫֺãǺ;һੲݣһһԣΨɴ׽ĵЦݡ
Ǻǣʦ֣ҵȵȡ
Ӽһæ˹ȥ˵ħǾŲ㣬ϣŽϡ
˲䣬˵˳ǰصʿɫ׷ȴδƶȥ·һλɾΪ˻ʾλǰʾƣ
ӲΪ裬˳ֽ˹ȥЦԵħǵĳϣ뿱ݣС
˽ӹƣϸϸ鿴һ˫ַŹǰй³ϴǰߣһһ󡣻ǰ£
̧ץƹ䣬ΪȻغǺһЦת˵ʦ֣ĪҪһʶƤ⣬Ժڻƣ̶̵˫ü£һ۾ɷ
һȻ˫֣ɫȻҴݡһԵӣתĸ˽ħʿһ㽫ԷתԶ۹͸Ī
˽ӹƣز鿴꣬óһöҶ꣬ʲôλʿɫɡ
ЩͷˣЦѵǺǣֳϻмٲɣٲУСĳﲻ𣡡
ǿֻηӵԴǶţ˳£򣬹ơ
һһץԭ
˲λΪͬȥ·ֵλǰ롭
Ӹʾ⣬ʦ֣롭
һŻعͷԼĸŵʿ΢΢һЦ飬Ȼһ漴һķӰٿȻĳš
ʦ֡ιæ
Щ⣬Űŵ˺ݺݵһۣ׷ȥ
ţӭͬһƬɽ֡ߡǧ﷽Բ֮ڣΪԲԵڡзʣ滨Ʈ㣬洦ŵ̫֮Уʹһ
һ裬ηҡֱϣתɢʶѰķǱ鲼ɽּĴС½䲻һһߣȴǣɣ˴ûҪҵˣ
ϣʦֺôӡ
ӲųţѰ٣̧ͷɫһֻԶɽۣʮħйأʮɷСλʦˣ
һûçײƮȻ·ء
ӼæӭȥʵʦּȲǰУȥη
һ˵ĳؽתһˡ
΢΢㵣ȥһס˵زá
һɣƮȻ硣ҷ֮УŨü΢΢боڣӦʵΪλزá
⡭
Զԡʹסͷһң̧ٳһâȻȵðħǳϣ־ܡ
һڿУƱˣٴʣԼã
װ֮⣬ѱ˻֪ħڵĶʿȴһӵĺڻƤ鴤£۹һ˿⣬ȴ߳мˣת˻𣺡С¡ǵĵѣǰˡ
顪
Ӻ𣬱Ȼֹȫ֮£һɫĽٿȻ֮ͣ綴ɸֵȫһͽ޴Ӷ⧲ȻըʱѪ׷ɡһƲʶ֮УǸʦʮ̤նԼţԻһˣֳֽ𽣶ɱݡ
ɽѪδأһ϶ΪһֳֽȡһֻǬ䣬ɣֱʱĳŵĳȥ
֮ǰ֮ʣһѰɱһȻС껹ǽ𵤵Ϊɽ˱ԪӤ֡ƾɾ۷ľ磬Է͵Ϯ־ڱɱȻһСɵĶָڻ£
ǸǸˣȴԶʧΪƣͣѾǰװ״
ĳ֪գȻյأʵȲѣ뻢ͷʧɢʮ꣬ѰһİȻм¶ﻹʲô˼ɡ˭·ֻɱȥ
һŽɱӣѱĸصʿֳ˳ţԷɫңһæƣͼرͨҪ
֮ͬʱãǰסϳУӰҷɶɱ
һϾˣμӿ죬ǰһָ
һĽٿȻһײδƵĽֻһɫĿ쭺ȥΪ׵ͬԲ֪룬գۼûһƬХĽâ֮С
һԳţһǽ壬˳ֻǬ䣬һؿ
֮䣬һʮﳤɽǽӵʾȿڵĿյѽۼʮӰΪʿȴ֪˺£һԭǻãȻ޴롣
һ˲ɽ֣嵽ɽ֮ǰ
ͬʱг׵Ļ𣺡̷֣Ű˹ء
ɽǰʱһƬҡ˴󺰣Ҵܣ˳ż۶һӰеء
һȥ磬ɱȻǰ㣬һֱһֵĽӭչļµĹâӰҷһɺ磬Զ϶£͵뵽˻ҵȺ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ѪɽҺ𡭡
ʮɽȣգۼ
һ˿һѪ·ת˲ѳ˹ȿڡ
ȿǰɽϣһȺΧǿ顰ʯڶеһ˺һһ漴ȴ΢΢һԷֳֽ𽣣̬ɱڡ
һͣᡰʯԡԼԶӰǾԽɽ£ֱɽ³ȥϢ֮䣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣ԶԶɼʱǵ̫ѱΪٵ켰ĸԴţ¡


1222 ľ˽լ
Ű˹طһ̣ħǱͭǽڰ
ɴ˿нһʱȴɵ̫ãһ˵ħ֮Уԭǲɱʱս٣һ⣡
һ֪ǻӵؼСԽ״ɽ룬ֺǵɽνȥӰȻرգиֽԴȥ·ѾԶӰȻǷм֮ˣΧڼ
ҪǱˣѰѡһΧı£ڽӣ
һӰ΢΢һΡ
ã޷Ŀ֮Σ
һ̧һüġüӡǵĽâһ䣬̬¶ٲȻģ˲䣬֮ĶڼеȴٴαԭģһεӰȻֳ;ת˱𴦡
һȥȻӿ죬Ǽ׹ֱĳšŴǽ䱸ɭϣһӰ˷׷Ȼˣ˫ȻһѺɫľ޸ݺݵسǰȥ
ֻ֮УһһȥƷ߰ɵĺɫ޸źХķҵɱգ۵Ĺ˸ߴĳϷ
ʮλʿڳǰأ״ҵæɽԶ׷ʿһҪض·һȲط˹ơʮϰٵٿƾˣ
顪
һ֮У쾳ʿֱӱӡɫľ޸Ȼȴδǳ˳֮ϡǺһߴ̵ּĳŰȻµʮʿǴҴҶܣһƬң
һƳ嵽˽ǰֱĳŴ˹ȥǸ׼ĶͽҪٴμɫ޸ʮϰٵĹƺȻ
¡¡
Ʊѣâҫ֮һը졣ʮɸߵĳȻ£ŶеĽƾ㡣һӰͬʱ÷飬˲ʬ޴棡
Լɱʿһ־ϲȴֲĪǴصԵβѪŽȻ˸ɾ
֮ͬʱһεӰѳƴֵתۼѵ˷ܼѰһԺ䱳ƫƧСڣԽһʯǽأһöת̧
Ǹħʿľ뿪Ұ֮ڳһ˽Ժ䣬Ϊȡ֮أڼΪءΪ˸ֵѾԴšó
Ҫ֪ħйأ˭Կ䶴ᡣеĶ뷿ԼʿеǼᲢר˹ϽľΪħǵʿȻӵһΪ֪˽լɼڳоӪ꣬ͽ޹
Ժգɽ½ʯݡ塢ɴСͥԺһȦʯǽΧţйľ͸ѵõľԺ˨ϣһ⼣߲ͭʯȴ޴ΨŽա
һֻԴֱʯݡٽǰеһ֨ѽһʯԿһķ϶һС΢΢ġѵһʯҵѻָԭ״
ڰ֮УĳʪùζʶܵĿɼʯͨʯ齡ʯʯʯʾȫеһУͬǽڡݶש԰Ƕһ㲻ײĽơ
һлͫ˸һ̤˰ڷǽǵʯ齣ֻӶе򣬽µĽƶʱֳһڡɣȻ³ֱɹȻһյڡ
һµʯңˬɴСıڹ⻬һΨеһѲӣ񷶥ǶļөʯɢʵĹâҲ޽ķٲȻһĴڡеĺô̫֮
һطȫؿԡѰָβ
ʱĳˣһͷȺûֱ·ϾԮͲ伣òһڣаֵ
һ룬һ˲Ѵʯҡв£ȥһٶȻ
ħǣ治ͬ졣µܣȻ鲼ơĽ֮Уȴֳһխķ϶ϷʯҹУֻ¾ڴϸͨϵʯнϡǰľֻδ׶
һŵͷסһ
ĳ˵ĵǹ󣬶ÿÿºȴȴ֡սУĪĿ⡣ʹԼٴΣʱ̽еĳ嶯η塣ǰսıʿŽɲǣ̲סѪš
ÿصգܿءǹڴˣ֪᲻Լƶçײ̻ǵãһС֮УλʦѵĹ׿˵²ƣ˴ĸԴΪ֪ҳʡҪҵưѡȵȡ
ת֮䣬ǧȥĽ̻岻
һĬȻƬ̧̣ͷȥ
ڵĵ£ĪĽ֮⣬޶ʯϷСԺҲɡħȻŰ˹أĸֲδƾڶԼڵʿҪħѰ˴Ĳ̫ף
νߵ۸ߵ͹ԲСƣ˴լԺǡڽƵķ϶֮ϣɺϣȴľΪУתŰĳҶһ٣ͷȻ벻һһĵ֣֮£ͬ
һԸпһ¡
ǵƵķ϶ֱͨȥխխѲݴСŨ̫֮ȴԴԴӿķӳŵµӴǳ׼˴ħǵĵ
һ˼˶ְҡҡͷת϶ȥ˲䷵صʯ֮Сŵµţ̧Ž߿漴ǬóһӾꡣ
ǵõٲݽᡱеһµķֱ˰ﴨӡ̫֮棬붨ٺò
һڵϣʩʩȻȴЪϢֻϵĶ

ӽӻʾرŰ˹أΧȺɱֵˣǰ󲻹Ĺħ֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߣ
˾ǻȴû˵ǲԸ˵
ӰԶתۼѵ˳֮ǰڴ˵İٶλʿڵϣһ˾ּ
ӣŲ۶ơΪͬòҲһһλü룬Цһλģݣ˫ݶ۹䡣
Ԫӣʦڣ˺ڣ
ϣʵ֮ǰĪ˵
ڰ֮Уѱ˴˶˿ڽǡλݲףֱħǵĹ³ԪӡǰǶڵĸ֣ꣻֻжĳڣֻܵħãߪ֮λ˴бǿͬн٣໥ִϡ
һǰһΣʿ׷ǰ
λϣ˷
ҵ֮ͬ£в֮
ʬ޴桭
߿ڰ֮ʣ̧´żڽɫЦǺǣʬ޴棿Ӵ˰ɡ


1223 ĥһĥ
Ԫ룬ɫЩѿ
ϻصؾ˴֮Ԫӱ㽫еƸȥˮʦ֡׷Ŀ๦ϣڷ⿪ίԳϵΣֻΪѰǸһѪɷӵ䡣
ԪӵҲ־зΪԱ㱨ĳ֮
Ǹһթƻ궼ռˡӵûӰΪ֮ƣֻħǵš
⣬ԪӼǵǸһȡˮƼһħԸϽʿԴϼӽ䱸һ֣Էݣ
յԪûһֱڶھޡݣû֮ΪԷڰ֮ʣȻӵʾ
˳ħѻ뵽ħǵĵ㡣ֻͬУŵʿųٳû·֮ʣѲⶾ֡
һˣݿʿǰĴѶǸİӲˮʦֵƣŻۣɱ¾˼ɣǲһ˭ˣ
ԪӺţħǶۼӵʬףԼϳǵĳǰһǽ壬ʱ³˴µΡ
ǸͬŵʦֵܣԪӵĵλΪ۲˴֪֪ףԭ޸֮֡
ƾɶøһ죬˾ĬĬŶһ޳أ
ǺԵ֮£ӻڳһˣϳ˶Էơ䲢δŵشǰħǵĸߴ޷ҪռһֹͣڻħĴࡣ˭ϲŽϳǣһշԼҵ
Ԫӹ˲ӵȴҵæԼͨǵĹؿ𼱻ǵʱؾһ¶ħȴ˹
ѱǲѰ䣬ȴʳٳٲϳǣ޷ǲǼλħ޵ĸˡʱð˳ⲻԶҪˣ
ʶΣĻ֮ץŰѱ
֮ǰٶλʿԣһ֮󣬾صȴŹ³ϵķ䡣
ԪɫǴֻڶô侮ʯ
Ƭ֮ųŵϷЩȵ˾ѵһħ޸֣׵ɵأԪӣѰ˵䣬ذĪ˵Ų㣬ħཫʹ˲
ԪӺ˵˹ϽԺйϣְ⣬ȴԽ֮ӣ
ħһĴСˣԪӹϽ£Ըһ԰ְţȴֱֲϣֻǿŭԵѣ
Ԫӻˣǽסȥ΢΢һ
ǽһɵʯͣнƼӹ̣ӲǳˣʮɵĳϷǱһ೤ѿڣĴĿġδɢȥɷϤһ㾹ħǣǺõ
ֻϤֻ࣬²ΪϲᲪȻŭسΧ֮£ǸѪɷӵء
Ǻǣ֣ʶ顣ձǹɣ˭ŽգͽκΣεغǺһЦдʵؽ˵˴ͬһţԹۣһͬѰ˵䣬Աħع򡭡
ǳûңǿвִ£õ
Ԫջ۹⣬ٴɫ˵һ£ݸ䡣мƽϣͷġ
תԪӣźɵɫͱ˵ʵ㲻оɶӣ»ưɡԷ粵룬ķֱ׳˻ˡʬ˭ҾʹգƲҿֵ˵Ͼǵ£˼֪Ҫ
ԲӡԪӱƼˣæܵ˰ڰ֣͵תǲ˵ŽĿãΧϰͬż֤ҿƾͨӳ⣬ɵתδ֪Ȼˣա󣬺Ȼطһ䣬ֵʶмƽϡҷ£©ұˣʵϣһͬǰħ
һͬǰħҪѰħֹŨͷֻֿԣ
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ԪӳԶȥıӰһڣδԻͷһ۹ӹܣתĬȻ˼
ڶħʿȻԭصȺŷԸ
֮ĽֵϣΧ£ֵȺȺ֮УòѰӡһλϸĿ룬ֹƮȻȳȣһλխСԹ塣
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ԪƬ̣ħǵʿѲšѰȫǣǻȫɵģӦŵְйߣʹ͡λͬ㲻ϱ¡Ǽ֡
֮󣬸æµ
ԪֿǳϵѿڣתҴȥ
һƽʵ򶯵ȫͷڱһҡڳħޣΪ塢ľ磬ɶڱСһڳڣȻڽӡǾߣߡ
ħͻȻ˳Ҳ˽ȥ
ħǵİ֮⣬һ糾͵ϸڰֹסȥơһҵ۹дЩƣп߶ţʱǨ˷ǡյΪŽգ˴ֻΪѰǿѾͷȴΣָǺãʵΪ
Ƭ֮ϸҡҡͷεطȥǧ֮⣬ƬССɽȡͽһɽΣת˴ͨ˴ڶࡣغ꣬˵Ѿͷ
°ɣ֮С
һϥ䱸ɫ
һȥʮգϵʯݲ޶ɴʱûѰ˴Լɱ˲ħǣħǵĸݣ֪ĳ˵ڲѰβɢʶһ̽飬ֻͷȴȥ
ˣáһǸõΪʱˡٰ¶Ҳ˶˼ƴıǮȻⲻ˿ĥһĥ
һ˼ƽϣ˼󶨡δæ붨һóһϻ򿪣һȭͷСĹԾǰԲ硭


1224 ·
һѪսѾã߶İ֮δǻǿգһͷһƫԶǳϵĴ֮Сʾʹ˼ԾڴյƼһͬ׹ģһֻװšǬӣԼС澭ĲȱƬ
ǬƬ֮ãշת˺еĳС
ӳĵһʿѰ֪ﲻ㽫֮һ鲼߳С֮ϡ£־ǧлѲݣѹ
ϻԵԱĳײϡ
֮УһȻϥ俴ϻеǺЦĬĬ˵ͷ֮꣬ŴӶǰʱһѾ˸ʯžʹ˱չأȴͣ
˴治ɣ⣬붨֮УӦ䣡
һɫһٴڡ
ħǵĵڡɶģٲˡ֮У̫֮Ũ
ţͶˡӵɽ޶ã
һüһ˵ϵľʯ漴һݳңӽƵķ϶֮л䡣֮ȥ·խлͫ˸ɫȻ
ȥխķ϶ǿɹһ˴СвᴥܵĽơˣ˺ʤ
˴ɲǿʤĵطʹ˷ʵвʡ
һƬ̣չͷ½ϵ̬Ļ˿ǰһ㣬Ѱ١ĬĬС˴ûкˮֻ޾ĺڰ鲼ľƵķ϶խһĮеСϪúʱݽߡ
ʱ֮һòֹסȥƣأͷ½ϣסһ㣬ģŹֶǱǰķ϶ֱֻ۰ϸҵĽƼաҪԭ·أΪף
ö룬һ˱˵¡ħǵʿû׷Ͷá
һֱ֣һûκΡ
յ˭һʱ⣬﷭˴ԼҺôǸɾĸ֣вԸɣ
һͷһԴ롶̫ؾеľʶн渡ֳзʼ仯֮СΣζʡ
һ̣˵žĵĸֶ˱仯ǧ֮õתϢʹܰٺȫϾȴֻͬڡֻܻͨΡ
֪ţһüĵӡ΢΢漴а׹ӿѸȫ֮䵭Сת֮ߣȴ˲ָԭ״ӡǵĽɫâתһ߳ĽСȴʧ֮ơǺڹӰȻֻһƹĺڽƵķ϶Ťá
ʿ֮˷̥壬˱Ԫڡ쾳粢֮Ԫضж棬ԭӦÿ仯β䷨רڴ˵ձƶȻҲջ
һûħķȴ任Ϊ޺ĺôȥΪߵħ硣佫Ӱһħɷ̣סЩС⡣
˷УٲõĽƵм϶ȥ֮
Ӱûˣһϸĺ̼ǰ䴩Ǹ첲ϸķ϶Կδãȥ·ֱխխһߡУ߿дСһʱ˵սľ
߹հ䣬ֹȥʱƵķ϶Ȼϸöʱʱģʮɡ
һǲ·ͷؼǰʱ֮󣬽ͻȻˡĺȴǻ̶ͣΣ˱ģ漴ɫ㵣
ǰȥĸʱ֮ڴ˴ͷǰ谭
ֻʮ֮⣬һ޴ɽʯħԼ̫֮ӿȾ缱һ㣬ʹ˽סΪ֮Ȼʧ
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һ˻תҡ
ǵܣΧһӴѵĽ֮ϣͬѿϸСķ϶Ũӳ֣ʹΪļɭϡ
һ˿۷Ź⡣
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ڴˣɣ̫֮ԡȫֱ̩ʹ˲ɾһת۱ֻС
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ĳ˲Ŵö꣡˵ˣһδزᾪħǵĸˡѷֿԣѰ·˹֪Ḭ̄Сʧ󡣾Ӱƣȡ֮е
һƷյڣչٺòһڴ˴ͬħǵ֮УӦò֪Ѱ
һԵһȴδǰѭܲ鿴ΧɽʯһȦȥʱαһͷһ⣬ǻֻΪݺһڡ
ɽʯڵĵǧķԲֺֽ֮ƴɴ˿ɼһߡ
һûз쳣תһ̫֮ΪŨĵطִһȻعˣԶȻǰڼžΨо顢顢顭
ţħǵλͬĪĳ̰Сˡһ㣬ǡ·ѡ
һٳɣУֱֹסΡ
룡Ũҵ̫֮Ϣ
һæһѾ˸ʯѰһ϶ٳ𽣾֮أϥ£в̫֮ŭΰӿƲƲǣûף漴˫һ֮ɲǣƵ
ħǵǧ֮иɽȣΪҰɽ
Ұɽ滷ɽľ죬ȪˮȣΪľˡ
˴ۼǧڣͬһȺȴбɷ졣ͱڵ֮䣬żŶегΪͨߣضܡȵصɽ֮ϣз԰еķ˻һЩСסڡ
˵ҰɽȴҰĸأȴշ塢ӵϣƫƧм龳˴ħǲǧ֮ңΪһЩɵֵ֮ء
ҰɽȲÿͣϽ飬ڴ̻աǲȻΪ֣Ⱥ֮
Ǻ˱㲻ߡóԺúȿţֲϱʱʱеĿС٩һӹʵⰡһܵз紵ݶһνӵɽҰƣκλͬ龲ǽΣ
һգҰɽȵǧһɽ֮ϣվˡΪǸ׳ӣɾԲΪĲԶһλһλŮӡ
ϸüϸĿƤŶ룬ŲΪҲѴɾڵľ磬ֹֻ̬У˼֮Ůģ㣬ü͸ŲӢȴӰĽ׳һλɾڴɵĸ֡
һڴˣ˲İ׳ӣӣŮӣ


1225 ۼµ
һйؾеǶξĶǵľ˴˼˻ѵĽ顣
ؾת֮ʱֱˬĶⲻҪ׼䡣޷Ұɽ̻գԱøԾ֮Ļ࣬ȵȡ
ʹ죬ſڱӦǸĴ֮ˣ¾ȥá
ڼΪǧĵŸͽֵǫһءΨֺգæҰɽȡ
ҲʵڣӾϱһ֮󣬱Ұɽжա
ת۱ǼȥǸöӡ˵Ұħǳ˱ʣǰȥո֡˭Ϸ£ԸաǡմţħǿˡŮвסˣǡ
ãֻӡ
ĶʣѰӵĶԷְһĽʿԴ̣龰컡ɷ˵һѽ˳
Ӻǲޣȴҵ˴ڲͣرԹŮֹ࣬³Ǻû
֣ʾⲻͣתűԹ֮ˣüɷҡŲһ˫ȭͷ˺˵Īĵ˾ۼµǵٸ҆£ŲűˡӻҪ߳Щٶ֮䣬Ʊˣ
컯֮£ôһŮ۸ʵ澡ʧӽסɫȻȴŲػԪепת˭˵ۼµ
΢΢һӣһ˵ߵһأ¸ơ
һ޶ԣַֻŴӺЦǰ˵ݣеС֮ܽλߵĹͣǷһ׮¡
⡭⡭ӿ£ɤдʵҶħǴ˵зŮлδ֮桢һ֮Ϊ黯ұģҲ
ûӵ˵һʱóתȵħҶǸˣ
ޡޡδ𻰣ŭӵڣеԻ
죡ͷһɣ߳ʵʵԻ
ֵòɿʱй飬ˡݴҶħǡò
˲ӣ̿סЦǺǣһҪò׳ǡ˵⻰˫ֲżζҪԼģ
ӳûߣΪ㣬вŮª͡
⻰Ŷ죬ԼͷˣǸ˾ŮˡףЦҳªû˵꣬˫üŭɶ
ѻݣǸŮ˶˵Լªοǵ泰Ц
֪Ůҵԣݺݵر˻سȴҲ֪鷳æŶתܡԷѴڳȥԶ
գؼ¶Ҫ׷ȥ˭δ漴פ
ֻԶ֮УͻȻӰ׷ת˲ѵǧ֮⡣ǰһˣǸɾڵߣмŶǱ׷ǸˣΪԴŶЦɱڣ
ӼæֹסȥƣԳ֮󣬾Ťͷ˻ǺⲻƣݱܷâʱɵҲ֮֡ܺΪҲ
˲䣬׷ѵ˽ǰе߾ֱ˶£Ȳ󺰵ѣҡ
ɽ֮ϣ˾һ顣Ӳԣѭס
ѿǰΣסӭϼȻʧ֣ιˡ
ΪǶһλѡԷϳɳҴӲǷǣȴ׷ɱʵ⣡
һ˵һ֮ʣأ˼Ѳ̵ֻض˶˵ı󡣶ǺҲ׷ɣٲǰתΧɽתȦӣأŵغٺЦţڴżе
ǧɱͬײҲδ£رȥ˭׷ֻҪɱڡ洫ݷӣȻ߼˵˼䣬˲ûִҴҾֿŲ·֮˴ѵһձк񱨡
֣԰꣡Ȼͷ̧ʾ£תַŨ룬ϷŵӰȵҰɽ⣬ݲ˷
ˣŵ˵дݱͬɱ޹ߣ˵ö֮俴غӦǸʵˣȴ;һѲǺöǺ۸ˣ
ӺôҰɽ̻꣬Ƿ¼顣֪ͦͣܶûָ̧ͦϵǸӣȻ߳вԱУȰλѺΪ֮
׼о仰˰ס֮ϣǻԸ⽲ġбʱ򣬵֮б˵ˣǷֱһĿȻһ˶ڣҰɽȣν޿֡´ʱͬ飡
ǺӸδ·˷أΧɽڴٺЦѰֲˡ
ɫһҪ
ӲʧʱغȵٲȥؽĪν֮ԤҲ
ͣڰɽնЦٺ٣һɾСҲŻӣĪǻˡЦδ䣬Ȼɱʱķ
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ӻŭ߳ʱĿסһ£
ڵĸˡ
ɫ䣬ҵæǰ˵¶ҰɽȳϡǰðǰĪ֡
ںЦ֣֡ӴӲ˼ƽϣٺ١û˵ֳ꣬ԶƳۣŵغߵߣ̧һССҰɽҪЮӣգһ̤ƽˡ
ҰɽڣΪߣɾĺڣܲסһڸ˵
ͣæΨֵ˶»ˡĵʹޱӻ֪޴⣬ʧ̾콵ͽκΡͽκΡ
ӲŽһսִԶ׷ϵ˴ԷС鿴һԶδ֣ǼɾСưˡ仺˿ɱĴ𣬲ͷ˵Ҫôɱ϶Ҫôһħ֮¼»ڡĺ֮ʣй¶ԼҵݷΪ⡣ħҵķǴʦ֡ʦֲŹԼ
û뵽һλǰ˵׺ԵΣȴֲҳԶײ޺һ˦תȥ
æˣѣҽǳɡ
˵޴ʣɫãҡͷ
۹ͻȻٳɽʾλѣ֡
۷ڣɫ
ǡڴʱ͵سӻȭŭ߳
ŵһͷת㡣
ӣȹ䡢ȭͷηɫӭǸȥޣʱˡ
ǺŮһֱԷǿɱŭա컯֮ɱͬǲиԵʰɣûУԵ޹ʲ˵ҪɱɥĲ֮٣ֱ˷ָ޿̣
⣬һڵĸǰûĻᡣϥģȻһսнˣʹȻ
ӣҪһŮӴΪͷٺ١
ӼԼڳֵļƣЩ⡣ЦЦм˵ĪΪŮӳҾͲɱ㣬ΪóԻ
üɷӢ߳һսŪ࣡
ӵкһӻڿա
ڴ˿̣ɺ
˳ȵס֣
һ۸һң治Ҫ


1226 Ϊ
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ɺ׹֮ʣ˽ѭȥ
űǡ顱죬ڰٶ֮ɽֳı׳һλŻӣ룬ԲţһλͬŻۣò䣬Ʋ
ӽˣЩ⡣׷˴ţ˭ࡣҪʮ˸ɱǲɱ꣬Цһٺ٣һڵΪһɾڵľ磬Сѣӣǲ֪
ͻȻӣĴҡӷŵĻԷбƽ֮⡣ɵˣΪֽܱ֮Σδ֪
Ĵ˹Ȼһԣȴ롣ŭǸӣ˵һľԼͻĿԴ
Ǿ͵ֹɫȻΣʱ̣Σ׳壬˸ж۹ӵϣֵλ
λˣͷҲ
ֵ˸Ī֮Ǻһӿ񱼡֮󣬴ƣ˰˻֮Ұؽ硣ε˰£Ϥħǵڣ˲ٵ飬۵۰˹ǡ;˴ܣɴһ֣
ûϵطȻŭˡһڵˣȻ۸һɾΪŮӡǿ֣֮֮һŮϵȻ൱ϤȻԼˣܿ꣡
ֵܣĬͷĹ£ͲûϽ͡˵ˣǺžͲ˳ۡΪɶڡ
㣬ֱֵӳ嵽վͷ°һ˦ư˿ڣһӣԶǺӺҪĶƨ£ƾƲһͦŵֵֵܶ붴ڵĸ˶пȫˡϼ
ͷⷬҲûٴħ޳˳ԼȾ˵硣ϻصվ֮޿ֵ֡ܿšǰΣ˭˭ѽ
񣡿͸ˣӻͷؼôˡ˵Լ޼ɣǸӵļһֱĿһж޷죡
ڰգɱδŶֻ֣ǳŻͷһƳ漴һ֣ԾȤءٺ١ЦԷǻ񣬺ʾ
Ī֮䣬ڴż˳ͷ
֮۹ԶӵһӶ֮ڱ׶ݵĻͷԱǰɽȥһֱԼŮ˵ֵܻͷǡ;˴˼˺£ܷçײȴûױ˶ֵĵزǶּΪǿ
˳һҷ޽Ǿ亹ʲ˽ֵ³֪ȴ޴ӻرܣһս˲ѶΪ֮ǿԻס΢΢һЦ
Է׳òӲʣΪһһ͸ķƣʵѵһĺúӣ
˫Ŀʣִ֣С
ӺһԴڳ廰Ǻǣӣǰ˼ϸҲ򵥣㡢㡭
ʶȤæԱš
˵һ㱻ϣԲٿֻ˶һһ
̶̵ļ仰Ūԭίûӣǳ˵ͷ漴תԶ˵˴ˣѾʹ˰֡
ӲмЦٺ٣ڶֻȭͷˡֵܼȻ˻ˮĪǻ
ɫһʵΣ
Գڶĺĵػصùң½ݡ³֪ǶڵΪڴ˴ûж֡Ȼдһ˵ǲϰݡ
Ϻǣֵ㲻ɣδ𻰣ͷδ䣬һεĺɱȻ䵨׳ҲȴûԴ붴ӲƴĵزвæܣϤЦȻǰ𣺡ٺ٣ͽп֮ɱ㡭
ͷҴ⣬顢顱ȭˡ˴ǿ⣬ԷƸԵֵɭȻɱӰΣת˲֮Ҫɡ
ĻˣߵʯͷˣֳӲ
ͷ֪޴⣬ŭͷһ漴һᣬ͵ƺһתȥӲձġҪƴһХͬʱһֻ͵ץסı۰˦˳ȥ֮һ׳Ӱǰ
䡪
Уʱѽķı֮ڴ˲䣬ȭ缤ݺײһ𣬶ʱӰٿȻֿ
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ǻͷصĶ˵ĲԶȻǲ޵ģ
ššš顪
ʮ֮ǿվε졣˫ȭһգսŨ
ף𡭡
ڶľҪһɱ˿ɶĻͷ֮ʣͻȻ֮֡𣬾ʹԼڤɷʱˣһｵһǡ̱ӵƴ֮£Էѷһȴ޴󰭡֮ͣڵΪ
ͬʱɫ졣
˳֣ɵð˿ԵиԸշ׻
ҲҲѡ˵ڼſѣȴҲ˼ɶࡣв֪ǻͷʲô·Ե˵ļ壿ֻҰɽȲԵ֣йء
ӹĲԶܿù˫ۡĵ̧һָؾ㣡ǰȻ֣䣡
һͻȻеȣʹʱƽϣֻ˶ǸߴӰһ
ӳûսͽģȻˣʲ˻ͬˮ𲢲㶯֡ɴ˿ɼûûƤҲһΪУ
ʱ뿪ԭǰʯӡ̤ն𣬻ǰŽƳڣˡս
ٺ١
ڶȻʮɣնһźϳЦݣʱʱթʱǲõģ˼ۺ˵λѣΪˣսһƱҪķ֮⣬ʲŸŲֽŶԾˡ
߳ߣ˲ɡ
ڶҡҡͷ֮ɫԱ⣺˲ŽΪҰⲻ㡣ǰսһɱˣĺǲȻǽ϶ߣ
ʹˣ಻ƣ
ڶ˵ǧ֮⣬һˮȣΪƧ˼Ҳ׵սʹ죬ΡһתЦɣȴɱ⣬ֵڳһͬǰһ£ձѰҰɽȵ鷳ٺ٣
һֱ˵ĶԻŵôԣʧɡǸڶƳͷһæȴֳһԵȻһ̾вԷҰɽҪЮʵΡ
ƽ⣬׽յһнԼأӻ˵ǺˮΪȺ廷ƣ赲ʶ֮档⣬Ϊ֪ǰСթ
ڶûģ˵һȺΪ֮һ仰תһڹٿȻԶȥ
Եѣ˵Ϊ֮ҵȥ벻ȥѴ˽١Ҳ׹Ǻã
壬˫˫Ȼȥֻ뻢ͷһǰһεض󡭡


1227 ĸ
뻢ͷǸ첻µı뺷ӡڶûгսֵδػưոݣĪ˵ԷһζĶšҪЮֱ̫
⣬ڶһغϣ·磬ȴûĵز֮̽󶨡
ˣҶӾ񣬱˴սٻأ
οһλǿҰĶֿɲס졢أֵ㵽ף
ʶڶǱȥߵ뻢ͷڿն⣬붼׷˹ȥ
ҵҲ˹ȥ֪սӮʵѽ˰ġڶͷѰؽǨŭҰɽȡǸǻǻ㲻Ϊ֮ƣֻøһˣ
ںͷĥĥ䲢δУǶԡ㡱ȥҲδɫϲȵҲȥİõ˿ٲ飬תһ򡭡
ȥ󲻾ãɺ缱׹¡
ת֮䣬ɽڵİֳӰһŮΪĸ֣ȴ粻ȶɫ졣
ΪһŮӣòǺЦüĿ֮͸޼ɵĽ֮ʣʦֵķд棬ȴûӰ
λӣһɫΡ
ʦֶܣߡŮЩغһֵܲ죬׷ȥ
ԽڶӦҵվãȥǺǡ˵һ룬ЦҡҡͷԴ뿪Ұ֮һ̵ͣ񲻽ҪӦǰǣҪ±ҪȥѰмĶ𣬼ֱʴӡȥʱǾͷ
ŮӸ˵תݶȥ綪һЦٺ٣û˾ֵңˣ
ɫһæҵһȡδ䣬ѷλͬк׷ϣʱ
Ұɽȵǧ֮⣬һȺ廷ƵڡܷڡһǧĴˮŨ羵Ψ뵲ϵĺ
ϵ˴ʱȵ˺ˮߡĴӰ̤ˮ˴ңңš˼æĽԣһ̧ͬ۹
ȹˣȴλҲɼΣ
ڶ۹ӹܣ͸Ц⡣Ҫɱˣ˴ߵһλмƽϡתǰֵɱ׻ӶȻģٺ١
ͷڴĴΣۼתɫȻ͵ָ̧ڶеģϳˣڤɷ߱䣡ޡҧгݰһڣתʾ˴ȴʶռ˺ˮ֮ǼһĴֻΪҪҵնɱ
΢΢˵ͷͷ˱ܣ
ͷһ漴ִһӣ˵ȥսֵĪҪ飬ġѵʱصǸɴ࣬תߡɫעȴֻһˣסһ䣺ĪҼֵʶȻΪ˰㡭
ֻкĵǵӰĵҡҡͷӦֲʶ֮ͬʣֻ˵֮䣬ɫһ˿Īܡ
ͷȤһ֣ˣֵ׷ǹʡδͣתֳŲԶɴ˫ۡ˵粻㣬δܿ͸Էĵϸ۹ȴڣʱ˹̲סҪٸʵסȻĸġ
⻰Ŵ̶ǴһİӵĿ˵ֱǶŮӵ裡
ȻתͷɫȻŭĿ
ͷЦһæ㿪ʮԶǲغһĸǴƼۣмŮʴ
ϾƽϣעǰĶ
ʱĺֻʣ˶ŵˡ
ڶҪԼЦˡһаװݣźΪĿ仺Σ˫̤ˮȻʵһƽȡչ˫ۣͷµƹ⵹Ӱ޳³ŵƬ̣ұ㡭
Ļ˿ȴ˿иԷһ˵Ī˵Ƭ̣ʱΡ仰ųڣɫ΢΢һ䣬룬˶ȥ
֮ͬʱһƵĺȻը졣ܵĺ֮һȻǣ̶쭺ˣǵذسһֶȥ˲䣬ڶ˫ۻӶ󳶳һǧɵˮԭɫĺˮڹ⣬ɷ˶ֹǳ˸ǲʧʱغɴҪһɱ
δԶȥѱӿĺˮĺû䱻סΣſһ֮£Իһ˫ȭӰͻ֮ޱߵĺɱȻ޴ӶܡԲٺˣоһӶ˫ȭһõӰƿնһ׵Хȥ
䡪
գ֮䣬˫Ĺײһ𡣺ը죬Ӱƺһ͵ص˳ȥڰգǿѪǱ
ڶǵƲˡٺһЦɱŨ׷ţֻӱȭݺ¡ɲ֮䣬ŰǧɺȻһ޴Ȼ¡֮ղ֮ƶת
֡
ѽǰΣӡ
ߡ
Σں߹ս졣סһ̲סҪȥƽĺ緭һ㣬ҵɱķ£޴ԣο벽һʱΣ˫ĿȻ
Ŀɿڴ˫˫ǳ׼ΪޣǱڶѷһټ϶Է֮㣬ĺ˫Ĵ˷ƴӮ
ͷǰ˫ȭգһԲ
ͬʱյɡСɽгƱǿĶ֣Ǳ·ڽӣ
֮䣬еȻֹסΣҷվȣǻһƵɫѪۣԭݺȻԵȻ漴Ǻηسǰ
ڶҪƴ»ȥƸȭͻһڷɷպ޴Х¡
һǰԽߵΣδױһ
֮ѿɲǣȻڣѸһƬ𺣺Ƶȥٲһ㣬ɷǾˣ
δգһΣ˲ûŵӰ˫ȭӶٿȻɢת˷ڶһʵĪ棬Ϊǿ졣ˣ˺£Ķڵĸֲ¡
գ֮䣬˫Ĺٴײһ
һ죬СɽȻֹס֮ƣķ֮н֮ɲǣŵĹϮһĺһĴ󶯾ŭӰ֡β΢΢һ٣ڶȴɫһ䣬Һһ˳ȥ
ڴʱһŭ𣺡㻢Ҳ


1228 û
ڶΪսʤ
ʦ뿪ĵʱ˵飬޲ǿΪ𡣶սʤеĶ֣̤۷ıؾ֮·˼ҵĻеղҪɱ뻢ͷҪռԼٵˣȫһ򾡣
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һڵĶ֣˲ʩչڵΪƸʤһȻ֮˷ʤ
ŵõӰǾλڵĸ֮֡µĺȻһͬκ˰͡
ڶҺһ㵹˳ȥֻ𵴣֫ٺʹͷһ£ɤһȣѪڶǡڴʱһҲĺڽǰը죬֮һͷ˫ɫ޻Ȼ
ͷɶİ׻Ҫûˣ
ڶ֮УԳ֣Ȼʾҧгݣŭ͹Ӷֱۣʱһźҡ׻һѪںݺҧꡱһ˺˻ڤɷִ֮ĻצĺХ£ػ˺֮ϣ顢顱֮УҲ֧Ųס͵쭳һѪ˲һʯͷ㱻˦˰졣
㲡Ҫ׻ٲȻôо裬˫һʧʱ׷˹ȥ
һе֣顣ڰ׻ٴλӶ˫ȭóľŵӰһͣ漴һһ䱻ֳɫ԰׶ɫȻǰ˼£תһͷ档
֮ͬʱ׻׷ڶİԶһ˺ɷ顣
ڶİ׻ݺݵһֿۣ羫Ѫ䡣֮УȻһֻĻӰ̾ϡֳɲǼ䣬ʱûһʮɵڤɷ֮У漴ٿȻȥ̶һ΢ĺڹֱʣգʧ
׻һգ΢΢񣬲Ҫֱ׷ȴȻתǱػͷģֵܡ
δ׹ˮ֮УѱһɱŮӸ˳ֳŶԷһƳ漴˫Ŀջ˹ȥԼں
ֵܡ
Ҿǲ
λǺ⣬ĪҪǰѺľΪؽˡ
ʱǧ֮⣬һڹȥƴڰֳڶӰȻ·ɽȡͨһʯɽѱҳһӡƬ֮ΪǱŴӿأҡβȴѿѪǺٺһ֣١٣Ƶ֣Ψ׻ɶ񡭡
ڶвɫ΢䡣
ʮӰ䣬Ϊһ֮˵ЦڶʱҲ
ʱͬһƬɽ֮Уһ˵ӰӲԶͱð˳սľشܣҵذǹһ١δȥȴҴææǱ£ԹصڣԵα֡
˲䣬һŮɽȵϷ֣һ˼׷ȥ
ǰʱȥٴδӵð˳ɫ˴ѷǾ֮ء
Ұɽһķ嶥֮ϣż䶴˴ԶʧΪչ˵ĺõط
һ䶴ǰΣ̧˽ȥǰŽ񡣶Է֮ⲻһлλǰȥ̻աδˣܼ˴
֮Уһվһһԣ龰Щ쳣
ϥţȻŻѵ׳ӣ˱ͬ׳˶һ˵Ҳ硣
ͷһⲽĽȴּΪεģһ٣۵֡
ӺˮȻһ·֮ϣֱ˴㱧˲֡ǸӵĸϻȻǽΪСͷֵܵİΣҪһ̽ȴʼղÿ벽Ρ֣˴˵Ϊ·Ķ˼ɡȥԼֵܱһŮȥûѽ
Ϊ֣ͷҲ̧дʵΪιµҩԷйҩٹ¡
Ϻǡͷͱ˵ؽһ߳ʵֵܣϼ
һְţһֲȥǵѪأɫ϶˵ͬӣ
Цͷ״˸ֳֻһҼҵϴĪҪռֵܱˡ
۹һ̧漴ڻ֮˵ϣʵϴ˭ˣ֪ҿϵáٶ֮䣬ΪСģɫи͸ѵõů⣬Ǹ뺷Ůˡ
˵Ůٸ҆¡ͷ˵ζȭͷŵҷ˴˽һӲŮˣŮˡ
Ϊ˵գﲻһܡδˡҷ
ͷһʱ޼ƿʩŭΪǲ֡ŶȻͻȻʲôһת˵Ů㲻Ҽֵܣ뵱˰ɣ˫ʶЦֵܲŲҪŮˡ
ɫһ죬߳һɺԡ
ͷŲӣ°һ˦ɷµ˵һһŮӱһ˫˫ƨһ˿ҰǱײúʱŻֿǿһλò绨ӣÿˡ
ͨ
ͷδ䣬ŻŮһ񣬾ǽˤڵϡҪȥץסԳɡڴ˼ʣԷѽ˹ȥʱŭӣȭҪ˼λĪ֡
Ƭ̣ȴ޶öһԡ˭϶ԷңȻ˶ֵĵز֪ҲܳĬȥæȰ衣
ؿɫͨ죬߸߾ȭͷȴδ䡣
ֻͷ֮̽ڶǽϥãһԣ֮ϣһ߶뷨һߴ߶ţѽǻҲãǼнյһ⡣Ůǻˮֵмǰ
ҪΪͷֵݣȴֱһ仰ŭǰ߳ʣ㷽˵Ů˭šޣδ˵̲꣬סһڣ͵ض½ţڵ̧˵ͷҹĲ㡭
ްֻľΪżơھһʱ֮һɻָ
ͷŵؽ׵ʱòͷˣȻ˵ŮĪ۸ûŮˡƼҡһͷֵʰ㡭
ڻ֮ἰǹáʱһͣԶԡ
λ޷ǣŹңȴпԭηһأ˳Ļᣬ˿Ȱ˵ǰþ޲ǡҵȲɶš
ͷΪȻظ͵Բȥغ򣡡һۣʾԷһͬȥΪοصͷַŴӣһ߳˶
磬һתȥͷɫ⣬
ͷ˶֮󣬺һˡ͵ػ׿ȥֻͷ˻ȥڶŶȻ˵Ϊֻ
ͷ֪˵סһѿ޶⣬Բᣬ˳ȥһŮ˶۸ӣûˡ


1229 һҶ
ͷЩƣ
Դһ𣬻ֳԾӣΣһЩϵĹأֱ˴顢Ӱ˺֮Сһ·֮ϣֵտӻǻı֣
񣬻ûˡÿ⣬ҪָܻͦΪġ
ôȥδ棿
ߣһμŮӣ㲻ĶԼΪǴĴ󷢣Ҹ˹Ҽҡ
ߣӵֵܣ˰ڲ
ͷĸ޶⣬ֻҪûʮϰĹǲɡڴڼ䣬ܲšҴΪ֮ƣ
ͷŶڰ֣㾶ߵʮһ䶴֮Сһʶڶ⣬̹űջĽӵʮʯóʱˣ
ΪͷֱŲҲΪˣȥڲԶɽϥԷжҰɽȣ˲ϤػһӦ֮塣
Ұɽȵķ嶥֮ϣٴλع鵽յ֮СԸ˺˳졭

һ͵ʯ
߼޴ӹΣҲû֪
ūȴ֪ʯܴһص֣
ڵĵطǾһ㡣˴̫֮ŨΪ档ֻ밲ָտɴȻ˴ԵһҺΪ֮ĪҪҶʢ⡣Ǹò˵
ҶΪһҶ࣬沨Ʈ㣻磬Ī˵ÿ˶һƬҶӡк²Уݶƣ´̴䣬з𳾡һҶƼ
˽ūֱӴʯ֮С˼䣬ƵƮȻȥ
ūӾл˫ۣɫ΢΢Ȼ붨֮䣬ٿѹʮꡣ֪̫̫֮ŨԵʣʯ£ԼΪһֱڼÿʱỵ̈вͬľ򡣶ʮǰɳڣʮǰɳڣ¾Ȼ˵ͻƵɾڡմȥҶ˵ָտɴ
һڣҶĻԵãΪѵΪԵ
ūϲΪϲɫһաܡ
һ㣬һ޴롣ײķɴСΪ̾Ͷ覣̫֮ڡɴ˻ϰֱˣɻԲ֮״Ϊ֣Լǳ֮˸ɷǳ
ڵܣӨӨ֮УɼһӰ
ū۹еӰ֮ϣɻ󡣳Լ֮⣬˴ʮλŮʿ˵Ѱȴһò֮ռҲ˵ڹооŮʮˡ
ǻԵѵõԵʣЩİͬæ˴˼Ϊߣһȿֺռ˸ߴ衣ֻϣ̫֮۶Ũ
ʱ˿̣ߡʮɵһ֮УһһŮһҲ˿벽˲Ž̤붴쾳粻ãǾӸ£ڳͬ۶ʲѣ
ūջ۹⣬ĬĬҡǻϵһ裬СǶߣٲԳصǳǳߣٺòȴãֻڵĽѰһطȻ
ԵΣδؾǺ¶ʯ޴ɭ϶Ȼһ塣ȻҪ뿪˴·Ѱ
̻ǵãǸҶȥʱЦڣԳߣؽ׷Ī
ūĬȻƬ̣Ȼ¡Ӷ۵ĳ䣬˳һƷңɫįΡǸǻԤϡʦ뻢ͷںηһ֪Ȼ˴ֻΪ˳Ȼ
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ħۣ֮΢ڡеľΪħǽءȴ޼ɣȻвʮλŮ
Ҷʦܣ㾿Ǻ⣿
Ϥ쾳磬ӾŶ֮١ȴ˽٣Ǵ󾳽ߡԵ߶ɵáΪˣ޲龫ȴÿÿһźࡣǺ˵꡶ʾƣСʾ֣ٽֻϧ˾֮󣬱źĶ֪䡣Σħ辶ħ޵Ѫɷ֮һ֮ȴˡҶʦܣ֪ѡģһݾأ
Ƭ֮תԭʵݣʱɫ
ӱǴ˼ˣŲԶһƳʵԪӣ񣿡
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ѹʮ꣬㻹ҪѰҶãߡ
˵Ԫӣֻһ䣬ǲһ
Ԫӵֲ£ɵʮа˾š۹һæӲͷƤ˵ּ˾һֻ²ʲŲҿ϶ǻӶݻǲ䣬졭
ɫЩһ˦ȥ˵ˣ𣬿سȥɣ
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¥̨֮ϣֻʣһˡַ룬ɫĮȻ۹һ˿ڽ֮⡣
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ɫԶסһǲһ޹ؽҪֻ֪ҶʦιҪŰǲõѪɷ黹ֵֻзɳ𡭡

ħ˼Դȡ
Դˣȥ˳ְ֮Ԫί֮࣬ҲǾźͿ
ǸһǻٻؾѪɷףʮⰡΪҪΪ֮󶯸λ˭ת֮֮оʵ¶񵹺ãԼ˳ϵְλ˵ǰȥسţǹùģ
֪һĴڣʮ󽫴»СС»ˣ˭˵һأָֻ֮ͣλӦòѡ
ħ֮⣬ԪĨ˰Ѷͷ亹ʰһ½ҵ飬ֲ޾ηػͷһۣת·Զȥ
ħǵ߲˲࣬˴ͨΪǡ磬ʵռһ롣ᴩ£پ䡢¡ϡɣ㵽˸ʿ۵ǡ
Ԫ֮ûֱǰ£һ˱ŷڶĵطȥ;һƫƧСԺͣ¡ԺŽ滹ľҡҡͷǰУʮһԺǰֹס˽Ų
سŵĲȻλ£ȴʤСд˹򣬵ð˽լô
ԪӴǰԺ䣬ԵһЦʱѾã˵طԼҵ˽լľв֪ǰǸСԺΪ˭УΪڣղݷһ


1230 ֹ
Ұɽȣ嶥
һغɽ֮ϡ
ɽ紵¶ɡ²Ҳ΢΢ҡΡƬ̣һлع鵽յļž֮Сһ̵ķ磬ƻӵҡ
֪ΪΣյĶЩȴһʱԡԲ붨ַŴӾӸ߸ֻ·ɽ֮УϤľᡢԼŮ׵ӰһĿȻԶķƵá
תεҡҡͷ
ͷĶԹرûתѹʮ꣬Ҳ֪ľΪ˺εȵĵز֮Զһ䶴ʼŻ󿪡Ǹ׺ũҸûֻ˽լԺͷ˿벽
ʶɼڱĿпɡ磬ҲڻȬ֮С
͵
һ׺߳һת֣˼һ
æջʶεؿЦһ¡˭һǸӻҪǿֺ֣йСʱ򡣶ȴƻ˸ˣ̸ֹҲ˼Ůҵģֻ˷鱸Ѱ֮˻ܲ𡭡
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һֱϵĺͻȻʧˡ˯Ѿõһ̻˫ۡĬĬȻƬ̣ת׿˵Щˡ
Ȼסģɫ΢΢졣꣬ŻƣȻ֣δԭСҰˡֹۡ䱾ǸɴŮӣʱŤ˵ߵģҲĶˡ
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ޣֻҪǻɢأ˯ϸʮϰҲȬлͷһػͳǧʯȻ°빦ȴҪķţʹų磬ƵȬΪĽûֻͬΪ壬ȴѪΪ졣ŮӲ֪ҽһǻ˼ע
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뵽˴ΪƵҡҡͷ˵Ա㣬˳ֵܽ
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㵣ЩŵؿһԷͱ˵ļƣסҪͷܡŮˣ£
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ԲȻѣüͷ
ȣֻŮӵԼϤϢֱҵ˱øСȻˣҲǿѰҪһŮֹۣǻ
ЩͷĿѣûɵһ顣һʮծǸʲô϶룬£ǰĿյأ˵ֵֻܡ
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ǡڴʱͻȻ顱һ졣
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ǰѪ֮СʲŻȴ޶ࡣؿڣӿѪĿġ
Զʯ֮ϣһˡǱĶŭȴ־ѡ
ڶİ֮⣬һʿʮ֮࣬һǶĸ֡Ϊ׵һ׳ӣŶڴɵľ硣ﻹץһλߣŲİȵ񡭡
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һ嶥ѱŰɱ֡ҶǿϢ͡ŽܵΣʱ׹ߡԷⲻƣڽӡһĺͷһֻͼ̧ͷȴѪ֮Сһɫٻ
ͷһ޹ģʱ졣˲ܵΣ飬һ㵽ĽǰֱҪ
Զȴ߾һֻ֣ץı۰򣬼˵ǿûסĪ֡۽ԴŵۣɫŨǰǸŮӣѲӰֻʮһյĳˣ룡
ǰҵŮӣһʱ˵ԣֽץסֻԷΪ漴ֺ޺޺һΪѼáԷȴอ٣ȥ
ڴʱЦǺǣȻһͷ


1231 
ЦδᡣأԵͷ꣬ɫ΢΢ã˵ӣ㡭ˡ
ѪУץ۰΢΢ȴΨԷɱʹʧȥϢŴɵҴҡ޻ڡǿɫУ͸žȻ˫У΢΢һ˿οЦ⡣
ˣ˵ҲǡˣƼˮֺ꣬αأ
֪˱ɵŻʮصԵ֡ʱʱ̶̿㿴װȴղ֪ҵĴڡԳ鲻ģ޻ڡܻһӣӣ
˺ãã㣬ס
֮ͬʱ顱һƿĶŭ𣺡ڴˡ
ѭȥɫһ䡣
֮һ䶴ǰͻȻڳͷӰδվȴſһѪµƶʱÿꡢңٲȻǷ֮סȴ˲ûҧֱ˹ֵĪš
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ΣеĴ׳Цմ󹦸ɡеһ嶥µʮķͬ޵
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Ƭ̣ʮλʿ뻢ͷﳤȥ嶥֮ϣֻʣ¶λȻǶãΨĿӶ̻Ѱ
չ󣬽ƻ⡣ŵѣԴӵһ̾
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ȳɣкãѣЩѰȣתҰɽȣʵȻҵĽʹ˶Ͼ
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顢顪
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꺺ӶԴϣΪȻغǺһЦǺǣĪ˭㡭һ£ŵ鱳˫֣˵ԺηǷϵһ
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꺺ɫһͷ¶ꡣԷŭĿӣǴɵļơָ룬ΪȻҡҡͷǲʣתʱĶڣζЦۣǧѵһǺǣ
ͷ꺺ӵıӰݺһڣת۹һɫĪ
䲻٣ȻλΪȸʦáһʦãǺǸ꺺˵ۣǺ⣿
꺺ߵ˶ǰһƳȻβסɫеĵ⡣꣬ǺһЦתȥŽĶڣ˼ӭ˫һӣѷ·˾Ľأ˲ڡ


1232 ɿ
ͷ˵ɽΪĽء֮ģһͨʮߡλʿڴ˴ơ
ڴصģʿΪߣòѰЦݣ۹͸žλһȳȣһɫ塣˾粻ףŶڵΪĲԶվλ뷢Ұ׵ߣĬԣٲȻһԶڵĸ֮֡⣬ʮλʿغܣһɫơ
ȥ·裬Ϊ׵ʿЦǺǣҵֵֻһ棬ʼ仰ѡ
꺺ҡͷܾȻֵһ޹ءλضһ١
ʿԸգԲ죬ȴȻЦݿҵȶ෽̽Э׵֣ͨһĪҪ˺
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꺺̧Ĩ˰ӣʢ˵غǺһЦʵ˭ҵĺв֪ʦţԺηɷʵ桭
ŵôԣʿɫһǰйԼһ³ɣȡΪˣԼʦܣλϣԸֻΪջ˭ϴ󹦸֮գԷȻˣˣһңŽҪλʦҡҡͷתǿЦһ˵ǺǣǧĵССʵա̾ħѾãһǴͷ
꺺ӵ۹ӹԷˣڳͬһЦתӦҵͶž۶Ϊڣ˳ħһҲ֮һƬ͵ЦһĪӡ
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νħһԣ޷ǹѡ
ʿ²ΪԼãؽʣλδ׻ɱԾ󻼣мƽϡ
꺺ӱܶ𣬷ܵδãԺ顣˼䲻˾롭̧룬ҪͿͬ͡ԣóͨһĶڣɭ͸żֹ졣
װæһͷһʿ֪˵棬סһֻ֮࣬óʾ£ת·ȥ
˺Ӵһӣ˽󡭡
꺺Ӵ뿪֮ɽֻʣ˱ʯ顣֮⣬ǵөʯâԼڵĳʪ䡣
ǵĺӵ¡˷ϱʹûΪ˿಻ԡ
ŮӵСΪŮӵԵʣܿ˫ȣȴش˼ΡڵѪѽ͸˵ɫѪ裬ʹĳȹ־޵ɫʡŮԭӦģʱȴ̧ͷ޺޵ضŶһ˫ÿУ˸ɱ߷ߣĪĻں֮⡣
ڶҲǶһźϣȻںĵЦݣȴɢĵĺ⣬ͬһͷޣʱ𡣴ʱĬĬǰĿյ񣬲֪Щʲô
䱻ãȴֱʯΪһ壬ϵһǰֻɫУȻ
ͷס˸䣬
ڽˣޣ
ͷһڣ۹Զתšڴ˴϶ѽΪ⡣ٴμŮӣǷ˼ŮǣڵµĶѨдսһһλĵĸ֣ҲסŰ
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ͷŭ߳ļһǲ㹴ֵܣ
۹һ̧ĵشΡ
ͷ˿ڴɫЩͷ˵ģȻСڰʹسˣӾ㣡
ƾΪߣмغЦĪ˵ܷ뿪˵أգҲӵĶ֡
ἰΪͷʱ̡ȭͷӲ˵ٶҲá
ͷвãڡڴ˼ʣ˵մɱ޹պ˺ݾȻϻ򡣵գɱ㣡
бһۣͷЩ¡
ǼһȻΪвһȴʧΪһĶֻ֡ϧʱϧܣɴΪöʧܡ˴˾ͬԹ˲ϾҪɱԼ
ٺ١ΪȻһЦ˵ϲɱңɱ㡣գұص㵽ףһ٣ƼٵֵҵӣǸ²ãںļһʵ񣡡
ͷԺ޺޲ѣ⵽ƣȻŭҺúûţһս
Ұգмƽϡϻͷתʵʲǻ˵ǷǶԹֵܶȫ޸ϵΪҪ꼰޹ݴǰһȺӦ붷˴ʶԷȺѰȡҰɽȣǳԼֵеԵɣʵɻ󲻽⡣
ٺ٣˶ǰͿףֺαضһʡЦɣʵ顣̲סˣ߳ûû֮޹
ͷѭȥɵŭһŮӣΪ׺Ұ֮ͬһңٲ徻
ûпһǻͷȥԴӿѪ׹ɽ֮ԸκһŮӡ
ôĽأʦ𴫳Уִʦֲʹʧܣ۱밵㣬˴˰Ϊ֮޹֮˵ǺƻԹѾãڵȵ˱ʱ򣬻һʦֱ֮󣬱ʼĳңȻԷ׷׻䣬ŵöд˱û˭Ĵ䲻ֻ̾ʱ˲ãߡһҵֵǻͨջǽһһ򾡡
ǽ˵꣬εȰʦãˣֺαˆ£
΢΢üĬǻѰȡҰɽȣǶ֮ʣ
Ϻǣһ򾡣Цͷܲ࣬ûµ˵汳侮ʯ˻кα£øͬ³ıӦˬ𣡡
ǻʢתͷ߳ɶļһһ㣡
ͷһԴ༥ߺߣӲƨŮˣб¾ܹƣ˲˲Ҷ̡ǳҲ磬ֻ˵ʹ졣
˼֮ʣ̶ס̧ͷһۡԼڵ³ಫһʵ¶ͷΪʱΨһļ֤ߣǶԴ˽ֵǽѿ𣿶Ǽһںߺ߲ѣģ
Ѫ죬ŭӣһ㡭
֮ȴЩ档ǶֵȻðʦţвʦ˵Ķŭ˺£
˴˳ɳĸˣһעҪϡ䲻ɿ֮ʣټɽ΢΢һΡ


1233 ֮
Ǻеһµ
ʮ﷽ԲСϣһıѩԶԶȥƯںϵһɽܵİڣ鲼ˮẮٲȻһϾڡ
ڴʱСıɽһ࣬Ȼһڣйâʮߡ˵Ӱӿ̵˰֮СʱĶڣת˲ʧ١
ʿλͬ鲢δȥڰգסͷһ۶˼
ʧĶ֮УһͨĴͷھ֮ںηĪ⡣ΨʦɽֵܹܣӶԷϻϤһ䡣λʦ˵ħ֮ˣΡ
ǧʯԱл⣡꺺Ӵһͬ鵽˽ǰ˳óһʿֵֺ˴֮ڣΪءǲʿɶԿ벽ؽͷ仰һתЦǰ˷Ҳԭ²Ϊλмǡ
ʿӹӵ˵࣬۹һ˿⡣ԵλʦܣԼλߣһŭݡһˣϣѾ˼ۿջȴǧʯ״ˡԷֵʱĵȴ飬ֱ̫
ߣҵȵɣǧʯôֱʡ
ħһԣʵԵӰ˻Ϊ
ǺǣƣǿѹͷߡλʦϢŭ
ʿӣλʦܵ˸ɫתЦһʢĺ˵ɽˮ꣬ǡԷһ֣ںذڰ֣˵͡
֮ͬʱ˫ŵӰҡһ¡δ·ıڶת˲֮䣬һּžɣʲô
ڳ˻ɫ㵣һ̧ͷԶ
Ǻ޼ʵǿգƺЩͬ
ʱ򣬰˻֮ңԶȴ֮Ʊ˴˺ӦѭŹеĹ켣ǧһաʱ˿̣بŲһк˴޴еɣеľȻͣͲǰ֮⣬һŭŶĿ

ɽҹɫУɽϿȵĶǰϥһɽ紵еһλ߰
һƮĪǿգ·ӡһòĻʣ׵¹Զ֮⣬ȴԼֳһ֮⡣էȻһٲµĵӰճͻΣʵĿѣԶֲȻѡ
ߵԣһλˡͬǿգʦҹɫȻԵ󡭡
鳤룬Ȼ
ɫɻŵҡҡͷֵ¹ȴֻӰʣһͬԣա
ι֮Уһ䣬˵ǵĵ伮֮мأͬԣ֮ף
䣿ֽϥͷŵĹץڻУȻ⡣ԴӽʦΪ֮תѹʮꡣʱ٣޽Ⱦ˪ٹʮأʦɽ֡йеĵ伮ԼĵĴ˵֪֮١ɴ˿ػ֮ضԶ
أ۹Զ˵ݴÿʮ꣬һ併٣ǧ֮á޳鲻
˽סʵʦҵָӦԡ
֣ΨԣΡ̾һˣҵܶ壬ԵӡͷˣԸڸɱ¾ӡ

ħʹȣͬһƬҹɫ֮Сʱɽ£ûյļžΪڶӰ˸Եķᡢһͣ
֮İ֮УȻһĿĹâдСԶнէȻȥΪ죡
״ʿ߿ڰࡪ
ѽǲԶǰ𡭡
Լǣһٲ¡ߴǹ⡣ݴǽħ٣³ƽʥʽ֮ף
ߣ˵˵Զµ˵ĽڰˣΪƾ
Ǻǣ֪ƼǷǧġġҰϡȪ鶯ڣν£ʵΪͷľӰλǲţֻʱ֣ɼ˫Ե澰
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ʦִͽ̣ǡ£˴֮˵
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ʦ֣Ϊ飬ָ⣿
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ҵǶԴšֻǾ֮أںİݡ
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ݾڴˣ¶աһį̳Ѱ⡣ֻ˵껹һء
Ů뵽˴Ǽ΢ߺЦ۹ɫԶ
ʱԼΪӡʱһʿʱ˪Ⱦʱ׷ˣһҲϼջ
̻ǵãڲϼջͬһ̳ơСʹҰھƹ˻ӡʱʹޡڿ߻ӵĲңֺγڿǧңԶŮӣѸĸ˫¿յһ꣬ΪʮĻ
׶ಡʹøԪޣⲻҵǧΪĿ
ǧʧȥһĽ㣬б㽫ӵáͼѾͷȴ޶졣ԷսԪĲ̣ʶ֪Լǵࡣ
ӲδԪľɥǺܡɽ飬ӲٹµǧԼڣԱԶ֮⣬Ƕᡭ
ǧ׻ӵ⣬ûдӦҲûоܾȴ뿪ĻתڶԷʶмľ֮䷥ëϴ裬ͼѾͷΪ˵Ч΢˴˵ϲͬһˡ
ûã
ǧûٶ˵ʲôֻǴʱΪ˿ǿֽթٱĻӡӱûлعԭԼǳΪ˽յĳӡ˰Ʈ㣬ŭţվΪһӡ
ɵɽУµĳӼįȻֻЩʪ꣬ȥỨץ̳ӣȻһЦ
벻֮Ув֪˴ǰ¡Ǿ飬ֻ˭йأǸĻСԶǿϧŶ


1234 ڲ
ǧģ춼塣
³۵ľֶ۹ڴˣ͸ƮԼɼʼĹ仯ʱĲtϷµλӣλϣһȺС֮ͽ裬ҲȤ
ڴ˲ԶվһλʿԶĳӡʦĻŭ⣬ʹ޴ӱ粵ΡȻҰ֮е֮󣬻ʦʱ磬ҹѲڣвʣأ
䱻۸һأҲջʦǵֵܣ䡣
ʦϢŭֵֻܣΪãӹһС˵ħһԣ̫šҴټ֣ȥۡ
ŶŶһɷ˵ʢŭ֮£ЯɱҰɷ簡˴ת
ѴͷȥӦ
ųƳһֵۣڻת֮ǰǷ֮أԼǰֵ
Ӳ˼Ӧֻ֮ǰλϷֱԭԸӡȨӸϸħŻ¡ǰʿһ˵ݵӲ²⣬ħйء
Ӷ³䣬̧룬ĪɫʵԼã
з磬ꣻвɹĵطŻʦ֪أӾʵûбӻݣֺǰʿıи˳ſɡ
ʶĨǣֻΪʦɽ
ŵӽ˵꣬һԵ˶Է⡣
˿ʵʵ˵ʦ
δԹ𣬶Ƿ˵ǸϷ㶯Сǡ֮ʣħǱȻ˼ɡΪˣòһʱԴʱ
ӳɵʦ˵Ǿ󡭡
һ˵ҰħǣԱݴеľй֮ͨ档ÿʮϰһεľ֮ʣ˶ԵĪ⡭
̧ͷȻΪ飬ħзжıҡ
ĬĬ˵ͷ£ʾټָϸҰԷ⡭
ʦ֮⣬ҪħǵĳͻȻˣΪλҪټ֣Ӳ⣬ɫѯʡ
ȴ˵ԸֻܴǰҰǱǣΪʦмƽϡȥɡ
ֻǣתɽ塣
ڵȥδᣬأԶĪ
Ƕޣʮа˾ɡ׻Ȼһںηӳתοʮǰħǵʿ˵СӱˡΪҪħΪС
صľ֮أ׻֮⣬ͬʱʵӡҪ֪޼Ϊһ򾡸ǲס˾˵ĹһȺԳħһԵں֮ڣΣϷǾȻţ˾ٵıкͼı
˴ͬΪǧڣȴһ羰
̶ˮϪ֡ᣬɽȣԼıõ⣬ٲȻһԶ볾֮ء
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֪ȥ˶ãϸ˺Ӿ˫ۡƬ̣ɫɻתһݴӳʹǰϯҡ
ϸ˵ͷӣ˼ݿңȴ֡꣬ǶǬ䣬Ϊٵ֮סӦʱԣԵλֶ֮󡭡ΣȻֵķۣԪ˳죬̩дҴΣʥ߽١󣬵ӦԶħһ
һʶɽȡҡҷɫȻƬ̣ؼʱһƬ֮С
ϸݣֻȥһ䵭ĲʺȽȽǧ֮ʱֹԶͬأɵ̾ǿԭѾĪ⣬ֻط֮աãİ㣬ȴ죬κΡ
۹ǰֻϣϸ̧һָᵯˮδнתʧɫЩΣȴֺЦȡȪһˮϴȥǧɣֻԵˡ
˻֮鶯ؽ硣
һ绷ƵĶϷ֮ϣھĿԶ
һλݿµߣΪǰȣʱ۹ǳ׼һչ֮ΪҲָ߰˳ɡ
һλͷɢӣȻãΪȴָֻ˶ʢʱڵɡ
Զƹ⿪ϣǳ춯ްĪĻ磬Լһ޵ķ϶㱿ȥҹɫлһǵĺۼ档ת嫵Ϊ֮ò
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伮ƣÿ֮ʣǾͨ죬ܻ硢Ǭ֮棡лԵߣԽִɽ磬¡˵ɵ۷֮δ֪
ʷ˼ʣ˻֮󿪣ѭ֮ǰɴԽ磬ֱķȵȡ
˵ĻԵڴˣǻָ
£ͷҷ¶һӡԶƹƬ֮󣬲żΪĬؽӻ˵˿ȻʱҴٸʮ֮꣬ɱȥ
Ҳؼһʱʦ԰꣡һ䣬鳤ֵϤ춯Ϊڳ̲һɴ˼䣬Ҫʮꡢ֮ʱħҵȵƿ֮Уħǣ˳¡
֮˵Ǽ٣ʦΪβȵʱ̣ҪðնУʵԶջ۹⣬תһԵɫЩ⡣
ЦЦԶټϵ伮֤ܲм١ֻ󺱼ʦŲԵȴ
ʣΪΪ޶˽٣۹һʣĪס
ףֻȥԸħǣû뵽һ΢΢һ漴οЦҵȲó֮ܲԶ鶯ؽ磬Ե֪࣬룬ֵλװıչأΪһħġֻԼ̽飬δزѰ񡭡
ţȡħǣȡħġΨжϵ·һսɣֵʦˡ
˰ֻһЦһоڲС


1235 Ҷ
ǡڰ˲ǡ
ħ¥̨֮ۡ˴аƵǣǷܶ͹ӣӯȴʧ֮ơ䵱һϸʯաʱ˿̣˴޷ƶ
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۹ӹܣĮֵɫһĨ֮⡣꣬һֻĬĬꡣ֮ϣһСȭͷСѪ飬Ϊ֣Ȼӯâ˸ɷ첻
𿪱ؾȺƹѪɷߺһԲ֮ʣȴ;ϡ
΢΢з죬ұöѪɷѽֻ֮طѴ󹦸ɣǺǡ΢΢ЦʦܰΪѾãҿ˭Ӯҡ

ڵģǴǡߵһ·֮ϣͬа¥̨
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أȶȴֹǫɫʹӡһ㡣ʯбӣǴ˼ˣҶħ鵭Ȼ⣬Ǿ֮䣬ĪưŹЦɢ˲ɵ
Զջʶܵ˵춯ͻʵ⣡˵֮䣬ָʯߵֵĪѶֻǶաЩƲסתһԵŮӣʾǲȻ˵ɺϣ
Ů΢΢ЦСĸ͵Լǣ
ҶвϺֳɫ֧꣬עŮӣԹؿǽ˵ĪҪܱѽ
Ůӣ˿ȹ㷢ٶòҶȵ۹һʱɫȻѣæ׵ʹߵ²óʦŵռֻܷ֮£Ա֮û˵꣬ؿ¡ߵλӣΪͨҿ˫Ϥģ޴ԡ
Ҷɫ꣬ЦʵǺǣ汾ˣЦʣһɨ֮ǰΨ۹ͱˡ
Ұħǣѹȥ˶ã
Ϊ磬뼸λͬʱֻɵΪ鷳Σͷһ쳣ͦ˾ֻ»κһŮӣҪΪ֮Ķԡʶ޷˵ҰħǡϤԷȻħʵӡ뿪ɼҡ
΢΢ȻָӼ䣬ѹǧꡭ
ҶĻػ⣬ڴϵɼʮأ꣬ԽĪԵǺǣЦ洺磬תֵǰŽһԸӰڿնȥ
Щֲ˵׷ѾãҶħȻİɡմʱԴȣȴ˲ϱѡԹ޻ڡѵԼ顭

ħǵĵھŲ㣬΢ǡ
΢ǵĵطռذΪһȦʯ͵ĸߴǽơϷһɿɸߵĻڡ䶴ŻʿأһεĽ⣬ʹóڵʡ
˴Ϊڣ˲ÿλħȴ䡣
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ħǧ֮ãʵء΢ǵݣͷһء
һʯ̨ʮ﷽Բƽ̹羵ΪͶŨĹâǱҹĹâɫɫɫ·ֻȻɫһʱ˱治ʯ̨֮Ǵһߴ
۹֮ϣɵðһ
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ڳһ䡣һָͻȻ°һĨٿȻջأ漴ЦǺǣСѾֻ֪һ
Ҷֹ٬ּΪȻһתϥ£˵֪֮࣬ܽ׳۳֮
أȻȴϼ겻ᡣһӵȡЦֵŭĪڴôˣ
Ϊ¾Ų㡣˲֮ϣԶŽƣ쳣
Ҷ鲻˵ڶԷ̬仯Ķ࿴һۡ
ָգ˫Ŀ΢ٿȻȻһԶ߽ȥεǱһ㣬ͬǽɭȻΪΡ
ҶǺǣǱΪʦˣ뿿벽
֪ΪΣͷЩġϾ룬ǰĵ˵Ȼ⡭
ҶЦǺǣ㵹ǻ˵۰һ
Ŷǽס΢΢һ֮Уںη
Ǿһ㣬ѰȴΪɾµʿ°빦ҶԾ鲢ᣬǻһתֵֻ
ѭȥæ۹
ҶЦݲã˵鱾ǧһֱĿɼΡΪˣһ棬Ǻǡ
΢΢㵣ס̧۹ΪԵ֮Ϊһʹͣ
Ҷħԣ⣿Ǿ֮Уֲء


1236 ѻ

ūأڽתεɫ͸һĨȻ
һ΢΢𶯴ӵūһ̣Ҳҡһ¡ӾٿȻ˫ۣȴʡ
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̫֮ܵŨ࣬ǰٶһɣĪڻڣȻɷԲڵһоС
ūͷһֲԤСԵɣһʱԵĿֻţøΪСһ𶯹󲻾ãԶڽظѹȻŲڵĽˡ
ʮλͬæδյһ˿һľš
ūת԰ĪĽƣԼδȥ
ǸΪҶӣں⣬ջҪԼʱܣɿ´ʱȻֻȥ˭תֹ꣬ǲת
ū˼ƻع꣬һѪӱǶ˵䡣Ȼһָ̧ĬĬꡣָմȾѪ޵Ľɫޣȴ˴Ŀġ
⡭ڵľѪ
ūȻ֮ʣæǿ񡣶̶̵꣬Լڲִ֪ɵĺԲΪǣѳ󡣶Σ罭ˮϪĲ㣬ʹ˲ܡôȥⲻᱬ
˵أŽջȴ˾ȣֺοգ
ū̾һ鶯ָѪʧδȥ̧ɫãȻ
ǿֹӵ¡ӿӿϣֱʯ񷶥ۣת㸲ܡռʮλѣθ졣ߴһŮ˵ͻ֮ͷԻȻǽӽ˳ڴɵΪ˵Ľбȴһиһͬʳ֪ףͷ

ǵĵ֮С
̫֮ŨˮӿΡһйɲֹüĵӡ֮ö˸
ĳһգڵܺһ¡ʱŽƾϾ˼һֻΪΪֻҪûⷢûܵסһ·ͷ
ʮȥһüӡǵİɫâֹͣ꣬ɷɢȥٹʮ꣬ѱ֡ǰչʮ꣬˶ڴɵΪ˵١䱾˿δʧ
룬ڱ˵ϣֻʮɵĹˮ磬ȻгɡӵǵŽɾ붴֮ΪͻƶżӦһ͡һǿƼ򵥵һȴòס˭һأ
һչʮ̤꣬붴ľ硣˲ͣЪȥʮ꣬ڵĴɡ
һܵÿ죬Ϊ졣ħȻȻһ壬ȴбΨȺִ˵̨סմȥҪڣںڣûҪķѶٹǣû䣬ʱ򲻵ˡ
һգһ˸ãʹµ֮΢΢һ꣬ӾлϳĹâһţ漴εһƲ
ʲŵһãŵáһӣڶһͷ֮Ըɽ亣ζֻۼǱԼڣǾӯΪĽǲɡ
һ̧ḧüġ
ڲ֮£΢΢͹ӡǱһֻûͫӵۣǽţҲԿԵıԴɡħҲе
һͷһ
ʱħֿѴ°빦һ֮ȴǺݾ´ʱβгԣ
һָüӡһһâ͸תһģһȴӰ
аߣٲȻǵħģߣ𡣶˵δʵ΢΢ζֻõӰű˴ӻһЦȴɫΡ
ֻɵķԲһ˱չ֮á̫࣬ط̫С
һıδ飬ֽ⿪ܵĽƣ˳׳һѷɽŽҽ󡢱ֱʮɴСͣ
ħ޾͵£漴ӡйɡ˸ԵķòҾѷһȴͬ붨Թ죬֮СһΪĽӦôΪĹۣ
һıδʹգٴλ߷ʮɵѱŵӰռݡŻܵķԵ֮࣬Щϧ
ǵһλֳ˵ԲߣǧһǻһǱһǴͨĳ˾һԶ˵Ч£ĻҲǿһ߷ˡƾħ޵죬ž߷ޣ
˹нȡ֮ģȴɾִţڱУ붮Ե֣
ǧĳģǴһƥսһͷӥûйݵʱԻҲΪ˼ۡ߷ɡ
һ뵽˴ԳһЦ
Сʱ򣬱ʦΪ顣˳ߵ߶ԼҲ˺˼롣Ԫӡˮ̻֮࣬˸п򽻵ľЩɾϹÿÿյͷ˲ʡԲԸҲʧڡ
һܡԶδ쳣˾߷ȫԸ̫֮ʹñ˵ͷһӡйꡣһ߷Ĳ鿴ʶеƪġ
࣬ҲΪ̲ģʦɽý¾ڣһ
ʦۿߵܣγأʱ𡭡
󣬼²ѰǬԪԼ
һٴʶпϼλɵüͷ
Լô򵥣ζźĵڡĪ⣬޴Ӵ⣬Դ̸֮˵ǬԪ롶񾭡䲻㲻м²
֮ν˺ռѻ
һóöĬȻƬ̣֮ԱߵһԷͣйתĥӡħӡĺʽ
ΪҪɱ˵ͨҲٲˡ
ǰµĶԹܷ˽ᣬ˭֪ҶǿУԼδԸȴ޿ɶ㡢޿ɱܣ˺ûκΣ
һεغһתʶ
һԪʼδ֣̫س̫ߣ̫ʼΣζʣδ塭ܻͨǬǳ֮ܡ
⡶̫ؾȻˡյɣ֪һΣ
һԳ֮У΢΢һ˲ôĦģҲͣ


1237 ת
̫֮ȻŨˮʮһյӿһƺڵķԲ֮кãʮȴ֮ƣɽԶϣ罭ĵһ㻺ڶȥͻĹΣʹ˲
˴̫֮ŨҺԨѵܲһ˵ڣǺιʣ
һɻЩȥˡ·Զݳҡ˵֮⣬һĿȻ
Ƶķ϶ʮɲǣ̤һڵĺ֮ǰԼ֮ƣԡʶͷȥǧ֮޵Ӵٲһڣ޾ؼһƵķ϶ӿϷ
һлȻ
ǽƼϸСķ϶©ʩߵΪ֮Ե޷Ƿ˵ͬʱݼڵİʿ
ֹֻΪֱԶǿͬ
ǵ֮ϣԪħ̫֮һ֮ۡ籩֮ģƵ֮Ϊˣ
Īǵϵǳ״
һȻ֮࣬ɻѣ漴ѭŵǰ鿴
ʱɡ
һתϷٵĽˣ⣬˱㱻ӿȽȽ𡣵Ĵ֮ǰֹסȥƣ漴ϳĹâȻ
ڻͫɼ˴ķ϶ΪڶࡢҸΪܼڶȻ裬漴øΪңת϶·ȥ
գϾ˺ε䣬Żǣ
һȻƬ̣Բԡ˺󣬶ȥԶȴͣ
֣ΰıչأ
һɫ׿꣬˵Ӱ͸ֱɶ˲뱾Ϊһ塣ٳɣһʧȡ֮һҡҷĹâԻٿȻƵķ϶֮С
һشƵľʼʩȻҪࡣзкѭһӰ沨ڷ϶֮ȥƼ졣
ϡСݺύѵĽͬϸСķ϶ͬ䳲ܼв꼰Ҫأ̸סϵȶΨв֮ǰ
һֻѰΪŨ֮ȥʱһʱǰɡ϶ûоͷ
ħǣ΢ڡ
ɡʮ⣬Ҷغ򡣶˴ΣʮȴǴΪͬ
ƽֿ̹ɽƺ֮ϣڡ޾ӵӿһ磬ȻСǧɵİâ󡣾ۣ֮ãºӦ֮ƣԶԶȥΪ졭
Ǻǣԣ󹦿ɳҲ
Ҷڵȵһ̣ʵЦö£ַ̧˵µķ󣬱дã˭ϻԵ֮£ϣǺǡ
һԣ̧۹
ʮн赲صľͿǾһ㣬û֮СҶħȻԴ˳أӦͼıֻокã
۹һЦ˵žޣ˾˫ĸˣµķֹѰһ䣬ʵв֪ǷԺηĪԴɣ
ϣʷ춯תȻˣŽ̶̵ʮꡭԸɣʹҶпѡû˵꣬תЦǺǣ֮ԣвУҲ޼
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Ҷδ˵ת֮Ա𴦡ʩչȴǾת֮¾޽С
תתֱкô붯ʣͷûһšҶħ̹ϵЦֱ׵Ļһλѡʵ˴бͬ͡һ̬˲Լȷĸǵ£֪̫࡭
ǺǣʦԵˣСʧԶӭ
һ
˴ת˲ѻڰ֮⡣һλ۵ӣòʣƮƮٶ֮ȴֲŭҶȻԿȴأԶ
Ҷħʦֻ֣һλħǵʿ˲֪˲ʧ񣬼æݵǰ
ħᣬǴһ˦˫֣Ҷ΢΢Цҵĺʦܣڴ˴ֳ˶Ϊ޶á̬תֳʿ֮£˵ߣ
ɫһ䣬ŵһħǳԼѵҪ潵ﲻɣ
ҶȴǺǺһЦδĻϡ
ʦȴȺ˽ֽΪںεأ
δһСƽϣָؽ˵䣬ʦܽ⿪ƣⲻݡӦ͵תҶ¹ħ޻ҵһУΪ֪ôĪΪִŹ桭
ҶΪεȴһĨ糺졣ҡҡͷԹĿ˵ʦҲҪƵҩˣʦֺαؽأ
ɫһʵεɵҩҪƣ
Ҷǰһۣ£˵תɷӵϻЩεؽ˵֪˵صĶʦ֡
Ѫɷ΢΢Ȼŵ˵Ѫɷ
Ҷ֣ʦ֮ܵʦͬ
Ŷһһһ˵ΪתɷѲҶ쳣ȴʼ̲մʱٲ֮ܵ˭ϲŽƣԷȻʵ档νľתɷʵ⡣
ҶֻչɹɣʱԼǣǿһЦʦֶӳȫ
Ϊʦֵܣ˴˵Ҳ첻
Ҷڳʵίģŭ⣬߳ѶѪɷԵζһ٣ƣĪ˺ʱǻƾĽΪ֡ǲȻû˭Ը↪¡λʦкͼնóѣ
Ҷ£һ̯ȴֹתŲԶ΢΢һЦ信У͸żĪԹ
˵ĶԻͷһԼӳؾת֮󣬲δѪɷȥ򡣾˵ǸһĪ⣬ֱ׷ɱ֪ȥǽʱĹһϣδʧƫġҶħԴҲδӹʣѪɷĸȤᵽʱǡʲŵĪһЦ
ؾһ£С޹ءֻ˹ᣬɻˡұѰףʦֶᡣҰաʱҶͬһؾĸзйԹͶһƳ͵̧ץ
Ҷħ֪һУʱʧɫδܣѱץתݺԶľ֮ͬʱйȵЦǺǣҽǼͶ֮УɡʦֶѳҵΡ


1238 ʦͽ
ھһĽУūίڵأСɪɪ۹͸һ˿
̶̵Ķʮ꣬ūΪѴӽɺڵԲһ·ɾĴ֮ȫϲǿ֧ţֻΪĽЩóЩ͵ƲɵԴԴϣӿ뾭ٺ֮СһǳǳСϪҲܿϮһ̣㽫û
ڻڵУæһӰʧˡʱʮɴҲǾūĵطʣһλӡòӢǶڵľ硣ΪгɶǰԶͬھ״޴롣κνͶãֻȴŶ˵Ľ١סҺһǲʵغѡҡ
㣿˭ū
ūȻһ̾ӹǰӣתĹˣǰĲԶ۹һĨɫ
˴ԭһ̫֮ŨڣȴǱģǿҵڷתšӵšŰţֱ񷶥㸲£ѭֹټңͬһյеˣ·Ͼ
Ѿҡص󱨡
ǲʱĺ͸ŶĿ־壬ľūʤţֻóѱʵȣĪ֡
ʮ֮ߵУӾſţΪǱʾֻеķ󣬻ɶһ١֮£ӦӢӶʱתĪĺ⣬ūСûʶٵȥؽסˣǿҪֻתܹҽңܵӡ
ūڱʯϣӵһƳȴᣬתǰĬĬ
һͬѵĵѰˣ˴˵ûʲôߵ͹ĲͬԵΪǵֺ֮Ҳ
ūֻһŮӣнңηȴӲΪҡβ
ʯĵѣڲǰ̱ΪߵһһŮŽ̤붴ڣϲñȻѡɴ˿ɼߴȻΪȴҲΪաֻʣˣͬһֻϧ֮ǰ𣬺ޣӴҲʦһ˹¹µָǺá
ѣҡ
ͬʱǸȵͻȻһҽС֧Ųס顱һըʱ仯һѪɳ裬漴ֱɣȻʬ޴档ֵ֮ʣһѪ¡
ūȻ˻״һ̾˲ҵΣǰйʮ߻ءЩȥ֮ʣٻĿ͡Լʱ򣬾˼ȣһ궼
ʯĵ䣬ӿŷ֮ȻγһļУɴ˺ϲķڻȻȴΪ赲Ī⡣Ǹӱ˲䣬֮ȻһѪ⣬ǿ֮Ȼ
ūгâ֪䣬˻ͫ츳ͨ
֣Σ
֮ڣ޴ڡ֮УɭȻĪ⡣޿赲㸲Գܡ

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һ̣ھ١ǿķ֫ٺ֮Űѣ뼡ѣ͵ʹԼ
ū̱ڵأĽɪɪƿеĲҶֻ֪޶࣬ɵñ˫ۣʦһ˶ౣأūȥҲ
ڴʱɽХһ١ɲǣܷ
Ǻ£֮ʵĻ㱣ūֻظһᣬʹҲٿȻ֧أ𣬻֮ʣʱĿɿڴ
ڰоȻͣɵ両Ӱ
һλӣҷŨü΢΢ǴһĨȻδΣʯƺ֮УŵһϮɫҲϤʱڵͷ꣬ϾһȸѴСĳѪ飬кڰ׹âӯ
ʦʦ
ūʱסһĺųڣ͵ҧ촽һԣֻ˫ӯӯһ˿ǻãλѣǡѵʦ
ǻתף΢΢ݡҪӦͻȻ顱һ졣Ѫʧȥ˷ж۲٣ȻȻը֮ɲǣǿĪƹЮϷӿݵֵɫԳɣſڱ͵һ̡ת֮䣬ɫѪ壬ΪʱԲ̶
ū
ӹ˲״һҪԾ˵档ͷһۣתĹˣ֮࣬־ŭһūȻꡣѪɷǿɶ
ūʦȻһ
һڵ㴩ʱŽƷ϶Ľ󡢱ŻȥơԵֻһв֮ء
ûãǰĽƺܼеķ϶Ϊһȥջ۵һӴķ֮С
һԽڷǰͣ
ռɣɭϡҪжҲѡֻ䵱ȻһССĹšǹ֮зѪ⾫İһеѪ飡
⣬Ƿ֮ϵԼɱ棬ϤӰغš
һ룬æҷһӰ󡣵Խ֮ʱ˳ƾǿѪ顣Žݳ棬еѪ԰ѳ֣ת˲ʱΪҪǣȴʱˣϾᣬֻǿѹơ
һԾū뿪һ˲䣬ͻȻ죬֮ȥңҵѲӿ֮ơ
Ƿ̮Ķ
ֻȡѪ飬ۣʹڵķ̮˴룿
һʱ֮٣ȴջ
Ҳʴ˵գҲΪ磬ݲ۳˭Σͷϲȵūǽһ׮£
һūĽǰδȣѼæץһֻС֣ѭӿ룬ѸڿȥǣʵūԵڴˡ
һĻû˵꣬һСӰѴӵҡζ𡣲Ҫ֮ʣԷȻ뻳вץ䣬ʧʦҪūˣء
ʱūһλò׵ӣһλŵҲɫ´ʱȴַǸСѾͷްֵΣֻΪʧɢѾõϲнٺί
һ£۹зһĨůůЦ⣬ֻվŲƾūӰй꣬Էȣɿļͷһģ˵ɵѾͷΪʦ㲻ء
ūͷʶţ̧ͷһմۣɵɫһ죬Ҵɿץŵĳһȴգ˫۷ʵʦ˵ū顭
һҡͷ΢ЦĬȻūأСɫ
ʦͽ̶̵˲䡣ǡڴʱԶͻȻйâһӰ


1239 
ͻ䣬ʦͽתȥ
ŹâԶǻȻʯھѿһɸߵŻ漴еһŮӡƲסڵϣһѪδ֣ʧǡ㡭
ŮģһŻȻʶ
һɫ΢ͬЩ⣬ԷŴӵȻ㡭ʶҵ
ȻǱǵؾеǸ˿ӡ
ߣǵ֮¶ֲŮ̸ֺۣһܶ𣬺⡢ָĪطһ䡣Ǹװ֮ȻȴԼһ˫ͫ˵תһץסūʾūΪʦȥ
ūȻٳŰ֮࣬ٺ֮£Ȼ֧ΪѼ̡Ҳ˲ǸͻȻŮӣæͷǡһֻץεĺƵƻȻϢͣ
ʦΪȣ֮סĪѪ֮ʣʦǵҳгɣӦûΪǵĺ󻼡
ū֮࣬ʦİΣ
ڴʱм֮⴫˭һҴ£ɶ񡭡
δȣɫһ䣬ѵλħ⣬ֻ֮£ǿǰУͷҲһأɷҪŴڽֱΨֶܲ
Ѫһ̣ڵķʮ赲Σδ¿ɼʦͽط֮δһת֮Σ
һץūһԸȦԷ⣬һûӰĽţ̧űȥŽǡӭ
֮ͬʱԶͻȻðӰ
һܻؼеˣȻڰ俴˰ǱȡѪɷȥƣ
лȻת߳Ǻˣôء
һΪ裬ȥһ١¾ʱڣѭȥ˴Ǿλħ˭˭Ҷ
˲䣬̳λҷֿȻŸסͻ״̫ڷ˼⣬˾ǽһйǸŮӡûӦϣ˭˿ǱҶϾ˵Ψһȥ·κζֶӣ
㡭ĪǾһ
ǻһǸĪˣò֮ʣɫȴβȥĺ⡣ǰפضŰһһŮ
ԶвȻַ룬ĿʵһҶʦܣԵϵá
Ҷ곤߱ŭȴֹ⣬ɱȻɣٲȻһΪĪĸˣôһڣȻѾõﲻڶӦǾ仰ԩ·խ
һڴˣδӦ𣬶۹һ͵תǰһӰ
ȻŵѪɫ԰ף͸ԵĿֻĪʧ⡣һ۹ⲻƣȻһЦһίڵأ˵׷ǧֻ꣬һˣҪɱ֮졭壬ֺ˱Ӧ
ŮЩĻ䣬ɻȴٶ˵֮⣬Լ侮ʯСˡҶħϳһҲ֪
ҶʲᣬǸŻ۵ˡ
ʹ֮Уŭ˷
ʮλŮʿΪ֮塣ֻ뽫侫Ѫɷɽһͻƾ硣˭ǧĿ๦ת֮ӰֻƾձĳһСӣԼĴ£
һȻһδ㵱֡ȴѰǸǲʬΣͷ֮ޡ
Լʻǣŭ߳ʦܣؾ֮£ϵˣľתɷձɹɣȴѳ֮󣬺ߡ
ǰҶٵգǻ֮ơֻѪɷгɣһͷƳʱ򼴱ԷӣҲֲֵ֪֪ף˭Ҳƫ˭
Ҷ۹һƳæ˵ʦϢŭסСӣ԰գʹļ׵ָǸļˡ˵֮Ӷɱ硣
ͻȻǰһʦ֣ܶһѪɷҪѰˡвɣͱ˵ļƸȻ
ҶʦԺ⣿СҵľתɷĿá
Ѫɷǰ粽á
ҶСӲˣҵľתɷѹΪȻؽֵܻʦ֡
ִݣ޷ҪһԼϵѪɷΪС˫Ŷ֣⻥꼰Ҫⷭ˵źáǸһǵϵ⣬ܷ˲ɡ
Ǻǣ棬治粻
ڴ˼ʣòһҡͷʧЦŰ˵һƳ˵һؾݱͬ㺦ĳ˵һĿŵΪΪҪħǵľУĳĵѪɷλպյħһСˡΪʦֵܣһ֮Ѷѡʡ°һ̧ΪмسǶȵĶв壬нյľȡ
ⷬĻоݣһ档ѵһ벻мԱĴˡѵ⣬൱ǣ
ҶһסٴδǸ۵ˡϤԷӦλɾСȴһڴɵĸ֣ƾȻȶڡѪɷѪɷ֮ʹɫնŲĪ˵֮Ϊأ©
һƿλ˵˼˵ѪɷһСֻ𡣼Ȼǵĳ˵ͷϣе㣬ߡδ䣬һȻ¡
״ҶŭԵ¡
±鲼ƣͬ׳һԽһŽѪɷΪСҴУΪԵʣʵϣ
Ѽߣ仯Ρ
Ƕڲеͨ仯ᡭҶš
оһ߳أնáû˵̧꣬ǰץȥһǿķȻʱҪС
Ҷ⣬ٹ˲ִʦֵܶ˫˫ǰ
̱ڵأֻŶ˽١ڽӣ޴ȥһһȨи顣֮ʣԷ£ɵʧֵѡ
ǿλڵĸͬʱ֣ҽߡɵ֮Уǿֳҵɱ綦СɲǣĿ쭱㽫С
֮ͬʱһӰѻ˵һߡ֮ʣٿȻ˳ƾ˺ȵ֮һһͬʧ
Ҷɣڰ;ȥΣתֱȥ


1240 ߵ
ÿѽٵʱǶڴ漣ķԱԽѶˡʱֻһֲʵʵ˲ʷ
ˡ֪رɣȴͷȡһǳѾõĶˣһǺټڣǳѨһ㡣Ҫʹѣڳ롣һéݣˮ֮Ҳɵؽץס
û뵽ǣһѻľ
ڵأδȣ̧ĹˣȻɫ͸ż־档
ɴСΪ뵡˵ɢһɫľʯ֮⣬һİŮһԾ
ū˼ʦȦΪǬڡƲᣬЪϢǡ
۹ڰŮϣ΢΢⣬δȴȻһ̾ŮӲİҶħŶԷħǵʱԼԶһءû뵽һĵӣ˵òˣ
ūȿȡ
Žڣֹסһǰ֣ͷڷ䡢ۡ
Ҷħ֮ʣΪ顣һĽƼʱʹԼһ
ΪԼӵİΣϧաȴ׷Ůӵһвͱ֮ġһѰʿ٣һħȴòȻɼ֮ӣֻϧԼѱѤһ˫ۡ
һСɵĵƿ˹֮˵ūĵҩΪãʤޣ
ɫ԰ף㲡įһЦ˻ܵҲ޴󰭣ϢȣؽЪϢһ
ūδ֣Ц˵ƿ侭˳ȴ洺硣ٶ֮䣬ѳ¡ǱȵˣֻԲλ࣡
۵شū˵ūһλʦ
ū϶صͷӦţмʦڣǣԱ㣬ȥЪϢӰһѴʧ
΢΢Ȼ̲סɢʶȥϤħǵ½Ʊ鲼һָѡ
ѣֻԭ·ء
һ߻ͷ·½أʵѹ
ΨһŻѱط£ı
ɱһѪ·һֺγ롣ҶֱǵԼūͷϣ㺦ʦͽˣ˴֮ȻΪ˲ɿͷпܣǶʦֵܡƱǿڵĸ̫ǿ󡣶ĳֻˣҴղ٣»Ҫ
һӰڵ½Ƶķ϶伱ٴУϸ΢Ĺâ׷ᡣûã˴˼
һ¶ȥͷżڵĸ֣ǲɹԼòײŴӡ̫ؾ˻֮˭϶Էͬڴ˵
ûѣҪֿԣ
ǰһ֮ؿʱխ϶ȥ޻ءȥҪ׷ϣʱĳ˵³֪ĪţӦ֮ߡٵȵȡ
һʩչΪһеѭŷ϶ǰСʮ⣬ҶʳĳߣΪ鶯ӯ
֪䣬ѹȥ˴ʱ˫׷ֹ˴˵ļѽʮɡ
ǡڴʱһͻȻȥƣӰǱѳΪϸСļ߹â˲䣬һ֮ӿһסʱķ϶Ե֮ٴ¼
顢顪
Ҷ׷衣ű죬·Ľʱ˲Ҫǰ˭һƵĺֻȥķ϶Ȼպϣһ;Ȼ֮ĵ
һµĽҲѰȴɴǣķʹõµĴ졣
ҶòͣƬ̣תѰ϶׷ϡһʱûײ˽֮ϡת׷ᡣʱ֮󣬵ٴκ¡¡
ظ˼أҶ׷ϵͷֱڵµķ϶תȦӣȻһʱȥ·ǵ·ĽҲ쳣̣һӲШס˷϶ҪǰòֽŷЩۡ
ҶڷЩԡ
һµĽеĲǰʾҪյ롣һƴɣµĴӶ֡СӵĿģҪȻ
Ҷԭ·أȴΪʱ׷ϣ޲Ϊŭڽƶ㷢ֻһʶħǣһߺ޺޵׷ȥ
һóˣóƴɱǧôһ·ȷѪߵաǵԭͷɫŹ¶ɱ¾Ѱҷ羰ҹɫǰСֻΪִʧֻΪҳڣֻΪĵȻ뽾
ÿΣͷųѰ򶨣ߵĽѪܡ
һֲͣͣơʱ˵֮ǰû飬ѭŴ;е϶һâɳʵʵ֮䣬ټٵ壡
һӰʧڴ֮С
ԪԴӱȥس֮һֱήҲ
ƣɼ뷱ףɷѡҲˡӸ߸ϵĳϣһӱŵʿ˵ʧ䣬ʵԪӺһƣ
뵱Ͻǣʵ磬ȴҲΪ˵˲ˡһʧƣЩͬŵĵٲԼҲ徻´ʱ
ԪӶԼ˽լͥԺУյˮڣѵζſյСԺĬĬ۹вʡ
ջȴһ֮󣬾ȻǰⲽءֻԼʱ˲ãΣλ߸ϵħһﲻ𡭡
Ԫڻûʧ̧ͷЩذѵƬ̣˭徲
һɺ漴һöըСԺϷַ
گһôأﵱʮ⣻ȫǣ͹
Ԫӽסһԭؼ˼תվ˵ͷ漴˫Ժš
ɹ³תگħǵʿзݡ˵ղֵֺηһȦأ
Ԫӳ˽լ˳ֹرԺţŰͦأҪǰƤһɵ΢΢һ꣬ɫɡ
ǰȥŴѣкβɣ
Ƭ֮ԪӵƤ㲻ˡһԳһЦù¶ˣҪɹ컯յģĪҪԼԼźã
ԪʰӵضС
ǰȥٶɣ;һűջԺ䡣
ԪӿͭԼռŵԺӣɵΪ֮档
ʮСԺʼղ˳ûĪ˽լһԺ䣬Ǽֵơ֮ˣʵϧˣ
˴ΪƫƧԶˡԪʱ⣬˳鿴һ꣬λת֮ԽԺǽ˫أ˵ͷԼ˽լСԺΪྻǹľΪ˼ƽľ
Ԫӵ۹ǵյķϣ̧˹ȥ
ŵĽ˿ͬټĺۼ
Ԫӽһ٣ɫһ


1241 լ
һɶߣΪʯƶɣǶƣʯݻȻһ壬к쳣ǡڴʱԶǵյķţȻһ϶
ԪӲɵһ
СԺûһ˿硣з磬Ҳصʯš͸ŷ죬ڼžڲӰ
ԿĪǻþ
ԪæһعˣǰȥŵĿСǵԼҵլԺһжôȻȻ˴Լ޹أͷһ
ףԼǶΪˣûʲôײ֮˵Ĺ״ν⣿
Ԫ˼Ƭ̣ȻתȥĶ£תƷ𣬵Ժǽ֮ȴͣ٣漴شķһŸɱԼУԺɲ
ССԺ䣬ɡȰ뿪ţͻȻſ죬͸ڣ͸Ź죬Ҳ͸Īջ󡭡
Ԫź룬ЦҡҡͷʮһΪģ꣬ƮȻԺǽŵأȴԭʧȥӰһ˲䣬ѳʯ֮С
ȥɷͻȻ֮죬Ѹײڶ
ԪӳʯݵһɲǣǷɽֶȻĹˡİڣȻǺ޶Ƭ֮һݽǵʯ֮ϡ
ʯ齻δ֪
ԪͷͻȻ顱һ΢ȴһסȻףԲ
ԿʯţȻڴʱرˡ
Ԫ֪Ͼ룬Ӷɽʯźݺ˹ȥ
ڴ˿̣ͻȻн֮ɲǣʯǧĽâ֮УоŵǿķȻɱɭ飬޵ǣ
顪
һ֮УԪӼķɽɶءȻ䣬ֱ޴롣˲䣬ŵѲáȻУĪҪɱҡδֹ㽩ֱͨһˤڵأȻǶá
֮ͬʱһƬĽ֮УֳһͦεӰŻڣҷ磬˫üбɫȻʵԵɱ㡭
㡭һ
Ԫڵϣ۲δšƿնӰɾʧ
ǲһ˭˴ϵؽĽ̫Ϥ˰ǰֻɾΪɢŵƾȻɲ⡣Ϊߣϻشħ֮δȥðһ˽լö֮سΪԼĽڣôضǵͷϡţһ̫ڷ˼
³ֲôǰƤֱߵĲһ򵥵˽լǺլ塣óȻܲܰ㣿ܸ֫ҷɼ˴ǳҶ֣Լ
Ԫֱú󼹱ֱð۷ڣͷæֵħʿʶ¼ڰԱͳϽơڳɱңΪй¶١顭
ʯݲ󡣽֮ȴء
һ֮վ
ǰһʯµ֮УҪȴֵϵСԺڹԷȻԪӣʹĸ⡣һԩ·խ
׷ҪħǵʿʱؽΧ֮УһʱҲⲻã
һĵȺ򣬸ȥ
ΣʱҴ
һʯµĽƲְпʯԪӡȻϵѸ콣סԷԽʩչ͵Ϯ
Ѳգ˴Ϊǿת£Ѱ֡Ī˵бģȻһسɡ
һŵƳһۣ˵һץԪӣֱ̧㽫ָһâԷʶ֮С
ԪĿɿڴȴû
һϾ룬ֶԪӣ˳ƴһӣķĽâʱûӰͷһۣתɵ˵Ԫӣҳǡ˵֣ĪҴ߶ȡ
ɢȥʯݻָԭ״Ԫǽǵĵ϶಻ԣ۹ΪΡ
һһץԪ֫ķȻʧԷӣæӵȡ˵ķɽΪεع˵ֵѼзԸҲӡ
ԪΪ˽ҶɣħĹʱҲʶȤĪԼĻ
һ۹ԪӵһӶͷذ˵ͷǰ·
ԪӼǣ˿̧߳ӣΪе˵ֵѣ˴ŲԶʹȡ
һ˫ּɣܼĽ˲ѽʯݸסû飬תԺУ˵ֻȥ̫ţ
ԪӲ⡭ΪԶ
ن£һ߳һԽԺǽԪӼЩȲƽһŹЦݸ˹ȥ
ʱ֮ѽ˼ֵ֮ղͬӰԴҴҡһأĶδ⡣ԪԽǰɣʱʱͷʾһ£ʮһ·ļơ
һߴĳųǧ֮⡣˴ӿȴΪ壬ʮʿķԴ
ԪӺͣо˸
һأԵͷ·ȥɡ
ͨŵĽϣһԱ˫ְȻŶڴɵΪӦǴ˴Ϊ֮ˡԪԶǰһ߳ԪӣĪûнӵگԵ١
Ԫûᣬ͵תеһڴˣλͬˣ
ŭɫ΢䣬æ̧һӣͷ˹ӰҴڣڵǧ֮˲ѱΧͰһ㡣
һһ٣۴
̤Ьٴȫѹһû뵽ɡʮ⣬ԪӵЦȻţûѡٽ߷Ը־ȫӵѣָʱ³֮۹ָͣʹģٲ統ǸϽǵĳֻˡ
־ȫӵʩ졣ԪӵıӰһۣתʮˣȵ˭һˡ
ⲻϻָգֺһʣ
ԪתҪȴֲòǿաǸ־ȫӸˣŭԼԽ֮١ߣͶ֮ԪӵĹͲɡ
³ͻȻһ϶޻šʻ߲ǣԪ̧һ㡣顱һ΢죬ԷھǷɳһӰʱ״΢΢üͷ
ԪӺǺһЦм˵֮ڳ˻ãڶĸȴ޴󰭡ֻó֮ƽ⡭
һһƲĬĬ˵ͷ
ʩչ֮ʣԪѷ汾ƭԼоţȴɣȻѣ
־ȫӼһԼδŭһ̧һӣʮʿǸԼƱҪʩչһ䲻һö飬Ҫٻֻ֡봫ȫǶ۶ԷǿҲѡܵȵλǴһ
һ°һ̧ΪȻЦЦ˵Ԫӣأб𡭡
˻⣿ѵջѲɡԪ΢΢һæķ֡ԴȴһӦΪεת־ȫ˵ʦ֡
ڴʱһͻȻ˿ƾ͵¡
Σ־ȫӲҵҪʮһâ֮˲䣬Ӱޡ
ѽ־ȫӣˡ
㡢㡭˵˵ԪӦϡ
ͷۣ򿪳š
λ£˭


1242 ӳƽ
ħǵǧ֮⣬һƬɽȡ˵ؾħǲԶķıؾ֮
ɫƻ裬鳲ɽ;С
ڴʱӰҴһɽ֮ϡ
һ˼еǰ˴ǲǧ֮ң¼·
һΪӣʮģòʣֻǳ֮ʣɫ͸ЩĻ̿Ρ
һ˺ǺЦһʱ֮ǰħǱŽգ˭Գ룬Ķȥ
λǸϸüϸĿӣƤŶ룬һϮµҲˬΨ̸ֹ͸һ˿֮ǰɾڵΪҲһ˾ǰˣ
⡭֧£˼ת⽥Զټ١ɽϮĪĺ⡣ֵ²ϲҹɽ֣Ѱȥ
һɫ꣬һЦȴ߳⺢ӺûȤ˴Ƶᣬǡ;֮ʱ۹ڶԷϺݺһأŲſȥǻֵֻԹұʮĹ
͵תȻʵΪ͡
ӺǺһ֣˵Լδ䣬
ɫ΢䣬ҪѱεǲԶԷȴһץס壬ɫ׳֮ܰǺǡ
ˣλǰҪҪˡ
ּ־ȴңҲܣֻûĵǰƼˮ꣬Ե˺̧֡Էֻ治ѣ΢΢ļʱͨ죬ŭѽǰ²ϲ˵
أ֣ϸȰοСԹԣ˵ңһأŤƨɣ鲻ԽرҪ½Աúþһ¡˭ǵĵڣǻ⡣
ǡڴʱһƿնŭĪҪŵĵͷ
Ӿһ飬ٹ˲ôķģŵתӡԷʢŭֺֻá顱һ죬һͬ˫˫˳ȥֱʮšͨˤڵϡз壬޴󰭡ͬȴƺһ£Ի˹ȥ
ףȻ͵Ϯǿ벻̣ؼڣֵͷϰ˾ڶͷһͰˮʵ
ڵϹȦڵһ⣬ң̻¶飬ΪǱ̲ס߳ŭغȵ˻£
˲䣬һϸ˴ӿնһͷƣǲϵģȴź⣬ٲȻһλɾڵĸ֣
״һȴӲͷƤԹλѺûƽԩ޳ˡʮϸЦ۹ͣʲô͵𳨿ĳۣеŮб𣬲ÿӡ
ϸ˺һſޣۻ軨ûë
ûëɫһеҡ仰ųڣһ飬סͷһƳæü۽׵ȴдʵҶд˫֮ţҰգ֪߲֣ˡ޺һ˦ӣ̧ԶȥҲֶܿ顣̫Կˡ
ϸסڲԶɽ֮ϡֻ徻һŭ֮³ϡԷʶȤҲȴԼߣߵֺⲻвŮĶһ仰û꣬Ȼֵ㡭
ߵλͬԡϸ˵Ļ͸䲻ɵһͦĪ˵ӵͷǧĵŴɣӲת֮ʣȻĿɿڴ
Զ֮ϣ֪ʱðһӰһŻ۵ӣ˫üбɱȻ˫ȴ͸һ˿޵ĳ죬µҡǼɽϸӵԵʣ֮ҪԶݶȥȴȻͣ²졣
һ㡭
ţҲ˺ģء
ϣ֡
ǻһϸǻšط꣬˴˾⡣һˣֱӱˡ
ǰһΪѰһͷ˵ħǡȻֻգòк·˼ȥǡݡ֮Ϊסˮ·;ޣԼ֮Ŀӵ˿飬Զݳǧ֮ԶҪħǣڿ̫ŵĵطʩȻЧʶϻδܵóѣԪӵİæʱѲµԷʹթȴƾͼơǣȻĹˡ˴й϶ȴǶ˼ĪС
һѵ㻹ųӣŸп֮£Ҵǰӭ˼תɪε˵Ѿͷʧɢ꣬Ѱһ񡭡۹־棬ֲɻؽʵġǶΪϢȡ
һϾ˵˽ǰʾԸ뿪˵ءкܶ໰Ҫʻţȴʱһλħ½׷ɾ鷳ˡ
żһɫƱˣЩ꣬лȻ΢΢˵ͷ˵Īǻˡ
һһƲץסŵı䣬תһɺ
֡
Ӽһܣ漴㽫һԵϵǸӸˡʹ˳̸飬˭϶ԷˡҪ仰Ӱȴûˡ֣תʧ̾һͬѣͬԵξ˼ڲأвǶֵ壬ߡ
һԹ֮ӵͷ£ҸۣףҸΪװ˵ӣȻѵӸ˳˼ѡ֮ͬʱһϵƻȻ˶Ȼȵֵܺա
ӡͨһ¹ڵϣе˸أǡſ棬״Ǳ
˲䣬˵Ȼʧû˸Ӽæϲ֣û˼ҵĺô
֮⣬Ӱȥءлأɫһȴ߳һ
æ˵뻢ͷˣĪϵáϡ仰û˵꣬ѱһֻĴָץס漴Хȥ

һʱӰҴҵƬɽ֮С
һλòӣҶһλźˣ˭һ
λΪĸˣԼҵĵʱ֮áټٵĽƣһѰϵլԺȴΪʱǸһӳ⡣
ҶŭɶԱѪɷ˵Ϸˣһأֱܴ裡׷
ָδ׷
ɽ˻ڵϣ֮ڸͲǸСӵټԶˣӳҰؽ硣
֮УʦֵܶĬȻ
ķ漴̧ͷƬ֮һԲǶתȥ
ҶԭŵҡҡͷÿĶݷƳһԶȥıӰЩɻ󣬳ʵʦȥη
ͷҲأسǣ
Ҷ԰ʣʹղɣ
ԶԶӦǸһͷӳƽϡ


1243 ܻ
һƬԶҰǿաİ뺮֮УвƮ㡣
ʱһʮСĲ֮ϣͻȻ绮֮ðӰеĻӱ͵ɿ۰һʱڰաһȴǼأ˼ϥֹסһ
ɫ졣
ι֣ݷ֮죬̾Ϊֹףǵ˺δ
вŮĶұ졭
߳һתһĽǰЩǵʵֵѣǷ
ˣ˭вŮǱһƣƤһ£ȴֲҶ죬ݺݸ˼䣬ŸһԡҲһǿɶӰְš
һûӦأ˫ĿϥµȴΪңɢĪɱηΪߣüӡнɫɫɫĹâرãα죡
ӰȻæ˳ԶȴָԲԣֻôغȥ
ֱȥʱһŴӾл˫ۡ˲䣬Ʒ׽ȥ궯Ҳ֮ƽȻ֮䣬ȴڶ
ֵѡΪ
ڵԲţǰ󲻹ʮꡭ⡭̫ڷ˼ֱԲλ࡭
һ³һüĵӡ漴꣬һ֣ɫ͸ЩΡ
Լӵǵʱʮ꣬źòڵĴɾ硣մȥҪߵľ磬ңңڡ˵סΪֲ֮
ūʾ⣬ǾڵľתɷʮλŮֵľѪΪɡҶԴıѾãӦͻƾ֮á
Ҳ˵һöѪɷӦÿһΪǺԭֻжڴɵĳˣҲɶΪǣ
ڵԲֹˡȲѵǿҪڵĴɲֵͣ˹ͷһҪйһ߻Ҫ跨λֵ׷ɱæ֮вתɲɴҼʱӳħǣŹ˵ϵϢһ
Ͼչ
һԶһ˼ȵӣ˵Ļͷ˭ٸʵ
ڲԶվü۵˳˲ǱһȺ֮һֱڷ߷߲ƽ£òͷǸԼ˳۵ĻŽʷѣֻֿ԰֣
ϣˡʻ֮ʣԵɫأ
תæֵ֣ܵ㣿޷ûǰŻصǶԶ˵価գͷұǰȥʰˡ㽫뿪ؾ֮ĴΣԼҰɽȵһһʮ
һأϥ΢̶ɫȻӹǰţת۹ͶԶ
֮⣬һնķƹãڶתơ
һһʱȴӵĻԼ˼̲֮ס廰ӦüǶֵܡ걻Ȫ֮أǡλ׳ȡ˾Ŀ
˵ʹ죬ϣߣĪҪΪǶԶ˵飿ƻͷһۣתһֺõ˲мΪ飬ʶ;ȥ֣֪ӵıԸ߽࡭
һԶջ۹⡣
ޣƵĶųӵıӰһڣһſ϶飬תһ˵ֵڻȪ֮ؾȹһԻˡǰȥѰ𣬱˴˷ֵ𣡡
ǸԹˣ˵Ļܸɴࡣ˵Σ˭ҪǵҲؽǲݵ³
ףҡӻͷҪŭȴͷһ飬תί֣˼ֹ˵ŻִսٲȻҪ౳źһǡڴʱһǿƺȻƵʱ˳ȥֱʮأμΪǱŵ֡ǰϢŭ
һӲᣬ𣬳Ż˵ڻȪ֮ˣͬ򣬸ĳֵܡ
ŻȻͻͷ˵ѹֵʱ˵Ŀ죬ֻϧ治ʶĻͷԶ档Ī˵ǶֵֺܲγˡͽԵ治ʶԵطա֮Ե֣˭˵أ
һ˵οһЦ
ͬʧɢѾãȴһ֮ڽ䡣ˣ˻šҪҵˣпڡ
һƬ̣˵ʵĦǵλħ𡭡
Ųϵص˵ͷ򣬱㱻һ췭ظµ˺ģȻǱԲġǻҪؼڳŵ𡢿ס
ʮδģһԼǲٴɫŭʱȴأá
𣬾ҪҰһ㣬ȴֲʧ顣Ҳ̫ҰˡȻħ
ӽһ٣סɫ΢䡣
һ˵ʱҰȻ䱸ɭϡһҪһˣλֵ⡣СѰȥϤ㣡
ɫ꣬ϤλħǶڵǰˣ¸иŽϢȣȬδãȴóȻյء⣬ǻ֮ӡ
йغλֵܵΣ֮һüһɫȻֵȻ⣬˽ӻҲˡۺģ˭סĳȥ·ɣ˶ԲΪҲŴǡħǶ٣Ϊƾ衶ؾ̤һ˻ľȥã
Ǿ澭򲻹ܡ
ֱͦ͵ϵЩŷŵĻЦ˵뿪ѾãûĹʾɡֻҪĪãһͬкηһתֵյĶԹһʹ֮⣬㻹ҪӦѰҳӡ
һҲʧĻţĬĬ˵ͷȴӣԸȦ
ų£漴⣬һѶһϵʯ֮С
һ಻ؽ˽ȴϾ˼ĺơӽйǳġһ·ͬУһŻͼߡȦѱﴨƣݵʮ˸ڻ¡
֡ǰ²ţʹ˸ǡ
ӸԶ㲻ǰ֣ڳһϧļơħΪУûо仰˵úãǧ֮ãٽ֮Ӳк⡣ǲΣǽ֮£ܻؾӱ֣
һһӵǰ˵ǰҰɽȣ
ҲӲŽһֻĴֱѽץס鼱ΣֻŤĵϧ˼Ҳ
һֻ̧Ϸ˫϶ʱðһŨ룬ǷɫҲűڣȻһĴ³׳֮ǰģˡȻһЦ漴̧һ̤


1244 ת
еһɽڼΪأгľ֮ء
ʱɽվżˣֱǴӶӣлָ˱Ŀһ
˵һ֮˫˫ͷٿӼԣҳһ¡
˶ĲԶһ˫ĬȻվȻһԲɫüңԼӣŭɶɱĴ
ǰһӴⷵҰѰҰɽȡΪӭֵܵط꣬ûţȴجĽ
һİǰѰʵһҰɽȾ꣬ڼأûˣֻһݣ˿ԭǹ˵ãؾһ¶˼ɶ࣬ݻò֮С
뻢ͷֵѡǰֵܣ
ǰһʵ
ǸǿӵŮȻΪˡ뻢ͷһδһȳأûл֮˳벢ܻ׽֪ȥ򣬵ȵȡ
ͻĽѣȵйأһڶĶйءҪŪеԭίѰȳ뻢ͷҪѰڶ
˭ʶڶİһҰ;ĺӣԳڶ
¹ش󣬶ԴһӸϵȡ֪Է⣬ǻæصɽǰԭίг
ĺˮ֮սڶشͷ򱻶ҰɽˡΪһ٣㰲ķԼҵȣ˲δʹ˰ݡ
ʮĳһգͻȻһȺˣ˵㽫ץ뻢ͷ䡣ΣҰɽȸ˳ȥֵܱܻ׽
⣬Ⱥ֮вڶӰ߻иϵȴԿ϶
ûȴ˵ȺΪǿмʿԺηȥ˺δ˾ǺͿѡ뻢ͷ޴֪
һĬȻΣŭ顣
֮󣬾ѹʮꡣ뻢ͷ׶༪١ΣѰ˵䡣ҪˣҪʬ
Ⱥмĸ֣ǴĻǣıƣһ񣬾Ī飡뻢ͷ޹ȴҶĳֵܣߡ
һһתŲԶĶ̧°ͣʵͷλٻһ仰ȺҰǱ𴦣
ԡ
꣬˵ʮλǰ˵ŴӦԱɡҰʿֹǧָѰ
ʲô˵ڶޣоֹ죬Ӧġ
͵Ѱڶ»ת
һصص˵ͷɷ˵ˣλǣۣʵšԼѳҶжд̣в꼰ҰɽȡȻһʱ޴ӼƽϣѰ
Ա߲ҿֱʱ˿֮£һ֮⡣ԼǡÿԽȥʡĵϹģʵʶǳ뵽˴סЦǺǣڶѱλֺαҡ
ɽʮɴСʯǶөʯյͨĵӰУԵһĿȻ
ӵһ仰û˵꣬͵ؿʧԣ͵ر͡Զ۹ȴѪâǽ˲ͷһţǿε˵»СС»ˣźá
ͬڶӣɫɻƷвѣаʵŵ֮˵ǴΡ
һҪȥȴͻԴתŲ˹˵ӣ֪ڶѱĪȺ졭
ޡޣҲŲϵЩأȻͬң
Ӱп಻ڣֹסֳ̧˼¡Լ죬ⲻû𣡶Ʋ˶롣̧˵֡ǰŭ
껹ؾеһѣȴΪͬǿ⡣ʱ˿̣ǳƺһǰ׵ŭ˶Է˵ǻ
һæһָȥּƲϵͷʶ˫һ̯޹˵Ҳϵλ˵ĸˣֻײ˵ڶ˷дԡ
ӵĻе֪ںˮȴս֮ʣҪóС˵ˣһˡֿڶͷ鷳һƫƧɽ֮СԾŷЪѹŴӵ´ڳȴϽײ¡
ڶز֧׹ɽȣǡ˷ʧֱܡĲˡ
Ȼ˵ˣͲɾڳԼһڣԾԼȻѣܹע̧ϡĺ룬򶨵ػһ˵ڶ֮󣬶ֲδȥǼԭغ򡣹ȻһŮӴλѰ龰ңԱ˵Ա˵Թʵʱص£ûпһУܲԲһأԹ߽һλޱˡ
ڶץˣΪߣŮӼͬ飬Ҳ·ʲôĶ֣Ż˵ɷĻԲ飬һ̫ڷ˼
ԲȻĪ
ֵ˷˵֮ʣһĽͣһͣӵĻ䣬оһǰһɵȺ˵òӡҡתһԣŶ˷ԸȻ
һⲻҪ϶ץͷȺ֣ץڶǲͬһˣͼѰˡ
⡭ʱæǵ࡭ЩѡʱҲ˭еȥ⡣һƳæΪ֮˵ǵһ
öһСԼӲ鿴΢΢һҡҡͷ¶һĨ˵Цŭ֣ƺڵɽʱһƬɱ֮УΪ֮Ϣ޴Ӷܡ
ڳ˾ǰľǶӣһ׺̡ƾɾΪնɱǰȣ֪֮
ΨһԼ֪鲻룬æѵǸڶǻǱˡŮʦãԳӣʵմӡ
һδᣬ۹һˣͷʾ뻢ͷĳˡԩͷծ֮Ϊ֮ǡץתӣݾܾ˵ӣвȴҲһǴߡ
ʯôοһˣӲҪǫѷ䣬ɫȻһ࣬еҲ


1245 ˲ǳ
֮⣬ǿ֮С
ԡΪҪȥҰѰˣ˭ת֮˴ѰǸ£ʵҪáһȺˣӲλǰ˾Ǻ⣿ǸԶȥˣ˴˼Ҳƶ˸ңأ
һ뿪ֱ֮ǿ֮СһѶ¶Էת˫̧֣ۿԶõƣɫسʵӣԳǧӵܣ֪кθϵܷ
ƮڿУƾ޽裬ȻЩ䡣
һôˣŽħĵλ𣬻ӲԵҪǧĵһλˣҪԼʸ׸飿
ӵһŻƤýģգֻͣӶԷԼ̬²⣬ȴʲôҲƬֻ̣СĴǰɻʴˣͨһǧʿ˼Ϊ𣬲ڼΪӵܣɣǺǡ
Խ˵һʵȻýкⷢһԼʹǰǧģʱƣֻֿԡǽ˵Ϊãĵʵܲˡȴ֪ʵʵ˵Լһ
һת⻯ԼڵţɷģΨŶǵĺ⣬˲ӡӲαһƲɫࡣ䲢δ˵̧֮˲䣬ŮӵӰȻţһӣС
ѡ
֪һϵӿԲˣȴû뵽˻֮⣬ŮӡŮ˵ò޸Уֻ۹ⶢһ˿ȹŮӡ
Ů֮ɫ졣
ȻֻǼΪصһۡ
ūЩţһ㵽һԣֱ㽫ʦĴӸ߬ȻްΨϢԲȣ԰Сϻ͸һ˿ĪĻš
һЪϢ֮иĹۡɫеʧڡӣ䲢δ⡣ԷֱӻԼ䣬ǳϡ΢΢Ȼϳҡʻ֮ʣŮӿһĪ˶ʶԼ֮
̧Լһơ
Եӿڳ;ǹܲסǷ鰡һòŮӣвɸ˵㹴֪ˣֺαظһԵأʳɫҲ˻һСٱѰ϶ֺοգ
Ȼ˵ݻòζϢı䡭
ȻһˣǱŮ˻Ҫϸ£һˣĻԼ׷λħֺγˡǧ꣬͸֮УҲҡ
һŻŵͷʾ£תԡ׿ղᣬǶǸϸΪּ͡ᣬֱ壡
ūίصͷأԳ䲻ɿ¶ĺӰ㣬ԹʦĪҪūᣬȴִΡ
״ɫ㬡ԭǶʦͽ֡ǰԼǸˣȴֵܣεεĵӣߡ
һЦЦοͷΰģΪʦĶ֣ͬСɡΪѰǶֵܵ䣬һпνĪ⡣⣬䱾˵η壬ȴ˶ԼеһӡҲÿūһԵʡԴӣֳԴӣܽһ˿£޷˵ĵһС˵ʦͽ鲻벻̸סǰ;粨δƽͽκΣ
ūʦ˵̧꣬𾧰Сӯӯ۹Ĳᣬƽ˵ʦΰūū˵ţǳǳЦɿ߬ŵ䣬Ȼ˺벽ȴ׵ʹãģΪˣ
һūһʱֹ
һĿʦͽۡһɫʱ˵ֵѣȻҪϾˣҴūŷǧģپ۲١
Ÿ͵ԲҲûȥˣ˵Ѱӡ
ԣһҡҡͷδǿš
ŻȻǵҵȴȥΣ仰һ룬ֻڳ˵һūİΣ٣һλҲǱ⡣йǷǷǣˣΪߵȻ
˻ΪȻ˵ֵ뵣ģɻʱҲҪİɽȪ֡ǧȻȴû˸ҵȡⷬԡܵҶĹƻٳ֣ˡ
İɽȪȣһһ˵ɵͷһĬȻƬ̣żʵǰ˵Ĵ֮ʣɫڴ
˽Ϊգȴ֪ˡѷ桭
ŶȻˡһʧ䣬ǵȻһЦ۹ӹţת˫֣˵ҽūиˣٻᣡ
Ҳɴ࣬Ӧֵѣγȣ֮ˣջһõūҲˣ
ŸǸµˣ³һ䣺أĪ˳ӡ
ūҧҧ촽ʦū
һ˵ͷζ˵ֻ˼ˣص˷ԶΣ
ū
š
ء
һʦͽ֮ʣ˳סˡ
һԵӼǰѾãƼǡλͬС㿪ţһЦûҪȥ˭δѱצĴָץס󲱾ϤĻͷ𣺡ȥһǡ
Ҳ
Ӻܺڡ
ǸһҰ³ԵԴٴ˱֮١ɼ֮£ֻڲԼ࣡
һҲŵ֮е񣬱Źӡʱʹͣδ֪أ
ŵˣǰʹҲ޸ܡҪ֪ԵĲ࣬ʱ
ӳŲԶȺһֽۣסػͷһƳ
ħݵķ֮´˳š̲飬ȴȴǰϿࡣоյؽ˳ǣĻ˿δҵ飬һֵƬɽϡ
ͱڼ䣬һĹȿڡ˴ͨǵĹؿͨǰһƬɽ£ʮʿΧŵеһʯͷֲͣ
Ӷ˶񣬱Ⱥȥйشʯͷ֪ʯһʯͷֻ㷨һȥʯͷϻвͬĹâ֣ԺڡࡢסࡢϺڡࡢϳࡢϽɫʾǿߵͲͬǺԴǿʤ²ͷˡģթô˵ȴòһؽ䡣
֡ǰ㺦˲ǳ
λΪףԸһϸ£ֻһʯ
أ˳к͸ȺԷͷɵһ£ȴӲͷƤҧص


1246 ֻΪն
ǿɵʯ͸ںڣͷ˶ţɽϡ
ʯܣվʮʿò죬ΪߵͲͬ
˴һ֣ȴԸϳһʯҲûɶؼڶ˰ӳէк߳ơ
Ǹеȸͷ׳꺺ӣɾڵΪӲӦսԾɨˣһҪա϶Էһ֮󣬽ֵһʯ̫١
ⷬ䣬ڳ۹ʱˢˢ˹
ӽסɫ΢䣬һƤ鴤ţƬִ̣΢ǻ˵ҡҶһʯɾ߽ˡˡ㣡ȿȡ
һƬš˲䣬˺ȻЦ
һʯɲǸСĿһʿòɾڵΪȴרѰɾڵĶ˶ɵӣöֱ֮ˣƤ񡭡
ޣǰǸ׳ϻЦݣȴǲмһڡ´˵λŤŤûӵˣ㵨ηսҲͰˣֺιʺ仰δ䣬ܶЦһɫϷŰŨ
˸͵óһʯƣȻǴϷˣҵȡ
˲޵ħǣû֮ˣߡ
ԭء˵ĵ٩볰ţȴǸ׳
˵˭أ˭ûӵˣֱ̫ǿ벻̣
ӵĻƤ͸ŲҰףŭ͵һӸ߸𣬼еλϸƣ˺ǸǬӣѱĨȥʶƣʯɼ֮ࡣ
˼״Цݣ΢΢Ȼڨڨ˲¶డݵʿòȴʯʵ⣡
Ǹ׳ҲΪ⣬סһ
һסˣһ˦Ǭӣַֻ̧ź룬ͦأѵûְȻɫһе˵СС֣ڱ˵ȻӦսʧ㣡仺תŷر·
ʮλʿûӦһɫĪ
ʯһϸ£˫ͳĿ൱ʯһĶĳֻڳʿԵҲδܴչ
緲׼ֻƾŲƴ֣ѹС̧ͷµΣǣ
Ǹ׳ȴѰԵҰᵽζ󻽵л˵
ߣûһʯݵ£
Ȼǳ⣬ȴͷҲأҡﳤȥ
׳Щֲת˸ɫ漴һ·ɽ¡µʿɫζ̶ԺȻɢ
ӺƶĶȻԹڽֵ֮䴩Сȥķʱĳšһʱѵ˳⡣ԶɽãӰ̧ͷɰ׵Դһҡҡλ̤նԶ
Ǹ׳λͬҲų˳ǡû˳нƵȥڡ
أԴƮƮУµģƬ̣һֱ򶨵þæ˫ʩչݷ˲仯һ⼲۶ȥӵû׷ø죡
ת֮䣬ȥ֮Զ
δɫһ䣬͵ڰֹסΡӰ۵۶˲Խ˴ЦѺιæ˴׽׽
סȥ·Ǹ׳λͬ飬Ϊɾڵĸ֣ڰγɺΧ֮ƣȻ߲ƣ
۹˸΢΢ӣǿЦĵǺǣҲξθ·׽Σ
ֻܽʯȻȥǸвӣ˺ʶȤźã
׳Գ̲סЦ޼ɵص⡣Ϊֽ裬ʵΪӡԶ٣޿֣¶ԷӦ
ɫȻһ󾽼Σס̾еǲƲ¶ףֻ̫ҡˣҪڳ˳ӵļƣ߶еһֻ֡
λͬһЦɫڴ
̯ƣǽӣһơԷɻȻɰ档֡ǰԸķӺãȻɾͳ˰
߳ʣʯڣ
ϾӦƽƾ顣һâӰ֮
ĸ⣬æɢʶѰ٣漴Цƣݳǧ֮Զ̧ʾ£ͬλֱͬǰ׷ȥǧ֮⣬˲Žһƣɽ
׷˫ٴٽʱ֮ӺȻˡܻͣؼеȣʱ
״׷ȻֹסȥƲԷԶݷƽʩչƲȴҪ카һ
˴ΪȺ廷ƣܷڡһǧĴˮŨΨвϵĺˮȣ
ΪҰʿȻء֪Ȼ׷˺ˮȡ
ԭ޿ֵˣɵøԽ䱸ʶ֮УﲢްӰ
λͬ黻˸ɫɢ·ǸͶ·֮ˡ
ӼйӦűƽˣֿ˿ĺ棬ס˺
ˣ±Ӳˣ
Ͼ룬ּһ֮ǰǸǬӣ塢ʯɷ񻻵һ
ɫȻȻû쳣ѭӣתλͬһ֣ŵ˵ɽ
һŵǧ𣬲÷ڣΨֶԷԣæеĽӺݺ˳ȥſյĺ淢йһȴҵֻýʯƲ
ССĽںϻһ΢Ļ⣬ת˲СҪ鿴һ´˷ջ񣬺ɫһһϤ
顢顪
ֵ˼֮ʣ촫ͷһȻĿ
ҵʮԶͬʱըѪ⡣ɾڵͬ飬˲ʬ޴档һкףݿһ㡭
֮˲䣬ĳУֻΪն䷨򵥣ר֮㡭𣬲Զ֮⻺ֳһӰƮݣɫȻֵĽںĺͶһļµõӰɢĶƣǸĪ⣡
Ȼ֮䣬ۻҡһںתݡ֮ɲǣķͻȻһ˵ɫĽâ˲ǧ򲢷꣬ȻһɱɭϽ˶ʧľս֪ڽӣæĵǰ飬ʯ
ӱӶݣȴͻθһæּӶΪҵػ֡ǰ˼ˣ˼Ѳ
һڴ˵Ⱥʱֱɱ֮󷽲ʩչ콣סһ֡Ӽ֮߳ʯȴѰɵˣд
ɫһֻ࣬գ˼Ҳװûйͣٻпء


1247 кƾ֤
ڽһƬ֮С
ǧâѽķ¾֡ɱڱ˼ֻ֮ת֮䣬ҪǽɫĿ쭸顢ɣֱʬ޴
һǰˣҪʰһɾСͲѴ֮οѾãڳֻ̣²ɱô򵥡ǸһҪʲôǴǰħگ֮
ͷ䣬ľ͡æǵصĽɫâ󺰵ǰ¸ԸУֻ󹶻
˵ֵҲֻϧʱǾ仰
δ䣬˵ʯȻȡѭ
ֻǰӰã˲ѱεķȻ֮£ҪУһɫӰ֣ӶƳԼٻץʱһ
ˮȵİ֮УɵĽɫڼתеһУȻĪⲻ£·ĺ֮£һƬ޴Уɱ̿ң龰ɷǹ쾪ˣ
Ӳʧʱض㵽˺ˮߣѰλǰѰʱ򣬵Ҳ;ӣһɱˣʱΪѪɷԼ˳ǲȻֻ»ɢʱ򶼲֪ô
֮ؼĶٿȻһաźнƽɭȻĽûˣ׳ҲûˣֻһӰڰȻա
״ӲҵæŤӭ˹ȥ޹еʵ֣ջ񣿡
һһƳת˫ĬȻ˼
һЦֻʮͣ£´ΪȻصͷ˵ţʬ𼣣ɵ䣬֡ǰΪ˵֡û˵꣬æ
Լų죬л˵Ƿ顭
ǰħǣ޷ҪѰܻͷ˵Ⱥ֡ѰˣǰκһλȻˣʹֶΣʯգǽ֮ǿӦ˲¡
һֻ򲻱й¶٣һħǣԼѡ˼ĺˮ˭϶Էɵɾʿ붯֣ԳɣһɱڡοΪաǿߣ࣡
˷ɱ֣һʵʩѻ֮󣬵Ҳջ˾ħʿħε֪࡭
һ˼Ƭ̣عͷһ֣˵ӣǧʯȨл̧׳һӣЦЦ
ϣʹáһæװģǫһ䣬ȴ˳ƽӹǬ䡣ǧʯϲˡ˲䣬ʲôɫ΢䣬æֽӸ߸߾ΪѵǰȥǴ¡ݳ𡭡ʵܲ𡭡
һˬصͷ˵գĳҪǰʹ˸ǣ
ǰ˵ȥħǡǰħ֮ж˵ֱһ˾Ķǵ֮áвΪ̵ʵԸգǧʯְ
һ϶شأһα㹻ΪȻ֣ҪջؽԼеʯ
͵شһ˦ϲлǰȴ֮ǺǡԵһЦžʹԶԶ㿪ǰ£ǻϵɷ˭һвԸǸӵĳϣ
һ̧֣ɫ˵Ǹŵ֮ˣá
ӺŴԣɵͷһ顣
һ˵ǧʯԤĳ𡭡
һȻ˻ħ֮ѵûг͡
ҵķ֮ѵǳͣһһ䣬°һ̧ݾܾ˵ŵ֮ˣĪҪǮɻߡ
Ҳ֪ϵˡųڣһֻץ
ħԶʮ֮⣬иľȡ˴ɽܣأ㣬ö֮ºӣҲһĵط
յɽǰȴλʿ
һӣ³ۣϡ裬ۻ̻̣һͷ
һλǸ׳ѣͷͦζȽ䲻ģ
˵Ϊ޼ΪɾڡΣٲȻһԽĵѡֻ;о뵡Ѳɽأɽɫ룬ʹΪ֮ǻѡ
һɽڣ㵽ɽ֮Сܵɽ嵹ҲдУٽȵصʮ֮ȴһŨصʹڰ﷽Բ֮ڴݲֻбصʯĿĻΪǣڰ赲֮£ʶԼԶ
֣˴ɽˮ޺ҲѰȥ
ӣٸ҆£ֻܼ£һһȻߡ
ߣȻһݻòȥʵΪԭҲΣȴű۸Ŀģ
Ի֮ʣһǰһɽȵз壬Ũصδ㱻ԶԶƿɵڰɫлƶ
ʱ֮ǰɽºبͻŨص֮࣬ڵһĿȻ
ӽɫȻ룬æͷ󡣶һǰУѪ
ɽ´ڹȵصһ࣬и߷壬С洣һʯݣͺͺ׮ơų
һʯݵĶʮͣ½Ų̧Ĺˡӿˡתǰɫ΢
ǵסȥ·׮ѱʴֻʣ̣߳ͺͺ״ʯҶŻ֮ơɽԶ׮ܡеʯݣΪʯɣɴСеʯŶţڶβ
ԼƳ˶ߣȵ󷨡
һûӣǳǰִ̧һ
֮ɲǣɽϹâ˸Զİ˸׮֮䣬ʱƳ֮ͬʱʯͻȻһӰֱ̧Ǽ⣬ȵȺˡ
Ȼ䣬ʤ
Ӳ漴ѱУ顱һ˳ȥ
һͬûл֣ԷĹƱˤɽ¡
ʮ⣬һ̡ͨءҷ壬ֻԷ̽δȫ˲޴󰭣ֻǸǱ
˲䣬󷨵ĹâȻʧɽȴһλӡòѰȴɫ׺ݶˣٲȻһλڵĸ֡
ſڵϡȥܵǰԴɵɫһ͵ؿԶһԷ۹бתɽϵӾ˵Ҷټǰ£ͼǰ̡
һһ٣˵ӣǰݼǰ
ӽס£һڡʲôǰ̣ѰࡣԭΪȥħǱӹһ٣˭¸ӵաƬ̣ȲǰǿЦӣǰơ仰δ䣬͵һաǽҪͷ
ɽ֮ϣǸȻɱδӻΣ俴һ˵кƾ֤
һŽһкƾ֤


1248 ɼ
ǰĺˮȣһɱеһλʩչѻ֮
ʶвѻ֪һȺ粻׵ʿǿڼΪħһԡ˺һʱٲħʿڰбӻȡôǺ˫ǱΪ飬˴˽졣
ϤȺʿΪɾĸ֣ٲҳءճĽУԷ͸¶ľôһطֲ㣬ʿȵȡ
ʶһѰ˴˴Ȼ޺ɽ֮Уʯݡ׮󷨣ðһλĸ֡˵ŵơ
ȻƱֺ֤֤ڣ
ûƾ֤
һ˼һ䡣
ĿæԱ߶㿪û֤֤͸óȻˣǶϷ
ɽϵ΢΢Ц
һ˵ȣҶֻѰľȣ⣬Ի˽Ǣ仰˴в죬ֹ˹֣ɵǰ֮⣬Ҷ˾͵ػתҲˣֺιҪءη壬Ҷ˵ԹҡҡͷתԶ˵ɽˣɽڣߡ
˵ҪߣӸкŽ⣬æת̤նʱ˼ɶѡ˲Уܵá
ߣ
һɽϵӰһƳҪȥǡڴʱһէȻ
֮ɲǣһƷѿհĺХ˲䵲סӵȥ·ȥʮɣʱŵһ򣬲ӰһŤͷڻصһԣʧɫǰǺ⡭
˲δŴ𻰣ǻһȥǰʱʧĶγ֣ԹߵҲ÷
һСɵƬư£֮ǰӦΪһԲ׵ķʩչ֮ʣƬ絶ƽǳǿƲɵɣ˲ħޣޣ˾һλʿ
״ܰӿʹųҲ鶯࣬ȴҲ˱ɱ֮⡭
ûᣬЩ֪룬ֻÿͰ͵ؿһеΨһ̣ǰλ֡ǰ޶ԵģһסԹǧʯѣҪӵ𣿶ȴҪΪֵ߲ܶ嵶޲͡˰ǲݽңˡ
˺˵ǺǣľȣҪ̽һߵαһЦֵػӣλС˵΢΢ͷʾ⣬漴תʯݣգۼûӰ
ǸԳػӵĶ˾ȻٳַѣǷ·תȻǼʯݵŶæƤɷǽŵʾ֣ȥĪ⣬򲻿ɡ仰δ䣬һӰѱǰһ߳죡
ѽԵβʶ˴
Ӷˤ䣬߷߲ƽ꣬£Դһһʣӵ°ڣظ˹ȥ
һɽ֮ϣľ׮֮һҲ޶ٲǰʯݵһɿ⡣֮һ˶ߵŶȻβ
һӰζмĴϢ
һüͷ΢壬Ŀԡ
͵סŲȴ԰̾ʮһܴݲеĵС
һԶ̧ǵŶӰҧ
˽ʯݵһ˲䣬پۻҶâμ׹£ȴǷɽš顢顱֮˫˫ֱˤ˳ȥ֡ͨͨڵϡ
еأһѪۡ˳ȥ侪״ֽŲãæ˼££סŤͷϣҪˡźƨɣҶǱ͸ԵɻһŵķʵᣬҼΪͻȻ˸⧲˵ţι͵Ϯ
һͬһŲˤǰȴһվƹ漴顱һһʯ϶ֹסȥƣŽתڵϡǺ𡣶֮ʣɫĮȻ
һµɽаɴСܲǶ˲Ľ뷢өʯʯڿʮ䶴ҡһԲĶѨ󷨵Ĺâɢȥ˴ⲽЦǺǣľȣعءС־ڲпɣȴ׳һƾѪġ
һѭȥ
ϵǼʯ֮У˲дͨټɽ֮ڣػˣ˵εĳֽѵ̽ߵΪݣٴ͵Ϯ̽ߵĳ񡣵쳣ؽ¶زδݣҪ׳Ѫ귽˵ѪΪ˷Ϊ
Ž߽ػӣɵɫں֮࣬ĵأѪ꣬ɼҲҪľȣҲʲôæŲӣ۰ǧʯ㣬Ҳ㣬ء
˿ˣ
ؾʱȻҳϦڵ֮ǰƾһ˿һƬ̵Ĺµľǰ£ܴҪ׳Ѫ꣬ܲΪ֮أؼڣƽ޹ʵΪܹʵԩ
Ǻӿˣ޵òл飬޵ðˮνɫ̾Ϊֹ⾿Ǿ£ʾֻ˷Ȼ
һ۹һӶ˿ȴϾӣػ˵׳Ѫ겻ѣֻһ٣ָ̧ӰɽǸȻʾľȵڳƾǰһ֮ԣˡѴ˵ţҡͷ֮Ĳޡ
ˡѴʮ֮⣬ػ޿ֵͣ߶һ䣬ԾЦҡҡͷҰգұ˵ס
ӽ˼԰һԲ԰ġһʱ״ֻûĨ˰ͷ֪侹ȴ˿
һ˫ϥڳһϴļơ
ػ˵˼ĸѾձ˹ڴ֮ǰҿľȡ̤ɽȵһ𣬱ɼǺǡһЦ޵ֵΣзϾѪҰڲ¾
ʧǡǻһ³
ػӵЦݸ䡣
ɼһĬĬ˵ͷٴνɽһ飬żĪĺ⣬˵ȻҶˣֺαεĵѡ
ػӲδе⣬ͱ˵߳ƾںԣɻء
Ŷ˻һɫ䡣
ػӺһмҵȴû˵˵ˣ
һüһǴӵϻվ
ѻ꿴ף©ʱ򡣱ϾǸʿ㵽֮ˡԼд²ߣջ¶šֻû뵽ĻػѿһУȴһܹݲϷŪʵɶ񡭡
ػӼһֹ죬ɫһȵѰ˴кͼٴʵȻҡ

һ֡žһ°ڣ˫ü۹Ѫɫ֮ǰˡݶԷ죬˵ʵԴĳֵһ𣬱ɼ


1249 
֡
ȻĻػӻǽסȻʧ
桢ҲԲߣζŶ澳ԲǼ̤붴ǿߣԺа˻ĵ֡޺һǱȳˣоתɷķֳǶڵƣһӦ⡣
ػ֪еΡֻһİӣΪľ̽ʵԸ˻ڵض裬ʼղɫ̩Ȼֱ֪֪ˣ¶Ŀ
£Ψ̵ˣΪ¡
ػӲҶ룬ͷһȻˡʮ⣬ʱĴֻȥٷڣתΣܷԸǾ仰ɼ
һҪɱˣʧֵʱ򡣶ԳΪ֮ʣǡػӴ֮ʱ䲻ݻӱۺնƿնܷ״󶯣
ػӲŽһƬҫ۶ĿĽɫ쭺Ȼɱʯ纳쾪ףν׺ƲɵġҲӦսæſ⡣ǹ뺣ٳɾκˡ
顪
֮˲䣬ɽȻһ졣ʮɵĽâȥһ٣⾶ֱ˳ȥ
һػӲسߵĴ󡣲һ˳˫һӣƾճһɴСĺɫ޸Ѹưŭȥ
䡪
ضɽҡķĺУ޸ݺɽʯ֮ϡػӲŽڵĶѨѱڷȻը顢Ӻɣֻһ΢ɲľѪӰٿȻ롭
ɽ֮У䡣
һʼԭء̧üӡǣת̧
ǰħ޸ڰлɷƣɱɭȻ
ʲŴæ֮ʣʩչĲǡӡһûľ޸ʵҪΪؾеѪɷ
˵ħ޸ΪħӡеĿԼȻӡһ֣ʽǬħӡħӡȴδ޳ɣֵڴ
һ̧һ㣬޸ڷɷʧ̺ķȴ֮عڣټ֮ǰȡһƾѪ꣬ʹΪ缸϶ͻƲ¥Ͼ˼ֻðǿƣһѽ֮ץ˹
һֻӣƬ
һƬԼӶ꣬ڽԲ鿴漴㽫һͬתǰɽǡڴʱ˰֣ҡ
ĽŰ˲ɣͷɢһֲ֧أһбģٲ֮ʡȣʱֹ졣
һͷһƳǲ߳
ɽǿжƴɱԵЩСʹ޴⡣ˤ˸ͷȴھ֮һʤתϲû˭϶Էûкǻ֮⣬߳ǡ
ȥֱۣǾɥʧһء꣬˸ۣ˼ɵתһ׷ȥһһէͨǷѽǸػԸн֮ҿ
дĶѨ࣬ԭǶнƵļӲʯڣһʮɳ߶Ļڣ˴Ŀģ
һĶţԹϸϸѰ١
ʶǻͫټɽڲ޷֡ʮ䶴ңӦΪʿľ֮ʱȥҿա
Ӽ̬֮󣬽˼˲磬ֻǿȴԶԶδ֧ŵĵزûᣬڣಽѵ֣ˣȥΪ
һɽתһȦдĶѨǰͣпөʯ΢Ĺâ̧Ž֮ɷ飬˼˵ӣ㻹ҷȥ
㡭ѵҪڴ˴΢΢һΪԼûʹѽǸػȣ˹ȥԸޣֱ̧ҪԼһ⣬ȴֳžƳ˫֣ûŵģԺӿڳ
һתɫĪ⡣
˺һЩ̻̲һη壬ȴֺּãԱ׷Ҷݼ
ǿߣ֮飡
ߵʱߣȴͻȻһ棬ʵ˼ʴӡ
һһ֣˵ߣҲ㣡
ӼæҡͷȴһԷαɿ̽˵Ȼˡڡ
һûӦ̧׳һӣ˵ǧʯΪ֮
ǴеĳȴԼˣȻԭʱţ͵ӣǽסüЦΨб䣬һҴҹ޵֮ˡ
ǧʯǶڵǰˣֻҲû˸ԣҡ˷ðգ׬ˣ
˶Ѩ֮УѰҿ͵ķš״ýӯﻹһĿģҲż࣬ٲȻǴʱתľͷ
âʧȥӰת֮䣬˵ϵʯ֮СϾˣԳŷɶݶ
ֱ֮⣬Ӳüͷ
û׷һаȻעǳĻˣҰǶȻȥˡҷǧĶһʱա

ֻΪɱˣ
ľȵµɽУһһ䡣ԭ˼תѰһƽ̹ྻĵطϥ
ǰɻüĿְֻܰţΪǸһԵʣʹתܾȵûͷȥǧʯҲֵá
ڲɱ˾֮ǰúüƽһ
һһǰĸƬеӣΪħʿλͬУװһЩȡö鿴ֶһԡ
йħ޵ķţͬС졣ۼͨֻ»ħӡᲢۡ
һػµĽӣĨдĽơ顣ʶĬȻƬ̣漴ȡö
öͼһǧĵĵͼԼҪҲʵ֮ҲһĿȻӡҰɽòԼķĴΡ
ػҰʿΪЯǧĵͼ
һڽѰһ顣ٿ龧ʯעĿ⣬ޱػĶ
ħӡһɱȴҲѻ
һɫ΢һöͼҰħǣֱԶ֮أһ;価ͷһƬ޼ʵĺԻڤ
̻ǵãݵĹУиڤϪɺȴԶɡͼеڤкָ
һ˼Σв²ȴɻ󲻶ϥͷϵƬĬĬ꣬ҡ
ƴСԲ״ƬʵӨ͸űһΪΪɣӦһ׵ūҲá
һ뵽ʲôֽƬһԼǬУתö°ڳ
ػԣ˼ĸѾձ˹
ʱ򲻵ˣõֽˡв֪˷غջ񼸺Σ
һ´ɫá꣬һâüĿ֮仯һֶȥ


1250 ڤ֮
պӰľС
һλ뷢Ұ׵ߣСɵΪ³ۣͷʵľګԵģһλߴˣŶڴɵľ磬ŨܵĶ룬ľ߼ֱ뺷͵ļơ
ɽµʯǰû⣬һǰһڡ䴩˵µɽԲһ
յɽڣ޵ߡĳ֮УǰδеķǽЩëȻ
˲Ž̤󣬱⣬ӹܣæͷʵػȥ˺δ
ҲһãȻ״˲վڶѨԣңػȣ˴˻ϺһͬԶУҵѼȴûӰ۹ڶĻϣɵɫ΢䡣ǷͨµĺۼȻиڴƴɱ
ǡڴʱеִſԵȿȡλֳ
ѭȥ˫˫һ
ɽһʯУ߳һλ˵ӰòѰɫҰףϢȣȻܴӣȴΪ񣬲ҵؼ˵ǰѰƣաǿУȴòضԷݣλֳüʱȿȡµԵʣԽӲɬĻﾹвͬ
лȻͷʾ£ȴɻ
߹ǿɽȵػӱˡεķŵǲס⣬һ˲䣬ɽ˲ĪȻˡ
ԷתŭǺηʥľҰ
ػӣ˳ƺҡͷһЦص;˴Ъŵʿѣһ˱ɱһ˶·ӣҲ޴󰭡˵Żְ˰֣Ȼǳƿᡣ
˽ػ´סһתʯǵĻĬĬʧƬ̣˵㵹㣬ܷԶС俴ǵڷǶڵĸػѣѼûƽϣں
ػֱͦ˼ǵȻ
˲Ը˵תʾľӣշһ仰֮󣬴ߵС
ľӵӦѼзԸв֮ϵܡػӣľګɣȴһĨײЦ⣬̧·Ҫ
ˣһľӣһ롣ȥη޴ӵ֪ҲѯʡֻػӱԷѾãԼ
ػ¶ȴڳȻһЦľУһͬ˵ϡ
ֱӳʯݣͷ
ػ£ȥҰıĻͷһۣסƲƲǡĳ£ûйһ˳ǽԴͷͻȻȲҪԶУҸһء
ûʱ˷ȥơƬ֮˴Զ˴˾һ̺˼䡣
ػ֮Цλİһһ¡Ϊ׵һλǸ꺺ӣڴɵΪЩŹ֣Ҳüǣ롣
˵˽ǰԿڤţٻҵǰȥӦ㵢顭˸кԷͷ⣬漴˫˫ȶ˽ľػ°ٶɡ
һ˻ɺ磬۵糸㼱ݶȥ
ػڶУɽ¶ˮǶݷҲйоأȻǰе׵λ·֮ʣȴһֱڰ˼ͣ
öͼеڤȻЩйءľȵµɽУҿʱͷȻȻҪʱԼûľǼڸ·Ͼ˰ˡ
ڤ˺£ȻʦڣҰļԶ֮أǷǣͷ䣿
ػ۹һԹӣʮľӴҴææҪɡ
ľӻͷһЦֻڤиֳûŵǰȥٿб䰡תοȥһµ·̣ϵܲ߱Ъ
һµ·̣ѰĶݷơˣм֮Զ뵶һȻŸ·ȴҲԲ³ڤ״ƿ֮С
в֪ЩԺη˵ţдػӺǷ߿һ䣬תֲ޵ĵ˵ټһЩֲǣб޻
ľٴλعͷϵܣȶϲ£Ե㶯ŭοȺֵİ֪Ŷԡ
ػӱܹͷܵң֡
ľͶһƳδ֣˵ڤжʮλפأټҰˣӦÿɱݡв⣬Ұ֮൱оգҰıǡ
ػ֪ԶʧԲٿ
ľӵĻвѻϤľȵһʿжʮ֮࣬Ϊĸ֮֡ǰԼӻɾʿǰͶⲻ֪Ūɳ׾ʳȴҲջ񡣿ɼĳɰܵʧһ۳̡
˵úãĪΪۣﳤ˷
ʱػӣѷǰػӡľʿΪеȺ˾˭һ֪ڤкãľӵΪ޿֣޴ѯʣֻܼ¡
һаˣ·ֱͣº󣬲Ѱһ˵ķ嶥ЪϢ˰աЪϢ֮ʣػ̷ҩæϾ˵ľһĬĬꡣ
̡

ǰԶǰĻ䡣
ԭɽͣ˹ͺͺĲë֮ءûգ½ʧˮ졣
ٵǱɽƯī

һаȥƼӹһƬĺڵ롢Ĵ£һСıɽ֮ϡ
ö룬һ£ڸϵ˵ط
һ޼ʵĿẮڣڤ
ػΣδվȣ޾ĺ˽סҪ¡ʮɸߵıɽĿʤĴСѩɽ農ڵĺˮ֮С֮⣬޾Ų棬ɱͬڡ
ȻӰԶ
ػɫ΢ͻȻ´
һԵľӺϵԵæң
ػָ̧£һЦʲǡһ֮ϣʧ֮²Ӧ䣬ԵüΪǱæδؼã⵹ġ
ľӳžֹ쳣ػҡҡͷתǰƶڳӭǴӰڳƣ
ˣͬΪ׳Ϊ׵ĸͷ׳룬Ƕڵĸ֣ŽαЦ̨ʤΪȴʵλؾ񡭡
ػӸžּǹһ˿޵Ц⡣
֮ǰһˣͬԳ̨ʤȴɾڵΪһ˻켣ħ֮СʱҪʯ϶ֽҪ㡣һ֮ͫ£ѿΣȴҲΪ˾þɻѡεˣħǵĽ֮Ϊ
ʲ⣬ȴҲϡǰν˴ˣͬһˡڳʿòͼΣڶӵ֮С
̨ʤ²ӵڶĶ֣ظϵ⼫ڤ֮˶šΪΣѣͷС


1251 
һ鸡ɴСػӶһˡҷ١ǧ֮⣬ֱľһˡɴԶʮλĸɢķ˴ңӦȻƬﺣ
̨ʤδѣԶİ˴·Ըﺣ򣬲κԿ벽ַɱۡʱޣʮ꣬ꡭ
ػӿһཥһƴ׿̨ʤᣬСһȺʿĳ֣ʵ˲⡣
˴û˸ɽʶһࡣǧ֮һɽϣȻ̾һȺʿˣ߰˸ӵʮλŹգһʮ֮ࡣһǶΪλڵ򣬿νݲʵǿ
˾ܲܽᡣǻǺƬڤֲʲôأȵȡȵȡ
ػأϥ令巨£븡硣
ܲԶ֮⣬ˮڳĺ
ػ̧üģ漴ֲźۼس˫֡
Լһˣȴݡɷķһֱڴȴֻǿֶ״Ҳ˵ȺԶԸؼڻͷȻΪ֮ƣҼͣŻ
һæͣ㣬ؽΪϾ˼
ⴳūڶλħ׷ɱԶȥ֮ţӿлϤ˻ͷ䣻ѰҰɽȡȣںˮնɱˣľһ·ˡ
ĿϾƣӦǧֺγйеʱ˵µ·ԶΪߣײæľδĹۣǰȻͷ
һ£۹оֳ־ãȻ
Լһͷ̵ֻĶǣ׷ΪȣòεԶŵĺ֮С׷Ѱĳңһ˿ο壬һڴһϢִ飬̢
һεҡҡͷ
ֻѰ˻ͷҪԶֻ⿴Ƽ򵥵Ըܷɡ
һһó̳ӡߵ⣬һͨ͹ࡣǿҰھֱظȼգĻΪ֮һ꣬ȥͨһˮ𣬿վ̳Ӵżַ볺ĺˮ
ǹ˾񫣬һ׳ʮһģھ̳³˲䣬ȴзֳһʶ֮ȥ
ͬʱǧɽϣ˷¡Ƭ̣ʮӰ̱߷
һԶĶȴ΢΢˸䡣ʶȥǧɣΪ׵衣Ҫ鿴ͽ޹ֻգת̧Զ
ȺʿŽٽƬ򣬱ʾ˲䣬̨ʤѴλͬӺ󷽵һɽзӭ˹ȥ
ǧ֮⣬һ
̨ʤԽصĺǰʮյס˵ȥ·ȵӣ˾ݣѲҪ˺
ʮλʿȥƣǧһſˣƸ졣ǱӵǸźˣŶԲΪԽڶǲػص̨ʤѣǰˬԼΪݣ־йӲ֮ӡ
ߣ˻̨ʤΪȻ˵ѷǧʯĳ𣬵ĪҪôߡ
ǺǣǧʯǺôֱʣЦѼȻ˿ؼ龧ʯҲֻ֮ȡǶֵܣΡ
̨ʤȻܾǰˣᡣ»λԶڤȻ
ӻͷңתɫһʵȻΣ
ʦĪҪ˭˭ɡһ߳ǡ
ǸϡʿŶСɵΪ͸żֹ֮Ƿŭӡ
ʦ֡ʦԼǣҵȾڶֻΪֻһϸĿʿŸһ䡣Ŷڴɵľ磬̸ֹҪࡣ
˻䣬ԶλԼµʿ¶ɱɫơ
״̨ʤ޿ֵ̧һӡʾ⣬ԶͬԷ븡ǳ׼ҪԷڿƽ
ػû۹ȴࡣ
ľӴӰɹʱϵܹ˼ƣֻЪϢ⣬ء
˵Ҳмӣڴ˹ͷտԼ
ػӵ¶һĨ޵Ц⡣ľлס˿
ö룬ᵽֵܣ뻢ͷɴ˲²⣬һﻹšӵǺ⣿˾Ҫȣⲻ
ػתɵɫһ
ľ˵֮ʣؽ۹ͶеĳһطԼԼص˵ͷűԶȥ
أẮ֮أδ
ػɻת
顪
ǡڴʱԶһ졣
˫Ȼ
ػӴǴССĸ֮ջ۹⣬תѭȥ
ǳһһλȷѡԷһâݺǧ̨ʤâŽ֣Ȼʧֻڰлһ̶ĺХ漴εɱɣ޴ӵֵҷʤ
ʿԽó֮ƣΨ첻ơΨ᲻ݡɲǣˣȴɱ׺쳣
̨ʤ׵壬ݶܡŸ̧һӣ漴ǰӭ˹ȥ;Уɷƶƴ䡣ʾˣʱȻħ֡
ӼлɳãλʦԼһλʹ˸ɫɢֱڤݺ
֮˲䣬̨ʤӰץһɺڲ档漴˫ۻӶһ೤ĺڲֶȥʱʮɡʮɣӭǽɣת˻漴ûļµĺڹ⣬˺ѶرɫɷǾˣ
˲䣬ײһȻը𵴵ƿŰݡâȻأԻɽղˣɺڲֹסȴԶɷˡէȻȥһһ潺ŶţҲ൱˫ʤУֻܼӳַƴΪ
̨ʤ֮ʣϵ˴Ľʮλͬһơ֮ɲǣƷ׷ɣʱһƬʮ﷽Բ󷨲بա˼ӳ֣ڷȹɭϡ
ӵ˲Ž˵ǰѱסȥ·һæ߶ǿȴֻĺЧ΢ֲռˣ֮ԷзԵʾ⣬漴һڽе̨ʤ
̨ʤȻڳڱļƣȴӮλͬסţ͵תݣֱ㵽֮ħ档
ʦֵˣλϣԼµʿԲϾʹ˰ݣٴνȺԷȴ̨ʤ£еת磬һʱ֮䵹Ҳиɻ˴˼ţͣẮļѾõڤҲű
ػڱϹۣɫζֻľһзƴƴԼⲢ覵˻֡
̨ʤ֮٣֮⣬ֻѣǰľӵʾ⡣
ػԳɣһεӰ͸ȥ


1252 
ػǰȻµعǧ֡εķȴȻ뿪𣬲ѭźѰٶȥ˵˿̵Ӧó֮Ϊһ
˲Ϣʲôûз֡
;ļɽҲԴһЩĸˣֻԼ⣬һ۱Կͨ͸
һȥƷŻ
̨ʤẮֻļŵﺣ򣬾һʱҲۻͷǷڴˣڤȻŲɸ˵ءڣ벻ϵıɽԼɲĺס
˵رҪ澿ʵܲף
˵⣬ء
һ˼Ƭ̣ѭľĴ·շȥ
ȥһɽǰʮ﷽ԲΪѩǣէһڶı衢ɵĸԼ󲻹ıɽʵԵࡣ
һԼ񣬱ںϵıɽȥ˲䣬ͣ
֮ͬʱɺԶλڵʿѸȥķ򣬾Ȼɽ
һ״δ죬ǻȻ͸żֺ档
Ӧڳһ˫֮ʣȻһö룬ŵһƬϼӷضп϶ڳʿܲɴ˲Ѳ²⣬ɽ
һ̣Զ̨ʤвȴŽֶԳ˳룬Ҳʱ򡣶ת֮䣬
ֻɽͻȻɳһɫĽâѸֱٽ˿ϮȥȻ֮£Էʧɫܡűǡ顱һ죬˻Ѫ꽦䡣µ˲ҽңæתӶݡ
֮ɲǣɽ֮ðһüˣһλڴɵĸ֮֡󲢲׷ϣЦɫ⡣
һǧȴðǰĶţ̽ѡӼ͵Ϯɣתȥ̨ʤռ˱ˣֵþʹ˰֣Ըµ˸Էԭפء
һĿǰı仯סҡͷǿʯͷ֮ãմοЩѳɾأ
ڱ˴ƾ֮½ıƣ˭˭
֣˷
̨ʤ˴ԶأδϵɽǰЦлڵⲻѣȴڳư̬Ӧ˷ɣʷԹۡԷڱɽϣȲʾ˷Ͳֵһᣬȴͷλ֤ĪԼ䣬Ǻǡ
̨ʤᣬЦıǡ
λڱɽϾƬַֿ̨̣ʤпְ𣬻овӦΣλͬȥǴһ־漴ɽвӰ֮Ŀߣ˲
һȻƮڿУǰıɽĬĬ
ǸͻȻǸˡľȹԾӵ̨ʤֺγˣ
ɽȻǬǶнơִǰûз֣ǲ鿴лһλڵĸ֣Ӧ֮⣬ζʲô
һº棬漴Ǳĺˮ֮Сѵˮµǰ
ɽͬǰǱ븡·޾ĺʶҲȻ
һˮΧűɽתһȦûз֡գٿȻ򺣵
ǧɡɣת˲Ž׵ɽͣޱ޼ʵİĪѼӿһͷŨīںڵҹɫǿʶԼԶһʱ淽򡭡
һû룬ֶ뺣׵ĺʯ֮Сֻ꣬תϡ
£ѹȴ޲ǽﺣƸ׳죬ȻѰ˿
һ˼Σͷ˼ƽϡٳɣ϶ȥڼ뿪׵һ˲䣬ɫ΢
޾ͷẮ֮УһڲԶĺʯ϶ٿ֣簵ҹþȴʵšָ̰֮Ϻ͸ӫ˸ҹɫеľ飬΢ӯСɶ鶯ʼȷ
һݼ֮УȻִš
ֻֻءν̫޼
ƣӡ˳סȻͨͬԵãȻȴֱΪת֮
ֻתԲ̫Ԫޡ̫޼֮
̻ǵãɾԪǰ仰һɳ绯УŽһ̫ͨԪ
˵תɣ޼̫̫ء̫ʼ̫̫׵ֱ̫籾Դ
һں׵ıĬĬ
̺һӫ⣬ҵʧڵȴһ㱡ıǣ״Ρ
֪䣬ʱȥ

һ΢Ķ𣬺ѣһ뿪϶ȥ˵ǰ¶ʱȴƿǶյ㡣µ·ȻûоͷȥķȻ
⣬Դʽܾ֮ͨв㡣йصʽͨͻȻ˳롭
һغ棬ִɽԻع鱾ٴγΪػӣȻɣʲô
һ֮ﺣ
̨ʤһȻԴһ֡˴ȴδʹԶȥǧһɽϣȻҪȥ
ػ̧ĬĬѰʱ䣬־һ麮⳹ǣʹ˾ͷһꡣ
鲻Сȴǣǡƶһ㡣ޣȴӨ͸
ػһ϶һ㵭Ļ档ʱʧֻһָ䷨ϣپı龹Ȼʧȴ͸ĵĺǹ졣
˲䣬ָԭ״ȴнСɵı̶ûĲҶŶïΪı飬ɴ
ػӵأһĹâвľҡҷɫ次ƺ£þûˣǿ麮ȻӰ٣
ŷ飻ζɱ֮ȴøΪǿڻڸ컻Ǭ
ػٴ̯ƣȻĹâޡ
ǰգɡżĹ⻪ǿмתַԶȥⷽƽ˼ֹĪľ
ػջȴϾ򡣼ķ쳣ķһ뿪һֱǧȻȥ

ӵ̾ıɽʵһСĸλʦܡλϣʮλΪ׵ĶһɢЪϢȴҲƶԱ
ʱĳӣʵЩơ
Ϊǣ֮лɳãȴ϶Էһλڵĸ֡ûռɣǳһڳˣ˵
˽ȥҵȲ֪λλʦкθ߼
ʦ֣ҳǿ֮
ӵ˵еֻ̨ʤݴͣʹҵȴֲƽϡ
ֵܶ˿ҪǿȻ̨ʤβѹˡ
ţ˾⡭
λ˵ҵҡ
λʦλϷֱ̨ʤ󸽺һ䣬Ҫóϣɫһ


1253 Σͻ
ʮ֮⣬ԭĺͻȻ
һʮɵ˲Ž֡һˤ÷顣һнƽΨкˮű΢΢͸һ˿졭
Ե޷粻ˡʶ֮У쳣Ǻˮǲˣǹ
֮ʣʿѰ಻ס棬˫˫ԭط˹ȥԱٽ̽˲Ž뿪ڵıɽġͻȻĿĹâ
ˮ״ϸ׻𣬺סͻѸƥҴ֮ɵ
λʿʧɫҪ㣬ĺȻͷը졣

׻ӿնޣݺݳ˺ϡʱ侪ŭ𣬾ſա׵ӰҪкȶѱ˫˫ҷˮ
һ̣̨ʤһʿԣߵĳӵͬĿɿڴ
һ׷׾ٵػλСɵʿɣжڵĸʵʩ͵Ϯ
˲䣬̾ıɽ϶ʱһӰҵ龰һ羪ըȺ
ʦֵܣԼˣԼͬطɵ˰֮СλǷɶǰ漴͸ˮת֮ѽùʿ˳
⡣ˮʿȻһȴ˫˫ز֧λ߽ҴҰڱɽϣתͬӵԴ
ʱȥˮٴγšʮ֮ڣ޸ǰﺣ򣬸һ˳ͷ
ɽǰİ֮Уһ԰ڿƶ䱸
ӵɫЩƵ˵ö룬̨ʤһڰֻɽнƷԷŪ˲鿴Աʩɫ޷ҪƶŰˡԭȴʦδݲԿ̨ʤĪҪ̫
ʦ֣ҵϷŪǲȥν
ӣöʦ񣡶ԷشҵȲ緽ӳԡ
˷Ԫϵܵ˼ҿ˷С
ӻû˵̧ͷһۡ
֮ϣ˸ǴڵԵʣҰ֮صδ״ǧġħġġϡȪ鶯Լ磬ңԶ֮⻺ƶѭͷķнһ֮ơ˵ʶԲȴջ֮״ԡ
ͫ΢תǰ
ʱʦнħǵľڤԼʦֵӦи˳ٻ˼Ҳ١˼϶λ˲ǶµΣ񲢷ˡ
顪
ǡڴʱһԶǧʶһĿȻ
ӹ˲룬ɫ΢΢һ
һ鸡֮ϣһλСɵʿһ޷֮£һȭ˻ķԪ꣬漴˵ڵأգۼһûѪ⡣
ĿȻסҵ
֮ͬʱӰӺϼתǿ鸡֮ϣԼӴ֮漴ָԲȻе̨ʤ𾪣޴ǰĽҡ
һ͵Ϯ̨ʤ˿˵ȴһԹ۶ֻ
и˰ıȶԷŵù
ûãͬĶͻȻڼͷϡΪߣһɱ飡
˭ףǳǳĿųûʹ֡
ɴСĸϣһѪʬĬȻ̨꣬ʤԶջ۹⣬תһ˷Ը˴ΪҪȫ¡
ȫһλ꺺ӣŶԲΪͷǣַȥϵź
̨ʤδգŴٻ
Ƭ̣Զ˹
룡ȫľӣػӣ뽫ǧ￴ο鲼ƣ˿ɳ̨֮ʤ֣صĽһȴֲͷתһ߳ػӣĪٰڳƵģʧٲ˸ϵ
ǰ˫֮ʣΨػŲ⡣˵¿޴󰭣Ҫ͵ȡɡֵΣͻ֮ʣǼһľٶ˲ݣôһ⵽ʱ˴£
⣬ػӴӵϻңң֡
̨ʤһ˦ת鿴ȫǡ
ػӿ̨ʤԶȥıӰΪȻҡҡͷ鲼䣬һ÷ӡȻԼֺαǳϹһͨ˹ȥֻŪ峾ӵ˵顣ľȵˣ࣬һɱһ
˴οϵܣҪĪСʧ󣡡
ػӳֵԶһۣĬĬͷʾ⡣
һ·֮ϣֱ˴ľʼնԼмӡߵ˵ǲȴֻػӶԣĳˡ
ػչ䣬ʩʩȻ
ֵ⣬ľӣֵ⣬Ǹȫĺӡ
ػӵо˸̧꣬ᴥüģħķȻ

ʱȥ޶
ɽڵİ֮УӵɫȻĪԡ
˼˵ģƳһλħ֣ɱ˶Էһ˵ģȴλǿޡĪǻеڰнģȴȥ綯ռȻ
ӿʦȨ뿪ӣֳŷԪӡλʾ⡣в˵ͷϷİԶ⣬ͻȻһ׹ƿնԷѸ֮бб˹

𣬶Ӳδ⡣ɲǣ֡ȵıһ̡
ʮǿķһȻӭ˼Ϯ׻𡣡䡱һը죬Žƴֻ·ĺˮ𵴲ݣ
ס
֮ͬʱ⴫һȣ漴Ӱһš
ӵƵϴԸλ磬ֱа¶мĸ˹ȥ̾ıɽϣֻ˵ʿԭЪϢµ˲һ׷
˲䣬λϱ׷ǧ֮Զʶ֮Уǳ͵Ϯ֮˵ĶݷһȴӦսֻһ·ӡֳôĶǰо
һ鸡ϣ䱸ԶλڵĸֱԼһʵһæΣҴǿϮӦԡٻȫӦ𡣶ػȴţԹ˰ȻԶľӣ
Ψʧִķ
˲䣬вӦ̨ʤѷɱڵߣȴƲڡиӰ۶һսɱ⣡
̨ʤŭ롢ȫӭ˹ȥټС˫һ

˲Ž׷;һ׻Ȼ⧲֮£һλʿֱҷ亣
˲䣬ǰһӰ֡λ׷ϲͣϾ˼Ρ
ӵȥæȻһӶ֮ʣ¶һЦ漴ʧ٣ȴмѰ˲룬̧һָһȵӣ׷


1254 ѷ
䡢䡢䡪
̨ʤˣֱλײһ𡣶ԷͻǿȻͦû˰м޻һʱֵ֮÷ֵס˷ӣȫǺӭ˷Ԫӡ
˫һ֡
̨ʤ뷽ƾУԸնŶɱ
ȫֱӵ˳ȥֵ˾֮ʣԶмλͬɳԮλſסš
ԪȻռñˣȴδ׷ɱ뷽Ӳ˫˫ɫ㵡
׷˴Ǹ͵Ϯ֮˾ȻûӰ
֮ͬʱѴŶʮ塢˳嵽˵˫Ľ纣һ޶ڵĸ֣ȴʤ˶ڡ׷֮ˣм죬ȴʱʱ֣ǴæǱļƣȻǻŲ·ɱɴ
Ϊǣλϵǣƣǰǧֻ֮һڵ⻹Ĳ·תʧֱڤأ
Ҫ׷ôͻȻˣ
ӺһȴΨͷ裬˼ȵȥ
֮ϣһƬҡ
̨ʤн֮ʣܵͬǰŽټʮˣԷȻ·״æԸ˵Ӧԡ˶ڣȻ롣ȴֻľӡ׵ػӴ˲СһУϡ
˲䣬ӵȶʮλʿڶ
ǰǡ˿أ޵Ѽɶڰգȵ˽أ
Ӳᣬּ̧һѷɽԵĿѻʯ
һȥ磬û·߷
ػӣǿУҲΣ塣ľ뵶Ȼȴδٽһȴ׺ݵ˵ǧ֮⡣ü֮ʣ̧ٳһѷɽ漴ӱ۳ף˭ӭ˶Է
һǰȴʮΧ
䡪
϶ʱըһ죬ɽ飬ĹȻ糱֮ɲǣػӺǲشһգۼյ˳ȥ״ң״ҲǱ
ӵȥƲֱͣ롣Ǹ֮˻ǰתӡģڷŵػ֮²޴󰭡
ΪڶߣǶӴߣȥķֻһ
ľ뵶ҪӦȻˣֻøǰ׷ȥ
̨ʤһֱߵĶʱԲŭɶؼʱ򣬹Ȼػӳ©ʲŵľٶȴ޿ָ𡣹ѲڣκΡ
һͼһĿȻ
̨ʤæķԸһת롢ȫسȥ뷽Ԫû赲׷
ֻﺣ֮ϣâ˸ӰҴܣȴһǱŵһɽȥ
ǡڴʱػȵ˱ɽǧ֮⡣
֮䣬һӰӱɽŭɶȵڴˣ󱲻ɢ
ػȥƲͣźȣǰ
ȻգɫиһȻơŽԶĶ䲻ɵ΢΢һ
̨ʤ㲻ã˳ֱ룿ܵڸǴ֮ʣ
һƳ߳ݵûţء־ƾץһѺɫĴ󸫣ǰӹػӣֱӵӭ˹ȥ
ػӳǰĴ󸫿һۣת˲˱ɽ֮ϡδŷԸأѪѰ٣漴ųԶһ±ңȴν赲顱һɻΪˤڵأٲȻһƣĵС֮ˡ
䡪
һ𣬵˫Ȼײ
յͷ˺ʮɣǿΡأֳִ󸫶ɫ䱸ŵʱʮ塢λڸֵĺһͬСɣ
һȻ˶ڣȴҲ˱衣գʾ⣬ֻٴǿ
̨ʤڸӡԪӰΡɽڵ֮ڣɱڡ
ڴ˿̣ľ뵶Ѳʧʱ˱ɽϡ
ľɫ̻̣۹
һƣȴתػԹأιײһεİɽƻȻɣת˲ƮСֻʩΪɴ˲󷨷ܡ
ɽһ֮ϣػأбŲ㵲ѡǵ֮ǶнƣȻ϶Ѱβ֮
ϵܣңƶˣɵ֮
ػѭȥɫ΢
ֻľӸһƣΪƽؽѵвݣжز١
ƣƽķƣػӵҲд
ػ̧óһƣ滹ľػӵ֮мӳַ˱ǽǰӱۻȥ˭Ͻ״ﲢǷơ
æŽϾ˼Ķľȴػӵһһ״ɵҡҡͷ
ػתֶһöҰԼڤͼٴǰȥʱйâ˸֮˲䣬ǽϾֳһԼĶڡ
ͷŭȣػӣҪ
ľͬǾȲѣǳأ˵ϵܣеǰçײ
ػתԵᣬǳķҴһӣźؿһľӣ漴ɣһѴܽɽ
ϵܣ򲻿ѽ
ľҪȴ׷˹ȥɲǣĶھȻ顱һرա
ԭأһʱԡľȵĵ붴ķƣȴڡԵ˴󵨣
ɽڵܣȻǸ־ۼֵ˫ȴͻȻͣ
̨ʤ׸Ŀ㵡һﾹҳûңΪ
ЩŪ״˺£˿æ˽գܲͽ޹ɣ

λѻһȴδûѣǱ˴ӻ⣬žȻˣְֱڿƶĬĬغһоֹ죬ֽԴ⡣
̨ʤȻƬ̣ͷһ顣ųһԼӴ漴Ը˾ɽأת·óһ˹ȥ˻δǵǽǰѱյءݶ룬һѽ·
ˣ˼ʧָν
̨ʤأЩʧشеķơ꣬ش˿ڴ롢˷Ըǿƽʱ⣬ҽѲ˸ϵ֡תŽǵΪ⣬㴫š
ţһˬشӦתǵǽ֮ǰˣĴͷ˹ȥ
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ڱɽܵһʮλʿ֮⣬µ˽ԾڱǽʮԶ
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1255 ֮
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ǻ巨죬֮죬˷־

Ǻҹķİ·İԵκҹ㰲

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1257 ʱ
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ҶħȻס˵·˲䣬̨ʤ˱Ƶǰ
ӣһӣܻ׽
æͦ˵ǧľ¡
ߵΣþǰȻ

֮⣬һȥǡԶԶ뿪ҰŻͣ²ͷһƳ
ޱߣԶ볾Ļ㱡貣ȴۡ
ʱҶӦõڤػҲãľҲգĳ޹ءԷԻָθ룿
߶߶ġǹˣҲȤֻϧķվ벻Ѫȵɱ¾
һԻ˿̧ӡ
Ȧʯֳĳɱ档Ǹأ˼ɣֻеѶִ
ȸ֮壬֮ͷͬΪޣȴһǿ֮ѵþһ˴˼ˮݡ
һҡҡͷ漴һ߷Ȧʱ󣬷ȥһ˦ת̧˼
Ȧ˫ͣԼѯʣ»Ϥ֮Թ
ȻѰĵߣǾɡͷΪĶӣȺܵȪġħҰءֵʶ˵һȴҲ˶ǳ鷳ĵڶ֡ǽǸʹŹһ٣Ѿͷ㲻һ·׷ȵȡ
ճʱӦһİɽȪȣԱ˳ӻūֻڵǧĲƵأʵŲ˵Сֻ뽫ʦͻģʦֱϿǰԱؽ顭
ĳҪ飬ֻҪԸҶİ֣
һһⲢ޲סһ·ֱڵ򼲳۶ȥ
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ǻͷ˵ȫȣ
һƾնķ
﷽ԲдСӰûľӳµĴԼĴ̣һȻĺõط
һϵȦһۣ
Ȧ֮Уֻʣ˻ͷǣ;ʿӻءǶһͬ켾ȣһڻؾ˵켾ʵϳǷǲҲ֮ǰɲóȻȥȫ̻գмƽϡ
·һƬƧɽȣ͸ŨյĴ֣ɼɽϵɽмϥӰ
һԴңת֮ɽϡ
ֱʱµӲŻȻɵɫ䣬һʱΪ֮ˣʮͷģǸߴ׳ſ³һѷɽȵߺˡ
һأ۹ӹܡŲԶĶҡҡͷתŽ𵤺ΪӣʵܡųڣȻʧЦǼһﾹȻһ˵ӣǳϣǺǡ
׳ɫһæɽֵĪɳ٣ΪҿΪ£ֵ֪ҵ䡭վλ׳ֱΪΣɵȵʦᣬǿϲɡ
ܵĺ޴룬ֻ۶һ
ͷͷͽͽﶼˣɷˡһ̧ǰЦ漴һ˦ȵ
˲䣬ǰĿյͻȻϥӰеɫ糣ͷȴŴǷ
Ŀɿڴ͵ضеķɽͨڵϣϲʦ


1259 ɣ
£һϯض
֮⣬ܴżֶ
ڻͷȥ֮ûšڷɢĴСǨһͬȫа˼ҡȫ壬ǵʮ໧˼ҵСɽ壬Žǧ˿ڵһկӡ䱾Ϊ峤Ž̻֮
ڴˣܻԻͷҰӣǿдĸӡʦͽΪвֶθǿᲢۣȴ˼Ա֮ʱգȫؽ׳
ͷһе־ĵӡͷûɷֻ֣֮һʱ⡣Σ˼һںŪˣ벻Ľȣĳ˶в硣ʧȥԣհǰ˵ĳɡ
һ´Цɡϲֱĺӡ
ǰһ࣬ڷżž̳ӡջµģТʦ⡣һֱڴ˴ŻͷţĻͷʦлתһա
ɳʦ
ܼһ̬ºͣҲָŲԶյɽɫɻ
ͷؽ뾲ѽЪϢ㰲ıǡ
һ۹һԣ̧һץһ̳Ʒ֮Ŀ𣬰׹һڡư죬ͷɽҰƣζᣬپңҲá
Цˣ˵ɳ֮ˡ
һ¾̳ӣһ̣ҡͷ˵Ⱦѣ̸֡
ߣ޷ͼˬ죬Ծߺ飬ݶơʫƣȥһ飻ɵįԶǧľ仰֪ζʶȤȴһƵˡƷ£Ʒζġ
һֵһЩ֮ôһóһöӶܡвзҩʯɾйЩһĸ˵ûôܿȴ
˫ֽӹӣϲͷʦΪ˴ֶμ򵥣ܵϸ¡ıްѵ֮·ʱƽ̹ҳࡣҪлȴεƱƵˡ
һԵľ̳ӻӶ£ȻʾĳڴˣؽķȲٻÿ֮ڡȥɡ
λɳλˣٻͷʦҪġܲҿͷŵ֮ȴ㶪µӡһ˴ɽȣҲɣʧֵ
£һԳƬ̣ˮס¿̳ӣ۽̧
Ӱ涣쵣ɽҰˬ˼䣬ʹľȻ
һһ֣΢΢ҡͷ
˴ݣȴԳá˷ģؽǵλʦǵѣĿԴڴ֮ǰͷƿǵ鲻á
һ΢΢˼ӰһΪԭؿأ䱾ȻǱ
ȫȥǧǿȡ
ڿȵµĶѨУһֳӰ
ѨɵķԲԿĺۼǶзľʯӨӨ֮£ɫ֡ʯ̨һߡߴϸЩ졣
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ֵ˵˴ΪʱչصڣʯռΪѨȵȡ
ǸɽڵʯԼѱٻ
һ۹ڶһɽͣתһʯȥУɫꡣ
ʯҵĶϣлͷϵõĸ֣žޡ
һĸעãĬĬҡҡͷ߳ʯң֪˶Ѩĵ䡣̧һƣƮһߵʯ̨ϥ漴ִǰ
ȸѰСӣضϵö򡣴˻ͷͬʮʯڱչ֮ǰһԶ˹һǰߣʯȴһûҪֵҲһԷˡ
һӣ鿴
νѰ֮רƶɣǶĽƼΪǿ󡣴ﲻʤڷáԵ֮ʣһıͷūźá
һضϵѳϣҺˡ
ͷϲɨնƵĿ쵶ԼҵֵܼȻϴֶΣҪӲپҵһء
ĳ˵֮Ǽ򵥣֮Ϊһ⡭
һһЦȴδǽҸһԣһö
һƪȱķԻתޡƣһֻУתǧؼ裻žŹһȶ٣֮ޡ
һĬĬ˼
ʯҶϵġž족ӦðָµġתޡǺ⣿
伮ƣص徲ұ档Ψӹͬ壬֮Ϊֻء֮˵Խʯľ˼̬ۣΪ
žŹһȶ٣֮ޡΪޣΪ֮⡣仰˼Ī˵Ҫͨ뻯תٽ٣ɶɶ졭
һڵĹ£ɵ΢΢ҡͷѲ켫£Ҫͷȥһ쳾ĥѣȴҪ𡶾תޡö
һöΪͷǼһ￴ƻһȴϸȻţͬʶڵΣԼ;ϸһλΪĪߣȵȾӡС벻ֵżħ޳
ʶڵʯڵ̨ʯ񣬵ӡ֤˴ǰĲ²⡣Ϊǻڡ
һµ򣬲ɵɫһŽἰֻŹɣǣԼͷϡ
ӡģһӵһӢ۸ķԣһ
ɲ֮䣬һ˼صǧǰǸСɽ塣
һ꣬ȥáյһƻ裬ŴֺЦȥ˵㻹ҵĴ磡
һգָ˺ƽҵϱҪ䣬ȴʹȥ
һɽɽϴҴҸȡһƱڶ룬ʹĸƽƽеӤ͵ǰ˵Ϊԡ
Եһ̣ǡɽ֮ϵ츣ȥԶ⣡䣬棬ֻһֻء㡭
һֽƽ£е
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ԣĳʵķתһԹӣ谵ǸСʿ¬ȻԪ۵ĹֻһС
˵ּԪۣҲ桢Ҳ档ʵ󼺡֮νɷİ·е
һĬĬʧ֮ǷһĨɬ
һֻأѹԲĳ׷Ѱŵ£ֺγһءɷİ·ǲɣĪܻҿǡ


1260 ʢ
º
һӰ֮ࡣ䷢б壬ҷ磬⵭Զ΢̣̬ΪСΪ֮ʣʳеҰٲȻһ;οģ
˷صǰɽϣȴҰӱ̧֣ƾճһɫĳҫۣ΢΢һЦ
Ǻǣʱһ£ĳʹãв֪Ƿ⡭
ʱ˵أԳĳߣֻһڵڤ˼һ£ڡתޡãֵ֮Ϣһ£ȹ˶СɵΪűʩչĻһ⣬۶ϵһʮڻһ壬ȥߴݼƳһԹ߳߳
ⲻҪУһ
ǺһݳջطתѰɽе˴Сһѣ˶顣
߳ߣһҪ߳ͷ䱳ˣ뵱ǰѡΪơвǶж󷨣ɷ׻֮ƵϼƷĴڡ⣬ϻ֣
һֳֳһת˻˸Ҫ鿴ɫһ漴Զ
Ƭ̣һӰֿӿնһλִߣ뷢Ұף̬ׯϡɢƣָĪ⣬˲
һˡɫȻ
ʮɽϣ߻ءһܲҾֹݣɵ˫Ŀһַ˵һʻ֮ʣӸµƻȻɡһ˲䣬ټȫȻĪ֮С
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΢΢üƲԷ񡣶꣬ϵƣ˵ͷ˵ѹͷоȲǺǡ仰һתֵܾȵöǣ˿ڷķߣǵ֮
˱Ƕڵĸ֣Ȼ֮ǵ놪¡ֵĳ⣬ĳź÷ʮɵ
һչ˫䣬ʩʩȻ˵ʵմ֪ǰѰĳкμ̡
Ȼ黺ͣȴδأַ룬İȻ˵ϷϿ˶ǵĴʦ֡
ŶһȻ״ȴɫ糣ȫ漴˫һ˦󣬲۷˵򶷽֮ʣʹλֵܲشŲò̺㼸գԱЪϢˡвף˼ȥ
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ԣһ΢㵡֪ͷĴµĴᵽǶˡǶԷǰӶˣڵվסš˭Լҵ˼ԷһۿƣȴΪ裬ǽ⡣
ϿԹ˵Ϸ֪Ƕֵ붷ǵ·𣬾˾ָʮ֮ȬΪˣϷѷԸ˽һ٣ֵλµĶ֮С°빦
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ϿŲԶ˵ɽһۣתһԷ̩Ȼȴ̬ĪŲϷ򡭡
ҡҡһҡͷ̹ϵֵΪˣĽأʵ㣬Ҫ黳
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Ͽַ룬ɫԲ졣
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ʮ֮⣬ϿͣԷɷǳȣδšε˵ʦɻʡħ۵ʾ˾ת֮ɴ˿Ϊ֮áҵȲĿʢδ֪ҲƽʰֵҶܻ񶷽˵⡭ھת֮
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һˡϿҪŪת֮ȴ޴֪֮УԱ򡣶Ǽ٣»ö֪
Ӱ߲ϿɫűĪ⡣Ƭ̣ͻȻһת˵Ҷǰʾá
һü΢΢ʶȴһԡ
Ͽ´һŵ˵㵹ǳסɿ֣һڣ˵Ҷ֪ư¶ǰԭίһйƵϡΨϷ򲻿ϰݣʢ
һ˴ΪȻƲƲǡҶˣνΪƸΪꡣ˼ⰲˣ֪ڱЩʲôá
ʮʷꡮ顯ٽ֮ʣĸħǶʢپһԵϿĻ˵ڴ֮ǰϷؽʦµľת֮ԱʱʩչУȴ˵㵽Ϊֹʵޡ
ҶȻթǵĴħͷ˾޷ҪǧĵַѣŴŻҲ۾кԭһΣתٴβŪ˵С
ˣ˵ŪϿıΪˣûж⡣
ħǣʢ
һоһٹ֡ɢȥϵķһöЦʾȻѳҲӡĳ΢ĩ⡭仰δ䣬ȥһ߹â
ϿȻ⣬ֽӹ򡣶꣬ȻĿʧ˼ʦġתޡ
֮УµƪȱĹһȻӡûԭ
Ͽŵضе򣬽סԭת˼Ȧӡԭһȶϵߣ˷ҡҪ֪Լ䲻ͻķ֮ʧ٣ʹλմڶ˽ãȻ޴룬һûκΡͻȻеġתޡھúľϲвȱȴǳʼĹΪ֮ס
ǺǣϿȷϹ󣬽סЦ˫һ٣п˵ֵѣǾҵʦʦãַɼԸ߽Ϊ̹֣һ񣬽˵أлϵܣΪַ켾ȣΡ
ǰ󲻹˫ɽ䱸֣̽⣬ദ䲻գȴԤ֮СµĹûа׷ѡһֵѣճϵܡ
һ˿


1261 طԲ
ɽ֮䣬һͻأֱ񷡣ͨƣۻߴ󣬶ͱֹ
߷İɽѿһ޴Ļڣҳǰչɣͬƽ̹дһյʯţĸĴ֣֮档
ʯǰɽƺ࣬ۼϰٵӰŮ٣Ϊĸ֣һƱˡжһλߣҲЦ
ʱ˽̧ͷ
ĵӰԶת֮˿ɽƺ֮ϡ
Ϊ׵߳ƮƮЦݡ
ˣ˴˵ò£է֮ٲȻֵܣϸƣ˵ָвͬһ˸ͷ԰ǺЦһ룬ۺɣһ˴ִ׳ŭ⣬ǰȣλɫԲѣδģ
ö룬ǱϿһֵˡ
һӵ½ӳչеĻͷԼӷ˵ŶԷ켾ȡ˻⣬Ͽһϴϴ󣬸ɡֵֻ˳ӣȴɻ󲻶
ɲǣɽƺϵ빪
Ͽ˰֣ЦǺǣ˴켾ȵ塭ֳǰߵͷʾ£˵λĽǰʦܡλĵĹͣһϵܡ
ϰλĸ֣Ǻộ֮ǿǳ󡣶ɴ˿ɼǧħǸǲС
һ۹ӹܣݡ
ͷǽҲҡϴţһڱüˣ
һǰ˵ĳǰ𣬼λѣ
ûӦɽƺȺȻҲɫ
һΣֻ÷˫֡ͷµĻʵСǰ˵ҪϿ쵭һЦ
ͷڱչ֮ǿްҪƴãȴΪʱԶ켾ȣϴһšȻ˸ڿ硣˭϶Էֵʱ˫ۡˣߡ
ϿԴϣΪȻҡҡͷת⶯Ӧǰд
Ƭ֮󣬽ǰ΢΢ȻϿ۹ʾ⣬ǿ϶顣ͷһȴɫأ˳롣ȻʦԸһ档仰һ٣ǰͱ˵ֵصĹزɷϣҪϷһغϡ
ǰԵְ𣬱ǿɽҪѣȴһءʦְǰһغΪޡ˵֡˾ٿƹʣʵڱл͡Ҫ֪붴ڸǸߵͲͬؾ磬ǿ֣֮֮νһغϣҪ
ϿǰԷѣδȰ裬ǳһ˫һ̯εط˵ǰѾãҲԽ֮١ϵܼһ˵ţǸһЦ۹׽͸
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Σͷ̲סɧһһͣδڶĸַҲǣֵĵʱ򣬱˴ѻԹ˶棬һһɫѿ
һֹ̧סˣں˵˼ҸǽݣֵܲʶôǾʹתȥֻûҵȵ֮ء
ǻлͷסֵ۵Сۣȴڴϴ˼ҪִܣԷǶڵĸˣǶְ
Ͽһδؾ⡣ͷʦܣɫζ
ǰЩŵʵһǷӦ
ĳӦˣ
һϣǸɴࡣԷ룬ִһ˦ָ̧˵ĳӦغϡ
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һغϣÿ˸ʩչһʽͨһ١غϣڶڵĸǰн֮
ǰɫһ
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һֵ
꣬ͷһ֣뵱ȻشϴڹŪ飬̫֪ˣ뵱갡һתעǰĶ
һĻû˵꣬üһֵڴ֮ǰҵλֵǰ𲻿ϣʹգ˫һС
˱ˣȴýţҪڳΪһȻˣкηһСڳ˸ռٲϣȫ޳⡣ڴ֮ǰҪһ̽ʵ
ϿûϵһӦ֮죬һʱЩͷǿֻһغ϶δӦҪغϣˣĪҪΪǣ
ǰû룬м߳һˣĹء
йأзԲȻͶˡһſڻһ䡣ת֮ʣ΢̣ɫűϿ˶ڣܲǿɡ
Լҵǰû˸˷
ǰԲҪŭϿæֹϵл˵
һߣȴδŲǺЦ˵ĳȻĵĴ֮в֪Ͽкָ̣
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ǰԻ⣬ȴ̲סƺ˵գԺ١һÿȥ·ȴɱ
һǲǰӣع˫֣ЦϿ𣡻ͷǰ·
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ϿͷһϵʦʦõľˣΪȡ仰ˣȴǴͷȥת֮䣬ǰһͬ˸ߴʯǰ˫˫תɫĪ⡣ʮ⣬Ȼ
һ̧ͷǡ֮桱ĸ֣漴˫ŷرǰȥֵಽȻ塣ϢĹֵ˵˴ʮ֮⡣
ڴʱ֮ʯǰͻȻ𣬽дڳݺݵ˹
ͷʮɳԣɱ
ͻ״ڳˣԼϿǰλ𣬾Ȼ޶ԣֻſֵӦ䡣
һҲû뵽ǰ⣬ס΢΢һҪֻסֵܣȴѪһ
Ҳһ̽ȥͨ裬˵Σ˷
˲䣬ͷ˵ɿ⡣
ͷȻδȴǸ߬ȭͷֵĪ˵ڴĿ֮¡
ɲǣһüӡٿȻ֮һɫĹâգ֮䣬ǽ۽𷢶պգԵƻȻɡͷѽߣ۹Ȼ߳󵨡
һ߳ǣ̺֮ơͷԵȻһ٣оȻ͸ۿɼľηϲ漴˫˫תвӰ
һƶ֮ԭģΪȻ°һ̧ٲǰĻͷŴ󲽣˰ӡ
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ǰŵصɴ˫ۣæԵʦ֡Ͽַ룬ͷ


1262 
ʯſһ˽
˵ǴʵһɵɽɵĵطտյʯŴڷżӵĹ̨ĲֻһʮɵʯڣԼǳԼ޵ĵ棬Īء
⣬ǰһߵʯǶУһȻɭȻ֮𡭡
ϿǰԳʯǷתƹʯڼǰһŻͷС˴һͨǰȻʡ
һɿĶѨʯ֧ķʮɸߵ񷶥֮ϣ˸緱ǵ㣬кĹâյͨ
Ѩĵ룬ͻһʯ̨ߣʮɴСƽ̹羵ȴڵܰڷžŸʯ͵ţһִʯֱ嶴Ѩ񷶥ʯ̨ţԼʯΪͣɢĪǿƣ
ڶѨܣʮ䶴ڣΪƸβעĿģĸߴʯֱΪࡢסڡɫʯƣ޸޲ƻۡеʯ·˱ĿǳɵϢеĶǡ⣬ǾеĻʯ̨ܵĸʯңӦŽٽǿ
Ͽǰ˻ʯ̨Աߣͣ½Ų˴˼һۣתֵˡ
ͷǹʵΣǰκ£ֻܽԼҵϴ
һȴͷ̤ĵĽأе档˵ѴֵͼϤʵصĸܻǲ̫һ
Ͽһ߽˵ʵĵԴϹޡǰʦܣ׻һʶ뻢ͷȻôأ˭˵ֲԵء
ֵڼֹ֮ʯɢһ۹ӹܣ΢΢ףڳһļơ
ϹţԶŵҪԶἰԵ֣Ǽ̵˼
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֮ǰİв¼ͬϿ̸ֹ͸ѵõСĹעмӣֶһøǰĸı䣬˽ģȴ벻һԵʡ˴һͬԴһˡ
ǰԼʦ˵غһ
һ۹̨ϵľŸͣתЦ˵ĳͻ֮δȥΪλֵܵçײ֮ٵ棬Ͽĸ˷緶ʵ塭˫һչִֹһ
Ȼ̨ף˳ƻڡʱƣΪ
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ǰȴǲ飬ߵߣҽǰԵһءʦֵİнǲôءԷʩɫԺĹغڣ
һûӦֻĪһЦͷȴΣ̲ѡ
ĳܴùһڵĸˣֺαģ
ǸǰƫִΪ˵ҲֱʦֱϿڴˣȣܲ˵ʹɣƳһĳȫ߲֮źá
һٴν۹̨ϵ֮ϣ˼
ӻͷӡοʷоţȴµĺڣĪѱʱȡԼʱضΪȥ˺η֪ˣʵ˼һתΪԼһΪ𣬻һΪķĦһõ桭
Ͽ˵ĸʯλڡķͼڵ棬ֱΪ֮ȸڤ֮䣬˫֮׻ݺ˼֮ʦΪͽɶֻ֤ϧǰԶ˲ʦܡʦΪޣԸ֮£ʦתޡɡһ͵סͷת̧ʾ˴ǱѰʵ˱չ˵ľ֮λֵĪҪ⣬Ѱλ
˭ʵĶбչһѵõĻԵΪǣҲйءˣҾ䡣
һԵֵܣĬĬ˵ͷ
ͷڳɣ漴˵תʯ˽ǰͨ£̧ϴɣ˵̤ʵٲ룬˫˫ĿϢʮ⣬붨
ͬʱϿǰԣԼһעķĶ
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Թ۵Ψ⣬æʯ̨ȴԾ治ѡ
ټĶѨ֮Уɫâ˸ͣ
ǰѱ漴ֱڹ֮¡ȻһæʧʱرĿᡣ
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֮ϣаءǱˡ
ȻʦԶȥ졭
Ŀ״ϿǰԲȻ
ʦֵܵĲԶһͬ˫ѡԼʲ䲻Զ߾֮⡣Ŀƹ޼ʣһˡڴ֮ϣиΪأ
Ƭ̨̣ʯϵĹâȥգ֮䣬ǿ֮ʧͬǹ⻪գȴ̴档·ˣɲͣȻҡ
˾ʹĵһʦֵ¸졣
ϿȻʧ䡣
ǰȲתһҵʦܡʦãλֵµĹ˼ʦĹ򣬻ڴ˱չˡ֮仹δ㣬뿪˴
һ˼ѣȻعɵһƲΪεЦЦ
ǰύģȫȥµĵȺ֮£и˵šһܻӭ˳µ켾֮Сۿջ˭ֲۺҪһ˳Ĳס
һ£˵ǰĳԶҪЪϢհɡ
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Ͽδǰſ߳ߣСӡ
һԱȥžеĻͷһۣȻһŤͷбŽǰԣ˵ĳΪӣȴŵؼˣұ㵽ף۹һֵֵ˶⣬ĳؽٱ֮¶ԷҪЮֻܽݻ˵ǰͷ
ǰɫһҪ
״ϿûǰһЦ֡


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ϿȰ˵ǰԸһµޡŽǰԵĻ˵ǸеĵطҲύһˡһǳ棬ʱԼ
һǿ㣬ɱϿİá
˴ΪԹȡ
ͱ֮ϣһ䶴ǰһĬȻĶԭãѱɨɾĳ˵֮˵ǵԼʵء֪ͣԷԴھأǱ⡣
ɴ˾Ӹ߸һƬ޴ɽȾ۵סԶ͵֣ķԲԡɽˬʹĿ
ʱһɽȣ续羰ȴЩĲɡ
һ֮ڣٹʮ꣬ĳҲǸǰԵĶְһܣȻв䵽ĵزȴؽ˱ϢʱĪ˵Ľύֻ´˴֮ء
ڳŵֻغϣϸϸá
һĬĬ˼Բߣ꣬ķҡҡͷ
붴ڵĸֲֶɣջΪԼͨĽ¶ãʱȫԸҲˡȻܣкηǾ仰˲
һɽ紵һҷ̧ԶɫԶ֮⣬ȻƱá
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Ҷˣֱһ׼֮ͽڤһ£ħġǧͬˮ˾ºĿֲͼ
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һԶջ۹⣬һ̳ӡ
֪ʮꡣշתͣæµһաǣңȻû䡭
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ʵһĵϡһʮأ߳ػһչ󳹴ͬĶ֪ͬ塣ȻڤһǽšǷкηء
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ʵķ񣬲˽ļįĵ£Ϊһ䲻ףɽУþоţҲͬ
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һԴһ㣬عѭ̧һƣֻϿѵ֮⡣źۼ򣬺ѵϿ𡭡֣ǺЦ
Ͽ⣬˫չһԶ͵ض
һűϿĬĬһۣԭء˳ץסԵľ̳ӣ̲סѡ
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ǳ׼һġһŷ˵ַ֮һ䣬֮ٴ
Ͽ΢΢˵ͷ۹еľ̳ϣҲ޵ҰھƣþơһĿ̳һֵ߳뵱꣬ʻ۵֮䲻д˵໥ɻܵɡΣû֪ǧΪ˴ңʵ顭
һɫ̳ƣЦԸꡭ


1264 
Զ޿ɷ棡
һ̳ƣڳһϴļơ˭ϽҪͷȴһ޿ɷ档
Ͽһգĳ˸֣֮ٶ˵ǵ˾̳ӡδƣſʮҰھգۼ˵ס˿̳ӣץһ編ƣΪ졣̳Ӿƽ˶ӣ΢΢˸ãŷ볤üͷһЦǺǣʹ졭
㵹ʹ죬ĳȴϲ졢²ŵأʵơ¹صĵۿλϿȴʹ˴סտڲᡣǣУ
һʱûƵ£Խеľ̳˹ȥŽ̧֣ɫ΢䡣
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˴һɣνߡϿʩ֮ʣϾӦ䡣ǹſѰȴˣɭȻĪ⡭
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һһ֣ɫЩӲʹֶΣɱһڵľӡ붴ڵĸֽûСߵǿ֣֮Ტۡ
Ͽζ˵˶ڲ޳ɵĽ֮Ӧԡ䲻̳ʾ£ʣҺǺ棬ʲôǰԽغϣ
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ǧʥаħһȱħ硣츣ںˡڵ˵Ŀе֪ؽڶڵǰˡϿ˵ߵǴ̫֮ķ֮ΪǰͬΪڵĸˣյӮ֪
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һ΢΢㵣漴ȻϿмӣԼԵ֮ˡͷޣȽǰøΪͳԼֵ˼ģν˳¡׳ֵ֮ɰŶ׷Ѱʵ㼣
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ⷬ˼һʵʵġܷΪ֮ܣȴĪ⡣Ҫܾǲ֪ߵغ
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һûֻڴűϿĻԼǰͬԷģȾε˵˴Ҽҡ
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һģɵ˵ͬ˲ͬ欣ǵ䳾࣬޷ɺϰˣ˴־ͬϣԵڣֺαִνԨԴ
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һԭأЦݵɫζ꣬վߵ±ߡ
ԹȣɫãĿԶһ뵶־ŵڣҲؼڣȥԼ
һűϿȥķһֻۣ򲻱һڻؾŲò˵Ҫ֪ĳΪƣǰԺ󣬾ˡû˼˫棬һоڲС
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⣬ǸǰִҪ۸һСصΣ޷ǰʦˡӲʩĪڴˡһӣԼֵ˽ɼҪ˴˶ԵȽύ벻ȭͷ˵Ҳıɫ
νĽ֮鷳ǱϿļʱѣʱҪԸͷȣԱ⡣ָýӦء
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ΪƾŲŽõĶΪԼħӡʽͨٿǰȫˡȻܣǼغϵĳŵԷʩչ˽ֻ֮Լֻ֣ڲ
һԭɫǡƬ֮͵ͣ£üʶ


1265 ó
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ңԶ֮ǿգþֹȴͷ׶ұĪ⡣
Թȣɫ򡣶һǿʶͻķʹտɽҰ˼ء
Թܵɽϣۼٸĵĸ֡ԭǽǰѵһĺӡ
ɽȱշͱ֮ϣлɫӰڶǰﻹСɵĺ«ʱʱСһվơе̬ľֹСɽ͸Ųɢ⡣ǼĿ޹أֻڴ˼䣬ȴ⡣
һ۹ӹܡ
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һ۹ϡССĺ«ɢŰڷƵɫ͸µĲɣָӼ䣬ʦµϽ«һǧꡣȺ󾭹ԼԼŵֳĹȵİٲ˵ơвһΪǬ˵һ׵ıԼֻװƣٴĶ
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һС󣬻һѳ
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С˵ķʱģȻӣغϣϷֱʰ㣡
ǰԲ㲻˫һ͵غ˦䣬һǿķХȥ֮˲䣬⻪Ȼը֮Уͻ䡣
ǵµĽͣȴȻʧһ޵Ĺâƾ֣ʱѽǧ֮ھ֣ʱðһӰ伣һӲ磬еĽҲƲ١伱æ˳˿顣ܲ޶ȻûáӡȴΪʱȻĹˣ֪롭


1266 ر仯

һ๦ϡغϣòš
ǰԳסһЦƻӱһȭһǿķٿȻǰĹâֱһȥȻܣվӷҽСܻ׽ˣɰڲ
ʱ᧿ΣһĪԡ͸âԶһУȴ׹׶ֹѡεķķĪĽƻȻԳɡ䣬졣ޣɼ
ǽ֮
͵Ϯδƣ֮Уȴû뵽ǰԵĶ֮죬ʹ˲Ӧ޴мܡǰϿѣûԶšνĽ֮ʵǿ
ҿҶͻȻӣ
ãͨΪԴУմʱѵĳ
֮䣬һȭƵǰٿȻ쵻ӰӭһĶܣȴһŽ֮ǿһ¶ɬεЦݡ˲䣬֫ѱҲá

ǰԽסٴηЦԱСӣûжڵΪý֮Ŀ£վǱذɡҸϷ򶷣֪ν
âеһȻ½ȴǲ޵ģǰԵЦʹ죬ԡ
ǰԻһǧڵĹâ˲ɢȥſ֣ҪһץȥȴȻףȻŭ͵Ϯ
ڴʱͻȻһڵĻ⣬ɭȻɱ֮Хֱ¡
һʮɵľ޸һѪӰȻ
ǰԹ˲һתӦ䡣Ѫ̫죬ɵҪʩչ֮赲ɱȻ֮⡣˫һ񣬴ǻŭȭΪԼҵĵ̣СԹۣ͵Ϯȴÿÿֲʵ߳ŭ
䡢䡪
ȭۻķȥ˲ϮѪײһʱضɽҡŰɱȻըϯķֻȭӰڣѪ󸫶Ȼ֮ӰɣֱſվΣȴԳֶҡҡ׹ǿţɷɫа
ǰԭΣħ޷Сӡæ󣬰һȻڰաǰߵòһģһ֮ͬ⣬һžƺ«һûС
ǡڴʱҵغѰաȿȡ
ǰȻת
һħ޷ûɢܣȴǶģû˵ѴǿЦǺǣáȿȡ
˽һǿڳƳãǶԷ˵˼ޣڶСڳϷδ棿
ǰ뷢͵߳ߣٽĿŵһʱŲһ̡͵ˣϷ㡭仰δ䣬ɤͬʱ𡪡
ǰԶţ
û˽֮ĳ㲻ɡ
ǰһɣ
һıͬʱ˵ǰȻʧţȻĻȴֱָҪ޴ԣ˺ǿѣֱǳƣ
ǰؿڣٲһıֻ˳ħ޷ŭϷý֮ͬʰ㡭
һıûпȴ˵ȿȡĳһС
ߣһӡǰԺһ˫۽ַӶ¶ʱֳһɫâгתĹâٿȻһۣǺǵɱɭȻҪȴȻŤͷȥȻʧһ߷ҵˡ
Сһ壬ʦֱϿнӣΪ䶯֣⡣˭ȻʩչͬķһԣֻΪʱ䱾𶼷һ֮УǲΪ塣һٶûꡭ
һǧ֮⣬ƾðһһ
֮ʣ˫ֻӶϷ˲һϺڵĹâգ֮ɼɣʮɣٲħճĪ⡣˲䣬͵سŽǰ̧һ㣬ȵѪɷΪħ֮ԩꡣ
֮ͬʱը죬Ѫšʱɵ̰ڣһкХʤ׻𣬼ƿնֻɱƵŭ

ڴʱһֱһͻȻʧȥӰ֮ɽ֡ҡͷβ˲䣬ͣշתŲ͵ǰԡħ޷ƻӱۼӣһѪ󸫺ճ
ǰɫá
һѣȴƱҪʩչֶΡһνһֳ˿ջ
ħ޾֮壬ͨˣСӿǿУԼʦ֮⣬û˭Ը
ǰ׺ݺöҲƲסһʱֳһģһӰ
֮֮
һϷ겻˶֣ˡ
֮䣬ڵİɽͻȻӰ٣һħ޷ͬʧĴǺȻķѪڣɱ׻ļ
ǰԸգתǰ
СӦһȴһʱѱڡޱ޼ʵ׻һݡ֮ƺǧǽ˲С
ǰԲмܣ̧ǰһָһֱƵĹâٿȻǣŶڵƺХȥ֮ͬʱһ߷ϮѪȭͻһ߷ͬӭǰʲŻһȴһر仯֮죬Щֲ

̶ĺ֮УѪ󸫱ǰԵķȻһȻûռʲôˡ䱾һǣȴѱǧֱǰŭϮڱ׻ѳ֮ơ˫ײɽХǧ
ԹȵķڹɾѲֻеɴ˫𾪡ǰǿԲ˵ȴֶηҿսˡͨΪ
Ͽź벻֣ͬⲻѡ
һսƵöӦ䡣ʾĿȻ͵ϮȻȴȫˡǰ󲻹˲䣬غϡԼȻʤ
ǽǰԾþսҲۻң
Ѫ󸫣ħͨɡνġǺη
ڴǧһ֮ʣǸһȻӦĺСմȥǰҪʤѣȴҪΥغϵŵԡһڵСѣ˵׺թҲηǿ֣ʱƶоݣֲֵܸ׷棬һλ
ԹȣȻûһƬκ֮С
׻ע졣ǧȴȻѽܸɨһա
ǰԵƲˣû߷ǰȥ
ǡڴʱڵɽȻһѵ׻ʱȻ޴档ԶƮһӰԼȡȴǹȺۣΣ
ǰԿ󷢣ȥƲͣЦһĪģսһءʱûŭ⣬Ƕ־Цδ䣬Էȴǳ̧һ㡣
֮ɲǣػȻһ䡣ڡסࡢɫŨƾնķӿ絹ĪƣǴ޼᲻ߡ׻ƲɵȸĲп飬ĿԱŰԻһХֻ𡭡
ǰֻ¶ɵȥһȻǡ


1267 ǿΪ
һüӡҷڵȻķ˫ֻ裬Ƶȵ̣ϻ磻ţ𣡿Ҷʽͨ𡪡
һ̣ʧɫǧ֮ʱһƬڰ֮УٲǬߵ٣Űһʱ㷱ǣ˲ѱҹɫû֮ģֻɱ
˾ʹýǰ΢΢һ޾֮УֱǷ϶⡣
δҹɫͷ
ǰһ飬˫ץΪתӳ֡ʧķǣִŨīҹɫһһֳ漴תǾ۶һͷ˫ľ޴ӰΪצ쳣ת׺ƺݺݳǰֻҪ˺Ѱաأ
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һĿĹ⻪Ȼը춯صĺǡ
էйҹʾһʧɽȣٴγֳ㷱֮ȻͲɵ
һѳֲס͵ص˳ȥһƬҶתΪǱֱǧ֮ȥƴƮȻֹɫԲ԰ף²޴󰭡üĵӡƻȻʣ
ǰͬʮɣվΣס̧ͷɫȻ
һǰ͵ϮУֻжСɵһĺϣҲйоءʽͨȶСɡڴɸֵĺȻһö룬ȻǰˣֻԼҵΪҪǿһͷⲻݡСӡ
ǰ˫ȭһð׹⣬ս£ﻹ֮ǰԼȻ֣ηʹ죡
ǧ֮⣬һȻաǰԾݣȻ壬˫üбɫķ˶ڣһսĳȻǹƥ˭°һ̧ȻֵĳȵöǵĲ𱨣ҪЮľɥɴ桭
ⷬټ֮ǰķ죬ԹԼķȻɱŨϢ
Χ۵ڶֻûʲŵĴսлع˵һе⡣
ֵĽʵĶǡǺǧϲ⣬еĶȻǵĶǡɢȥս˫ǲ¡ǰǸҲսҿ֡
һǹĳȴĳϿΨ⣬ͻȻ
֮ͬʱǰɫΣŭЮͼǾӣηսϷ㵥
ԼֻӣǽǰϿǰԲʦֳȣ׺ƶҳǿʤһ˶ֱҰԴ󷢶޼ɵǺ㱻壬ְءѵôﻹܵࡣ˵ˣǴʤ磡ڶСڿء
һӲηȴǳޱ޼ʵǿ̧һƳں߳ĳǾӣСˣĵǳϡȻҪս

һû˵꣬ϿѴԶ볡вס˽ǰԵȥ·״ʱȴǰ˿Լͷи£ٻиˣǸǰȻ֮ãȴǸֻȭͷϼһҪսû˷㡣б¾׷ĳһߣ
ǰԼʦֳ裬ֻƣȴֺܲԸرʦ֡
ϿԹȵĵ룬ŵ˫иŽǰ԰һۣɫ޲⣬漴һӣ߳Ѱգض˵תԶֵԼϵܻʤв֮롭
ܵɽϣٸǸһӦֻжСɵΪȴսԲĸҲ·硣ǰôˣ
һɫЩ԰ףɵð˼¡ϿǰԣƳɽȵܣֽϽ«׹һڣŵݵسȻĪἰͽһ£ĳ޾
Ͽһ漴Цǰðϵܲؽ黳κϧл²졭һ٣ֵϵܣ뻢ͷðκ˵¡ֵܣȴԨԴҲϡ
һΪ֮塣ͷ磬˾İ׻ޡۼݣֵܻĿˡһʵһомʵķΪԨԴ֮˵ƾ޾ݣ
һûнӻֻġ
Ͽ˵ֻͷ쾳ı֮𡣶ϵܵλȻʦֱֵܲ˴ˡǿ䣬ߣֻоڴˣ˴Ǿ˫ֹһֵ˳ڣϵĪҪƴǣ
һֳֺ«ɫɡϿԼǼ٣շ뻢ͷ桭
ϿԹ˵ʮǰҰҲЯͬУʱģⲻҪϵ֮
ĳ֮ǿ׻ϰٶ֣Ժа˷һǺЦ«ֻһ񣬲ʧʱ˵ɵ̧֪ܲôֻǡ
Ͽ۹һʾ⣬ƵĽǰǰȥķȻݼʱ
֮˲䣬Զɽϻҡƺϵġƺġƺǰģһ㡣޶ΪҰѱҲС֮νĳƺ޷һ־ˡ˻ǶһмӡǿΪ𣬹ˣ
һûܵĶֻܳǽٽλ˼˵ͷϷģֵܶԱǿ󣡡
ת֮䣬ֵǧ֮Զ˰Զ⡣
ϿԸɣֹסƣЦǺǣϵǿ󡭡
ǰϣͱʣһʵ˵˭˭Ӯ
һϿͷʾ⣬תŽǰһЦ̹ϵػصֻʤɣ
˭ֵܡǰһɣһ漴ƺʶȤս棬ٲ飬漴һӣԶȥΧ۵˸̴ظ
սգԹȻҡʣµһһնԣȴɫĪ
Ͽַ룬ζشһ꣬ЩĸпЦǺǣԶСɵΪȻڽǰԵȫˡʦֻ꣬Ҳûϵı¡ϰģյĳɾͲ
ֹˣһſڴϱϿָ̧ķʾӴԹȱĳĶڣ
ϿͷӦȻȡ
һݷ˵ֵ˱ãҪչʮ꣬͡üһȻһ˦󣬾Ƕ±ϿԱǧͱڶ
ϿԭɫΡƬ֮һıӰҡҡͷַ룬תĬĬȥ
ת֮䣬һȻͱڵĶǰһ붴ڣַסĶڣͨڵϣסڴ˴


1268 Ȫ
ʹֶΣǿȫˡ
⻹Ҫڽǰýֵ֮һˣȻȥ
ƾеΪҪȥսʤһԲĸˣڳ˵Ρħ޵ķȺⴴ޴ȴ꼰ټϽʩġǿƬ̣Ҫԭα¶ʱһнǰòӶݶȥ
áǰԵĽջ
һУһĳʵΪ֮вԼҵǳһսӶԡ벻֧ţӲӲʱռϷ磻ħӡȻǷӡһǲսʤԲĸˡʽͨʽɱУͬ뾳Ϊศɡ
ɴ˿ΨжڴɵΪټħӡӡһǰǿսƽ֡ҪȡʤԲΪħӡİӡһȱһɡʮ꣬ؽȫԸϿ˵ħ֮Уô
һսᵽ˶˵ǿħǵҶԼǧĵľӦǰԲ¡ǿн֣˵Զ֪֪ˣ˽յᣬȴһʱæ޴룡
ҲܱϿкƣǽ¼ɣǿΪվס˽ŸնԸǧħǣвܵСƼ˳˵ʹ˶һǿԮ
йؼһ˽֮ǿԵŪеΣ˵ĽΪ
ԹжĲǽǰԣҶǾĳ˵³֪˫ԹѽᣬȻǲݡݾĻƾ裬յһлԼȥ˽ᡣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻΪһ;Ѱ䣬Ͼ˼
֮УһϥüģĬĬһ˼ѣֱ֮󣬲ųһ˫ַɣתۼѽԶĶּѵơóһȭͷСӯӯѪ顣
ѪɷѪɷɵֵľѪƶɣȻȴʧΪ֮̷ȥӦÿһΪ¼ɣҪͻ쾳磬˼ְա
ȲѣѪɷΪã
һѪɷ漴˲˺һ㾧ʯ
תŨˮ̫֮ӿʮɴСĶ֮ڣʱڣ
һٵ飬ԷĶáһ߷ɣһóһöĦüĵӡ΢΢͹ԣ΢Ĺâͣ޽߾ȫֻΪٴ
ʱƣٿ
ʮ֮
һԹȵƧðһߴ׳ӰӲʣ뺷֮䣬͸Ŷڵơ֮üĿһ£Ϊľı仯Լеģ
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߲Զֻͷһۡɽǵ뻢ͷǱʶܵڡѭԭ·أȻԹ֮С
˵ϴڴ˱չأںδ
תɽȣɫɻ󣬽סս˫ȭĽǶʱһ졣ζſı۰̧ǰȥ
µΪ첻°빦ʮĹ򣬲ȬСɵľ硣Ž뿪Ķ˭ĶŽգǸǰ͸ƶһ仰ϴ󶼳ˣ㻹δȥֻһͬأԹ֮ա
ǣԼͷƾѴá
죬νʹ˼ʹڵĴɣȻҪȫԸ
֪ʵãڡ
ͷǶʦ㲻иûͻɾִﶴ죬ճԿĻԼܵʱڱ綪ǸˣҪƴҪʰϣߺߣ
˲нϾֻͣȴһ䣬ѰԭĵܾԹȡܾδĵ˶Լ뻢ͷ޷ϴˣôء
뾪ĵĽǰϿλˣδѰ١ɽİԶͣ½ŲɽȾĿ
ǧ֮⣬ͱ£дĶҲϤʱȴƷβ
ֳԵһ֦£¶ɶֿοЦݡ
עҪһɾ죬һһ֮أ
֪һЩʲôŶԷǸ֮Сֻ˴˵ڣͬľѪĻǡԣһĿŲÿ˶һ룬Լϴ
˦е֦ȻϴڰıչأԼ
ʮȥԹȷ羰ƫƧһɽУٴλʱΪѽӽ˶ڵĴɡ̲סǰ̽һء
ǧ֮⣬ͱϵĶûж
ǧģİɽȪȡ
ȪһƬɽϣΪɽϪƣҡҷżʮĹȿƮʹⷽڸƮʵ¡ˮӵŮӣԼ¶ˣ
ūһʯϣĿŽµϪˮȥڴ˲Զ£ʮɵᣬֱΪšԼСλһŲһ߶ʣһˣھ֮࣬ˮУ
ת۶ʮ꣬ȻǰᡣѽֻūǸúŪŮҡ𣬱һҪôʮأꡣǣһٴط꣡
ʦӦūٷ룬ٴ˵ūҲ̵üįֻȻ
ϪˮҡʯϵİӰɫԶ档ŵĶȻѹסݸһЦ
ԲԵĻţԻᡣūʾ£漴˽ǰʯϥδֽסƣЦѾͷʴϻò񣬸ƽƣһôǷʦҼҳӣడ
ŵһ仰û˵ֿ꣬ʼ߶ūȰοݹ᾵ְ˰ڣ۹΢΢һֵ˴ٽȪȣŨΪеһϼѵľ֮ء㲻ʱǣҶǣĪǶ˶Ů鳤
֪Ǳ£ǳŮҵĽߣūǰ͸պһĨ糺졣ָ̧һƷ棬Ҫ׻رܣȴһźЦЦСģŻʵγԣĪй¡
࣬˴˵໥Ȼ
û뵽ūдһʣŭҲһ˵Ѿͷ˳񾲣ȴȴǺǡҡͷʧЦתֵʦͽ
һһСλŮӣͬദվã˴˽⡣
Ȼ׶ȴūϲмӡСѾͷԸ߶οٲ糾ԣ
ū˿ǸƵŮӡ使£ȴŲΪ֪ļǡһϵķʣʲŵΡǳǳһЦȻָ̬ɫȻ
ŵĻūȴΪʦڱ˵УĲ㡣ūõΨһ
ūŻҪ˵ʱҶ˰ڴˣȴԱŲδݼȪȵĳʧ֮
Żͷһۣ̾ŻþˣҲ͸һСӦڱ˼¡
ǡڴʱİĻƮ
Թޣײˣֻۣǹ;


1269 Թ
ūȻһѭȥ
ȻĻǰɽƮһӰ
һλͯյϸˣ˷̤ת˲ѵɽ֮ϡ䲼³ȹ̬Ⱥ֮ͣʳū΢΢ЦʵʹӺ
ʯϵæվסɫ죬תһͬʩūδ𻰣ŴżɻǰĴƯ֮ˣܴ˴оţ¡
Ǹ˵ģȻĲϡɻȴ˿ĵԷͻʶи޴ӲķɽᰲƬɣʱǳĪǰˣҿڳӭͣĪȪȵˣ
ūǸ̬ͣżūŰݼǰ
˳ŻŲ֪ɷЦЦ۹ūϣתԱߵʯÿεѾͷ֡ū֮£˭˲Ϊū͡ʯϥƵֵǬڣ˭ֲס
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ףԻˣ˶ȵʵţĪʦͽ
΢΢˼⣬ɫԱ䣬͵ӺֵͰ࣬æصǰǰϡūʦἰʱ˿û˴ǰٲȻһǫС
˶Իŵľٶδ⣬ǳūʦǺηˡ
ڴʱĲͻȻһӰδǰʮ⡰ͨ£װݵ֪˼٣
ūҪ𻰡״ֻһԶɫ⡣
ʮ䣬гŵʱɫյϻ̳ϿֵģڰݼһλǱѰǰ
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ְݣֻۣǹ;ˣлָԽ򡭡
ľɳˣֺδ֮УЦŷһ䣬ֵⲻ֪ɵįԶתͷաγɵ㣬ֻ°硭˵ʾãɡ
Ҳǽٺľ졣ظس£ٰݣŻ޻Ȼ˵ˣἰĹˣĪǱһ
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ȹӶǰĿյؼͻȻйâ֣漴һӵͦӰòҲ塣һŻµˣ˫ü絶ɫȻƲ
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ū˸ʧʶεСţΪӡ֮áʩչǱĲáūԹǿһ۽硣ɴ˿ɼȪȵĴзͬСɣ
Ƭ̣黯ӰȻʧָū˵һūʦȺȹµиһĴԼϡħǵ˵һأǷϾѰ˴ӻūšţĪ֡
ʯ֮ϵˣ΢΢ʧûȥӹǰˣܵ֡ᣬԼϪˮתֽ۹Ͷڵɽȡ꣬żֻȻ˵
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۹͸ЩĪľηⱲû¹ʲôˣʱȴЩʴӡˣ¡µǣλǰġɽƮĪ⡣
ɽķ쳣İֻϪˮ죬
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һգԹȵɽٴðӰģɣȴƻȻǶڴɵΪԽµʵǳһϴйأȻļǷ
һ̧űǰɽȥŽٲͣû꣬ɽһϤӰֵ˵ֵܣ±»簡
ǻͷǿ׳ִִһȦһƴ֮쾳˳ԲΪһʹʮһɨաǺϣŽЦ⡣ſԳƻ磬ǵʮ㡣
ͷ磬˲䵽ԣȴһΣһɣ˵ֵܣĪҪˡٹʮ꣬Ϊ㲢ߺߡ
ƲԼֵܣЩɻ󲻽⡣һ붨Ե
ͷԵֵȥأס˭ɣ˵۰ڳȵļƣ漴ַףתһְֵҿϴǷأֽΡ֪һڴ˱չﻹסȻСɣǰߣŸ
ͷûŲѣϱ㱻һֱָ§סҪս˵ΪĲ㣬νš
ͷһŤҪѣһ߲Կһƴɲˡ
ȴһѽͷǰŶԷգͱ˵İЦǺǣϴϣ㻹ǵӲС
ͷæȴѲá£ԩ綼ϴĶ֣Ұ
ǡڴʱʮɽðӰ
еһλզϣأ
һλЦٺ٣˼ҵϲãʦټ֡
뻢ͷٿȻֿԵɫʱһ
ǽŮӣһµǡʱǶСɵΪ󸽺͵ӣȻǶڴɵľ硣ʮ꣬һʦõıչݸ䡣˼뻢ͷ̶ݳ棬˭ײԷڹĥ
ߣֵܣβ࣬ƨ£ͷӣݺݵֵĪΪŮƨɴܲŽкÿ˵һʲôԾȤסЦ޼ɵЦ𣬱͵˸
Ҫŭֻѵǰһ˫ʶأ̿ѣȴҲֻҾʹա
ϼŻͷ޺޶Ļͷһ㡭ʢˣȴĴڣֻһǻ߷ߵŭ鷢йڽ¡ԷǿɶļһǱӣԸӣ
ͷͣȴĿԡ


1270 ϴ
ԹȵĶ֮С
ⶴΪһһС䡣Щ졣һδ֮ǰǰ붨ĬĬŲԶһӰ
һλߣɫľګɢǿƣλڴɵĸ֡ĮȻһľʯĶҲһյָ㽫ηɱ
һƣɫ˿ͷе
Ϊӡƻūܵķš
һ򣬻һС
߶ʱʧԭȡ֮һλĸˡ˫Ŀգȫޣأһ㵭ĺɫ
һ̧֣ʶ鿴
ֵǬоһȺӰһɢŶڴɵƣȴͬݼҺʲŵߣ֮һ
һԶ̧ۿǰĸˣĪ飬ֻԵĳϲʹܣȴΪ֮
ź֮ǰĻūܣʮߡÿһߣ߶һ䡣в̣ͼİֻû֪
һ̧һָһٿȻȥ
ɷ׻ڸ˵ϣʱȥֵֽɡһ֮Ŀյϣֻһ´ܶ
һ˫չ־֮˲䣬Ż⽥۳ΡһϲͣһſһѪ
ǽкľѪŤԪӰεԼʵ֮ȻΪһ塣
һҵ衣Ľһһ֮Сֱʱ֮˫һա
֮⣬ɢǸٴֳȴ˫ƺ硣էȻһĶûʲôͬϿɱŨص˲
һƣȴһЦɫοÿһ˵źǷڣӵɵΪŵ֮ΪҪǿһ
ʮʮλڴɵĿܣʵۻˡ
һ̧һУѽǸǬ֮СϽ«һڣЪϢ̲סֻͷȥһЦ
ڶľУһһйΪδȻʮǰĶڵСɾ硣ħӡɣҲһ񡭡
һӰȥһ϶Ϊһ֮У붨ס˫ַɣһӡ
ħӡʮ־ħӡʮ־ħӡһ˵־ȸӡʮ־ӡһʮ־׻ӡһǧһٶʮ˵־ǰǧ־֮ǧʮ־
һȻûмӳַһǧ־ǽһССľҸһХֹУĪΪ졣
Ƭ̣һ˫һ٣ϵ־΢΢Ȼֻþʹ˰֡Ϊ֮ٿȻһתƬƬӰʧ
ǧ־뿪֧ţһǳɡʽʽȻءǿ֮ʱһʩչؽʮһջɣ
һĬĬٴΪס¡չصͷʮ꣬ȻϵǣΪȴֹǰСɵľ磬Աȼ綴ڵĴɡڵԲκһޣʹýʼջͼƾΪʱԶ
ʶһִΪ˼䡣Ϊˣķй֮࣬ȫĦħӡӡǬеźܡ
ʮȻûͻƣȴħӡӡһټʮλǿĿܣӦÿκһλڵĸˡ
ֻνĽ֮һԽĹǵ
һִüģ˼ڤ롣֮˫ĿնĬȻʧֻǰӡֻͣȴ·ʶ֮УС澭롶̫ؾķķȵմ֮Լĸ򡭡
ֹգһӾ˫ۡ˵չزԹеȴһĿȻ΢΢ü漴ֲΪȻҡҡͷȴӵվºһ㾧ʯмȥ
ǵñϿ˵ĵħ֮оʮʱˣв֪кΰá
һ䣬ֽȥⶴĽơһ߻ǰУһĲɵ˫ֻҪԽŶȥϺһŰĹâ
ʯǰһ֡ĴĹâȸѴСӯӯȴɫΪ졣ʶ룬ء΢΢ȭâȻʧ͡

ǡڴʱԶϤզ
һ˼¶һĨЦ⡣꣬˫̧֣߳˶פԶ
֮⣬ǿȻΨԶԶͷӵҫۣа˻򽥳һߡ
顢顭
ʹ졭
ĪҪʦ֡
Ǳ졭
ҡ㡭
Ůˡ
ҲǱĶ֡
㻹𣿻ɲƨɡ
ͷ
һѭȥ
ǧһƬյϣ붷˼ɣͨãƾȭͷھ˴뻢ͷһһæŶá
֮⣬ɽﲢӰ
һһ̤ƮȻȥת֮䣬ѵǧ֮⡣
ڶϣ˶ȭͷ¡ԷΪ࣬ȴʤһﲢռϷ硣
ȴƣֻȭػˣֻ类мܡǼΪǿӲʹŹɻȻ
ץŶؿڣĪʹ⣬ȵ㺦Ҵ򡭡û˵꣬ȭͷȥ
һ赲һŭ֮ҺθɣҪܣӷǣĪŮ˵
ֲ飬޵㻹ӲҪ
ס
ڴʱͷڲʮİжһӰһϲϴ
ŵöһɣ˳ȥͨһˤڵϣȴ˲üƽϣڵһϴ󡭡
һ˫أֵЦͷ
ɫЩΡ˵ްȴŹʵ档˴ϵĳмЦٺ٣֡ϴ󡭡仰δ䣬ɵͷ뻽һֵѣϴȴѿڶ˳ڵԵʡ
Ǻ˼򶷽ۺɡʦôˣϴ󡭡
ͷһԣ´˵ϴ󣬴˷չΣʲûƼ㣬ʶҲ޴Ӳ
΢ЦɫС
һͬڴŶ겻ֵԸпѡͷ˶ΪǸϲ¥Цصʮνͽ޹
ͷһ˵꣬ϴܲȫ޽ɣͷһĲء
һɣ߳ͷϴᲢۡ
ͷһӣæû
֮ͬʱһӰԶһλޣʮİͣΣһħ֮У̡Ͽǰ桭ת⼸ˣ˵λ𷵻Ահݼ񣡡
ǣԼ뻢ͷԽһһǺЦתﳤȥ


1271 
뻢ͷöǺ⡣ֵδǶʦ÷
ŻͷĻ˵ֻϴķԸʲôݼ񣬺ܺ
ǲҿʵʵ˳ԭ·ء
ͷǸһ󣬾ԹȵĶ֮СһȻֵľٶϣȴǰο
ֵٴط꣬ⲻһֵ˵Ц
Ƭ֮󣬻ͷ˷ֵܵط꣬޾ƺ
͵ͷ
һԭŲӣȴδóˣͣתöֱ˹ȥʾ²˳٣˽űչء
ϴΪλҪչأͷӹ򣬺ǲ⣬Լһһ׻ӦޣӢӢʣХɽ֣ҡил֮Ҳϵְ𡭡ɶ˼
֣ڲ׷˼ڤ󡭡
һ˵Ⱥõƣɽ磬еĿھȴմˣֻٷѹ򣬱һʽͨ
ͷǸɴ࣬Ȳ˵ѽϴβ˵Ѱչ֮ء
ˣⶴΪ䣬㹻ֵãһɵطԸһ䡣
ͷľҴһۣ˹ȥˬЦͷȥҲ
أԭأĬĬͷ˿е꣬ʵϴ㲻ֵİɣ
һÿɷЦЦʵ˵ء̧һϻ˳ĨȥĽ˹ȥ˵̷ô䣬ת򶴿ڣֵҰıչأ⻤
ϻǰֳһӤȭͷСӡǡ
ѹ
һͷҲصشһԳ˶ֲ½Ʒ˶ڡԶӰ̧һƳǰȺ
ת˲֮䣬ϿѴδȣʵϵܣչѰգǰݼ֮ʱԵβ뻢ͷ۹ڷĶ֮ϣɵ̧һָתһǡ
һŹ˫֣Цʮ굯ָӼ䣬ַɸʤǰ԰ݼһ±ܶᣬ£͵ϥֵֵôʽؽչ򣡡
ŶϿַ룬ɫɻ󡣻Ϥչصǰ˼ƽϡΨаݼڣܾλӴԺཫӭǿʢת˭϶ҵѷأǶֵȴΨб䣬ֻһԹȡ
һᣬȴ͸ŴԲӦ
ϿƬ̣˵֪ϵǺεȸͨ˵Ľȣǰݼ涼Ȳ
˷У͸űϿͷĲ϶һľٶ·֮⡣ֵŽأΪֱŲⲻǳڻرܰݼ֮Ҫ֪ǰȣܳأ⻺£ɫĪ
һ˼ɴһڳô󣬶˵ȴ绢ѰһڻǿġͨԵڴˣôɼһߡ
Ͽɫһתʣչе飬򽫴ħ֮УϵĪڴˡ
һûӦڳһϴļơ
ϿҡͷЦЦˣ˵һˣҲַ룬һ£˵ħ֮У¹شǾ֮УšʾءһƲΪ£ֵݴɻʵۿԵԴ޼ֱ𿪴飬ʾʦħʵֽ̣˭ϵۿȴ׷ֻ춨
һɫɣȴתҪϿĿϤףǰҪΪһˡʱԣǺϡۿɻûнʾǲ⡣ν춨к⣿뱾Դ֮ӦòѲ²⡣޼ν⣬ĪѳС
ʦȻǲԸݣ˫˫ȵۿ顣ۿΣǰ۵֮ǰ˳һǵľһλ򷨳죬ֻԵˡϿ˴һתЦֵǺ˼žвоġϵܲԴ˺Ȥɡ
Ͽֹȴ֪ʡ˭ԡʾûȤأĳעĲǽڴˡ
һŲԶıϿ˹֣ɫֻңձؽͬͬˣв֪ʾڣԼ۵ĺΣҡʻ֮ǰһŵг⣬е
ϿЦݱȵľһ仰ֻڵȴһøʱ
ѣƽֻΪҪס뻢ͷ㲻ܲ˵ؿύҲ̫СһλѾõ
Ͽ˵ͷɫԶ˵ݴֻʾ֮Ҫּͻƶһ֣̫ಢ¡
һȻڴɽȵķ羰ϿĻȴһֲڶСüʶĬĬ˼İ̫ĪǾ֮ؾ磿ˣ֮Զν޾ͷǡΪʾд֮Żħʻ۵֮˵ּһö룬֮䶨Ƕ֡
Ͽ˵λ۵ȴþδתħǰǧҪˣԷɻ°㡣£ⲻһɱֱɻӳ˺ģ²ա˭ϼʦħڶԱչزַ룬ֵһ꣬ʦͻȻҪ뿪ġûоκˣֻǰԼ̵˱˵ûеõʾȴӵۿĿ򡣶ߺûҲû䡭
Լ򣬱Դڡʾľת֮ħʵգɻʵ࣬ཫ֮ĪĻ֮У
Ͽ˫һϣֽͷ˻޸п֮ܶҵԽԵڡϵܲΪ֮Ķء۽˵˰ΣҪʾһԵĳ⣡
ǰСʾ˭ܲΪ֮Ķأ
һڻζűϿ˵ĻΡħĵľٶ֮УȴձƳһɵ꣬ɫӦ뻢ͷıչأᵢħ֮С֮ĳ൱ԼС
ϿδһӦжοǿ۲ԶĶţɫԸΡֵıչʵϣȴֽ޻˵ֻ÷ǴȵЦȻˣϵԸãɲܺ˱ѽ䶪һ仰̤ճ˷ȥ
һűϿԶȥķ򵭵һƳΪȻҡҡͷ
˵ĵطз۷ף򣬻Ǻģͬǽڡãõգ޷¶ѣԼУֺˣ
ϿǸʲô˼˼ֱ˫ͷá
ǡڴʱӰԶ
һΪؾкٺ٣ϴ
һΣȻȻʦˣǱҲ⣬ҳƺһ֡ϴ󡭡


1272 
ͷΪչأʱ㿪˰ĵļ
ˣڳϴһ˫޼ģ
һû⣬ȴҲûӭֻǳ΢΢ͷʾ⣬أڶǰȻ
Σ˴ӻ˸漴빪ݵлϴ֮
һľٶδ԰еһС«ı벻ϵգǴϽ«Աȫòղòվס˽ţ̲סǾϰ
лǱӦ
ֱϴԵʧ񡭡
Ǹɴ̧ͦͷε͸һ˿ɫ漴Ӷ»ĳ䣬˫ֿƲʦöˡ
һֻ˿еĺ«ʵĳڤлͷģлǰȰǲлԵζһ١
ǵʱһͣŤͷʦ֡һźΣҪſڱ⡣
һû̧ͷֻǾеĺ«ҡ£ʾҪ˵ĳԳɱǧƣȹҲʤö١磬µƣֺαضءȻؽ«͵صһڣ۹һƳȻֵȴʲô˶ĳֵܡ
ɣȴ
ǽС죬̲סһ
ǵŰݷáһͲףһȴȻգ۹бŶ°һ̧ͱֵǵҪһϸ£дغΣƺ«ֵָ֣ʾغ϶ѡ
Ը̣һܵģô˵š˵žҪأ
Ҳ¶״ȴʲôȻغϣ㾹Ȼʤ˽ǰʦ֡æ򶷽ŵط˵ʦغ֮ģɴʦʤķ贫֪ʦֿš
ǵһۣ漴³һתŲǰںءͨ£Цٺ٣ʦֶ򲻹㣬㵹ѽδ䣬Ǽ˰ӣضһʣ㿴βܳΪֵܡ
һѿڶͬεգɽǰֵ޷ˣ
΢΢Ȼ˼
ǸһĻ档üۻʣֵ֮侹飿һŮֵΡ
һֹ̬ԴЦǺǣһŮӱлֱ˵Ժˬɫ
˵ҽթ飬ǸȫĻŮӡͻȻһʹӦϿʦҶǰύûҪûа͵£ֱԹҵСûбȴҰʿ֮֡չѰգǲơ
һС˭Ҳ²µ⡣
ϿȡȻĺöͷܻݣΪβܣͬΪޣһĪҪ˱ˣ
ӦòǱϿͼԶύսͷģյ⣡
ֻϧԩң㡣ˣĳδ֡
һǱԼճʵ׽Ū̧һö˹ȥ
ǽӹʧĪϹŷϷȸ֮Ѩ죬߲ɫ󡭡⡭˵ѽ΢΢ݣֵڶΪ죬Ϊءȸһͨ˲ö࿴һ߬ϲԽЦ绨һͷΪ˺Ϊϴ󡭡ףʦֵء
ǵ˺ôûʦ֡
һûЦЦ
ŷŵһλǵĻûعһĿӣͷرܣܲڵЦٺ٣иεյֵܣҲ
һһ֣˵ǷΪҵֵܣҶҪȰһ䡭
̧ͷ
һкһѪ⡣бŶһһӽ󣬾˺ߵκһˡұɱ㡣Īν֮ԤҲ԰գٴ׳һ΢ĹâתĪɫԶ
֣ס˸ս
Ĵԣ飡һԶСɵΪսԲĶʦ֡ǿ̫⣬ʤܱ˭壬ħ죬ʽͨԹȣڱƵôʦ͡
ʲɲǣֱѪɱŰȻʹ˻ʬɽѪ֮жǸսɱˣŻ˵ĽԵλʦϣ಻ضð
ǸѱԼ͵ĺˣһ̵ȴһ˿塣Լη壬ȴûɵ˼ֵԴڸεյĶʼɣһֱäӣ
䣬̫Σʣ̨Σξŵأͳ顭ңĬĬеŲãʦȥλʦֵԴ̣˽յĳɾ͡غĴУȴ֪١粦Ƽա
΢񡣲Σݺ֮ף۹һ̧Ҫ˵ȴ漴տڲ
ֻһ˵ԸȻɣȥϿǰλǡ
Ȼߣȴʵ顣ֻǶʦͻȻʵЩ档֮ʣһʻӦڴʦ˵ˣҶϴ󡭡
һȻһЦذֵȻˣĳȸ֮˵һԴˡ֮ͨ󣬶Ųļ⡣ʱԼָ㣬Ǳؽǳ
۹һæս£ϲԸϴͽ̡
һȴæڷֽ⣬Ǿеľƺ«һ֮ŲʵС˭ѽ˵
ڴСްģ㡭û˵꣬ڳԣΪѵģ
һԹ˿ھƣĵ˵ʮǰұҰ޷档һСһţΪһֱأ
ֳңȴסɫȻ
һѭѭյŮҲ˵ϹƭˣλӣûòҲûΪӲǿһֱƣ˹֮
֮ߣһǾž֮ϲȴ˹ά£ʵӣ˭ѽ
һЦлػ˴˲д𡣺ֵܲεգ֮ͬҪ˵Ҳǡ
ǵͷе򣬺Ƴ˾ϣ̲ס˵Ļĵؼ䣬Ҽֳħ⽫㵱ħʵˣһֱ䱸ʦ֣ͬɻ󲻽⡭û˵꣬һЦٺ٣ʦֲʦһûе
һüһѭȥ
ֻѴӵվʼͷ˵Ƿֵܣ˵ҾͽһԱϴķԸתɽ£ǧ֮Ѱŵĵط
ǽŻ˵˳һ꣬ŶȥķһϴʦԺ⣿
ǿһȻܵʦǵĲɣȴͨΪ塣ΪѵõǣΪ󷽵شһκġȸ⣬ȻΪ
һ˿ھƣֱ׵ĻЦ˵ʦֵ˼ŮҪ壬ҪŻǺǡЦڣҲЦ˷ʡһ᲻Цȴ͸ǧĲɣȻ


1273 
ռŶԹȣһֵܣԼʦõĵƽ˼ɫ뼸֡
ǣȺõȸҪ֮ԹȿĶ԰ĴĦȥˡ
ƽ׵ôȻ˸߲ҡǾ仰˵úãŮҪŻɡģҰԲȻѪɱ¾ǻе̴棡
ǸЦԵĵУ̸ֹȴࡣǸ첻µĶˡһĺļһȴȺһŻءôΪ俴Ǹ֮ϧٶԷȺͷųͬ⣬һһǾ֮ѵ𡭡
ҶǣԺĶñϿǰͷ۲ѣĵ˾Զ֮ã뻢ͷΪˮݵԩҡ
һǰ붷Ȼðȭͷ˼Ҳǰʦ֣ı˼ԷһԵƣ츳ͨȸв֮дֽ̡
㶼ҪǿһΪϴ󣡶ǿ޿ɺǣȴ֪һǧȻݣɱ¾Եô򵥡߱쳾֣ϣħԣ챾ģ޾¶¡
ǡıչԹֻع鵽յ֮СϿǰӦöԴϣӴţϽԿԹȰ벽
ת֮䣬ȥ
һͱڵĶǰʱú«ʱױĿơ״У״ҲȻ
νһѵõʱ⡣öթƣûಫƴɱֻһ˰Ѿٷ硣
һڣͷȴйİңһֱ֪ԶźģƷζűϿ˵ÿһ仰
ĵۿɻûн⡣Ҫ֪еġ澭롶ĳϡǾ䡮춨ǳ˵в֪к⣬ȴһʱ޴Ӵȡ
ɻȻûнȴִӦħʵĻ۵Щ
ӱϿĿе֪ڻ۵֮еȻתԱչأһȴʹȥ飬ʵ࣬Ψħʱ˲˵ͬȻ٣յһУ֮µĳ֮Сɴ˿ɻʵ˵
ƣһ֮ǡħĵĸֱƳģȻǶħʺ֮ǡû˴ҲѲ²⡣νǧʥԷడ
⣬ħʻת֮󣬲δѰؽҪġʾѡ˱չء˾㣳飬ȴֲܵɻʵָ㣬ŸԴ롶ʾһеľת֮
ˣɻʵۿһխ֮ˣǾ䡮춨Ҫֵζˣ
Ͽתһλ򷨳죬ֻԵˡۿɻڵڲоģǰָ
ǵƣʦɣЯʥ󣬱ģɾ졭
ᵽľ죬ˡк󻰣ѰǬԪָ˵ۿɻоǲǬԪ֮Сδۿ䣬ҪʦŴȴſڿӣ
֪Ӧûʾ֮һġ񾭡ۿɻƾеǬԪԪ¸޴ѰҪյõʾңңڡħ֮У᲻תء
һʾֱΪ澭롶񾭡ɵԴ޼־翪еĵ뱾Դ֪ľ硢ΪͨҲϡ޼磬ȴЩ׽̻ǵãǾݵĺߵһ㣬֮Ϊ޼硣ĪԲ֮󣬱޼
ձϿ˵ֻ롶ʾ֣ͻƶѡһתɣԲִ̫
̫İǰڵ˵̸УѶ֪ǵ伮е¼˭
޼Ƕ쾳Բһ־硣ɴ˷̫̫ؾ̫ʼ̫̫׾ֱıԴ֮
֮ϣһɡԱĿ˼ȴǷһĨЦ
üĿȻңңڡĪ̫ǶǵĻ籾Դ֮;úʱǸͷ
һҡҡͷٶ롣ķ˼ûиȻУˡ꣬ʶٴθֳǶϤĻסһ󰵰Ρ
УѰǬԼ
ԡĳȻģȴδԸԼû䣬̸ֺأ˵ҲʡģȻĳԹװģġħĵĳԹ˵ʵĴڹ
̷ˡѹָյļ䣬֪᲻Ͽ˷
һ΢΢˫ۣһƳ
ԶĶȻʶ֮кڴ࡭
һȻȴĿӡ漴µϽ«ƬήҶӡ
ħһӵʿΪѲݣƬ˵Ѳѵʶ֮ܡ
ĳſҶ۹㯡
֪ѵĴڣ֪ܷӼʱһС
ǵʧִʱ򣬷֪ں޲ţ̲Ҳۣ
գĳҲȴ˹ȥָأ룬ҲɡӣĳΨһŮˣѱ̫࣬ĳǰԼԻرܡ
һ£Ѱһ
һöӡѵķš
һԼӲ鿴ƷţڵҩԼ֮أϾרޣȴҲ費ֵ꣬һƻ桭
ʱɽһͱ֮ϣƮһСƬʵϼȵϼʮâεΪ׳ۡէȻһ׾콵й쵹ҲһϢ֮䣬ʵϼͻȻ緭ӿֻŭţ̶к֮ɲǣ·ɽһƬڵ֮СдеĹľֶʱɻңǼӲʯҲյá졣ХңķнԹȻΪ촷֮ơ
ڴ˼ʣ𺣵ϷһϼӰ漴ֳһӰʩ֮еǡŮӼͨˣδϲǾʧ롣ʩ磬ĪҪԹȣͣȴ޼ƿʩæԶȵϴ󣡾Ȼ
Զͱ֮ϵĶǰһɽеδһеĵҩһЦŴ֣ǣǸùҲڿ죬Ǻǡ
֮Уּȴ޴Ȼڿ죬ȴڵѽ˵Ϲء
֮ͬʱɽһͱ֮䣬ͻȻӿһХĺ硣էһ˲䣬ĺâȻ羪κ˰ǰ
Ȼһæһڵɽ¡δأæֻ׹
ǷڵĻѽ﷽Բ̼ѱѸ͵İɫǡǰ󲻹ϢĹ򣬱𽻻㣬ˮ䣬ȥ


1274 
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תΪϲԶɽŵһӰֻʦͨ
ڿնת˲˽ǰһź͸Ц⣬Ӧٺ٣ҪϴĿʦҲѭʩΪˡ
Ľʦѽշ磬Ƿ򡭡
˵֮ʣ˫˫ɽ֮ϡ
һǡ𷨾ǰ͸ĵ衣óһƿӶٿȻƿڡԶ˿ƿһգЦԹȣӲ򡭡
գ˫ۣʱСһɫҪһĵģԹϴȡЦ˼ҡһ䡰㡱ͳˡһĵ٩ֻڶԷڼжǸȤ˰ɣ
ڶһеƿסʵ㻹
һɣ۹̧ʵ𣿡
ǺɫһʼͷٺЦóҩߣ޼˵ʵЩ򵥡ֻǶԷǰڳӸµļƣҲ㰡
ǽǰźʵϴǺɵкô
һеƿ˵ȿɽǣȴ֮Ϊǵ
ȴ˵һʹࣻһ˹ȥδز³
顢顪
ǡڴʱʯйâô졣
һ˵ƿ־
ʯŻȻһߴ׳Ӱ󲽶
ƳӰͷ顣æɽʮɣͣתǸûԵοİ
վûҲûϡٴһܣ˵һѩǰܡŽĿӣȴס΢΢һ
ڶǰվΣһ˫۹⻺ӹķİ֮Ȼ𣬾˲Լ붷δֻĬĬŲԶıӰ
һ֮ʼûлͷֻĬƬ̣°ƮȻ𣬲Ųæһת񡭡֮ʣɫζ
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ΣһźȻɫ»̲סһ
ʮİУ۷Ź⡣ϴֵУֿɿ
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ǴĿĵʹȻԴڸһΣ
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ҽɢȥ̻¶һƬѵʯһͷӣ˼зʼ֮ԴΪ


1275 ⲻڴ
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ǰһ䣬ȴһתֵֻʦһԸһʹ뻢ͷչأڶŵļ񡭡
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Ǹһȴʼս׽͸棬ȻǷͬ졣ټʦķԨԴԼ˶ǵ塣ֻͶԳ⣬ĶȻӭʼգ͸żء
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Ͽ˼ŽǰԵʾ⿴ȥ˲䣬Ȼ

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ȵؼһɽ֮ϣܣƮ㡣
һɽµĸߴǰڷһž̳ӡһ̳߳ӴڹŹƣһץſýƵڴá·ֱ࣬Ŷ뻢ͷ˵ģ£æֲͣ
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Ǹɴ࣡˵ʹ죬ĪԼ
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ץһ̳ӣ벻Ц˵
Դӳ֮˴ǰĳĮȻȴ˼ֻĺԵͷȻȴĬտڲᡣһֻ˵һ䡮µһоڲУ
һеľ̳ӳʾ£˵ĳԼһν·
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ٳ˵һֱĬĬųϵΡͻ𣬺סͷ΢Ҫܣȴ۹һ漴ǿ򶨣ԭһ
ǰ󲻹תĹ򣬳ҶϵĿ򡣶Źâתһֻķѣ漴ֱַɳգ֮䣬붷֡ӴܵĻͷҲתأֺǺǵץȥһ⡣
һ˷˿ֽ֮ʾġֵĳûƷζɴ䶪ˣԱʮȥ
ץϲϴҡ
ͷȥŰЦ¸¡
ĵ԰֣޵õ
ͷƱҭסһ㣬æԻɷ
˵ִûиͷԷЦֲȴϬǱ˴֮ˣۣ
ʱӰڰգĬĬ


1276 ĸ
ԹȣĽء
һԶ볾ҷ羰ڣû˴ǰģ
ҹԼյѬ֮УڶĹľղ񡢱еĻҽдеɽ֣Ŀ꣡
ɽϵդҲûˣҰ¹ҰڹȵؼҴܡͷ˵ҰﲻóԣԻ
֮޲ڣֱղܡԽɽݵصؿֻܽˮеĻԶĺӺ֮иһץ˻
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һϿڿϲҲٶӦЦʵԺ⡭
뻢ͷôأʵ˲֮Ĳ׷ṩй˱չϿоݣ˵ֵܶ˻ʦԹȹٽΪϵΪߣ֮λǰҰ˴Īʧ䣬̾ʵԵ±Թ֮٣ݹۺģν޽СϵȴʼⲻԴ
ͷһ󣬳ŽһۣҵغߵҾ֪û˺ռڵȵ˵ʱˡ
һԵЦ٩Сͷ紫һ仰
ͷһȴֺľ仰˵
ŽƣŰ֮ıϿڣǼ鼴
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Ͽ뻢ͷķδֻܴĪɫһ
һһƳֵܶʱתӭϿˣҡͷĳģֺйֵĲڰ֮ͣ£˫֣°һ̧̹ϵֵնԹᡣֱԣβЯǰС
ϿɫŻ΢ЦֻҪӦղĸΪС


1277 Ǻ
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ǰһϿǼۣ˴ѽȫദ޼䡣
У
ͷһֱ֣˼⡣ǸϿǿɶ񣬾ҪЮϴ󡣲˵ĸǺ⣿ϴΪҪӦأǲӲ
ʽزسࡣϿԸǧġħΪУ֮СϴֵܣŶȦ˵޷Ҫת֮ˡһţ㵹ǆ¸ûꡭ
ͷ죬㲻ͷش˵һ䡣
ͷԾȤЦ˵˵ĵһкȻţֻܺŪҵĺˬ򵥡
Цƨڻһ䣬ڳѵĿֵѿ͸նĵʿȻڻ¡
˲ǰУ˵ЦҲڡ
Ϻǣʲô֪ĶΪ˰ɡͷ°һ˦ڳһԴԹȳ֮󣬱ȴһֱװźͿ
ߵߣĪҪҼΪˣ㻹ǽ𵤻ʱӱ㿴˯
ͷһͣƤЦۼе£κԶѲǵˡãֱ˴ˣٺ١ö»ֻ֣Ӳϡ
ҲȣΪȻ˵˷ִ磬㡭
ͷ˵һֹۣĪϴװģ
ɫһ߳ٸ˵һ顭
ͷһ޵㲻ɡųڣȴֳһ֣ת˵ĵҲϴιʲأ
㶮ƨһڣǰһıӰ޺˵ɾ죬һġ
ͷʾܵлХ˷أҲ˲ѽ
ǳ䣬ʹøе·С롣һ֮ĵһʮ˵ִҰЪϢ̡
Ұǡ˵ħǡ
ղͬ̾һ׳Ρ۳ǣһ֮СǸ߲ĳۣй⻪ֱ춷ԶԶȥ޳ɢһǰδеƣ
ڴˣħǱĵţֻϷ̫šΨһĳ࣬Ǿۼ˶ʮλԴʿһΪĸ֣ν̷Ƿ
ħȻԴȴ̲ʿҲ˵߲ܣȥ߲ݵĿҲˣǸӭ͵ļƣ
ڳĿյϣϥòݣ˫ݣ䣬˫۰հϣȻ붨ģԶ֮ͨŵǧʯףسǵʿѲ߮нӰﲻ
ʱһλ߱˫ִӳлλԲĸ֣ʿ˶سƺһ곤ϡδʯ׵ľͷȻֹȴ۹һƳʮ߳Ԫӣи
Ԫӵ˰̲ѡִȨʱҲû硣С˵־֪νȻ鲻ԸȴƤվƱǿ躹ޣ
곤Ծܵɵɫһŭѵɷܡ̬ϣҿͬŵһۣħӭĸǵ֮¡вأҽ𣡡תֵԪǲ̣ܽĪŹ顣Ȼϳͣϡ
ԪӼ곤϶ŭϢˡһգֺαһСأŽ˫֣ȴһ˦ΪȻ½ش˴գֺйֵиԪӡ곤ĪҪѪˡ
곤û뵽ԪӸҵ涥ײסҪ
ǡڴʱһȺӰΪ׵һ뷢Ұ׵ߣ絶̣Ī⡣߰ʮλɫɫʿһǶĸ֮֡ɲǣĪƺķƵýŵʿæܡ
곤Ϲ˲ԪӣƼ˿ʯ׵룬߹˵Ԫӷӭв֪ǰԺη
̧״ŸƵħǣо˵Ϸǧľ
곤΢΢ݣݵԭǧĵľǰ١ʯԼҵͬʾ⣬Ҳȫʱһԣÿȥ·˵ӭͬųǳͨ衣롭
ûІ£շȥУת֮ʧǧʯ׾ͷĳ֮С
곤أԳųŴɷгɾͰĵ˵ͷǿڶ࣬ǰˣħ֮⣬ǧİĳˣתҪѰԪӵ鷳ȴֽסһȻ㡭ϸ˴ʲô֡
֪ʱһϵϸѲΡΡߵʯϡ곤ϾǺ޲Ȼתײϡ˺֮ʣԷȫ޷ٲȻһ鷲ˡŭ̲ס߳ǡ
ϸЩãȻض곤ϣʵĪǲǣʱеĹأ
صûУߣ곤ϲͷغ߳Ǻ¡
ϸ˷곤ϣǻͷѽѰЩٵĵҩ
Զһͷɢˣִұ뺷쳣ȴֻΪͷ˸ǰ˵һѱϸˣƹ곤ϣѭʯֱŶȥ
곤ȴ̲סһλТӡ
֮ͬʱмλ߱ʯ׻һݲϣΪΪ𵤵С
곤ϵ۹ǼλߵһӶ漴ͷתʯףԭûɵԪӺȵְأʵ
תǴ¹ȥǰһաֻÿҹʾ֡ԼҰʲֻǻ罵٣ȴر仯ħ֮۵һâĿҹ죡
ԪڱĿȴ˸طʯϣһλ伯еߡǿһ£
ĲõһУ԰Ԫͣ˵ˣֵѲ߮Ҿľ𣬶Ԫȴ̣ܽǿʶգʯҲӣŹ顭
谡ǵһԪӺ˵ǣʱתգС˳ѲԪӣҸҵš
һӰҴδʯף˵ŵȻֹ
Ԫ͵˫ۣͱˡ
ǲײǸʿæʩ
ԪӺ°һ˦ԷƹһԼǰУ̲סͷȥ
ʯ׾ͷĳǰ곤Ա˫־Ӹ¡־ֱŻ
ԪӰһڣֻͷ£תǰҪűĿ붨
ƣСɽ֣СԪĳţΪָǺεĳȻء
ԪӵƤδȴȻԲˡ
ʮӰ⼲۶һ뺷쳣ƲΪ׵ˣһλһλˡˡ


1278 ö֮
ֵĵѾķ
˷׷׶ܣĳų϶ʱ徲ࡣ
һӰƮȻ£δӭʯ׵ľͷǵ߳Ԫӣûɫõ仰δ䣬ת洺ع˵ħԪӣӭλĴݹ١ǰԺη
ԪԽǸˣͷͬԩ·խע崣Դһ˰ԷͻȻ٣ȻšνʱתǺ
ĳ֮ʣ߳ǣԪӲɵһ壬漴ŭӡҪȻԣԪԽֻǿŭվ
֮˲䣬ʮӰȺ䣬ǡƷɺкأƷǷȴƬΪ׵ǰַ룬̬˵ϿЯͬӦԼˣ
Ǻǣԭĵǰ˼ݵݵԪĿ֮¶˻΢ЦӦ˸еÿȥ·̧ӭͬųǳͨ衣λ롭
ڴʱ˴󺰵һõˣǡ
·ͻȻЩ⡣֮ɲǣسŵʿһԵˣԼŽĸ֣һѭȥֻʯԱվһݵӣָǰ롣侪ŭӵɫУ͸Ī
ħʿһʱɱ硣ԷָָԲȻΪ׵ıϿǲɫȴǷһƳ
Ⱥеδǲɷ˵ӣƷͶִˡһԵһһŮˣɫ졣ǰĻӣǶԷָλȴǺЦǰһͷӦĳ˾ڴ˴ҺΡ
һͬطħǣ϶һֻû뵽δǣԪӡưһ䣬۹ӹϿˡ
һԱţʹԪҲͲסȻӱ۴ȵλͬţҽ¡
һ˫ֹ֣ݡȴǰԳ˶ֵļһءһ죬ǻͷɷϡһ֣ɱ
֮ͬʱسǵʿɫ΢䡣һ٣ʮǰħǵһЯڶȻ޿֡
ԪӼӦʱˡ
ʧʧʱ޷֮գ
Ԫּ̧һѷɽȻŭȣħΣڼұȡֻҪսһнתʱϤԪӵĿȻ٣ܲӰ׳֮ʣһͻ
죡
곤Ϻ̧߳ԪӣΨ²ңǺξģ
ҡ
ԪȻһŭġΪħʿΪħǽǣ˷֮£֮˵УҲǳ֮İ
곤תĵǹһǸųǳͨ裬ᳯϦġλǡɷ˵Ǵһӡ
ʿǽԪӸһԡ
ԪӽŤĿɿڴ˲ҪΪħǳΪңƷһѰµСˣǰλɫƵͬţֿ˿ǸЦݲĵһ̲ס̧Զֻް²ǡߵ
֦ںȴתֱ䡣ΣһΡ
һԾȤҡҡͷѭʯʰϡϿɫɣȴһ˿ײɻ뻢ͷ˼һ˵ȣС
ĵ˾ǣǰ漴ع鰲
Ԫӵû˼ܣأһȻʱֻĻ
ϤַһħǣԼԶ֣һӰɢȥֻ󵭲ʹ˱ɽ֡
ԪȻһֽ̾ơҪһǰԵ׳֮ʱֽס
곤ǳ־̤ʯ׵ĸߴ۹ӹķԸպǡ
ǡĸ֮ʣΪҪǣԪͷһæ䡭
ϣؿŻ󿪡
һĵѰ·ֱУ׾ٵشɡϡ¡磬ֱִַࡢ࣬˾ų֮۵΢ǡ
һ·֮ϣǳͨ衣;ȴħǵʿָ·꣬ҲûҴȻӦԼˣ㡣
һֱ𵽹졢ɡǣ˳ⲻҪһǵķ羰
¡ǣΪ־סĵطɽֽϡ̫֮ҪŨࡣ֮󣬱Ǵࡣ˴ľֻоʯɽڣ鲼ܵĽơȻ䣬ȴ죬һʱѱߣƽ˼ֵĪ⣡
⣬ķ񷣬ϼöȻʣͬ
һѭħʿָ˳ߵǹءĵ󴩹һɿɸߵĳǽڣڵִ΢ǡ
ν΢ǣɽһ޴ʯ̨﷽ԲڣΪͣΪĿƽ̹ǧɸӲԻΡ롣ʮʿܣԶǾۼŲǧӰ
ģвãҲǺвĴڡϿڶֵħʿӴ
˳էⲻҪһԲæž͵ذһ
һڶ࣬ŮͬӦħԼĵĸвǰԼ쾳ĸ֡һ߰ʮ˶ռһط
絽һǧ֮ڣټĵʮˣھʮ㻷һȦνƺƴʢǰΪ˵Ҷδ
ԭأ䣡
ϿԸһתһңң֡ʮȺУһλк֮˫һչϥ¡Էɫζ
ɢЪϢƺһȾŨҲ洦
ڱϿ´ͣ
һȴ߳ȺԶԶž˲ӡ뻢ͷ£Ҹ쳣ٶԼԶ˿ֵȻݹҡ
״Щ಻סŶʹ˸ɫûŴո֡ϿǲϵزһƳʱͷ
һ˫֣ͥŲһǰУһߴԶľ޴Ӱǧɸ־Ų㣬ȴɭȻĪ⡣ڣһ񷡣е¡йкɫûתɷǹǳƣ֮ķ
ǱѾõľеһ㵹ҲѰв֪µİ˲кá
˷ǾɵΣȴǾͬӵֱУ龰㱻ƵǱӴܣɴٽ֮ƣö֮Ҷ֮ǰһȦҪĳЩˣĳˡ


1279 
⣬һȺʿвߣ糾ӡӣԼȨӵȡǼӦú⣬һֱоеһλ³۵ߣͬĿ
һ뷢סӥԼӶ꣬кһ
߱ΧţȺǹһ㡣һԶԶԼɫƣ΢΢Ц£ǴһϵϷ򡭡
һ߲İǼˣʵ˸пࡣδػ׳ӰѴԻŰӣһ˫ηļơͷƵĶӣǳ˼ۺ졣ǶһԵĺ⣬ֻǻŭһ
һֹ̧ס뻢ͷ赭д˵㻹û
ϲϵãֻ˵û֮⣬˻̫ˡ
ǧĵľˡһ޽ȴԶŵĶԹһ䵱µķǻʼٸߣǺ֮һ˵һУδʹ˰ݡķʱձ任ת˺֮СԩҲף˫ԵһգҲˡ
ҡҡͷַ룬˵һϷܾá
֮ͬʱȺеļλߺӾ˫ۡһĪ⣬ȻΪĸˡ
һ۹бȻ壬žӦʵʱ˵أԷһ֣ɣˣаҲˣ㲻õȵ̫ãǺǡһЦŲæ˷뻢ͷҡΣһ˫޿ֵģ
ȺеľأԶһӰ۹
ʦܿӡȨһʦŭסɻ˾һͷһ𣿵ڤϵػľӣ˭
ֵˣԶǧڵȺ
ƵƵͷдĪĺ⡣ˣһ²ͣ˵ϤǾɻʵĴˣǧ𡭡
ͷ֪αǸпһ䣺ʱӢţʹӳ
һһƳڳ£һС㡭
ͷʶ˫磬һ֣ҫҼĴпɲˣĴ
ߵߣǧʥǵ֮
ͷͷϣϣϺǣ񲩹֪ӣҷ˵һ
ö˵Żͷ۵ֻǵϴߣȻ㹻ˣ
ͷŴ󲽣Ц㲻ϻ𡭡
ȴתһֵȻɽ𺣣ֵܳ󣡡
ͷʱһӦǡ
һֵһۣתǰ
ǰһʮ֮䣬ɢڶӰеλվ˫˫ңңʾ⡣
ҰɽȵĶȵʢѵã˴еĸҲո֡
һŶЦЦǴк
ͷŰڰ֣Ūһ硣
λߣѽйҰɽȵһи˸ɾ۹ȴʮһƬȺУϴ󡭡
һѣȻȺеļϤס̨ʤ롢ȫ
ͷһڣޣ𰡡ڵڤνܾĥǸ̨ʤסǰڴ֮ͥ£ʱ˵ѳȥƾߵŭƣ̨ʤǵͷ޶ԡ
һ̨ʤͶȥһƳ˵ٲˣǷһ仰Χžǰȥ
ͷ֪²ǼƽϵҲֻա
ĸҵʿǧ֮ڡԽЩȺ֮󣬱㵽ħʿۼڡġλ쾳Լප쾳ĸ֣ռټһƬط
һ²ͣ۹Ѳ߮ԷȺУȻ۹رɫηߡ
ʱֵ֮˻صĵЪ֮ء
ϿжԵĲԶż졢ǵˡкϵתһȦá
һӦ£˰ˣǺǡߵϿĽǰϯض뻢ͷǲҡ
ϿһֵһЦźʵ֪˭βһ
һתԶ˵ǧľ
ʮ֮ĸߴӰһʵ֮СϹ⻪ҫعͨ졣
Ͽַ룬㡭н飿ȻԭأȴһֱܵĶйֵңţ˲䣬ȴ˫ۡ˭϶Էޣſڵʵ顣
һعͷ۹ڶǵһӶźЦжԹΪ顣ҡˣ˭˵÷Ͽ˼ʣµʹʧܡӦе㣬֪μƽϡ̧һָٴʾǸ̨ʤڴ˵ءֻܻʣɻϤǰðߣϳͲ
ⷬ󣬶ȴ
ѱʰ˻ԣסǰɱڵ΢ǾôĵطʶһɨҲܾµĵΣ̨ʤΡκʦֶԴ޶ãϴ¶ʹ졣
ûֻĬĬʦֱϿıӰ
ϿɻȴûʳȻ仰û˵ǣԼҵͷϡ΢΢㵣漴˵µΪƾʵݣҵķǸ̨ʤȻﲻ⣬ȴ෽֮ƽϡ
һεҡҡͷ˵ϳɳأĳвҲ
ɫʧ䣬ǾɥС졣һЦƤȴӵĺڳ
Ͽû룬ǽת뻢ͷº˵ԹȵļޣΪտֻջתһƳ⡭볤̾ЦֵѶ겻ݣǺǡЦĶпҲԶӡ벻ĺ飬縺ĵİΣҲѵƬ̵ң
һϽ«һڣЦЦ
ûӦɴ
ͷǾֵֵܳԺȵʱ͵ʱˣ
ϿЩΣЦǿ
΢ڣҹ
չȥиӰ½ӿܣѽǧ֮ڡǱõ⣬Ʊ࣬ҲʹøʵӰԵΪĿ
Դ֮ʣӰǽĻƮȻ
Ϊ׵λӣȲһüĿᣬҿ쳣ٶ֮͸ż޵̬һɫۣòʣƮƮλߣвͬĪȴһޡ
ת֮䣬һڸǰʮ֮⻺Ρ֮ǡǧġħʿۼĵطΪ׵̬ʱѽԶξ۵סһֱһָ룬׽Ц⣬˵ڴ˹ӭλĴݹ٣
ܣǧ֮ڽѷ׷Գ˵ѣϿѣԱֵˡ


1280 ǰ
˰˻֮ϹţǧȻʡʼ񣬱Ųо֮ʱǴͨߣ㴩СǡǳͨнݾǷĪ⡣Ϊħ֮˽ֵػķճλԵ
֮ۼھ֮ǰԺѹգ٩٩ԡ˵ޣ³й档ڶ֮ʣл˵
ڳǧ֮ڷ׷ӰζһҲûУǴͷվĵȺ֮ǰҶЯλڵĸֵ֮ʣһֱŶԷһһʦֵǰ𣬲ĳ˵ĴڡˣĪǵ´ͬĺ뷨ʢֻ²á
ڣԵղ档ҵڶ࣬ݬ롣⣬޾̺
˼˵ϲ˽ѽ˴˼䶨лƴ״һ³ԹºưոݡֵΪ˱ԩͷծںľʹ˴ң󻰻ǰͷ
ǰʮԶҶжϿңµλ˳ſܵǧӰڹעǰĶһʱ֮Ȼ
һ۹Ƴҡ
ַ룬ֹݣϿׯϣһԡҶĵػζӣ쳣ϹһĨȵЦݡµλߣľʯܰǳĪ⡣
һЦ˵˷ּڻݼ¡ڽɭϣ׻ϡʶŸԼ£ڲ᷽ɳС⣬в꼰ˡɢޣߣ
ⷬŲ޵ھڸ˻Ƕ㲻ģΪȺڡԼ˽ɡľ֮УҲ֮һЩҪķ
˵˴ֻһתʵ֪λΣ
ͷӦ
Ͽû룬ͣơ
ЦݣķҾ飬رôˣߣϳ͡仰аڵ֮ȥ
һ̣΢ǵǧ֮ڽڶ
ɵĻڻصȻתλ˿ҵݡ
״ϿҪĵһ֮жڼҪµ˽һ
ǡڴʱҶǰһл˵
Ͽ⣬ѭȥ
վûȴɫζ
ϣ˵ʦл޷
ҶȻһЦĹ
Ͽҡͷ⣬ŮӻҪұﻹˡ˼𣬶ԷȻ˵ֻ֣һ仰ǸһǷˣ
δƽڤһ£ħǻҲ粻ɣ
Ͽ÷طʵΣ
ҶЦɣȴ䣬˵һɱʿٵ࣬ôħǣ˲֮𰡣ʦѰδȴ֪ӵ֮С
ŵôԣϿ㵡
ڶǳ֮ǰһΪУħǣԭٵɱȴʵͬСɡҶȻ˵ޡ
ҶԹ˵ʵ棬Աħг𱨳ԹԹڱңʹҾʹ˷Ҳϧ͸źкԹɱ
Ͽܲſ쳣ǳԲססתرܣһʱҡߣȴ֦
һԵ͵ħǹȻԸΪУҶ˵ʵǵ֮أ⡭
ϿƳڵȺͻȻʲô
Ҷһһͣб֮ǰ˸ȦӣѵֻΪǸһ
ϿתڵȺɵҵʦܡʦݺڤֻһȣʹתΣΪ仰δ䣬Ҷ˦ƮݵĺڷЦǺǣֹҶĪǰָħйˡˣұؽݰ
ڳʵļƣ߳Ҷ÷Ͽ֮ˡ
Ҷȴִɫһײֻ֪Ǹһкβףһ˦ͱ˵¹ħǰΣе˳񣬶ȻǰıϿǳԶ۹һȻɱȻ
˻֣µЦݺζʱĪ˵˾֮УϿʵʵҲˡ
Ͽַ룬ɫء꣬Щɲ˵һδġ仰ųڣȴ͵̧ͷһϵܣϰģһлת
ͻȻܵ˴ãȻ⡣һѭǰȥ
һԭأһ㡣˵ʱ֪Ļˡ
ֵǺöڲסϿ̲֪Ϊʱ̫
ΪЦǣĳ˱ɾʹС˭뵽ͷԽҡˣ󼺡ȥˣȻ
ϿΪ˵ȴʧƫִĳϰģֺαصȵʱ˵ˣȻԸҶưոݡһػĵľյľ֮Уע֡
ϿԶԶһ޶ԣסִγϵܡһȻ뵱ϡ
Ȼ˴಻ʮʲôȻأ
һδӦǻ׿
뻢ͷңһºǸɴࡣ۹ڴڽĺӣԼˣɫ졭
һ۹һӣת뿪ĵȺ뻢ͷಽǲҡֱǧ⣬Żվ漴°һ̧žķ򵭵ȥ
״ϿĬĬ̾˿һľٶ޷ڱ޹ءֵҲĻ˽ޡ
ҶһЦͬǲ˵
ȴǴһӣķ˵Ϊһħͨõʮ֮ͽֻܻ֮󣬱ɿλԺƬ̡λᣬҪѡԸһڵСѴ֮λڵĸ֣˭Ҫ֮
ڴʱһ˵š
ЦùĪ⡣ʱãԼȻǸСӡᣬҵˡԵʣԼҲʦǰӡ
ҲЦˣֹ̧סλߡ˴£ȫ޽Ʒ϶ĵţҵѽաĿ֮£Сӻˣʲô
ַ룬ɫСħǽôĳԹʵϡСӵĴôҶ֪
ϿεҡҡͷǸһǽ׽͸ˣ
һ۹ӹܵǧ֮ڣתǰ˵


1281 Ի
һӭͬųǳͨ衣ĳΪλħмӣŲǰٴ˵ء˭λֺ֮λ޴ǡ
һ˫֣뻢ͷǰֵˣ˸ʿ֮Ŀյϡֵ˶ڣԸĳѡΪΪͬİľ֮Уϡ
ⷬû磬ǳдżĳζƣһ̩Ȼľֹ̹֮磬˵ʮྶͥ
һľٶΪȻҡͷ˵һΪˣҪҵʹ˹˳Ͷϣһһ˳ͶҲȻֻҪԼĶӶԷΪؾƵѪɷӦ
һվЦǺǣΪޣΪ⡣ɼҲҵкηɥĲѵͲŭԹ
ΪŭԹǸΥĹ˳Σȴ֪
ɫ΢л⡣С˵Щʧ㡣һ߳ݵԻڡ
ᣬλԴͻȻǿλڴɵĸˣŽɲǣǿϯķʮ֮ڶʱɱ硣
˾ʹڳǧ֮ڽɫעȸΪҪˡ¹ħǸһĶԹû˭Ըʡ˫ǿбյο֪
ϿɫΣͷʧǣһȫòο׮ɵĶԹֻϧˡ
ڳֶԸһδеοʱĿһͷȴõ˵塭
ڵȺУٺһЦϲƴɱ۹ȴ͸һ˿Ī֮ɫϧ࡭
ǰ㣬ɫСǸϴΪξͲϰأԼʦ뻢ͷǸӵĺȻηҷħԣһɶ񡭡
ת˲֮䣬λѳֵܵǧ֮⣬־ҷĽǵضͲɵǳ׼Ҫһܡ
֮ͬʱ뻢ͷѸԳλڵĸˣѰĵֿͽ͡Ƶһؽڽ֮԰Σ
һ֪ҶŹԼȴûϵԷʱȻѡΣͷҪӳħǣƱص컹ѣ룬ͫ΢մ˳伲ӡһĹâȻ֣ʮӰƿնԶڴɵƺݺӭλߣ׷
䡢䡢䡭
âҫըһ̺׽֮ĳ轵Ӿڡŭ㸲
λ߲㲻ܣʩǿ
־죬ǰһضٳŰĿ֮УʮӰյɰƣȴƵüĽ֮ΡʮĹâƿնƶλߵ󡣼䲻ݻ׹кꡣ֮ǰʮ˽شȻηϮȥһ񹥲ֹ
ǰʱλѷֱ𱻰˵ӰΧסӦԣļ׻ҺԷԼ߲ʹǿĽ֮һʱ޴ʩչҪһնɱⲻһۡ
ͷѽɷһźƣֻŶսһ˭ͻ䣬ƼڶЦϴڶİ֡߳ԾԾԡ˫ֵ岻֡
һ̤նüӡЩνİ֣֮ǰƵķܣÿ˶Ϊһʽ׷ͨӦƬ̣Ҫսʤλڵĸȴв
д˵飬֮
һɫ΢ѪâǧɷԲ֮ڣʱûһƬѪ֮СǷͷλãȻʮӰƴʢ
һȻ˫֣ǰ󲻹ϢĹ򡣾ǰİ֮УȻ׻ɱҡ
һ̣ڳǧ֮޲ĿȻ
ɫɣȴǽסѪšֻ˵һǰʦֽ·硣˭ϴոûж֣׾ٵصסλ˵ǿʮλ֣޲׺쳣֮ǰȻ޲ǿ£ҽ޴
СšΪԼһη壬ȴǲǰǰһͣʵǵηǿУҿȻɫ뻢ͷһλϴ󣬵Ҳۣ
붷ȣһļ쵹࡭
ԶһѲٻرܣԾ治ѣҲһͷˮ
Ԫڹرճ֮󣬲ŴҴҸ˴һ˵ʱת˭ǸһȻվ˳ʹԼ˼˿աһߴųϵľĶǣһصȺ֮С
ǰλɫ졣
Ͽַ룬ɫȻһǰʦܽʱ򣬾Ȼδʹȫ
۹˸˼
ҶһſԵе㽩ӲǸһǵؾִӾȫˡһпƽңȴǼ򵥡
㵹лȻ
ޱ٣ʼղΪǧڱ֪ˡһֶΰٳƶˣҪЮԴ˸ö׮ͷȻйءǽţȥ
תɱ磬̧֣ƾץһСɵĺɫħ֮ǰݣʱȴ˲ࡣСӵֻˣֱһɱ
ǡڴʱ͸һЦǺǣֻɱĳڣؾԼڤ㹴Ӵ֪
֮˲䣬ӰͻȻǰ
΢΢һɵÿʮϿԷͬȴָɫһλѣǡ
Ͽ£صһԺ⣬ٶֲ١
ǸЦЦŲæӦѵȺʱ顣һеֺγԹ޴ء
״ҶЩ⣬˵ʦϢŭ
еħԺâ¡ͷҶһۡϿԼһʣһԱͼıʦܲǺͿֺαϹ֡
ʮİ֮УһȺӰƴɱλȻΪǿκӰ׻ҡԷһɱȴйѪ֮þ٣㱡Ƭ̹ȥȻ԰Χ
ڴǧ֮⣬ֵԴ
һʩչͫѪâ󣬰λߵĹƣȴžǰĶҵġҪû٣æתЦһ˶Էͼָ֮⡣Ͽ裬ûֵٲס֣ĪĳͨھҲա
˲ϿִѭŭҪЮ𡭡
һһƲתڳǧ֮ڣֵݱͬɥؾеһ׮
š׶ٿ죬Ҳ˵ÿ졣СȻտƾȴܲסƻġһԷڲ˵Ժĵǧʿ޹
ֱǺ˵˵ǧʿˣγѪɷɣ
˹ȥ鷳Ͽȴû·˼ٴټȺȻʱˡҰա


1282 ħ
λһȴֱ𱻰λָΧסǰŮͬò죬ȴΪɫĮȻַƴļơټʱʱֵѪþʹ㱣Ҫʹ˰ѾһʱҲס
ǡݻһƽϡ
λ߳ˣһȻͬʱŰ֡Žս˫ٿȻֿ׻ɲʧ
λ߲δԶȥ֮ڿơʮӰ˺ۣȴͬһſɱɭȻ
˫ңң֮ʣ˵һ˴˵ĶԹգȴ롭
֮Уһ̩Ȼģһǰλȴһ˲䣬ǰ˿ȻðطħǣҪͼıĻֺǿͷȻԼεֹĻ˹˼ɡĳǰæһ
һҵ˸ɫƮȻǰ
뻢ͷվδԽ䱸
һԽλɺܵߣһͣһλһλ긾ˣԱȴֻȻڵķȴΪȻѵǿ֮ĩĵز
ʱԶ˵ȣɢޡߣ
һ۹ӹҵʮӰǰλԶˡ
ʮɣеľȻƲķǧ֮ڽ׹
һվˣԳֻҪϵף˴˵ĶԹա˾뻢ıƤ˭˵ֲأһƲɣһơԼƱǣԼۿһСֻĳϲ鷳ҲӲǻ
һʱӦǰͽ˵Ѷϡ¹شаΣλȻӦʡ
÷񣬸뺬ЦĬĬ˺
Ͽü꣬εҡҡͷתһԡ
һƳֵһϵʹ˷ءδ䣬תԸҶʦܴβ
ҶԳԶͷҲصӦС£Ǻǡ
Ͽ˫˫תǶʦֵǺ⣿
ŭȴ㷢ҪɫΣʮлĳŻƯΪңͷΪ۰ʮɷеķ
Զѭȥֻһ˫ֵ֣ĳȻĪҪ޹ʵѡ
ɷʿǺǡ΢΢Ȼ漴ʧЦ֣ŻҪ֪ʮˣԹ޵Ŀ֮˷ԭѰȴΪΥ͡ûǧϵʬ͡ô󡣹ʶкԴߡƣ֮ɷʿЦ󷽡
һĿ֮Ի֣֮Դȴľֻսʬڶ࣬˺ľū
仯ѷ˵ô򵥡һԶȻ
ڳ߽Ϊ֣۹ǲ
Ͽͬѿʮ˵쳣ȴ⡣һڶʬ
ɫɣ۹΢΢˸
Ҷһֱһ°ĬȻЦʦֻо仰û˵ǿ֮˰ɱ¾ȴھΪ
߳ȻһȺʬŻʺźɣһֵɥ֮ȮƯΪˣȴ̤벽˵ӣ·
ĴΧ㣬Ҫǽɱ֮죬˵ϻٽһȺܳŵһʱù¼ҪЮƬ̵ĴϢ֮Ҫǳ롣вؽŭҪ۸㣬˭˵أ
һûмڱ⣬ǳʮľһδ𲽣˵ļѡֽΣ޴󡣶˵ġʹ˷ءӵնĳȻ˴û·
ʮӰȻпգɱڣȴ͸żĪı׳Զȥֻһ߾κ಻顣䲻ԶǱֶһ͸Щɪ΢ӵȴһĨмȻ
ͷһıӰһۣתҪսʤĸˣҪƽǡ絶Ųƻв㽫ھ֮ж췦ϴǲף
ֳһ¡޾ɫֻһʱɱԼѲǵԼһǸһǰܳΪ׻ϴء
Ц󣬾쳣
һԳüһĳߺģǿȴԴĳżԵѡʣβųƵ·΢΢һ٣ͻȻתԶȺɵغȵĳţõȻʱ
ͷ֮࣬ȴ̾ΪֹⶼɶʱˣϴŹŪ顣ΪȻػ˻ԴȴȻһæһ
ͬʱҶϿڳˣĿȻ
ֻħڵȺУȻֳһɵӰת֮䣬ġʮλɾʿڿգһȴԴĿɬΡһλƤ׾ˣһ̻תͷһᣬǰݵڣ𡭡
һ۹һӶͷʾȸԸЧĳοֻйգص˳Ը
˵ú֮ǰתôһȦǺ⣿Ųͥʵһһʱ£˭ҲԳڵӰ̾Ȼȥˣﻹ˵ࡣֹһݣӦƾԸ˼죬ȴҲһžֳǡעĽ㲻ȥıħǣκɹ֮ܶһʱһʱ
ΣȺеԪӻȻ򡣻֮ڶֻãСȴǸһ˶ԸԼʱҡ
ͷ㶿ŲԶȺ鹧ʿ̲סڳһֳֻ˻һƣš飬Ҳһ־磡
ʼͷֲֵģȴûŻͷһۡ
ħʿ󵹸꣬νתһ̣һ²뻢ͷԼʮɷġʮ쾳ĸ֡ڵ˻ʶȤ˵ת°һ˦Զʵĳ½ΪħʿǷ
ϿЩŪ״Ǹһ˲˼飡
ȻкһλΥĶ֣ԷȴĽ˿
ҶЦЩǣǿɫЩԹ
ĿɿڴȻѾ˼Ҳ뵽ǸһħצԼƤӵ£ǽǽǺ죿ûж棬δȥħδ֪룬ֺŭ߳ɡ޳ܣʮ쾳ħǵ뱾ͥЦȻѰв죬ħǣƲ
ħǣˣ
ֻҪһӦħΪСӦʮħǵָνͣ
ˣϿҲóȻ֡
ɼ˺ֻ֣뽫һءԷ΢ǵĻڴͻȻЦǺǣħǣкη


1283 һΪ
ЦԶðһӰ
һλߣݿ£뷢ףģƵĻУȴ͸ŸĪȣʹþڳ˽Ϊ֮һ
ˣڵĸˣ
֮ͬʱǽڽһλͬԲĪ⣬ɳƵɤ͵ϣ㵹ûˡһҰĲС仰δ䣬λơ£ȴòһвδݣת֮䣬һλͷɢıδ󺺴΢УϺȵħĳϡڴˣһΪ覵࣬ħǡ
˵֮ǰЦ⣬˲졣ⷬ쳹ķ˾Ī
ħĵĳϡףǵħʵĴڣ䲻ȴͻȻħ֮СΪߣλڵĸˣȻҪԾһΪ
һ̣ڳǧ֮ڽȻѡδ𡣽ֽΣʵЩʴӡ
ħһȺУԪɫ䡣׳ԼеߣİΪڳŴֻѰ֮˭Ͼǲ伣ħĸˣںæŤͷѰ١ǸԪӻڳŴפأδǰ
ĸۼȺУ̨ʤ̿֡
ڣһ
еĶɫ΢һ֮λʦָϼԼһ۶̣δЩ
Ǿʱڳһϴ󲻽׺쳣뻢ͷɱڵɷʿΨǴӵħʿоλڵĸ׷棬ǡ
Զļ죬Ȼû˵򶨡ȻڶųϵĶȴû⵽Ĵڡ
λһλ׳û飬ֱз
һǾ˵һ˲䣬΢΢㵣漴ӶʮɷڲǿȥʱԭʧȥӰͷһͷԼڵˣתӭȥ
ĳ֮ǰӦ䣬żȻȴ֣Ϊϵı£δʤǰܣܱȻʧľΪˣ뿪ġɨ¾ʯ֮ʣԻ֮ǿշڶħʿһ仰Ҫɻ⡣
˾ٱƵ¶Ҳͬĳ˱䲢δǿӲԴĵĽǰԽ֮һյ֮硣
ǿ֣һζĻرø޼¡ƾʮɺܣһѡȻã˽ǧǣҲˡ˴εľ֮УֻԺ
ֵ˼˼Բ֮ʣи˵ǳˡ
ǲλħĴף˭ˣǡôʱ
һŽӭλѵ˽ǰ
Ϊ׵ߣѻָ˫ĿȻݣĪȴּᡣΪ顣µλףҲ֪䡣
׳֮һǴǰͷɢӣ˫Լ뺷쳣а֮ʵ˲
ңʮȥһɨĻȻݡ
ƲͣЦֵܣɻǵáһΪ
żŵӦ
һֹ˹ȴֹνһΪؾеһŵֻҪգԷҪôݼħʣҪôȡħ֮λʱһѡ񣬸ڷܣһ˵£ֻΪպ·ʡŵעţʱ۽ա
ʱգǿ˫ȻתΨһֵҵǣд˽ٿԶȹǰѹأ
һȨ⣬Էһоȴǲ£һ˦֣漴ЦЦ̧ۿȥ
֮⣬һſվ
ȵҶǰʱ
ƿڴʦͽȻģӡ
ǰˣԭض졣
Ͽ˫־ǰΡԼΪħĵĳϡײİѼ䣬ԷȴĿˡһһԭħĵĸ֦Ϸһǻ⡣¹ħµȨֺαˮء
ź룬۹ħĵĳϡ³ɽʵϡ˾һΪǷ˼ҲСдǿԮǴ鷳ǿоЩʲôá
ҶɫЩɷף΢΢Щҡ˵ʦֱµĹ޸ɣһ·ΪʦܵԼֻ̡ǡֻȻҪħ͸һϺͿˡ
ֺһͷ䡣һȴû뵽˵ͻȻµͷѽҡƾǼϼһ߸ϣⱲעûз֮ʱ
ʦ棿ߣ߲Сڡ
۽ǳ鴤£һڳԶ񣬻ǰǰеľ˵һƳתķЦǺǣ֪ҵʦ˼Զ߾֮Ϊմӣִħħ쾭壡仰һ٣޿ֵؿǰֵλϡλףɽ޵ȴ֮ǰ˾˼ʦ̻壬кϻ˼ҵ֮ӡʣʦ֮˵ִӺ
һϯоݣ͸żı׳էȻħĵλλףֱ˽Ѭ֮ͽ֮
˿ҵİλϻ飬ַ룬ЦҡͷĺҺ޳ܣƽ
һ˦ȥ
һӰƾչ˳
һλüӣƣתʮһͷתֻ̻̲ĵС
Žдʣסһգһڡ
Ȼ߳Ƕͽıо¡
ΪؾĹ³ϡְأʹؾ٣ֻôǰѰ˵䡣һȻ黫ȴЩֶΡڱ֮£Ѱ˿˭δתѱȬܻ׽
ħʮףеڵΪϡȻʣ˾λȴһǾþĥѵĸˡȻؽħǣȻб֤֤ڣƱҪûм֮ǳ׼ҪŻ
ȻĹˣǿԶΡͷһ࣬ӲͷƤҪ˵
ǡڴʱЦǺǣľ֮£󲻹ƣ󲻵áڿ𣬻ǣ硣ˡȻϺһЩķ俴ķֵѣ룡ħǷԼǵѡڽ񳯣
һ˦ٲȾλˣתʮľҶ˼ȥԭֻ¾Ͽڳɲ
֮ͬʱħһԼڵȺУȻʮλĸ֣Ȼ׷ߡе̨ʤٲݣԷֶɱڡܿصʿ֮ǰ֡һ̻̺ˣһơڳµǧ֮ڣһȻ
˲䣬ҶȻۼ˰λ֡ž˸һ˼š
˴˽ЩֲŴڴˣ˷ʤѶԷϾΪħʵĵմӣݷͬСɡʶҪһͳħġħǣռݵں󻼡˭ԣʣһιûʵĻ֮תĸ¶ʱ˿̣Ƶóѣ
Ͼ룬ͷǰ


1284 ʱ
ʲŻǽŶһתۼ񰲾
ҶԼ˵ȥڳǧ֮ûԼһȿֱֺŻľӵȥ
ǰһƬҡ
ΣϿȻ˲ࡣһӣĵʮ˷ɱֳŻͷĶٻһתڳ
ܣҵѾۼһȺʿ
ʦֵܵˣѼ͡
ȴڴԶһӰɫԳɡƬ̣Ǵ˷ȥСںģһʱܲȴ¹ءʾ䣬״
յ󣬺ĵǧ֮ڲ඼СһͷԭΪȺ󵹸ħʿһ̻̲֮⣬мֹɵӰҴܡ
һֵ΢ǣڱ
һķζҡҡͷ꣬ͻȻתȺħǵʿӶ˫֡һĹӰɳȻѣһľϲл䲻ΪȻЦЦ۹һƳ˵ѽ⣬Ա㡭
ġʮλħʿһɧȴûȥм˲ŽȺη۷еھ˵Ϊħ֮ҵȡ
ֹ̬ͣеҲ͸ų⡣
ǳ׼Ⱥʿ󵹸꣬Ź棬֮ʱʸһñӻձǸ޼ҿɹ³ڶԷܷΪħ֮ħĳϡ׵ӵһл
һеľԼβš˵Ķ⣬סǺЦɫζƵʿˮһʱȨ֮ơĳûշ£ⴴš˵ˣʮɾҲ޴Ӱá
ħ֮ʱգ
ڵ˲ԣЩ޴롣
ڴʱԶлԪӡ
һӰڲԶǻã¶˾ġһļƣԽȺʮ⹪һ񣬴΢΢ĻֵԪﲻˡ𷣡
뻢ͷһ󣬸ɱ˵ļһţٲȥġв⣬ֻܵź򡣸ϴһоôļ򵥡ĵǧ֮ȻϴȴǰĪҪ׳ƣԱճΪħ֮
һƣһʿΪǲ
һԶջ۹⣬ѭǸͷˡδ⣬ʵԪӣ˲ǲɼ֮Уοұۣβ׷ȥ
˫տݵӣǶڴɵΪ䲢ǱˣԪӡؾһ꣬ħ֮ٴν档˴֮䣬ҲԨԴ
Ԫ۹΢̧ס̾Լұֺۣ˵ǡæֵͷصѻڹ£ֻΪͶ
һЦЦɷ
Ԫ촽һͷĲ˵𲻼ǰӣ³ϻ̳Ͽ֣һ٣˫־ٹͷȻȻֵԪֻ£һǡ
һʿ˵ǷͶЧԼ
ڵ˽Ԫӵһһɵð˿ͻȻַħǵڶʿæԵȥˣȴû˽ħĵĳϡ׵ĻϡǰﶼͶϣɼͶͥǡʱҲλǰ﾿ǻľϣǺ͹ֻͬͼֻһʱ˵
Ԫӣ֪Σ
һűϹϾԪӣͷм˷ǵĸпûдӦԷĹ˳Īһ䡣
֮䱾ԹֻŶթɼΨгΪǿ߶ܲʧҡԪԼڵ˿ħɱΡΡɽпʸӻĳ˵Уһ͹ʯͷǡñŰˣħǣԼй
Թɫ⣬ΪΪԪͷһȻֱŵ˫ƽֱҹмӣæص¶ԾȻ֪٣Ϊ³ϵǼ꣬Ҳ˵δԡһΪȻתտܣŷ˵Ϥֻǳ춯żٽһأκڽĶ࣬ɾµʿ׿ָԶеţʾһʮꡢʮϰ꣬ûתйȻգȴҲԵ⡭
Ԫӿһ˵ħѷǽʿ䱸ҵֻҪ߳΢ǣؽҡ֪Ҫڴ˴ǡܵż䣬ʧ裬벻Ĵ֮УȴǴӸּ²⡣ʶ仰˵һ룬ǲԶδ֮ǰħǵһվɡĸˣƳͨ裬ʵѽħǱһ޴
һԪӵ飬ŶԷ˵ÿһ仰תΡʵľҲҶıƣ⣬ǾעѪȷ磬ٲ˼ءԼ֮Գٳûжаεһ֪
һԪӣԼļδԡ
һ˼Ƭ̣ٳɣʮȴȺ˵ĳΪħ֮Ȳѡˣɡ˻عɵذ˰֣ĳͬУǾʹ˵Ⱥλ㡣ԪйϽԼ֮𣡡ֿңüһЦλֵܣһΡ
ͷ˰β£ʱ޺شЦȻɽ𺣣һǰ
ǵ߳͸ȻɱӦ
ԪɫȻԳҡƣʶʱΪܡȻŽͶϹ˳㱻ίԹΡ֮ǶȻܲˡһʢתŲԶʮλħʿȵʮΪӣƾһλִ£˴ǰҺӦ汾Ϊ𱣼ݻΥϳͲ
ڵ˽ܹ꣬нֹĹأԪԸѷֳ岦ƾһλΪߵĳΪִ¡˷Եѵãû˭Ըԭءת֮䣬װļƣ
һЩ⣬ɵóЦŵ˵ͷɼﾡţ˾áԪȻͶأȴһǴԣ뻢ͷֱǰ
Ԫֻö֮һɨգ־ֱһӣٴɫطԸڣΪ˵ȣǲ
ʮӰ΢عž


1285 
һ㣬ʮ˼һǰ
һ˲䣬ʱűʧڵΣʵǰ
ɴСһڣΪ̾Ͷ覡ɴ˻ϰֱˣɻԲ֮״ֵ񷶥һϸĹӵǳк£ɽݻӰ˾治ѶһʱŪ״
ݴ翪ʱѴڡŲвͬ˾龰ֱ֣Ϊɽ硢Ͻ硢¡硢硢硢΢硣Ǿ춯еԵʶʶе飬޴ӵ֪
Ⱥ֮ǰԪһֵվһйؾĴţȴԲ˵һ㣬ǵĹ֮£ʵк֮
һ׹ɫɻ
һ㣬֮ǰʱ뵱֪ͬǽƿԵʣν¡кĹĪǾͨȥ·
һͷͫ˸µש޷϶Ũ̫֮Ϊ֮ϡɼܣвʶäӡ֮ʣͷǵȵòͷˣ˳ֽڼϣǧ˶ûˣ顣滢̽·
ԪӶԻͷϤȴֵ֪ܡĸˡ
״ԪӼæ¸Ϊǰ仰ųڣԷߵʮ⣬˲ʱʧǵ΢΢Ĺâ֮Сһ׳Ӱ˹ȥգ֮Ҳûˡ΢΢һ޴롣˳˴ͷ󣬵ȥ޷
һûŻͷҲ֪ԪӼ˷Ըһ֮󣬲Ųæ̧ͷǵâ
Ԫٲʾ⣬ʮǰһڶУһӰʧ

ƣ򲻴
һ֮Գٳٶ֮࣬ǲ뵽ħĵķ֮СοһĻսթľڻ񡣿˵֮׳ʣԶԶϡ
յǷǷǡԹԹ벻һ֡ڴ֮ǰ˵ġʾԵøΪҪҶǱϿ޲е
ʶȿֺ׷ȥĳұˣһͷǰ㣬ѪȵԭҰݷپػɱʱ
ʱɼ
һ̤âһ˲䣬һǿ֮С֮ɲǣ⻪ĿƼͬеԳ֣ȻһԶš֪˫ץȴμ׹һɫá
֮󣬷Ƽ
죬·ޡеľûˣȡ֮һƬɫءķޱ޼ʣȴʯҰĿֳҵڣʹ˲òת
һȻ˦žŵâָʧһӰͨˤ¡
Ǿɽ磿Ǹڻ̲²֮ԣʶ裬ֻܿǧԶΪ¡뻢ͷԼµȥ˺η
һأЩ֪ҡҡͷֹһεĴɾʶȻþ档ǳ׼֮УͬǽǬұ仯֪ˣֹ뻢ͷçײԸǶֵ
ʮ⣬ԪʲͻȻңϾܸ֫ǡ׹֮һӲַʯϡ˵ƾǿްʹһȴԱ⡣
л⡭
ԪӳһлæֻҶ̧ͷɳࡢƣƻհ龰ֶķտǲڵʮλħʿӰĿ㵣æۣ漴ΣҪɵд̽һŽʮɣͻȻȥ裬ҡΣȴϡ
һѽܵοͷ˵סԪʾСǬ󣬷ԲڡӵѰǰС
˴ƹʵķн硣νؽƣΪʱ򲢷ΪޡһϾӵйһɽ磬̹֮ǿ󡣵þ֮ٴþ֮Уǽȡ
ԪأֺõΪˣʶǳ
һ̤ʵ˼˳˼ʯͷȻʶ裬ҷްֻҪܿ߿սƣʩչΪͨͷԪӣԳ껹µͽ
Ԫ¾ᣬƤһ£żη壬ġ
һһƲ׽͸ЦǺǣĳϲУݲÿķǡѰһǰȥͷҲصֵ伱ҲǸαӣ
Ԫ£޴롣ԷǰͬλһôҲһָ룬ڲûж⡣˿׷ȥأݷˡնУҲȿݡ
ɫĸڻ̲Ƴǧ֮Уƶֳҵ͡䣬ϢĻ㱡Ϊߣ֮Ԫ̫֮Ĵڡ龰ֵľǴ˰ģʵľ֮ϾΣҲ˭˵а˲֮࣬;ŽʼֻΣĪ֮⻹Ī⡭
Ƶ£޼ʵĻУӰһǰһӵؼС
һʱȥɡĵǧ֮ԼˣȻ١
һ˫ֱ֣ƬµĵƣȴơԪҡҶϴκһ쳣
ǰʱȥԶӡ
һֻ꣬·һСٿԽ£һ뼴ĸԼӦĶԲߡҴ˵ѷ̫ķôûһ·ȥʵҲ˵֮ͬҲ羰
ֵİΣӦ뵣ġյѷͬڣټϻͷı뺷£Ӧ⣡
ĵǧ֮ھܸûӰĸ߲㣬ǻԵڡ˵֮ͣĪǱĲʾ֮񾭡䣿Ҳ٣ĳı˭ߡ֮ĳҲǿ󡭡
ԪӼһֻĬĬ·񲢲ԶĶֻʮֵĽ˿иѲǹȥͷ½ħʷΰҵ֮ʣԼ׷沢Ϊ幦ֻݣǰ;ܳΪߴڣֻϧʮδӹ̣ܽ㱻һ紵ûˡ
ԪԳ־вȻͷȥֵǧ֮⣬Ӱٿšæֹסȥƣҿ仰ųڣס¡
ǧ֮˻ɶûУ˿ʲô
Ԫ̬գ˫ۡ
ʲŷ֣ΪξͲˣ
ԪɫΣȻǸһפδ𣬷°һ˦ת˹ȥ룬æǰͷ
ǧ֮Զ
Ԫǰɣֻ̽ߡе·ȴͻȻʧ𡭡


1286 ɽ
ԪӺӰȻ׹档
һ⣬Ҳû뵽֦Ӧ伫죬ߣӰ磬ֵ˳ƻӳŵâǰȥɲǣȴȻͣδ
ȥɡǰΣһĿȻ
΢΢¡Ҳ۵µأȻкݣʮɿҲ̣ٲȻһ֡׹еԪѲֻʣڽץһʯоŵâΪһڹߣñֱ״׹Ƶ߰һǰҡζɫ졣
ǰֻԶȴǺ˽¡ɫʯң赲ʶ֮档˭ϻ֮УȻաѹԪӻʧ䣬ǹ֮знΪĹ졭
һŽ׹ԽľŵԪż׹֮أʮֶڰϾٴ죬˫㡣Ӳʯꡱѣʱ̤硣ʯ֮ʣ͵ǿӱۺ
֮˲䣬ը죬ǿľŵȻһһ̱ϡ
ȫΪȻһԪӣ
ڣתǾʹ˷Ԫӱؽڽӣ
һûɣͻȻһɫӰӰ˲仯һֻĴȻǰץȥ䲻ݻȺ̤һ˫ȵ𡪡
ڴɲǼ䣬һӰٿȻ漴֡ͨˤڵϡԪӣɫ԰ףڱѪ֫ΪǱ
һֱ˫ʯм֮СŷɫӰٿȻعڡɫ⡣ǹֵ·ʲô
Ԫӷٺݺˤһ£Ϣءұ˲޴󰭣³һѪ֮󣬶پ࣬ȴδЩѵסͷæǰŲΨֱ֮ӡԶŲתһףпֵ֮飬ڡо֮Ψ౨
һ뿪̤ʯӣ˹ߵ֮⡣Ž˴εظʹϢҾٲά衣ҹ˵䶯౨ģ
Ԫ׵л̻塭
һɾСؾͽͻȻ˶ڵĸ֣Լӵħ֮Ԫӿ˵תô˼顣ǶԷʩֶΣ಻ضáĪĻĿ⣬ȻεĻ̿֡
һ˵ߵ˹ֵĽǰ
ûµص赲һʮĳɱ¶ԶȥңңͷʮɿĻڣֳҵ˼γһڵУֳܵȻֱ¡ΪǣϿȰĹ׸ɺԹѣϳ𡭡
һԼӸĿȻ֮䣬Ȼϥ
һλλӣ俴İȴԺĵʿɣ̧ͷĮȻ͸ž˵ĲԶһѪģʬǺľΪˤĳ֮ǰԪӰζΪ˹ʡ
ԪǽٺȻ֪׵ΡŲһԣ·һۣ̲סȱʧ㣬β跨
̾صҵ׹֮ʱشգȴѰ·Ϊʣ޼Ҳظ
գԪӾһ漴Ȼݣȴѹȥ֮áɼб𣬽졭һʾ£ֵȻ޷ôȡ㣬³ǡ
׵˲Ǹƣر˫ۣڲǾһ޹֮ءֻӴ˴еعǶڵĸҲҪ޲ߡû˵꣬ǷϵȻ̾ˣǧꡢ꣬Σһ壬ֻʱҹδ롭
Ԫӻȴֹ
û˻ὫһǵϡǰνعȴͬԨ²ʮɣȴ졣λ֪ڽӣѲʱʡһΪˣʵҹɫҲ˵ڵ
ԪӲɵò׿һԣɫһ˿ҡʲ
һʼĬĬһԲѱ˫ۣλͬļįֱƲɫ
ǧꡢΣꡢææµµΪʹ̢վңѰɻ󣬷ˡȥѰһΣ¹佭ĸпҲջͷ¡ֻʱҹδ롯Ļ
ĳҲͬһ·ϱǧ꣬ûʲôͬʱ˿̣Ǹøпǻأ
ĳ˴̾ǵķûնףȴն˺쳾Ժ󣬲ںδĳĽ¼Ϊ£Ǻ쳾ߡ
һٴεͷһĸɪҴݵӰһſԪ˵ʹȥг·Է޴󰭣һ仰ѭŵعǰС
㷨ǿβ֡Ԫӻû˵֪꣬ʧԣ˿ڣæ䱾Ҫʾһ־ˣԱЮ׳֡էһ룬ЩǷסن£ҩ£ִ´󼲲˹ȥ
һûԪӣһǰһԶĶǷľĸùʿû֪Ԫӽ󣬽ȴ࣡˾δԶ빵ߣΪȡڸΪҲް
ʱһڹͣԪפ㸩˿ں
ֳ塢λѵʿһɫȻּį
һԵ飬·
ԪӽͣżĬĬСѿƽߡ
һ·֮ϣָ̳ʿǰ²а֮ࡣЩû˺ȣİһϢĿļįϵ˲ٳҲͣ¹ʮɣȴͬİ·۱˴ˣ;С
㣬֪ǰչȥ
һ޼ʵĸڻ̲ͻȻˡǵͬǵҲ֮ʧǰȴبһɫʯɽ䲻ɸߣȴһϣסǰеȥ·
ɽ£һʮɴСʯбб߲Ĵ֣
ڣΪɽ
ʯǰֹ
ɽɽƲվȴݲǴСᾹʯԼ뵵ʹĿĻ͸żĪĹ죡
ҪǰУΨзԽɽ
һ´δ쳣ԪʾˣƹʯɽȥҪգȴ֡ͨء
ԪӻȻɽƣعȻһ塣бȻС
һŻң΢΢üͷ
ɽѰɲǣڵĽƶʱȶ֮أʵ⧲ҷް䲻ʩΪԱݣ
һ̧ҽһ̤漴顱һӲɽʯѿ϶ȴδ֮ǰǰм˼һ˦ͽѭɽȥ
ԪӲҵ̧Ÿϡ
һǰһߵúɽʯķ϶Ѱϡһʱ֮󣬽ɽԪӹ˲ûǰҪǸԶȥʮɣͺͺͻȻһĽ⡭


1287 й
Ԫɫһ䡣
֮ǰ޲ͻ״
ԪӲ룬ּһڹ⣬ȴûףƱ˶ء䡱һ죬ĺɫʱϮĽ֮ʧܾȻ
ͬʱɽ´ڳӰ
Ԫӷһŵڴ仰δ䣬顱һײһâ϶һǡڲԶͣ£˽Ƶ֡δȣȻȣ𡭡
ɽ֮ϣΪһΪ͵ɽ£һɽҪԽɽҪӴ˾ʮɴСĽƷµ֮ͨ䡣ôһط˷ģ
һʱֹûԪӵĺȡοԷ赲Ӱңȴеĺʹפűһλ˵˵ͷȻ롭
ˣΪڵΪΪ׵ߴ󣬶Ũܣͱ뺷Ȼ˵΢΢һ漴һӡλͬᣬ˲󷨵ʮɢԾɽߴ֪䡭
ԪĹâǻһʱˣΪ磬˴ʮɶ¶š
һ۹ӹǸ룬ֿ˿ĸɺΧ֮Ƶ׳δŴ𻰣ǲŲæؽϽ«һڡԻζϵС«ûˣ۹б˵Ҳ֪䣬֪
Ӹ£ɫɻ
һ˵ȼٽľȲΪҰޣʵµӥȮһ٣ۺ΢ֵʵ˵ɣǷרΪĳ
һйһڤ֮УȴǾѽǸػӡľǰǣһԺɲλͬ黻˸ɫĨ˰Ũܵĺ룬ɱڵ˵ҵ;ҪֻΪԸһ˹ȻͬСɡ
һһƲɫĮȻҶȻһȴûĳ˸ˡԲ飬еǶ˼ֱֵ˴æΪƣйơ
ֱһ̧ץһɷƵĺɫԲ֮˲䣬ԶλͬҲ編Ч¡ֵԲߴСڹɱɭȻ޿ֵسȵұܿȴ㲻ֵ˵Χ˴ƾУʤδ֪ı󡭡
ı޷Ѫɷˣ
ħʵĳϴ׾֮ʣǶԴƾλڵĸ֣Ҫɱĳˣƾвּۻۣǲ֪ν
һЦЦɫڽλߴ׳·˵ҺơȴȻ˵ͷ˵ĳλֵܱڤ˶ʮŰıȴΪף֪򣬷ٴǵĳ˵ͷϡ
ΪȻػӶеԲ˵Īһڡ
ǡڴʱԶͻȻ䡱һ졣һλԶǰȴȭ͵Ϯͷ­ʱҰըḺ̌ȥʧȥӳֵԲ˲ʧ֮˲䣬֮һƿնһ
Ŀɿڴš֮䣬λµλͬ鼱ȴָãȻ޴롣Ķԭأ˭͵Ϯ
ǡڴʱһͻȻһ¡˺ԭȴƾջһӰɺˮ籼סȥ֮죬ĿϾ
뾪֮ʣһӰɣһѵ֮⣬˳һѪ⡣ŰɱȻͷȻʹ˲ҵֵɫ䣬ݺݼеԲѪ֮Уһʮɵ޸ɽ

ըѪաŭХ
ԲŽ֣˲˺󣬾״һλڵĸ֣ԭܵ³˭϶ԷȻ֮ǿбɱ
ڴ˼ʣǰɵľ޸ȴ֮΢΢һ١
֡䡢䡱촫µλͬӦѪɢ䡣͵ػعſһѪգ֮䣬ӰʧһƬĽɫѪ֮СʮӰ׷ȴѰ١
ֱʱһ󳶳ӰΪһ壬ȴδȥ̧ͷɫ㵡
ζ˸ħɢѪɽʮɵľ޸֮ҵƽɢħӡӡһҪѴϵĽơ̫ͨǿԾʩչд⣬һʲʩչط棡
⣬Ǳɱ֮ʣһ߲ײѪֱʡ
Ƭ֮ͣµڣƹȻԪӵĶ
һķȻʧ䱾Ȼ˫üǳɻɽɽתһȦȥϵʬȡöǬӡ
ڵɽҲɽɽӸһƬãҲͷ
ǻ͸ŵѪ⣬һ¡ʹѹټڵĳ޴ѵѹơɽ»޼ʣʯҰȥ·Ī⡭
һصɽķǰ
û˷ļӳ֣ʮɷԲһƬâȥѴǰ
һվȭһաһСɵӰȻֱֵ֣֮ϡƣɷǲϸƣдһɫ֣֮Ϊһ壬پǧڳΪ˽յǾꡣ޵һƷշ磻ҲԸ豾ķ
˵ɴԲ֮
һԶ꣬ȭǰȥӰѱ۶ȥȻһѸ͵Ľ⡣
֮ɲǣ죬âըѣĽƷʱ̼¶ԪӵӰݵϴžϲ飬ֲʵǼȥ˺δ
һأȭͷֱϵĽɫüһӣ
Ԫæ߼ס
ʲⱻʵΡǿʧɱ̴档ɣ˵رȻһҵ
ԪٴգңתֱжĻ
һȴóϽ«һھƣһ綯ɱ֮ǰĵȻݡһ߻ζҰھƵľһ߽«䣬˵²ٺôϲçײֻʳʱĪĳ飡԰գһ˦תɽ¡
ԪȻһȻԼȣǰв⣬ȴĿɱ޹Ĩ˰Ѻ룬ĬĬҡҡͷ漴һԵ뿪ɽ
һǰһӰڻдС
˹ȥһգҵŨҡһգǰӭ
һŻȥƣ
ԪľʹͣЪϢֳŲš繦δͽٻӦ䣬ûȤĪĬĬУĵض
ǡڴ˼ʣмӰԶ
Ԫһգپһ񣬲˼رӭ˹ȥ𡭡


1288 ˶
֮⣬ĵӰڿ񱼲ֹ
λòӣΪ쾳ĸ֡ǰһˣˡˣڶ׷ᡣ
˵Ԫӽܴ֮²š˾̲סӭ˹ȥ
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ʶԪҪ־ˣҪһɨ֮ǰĻҪǰؼֵֶ棡֮ʣǣæԱⴥˡ²Ľɡ
һǿ̱֮խ֮ˡԪδ˵ͷ漴פ
ԪӶʱ˵Ȼӿ졣ֳ̧һѷɽȵηС¡
׷ת֮ѵ˶ʮ֮⡣ǡڴʱħʿȻ֧и漴㵹һƬ֮С׷ɱ˲Ž֣ǲתӡ
ԪӴŭ׷˭ͻȻֿӴܣҶݷ졣΢΢һͽɱе飬Է񱼡ҪתȻԶȥˣ˭Ҳá
⡭ɶ񣡡
ԪӺ޺һڣֻͣԼΪҪ׼һȥ׷ݶԷѡκĪ⣬ʵֻðա
֮⣬λɱʿźѪ£ǴĿġ
ԪӱܿǶǽ壬εľУת˵Ϊصޣ¡Ҫ֮˱ɱȴΪʹü˼ٴ˿աпԭò˵䡣Լܣϳɽ
һԭع޹֮⡣ԶĶתɵسԪ³һ֣׷
Ԫ΢΢һΪѵ˸ȥָ׷ϡ
һȴٶ˵λأ漴ֱԪƮ˹ȥٽԷȻȻֿӴܣо֮ʱֻ׷һ
Ԫӻû˵꣬æ˹֣תͷǰС
˷ȥʱķ򡭡
չ󣬽µƽߡȥһʱǰзͻأ𡣽нһɽסȥ·
һߴǧɵɽ޼ʡͨɫԶԶȥȼеͨ棬Ϊ׳۹ңеơ
Ԫһɽ֮£Ȼɽǰ֮óȻա
һԽɽ£
ԪӺз֣ʾҿ
һŲæصԪӵǰԪӵ̧ͷ
ǧɸɽǶվʶǿɼǻɽ֮ϴݲҹʯмӰڳɫԼҡΡ
һ۹һĨѪɫƬ̣˵֮ǰ˵ʿɢûȻ°һ˦Լֵɽ
Ԫæٳɽ֣ǰǰŽԾһɽʯȻһ֮ܵ˳͡æ壬ʾ𣡴˴ɽη·ؽƣɴް
һǰͽɽ
ܵĳɫֺ̣һƮĵ棬ǹ͸ĪɭȻһ°׹ƽȥ̤ɽʯͬһ١εظʹԾȡֹޣڷȴתްֻɽû·ѰٶС
һԪСɷɽƳһۣҡͷ
֮£ͨǷɽԱݣҪ˵ʤȴǴ޶ĻĳǸϧˣ뻢ͷڴ˴ֵ߳ɷΪɱڷԲ֮ڳѰԵһ﾿ȥʲôطΪγٳٲ
һ̧۴ȥ漴һݣƮȻ֮ϣ֮ʺǴݲȣмֵ꽭ֵķ緶꣬飬ȥ硣
ԪУҲɡϾΪʿԽһǧɸɽӦòڻ¡伱֮䣬ģԲǰһ˽ýȻδʹЩԲλࡣȴ֪ԷϰҴꡣ׿ΪᣬҲķĸ֣
һ֮˵˰ɽ
֮Уһλ쾳ߴʯְֻݵλǰǰ۹һλ˵ϣæ㷲صͷȥǰĿáҲ˵һһĴ˲ʶ˲
һ̧ͣ۹ƮиӰζ
Ԫһԡ˿ڴŲԶߣɵڴ˹кͼ仰䣬ͻȻһֱ˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬æ˭϶ԷⲻֱĴʯȥ״æĵǰ顭
ԪѴӴʯ߲мһˣһ߾֣ЦǺǣ˴Ȼá
һѭȥɫꡣɻ֮ʣԪѽ֮﹧ϣϹŻ̷дԪĹЧСС⣬Цɡ
ߺǾɥȻһ̾ﲢǴԪ˼򵥣бٻáѰٶʱ񵹺áֻϵùҶ˵תȥ
һ̯ƣӹԪӷ֮һСӨ͸ӯӯΣɷǾ֮ȴĻֱ͸ʹһݡ׿ô˵ڴ˻ؾ㽿۵Ļţѿ桭
ԪӼһŻ֣ɿʧʱѵ𣡴ＫΪá
һûӦ۹һƳʧȻԶʧ֮С鶯ǣɫĪҡҡͷȴҲδܾԪӵĺ⣬˳һϻװԽƷ档
״ԪӻΪһϡأ뵱Ȼسŵд˺ã¾ܶѰ
һϻбԪӣʵ㵱ǿС֮Ȥ
ԪɫһûȤΪҰϧмӣ
ĳиСѾͷѰȺã˶ѡ
һһ䣬תɽƽʵصĻԼȻľֹǸֳԶڼеЩ塣˶ѡ
ԪӳһıӰĬĬעӣֻѲ⡣
ɽӰࡣλֵĵԶӰԻҡ
һԪڵɽǰȻʡ
Ʈ쵴֮Уǧʿɢܡһɽۡ±ǻɫֻ̻޴롣Զİ֮⣬һĻб񷡭


1289 
ɫɽɫ̣гĻӳ͸˰񷡣
ҵ¶ӿ棬̵ϼɶҫ˫
һأԻͶأ
һԪ̤ɽۣʱΪһа档ǰ֮ǵ⣬ٲݶĪ⡣ӰǻԾԾԣȻǱסȥ·Īǵ˾ľͷֻɴ˶ϣɵִϽ硭
˹֮ʣԪӺʲôæָԶ˵ݴ֮䣬йͨġסֵֵֵ֮֮ĵֵ֮ĵ֮𽻻ɡΪգ߲ҿƾ趴ΪҲԽѡɾСŶˡڳȻ״мʶؽ˵档лףл֮߳ⶾҩͬһɾСΨѰñٻĻܼǰС
Ԫӻ˴ڨڨΪֺһָɳĹ˵Լû»ȴǶϾһλɾСĻԵ˵ȥѿ
һԪӵĿл֪˴˵صĴΣĬĬ˵ͷڶԷ˼û⣬Դǻ֮󣬱ɢʶԶӰ
ԪӲԹɫ̲סֵ𣡾֮࣬Ҵ˴֮ͬ⣬ĻԵڴˡȻֶŵǸ·Ҫ˵һ룬㵽ΪֹϳɳصģһЦ
һ˲ԪԲ²⡣ֻҪ׿˽ΪǵľദҲ򵥡κԪӵС۶һЩʱ䷳
ʱһСȺ˴ɽ±˹Ϊ׵Ǹˣһ⣬æ󲽵˽ǰֵֵѡ߳£Ź񣺡֡𣡡
Ұɽȵľȵ˸Դżλеɾ֣Ƿ糾͵ģ
һִ̧˸кŶ˺ЦʵӺζ
ͣ£ش˿ڴһư䱶οôһͬѣ˴Щ顣˵뻢ͷҰɽ⣬ȴﲻڼԷΪԷͬСɣ̸ֹȴȻôƽֳ͡ʾ£˵ҵգѶɣͼѰȥ·ȴһŻת
һԸ͵˵˵еĻбٻ֮ܣȴѱһաҵֻͽͱ
һž񣬰οԵǿ󡭡
˷׷׵ͷΪȻԵ۹ȴ͸Ųʵɫ뱦˭Ҳʹֹеתһԣֹ⣬ֳ£˵ֵԣԵҰɽħǣ֪ܷȫ
һûٿ΢ƲһҪѰҿɽˡ
ԶԪĬĬԹۣԤյΣϽڣħ⡭
æΪƣ
һͻȻû˺ѵ£ϵλˡħĳ޹أһƹԷѭɽֱԶжȥ
Ԫг˼֮УȻѹ
λȻԼڵħʿβû֣ħ޹ء
ԪˤĪ漴Ҵ뿪ԭء
û뵽һ̧žҺףЩ֪롣
ҡҡͷԹʲﲻװֻһӣֺαἰħأ
ץ룬ԡ
ת֮䣬һѱȥʮԶ
ɽ֮ϣȻڶʿʱһ࣬һǰûرܡɽһ࣬Ϊ¶ϱڣгʹ˲׿
ȥʮʮɸߵһʯ·֮ǰĲԶǾۼʮλɾڵʿһѶɫ塣
һ·Ԫ
ʮʿж˵׷ʯϵĹּһĿȻ
ԾɽɽͬһΪһΪ
ǧ֮⣬Ϸաϻ죬ſաǿʯͬסȥ·Ҳȥ˼ֻ˵ıƣ
һ۹Ѳ߮ûнǰУ˼ȥʮɣ¶ǰϼơãã֮УϮһʱ֮䣬Ī⡭
Ҫ·Ϊ˷羰ԪӴһıӰסơʮڹһȺʿתмСĵ²˳١
һԶջ۹⣬漴Ͷµ¡ǻױͨǽĺ蹵뵽˴תӦĳҪλֵܣ㲻С令巨תǣҷӲʵϹ⻪ֶȻһ˫Ũüµӣϼ˸˸ȻĪ⡭
ԪͷһţЦǺǣļңĪ֡һ䣬ԲΪȻдߣҲ֮ˣ쳾Ͼﻹʲôֵܽáˮ
ڴ˼ʣɽӿһȺӰΪλƤ׾ӣֳַɽɱ̴档Ķʮη·𣬶ˣƣģ
ԪӻͷһƳæתڣݼ
ħǵһȺʿȴֻʣԭİеȻһԪӣæɽ󲽳˹в޾ϲؾְݵ𡢳ϡ˸żһȻɫҡ
һ΢΢üԪѲٴɫʵȺ٣ʵ
ӦصɽѶɣѰٱٻıͬŵѻһλԶ˿ŵ˭ҵȲ񣬱ᣬɱ롭תܣ޺ǰԽȥȻߡ
ԪУȻĪл֣
ڵ˵ͷӦʵҡ
Ԫָ룬ƿ졣һֱûǲʮʱ
ͻȻתһ˵뻢ͷλǰ׷ɱ֣Խȥ
һɫ΢۹͡ˣԪӸʢ̧߳ǰ
ڲԣæ˺ֵ¾ʵ
һǺ¶һĨЦݣº˵ڣټʧɢѣЯԡѪ飬ʵͿ๦ߣԪӡڵ˰һ۹ƳԪӣתԸÿʹͰٿʯ
ûС
ԪӲһ˵꣬ɫһʧ֡һ˰ٿʯʮ˾ǧ顣ͺôûãҪҡ
ϲѣҪлԪȴѲϣ˶ʱ޴
һЦݣɫ
Ԫ۹һΪѵʵò
һδѣ̧˦ĸǬ䣬ʾ˷ˣʹ͡ٶ˵תУգ֮ԾǿʮɸߵĴʯǰ죬ŭ


1290 ʵ·
ǻף
ɽϷ֮ϣһϸĻб񷣬ڿգɷεΪ׳ۣĪθǾˣԾϣܵоȻƾ裬ǡΣȴʵ·
һڷڵлɣɵͣҡҫܵĹâԱݡȻˣܸܵصڱʹȻзֺ⣡
մοޱٻ֮Ҫ˳ԽףһڵĸֺȥΪ⡣ڣͬԽҡһޡ
һת漴һĹâ֮ϡ˾ٿѰȴأǽڱ澡֮⣬Ҳ̫Ϊ
볢ɷ׻壬ǲˡ£н
һ΢̣ת
֮⣬ԪӡϹһĻ巨䰲Ȼȴɫ㷡ĲԶʳ˻ڵˡһʮλٺħʿĳâ͸⸩Ȼ˻ɽɽΨһƬܡ
ǡڴʱɾڵʿ಻ססʱŰ¯С˺ڲתҪأλ巨Һգۼʬ޴桭
ԪڵĿò״һ޲ݡ
һǻͫ˸ɫȻưѪ˲ʧʧ˼Ƭ̣ٲ飬ת̤ϡԪӼæʾ⣬ڵȴӦ
ף֮һʱͻ䡣ĿϾ֮ʣ죡
桢ʧȡ֮һƬĿɫ׵֮£һƬޱ޼ʵıҫĺӳķˡгǵĺХٲ粽ĩա
һأꡱһ硣Ķˣ̧ʲŻϣתۺءתʵ˼ǰⷽڣǾϽ磿ˣδʧɢ
֮ͬʱʮӰ׹ֱ£̶顱Ԫһƨˤڼϣϡһæڵ泯죬θΪǱ
һͷһƳתͷµļ죬͸ǶȻʹϢٻתķ󣬺ƽڡѹ֮£ʶ磬֮ǰΪ
ԪվΣһƨɣһ߽ס˸ս꣬ľأȻƣж㣬δԽããԭ
ڵħʿҲһ಻ԡϵıٻâֱʱɢ
һ̧أ£ݵĽӡϽ«һ߾ˮȴٿȻᣬ漴֡顱һ˲仯š
֮أˮѴ桭
Ԫŵһľٶɵþһͽ˵ȴ´򻬣֮ͶӦǡͨһſڵϡæ֫ҡζľ̬
һλĸ֣ͻȻһѧĺͯˤҼΪı׾ǽ̾ΪֹزˮѴ棬ཫ˴ԭΡ֮ɴ˿ɼһߣ
ʮ֮⣬ڵɫŹ֡Ԫʹ͵һ˶λԷĹ³ϱЩ⡭
һЩش˫սսԪӡ꣬΢֣תЦЦ˵ƣΪڡأ
仰ʵǽ˼ƽ羵޴ֻƾΪƣʵжȣҲѡڳĶǻǧʿ
ԪվˣɫЩѿ˵鼱ʧ̬Цˡ
һ˵۹һӣתʵ˭֪˼·
ͬԪڣԼڵ˽ҡͷ֪
һΪȻƲƲǣתԶ
ķ˸ƼΪƽ̹׿ʶãԶҲһĿȻǧ֮ڣȴѼӰҪ֪ʿǧ֮ࡣĪǽԽȥĲ㣿뻢ͷһ˭ƴɱϴ󲻹ˡ
Ҳ࣬ȥ
һ뵽˴ٴζǰļƬ֮ɫ΢ż㣬˲ѵ֮⣬ȫ޽֮µĳأƮȻǽýˣɷӯѣ
״Ԫӵ۲ѣŲŲʼӲ䲻һȥɣ̤֮䵹Ҳࡣ
Ұããԭ֮ϣһ˴Խĺ֮Сûзֻһ·ǰ
һչȥķɡ
չȥǲͷ
ʮչȥһǰͣ˵Ǳʵһɽ¶ѡɷԲһ¡ƽ̹ıеǼΪĿʮɵߴڷűʯ֮
һ̧۹֮ʣ˽ЪϢ
Ԫӿݵ˫Щ԰ףؿڻ΢΢
Ҫ˹ϮҪȫעŽµıҽʮնûüһ·֮ʵۻˡһΪҲڲ֪ȥɡѰԽ;Լܲܳųȥ
ԪһʯУɵϢ֮ʣͷȣڵ˸Ϊ
Ƕʮλ쾳ɾʿһɫɫ̻̣Ի¹Ų㱡ĺ˪ٲȻΪáǿ֮ĩľءٵ鼸գԭ֮϶˵ͻ鶳ʯͷ
ԪӲмغת˶񣬳ŲԶڱֶһ˵ҵȽ֮䲻ѮգҲйг̣ǸһзҲδ֪˴̲ס붯ߣߵͽԲסһȥࣻȴ˻ȻԭزǰΨŽǱеҲȤ
Ǻǡ
ԪԾæͣ½Ųǡûصԭأȴǹ˲̻࣬ͷŭ߳˭ڷЦ
ʮ⣬һں˪еӰ
Ԫһʱڣֻŭӣһ˦ȥ
ͬʱǶʮλħʿĽӲУֻЦ֡
ԪתǰǵӰֵ𡭡
һûĶ°ڣżһ㡣żһ죬ӰٿȻأ˲ʮɣδƣֱּϣգ֮䣬Ȼ˱ߴ
Ǻֹǳɡħһң
ԪӲȻ֮࣬Ħ򣬲ãæҲ°ڣ編ơ֮䣬ǰ
һ˱֮ϣĿꡣǰһߵĺзĺۼ˿һֺۣģȴҲɱ棺У֮ϸͬž̵񡭡


1291 
ϤǷž֮ϵƶɡ
ͷײΪ軷ƣһĳĤ֮ϣ齵٣ֻнҸɴԽϣǲ컣һƬϾıء
Ī˵ǱԢ⣿ţеԼı仯
оأز֮ͬ⣬ˣ֮졢ɡϡ¡ۡ䡢ࡢࡢ΢˵ϡ
֮νУ֮ϸͬž̵񡭡
ǡڴ˼ʣһһڵص˽ǰ
һ˿תԶĿһɫ󺮳ӹããԭ̡Լӱ֮£ƽ̹ķ
Ԫӽ»ȣæżԵõ鹰˹֣ȴӭһıӰΪȻػ˿Ȳ̽ӡָ꣬룬ɻӦóԸ֣֮п̺ۣȴ޴ӱ𡣹Ź֡
һͷѪһšı֮ϣ˲両ֳһּŻͫȥֻ֮¾Ө͸һƬҿ̺ۡ΢΢һЦſԶ
ԪӵԲӦЩǸʱ⣬ͿĨ˼仰κ̫ԶټϺĲʴʹñֻһ˿ķӡǡǶԻͫ̽·һʱҲ޴ӷ
ָȥδʾ¡
ԪںϿãֻһԡµֽһ󣬸žĿ̧һֵָǧ֮⣬Ƴг·
һѭԪָȥʵкμ⣿
ԪȻһƳԷɫע˼ɵְֱͦһųʾԶƽ̹ҲӲ֮ơ뿴һ٣̧һ㣬˵ʶ裬Ŀޣ˴ȴһӰпɱ߻߶ǧɵƳ°
һûп޶ԡ
ԪЩꡣԼû˵ĳǿǣĴֵԭٲά衣߷壬ǰСʶȥ²ϡгƣΪ·֮סɼԽ籾£Ȼǧ֮ȥ˺η
һת۹ӶɫĪ
Ԫָ㼤Ȼһ٣ԱһݵвףҪ黳
һҡҡͷЦ涴죬ĳµĹ³ϣǷ֮ƶתۼѴӱϻж¡
Ԫվûһ崡ŵǾ仰⣿ɳġ
һӱ£δֱֹǰƮȻȥ
״ڵ˲ɣ󲽷׷
Ԫֻô˼˳ű¾ƻСһ󺮳Ϯֱ͸巨뷢мֳ˷Ŀ⣡
ԭããأһӰæ

һʱ֮󣬼еһȥơ꣬ͣ
ֻǰƽ̹֮Уббȥһǵа֮֮ȥֱڶǳէȻһǱضʱµһ̺ۣɷעĿݼеһֻۣԲߡ
𣡹Ȼ֮ϡ
ԪӼԽڶȴսŲסֱҡŻȥԶ㵸Ȼ˴ְѨΣ̽·һڱǰĲԶվΣ̽漴عͷʾš
ڵˣɢΧһԡ
һǵݵıƬ̣۹Ԫӵϣĳд⡭
Ԫص˵ͷο֣˳ңңһ㣬ָڵˣɵ㡢㣬㣬ǰȥ̽·ǻص˴ǰ³ϵķ緶꣡
λͬ׵壬ɵɫһ䡣
ǱҲ޷価ͷȴǸǳıóȻǰвݣ˵ҪΪ
Թѣλͬԭضٳٲ
ԪӼûӦʱŭˡԦ£нֹţڵ濹дӱϺڡ
һͻȻ̧ǰ˵ڴˣֺСա
ԪӲҪסȻƬ̣ǣǿЦԼǣڳļƣȴЩɥ벻ΪȻȻΪǰˣҪΪһȺС·صߵ𱰲֣
ڵһ٣ʱ˿ǸԪӲָʹˡмӡ
ת֮䣬һߵ˱ع֮ǰ΢ԼͷҲص˵һ˵ĵ֮У̫ɡǰļѡλˣĪ󣡡
һ㣬ԺԲƣĶ㣬ƾѡմ˿кûеѡһʱĻ㱣ǿǰЪ·̣Ī⣬أһδ֪
ԪӳһıӰʧ漴бڵˡԷһɫɰȻתǰĵǣ棡
һûлͷֻ΢̣ŴӶϽ«ûˣȴǶһСɵν𽣡ֱһ񣬽â֮䣬ߡᶶ佣ɱֱ͸̣Ʋɢ
Ԫ֮⣬ǽסĿôˣҪɱ˵ļƣ˵ƣΪǿмӳַɽǲѣ˹ĻǺ
һֳֳ̧ǰƲ滺ȴȥƼ졣̤һ;˼ûκεļСıأԾбţֱֱɾͷڶڡ
״ͬǷ׷׳֡ŷӳ֣һâں˸̲߳һԱ֮˲ȷԸһȿֺسǰ
ԪҲһѷɽҪʩȴɫһ꣬ЩƵغ˦Žâȥ

ɾͷɴСһڡɴ˼ǰԭĻްʧӨӨ֮УһĪ졣һĬĬУӰҴҡ
ʱ֮󣬵ƶ˾δֹȻ̴棬æҡ
һֻýŵһᣬһ
˴߲Ψбȥ·һأ˸޴
һ䲻ֻ׹ȥٿʮɣһ֮ϣȴƲסֻü»Ƭ̣Ȼռ̤˼ʱײƺ̡ȥʮɣضĿ
ǺδֻΪǣȺϿȿݺᡣ޾ɱ֮У
֮ͬʱһӰ׹£һƬط


1292 ʵĿ
һȺ׹£ƲסʱһţǱ
ԪȻ޴š䱾ܣΪʱ漴ͨһ˵ϣ˲ŭԷѳûﵽһԡ
Сɶ񣡡
Ԫһڣݺݵܡûٸҷϲ˦ӡֵķɽйâ£ȴǶֺԽȺ̧Ȼԭ֮£Ȼ˾޴һƬߣǽ̾Ϊֹ
ʮ⣬һڳԶ
Ѱ˴ԪϹͲǳ߱ߵҪۼ̾Ϊֹػһ㶼Ϊҿɽվ־ġϿǡ񹤣ȴֻȻɣȻҡͷɫһǰָ̧Զʾ𡭡
ǡڴʱһ糱ź֮صɱ棡
ǰɱ
Ԫӻδ䣬ǰлӰһ˲ȥʮɣڽظ֮£Ȼӯ쳣ǿ΢΢Ȼ룬ٱݻʱ
ڽ֮£ѳֳ˾̬ظԪתԭؾȻտҲڵȶʮλħʿΪ֪֮һζŻԵޣܲȿֺ󡭡

Ͽ﷽Բȥ̵أ֮Ǳԭ񷶥ķɡ֮䣬˳ǵķ糱֮⣬Ƕʮ۵Ӱ
һԳǰһʮɣδֽż⼲ӵؼСȥ֮죬ʹеĽҷһĹâʱơʶ裬ֻʣʩչΪһĸֽǡȻ硣ֻص˵Ľ֮Уг֣ҶС
һʱϿȵ˾ͷǰıȴѿһɿķ϶нл켤
һɣһͷ֮С
ȥʮɻȻʣһ޴ϿȳǰֻӰڴԾԽ裬໥ӦΧһȦӡıϣǺʮѪģʬ˴ֹ
Ǳλ꺺ӣֳַɽҿһλ׳˺ۣȴ׺ǳ
׳ֱһ˱۰֮ϣʱ˺ѲһѪߡȻֻܻȭ֮ͷȥ˲䣬һƬ⼱Ϯæ˫ץסµȻȴǶʮལ󱳶ʱѪģ
𡪡
Ӵ˻ǿʹۣٴνѹ£漴˫Ŀŭȭ顱䡣ʹشҪһеس֡Ȼ˲Χƴһһ
а֮ڣֱʮλԷ˵ƹ£·ӣȴȻҺηʵڳ߰ݡȻˣһƬꡣѵ꺺ӽ󺰣ɱ
һͣ˽Ųɵðҡͷ
ǺļһΪһڴˣ˫ǿ⣬յο֪Ȼĳײϣûʾˣ
һ˾ϣһƳʱıУӰ֡תֱһ񣬴Ľ̤ǰ
вȺʱɧɫη壬ԾԾԣ˲ΪȻǳֽĲİҪԸˡ
ʮӰȺɼλǰű㱼
״һüбѪȥͻȻһ㣬Ȼڳ˲仯һĻӰӶȥеĽ𽣾ƳһƬ⣬㡭
ʮӨѪٿȻ֮䣬û˷û˶֣ҵͬҲʧ١ʧ֮ʣĺнƮ䡣֮ʹȴԶȥ
һɫӰֱ͸Ⱥʮλ˲䵹߰˸ԷâߣȴŰĺݶ޴ӵֵת˸ĽѤȴŷ֮Ī⡭
ת۵ĹһԽ嵽Ⱥ֮Сһ·Ĳʬϱۡ²ͣĴߣâɣǹɱƵȴ
ٸҿʮ֮ڣһŽ·ŻסΡ
һȵƽܵӰڻζڷơͨΪ֮£һѵʹõķɽȻǿ
ǶʮλʿҵѴӻȴֳһصѪǽʲŵĻþһɲǣȴ硭
֮ϣƴҲͣ
Ǻһְµˣһȭδ䣬ص˫۲ϴ󡭡
˺ڵأнץŵķɽû˹âϵĺӺ޺һѪˮתбһҲִ£ħΪС
һԳбָɱȻƳķ۹ڼֵһ٣ͷҲصĳÿؼ㶼ǵùĵС˴𻰣ֵȫ㲻µӥȮϧ
ӣǶĵһв֪Եڴ˲Χˣľȵȫ⣬Ⱥлмľȵʿ
֡𡭡
ǡڴʱԶıɽ϶ӿʮӰеԪӸԴҴңǹеغһŽſڣɣæȻֹһȻΧһȺħǵʿסȥ·ҹѣçײҶԷ֮Уߡ
Ԫڵй˼ɣһʱǰ
һֱɱʱסڳˣ˶ݵʱֱ붷ȫһкδԪӣһһƽٿȻʱѪŽͷ­ʲŻԶŵȫȻʬ֡
Ȼ߾ȭͷȴǽѪ㵵Ƴͷȫֿ˿ֽıӰȥ롣һпƵȫסǳԼͬ³
һأۻҡ߳΢΢ͷѪĿ⡣ķȺ궯ɱң漴˶̧һ̤ꡱһȫͷ­ٳѪࡣӨ׵ĵ棬һƬ쵡
֮ɲǣһ
˿ڴۼĺԼͷһֻ¶ֲǰλ
ڵԶͬĿɿڴ𾿾Χƣ
ԪǾ漴ĬĬҡҡͷѣһڵıˡײбŰĳ˵ʵĿ̡
һɣȻʡһԲĸ֣ôͷ­̤ꡣûзϣǳķͱ˵ߣٲȥĪĳɱ䣡
Ѵӵվһ߿ͷʬּ˼£ű˺ĺ⣬ҡߵһԣۺ׹سϴħǵʿ˸ɱ


1293 ǽ
׺ĿáһĲб£ɣ
ʱ˿̣ĸ
ȴʧʱͻȻһ֮ˣҵڣʧ֡
ǶҲȺǣοͨܵƣȫƾΪɱһΧĺʱ
ƻĽк԰Ӱٴ궯׳Ӷеͷеһ붷˼лɳãŷӵϡʲܴһȺʿǰ䱸ԷԪӡڵ˵ĳ
һʱ֮䣬̺ɱڣ
࣬Ѫȣ˫ȭգһľܹ
һüͷɱ⡣
ľȵǼʿʵӥȮµϰ֮ڣͬħǵӵߡ˶ڣŻһֵĵȸʽѰȴΪļӳֶΧ֮£ؽӭһӲӲĽ
ѵ˵ĳһԴƷһȺˣ
ĳóľǻս
ת֮䣬ɫĽâһ˶ǰһӱۺɨ顢顱죬âɢСɵķɽֳԭΣֱҷ˳ȥӰʧæӴܡ
գ͵س˳ȥԷ˲ѱ׷һˡҽ׷ɣɱŰܲˣˡһȭԷظ˸˳ƽʬ˺˳ȥ֮һҵĿ񹥡֮£ҡΣѪ߱ŽȴºڹȻȻҪսף
ǡڴʱһɫĿͻǿҷ겻͸ʱ㽫ϮĸʽȦ⡣űһ顱졭
ȻһԭһǰԷӰƮй䡣ǹķ̴棬һĽȻȻը˲ʱϮȥ֮Һܴ߽Ӷ
ܹƶٻ˴Ĺ˫ϴ֮ɼֶΣԵ˵ǿ
Թ֮־ʶߺһ֮νɽǧն£ңǣһķɽû֣Լӳ˼ΪչֳͨҲѰʱ˵أȴǡóΪ˳ʤһֶΣʵⲻѣ
ǺǣһһЦȴ͸޾ɱȻɼҳ򷨹磻޷硢ˮҲ޷壬һǬͻȻԾȺгҷɣ˲һѪ·ֵҿҽרնǷǡԳϬ¡뺣ӵҡ
ȥ磬
һȴ¶ǷǸĪ⡭
һѰ˽Ƶ˽ýӯƮն޼ѰȴмѪ޴ӵֵ
ڶʿ׷׶ܣλֳǰ
һż⼲̤գָֽһ㣬ֵĳٿȻһնԷҪмܣָ߳·;֮ɲǣͻȻַɳ䱾һգ͵ؼȥ
׵ǸˣľȵĶڵĸ֡˺һɫ缱ϮæӶеħֵ˭һӰűǡ顱һĴȭػʱǶѡԽסҪҺϮĽûƬء
䡪
ƣӦǱֱӺͷ­δ£һȴǲŲαã˳Ƴ˽ת˫ŲԶһ˺ݺȥ
ˡ
λߣͬľȣǷųƻ֮ˡһй죬˼նɱһλ֣ɵþ͡Է˲˵ǰҪΪʱʣʬɡ
һ֣δգǸӵ׺顣ʶôʿ뵲·漴һһͷ­ܵ˾Ŷµļλ֡ٲȺֻѪԳɿ죡
һıӰһƳסѪŶսܣ漴Ӷ˫ȭͽȺ
Զڵħʿû˹ǣһɫ˷ܶԾԾԡԪȴǼΪص֮ǰ̧վŲ⣬·Ⱥ⡭
ԲΪȫһŲ״ңԭϾҾսƣɥڴˣֻܹʱ˲áλڴɵĸ֣³ͬҡǻ潻ʱ򣬸Ƕֵһ֮СΡ
ϵĶţѪܵʵùã
ڳĶڵĸֻ߰λȴûȡʤİաתӣЧ¡ת֮䣬ȺȻɢ
ԪڹʧʱֱһӣȵΪ𻤷ɱٳɣǰȥڵ˽󣬺ɱ
Ͽ֮УһƬң
˺ʬĨ˰ͷѪٺ١һֻǻĿĪйʹ졣˦󲽣Ҫ׷ɱһӰڷҵѪ֮аȻΨбָɱȻȻ⣬ǰʵϴ󣡺βɱЩH֮
һɱ֮󣬶ʱƵöԷɢ䲢δģͻȻ֡ŵ󶯾һƳ漴Զ΢΢ҡͷ˵ɱն
ʱһд棬ȴ֮ǰķĽĮɫζĻȴ˼ֹԶ֮⣡
ǰ֮ڻʣʮˣԱϿԶȥԪӴڵɱһѪ顣ͬУ޹˼ɡ
۹ӹܱصѪǽ壬סҡ¸ߴһĸꡣɱ̫ãƣ뷦֮ף˿ڴںغת˵ϴ֮ļҡ
һûлͷ΢̣ӦԪۣԪ
޷硢ˮҲ޷壬һǬǽҲףȴδšۼգ⣬ʣǶݷ
һ˼ǶݷṦѡ
һıӰ΢΢ʧ񣬻̲סʣΪṦΪ
Ṧ˷˵֮ڽһ˺һ˳еĳƼٸӰзĪ⣬к쳾崣вһδƽһ˵ǽɡ
˿ƬȾһֿ˿ԼѪǽҲ֪ʱһ⡭
һת۹Ī⡣
Щȣʧϴ󡭡ųڣšٺ١֪ιʣϴĳƺ˳ڡ
Ͽ֮Уʬ£ŨصѪں۲ɢԪӵ׷Ƭ̣ȴһûиæþաԷԶȥİõطת˳ıķƽ
һ´Ŷ˳һ̳˹ȥζ˵ϵ£ˡĳһΪԶ˽˭ȴû뿪벽㶷Ȼв֪ˡ
ӹ̳ӣ̧ͷ¶֮࣬ŵϴ㾿꼸Σ˵˵ϳɻɬ
һ̧£̾ĳȻһǧ꣬
˲ƣ۵ͻһͷ
һϽ«ΪȻƣ־ߣ־ջꡭ
£˵ϴк־򡭡һ˭϶Էеĺ«ǺһЦƵ³֣ơ


1294 ·ͨ
ʦִǵˣԽһ˶ȤڴѰ١
ɽϿȣ˼֮أ֪Ѱ
ʦ¡磬죬񣬿Ѱٺ٣ҼͷĵЩȡ
ΪΧ
ߣȫˣ꺦ҵıһ·˴˱㶯֡˭һȺħʿԶ١ΣϴĿá
Ƿ֪뻢ͷȥ򣿡
֪

ϴĽṦȻԷףܷ˵һв㣬ûʡ
жвƽӹߣǡ޵ֶͻ켫ޣв֮ʿ˵ҲѰֻʶߣűлɳˡ뿪Ϊ֧ţȫôҪ֪ĳһֺ
ԭˣٺ١
ȻЪϢգ·УԱ㡭
δѰ񡭡
Ǿ͸ˣ
һϣԶ˵Աߣһվ̳ӡʮ⣬ЪϢԪڵˡ
һ»µۣҪվ
ȴϴ
һٴְֻϽ«̧ɫѯʡ
ҳಲ¶ģ˺ɣ΢΢ڹ˴ĿġẮ֮У˵Ϊܣƣ̬ҲΪ֮תһ׳һ˵Ͽʦ;һ·Щô
һֽӹͷ
һöӡžĴΡоŲ㣬֮ǰϵǾ䡮ž̵ϡֱΪɽ졢죬Ͻ죬¡죬۽ľ죬ı죬ĵ죬죬΢죬ټһ磬оŽ֮ơЩӣҲЩء
ν·ǵ˼Խڡ֮⣬ϸע⡭
۹һƳתһԵĿվ̳ϣ˵ϤҪԽǰ㣬⣬Ҳѡ֮ϵ㣬ΪգǶΪСʦֻ˵ܷջ񣬱㡭һźǳһֳŵϴĳƺʧðòɡ
һ򣬳ŶԶ꣬漴ȴȥ֮ʣ̳ҾƷڵϣųŶԷЦЦʵ㻹ûлҵľ֮ء
ٺ£ץ̳Ӳٳ
ʮ֮⣬һȺЪϢ
ڴ˽ܵʬһգջһ֮ǰǳս˲ʮ֣µķΪ񡣶һԴ˲ܲʣƾ˷󡣽ԴϲԪҲûöǬӡ
˻֮ʣԪӶһԣڳĹĸģȴ۹΢ʱʱ̿ܵĶæ𡭡
һԪӵĲԶվ˵˵ͷأԴŵЦݣ˵λʸ־׷棬˲ʤ̿֡ʶĳʹ͡
ԪΪ⣬Ļ˿Цտһл
ĳҲ֮Ǻǣһɫ糣Цٲҳһ㣬ֱֵϤ㡣ǻܡת˫֣Զ󲽶ȥ
Ԫ£ͷҡѶ׷ϣ룬ֻС
ת֮䣬һȺӰȥԶ
տϿУֻʣһ׳ĺĬĬ
ץž̳ӹһҾƣʹس£סٺЦ۹ȴɫĪŴΣ֮ʳȣԵɣԼҲδ˶֣صлһжôȻĪνĸεգԼȻųƺϴȴֵܡ
һ˸·ͣ
һϿȹһϿȡ޲շ״з糱мҡ֦ɵľ¡޴ıڣǡǡһϾأ
˼գϿеȥ·խһգǡƾأɽ徹Ȼ£һ
һηĿ
һ·ûмӰ֮ǰȺħʿҲˡ֪ǰ˾ͷ
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Ԫһֱ˦ڰ֮⣬Ҫ˲ͬжԸ˼׷˼£ҡͷ̾ȥͨãҵҲ
һǰУûԪӵķС
Ԫ˸ûȤһЦȴЩϧǰһսʮɷʿѡ񵹺á
һ󺮳ڵ̸̤ϵ˽ǰ
ɷǲԼڵһз벻ڵšһ²ͣȴػһƳ̹ϻصɷͽⲫڴ˴޴á㻰֮⣬Ƿָ˾
Ǻǣ
ԪӼһ̬ǫͣЦҲࡣŲУֵָҵȻй¶м˵ơǬϣؽΪġ
Ǭϣ⻰ޱԹ֮⣡
һ۹ԪӵԼӴתͶǰ΢Цв֮˵޷ƣ
ҡԪӺǳϻ̳Ͽ֣۹һֵԸеٰ˻գ಻ҵ׷桭
һ΢΢ҡͷΪȻĳûôı£ֻ²Ըˡ°һ̧ʾϤǰԽŻ֪
ŶԪĲɵӦæдɵִĲ졭һ򣬷˵Ŀ
ӦȫˣΪԪãбעż򵥵·붷öͼеβࡣ
һӹԲ鿴˼ǰС
ɶ͵ı嵲סȥ·մеϿȱҲ˾ͷͼʾ˴ԽŻڣ
ͣ˽Ųһɫɻ
ֻɽµһıϣһɴСŶеһʱβŶϷ޷ɽܣҲûеƣֻݱӴ֣
ЩšϹű쾳˼ªĴڣԻ֣ʵ˷˼
ܲ쳣ֻǺµŶ͸żء
˳֮ʣһԱűǼªȥ֮⣬еĺһӿ漴ðλߵӰɫ΢䣬Ȼֹס˭϶Է˫˫Цת˺
ͻ䣬žһƬԪӵ˱УʱԭءǷи־ݹضأĪ˵·ͨ
һԴ㵣漴ͫ΢˫üֳ̧һɫ⣬Ȳǰ


1295 
ںӨӨı֮УɶߡɶĶţһѰı϶ѷ졣俪ĺۼ֣͸żֹ졣ǳڶڣԼӿĵ̣Īأ
ΪߣȻ˴ӶִĪɱ˺ȥĪ֮䣬ǶںһѪڣ¶˷Ѫࡣ
˾ʱ˿̣˭ǰһ
һȴֳ߽⣬һ̤ڶŵıϡ
ʮ֮⣬ԪӡڵĿ
һһ٣ͷҲأ붴֮У˳еĽ𽣡ʱâ˸Ӱ˳ȥ顱һײӲı֮ϣʹ˵⡣Σңֱָ߳ǰü߳ڵĸ֣˵㲻
Ӧñνʵ򲻹һ߰ˣаɵķԲҲߴ֮вˣֻеһһҵߣֳַɽɫ΢㵡ʮ⣬һͨĪ֮
ΪβػĪһλ߲гбָ̼Ӳıر顱ĻһĽۡǰ̤һȻλǹŪ飬־նأ޷ҪϾĳľ֮УǷˡٽһɱˡ
λ߽أ˴˻˸ɫһλ£˵˷Ԫӣ뷽ӷ¡ֵѲʹ˻ת󡭡
һһƲΪȻؼһǷԪӣһǷӣƾ˱뵲סĳȥ·д϶Ĵڸȥ˺δĵء
ԳƷԪӵȻһɵת׿ͬ顣һλͬǾ㵲ѣʧ㡭֪
ĳ֪ڴˣԵ˾ϼ޻ȴ˼Уɳڰء϶ΪʾȻǲֶΣ
һÆ£кǰʢ˵˵ĳ֪ӡ
λ˴ɫɡ
Ԫæеķɽǰ䱸ֵѵΪ޸ֺ֮α˲񣡶ִԲ򣬴ȥȻڽӡ
ӵ߸˵Ҷ˼ȻãҴӳ顭
ǧĵڶѵõԸһĶ򲢳ûΧ˽ɱ˽æű߲㣬ֻзԪӡһ;Ϥ˷ŵһ˭ƲˣãʹҲѻʤϬδ䣬ɴתߡ
˵һΪƣͬΪڵķԪӡǿƴȥⲻҪһֽšȻֻأп˵ʤİաԷĲսˣʵЩϡ
һŽ׹ԪӡתȥʧһĶ֮С˼֮ʣԪӴͷ˽󺰣Ƿ
֮ͬʱڵӿ룬ڶʱӰζɱڡ
һб˵ֻǳ˵ص˵ͷתֱֳֳʮĶڶȥ
Ԫ˿вܵΣѶǰæһ
ĶڿѰ֮졣
һžǰ任²һ
ӫĿıɽ̹ǵķ糱ʧȡ֮һƬޱ޼ʵĺڰһҲû˿ķֻŨīҹɫʯصĻʹ˲ڶãȻ޴룡
һĵطǾ֮¡죿
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ漴ְʯ߷ɡµĶͣ
һתĿԿʮһȺӰʱĶڣʧ١ԶһƬ粻塣
Ĳ㣬ʶȻã
һľæ¡
ʶпӣȴĿ޼ǾܣҲʮԶ˵Ϊڣͬת籦ʣһʱ޴ʩչ
һɫЩΡҫ۶Ŀ߽âȻڣعԭ״Ľ޹⡭
Ҳ̲һʧ
ѽʶΪã뷲кβͬ
˾ָǰ
Ҳ޷ǧͬء
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ͻȻ֮ںڰ֮УʶΪãֻš˽֮ʣһ˽̧üġ̺Ϊӡǣͺ޶
һײײӰ˽ǰãȻǺá
һѭȥϳĹâ΢΢һš֮˲䣬ԶνһĿȻ
ԪӾ֮⣬ƵУæȻ츳֪ͨçײʧԣת˵ϤֻѰ˴ġ̨ܰ²˳٣·Ҫ仰˴̲ס׺ȵڣͷǰ·
ڵվûһв֮⡣
Ԫɫһּعͷ
һأüĶûܵĶϡ
ԪֻĬ֮⣬תŵլʺ񣬶ȴ˽ηǰߣϳ͡
ڲҵ涥ײĥƬ̣ŴŰ˾ŸѰǰ
ԪӲʧʱ𣡴˽粻Ϊϡ
һĬתǰȥͼӡ̨ȴֻ֪Ѱ١ĿģЩȲѣ
Ԫӳµ˰ʾ⣬Ա˿ȻĪ⣬ȴԲޣѮ֮ڱԽ
ܺڰŨأ֮Ŀޣû˸çײͷǰ·ڵˣҲȥٳ١
һжʮˣҹɫлǰС
һչȥɡֻ޾ĺڰһ·ĻļţڰҵĽŲ
Ȼʩչҽ»ȴҲƣκһʱûз꣡
ֹ֪ȥһա֮䣬Զ΢΢
ͣ½Ųһפ
Ƭֻ֮ҫ۵ĹâںڰէȻ֣ٿʡ֮˲䣬ڳѿһϸϸķ϶ͬʱ¡¡ǿ
״ȺеԪӽסʾָΪڡʧǰС֣ߴٸ·˼ǰοɱ棬ûӿ˲
˲䣬һ˱㱼ȥʮԶ
һٿ𣬹첻ͻȻ֮䣬ǽӳ硣֮ɲǣĺ쳹ܣ
Ԫܣߺǰеɽڣ˵̨ڡ
𲻶Ĺ֮£ҰݼŶڵһƬȵأǰȥʮɽ·Ԫ˵ֻ뷭Խȥ̹;ʵˡ
һǰ·ܵĶ飬͵ֹȵ˺󡭡仰ųڣʱѱû֮ɲǣضɽҡ


1296 к
һֻ֮úը漴̤գ׹ȥ
һ̣Ƭɽȶڲҵķɳɽɽʯ˲ûһС
һͷһݣݣȴֱֱ׹¡æңӱۺҡ顱һ죬һʯ˲顣Ծż⼲㣬һٿȻ͵شʮɡ
ڸߴΣԻȻǷɳŭʯɣ˲ڶʴӣ
һ˫Ѫâ˸Զξ۵ס
ԭļŵɽȣѳһڡ·ĲԶ֮⣬һӰ顢ɡвҺ˲ʧɽХĺ֮У
һȻ䣬æ̤һʯٳɷ顣ٴԾ𣬳Ѱ϶ȥھκ
һкȥ˺ܾãֺǶݡؼͻȻ
һƣڶ֮ʣ޴ƾ裬һ¡ʯϣ漴ֻȥĳмŴżֲȻĿ
ͬɢȥ߾ȻһĨذ⡣ҫ֮£һ޼ʵĻǰǲʯĹȵȻʧȡ֮һ˶ʯڣ
һ뿪ԭأǰǵʯȥ
ȻȴɽѵĺۼȻˣһ˿һı仯
һʮ⣬ס΢΢ҡͷ
ʯڵܣżʧǵӰԪӲŴһʯ˳ԴŽٺĿֻšλʿǴŴſڵϡһжʮˣȻֻʣôλĽԱ£֪
һߵʯ֮ϡԼ˵ǱΣδ˵ǰ¡
Щ˳ħʿҳȴһɵ֡ġʮʻûһµĹʣ޼˵Ī⣡е˵϶
𡭡
ԪӼһ߽غһŴӵҡҡλվ漴޴󰭣æҵˡ
ǡڴʱһȻ
Ԫһ˲˵̧űҪڣȴһվԭδʱȻתԶɴ˫ۡͬʱڵλҴ߸Լ̧ͷ
֮⣬̳죬ɽѵһ֮ǰ
˾ͬܡԶɽϵļĿȻһȻɫҲŵüͷ
ֱƽһɽûӰȴлĮ¡
ԪӶ߶µؾ̾ϣ˴״ҵǡ̤仯֮УΪصļƷȴҲĿһز׺ɣĲͬпһֶ˶ת˺˼ǿ϶ؽ˵ֻӽоգ
һûӦ˷޷޲ƽ˵ߣ糤ϣ˲ء
ڳԼçײʧԪɫһѭ߳
֮⣬ڵϻżηɫоֹȴ˸еĻָ́ˣЩߵ˵ҵȾΪٺ֮ò׸˴ת֮ʣһ֮Ԫӳðˡ
ߣ̤ߣ޳ľҪһȤĻɣɽȥԪŭĿԲ̱ǰһָڣɱ߳⡢ԵĵֻأٴγΪһ׵ķˣǰĲʶ˷ⴺһգк󡭡
Ҫ磬Զԡ
˵̤˵ߣѿ͸Ƿ̤ءԵĲͬû¶ĵִеˡ
ڲ룬Ԫɫƣλͬ黹ˣæֹ
һʯϣȴЩ
ߵĨҫķԭڰֳŵĻĪ֮˼Դڲ׺ɣĲֻͬǻ翪ı仯
һ˼һԵѵ˲ɿĵز׿Ԫڣۼǣǵ˵Ųףϧ
ԪӼһֻ棬ȴֲΪȻط˵𣡼ȻżѣίԼСĿ𳤣ϳ͡
ּŭ˵иж֮˵
ߵһĨӳģܻľͷԵúڰէȻһٲֻȻһ塣ٻмЪ˵ȴûиͷ
һƬ̣˵˶ԸίԼȻǡʶ֮׼ҲֶΣԾɥĽޡ
ڹ˹֣뼸λͬڳϤ̻ļơ
Ԫȴǲϰݣ˵㷽ԣ಻Ȼ
ʿһλܾŴϸҹʱ˿̣ĳû̸۵һƳԪӣ˵ԪӣĪǽĳ˵Ļ˶Է硭
⡭Ԫһ
һٲᣬһ˦ȥ̧ʯڸߴԱ֮󲽶ȥ
ڵ˲ҵҴҶ
Ԫڸ˼϶˲
һˣڿݼŵɽĮдС˵һĽѣȴٲϡͿײããĺڰ֮УǷ
һ¡¡ĺǰɽй漴ضɽҡ̳Х
ȥ·裬ֻڰɽפмʶȴΪ֮ݲѡǱлĪ⣬һر仯桭
ǰͣ˽Ѱǰ
;ûȥԶͻȻ뿪ڵɽ·ɱأѶһʾҿ
һ۹һƳ²ͣµļˣͬԪڣҲģ
ڼһѰɽеķɽʶӡ̴档ö룬;˴ʿķ㬵ҡҡͷżǰС
ԪЩƲ֣һںͷƽ˲˼־ɵɫһ˻֮أȻꡭ
ֻŷɽ֮УһƬɫԶǡϮʱ̶µˮΣ֮䣬·һɺԻļŵĹȵضʱʪ֮ɲǣڴȶת֮䣬ɢ
һˣɽĬĬȻ
һƬ̣йâ꣬ͷˡ
Ԫæʧʱعʾ⡣
һ޵صһЦתŸ·
Ԫûɵػ˿½ӿ졭
ǰĨҫ۶Ŀڴ˷ĺ֮УһһɽڡǰȻʣһƬ޴ɽȡˮ޹⣬̨
ϲ̨


1297 Ӳ
ɽ֮С
˽ͣ½ŲųһУԵͷ鿴̧ͷ
űˮ庮ףȴֺһ㣬޲ˣҲ޹⡣ɴ˿ȥһƬʮ﷽Բĺɽ֮С
ĺ䣬һʯ̨ʮɴСɸߣΪݻƶƽعں֮ϡǡһк£ʹ̨ӨӨԣ
ԪӹƬ̣϶̨֮ϣԽķ󡭡
ڵҲΪȻȴ˼
ԪӲ̽·ȴе¶һԣֻðںⲽԾԾԵľͷ
һĬĬźˮʮǷ̨
ԶһƬããĺڰ֮УƻʼȴֶĪ⡣Ψк֮ϵǵкµ⣬ڿҹɫеһ
̨ԼڵĺӦòλڴ˽ľͷǾнķҲԢ⡭
һˮ죬Ԫ̲ס̤СŽ㣬˱͵ذߡ̶һ۵°һɫıֱ㣬Ժսѣȵֲ޲ˣԭоΪˮ
ںʵԪӳϣΪˮ
֮δΪˮ𼴳ж֮ߣԪµشһ䣬ŷһС˵ԾݣɵúתֵΪաҪɴ˵̨Ϊףϵıۿһ
һǰȥ䣬ںˮһá
ˮ漴޹⡢Ҳ޺ۡǵĺȴֱ͸ڣѪϢΪ֮һ٣ֻҲ˲˪ҽӲ
һ۹ɫ΢ȭͷ˲䣬˪Ӳָѻָ硣ֱ꣬תԪӵ˵֪ףΪ
Ԫڽһ֣ԷȴǴһ˦⣬漴ɵص˵ͷ˸ˣȻա仰û˵꣬תɫѵڵЦСҪԽˮδⲻ
ڵûЩɥ
Ԫȴ̧˼޵ֵп֮ܣұؽ˼Էݣ˭Ͼڴ˴ó
ħǵʿ˵İ˷Ƕħɷз֮ãȴֵƶôޣʶʽ򣬶´ʱ
ڵ۹һæֺõɷתһ
ǺǣԪӵЦЩ䣬ڽͷĪԹޣȴ󷽵ڴˣɲ˽һǧʯ

˽׵ʱ򣬸ԴĪ˼
Ҳ˵Ԫ˵ıΣپп룬ٻϣһЩǳԼλСĲһֱڻȴ˼ɶ޴ӷǴŻᣬ顣ڵջķᣬֻʹ
ԴˣһʣںƬ̣ڵɷ׻Ż巨鲼¡̧꣬ȥŽ׹Ϣ񣬼ǰ
Ԫӵ˸ˮ
һɷ׻뷨壬Ҳˮеĳʱ˵أˮֶݷԼʶΪûôֻýŲȺףǰСȥɳٻһˮ󡭡
ʱĹûˮʮɡޱߵĺڰϮһʱ֮ãã
һȥƲͣ׵ԪڵУѰŷ
һʱȥѵ̨·
һ̧ͣͷĿһƬͫĹâȻʱ͸ڳˮ
ֻ֮ϣ˸̨
һٳɣ˫ֱۻҪǿˮϣȴصͷʲŵĵطȴɷ׻ԡڻ֮ͫУٻɳʯ֮£ɼһϸĺ΢΢˸
ɵĺףкã
һλ䣬֮ʣ߳ٻɳʯŻֶֿתۼ侹ǾһĿӡûڵɼһƬɫںסΪߣһϸĺƶҹө΢Сȴڣ͸
ʲô
һлͫ˸ȸӣ˲㵭ץȥӲȴѵ׻֮ʹúڳĵʱ˿϶Ȼ

һը죬Ӳʵ˲ѿһڵĿпĪбӿʹܵˮһζ
һ̧߶ʯֺݺ̤£ʱǸ漴˺֮ꡣֵһ۴ϸʯġ̣߳ĿӨ񣬲ɢųұ˵
𡭡񡭡
ǡڴʱԪڵΪ˽ǰԪӾȴˮ϶վٴ㵸شʾ𣡴Ϊ֮ѵá
񣿺ö֮УȻ̺ż֮ػͬ컯Īǣ
Ī֮ʣһͷһţȴǻն޴׽΢΢˳еĻŹâȥܻع鰵š
ԪĿƬ̣ʧ䣬תںڰѰڵҲǸתһڴմȥѰ񣬶ҪƱ񣬽ƾſֻѺѡ
һٵ飬Ӷֱ۷ˮתϻΡԪӵ˼״Ψ䣬ֻöѰͷһŵˮϡ
ˮ𲻶֮˵еľȿ֪£ֱȥһʱһ˲̵˺档̨֮ϣҪԽס
һеִ棬˫һɫƣ漴ƺңˮѼڶת֮Ծ˿İʯ̨δȣʱһ֮¡һ̷Ắشڳõķתļ󡭡
顪
ϡ
ͨ
ܹӲš
һڸڵĲͬԡͨһſһӰ
λﲻˣԪӡҵ·Ķֻ̧ͷȻ̨ϣָԽ硭
һվ̨ϵͷȥֻ֮ϣڵеһλԱһţŽӡԪǽ֮ŵ
һӲţ
лᣬ˭˲ˣ
ֻԼⲢҲͨ
֮˵ִӺִ򣬱ǹ
һһһ㼯İɫâٿȻɳӰˮתۼѵڰʯ̨֮ϡһ˦ڵ˶ʱû˲ŽȣȴһŭԪӡ
Ԫת˺·ϡ
֮ͬʱʯ̨ͻȻ¡˹˲ִɫ΢䡣ɲǣʢХ


1298 δ
̨뿪񷣬ҫ۵ĹǬ졭
˲䣬һâ˸֮ߵӰԲͷһһӰƮȻ׹䡣
һƬĮĿɳɳ¡Ƶ֮£Զɽ
һ˳һɳϣµϸɳȳһǳӡڵķתλ硣
ڴʱӰ̶еԪ֮մɸߣϲȻһɵʶΪ
ڵҲ˲ҲѡΪÿѽ٣緲˰ΪȻֻлָͨѿá
Ԫ߰ɣ׹ΪȻƾ˻Ա·ȴ´࡭һԣָԶʾǧ֮⣬ޡ֮ǰ磬۽ľ죬νδðڣ̽·
ߣˡ
Ԫӻδ䣬˿ת߳ҡ
֮⣬һſŭݣͬļơΪ׵ڻЩη壬ȴԪӣӲͷƤһıӰ˵ԪΪȴҵˣйӲš侮ʯ֮١ҼܲΪ֮ĺʵڲԸĲǲ
һûֻǸֻɳϡ
Ԫ˵ǰ㣬ĳҲָʶΪȴһɣ֮ࡣԵɣΪһ¡˴лĮҲޣδá
Ԫû뵽Сҵ涥ײһʱᣬָ̧㣬ɫʱˡԷη飬ȴվԭغá˴󵨣кѣ
𡭡
ڼԪɫƣæֻҵػһ
ȥ޷ǳִšǸǻȴ޹ءһѭȴ֮䡣˭ǵñҺڡУһתȴἰ˫ǣǼ򵥵ظĸ֣ǣ
ڰ˿һ˸ɫҲкָһ仰ȷ󡣸ǣٲԪӡλͬͬ
ԪӵָӲ漴һ˦ٿ֮ǰԼһӵʮµĹ³ϡг̲Ž룬˹¼ҹˡȻ
һ˿Ԫӣ赭дֵЩС߲˶Զܻףֺα̫ڿء
ڵɫмԪǵͷ
ŶǲˡһͻȻʲô˵Ϥ塢ʮ꣬ʮϰ꣬ɴԪӣ㡭
ԪֱֱӡͦͦأϼЩЦݣǿݵʣ֪޲ԡ
һʵǲһ·Խָδ
⵹ǲѣֻǴнпҴ߱ԪӲ˼ػһ䣬̧ŷ˵˽ĹؿΪͤвڡг̹룬²˳١
һ˵ͷЦȻأתһӰֱĮ
ԪӶӾ񣬲뷢ʩȴͷҲص׷϶ȥڵİ״һС
ʿû˷ΪУȴǶ˼磬·ȻҲࡣƬĮȥʱߵӰȥơ
ɳľͷһƬӵɽ𡣱ǻĵطȻʯ䳤˴ҰݡԶԶȥǡƸһ㵭̡Ϊָģⲻͬɫʡ
һΣ޲ɫȻԽصĥһڵĳɽѵľޱ䣬ǰƬѰɫԵøĿ˴һȵĽ벻ͷų
һһӲ֡
һССҰָ鶯ȴ͸Ҳʧ͵
һɫ꣬תĹСݾѸήڼȻлΪޡɲǵȣһþָ䣬΢΢Ȼ˫֣תƵ֮£ķɡ˽µƬ̣һз·Ӵ˲ͬٲ統ħ磬ļеı仯Ǽ
ԪڲҰݵɽתһȦףڵĻ٣һ˵ΪȻص˵ͷԳǰѡ
ɴǰһۿͷɽȡԼ֮Уе
̽·
Ԫ֪ԼǲǸСԺܸɴشкԱǰɽȡһ̬ʿ䣬ڵЩæ׷˹ȥ
һû룬С
Խ˼ɽȣ޷֡ǰ޵ǽŨܵɽ֮ϣľɫ庮֮У׺ƬƬ̡
ԪӼȻͷ·ȻҪʱʱ̿ķĶκεβʶ裬ֻԽǰɣܼʱ̽ԱӦԡ֮䣬һ˽ȥԶڵȻȴһʱ׷ϲΨһŲæ
˰չȥһһͱǰͣڵɽ֮УֻʣһԪڵȿֺܵûӰ䱾˲⣬Ųæ
ѭͱ࿴ȥһխխĻڣͬɽϿȣҸ۶ȥ
һԴֱһȥشʮڣΪŨӭ˸ȣ𡭡
һľ޴Ͽȣʮ֮ҳĪ⡣ǧɸ߷Ũ
Ȼ֮⣬йʯӣһصʬǽ壬ʮλŵĶ֣Լĵڵˡ
ԪΧɫȵһ̣ڳ˽ѭ˹
һ³ٻɫ΢㵡˵һﶴ֣
꣬ԷԽڶ
һӣŶԲΪȻʧһ
µˣΪڴɵľ磬ҲͬϳһԲҵæܻʾ⡣ڳĶʮλʿʱֳ֣µȻڿԪڵˡ
һˣֽ۹ӹܣЦЦʵӡȨӡӣ˲žڴܲΪĳ˰ɡĪҡҡͷű˫֣Ǵݵǰȥ
ˣǾӡϺŵʮʬӦԺĸҵʿԪڵˣϹײ
ӿ߽һɵƤһ𻰣⶯˼¡ת˲֮䣬ͬλʦڣѾۼʮߡλĸ֡ڵλħʿ˹ʣڵϹһŶɫ̡̻ԪȻΧţǲ
һ
Ӽһæֳ̧
һǧֹ֮ݶԷ˵ȥ°һ̧Թ˻ȻȲרΪĳԩ·խǺǡЦȻ
ɫһֱ̧ۺݺǰӶ


1299 ˭Ϊ
ת֮䣬ʮߡλĸɢһ֮Χ˸Ȧӡ̿ӵڱصã
Ͽһɽ£뼸λͬѴӹű̱ţԾɥѣְżڴ
˸ԪӵϿȣûŪ״һȺֵΧΪСĸаֵĵֿæģҼһԪȴΪųˡ˭һȺڴɸֵǿ֮£ûƬ׽⡣һõǼʱһڣѿ֪
Ͽȵһ࣬ǽ˲õԪӣǰҵʮ⣬λĸ֡һʵеһǶԷûжܣƲΧλħǳھ㵹󣬽סһ
һûԪڵ˵İΣھһֵΡ
ӼΧѳɣλʦܻ˸ɫתЦǺǣı棬㲻ԩҰɣȻʦмӣ˴˲׽׽⶯֮ӣ
ʦֵˣܹʮλ֣аųڴɵľ磬һɽ֣Χ֮£ҲСΪ׽ʵǽʢΪ˶ܳԶĳ
һִ̧üģδ𻰣ȴһɫĹâͻȻ¶ȥ
£漴ҡҡͷΪȻĪҪ󹤷ˣжݷڴ˴ã
һ˶һ룬һâ漴ϵ棬ɢȥ¹âںʶ˫磬˵㻹ûĳʻʦȥ˺δֱչϽ«֣˰عһڡ
ǰҪӣֹΣ
ӶһľٶɫЩɻֻ˵ǸһѶԸȴǲй档λʦмʶͬ˵ʱ֮ˣ봫ŴྶͥԴʦѴǧĸָ磬ҵڴˡ
һЦǺǣض˵ĳ֪;ǡ˷ɾʯܲɱ˽ӡ
ӻͷԶʯӣԼɢʬתڵ޶ܲ⣬֪Щʲô
һĳ֪㷽˵һ仰
üͷһΪǿˣ̬ҴȴֻԾԴȣмĸĪ⡣ڹ⡭
Ӽ̫ڽ̲סʦΪУؽ·һ
Ȩз˫ۣѣʦ֣λħ޲ߣСġ
ǹ˾񫣬һС«ĵؽ˵ĳԹµ⡣ʦֵǱΪ飬λֵܻǳʣ˴㲻ԩҡ
Ӵ£ʹ˸ɫ˵Ȼˡǰ˼仰޷ҪǸһ⡣ȻˣΨֵ¼¡ųڣͻ䡣

Ӹȫ޷˲ʧһŹ֮СҽȻֹҷ𡭡
顪
ȨӸΪңظѱ漴ըѪĽ
ۻңֻ׹ߣסͷһ
ǸһӶݣʹΣֻƮɱ̶Ȼ͵ϮΪײеɱ˿Ȩӡڽ֮½ʣһɵΪΪֻʹɾڵķȴȻǿ˹˭Ƕ֡
Ͼ룬ˣлӳһ⣬ȵΧ֮Ը߰˵˷ɶȥδɿɫ䡣
һ顱ϵ굴ǣһĻⴥĿģűһ׹䳾Ϊҽʮλ֣ת֮ȥ룬Ȼ֪ڣһȴֳֽ赲ݺ
һ̣֪ԼˣҴˡ
һλͬʱħǡǧΪ֮ѵģǵ֮һ޺ģǡǡױĮӡи㽫ΪпĺȻһǿ󣬿ȶڵĸˡĿ£ںޡԼȴ벻֪뻢ıƤֻϧλʦܡ
һв֮䣬ǿתȨӡӱɱӴܣѱΧƶʱûˣϿһƬҡ
β˲ʱǧ֮⡣ǰĻӰ˸ĽֱƶεɱŰǡڰæ֮УԶĵԭضţ󺰣ҡ
ΧԪӵλǧʿԭزȻ޴룬ҵԼⲢӭ
ȴǳûһھѪתһʧһ̣Ӱѵʮ֮⡣̲סͷĿȻŽһתĹͦȥµļλҴߣһĴܣ
ǸһȲʤȯȻΪûмΪɲʮɷ
Ӱһң־˲Ϣȥʮ
Ͽ֮Уȷɱ̴棬һȴڱصǽͣгбָüӡĬĬԶֻӴܵӰƳ۹еĺɢ
֮ͬʱ˴ӵվʲŵһУþʮλ֣߲ˡ
ԪʼԭûݵЩ԰סŽϿȡԼصѪȣӽס¡ǰʮ䣬Լµ֤ߡʱȴŪڷЩʲôڵؾ֮У˻ҪѪɷܵѰɣ֮ƴݿ࡭
ħǵλʿѣܻѾǽ죬ٻʶȤǰֶΡΪСȻСľ򡣴Իָ񣬱æϿźյգ񣬶õģȴû˭ٸš
æβżСߵǶĬȻӰǰ˫̯ȥʬʮߣýڴ˴Ŀ
һתк⻺ȥһϵһѽӶʱԼӲ鿴׻˵ȷ˰ɡ
ϲɫæлת·ʾ𣡴˴¶ڵر֮ϣΪ
һ˫̧֣űǸʯȥ
λħȼ硭ԪӼһִżɫ˵Ȼ֣նɱҪ֪ǳӿǾ˵ĵӣѣձк󻼰
һ۹бɫˮ
Ԫȴһ٣ЩڵذһڡɣԶʧǸĵĶʹͬһ仰ȴõɱնӦԹˮԼֺαضһ١
һ²ͣͻȻְ˭Ϊ̣ԡѪ˵


1300 ٴ
ǰǻɳ졣
ϿȵľͷһΡ
ڵλħʿЦݣδػͷԪҲָ룬泩ģֻһ˫ֶԴĮɫ
ǰϿȵʯ֮Упؼǳ֮ⷢ󣬲ɱ˸·ʿַᣬջǱ˺ˡ
ڵħʿԵõǧʯһЦտټļʹͣ˷ɷˣ
ԪӿԼǴְ֮л̣ѵʱĽ֮£˵۵ýƣȴҲǧʯһã治аϧǣԼ¼Ӳ쳣ԼӲɾʩΪòʹա
ʱæֺһλȴ޶ԣһԱĿٲȻĸ˷緶ԪڵʯӶ֮ʣλȴͻȻǺһٴ̡
ԪתŲԶλ˵ıӰһۣǰָ˵м㴺ɫǻĮޱߡĲ۽ľ죬Եʵޅȣ
һûлͷҲأԳԶ֪ΪΣһ˵ð֮У˴ǰ嶯ֻΪ˸··
Ԫӽ˵ҲѰͤԱԽϡı죬ڴҪʾ⣬ȴֽס
һȻ˫أԹĬĬǰУ˲ȥʮɡ
λЩĲɣĪӣʵ˿Ԫ˦´ӣΪȤҡҡͷ׷˹ȥڵ˽󡭡
ٴ˽ȣǰƬĮӵĹ޼ʡʶ֮Уͷһ˲ʷֱֻܱǰչȥʣʮ֮󣬻ˡɳɳ£ҲڲϵظŶû˱仯
֪һ¹ȥ
ǰĪ˵ޣɽ붼ӰնУվ벻Ϊ֧š֮佥Զ˴˾
¹ȥһͻȻӼͣУɫԳ
ֻΪ˸··ȴ;еķ羰ĮͻȻޱߣϡͿȥĪ˵£ֻ궼δܰȻΣĳ߲٣
һһƬ͹ɳϣ
ԶһǱӰԼġ֮⣬µˡö룬һ·ҲЪϢ޵ΪѲΪáԪпɣڵȴǿ֮ĩǿȥ;ƿݵĵز
һתǰ°ڣžʹЪϢȺȴ΢΢һǰԼӣ漴̤ն˹ȥ
ʮһСƬɳܲ۵¡һ״Ӱɳѡ⣬Ѳ
һ˽ǰȥһ硣
ŸɳӾһ߷صʬֳһλߣȥʱһ飬˺ۡǳ׼ɥڵ֣ǺľΪ¡
һѭʬصķԼ⣬ָһƻ棬ת뿪֮ʣȴַץȥһöССӴӻҽзɳġͽѰһɳַķ
ԶɳȻһ塣ĵһֹһ޼ʵĿտ֮УΪţ
о仰޷粻ˡ֮ǰĻĮǲΡ
һϥ£ɫɻ꣬ջ۹⣬ͷеĽӡ
ѰûʲôͬʮɴСĽӿռڴ˵֮һЩʯɾҩ򡢷ȵȰˡ
һʶڽڲ鿴һ飬ҡҡͷ
￴λӵӦЩֻаʯɼҲԣĳϿɱʿκһ֮ȣҪǿʮֹ˵óֻ͸ڵˣµʯȻ֮ࡣ
Ƭ̣һȻǵҩǷ󡢹ȵȣΪĴڣҲ̫ࡣ⣬λ˵Ҳкϡ֮
һ˫Ŀ΢أỺ˿
·£˭ƣ롣ĳһޣǿһʱ޴󰭡
һϢƬ̣ٴοϵĽӡڽ֮ǰȡһöԪӵ˾Զпһ
򲢷ǹǽ˵࣬ҼΪϸƪԻӣʮء
һ¡֮˵ĵţнƩʦĵţг֮⣻ֳԪӣбԪ֮⡣ӳӣҲҪһԼƮݲƷζ
ӵȴȡӣЩײ࣬ȴҲֵζƿʮأȻ֮á
һ΢΢Ŀȥ
ӣڰ˻֮ǧĵһ塣Ŀù˶ɺΣɴһʰӴﳤлûͼĵƤ̷˼ҩ㳢ŶУȴٳٲչͷۻɽʮ׽ںХ֮С
˺ƯķԾ˿ͷʮ꣬ȺΧΣڵϦǡԵȺżһ˳㱻гϿУŮ
Ǻ¿ڸж֮£Ϩ޵ɵͷʵʵع˷˵ӡ˭ϼвŽ˸СӣǡȺеĶ˫˫޹һѪϴɽ壬ʹԵնԼһָıΪ˶صˣΪ˿ӡ
ʮֻ꣬ӳɽѰʿûļ˱ʦ˱ͷ˵Ը޵ֻΪ˱볰֮ͷ桢״ؤ㱻һλʿչ¡
һԽʿؾżвྡջȴʦǿɽɱӣвӱͬŵĶ衣Ȳѣû˳ȥһʦ
ӷشɽɱԼӵȺȴû䡣֮ǨƵ⣬һ˷ǡȻţɺãϺûñ˾ңνĵõɣߵԡӵĹ·ǰ˰ش𣬺ʹ
ӷʦţһǿ𷣣һƴޡֳ֮ȥʦӴ˽թ̡ɱ¾ԣ뱻˰ڲҪΪɵǿߣ߬ԼС
ɱͣɱֻɱе·ˣɸѪȷлøá
㣬Ӵӽ𵤵ΪɱԪӤֻɱ塣߻ħһǼͣմɡŶթҶᡣˣȻ
ӽɾڣȴ޽˭˵˳棬ɾʿҲԪޡͷȥãȻǸߵ꣬Լң֮ĳԣʧ
ٴѰӵķǰݲ£ɷ硣ԲԵЦţݺᡭ
֮ӽʮһӡ֮У꺣ߵΣٴ̡


1301 ʮ򳾰
ʿԪΪĸߵͶͬ
֮󣬿ԻٶꡣҪƴڡǲȻֻܻΪࡣгɣ֮Ԫ
ڷ˿ѹԶʿ˵жѱռȥµĹǴôͽſ񱼰ɣµ꣬ȫԸԪӤڡ
һæӰϵ㣬Ȼκ˻ǲ⹦һʬ·ߡзԾͷߣٽ꣡
̻ûʼأ
ԪӤ񣬲סóԸߣνʮһ޳ԪߣԪǧꡣɵɽҲˡҪþԶֱǰ
龳磬Ԫǧ壬һǧ꣡
˴Ī⡣ӵ˾֮µĹעһ
մɣԻйľԪӵ˵ˡɣֱΪ򲻵ȡɾʮʮ򲻵ȡԵӦг룬δˡ
ʮ꣬Բ׺ɣʿչһأǧ֮áԪҲǶ˼붨ĹˡôָǺأֻ;ӰҴңһĽŲæĪٳɣЪϢ׷ȥ
߰ɣ۷꣬ĪȻ̤·עͣЪ׷Ѱңǰ
ɳ֮ϣһȻá
֪Ȼӡϸϸһ顣֮ʣ׷һİ˵ĽŲӱ̲ĺߡݺģһֱߵƬʬĴĮ֮Σп̹ĵɥ֮ʹصļ裬ֵѪɱ¾лɲǵĻΣΪ֮겻ѣ
ۼʬԵһΪӣֲʧ뾪ĶǡĳڼֻҲᲢۡĵӣԼֿȻ
жͯҥƣ˭νɣݽ죻˭νɣɻΣʵάꡭ
һ۹ƿǰƬɳѣɫ͸ŵɪɣǺʬԲΪҽĲߣһˡ
ǷǶԹӰ޺ѻع鳾ңңįɳ
һ£۹࣬Ҳ˼Ȼ硣
ɡɣкηֻҪԣ㲻
Ҳáգ˶Լľʣ˴˻Ϊ羰ͬĪǲݽһ羰ĵ׺ˣ
һϽ«ǡڴʱж
ĮŹ֡
һӰŴ嵽ɳϣ̶أ漴æЪϢкֵҵ·ˡ
ƣԪӣ׷
һͷҲصءšƺ«һڡ¡ƣѵζŨᡣν;ԭض˸ССȦӰˡ··
ԪǶһѵʯóһġ֮࣬ĿЩǵʵƳߣ֪жԲߣ
һܸɴ࣬ӦûУ
Ԫӿֻý˫һϡ£ʵۻˡҵϢһ
һžƶɫԶֵȴϢлм䡣ʮķɣɳ֮΢ĩ㡣ͷ˿˵Ԫӣ˵˵
Ԫ˫ۣɫ΢㵣ιд£
һɳмҲֲ˴ˡ΢̣صһһľһɳһʯΪĳڣλħǵĶ֡
̧٣²ҵ
Ԫæǫѷһ䣬סͷ㷡ദվã̡λǱҲ޷ڳ΢ЦƵģʴӡ
һ־˺«ϴ
Ԫӳ£˵µµΪʵûֵһ¡֮ãһֱСĽȴдʱ򡣳Ϊ³ϵǼ꣬ƽΪԻ͵һʱ⡣ҲݣȻ֮⣬ʲôֵûζģ
һûеȵҪĻش𣬺Щ⣬ȴҡҡͷ׷ʣǰһץƬмĻɳ˲һСƬԶɫ꣬۹顣꣬Īķ
Ԫӻڵѯʣȴ˳æɵϢȴ̲ס濴ȥλ£ȻŪɳ
һأԶǰƬϸɳ˱仯һСƬɳ̺żĪת֮䣬ɫɳƺ漴ӫٿȻ˲仯һĴָϸ䷨㣬йֳͨ˿ףǰߺһָ
״ԪӻȻ
ӦһûСţﻯζѡ֮ﲢİΪ
ԣﲢƾնɻɳƶɡȴֶΣɳԵֱӱм۳
Ƿߣ漴ɽȪӿϡĪ֮ȻʹڵʱһƬռ֮С˲䣬Ϫɸ£棬⾳ʹ˶Ȼҡ
Ԫɫֻ㱶Գ֡°ǻѾãȻ֮ʣȴɼ˲ö룬ʧ𡭡
һһ٣ȻըŹâƮȻ䡣ϸɳˣֻоӨмڻšת֮䣬ɳ׺Ƿת´ɫõԪӣʵкβף
ܻع鰲ԪӸ겻ҲŽƽæ°ӦͶķѣҲ޷ֻ̫ˣв֪ԺδΪˣͷ֮У̺ųصƣӰ޼Ѱȴڣ޴ӱܡУΪĪľɥȻ֮ȥǵǶгɡ
һԪӵ飬ֻԼľٶɵЦЦתǰ˵һ쳾ʮ꣬ȥֻڸƼ䡭ʱľǰηعʱȻͬȴϾ¡ִţԡǵʦо仰Ǹ
Ԫգĥһе⡣ȴֲΪȻ֮ʣһ顭
ԪӲŽſڣ漴Զλ˸ûķȴǿҡæ̧ͷʱĿȻ


1302 һ
ǿķ磬ͻ
𣬳̶ɳŰХضʱããɳ֮Уǡߵ˷
ɳϵȻȴɫ졣
Ԫз壬εƽϮĿɳƳ֮⡣˵ȻͻĪ⻹Щ񲻶ɳڷʶĿ֮£ȻʲôҲ
ǲǸ˵ֶΣǹĽƱ仯ȴԵ޹Һףʵһͻ״Ϊİ㣿
һһ̣ܱ͸ٿȻգֻһ֮ڻСˣȻҪ꼰ԪӡԷĲͬ۹һ˿ڴɫ
ŰݵɳǵضǻͫҲԱߡһʱΣݣ䡣ͻȻԵɡ
ǳ̫ãɳ㲻ֹݡ
ʱ֮һлӡŷɳŰܵĵ˱仯ĸߴʹ¡һԪڵɳҲѲڣǸɳ֮Сֻò˶ã˱һɳ³
һɳߣֻվδŲɳǰơԪӵ·𳾵ļơκλڵأƽ˼ֵĪ졣
һʱȥɳûͣЪļһǰһˣƶԶ
֮ǰĲ²ⲢδӦ飬һЩ⣬ɳǿֹסȥƣȴ㱻ԪӸһͷײϡȥ˲ܿ˶Է
ԪУİáиͷǰ·ʵȥ˲鷳νóԷͻȻЩ⧲æ׹׷Ѱȥһȴǻ谵
һδȣ˲ֱɳ
ڵһ֮⣬ǷݵɳէȻȥһ޷϶ĺǽڡԴ޶ԣֻ˫Ӷϼӿ죬һķĽ衣
һ۹ɫԳɡͬʱܻعڡ˳ɳӿ룬̧һ㡣
ֻһ΢Ĺâ֣ըѸĪķɳʢȴȻȥ֮ǰķ֮ɡʮɡ
Ԫͽ͵´ͷһ漴ףֺΪɥϢҾֹδ׹ԭضɫ˴Ҫ׸
֮䣬ǹһоȻʧˡ
ԪԻ½ӲȽţֹѻָ硣ȴδأԾɲ
ʮڣɳһ࣬ӡ˼
ԪƬ̣뵱Ȼػ˿ҿ˿̧˹ȥʩչĿǽ´۽硭Խ֮ɳҲѰȴԷв㡣ûзʵŵòᡣ
һ˫УǣԪӵĻţǷһĨЦ⡣
ĳֶΣֹСһءǽֲΪá˶ֽʮ֮ڡƫ
ǡڴʱŰֹķɳͻȻͷļ
һԪӽв֮ʣһ¡¡ĺ͸űǡ죬𶯡˲㵣ܾɫ䡣
ֻƵ֮£ԶһĿȻɳĮ󡣸ɳ˵ɳǷɳȻٿȥٲһ˿һӰİ֮Уʲôһ㲻ͬ
ԪӿУܽеͤǱǾͤɰǡ顱죬Ǻݺײһεıݣ漴ͨһˤڵϡ
ɳĮǿݻƵɫʣζߡһ޼ʵĿݻ֮Уһɫ˵ɳϣƾնһʯ̨ͤ
ʯͤӦΪ죬ߣжһԲ״ɡǡԶԶȥɳĮеһСȴޣ̺޵δֻ֪ԼĿ۴ɫ
һв²⣬ǽסЩ졣
ƽɳϳ˲ɳ㲻ܲΪ֮⡣ǷĺۼķɳĮļţӺз磬ΡȻЪϢȺ֮ʣɳʱĻߵǱһ״紺׵ĺϵʯͤӣҲһɫһ
𣡻ȥơ
֮߰⣬ԪӵȴǱָֻǰȲģ
һѭתףǸȻ״漴Ӧּ̧һ
ԪһλΪˣĻҴ䲻ĸ֣ʹΧΣڵϦҲ̫Ļҡʧ̬ǲ
ǴĲһʯͤ
ĿҪԶԶĿ־塣ɱҲǵסšһɫ٣Ϊ֮Ȼ
ԪӼһʩȴδкסɻ󡣶֮䣬һȳٻ˳ŷæл𡭡֮ʣֳԶߣǼСĵʱ򡭡
İ֮⣬ӰҡҡλΡڵˣһ·ˣţ۵İûʿ붴ʿУɣճԿĻԼеΪڸ·ϣεľ֪
һȴεҡҡͷ漴˿
ָãת˲޴׽ֻϧϾרˣƾ⾳ݼšҪоջˮɡ
һͷһۣǰԪӳ˵ķ˦´ӣŻȻתȥ
ڵ漴ָǿԭڴ˵Ⱥʱ·ڼƴһ

ʱ֮һٴۣ½ʯͤʮ֮⡣
һ˫פ̸Ԫڵˡ
֮һ̨ͤ
ʯ̨ͤһƬɳ֮ϡб̴Ĺâ΢΢˸ɷ졣ӵ״µƣٲѴ꣬伸ɳʴȴƬմȻʡ⣬෽Բʯгƽʵѹڻɳ֮䡣ͬΪ෽Բ֮ͤ£һϱϸľӨ滹Լļּ
ʶĿԲ̨ͤк״ֻͤϵּ֮УЩģ塣
ԪӴҪǰ鿴ȴֱӰһǫõ롭
ڵԾƣǶʯͤ⡣
һ۹Ѫɫһţ漴˵ͷӦ˴Ǿ̧ͤǰҽ
ת˲֮䣬˵̨ͤһɿ⡣һֹԸעĿ
͸˸⣬֮ͤϵļּ
ԪȻʧⳣ棬Хף컯⡭Ǻ⡭Ŷҡͷԣ漴ɻء
һĬĬ


1303 ֮
֮ϣ֡
֮⣬ֱ֣Ϊⳣ棬Хף컯ԶУԶӦ
ǳ׼ԣศУ׶ȴҪбɬ
˽ڹĦ֮ʣԪⲽ룬һü˼һԽΪΪּͨڣܻ֮ɴб仯Ψܹ˴ſõ˽ȡ죬νޣ
ħǸֻҪǸʿû˭ĸ򣬸οʱ˿̵ĻԵ
Ԫӽһ٣ַź̶ͣתһڳ̵ֽĿǣ²˵¼ǳ֪ΪȻ񡭡
һҵڵ˲޶£ͬĬĬע顣ԪӶʣ۹һƳӦȻ
Ԫֱͦݵ˫ձԾָζֵ֮νӷ֮ޣĬˣʶҲҲǺǡ
һǼҪ־ڹͳ˵Ҫ徫裬һλ˵Ĳ硣ڵ˼Ĵ٣Ȼ̲סͷ
˵ļΪֱ׼򵥡
һΪȻص˵ͷ˵޵вԵ޳Ͼ̸
⻰еԼ˵йԪӴЦȥ
һ£תֵһú·ķӣǺǡӭԪӣ΢ЦɫͶ̹ϡ
ԪȴЦһ漴Ĭ·ķӣԼһ֪ƼСõŲ֮
˱Ϊ漴ֺͿҲҲƾԣԪӿһλͨĸˣ˵Цѵ
һԪӵ鿴ǵЦЦƽĶۣЩĶ֡
Ԫѻ֮ãΪǼʶв֮ΪԹˣԵ֪мأĳȣҲҪѷһ
ĳŲ˵Ц
·˶ᡣҪúõһȴף
˶֪кһҳڣҲʧеߣмˣ
֮ϵļ֣ӦΪǰֻԼӴĦᡣֹڴˣ򲻾ȻҪ֪ɷͨԴУȻ֮أȴδʩչ硣ĳĸÿÿ㣬ԵʡνľǡõҪּǰߺһջáɵ뷨Էеض仯ɺ绽ףŤתǬǣ
ָ֣δ֪㲻ͬĿԴ
ԪӱƬ̣̲ס£ͽ޹Ψȣߡڳɹҡҡͷֵֻҵȵã·ҪͤбɴԽȥ𡭡
һΪ֮ףϡ
Ԫ룬һ˿ɫ
һ΢΢˵ͷǰȥŽԪѸһƳ˻æ
ת֮䣬һ̤֮ͤСδڣޱߵĴɫŵѪ

һ±ߣ׳
²ߣɡ֮£µǰɽɫãɽִ
׳£Ǳ뺷ɱһ޶ֻһ˳ֵһ˺һӣһ롣
ֻһ·У˭ͻȻûȥ·ֻͣ£Ĵȴ˵
Ϻǣͱ£Ǽȥ˺δѲһˤˣǰæһ
ߣߴ·ѣ¸ƨ
˵ֵܣ·Եִأܲƣͷΰɣ۹
СһԣҲʾһֶΡұµ΢ʵıб򡭡
˭Сͷأ֮ǰСͷˣȴ֣ǿ벻̡
ǾͶְɣ㵹ǸɴһЩ
ɷ

ٺ٣УǷѰۺδʮɡ˵磬̨ʤǼ龿㵽ʲôطȥء
ͷˣŪɷ磬ȴᣬʱйֻЦȴǾе߳ת
¶ȥһʮɿбɽ¡ɽµľͷޱ޼ʵɽ֡
ǡڴʱʮ޵ĺӰɽּתֱ¶ϵǹ޽һɵߣĺë֫˶Ŀˣһ֮ʣɽ¶š顱ֱ졣
״ԭսĻͷ¶ε飬޺޺еɷȺϹԳޣޡ
ǧɱ¾̶̵뼸ͷС޸ҳݣȨչˡδ䣬ѳ˳ȥֻ̧һ硣
ͷںغߵߺߣԭӡˣȴǲ͵ɽ£ӰһƬơ
ЩԳ˵ֿȭȴƤ֮ײбŰΪڣû¶׳ֵѴ˺ü£ϹޣֱɱʤɱڵĻͷö֣зʤΡ
һɱ޴ӱ⣡
һ䣬һͷԳںбأȴѪɣֻйâ˵Ĵͷ漴ʧ١
һƬѹһĹ޶ʱԵڵأٳһеĺӰȻ
һͷ޵ȥһͷʮӰĴڲֹвݣһֵ֮͡;бȫ޾ɫһɱķ
龰Ҳң޲죡
Щ޲Ѫ֮ؼһӰײпɲȴֻ֡Ҫ˸и˵ᱻ˺÷飡
ʱʮͷޱնɱеɽ£Ҳͣ޶ֵŵ¶ЪϢ
ͷǽԣ˿ɱ̴棬һ˫ȴЦ⣬ֳ̳ӣŪʦȫȵĹ𣬸¸¡
ץһ̳ӣĿ㰺ʹ̳˲ףɽ£һʲôһžҡͷȻζȴ̫һϲϴվơ
ͷž̳Ӻݹ˼ڣζҡԴЦСͽһƬТģ㵱ȻƷζΪʦ˲á
Żͷšּģһȭҹȥһɫ΢ʾͷǷ
ͷЦɣȴͣƣգţ꾹Ȼ͵ת߼±ߣ˵ֵܣ㷽ĪͶʯ·
ŵ±ߣ˵ͽͱ֮ą̃ʤǼȻټϤΪԽ֮Ѱȥһָʾʹȥз֡
ͷмʶ˵ʲž̳ˤ䣬ҲϢҾӸ߸ȴѱö룬±ΰȥ͵˺һ۵ղʮɣȥȫƾ裬Ҫˤ˵ġ
ʵǲ
ͷ˫ĿƬ̣ͻȻеľ̳ӣһѳۣ¶ȫתζٷŵؽе˭˭


1304 ϹŴ
Ӱ
˵ƨӣֳɽ
еǵˣǸӵˡܷˤҲۡĵȴʣ޼һ˺˶ϧ;޴ͷԷ⻯鷳ܲƤȫ޸˷緶ǲǶϴֵɴƨһأǻ㡣磬ǲң
¶ӦɸߡɽµܲľïʢϪ٣ƣһ¡ͻȻӰ׹£澪ޣǵһڷ磬Լĳ˵ĺΪ˼ƽ˼ֱ
Ӱײ͸ң۵糸ɽš
ת֮䣬ʮɡ
ֵ߶Ҫǿֹסȥơ˭·Ũأȷгɣ˫˫׹ȥ֮ˮĽͻ
ͷڳ첻µļƣçײ赲´ּһ̶ȴԼɼҪԭ·ض飬ʹȥҲݾǳˣ֣ƳȫƲסһӰˮ
÷ӵնκԼ̫죬Žֱۣ׹̶С
ͷǲֱӱǴִĺӰȻŭȴ䡱һˮס
̶ˮаɵķԲɽϪ٣ΪֻƣܸджççԭһľڣͻȻˮɾֱյĹӰżڶ漴˫˫ͨء
ģһС߶Ҳ񡭡
Ǻǣͷжʮɣߡ
ΣͷԣұؽƤѪ⡣ң뵱꣬ǻʱ򣬻һƣ㡭
˭أᡭ
ֻҪһǿ޸װı󣬵Ǹҷɱʤɱʤ
˴ΪڶδһССĻͷ
ףӡ
úᵱ£Ѳ㶯ꡭ
ЩϹΪ⻯ɣûȥʵȤ
ͷ̶ߵĲݵغƽ̹ɴඪһƨ£泯ţԾˣֵ׷£һֻɱǸ̨ʤġ
ó׵ܵΡ
̶ڣλһССϿ֮Сɴ˶ȥǧһƬ޴ɽȡͬǹľҲïܣһʱƵ÷ǷѰ˱ȣвö֪£Ψд˴δ㡣ЪϢһмƽϲ١
߳ڵϣ漴ڻͷ죬ӻ˵ϴ󽻴̨ʤлһȺӥȮľȲ޷˶Ŀˣ
ͷֱۣӣȻԵõȡһŻȴ͸żɱ޺˵̨ʤӶʮ꣬ˣߺߣڤԾ˿ࡢܹǺ
ɫƽһǰĳȣӦֹ̨ʤһˣľȵʿ֮
ֵ̨֮ʤν˼ۺ졣˲ݷ˵˹ȥԷȴǱܶս׷˴ɱ̨ʤټļλ̨֡ʤǽӶݣ漴ʧããɽ֮жѰ
ͷΪȻһʹ죡
һֵܷ峡ϣõʱһ㶼ֻҪĻġ
̨ʤɢƵűܶս뼰罫סȻħǸֻһɱˡ
ͷŽֺ͵ţ˵ҲǡֻϧϴܶˣȻɱ̨ʤˡҵϴ󰡣Ե˲ʡأᣬȴװģ
߳죡
ͷҡŹѾӡ
˿ۺʱεأڮϴ󣬸аֵĲǹءȻұҲֵܡ
ͷһ֣ΪȻоֹϴ֮硭
ٿ͸ɱơ
ͷֻùƨһæϣ޵ٸһס׸ϴ󣬾˿ɱȡ
۹һбߵϱӾ͸Ҳ
ͷһͣЦ磬ں˫һʣƵֵܣֻϴ󲻿ϴӦԭͷתķЩϴ񲻼Ӱұ˴ҲѰ·ķơ
ͷǰƺ֪һЩԷᣬҲú档
أţʾҿ
ͷ⣬
ԭ̵֮ϣ֪ʱֳһԼĸӰв衢ޱڣɽɽࡣٲȻǱ֣ȴΪĹޱҸӵ𺳡ϣֱһ֮ۿַ·ԴѰƵڡ
ͷȻǡ
ϲǲľ磬Դ֣ͨʵˡ֮ȣҵڲСһ硣ߡδ䣬ڵһץ˳һָʾǰΪȣ·ڼɱ̨ʤѰϴ󡭡

뻢ͷæ׷ɱ̨ʤѽһԶԶֵϴǸܵʹԶڸֶȫˣҲؽΣݡʶֵط꣬籨Ҫ
һΪϴͬԼֵܡһһıãвء·ҲæǰڣǾı죿
һдɽȼ䣬һƬ̴纣ǰߵӰǻ
̤Ǿͤ˲䣬˱㱻ˡ쾳βҲ鿴һ
ԪɽȼһȦأԭسɵļʾ˴ΪϹŴ֣Ũƣ·ްǺǡⲽһԣŵЦϣŲвͬУǻԵࡣ𣡿ɷ
һ֮󣬱ɽеƬĬȻ񡣲֪Ƕþ˻ֻ¡аʱ˶ҲֱԪ߽ѯʣγѰת۹͸һ㵭Ȼ漴΢΢˵ͷ
ԪӴһ飬̧ʾƿʹٶУ԰գʶȤתͷǰ·˲һ׷ȥ
һأƮȻǰ۹ٴӹƬ֣̲סȻ¡꣬ɫһݡ
Ƭ̣Ԫڵѵʮ֮⡣ȥȴͻȻһͣ˲䣬زǧƵĺӰ˷


1305 
ʲô
һӰɶ೤ף̶ֶ֫ݣɷĿԡ֡ʯзӵҡͷβж磬Ԫӵ˹
ϹŻ
֮ҪϹ֮˵ЩںѾ翪֮׺ɣıǨ֮󣬵Էߣе˳̫СײгԡӶޣ򽥽νﾺ棬
Ԫмʶһ۱ϳЩ޵̲סһˣֳŲԶԭصڵ˺ȵ޿ԪӤʿȽӦԲѡ˵һ룬Ǻĵָ䣬ȴתߣ˲ʧӰ
ö룬Ԫһв伣俴ȺбȺȺһŭǲݵ³ԼǶĸˣԵԺãһȺɱüСһ
޴룬ʱѹûҪΪ֮ж¡ˣҲԿһο㹻ˣأ˴û˭ޱСţҲӡ
һͷͷϹŻڶӰʧһвδʹգǧ޻ȻȺɽȼļյءһȺֱǧһӰȥķɳʯٲǧڱʵС
һǰͻ״ŸԪڵˡڶΧͬ߻¾ǡȥûԶ򲻵òͣԪӴͷβ䣬˸Ч¡һͶȡɣıɻأ
ת֮䣬һȺ˵˰֮⡣
һأԲлͫ˸
֮ͬʱԶļյѱȺû漴𼸵ӰбԪӲŽɣȥ衣ֻʮͷβأ֫ڿնΣֻüɽӦԡȥӰ˲µ޼Ϯһʱмܲ
һȺϹŵ޶ѣȥʿ֮ǲޣɽ⻯ˣǿĹƻǷͬСɡ
䡢䡢䡪
ԪʶȺ޵׺죬漴ѱߵӰײϡ令巨˸æҡҡ׹֮ʷɶݶܡ˭ʮɸߴν赲Ȼ֮鼱ʧѰѳ֣顱һ
ڴ˼ʣĺӰХ
ԪδأѱĹƸûз壬вڱ˺顣һ߻Ӷɽҿһδȣٱݺײȥ
һλĸ֣Ⱥ޵Χ֮±˵ǱԿ
ڵ˸ǽп಻˱ٻֿΧƣӦΪЧԪӵֶα㲻Կû뵽ȴŪɳ׾
һܵΣȺĹ˵˽ǰɫ΢ȥΡȺȴɣûʧֵļٻ˲
ЩΪƴڣȻ䲢Ѫ֮ǲܻͫ
Ե飬һʮͷѺХɽʯѸƲɵ̷ڶӰ紱ɷǾˣ
һٳɣ˦һ⡣
ɲǣȻһƬĿĽ𻪡ѽߵļͷ޶ʱ÷飬ɱȻŭȥǡ̿ڱƷƣӿȺȻ
һֲ飬ٿȻɳĽɫ⻪顱ըȻһ˵ʵʵĽ𽣡ÿһɲǣһˡ漴âһһ仯ʯ֮䣬ǧâξ˺ȥʮɡʮɡɣ콣ʱķȺɣȴڽɫĿ֮һһ
ԪӲŽֱ̤ڵءɽȴⱻͷ©ĻײϡɵĴһ弱ײʹ˲ӦȴְٰΡ
ǡڴ˼ʣҫ۵Ĺâϵɱǵضʱڿգɢȥƿӵɨ
ԪӡԼڵλʿһԭضȻĹˡ
ɽȼȻɱңŰһʱȺҵǽֶʧ
⻪ȥ˱˫ⲽС
Ƭ֮һ۵һֳַɽΣ˹лۺη֮ɫȻ˶һ㡣
Ԫӵ۹ŴҴһӹ漴תǰǵӰЦݣ˵㷽ʩչĽ󣬵ǳаǧԱɱǺǡ
һȻߵ˼˵ǰڳԶаҲ
Ԫӱп䣬ȴԷɫܣɵõͷ˼£ֻ˿Ž˵𣡴˵ΪŹ֣Ҳ̽һмƽϡԽ֮Ϊȣ򲻴㿴£η壬ǲٴһȺ޵һȺӰڽûʤӮƴȫҲϹ󹤷򡣶вֽݾ˵޴󰭣ȴȴʤ䷳
һĪȺŹ֮ƾŲ׵ΪǶһ٣ȴٲҶԪӱ˿ĽңֻһķԸ
һȻԶջ۹⣬ǰĹȿʾ⣺˵زɾߡ
ԪæһԡųڣһӰ
ˣɲԣ
ԪεʱӲؿڼƾڵ˴ȥأһ޶ԡ꣬ĿȻ
ֻɽܵĴ֡ʯ֮䣬һӰӵ֮زɲһǰʤǰ
ԪٲҶ룬æתڡǰӰȻȥԶΨ˺ͷ
ǧԶԶֹӦóǧ򣬻ɽҰƬȺĻ˷ضɽҡη
Ԫȫۣȴ̲סЩĻҡǰѽɽȣԼ⡣ٴαʽֻ²ҲѲƤԼŲδкΣΪϵȻĪǴ¡
ϢĹ򣬺ѹѹȺѳɺ£֮ơһ϶ۼʧеӰȴûӳɽȡһԪӴ󼱣ƴʩչΪǰ񱼡
䡢䡢䡪
һײ֮УԪӵӰеҶԲиȫӶɽǿп·Ӱ;ĩ·ľҧгݣ뷢Ƶشţɱɱɱ
䡢䡢䡪
һҾ徵죬߸Ԫ֮յس˾κˡ伱ӹȿڣȴӰפϾ룬ܻʱߣʱ
˳ǰС
Ԫͷ΢ѵ˰֮⡣δŪ׷ŵǾ仰˶ĺӰ


1306 ɽԽ
ųѣ뻢Ѩ
ǴĲͻͷòªĹԽʮɳӣ״ߣȴڸ֫ϳ˫ѸֱͣԪӶݺ
ԪδȣȻɫ䡣
⾰죬˵ն񾳵أܲ˴ˣ
ԪزҴ⣬ȻȺŹ³伱ףһȥȻĵɳľ޴âԴɱֱӭʮ֮ͷޡ
ת֮䣬ײ
Ԫ̧ͷȴδе졣ֻͷͻȻȶűϵֻ򣬾ڰлһ⣬ܿɽתٴηɺΧ֮ơ
ֻͷϹ޶ѣѵҲ֪˷ɽ޹أɱ¾ʹȻ
ԪͰţҪٻطɽΪʱæתſһڹ⣬漴ּ̧㣬һɳħƿն͵һͷ·ĹϡȻը죬Ӱ䲻ݻƳ˳ȥ˲ѵʱĹȿڣȴ°شҴֹסΡǰݣǱڵϡ
Զ˲ʧʱطеǰΪǿ岻ѡ
Ȼ˸ͣȻԪӳϱħǸˣһ
ߣȲѣϲŲһȺ޼ƽϡС٩г֮⣿
Ԫ̧һУɵħٿȻʧ
ǰɽȣһΣɣҾȻ㱾ţǳ뻢Ĵսδ
һƬžɽȡǻɵĹͬûӰֻççԲԣԼޱߵĪ⡣
ö룬ֻнڵɽǿ鰲ȵĵطɽ֮Ǳ鲼ƣ㣬㽫ȺΧ
ԪǰϢƽɫӶֻ˵ǷѡСҳԵЦд޿̣Ȼ߳С
һӰǰʵ񡭡
ɴСĹȿڣһͰɽ֮ϣɽҽߣշΪһȥ䵱ʮɿиɽȡ֮ǰ˽ڴ˴۹ɶһȴЦЦ
ԪƤ鴤£ʾ⣬תɫ糣޹̾⻢Χֱ裬ʵջ𡭡˳ƻһָ˵ʲߵĹϹޣΪţ츳ܣʿľ磬䲻գȴһηơ
һڲԶվЦԪӵ飬ΪȻصͷ͵˽ڶ࣬޼ɵʵЩ鷳˵أȻ첻˵ͫԸЩޣҪɽֵҲѡ޴ڣ㼰ʱѡκţԿ⣡
⣬ϹΪȴԶʵĻĸǿ߻һȺǱһƬɱ˵Ӱӣټȥؽֹ֮УҲʹսᣡ
ԪӼһҲ޲ߵģԸаοȴ̲סǵָǺãѲҪ;ϡ
һʼͷתһԣĬĬ̧ͷ
ԪҪ˵ȴû˿˵һ˦ԭ˲ӣвڣֱ˵ءɽǲա
һԪӣأ
ͷȻ߲ɲ⣬ȴѲǴǰĻʣϴ羵ԼƬ̣ƹ仯̶ֳӴɽ֣ԼﷱϢľϸƣǹ޼ʵƹ󲢷ͣͲڻ仯ԼԼ֮䣬ɽѡз׵硢ǿʳǨ
Ƿ˼һУƹ󣬻ǵϵĽƵӰһ磬ԵοЩ죿
һ۹⿴ԵɽԼķ̧ͷǵ˵Ϊ龰֡ˣǾһűľ޴ͼ
ԪԭתƬ̣źͣ˽ŲŲԶ˵һƳתһԷڳ췢̲ס˵ԭأͷ¡գٸĵ֮
뼸λͬɫһڡǰһ·ӻʹ粽СԪȴҪͷ£˲Լ˵
ԪӸ̧ͷȥʣΡ
֮Ϲ⻪Ҳ졣·ҪǰҼĪ⣬̧ͷпĹ򣬻ͷµȥ
һȻͷӭԪӣ˵Ը
ԪӰ˿ЦǺǣʵ˸˷緶˺޽ųûɽȴһԾԾԡֻӽȫӵؼУȺľӦòѡֻѰ˵еıȣԽǰĵ߲㡭
꣬Ԫת
ֲΪԭһڵ˽վԭûзͷ·ļ
ǡԪӲ⡣
Ա㣬ҵ˼СһĲɵػһ䣬̧Զڵ˸ͷͣһɫ
ԪЩΣһʱԶԡ뼴̶ȴֳٳŲŲ
ڴʱһֵλΪ֮ˡһ仰̧֮ٳһѽ𽣣һԾɽֱʱƬɽȡȥ֮ӰڵϬԼͬؼڶ𣬾Ȼ𳾶ȥ
գ֮ʣɽֻʣԪӶһˡǰɫɣȴϾ㵣æ׷ǼĪԼ״
֮˲䣬زǧɽȵĸð˳̹֮ƾˣ
һ߼У;Уӱһסֶȥһǧɽ⣬˲ʱɽֱǰΪϸΪ˸ĽâƣٲȻǽ󿪱ٳһ·ɶȥٿȻû֮жӰڵ˺ɣһȥƲͣ
ԪֻһǳǧĻѷӵٲҳɣȥ磬һͷǰĽ֮С
ڴɲǼ䣬ǵصȺȻûƬɽȡ
ڵĺӰ֮Уһ޴ĽɫǰǱһƳҹĳͣд߶ʱҷ𡣶Žǧɡǧɣת۱ɡɣٿȻᴩɽȣһֻڴϢ֮䡭
ǵĽȥһɽٴΰ
һ۵խɽ֮ϣߵӰվΡеһ˽Գǰ˼ڵǺתһɫԪӳǼСһۣ¹
ɽ࣬ǲŽᴩɽȡɽڵҲࡢ࣬Ϊͱڸ߷塣ڵǰйʯᾶ͵֣ïܵĴľͬضȥ·˼䣬һݾ֪㣬Եζһ٣ΪҫǷĽ⽣󡭡
Ԫɻ𣡴˴ǰݣȴ·ȥܷܲɽԽɡ
㲻ȥΪˣ
Ԫɫһګګ⡭תŷ˵䣬ԶǵӰȴͷҲûأֱǰԾһ鶸͵ʯʾȻ·ȥɽԽֺη


1307 н
շۣ֮֮䣬ߵӰ´жȥ
һԾһʯһ㣬ǰӣ˳̤ҶڿԾһ·֮ϡӸ߸ϳĹâƬ֮չ˫ƮȻ£δԶٴհתۼԽһɽ塣
ǰʮʮɣѭһ㼣ɱǰ;й˵ر鲼ƶɽ֮ȴ϶ɳáֻСģɰѲҪ鷳ȻʱٲϹ޳ûиߴʶĿΪۣµг̲˶ࡣ
Ԫһ֮ϣŲŲæطǰ
ǼСΨ̤˵طһһӡСηηľֹ뾪֮û
ԪӼʮһӰŽȥһʯͣƾԼҵΪ˵ѽǼСԶԶ˦󡣶ȴֻಽʵЩơ
ɽУɽԽȻΪһݾ˵ⷨӻԼģֻԳɰˡ
Ԫָ룬Զķ
ɽ䣬ɽãƮȻȥһɫ
Ԫֻ뻳־סһǿݵҲ˼ɡ̧꣬һ̤ƮҲʧѸֱӰ׷ȥ
һǰһʮɸߵɽ壬ͬ㵲סȥ·ɽ࣬Σ֡ȥƲͣһԾ߰ɣżͱϽһ㣬նѵ˷֮ϡٷ֮ʣԶķ۵ס
˴ǰԼҽĸɽ£һƬΪɽȡҪǰУΨѭɽƶȥԽĹȵأִܵɽ塣һ;⣬κԤϡ
Ҳֻɽ֮ϣǿѰһƵķ϶˵ǽݾ˵աʲôطһ˶ֻ֪ȥķӦɽˮΪŨֽΣ»޴Ӳ²⣡
һ̧ͷεƳǡ
ȴƹ仯ҪѰ;ָס
һɫһæ׿
ڵλħʿɢڰڵʯɽԼͱ֮ϣפЪϢԪȴƲֱͣԽ·֮˵ͷƮƮģѲ˼״ɵøŴһʱȻԶա
һ΢΢ü
ǡڴʱͻȻзѵ졣
һȻէȣ
֮˲䣬һ˻쳹ķһ޴ĺӰƿնʮɣ˫˫㣬磬ֱ·
ڵæɽ֣һЩ֪롣
ԪڰգҲɫ΢䡣ֹǰŶ˼·ѵͼ˵ش˽ƣǺӰѳ嵽˽ǰѲݶ롣Σңſ³һ⡣
顪
һ֮У͵ĺӰѵħ֮˲£쭺ԪαȲתȴ벻˿ǺЦһͷϹӥѣȺС£漴ǿԽǰʮɣȻƫ֮ǰ·Ҳܿյأӽһڵɽ塣ҪƶϣǷѵĶ
С
ԪǰУ
ʮ⣬ƿðһһӰȴˣֱԼͷ޲Ϊѵǳ𲻳ɣ
Ԫӻһ㣬ĺɫٿȻ֣ӭͷӥ֮ɲǣԶһƷ죬ʮӰ˷Ϯ
һʱ֮䣬ХɱŰ
ԪӦӲϾʱæȴڰգҲãΪΡ鼱ǣ̧ǰһָ;мת϶ΪһֱǰһӰȥԷƶ·ֱӴɽԽǰȻʣɼ
ԪӶʱп಻Ϊ˰ӥΧȽƼʮɡȥ̫Ȼһͷڳɽ¡ɣƾ裬ҪأΪʱæԽ⻤壬漴һʯͷ׹ȥ
ǰ󲻹Ϣʱʮͷ͵Ϲӥͻת˲ʧ١ڵŵôԭûҶԪ׹ɽ¡ԵУȴ͸żֻķԸеֻҪƣ㲻¹޵Χ̫Ϊǣ³
һվǵͻɽ֮ϣͬЩۻҡ
˵ϵԪӻᴳȴû˵ļСͱھ֮Ͻɢ϶ɳãвֻθ㡣ǵɽȣһ޴󡭡
һǰŲŷµɽȿȥ
ת֮䣬Ԫֱ׹ɣȴڴ֮ǰڣƮȻʮ֮⣬һһ߳ķһƬݵ˼Ŵżֵɫ𣡺ιʳɲ
һ̧ۿɽȶ档֮⣬һɽֱɽ֡
ԪӸֵǺǣ뵱ϡЦݣڳĵȴģ
һûӦڵʾ£ת̤˳ȥʱ׹ɡʮɣǰڣƮƮԪӵԡ
ڵ̶
Ԫգֵһؿ·ȷ棬Ťת֮ǰξأãֽ̧ħУ˵ɽвȺţʵѵáɴǰȥз֡תͷǰУָʮɽ֣˵ϹţǬУǴͨнƻǧľȴٰҿ
һԪӲǰڵ󡣶Է˵ǰɺɫΪľӲٺòǹºɫѲݣ綾ޱȣΪǰɫɽʯǶů֮ƣȵȡ˴ĵر׽ǣϧ·æϾ˼
ԪΪĵħʿϹ֪ࡣټͷ£һ·֮ϲҲһԴЩİҫһʶ
һ˴ɽджʼղ״ٽɽȵľͷ˷˽Ų
ֱߣɽ£Ѫ֮Уɢż߲ʬ״ǽ壬ʱĲ龰
Ԫʾ˿󣬶ǰ鿴Ƭ֮˵رһսħʿɣв֪˭ס
һδ͵صȺ򣬶ߵ˲ݴеİزʬǰһλ꺺ӣӦǱӣʣһֱֻһͷ­˫ۻԲţȴ͸޾ãȻԽ˴ߣһΪǿˡԶȥ٣ν˱Ϊ˰飬ع鳾
Ԫӵֽźڵ˰æȷȥʬüǬӡҲǫãӺִͷɽȥк˴ʱҲ
ɽʮɿ೤˲ľɴϽߣɽʯ쳣
һԪӣ֪ɷЦЦԷȥתѵʮ⡣
ʱܵɽͻȻҡ˻֮˵սľ
Ԫȥһ٣Ȼʧ·ͨæתҪسȴֳֽ𽣷ɱȵнˣȥ


1308 ɽ
ٸߴ׺ݵĹԾšţһĽ֮¡
ߵӰȺɱһ·ֱɽϳȥ
Խһɽڣ˸䣬ѭɽбɣһ˱ͣ˽Ų
ǰգͱھ롣
Ԫӽ߼ͷ´ҴһƳԹضβ²֮ߣһأ˵˴·ͨ
ڵѡԪ˵Ī⡣ǲɽ£ֻԭ·ء
һŵ±ߣеĽâͷԼӸ۹гâһת̧ͷԶɫ˼˴˾΢Ϥ
ȺԳ
ڴʾ⣬ѭȥġʮߴĹ·ɽּ˹һ죬֫ŵأܼ죬ת֮ѵʮ֮⡣
Ԫּ̧һɫ⣬ͷ߳ɱɱӣͷȺڵ֪ΣҶײֻøųȥһǶԭأĬĬⳡ֮ս
Գɸߵĸͷ֫˶һеĺɫʯҼΪ׺쳣ȣʿֶҪΪǿһӰҰڽ±˿ȥǲһƮεĻӰɱ¾ȴʵڡΪ֮־壬Ϊ֮Ҳܽء֮䣬˭˭Ķ֣˭ֲĶ֡
һ֮ʮͷѱնɱµɽϣûв֫ϱۣûеεѪֻλʿȻĹ˶ɱԪӸǴ߶ɽǻмͱ˵ļơ
λɵĸ֣ӦһȺϹޡؼʱ̣һ׳֡һֱ±߹սԶķĶ˵ʶշ磬ȴã֮̽ĶߡֽΣһʱ޴֪
ԪӼɽ²Ⱥûг˵ҵʱɽȣʧΪһ֮ءҾ͵طأмƽϡ
ûӦ뼸λͬǺ˼
Ԫڵ˵һۣⲽתֳַɽֵ̧ΡһԸµ¿·ɽȥ
һû֮ǰǰǲɵҡҡͷصĳȣȥнˡ¡
¡Ԫ̲סһ䣬漴Ƥ£Ϊѵ飬ȥ·ȻϾ޶ðգʵΪ֮١
һԪӣ˵ϱ޾·ߡǲߣһ٣ֵλԱ㣡԰գͻȻתԾȥֱʮ⣬ռ׹
ƣϱ·ű·ƣϱ޾·ȡ벻֮䡣𣬺㡭
Ԫӻŷ˵䣬ǰһӰ΢΢£ס˿漴ˤ䣬ɽ³˹ȥ
ڵͷһᣬ׷ɽ¡
һ׹ײңȴǰ壬ֲʧʱطȥת֮˵ϡδ⣬½˼Żͷȥ
ʮ⣬һ̶֡˲䣬ӰʱƳšкӰڣըˮɽƾˡ
һ΢΢Ȼȴһתߡ
ɽޣϷӥˮвԡ죬ǰ治СԪڵӦһأΪ֣
̶ڵɽʮСݱأΪƧ䣬޹޵ϮɽһʱҲȻݡ
һǰУشɽȡ
ɽȵľͷиɽ赲ûȥ·ǧͱȴѿһɿķ϶ͨǰʯͻͬȮĪ֮£ȴɽѷӦͨһƬΪ޴ɽȡ
һͱڵѷǰͣ½ŲϳâжȻ
֮ͫ£ǵѷеĽҶȱȫӦΪǿײ£Ҳ̫ķաκѷȥֻۣܹʮĳ̡
һĿ֮ʣϲϽ«˼ھƣȥѶк
£ҵȴһ
ʮ֮⣬Ӱλ졢ĸֺԸһͷ̶ԣûеٹ򡣶ҲˣҲɱˣҪ׷ȴȥˡԪڵ˼æ
һתȥ΢΢ҡҡͷĳû£ֺ֮˵
Ƭ֮ӰҴҵ˽ǰеԪбԹֵҵ׷У
һеĺ«˻ΣſԪڵˣЦЦ˴ҽͬУһɶõԵ֡ĳЩȴò˵Сƺ«һ˫Ũü˸ŵɫ˵죬һж޴Ԥϡʱֻĳཫѱʶһ仰һ٣ֵڣĳһءأеءˣĪ󣡡
һ·֮ϳ־ˣǱŵ˳ΪϾһȥڵ˵ȻͬһҲǾԵ֣
λħǵʿȻһеķ˵׷棬˵Ǹһ·ˡΣ֮ʱԲ޲ҪͷŴγȡڵ˽Ǿþ֮˸ǿұ죬һٴγԵѣæһӦ±ص£ԲĽ̻塭
Ԫһǿˡװӣȫ·ļơ㼴֮ʣ˲ƵᡣݵϼЩЦݣ˵Աģ
뼸λͬ黻˸ɫԸ̲ѡԪֻ֪鷳޹ȣܰȻˡ䱾ȴ벻ԾȻҲֱ£
һԪִ׷棬δܾ˵ͷ˵ȥΪһɽȡǷȣδ֪ɫ΢ת˶ʱһ磬תۼʧխķ϶֮С
ԪӲ󣬴߶ɫ⻤壬׷˹ȥ
ڵҲǾͷһ񣬸Բ˼СȻˣϲ¥ҵִĵ߲㣬ɱһԵ
һѭɽʯķ϶ǰ󲻶ϴײĶ䲻ԪӵˣֻרעС䣬ۡȥʮȥȻʡüͷƳǵһ죬תǰ
Ƭ̣ɽڡ
һֳΣ漴ɽ֮ϡ
ǰһƬ޴ĺ̹꣬ʤˡǿޱߵĺ浱䣬ȴƯһʮСʮӰشܶзкɱ󡭡
һԼԶŨüȻ𡭡


1309 ĳڴ
һеʮ﷽Բƽӯӯܵĺɽɫӳɾ
С룬ǾһԲεʯ̨ĳߺ񣬰ˡɵļ
Ƶʯ̨ѰȴžʯĹâɢŨ̫֮ǿķܡɣһͨ󷨡
Զɽ֣ȺԴ䣻ˮ羵ꡣԭһɾĴڣѳһģ
СǰվʮλʿΪ׵׳һǰװ硣ϵĴֲƤǸ˴³ֱˬĴʱֱЦٲȻһĺĻĶˣ
󷨵֮⣬һƬµء
ֻâ˸ʮµ϶ɱսĳɷǲң
һʮλ֣Χ˸ʮĴȦӣǷֶ񹥲ֹһֵˣΧȴȻ壬ֻܻӶһһλ˷Ĺơ˫ڹ⣬Զٲʤȯա
ǳԿֵˣ뻢ͷ˶ģ̨ʤһȺľȡħǵʿ
뻢ͷ;䵥̨ʤɱ֮졣˭Ͻ׷˼죬Էֶټ١ֵѰƬɽȣӹ浽С֮ϡ˭δԽȥ˱㱻ʮͻĶָΧ˵䡣
̨ʤĲ߻һıơ֪뻢ͷУȴԼ˵ƱҾһ·Էûټ֣ںеϽԴȻβֵͶθ߿սƣʹ÷ͨΧ˰գûܽһɱˡ˶ŵβ̫ãƵһձؽܣ
顪
һըľ֮УϮĽⱻҿǿķ֮£ͷһѳֲס͵ص˳ȥڰգâХæ̧֮һץǰٿȻʧ漴һƬƵܡһһٵͨˤڵϡۿǲɱƽһҫ۵Ȼ֣漴Ļ𣺡Īϴˣ
䡪
߳һɵĹâʱŷһĺϮķأͷٴζһ١ȴſڵϲֻŭ̨ʤֵӲһѡ
ɣ˸ͷڵ䣬Ҫ߳ǣǶʮϮ˲ǶԷݵļһȻӿ죬óŵӰ漴˫ֳֵݺݺȥ
֮˲䣬ҫ۵ĵʱŵβƷƬ±飬䡱һŭ˷ǽǶʮƥĽǿеʮ⡣ڣԵֵ
ģõӰѸʧ˼ȴƺһվ棬ŭķ͸Ľɱ
̨֮ǰ̨ʤĲмڤ֮գֵʶǫ̂ĳΪе³ֻ·һ֦վ⣬ߡ
һֵĿ񹥼֮ʣһʿżɽȻֻжڵСɾ磬ȴֵЦݡ˶ڣȡʤѡԼԽҲ׮¡У˳߳͵Ϯ
ͻȻðһ׳˶Ӱһ߻ȭһ߲ƿڴӾ͵ϮҺΡ
ǲΧڵϵĻͷķԼ֮⣬ȴǱǰһçײ³ĺӣȻ˵Ľթ
ʿвɫ΢䡣˳ԼȻ֮ϾӦԡ伱æˣȴΪʱӶԷϼɶȻһֻ͵Ļצűǡˡһ˺죬ؿڶʱѿһ漴ˡ顱ըȻɵ
֮ͬʱڵϵһͷʧǰεض𣬲ʧʱֱ
𣡡
ͷ͵Ϯ֣Цֵܣ滢ΧӱץȥһɫٿȻ֡δ⣬һλͬʱ֮⡣
ҵӵĵ
ͷţӰǿŽҿϮĽ⣬ǵ·ͻȻּ̧һǰ壬ȥȴһ٣ԼϢЩʹײһּΪ͵ͷһ⣬
ڴ˼ʣѷ۵糸嵽ǰȣֵĽ֮ơ˵ŭһ˾ŵâ֮ɲǣ죬ͷܵʮվѡ˲䣬ʮֺХ
նըƬƬâסǿĹƣھ춯صĺ档׺ΪޡŵʱѼΪסҪһڲ·Ȼвлͷʹթ͵Ϯվǹһ
ͷһɣ档֧æһץԷתȻ岻ȥƽϡ
ܵʿûǰƽΧСһȦ
ֵԭأ˫˫ءͷܻؽ͵زڵϣ˫ֿų̆ʤͷβȴҵΪӣ뻢үһҲһѵ̧һָʲǸϲĶٸб޳ܵ͵Ϯоɱ̨ʤʰ㡭
ţ㲻ڴɵΪƾʲôȥʰһڵĸˣҪ̨ʤѵͬλڵĸ֣в֪һ󷨣ᵽ͵Ϯ㻢ͷҲضã
վȣбƣ͸żֽ֮ɫοЦǺǣҵĻͷֵܡ
̨ǰ̨ʤɫЩѿ
Զ٣ȴٳδȫǱԷɱһλ£裬Կ
̨ʤͷ˿ֳʾ¡ʮλʿػʯ̨ȴرǰת۵Χ֮ǰŲԶһλȰο̹ص֣Ī˶
̹أ֮ǰסͷǸߣҲڳʮΪߵһλͷһϣ볡лɫ̨ʤȰοǿŭͣ
̨ʤķ䱸ɭϣֵǧɴСȦ϶ɳã΢΢Ц£ź⣬ͷεĲ񣬶һȺŹ³˭˶أǺǡⲻ˵ؽƹ죬ҷͨöֳѣնҪĸ󻼣
ͷãһʱ޼ƿʩֱɣġ
ǲΪȻسһе߳â˸
ǡڴʱһ߳ͻȻԶ˶ֺηĳڴˣֵܡ
ͷʱԹ˲ö룬æתѭȥ


1310 ⲻȥ
һӰԶӶ
֮˲䣬ǡ羢ϰһˮ̶ۣ̲𵴣
Ǻ̤֮ˣǸŻڵӣ˫֣ҷ磬б壬ƮƮֹݶȲΪһ˫Ũü£ɫԶټ΢̲ǣ벻͸¶ɭɭɱ͸һȻƣ
ͷ۷Ź⣬Уҵϴ󡭡
Ӷе¶Ц⡣
̨ʤ΢΢㵡һĵʱ
ͻȻӣҶλħΪУѳ˶Զһλǰħǵʱ򣬱˴˱ٴط꣬ʵЩϡ֮⣬ȻмλеħʿȴһԶҽǰ
̨ʤԶĶԼǻӰת漴ڳһһʾ⡣
Χͷɣзֳλ̨֣ǰʮ˻㼯һ̨ʤǸ̹صߵش֮£ûӭδȵһ˶ڵĺôɡֻ뽫ֶַ֮ʤȻ⣬ٿڲ֮أ
ӣһѰ˴ǡǻͷ״Σ֮ʱɣԽ
ĻںصѵС֮ϡ
ǲ⵴ĺ棬ǰǧ֮ӭĶʮλ֡ȥʮ뻢ͷȻΧ
һδأȥһ̨ͣʤӦ伫죬伲˦һӰƿնɱʱķ
̨ʤ˲ҪڿƣԲһ
һƵĿܣԻɷŶڴɵΪһηھǰһʱʱ˵صٴʹһбЩԤϣ
̨ʤһɱɭȻӰ˼ҡҡͷ
ֻǵһĿΪ٣ȴûϵ֮ࡣ֪ԷھǰδȫԸ
̨ʤ֪һ裬޿ֵЦһ˵زǾǰͨʩչֻʬܲ޴á
ڴʮ⣬һѵܲ翿һȻΧƣȴǻ벻⡣
ͷЦϴһ֣֪ûС
ȴϵغѵҪ⣡ϴȻڳ̣϶̨ʤöԸ
ͷҡԴ˵ֲϴ󣬺αع
һԵأ۵⣬Ĳ㡭
ͷںعһ֣ǰ֡ǽƣһ§ţЦһ䣬ƾϴʮɷ̨ʤˣ
ִֵ֮ʣڸеԪŵҡͷԾ겻ѡ뼸λͬҲĿȻһٲǰ벽ЩǿɷٴȻ˶ɱŵģħǵǰδ֮ǰԶԶرΪá
֮ͬʱһӶ䡣ʮѷɽٿȻֱһӰС
ߣĳȻҪԼֵܣмƽϡ֮ɱǬǻ˲ٶˣǡóֳַֻͨңȺɷκһλּɵ֣
һ̧һָӰɢת֮䣬СһƬɱ֮С˳ٳʮɷǰȥȵ̨ʤﲻ⣡
̨ʤ˲Ӧæ۹˸
ʮ﷽ԲĺеšΧƣȴһһ㡣ǿת֮죬ʵĿϾսһ
̨ʤԳ֮ʣʮӰͻȻ˷ҵæ˸С䱾ԭزΨǸֻ̹ǰȥ
һֱ̨ʤ·ǣ𽣺
̹λ뷢Ұ׵ߣݽӲɫһ֮ģм漴裬ּ̧һ˲䣬ǰʮ֮ڽ֮СϮӰ֮γٻеĽҲ١
̨ʤһֱڹעһһһлɳã͵ץһѺɫԲֱǵѵӰݺ˹ȥ
̹Ϊüƣ̧ǰһ㡣һĽХȥƱҪԷһ
һλڵĸˣնɱһλڵСиһжܳƳȥλħĸ󻼣ν֮ϲ
˼󹦸֮ʣκ䡣
̨ʤ׹⣬ȥʢԲХֻ֣һɱǡڴʱһۻͻȻϮȻϮϾӦԡɫ䣬ٹ˲࣬æ
顪
巨Ӧ飬̨ʤ۵۷ڣҽһʱʯͷ˳ȥԲҲʧȥ˹ƣ֮׹°աٹ˲࣬ſһѪ־ҡ
ʱ̹أͬԹ˲Ͼû뵽ֻ֦ԳɣһĻͻϢ˵˽ǰɭȻɱֱ֮͸꣬޴ӵΪɲǣʶȻ͵Ϯİۼ
̹ؾɫ䣬æˣֻ裬һ֮кһⱻԻɷֳҪӦԣȴ̨ʤѻһѪֱʯ̨󷨡æ֮ƣӦԣ޶־˹ȥ
˭ǰͻȻðһģһӰ˲䵲סȥ·
̹һ٣Ŀѡ
̨ʤ֮У˲ʧȥټӰԳһδ׷ᣬڻʯ̨֮ǰ˫˫ת漴һӰѽƶȥٿȻΪһ塣ȻָģһеĽ𽣺ˣ
̹ؽס˺󼸲־ܵ͡ʮ⣬Ű˵ɭĮȻӰµɷܣڶʿսһ
ֻһеϣӰҴܣ˸Ѫɣֳֵ׳绢Ⱥҡ
̹ضʱ׹ߣذ̾
ȫˣǸ̨ʤȻѽʯ̨󷨵·ǺԼˣ֮оʹ˶ȥҲˣ
̹ĻתҪȥǰ˵Ӱ֮ٲȻһĵƣּһ˭϶Է⣬Ӧսδû뿪Ƿ֮أһӰζ
գĪ˵˸ܣʹλĶʿԼһ˵Ķ֣δ˵ͨ޶ĳҪߣ˭סɣ
ּ̹ŭɡܵİ˵ӰԶ룬ּ̧һ⿪·вԽȥһϤ˾µĻǰͻȻը֪æ˺ܡ˸ɷܳûȥΧ֮һǰ
̨ʤʵáˣĳⲻȥ
̹Ȼͷ
µظߴʯ̨ǰһӰֳֽ𽣰Ȼǳ׼ض˵ȥ·Ҫһ򾡡ʮλͬʣ޼ļΧͻֵܽԷ࣬Ѿãưոݡ
ڴʱ̤˵ҵ֮ʱ뼸λͬһ
̹ͷһѭȥ


1311 ħ
Ԫˡ
еϵĵ˫ԭ۹ѵһΡű˴ƾУս֮ıһĽɱǿת֮죬ʵۻҶֲִ
ԪٲԹۣƲڵˣûԽС֮ϡȰ֮ʣҴڰΣ˲ö룬Ȼغѵλ̹صħˣô˼俴ħ֮Ժٲ˿ػʱԼ䣬ҲΪµı֮٣
̹ϳԶߵ˵֮ˣԪӣ㾹ұ
Ԫæ˰֣漴һ˦䣬޹Թڱ˴ͬŵϣźȰĪҪʶ̧١
̹سǧԪƳһۣӹ겻ɢİ˵ӰֿķɵóĬ
ޣȻΪʹֶȴʿûƫƫ뻢ͷ֮壬ԭǿ쳣֮ǰ˫ţս¡ɷ˸һѪıͽֻϧʮλͬһһֻʣڿ
һû˵Ҳû˼ͬڿԶĺ档
Щľħǵĸԭκ̨ʤ̹ΧʹңﻹаֵĶ־ټɷܶƴشҲҪһеؽء˴˻սƬ̣˵ɱ¾µ˺òӵ˺ϣȴֱһȺɭĮȻӰסȥ·ĻͷǻŴӣֻйŭ
һߵɱ¾ȣڽЪϢܵĶһס̹أ漴´еĻͷ˹ǡ˳飬˻δɫһ߳ǡ
ԪڴȰ˵䡣ԶڣɵӦԪӣһͬĪǵѸˡ
˵һ룬ѵ˰ߵ⡣顱һڲݵϣɷؾָ߳Ԫӣİ仰ƿڶʲô뻢ͷ֮ʱԶϴֵܶתΪʤȴˡ
㡭ҡ
ԪӶʱſڽƤ֮УɵÿԶָ˳Χֵ֪ǶԴˣȴû뵽˵Եλڵĸ֣˵áвأҪǻ
һȴߵĶţأһ˼
Щͷɫһ͸ɱֵٸ҆°䣬Ųһ㡭
Ƿŭǲ񲻿һĻ綼£Ī˵ˣ
Ԫæ˫֣漴ɫֻ࣬ĬĬ˺һٲҳϢˣ鷳
ڴʱͷ˹˭粻ʹ죬Թվһ󻹸һȺɷһҴĶ֡
ԪʵһתҪӱܣͷһּæƹŵ϶ȥȣ²⣬ʵһƬġ
һƻعٽԪӵ˵ͷת򰶱µϴڶӰżָп˵λֵܿ޿ɺǡĳ֮ȴʵ䷴˴εЦЦֵ̹ܳŵһʱƬ̣þʱ˵٣Ρ
Ԫֹ̨֮סΣɫһáһַܵĽڣ
ͷһͨЧԪӲδƽϣһˡʮλɷתۼѽõָ̹Χ˼㡣
̹ؼԪӸԼ˵飬һֱڳɲתĹһӰѽܸΧˮйͨлڲæλ
ߵµϣʮλɷΧһɵơȦڣǹ¶̹ءȦ⣬ŵĻͷ̬ϵԶ̨֮ǰһԪӡȥԶԶܵĺɽɫһǰΨкеɱܲ
лͷڣһбü򵥣ҲΪĴֱ̹˵Щʲô顱һڵϣݺŴγ͵ϮǸʱģ˭ֵ˶ء̧һָڵسܵɷɱ
̹ŭæ˫һ֮Žǰңܵɷȴ޶
ͷˣſڱҪ¡
̶̵ĵ飬ʮλɷͻȻͬʱеķɽ̹ڵʮڣʱûһƬĽ֮С
ͷһ֣˳ֳ
֮ǰսǲ֧šΣת֮ЪϢǻζеȴʩչһ
̨֮ǰһ˫ֶɫɡֻ۹ӣµعĦʲô
Ԫ͵ػͷƳǵӰлȻæַ̹֮ΪڸˣȴֻСɵΪԶԶħǵλħᲢۡʮλɷܵΧ֮ǲײĿܣһȺѪĶǰȺлŸΪ׺ݵһһ
ߵµϣҫۣһƬɱС
̹ԼĿ񹥣ֻܶԿ֧šҷڣʮɷԲڻȻء˵·ȥҲһʱݡ̲סİڣ
̨ʤ֮ʣԼõϳȥǰ󲻹˲䣬ѱ˸ܸסԪ˵飬ܼӦ䣬죬˭ԳɣͬٲҪԼģֻǶֵܡմȥƾżֽ֧֮Ŷã
쳹ĺ֮У̹ȫʹΪƬ֮ʮɵķڻСŲʳϮȴûκΡؽԿȥáʱͨʩչѵҪɵ
̹ص͸żַһھѪ漴˫ֻ׷ɡܵĽ֮ʱһʢƵɷˡ֮˲䣬ͻȻɷƣűʮɣ漴顱һײϰյĽƣòֻع鵽ɵģ䲢δգ˫ץһɳħķݺݺȥŭ
ԹսԪӲȻʧħ塭̹Ȼƴ
һȺͻȻðĸߴӰɫ΢΢һħ壿
䡪
ħ򣬶ʱһ쭡ٽɷֵܲյ˳ȥ̹صƲֱ߳ȥ·
ͷĦȭƣ״ɵŵؾôĸ
ɫһݣæȵͷ
ͷ׵У޴ܣδȱѰεش𣬾ԴӼɷܵͷһԾе˹ȥŻ磬ġ
Ͼ룬죬浶ȥȻԽͷǵ޴Ӱӱŭն


1312 ͽһ
䡪
һŭնŵƷȥ
ĺУ̹ǰĽ֮Ȼ벻⣬ħ
ȥеٴαŵâǡ䡱һ죬͵ص˳ȥ
䲻ݻͷʮɷܳƷӵϣһĹƼꡣ
̹زŽȥʮɣѱӰĽסȥ·ºƣֻܽɵħҿɷܶʱǿĽʳӡδüٽһһƬƻȻѹϮὣ赲Ϊʱһת֮Ȼ
顪
һ֮У̹صĻ巨Ǳҿ˼϶»ƵɷҲ˸ɵ΢΢ҡ˼£ȻǰеһӰ
һŻֿտգſһǸҺڰӵĻͷ˭
̹ؽסŭӶħҪͷ֮졣˭϶Է۵ǰƲͣ磬˫ȭӶʮųǵɱХһ϶һצ֮
ɲǣǾƬ絶ӰʮâϮ
䡢䡢䡭
̹мܣȴæҡ巨һ˲䣬ߴ̼仯Ӱ顣뺰һѱԭΣգۼ䵹˺֮С漴һҲײѪ߻նȥ
Ƭ֮󣬺еڰ
ʮɷܣһԭضɫĮȻ˺ۣɢɱȴǰȺӰĲԶż֧Ĳкͬ飬ҲĶ֡
ϥڲݵϣɫЩ԰סǾƣֻþʹЪϢȴϥͷḧ
ͷ˫֣Ŵ󲽣ĵ⡭
ˮߣӰսսǴԶڵˡ
һȻ뿪˵ϵ̨󷨣ŰߵµȥԪ󼸲ͷĬĬ档
սȫʤɱһλڵĸˡ
ͷһЦһѩǰܣʹ졣ϴǻͷĺϴ۹
һˮһԲ߽һɷתۼѴԭʧȥӰһѲкǰͣ˽Ų
ԭĲݵϣһƬǽ塣ɢĲ֫ϱۣΪĿģ
ͷֵֵߵشյǰЦʾ̹϶ļˮһλĸˣһͷ׵ûֱкҲνˮ
һĬƬ̣˵ɷ
ʮλɷܣȥ֮ټϻͷƴս̹ػնɱڵĸˣȻͬСɡ
ͷںذ˰֣˵ܶѡ
һֵ̧ȥʬ֮󣬿ͷһ̧ۣżǰ
ͷû룬Ŵ󲽸˹ȥ˵ֻϧ̨ʤȻĲ
һ֮⣬۹꣬ޱصǰ̨ʤҺǹⲻȥ
ͷָŶ̶̵ӣֵЦϴʱ⣬ѽشˡ
أţеҪվɻϴ󡭡
һҡҡͷʾЪϢԹ˵ɷȻ䣬޷𼰼֮ˣȴĳϧ
ͷ⣬һԺգһ˫ۡǴһ飬ûɵһ󲻰
Ԫֵ֪ǶԶˣǲ𣬸ɴڼ֮⣬һԶ֮ĳ˵Ļеֵζкϧ֮˵̹Щԩġ
һ˵ǲǼûɺˣԼҵֵܣָΣ仰˴һ٣ֵĳûˣҲĳٲԸʧȥκһˡ鵽Ƴһ
΢΢ݣӦϴֵұؽ桭
ԭһɵĳ棬óͷأŴ죬ֲֲ֣ţæûȰοϴһϴҲֻƽ⣬ųȫֵܶ˵ıС
죡
һʼƵģȴͻȻ˫üһ˵Ȼ͵سŻͷ߳һ㻢ͷ£֧ŶãȺ̨ʤ֣֮Ϊβԡ
ͷһŭŵһԴæ֧֧ȴҳ
һתɷֵƾͷçײΪȴֻ̣ܽʹ죬ݾʵи
кֻԼ֪һѵ⣬ȴδŭǴżĪοɫдϴ𷣣
һŭܲ˵ؽѵ˾ʹˣˣ»أĳҼŵ뻢ͷ𡭡ؿһ£Ȼתȥ
ٿʵʵš۹ȴǶŻͷɫʾ⡣
ͷ̧ӣŵûӰֻһ˶ǻ̻ģ
ʮ֮⣬ԪĬĬԹֵܱۡ˵ʵʵϡԦ֮Īǣ
ͷ˻ЩͲסˣǰһԴϴϢŭȻͷҲڰˣϸ˫֣ҪͶءδ£һǿȻ߳𣺡ٸװģ
һһ˦תɫɣ˵ȴѽȥ
ͷ˼վȣίϴ󣡻ͷϴءŽ£۹һظ˿ֿǺǣв洫ͷϴǰŪ
ʱͷϴִ࣬򲻳ɡ
ͷæֳһڳһ޹ת󲽴ǰߴٵȴҼȭϴԷȴһػʾϴƣʵڲ˶֣Ҽ¡
һɵ˵̨ʤѣʧңԸֲľȵˡ̧׳̳ӣֵʮպ·ٲ˵࣬Աȥֻת֮ʣ΢΢
ͷݣǰһѱס̳ӣɵ֮ǰΣ̨ʤˡϴ뻢ͷϬҲ𡭡Եһ֣šͨһԣﲻͣ磡̳񡭡еľ̳תһȦԼҵĻİõѽ籧ƣɻˡ
һıӰĬĬ˻ͷɵ÷һů⣬ϴҪɱ̨ʤֵʧ΢΢ҡҡͷһɣ
ͷüŪۣԹ֡
һ磬ƮȻǰԪУǹ˳ӡ뼸λͬ׳׳ӣһ뿪߱
ԪӸٴλصǷ̨֮ǰ£̲סʵ֮У޲ȿֺιҪʮպء
Ե춨ʧˣ·ָ߷ĳ˵㣡
һ̨ǰվתϥȻֿ϶ػһ֮󣬲Ԫӳüһʣܷħͽһ


1313 ת֮
Ԫ˵ħ֮ߣʹħ֮ΪáɴΪ׺ƥ֮Ϊħһ㶼Ϊ
ħ޵߾磬ǽڴˡħһΪݺ˻ĵ
̹صľ绹ԶԶֻطǿʹħ֮ˣȴǷΪĴۡղĲʹ³֪
йħ飬ԼǿʹطԪ˵Ȼ
ȵĺеϣһںˮߡգѰ˴жΪİߣĵѻǳҳ֡뿪̨ƾԷһһԽȥ
ԭرĿû
ͷȻǿʵƣԺ˯ϴڣ
˲Ѱ˿ݵؼһһЪϢһߵȴŶʱ
Ԫ롰ͽһ֮ʽֻöѻ̨֮ǰÿӰԶҴҶǰҴҶȥΪ֮Ķȴʼò⡭
ɫףȺɽ䣬⵹ӳʤˡˮ峺ζȤ̤ˮӰ֮ʧ续ٳ
һذߣ羰еһöĬĬ
̹ˣһӣͷתϴ󡣶ﲢû̫ĶƷ֮⣬һöӰ߲ӡżȱĿھһͼ
޷ĿھԭͻɬѶֲȱ֮Ҫ澿ΪסϣͼӦҪֱࡣʱȻ±ˣ
еͼĦʯ̣ȼʹճһӣȻ򵥵Ҳмӡӳ磬ͦأֳ־޸ǿ˫̤ǳǰ»ƣصƻȻʹηѣ
ǰ֮еľˣνħ˼Ŀ̻Ϊ֤ƾ֮µ޶˲²⣬һʱö֪
̹ʱǰСؾѪе䣬Ͽ֪ħ˵Ҳƾ޾ݡ
һ򣬾ź档ִ̧꣬üģ漴˫ۡ
ʶ֮УͬС˶һģһͬǣһаһ̬ϡǰʱӡɣʱ˼ָָ㣬Ļ֮֡
ħޡ޵ķҲ˵ħıԪֻ뱾ں֮ơ˴˻Ȼһ壬ȴΪڣָȻб𡣶һ޵ĺôɣ
·ţҷʶħӡĴĦһֱûͣЪ
ħ޵ħӡ죬ǷٵֻսļУѡ
ĦĻ棬ħӡʽȻ޴ʩչľȴǼΪջ񣬼̱Ϊħáڻͨؽ°빦ĳЧ
޳ħӡգܷսʤҶˣ
еؾѪеĹ취ֻӡһֱκһλڵĸˣΪ㣬ʩչħӡ
һƨڰߣкϴ󡭡
һ˫ۡ
ЪϢ˾չȻɫáͷڲԶĲݵţԺ˯ѡ
һûг΢΢˵ͷ
ʯ˵ϴĪΪֵг̣ʱ
һЦЦصһʱ̡£ֵ˵˵֮һӰ·
δӦ𣬶һֻ֡
һתɻͷһСųڣһ̳˹ȥεϴ󣬵˾ƽѣȡá
ץ̳Ŀ⣬͹һڣʹسһ£Цͷ˽ز٣ΪվƵľңϴܣ޷᲻Ұھưˣ
һƲƲǣЦھǰŭ֮󣬽ѻָ̬ʱʵǵѡ뻢ͷŴçײھٲ赱ͷȣٴɴֻ»֮ӣĲشֵˣЩ㵽ɡڲ֮У
ϣȣ˭߶أ
ǡڴʱͿһ䣬漴Ц˻ͷ
һֻٴһ̳Ʒڵϣȴץȥȵϴ˵š
һӰž̳Ӵ󲽶ȥԵõٸ͵ƣģ
ͷԶˣʮ﷽Բĺе㹻չǡ
Թ˱ž̳˼ڣԹ˾񫣬Ÿ˵ϴҶԽ֮Ҳ֪٣츳ͨȴóɷı仯Ȼнյ֮⣬ԼԽ֮ʱͬ޲ߡһת˵֮нǬ֮棬ٲȻ֮ϵһǿֶΣǶڵľƿ硣֮£ȴӦ֮ϴἰһӰ
һϸ֮࣬óϽ«šȻºԲᣬȴᡣĸ𣬻ԵɡǧʥԶеĻҪǿ󡭡
˵ĵĵ¶֮У첢¶Ժ󣬳֮ʱ˾ֱ仯бϲоп֣ɱŭȵȲһ㡣һնȥͷţ㣬ȥ̹صֽ֮Ҳ֮С
һ˴ɫһţžŹһתޡ
ţӦϴ΢֪Ϊ˹ʡ
һ۹һ̧ҿֱִ
ţֻ̳Ӹ߾ཡཡ͹ࡣ
һž«˿ھƣ΢Ц֮˼
ĵĵ¶Уһ˿ڱҲӴ˶һֹľת֮˵Եɣȴת֮ϡټ꣬ȡһȥȻˣ
ɴϸϸת֮غͻƣǶĪԵ֮ܽɣȥɵΪ̹;ѹִŲţԼȻ
תޣ޾תǾžŹһƼĪ⣬һпֺ񲢲ңԶĳľת֮Ƿ֮֮ͬ
ĸվס
ʱԶͷĽ
һƺ«Ҳ¿վ̳ӣ֮ȥ
еһˣ̤ʮˡʿҲжĸ֡ͷһţߣָʹԷͣʻ˭ɫңͷҲصسϵ̨ʱŭˣ׷Ͻ
мߣǸŶСΪ׳ȺǿеǵԭǡʶݣӴæת֮嵽̨֮жʧȥӰ
ͷ⧲֮£һŶԷԽȥážһˤ˾̳ӣָǰԪƿڴĺβ㡭


1314 ϴ
Ԫһˡ
Ȼ¡ֻҪҲ޶㡣
һλˡи˵ؽȻ˽ƽϡ
ͷǴΪͬ˵̫׽һͷɽֵĶ񻢣֮֮֮֮䲻Ҫҧ㣡
Լ׷˳ңҪǨŭˡ˴Ϊ£Ϊͬеĵѣɶд̨ʤ¶ҪɱˣǸ󷨵ĺӵĵм
֮ܶǸΪηǻͷ
ԪӰ̾ЩãȻ̧ͷĹˡ
ڻͷҪ۸˵ʱұϴһס֮ûٵ飬̨̤Խ漴â˸죡
ǵ˺δ
Զϼ죬һճʱֲܷ֡ǲľ࣬Ұ鶯֮ƮݣΪ֮Ŀ
ö룬Ǿĵ߲㣬ĵ죡
Ȼϣתʱ˼䣬Ϊ仹ٶ˼硣ֻϧɽֵ赲ʶԶܵǸ̽·°빦
Ԫĳѣְһʮ⣬ڵСȥʮɣֵˡ۱˴ˣں󷽵ԼȻˣֺαѰء
Ǽһ̨ʤ£ֵһģգûӰ
һ˳էⲻİɽУԳǰͷ׷ˣɧͷ߳ݵ£ϴԸ
һɽȡͱڣѲ·ǰһСͨԶиδȥ÷Ը
һ˫˼ѽķοСתȥҪ˵漴̧۹
һӰͻȻεضת˲Խ˵ͷնʮɼǰ˵п·±֡Уⲻݡ
Ԫӻδ䣬ӰԶȥ˵Ļжϣǰˣ
ͷۣµףʲô˼Цֵܶ𡭡
ϣΪϴ£桭
ͷޣ޹ֱڿ죡ҽīߺڣĪ˵硭
ѵұ죬ϴоϡ
ͷ粽ãﲻɳӡ
ᡭ
㡭
ͷüͷæ
һԽֵԣȥ״ڵȺӭǰʾ⡣˰֣˵ûٸλҪųˣ
뼸λͬԾӦŵһϯǳԸ֮ڣ֮ͬ׻׻Ȱ档ڳ̽
һڵ˲ףһءԷ׷֮ģԼҲ御Σֻܿ˵컯ˡתǰ뻢ͷæȥֵ˽УѭŴСɽ
ǻƬ̣뿪ԭء
ɽïܡ죬ǣƾʶĿһʱԿԶΡͷҪ̽һһֹֻʵʵУȴ˵ͣ
ּŨԵβأ
£ˣ
ҰΣǻģ
ţǻ󡭡
ǲľ²˺ϱϸΰм٣
ͬΪ󣡡
ߣϴΪβҵǸԶ
Ϊԣ
˵ֵܣҪûˡҷ棬ٷֵ
ƨҸۣûѰء
ߣиͬͬǺֵܡ
ֵû꣬Ҳ֡һֻͣ;ƽ˼Ȥ
֪һʱȥ
ǰĵƻȻֵѽɽ˦󡣷ȥȺɽϡһƬԭޱ߼ʣһȽȽ𡣳֮£֮
һͷվɽϣȡ֮һ»ߵҹ֣Ǽգٲȥҹʵľ泩ѣ
ڴʱһӰԶҴҷǰ̽·ԪӣջҪ
ֵפδ⡣꣬ɫһ
Ԫڰ֮⣬Ȳ󺰣𣡴˵ա֮˲䣬һӰȻ顱һײڵءΪƴڶֱǱҡ
ͻЩ˼
ǺӰͷû˫չںڣʮɴСʹηڴɵʿȻһɼǿ쳣Ϊߣ䱳ϻһͬª׳¸³ת磬˳̧׳һӰ
ԪӲŽڳʮɣѱʮϸĺ߲סã漴ٴΡͨ׹ء׳˫ﲢδգ˲طɵɽ֮ϡ
һԷƲƣĶܣȷ档ѪһԵĻͷԾ𣬻ȭηҴ򡭡
顪
ͷزʮɣδֹͷʢѱһۼ׵ľβݺɨУűһˤ
ŭһͦǰ
һȴ͵صסȥ˳һץͷ漴ֱ˶أд԰ꡭ
ͷ޴󰭣Ǳػصģǹ￰ȶ֡һֽ£һ·תֵһͬȻȥ
ֵɽٴվǾ޴Ĺڰ䱳ϵ׳δжֻǴŵ¸½£ָֻţ֪˵Щʲô
ףǺŹ֣񡭡
ߣӦԾ֮⣬ǺУҶƨ
ҵָΣֵƴһء
ٴ˵أβϴ󶨶ᡭ
ͷн䱸˴˿ѰԲߡԪӱȷʧܣǰΪաʱɽȣǳһ·ֵƴһصҲ޷ؽ޴ӡ
˫Ȼڰȷ֮ŻɽڵܣǷɳʯɱﱳϵĺӽһͨ˶̲ס˫ۻ裬ٲȻһŭļơ
ͷȻ¶״һȴж䣬漴˫ֳڶֵ⣬Ը̧ҡΡ
Źĺӣͷ޷Ŀ㣬ΧƤ˩żĹҵƤбһ̵ľɷģʹûͷҲ̾ΪֹǼ·״Ҹ߾˫ֺ˳ӣָ¸¹ֽһ漴߸߷ȴδԶȥֻڰɸ߿Ϊţ
ģǺ⣿
ϴš
ͷ޴֮ʣһƲƲǣεϴҲûŰϵһһֵ֮֮ٻӦ䡭
ɵĲݴУڷ״غ壬ѽ


1315 ƶ
ϹָѺ£ֵڲԭ֮С
ȻٲԪӡ
λȻȻֻǰУȴ̽·δ˻ˡǲʮϸĳߣʰ䶯ͣѡǾ״ҲĪֻǿǰС
ڵλʿǲ˼·һ٣
ԭֱͨʡ˲δʹһ·ȥԽ˰ԶһСɽ֮󣬱ͣ
Ԫϳ䵱ĳߣҲ漴һһݴԶӰδأĻ
һͷδȣĿɫ䡣
Сɽռ߰Լɣǡһϵס˱һСΨ˵أ֪龰죡
ɽǰһݳĴӣʮﳤͬһεϿȡɲǣҵɱŨҵѪȱӭֵһ۹ȻʹʴֲȻĪ
Ͽ֮У֦ĲȼյĻ⣬һͷͷ״ŹֵҰޣԼٸ׳
ϵĹȻڹУ˵ĺһСӰζ˻Ϊҡ꣬׳Ⱥֱפ˶
ֵǴ˼ϳˣɴġͷǻ첻£ȴԹһοּƣ㣬ų·ɵֳ
ȴֱһ˦߳ϴ׸֮ұ죡
ͷæתϴ󡭡
һûỢͷǽǰԪӣҽ˵
Ԫ㷲˵ѰˣԼӲ鿴ѱǹ˹޷֣ҪΪʱУֻǿȥ˭ת˲»ˡСġû˵꣬ߴ׳ѳ嵽˽ǰеĹ
ͷǸ벻Ժļһֱ̧ҪӲƴͱӵĸͷЩóЩ˭˭
״Ҳ̲ס˰εͷ
Ԫп಻Ҳ۾ƵĹ죬Щ˵ǿ׺ȴɡһ˴˶ο֪
һʼܵĶɵ΢Ѫһһ˱ѺˣֻΪĪ֮ǰ󡭡
֮ͬʱ׳еĹδ£Χ˵ߺ
ͻһæ뻢ͷʾ⣬̧ǰֵ֪çײϿȡԪɼֻಽ
һԪ£ȴλֵܰһͷ׳ͷ߳һͷҪִһȦǸֳֵİӣһɶ೤ҷǽẓ̇ˣ
Ƭ̵Ĺһ˱һǰ
׳ǻֵؽһ֮ͨﳤȥ˵˽ǰ֮ͨڵϣǺ˼ת뿪
λէȻԭأ¶״
ǰļӦó֮Ϊڴϸľ೤һʯͷĴӣԲƷͬʯޣ޷ǶһֱˣǴֱء֮⣬һ߰˳߳ȴۣһСȡ
ء
еͳĺŽͻرţƺʡ֮ɲǣϿȶʱӰζ˻ҵɱķ
Բԣ㱻һȺֱֳ׳ߺȴߴ١
Ԫлæһľڻ
ٺͿҲ֪˳ƶΪ
ͷżһӡ
ץ˵
˳ԵʣһȺ׳ͷŶǰ
һֿտգҪתŲһӰһ·˹ŭ߳ǡֻԳȥӣȴ˼أԽץ֮ɫΡ
ԪԼͷ˵ȲѣԼıȴ֡ûҪʯ߼ֱִһӶ˭ϻûɻءʯǧأ֮Ϊ͡ò˶֦
Ⱥ׳δûѣһЦţЮ˴Ͽдж
һߣȴʯռȥһ롣˫ץŴȴֵĴᣬģȴΪǱλͬ졣
ͷһʱΣݣɣЦϴĪҪʯͷȥ
Żͷ˵ϴɣ
ԪŰӣЩײࡣΪʿʱù˴ֱ֮ȴ֣⡣ϿΪڶĹ˹ޣΪ
һûֵŤƬ̣ԽʯڼͷţȻƵԴƫתȴ
һۻңֱʱǿϿеΡ
ǳƤ׳ġ֮࣬һɶߵĸͷ֫ǿ뺷˵ΪȴԶѰķ˿ᲢۡһΪ׵ʿ
Ǻĵʿ˴ȴޣˮʹͨʩչҪЩ׳ȽŶȶࡣҲһĴ˼ɵԵɣ
δšδĹޣȻ˵伮֪ǰһУǾ֮ϵʵ֡˵֮⣬ľͷġȫȻͬҸΪǿĪĴڣ
ˣֵֽһᡣɽɽ졣νˣٵְҰк죿䲻Ƿйء
һ֮޹ǱأɶѣǽĿصĽŲ޵˻֯һټ洦ζĸߴӰԼ֮ŻѪļµɱʹӵϿȸɭɲ
Ԫӱľ̻Ĺˣ߼ﲻͨȴѲ²⡣çҪ˻ƴҵҳΪ֮䡣𣡴ȥ׶༪ٰ
һʯĬĬǰ
ͷ̲סƴɱǺô̡Ϊιʣ˭
ԪһСĴ֪
ͷмһڣޣȲ֪ݵΣ
һ䣺ͷĪҪ⣬ǰҲ
ͷΪȻΣʱġţ˼ϴǷֵҲıϡӦԹֵϴ㵹ʯ
ԪӼһµֵȡЦ޶ԣɵðҡͷ
ߵβ֮£Ψв׾ʾͼơϴҵǿжײĵٸҺ˵˵һͷĲ㡭
һ˽Ͽȵľͷֱһͷޡ
ǳ䵱Ĺһɶߣɶ೤֫׳ұۼףһªβ͡䱳˼Ԧ˴´ࡣ
˲Žȣǰͷ̳Ͽȡһʱ֮۵糸ƶˡ


1316 ɱͷ
һˮԭзֿ
ˮ滺Դȥİ֮⣬ΡΡɽѩƶˡ
ĿԶ棬续
ʱĺˮȴһƬŨصɱ֮С
ֻˮ԰ɽϣжѨľդǽкŽǵͻأƮкѹѹȺȺԴ
ڸһߣͬ˻ɱڡ
һͷ޵ıϣڶе׳ʤȥʮȺ˫ڰշĿ󼤵ݡ
ͷЩã֮࣬ܵΪ˵Ļƴ̣²֮ڣ𡭡˵Ϊ˲ãȴ뿪Ͽȵһʱ֮иȺ˷۶ϵˮߣŵ˫֮ڣڸ𳤸ˣƤëΪ죬νҷƺƴ
ߵټ֣
ͷҡԴ˵ĻҲǸˣ˸Ӷȴͷһء
Ԫҵ⣬跨źá仰ųڣ߳ϵ½ȥ·˵˵ָæתֵܿһơ
˵һʯԦ޵׳ʱʱݺݵػͷһۣȴﲻͨ޴ӷ
ɴǰɣҽĺˮһͻһ˱ؽ׵壡
׿ʿ֮Ķᣬս׺ݵȺԭ䣬ݵı߹ɱķսڡС̽飬쳣ʶȴδʵϣ켣ڴˣȻѵҪӭһĪĶս
Ҫ֪Ǵ̡ģǾݡģɷͬԴѰ˴Ȼ죬ȴͬɱ¾ӡ֤Ǿ仰УӦ
һĬĬ֮ʣԶŽ
һɧŵ˫Խλ׷ԲԵߣȺĴӵ֮µ˺ӱߣ漴໥¡ִδ˸ԾһﲢĬдʡ֮ӶеıŨصɱʱ
һѭŶȥɵð档
λ֮һȣǶʾʯԿĬģһֹŹֵ
꣬߸߾ٹǰȥ֮ɲǣоһƬ﷽ԲͻȻȥ
԰ߣͬǸ߾ٹȣʱһȻŷƾˣ
գ֮䣬֮ˮڶϣһʱ¡
һ۹
λߣھ߷ʯ֮ǣɴܻˮͨƷ˼Ī⣬ʵӼұ仯磡
ͷԶο绽꣬
룬˵˵زѰŹ⣡
Ԫʧ߲ʿȴɼҷͣҵȴ밡
һ۹иȻνɼҷԭʹ֮䡭
˸˼֮ʣĺǷɢ
˫δʤһһĺŽ쳹ʡ֮𶯣ѾõȺȺڷ
޵ļΪԲԱˡ
һ룬һֱʯһץѵˡδ䣬µĹڿշɱȥ䲻̧ͷһƳһֺյա
ͷԼԪӹ˲ûͷæ񡣶˵Ĺλսǰת˲֮Ծˮ֮С
ӿʮɣˮࡣ
ȥͣȴˮ赲ȻһĶˮԣҡͷβǰŸĹУͨͨˮ뺿һƬ
֮ͬʱ԰ȺȺӱߡ֮з˻ĺӰն
ͷģ˼Ҳùӡ
ҶɱֻѪ顣
ֻһ˶ʯͷһ̵ľһѰƵԲӰкХ¡ŽɵȺʱ꣬漴ҽѪɡ
˵Ĺ޳ǰԦ޵׳ƴкӰ֮⣬ԲȻϮ
ͷҵּ̧סľŽ֣Ӧ۶ϡ
ޱͬʱһڹ⼤ȥʱԲɳȥһĴʯͷȻ£СɽƲɵ뻢ͷԿ˫֣һʱɲٳӦԣؽעĿȥҲɣ
Ԧ޵ĺֻ֪ŴߴٹǰҪΪʱ
ԪӼÿ죬æޱˮĽУǳŻȻȥӰ
ڴʱһͻȻеʯȵ
䡪
һըУʯ飬ʯķѡ
һƣӹɶȥ
ֵ˷ٲɣ˫˫˵Ĺޡͷ̤ǰ۷Ź⣬ȭһգɱ
һ˺ӱߣȴδԽ̰Ȼͣ£͵һף׺ȵɱͷ
ֵҴֹסȥƣԡͨһˮУ֡һĽǰֻе̰ǡÿԶʯĹᣬ
֮ϣһ綦Сʲ˵Ĺ޻ûܶϵĴʯԦ޵ĺӱһͬвӵסԶˮĽѪɣ˷ȻǷ
ͷſڰߣԴһּۣæ˻̾ʮ˲ٶһôľܣܽʯ׳ǧ֮Զ൱˵ð
أִӺˮһ
֮⣬ʯͷ£ڵȺ̵£һ׳Žȴǰ벽ˮ𵴣Ѫ˷ӿ״ңĿġʮͷ˫ĹѴӰ԰춯ء
ͷһԣ಻ס𣡺βɱһң
һֱһƣ߳˴ɱθɡ˵ʹ˸ɫתһ˳ȥͷһԴֲ󣬼æ׷ˡ
ֵ˽̰ѭˮֱȥԶֵɱһδʹ˻תֵһȥӰ漴ϰСıܿ󣬽ֱĸɽ۶ȥ
Ƭֵ̣һƬɽϡ
ֻ˴ǧ׳ĴԲٳʮ˶ľܣ֨֨ŵأֽһʯͷԡȥɷǾˣ
ͷ˫޴ֱӱʯߣȻ׹£нҶߣǺݺϵȺʱɳʯѪǺ
һͣ٣ֵƹɽ¼ǰ
ȥʮƽߡ¡ԡѨǰг¶ĸȺ໥ˣһԶעѪս
ȥʮȻǵɽ֮¡·ǰһΧǽȴһʯͨѩɽĸߴ
һλֵʶ⣬ҪʹԽɽǡڴʱйâ漴һͷڰΧǽ֮С


1317 ʱ
˴Զս˼
ֳΣһͷʵЩͻȻ
뻢ͷһ漴һλһλſԪӣԭӵСˡ
ͻߣԪӡһ䣬ȴֵ˲ڶæӵ̧ͷת˫֣żǱ飬޹ط˵̽·ȣ֮⡭
һԪӣû⣬Ǽǰ䷭Խߵʯͷǽ˫վȣת
뻢ͷһһҽԪӸΧֵĺüĿм˵ļơ
ɴ˿ɽ£Զ۵ס֮ĺˮ˫֮ײһѷֲ˻ޣȺæµ䶯šֽĺˮѱʬû񡭡
һ£תԪӣʵΪ̽·ã
ԪԲæӦҵɴԽɽɰѹ˹޵ľ²з֣δѱͻȻʲôȻĿ漴ָ̧󣬾ȵײƵĽƣӦóʿ֮֡ɽĪǡ
˵صĹˣΪѲ˫ӪУ֪޵֮ˡλȻź绽ĹֶΣȻʩչ̫ͨơʲŵסԪȥ·ģǡǡʿеĽ
ʮ⣬ɽһ߿ʯףڶϣҼΪ֮ͣ󣬽ʧɽѩ֮䡣
һ̧ͷĬĬζԪӵĻ˵ɽĪǻʲôֲɣ
ȻˣѰȥȻĻʯױǰΨһȥ·
һ֮ʣɫ΢
֮˲䣬ɽͻȻӰֳСУ׶ӡĴȻȲʮɣǷʯףһǰһ
Ԫӻڵһϣɵһæˣܿ˴գҲûЮֵľ
ͷȴϾԪӣϬһ㣬ǸԳأ˫˫˹ȥ
һüбפ
һ죬һնµϡ
ǴƽǼӲ̴ȥһƬˡͨأо㵣ȴˡ
ǳ׼δȫͬҲûռˡǰٴλӵȥԷ壬˻һ
顪һɷײ˫һ֣ʤ
ͷȥ裬ģӲԷδȣհҡ
ֵⲻԶֶ·ȥ׳׳׺쳣֮˫ײһ𣬽һͨҡ澪ĶǣֳĶȴ
һʮ֮⣬Ȼû˹ս¡һ˲ڻͷǰ˳ƻӳһ⡣
Ƕ׳赲ϮĽȴ;һתвӦ䣬ְָѱնϡҺһתӡ
ͷһԾо׹⡭
һ֮ȥƲͣٿȻ֮䣬Ѵ⽻ս˵ķ϶зӶ飬һ˫ȱϥնϡ
ÿ죬ȥꡱһѪɽ׳Žʧȥ˫ţֱ飡
һӶֱ֮˶ˣˮһȻ֮䣬ѳ嵽ͱǰٿȻתæ
顪
ͷӦ£նȥָ׳ʱͷ­ǰʬһţȲ޵ػصϴЦϢŷֳӮȻˡ
Ƿļһ⣡һصǽ壬Ͼ˵Եеİʬǰץͷ­Ƭ̶Ѫδ䣬ѻꡣ˴Ǻڣй˹޵ԼԵɣܷ֪
ͷ׹һ֣ҫϴβ˵ͷɿˡ
һ˦һѪΡͷܵΣǰߵ㼴ٿ죬ܿùϴĽ
ԪѶ㵽ΧǽߣԽѡգ֮䣬һԣұ仯Ϊ٣ܲδ˿ҡҡͷ
ֵȻ׺ݰԵĳ˵ĴڣűøΪĿ¡
ͷ˵Цֵϴ󷽲ȡ֮ʤӯѸĪΪҿһԴ󳹴˽֣δؾһӵ֫һһˣ;֮ͬ⣬Ǽ̲סϴ㷽ŵ֮Ժδ
Ԫ뿪ΧǽһڲԶȻվͷʻ죬ĬĬͷ롣̻ǵã˱νĽṦƵͷת򡣶ʱ˵أвֻ֪һ
꣬һ˦վ
ʵѻΡ
һŽűߵʬҡҡͷ˵ص׳볣ȣò죬ǽǡอȵȣҲЩ졣ΪߣҪѻ꣬ȴ޻ѡ
ͷߴٵϴֵ㻰ء
Ƿ˵Ľմ㡭һӦȴĶ˵̧ͷ˿ɫ漴۹ɽʯ֮ϣɣ̷Ը˵ز˾ߡһȥʮɣַݶ𡣵ʯ֮ϣлͫ漴ȥƼ졣
ͷʱû£˽ߺߣҲŲҪءѱʯףæ˹ȥ
Ԫ̧°ͣһƳҴҶС
һ֮һ˰ɽ
µʯûˡɴϣŨȴްһ;ĩ·
һСɽƺ֮⣬ʮԶͱڱԵһڡ̧ۿȥͨģʹѱߡ
һ׸
֪䣬ֺȥɽµĺӹȡԭһƬĺɫ֮СǷڵȺȺԼɱĳӰ١֮ǰһУƴûз
һ˼֮УתһԵ
أһˡ۹˼˵ʱʱ仰ųڣ£漴ҡҡͷЦ
һû˵ͬһĨζЦݡ̧꣬Խԣʮĺڡ
ͷھƨɳɽº棬һѳֵһǰһ󣬸һ˹ȥ
Ԫǹ㲻ǰżֲѵβСġ
ɶߣһɶڲ͸ɭĪ⡣
һڶǰԶͣ½ŲƬ̣ͻȻͷҲص˵ͷҿơԸ֮ʣǽֶԴ
𣡻ͷ
ͷӦһʱ۷Ź⡣ͦǰ߸߾еɷ


1318 ɫ
顪
һƬâ֮һĺ
ͷ£δƣȴͻȻڳȥһֳֽ𽣵Ӱæϴ󣬼붴ڡǲӵӶ
ԪڹĿƬ̣ҴҶǺڶȥ
һİĶѨʮɴСѬǵĺۼĵϣи߼ʯӣӦǻ˻ҽһ䴦ѷ̳޵Ƥڵϡ
Ⱥ붴Ѩԭء
ƤϣжϥһߴӰһλ鲼ߣ뷢ףͷٲȻȥ˶ʱӫ֮£صӰԹº
һߵźƬ̣ת׿ȥ
ѨһྡͷĶϣ΢΢ӫ⡣ĿɼǾȻһ±ǽ겻ĺ˪
ǱǽԱ壬ıΪһ塣⣬ҲȻֱ˴ˡϣʮɸߵ񷶥мѿķ϶֪ͨ磬Ȼɡ
أԭ龪һ
ͷЦڶѨص
һתܡѵ龪һ
˴޳·ȴһЪϢĺõطɫϴ󡭡
˵
ţԱǡ
һӦȴ˼ɫ
ҽͷһѻˣÿŻ
ͷڶѨתһȦֱߵź
ΪȻЦ˻ɡ
Ԫ̤붴Ѩ֮δ쳣˿ž͵Ѱһ˵ͷѣ鿴һзδ֪俴߶ڸɽѨ֮УѰһѻ̫ʣ
ͷȻһڣޣռ˵ıˣ
Ԫɫ㬣
ͷһץ˳˦ȥһָⵯߵźδ׹£ʱ仯ҽԵһ֣ƤҪЪϢȴ͵ػ׶˫ĿȻ
ۡۡ
ڴʱд
ֻʱĶͻȻִӰԻķŭ
Ԫڶǰվţһæǰ
ɫһݣݶ˵ӭ˳Ƴٽһ˱ݺȥ
׳ʾӰŭҡ
ȥڰ;תһУűѪ֡׳⧲֮£һֻƣʱ֧ŲסǰȥŲꡱһ±㽫Էء
֮˲䣬䡱һ졣ںڵײѨڻĽ
ͷӦһȴȻֱ̧㽫ɷ˦˳ȥ䱾Ǽڶ˫ȭǰ
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顪
һ֮Уͷ˫ȭֱֱ׳ؿڡԷ˻˶׹һȻ𣺡˺㡭˫һ֣ѪɡһߡҼΪ׳˶ĺӣǱ˺롣
ͷȥ̫ʬԵ˶ǰšͨվȡ˰ͷѪߺתһ˫ۣޣĹŹ֡
ॡ
ɷعѪǽ֮УԭöЩĶǡ
ԪӶŽűߵס˼ֵѣֱŰɱ˶֣һвת֮䡣ǸͷֱһͷѪĶޣ
ǳŵϵʬ׿⡣
ͷǸˣԸ룬תֵϴֶզĽ书ָΡ
һʼվδǣӦг
λֵܵĸ¹ףʵ˼ֵϴ硣һʵֿ죬ҲԼԴ̡ȣǸԵЩˡ
ͷ⣬ҡԴ֮νټ١ʵʵˣͷҾһ˲ð
Ԫأ㷲˴Ѫɱٽɵη壬żˡԼӳɣæָ˫ַǰȥԵ޵ͷ˫ȫ壡
ͷһץԪе˳ڱҪǳ䡣̹صͷţ
ԪӼЦݣ˵ο˵صٲָܷͬһ
ͷԪԲ˫ۣΪƵ߳ʵ˵ٹƨ£˵𡭡
Ԫɫһˡ
ͷֵɱ֮ˣɽµһģһǽ£Ī棿
һʱ˵һҲþˣЪϢһмƽϡ̧򶴿ڣ;ԣ΢΢ͷʾ⣬žԵ˶⡣
ҹɫɢʶȥɽһƬ쳣֮⣬սݵ֮ȻȫӰһˮڲԭϾʡ
һҹƬ̣תɽ
ѷȥ˵ϵʬѰƤڻǰ̯¡δЪϢһںꡣ
ͷԸԳռ˽һط泯ţƳ
ԪһǰϸϸѰ٣ڴŻԵĽ١
ϴȸ֮аطнʯ֮ʩչá
һͣ£ӹԷĹȡһɶ೤۴ϸֱҳء䶥Ǹͷģ˼Źֵķһǳİķ޿֮УǶһ鼫Сʾʯ
ĵȴ׵Щ£Լҵ۹⿴䷨֮ܣǷ׵磬öδ֪
һֽȻ˵أǡ
Լ򵥵ķȤӹȼ
һ۹ӹܣֵ㡭֮ǰһ
£漴ͷҲ̧ػصҴǰ˶ѡ
һĬȻ
ıж˳ȣԵж˱ͨпж˼ͨʼղƵģǳֵ֮֮飡
ôĳˣ
һʵв֪ںδ
֪Һá
һƲƲǣԶԡ
ס
ǡڴʱʮĽԷ̳̳޹޵ԪӺһ
޶ԡ
һ̧˹ȥ
Ԫƿһͷƨɿ񡣺󶯾æŤͷܵҿϹŷ
һ̳ڲصı󣬰ŽĶϣȻżǳǳģķӡǡ⣬ʶ֮ҲԲ
ԪŲָ̧ģ۹žʾеĹȣԼ˴ķɵ߱ΪϹŸˡҵ֮ǰƣó֡ɻӭж⡣Σ
һ۹ڷƬ̣δԪӣü΢΢һͻȻ׺ȵҹȡ


1319 ԩ·խ
Ը⣬ȴǺɵӳеĹȣ漴뿪˹
Ԫɫɡÿεз֣·񶨡ʱ˿̣Լ˲ɣ
ͷԺ˯Ȼֹס˴գһ˫ۣ˳ץסԵϢ֮һͷҹɫʳҰޣ͸ɱ鶯쳣
Ѩ֮Уžֻаı΢΢Ϣء
һ˫Źȣ
Ԫֵķģȶ̵һޡǰöģһͼڣģѶȴܴԼֱ׵磬Լķ⾳ߵöģӵĻȻڵķ˴˻ǣ
һ˼Ƭֳ̣ȣӶһ˿ļӳ֣޿еľʯһâһͣ۹ӹܡ
ʮıǽйâӳ֮⣬Ѩڲ״
ΣԪЩʧӦйأҲѰ
ͷȻĹˣⷢ
һͣ٣漴ٽӶžһ죬ʯȻ顣Ϊҫ۵һâȴٿȻѨ֮ǡһѵĶ
ɲǣͬһڵ˽ѭȥֻǵǽ·ѿһȦ϶ɶߣһţȴֻȻա
ģһš
ͷһɤӣ˹ȥ
ǰͬǳֶ⡣
ԪŵؾһŲŲǱǽѩɽȻ壬ĿʶԲ쳣˭оȻá
һ˿ǵǽתŶڽķһƳֽ۹еĹ֮ϣס΢΢ǡ
ʱͷѳ嵽ǽǰ붼顱һ죬ȿ޷϶ıžȻһ漴һͷ˽ȥ󺰵ģء
Ԫ̴šͷɻЩϣأ
һǰת֮ŵһ̣̲סһ㵡
ǽ֮󣬹ȻһߡڲʮɶѡƤһЩҵĿ̺ۡǳ׼һ޵ҡΪǣȴ̮һ飬¶һСĻڣзѩзƮ䡣
ϴָǺá
ͷڱдתһȦϰݵģ
һܣתǵԼʾˣ׷
ɸҶ϶ͷһ٣۷Ź⡣Ǳ֮βʹ˺ȥ鿴ȴòע⡣ɹæܵϴдһӣ˱ʧڻ֮С÷Ըȥ
Ԫӳ£Ҳų˱ߡ
һΨֵʧ̧ǵڡȥ֮ʣȴֻ׾þӡ
ܣΪڡŶڵıǽΪ񣬱ǻ֮ͫҲԿ͸һıϣµĿ̺ۣԶֶܱߡ
Ӧϵĳȴ֪ͬ˼Ԧۣ˼£̤ǳȵȡ֣Ϊ֮ҡѣ
Ǵ˼˵ƾ룬Ϲžʵء
һ֪Ͼ飬ȴ΢΢ʧ
ǡڴʱУģԭ㣬վס
ͷĽӶ⴫źĪĹδ֪ı
һ˱ߵĻڡ
ת˲֮䣬档
ֻããҹɫ֮УһӨ׵ıббָޡٲ˺ڰΪؼһߵ˺ۡ
弫Ϊխͣסɴ˰֮⣬ӰڽǰȥǧɣһӰŲ
һѪһ漴ѭųķ弹ǰСβŶǿķƴ˷æ̤ȣԶ˼Сġ
׹±壬ϡȥͬҿֽ
һ̧̤ߣ࣬ȥƵҲ硣Ƭ̣Ȼ׷Ԫӵ󡣶Ҫ޴ӽ¼м漴մֱԽ˶Էͷ
֮˲䣬һ󺮷ѩϮ
һӶ˫䣬ѩ֮ٿȻֿأ²ͣǰ
ԪӲзһӰԽȥԶǰĪ
ʱĹһ׷˴ѩãã֮ʹ˲ڣʶã⡣
ͷһۣ¼ӿ죬ʵϴ֪
һӦ֪в²ѡ
ʮԶǷеĻͷŴӣڵؽиͣġվסӴ˫ȡһӰ֮⣬Լѵһ塣ʶпһλ׳ж㣬׷ϣȴĶǱ
һ֮һʮɵͱڵסֵ˵ȥ·ѩɽۣ֮ڡ׷ǸǾƣߣݾصɴתڳһݵļƣϻһĨε飬еķɽָ·޺߳Ϊ֮ͬˣοơ
ǵͱȻߣȴͬǵһ˾أмĪա
ֵ˱ͣ£κν±ƣֻñ˴ǰվͷȻçײǿԷռ˵֮Ӷ̨ʤԩ·խˡ
׳ǴѲ̨ʤʮɸߵľ֮ϣߣ֪գ͸һͷɱ̨ĳֻû
ףͷţҸӵšͷŭɶ̧żݶ𡣶ȥ߰ɣһâͷ䡣æӰȥ顱һ֮Уȥƶʱȷأȴ׹һԨץһѣʹ⡣һ£ʢŭٴǿеǶƿڴӽշǽѸ˲ɡ
ͷֲˣӶɱڵ
̨ʤɫںؽָ·Ƶһɱһɱһ˫ֵǰҵĶ֣Ȼ
ڴʱһͻȻ֪ĳǲĶ֡ǰһļͷֵλֵ԰꣬˵С㽻Ұɡ
ϴ󷢻ͷʱ
֮ϣһֱʢ˵̨ʤȻ˿꣬·ʮӰЦһǰˣ⡣ѱɱ̨ĳǲ֪νǺǡ
һһƲ˵ĳȡں
̨ʤ
һȻֵĳҪɱ֮ˣһ⡣մʱ㼸仰
̨ʤ⣬벻ˆ£֪ʺ£
һ˵Ǳ˵أȡˣζǽ
Х֮У֮ϵ̨ʤζӡ


1320 ϵ
̨ʤһ˼ι֮ƴӳ˱ĺе˭Ž߲ĵ죬һȺˡ
ʮ׺쳣̨ʤӣȻҪߴ
̨ʤòӵƲأת֮׸ľأνСģκﲻͨ鼱֮±Ҫʩչס˶Էһ֮ˡΪŭһ٣һ⡣
̨ʤ˱ɽ¡а׷߳Ӵʡ¶֪ȻججԷ̧֮˵ʱ
ЩĵĹ˲壬ǿߣη顣绽꣬޷ͨεֶλĸΪ
Ą̊́ʤ⿪֮˵ﻯΣһʩչ˼ΪѤСšڳ˶ʱĿɿڴΪͨߣæݼеĴϡ
ͻת̨ʤϴټƲأؽչ˳ƶΪ˱ΪصıɽѨ֮СȥʱߣһΨб˲ö룬æס˶ڣ漴һͷԵڵء
ֱչ̨ʤӻ˹գһ֮ǿ֧ţѵ;ƿݵĵزƭЩѰһ֮ȴٴݾԷ֪࣬ưոݣ
̨ʤھ֮У˼Բߡûգ汻ڡ
֮ϣ̨ʤ˵
ûǰľһһԻ£˵ÿÿҹĻ٣ɽµһжѲڡճָֻ򡣶ɽϿضѨҹ֣˴һģһȴиͬǺǣ˹Ƿλ첻⣿
Ű֮Уͱµֵ˿ȻԪ֮⣬Ǳѩ·һڳǰ
һ̧۴Ŷؾµ̨ʤ
ܳΪħʵӥȮմʱҲż汾¡ʱз壬⣬ȴ΢΢粻纮ľȡδ£װΡ
һ˵˵Ϊ龰֣վһռĸӰˡƻ󣬻Ϊ٣Ī⣬λµ״Ҳ󡭡
̨ʤЦݣ˵ڶжգԴɽӵĶԻɽʥ塣ɽȺΪʥ塣ɱߣΪԦ塣廥ΪУִݡһתʵһȻˣ֪ΪΣ
һûΪԼǸˣʶʱæãΨԲǻܲ׾ҡҡͷصк棬ȴʼղ࡭
ߣҲ޴̨֪ʤŲм飬пȺƴȴޣֻΪһˮԴѣʵ˿ɱֿЦ
ˮԴ֮ԭˡ
ʥԦȻͬѰȴ׼ķûˮԴΪڣҲζ˵ķϢ봫м̡ΪƴҲ֮Сڲʳ̻ʿ˾ټΪƣȴ֪ɱЦ֮ˣûɷ֣֮
һ˵ζǽ
̨ʤעһδ𣬶ҡͷ㲻Ϊҽټ˵٣³ԿͻȻüƽֵѰٶܲǴ°ɣ
һ˼Ǵ£ֻɽµĽ¶ڵĽƸã
̨ʤ˵ôأŲ½赲ɽĵӣÿҹ֮ʣڶǰʶˡΪԼİһΣŵǵ겻ıǽԭʶ͸аšߡƺЩûڵû뵽ǹȾп֮ãʵˡ
㲢⣬ǲмһˡȻջὫһȷءһһ䣬̨ʤļæϣûС
ʥ峤µı֮󣬱㿪ǽչˣҵȲһԹ˵˴룬˲δӴܣȴԼұϾ·ǱӦˬɫֵ˵ıƣʥıĳղɱ㡭
ͷһֱ˶ԻȻѹϴԶڵһк£ԭ֪˽ȵǡΪβɱǳŭɫͷһ˻ۡ
һÿɷʼ硣
ͷǷǷᡭ
Ǻą̇̄ʤµؿ·ˣ̲סЦֻҹŻơⲻ֪֮ʱһաƭСļƭùˡ
ͷԼԩϴæһЦתֳҡԴֱգͣ޹ģ
һͷǼһƤ񣡶һѶһɫĽâбָ£֪㲻˳ӣȴ֪˵ĳҹǺ⣿
һˣǿȴּΪ£ܴӶֵѰһ̨ʤͱ·Ǹһһˣ
̨ʤɫЩӲ漴ǿЦȻ²⣬ʵ˵˰ɣֻҹʱɽµֱ㽫ָɽཫһ֮˱ؽ֮ڵΧҪѴ˽٣ڵ֮ѣǺǡ
һüɱȻҲѹ뻢ͷƣ̨ʤʵ׶ԸݾȻ˵սթ֮棬֪ư¶Եβ̫ྪš
ͷ޿̣ŭģͷϷŪӣҡ仰δ䣬һٿȻɳꡱһ²ͱ֮СȻ塢ɣżڰһ㣬ڿֱϣݺݻӶɷҪ
֮󣬽һԾϣơ顱ҳȭ
̨ʤԭǾնأ޿ֵַ̫֡ͻȻʱæҡȴϼ赲漴˶ȥգۼѳããҹɫ֮УưЦǺǣ֮ɱ̨ĳ롭
ͷԾϾ£δ䣬ѷ˰˳ȥܽµԨŭͣҪƴˣ
ֵ紳Ѿãͬͬˡȥųǰ
ͬʱһһɱ֮ģȴְɻ󡣲ת֮䣬ͷѷܲ˳ȥ룬̧Ծ£˳ץԽ׷ֵȭͷ𽣺Ȼ䡣̨ʤѲʱûĹ֮¡
顪
һ죬̨ʤӰֵƲס޴ӽ׹޵ҹɫ
ͷƶֻܴЦ
ǻֻһεغߵϵˡ


1321 ׸
䡢䡢䡪
һƬɽϣͻȻ֮ߴСӡмɢȥһֻع
Ƭ֮˴ðӰһԾתһԡ꣬һӰض˴ӵ˳һӴĳһŵµϵأѵ̨ʤûϴ˵Цء
ʱʥ壬ʧҹɫжӰ
ڣǺڰµһƬİɽȡɢʶȥɽãԶԼž쳣δѣ٣
ϴ޹˵Цݵſ磡
ͷ𡭡
࡭
ˣ¶ǽϴɣſɸ߿ʧţŪҪˤ˵ģ簲Ȼ񣿹
ߣϴΪ֮壬㻢ͷֻǿ
𣡺ӣҪ֪Ҹ˲á
㣡ϴԵϵ֮˵
ֵ˶ͭǵӣȻɸ߿׹£ڵҸӡǱ֮⣬Բ޴󰭡еĻͷǽ쵱ȤŻҳʣһԡ
һԶջʶתѰ˿ƽ̹ϥ뻢ͷ̡ͨ£ǸȻһЦ˵ֻѰУʹ̨ʤлɳáʧ֮
һ˵ĬȻЦ
ͷư죬ϴֺοأѽһһϸ˵
⣬Ÿ͵⵹Ǿ˻
һ̧׳̳ӡ
ֱֵ̳Ŀ⣬Ǻع˰̳Ӿơͷž˲Ҫ˵ȴסž̳£˵̨ʤƣԼ˵Ӧ١ҵģȴı𡭡
һٳֻ˵⡣
һǵһǡֵ֮ºһҲȥص޵⡣еʡ˼΢Ž
ͷȻģ統ʱء
ͷϣסһۣ֮Ž˵˳ɱ̨ʤ֮ʣѲ죬ֻʱæϾ˼ȴǱϴһԵ
ͷšʾԼҲôġ
̨ʤѰԷ׷ϡʥطѱʶƣڹƵóѡ䱾ȻǱ֮С˵ҵȲʹѰȥ̨ʤؽӡ
ͷ̲סһģץ̳ӣ޵ƣ뻢ͷ뵽һˣ治Ϊֵܣҷʥ壬ɱ̨ʤ𡭡һѵÿһأȴԴԼԷ벻⣬̳£˫˫һֵļƣȻҪ֮ǰɱȥ
һϽ«˼
Ĳ²⣬˾Ųʮ˵ʱ桯ֵ֮ĬʥһУǾǵħڣħȵ龰ֻ֣ҪԺСģصʮǰĸޡԼҵֵܿǷǣȻĳ˱Ҳ֮ǣ
žžվ̳ˤô졣
һͷ˾̳ӱҪɵ۹б˻𼱻ǣɺͳܷ˵仰ٶ١
δæͷ¡
ͷЦտֵϴĪ뻢ͷ⣬֡ͨ£ȴƫתӣʱȭͷ
һϽ«һھƣŲæ˵Ĳ²⣬ֵ˲ŽѰɽ£ѱ̨ʤ֪޴Ӷܣ簵мƽϡ£ŵ̨ʤԽưڳ󣬺ɽ;зѣֹⶪ¹ҵȿǽ
뻢ͷ̨ͬʤⶪ¹ȣΪΣ
ҵȥ̨ʤܰĶȥһóȵݸԹ˵ǽǡÿɼ̨ʤӳߡö룬϶˱׷ɡ֮⣬ȥƫƫѡһ·γƣ޷ǼҵȱУʢŭֱͣһͬ׹ɽȥ
ӹȣ̨ʤ˵ĳҹѵҲΪ֮
һδˡܷȵһȴ֮С
ͷԴԹϴȥ˭öβǳһЩ
һ˿ھƣͷ֮һ仰̨ʤҪƭʥ塣´ʱתҲѰӰ
ͷˣֵǳ˿
һε磬ӯȱԿ˳ڡ
ͷȻ˭ѵ˵ֵԡû뵽ϴҲ̨ʤʱأߺߡ
һ΢㵣漴ЦϴҲһʼձСǸǻĵ
ͷûгԹ
һ룬˵ţûСȴǵˡ
ͷŴ죬£ȴֲЦֻţһĹģ
ȴΪȻص˵ͷеĹȣ˵ϴΪҪң
һʥĳϷȣУĦһеϹ֮⣬洦
ˣ
ǡڴʱͷͻȻֿЦ
ֻһֺ˺ƳҹϼҫءԶɽһƬ֮¡

ʱ֣һƬɽȳǰ
һɽ֮ϣӰ
ֵûзʥ塣㲻ϷŹ̨ʤΡΡѩȴ޴Ѱ˱Ÿ·û⣬ֱչ˳˴
ԪʼδӰйΣû֪
ֵЪϢ֮ʣ鿴
תеһö߲ԽڣΪ塣便λںδͼвδ
ͷںشһӣǺ˵һ·ȥֻײײ
ƣл˵ĵ
һķΣҲǲڡ޼ƿʩ֮£Ӧʵ绢ͷ˵仰δ䣬ϴӢ㾶ԴɽڣһԶˡ
״һֻ׷˹ȥ
ֵ߼Уɿӹɽȡʱ̵֮ǧ֮⡣ǰĻͷһɸߵɽҪһԾȴͻȻ۷ָֻȻ
һֱһľ¡פ㲢簤һ𣬻ͷС˵ɲˣһȺŲ㱻
ӹľ֦Ҷ϶ȥɽ֮ǵʮϿȡ
ʱϿ֮УȻۼźѹѹһƬӰǷĹˣǧ֮ڣֻŮ׽УμΪ죡
ͷ̽·ʱ֣ǵ⣬Сֵط˵ϴƣǲڵȼħʿԭˣֶ
һûỢͷأ
ǧĹ˾һȴһڵ϶ɫηǰΪ̨йʯ֮⣬ϻλʿԱֽŶãгֵĺһɱڡ
ͷԲ߸ùʿ֮УڵˡµλߣӦԺɣΪɾ֣ȴͬ˴׸򡭡


1322 ɱ˼
ɱ˼룡
Ȼá
桭
ͷμΣզ಻ѡȻɱб飬ȴûĻϴһرȥ
һȴǴǱ˵ƿ۹⣬ת̨֮ңңڹʯ֮ǰһվһԡվŵλֳֹȵˣƤͷɢɫЩĪ⡣֦ϵģһλ׷ԲԵߣ˫Ŀն˿ٲȻǵ޵ĵز
Ϊ룬ԵʡȺȴҪʿΪιʣ
ֵ˽ڣ¹
ֻߵ̨䣬߸߾еĹȡ̨·æأһϻ̳Ͽ֡תԹʯϿȵԶдʣ˫ϥضߵװݼǧ֮漴棬ķʱһƬ֮С
֪䣬ǡˡ촫Ͽȵࡣ
ͷûɵش˺䣬æ˦˦Դͷģˡ
з޴󰭣˼У˵ĪҪСϹż룬˵෨ͨԴڴˡǧ˵ʶ¶ֲͬյüǿ˻۽硭
ͷΪ
룬Ӧν޷ڷ˵֮ˡֻǵúʱȴ޴ɿйϸǲö֪
ߣ飬ȴɶû˵ƫƫֹ˺桭ͷһ䣬תֵϴʶɷԽ󡭡
һԵĶǻȻأϿȡ˫ŵѪɫϳĹâ֡
֮ͫУϿгֳһΡ
Ͽǧ˵ķص棬ʼֻ֮һȺϷ㼯ͬһƬƴɫȴ̺Ī֮ǻǰǷ̨֡
꣬һɽϿԶиǼŸϤİǣšţ̶ӿڵߵڡ֮Ƭ̣߱ѿήȻ˻תļ󡭡
һĿű˾²⣬ȴš
Եᵽһǡ丹Ƶƣֱǣ
Ե췦˵صȴԼ뵻ͼءӳߵԪƺгЧɼһ˵Ը΢΢ڶԸһ𣬾Ȼ־ɳǵ棡֮ν춯أǣ
ֻһ
һȻ֮ʣ
ȻϵкתڵٴšͬʱվдУеĹһ衣֮˲ٻࡣֻʾ⣬߸׳ʿץڳһţԾе
һüͷɱ˼룡ԭ֮Ѫߵд
ö룬ڵ˱˼ļƷ
ᣬ˵ϴĪҪˡ
ͷΪȻɽǧ֮ڣҵȴʱͱ˷ûɶֺαضأϴ󣬻ͷ˵Ƿ
һתͷѪȥ˫˵ࡣӲԣ벻ȣںģԷҪ̧ͷֱӵȥд鷳㲻ڴ˴仰û䣬ȥΡȥֵɽ¡
ߺߣϴ󾹸Ʋͷûꡭ
ͷ㶣ǲ޵ظһ䣬漴ļǵԽ֣ȥټ
̨֮ϣڱ顱һˤڵϡֻͷת
֮ǰ뼸λͬһ£һЩʱĽҶһ١һͷԪӱ˹ץ֮˼æ̹ܿ;רѰС·ɽּѰٶС
֪һչȥ˲淽ֻҹ·ϡͿһɽ֮С
ǡʱֻ֣ǰɽᰵľƣϪˮв˼ңٲȻһ԰¡
컵ĳ֮У续ķͻȻ׶ٸĺӳ˶Ѩᣬһֱֳɱڡ
ˣȻһͷ벿Ⱥϳ˼ưոݣ
ܰɣ
ڴżλͬƴӴܣκιѲڡûκ˽Աܻ׽֪λԺĵĵѲⲻҡ۱˴ˣͬż̨֮ϡ֮£˿֪
ڻǰĲ̲סֽŤֻĴָϸȴΪͣпƷĹ죬ʹ˸޴
Զһ˱ס֫ſڵءǸߣŴ»Ұ׵ĺ룬˵ѣĪٵ󹤷ˡٿѰȴϹΪ٣䲻֮Уרʿ
ƫתԴб۹⣬ĵشԭѼʶԨ跨ǣȻһ
ԭ֮ʣѰлͨԷģεؿЦ£˵׵ѽԺĵԶŲ壬ϹŵĴ֪֣ȴ̸ϼʶԨµͽκΡ
ףԭԶһλߡɴ˫ĿգȻǵģ
ڲɵð̾һ
֪˽գ˱ھĺеϡͷ羰ޣѰټĵر񲻿գݾƾ׸ҽ첻Ӧеز飬ֱٶڲ
ϿȥһѣΡ
Եɱ׳˫۸߾٣һڡ
ھͣ˫ۡ;ûзֵֽѱָȣڳ롭

̨ΪɣɸߣɷԲΪ㡣
̨ĸߴڷŹʯԼ̻УءǸеߣǺԵ䡣ֳֹȵһԣظ·
̨Ķ㣬λ¾ĺʿת֮䣬㽫ѪĽͷ­䣡
̨ɣ֮䣬һȺŮأԹضͣ
˵۹ӹķһŹֵѿڶ֮˲䣬ĶһƽĪƶʱϿȡȺ鼤֮ʣȻеĹȡһֱ߸׳˫ۻӶʱѪɣҽէ𡭡
һ̣ϿͻȻһ
Ѫ罦Ľ޶ĿĲҽδͣЪӵľĶǣ
˵УһĿȻ
ֻǸλֳмĺӣȻ֮ȥһնϣһ϶һֱͷ­δҡ͵ϮȴʼղӰʥʹ˻ֶ̿ʴӣ
ôλʿȴһһ
ڴʱǸͻȻ˻һ޴롣λʿһ˲䣬Ȼŭ漴еĹȺݺݻȥ
һŹֵȻʱס̨
֮ɲǣӰΣȴжٻһ˴㵵ϴǳ鷳治С


1323 Ѻ
鷳ǲС
һҲû뵽ᱻ˱ȶֳڽɱм׳֮˳ƽڵȼϵնϣͻȻһƬŹĪ֮С
֮˲䣬ع磬ʹ޴ƾֹأǿҲûô
ֵҲͬ³
ͷšǸ˵Ĺ̫죬Ȼı£Ϊߣ̨·ǧ֮ѲٹţһȻ˵ɱˡס־ɲ˰ȺŹĴ̡
Ǹأվ̨ߴɫŭϡȻ裬ܻܲءٸֱֳ׳ӿǷɱԼ쳹Ͽȵĺ羪κ˰Ʋɵ
ڴӵ롣
ǻλ׳һλֵܣʲ֮ʲ߶ڤڤ֮бӦ顣ԭĳ飬к֮°
ڲ룬Ȼ飬æǳ֮˼ѶԸ
λ̻״
һ˾㵵ǲǾǰһ𡭡ѣһ빲
һãȻָδȥ
һн˸ѽλʿϵնϡ˭Ͻ֦һʱ̨֮ϡ׳ɱڻȵӡ
ɱˣһм׳ҪǱһΡ漴ֹضжѣֻǿ˺Իӵ̨֮ǰ
ͷӰζæϴ·Ӱ
ڡԭ׵˲Žȣȴԭǻа棬һǻȻΣ
һϾ˵תֱȥ˴˲̶̵֮ȴͬһεǽڴкب赲Ȼ߾ȫԽԷȻ߾̨ϣдʣŷŭ벻м飬еĹָ̨¡
֮ͬʱʮ׳ӿ̨
뻢ͷֻ̨࣬ܽݺȥס͵Ĺơһλﻹţ´𣺡ϴùȵɱ
ڵѻعٳɽƵֿΪޣҾٶٻвһŻң
һǰһͣ£ȴ̧ŭӣеĽâ²
Ϊַһ˿⡣ѪɫâȻʱȻһ
֮ͬʱһͻȻнҫ漴̧һ̤֮һѣƺէ죬ܵٿȻһ䣬̨΢΢ҡΡưεضеĽ˲ֳĽٲȻǱеġ
ʧ񣬶Ȼѣ漴ҪʩʶĽɫն£ʹ˽סһ㱡֮˲䣬һĽⱩɲȻ¡ɫ䣬æ赲
顪
һ֮Уѱ÷顣мܣȻ˳ȥһӰǽһץסĪ̹Ǿ꣬Һһ˹ȥ
һȥƲͣ˦ȡһһ߷ʯڹ֮ϣ̶һֳֽһץǸ˲תȵס֡
ʯ̨ϵ࣬ɱһһȺǰͺ̣ԴԴ뻢ͷֻȴӿȺӷ񡣺ڵ˵ĳֵڸܵеľ
һͻҵĳһת֮䣬ҵɱٴη
˿϶ͷ˳ʯ̨ߴ
һ״ĸ⡣Ϊ֣ɰΣЩѪçȻг
ͷӰɨ顱һ·ĵķѷ˳ȥеһڣҲʱҵѪģ⡣ǰϴ󣡴˴ûㆪ£ȥδӼϣ
ڵ˴ӵңѵﲻͨ
һóԱӿȺûϴ²˳١
͸⡢Ѫ⿴ȥһŷŭŤڻζšԾš֮⣬һȺڹս˸ţšԶ졣ϿܵɽɫԼȻľ£Ѫȵɱ¾룬ֻȻһ壡
һ۹ӹԶƽɼΡ
ؿɱ䣬ѺĳĆ£Щʱˣ
һԳ̾ȴٳɣɴǰг·仰δ䣬͵ؽеԶԶ˳ȥ漴תԾ̨ȥǡȺϡٴ赲ߣԱڵء˲ɱһѪ·ѭϿǰȥ
ڵ˲ҵųǰͷβϺȴеϴ˶ˤ
˲δˤǱ˫ֽסڵȺͣ
ĺɫ٣һ˴ҴҽΡĿԶĺ϶ҹɫʡ
˰գԶǸϿȡɫ·Ҿ͵ЪϢһޣд㡣
֮ɸߵСɽɽϲľȴҰݣﵹҲƽ̹ϰϰɽ紵ʹ˱Ϊ֮һ
һѰ˿ط£뻢ͷֵ˾ͽЪϢλȴڵĴµ˸ǰл˼š
ԭףҰеһйźĵ졣ʷħʢᣬԴżǰѰٻԵջ˵еˣȴʧɢֻʣλȴֲƷþ֮лҲӦ֮壡
һ֮·ϣܼ䣬ʾλЪϢԷԺգȴΪͣʱοڽڲԶﾴ⣡
Ƭ֮ɽϰ
ƴɱãգֲǰй磬ʱЩƣ룬ʯҪɽһͷȴǽסųԹϴĴΪβɱǸȵļһأҪ֪ʱֵ֣æˡ
һ˫Ŀ΢أ񣬻źúûŵ󶯾ͷҲصߵߣǷȼΪףܱƹȡ
ͷЦţš
һŷ˵˲Ǽ˾еĳϡɱ֮棡һ˶˹˼ɡȻ֮׷ͽ鷳
ͷæӦţϴĻеһתֵֵ߰Ҳ鷳ɱķȻѪţʹһ㻳أٺ٣ϴ󣬻̳ơ
ƣÿ̳žƽѣҲڣ
һóļ̳ҰھƣȴֻһƳĻͷ³֣ûˣȶԷֵҽصϼѹ
ͷʧѿڵֵҲûС仰ųڣһֱֻ˲ϣ߳Сͷ˵һûС
һͷԸһЦתɣ漴ִȻһ
һس೤ĹͷӨ״Ƕķġ


1324 
ʥĶѨڣһѲ˹зĵ֮֮£дĦȴһֱҪ塣
һϿ֮Уֳֹּȡ
һ档̶һͷ
£ȴͬǳ׼ضеķķйأ˴߶֮ʣʹΣԽֹΪ֮֮ͬ֮Ȼͬǲܳûֻ̽»ź࣡
ʷ̨һԻ֮ͫϡƽ֮ǿгԽģ³ǵģ޴ãȴǱƵǸϾˡûһ˹ȲȡеһأͷȾ˰
˺ЪϢ֮ʣһܲöʡһ
ǳ೤ĹͷǹĴ׵һء׵·ȻǶİķġ
һļ£ǰһͬӡһҹ䣬ȫ񶼳ʮ֮С
ʮӶķģб𣬶໥֮ȴй֮ͨǽֿ󣬲ʮֱ仯ԵôҲȻͬк绽꣬׻𽻼ӣɱȵȡ
ʮȻƹǳԣȴֻɬѶ޴ӴĦҪ͸֮
ҲǣϹٵأеֶαضǼּȴν򷨹ڡ׷ϹŷģδزͨĸԴڣ
һϲȴһʱˣֻýʮҼ¡ʱգܴӡ̫ؾ澭ԴԼתջ񣬷ͨؽϲ¥
ϴǰˡ
һ޼ʵĻԭкո߹ߣϼһפƬ̣еĻͷ֣һɤӣǰڡԭ׵С
һȴԭضĬĬĥʮġǰĻͷٴλʾ⣬ͷת̧ǰ
ӵ뿪ʥ壬Ͽȼ̨ɱ˾ˣЪϢһּ·תѹȥ˰֮áֱմʱ;⡣ںδȻ޴֪ͻȻ֮з֣֪ᷢʲô
ԶƬҰݵĻ¡
ͷȾΧڻµܣһɫ䱸ֺɲ
һ뷢԰׵ڻ²ݵȻƤֳľȣһֻССҡһĹˣߴȴ˫ݶ糾ƣģʱͻȻΧȻ쳣ƽתһ˫۹ĬĬķ
ͷϸƣȻģǸϹӡ
в裬ɲǾǸʧϹӡ
ͷתֺϴԭǸϹӣǺԲסһӣɨˡΪ䵥Ĺˣǡæ˹תۼû¡
ڵ˷ȴܶԷб䡣
Ϲӣ˫Ŀʧߡں֮У˲һ˵ȴİûд𻰣ǰפ
ͷеڵϣתʮߣµϹͷǺˣԺηа䲻ʵһѣߺߡһڣݺݵļΪˡ
ԶĶǹ֮⣬δк쳣Żͷѵ֪ͷǸϹӣﲻֺͨαƶЦ
ߣ˭ЦҡͷһɡȻûȡЦһֵ֮ڲӰϹͷԺηѵ˸е𣿡Ųյһǰڳһ˼״˵ϴ󣬴±ѽ
һ﴿еģ˵Ļȴɷ¡һ΢΢ͷ׿ϵ˼ܹ裬תǰ̧һָȵϹͷĪƲɣĪӵȵòͷƣʱҪסϻ䣬˴ŲϡɬɤصλλԺη
ͷһǴ֮֡ʣʧϴϹͷ˻
ʱ˵أȻһλúߡǶԷϹŻþȫ޽ͷ֣ǱԼһԼڵˣҲΪ֮첻ѡ
һ˫üһϢ
ֻأڲݵϣ΢΢һ˫Ұ׵죬Ƶ͸żɻɫֹ֪Щʲô
һƬž
ͷͲסһᣬ߳ʵͷ㾿˭Եζ˻
ѭתͷ꣬ٴ˵Ϊ˻ѵ𡭡
ͷ£Զԡ
ߵĻ˳Թ˵ȻĿȴλˣͬ˫֮һλоš
ͷִſڽࡣƾΪ档Ҫзֱ𱰲ͬȴʵ˷˼ͷʶ
ۼˣȴأÿ֪ůɱáŵķֻء֣⣬ͨ߻һζеľȣʾ磬䣬˿˿Ȥӹçԭ
ͷס˿ڴߵߣλʿȴװģ
߻һ٣ĬȻƬ̣ЦЦҡͷ̾ϣκ·;ңԶһ񡭡
ͷˣҪж硣ԴǶ԰ף䲻̷Σټ϶ԷƮĪ⣬ʱͷˣµ˵Ϲͷ¡
߳ͷ죡
ͷҪæԴ̵ϴϴڹؼʱֻһϹ۵ͷѣɴһꡣԣſᵽһ壿
һԽͷǰЦ˵ĳһУƫԶ֮ءʲҼֵܶʧ֮λ˼Ҫ黳˹֣۹ꡣ
߲ʿҲʶ˫ĿʧȴضܴйͨﲢΪáǳ׼һλˣ
ߵĺһ仰ľζȻûе⣬̸һջҲδ֪
ַ̧˰Ѻ룬һķ漴ľȻͷ˵λ׳ʿᣬȴлȻ֮ƣΪɡ
һҡͷԼ˵һǧٶ꣬Ϲߵǰʵǲֵһᡣ
̫ƣȫصϣ˫ֱһ೤ںľȣ˵УԹȡԶѹʮꡣȻԶɼͽκΡ
УҲ
һɫ΢ʵ˼Ҫȥ壿
Գеߵ˵ͷ˵


1325 ͻһЦ
У˫Ŀмؼ˵˼ֲͬԻߣҹξг롣ÿγ֮ʣԼȻһ壡
ȱʧһֱڣ
Ǻб־Ϊһλ˾صķʦҪԼĸ֪ÿһλˡҪǶ֮ã¶Թɱ¾ȥϧ֮׵һС
û˻һϹӳΪȺߡ߸ϵķʦͽڷѩйҹ
񣬶ɽˡԼһͬڳ˵࣬Ļֻ𣬾ʹڷ䣬հҶóࡣϸһ·Ѱȴ߶һλ
ţԼˣأ
ǰˣֻлԼڣʹ֮ϸطȺؼ̨ȥʦĸֶΡڤ룬
תڸ档
֪䣬ѶԷʦֶأֻûзȣüӡ֤ȴⲻڴˣ˸ΪԶ־
汲Ĵ˵УңԶһɽԻǵ壬𡢳񷣬ƣвϼбص֥ҩ
⣬ƶ˵ĸ߷֮ϣסܵ飬Լͨ·ȵȡ־ߣһ·Ѱٶȥıӻͣɳϡ
ľȣż򵥵ңճķһ̤Ѱٵ̣¶ޣȣûܵסĽŲת۹ȥʮ꣬Ȼ·ϡ
ϣһЪϢ
ǸеߣԻ˵ʮķꡣҹɫʱ֣ƣӰȴźڰȥֻʣһһСյضĬĬ
Դ״Ǽֲ֡죬ΪþһʧƬ䲻ڣȴϹһյʵ֡ÿʧһֽ¿ʼѭϢ
ͷʩչƭƺȵļκûӦԺ˯
ҲǸϲ˯ˡԴ֮ʱڴޡ˵ֶ˼öؽ򡣲δŵġ̫ؾȴָΪľת֮ΪϴһĶи
һĬȻ⡣ţԼ򵥣˵סмܱһ
ʱ֣еƾճڻµĲݵϣȴյһС
һ¼ѣԶĵ˵¡
ڵ˱գȺ֮ʣԶЪϢ
ͷһ˽мʶ˵ȻϹͷˣȴӣȤϴΪ䣬鷳
ԸͷֱΣԱó̳ӹˮ¶ǣ´ǡֵ˵Ц
ڴµ׷ͣľȣ΢΢˫ףݵȻŸпɫ
һûгĬĬŶߡ꣬óдĹȣδ˵Էɫ΢Ȼ׳ʿ֮ﲻѰ
˼ңܷľȽһۣ
һûд𻰣óһ龧ʯǶȵ޿֮С
в΢΢һæľ˫ַϣʧ׳ʿĪλʦ
峤ľȣСϸЩƽֲڣȴ͸ںڵĹ²ʮصķ
һӹľȣ˳ƽС
вǧľӲżá
һһľȶˡžһѿϥͷһعȣֲľ֮У˫ַתâͣ
ʯϢҲϤһλİӣȻЯı׾ٵԼľȣֹǾѰ֮
п۹⣬ɫ΢΢á
Ƭ̣һ˫չâľΪһ壬²һ˿ķ϶б仯֮Ƽν׾١֮˹ȥ˵ԵҷĳСС⣡
вΡΡվ˫ֽӹľ¸̾׳ʿȻλʦһλͨĴʦ˴ʯȱķȣ͡
һվͻһЦ
ͻȻǷ˰ݣץľȣſеֵַʦܷ䷨ϤУ
һЩȻͷӦʡ
лϵңзһѹǼףϡﻩУǰ֮ľһͬ˻ϲԽԲˡԲˡ
ʮƬƴСĹǼף˨һֱвͬķģʮ˵
д棬ԲԹ˷˵֪䷨ʮധĦܾ꣬лȱճ˫ַ֮ʦĪҪЦ
䷨ǷˡϹŵ䷨ʮ
һһǼŵҡҡͷ
ʮ˵֮УȻʮΪϤµİ˵ģȴǷֲһǳеֱʡ
һŹǼףƾŹĿ֮ܣܿİİ˵ġִżֺʵ֪󡣶ȴҪʮ˵ľȣǷ׵
кǺһЦ׵о͸żǵɣ˵޷ʮ˵䷨ֱ졢ءաµȰԣ뾪֡ŭϲ֡˵ʮ⾳ʮֱ仯ͬȴ˶ศɡֻ̫ڷӣ෨ʦֻܼԦ֮塣ˣΨ˺һĵ಻ţӦ
˶죬˲ͬܿܿǧ֣ջ벻˵֪ݡִ򣬲ǻһ;
һ۹еشûٶ˵ָ黮һķ漴̴ֱ뷨ȣǰг򡭡
ȻĿȴַܲѡ
ʮѾΪһ塣ܷƶչһ֪ҲĹʡǼһȥֵԵʹ𡭡
нӹȣϲǳлַʦԲˡԲˡ
˼ĳҲǳˣ
һδܣĳǷһת˿ɫ漴ͷҲصشǰ뻢ͷЩ⧲æ׷˹ȥ
У߶ţԲˡԲˡ
Ƭ֮һ׷һ
ͷ̲סЦԲˡԲˣԲƨϹͷȻħˡ
һƮȻǰɫ˼ŵЦ΢΢ü߳Цƨ
ͷУΪףϴʱŲԻ˺ŲԼһ䣬ֵֻҵϴѯʵ䣬
һԽ֮ơԳеʱԴǷͱˡԴӵʦֵܣ֮Ȼࡣѵ˵ֻȴԻûһô
˻ͷһۣŽѵ㣬ټڻе֮ڣֺʣ
ͷҹϴȴǷǲ֣˭
ۣץȥ
ͷæмһУﻹţ˵ϴͷȣձˣһ١


1326 ҹɽ
ѹ¡
һдҴҵӰٴͣЪŲ
Īǵ壿
ֻ֮⣬ճƣɽ壬߷Ρ룬ǧ
ǱǵɰҪӴ˽Խپ˲ִŲ㣬ӴҲԲˣҲԲˣ۹
ͷͦأһ㵭ϼ⣬ë׵Ļ͸žЦɽϵҲԶǰɫȻΨϴһڶ԰죬ȴ˫Ŀ΢ա
ͷ˰ԵֵһĽǰ´˵ϴһǸѮյ·̣ò֣Ϊɶ£զͿһأ
Ӹ͵ϴСͷ˵ûǰǵ壡һأɫԶ˼ֵ˴ŨѰͷҲʵ
һפ磬䣬˿˿Ȥ
ͷʶ˫磬üŪۣϴǸĪ⣡
һ˫ۣ΢΢üͷʵЦװģ
ͷɫһæҡԴϣʵ𡭡
Ļͷļʾ԰꣬˵ͷǸޣ״ϴĪҪһʶ
ͷʱˣһ˦µ˭ޣôʵߴ𡭡
ǺǣһȻЦ̧ŵ˻ͷԣ̧ȥļ򡣶Է׹Խǰһߴʵޣ
ͷһ״ЦıӰһŻЩȻ漴ֻͷݺݵߵߣ˺ϻ۸ң
ֱ˰ӣŴǰ˳۽б٩˭۸㻢簡
ͷ˵ԣɫһλЦȥ
ʱһǧɵĸ߷֮ϣʮٴͣ
ɴԶһ廹һߡĿã֮Уʹ˲ȥ
ڣ
׵ҿ˴ȻкĬMٺò
ףǾȻѾķݣٲ֮Ч
ţǰ׻ģΪҶӣͬΪѾҩ
ڵѣԵѵã֪Σ
Լԭԡ
ȥ·֮ʣڡԭ׵λʿѱ嶥洦ɼҩ򶯡ͲסɢȥԲϴ׿ɵõĻԵ
ԣһСǿݣŴȰһҪ԰ΣΪء˵ľٶδԹ꣬˵ķȺѰ岢ףǼ·ǾʹЪϢλи߼
Զջ۹⣬ӦɫãǸ·Ҫ񲻼Щڸ˵ӰܾЩ̤ʵ
ڵĸˣָҶϿ֮ЩһУ޷ΪħĶԹԼʾ䡣˴֮䶨֣˲֮δǼ¡
һɷЦЦʵͷΪΡ
ͷڼ⣬װưһԡ¸ͣڲ쳣
һԲԡתʣͷвף
ͷҡԴûɵؽ͡
һ΢΢Ȼ̧˹ȥʣִżֺ´
ͷ°һ˦˰ӣǹ°įģ
ŵ˸ǰҪ§
ͷȴһȴػؾֻǸޣٸ׽
ֱ۽֣Щؿһֲһûû˵꣬ȭҪǣᣡ
ͷûǰηӭһ͵ر˫ۣżֱ׳˵ͷб´ҡ
һˣԭƤҲй˼ɣѵеһϷԸʹ
һæסɫһ߳Ҽֵ˭˵Ǹޣд
ͷһ˭ϴ󡭡
һ˵ſںԣкηڻͻ֮£ĳҲǻƿСѧУһڣͷֵ֪㻢ͷǸؿ֮ˣȻΪЩС¶ƽϡʵ˵˰ɣǷ֪ڣٲʵʱء
ͷɵֿ죺˾Ȼ֪ϼ䣿̫ˣȺۣ֮Ϊڰо죬תŵʵ˵ϴʮǰϻ۸ңͲǵء
һε˷¡˵ġʵǵˣ˫һ̯תߡ
ͷæʣҲˡ
ȭͷûһغǺһ֣صҽնˣĪ˵ʮ֮ǰܲҼԲðɡ˦˦֣һ׷˹ȥ
˶£һԲǵáʮƣҵģ
ͷĿɿڴ첲ŭ𣡸ҽ
һ;λʿԣͷҲصǰȥ̽·λ㣡
ڡԭ˼Ȼ˴˴ĶһԾͣ
ӰԾɽ壬ڻص
治ǵˡ
ʵǵˡ
Ȼǵˡ
ͷǸˡ
˵ǰаõתһǲ
ͷ
ٸСƻ磬á
߰˵ɽȣԽʮɽ壬ǻƻʱ֡
ǰԼ֮һ졣
ֵΣ̧ͷ
ǵɽѽ⣬ȴֶβʶ֮УҲʡ
ɫ͵ЪϢһޡ
ͷѰ˿ƽ̹ɽ£ŲԶк˵ɽľˣǸ˯ĺõط˵ɴ⣬ֺɽң˳ûĶ

ǡڴʱһ󼱴ٵķͷ˲ö룬æӱ۾ȭջȥ漴ּΪݵһԣ͵Ϯ
顢顪
ȭϡﻩ֡ͨͨ׹ص졣
ͷȥȻһ
ֻʮɽϣһƬѪǽ塣в֫ϱۣȱȫͷ­ǳ׼ʿĲкʣŽȥ
ģ㿪ǽһѪȵˮ
ͷһ޹ʽУʱˡ֪һ䣬ֳ̧ɷ׺˭ɵġ
ʱҹɫ٣谵ɽĪ֮⣬ɶҲ
ͷһʱѰ֣޺һڣĵغϴɽϱΡ
Զ˻̧ͷ
ֵѰ˴֮һδæЪϢһֱԶĶ˼Сġ콵״˽в˫˫Ȼѡ
ʬкԺʿɡţɽϲ̫ƽ
һ˵ҹɽ


1327 ʱ
Ӱѭɽƣҹɫ֮С
ͷǰ·̧űȥɣ̤ϵ·ʯϴʮɣж֮ű뺷ݵƣʮһͷɽͻ
һ˫֣ȥڵһΪ޴󰭣ջǽĪ⡣Ϊ˽λֵҲ⡣
߳׺Сжͷ·ϴУȻ˵֮ˡദãֵ֮ĬǱʹȻϲӣһңԶ꣡
ֵ˰ԶԼвֹߣŨءʶȴãڵεҲһࡣ
ʱ󣬵ԻδͣЪȥֱֶϡ
ͷܲˣֽãɽʯķ϶֮мɡǲżС
ֹȥһʱȥ
ת֮䣬ڻȻʡֵΣҵɱȴ
һ޴ɽ£ǧɵķԲһаӰһһɫηҲһ߰Χ֡⣬ʮ̾ɽ¾ͷĸߴ
ɽ¾ͷϣһ·塣߲ɣȴֱ񷣬ƹǡʣ͸żĪ⣡
ͷ۹ӹܣֽ顱һڵϣܵ˵ģڴ˴ܣǱĲð
Դ뿪֮ʵټͬӰ߲㵤֮УһΪƫƧѰĸ߷֮ϣȻۼһȺˡг˰ٶλһʿ֮⣬ΧƴɱԼɽ¸ߴΪ֡
ͷϲ֣ϴܵʱ򡣲ܵĻڴˡǵ˰صĹ·壬Ϊɰǳ׼ѰԽڣ繦û
顢顪
֮⣬ȺʿѲڣһеسΧȴĹƣ漴ûڷĽ֮Уգۼ˫˫׹ɽ¡
Զ٣ʤ֮䣡ޡ
ͷǲм˿ڣԵһʾ嵽ˣֵһ֣ǾʹԽϴϡ
ûӦ߬е
һǴȺֵӰü΢΢бصһ·вۣҲ˳˳ˮӼ𣬸˷ڵʱˣ
˵ֱ߲㣬û̫ա뻢ͷƣҲçײ֮ѡ
ѵл˳ǾԸʾԸѪɷȻһȷѪսԱ⣡
ͷ쳣һת׿ȥֻϤϴ͵ģǹһĨЦɱϻȻ֮о˲
²⣬ʵϴ󣡿˳ң
һأԶԶȺеļӰ΢΢˵ͷҾ䣡ĳҪǸˣʲô
֮Ĺ·£ʮλʿѾ۵һһλ˽ʱʱ߿ǾͽܳӣԼλǧĳϷԪ뷽ӡ
뻢ͷ˵İһȴǿϸǵ
;ΧɣմżԪ뷽ӣ壬ͬͽ޹˾۵һǱΪ飬вֽ֪ʲô
ʱԽڶŶɽһȺ˵ҰĵѾǧΪУȻ񹲷ߡ׶ѳһ档Сȥõ飡̧һӣĶʮλͬ䲻ԶͶȥһƳ۽΢΢鴤
ǰٶλʿɴ⣬ʱҷֿһȺҴұ߷壬һȺǵͷɽ¶ʧҹɫ֮С
ͷ̲סҪȴ۹ѯ
һûǵͷĬ
ͷæʾ£ǰת֮䣬Խɵɽ¡Ƕʮλԣʮɵһο϶ȫ赲ֻеĺעɫѿһСֵԽ䱸ұ·¡ۣ漴ƹá
֮󣬿ɽ֮˼ȡ
ټɽ֮ϣһȻǶʮλͬȻɫƣǰڳһŵơ
˾ǲ
һҡҡͷⲽǰ֮˲䣬һӰɽ¸ߴ¡ѸɢȥһٶЦŨԷûһλɡ
ڴ˼ʣŭ𣡾ҵϴȥ·粻Ӧ
˳ϴ㾴һߣκһɣһ֣һһ
ͷѵִ·£û֮̽ȴδȥַ˻ֵֻδ䣬ĽѻȻö룬ֵֿˡȻѵģλΪߣ
顪
һ֮УͷʮɲſվΣ˫һֵ΢΢˵ȻϮ֮»вǸϳԿˣһֳȥ
䡪
ͬʱһ֮УϮĽ⡣䲻ʮӦ䣬һĵӰƷȥԷмܲҴһλߣȵͷϴȥ
һѱλ͵ϮߡȥƲͣǰ
ͷıȴɱС޺޼ס˳ҵģ˹ȥ
Ӱɽ£ת˲ֵۡ
ͷŴͣ½Ųޡ۲µ㵹ˡ
ˣˡԭ˾תټ϶෽ÿһǱѰʱգӵǿ
һŻͷȻأ˵ͷʾ¡ֵ̽Ȼǳ˶Էڴ˽ԴֻΪĳˣ
ʮʿɽɢͬһſֻҪֵǰһؽΧ֮С
ڵɣתڱ˹
ȴһվ⡣Ӧδ԰׵һֵ˲δûӴܣĬĬ˼¡ʮλᣬߵĴǰ۽
һ΢Ʋ۹⿴ҡ뻢ͷŲԺֵڿ˶ֵļơתǰӣĳŹһ·ԵŽ̲ģԪӡӣǷֶ˼ֵλǧͬ˴ԩ޳ֺαѰ·ء仰䣬ɫȻ֮߳䣬ķȴͱˣ
Щϡ
ԶԣֻĴɵֻӲδӻغ漴ɫĬĬתȥ˲ִ·£жϣ̶ʧƹ仯֮С
ȴƽһɱǧĵڶͬ˳ܲҵѹʱ
һֳ̧ɱȻ۹ȴһ˿ɻ󡭡


1328 
顪
һӰ˸ըǡ籬һѤҹ
֮˲䣬Ѫɢ
һ׳˶Ӱعԭأֱһе߳һ⣬ĵȻ֮һȻȣ뱨ȹһأ
ҹɫ֮УһƬž·֮ϵƹ⣬ȻĬĬáɽķʮӰȻŨصѪȴɭȻɱ˺Ȼ
Ԫӻδ䣬һŽȴѳȻѡ嵽һλʿǰһ˶Է˲䷵ԭأνӦ䡣
䣡
ͷ͵غһɤӣķ˻졣漴˫ֵֺ˭Ҽϴһ
ɱлͷšֵƣʱס˵һʱ֮䣬Ӧ
һǰⲽ˵ʦֵŴĳΪУĳһִԲ򣬷ƻǰߵλֵܸǰһ٣нǰһֵָԪӣӣϢ֮ĳĽ½һ
ʮλǧʿеķԪ뷽Ϊסλ߱һɵԷȻֻˣȴΪ
ʱƵߣħʮֵΪУȫûȼȻѰһһȫ
ͷȻͷˣµϴ˵ˣϢһһ䡰ֻûڣԵһͻȻһ˦ʮȰӰȻɱʱķһ񣬺ɱ
Ԫ뷽ӻڳɣһɷܣ׶Էƣʵʵڶɱġ˲ҽңæתߣ󺰣
֮ǰΧɭϣת֮һƬҡ
һֱǰȥͷǳɱ
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һٿȻȥ
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һδ׷ϣǾ͵ͣ»ͷֻڻͷĴ£һȺɷĴɱЩԽȥʿתۼ룬µɽ¶Ӵܡ
˳ֽһҪҴɽʿһϴ󣡺β׷ɱ
һصԪ뷽ӣΪڵĸ֡Խƴѣδסҳһ͸Ρ֮ܶһ仰һ֣΢ЦĪ׷
˵ͷ˵벻ǸӾǾĵӡ뻢ͷĵʱ볾һͬǱʵĶ֮޽ʶ֪Է
һ˵϶ͼ뻢ͷܣҲйء
ȻӣҸ˾𣬲ħѾą́ʤ£㲻ֹһǧʿСػӡľӡϤڤǰһУȻ뻢ͷֻܳɱȴ֪նɴ˿ߣǿΪ˵ȱһɣ
һ̷˵˼䣬һӣĴ׷ɱĿһһʧȥӰ
ͷԶ˻˳߰ѣսʤ⻹ϴʴȣȻߺߡȲֵϴ󣡲ʹԽȥ仹̯֣¶ĵʮӣֵսķᣬʯǲһ̳ƣĿϧ
һջ񲻸ȤǾ˲죬Сģתлͫ˸
Զ֮ǵ·аɴϸбֱ񷡣価ͷȻƹãĪ⡣
ͷֽԷȴҲ裬ֻҪǡûȤҲˣŲǹ˵ˣԺ󶼽ūߡ
һ̧һԾͱ֮ϡвѣͷʾ¡
뻢ͷΨб䣬ȥ
谵֮£ɽдݲ
еӰʯĵϡ
ͷŴ֮ϴ𣬲ʮɸߴֱȵ̲סǰ˲졭仰δ䣬һϮɵô˺սէģĪǵ˻Ȫ硭
´ʱ򣬻ͷȪ硣ɱڲѵĹֵֻ꣬Ķӡضʱ
֮ΪȻ˵صĽ뵤ͬΪþֺαشС֣
һפԶͬǰ档
ڵɽֻʮС˳ǵ磬ĿĻɫʯܵɽ岻ɣͬǻɵĴݲųһȥķԪӵˣӰޡ
⣬ʶȥǧһƬããĽ֮СҪԶȻв
һջ۹⣬һö鿴
ħʿͼе֪˲죬ϼһҪԽִһ㣬˱ؾ֮£ȥķȻ޴ӵ֪һ·Ѱǰ;
ͷƬ̣δ쳣ʱвסˣǰɱк绹̽·Ҫ
һ˹ȥ߲ŽͷļǵԶˡ
ʮɽȣתۼɽȣӭǵɽѭȥơֱ󣬾ǳ˼ǻӰ絽һĻͷҲͣ²ɫɡ
һϵͷӭǹŹְ
ɽˣͻȻ˶¡·ףĪ⡣ʮ⣬ͬж¶šΪǣ֮䣬ȻһƮƮҡΣľ
ڴ˵ģĸʿжǰæּ̧һλߣϵһǰ죬֮˵űǵһء
һ΢΢ͷʾ⣬ֳеߴһۣͷߵɽǰʵй֮˵ܷͽһ
ĸʿҰһֵ˲޽ԷͣеЦҵΪӶ֪ǳ£ֵ˵ţרΪ˾˺ľţרΪ¼֮˾ʯţרΪС񾭹šţɻƹߡ
һȶԷ˵꣬ʣȻˣȺιڴˡ
Ų
ͷں˵磬ˤһ˲ãҵͷתѰȥ
һͷǻ׿ߣָ˵ҵȼΪ޵֮ˣƶ֮⣬Ƕӯй˼ɣȻܱһССŵסȥ·οɴ˶ֺαسء΢΢һЦת˶£ȴ㲻մţ˲ƮȻԶȥ
ͷȻһ֣æ󡭡


1329 ۲
˲㣬죬һա
һİԶ޾ͷϿȡϲգ·ǹǺëȻ
һᲱ£а׷бίڵء̬ͣЦ·ֵܣȻͷȴĿ˫ŭţɱ¶ֹѪŽһĴָϸ˽סǷҲѰֻ֣ýƽתֳֳһüĿ޺ģ
һͰĶѨУһ׳ڻ䶯֫ϣ˫ĿֻʣһѪȴ˫챯󣬳ɶѵĽ鱦ںĳ֮¡
һõĲǰһѪϸڿֱЦһֱŸȱȫӤһ׶Ŀڡ
һǧӰǾǷǰϼ˸
ͷߴϴߡԭ¹
ڶա
һ޼ʵĵػסȥ·ľźϡʮɵխСľŷϡ
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ǺͷȳȥŽҵ뵽ĪĿֻ֮С
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ͷɨ˷ȴգȻӰݡֱţȴһŷâ֮
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顪
ͷŵö˹ȥ£űǧ֮һƬȵء
һУûܵΡ
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ԶΪɽ£ĿŨķһ͵ķڡ֮⣬ͻأƽ˼ɱ֮ǰĹȵؼ䣬Ѫѡ
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һȻ⣬̧ۿһԡ
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һԶ飬תһ˦ѽǴоתƲڲݵϡ漴ö°ϥץס˶Է
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ͷһȦִ˻˵֮ڲӰȴŮӣѽһڲ鿴ǵƣת뿪漴һƨڲݵϣ٩˵磬ŮӺôй֮ףܼȶԹأ
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һͷž̳ʾԷһ֮תòѣ
һѵ⡭һŮӣв㡭
һѶѣŮ֮𣿡
ͷžƣʶԵһ֣ٺ٣Ůרעء仰δ䣬һ׳Ӱɽһ˫ȭͷش죬Ҳƨɿ㻹浱Լǻˡ
ˣŮŭˣ
ͷ֮ʣΪʱתӣδȥԶ㱻˵ڵء򲻻֣ǲǻıɫⲫһٳԿΪϣ
顢顢顪
ֵⲫ˫˫һȭ׷ɡһǷļһһеۡۡ
һֻȻֻһĬĬơûˣ̳ӣߵǸǰ£ץסŮӵţ롣
һ֮˴еͣ
ŭԼܵһŲͷǱ׵ţ޵ֱߺߡ
ֱʱһɿǡǰŮȻѣϸ˿ϢȴࡣԸƣһ龧ʯɵϢ
ĬĬߵԣϴ󡭡
һûӦÿ
͵ضϢץǵš
ͷڲԶĵϺţϵδǿģδ˯ίϴǼһ壬ֿɺˣ
һһ֣Ļͷļ£οȻԲס򣬶ǣ
ͷȴ飬һߵۣĲۣҶҪ֪ϴƫġ
һ̧һ̳ƣεļ̳ҰھƣԭοһˡƱҪջؾ̳ӣȴͷһȥֵϴۼҶá
һ۹ڲԶһһԵӰϣֵ֮ʣ˵˵ȤţƩǡŮ
ͷЦٺ٣ĪǼһ
֪䣬⽥


1330 ˵
죬аҹȴǳ
ҹʱ֣ķţǡǱؼһƬããĺڰ٣ٲȻ򣬱ݵˬķҲûͬǣڴЪϢֵȴ״̬졣
ͷӣ˸Ƿ漴§ᳶ˺ࡣ
һӾ˫ۣоһš
һ׳ӰٿȻƮ𣬽أ̧ʾ⡣Ϊ˸ڶ뷨һޡϴգһֱЪϢʱȴ羪ض㿪ǵӰɫ͸żĪΡ
һûȴһǰƮȥ˺Ӱǰǡ
أƽţŻ쳤ȹԵýС⣬ŷŮȹµ˫㾹ǳš˿֬˫գɷޡʱü΢漴촽Ŷ΢΢˿̶ƻعһϴ󡭡
һִ̧һŷΪ滺ؽŵŮӸЦţ޴󰭡
ϥãȻΪЦȴƲƲС죬૵þлϴ󡭡ԭһҰŮӣҲн˵ʱ
ϴƭ˼Сأķ
ˣͷҲˡĻֱۣ׳šһӰƽæʾҷ˵ִأֿȭ㣬ٱȵԷתȥƴʢߵɷ˲ã
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ſܵΣ۹΢΢һƳ΢΢Ƭ̣˵Χѡ
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һɵûͷԵԷҲǲȻ⡣ʮĻͷΪȻϿɢˣֵǰ㡭
ûɢ
ǻȴǿ϶ֵ
ǵĿе֪ʦֱϿûɢȴȴеѣ˲ʱ˲֮ĵĸġʮ֮ڡ
ִʯҪԽ֮ʱϿ˽С
ݴʯΪΪգ⣬֮ǣ
ʶϿ̽б޻֪ооȥ·ҶԼˣɴԽȴָȥһ˳飬ҷͷⲻݡǺ뼸λĵͬ㱻¡
ҲǱϿ֮飬Сʦ⡣
ֻڵȺȴٳٲʦֵĶ֮£λĵѴС˭ʯѰȴΪߣиǱط⧲ҽգһжشȫûŮƾ츳ͨǿɱһѪ·ŽԶݱ֧ǡüϤӰֱ֣һͷ׹ڵء
ʦֱϿİΣΣʵ޴֪
һʱǶ϶˵ǰĴΡᵽҶ֮һֱڵĽȺԽǰŲ죬񲻹նѡ
ʦּĪ⣬ʦȥǺãȿȡ
˵˴֧ţסȶҡҡȴִ鿴һɵϴ󡭡
֮ͬʱ˸ŵϴ󡭡
һԷȴһնŤͷȥתЦЦ˵Ȼһϴұ㲻Թֳ֣ۡϵʯʾȦͬСϿ֮ʦ۲٣
ɫί٣֪ɷ
һ̧һӣѽȦ֮СȦڱ鲼ʯŨٺòתλֵܡ
ɫ͸żĪο
ͷȴŲЦ˵ֵܣ㲻Ѿͷȥɣϴһһӣ¸¡
ҿǼǳԲǴ򣡡
ߣȨɽǡ
һء
Ҳûӣɴһתȥֵܹܣȴ㶯÷һͷǼһƤ񣬸°ᡣǵΪ죬ȥݴ⣡
ͷԾռϷ磬ϻЩ׺ۼֵϴǷɱֵҸΪǰ
ִ̧ϵçײϴԸ
ͷ˵Ǹˣȴء˵Цʱ
һȴû𻰣λֵһת׿ȥ
˿̣֮ǰķͻȻйâ漴ӰԼ⣬ȴİ֮ǰֿԭס֮󣬼ʮϤˣæ鱼˹һ߾⣬һ߸пѡ
죬֮вͬ
ڵλ̰ĵرȴԵʵϧ
ݴ˽ѴԽ
Ų죬ǲ
뻢ͷʿԲͷתȥ
λСȻڵ֮󣬶˷˾İ˲㡣־ɼΣȴЩ֪ôǶСɵĸ֣ѱʿóȻˣѰ³
һȴɫ΢ӭһЦλʶԨָ֪ܷһ
ת֮䣬˵˽ǰ̲סɫɡʲŲڸп䣬ȴǰֽ̣
ԭִ꣬еĵ伮أйֻ֮˵νŶɶ٣ħߣ裬ν޵νħޣν⣬ν˵أν
һԵ׸͵ţ֮ϣΪʶѳȥ
ԭæֵ޶˲²⣬ԡ
ͬԲ²⣬֮޼ű̫̫ء̫ʼ̫̫׵̫л籾ԴȵȡһԼɼûоͷ·֮ϵľ磬ΪҲ辶ſڴƻƣƾоݣѵԼªš
һЩؿǰλߡ
ԭֵȻʣ²ݴ죬ǹĹؼڡнƱԴһڿٵصֶΰ
˵
֪˵˵úú̸һ£ȴʱˣ
һͷԶԭĲɵʵλԺη
ԭЦǰȻҶҰź
ǳûͬǰ죬ȫ
һʣ֪ڵ顭


1331 
ݵ֮ϣֻʣλߵӰ
ԭĬȻԣ˫˫ֲס
йڵ飬û˲֪λһǰ֮ǰº⣬ȴͻȻϽ˿벽вӣؽͷ
´ʱָúȥδӣ
ԭתԶʧǰʶһ˭Ͼʹ˶ա
ָ룬ο֪ɣҵȵˣԵǳλƹ֮ˣзԵɰ
ԭ˵ͷпڣһ㳣ڣĲ磬߲˲Ųɣν࣬첻ͬе伮أϲҰֻϧҡҡͷͻˣ죬˸ǳʥڡ

ԭҰ֮䣬һͨϳɽεضռǧıڶͣɷֱ֮ϣȻһʯߴΡĪ⣡
ɽµİ֮⣬ֵΡ
죬߿սѴΪ⡣ֻҪܿ磬Ҳɶ硣
ͷʯͷ֮ߣŻϴ󡭡кһ˵ιʳɲǰɴȥһư
ŰӻŻͷ´ԷҪǰ°ͣЦŽѵ㲻̽·ϴڴ˹
ͷһǿ㵽һԣԾ˵ֻҪϴ󷢻ΪҲҰתܡܺùѾͷ˾ˡһδһŻЦ˵ֵܣΪɶлأһֱǺͿ
һһŮԣµʱһҲƼµĻͷȻĻԺҲû˵ʱ
ЩڲӢʧڵΡҧҧ֮תһ˵·жڸִȴ֪̫죬ϴ󡭡
һԶջ۹⣬֮⣬֮ǡʹΪǧħֶԸģδЩǣǿ绢ͷ˵ֵ޴ӻرܡ
ԹçײĴΪˣصޣΨ½Ĳ²⣬ΪԵħġǧѷ֡Ϊʵӣӳ֮ꡣʱ˿̣ڱΣķֵ֪ѶϣѰߣʵҪúһ
һ£ֵ뻢ͷȦڴͣ£Ľ䡣˼ǰ󣬻ǶλֵЩĲ¡յأȫ֮ߡ

ͷҲ˽ֵںεأ
һĻû䣬뻢ͷԡ
ò˴ȴҪȦֵǼ⣡
һϣæֹ̧סˣ˵ҰգҷԸÿ
Եнֹ
ϴǶһ٣㻹Ųͷ𣿡
һֵ΢Ц£˵̧ͷԶ쳣漴ֱһӣʾȻɽ𺣣һ⣡԰գѰεض뻢ͷӰֱǰɸ߷ȥ

ʯķɣԼʮɣΪʯݾܸͣʮϸʯǶɽӣΪӻض󲻷
ֵɷ·ʯûóȻ룬ʮΧת˼Ȧ֮ŻѰһڡ
һŸߴʯ֮䣬ʯ沢ֻּǳĸ̻档·ʯǽǶһʮɸߵĻڣȣȴްʹ˲ߡǳ׼Ӧñʯĵš
һڵǰԴ漴ɱڡֵֶӰΣĴ粽롣
ת֮䣬ɫá
һֹסΣѪ뻢ͷһһң䱸
ڲûеĸߴ󣬷С֮䣬̤һƵʯҡɸߣʮɷԲʯ֮УΪʯ̵أ滹а߰ѪԼյĺۼ֮⣬ֻжǽŵľŵյʯš
˵һڴһһŵĿɴ˼ˣѰ١Խ񡣲ͬʱ֣Ǳʹ֮Сοһģһľŵء
ͷȻƬ̣漴вסˡŵϵѪŻɽּѰټģŽŵʯһһ鿴ҡԴ˵ϴ֮Ż򲻿ɴ⡭
ͷ˵ɷ£ͷϴеĹ㣬Ȼ󷨣
ͷߺߵȻҲŴ꣬ȴӭͷϳâæϴ۹ˣ֪ͷ¹
һվûеĻͫâȴǶȻϸϸ鿴һ飬ѻָ̬
ȴޣ㵱ϴǹɡ
ͷǲϴҺʱ˵
ֵһƬ̵İжΪѵá´˼ʣȻ졣ֵһȤ
һҪûûˣȳͷȻרմ֮˴ȴ޹ء
ͷɫһ࣬æͷޱ͡ϴ㻹Ұɣ
ʵϴмƽϡ
кμƽϣȫƾһҡҡͷȴ˵̧ǰֵһŵʯŵĵһֻȥ
صʯһƬҫ۵ɫâʱŶʶ֮УȻ
ǰһʾϴ̽·
һԼ˼һסԾԾԵĻͷԸµİ˵ʯž
ͷӦȥ漴ȭŰãһ죬ת˲֮ѽҵʯһһ򿪣һĻصԭأԵõ
ǰ˵ʯſ֮ͬɫĹâ֮У˴֮䲢޲ͬȴ͸ĪĹ죡
һ΢΢üǰ°һ̧ɵţһȥУͷϣмԶ룬ٻӦ䣡
ӳɣһʧڹâ֮Сͷ󣬽ϡһ̧̤ŶȴͷҴһƳֵȥŵʯرա

һϿȡ
һʮɸ߿ǰ޾ͷľ޴ҽΪʯȻ޷϶ӣĽȴ˷ֺʶ̽飬ͬ硣ȴаɫâԶӿ͸أ
ֵƬֱ̣˴˻˸ŲŲ
һ֮ɡ
ʱȥ쳣ļžϢֱԼĹâǲͷһԭ̤Ļ㱣
֪䣬¼ӿ졣
ͷ󣬴
һһֱһֽбָ£߽â²أԲŲæƳȴ۹Сġ


1332 ħ
¼ͣͷ˵Բ˫۶ԴǰȴǺ޶
Ϣ󣬻ͷ̲סԹϴĪҪŻ˰仰ųڣܡ顱һ죬ǰʧˣȡ֮һƬĺڰӫ֣ʱ˸սʧֵģɶɶɶɶ
ҪôȥҪô죡߳ȣʣϴǺá
ֵԼ״ǰȻ龰죬Ī⣬˲ɵȴ
һͷļ˴Ϊܻ֮أйŹ֣Ҳסֵܣҳȥ
ͷһ׳Ӧֵɱɱнˡ
£̧ųǰ
һ뻢ͷֵ˶ʱ֮С
Ƭ̣ãã޼ʣҲѰʱ·ڡԶĵӫȴ΢΢ٿȻƽ굴ǵХ
ֵ˽ɫһݣתɱԴ
һɫâڣͷ˹ڰɫâ֮Уһƴһ͸ǰһ֮ڷ겻͸
Ϣ֮ʣͷٴʧǹѽ
֮УӫȻʮ⣬㲻ʶҲֻܿĹâΪߣĻĴ졢צԼɸߵŨصݺ˹
ߣл꣬ҲҲɱ
ٺһԾȻһʮɳĵâֱٽһͷӰ˹ȥ
ͷҲӭǰ
һֱһӣ˲䱬ϸСâԿ֮ƼϮȥǧâϯʱѽǰһͷӰûСһ߰⡰顱һ졣޴ĻӰ˲˲䣬ɢؾһȻ
״һ΢΢һˣЩ岢ѶԸȴɱ
ߵһޡ
һӰɢǰ޴ĻӰֱ
ͷڰ;ѱһֱִֻס䡱һȵ˼֮£ǿĻ徹Ȼȶڵĸ֡
֮ͬʱĻ˷ǵǿҡǵζӫ⣬˵սľ
˷ɱ֮߳ǣ𡪡ſһɫĻ棬ʱ˺һڰһͷ׵壬Ȼӫ⣬֮ʧ
̫֮ǾɻԼɷ׻֮Ϊǿ
Ун谭ȴΪ磬ϴǿ֮ʱֳ棬ĹȻӰһɨաǰɱһȥ·
ͷǼϣٲϻӶѹ򡣼·͵ȡɶʡȥ鷳
һͺġͷӰ˵з֣һԲٿȻɳתߣ˳
顪
һһȻסʲżǴǰǿŹ飬շڵʮ˵ꡣ뽫ǼͷУ˭˲䱬ѱ顣Ŵ̶ХɷǾˣ
⻹͵ʴף
һָһƻ棬ʱڡӡʹ»һ೤СɵĻ
ʮʽӡž䡮϶Ϊһɿ֮𡣱һɷ׻Уͬ
ȥ磬˲ײϼӰǻȻǿƮȴڱ˲СɵĻ׺쳣ٿȻһתķڵʮڣٳһءʤĻӰֻڴΧȴԿ벽
ÿһ𣬽ΪҲƣʱ򡣶ɷ׻ĳ֣νǡʱǺһЦŻͷһ·ɱ󣬻Ӱǽ׷ͣ
ǰʱȥֵٴʯ֮СͻȻˮϰֱ˫أ֪Ѱ˹ľڵһǰһдûзͷȥЩӰҲʧ
ͣ½ŲŻ֮´̶ɫѯ
ͷͱʯ졣ͷһۣΪȻعһ֣תӭ˵ЩӰϡƽҲ൱˵ð
λһ·ܹûʲôҲ˵ɣȴ֮ǰǱ
һջɷ׻̧ǰʯȻǺڰͷɫâҲһޡ
顢顪
ͷֽеŵֱµءء
ķȴֲ⣬߳ʵϴڴ˴㻹ҪѰ˭
粻Ϲӣͷһɣֱ׳ֵǰ˷ȴһӰѾͷĪźͿˣ˵Ҳǣظһͦںǰȥʾħֻ֣ܴɱˡҿ·
ȴԶԡֻÿһΡ
ͷֻҪǰŮӣ϶ʱռϷ硣ⷨԲˬûǰ⡣жԷ·ΪɣһҲЩŽŲ߳վס
ϴŭˣ
ͷæͣתЦϴ󡭡
һվԭأͷһۣԹ˳˵°㣬żȻоŵʯţ񲻹һԼӳԡֽܽΣ֮
⣬תǰ̽··ͷԣ˻е䲻Сͷʰ㣡
ͷǿףĿ˵ļơ
һߵͷĸǰֵٸҲкҺһΡ
ͷæҡԴЦٺ٣ϴҰɣĪҪǼһ﷭֣Ȼ£ҪʤȴҲءһת׷ȥȺֵܣлΪܣҴ󵨵ǰߡ
һλֵܵѭǰ
ֹһʱȥ·ٴб䡣
˱ͣ£ɫɻ
ʯ絶һ۶ϣǰһƬصĺڰʶȥ޾ͷŨصɷбʹֵ˸졣
뻢ͷǻڵϢҲűóٻӭɭȻɷȴֱŰǳʹֻ֮йһ
ֵת˫˫һ
ֻһü͹һɫӡǣһֻͫۡüкƣаƻɣټϷüң΢̵ǣٲȻһаη
ͷ붼룬ţϴаˡ
ƨ
Żͷһڣת꣬˵ϴһ壬˼ħʢħ޵֮ʡ
ͷ֪ʧԣɴһԴٿ
ת֮䣬һɫ糣̧üģ£˵ԣȴ侶Խλֵܵԣһ̤֮С֮ɲǣħ
ͻȻϴҿ
һѪһ


1333 ħ֮
һƬ޵İУȻɽƶǹη·Զǧ֮⣬ǽߣʾǿһʱԣ
뻢ͷв
ֳ״ʲô
һ۹һһ仰תڰ
뻢ͷɣ̧ŷʯ׷˹ȥ
ӰмУڻ֮Сܲ߼ʣããڰȫ޷򡣶һ̳һǰҲ
ˣƬ̣һǱȥһ١ֵҷֿ˫˫ĿȻ
ʮ⣬ٴƾðһذɵɽ塣һ޴Ӱƣ֫СɽĴ׳˫ֺһʮɵĿɽ޸ǡõסֵ˵ȥ·Ϊͷ­͹˫塢ĿѪڣªòŰɷȻһؼĹŽ֣㻺ƶ̶ͷ״žǻӶԲ˹
һںסӶȴİľȻֳ֮壬ֻҲвǹ̫ӴɭȻĪ⣡
ͷȻʧģǹħһȶڵĸְ
һ˫üȻ
Ž̤ⷽգԡȻѣδܽҡȻѲ²бؽȴû뵽ǿĶֲǽںġ
֮ǰĻ弫ΪѲ˼ȣᲢۡ绢ͷ˵Ǿ˿ȶڵĸ֣ħ񡭡
һϾ룬ǿʶʱ͸ڰԶɵɴްͷȥϺ󣡡
ʱм޴ĺӰԶ˷˴ֱ֮⣬һ϶ɹСƬֻ̣Ҫסȥ·
£ûӆ£һҧתȥ˼ħħ޶硣뻢ͷʩչΪֻܸϴҡ
ͷ֪ȥ֮ʲ󺰣ϴһأǲУֵһ㡭
ֵ˲Զ޴ĺӰѱƵ֮⡣һתֵܵķ򣬾׷˹ȥ
һԭױ˫ۡ޶Եģ˶֮С
֮ǰյΪܲһħݺڡ
һ̤˼֮ʣڵħ޷Ѽݡʱ˼ʣڵħȻһ塣˺ڰף̧־ǣأ
Ƭ̣ĵ޴ĺӰѱƵǧ֮⣬ԾеԲ֮ħɱˡĵɽǰʹΧеһСֹµ
ڴʱһŭĿԲѪ˲͸ڰɨķ֮˫ۻ裬һâɶħӡħӡħӡȸӡӡٿȻɣһǧһٶʮ˵־ϡ˳̧һָӡһħδ֣ʱûһƬŨصĺ֮С
ת֮䣬һʮɵĸߴӰƶǧһյĻ۶ʱȡ֮ǽ˶ۼסҷգüбӿѪ⣬ټüһĺɫӡǣаȻķ
ĵħӰҪ¾޸ȴͣ
һΧ֮УȻߴͣλħϣȴѷһԷֹ쳣ҽңûһ˫ּɡǧʮ־̼к
ħӡ֮ӡɲǼ䣬ǰǧٿȻӣӡһȻɣ
һ˲ں֮УִȻɡƻӱһץȻħ֡
һʮɵľ޸ɽ£Ѫ˸ɭȻɱƱƵķΪ֮һ
һ˫ֳ߰ɵĸȻ߸߾ɱʱգڰһ󡰿졣֮ʱǧĵħӰȴͻȻ˺󣬸ĿϾȻ¶ηɫ漴һһɢںڰ֮С
˳ת
һԸ޸аѪķ޾ͷĺڰĪ⣬֮ľŵʯһĿȻŭһ

һʯǰӰеռݵ˫ַ׷ɣ׳ֻ·ȥԵ衣
ǿб˫Ȼֿ
뻢ͷҪȫԸ׶ֹѡЦأʩͣ
ֵ಻ԡ
ǰϴķԸ϶ӣããڰѰһڡֵܶδٽʯȴһλ߲͵Ϯ
ʱͷ;
·һ£Ȼ١ǱΣȻȻֻһλȴħ޶ڵĸˣ
תȥѰȥ·
ǧ֮⣬һ޴ħӰƽνǰǿе·ħ׷ӣȴȻ·ȥ
⻹ǻУ
οϴһΧѱ
ֵָܶúȥδӣ
һŻͷǰȥڵĸʵԶԸȻƴӽ֮ҶԷΪħޣƾ֮ǿʯ;ʮİ֮УȻɼ
ͷ£ٶѣеҲ쳣ĳءΪߣڷƶϢ裬Ҫкܹɼľʹȴ޿κΡ޺ޣֲѾͷҲûӰ
أԲе仯֮ǿǰȥɣٴαͣ¡ħ֮УԭʹΪޡ߾ȫѵжֵǿ
ʮ֮⣬ѻһĺâҪħƽ֮ǰûȥͷ޵ҪʩչɱУȴͻȻɫ΢䡣
֮˲䣬ԶͻȻѵĶűһըĶϺȣ
ѭȥֻԶֳһɸߵӰͬǸ޸ٲȻǴ˼ħ֮飡üĿȴʿģаƣŽſڶϺȣǰħӰȻӦ벻⣬ǵ֮ƺݺ
ȻһϾˣתݡǵߴħӰٿȻһս¡Ų·һͷǰʯ֮С
䡪
һѪŭɣڰлȻֳƬƬ⡣˺ѵļ󣬶һذɵʯȴ֮Ӧը顣
ħӰȥԻȴѰߵ䡣˺󼸲ֱۣ̽ѽԭСӰץУ漴һգ֮Ȼ޴档תǰɣ˲ȥǧ̶޸ʧα仯Żһʯ֮ǰ
һָԭף˳ֶץֵ漴̧̤ʯ
ϤľϴħʵɷͷҲ㡭˼ҹƨȴһ㣬


1334 ͷɵ
֮УһʯƯš
ڴվֵܡ
һóۻϣȡЦĻͷʱ졣˲λֵܣפ㶴գ̧ȥӡǵüģ̶ɫ˼
ԴӺĴĮлħʯеħӡ֮ǧ꣬ǽеߵӡгɡȴû뵽ӡһȻ˵ľˣֻħ壬ɱ÷԰֮Ѫ޸ݺ۳ҶңҪ֪ǰߣİµĴ֮һھǰйƾħӡһӣ
оӡһʱ֮¾޶֣
Ȼ⻹ڴ˼ڵħĳΪȻʩչӡһİԵơԼħҲħ֮¹֮󣬳һ򣬲ջ񡭡
ͷһĬıӰڳһԵЦȴǲҴšʱһ֮Ȼ졣ѻָ磬ʱвסˡ
ϴϴ˵ֲΪǿȴûӰħ񣬻ŵһ˲˲ɣ
ȻҲ൱˲ãֻһʱûʩչĻˣ
ͷ˺󼸲Ҵ꣬һ˵磬أʵĶǣϴǷջоգ֮мգֵһΪĬϡ
ڶűԶһɫĪ
һԹзѹ֮󣬺һжˡϾʡǼս֣֮࣬Ƿӻƻãʴӣ
Ǹǻˣ˭
ʱյĻͷ³çǿҲǣźɲ£ֵ֮ĳεաʱԼ˵η죡
¾ӣ
յǶɽ˱ϣӶϧеĲףȥκһλŮӣԶǸΪԼŮ˴˲޽òȥδȻڷУȴػһĨɫפͷĪ˵ԵǳֻһǹǴԼˣرˡ
ǰλϴ뵱߳ǼưܵĵۣĪ˵̤ϼ쳣ɵȴ̣ΪΪôһ·ˣѭ;һһ̤۷壬ּʵǣѰȥֹ
⣬ԾѪ빲һɵۣཫյĺ𡭡
һˡһƳҪվס
ͷѿû˰ش֮⡣ںذ˰֣ʾɴתж߰ݻ翴һ̧ۡһ˲ʧһ֮С
Ǽһ޷죬ԼΪҪŭģ
һȻ⵽ĶǻͷʡģϾ𣬾̧Խֱǰת䴦ͣ٣

һƿһʯţɵ˫˫һ
֮һҵԲʯң߲ɣȴǻ˵յʯţҸһģһ˲ĲˣӰ໥׷
ǰͷתȦܵģȻ֮ǰǸߡûܶħ޸ĺȻһȻƲᣬȻҶǱɽ֣ηö޴ʩչֻһƴ
׷ģȻˣҲһŰӡ顱ңһݴȣӽմľǶڣıܡ
ȻмܣȴܿǡæҲǰʯǰֶӰܾŵģæתһߡ
ͷһϵ˴ʮһ٣Цôʰ϶˺ôҴת׷˹ȥ
߿ȴͻȻ񣬾ȥƼӿ죬ȻײһʯŶʧȥӰ
ͷ׷գȥȣ϶ߡڽӣ԰Ǹ͡ǡԩ·խҶԷز֧ǧѷı
һ˼䣬ŽǰһУȴ˸ɫ԰вתǰȵ˲Žȴ΢΢㵣
ֻͷ׷ʯǰͻȻͣתͷµͷɵޡ
һ˽ǰ·
ͷһѹرյʯһڣ϶һֱڴϷˣʯű塭ˣȴ̲סŭ޺޵ڣݡ
ͷɵ䵱ɵӵˣնҪԿʱȴռˣ֪ϴȻѰλֳǰѩޣҲóһ磡
߶νҶͻȻתʯţ漴ϵŽ꣬תգʵϹҲס
Ȼ˻ͷԣץȥ
ͷҪ٩ȡЦæûƻأݵöֶţ
ȴĴ±ſͷЦŰοɱ϶ֺα𣡡
⻰ãͷʱŶԷ˳۶ˡ
һŵ˽ǰȴǶǵʯš꣬üһʾͷ·
ͷϴ֪϶ĲΪλҪ˾ҡԴɻʲźסͷǺ⡭
ûӦǱŰӺЦϴÿ쳣֮ٶ˶ºһ
һǲʵ˴оţָǰһ
֪ͷɴ˵
һʯţʵߴթҶڴ˽Դ
ңֵһȺͷ׷ϣֻϾˡͷǿ϶
һʣǼλĵ֮⣬ֵֺ¹˭ˣ
Ȼͷ񣬲Ծͦš
һ˵Ȼˣ׷߶ȥʱ֪ǵҪϡΪģ㲻仰û˵ȴԶʯҵܣоŵʯšʱǵʯ֮⣬µĽβħǴĶԸĳˣ̤һʯŶı䲻յ³ҪɴԽȥΨһ·ǰᴳ
һһŷ˵ʲΨ˵ƹ¶°㣬ò
ʱͷ׹ɢȴںرԹϴǆ£зԸͷҲӡ
һϰѸģã죬ʮһˣ
һתͷ߳ㆪ£ֻǲš»أֻܸҺᣬߡ
ͷæ㿪һĺЦûƿʯų˽ȥȵ֪ɽ𺣣ҿ
һɣ롣˭ת˲֮һϴ󡭡


1335 ֶ
һɽ
һʬɽ
ǧʬһɵɽ
ռذʬɽ֮ϣһ̨йģĸߴӰæµţһͷͷҰޡնȥͷ­ʬֹΪߣлбסֽŵͽͬնѪ̨
ÿͷ­֮ʣ̨֮ϱһѪֱ𡣵ѪлѪս٣ֻǧʱ
ͷʯţԶǷ˼ĳʧæֹסΡŨصѪǽס˸䡣
һҲ˫˫Ŀ
˭ѪҪΪ֮𺳡飬ݽ档飬رɫ
£Ϲżĳ¾飬ֻΪϵ
ͷҡԴǲ޵ӣ˵˹иƨáҲԲ˾޶Ѫ⣬޷Ϲ˵뵱ȻˣΪ˽δ֪
˼ءš˵еԹ֮ݱ飬ǵϣ뵱Ȼ˽һǿӵ°
ͷ£磬ܸĪӡ
صֵܣҲ
ͷЦϴ벻ѡ
һתʱʯȻʧǰü΢΢
Զʬɽ̨ʹ˴ĿĶ侳ϵѪΪĹĪ⡣ããգ֮ǰǸߡҪԽȥΨмѰǰУĲ򵥣
岢δ֣ѵԼ̫Сġ

ǡڴʱһ쫷ͻʬɽ̨ԼϵѪƣʱ֮һƬããҵ겻ѣ
뻢ͷ˲˵ɫȻ
һͷһݣ룬ȵ˵ز˾ߡ֮ʣǰȥ֣뻢ͷ档
Ӱնһ·ǰ
ʱ֮
һͷȥɢڰȻͣΡֵɢɫ΢䡣
˴ͳķн֣ȴѲǳ
˲䣬ԶðһӰΪ׵λߣǾǰĴڵĸˡ塢ʮλħǵʿΪڡڵĸ֡Χ֮УһƬСİաֵܵӰԹµ
ͷȻôơ
ҧҧ߬еħ֮⣬ħǸּȫڴˡ
ͷԲţģ˴󵱡
۹һƳɵϴ£ĪרΪֵܶ
һûд𻰣˫üбˮ
ת֮䣬ڶӰѱƵʮ֮⡣еλһſǸħ˵ǴһҾǰһսʤ˵أϷЯħͬѹʱˡ
һ⶯˼£ǰ˵ȻϣħĲλĪΪƾ˶ڣѴ󹦸ɡ
ͷ͵͵ɻ󡣶ԷȴǺݺݵһۣ͸ź
ԳߣɫЩơ֮ǰװģȴ١ҡҡͷ˵ħ˳ѾõĸˣһСӴȡϷ֪ɷܣòԴ˴ңͨʩչǿƴΪ޽֮ķ˽ƣɷЦǺǣյʤΣһ֪һֶΡ
ⲻԶҪڿƴսһ
Ǻǣ
һûд𻰣Ц˵ԷЦգЦóЦδ䣬Ȼλֵܡ
뻢ͷѻ⣬Բ㲻
һץˣԶȥ֮죬ڰг¡¡֮գ֮䣬ֵٿȻ£ƶȥ
һ̫ͻȻܵ塢ʮӰǴֲ
Ϊ׵λڵߣҲĸ⡣ǸһھǰĿ֮£޼ɵ׺öɼһߡʱԵβսӣ
ŭȣ׷
һԸʮӰ۶ȥ
λȴһȳǰ
һץ׳ĺӣһ̤գһ̱ѵǧ֮⡣˵谭ݷǶڡȻʮӰ˦
ͷ䱻ץź󼹱ɼ֫ȴ硣ǰ̾ϴȻ˵ϵֵԴŽԵɻϴ֪ǵȴҪͶҲͰˣֵ֮ټʮɷƴһء´ʱҪ
ϴһǽ߶Ի֮ʣ㰵ʾλֵ׼·Ϊˣͷǲ⣬ȴ룺Σ硣Ļ˴ԺٲֵܡȻԹ̲סĺ档
أԽ߬۵ǰߵߣɷܾЩħʿĶֵ֣ͬ򲻹ĸͷΧȥңֻµʱ˲ء
ͷ룬ϧ˵ҲǣκνޣϴҲûħƾ裬ȻʮɸߵĴһ޸һӣġ
æֵ˽Ǹϴĺô˿š
һȴû룬ȫԸǰС
ʱ֮塢ʮλħʿѱ˦֮⡣λߣڰԶ׷ᡣǰȻãã޾ͷʯҲδѰһ
һȥֵ˼н
ǰܲ谭ءѴ˽Ʊݣвؽۡ
һɣת
λ߼䣬ȫȻһĲݵļơ
Ƭ̣塢ʮӰתһһڰжȦӡǰ׷ΣȺϷ
ֹȥʱǰİͻȻֳһʯ
һУȥȻӿ졣
˴ǰת۵飬λȻû׷塢ʮ֮⡣ֻٽһɷɽֶʩɫ
ת֮䣬ֵ˾ʯǧ֮Զ
ͷܵǱΪԽ;ϴϿ졭
һᣬȴɫ΢ٽǽ֮ʱƳɲֻͣ٣ȻֱԽŶǰ
λ׷ϴæδ⡣׷ġʮ⣬ԵâԴ
һƶĶȻٴתµضȦӡ
յĹλ׷ʮ֮⡣âХȥ˳ư½ء
һֻϾ漴ڡ䡪һȥֵ˲δѪɣڰʧȥӰ
λߵ˽ǰֹסȥƣ֮󣬶ȻԴһ˦޺޷·
֮ͬʱӰҴҴڳʯţдЦ𣺡ϴֶΣǽ̾Ϊֹס


1336 
ǰһħǵʿڰжȦӡѰʯ֮ʱδ·ӣǷԸ뻢ͷԼ档λ׷©ֵ˵ıǳûȥǰڶֵľ
һʱΣд档
һʯȴʱĶʯŲδʧϾ룬æ뻢ͷת˫ּ߲ϵȻ׷ԽԷ£һһ̡
Żͷһɣһɵû׿ȥ
֮һʯҡʮɴСһƬطֻһɶߵŶкĵģɢĪ
ֵڶǰפɫɻ
ͷǿ϶˴ΪĳڣҲҴġ
һϲͣǧٵٿȻɳ꣬вɣתֱǵŶȥߴٵߡ
ͷȼڣ棬һϺֵ˽̤붴ţ˲䣬ָɫȻ
ǰһʯңռСȴڣҡŶԶϷֱе̵ĺۼӦա¡˵ͼ
ֵһǰһ鿴
ڣ졢ء֮Ԣ⡣ֵ߳򣬸š
ͷ¼ӿ죬ʾ統ߵţХɽ֡
ֱֵһǰȴһֱŶȥ۹һæ¸Ե֮׷˹ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬳ֱ䡣
һʯʯɷԲʮɸߡһй裬һ˲Ȼס
ֵ۹˵ϣͬɫһ
ͷʧףϵ
ҲΪ⣬ĵļ졭
縺룬òѰǸʿԭ̬Ҿֹ΢ģȴɱȻΪߣɢŶڴɵƣڱиһĽâ
뻢ͷתֿ
һûпǰһ
վס
һŽԽλֵܣʮ⴫һ߳ȡһ٣̶ɫһ
ʯܣ洦ɼײյĺۼڼĽȻһСĺɫâӯӯɴǰȥͷһڵĶڡ
ߣԭǱصĸˣ벻ͷɫƣʱŭҶҼϴĻˡ
ǽһָ߳ʵԵεסֵܵȥ·
첻Ӧ𣬶ЦķŹֵһأĪҪ֪
һֵ̧һڣżֺʵ죬Ǳص֮ҪģͼأԶŽŹâδԷĶŷϡ
첻ͷغƵٲؽ֮ӡ
һҡҡͷ˵ǽżֻĳҲ²
΢㵣£ʵ֪Щʲô
ǱѾãȡˡħҪԸ֮ʱǡУ㰵̨ʤᣬй¶٣ʹǶʧ֮ܶУнƷֿˡһһֵƭˣҪġ
ſڴϵ޶ܲ⣬һɺԣΪҪġ
һһƲ˵֮ȻٲġܴӱϿѰľת֮ؾ϶ضο
ɫãɻ֪ǧģ
һЦǺǣֻǴ˼ˡǲǧģһѰԹȵĵ¶ء
ûӦк
һЦЦתңĵˣֵ֮޹أѰȥ·δ䣬ɱһʢͻȻǰ˫ָ㣬ҫһɷ׻ȥ
֮ͬʱ뻢ͷ˫˫ɶһ˻Ӷ棻һŭ㡭
쾪֮ʣѰɱһʹһм˭϶Է˻Ȼѣһв֮䣬ǿٿȻҪʩӦԣΪʱæ۵һŹâ
䡪
ɵʯʱһըĺ֮С
ͷԵ˳ȥ顱һʯϡ
һ˫˫ʮɣ漴ǿֹסΡ
쵹ǰȻĻ澹Ȼ͸ķƵǰŲŲʹâ赲֮˲䣬Ӱٴ˶Ǽĵ⽣ӰͷѪƾˣ
ʯڲɵĴСͨʩչ
컹緽ǰǿƴΪһϸСĻ漫ѶԸȴԼŭ֮£Է壬漴㲻ܲ˵ؼһŰɫĺâ˫
䡪
һɫ⻮ʯ񷶥һǣȻ䡣ŰɫĹâѷġɴСһǽѹ˴ײһٴȥһⱬƬӰ˲Ϣ
䡪
һٴκˡ֮δƣӦźɫĹâ漴ҡΣ̶СȴƣյһƬƳûХȥ

ͷȻһȴЮ֮Ȼ¡֮УŰɫĹâȻѿ˼϶ҡҡ׹ѵУɶء
ڴ˼ʣһضһǡõס뻢ͷƣֽǰһףԼǽϣʧʱһâ
âѣ⡣
ʲŽ𽣡֮ȻȶСɸֵĺȻһһֵȥءܶսĪҪƴɡ
Ͼ룬һ˦ѵĹâٿȻһ䣬ʱǰûʯĽ䣬漴߾ȫץȥ
ʯϵźɫâȻȴ֮ǰǰΪһһһ糱Ȼ˲ֵ
찵תʯͷĶڳȥ
·뻢ͷĹգЩǸǶڴɵĸˣѵˡ
һȴǶͣȵʱߣˡ̧ǰһָĵâȻȥת֮䣬λӰ̶λζһ漴ʮλɷȻǵ֮ǰ
ͻȻ֦첻ɵһ
֮ǰֲδռˣȴѿеΡȻһֵ֮ܽôΪֻͷ˱ؽڽӡת֮䣬ͻ䡣ԷȻҪסԼ
ʱֱ·ʮλɷܣ˫ץХȥ
Σ뻢ͷϴ⡣˸÷ԸԻӵŪǰ
䡪
ĺ֮Уʮλɷܺݺڴʯ֮ϣ˺ۣȴ漴˲Ӷеķɽη
·ãݡķӰζȻֶʮλɷܡԵ飬ȻΧʮλڵĸ֣ټֵˡ
һ㻹ɱ˱˲ɡ
ߣ㲡Ҫ
֡ϵܣҡɱ



1337 ֮
ʯ֮УʮĵȰӰת߲
챻ʮɴСһ֮أܷ겻͸ɱڣ
Χ֮ĽźɫĹâȻȥֳһСԲιǼסڴʱǼ֮ͻȻŭ޽ӵĻɱ
뻢ͷȻһɵûͷ
һȴǻȻˣȵ²˳٣ɱüӡת֮Сеǰиֵᣬӵ
ȴɫ΢䣬ͷ
ǸһǣĵԹȱĿáʶ˴żϾ¡ֻС첻ɣ˭϶Էɴ˲³ԼȻȻѳǿϮԵ飬ȻΧڱƣΪʩչĪ˵Ϊȥѡ
ת֮䣬糱
첻룬æʩжǰһ
ǵСɻȻ͸Ļ巨ת˲Ѵǰ֮⡣âĹƱ缲ķ
úѵ֣񻢻ȺǡʱԵȴǿ񻢣ȥο֪
ֻңٲҽңæǿһгʯͷĶڡ֮ͬʱȥһΣʱʮõӰһɱ߾ȫ֮µһƴ
ʮλɷܣֻ϶ֶαԻӶƴ赲
뻢ͷͬˣ֮޵ķʸֻûӵҿҡӭķӰƮΪǿһʱ֮塣
ıô˼϶Ȼ͸µȺδʮĶڣǰͻȻըǧâһɭȻ˲ɣ֮лӰָСɵĻٿȻ
뻢ͷڶսߣæ¶֣˫˫תɱȥ
챻ȥһ٣ּǡڴ˼ʣһƬѪȻдҷȣ˿ֱԶѪȶȴ־
Ŷ
л㱣Ȼѡһɲǣ̴͸巨ľۣʹסһ˲䣬һƬɫĵӰһźɽֻǰһ
顪
һ֮УȻķѡкδ׹أѾΪҽԪ£µʮټ뻢ͷٴηͬɷһһɱ
Ƭ֮󣬷ҵʯ
ʮλɷܣ˴˶Ȼ
뻢ͷɱ̴棬ȴɫοǰںеҲɱһλڵĸˣȴΪסϴ֣仹ĶǣȴҪ࡭
һ콣ͬ˿Ⱥ˺۵ȻӰҡҡͷ
ɷܺην˴æ䲢й˵ıܣԼȥһκϾ˼
֡ϵܣ㡭ɱ
ʯĹǼУٴδϤĻ
ں֮Уڴɵĸˣ޵еĴڣȻϦʵţֵ˵Ѳͷһأ
˶࡭Ҷѣ
һӦһ䣬漴Ӷ䡣ʮλɷأԲȴԭ˲ʧȥӰ̧ʯĽ䣬˳ȡһöֳָǿĹǼ״һۣʵϿѣΡ
ǿǼС߶ӦǼ׵ķȻɢȥâȴǻȻ϶ǶзʯΪһ壬Ǽ᲻ɴݵģдĻΪϤ
Ǽڷû˶
һ׿뻢ͷҲǲ״΢΢üֵϴˣǡһ仰λֵһ˦°ͣתߡ
𣺡ϵܡ
һͷҲأЩͷ˵ѵƲᣬ⡣ұأħǵڶ漴

һ΢촫ű֪֪̾治֪šĿɱӿˡ
ͷһֱϴһľٶͷԡٴֵת
ֻϵĹǼȻʧȡ֮λԵߡֽȾѪǰѳһ󶴣ţΪȻǵ;ƿݵĵز
Ȼ߻ǱϿ
ͷŭҼϴƴ㣬϶û
ͷ
һǡͣʱϻͷû˵ǾӣʮıϿʾһ˿ʶϵȦ붨֮ˡ
ϿȻţûСһʯɢȥƣеεһĿȻǡš΢΢޸пԹϵѽ㡭Ȼβ˵
ϿĹǼף׸ûΣֲòһġԵǣ漴ԷȻСʦãȻûг֮ΣĶ⣡
һ÷ƳƳǣϿʵԵΣ޴󰭣˽ǰһ͵ķ
Ͽƾ裬ȴ֧ţֻбڱʯϡؿڵǣ̲סҧƺϾܵĺ顣滺ֺ޺̾һ˵֮ʣʷŵʯѡұӼԶͷ¡˼䣬֮ھɢ˭ΪͻȻ͵Ϯ޴ӷҽǿӹһȴѾٶмܡҲ¶˱Ŀϵ֮ǰϡ
һĬĬ˵ͷ
֮ǰһУڹǼеıϿȻ֪ǱѾãޱȻ֮䱩ѣ⻹ǰѷ
ֻΪʦĹǱ꣬һáϵԾת֮һ£ȻϤǱ˽մ˽١͵Ϯó֮Ҫ򡭡ܴӦ漴֮С
Ͽĺ΢΢ţ϶ؽ˵ȡɣǿ˼ʦºеķƴΪȫά֡ʼԵ֣ȴ֧šϵܸɱ˴ߺ޲ѣ̾ʮֻ֣ʣ޼ɶ񡭡
һͷŽż⣬ɫЩĪ
ľĵԹȣĽύŽµġתޡ˾ȴΪϿ˴ˣ벻
Ǹص֮ҪɴƭˣԼҲ˿֮ûͣ
顢顢顭
ǡڴʱʱʯŴײĺ
ŵöһɫһݡ
뻢ͷѭȥ߬еĵ
ֵ첢Ⱥֱ֮ʱȻȥյĹ򡣲ö룬ħǵڶ׷ˡ
ϿЩңʱĸҡҡ
һ̧Ȧʯŵùңߣ
ϿӦֻͷ
һֱһӣٽϿȦתʯͷĶڣ뻢ͷ󡭡


1338 ս
ֵ˴ʯţǰǳһ䡣
֮һյİաʶɢȥң㱻εĽ谭ȴа˵ʯŻУȻͨž
ɽƱݻϣֱɶˣһк¡Ǳһ֮ţĿѣ
ͷ̧۴æʾϴǱĳڡֽ꣬סµģûꡭ
Դһ̤һֱءĪ˵ͷЩ޿̣һҲĸΡΪһرɰʵһεظˡ
ʱ˿̣Ϊ
ֻǰܾȻ裬ƶϡ౻ʮλʿأһͷɫơв֮ˣгӡԪ뷽ӣмλСɵĸ֡
ͷѿΣתȦӡͻȻڴˣֵѱɱ֡һȺǻţʵ˲ڡ
̧ͷɫϴ󣡴˴һ£ӦΪԽŻɡЩǧʿնأϲ⡣ҵָúȥδӣ
һûд𻰣˫üܡ
ȥδӣ˵˴ӦñԽĹؿڡӵĲȻռݵȺʱɴϣͬɽ𺣡е飬ħǵڶʱǴžȥ˵֮С
ͷϴƴģ²˳١仰δ䣬ʯѴڳӰæҪܵУһԸڶ𣺡ء
һ̤նǽ֡ͷҵ
ȥɣƯվӰ漴磬ɱ֯¡ǿĹƣɵ
ֵ޴ܣֻǿϡ
һֱһӣⱬǧâϮȥٿȻ󣬻ȻһɵĽɫǡ˳ƺݺ÷ĵӰ˲뽣֮Сͷ׳еɷһźƺХֱϡ
䡪
â˸ķ硣һ춯ذĺ֮УӰ׹䡣֮Хղ£ƵòŽļλҲ
ǿġʮλֵĺһ֪
һֱ䣬ʮͷǿֹסƲվΣ伱סĻͷȴ̲סƺһƵɫѪ
ͷ۵һѪҡζĨǵѪֱð׹⡣
пɣסΣȴҲؿɫ԰ס
֮ͬʱһӰ衣ڰ֮Уǡõסϵȥ·赲֮£ϵһ߹ʱԶʯ֮Уӿʮλħǵĸ֣ɢڳơ
ת֮䣬ֵ·ŵľҪͷȥΪʱ
һɱҵλʦͬţ˳𲻱ݣ˴ԽΨһ;Ȼ
ǧ֮ϵİУһλʿλߵĴӵδ䣬·ʯǰ˴źЦǺǣһ㻹ˣȻ䵽˺ĵز
ȡЦߣϵ˴ȴһסȥ·ֻʱʾ˱Ϲۡ
˾Ӹ¿ֵ˳ӣǧľ¡λħǵͬ飬ڽӡ
ַ룬ڳǰļƣ׻صһңֺαؼ⡣Ա㣬Ǻǡ˵úҪŶԷж֡
ӼħǸڶ࣬ɫɡ
˫ǫ֮ʣΧڵֵǰпࡣ֮׸Īǣ
ͷƿڴһƣֻúߺǿʱƾӲɣҿϴζᣬƴĲ٣
Żͷçײ۹ͬһľȻ
һ˿ǷһĨɬЦ⡣
ȻѲ²ưոݣȴû뵽˫˹ؼһطԴʲǿдأѲڡͷᴴ֮⣬ԼҲѪƽأֵ˶Ҫڴ˴
һ۹ӹԶʯţһƲ꣬˼¡
ͷѿڵɡ
Ҳɫ΢䣬ϴ󣡺ֵܵ빲
һ뻢ͷ͸ŲɡִֵȴҳüһЦϴıûУֶεǲס
գͷѸŵ٩Цʱȴһ˫ۣȻ
һԵأĬĬͷȥ۸ս˭Ϊλϴˡ
һϾλֵܣתףüӡ΢΢аɷȻ˵ǧĵĵˣ˴ԩ޳κμƣĳȰһ䣺е·ߣ仰мӳַķ
Ͷһ
һתˣȻֵħǵλҲţҶȥȺ֮Ϊ֮
˲Ϊֻܶܵ·
ȴʲôæȵó͵Ϯ󡭡
һͻȻһ˦ӰֵΣͷò뻢ͷȦȻ˵ƹ£ʵӲƴҪǿͻΧ໥֮Լˡλֵ֪ĬȻδӣһ˶ʱû˹˼ɡ
Ͻ䱸֮ʣһδλֵ伣ͻȻתԶһʯšǧ֮⣬λڵħʿءδƵǰ˫ֳֽݺһɫĿ쭡
ԴҪԸȴͷˡѾĻȺգôͽ޹Ը⣬̧һӡҵλ߼£֮ܰȥ
ħǵڶʿԹֻۣŵʱٳûֲ١ȴǸһȻתˣƵóѣ
Ц۹ʾ⡣ܵʮȻһĹâǡ
˲䣬һɫĿ쭻ưպȻ䡣
λʿ׵壬ҴҼɽӦԡ
˴˶ײɲǣһ
λʿѪɳȥһʱ˲ÿĶڡ
һǰʮת֮䵲סȥ·ʮڶΧ֮˲ϢɡǡڴʱӰͻȻʧ
˶㶯֣أԭءʱƣʱѵʩɱһ޿ɳ֮
׷һ٣еķȴȥƲͣȻһڵİ֮ڻ֮ءĹ֮Уȴ
顪
ǡڴʱԶһ졣ֻѪŽһλħʿȫעǰȴ䲻һ⡣ҽһ˲ѻ⡣
״˽Ծ
֮״һλǧʿ⧲ͻȻɡһŭ𣺡ǧħǣɱ
ʮλǧʿλߵĴ£ħǵ˴յһ˵ԶΪ˶Ըһ˴֮䵹Ҳల¡ȴҶʱŭĿ
ԶϵĳӽԲȵ˺ˡ
˲䣬ƿնֱħϮȥԷգ漴ɫȻֹȻˣּֿԿɴŶ
һʱ֮䣬ķҡ


1339 
ӵͷŽµһƬңɫ㵡
ħ˶ڣΪ׵ĸλڵĸ֡ǧһִӦ䣬˲䴦ơΪһΧѶתֳ˲Ҫӡ
Ӱвæȵԭ
ܵǧʿжʮλԿȻȺ鼤ܶԾԾԡ·ǧʿæңæɸ߿աħһȴƲˣ׷һҡ
ֻü󺰣ʥӡԪӡԪӡλ϶Ϻ˵Ȳսħǵѣ˼ơ
ǲСȴûڷĺ֮СӰҴܣ׷ɵĽ˸ҫۡ
Σһλߴ·죬δ⡣ɲǣĿʧľӡ
ľػӣͬΪǧʿǰҰǱ䲻³˼ʦ˵׽ĸ֮⣬֪ʱ˿̣ԷͻȻľӣ˭ˣ

ӲŽ죬е㲻ľӡ
ڤ¾㱸˭޹в²⣬ȴԶ϶´ʱɻٽ⣡
ֻ߹һЦͻȻӿ죬ȻһɫĽ⡣
һȻܣһǹɱ˶޻ߣʹ໥¼ɵһƴһңݸòûء
ӻȻ֮ʣɫ䡣ԼδӦս˽ԲԣֻΪʱ룬˻һڴˣס䱾תֱϣƴӴܡ
֮ͬʱ೾ӲԶļλʿ׹һæ⽻ɱסߵȥ·
ľģȴӦԣӰ˲һӰȴʮƿնٿȻԷĿ϶漴ֱ׷ȥ
һˣ
ǧġħҵʮλֶʱһն
ӼһƲɵŵһͷϵĹâ֮СӰʧ

һâ˸Ŀѣԡ֮任Ȼ졣
һӰΣæĿ
ΪĵմӣŴԼΪСɱؽŻǰ׷˴ȻӰѵԽƵ⴫£
ɰףķʡ
ʱ׹һƬãã֮Уϲ졢²ŵصĻ㱡ʶڣҲķտû䡣
Ǿһ졭

һ֮˴Ӱе䡣һλˣװԼڵƿӦ׷ǧʿȴʧɢǡöһɵһҡ
һѭȥֱһ̧
뻢ͷʱڳȦ˵ӵ˹ȥ˴ʧɫùҴתӡֵѾöɱʢ顭
һʱķ򡣲Ƭ̣йâ˸û룬ȥǵͷһԷͷת˲ѪŽʬ׷롣
⣬׳˶Ӱ۷
ͷɱµʲʵʵٳʵۻңϴ󣡽泤ʶԺֵҲҪһ׺ݡթ˽ǰδػӶֵֵܲڴ˴һɱһɱһ˫𡭡
ֵȻȦߵĶȴһĿȻԭΧΣϴһȴɼưٳĶǣоʵ˿ʹ죡
ܣѵ²˻ϴ¼汸ı¡ʵ죡
ͷ޵˵ֵܣ˭Σת˰
ɫת˫üչϺЦ㵱δɣվ겻ǵΣָ˭ȥ
ͷԴһתȥûһϴǰһﻹˡ
ֵʱһӲ롣֮ٲԽغ򣬷˵ҵĸֲˣǱƴ͸»֮ǰֵܲû·
һö鿴£ӦȺ;ɽס̨ͤȡ壬Լ˴ؿ˴죬֮ۡ˵н̨һвڡԵͬ޴ӵ֪
һ˵ͷĪζ˵ĸҵˣѻڴˡֵܼȻˣҾ鴳һأߡ޺ֱһӣλֵǰȥ
ޣķããһ·УĿġ
ԼĪŰչȥǰһӡʩչʶȥƮͷ
ǰչȥɰɡĪ˵Ӱ֮ǰķҲûˡ
ֵͣ£ɫɻ
ǰ˲㣬龳Ī⣬Ͼнƿɹѭ죬Ϊޣ޴ƾ裬ٲȻһĻڡ
ͷͲסԹһӰЩһȥĶˣߴˣת˵ֵܣǵʱķ򡭡ƺֵܡ磬ȫƾһʱ
ҲӲ⣬˴ػȻѱ桭
ѴѰϴ
ֵһ׿ȥ
һͬЩãȻ꣬䰺ֻɰ׵֮⣬Լй˸΢̣ɫζ
Ϊ·ǰ֮塣ʱ·ϣֻ̧ͷ
һ˵תϷȥλֵܵҲ׷ʣֻһ·С
Ƭ̣ͷȻģϻж
һ·֮ϣжнơʶױͷʱɢʶȥֻߴӰû
Ҳ֣ϴҿ
һ̧һƳֵ˼ϡ
ʱɸ߿֮УȻλڶǻͷɫһ̶ɫתϲ漴ӭݵ˫ϴЦݣִк𣡹Ȼ㡭
ת˲֮䣬
һλֵֹסȥơŲԶ֮ԼӶ꣬ЦЦʵԪӣ̻ǵãѱڵʥϣԵԽˣҵ絽һ
߲δˣȻԪӡһ˵ֵʥ֮󣬴˲δʱ֮󣬱˴ȴŲط꣬ܲΪ֮첻⡣
Ԫӵ۹ӹ뻢ͷתȻ̾дЩĲɣΣһ˰֣˵һѾмֻҲλѡ񲻿׵ģĬȻƬ̣漴ֲ޽˵Ժ᲻٣Ҫ
һɫ΢㵣кҪ£ִԪһۣת˫̧ͷ졣ȥ֮⣬ƹ⸡Ī֮У͸żֹ졣
Ԫӻ˿æֳ뻢ͷ˹֡أԻ޶⣬ǰս˼


1340 Ԫ
Ԫӿе֪ڶ졣ֻȥ·Ǳ̷ϡһ׷ϡҪͬԸĴС
Ԫӻ˵ˣҹڵʥϣһͷʧգǾ޴룬һȻͬ׹ɽ£ȴѰ˵塣֮ƾ輸оյشִ졣
Ԫӹµһ˶ֻöǻǧħĵĴȺ֣֪λֵҲ˴˴æѰٵȺֻΪ˴طһ̡
򲻸ˣ
ԪӵȺδѰ١ǡֵ˲;תУ˴ڲڶ
˵ķڶҽߴȥֻΧ׷½ضնݱ棬ⲻݣ
ԪӵһϯоݣҼΪֿظظпµȺʱѰԸ
ȺѰãֻΪֵ˵İΣʾԪӵУҲмӣ
ͷһҡԴš£Ԫӿ϶впɣ
ԪΣֵ̧٣
û˵ǿԼҵϴ
һڴԪӣ漴΢΢Цô飬㵹ǷˡԷ־ǫãݵɡԳֵѹѰǧħҵĸ֣ԭ׷ȥˡ
ͷ廰ϴҵȺòװ鷳ڴ˾Դʱ
һŻͷһƲ̧һָЦʵϱһ֣ĪҪʹ˴
ͷһȦ֮⣬ֵܺδȥԸڴĴҲ뱻Ȧ֡
ԪӴ㵣ĪǻҪ֪Ѷϡæڶ˫֣Ȱ˵ȥգ򲻿ɰ
̹;ѵ·㲻ˣ
һһ䣬漴ֲΪȻҡҡͷ˵ŻͷʾҷԸ°һ̧Ϸȥ
ֵֵˣȻû飬ԶӾοն
ԪӼȴֲҷԳ֮ε̾һ׷ϴս˵ˣȻϣƱ㡭ɫ͸Щ׳ûͷ۹ţ˵
ϣԶ޼
ϣյգȴֱ赲ʶȥӰֳ
Ԫӽһǵ𣡶Сġ
ʱ֮ϵӰаλ֮࣬ȴ˴ɢԳȺ͸ϣжߡ
ǲ·ĶʮӰζ
ԪӼæһѺɫĽ⣬ѵˣȥ
һһƳȥƲͣ
Ǹ߿֮еӰȺֱʮˡʮˣԼʮˡһħǣ֮ǧġµһСȺˣΪĵҴߡ֪໥¼ɣмɵɣºôһ϶
һδ𻰣ٳһָ
ͷǵֶᣬٿȻҷķӰһԪӽȥ硣
˴ң԰ڳơȴһȥڶԷ֮ʲȴгɶһ
˲䣬ĵӰֹסȥƲԶԶһԡ
һ֮Сϸɸ߶࣬оŲ㣬״ӣȴ޴־Ө͸ڱŲ㣬ȻƵʹڰ֮ٲ׳ض˲Խһ
ֱ࣬һһòұӡ֮⣬ĬȻŰλߡһλԼһλҷı׳˴˽ƳѶ˺ܾá
ʮԶסΡٶλ׷ȴͣ¹
ʱͷ˫˫Ȼѡ
Ԫη壬Ȼһ
һǽ۹ӹԶÿһӰŵҡҡͷ
ǹŹֵ֮УɢνǿĪʮΪ֮սľľȻҶڲķ
ܣħĵλףһλǧĵľˡǱ赲ʮڰ֮ǰһ
ԭһ׷ɱԵαƾеĶţ
⣬кã
ڴʱһƳ˫ɫ漴΢΢ЦԶԶкǺǣϵٰ
ŵ˫⵽ߵĶѭ˹
İҷ֮У۹硣µλɫľȻһ޶Եģ
ַ룬⡣
࣬ɫҶЦùȡ
һǰؾֻصλˣĳйˣ޹غ֮˵
ϴ˵뻢ͷŹվûԪȴǵͷ󲽲Լ̽ţ
ȻԶȴǿһ˼Цֵħ֮⡭
ֻ˵ؾһΪλħĵĳϵĳħ֮ᱻ׷ɱˣ
һÿɷҡҡͷת֮⡣Ⱥ֮УʿԹޣһλŨ׳ں޺޵Լ
ǡڴʱ˷ЦǺǣϴԲӣħΪʦֵУһСռȵ
һת۹ͶһԵҶϡ
ɫһ߳ʦֵܶʦ棬кռħǣԪϷһ档ǲȻؽ֮ӡ
ԪǾӨ͸ĹȻɻʵۿµԪ
һ΢΢Ȼɵ̧üġ
Ҷ׿ʦϻԵȻ󡣶ԷɫɣĪ⡣ת΢΢һЦֵλϴʦֵܶ࣬Σ۹ԶԶһƳЦǽһʦֵܴãǽԪδ֪
ûд𻰣
ҶоһɱɭȻȻһֱһķȥ
һû뵽ҶͻȻ֣ɵɫһݡΧ֮УȻѣֱһ񣬽˸
ǡڴʱλ׻Ӷ˫֣һȦɹâƾն
һģԵʱ˸ɫâ֮ɲǣϵƺɨķ
˫ײը졣
һңҶƱҪԽ
һβҷȴͻȻ޷ɫɷ֣漴̧һָһɵѪɫħƿնɱݺҶ
Ҷҵ伲˦һڹֶȥӭײϮħ䡱һ죬ʱȥ裬ȴնٿȻƣŽ㿪ҵɱ漴һڹ⼤
Ҷϣѷһƾ֮ȻҪǿгֶԸһԷδסĸҲû
ʱ˿̣һֻ·ߣսӡ
뻢ͷ֪ӵҪǰ
һ˫ֳֽ˺󣡡仰ųڣɫͻ䣬ŭȣҡ


1341 ʳ
ҶΪڵĸˣȻѣͬСɡ
һӦԣͻȻϮһ⡣
뻢ͷͬʱҪΪʱ
ǸԪһֱС൨ĵӡ˭Ҳû뵽󵹸꣬Ҫͷ
һŭ֮ʣǵɫĽ˲䴩͸Ļ巨
һ֮⣬ԪɫˡһȻŭηȥȴҧг͵ϮͻȻ֮˭޴ӶܡֻԵ֣󹦿ɳɣ
֮ͬʱһɫâʮƷǿɱƲɵ
һܵУ㲻ܣʱ½˸Ԫӣתǰ˫ֳֽȫȥ
顪
ɫħµƣ˲ѱ赲ʹԪδ߶ĽȻ᲻ɴݡ
䡪
һǧɵĽХ£ڶءʱѣϮĺɫâٿȻ֮쭺˷һȻɣȴ˳ץ뻢ͷֵҪӲƴ漴ѱ˫˫׷˳ȥԪǴҴҺˣһʱǱ޴롭
ֱ֮⣬ֵסΡ
һԶ˫֮Ȼ˸ͷ۵ѿڣλֵʾ£ֳֽԻǰʲȻܵжִӦ䣬Ҳ޴󰭡Ȼ˲ͣûꡭ
Ҷĳ֣⡣һ̽ħĵĳϡǵ⣬ܳûܻһΪջȴʹ÷ŵһȲ֮£ֻٴ˻ص֮ǰԶԶһɴұЦݡޣڴŽߵĸ򡭡
һͻתƽϢĶȻɡ
ԪڵЩᡣлӰƽæķ书һ񣬶ȴҳϿɼҡ
ƻ֮ϣԪӵĺȲᡣʦѱն޴ﻹȥһµӵ
Ƴһɫм֮⡣һλڵС붴ΪҶ֮󣬻ܰȻҲ
ǳһ΢΢ͷת˫ǣԼλ׵ĺ֮£סҶ¡ԷȴƾԪ֮һʱ˫й˼ɡ
ϥͬħΧһʵԹֻۡһȻҶĺȻһԸ⣬漴۹
һƽԪӵİ֮⣬ȥһ
Ԫɫǻ̻̲
һеĽ۹ķȻԪӣ˴㲻Եγְ㣿
ԪӺ֮ûᣬסͷΪҶħ֮ʣ͵Ϯĺʱ񣬻Ҫһ׮湦˭һ֮ǿη˫ҶѾãʵǿбλħϾˣԼָǺã
Ԫͷһ˸䡣ħһиʮ̡
һ΢΢üʵԪӣβ𻰡
Ԫӳ˿ڴһζҡͷЦҲһ䣬תԹŭһҵһλĺбİ֮ţ˭ȴխͶܣٻѶϲ֪νʵӹһ
һ⻹ͷ˵ۣԼȻ˵Ĳ
Ϊħ֮εºܣλħŴȣ̫㲻Ԫ鿮ȻķֵвãҲһʱܲΪλħ
˵ȥֻĳҪ޵ˡ
ڲϲһˡһµʱȥ񶨣ڮ֮ʣ޷һƫ˽ıȴ֮ͬڰ֮й
һҡҡͷԪӣ˵ĲУĳʵһˡ
ϴ裬裬ֵܲˡͷһ˵꣬˹ƿڴԪӣʹ桢׸Ƶ޳Сˡӽջ㡭
һķһۣˮŭ
æһѻͷֵͣȴȻɱڣ
İ⣬ŵ˫Բи߶һ̧ۿ
ħǡǧĵʿͬԶԶ
һ֮ʣܵһĿȻǰԪӽ˵ĳԪݣ¹ϣһλɶõĸɲš
ԪӱΪҪӭһ꣬˭ȴƵᡣԶĻͷǰ˿漴룬Ȼʶ֮ȴ֮ͽκΡ
һԹ˵㱳Ͷ֮ʱȴĳҸš
Ԫ΢΢һ
һĻת䣬˵ĳȣ֮Ϥ㡣ǻܡüһɱֵһ˵ʱĪĳ顭
Ԫɫ΢䣬ħλڴˣҷδ䣬ӲæתȥʾħͬСħһڶȺȴһӦӡ
һδ׷ϣǳԶʵϣĳҪΪħ֮
۹ӹܵİλͬеľתǰҶĪ飬ЦǺǣһħ֮յħ𡭡
һʣеʩֵ֮Σ
붼룬ʹֶΣ
˸͵ħǲɹѾãŻߣֻϳͲ
ֻ΢΢ͷ̶ֽǰӰ
һѭһۣ漴ǰȥ뻢ͷ⣬ֻԭԴ
֮⣬ħġǧĵǧɶԳȺͻȻһƽԴ
һȺֹסΡ۹ӹĵʮλʿɵð¡ȴ䱸ǧʿԼеĳӣ˸Ӷ꣬ħһȺʵλϵĻ֪λǷǷȻ
ħǵʮλּȻȴ졣˵ͷرܣɫɣ˻̻̲
λħĵĳλףǵħʶҪ֡Ҷλħ䷭ɳʵΪѡ˵λħдȡ
һӦ˵ǼĳΪУǻͷǰϤ㡭
ȺΪ׵λĬʱһΪУħĵľŴΪСҶλħ³ϣħδ֪
һһֵλ̡֮֮նģѪһͻȻȵ̨ʤ룬ȫԪӣʱ
Ⱥʱɧңһ׳ɫңȴ򶨣Цһλħڣ㻹ħ֮ų켺ɱ䡭
һ˫üб۹ѪɫһһٵĳҪɱˣ⣡ӾʮλɱɭȻɷܻȻ
֮˲䣬뻢ͷ
һнһָȵ׶вӲʣɱ


1342 ȡ
λ˵ǰĿ֮£һҪΪħŻ
ħϵĳ׿ϣɷֵܵܵ󣬸С׶вӲʡˣħǵʮλֶʱ㵵
޴֮У˽ԿΪ׵λڵǰ
ԴӼλħ֮ͬ˸ˡһֵʱҲ˼ַܡҪ֪ħʮףǵұۡʧٶ꣬էȻ˵ʣ¾λеڡһҶܣħǡħֻڵ֮䰡
˵ˣ¹صħŶԹ˻Ϊã
λҡͷһĬλˣµڶʿɫ̡̻
ת˲֮䣬ɷɢڳƣҪħǵʮΧС
֮ͬʱĵӰȴûڳȺ
е̨ʤ״ǾԶңңһƳһת롢ȫ·λħϾˣֻѰ·
ԪͬƴӴܡΪħͬıӻݱһʱ˭һĶŹȻΣܻʹȻʱ˿̣˭˵˭һڲ
һ̨ʤ뿪ȺһУʮɷգûӰҵ뻢ͷԼʾ⣬̧һ̤֮Ť˲Ϣȥ
Ϣ֮ʣ̨ʤȫӵ֮⡣ֻѰʱľʯţɰΣǰͻȻðʮɭȻӰ˲价ƳȻһΧ
Ԫûͬ飬ֻܶ·̨ʤ˱ҡٵĺô̫ۡԸк֮£ֻʱתŽתĹλɷܵסȥ·Ϥ˿־ŭԪӣӽƤ
̨ʤȥ·裬̧ץһѺɫħ׼غɱһѪ·֪Σò롢ȫʿľȵڶͬѲˣֻڴض
ǡڴʱΧ֮жһӰ
ƾðһֱֽбָüȻ̨ʤ벻Ȭ֮졣ĳڴˣҪɱһѪ·
̨ʤŰĻӰɱߣһգһꡣЩƣҳݡֻªšͷػӶħȵ޳֮ͽħ֮ҷ񵥴̨ĳ
ô˸һһ꣬ˣ֮ѹȥ˽ꣿ
һתһƲŲм飬Ȼ˵̨ʤĳɱ㣬ò仰δ䣬ͻȻ׻
䡢䡪
ըһ˲䣬̨ʤüæִԭضĿȻ
ֻԶȫѱ׹˻巨֮ʣĻ룬ٿȻ֮˫˫Ϊҽ
̨ʤȻ֮ʣʶŭһӶħҪȥǰǧâȻ漴Ӱ͸϶ΪһԷ־׷ɶǣƣܶʹΪƶ硣
Χ֮Уݽѵڽӣ
̨ʤݺݻӶеħȴŽǵӰ΢̵ǣʱѱ֡һ֮У˻
꣬ʧɷҲعǬ䣬һ̧ͫɼʲ΢ɲưѪֱ񷡭
ͷλɷܷǰɱغлϴֵѽԪӴңߺߣǲ
ԪԭһѰʿȴضֶΡ䱳ħǵһ̣һ϶˴˵³ϴĸʹǰǣһᡣ͵Ϯ㣬ΪԼѡһˡ꣬лǣ
ǵݹһö򣬷˵ԪЯ֮ȴԺģϴ𡭡
һȡλɷܣ˳ƽӹԼӲ鿴ɫζȴϾ˵λֵʾԪǰʤδ֣ҷعս
˷֮طԭ
ħһڶֵּ˹һɫرܡǧһ䱸ɭϡʮĵʿǻ̻Ȼпģ
һվΣ۹
ǰŵɣʮλ˺δܵĶ
һ֮ϵԼӣͻȻ˵ˣĳȺɱλˣ뱨ʱ򡭡
âİ֮⣬ϥš۹Ƴң漴ӣͷҲصصȻЦǺǣŽɱֳƣȻٵ־仰аȴֲźۼ˵һҿλħͬϣղƽϣҺΪ֮ɣ
Ǹ˵ؽ󣬲һ־Сһʶ
һƴһȴԸաûռˣĻĪľһֻʼͷա
ڴʱֵĿ˵ȥԪӦ˲Ρ
ǽ͸֮ϣȻǲаֵиĶϣмغһ
һҶӻ˵Ǵ˴ǺǡԭٷȴЦжᣬֵûԪıӻλؽʦֵܷȥΪǲء
ߣ˺ϸд³
Ǳ£Ȼһ˦ҷ¶һŸףü۹硣ֵĪΪԪıӻɽһʱٸִԲ򣬱ȥ仰˴һЩͷʾʦ֣Ҫеʾɱͽһѩǰܣȡᡭ
ַ룬
ûЦǺǣһˣ֪л
۹һƳûֵʮ⣬вϵĻ𣺡ţкθ߼Ѳ
ϸƣ˿˵ޣ̬ӵģ
ǺǣѡϸºһЦ˼ǰؽ˵λҶ֮⣬ؽ꼰֮ʾȴͬСɣغҵȵıִһ£תֵأ׸ԡ׾λ½ٶԵ˵ˣΪ֮ˣֺԹԹ
ߡ
Ⱦ˵꣬ϵʾѣʦ棬壬֮öĥʱֵΡ
΢΢ҡҡͷΪȻĺЦ˵п֮԰ˣ˲޶⡣λջĪǧҲˡٶ˵ǽ۹ͶǰӰɫζ
Ƭ̣оϡ꣬ͷʾ⣬ת˵ٸʦֵޣٸ翹ҵֻȥԪʱλؽ֮ӡ
ϸ˷ε߲ɼãκΡǶʦֵУֱԪ׷˴սԷǰҪǿж֣˵ҪȥԪȥһ޴Ԥϡ
һֱأֻӲλˣʱȴͻȻɭЦǺǣȡᣬȫɱ˶ᡭ


1343 
ƾԪĪ֮λ˶ţȴѸıľȥδӣɼʱͻȻڳԣʹڳ˽һ
˻˸תҶࡣ´ʱɡ
ȴǿ͸ƹ졣
ҶǰԵǡ֪ʦ־çײ֮ˣȴֶΡᡯһŲ֪˴н٣ʱֹֻѹءڽֽΣԤϣ
ע͸һ˿
һʦֵ㲻һѰԪջ˭˽Ϣ֮Ե飬漴ɻµΪҽɭϣƾŴ˶ţһʱΣݡȨ֮ƲɳãҪ
Ҷ۹һ漴׹
תķЦԪвʾĴţѾáԽȴһֱѰȻѰ
ħĸ˶Ȼһš
ǲȻĪҪȥԪˣǡ˵һ룬ҡͷûԪǶʦֵƾ裬³֪һ٣ʾ䡭
ת߳Ī޶δ䣬˫衣֮˲䣬λͬʱһȦɵɫâȻ֮ƱŴͬʱ֣
أնɫ䣬ȴ˺ɶľҪ֪ħĵľˣŶԲΪ֮£ֻ֮ǳ˵֮⣬޵֡ö룬Ҫֹ
֮ͬʱҶҲˡ
ѽֻ֮ϣݺݴ߶Ҷҵæ編ơ
֮ɲǣֻáˡһ죬Ȼ΢΢ζ̶ҫŲʹâϵӿ
ǡһȦɫâŽƽɣȴҹɫʱȻˡܵľŴԭһʱԴΪǿķֶĹٴϮȥ
ڴʱҶȻڻŴٴȫʩΪȴͻȻֶ˫˫Ծ
ɶߵԪͻȻû˷ӳ֣ʱâƲ١ܿŭΰĹȴȻ͸֮ҡвŴ˶ҶȻǸԼһħݺ¡
䡪
һǾӨ͸ľͻȻ֮Ųʹâ˸ҵƺɨķ
˼æʩ裬ɵΧƶʱλԼæ˺һĿȻ
ҶȻܵĹƣһٻȥԪŲʹâûȻһգʱѽǶ˹У漴ԭشһϸĲʺ磬ַ˸
һ̣ħġǧġĵڶ֣һֵˣ
ǰħĵľλԼԹ˲ҶĶֻܸһ
ǲʺпУһһԶȥ֮ʣһδгɣԪð˻ġ
ַ룬΢΢ݣʧȻΪʦȴδƴɡ
Ƴ۾֮ۿɻԪԹ˻ķ
޷зĪ
֮䣬Թ۲
޷Ǳˣ޷ǡĪżν֮࡭
ءˣͨڣǴڡ
ͨҲҲҲ
ͨ¾ɸ桭
֮ߣ̩ޣж䣬ű壬񾭳ɡ
̫ޣΪԾת֮ѭϢɴ˴񾭡
תͬ˶졣ǹʣȥ񾭡Զ桢ӡ˳ǣˡҲҲ
ֻת˶죬䴴Ķ񾭱û˴ڵıҪǺۿɻʽ֮ȥʾ֮Ҫ壬ͬڶ桢򡭡
ٳǵʺеַʧ
ǸпԭѲڣ˶桢ͻ쾳硣ֻεضǵĺ⣬ںδ
һʱÿ˵϶Ȼʧ顣
ֵȴһģ
ͷ֣Ժشǵʺ硣
ʾ֪˰ӡϴòĶ˭Ҫۿɻ˸ˣĪ϶ա
һ΢̣ɫĪ
ѹʶк޶ԭԪвޡ񾭡
̻ǵã澭ΪڣΪйأ񾭡غŷͨΪศɣȱһɡȴˣͨ޶ɡֻ˾Ϊˮɣͨһա
ǵۿɻʻȥ񾭡⡣񾭡ľڣȻǾת֮֮ǰв²⣬ʱЩϡ
㣬˵Ķ桢ѱĳռ
Ƭ̣ǵʺͻȻһ˸漴Ҷֱ񷡣ҶӰȴֳɫãȻԪѵһ˱㱻ηַʲôȻ޴֪
֮ͬʱԶĸʿĪַСǶλϾΪɻʵۿԼӲ򣬵Ҳ档ħĵľλˣԼԴӲȻлع
ȣҶ־ܡ
λͬʱӶ˫䣬ֻٴγסǶʦֵܡ
ȴδæңҶͷʾ⡣߲ʹâʧ˲䣬ٿȻΧ󷨣֮ȥ
һʱ
˫ΣҶȻк֡ǶʦֵĻ֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ˲ⰵҲһ㶼ԩ
޺˿ڣߵҵҪкιơˣԷɶݶɫأλ׽
ȥ֮ʣȴǻͷһƳ漴ֳԶʾ⣬תƮƮ̤նȥǧ˲ҵ̷𡣶ħǵڶָȿֺΨʮλĵʿڳɲ
һͬڵҶ³뻢ͷ׷ȥȴĵʮλҴ壬ԶԶкλĳͬСǿڱϿϣıӻһԷ飬һɫ¼ɶӦ
ϴΪħ֮Щĵʿ׷桭
ͷ˳áΣڣֻ䱸ʱǿԷƬ̣̲סЦ
һȺʿɶϣбۿͷʵ㻹Ľҵħ֮
ͷҡԴӦšţϴħ֮Ŀ֮³ȥ̨ʤԪӵĸһɱˣʹ졭
һȥƲͣ
ѵǿߣùʩչ֮ϴв㣬ȴԶʱƣľ֮磬õ־ھںһССħ֮
ͷںЦ˵ĺеκλ
Ķ˵ʾݵ£б䡭


1344 ɷ
Ϸɵʱ򣬲֪ɫ˱仯
ɰ׵⣬ѪȾһ㣬룬ŨϼĿ·ȴоŵʮɸߵĺɫܣǧɷԲ̼ǳһĪǿ󷨡
Ϊߣ֮ϣ߸ߵĿһѪա
Ѫ࣬ӯӯתѪ磬ŨȶɭȻƴаԶԶһۣΪ֮𵴶̻̲
Ѫ֮£֮䣬վһ¸ʦֵܡжԭĮͻȻ˼аİȻҶȴǶڰⰺǻȴĲ벻˼顣
ŵ֮⣬顢ȸ˾ֹסȥƶվһšĪѪȴ˸óȻǰ
󷨵ԶǾۼǧħĵİٶλ֡Ŀ״˲Ȼ
һλֵ֮ռһط
ʱԼŭ㾹Ȼв˾ɷΪ
ҲĿ㵶ҡͷ漴ҵķˣ˵ɷħ͵һ󷨡лǣѪֻأ˵µӲ˷Υߣϳ͡ؾԶߡ޼ɵ޿ˡ
йħڳλ֪ʶⷬ˵ġħңԺʱһ档
ڳȻ״ȴ̲סĴĴ
Ϊߡ
֮Уһߡ޿ֵ߳ĳҪͻƶ쾳磬һٳΪ˻ĵߣ
üĿ޳֮ͽԲѡ
мǰλϲĻ̫ãħҲĺȡ飬ŷ⿪ȴʶʱһֱϽʦľͻ֮
߳롭
ЦǺǣҪװǻƣǴѾõľת֮𣿶Ȳ֪飬ֻһʱĴָ룬Եֵ˶辶оת֮֮ͬСվѵ˺Ƶ֮ơ仰˴ԶңңһƳɫоΪ֮⡣
һͷɫݣȴ΢΢üͷ
ǳ׼ǸǶؾһ¹ڻνľת֮µġתޡ俴ʵ򲻹һֻ֮ѡǧġħΪ֮ѰѾãȴδؿƾͻ֮ͻƶΨһ;ֲͬľǸڡԼ˵ǷȱֻΪ
ͫһ߳ʣɷνĶ辶
΢΢׵ǣ˽ǬܲټӾɷ־Ų죬شߣ޴Գ֣ʮ³侫ѪΪɣپɷ룬ǧֵΪһˣͻƶִ죬ճɾͻ֮λ׾٣Ǻǡ
ҡҡͷؿ˵ԭˣΪɣúʿʵɶ񡭡
ɫߵߣֻ˽ΪʹȻ۹бˣҲ֣֮ȡƾѪлˡۼλ಻ضã
ŭһ޳֮ͽҼ֮ϡ
չ˫䣬ĳֻѪɷඥǿʣʱ˭ǵ֣˻˭Ҳĳ죬ĳأ˳߲
޿ּ̧̣һ⡣
״Ȱλ漴ɢͬʱ֡
ŵɫĽ⣬ֱȥŽ󷨵ıԵŸʱ˸ɫâ̶һǧɴϸĹն
䡪
â˸֮Ѫɫžŵȥһ٣Ƕɶǰ
ǺǣΡ
֮УЦ־ֵͣɷڶֵľѪΪ֮ǧ֮ڣν᲻ɴݣ
۹ɫһҧ˵޳ͽҿŶáֱһӣԼλ׺ǰܣת˲֮ѽټ󷨸ΧƬ֮󣬾Ϭͬʱ׷ɡ
֮ɲǣŵۻķӿβ̶Ȼ
̧һķģһָ߳󡪡
ٿȻգʧʮľɷȴһѱһεķַ
ǼһģٴγȵؾɷȰλ˶һ£Էǣơ˲䣬ֻܺһɭȻ󷨡˴ֲǾŸɫ΢΢ζ漴Ѫɫй
δλ˷˫ڴذ֮ںңвȵļ΢΢һɷ
ҶȻԴ󷨵ĽɫлûʧʦֵܶѾãؼʱһаʱƣ˵Ŵµ󷨣֮֮ʵϡ
ߵɷ״ȴʼħʮסҵֻʣ¾ˣʩչ˷ȴΪ졣㾹С׼ס
ûвΧԭ䡣ħľλ˵ǿʹֹ˼ɡ
һλֵͬԹۡԶ𣬻ꡣ
ǹ󷨣Ӧòİǵؾ֮УǾλָأȴȻӶݡö룬Ǿɷ֮¡ˣС׼ףҲǡ֡
֮У΢΢Ȼ
˵ǵ͹ǾŸϲֶΡңƬ̣һж޴Ԥϣ
ͷһᣬɫȻ־֮Ρ
֮˲䣬ǧ֮ƴһѪȻϵƳķ
ɣȥƼӿ죬һͷѪ֣֮漴ſ̲ת꣬Ѫȴ˫Ŀ΢͹뷢½Ǵ죬Ƽ籩ǡ
ѡ
ͻƶ쾳磬ʵĺ𡣽ʱؽͷཫ֮ء
λȫ߶󷨽ƣűǡ顢顢顱û˷ӳֵ֧ţŸɫһһ
նȻԱδ̧ץһӯӯѪſ¡ת֮䣬䷨Ϊٴεõ˲Խ˶쾳ٲȻѡ
ΣҶɫԹ
ȴϾ룬æ߶Χ
ֻΪŽԽ쾳磬ȴʹֹǰ̲һߣʱĿ㵣˻ֻ֮һгɣԵβͻơ


1345 
ڴʱ˵Ĺѵ
ҶУ޴ӶܣĽǰʦ֡
Ȼѹͷ丩
һɫǽڣǵذ£Ʋɵ·һ̣Ҫ촷۶ʬ޴档ȻҪ֮ԿȴͶ
кһħƣ־裬˵ƻȻһ䣬ǰɣƾץһʮɵĺɫħǹȻħ
״΢΢һɵת׿Գ֮ʣһ˾޴ħǹɽ֮ƺɨӦ䣬ɷ⡪
ȰλɫأһӳֵķٿȻǰδɣħǹѺݺݻ֮ϡ
䡪
һ춯أɭϵƶȻըѣŰɱк쭺ХķΧľλ⧲ȺˣȴȻϰݣһٳȱ󷨡
æ֮Уϸ˷ʧħӡһ
ӡһ۵֮ħӡӡʧ
ͺͽΪԶҵȣȣնϻɿά󷨣תâ˸°λ
֮ͬʱȻХײ£ʹԶս˷׷׺˶ܶȻĿɿڴڸ˵ĶʵѵһԵǰȴ˵ľĶǣ
ֵȴվԭפƾǿķƾɱϮȻ
뻢ͷ߬еĵ˫˫Ϣ
һ۹ҡ
ѾĻѪɷδóԸʱΪȴڶ֮䣬νѰǿֻ°˻֮޵֡ħоλˣ֮俹⡣
ħӡħɡӡʧȻ뵱ʻ۵йأ
ۿȥ񾭡ת֮֮䣬˵ûй˭ֻء
һͷת̧ٳֱս˫ȥŽһλߵӰȰصסȥ·˵ûٵĹΪұݡ£Ϸдһ
ǾˣһֱһĶֵ˻ʱħϾˣҸͷʰԷ
һסΣװʾλֵ԰꣬漴ɫڽˣ֮һսȴǽաԷ˵Ĳгûٵ˼ʱҶһԺٲ鷳Ȼȥ·裬ʵЩ޿κΡ
֮⣬볤ڷ΢΢Ʈ䣬ʵա
һ΢̣ᣬǰ
üʶŻ
ת֮䣬ѵ󷨽ָܵȴͬѻ˾ʮɵߣһֳħһɾ޲棬ħƶɱ硣µλٳ󷨣ɷɭϡ
ǰ̤һ߾ħ棬ͽս
һлܾλˣŭȻѡԷƲЦϲֻԶ٣쾳磬ؽȴңǺǡЦδ䣬ץҶȻħǹһ١֮죬񷾹Ȼѿһ϶ѪȻɢһҫ۵Ĺкֱ¡ӰٿȻȥ
ǵķ֮˲䣬һֻεĴץʹɼ̲סҪڿն
˼ʦֵӶݣæΧƣ漴ͬλ׳׷ȥ
ͬǲɣȥ֮ȴһƳ
ĸʿؼգȿֺ
һλֵܽ󡭡

һƹãתۼء
·һߴǧȻƶĪȴâ˸ʱ˴зɳܣϤ΢ǡ
ʱ£Ӧ˵ʱľ֮УôͻȻսˣּգѳɹ̡ºȻЩȻζ
ϷĪĺʧȡ֮һƵĻڣһӰ̴зȥңңɼǿ
һ´ͷ۹ʾ⡣˲䴩ϵĽƻڣٿȻǰȥδ뿪ħǵĵ̶ڰ֮У漴ֹֻסȥơ
֮⣬Լλװڳһŵסȥ·ҶھѲټλ˲δ׷ɱǶʦֵܣһתɫĪ⡣
ܲӰҴȥΪԺĸҵʿ֮ǰǧ֮࣬ȴֻʣǧڡ
һ۹ӹǾλˣתͷ
Ľƹâ֮£޴ҰħԼԼǰۼʿһ糾͡
ʱ˵ħĵ½ħǣߣɱۣ
һԣת·ȥ˳ǰȺȴʿǰ꣬һ˴ǡ
Ը飬֮󣬼޸Ǵ󣡡һϸ׳ǣ˵ϵܣΪħ֮չȭ֮ʱҾʹ˻ת˴˺úù滮һ
һ̧۹⣬ȴǧ֮⡣
һСȺӰҴҶеһλĺǶ֮뼸λҴط꣬ӦѾ֪ϿĲҿʱһħĵλ˸ǣֻշġ
һ뺰סʵ飬ͷһֹ
λ׵˽ǰɫ꣬ʵϵܣιʳɡ
Ե飬Ѵ˽ȥԶ
һ˿Ž۹ڽǰİ˵Ӱ֮ϡԷܣΧ֮ơδżֲʵҶȥ˺δλΪβ׷ɱ
Զķֿ˿µħǣЦҶѶ⡣ʱΪ˻ģ׷ϡ
һȻѵʹղɣ
ȣȴǿΪ⾳粻ȣ׷ɱʹգֱݻɽûǸԷ´Ϣ֮ؽ
ȻΣ
һ䣬ִ뻢ͷЦһֻܣȻ˴żʶԷȴ߬еĵһҶһԲΪȻҡҡͷתֵϵǣлҶħǶȹ̸֮ٴӳ顭
һ˫üǳĬȻ
ǳ׼ЩԤıغڳȺʿȻħɡӦϣֻΪ̣
һɫֻü˵֮ǰҵѽħ¡ӵҰħǶ˻ģϵյĳɾͲǺǡЦ̧ʾϵܣһس˵
һȴüһչ΢ЦؽԶһˡλʧˡ
Щ⣬ɵýһϵ¿һ飬ɻϵܼΪħ֮Ƕȥ
λȴǽֵΧڵ䡣
һ̹Ȼһλ⣬βꡣֻսѰأϴϥ̸٣
۽һɫƬ֮ϵܣ㣬桢ģǷϡ


1346 
ħǵȺ򿪣һաŴǣڱؽһѪȷ硣
ɸ߿գӰƵĻڡвħǵʿһĴҴɢȥ
λˣȴڿСڵ֮ڣһƬ֮С
һûӦ𣬶ĬĬעЩľȻڷŵʻ޶ԡ
ͬڶһ۹΢΢Ƭ֮鳤룬Թ˻˵ֻؾһΪϵܲŻΪյħ֮󹦸ɣ˴˱һˣ¾ؽħ޴ҵκҶԶӣδλ࣬Ψаٳ߸ͷһܸɾͻԻͰһݿµϵһĨЦ⣬ֵߴͽ̡
һΪΪ˶ԸҶȨ֮ơ˭ʱԼ˵أ
ȴԴԸĳ֮ʣƶȡħģռħǡΪߣλִħ֮ƣȻծˡȻһְڳ̵ֽļƣʧȥ桢
һ̣һǲˡҵλֵܣһһӹܵİλˣ۹ϣЩĿɬʵϣйؾ֮˵ǷԾ֮ڡ
΢Ц״޵ϵܶΪħ֮
һһ֣ɫԳ
ͷûãĳֺγǳ˶żߵİǣһСģűΪһ֪ԴÿԿҪģ
˵֮ʣû̹ϵ˵ɻͽ֮ԨԴЯʧġԴȷɣȴΨ˻ĴҶšѳΪħ֮
ҽɻͽ֪ʲô
һ˼ħĵǿԱʵ棬ֻΪȡλļԸǰȥ׷ѰҶ䡭һ٣תʵΣǷ֮²⡭
ǺǣЦӦϵϡ
ȻǸڰʹĳĳΪħ֮ĹԵóѡǱ͸¶桢ĵ䣬޷жһĳ԰򰲸ħˡǰȥ׷Ҷֻı
һתʣĳ֮䣬֪Ըһ
ֻҪһûзϾĵĴڣͷãһжˮɡԷʻǳ⡣ԳɣЦ˻
һ˫֣ݵԣԵ£ĳмԨԴʵĳòģλվȻһ°һֵ̧λžһ֮ʣĳƤס
ͷǰһŭ͹˭ҶҼϴëͷͬھ˵һʵڰλ˵Χ֮£ƴ
ֱһ˸ͬǰһüӷҼϴؾȵλˮ֮Уλ˲ɶҲͰˣ˽ƣдߣ֣ܶһ˿ڣұؽλסɱȻ޾ɫȫȻһļƣ
΢΢㵣ܵλҲǸɫ졣
ԷһСˣᡣһλ˵ĻΪ֮ԡ壬ˣҪȥħĵڡ
һһƳλֵʱִ̧üģεģ΢΢Ц£˵˴˽ڣںɱŵùĳĳǰȥѰͽΡ
֮ⷬ⣬ҪûУҪһǷδؾͲӵգħǿУ
ϵЦûˣһħ֮
Ī˵ĳӲȨλȻģͷ̾žλˣܳΪħ֮
һδֱԾܾÿɷصȻ˵Եĳں֮δ֪Ҳ
ɱ͸żֳɵɫƬ֮ҡҡͷ赭дϵ֮׳־塣ʲȴˣҲһʰˡȻپۡ仰˴Ȼÿȥ·
һɫ糣ֵǣһ˲ԽֵܽɫȻ
ȴ΢΢һЦʵϵܣϾΪħ֮ϵشв֪ȥδ
һͷҲأ˻ĽΪȥ˫һչѽץסλֵܵı۰漴նϣ˲ʧǿԶ
أԭĿԶʶ֮ңңɼǿӰȥԶ
˲ϣʵ÷һȥھҶ֣֮ǻ֮ӡ
׿˵ϸˣЦǿһƱҪ˺Ƥһ񡭡ҡҡͷֵħδȣĸʵڲ˽֦֮ԣ޵
ͬʱһӰħзԶԶһأʦֻҺ¡
Ǳ뺷ӰǰҴҽ˼䡣Էתǿա

ǿ֮⣬һץͷȫСȥһʱδ뿪Ұ򣬺̧Ȼһ̤˲Ϣ䴩۷¡
ת֮䣬һƬ޼ʵĴӭӰƿն漴ٿȻʧ
һ̣һλֵеһµ
ɽּʱʮλʿ
һܲˣֱ¶ȥֱǧ֮һ˶ĶѨֹסΡʮʿ׷Ȼڳһֵơ
Ѩʪܹʯᾡ֮ռɣҲΪ
һֶλֵܣ³һ
ͷŵ磬ѽѨеοʱɷغеģһȺʿҲҰԲƻȻҪˡ
ȴǿǽϴһԡ
ΧʮλʿһֶɱڡͷˣᲢ¶Ϊ˶ʱһƬҡԭλǰΣӣ
ͷ÷
һǳһת˲ӡ
յĶѨӦ뺣ףʪʯϻˮ飬żડһžΪվһȺʿԽѶ֪롣
ͷת˵ϴ㲻ҪȥѰūΪִֵܶ˶˴
һߵһ͹ķʯǰ̧ȥһ°ڣ˵еͷ˵ԿʮȺʿ
ڴʱһλԽڶЩ۹⣬£𷨱һֵв֪ǰҺк󣬻ԱתҼҳϡ
һЦЦ˵ҳǰң
⡭ɫѣ㷲ҼҳԶδ顭
һ̧һӣɵĳڴ˵Ⱥ򣡶ȥ©
߻˵ȴߴ׳ɫơͷһæ׳ǣֻôתȥ
Ѩֻʣֵˣͷ̲סеϴǧĻȥãҷԹҲˣܺù㰵ա
һ΢΢һ̾Ȼ


1347 ݱܹź
һûΪħ֮ԼҲһʱȨ֮ƣ޷ҪԷԸԱʹԼڶҵĺ
¸ûа׵õĺô
˿ҶȴΪһ𡣷Ļ볤ϡ׵ݲҲȨ̫صԽ֮ӡƾһλСΪħ֮ԸȣȨ䡣ƣӶˣֶֺΪأ
ʴˣһռ˵ʱͬλš
Ⱦλǿƹһ̣һԶħ̶ˮҶǾλߣǲ𡣶ҪӾ֮ջּȫˣ˵ס
˰ʹʹһк
ˣĻҼΪտ¡뿴һħߵ̫ԷΪӵħǵĸ󻼡Ǻʱ׳桢ȥ򣬿νǡô
ɻͽ˻Ľʾ䣬޸ϵһȻԨԴ񴫾ıΪȻ֪ʾ֮񾭡Ȼ١µġ澭롶ΪؽҪܵõµģ֮һƬ̹;
㣬˭ȥ׷ɱҶҷһߣѰһʸ
˵Ĺڵóˣ
һ뿪ħǣתֱλס֮£ڳһɱļƣԳȥ֪Էưոݡ
ţ֪һҪȥǧѰҵӣֻʱ߲ڶԷ۶桢ĵΣھҶС
ĳˣ൱룡
С赴֮Уֱû㣬罫İƤԾ󻼣Ҳ˵֮䣡
ʶһҴλֵǰǧģĲ¼ɶǻ
ʪĶѨ֮Уֵ˵
һϥڷʯ֮ϣΪĵؽǰһ渵ȻΪϴ󣬵Ͼʱ֣Լֵܽĳ̸ָ㣬ǷҲһֹͨḻҲ˴ӡ֤ޡ
Ҳ˴Ľһʱգټ¡
ϴԡ
ţͷϴ󣬾ǳʶΪҪűϿ׸ʱý佻ء
һûд𻰣̧ۿǰ
Ѱ˿ʯͷ£أץ߳
ͷҴѨﴫ졣ǡڴʱԶͻȻðλߵӰʱһɣȵߺˡδֹ̲סףϵˡɶš
λߣɫæδΣȴתϲԭλǰݹ٣ʵСԡԭף񡭡
ͷӣһţȻŶҼǵˡԹźԭףɡʲô͵Ťͷһһէϴ㾹Ȼб·Ҳɰ
һ뻢ͷݳ⣬ȴ۷ҰеһС¡˾ٿʱ⣬ȴֱйڣȻҪ׷ԶϰʹȻԽµĴ
ֵ֮ΪźĺλߣǾнͬеԭס뿪ħ֮󣬼˴աŽأӵ˲ҵæǱһ̽ߡ
һûɫº͵˵ĳͻȴ⣬ʵͷ£ֻѰƧڽһʱաдţλˡ
λ̬ЩģԭЩģס
ԭͻһЦæֵĪ˵ǰжҹźѰõĵ;˴ҵ಻й
׸͵ǰħǸˣҲѵõһءݽ٣ʵҹź֮Ҳ
һ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵λȱæſףĳлڵ桭
ԭæϸ
һ˵©ֵ˵İؽǳˡĳھ̫࣬λõ֪һ˵һ߶ŶԷһһ
ԣλ
ԭԼ˼˴˺˶Ѩȫ޷ʪ˱չһϣоϣתֵ֮ǰ£ת׶ʯڲӰ
һͷʾ⣬漴˹ȥ
ǰǧɣϣ˰ʱһһյĶѨ֮С
ԭʹͣ£˵ǧɸɽһΪ塣˴λڰɽ֮Уµһ䶴еļλˣ֪ǰܰģе˹ֵǿƵķźƣ¡
һӹƣ÷ЦЦ
׸˵ϻһź壬ȴִ˴ľһֻ˵ͷ꣬뻢ͷֵǰһ·Ͷ٣Ҷ˲šзԸ浽
дɤͻȻ𣺡Ͽƣ
һ̧۵˹ȥͷǹһ֣û˰ض㵽һԡ
ԭɫΣһʱʴӡ
һΪȻذ˰֣˵λԱ㡭
ԭŹָǣתѭ·Ҵȥ
Ѩ֮Уֵ˼鿴ܵΡ
һʮɷԲڣŨˬʯ֮Ум򵥵ĽƷҲѰȴʾ֮ܣҲʵá
Ѩ񷶥ǶʮĴָС飬յ硣
Ѩĵ룬ڷʯʯʡ
Ѩľͷſʯҡ
ͷתһȦߵʯǰ£̧ץ̳ӣ󷽵кϴ磬ҳһҵĹơ
һӶеķƣ˲ʱ˶ѨƣȴûỢͷʯҡ
˹ȥ
ͷһ̳ӹھ¶ǣΪͣЦ˴⣬ҲڡˣȴֻʯҡϴǷҪпһ䡭
νʯңڶɽˣΪСٱʯռȥһطԱƶּª
һʯҵǰͣ½ŲһӣйâȦʯзɳ
˲䣬һӰٿȻʯҵʯ֮ϡȻϥ붨δѣһ汶ֹºɫ
Ѿͷʵᡭ
һ۹һƳ˶ʱһ˦ǧʯʯң˲סʯšδͣЪתߵһʯҵǰ編ơ
˵ϴ㲻ʦôҲͰˣֿԣ
ͷŴ˹ﻹž̳ӡ
ʯҵʯ֮ϣһλһѾʯ֮С۹΢̧ɫ͸Īĸп˵ϵܣˡ
һ΢΢ͷЦַסʯţתһͷľ̳ӣҽؾƾֵʹ죡
ͷֱԴæûС
§ͷļ򣬴ǿЦǺǣȻѵúˬһأɽ󡭡


1348 
һȤš
ϴ뽲
ϴӡ
¬˶ɽ⨺ȺһֻϺɱ˲ͻɽ˭ϺȺϺ֪ϺﱾΪʤ̭ﾺĪǡ
һȺĺ˵ϴ㽫ϿǴߵĵͨ
ϿǣƲضԱǽиҴĵӣ⡣޷Լ˻Ϥ飬һж޴ԤϡϴˣӦ֮С֮ܶѲ⡢ˮ
ţеʮ̳ͽТλ顭
ݵ£ֻʹ졭
ǺǣϴСͷԹ˳ӡ
ˣоƽ
Ѩ֮УֵΧʯ鳩ܵĵϣŰվ̳ӡģת֮ȥһʮꡣϣƬ̵ɡ⺣ĶѨ֮У͵ðհС
Ц̸޼ɡ
ϴһ̳ƣҪʮ̳Ҫûꡭ
š
磡ɶʱҲһأڸֻռϴıˡ
б˲ռǻ𡭡
Ƥļһ
ߣϴҰھƣһ̳ʮ̳ҲûСֵܣⲻּҡ
ⲻּң˻⣬
ϴĪǾˮҡ
ףϴԵηŶˡ
뻢ͷ˵Цͣ
һʮ̳֮أԶһַʯһץž̳ĬĬȻתˡ죬ԳǾζŨ캮䣬ģ˭֪ء
ͻȻðһֻʹ뻢ͷ˫˫һֵ̲֮ס
ϴȻ˫ȫȴܡҲʧʱҲгԿεľȣҲļ̻¶Ȼʵϴһλֵ׷ֵܣ
һСʦƵ̵ܽжԡſӣտںķӪɵȺáʱħԪǿʢ֮ʣаҲħʹȻ⡣
֮Уթͬڣ档ħۣУֻͬĶѣ֮Сգһв󡭡
һ¾̳ӣ뿪ʯվˣ˵ȻˡˡˣҸԱչЪϢ̧һֵָͷÿ䶴ô࣬ǻ
ͷ۵ϴɴҪ˻ͷСˡ
һڰֲٶ˵ߵѨĽ䴦һ㾧ʯƣ漴һɵĹâ֮С
ͷ̳ӡᡱһʯϣ޹óΪβ̡ܽܽ
ȴȥ䶴ƱҪٻ˵ؽơϴ˵Ӳ޵ķʸҺúЪЪһڶѨѰ˿ط־꣬â˸Ƴ֡Ǻһ֣ȥӰ
״ͷΪȻϺǣнģԹ˽оһ˶پȤ뿪ʯ͵ϥһö鿴ϴĽʵ򵥣ݻҲһƬ̣Ӱɣ𡭡

ǿ֮Уһ׳˶Ӱֹסȥơ
ɴǰȥǧǧڡһ׷˴һȺҰħǷصǧʿ֮⣬ûӰ
ֵˣȥ˺δ
֮У˲ءϿˣϤǧѲ˸ϵұؽͬˮΪ˾һǻ
ȷǧģַġǸԭڳĶܣں޼ʵǿ֮ѰټסȻħ֮Ȩλˣʵϡ
׳˶ӰԶķ͸żɻ󡭡

һӰŶ
벻ԶҶ˸ɫԷ΢΢ҡͷԡתߣʵһ·׷ᣬΪ
ʦֵ뿪Ұħ֮󣬱߾ȫʩչݷȾλħĵĸ˲δ׷ǧĵľһֱԶԶ档ȻԶģͣʸԷͼֻѰ·
أ΢΢Թ˷˵գҪ׷λѲס
ɱһʢͷ߳ٲ⣬Īĳ顭
Ϊ裬һЦ˵Ե֮ΪԶ£˾Ƕ֣۹һת˵Ϣи֮ףٲչأֻΪ
ɫԲٿҶǺʮɣɷǳ׼Ҫֵƣ
æֵλ˲޶⡭Էгɣû˵̷Ѫɷչһ޷ǻǷȱԵʣʵϧѰɻʵľת֮ؽˮɡ
žĳѪɷԾת֮
ҡͷתָ֮֮ͬľ硭
ɵε֪
һЦѵĪˣɻµӡһ٣пֵй飬Ҳ¶ǲȻֺα׷ǷɻʵĵմӣҲᡣת֮˵ȴ
߳Ȼˣ׷ã񾭡Ȼ٣ѵóĲɡ
ɻԪԣж桢תӡ˲Ϊɳɡȵȡ
ŲæҵȻòȴЯġ
ɫһתҶԷҲ΢΢ȻżܵɫһֱľתѪɷδ⡣ܻʾµģνԵ
Ǻǣ˭λ֪
һĨ֮ǻת⣬Ҳʦֵܵ£ɵһЦ
ҶЩϲĹ飬ǷҪ˵˾ħ֮Уʦֵܾʹ˻ת
Цɣ˵ѽСӵʵ֪ϡħǡ
Ҷһһ
΢΢˵ͷ
ҶⲻǸˡ
ʼžһһԷαԴ㵣ʵкƾݣ
ĵˣӦüǵãʦλͽΪ䵱걳ǧĶԶʾҲ֮䲻һĴˣЯġкƾݡ
ôʣ϶ֵһֵĽǵԳһ챦λ֪ȴ̰
ɫƬ̣˵й¶һֻΪ໥¼ɣձħǵıӻԱҵлɳˡ
ͷĬϡ
ȴɫһ߳ԭɳǱڤԵɣΪ˹ʡ
ЦЦ⣬̹ȻɴߣСڡλ޴ȥִų˵һ룬ⲻ
꣬ɫתϣҲ¶ЩЦݡ


1349 Ϲź
֮йգ˻ʵһʱա
ħĵľλǿƻع飬һռҰħǡҶȥνħ֮ҲӰ١
Ⲣ
ħʿĶ֪ڸߣϳ͡ȶ֣Ч֮󣬱ħĿأҴԹۺЧ
һ£ħǽλ˲δʹգʼ˻ĸķ紵ݶ
ǧھȥ֣ȴԴ޶ԡת֮󣬱伣û˶µҪһ棬Ը
ǧıĲ˲ءţһȺ˺ƺƵؼҵʱֻʣµʮбܽˣϿҲӰޡһʱ֮䣬³Ʋҵ
µĴǰˡ
еߣǶʦֽǰԡɣȴһ
ӣǶǰĿյأɫ͸ĮȻ

֮󣬽ǰڳص̾Ϣһ˵ħǧбʣҲ޴󰭡ΨأȫûΪߣʦСʦҲ˭ڰѵȫ֪͸ԹһʹĵΡ
֮ǰʦֱϿİٱ񲻽Сʦ˫˫ѣȥڶ֡˵ԭȵĻǧġħķͥȴΪΪСһҡԳܵǣ˴һȻ֪˭
˵ʦ֡Сʦ;зֱ֣رաе飬޴ӵ֪أƤؽֵҴĵɱ˼ͼǧʿŵ
ǰſڴ϶ʵΣ˴ƴȴΪƾѽָ֤סû˵꣬˫ȭգָڴ죬һ˦̲ס߳Ϊʦܣ޹׿ʦСʦöרأɵѴ̡
΢գĬĬѵ⡣
ǰԵĻһʱסŭΪ˿𣬾ȻǧĵڡңǴ˼ˡ˵ȴҪƾʵݡʣҪٲ֮ء
Ҳʵʵ˵ſڴƻأʲôƾʵݣ
£۹΢̧£˵ʦ֣ΪʦСʦӦû
ǰ̧߳رȥ㻹ǲ򡣴ʦСʦüȻûںδЩŭɶֵҵңֲȥչʡߡ󲽶ȥתŶӰ
ԭأһź͸Ϻ졣֮Ż̤ն𣬶һ˷Զ
뿪ڵ켾ȣԹȡ
ɽȣãɡǹȵؼդӡֻդ˼ڣеҰ˳ȥȻɽϢ׳ȺˮϣˮĽӰϷ
ڳߵĲԶΡĬĬߵһϤɽ֮ϣ漴ϥ¶̧
̻ǵã˴оƮ㣬п̸ЦֵĬδŶĸεա
֪䣬ǰֳտƵ龰΢΢ʧһĨЦ⡣꣬Ȼһ̾
תȥһ˷ǡ
ʦûйֵҲû䡣֮ʣĵ˲ضķңȻԶԶһӰȴϾ˭ϴԺ󣬱˴Ե˵뿪ħǣ֪ȥ˺η
ȻƬ̣˫չǰһ೤ĺɫƣˣɷǲ
ǷѾ֮£źòѰõ񡣱ʦֽǰԸһȴ֮Ǩŭˣףֻѵʹ
Ȳѣһֻܾʹգ
ʦִ³ȣСʦΪʮͬУ˭뵽⣡ԼΪѰ񣬺δ֮У
⣬ǧͼı죬еΪ֤ʦֽǰȴȫ޼ƽϣֻԹ
ˣʦƢұѸģαһʶĻᱻʦȦԣ
ֻģû˴ʦСʦãûһֵܣ˼ĵطڤڤֻ֮㱾ţʦСʦȻš

ˮ粨
Զȥĵһƽ
һ޴Ľʯ֮ϣһӰȻ
ڱչأͷں˯һݳѨȥȫΪһ˺ߡ
֮ϣǾʧģˬż˻İʹΪ֮һ
ĹµԲǧɽïʢ羰еĹ졢ź߷壬ֱΪԭӵС˵źΪϹ塣Ϊ֧ȴͬͬԴദǢ
Ϲ壿
һ󺣷紵һĳƮͷеƣɫ͸żֺ档
ΪԭԱڵϳ硣вӡźĵΣм򵥵ע⡣棬ǿСϹš롰塱մ˿ԭӦΪϹź壬ֳƹź塣
ĺƫƧ֮أΪԶʱ龰ңԶϹǺģ޴֪
ǰȻ
һûлͷӦԭѡ˴ޣʶһӼʶŽãѱ˲
һλߴڽʯ֮ϡ´һ漴΢΢ǷЦָӼʮأǰ֮Ϊʤǰ
ת֮䣬ʮعȥĪ˵ɣҿˮ꣡
˷ޣǽΪ˶ڵĴɡʤǰ̸ϣдˣħӡ֮ħӡһõĿˣ
һ۹һƳ΢Цף˵
ԭλǰ˶Ѩ֮һֱڵ϶ҾšպԷæǰʺ
һʵźԼҰ֮أ쳣
ԭϥִʮǰݲĸַٺ֮쳣ħǣ˵λΪ־ϿʹħΣСǰȴηڡоˣ£ʵǰΪħ֮Եˡ
ͼڣ
һ붼룬̸ɴػһ䣬ֵźһ壬Զţұ֮ڡ
ԭһЦȻǰˣϹ壬ɣ֮ء
һɫ΢ٿһԶ
Ψɣعֹû˭˼磬ǷˣˣĳС꣬԰ֻС
һĬȻƬ̣еƣʵϹźк˵ܷͽһ
ԭûʵ⡭


1350 ֮
Ǻ֮ϵһɽ塣
ڷ֮ϣһʮɸߵľʯ򺣷硢ʴʯ˲⼣ȥ߲ɣԶӡеһȴΪƽп̺Լɱ档
ʱһվھʯǰ̧
֮ǰɻ󣬱㱻ϡײҵӴԷϤ⣬ͬԭ˹źһ֮󣬶иˣǰڴ˹Ħż
˶Կʯ£ʯϵʯ̣ǹźıǵ潵ٺ龰
ԭ˵⡣
Ϊ⣿֮ϣ֮䡣
ңԶ֮ǰ񺣵㣬뷨һȥĽˡ֮ۣʶȵȡǺϹԾӣȥĪܵ鵱湩
ź⣬ҸȣδĸĹעش£ҲԶµ˻
Ҫ֪ĸΪĴ˵иŷ顣ˣΪȻ̻ǵãУϹŻþԭ׺񲢲İʱĳ˵⡣ȻڵĹź壬Щ
һǰлͫ֡
ǾʯΣʯҲǷ˵ֱʡģĿ̺УϡԱͼ۴ģӰں֮ϣһһŮ漴һȺ˹Ĥݵĳ棻б˴˴ӵڣ۴Զȥ龰
һ֣ĶһС֮
͸۴״ǵھõһΪۡ
һ۾ֶʯ̣ɵ΢΢ҡҡͷ
۲һʿеķ˵ĲöƾɣȴΪʹáʯϵķۣȴԴԽ졣ԶᲢۣ
ź⣬Ǿ֮ԶԼĪ⣬޴󡣶ݴɻʡħԼʾԶ죬û˵зۺɡݣָδԽ
һۣĬȻźĵ伮һȴ漴աȻ;ڴˣעԵΪã
һ̣֮ϵһУƽ¡
ֹȥ˰ʱ嶥ϵĻӰƮȻȥ
һڹźĶѨ֮һʶɣδŷأٴε˺ߣһⲽС
̲ϰɳƻǧĹµ䣬޺ۡɽƵԼһʱ֮䣬ʹȻң
ǰаͱͻأ𣬷޸ն˺̲סȥ·
һȴǽ²̤ͣն𡣺ºبһεĽݣббȥƬ֮ѵ֮֮ۡɲǣҷһ裬ǿҲ졣ȻֻٷĿ⣡
ʱ˿̣ĿǺ裬ȴ泩
һĬȻüͷǳ꣬ʩʩȻϥ£˫Ŀ΢ض硣
Դ뿪ģǶȥ˵ΪһأҲЩԸް䡣ˣǶ˼ǿС¶ڹźϣǳԶ֮ơֽȥδӣ
ħǻزȥˣûԼ˺Ƥ֮ǰҾԶ֮
ǰģͷҲ롣ϿȬʱѰǧı֮աĳʵԸҵķΪУҲǸ˶Թ˶ϣ
Ѱһ˼ĵط䲻ֱΪʱپĳǵСη֮ҲΪ˾֮ȴԣ
ҪѰĺƵ䣬ܲߺĵࡣǧģǵ˵Դ֮ءôǰǧģڱСգкη
֪ⰵ̶ĺɫĺ϶ҹ١
ڵнɽƶɣֱ庣߶ͱ˰Ƴҡҷҹɫ֮УһɶϢȫް뵽֮ⷽ䣬һۺʯڳżįȴ
ҹ֡
Ƭֻ̣Ǻ쾡ͷǵϼ̲ȾѪʱֽŭţ֮Ŀ
һȻӾйâ˸ʱһ㵭Ľɫ͡ü֮ǵӡǣ΢΢ͻԶڳһҹҲڰ
һͷ˼
˶ڴɵΪ֮󣬾Ѫ뷨Ϊһ塣ʱľ֮Уȴ·һ˿ΪǿڻǰδУֲİ
һ⡣۹ǰɵɫһ
֮£һ͸űɫĽ֮УȻ
ϴһΪܶˣ
ǡڴʱͷĴɤŴԶ𡣶Цδֹ׳˶Ӱѵɽ֮ϣ顱һ˫أʱһƬɷ顣
һŲԶ˫ѾӣͷҲֲ̧Сܶء
ţ˴羰ͷɽתȦӣɷµظпһ䣬ֲҵЦϴ󣬾Ǿ̤ʵֵٲֿܷˣΪѰϴ󣬺ǳһͷºҪΪ䣡ǸˣʵڵĻеҲ¶
һվֳ̧ŻͷһȭӦֻҪ˵̤շкѾ
ͷζż򣬺ǰһȭ̹ЦǼһ֮ʣͻȻҶˣ᲻һء
ֵܶ˷֮ʣһֻͷһƳ
ϦɲǣػȻǧڼǷڱŰ׻޴Ӵݻٵĺڰζ֮ҪΪǿ󡭡
Ѩ֮Уʯǰ֮󣬲λֵܣȴδȥԭصȺ򡣵һŻͷأЦӭ֪ϴ󲻻ԶȻ
һЦʾ⣬ǰ
ͷߵǰµ˵ֵܣ㵹񰡣
ΪȻϴ£ʼաϿڴ˴ֲܡ˺һɫֵСͷ֮Ϊͻƶ֮ס
ͷһͦظԵõ粻˯ѣ˭Ϊֽһס˲ѽһߴЦһ´漴ɫһŵ˵ֵܣ㾹ȻǶڵԲ
ʼͷת˵ϴ󣡱ϿǵΡ
һߵ˶Ѩľͷյʯǰͣ½Ų
˹Ա߻һλץĻͷ
һδ𻰣лͫ˸꣬Ӷ˫֣˲ѳȥʯϵĽơ
˻ϵܡ
ʦ֡


1351 ϴ
ڵʯңбϿڱչˡƴ򿪵˲䣬˴ʦֵĶϿһкѰ˹ȥٺط꣬ʦСʦһп
ǵָֻġɣС԰׶ڱϿʾ£ֻüչչ֮ǰڿһڻͷ۹УȻУ
Ͽǻָߡ˳ɣֻ»϶ʮ귽Ȭȴأһʱչء
ͷɽû˳ȥ
ѨеʯǰԶ
ҵڣҰһµΪź֮йգұŵʦڴˡʮȥǷš
һ򵥵ԭίֽºĵĴһֽһ䡣
Ͽδȴߴɣٶ֮Ȼ͸صơ֮ʣǲɵó̾һƵ϶ƣɫ꣬ſɬĿǻ˵֪ұϿûһϢưոݡһףؽս𡣶Ĳشѩϼ˪ϵ֮ģϸ֪ܲ
һЦЦ˵ϣΨн޴
Ͽҡҡͷ޵ǵǰƢҸãԸҪǳӲźáƹܣʵİ
һοʱգѵĴķ֪ҰĽҲˡ
ϿҪӦʲôʵϵܣħ֮ԵǶȥҪ֪ħͷʢ
һΪȻǿкãƫžĹƻ󣬱ĳʾ֮£ҲֻĶˡ
Ͽ΢΢ȻΪɻء
һԽ龰ʵ֪ЦʣʾĳϣǷģ
ϿַӺһԼӶ֮󣬸ſЦʾҪ˭ϴתζ̾ҲʾΣзǷ֮롣Ȼȡãֺηء
һ˱Ͽǵұܹһ֮֡Ժ¶ζ顣Ͽ˷شЩˣŪıƣǾ˵Ķ֡ٲΪ˫ؽ
Ͽһ̧ɫ˵ϵܣջתұλ͡ӴԺ㵱ҡǰԡǣǧ£ƾʹվ֣عһ
ǿĲͬǹΪ֮⡣ֻҪһǿˣȻǳϿ˽ģȴҲʮ㡣ĹͳʵҪһ
һæܣǰһ̧У˵ʹá
ϿȴǲźеĹִֵϵǲӦԴ
ǰд˼ȻΪ֮ϻ̳Ͽ֡ʱããȥѰһŵĵطʱ˼ʣѲաĳ˼ȻûħǷϣȥ̰Ȩλ
һһΪѵ˵˺ʵܲ𰡣ĳ²Ͼˡ
Ͽ˫ִ񣬳ϿҰģ
һ̧°ͣƬ̣Ŵһ˦ֵˣֻ˽գĳѰѾԻ
Ͽ̧ͷȻ桭
ĳһ֣Ӧ棡
Ϊ治棿޷νˣ֮Σ˭Ҳ֪
ϿҪľǶǵĳŵʱֱͻЦϵͷҲ
һǰ£ȴֻһת˵ĳѴͽ̣
Ͽǰλʯһ㣬Ц⣬ϵֺηֳأʣϸ֪޲ԡ
ˣٲùĨǡһ˲˵һĺô
һЦͷ£ʵǷ֪۵飬ۿԼλǰ֮䣬ǷĳЭ
Ͽ΢΢һ
һʵɻʵۿмλմӣ˾֮⣬ǧĻûĸˡ
ϿЩ㵡ԽԽŹ֣
һȴʵΪγΪ˾еͽγߺģֽ֣󡭡
ϿĬȻһʱ֪
һǶɣ΢΢Цɫڴ
Ƭ֮󣬱ϿεҡҡͷȻȣܲܳ鳤룬Լӻ룬һ۵飬ΪĲ֪ʦģʦἰתޣЦ̸ڣ֮չزֱԶ⡣λǰ޴Э˴лȻʵϵܣ˵񾭡٣ת֮йأ
һ۹ǰİʯ֮ϣ˼۵Ȼ¡ȣɻʵۿԾת֮ഫΨħλǰգԻȥˡ񾭡Ծ󻼡ϲСܵĲ²ѣΪƾ
ϿΪȻһ˵ˡڣʦħʱȻԶרעھת֮֮ҵཫΪݡɴ˿ɼۿɻ֮˼Զǰ
ɻ˼Զǣƫƫֽ˲ƲԪ֮С˾Ȼħʣȴڶ˽ͣ
һ£ʾϿ˵
ϿһŽŷŵʻңԶ£Ψвĺ˻ܼǵáۿɻʵĿɽӣڻ۵֮ǰӡʱһʥ֮˵
һͷһϵǴʦ֡λʦǧġħĵĸ֣ʶʥֱ֮Ϊаɣ
ɣϿ߶һ䡣
һ۹΢漴ʵû˵ʥ䣿
ʥΪ֪ĶϾ˼Ͽŵ˵Ҽǵüʦλŵӣɣ֮䲻ʱδ⡣ͬͬ˰ɡ
һδɣǵЦЦ
ͬͬˣħҲһλŵĵаɣаǡռȫħޡǼΪεǧʥɻʱΪħʡʵֱʡ
һЩңȴɫ糣ʣңǧ֮⣬޸˴ڣ
ϵ⣬ѹֺ֪飡Ͽ˵֮ʣһǿ϶ԷԼҵ۹⡣
һ޿ּǷˣ񲻾Ĳѡѿ߶磬ȴʵ䷴ĳ֮Գϴ֮Ըˣ
Ͽ˵ǧ֮ǿ󣬲ںĵκһҡֻɻԶȥжڶֹɽ֣ʹþһ룬ֵۼ򣬵޸ϵ
һֱӣʾСϴ


1352 źб
ӱϿ˵е֪츳Ϊǿ񲻷˻ĵ
꣬۵ɻǰҰħʡۡʱǣҹܣһʿɢ֮أħν
ʴȥİ֮ȴٳٲ˻תĶ
ǺֱǰħҪѰ˭ҸҲû䣬޴ӲѰ鼱Σ²ʦԼϻﺦˡ飬ԷԼ˻ĵĸ·־ȻѷӵΨһԵɣǽʾ
־ŭ϶֮ǰĲ²⡣ʦۿһֱΪѰ֪ġʾй¶ȥħʴĸܽˣ
Ͽ˵ʦʴӻ۵֮ʣҲ֪顣ʾԼʶĴţȴټٶϡͬǰ಻סҲǰǧĶһ̽ʵ
Ǹ˫Сͷö֮ʣǧĵҲиֱʾϢŭִ£սڱ
󷳲ʤ԰ѣ֮£Դ뿪˺Ķ֪ȥ֮УλʦܡõĶҲƽϢ
ǧȥȻɻʵ䣬֮صĸִȴе˵ɻˣе˵ȥ⣬Ҳ˵ħʲ󳾶ȥȵȡ
ȴͻȻⷵأɻʵӵͳϽǧġ˵ԷڣǱƵһЩֹɽ֣ȴǳΪǧ𡭡
Ѩ֮УһʯǰĬȻ
ϿѾʯңűչȥˡϿЩܲһ׷ʣƣɴҪ֪ԼԪǲˣȴҪȥʮǰ£ʵ಻ԡչ֮ǰûһ䶣ʮϸһͬġ
һһϽ«֡СһھƣĪس¡
֮䣬Ҫ໥޲¶̹ΪĲףϿ˷ٺǶĳ˹˼ɡԻг룬Ҳûſڿӣ
ǽ֮ǰ֪Ͽ˵໥ӡ֤һк񲢲Բ²⡣ϸϸȴɵء
ɻ뿪ǧĶǰ֮ʣȻ澭̫ؾԼƵϤʦͽɼһߡ
󲻼ɻʹ϶ҪʦİΣǰħѯʾ֮СŽأ¸ҵĵơʱΣȻ͸ֹ졣
ɻʳʾ֪ӦòࡣԵλͻȻֵ֮ð˻ķأ֪ʱħæת֮Ͼˡô˭©˷
鼱֮£ֻ뿪ġȻջǾѰ
ȻʦͽҲԶĲͬɻʶԴǧʥ˶죬Ʊصʦֵ֮۶¼ɡǷΪ˺ĻȻ޴ӵ֪
ǧʥֺ˴ʦѳɶۡ񲻷ҲûнԷͬʦܣ֤ͬɿ̻ǵãڵ˸û¡
ȻˣɻʵۿֺαҪǧʥΪͽͲֵǽǧģ˵ΪֱַħҸԵ͸ɺϡ֪Σֻо˵
⣬ɻֻȥ񾭡ת֮ѵֻΪ˻ȡħʵһʱЭ˼򵥣ħӡʽִӺϤǬʽħӡħʧ
ɻʼȻܴʾȻǲǳȺ֮ǿľΪʹħʸʰ·硣Ծת֮ԷķڷԻȥ񾭵ĴۣħʽħӡʽⲻԶҪ⣬ԱħĵһҶ
ɻʽһд֮󣬱ĵ뿪ĶԶ߾졣³⣬ĴӻǱ˺ûɢô֮ǰˣǧʥΪףɻʱ˵Ĺʧ˵Ϊ֮
һɣϽ«ֱȴšȻƬ̣һ˦վ˼ҡͷɫΡ
˷һУѴµĳ˳δ壬˲ܲȥֻǽĺͿ
ˣ˼벻áõˮʯʱԼ
һԭ˼һ٣˲ѵ˶Ѩɽ֮ϡԲ鿴һ·ֱǧ֮ȥƬ֮ǰȥԻȵͷ÷
һɽȣɽֻƣΪԴӵΪľˡʱĹȵ֮УһƬҵľ
ֻʮλʿȺ鼤ȴһķߺޣȴмɵֻô¶Ǵѡ˵ĵ䣬һ̨׵ķʯ̨ʮɴСŰزбڰȻӡеǳĬΨлͷһֿһְֳɷغģٲȥүҪˡ
Ϊ׵ߣԭŭΣڶ˫֣ͷǰźʥ㣬ԵҪȥ
ͷ°һ̧ɤţɱ⣬զء
ԭѽⲻȥѰǰֹ
ͷ͵ؾе׺ݺݵŵĸϴŻңִ򡭡
ǡڴʱһϺ˵ͷ֮һӰƮȻ˲ڲбǰʯ֮ϡ
ԭһæǰ
ͷʱһͣס˺һ֣üŪۣϴ󡭡
Σǰһӭû˵ϴ³򡭡
һûλֵܣǳԭȹź˹ǸȻЦλ԰꣬ĳᣬǶʮͷģߴ׳ĻͷһλͦεˣƣԼŨüһ˫۹⣬ȴη
֮˲䣬һ
ͷٰԼ˵æʹɫ̲ס˵ϴ󣬲ֻͷδ䣬ֻڨڨ졣
һŻͷһۣתʾԭѣԭί
λǰ˵òᣬȴֹõжȣȻֹһü޵Σ򽫾ʹ˻⡣
ʯ̨ĶʮԶ⣬ʮλʿѸ˷ԭ˵ͷֶ˶Խǰһٹһ񣬵˴أ˲ڡǹʣͷǰǰ衣λǰɷ˵е鼱֮¶ڲԡͷǰǿд룬һ˹źʯǿµʯһƱؽ֡ǰ칫ϡ
ԭǰԭίʵ˵ҲƫСڻͷԾЩԿµ˵ԭ㲻ܱذʱֵܶ;˴羰Ҫһ˭ҵӳԲѷ޿̶ʢŭǲһʯͷͳթߡߺֳһʾ磬˵ǲͷͣһ㣬ֱͦ˵ϴɲƫһ֮ʡ
һתɫɻ
ͷæҡԴźЦ
һȴûỢͷ̧žԵ˲б֮ǰ漴лͫ˸꣬ɫһ


1353 Ϲ
һزбǰһ
ͷһʯͷɶÿģϴôˣ
źһȺʿͬǲԣΧʯ̨̧
һͻȻԽصʯмٴǰԳŹ˸ߡߴϸĲбץ˹ȥʯΪѰʯͣȥ޳֮֮ʣϺһɫĹâ̽ȡֱ͸ʯ룬ȴգ֮ٿȻת˿ɫꡣ
״ͷڹ˽Ȼѡ
һϵĹâȻɢȥȴֶһԲ̡Сӯ磬ƽּʶ鿴ѼߡǻȻһҲѹֲʯб֮ж֡ʯرһ㡭
ͷ̽ͷ̽Եسһۣתֿ졣˼ƣʯͷﻹܼ񵽱Ҳֻϴ£
ᣬأԱŰվһԡԭôν֦ͷȻʯԼ㲻⡣ͬʿࡢѣǺֵܡϴʲĵһ仰ĳ
ԭҲû뵽блֱ̲ס־ϲ
ҵͣһ˽
ʯԭⰡ
̱ȻϹǺǣҹźһ壬ɴ˶ˡ
Ϊβгἰе伮Ҳ޼ء
ϹĪ⣬ۡ
λǰ᲻졭
βҵȵ
ԭΨԶʧæ˰ʾ⡣䱾ͬѽǰǱ
һܵһгţȻ̶˼֣꣬̽ڳһöհ׵ӳ֡ɲǣ糤ǲأȻ顱һը÷顣
˶ĿȻ
ԭɻǰ
һȥмͬɫ㵡˼֮󣬾ȻٴóһöհԼӡԭʵϵ֡
ԭæ˫ֽӹʶ鿴ϹģȻ֪࣬ȴǿϵáƬ̧֮ͷãȻ飬϶š졭
ǸʲôźһǶû˵ɣӦþǱơ
һ΢΢˵ͷ漴һİõؽ̸
λǰȻᱦȺһɧ
ԭɫãǰǱ˵ǱΪźУ顣ߣȴηǰԼҵľˣлӦ֮塣ֻǱϵȫ£ܾûˣǾʹ˵λˣźͬǴͷ
һ۹ӹܣǸȻֵܻȥ˹źôأĪɡ
޷޷ġԭһ˵꣬ڶ˫֣˵֮СҲűۼİΣôظֵһᡣϹȣһССʯʲôأ
һ΢΢һЦ˵˱ãһ֮ĳȻὫԭ起ʧˡ԰գ̧ŷʯֱ̨ʱĹźȥͷ÷Ը
һֲµ⣬ô֮С
ԭȻԭأĪԡֱӰ̶źʧȥӰŻûʧسһԸǰǸ֮ˣֻรˣ
ǡڴʱһλߴԶ
ԭԸеʯ֮ӭ˹ȥкһѡ
ǵѣҲԭദѣסԷԱޣŵöҪǰ鿴һһֻһصʯزбɾ˼˺£
ԭɽһɽΣŵݹ򣬲ǰԭί˵һ顣
״е֣ʱһŵϹȻΪҵȺµϹǰǿȡ᣿ֵܲѰǰֹ
ԭæȰ򲻿ɡ
ЩֵͣкβɣѵҪӱߡ
ԭεһ֮ƽϡ

Ѩ֮С
뻢ͷʯǰ˴˴۵Сۡ
ʮĽаããšһϴµĽƣҪЩʲôá
һ£һ֮ϴĥ͸ϹеŻ磬ﻹʲôԭ赹黹ɴധűת˵ˣ
ͷֱԴһûκΡ
ҲȤָͷԡûʯȤϴæ㻹ļ̳ؾó
ͷһһ̳ؾƣãû
ָ̧ͷѵһԵСоãǱܼ尾
ͷ°ͣţеӡһתȴֹЦ¸£ֵˣһ̳ƣջʮ̳ϴ顭
Ҳˬ죬Ӧɽ
ͷռ˱ˣŴó̳ؾơ̳δأѱ־æ̳
תѰԶĿյ£ֻǰ̳ӣ˵˾ѱ£Ҫһ̳̳
թ
ͷʱŭԼľԼֹһթ˵ãֱǼթ˼£
Цˣ
꣬ǰЦթʱСӻûͶ̥ءЦһգпҡͷֽ̳ӷһԣζֵദ޼䣬͸ǴҲãҲֵáϴؽᱻˡ
ͷֻ̳ӣԹߣ
ֵû󹤷̳һһ˵סɵ˱Ŀ붨
ת֮䣬¹ȥ
Ѩк΢Ķ漴Źâʧ
ͷһûһشź࣬ȴͻȻ׵Цѽϴ
ͬӦվ𣬸˹ȥϴǡ
һȥ˽ƣϥеڲϹ˫һʯ
ͷҲǽסһס˺
ʯж۴ϸ̣߳һĿӨ񣬲ɢųұ˵
ƣ񣿡
һ̧ۿλֵܣЦ˵ǻΪ֮ǰãҳԽɷ
ͷ£µҼʶһϴֶΣ
ͷ͵в֪ϴҪƺַĿԴ
ֵ˾ƣгһͨٵȺʮգЩͷˡĿϴʱ˼ȤǶڼ£ɷµعĦ
һִ̧һƻ桭
㣬ʮչȥ
һɷ׻ǰһѳ೤Ļɽ
ֻǷɽޱУÿȴһƬСӯ͸׻ɫǳұ˶ɱɭȻϿ֣
ͷ޲ڣϴ˵á
һҲЦݣԼ֮⡣ɽ䲻ÿȴҲ̫ª
ɻϴⷨ԰ԵΪū
һ˵˽͸ǣѾͷֵԵٱɣ
ͷȻ۷Ź⣬ĦȭƵϴǰδ


1354 ػĶ
źɽ֮䣬ʿ޵ڡɢںܵļССĴ䣬зϢĵطûԳ٣ǷҪԵƳʮصĶݣиĻиľʣ
һˣһССĴӡ
ӵܣ˸ֹʵ۵ľСԣïʢҰɴءǰݺиڱ֯ɣ飬кͯЦϷˣϯضĿ񡣼׳ڻҤǰ̳ޣҲĵģȻţӶһƬеʱ֮У
˳ıӻ֮£Щ˺󱲣ȻǷ˳ʳǣ䲻д˰ݣӣ
վԭָ̧˵
Ǳ̲еĴ䣬ľҡҷȥԶɽֶƮ졣źʵһԶ볾Ķ츣أ
һԶɫĪ
д˰ݣȻΪˣӣû˵ıӻֵΣЩʳǣ˰ݡзֻ꣬ǲܣ
뻢ͷվһͬЦݡǺʤȤҪ۳޼ɣĽ泩
ԭԵ׻˸ɫתżֲ飬һ֮δǰҪԶС̻գټ͡
һҡͷ˵ʮ꣬ĳйⲻȥһǶһԲ̣ʾ˹źġԭ赹黹
ԭͬʱһæ˫˫ǰȥӣ漴ײһ𣬼æֹ໥βѡ˴˵ɫУȴǶ˼
һŲԶ֮ˣЦЦֽ̧꣬ԭ
ԭӹ̶˫ָеϹ١ϾϸۣҴҽ֮
ȴһ˦䡣
һλߵ飬˵֮ǰĳл
ûпֻǾַ¡
ԭͻһЦǰԸ
һһ˵ֵȻ뿪ĵλȴԭչˡ֮ǰþţ©вݣһŭ֮µƽ˹źʱν֮ԤҲмǡ
ԭ׽һֲɡ
ǶѨڻλˣǰ以Ƶѣزǵ֮
һ˵еϹͨͼ;Ϊĺвȥ֪
׾һʱ۳ȶϹȻ󡣶ͨͼѵѽԹйؾĴ˵֣ȴʼѰˡǿԿ磿
ԭ΢΢ʧ񣬻Ȼԭˣǵȥ֮ʣͼ̷ʯ֮УֻԵˡ
һλԾԾԣʵֵûжڵΪ봩Խ졣ǵ˵İΣΪ֮ԾڴˣˡվûӻƮ
뻢ͷȲ˲ѻ⡣
״ԭæ͡
һɣֵͷʵźԶΪ
Ƿ;˴˭֪ء
ԭ룬صػĶ
һһ٣˼ػߣ˵ǺǡЦЩĵضĪĳԣ֮ӡδ䣬ӰͻȻģ漴ʧ
ԭŰңңֵʰһܵתҪתѣҽһ
·ףڴ
ԭ붼룬־ܾﲻ⴫ǻţأڼԺ˵һԷҴææԶ
ԭɫء

ʱ֮󣬾еֵ˾һ
ǿյķҺ޼ʡ˼䣬ʱľΪ泩
ͷЦĳ죬ϵ£ݺᰡ
λڶѨڱʮ꣬Ҳʵס˼ޣͲɤӺһˡ
ǻ׿ʱҰʵϴҾʹǰδ
ͷΪȻֻҪǰħĵǼϼһ¾ȥáͻȻʲôæµ˵ϴΪ˵߾أûܴѾͷʵʧأ¸¡װģһ䣬漴̲סЦ
һɣƱҪȭˡ
ǿ֮У˵Ц⣬ȴ벻ļӳʶ֮һֵȻٲȥ֦ǡЦ
뿪ź֮ʣһڶеʯһƵġ𡱷ɽһһöż뾪Ͽʦãֻżӡһλ˵²Ƕ𣬴Եٻᣬȵȡ
أԶϵļƣɫȴϡһҡҡͷ˼ǲҪŻͷĺ˵˵תɻϴĽǡ˹ź
ͷʲŻڵ٩ȡЦգۼѽȭͷɾս͵ϴ˵ǰ棬ʵ÷ֵǰһȦȥ·Ѱ
һЦ̧һӡ
֮˲䣬˵ͷ֮Ϻһâ漴һƬûĹŻƯȻֻɵĴСȴǺܲΪ»ƣΪĪ⡣һʶУʱתĻ㱣ȴĳ̾ѣ
ͷĿƬ̣ʱֵ𣡹ֲϴˣԭѽͼ¡
龰ɫȻ
һȴǻһ˦ڰеĹѸʧλֵҡҡͷ˵ͼ֮ʶ֮ǿչһɶѣξ¡
ǰлϤ־ءڣֻǵһص졣޼ʣûͼ֮ϵİأħǸƣΪɡϡ¡ۡ䡢ࡢ΢֮޾ɴ˿֪
ʲϴһûͼȻ̾Ϊֹȴȫһɣ
ͷһȻ쾹Ȼ֮ͼȥ˷·ɰ
ҲǴ⣬Ȼϴӹźблá֮ʱȻԡ
ڹźб֮ǰһóհ漴顣ʱ˲뵽еʱķ˵ͷҲ˹ͼѼǣûˡͷġ
뷨Ҳ򵥣ûеĶֻᣡ
һȴǲʣͷĪǰ죿
ͷҡԴֱ׳»ֵȥõĵط𣿡
һüһ˱ãһǧģ۹ʾ⣬תֱԶȥ
ͷ󺰵˵ϴ㻹ûһء
˼¶Ц⣬ԽͷߴٵݵÆ£ٱһΡ
ͷ׷㲻ɡ
⻮ǿա


1355 ǧ֮
ԾѹȥһʮꡣΪġ顱ѲڡֻǺ嫵İ֮Уһչ˴ѭŹеĹ켣أڻתϢ
һ֮۳ҵֹסȥơ
ֵȻûкĵͼԶѭȴҲû˳էʱãȻȥĴ·ֵܷ
һλֵܾһ׷£㲻׺СմʱͣһڰԶв졣
ûƬ̵ĹһһԶת֮䣬Զֳ׳Ӱ
漴뻢ͷתء˻δϴ󣡺ιʳǰ
ͷ뵱ȻЦ𣬶ߴˡ
ֵ໥׷𣬲ȫһ£ǵȫƣ̬ǱӾ
һԶջʶĻͷ˵ҵȷʮ֮⣬ǧڡֻ۹һԵϣֵƻƣʿפءóȻǰȥⲻݡ
ͷȥķ򣬶תһզ˵ֵܣʶϴΡǶԲΪʶȻȴ֮Զһʱʤ𣬱㴧ԷȴǺ⣬ϰػؾϴһ壬ʶȳˡ
һ֮󣬺ȥʶֻ֪ԼԶǰ·δ˶ʡԹֵǧĶ˵İ仰˵һ룬ֹ
ĬĬעһɵǰһ۹رܶ΢΢Ȼ
ÿÿ֮䣬·ǵꡣǸ߳Ƶÿ֮ʱ־㵹ҲȻϴѽȣԼֺαػصǰأѵûһͷٿ
£˰ӡоһתʵϴ˵ǧн䱸
һЦ˵ͷӦ䲻֪εҲʶ
ΪȻϴҪӻūͼù羪ˣ⴦ƶѡҵȲ伣ֻǱǧĸأж硭
һӦд⡭
ǧģƵءԼˣȴͬǧġ˵Թڡӣĺƣ˴˴ȴ񲻼ӰҪŪˮʯҪȴԸǶһ޴ӻرܵĵط
˵ǧ֮⣬ʿפأȴҲиɻұܿϴƣƫƧѰ϶롭
һһ˿ײο˵ұƶ뿪ħǣھ֮ڡȻʾĴѰֵܵ䡣һɶΪˡ
ͷ£һʱ졣һ仰̲סֵƾǾ϶ʹ˷Ҫͱƨۣǧģ۹
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츳֮ͨУ֮˵ʶ¡伣չ鲻һʱȨ֮ơҪǧģѰߡ
һλִֵܼȥ̧һöհ׵Լ漴Ӹͷȴʾ˵Ϊ伣ݱ仯ͲֵһᡣڼĻһСţջô
λֵһǿˣȴ졣һԻͷпʱ򡣶ǲشż־أ
ͷ򣬾˵ϴСſɲ򵥣֮⣬仯Ϊʵ˳֮ôֵܰ
һ̧ӣߵഫвĻ𣿡
Ļ϶Ϊһȡ֮רŴһʵΪӦ֮õ֮١Ǳǧ֮λֵܻǳҪ֪ԷΪޣ츳֮ͨ⣬óķѽרĴ˵Ψлͷԡ˴˼ȻͬУƭǼһɼһϴҲʵף
ᣬ˵Ұգ²ǳǿʱ򣬲ϴ뻢ͷһ̣һץŻͷ˫˫ʧȥӰ
һϵȦʯԴ漴ֱ۶̧Զ
ͷǸ첻£ҽļһʡģյѲǵȻǽյ
⣬رѹȥʮꡣйҶ䣬Ҳᡣǧȴǽ䱸ɭϣѵĳĶ²⣿ǲȻιǰ㡭
һĬȻƬ̣ΪֻȥӰ꣬һٿȻȥ

Ǵ¹ȥ
ǰ֮вǳȺ
νĲǣ޷ǴСʯˡǳѣ˾󡣶һ֮ϣмӰھغ
Ǽڵĸ֣䲻Ϊ壬ԶȴʿңӦֻоƱҪǣķǷδ֪գһʱ޴̽
ɴԶȥ·Ǿһž޴塣ΣҰΪ¡ö룬Ǳǧɣ
һУһ̽Ѱȥ·ûʱѱܿʿڵĲǡǰ谭ȥǧ
ƾ֮뵣й¶мȻˣβʹǱǧģ
һһϢȥƬ̣ȥһת漴϶ȥȴͷ
ڴ˿̣һɺֱǿաת֮䣬֮һ΢Ĺâ֮˲䣬ڵ֮ͻȻðʮλֱ֣ȥʱγ˺Χ֮ơ
״һһ֮ʣʩչͫʶвв̤塣ԭڻǧĵİ֮УȻɱǱغĸ֮⣬ƯһƬƬεĽҽ䣬ٲһֻ˴һٳܡ
֮ͬʱǧ֮ǷԶиʶɨȻڹעߵĶ
ǴƵλߣڵΪҲȻ֮ʣһʱѲΧľɣҴҳءΧҲ׷ϣɢȥһһȥӰ
ǿ֮Уһǻ
һ·Σɻѡ
˭²Ϊ漴ˣȥΪɴ䡣˵Ǵأ˵һ̽
˰̣ѵΪĳˣ
Ȼ⣬롣
һѭǧıԵǰȥ
ҪǴһҵĽҲѡһǱǧĵ뷨㽫֮աȲѣΨСġһصǧ֮УĲ򵥡


1356 ķ
֮һ
һǳ̲ڡܲľݻƣԶɽһվ
ں̲İߣһֲкǳˮѰ١䲻߰ͣͷɫڣľ棬ɡټŵ˫̤ˮԼʱʱЦһæµĺͯģ
ںļУվһʮͷĺӡװòǸͯмƣȴֳһֻⳤˮʲô
꣬һˮĽֻǺ͵ؾת򰶱ߣЦСӣơЦδ䣬ѵ˰ϣ漴˫һǴӿзɳһβ߶೤Ļ㣬顱һϣ±ƴ
Сڻ⡣ӣţʯͷӵȵȣŴף˳ڣҲ͸żӵȻ
ӵкӾű˹ȥ˻δ˳ľһԾǽ£Ŵ˸ŻֱԶһʯȥ
ʯԱߣڷһԲε
ӽУȻŴͯܣ²ʮء
ӹһ֣Ϲ˵أʮضѡ͸簮ɫתȥǡգʱڡ
Ӵӵ˲ŢһȥԼľ棬һߴߵͷһٺ١Žľ棬Ťͷס˭ѽ
ڰߵĲݵϣ֪ʱðһλŻ۵ߡ뷢ףᶥ񳣬ɫȺͣٲȻһɷǵˣСʣַ΢΢һЦ˵ķһˣ
ǲĺѭæӣ񣡡վˮ֮УŰߵǷǷӣߡ
ܵѵ⣬һίǻľ棬ģعߵǰˣ乪֮ʣںڵ̲סƣƤСϰԻȻ硣
һĸӣڲçȴ֮Ȥ֪ڣֳη֮ġ龰ʶĪ֮ʣʹΪ֮øУ
ǵش΢ԸɽǶٷ磬ȴ˽̤ʵصİȻ
İɽȪȡ
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ΪȻ߶ţϷˣתѭźӰǰ뿪֮ʣͷСЦζǺǣЦδ䣬ǴƮƮԶ
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˫ֳֿ𣬽ŲĹڶӵʣûзϡСӼҵģءǰɡ
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˵ֻеȴĿá
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ץˮҡţЦɺðɣֻصĴ˵ؾģҵԸŹãӱҲͷ
ЩĻֻǵɡ

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ʮһɽ£λͣ˽ŲǰĺˮԴתͷ΢΢һЦ
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һλǵƽߣ˫ĿȲ̬֮
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ϴĳƺΪһרСλߣȻһλߣֱλֵܡֻǻͷǼһȻݻòȴԲġ
һַ룬Ȼԭúѿ𡭡
ͷƤţֻѷһϴҪɥδ˵꣬ϲԽֵֵܳͷʵȤҲ
Ǹߣ͸ųơַ΢΢ЦתĿɻ˵֮ѼʿӰȻɽ
һǳλֵ´˵ͷԷݻòȥȫΪϾҶ֮Ҫαסһ룬Ļ˵Ҳ׶ʶΪ֦ǳˡ·Ī⣬ҽеһΡвݣȻ϶ֵҲеǹ򡭡
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ͷΪȻαҪŸ·أѰһƼңֵܺúʹһ£λһϤĲ࣬һɫ
һͷԹ˷˵ϱضѲ飬ǲȻ԰գӿһɫĹâ˲û¶ӰȻһЦȥ
ͷ˵λȵҰ


1357 ɱ˵
Ǻӱߵһɿڡ
һʮɿĴӣɽ֮䴩ˮ滺дΪһɿڡö֮רԴ桢ڴΪĺӰߣѾۼʮ໧˼ҡӵϵĹ£ǴһŲᣬЩˮʳԹ·ЪŴ⡣
һգɿǰλߡ˲δŶɺӣΧŰ߾ǰһʯ
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ִү˫ü߳㲻ن䣬Ψ²֪أ
ϴ󣬻ͷǼһԱ㰮ĪҪһʶ
λߣݻò֮һ뻢ͷ
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ϸֲȰο꣬ƹģԻݺ󡭡
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ƹ̾ԹɱգȥáãǺǴǳɿڡ
Σһͷȴ
ҰӾȻϵҹ飬⡣ɱԡ


1358 ׷Ѱ֮
ˮߣֵ˿Ŷɴ԰
ڶһأͬҪһšԹۿӻưײȣȹԴһЩƷʺܲӦǼֵ͵һ֡ӣֵ˶òֻƾСˣԼŴ󹭵ĺӶɺӶȥ
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Ǻӱɿ֮ʱֵ뿪˾Ȼ˼˵˾ӯֶ࣬ܿأǺµľ̳ӱ㱻ɨһա໳ļƣϾͽڰң޷Ҫ˶Ŀˡ
һͷ͸ֿ԰۹Щ档
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1359 ǧ乭
Ͽ֮У
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1360 ͽ
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صѪڣŽһȴλɳλͬˣԼҲûؼˡ

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1364 ֻý
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ֵлȻȴֲ̽ʵɽׯкθĪ֮
Ҫ˵ԵʦϵٸĴҶڤ粻Ϸ񺡾ٵʵ顭

ڴʱͻȻһ졣
ֻǸ˾Ļ̧һű󷨣˳¿վ̳ӣһĴƨɣһߵģһȭʶôСŭ֮ʣƴ䣬ԲΪʱˣĪȻ
ʦµĽ󣬾Ȼ˲һֱʱ֮ǰܣڳûơ
ʱ׹ߣĿȻ漴ȽһȻ̱ڵءǸƴĻȻλεĸˣԪӤ顢񣬻Ǻ塭
캣ɫס˼ȴǿӲƣλǰֳ
ҪԣµĵӲСձӡ
캣һ𵤵ʿˡͻⲻ⣬Ȼʧɫȴδʧȥ硣뵨޹ء
һգ̧Ĩ˰ӣģԶʧϴҲ﷭ʱ򣬸¸¡ȴԸȤ̿ס
ֵǷ׵˵ģȴѲ̬Ҳ֮˼ֵȻơϣЦЦɫĪԹۣƵȴ
˲䣬ͻȻһâ
֮ɲǣɽѱƷա
ŽﻺֳһӰ˵ҰϪؼλֺα޹ʵѣ
ѭȥɵϣá
ֹãǴã
һλߣ뷢Ұ׶ƣȴɢŶڵƣٲȻһλɵĸˣ֮ʣ߶Ʒסɽǳ׼ڴ˽Դ
캣һסҡ£漴Ѱءͨ£ݵʦ֧ãǿ֮ĩλٲֻһ̱ڵϡ
Ի̻޴룬֮󣬸Ŀɿڴ֮࣬ҵæ֫ضߵףҳһ¡йɽׯĴԣ١
׹漴ŭɽׯΣֹƨ£ٲȥƣˡδ䣬ٲΣԲƺɱʱķ
Σ캣ʦͽֻǰڡţ߻Ȼʦͬˣȴ켣һȺɽĺм䣬˵Ϊ˶Ըɽׯ˭š
λ߲ΪȻ߳νթӳ˵أ
Æ£ֳ̧һģһ٣㲻֪ү
ǶڴɵΪδһڹݵ캣ʦͽʱط𡣴ɽĽ֮⣬Ƽһѷɽȵɽׯ꣡

һǱ˳ֹ
ֵӦǿȥˣ̧УЦ֣º˵λָγƺ
ܲ£ȴҪסһԲϣ֣ԼֵΪ
϶ŭţͷ˵Ĳʱ򰡡붯ִˣԷҲǶڵΪսʤ֮˵ҲнΪһա
λɽׯ߼Էһˣɱ͸ź߳ȻͼıѾãѵ֪Ϸ˭˾֣һ˶ϡ俴ߵΪǸ£֣вԼ
ֵֻͣ½ŲŻǸȻһЦתεѱʤʶԡ
ʢ˵ݵÆ£˵Ϊٶ༸ֶ޼£
ֵ΢̣ЦȻѳĴͽֵֻ̣ýУ䲻ٶԣʱһâߵò漴ʧһʮͷٿȻ仯֮ʣڴɵƻɢ
״ɵƴǣͬҡһ䣬ʱ׳ģ
Ȼһʧ仯֮˸߳˹Ȼб仰δ䣬ɽ֮
ʮĿյٴһâ֮һλ׳ȻֻԲͱˣȻֵ߳ݺ˻ģû˸ۡ񲻹ɺѣһССɽׯȴŴѰǡӣͷ㵴ƽİϪȡ


1365 ߹
ɽĽһСڡ
˴캣ʦͽĲ֮ءƾȣȴȻ
ʦҪʩչͨؽǳ󶯾ڽ𵤡С˵꼰֮ǡ˽Σݣʵֵң
ɽڵȻ
֮ǰĻֵȻλ䡣ΪߣԷΪ񲢲ʦǣǸԵĽҲͻȻˣͬĪ⡣ԭݺ˻ĵֵܣҪ̤ƽϪȡ
Щ㱣סԵʦʦһ㣬ΪңɼĴڡҿᣬ޲ǧϵϹԼڼװϵʱ򣬻ڴϷˣȻһָͷܴԼ
ʦ캣ڵϣͷ麹
ʼնͷͻȴ벻֪º֪£Ȼ
Ըܶһ١
ɽ֮ڣ˶š
ɽׯû֮ǰ򶨣ŵҡҡͷ
˿ᣬȴΪǿҴĬ޼䣬Ǻһֻ°Ϫգ
ҲۡεţǡֵΪȻԼ¡׳ǸʤһǱ˴ģȻԵ˵Ļȴ͸żΡʱϸҲתѵ
ת漴źۼ˷ɽ̧˵˰Ϫʿӡǰᣬδ֪λѡʲŻǲݷ˵ɱݣת֮侹ǰڳ˻͵̬ƱǿܱʤԱ
ɽĵ룬λ˾һ
׳λͬ黻˸ƲӦʵһͷ͸ı֮áִֶ뵽ֵܡϴΪף
˸µ˻ͷ硭ͷغ߳ǆ£ҪϽڶɱһ
Գӵĺǳ⣬ɵһɫáԺǣȴͷͻ
ֵʱǰ΢ᣬҪ̸䶼ֳֵܹ˷в֪˵΢ЦȴȭͷӲ˵ûɷһУ
ɫΣ˵ֵǰᡭ
λֵΪᣬҲΪҲɫɣӦеΪߣ
ӼԷЦæŹâܵĽʧ١
ֵ˵ͷ˵һλֵҰħǣֻ˽䱸װȴǺǡЦţԸͷĴ򹷰ӡ
ǿƣֱָٺЦһǡ޺ۣȴʴӶԻرܡԣƿֶΣȻǾĸ˷緶
Ȼ̨ףԼӦϧǣ
ٴξǸʲŶеҪ黳ʲôɫһ
ͷҲǸӲļһȻϴ󷢻Էֻþʹգȴ̲ס͵͵һ֡ϴϴ˶֡򹷰ӣ
ʧһ
ԻɱԷɫ쳣ʱǰһ֪Ҽϴ䡭
Ӽæ˰֣ʾԼ޶⣬΢΢ݣ˵һɻͽĴˣ⣬ߴֵܡʮǰħ֮λߣ䲻뻢ͷɫƣӿ϶ɣ˿æֵҰħǵľҵȻɽ֣ȴšǹʡ仰˴ǸȻףת߳Сݳߡ
캣ҵŵӻ̻Ȼ˽ǰδԵľѡͨȥ
һԭⲽλֵ΢΢һЦ
֮ǰֵѰϪȣѲɽׯĲ򵥡֮ʣǡɽׯĴ󴬳˰кϼһͷ¡
㣬һķķ׵ˡ
ΪˣһģҲ˵ùȥ
ͷα뺷뷲˲մߣǱûʿݳ֡óɾ˶Ŀ֮١ҲϴһĵطΪֻʣɾˡǳûϯ˼Ҿƽѣе˺һӡ
˵ֵҪϺ¡ڵȣ뱾ԵʹȻ뷲ԶֻԼ⣬ɿеһӦ䣬ټ캣ҪܹݣʹԶ˳̣
󴬳ûãһѲ졣Ȼûǿ̽飬ȴʹ˴ÿһ˵Ķ캣ʦͽڲеĶԻӲǿʶ֮󣬼װִı䣬һо֮СͣƵԽƾͼƣϴԴ˼죬ֵܼΪĬ

ҹɫ٣ܡΧˣ˵Цͣ
ѭź̲Ȼءζ˴˸кѰһĿ
үˣ󲽵˵ǰ˵῾ʳȥ˺δֻʺȥˡʣҵϣ۷ʣ˭ҹһүʺ̸ֵ۵á
Ƭ֮󣬾Ҳں̲ϡͷԣήҲ񣬱˪һ㡭

ҹ
µɽУԶ
ʮ䣬Ųϡ˵ħˣ˵ĺ˻ˣ˵ɻʵĴֺģȵȣѱ档ʦȻϪȣȴţͲס֮£һ̽˭֮⣬ǽ䱸ɭϡ
ǺǣΪ˶Ըĳˡ
ˣȴҲԵɡ
Ŷ
֪ǧԾΪ𡣶ԾȨλվﲻ̤ʵ

ĵӣģĵմֻһˡǡ굱궯ң󱻱Ƴߣʹǧһʱű롣ΨԷڣ켺ڶû׷ȥʿֻܱȹɽ֡ö֮ʦఴǰ
Ⱥ֮ʲϼ
ûҪ췴˼䵹ġڻɽУΪȴû
Ϫѷʵ
ĺ˴ŻĴзǧģǱ߹һȻŴҡ
ʱա
ԣĻ֮ȴçײ¡Ȼ˵ļУʵ͸Ź졣洬ҲΪ˹ʡֵ֪ǰǧģΪв⣬ֻ¡
ǺǣѲ˵˵ĳ߹뻢Ѩ


1366 ˰
ֵһҹû
ֱʱ֣λߵӰųںߵɳ̲ϡ
еֳ϶ǰͷⲽȻɫԶȴ󼸲ֽ棬ϴǫЦݡ
˯ЩãȻǸ߸ϵɳԵαʹһ㣿
ȴ޶ԣһϣ
ǶӾǰӭ尾һҹ
ûмͣȥǼ̡˲ѯԵɣæʰ뿪Ƶ
Ƭ֮󣬴󴬹Źâӭգնʻǰ
ǰǧģ°ĺ̡˵һվɣϵȴ˵ͬ캣ӾΪ˱ºˣԾΪɣֵƼݴ¥ܾ֮󣬱װʺһʦͽʢˣΨдܶ˹͡ʹúζһɽﺺӲԣǳϻ̳Ͽ֣
ǸСڵˣһ㶼⣡£ûĵطⷿջζӰ봹ߵģɽׯ֮²ֻܽõƹáүӹʹ죬ЦҲ
ֵȴԼװϵϯ£ֻܶڴͷĬĬ
ڴƵӳ̸һҹЩջ
󲢷ɻʵͽĵմӡ˭ɻںˡаˣԼɣǽȴδ׽ΪԶΪ˼Ϊˬȣλʦ㰮мӡ˽ֺôʦ֣֮óӪˡǧʥͷ
ɻʵ䲻йءʾķϣиҺǿĵƣʹ󲻿šһŭ֮£Զ⡣ӡֵܵˣǱŹĽҶ
ȴ֮󣬾ͻȻⷵء󲻽ʦŴУΪ̵ɱͬԶеڶѣٲȻʮ֮ͽʦİ࣡ѹֻΪʦǧģ
⣬ҪΪǧĵ𣬲¡Ϊѷڡȴ֪ʲôֶΣܿһ֣켺ߣ𣬻ǰʹɱ֡
ǧĵһЩ˲˳ӣ죬Ļ֮£ֻùȥȴҸȼ˼ܶԷ⣡
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˾һҰĲСɣаɣȷȴȻգ
Զ֮ʱЯɻƵģħӡʽıΣ飬޴֪
ӽһк棬˼򵥡˾ųķĳ˼縺ɻʴеǸˣ˵ˣǾˣҲҪȥ缸λѡټմ¿ɳɣĪ˽յȭȭ֮飬ȵȡ
ֵһ֮ʣЦ¡
̻ǵãƣǣѰǬԼֻĳԸˣʱи˵ɣ
ͷǰˣֵĹâ΢΢ȥȴ־ڲ֮Уĳغɵĳߣв֪ƶ˭ˣʱ˶춷Ȥ
һ̧üģʶеԪæµͣ
еһС˶ϥֻӶħӡħӡħӡȸӡӡ׻ӡӡ̶ɣѸӡȴͣһӡɳǧ٣ǧ٣ǧ
ӡǧɲǣٿȻħ޵Ԫ浹ȥ漴ӰɢֻƬ֮ŻΣȴɫΪΡ
ӡһǧٶӡһħӡǧһʮӡǰӣǧ֮ޡħֽΪʶиҪɰӡһھӡһΨĺڣңңڣ
СС˶вʣ漴һΣҾȻӰ붯ֿ
һС˶ͬɣ˫Ŀն˼ڤ롣ǲʶеĶٿȻ۶꣬лӰ֣һ˲䣬ŵħ޵ķ񾲾աȻһЦ𡶶澭롶̫ؾµķɢȥֹ죬ȴ޲ھ֮У
ʶֶС˶ǵͷⲽԲžͨǵ޵Ԫ񣡶ĻգΪƣȴҲĶ͡
һָදüģ΢΢һƲ
ô˵ǿڣԹδˣΪͨǲɻȱһʱʮˡʮˡзǧֺγħӡɡ
һתɵɫ΢
ϴڹź֮ʱжߣٿһ΢ĹâƺԡСĹâУкڰɫڻתһΪУֱ˴ڡȴһɴСĺڰǡĪ⣬ȴʶ֮¡һҲڸŴϢתлɳ׳֮ơǱᣬֻ
֮ǽĳʼصĳΡħһ㣬ȴ̺ԼеĵѭԼԸջû
Դ˿ֻҪִŵȥձӵԼһأˣĳƿ֮£ҵһûжԹҲûֻޱң
һʱ֮䣬һˣ
ͷ˫Ŀ΢ϣǺЦʹȴΪƾҹȻҡֱ£һĨϼӳ͸ߡȻۣ
ˣװȴһƬžȴ´˽ڿͷǵӰ
ֵһ¶ҲʲٿȻ֮ʣϾϼ˸ٲ֮ƣʱůķɲǹһʧ١һ̣þ޴Ӱա
һڴͷ˼ٷ
ǰǸߵСӣȴкôһͣĶɿڡβӣʮֻ沨æµӰзˣҲʿӹľӳµСӣɼԶɽϴż䶴
ʱ˳ɵֵ֡˴ǧĵĵؽ磬뵺Ϊ仨ޡ
һתͷһƳ
һƷյ֮УѾûӵӰȲ֪ȥ絽λˡ
ֵֵҵǷ´
һѭȥЦ˵ͷ֪붨תѹࡣΪ䣬ȴһΪķ򡭡
Ƭ֮һ̵ǰ
ɽׯζæŰж֮ʣﳤȥ
һȴЦͬɣԵֲǳλౣأʹ˸ˡζȺ𣬶캣ʦͽʧ
ǰдɤ˷µ仨ޱƣɨһ


1367 Ӱ
Ϫ仨ޣǧ̾㣻ɽɿˮ仨һŪӰþơ
ƫƧɽ֮Уһ֦ϣ߲濪ţž̳ҡΡ䳩֮ʣѽȻڳ¡
һƽ̹ʯϥֵһֵͬڴڹƣŵЦ仨޾ƵļпڣȴͷŪʫ֮䣬ҲΪζСļҾƽѻ汻ɨһա˴ʿפأʯɾԿõá
һҵҡΣƬƬҶ̧ͷȥмӰĻ㱡ֻҵŵ˫ȣԼЦʵɷ羰
ͷһ䣬ʱһϮȥ߳ģݵ÷κȻܲ˻ͷڣȴҲ޵δ뿪仨ޣֻѰһطЪϢưˡһ׺ͷϰѾ⣬֦
ͷ£˳̧̤˷ƣ֮ͨأһƨʯϣںЦǧĵؽ洦ɼʿȴиֵ֣ܲؾнһ̳
ݴǰ֪仨ϵΪߣֻɾѡʶͷĻҲûʿû֮أװСв㡣ֵ˾ѻ˾磬ԺͬѰʿǰӵطУٸ·Ҫࡣ
ȴĵľƣҶƽˡ
ֵɾڻͷϣĹһֲٰ졣ҪɾãҪȴסһ̧ʯԶʮ̳ӣ漴תߣĵµҲԣٶûˡ
ŵϵĲؾƲ٣ԵС
ͷбţӲԵļƣһӣҪϸˮߺߡ
һȰĪҪǼһһʶԺٷ꼯ǰͷɨǺǡû˵꣬ʧЦֵ˽Ժ֮Ͷ
죬ת˵ϴҽָδȥ
һ¿վ̳ӣư졢Իζ˵ص仨𣬻ǲַ׵վƹһóϽ«СһڣΪ̲ģɽý¾ڡ
ͷĬȻƬ̧֮۹⣬̹Ȼ̲˺֮£ɽؽһɽ塣ҵɴǰȥ;̲ٺԽǧģɵִɽ
һЦЦֵʲԡ˵Яʥ󣬱ģɾ졯һ٣΢΢˼꣬ҪѰ죬޹ֻ򡭡
Ȼص⵹ǲ֪
һ˵ͷеĺ«ʾ£Ӳ²⣬ʵȡ԰գǸȻһЦ
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ͷÿ죬ڿԽҡڰգЦȥδ
һת˲˻ͷԡ̧һָδ𻰣ɫ΢λֵҲǺ棬׿ȥ
ֻһϤӰԶҴҷʮ֮⣬־ϲλǰС
ֵǧĵĵؽԺΪ˽ٶʶʱƾĿϳˡ캣Ʋµ׷˴
캣˽ǰ
һڰӭϼ˺£
캣æסΣ˼ڴžּλǰЩŭط˵˽ϵĻߣԱ㻻ȡʯáֻᣬЪϢ̷࣬ˣ⡣ȴͻ𣬻콵
뻢ͷźͿɵڸֵ֮£뷲û𡣶仨޵ʿзˣȥΪѼС
һЦοĪ˵ƽй
캣û֮ǰƸҵˣŸм֮˵뼸ͬͻ֮ʣͻȻǿдߡȥΪʱ·˵أ仨ѸϵǰȥҪȴƺ֪飬⣬˴ҪЮʦһ˿ҵ޲ߣһ·׷λǰδԶȥ޾֮·뿴ʦϣʩԮ֣ߵлˡ仰û˵꣬չȥ
һ˰֣ʾ캣ض˵ԵӵУв֪°˾񣿡
俴ӳ̸һҹ˻ٲǸβ֮Ҳֵһ˼ȻѣԼܲԹۡ
캣ֱɬҲ֪Ȼڵȥ磬ȴʲ仨޵ɵǰûˣȻ޴ѰҡҲһʿΣ˾ɳ˼ֻ̤ھ𣬶ʱֺ֮ûʲôͬ
һһƲתң˵ˣһˡ
뻢ͷ޲ɣ˫˫ͷӦǡ
캣æ·

ɽһʯ֮ϣĵӰ
ɴ£仨޵ļͷ̲Ⱦɫ۵סɴϣǧɽ塣ľӳ֮Уʮ䶴
캣δվȣɻǰΪβȥѰϵʿʸס
һ˶ӣ̫󡭡ת̧ͷֵԲ֮ڣԲӰ˴£ΨǶΪʶ顣ҾƬ̡˵ηҡֱϡ뻢ͷ档
캣ֻԭأɫ㷡
ת֮䣬ֵ˵ǧɷ֮ۡһĿȻͱϵʮ䶴нƷաҪ̽еĶߣȴס
ֵ˻֮ʣ˳
һλ˾ʿֵٴɫغȵ仨޽ڣ˭Ҳ롭仰ųڣǰһƬѪɫȻһֻòһǷƶã漴һӰǰٸ҆һ䣬㣡
ʿſԶһλ׺ߣôԼĺ󲱾ŵһգʱҿȴԷֵϴҪġҪġ
һ˫̤¼֮ϣֹƮУʩչͫɲǣͷûʮ֮⣬Ǽһһ˶ݡڲԶĶǰ䱸ת֮䣬ֵ˱ƿܡ
ɽ캣Ŀɿڴ
ʿҲλˡλͷүûκεм֮ǻֻһ֮䡭
֮ͬʱͻȻмϸɤ𣺡
뻢ͷ׿ȥʮһ䶴ȻŻա
һȴ΢΢һ漴΢̡ӳɣȥŶŻ߽ŭߡ

󵨡ϡ㡭


1368 ֮ˮ
һ鶴Żƣһͷ˽ȥͷʿһǲ˳ַס˶š
ת֮䣬ֵڶ֮С
ŵʯϣһһӡ
һλ棬òӢǱ°ߵľأɪɪ̻̲˴룬ȣȴ߷ͣɴתſʯϣ˫ʶʧ
һλϸüϸĿɫƣŶ룬ȴŭ̴棬ɫֵ꣬֡ѡ𡭡
ֵҲû뵽ײôһʱ졣
һ´תӣϳĳ
ǻӲˣҲ˴˶δ仨޲ڶ˷˼ǣһʶ֮
ԺɣԶϲɫæʯ齣ӭȻֵѣ˼񣬻ϵζ
֮ıڵòڵȴԸı䡣⣬Ϣ죬ζҲͬ
ӲΪƾ˱ֱܷһ˵αҲһصı¡Ȼӭδأ㡰顱һȥ漴ˤʯ϶һеλ
߳һţвŮĶٸҽǰһ¯졭Ҫ׹ֻأ¯ûֱ𡣶в⣬ͷʵϴҲϵˡ
һվδ΢΢˵ͷȴһƲɫĪ
ͷȴǺϡЦȤ˵ŮƨɴܻԭΪİ㡭һţһ˳ֽʿڵϡԷ֧Ųסѻȥ
һŲأɼߵĽ´зִ硣ԷδٴηѣҡҴһԲͷذοСĪҪʶôʼաִ֮󣬺Լǳ壬æ־ʩΣȴһЦơ
ɶƵģжŮ壬Ȼ
ѭȥֻǰ׺ԼһϷŰ顣ĸвЦӡ
ͷȴɫһޣƾǸƵĶҲ˼ˡ
һ㶣ͷپ裬ŭСҲ֮֮
ͷЦһģҴСУŲŻүι㡭
ŵһɫֻš
һҲȥ߳ӣٸƨɣ˶֣ĳ㽫ӳȥߡתֵ񣡻ţʦɽµȺ򡭡
Ӵæʩסӣȴվʯ齱߶ɫֵѻ˵̫ˡ
ʰ۴׵ĥĥʯ齣أԷݲеģҡţͷҲ̧ګګȻӽٲ۸ߣǰֹ
ͷ˵ľΪȻСӱŪɵˡ
һɫķԸͻ캣ʦͽշ
Ҳ𻰣ǰһץסתߡ˭ٲĥĶԷͻȻŤͷĿѰسŭ޲ĶΪգؽʬΣҡҡ
䱻⣬˺ѷΰĺڶлص
ȣҡж
ǰ䷢˼λİͻ漴òӢľ򶯣̲סаһСˮ۵͡ɷ˵㽫Է°½ᵤôֻ󱶼Ӻǻһǿл֮ʱȴ˺¡ΪߣΪ¼Ǻޡ⻹ǰϪ仨ޣǧ̾㡣ֻϧһǻ黳֮ˮ
֮ͬʱǸȥʿ£Ҫת
ͷҲ̧űһ̤ʿҺʱٴλ˹ȥ
ŵһ£ס
ڴ˼ʣȥסţһͷʾ£תӣɫڴһ㣬ʵϴηˡ
һҲڶӣɫɻԶʯʯʣ߹ȥ£Ӧϼ仰˵١
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ͷʯ齣ĹЦ
ֻгʯŵһ侲ңʮɴСԭҲȴˣʱ
ĵϧ
ͷȭٸҷƨӴˣһƨϣǱɷģ
һ޹תֵѣ˴˽ڣˡɫӣȴֶŻͷɻʲź˭˵Ҳϵˡ
뻢ͷڶǰ;ҰɽȵʱżŮˣǡڳֻǱ˴˲޽ҲԶԶûϤһ־ˡ֮¶ٴ꣬ȴһİһʶ
һָû£˵ӣ겻
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һûӵķУԹʵ仨ںηϽڴ˴ĪͶ˾¡
ʻ΢΢¡꣬һĶƳۣŻͷ飬ǰ·ǧ֮󣬱ֱ˴ʷ仨ļ֣û伷ЦݣεȻͶҲʲ𰡣ǧ¸ڶ࣬￴һɾСָ̧ϻʿ˵仨ȴھ˵ĹϽ֮£ͨλѣǴ˼Ĺ¡
һŵϵһƳĮȻɷ
ȴǲӳɣתſ³һƻ档ű߲ԶУ˲ѱûȻŤ˼£漴˻ҽ
ˣҪڡ
ɫһ䣬ʧֵѣڹȥϣһɫĪ⣬ѿɻǵؾľȡ¸𣬾һ
һüͷ΢壬߳ĳʱ˵Ҫɱ㣿
ɱ˻Ҫк
͵رͣȴ뻢ͷĶ
һ˵ĳһ仰ȥԼ
ͷ˳ӡ
һʵڴ˴û˵ĳĴţ֮䱸ɭϣΪΣ
ͷ˵ǲΪȻϴѴӵĿϤȴֹʣǶһ٣
һգæҡͷֻ仨޵شƫԶϢ˵ħ߶ħǶĵǲšϽ䱸Ϸ˻ǧġΣȴ޴֪ˡݱ΢
һӵ飬Ƭ֮ĳĲɱ㣬ԸΪ֮˵תȥһ򿪶ţֵ뿪Ķ
ͷȥ֮ʣָֻ̧ǰߵӽѵй¶ֵ˵٣ѣ
ֻ֮ʣӶһˣȻڽֻ̻̲壬ֿģþ֮з˫ȴһ˿Թɫ


1369 ζ
Ӱ̤С
չ仨ѱԶԶǧ֮⡣ǰɽд䣬ǡǰĻƻʱ֡
ֵ˷ŻȥƣһɸߵСɽϡ
ȺɽҰããеֵ֡ʮ⣬޼ʵĴ󺣡Ƕϼ䣬ˬҴ˿˿ҰԵķĿԶ棬ɫ㻳ʱĿ
ɴ˺Խǧģ·;Զ·ú²ִܵɽ͵ЪϢһޣһңڡΡ
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˵ϴ󣬿ֵ˵
ϴ󡭡
ͷֵ羰˫˫Լҵϴ󡣼ȻɫֲŸ·ѰЪϢҲ
һȴǱ˫ֶפɫгתƧƫִΪȫ޵ԣ˸ʶԺǳˡ
ҼϴʱѶɱģȴΪγɡ
ѽϴ㻹֪º֣ΨбƵ󣬲ŲѶΪ̨֮ʤˣԪҲˣߺߡ
ͷϵģظµԴƬ̣㷵仨޶󻼡
ûҲд⡣
һüͷ΢壬߳վס
ͷƱҪںǸ֮ʡ
һ߳ʣǶԲ¼ɶɱĳ֮кβͬ
¼ɣߣԶԶֹˣ
룬̧ŵڻͷǰ
ͷֻգȻ޵֮ȻɶȴδһǴ˼Ҳһʱֵֻܲ伣ȡ̣ǵ
һû뵽ͷᵱ涥ײԽѵԼɵ΢΢ȻĬƬ̣£Ż˵ĳֻ֪رģеȻȥ۱˵ǿ󡭡
ͷ˵̣ǹִ
һҡҡͷ˵ִҲã֮Ҳգÿֻ٣ȴӲҵԸı䣬ͬҲССӶı䡭ָ̧ƻɫֵԲȱ޴ӻرܡ̹ңԾǡ
ͷǲԴǱ׾Ȼ˵㣬һ̫ظ
һɫЩÿſڴϵΪߣȴһ֮ϴȻʱɱӣܳҪٳȫ١
ͷߺߵһ١
һλֵᣬ̧ǰһֱǰɽƮȻȥ
ɽһСӣʮ˼ҡľӳɽϪơİ֮䣬Ƭһɽƶٺᴩֱ
һڴͷĵߣɵɫһ
ԣҰŭšɽ紵ĺɫ欣ķ԰ɫȻǰһԺƮĵ㣬һ
ϴֵ֮䣬ʱҪ黳
һҪٲӰͷǡ۹Сɫһ漴΢̶ǰ
һıӰȻһЦ
ͷȴ۷Ź⣬ûûΰֵ𣡾㡭
ǽԺ䣬դŴ󿪡ԺڣڷŹ㣬Լ̳̳޹޵ȵȡӭһʯͷӣª̡һλæµ̧ͷ˵ţæĲȹϲ˫֣ҴʩһкǺǣʵϾλϸҪƣƬ̡
Գߣʮͣȴ뷢߰ףΨɫ͸žкٲף԰һղ߽ڡڵеľζ㴼
һʩʩȻߵԺУܵο
һƵԳߣƵĽˡѰʶζ˵ط
һǺЦⲽʯݵǰ
¯ѷŹ̳ӡæӻձӳյĸӺͲδȥЦλǹ·ɳ̳ľƲá
ͷŴڵǰ˵Ŷѷǽǵһž̳ӱץȥȴϱ˼ҳֹֻڨڨ̧֣ͷײһ۹⣬סһ֣ʵԵá
һһƳ̧̤š
ͷ°ͣɻϴЩŹְ˵硭ԽԶֱӽӣͬǲǡΪȻҡԴҪȥ
еĲ𣬰ּλɳƵĹͷӵ񲻰¡
תһ߳ٴ֣ȥ
ͷײϣæ˳⡣˵Ц΢΢£ֳڳһۣźߺת뿪һԺﶵȦӡ
ǰľԻͷĶӶ
һҲ˼ɫһ׼ߣоֹȴǲס֮£Цʵ֪˵
ܿˣ͡Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺˮ¯ǰ˵֮ƣᾢй·ɳҲǺǡ仰˴ǵ⣬Ц˵ĪˮСҲѰأʱɫλȴ¿Ȼɳá
һ÷ЦЦ͵Ĳϡ
̨ռȥһĵط̴ͨݶ̨ϵĴ̳ӣţϢԼ˵Ƶ²̣Ŀƻͷһء
һΣ˵ĳҲǺ֮ˣв֪кβ֮
˰Ѳ۶ϵĴ̳ӣָ˵˼ƣΪеĹڶ࣬ԲɻȱϡƾƣԵ𢡢ΪƻȺ󾭹䡢衢㡢ѡѵʮ˵򣬷󡣶֮ʱƽ֮Ҫȵȡװֽ̳֮⣬ڵ½Ѳ£𡯷Сɡ˵Ƶľϣͷͷǵδˣֵһ̳ƣ»ٱ̾ɣζǺǡ
һ̳ƣ»ٱ̾ɣζ
ԣӦһƵҪҪ֪ˮװ̳֮󣬴ãζ񡣶γΪ˵ĵδ꣬Ѽʺ硣ûµѵĵӵᵽζͬˣǧ
һ˼֮ʣȥеĲֻֽһԣŴ̳״µĵƾˮˮδ֮Ũ
ǰס⶯űӣͷ
Χȹ˫֣˿ЦǺǣѰգձװ̳ѡλɳúˣ
һãʵв֪ƼۼΣǽ鱦ڰϪľɿڣʲѿˣźá
ȥ²սƱֻʯһѾƣʮʯѾƣٿʯʮѾƣٿʯãʯ۸񹫵Ǻǡ
˵Ҳģ
ǰһˣҪʯã
ЦŴǺǣʵСʿؽʯء
һ󣬰ҡͷֲλ˴ݲȣԭбʿ뻢ͷûʯԼ뿪ݵʱв١
ڴʱԺͻȻ̳ѵŭ̫


1370 ƷƷ
Ժ˼ˣǱģΪ׵ǸʮӣϻѪʢŭ֮£վ̳Ӹߵ÷顣
ͷǡôݺð˳Ź֡ɵضԼɵһɣµɶĪҪ˻±뵽ۼҵͷϣߡίغߺһ˦䣬ԽǼˣ漴Ժﳤȥ
һվʯǰһԵ˸ɫ
ʼͷΪȻر˰ӣǻǸޣâ¶Աǡв֪ߺˡ
һתԺļˡ˵Ĳֵ֮Ŀİ⣬ݲദ֮еʱĳ˵ԣΪΣ
֮ͬʱ߼Ȼɣ˺°
ɣ򵥺üǣűһˡ
ȻΪ׵Ӻ޺˿ڣ˵ҵߵ̳𡯣Աȥˣҵȴˡ
ˮȾƷ֮⣬뼸ĺŰæ峿˴ֻΪ˵Զ˭ɫƶûˣ˻ˣ
æ´еҶΣ
һƨԺеʯϣͷɥ޷
Զ˵ʦЩֹȣʵԵ
˸͵üʿأѵ֡
ҵҵȵ»ء
ǾƷļѧͽƣ˵Ŵǰա
һοãá
ȴǲͷһ֣Ǻ¶ȻˣĪن¡
ɫΣһʱ޴롣
ǡڴʱ߳
ɴ˷֮ʣȻ⵽ԺеߣȴԷڹĦԼƣҲûзϡ˭ͻȻǳ⣬͸ҹɫȥԴŭڵǺˣҳ״
һߵԺУַ룬Ϥ⣬õ̳ƣֻںԼΣ֮飬ԱѪֿѡΪӣȴḡԸТ߲㣬վȻ
ɱѵ̲࣬סѵǰץһСɷ°ؽ䱸ļҲһæңٲȻǴеǰļơ
һüͷ΢壬һɵСʱֶŵʱɫ䡣
޴룬ʧĵɳĪҪҶ
һδѣɽѵϣұطȥΪ
֪һֹȴƫԼҵĺӣæʾɳΪƶĪС¡롭ת򵱼ʯݣŶ룬ȴ˳ѽװ֮ʱʣһٶ̳ʮѣԵûˡϾ룬һкɳĪ֣ݺƽѻС
һ˦ʲŵСѳһСͨ׹ءɣתҡҡͷ
ɫ亹ꡣкΪҲƣ㽫ԼļƷӡԷ;˵صƵѰʿѵһĸˡ
ѴҴҷأŵض㺰ǧ̳Ͼƣ𣬽Բɣ˰
Ի̻Ѱ̲סԹˮȺôʿĹ꣬Ī˵Ƴλߣһ㱡
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룬һ̳Ҫ۰ٿʯǧ̳أʯ࣡
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λɳ˼Ѷˡ
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Σλɳ˶֮ͬ
ѲԸʹ˶˵תһЦϴ󣡲ȥ
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ɫɻһҲǰԺ档ֵٳɣ˹ȥ
Ժֻʣ뼸ˡλߵıӰһۣ˿ֽס޺߬ȭͷ
ͷǰ·ŲæƷоƷƷ֮֡
תݽǣݺ󣬼֮һڵĵؽѡ¡ߣΪʯѭʯ£һľš
ϲͣ˵ߣߣɲʧȥС򽫾ˮζӡƿľţýȼ͵ƣǫѷ˵°Ū䣬λɳĪҪЦ롭
ڵؽѵǰ֮ӭдһ˿ľ㣬֮
һؽѣ漴
ʮɴСĵؽѣտҲƵ͵֮£桢ǽȴо̳ѷŵĺۼö룬˴ɨ⣡
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һǰסһ¾˫˫¶Цݡ
˴£ȻһſףǾͣһɶߴϸľ帲ǣܵƽ롣һǲײǵ̫֮æԣΪİ
˵ͳϾƣһֱ۳ֻСıǮȴɵѣȡʯװ
һΪ˶̤ɵƵķȡʯ⻹ӦǾ仰Ϊӣ¸ĸģ
˵ɳʯӦ㹻С֮áȻһЦ˵ʮ׬ʯ޼Сű˾Ƽۡ仰˴ŵһָɴ˵һͳ𣬲ǧλȥõǰװ̳
ѵһĺþƣǧ𥣬ָΣ
һҡҡͷЦԺѿһˡ
Ȼɫȥδ
һСǳԿ̫٣ԣҹѰ˱ȥˡ
󼱵ʢУ̧Ҫȥ׷ϡ
һ׷ˣԶˡ
ʹá
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ϲӦááʲŹңȴǰλɳɱݡ
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˫ϥ£ֵˡ
һ̹ȻҪͳ𡭡
󶯵ãԿֻţΪѵͳ²Ҫװ̳Ҫ鼸ա
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ҹɫµϣӰ뿪ˮȡ߳ȥԶˣڻܿңң͡
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ϴˣʯȻãѰʿ˵ȴǼΪѵáִӦ˳ŵͣҲǣˣǾӰƣȡ֮е
Ǻǣƭ˼ҡ
ҲûκΣ˭޳ء
˱˵ߣ˹һɽ¡еһƮȻʱʱеϽ«Сһڡһ̳ӣأЦݡʱ£ķʡҹɫһȤ
ǡڴ˼ʣеĴЦλң
һֻͣ£˴ĬĬӡ꣬˫˫̤ն
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ţҺƤߣ˻֮⣬ˡ
һͷһۣתڷ϶ĿԶ
еľ̳һڣŻͷ֮ƣζ
ͷȴãŪһأȴԸΥ۵Ϊ֮ƣջԼֵãĪҪ⣬ʵ𡭡
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ͷΪȻ̳ƶѣαص桭
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ͷԾ飬ԴתɵҪҽ̳Ʒָϴ󡭡
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һأԿԶ˵ѽеʯߣԶУҪƴһҼŵ˳ո֣԰գҹշȥ󣬳ûǼھ¶ǡ
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ʾ󣬻סǰĲݵ˲һСʯҹɫоҫ۶ĿܶʱӰζһɫϲ۹ӹˣŽ˵˴ߣΪĳֵܣÿʮʯı⣡
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˴Ķʮˣҵļ֮⣬Ϊ֮ڵʿаʦǻԵɣ̤֮·ʯ;ѣֻܸƾԼұ£ԸߵøԶȴǧʯ
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ǳ׼ɴ˷бг𲻹ҹȻçײȴҲƵϹϺ꣬ҵĻ֮⣬ʮƹɽڣ۵۰ǰɽȡ
һʱ֮䣬
ʮһɽ֮ϣλֵԸ·ɽеΡ
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͵ǣСµʯΪڣʵЩϡп£˵ң뵱꣬ҲĴɱճ̲ģɾһ
һתԷȴŰӶٳ
Զ̲ģɾߣֻһˣǱ󣡻ʱҲç־
ԼγˣƾһǻѪִԱ磬ƯؽѶߵա;Ī⣬߻̻֮ꡣңھ֮ģмΣ
ȻңĺȻףãã֮УȻ֮в֪˺ö羰
ͷվһԣﻹһ̳ӡһǮˣٶ֮䶼͸Ű£ٳϾƲߣٲüƽϸˮϴ˵Ի̲ס廰ߺߣһȺʿȻ̣ⲻ֪ͶȤ
ûᣬȤҲȤ
ͷսŴ죬ڨڨЦ磡ʮʵҰھƣ༸أҳ
ֱ̯ƣͷæݹ̳ӡ˭һֻƺ«ԱƷץסſһľƻٿȻţ漴ֱ븹С޵ҺĪǡԼӻζ˿˿򣬺þư
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ȴǶԻͷӶԹֵˮȵİζϴպϽ«ĪҪ͵ȥ
ͷסˮȴֻǿջɨҵľƽѣšλֳ˵ֻǺڣΪξƫƫҵİأ
֮ͬʱ·ɽ졣
ڳֹȵɽ·ϣһŹ˸ߵľդ޷赲Ұ޵Ϯʱտ
ɵȶʮŽٽդţǰͻȻ⣬֮ұꡣ
ֹз
ǰƲס̧϶ʱӿһ㻤巨š䡱һ죬һ͵ײդŶֱ롣ͬƼɽһɱڶƲɵ
ǡڴʱ̤ɲǼ䣬ĽХ¡
׵壬޴Ӷܡɫ䣬ŽڣȻ巨ʱ飬漴һͷˤµͬһæңҴҶ·ӡʮӰѴ˷Χ˹·ޡ
˰Ȼȵôֹߣɱۡ
˾ʮɽһĿȻ
һ΢΢ҡҡͷתһԡ⣬ֽѻĻͷץ˹Ը˺ôɻû


1372 Ψ
嶥֮ϣһϥ
ǰɽȻĶǣһ˻Щˡããޱߵҹɫ֮Уŵĺ
ĵٶ䣬ĴƴɱǶթҪôǿзȥȻҪչֻæ͵С㴩ɽ֮䣬ʿȻЩģȴҲѵõУ
°Ȼ
أͬ鱻᧿Σ֮ʣͻȻһȣүڴˣס֡
֮ɲǣһ磬漴ɳʯ˽˻ܵĻѾϨķʱһƬĪĻ֮Сʱ˿ֽ̣ʵɷ٣
Ƭ֮ɽһͷͷڲ궯˫ʮ˽ԭضĿȻ
ֻʵǹ֮£Լɼһλնɲƣηʴӣ
ǴѪӵǲشνƲᡣˣǾ㵲ѡƵλ֮һҶİ֣ǡ
ҶǴǰ̤꺺ӡ϶ҵСӲưոݣԤȷԷȻмƣ˭ڴȫʤ֮ʶͻԲԣʱѱ°գ̶ݺˤ˸࣬ûˤȥ˭
ɵĶʮλͬ飬ԱƷ̻޴롣ֹȵˣ˻ѡһڵضսľ
˴ʱǰеַߣ࣬ϵв㣬ʢڤִϸ˽ѵ㣬Ժܷһǵһǡ
Щͷתҧشһդ֮𣬾޴ǰ
߼ͷſĆ£Ҳܣ
λǰĪֹжȣ˭գۼɷתȻΥͣ
Ƭ̣æӦ֪Ժ󶨵ТöˣԷȻǵİ֡˼һǷĲ£ȴǡþ˶һ
쳤̾״ֳԶɽתŭΪТ쾭壬ƨ𣿷½Ǳ֮ǲҲ
֧֧ᣬš
Ĩ˰Ѱ׺ӣԸ˷緶ֵҶҶɶ
˴Ҵֵ̿Ҷֹʿ֪ǰ
СӣǶҵĴ󳵣ʵǿоڣڣ˵
е߼ΪԵᣬԹԴʢ˵غȵ󳵻ﻹңҲӣ̤ƽֹȣ
ԳҶĺӶʱɫڲֻ֪ҵȴ뱳˿ɽæֳǣаɡ
۹һ˼װģһʵҵľҪηҶҶɶһʿӻΪİ㡭
ҡζϢȣδ𻰣ҶǰͷҵĻɺءϲɵΪ񣬱߲֡δ⣬æֽŵɴֻµḷ́ɵִ̲ҵʿĵҩ֮ã̲ʶҵɻȡʯ
޿̣ŭ㡭ҵľƻȡʯд
ҶЦҵȳ𣬼Сȴڰ磬ǧ֮Զֱ̣֮ҲһƬġ
顪
Ҷû˵꣬һĪȻʱʯײ͵ص˳ȥֱʮ⣬źݺˤڵϡѪȻеǰ
е߸ûгֵļȴޣԣǷĶٹ黹ҵĻĪӷ𡭡
ΨΨŵŵû£ɿն䣬һͷıϡδߣ£µƣͨأ°ĭٲȻǻɢģ
ֻ̲ס̧žߣõ°̧һץʮշ˲ʧԭء
ת֮䣬ʮɽӰ
ͷȥ˳еɣΪ̾С򽻵ҲմȾ˼ء仰ˣѿĴȴŵЦݡ
һأԶԻͷ̬޶ԡ
ȴǾ㵹漴˫ϥذݵǰ
ϣƵλ߾ڴ˴֮ǰһУڶԷƿ֮СԼֹˣȴȻ
һڵɣҡҡͷ
СȻشȴδ˼ϻ̳Ͽֵģ֮ǰڤִˡԿܷ񳤵ԣ»ö֪
һһ˹ȥ˵ĳϸǰȣٱ֮ʣһ֮
˫ֽӹӣͷ
СɵĽӣǬ䡣תʶжʮɵĴСѷŵƿʯΪߣѷɽƣǷһĴڣ
һ£ʵ̲֪٣Ϊβ֮˴
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һɵ˵꣬ʩʩȻֹȾһ٣ٲΪСԺ
վҪʹȥ
ͷԱץſˮǿǰɶʱƷһ
ɼλǰҪߣ˫ַٰݣлǰ
𣬲Ҫлˣ
һ΢΢ҡҡͷת֮ʣֵնĪġ飬ĪڵػͨСӣΪ֮
ƣơ
ͷΪȻ͵ֵܸջš
ڣӰʧȥӰ
ɽ֮ϣ̱ȥ벻֮ΪôĻԵ˼ҵĻԣƷоƷƷ֮֡û˵Уˮζӣɾƣɡ
ǰɽУٴεȼһȺ˴ӵ߳ɽȣҶ͡
ҹɫ֮£ӰС
Ϸߣ㿴кβͬ
ϵңеϵڡϲǰϸšϴĪ˵ǧ仯Ψ㡭
ľ磬˹Ŀ࿴
Ǻǣ׷ϴѾãĿȾǳҹɫ·ǾʹЪϢ
˵λβĸ߼ϵ½ԲΨ̹𡭡


1373 鷳
ʮ֮ĺչбб˳ȥֱתƸӣȦһռعİ뵺
뵺֮ϣɽˮݺܼɫڡеƮɺ绮ʣмɼʥصĲ
Ǳ̲
ߵĽʯϣλߵӰ
ɴȥܵһĿȻ
ֵʮ⣬ǸɿڣͣŴСֻǰɽϾۼŴСһķᣬľӳ֮£ɽʯǰɽȡʮĴͱ֮䣬ж¥Զ֮⣬Ⱥ欶Ƶ
ʶɼɷӡʿӶ࣬Ҿ粻һȴ֡һгҲѵá
Ҫ֪Ĳ磬пߡҲ˵ĵź١־ɵߣ⡣ԵɺϣŻʦټӴСͬеٮٮߣлھĸ¡½ǹĪĸ֡Ǿ仰֮߱꣬õȴ֮յִ˰ߣ޼
Ǹõطǲһ
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ǿһԣɫѯ
һ˵ͷ˸̤ϰߡ
̲Ǹõط
˴⣬ΪΣҪѰӡĺƵ䣬̫뵱Ȼˡȷˣѵ׷Դˣĳвڡ
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ڵɽϣľ񣬺ͨˬǰڷŴСķʯʿڴ˰ЪϢ̧ɽӰĿ
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ͻһЦתѭʯǰɽȡ
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֪ʱǿ֮еĽ䱸ǵȻ޴档פصʿҲӰ
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аϪȵ˴£в֪ʲôطѰʲôˡ
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ȿȣϵԡ
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һأԶɣɫȴ΢΢һ̲һλúΪص£Ҳ񡣹ʶԼڴ˴ЪϢ֮٣ʵͼ˾ۼĵطǷԴͷ
Ȼʿᵽ˳̲ĵĵʣȴͻȻý
֣Сġ
Ϥǰǰפ̲

ϵĪ֪ʡ
ֵ˼ǰ˴ͷѳ˴˵ιʻɻĪ
дԣǰ˻ͽ𴦲˵̲˾šǰѲ飬ⲻԶΪǻ¹˲Ҳա

ϵĪҪɥһб
֣ҡ
˵ֻйǰԵ֮һ˼ҵĺطģؽҪĴ¡

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Ϊ¼ɣй¶ĳʵ֮ӱ׶ˣȻ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
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ȻƵóѣֻ²δ뵽ЩԶԶƿأ
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СɵϽ«ɰٲƹһΪɴСĲؾʣ޼óͰһûƺˡ
һ«СһڣԻζɵüһǺЦ
ȴʧˬɿڣѵõĺþƣҾ̺ŵʯݾƣһֻȻķҷ
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֣֮򲻴߿羰
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ͷ˸ǰһµķʯп϶һƨɼԱߣʾϴҿı͹Źֵİ̳ȴֻаƴСΪɡѽŷ˵˷ĸףװ°ٽľƣɾá
һ۹ڻͷϣȴΪʵΪβת
ͷӦҪãɾʣ޼ʮʯԶˡ˲ö˵ʾ˵ϴⱦϽ«ҲҽؾװУֿɾͰС«
ɽ¹ȥһʮ﷽Բɽȡ䷿Ⱥۣڶපơ֮Ϊ򣬵Ҳʵ
һɢʶԶӰ漴ٹʣȴͷĴֲ֣ʱϽ«֮
ͷɵЦŴ֣¿ˮ𣬾Ǹɶζء
ĸΪͣ״в죬ȴǶ󷨡ΪȻʵϼѣչ黹һװƵˣҽٽʵڲֵһᣬֵɾ
һͷԽĸа档ֶָ̧꣬һٿȻɣ漴ѭŴĿھ֮С
ͷź棬ûƬ̣վײȻ鷳ˡ
һ΢΢һ٣漴ּĸףȴһ䣺ǰȥӦ


1374 þò
ʮɽȾͷɽļᡣ
˴ʿļҾڴ޷ǲ÷ȡӶ𡣷˵ĴŶΪ鲼֯ͣͼ򵥽ʵʿʣѡ˿Ϊ¡
ԼӴû۱Ѱӡ䶪¼ʯƹæƺõ۶˳Ҳתصɽ֮Сû߶ԶȻ˵סȥ·
ӣһһߣɾڵΪȴɫư۹ⲻơ
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ڻټɽȵͱ֮ϣһĶͬ񳲡ʱ˷䣬龰ҲɹۡɽȵµϡϪˮߣǷ˾סĵط
һĴ䣬Ҷȴ͸ɱǳ׼˸ڴ˴Ѱ£ؽɽȵΧ֮У
ջ۹⣬ĬĬһԡȻӰϡҵشտƵҲˡ
վס
δŲ㱻ֹ߳ɫ糣ż˵ʵкδͽ̡
۹׶˵㲢̲ʿԺη˭ʵ
һԵǸ͵һ˾СȻóʯۣǳִ󷽰
΢΢üͷʵǧģ͸ƹļʯкβף˰֣ĵ˴ƽ˵档λ仰δ䣬㱻Էϡ

ϣŭ߳ǰ񣡡
˸ţŵСֹԴǷܣ֮
ɫ΢΢һ˵в֪˴̲һأǵλơ
ֺ̲ûйأɽȴнμߣصϲ飡ҶһˣҼҳϷ䡭
ϵغҲգϣ
ı󣬻ǰˣ
˵ͷȴûŲ۹бָ赭дϢ֮ٲӱ㽫ɱ䡭仰Ȼ͸źȴɣ˵ԻΪ۹лĪļڽڿһ
ǿ롰ֱ˵ǡҪЮ˭˭ӣ˭ǿ˭˭˭һķʩߣ
΢΢һɵÿԵͬ顣λҲȻ漴ɫɲ
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ָֻʣһȴûڣͻȻȥȭͷκƵӣֺڹơ
ΪܵŪʱŭЦǺǣ֪ĶЦȴȻĿɿڴֻСȭͷȻ͸̫ˣ乥֮죬޴Ӳ֮ûнѪ˿ʹ˺巨อһλվǰĮȻ벻мڰѣϮһлþ
顪
ڻ֮Уѱۻķ÷顣
ԵߺȻɫ䣬æˡŽһХ¡æ֮Уʩ˭һֻźȻ巨ʱҽһգۼѻҽ
ǡڴʱһλ׺ͷԶµѽǻˣ̫졭
ͷӦո֣ȴһ
ɱʿɫ糣ͷԹ̧۵ȻһƳ·ߣɱ򲻹ӡ
Ķ˵صڶʿӰ׷ɣɽɱ
ͷǰǼƲּǬӶתߣģ˭ҵֵȥ·
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ͷһڡ
ǵ·λʿΪӣɾΪ˵⣬µλ߾ȻǶڵΪ̲˸֣Եξûзأ
ͷſԡԵеĽıܡ뺷ö뺷η츳ѪԣۿűҪΧеȻش𣬻ȭŭ𣺡ɱ
׺ıѪԣ˼ֳİڻͷŽһɲȥٿȻǰ̧һɫ硣
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䡪
һĺ쳹ɽȣ֮쭺ɱкּķɽ䣬еһȴƲŭϮ
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꣬ӿʿȴһֹǰɫȻǰǳˮ壬ȥǧǧĵĳɽ롣Ȼɱɽӣ˭˴󵨣
ɽµ£ЪϢ˸ŷ׷кһλߵӰ
һϿȣǧɣм¡¡죬ټڵ缤ٲȻһƫƧ˼Ҫڡ
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˵ǽߡ
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Ƭ̵ĵ飬ʿѴԶҴҸϵ˽ǰСԣֻþʹͣ¶̧ͷֻշʣ¼󣬺˼䣬ϲ졢²ŵصľ벻
һ˳֮ʣԳ߽˵Ī׷֮Ǵɡ
һλӦС޴ȫƾšŽһ䣬ͻȻʲôʧȵ˵ǰѹ죬ϵǰѵˡ
곤ߺõӡ֤ʱԼĵڡɫ΢䣬ȵ˵ز˾ˡҪͻֻͻȻ˸ڶͭǽڶ·
֮ɲǣ˵ӡԪӣþò


1375 ҵ
λ߼Ҫλȥת֮䣬ķɭȻ·Ͼ˲ҵæҪͻΧǡڴʱϤĻ
þò
ʮ⣬ƾնһλŰߡ˵Ϊòİգ۵Ĺ򣬹âûˣȡ֮һλʮͷӡֻͦΣůҷ磬Ũüµ˫ԣ΢̶ЦЦ¸ɢŶڴɵƣ
һ
λͬ漴ֵһںʱʮٴط꣬ǺþòֻǴʱ˿̣̫⡣ԷԴɱϲ⡣֮ǰѵѲò²⣬ǶֻҲ
һȻֳϣͷ΢΢һЦԵ׽
ӣԪӣ˾µλ֣һھν棬˫ҲĹˡٴ˴յĶԹؽһ˶ϡֻޱһ̫ͻȻ
һҲЩ⡣ɽи̲Ȼ˼鷳ûͷǰȥӦд䱾һԴȴϵȴһԩҡ
һǧĸأΣȥҺ˵
ӳ֮ʣԵķԪӻ˸ɫʾλСĪҪţתܵΣ̲סһһɫĽ⣬̣߳ȴѣڵİ֮ڸķ겻͸ɱڱȻʹϢѰʮˣǶڴɵΪ㼺˺࿹ֻҲռˡĪ˵н֮벻֪ȥ뻢ͷ˷Σӣ
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ɫѿԶԡͶܹ˭˭뵽ֵܾȻǱǧĵ̲ݻòԩ·խء
ԪӼһͱˣ޵ֵܶҪһƴ⽣δסаȥǧĸֱؽ۶ʱһ֮ӡ

Ԫӻδ䣬һͻȻҽСȻɫ䣬æ뷽ȫ䱸ߵλɾСѱɫĹâɣʱѪˮĽǲŽѵҲɱʵ÷顣ЩԩҲɴࡣκ𡭡
һأԱֶ޶԰ģ˵λƴĳֻһȫֻϧֻأǧа
㡭Ԫ־ŭֶֹԷͻȻ飿ھеΧ֮£ݺ۳ҶɱĽ֮Уյ³֪
Ҳ麧ȻƬ̣ӲͷƤ˵ֵѣĪҪŽˡˣӿһ㻤巨еķɽâԴԷɱڲɫ֮Уͷò
һȻĴңƲƲǣ˵ĳյֶΣҪɱλòŽ󡭡
֮ͬʱԪͻȻתȥּ̧һ⣬ݺ˽֮ϡ䡱һ죬ǧâҡΡ𵴣һɭϵĽҲΪ֮ɶлɳãһǿ
ᣬԺеķȴƴʢֻ뵲סһΪԪ
һδ죬ǾҡεĽ
ԴԺ콣ҲűϾֻԽΪвᲢۡ伣Ҳ㲻ʶ̽顣Ҫȴף
˼ȻΪ֣һưոݣ
һҡҡͷִ̧üĲɫһܺ˸֮ʣȻſָйâҫ漴ǰӱץȥ
ͻһæ߶ɽסҡɲǣһٿȻڵȻһң̶ͶΪ١ͷһţҪӦ䣬ȴ׶á
Ԫڿ񹥲ֹҡҡ׹ĽǼ᲻ơǷҵĽâҡҷȴܼĻиɻ֮ʣвɵûһ
ɼշ֮巨ɽʧءת֮䣬һץжм֮ſ˵ܹϦ
ԪӼ״ٹ˲󣬼æתֵѣҲޡֻҪԷɱ˷ӣԼӶ֧ö룬ؽ³
һأԭһֱһץŷӣ硣ѭԪӣƽص˵ͷȴͻȻ۹һ߳ʦ棬۶ǧģ߰߶вʤö٣ĳŲ֮µӣӳʹҸ˵˵㲻ɡ
ԪɫһȻѵѵŲ١ǡĺˡ
ĺˣᴦĻǡ۵ضԸһĺˣαҪƲҲݣĺˣһ󱲣ܱħĵľŴ˷Ϊħ֮
һȴҡҡͷſڷϵĳֻǰҿɻʵĵҵ߰ˣ˭ҵĺˣһ٣תֵȻдԨԴĳҪǰԸɱͳǧһǬ仰üȻ
Ԫ㱣Щ֪롣
ҵߣǺԸȻǹϵ׮Թٵ治ˣҲٲˡ
һһץǰķӱηסʧһڵĸ֣Ȼɼ
ԪԳɣȴҶ룬æеķɽһչֵѣ顭
һɫɣ޶Եģ
Ԫӵ˵ز޽ңһҧӲͷƤʵֵܶҲпԡ֡𡭡һڣɫԾȣȴظ㳤һֵܻǧĵһƬͣҶ˸Ͷͥкη
һžֹ쳣ķԪӣδӦʣǵʵ˾µɽױѣֵȺɱλɾСָ˶ϡ
Ԫɫ࣬С˵ֵܲǳʹʹӰˣ׽֮ˡ޵߷ȻҳϱҼΥȻʳԣҶҲͷȥλС뵣ǣһڣͶЧ֮𡭡
һĬȻƬ̣һɡûʱء
ԪѰؿЦ¡ԷƣҪɱˡ֪Σ
Ȼڲԣȴ֪δȣֵ֮Ѳڣȴ޳˽֮
ŵôԣԪҲǰһڽֻ֮жڵĸˣ޳֮һȻ֮ǿʵϣ
һ÷ЦЦ˵λͶοɻ󣬻ͽһ


1376 겻
嶥һ£λֵܡ
µϿ֮УһɵĽɫâڣĿȴʱ¡¡죬ʱְȲԵЩι죡
ͷ̳ƣ̵عһ֮󣬺ҡԴתһԿ˵磬Ĳһ̳ʮ𣿡
Թ˴ûĽ룬Ϊϧḧ£̴ˣ
ͷİõʮѣ󰡣һǧ̳أ𡭡˲ؾƵ࣬ӦԸȤϿȴһֵۣϴϴ˵ֶΣһ
º룬ɫñ˵ϴĻ
ͷһ֣ΪȻһûԩϴ밡֪̲ڲи֣ȴں߿羰Ҷ߳ڴ˲壬׷ķӵһ򾡡ڵΪټյֶΣʮþȡ
üŻͷ۹һбʵϴȣΣ
ͷ˿ھƣûӶ룬˵ΪвһҲ˫ȫ¸¡
ƺ˵ͷһλԷ׵ҰСӣΪ𲽣֪߶Զ
ͷмصһۣµޣԵ˯ҰСӿᲢۡԷɫãֵֻ˵Ҳܲǰ尾Ϊʯչطգû
˵㣬˵ϴʱֻƧһ׵ʿʮ꿪ʼʮɽԶɺѰɣʮء
ͷһϴ²֪ȴ˵üۣɺ
ϴӴ̡ġݡһ·գȥһǧĹӵжڵΪΪĵÿһ㼣̸н𴫳Уȴָ˷򡭡
˵ΪߣһʹĽ𵤻꣬һĻͷһǻѪɱӽҪֵߵøԶһת飬߳ʵ㻢ȻϴᲢۣʺεºܣǷǣǬٶϵкɰٴ黳ȵȣдȺȡĳȻֻǷ뻳һľ磿
ͷ˵û뵽ȴһѵںҡԴҪ⡣
ȴǻһ֣صͷֵԵϧ԰գתһٲ˵
ͷգۣ¡꣬ЦЦһ˱ž̳ĬĬ
ʱ֮ϿеŽٿȻʧֳλߵӰֱǻָݵһ뷽ӡԪӡ
״뻢ͷվ
ֻ뷽Ԫӳһֵת˫˫ȥ
ͷֵףϴΪûɱһ˿Ťͷɵ֣һģ
ֻ۹һƳҲ֮ǰĲ죬Ͽкϴ󡭡
һնƮȻɽ֮ϡ
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һλֵܣЦ
ͷ˿ھƣɷµؿ϶Ȼһﶨǰݷϴȭ֮¡
һóֱݸ뻢ͷʾһһ
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ӹףҲЦ档
һȴǸȻִƣðˣҲ
ͷ΢΢ʧϴ󡭡
һӦ£
ͷȻתæ˻Դ׹һڣ˫س£ֵתɵ˵ֵܣõףĸ罻Ρ
һۻͷ漴תһԣԹ˾С̳Ʒ޵лϴ󡭡
һȴƣ̧Զ˼
Щ˵ԼֵҲܲµ뷽ԪӼȻҪܲһ
ǵھ֮У뷽ԪӱԼĹע˳˽С֮⣬Ӳäӣ¹ϣȴ׼֮Ȼʲŵһ֮󱻺ʵ棬Լɻʴƣ˷¹˼ɶĽ
⣬ӽʦܱɱڷ뷽Ԫӣϼ߳顣ʱڳͬĮֱֵϡͿǲƫԶֵ̲أһֲεţʹö˲У˼Ļ
뷽Ԫӵıѣ˾ǽǡڸֵʹôҲ˼ֱ
ݳƣǧĵͶЧھ£޷ͼɵͳԱиõǰߣȴûмˡֻҪʦķųȥ˱ؽ𡣵ʱб䣬⡣
ӻ˵ֵȻ֪ͼȴ跨֡Ҫ֪󱻺࣬ԼһɻʵΨһˡ
һڷ뷽ԪӵļƲδĬֻҪǸҹԮ㲻Ϊ壡
ˣȻҪȥĳر㵽ף
꣡
ܾûм龰ǰȴܲ衣
ѭ˺ůԼ׵硣֮⣬Զ仯㡣ֵ˲ûзԽǿգ뵽ãã֮С
֮ǰת֮Ǭߵ
һ̣챻ͱưðˮк£пŰ¡¡ʹУȻ֪ڡ
һɽϣһΡδٽߣһٿȻ
ȴ뵽Ƭ֮СܼˮŽۡ뷢漴ʧӷЯŷͬС
ͷȴλֳȻͬɢȥ巨ƾˮϴšûüĿ֮⣬ѱͨ͸ȴԾ񣬻ϵؽкʹ죡
Ǽһϴˢӣǻʱ
Ǻǣ·ʵȤΪ⡭˽ǰЦ
ͷ֣ƨϴ̹
˴ǧĵķ׵ؽ磬Աǡͷ˵ϴĪֵܵ棬һ
ֵ˼·
ʱ֣һŰĿ籩꽥ͣķ˿Ʈ㡣ǰһĴӣ˹ӿˮǵԵʣʹúˮ̰͡ѷ죬ļıɽֶǽǧ
˴ڷ֮Уһͬĸܣ
ر仯޼ʼΣѭƵʩȴɽӶݡ䲻ͨȴȻ
ֵ˽Ҫɴ֮ʣͻȻӤĿ꣬۵ͯҥƮҷ
ƶѽͣЪ
ѽͣЪ
겻Ҳ
ƶѽЩ
ѽЩ
겻Ҳߡ


1377 ΢ִ
һʯбںˮУˮûʯһСӣȻҡҡ㡣ͯҥǳŴд͸ƮԶʹ֮ͷһ
ֵѭھʯ֮ϡ
뻢ͷɫ档
һһ˦ʱʮɵľʯڷ֮¡̤꣬ͰʯݣȻֹͯ𣺡Ҫ𡭡
ʯ߷ԲͰ͸硣ȴŮޣﻹһкӡС˶ѱˮʪ͸ںɪɪΣӦǶԽܡ
һޣԵڴˣΪҪѽܶʱŨŨů⡣
ԳŮޣ˫٣ģɷǿɰСȴ͸ЩֻšգĴ۾ͻȻϲɵǺ𡭡δ䣬ͼƲƲֺæģૣƶѽͣЪѽͣЪ
ŮڰοСĵܵܣҲڰοԼˮ̣ʯݽ㡣ԮֻеĿֻţи겻ͯҥ
Ƭ֮޳˯ȥŮ˿ȴӿһ˵Źܰɣ
һҡҡͷºЦ˵һ˵ΪڴˣŹܡ
ŮһæͷӦ͸񲮲õģ񲮲ˣҪŭġ
СӼ˵ߵȴס
˻׼ͯͯŮ飬ǻ
һʵ֪סĶòܻؼҡ
¶ЦݣȴһҼڶɽ壬ܱãɣȻŭǿգҪˡ
̫Сǵöɽסڼںη
һֽޱڻУתʯݡأ§ܣشܵΡ
λֵڵȺʵϴ
ͷҡԴ˵ϴеûţޡ
һͷ΢΢һЦ˵Ȼˣ󡭡
§ܣȴԶվŹֵߣŵͷһĻ˾ηֿɲĺ񲮲ȻʱΨһ
֮ڣʶֻһɽ塣
һ̤ն˵绽Ӧòѡ˵ش֣֪Եɣ
͸Զķ£ɽ£ÿ仯ʶ겻ϣҵνͨԴ֮ȴԶԶ
һΪȻظһ䣬ʣ˵֮У޺񣿡
δͷŴˮ飬Ǵɽľѳɾ
һЦŷʵ޶ܳɾԵβľɽʯܣƣ顭
˵Ц֮䣬֪˸Ʈ̸۵ͷʱӲϻҲĬ˼
ڷ˵ܡϲŭ޳ɡСλϲǿηɾȴֲòȥֵ֡˿йνɣ޷һִڰˡ֮£ַͬʲôˡˡۻݽ桭
ʮ⣬һƬʮ˼ҵĴ䡣ɽϵķѱɽ䣬һӰ󣬻ˮɲ
ӹɽϵĲԫϱڣͯҥ˿ֻţԴСֽסץĺ񲮲һƬǽ壬ʶȴĿȫǡ
ȥһɽԶԶɼɽи޴ɽӰζӦɽֵܱĵط
һɽǧ֮⣬δΣǱźӾڷ֮С뻢ͷŴɽڵһС
ɽڣһλɽ񣬲Ǹף׳Գüչи˵ĳʹҵ
ڴʱȺҵĪ˱ŭ˺񣬱ؽ꼰ˡ
η壬ֹһ׳ӣͷ̾
һλϡߣݿ£ֻǻǲ壬ȴأԶǵ¸صģַİ룬һŽѵÿ꼾ٲһ롣ֻ˹ԻϵĹأΥ
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ͷû£âȻըһˮ˲ˬȴǲͷ¼ķˣ͸ýϲĶӽ
£ֻԹۡ
һĳԷ䣬Ҳһ
ͷһԴʱˡ
һ֣ѽеĶ⡣仳ֻůڣһԶидֵΣ˻ֶ̿ηأĹʡÿҵȲ뾽԰֮ʣֺγˣѪܵĴ֮ʱ򲢲ܸıʲôҲһֱ΢ִŰɡ
ͷգ˫ۣЩãȻ
룬ϴıˣֻǿϧޡ
һЦ˵еĳ߱ǲΥͬŽֻڲϵĿưˡٸпһɽ֮ڡɢȥ巨е
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һλߣƮƮ΢Ц֪ӺζʲžȻûвбŵһȴİǴҵĹŮӡ
ܡ
꣬ȺľϵԼҵĺӣȴλöš
һ¡Ѵ˯תǵأ漴ǼϤףС˶סڡЦϲͣ
ѴȺվأԴۣͣʧǰʵˡҵҲǵɴ˫ۣ૵ܡҵӡ
ȿȡ
֮ͬʱȺͻȻеűһͨŭ⣺Ƿ˭ӻޣںεأ˴󲻾󲻾Ҫ꼰ȫġҪġ
ɽڲɧʱȸǰ궼ҪϹֵҡ͸ļƷͻǻڵĹأҪֻģ
ǲҪˣҲȻԭءֻС˶໥ţббĻϲڴŵĻ
һˣӭһ˫˫ɡ䱸Թ޵۹⡣ҡҡͷ漴ַ룬ɵӽٲü빩ɽǨɽָߵذ仧
ŭҪѵ⣬Բһǵ˫ۣ㡭˭
һٴ𻰣Ϻӿʹâ޷̶뵶漴ȽȽ𣬽ķ𣡡԰գ̤ƣɽգ֮䣬Ӱʧһĺ񲮲Ǻ񲮲
ɽ֮ڣѴͷȥݵʥͽ٣Υ
УЦ𣺡ǰﷲȤŹҲԼ
ζÿ˵ͷסһλɡ
ϴ˭
˵ء


1378 
һ·ϴ꼾Խɽçԭ
ҹּ侲˼Ϫ±߳Ц̸ڳڷУĵ¸ķ次ŲͬľɫòԶɣļı仯ŵϦɲǻԻͣ
ǧĸأֵ˵㼣
һգɽϳλߵӰò죬ٶȴǼΪ¡Ϊ֮˲ƮȻȴžƺ«ʱʱСһڣڡλǸŰƴİ̳ʮ㡣
ö룬һ뻢ͷ
ǰǵɽ£ƤʯڵµķᣬԼդ̨ȾӼ֮һƬڡܲľ㣬ɺԣǾ̨ҲһĻҳӶԵưܶƶ񤣬ǰǲһӰ
ѽǸӡ
ֵ˽·һ࣬˴˴ȥʮɵִﺣ߶ٽɽؽ硭
ţ˺ᴩǧģ֣Ҳѵá
ϴԼǣȨһη׵ջ񡭡
ΪȻ֪꣬ʿ࣬лλ飡¸£ֻ˴ûԡ
˵ش󺵣ɽҰݽߣ˹ף㻹⣬ߡ
ֵ˱߱˵˴ڡǰһʮ﷽ԲĺӹȣȵعѣĿȵصһƬɽϣؿ£ȴۼһȺɽ񣬽˫ϥض죬ϵģ
ͷ׹һڰ̹سȺȤֶ֪˵Ц޼ɣǴǰӡһٲײһϴ󡣶;м˷ĿѣԼֱ΢ִţ䱾Ҳ˼ḡЩеĳȡ
̧۴²Ⱥ˷ڼ飬ط죬̡
һڷ׵֪ҪԶԶλֵܣ˵룬˷׼ΪҪĴ¡ϲΡҪƽ˳ضȹʮأΪס֮࣬ܲıӡ֣ˡɫֵյͷҰ˹ȺɽȴηһĹݣ׵ҲŹ֣
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֮⣬Ƿ˾ۼɽꡣ
뻢ͷĽŲӿ죬뿪ѷڡ
һȴǽ·Żɫһ˿Ȼ
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ϸƣɼµѷУȻһɫһƬҶѿ˴ӵ֮ʣ޲Ŀɫʡ
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յ˿֮£˵ǳǧҲΪľԿɽȪϪˮݽߣӹҲһĴָϸѷ죬ͬɿѾõ죬˴Ŀģ
һ̧ͷٴοԼһɫɵͷ΢΢һɲ֮䣬ǰָһϤĳǾľ졭
ʱȺԽ˱صĥһڵĳɽѵľޱ䣬ȴٴԻ߶ѾãһͶ겻ԶһĨɫΪָ˷
̻ǵãʯҰݣ΢Сȴ߾ɲǵȣż͵һỊ̃ʹ˲ͬ
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ΪǿĲǿ𣬶
Ψ֮΢ɲǻԻͣ
Ψ֮ͣΪĿţ
ʮ»̥һźڰĹâɣͺϵضײӴ˻仯һ޴ӵֵ
뻢ͷ˫˫ͷ
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ϴǷջ񣿡
ö˵ϴƲȻǾоѲ˽ֵ֮Ϊ˴Կͷ
뻢ͷǵ֮۹һӱѿһĲֵͬйУת˻
˲䣬һȻתüĵӡҲ֮һЦ֮Ϊܲɷ֡оҲȻ
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һλֵɻ󣬷˵һֱٴһʽֱͨգ򡭡
οȻһЦ
ͷҡŴԴ˵ϴԴͨ˲ãͷɶʱⱾءһ϶ЩʱоǴЩĽ빧ά
һԵ֮⣬˵ÿʽͨҪ֮ɣҲ㲻ʲô°ɣĲ˽ֵǵ峤йָ̣ΪȻ֮޲̺б仯֮з˪ůֻأиȻʶΪáǾ仰ͨԭʹ֮䡭
ͷŽڳ̻ļƣٲȻһĺѧĵУû뵽˳ƪۣæϴ쿴Ϸɵģܵġ
ϷɵģǸˣ̤⣬컺ڸ·ҫ֮ǾȻλ𵤺ڵʿ
ܵģͷݹ᾵ϻһλ糾ߡ
ֱɽȥΧڰعǰȺһƬ׷ʩӭϵʿȴȻ̤գķɫư
һͷ˵лԶοĪֵѸеĺ«ס˴ǧĵľͷ»
ﻹһȡװģӦǷʦף峤һӭ˰˰֣ЩɻشһۺӹеӰתȣŰеʿɳȡµϡҩݣʩҵ֮࡭
״ǱصʦԶ
ͷмһССĽʿܻǧɺ
һ⸽ͣԱ˫ֶ̧۹Ȼ;˴Ȩƻ֡
ǽʿأɵİ֮Уû˵صɽԼӹеλ߷ֺƾԼֶζȫʩΪɳԻ
ɳͷҪԼ֣
ɽϵ΢΢㵣ȴ磬ֻôƣ̾һ˰عǰЩؾеĹȣдʡܵ˼æ˺һڵء
һµشʶ龰ɵͷһ


1379 򾮿Դ
£һ΢磬ȴδһ˿˳ˣϢͣ
عǰ߹ڵءŹȣţһĨѪٲȻǺľеֶ뾫ԶæΧ˹һɫ
ڴʱǰеĽʿ衣ķͻӿƬ̧֮һָϺһҵ̳
֮ɲǣɽϵǻһƬֳֹȵҲվžϲ
ʩ콵أоˡ
Ƭ֮󣬾ȻЪͣ˼﷽Բĳ֮⣬һˮ¡еĽʿԶȥֻһĺ⡣
Ⱥʱҡίڵءʱ꣬ǧźò˵˭Ȼ޼¡Ҳȥ
ٶ֮ĺӹУֵɫ졣
ͷЦģǽС治Ǹ
˵һС΢ĩҲǣֻƣǿӿȺˣ
һȴǶһöɫ˼꣬£̧űŰȺȥ
в²⣬ѵϴ󣡴˴ʩϴΪҪڴ˽겢£ȴֵ̫֦
ͷһ֣ϴù£ϣ
һ²ͣӦʡã԰꣡
ɽϵ˷Яףشӣȴһλ·ʩʩȻɵһפе峤˳ƺɻλ̨кָ̡
һδ𻰣ɽꡣǰعǰͣ£һҶɫԴת˿˼ԭתȦӣվɫһſʮˣЦˣ󼺡죬ءһд棬б仯
ͷڰһ̸ֹȻȴֶĪ⣬ɸпţϴıģ㵹˵˵һ߶߶ͷԵҪأ
һ̬ĻͷַЦϴʳҽᵤӤ֮ʱòᲢ٣ֻڵʿԸ򾳽ΪأҲһ壬׿ȻȺ֮
ɽϵ˽ɫãȻ֪һΪΪ׵峤Ҳ¶ǣͷƤͷøԷأŹǰӭȥ̸䡣ԷȲףֽһ
һȴٶ˵°ڣ̧ҽű³һ̤˳ֺ˼
峤ŽȴæסȶĿɿڴ
䡪
һȻɽꡢԼӹ֮Ҳһ¡ʮ֮ڣһ㳾̡ΣٲɽѰˣ֮˲䣬ͷñĸ׶ѱ̱ڵءµ׳峤ģһ޶ԾĪ̻̲֪롣
ڰع֮⣬Ȼһ߷ԲĶڡķδȥһϢӶӿλԱ˫һԣ˵ǺԳɺǴ󺵳֣ν֮ףΣҪȥʤޡѸˣΨ𡭡仰ڻ죬ת뿪ɽ겢ﳤȥλͬ뿪ӰתۼԶˡ
峤Ծ㵣ȻعһļУ漴ͨſǸͻȻֵĶԱߣеĹҲ˳ȥǷӵһͷס˴Ϣ
֮µʮˮ顱ȪӿˮɷöˮƢ
Ƭ̣תæĴ棬漴
峤зŻǵỨץȣԶعݡ˸ɺ֮أһһ·ˣоˡ

ʮ֮⣬еӰضת˲һɽ֮ϡ
վ˫ţ޵ϴȺ˽ȼü֮ȴδķܽˡ
ͷ͵ϴɲ⡭
һҡҡͷ΢ЦݶΡʶ¹Ȼаӡһ̤°֮Է𿪵ʹúˮȪӿ˳ƶΪˡ£һתֵ֮ʱ˱ͨ򾮡Դ֮仰˴һԣٴξеꡣ
֮ǰǸΪ˷ѾѪ峤ֳֹʩ龰ɵñ뵽һˡ˲çĵ𣬶ھĻþ֮һλ;ߡ˫ĿмС
˵Уÿ֪ůɱáķֻءضԻߣҹξг롣ÿγ֮ʣ㱼Ȼһ壡ȻĿȴֹ㣡ִŲյԲ
⣬пеϤ֪Ϲ䷨ʮĦ꣬ƣճ˫֮Ʒ֮ʣδʮ˵䷨ϡַʦ㽫䷨μ£ӡб
һʶ鿴
ھ֮УеżǳԼȴһֱϾ˼ǡռɽ꣬Ǵ飬ͻȻ׮Ե
֮Уӡʮ˵Ϲŵ䷨ÿһ䷨󹹳ɣֱ졢ءաµȰԣ뾪֡ŭϲ֡˵ʮ⾳Լʮֱ仯ͬȴ˶ศɡǽڻһʹԴͨϹŵĻȻ֮⣬ཫɴ˴
ð޾ưҶʮ¡
ȻˣҽϵĲؾƸұǣΡ
⡭Ǽ⣡Һηֱ˴ˣСܴͰɡ
ߣϴǷŸ·
һԳ˼ĬĬͷתλ̷ֵŲæ漴ֵ̧üģɫһʶʮС˶Ӱæµšеޡ̫ؾеڲ򡶶澭롶еڲħӡеڴĦԴԼĹ伮ֶ˼λĥϹ䷨˽񣬻Ϊ޴ãȴͨһݾ
ǽչȥӭķжһ˿ϤҰԡɣǺϢ
һͷ£ںᴩǧģһ˺ߡٺһɽ֮ϣֵפԶ
ɴǰһΪĺϿʮﺣ֮䣬ŴСĵ뽸ʯ֮б̲ӿ裬Ҳ׳ɫ欣
ǺϿĶ԰ɽؽ硣ūڵİɽԶȴǡ;£Լ
мϴҿ
֪λֵȺڣƩڡȵˡ
ϴǧ֮󷵻عѰص𡭡


1380 ɵ
ǧǾĵ̣ɽǾϳڡ
ȻˣһˡӻūڱСѰĺơӵ䣬һΪ֪Ŀԡ
ԣһѹȥ֮á֣Ҳѳ˴˵ҪѰҴǰ磬޺ҲӰǳԵĵһ֪ȴȻѰ̲ٺᴩǧĸأһ·ѰȥԵɣҲ˵
һ뻢ͷںЪϢֱϿȥȻĸ֣շеʱҲضֻǴ˴ٽɽؽ磬ʿӰֵֻðСģҪ鷳
֮ǰһռ﷽Բĺͼʾ˵ǺϿһŻ鵺
ֵ;йѱԶ˸סȥ·
һſλʿеɾΪס֮⣬㴫˵˼ߣ뾭鵺飬¼ڲ᷽ɳСȻ۴λмǡ
һ·֮϶УȴȻһ䡣ɽؽ磬ǲͬ
һλֵܻͣ¡
ͷ·˹һ֣˵ҵǴĪҲҪ㡭֮⣬ɽΪܴܲ迨أֻҪܿνĽ鵺ҺΣ
ɾ߲ͷشɽܣŻҳֱߣжǰֶԸСҪѰԿ
һʱֵɸ룬ҵȲҷԷλﳤȥ
ֵĬĬ˸񣬼·
ǧ֮⣬鵺Զʶɨвǿߣʹ뻢ͷҲǰէࡣʱתȥҲˡµڣʹ˶աֽΣһԤϣ
һ֮󣬺ǰ
ֻǱ̲֮УджȻӳ֮£¥̨ԼɽȪ滨ݵشأΪʤ¡һƬɫɳ̲ͷоʯΪĸۻĴ֣ɵɴ˹ȥµһƬɽ£йľ¥ʯƵ̨ͤʯͨľʿӰʶɼʮΪһƬɽȣǷȺļ򡭡
ֵں̲֮ϣ̧۴
⺣ϿĽ鵺羰ԣǧϪϣν֮𡣼еķ羰ʤҲҪԶԶʤһʵǰһ
ǿĴʯ󣬱һɽʯ֮ϣһɫ¥̨ҶϿŽ·ĴӰû
һͷ˸ֱ˴´޲֮ű˫ⲽǰλֵܽһŰӣһ򶨴ݵģ˿ǿ顢¼ˣҲ޷Ƕڵĸֵ棬Ҳδʶ֮Ȼ;˴̻һټ£
˴ʯ˽ĽǰͨɽȵʯףҲǽǹӺصĵźϣһƣĪɭȻȴʯ֮䣬кϱϸĹľбչϡ֦Ҷµĳɣ
ǿ¼ݵĵط
һվѪɫһş̌꣬ϡŽĽݣܱĹâ΢΢𵴡΢΢üٿȻ˺ʲŻͫ˴ĽƲɱ֮ա鷳ȴǲС
ϴ󣡲ת˴ӵǱ롭
ʾ⡣ӵǱɽԱײ֮ʣ˵⡣Ϊ׾һӡȲѣҲԸС
ֵ˵ĲԶʿӽ£ȴǺ޶ûκε״
ͷкιŹ֣һԡ
һͷֽס˵Ϊδˣ
ͷһ˫΢΢գšٲɣתߡһŽŲŲ˳š
ֵֹת
ֻǰһλˣ³ۣƮƮƲٲȻλڵĸ֡ɫʮֵ˵˴ĽգȴһΪôǱǿαݻòͼıߣؽֳԭΡλŲ룬Ī
һЦЦ˵ˡɫ䣬ͷȴǰ졣û뵽һݵĵط˽ơȻ֮£ʵЩֲҪö֮ԽϿĶ㲻ȥһء
أԲٴɫ߳飬ʱҲӣϳ͡
뻢ͷû˵ȴȻվһҡֵļƣҪֵһĬǳ׼ֻҪǵƱȻ¶ڡ˵ʿڶ࣬βƴɱõһ֣
ʿ鲻̧ͣһġıͻȻʮλʿ˲ѽǰֵ˸Χڵ䡣żʿδٽ˴æһܲ
ͷߺɱأԱŰӣâͻΧֵ˼ıϡ䴩ͶɱķֻҪºȥ˭֪ۼֵܵʵݣ˼ôˣҵϴ
һڳɣ״üһ
δ̤ɽĵؽ磬Ҫ󶯸ɸ꣬˵ԸΥȴ޴ӱ⡣ѡ
˼˺£
⽩֮ʣͻȻӰܵʿ빪ʩ˸ӭְݵλϣѱϣ漴޷ǵʲһУʾԼҵľľ
λߣ˫˫ڽǰΪ뷢Ұ׵ģȴɲ⡣һһһ׳һݡ׳λʾ⣬ת˵Ϸǡ;˴˳鿴һ۹ΧеϣȻ漴ĵλСͬУֻ뿱һ˼ɡδ䣬ָ̧һɵطԸ
ʮɸߵɽʯ֮ϡɳĽ֮£ǵһƬɽ¡ʮλʿַΧڰ֮⣬еֵȻפԭضȴ䡣
һλݵͬڴǱˣȴЦ˵ߣǡֺһ١ԷǺһЦ̧̤š΢΢ҡҡͷ˽ȥת֮ʣȴͷһƳ
ȻվǰȻǲϷɰĽ䱸
һɫ糣ĬȻͻ״ֽ֦ʵЩӦӲϾλ˵ľֹҲֵζһֻ뽫ԼֵһȴҪһ桭
뻢ͷսȭͷԴʱȴûšͻȻλ߲Ƿ֮λڵĸˣǱ˴˶Ī˵ԼֵռˣֻµʱҪĶӡˡ
һԵλֵЩ겻漴۹ʾ⡣Է׹ѱŽȥ


1381 ׷
ת֮䣬һѵ˽ʯǰ
״뻢ͷ˿ֻҪ̤ʯףᴥơϴĻһ¶ؽķʱ벻ֶɣһս˲Ϣ
ֵĦȭ֮ʣȴȻһ
һⲽʯ׵Ľǰͣ٣ָ̧ü֮ϡ꣬ͻȻ΢Ĺâһš֮ɲǣ˵ƻȻһ䡣ƣ漴١һ鷲ˣٲ˿ΪΪߣʶȴ޼Ѱ
ڴʱһ̧̤ʯסֽ仯ĽƣȻ޶ָͷĿɿڴλֵ΢΢һЦתһ˦ٲʰ׶ϡΪҲڲָ֪
ͷŵҡԴ֪ϴĻ棬ֺαضǡ
ȴǿߣ£˵֮ϴʲʩչĲǻӦǽֽ֮磬Գأηơ
ͷȻȴֲ˵Ľֲֵ֮û̹ڵĸˣдֶΣϴΪвһء
룬صҲҵȴֵĽ֮빦йءҲϴҶӲһԵɡ
ͷˡãȴ̫˰ɣ
ʱһԽʯĵǰ
λ˳һ´ɻ󡣶ԷȻ죬ȴ޴ָ𡣼ȻλڴˣԼһءһ˰֡ɽϵʿȥֻ뻢ͷ
һ̧̤ڣ漴ֻͣ
߿һ㣬ȴǼΪǳ׼˴ͬǲ˽ơ
ֻʮɴСĵڣש羵ǽڽһȾөʯ͹â񷶥£ʹͨ졣õĵ䣬ڷŹľ齼λǾжڵȴһĵ
һվ֮󷽵ؾ˵·ˣλǰ䡭
λ߲δ𻰣˫˫ɫ
֮˲䣬εƳáﾲһƬϢ
һδԹ˳˫ֶɫݡ
Ƭ֮󣬸׳ͻȻĪغһЦ̧׳ƣ˵鵺ƣɽͨ裬ȥɡһԵİгɣȴֹ
һӹƣͷƴƣһ硱֣ΪհףȻô֮𣬾ֵл¸ˡ
׳΢΢ͷأЦĪ
ݵȴǰ£ĬĬҡҡͷ
һ飬ȥҪ֮ʣȴͷʵλǰԵβµ䣬Լ
ݵɫ΢Ȼˣҡ
׳ߵûЦݣſڴϵԹ֮ܽϣֺϷʡ
һ۹λߵһӶת߳˵š
֮ڣֻʣλߡ꣬аݵλַס˵ţԹѣ˴Խ֮ʱʩչķǽ֮Ӷأ
ѵ߸һЦĿ˵Ǽ޳˽֮Ҳ㡣ȻΪ뿪鵺𡭡
ֵ̾Ѵ֪̽ܲ׷ݣֻҪˡ
һ̯εΣΨжڣ޳ɽ֮Ҷ֮δס
ҡͷ۹ȴһĨĪɫ
Ҳ˵ɵذ˰֣ʾӴʦҶѲķ˼ˣҷظ

߹һʮﳤɽ֮һɽȳǰ
ֻȺ㣬ľͱڷټ䣬̨ͤ涷ټɽ֮Уۼִ򡣻һĴȵضӰٲȻһļڡɽżɺ磬Ϊⷽʤɼ
ɽ²н֮ڣȴΪϵʿɵ鴫֪˼Σܷȵϰ𡭡
ͷ۷Ź⣬ѽǰո׵˾⡣Ұħ֮⣬ںδ˷ɽɵǡܲúǲһأ
ȴδȥͷƳƣϴõƣ˵뻢ͷδ飬ȴͬ֡
һ뻢ͷҲһöơԴǰɽȣ΢΢һЦʵ˵Ԫʥӡ
Ԫʥӣǽλߡ˲Ž֮ʣѱһԼͷϳݡ˴ھйͻʶİֻǾµλͻȻ鵺ʵֵһ
ǿλĸ֣Ϊʶȳˡвᱻ˿
һΪ⣬һڵת棬ЩסԼֵм֮ˣֻһλȴἰ䣬Ƿơºܲ˸е֣
˵λˣΪơ
һ˵ͷͷԶһƳ˵ԣʵ˷ѽ⣡
ķӰ˷Զȥת֮˫˫ʧԪʥӣȻ뿪˽鵺
˵ǸʥӺǿɶ񣡵ʱٱһֻö֡
һ׿˼ʱδؾ࣡
ڽڣԪӰҪˡʥӵмֽȴԡλµĳϣǷ񿴳ԼΪ֮޴֪϶˵ʵ⣬Ϊʱ硭
ΪȻϴ˵ǡ
һͷһֲ֮Уתǰɽȣֵ֮Уĳ˵ƿ֮Сϸϸȴֲ
΢΢ȻǾϤ٣ᰴϴ˼ܣм΢֪ȡ֪ĩ֮ܣҡ
һεʼͷ˵ҲˣѵðϴҲʥͣʮһҲкͿʱ򣡡
ĬȻƬ̣ס΢Ц
һһ˫üб˰֣ǧͷһʱѽ⡣ȻãٻӦ䡣֮ܶһ仰չҪֵҪа˻Ķһɾ죬˭Ҳס
ͷ֪˵ʲôһԲͷˡʱüɫ裬޵ϲϴĺ׳ˣڴ˼һأ
æ÷δ䣬λ˦󲽳ɽȡȥ
һ˳óϽ«Ųæⲽǰ
ͷǼһģɵȴ͸ҳԵÿܵÿ࣬ǸѵĺֵܣõΣḡ־һ


1382 Щͬ
ֵ֮ɽ֮С
ƣɽȵĴֱȥ̹ƽȫޱ仯˹Ϊ
˴Ĵƽˮϴˬ޳аɿ䣬ڷʹΪ֮ľ泩
ϣǼӣʯֻͣǼƵķ
ɽµϣ¥ʽйľɳɣɽʯȵȲһ㡣ٽԵģȻΪľʯͣұ¾绢ͷ˵Ƶķ
ǱһҾ¥š󡯵ƣһķۡ
ͷԭһߵģʱȴһһէüɫ裬ٲȻһûмɵСģ
Ͳס߳ҲǸ괳ĪҪϴ
ͷҡԴһ֣ȴ̲ס޵˼侰ɫˬҲʧҰħҪȤˣ
ΪȻɵ⣬ǧɽ֮䣬Ǹʿľɢ֮أֻǧľӪдʢΪ棡ΪŻڣԼ˼䵹Ҳ⡭²ͣתֵϴ󣡲ЪϢȥ
ϵʿ࣬ȴҲϡȺֵ䣬˴ల¡˹ֿʵڡ
һ˫֣Ц׿ϡ鵺ħǵӴֺͬʤһ¡ĶΪʿɼȤȻ˴˳ʶһ
ͷ·ɣֱǼС¥ȥ
һҲû⣬˹ȥ
Եĵ̷м׵Ľơ֣⶯ʶ鿴էҹزֻ
ͷѵǰȥӭͣ漴˱ǣз潿һЦָḧ˵ūҴɶǰʱˣֻʮʯ˫ޡܰΪūҸԸ׷ҡ
״һ΢΢죬һסҪǰԷ⣬Ҳ˵ֻ̧ۿС¥ϵ֣סҡͷ
ǳӭĲǳľ¥֪ͣһλʮͷŮޡȣҼΪɧˡоֹ˹죬ǳ׼
ȴ¶״ɴӲֱһӣǰŮµơġ
Ůȹ棬ǰϵ׳˫޻Ƴ⡣ūٴץŻͷ۰򣬲˳ˣ˫֮˫
ͷͷСӣȻ˫޵ĺ塣Ůڴ֮ͥµ⻹ͷһءֱҪѣȴɶεεģŶԷɵýԭأæŤͷ˵λ߰
һ˫ԶˣĶšֻкԹ⣬ϴȥ𴦵Ⱥ򣬺Ǻǡ
ͷɫһתµ˵ҷſųڣ뻳жǵߵĻ꣺ǰ˫Ե鶨ϦĪҪūҡ
λС󣬻ûŮ׽էȻ٣پļŮˣЩͬ
ͷһݣҴһܡԶʿ߸·ߵĶæƾܣȴָ⻬ҷˡסٴλңһȥʮʯ״εҲҪ˫ޣҪƳ⡭
˲䣬ա
ͷȻת
ֻǸɶԸӼȡʯȻЦ绨Ȼޡ
ͷٲҵ飬תߡҴ֮ʣֻֻڲͣӶšһ㣬ľþòȥ

һ˦»ͷ֮ѭŽֵСֵȻͷҲأȴѽǰ龰һ
пϴѣʲŲڹ˴һƬѳɽɵ㹴뷲׺졭
һŲƣۿŽ־Ӱ˵ɵ֮ϣȻ¥կһĴڣ˳ϣҲã򴺡Ҳգи˫ΪҲȡ衭һЦֵǺǣǣ±˼ɷԲ޶¡
͵˫֮ǵͽСһž˽֮ݾ޷ͼһʱ顭
ڴʱ˺˵λֳҵȵȰ
û˵ȺһĽȻǲͷ󲽸ԽˣҡԴЦʲߴˣ
Űӣ³ȣб㻢ߴŲҪȴװͳȥʮʯ֪󷽣˫ޡ
ͷڵҲ仯䲱ȴֱֽðȻ͡æڳһĵļƣ漴ǰЦֳȡЦСܣۼҲϲŮɫ֮ˣʲŲǻǮֶѡ
ЦݣѣŮޣҪеļҵ⡭
ͷϷŹԼ顣°ֱͣת˵磡ֵܶǿڷķǰ֮£ƴȭͷʹңֻܱͷӴˡ
ʱס
ͷƴһӣ˵ӴԺ۸˭ҲĪ˵˭¸¡ؼ棬Ҿá
ǰĵߣһˮȪˮӿɢ߲ʹâɴȥʮɣһׯԺڡٽһŴӣϷĺҿõ
ͷԱǰʾϴ磡λ룬˵һǵһǡߴˣѵǫһء
ת۵Ĺֵׯ԰ǰ
һפɫ档
ãŵĵطһȾɵĘӣ߼мڷʮö򣬲ֱעۼֱۣ鵺־ǧͼ˻ıͼףԼһЩŷ󣬵ȵȡһ׵ĽƣǾ֮
һųĹ̨нΪƹоһ޴ľңͼ̣ʮдвľƹҵڹ̨һڷ߰ķʮλƿǳãһͨԺ䣬ȴΪ赲β
ãǾ¥ɣ
ͷվǰɴŴֱֶ֣ǴߡȲģ
һЦЦ̤ʯף̧߽á
ͷǰһµƹģþƺ⾡к
ǹ̨ڵƹأŲֻƤһ̧ʾ𱰹ǿͣ
ͷΪ裬ŤͷԶſӣת˹ȥΪ˵صĹذƵţƳģǳһͬʣ޾
һȘǰͣԼӶ꣬óʮɾژ·һڡ֮â΢΢ȻѴľȡ˼ǰȥ
ͷǰ£ƹģϾơ⣬۹Ц߽һ֡
һܵοǰʩȻ
ʮλƿͣΪʿΪߣԪӤľ硣֮ڣĪ˵졢죬ǻСҲһ
֮ǰиֽء


1383 ӹ
һ̳鵺ʮɾζȣҿƷ
̨ڵƹǶɣ䲻ģ̷˵һ֮󣬳ľϵĹҵ̧ʾ£漴˦䡣̳ӣԼ񱭡ƾնתۼֵǰķϡ
˴֮ƶʡȥˣҲӱϡһ̳װƣȻֵʮɾ
ͷץ̳ӣ£ױһڣҰţζˮеҲȴȰԶˣ֪ζŤͷľϵĲ˵㶣漴Եһ֣ЦǹŹ֣ҿۼϵ֣˵ƹģҽɽǡѩ¡Ļ졯һ
ûУ
ƹƤ΢̧شĺܸɴࡣλȻΪȴš죬ʿ
ͷûƹ飬أǽľϵĹҵЩضƽɳ䡭㡯˼ŭšӻѽֿڣԶţƾŴм䣬ϳǲ˵ϵĹֵҲѣ
ûУ
ͷƹ˵ûУϵЦʧˣȴҵϻһӽŵǡѪǲ
ûС
ͷٴûУ֡žһ㽫ľķɢˣþ̳߳Īڳǲʲô˶ûУӵƨ
ƹ΢΢£ȴɡŻͷԴ򶨵нƷҪãƲԺڵᡭ
Ʒǿ˵ͲǽϵĹҵֻͼƶѡ
ͷǲ漴żֺɵ鿴ܣ֮ǰûףŻ⣿
ƣȴòߣһɫ
ͷסˣ˵˴о⣬ȥԺʳλֳĬž̳ӱ뿪ӡ
һ۹һϣԺڹȻȥƲᣬֵʹһ
ͷǵǰҪ󲽶룬ȴ˸ĽƸסȥ·ǿֿϴֻ֣ͣµŲɣǺε
ƹʱǰԺߣʮʯķáͳһʯ
Ƴˣ˰󣿡
ͷȴֲϰݣһӣ°˵ӽձȥϰʯҪƣ¥кãթߺߡ
ƹĻû˵꣬㱻ϣԲٷֽ⣬ǽֵÿλһʯ裬ۡ
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ŭˣ̧׳һâٶ龧ʯ۵һڹ̨ϣ֡Ĵһͦӵ۵ֻʣʯˣ򿪽ơ
ƹʱһҡʯڸЦݣ϶ƣ˵ֻСĽƣڶʢ
ͷÆ£ֱ㽫ץ˳׸һһ飬˵ʯת̤ţ˲䴩ƶʧȥӰ
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ֻʮɴСͥԺУʯΪɽȪɳأйľӰ磬ʵһľڡʯƵľᣬżʿԾٱյȻԵáѭʯ̾͵Сǰһֵš
ͷλֳԹڻߺߣСˡ
ǡڴʱ˴ʮŶһλԪӤʿѿ˻ͷһϵЦλǰ
˵ʯûˣܵĿĽȻͬ
ͷΪпģҲǲƴֵǮˣ𡭡
ֵ˸ʿᴩԺ䣬̤ţľһ䡣˴ǸյСԺӵĿյһɷԲ󷨣һʵĹâ֮С
״һΪ˾ż䣬ȴû뵽ΡǴ󣬴δ
ͷۼƳģڳǺ⣿
ʿֵƣֳŻͷе΢΢һЦ˵λǰէõĹءԹۺζֻ㡭һ˵ţһߴ־Ƕоʯ΢΢죬漴ӿҫ۵Ĺâ໥ӶתȻ׼
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ϴ󵣴ɶ£
ͷ̤󷨣ȴԶǸʿƲӽյҪһۺζԷǲֻһź
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һâ˸ܺʿδֵֻ߳󷨶ɫ㵡
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Ǻףǽһط졭
ͷȻģֲҪô󣬴˺Ƴ⣬ʵȤֵֻﻹž̳ӣȻڵųԺȡ
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˴죬ǵˮ³ǣǾǰ龰ֻ֣ϣ˼˼ּȣ˻ζӰȴû˷Ժˡ
̻ǵǵľǼ޶ˮ³ǣɻᱱȥөС
Ϥˮ³ǣǱѵڡǰڣȴΪݼĵط
ʱĴʣԶܻʮµ󷨡֮⣬ϰλɵĸ֡


1384 ۺζ
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һλ˾ʿӭǰһֵԴƺһ֮ƾץһžµʯֻʯʰڵϣ漴ֹʾⲢ롣Զڵӣԡáλʳ͡
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ѭȥڷʮӣһٶλʿӦñԽ鵺ʮ˼Ҿ¥ʳ͡˵Ϊ֮ϣлмڵĸ֣
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һԵ˵⺣׵󷨣䲻ˮ³ǣȴҲ߽ġתǸõʿʵƺ˴Ǻڣβ𻰡
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ӵ˵춼ǧĵ˵ĶڣʶԴ˴ƣ
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׵һ־ɣͷɶ೤˲ѱƤ޹ǡλʿǰ޵ƵһԲ濾׵ӱǾһŲӣķʾ޵ʯټһǧʯϷƵɸһס
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һٶʿɢܣɣȴǿ漴һƬ̾ɸߵʱʱضԲլԺЪϢҲǼɶõı
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ͷѽ˶ӡ˼ھƣĨ͹ͣǸ׵ӻǴ󷽣ʮ޵˶١
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ӵв⣬һʱԶԡͷƾľΪҲ̸۵ϴĪҪ۸ҿ
çѴóһֻСɵĽʾɺϹ޺ӣ룬Ϊżһֻ˵һٿȻһߴС״㣬ȴۼ׶ҡͷβѡ
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꣬Ϊ£ȴΪѰĪ˵ǿ۽硭
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֪ۼΣǷԵ
çִһ޶ʱһλԺĽʿŷ˵伮أѪϼѪ̷Ϊ֮ܣܵĺΪޣѪӾζޣֻתøڳĳһλѣֻ̧ӳһ⣬ͷѱ鲢̶ŨһžѪӯӯҳĿ˳׳һߵƿʱѽѪƿУųķʾǮ⣬ĳߵá
ĳߵãǼ۸ߵã˵ˣҲһִ˽֮
˷׷׽мۣһʯŶ١ֱǣձһɾԲٿʯ֡˫Դϲµ졣ǸĿ׵Ӳδ̫ϣûνġѪ
ͷûȤֻٴ˿ƼԱ㱥ڸһҲĶ£ֻԶԶ֡
ڴʱһĴйâ֮һλģӣŶڴɵΪòҲţȴ۲ͣĻģĵδ̫Ĺע䱾ȴĴ
һ̧ۿȥ˵ɫжܡ


1385 ޺
ڼʶˡĻ족롰Ѫ֮ߵ˳СչʾĲԴϡޣ޵Ѫǽ鵺ʿƵһԻ޺Ρ
ֻԲٿȻըλȵӰȻ֡ǷûӣһüĿ续Լ飬˫㣬ɴҡҷ衣һʱ֮䣬ۺڷ컡꣬ǲ١ࡢģǵʱصķ
ʮ˼Ҿ¥ʳΧܣ޲΢ЦȻҡֱյĻþŻʧڳİٶλʿҡδ
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һ̣һǾ仰⡣ɵءִһ׷ѰһǶȻԹ޻ڣƩԪӡˮٲݡͬԼеȵȡ㣬һңӡ֮Ȼмʱߣֻ޻Ƭ̵ңǰЩʿ۱˴ˣ˭˭ǣ֮νۺζǣ
ģۼҵϲã
ͷûԣȻһҲȤֵȥ֮⡣
ڴʱƮȻ˳Уʷƽ֮ʣżãԸλͬһ
Գʷƽˣ֮ǰٵλ֡
һͷѴʯǰ֮󣬲ɵͣ
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ʷƽ˵˻ƽ𻢵̣Ҳɱ֮꣬ǽ𵤳ڵΪ仰˴ԾΣǷɵͷıϣ漴ֺݺһ̤߳չʾһ
ͷУ۽ǲɵͳ鴤¡һͷĻѣǻԼȫ޸ϵ֪ΪΣһȴƸͬܡң뵱꣬ԼֺǴ˰㾳ɼȴ̻
ͷݣͻȻ½ơһʱήȥȴȲѣֻǰȥʷƽָԵõֻǧʯɽͷƽΪáǳƵҩʹΪūǵϤ㣬Ǻǡ
֮˲䣬Χ۵˽ѵãǮ̫ǧʯѰò
ɶȥ磬ת˲תһȦ
ʷƽӦʧתأ˳һŽǻߵշ
ǼӰһʵҡΣȴǴβʷƽңٲȻѶ޴Ӱѡ
Σͷס˿ڴԵλֳһЦЦһɫϡ
ʷƽվһöֵ˻һ޵طƾ˿ǿΪ֮ٽƳɵͻƾ֮档ľǶһԡ
Ǻǣ⻢Ҫˡ
ʷƽδ䣬һ˳ŹŹֵɫȥ˵Ҫطټǧʯ
׵Ѵǰվַǰ˼ܿңңͷʾ⣬аӦһʯѡ
ʷƽңϸ¶Ц⣬˵ԭǺĿ׵ѣǸʹˣ֪ôʲʡ΢΢ҡͷǸȻֵͻˣԸ
׵ȴδֱԵǧԽĳľгٻļƽ𻢵Ļãҩ
ʷƽָ̧һ¶״Ļ꣬϶ͷĸǺΪĻƽ𻢣֮Ͷ·òԱԪµ׻ѪЧ
׵Ӻˬ죬Ѷһװ˾ʯĽӡ
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ѭһλ׺ڳֹ
ͷǰֽһٶɫһĬĬ˵ͷ˫ȭһգתͦأķǻ£һǧʯ
Ϊ˻꣬ȻӼһǧʯ
ڳһٶʿʱһ׹׺߲һ˾Сѣ˷ңΪߣ붴ǰ۶̡
ǸۺʯһȻ庮ӫ⣬ʹǧɷԲ֮ڶ˼Īɱ֮˲ԶʷƽȴһץŻꡢһֱ󣬺еģĻͷЩСĪҪңһǧʯСĿתͬڻǰĿ׵ӣ϶ʱЦݣ˵׵ѣллݣ⻢ꡢطˡ
ͷĽȻӿ죬ת֮ѵʷƽʮ֮⣬׵˳ŭ˺ûĪǵһûʯ𡭡̧ץһǬӣٲȻ־ڱصá
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ӵ״죬æ̳ƣ׵ǰﲻ̲źá
һ̧ƳԵĹӵ΢̶ɫͷǼһѵ֮ģһء࣬˭Ҳһͷ˰ڲĻأ˾̫ɡ
ץ̳ӹһڣΪȻ۸ߵáֵܲ޳֮٣кβף
ӵĺûñҡҡͷٲԡԸĪҪ꼰á
֮ͬʱʷƽͷó˽ӣ⣬⡭˲޴⣡
ЦǺǣҳʯѻɽ
ʷƽæ֣Ӧ׵ѳ˹Ҳ
ͷǰ׶ԷûԼҷ˸ŵȻ͵ָ̧ʷƽڼǮδ֮ǰܻ˹أߡתٽĿ׵һɣֻҪ꣬ʯ
ʷƽɫ΢ϲʧʯ
׵ڶʮ֮⣬Դ㵡ͣ£ַ룬ЩϷ֮ʱӦ֮Сȴ̧ۡΪ˹أҲΪʷѵ棬ϷŸżһʯν御Ҳաһָӹͷϵ飬ʷƽ˵ټһǧʯʹϡʷгɣĪ˱˴˵ĺߣ
ͷչֵΪȻ˵ľ磬ȴǲλĸ֣תʷƽƣ˵ҳǧʯ۹ⶢԷеĻ꣬һҧɵʷȣĳǳۺʮ㡣˭ҳߺߡ
׵ӼͷȻЩҲסЦǺǣСǲʶôҲ˴Ǻڡмۣ˫֣ʷƽȻʷξϣĪ󣡡
ʷƽмɵӦ׵ѵǡ
ͷЩͷˣ͵ؽеĽ˹ȥüĿʯĻꡣѵһعأĪҷˡ
֮⣬ֵԹۡ
Ǽһˣӣֻˣ
һһ֣һ֣Ҳ޷
ףɫɻ
һζ粻ֹ޺Σͽ


1386 ǻ
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׵ӵɤŲ˵ƣĳи󵽣ѺΪ֮
ͷ̧һӣֱ׳ʯꡭ
ʷƽŻͷԶ꣬ЩС̫񡭡仰ˣȴ׷Ƭֵ̣ʯãȴְȻλ£⻢겻Ҳգһ仰תߡ
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ʷƽſ׵ӺЦǸԷΪЩΣתͷŭһСҳš
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ʷƽŭˣ߳۴ӺζԸҺΡ
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˭ʷƽȥƼ죬գۼѳ󷨶ûӰ벻ǣۺܵʮͬʱһâ漴رա
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ӵԹųеĶʮ˼Ҿ¥ԺΪҵֻơ󷨵ĿʼͷǸȻһЦĪӡ
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ͷû·׵Ӻӣǳɲ£󣺡ԩͷծûһѵúƢ
׵ѵʮ֮⣬ڴɵڱˡַ룬ɫмкƢϷȴȴɳӡ
ͷһظس˿һ¶˫ֺգž죬ǹЦ϶ЦͻȻ׵ӡ֮ɲǣ䶴ԲȻֻȭͷǺХƿնɱ
׵û뵽ͷᱩѣû뵽ԷΪԼ߳һ
Ȼ֮ʣѲ롣
׵ɫһ䣬æӦԡ漴ǡ䡢䡱죬巨ʱһѪ쭣͵صɳȥȴΣң˫ɡ֮˲䣬ܹâɭȻԹۺʯΪеİ֮ڣѸһƬǿ֮С
ͷŽ֣Ҫû׵ӵ֮䣬ããȥ·ҪɱĶ֣ҲŲӰ֪ֳ̧ɷ˭ϲɱ˷ʤıâ뺮ȴ߶հңֻһ·
׵˳ɣ˼£ſվΣδҩ£˼ڴŷǰΧ֮ʮλʿԸҹۺ֮ʣǴһ
ֻǰɷԲȻ仯漴ȥ˹âֳ֮˵ʯһ׺ҳײȴֻͽ͵ĶȦӡνĹۺǽֻһǲȡֵĵطһĴ
׵ӼͷȻҴ⣬һ߼ӳ󷨣һߺ޺޵⻢ȻΪȻǾĲ
ۺܣ˽뿪ʯɫ졣ѾõĹۺѵÿһأȴסһλǰˡ׵ӵĵ񣬸ǵϳѾõνĶǡǿ۽磬вֽ֪
Ҳ뿪ʯȴֱжȥ
ҲǱĿˡӵƵУæѣçײһֻǰһϴŵȻֲЦ⣬ҿ˻ĪҪǻ
ӵס´ȴȻѱǳҶԣֻǿ򶨶ͷдλˣͬеĵѡǻΪĸˣλǵ֮֮ǰδԸĪҪ˶ˣ
һȴ˵ʩʩȻתȥԻͷıδе⣬ֻǾǸ׵ӵľٶЩ˼顣رеĴҲͬϾԼҵ·йۺŪþһԸ
ڴʱ׵Ѳ˵ⲻơ
һλߴĽߣ˲ٽС˴ҸٶɣܸܵɱĪĿɲ
׵΢΢Ȼ漴˫ǺˣϷ˺󡭡
֮⣬ڿ׵ӵʸᣬֳ̧һ߳Բƻ漴̤ն𡭡
ۺڵİٶλʿԹһĿɿڴ
ĸˣ׵ӲŽסһλˣ˭һλǽ鵺ϵĴŴ󻧣Ҳһĺǿȴ˸ΪǿӲĶ֣׻޴Ԥϣ
ӵǰһ߲Ķģõλʳ͡˵ĲԶǵӰأԾ
׵ٴǿϮסɫ΢䡣ϾˣеķȻɳ䱾ȴԭأƼ˶ȥ֮˲䣬ǹۺȻɣʱѽУȴ˳ϡ


1387 һ·
ڰգֲɭϡȴδ˫ֳֵ¡߳򣬾ƬǿĪƿնȥ֮ǡ䡱һ죬ӭ赲Ľơը顣ȥƲӰХŭǺ󣬹ۺ̱ҵɨ˷ҡΣ
׵ĿȻǲ֪롣ۺ󾹱һƣԷǺεĸ֣
ͷڿմ𣬺üĿְŭȣģѵúƢȴû˽϶鷳ˡ
׵ۿӰԼû˶־תߣһɵվʿ󺰣УǰԮ˫һҷɣâٿȻȥҵĴ漴ʱ˷׷׵ͷӴܡ䱾ǻջǰֱͽ󷨶ȥ˭֮ͻ䡣
ֻͻȻðʮӰһǶĸֶɱɭɭʱס˸󷨵ĳڣۺΧ
׵ӵȥͣȼͣ岻ѡ
֮ͬʱȻһ䣬λоϡ
׵ԺȻûͷüæȴײƣʱԭضԶ产ȻףδԷӰԼѱץ𲢺˳ȥű㡰ͨһºݺˤڵϣҪȴѲã̲סʧǰ
׾ٱ㽫һΪĸָܻ׽ˣǲǰʲô
׵ӽǿţ̧ǰӰһǸĶЦհ޴Ӷܣʱɻңˣӡ
ǡڴʱƬ̣
һһ²ǿʱ׵Ʒ˼ͷ漴һأŭģ뽫϶ҳѪ
׵ңҲȴȻΪһɥ˾أɼ
طҡβʯϵĹâһ˸ۺңȻǽѲȥΣд档ڳİٶλʿǰһĿ״
֮ͬʱӰڿ׵ӵǰ
ϴ󣡾ա
ϴ󲻶ѣ֮𡭡
أ߳ͷǽڵϡȴݶ뺷ʮ㡣
һλֵܵ˵ͷ漴Ƴ˿׵ӣԷתȥ۹ӹڳˣ˵˭ɽ춼µĵӣĳվɫƽƽٲһλѰߡ
һƬţӦ
һ΢΢üͷ˵ɷųڣʮӰͻȻȺСűǽ˸ҽ


ͨͨ

ת֮䣬ɷȻ˻ԭءȺȴǶ̲Ѫ⣬ʬԱ߻ɢŸԵơܵʿȻԭأһɫɥˣǽʿ֣û뵽ϡͿر̤˲;λ߾˭ԵҪɽ춼ΪУ᲻ҪϾɱ
һ˵鿴תŰһȺʿ˵׵ӱܣ˵ǰȡĳڴ˹λһ֡

µλʮλʿ޴룬׵ӵһֱѿڶ
ڳʿڶ࣬ЩġɷԼλڸ˵Ķ֡ʱ˭˭ǴҪɱ˵Ľڣ֮֮
׵ӳͣһ׿ǰһ֮в꼰ڶࡣǰ顭ԷɫĪ⣬æֳԶ߳ȻĸĪǵɣ
ǰ顭
ҵ޹ѽ
׵ӲΪһǿмʱƵ۹뵱ϵ֮£ڳ˶ʱ׹ǺʿǸҵľƿҲڸźһʱ֮䣬ܺò֡
һŽҪŭĻͷ˰֣λһǾ˵У
ˣ칬ڶʱع鰲һ֣İݴǸˣȴȴλߡ˵Уţֲá
ͷ⣬ʮ˻Դϴһֱ̣Ե˵ĸߵ
Ƕһֻܽе۶ꡣȥϴΪֻΪѸ͵һ
һԼҵ֮󣬻һתǸߵʷƽ֮ӡȴһﲻˡ׵ӣƬ̣ȴû˵⡭۹бſ׵ӣֵʵ飬ұ㽫ĺ𣡡
׵Щ㱣
ں֮УܳΪ˵ĳУ˵ѣ˵һҫ
Ҫ֪ڸ˵Ķ֣ԭ޼ɴ˲˻ĵһ˵ȻΪȴҲǶһǿڡΪߣ׺£ʮɷ
׵Զ̧ӭһȴֻҵͷִʷƽŵֻҪ㽫ԭתáֻѬģǰϤȷ϶Է֮ٲаǱ㽫֮ǰĹʵгֻⷢɱסһ
Ƭ֮һˡ
׵ӽ֮ǿǿֶʯ
ʷƽɽʿ岻ֻ꣬˹ۺ׵ӵ˷֮ʷƽó޻֮󣬿׵ϣ˻ͷľۣǱִ
ֲ֮ʣʷƽ׵ӰֻͨҪܽǸʶôĻʰˣԭת޻ꡣϵʯҪֳһȵȡǺòȻĿ׵ӱóĹ
·Ը׵ƵģѰʿ
һͷ̤Ͻ鵺ʱ޿̲Զķ紵ݶʷƽ֮ʣһ۹Ѱ쳣һУɻ
ƽ𻢣׻ֻѷһΪĽʥɻƽɡĻ꣬ΪѵáǸʷƽȴǡõõһͷ꣬ڴ֮ͥ½оֹйƻ֮⣬һ̫ɣ
̷ֱ֪ҩ޵ƵҩĳЧ޴Ҳǿ׵ҪõһԵɣʷƽȴŰ꣬Ƶҩ˾ƱҪһˣ˲ǻͷ˭
㽫굱ʹӡūҲͰˣȴ裬ҪɱͬĻͷԿ
ʶͷŭ֮ʣõһĬһҲûͷһ̽Ǹʷƽʵܴ֮ǰɻáȻҪöԷʳ
˭Ͻ֦˽Ŀ׵ӰʷƽһæȻˣһˡ
ϣǺһС
һӿ׵ӵĿлϤǰԭίȴȻŪǸʷƽʵⵢȥĬĬԷһۣתķλȻ֪ĳĶԹô͸ף·ֻһ
еһӰ˳
ͷһڣ׺ݺȵģ


1388 ޵ó
õĺԺУ߳Ӱ
ͷǰ·ǹӵ̬ǫ̧־ŲеĽСġ
ǿ׵ӡǷӣ̧룬ǫ͵Цݣյưֱˣ
ͥŲһ뻢ͷֵ˵ɣһһκε쳣
һ˴Ժãƹļæ̨ӭõĶ뺣ǰݰٵˣͬСɣеļλʳҲʧ񣬷׷⡣ӵ׵ӸϾᣬֻܳһ뻢ͷλ̻գԱԾ֮꣬ȵȡ
ʱƻ裬˼˶顣Ĺâ֮£ܵҲƱڻԻͣ
һڵǰͣ½Ųһʮ˿һš΢΢Ц˺λѵһ⣬ĳȴ֮λԶͣˡ
ͷеһƿ˻Σſ׵˵Ըⵤҩ˵棬ȻҪͷ鷳ġ
ǿӵ˵ţ鵺ǲ
׵ӵ䣬Էת˵š˲ȥȴ֮ǰһǰʵ˸пĪ
һ⣿
һԼҵţԼ˵ĶԹ֮޷Ҫڳ˰һϣǾ˳Ҫֻһ·Ĺ˳ơ
һο˵ȻᣬȴǾ顣⣬ʿϵĻڰн׵λʿֻԺãνĵԱҲûô˵ˣʦ棬۶Ȩ˴аĿԴ
ͬΪ˻ۺʮ˼Ҿ¥Խһơ֮ϲӡŸ˵ӵ䣬иҼľѪӡǡҽ˾ٳΪ⣬ܸЩοӴԺĽ鵺춼ֵصʿ֮⣬ҾҪһĺһ˻ûɶ
浤ҩ
׵ΪֲǰĹʧòʱ꣬ȥʮö޵ƳһƿҩΪͻƾЧȻۣȴװ󷽡ɼͽκΣ
ӵǳûȰ˵׳ƣĻԵ飬ʱת֮䡭
׵ӳ⿴һۣתӵɫ˵Եֲǳš
ӵæ˰֣ǰԲӣ˲ǡðˣԾ֮Ӧ֮塭˵ָ̧üʶ漴ԿЦ֮⣬һƵʱԼδ⡣Σֻ䱾˲֪
׵Ӹףϵչ£ң׽ǡδ䣬ɫ΢æ̧ų˵šӵ漴˽һ
ϼбգƣ׳ۡɽȣǽĺɫİ֮СڴʱһӰҴԽɽԶ꣬Ӱεض׷˹ȥ
׵ӻȻʧʷƽΪüƣҽס
ӵǵǵѼԶݣһ١ˣҵָν
׵ַ룬νҵ޹أ˵ûϷӦԡһ˦߳ţȥִ֮λĳΪǧɣǺǡ

һͷ뿪û߼ȻɽȷһϤӰģʷƽȻڵûߣ֮ʣԷȴͻȻӴܡֵû룬׷˹ȥ
鵺֮У˵շ˿׵ӵȸµļλڣȻⲻáֵ˱ѰĶݷ·ȴǸʷƽȥ
һ֮󣬽鵺ѱ֮⡣
ʱĺɫĳҹ١ããǹȡʶ죬˲֪ȥ
ͷкϴΪȥ׷һĸ֣׷ϰ
һǲնУӦҹɫǰɽ£׷˵Σ
ͷԹѽǸʷƽ̫ɶܽ⡭
һУ˵ȫ׷ʷƽҪʩչΪ˴ٽɽʵ˹й¶٣
ͷҪ˵ǰףϴҿ
ʶɼһӰԶѵǧ֮⣬ЦǺǣ벻һģԵҪһ·׷
ԶʷƽȻͷ۷ųļƳʡԷɢ漴ȥʼǧɣ
Σֵ˻ֹסȥơ
һûпͷǰ̤ŭʷƽ㾹׵Ӻıң
ʷƽƮҹɫУԵЩ졣ЦЦҡͷ˵׵ӾϷŹ㣬Щϡ仰δ䣬תһʵв֪λγƺ
һܵԶ£ңңǧ֮ʷƽ˵ҵֵ˭޹ؽҪȴԻգĺڣ
ʷƽԸ⣬ɵһ꣬ЦݷϵҲҪüǮСˡ
һǾͽ֤꣬Բ飡
ͷóһöӣʾǧʯֻҪꡭ֮ǰмʯʢŭ֮µһʱһʱԸóǧʯʵסŻƢɱ˶ᱦˡ
ʷƽЩ죬ָȻĵõ꣬ó⡣ʯһ鶼١һֵ
֮䣬Ѻ׵سʷƽ⡣ͷǺɣסʷƽһȥ·һԭδȴǡλֵܰڳһΧ֮ơ
ʷƽ⣬ŭЦǺǣСɱ˽ٲƣʲôȴδ˵ȥǼΪȤʵλ֮£ָδң֮ʣ̧ѶһŽɫĹâȻͷܽĻꡣ
ͷ¶˽ӣߺߵĲʶ̧٣գȻ㡭
ʷƽΪȻҡҡͷ˵˿λ׼֮ңⶲšеĻֵ꣬ʱĪ˵ʯʮʯõҵĻ꣡кһ͵漴顱һҹըͷĻʱɢ
ͻ˱䣬ͷ㵲ѡ
ͷ׻ĻǣôһˣɢҪֻضܹĴ
Ҫ
ͷ֪ԼֱϷˣˣסŭһ̧ٳɷ㱼ʷƽ˹ȥ˲䣬е߳ʾĻΪٶ֮ȴ̺Ŷ쾳ǿɱƱҪԷض죡
ֵ֮ʣһҲ֡δסüͷһ塣
֮ɲǣΧʷƽδӦԣǻһڹ⼱׹£ٿȻããĺˮ֮Уգ֮ûӰ
뻢ͷһ˿գҪ뺣׷ϡ
һʱֹԪ޴׷
ֵںһȦתɵһǰ
ͷŭҧгݵǼһﾹȻɱһͷ꣬ĸ
أʷƽбȴʯ˻꣬Ϊ
һǿԶЦ£˵³ǸʷƽȻȥ֮ȻһƲ˵Ҳû뵽黢꣬Ž֣ȴΪʱ̫ⲻ衢ŭ̽
ͷǺǸʷƽ߷ߵֵ̽ܣ޵óѣ
һ˼΢΢Ũü˵ɣֻ޴ӷ


1389 ´Ȥ
ͷԾϺһɲҹȻ޴档̲ѪȾһɫεΪ׳֮ۡĿԶ棬ǧǳԣңԶͷĹ磬ȴôĳȶѣ
ǱڴѾõһţȻǴֿɼķ羰Ȼ˷룡
еһ齸ʯϣӰ
ֵҹǸʷƽһ֮ûڸ·£ںѰһ齸ʯЪϢʯֻɷԲ߳ҲߡطСҲۺҰٷ硣
ͷ˯˰ޣչ漴ֿ˫ֶͦأֻӭմģĺ洵һﲢδ㻳Ī̾
أˮǰһѿվ̳ӡܲݣԶ۹ȴǲ鵺𻹲˵ζѵͷȴеӵ֮ļֿȡոԶƶĺˮְݡ
һǴӾ˫ۣһֵֻǰָζĿٿȻʧٿȻ֡ɲǣŲʱԼǧϼָֻ⿪֮䣡
ڴʱ˻̲סûûĺӣǿ
վ߳ĪСŮ״㻹ֵܡ
˵ͷ׻
˵㣬֮ѵֵ飬֪㣿
ǡǵҲǣͷֻϴˡ
ģп
һλֵܵĶԻڶУһ䣬̧üġʶɣʮȫһͣЪʩʩȻתͷĻ𣺡ǽīߺڣۼҲѧһ
ѵں첻֣
ͷ˵Ȥʱָ˳ֵ̬ϴ󹻺ڣۼҲϲ
һΪȻʼͷ۹ڽʯߵһѾ̳ϣʵȥɽؽ磬ǡ;¡л˵
Զĳϼ£ֺοµ·أȻֻϴһ·ȥǡͷһЦЦֵϻ̲˲ϼΡ仰˴Ծʾ⡣
һ飬ٶ˵ȭͷζ¡ԷͬǾȭͷңңһйâһţʮ˲֡΢Цһ˦ں漴ƮȻǰ뿪˽ʯ̤ں֮ϣֳӭһֻӥնȥ
뻢ͷҲٵ飬˰ա

ɽǧġϪδ£һռعĴ½ɽܣϿվ߳޵Ϣȴڷ˵ľסʶ˼дԶȺԼٺ֮⣬ɽѼ˵Ӱ˴洦Ũڶ׶صĺӹɽҲڶʿչ޵ڡݴ±һˮɼұأ
ӺϷԶԶɼĺͻȻаȥһأɴγһ޴ĺ塣ͷȺһ̾ᡢķǧɽ壬£
ںڴһƬɽֻƵǳ̲ľб䣬ֻľǳߣٲȻһС龰
ǡʱ֣̲ͷ£ಲŵæµšԻ̷Ÿɿݵ֦ʵҶ̳̳޹ޣԼʮβֵĺ㡣
λģӣֱʮ뷢Ұ׵ߡһһʰ㣬˴֮䵹ҲĬԴЦݣµʱ⡣
ָ֧֦֮һƻ档֮˲䣬ȼ
̧һУҶϵĺƷɵ֮ϣշʱѱýָ͡㣬һԵ̳зɳɫϾ¡ת֮䣬硣
⶯űӣͷЦⷲտζžƷ
߸ЦǺǣ豹档Ȼտǡζ򸴺󣡡
˸޵Լǣζٷ絹ͷ˯ӡӣֻϧ˾ˮȤ
˵Ц֮ʣƽغһ硣˼æҪסܣƵĿȴûӰ֮ЦǺǣֵܱոȤΡ
Цδ䣬ѶλߵӰһλַ룬΢Цһλϣ׳ֶʮ̳ӣӦΪȤ֮٣һλİ׺ӣȴԹ˽ֱͷģ㡭
漴ɫΣ˫˫غӡĲӣλǰ
ͻȻλߣһλֵܡںϲظ̤֮ɽĵؽ磬ȴδǰѭź˴
ͼʾԶĺڡ
о仰ɽý¾ڡɴ¶ȻǸƼٲҲӦ鵺࣬һֵڡϵŷ˵ص龰Ĵྶͥ
Ǳ̲ĺڣ˵Ⱥ羰ȴӰڵİ̲ͷʿȴųಲţһģյտź㡣
ֵû쳣ӿն
һ˿ԳƹغĲӵλʿֿ˿Զļᣬ˵ض񡭡ɻ󣬻ѯʼ䣬ȴòͶҡͷԷѸԷ£˵ľ벻Ǵż־ǧ֮䵭
Ƶ÷ʱ죬߳Сʧ鵺𣬾ްл⡭
һֹס˵ҵóȻˣ徲£԰꣡
ԳĲӵץһ̳ӣǸȻ˵ҶɢѾã֪ǰҪ黳лˡ̳ʾ£Թ
غӵǴһԷ޸˵ưλǰм˷緶ҾʹЪϢһ̧ץҶϵĺ㣬ֶտһһ͸ŻȻǸķ
һ˸ɫһͬԱ¡
ͷѽβ¶ӣ궯Ŵֱ˹δšţĺóԣһҪ
һϥˣḧ°ڣһ֦УٽĻͷԸĪҪ̰ò㣬ԿԼºץȥ
ͷʣµĿʵҲɴ࣬תǧĴȥ˷ܵСտֶʵԵƬ̣㾡ʩչֻܽʿ˿ĳӣ׷Ź
غȴû˿£һֵ̯˷²ͬ˴졣λǰֺαҶһʶ
ⷬ˼˵ǰˣ˽С˴˾ȫ޽ԶԶûһ˵Цĵزȥֻ˸еȤ
һȻ̧۶ꡣ
غ֣ķ˪ȴ͸̹ȻɣɫһԵĲͬʵ޻ֻ൱Ͷ룬ľ߼ļƣ
һĬȻƬ̣Ц˵˴ûǰֻͬ⺣żСۣţ·ããӻΪ㣻ȥѰһΣ¹佭
غЩ⣬޵ǰò顢⾳ˡ
ĲӾž̳ӵͷ̬ͣжʱ˼־⡣
Ǻһ֣˵ϴǷضн塭
һһ֣⽫ӵľ仰ΪУûʵغӣʲԣΪ˷緶ڴ˲ͷ¶ޣΪİ㡭


1390 ˷
Ϊ˷緶
ڷ˶ǵɷ磬ǻţ£дߡԪͨסɽӣ޴ϼ¶գһΪϰǲ׿Ȼ˾ķ緶
ڶɵʿľǳȻں쳾֮ˡиΪǿߣпٵ֮ܣиǬ֮ĪȻӵֹĳȻ緶
غĲӵĿȴвͬ
ϵþó࣬ĸԶһȻؼߣɡԸ֮һ仰ζٷ絹ͷ˯
ʿȻҶǰƷͷ㣬Ȿ˸е졣Ϥе飬һ˵ȻȻ
غǽڵΪĲǽ𵤳ڵľ磬ǰѾӽ꣬ǻİٶꡣҲ˵˵ԪʣࡣҪڽ𵤺ڡԪӤֱǳ˵Ρ
Ȼʱղָ࣬Σ
غĲӲδҲûɥȥ˵ۡ˹е븺ۣ羰ĺ̲ͷ볯ϼΪ飬ߣпƲԹżտǲĺȻףŷææµµв˿̵ңڡɵ˴˾Ҳٻֻ֣̿ԼӣãԳȻ⣡
һ˵ȻǴһ
Ϊ벻֧šĸߵͣȴδΪֱӵĹϵʦƵԪӣΪ׵ʿ˵ľȴ˿ɵˡǵԵľҲǿͨ𣿴˼羰ãβɡ
ô֮䣬ˣ˭ֲߣ
ʣǾҶԼħĵľŴ֮Щ׷ʸ־ƣȴֺܹ֮֮Ȥ˼ʿԪ޶࣬κңڣ񲻾ңɲǼΪ㡭
ôĳһֱʲô
һɵöԹغӡĲ˸߿һۣ׿ķգԷһͬʳ㣬ƷƣЦ̸޼ɡȻϴˣҲֵɡͷ뺣Уϯ˲½ǧĺϰߣʹùغĲӽп಻ȴλǰƽ׽ˣֻü䵱Ĳ¡
Ϩչȥ̲϶˿վ̳һǽ塣ΧһȴĻ󳩣ǹغĲҲ΢ģƲˣ⾳黳̿ճķ羰
ԵС顣Ѱգʹ˸ˣ
һʩʩȻ𣬳ŹغĲ̧һЦ
ʹ졭
ͷĴƨɣ⡣
ɵĥ±ɳҲһǴǰλ̹ƣԳɡ
İԵ뺷У˼µĳ
λǰȻ;˴˳һķԲڣм羰ʤ¸Զżѻߣȴֵһۡ
ԼǣɶͤԽʯеʣ˵ԶŸ
غĲͣǰûӰ˲ΪȻһ֮ɳ̲ٷΡ

һͷ뿪˺ߣתźȥ
Զɽ֣ççǺ̲˷羰һڣȻէۿȥǱһƬءռŶ컣׶į
Ƭ֮һǧɸ߷ǰȺĲԴ价ͬ´ݲҶͦΣһֱ׿ȻɽϣԼɼģĴ֣¡
Ӱӹ棬µķ֮ϡ
ڵط󣬰ɶѡʯأ档ڴˣӸһӵ壬Ⱥ಻ϵĳɽ롣µʮɣж·ʯԼżԵưܶ
˫վȣǽסԭǻ˼۹֮ʣ᳤¡˿ȻһЦֳ̧ǰһزʯʾ˴Ӧиͤӣٷ֮⣻µĶνľɶʮиΪ˴һϿ˽ʱǨ˷ǡ
ͷǸˣȴӲֵ֮Ĭ쳣ٲֻͣܳܺ
һĿԶƬ̣ߵԡһҵķ䣬дһػʯûоʹѯʣֻ̧¶ԷļͷתѭʯȥȻ羰ڣκǣ
嶥иббĻڣʯڡʮɳĽݣ͵һתȻһ޴ʯ֮ϡɴ˻һض¡ڶͱڵĵ䣬иɶߵĶţ˵ľɶڵҾǷĺۼӿݼ䣬ʣһ˵ġɡ֣µġ֣ۡûӰ
šȻ⣬ɫ͸źءͷǼһڵŻĹûȤɴһڷ嶥ź磬ζſζ
һ鿴ҡҡͷʱ˿̣ͷҲǲɵö˼Īĸп
Ҳ˵ڴ̡ΡΣھݡʱеɵңɼĴڡƸɽ£ֹǺӱãŲ˷롣Žµ·Զ˺ģľηʧʹһҲڻȥصɴ·棬ٻഫ˵ܲΪ֮л࣡
⣬ֻģɽ£ǾĹڡ
һԻ㱣漴ʰٲǰ
ţһʯʮɴСĵط洦ɼʯٵʯʯȵһһ˶ĬȻ֪Ѱٵ꣬ƾ
ʯľͷмңѱ
һƲԱһõĶȥ
Ӧһ侲ңʮɴС͸ڰȥǺĳ£齡赹ҲһӦȫľȻˣĳкι
һھƬ̣˳ǰɫ΢΢һŲʯп̺ۣѲɳȥ߼Ŀ̺˲
һ̻棬ԼȻֳӰһλȵŮӣб̬ԼüĿʶվһλͬЩĿӣǺЦ
ӣҲ
һ۹ŮӵͼӰϣͷȻһֻþ֮ǷһĨɬӣĳŮˡǵ󡭡
ڴʱͷĺӶ⴫ϴ磬
һʯǿƿ۹⣬߳˾ҡʯ֮УǡӭײĿԣȻĪȴֲԼͬش˿ڴ漴̳˶


1391 ƾ
ͷվڷ嶥ϼͣһ֮󣬼æָԶʾ˷ٴ˴δֵͷӴܣȴҿǲʷƽ˭
һѭŻͷָķȥ֮⻹һ˴ҴԶȥ䱳ӰǴǰǸʷƽ
ѽղӰԵδʱð˳
ͷһӣȲ׷ȥģӡδ䣬մ
һѯ鿴жᣡ
һԶܣɫɻ󡣶ת֮䣬ͷѵ֮⡣˵ͷ׷˹ȥ
Ǹʷƽ֮ǰоֹб͸ֹŹ֣ʧ֮ٴ˵ɺϣżȻԶһʱк쳣ҿˣʲô
صʷƽûȫݣǲŲæշСֻÿͷٽʱͻȻӿΰ׷ϡΣһ׷Ϸ
ͷ״ŭˡʹΪ׷
֮ͬʱʷƽȴǻͷһЦ漴һֱǰ֮䣬Ӱʧ١
ͷʩչʶ̽޹ֻڰֹסȥơƬ֮һ˹εģֱˣˡ
һʷƽûϣԷǹʼʩһ⣬ֻ˳ǰ䵽˻ͷԣ˵˵һʱҲؼƽϣϴҿ
˽׷ϣ֪ȥ˰˾ǰһƬ޴ĹȵأȺ彻ɽȵľͷһɵһɷ졣
ɽȱľоλֵڴϢԭǧ벻ɺˡ̧ʾ⣬ֵǵɽǡԽʯ˴ɫ㯣ٿȻԶȥ
ʱǲ⵴԰˻ĵľλֵ۴˴һɽӣķң뵱֣Ȼĳȶ׳ѡ٣һо׷䡣ʵΣꡭ
һ״һۣǰͷҪǰУ漴ѵԣҾʹһĪǸʷƽ
ͷһ˫ȭͷž죬޺޵ǼһоŹ֣
һ˫ȥƲͣǳƮȻ硣ͷŭδοֱֲ֣ذܡǸʷƽҪʱٳȫ٣
ͷвޣҲֻúߺգֳҡԴżС
һ֮󣬡ǰ
һŽе˴ͷһֲԤС룬µɽ塣뻢ͷңԲ
ڵɽȣǧ﷽ԲѸɺԵĹȵϣɰԼݴԾܵɽͱϣȻɼżۿȥԶ쳣ΡֻȺɽŵĻ߹ȵγĶԱȡ͸ɱвĪı
ͷת伫죬ϲŭҡͷ֮䡣ſտɽȣһ֣˵ϴԽʯҲ棬βǰȥ۽硭
ȴʵϴ󡭡
һûд𻰣ɫɻ
ǡڴʱͷզѽģǸʷƽȻڴ˴
ǧɽȵĸأһƬ˸ߵĲݴԼ䣬ðһӵӰģװ磬ǸмʷƽֳַɽĴھ򣬺Ѱʲô
һü΢΢бֵ
ͷȴǳ˼ۺ죬ɷ˵ڿմֱǰȥΨֵʧɫѯʣһεͷӦʣæɽȡ
һɽϣٴδǰġ꣬һ˦΢Ĺâ˳ŽűٿȻزҪ̧üģǳɣ˼ֱƬ֮Ż뿪ɽǰȥԵĵ飬λֵѳ嵽ɽ֮С
ʷƽ֪̫רעѰ٣⣬о֮ʱѱͷһǰһΧ˵䡣δңǴӲݴ˳ֵʵСΪ
ͷʮɵİУ֣ޣĪҪ֪ʣӿջѡ
ʷƽһվڵϣ޿ְЦǺǣСǿǿ˵һֱȥдֽеһСָܣдʵڴѰٹżû˭Ҳû˭ұ˴ԩ޳ֺαҪء
ǳ߳ʷƽһһ˴˸ɺԺףĹż
ʷƽΪȻڵֵڴ˷ƾ㲻ںѰٹżǺ̧֣ͷбŽٽһֵֵѣ˵˵ҵĻ޵
ͷ΢΢ȻʷƽĻУָ
һѵ⣬һӦŶȻ֪ĳϣ֪ĳ䣿ǰĽ鵺ۺֻλֵܳͷ䱾ûʷƽ޽˺ĺ꣬Ҳ̶̴档Էȴſڵϣܲ˸е졣
ʷƽַ룬һЦ˵һǴԵҪͷ¶β
һһƲѪ֣δƣֳ̧һȻ£ȵ
ͷͷһݣԼֵͬӰʷƽ
ʷƽٲݣæˣ󺰣ڴˡ
ڴɲǣȵܺȻ졣ʮӰӵ³𣬲ǧƣ֮âᱬһռذĴȻơʱһĺ𽣡赲ҵȻըһضɽҡ
ߡ
һնϺȣ漴ڰգڴɵķ˲ӿ̶ݺݻӶ˫ۣһǧɵĽɽХȥ
ֵҵǿͻϮһɷֶƥһóŵӰƿն
֮ͬʱɽܵʮӰ־ɽȴ﷽Բǧ¶ʱɱɭɭܲ䡢䡢䡪һըĺȻζ˼¡ǻȻһ᲻ɴݣʹֵ˵ƾա
һӰĵ䣬Բʣҧһڣȵƾ󷨣ơٴγ𣬲ӳ˫ȭһɫӰ֮ƾ֣β̣˲仯һɽҡͷβצХȥ
䡪
һը죬ɽȴֻǧƵҲʮӳ֮£Ǿ޴˲ȹ̶Ȼơ
һٴ޹ڰ֮С
ϤЦ⴫Ǻǣ˻ԪɼʦĶܱ俴󷨣ȴȻһ㼴ʹһ壬ֶθǿҲڽӣǺǡ
һĬȻƬ̣Цᣬת׸ϳĹâȻͻȻֱ£߳ߡ


1392 ܹ
ȵ֮䣬һӰͣͣҪѭŽƵĿ϶ȥ
ʷƽէһ̣һûȥ˭⡣һͷǿ֮ʣʹܱͭǽڡ󷨲סֵܣҲ䱾
֮£ʷƽѰ˰ĳ·ֻƬ̣߳󷨡֮ʣٴν֦
Ҫ֪˾޴󷨣вݱǣǧȻΪʷƽͨԼʱµķ϶
һÿ죬ѴӰм£һȴȥƲת֮ѽ׷ʷƽĲԶ뻢ͷԸ˽ֻΪ໥ӦԷݡ
ʷƽ֣æ󺰣ʦ־ҡ֪ʱٲ˼ɡֻҪԷ׷ϣؽʮ³
һκɣ㴩ڽƵķ϶֮СΨб䣬ǰ㵯һɷ׻
ʮʷƽԲɣɱڱֻӳ󷨶Ӧԣ̲סǼȣʦ֣ʦ㻤ҡ
顪
ʷƽĺܽƵķ϶ɷ׻ײһεǽڶȻըȼƬ̲ŻϨ
һͬȥƱ裬ֻþʹͣ¶˫أȴԻͫ˸ɱȻǰʷƽһۣת󡣼֮⣬뻢ͷŭݡֵ䱾˲ɵЦ£
ڶĵǿ󷨽ص£ѹ֮ǰ޴ӲȻԷıѾãִѰƶͶҲ⡣ֻһȻ٣ûκΡĽ֮ǰҪȥǿ⡢ԼΧľȡҪȥȻ޴ӻرܣ
ϴǻͷĴ⣬ĵ
ϴçײ֮
Լҵϴѵ⼸䷴ûɶȻڴʱ¶ԳЦݣʱûͷβѣ̲סһ̾Ѽʶ󷨵ǿԷĽթݶҲǰûڲѡ
һߵλֵܵԣΪȻ˵ǧѣѰסȻײˣֺգСģµˡ浽չͷǸȻҺƵһֻˡ
ͷȻ֪Լϴڳ԰οΪ֮ԻֻҪֵģη壡
һ˵һâ˲ȥߵģָ˱Ŀλֵܼ״Ҳ漴ر𡣶ٴλƳǸԸʷƽתͫ˸⡣
ʱɽ֮УǺһ޴ǰ֮⣬Χʮλɵĸ֡ԶİУİӰһˣӣλ뷢Ұ׵ߣԪʥӡҡ󷨵ܣʮλʿһǶĸ֡
ǳ׼ƲһʱĲִٶͣһıѾõ壡壬Ҳ޷νĻԪ󣬾ȻɶܱٲǬءɭϱݣġ֮Ҳûô
һͶһգʳĪǣǺǡ
ӵЦԼ֮¶š󷨵ʶΪ˫ı˴˹ͨҲް
һû᳾ӣת߳ʷƽ֮ǰε̽ǶֵܵĴɻ󡣶ȷ֮󣬱գ޷Ҫˣⲻ֪պ˺һ٣ʵ鲢ĻڹִԲʱļաʵ˭й¶ĳ١
֮⣬ʷƽԭǻ
Ԫ٣Ϊ᲻ƣȴǣһȫֻҪܵıݣҲе·ǸһͷۣʲŲе飬漴㱻ƱƽʹԼת֮ʱ˿ָ̣
ʷƽƬ̣ѭһʶԼӶ꣬п˵˵ᣬѻԵ˻ģҲЩֶΡһϷŰЦأ㻹ǱŪڹ֮䣬Ҳˡַ룬־ֵʦʧȥ˿Ȩλʦ֮ʹ˼ʹ˿ãǱ㽫ŵӡ˭й¶һ٣ˡ޿ɷ棡ѱɱңǺǡ
֮⣬ϵЦûˡڵĶԻλ½ʦܣδ⾫ͷŵӣߡ
ʷƽ˵ܹ֮ƣ˼ʦ˼ҵ㡣ΪŵӣԵСֵͶһ̣Ѷֻʦǰʢ伴չǺǡ⣬ɷ
ʢ䣿һв⣬Էſ˵ʦ棬ǧġ
ʷʦܣԣĳЩͷʷƽ˵ſڴϣŴֵһ֪飬βң
ʷƽΣֻñտڲ˳ӵľֹУȴ¶̬
һת⣬Ŷνܹ֮ƣǲԪʥйء
Ԫʥӣ֮ǰڽ鵺żλˣʱڳӵңȴһɫ糣һ
ӸЦ˵˭й¶٣ʱԼǧĵһһ֮С
һԵͷǸȻҵˣ˵Ťǰ˼οӣֵܼȻ֮У޹˼ɣ˵
뻢ͷĬĬ˸ɫ²⣬ȴԹǷ֮⣬һֵһһ󡣻ԪȻ᲻ƣеĽ֮仹㹻ķ϶ɹ߶
ЦǺǣʦӵ϶ؽѭ̲һ·ѰǱǲϼغ򡭡
һɫȻͷ˵ǧĳȥʱǡǷĳ֮󡣿޷粻ˣ±Ȼ򡭡
Ӽ˵ݻòٹأһֱѰ䣬鵺Ǳؾ֮ءȻ㻹ˡ
һ֮˵⣺Ԫʥڽ鵺ֵˣģΨִݾߣܹݡ
Ӷ˶٣ȻΪʵαһơ
һԹ˵̫أʷƽǰ֮̽ŸҶ϶ֵܵ·˾ĻԪԼʮص󱲡
ӵɫЩҡҡͷЦһ㼴츳ԵҲӶˡ
һ𣬷ʵΪ󷨱סĳˣһ˦ϵȦʯͷҪλֵȥȴ˫üбɫ΢䡣
֮ͬʱɽðӵӰе˾еİ˿ԵλǺǣǸһȣʵթԣҲп飬ϤڴͣƬ̣Ȼáλҿ˷󣬱ô


1393 ս
ϸüϸĿɫƣŶ룬ΣǸ˭ˣһҲİȻǵµĴеλ˺ˣһ
ӽǣӾҿڳѷ֪һһУԹⲻơ
ͷһ߬ɷһֵֻȭͷø°죬ش˴ͳģȻǸвŮĶļʾ԰꣬һԵϴ漴ٲ
һɫЩѿѪ
˵ϵӵԶţ˾˴͡ӲΥ仨µŵԣǱΪ飬Ǳĳ˵һһӷ嶥ɽʯѰ˰˿ǡǡǴǰвµķݷҲ˵мΪҵضϾԼֵ˵һ·
ʱԵѴнӹ漴ͬһλ߱󷨷ӱǶվڷ嶥ϣ欣һݹ
̤ӭϼּԪʥǾֺѣѡ̨ѳƺԷ
ǽߣھбһشħĴ֮һͬ볾ӵ˻ֵֽ֮žһ飬֣ʾѷ󣬻д֮ܣǼʱϡ
ӲΪȻЦʦĻԪ󷨣붴·ͼŶݷѣֻͽ޹ˣҪлλϵǺǡ
ɫв죬Ƴ۳ӣɢȥмת󷨴һ˵һʮأٴطֵ֪꣬θ롭
֮У뻢ͷɫϴ·Ҳ۳٣ǰ˿תȴ˸ӣʹһлȻټλԼʮλɵ֣鷳ˡ
һ£ת˲ѻָ˳̬ʵѣҼǵѹ˳λϣԵֳҪ֪ħƴ㲻ˡ
ΪǿҲǺĸ֮һȴһ²شΪ˹ڻ䱾ȡЦ䣬ȴϷԷԵ䣬ɵûҡҡͷ̫ܵأҴ˿̣ȻƴΣֵѲҲﳤȥħǹ̲Է⣬ʵʴӣֺηǿߣܵҵгɡԸʹ˶˵ϧֵ̾ڽӣΪ֮ɡ
һǷһĨЦ⣬˵лѵ֮飬ԸҲٳΪ֣
΢΢£̨طȥ;ȻԶӭᣬȥתһɽΡֺòɣֻöԭضɫΡ
֮⣬Ȼǽ䱸ɭϡǳӡԪӡʥӣʮλ֣һ԰ȴֻʹټɽȸɱĺ⡣
ͷͲס˵ϴȥΪҪ²˳١
ѿߣѰ󷨣סֵܡԪ붴żַ·ѳ󷨵ķ룬ʮֵȫӳ֣ٲͭǽڶ᲻ɴݡ
ͷۼѵ־ܣۼҾ
ҡҡͷתһ˵ϴ󣡳ӷڵȴĵ֮硭ã֪һ
һɱľء
һתλֵܣ˵֮ʣת֮ʱ԰꣬ʱֻҷԸɣ΢΢һЦתԶֵӣĳŴԵζ𱨡
ͷʱɵֿ졢ݺݻӶȭͷֻҪܰ󷨵η塣Ȼɽ𺣣ֻһɨ˷
ȴô룬ǰǡ֪һǳأټ˵󻰵ʱ򡭡
ӱ˫վɽ֮ϣٷԶòڡŴԼżɽȵԼ˿ɵһֵͦһµһУ˺ĺţȻ˴˶²ᡣݾӦˬ仰˴ֲʤؿȻһ̾仨⣬ˮ顭
ƣɵСˣĪҪŮˡһŤֻ±ŮҪԹ֣
ĴƮ¿֮ʣñҶǰϧмСνͶ֮袡˵ԻֳǰŤӣм־Ȼ̬
һҡҡͷ˵ӣ仨޲ɱ㣬ǲ̣ǲмΪ֮κһζѰ˭ҲȲ㣡ӣڶԷͨ籨šҶȵȣöʣ̧óϽ«λֵʾķ羰βˡ
˴ɭϣǿлţа羰ԣȻϴ£ֵܷ㣡뻢ͷó˸ԵİС̳ӣֻܽһ͹ࡣ
һһžƣһԭŲӶɫĪ
ĳֵǱǧ֮һֱ伣͵̣޷Ҫܿˣֻ»ûʱ
룬Ϊãͨδɣǿȡʤ
㣬վ㣡
Լֵй¶ٵһ̣˵̤ǧĵһ̣һսѿŲĻԪʾĿһת֮
ҲǧꡢĶԹ尾̫ãֻű˽һա
֮УһλֵܾپƳȫΧľȡ
֮⣬ڽ䱸ȴɫ졣
Ц٩Ǻǣ˻ûоơ
ԪͬǴɵ飬͵Ծ׳֮顭
ԪӰҡҡͷ˵ʷƽУδҵȻ跨ǡ
һ̯εֻҪб仯һˣʵ޲ߡʷƽǼʦİͽǱ˵ʦܣ̼⡭ڳģȻЩֻЦ⣬οʦ㵽ʷƽؽȻ
ʮǰʷƽΪ˾㽫ΪŵӲԳҡҲûӣӱһɱֻʣһв⣬Ҫ²УʷƽΪ˱ʦյϹȴ󷨶԰ΡڳǷںʦܵ޴֪
֪䣬ʱȥɽɣ˫񡭡
ڴ˼ʣһɺԶĸ򼲳۶ֳܵɽ֮ϡжĸ֣ҲʿƬ֮󣬳ɰǧ


1394 
ºɳ̲ϣ˯˴оѡǡʱ֣ϴȻķ֮ȴʴΪ֮¶
֣Ҫˡ
ƹģꣿ
򣿡
Ŷķ򣬻и˻ۡշɶݣǣ
ѸɺԻѲɻ졭
죬Ⱥڣһʱսûµĳ֮С
ָ߼ֻӷ磬Ρ
Ǻǣζٷ絹ͷ˯һΣ˻ס
ʱɽܵɽӰƼжĸֱ㲻½٣ټ졢塢顢ȸʿǧ֮ڣ
֮ҲһȺʿȻõط˵ǱһԣֻίǰΪλһҶƼ˼ұһ㳾
ӡԪӡʥӡ̨Դɫͬ
ӴԶɻڼʦĺ֮£ǧʿ۾һЩδ¶ĵҲˡ
һɽϣۼŰλʿӰеļߣ񲢲İ
ԪӸЦǺǣ£Ϊ棡
ҡҡͷӡӣеӣΪǧĵˡڵǰѹꡭ
ԪѽԶȺУΪȻǼߣ޷ǻհǰ˺С°ˡ
ں֮Уղڵĸ໥Ǵ˵ǼˣԪӲʶΪϤֻ˴־ȤͬŶûԷͻȻػǴ˵֮λȹ̣˭ֲηأ
ʥӻһ˽ǧĵʿˣ޷ҪһٶǬ󻼡ֻǽħǣЩס
ԪӰοҲܴΣֺαضǡ
ӻͷһƳ֪ʥ˵ħǵ̨¹ʦľߣԼӵĲԡ꣬ɫһʦˡ

֮Уֵ˹˾񫡣
ͷ̧סǰȻŴܸܵڱɱơһѪţģộ
˫ĵ͸ɱ˵ǳ˵ʢ𣿡
һֶɫȻ
󵱼䣬ɽȻƣǧ֮ڻ˵ʢ䣬˵һѪʢ磡ɱ¾м죬˶ϣһδ֪

֮ͬʱһλ³۵ߴӰƮȻ뷢ףƵ̣ӥ䣬֮ʣɫĪ⡣ɽһɽΣܵǧʿ׷׹ּ񡣳ӵ˸ӭǰȥڳưݼʦǼˣ޲мӡ
λߣǾˣż˵˵ͷ۹ӹܣʮȺһ٣ȴϾᣬתǰ󷨣ɫ΢΢Ȼ漴ִ㵵ʷƽ֮С
æԭίʵ棬ֻһ̫黫թټϻԪƿ磬Ϊ㡣Ըʦʱȳʦܣʦֻ֮飬ȵȡ
ǹ°ľû׷ǰ̤Ǹ߸ڰ֮Уһֱһָ룬˵ǧǧ֮۾ֻΪ֤һ׮Թ˽ᡭɤŲȴǧ
һɽϵȺУվżλȲߡеλüĿЩƣǳᵽӡߣдӣԲǵӡ֮ʣ⼸˽Ծʾ⡣Ҳ˫ϵΣٻҪȫ档
ɽеΣӲɵðҡͷתԵӴǱ˵һʲô˫ȫĸˣһçײԶԷ˵ĺطǧģ縺ɻʴУҿȶ²ŽԱʵͳĲѡ˭ĽȻ෴
Ӹ͵ǰǧ֮ҪͶĲס֮⣬ֵܼȻװǱС¹ˣµ֮У˴Ĵ֮ԴУ
ҲЩɥ˵ϵܣĪǿˣˣһ²һ£Ҿʹ˻תӵķ˵ðŷٴγɽ;֪ɻͽʧھǼ˱ǰ̽ʵļǸһȴѳޡ룬ʱգܲĻ
ӼתҪߣæЦλֳԷԼӡӽҡͷЩΣֻ֮˵Ҳ⣬ֻѼλֳһƽӹΪħ֮˻ģþʦڣ̧һֵָȻ˴䡣⣬оϡҿ˵
֮ͬʱԶĻ֪ʦһͽΪʦŵĴвԶ⣬ʹǧĶʢ١
ĻɣԴǿУϵִ̬żʹĵΣ֮ݡַ̡֮룬תҵϤĺǱǧģҶһǱԪڽսթܻ񣡿ɼѭӦˬ修Ȼһֹ̾˹ڸлӢֵʷͬ۾ʢǡʱҲŻڽ񳯣Ǽ
֮Уʷƽԭء̧ɫܡʦ֮ʣУɼ˼ҶԼĺмӡֵڽӣǳȫʷĳĴһǺǣ
ʷƽڼ⡣ߡֵ˲δţڳһֵĦȭƵļƣΨǸһֹ糣ԶľĬĬ
ǰ̧һָȻȵļһҪѪϴˢʦŵĳ裻Ĳл֤꣬ɻһףһ仰ǧҲˡ
ͷ̲סģҧһڶ֡
ҧҧ˵Ҳɱ㣬Ҫ۸֮ҫ򵥡˶ϣֵ޷֮գ
ԣֵ˼ʹ󷨵ĽҲԾԼڳǧʿʵͽӵӴԺֻº֮򲻹ӲãֵȻ뵽ǰδеľ֮У
һû˵ı۰򡣶Էɫһ̧Ӧȴתͷһۣ漴ǰ˼ֹڰολֵܣֻĽ
һ´֮ȸ˵ͷ漴̤ת֮ѵ󷨵ʮ֮⣬һڵӰӸ߳һϷΪУϷڲ
һ粵أԱ˫ֶɫݡ
кһһӡԪȻһɱڶ
ļ尾ȴνѾĻȴһ۶ͽ޻˽յʱ˺͡첻ˣһСϷôʰ㣡
Ҫʩɫһ
ֻеǵӰͻȻˣֵֻ꣬һ˻Ȼϴķ࣬һǼֱţŭϴ壬ֵܡ


1395 ֮
Ӷ¶ڴɫȻɽϣվŶʮλʿȺռһط˴˾ˮˮļƣһĪӡ
һЩֵ֮һӡǽж֪ۼұĿɽŹأߣ
ֻһҶ࣬ʱܴǼ˴󹦣ָøİҪùĳ˵塭
һţһպ˲硣뵱һ뿪仨֮ԼȻȻط˴򣬽ûɽ춼ϢȴλĸˡԼʱͱһλķɶ۷漴ݵڵأֻΪ飡
ţǲһĳļһֻ̧ž˹λȴ崺㺬ЦĬʣλڵǰԼǰɽֻ󹦸գʹء
뵽˴ؿס£漴̧ǰĶ˳ɽУδӶ˵Ҫ߶ɱ֮ʣûʧʱʧ٣ֻĿֱ
һڴĿȨһֻ̡·ҺߣĪٸˣ
ӽ˫֣۹һԶеΣϡĺ΢΢Ŷסһͳ
֪ΪΣ˺ͣǴǹâеѼ˺£
ּĪޣ΢Īݽ棬ŲףԸʶ䡭
ǡڴʱԼĻƮĳɱ¾οһκ·谭ǣҽ黯
Уͷһ飬δüѭȥѱν˲ڿնȻʧ֡ŽſڣΪʧ躮۷ڣһϤϡ·𣬶ȥԶ

ɽȵİ֮Уɫ㵡
߶ɱ֮ʱǸһȻˡ󷨽ɭϡ˭ٸߵΪҲѡĪ˵ϢҺ޲Сӵأѵ˵ƣֻסһ߷Ӱ
ڴʱɽͻȻӰһλǸˣŻۣҷ磬˫üба񣬲ץһȥӣתڿǧɣķһڴˡ
ڳǧʿ˺ȻͣʩԲԣ˭ͻ״ɵһȻ
ȺеӾæʾ⡣
ӵٽɽȣѷе쳣һسֵһ̣ԪӽĿɿڴԪȴ۹˸ϵҲ˼̨֡ɫĪ
ѭȥһʱ
뱨ǲһ˭˴˾ɻҶϵ
ͷɣתµ󷨡ǽڣʶ֮У֮ǰǸһӰö룬Ӧıɣ˳ץסͨ籨ŵӡ
Ŀ֮£һˣϺ֮󣬸ɽеλֵܣǻӱ۴·ץ֮ȻըһѪŽӻ⣡
ǵŵӰһܵγˮٲɣ΢΢˵ͷ֮ɲǣǧʿɽܰεض˲ڰаڳһ﷽ԲĺΧ֮ơµʿڼ
һأ԰ȻգǽλԼΪڶʿδٷ̤һƲЦǺǣĳ£κξߵڰףɥĲټʦȵ޳֮٣Ȼ񹲷ߵĵزۿɻڴˣҪŭѡ˼Զ߾죬塭
վԭû۹ȴɫһ
֮Уڶʿᣬ漴ԶΧٶָǳǰͷһɱڡƣҪ۶֮
һȻ޿ְģĳҪߣס𣿡
һ֮󣬱һֱûԷȻһ˵ڻ˿׽ĿǣʵΪβߣ
һʶ֮У˴˵һĿȻλҵĻаɵü̧ۿ죬ת˵ĳȻǧˣͽһ֮أȻʾҪʹ˶ա
ʾ֣ס£漴˦Ӧǽʾɽ䰵зԸ˷׷ֹסȥơһĴսҳ˫Ķš
һ֮ǧӰɴŵЦ
Ǳƹĸ֮УӡԪӡʥԼ˻ȻСȴԶԶɽе󷨣ЩɲԶɽϣΧڶĵͽʿҲΪǿߣڹĻĪ⡣
һԶ龰˵ǡǧĵĸѻڴˣĳ˲̹桭£˵ĳⲻ٣ͳв٣縺ŵĶԹҲ١
ϷֻҪʾݵǣ
һ˵꣬ԴϡǰѷųֵʦŵĶԹʵСӵʵԸ£ǲԱ硣ƾԷʧȻڱҪ߳΢΢ü
ֻ·֮УͻȻһǱһֵܣȻԶʷƽ˹ȥ
ͷһհŭңһܻشţģͬھǰһ汳ġ
һԲʹȫΪֻܽ߳ݺƵķ϶
䡢䡢䡪
ϣ󷨼ζֵܵȻ֮£Ȼ˲ƽʷƽ֮⡣ʷƽǰȥ·ǿ񻢷ôȣʦˡ
̧
ɽ֮УȻһâԪ͵ǧ໥ѹɱŰĺ쳹ķ뻢ͷܲˣһֱǰ壬󷨵ı仯ֽƱƹȥɡ
ʷƽȻȻȴ⡣֮˵ֵܻ᲻ͬھ鼱Σֻٴδ󺰣ʦ
Գٻ̶ּһֻһ֡յĵ֮УʷƽϺԼ⣬֮ܲˡֵŭһűͬھͷ
֮䣬ʮĻԪٿȻʧʷƽÿ죬͵մ𣬲޺޽еʦˡ
ȥ󷨣оȵ֮ģȻҲɱ֮⡣ǶֵܣǷϵһұۡǡʱܴһԶİȻ¡
뻢ͷû󷨵ȴ˫˫˼󷨶ԿǿƵظСɡټ㾡ȫĿ񹥣ȥһɵΪܻȻʣЩѵĻ㱡׺ֵЩҡϴ⣬Χ
ΣͷͻȻ֣֮顱һ죬ŽذɵʷƽڰըǷҽжֻܹһѪƮһӰ֣ȻȥٿȻ֮䣬ϵ뻢ͷʧȥӰ
ڰ;򶨣ŭɶ˫伱ڹŭһ㾹ƭϷ򡭡


1396 ۻ
һۻҡ
ɽȴȥһ˲䣬һһͻȻˣѸײڶ֮ɱʷƽٳûϾӦ뻢ͷһһΧ֮С
龰ĿǷھƤӵ¡ʤȯգȴƾڣŵӱɱ޴ȣǧδ棿ʢŭͣɱĴ𲢶׷־䣬һɫĹâХ˲һߺɫɢҿ죬ɷǾˣ
һ˫ָץһˣȥ
ȴѵ죬һɫȻǶͻϮһѱɱƲɵ
һҵƽ뻢ͷ˳ȥ̧һüģԶΧеһһȻʧΪ֮һʢּһַ࣬׷ɣʮ׹к¡
֮䣬ײ档ķ֮һ٣ڵļ󣬶ǿķȻɴͶ쳣˭ʮ׹Ȼʱ
䡢䡢䡪
֮УâӳĽǵɫʧȥ˷âΪ֮һ
û뵽һӦ֮죬Ȼ֣ˡȵ
һһԭأһһð˳ǰߵʧΧܵ˴󳹴򡣳׵ĺߣǱǲȻᲪȻŭ
ǧʿ֮ʣ̴˷˹ȴһ£ֹֻסơҪֵ֪ĶԾǧ谭ҪȫʩΪˡ
ֻİ֮УǧʿΧ˸Ȧ뻢ͷȥ·ϾֻתֱϡϺһڹ֮£ȻδѾ
׷ᣬ˫ǲŽٻĺɫȻ漴һž޴˲ʱһա
һҪߣΪʱδؾ̤һӳ֮⡣֮ʱܺǰ뻢ͷҲУ᧿Σ
ڶʿ״Ƿ׷˺ܣΨ꼰ǿǶڸ˵ĺȻһĴͨ
һ죬ǺյĶ֮ɲǣźڹ˷̺ɱ֮ɭȻĪ⣬ٲȻǶض֮ơ뻢ͷȺԼҵϴһʱȴγͶ衣ֻת֮䣬ֵҪ֮С
һںĵ䣬Իܱɭɭɱأ½϶ȥ·Ͼò˴ϢĹ򣬽Ų֮еķͨڴ˲ִ֮Ҳ޴Ӧ䡣䲻룬ͷһᣬʱӿһɷ棬ٳ˫ֽգȻϵתسȥ
ʮ֮⣬أ־Ӷӳ֡ͨͣ£ڷһĨЦȴǺⲻ
һɱӣ޹ؽҪɱ˿Ȩӣ̡ʲּΪŵɱʷƽȴ޿̡ϷӶǲʬΣʵͷ֮ޣʾ봫ΣΪãһշתʧһУսϷСĿ֮£巨ȫ˭Ĵ飬˭аĲӽϷǵۻͳյİ˻飬ǣ
ǸĻĸˣҲǸ̵ǿߣı󶯣гƱҪ˶ȫǡǡ¹ɻʵĴУȴһһεĹܴɣʵĵȴбܼ尾ͻȻ֮䣬Ե֣ǰֿɼܲ˸пǧ
ڴʱһӰͻ磬ײƣǧɽݺ¡Ǳװƣƥɱ綴ڸֵȫһ׺쳣
ڲ䣬΢΢һȴѲ룬æ˫߶
֮˲䣬ǵɫĽâŭķƣ˺գŻصƺȻűǡ䡪һڰը˷֮£﷽ԲȻĿ쭡
ȺʮɣסľСӵΪߣǿķȴȶڵĸֻ֣ǶԷͻϮĶײ֮£ѷһ˲յ˳ȥμΪǱ
ߣһڴɵСӣǶԲǰĶ֡Ľ֮Ȼܵ³
þսӲŹκһݼŵʤһܣϾԱ˱Ľ׷ȥּ̧һ⣬Ҫһжǰб䡣
һڰշ״Ϊȴڰ˵˲䣬Ϊصػ伲˦һֶ֮գۼӭײ׷ľ䲻ݻ֮ʣɻǵ֮
ɫһʱϮ֮
һȭͷСɫʯȻ֮⣬гҶĪ֮з׹ǡٽ
񷨱ʲô
ɻȴߣϴ˳ɫʯȥŻǱӰָ˴ݣаЦɫ̧һָ
飿
ͷһвһ׹ٿȻűǡһըľ졣ӭͷϮ齫âȻѡ֮ɲǣŭ羪ΰ׻Ȼкٽٶҡ޴ӵֵƺ㱻Ʒ˳ȥ
ڴͬʱڲдĺ˲ѱ׻֮ɨһաǧʿĿȻܲɽܵɽϣͬǾ͡
׹Ȼʧڻ졣ԶܸܵŰֱΪ֮ս̿޴룡췣ĪˡǿˣҲѵһ
һǺ춯ص׻𣬲ʲô
ʤǿȡʤ֮ǳϣһòᣬȴ˻ģĿãȻ飬붴ڸᲢ۵Ĵڡ
ɳȥٶԶվΣȴ飬뷢ңɫ԰ףǻһĨѪȻ˴ˡŵҡͷԾϢֻҩ£ؿ̧ۿȥ˫ͫɵ΢΢һ
ǧ֮⣬һ̤ӭ磬˦ҷԶӰ΢΢˵ͷеģȫ޴սĽšˣԵþĪ⡣ھǧʿտ¡Դȣ
׳˶Ӱ뻢ͷֵûΧ赲һʱȥ硣ϴһٻ˾˶ʱ񲢼æԶء
ϴ̫ˣͷƭˣĪ˵϶۹
ͷһǰ̲סЦҡԴֵ˵϶֮ʣ֮ʱ˭㱾ʼУ֡϶ϷˣֵܿɾͲඡ


1397 ս
һۻҵıֵ֮˾һ
ͷ˵Ĳŵһл֡
ٽһһͷһĪľɱͷеһ־жδֹʷƽٴʱĲ֮ŨҡȵؿȺɽƣһĺõطʷƽм̫죬ǽΪ֮أ
ʷƽ֮⣬Զ쳣һͷѳ˹ȥֻ뽫ǸϷŪĶɱ֮졣һԼãԪԷ⣬䱾ɽ֮СԷֵܸҪΪȡˣҲͲһ
ǳи̾ԤУǺõĲ顢顣ǳ׵ĵڴ˴ͨ
ȻԪȻǱڵɱȻȻ֮ҪӦΪʱ̫һͻΧɣ漴ѳ֮޷ڰοֵܣͬʱҲƽϡ֮νѹͷоΣ֮ʱеȥݡٽٶЦƵһȣ
ˣʷƽİΣΪУҲʦͽ
һľٶУȴʼմһԲڳδӰڲģʵǲ¶ֻǽŰλֵܵʱĽϵȦд˼䡣߶󷨽ɱһ̣ͻȻȦȥͷ̬ԱǱԶķ֮ǳ
һǧ֮󣬽Բ֮еǳټϡĻ֮˲伣֮⣬ֻ쾳֮˿Բ
һԪʼվӵĲԶǱţɱ˲˳ƶΪԷ˼֮ʣв֪ѽߵľͷһŤ֮ˣţֻ
һһˮͽսӣҪһ˵ɶԷۡ⣬Χɱǻͷ漴ͬھٴþͶ˼ɡ
ƭˣαĪ֮ǰ᳷ȥ󷨣вΪˡһֱ󷨵ԵʣĻɼһߡδüԸһǱߵʷƽкȡȨط˭ϳȥ֮ʱǺ˵ӵ
Ӷϵ˭Ҳ߳ŭ
׿еֻ֣ҪǸɶСɱ֮죡ȴˣֲɱУԣиսηǣǺɱת
֣ϸӣתҲ̶̵˲䡭
һɫ糣̧ۿܡ
ǽǧӰȻڳΧƣȴɢڰҿǰǶվԭһɫĪ⡣
´һϴһʯ˹ȥ˵ϴ󣬻Ȧ
ѽϴǸȦԱܿʶֻУѰټֻȥķӰķȻͱ˱𡭡ͷû˹˼ɣ޵ټ١ʵʵû˱ټ϶Уδֻñȳȥ󷨣ǺͽܵС¸£
ڻͷʲвأ㽫ٲľء˵տһ٣ºȴֶĶǣҲƵĲߣʵ˷ܣЦ֮²ϴ϶飬ģ
ΪȻ͵ϴʵֻһţԺɱڵĸ֡
һЦЦ۹ȴ͸һ˿ȻĪҪ⣬һвŽʼѡ˵Ȧϣת߿
̷˵ҩ֮԰ġȴ泩סش˿ڴϷ˶թϸıƣռ˼ҵıˣ˭ϽȴСӸһأɶ񡭡
飬̺׽֮ǵ֮ƣȻڵɻ֣֪֮ϷΪ㹻ǿ󣬺ߡ
ĳķ龰֣Ƿᡭ
ʵĻͣɣеĵ٩ֻ֮СóǧǵӰƤ鴤£ŭֱͷжʱһ⡣ġϾأ֪Ϥ˴µסڷԭίȴˡ
һǰЩϧ֪㱾ǿ󣬱뷢
ⲻǹάӣ
ź룬ָЩһΪϷġΪΪ
ƣνľɱ˶޹
һ̣޿ֵȻûзֳӮֺηŽء
ʱܹƣ֮ǰɵһǿ͵֪ʦľδɣϾı飬಻֪֧֮Ŷá
˲䣬ԶĽǧʿٴΰڳΧơ֮ǰͬ˵ľٶࡣ
뻢ͷʾԳֵɫ䱸
һȴûܵηֻǶȻɤţȻȵλҪ۹ѣĳǡڶ֮ǰ˵⼸䡣ȻĻ顭
ĿáڵǰԵֵֺο˺
ΧĽǧʿʱͣһɲ˲ԸźָһҪǿǰһ˵ˣĳ¼䣬ΪʣֻΪʾɻʴе䣬֮λҪɱҲãᱦҲգϤ㡭
ʾһȴܵ˽עģæϵһݵԹƻ󡭡СΰġУ⡣ǲȻֺý㾳أ
һһ˦˫֣ͦأȻ߳¹صۿ𴫳УݶϷ
ǿ͸һ˼ɷ˵ӡԪӡʥӣ˶֡ŭ֮ʣ۹һɫнǡǰǲǸСѣʱȴɱԾ󻼡
ӵ鲻ǲʷƽԵʣ֪ʦҵҪǰŷֻԪӸ˹ʥȴվûܵĽǧͬŵѣҲͬڳɹ
ǡڴʱ˳
ԶɽϷʮӰΪ׵λȲһɢƣٲȻǶڵǰˡת֮䣬һе˰֮⡣
ɫһ߳ʵӣѹɽֶ£ĪǽҪûң㴺ӡӡ̧һӣµĶʮʿ漴ס˶Էȥ·
˱裬ֻþʹڰͣ¡еӣ䱸أЦЦתҵȲǡ;˴ѣð˵ĻһȻ𴫳ейأֺηס仰δ䣬Եλһһ͵
·ͬСɣϵǧڡ
ǧ˵Ķеģһϴ
ŵλԣϵĻǵϵģڳǧʿ⶯ǳӵҲɫڴйɻʵĴУ˷ţʱܻϤһҲ׮¡
һԹ۵λ΢΢һ̣ʱл²죬ĳ縺ŵĴԹ㲻ܲڳλи˺ֽĳ˾ӱܡһ٣۹бֵǵ򡢻ȺֻӦս
ɫԱãƬ֮󣬺ҲˡҲˣ۹лһĨЦ⣬΢΢ͷӦһ㾹Ȼսˡ


1398 ֮ս
սˣ
һ֮սǧʿǷ˱ɵˡ־һĿ˵ķÿ˶ȴšҪսˣҲǲһڶڣʤͺңз˭ٴγԿ
ӿ˿ҵλͬ飬뵥ӽҡͷ˵ɫĪֲԶǸһȻЩֶΣȴδ˼ءΪɻ˽٣лҽ򽩳ȥ޲
ͷǰͶ㵲ѣֻͶضİݷΪǸ첻¡޼ɵĺˣʱϴʱμ穰
ȴ˼ת̧ͷ졣꣬߬е߳
һܵ˲ٱƽ΢΢ЦǺǣĳɽҪλ˵ϼ仰治סʾԼɻʵĴУ㲻ܲĶԹĶԹȻܲǰµɽ硭
ɽϣڶʿ֮УһӰܡĿ֮ǧɵľֵܡֻеһ֪ڵĻ۵֮󣬵ۿɻ䲻ġʾȴ˴÷зǸǧĶʷѡֻʦѣټϲȣЯʥ󣬱ġɾ죬ȴδִܵĿģ⡣ʹ˿ͼΣֻһɵ˭ϷֵƣʹɽҲûɢ³
һĻصھϿգķٴνƬ֮ϣ֮Ʈʹ׷䡢ʹ꣬Ҳʹѣ
ĳʮ꣬õķ磬õˡ澭ΪʿõˡԼۿɻʴµġ̫ؾ
һȺ˵ȷˡ澭ĴڣԶǧ֮ڽһӵ˸Ǳ˴ӣ԰ͷ֪ʾĴڣ˵̫ؾȴ޼Ϥ̫ؾɻһСӹɣ٣Ȼߵ׽֮˸ˣǳϣ
ɫɣϴЦСӻ֪Щʲô
һ˵֮ңνԵǳĳȻõɻʵĴУ൱縺ĶԹǾʹ˻رܶ޵Ϊͬݣʶĳ˴ҪλһҪ׮Թ˶ϡ֪ԡһ٣ɫֵƣʦۿߵܣγأʱʦɡЯʥ󣬱ģɾ졣ϳѶ֮䣬˻Ҳڼˡķӡںˣжͳ
Բ٣αȴ޴ӿ֤˵渵Ҳ޴Ӳɣ֮ʣʦǧĵͳ֮봫˵еʦоȻ෴в֪Ǹ˭
һɫȻһ䣬˵ǰʾΪ˵õɻشϧųʾҥԣߺģֹƻĵ£к㣬ʹɢǸմСˣΪεֵܡ˴̧һָȻȵǾ
ʱƻ裬Ӱʣ΢΢ɽ֮⣬ɽķһƬţ
ֺκѰҡʾδҴҷǧĶȡȨȴһԪ⣡㱻ĳ˷֮Ȼưոݣνĳʢ䣬޷ǻҪõɻʵĴУʣʦ棬ΪʦɻʵΨһմӣΪδ޹أȻɱ󣬺ιݣ
һ֮߳ʣǷԶԣǷѵβ
Цûˣŭһ˿⡣
ǸС˵ϼ仰Ϊ˷ܰڳˡܽϤɻʴе䣬Ҳ޲ɣ˭ſڱɷ£Ҽ߹ƻ󣬲ԣֱϷд
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һ̧һָнֱ
״ɫ΢ɱǵȴǻȻת֮һ߽ڰɢ˫ٲȻһɼԷĻٴ𣺡ǰķǧӦϵã֪ڳмλ
Ҵ˲࣬봺ӡǡһλ߻˸ɫ֣ࡣ֣֮ûˡ
ͱ˵ϷҪǾĴԣһķɽԻڣؽʳ
һһķĽٿȻصСƲƲǣĳǰĺ˶ٿĪ磬ȴûšһʱһʱ仰һתӵ˵ķ˵ĳŵԣֻҪܰǰѩޣؽ澭ݼǧڡ
˷֮⣬϶Ȼ϶˾ġУԴ˲ƣǾɱ㡣ԣУҲǸӶѣ
Զӵк˾ϡµڶʿɫ죬һĪ
һȻֵϣĳսˣ
ǧ֮⣬ǵӰķ٣ڻֱʱһλ֣ǸСѳһλǿС
һӱһֳֵĽըʮɵĽâڰɱʱصǧǰǸԭҹһͷ¶˼ĶȻֻΪһǻִѰһ˲㣡
״ŭЦСӣΪ飬ΪΪ˵۹ɨķӵʿҿԽǰȥֻơ໥һɫɡ
һܵδǽеĽббָüΪԹΪһŵԣΪ˵ͳҲΪǧĵλͬĳϧһսӦսӴ˹ǧġ
ɫһк
һأٷҷתķֵսغڶ࣡йͳߣվвɻߣվмߣվһȻȣȻ֮˲䣬ԶӦ
Ϫӣ׷ֵѡ
ɽȴӣ塭
Ҷӣͳ
̲ͬԸ׷桭
鵺빫
ӡԪµڴˡ
ɽԪӣӦսʤΣ⡭
˷ϵӰҡ
һеĽ˳һӣٴκȵҷһ֮ս


1399 ׺䶥
Ϊ֮սʤΪΪܡҲ˵ǿֻ֮һӮҡһԶĶǣֻΪսͷǿǡյߣΪǧ
ǧ㣬û㵽һһ֣
СӹǱǧģǻ𣿶Ұ󷨣þʹ˴æӴܣ˭ϲӣҪڿƽһҪָӮȻͼȡǧĵ֮λħ֮ѱԵν˵ִţΪߣھĴеĹƻ֮£ڶʿˮ
ǰǵ޿ֵӰתֿķסŭնɫڡ
Ľǧ֮ȻƲ٣зֳһİӡӡΪףһԶۼȺһǳӵµ춼ʿЩ޴롣˫ҷܵɽϣǧʿ׹ħǵ̨ȴʼ⡭
ӵ˹ɽ֣ٲҰ׶£ʵ߶Ļ־˽յľٶһ㶼⡣Ԫ춼ˣȻҲ󵹸ꣿһβ֮Сˡ
Ǻǣ֮ս
ǿŭ𣬺ǺЦŲм飬ַڱֻг֮ս
ǧ֮⣬ֵ˺ſͷ۹ʾ⣬һŻǸп塣
ϴϴǰڳ޺ģһؽֶֻܳԲ˶ߡ֮ս㹻ҿֵܴչˣǸԪӣȻԼˣû뵽ۼδʵˡ
ǳбָһ·ֻж˼ĳأ֮ǰϴ˵Ĳһнʼѡ
һǶһϣûܵα仯أԶԶžȻȵݵÆ£սս
ûмŴ𻰣Ƿ죬ȨȡᣬֺϡĬȻƬ֮󣬺ǰθΣȻǧģ޴󹦣ȴпͣ˭Ͼͽս裬ǿ벻̣ҲᣬԹֻһսһ˦ԶȺһƳתֵһҵݡԾ֮ʣڳ˫κһ˲֡ǷӦӣ
һ΢̣ЦǺǣȻսҪĪ˲ɡˣȴס¡䲻Ըȴ·ˡѾĻڵһǸǻδ֪
Զ˻˸ɫ˷ľǣ˴˲һʦŶԹ˵һŵȴҲΪʦŶԹ˭ʡȻȺ֮çе֮ǣ
εҡҡͷϵĵһͷϴֵܴǲС
һ̧һڣɵмƽϣ£
ͷִȴһߡת۵Ĺֵѵ֮⡣Ӵӵȼλӭǰ˴˼̺˼䡣
֮ͬʱӡԪӵҲ׷ԶƬ֮ϵϵǧ֮
İ֮УӰǧңңš
ɫĬĬ꣬ϺֳһĨƵóѵЦƣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣴ս֮ϷԸ뷢ɱȻʢ
һ˫üбǶǵŶ϶Ȼ򵥡
뷢ɱȻʢ˫һСڽӡŽͻȻХ֮ϷʵĻ϶Ĳ顭
ѷǴ˽֮ʵˣ˭£
΢΢һæˣ˳Ƽ㺮ơ
ת֮䣬ը飬űǡ顱΢мɽȻȫѰİƿ
֪֮ϵʱŭӣǰ漴˫伲ӣڹٿȻȥ߳˿ɶ񡭡
Ե飬ǧ֮ĻӰʧСӶݣҪû͵Ϯ
ĹգϰݣأԴ߶ɨķʩչʶѰ١˵֮ڹ֣죬ɱʱϾʮ﷽Բڵһ·˼ʣͻȻָݺץȥ
֮ɲǣһɫƿն
顪
ǵǧɵĽɫδ£ѱƷ£漴һӰ֣ΪεؽڰգȻ͵Ϯɶⰵ㡣ŸΪѸ͵ĺЮŽ֮ϮȥգۼҪ˶æң˲滤壬ƣһ΢ɲĺâϮŽ˳ץȡ赲ڡ䡱һе˳ȥ
Ҫûʹɱ֣漴ִ伲ӡʮ֮У桰죬ֱƬ֮ɢɭȻɱȴþòȥʹͣдЦ˵ֲ˵Ĳԭɷ׻֮⣬Ȼ޳˽֮һϷС㡣̵أǺǡ
֮⣬һֹס˵Σأҡζ²ȣ漴ؿһ£סƺδ׷˿ֱչ˫ۣ°һƲֻǲЦԵЩɬ
֪֮䣬һսⳡսͻȻʱ̫ڲִæҡη´Ӳ˵Ըı䣬׼ȫʱ򡣹ʶյһս޴ӱ⡣ν֮֮˵֮νԲ˳Բ˳²ɣ
ĳȻʤһ֣磬ĵһغȴǰˡ
ã͵Ϯɣʵ˾Σǰöڽ֮ټרƵɷ׻ſȫˡȻ򵥡
ʱϼ죬ڵȺ屻һƬůůĹ֮¡֮УȻɱ
⻷һʮɵĺڹƣȻΪ˷˹ʼʩһ߻ǰһߺϾַ룬һĪٲηûԶݡɱסһ
ĳˣֻ³㣡
һɫڽЦǺǣʤδδ֣ĳһ֮Էѵǧ֮⣬ֱһӣ϶ս֮һХʮӰٿȻȥգۼѽǰҸΧסһɱɭɭԴ
ȥһ٣Ųæ̧ĹˣȻϷʬܡ
ĳɷֻΪѰ
һԣûڿնһֶǧâȻը־һ㣬콣ǵ֮ǰҪƴ߶ɱ漴ǡ䡱һ죬ֻȻЮһ
콣󣬾Ȼ϶֮²һ
һ룬ҳһȵԩͷծɷ׺䶥
֮˲䣬ʮλɷ׷


1400 
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к£ʱϿջһ
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ʮλɷܣһֵͬСɡ׻̺֮һеһͨʮλʩչӵƲɵ
вû׻֮У漴㱻ŭΰ׽֮ҵ׹ʹ巨ҲЩӦæ˫裬ܵĺڹƻȻʱһ޴Ϸֻһ顱ͷߺʮɴСļӲȻѿķ϶бļ󡭡
ɷף˼壬ɷ׻׽֮ĺ϶Ϊһ޵УȴƵĿǣ
Щ⣬ݡ
ת֮䣬ʮΪ͵׻ӭÿⶼˮ״ϸֱһķ
ֻܴ߶巨ǰ壬ݺ̧ǰһָĽŽǵӰȴȰٿȻʧ
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ĽⲢӳַѵ漴£ԭ͵ϮգȥƱ裬ֻöžɡ׻ײֻٴѰͻΧ
׻֮⣬һͬûţǧɷԲ׳صѲ߮ж򣬱ȥһͨɷףƵöԷһʱ޴ôжԸħǵĴϣչʼʩ
һսȺУλ˽
޵ֵǿηȻԶйأʵ̾Ϊֹ
ַ룬˵ֵսɼΣȴڿ֮
Ӹ͵ֵıƴվ벻Ϊ
ΪȻ㽩ȥֻ¶ֵѸΪ

⼸˵ĲԶֵأԽǰս
ͷּصڣȻڽ飬̲ס˵϶Ȼȴ޷𰡣ȥͽ޹ϴβɱСϴħӡΪԵֵǿǿԾ֮ʣȫԸģ
ҡҡͷ˵ûƴʱ򡭡
ͷ
ĬȻƬ̣˵δȫ̽ϴǳϴΪԶһ濹⣬ֻýɷΧͼлɳˡǵͷᶯɱСһ֣ʤ֡
ͷȻ˵ϴȡʤİա
һ룬ϴ£ʵʵ֮ҪսǲսսΪս
ͷεҡԴԹ˵磬׻дɬδ桭ɶȴ»ӡԴע˾Դ̸ϴļַ緶
ؿ£Ӧ׶༪٣ٳĬĬ
ЩֻԴϴһǧΪУǱսֻԷΪáȻӵ˵ӵҲ޷һʱļˡսܡߣһжǰֻ·ӣΨսһ;
ͷƬ̣ȴûģ漴ںغߺһ׶༪ֵη塭
İ֮Уʮλɷܻǧɶת֮ͣһ׾ȥֻ״
׻֮УǿŲ׹͸ҫĿ׻ٲɼӰĴҡΡκѷݽߣֻѰȥ·ѵģ
׻֮⣬һžӰƶ
϶ǳѾõĸ֣Ϊʵǿˣֻѱ촷ۡŵҲΣԸԺȥЩķ˳Ϊ
һžĶԷȥ˻ƣҡεӰٿȻһֱԼķδɣ漴ӭͷϲּףʮɷ׿кȥ
Ʋȴ̧һ㡣ǲŽȥȻը˲Х֮ɲǣƬƬŨīĹâı졣һȷŰ׻Ȼ޶١ŸΪɱɨķϷʵĻ𣺡һСƵϷʹľĪɡ
һɫ΢䣬æˡ
ת֮䣬ŭϮĺâѱƵʮ֮⡣Ǵݻǵض޴Ӷܣ
һ˫伲ӣһķٿȻɳ͵ĺŭƵϮܲˣӱ۷һץ֮ձѶէ𡣽赲Ĺһ䱾˽ɶϣüԶΡ
ڵ׻Ȼʧ٣ʮһؾֶӡʮλɷֹֻܾһ߾߱׹ɽȡƱЦӶ
һͷһּ䷨Ӱ
Ϣ֮䣬ɱܲĺʮķԲյֺϣĹٴμϮܣȥ·ޡɱٽǵĺ˾͡
һҵһָ
˲䣬һѪɷƵĹâƿǱһϺڵѪգ͸ŲɢĪɱ΢΢˸֮жٿȻŭš

һ죬طɲǣѪȻըǡ챻ͨɵ̰һкХʤ׻ƿն

ݺײϯĺ֮һǵĺķһ̱ײʮ֮ڣӦըŰݣ
ıѾöһеƣסЦǡһ·ӣܻ׽˭϶ԷͨˣȻʹù衣벻⣬ƮƮЮһâֳǰݺһץ䷨ڽ֯ĺȻ̶䣬˲仯ˮ˿˿ƣϣŽűѻɿ㸲¡̺Ľ֮ۻĪֻҪ𳤿նأ
һڲ֮£һʽͨԴ֮ʩԶʤŽʮ漴ʩչӳ֣ȴѵϮ֮ơǳ׼ѶԲΪʹĽҪΪǿ󡭡
ǺǣһСʲŵͨҲס
֮ͬʱЦ̤ˣ־ɣЦֵκϷľоŵ仯ʲһˡҿˮ
ӲӲĽ޻ɿѰ˫ȵΪƴǷĲʤ
ҲǾĹƣȣڳ˫κһ˲֮֡һ̽ȻѣΪԶѷһһ޿ɱܡ޿ӣ޴Ӻȣ
һԣı߹ÿһ·ÿһǵԽÿһ߷壬ֵֺĽңֻϴѪ̣Ըε飡մʱòپٴαˮһս
䲻ݻ㸲
һٴαȰοնȻһָͳ߳ǣ̣ϻ磻ţ𡭡


1401 ֲ
֮սλײʱǡĺɫ֮ʡİ֮Уȴ׻˸ڡŭαӿէȻһǬҲҹ˫ֻǴпкɱ̫ٲ췭ظһƷǳ
ܵɽϣûӰսǧʿ㵽Զ˫ĸ֣Ҳ˵ǧ֮⡣
һȺУӼʦ˼ʤΪȻЦЦһƳűĵɫԶ
սңңİˣΪ׵ڶ֡һȺСˣβ˵޳ֻ֮ʦɱһʱ򲻷˭֮ġ
ԪվڳӵԣɫЩңЩȻҲмֵĲ⡣˵ǿĿãû˿׺ڴǰĽ鵺Ԫһ£ֻǲԸԷİˡȻĸԸ׷һĺ󱲣ѬģϺͿˡ
һȺУӡӡ뵥ӵȼλɫעȴָûʧ
ǰսΣעֻԹۡԸãҪԸȴǺѡ֮ǰľЩ̫뵱Ȼˡһֶͨζ䣬ҲǾĶְһڴɣһԲߵΪ̫ԶûʤȻ֪ˣΪλͦվڲأںǧĵĵͳǼĴڣǴǾʾŵջʤ
ͷ۵ɵúԲ߬úܽһŻúܺ졣첲ǱһֻץúܽʵοֺѲá̲ͣסԹѽ磡ϴβؽȭ
뻢ͷվţצĴһ㲻ϷɣӲʵһɱֻ͸űţԵüΪ顣ƾͷƬ̣ŵͳ˵ϴȣҶܻ˹ءȻ˵յһཫǰ
ͷ߷ߵѵҪϴԿΪ⣬ӲŲʲôƨء
ΪȻֵӮҲϴ⣬桭
ͷ£ʵ࣬ȴʾߣ㽫ںεء˴ֻñץĴָ첲һ룬æһ׿ȥʧϴɱˡ

ǧɵİ֮Уˮ֮ϣһӰȥһӰ׷ۿǰеһ̧һָҵɱڽ֯ȴǻȻһ䡣
ֻԶͻȻŨƷڣڡסࡢв֮ͬ󺮷磬˷ĪƣٲȻ޼᲻ߣ׻ƲɵȸĲп飬ĿԱŰǿۻ֮һֻϵɱֻݻ٣
ת֮䣬ǧ֮һƬڰŨضѸ͵ɱķһǬߵĩս١ɲǣϾǲŽûˮʧϣ¡¡ĺ̮䡣֮ճŶɱޱߵɨأ
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һò׷֣Ͼʹ˰ݡһսƱҪ֮ⷽСͷδ׷һƥɱȻͷһȴܣæٳתŭ
ڴ˼ʣһӰպȻ¡ʮ֮⣬һϤӰͱ
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һлȻһе˳ȥ֮Ӱɢ䱾أշֱʮֹסΣȴſ쭳һѪμΪǱϾˣһֳֽһĨȥǵѪ֮˳üһӰģб˫ü޿ȥ
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ߵӰʮ֮⣬ڳΧļƣͻأǳϣеһλ뷢ңǰŰ߽߰ɫѪδȴ͸żڵĵ⡣µλһɷһԽ׳ɫĮȻһԲ۱˴ˣüĿһģһΨɢвͬ
֮ͬʱӴʿƵ˾һ࣬ӵʮնš˾ٶǳ׼ݶԷ־ˡ
Ǻǡ
һЦǲҺΪʹعƬ̣̲סһҡΣվȣֱһЦǺǣ벻϶ħ޵ķһЦţһ߲ԶҡҡͷڰԼֵܣֻ֧Ρ
ɣλɢƿжԲΪǾı𣬶Сɾħ޵ķ
ԱһӲƴʤʮþȡϼ޻ǺֲϡȻڹؼʱ湦ԷشмܣΧֻ֮־ܣ
ħ֪졭
һ˿˵ԷħĲãȴվԺ壬ͽ޹Ϊǰ㡭˴ɫ΢΢һ˼
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ûпǵҡҡ׹Ӱתܣ۹һ˿ɡ
һԹ˵ɣаΰɻʵ£֮ǰǷ˴졭ʵ˴ɫ̹ȻΪϿҵع˹ֵ֣ʵ棬ҲһľҪžһƳ漴һ˦̾Ϥħһߣ°빦Ҿް޼Լֱ̫籾Դˮɡ
򶨣ʧ̫޼̫
һ鿴һԪʼδ֣̫س̫ؾƣΪɻʵӣ֪ת֮ʦŴڡ
ɫ΢΢ã漴Ӷ˦ȥԶ߷ᣬ
˲䣬ǧɵѶһεĽ֡Ī˵еһ޴ѣǴ˵ҲζΪ֪
鳤룬˿ƵϼָЦǺǣϷһҲǲʶֻϧԵཻȻĻֺ㣬Ȼһ̾תżڴֵ˵˵һľҪұ㽫׮ʵ桭


1402 ʵ
ʵ棿
ʵ棬Ҳܽ⿪ɻ󡣲ĳĲˡ
һδŴ𻰣ǴҺ󷽵Ӱ꣬ħʩչľ޸аħӡһޣӡһ㣬ټΪʧʶ˵ĳȴ
зħǷȱϷֻõʽħӡͽκΣ
һеģ֪ԷûϹ˵˵ͷȴ㾹Ȼϵа
һʣûлͷЦӦŶаĲлҵУ㵱ķ֪£ϧҲˡ
һϣк
޸ΪֻбһΪ˵ǽǵĴԶԶáνޣͽȿȡ
ɫѿȴһؿתæ״Цʵв֪кָ̣
һʼͷƣʾҶɻǧʥΪͽǺ桭ţǺѡĳԣ˵ĹƣֻʲôԵʡ԰գڳһϴļơ
ĬĬһƬ֮ͻȻʵһҼǵ㱾иӡ
һûɣ̧ԳʯƲǼЦǺǣֻȦߣĳı˵ǳһǵһǡӱһ˦䣬ں˵ʱȻȤҪɱĳܶ֡ҪʾԼɻʵĴУֻδܹ
鳤룬ϵЦ滺ת۹ͶԶ׷£Ƭ֮ſڵ˴ֻҶˣ˵˵Ҳ޷£оȻ͸ĺ⣬˵꣬аɣʶǼһشû˻֮ټΧƵ赲ʤȯն˼ɣǱ㻺
ӾĿеֻ֪һѰʿȴҲԸֻۿɻʲ󼴱һ£һʹ
ʹΪ죬ҲΪأɾǰħģֱѰλָͶۿɻʵ¡ɣҲΪɻյһλӡ
ʱɻֻһͽܣǧĵܰɻʵ£׿Ŀݲ˵ΪĸҲָտɴ˴ûԵݴ
ʹؿƿѹ漴ЩѲġ
֪ͶʦߣؽʦɼҴɣɻ֮Ҫͽ򵥣ֻһУ֮Ӧ갡ΪƫƫĹ죿
Ǻǰв̽ڷ磬ԼϤɻʵʵ⡣ȴ֪ȻȻ̤ħ֮С
о׻˵úã£ֻˣ
ڼշת֮󣬾Ľʶλֱ֣ħĵаĵɣΪɶȰ˵ѣ˭϶ԷԼñӦҲû룬˷ǧġɻʵǸ֮ˣ漴λ¡
ԸԳ֮һȴɻʡаɣ˵ദվãɵ뵽⡢Թ֮С
νжһɻʶյĵӸӴڽ̵аɣ޵Ĺ֮ͷչز֪ͼ޷ҪΪ˻㼯ӡ֤֮Ա㾳ͻƶջ񣬲ʾȴֻǴҴҴ˴󣬱ͬõħʡʳԶС
°ĴʦҲδʦܷаɣܵ䣬ȤͶľԹ¶ڡʾĿ֮ġһȥһļϡаɣΪȡžҲڵͶʦŵʵ顣
аɣȻħԼµӡλ˵ɻͻƾ֮ȴѻ񾿾ִ̽ϢǡĴѰ٣ʶ֡Ⱥ⵽δԷ̤ͬһ
ȴԴشĽڣȾָʾʹλʦܺΣޡ
۵֮䲻
аɣûųʾķֻΪභʹۿɣȵȡȵȡ
ʿŷ˻һƬҡ
ʰͼԷƣӦһŭ֮³߰˻ġλϲʦܱ򣬺һв
⣬֪ʾԴħ޺һľ򣬱Чɻʴаɣջ񣬶Էȴ޳Ҷղϵ˫˫֮С޾磬Ҳ˱òײ࡭
˵˴סЦǺǣΪɻʣΣۿҲǸӲŵСˣȴպԼĵӡڴ˴ȻҪΪĹںޡҲ뵽ǧĻҵС
ʱһ³ķҹɫס
һƮȻУĬȻ
˭Сˣ˭֮ǵۿʧ죬ĸãħʡʵƲǾر˭˭ûʲôʵĲͬȴһ˿ڲ޴תֻĶԹԹΪ֮࣬Ϊ֮ЦΪ֮¶Ϊ֮Ѱ٣ҲΪ֮ãȻ޹ȻӲȥ˵֪ĺӵ䡭
һϱ֪࣬ǷʧǰˡɻʵۻûͷѪҶɣǺǡ
־֮͸żĪĲȵЦУȴ͸Щ¶֮ķ
һƲƲЦ
࣬ԡµ࣬ǳջִŲѡһ¶ɣĿǽ塭
ͷѪҶɡԣǾŷѭİ֮˲ΪǲֶΣֻҪܳңĹʬɽѪǵɥ
֮ĳ֮ɣҪҲա˵رɡ
һɽ󣬸㴫һľҪĵʱˡԸ㵹ǻһ·
һѭȥį˵֮⣬ĳ벻ĳ·
̷˵ҩ֮޴󰭡һ˵˸Ц𣺡ǺǣֻҪڻڹΪʦҪкѡ
һҡҡͷ¶Է̫һһٵ˵㡭ûС·
ЦʱסˣʱҪδſڣɫһϢ䣬һѪȻҹպݺδܣǾը
Сɶ񡭡

޺һæ߶ת֮䣬˱ѱ쳣ĹƸֱײ˳ȥ漴Ʊأڰ֮нֱֹͣ£漴һѪ˳ȥüͷʱðŭѡ
ǵѪûˣûˣǸʼװģСҲûˣ߷ͬδѣشһԣҹ¶ᡭ
֮ͬʱ͵Ϯֵһڿմ𣬲˳ħ޵ķ϶Ϊһȴûüɫ䲢ݼ㡣ǵͻâɫ޷Ӱ׺쳣顱һ˺Ļ巨ףֱӶļΡ֧Ųסɽȡ


1403 ʴ
顪
һݺˤһϣҳ߶Ŀӡ֮һӰ̳ɣٴ׹£һ졣ҧ𣬰ȴѶá
ζһСȭͷСĿѪܣһɷѭŴڶѵľֱ͸อԼת㱻ϡ˲״԰ȥٵķ͡
ϰգʡ
ӵӰҹɫƮȻ¡۵ˣףòʣ̬ɲ⡣һλ˿۵ǿ쳣ٶ֮͸żᣬЦ绨ˮĴꡣֵѣҲɵ˴̵ζΣĽѪ⣬ľ꣬Ǻǡ
һͫ΢һҪٴй͵Ĵ˲֮֫ϢҶѾۣȻʹֵΪ
һ˴̣δ˼ȴʴǣеɷ֮ʵݡ
ͻȻֲʩչ͵ϮĲǱˣҶҲĳսΪǶʦֵܵԵʣҪ֪ڼӡ̨ʱԼѰɲϡʱߣرǶĶ־׷ɱԺĪ˵طǧģֻĶûԼֵ֮ܵ䱻Ӧԣ
ȻĻˡзûˣĳĽѣҲڽ١
һûĵЦǿɽȵܡԶȺڶţ˴ɽǾ߷һǰһ񡣶ıӭͷڰУɫõСδ뿪ǧĵؽ磬λܳ
ֻͣ£ȴɾֹ
ҶЦ˾ս£ֵֺηء
Զ𣺡ǧĶԹ˲֡
ǰϪȵӣ֮±ȳӵλ֣ûгƳӵĵ
Щͷ߳ħǣڽս˫רѰһ˭ҹ롭£ǧԶķʱΪ֮һ
ħ𣬳ħĵľŴˣҶӵݲԱȻ֪˼սĹأɼѿŶʱб
ԵڰУڣɫСӲδԶӣֵܶΥŵԶݶԷ˵һ˦ֵǧĵؽ磬λأڱһ֮ԻȻ˺Ƥ˴˶ÿ
νŵԣǾµһȫ֮ߡ֪һթҼѶԸǱ岢ӳ⣬˫ָ׷ɱΧˣʱٸȡ󲻳١ǰ˼ǧĵ棬ܸ֪ҹࡣСҪ־ܣõı˲ᡣΣս͵Ϯ֡
вԵҶΪȻЦԸֵԹҲˣ
ǧıϾԼҵĵ̣Ƕʦֵܻ㽲أ
԰ģɽȣֱʮŴҴͣ£漴ǻһ˦ǰҵ߷űƽ˲ѽеһɵķԲ֮ڡԷأ̱ģңסЦ˵һ֮νһߣħһɡչѣӦˬֻ·Ī壬Ϸһ̡
ⷬ˵ģȻһλڳȻʵΣûںһߵס
Ǻǡϧ˰
һУԱ֧ŲԾɱδǴŲЦ̾ϧҵħӡϧҵӡһ
ʱԼֱɱһԷͻȻһ˵̲ס£ʵ޳ӡһ
ϤаҲ޳ӡһڰӡһӡһֻħʲʩչ硣С˵ᣬȻд˼
һҡҡͷĳΪãֻʹӡһ޽Ƶ赲߷˴һ²ˤ漴֫鴤ֳ֧£ǿˣ޺˵޳ɰӡһڣɱ϶ؽ練ƣߡһҺߣһĨɫѪ
뷢ң飬ټЦЦŭŭһ׼ķһ֮ˣӲм˵Ҫǰȥ
һģ̧֣üӡȭȻ档侭𵴣͵ķȻ
ͬʱɽһѱ졣ת˲֮䣬ʮӰٿȻ֡
̧ۿȥ΢΢һ
ǵɽеʮλɷܣȻҸһ㵭ɷ׻һҪеӰΪѸͣδʩչƣͻȻڰը顢顢顱֮УûѪɣûвҺУֻиӰǰͺ̣пŭΰɱŭϮ
ԪԱСӵķԱ
Ȼ㵣ܡ߷شʱθңʱѱ֮ըû𲻶ֻջطȴֲòǱͣ¡ʮɷӰΣ˲ѽķΧҸǿͻΧǼӰԱסȥ·
ԷԱƴͬھ䲻ԪԱ׺ɷܵΪȻ䱬޴ͬС벻Сĩˣ˵ķ
æң裬εķܣ֮ʱסɷܵĿ񹥡ʩչЩʬηһɶ˻㣬һʱ޴Ӱѣ
˵ԩͷծеɷҲҪ϶Ϊȿȡ
ǧ֮⣬һأ̱ϡһͿȣڱлѪȻˣһ˿֮⣡
ʵҹУӰһֱڵȴ˼ɽб䣬˴һЦ
һҲǺЦȴǼįŨ
Ҷıְֻ̣ΪյĳȴþֶΣƲضм֮
ǸΪڶ֮䣬νĶѰ֡޹˼ɣҪɱĳҲûס
жˣա´ʱƵǰϡ⣬ޱ£޲ݾˮһսһأǷнң
ôĽҡƴӮ仹Ӯкηֱء
һȭ̯ĶһȭͷСѪ顣Ѫӯӯɷơ
֮ͬʱ˼ȵѪɷ
һѪУͣȻڵϣȴȻŭ
ֻѪɫҹУӰ
˲䣬Ӱ𣬲˻𣺡˭۸ϴ󣬻粻Ӧ


1404 Ѫս
Ҷ֮ʣԭȶŵ˫ɧ
ӡӵǧʿδҲս˲֣һŽƱ͵Ϯ̫ƽ֮£Ҫǰۡ
ʦİзԸⳡԾһΨӽ£æǰ
һţִ˫ʱϢġ
ӵ˿ʱ˵乫Ӧ֮壬ҪȥһλǿĶ֣ȴʧס˳ɹֻü䡣
ͷѰͲסȴҲͣԵɿ֣ƴһ̣ϬֵعĬ
һµɲǣҶڶˡ
뻢ͷٲɣܲس˳ȥת֮䣬ֱֵס˸ԵĶ֡
û뵽ץȥһ֮ٿȻɳҪӭͷɱ
㲻ܣе˳ƻӳƬӰƬӰֻһ˲仯Ȼըֻá顢顱죬ǿĽڡ£ȻͲɵʱ˳ȥȴշٴתˣΪסֶܲ
η֮⣬ּ̧һħд˵飬ȥԻ
ͷҶײһ
Ҷûʩչ֮˫ּȴɷƣ漴ָһεâٿȻƿնȥ
ͷҵƻӱһ˦ɷ֣һźƺХǰ֮䣬Ʊɣ˿˿ƵɱڱƽæɨȻһ죬꼲䣬ҼϮ顢ɣǡ˻ȴ꣡
ġ
ͷĽųڣص˳ȥ͵֮ϣǿӿݶ˺ۡҵţ˫۲ȻѵС˴̡ĺơϰݣʮɣ˻һӭͷ˹ȥ
Ǻǡ
ҶͷηһЦְָᵯ͵ĹƴΪеɱȴΪĵѷ
ߡ
ͷ֧穣ƣӦӲɷ˴̡䣬ֺݺײؿ֮ϡҺѪȥ
ҶֹȻƮݣδ£һŤ˹֮ŭвŮĶ
ߣȻ˸Ըһεºܣ
Ҷһߣ͸ɱȴЦɣϷŰָ
ͷһϵ㣬ϱ䳱ͷٲϷţȴעѲ˸ˡǻ磬ϴֵܡܿϴҪΪϴһ

һըУʯͷ׹ɽȡڰգâ漴תֱϣٴβһеϳȥ˫֣ɵɫһڣֻ߳ʣ˰ء붴ڵӲƴΪѻʯ
֮ͬʱǧɽеβ޸ĹۡһԺڵأѪɽȵһ࣬ɷΧžսֻʮӰڲϵԱ̼١
һİУͷţ˻š
ߣʶôĶ
Ȼ߳ȵܵһֵ׷Чٲɱ⡭ָһ㣬ħҹµĶɷʱ˺ɵ·
ޣһH֮ɸֵ
һƳֶ۶ϵתȻһڣȭһնȥ֮𵴣̶Хŭһ޴ӰȻʱѽƽΧСڲԶҶҲܵ꼰òȻܡǲɣ˫ȭſ档
ͷѱҶĥǱȴΡкɣ벻汾¡ƾˣлȻæĬۼҲа׻Хɽ֣ؽ跨ҡ
Ҷͷ˫һӡҽУֻȤԲɱ֣ǼָϷŪ
ͷûɶ˫ȭӶܵҹɫжʱХ󣬻Ⱥɽƣ籼׶ɱ漴Ȼۣ䡱һǰ
ҶȻҲҴ⣬ʮָ⻮̶һָյȥ
ת֮䣬š죬ӰѪ䡭

ɽеϣһǵ˫۶泯šλֵڷƴȴ޶ԣֻ˶һѪ֮У֫ҼΪʹģ԰Σֻ֧ܿš֧ţ
Ѫɷ֮УǧʿΪѪֻ֮뽫̷֮ɱһΪ쾳̣֮ҲΪһյ̣
Ҫ֪ƾʮɷܣѡҶֵܣֻм֮ôΨһתѪɷǿ硣ֻ˶ڴɵķΪħӡӡһʺ˭ǵ֣
һ͵ϮƲأʹµѩϼ˪
һ̷Ѫɷ˲䣬ԭľʱκ˰ķ˺ѣ͵֮ͻŰ̶ݲ֫ٺ
һ˺ѷεʹʹĽ˲ܣ˴̡ɷ֮Ҳ̱ʹʹиʴǵ꣡ǿۻķͣЪֳƼ
顢顱
һ֫ѪֵɷҲŨҡҧһԣǿ񡣿ұߵķȥתٴξϢ֮䣬ӯתٴݲоٺԸΪķֲ˷ˡ֮Уʹֹȴţ¡¡ը죬Զʶڶߡ
һѪ⽥ļεĶڽֺϣΪҲ֮ѸԲСɣ˲ͻ֮ȴȻͷȴֻ۹Ͷҹգ
䡪
Ӱ׹ͨͨˤϵĲԶŽĳֵ̣ĲҺ
飬ؿǰһѪۣȴܲ˵طڳӣ̶Ӷ˫ȭȥ
ͷҪŴȴ顱һڵأ֧һϣѪⷭҧгݰغߺţȭ򴴿ڣʹɷ˲һ漴ڿգƿڴҶӸƴˡ
֮˲䣬Ҷ˫˫
뻢ͷشսס߲ŽأƲɵɱȻֵ֪ڽӣȴǲ㲻ӭȥ
ȻһֻѪսף
ͷŭĵ˻ţϴ󡭡һˡδ䣬ͻȻϤĻ˭ɱֵܡ


1405 
ѳ֮ãٴ
ǧʿĿ֮£¹ֵɽɱڡݱһȺʬΧһսݡеľҪͻΧʹɱ֡Χɷѳǰͺ̡
Ҷشһִ֮·뻢ͷλ˳ƶ£ȻҪֵض졣
ǧ֮İУֲµ˫ʿѾ۵һ
ӼʦΪӵЩ÷ԸҲšλħڶԸһʱ˳ȥֻҪ֦Ƭмƽϡ
ӡֵܣԼӵλҲǳɲ˵ǰ˼أǸּɵȻǿ󣬱˴˼ٻ˵ϼ仰Ҷڣǲã
ֳֵΣӡ
Σ˴ûλħĶ֣ؽ꼰ڶ࡭
̶꣬Ѳɾ
伱̣Ե

ӵȰ˵ţԵȴΪε̾漴ɫһʧֳҿ
λħѳ嵽ɽУ˵뻢ͷȻٴӭȥۿŰսսŰֵܾܵҪ¾ʼŲһͻȻغٿȻ
һսң
ӵϢĿȻ
䲻ݻһԽλֵܡҶȻߣɱˡ̧ٳȥ˫Ĺƺݺײһ
âҫ
Ҷͷͣȴһ١
һǺȻ׹䣬ͬ뻢ͷһڵϡŽأ˲䵯Ͷģ˿ڴŴҴվΡ
뻢ͷһ£Ϊܣæӵȴ˫˫һ㶡
һѪ߰ߣϢңΪޣбеĽâ²֪Ϊ˾λֵܣǿгֶһ
ҡŵһĸǰеϴ󡭡
ͷǲļѣȴƲϴ˺лڴˡ
һλֵܡ
ǰббѿһ߶೤ĽۣɼǣҲδ˼อſһɴ˿ɼƴɱңͷѪܣӲҲ̶á
һзŵѪɫü͹ӡйâЩ˸УЩοȴһԲתб
ɵİ֮УλħԵͷɫɡ
һϵĴֺˣС˴̡ɷ֮ҲȻ޴档ʲŵһΪִ٣ȴĪȻסڱصõһʵ˷˼ѵС̷ѪɷԵʣȴΪΪҶҡҡ׹
Ҷв⣬˵ʦ֡
ȴǷΪãҲǿѪɷû£һܳŵʱһ˦ĽûˣȴħƣŷĴ£˲һ߳ĺɫħǹ
ҶȻԭˣǺǡǺһЦЩֵֵѣ֮ʣ𲻷㲦䡣ѪɷһҩΪЧʧȥ˾ƱҪʳ
֪ⷬƼʿΪо뷨֣֮ศɶȱһɡһֻ̳ӣ̳еơֻо̳ĴСܾװƵĶ١Ƿ̳֮ơǾ³֪
ָһ㣬ħǹҹкɱɭɭӸµһ㲻޳ħӡֺη뱾һս
һ۹ϵӰһƳ˽̧̤ȥδأüнһٿš֮ͬʱһ޵ΪȻֳԲơͣӡüģɫ͸ãȻ֪ιʣӰޣ͹ӡҲ֡
뻢ͷֻϴ̷Ѫɷ֮Ϊǣһ԰ҡ
ȴǲ죬סɫһСӵľΪǿѪɷ֮
һ̧̤ȥüа׹һţ͹ӡǽʣ˵һɢƻȻڵСɡۻݵķİ룬ߡ֮ɲǣüĵӡĺڹһۼֻΪ˶ڵĴ֮
֮࣬ʹֺޡѾǧ࣬ͷһΪ쾳̲һߣ԰С͡ħǹ¶
һȻ߶أãȻ⡣ӡʧħ޵ķҲûˣʩչħӡΪʱͻȻĪǿ֣ƾȻըѪɣɭɭİ׹ǺȻĿͣأ漴ʹס͵ͲҺһ˲䣬ѪŽ
Ǻǡ
ʧЦƶſ˵Сӣ˱ѪɷıӦ
Ҷ⣬ĸ͵ֺοա
Цһ̣ǺǡͷϷڵħеħǹȻ֮޶ƾˣ
Ȼʧɫĳ嵽һǰȻȵͷϴ˺󡭡˫ȭһգתҪȥ
ͷգȴͨˤڵءŽӲ͵ԾֱץһȵлӭУϴ仰δ䣬Ŀࡣ
һվδһɽʯɣ¼ţƣ͸صİȻ׹ǵֽץַ˻ͷǹ⣬˵һţ㲻
Ϊֵܣȡ
ͷۺϴСңҷ֡
еǰֵѱȴΣĹͷ˳ʹԶڶʿЩ⡣˱ϣãէƽ˼п
ҡҡͷֵܾΪˣȴ粻ס֮ϣҵȡԵӵˣ漴̾ɫʧ벻
Σַ룬οʥ컯ӹ˺α֮ϵܣ԰ꡭ
磬ȴϾ˵
ɽ仯
·˾壬Ѳͷˡ
Ҷȴ̾ʦ֣ѵβ˺һ
ߣִ̧߶ħǹĮȻȻֵһȫ
Ҷ۹һɫԹ
ͬʱһȻڱƽɱִ͵ؽ뻢ͷץԶȻȵˣұ𡭡
ͷ۴УƨҲŲ㱨أҪһ
һỢͷĽת𣬶ڵȻƿغݺݾ˽ŭȥ


1406 ҫ˼
䡪
һǧɽâХȥ磬ֻҹաħǹѸҪݻƲɵײɲǣ쭺ķ
һ⵽˷紵һ㣬Žݺһ˲ȴϣȥδȣҽѪŽǻعԭεĽҲѳֲס˳ȥ
ǳܣֱǧɵĸߴŻͣħǹȻʧֻµħ߻ơЩ⣬ɫĪճѪɷһʱ֮СӲƾΪԼҲ·硣ʲŵһʵˣ
ҶתɽеΣҡͷ˵һ֮ˣλֵƴˡ۹һƳЦʦ֣һ׺ηֻҪѷһǺǡ
ɫһڣ˫ۺչٴζһħǹ֮ǰͬħǹɳ̣ʵʣ޿Уβ߬ͨİĺɫ棬ɢɭȻɱη
״ҶʦĶ֣Ҫʩչ콵֮Ҫʩչħӡͨ
һȻԸһ֮ˣħ콵ҵħǹԭԴħӡֺα֪ʡ˴׵߳ʣĪڿЦ
ҶЦЦ漴˦һɫ˵ʦֱɱˣʦ޿
üͷ۹رܣ漴еħǹ·ɽһָڽСӻܶɱ𣿴ҽҡ˵ݺݻӶ˫ۡ
ɽ֮Уһذ̤ʧȥ˰ѳֵĽƮǰѪը˫˫ֻʣ᾵İ׹¶ĽȴȴʹĬĬŲкơûڣȦָǬӾѳֳ꣬ǳ鴤ãȻѪ⡣
⾿ôˣѵҪ
ӯۻķٿͻֽŵѪըϢҲδΨ뵡˻㱵˯⡣ʹ˳ٶٹȴԼĪڴڴʲôֻ֪ȥĳıһѰ׹ǣưոݡ꼰֮£ԼλֵҲӴ˽١
顪
ڴ˼ʣһ΢˺ѵľʹȻȻѪģ֮ǰףٲֻصıֻΪֻΪ˻عޡ
һҺһĻҡ
ħ޲ˣӦΪʧˣҪʹߵķҲͬʴӡɷ׻˵Ӱ٣ȴ·ڣ˵޴׽
ϴ󡭡
뻢ͷĺɽл죬ֵǷŲϴ
䡪
һɷԱлΪҽƵþ
ء
ʵҹ£з£ɱƽ
һȻ̧ͷץһԵĽֻʣ°׹ָʧȥ磬Ȼһץ˸ա֮˲䣬ѪըͳһеѪȻ
һ̲ݳɣؽ췦ĳڷ֮ǰһսսΪΪ޹ضԹҽεǬһǻѪȾ죡
һ׿ŭӣѪֱҹա
һںڵǹӰХ֮֮͡ݣҹɫеһ޶ĳ棬ãͻȻȻѣֻΪĶһɱ
һ㲻ܣӭͷϣ漴Ӷһ˫׹ָǿд߶ȻȵѪɷΪħ֮ԩ꣬ͷϹâ֣ƿգȻǧ죡
䡪
ɲǼ䣬һĺھϷը졣˲Ϣɱ쭣ŭαӿһǹħӰնţŽȻͣ١˼£˫Ӱá
һƷ𣬰׹˫ַһ䣬ͳ߳ǣ̣ϻ磬ţ𡭡
ħǹƵһͲ٣޵ɫһĲȻ֮ǰСͨͣԼΪǿ󣬼Եֵ
ҶһֱԹۣ̾λֵѵͨ⾳ˣһҶδġȻףЦЦʦ֣Сһ֮ΣݶԷܾ˫һϼ̧֣һָ䷨£˸ƬƬķӰϮŭ˲䴩͸ҹɫֱֶȥ
飬־ӳ֮£ħǹȻɣ֮¡¡ɽȣǵ֫ҹ¶ֱ׳Ӱ
䡪
һħǹƿգƷӰ׿񡣶׻ȻʧŨصĺڰŴݻ˷ϮϡһƥƲɵһأתǺӡһҹգٴηŰ
κ֮£һȻ׹䣬漴ҧǿת֮䣬ֹסơɱӭХٲʸ飬ֱӴ˺ڷۡ˺˽Ѫ⣬ȴȻѪâŭӡ
һҹգһƵǧɵ֮ϣ˻ĵħͷ֮£֫ƶ˵ĳˡʱ˿̣ޡħʧʽͨãûпֶΣȻǵɽˮĵزʹ˷ǧΡԽǵǵչ
顢顪
һѭͷǳ鴤ȵѪ⾡᾵İ׹ǴĿġŭüѪ͸˫зһͳ˻תŭɳ죬ٴηػӶ˫֮֡˲Զķ𵴣ǧ֮Ũīڣƻ߸ۣٵĵϦһ˲
ǧɵĸ߿֮Уһʦֵ
㵹󣬽סɫԳԼ˳ΪħǹڽбţȻǿסɽȣȴѲơҡҡͷЦǺǣҶ֮ȻСսƽ֡Ҫǲ˻ĻĶһλ
Ҷ۹һƳΪѻӶ˫䡣ܵӰһң߲䣬ƮƬƬҶ̻͸ż޴ӹ޵£˼Ӧ˽Ѫɷ֮ΪҺηˣҲսӸ³˽ʩչǿͨս£бļȴδ˶˥ߡת·ɽȣо˸˵ǵһ޶죬ֻµʦҲвˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʧ㡭˵̧һӣŵᡢȻᣡ׽Ӧȴס
ҶƬ̣˵ݴǵ׽ٲھž֮ڣ߻вͬ˭֪ءɫһȻǺεͨ
Ҳǲɵ΢΢һԭʵ¿գȻһŨīһӰȴ˺ưҹ˻ŭȣȥǷǸ·𣬹ҫ˼תһ


1407 Ŷ֮
ͷˤòᡣһӳ˰ٶԶӲݴƬ̣˳
θңֱͦͦڲԶϣٲȥģ
ͷ磬û˴ӦҪȥԼҽֱȴǲʹȱһȭʹüŤæž滺˲һԾ˲ڳȥʮԶ֡ͨˤ˸ʵڡ
²˯ʱ򡭡
ͷ˳־͸Աߵһȭ顱죬ǡһ˵ˣȴڵͳҺߡŷԼһȭڶԷ˿ϣΣҵѽ˵㻹ŵסɡ
ƿͷֱۣԼŵһߴŴһ̧
ϴһΪǣ̫ǿˤһ£㱻ȥͬǱˣȴħ𣬴ʱΡ
ͷ޴󰭣Цȴֻ𼱻ǵŤͷȥϴ󡭡
ɽ֮Ϻڰ֣ټһ˿¹⡣ǡڴʱһӰķҫ˼תһ
һǰӰһٴԷƣ˭Ķ־ֻȫһתǬֱֻһӣ׹ָͻȻһ΢⡣һ˯ۣȻĳƻʼĳأļԪһյҹƻڻعָнů˲䣬һȻڿնᱬɲ˺ҹաڰűŷɫĹâۻƵХء

ҫ۴ĿĹâըƬƬѣǿĪƲŭȥ˲Ϣ𵴰ǧ׵ҶˣȻܲ˫˫Ѫ⡣Զս˺ȻɢһǱ֮ľ٣ɽ̮ضɽҡ
ֱƬ̹ǴĿĹâԶȥҡҷһĨʧʵľͷҹɫٴν٣ֻع鵽˵һӰأԹڷСڷң飬ŵֹȹ¹͸ɭȻӨף˱ȺǵնǳΨеѪֱ̲񷣬ȻĿƵ˷
֮ͬʱӰ֮⼲۷ء
Ҷĳ֣ս
ǶʦֵƴҴңŵöæͣȴҡζǱڣɫ࣬ǹѪò͸żֳɣҶθ㣬԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ΢΢֧ģȻһ٣ȴشв֮£뷵سûѣ˭϶Էзĺɽȣ棬Ʊˡ
˲䣬һȺӰǰͷһһŮе뷢Ұף֣˻δӵǧļ£˲֣ʱӡӡӡԪӵȸλԹۡڹæԶӵȴ
б䣬²ΪԶӰס̾һ漴Ҷת⣡ȥ֮ʣɽͶȥһƳ
һûԶĶֻעȥӰԷٻתɽȡ
ɽУأԽʮӰڵˣ˫˫ڵ϶໥һһ˺ƣľһǱֵɷܡܵʣµʮλɷܣɫȻ
һǾ춯ص֮ͨ£ս˫ɨղˤڵϡеľδ׹ѱеһλɷס¶ԷԱԪ񣬼æƴΪԽ㣬˴˶ʱҶȥĴΣ
ǵɲӰһֻᾰ׹ǵơ
Ŀ󺰣ӡԪӡ
ھһȻ׿ջǳŲסѪɷֻ֮볾ӵһ³Ʒѣ˵δطΪʤٿתΣ顣ŽڣѪٿȻֻһңиźɷܶʱ衣顪һ죬Ӱ˲ķѡѪŽУӰæĴܡӶݣһˮ״ϸ׽١۵䣬ʮ׻Ϯǿɷףרǣ
䡢䡢䡭
һĵУ˻ġ֮õһˣʹ˻
ܵδɢһڱصǽСͨ¡վȣ˫ȡ˫Լ顱ըٲ׹ʬ
ʦ
һֵĽкԪӵ˴Զɽеһʬģҡҡ׹Ϊлɳˣּ̧ɽܻҪΪʦ𡭡
ԪӵȴֹסȥơȴǰҪΪʦ𡣲֮⣬Ѫɨ֮˲䣬ֻ׹ߣͣ㱣ɵбб׹ɽȣδأһ׳˶Ӱնһѽסŭģӻ㡭
ǻͷҲͲס˼ȭ֮漴ƴȫմ𣬲ʱס˳ӡ
䡱һ죬ˤɽ֮С
͵ؾѹҪ跨ѡСɽӰѹڱϣһ¡漴ȭ꣬ǶϽۣʱסҺԪӾ
Ԫûоȥ
顢顪
ͷÿһȭƴȫת֮㽫ҵѪģ̲ޣſڱҧȥ
֧ţи㱻ͷ˺ҧ÷顣ԪӰѶԶʮ⼱Ϯһʦ;ͬ飬Ҳ
ͷҪվĵأȴѪ׺ݵģ˭ǧԪӵ˵һۣδԶΣɫһ䣬æط˹ȥмϴֵҲ
һأĬĬȴͬһ߰׹ʬõĵԵÿտյֻϰԼͷ­ͷɱ˳֮쵹ȥֱȻأʵʵѪ⾭òɢ
ϴ󡭡ϴ󡭡
ͷ´ڵһԣ΢΢һϥأţɤһ죬Ứ䣬ʧϴ󡭡ôĶ»ͷ˵ڵأǱ
ϴ󲻽װ֮ʣ҆ûꡣŻͷ֣绢ͷᣬž˻ͷϴֻһˣ۶ϵʹʹȻʹóǣʹýʴӣ
˲䣬ŵ˸ǰյ˫ȭ΢΢едڵĿֻš
ѪĽһ˫ۡȻͬǣǿĪȻʡ
죬ͷȻһ˲ö룬æת
һӰʧǰڻͷԣʦ
֮ͬʱ˳ūĪҪˣʦˣΣǡŶ֮١֡


1408 沨ȥ
ļǧķһ¡
ɻʵӵĺ˻ˣɻһͳ˻ˡһֵ棬壬ػ¶ƣ
ݴһھΧ֮ʣ緶šʱȻķ´ʣսҴ˾Էչһ춯ص֮սʽͨΪϵɱ˾ʦͽǱҶλħνضڹġһսҲ˳سΪǧ
ȻʤȴҲƲأӦ޴󰭣һڸֵĻ£ͽ±չؽ
º
Ƨ˵£ٴλص˵ꡣջвͬʿۼȴǼΪ·
ܵɽϣһ¿ĶԸΪĸߵǹ°ػŵһǧɸ߷塣ǵɽ壬¡
µİɽͬʮ䶴ӡӡӡӡԪӡԪԼӡԪӵ˵ڡЩֲԴΪңֵزϤػ˺ĳѶ겻йէȻ֣Ҳ˸пĪ
µķ嶥ǻٻĶѱһ¡оеĸֲδı䣬뼸䶴ڵĳһǰ˴ɭϣū֮⣬˿̤붴Ű벽
ǰ׷ԲԵĻŴл紵ɫ뻳޽ǵ˿ŷ羰ĺ壬Ƶ͸żָпɫСӣ㻹ڣĲ̶̵꣬ȻΪӵһʱ붼밡Ըɹ˽٣ȥҳӡ
߶ţ˷嶥ɽ£ߴӶкڴˣкηԸ
յֵʿӡ뷽Ԫ̲һ֮ʱѹ˳Ԫӵֶһִ£ǽ֮١Ҳ˵Ժݾ¡
ԸҵǸ͵
ɾΪЩֵǰȴǵҴ֮һû˭ǰдټһʦͽİɽȪȵԨԴԼȵ֮磬ǳΪ˴ϵһˡūί֮ҲƴǣԲµĴС
֪Σ
һ䣬ʾ⡣Դյľս֮һ㱻͵˴ĶչأͷԼūżԳ鿴֮⣬˶Կ벽ɣֵƴû˭Ե
һ˾У޴֪˵ˣľ̫ǿŲΪǰˡŶ֮١ȴҲ˶ءļ尾ĥǵʶйԸ̩
ᵽˣһλˡһ͵˴չضɽ٣ɶȵȣǳķԸͽ㣬ֻʲôԵʡҲ˵ˣһľŶ֪֮졣ѯūԼս֮Цһ䡰ڡ뿪¡
Ĳ⣬ѪɷǿΪ֮٣ȴӭ˻ԵġŶ֮١ʵ˷˼පԲĸ֣ǧ֮£Ѱ쾳żһƫƫֻжڴɵΪȴö֮ǵһܲΪ֣֮
ӣԼ˲ף⺣֮ؽפأȻ֮ڽΪ½ء
ݹ׵ָԶʾ£ֵߣԱ뼸λ鴦ãܲô࡭Ӳن£ȥ
ӲΪ裬ǺЦӦԼ˵ĳνǧһͳʵףԸ˼δأԶһȺӰԪӡӡӡӡӡԪӡԪӵ˽УһɫС

˷ӵˣѭź̲ǰȥǧ֮⣬ڵһɽ塣ɽͬһŶֲľȦʣǸũҵԺ䣬ɽٺɫȻ
˴ǻŵľĻ˵ˣƮ죬ǽ̤ʵزźá˵ˣ˭ûҶһأ
Ǻǣ
ŲŽٲƵʣԶĶǰЦųкǸ뷢Ұ׵ӣޱ߷֣ЦݡԹһ׼еϣٲȻһģߵİϣһٵĸˣȹȻﻹ벼ͷЦӡ
ųŮӻ㣬תŭɶĪΪ˶ڵΪϡ
ũװŮҲһλڴɵĸ֣ٳһʰǰ͵꣬ʵֱ䡭ʾЪϢֽסͷꡣ߳Ĳͷϣ֯ĲƣҲ꣬ǳ
ҲףŵһһŮھӣҲʶһԹˣɶŮ
ϤɶŮµһʹӣغ֮һֱŲֱ˴εľս˫˫غ顣˾ٻ⣬϶һͳȴɡҪ֪İɽȪ뵱ɻʽǳ֮Ͼȵȡ
ſ۳ŮеĲͷҡҡͷ˵򸾶˱ɵ֣ԵװˡɱˣƣôΨԴ廨һϲͨ
Ů廨޽ǲ£ЦЦûп
ɶĨ˰Ѻ룬ǴӻóһƺСһڣЦ˶¿࣬ң˹ˣҾưԻζ޵ū֮ʵ
ߣūТʦģǱռ˱ˡ
źͻȻЩʧ̲꣬סʵ˴ԽŻ֮ʱ޼ӣĺӵ䣿
ɶֻƣûд𻰡
Ů룬ö˵Ҳ֪ǾŻգԽ֮ʣв㽫⡣ʱҷ򸾶Թ˲Ͼɫʧ䣬æְο࣬ĺơȥҲδ֪
̾ǿĳӡ

ֵܻһԿˡ
֮⣬ͬ˸̾ѡ
һֻСƮƮеĹغĲŴŤͷ
ԽĲˣԶĺ̲ԼĲϡɼǵطѱµǰռݣ˵ΪİΣŻơȴ룬ֻѰȥĲӻУȴغС
ĲӸ֮̾ͷأԲޣԹǴ˵еͷտֵ֮ΣҺθɡ
غǲΪȻЦǺǣǰˣҲ׸ԶȴȻӶȤҪ֪Է˪ЮΪˡ
ĲԻֵ
غһӣȥһźҡΣһȤºʡСƳᶣȥϵ沨ȥ沨ȥ


1409 
£嶥ʯС
̷ĵҩ֮ǰĴѾϣҪָֻûľԴã
ͷһȺǱˣ޵Ǹضݡ֪ϴûֺݺݿЦһӣ˵ľɷ֮㰲ڴ˴ٲ뿪벽Ϊѵõǣ˾ؾϢó˯
´ʱֵһյľǰߴԼϵ飬ٲȻ
ֵңһòͲͬɭȻһɷܡΪɱʮλֻͬʣµʮˡȻ˲ңȴҲ˵Ĵһչض޴ɼģɷְ
ʯһʯϣϥһӰֳ۵ĳУ˿ڵһСֻǵü΢΢ǧᣬֻǳȥ漴΢΢̾һ
һµһ̣ūѰˡʦһǰٶ꣬òٴط꣬ȴʬ׹ǵģʱūֻ춼ҪˣŻͷһ˼ʱΣñϲӣ
ԭʦڶɽ٣ҪɵľеġŶ֮١˵˽֣в㽫ʹ⣡
ʦҪɹ٣أӴЦ졭
һǽ֮ľУһʯϡ˵һʯһһѽһӰʯϡֽ֫ԼϰͬǺʧΨеάϵ״ڣֶ뵲ʣµͷ­ҲŤʱҪޣ΢еѪƶ
һսν嶸תϡ
Ƿųʲƣ漴ܹݣԴһνĳʢ䣬ֻŴӵϡϣĳһٲռ𡣶ΪߣְйҶǱǿⲻݡ
һɱ
ĳ֪ǧ֣֮Ҳ˼ƽϣ
԰ϪȵķתȴδѵһƵֶΡɾ£ȴһֱòȻҪռݵôĳһԡ
ʶ̲շ˷ӡԪ֮˰˵ͬŵĵѣֻǾλʦ֮ӣȵȣڽ鵺շ˿׵ӵȺǿ˳ɢɻʴ˹ķ
֮ν꽫ʼ
Ϊ֣ԪӵٸֵˮټŵġʾҲʹǧĵǧ֮ڶһѡ񣬻˵һڴǿɻġʾ˭ģ
֮սʵ˱Ϊ֮ΣͷȨ⣬ֻ˶ΣѪʤǧƲߣҪƾȭͷ£
û뵽һڵСӲƴȴҲ»ǱܿҶռô˵ֶֺΪأ
ĳȻбһζçײɷܣħӡԼʽͨһս˭ޡħʧֻƾ豾ΪĹͨɱҶȴҲʧȥʮλɷܣ
ʱĳˣһ״
һ͸ƣãȻȴʼղϱϡһգۣ㽫ʹ˳ٶ
ϡ·˵ĳŶ֮ټΪ£߼вͬŶ֮٣ͻƶִһԱĽһž׽ٽ٣Ǿֻ˼ĥ֪ĳޱɾ̨ǰһž١
ɴĳ̷ѪɷΪǣټϡ澭Լ̫ؾĸһִľ磬ӭ˾Ŷ֮١
ˣһǲң
ĳΪֻǶڵĴɶѣδȹָ̣ζɽ٣Ϊ˶ɹ˽٣ԷתֻأǧĥѲջѵԼҲҪ編Ч£ʹλԶȥɾ
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˶ĺɽһλ꣬üĿ鶯СԼ
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֮Ѳĸ˫һƽȰ˵ͻԷദһ꽻
֮ʣһ׮δ˵Ըһڰ˶Է֮ٴ̤˽·ţ˵ĺ㸲ϵ˽㸹
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1410 ׷Ѱ
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һľջǳǳںߵǳˮСϴ͸Ĳ·űĳʣӡӡ뵥λߣһվԱߺЦ˵
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׵Զڽ鵺ȻҲ˳һ
ȥߣԽ鵺Ŀ׵ӡ˵һɱħ׳֮󣬱ŵϵĸҺǿº壬ݻһڶ֮࣬ں߸ͤʽһ
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ЦЦ˵ֳǣҵĻԵڡѹ꣬ѽɡӡ̧ͷȥԵ۹аڴ
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ҡҡͷ˵дԣŶ֮ٺǶ̶̵Դ󹦸ɡ
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ħȻ쾳ĸˣΪλҪѰʾת֮ѵҲΪ˶ɹŶ֮١
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̻ǵãϿ˵Ϥ֮ٲδʹ˶աҪͻɡŶ֮١ԵδΪˣʦѰۿġʾã򡶾תޡ֮ԷתԵ־תһɶɶ֤
Ͽ˵зеӰʦԴһľ֮ҼΪֻʦѴ󹦸ɡ
ҲɻʵľΣʡħһֱæŶɽ١Ȼ˲סĳ˵ľŶָ֮Σֹһʯ϶ǰ;δ
һĺͿ޵ʶжʱƮ㡣Խǻɬֽ׿ֻأζİϤҽȥԶһ

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Ϧ£һλߵӰ˵ĺ̲ϡƬ֮פףת̧Զ
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游ҲүүΪүүʱ߶ţҶ仹֪˭ֲؼأ˹֮󣬺Ҳ޼޸֮ˡ̷֮ܲʱȴʼղȥǸд󴬳˷Զȥ𺽣ξҲƬƬҫ۵Ľ⣡
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˵غԼһĿĽԶ

һˣȻľҲ·йâ˸̾УϾ졣ִųڣһ㡭ж򣬱òٿȻʵᣬ֫ٺٴα͵漴ֽһ

ҹ£һɫӰ֣Ծɽڣ°ͷ­˻
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嶥ĶѨУĵƻ£бһλߡڣ۹ʧȥһֻȣԻľԼ̳޵һλ;ĩ·еؤԻ˯ŵöԹѽȥˡ
һԵɽڣ˳ӵظӣߵĸ¿ʼ˿ڡ뿪̥ʱ㱻ԷȻѪͳ߹ΪǰλؤΨһ
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δſҧʳšʱǸͳȺĹ¶ߣǻصеһ˵ĺӡ
߼ͷǣעҪХķұǲԭ壬Ǹֵ³ˡ˸ǷбȥЦξޱߡ
һƻϨ𣬼ҹɫɢ
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1411 

£
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һ֮ʯУūϥͷһβָͩĨ֡öٴ
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Ƭ֮ūͣϲʯȻ޵£ЦʮȥԸʦɽٹɣ
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ūʧ̬æһأ滨꣬µСϾί޹Ʋסľϲ
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1412 
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۷ȥҹʼռȻǿʯͷûзûɽȻһ壡ַ·˯ˣ￴ãĳ䡭
һղ죬ȥ
һڴӾվǣ˦ת̤ȥ䶯֮ʣź쾡ͷбͶȥһƳһ̣˫ķ˪˾ĳ
ͷūԼӵˣһֱʮɽ顣һȻҲͬһ׮¶Իת
һ̧̤壬δƣ֮ԶԶݷġؾڵշĵز
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һĬȻƬ̣ʯϥ˳üġŽ̧֣漴£ǷһĨҵЦ⡣
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ͷĵͻѵ⣬Ϊ裬üЦ
ϴǸϴԼֵܺ⡣Ȼ£ضɽѰղָ
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УʯϣһǰڷһŤϳص
᲻ɴݣңȴһԣɼʱսңɽѰգλֵ˳ֵӲһҶڣġħβ붶Ӿ񡭡
һһ˦ǬɳһĶǶܵķʯԴ漴ָᵯ
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һ̧УһԵĸʽʯ̷۽֮С
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һûЪϢǰ̳һһɷܡ֮󣬾ҵʯͻȻūѪ
ǡڴʱ˴󺰣ǿֵȥӦԡ


1413 
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ͷ֪һϴںδѷܣҹȥĽʹ˶ϾҲؽǧľס
Ī󣡡
ӣݵϡҴΧǧĴǿɱӣס𡭡
Ҵս㵣𡭡
ߣҴʦСʦöûˣܵࡣͷһػ

ͷո֣ȴֹҪ֪ĲˣȻĵĶԼֵЩԨԴʵԷǧĵķϴһδ֮ǰҶһԿڶԻ
ֵҲ㲻ȥˡ
˵ӣǧĵĶԹҼϴƨ¡
ӣͷѣԣϴ󲢷ˡ
˵ǼһﳤúڣӲʵǧµµʺΣܲҼϴƨɰɡ
⡭
ͷ˵䣡
硭
ͷ´˶ʮ꣬ҲǧĵʿϦദֵȴƲ϶ԷŻĻ˵һʹļһûкö
ΣԶԡ
ɫɻ󡭡
ڴ˼ʣʮӰڿնΪ׵ĻӼΪᣬȫ޷ΪһʶӰʵȴɲɣһλƮƮŮӣˣʮλڵĸֻңɫĮȻɱɭɭ
֮ͬʱŵ˫׷׳
ϴ󡭡
ϴ󡭡ū硭
𣡴ǰҾţ֡
֡ϴֵˡ
һʦͽԼʮλɷܡ˫֣Ե˶˫ĵ䣬վһ˶΢΢ͷ⡣
һٶӰƮھŵǿ£ʮҷǧĵӡӡӡԪӡԪӾڣӡ׵ӵʮλڵĸ֣˶ڲɫƣȴһĸ֣˶ȶʮ֮⣬µľΪڵΪūǴɷͣ£ӭ뻢ͷΪһ
һҵοŻҪ˵ҡҡͷתЦЦ¹꣬ΪνղʱϿǵ䣿
Խڶ˲ѵ֮⣬һߴҴҴһһߴҴֹסΣɫãµϴ󡭡Ϊдš˫ȭգ̾һ
һüֹĶ˵԰꣡ҵ⣬Ի֪ʦ֡ʦõ䣡
һɫæҵ귵֮󣬱ǰǧѰζʦʳŲֱǰʱա
ڵľУǧİпӺģȻأȴǱϤ֮󣬲ʦСʦù֪²ãҪǰǧѯʾȴʦֽǰΣֻԹȽƽ
֮ǰͻȻзġһΪǧĵ֮λȻǰȥսˡΣȴû˵
Ϊʱ٣ٴҵʦֽǰԣҪǰǧһ̽ǰҲлɳãӦȴֶѰʦ֡Сʦõ䣬Ī£Ȱ˵һľǴһԸ֮λȵȡ
㣬Űٶλˡӵˣһϼ޻֮Ī˵ռˣҪ̽ڷ綼Ըһʱˣȴԭӵɲ⣬־Ϊ𡱣һļơʱãȻ޴룬֪Ӧ䡣
⣬зϡ


1414 ʱ
дԣħǵĸһֱûš
ħģħ޵ءҰΪҹСľ֮йȴⴴǧĵԣ켺Ĵţжص׳־
ڴԵαΣ˵ˣ˳塢Ҵҵˡ
һƬ̣䣬㲻Ѵ֮֮У֮緶ɣ
ǶǱȥߵӵ˱Χ׷׹⡣۱˴ˣһź꣬ɷء֮ºߵĲ֮ͤС
ͤɴСéΪǣ·̲ܺɽɫʤգڴűľϣһж࣬ǧĵϡ֮⣬ӡūһԡ뻢ͷǳûˣ˵ĺζ
𣡹µĶ֣°λפ춼Լǧĸء죬ԼСģָ֮̌ңЦʾԪӡԪӡӡӣΪµϣͳϽֹ֮𡣸£й³ϣԼڣнֹ
һ˫ַϥƾӷ˵۹ȴӹԶɽ壬ĬĬźı仯
Ԫ봺ӡӡԪӲ󣬸ԵԼȺڣЧ֮࣬Ŷ֮ٵΡ
ӳûɽ٣ͬСɣηͽһҲҵ򡭡
һԶջ۹⣬΢΢һЦ
һսʮɽ٣ǧĳνҴӴһӦʵҫ˫˵ǰ޿⣬ʡ
һɫڴҲʵ˵󣬾Ŷ֮ٶӦͬתֻأΪһ磬̫塢֮𡣶תһ򷨻ͬ
¡Ĳͤ۷ĵ
ڳļλΨ©Ԫǲ½裬Ե˿顣λ֮ʣѲ֪ȥ˰ʱ
һʩʩȻЦһ¡澭롶λ򣬽յΪֹٶԣѭľջ̲ūУ֮ˡҲĬĬ˹ȥƵȴżԹɫ
û룬͡
ԪӴ򿪽Ƶķ϶һʦͽȥ֮־ַסܣܵɽٵϤ棬ٴŵԣ֮ˡ
ΪȻԯУŵؼҵ
ǧһͳķ£ټڳλѾãԼʾָտɴֱֹǧѵһĴ£
ԪӡӡԪӷ׷׵ͷͣһԵӳûʵλ֣ΪΡ
һڳ˶ʱ
һߣֱն𻰣û˿ԿΪǳ

һˣں̲ϡ
һ˫֣ͥŲĲԶǻūڲС
½أֵأ˶Ϊĳ֮⣬߲Կʶǧ֮ΪտʮӰζ̨ͤ¥ĳֶ
ƳǰǵӰѾͷѽ׵ƽӵˣԺĪٷҡ
ūЦӦˣϹϽūҲС
ڵĳϣȺԼڶ˵ӣʮѽǧķֶ֮ƿأĪҪ˵ţūҲ岻֡ǻšū뻢ͷԴ˲⡣ؼһĹʣһв˳Ȼ
δˣ˲ū˵̧ͷԹһĿĸˣòǿĳӰɣֵƾֶθˣ
һȥķҲһɽ塣תǸȻ˵ںģĳԴ񲻼ӰָѰ
һɣ㲻Ѱ֪ںģɤŴɫ͸ֵҲѰˣֻû˳ӡ
һΣεҡҡͷͷν棬ʶվãټϳӵԵʣ˴˽ΪѡֻƣЩмܡ
ūǲĿŻŶŭǰı䣬ʦһأӽǸˡ
ѾͷĳҲʦΪѰ
һūһƲԷȴɫڴЦ£ת˵ĳ֮ˣȴҲӲŵĺͬ䲻˻ͬ⡭
һУӡĺʼղټһӦŮӵ£Ѱֻµͷͽ޹
ڻŵһڷ¡϶ϬѾͷںɡȻ⣬Ѱȥ
һȰ˵䣬ȴ裬ֻ˵԰꣬Ҵӳ顭
Ÿ飬ΡΡذ˰֣תҪȥδŲͻȻʲôһɣҼҳӲˣȴӡĺ˾İɽȪȣβǰȥֺһĻдŭģʹĪŰָ
ŵδؾǱ⣬ֻ򷵻غĶһ޳ɣۿһǿ󣬲ΪһʹԼǸˡȻڴ˴ãȥѰԼĵӡ
ūɿŵı䣬סʦһȴĬɫĪ
ǡڴʱԶӰеĻͷž̳ӡŴ⣬͹⣻ǳǷҪһӣҼ
ŲҪæͣɻӣǧ
ת֮䣬ֵΡ
ͷأһһھƣ첻˵磬˭զء
һ˹֣ӦһͬħĵǸŮӡû˵꣬ѱݹ᾵ָֻץסȻ˥ģȴǲСеħĺδ
һ˵ӵ䣬Щ⡣̷ѹ֮Ļӵһ㶼֡뻢ͷںĴ˶꣬ż
ͻȻһϸʱڣɫһ߳ɺͳ
֪ʧ̬æ˺ȴϣںδ˵ĪӸͷ󡭡
ͷ˵ŶŶҼǵŮˣħĵħʹȣϤУ˭Ͼ򡭡˵磬㵱ʱβϡţ߰ϳԺȲͣæµ
ŲȻͷȥǿաͻȻϤӵ䣬һҲȲˡ
һ̧ۿ⣬ס¡
ǸĻӣǧĳӣûʧ٣˺֮СĵӼط꣬ĳҪҵںη
ڴʱЦкֵѣĳʱˣ


1415 ƨ
֪һũСԺĶ˽ǰһũҷģŮӭͰ٣֣뷢ҰףɫЦݿ䣻ŮӲȹ⣬ﻹһ廨Ĳͷ
һڼͣ½ŲЦЦ˵ͷȴֺ治ʶʵλγƺ
Ƿ⣬еЦǺǣֵ֮ɸʤɶϰŮˡ
һɫ糣ʵλڴ˶ʮ꣬רΪȺĳյţ
ԳɶӼЦǺǣֵѶɽæţΡ
һʣ֪кָ̣
ɶ̹ȻΪ
Ŷ
ɽȪˮ壬ǧԶİ·УһɻǧΪѷꡣ

ֵѣˣ
ɶŮ޼ջĻ򡢳֣˺ģΪһԴˣȺʮ꣬˵ľ仰תЯȥ
һԭأǰ·𻹻ζŵǳǿ鲼ͷϵĵǳųŮɶʧ
ǽ⣬ū泶򱻻ͷ߿ֵطȥˡ
ʦ˵ȺΪ
ŶǶ˲ǴѣȺΪʦˡ
˭ѽΪҪȺʦ
ں֮УĳָƵ˭
һЩĲɣɫ͸ľ⡣ⲽԽūԣ漴ĬĬǰ
ūв²⣬ҶԣԹУһ˫ͦεӰ΢΢˸
֮䣬ʦͽµɽ¡ǧͱڵġ¡־µ֮󣬱ӵĿߵĲͤУӵڸ̸ۡԶˮɽɫ̨ͤ¥鿣ʤ컣ޱߣ
һ۹⵭ӹ壬˫ֶշƬת˲֮䣬˵嶥̧̤붴ʯֱң˳ַסŻӰ
ʯоѬ죬ƴһʯϰơ뻢ͷԴãϴҪк˭϶Էȴ˸ŲūԷ۲첢ɫѯʣЦЦ޷ַ˳ȥֵ
֮ϣ·ۡ
һ󺣷紵ƮƮ˿ңūأԶɫ񾲡
ʦôˣһŲ䡭

ľ֮УһĬĬűϵʯ̡жһ̳ӣˮб̳ľˮ꣬ȴŨδ顣
֣Ըȥ룬ȴʹҲ顣££Ѫɫķɺ跼ӰͷǱššţԲڶֻ˾ʹ˳١ٲڣ
ʱһֱȻ䱸ȴһֻ̤뵽˱ڵĺ֮УյѿƵԶȥ
һ̳͹˼ڣתʯϣֱþ֮žȴɫ룡
̻ǵãڵɾ̫ɽһŮغŵƻŶСȪһˮϴȥǧȥ֮ʱԣɽȪˮ壬ǧԶİ·УһɻǧΪѷꡭ
ǵãھս֮󣬶ٽ֮ʣŮִɶŮūŴ
ǰߣΪͬһŮӣĳİɽȪȵˣˣĪ⣬ȻĪء㶨ĳҪ棬ȴΨĳԣרɶŮǰѡ
ĺơкθϵŻ֪ȴʼղἰڶǧĸҲӦ֪Ȼû˵һеĳȥԽ
һóһ̳ư͹࣬ˮ븹յľڣȴ٣ֱЩһ̳һ̳е˫ͫ˸ʱתʱѪ
պһ߳˾ҡ
ʯǾѬ죬뻢ͷĿѡĵʮ꣬ҪԺйһȻϴŲֵֻƱյеȴžſһصĿվ̳ϴĽŲ˳
ϴǷ񰲺ã
ϴܲأȻڱŶ
ҡʯбһǽ塣йУ㱻ͷĴЦϡ
һҲЦЦʾԼ޷ȥӦԸҪһˣڴ˵Ⱥ򣡡һ˦ƾն˹ȥ
뻢ͷ֣ϲѣȴ˫˫һǰֵͬɷֿ
һһ٣űԼ߳ͷλֵܺ˵ҲһİɽȪȶѣ˸ݵÆ£üһݾܾƻȻ
һ˵ЦֻŻͷÿȥ·ȴַĲ£еϴ뿪ǧģҪ֪һ
ͷæ͵ϴ⣬ҿɲӦ
һһƲٶԣλֵܰ˰̧֣ȥһֻڴ֣ĪǷǡŽ˶δԶУһӰٿȻСץס䣬ȴһԣֻܽ˫С˸żᶨȻɫ
Ѿͷ
һεҡҡͷΪʦҲˡ
ūȻ֣ȴһĨǳЦ
һҡֱϣʦͽ˰֮Сɽŵļ̲́ͷᣬ̧һ̤漴ū˫˫ʧȥӰ
뻢ͷ׷ͣȴûˡ֪һԾȤ˳Ʒɽ̲һλڰתӭ˹ʵȻȥδ
ӣӵԵʶͶЧҵ׹֮Ҳ˳µռϵ֮λһĲЩ⡣
뻢ͷԺգͷѡ˵ϴһȥЩʧ䣬˦Ӵɳ̲ϵΪ⣡˳˵ֵûзϡ
̲סһϷ
˵ԳϷ򣬻ڳļƣɵüͷ˵Ҽϴȥʡϵӣейоء
ͷȴǲͷˣ۵ʲôвҼϴȥ˺δ⣬ø𡭡
Ӽʶͷ׺Ҳ֪ԷһĽǳ˴ȴûдȻףסɫһʱѿٲҲµ֮ףԿδԶ߳
֮ͬʱµλǶеԪӸǲٴɫȵмҽ̣Ź棬ϵǰСð
Ӽ˵Ȼַ⡣
ǰ۹һ˿ŭ⡣
ͷһڣ첲µϴǰŲߣű۸ֵܡȭһգ¶Ԫģҹعƨ¡


1416 Ϊζ
֮УʦͽֳΡ
ǰȺɽ֣֮ԶԶȥƣƷƮҡʶȻѼߡ
ʦ﷽Բİɽؽ硣ڣΪȪȡɽڶ롭
ūһ߷˵һʾ⡣
һĬĬ˵ͷǰİ֮⣬ĽϿɽ꾲ף֡ᡢˮȤ
˴ȻԶ볾ūѰĶ˰ٶꡭ
ū֮ʣ𣬻ǱԹίСȴüĿȻǳЦģǽɵΪδи尾ȴʵ˲ܣ
һأԴǰΡ
Ȫȣһ˵ĵطͻȻٴ˴ȻʹЩõڴȴһгɿա
ʦ
ţ
һ漴ȥūȻΣȴҲмƽϡѾͷƣ񾲣ʵϲڵֵദĴ·Ȫ֮еҲ·
졣
ɽɴҡҷϪˮ֮䣬ȥӭȹЦֵѣūӡ
ʦͽ֮ʣūӦ㡭
һ˼ſò绨Ůӣ΢΢Цѣ񡭡
Ůǵѷӵװ磬ǻָŮ߽ңūݸһЦתֻۣǹ;һһԼģ֮ȴ͸ųѳĵȻ
һɫ꣬뵱ˣҾף޵ΪȪȵĵӡ
ֳɬģǫѷۣȪȵԾӡʲԣ˷˽̻塭̧һָֻʮĲϻżּԹޣײˣֻۣǹ;
˿ƳԶеǣɵįԶתͷաγɵ㣬ֻ°磡
滺ɫȡ԰գ£תūı䣬Цѵûת㼸Ρ
ˣӦþˣλصŮӲԶ֪
һ۹ӹܣʵ˴һˣںδ
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ͻȻʲôɿūɫйֵǰɶһȡ
ū㡭
⣬οĪҪġ
һĬȻƬ̣ūͷʾΪʦٶ˵̧̤ƬƬķӰǡ羪ȥͻȻִչƮݣ
ū鲻ԽǰȴٴסŮ˶̬Ϊ˼羰£
˵ѳΪǧȴȻǫѷͣټӣӻϧ
㣬ūʦ
˵ʦͽԵ֮ס



ŨȪȵɽڡУʣ˿࣬Լɳżŭƿɢ
Ƭ֮ǰȻʡ
һƬɽϣͰӵСԺ֮⣬ҰڴشءɽһһŮڹɴǰȥɽ۵Ĵľɫ
Ǻǣֵѣһᣡ
һԸеũҷ򸾣ɶŮӣһ˴кһʾ⡣
һڽǰ۹Ц˼䵹ǰݣ֪λæЩʲô
Ůе廨ͷûˣǶһСɵĳͷ
ɶһ߹ޣ˵Ǻǣ£һЩҰڡũȤ½ǡ
˴ȪȵΨһ;ڣ֮࣬пְ
ĳǰݻˣɷͨһ
ȪȲ﷽Բȴضѿȫò
ҶҲ֪ںδ㲻ѰȪȥ
ʴ֮䣬ɶ˳˼ѡһԵĳŮǳͷӶ֮
һȻԵãĴšȥ֮ʣѯȪȥȴͷһתĶʵλǷԾ죿
ɶֱе߹ҡţɣһɱЦȴ͸żԼ⣡
ŮҵķƳһ˵Լã
һȴٶʣ΢ЦǺǣ²ѣλæһ˦ȥǰ漴ƮĪɽȥ
Ůҡҡͷ󡭡
ɶĬĬעһԶȥıӰþ֮һ䣺룬Ϊܸҳɡ

֮УһãȻ
Զɫصʡ˼䣬λðĲʵɽ͵֡壬ȴɼŨ޴ڣʹľȻ̩
νȪںη
һȥɽȻ粻
ڣʶǿɣֻһǧ򶼲ڻ£ʱ˼ʾȻûô
һƬ̣˫ͫתȴйâźڰѪɫĿؼٷ֡
꣬ǧ֮ڽƷǰգȴӰȥĪ
һ̧̤С
ԼĪһʱǰоڸ߷ͻأסȥ·֮£ݴӵɽΪĿһȪˮǶУǡӯǳ
֮ͬʱˡ
ͣǹطʺ򡣶ٴʵѹǧꡣ
һȥɽϻΡ
ȪˮԱߣѲΪϯһŮӶϡͯյģȺ͵̬һǰڷŵ붼û΢ЦȪһˮϴȥǧֵѣˡ
һûɣŻĿȻǰԼӶ꣬һ븹Իζŷһֵлˡ
ŮӱǴ˼ˣˡɣʵļƣȪˮζΣ
һ£޾ңȴҲƽ͡
΢΢һЦ˵ŨҲ;ãƽΪ棡ζԲˮ֮ƶţƬƬҰҺԴֹƾԸй̰󡭡˴Ա߿õѲʾ£˵ȪԵغȾļԡ
һлҲ⣬ϯϥ֮ʣɫ΢ѲӲİǰٲݽɡ
˽ŷ˵ȪˮۺļӲȱӯֹ
ԶȪˮɷԲˮӿܲȥȴֺ磬ǡ˵ӯֹֻ֮棬ǧ
вת˵µİٲţΪƶɣȪȶ֮
һԴȪˮס΢΢㵡첻ġٲݽᡱţȻȪȣ
ֵѣΪζ
һʧһ
Ϊζ


1417 İɽȪ
Ϊζ
ǧ֮ǰĺɾ̫ɽСǰλŶƻָ·Ȫϴȥ֮ʴ棺ɽȪˮ壬ǧԶİ·УһɻǧΪѷꡣ֮⣬ѰԶźģн⿪Ľ֮Ե
ǧ֮󣬵սΣͷλ˼ʱνڼȵ֮㡣λħ֮ɶ򸾴ΪֻΪĳĪҪİɽȪ֮С
֣֮ʣȴȴһУʴӵʡ
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ӡĺƵ䣬йʡԼµ࣬ɻ󣬵ȵȣ޲λ˵׵ǣ
һ۹Ȫӯ΢΢˸ֱ֮ųҲ˹˹֣ĳ׷Դ
׷Դ
أµӺݵ̸ֹʱӦλ׵ӡһĻػڶУ׵㵱뿪֮ʣȪȴǱʱǧ֮ٴã׷Դ
һüȻ£ȴ
ǵʱĸţٲݳɽؾţһ쳾ٽ˭㻹ִߣ㷴ĿѶȡ
˻һתʵ֮ڷ񣿡
һ£֮ǰһţн˿˸ҰٲݲΪ۹꣬ҡͷ⡭
ſڴϵ
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˴׽Цݣ˵ɹ٣̩вһߣȴͨΪۻָտɴԸһ֮
һĬƬ̣ڳԭ˽ĳ󣬲һͳ˻֮־
ѵ𣿡
˴ŴȺ͵Ļһ䣬ֵ˻ķݣķҶ٣ͳ£뷨ڡ
ʱٿ˲ȪˮƮ졣ԶɽɣһƬҡҷ
һδӦУΪϣһݹֵĳ¶ָ֪ܷһԷ׿ϣ£˵ĳĺӴ򷵻֮ѰǷãγɳȥ˺δ
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ֻһ
˴һ飬͵۹͸ֱָĵ䡣꣬ҡҡͷε㱾ȴȻˣ˵һ˵Ƕ˲׵¡
ɽ֮ϣϯض
Ȫˮӿӯֹ˵еķԲԳơһֱδͣЪƲҵ
˵ӣãһƶһ
ƶöϻ쳣һ˫þаδ˸ΪƫúߣΪΪ谮
ԵɺϣǧĵƵӴһĶáһԺýãͬʹӦ֮塣ƶŮҵ֮󣬽Ӵ뵽һ֮С
ԭƶҲϲζԷжӣǶ޶á
˻Ϥº󣬾첻ףռף಻ֶأȰʹ˶գ֣֮
ʷĴңڼʦȰ棬׷档ƶͬʷֻǽ벻
֮£˱ǰ֮ͣҸ棺ٲݳɽؾţһ쳾ٽ
㵱ʱ⣬󾿾Ī⣬ҲԵȻԭ
˻˴ָһ㡣ֻҲ಻ԶȪˮӿӾ磬֮˲䣬һߵˮ棬Ʒɵǰ佫֣֮ζʦ϶ӣǬԪڴˡϤС񾭡һ
һƮٴλ㱶ʡ
һ۹е֮ϣǷһĨɬЦ⡣
Ǳǵۿɻµľ֮һǬԪڴһݣʵ벻еġ񾭡ѱɻʻ
֪ɻԪ棬ֻȥ˶񾭣ж桢תþת֮ӡ
ɴ˿Ǿ䡰ѰǬԪԲ٣ʦۿɻʣȴһѣΪߣԡ򷨳죬ֻԵˡ
⣬ǵñϿԣۿʾ֮󣬲ʡħʷֻ춨ʱĳеΣԭˡ
˽ǰĲݵϣʾǴУջǬԪ
羫ɣĿвš񾭡Ȼ
һŽߵأԳ˫ֶѵɼȻһءڿһеȻ޲
΢΢ҡҡͷŷŵĻ˵ƶһ˫˾𣬽ѶѰһȻΪֵйռ췭ظ٣һݡǷˣõˣֺαִš
ռ˵֮䣬˫˫ݣǱһط֮˶治ʶ尾ҪǰԵȴʹʧۡһоڽ֮Уע޴Ӱѣ
һ΢գƬ֮ŻɫжЩľ뵡óϽ«һڣž˵ʾȥ˺δľת֮Ǽ١һ٣ʣħʵΣ
Щ⣬ʵ˲֮
һֹ˿ھƣͷʵ棡أȴ۹룬ڽܿջģ
˰˰֣ȪǰȴҾƣԿԹȴֿһЦ˵Ȼʣһһ𡭡
һɵ÷Ͻ«ϸ
Ҫ֪򷨳֮˵ԡʶʵȥɡ;ѰҪԸ̫ס
˼˵ǵãۿһԼȥ޴ӵ֪ת֮٣ͬѡ
һ廰ԣۿɻӦԼȴ
ɫׯӺݣʱ۹ȴ΢΢˸Ц֮ܲ⣬޹ء
һʵھת֮кβͬ
½ʣΣһ룬гɣ漴̹Ȼ֪ۿת磬ʵ֮Լȴת֮;ͬ飬ȴһһأв򽫹һҲڡ
һлȻŵ˵ۿɻʷԼɽٲɣѻعǰ
ֵΪӣ˳ƺʦ
һصۿɻʲǼʦ󣡡


1418 ǧ
һҡ
𻰵ͬʱֻ̧Ȫˮ䣬Զɽʱʱ֡
˵ֻһǲȻҲǧǰ̫ɽָ㡣ǲȻ
أԿޣ滺ǲȻΪҪԽ򣬲ȺѰ̶£ǧֻרעһ£Ǿ̤㼣˴תһʣȻһ·׷Ѱֺأ
һ۹ǰ֮ϣɵûζÿһ仰
׷Ѱ
ĳһֱ׷ѰйһУֻ벻Ծ
˲ӦԴ𣺡ڻرܹѼϵΣȴַŲ¶Ů鳤Һ޵ָ𣬲һ棬ѭѭգʹΪ֮ζա
ʷǧĳڻʽ΢ħĶհ˻֮رؽһƬҡ޺壬гɣ֮ѡڶӵķ
˼˵˴΢΢һЦֵ󣬻һ޹ؽҪִֺŲء
һ۹ƿתߵšûнӻûнӹ֪һжҡ㽫Ӵʧȥеļ֡ԶʾĳֻţȪȣǳէ
ΪȻĽ˵ֺγˣ
һ΢̣ε˵Ļвйȴֲֻᣬĳȡ
Цɡ
ȻѰۿɻΪλҪִǰΪҪԶ֮ǰħʣԶΪĺָ㡭һԹ˵֪ӣ֮˲ԤӰɶŮ򸾰иͼ
˵Цݽ
һʲͣóռ֮⣬ιʻ˵һ룬ֻΪ
˵˻
һţ˵ľ췭ظ٣һݣȪˮʮꡣѰܻ֮ѳƲ֪ƺ«һ͹࣬˫ͫ˸޹˼ɣǺЦһֵĳŮ鳤ȴʼա޵ֻΪ׶ĵ̹
˾ţȺ͵̬жЩĪϣ
һȴǻһתʵĳд̣ʷǷԾ죬йء
˵գ˵˱һǳɣͱˣ
ӴǰĶԻвѿҪʣΪ˳ıǧꡢ֮á˾ٶһںڶһ׮¡˵ɷѿģȴֲܲ˷ѽ⡣ʲô
ʵĳ˲²Ļ羴ɻʣǵʥˣóļ֮Ӻħʣڲ˺ǿУ֮ŴбܿʱĻңֻΪվһͳ˻ġ֮֮ʵǽ̾Ϊֹ
Զݷδ߹ɻʵİһ裬˵Ĺֻ˹ݣ˭˵
⣬֮УĲǧʥɶŮ˵ʹʲô
Ǻǡ
Ȫˮڱӿݣ˵ɫȴǲ𡣶ĬȻƬ֮󣬺Ц˵ѽĪҪԼˣһвĲԼֻ뾭תֻأɹԲΣֻ˵Ī⡣ۿԱʵףһˣ˶ȫ𱸡
ʣ˺ĵˣ˴ǵѡҲǶ֡ɻʾľҪּǹףľתֻ֮֮У
ۿ֮һġ񾭡٣ֻǲѰӵ鷳ǻ֮ɼһߣȴ˵ĲТ
˵Ļƽӳ⣬ֲܣ죬ɶŮ޹˹Уһʣһ٣תʵҲᣬǴӺδ֪ĺ䡭
һƣֻþˮڹѵζѭˣסɫرܡԷ۹⼫Ϊͣȴֱָĵ£еϽ«˵ĳżջþǡ˶Ի
ڵɾ֮Уһʺµ̫޳ɽŮԻĳе˵ʦԣһߣ˵췭ظ٣һݣȪˮʮꡣʦһߣ񲻾Ƕȶ֮ǧЦԣ·˹飬ǡʺʱȵȡ
ҡͷ΢Цǰ͸㣬͸˰ֵ֣˵㲻Ҳ˵ֻǻ󣬶ȶΪȻ񣿡
һ۹һƳֹ⣡ֹһεĳֻŽ
Թ˵仰Ϊȶ֮Σȴ޹أ
һĬĬеϽ«꽫֮𣬹˹֣Ϊεָ̣ĳֻ֪䡭˵ǧջˡλ˶νǷǳɲ⡣粵Ƿαһʱ塣˳ƶΪ漴Ӧ䡣Ըɣüкη
ЦⰻȻ͵۹ȴЩɫԹȻԣֽΰ㣿ȹȥʢȪˮƳ룬ֲɵˮģˮԣΨľܲҷ硭
ǰеɣһðżԻļԶʡһȪˮǼ٣棡
һƮ룬Լеӯӯˮ⣬ûɵһãȻ
ٴȪˮȡǬԪûֱ𡣶ļ֣ཫ̮֮λ˵ĺеԼһкηֱأ
һƬֽ̣ӹ롣
˭ȴȪˮ֮ǰӦһ׮󡭡
һͷĪһѿڶʵĳǰһɽеԻʲôɵ𡭡
ڵֻУԼǰ֪˵û⣬ٵʱū᲻šʱգȴܲࡣ
ǺǣֻǰѣǷ֪ǰǰΪ𣬴ֻ֮󣬻Ϊݽ桢ΪޣΪѰ
˲ΪȻЦ޹ء
ȻҪֽΣǳΪһı粵ͷĻң
һֻЩأסٴһֻ֡Ȼˣеˮ΢΢ϡ
Ϊƽ⣬ο뵣ǣֻһİѣһɫɻֵԺΪң÷ͳϽ˻ģ˳⣡
˼ȻĻʴȣҾǷβͻٰ˻ģһݣ
һŮӣֻܾ֮ء
˻û˵ԼҵԼѰƶ䡭
Ȫһˮϴȥǧ


1419 פ
һһ
ΣȪ֮ж˺˲ɻʽǳĺǰʦǺĲ֤ߡ˴˴εĵŰݷãɻ󶼸ýõӵȥཫ˶Ѱת
ڱ˴˵һ̸֮ǰɽʵĽ˿
¶Ϊ˻޵˭õġʾǳ˼ĺһԵֻͣѰһڡʣܾɺڣ
һµĲһˮǴһεԼһͳ˻ģ̫ƽôһ벻Լָμŵԣ֪
βǬԪ
һ룬ԻζȪˮζٲɣһ㽫ݵߵСȡһѰ֮ġ
ȴظ̾һֵֻ󣬲Ż˵ϧһС
ĳֻԼԼǳһ֪
˽˵ҲǹˣöŮ鳤ϣİҲǻҪ֪ãȴƫƫϲͬһˣעɡ
һ˵ԣĬȻԶԡǶĳ޹أܲĳе
֣ۿΪҪԼ˵ĻȻƽȴ˼׷Ŀǣ˵뵱ۿĿлϤ˾Ĵڣһ̽ĵĺ밲Ҷ໥Լʧ㽫ΪˣȰҪȥľΪѶڣй쳹صͷ˿ǬĴͨȴʼղ֪ԼӺδָȥδҪȥѰ
һͷһʧ
֮ʼԻڣ֣֮б仯伮ģ޲ѭ˵ܻڶšȻʣԲ˵Ϊ֮һˣִӺδֻأԴΪιٲȴǳĺΪоأ֮⻹ʲô
ɵĻ֣𵤡ԪӤ顢ֻ𲽣֮ľ޼Լ̫̫ء̫ʼ̫̫׾δֹδ֪ıԴ硣ȻֹֻҲҪ̽ѰԼԴͷ̸ף
ٵۿɻ̤һδؾǰ޹ˣҲؽߣ
ۿ˵ִţ㿴Σ˺һתʵ
һ΢΢һعǰӺζδȥ˫üǳ̧ۿɽֵɵʼҲռҲǿеһɺҷ⣬ǡǡ;·ѡԺδȥηκȥ޺ۡ
ϵЦįֱƬ֮ż˵ۿѾȰ档ڶ֮ǰƽϡһ贫ھתֻ֮ƵϾħ޴СʱħΪǿ󣬴˾ڸ׳н֮١֪Լߺ󣬺ƱشңԶܷͷ
ħͬжϣԼĵĽû䣬Ȼۿɻйأ
һ˴ۿɻʻΪǣȴ֪ħҲڴ⡣˴˶թƲݣ˭ϺĻɣҲӽ˭˵ֲǱӦءţĻǿȥ
˵ıӦʵ˵ڰҡɶŮļʱѣûɢ³ǰλָĳС˼¶ԣҶ˵Ϊ
Ӧ¿ֺ꣬γһֱӦء
Īһ䣬ֽ̧һǰ˹šɫѵ͸¶ֳɣֻ꣬˵£лȱһΡ㱾һˣֻ֣ʷˣֺαΪɶء
ʱûֱĪǵҲǲȰŵյֶӣĳǧĵһһλ˵Ĺע֮С
һĬĬ˻еͷ˼˵ʧ֮壬֮ǧĺ˭ĴڣյζͬǰλŮӣһλص
˺ϣɽ죬ȴһ֪
һ˴ɫһ
оأֱΪ졢ɡϡ¡ۡ䡢ࡢ΢ɽ죬ڰ˻ڵ֮ϣ;ȴ޴֪
˺ָ̧ͣһ޽ǵ˿˼羾µĳ毺õͯվǹʻȻֳָεЦݣң뵱꣬ػıѡżһˣңΪΪ¡ǱΪˡ
ϣ˹ȻԨԴ
һɵҰĹźԼϵʯ
˵˻ڣ˾ΪƧһ졣֮ϵǽ죬Եڶ࣬ԶԶ󡣶֮ϣϡ¡۾ΪڤضѴԽ֮ϵ䣬ҪΪ޼ʣǴࡢ࣬ɵִ΢磬㡭
΢΢Цţ˵ǧ֮Щػĺ뷨˷׷ȥݳѹҲҪŷع׷֮ʱȴ𣬲򡭡
һЩ⡣
֮ϣռ΢ڣҲֻһңԶĴ˵˾ȻԵκԹǸΪβ
»ԺãͰǸԴɣһΪңǰɶĪ⣬һСֻ˶϶𣬱Ѱҡ
ЦȻֻǻЩ˵ұȪȵάϵźĵĺ밲Ҫ֪˼˼ң˼ҡ
һ£˵ѹ֮ãλǰδ顭
˷һӣƿɢһʺȻڰ죬Ȫȶʱɽɫ次йâڣȻֲʧᶨ鲻Ҿڴ˴
һͻȻ֮ʲôȴͷ
һפ˶ִţλ⡣ΪӪһɾҲΪԼ֯һ룬ǹޡһ֮άټĺģǺ㡭
һңȴվɺ֪֪һУ
ĳ֮䣬ɾʹգ
һŲӺڣ
̹ȻһЦ˵ÿһͭоѪӡǡѰشƽϡ
һĿ㵣̧Ϳ͡ͷóһģһĶͭܽؿ̻쳣ȴһոãһްžɡ
ػ˲Ȼѣͭʧεõ꣬΢΢һ̾ʾͭھѪޣκΡ
һٴζһ


1420 ر
ҪͿ͡
ԣһ˭޹ؽҪֻҪϵľûաȻάĺˣԸӡӵȥֻ
˾֣֮ͭ󣬲ɵ̧۴һ
ΪָƣΪԸοֻԵ̫ڷ˼Щ׽
ƶĽáΪһͬʣҲҪ˺ദһͭ뾫ѪΪǣ໥أʾǡ췭ظ٣һݣȪˮʮꡯǰԤʾ٣һԵʶõӦ顣λԭֲֻͬĽһ÷Ŀɳֻ֮ͭ۱ɱǰӣȻҲĿڣһطȪȣٽ⡣ʱգ
ʱȪȣʺɫȻŨкȪӯӯԼͯյϸˮչٲȻһɵ츣ءֻⷽȻж˼ְ߲Ĳɣ˵ĳ£
Ȼǽ˫˫䲻Ե⡣Ϊ裬ͭѪ֣ٽţѰ˵ȥ򡣶ⲻһԸˣҪóѣֺҲΪǣ㾿ǴӺδõ֮ͭкá
˵۹һϡ
һ׷;ɣȴƷ׵ӣȴԷץŶΪϧȻѰ֮
ĳʿ꣬;ƫԶ֮صĺףһƾɵֻͭʱ㽫֮˳ͭӦΪĺȥеľѪӡǡĳӤ֮ĴѰ̽棬ڱɾ̫޳ɽٴλһͭ𡣶ԣǽľѪȱһɡ
һعվţƾҷ΢أԳȻҡֵķ˵ĳ֮УǡľѪӡǡ֮󣬱ĺʶݡǰް˵ʩ
˻ȻŶӡͬΪһˣһΪβܳΪأ֮Զ
һü͸żأɫĳΪ˵ļ뱾ңĳͬǸʼ֮ˣ
۹һʵָΣ
һһƲŨüбȻĳûʵĸߵ´ܣݼ˻Ĳ츣˵ڣƴǣΣԼ
ͻһЦĪп֮磬Ȼ˵ķ緶νأʼգǡһ⡢һƬ;˴ѡĪȥδ޺ۡٴοһɫж˼֮⣬ֵ
һ˹ȥǷ㣬еһɾѪ
Ŷ
û׷
һ˹֣ԴǿС
˽ӹԼӶ꣬׷磿оѪӡǲһУˮڶѷֱ˴ˡ
֮УǶһ㾫ѪӡǼΪ΢ҷ˲һҪǷ岢£
һ̹˵ΪѰȴ˵ľѪ
΢΢ͷ̧ѯʣȻˣܵ
޷ʩ
һ̧Ȫߣ漴°ϥᶨɫ͸ڴиһâö
һ̫ϻþ֮УһƷ϶㣬֪Եʣ
ȪˮһʩʩȻ£Դģ£һ˫ͫʥ֮ࡣҪ֪֮УΨеۿˡ
˵ƣһӤ˫ͫ֡
һȻɣֻǽĻ͸ĪζֵǽĳۿתҲͬ˰ٿĪ磡
˺֪ʧԣ͵۹͸һ˿ײЦ⡣ٶ˵˫Ŀ΢ն˫չ̧סͭȪˮ֮ϣҷֿңӦһץһһ߰ѪָٿȻɳ˲ʧžɵͭȴΪ֮âȻƬ֮ǽո¶ָ
һ˼ǹžɵͭգͷһ
ʼռĽȴֻתΪȻǴ˵ͻȻ˼ȶʵʵȻѡ֮ԼҲӡ˵ѽܡԼŮ˳˱˵ĵҲǼһϡ䱦˭Ͼ֮
˷
ͬʱֹͭâʢȪˮӳոСɵһƬԲʱʻöˮ֮Ӱ𡢾롣
һ֮ʣ졣˲䣬Ŀѣԡǡ
һƬİɽУһģһŮӣԶޢ껪òɣֻһֹ̬ԼһüۺЦ¡˵һ䶴ǰ˫˫һ뷢Ұ׵ϸˡ
յĵӣĺơӦƶͭã벻Ըö
һãЯĽֿһΰӣԷȥһؼįеͭԹ
֪ȥ˶ãȻƽٽ٣ǳɫѡΰɽӵ֮ʣˮ࣬Ĭšʹغϣ಻֮ǡ
ڴԶͬһŮ鰧ˮӿ֣ΪִΪΪˣΪʦΪθˮգΪΡ
һũҷģŮʿԱȰ˵ȰִѰƱΪĻˡ³ʵ˾ȡ㲻ѰɻʵĴжǱֲȱоϲ⣬˳ƶΪ
һնԲʧд
˵ףƲҲͬﲻ⣡ĳ䲻ԸСĸʵȴǲǿ⣡
Ƿ
Ȫˮӿɢ֮⣬ֳ˶Ӱ
һȥܵĻȻʧ
أ˫ȴʩǴź°˵ҲŮˣףһζù˼ɣ̸ɾʹ£ҼסˣŮ˵Աǲ
һȻ
ǲȪȵĸˣһΪִżؿԲֶεСŮӡǿ˱ԣ裡
ãӲȰֻѰԼڱС˶ӡȡֹ˭ߡ
һͱ˵֮߳һŻָ̬ȴЩͷԹôʩʹգ
һЩΣֻþǸ
ת֮䣬Ϥɽɽˮˮ̳֣һ߰Ů塭
Ǵĵš
üĿŮޣϡ·ģ


1421 ֮
ʺɽȣɫȻ
Ȫˮ֮ϣڵˮ뵵Ĺ졣ԵͭУϱӰƬƬµĻµĵ䡣һл֧飬ȴȻ˳Բѣ
һʩһעͭȪˮеĻҪϤλӵ䣬㴩͸صӾѪĲдӡȥѰʩ֮ʣȪˮ԰Ρ
ͭӳֻǹĹӰƬΣȱһΪԹߣҪ澿סΨеˣǣ겢ͬܡ
ǵӰɣҷһȴѪⷺ죬Ũصİ˸бŨüŽʶαٿȻ˫յ볾
ȻһӣȻˡ
һûᣬֻ֪֪ڳѪɫУٴμǰʤѩӰ
Ӻˣٴεطꣻ໥Ĺע˴˵ͣӲͬУЯ磬ֱѲһôȻȻг޼䡣ɲǣδž˫գֻǵáؽҴԣȴԶ
ʲôŮ֮飬һ¶Ψ˫ڣ˴˵űûȻѸᣬȻʹ
һ֮ʣ۽ޣɫ
ȪĻиֳһ䶴һŮӵ˵ӴԺٲֿٲ١˵ͺ죬أ̢ҡҡֻ
һ̾Ϣһ͸ԵĿɬ
ӿӰá
һƬҵĻǰŮڶԻ
ţƲΪûô
Լãҩ飬ѵС
ͶãίӭӣΪλġ
⡭֪˶һУòĲõģ֣
˵Ҫòˡ
ߣ˷Ů˷ɵ
ˣĳԹŮء
ɻ꣬οա
ת֮䣬龰ʧ٣漴һƬڵգаӰߵһĨǳЦط꣬ҹɫеһͬУδϱִҴҷֱֿޱǰԡ
һ̣һ򶨡ŹӰıöãҵµ崲ݡʱ˫üʱİˣʱƣʱɫɥʱʱֳ̾
֪ȥ˶ãǧɷ
ޱ޼ʵأһӰƮȻȥ֮ʣأԽ߬һɴ׷磬ꡭ
֮һӰǳջ𺣡޾ͷĺڰУǰ˲ڶһ˾ʦ޴룬һ˺šӡץȥӰ˫˫䣬漴һӰʱþͻȻʧ
㡭
һĿ㵣ʧŭ߳
ƿɢȪˮ䡣
˻һȪˮͭ˲һȻЦ˻İ֮Ů֮鲻٣
ĳӲҪЮء
һ߶üŭֻƬ̣ɻϤĺƵȥ򡣶˽ҪͷԷȴͻȻжʩþ١ҪЮʲô
˲Ϊ΢΢ҡͷ֪ڸգӲֺα޹ʵءԹֵѹǰѰ㡭
֪䣬ѹգ
һȻ֮ʣɻ󲻽⡣ǰȪѰĳǻͷ
֮±ؽңӼķ㹦ɹ͡
˵գȻתȻȥŲ֮ʣһ
һ룬ǵѷɵǰֽӹʶ̽飬ס˿
һ㾫ѪӡڣֻǸӵ΢ޡ
ˡ
һѰȪڣӰޡסֳһڴһûκΣ
Ȫ֮УΪˡȻϤ˲ٵ⿪˾ɻ󣬶ͷȴһ񣬷һ׮ŵǳ׼һжڼȶ֮У֪ˣ˲ƽϡ˵ĸ֮Ե֮ж֮ƿأٸڴĪ˭ܻرܾܾ
ĳзִ磬вҲԣ
ʲŵĻþ֮УȻӡĺƵȥȴ²⣬ֽΣмƽϡ
ĳֻҪԼ
һȪˮⲽһҡƬ֮ѰϾ룬漴ӣȥ;ɽϵĲ԰ɶִ̧кᣬɫЩæ

ɽϣӰ׵ȺŵŮӣūһλߣӣַ룬ɫԽ
ڴʱԶȿڵͻȻҷӿգ֮䣬һӰ̤ڵȺ˿ǰӭ
ֵѡ𣡡
ʦ
ѽˣ²á
һȪ⣬˳ɽϣ˫֣Ũü΢΢бĪ⡣
ĳƺˣɴǰĵѣĳūУСϻظЦݡǷ֣Ǿ޴ģ
һ۹һӶתӣԲԵѰ˴³˺£ǶԷ֮ͣܽжʩ¹طǳǨŭˡ
ֻһأ֣̿æٴιѲ飬Žȥʵ桭ָǵһֵͬԶɵǶӣ˴Ҳǲʶ
һ߳³˺£ʵ쾳ƻȻʹɽȻĪ֮£纮˪٣ֱ˻̶̻֪룡
ͷһæ˺Ϣŭ
ŮӼ໥ȻܣֻϢͶҡҡ׹˫˫ʧɫеūһֹ죬ʧʦ
һв
һСӰƶеʦǷ
һδȻסѱūСץ漴ˡΪ֮һڷһĨеЦ⡣Է£ȻֲݸӦ
Ӳҵû˵ֻ뻢ͷλԪﲻͣ˫ִ£աԪӾˣ֮Գͽ䡭ֵѲڣ¡׵ӴǰΧʹսճ΢ᣬȰ˵ãҴĿлϤȥųǰ
һŽָ˳̬ͻȻ˫üŭĿĻ͸Ž֮һһٵ˵һ飬˭۸ҵλֵܡ


1422 ˽
ǧģ¡
µķ嶥ʮӰһ
еǰλֱ֣ͷԪӡӡ׵ӣԼλİӡµľʿҪôĴ䱸Ҫôϥһеش߶Ϊ
ڷ嶥ܣһƵĹâŷļӳ֣ǰɵĹâҫ۶Ŀγɵķɺ״ǣǼ᲻ɴݣ
ɽµĺ壬ʧȥ˴ǰľ͡ߵɳ̲ϣѪ߰ߣġʬĲк䡣ֻͤʣ°ߣһľϵġ¡ĸΪۡڴǽĲԶĬĬվһȺʿӡԪӡӡӵ³ϣжʮλ֡
֮УΧһٶӰвԪӵΪ׵Ķʮλ֣ߡʮλʿ˻·嶥תŻҪٴηơ
Ƭİ֮Ķǰɽϣּ䣬ںߵĽʯϣǾۼǧʿ׹ֲȻѡ
ǧĲɫ·δ˼ʣǾȻɱ
˵ǱһͷֵܣһԪӳԳƸҪŹȨ
ͻ֮ʱԪӳԷ塢ʵĽڣһ⣻뵥λͬǽС֮ſˣӳϲܱ֮ͷȸǿȴֻͦ·ƽε㣬˫սһţ
ɱʱƣ뻢ͷȻսݡֵܵĻ˵ʤѰ£Ц̸ϵϴ棬ܺ˰벽ҲǶˣ׵Ӽ·嶥½ƣ֮ءԪӼﻢ£ǿӲס˫ֱ֣ա

𣡿׵ӣ϶˲á
¶֮Уͷüɫ衣һʯͷϣߺŰ˳Լ׵ӡԪ뷽ӵˡսţƣڽƷһʱҲΣݡʶ˵ľͷȻ־̴棡
Ǻǣ󷨷֮λΪҪ֪鵺ġۺ֣֮ԶŵĽΪס
׵Ӹ΢Ц̧ʾ⡣
¶룬һλԶ˻ƻ֮Уһ׮ӰʯӡߴʮɣȻ⻪һɵǣȻܽ֡ɭϡΣ鵺µġۺż¡Ҫ֪ۺӺףиﺣˮŶȻƵǿ֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ͬʱ֣Ҳ֮ڹ󷨣
׵˵˴һڣޣһˣŪǷǣ۶Ȩϲ⣬νĳҲˣͷֵܣҵȶҪף
϶Ȼп룬ȴҲ壬ֵܣ
ͷ֣תЦ϶ҲǿЩòȻ֮һսԩǴкøСҲ۶ԷкͼΣͷͦһ뵨
ǺǣϵˣҵΪʿȴٳ̼еΪǿ֮ѣƲ𡭡
׵Ӱ˰֣Ըпֵһս׳ķ빲ֵ֮¶ݡҵ׷棬иǣλξ壬ǧ£׾Թ϶ֺηʹһأ
뻢ͷһʯͷϣЪϢ֮࣬ĬĬе߳ɱ׵ӵĻڶУͷ漴ɫȻ԰꣡ҵȲΪս仰лƴ׵ľĲԱֵΪҪһ֮¡ϴһŽ֮λλֵܱĶӣҪС˵⣬ǧʿЦսΪģֻΪϡ

̲ϣһȺɫ졣
Ԫ̾һǵʱָνָ꣬Ƿװ
ڸ֮ĬȻ漴ףεˣΣֵ̫ǿӲʼϲ
ԪӳӵһƳɫԲ죬ԽתȥԪӻһȥλֵ˵¡ȻᣬΪ˴ȴΪȡ˶Ƕ֣ѵͲŪɳ׾
ӵһЦǺǣˣǧĳŹ棬ĻԺָηڣΪһԵи˶
Ԫ˵ĬĬҡҡͷ
뵥ӻ˸ɫʱʵ֣ȥ˺δ
֪ղӰΪֵȴԴ˱տڲᣬɻ
һ̯صţҲʡ

֮УԪɫ
ǿϣǰ¶ϵĽȻ̲ƣŵĹâҲɡմȥûҪֶã
Ԫӿһƣ˵ӣסת·λ֣ٲʱ
˲䣬̲Ӧ
ҵǳ֣ԴС֮ӡ
ԼǣСڴˣͽǻ
ϣԷڡ
뱾޹أá
ԪֻԹȴ޴й
ڵĵѣڳľôλ˴˼֪֪ף˭Ҳƭ˭±ͷߣܲװ;ϡĳͦѹأ֮λʲã
ԪӳŽµӵͶȥмһƳתȵͷٳȥ󷨡ܳʹδӣϣһ桭Ȼķռһάĸ˷緶Ҳ쾡£
¶֮Уͷ󷨹âӰԼɼѭԪΪϣȴǿٹ˽ʵ˱޳Сˣûꡭ
ԪɫڣǿŭٴϺȵ򣬹طԲ˭ôڴˣҲ˷
ͷȻ壬ӳһ٣ȥҼϴڴˣĲ㡭
ϵԡ
׵Ӽͷ޼ɣæѵԪմӣ˼ʶ񣬽Ǹ˾ӣϵ
ͷȻװɵռñˡյĶֲѰ֮ǧĳѾõĸˡȻһ㶣ͷ׵ӡˡ
Ȼ⴫ԪӵЦǺǣȻӢ䣬κֵȴǲ֪ߵغ񣡶˽Ź飬ǧľݷ֮ΪΪ
һᣬĪֻۣӦս
ǡڴʱ֮е˸֮顱һը죬﷽ԲһŤáɲǣӰȻ˵һ˽Ź飬ĳҪԪ塭


1423 ϳͲ
ͻĶĿ
Ťը졣ķƾȻǣ﷽Բɼݷ֮졢֮ǿ
λӣһϮµƮȻٷ磬ҷȻбŨüɷһ˫䡣΢ǹһĨЦ⣬ԼصĵʹĪְȻ
ͬģһλɫ̵̻һλò˫İӡ
֮ɲǣԶķǧ֮ڶȻ漴һϢ
߲ˣһĵūµĶ쳤ϣϪȵӡ
ǳ׼ŭˡս˫ֱµ³ϣԼֵܣԶвͬȴϾһˡΪǧһˮƽ˿ɲף
¶Уͷ񣬲Ҫкȴ׵Ӽæסʾֵܣǲ˻
ԴˣΪȻ׵ӳȥ󷨣˼¶䡣
֮ͬʱ̲ϵӵ˷׷ϰգȴܿԪһڳһŶӭ
Ԫȴû뵽һͻȻԭ˲䣬ѻع漴Ը˵Զ£תǵӰΪԳɣ۹һɫп׵ӡԪӡӵ·ϣңɱλͬ̾½ظ翹˴ֽס
ֲǸʧգԭͨ籨ȥˡΪֵȴ֪ȻҪͷɣ
Ԫת˵ˡֱԣӳͬѸϵͷλִ޽֮ԶŭӣδȻֵΪϣ򹫷˽ųŹ棬ֻΪһ徻ǵڶҲϧȻ𶨶ᡣҵΪ£ĿԴ԰գֱӣٲȻһͿ๦ߵļƣﻰȴռ˱ˣ֮⣡
Ҳ뻢ͷкιǽ˵Ŀ׵ӵʿһ̲ϵʬкڣܲӶɣֻҪ²壬ֵջ̡ʱĿ֮£ָң
⣬ʱǣ뼸λϻ侮ʯɡ
ǧ֮⣬һ˫Ȼǳ֮󣬱ܵΡ
ūӷֱվڲԶɫ졣
ūֻҪһߣ󡣴ʱ񾲣һ˫˸ڴ֤ʦķΪɣ
ڻζŷŵķ۵糸ﲻѡԼŽԭίһץס̤ǰһȪ⣬գ֮º塣ǿĶݷֻҲԶԶ
˻ҵΣԼԪӣֻ½𲻺ճⲢǳ¶ݣȫƾΪ˵Ҫչֳ˵ĻᲢõ֮ҷ˵춨ƵȨ
ڴʱһǰһһǣķ޲ɫע
״ԪӲɵͷһ
һȴڰ⻺վǰԪԼһӵˣĬĬŽµº塣꣬˵ʲôǸɹʲôĳֻ֪ߣس֮ߣؽʳ
ɣӵȺ塢̲ɳôĿֻƮɢĵѪԼҵɱ˸еɷ羰
ԻԵ࣬аȴ֪
һﻰȴ̧߰ӹԶˣ˵Ψĳһ֮ʹóŵɻʴвɣֿĳѿΣ˵ǧڵĴǰ̡Ǻλɽ𻢡һĳ̿ѰղòڸϣĳʧɨأӴ˿ɫ£Ǻǡ
һЦĪ֮ķڶʿµļȴͬһƣɫ΢䡣
ĳȻ֮λ˰ڲ֮ߡ
һЦ󣬼ԪҪ磬漴һߣƵöԷʱɫܡȴŲæƣ׶㣬˻ѷǧ֮ңʼڶλΪ³ϣ֪ˣֻΪ˽ŪȨ
ƾ޾ݣָƫ̻˽Ҳգȴںεأ»𡭡
Ԫ̲סˣǿ£ŹΪҪģǻҵĸԴ
ȥµϽԳͶȡɵСˡˣǰӽ˶һ֮սսʱ
壿ģ
һתԪӣüһĳ˽ģҲӲΪǨʵ˵˰ɣΪϣȴ޶˲ĳУӺͷλֵܣǷϲ⣬Ƿ񴥷Ź棬ǷӦõõϳ͡
Ԫͷһţæһ֮ʣɽ֡ӡӡ
һԪӽ˵꣬һ˦߳죡
֮ʣҷĪȻлת˫ͫ͸ǳĹâ޴ӴȲη
ĳΪǧһԾŶȨơȻغڣͳδ桭
һ͸ɱͱ˵ȰΪµľ˭ΥؽϳͲ̧һָȻֵԪӣ֮ҵʼٸ߶ﲻ⣬ҷսʤգȻĪֱ飡
ԪɫһתԶӵ˺ݺݵһۣŻ׹²ң֮ҽӵѶ޹أ
˭ңһħȫʤΪǣֻº޶֡ӵβˣΪɶ
ӣ˲뱾һս
һδŹӵˣ̧һһָ˴˲ʤ𼴿̶ɻʴԶǧģĳƺ˳ڣƻȻ硣
ʼմֶڳѵģ漴תɬͷλп֮ȴ޶⣬αӽʷˡһε𷣣²Թԣ
뵥ɣ˫˫ʧ֮𷣣
Ԫǹ˹֣Ȼ˺һԲ
Ī˵ԪӲһ֣µļλҲǸй˼ɶûκΡλȻᣬȴӲԡ˵˵ʱػۿѽ⣬˭˲ת
һȻûоʹաأԴȻŭ߳ȻϹҪϷԪӽ£ʹͬԽһΪʾͽ䣻˽̣ԽһΪӡԪΪϣȴĮӻҶΪչʡвߣӱϳ͡

ǡڴʱ˳ӰƷ𡭡


1424 ǬԪ
µķ嶥һٷ
ǻƻʱ֣б뺣ϼ졣ȥٴλعյ֮С
֮ҳգճˡ
Ԫӵٳʹ֮ʣͻȻ顣
ǺĿ׵ӣΪΪʡ¶ԹѾãѿ˻򣬱ͷʾ⣬ڹؼʱվ˳
ͷ⣬ֻ뿴Ǽ³ϵõϳ͡׵Ӱеһϯúе
аԵ壬ǿʢ֮£ڲѣҪڹģ١ȻԼֵռ˱ˣ̨סɡһӶ׬ˣֶֺΪأ
ͷһ֣̱ɫ׵֮ʱȴһԡǸԹˣαʵһס
һǲģתۼȴִȥԪӵԽΪ֮࣬˱չʡǽԪӡӡӡӴѸķϽڶԺΪ󣬵ȵȡֶ֮Կ׵ӵ˵ټ԰
֪֮ĺɫĺϣҹɫ١£ǿոԶ
һãס¡
Ӳû֮λϡǰ֮սҲΪ˶Ըĵ֮ˡ֮ĳɼسΪǧ
Ϊθı˳ԣѵ֮ʣ
ǸȺ͡ԣԳƲŮӡӪļ֣ҲʧΪ츣ڵһ׮ƾ٣
⣬ͭʩжϣȴѲ²⵽ĺƵĴȥ򡣴ͭ뷢ľѪӡǿԶ϶ŮӦûš䣬Ǻģ򡭡
ȻΪĪǵۿɻĳı⣿
Ӻδδȥ
λ˵ãȻ޷ˣֺγĳʧ׷Ѱ嫣Ʈ޼̫δ֪ؽ뿴ʸףɵɣֻһʼյҲΪңֻΪͷš׷𲢳Խң
һ뵽˴ٿȻһѪڰ˫ͫȻ֮ʣͬԽǧȻʡ
ʦ
ĺж˵㣬֮һӰūҹɫˡڶеȺʱʦת̲ס嶥ʺ
һأԶ
ɻԶ߾֮ʣʻġħ֡Ƭ̵İȴҲ뵽Ķ֮СĳмƽϣǰĴҴææ
뻢ͷύ˿׵ӵˣǲȥʱôԴȣȴʦʵô򣬺ߡ
һ죬ת
ūŭδգݸЦǰеʦҹɫŨ¶أظЪϢȥΪϢ£ٲɽҰŮ˳Ⱦ˼䣡
һ΢Ц̧·嶥
ūȶȥصػһƳ
һ̤붴⻪ĿֻıǶϰ飬ʯ硣ū棬ӯǿ泶ʾʦձͶ٣Сһ
ʯķϣڷζµļȣұһӦȫƲ˵ζʳָ󶯣
⼸ζԺ󣬰ٻ¶Ϊū𣬾ʦƷ
ū˵󣬱˫ֶҡΣ覵С͸żӶڴɫ
һǰ£̧־񱭱һˮˬȴҳζšʾƷеĲȡūæִƣƲסû˫ӯӯЦ⡣
ʵζҲΪ¿ɿڡһǳֹ־ٱСȣȻʵģ
ǵǧ֮òزض͵̣ӭһһľսɽٶʮ֮֮ҡǰӵǧأǧ֮ڣͷӵ飬м֣ѵִ۷壬˹͵Ļ㱣ʵˣ
ֻ;еСˣӭ꣡ʱƽ˾ĳҲҪ
ʦڲǬأװǧƣҾ鳩
Ŷūֱʣ
һʦЦˡ
š
Ƕнӷľ߾ɣɼǷ˷˼һδ˵ֻ΢΢һЦūȴܵĿ佱ֹڡ
ĶУʦͽĳΪܰȻȻ統ԪۣСũСԺϼϦգ̣дµһˡ
˿ʯ֮⣬ļ侲ңֱΪһūͷСλֵδ飬ҺǿͶദٿ׵Ҵ¾Ҳֵýύ
֪֮䣬ǰʱȥһƱⲽȥ˾ǰŻվһƳ
ūأֳֺһ˫С
ūΪͽΪʦ
һĪһ仰ת̤뾲ҲַŻ
ū̴΢ţЦ绨Ӷȹ䣬˲ѽɾֱ򶴸⣬תѵ˷嶥֮ϣ鲻Խԭת˼Ȧҡҷ˵ӰѩŭţֻΪޱҹɫ欣
Ƭ֮󣬷嶥϶λɷܡūضͷǲתʯϰȺ򣬱һؼҵСŮӡ̧꣬ٳһؽͩϥͷָᲦ

֮УһɫĬĬ
ԵʯϵĿ̻汻סˣȡ֮һᣬٷ磬һֻ׺Ƕ˼ˣɵ˫üǳ΢΢һ̾
˵Ϊֻأ
˵飬ˣǰ飬Ȼֻۣޣ
ǰҴɲǣ
Ǿѻū˭ϾڴˡѾͷ
һȻãҡҡͷǰϥֹƬ̣񣬴һӣǰһߵ
صǬԪȻ˵СɼۿɻʵĽ鲻ǳ˵֪ľ컻˶Էи
᲻ˣֻΪˣԼ˲ȡﳤ˷ŮΣĳ޹أ
˵вűΪڵġ񾭡Ƿˣ
һ꣬ȴþʶŽããѼߡһߵԹĪ⡣
οѰ񾭡
һЩΣ˼
ۿɻʼȻĵǬԪӦмƽϡֻĵܿõصġ񾭡Ȼ֣ȴռΪУ
һȻ֮󣬲ɵʶеĶ
ʶ澭롶γɵŹâתͣʶвз˸໥֯һߣк֮ͷ
һ΢΢㵣Ͼ룬æʶǣ̧һָ֮ɲǣһ΢ĹâüٿȻȻڲԶ֮ϣš顱һâըѡ


1425 ޲
֮Уһ΢նɫ붨
һüķɳɲǣȻ֮˲䣬ԴԴϵķء
ʱʶһ΢Ĺâ֮ǰġ澭γɵĹâ޷ȴֱ˴תΪǣԼ⣬з˸ɱ档
̩ޣһ֮һδΡν֮¡ν֮ν֮Ρν֮ԡ޷ãͬڳ˴غϣ´˳
Ϊ͡һΪΪһ̫Ϊгɡ
޲⡣֮ţ޼֮Ұ²ι⣬Ϊ
ĲԣΪҪ塣ϲѸ̫ޣһʼ塣ӻһжΪԵ֮仯飬ɫɫ񣬸з򣬳֮Ϊԡ˫ޣ̫֮ͬر棬عȻ
Ի磬ߵľ磬뷵豹档֮νһ壬޹һ塣Ҳ˵ħһ磬ջѳɴ
⣬ۿɻΪûﲻ̽⣬ִ˵̫飬ͬ⣬ͬ٣ȵȡȻֻһ־磬Ƿͨ̤֮·
ֵľǰߵΪɬҲע͡Ȼݲݶͣδᡣ
Ǵ˵еġ񾭡صͻĹؼڣһޣһ塣ôĳõħޣǡðҲΪѣȴÿÿ֮ٵĸڡֻҪ޲ꡣͻ첢¡Ļɬ뾲ĴĦһ
һ붨һϾַͣ˶漴һڤ˼֮С

һ¹ȥ
ūʯУȴû˲ٵ˼û֪ҲȻ
뻢ͷܻһˣһŲתȥֻ󵱳˰ѡӵҲй߶ȴ¶ϵλɷܱƵúǾȶò˱ᡣ
һգӰ
һλߴϵߣһλƻòŮӡ
ǰһ޴ĺ壬ӦñǴҪȥĵط
˷ŻΣ
ʦ֣춼ǧĵڣԵλ£
ʮǰǧķһʡ˵Ӧһйء
һĪǴͷɱ˻˵ĵǲС
Σö֪
ʦִǰѰҵ䣬ļ֡˴Ϊȫɱսļ󡭡
Ժ
ŮӶԻ֮ʣӰƿն˲䵲סȥ·֮⣬ɼԷĽ䱸ɭϡ
ߺˣ
ǡ
ŶԭĵıϿʧˣӡԪӡڴˣλΪ
ͻȻλʿΪ׵³ϡϵˣзԪ뷽ӵİѡѵǺſɫȻ
ϷֻΪѰʦ֪ܶλָܷһ
ŮӣĵıϿСʦǡе⣬ΪѰҶ䡣ӽǰԵĿе֪Űٶλɱǧġ˵֮£һ·׷˹ңԶе飬㼱׷ϣ˽һµ·̡
ΪƽϢҶһʹԼڵİϪһεĴˣί˴ϵĹϽְ֮Ȼľиǡֵż⶯ŷԪ뷽ǰ鿴ֻгɼ֮ϻضѰƶֲǱַܵλ£ҵ޿ɷ棡
⡭
ϿЩ⣬סãȻһŸǰĺΪǿܲݺᣬȻһڶԻ֮ءԼóȻˣ̫⣡
ʦǧģλΪβϸ֪ȥ򣿡
Ǽʦֲ̲סӻʡȻҡͷ𱬵Ӷʱ̲סˣ߳ʵö˳ãԵ
ǣʧ񣡡
Ͽǣ˵Ȼڴ˴Ϸ˳ݷþѡ
ȴǲɣв㣬ˡӴ
ϿɫЩ˵ǿͣλ̫ڲ顭Уǧʿ³Թٴͷ£ȴֲ㷢ֻ˵ˣҲᶷܷ֪һλֵܵ䣿
ҡҡͷĪģϲĲ֮ͣǾ֮Էݣ
ٴ̲סָ̧ӣ߳ʣ˸ʣ£⣿Ѳǧɱһڡ
סڡ
ӳ߳ڮ𣬷Ҳÿ
˫ȭһգҪ
ʦھв㱻ǧĵʿ裬ֱ̫ǿ벻̣
Ͽв죬ȴ˵һһ죬æֵ̧ţλ˵⣬˭𡭡δ˵꣬в²⣬һŵ˵ĪһΪǧˣλ·Ϸ鲻һ㡭
ڵľ֮УϿȺһ֮ڶԷϤػ±չʮأ˶ߵغĽʵһ㣡
ӻܾסҹ

ᡢᡭ
ʦ
һھл˫ۡ
ūںߵʾѡڶߣǷԪӡԶİ֮⣬мϤӰ
һ΢΢Ȼ룬̧ʯ齣۹ӹϵԳɣ̧ץȥš顱һ죬ǬԪǵȻ޴档ȥм򿪽ƣŽ̤ңӭһСȻ
ʦĵλǰӳϵ£ֿʧ죬÷Ԫӳǰʦȵū
ū֮ʣһӰ˲ö˵
֮ͬʱ嶥Ӱ۶ȥ

֮Уڶŵ˫ɫ졣
뷽ȻһԣֱʱķңңΪ
Ͽת˫˫Ȼѡ
Զĺ巽һȺӰɲΪ׵Ļӱ˫֣̤磬ƻȻȴѱǳİˣλڵλڵɷȥķԪӣԼһλòɵŮӣ
Ϊ׵ӣһȴȣ緶ţ
ǿŭޣסЦϴʦֺڣһֺڣ
Ͽڲ죬ЩΡĿ֮£˵㡣Ѿͷֵ޲֮
ת֮䣬Զ˫۵һ
ֳǣ񡭡
ϵܡ
ٺ٣ϴ󰲺ãʦǰѰʦ֣ȴ롭
ȥ˹ź˾δ
ϵԵ棿²
Ŷ


1426 Ī
ط꣬໥ѡ
һ̵ĺԼѯ֮󣬱˴˫Դ㵲ѡ
ֳ˵ǵʬضѪȳ죿ԭأйźʿ뷲أ
һţϾ˺£ֳ
ǵô뻢ͷȥ֮ʱźһƬɷľ󡣶űϿ˵Ƿ羰续ĺȻΪһء
ϵӦ֪ǲĶΪأǱչˣϾ˼ϵĶ֮죬Ҵҷġ
Ͽַҡͷ˵óȻѰȥƱҪҰħޡҪ֪ħǽȣڵĸָʮλǲáϤ˶ȥ֮󣬽ס˴һп
ǸϤˣڵֱ֮һɱǧģҶһٶ֮λ츲ص׳٣ڶ̶̵Ķʮ䡣˾šӵһ¸ĻҪǿ֣ȻħҲ̡ΪߣµΪǳѱ档
²˳٣ҷعźһˡ
ϿΨֶҵ飬֮ʣ̲סʵϵܣĪ߷羰ãвʣϿֵģλԴ
һǲϰģħǣΪϲԼ˭Ȼƾ˫ȭɱһǧ𡣶ٴģ˲¼ɣ
Ȼ뵥ӵɫ
״ϿЦ£ٶ˵ʾϵܣپۡλѣˡ
ǴԶĺ壬ϴ󣬺βһͬǰҰǧټħ֮ķҲ
һɷ񣬺Ц͡
Ͽֻת⣬ȴֱֲ˵
ϵܣ㾿ǺεΪܷʵ֪
ϴ󣬶лĻɽϲ
һͶ˶δ
Ƭ̣Ͽǿ֮С
ʦ֣ʳһΪ磬ΪβϷģ
ΪвһȴǶģΪһ֮в㡭
ȻǾǵۻʰĴڣҪһͳ˻ģºδȥá
⡭
ת˲֮䣬ԶȥӰʧǿյ

һԶ̧Զ˼
һһСŶİΣҴҶִҴҶȥ˴ѰңżȻȴ͸żΣ
һĹµĹźһ壬Ե¸֣֮ĪĳйأֻǱϿԵʣϵķˡʿǧڣҪնɱףη˵ĴѵҶ
ڴʱʮӰ۵糸ؼ۶
Ϊ׵ʾ⣬ͷǴСУ˵ϴԵˣ
Ŀ׵ӵǹΪ񣺡ҵǰ󡭡
һת
Щֵܳƣʹ졭
ͷüɫѾͷѰˣϴ㲻صܲ˼۹
ֵָ׵ӵһӽ鵺ĺǿж֣Ҳйӵʿ뻢ͷ鳩ֵ»Ǻ˫ദмֳζͶԵ֡
ͷһۣڳӡӵ˴кתϿȥȥĪ˱ʣ
һûӦ𣬶ǳӡԪӼս㣬˵ǰԸ԰գһ˦ֱºȥ
봺ӡӵɻ󲻽⡣ͷǴӵū׷ȥһ˺ƺƵ֡

·嶥ʮӰԶ䡣еµһֱܷͷġʮλ֡ȺΨһʿūһϮΪۡԶİ֮Уʮλɷܷķ䱸ɭϡ
һһ鷽ʯϣ۹⵭ӹˡ
춼֮⣬µĶ־ڴ˴еԪɫԲ˵Դ֪кηԸ
λټڴˣлҪ˵
һΪǧ𣬻δѵŽﾲһƬ°ڣֵֶ֮սѹʮءҶشҪıϿĿлϤҰж֮סǧĲòԤӦԡ
ԪӰл˸ɫ˿֮ǰڱչ֮ԣŴ٣ǽĳͽģȴ뾹⡣λλ֮ˣֽΣĪҪħĿսɣ
İϵķºΪΣԹۡĴ̽ȴʱҴʶҪҰ鿴Աмƽϡ
ڳ˴Ȼ漴ָԶĪԭҪˣԤȰһԪ뼸λϰҡͷǲΪȻȴһһתʵĳڴʱɻʵĴУֵܷҶԼħľŴ˵᣿
Īħľλ˵ǿ󣬱Ҷλħû˭ס
˲֮ʣԪӳۿĴзͬСɣʴ£ŵؼ֮ˣֺԣֻܷԸҵ޲ԪӡӡӡæͷǣܸһƬ
˭ۺεºܣҪټǧƿֲһӦһ׵顣ΪԳ˵ľΣľӪǧ֮ãջǲһ³֮ȴڹģ˹Ī⣡
һĬȻƬ̣ɵڱ֮ǰ׵ӴǰӡԪӽ֮ش󷨣·ҲմžĴеڡɷԪӡЭԪͳʵʩи
¸ڶ࣬Ψһȱٵıصļ󷨡֮أ󷨻дžĴеĴá
һ˾ֳǣԪٻ춼ж֣Աǲ
Ԫӳ£˵춼޷⡭
춼˵ɻʵĶڣĿеһصءһΪǧ֮󣬴ûйʥͷڵȫȤ
ַɢǿУһָȭʩչػ
һſڴԪӣٴɫֵפǧжӦ˼ǣ붼˵ūΪʦλɷԱ֮裬ͬͷ£˵ȣӵǲ
ūڼȺУɫЩίȴûҿ
ͷ⼸Ƴ⣬˯ѱƲĦȭƣֻǲһ˭ϵͷҪڴ˴ʱˣµ˵ϴֵܶܶˣ
ΪȻ˵ϴӦиӦҸűá
һλִֵ˵ݵÆ£дսҲ㲻
ŵôԣͷԸаο
ڳλֻĪĽȻƷȴŪ״Щ޴롣ԪӱϾǾµˣʱ˵ҰħĸأмصǼʴ󷨣ȥ˶Ŀ
һ˫üһȻ˵ֺزأֻڼ򴫻ʱɨķ


1427 ֮
֮⣬һת
չӳ£еǧΪĿ欵ɽˮľɫ续Ļ׳ֻǻ׿ȥ˼ֲʵĴįΨһ羰ԶԶ
ʲôʲôɨķ޷Ϊ˰İˣĳ󻰣Ҳʦͨ۷壬ٷ޹˼ɣƾȥԣǻĳ
пۣҲһʱĵ⣬żԣ©һءȻӦʡڣܲʧ֮Ȥ
ħԼҶһ֪ҪǰҰһˡʵز鿴һվǲģͷūټµڶ֣ԼδѵĶԲߣӦúǣڿˡԪӣй۲Ч⣬Ǽλٸǣֻĳֶνȵ
һƬ̣ɫԳ
һҪȻһģһìܣʵЩģ˽˼ĶԹƬͬĳ
һתǿգ¿Ұķ̧űҪ̤ȥˡؾתѰĶݷǰۡ
ϿǲŽ뿪ã㼱Ϲȥг֮ӣҲ˲ɡУ£
һɺ磬ֱǿԶȥ·֮ʣһĶá
֮ǰõ񾭡֮󣬽ڤ˼ʮաã㱻ϡ;пУٽĴĦһ顣
⣬Ϊ֮һֱڶɽ֮УħӡĲҲ漴ֹȻ̫徳磬üħӡ롰Ǭħӡ

ת֮䣬¹ȥ
һСĲ֮ϣӰϥ˫Ŀ΢նˮ붨ģȴް㷨йûʯͷȻܻʯȻΪһ塣
˴ٽҰһȴûм·ǾͽѰ˿£ֻ;еСԼΪ뵽ҵľ֮С
֮УһĹâ΢΢سʼʼּѵ֮áڹâܣȴǶӰէȻ֮ʣãȥȴʵֱַڡϥӰüĿһģһǸԵϢҲǻ޶¡֮Уа񣻰Ե֮У֮УȻ벻֮
Ǳ쾳еһ壬˵ħɺӰһһʵٴκ壬Խ̫塢ֱ壬ͻ޼磿
ΪߣӰĳ֣ԭƾѪɷ֮ŵԱǵķΪȹ̣ٴļ
һ̲֮࣬סϲ
֪Ϊ뾳Ϊศɡɽ֮쾳гɣʹ÷ΪҲ֮°빦һӾͷʱգһжˮɣ
һΣ΢΢һ
֮˲䣬õӰ͸˸̶ͣһֻţ࣬ȴҲ塣ÿб֮Ϊ֮ݼ
һ˫ۣǰҶʱ
ʮӰȻռķǰסǵͷ˼òһ£ȴΪбҾֹ졣һ뱾ٲȻǷĴڡ
֮ͬǰķԶƾ衣ķΪ壬ؼʮʵһ˿֮⣬𵱳޷ҪΪǿ
ʱգǧǾǲ𡭡
һ˼һӡ
ܵӰٿȻعڣȴδֱͣһâӿȥ֮ɲǣǧɽ̶֮ʮæµӰеϥйеľڤ룬еıȻӡ
һʼʩٴԷ汾
ʶ˽磬ǿķ֮أԲĹԻ֮νͨΪֻǽ֮⣬Ӱٴλֳһ徳硭
һĬĬ鿴ڵΣ仯֪ǰչȥ޲ף̧һѽϸϸꡣ
ɽٵʱ˶ޣֻýǬӶϾ˼ٴμȻ䱶УССĽ𽣣Լ߹һǧ߰ٶķ꣬ʼһ벻
һпһ֮󣬱Ҫչڣȴʱ⣬ֽС
ʮ꣬귨ʩչʧ磬¼һǡ
һСɵĽǰתҪͣ
ǵõε̽飬ԿȫòǺټľУҲֻӦΪû⡣ԼΪԶʤǰԽ⿴͸
Ƭ֮һЩʧ
ʶڣӡβ׽ۡǰһɴСĽأտյ޳֮
һָһɫľѪ֮
˲䣬âͻ𣬽ϵϺ챦ʯ顱һը顣֮ɲǣϵĻ̸֣һһɢȥ
һȻѣһ
ǧ룬Ҳû뵽ϵĽ֮ۻáֻǵ׺֮ʶһ࣬˭̺ǿΪľѪ£ȻͻȻըѪ󲻶ϡǡ
İɭɽȣ̾ųȺľ޴׶ޡݡǧɳߵȵȣԼδδš໥֪ɱݡɽΪ֮Ϊ֮ǲߴСһ֮УǬ侳ʵ𺳡
գ֮䣬ѪӰ
һƬУȺĹ֡ɽȡçԭΧ׷ɱһĴӵӰ漴ʬأѪɺӡЩȻò죬ͬҰޣȴ޴ֻ¾쳣
â˸ٱ䡣
һʯУդȦι״Ӱ֫޵ı̢ºšţͣһȺ˳ɽϣ֪ʿ£ڿնɱڣݺݳΪڶΪΪĹޡ»𣬾ȻһѶѸкֵ˹ͷͻȻʮӴۡʱйзڿըκ˵ҡȺʿͨΪ̫ǿֻòֻ̰ˣ׷ɱʿĴɢ׷ᡭʿӹɽҰӹǿգڻŲϢԷ̻ͨġ֪ȥ˶ãʿҪôԪľҪô̷֧ء
ǰ󲻹Ϣ֮䣬˸ĻȻʧ
һȴǶſĽĿ㵣ȻŶ־治ѡ
ƣɽýĽȻ֣֮
ǹǳĻ󣬱Ǿ֮ϵ龰ǲѪΪǿĸ˶԰ĪɼһߡУ³󡭡


1428 ֮
ǿ䣬޼ʡ
һƬƮϵİлԳһӰԱ˫ֶ̧ͷ죬ȴ˫Ŀ΢գǡ磬ŷд
߮ʶգҰɽçԭʿޣ˲ֶһһĿ
Ұ֮󣬿ȵĽ򡣶ʶ֮ǿǧֻ̬һ֮䡣
һ˫ۣɫЩãȻ
Ľ֮УȻǶнƷһʶӡǡ󣬻еء˵ʱΪǷȱȴĳľѪǿп⣬Ҳ֮У
ֻǷʶӡ̫Զ֧ţж߱ѱ֮ȻҰ޵ūۣԴĿġǾʵ֣һĸӰĪǾ֮ϣû˴ڡ
һңþƽҰ򣬻Щᡣҡҡͷٶ룬̤ն¡
ٽӿĲ¡¡ӭϣǡ̤һĳࡣֹԼޱ޼ʵĿһĵӵĸοȻʹľͶȻң
һʱ֮ϤĹźǰ
ߵĲ価ɷ棬Զɽֺӹ֮ǼһˡʿӰżмֻҴҷɹȴȻԴƵϵţ
һݱ˼ǧ֮á˭϶ʮ֮ٴηأֻһϾ˻ĵ
һ̧ҡҡͷ
Ϊ˱ӣԼĥĥ¡˵ϿӦ絽һΪҲӰǶѰδ͵ػתıϿǱҲ뿪˹źʶ̽飬ټҰһеټ
һֻǱϿ˷ģתٴ𺣵Ρǧ﷽ԲڣȻȻ꣬ȥ
Խɽ֣ɽȣ洦ɼĲ֫麡ԼǽУȻԸܵѽʱҾ
һǰɫЩ
Ϊڴ˱չ˵ԵʣΪź֣֮ĳĪɣ´˶ߣﲻ⣡Ȼڡ
ź߷壬ֱԹźǰɽȵһ࣬ǵչصĹź塣
һȥδͣԴʯڶûɽ֮СѰǴصĶפǰ
Ż󿪣ȻǱϿǵĴҴȥ¡ʶڵһࡣ
һû쳣ԽŶ˲ɽķ֮䡣ѪиɭüͷǻƬֱ̣ǧ֮ȥ
һɽȣȻֻƶ쳣ƧֻǱصʯм뷨ĴӺǲҲ̶áҲȱʯ̨ЩۼȻ˴ǹźʯڵнء
һͣɴ˼ǰ
ϵһ߷֮ϣδ㣬ǽסɫ䳰΢΢һЦ
֮ǹ壬֮ϹͺͺʲôûСǼǵǿʮɵľʯûдڹ
һʯͷϷŹǴݲնɱĳҲɹŵĹȴҲĺݶ
˶УΪҶԵѰ˴Ϊβĳɱ޹
һźľ󣬽סһΡ꣬ڿն
ȥѰϿ붷ʸƱҪ˼ףȻĳѰ
һ̲֮࣬סͷҪԶȥ֮ʣɫһԳɣͻȻѪʢȴϳâֻѪеĺڰ˫ͫڻתҹķ֮Ȼ˲䴩͸Ӳʯֱɽɡʮ
ɾеǸǧ˵ͫΪԴһΪ֮󣬻ͫʧһ㣬ͱˣȴȻʩչ硣üӡǵı޷֮ͫУĿ͸󷨡谭ν׾١ʲɽ֮Ρ֮£Ȼ
һһâ˲׹嶥ݶ¡ȥʮɣȥһ٣Ȼɽ֮У˵һյľ֮УȴطСΪأȻǹźʿһչصרڡǣж뾲ֱͨ¡
ҲıڿտգʲôûУʹǽǶǸڶڱء
һԳɣɶ¶ȥȴֽ˲Ρһ˶ߣʯ׻ɣֱͷȻʡϢֹסȥƣ漴̧۹ɫ΢㵡
һʮɴСɽȻǵɡʯ齡ʯʯʯ֮⣬Ŷһ࣬ڷʯʮƣ֮ǰĵϹһλߡ
źɵ֣ڵĶΪءǰɽǷ嶥ľ⣬ɽлءϿǱչ֮ʶһ٣Ϊ˹ʣ
Ϊ˼ϾأȻҴ棬Ҳİǹصߣǹźĳ֮һס
һ֮ʣҪѯʡ
ǡڴʱǰȴǷߵף漴ֱ漴̱Ȼں޽ӰТ֣֮ĪꡭĪ갡鰧ݺᡣ
һΣ˾ʹֹסһ㵡
źĽѣȻ׶
ҹźһ壬⣬ǧ֮δϾȴһʱ̰
һ߿һ߾֣ǰڳԾļƣ̾˴ҽҡ
״һʧ
ȻһףżɽжһϤĻӰȻȻأֶί̱Ļԭǰֹ
һֳΣǰԷݿֻ塢ͣ½Ųæʵףʵ˭´˶֣֮֡
۶鱯ֻ۹һ˿ŨŨĻںޡһĬĬҡҡͷȻǲԸ˵
һĸΣȴɻ󣬾ֵĳź֮飬¾Թֺۣηԭίٲң⡭
Ȼ̾лǰ御ܽǻ
俴ǸǰڵֱʮǰȻԶȥҲǸѱ֮ˡ
һ΢΢˵ͷ̹ϵףֻҪ飬ĳ޹ϵĳźһȻΪˤ³䱳˫ֵ֣ĳȻɱþҶħͷ֣Ĳǻ
Թ˵ͷһءΪ˵ģֲòˡ򽫱ź帲ǴѰԺ;ҲΪֹ
ɱ֮˵̫šҪ֪ǧľޱŹʮ꣬зȴѱ档
һɫɡ꣬ڻڡ


1429 ɱ
Ϲ֮ʣڹź䶯һʱԭ¹شΪɶݷͼһ󣬾Ը
Ŵʥһ˶ռȺʢ£һרϡ
֮£㽫й¶ħǼλõĵѣֻǿȡ
Ǽλõĵѿڷ粻ħеǰϤ˴£漴סαܹƻ󣬵ʵ顣Էֹźԭȴӣƴ࿹˫һʱҲֲ¡
˭϶ԷְԮλڵĸˡе飬ħ޴ףɳΪħǳϡǴ׵ΪĪ⣬ԭʢŭ֮ºɨźɷŮףնɱ
𡭡Ϊ֮ףȴӭ֣֮¶̰ڣĪꡭĪꡭ
ɽ֮Уأ̱ڵء֮ʣ̲סᱼӿ
塢֮⣬һɫЩࡣ
ǵźʯص̣ԭĽ޴޷ʧƫİˡ׵ǻҵĸԴҪ֪Ĵһ֪Ʊؾķǿǹϵž;쳣ջ˲һУ
ΪҶйأ벻Ȼԩħͷźƽ٣׹Ȼ̡ףȴħǵĴסϡǱı
λϣλףԱѣֻ໥ֲ¾ŽΪˣľλˣŽתɥĲĴɱĮĲп飬ν˵Ƿ켫ĵزֹյĺҪħ޵֮¡
ǰµʵǺǡ
ײЦ૵ССĹź壬ҲˡħƴԺ
߶߶˵˴ֻйһȴһĳŵֻһֿοˡ֪ħħǣʵ̫ǿ󡣱룬ͷֻ
һɫ죬û룬ʵȻ御Ϊε⣿ħǷõ˾
ⲻˣ类ֻ꣬;λħǳϣش˴ھֺ˵
ħǳϣ
ǰɡ
֪˻ڵǰһ̡
㡭
顪
˶Ի֮ʣеͻȻ־֮˲䣬ڷһ죬漴ڱѪ£Ȼ˫ۻԲţֱֱʯϵƣڣ
һȻ
ں֮µײԸȻڵƶ˵ֺγһֽѡ
һͷͽס£תɽⲽƬ֮վֵһƻ档
ת֮䣬׵ʬΪҽֻʣһöڵϣ͸Եļį
һһƷ֮Զ꣬ǰʯ֮ϣתȥֻ֮׹
̤˵ÿڴˣĳҲȻʲôоӡȴԵֵĽ޶ԣǲ鿴¶ûСп㽫һβ׵İ¡׵ʹսᣬֺηھȥ
һסɽƬ֮ݳɽ壬̶ҡֱϣ˲ѵɸ߿֮СطľΪ֮һ̧תֱҰħǶȥ
ˣźһӴĳӲۼ˵ĻȻ
ףɳλϣȻ˵ĺĪѭӦˬ
һĳĸˡλҪΪħƴ󣬱ҰĲΪΪôĳԹۣ
ʱ֮ǰħǵ·;Ȼ롣
һ뿪󺣣ѭɽǰ·֮ʣá
ȥħǣֱӵҪ˵ǼӲ֤˵УֱӵţﲻⷭӲֻ֤ҹζ࣡
һڰлһӰȥȴͻȻ۷أһɽ꣬ȻֹסΣ۹ѪɫһţŰǵ·˵ʮ겻λУ
֮һ޼ʵĳɽ룬޺Ӱһȴǽ۹Ƿ嶥һ£΢̶ɫǿ͸βһԵơȻ˵գǱѻֳλߵӰһŵģ
һԷ˫ֵȻֵ̨˱׷ҶԵˡ
εߣ̨ھսҶ֮ڻȥżȻǻͫʲѲ
Ǻǡ
ɫЩƣЦ̨Ȼϥţִ̧кֵܵڳɾ֮λϲɺأΪҲøĪ⡣Ҷȴ޼ҿɹ֮ˣֻĴƯԿַ룬Եͬ黻˸ɫתʣĪҪǰħǣ
һһƲĬϡȻֳΣȴȥ˷Ϊǲ̫ҡⱻħǵĸַټ
ǺĵѵǺǣħŽգڣ㻹Ǵظɡ
̨ڹ£鲻Ÿ͵ǰҵڴйһ࣬Ȼˡ
Ŷ
һ⣬ʵΪιʣ
̨ҡҡͷʾ޿ɷ档
˫ûн飬Ƕ֣ȻͶֵֻܷ
һ۹΢΢£ֵλڴ˼һ࣬ɱ˲ħǵӣȻջ񣬺βһ
΢΢һԵ̨˵ƾ޾ݣĪҪӲ²⡣Ҷ˺ôҲħǵĳϣвɱ飡
һΪȻЦЦλ׵С׿˵Ӧòм١λǷɱĳ޹ءĳֻǺ棬ȥ˺δ
ħǼȻŽգ϶ʡǳ׼Ӧûи
ȻСѱʱ޶࣬Ҷһȥ˭Ǻǡ޷Цֻĳν޾⣬һֵ٩
һü䵭꣬ĳսҶˣ࣬λдһֲ֪ʤΡ
ƣҪЮɱ˾ҶĿãӸĪ⣬ɣʶжѼ˭ָ֣
̨ɫһ䡣еæվֵֵҲؽʲԹԵʵ桭
һתȥĬĬ۹Զ
ʼͷ̹Ȼһ֮ǰħǸּȺ˵Ϊ˽ɱֵˣĴ£ƺƵɱġҶˣŻѯʾ˭ħŽգòλСžǸס
һ˵꣬Ȼ׵Ե桭


1430 ľޱ
ɽĹ£̨ӰٴνȥأԶǿգɫ͸һ˿졣
һϤħڶֵȥֻɣ̧һ̤ŤĹâȻʧգ֮䣬ѵǿѰټݷǣԭصľ紵졣
̨Ĺ£ĴҴææ
ַҡҡͷʾԼҲŪ״ȴ̲ס̾ΪȫѪɷ֮鸡ֵһӡ˭ʲչֵĶݷƣȻ쳣ǿǳĪ⡣֮УֻħᲢۡ
̨ΪȻ飬ţʣ֮˭һޣ縺ɻʴУ˭ѾŴ˵ħǶȥȴƾһ֮ǧ֮λ˭ѪɷƵҶλħ޼ƿʩҲֻһѡ
ЦǺǣԼǣΪֹħǺǧľޱٰ֪֮
̨λæѰҾ;Ͼˡ
£˵ҲȻħǡħĵˣӦ֪λλ׵ƢԡˣȻĻԵоӪ֮ģȴ˽񣬷±򡭡
̨Ȼֵ֮⣬֮ٷı
š˵ֻ棬һΪҪڴʱУѵ̵ĵ
˽̸֮ʣֽ⳶һϡ
̨Ҳڴɡ
Ϊβ᣿ȻǸСȻ֪Ĵڡ
Ȼˣ㵢ȥ
ҽħǶʵҲˣ൱ʼա
벻Ҷ䵽˾ء

ֱȥ
İǿ֮УͻȻһǧɵĹâˮ顱ľⷽƽ֮ɲǣӰ̧֣ǰ̤ȥٿšһ˲ңԶ֮ٴ̤һԶԶȥѵˮƷɺӰҽ統裬ؼ续
˼ѽǰ
һȥƲͣڻлһĺӰɽӭǧɫ仯˲䣬һȻֹ¹âŤɢȥѾһɽ֮ǰ
ǧ֮ɽߴɣɽȻǰɽƺȴǿӿݣ洦ɼײĺۼɴɽ˼㣬еѪɱȥ
켾ȣ塣
ҰϵģҪ¡ʩչؾһ·Уǰֻ˼ʱ
˼һɱϿǣԼĸȥ˺δ
һųɽȣɫɻ꣬ǰƮȻڴǰɽƺ֮ϡﻹǲ˫ⲽ
Żա
ϡ֮桱ĸȻƷǷȴһĪ뱯
һǰʮͣ漴̧ҽһ̤֪βδ֣ȴ˳£̾ͷŵ˫˫Ȼӭ
һ϶߳Ӱ
Ϊ׵ɫ԰ףɫȻشδ֮ʻ̲ס
׳ͬǺ͸ϢңΨǺŮӵλ㲻ȴǣһ˫Ŀεĺ⣡
ǰԣǣѲǰϡ뺷ᣬѶ͵ģ
һȻ˼˺£Ͽֳڣ
ǰĲԶͣ¡
еĶҧҧأһ͹𡣶һȴֹ
ǳϴ󡭡
ǰǿ£ͻˣͽ˵桭
ǵ͸ί漴Ͷٿ
λǡ
һΪɻ󲻽⣬ҪʣԶ˭ô켾塭
˲䣬ʮȻֳ֮ʮλʿӰǧɢһΪƱˡΪ׵ߣȻλڵĸ֣Ҳİ
һתħʿ
ʮˣΪħʿλ֮⣬µĽǶڵĸ֣Ϊ׵߸ħĴ֮һΣ˵
һԴ㵣ҲЩ⣬ȴٴɫȵһϷܣ˲Կ壬ȥ󡭡
ܣ
һɵû׿ǰˣԷɫرܣ֮ȴָŭĻ˼ɡлȻüͷתʵǾɳǱ
ǵö뿪º壬ҲࡣĳűϿ׷;Ե顣ѵ̶̵¼䣬ľȻ˾ޱ䣿䡢鸽ħǵһʵš
Ϸɳ
߹ȻĴ֮һ֮ɫɱڣҵʾ⣬ȻǵһԲϾͶļơ
ԭǾɳν֣ղʶ
һһƲ̧ǰӿӿݵɽƺͱ±ߣŲŲæվ˫֣˵Ҫĳȥ˼ʵԭί԰գ۹ӹɽȶɫ
Ǻǣ
ɳЦַ߳һȻѱȴʶʱϷȻšħƴ󣬲ơ
֮ͬʱܵɽӿһӰĵʿɫ̻̣ȴֲҽǰԶԶк֣ΪµС
һûᾰɳĶţٴοǰˡ˼便˺ֱʣλ齾̣۹ЦλǴ˼ˣҪлͣĳȥٶ¡
ǰͲס£Ŵ˵Թһս֮㲻ĵˡ
죬Ƥ鴤ţ³֣ϴ󡭡
ǵоǷỨ㣬Щػ߰
Σɳλ𽫻˵꣬ŭϵߣĪҪϷ
һȻתɳ߳ſϷ򡢱տϷڱǰ˵Ĳ񣡡֮ʣŨü΢΢бĪȻɱ˲
ɳ죬ʧ㡭
һأ¶ҷȻưȻķħ֮ǧ𡣺֮˭桭
ûħ֮ϣȴ˫ʲãٲȻһƿصߣʱ׶𳹰˷
ɳ̹һǿҲ֪һѾȴû뵽һħ֮¶ɲΪĲ⣬һǿӲθɣѵͲħǵľλŭ
һվδλ漰˻֮ΣԴһ˦λɷٿȻԶ漴ָԷתȻɳңңڵ䡣Ȼֵɳɱ޹ﲻ⣡˼飬һȫʬȻ


1431 
켾ȼΪֺ룬иʵһΪĿǰİ֮У˫ŵθɽΧ۵
һϮµӣİסԹȵһ˵λĽ鲻ħ֮д˵ԳǧأҪΪǿгͷ̫ڷ˼ˣĻо
ǰɽƺϣʦɫ졣
ǰԿǰݵӰסһַָȴס͸Ī
ֻҪһܾˮ֮У֮λҲϧɳıħ޵ľŴˣв㽫ʯٰµдһϢٲçײ
鲻Խ߬˫ȭҪͦƺȥȻǣƶ֧šĵ׷һص˻ĺ
ʱܹ˵裬ֱȴ޴ӿͽκΡ
Ǳݰۣ
λʦҪô踺أҪôĺҪôıʱϴ緢
֮ͬʱɳҵһɫ䱸
뽫Ǹһ£˭˲˵ΣҪЮ޿ֵذڳ˶ֵļơħǵĸ־ȥֻʹְʮڴˡݣյԤϣ
Ƭ̣ɳѴһδڷѣɵЦ˵һµҲ޷ֻû鰡Էضơ
ǧ֮⣬һɣ˻
ɳַ룬۹˸ȨŶ֮ʤ㼸ΣȴԶλɷܡ£˵ҰʹźͿ̿ħ𷴻˵֮٣Ĳﲢ翹վԵֵ֮ŭձϿ䡣Ϸʩ뼸λѡҵפڴˣֻΪһǺǡ
ɳ˵˴סԵһЦֵűԣ͵֤
˵˵Ҷûɱźκһˡ
󵨣ģ·ϣ
Ȼ漴ƿԡ
ɳȴĵϿΪЧ֮ģ׷ҡȸ֮٣ؽ̣
вʡ
һлȻһ䡣
Ҳ
ɳ˰֣˵ϿĸԸĿáǰԵѣ˵ҲǡûӦ⣬˵һѽ˼ԭίʵ档Ŵ֮£ҶҪǶӣǺǡ֮⣬λħ𶼲Ķ֣һѻʯǲ֪
һ˲²⣬Ćȥžɳ˵ͷ۹ӹڳʮλħʿ˵顢ɳɱ޹ȴ޻ġ˱оΪݣȣױسͣвӲϢ֮ڣ˳仰滺ȫ֮ǰɱ֮ҳͣΨתɫ
ɳͷһ漴ҡʮλԲäӡʧЦǺǣһ浱Լħ֮Գ桭
ڴ˿̣ͻȻƮǧâ׷ƲɵٿȻǿĽ֮ɱǵض
ɳЦδ䣬вҵˣգ֮ݳʮ㿪ȴĵɭӰסȥ·æӶһںڵԲƿնȻХݺǰȥæ֮лһƳʱ
ʮλħǵѣѱڽ⽣֮С
䡢䡢䡪
ʮ͵׹ϮʮɵԲδѱ
ɳѵǼɷܣֿڲ֮ء
ǸһȻ߶ɱΪԭվŲ³СΪϣ
ɳ˲µİΣֻŰмƽϡ׿·λɷܣתֱ֮ȥȥǧɣӭһõӰ߶׷ݺݺ
һķ
ɳһźڹӭͷϣȴûδתһõӰȻٴεͷѱӰڵϾ·ȴ߶ΪֻȫһƴԷȣȴδظ߹ԼҪӲӲ˭Ӯ˭仹˵أ
֮ͬʱڼȻһͻȻˡ
ֻ̧һ̤ԽǰĽգ֮ѵ˾ɳʮ֮⣬δʩƣ̧ץ֮ɲǣһâɶȻǧɴСֶȥ
֮
ɳΧ֮УæҡһʩչͨϤİв²⣬ɻ󲻶
ǡڴʱˮ״ϸ׹Ȼ£̺֮ǿǳ⧲
䡢䡢䡪
ըĿ֮УɳħƻʱķѡֱʱŷһΪԼ£֮Է߷ӰϮʱǿת޴Ӧԡηս֮ʣҪܣȻһܹâ졭
ɽ֮УɷԲĽȻ˸ϡɴϵǧɸߴɳͻȻŹâ߷ӰһͬʧΨһնȴ˫Ŀ΢նɫ
һƬãã֮䣬ɳȻĹˡ
ڵķԲǧɣȴѶ죬ǡݻ֮Уɼ˴Ǻڣѵǡ
֮ʣһϤӰʮ⻺֡ǻµۣҷ磬΢̣Լбüңһ˭ˣֻӰЩ˸ƮȴⷽػȻһ塣Ϣ֮䣬ɹķ仯ܡ
ɳ˲ڻȻʧؽ硭
һԪ֮ƮȻأЩشããķûᾰɳ޴룬ؽ磿Ӧǰɣ಻Ȼ
ǧʥ֮һаҲħ޳ɽ磬شֻһƲл꣬յĳɾͻ޴
ɳҡͷŵ˵Ψеʷ޳ؽǬ㡭Ī쾳硭
Ρ
һӦһ䣬Դοɱֶβ֣֮ȴǳγԡǬңġ
Դ̤̫徳֮бһѣȻ΢СȴȶسΪɳʱգཫͬħǰ㣬ӵҵһأƿǬ꣬ķԸ׷ѰѾõɾǾظ֮䣬֮С
ɳԻ̶̻ɫòͣԶһĬȻڳȡ֮䣬תҵһ˦䣬ݵ;֪Ӵƾ߶Թ
һѭȥÿɷһƲ˵ֱʱ㻹ΪŹ㣿
ɳֱӣΪβأź¾һգǱ֮򡭡


1432 ֮
˵ź鳤ϻϤ֮󣬱̽顣ιźڤ粻Ǻ鳤һŭ֮£ϵǧɷΪ©˾ٲ޲ס
޲ףɱΪݣ
⡭ұ޵ԭ֮٣֮˵
㲻ͣ𻵵ġ
Ǻǣ֮ԵƾǧĿޣȴҲߵ˽յһ֪飬ΪĿĶֶΣհǰ˺󣬱ˣʧȥȤ;Σ

³֮ǡĵĶЯڶǸçײĺӣźһƬǽ壬˵ҪѰħۣȴΧ˲ضǱӴܡλ֮ΪƣϢ
ˣ
ȿȡԣһͳ°
ô˵ԸıǽΪˡֵǧġ

ϿγΪʣ
ħǾڶĲһ֮ʣϿҴҸĵĶֻþ䣬ԣӴħǽöΪС׷λϵԵʡ޴֪Ͷ֮٣Ÿһ
йعź֪Σ
žϻԵ
űϿȥ˺δ
ҪôѲ߮ķҪôħǣҪô
Ҫôɱǧģ
²ѣΪƾħˣѵΡ
˵Ҳǣв̨ʼաβߣؽ
㡭ѵҪɱ˱˲ɣĳ˶ڵĸ֣ΪѰķǽͬУ洦
ĳŵԣ鶨ҪΪź峥ҵͬΪı
㡭ۣǧ;ͬ飬к
㾰ɳ޵Ǽȳ֮֮ĳ޵ģȴĳ֮Ȼ򵥵ȴһ޶
֮ϣһĬȻڳ˼ǳҵжȻ
ɽе콣ǺбʮλѡλɷΧɵĽ󻺻תԷԽɱ
Զķɽϣڶʿٶһɨһɫܡ
֮Ĵǰʦͬ־ֲ졣
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յĹȥԶĿѡ
ڴʱеһͷ꣬һָ
֮˲䣬仯ŽâըǧٿȻɢ̶߳˸˷ֻʮɵķԲ˾еʮӰֳãȻĹ˶ʧ롣
һ䣬˵ȣݽңλȴţϧԷк֮£ֺηһ棬˳߹򡭡
ȿȡ
ǰڹĽǰԽסһ󼱿ȡšһ飬ʹ಻װǻ֮ʣȴԵʦʦҡͷʾ⡣
ûвʦֵ״ǰһֻ˫ȭø°졣ǸϴʲôãǆЩʹ죡
۹һƳ̲סȺħɱﲻ⡭
֮Уʮλħɡǡڴ˼ʣﲻ⡱ĻͻȻ˶ңһǿͻΧգ֮䣬â˸
һڰ֮ϣµĽͻ״ɽƺϵӰбһۣ漴߶ɱ
ʮλħƴ˷ʹԭǧ𽣱òȱۿ콣ҡҡ׹ͻȻһâ֮ɲǣɵĽȻתǰ󲻹Ϣ֮䣬ĽʧֻһʮɵĽɫںХֹ֮ѪŽĲҺԶȥ
ǼæŽǰԡʾ£ָաλʦֲᣬæ̧ͷĿɿڴ
Լ˵һ仰Ȼ˵Ķʮλ֣ѾڽĽɱ֮»Ϊ촷ۡ
ɫ罥ֱӰޡ콣ʧ˲䣬һĽӡӰ׹ɽȡ෱鳾
һأԼȻȫްɱ
꣬ĬĬͷһƳĿֻصĿֺǶĵ㣡
ԴΪڣ콣֮ǡԴ˶Ըµĸֻ֣һ³ɱ
ʱɱ¾ɱ⣬ȴԵɶѪĽɵʵЩ
һһƲ£תɽʦ˹˹֣˼ˣǣ

ӰеĽǰԸĽϵܣɱħʿһ֮
һɫɣ۹ӹķ
ٵӰ˷˹ȴֲҽǰֻǧԶңңһɫηܲѡ
ħشȻϰݡϵһ֮Ӷˡ
һȻ׵˻ѵĵĽĳ𣿡
ѵ𣿡
ǰʮվΣдʵɴѣд档ϵɱ˾ɳʮλ֣Ȼı
ָ
һ΢΢üǰԵˡ
ͷرܣɫЩȻǸȻһЦ
ϵ£ʦֳΪ𣡷ˣýĵ֮Σ
ǰԵʵ֮󣬼£˺һظعֵϵԨԴΪ֮ǿʷ֮ʣǡ֮ʱϵĪҪƴǡ
£ϴ󡭡ֵܸԸ׷ҡ
ɫڴϴ°ɡ
˲䣬Զ˵Ľ𡭡
һ³һҡҡͷ
ǰһԣؼʱȴ־šף޷Ҫıȡһ֮ˡˣҲƽϣ
ĳӦڱϿ⡣ʱ˿̣׳ʣĶڷƮҡ֮Уĳﻹйʰ̯ӣֻҪ˻һղð
һƬ̣ʵ뿪֮󣬴ȥδ
ǰԳķ˰֣ԶĽʱͣƬ̣³һ䣺޴Ӳ²⡭
ĳв²⣡
һȶǳԹ˵ɨ֮ϷŹǧġĳһǧıؽصĵĸޡ̧һӣֵǧġģнѣĳԹۣԾڴˣͣ
ǰԼһȥѾҺһʱֻΪѵϵܲڴ˴ֻµʱԶˮ𡭡
һһĨЦȻǾ˻ԴԾ󻼣
һֵϴֵܿͬУ
ǲԾԾԣҡ
һҪӦǰԻæϵܣҴʦȣղĸΪС


1433 Լĳ
ģԹȡ
ɽеĳߣĬĬ̳ӹžơ̴棬Ƿ֮ɫ
ˮ˶ĴϷܵɽɽˬԶɽףį
ɽȻƬɽȣ뿾ζٲ˵ദ޼ֵ֮Ÿ
ʦ֣δõչزǣΪֶƾƣ
ǴԶƮȻءлһ֦ųˮ档ܡٺ١Ц漴ԾûȤؾС죬˵ʦǿ齩̲ʯͷϴԶˡ
ʦֽǰֺֹǣͲһĴһˡֻ壬ڴĵǿʢٴν١˾ٻʦѵ˭˵أټϴʦֵһ֮ѩϼ˪īسɹָˣֻǰ;ã
ߵԣ֦˫֣ҡţѽȤĴǲһ
̧һƳĮȻⴴδƽԶȥ֮ʣ˫չжһ೤ĺɫ
ţҾһ˵ʦ֮ﵹǲ
ֵĺ˵񣬱ϴһ˭롭δ˵꣬ǳ̾һ
ǵߺһĨǳЦοʦǣԼӰСȥѰϴҲˡ
ɵʦֲʡ
ǽ°һ̧Եɫüҡ
ǧġ
º塣
𻵵ĲͤѱͤĸҲһ顣էȻȥ¡֮Ƕ˼˪֮⡣
ʮ⣬кذһŲͤгȺʿУһȻԵã
һͤΪ£֣𴦲ͬ˴ۼʿΪ֡ԭһٽ½أʱилԵͤйء
ӵһȺѴӵˣƬ̱ҪȥġΪȰ˵ͣ
ȵ֣ѵһۣ˵˵ԨԴ
ȶңֵܿõˣ׽׽
ȵ԰꣡˼ӣ֮Ȥ˫
ԼǣΪβ١
һȺʿ࣬ӵ˾ɫԼ˫λʱڡ¡Ĳ֮ͤУ漴ᴫҵ֮ȻңǺٺİߣһŲͤӣҲһٹεķ羰
λλĳҪǰɣʵϾʧ㡭
ӵҲŽ鵺ĸҺǿᵽ£ձҪǰȴϱһȺײ㲻ݷ˵ק˹Դ˼羰£ֻȥ˹ֵһʱȤ˴ţūͷλǰֻ¸λܲ𡭡
׷ӣūҲÿ峿ǰڲͤˮ١ºҲвٵŮޣòףȴȵϴ˼ӰԼȻͬѰݣ˾۶Ľѣ
ǿĵӣΨһŮӣ׽һֱһ͵ĻԵ
ӵΪ˱֣Ȼͷ죬ȴӲԽ֮١Ҳ֪ȺֺԼǱ⣬ɴԸ롣еӣûٴ棺ӿԶ۶֮λأ
ӵ׿ˣľջ̲֮ϣҴڿշֱȥȴ̲סһƳ
·嶥ūϥ
۹⵭ӹӵҴȥӰתϥͷϵһؽ֮ͩϡڲͤˮ㻳ȴ뱻Ⱥʿ¡֪֮ڡ
ū̧ԶٵĺڷգһС񡣵ϼѪһĺǻ׹䣬ƾײĺ
ūԼ񣬽סվ
֮ͬʱºİд顱һ죬֮âŤӰ֣֮ҷ̬
ūʣʧʦ
ߵĲ֮ͤУʿĿɿڴ𡭡
һ뿪֮ʱû߶ǡ׷棬Ҳּɡǰ԰˴ʦֱϿһλֻþʹա
꣬ϿΪһöֵ˿⽻ãֿʵ䷴һλ֮һԺΣΪУǴĴκһˡ
ֻгȴûɵˡ
һȥ֮󣬲ҵ飬ʩչؾһ·񱼣ֻ뼰緵ǧġͼ죬ǧ⧲֮һ١
һ·;δ״
һ
ūӭСȻ·ĺ̲ϣڶʿھʧ롣
һʶӹķ˿ȴϾ˵һץסūı䣬̧ǰ̤ȥ
ʦͽӰٿȻʧһ̱˫˫ʮ֮⡣
İ֮Уһɿū۹ӹɽȣ˲ȵڴˣ
Ƭ̣ԽʯϿȷĵ·ɳһӰͷµϣп׵ӵȸǿ㲻°λ֣һ⡣
ϴĴɣµ󷨲Žϣڲ鿴˵á
ϴ󡭡
λͬ𡭡
绢ͷֵ˵ڸλǰԼѵ֮£Һĵعǰ걸鿴ָ
ת֮䣬λ־۵ܡǰ;ˮĹӵ֪ݵ΢Ķ㵽һԡ
һĺѣֻǼ˵ؽҰħǵһʵڱת֮ǰǿ
ҡͷ˴
ħǲģ°˱Ͽʵ϶ļ²ѣħ޵ľŴ˾ǧıؽһ٣ȥ¼䣬һаȻ
һҲЩ⣬ѵԼ²
Խڶʱ˵𣡲ħΣǧԲӦ䡣󷨴ϣб޻ֺηǰȥһۡ
ڳͣȻǶԺĵ½Ϊá
΢Цָ̧½Ƶķԣƴӵģ
¶֮ԪӴӴһ겻԰ϪȵȴӵϣϵͷټԪԽϲٲȻΪ֮µĵһˡ
һ˼ڽ֮ϣҲûƫһ磬ִӣžһ˦䱳֣׵ӴŸԼڶС£в⣬ƾ󷨾شԮ˵ȣ汾ԶС
β⣬æ㳲Ϊİ㣿
һüһŵħǡ
Ȼħǣֺαں
ߣĳȴں˻ڵĺҲɵĽңƴɱΨǲԼĳǡ


1434 ħ
֮УƯһСĲǡǧٿף״һɭľʯ
ʱǵһѨ֮УðһӰΪ׵һϣԼǧĵڶප֡
Ұ֮ڳ;У뷢Ⱥҵ鲼ĸصĴд漸·ҲݡҶ˵һ䣬ҪԪӳϵͼ
ˣҾӹ
һ뿪ѨǰʮһʯƮȻ䡣֮⣬һž޴ƺبաԶԶȥǻƵǹΪĿ
Ұ֮ȥ
һԶƬ̣ŵ˵ͷ˵λˣ
ӡԪ뼸λʯǰ˴۹һæǵͦεĻ±Ӱ˵ڣ
ԪǾµˣȻ಻Ϊ֪ءͶϣ˭һ顣ǡ˴γ;ϮֻýͼӡȻڴ
ӶԪӵ֪ʶȤο˳̧һ䣬Ͷұ֮⣡ǳ׼󳤻ҪԺΪ󡣷Ļһرȥ
ѨеӰ̲ϣðūͷӰһԼߵϺ󣬰˲ǧĵʿԶ֮𡣶ֵŽٳɱڣʹüڵūԽūҵɷأɫǳЦӯӯ
ɱˣޡޡ
ͷԲ˫ۣ׺͸Ʋסĵ⡣ֻƸһѿˮɷصţʱҪ
ȣֻ̬Լɢƣе߳ɱȻ
ҲֵԾԾԣ˵Ұʧܣ漴ֱ˶ʮ꣬˵ɱ̨ʤһʿķߺȴһʱĥɱħǣǶħǣǲŽһѩǰܶü
˾ҲʹڳλִΪܡҰħ֮ǿ԰Ӱ˻ġһȴרǿ֣һ;ϮֱҪưڵͷǧĺʱйǿᡣܽΣһ붼Ѫţ
һûзϻͷҲأ̤նֱǰҰȥ
һ⻮ա

ʱ֮һɺ
֮⣬ħǡħǷԲǧڣֱ֮ߣһɵĹâ֮¡ԶԶȥǱһеĴɽȴֻްɱ
ǳ׼ħǴŽգǽ䱸ɭϣ
һڰգһ˦˸ΣȴȥƲ̧ͣٳǰɽʯд棬Ӧñħǵ̫ڡת˫۸߾٣漴Ȼӽȥ
һǧɵĽɫâƿնжۻƥƺݺ˻Ǵ֮ϡ
䡪
һ죬ǡһǧˡֻǴâŤް˿Žֳʶߣ漴˲ֺϣŲ𵴶ȥ޳Ƕ΢΢ҡΡգ֮䣬ǴȻָԭ״
ħǵʮԶ⣬һֹסΣհɶĪ⣡δ⻤Ǵ󣬶ǾеĽ
û۱֮󣬺Щ鶯δ˼Ƕ˼׺ɱ֮ʱâ²һͷѪʱŭɱķ
֮ͬʱǴ΢΢ζ֮нƷ϶ѿһλߵӰŭȵ˭ڷ
һԹ˶ŽûǰĶ
߲վȣȻԶΡʮеǵӰ죬ԶİٶλֵҲͬİŭӣ߳һ㾹ЯڹħǣǺε
һȥâĽſǸܻߣü˵Ǳ
ǵħǵĴ֮һ
һԷӦ𣬻θߣȻħɱ޹ʹź֣֮ģв֮١֣ΪұݡձҪеһǬʱ
ŭЦǺǣ㲻ħ֮ʵɸԳƱ𣬻еҡҡͷͷػ𣺡ȥ󣡡
һк̣ʵ֪ȴװ˺ͿĪڳУ
ɫ΢㵣漴ֲм˵ڲڳУΣһǴǲ֪ν
һſڴϵһߵǡƳǡڳУҪô뱾һսҪô͵Ȼһ٣˵ưȻƳ֮գɱ飡
ģѰǸ׵Ĺϡߣȴ˸ʣȻǸĻ֮һᣬΪȻؼЦǺǣħǲ°֮ڣơҪǣϤ㣬ʱĪҪ֮ӡ仰δ䣬һѴҴҶǴ󣬸κοɳ֮
һ˫üǳ˼˵ÿ仰һ飬ֽұǰһӣ߶ַǣ
ʮ֮⣬ǧĵλڵȺŹǺԲɵͷһ˵кƺƵɱڣҪ԰֮սټһħǣ޴󡣲մʱҶò
ӼԪӵڳɣæԽڶϵ׳ȵչǣʲã̧һӣӵȶʮλɱǰ
ת֮䣬ħǵĻǴӭǿʱɱڡ
һδ빥ǣתء뻢ͷЩͣѲ߮ķ״ٻáֵҲϻֵӰƳǶȥ
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һһСɽϣѰ˿ƽ̹ķʯϥūһԡʦͽԲ̧۹
ǰİ֮УӵһſħǵĳڿըǴ󱻾ȴڹâ˸пȻ
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һʱ֮ħǰȻ죬ȴӦս״µľ޳ǱһͷӴĹޣĥ裬ȴһֱ̼ءʱ֮һɡ
һʦڶʱȴȻȻóϽ«һĬĬ
λֻɽϸѰ˿طЪϢ˴ԶĪеԪӿ˿ǰΣ£˵ħڴǧ꣬Ϧ֮Թˡ
ʱǧ⣬ðһֵӰö룬ǿħѾķ
һ˿ھƣ۹ԶȻЦϦ֮乥ħǣû˵ĵز


1435 Ϊ
һº
һ¼䣬ĺûͣħǣǿȻ
Ǵ̫ڼ᲻ɴݣַҲͲ١һûһ̲ͣ
ǵĶ̫ˣΧ۵ĸʿгǧ֮ȴֲҽǰԶ⾡鿴֣
˵Ϊ׵Ļ˱һħ֮ǧħɱ޹ĵֶжȻŭЯַҪħ֮š˾ٲΪΪ˽ֻΪµ壬˻̫֮ƽ
Ҳ۴٣ôһλĻҸҵΪĸˣ˷
ħʼձżز֮ɫľŴˣҲ˭˵۳Ǽ̣㽩ȥֹ
ʦʱܹħǣ
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ūϹ˵ء
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Сɽϣһūϥɽ£ǧʿۼЪϢ֮ء࣬ʹҲƣԳûɵϢǺʦͽˡ
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š
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ֻʮӰ׷˴ıܡ
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ת֮䣬һٽħǡ
׷ϵδɿͻȻһȭӰܲ顱һ죬ʱѪգ֡ͨڵϡæ£µһ̨ףɳڴˣ򿪳šδ𣬻׺С֮
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һѾȿȡ
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죡
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ϣм˳ħ߶˵Ӧò٣
ħǵӳԷȺмλóħʾ⡣
ǰһѣϷҪǱչˡ
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ͻ״ѱ棬һʱۻҡ
ڰгɲĪͷһ룬æȵ
Ǵɵ֮һâɳλСžҪж漴ֱͣ¡ת֮䣬ǵŽ󷨷϶£ֻʣһߡ䲻ݻԭľɳͻȻ̧ǰһӡһɫĹâȻȥ㴩һ߷϶
Ȼһʧ㡭
𣬾ɳ¹âŤʱӵģܵľ㵣ֱ㽫ǰλʿץסݺײһ𡣡顱һѪŽл졣ʬתȵǣڱصá˳
֮ͬʱǹâ˸ԳƶȻ˫˫òıδ󺺣һֳɷһӶ߳
ڴˣɱ
ڴˣ˭桭
ֵŽر𣬱ӵɱķ顢顱죬Ѫɽգ֮Űɱ׹䳾µħʿҶܡ
֮ɲǣһضɽҡ
Ǿ紵ɽȥŻɽ󽥽ʧֺ޴ħǻ¶ɡ֮䣬ſһߵӰУɫܣҵѶ³ţӡԪӡӡӵȸλֻȫǡ


1436 ħ
ԭ
縺سΣиΧҲйֵ©ǿԶȥȻСĶ䱸һ˭ϻûü᲻ɴݵħ˲ʧء
ɳǼٵģ˵йĵȴġһȻ֪֮䣬ݡֻǰг룬һʱ˶ϸ롣
ǰȥҰɽȵĶȵҲǼٵģΨҵʿġ
ټٶʵʵִ֮䣬˭ֵܷ
һλֳֵԭΣۻҵһ˵ļ򵥣
һĴǣֻһ̽Ŵ˳ٳٲȫ޹˼֮˶ȡħǵҰġ뻢ͷѲ飬ֻΪҵҰɽȡȶ綨¼ı˶Ŀż࣬˺̷Ĵ֮Яڶȥô˳¡
˶Ϊһ޹ʱȴݻòˡҪ֪װľɳħǳϣݲȴͻȻΪľ׷ɱħǵԼԹۡ
һ裬вѻ֮ӣһȫ̽䣡
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ħʧأ޴ˡ͵طȥǸһ³϶Ի֮ʣȻɱ¶
ȻƬ̣Ȼѡ
ٹ˲ħǵİΣȵ仰δ䣬ƾʧ
һԪӽˣǰʮλħɢħŴ󿪣ӰɱһӴܡԪӡͷԼӵڶֲ׷ϣֻŷ£ԡ˳߼̡ķȵȣ֮ԭʧȥӰ
һ̣ǿ֮С
һֳΣʶԶ΢΢Ȼ
ĶݷΪףת֮ӰңңԼġؾʤһ׷Ϊʱδշ˭ܷǸħǵĳϡ಻֮Ҫָɽ
һ̧һ̤˲ŤĹâء
أԷɶݲͣڰлһĺӰǰ󲻹ϢĹȻԶҰ򣬲Ʈǿ񱼶ȥû˹صļǣٲҡҲǸһ׺λǧĵĶڸֱԶԸ
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һʱĻңʧҪɱҡ
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ЦǺǣҿڲƭʵ飬ֻϧһв롭
һԹ˵ȾɳԲʣʶűίسǵΡüһֵһΣ˵Ҳ˵
£ӲͷƤؾзҡ
һûнӻ΢΢̡
Ұħǡ
ҽȥع飬ŵħǽ˼ֵģֻǳڣжʿأϽ룬ʹΡΰľ޳Ƕ˼Īɭϡ
վڳǰ߸ߵʯ֮϶䱸µļǧĸæµԭسǵħսԾһ𣬲ԼƣԱ˳֮
Щħʿ˵˭Ϊħ֮޹ؽҪӻҪȥš;ߵþԶ֮٣
һüЦ߳ţδǰԶԶȵ֣ǣʵ鰡¾ųǰ̫ƽ£١
λˣƳ֮Ͷϵһλڵĸ֣Ϊǧʿָ򡢲ǣһͣʶħǽ֮ʣ߶ݹ
ӳ˵ͷʾ⣬żֵ̬ѣкָ̡
æ֣ǫѷǺǣָ̿ɲҵֵڴ˵ȴĹһͣ½Ųʾ⣬ѹͻصʵʶȿȡ
΢΢һɵþ˫֣֮ǰðϵĪҪ黳ǡ
֮Ȼָ˳̬ȴԸĪǺǣʵҲûɶٺģ뱾Ե֡ܵؾǻһС֮ĿҲԷϢϢءνԵ֮˵ҲԴɿ
Ӳ٣⡣
ħ֮вԻСȻħţϸȻ˶ųǣһʱԽħʿӪ°빦
ڴʱзһӰ֮ƮȻ£ת֮ڳǰʯϡ
Ӽһæӭһݵڴ˹򡭡
һվ˫֣ʾ⣬۹ϣĪʵû
ͷһ飬ֱȻɫ¶ʴӡˣڴӭ
Ŷ
һʲôʣΪû׷ȥ
һȻĪ⣬˲ɱ˿æǿЦ޹ħˣ¼ɣܵá
ħ̫֮šš̫šžƿ֮УԴѰ尲;δֿҲûκһλڵĸ֡
ʱָŸߴĳ˵ټһ۳ǣʧأ֮ǰ󡭡
Ե棿
Ըп֮ʣԲ֪ʣȴ⶯ڰд
һϾ˵·


1437 ²
ħǵĵھŲ㣬΢ǡ
ν΢ǣ״һƽɽƽ̹͸žǸǧɵʯǰ˻֮ȻƶĪ⣬Ψ۳¡֮ϲоɫ֣ǻްԶȥʣ
ӰɽƺϡеĻ̧۴֮ʣüȴɫȻֺõ²㣬иˣ
Ȼһʿ
һǴȵ˵һ
ϲɫ
һֵ縺С߾ȫ御ȴˮ侮ʯ㲻Ѱ
Ҫָǣæתݵ̸ϼˮʵͶҲ±ΪӲ˽ҡ
һǰж˽ΪҲס
ʱΣ֧᲻
һ˰̧֣ⲽǰ
˿ת뿪΢ǡ
һ˫֣ƮȻʤͥŲɫȴǺɲϡƬ֮һԽɽƺھʮ֮ͣ΢
ƮͲܵλȻʡǳ׼ƾʮڲ˽ơ
һ£óһ˳ǰȥϢ䣬ƴзֿһ϶ԼӲ鿴ٲǰ
Ƭ֮гһյš
һѪͫתδͻȻһ͵̧ȥâ˸顱죬Ŷ룬ȴδգ˫ּӣŵԽķȥ
֮ͬʱвϵɤŭſ
һ㣬Բɡ߸ߵ񷶥ǳʯı軷ơҵĵϣϥһλƵɫƣϢȴֳһħҿǾŵķ̫ڼǿҲ԰ͽ޹ֻú޺գ׺ݵɫ˻ֵС˴Īħб䣬ڡ
һס֮ˣء
ǰڳǰڳļƣ֮٣ʵֺáڰд˵ħ޾Ŵ֮һķھбչˡ
һţһ
ŴǱУѣǧĵڶֱؽֲͷħǵʧزթܣڳеħ޸Ҳֻһλоȴ޴֪ҪϤԭί鷽ˮʯ
˴òˡԵҶˮáʹٵؾֳ˷飬ȴǡôسȫһõϿɡ˰֮ͶҲ㣬ʶʱ񡢹ɣ˭˵ء
ףͶϣڹ˳ħȻ
һ۹ӹίڵصϸˣת̧ͷȥĪ
ҵ񷶥֮ϣȻ⻪תǹڡͨ;ʧǧ֮ϹŻþžĳֶٴο
㾹Ҵ˹ħǡ
֫ƣҲãȴ͸ŵɫ߳һСҰĲεºܡǷ
һ΢΢üͷʮǸЩϸ˵һƳ˵ĳ޵ܣֻǽҾȹλħ޸˵ˣĳ޴־ȴǿйħ֮ƣĳΪѰ̫徳粻ֵһ᣻ĳ²ãɱǧĴɺϡ˾һߣҾһɡ
һ٣Ƶֵħ޵ľλ˼Ȼ壬ôĳطħǣλõһ¶
˱һҵķâ֮УȴɫȻʧɱ˾쾳硭
һֶ¿˿ΪƮݳȣԼüȻ緶ǳĪ
۵ɻȴֲòܱпʵӿнƽʱǷͣ΢գ̾һʵΡ
һ˵㽫źնɱǵõϹδѰ;ɱġ֪ǧҲӴ˽٣ȴһгϡһתʵҪʲôµĸȥ˺δ˭㣬һһʵ
ɫһ߳Ϊ³ʵ𣿵Եóѡ
һˮŲæ˵ĳҲħĵĴס
ɱҡ
һ赭дɳôʹҲôʹĳ֪кβͬ
ȻֻأͬǶڵĸˣҲ޷ѵ
һǵ˵ͷ̧ǰץȥ
۹Щãңٲ֮ǰǿӲ̾ˣ˵кη
һ֣ͣעֹķ顣꣬һ˦ĬȻ
Ǹѿ͸ˣǵļ͸ǳѰΪγģҲЩ˵Ȼ̫ãһļսʱĹȴ˵˲ᣡ
ҵعħֻ֮뽫ҰħؾΪУȴı뼸λ׵ͷҪԶ߾ѰٻԵ㲻ܲƺźɱڡ˭ϻ©˷ԶǧĶ֪Ĵڡ
һһ˵ʵΪƺ֮٣ΪҪɱڣ
ҵԶ߾죬֮׵ħǱؽΪ˵֮֮ǰΪ֦ɱڱСһǧĵĶλΨǿԶԸж֡
黺һ˵ħǣΨвǧġҵȽ֮һ¡˺󣬳ʤǰǧģ
һһƲסɫԳ
ΪУõıȫ֮ǳеĶ֡ɻˣħ޵ľŴˣĳȻٽֺ֮γˡȻ򷨹һΪβܺദƫƫҪһ
̾һ˵;УҶͻȻ͵Ϯ˲֪ӺδȻǰ⧲֮£شǶʦֵȴѣʹ˴ŭ׷ϡ֧ţֻ÷ħˡ
ǧһ٣ȻȫҶԵʣ
һҡͷ漴뵽˶Ұ̨ʵҶδ
ӦǶֻҪõǷžȻסȥ޴֪
һǰ鶯򣬻Ѱž
Ȼ㡭˶϶ĪǼ
һΪȻ²ѣĳȴҶ϶û뿪ģǡ˴ȻֹǷһĨ׽Ц⡭


1438 
⣬һͷ
еľ޴ӰȻ¶ء͹֮£΢ǸӵĿտž
תӸ߸ųĿ
µѽħ֮ͨųǣʩ԰ԭеħԻ֮⣬쳣ʱ֮ħȻعпɼͷεӰֵüū
ĳ꣬һԼĳǣ
ÿ˶һǡļ䣬ƶˣͣС
ǰԶ۳ǲκһˡפغɣֻ֤أ㡭
һ˼꣬¼ӿ죬Ʈֱ΢ȥ
΢֮£ǡ
ߵһ·֮ϣа¥̨߸
¥̨Լʮɣʯϡ䶥˵İ¥Ϊɱ£ͥǰʯƺΪǽơݴƾԶķã欣Ũ˵һɾڣ
ʱһŮӵӰͥǰϥʤѩڷ٣˫ˮɫȻ
ħ֮ǧʿһ׷ϱδ飬ͷūڿԺúùͳеķ羰ֵֻֻƳ⣬ʣūһ˶Ĵй䡣Ѱ˴ʱ
⾫¥̨ɲΪҶħľȴûʵЩϧˣʦڴ˾ޣ磬Ǹһɾң
ū˼ǳЦȻ
ԴӰʦ֮һֱĴϡڰ
ڴʱһӰԶƮȻ
ūУӭʦ
һ뿪΢ǣūӰ㾶Ѱת˲֮ΣЦ˴羰ѡ
ūͷæ˼Ĵ˵һ顣
һ¥̨˼Ŀ˵ǻһħҶһˡ
΢£ڵǣࡣҶħɲֱλСλħĶо֮
ūһԣû˵ʦ˼ľԶʤ£ʵ˱չ֮ڣ硭硭ţȻﲻɾ䡣
һ¥̨һ࣬ĿԶ棬Ȼ뻳Ŀ΢΢ͷЦ˼ɽ˼ˮūϲã°ɡ
ūδ룬˷ܣСס΢΢ȻҪӦǰ̧ۿȥ
֮ͬʱԶİðʮӰδٽ˵𣬾ųǳδѡ
һû뵽ԼŽ뿪ڴˣǧĵԼλ֡ԣħǳȴ²ؽﻮһ
֮¥̨ʮͣ¡е˵Ǻǣ𣬲ħ˵
ɲȻľȴԱƣһµĺõط
һ˿ڵ¥̨ԼԵū漴ͷӦʣٷ˷ǵķ
ūһ¥̨֮ϣɫĬĬ
ǧ֮⣬̨ʡ
¥֮УʮϯضеһܵΣ˵ͷ
˴Ķħɲľħֹӻأ¥󡢾һӦȫڿãʵΪۡ
Ǻǣħ˾ų֮ҡɲ˲ԶūʦѵҲ㡭
ȺУɫнûЦȻ֪뼸λ׵ȥ򣬻ʾ£ҵ¡ĸλЩ͸ĵϸֻøŵͷ͡죬֮صǰй֮ʿһ俪ףʱ˵ķͷȴһת˵˶ųǣλѾӹΰ²שӳϸ߼
˻˵ռñˣùɣʣν棡
ֻóֻԪӵ˻˸ɫתһ˵Ƴ֮ʱħ޵ĸӳ⡣ʶҵ֮еֿگųǶķͨ˻ģħ̡
һħǵһȴȡӵԪӡӡӡԪҲʱǰհ顣ӡӡԪӵǵʵ
ʱ֮¥н
ӳƬ̣Ԫӵʾ£Ÿп˵ҵȾȻӵǧġħǣ󡣲תҶŻңرؽԼ˰ͷĵǣʵָΣ𶨶ᡭ
λΪȻԵͷ顣
ȻħǣƷͷǿڣû˸ҵġ֮νʢ˥Ｋط
һоʼûг
֮룬Լ룻֮ǣԼǡҲ֮ʣԼȴҪóšǵѴҲ޴ȴĵ
һ˿˵س꣬
ڳλ
в⣬ʵĵسǣߡ飬ֵΡ
һǣЦЦ뿪سɣ˵ĺ¡
ǰЩ֣ꡢǣʶԸ߳ԼһʱȴһҶĿɳв֪еع
һ˻ĪԵӣɴʵ˵ȥ˺δֻҪںģϤħǱռȻϰݡ֮ԹħǣѰսҪ֪Ǽλħ޵ĸˣѳΪҵĸԴԲް֮ա
ӵ˵ͷȻұƽַ£סʵ֮⣬Ѳںģ
һӦǱ֮ڣ֮ǳٳٲ飬ȻԶģҪôбʣʱټƽϲ١
ֵҪҶָΣҵӵǣҲ⴦ǣĪѰս
ڳ˸Ÿͣһ˼״
һЩķ˫üǳ˵ǿûлͷǰհ˶壡ҶбԸλҲˡɢ˰ɣԼ˻Ҫ˵һ˦վɵ˵ǧ򣬲縶СΪսձչء⣬ţ
ڳλֲ磬ֻһָǣ
ת֮䣬¥ڿտյһ΢紵
һأԱֶҷƬ֮ƷסħʩʩȻϥüʶĳǵħ޾Ŵ˵Ϊףη˵


1439 ĳ
ƹްн硣
һλϸίڵأԴ׶ĬĬ
ⷽأǱĽ䣬ųΨһ㡣Ī磬ķıݣʹãȻоھпֻţֻȻȥҲǹ¶ɡ
̻ǵãڵؾ֮Уħ޵ľλ׽Ʋأȴ໥ƾж磻֮ľڣͬͨƵ޻֮
ŵö̧ͷ
ȥҲ֪֮˭Ψ쾳磬Ǭֶء벻֮УֳôһλȼʵǴ˼ˣƿܡ
ĳλ׵ߡǰû˴ΪСֻϧλٺ֮ȴأ֪жɱ޹ΪΪ
ʮ֮УֳһӰ˫֣ŲӣֵĳɾΪԾھ֮Уľ˻ģһУʰ֮ǰ֪֪ˡ
ⷬǳ׶ֻһ˼ҿԾˣҲɱˣڴ֮ǰɱ˱뽻ϵ׶Էһ
ǵٽӰһĨ⣬ɵ㡭Ϊβɱҡ
һ°ھ͵ض΢̣תããأʵ˾кηֱ𣿡
Ȼ
˾̸ֱ𣬼ֱֻû뵽˾Ȼ˵ĺֱ˻ڲʱѳɣβв㱻ûӰǰȥ׷ϣҲֻ֮ܲɼͽκΣ
һɫ̶̻ڲֵĳؽ磬ձؽĹۡĿô˼ֱ仯Ҳǡ
ڰοҪ֤Ĳҫ
ڳֻԹɫ̫ء
οҫ
һ룬˵ĳҫֻвĳԵĽ
ߣ
鲻мغǬǳؼĵһˣ
һţԺ󻹻еڶˡˡ
ͷ֣̬ӣŵģҪ֣ϤԼյ֮󣬶ʱŭȻҪڴˣ
һʼͷĬϡ
΢΢۹룬ʧƬָ̣̬ȴͷήҲ񣬷˯ˣڵȴĽ٣
һٳ߱ƣóϽ«˾ơ
ƣɽ׸ģơҪǰϸ˻תȥֻƬջ
һʱ󣬷̧ͷ
ϵ͸Եɪʵ֪µʲôӦԴϲ֣˵ĺ¹¶ǺǡȻЦֵڴ˻վãʴӡȴڶ֪Կֻżǰ㣬󡭡
һЩ⣬ȴǵ˵ͷ
ɣ粻վãįȴҵĻ㱣ʧǿ֮У͵Ĺ¶ʵãȻ޴룡
ħԶ߾֮ǰԵۿɻʵľת֮֮ʸת֮֮ʱҵȵʱԣʹֽ̡ȴδ˵ֻһ⣬ҶΪƫִôڡ
һ£ɵϸ
ħνġһѲ˾תֻصı׶ˡֻ޴Ӹģû·ôҶ޷;ʵ˿ģȴҲħǻҵĻ
Խתޡ㽫ܱ֮䡣Ϥ֮󣬱ȡҵȲʣ˭Ȼдؾ԰㡣һУ֪
黺һ˵ҵͨΪɷޡɾʩչ쾳ĸ˿⣡ľУҶһ˴ɫ΢΢Եãֵҵʩչɷޡһַоת졣ǿ֮ɼһߣ
һͷһʵȱʧǡɷޡǷ٣
ɫһ΢΢һ
һȴǰңǷһĨЦ⡣
֪նԸʱǻϡ
ǲ³һ˼ΪûĶ֣
һ̹ȻĳϲԹѵڣǺǣЦδ䣬ԭʧȥӰ
΢΢һٴεͷĬȻ
ħȣ̨¥
֮£¥ܶһ㵭Ĺâ
ؼȻ
ʱһȴӾл˫ۣأǺЦ
ԼķĶԻе֪ħ޵ľλҶԹ̫˫عںáǡɷޡȫھ֮ǿ󵽲սʤĵز
⣬ȥȻաһз֮ǰи
һ˫ֽӡٴ붨
Ľ֮ڣԶһƬ֮УʮõӰԷͣ
ħ£
ԶǸʵ¥̨ڽ֮УԿ벽ݼλת棬Ҫչ꣬κ˶Դţȵȡ
ͷԴŴ죬ѽϴˣǧġħ𣬻ڷΪİ㣬ߺߡתһԵūԹֵܲйһͷˡָ£㵹仰Ըһ
ŰӲ˵в÷ȻΪˣʶ㣬ĺĶδ»벻ϴһšԴ¶֮ǧĵʿҲû˭ҹֵľٶħкֱײҲͬǳͨ衣ֻһͻȻչأʵ˴ֲ
ūŸʵ¥̨ɫ͸һ˿ί
ʦǰŲߣűϤħչءԼǽãٿħмȥʦ˵𣬴˼ɽ˼ˮ
ūԵλڻ۵ۣݸǧĹħǣδħǵĸڶڣҶʦΨǰ˱չҲǵѣ˾ңֺԹԣ
ΪȻͷ
ͷգۣȻһģֵū˷ֽ⣬Ϊ֮Ȼɧȥипл벻Ů˵ϸģūйܼӵı£
ūС΢΢Ȼɫлŭ
ͷ£ɣߣµϴæűսֵҲ˵磬̳Ρ
˹ҡηת֮Զˡ
ūأפԭأһ˫Ȼˮ
һʦͽټֵֺγһˣūΨһŮ䲻һء


1440 ɥħ֮
ʮɽȼ䣬Ⱥۣʿڶ࣬һ򡣴˴˵ħʹȡ
վħʹɽµһ䶴ǰɫЩΡ
ǰĶشƫƧΪªСɣȴŻգҶѻأȻѻá
һ·Ѱ෽иӵŮӾסڴˡٶǰ뿪˵ȥħĵɥħ֮ء
ö룬ѾͷԼĵӣΪ˼ɵֻ뷽跨õʯȡʯΨһ;ħȡޡɥħ֮أħأǶֶҪ˱ᣬһΪŮӣĪⲢȫأ
ɣҪȥѰѰǿѾͷ
ڶǰǻƬ̣˾ϣ漴óһͼ鿴
ħĵͼе֪ɥħ֮Զ֮⣬ɽ˼ϾΨС
ڴʱӴ
һڵǰһɾڵĸ֡ǰħʹȵˣֹˣɫӦǳէʿ
ʿԽţߵǰ̧˵ڰ꣬ʮʯ
ɾʿǳŻʾ⣬תɻǰⶴȻˣŻڣΪ֮ء
ʿһץ顱һѶŴ󿪡һ˦ΪȻ˴ٶ꣬ˣҽʯľס
ƨ
֪λӵ⣬һֱĬȻԹۡת֮˹ʱƿڴ
ʿûŷϣɫһ׺ȵӣ񡭡
ɾʿ죬Ȼ˺󼸲䡣
ŭ֮ȫǰ߳˴ǰҵӵĶļң˭Ⱦָ֣Īƴ
ʿ΢΢㵣漴Ц
Ӱ׷ԲԣƣͣӣȻвǰڳɫƴƣǲ֪ν
㾹Ի·ϣĪǻˣɱ練ƣħʹȵĴԪӳҲȨʡ
ŲǶʿ˵̧꣬ݹ᾵ָԷͦ׷еƣ۵ĺ⣬ǿռΪܣǿʩ־ɱħ֮ҹ
ʿɱĲ漴΢΢һ
ԼħʹȻ켣ѾãΪȴδϸˡ˵޿֣ѰĪħǣϵħ޵ľŴˣ
ŵƲˣԹ˶ŭ˵أȻ֮ӡ
Ƭ̣ߵĶһǿʶԶĴ붴֮䣬ðһӰ
ΣɾʿΨǻæ˹תߡ
ʿ뷢ȴˤ䣬׷ϵλСߣʮ⻹һȥ֮ʣӣ
ǰֻʣ˻һˣأǣһͷںͣȴ裬һڣضƴʯ٣ħʹȵĵѶţ˭¡
ԶΧ۵ӰʧӼħʹȶһΪ֪׺ᣬϵħǵǸǲ
ã߶ãˡûţȥ˵ϵҶֲ½·ס˶ﲢ޲֮תշԶ
ӣҪš
ɥħ֮ء
˼壬ħҲ԰ĵطȴϢԴϹŵĸޣɶΪʳɽʯΪѨ֮棬޲ι״׺ǳ컯޻Ǳǻȡʯǲɶ֮⣬Ұɽ仹кϹҩ
Ǻħĵʿ㽫ɥħ֮صԳѰԵɱȡջ
ֻĪ⣬㸹أȴһŮӹ롭
һƬֻƵɽȼ䣬޶š
ġɳͷԣβ⣬֫׳ұۼףԵ쳣׺ǿ׳ֻ˫ѪĿȴһʱѰǿڡ
ʮ⣬վһֳַɽŮӡһ£С磬üĿ续òףֻ޷ҶؿΨнŵǴһ˿Ц⣬Խͷ޶и
໡
ҡͷ֮в͵غһ˲ڿնֱŮӵķȥ
ŮӲ㲻̧һָ
˸ѪˮŽͷ޾ƶǣȴ֫费ɳʯƺˣ
ŮһЦƮȻܡ
Ϣ֮䣬޺Ȼ׹ء
Ůӷأ˳ƴ߶ɽʱѽ޴ж˿顣ȡƤ޹ǡ޳֮󣬻һУȭͷ޵֡ص˵ͷתڲԶɽϣδվȱίڵأסſһѪ
ͷ޽ʲôʲôֻ֪Ϊǿ֣սղŽһʤʵס޵Ϊȴֲֵһᡣɥħ֮أǹĪ⣡
Ů޵Ƭ̣΢΢£̧һ˫ȻĹˡ
ɽж־ǧ֮֮⣬֮Сż˻ӸңԶ֮⴫˲ɵëȻ
Ůӻֲ¼ƷܣԶ۹ٴе޵֮ϡ꣬޵һУ漴˫תڶʱӿϣΪο֮࣬һĶá
뵱ʧɢ֮һħʹȡʮأȻǱھ˵ȴӴ˰ĿޡȱʯѰ跨
;˷ٿյҲ˼Ȥζѵ
ǵóħģԼֻɵΪٶȥѲִ֪ɾľ硣ҪǰΪڶ޵йءΪڿ׷ǸСˣտطѰ鷳
ŮӾƣɫ͸Ц⡣
ʱڵɽͻȻζ¡
ŮȻ˫ۣǴ͡
ԭƽ̹ɽͻȻݣ漴ֻ״ľľޱȻϮö룬ǲڵµޣȻȻѡ
ŮйڼӦ䲻Ͼֻǿд𡣶ŽɣֻдâľޱѴǰϮæ֮Σңּ̧ĵ⣬߶巨̶ȫա
䡢䡭
ĵֱײֻޱۣ漴ξޱͣ˲˽Ȼ£ǡ顢顱죬巨ŮӳԽסҺȴڼ䲻ݻ֮˲ڿɣüΡ
ɽ϶һʮɵĶѨ׵Ĺ͵ϮɣڻӶֻצ
ŮδҴһƳԶδԽһɽ壬бб׹䣬ͨһˤɽ֮ϣʱѪʹȴִžǿҧֶһ١ˡ
űǼЦڣȥ
֮ͬʱֻ


1441 ߶
ǼֻɴС˫צǽȺʳľ޵һХ£ֱɽϵĽӰȥ
ŮвӦ䣬Ա˫ۣظسһ㱾ţĲϼ£иС̳һĻЦ
ǡڴʱһӵӰɽĵð˳ץŮӣӶ𡣾޵˲ϢʱɽʯŽӵȥƸ죬תۼŮӰΧ˿յĹϰݣ˻׷ǷɶеӰʧ١
Ƭ֮һѨжӰе˳ƶץŮӣԹˡͨڵϣΪҵشŴ´
ĶѨͱڵǧۣ֮ΪȻγɣʮɳɶߣΪֻƤëǱأɢŨҵѪȣ޵ĳѨڡ

Ůӵ֮ʣסһȣ˽ᣬټûѪɫľݣֳ˵ģ
۹һƳæһѣЦǺǣ񡭡ֻ壬ҷˣ˹ȥΪλƲѽҲ鿴һ
Ůй֮ȻϮʹͣڣ˳֮ǰ޵ķٴѭอ֮䣬ʹ᧿ΣζȻת˿ѣŷһӱԼɫһ죬ȻѵǺˡ
⧲֮£ƿһæˣЦ˳ӷ壬ħʿþɥħ֮ĳϿȣʲżѣ
Ůӡ顱һˤʯϣȴݽ۶ɫ䱸
ԳƳӷӣʮͷͣ¶룬ٿʣ˫Ŀһλɾڵĸ֡˵Ц֮ʣֹȻ̬ºͣΪ˼ֺøУ
ŮбڶüƬ̣ǸȻǵѾ˳ӣ
ӷ۹ȻŶԭǳӵѣһŮӣˣɼΡ
ӵΣѲҲǹһˡ
ӷֵ뼸λѽ;ʧɢ˶ѣ
ĶʣĬĬڵĶѨڵ޵йؽ뾲ɡⲻϲ⡣˾Ѱ
ӷɫ̻̣ЦŰο԰꣡ǼͷϹտʿѶԸ
ӿߵĳӷ壬סŶһƶ¡
ӷ岻ΪȻڴ˴Ƭ̣ٽͬУԱ˴иӦ
ٴ꣬ӷɫ̹ȻǳǳĺһЦȴȻСĽģ÷
ӷʵǷɥħ֮أɳĳ·㰲Σݣ
ӳ£˴ٶꡭ
ӷ΢΢Ȼһ޵С˳ӵѣشջķᡭ
ٶ䣬ıԵزشؽٺջ񣬻ǽһѾջ˹¶ʧ䣬ջ˼į壿ջ˾ȻջҴĸлÿ޴ӰѵĶˣħȥֻغһְžԶɥħ֮أ˽⡭
ӳ£ƣر˫ۡ
ӷ弫Ϊƽ⣬ٱʣȰ˵֮Ѿδ´̷֮޵֮ʶϾϢ˳̷ҩһǡ̯ģּĵ裬ʾĵҩЧѲһ
ӻۣмһЦܵˣеҩáԷȴָֻ̧¶һɵĽӣóһƿ
顢顪
ڴʱצߵʯڵĶӶڴ漴һۼ׵ͷ­֣ſһѨʱȷХ֮Żսľ
ӿڣ׵塣ͻɲǣвܣһȫҲá֮ͬʱץĿʧɫš°͡סҺһ
ֻӷ彫Ǭ۶ϵָһȥתѨЦǺǣҾһǷǡ
ŭУ޳СˣﲻŹ㡭
ӷȻߣ˾ӣȻһδ䣬Ѵڶȥ
䡪
ŭӣ޵ͷ­Ѻݺײܸ֫мܣ͵ˤ˳ȥ顱һʯ֡ͨ¡Ǳڵأָ̧֡ȱһɭɭ͸Ѫָܵ俴ȥͷ޴׳ǰ̽붴ѨѪȴںݺ
ҳͷȴС˶ȥһָɥʧУǱӦ
ƴʩչΪԾȣ֮¶Զֻؿʯϡ۹ܵëƤ֮ϣסЦҶᡢ𣬵ͷǳΪǱɣͬ³
֮ɲǣȷ棬һѪɲűǡ䡪һ졣
ʹĻ¼ӿֳˮ˲ʧĹ̶̲һҴһף޺֮ۡУȻϼ죬ϤҲϵĻдӣ֪㻹ţ
ʦĪʦͽᡭ
һҵĶͷķѵĹѱ׳˶Ѩ漴һ͵Ӱ˽æӲҴ˫֡
Ȼת˫ۡŽߵĲգԼƲסϲã֮ˣ͵˹ȥʧޣ
ϸˣǻšɥħ֮շת£ʼһ񣬽ǡ;˴޷񣬲оͱڶѨаֵĳɣΣͷڽӵĳӣ˭һĳƺڻʹʱֲæӦšΪʦˣĪҪš
ȴܲˣڻŵĻУ޲ֹʦǳӵס
ӲǾʧ룬ǷԷθ˵ʦͽĸŮеĳƺȴĵͷһأ
һ§˳ӣסɽͷšš
ѵʦͽٴطꡣ
֮
ӵתҲָģ۶ϵָѱԭдȬϥɨɾĶѨУŻšԷһѹᣬһһ˿ҵ㷢
ɥħ֮ʦͽط꣬п˵ԳĸŮ顣
˵СҲ˺ģΪħ֮ǧ𣿡
ɫ񾲣滺Ŷڵ˫УȴĪȻ
ڶ࣬λɭĮȻӰʦƵĻūӦ˼ĸ״
żųӵ㷢ƵϾЦݡ˭ײŮͷأһ֣֮ӣ
ɱ˻ĵľˣλħ𣬻˶ڵĸˡ
ţˣ˵쾳磡
ӵõʦӦ̴ڰŶĳΪԼΪȼ磬˭Ȼ˵죡Сӣһܵ⡢Ŷ
Ž˵ڴЪϢǰǧġ
Īʣȴ΢΢Ȼҡ꣬תҷħʹȡ
ӵͣɫѯʡ
ȴֱתȥҧǣؿ£˵СǵóӣǰѰֻҪħʹȣӱؽ߶ġû˵꣬˫պߣΨ͸һ˿ִΣ
Լǻӵʱ򣬱СйԼҪһͬЯ߶ġ֪СӵˡӼȻ뿪ٴȥ


1442 ֪㳣
ǧģȪȡ
ɽȾɫȻȪ峺ɡֻȪˮ֮ͭƹ⸡֡
ȪˮԱߣ˾ɫꡣþ֮ųõƹ⽥ɢͭСأԿȪˮ΢΢ҡҡͷ
˴֮£ʩͭӰ֮Уѱߡ
һԵתɣƫƫѾͷ壬ĶԹֻأֺοգ
ˣ
һߴԶδٽңңֳ⡣
ɶ˵
˵ӦһԳűӿȪˮ
ɶΣδ£ǰ˵һħ֮󣬼ձչءδڳУջоսΣһѳ벢ƽɣ
С
ɶ˵ȥΪҶ֮ʡݴϹϵž
ȻֲΪȻʹ飬Σǰ죬ؾ鶯һͷվȻ
ɶ֮ž͵£ǺЦǷǷӣʵв֪žкΣ˴ͽ̣
ƿ۹⣬תɶԷӣæͷܡȴƿ͸һУ̾ӦľʯģΪˮȤ֪лΪ
˼˵޵ҪľʯͷһۣΪ˴£жˮȤӽ̰ţ׹ΣΨߣ֪֮ΪΨƽߣʼ֮֮Ϊ
˵˾һ仰ɶĪҪû£
л˽̻塭
ɶɫΣ˵ֹֻһΣǡʱһʣǺǡȻ𱰶ԽȴȪȵˣѰ˵ʱҲ⡣
ѽҲ֪գȴң벻ԾԹһ䣬ֵʧأӪһ˵úã֪㳣֣ɾ棡
ɶ׳ǣȴʵѰžȪָӦԣ˶꣬Ȼ֪ԷӪִŵһġ
΢΢һЦĵĸ־ǰ죬֮ãֺӦԡ
ɶָ˼ȻһЦ۹˵ϣʣˣĺơΣ
˲δֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ɶǽںηܲȥ˾ɡ
˳Ƭ̣˵ؾأ֣ǻǧνܻǲܣûֱӦ𣬶ﻰȴֵζ
֮صĪ⣻֮СͬǰǬһǻܻǧ磬仯пܣ
ɶʣˣһϰݣȻҪǰ죬ֲ֪ܷǽꣿ
ͭһƮ䣬֡ԼӣתԶȻǷжԵǳԵ˵
ɶź룬ȻڣӦ顣Ȼ޴ϼ
ɫ΢
㵽ֹ⣬
ɶ֪ʧԣæ˵˵
ħǣħ
ħ¥֮Уһ˫Ŀ΢ضɡĽ֮Уȴһ龰
˫ĿգأԾһƬ֮УȴٷŭɥǳܵĪ֮ʣעⷽصı仯
ǸһȻͣȴǸǸϵȻҪԸԺĵҰģȻˣֻ
Ҫߵһ
һ磬ʮɵķԲѣΪֶĪ⡣ڴ֮⣬ǽȫòѴǧɡǧɣǧɡǻ֮УȻӲʯƽԶ죬Ǵسʼǵõϰ˷¶ߣ
һδ飬Ҳû˼ΣԪ֮ϥһ˳üչ
һƬǧɷԲĿڣ֮⣬ʮõӰɢܣȻһӡꡣʱգħӡڰʽħӡھʽǬħӡǽ
ħӡķͬǰӶ
֪ħӡʮ־ħӡʮ־ħӡһ˵־ȸӡʮ־ӡһʮ־׻ӡһǧһٶʮ˵־ǰǧ־֮ǧʮ־ӡɣ
ӡһʶļӳ֮⣬Ҫ֮ǧһʮ־Һ޲ʩչǿһ֮ѣɣҪӡһӡһѺѶ
һӡһоǧʮĵ־־ףҪǰᴩӣֻԶΪ֧Ī˵չֳͨ
ʱһı𣬻һ߾߷ֻܼǧ־Ϊ̡
顢顢顪
촫еһٴüͷ
֮⣬ֱԼ廯Ե־δ̷ֹ꼰ֱƬ֮󣬲ִһһֳҡβӰ
޻뱾Ϊ޼µķֻθΪҲûйͣʼյ־Ĳ򡣼ˣʱ޳ħӡ
Ҷͬ˶ڡҪֽ˴սһš浽ʱ𡢹ʽͨûôΨнħӡңսʤȺħ޵Χ
һҡҡͷȻ޼ƿʩ
һζѰԾǷڼУ
潻Ѳɱ⣬һܣеĸӰյ³֪ǿȡħǣƵԼﻢ£򲻴޳ħӡ־Ƕ֪֮޽ݾѰء
һ̧ۿܣԸаο
ôһֱԪħӡδɣȴѽʽ־ȻءǬħӡ־Ȼﵽһǧʮ˵֮࣬ͷۡ
һΣɫһգ֮䣬Ѵԭʧһ̣ħ¥֮Уе˫ֽۣܵĽƣõչ֮ʣţ
û˽¥жʱӿ
Զ֮ⲢӰֻлӽдʮǿţѱϴס˴£δ䣬¥ʯݴðһλüˣ
߼ǰǷȺ˾Ϊ£ʱͻȻתδ±ΰӵȼλϾȻţвס졭
һȻ˼
Žվֱֵͷȥ۹͵ƳǸȻչز࣬ȶšˡçײ֮
һһ˦̧ų¥ͷҲصܺá
һæ׷˹ȥֵ»һ


1443 
ǿϮħŽա
һᴩųǣͨ衣Ƭ̣˳⡣
Զİ֮УȺڸնš
ΧİٶˣӵΪ׵ǧĸ֡ʮλħʿ۱˴ˣԷɱڡ˽µĺӹȼ䣬ʬкǽ塣ö룬˫Ȼһս
һǧֹ֮סΣ۹ܡ
˴ūҲѰ뻢ͷȴЩ֣һϲ֣ΪûӰ
ʼոһ󣬺ԷæԽǰɣȵڴˣλǰ񣡡
Ƕŵ˫Ѳһĵֻɱɭ϶һʱϾˡǧһļλϷԸĵϼӽ䱸Ҫӭ˭ȴȳʱڳʧ֮ӡ
ָʹȴǻһתֵ𣡴ǰλϵļʱӦԣʹħǿȻ
λԽڶԶе죬ԷĻȴΪǱɫͶ⡣
е˻δǰԶԶչ࣬Եǰأ
ԪӸ͵ȣҵȲš
뵥ӷ˵ħͼǣѱҵס
ԪǸȻĪҵţΣ
û㵽һԣȫȻһ²ؼģ
ת֮䣬λǰҷֿ
һͷʾ⣬ӦϵħǰΣ֮·ͻȻλӦԵõһ仰ڳˣȴ˵°һ̧Թ˴ǧΣطԸӳϣҽǰԭί䲻ŭɣ緶š
ӽסֹ˹֣һ˸ɫһʵ˵𡭡
е֪ʮ˾Ϊ׷ǰĵĶֻ֣;б͵طأȴħǱ֮ǿšΪ߲ڣǧʿĶ֣漴һս˲أΧӳҪһ򾡣ֿնɱԷ翹֮ʣһˡ
˵˴ֵȺʿҶצΪ¡β֮ؽŻϳͣԾ󻼣䣬λϵͷ͡
Ԫȴ΢΢ҡͷĬȻβߣȻ˲ݡǿߣ쾭塣ֻ;ף޷ǹҶѣ
һԶջ۹⣬ӹҵˡȴûж˵ֱǰڶȺİͣ£˵Ϊӵȴ˵ʩƴǲܡ˻ĶѰطħǣֻΪ¼ơ
뼸λǲΪȻˣкλ˵
ڼβ;ֻ֪Ķ򣬲ʹǰǣ㽫һ桭
Ԫ˴˴۹һҡͷħǣѶϣԷδ䣬Ⱥ˳ҵȲŲ˭ǳ޹Ȼʧ֮¶ңټλָնɱ˭Ҳ
˵λߣڵΪܵͬ£Ƿ糾ұĪģֵֻҪϷҵһ·֪޲ԡ
ŭּ֮߳ۻۡųڣɵֱ͡
һͷһƳת𷨱
ԴǧʿɫɣȴһȥϹȻ߸ϣǧħ֮ȴֻһ
һ˵仰컹
ַ룬ɫЩÿԪλĬȻΨһԣЦ
ȺħʿΪڽӣû뵽·вʾѱ֮ǰȵԪӣлĿȣһڣ˸ŷ׷׸͡æֵҵ鶯򡭡
һ˫֣˼
Ԫ˵ħʿǰǧĵ;ϮʹܴΪ˴ŭ漴ΧҶǾֶԾһ˼ҪõϹ˫׷£ٽ鶯򡣶鶯Ī֮أԿ˲ܣתλףʮλԲĸ֣ԼǶʦֵȴ롣Σֻ½׷Ҫճ־öݡ
Ԫӵ֮󣬱Ҫתȥ
Ͳסȵ
һԣǵ˷ݣֽҵںεأҪ֪ħδسǲס˵ȺʿȥΪ֮ʣסԹ
һһƲЦЦ˵ħأҶħѰʱ˹˳޷˰ˡɱֹɱȴǱԸ
Ԫͬɫ㷣ֻ۹ⶢһһһ
˻٣뼸λڣֽΣʵ޴ԤϡȻˣԶԶ㿪ħǷ֮زźã
һ׳˿á꣬ȺҴħʿ˰֣˵գ˳ȻΨǿ󣬷ɲ
Ԫӵʮλħ޳ûȺ϶ɢȥתۼԶ
ˤ䣬Զԡ
λվ쳤Ī˵ܱȲڳλϣ˵Щװģ˭Ϊǿأʵʴӣ
һԼ˵鿴ǷһĨεĿЦ
ϲ˹Ķǣȴÿִ˲ƣˣһսΪȥ
һоϣ˫üһ˵˶ħǣս֮ķ֮λڴ˾ҵҵǳ֮ƣʶһ٣ȻֵҪȥѰҶ䣬˶ϡΣδ֪ɫһ䣬дŲɵֵӼԪӡӡӻתǧģԪӡפħǡΪУͬ£뾭λϹ飬˶ᣡ
ⷬĿǽ£ʱڳЩֲ
һ΢̣˵˭𣬶˽תգ֮ʱԴֿݴȣԴȴ˵Ͽк⣬ֻԼ˵
Ԫӵ˲磬ֻõͷӦŵ
֣һĳ־λʶˣԼλڳϹִͬħǡǰĹûа׷ѣǺǡ
һͻȻǧħ׸ˣȴٶ˵ǳԪͶȥһƳ漴̤ջֽס
Ǹʵľ޳ǾǰȴԶ
ڴʱһӰŶ


1444 ǿ
ˣǸĪ⡣ߣǰ©£ֻҽǣźۼƾ죬޴Ӵȣ
һһʿΪħ֮ĪΪǧ𣬺ڹħǣٴδǶȥʵӵʴӣȴֲòĬȻ˳
˭أ˭أ˭á
֮ܶһ仰ǿߣôԣ
ǧĲԪӵĸڣȴפħǣΪ˱˽󣻶ȨִħǣһƺԼ
⣬ԪԽִ뵥ӹϽǧģӦòʲôӡ˵ˣڰƶб޻
һգһɱĸ룬޷Ҫӵ˺Ϊ֮лڲһաҪѲķѰ񣬲Ϊ˰˻ĵİյ˶ϣԶȥ֮ʣū׷ȥ
ħǵǧ֮⣬һƬɽȵİ֮С
һ˫Ȼףҷ磬ŨüбǴЦ
ʦҪȥη
ūҴҶɫС
һתȥһߣĴһ
ūһǰίҪȥԶµͷħж֪׷⣬Ȼʦľٶһ
һʵɲɽˮ֣֮Եβľޣ
ūһ֡
һͷһοΪʦ㰲ȼա˭ϻųڣūȻ˦Σҳ˵С͸ľǿ˵ûʦӵлɽˮ֮ûֵܣ뻢ͷܳ𣿡óһö飬漴˫۰ڳļƣȻȻֵʦҪµӣܡ
Ǹ˳ūˣȡ֮һλСŮӣڳŸֳˣᣬдżַݣ͸˲ܾ̾ί
һŽԼĵӣס΢΢Ȼ
ūǳǰһץסٲɿȴһͷȥֻеĽڴٵ㷢֮С·ǧ˿ǧֵ黳
һɫһεΪʦҪȥǧһˣ֮Ҫǰ鶯ѰֽΣΪʦҲûװ
ߣ֪ԲԣȻˡ
ū̧һֻæ㵽һ󣬻Ҽᶨƾɽ𺣣ūһǰ
һ˵ֹ
ѾͷȻвΪ֪һ棬Լʦ˵ֵңǵͷۡ
ǡڴʱԶİдĶ˺˵ϴԶ֪ܲӦһء֮˸͵޷ģūţжֵ֮
֮˲䣬׳˶Ӱƿն
еĻͷҫϴֵܡؾĽΣ۹
Ƿ˵ڳ£ȥҰɽǲ֪ҵȸη
һͻλֵܣסҡҡͷԷȴһһңʱļơ
ūԸóѣʱ֣˲ָյ˳Ψɫĵ⡣
һ۹ӹذڰ֣ȥǧġ

ɽϼɫ¡ǰɽС壬Լĵ㣬ϡɣ
ԵСԺդŴ󿪡ͥԺаڷŹ㣬Լ̳̳޹޵ӭʯͷӣӡΨƵ߲ȹæµǶǰ˯֮⣬ˣƷĺɫ֮С
ʱĵӰդԺСӺŮˣģΪᡣһ߻ۣѳһ߰£ˡŲⲻͬǰͷλ׳ȴ·ֱݺȥ
˵ˣ˯л㱡ﴺ̧ǵ˫۳λɳԵñпڱͶòϣȴɫЦݡ
Ѯӹǵǲ
Ǻǣ֮ľڼΪΪףɳ
һ̳ƣ»ٱ̾ɣζ
ҡƾƣɳ֪ĪҲó˵
ʮǰĳλֵ˴ʱģ
ڻ߶Իʱ׳Ѵݺð˳ӵλֵֹ˵ϴݺڵĲؾѱֵչУؿûзŹµľ͡
߿߽λ׳Բ죬־ź룬漴ʧϴپƽѵľٶ뵱λɳһޣΪӡδˣֱ£۹ĿڴλԭĻӺߣ̶ָԭȻۻ˵ǰϴǵɳ
ǺǣֵȣԼšūǧɾ󣬸ˣ
һӹĵӰٿȻʧǰʯȴһӣǷ֮
ȻϲҪͣ漴ַοԣתʰȥ
Ψˣ˵ıĪⰡ벻λɳȻ˵ᣬֻϧСɳδ飬ҲΪгɣһأܱ˴˽ύһȻл桭

壬£
Դһ뿪º֮סĶԭδ;˴Ҫ˳ͣһ
ľУһ˫ĬĬꡣʯϵĻڣеٷ硢鶯ǧִŲģ
ͷϯĽѲػӲŽ˴Ѱ׵Ҫȥˣ˵Ҹ·ȥȻȱơ
ūʯʰ£˽ʵʦҵǷҪԶġ
һ̬ɣγԣ
ҶδתΡ˵ѵõϹ򽫾ʹѰžδ֪Ҳ
ūѭһ۹⿴ȥֵǰʦλϣţȨ֮ƣǧ֮ʦûԶ֮⣬ūŲء
һüûӦ
ΪСŮҵı仯Ȼͻǻ֮ϣٱ䡣ʱԣȴǧһ
ūԹֵʦһǰȪһˡ
һڵ۹⿴ԣʵūǷ֪ΪʦĴʱ룿
ū΢΢׶ǣǽӵģһ˫ȴӯӯ²ӦʦūǽϵĻᡭ
һ˰벽۹бɫĪΪβ⣿
ūżһڣַת󣬼Ϊ̹ȻΪ޹Ӧڴ˵ءūʦò벻
һǷ̧߳˾ҡ
ūǱϵĻͶȥһƳظּΪҰس¡


1445 
İɽȪȡ
ɽϣһõĽٴطꡣūһʯϣֲ˽
ӣʦ˻ģۡ
ţȻ
һŮң㱼߶в㣬ηڴ˴ҽ顭
ūҲŽأΨ׷ʦŲصĹ
صĹ

ɽϪߵĲݵϣ׳һһ
ͷţƾˮָ߾ٵľ̳£һ˿©عŵ졣գ֮䣬һ̳Ӿûˡ˿̳ӣǱˮ͸˽ǣʱӣֵϡ˵磬۸ùӡԾͳԣȾͺȣܡţûжּ֣įѽ¸¡
ҲŸ̳ӣȴɺԳŲԶϪˮĬĬ
ͷ۹һб磬˼ˣˡ仰δ˵꣬æֹ̧סŭӵֽ˫ԺؼȽŲҡţŴŻȻ˵ȻҲǡԷѶ¾̳սȭʱסͷȴֻգţϾЦ⣡
һڲݵϣȻңԺݺݱ˫ۡЩʲôҲ֪
ͬͷǣݺƶ߳ķǺҵһгΪȥͷŷ³ɿգΡһֵ֮顭
֪һŮӵӰڼи֡ӣòѰ׳ҼΪˬΪԼϲģȻϧУԹ޻ڣȴ˼ź
Ů֮飬ԭҲǿ˵桭
磬ȣֵ̾簡ɶʱҲѰŮˤˤӣǹƨɵġѽ˵ġ֡
԰̾ϢȴԵԻﻵ˼Ƥ̧һ£ȭ˹ȥ
ͷзһɳȥġɡߡ顱һȭأǱߡͨһϪˮ벻⣬˴ˮأţһƨڲϣţΨпεĴƻˤӲŹ֮ˤ
һ濪ָӶţӲ㣬ɴֻƣȻֵҪˤһС׻ֵܸ˴ܶԼֻ֣ߺһ󻢡ģĻ·µĹ۵вt۹񫡭˵ֵʱĪһС۸㡭
Ͳסϵ㲻ںİϴԶС
ͷһӣµˮޣҡԴֵǿɲɣҪȥ֮ˤȥ𡭡
ߣˤ㡭
㶼£ɶ֡

Ȫߣ˶
۹꣬˼
һĬĬעűӿȪˮȴǲ
˻δȴʹֲܣ
ǧѶħ֣Ȼ˽ǣǧøԭ
뼸λڣҶʼղϰݡضԶӶ
ʴ֮ʣ鲻ͬ
һ΢̣Ź߳ġ׽Цݣ˵ʶĳǰС
˳Ƭ̣ɻʣ˻
һѭȥ̹ȻĳҪȥ鶯ѰˣеĶԹһ˶ϣ
Ŷˣ޴󻼡΢΢Ŷһ۹˸ʣһˣԷڵĸȴʮλԹѵڣȫʤ㣬ҷŴ˺ԣ
һĳһ˵󻰵ˣ֮νԱУбع
˻ŵģ̲סʵкΰգܷʵ֮
һЦ˶ϤģԤ֮Ӧöй¶ĵ
˵жһֻ롣ˮг꣬ڵ۹ⰵⲻѡ
֪Ӻʱ˾Ȼ׽ǧģ벻Եڣħǣ롣ȴûгûķȹУѰǿжԾȻ˼ɵĴɣҪʲô
˺ͷһ˷Ϊβѯ䣿
һ΢Ц˼ԳĿɬһƲʵʣ
˲ҪӦĬȻ
˵ҲǣΣйƶ䣬ԼҲ˵ȻˣϻֺαжʩڡҪ֪ҲǣѾͷ
ɻҡҡͷɽв֪ɽ޽ǵȻдŴżĪɫֵѲ²⵽Ѿͷȥ򣬲뿪ġȻˣֺαشء
ϡ
һҡҡͷٷ˵תֵǵĵ㲦֮飬Ǿľ֮ĳӦǰһΪ֮ΪӦ֮壡˵Ӫ֮ֺγǱ˵һǻԸ˴ͷȻһ̾
ָ˵ϣǷŻġһ仰ȴĳ˾ͷò²𣿼ȻӲںģȻײն׹죡
˼һαסʣںǸǰԶѵҪʹΪϹģΪѰ䣿Ҳ˵Ѱȥָ˭Ըδ䣬һķӦ᲻ΣѰӵϹйأιʲܶģǰȣ˻ǲĳ
ڶӣȴȻһ
ֱƬ֮˲ϧ̾ԶΪֻԸΥʹѰþžȻĪ⣡
һӻָ̡
˵˵ͷ˵طȪȵһ⣬ѯʾ飡ʵ޿ɷ桭Ҳû˵ٻȻֺαؿش˴Ӫ죿
̻ǵõ׻׻ûΪĪĻԵ̤ңң;³·һ˵ˣɡħ޺ߣȻ쾳磬ս;ϡϹ˴֮ʱȴ⽫޷ֿ޷ҪϾǣȵȡ
һ˵ʩʩȻҪˣ
˻Ѽ䣬ȴֹ
һ˹֣ˣػһ
û̧ʵıģӪ֮һıģΪ
һſڴȡȻ
ʣѳΪ˺̲㣬˱Ƿʧԣ
һȻĳ޴־ûΪߡĳֻ;еһˣעҪԡлһգΨ²ͣѣ
ʣѵɵغá
ʼռҴ߹һأӣ
һһ˦˫֣ԶǷţ˭˵ɲǲ㣿һɣºδң


1446 ң
Ȫȡ
ԣ£ӰһţĿһòͷߡ
ҰڳƬɽ㡣żɽⷽ׸ƮȻ
̤СȻ֮䣬صȹ׵޷ԼͰЦݣ˵ȻȻ
ˣ
ˣһ
ɶŮʱ죬ӭ
ûд𻰣ǻͣ½Ų
ǰĿյϣ磬̣ɷϲˣ
ǺǣǷеġ²ݡ㵭΢𣬼ȿʳã־ͨѪҩЧǲɶõıأ
ˣĪϹ˵ǾǷʳõġСӵ֣ⷢ漴
ǺǣҺйϹ˵Ҳ֮ãӦ֪ױǱֿɾ͡ڼʳҩü֮
⵹Ҳǣ׼ңֻʶеȤˣ
Զķ˵أԶǰġ²ݡֱ꣬ζľң׵ʮɵ꣬Ҳûʲô
֮⣬ŵϦӣɷͬΪӪ֮򳤶б𣬶֮У޾Ĳͬһ˵ɲ㣬һɣ
ɶŮһЦְһŵӲ˳롣
ûоתŮеĲͷʵ֯
Ů̧ʾ⡣гĲͷϣûаƣûǳֻ԰⡣
ɶʱ˵һȥ֮ʱҰ̳𡣿ΣҪԶеģ֪ҪѰԾҪԶȥ
˴鰲ݵķЦҲ֪
ɶЩ⣺ˡ֪
˵֪Сǵʣֻ;ҲǼءһܷԸ˭˵أֵɽȣ˵Ӧİ
ɶȻѱгŵҲȻ˺β
Ϊȵ˵˸־ֺαǿأ˴΢΢ЦЦɫĪһںģԵػ֮Ҫʹӱܣ򲻷һ統ۿȥ֮ʱҲ֮֮
ɶȻΣĻǺġ˵ݲ̫ΨЩ־Զȥ·̫ƽһ˵³ΣԤ֮С˲ǲ֪ǲ֪
ȴɶ˵ϵЪϢĲˣҲóһߡǧꡢ֮󣬻һһ֡

֮УĵӰһ
еһߵūֿ˿ǰ뻢ͷԷ۹ѯɫȻת̧Զʶ˲Ѵ֮⡣
ޱ޼ʵ֮£ǹ㣬а쵵İջתȥֻغ޼
ԶСͬİƣǰ˻ڡ֪ǧġġħġҰϡȪ֮⣬ΪңԶҲΪٽչƣǴδ鶯硣
ϤҶˣ׷鶯֪䡣Σһ޴ӵ֪
ȥעĪ⣡
ΪѰӣҪԸˣֻǻһĳڱУȻȥ޻أ¾һ
Ҫ֪δ˵ŵԣδʶأԼ̫̫δ֪ԲͣѰٵĽŲ
ʦūġ־Ϊ׫鶯Ƶĸô
һ˳ֽӹūת鿴
Դֻ֮ǧġħġҰͼйϡȪȴ¼ǵشңԶĪ鶯ˡū˼ܣʡȴ˲鷳
־鶯ƪ鶯Ƹأزͬ鶯죬ңתþΪĪ⣡УΪǷȱԶݶ԰ΣֱľԪ㻯һƲл꣬ȴȻ֪ȥ֪ԻججƮƮҵ³֪
־֮ƪ״سʼްУ˺ѵ𵴡в㽫ǡŻϹ·Ϊȴ׺ɥ⣬ɹѹأҪմԽ磬Ǳܲ޼ʵĺڰ뺮䡣ؽƵѹ֮£˾
ʱ֮һе΢΢ü
鶯գֱ󣡼Ȼˣħ޵ȺΪλҪգΪ֮Ҷľƣ
˵ҪԽ鶯Ѱ죬νѺѣ֪ˣϵĳ³Ϊμ
һ뵽˽ڣס΢̶΢΢ҡͷ
ϴ󣡸ǶʱˣĪҪĥĥ䣬
ϴ޲ף
һװģĻͷһۣԷںĹһ֡ݸתԵū̧¶Ȧʯδ˵ǸɵĵȴǴžǿȥʦūؽһζء
ƣӳ˲ѾͷʦˣҲԸԣ
һ̧󽩳Ƭ̣һ˦䱳ȥ
ūȴڴǰץסһ䣬صʦūɷأĪҪѽ˵ˣܼ꣬òʺء
һᣬأɫԶ
ūʦδ𣬰óѰݸһЦֺʲô˵ʦǳӽѰǧĶҵȣġ
һĬȻƬ̣ͷԡ
ūأ԰С۹͸żɫ
һƿ۹⣬ƮȥԶǺ嫵ǿգǽסֱ̧۶ơ϶һ̴Ŀ֮ǰֳһӰŽЦ⡣ǸٱŮӣԼշתǧꡣսѣءͬȻ쳣Ĺϸҡ⣬ԱɲǣȻһϷԣ㣬߶ģ
ҲãҲգǶһŮӣԸŻںİݶգĪٵ¡
벻֮л鶯ȤĵطȻҪһ⣡
˵󻰣в
һʱֵѽ¿һ顣Ȼ˽ĦȭƣһΪȻһǲ⣡
һŵĶĬĬת˵ԲȥͬСɡ
ֻʲŻִת֮ͬȻɽ𺣣ֵǰ
ūûͣūء
һ۹ԼΪ׽һӶص˵ͷ˵ҿҴڸ˵ġؾΣҲδ䣬̧ץūǰ̤ȥ
֮˲䣬ͷͻȻѽˣҿǱߡ̧һָһɵɲǣûȥЦλУݻһ𡭡


1447 鶯
һ֮
ŹâŤ˸жһһӰԶвƯ˾ͽЪϢеһ޴󰭣ūСɷףϢ꣬Ȼǳܲ㼲ۿ񱼡ʦıӻӳ֣ϵʩ֮£Ϊ֮ǲܵ꼰
ǲ۾ڵĺʯ⻬Ұ͹ƽʮ﷽ԲΪ֣
ūѰһƽ̹ϥ˸һ㻤巨使СҹŵһЪϢ֮ʣ̧ɬһЦ˫Ŀ΢ɵϢ
һڲ֮Ųߣɢʶңķ
ʱķԶԶŴСһƬơǷֱǧġġħġȪҰԼʩչؾһ£ſ˴鶯ص֮Զɴ˿ɼһߣ
չӳ֮£Ƭת˸Ϊٽı鶯ֻǧ֮⡭
һⲽƬ̣ͣ£ǹķĬĬ
ȥֽΣ޴ӵ֪ͻȻôҴææ̤̣ȻйֵĳɡΪѰԼΪӻĺƣΪȫˣΪ˽ĶԹֻ֮Դִš
һ͵£óϽ«Сһֽ֮ס׿
֮Ѱңλֵܻūݶաǰ󲻹أٴδҴææ׷ȥ˵֮ǰѲ˶Թֻô֮ķݶУӥգХ£ȥ׷Ҷֲ룡
ʱ뵱ǸɽСʿǺ¡ͬǣһųʣһɣЦơ
һʱ֮Զйâת֮䣬Ӱƿն
ѽ˵磬ֵ·𣬲°
ߣϴ֣ʱںη
ֱֵܲ˴ˣòõģ
ϴ󣡴˴鶯򲻹ǧһϹȥѰǰС
У뻢ͷΡ֮ͬʱڵĲǺһеһūδصֵҲ˰֮СһХǿʮĲ֮ƮԶ
˽۵һ
ͷСֵզģ˵Щð
͵Сġ
ū㾫񣬽һ󡣼ʦ۹⿴ȥٳλɷңб޻رǳǳһЦ
ͷ˴ΪĽȴֲΪȻūţл绤ȫ
ūӦţ䣡ūʮɷأҲΣݣ磬˵Ҳǡ
ͷ֣Ц˵ūĳ˴˼ȴݣദ⣬ٲ˰ĺҲѹ֣оôһλСѾͷƫ⣡
һȴǾ𡶺־ʾȥգΣͷҷԸ
뻢ͷ֪ͷӦС
ūӦǣСأЦӯӯ⣬ʦӦȫܸżʶһԸӣ
һֵ뻢ͷ߱ЪѰٶСٶ˵ת̤ǰͷһһңūλɷӰΡ

ģ塣
ǰɫ졣еĽǰⲽŭ壻ǱĬ
꣬ǰ͵ͣ½ŲеµʦĶδƽѾͷȻͣд˴̲סɤ߳ʣȥ˺δҴʵ
أվŲֳĬƬ̣Ų֪ģʦûֱһжµ֮С
ǰŭ۵дд
һ䡰д֮⣬Ҳ޼ƿʩֻһ仰СɢȥˣĪҪңֵ֮ʣȴԳȥˣ
в̣ٴޱسǵĳߣСѴ̣ǰȥѰңʦ԰꣡
ǰû룬ֺȵĪٵ飬ȥٻأ
ɫгɣ۽Ķʦ֣ζ˵С֮ıֻʦһ˿ҡ
ǰԲΪȻΣħѱһ˹ˣͷԸʱǣ
ֹ漴żǸĬĬ˫ֹһ֮ͶȥһƳת̤նԶ
ǰֻʣ˽ǰһˣظɿ
һ֮ʦѲ³çԡѰǣǿԷ
ǰԿտɽƺԼžɽȣЩʲô

չȥȻˣʯХب裬Ȼʹ˾۶ң
ãã֮ʣɫ谵֮Уһֹסȥơ
뻢ͷԿһ˽ûšūǶһС͸ŲȻ
Ӧõ鶯ıԵȻ뵽һƬİУĪ˵ʶԼԶͷѱ档ǻ򣬾ȻҲʧˣ
һ̧˼·ڻʲô
ͷԣϹµܲɴƵˡ鷳ûͶȡɡ俴ȻƵлʧΪһߡ
һƬ̣ҡͷ˵Խ鶯ɴǰıؾ֮·УĪ˵Ѱ䣬Ҳִﲻ˻򣡡ͷɻ󲻽⣬ȴĶ˵˰ʾСĸ·£ֻͷ˿Ѫɫ΢΢
Ȼϴдһ˵ͷȻʾ̧ٳ˳߳ɷһһҳǰ·
һūУټλɷܣ˵Ӱܿʯ磬СǰС
Ϥ׷Ҷ˴λٶλħǵĶСֻ򽥽գħǸȻءȥǵжԵ˫鶯Ǵб磬һж޴֪Ϊ֮ƣֻб߱Ѱ
ء
ǰȥʱзӭ֮һ޴ĲǷźХΪľˣ
ͷհȥңֳȵ
ǲǧɷԲСɽһ㣬֮紵ʢ֮ӲƴֱоûʹԱ˳ŵģ
ͷȴƣһֱûӰҲļƽϣæһԡһǷץԵūʦͽ˲ɳȥǧɡλɷܲ÷Ըһ
ءķڶߣֿһδۣǰмСĺӰϮҿЩŹ֣
顪
ͷزٶӱ۾ҡˡһӽſţҪԷӳɨȥ
֮ͬʱһͻȻѵ»¡


1448 Ƶ
һٴξ۵һֻͷץһɵ֣һ˭ȴǼ顭һ˵ţһ߻Ӷʾ⡣
һضϱۣѪһظɱ֦ΨͽӲָĹǰҵƴɱ䣡
ͷһɫأ˵Ц˳ֵȥ˲кɷµλĪҪţɻͷǰ̽·԰գɷʹɫ漴ֵǰ
һūУλɷǹӰ
һаˣ紩ããҹɫ֮УǰҡʶʱʱʹĪ⡣̤˲;̶̻Լ
ûãǰٴγַʯ֮ܿ󣬺ХƵҡΡ뻢ͷںӶ·ֵūԹһ㷨ĹâڰΪĿΨһȫ޷뵽ŰжȻȻλɷܣѳ֮ηϮ
㣬չȥ
֪֮䣬صߵ龰ȻʧԽĺҹǰһ޼ʵɫش֮⣬ããʲôҪ鶯ֻܼһ·ǰ
˵ӰؼС׹Ī
뻢ͷһδֹȥɡ
һֻĬĬ棬˫ͫ֡
˴ʶޣ֮ͫھࡣܲؽƣȴһʱΣݡ鶯ô򵥣
ɫشԼĪǧĳ̣СƬ̱˾ͷǰٴڰ֮Уһ޴ĲǺبǡõסȥ·뻢ͷѰٶУ˫˫ȥȻӿ죡һȴȻңΨɫɻ
ǿСļͬȮеһ֮ϣȻλİߡͻλͬĴ㵣
֣
ֵѣҲ޳Թ
ת֮䣬뻢ͷѳ嵽ǵɽĽǰλ߼ֵӵɱڣæ֣ʾõĿк̨λ
뻢ͷΪȻһһΧǵɽ⡣
ͷǵƲˣŵƿģԹˣҶ³ϣĪװСҴսһأֻɱڵĸ֣ߺߣ
ֵѣλֵܺڴˡ
λ߻ħǳ̨Ц޶δŭǾֻܣֻλǲõ
ת֮䣬һūҲɽ֮ϡûλֵܣЦЦˣͷٴαƽȻֵ䱸ɫءλɷǼƯڲԶİУɭŶɱ
λ֮УɫƵλ뻻˸ɫ֮תЦǺǣֵǴӺζ
ݵöʣ˵˵϶Եڴˣ
ͷվڷ嶥࣬Ȼڡ
һǱ˫ֲ˵ֻ۹̨ش
ƣԵ̨ҡҡͷԳ£ſЦԴϻһֵѵķɸʤǰһ֮󣬽ֵʵҶˣֵЪϢ֮ʶǡֵѵֵ֪ǡ
νϻһָħ֮ǴβڶʱһҪǰħǴ̽ʵһͬǱͼ
һĬȻƬ̣һƲ˵Ƿɽĳֻ֪ҶĶ򡣱˴޳ԹãǲҪ˺
ƣҲǸ룡
ܵο̨ĬĬƬ̣˵ҶҰףҲ
̨͵ԲĪֵѴҵȣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᰡ
˵ͷַ룬£⻹Ҫǰ˵𡭡
һ˦ȥĬĬȻ¶
е֪֮ǰ̨̽ħǸ־Ķ֮͵ػתǺҶڰϷһС֮ʦֵҪϹãȻֹϰݣٹ˲ǰǧģԣƱҪȥͷ󻼣
Զ׼Ҷ˵Ľֻ֮ñӴܡ֪⻹ǳģ׷˫Ȼֱ鶯
̨ħǶ֮󣬱ųȥΪ£һֱҳϲλħѱҲòı·ڴ֮ǰλǱΪ֮Ȼ御ɢҲˣ
δǱ̨ܵ˳֮ꡣ˱ħǵʿƵûŲ·Ҷһͬ鶯ЩͬŶһ顣ֵȸ롢뵽԰Ρշת꣬˭ǡһ
ֵѣһȰǾʹ˷ذɣһ鶯ԴԽĪǻ򡭡
Բ鶯Ī⣬ҶҲ
˵˴̨Ÿпһ䡣Ȱ˵Ҷ˷֮ʣҶħѽֵǰȥֻϼҡһȻⲻ̹Ȼʵ˵˰ɣλħ²ߴΡֶܷͼ֮ȫʤԡ
ҶΪǿҲѵ˶ڡ鶯ԸǿУҲĲãǶʦֵܷԸ޴֪
Ҷλħֵʵ档ֵѺȥδӣ˼У
˹֣漴Ե̨˸ɫԾڴˣˡ
ҪߣͷȴǽŲ·λɷȻΧŷ嶥תɭɱȻʣ
̨ҡͷֻÿǵȻıӰ
һڻת۹ӹһԵū漴Ͷλɫߣ΢΢ЦЦ˵۹ȥΣʼաĳΪѵá˵֮أηһ·ͬء
̨ɫ΢䡣òٴηأҲ˵أһҶʱָΣ
ͷʱеĴӣݺȵǧħҼϴĵ̣ĪҪʶ̧١˳
һƽ˵ֻҪĳˣĳ⣬ҶھĳſΪ˽󣬺Ǻǡ赭дЦʤȯնĪ⣡
̨ɫ࣬þóɲ
ͷ׹һ
ߵȻλʶ̧٣Īֵ飬ūδ䣬ū򰵿ղ˳ٴٳλɷܡ
֮ͬʱæֵ̧šһˤ䣬ɥ鶯򣬾Ƶذ


1449 
鶯򣬾Ƶء
ˣ̨Ǹ⡣öĲ뻢ͷһеһ仰
ڻеԴҲ
ǺλڳƬ֮˫˫ͷһᣬƺ𣬱ٴ̤ʱ·̡Ϊʵ˸пࡪ
ȥҡҽƹ죬¶ôԽ⣬֮ҪϸһĹҶ㣬Ƿ˼
ᵽĽ鶯ѣǰ磬Ҫӵհ
ҶڴЪϢѮ࣬Ҳ˻תʱ˿̣λħѽ˻ҵȵǲؼŸ·
ԼǣǰĲԶ֮⣬ơʱ·;ǧʧɢԼһۡ
鶯ľͷƬǺ纣˭ȵһ͵صȺ򡣶Ī⣬λСġ
֮Уһ˷ȥơ
е뻢ͷ̽·һǴų̄ɷֱλƮҶػ
һԵ̨ס΢΢üԷҲͣ»ͷǽСĵģ
˵Ŀе֪ǰȥơһУɼľ
ʧɢС´
һ˼Ƭ̣ūóǿ
ۣ¶ϵʯ̨ʵǽȦ˷ģ
ūŨܡȻΪӣȴʦ̽أ;䣬ʹΪβ΢΢С졣ʦǵģ棡
ͷ²ؼֿһ֣æݸɫֵûӿȥơ
̨ʲŻʱȻ⡣һ˷˵˼ң෨㣡Ǭ֮⣬ѰĽӷûôһ˸͵˵Խ鶯ȫ޽ݾߡǲȻҲµĵӻתǻ򣬶µΪѴС
һȻбȴ֪ࡣһ˵סЩ㵣֮ԴūͬУ̡ԼȦûôūһŮգ
ūһʦ˫йʻȻ
һţӶϵȦʯ˳ʶסūգɲǣԷӰʧһ˲䣬СѾͷԭһ޹
ǡڴʱԶһ󺰣硭ϴ󡭡
ʮ̼ӶͬʱӰͷǰ̽·ֵֻܵÿ죬ȴ֮Слͷĺδ䣬ӰޡĻתΪʱ
һ˲ūʱĿѡ
ǶԴ˲ΪȻɻ㾹Ȼ鶯һ֪ܡ
֪֪
һأԶǰȴſڴɣűʵλֵȥ˺δ
ΣҡͷָôӺ˵뵱ҶҲĪѽ
̨ǰǣ˼ȻգȴͬΪԵڡλֵ֮
һԶɫһ˿ǡ
˴ºڰ޼ʣķããǺХշɾĲʯȴ޴ӶܣؾͷʱǬתʱյ
ͻȻ״Ը뻢ͷһƽ£
֮ͬʱһŰ̴ǰԼλɷ뼤֮УСʱҪôͷȥҪôӭĪδ֪ĵ
̨ط鶯йǽס΢΢ݡǼʾԸԶţǺ纣پۡ
һ˺ֱȥץԵūδԷ̺Х
֮ɲǣؾɫȻһ䡣
һ˲ܵĶԼȥ̴֡棬ūѾͷȴûӰˣλɷܣԼ̨޴Ѱ
鶯˵Ĺ죬֮ǰûǴƣֽΡ
ء
ͷãȻ֮ʣסһɤӡ꣬ͨһɽ֮ϣһ˫ֹģ˵Ǻڣ
һ羰ɽȣĵ֮£۵Ĺľɭɭ洦滨ݣԪ鶯磬˵һҰ񻶵ĺõط
벻鶯ɾӵ𡭡
ͷפƬ̣δѰϴӰĿ׳Ͼ룬Ϊڵؽڼϣ漴üЦģɷ°ΪƻйһйŹֻ֣һҹȥߺߡ
λ첻µز£˵ɣҸӵڶ˼ɡӣ̧뿪ϸڣѭɽǰȻȥ
ʶûоͷ㱾ţһоΪʵѤľɫļž֮У͸żĪĲͬ
ꡪ
ͷգȴ˳ֽºɨ֮˲䣬һ۶ϵĺ촫Ȼͣתͷ̲סޣĪӿˡ
嶥֮ϣһġɸߣ˺ϱϸĹѱݻ٣۶ϵ֦ҶľмĽʯȻ׹䡣龰лĺۼȻʵĴڣ
ͷ֮̽ƽ˼ֺɡ
ɽȵľͷɸ߷·
ͷһ߶һ߿ǰ뺷ļƣʮһѲɽǿˣŽԽ߷壬΢΢һ
߷֮һ޴ɽȡ֮ǰͬ˵洦ɼײǽ塣Ϊߣǧ֮ʮӰһȵ׵ɽǰлϴ
һȺʿΪ׵ǸΪߣµΪԪӤ𵤵С
˲ĲȺʿɽڵΡ
Χ֮УһͷδˣȴԾضڶ˺벽ȻȾѪܿ׻޵׺ηΪ̫ͣʿĶ֣ǲ֧Ŷҡҡ׹ΨвϷķŭʾϣ
ͷڰգ׻Ŀɿڴ
ǡǲǵԼ
Ȼǵã˫֮ʣĻͷ¶Ȼһһεĺ˯еȴųĹյȴһȺѰ̽ʿҪܻ׽ֱʱǼʶ˴ļԵնֻϧδǱƳ˻ꡭ
䡢䡢䡪
໡
һĺһĳХ
Χ֮£ͷ׻˵ڶǰȴڶʿǰȻҡͷβ漴ֻצ顱һץ˼ʯ̶ŭĿԲ𣬲ٴη춯صŭ𡣶֮˲䣬ʮĽΪǻ߸ǴЦȥȻ־ڱصã
ͷĿô״סţͷظܵķŭľɥƺجξѰܣŭ͹ҧӸէĲ۱ƳŴ죬漴͵еɷһȥ


1450 Լ
ɽǰɢʬк
ת֮䣬ʮλԪӤʿɷȻڰСء죬ɱҵѽԶȥ
ͷȴǧֹ֮סȥơȻɽԼϤ龰Ȼٴǰһ
ͷ׻Ȼһ٣ȴݺˤڶǰɽϣҡҡλ̧ͬͷɫãȻ
ͷסæɷ˻첻µزµһȴη塣η壬죬ҲԵأԼ
𡪡
׻һͺĺ
ͷȻһ𣬽סٴζȥ¶º͵ЦݣȴͽŴΡ
׻ҡǰһϵĻͷϤ׽
ͷظŽΣͷȴһ
տžɽУһһ˹龰صӳʱµصǷֲʵ˫಻ɵһɲǣͻȻâŤ仯
ס
ͷδȴǰֱԴܵΣסһȡ
ڵɽȣǴǰ֮ءǵ·ɸ߷壬˦Ϊλٴγǰˣٺ׻ԼǱصǽѲʲô
ͷǺݺ˦˦ԴԶ϶ԼûзͿ
ѵջȴΪԼϢϢ˵ʵĻһĿмأ٣Եʧˣ
ͷ˿ڴֱǰȥԽ߷壬ȻĿɿڴ
ǧ֮ɽУһȺʿΧһͷ˵׻һ̰ԼȷХ֮ǰһޣ֣ȴ˵У
ͷϾ룬س˹ȥ裬Ѫɡϣ׻ȡ˴δâŤٴγԭɽС
һ߷壬ɽȣҲزͬءأжонաǰҲбǿгѹ޴Եļ䡣һʵһãͷѷֲֻ֪һһγʩȣȴһһα˻صԭĵطǺɽ֮䣬һӰȥȥͷ׻ɱֹһУ
һչȥٴεظչȥǧεء¹ȥͷӰȻ𼱻ǰĴæе飬ͷ׻Ҫ˳ǡܡ
ͨ
ͷˤɽУڴڴŴһµֹǿ׳绢Ҳƣʱ򰡣ϽǼжĸ꣬˶뵽֮Сÿͷ׻Ĺ¶Ҳѡ
顪
ͷһ٣ʱʯмĽ˲ЪϢڿն𡣱һԽɽ֮ʣͷһƳ
֮ͬʱһͻϮ
ͷδɷ壬ס˸飬漴лȻǰǻڷ嶥֮ϡȻԲɫá
ݵĵ飬ǰɽ졣ֻͷ׻˲䣬ʮ͸漴Ȼ׹أһȺʿӵϡȻʬǷ룬ǻǶδ⡭
ͷĿò״ɵùǿ׳к˫Ŀ࣬ٴηһسȥȻȴ޿̡Լ޹ȴǲ¾ҪΪԼ𡭡
ХѪɣ
ǹâŤ׹ɽȣٴԽϸ߷壬ͬĳصĻͷȴûٴδɱ䣬ն
׻ɱȺʿջ֮ﳤȥ
𡪡
ͷŭͣɤ﷢Ըӡ꣬ҡһƨڷ嶥ϣֿ
ء
ģ
һµڣ˹ɱȺʿǾԼƣܶʼѭȥֱվƣ߶˵أǰֻ˱ĪһĥȴΪֱ
Σ
ûҹ
ΪԼܶΪͷ׻ʹ˵Ϊ˱ҵĹȥ
ȥģùȥˣ޴Ӹı䣡ʹǿΣҲֻнܼȳɵȻĻͷ׻ǻյĻֽڡ
ͷĨ˺һӣŽƽЪϢֽסػͷˣ¶վǰ̤ȥ
ȻֱԽɽȶ״
ͷԶȥ֮ʣ㬺һֳһŻλƼ·һ·ͷࡣ֪Ƿĸۣǿ͸˽ȥ

ããĳɽ֮䣬ǰС
Ʊ仯˲䣬̽·ֵʹʧɢûоţֻ֪νŸ·ͷǼһϸȥҲ޷ūʮλɷܻӦðΣݡһϴΪ죬ǲõġ̨ȣѰǺ纣ϡڡǺ纣Ǻڣһ·ѰȥԼ
һգǰȻɽˮȫ֮ǰİ޼ɭĪ⣬ǴȻ֮УΨ쳣ĳԲͬ籩ǰʹ˲зֺ⣡
ֵܡ
·ٻѭȥɵɫ΢΢һ䡣
һİ֮⣬ɽһʯֳ̧ͤͤٻһλģӣ˫ü絶ƮȻ͸Ȼİȴвأ
ֻԳɣ;ת˹ȥ˳ңңֵ֡
ӼٽδӭǷһ˦ȥ˵ı֮ģво
֮䣬˽ǰǰıӰһִۣɻ֪֮УԼ˽𷢵ģ
壬ĴŰɱͬأȴǱʶơ˴˹򣬿νȴ䣬ܷһ
Ӷ˵ҲϤ𡣶ֵܣȴĪ˸ҡбֻ˴޻壡
˫أ㱼ֻص˵꣬ʱַ֣㲻ǧʥĲԣҡ˵죬ֻ뽫ǧʥǰĲ֮ԩյѩû˵꣬ѱϡ
Ȼתŭ߳ߣ֤֤ڣݵֵܣв˵ԽƱ硭
ȻһĻʱĿڶ
˵˳壬ֻϴɲ׷˭ֵأһɡΪԵҲɣ͸żֿɬĴΡ
ֵܡ
磬ĬĬ߶һ䡣꣬£ֳֵܣͬѡ


1451 ޴Ӹı
ɽѣȾѪ
ʮӰΧ֮£֧׾ƣĹϮһ˲䣬еȻӭǰȥ󣬲ϡ
䡪
һӰ׹䡣
顢顪
ضϷ֮ϣȻˣҡҡҡ׹ȴ̬ϵĶֲգأܶɱɭɭ
Ϊִ㣡
ֵͬܶԴ
һΪֳеȿȡ
֣ǿгأ𣬷ΪԶԶա
ǺǣŴشΪĲ
ȻһЦִǰһ¶Զ
֮⣬ڵӳߡ֮УǵӰ裬ˮȻޡ
ĬĬһ̾Ϣת̤뷢ȻȵΪˡʾȻ˵ĲֶΡбֵָаɣǰ
Ʊõİ֮УһλԽڶЦǺǣʦϷʦŴУҵֺˡ֮ʣλ߸ŵͷ͡
סڣ˽ʹŭ߳ȣȻİһǰ
߲ΪȻʦֿ޷Ҫ˶ĿˣطĶư£ڡ˴˾Ϊֺ֮ηҡɫڽֵʦ̣Ӵ˽١
ɱλߣ̧֮ɲǣǧɽâɨķ
аɣͬʱʮ˸Եķ
䡪
ɽХĺ֮У˫ʤѷ֡
Ѫҡҡ׹ϰݣûơʮͨķڰнײɱŰݡȻֳֳ
Ϊ׵λߴ˷ķٴʹɱ֡ıѾãǷǳɰܱڽ񳯣
һƬããĺסչ⣬ֻҪض⣻ʮ޵ӰڶצһħƿնƲɵ
ǹ΢Ц˫۾𣬽âǣķɱֱ񷡣
ǡڴ˼ʣ˳ȵƣһء
֮ͬʱͻȻɽײŭϣ졣գ֮䣬͵ĹƿϮ֧ţ׹䣬ȴתֱ϶ٴΪ׵λߡš顪һľȻըκ˰ɨ˷ɣ׵壬ͬʮ޵˳ȥаܲħ漴ѪǻæˣɫвȻѣ꼰֮£පǱ

Ŀþޱ䣬Ŀѣʧʹ֮Ϊ֮ԱԪ񡭡
ѪڵİУǰɵӰȻһƵƣĲлȻԶȥ֮Ȼ̾Ϣһյĺֵܣĺֵܣ۹ֵܵȻ
һԺֵܾƲأ˫˫Χ֮СΨһƴܱһλ³ǿл֮£ջڽӣ
ʹͣſһѪȻٴǧʥ߾ȫеĽ
죬ʡ
ʮǵضѵǿ֮ĩȻһЦͻȻըѪ꾡ŭȥ֮˲䣬̧һָ
š䡢䡢䡱һ죬аɣĽ֮С
ֶٳ촷ֻۣӴܡ
ڿշĽƲȻȡһƲлֱǿȥ
֮䣬б׳־ȻĻھþû첻ֵܣҲ
ɫãâ˸
ӰлȻ̲סĶ
ǽ𷢵ߣǻع鵽Ӳʵģ֮ʣ
֮ǰһǷþѻϤǰվ޴Ӹı䡣ǴǰǸһǰǸһΣȻҡ
һƬïܵĴ֣Ĺľסȥ·
һӰƮȻ䣬СȵūɫȻת֮䣬ĵɭĮȻɷܽ
ʦӰҲû뻢ͷȥ鶯Ľƻþ֮УֻʣԼһˣʱūָúȥδӡ
ū֮ʣˮ˫͸һ˿ϵɫ
ȻУҿūԼҵֶΣܽʦСˣ
ūӶСȭͷƮȻǰĺնȴΪ޶ֻܴڴַ϶֮䡣ɷܿ·ҰΣݡ
ʱïʢĴֽ㡣漴Ȼʣһ﷽Բɽȳǰ
ūδüܵΣ㱻һ޵ĺû
Ƕǣͻ
һ׳˶Ҿ޴ӰԾ˷ȻϮ֮ضɽҡȷɱң
ūڲ죬ѱȺΧڵ䡣ҳɣæʹɷӭСԷ޲׺쳣ȶ֮ǿ
һʱ֮䣬쭺Хص߸ǡĩս٣ֱ޴ӱܶͣ
ūСɫٴγ衣ʮλɷһƬҡΪڶ࣬˫ֲ¡βûǰӶݡȥԶͷʮɴС׹使СӰʱ֮Уʱ˺飡
ǽֻǽƻȴҪ
ū֮ʣΡ
ʮλɷܹȻǿȴ޵ĳȺӡԼҪΣͷס޴ƾѽ
ūǣһԭʧȥټδӳΧѱʶ֮һѪںݺҧȻʹϾܡ漴ǡ顱һ죬εʱѱ˺ɷ飬ȴѪɽֻһ׹䣬Ϊ졣˲䣬һūȴڰ֮⡣
ʦķȻ
ūûüңһСɽĺӰ仹ʼʩȴΪʱмͷڶɱ罭ӱƲɵ̴ڰŶĿȻʧʦҡ
䲻ݻ֮ʣƾէ𡣽ǰĹػ顱𣬱ʱΪ֮һ
ū룬ӳΧ
ʮλɷҲϬս漴ǰʱѪȴ֮ɱһ·
ūڰȺµĹޣһɽЪϢȴ΢΢δ鲻ԽƮƮӰԼ飬ɭĮȻɷܵĻ±Ŀˣ
ʱķӰΩççԲԶĪȻ
ʲŷ˾ūΪû
ūã߷һĨȻǳЦ
ǰؼΨһԼõֻصĽѣԼˮζ
һҰɽϣһ˫ⲽǰ֮ʣȴ̧ͣӶ䡣
ƣ䷢ȣ߶
һ̧Ѿͷ֪ǳֿԣǰĽƻþǹŹ֡


1452 һ
ӱߵ̰УԶɽģϰϰԼż;·ˣٲȻһɽˮĿ
Ƿеľ
һߣžΥڣ
˿̣ȴΪʶָۣȻʹ˵⣬ᴩǧصȥص˵Ĵ֮У
˼羰ã˼ɡ
һ˿ɵ΢̶ɫȻ
ǡڴʱһ˻Զ죬һһЮǿȻ̶ﳾ˦漴ƮȻԾ˺ӱߵĵ̰֮ϣˬЦǺǣλֵϢ滺Ǹϰ֮ˡ
λ縺ˣߣ࣬˫Ŀһ潣䲻ģȻλϰĸֻ֡糾ͣɫƣ룬ӦԶв֪ȥη
һ۹б΢΢㵣ȴֻþû룬ܵʱϰֵһᡭ
λ˸·æϾѣˮߣĬڹȻɺӣһ
жʮɿ˻ˮļûСڶɣѰ˵Եִ˰벻˴ȻǶɿڣʮ﷽Բ֮ڸûдҡ
һһԣµشǰһС
˺ɤ֮󲻼Ȼٴȵұѱɡ
ΪߣӦþǴ˵صĴҡƾδߴ٣԰ʼȫ޶
֮䣬Զٴһ֮ǰͬٶܼͣȻغӵĵ̰΢΢
ɫ΢䣬͵س߳
ֻּ֮Сðһ׳ֳɱڣʮ֮࣡
Ƭ̣ʮѳ嵽˽ǰᵶǰգ۵Ĺѽһ˺ˮİߣ˱ԳûȥȴΪԸ˺󡣶ԷֻΧʮ⣬ǰȻԶУ־ܣʱ
һܵοҡҡͷ׷ʮ׳ΪʿԼ䱻һʵЩʼϲ
˻ܣʢŭһ˦룬߳ߣȾڴ󵨡֪ˣٲɣȻȻལâɷǾˣ
â
֡
ΣѲڣ
ԼǣҲϡ
ܵĽּʶ㣬һСС
˲δæŶ֣ǻ׿һǸȻλֵƽ֣֮ǼΪҪ
һΪȻ޷Ա㡭
˼һղ޾ɫͷͣ漴ȻʱֱʮȺȥ֮˲䣬ֱۻӶ潣ʱ佣
ܵʮλ׳˶ڣǷӵϡ
գ֮䣬˫սһš
ˡ
ǳ˱б룬ѪȾ˵̰
ॡ
ֵײϳǿ֮֡˳ߣȴɵĽûն˶ֵһֻ۰

ҽδֹǼпĸֵХ
˲ӲƴβΧ֮Уƣ֮սȺۣȻնɱ֣ȴǹѲڣ֮ǰ£ֻñ߶֧ţ
Զ
ܾ˳ȥδԽΧ㱻зʬ
һʼԹۣͬѶ֮ꡣ׳һ˳ֵһ˳ֽ˸ǰױҿȴᣬŲæһǸѵ򲻹ܣ汣֮ţ
ƣӦĻš
Եľǽϵ׺֮ټϴӵ赲ʱ˿·ӣ
Ȼûһѷϣæ֮л̲סͷһۡԼԵʶۼ޹лЩ֮ʣȴס΢΢һ
һԽӵ̣漴ȴδͣ٣ǴƮƮֱϣǡˮѸٷȻδʹȥȻһС
֮ɲǣֻһεȻ漴ץȻƮˮĶ԰ɼȻĿ
ֻǸڰգŲŲת仯ǷһٶĿѣԣ
ʮɿĴӣ˲伴
Ի㱣Ȼء
ڴ˼ʣֻʱĶ԰Ȼһк
ǻڳ˷Уڰ֮һ޵ĵӰвϸ꣬ƮȻ¡
˼ӭ潣޵ֵܵṦ£̾Ϊֹɷָһ꣬ϲҪ֪ѰṦһݲġɡҪʮɵĴӣڽ֮о޽С
һ׷֮תȥȴҲû˵оű䡭
оű䣿
ʧ̾æֳһıӰлľĳسǾɽɵɴȲоű񹦣˶
һδԶסͣ½ŲȻס
ڳϿ˵ֻгѰɷõɲűйǡλֵ֣ܵŴ
һǣɫĪ꣬˰ֲδӦ˭ת֮䣬ɫãӡˣԼ԰Ľ־Ӱȴأפԭأһζ
ӳǸ˿˵˼ֹŹ֡ö룬ǴسǵĿ
鶯ǹĪ⣬Ȼػش̡֪һԶǧ֮áʲķɵĴʦҲľҵ档ɵоű䣬Ȼĳ̫š
ǾѭʱմңǹصĪݽƶ԰ΣŻþ
һͷ˼⣬䣬ʱƾȻʣһʱ֮䲻淽벻⣬̧̤ȥǰС
ĳȻ̤ջصȥȥҲͬŲѭϢֽӣǧһɳһ磬һһΪǬÿ˶ԳΪˣҲԳΪĳĳˡֻϲӦûΪ񣬱˴˲޶£ͬΨһִŰˣ
Уʼȥ޾ͷҴɲ֮䣬µḶ́鱥Եķ羰ֺαع˼ʲôǡǷء
֪ǰɢȻʡ
һľ֮ʣֹסȥơ
İ׳ۡٷ֮̾󣬾Ȼһ


1453 
һ
Զ̲죬ѩԶɽݺã޼ʡڴˣľɣԵҪ쳤̾
һһ˿ɻϢɽ֮ϡ
ףǺˡ
λ۹ӣʮͷͣȴݿݶ糾ͣɢŵƣһʿ֮ʣǡüһλļ֮⣬ɵ΢΢һ漴ʡ
һΨ¼ɣפ㲻ǰЦˣԵ
ɫ꣬һ˦䣬ͷָ㣬ȴһˡ
һʼͷΪȻΣΣţ˭νɣݽ죻˭νɣɻΣʵΨꣻ֮Ρ̧һָŵԶĪЦݽֵ޷ͼˮңˣ
ٴζס˫֣ȻԭλǰˡΪһǳһеԶԾͨǵ߿ö룬ıһλǰˣ
һǻԶأɻ󲻽⡣ǽƵԵɣɢʶҲԶΡ˴չֵĻ󣬾Ǻڣ
ǰؽܳҶȴѰȥ֪ɷָһ
ӵͻĻ˸ָĪ⡣ԷȻĬΣֵˡðˡ
һѭȥЦҲǳէָ㣿Ǵ̵ؽ磬ǰ̫ƽɽ˴ΪƧšɽ˶˴ЦֵǺǣܲԴİɣˣѭҲȤ
ֻӵɫ΢䣬һ˵ԴģԪ
һЦݣһʱԶԡ
Ԫ۵ʦԪˣԴıѵʿԪ
ԳԪǹһ֣صǰˣ֪
һǣٲ˵£һ˦˲ڿնȥϲĻȴƴлǰָ㣬ȥá
֮Уķãã
һפƶˣ԰ҡͷ
˵ؽƹŹ֣ǸԪҲǺԪˣܵƫԶ˶ɽɣȻĳָ㣿һãȴһɽСӡ
Ī³Եˣɺ˭˵
һĬȻãͷ·ƱãȻǰ龰ңң⣬֮ǰʲıϾԪ۵Ŀɽʦ˵ã˼ȴȻ˸пĪ
ֻ֪ʲô
һƹ⿪ϣɫвͬǰһտɽȣ˼٣ΨݻƳƬľ㡣ɪɪĺ֮У͸޾Ļµļį
һӰлأȻԡȻĹˣδ쳣С
Ϊĵز֮ͫУȴԶʤǰҪ½Ʋ¡ڴˣһԶԶ˽Ƶķ롣һʵأȴʱյƬʴӰˣ˵صļ䣬ƬΣܻһķ羰ǷԵڹ
ҽйľĳĳĳգֵ˻£ͻȻϤĻ㱣вȻһʧ޴Ѱ٣֪ҴԽʱ㼣ۡ
һڻУҵ
ǡڴʱǺ׹أ̶ȻըȻһƣӰһλ뷢߰׵ߣڵĸ֡вվȣæżɽ֣źȵ㡭һ
һֹסȥƣͬЩ⣬ǡ
ڴ˴һλħޣ˵вȴϵĳˣӦ¡
˼һɫ糣״԰ģӦƽѲ޹ڣʹ˱Ȼûһȴ֪Էæܼ䣬Ҫȥ
һֹ̧š
ԳƽѰȥ·ɵһʧء
һأվԭأƽĳ޶⣬ʾ仰ѣǺǡһЦ˫֣˵ҵɣԼ˵ȥҪҲ
ƽһ鲻αɿƬ̣Ųɽ˹֣˵λȻǰβö֪Ϊޣǰֻþ͵ػת˭鶯̫죬ֱղſ˴ֵĪҪѣмձɴԽ˷ʵҪ̨֪λڸҲźᴩľΪһȫʵס
һ˵ͷʣһУмˣ
鳤ⴴ֮ħһдλʮλڵĸ֡Щ뱾˵μΪ·跨Ѱ·
䡪
ƽδ䣬һǺ׹أضĺĿɿڴȻɫ
һҲȻһ̧
ֻ׹Ǻ罦Ųϼ⣬֮ƽضӰλߴӣһΪһΪһΪò϶ƮƮȲΨ飬мЩǱΪǣͻ˷Ϊǿȴѱǳ
ƽΪ״æѵֵѿߡΪħ޵ˣûλӡ鶯Ľƻ̫գвС֮ν³Ϊϲߣ
һͷ⣬۹ԳԶ
ƽ֮ʣֱһҪΪ£֮ɲǣǿĪķŽѲãȻԭأʱʧ룺ֵѾҡ
һվδ˵붯ҲˡİȴϤķѽܽɷԲ֮ڻ죬ʹж޴
֮ͬʱλѴƮȻżֺһƽ̶˴ӣ˵һŹֵĻֹƬ̣еİߴɻתͰ˵˵ءǷڡȡԵζС
һȻ⣬ȴ̬ݶһԡͷȴһתŽϤİ
ƽǽ֮⣬һ˸꣬ŵѽתΪϲΪع˫ӦλǰԾˣ˺ʿƽΪħǳϣ˻֣׷汨Ч֮Ҳ
۹ϵķᡣѿλӵνӦ伫죡
˲δȻɻء
ƽԹֵħǵλԼͬΪɴΪʱҰ˻ڵĽգؽʢǰ˵˴ɵ¶ЦݶɷΣҶԲ֮һ׽ָһڻԵ콵
£Ը㣡ΪǵĽܽ˻֮ӣ
顪
һ죬ੲݵƽȻֹ漴ѪɽͻȻըҺһ
֮⣬һĿȻ
ں֮£㽫һڵĸָɱͬԴһļ򵥣ȴ˴Ŀģ
ǡڴ˼ʣĪɱȻ
һ˫üһ


1454 ع
ǳ׼ƽħд˽ɣ֮֡λɱ𣬽飡
һڴ㵲ѣۻĪķѴ˷Ȼ֪УȴҲԴУһ˫εâ֮ͬʱǿƻȻг
һâƾճ֣ʱɡǧɡ֮ޡ֮ɲǣ˺ѣײܵĽƾ
Ҫʹɱ֣ǰȻѪرɫһɽڶȻƵˡ˼ʣѱǿƽ⡣㵽֮⣬Ȼѹ֮ǰδĻСӷϣȴ³ͻȻЩֲ
һȴƳˣ˲䵽ʮ֮⡣еǵâ֮ʧδվΣӰ˲Ϣסǰҵȥ·˫ͫһһ˦˫֣߳ʣ˴ƽԵƣ
֮⣬ӼȻ˸Եɫͬ죬òԼֹǼΪ·
еİͬ黻˸ɫɻݴ˵ġδֺ̻ɵˡ
߾߳СΪ㣬ܡ޳磿
߸Ǹɴ࣬־ܣȻκ
ֵλڼ֮󣬺ϤƵ˵ʵ飬ɱ
һ۹ӣ˲ѽӵ鿴һƲ˵⣬ǡ;˴çĵΣʵѵף
Ʊ磡

λ԰꣡
˳ֹһԭ㲢ʿԵ棿
һ̹Ȼа䲻ʵ˹֮ڴ˵ΣҪѰʸȴɱڣͽκΡؾᣬȴҲû˵ٻֻ⣬ʵָ
˸Ӻ棬ʣԺη
һ˶Ԫۡ
زǰɫãȻλͬҲһ¶˶Ԫۣû˵
һԹֵߣоؾţƫһ֪Σɽ֮ϣֻ봩Խϡ¡۵ڤأɵִ޼ʵ졣ϣдࡢĪ⣬Ī΢֮ˡﵭ̬ݣٲȻһػض֪ģ
λӻȻа߸ͷԭСҲ֮ˣֲһ޶ͨ죡в֪䡢΢ֽ֮ȥη
һһʣһعͣȥȥʵգԷɫŻʱʵλǰɱ䣬Ϊİ㣿
˲δ׷ʣǰڳȻ״ҡͷһС΢硣ǳ׼Ϊµһתλͬ麬Цʾ⡣˽ɱȴΧܶȥ
ֱڿҵ˴ֻΪ뷨вݽ棬ɾ
С׷ң桭
һ̩Ȼӣȴʱʱ̿˵һһ
й鶯Ľƹ죬̡ҵУ˵Ծ˲֡Է֮⣬ֻһûӿѵĵطֱܻĺ԰Ⱦָĵͳڡв⣬ؽԼʶ֮ǰƽֺã˭Ϸ¼ɣϡͿνĺ뷨ƶݼ˻ģ˭˵ֲ˽أ
һԷӲʩвԼصľ˼¡Ǿ仰˵ĵطн
˵һλǷ飬ҰΣ֮ǰ˵Ŀе֪˻˾ΪƧһ졣֮ϵǽ죬Եڶ࣬ԶԶ󡣶֮ϣϡ¡۾ΪڤضѴԽ֮ϵ䣬ҪΪ޼ʣǴࡢ࣬ɵִ΢磬㣬ȵȡ
һĬȻƬ̣δ˹֣΢Цɸʶ֮Ҳ˼˳ӣųȥ˽䱸۵һΪػΪһˣѯʣСγƺ
˲䣬Ʊ仯졣
ת֮䣬ɽʧӰ٣ޱ޼ʵİջȻХǷٲȻǻص˳鶯龰
һϣԲӦ䣬һյʯ֮ϣ˳óϽ«˿ھƣ漴ܶпĪֱƬ֮Ŵż°˿
ĻþѰʵ֡ϲ˵ΪֱΪħɣҼΪǿȴһˡö룬˵Ϊٵ徳硣֮ڴɣֻ뵱ĵۿɻ಻ضãʲвأĳؽصƽĸޣ
˿ľ̫ǿ󣬲ǿԸıĵһУ˵ʼմڲ֮Сǰйˣˡ
⣬鶯þ֮ʱֻ˳Ȼ£ҪҲѡ
һ˼ھƣµʯ㰲ȣܲ״«ϥЪϢ֮ʳ
Ľ֮ڣһλͷϸ̧ͷɫãȻʲ𶯣ʵ˴㵲ʱع鰲Ȼ˼⡣
ǡڴʱһӰƮȻ
Ǽֲ֣ż߳ʵһڸʲôã
һ֮УδӦ𣬶ǵ˵ѵתϲɺأ
ʮֹסΣתԶֱʱѽʮķԲҵư͹ߵ£ԼԳسΡĿñ仯Ϊ֮һɨգ
ߣ
һ˵ȻΪβܾˣҪɱȻʹ˳סȥΡ
һ΢΢һЦ
֮˲䣬ʮɵһСطʱ仯ǧɵķԲвڵ͹һƬƽ̹ɽ¡էȻһΪ
֮رСҵϰΪķȻһЩڡȻ飬ɻټڣΪУ
һ˵ͷΪȻʱգ˼佫ΪĿһ仰ٶ˵ת̧űߣӰ˲ʧһ̳ʮ֮⡣
ǰǽƸһƬأһ۵ĻƸɷ׻Ȼ΢ǹ⣬ȴ粢ӳķ֮⣬лʮõӰֹħӡȻЧ΢ʹʽӡÿÿΪõԵʶԵʩչ
һǰһ̧ۣ֮üġ޺壬üĵӡʧһ˦䱳˫֣Ҫȥȴֺ˼


1455 ݼ
Хʯʹ˻̻Ȼ֪ȥ
һЪϢ󣬻ǼĬĬǰؼһƮȴִŵѰҵķ;вֵĻ󣬽ƻǡҪôԹۣҪô˳ȻǺоյضɹѹء
ѷһУ޴תеȱʧ䣬׷ڣäӣȥıԼԣĳֻǺ쳾͡ʼȥռǡɺӰǹҡҷҴɲǼıֻһ仨ˮĵ黳ΨһǱԣ
Ψˣյ·ϲܶȻݣ
֪䣬ȥ
һż˿ƣɫֹסȥơ
͸̣ɼǰǹԶԶȥǲʺ㼯ҫĿҹԵĲɷ졣
ǵȣ˷ͷ鶯֮лϡ
ǰ֮龰ӦñνġǺ纣ɡ㣬Ǵ鶯򣿶ͷūԼִ
һԶƬֻ̣ؿҡҹУʶӰ
ճǿг;浹ҲϡƽĵĲΪĻ֮ͬڶ̶̵УĹ¡ĵĸпʵһѾ
֮ң
ǰɢؼһǺХʧˣȡ֮Ǻ޼ʵİաһƬǧ﷽ԲǹڰмȻǵþòʼį
һ֪ԼԽ鶯ȴϾܵΣֱǺ纣ķȥ
Ǻ纣ǧ֮⣬ƯһСĲǡ
ǲ֮ϣȻϥżӰһλ뷢׵ĵıϿӾ˫۲λͬʱһȻ
ת֮䣬һ˲ǵϷ
ϿɫĪӭµλǷ֣Ǹɢڳ˽䱸ļơ
һ·ĲǣűϿͷʾ⣬תǧתǺ磬̶ɢʶܣֱƬ֮ŴӰȻ䣬ȴĸԴʿȻģ
λӣֱߣΪڵĸ֣Ŵ翴ӦħǵʿĻӰ˵ǿƲĿһУִȴְ˼ɡ
ͻȻĻ۵ӲǱˣ˻ĵһʣħǵͬ˭ʶ
ϵܡ
λħʿ֮ʣϿȻǼλҲԼƽϡϵ㡭ַ룬ɫ꣬۹͸ЩɻֵԵѰ˴
һ˫أƻǺȥƵλħʿܣһʱҳ۹һӣתڼıϿϣɫ΢΢һ̣ЦһҪѯֳɣ䵽˵ľء
Ͽòɣϵȴɪƣߴ׳΢΢ͣȻ״
ֵȥģɱħǵľɳԼצ֮ǰҰɱ˱һٿ˶ħǡ˵ֳвȣһ·׷ȡ
һȻѯʣȴ֪ǰȱϿӦ赭дֵ򲻸ˣǲаֳȻʹ˻תǰԡǵǡ
ɳħǵĳϣΪڵΪѾõĸˣһȺɱΪߣȡ˼᲻ɴݵħǣ
λħʿס漴кٴ˺ԶԶ㵽ʮİ֮С˵ǧ򣬻ԼҵҪ
ϿͬǾһ΢΢ݡһķΣмһħǣΪ𾪣һΪ˴ԼȻͿһ·׷ܲڣ鲻ԽʧϵܣΪ֡ҡ
һˣͻȻ״ΡթѪȣȴû˵̹塣ߵغĪڴˣ
һϿʧ̬ҲЩ⣬źۼذ˰֣ЦҲ˳Ϊˣֳ黳ĸħʿţǰ˼ֵЪϢһ𻰲١
ϿæԶ
һЪϢ֮ʣȻķĶǰƬǺ纣أתݣвϷɳǵĲʯҷŵĺ⣬ת˲׹밵յʧ١ԶûĺҹǳʶҲԿͷ
ƬǵУ˵ǻ硢鶯ʱľɺ׳ۣܼ纣д˳ơ
Ͽиж̲ס˵ˣǵѰ
ѶΣڵϦϿΪвʧֻЭѵԡⲢίȫԵɣؼڰŵ˷ǱѰĺôԷ׿ŵֻͶϹ˳ɷϹصľžڶڵ˵ͻΪһݾΣԵֵջ
ڱϿ踺صʱҶǶʦֵܣǳ׽ħһͳ˻ĵĴơ׷ɱò״Խ鶯ȴ򱼲֮ǣƣŲòʹֹЪϢĲ£λħʿ顣˵飬޷п֮ʵˣ
˺ִżλϣԼʮλڵĸ֣׷ɱҶǶʦֵ磬ʹβȥֱգ׷˫ʼղת
ϤѴԽңв³Ҷн֮ͼ˶ڶ˼ɡ֮ϵܹһ˲ա
Ͽ˵˴޳Ͽҵص˵ͷ˫ֵ֣֣ϵΪǧ𣬲ǿȡħǣĶɾ͵ۻʴҵ಻Ҿʹиڽ£ȻǶĳŵŲɡ
һĬĬϽ«ȴûƵ£ֻ۹ķ˼
ĸħǵʿʼղҿȴĴҵضʮİжǻȥ֮⣬Ȼͷų̄ĵ
һϿٳ΢΢һЦֳƬ̣ſ˵ֳܷһȰ棿
ϿԵȴӦûӶ룬æϵܵ˵޷
һعͷ˵̻תģĪٲ
Ͽ΢΢һ⡭
һ˵Ϊ֣Ѱžִ죬һԸˣνľ죬ɵֳǰںܰݣ
ϿɫʣΪѽǴžֻ޻Ե¶ҲһֱĿԡΪ˶ڣʹֹǰһԶ޷Խĺ蹵ǰ죬ѰתȻˣ˭ֿ״ټĻԵأ
һϿģϣһ£ʵҴнֳ֮⣬ҪԸΣ޴ӵ֪ʶֳһǧĵľԱ㡶ʾݼˡ


1456 ŵؼ
ʾһܵۡ
Ͽͷһ
ʾɵϷ䣬ǣ˻ķƲԹش˵ѵֵҪɼиԼ̫ڽ⡭
һȴٶ˵ϥӰȻնȥһ̣ѳʮ⡣
λħʿԶȴͻȻԲҪ漴ڰʧȥӰ
һδգǼǰȥ̧ٳ˽һɴСĲʯӭ淭顱бѱͷȥβʯ״һٿȻأ˱Ͽʮ⣬ֺȻһʯŻ²˼
ϿԣĿȻ
ĸħǵʿµټԼָνֵܾȻʯ£⣿
һƬָ̣㡣ǰԶʯȴ޶ֻһεĽ̺ǿķڰ΢΢˸ֱһʱ𽣣һƷ
ϿֻۣþȺ
ʱ
һͣЦ̧ʾ⡣
Ͽæ˹ȥ̧۴лǲɫɻ
ǿʯʯ״Ϊӣͨڶ⻬ɢâϢߴıԼɳ˳߿һ߶Լɼн֣ʶ֮ȴʲôȻһͨͨʯͷ
ƽǲ򵥣
ʯµķʶӡǣΪ澭롶һܲǧǶԲľԿһĴ治죬ǿп飬ı㽫ͬʯһ٣мǡ
ȻоȻġʯǧĴӲ쳣ԼƣǶ뾭ģַһɶõı
ϿȻ֮ʣһ˵ģ֮Ҫͻ£ֳɽ˱µľԸǧҽ˶⣬һԪӡӵȳϡ
һû˵ĳŵʯĵľҪ壬Աǧĵĸλհ졣ֱϿ޷ҪֶԷһѡǶġǧģ˾ٿʼգ
δ񾭡롶̫ؾóԵͬĪ⡣¹̲ʿɶֹͺã
ֳǷ񻹼ǰ죿
Ͽֽӹȣѯʣ붼ѿڶֶȻУֻ
ͷʯǰǧģؽܵӽҽãĵĸֱ˲֮ͻΪˮɡȻˣֺαظðնǰأ
ϿųڣֽסɵҶ֪ʾĴڣưոݡԣħΪС֮⣬鷳
һӵվΧŸߴµʯŲӡ
ⱲҪһʯףҪΪԼһȴѣĹǷǣк˵۶
ϿһΪò⣬תʾϵܣһͬأԱǰԡǰΪ𡭡
һվ˵ֵȣӵҲѰ졣´ʱҲ˵һ䡭ϿüһȻֵȺħ޵ĸּȻ˴ת仰ţɫȻּᶨ
Ͽסһ־ź룬ŵϵܣƾһ֮аֵʤ㣬óȻ⣬󡭡
Ҳǣ뼸λħ޵ĳϣҶλѾõħ𣬾Ϊ߳ĵľ֣Ī˵Թѵǿ⣬ʹҲռ˰һȻҪȥԸ׺ǿУʵ
һֻ΢̶ЦЦ
ǡڴʱԶðһӰңң󺰣ϴ󡭡
ͬʱһһŮ
ϿȻһæ˦Զǿ鴣ʯ˲ʧ԰Ĳͷʾ¹شڷ֮ǰ¶ȻƱ
һɫ糣ԶӰͷʾ⡣
ĲǱˣǻͷūö룬̨ҲӦþ˲Զ
ת˲֮䣬ӰԶ
ͷ𼱻ǰغ˵ϴѰˡףбϿϼһ
̬һǰֻӲʵ϶˼ַ˪֮ɫϴֵԼ
ū磬ҡҷȵ˱ҹһƹ⣬˻δ鲻Խ־ϲʦ
˵˸ǰΣ̸Ͽ˸к漴ѽһΧ˵䡣
һ˫ݴЦشǰˣº͵á
ūӰһѵʦԣСһ˫ǵľ⣬ȻʦǺк׳ۣԶԶƼ·أѲʦɽˣذмӵֳ
һͷһƳ˫ͫŵů⡣
һ˳˰ӣ̹ϵֵ飬޺
ū鶯Ատڲᣬ̸ֹȴ͸ζĪĸп
˲ͬľߣȻ
ϴһʺͷһ漴һѱסļͷ໺˵ֵܣҰȻŶ޴ʩȣҪΪͨá
ϡͿһ͵ҡΰѳȥ
һūҲ⧲˫˫㵡
᲻֣ȴҪ˭ɻͷǼһɲһ
ͷ˸򣬶ʱ˫ֶԭأɺ漴Ȼֹ֪ʧ̬ںؿһӱץ߬УֲֿΪ˵գߺߡԴԲתֵϿ
һ񣬱˴
ϿĿһֵط꣬һĽмӣȴӭͷѯʣһʱ֮䲻ַֻ˵Ǹδ䣬æָ̧Զ
ڴʱλߵӰһǰһ
ϿˣɫһݣʾϵܣСġ
һӦͷȴɹҡˣͷԼūҲǴģ
Ƭ̣λ˲֮ϣ˫˫⣺̨һˡʩֳűϿѵϿһᡭ
ΣϿȻ⡣
һʱ˵̨λͶͬĳַ
ϿȻȴ̲סҡͷ
̨ΪħǵĴ֮һĵĶڸ֣ȴĸԸһϵˡɴ˿һɾ͵ۻʰҵ顣ΪҪʾתиĪҪǰһȥˣҶҪŻ
Ͽ֮࣬ϵܣ㡭
һǿ͸˱Ͽ˼˵ֳֹ̧ĪСУ˾ٸϵźԼĴС·;תԷĴǣֵĳΪˣȴԳСŵؼֳȥǣβһ˵


1457 ֵ
֮ϣӰ
ĿűϿԶȥ
ϿЯžʯ֪ϵشûٳɣص鼱Ҵˡط鶯򣬲ʧеһ̣˵λҵҲˡ
̣δȥ
ͷūһֻٴγԸ
̨̲ס˵𣡱ϿȻָȥȥ򣬶޼ʣҵ׷ѰҲδܴ󳾡⣬˵鶯մ֮أǻǸӵ˷롣аĪ⣬ƹ죬Ҿܲв㽫Խһ
λȻ˳ȴǺͿˡ֪Ĺ˭Ҳ⡣
һ֮ûن£̧һץָ㶹С΢âʶ;Ӹǿָһʶܡ
ͷūվδƾһâʶ̨ȥץ˼
۵ʶ֮Уһ;ȥۣΪطӣȴҲӡĵǳմѰٵҲ߲ѡľͷͻȻжϣȻ
һ˵˴ԽĽݾȲͬȥۣмƽϡ
ūȻʦҪȥη
ҲǲϴԵζС
ͷֱ˵ǲɣϴͬС
̨ɻλȻǰ;ȴΪδʱóûͷûβѱ棬Īһ֣
һ˵ҪǰȥѰԼҶ䡣ͬУʱĪ˵Խ磬ֻ¸޴Ӽ˶ѱ˰֣ɵطԸѾ²˳١
ϴϴζ˵һ
ͷһɴɫϣҲóȻ磬һ˺ߺ仹޵ģȴʵ
Ȼµһ⣬ٶʡǰ;գϴϲ˵װӡ˸ֻңͷ˫֣ɫϴıǣ뻢ͷūȫҶౣء
ūǣһԣֻ˺󼸲ʩˮ˫͸ᡣʦǰʲôʱ˵ʲôʱһŮҲҲΪޥƽ⣬һ֮뻢ͷҲ谮ѡ
ͷūõ;ɡ
ļˣȻȻΡҲΨˣ˴˲ڹؼʱж빲ûԵ޹ʵĸεգ֮ǰԣΪ£뽲֮ǳԵСҲ޷𲹡ôζߣҲ˵Σپͨ˭˵ֲһ־أ
뻢ͷҲū˼Ƭ̲֮ס˵·ȫѾָۣǺá۹һƳԵ̨ŵͷ͡
λΪι˳ȻΪ˾졣ֵ·ȱȫԸʵ֣ʱ֮ʣҶλħǲпѱ硣Ȼϵǰ;ʱ˵ס
һ̨ɣΪ裬˵λľ;ҲԴԽرݡݶԷʣֵʹݱ𣬵ʱԼλĪĳǣң԰գ̤Լ漴ͷҲؼ۶ȥ
ˣûʲô˵ˡ
̨˸ɫҪ̡ȥ;ʶ֮УֻѰǰбɡŻͷūһڿն˼æ
һ˾ʹ˷ֿȥͬ
뻢ͷֵūԼֱ̨һܿǺ纣ػȥ
һֱǺС
Ǻ纣ǧķԲʯֹҷǺ糤̸죬էȻһǽУֻǶ˰ҫĿĺĪΪ˹ʣʶѿߡʱͻȻУʱתʡȻ֮䣬Ȼһʱѱ淽ң
һֻһ·ǰΪСĵرܿʯ
Ƭ̣ѽӽеĺĵشΪӦ޴Ǻˡ壬˭Ǻ纣ĵ侹Ȼһ޵Ĺâкڰ׻ƣ˴ݣȴлͫۡǬ
һûɣԴĹâգ֮䣬졣ȥɣȴڴҴ֮ʻһƳ
Ͽžʯǰһ̤Ϸ̡ͷūˣҵѽԶ
ѰգĳڿԷſֽŴһ
ĳˡҶ˴ʤδ֣ҿ˭Ӯң
֪;ֻһҪĪĻѰ֣ס
ͷµıϿһԼȥķعšΨǺתϢһǧ龰δʱԶоȻɳһһĹâת֮䣬âʧ漴ֳӰеӺ뺷ŮӺƻȴй˼ɣֱƬ֮󣬲Ÿ˿ȴֽסִ
ײʦ֣գ
ǣ㲻͵ػתλʦֹ
ߣҲŲأĺˣԼȥǣ

Բԣùҡϴֺ׷˴
⡭ҰգȥΪֵķԸ
ٺ٣һΪϴ֪׷һ
ʲź
ôأҶǱأǴʦҲ⡣вΪ֪
˿ݣ壬棬ǰĬʡ
˱ã·Ҫ
ţϴ˷ֵУΡ
ѽҵָΡ
ö룬Ǳ˵һһŮǶǡʦ˸ӳģԭŸǧѰǲǡ;˵ħǾޱ䣬Լǰ鶯Ĵţ̲סһ·ո֡ǲһֵˣٿԴ̽һ´ʦֱϿİΣ״
㣬̤Զе̡
Խ鶯ʷҶսԲçײƾ츳ͨо䡣׷Զȥ֮ԶԶŲΪʦֱϿڣ֪ʦܡʦӳıȻֱ֡һʦȥ鲻Խ嶯ҲƲסһͷǾ׷ϴȥ
ֻһԼֵܵķֵУһʱûš
ʦ֣ҲСͷǼһȻɶȴҲȤˣᣬһ߷ٺ١ŤߣԵüΪܣһϮƮ裬˸ֻ欣
ǳ࣬˵ϴһˣв⣬򽫹ԮС
̲סѿڶأǼһﶼϴ󲻹ܲˣֺαӣĪǱɡб¶Ǿʦ
δ⣬ǳɵ⡭
ǳû˵ʦ֣ݵ飬һѰͷټ


1458 ޳
һǺУ硣
ǰããҹޱߡУѱ档ǰͣٲǰĴ
һȴǺᣬֻȫɶݡ
ǵ伮أͼʾˡ顱ʱ춯֮⣬Ҫִ봩Խ鶯ɴ˿ɼΪʼղĳ֣̫ԶԵʡ
⣬ӱϿе֪ҶԼˣǺ纣ᴩֱжȥ׷ǻˣֻѰ١ͬΪħ޵˫һΣʵЩ档ܾˣĳʰо֡
һһˣȻź£ȴҲûͻԲߡ
֪չȥ
ؾ찡ۺģȼָ
һ·æǰͻȻһ⻪˵һʵĹ⻷졢ͻȻȴּΪ΢ۡвֱӴ͸ǵ⻪ǲϼζֱƬ֮żȻܾͣ죬ٲȻһƬ֮С
Ī֮䣬Ѵ˻
һֹסȥƣǰ
ǹ⻪δʧߣǧķһ޴ĻԲǡֵѿǣɢʵĹ⡣ۻɷֱ棬ʶ֮ȴһٲȻһݣΪߣǹ⻪ڻתǣ֮£ⷽ޵ĵͬһʵĹâתӦԼ֮У뵡
ԣ޼ʣֻǧ֮һŻľ󣬻ΪãȴҲ侳У
һԶƬ̣Ѳ͸ߡҪǰУ漴ֳ
ټһضתĪ˵ֲȥ򣬱·޺ۼҲѭ֮ǰ;·ֻҪײˣҪѰĲף
һټŸ·ֱŵŹâȥ
ŹâСһתɬҵĸлɢܵΪһ壬عѭϢԶԶ֮Ϊ졣
һٽâ漴˲ػ䡣˳ȻʱŴءվȵ˲䣬ת֮УʹʹâҲޣȴǰδеĸ֮
֮أһСʯͷԲ⻬͸µĳǳĲɣҲѰȴԪ̫֮ԼĪұӿ̺֮ⷽļƽȻ˼䣬ʹĪ¶ؿ̩ɲǣ
ǻʼľ󣿵Լ·𣬶˴ѭ˴Žء
һ˼
ʱվص룬㲻⣬仯νڵ죬ƻŵĻ䡣֮䣬˻һ塭
ѵû仯Եֺηһ
һ˫ʩʩȻϥ꣬һٿȻ塣
ͬʱ֮С
أԭأƵȴһɨЦţھȻûмݣʹЦЩɲ
Զ֮⣬վĸӡ֮ǰرϿĶ֣էȻز⾪ţָ֮Ծϲѣ˭ûƬ̣Կ಻ԣ
һ֪µ˶顭
鳤ϣҵħʿ˼Ӧϵá
£޹ء
鳤ϣͬΪħޣշ
죡ӽ޸ϵ˼İˣȾҪӷԸǸģ˵
ǰԪӣ볤֮Եһͬѣؽ跨
ȻȬ룬ȴǧ֮أҪʹռһ˭Խܣȴ޷ѼеˡǸһԼҲֻͻȻˡŲܶԷ˭ֻǲһֱ쳣ϸˣǲ˵ķҲ϶һ㣡
ž
ǸԳưԪӵ˻û˵꣬׽һĶе˳ȥͨأߣСûһö
ԪӲǿǱأŻӣǻίһͷˮڶԷûɱ֣һҲᡣҲɫ԰׶ѣȴС޹أǵλ϶ŭأ
Ϊޣʰ˻ڻ¡ʷߣմ󡭡
֮УֻǿʩչڵΪԪԭͲһǵ쾳硣ֻҪ⣬ʱԽԷ
ָȥȻҳ룬ǲ֪ν
飬ȻЦݡ˵ִܾ³ʹһĶдиĹۡԻ̧һָǸªģ
Ԫ޹ʹµ˾ʧְΡ˴޿ӡ޿ɱܣָǺã
еһλ߼ָԼŵһ£æʷƽӡ棬̻ǰסֵ̧˫գʱƮݣģҲ̸ϳªɡ
ʹʹӣһ㣬ɵأ⣬˵˵ſ죬ЦЦϵ͸Īɫֵ˵˵㷲׼еƩ䣬ģôУȵȡ
ǣǷļҳˣþˣɷ֮鵹Ҳ
ʷƽӵշԸ£¶Цݣס˿Էʻ֮΢΢һʧ»գ¹һˣڵ䡭
еĶ֣޲֮áҷ֮ʿȴ쳾Ī˵䣬ֻеԼǲˡʶλʷƽӵҲʵʵ˵Ҫ֪ר֮ˣûе¡߼ΪѰ
ž
һĶͻʷƽӵƨɻδȣշ˳ȥ
شˣû⣬ʢŭȻɵõҲ˵֮Ϊӣʵô򡭡˵һ룬˼ҵıʲôôǵˡ
ʷƽӵڵأԩˮ鳤Լıնˣƾɶˡ
λ֣һԡµλġ
֪ˣĵıϿԶԶȥ˭뵽ǸһڶţǾ˵롣ڴˣöܡΪߣҪźһ޳ķ鳤ϡ˷һ˵ã
ȴ°Ȼ۹ֶһˣЦǺǣǸͷĿС˶ٺ¶ûаŮû͵ӡ
ĶʿһΪߣһΪˣסɫѡ
аŮ͵֮٣Ȼ¶˴˲ݣͷĿָΪ˭
ûӦɫһҪ֮ʣ֮һѲ졣ܷƱãӿԴԴϵ֮ƿնɲǣ绺仯ǧɽ֮䣬졭


1459 ȥʱ
þ֮ڰ
ȣԪʷƽҲλͬȻ
ǧ֮أ﷽ԲұĪƣʿ˵̫С޴Ųշתֱûȴа֮ɽʯ¡𡢵ԶɰʣȻʹһִӱнѳ泩⣡
⣬֮ĪأھҲ洦
ţȻĴһٵطˣһʹҲ췭ظ
㵹漴ԭίβ𣬾ԽԪˣת֮ǰһɽ֮ϡ
ССɽ𲻹ʮɸߣʮɷԲʯ¡ɣڵߴϣмָ֮ơ
ɽϥΪص˵ͷȴҲû֮ǰǲ漴˰ĿǣӸµһ˵˵¡
̧ͷİԪӵ˶ʱصֲпǰ
£öңԶ˭ǵá
һ֮У֮£һ𷨾Ŀ
ǬȻ
ʶеĽѴ֮ǰɷԲǧСα仯һƹƶ硣еĽƱݣҲ޴Ӳµĵƹ֣֮Լеĳʼڳ߹ģ
ʱ⣬Ž繵ͨҪ֪ߵԴ޶£Ϊӡ֤ջ񡣶ӿ룬ųɳεĽէȻѡӤӭ㳤չѴִ˺üȦȥʵޣ
ֻ
һӾ˫ۣɫ͸żΡ
ڵܣٲ֮ǰӿֵʻ⣬Ҳü΢תķޣҲľУòͣ±ĽŲǽ̺ӵ֮Ϊ֮ôԼĽѽɴ
һŪǰֽסҡ
㲻ͣɻ֮ؽΪɹۡȻˣǰСȿѰܽԼ磬νһã
˼ƽϣվȥķֻ̧̤ȥйâŤӰʱһ缲۶ȥ

һ˺ǷƵʡǡؾǿдƱݵĶڳʼƾΪͨҲ϶ɳˡ
ת˲֮䣬졣
һڼзŻȥơ
ΪǰӦ֮ǰ£ȴྶͥ
ĵ֮£ɽ䣬ľɭɭϪˮɽϵĲԼĴ̣ٲȻһԶ볾ڡԶԶһۣ굴ӶľȻɾ
֪鶯ΪңԼĽصĻþȻһζİ޼ôǰľֽչֻζʲô
һӲΪᱻԻ
ǰ龰ǴΪⲢɼط˹ȥ
ɽϪˮƵɽϣһŲݡ
ݺľܡǰĲݵϣһİŮӣʯϷɹʰ쵵ҰָæµȴһƳС϶Ȼ񾲵Цݣʦ
һ۹ŮӵϣɵӦūųڣŵأ漴ֻܶɫɻ
ŮӾԼĵӣūͷѰȥ·Եֻڴʱ˵أ
࡭
һĴӲԶĲдǶϤ
ߣͷϸö١
һӹǰūʯԴ漴̧ѭȥ
ūأţżֽ鱧Թ󣬽ҫū֮࣬Ƴٻ㾫ǰ׳ǣɻȡ񾧡˴٣Զ֮󣬻ǶꡣʯûôΨиΪ񾧷ɽƿ̣ʹҵȵΪֻʩչһɡڶޣԼʤĸ֣ʵʴӣʱ
һ²ͣȴ̲סͷ
׳ǣʲôطĪڣƾһɵΪԱ
СȻ뿪죬˵ĪǾǺ֮ϵɽ죿ɾһڣԼҼ˵֮أԭ˳ūˣһ߶СŮˡ˵ǲٳּСˣпϾ㲻Թӵļѣȵȡ
һһݵǰվסڱǶüͷ
ݵŻ󳨣һĿȻͷһ޹ǽ֮УΪģֱž̳ӣһͷŨҵľŸȳ˱ǶŻǼһֻʣ˶СɵΪȴȻҶֹʱʱ鶯ſˮǴڻֻǳĶ֮С
¡
һ޺ƿնܷɳʯ
һ˺Ŀӡ
ֻɽ֮³һͷδĹޣɣͷβȴɣһӲĻɫףݺ⣬ѪԵüΪߴ׶ٲȻһͷ쾳ıȴһλŻ۵׳ΪޣжڴɵΪ糾͸ű뺷ƣкϴ󡭡
ūлͷ޶׳Լֵ
һͻͷޣһʱĪԡ
ǡڴʱкһӰǴ˯ĻͷΪ˳ֵٳɷЦ˵ֵܣԵγٳδ飬ˡЦδ䣬Խһֱڵķݺȥ
ȴǺ⣬һԡ
ͨ
޺Ȼء
ͷֱɱ˹ޣһȭһ֣ѽټ˺һ̲ݣſȻɡѪ븹ʳһ٣˦ѪֵѪʵζΪ󲹡ϴū
ūᣬתŪʯϵİٻ
⼸£ѽ޸Ƥ޹ǣȴֻ¾⣬µ龡֮һ档ʰ׵Żͷա㡭
ͷЦ绨ǣֱ̧㽫һɽµĿյϣ漴һæµ̰ļƣֻǧʳһġ
ǰһƨڲݵϣ漴ּΪƣչŻ˿ųһ˵ϴҴ˷꣬ս׳̽һ顭
׳ǣӦɽеһ˾ۼĵط»νĳǣ˭ߡ
һûӦⲽһԶվ
ܵԶɽصӣççԲԣͬס˰죬ʶҲԽֻ컻£ȴж߲˼Զ볾ֽҷ
֮ͬʱɱ֮ĺ׳ﻺ𣺡ĺ׳ǣǱУʱǳڵΪڶɽٶϾҵֻɳûȡȫǡһ֣ٲ˱ϢҾʹķչԵزڻ¡ɽ죬ؽΪֵУֻ
Ҳ˾죬ѵĳ֮ʣĻвԺĵһıǶءʱգиΪҵѪȷķ
һڴ˼䣬ȴʼľʱ˿̣Ǵ͡
˵ȥʱ׳ץסһһŮԺġ


1460 
ȥʱǽꣿ
ݵϣһϥ
̬糣ǺЦΪпԵʯ壬Ұĵ㣬ɽķ羰˵Լūż߶ƳһɽæµտĻͷҲһ˼䲢ȻԵõģ
糣£ȴҡ
ڴǰ鶯ĻþУµĳյĽصĻ򣬳ر仯֮⣬յ龰չ֣һԤ뾯ʾ
ΪȤǣԪ۵ĴԼɵоű䣬ȻĳйءԪۣɣֶĳǳԭػһȦʼʼǸԲȦǴԽǿգŷֲǳӼеһССУں嫵Լõ˵дʼյ㡭
ȻĳĪꡢǧ֮ôǰһУǼڵʵ
ū߶߶СŮˣ˼˵ĹܼţͷȻǸ̰̰˯Ĵçص׺뾫䡣ǻع˱ɫֻ߳У
ľЩϡѵȴԼĲңǹӵֹɱ¾ӦϣԼľˣʵۻҶӦӲϾ
˵ͣԤг̡ͷһտһʳæòֺūСţҪʦͬС
һɣֻĬĬǰϤİһС
ֵƳ⣬ūο䣬ѯйغ׳ǵ飬ȴǿ֪嶯þ԰Ρָ꣬ξ񡭡
չȥ
뻢ͷ׼׵뺷ɱɽꡣ
ūҲó˰ٻƣҪΪʦ׳СΪãֻ¿ңŽִǺ׳Ǿа·̣Ī⡣ʦأĪūǹҡ
һʼվŴˮﰶɪɪݶѩǽ߶ԶĵļֻزϢ
δ̣ɽꡣ
һƳŷǸӰԭء
ȻƬ̣תĬĬǲݳݺɵİûҲδ뿪
任ڰ
һƯڰУûмŴܵΣֻĪس£ת·ȴ漴նĬĬҡҡͷ
֣˵ǽƻþ˵ˮʵ֡ԼǡôҵգԵĿһİ߲ӰǼ٣ǷڡǼ޹ؽҪֻںһḷ̌;еķ羰
߹ˣˣҲˡ
ʹǰȻĪ⣬кηĳ᲻ͣȥֱ̤һҲִţ
ʲŵĻþеʾյľ֮עѪɱ¾ôĳҪδѡǰļƽаϣƽɴ˶
һסٴγһǰֳһƬƬʬɽѪֱþ֮Ŵӷҵ˼ƽ
ڵİգޱ޼ʡȻʩչʶҲããбߡķųºĪ⣬ȫްֵ鶯֮Ȼǻδ龰ٲֲָҹԼΪһĿķˣֻĿѰС
ɻ֮Ա׳Լ硣ǰΪף
һƬ̣ѡһֱȥ
ǧ˼룬縶֮СֽΣӦҲˡ
ǰвԶͻȻеӭϮ
һס˸սæתסȫ
⻯һĹâͬһֻӨּ͵ĳ롣˷֮£ǾźˡǿŰȴ޿ײ룬Ũҵֱ겻
һ죬ӳַܵĹâٿȻġɣڵľȶʱ⡣Σݣӭǰ
˴δδػһ̶ˮлȴҲʱһС
ʱܵĺܼ񣬱ڵף䳹ѡ
һֹסȥƣһʱ㵲ѣæٴǿʹȴЧ΢
Ũҵǵ֮ɵմΣֻҪ˰ʱɽ˳׶ᡢֽΣ޴
һգӳֻ巨ͬʱɣһ߳˫ּٿȻɳɷ׻δˮʧ١Լͽ޹סһ
ǰͬĻþ˳أΪ򲻹ˡ˭ͻɲǣ⧲Ϊ̺֮޼Ȼ֮졣ȴܲգѰ

ǡڴ˼ʣܾȻڽ˸Ĺâ֮УŰѭŷ϶ӿ
һϾ룬ɫ˲ȫ֮ͬʱȫ׷δƣѱҹٿȻһƲɣٳҿȴͽǱæҡ
ãͨãҲãѵĳҪ˴
һܴ죬ҿ޲ߣɵͣΨɫ͸ŲĶ־
ǿǿħ裬û֮µ͹ͷⵢĶ̶ʱ֮ڣסսŵĵ۶С죬ʱ˺ѿ߰Լ֫ٺǿ׼Ӳβп֧šǳǵĺȴֱ͸ʵʹ
һжȻ˸ͫķšĪ˵޻ɳˣǻ۶תͽʴӡǴ裬֮Ȼ֮˲䣬ܵķȻһ١Ǭͣͣʮء
ףִټһԣЧ
һδüңŽͣٴת֮Դڻ޼ǿбۿֽصޣ˫ͻȻâ˸֮ӰöϣһɽڿմȻơ̤ա
ת֮䣬Х֮УǧɷԲͨ衣
Ժлצҡͷβ֮ǷϵİĿٲȻǾ֮ƣ
ɽ֮ʣǡ֮ʱŶοھŲ㾳磬ֱΪħǷԼ˲㾳һʱһǧ˰꣬죡
һʵǵѣȴһٳƻ磬ʵеһջ۲ͣʩչ֮֮ڿշ裬ǳҹɫлһ⡣ٵػڽ񳯣仯㣡
ǡڴʱǰĻðһ


1461 һѾ
һ΢Ĺ⣬ȴǧɴСɢʵĹâէȻڰ֮УԶԶȥĿ
ΪߣŹâоȻһʮɴСԲʯһ͸ѣݶȻһ塣Ϊǣǲʯ֮ϻϥһλߵӰ
֮ͬʱ߻ޣֲÿ̤աᴩ硭
ɽԽգ˲ѵ˹âĽǰ֮â˸ʧԳһıģ
ʹâܣڷ纮Ȼڱӿݣȴ֮رܣ˵Źâ̺˵Ī
Ŀһı仯ɵ΢΢죬ɻˣ㾹Ȼ޺壬Ҿ粻ףĪԾ졭ȻɣȴƮȻһлӰˣüĿҲ뷢߰ף̬ϣƻɣ
һվڹâ֮⣬һʱ֮šԶԶλߵʱ򣬱㰵档֮ٴԷʻסʧǡħʡ
΢΢һ˫΢΢ˣϵϷ򡭡
һõӦȴûŻЩŵҡҡͷ
ң뵱ħڣþ֮УħٹһʯйʵȻǵΪǾǺλۻʵķӦ÷ֱΪԼۿмʵķ֪һв
νʵԶźĵɵС˵޵еͼڣζɡħߴڡⱾǡ񾭡徳磬ȴѿйأ׸
ߣ̬ȻʶȴδͼӰʯֻɢƣһλħ޾ˣ̬ĻＫΪ֪Ʋ⣬Ժģǲħʣ˭
ʱͷһĲ²漴Ӧ顣һߵģȴʲô¶
߱˽г䣬֮󣬾Ȼܣˣηǰ˵һɫɣЦЦֵַ˴δ֮ʱһء磬Ϊ֮ߣ֮ν֣ʹ壬Ҳ⡭
һûӦֻ
߾Ȼħʣδˣȴôһؾ꣬ʵ޴ǰԵαһƹ»ش˴ɻʵۿԼںڣĪҲ˲⣿С
ħʣһľٶϵЦӴݣٴγǺǣ˵ϷӦںĵСɡܽǰǣϷ¡ָ̧ķųߵĴģŷ˵δ֮ʱػһﲻ棬˵ȻգжȴҲࡣ˼仯Լ֮
һеĻڷļӳ촫Ȼ漰ҪϸҲ档
һ˼
ʵĹâͬһ޴Ưڰ֮Сܻ֮ȻӿݣӰȴڸһ͸ıңңһһʵһһ٣˵Ϊ졣
ʶϷȻȴҲ෽ڻ֮컯Ի֮ʯ
Թ˵ƾʯضǬСɣԡʱգټĻչ£Ǻǡ˴ΪοǸһЦ˵ˣΪ֮ʿħƵϷİˣ˴Եš
ڴʱʯǧɹâȻҡ¡Ǵ˳ܵĻ֮ʱ
æֻ裬ӳ֣ߴٵٽǰĪϷв⣬Ī
һҡҡ׹ʹâֻͷܣٲɣһ׵شݡ֮˲䣬ɵЦٴ𣺡Ǻǣʯ磬Ҳ
ߣ޵ؽ硣ǰڲˣƾʯĻ֧֮һ硣߻ͨ쵹ҲԡߣݣĪ⣬ȻֻǧɷԲȴѾ߱ĳΣи֮
һԶֹ˲ԲʯĲԶվΡ
˫ֲδͣ£ǼܹâǧɷԲٿȻɵĴС̧һָ˵˴ƻ粻֣ȴҲб仯ֻ⣬Ѱ
ʹâʯ磬ɴС㲻ټڷʹǰѸƯơһ͸꣬ӰԼԲʯɼޱ޼ʵĻ֮ȴԵüΪС˵һөϢҹա
һǾĬĬʩΪ
֮Ув֮أħʼȻڴ˴ãϤڵΣΪβ跨ȥ
ǿʯֻʮɴСɢࡢסࡢڡֹâ˲ʯİڵޱɾбз̺֮֡νĸڡɼ֮ʲô䵽㾳ء
Ƭ̣ɵһŹâֹסȥơԻȻһΪѵõȡڡ
δ֣ȴб仯ֻ⣬϶ɳˡ
𷨾ϵдſοЦ⣬ǧڲţνҲתһȤʣˣ˭γƺ֪Ժĵһ
һλݵߣҲǵһλŽȶõӰҲŽʵȹ̡
һƬ̣Ϊ񣬵Ȼвʧػصһ˺Сӣǰδ˵꣬һЦǺǣڣԲҾ翰죬Ѱ֮˵ǫѷ
Ϊħʣˣ۹ڡЦ󣬲δ⣬ǰ˰֣Ϊ͵ʾϷ֪Σ𻰡
ʯĵطȴݵˡ
һһЦ漴Ρ£˵ĵһ¡ʯΣ˵ǶԻ˵һֶš
һԾҾֹ΢Ц⡣꣬ɫ΢΢һп벻ľȻſǺηв֪ʦӺˣϷǷ졭
һڲʯ֮ϣ̲ס̧ͷ˴Գɽ磬ȻءȻɣȴšʻǰǰ˵ٻĳȻһޣȴɣ֮ǰǧħ֮
ЦݽգᣬȻΪǧ֮ҲͰˣħǡųڣȴ˵ͷ˲ѻָ̬Źеĸ˷緶ŲæʵһСѣܷ˵˵ħǵıʣ
һջ۹⣬̹Ȼ߰붼ֵħ֮䣬һѾǰΪĳپʹ˵٣



1462 һ
Ļ۵֮ʵٳԡȺףɴ˳֮á
ҿԭȥ˾졣Ǻ˱һڴЧ׷ξ⡣˭Ͻ֮УȻеħڶԷȻɣȴѸĲлصǾ便ʲôܲΪ֮ɻء
ʶǰҪϤĵ飬˵һ˵ǵ¡ĳйҲ㹻ϴ
еһǸˣȴڣֹȶƴӣοͻ콵Ե˵βö֪˽߶̸ǢΨһϵǣԷܿĲᣬ̵ֽĿʣ˵ȻȻ޴Ӿܾ
ħʾħʣֻʣһƲл꣬Ȼӵĸ˷緶ڿ֮һλԺܶԷײֻǱͼ벻⣬ֺηʵأҪ֪į̫ˣʲôԸı䣡
ȻˣϷ߶䡣˵˵۵
˰Σڿˡϵ̬УԴ׷䡣滺Ļ׻׻С۹⣬Ī
һϥ˫ֳǰȻº͵ģĽ̻塣
֮Уɡħʶ˴·˭ҲϷ˭һмɵҲദһգۿдԼ漴Ӧ˻򡣶֮󣬷żʶ˵ۿʵΪԼΪڣҲ徳硣ۿȴ徳磬ȴʼ¶Ҷ˴󾪲ѣֻܸʰ·硣ۿҲ󷽣ġʾԼ徳ľҪ壬ǵı⡭
˵һɵ£ϸӵĵ
ۿľΪѶģ̲㣬ϲ¥ǰѰٻԵҶԭμ穣Ϊ֮⶯ۿʢŵڶɽ֪֮Ŷ֮ΪգзŸԲǺҶ˱ֱӦħӡʽӦķšԼΣӦò޶¡ֻ
Ļ΢΢һ٣ʧ䡣һɫעɵĮȻһЦֵ֮Ϊ󹦸ɣ㼱Ҵ̤Ͼ֮У˭ȴʧءұȥ޾磬ʱСɣԻ£漴۹תʵСѣϷܷΪ󣿡
һϯ˵ˣ¼򵥣ȴҲͷβǶµǰǳһλħ֮ڣҲԸ˵Ĵ⣡
һʼʵʵţʱ΢΢ףʱü˼ٲȻһרעߡԷ԰ղʹ˷ʣδȻʧҡҡͷתޣΪֻ֮ȴ졣㣬ֵ˻֮šǰ˽ѣ֮С
˷˵ȴͬļˣֱӵҪͬߵ׿֤ԡ
ʼϲ΢΢һ
һȴǻһתΪ̹ϵ˵ۿɻԼʵľΣ޴Ӳ²⡣ǰܷҡ
ϤۿԼλ˾ǰ죬еһλȴڴ˴ǻΪһʡ˵³£֮еļѱضǳ˵˲ͬԵľǸ˺棡˼ֻ֣˵
ͻȻû˷˵£۹һʵԾתޣ֪Σֻطţк죿Ȼɫ糣ҡεӰз͸żĪļС
һû룬Ӧصתޣ˻֮ȡžŹһ֮⣬ǳԣȴ޳ֻ֮ȡ䡭˵Ҫͷͣ£漴ǫѷһЦҡͷ˵˵ǰŪˡСð
УȴͻȻûġԷ˵ҪȻס鼱֮Уоһ͵˫ֻ߶
֮ɲǣɵһȻɴС˲仯ۻƥķʯбӿգ۵ĹһŹ˸Ĺâѽһ˸Ӧ䣬ֻһеķΪǿĪĽ֮ڣ֫ã
䲻סһȻ˫˿漴һºʹݵĴģ֮ǰˣżɲǺЦǺǣ֮ãϷڵȵաǱ̫ãֻǳ̫ãٲǸھģǱһ׼ĶҰ
һԭأȫްѽ˶˵İڲֻͻת
йͷ˫ֺϷħȴ䵽˰㾳أһ˵Ѱ޶ԩͷծϷưոݣ
һƿȻ޶ԡȴǰһƲȻˮһ˿Īĸп֮ɫ
մʱ˺ʵһλԷֻǻ֮壬ȴԱˣһԭмҵ룬Ϊڽ̸ջ˭һº͵ĳߣͻȻ¶֮죬ʵ̾Ϊֹ˹۷ס
գ԰ȵ˵ǵۿʲôˣΪ֪תޡ֮Ϊ壬ȴȻɢ̫徳ΪơǿԵٲ統ָǬĵۻ𡣶һֻںһ֮䡣
һɣϵҲһ͸ֵʹâ֮ĳصĳǵۿɻʵĵͳˡûлرܣûзܣſڳԼȻ縺ۿĴУ㲻ܲһءǰǶԹĪ⣬ǵʱ벽
ڵۿɻʵΪΣȻ޹ؽҪ׼һ仰˶ݣ㲻װث֣
Դˡתޡ֣˾ϣԷ̹Ȼɵɫһ񣬴еȻˣѭӦˬɫĻμ尾̫ãټϼԼֵľѱһտ֮ȴͻȻӭתϲʧ̬⣡
һȴǲΪԹ˵ۿɻָһ·ǰ˽١ǱĻͷ䣬ʱһ߳ϷѿƵۿĹƣûѭУȴ롭ַתֻؾ粻ȣʧأ
˵һ룬£һ̾ں֮Ըӡ֮⣬ûŵۿṩ;˭֮·;ȵȡɫãƬֻ̣ԼľŶ֮δɰգҴǰһ̽ͬ󴳻磬³ҡϷ̿أȥʯԴۻǶͽ磬սӭͷ֮աֻǱ˵ۿ
˲ھħʣǱһ޳֮Ҳ˵һЩΪ֪ʵԼɵɻʵۿԶ߾졭


1463 ȻȤ
ޱߣһŨڶҹ
һŰɵĹâ΢΢˸ԶԶȥҹɫеһƻ𡣶ȼĲǹһɱһ͵ĹޣѾãڴѾã֮õ˻رͶһΨһ
Ӱҡţţ·˺ȥеαװ¶׶Ŀ
һǶɣҲһʧȥȡĿˡֻ΢̵ǣâ˫ԼЦЦ飬һǧƵᡣ˵ǵչͷĴ
ǴżεĿȰ˵ǰĳֻһˣյĶԹ޹ءȴμ棬ӡβһλӵΣħڧءĳ԰ǰܺùһľ顭
ǺǣϷطʱڧϢڹģֺʡ
ЦŻһȴǽŲضɷԹ죬һͷצĹޣһѪȶһڴѪɱ¾˴಻߰ɣת˲ѽߡһ޾ɫɵһ٣Сӣ֪Ϸ
һ֪ްֵĽң˫ۣĵش֮νߣ֮أλУֻܱɶֱͼΨмٽ֮
ȻŶ벻ѿ˽ڣֺηȫϷءΨ䣬˫ȴƲסЦǺǣϷ򣬸Ǻεȵңǣ˳ȡۿ϶ĴС
ֱʱ˷£¶ĿҲªȴҲʵ
ʣΪھĸˣ˴˼Ķթȴûͣ
ɻʵۿΪ˰Ѻ֮ǣԻ۵ΪڣԡʾԼתޡ⣬ƻʹħԼǷ֮롣һ֮£ԸԳ˵˵ľӪз
ħԼڵõˡתޡķ֮Ϊɽæӡ֤λջȻ󣬱̴Ҵ̤Ѱ̡˭Ͼתֻ֮׶˶֮࣬ʱڻʧض;ѡ
Լ³ң˵׹ֻ֮Сһʾôûˣʵ겻ѣ
ȴһ󣬽һƲлꡣʳ٣ȻԴʯȻھпһǿĽ磬ȴ֮ӻ
ۣǸ־һ߻Ե
ؾ֮ʱǡ󴳴˴Ϊǣ߾ǵۿĵͳˡҽǸһƭ磬ֻܽڲˡɱǣǿȡ˳ƶõۿĴжһѩǰܣνһٶá
˫ֻ裬Ҫ߶ƶɱ
ڴʱһӾ˫۲ɫڽ
죬Ͼ룬͵ץȥ¶֮ãղ
ˡ
һըʹâ֮˲䣬ϥӰˡ
һڵСȻ޳
ĿʧȻ͵̧ͷĹˣСӺڡ
Ϊ۹⣬ӵһ磬ֲһ˵α仯ΨʵȻԷֱ档
֮ͬʱٽɽİͻȻðһӰȻ̬ֿģһ˭ŽڵһƳҾǰߣ֣˭ϵħҲһ׼֮ͽνˣǺǡ
һ֮Ѱؽġǧķ꾭ˣʶԵֱ㣬κһİˣ¶ԷòȻ¶ԷΪħ𡣴⣬Լӵ磬֪Ŀ֮Ǳڿһ̶˼ƽϡֻܣ㲻õĶԷĽթ䡣ֻһƲл꣬Ѳǿ󡣵в⣬ҳˡ
һЦתߡЦУȻ͸żļȡ
ǰνˣӦģ黳أȻң⣬಻鱾ҵȻءȫ󣬼ǵۻ뼦֮ͽкֻͬΪͨԪˣʵȻȤҲ
ŲһЦкζֻ֪񳯱֮աǰҲû󴳴˵أΪöѱͼԷѻɢǽһСȴǾǿֻǶǿռطĶ¡
һӲ
漴һټһ׷˹δ䣬ڵʯԼŰɵĹâٿȻʧȴ˲仯һʵĺᴩն
һĶֻȫǰɱڴ˴ͨôûԷֵĵزƬ̣ɭɲĻ֮ӿĺڰȫȥ·
ڴʱϮڴ˴ص֮ã䲻öȴϤܵΣƴŲл֮־ڱصãҲȥѸƲɵ
һǰȥ
׷ᣬӰΡ
һҪףҪľæҡ֮졢֮ͣɷ׺쳣
ֻ֮УһŰɫâӰͻȴȥ·ѶǱһɳʷɺǽٲһ׺ĶֻҪ
һΡ
һıѾãݶǰˣȻ򲻵ááҪ֪ԷȻֻһƲл꣬ΪȴҪǿһĴƣԼʩչݷӲã³޴Ԥϣ
һǰȥƬ̣ɱֵϾ룬תŽʮɣŨҵ籼ӿȥһ٣Ц֮ڻ֮ȥ硣ιԶĪҪĳȫϷ򣬺Ǻǡ
֮ڻ֮ȥ磿ˣһ޵֣ͬԺᴩԽ죡
һתȻס
֮˲䣬һʺȻϮȻӰɭɱǸӵ
Ϧ䲻ݷ
һδʩչ죬ڴɲǣӰһΪͬģͬΪϵľҲǺ޶¡
Ϯʺһ٣ȴƲסִֿʧ漴Ȼ򵱼һ˵üʶȥҪǿΪݻٶԷ꣬˳ƶȡɾʹ˳ƻعң
һвգ֮䣬ɵʺȻûȻ޴Ӱʧȡ֮һƾðĹâӨӨҹǷ
ڴ˿̣Ӱȴǻ϶Ϊһһָ̬˳ƽǵâץУ漴һЦ׳Хʱɽƿնȥ


1464 
Ӱڰסȥƣʧ;һǰɫãȻ
ܾΪޣһȻһز֮֡䣬һƬͣ͵жʴӡ
һΪ׵׳뻢ͷеİӣūλߣȻ̨Ǻ纣ѲӰȥķǹȫ޶ڰֻþʹͣ£Ա鿴ȥ·ǰС
ǰƬ̣漴˼
ͷЩ꣬סµ˵磬Ÿ·Ҫݵĥĥ䣡ū˵Ҳǡ
ūƮȻ˽ǰأɫ񾲶һԡʦԼֵͬУضࡣΪӣ˳ӲӦеТ˴ദǢ⣬Ƕ˱м־ء۶Էִ֣Ӳ롣
̨ҡͷɫΡ
ûţ;ûͷûβףǲ֪ӺʼֽҵǺá
̨͵Լǣֻ˵ڼѮ֮󣬱ɰͼѰ٣½ʮգȴǲҰ
һһͣ޷ڽԹһڴ˴ûйҲ֮飡
ͷˣ߳ƨҼϴǲţСԱϴֲǣڵ٩ȡЦȴݲñ˵֡
̨ȴǲǻΪмŤͷ𴦡ǼɵʵᡣҲǣһڵĸˣὫһڵһԵʣֻѷﳤȥ
ͷǸˣȴҲǸﲻɳӵļһ仰˵ֵǫֹ̂ɫмһɱҪ
۹һæֹ̧ͷֵܣػضǿߣ˻߳Ƶء
ⷬΪٽȻԱȼһϴ󣬺ļٵģ
ͷתۺɣȴǱŻٴɫñڮҼϴֵܵɡ˵ŻͷԷ粻ֻܶ˼
ַ룬ҡͷЦǺǣҶðֵ⡭˰֣ƽϵģųƬֵ̣Ҷҳ޶ȴ¡ʻͷֵܣǡǰ;δָܷһ
ͷѵ䣬ȴϣɵ΢΢һתããܣԴ˵Ҳǰδȥأϴʹ죬ý
һ˷ֱһʶӡǣһ;ǴԽΨһȥ·ڴӺζʼָôӺζֹȴδ
ɫ´æ©⡣ֻǲ֪ľ;ԺηǷ󣬻ͷֵӦ֪ʹ˵˵Աһб޻
ͷһ̯ҡŴԴ޹ҲãִӺδ˵𡭡
̨תΪȻ˸ˣרжԴȡΪֵܣʵū֪̫ͣأĪҪѿ࡭
ͷɫһ漴Ҫ⡣죬Զԣһͨ죬ֱֻգͣȴֻܸɺߺ߶޴롣
ܱ뺷Ҳʧ̨֮ѾõĶ˱ǾΪǼıǴֶΣ˴˼仹̫ԶԷֻ򵥵ļ仰ȫ޶Ŵҡɴ˿ǿΪͨζһС
֪˵٩ûԼֵܵȴпѱ޼ƿʩʵЩң
λǰǸˣԣĺڡ
£Σ̨໥ɫЦʱū˵վڻͷԣԷ׳ߴĸͷеıӽС亮˪գԼĻȴ͸һȻƣŲæֵλǰǲżʦΪˣֺαؼ˳ӣĪֻųûͼ죬浱˺۲ɡ
ⷬͻȻһΪŮӿУĽ֮߳˵Ĳͼ֮⣬ǶԷƣҪˣ
̨ѭūŵҡҡͷ
һΪСѾͷ֪ߵغ񣬼ʦ˾ηĺҲֲָֻţ
̨漴ЦЦ
һ棬Լӵ֪ҲƽϡǽѯһԱ̽еʵǷԸ첻ȥҲա
ͷҲںش˵ū̲סͷԷΪߣ̬ȴϴļַ緶ϬԴԼȻɫʵһƶ˲ö룬͵һĴֲ޵ū˵úãϴҵֵܡףˡū֣֮ޡ͵һڣ̨˴ⲻɶū˺󡭡
ǵˣڳԿ֮󡣶쭣ūƮȻ˺ȴȹӶ̧һָȵʦ裬ΪӲʮɷɱˡ
ʮӰȻɭɱһ
ͷ۷Ź⣬֪ʱٳɷݵغūҿֶΡ
֮ͬʱ̨ĿɿڴԼͬ
˴֮󣬱æŲ鿴ʶе;Ͼˡ˭ǰ󲻹գ֮䣬ѰڿվֵĲçײĻͷ˵ū
ӻͷĿ̽ʵԱһĽȥ俴ֵǴçֻ֮ٷѿԸԳ뾹ȻһòŮӣ
ūСѾͷȴһĵմӡϺ˿ڳĸ֡Ҫ֪ʮӰʮλڵɷܣ̣ǶǼѶԸ׺ڡ
ūʮɷס̨δŷѣǳ棬漴һԲСᡣ
ͷǻ磡˾ϲ⣬ġ
̨Ȼߣȴͽ鷳æʾūҪŭͷֵĪᣬֵҷ˵Ҫ֣˴û˭ס˵ȥ·ˣȻҪһСʧΣѰǴеҪ֮¡ȻһСѾͷǲ̵һʱƽ˾
ĿһУȴūŭࡣӴлϤԭίԽͷū漴ˮŲԶΧ̨˵УޡȻλԼˣʹ˷ֵ𣡡
֮νͬΪı
뻢ͷū۹ʾ⣬ٲ໰תߡͬʱ䲻̧ץüʶ˳ָһһϸϸĹâٿȻǰȻ΢ȴ;ָ
ͷߺ׷˹ȥūʮλɷܸٿȻ롣
⼸䣬˭תۼᡣʱɫлڲȴȻһϲ


1465 δ
֮밵գۻޣһӰһʯ֮ϡ
ϱգڰ֮ǰĻǿԻֻǲ֪Ǻη
һƬ̣סЩãȻ
ͬΪһգȴԶƯŴСʯΪֵǣʯڻƶǱ֮ǣγһʮĹֻǰ޾Һмˮ˻ֻһʯͷҹɫ˹šԽߡ
ʩչʶȥһƬ˯ѵءڳ٣ķ޼һһͬĽں϶ɡδб仯вϵĻҪԽ뾭µӵԼĳֻأ
·Ĳߡ˵ĳ˵ܡԸ뻢ͷһ˳
һ̧Զ͵ض
ǰ˵;ʵ֪Ψһȥ·١ֻʶӡ׷ѰָǰС֮ûоʹ˵ǿйؾ̫û̽һνԡĳȣͷı뺷ūǣҲ;ҡ
ʯʮɴСݵһЪϢ϶ǰƣм˳⡣ҰΣݣǻͷ˵ʱˣ
ɵ֮£ʯĴϴݲʶԶȴҰãã޼ʣٲȻһƬڣ
ƮѲֱ֮߮ǽסɻء
˴󷨣ȴ£
Ϊһʶһٴݻ꣬ɽָΪ˭ǿûŵСӾȻзƭԼһ塣
СӵأܲηϷ¶˰ɣ
εͣʼѰһӰֻþʹգתֱһȥ裬ɵóǰããɫ㵡
ããھ컶翵˷羰һݣ
Ҫ֪ԼҲ޵ؽ磬䲻ʮ﷽ԲȴԼͷҹĻ֮ʯǿǿŵաСֻһСд컯
ģӵн磬˿ٵصĴͨʹСӵһ޾糬ΪȴԶԶͺ󣬶Ȼ硣ĻֹֻʴڣлԵ
Ұοȴֺɲתֱʡ˲䣬Żȥơ
˴ǰңϵ£ȥ·ͭǽڰһ֮⣬еĻ֮ķʼؿ̩֮ף
ߣһС֣סϷ򲻳ɣ
ûģԽΣ˳ֻӶȻҪǿƽ
ԭҲǵۻĴڣزع֡أһΪĸˡѣһ֮ѱ˸ˡʲô壬ԣǼٵģΨǵƲĴ
ֲӿвʩӰҡβ΢΢һ޺̾һٿȻ䣬ϥɵϢ
ǰˣȻɵ֮֮ƴ׷϶ʹɱ֡˵ϵһȴȥ˴ΪҪǿƽȻġҰգʹ˵صĻ֮һ
һŭˣؽʱ򣬼Ϊ϶Ӳɣ
֪䣬չȥ
Ծָ֮߰˳ɣɵϢ漴˰֮СܰɣʼûӰ֡ţǸһ¶ͷ
ȴΪǿ
նʵ͸ǿơ΢΢ڶĳ룬Լɫ統Ǹħֻˣֻ׶˻ġٴλܣ漴һ˫ַת
֮˲䣬ʮ־ʮӡ֮󣬽űһˡʮһʮһǧһٶʮˡǧʮ־һķģ̺ɭϵɱۻķˮ˳硣ǧ־Źǧһʮ־Ȼ֡
ǰǧ˰ٰʮ־ķıѩշ裬ɷͷ׶ĿȴֶƬƬɱ͸죬˲Ȼۣ漴Ҫӡֱɨ˷
Ϊ壬ʱȴ뷢ˡӳɣ̧һָߣҿϷħӡһ
ֻķգۼ˲ʧȡ֮һĹâƿ֡ڴɲǣķȻһ
ҪеĽ˺顢ᣬڴͨŰѵľȴֲ첻ɫɻϾ룬æʩչ־
һļɶȴ֮ǰƣʧ֮УƳ鵶ˮƲʱհȻ
ɫ΢ţأ˫ֲͣʧϷоӡһ
Ϣ֮䣬ǰǧ˰ٰʮ־֮У޶·ѩķѱߣֻǴ˼Ҳ޷磡
ֽ֣ɫȻʵҲü΢΢ζģǺľ˷ΪףֻȻԳܣ
ħİӡһԺɨģӡһǵĵۿԼҲҪ֡ħ֮Ϊ˰òȫʩչħӡ˭һæµ֮󣬾ͽ޹Ҫ֪ǿһǧ־ԼԼķΪʯ󺣰Ӱ١
֮ͬʱԶкϤЦǺǣҵĽ֮У񣡡
㡭
ȥںʧ
˼С֮⣬˭ˣԭǱʱֻҪһ֡
⣬ȻðһӰƣ̧ǰһ̤˲˽ǰ漴ǳ˫ֶЦЦĳħӡʼղҪʲŹĦһʵѽ
һЪϢ֮ʻص˴ǡͼԹۡλʩչħӡ֮ġԼĽֳΣܷܺһ޴֪Ҳ֪Ǳ֮ͨʣʱԷ˴Լҵĵ̣Ұ
Ӱһʵ˸ס˼£漴ǿվȣŵضǵӰʵоȴãԵ޳磿ħӡħţܶãˣζԴϷ򡭡
еĻõ飬뵽ĪĿֻ֮жʴӡȼ֮ؿԼ³
һ۹ʮϣ·ڴһֻ֮ޣе⵴Ȼ޴棬漴ЦȶȻ̾ĳԭλǰˣʲųĳΪǰһԾʧɨأֹ㲻Ըʹ˶˵̧һڣŶԷʣʧĳŶɽ֮޷ˮɰˣĳȻΪɻʵۿĴˣõħӡ˳֮¡δ㡭


1466 ɽʼ
֮£һѪƿն
ⲢĥһĻɱ١ɵ־ŭ˵ۻӰ˻֮أһHСɸҵ򡭡
˵Ҳǣһλħѳһħ۷һ߸ϵһ˵еĴڣ˭Ҳӣ
δ䣬һʮɵѪ⸫Ӱ
ɭɱصƣ̫ϤˣȻħӡһǺǣƾ˻ԸϷǲ
ŭЦһʵӰٴμҡβٿȻǣ޺޵ҿϷħ֮˲䣬ڵܺĽԽʹŽǵ͵һ٣漴ͻȻԭΡ֮ʣȻáʱʧϷħ֮λ㣬ħǧҲ㡭
ħָͨħӡħ֮ħӡֻߺһǿսʤħ֮Բл֧֮ŵͨɴ˿Ϊ˱ǲһˣǲȻóħ֮λ˾Ѳϡ
䡪
ѪٿȻ䣬ڽƵӰȻըĺڻ죬ͬӰѪɡ顣֮â˸ҫĪɨķһ΢΢緭츲ء
һԴӳ֮󣬱ĬĬԭء
ʹӰɣһѪٿȻüģȻ粻ǽǰɱ¾Լ޹ء۹͸ĮļȻڹۿһµĵ㡣ͬŵķ羰ôڴ˵֮У
ʲĲһƼ򵥵Ĳл꣬ɱ˵ħλǰˣֽΣ˵ۻ֮𣬲κһˣǧڣһطؽѪȷ磡ʱĳ˵ò
䡪
Ѫ⸫ӰʧĲл껯ޡδͣкȻ׹һʵԲʯֻʣʮɴСȻ£Žǡ顱һķѣ֮â˸ʯɽ糾
һ΢΢Ȼ
ԲʯĹѪɣ̺Լ֮Ӳдĸνʯƾ裬ֳԭΣֱعޣ
֮䣬ʯɳȻʵĹâȴδţڿǻ֮Եʣֻ֮£ķ֮仯졢չ
ķ飬ǰݡ
һþĶ˵Ȼע֮գһεľ񡣶һѵϸ˵ĺʱ֣飬عһŵ£˵һ˵ǵĹ£ӣ
ǺӸɽ֮ϣһַϥһƾҵסƵӣ˫Ŀ΢ض˯˯ʱʱšԵԪӣ㾹ȻȺйʮλ£޸ǳţ˫֮ĪȤ˵գ֪ء
ɽ֮£ԪӡʷƽԼλͬܣǹһ㡣⼸λǶڵĸ֣ħ֮ҲǼʶ㣬ԼͣҲܲסոһյػع˴ǰϵյֲĥľֶΣֱҪ˱ƷˣˣҲֻ֧ȥȻⶼģ˵ᶪأ
Ԫ̧ͷһƳֳҰҡͷ漴޲óԼһơ˵ɶãΪҪʲô˫֮ܣ˭뵽һϸ˾Ȼ°Ȼ
ûӦ
黺˫̧ۣơⱲӷҪڴ˴ȥˣҪ䲻һŪ˵ִ򡭡
ԪӼ״æ˫޷ţ֮ȤȻ
ɫԻȴֲмʲôȤȻ޷ǾŮţΪǣ̨֮˵ֻǲްˡ
Ԫһ֪Ӧԡ˼ҼȻֺ֪ʣ
˵һ˫޵龰Ҫ֤һ
ʷƽλħʿһԣȴָƳԪӶɫ
Ԫأɫ࣬Ϊѵ֮
˫ޣҲйʮ£໶価ڲУȴ֮ܽڡԷһϸˣǺ棬Ҳɰ˵ڣ
һɣҪ
ǡڴ˼ʣػζ漴Ȼɽ¡ķݣٲɽһ㡭
ҲȥʮʱҲֻһɲǡ
վȴĿȻԪӵڲԶͬǴ㵲ѡ
ڵɽ𲻼ˣȡ֮һʮɷԲɽգһ޼ʡͱڣԼߴɵɽ塣Զɽʶǧ֮㡣Ұɵ¡˲ϼʣ鶯
˵ʱգ˵ؽΪĿŹȥã˵ĸ컻أ
ŵֽסҡͷ
ڴʱһӰİ֮СֻƮƮҷͥŲ̤ת˲ѵɽĽǰδ嶥ϵˣֻ˼
Ԫӵλħʿæշɫ䱸
鿴˲δţǴĿ˵һֲýԭΪ
ڽ֮ȥߣֻд˼ˣһܵΣӦǿִﶴڵԲˣգ
һס
ߣ
Ժ֮󣬶ԲҲ֮۸ۻ軨𣿲ǵ֮ǰֻкڴɵΪԵλڶ̶̵ʱͻɱǣȣԼɢƣٲȻһˡ
һ仯Ҫ²鿴һȻ˴ɳ֮ǰ֮С
ĳȻɱħǱҶڶħֻ֪࣬½һж޴
һ̣ħĲл꣬Ҳ֮ȴ뾹ĳ˼ˣħӡɵֻһ֮ȴ̺쾳ΪħԶʹΪҲ֮С
һʯ֮ʱǿĻ֮ءô˻ԵȻȻ֮ޣϲˡ
һֻĿˣ̲סʵǧ֮أǷΪУ
һջ۹⣬ѭȥǿ϶شԸʱգ˵ؽΪĿһ޺ֵλѲһػߣĳһ롢֤ⷽصĲɣǨ죡
鲻⣬Ϊػߣ
һδӦ𣬶һ֣΢΢Цţλദ
ٶ˵һ仰תûӰ
򣬳ŰԪӵػɽʼٶأĪúȡ


1467 һʯ
ʯ֮ϣһš
ʶ֮УһĿȻһΪСͬ
ռǧСĵطҪνءĳػ֮˵ԭָ㣬ҲĲɺϡǼڣӪ졢滮ż԰ǰɣֻǽе̫ˡ
ǧ﷽ԲСƫƧһ硣µİˡǧĹأǽʵ
ϼ˸֮£ɽݺᡣվԼ߷֮档Զߵ£ķϽ֣
⣬ʮӰڿ޲ꡡĿħӡʽ˵ĺôԵ
һĬȻµʯ΢΢¡Ȼۣɫ΢㵡
֮ͬʱ𶯡ܴ˲ԶĴСʯ֮ҡڲէȻһǱӿʶ궯Ļֻ֮޾İչĪ⡭
һȻĹˣһʱԡ
һɱ˵ĵط˭в԰εա˵أΨСһ;
һʲô΢΢꣬εҡҡͷ
֪ȥ򣬶˭뵽һأֻѰǰֽ޴֪ȻȥѣҲ̫ɡ
һڳ˼Ȼǰȥշ
ԶСʯԭΪƽȣȴڴʱͻȻ
һĶ㿪Ѱȥȴ̲סͷĺ棬ǱŹʯǰУɢʶ䱸
һչȥɣչȥȻ
Ĺʯһ֪ͣЪĺƺƵֱ޵ȥֹʮգȥ١дһεĹ켣֮šŹʯǰɴ˻㼯һǿĪĹһʰ
һƯ䣬㲻ŷҲɼŹʯǰ֮ӵԣʹ㷶ɻ󲻰
ЩʯҪȥηʱεزյ㣿
һ׷˰£еһѵȻ޴档ֱʱʶ֮Ȼǰʵ飬漴𣬲ɱܿĴСʯʱĹȥʮ
Ų֮ȴԳŽסɫ졣
ǰ˳ƶУ⡣԰֮󣬲ŷǴСĹʯȥƼ죬һҷŵĹâβӶ۳ƬҹһڲϢǺӶεΪ׳ۣ
ǻǻֵľ󡭡
һԿһǧɴСʯХʼϲжȥֹ֪ܵĹâ͵ؼڶۿҪʯǼǼ۶
һʱ⣬
һϾܣæ˳ƺˣȴƵƲס˲һʯɶȥ䲻סΣǰΡ
֮䣬ʯȥ͡ʮǺӼխǰ͸ǻĺڰʶԼɼ֮Ⱥǻۣŷ˸ĹâʻöǷ
ǻ֮ˣ֮ģ
ʹ˻۶ʼǷζ̫ס̫̫ʼ̫Լ̫޼仯֮Ȼ޼̫̫ء̫ʼ̫Լ̫׵ֱıԴ֮
һڻ֮УƻȻʡ翴˸ӹδʹ̹ͨ
跨ֻ˽ǰǬ仯
˵صΣҪʹ˰ѶȥӶ仯Ѱʱ׻棬ҲԵԵƾƴǵ
ʱ֮ǴԽ̡ԶʱĹڵִеյ㡣ǧǹ׹
ʱҪΪʱ
һֻסܻ壬űڵĺкȥڴĿĹâĺ֮УǰȻһڹⲢٿȻܿҵĹʯһͷ˹ȥʱȥת

֮УȻһӰʯɽ˲Ϥ׹ض顱졣
֮ͬʱԶһλ۹ߣڵĸ֣ƣ͸żȻץסһߵĺɫԴ
һƲסݺˤڵϣ漴ּΪǱط˸ͷ֡ͨһ泯š˲䣬һʯм£ںڹԲ͸Ż˲ַһӣʱѽٽʯһԣȴһǳûץסһԲʯµش
ʮɣʮϰɵʯֻ֮ʣĴָСһмǻ֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߡĳΪãֻҲ˵³
ʯ۵ɲǣǬת缫ı仯ظ죬ȴִǧһˣ֮ĪȻԽ˻ǸɫƵߣ˭ˣ
ħʹȴԪӣ֪λγƺԺη
һеʯмԺŶ۹б
ʮȴȳȻЩĵϸڶԷһòͻȻ˴мǱΪȻҪϼӶԴԷ⣡
ħʹȵĴԪӣħĵʿֲÿ
һ۹ӹǸߣ˲ѽԶξ۵ס
һƬ޴ĸڻ̲˼Ӳʯޱ޼ʵɰ𡣼ʹɵ⣬͸ųԲǧ֮ڣΪҪԶۣʶޡö룬ûдԽ硣ڵĵطȻһ硭
ѣػ
ߴٵĻмֲͷ
һûᣬӵʯ϶һǳӣȻǷŵ¡ʱķҲѰݵĺۼ
ߣٲػĪַ飡
һɱ
һüͷʩʩȻվ̶Ųæšžһ˦˫ֳ󣬽°һ̧׽ЦݵȻ˵һҿ㷨顭
һ
Ԫ΢΢һ漴ʲôסȴ´ʵɱ˾Ҷһ˴Ϊ
һɫɣȴͻȻһԪӣٸ˺һĳ
仰ܺʹ׿˵ѾŻˣɱ¾ǰףĸ룡
Ԫ͵ضԭأץеĺɫȴٲŲ벽ҵֵ֡ѣһ桭Ҳħĸ֣ȻҡֻǸһħ޲֮ɫ䡣˴·꣬ܲη嵨
һֱ˵Ҫֻ·ߣ
Ԫæָ̡
һһʵԼҶȥ򡣡
Ԫӻ̿ʵ
һ͵ع˳ڣ
Ԫɫãɵ⡭һ·δ䣬ͻȻк漴ͷҲתԶݡ
һЩ⣬˫ü΢΢б


1468 
ССȻб֮ͣâ˸ӰǣٲɽһƲɵ
һû뵽ԷȻ͵Ϯ£漴Ǻڹɱͷȴæҡ㲻ܣ˫ֻӶ̶һָ䶯Ȼһ̶ͣŸΪǿյȥ
֮ɲǣǲŽʮɵĺɫӰȻһ٣̶ҡΣȴɱ٣漴ͣա
һֻҪ֣Ӳˮ½е̧ǰ̤ȥŹâŤƮݵӰٿȻʧ
һ̣֮⡣
ԪӶæȴִҴͣ¶ǰ
Ĳ֪ηȥĻֺαڴ˴ΪΡǻΣͷݽңҾʹ˳뿪˵ء
µͷ֪ڣʱ̸ܻף
Եĵ飬ŵֹİɫâȻǱǾŸָӭƾڿɱ꣬䲻ݻ
Ԫͷ󾪣ٹ˲üƽϵʧֻܴ߶ƴ񱼡Ǿŵ̺Ž֮İɫâ˲ѽ顱һˤڵϣɼ
ͬʱǰйâŤ֮ðһϤֿµĻӰȴһĲʵһζߣҲ
һζ޵֮ˣȻ֮ȴû˭ͬ١ͬԡ߻֮ȴǱˣ
Ԫ㶯ãҷΪܽꡢȴްڰУæʵǵѣһ桭
һֵסϮ׷ϴԪӲסԷǰҲϢĹֻҪûн谭Ǳʲô⣬һڵĸҪ׷ɱڳ˵ΡΪʩչġϽ֮ԷκεĴ֮
ħ޴׶ܱԪӲһڵĸְˣԵڤ粻
һ֮ͣ£Ժ˵ʲżңΣߣд
ԪϦ޹˼ɣɴֱ˵¿ħʹʱΪѹλֵܡԹҡʶֻˡ㡭
һ˻ĵ֪λֵܱ뻢ͷ
Ԫģһ¡
뵱ֵ˳ģʧɢе뻢ͷħ֮󣬴ɱķȴħʹȵĴԪӣձ׷ĶӡһԴ֪ȴδ̫⡣ֵԶ֮ˣҽǱȣֻѰΪǿĶ֣Ὣһڵħ޷ϡ
ԪΪߣʼչڻͻȻһֻתҪ֪Ϊνĵ̣ʹ߱ȱȽǡǶԷխѰ𡣴ʱߣʱ
һǰһƲ˵Ϊ˹ʣλֵܿԼ̡ĴϲִԲҲֻأ
ֻأ˵ú֮һ֣
ԪأɫŴٲæͷӦСû뵽Է˴ȣΪֻ֮˳ӡűǽңշΪ޵֮ʿӦԵӦ䣬ѵһߵľ𡭡
һن£
Ԫʯͷ㡰ͨ׹أ漴һʵʵš֪µΣֻȻ۹ⶢǵӰ
һŻ£˵Ϥһʮλħ޸˴ȴ񲻼תԪӣӦñ֮ͬһĳ˵һ˵ţƩ磺便ʲôǻЦݣŷһߴܵΣһ߻Զ̧һС
ھΪӲʯɰ۽ǸߵԶ˻֮⣬ǻûûһûѵĳ֮ءôһڣʮϰ³֮˵ȷһգĳ磬Ҳ¡仯ǳĳǽˣǿ١һֵĵ˭
Īھ֮ϣвΪ֪Ĵڡ
һ߹âԶ漴ֳһСɵĺɫϲһƣһƷֻǣ֮ң
һ̧һֻҪȥľѪӡǡ
Ԫæ顭
Ѱ֮ıѾ֮ãһѪӡǱ٣˱꼰ֻҪȥܲ˼
һ۹һƳ͵ȻٶȴԳ϶겻ѡ
ԪӰ̾һٳɣ˵طħ֮ǰħĵѱѰͶϡλϴڶ֮ʱҵȷС˭Ҷλħ𲻿ա
йħַģԼ;֣һѴӷ顢̨ԼϿĿ֪ԪӴͷ˵𣬴ͬС졣ȴʣֻܾġ
ΪŻԾ󻼣λϱ׷ɱݡħһ鶯ԵΪβ룬ǴѾ͵طأµĸǼǰСħҵ˶ڣӲƴȡҶħת
һӴԪӵĿתһʣɵɫ΢
Ҷǰˣ鶯򡣼ȻһڵʿܿеΣĸӶ֪ǸƫƫҪϣ³
鶯򣬹ȻĪ⣬оΪҪȻԽҲѡҵȵִǺ纣ǡ׷Ҷʱ˿̣뼸λ֮⣬˵ȽԲӦսλħ޿֣ҪȡλҲǾƣӦ˫ƴɱֲ֮ʣо;ȥ򣬲¾֮Լ
һ˴ɵ÷еɫһ
;ǹźءȻ֮˷Īתԣ
;ɻʼֻҪҶڴԽ֮ǰӹ׷ɱλϱӦóͬԵλħһڴӦ־˶϶𡣵λ׷ȥʮλ֮ȴϻ̫գ
һһ֣ɫζ
λλħ𣬱˴˼ΪУȻо֮ԼȤ
ԪһȻδģֵ֮󣬽˲ڡλӦûã˵Ⱦʧɢҵλ׵Ž˴λǰæ׷϶Ͼˣһʱֽѣǡֵѡ
һ˵ͷʾԪӵΪֹ
ԣصδ±ˡһȺħ޵ĶԹˣҲ򵥣ֻǼ͸żĪĹŹ֣ΣĳȥԽˣ
һվʵԪӣǷԸ˳ĳڣ
ǾɻᣬѣĵѯǲҸ棬ʵ޴Ӵȣ
Ԫӿϵֿ˿һɫɫԼеǹϵصͳ
ɷŲźã
һĵЦЦ漴һףŴԪζҲΪˣӴ˱㽫졭
Ԫӿԣ˿漴ס΢΢һ
ΪˣʲӦԼɣν죬кָ
һȴ˵ǴһӡãȻĴԪӶʱûӰתԶλĳĵ


1469 ;
һڡԽɳ𣬿Ʒɺ衣
ֻӰޱߵĻ֮бԹ㣬ǧĶС۶ӣǧԹ޻ڡֻΪ̤죬ЦǼįɷ磡
¹ȥ
ǰããبٲȻⷽصľͷʹ˲ɵȥ壬֮ʻ·
һȴͷҲûأֻĬĬӿΡӰ˸ɲǣٿȻһ缲۶ȥԲΪټϡҪԽԽֻڶ̶̵ת˲֮䡣
䡪
һƵĺ֮ҹ١
һסȥƣںڰͣ
һգ
ޱ޼ʵУ޵Ļ֮Ũ翵ĺڰҹɫȻĿԼԶʶã֮һ࣬ȴѰ˵Ӱ١
Ԫ˵ħ޴һǷ˽磬ȥ˺δ
һɻ֮ʣ˳óϽ«͹˼ڡƬ֮ԶȻ쳣ĶЪϢ«Ÿ·
㣬һ¹ȥ
һʼһֻüǰСٴδ֮󣬾һռžǺڰޱߡ
ʶз֮֡⣬ԼӰ
˵ʵ·ûв۵ġǴԽ鶯ҪգһľΪҲеƣɴ˿ɼ˵װҲһ֮١ħȻڶ࣬ȴΪǿбļ尾ĥؽ;һһɢʱ˶֣Ѵܶ顣νǿߵĶݣ˵ȻǶ㿪Ϊã
һȴܾʹ˵Ҫ׷ǶǶµһȺֻ֣ҹͣ׷ϲֹ˭һأţ
ߣԴǰãã˴˽ɫΪǷǰжò⡣
ǡڴʱлԶƮ֪λǹգλǹҹ
λߵò£뷢׵ģΨ߸ͷв죬һѪԵǣֵͬܣǵˣաҹŻȻһ
ת֮䣬һӰ⣬λ´Ȼ˽ͬУ;ʧɢλ㲻벻ҲĲá
֮УĪ⣬нԽƱҪ˴ʧɢλߵȴһɳɫǣţ˸졣˼æϿ٣һλΪΪ޴ãȴʹ߲ͬ벻һ˲ͬ齫˵꣬æϣһ˹ҹףֽ
һϳݲ⣬Ҳͬʱ˶Է䡣
ħ޵λף˷֮⣬λߣֱҹһİȴദʶû̫⣬ٴ棬Ҳһʱֲ˭˭ˣűһĴкԷͬУɢŪף֦
һЦţºҴݣǰУ˵մסҹףһᣡȻѰλλ˾˲ԶҲǺǡ
յ˵ͷɫ
ҹǽ䱸أδ⣬ǰ
һأԻǰУѵذ˰֣˵ö룬ĳծˡ
վʧѹɱþˣĪѴ쾳磿
ҹ˲ö룬żʣ˻Ϊծ
λһ޹ڣȴħ޸빲Ȼ׵ҵͬ˴ͻȻôһطط꣬ܲ˸еأ
ǵľһ֮˫޽ȴﲻʽķšһɱ˾ħ𣬵ȵȲһ㣬ֱ֮֮һη˼Ĵ棡
´ʱڼλϤİĴСӣȻЩֲؼΪѲ⣬ǳĪ棬Ǹǻֻã
һƣ֪ǴǷծĳȹħ޵λλ׵λʼղᱨĳΨծԻ壡
ơԺη޴ӿ֤ȴɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭塣ָ֮γ壡
Ȼ߲ƣ߲
ɫһԶԡ
ҹյĴҪ࣬һɣ߳Ҳ˵ЮͼСоծҪǷ˲С
ᣬħĴ׵ıɫ¶š
ǰؾ֮Уħ޵ľλһðմȣŽطħǡʱѰ˸ڱǸСһĳĵлûС˭϶ԷȣȻ־ᡣʲô֮ʲôծֻҪûˣ㻹ǿ˲ɣ
һϣΪȻЦǺǣ˲ҪϢһջءЦδ䣬ѵʮ֮⡣вԷӦ䣬кѪ漴εĹâȻ˳˫趯ɡ
ҹæȣԶһʤң֡
ͬ飬ͼȡʤȴѪɫ仯֮һΪϤӰϷҪħĿһͷǰ·
𡭡
ҹȻʧҡҪּ˲ɼ졣
ռͬӰͻȻʧȻԣȴɫ䣬룬ݶȥ֮ɲǣܺðʮһģһӰ޲ɱݡסȥƣʱѱľŵâҪ漴ӭҹͬ³
һ̻˶ŶţĹֻʣһӰա
һͫȻɫ糣漴һ˦ֳŻһ
ʱĳĵ踺أǲضǱһ·šӱţǰšǵ̻ɥ֮ȮӷҰߵģ¶꣬߹µĲɣڲٶأٿŶڵħ޴׵ˡǧףɵĥһѾȻˣĪȻִ۷壿ԶԶûУ;С
֮С
ɵɽͱ֮ϣһ䶴ǰһλϸڱĿ
ȻȬµİݡ俴ӵǧ﷽ԲĸСźţӵҲãֻб仯˵ӵиΪءһб¾ɱԼǲȻһʼ桢𡭡
ɽ£ĸڵĶֱΪλħСûзǰңǶꡣΪɵ֣ĵ˭ãûû˵ڣȴʵܣ
ʱԪλͬһǰһ鲻ɳأҲżҩס̾
˵ѷݲҩ
д漸ҩȻҪƣ
ʯɳףҪԼ֮Ҳ
ԣĪôԪħĵˣߣǰȥ̡
˰ɣԪӳէΪĲ֮ˣҪڰ꣬뾳
ͬΪħޣˡ
꣡ԽԾӣַ˭ħͬط
ף˵
ţԭǹաҹλףˡ


1470 ɢ
䡪
йâ˸ɱңײĺķ֮߰˵ӰٿȻֿȴָնŶԴ
ڵλӡ
һģף˫Ŀ磬ɱֳһɫħǹâƲ
һλòᣬٿЦЦлżֹġϵһڹ⣬ȴ͸ɭɭĺ⡣
⣬Χλһλ׳꺺ӣͷɢΪ׺ֵĺɫħľսµͬǷ֣ȴƣ̬ԳûЪϢ
ǳ׼ڴ˴ɱŵȺɵ֣Ҷˡ˫׷Ȼѷʤ
֮ǰǿĳͬѽûƣҶɡ
ϣ¸κβʦֵܶˣ
еħǹ󣬴żֽĿ⣬Ȱ˵Ҽȥܾˡοûˡɷޡû˶ڣƾʲôȥ罻һ
ǺǣʦԼǣ
ҶһЦ͵λϡֵܶԨԴ໥Ӧ֮壡˴˽ͣɳɾһȴԵļѻء
ʦֵ޿֣
ԣɷޡΪǿҿɲԷľλֻʣλҲʩչ˼ɵͨǽյ룬ƵöԷƣڱԼˣе١˳תĿûа׷ѣձؽóԸ
Ȼϣͷǲûλ׵ƣΣΪȻظЦǺǣϷȣֵܶܰȻӳ磬Ҫ̸٣һΪʱ硭
ν϶ּᣬҪŴȥ
ǻ͸ɱ߳ؾ֮裬δ㣬ͽְ͵Ϯ˷飬޲һȡȡѰ·
Ҷʼͷ˸еĿ˵ͬҲٸ꣬οգȥʱǸͷ͡
δ˵꣬ԾȤʧЦ漴ڣŪˣȴҲмֶ¡Ůӣһ㶼ԩ
ǱʦܲŽ٩ʦֽơ
ǴԲѣҷҵ
Ϊڶ֮䣬ΪĶ޵Уûܵĳϡ׷ƾУӦ̧һһָλһɣȡֹ̲Է⡣ⲻ֪죬ںĶ졣һȺ֮Ҳ
⻰˵ĺأ֮ԣָô׻ˡűҶЩϡǰ˲棬Ȼǵ˺޹˼ɵĵز
ɫ࣬һͷҷţҲŭƣȻòᡣٲ£һǰֵĺɫħȻǣ漴ŭХȥ
ҵλͬʱ֣ħħʱɱŰ
˭ȴӦսҶɫ֮ͻȻͷ緢ͻϮ׵һλײ赲תѱ˶·ȥŭҪ׷ϣʱϵš
ת֮䣬ǶʦֵԶųЦܻ죺Ǻǣ⣬ɢ
ڰȻͣתŨصɱδֹЪҷͬ紵Է졣̶˲䣬¶ݣֻһŸұϽüۺɷ˲ӣͱʵʦ֣ͽ⣿
λΧ˹ҲǸԵһ⡣
ŲæҡҡͷһǰһСİԲ̡֮ĬĬ꣬Ī˻⣬
״λ۹һ
ָҷģ仹ɫϣȴɱԴżɻ֮
ǿԲ̣ԹźıӡžϸԼ;Ϊĺ󣬳֮Ϊһ㶼Ϊ˹֮Ȼʦƹܡʱ˿̣ʦԺ⣿
Ƭ̣ݡʾ֮ͨ;ɻʼȴҪԽһޱ߼ʵؽƣշǳ硯;екƫض³
˽ǰ£˵ʦй¶;ȥ򣬲ҶԼڻ⣬޷ҪǶͽʳ˷ǽƾͼƣʱ򲻿ϵҵָǺã
ָһıλʦȴûнеΣֱµˣ©ĵǣŵ˰⡣˵Ҳ򵥣ڿӸǶʦֵ֮ʩչյƵĶƣ
ʶνľ֮Լλεթ˫ֶ֪װźͿɱȴʼ̲¶ֻͷŸһ
Ǻǣ˫ҵֺη֮֮
ˡ̣תŽԵλ׸һЦпұƽ˻֮󣬱λǰ죬˭;䣬ҷⴴաҹλʧɢҵûˡɷޡҲֻܿǶʦֵΪ
λ׽ϣķ˪֮£סЩãȻ
ǣһ˦ͷҷʦ֣Īţ
Ƭ̣ݵûЦݣ͸һ˿Ȼ˵񣬼ֻҲ©˷ټҶĲģԼǧһĶҵպؽ鷳ϣʱҪǰѰٻԵһж޴󰡣һ٣˵֣ݽңʶУһҶмƣΪħͬ̽·˴λףΪɬȥδ˱ѡ񡣶Ϊħ޴вʧǿλͬСںȥδӣϤ㡭
ʱڵĿԡ
Ǹõطʹ˳롣
ɵǧ֮ڵԲʣ˭ϲ¥񲻹λۻ쾳̫ˣΨȥ˾죬ԸԳ
ҲĪ֮أȥ̤ϵľһ·Ϊֹ˭λת
˵ˣ˶ˣħħҪʹ˻ڴõķӣ̽·ȱ;ʧңܸ¼Σ
Լãֳ㲻Ñáƽ¡λͬУռ˳ƶΪȻ˶Ŀ֮
λ׸лѣæ⡣
Գɣвᡣ
˵ҵҪǸһһҿյĺĺΪ𡭡˵еħǰһֵָ²˳٣׷Ҷмƽϣ
ס̧ͷ˿죬Ըۣȥһ˳
һˣ˲Զȥ
˷龰ʵֵζǷ׼С񣬻ݺ˻ĵɵˣǰ;Ī֮ʣϲԵıӡ̧ͷ죬ͷ󣬿û˲Ļȸûְ̡֮


1471 
һӰڰҴһƯŵʯ֮ϡ
һµ۵ģһǰŨüµ˫ôֻɫЩΣסͷ·һƲ
ԼĪȥ塢£ʼͣЪвֹȺԽ鶯ֻþԼĪĻ硣࣬п࣬ȴҲջࡣֱʱδܴԽ˵٣ͬǲ֪ڡ
ĳǶһˣҺҶȴҪ˴˾;жൢ顣ѰȺħޣӦΪʱԶʹЪϢһ񡭡
һջ۹⣬˿µʯ漴ϥ̧Ͻ«һϾơ꣬žСɵĺ«ס΢΢ЦɫԶ
Ⱳӣǰ飬ǰ飬ϲǰ飬ǰ飬ǿƺ쳾̤հһĻԼ;еķƱáԶǧ꣡־ţԼԭ̤ԶȥģˮꡣԶǷеһȻ
ˣ˻ŲŶ˼Ȥζѵ
ûӯûʱ仯ûиֻءΪõˡʧȥˣŻȥлȥϧ
һͷ֮Ī⻹޴׽ʹͬţѣҲΪ֮ضֳһΪԭʼңǼλ
һЪϢ֮֮࣬Уֳ˴СءڣʮԪΪħӡ޲ꡡаˣڱнԣڴбƴ

һͰɽ֮ϣ϶ķ鳤ϾȻԵúϡܸߴ
վŰԪӡʷƽӵˣҲǧ֮Сɽ£ϥڵĴԪӣǰİ⣬ǳէλߣҹ
ĬĬλཻ꣬ҼΪϤѣûһ˿ٺطϲɫЩĮȻƬ֮ݵָʾ£ɵԴΪǧ﷽ԲΪáȺλСҵѲظ֪ػĲףλȥ
ҹһԵãȻ
˴֮󣬲ڵĴ֮أȻһ磿ǬĪǣ氡
벻Ǹһ޳磬ǿ˲졣Ϊߣ˴ֵ˭Уֻ޳ͷ֮գǡ֮ʣȴ˼λĵѡǷף÷ħˣԵ˴ǰѯһ˵תأ
ֻ˸ŵǣȴˣһĽΪУΪĳͣ⡭
飡˺£Ҷཻѣлʵ˵һͬɹѹأ
պǲ⣬һĴ㵡ΪԷ룬԰ο
һĽ磬ΪУ˾ȣҶָδȥ
ҹЩʶⷽǧ﷽ԲȴΪռݣµĵطǻܱݵһȦСĵشĪ˵ЪϢתĿ඼ûСΪѣͬˣ໥֣Ե㷭أ
Ϊ˵öһħǣߡͷغżԹѵֻ֪ԸҶȴ˳û˺·̲֪λˣңʲô¡
ҹɫήң
ħıһȥˣԺħҴ棬Ӵħ޼ҿɹ飿´ʱ˵࣬ǶԼҵ˰ɡ
黷ܣ˵˷ɰ֮ǧ﷽ԲΨһļ֤ӵߡһ׿ŵҪʳԶɡ½籮籮ڼΪءλЧ£ԹѰһȡռܡ
Ǿģھ;Ѱ˷򣬲ϧһȥȥءȥ֡ΨˣܲȡһƬءôһɣϤһ·
ڹաҹ˵ĻʵĺͬΪˣڿأ˲δŭȻص˵ͷǿʳﾺ񣬹ˣ
̹ϵ۾飬˵գҶ޴ȥҲ֪Ѱһδ˵꣬ѱҹϵ飬Ҷ㣬ֽΣ
λͬĶԷ˿ȴٴɫ̧һָںһͬʣȥڰʾ⣡˵һĹϣתŰԪӵػҪи
һȺĪˣһĪһĪִôĪعţ
صĶ˵̬ڸ߸߸ķԪӵ˼ĥҩֲͼӸַͨҵݾҹҲ˼֮أȻҪʯڿꡣӾôģʱ⻹üֻէ𣬿ǿٵء

ڰУһ˼вֹ
еǰһ΢ĹâڽʧǺҹеǻͲסеļįôϢ׹䡣ʧһ̣ػããеӰֻ÷ȥƲͣ£һǰɲ
һŮͷų̄
Ϊ׵ɫЩΡ
ͷһ̯µϴū;ҲûˣǵĻߺߡ
Ծüͷûп
ǰΪȥ򷢳ʱͻȻ뵽һʶӡǵôȻżʶӡǵ˲䣬ʶƿնȥٲȻָ֮࣬ҲʵΪϴĸƵĵһУȴأ
ʶ̺ķޣûʮգָȥ·Ĺâʧˡˣܲܰ;ϡǻͷ編ƣһ˵Լ·ö룬ֵū֡ѭҲȥһ£λ̫ھ޴ǰδѰ·ٴʧȥ˷򡣶ȻͼѭŪɳ׾ľȡ绢ͷĵԹһ˵Ҫڴ˴
ūƮȻο԰̨꣬λǰء
ͷһģæŤͷ˵λĥĥҼϴʶ·
̨ʼոںУȲðҲ£;еҲల¡ͻȻʧȥ˷λ߲ţֻǲУλ˽ǰȴδʹͣ´𻰣Ȼﳤȥûȴеˡ
ͷ̲סŭվס
Լֵūͷǰ·ȴϻרż˶ϳд
֮ͬʱǰɵĻǺǣͼ·Ϊ˷ֱС˭ǿȡᣬֻҲӦ
ͷŭһϣԲҧгݵɶ񡭡
ūʱѣ·֣ȥ·ҵȲβ󡭡δ䣬ǰӰͻȻӿȥơ
׷
ͷףģ϶ܡ


1472 ɲ
ܵģ඼׷ϡ
ͷū֮£Ž׷˰ʱ̨Ѿ˸Ӱ١
ʶе;ûˣ̨а׷ں·䲻ԶΪ֮Ҳܽ򡣶λ߿ŵòȻؼʱȴôһ
ĳȣͷĴϸԼūıѩϻ̨ۣǰѷһ˾ҪŪһء㵹׷׷ϣǺǣۼĲģֻһˣ
Ҫ֪ںɹţζɵ֣˫ֿ̨µļλϣԼȵȣȴûһյʡ͵ĵơΪһ֮⣬ռǿأζǻ۳Ⱥһ˫ȭͷӲʱжǱֻȭ˵Źʮʱ򣬾Ͷ
Ҹı䲻˵ʱ򣬲ȥıԼ֣ᷢ㲻ԸıԼԸı࣬ˡأ
ôͷԼūԶԶûֱȼĵزֻܽǰξءдۡĥ£ɳ跨Ҫ
ͷԶһڣεغߺš
ǿūɫѯ֪ϴӿƽС˳ȴһˡ
ūǰü΢˵ʦǰ⣬ͬС˭̨ؽҵֺα֮ƽϡƬ̣˵г࣬˳ɼǰ;޲ʱգþ·ԶҲ̧Сҡҡһָ϶ֻѰǰ
СŮӵĻδûдʱܲΪ󣬲ΪѵȨʧףʦ緶Ҫ֪ʦһÿо
⣬;ʼ˳Ҳ޵飬һг̼δܺᴩҲԶʹޱԹ̨ı޳ܣ·ǣ
ΪȻūԣ
Ҳ£תŻͷһӣֵūٴ̤Ī̡
ʱ֮بȥ·ϾеӰԳɣ̺ᴩȥ˴ݵһ˲䣬˴˻
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ޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮УͷҴֹסȥƶãȻĹˡƬ̣ˣģģֻʣ»һˣָզء
ʶԶǲӰܶˣһʱҲˣ
ǼһƤ񣬵ްūһŮӣΪѰи⣬Ī˵ﲻܣϴҲȻϰݰ
ūʮɷӦԱݣҲһţȻˣǻҾͷˣ
ͷԭǻţһץҰοɣ漴ֱǰȥ
ͷնеʱںڰĴѰ١
ڴԽݵһ̣֪ͷūʧˡҳɣæѰ
ʱȥһ
Ρ
绢ͷĵģҲǷŲūİΣͷǼһȻװɵȴǸ۲۵Ķ֡ūֻΪҪԴԽʵ˲
˴֮ͬһʧҪۣΪĲסˣֻб߱Ѱ
˼ƽϣҴǰ
ټĻ磬У׺һڰСһԪӣԼҹ֮⣬Էԭǵ;Ҳһɺϡ
ūҲûʦǿΪʱһСŮӣããĺڰж޴롣
ö룬ֻ׷̨ķ򣬻ǽƫԭе;ǱڴԽһ̣˴ʧɢˣ
ʱ뻢ͷѰūΪǣңҾ͵صȺ
ūǻƬ֮԰һ˾ƮڰĬĬȴӰǼȻŵĻ䣬ֻûڻҹɫ֮УȻףȴΨһĨȾ˳İףį飡
һʱȥܼžȻ
ʱȥԶɡ
ūָ̧ŷңС͸һ˿ֻš
뻢ͷѰˣ·ֻһߡʿԽ򣬴ѵҪ˴Ҳʦ
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ʦȼ֮ūʮλɷܡҼеλǰ;Ī⡭
ū̧֮࣬һСĵӰѸٽڼһơ
ް˶ΪԼѡһŴɷܽŸ·
չ赲
еūδͣЪָ̧һָӰȥ磬һƺλɷܽʱȻʡδΣæڡķƹէйȻʹ˫ۡ
ǵ˺δ
ūɻ֮УɷڽǰֱƬ֮Żͣ¡俴ܵΣǽס΢΢һ
ǧ֮⣬һƬڹƣҲã޼ʶĪ⡣ɣӦþʱĻ
ֻգ㴩Խ˻
ڵǰһֿƺֺܽңԶİɫšҫ˻ĵ֮գɢŴĿĹâ
ū̧ȹڵչ⣬ϸȴǰ˿ת
ȻϣգѴԽ˻ʵֵңһ޼ʵǿУȴͷӰֵΪǿ絽һǡ
ڴʱͻȻЦǺǣϷڴ˹ʱˣֵιʳٳٲ
ūȻһæȹѭ
ںڰдˣͻȻڹ֮·öӡʲֻŶҫ۵չ⣬Ȼû⵽ǰԶӰ˵Է伣ΪҲ޴Ӳɫߣ̨
ū΢΢㵣漴Ųæ̧⣬΢΢ЦλǰȺū֣̿
ȫֹ󷽣ٲȻǸ˳СŮģ
ת֮䣬̨⡣
ͬʱλɷͻȻǰӭȥһɱɭٴУʱƴơ
̨δ㱻סȥ·Щ⣬ͣ£ȴֱ˴˻˸ɫŲԼͬʵСǺ⣿
ūǸȻЦ˵λǰ֣ʦµɷηΪͨ顣оϲߣɷн䱸
̨˫˫ɫ΢䡣֮䣬ַ룬Ÿ˵֣ת߳СǷϷд⣬Ǿʮλɷкã
̨Ÿ͵СҶ˼µֵѵϼտɺ
ū˸޹˵λǰϢŭ
ɣ̧һСɷأȴǽ
ɫŻҡ˼֮⡣վ֮󣬲ɵūСʦľ;ϸΣҸϷʵ
̨ѵ˵ز˾Сҷܣɲ
ūǣһ̾


1473 ѷ˵
̨մԽ˻򣬾ϲֲ֮첻ѡ
ǰһ˽ѵһǿֵ֮⣬Ҫ֤ΪصĻ·ָ£һ·ϾȻоա˳˳
һ׿ᵽ⡣һʿôԻ˵Ϥ⣬϶ָǲȱȫͼǴԽΨһݾ
ɴһбȻһͼлΡҲΪջ˵ıǮǲȻ˭˳ͶϣƺΪأûԵ޹ʵİ
²ʵһͼԺη
¹غǰ;ˣݴ⣡
һߵһ֪飬δܡǡͽܣҳûʸСŮ˳ų֮Ȼḩ
̨ԸµһСֱɣ
⡣
ū˵һȫ֪飬λǰǲţҪôʦʣҪôֱɱѻꡣĻǸɴ࣬ȴȻЦ
̨ʱס
СѾͷ֮ǰܴ̽벻£Ȼ˵ִ֡λȥɱһСЦҲ˵ʦҲ²ְ
˵Ҫ·ɡ
ߵӰڰͣ£е̨ת
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˴ڻ֮⡣
Ƶչ⣬ҫ۶ĿԼ⣬ɲ֮ҫ۵չ֮£һƬ͸Ĺâޱ޼ʣһǽö߲ϼ⣬һɺ绷񷡭
ۣ˫̾Ϊֹ
һؽ磬ֻ봩Խɵִ졭
˵غĪ⡭
ūʦͽߣͽ̣ʧ
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֮£ūǾԵþӨϾԶɽü峺ˮ˫͸һֲȾ˳뾲ֻɫһ˿ǣλǰȻԶУֺαؼһʱȴʦͷĵҲñ˴˼иӦ
ַ룬ҡҡͷĿ˵˴Ƶأݶ顣ҪΪʱһɵطԸ²˳٣ͷǰ·
̨͵ҵһֵλֵԻ׷ۡ
ū۹ڼλߵϣĬȻƬ̣֪ȥδ·ֻµȺʦ
ɫһСòҶ˾ȥԺζʦ
̨Ǹ΢ЦȰ˵ūСҶѹ󣬱㰲ΣݡΪʦͽȻѰһͨ;Ǻǡ
λһһͣ˱⡣仰䣬ͬʱ
֮ɲǣǿз紵ת֮䣬һع龲š䣬֮ķ
ū΢΢Ȼҡ䣬˫гâһ
λɷܴԶǽأΨһխͨͨǰǱūء
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ǧ֮⣬Ǭб¡ǵ߲ϼס˰ա͸Уҫ۵չⶼһԶƽƮĪ⣡
ūȻֽסһƳ
λɷλӣĮȻɣδǧĳ˯ɭɱȴǳѾãʱֱջعޡ̨ʮ࣬ͬڵȴջһ̡ԶǿƮ죬ȫްӰ
ū׿ǰһѰķɽּ
һֱǧ֮⣬ٿȻʧǵ߲ʵĹâֻ΢΢Ť漴ѻָԭ״էȻһһв쳣
ʱߴٵؽƣˡūСǣ
̨ǳŵ·֣ѭСٳɣؽ󡭡
ҲΪĶǰΪ˶Ըһ¶ŮӣֻֻܺŵǳȴɵòȻһ޳˵ã
ū񾲣ϲ磬ίǾţһⲢ˳ܣζŸΪǿԡûĶͻȻ衣˵ӰȻ֣ǰ壬ʱתֱ㿪ƣ̶ɱݺ̨֮ͬʱµλɷܳ϶ȥ
̨ԭЩš
ͻ̫ڳϣһСŮӣҳ͵ϮλˣǷˣǴѰ
о仰˵ĺãʦͽ
ת֮䣬˵Ӱֱ嵽˽ǰ
СѾͷֵһᣬλɷȴƴļƣ
̨ҵæ־˲Žܣǹâ
䡢䡢䡪
ĺѶŭɱķ͵ƺɵ
̨Щ⧲˲ѱǿķײϡ˲Һ˺ܡ;УȻ߶ʩչϮ
ʯ֮䣬ǷӰֻʣȴѾ֮áҲ˵һɷܱ֮ǰλͬһԱԪ񡭡
վΣֻؿڷ£Ѫӿ£ԻȻ⵽ᴴ
СѾͷֱʦһУѣֱҪƴͬھֻϧΪ̫
ֻ̨һɷܵԪԱ㼰ʱֹסΣ顣޴󰭣æѵ֣ǷСȥ
ˣҶѷ˵ס
ʮδִ̧ϣȴ˵ջǰת׷
̨⣬󼲳۶ȥ
ǳ׼СѾͷˣͷʦưոݡϣò˻£Ծ͸ɵװɣ
ūȫɶݣλɷܲС˲䣬׷
ȥλɷܵҲǿƬ̡λڸ˵׷֮£ջ޴ѡؽ֡óȻһƴֻ뻢ͷΪλ
ūδԲߣӰѵʮ⡣ŷԼΪԼݷΪãæ̧֮һСҵλɷͬʱץȻǰȥȥٿ죬Ҳ첻ڸ˵Ķݷǰ󲻹ϢĹ׷˫ѽǧ֮ڡ
ū޴ӣץȥ̨Һϻ
ٲܸСѾͷκοɳ֦֮Ҫͷ֮ǰβ
λɷܴūȥ仯ɲǣ˽ԷͶ衣
磬˳һָвٴʩˡһ͸ضĿȻ͵һ٣漴ķѡ


1474 һ
ƽһըס
ڵĸˣȥԸһΪСŮӣ׾ٵС¶ֵһᡣ˭ϱֵɲǣȫ޷һȭķѡ
͵ϮͻΪ֮ǿ֮ݹۺĶΪ˭
ֻյɣ֫ϱۼΪҡ֮˲䣬лֳһҡβӰ䳤ƮŨüȻ˲ĳĳ⣬۸ĳĵӣ
ūԼλɷܣж޴ͻΣһĿȻ俴ǵϤӰ̴ڰţʧʦȻ㡭ϵʦĴڣȴֶʦͻȻĸ⡣
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˾һ˴Īһֱи棬ֱţ̫ˡҡ˸ӰǱ𣬶Ԫɱ
̨ͷһƳɫ䣬ǻȻƴǰȥ
ҡ˸Ӱҳ֮Ϊһ̨ȥƲͣʱµ˶Է⣬ŭ󵨡֮ʣҪȴǷæ߾ȫ˫ֻӶ֮һˮ״ϸĻݺȥ
䡪
ĻȻը͵׽֮Ʋɵ
̨Ͼܣ˲׻֮˼ͷȴ˲ƣƴǰȻһ壬ûѽԭصūץСδӴܣǼͣ£̴̻󺰣һԡ
һ̨ıóѣ͵ҡ£˲ʧǿ֮УֱƬ֮󣬲ָֻΣȴ˸Դ˲ܲˣԱǰһһ̨߳ٲҵū
ūδѣ뻢Ѩ¸ǽضץСȴȻֻ˴εɫĬĬǵӰ
ԭʦĲūİΣūǱڷֵеʱһԪҡ鶯㰵гʱūвȴδ⡣ʦ֪գ࡭
ʱ֮еĽȻɢλɷܾȴû˻ǰĲ֫ϱۣȻǿƮ
̨һȴץū֣ɫһңæŭһв룬ʵһ֮Щ״ΣһĻں޽ӣ̾³ҵ
һڰͣ£أƱˡ
һ֤·٣޷ǻΪ׷뻢ͷ̫ǿᣬ˴˻ͶദҶ˱ūΪǰ¶ʵ顭
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һЩƣȴʵ顣̨ΪѾõħǳϣ׸ĻͥˡȻĻͶһ֮£λȻӦ׷棬ȴδеǣҪ̽ʵԱľϡ
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ʶ̨дԽʵ⣬Ҫͷū˴ɢΨˣܱ¡Ȼ䵥ū˱һһֻͣǳҪǾͷԸΥ
֮⣬һδʵӰЩɢüĿģĻȴǲɣūҲɱ㣡
̨ץū֣£˵ԣӴɡ
ڿֻּۻ֪ۡһĻаԹִסɱζſˡǶԷԣԼҽң
һ֮ʱδӣȴִԲ򣬵ôߡ
һӰҡβɢɱҲ֮Ũءһ٣̨˵һ䣬ū
Ǻǡ
̨ͻȻҡͷЦЦ˵㲻һԪȺԽ鶯ҶֽһأѺľΪ֧ţҪɱңҲġ֮ǰСĽ´һ޿ֵֵȻߴһֺηȥֻҪ㽻·ұū
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۸ĵӣѾĴɡӵҪЮ˴˼ͨڵأ
һٳ̧һָ
ĵӰȻǰӰ۶Զλɷ˲ڳΧ֮ƣֻҪ̨·֮ͬʱζӰȻʧԭŵǿʱ쭺ɱХ
״̨пࡣ
ͽ̣ʦӦǾ仰һˣһš
Լ֣ʦľȻҶ֣Ͷĵѵ³ԼɱˣǲɱѾͷǻ
̨Ȼһĵϸȴҵȥ
ץūתߣ˲ѳΧƣȴһɫĽâԷ͵ϮŽ֣ǡ顱һ졣Źâ˸ֳһĵӰ
̨ͷһƳסЦȰǺǣԪȻǿ֮ĩαؿ֧ţҽ·
ǡڴʱԶͻȻ˴ȣſū
̨˲󣬼æѭȥ
ֻǰǧ￪⣬һλ׳뺷ֳɱ
ˣö룬һһҲˡǾʹ˾ȥ
̨ǰȥԶҪת
֮˲䣬ȥķðһλ׳һ߻ӣһŭģӾ֪㲻Ǹö
ֻ̨ѣһ֮ʣͻȻк塣ǰܣ漴ڡ顱һкݺˤ˳ȥȻǱȴδشȻץū֡
֮УһӰáͷ˿˫ȭΡ
˵һ֣ȴ˲̨ԷԣԪʹɵΪȴԳ־á֮Ԫ֮ʣ޼ѵҪū°Ϊ
һȻ̧ͷȵͷҲϧһоū


1475 һ
ˣͷҲˡ
ֵΪҪԶԶū;û飬ǰȴӡ֤Ǿ仰򲻴˵λһ·Уߴ˷򡣶ȻһĵҲʱ
֮ʣѿԶҵΡ
ϴһӰƮ֧ŵӣԪ˴̨֣ų̄ʣǿɶ
˲ö룬һ˹
νֻܣӰ롣
֮󣬻ͷų˻ǿտһࡣ֪˺£ֻ֪ϴŭū°ģ⻹˵ã۸ۼͷϣأ
ǺҲˣ
ⷽټǿ֮Уһչ߲ڣһبĪ⣻ǺڰƮ죬޺嫡ֺ׳۶صڣʱӰңɱŰн˷
̨ץū۲ͣͻ
뻢ͷҸڡ
λɷ˷ȻҪԺΧ֮ƶס֡ס֡
ֻһԭأʵӰҪʱɢȥȴڽǻҵΣɫ͸Žǡ
̨ǶڵĸˣѾõħǳϣΪͨδɷܣͷһδļɵҲûˡ
Ǹһ̫ԶڵΪħΪʱʵţ쾳磬ٲȻǵۻĴڣǲãұܶԶ֮˵ūųʱѾ̤Ѱ̡㲻Ըº壬ٳǸСѾͷʦķɡȻ˵ɶˡ²ʮ֮˾ţ˭ûиʧ֮أ
һ֮⣬ȺС׷Լǲ
̨תһȦſ϶ǰ;в־󺰣֣ʱߣʱ
һ֡ͻأͷԶһһ
ֻŷѣԭǿƮĲ֫ϱٿȻ£漴â˸һȥȻָԭģΪȴֻжڵСɡȻţȱ꣬ת壬Ϊټ͵һһԪڲִ֮͵ϮңҪɱλɵֲס
ǱվȣԶǸһݣشȱ
һݣ̨ĽศɡʱⶺȤζ˭һظԶЩС²ֵһᡣ
ʲôαα˻£Ҹûʵͷܲ̾Ϊֹ
顣
û˵̨꣬ͬתӡ
ΪɶԵ飬뻢ͷ׷ˡֵвãȴϰˡؾΪ˵ϴ˵ֽ򲻹ҪֻҪܵÿ졣
ת֮䣬뺷Ӱһֵһѵҵ֮⡣ԶɷҲûǾŵ겻ɢĶɷ
̨׷޴ܣɱһȥ·ֿһк֣֮Уǰ߲˸âҫۡ
ͷʾؽƣͨϡ
̨صա
Ƿǳɰܣڴһ١
̨⣬ӿȥƣ͵һū㱻ɼһƬӯİֱǧ߲ʹâȥ
λ˵ͼҪһӵ̽·Ҫˣó·Ҳɣԣˮˮ˴֮䵹Ҳ˺
̨ΪüƵʱͻ
ĳڴˣݷ
һϤŭէȻǰ߲ʹâͻȻŤһӰ˲ץū˳Զӭͷ̨ݺ̧һָ֮һѪʮɵĸӰŹƲɵɱХ
ִˣ
ǸһǹһֱѰɱһû֣Ȼ޹˼ɡȻڼɱУħӡ
̨ʧɫæ;мת
䡪
һѪɫ磬ֻҪߵǬһը죬Ӱյ˳ȥֱǧſֹסƣ˫˫ѪȴšȻû˼ħӡеǿ󡣶ˣҲԵֵ
̨һ٣ңǡǰæûԶݶȥ
ͷ׷æϴūȣʱͷͣϲģߡ
ȥһ٣ʱӹūȴִżֵǿǵӰеϴ󡭡
߲ʹâĲԶһƮӰԵԶһƳӭͷ׷һ
λɷȻͣ£Զ۵һ
ͷֹֻסȥƣȴǲĵطݵģ׷ϣѡ
ʵףƾԼı£ʹ׷ҲûãǴ򲻹˼ҡʵҿϴμƽϡ
һԣ̧ץ
šһūʼճʱҲܲίһ˹ȥŵǰ΢΢һ鲻Խʦ
һأƮȻֻӰһ޵ĵâĪ˵ֲ٣ζʱƮɢֻĻһĳȣɻ̨ؽȡūҲΪʦһۡԸԴΪ䡭
ū׳ǣסӯӯίҲΡūֻѳݣǻʦ簮֮࣬ǲӵɳʦأ鲻ˣ
ͷ˽ǰͷһڡ̨ԶӰûˡתϴӡ
һûᣬԹ˵̨գʱұºٱ˴ۣЩסƬ̣ƺ˾ϣֵһ´Խ硯·ֻѰȥԽ֮ҪҹǷǰ죬ʱ˵١мǡ
ͷȻܵŶؽΪ磬ҲӦҪǰ죿𡭡
Ҳȴ˼ϴı⣬Ҫ˱̨ܿϴ꼰ҪȥԸʵ˷Ĳ¡
һοæΪڶԵʣʹ÷Գ־ãضǡٶ˵ʾպٻᣬȥҲ仰δ䣬Ӱеһ˿ȴѸâֱͷūʶ֮С
ת֮䣬һӰ١ԭֻʣͷūˣвԶľλɷܡ
ͷȻΣһţͬڳūµνġ硯֮֮ѽҿ·֣У۹Цδֹһգͣϴ֪·


1476 թ
ޱߵĺڰУڼеһͣ͸޿Զһֶɫп
̤鶯֮ǰ뽫ͷū߶ԷݡȦʯãұС˵ҲһѵõԵǺ˴˷ֵС
ĳڰһ߷
ūѾͷֻΪԱ֮⣬ԼʦĶ׷ĪԼΨһĵӣͷһԼܲɷ֡ĳ޵Сɣ߾ܣȥػߵÿһˡȻʧȥ̫࣬ζĺܿࡢʹ
ΪʦΪֵܣζŵΡʱգĳļͷࡣ
⣬ԴӴԽ鶯̤磬Ѿȥ˶ãȫ׷ϣҲշת˴ꡣһ̣Ķ֣
һЪϢƬ̣ǰС
ҫ۶Ŀչ֮£ðӰ
ŽԽˣֱһλͷɢλ뷢׵ߡԶ֮ǵ߲ʹڵǧ֮⻺ͣ
ӣߣÑλס
ǰһʱǻ
ÑܣǱƣԽȥֱ졭
ַ룬ͷЦǺǣԣӦô²֮ϣиƶԵʷĺ֮ʣԵ޺ӣ
λ׻̫ã֮;ȴƵ˾ͷ޽˼ޡλ֮ʣԶϤƼΪգžѰ
ÑΪȻȴϵĵټƽϲ٣
︽͵ǰλԵγٳٲҶ
ˡ
Ñɫһ漴ַ
ԶðλߵӰǷᵽƽ¡λסҲҶȻЩ鷳ǶʦֵܽȣĲöԸ
Ƭ̣ʧɢλħ޸¾ס
һ̵ĺѹʵʦ֣񲻼ҶټǷҪǰȥѰʱ⣬ôۣջΪҪԸǶʦֵܡǰ;Īľ죬һ˵١
ڳ˵ͷʾ⣬δæŴ𻰣ӭչȥ꣬óһϸϸ꣬ŲæҶԻѰұֺ֮顭룬оһȻǡʱѰȥ
޵֮ͼɶħŶԹǱѩޡˮң㡣½ƾͼƣԸ˴֣Զ߸߷ɡǶʦֵҲشʧһΪ顣Ĳį滹Ǻǣ
ΪƲߵóѣݵ˫͸żƲסĵ⡣ٶ˵ڳ΢΢һЦתʵħǣΪȥǸΪشһپϡ
΢㵣ɲ
⻰˵öãȥǸΪشһűѪŶ鲻ѣ
ô죬ѵҪƾħʹ˳ȥҶԼǸֵһټĺĹãʵ˲ģ
˽񳯣ֻպԵٰ
͸˼ߴ٣Ȼе̡
ŷӳ֣ǳС̺â֡ҾŲʻƣէֶǷ˲䣬һ߰׹ӾŲʻƵѶһȻԶ
Σڳλ׽ɫһ
룬ǡ
ЦźˣŻ·һĿȻֻѭȥԽֱ죡ѾãЦΪʹ죬漴׷ǵâͽ˼ǲ֪ߵغ񡭡
Ñáƽλײ󣬽档
£Ҳ̲ס׷˹ȥ
ǵâΪϸȥƼ죬ǿҷżɳβǰһөΪõĹޣ˽׷ᣬֻǰŸΪδ
Ϣ֮䣬һ߹ġөѵ֮⡣δֱֱ߲ͣʵĹâʧ
˵ǡөʧĵطǾžڣȴͻȻ洺ػͷʾԵֻڽ֮䣬ϡ
ѣУȭȭ֮Ա
ǰҪˣֻ봩Խǵ߲ʡ硱ɵִ۳ңִ֮ãؽѼأյԵ裬ʹ˵óԸĪҪɣ塣߰ɣǹδǻԻ͵۷塣ʧʧ
ǡڴʱӰƿն
һȲֱ߲ʹâ˹ȥЦǺǣδ˽ȵǰɡȥķǡөʧڡϵĻһ˽ȶ·ȥ
ͻ״ʹλײ첻ѡ
Ҷ֮ԳٳٲԭǱڴ˶ŻǱȣǰеѪˮ
˲ö룬Ҫλ׳ȥȴͻȻͣ£˻ʾ⡣
֮ͬʱ˼Сթ

δ䣬ЦδֹűһҽһϮ˿۵ӰŽ߲ʹâ㱻ͻȻȥ˰ӡҽżæˡ˭ǿƹʵĹâȴڱĿ£ʱϮգ۵Ĺѽ֡˺ѡɡһΪǿݺ˻ĵħ𣬽ޣʹҲ޴ѡ
λ׽ĿɿڴΨַ뺬Цɡ
Ҷ
⣬һӰ΢΢ƮƮӣĿѡɫ֣һǰĪĿʹ
Ǻǣʦ֡
ҶӰ߲ʵĹâлʧ˫ȴǸֳһ˿ζֱЦݡ˵δȣǴĪĲο߾һĻҶʦֱء仰δ䣬ҡҷżȻ
̧ţͶ˶ȴ罩סһ㣬Ψ΢΢졣¶֪ҶǶԩңҶ᲻ֺ˭֪ʦʦ֮ľֻ˵ء
߲ʹâָɣʲôûзֻԵıж԰Ρ
ЦûˣʧҡҡͷȻӹһ٣ȴʧȥұۣڹ⣬սǺͣϤ㡭ҵʾ⣬Ҫڿƴսһ¶ɣȻ޹˼ɡ
Ϊǿ´ʱأҶİģվǶ֧ʦֵ֮ΣûȤ
λɢһɱˡ
Χеȴ޶ԣԶǻö߲ʹâĬĬʧֱƬ֮Ż˫۶̾һͳˡ
һ˦΢ЦǶթעֻһʤҡ


1477 ʼʩ
ˣӮˡ
˭ʤңֻһʱ˵
Ƿϵ飬ԼɥĻʮһĶͽģԵظеοԲ˵ʦֵܶʼվţ޷ҪʹϷͼı졣Ϸ㽫ƾͼƣľ·Ϊʳ
֮νϳɾοһɵ֡϶Ҷļı˴֮󣬱óƣλ׶ƭˣǶʦֵΪƲߵóѣȵϵΪʱ̫
ҶյĶԹɾʹ˰ˡϸϷ飬Զ߾죬ҲδɡǲȻ
Ļ̹ϣʹȵĸ˷緶һֱһ룬Ի£Ц͸żֵǲȻҵΨһΣö֪
ˣɢ
ֻ˵ͷϴһЦ𡣽ͬȥԵԸްϾ˫ԨԴֺαشء˵ˣһҲ޷ճʱ׷ĪֻܹԼҸ档
ĬĬ죬þ֮˫ۡ۹ȻЩ΢죬֪Ǳ£Ǻֵͳˡ
Ⱳӣνеʱ̣еʱеʱ򣬻ʧȥҪˡ
νʲôֻԼ֪ظһ֮ٲ˵Щѵع˫֣͸˵ĳֻǰ졭
һвϣջ˱ѡǣ
һЦ۹ʾ⡣
λٴУʱ˵һȴδлʤİաʶʱҪ֪һ˫޺̸أΪ˾ԵҲֻ⣬죬ȿħǺ󻼣ܴӳͼ֮ĶԹ˶ա
ٴξеƣʾȻˣҿ⡮Ук
ŷ£еĳСİԲٴ˸ŲʵĹâ꣬ҫĿĹâ΢΢ãʱһָԶ֮ǰġө𡱲ͬһŲʷɺ磬źɷǷ
ΣλɫȻ
ҲǽסһʦֵĻı̾硣ԹźġڲǬˡ֣Ǵ˵еľ첢ңԶ
ԶȴɫûдӾޱлع
ֻкޣֲ֪ںδĶںԼܡΪƲȫȴҡʹʹѻ곹ǣʹ˵ûκΡ
ҵִһһֻңѰص㣡ЯͬȥǺǡ
ЦһѭŲʺķֱ׷λ׽󣬱Ҳǲ˹ȥǳҶʧͶһƳתĬĬС
һʺ绮ǿգߵӰ׷ᡣ׷ɣȻִһȥĽŲע˴ҴҡٴҴң
ֱʮ֮⣬ǵɺȥȻһɾŲʣ߲ʣֻһʵĹ⣬̶;תʱûӰʧĵطֻǧؽ֮СǱĹâоȻһɴСķ϶һŻĪ⣬ƺ϶ޡ
λħ޵ĸʼ׷Ųʺ磬ѭؽƵıԵڷС֣߳æ֮ͣ¶ɫ졣
λֻԼӳɣ㰴಻סͷܶһǰ
ǽǵŻɫһ˿ɡʶ쳣թգҲʼʩǳ׼ǲͨŻڡʦܰ㵹Ȼʦȥһ١
̧۴ֳе̼Զաȷ󣬿ݵεϲɫŲԶڳǺһЦתˣηһͬȥ
˴֮ͬѡǳƬ̣Ȼһԡʦַʣҧҧأһ˦žȻĿ⣬λȥҪ¿ػҵ
ǲߣֻδˡ˵һɱ˾ִҶˣǿĽšһ֮ҪĹãܱǸСӣԼδĵۻ𡣵һͳʱѰ첻١
ûȰ˵ƽ΢΢һЦ
ħзڵĻҵˡλʦܼȻҪ£ǡҲǸһи飬Ǻǡ
˫֣Ҫ¼佻δڣͻȻһϤĲҽС
Ѿҡ
ǧ֮⣬߲˸ġ硱硱еǵŻ϶֮УʱСҽеƽ£ѱâɡȴץ첻֣ԷԭҪȴץסʱֻƴ˺ܡʮ⣬ĿɿڴÑԭͬУ˭գۼǵŻѪڡһȻ֪
ѭȥԾ͡ǷǾžأ
ƽ²ץסͬ顣ۿϦץԼǻѡһʱ֮䣬һš
ҷſ
顪
Ҽȣͬھ
㡭
ƽ²֣漴ӭͷʹԷ֮£һʶཻѣһƴ˲䣬߲ʹâŤеŻ϶Ȼʧ໥˴ӰҲ漴ڲֻҵĽкǿоþûص
Ñ󣬿һ١ĿͬĲ˾Ųѣæת㿪˫˫ʧϣιˡ
ιˣңָ˭
Ŀٲʧһ㡣ÑǰɣǻȻŵصǰǵ߲еνġŻڻ֮ȻʧӰ٣ʲôδֻһþѣ
ǻþ˵֮оʹ˶ֹеĸΪ
ǰջ۹⣬ӹֲ̿λףԼͬе֮ϡţݵ͸һ˿Īǡм١

ڴʱһֱЦʮ⣬ַףһɨ⣬Žɱ⡣
λħ޸Գھ޴ʧ֮УǴЦһشݺݻб䣬סͷһȴٹ˲ö룬æԼλɢɫ䱸
δûѣֻܾЦֱƬ֮Ŵδɢĺ俴ĳžڣŶˡû˵꣬ȻΨкеˣܶԵΪˣ㲻ϧʼʩ


1478 ̫
˵֮ǰĴЦشһֱ͸ëȻ
ǰ̶̵ʱ֮ڣȥλɵ֡Ҷλף³ûʲôͬһеʼٸ߶һˣоΪ˶Եеˣûпܣ
Ñɫ΢䣬סȥҲԳɣ漴üĿ
ڳе̧ۿλףֻͷ¶пԡݺ۳꣬δ뵽ѵľءǱؾ֮УҲûнľȰһоΪΣִںδ
һƬţ˵۹ȴȻɡǳ͸¶һ˿мޣâڱʴӣ
Ƭ֮Цˡ
ЦЩɬЩǷϣҲЩΡλ׵ɣȴ޶áı⣬޶ԡе̣˵м٣Ҿƭˡ
Ñû
üͷ˵ʦ֣Ϲ֮ΪԵм١෽飬ȷԷȴĿڣ⣿
֮⣬ҲЦšֻЦУ͸ɱ˵鿴ʱ˵ϣ˾ϲɱ޹ʵĺţĳޣƱҪΪħ޵ָͬ˵
ǰһԽ˱һ¶أ
δ䣬̧ץһɶ೤ħǹӱһڣܶʱɷƶˡͽеƲˣ
ȻÑ֮ٴȥƣܲǡԼҪԹԹ۸ţ
Щңæɫһԡ
ħ޵ľλ֮УΪ뺷սֻҪǷǣ㲻ûֻλʦɫȻڳɲ
ͷһϵĿɬŨ
ʲô䣬ʲôӮһ˿תɷȡʤǸδݷͶŻˡҪĶ֡´Ҳ򲻵ã˵˵ãͬԸ޿κΡҲǣмأм٣ΪŻʧˡ
Ҽʦ£ʮףνʢһʱӰ˻ģȴܣʹħÿ¡ֲкͬţʵ⡣ĳ㲻á
˶꾭Ӫħǣ׷Ķӣʼֻ̲Ϊյһͱ˵ĻȻɱȻǸ۰ķħֻˡ̧ħǹһָɵϣ;֪δӣȻƽλ׾³
˲ֻڴ۹Ͷ﷭ΨһָΪʤλʦܵľҪ
ȴͷҷס
Ļţͷȴһ꽻ֱĬƬ̣ڻ̧ͷֻǱҷסЩĮȻǽüµһ˫Ҳǲ̧һֻ֣˵ʦ֣һα
Щ⣬ס£ͷһæеƷ˵ʦܣ֮αؼ⡭
˵꣬΢΢ҡҡͷʦԵĳɣĴңһ˦ת˺󣬵˵ȻʦֲңֺαûȤԸΪ֮
Ǽ٣̽Ǳ⡣
һ˲ɣ°Ҳݲһ˿覴á˵ʧ䣬ȥʴ۸ӵǷǷǡǧ֮⣬ͬ꼰
ûͳ̣˽ԭǾ俴Ļﴫݵٴ¶εĿɬò˷ʱ飡
λ׾Ѷ㿪ϰذһ漴ֳħǹǰȥƽϣһ
˫ɣ֣֮֮ܽͨ¡˭ڴ˴ȫӦս޳·
϶յˣֻû뵽³ԶĬĬҡͷе۹ȴδʹ˾ģתżɪǣ˵˲֮֮档һὫ֮ȥŻˡ仰δ䣬еʧ
оֹ޷ҪҶλ׵Ĳʲô˻һͬ׹ֻءȻռϷ磬ȴעһ񡣲ƣʤӮδ֪Ҳ
˵ǿӲһ㶼û֡Ϊħ޵ĳϣ֮ΪȻغȻħǹ
һֱһڵƻɢԵôֻݵ΢΢Ʈ뿴Щ磬ϵи͸żĪı׳֮⡣
ǧ֮⣬Ñ˫˫תȥȻԹۣرܲõѡ
ȴǽסУɫЩ
޵һ춷ضжĶԹĩˣͬСҶȥֺʤΣǲ˭ң⡣ΨһƣӰؼ䱼šæµţįȻ̻ʣ
һչɲǼ䣬ԶͻȻ˺֡
λףһ
ֻԶðߵӰһɫƣһɫæʾ⡣۱˴ˣǱ
ˣɫһ̨߳ȥԵν˴ʱ˿̣֡۹ϣֽסɻģ
߲ˣ̨λħǳϣ˵Ǳֻʣ¶СɵΪȻش¡ԭľ磬˭˵̨˹ؼʱΪİ㡭
ת֮䣬̨ٽ
ÿǰ
ͻȻͦɫ䱸ÑӦһŵסߵȥ·˲ִ˼ΪֵܱΨһ
˵仰кѣ
ʼųα仯תȻ漴̲ס̾һλĴ׵ĺһ㶼飬ЩԹ˾ôֳӮ
λ߱ͣ£˾Ϊ˫ôħ޵ԨԴڡ̨˿ڴȵλ̵
⻰Σ˭ְ˭̣
λɫ⡣˼ֱ߳ʣ˻
˵һƽģȡħǣնɱܷ鳤ϡ
λףȻʧɫ
⻰̫ˣ
ǰ;δϳûˡħ֣ζź·Ͼ׾ȻǸһҪʲô
˵Ļںͷ


1479 ж
̨֮ʣ;һв֮£òط硣쾳ĸˣΪ¡Ϊߣ֪·ҪѰλˡ˺ԷشĳҶ˾һ
Թ˷˵ͣڳǾ͡
һһСǿȵۻˣħһб֮ʣȴȡħǣˣ׷޷ǵܾ˵ʱͻȻһٶǬΪ˵ǣȻ֪·
˲֣æɢʶķĻСʲô¶ɵó
£ٴóǿԲ̶ĬĬ˵м٣ԭǸڡĪһߣ
̧ͬʲô
ÑɫĪ
ڵʵ飬̨˸ɫ˫˫һȻ˺ƤֻѰӻ
һ̣ݵħ˫뷨һ£ϵˡ
һæŴʱ򣬾Ȼ˶ڰϹۣ֪һ붼ܾһ亹ؼǸ˲ǵ֮ԽթơⲻԶҪλħ޸ɱҿ̨ļʱȻĻ

ڴʱһ޵̾ϢԶ
һ̾ϢΪ΢ȴһף
ȻĹ˵˽һæѭȥ
Ǻǡ
̾ϢδֹЦ˵̾Ϣлһ˿εЦȴһֲȻ
ˡ
ɫ䣬æѡ̨ʾ⣬漴ȥ˴Ϊ˻ٻӦ䷽Ϊϲߡ
һеħǹɷơľ֮սһֱڻҪҲ
λ׽ɫء
е̣ݵ͸һ˿į
һ˭ǰװ׻꣬һŪڹ֮䡣ˣɳҲ
ǧ֮⣬ƾðһӰƮƮҷֹ̤ѡ֮䣬ѵǧɵԶչ£˶ʼɵ͸һůĹԵ˫Լ΢̵ǹһĨЦ⣬ԵõȻݣɣ
һˣ˵̨һ뿴֣ȴ¡ٶȥȻȤվ̹Ȼԡǧͣ£󷽵ؾʾλѣ񡭡
ɫɡ
ǵӰϤȴֺİǵڵľСӵΪһĿȻ´ʱȻ˿ǳɢĪƣȻʦۻżַ·𡭡
о˸ŭ⡣ԭǸһмӣֻϧǸС̫ѱҪ֪ǲʶ̧٣ﳤȥ˵Ҳˣҳ룬ȥħǸϾħ޵·ĪΪԵˣΪΪ
ÑҲһԣ԰䱸
̨ԶԶ㿪ȴȻܵԳһ⣬֮ǰĸ״Ȼͽзأһߡ
Բֻý̲Уǰӭ˼ָƬ̣ųʵϵܣԵ̾ϢԵηЦ
һվΣʷд裬Ħ첻ԸʶеϧڷЦ˫֣һֵ֣ٴμλϲԽأǺǡЦԶãټǴӣ˵ĵĶͽֱˡ
ϵŲ£Ҳ뱨͵ЦݣȴûЦԵ齩Ӳ£򶨵Ϥȡħǣ˷顭Ļû꣬۽͵س鴤ţֻ͡ԷͷΪˬӦеĳ벹һաҹλҲ¸Ϥ˳
ħ޵λףȻһ롣Ҫһ򾡵ͷ̫šðɣɶҲ˵ˣ
ֻͷ䣬ٹ˲ö룬Ȼ̧һӣŭһϷ御ȴΪʱλ׵Ĭʾ⣬ٿȻȥǧɣ˲סһ·Ҳ˳ǰȻҪֶԸǸĸ󻼡̨ǳ£Ҳ໥ɢڳһļơ
ת֮䣬һѱλ˵䡣Χްţֻɫ⣬ȴֲΪȻҡҡͷ
ħ޵ƴܾˣˡ̨ľٶʹһлӰͽ㲻㣬ٺõļı벻һ˫ȭӮ
ĳȻˣҪһ
御
һüһŲæĳǾλλ׵ֱȡħǵĽڣǰδõлĩ˻ƵĶӡ⾿御塭ݲ⣬ΪпСˣĪʶαӣ˳ϲҡ
ⷬǶ⣬ƼѪ
ԿҲͰˣ˭ԼСأһף潫ĳɵˡȻҲʹ죬ͱһ顣
ᡣǱˣΪ
ѿæֻرܡλҲ֪ɫ
ԹۣĪغһ˲һǴʹ졣
һǴ̹ȻҲգֻǰĳˣж
Իϸ
ĳǧħ֮۰˻ģѰְ
һּįҡҡͷ漴۹һתͱ˵ĳȴħĽѾãֽ̡λ֣⣬Ǻǡֻ˵һ⣬ûпڵĻᡣֵЦʵ޿̣
֮ǿ󣬿ħ޾Ŵ֮סΪǽڶ졢ľ磬ҲĶ֡񲻽սλһϡⲻս
ûзΨ۹еĺŨ
һ˦ҷüŭ֣߳һ˱ʰ㣡
ͬȨ֮ƣĶԹδ⡣֣Цأ
԰꣡Χ֮У޿ɳ֮
˼æֹǸбνֽ̲ǱԹѵڵĽڡһԵֵһաҹڣˣл˵
һʼͷ۹ӹܣ˵ܿܣ׸ԡʹĳһߣֺա
ɫмȻĻ͸а֮⡣ӮȻõһУÆ¡
Ǻǣһܿܣ
ŭЦ̧һڣȰ˵ԻǰӭȥŨصɱֵ˵ͨˣ֪ħ޵ֶΣҷһϸ£Ҳڳĸλķڷ
λħ޳ϿǿҼΪԵȴһçײ֮ˡԼ̣֮֮ڲ֮ءҪò֪ôĶʳ
һÿɷ΢΢һЦɫгɡ
ʢҷֳʤ֮ǰ˲֡ʦ֣Լ֤
ڳ߾Ϊħޣ˴
Цеħǹĸ룬šһƣ޶ԡ
ҪСкγֻƾħ޵ֶΣ統ľǰǿ


1480 ֶԾ
ڳ˳̨֮⣬ʶһǿ׺
ֻһΪͷ˰ˡԵ裬ڶ̶̵ҲܿܣƾʵΪһʱĽթ䡣ħΪУ˵ĲϳͣҪ
űʤİգ
̤ǰҷƼշĽü۹⣬ӣԼ׳޲ηɭȻɱ
ԭթΧ֮ڳԹ۵ļƣľٶּɡ
СӻȴδһѾõħ޳ϵĶ֡ʩչħֲͨ١ʹĵһҲսʤ֮ʱҪֶ
ǿ֮УӰ
һԭĬĬܵΡֻǰҲǰ˿
ǵʧķ裬Ȼ˭һߣҪֻ֣סĳʹñ˴κεĻת֮Ȼˣֻ˺Ƥ˶ϡҶԷһ飬໥¼ء²ĸҪ侮ʯ
һᣬԵǳθޣвħ֮澳硣ұʶһ£ʲôħ
ǧ֮⣬ɫֲֶʧϡ
һأԱ˫֣ʵΪħ
üһչħΪ
һ΢΢ЦصʱҲ˵ĳԴΪȻи򡣶ʱʱ֪һвˡʣΪ
ӦͬĶ֪ͬ壬֮νʢӡ
һ΢΢ҡҡͷţŶҲɼҲԣԶҲ
ħ޻ޣй֮˵޾оߣ٩٩̸ǶǶѱ档ѵ⼸䣬ԱԼҵħͳȴϾһ׻⣬һʱ޴ԶԡҪ֪һգȫŻԵصЦƵľȡĪ˵ִ£۵ͬͷת
һԹ°ҼΪԸˣʾȻšɼԣ޵Ϊںη֮֮˵˾ҪǿռϷ硣ֱƴ֮ǰƵǿҲΪҪ
Ǻǣ
һǣΪϿҵǸ޴ڡ
ɫһ߳ſڴƻƣ
ܵ裬ŭ˼ʶȤֵʱ˷ִ磬ٲƴ¿ɳ֮С˿˵Ǹ
˵˼ʦĽԡϲ֪ҲͰˣɸ񡭡
һЦݽգŭĳľͣ㡣üһ裬ҷۻȻ漴ֵɽȤ˵ԣУϾ죡֮˲䣬ڵڣ˻ӿٿȻ漴ֵӳӡɱ£䡣
һȶ֣ɵ΢΢һǻȴͭӶڰջ죬񣬶˸дĪ
ħ벻ҵִΪҪ˳Ȼ֮صĵľԵںҪ壿
תĹһʮɵѪҺХɱƲɵľ޴ӰǬķη޴Ӷܡ
ͫ΢
ħӡӡһټ϶Բķ쾳ƣԺɨ˻Ķ޵У֮ǿǲС
룬ӱۺţּʱһɶ೤ĺɫħ档֮кɫħȻʮɡʮɣ˲Сɽһɷڿն

͵һǹâ漴ٿȻһɲǣǻ翪ϵǬŭʱѣŭɱڡӰȻֿɫͬ
һ˰ٶɣҡβֹ֧ţ²쳣ȴǰ֪Ҫ͵Ϯе졣
ֱǧ֮⣬ſסΡ͸ŰݵǵӰסԼɫ㵡
Ӳƴ֮£ʤδ֣˲ͨȡɣǿΪԼǷľ·硣ҡʲôĪơ
֮ͬʱܵ˽ڹעųеΡ
ϵ˫ƾУĿȻûռκαˣǽ⡣һСѳɳΪȼĸ֡
ĬĬɫк⽥Ũ
СӵΪȻĳ£ʤһ⻹ҪĳѪɷ֮ǿɶ񣡶սʤԵװģѵͽ
̨಻ԶԹۡ꣬ĬĬӣ˴ɫ
ǳ׼Ǹһ̫ǿˡѼʱתõ׳⣬˼λֵıӻ
νıӻʱֻһְο
̨֮ʣܵȻһ䡣ֻ˼ⳡϵĶû뵽Σ⽵١֮˲䣬ŵĹâͷ¡ҪٿȻʧͬʱ䡱һըͻδܣѱ͵ĻӰʧ
һĹˡ
Ψʧæλ׾۵һСĽ䱸Ȼš
ûаסڵĸ֣ô˫˫°͵ϮĿ֮²вʯսһСҲ˵͵ϮߵҸɴֶҲ̾Ϊֹ˭
ڳУӦ伫죬æӶħ棬ܶʱɷƶɭϡ漴Ȼ̧ۿǰּŭ㡭
ǿ֮УһӰЩµȴƷū\ȻѲȺҡΣеȥָ˳̬Ȼмӣ̨ȴʶ̧٣ֽ˳ȥҲ徻
˭ֻһ
ֵʱ˲֪ؼ˷ȶԸ̨ʰ˾ԷҲ벻Χ֮ͻȻѣҪľ⧲֮µһ֡徻滰ΧΪ⡣
ֶԾֹ㡭
ŭ߳ǣȻ֮ģһ̽󣬶ʱȻһĶ֡˭ȴװģֻΪ˽й˽ߡ˼ܣһ̵ӣ
һûбѵŭصн̣ĳһֻ£
ν֮ƢԡԷʱħ޳ϵļӣʵЩȤ
ֻһĿˣŭ֣ºڹһȻǣȵСӣս
֮ͬʱԹ۵еħǹ


1481 ɷ
ŭ֮ʣһ۹ӹܡ
һǧ⣬ǾһÑá̨ٲҵġȥǺ嫵ǿգûоͷ
ֵǧ⣬ֳħǹɫЦһͷҹɫпӵޡ
ԶǺڰãã޼ʡ
ǰʮ⣬һ׳۵߲ʹâס˰աν硱֮Ҳǡ֡أԶеķ򡣶بĻһӰǲˣѼʶħ콵
ת֮䣬ȻǰɣüĿϡ·𣬶аȴˡü֮ɷᣬ׳֫ɽʯеħ棬˳ƻ֮ޡɲ⣬ʵʣҺڹ˸ƥɢɱη
һüʶѪһ
ˣǰ˻֮УΪǿĶ֮һھε֮Ҫ߾ȫάħ޸˵ϣ
ɣ
ĳԴս֮󣬱ѲǸһζ֮ˡǶ£ĳҪսǿĶ֡ɽԽ룬ĳҪִߵ۷塣Ȼ۶ӣղڣȻһ⣬ĳҪ;ķ羰һĨʵ㼣ƵᣬŨīزʣѪ飬Ϊдգ;еĴ棡
ɣؼ֤
һ˫ֻ裬ƬƬ˸ķĿ㼲ɶǧөķɭĪɱǹĿǵ֮䡣
Ȼħ񣬸ߴķǰСӰһƳ̤漴ź˵ֳֵħݺ
һ־һգǧһʮ˸ķ˲ʧ
֮ͬʱħԱ֮ƺХǡɽʯ轵ݡɳԼɵħУֱħƵŰ໥֯ٲȻҪƲɵ
ǻذľκ֮£һӰϰСȴȻ׶ҷշɱ˺˷˾ֵħ漴µɲǣ͵ָ̧ȥ
һѪ⻮գΪ΢ҺϢǡһֻԸֻۣԿ硣˲䣬һط϶Ȼŭ磬ٿȻǬһ߰ʮɵľ޴ӰƿնϮ𡭡
䡪
ħײ˸ӰؼΪ֮һ漴һĺ쳹ķ쭺ǧ
һ͵ȥһƬҶ衣
˼ȻռϷ硣޴Ӱ΢΢һΣӶеħǰ׷ȥ俴СӹȻǿóħͨȴǵֲסԼȫһ
ʤɰܣ
ħ֮ټȳ̧һ̤ѰʿĶݷ֮졣ת֮׷һ⣬Ҫû֣ȴ΢΢һ
Ȼͻ;УѻӶеħǹɱڵħŴУ֮ǲ͸˼˵СթϢȻؽ֮ӡ
ǧľһΪԶԶգȴĿ֮ɱ˾ˡΪߣ˼رħ޵֡ΪˣᡣҪ֪СӵǿթֱǳǲΧ֮ûʹɱֻ֣Ժ޻ᡣ
ȴǲϷ²¼ɣ
ǰȣ˲֡ǸȴԼռϷʱͻȻ⣿Ըһˣõ
ԲС
֮ʣÑɱδϵǰȻԻħ֮еڰдʾ⣺һ縺ɻʴħŵͨҹϵž;䣬ȣϡ
λʦּˣʩչе뷨Ϥ档ȻˣζȫԸ־ڱصã
Ȼٹ˼ɣ󲽣Ӷħǹ˲䣬ȥ׺ݣÑáֳħǰ
֮Уһڷͣ
⣬ĵ޴ӰԻӶħ桢ħɱȻǱȴ죬һͷŵֵҰǣȻſѪڣ˳ƼͬݵħǹһĺڹХ
һȻƲ²޴󰭡Ǳ֮УȴĶ
һλħλħ޳ϣټλħ޵Ĵףλڵĸ֣ͬһʱȻѣֻҲҪֲοĳΪвһ˿棬ȻÑáΧȺʩչħ콵ķţ׼Ҳߣħ廹ħ콵ĳ˲ɡ
ת֮䣬ǵĺڹѴϵɱ˰֮⡣ĵ޴ӰһɷɵۿűҪΪնǿΧһͻȻֹס˷ȴδʹգ˳ֳ̧һָдʣҫ˼תһ
һ̣һָͻȻһ⣬ǳ˸ɲǣȻڿնըȻɫâ֮ۻƥķء
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼʲôһݶȥ
ÑáͷɺΧ֮ơǰͻȻâĿǡǬת㸲գ֮䣬ɱʱ羪κ˰ҵƣֱսȻ޴롣ֻгɣ㽫ںƵ֮У
׵壬ҪΪʱ
ҲΪͻȻ͵ػӶеħǹǰȥǴĿĹâ֮ȴ̺ŲɿŽӶħǹ㡰顱һȥ漴ƲɵķײȻ޴ӵֵſһѪȻ뵽һֻľ֮Сʱ˼ʣֻ׹ֻأֻΪδ֪Ī
Ҫˣ
ȴע޴Ӱѡħǹ޴ҡҡ׹Ȼ޾壬ֻҫ۶ĿĹ
顢顢顪
죬Ӱյɡе飬Ѫȴִɷޡ
ͷ͵ش˸ս
ɷޣ֮ԭеֿ֮Ծת޵ķţŷת졣˷ǿ֮
Ƿ±߿ֹ֮Ȼתƴ˫һȫƾ
ÑáҲ˫˫ŵûɢֻһ١һʱĺʹö˲˿ĵ
䲻ݻÑáﵽ󣬲һԾ޴ħ֮ѸõħȴȻӺһæҵĶԷʱֹסơ漴ţǰ̣һϥֻķԴԴϼ
õ˼ӳ֣ΪȻǣ֮ƣʮվΡֻ̺ĹȻĿƣƺƵɱɡ˱ڼж֧ţȴǿһץɢħǹȥ漴յǰϢ֮˫ۡ˺̧ۣͷս


1482 Ӳ
ǴĿĹ⣬ҫķԶԶǹյĹâǻľޱʼƾϽƵֻⷽڱе߸ֻأ
һأն졣
ķӳ֮£ƹԵ۵֮ƺɨ߲Ҳ΢΢ζ
һ޴ȴڰ֮ǿŲһǣ˲Ѵһʮ֮ߣɷƶƾˣ
ȻϦ˲䵲סŭϮĿÑáħԹŹֵķ˵ΪǿһˡʱΪȻ̫徳ͨħ
⣬Ӱޣǳû㵽Զ
һܵοЩ⣬ҲЩΡ
ʾ޷Ҫ̽Ȼλħ޵ĸ¶׶ʵʹ°Ըϣ˵ľֹҲ֮Сųûʹ˭һӦ֮졣νġɷޡǽ˵ķΪħ֮Ϊסĳͨ˲ת
ħӡһȻǿȴȡʤһʽҫ˼ĳΪɱУȻͽ޹ָǺãӲΪķ
һԼ˼ֱһӡ
˲䣬ؼͨʧ漴ƽپȥղ١
Ǵ˳̧һ̤Ա׾ȴƺ磬߸߾еǧħ棬ͬըװһ־ܡŲǰÑƯŲԵķԴԴϼǰһ壬βͣΪĹ졣
һǾ޴ӰͬһСɽȥɫԶ
ڴʱͻȻðһ֮ģͬħ콵ɱϣһ֮һ̤ʮԽӲûѳ嵽˽ǰ
ٴǼ򵥵ͶȡɡסǹâĿͨκιǡʩչħ콵ɵΪҪ书һۣ߾ȫһ
ûǰȥ
бӶħǹɱ졣
ǿ֮У޴ħһһֺϻǰȴĻӰСһֻϰĹ¶
һˣ̧ͷ
Ϊͳ죬ħ֮֡Ǻ֮һҪʤһ۱˴ˣΪǿ׺ĴڡʹĳеֶҲӦȴҪһжֱֿԡʱ˿̣·
һתȻӶ˫֣ʱ˸
ʮ־ʮһˡʮһʮһǧһٶʮˡǧ־֮ǧʮ־ǰǧһʮ־ɳ֮ʣħӡһ֮ʱ
һȴδգ־Ŀ衣ٴμǧ־˵ͻȻ¡ʶ֮ףƾΪѲ֧ħӡһӡһԸ޴ħ񡭡
Цȡħ޵ħӡղˡûΪʩչ˰ӡһӡһҲǵʦûдڵԵʣѶ󲽽׷˫಻ʮ
һ޴룬ȥǱ˸ķǵɽˮĵزȴѪ⸡ֶת֮ðһģһӰ֮ʱԷϣת˲ѽĶɡ
죬Ȼӱǰȥɫľ޲ȻǧħŰɱǵء
Ҳ½̧֦һָɵħǹȻɳһɫХǧ
һۿ޴ܣûнǧӳӡǰһ̤ǧɡ̶̵ĴϢ֮ʮӰϡ֮ʮԪٿȻɳһ˫ֻӶɡ
ĹԪѽԵķϵ˴˻вͬ໥ȴֺ
֮ͬʱĺƴһ˲Ϣ
ڴ˿̣һΪʮӰƣܸз˸ĹżתɲǣӰŷȥȴȻûеӳӡǾ뱾Ϊһ塣漴ֹסƣ˫üߡ
ĳµľ磬ʩչħӡʽ֮ͬʮֵ־ɳǣֻ뽫Եķӡβ̶໥ںϣƾɷǰΪ㣬ӡһкѡΪһսȫҿĳʩչһǧ־ľӡһ
ڷӰʧ˲䣬һ˫ۺչ׳Хʱҷ¡顱죬֮ǡ죬Ȼѳ֮ޡŭ˫ĿѪ⻷ƶ񱩵ɱȻƺȻգȻ콵ɷʮһۻħ
״һ
СӾȻáħ콵вԣǲ֪Ľħ֮˾һħ޴͸а޴͸űŰصɱ
ҵһһҼ߶ơÑáҲǲһǿ
ʤɰڴһ٣
һ֮ʣ̧ץСһ죬Ȼһ޴ĺɫħħ滷ƣѪɱɭɭƿħУʵǬɣ˫ֳָŹǰħǹħݺȥ
ǿת˵Χһıٵ˫ǿӲײһеķֻڼϢ֮䣡
䡪
ħƥɲǣϮСɽĺƶȻ
ɫ΢䣬͵˺˼ߴ׾ǿҡҡλεҲȤζֻǸԾʧģǱ˲޴󰭣漴ǿͣ£ٴץħǹħ棬ҪӲƴס俴Էһڣռƣȴδس־ãӮʤδ֪
һֳ־޸Ȼ
ʲŵһԿ˵ǿһһҪʩɫ
һǵƲˣ䲻ȻɵȻʮֵ磬˲ѵͷϷӸ£ħ
в飬æʾ⣺֡
ƴʱΪǸͷħ޵˶ԿУֻ
⣬ħǹǰӭȥ
һȴܲˣһ˹ȥ
һѪ⻮գǡƲǼ׹ķȻʱ췭ظ˲䣬ħǹȻħ׿Ȼҡ
ҪӦ䣬ΪʱҺһֱֱ˳ȥ;Уҡҡ׹ȴͻȻӿ죬ǴŲظħ֮Ӷݶȥ
һ֮󣬷һǺ죬Ϯħ浴Ȼ޴档䣬̧СɽĽƱĿɿڴͷ̤ȥ顱һ죬̤ɽ͡Ǿ޴ħ֮ʱɢֳյ쭳Ѫɽҵ龰Ҳ͸żֹ׳
꼰£Ñ۳׹
һ̧һӣԶߵӰ
λߣֱǷ顢ҹ˿žҵȼλѣ̧ͷǸߴϵħһ㵾Ȼֹ
ηοһ
һ˵һƳתž޸󲽶ȥӲ


1483 
ʲô֮ͨΪãɺ绽תǬǼ࣬ȴҲ򷨹ֻ֮ˣԶԶδ¶̤ǳĵزǾֻܱȸͷƴȭͷƴĽ׷ӡ
ǿ֮У۲ͣ
ԶԶȥܵӰǻţ֮ѵ˰֮⡣Ȼҽңֻ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Сӱ֮󣬱֪áϤΪʹħӡʽʹʽΪ޴ħ̧֮־䶼ԻأֻҲҪ˱ᡣʣ˭ֵܵ
ǺһΪϲߣ֮ʹ˼ʹѰطչأֱ쾳νľ죬ӳ顣ֻȺʧȥħҶʦܣĴæʵȻ˻ûκΣ
λʦܣһҶ࣬
˻֮ʣͷһƳ΢΢Ŀ
ǧ֮⣬̤ƶ
ӿȥƣ޴Ӱǿгǧɶ೤ķâ֮䣬ҵĻ߲ʽҲڻơӳ˴ع鵽嫵İ˻
һûŹ
ʱһα׷ɱҳϦǰ;Ī⣬̻Ȼɥ֮ȮʱǨڽǿ󣬲ⷽؼͦվ˽ŸҪƾȭƽķҪǵסȥ·ɽ幵־ڽ¡
ǸΪħ֮Ľթǣ˲¡ΪҰģҪǿһͷӻغģƱشҡΪ˵ԼΪ˺ڣֻΪ˸Ϊյ̣ĳնи
һ̤׷ǧ֮⡣ԷԶȻ޸
ǰħ˻ʱ˺ķĳţ漴һͷŭޣǧɵѪֱǰӰХȥ
ȥ𶯣ͷʱɫ䡣
һѪ磬ʱƳ¡¡ǹĸӰɭɭķâ棬Լ񱩵ƣ޲ľսʽħӡһ壬ǧɱһˡħѪһһ췣
Ļң߾ȫǰ񱼡
֮䣬κ˻Ȼ
Ͼܣ˫ħ塣䡱һ֮У޴׻漴ǰ͵һڣű֫׹ա
һ󲽸ϵһȴû׹·Ӱݺ̤š顢顱죬Ǿ޴ħ֮ɣ̧һ̤ǰ׷ȥ˳ץħ
֮⣬ǡ硱ıԵǰȥããޡ
顪
ڴʱǰͻȻһ졣йâ˸漴ӰĺˣסѪǱ
ħ֮Ӷݣ˭ϻУȻһͷײεĽơԴ㵣ʱȻ
˴ޱ߼ʣʵرݶԽǲȻ֮ǰֺαഩ鶯硭
ڲæҪתѰȥ·
һʱ׷޴ӣɵ˿붼̧һֻ˹ȥ
ó㣬ǰо޸Хæת˭һֻźȻ£ǡɽʯʴӡ顱һ巨˲͵ط˳ȥδӦ䣬һֻŴ
һʱ֮䣬һһСӰ塣
һɵľ޴ħĪ׺飬ֻֻ̧СɽĴͲȣһظߣħҿѪ֣ʹöԷ޴Ρ
һ߶ߵӰСЩұ˶Ѫһ˵áͻξ޸·ӡֻ֮䱶ɫ޴롣
һЩæҡħ֮ĸͷ̫Сˣͬ󱲣ΪƻƾҲȣ׷ϣԷǲϾͷԵΪǿ
ʱֻŭ챯Ϊħ𡢺ĸˣʱܱܲһŲҧȥԸþϲк֮£
ͣǰ̧һ϶ħδ£æƴ˹ȥת֮䣬һӰȻ¡ˣСӵŲãȻȭͷ
顪
ûü㱻ȭж͵ȥ̶ֻŽɽַŰѷʱѪģǶϽۣأʹ̲ס
顢顢顪
һܲˣǼŲ¡ֻŲˣͣɢȥħ֮ħӡ쾡¡
ȴѪˣ֫ɢƯŶҲȫޣΪҡԶԶȥһʬ
һָ˱ģ쳤һɫ͸һ˿͵ľ⣬漴
һ֮Ըλ֡⣬ȴһԵһսƴȡʤеʱˣƾһԵһһִšһ¸ңճʮֵˣôԶ
һ˫֣ʮ⡣ŶԷԴ˵Ϲұɷ׻һ̣
֪Ǽɵ׻𣬻ǹϧ£֫ϥڣ˺۱鲼˫Ҳ콻ӶҲ̶áȻˣƻΣֻΪȥ˰˾ųɣȻɽˮĵز
һһЦΪе޴󰭣ǷЩҩ
ή٣̶ȴ΢գ͵ŭҡȿȡȳһѪ
Ⱥκңֽҵλֵ˶ʮꡣҲؾѪɷɱλ¡˴ǷԹһʹȻԩ޳ֺαҪ㣿
һҡҡͷֵˣǰˡʹ֣ջһͿءҪɱ㣬ֻ֮͡вףĲֺ̡ηķڷԸķء
滺Ȱο壬мѭյġ
۽һȴǲ²͸Է⣬߳ʩչħͨʤôʽħӡȡû˵ֽ꣬ס˼¡
һˣǰͬŵС޳ħӡյӮδ֪
һĪЦЦ޵ƣ˵вֶΣҾҪħ޵ͨҪ֪ĳħ𡭡
ɫһĬĬ
˭ֻҪӵ쾳磬޳ħӡԳΪħ޵ĵۻǧ֮ڵִ۷޼ǰλȴʦ֮һˣ
Ƭ̣͸˵Ҫδҡ
һڴȦӣطԲȴʼղٿ֡ü΢̹ȻߣҴǰ죬ҴħӡһԶʤھת޵Ķȶ֮


1484 
ǿ֮УӰС
Ķ֣ĳУھһĶǵĴս֮¶Թߵһֻһ˾ֹƮݣһĴݣһƣȻŽٺǱ
ѾۣϧɳΪʲôΪħ޵ĴУҪ֮ٽһ㡣ͷһ񣬷ǲ㶪˭Ͼ֮ʣԵ
żǵӰƳһۣ˿ѷµҩЪϢţҲǻָյļɡľΪصƣûʮϰľ޶Դá
ˣԵԵ
ǰ죬ٺòҪΪ˻ģⷽصڱУ
ħӡħ޵ʦŴУѾá
Ϊ˶ĵģǶȶ֮ϤŶ֮٣ıؾ֮;ҲͻƵϷšĳ֮Թ㲻ǰ򾳽粻㡣Ρתޡ̫ڻɬҪ̸ס
Ǹһŵĳǰ죬ħӡʽӦľʵŶ޴ѡҪ֪йضȶ֮ʹʦԼҲˡΪˣǧġħݡ˾Ȼ˵Ĵȣͼʥ;Ϊôء
֡
룬סſڣֳ
ɵǿΪ𣬵Ҳؾ񡣶һĲɱָ֮·֮飬ټϵҵڣΪֻ֮̿֡ͻȻƺߵĽвڡ
һ˫ȻǰҲһۣȴƽ˵Ϊͬˣһӣ
֣˲ͬеˣҪԹеˣ֡
һ飬̽֡뻽һֵܣͷһ黹ǽһȥ
һΪȻص˵ͷûƺϡ
Իָ˼򶨡־ְɣȨơʵֽ֪ζԴˣ
һȥƲͣӦ;мįֺη༸顭
⡭
Щ⣬ѵҪԼǼϼһΪ飿£Ǻѵ㲻÷˷顢աҹ۵һ࣬ѶԸ
˻Ҳʣµߴħ޸¾ۼٴԡɷޡԿһлԤϡһȻشóƼԳΡȴݶԷط꣬Щ
һŤͷ΢΢һЦ˵֮УĪ⡣ܴܲųС·˵Ҳǣ֮⣬ǰľٶһ̽˻ģؽͷ
ͷȻ漴΢΢һ˵ĬĬС
һƣҲߴ٣ֻѰĶݷ·û
Сչط
ֵսѻعռš߲ʣѤȻްĪɡԶķȴޡ
·ɣҲЪϢǷϵԺתֻϵ׻űĺۼſյԼӴǺЦҡͷҵܻȻжشе⣬˽Ѭרϰѳ֣յԵɡδɱ֣ȴʼղ㡣㡭
㳰ЦһɡһʱһʱǧֻܻȻһ̾
һ̾ϢڶУǷֻ۹˼
߸˳˷顢աҹ֮⣬µÑá˼Уûڹ
һɫԶ˵ҴһΡ죬̧ץת֮䣬˫˫ʧ

ʱһһŮû·
ӵòᣬɫڣ׳׺ŮӺƻ̬ȣȴüۺŭеһѻСɱ
Ů⣬ΧλڵĸˡԷֱһƵϸòѰߡԶԶվԶɫ
С־ܣؽ֮ӡ
ޣӣ㲻ɡ
Ѿͷ˺졭
ߣΪħ޸ˣȴģʦ֣Ҫ㡭
࣬Сġ
ϸ˼ڽӣƶԷ˭ǺŮȻ²ãȴˡȻŭȵѾͷ
Ӽæ˫ȭ裬Ҫƴλͬʱ֣ʱѱ֮֡ԵŮӶʱ֮жԶɵú޺ǣҺ㡭
Ů£ڼȻ޾壬Ӧʦ֣ӣ߹һء
һһŮǶǡ
ʦѭͷ·β·ȴоմ˻򣬲ǡһȺħ޵ĸˡвλϣλħ޴ס
˫ط꣬νԩ·խ
ȴϻرܣǰѯʴʦֱϿ䡣
֪ΪΣ޶ԣÑҲĻģΨзʢ󣬳ʶôСѵ
ԭǻӣ첻µز£漴༥ʹԷ֮١ΪʦѣԴΪҡ
ŭɶ̧Ҫ
͵ϮҾǡ
˾ٸŭ˷飬Źաҹ˱׷Ϊߺ޵ؽţƱҪݺݳԲ֪ʦá
ԴУߴӡԷ̫ǿջûӵ
ɵһŽ֮УνֶҪ֪ʦֶѱֻ˾ʹ˶ڼ³ûһ˿Ľҡ
̧һץЦԣߡ
ȻǺ޼ǸѾͷǾĥһͷŭ
ɼطɳ˽ƣȴȻܸ֫޴ȴӣӣܻʰġ
λĵŮȻȴóˣҲؼ䡣ӣǰûɶ䣬ȴǴ˷һ䡣
кһɱ֡
ߣʰʰѾͷ
飡ֺαСһʶ
ǡڴʱԶٽΪ׵ҵλͬ飬̲סȰ衣ԵüΪɫްÑá£ӦƲᡣԱߵǸΪ׳ֱͦȻţҵĳסʱʱἱ
ΪѾõѣ龹Ȼһ˿棬漴۹һбͱ˵˭ң
̣֮ǰǰ㵣ַų룬Ի˿Թ˵ˣԿաȻˣִֺš仰δ䣬Զһ̾Ϣ۹һתͬܵÑҲĬĬҡͷ
ǵ˵ˡյңֹһˡ޹ΪǷغҲ֮أͽκΣ
ȴǼΪغһ߳λң˲ݡ
˹աҹλ׵ƴӣƲ˵ʧǣĪ˵طɣǷϻöһ䡣̧һѽץУݺݵѾͷôǲ㡭
֮ͬʱĻԶס֡
漴Ҫŭȴһ


1485 
ǿ֮УٿȻӰ
еһɲǣ̬ŭķԶʱ벢£漴˿ɣֹ͸Ųһֹ
ÑáһɫĬĬˣĪ
աҹԹֹ֣
عأץǲ֣ǿԹܳѾͷθɡΪһкν飬ֻǶԷΪԼ
һ۹ӹˣЦЦص˵ͷתڷϣü΢΢бǣû߳ȣҲûж˵⣬ֻôһ䣬ɵȴǽ޴ӿܡ
Ƴ鶯£ȻҪ˲䣬غһֽ˳ȥԹбɱūͣҪؽ硭
ܲһʢˣȴֲҿס£µܶѼաĿ֮£ȴҪίСģūûЦ緵ؽ磬ƬУ˵һ
״ҹæ˽ơ
ǲŽȲӭǰȥڳơϴ󡱡
һЦǰʦãͻȻطĲ죬Ҳûѣֱ˵лԺ˵
ԵüΪܣҪࡣ˵ͷ⣬ʶȤһԣȴֿܣסɻ䱸ȣõҡֻϴȻȺħ޸ߵһЩ˼顣нֹ֮£׺ݵķ飬ԼպյԼˣԸģʵ
֣Ծ󻼡
ڴʱͻȻһ䡣仰˵һ㵽Ϊֹ漴ƳˡҪ侮ʯ
ȻһֱͷȴûԶĶǹȴְػģɵɫ΢Ȼһ˦ҷ̧ͷ߳ʣһˣ㻹Ҫնɱɡ
ǰְ̧˰ڣ͸żɪ֮⣬ϵܣӴҵ˳֮ʹ˸̧֡
һ˫֣ǹϵҡҡͷ
޺߬˫ȭֱͦŭҪ񡭡
һڴ顢աҹλȴ޶ԡ̾תɬϵܣЩڣοգ
Ҳǣʹ˫ȴޣ޷ССĹڰˣлһ˭ܵңҪתѶܹ顢աҹĵ꣬Ļ䡣ǸĻȻҲ˳Ͷϣ
̧ۿȥ콻ӵֻ͵΢Цֻͷ£ѪӿҪǿ֣漴۹һƳʱһңסſѪֺۡ
ÑáΧ˹ο˴˾£ֻǸͬܡ˲䣬ͬԼԶ顢աҹԳĿɿڴ
ֻһϣһԲ̡Сӯ磬ƽ΢΢â֮𣬶Ӧҳ֮Ϊ
һƿ赲ǰмƮѪײɢأԽһеԲ̣ŵҡͷ͵óԼصľȻȻм٣㡭
ڹźϹвоͼ;Ϊ˵õħǲϧ󶯸ɸꡣѰ˴λ׵Ĳһб˷롣ʱ˿̣Ȼðһö룬֮б١ԭһڰЦ˻Ҷ벻֪

һҡҡͷԳֵ̹Ȼеľֻٰе;ͿĨӺҶֶεҲһޡʾ£ŷ˵ƷΪҺʱһɡеͼ·ȴ𡣡
ڳħ޸ˣаλɫȻĪ
մʱʲôˡ
ڹź֮һϤһС˵ʱͶڹźϣԼʹĦ֮һµĿ๦һԭ֮ʣе·ͿĨ޸ġҲ˵֮⣬֪ȥ
֮һûһ㣬սħ𣬳ɾǧ𡣽ֽģƽħǣٲ׷鶯򡣵ҶƣߵʱЦķеһУ֮У
һһЦֵȣû˭ǰ졭
ȻڶһŲĸп̾ҵ֮Ūڹ֮䡣˵ͣΪ˵ĻҲΪ桭̧һӣƷ˳ȥû·ľûľѪһɣֻƾɶޡ
ʱΪ˹źɱ˿ĿǿУڳ߾Ȼûһȥᡣ
һ̧ץԶȥٿȻɻءŴ󳹴ЦЦ޹˵ĳǧ˰ͣȻСˡʹԵɣĳΪҲáĻƲƲǣֵĳȻԣȴӲй֮ġֻԵԵȥ̻̣һҳڣ
ܾţ
ڳһǧǧ˰ٵ͸ֵһӡλȴ٩٩̸һɣߡ˵о
ĬȻƬ̣ɵù˫֣˼ãաϵ֮Զ壡
һϵûˣȡ֮һƺ««һھƣ漴֮䣬Ϊϧ£Ӧĳ룬ȴʵһ
£ʵϵܣָ֪ηҵȣ˴ػͷһƳأǿͦȴ΢΢ҡΣΨнյ˫ȭȻɫ͸ı׳
һŲԶ΢΢һЦת˵ߡ
£Щʧ䡣
Ȼֻһ˵Ҵλǰ죬ʾڸλʱգұ߳ʱ
һȻ⡣ˣСʾ
΢㵣漴աҹ鲻Խǰһɫڴ
ڴ˴Թ۵ģֻжǡλħޱһʰ÷˾ְ֮࣬̾ѣǰԼʾʱΪ֮һ
ɫתصϵܣҵһ
һ˫֣ɣ˵ĻȴǸӸɴ࣬ĸ֣ã
һЩ֪롣
ߣ̣һ䲻ݾܾ͡ӣͷϸʱڳİλħޣ꣬µ֧پһڡ
ƲǼλѵѶϣȻԼҲᱻ͵ϮԮ֡Ⱦֵһػδգϵ㡭
ҹ˵ҶҲػ֮
Ƭ̣εһ˿ЦӦϵܼкͼ־ҵȲһ֮
ĬĬ̧ͷȻ̾


1486 ӲѰ
Ñĸ˴һϥѰգҽ̫ˣЪЪɣ
աҹһȴЪϢֻ۹ŲԶ⼸Ӱ
λǻ빲ѣȴͻȻԶֳȺ˴˼ͬ·ˡԵɣ˵ΪĪĲġ
һ˶ͬĬĬܵĶϵѽʧӦò޴󰭡ڵĴȴǼΪأ֪ʱȬĪ䣬Ѱ
ճհֺ꣬οأ㵹ʦԿʲãأ˭ֲһҶƼҿ䣬нŲ̶̻ӰҴҡ
Զ۹һ˿Ϊ˲Ȼ꣬ҡҡͷתӰ
ҲԹΣǸһҲΪĳˣǸϼһƣߡ
ǧ֮⣬˵
ʦҵѷأµɻʴУ
ѯʹٴεõ϶Цտظֵٺ٣дʦڣҲ
ĺҲ¶Цݣȴֹ
û˺֮ǣϲͷ֪öβȴ޲ǼһﶨȻ߲ѣٺ٣ϴҲǰȥѰĦȭƣԾԾԡƢĻ飬Ц޼ɶֶ࣬ʵܣ
һƽλħ֮Ź˵Եûѯ˵ɣֻܽϿʵ档Է˿ûлת֮⣬̧֪ǿźԼӶ꣬ĬȻ
⣬ֳٳԿڡһæֻһǰԲڷļӳ£оŲʹâ΢΢˸
һʱһеָ̻ԭ״ûɣ˳ֽ֮ݸ˶˵ѽͿĨ·޸˴أء
ӹ̣ϵЦûˡҲСţǴ㵵ģ
һЩֲòײѰ˴ȻҪ͵طأ
ʧϴСܱ롭
˵ϴҲŲȥأȤлͷû˵꣬ȦˣԵһŮӣǼÿڲԶҡ
һ΢΢Цƾ˵꣬Է˫˫۹ڴŽ˵ҲǲԸλͬУֻӦϿֳ˹š
ɫһΡʦһŵԣĵĸԷǸ֮ˣȴǿԼСʦá
ǼֱţѰ˸һԲܲ˵ʦѰϴʦֵԼ޹ءҾǲߣߡ
һˣǣһƲԳתŶеʾ£ĳֵϵشǺͨΨһ֤ΪϹ󣬱Ϊ˻ݼˡҵΪߣЧн𡣶һֱȴԸǡ˵
֮ν̲ＫطȲѣ¶Ҫˡ
Ҳһʼձֵһ򡣲ǳ뽭Ժ;ת֮ǾΪơʶһ·־ڼãڶƣأҡ
統ɾջҶòн̣һΪʲôܺһءįãڴյҹɫҡҷԵĵƻ
ǻȻԭвʦȴ벻֪
һǰ˰֣Թ˵ִһԵЯգҸˣٶ˵תߣԶкʼȥ޾ͷֻһ⡭
ת֮䣬ŵӰѭ߲罥ȥԶ
һʦԭأɫ졣
ɫ΢죬ݽۣеûˣֻк޺޲ʵĻ
ϴ㾹ȻԼʦִŹźغģ֯һûʵĽڣ޷Ҫĵðϼ޻ǲŲȥأŴʦʦ֣ˣ
أԳԶֱӰһʧŻûʧұѰϴ񣬲⡭
Ƕʱˣµʦ֣ȥ˵ǣʱα㱾Ǹʹ֮ˡ
˼һԵƣ϶ʱһ㾽ɫ
СʦԼǣҶǸʹ֮ˡԴӳ˼δ֮һϴǰҲûҡԲλ࣬һԵľĽǹȥеĿԴ޵𡭡
ǼĬȻǰһе̣漴Ҫˡ£ֽֽգϥ
⣬ֻһػȴ̲סǰβס۵
ʦòԸȥԼֺγˡûȺֵĺģȺ˸ҹնȻʧɫ˴˴λԵֻϴ֮գԹУֵЦ޼ɵĳǰʵ
һʱȥڴ붨Ž˫ۣסſ³һСѪ
Ҳлعæѯʡ
Ĩ˰ǵѪµȻԼӱʶȴҲջ񡭡޴󰭣һöհ׵ӡ漴ȸԾ𣬾ŰԲ̣ҹȻ´Խ;ȥĴ·Ҳѡֻ׷ϴһУܽٸϻɣ
ȴֳɵϴС
һ⣬Ҳ֪ķͬСɡиˣֵΪŵԣȻҪʧȥֵܡΪˣҲΡ
ǱԹʦ֣ǺͿѽϴ֮ԳΪϴ󣬱ƽı¡
Ϊ裬
ǵϴԣѰ¶ֻܻ֮ӣ
΢΢һ
һǰ˵ִһԵЯգҸˡ˻к
ǼʦֻǺͿģĪˣͷϣе
˼š
СʦȻƢ𱬣ȴǸϻ֮ˡҲΪóǿʶҵ졭
뵽Сʦõĵ죬Էһʵдա֪ǣԷӳಫ׺֮뻢ͷҲʰ·硣
ӡ̧һףǽźݺ˳ȥӳ֮£ССԲǿлһɫĹâ˲䣬ʧ֮Ļ֮С
Ŀɿڴǣ㡭
ǿϹоأǳذ˻ڵɵ룬㱻ôһˡ
дʵߣԵϴ׿˵ͻ£ԵԵáŶһ֣תߣµϴġҸǡط֮⡣־Ͼ죬Ѱ·ʦ֣ҵûӰٿȻȥǿһ޵ĳϼ
ٳɣæ׷˹ȥ
ԣ˵Ī⣬ӲѰ


1487 Բ
һƬ߲ʹǰԶľŵӰۡ
֮⣬һֹסΡǵ߲ʹڴƬ̣תܵˣЦʵϣСؽƣ֪Σ
Ñáվһƣкת
΢΢ҡͷĬƬ̣˵˴޳ϡףϵֺ⡣Ϊֻȥгɡ仺һֵַν硯Ʊɴ翹ʵоŲƣࡢסࡢڡơϺڡࡢϳࡢϽ֮ɫ֡ΨһһԽֱ졣ȴˣϵܴͽ̣
˵˴̾һ
е;ѱͿĨڸǣ滹ʲôΪ֪⵽˴۸ġҪ֮ɻԵλĴױǰ֮Ϊˣھɥ֮¶˱һ־ɻᣬʵѿСС̣ʵ˲ǳţ
Ŷˡ
˼£˵Ųͬǰȥˮ֮ѣΪйأҵȾ粻ףӦݡ
һûٶ˵̧ץ漴ƣǰȻһ޵Ĺâ΢΢С͸żĪ⡣°һ̧ʾ磬ž߳ΣȴнǬ֮еҲݡΪ⣬λԱ㣡
Ñá΢΢ȣȴվŲ
ڵĸ֣޳֮ȴ޳ķԲ硣ΨˣпٵضǬ֮ܡһķؽ磬ֳ硣ɴ˿ɼľΪѴﵽ󼰵ĵز
˭磬ܶɰڲ
ȴΪܣҴҴŹաҹ̤ǵâ֮Сת֮䣬ʧȥӰ
һû˵飬ҲٵȴǻӶ䣬ǵĽŻ֮ʧ١
ʱǰ˹֣־Ȼ޳磬̾Ϊֹʷ걾ãֽܷһһ˵ţһ۹бʱΪҪԶԶˣҲӦԼĸ⡣
ĬĬͷȥÑ˴ӣ˫˫ֻ޶ԣ˫֣ί٣ʮһߣֻ˵Ľ٣
һȴǳٽһ֣̲˵пϾд費١۹ӹܣֵȥգԶ֮⡣ҷȰλĪң
ЩΣֻź˵һԡ
һǵǸ¶Сӣµ㵽Ϊֹתǰ˫
֮˲䣬ǰ߲ʹͻȻлѿһ϶δһɵŻȻ֡
һ𷨾ףЦ֮Уʼڴ˴λ롭
Լ˽Ŀִ㵲ѡ
ʲ˴ܲ״Ѱڴ˵еľžȻסһ㱡Ľƣϡ֮ͼʾҪǧ֮ѰһССŻڴ롣
صı󣬾ļ򵥡Ȼ򵥵ıŲ׽ı
Ƭ֮û˶
ÑáɫأǽǵڵŻ
⼸ˣȺĿùҶλ׵û˭ܴݵڵŻ֮УͨĻԵԵΪ飬ľսղܡ
һûдߴ٣Ҳûȱʡ˵һƳת˫ĵȴ
ܴеǰΣڶħͬжһǰδеսλˣټλڵĸ֣޲Ļ黫֮Ҫôʮ²Ϊã;Ӧз֣еĻþһԤʾδѵıȻ֮١
ĳ߰ɣȥǾġ׳ǡڡˣҲڿԼӪ졢ػɵ
ǰʱȥڳ˻ǲŲŲ
һ΢΢üˣǻ׳˵ϣ֪úܲսŽǡҵĶȴԶھ졭һƳ΢̣ǰֵȥʱ򣡡滺ĻͻȻ̣Ҳ˼ɱ֮
Ȼ̧ͷɫŭ
˻⣬ѵΪĶ̶֣Ѩɡ
ڴʱͻȻǰȻͬΪıֺαǿ֣ĳһأ
ʾҲ߲ʹеŻ˹ȥ
֮ǰûŲʱȴྺ𡣲ת˲֮䣬Ⱥʧ١ǵڵŻȻʣ״
״ĵʱ˿ԵÑáʹɫһͬǰȥкϵܣһ
Ӱǰһһʧ
һǶԭһĨԳЦ⡣꣬Զһ̧ۣ̤ǰԽȥɲǣ߲ʹâˮգ۵ĹǵڵŻҵ١

һâãؾת
棬ľХǡھκ֮Уʹһʱ֮䲻⡣
һŽŻ㻺סȥƣԷסβŲŲæ̧۹
ڵҲʮǰãã޼ʡһɫ֮䣬洦ɼںХķ磬ٲ쭰ŰݡһԼԶңң޵ָȥķ򡣻мӰҡβȥԶȿֺˡ
һûмŸ·̧һԲ̼ԶꡣƬ֮Բ̶С
˵ƹ־Ų㡣ƹ죬ÿ㶼ֳͬ龰֮ɫȵȡν;һΪΪݡͬأΨǰǶһȥ·֪ǣɴÿǰУѱеճ󣬱֮ܶ׳ԣοһȺС
ӰڷС֪˴˼佥Զ
һӰңңȣˡǶɧδλħ޻Ҫǿһ׷ȴģֻÑá档
ȻشԽϣ֤ʵ˾;ĴʵԵˣ·ҪһΣϾᡣܳûѣҲǸ⡣
һ㻤巨ȥƲͣвԵʦ֣˻ˣȴԶԶ׺С
΢΢ĬĬ˵ͷÑҲϢȵģԵЩǱ
˵οε̾˿
شΪЪϢˣ㱻ŴҴԶСİǸһ˰ˡħҲ˻Ķȴ䵽أ
뵽˴޵ʰ˭Ҷ˸ܹƻһˣ̫ڽԴ󣡡
ҡҡͷЦԲӣҶСˡ
΢㵣ʦִͽ̣
԰꣬ҵ


1488 ʦ
˴۸˾;֮ʼֻ̲ҵھ;Ϯתս鶯֮ʣͻȻȡħǶķ֮Ȼβƣ֮ʱǿɵеǣؼּ֣꣬˿ıϤ⣬ı󶯣ڶɣƿʱ˾ǡʱʵ̾Ϊֲֹ̾
ʦ̫ʧ⣬̧
Ҳ˲оݶ·ԳɡˣԼԦܷ֮աҹأڽҪͷҵط꣬̽Ҳ䣬Աֻһһơҷ˼ɣδֳ໥ڦЦ
ѿһ⣿
ǣѱֻ˶ΡҵΨвͣʹöַ¹˼ɡڰʾ׷ˣδزǱȫ֮
ʦԣЩ
˽ֻΪҵ໥ԼȡϡȣתŵԸԦ֮Ĺؼڡ֮ν֪ģԦˣ֪䣬ԦʱҲ
׿˵ԵԵȥ̻̣ҳڡΪ֮ɶѣʦȴˣСܲҹͬ
ǺǣҲ˵ĸ֮ʥƣΪ޲ΪƣΪ֮壬޲Ϊ˵֮ҲСһ壬ҳ棬аٶư˷ҵҲ
߱˵֪ȥСʱ
ʦֵ˼ҵȱôȥ
ȻΣɷѿģħ޶󡣶һޣ糬Ⱥľؽ󣬻һҵֺηԵԵءڽˣСġ
Ļδ䣬㱻ͷһ׷ˡæסΣסеÑáͬǱæҶ
֮ͬʱǰҲͣ
λӣֻǺХԵҡŰĵ֮УǰͻȻ˾ſʯСһ໥ƣͬ󣬾һʯϣһСİӰ
ԼӴתʦ֣СԺδ
ҡǰӦҲ֪
ͷۣλͬС
Ƭ֮Ƭʯ󷨵˽ǰ
ȴûпʯ󷨣ЪϢ֮󣬱ЦݣԱǰѰٶȥ
ǹʯ󷨣ǧɷԲеʯʮɴСǿݵšµİ˿ʯ࣬ܣϰ˼֮ƣԳɶĪǷǣ£Ѹ͵δٽתȥΪ˹ʣжĽС˶ŰȻ
ʱվΪӣȴһλòӡ
ÑáֱӴԽδԶк쳣ܿϮٲȻһЪϢĺõطת˲֮䣬ѽеʯŮΧڵ䡣
ŮͻȻԼλˣЩҡ˲䣬
ŮӵʮֹסΣ룬ʵСǺηʿ˴
ŮӲ𻰣ֻܳԶ΢΢Ц
֪ιŹ֣ȴԲסҪһС˵
ǡڴʱŮڳʦ
ʱһæԶԷȴǿЦҡͷԶȥķ۹ʾ⡣˼˵ϵŮӣȴ֪޷ҪӺһء
ȻԭԶ֮һٿȻƮȻŮӵԣЦŷ˵Сͽūλգ
ڴ˴İŮūڴ㵵˹Ϊ񣬵λǰ漴㳶һĴȻūǵȵʦ
λħ޵ĸɫΣԾֻöʾرܣ޴ЪϢֻǿǰȥ
һʼںͷܼ򵥣Ҳʧ䡣Ϊ˱˷ڶǳҪ鷳òһС˵Ĺλħ޸ȥδͻǻ˦ūʵ˺£
ūʦ׽΢΢Ȼжʱһ˿ί漴һصͷѰԽ֮󣬱þ͵صȺȴͼįǰȥ̽·ʦΥֻöԵȺ񣬻ʦ𷣣԰գ׵ʹٲ
ǰΪ˱̨ɧţһԪֱͷū˴Խ·ʶбȥԱ˴˵ٴطꡣϵ˴ֻūһˣʵһ֪գв³˭һﾹȻ˵ĺ޹˼ɣǷʰ
һϤԭίˮƺ̧Զ
е˴Ĵϸѽжʮ֮ҵ赲֮£ʶԼԶֻһʵҡҷִŵָǰеķ򡣶ǰֻܿӰȴѰͷټö룬ǵļһԶˡ
һüͷתܡ
˴ʯ󣬹ӼԼȴְŹ֮ƶΪӦϹֻ֣֮Ϊؽйͨһ·
һ۹ڲԶūϣɫ΢ǸɵĵأԵͷСӱԹ¶ū
ūٺڷס˫磬Ҳס˽˫ݡ̧ͷһ˫³˷˸˲ǲϼ΢΢죬ֻܺ޾ίʦȴֽСһԡ
һǺιʡ
û˵꣬лǳ׼ѾͷȻˡΪƽ⣬Ϊɣȴĳģ˭ѽǳʦģ
һֻýһԣһ֣ºЦūΪʦԴ֮УǷв֮˴ǰƬ̣ûйһʣȨӵһְο
ū΢ҡȦ졣
һɻæлܽΪʦǲǻͷ۸ˣĲǷǻ֮Ա
ūС΢٣ԸóѰذ£ָ˳̬߻ӵģǰһһĴ䣬°ūڴˣоŰˡ
һԣ˿ͷźЦūΪʦˡ
ūСأԳҡڣֵʦĪҪǨŭڻͷɺã
һЦݶεؿԼĴ䱻ҡڡ
ūȴʱɿС֣˺һɫʦǰȥ̽·çײ֮٣ȴҲ³򡭡
һüһġ
ū˵ūΪ֮ɷܣܰΣݡ˭ϴԽ֮ʣūƽϣѱ뻢ͷɴ˴ֵ̤֮󣬾Ȼˮ磬Ǳ㰴ͲסԵĺ棬ǰ̽·ȥɴӦ޴󰭣ʦǡ


1489 ع
ХĿ֮УһūǰС
һɫķâܣҲһһӰСŰδǰȥʦͽأӰƮݶֹݣƼֻ̤鳿δ֪ʡ
ҪʦĻ֣ȻĻūһʿѸ͵֧̫áȦʯûôҲ֮µһԡ
һΪŵӸ·ʵ׾١
ĶΪѴԲ쾳֧ţǸҪԶԶǿһټһ壬ͫͨнƣԴʽͨħӡǿ󿰱ȵʣȻݺ˻ĵĵһˡ
˵ĶԶھ졣ֻ֮;ȥһѡ
ʱ֮󣬼еʦͽͣ
ǧ֮⣬Ϊƹ赲ʮ﷽Բؼһ޴ڣȴ̷ڣӿŰڱŽХ龰ȴ
⣬ǰ뻢ͷӰҲˡֻÑáİǻһʱ˲
ӦһؿŻϼ֮áʦ
һֻͷһƳ漴޶԰ؿǰ
ūʦʱһȻСûᣬΪȻݸһЦشܵΡ
Ī֮أǶ˶벽ūֻһСȴĿ棬ţɷˡţʦūĻԵ
ڴʱǻ˺˶ͷǰÑá󣬲ת֮䣬ĵӰʧƹӿɣһǰ
ūΪʦ޵磬뵱ħż£ĺƶ񤣬ȴ
ʦū;һأ޺ӣ
һĻû˵꣬Ա˽һ䡣ǵĻоǴһĪĲ¶м㯡Ρɫ΢ͷһͷº͵лū顭
һʦˣͻȻԵӵлЩĪȴҲ޸п
ūǵӴ˳ˣȴڸգǽŮ£߶᣻ŮӶԴ겻ͬʱӵľĻǣļѩƵƽ⣬ԼĳȡȵȣЩӰһһʧڳĳֻелԸ˺ϧС
ūͷĪһȴʦѶǰס˹ȥȦǺˡ
Ϊʦܣݺ޵Сʱţͦε󣬾ǲΪ֪Ĺµįū˼һֱϤĺǻš
Ӱƹ⣬ת˲֮侰ɫֱ䡣
ڻһȴа֮ǿѸ͵ʧˣֻаããͷɴȴʵ쳣ĳ̺֮ͣҪǰӦò̫ס
һūפ
ǰĵ飬Ȼǧ֮⡣͸Ӱʶޡ뻢ͷǲټһܵøԶ
֮ǰ絲·ֻΪǿȴ֪кá
һסūŲæŸ·֮䣬ǰɫϪӿƺƵƲȥɱ֮ŷƵʦͽȥΪ֮һ
֮У֮ȴֶ˼Ī̫֮ƺͬ໥֯ȻܿơʿķΣϹ˵ķйء
һ̽ʵǰ
һʱ֮ǰȻ󷨳֡
е˴ʮϸ֮Уſʯ໥ƶƯеʯʮɴСżӰµʯɣԾŹ֮ƷܡΣ֮ǰͬС죬޷Ƿӳ֣ʹ·ͨ
һū˺赲Ƶķ󣬻ھеʯ֮ϡʦͽŽأܻɢۻȴǺȥƵЪϢ˼æܡ
ڴ˴ЪϢˣΪ׵λħޡǿи·ʼղüЪһ۵ùǺŽ˭Ϻȴͣ
˺󼸲һĸꡣµҩ֮δ˹תôҴ꼰Ϣ
վԭأɫȻȻ֪߲׷ѣ̲סСĽ䱸
Ñ˵ңһԿɥλҲйжϣֲòʹա
һ۹һӣʧ˿λľΪԶҲԶѵִ죬ȥ׷˰ϥֳʾΪʦսƣЪϢʱū
к˵仰ΣЦ£Ñá˰֣ת󷨽Ÿ·
һΪЪϢ붨й˭ָȴһСֱһЦڳλҲͰˣֺαأ
ĵӰһУʱ㽫ǶʦͽԶ
ͷһƳŭСȱ£
ҡҡͷʾⲻضŭȰ˵ɴǰ˲Ǿֻ֮ҲϽ磬ŴĽϷŪмƽϲ١
ŭԻɻʼѺ׺УȻ֪Եִ졣ȴ߱ƣν⣿
֪Ѷˣ˳ֻܶƴӣȿȡ
û˵꣬ס漴˼¡
Ñáæ˴г忪һȥ·
⣬ǰֵҲδֻ֪̫࣬һ·Ѱȥеִ죬ʾأ
ΪȻʦ£ҲŰѣֻʤ㲻࣡
⼸λħ޵ĸˣһ㶼Ϳ˵ĺôҪۡΨܻתʱעͽ޹ֻǸһ

ʯ֮ϣֻʣʦͽˡ
һδæЪϢ˳ֽĺ«Ҫƣɫ΢꣬ǡǺǡ΢Ц
ūԣʵʦ·Ц
һ˿ھƣѵҪΪʦֹһָ߻˻Σ漴˫Ŀ΢ض
ūʦǳЦӯӯ
һعغڡ
ͬʱһĴڽ
ǧɸ߷ϣŹաҹ˶šԪڣԪʷƽӵɽ¹
˻Ӧתŭʮλߣ׺ݵ̨ĵؽ硭
̨ץ˽֮һңԼǣ漴ڽĴ鿴Ѱһŵĵطǡ÷顢աҹڣ˵ʲõռֳɵĶǼλڵʿϵħǳϣ¡˭ûãν˻ˣ̷˫š
ַ룬ķҡͷЦΪһУһοҾ£ͬ໥ȴ㲻飬˭㲻ɣ
̨͵أҪֻһЦ
һ֣߳ܣ˵ǧ֮ڣΪػĶȺ𱰲ͬعˡҵĹաҹǻԷִ粽ã̲סֺ𣺡һٲɱ


1490 ǰ
е˴
ڵľͷгɫĹâͣ췭ظǰףȴֲڻХӰ٣ֻǹľĿȻѡ
һūЪϢ֮󣬲Ųæ·ǡؿŻʦͽֹסȥơ
ūԣ̾Ϲˣͨ쳹֮ܣ
һܵΣидͨƲѣҪȴǲסϹȴԲͬķ໥ͨʹþž񡣡
ū׸ͣɫȻ۹һЦʵʦֵĹΣ
һһɣϾСϸ͸ѵõ˷ܡ俴ʦǸءµӣȻū£ȴѱ˪ƸĪ⣬ʵȻ嵨ŲΪ֪Ĺ¶黳ҲԼįΪūİΣϧһ·ػִūͬУֻΪӵһִš
һȴ΢΢һº
ū漴ҵճհСɫ⡣ʦеķִؽֹԵ˵
һЦЦ˵ػͬȻ޹أڷΰա
ū˼
ʦһֵ磬ȴȥƶΪһеĴֻı仯֮䡣˵ʦƿǬֳ֮⡣
һٶԣ̧°ʾв֪Ǽ˻֧ŶãΪʦҲ桭һӣܹâʦͽǰֱõ۶ȥ

֮У߷֮ϣһȺԶ˫ԡ
Ϊ׵һˣŹաҹԪӵλħޡ˵Զλѣֱ̨Լ˻֮ĴԪӡ
ҲΡ
ǰֹ˭Ϻö˻ӦȻǸһ֮ȴܾʹա¹غԶƱҪֵסҪֲʱˡԼҲãұ˴̸һ
˴˼ҲǾ֮޴ȥҵΪ
ǿŭ𣬰ڳݴȵģ˵֮⡣Ԫ£ȥ
̨˸ɫֲŲæشܵΡ
磬Ȼͬ졣ļ֣ٲȻǬʼľ󡣶һΪǿ󣬴˴ҲؽĹۡȻɺĺ򣬻Ҳָտɴءһڴ˼ⲻҪضɾһΰҵųΪʼ桢
ַ룬£ŷ˵д׳ΪȣҺηɽΪƽɫ
һ֣׺ݵôߣɡ
ΪȻغǺһЦ˵ȻײϴӦұڴ˴ȡభ
ؿƵϾŭݣ
ҡҡͷ
۹Ҫˣҧ
ӵվ𣬹˫֣Ц֮ؿɹӣ̨ͷʾ⣬ֳŴԪӵԭħ޵ˣڴ˴֮Ҳ
ת˲֮䣬ӰƮԶ
أԭأһľɥֳ꣬ҵĹաҹԹûˣǰȥֻΪɽȻ
ڴʱͻȻĪǷɽҰķšɲǣضɽҡرãĺƴ轵︴
龪漴żϲɫ˻еȥס籮ǿ֮ʡ

һ֮УһūȻ˿µİʯֿ˿ããĺڰٴ˹ͣӿХٿȻʧ֮䡣
ūڼ֮⣬ĬĬ
ʦ֮˸һСŹâ΢ۣȴڲӿΪĹ졣
ʦ˵˴Ļ֮ΪΪ棬˳һҲؼŸ·ʦ˵˴ΪžϹ˵ķڣƺ̺лԵҲδ֪ʦǲϴκһλԸһ·˳
ū·תǰ
ǰԽĵ㣬ΪɫֶȱˡʦΪͨūͬкĲ㣬Ҽ߰˰֮ǾеķҲʮĹģֽ龰ūЩڴֻǲ뻢ͷӰҲԶˡ
ūΪʦ̣
һһ˦𷨾漴˫־ٲǰ
ūæӦӰΡ

һƵϮ졣
ȥ䲻ӭݺײϡæǿеֵϢΪʱ㱻ײ˳ȥֱ֮ſվΣȴÑáڲԶͬǱ
ʦ֡
ʺ漴˾۵һԹһ㻤巨ȴڼĸˮ֮ˡ
һߴŴһҡͷ˵޷ġ
߷ߵΪ֮ǿ˲á
ЪϢƬ̣ЦǰһսȻ߾ȫ⣬ɷޡķɲΪҵΪʮһֲñչˣνѩϼ˪
ͬܣҲ̾Ϣһ
һ٣żֲ뼸εĿֵ˴ΣκΡ
˴кΣ
ÑáԷͷͣæת̽顣
󣬴˴֮УӦúԪ֮ΪС
Ȼһʦ˵֮֮ƮѰ֮ʣÿõҲѰŨԪ֮ȴΪĺƱǿǺǡ
ޣħޣٲ˶еĸ򡣶Ԫ֮Ϊ֮֮ɻǸһȻջǳֻ·Ҳﻹпο滹ϲϣҲֻƾԵ
Լֻ巨ʱһ˿ӿ塣δ漴ɫ΢ҡΡ
æѵҽΪȣܲŨǿԪ֮в㽫ٻ򲻿ɴ⣡
񣬾ԻͷлÑͬУ°빦Ȼãܺù׷衭תǰÑһ֣˼·
һʱȥƣͣЪϢ
ֻǰĻ֮Уֳʯ󡣶Ǿеʯ֮ϣ˫ֽӡϥɡ
Ҫߴٵڽйˣóѣǰ


1491 
ʯ֮ϣҴĵӰ
ڵķ֮ǰ£ȴִ࣬а﷽ԲŰݵĻɫֻ֮ᵽԪ֮ƺδ֪鶯֮䡣
ǰ˵˼ÿ죬ҲʶȤ
һӰмнԶЪϢ֮ʣⲻƣ漴Цȥ
´˵ҲҡûóѣȻҲͷ˵˴˷ڣŨɵϢʱҵƴ氡
ΪȻ͵Խ磬ʼղ˸д˼϶㹻ЪϢƬ̡
ÑҲ飬˸Ѱһطϥ
֮Ϊƽ̹ɵһԲʯ͸ڵǳϢεӿһɴķµİ˿ʯ·ȻгһаӴ󷨡ԶܼĻɫ֮УǬյ
Ƭ̣˿Ҫ˫ɵϢƣδ㲻ɵԶÑáͬʱ׿
ʮ֮⣬Ƿڲݵң֣ˣʱһɫâеӰԼɼȴͥŲ硣
ɫһ࣬סλͬ
粻ǡøڴʱ˵ǳĵģ˭ţΪϵѿֻܱܶԶ֮
飬ָģЪϢʱߡ
ÑЩ֧ţ̲ס顣˻û˵꣬㻻һ߳ǣѰ飿ߡ
˵ƨδȣֻôҴǰ
Ӱ
һūƮȻ䣬˳ܵķϢһ£ʾ˴棬ʵйľڡԵѵãūɴ
ūӦһ͵ضɵϢȻ̿㣬˽ɵΪʦԾϺˡߣһ֮ΪɽǳϦ֮Ŭأ
һǰǽԶȥļӰ΢΢һЦأʯŲӶѡ
գеļѡǴū㣬ѴԽ˾Ų硣ǵĲ֮л֮ĴڡڲŽε˵һԵ
⣬ĪľŲһ롣⣬г̽ĳںĵһ·
ǲߣֽΣǳɾͺ𣬻ȥӪɵ
𱰣ﱾɡԼӪ֮ΥȻķ֮רػãֺĳٶһ١
ͷūνң㣿
оأоԨ²ͨȻӺδδȥ¶Ȼˣͣ½ŲңǲȻĳЩ;ϵʲôͬ
һһ٣׿ūǱ񳹰˶ȻɵϢ֮Сϧ۹ԼӶ꣬Ѱһطϥֽĺ«СһڣּܵΡ
ū뻢ͷ֮мΪ硣в죬ʱл򡣻űе仯Ҳ˵ޣ˿֮ޣԻ磬ȴ֮߮⡣֪һ˾ޣͻȻԽݣ糩ھ֮Уʹ۳ҶҲ⣬ֻҪϴǳ鷳ͳɡ
Ϊ˹ʣб˳Ҫ֪ĳ˵ġȻɣ֮ͬ
һưΣº«֣֮ʱһȭͷСӨӨš䷨ǣܵŨӿ֮˲䣬б仯
ɵ֮£﷽Բãã
иɽվݺᣬƽϿڻ̲Ϊë֮أ͸һֻĻȴȶٲȻǬʼ¾
һ籮ǰۼʮӰ
籮ɶߣһ߶šħ磬֡롰ԪꡱԼʼ
ŹաҹԪӵվڽ籮һ࣬Ҫ籮̨ԪȴŲã˫ֲ£һʱ۲ݡ
㵱ʱ顣ʱȴҪǿռǧǺεƶ籮Ա˴˽
дʣ˫Ҫǰ
ȴǻƣʱѽ籮粽õףĪǽ˵ƿСϷˣ
һɣ߳
Цҡҡͷָ̧ķ˵䣬ǧ֮ѳ﷽Բѭ֮ǰĹأռǧȴҪҵڣѵǶ֮٣
̨͵Ǵ߻ֵؽ˵Է֮ڡǰһҵȶȻӣ
߳һɺԣʱ˵߷ֳɣ
ΪȻ׽ǧ֮أ߳ɶֳ٣ѵ߷ֳɣҵһֻϵùҪƣ˺Ƥ
˵Ī˵ƹ£Ӯδ֪
ûֱȴ
֮ǰ½籮Ŵһжռ̡˭̨Ȳ֮£Ե֮ƵƫƧһ磬ȴħǳϣûһյʡ͵ĵƣʱϮ
ΣޣȨʧߣҰաݹ᾵ָݺݴĽ籮Ľ籮ӽԴΪ磬ڣ
̨ԸԳԵͷӦʡ
ʼղĹաҹһۣɫдԹ漴һ˦ȹ䣬ﳤȥȴԪӣ˵ҩ޸Ĺۣ͡
νͣһһơ
Ԫӡʷƽӵ˼æԶȥµĹҹǾ
̨ԪӾֻ񣬲˵λħ޵ǰգ
ҹ𻰣˫˫תȥ
ŲԶĽ籮Ц£̧ۿܣַ̾ӦһԤ֮СҲȥˣֻϴ˵ء
Ԫʱ廰ǰǣ˵Ǭʣȶ︴ʱһɾҵȲЧ·ף֮֮
̨˵ͷ͵ԪԺܷȥǣ
Ƭ̣ӦҲֻˣ֡˲޵֮
֮ͬʱɽΧһȦӰ
ƽϣʮҩֱͦΡľҶŵĻ٣Լܵĵ㣬޲͸鶯֮벪
ԪƵϲԽѽ򲻸ˣֲҩѳɻֻ֣ɷԡ
һڵϣ˳벻С㱾£ϷռѣΪ԰˻ĵ滨ݣϡȱľȵȣʮ֮࡭
Ԫӽһίڵء


1492 ɾ
֮УæֲĴơ
ҲǣȻҪӣڵĵطиɽˮģ˶Ƕĸ֣ͨǿҲƣӪһɾҲѡ
æµС
ǧһ߷֮ϣ̨ԪԶһʴɽҰԡУʹ̩Ȼѡ
ǲѰķ磬ŨӹصĶһһӿ̺ŲĴ磬ֻҪɽҰ˲񷡣
̾Ŀ֮ŨȴǼΪС˼䣬Ҳ׮Ե
̨˵ͷ㳤һ͵˾Ƭ̣ʤչ֮лԵŻݼķֻϧ̫֮ƣȱֻص仯Ȼ˴ɾɱʼ桢
ЦЦζɾҲ
ʯ֮Уһɡ
ּһ͵İ׹⣬ӨӨܵӿѸʧ١ɣŻӣһõӰӯ΢ʵĴš
ͷ꣬Ƴ
ΣһĿȻеĵؽ֮ͬı仯й˵ĵطҶγҲĽļ
Ļﵹֵζָɾĳһ͡
ǳ׼һգĳͬħǰı仯ճɾһءĳΪȣӵеĽܱΪӹĴڡƩ統İ˻ġգĳƿص֮еǳתֻأĳһ֮䡭
һ뵽˴Ϊϲź󼹱ӿһ⡣
ĸпʹ뵽İ˻ģδ֪ľأҲĳλͨĸ֣֮
ˣĳ󣬲Ϊ֮ѰٵɵֻĳеǻȻͽҲյ
֮ǰҲйԼ뷨ֻһʱܲ⣬Թδˣûйƽϡ֮ȴ
һ֮Ľâһ㱡
Ǹͽĳʲôͬĳƿأĳ˭У
Ϊһ·쳤Զ羰ޣȴһֱڱ˵ķ羰֮С
һһϣâϽ«͹һڰֱþ֮󣬲Ż׶
ĳղżУԲʣֺûл֣̿Ǽλ˵Զ߾죬ǽΪңΪ˳ΪѰյĴ𰸣
һſڣˮע꣬͵طº«ݺ˦˦ͷ
ĳһϰ㣬֮ԶһֻˮžԨ֮䡣ǶôĿЦȴִŲڶ۲ӡ;νɵˣνң
𣬿Ц
ɵǰͺﲻϹ֮УӦòͨĸ֡ǵģǶѣ˭˵ֲһ;ĩ·е׷Ѱأ֪оأұɭϣǵ;ȴδͣЪֻΪ˰׷ǾĳĽ㡭
ơǿЦĳȻߵգҪжߣҪ̤ľͷ
һֵ˰˻ԼأָĴͨߡ
һƣۻƴں漴ֻʯ˻Ȼҷ޷Ȼİķ
ڴʱ˾ʦ
һƶգæͷΪʦʧ죬ū񡭡
ʮ⣬ūСɷףҡΣͻľţȴǿݣӦūʲй֮ʣƱˣٲɽ㸲ҺɵҪϢܹæչʧȡʦΪ̫ǿˣжľսء
һ«䣬ߵūǰԴͷţ羫
ūѻָ̬ӭѵʦ佱ߵлʦŵɵϢʱ
˴ȻŨҪڶ̶ʱ֮Ϊȴǳ롣ЪϢȹ˸ؽ档
ȻȥʱΪʦ̡
һܵķʱѽūУŹâһʦͽ˲䴩ʯֱǰ
һ֮УĵӰġ
ĵ㣬ǧ֮ȴʤɫĻ⣬һһͣЪɭȻɲɱХУƴڼ֮жӼѡ
ͷǰ·ƵУʾλСġ
δ䣬һֱ۴ϸĻ⡰һ߼۶ҷĹâʮɣǡһ׺ݵëȻδɿɫһݣֵټСġ
̶̵˲䣬
˷壬ҶһæңźòתΣΪѱϺڵĹâ֣ǰǻļһǹƽϣܼĹƸϢ
ǰ˿⡣Ǽӭæʾʦ֡Ñáһʱ֪ҡϾʾ⣬ּ̧һɫħͼԼ赲
顪
һ֮УħȻХĻƲɵ
ӲһǱ
֪ȥãǰһھκˣײһƬ֮Уеʯ֮ϣһͨ¶
Ƭֳ֮ϥŲԶλͬ飬µ˵г̲Ž룬˵ļҪ˳ִ죬ǰ;δ
Ñﲢ翿һҲǾδģһλ֮̾ͣʵƽһλ͵ħɷΪɲ
ҵĲָۣ˸׵ĳ룬ŴǰŵǲѰǾɻ𡣡
ŵôԣÑ಻
ǾɻĴ֮һ
ͷӦôˣĴ𣬷ֱΪ̫֮Ǿɻɷ׻֮Ϊǿ֮֮𡭡˴жһԲ̡С״ģ
ÑáԴ㵲ѡ
е鿴Ž֮ų˿Ц˵λ֣رû˻⡣һȻ÷ƶ֪֣ܲռ˱ˡ
ÑáȻ塣
ǰȴٵľʵҪͼ˭һĹЮǰ죬ʹԤĺûô˫ĶǶ£ʱȻ˾Ķǣ
һɬݡʾС


1493 ޶
һϺڵĻ⣬ǡөҫĿѤ쳣ɭȻɱȴ˵սľ
ūȻȻǽסС㵡ʦʾ˵𿰱ɷ׻֮ӦǾɻɡ˴Ѵ㣬֪ʦӦ֮
һ㲻ܣгһŰɫĹš
ɫĹŲȭͷСǻһߵĽŻϮ͵Ϻڻδǰʧ֮˲䣬ɫĹƮǰͬһ˶ĵס˷Ҳʦͽָȥķ
һӦЧڹעū΢΢һЦתǰʦͽ·
˴ʱաǾɻɷ׻ҪǿһСʹ˱ܿǴָеЩϧԵͬڣؼաǺһ򿪽ɡɣ
֮˲䣬֮仯
ʱ磬ʮķԲɰ׵֮£Ĵسɡһӿ룬ö˶ʡǶһڵĻʹûؼҲΪ֮˼궯Ѥ
һڿգ΢ۣȴɷ׻𣬽֮ΨһĻֵ֡ɲǼ䣬Ǿɻ˷ڶһšʱ֮󣬲лӿ롣ǾۼĻأתͣɢǧɡɵ⡣죬ȴɭķ
ǼʱȥŽĽٴ
һٴδǽ裬ǡʺɽ̶Ѹһ޴ĻȼաȻյգҵءǰĻȻԶԶ㵽Ľ䣬˴֮ңӦٲ¹ۡ
磬ʹ̤һµ̡ڵһ磬ȴƵԵðࡣ
߷֮ϣ̨̧ͷ
ʲôֻ֪ܽǲĽƵݣƹãĲͬ
Ƭ֮̾ΪѣͳһظѺѡʹǧܱ䣬ֻҲǲײһ񡣶֡Ľ磬гζѣô循춯أʵ󡭡
̨˵㣬͵ݵ伮أ֮вͨߣΪƿǬһȴΪԸгɣҲ㡭
˲˵һת׿Զ
һϿ֮УԪʷƽҲںֻȵ޶εشǰڡ꣬һƬƬâ˸ɾԼ滨ݵѣڷӳ֮»ܵĻ֮ϡæµѰգ̾˿ط𣬼ſػĵʹ
һƬڻ̲֮ϣӰ̤նСÿȥʮһʯȻ׹ءʯϿţħ磬֡롰ԪꡱԼʼ

һĹâ֮У̴ڳĵӰδվȣһڰա
֮ΪĿİ֮ޡϳĹâңԶǰʹض޾Ĺ֮СΪߣϳâĽ٣Īظ˲Ϣ·֮Ȼŷһʱ̾Եֵ
δܵΣǿƱѴ˷ȶæǿסβѹ㸲֧šֻһһǰ
ĴΪǱεļס֫ݵŶԶȻͻ״Ӧ䡣ɫްǻһĨɫѪԵǱ
Ñǲ缷һͬǻ̻޴ģ
˾ֻ˵׳˻ĵħ޸֣Ľ۷𣬾Ȼѱҽѵĵز˲ʤ꣡
һߣҹ°ʱסãȻ
Ų㣬ҼѱƾΪܷ˳Խδ֪ǧ࣬ľеķ֮Ҳٽǿߵİ˲㣬ڵؽȴӵĲп顣ʱνŲŲ硣ҪԽ˼䣬ִŲ㣬ճƱݶԶϾ죬ֱǳ˵Σ
һ̣ͣЪǰǸһһڣԷ˵Ϊһϣֵף
΢΢ֽ֮ڹ漴ȻһΣתɡ䵽ÑáĽǰԾɷ֮һԡ
磬ȴΡֶԸһ뷴ɵķһ˳е˵֮УΪءĨ˰ǵѪͷ⣬ѵ˴ǹŹ֣֪ȫȻͬ޴ӽΪʧ
ⷬĵǳ׶ǿȥֻ³ҪôڽƵظ·ǣҪôһĶɰڲ
˿идû˿ǰ죬һԲ鰡
ȻһԣΪβɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ͬÑáһͬת˲֮䣬˴˵ķΪһ塣漴ΧһȦӣɫǰ
ݹ־Ų㣬Ʋ߲ͬ㣬ʮĳ̡ƾŶڸֵΪֻҪȫԸʱ˾ŸʱԴԽ˴˴֮ÿǰһΪסĪ˵ˮֱۣҵĽƺæҶʴӡ
ֱ߰ʱ֮ǰڳʯ
˻һţײ뷨ű򵱼ʯšͨͨ׹£һ̱ڵءÑáѺľеķǷıӻֻ˲ڽƵ·ǡ
ڴʱ˺ǺЦǺǣλϡףһᡭ
ſǵʯ֮ϣƣֻ˯ȥЦȻͷëէ
˲ķнǧ﷽Բ֮ڣҲǷ֮ΪȵĵطʮСΪƽ̹⻬ʲŴæ֮䣬Ȼ⣬ڰ֮⣬һӰֻȫް㷨ƣҲѹֻʶΪʧֻӲˣǾò
ο˿ԷҲǵɽˮĵز졣
Ƭ֮ٴطļλħ޸˴ӵ
ЪϢԵʣľͷҪࡣϥԳֵΣǶһ΢΢ҡͷ۹бЦǺǣλһĶֻ֣ܱŪϷˣΪãȡ衭
༥㱾ö죬ڴ˴ΪΣ
ַףɫԶżֲָ߰޵Ŀ˵һΪ£ҵҪδԽ硣˴˾޶Ǻǡ
Ļаָɵͷһת׿ʦҲ˼


1494 Ӧб
ʯ֮ϣ˾š
ԩҳУթĶ֣ôһ˫ԺľΪƣҲû̵˼㿴ңҿ㣬תֿʱķ򣬱˴֮ѵõĬ
̤֮һܵúܿ졣ͼһִ죬гû⡣һΪ׵뷨ܵóԸҪռȻʱԺһݴͶʤްܣ
ǺܲʱûоĵȴϣһӦб
뷨ǲǲơֻҪԷûгû͵ϮÑáװͿȻȴвתǾĿԴ
һʱȥʱķ򲻼Ӱʱȥܻ
еʯмóʯץġһйʯеķһߴЦݶĶԶһϵɵϢѺľΪɫ
ҲûţÑáվʯƴɡ
ʱȥ˫ֲİơܶѻľʯмأŷٿȻƮԶɳ⡣Ž䱸鿴ǺǵһЦ˵λ٣ĳȴڴ˴ЪϢաǻָһɵΪʵң
࣬ȻȫޣΪľģǾʯмҲʧ٣˿κε
ΧһȦÑáﻻ˸ɫƯľʯмɨһա˻ǽ䱸أһĬȻ֪Ҳȴռ絽һıˣڰлָһɵΪǰв죬Ӧԡ
ǡڴʱԶж
ֻʱ⣬ðһŰɫĹâŽԼԼ֮ɿ÷ǰɫâӰɫ;мͣ٣ǷΪ̵ľȣȴŻ
ֱһʱŹâڵʯĽǰаŮӵпɣһµȴԵüΪƣҡΣŻĹâҲ˸ٲǿ֮ĩֻǺľΪ
˶ȴһɫע
һһŮͬãʵһʦͽһĵū
ɫĹâһӰ뷨
һˡū˾еʯ֮ϣΣݺݴ˼ڴ漴׿Ӷǰͷкλεĳȴ۵òѽ
˦䱳˫֣һһ⣬̧ɵļơ֮ϢΪޣҪž̬ȴá
λħ޸ԭأûѣҲûӦʾ⣬ֻܶǵҡζĻӰɫ졣
ת֮䣬˫ɡ
һ쳣Զջ۹⣬һ٣λǡδ䣬һɫħǹͻɱ磬˲Ϣ֮ѵһɿ⡣
֮ͬʱڶÑͻȻطֱԶǵӰݺȥȻԤı־ڱصáλ߲ǻָ˰ɵΪȴʵĶˣȻҪֶԸһС
ū£˾֪ɵˣӦԣλ˵ıѣĬĬ
һͻ͵Ϯͬɫ㵣ʹƷħǹֱֱؿڣȻҲ
龰һʦͽǶӣ
֮󣬱˶ԷݡÑͬʱѣԼʦͽĺ޷ʹɵ˿漴ԭضɫڴ
Ҳȴûж˫˫ءԴףʤ裬غ˵һ
һֻ֮䣬䡱һ굴ǡ
ΣͷתɲǣһͻȻнһʧΪȻ֮һ죬ɶ೤ħǹȻ˲䣬ǡ顱촫ֻÑáӦɣǱԭūȴǰȻǰӰ
һıѾõ壬ļƲߣôҷ̫ͻȻţ
ĿȻҲĿɿڴ
ֻһĵ͵Ϯٳסū˫£¿ɳӣ˭
һǱ˫վԭأʲôһ㡣Ҳ˫ȥۻĪ֮عޡÑͨأһƬšüʶЦЦλѣûС
ʰһˣҪԷءǶǻǶ£ȫ޻֮
תӣʱȴûŲŲھ˶ݵľ㵹ǲŽһ㣬Ȼ˸ս漴ɥĹ˫֣֣ĳԸ׷棬޷ڣ
һһƲɫɡ
԰̾һ꣬ÑáԷӵϷһתű׳ݵֵܡеųڣѲؽͷҷ֮С
ˣˣ
λħ޵ĸˣþеֶΣȴһٶ²Ұܣ⡣ɶҲ˵ˣҲһֵ
һ΢̣˵ƣ֮Գϣ֮ţĳ֮ȴó֮°գ²Ϊ䣬ŭɢĳĳĹأв֮٣ؽʩ֮ŭ
ԾĬƬ̣ǡ
һֻ̧ӶһâȻŻڲԶĿյ֮ϡɵҽ磡
ǰ룬ǿ
ڳλħ޸ĬĬǵߵĽŻǿһ֮š꣬еҡͷЦ£һ̤â֮Сļͷ̧ŲȺʧȥӰǵŻҲ֮ʧ
һ˿˫չϥ
ūһֱԶʦ󹦸ɣƮȻһԣ˵ʦԣȻı󶯣ٶ٣ڽķ
һֽº«˿ھƣҡͷЦΪʦ֮֮˶ѣԼǳѾõֿװݷܷΪãҹۺЧ
ūʦͶȥĽһƳתʦµĻ巨Ϊ졭˶ţǰȴһɫӰޣȴʱÑáĹƣĪ֮
һأƲͣһСţڡ֡۹еɫٿȻһԶ˵ΪʦԪӳ֣ǧ֮ãȣѰĶֲڻ£Ī˵ÑáֻаɵΪ
ūɫȻ
һȴתϽ«Ըū֡
ūԹ䣬һ˫ɵ׾Ͼ
һЦҡͷٶ˵̧漴ūһġ֮˲䣬ӰٿȻʧһ̣ūȴǶһ˸Ľɫơתɣ˫Ŀ΢صΪʦҪЪϢƬ̡


1495 ĥ
ūһĿЪϢҾţ̧ӿͣ
ָУ֬׾Ͼ޹ǵֱϣ糤ĽɫΪĿԼӳַССĽâ˸֮һֻƶޡէȻȥԾ޶Ī⡣
ɫƣΪʦķΪ֡Ԫӳ֣̺šķʦǧ֮ãȴ͸ūʦأĪڴˣ
ū鲻Խ֮£ת΢΢׵ʹߴӵСģ
ݣоŲ㡣Դ̤㣬ʦʱʱĽŻֻܽԪ֮Ǿɻ֮С߲ͣٲȻĴۣڵĸҲҪɫ䡢˱ᣬʦ編ƣղ
֪ʦ龰Σ뵱ħʲôͬūһ㶼棬ֻһ·ͬСʦҲ֪Եһֱū
İ˲㣬֮ǿĪΪʦԹ˲ϾūгཫΪֹȴоգʵ˴۽硣
ʦİн֮壬ҡɣԽƱŵıȴҪ̽һأԱ㽫ԷΪáȻǼλħ޵ĸھ֮¶һоʦ֮Уᡢ硭
ū뵽˴ֻĿ졣æ̧ڣ۹һƳʦɣŰһֽסҧ촽ݸЦȴ֪ʦʲôڤ˼붨

Ůҵ£ΪʦڸʲôҲδ֪
һߴɵľ޷֮ϣӰ̧ͷ
֮ϣŻȼաһǳŷɵĹâһǻƲӰף޾ɭķһһңңңţȻͬԵۡ
֮£йݺᣬ͵֣ԭããĿ֮䣬ȴƮȷ
֮࣬ס̾Լ֮۳գԼ֮£Ի֮ԡķ֮ͨǱĲöֻɡ
˦ҷüµһĨֶʵɫǿٵأǬˣ޺ӣ
˵ͷ˵ǰʼޡʮһС
޵ɣ޵ǳң޵ǹ¶į޳һҵأͬԣɽͬڣǬ㣬ǲһԲĴ󾳽磡мԸأ
վһԣŵ֪ʦ޵Ľ磬ҲѣȴǬ£ݼŶͬءշ֪ж찡մȥǳʱпһӣֲһĿȻһȴǻ
ÑáѭȥֻԶĽУһطڵƲȻˣȥ˺δ
ڴʱһӰʵͬȴĪ޴ӴһԪδأǺЦǺǣλطꡭ
嶥ϵ˽һ£׷׾⣬ǡ֡ǡֵܡЩŹֻ֡еÑﲻд˫˫ԡ𡱼
һվЦܡ
ڵķ嶥ȻͻأͣȴаɴСããҰΪĿŹâֱߡʮأҲһƬġ
һһ񣺡ĳλ֡
֮⣬Ñáﲢһǫѷ˷Щ⡣
վڲԶ±ϣҲɫ΢㵡
ɼūͻҪΪ˵ĶԷȴûʢˣ裬ǾֹǫԴºǰķ̫޴ʹʴӡ
һֱǸȻֵλΪѲ֧ǰСĳ²ߣʵȲѡĬȻһЦͷ˿ң˺ϥ£˵ݡأΪǿ߶ôԽơֻ֮ƿػ֮ȥ
̹϶͵ľֹȫȻ˿һаܲ⡣
ԳɣΧ˹һ͵ЪϢҲ˹ɫйע
һԹ˵ƿػ̸֮סΨԻޣԼ޳ʿ̤Уǵ
һţһ˶ļ⣬ǰȻһ˺ĳ̸۵˵˵ȥһֵ֮⣬˭ǰ졣
ʶĳλڽ֮УԱͬС
һ˵ң뵱꣬λѴԽǼʷֻΪѰ˭ûֻĪ˻ͬеĵ˹룬ĳҲ⡣һ꣬ĳֻԪӤΪ꣬Ϊȥĵѱѩޣշת˺ġ֣ʤ갡̧һУƮ̳ӣĳȳλԱ㣡
̳ڷ嶥һ࣬ѳһѣŨľ͸̳ķ
̧ץһ̳Ʊ㰺ʹűÑáҲڻﱧһ̳ˣáҽҾ㻳ؼį
һԪ֮ƣأԲؽԼ
꣬һת˵˵׿ĳ֪첢ɵѣճ󡭡Ǿмӣһ̽ǰԶʹ˽
˿վ̳ӣץһ̳ΪصͷȴֲΪȻԷƱҴȥλӻɱݡȻãʦ𡭡
֪Զ߾졣λǰϤѰȻҪӻ֮飡
ҲΪȻž̳һ£Ƴݵ϶ЩЦ⡣궼ˣǿʵѵȤմʱž㣬ֻǧһȣ
һſڴĽңħλǰֻֻɻ
ʧ֪
ڳĶħʵˣ¹ؼûƵ£һ̳Ӷɫ㵡
֪Ҫ˵ħĳУ
һ۹ӹ˵飬붼Ӧ;żħǰһƲл꣬ĳ˴̸ʼλ飬
һ̣ÑáϢ졣
һ̾εֻϧлƿ;вĳ̣ǰ󼸾䣬׹ֻء
æӻʦν
һ治ɫĲ̹ȻǰΪչĺˣλѸͬܣû˵꣬̾Ϣһ漴Զɫһ˿Գһ̾ϢΪ˱ˣ͸ԼǼĳİ
ĥˣ쳾ϡ
ĳҲ˵˼ٻȻ޳ܣҲܴݡ


1496 ͣ
Ƭ̣嶥϶ʮվ̳ӡ
ִһ̳ƣС̳߽߶ţͬһµİ̳ơ顱¡ţľˮĴɽ
Ǳ̳Ӱ͹࣬ཡཡڹҷһ˦£̶Զоâ˸꣬Ǿ̳ӶԷݡ
ÑáҪ˹࣬˴㾴ҡҾ㣬پ̳þơһ־ƹѲѲ
һĬĬ㣬ǷһЦ
ҪǮľƣĪŸʹ죿
λħ޵ĸˣȻž̳ӳݣһ΢ɫ룬һ㣬̸ֹȻǷĸۣ׿һִԣֻˮˢµĳοĴۡ
ʹɣľƣҲ׳еľƣ
Ծϴ棬ҡҡͷ·ɢȥҲתһпһޣ֮縺ǧġħҴУںģسɵۻֺαؼǰأ˵ǰ;Ī⡭
һû룬ſڴ;Уͣ
΢΢һ˼
ɵѣˡȻ̤·˭ͣ
ɫ죬Ե۹Уȴ˼ָͬܵζ
һȻֵҲѰΣκʱҰѾٷ磬Ҳֿ⣡
˵ͷӦֲʦԵؽ󾳽Բӽ󣬱˴Ҳ֮ͬꡣֵܣ̳ƾ㡭ץһ̳ƾʾ£űʹ
һħжԵ֣Ϻ֮䣬˲šȺ⿪ɱ䣬Ҫԩҳͬ졣νĹ֮飬Īڴˡʶھһĥ֮󣬽׿һ˿⣬ڲ֪˼ֺڴˣ˭ֲ˳ִأ
ǰħ޾ԨԴ໽һֵܣ֮Էθ
Ÿһ䣬Ҳ˾̳ӣȴڵأ漴Զһݣ˵ֻ֮ʣӻˡ̳ƣ֮飡
ÑáһˮƮɢ硣
ҵ͵ع°˼ݡ
һҲֻվװģǷǷӡ
֮˴Žٺĸпתֳһ̳⡣һʱ֮䣬˴˾ǰӶڡ
һǺЦţƣײףˡԶ߾֮󣬱һͬԴ֮顣в⣬ѹأ
˷׷׳ǣҲͷӦʡ
һƵģͷȴǰɿ
ҪԼǢദסԺ˫ܷ¾δ֪ĳֻͷ̫ƵΪ˱⵱Ĳ³ǰ⼸λħ޸ĳһĳ̲ڴˣء
һת߿˫һ֡
һⱬʮ﷽ԲڵȻһ͡˲䣬ķʹâ֮У̶߲˸Ʋʺնޡ꣬Ƿֹع龲š
ֻһһҵŹâȻһߵգһңңƫ׹ԵηΪžеĻ⣬߹񷣬âɣȻһգ֮հ˷ƫ׹ĹâǰңӦ¶
̧֮䣬Ǭ仯Ųƣ֮Ĵͨ
Ŀѣ֮ʣֻһⲽɷ嶥ľڱԵӸ£һָɲǣԶ֮һȻʡ
ͬʱ̨ԪھЪϢ
˽״ѣûһ
̣ʿɶֹֻҪ鲻ͱˣһʱƬ̾ǡػ֮ٵǲϾʱ֣ǰȥһӪһɽˮܺùĿĻ

һͻ漴ƹöʵ񷣬Ҳ֮ĶԶͬԣʮزã
̨Ԫ̧Ƭ̣æշ𡭡
һ䶴ǰһ׷ԲԵϸ˰ȻǰңԼԣڷŵ̾ʯ衢ʯʡʯۣԾʯΪεҩ˵㡣ʱգɽ壬ԼڵɽϿȣֶԷɽȪϪˮ׺䣬񲻾һɾ
黺˫ۣĪغһһɫУҲѵ¶Ц⡣
Ⱳӣʲôûоϣҫ裬ֲ࣬һ㣬޾ֻҪһգҪȥ졢һ֮ľʡɵУŵ壡ͽ˶ͽСͬˣ˭ֱ˭˲ɡľڣظԶһ˶ʧߡ
˵Ļ㣬Ȼʡ˲䣬һ͵سգкաҹٲ鿴籮Ī˿ӣ
к𣬷±ڳӰΪ֮£ķĵؽ粢ޱ仯ȴ֮еķ龹ȻһֱԶ

ʮӰԶֱǷ顢̨աҹԼԪӡԪӵλħޣб仯һȲ˹˿˷嶥ϵ龰ǽסһ⡣
ɸ߷֮ϣһѾ̳ӡУλħ޸˾ǴľԴΪǣһȻУұ˴˼ɫǢٲȻһദ޼ĳ档
أҪ̧кȹһ˦ɫɻ󡣹աҹּ̨֮ͬǶĪԡԪӵλڵħ޻أԴ㵣һһݼλϡףֳһ֣
ֻ̨ͷʾ⣬ǲᡣ
ǴÑáһһȴָΡ빲ѣΣͷıٴط֮󣬶˲ڡǶһˣһΪؼñ˴˫Ժӣȴ޴ԡ
һȻ򿪽ƣۡȴʼվһЦһ˼
˴εľ֮Уʮλħ޵ĸ֣ټͷԼūʮɷʵǿÿ˵Ϊһ㣬Ȼգٶ˼Ա֮
һʱĳĽ磬Σ֮ʱ֮һ˾֮λȥ硣˴ߣΪѡ
֮У漴
ΪһҪǽʵѣԱԹƿأһΪͣƽ⣬֮ͬľ֮⡣㾴һߣҲһɡ
˫֣ɫϵػ֮־ҵȲҲΨ𣬲Υ
ħ֮УΪ¸ءĻζѶ
ȺĲԶ͵ֵܣ֮Уȫһֵ֮ܵĳƺ˳ڣҲҪࡣ
̨ņ£˫˫֣ڲУֻԪӵλħȻڳ𣬱ϹϾ
鶫աҹ־һסˣŭһΪδɣȴΪҪŪʮ֮أȴڷ֮ȥ
ȥҺ£
һ΢㵣Цƣ̣Ӯˣкôʤ⣬ǣ
ŭԻҪ˵ȴſڴϣֵܣйضȶ֮ͽ̡


1497 һԪʼ
ɷ嶥һʯ
ʯ߾ųߣŴ磬ȡžŹһ֮⡣״򵥣֡һǡһԪʼ򷨹һһšӣ˳ףȻͨͬԵãȻȴתžԡ
ʯ뱮ģûκνƣۿ˴ֿɵá
ᵽ˶ȶ֮Լڳ˽ɫڴȶ֮СɡϵŶ쾳ٽһϵ쾳˳ͨ
Դˣһûлرܣȡ˷µʯʯǧ֮õľžԿϡʾɡħ޵ľڣǶȶ֮Ĺؼڡ򷨽ͨգžԹû
쳣æлڷ֮ߵغ
һǶԷɽ壬һȺΧʯĦҪֿ֮һߣһŶһ츣أԱиеȥ
һƬĮɳڳҵջҫ֮£ڱˡ
ԽĮڣɽݺᡣǰջȽԶȥߵľͷããĺ֮СָģڵǾɻɷ׻Ҳֱ˴ˡ
һɽİɽۡ˱ǡǷĶӪ֮洦ɼǧ﷽Բ⣬ȷƽ֮䣬мɾ󡭡
һɽ֮䣬һƮȻ䡣
ڿΪȺɽơȥտĻ֮ŵ鶯֮
һԶջ۹⣬ŲŲͷƬ̣־͵һץϸĩʯмУһں˯ڳšԶ꣬漴֮ԭ̶¸Ψ̧̤꣬ͷɫпʱգⷽս
ǡڴʱ˵Ӱһǰһɽ֮С
һûᣬڰɽϥ£ųЦλ֣кָ̣
Ĳˣǰɣ˴˼й˼ɡ
һֹ⣬˱ɽϾͽ£Ҫ˵ȴ໥ӶɫΡֱƬ֮˰ʾǫáָյ򶨣һߣ˦ҷŽӲЦݣ˵ֵܣʯʱãֲˡ㲢δȥʶǰ̡
ڲԶܵΣͷ֮ͣ⣬Ϊ֮ɻ󡣻ֵܲߴͽ̣ϴ۹ڼǵϤӰϣסҡͷпѡ
ʱĳΪħ֮˻ġʩֶΣ˲мҲֻĶӡСȻ˱ȼΪߣľΪԼؽȻҪһǰ̣νķڷʱǨ컯Ūˡ
һ˰֣ʾؼ⣺̲ҵ̽д赹Ҳ޷
һ֣һ˵Ц⣬ɵõ˵ͷӲҲ֮ǵʩչħӡһ̣ľͣɽȤ˵ԣУϾ졣ʱ¶⣬ֻ⾳ҼһԪϵľžԣȻǣȴһʱֵܡ
˦ҷɫ͸ѵõǫѷϣֵȶ֮ǱѰʹ򲻵áɼ֮⣬ԵΪҪ
һµʯΪһԪʩչħӡʱľ仰òشһֱڻһԪϵıģȴֲˣؽɽ󡣶Ϊ糬һͬǲΡǺ˱Ѱ˴
ʱ˵ɶִٲþŶ֮١֮⣬ֵӭŶ֮ٵĵһˡľҿʱգʼղҪǺǡ
һЦֵõ㲦һл
ʯˣžˣһ˳ŵƵ御Ҫ󾳽磬ȴסΪɽ𣬹һ񡣾ĸͬˣһ֮ǧꡢĿȴλǲö֪ǿһߣﻹס
һ˵⣬Ц˵֪Ŷ֮٣Ǻ쳾ٽ١˹أǴ¸ߣܶɶ֤˽ٺǶտԴ󹦸ɡĳɽٶʮ꣬Ⱥ˰˻ء׸ԣ
ϸϸɫע
ȴǻͷһƳѰ֮Уֽסɻ˿Ͻ֮ڡ
˶죬;ͬ顣ҲۿɻԼʵıԸλջ񡣡
һһ٣˵Ŷ֮٣Ӧͬתֻһ磬Ϊ̫塢塣תһ򷨻ͬȺ־磬νɽȤ˵Եķ֮УϾ˳֮¯ʱϹ·ԶĻȻ֮ͨҶУ벻֮ͬˮ䣬ӰԵ֪֮պȪ֮ԶγδѵȻ֮һ쳾Ƽȴ֮Լ⣬ϡ
ʱ֮һѽ֪Ķȶ֮һ飬־ζɽ٣ȴû˿ߵĻԵ֮ˣΪһȡ֮ع֮Ψһִ쾳磬պܶİ֡Ǿ仰´ûԵ޹ʵĶԹ
Զ˻ڿ˼ڤ룬æӵվ
еǰ֣һ񣺡ΪʦһݣȻӦһ˦ȻԳңұظε౨
Ҳߵǰ޸пֵܲǰӣԵ±Թڵ֮ĳóϷҲ˫ֱȭɫϿҡ
һЦȥλΪ飬ĳһ仰Ӱɢ
漴ɫرܡ꣬һԲ˹֣תѰȥǳ׼ıչءˡޡһ١
еʯ֮ϣһӾ˫ۡԶһҡΣ֮нǵĻ𣺡ʦ
ūĬĬһԣɶѴҪֵããȴֲ⣬ôһֱʦͣʦתɲǣ̲סʺ򣬻ҫӣǵɫɷǾ޶Ŀ
һʾ⣬ůůһЦ
ѾͷӣĹȰٱ䣡˭뵽ҲΪң֮˫
һպϽ«漴ƵΪֹǲ뻢ͷһӰ
ūοʦǣ˻ǰȴҸȥǣ
һ˦һŽɫĹâʱʦͽСǰ̧۴̤ȥ


1498 򷨹һ
һƫƧϿУһĶ
ⶴλڰɽΪļªܵĻݼΪһ壬ۡ
ɽһʯ֮ϣַ׵ȻԶңңһƳת̤붴Ӱʧɲǣš顱һ
νĶɴСһƵɽѡ
ڶվ°¡ڵĶңһȵ򶨴ݲˣȡ֮ǲƣвΪ֪į
ǣִŲڣƾ߷ֵѪֵսսߵ˽աһ޺߳˻ģХơȻףɿաǰķ֮أµԼȻһС
ɬ̧һָ
ǻâعžʯϣȴһ֣һҶࡣ
ǵ˵ÿ˶һƬҶӡк²Уݶƣ´̴䣬з𳾡һҶƼʣؼ䣬˭˵Сء
עּɫ͸Īİˡֱ֮ƳȻһЦ
ԶģҲԶǲ׵Ĺ
Ǿ̰ɣҿֽΡһĪҪأĿĲݡһҡ

һɽ£פԶ
֮⣬ǵɸ߷壬֣塣ΪȡŽߵɽ壬Ϊ֮µԢ⡣Ȼ嶥ϵǿһԪΪ˼ۻơ
Զ˵ֽ̹չأӦջǳֳ֪㼸Ρ
δ䣬һ˹л𣺡ѽһľת磬ϤСʦֲ򣬸áܷͻƣֵİա
Ը⣬æֽӹ򣬶ݵְգ㵱һԡһΪףȴ֣⡭˵æ鿴
һԪϿоžԣҪͨ͸ȴһʱ֮ʶǰȥѰһ֮ʣӦǶ֮ʱΨо罫Ʋƣֵ㻯֪֮ãֻ̾ƱչأʹҲΪ۶ʣ˭϶Էδǽһʵ档
˦ҷüһӲʵϴŸпɫҵؽȣһֻٰ֡Ϊ˽
еǣзڸˡˣһɼĬϵĹءʹͬŵʦֵܣʱҲܻͨޡһȴĲ̹֮ȻؽʵڳˡҲѹп򾳽˽ĵ˱䣬ֻܵɥ;û䡣
идԲ֮νףˡϾ˵ɻеľ־磬Ƕȶ֮Σ޾ָطš
ҡҡͷһԵΪħޣҾĸߡ֮ڣ˱򣬾١ˡ
ǲ⣬ʵٴӺӺ
ԲԺûоŶ֮ٵףôΪ㽫Զͣԭض粽ǰһٽ٣ζȶ֤Ȼ޴֪ǰߣǺߣнԲἰܲеЩ
ķ˵һĴڼΪҪȴԢڰʾȶ֮ˣڷ
ʧ־ǷȱΪԵΪԷΪоһȻˣģ£ɼˡһԪʼ򷨹һֽͶԶתߣȥҲ
ЦЦ˦ҷͷּ̧꣬һ⡣ʹ˿䶴չǡʱ

һâգھȻը
֮˲䣬ƬƬַеľתһһ֡Ƭ̣ʧֻʣ·嶥ϵ
һԪǰԶʮλʿǰǷ飬Լաҹ̨ԺλڵħޣԪӡʷƽӡԪ֮⣬µλ껡
еַһԪϵľйءµĽֻ֮
˼Σǲ⣬ЦΪģҲû࣡
̨͵˶죬羰ʱͬеַкΣǽ޴ӴĦһ٣۵Ӧϡħһͬչȥˡ¶κΡ
ο˴仹ȴʤڰƧѰȥҲñչһʱˡ
̨ӦԼǣؽ˾ޣշ
վ˹˹֣ɽ壬ֱããԶȥ
嶥ϰƬ̣˳֣񣿡
˵ȥҡͷûУ
ҹҲҡҡͷ̾ͽ棬չؿޣлԵҲδءǲڷ嶥һԪȥΨִʧˣ̨ҲˣٵȥֻܱͬԶԶ˦ʱҴǿҪ
ΪȻ̧ʾȥ
ת֮䣬嶥ˡ
ΣµλڵħҲסˡ
ԪӴӵվ𣺡λҵΪ㣬֪ܶ£Ψ쾳磬ܰҶ߳죬Ҹˡ˹֣ҪȥڳİԪӡʷƽӵҲǶ˼һͷ͡
ڴʱʯǰȵ¡
ԪӺǴ㵣סҪ⡣ѴʯǰתŲмһڣ߳һ֪ߵغС潫쾳統ϷɡʣԽ˭ֳ𣿡
ڵһԶԡ
Խ˭ֳ𣿺һ֮⣬˰ɣ
ȻܰԵ˵Ļȴ޴ָ𡣺Դӳ֮󣬻û쾳硣ʹ꣬ǹһֻһӵ֮һ壬ƵһԵ˵ҲǾΪ㡣һԪľԣһִͣϾ磬ֱǳ˵Ρ
ѵԼ֮ǿնӾŶ֮ٶɢѵľΪңС롭
ԪӾ˵ԣ޻ԵһԪͽ֮٣
ĬƬ̣ߵһ޴⣬ֻ˲һ˿ԶҡҡͷǼ֮ͽҲԭ˭Ҳ಻סˣǾת磬Ҳ
Ԫвʣ˵ѣҲȹ޲ǡû˵꣬Ԫ㵶пࡣ
ָֻ̧ķ΢ЦСĪن£ʮ֮أػĴչ֡νͶǣ־ϻԵڡ


1499 ̲һ
ʦͽͣ
е˴ǰйâ·
ǵâ֮ǰĽƱ£ͬһǽںب֮䣬ȴ֮ޣϳҫۣԶԶȥ첻
ʦһ磬дԽȥǷɵִ죿
Ų㣬ȥˡӦ²
ʦͽЪϢ֮󣬹һɫĹâֱǰšһ죬ת˲֮侰ɫ졣
һūδסΣظͣ⧲֮£ҡ׹䡣ūǾʧһץסʦҲĸ⣬ȴæң¹â˸˲仯۽𷢵ģʮɵ֮Ȼ˳ץס˵ӵֱۣ漴̤ſֹסơ
խѳʮһաңԶǰȴйâöճҫƬһ֮СǿĪ֮˲ֵ
һҴ⣬ֻΪʩչ˼¡ҡ֮£ʦͽ˵ҲΣݡʶǲ뻢ͷһӰ
ūʦ֣Զεūѳ轾ݣʦҡ
һο԰꣡
ūץøˡ
һ˼ȴûзߣԶɻľŲ㣬ƼΪǿ󣬼ʹĳΪҲӦѣһޣֻҲ޴⡭
ūС˵Ų㣬зѰмƽϡ
һüĿһǰֻǽ۽𷢵ģϡ˫ͷԲ˽ףŨüµ˫ת˱죡
ū֮ʣ޵ʦҲ
һͷһƳصǷлϧʦһˣ
ūСȻݸ
һȴ˵Цū̡ȥԶصĽƱԷſΪ̤һʮɣִǰ
ԶԶȥټһУеӰԵüΪСʦͽҷĽɫâңԶǰҫӳɻԡһǣڹУֻΪѰҹޣûյ̣
ʱԺǰڳʯ䷽Բǧſ黷ƵʯɡǧɴСƹâµľſǳȴ໥ǣȻ֧һͨ
һūֱӴ뷨漴˾еʯ֮ϡŵأɿūס˼ֺݺݴ˼ڴ
ʹ֮ǿ֮ƴȫľŲ㣬Ϊɴ˿˶絹Ҳ
˴Ȼͷټ
һĪΪޣ޿֣һȥ˾죿˵ãǧʱ⡣
ūںʦƣ͸ɫæߵԣеʦηЪϢƬ̡
;еãһᴳʲôӡ
һҡҡͷδ䣬ȴɫһū⣬ͬһ̧ۿȥ
ʹʯ赲ǰĽɫâȻҫ۵Ĺ⻪֮кһ߲ͬĹâоŲ˸Ȼ΢ȴƵ÷̻ǵãǰΪɫƣŲʳ֣ס
һƬ̧̣űѷԭء
ūƮȻʵʦǷѰͷټ
һͷҲأâѽūڻ巨֮ڣŴȥ鿴
ʦͽٴԡڽɫĹâ֮СȻ٣ƵȥһȻˣֻѭǵŲʵĹâ׷Ѱȥ
Ǽʱȥûȥ·ֻһؽǰ˸Ťζ˵ǽڣ˵öʵһ룬ֻͱǲݣӼɵ⡣
ǲӿĽ֮Уѱ˺һʮɴСĿӣоŲʹ⻪˸
һǵڣĪһ룬ǿΪūֱǻڷȥ
֮ɲǣХŹâҵӿȻʹ꼤Գ֡ͬȥ֮ãȴַ·̶̵˲䡣ʴӵãȻ֮ʣͻȻ㾲졣
ӰƿնʱޣԽµ㣬漴޷˵س뵽ޱߵľ֮СŻĽâȥʦͽǵ񷣬ת֮䣬Ȼ˫˫׹ء˵ͳϴ󡱣ϲЦ𣡻繧ʱҲ
һԽŲ㣬ȻǼΪƣ¹λֵܵİΣ˿иմԽһ̣˿ȴҲǵ˾ƣĵزֻܴūǿǰ׹ȥ
ͨ
ʦ
һ׹صĶһ
һݺˤڵϣӲʯҵмŽȴײ뻳еūǽС˶ڿƮ׺ʦȻǱȴЦɣŷһԣϤĲ̲ס̧ĿȻ
һŵǿգ޼ʣȴֲǳΨǧ֮߸һʺ硣ɫ˸˫ңɼֽǰ˵Ǹһʺ֮ţͨأ
ںӳ֮£һ޴ڵʯԭǻݼŵʯϣȻ̻ᡣ
һɽӣ˶΢΢ҡΡȻΪƣ澼ȴ͸õ顣䲻ɢķʱڡ
һͷʮɵİ׻͵룬ϵ˫ȻȲϽӴ󣬱ĺȴԾͷĽɫǣԼɫĻ첻ЦԶէƵ
뻢ͷȻйһĶǵľǲȻһֳ˵ıģ
һӵ͵ײƶ֮䣬ʹ泩ֽ̧ūƿϥȣ˿ڴ̧ЦǺǣһԵУ˴ʲôڣһΪ˾졭
ūʦò漴ĬĬһԡ
ͷİ׻ԶŲֱȥȶҡͷԳЦҲǺڡ磬ϴ˵˵
̾һʮ⣬˶ף΢΢ԴһļͷᴥǵľٶܰȻ꣬תūū̴ڰţ漴̧СâһġٿȻף̾ᡣūЦӯӯ˵Сģɷǿɰ
һūкųϴĪֵ֣ΪԴԽ磬츳ͨЩô˫˫仯ԡ˾޷ǿʤıʹȻȴҲ̽ʵ⡣һ·ȫϴıӻ뻢ͷⲻȥٲΪֵܰ
ͷһԴҡΣ޵ѽĿڲźãңһƨûˣ𡭡
ơһųԽŲֵ֮Ϊֻ̣ڶڽ
һɫһֵֻ˴Ϊ죬̲һߡ


1500 лԵ
˴Ϊ죬̲һߣ
Ļ𣺡뻢ͷ˴֮Ҳǵ˾죬ȴַԣĴ鿴ȻΡ
һɻ̧ͷ
˴ƺ޼ʣʵн֡ǵɫĲʺ磬һǵɴԽֱ졣ֵѼֿ̣ϴǣң͵ЪϢȺֻ˴۶̲٣
ԼǣҺеţЪϢգʱֵܴ
һһ˦һ̳̳վٿȻɳ
ǽ׻˵ſʱˮŨ硣գۼٶ̳վƼ˵ףվ̳ӡžһءֵĺڵأ˫˫һԻ˯
һǽ˸ľ䲻İ׻ʾλֵˣЪϢмƽϣ
Ļδ䣬׻ĺХڵϴ󣬻ͷǼһ˯ṳ́ʵ
ȴǿʵ˺ڣ
һЦӦȻͣˣ⣬ʵ˵ʮλħ޸֣ҽ֮УΪáȥ죬ֵٲ˵

Ц̶β̾ᣬͳȻȻǳ뺨˯֮С
Ҳˡ
һǾŨصλֵܣס̾һ
̶̵Ĳһ䣬ƽģֹħǣֱ鶯䶷Ƕ¶ղϣշħ޵ڶֶóԸڼѵƣ
ڴʱ̳֣һֻˮӯ񱭣Լ̴侫ɵ֮ٻ˱ǶʹƣΪ֮һ
һ񱭣¡ķҷֱ͸θŵڿζվͷǧ𥣬аٻ;˲ϣֻū
ū̾յźȴʦⲽȥͦζֹµıӰɵɫһա
ٻһԵλʦǧ𥣿νǧ𥣬Īѵõɼʦˣū䷢п;˲ϣֻū
һĺۣЪϢ̽ܵʵ֮ǰܷΪϴΪʦ˵Ǹⲻſ񣬾Ȳ٣еԵԵȥݵһ
ķǿ죬ٶ֮䣬û˽Ƶظ
һ˼̤֮𣬲ԸΪʦĴߣūԱ㣡
ūӦһԭء۹ȴǵӰԶȥ͸ŹС
һ촩գֱǵʺȥһʱͣ
е˴ʺ֮⡣âöǺź磬ŻɣĪƳУԼĽƷ϶֣һڴԽĳ嶯ɴ˿ҪԽǵʺ֮ŻҲѣ޷һֱǰ
һĬĬһĪ
꣬жһöɫӡġ׷硱ڣ׷ȻĻֻصϡ
ӣǷھ죬ձ㽫˭ĳҪǰһ
һֳ̧ȥͷ漴ȡ֮Ͻ«´Ŷһ̾
ĳģһ統ĵǸСӣ֮ǧ겻䣬Ψֹط治ʶ˵㣬ĵһߣĳǰȴܵסʱǨֻ㣬ĵϡ
һתڰмѲ߮ҡǰֱʱ֮󣬲һء
ܿƮ޾ʵ򲻹һڡλֵ˵ǵʺ֮⣬ȥ·
һʯ֮ϣūע˰֣ʾЪϢ꣬Խ˯е뻢ͷӭʱķϥ
ūβ棬ֲҾţȻһԣʦһ̧ͷȥ
ʱǵȻʧҵʧһŤͣƹã·ʺĵӰ̶°쵡
һʯɣ˿۹Ͷ밵յɲǼ䣬붨ˡ

ͬʱҲ˫Ŀʹڤ롣
ɸ߷֮ϣһλȹεϸˡչصıչأػĵػģֻڴ˴Ӹ߶ءûȥһԪϵľžԣǾΪĬĬŽϢ仯
һ˵ˣ罻ôҪԶһָƣۼ֤Ų׺ɣıǨ
Ǳĸ֮ʱȻҲȤʮڵɽʯĮڡԭƲңȴ־ȻķȻ仯޲ѭķ
֮ϵŻ⣬£ȴ¡֮£ӳ
⣬֮Ļ֮˵ڻԼŲ֮С֮֮ԴȪ
֣ܻһءȴȶɣΪΣ
ڴʱһ΢紵
絫жǾޱǰף
鼱æ˫ۣȴɫ΢޽ģ́ͷ۲ԶʯԶƵ͸żɻɫ
粢ڴеı仯ԶķȻʡֻ΢粢δͣЪƵءûǿѰƽ΢ӹۣȻ˿˿ˬ⣬мֲҰϢһԭҰĻþ
ݵƣӭ΢һץָŲ
ָһ㵭ĳϡ·̵ζ
ȻȴΪޣԳһأմķʹеʮλħͬԼһҲǲմ̻ˡôҰϢ뷲׵ĳִӺζ
鲻⣬ȴвӵվƮȻ˸߷塣
һտϿУԪʷƽǰС˴裬ɾһ䡣꣬еİԪӻͷһƳѵ뿪˾塭
ʷƽӸתȥƣҵѵÿϾЪϢƬ̣
ԪӻЦǺǣȥûҷһʱһʱ
˾ͽԶɽ£Ѱһط¡
ʷƽ̾˿ԹҪʮɽˮǿѡΪãֻƾʹ
ԪЦкã껶˱׸ϵĮػģǲŽп಻ԣó̳ƣк˾Ծ壬Ϊҳûá
ʷƽӸпѵãϸϸƷŽӹ̳ӣæʾѰˡ
˲ƣҴԶ
ײδѰǴԶȥһϿ֮УһƬɽϡԲ鿴һ
һѣ΢΢ѿ϶ۺš
ãйâ̶չƣȻЦǺǣɽƽ𣬴ɳ䣻˺δѰҲɡȻŨȴ˷Ϣˣػͬջ񣬵ߣһĪΪűչضռ˱ˣⲻ֪컯ֻһϢϢأĪлԵ


1501 ب
һ޻Ե⡣
ʼЪϢɣеʯҲһһ顣۹һֱʱķҪ͸ޣȥѰ㼣
ǲֻһƬŤİգ߼ʧ϶ƹ⵹ӰĲУǧİ߲ϡɼһ·ķ羰ڽ֡ˡй£֤ŷ̵ıǨ
֮У˭
һλ˻𣺡˵ۻӰ˻֮أһHСɸҵ򣿡˻δֹ־ʧϷħ֮λ㣬ǧھ㣡
һλħ۷ھ飬һ󹶻ߣҲ˵ȻҺΥ͡˵Ǹ߸ϵħ𣬵˵һλˡѪ⼲䣬ɢԻһֻعޡ
ҹľ˭ڿ
һҰݴĶǰһλޱ߷ߣ߳ĺ縣ɲİ׷մ˳Ҷһûʯͷνķ֮䣡Ϊˣ
ӵվ¹â۹Ȼȥת֮仯һϵߣȻЦԻֻȻڤһǽţԴ澳硣֮⣬Ҳ
峤ӦֻеԼʡӦйĶȴһδεֻʧҡ
տɽУ˭Ѫսݣ
һӰķҫ˼תһ
ӵзƣ˭Ķ־ǻǬȼյѪҹաһ̣ҫ۴ĿĹâըƬƬѣǿĪŭȥ׵Ҷˣķɽ־١Ⱥ̮أԹڷУͬһعȺǰɱȻ˲ִ۵ѪֱɽȡΧһĲҺ
ĳΪĶǣҲΪһսħ
ƹ룬羰Զ⣬˭׳ң
⣬ݵһʮ˳򡣶˹ޡﴨ⣬թŰӣΪ˽ī룬ĻĹ鱩ɢˣԼĪɢˣϤѡ᧿Σ֮ʣһӰƾըǱŽѪ⣬ǧϤĻҰ㣬߶ġ
߹ս˭ڶԡѪ
һӳһѪֻ꣬ͷأһ£ǹۣڵһȥʬѪӡѪǧĺŭڣɱ⼤ʧȥΪǽضϵҲһХȻը飡
ɽھţ㡣ٺȻ̾߸ĸʦߣҶˮͷĻرţҸеա
⣬˭߳أ
ս죬һͳڣޱۣ򣻷׶ɽ磬ˡ
ȴСǣ䡭
ݷƣ˭ݺķ
Ϸ粨𣬶ͷɽӤս˷Ĺ̾ն̣ϼջҹδħڣؾӡʮ˳һС
ţ˭˲˭ǣ˭˶ϳ˭ˣ
ɺѰɵľңǻˣͻַǡˮ顣ɽ¶ʢŵӿУ֣쾳ˡĪɸǧð׺˫ͫѨ꣬Я̤Сˮǧɣ׷顣ɣǰãã
ŨµУȻȴ쳾Ρղڣ޶ϻ
;Զ˭쳰Ц˭Ȼ̾
֮ϣһλеϵʿЦо֮ԵϨ޻磬һ֮¶ΣΣ
ԪһѰѰˣȻˣҲˣб죬ݺὭ𣬲ʧӢɫ£ԹһΪҳ𣬲ϧ踺ضԶ⡣֮ʣȻöʧģ׳ʧңĻŭţȻɲǣѤöֶĿ
һҹǱˡ
֮У˭ж
紺μʱ࣬ȥƳٴִȥĹáౣء
ʯ֮ϣһԼȻʱȻʱˣʱ̾ϢʱĬĬǧֺ֣γһԶȥķ羰ȻУѰѵĺ쳾£Լıϣʱᴩһһ˵ĹȥĳС
ǡڴʱﴫʱɴ໬Ϫˮʱ߽飬ɽۣʱŵɸڡ֮ʹĻ갲Ȼ֮⣡
һת˼䡣ѭһԣЩ⡣
ūϥϥͷڷһؽͩᲦŪȻǻְΪöʤ
˲䣬ȻֹȴƲ˽ߺӵū£һоţʦĪ֣
һĬȻΨ۹ɫԶ
ūḧ٣ҽӦΪа֮ܡǰżţȴǲ⡣
ū˵ѹգΨʦūŹС仰ʹỨӯίСģһֱԱػʦȴշȻİ
ѹգ
һҡͷº͵ٺ
ūʦָ̬æȥỨӦΪԻΡ
һɫ΢ȻƬ̡̧꣬һָ£һֻ˸ǰ֮ߣ˲ת䣬ƽϪ桭
ūû뵽ʦɣеί˻գȻ޵תٻأǣ
һٿȻʧվζһ쳾ʮ꣬ȥֻڸƼ䣡
쳾Ρ
ū΢΢㵣٣ȴ̲סʦȻѣȴ˫ĿĪں쳾УǡβƼ䡭
һ̧ȻһѣɷУ
չʱİƹ֮Уһλ̤ƮȻַЦǺǣǶ
һɫ΢գ֮䣬ߵӰЦͬһĨƹʧ١ȻƬ̣΢̶һЦ
ūһ쳾ʮ꣬ȥֻڸƼ䣻һѣɷС
һȻת˿
̻ʯһƬտ㾫һڰҡͷβšŰɽХֱ£̶ǰףڼ۳ҡ
һδӦȴס
ūץʦ䣬·ȻʦҪˡ
ҪˣʹԶģԶһУвᣬķ羰һ·
һЦݣĬĬͷ
ūתǰֵȥֽΣ
ֽΣȻ
һ˫üбȻӦʼȥˡ;УôҴҡִҴң
·ûпʼҲûյ㡣Ҵȥǵҷ⣬貾ޣҲһ̶̵ɲǼ䣡
һٶ˵ץūǰӰƮƮʦͽ˫˫ıϡڿնɲǣֻɫĹâ֮ͬʱǷűϵʦͽˣֱߵǵʺȥ׻磬ҡͷβԾ档
𡪡
һХ˫̲񷡣
ϡ
ƣɽƲʺ硣
顪
ڻԾ֮ʣһʯ͵İҶֱֱڵϣĸӴ֣بɡ


1502 ɺǣ֣
ָӼ䡣
ħǣΡȻ
ǰʯϣվżλ쾳ʿֱһˣһ뷢Ұ׵ߣλħǷεӡ
˿˿ߴĳţ۹ӹʯӰַһѴ̾˻İ̩ķȫǰ֮۲Ŵԣ
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