==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
߳ǿ
: Ų

ݼ飺
񷣬ؽڽ£˭档 Īģɱһӷɾɣǳ񷣬ʿ
齲һѷ޷еڼʥؼʱڽ䷢һصʯ񣬶ʯͫʯȻ䣬ᣬнһĵط񼣡


1 ţ1
һӣʮ깦
峿ѵʱ̡
žžž
Ƴɳһɳ̲ϣĴʱҲѡ
ɳһھ̾ڳƳǶ棬ˮϰΰڡ
̲һ¶һȭͷֺĴСȡȡֱۡԼͷ
ĪԼʮ꣬էȥĲ࣬׳ʵҸߴڣȫ²˺ۣƤ˾Ƥֽˤÿλײ¾ڲ
򹦣
꾹µ幦Ǳ˿ᰵ꽫ӭɱ֮Ϊ幦ɵڣš
幦ֻſеġӡһеص㶼ҽأҰһС
žžžδĴӲûգۡ
ףȻһ粻ǧĴ壬ײŹ֡
ԴƺѾϰߣ˦˦ֱۺȻͣ£ֲպ飬ˮºĿ壺£ڿǰʹΪϣСĽʵûܵӰ죬вãҶֿ̤ɡ
ȶѵ㻹𣿡
Ȼ׺ĺһߴӰ߳ӣһ˴Ҷ
øߴͣͷףҲʮͷڹִ۽޽ȴƣ͸һɰѹ˫֣沼̣˫ֳ죬Ǻˣ֮
Ǻպġɷ֡ҶԶҶһ֮ҲҶȸףһƷޱȣڶʮʱ˫ʮӥȫˣ£Ҷҵһ֡
ҶԶҶȣҶӣɭɭܣҶԶĿȻͣǵ㣬ȶСĶ鱦䣬Ӧ˽ԪǿбɢˣҲɢȥĵѾѷ죬޷޷С
ҶĬĬͷͫףɺʼշŲ¡
Ҷȱ䣬ҶԶҲʹĳȶ֪Ҳ뷨ͬҲǵ룬벻룬ʱ뿴ʵ
ʵʵ̫أҶȸоѹǧʯһʱ͸ͻȻ߬˫ȭͫһŭ⣺ɶؼң
ҶԶĿһؼҼҴƴ󣬲Ҷܿģȷʵţʮ꣬޵ػ磬Ǵǵ̫⣬û뵽ؼҾȻصôδ

һδ֣ҶȫѪڣԺػ棬ǰǰǴᡣ
Ƴ壬ƿǳص׼ңϵһ壬ڳƳӵмؼңҶҡ
ÿʮӳƳʮӣ׳ʵõ;ɵڣȻµҲǸ߸ϵġ
ΪҶҰţҶɳΪҶƼһӣÿ˶֪ҶȳΪŵӲɡ
򹦣ʽ̤һ֮ʮͻƶʽؾؾ磬̤Ϣ֮壬ʽʿżΪԪ̾ᵤʣʵ
һֻڶ̶˲ı䡣
ͽؿ飬Ҷ˳ͨǰأһǳǩ֮˱䣬Ӯͨˣ߽Ե̤ʿ硣
ҶȶһؼĬĬŵǰҶȾԼ֣ʮ֮ǰ޵Ϣ֮٣ʷʮûгֹҶΪʤա
ϧڳ˲䣬Ҷû㵹ˣһҶûз֮ɶԷȻ֣һڵϣò޵õԪ˲仯ΪУͬʱԪѵ췭ظһ˲ѣȻûͣ˼ҶȣҶȵУ˲䣬ҶˣڸҶԶǿг֣ŴоҶȡ
Ϊϣٵһʱ֮䣬߸ϵҶȣõǰǳҲʡάȡ֮볰ЦҶԶҲܵǣ
ҶȲ˵Ǹţһȣʲô
ʮ경Ϣʮͻػ磬弸һʮͻػš
ؼң
ʮ꣬أ磬ôҫ۵ĳɼ
һвԹ㣬ȶտĳ񣬰Ҫɨݹҹж£ЩͳҪȹЩӺᰲżһЩ㣬ԺúðĴ¡


2 ţ2
ҶԶ꣬ת뿪ߴӰʧɭ
һжڱ䣬ҲǰҡϣϣҡǰҶأҲУһ˶࿴žɭ֣ҶĬĬ˼ãᶨֲĿزĵľˡ
ںӱ߼ϴϴӣ·뿪ɳӰ
Ƴǣʮ˱߽ǳأǰڶǳ֮һλ߾
Ǳ˿٣ĵطҶұǳǱһңڳǱ̵ꡢҶҿơ
ʥԺһӵнǧԺӣҶҼʥء
ߺשǽſڰڷʯʨ͸ŹӴֻʯʨ̦ѷ죬Ӧôû
Žգû˵Ҷصأս֪Ҷ·һ˭롣
ʯһҶŰ塢ŷ춼֩ɼкܳʱûɨ

Ȼһ󾢷ɨҶ׷ɣҶųزǰܣϺƽƶţ֨űѴ򿪣ҶȽС
ʥԺҶİΣҶԺϵҶԿܲƣԺһƬ䡣
ҶȴԺӣһΰ칬һʥֵĺɫңŴ󿪣ܿ㰸ƣһ񣬹һ߶ߡ
˽ţҶȿʼ֣ɨ¥ȡ֩һ飬ȻԡʯʯʵȰںãſʼɨԺҶ
һæµѾҶЩԣְſɨһ飬ʯʨŶˮĨøɸɾ󻹰ȡľ͸ҶæʱѾƻ衣
˿̣Ҷͷ󺹽ʥһ¾ǹ³ͷŰ°룬ÿСϸһ飬ְѴʰøɸɾֻ߰㣬ʲôУ̨ʲôУҶԵȵȣǹѻġ
أʥ֮أȻɶѷĵطʲô飬ж棬һжˣ칦ˣ
ҶȺǶʥأȴŪǱ
һڿҶȴ֮ǽǺһʯ񣬾˲С
Ҷȵһͨٽܸ㶨ȻȴûԹ
ȣ
ҶȰȻһȣ˫ʯҶȫͻƿҪѶżʯڱҶʯҶȸ߳һͷҶԶߡ
ղŲ㱳ȫ⣬ֱڻľǵѷƺڿѣȥҲɢóףһ˿Ҷ۰С΢΢СƬ̣Ĩʯ
еʯǻҳҶŸɾһʯͨʯҶǰ
ʯһλʮҵˣһͷ˳ں󱳣ųۣ˫ֱһλʿѧʿɫƽǰ˫ƽͫŷ𶴴񷣬˴ŷʲôض
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȫ
ͨͨʯʵҲǳʯҸʯʯһɼ֮ˡ
֪ΪΣҶʯ𾴣ǿ϶Ҷһλ棬޾ж羴Ӳɣʯ˲Ҷ
ͻȻʯ˵ض˶ܵҶŨŨ𾴣˫۾˸һ⣬⻯ΪҶͷ֮ŷǸΪӴڷ
һУҶȾδ֡
꣡
ʯ˫ͫ˫ʯ²ѣ˲俪Ѳͫ£ͬʱʯǿնͫһʥ׹⣬ʯڰյʱʼɱ䣬һʯ䣬ɢ棬ʯ鲻ˣֻɫҺ壬ᡣ
ף
ҶȺȻѣΪʲôˣļʱ̧ͷ˴ʯɫᡣ


3 ϲ֮˻֮ʱ
᣿Ȼʯ֮У
ҶȲɵΪ֮һһ˲ץɫᡣ
ݣ
ɫͻȻ˸׹⣬Ȼ϶ΪһâδɢͻأҶüģʧ
ҶȲţ۾ɵôģͷȫǺ飬ŷһԼδӦǵɫʧǰֻо˸üĴйůϢɢ
ħñ仯Ҷľ
ʥ
ҶȴϢɻʱǰʯ񾹷һͳ֮
˵
Ҷ̧ͷʯһ㵣ǲ˼飬ΪʯȻ˫ͷŵ׹⣬ͬʱҶȸоüḶ́һ׹˸
ʯüģҶǲ⣬ûκη֣ʯǰͨԼҲûκα仯ֻʯ۾ѡ
Ҷ¼ʯʮ飬ɵͷһ
ʯȻͨȻ䡣
飡ԣһ飡ãҶȾ˲ʲôлһƬɻ
ٴϸʯҶȾԽŷʯһ㣬һȴƽĺܣʯǵһйиоʯƺʲôܡ
۶ˡ
ҶʶʲôҲִʯϿȻһӰʯסȻҶ̨¿ͷδϡ
峿ɳӰ
žžž
УҶһˤͬǣҶȷɫûаӡĴƬ̾ʧˡ
٣û뵽һҹ֮䲻ҲۣһǵɫԲҶ̤һ磬ɣǶʽ
ҶдϲƳ仯Ȼֿ˻

ҶͻȻ¶ףȳǰһضұ۸չ䣬ȭɲųȭ俴ȥ򵥣ȭХȣʮ㡣
ȭ߲ȭҶԹȭųţȭ򵥣Ƚ壬巢ȭһһȭȭ
ȭ£Ҷȫ¼ⱥҪ˺һ㣬ɣӣɶ
ɵ壬ʮΪ׼
һΪʮΪ塣
һΪɴ¼̻öܡۡԾɽȷʽǣȵȣȡСȣֱۡ履ţһ
ʽȭȷƷԼǹȵȣƿʽԳ£ھ
ؾأͨʽкﵽһ־ᡢˮľ磬ɣھתΪ
Ϣ壬޴ţسأ壬壬澭ᴩﵽһھγԪؼ衣
ػԪںϣʱԸӦҪõԪΪ
һسƿؼϢ䣬ܼԦ
ͨ飬޴ɣ壬ʼͻغһ硣
̩ɽɣӵѹƿѹ̩ɽβơ
̤ͨɵţӵСɽɱ˵Ⱦ޴ͨ
ʮͨӣʮҪһһɹӣʿ
䣡
ɭ£ʯɢ䡣
Ҷջȭͷǰʣ´صһʯղһȭһߴʯˡ
һȭȫûھ̫Ȼתһ˿ھ޷ᡭҶȴ·һɳӣвᣬԺ˵أȭﶼϰսȭͷһ˲࣬ȥﻹ޷ԶͣɶأʽֻǷѣʿ֮𡣡
ĬһҶȸæƳǱȥΪһҪᣬ
񣬲Ůʮ궼Ҫг񣬳شΪʿŬʮƽҲʱΣʱûнʿżԺ޻Ե
磬Ҷһ䷿ڣҶȴϴϲۣҶɹ٣úϲ뿪䳯Ժȥ
ҶԺڷʮϯȴֻˣҲδԱ
дҶԶ̸ʱȻ˲˸ߺ¼
ҶȴԺԺɨӿ꣬һǰμӲ죬ǸƳǼͷﶼ룬ΪľֺͽʱѾи߰ϲһŵӡ
ڡ㷲Ҳĳֲ֪ٱ
ȶЩ£а̾ͿϯҶԶҶֺ̳Ҷʵʵ߹ȥ£Ī֪
ʱһ˱ҶԶԹˣм嶼ǲ񣬵ûʹ߾۸硣
ҶԶƽ˿յԺ䣺óϲˣ˲μӹᡣ
ǣת뿪ˡ
߲ˣԳһ䣬ҶҶԶǷп֪Ҷҵһȫ˲μӳˡ
ҵûٰɣ
ԺڣһλѮλɭһԺ
ҶƳۣλ峤ϣҲЦô
ҶѮΪҶ죬ҶҴϣλƤڵǶҶףʣҶǺӡҶǣŨüһӸ֮ˣλüЦէȥ׺ͽˡ
ҶԶվ˹ʩһһ£ʮֿЩҶ˸ϵһʱмˣ໹ǿŵġ
ֹãҶȽ˾ۼԺ¾ͬʱʼϲˡ
׼ʹߵ
׼ϯʱһ˷𼤶Ժߺ
׼ң
Ҷ˶ÿǼżȴš
УֻҶȺǰģ׼ˣ֪᲻
ҶվԺȥһҶȣҶϸȥ߳ʱһСȴԺڡ
ɵˣʧ̾Ϣ
СˣҶҲҵ
ҶԶҶȼ׼Сȥ׼С˾ȻҶԶһֻۣӻͳһţóĮȻ֪ҶүҶΪϣұ֮⣬Ѳ׼С㣬Ҷ֮׼ȡ׼ңս

ҶҴԺֹ
׼ңҶȻǷˣҲߺߺȥģҴϲ֮յڻڻ飬ѵôɶ񡭡
ѹʱķŭڱҶҲ̲סȭͷ׼СˣС˾Ȼ¶һȻηı顣
䣡
ŭȭҪڻС̣ͻȻһɰҶȣȫžɳڿ趯Ҷغ̧ͷǰһƬѪɫģ壬ȴ˷һĮ񣬶ҶԶջ֡
ղųֵĲǱˣ׸ҶԶ
Ϊʲô
Ҷþȫ˻˵˻ȴ˻ƵӬСҲţѪ˳°˲Ⱦ·ɳҲѪ졣
׼ҡɺ޵š
ҶѪֳ׼С˷Ѿȥϧųھͻ赹֪¡


4 ǧžͷ
ˮ
ҶڴһȾʺɫؿڴԿɼѪֻܶɵ˻ƵģƣԴݺʲôҲ벻
ֻˮ
ȱˮǴˮ֣ԭֻһʧ˴Ѫˮ
ģ䣬Ҷȸоڸιˮ˹ȥ

֪ãҶȺȻһûſۣԾʹϤˣүˣ
ȥһϤĮɳƣ׺͡
ҶȺȻſ۾ŤͷȥȻһߴϤӰ
ҶԶߣסҶȼ򣺡ȶҶһöѪ輸ղ´߶
˶ãˣ׼˵ʲô˻飬ԣҶǵҶȺƣҡͷԴ˼Ȼ۾ҶԶһ
ֻһҶԶƺ֪ҶʲôڴߣһˮҶȺϼڣҶ΢ģҶԶſڣȶյҲȲѣǼҲڳƳһϯ֮أ׼ҡؼһи嶼Ҷһ׼Сˣ׼ҶҶ鷳һ׼ҸһС˵ıʱϸĦСˣȻΪ
ҶŴһ㵣ʲôɾǿߣ㶼Īǡ
Ĳ࣬С˷ǵСˣ˵׼ʿ׼ΪҲ벻ͨҶԶͷ
׼ǳƳǾͷ׼Ϊ
ƳǱ׼Ϊʵؼڶȡ׼ҵλ׼Ҳһֱ£֣ʮͻɶءأٶѴ׼ڴϿǱʣ˵ףΪ忹⣬òӦսŮҲһ˵Сϸһ룬ȷʵ䣬Ӧˡ
ԭˡҵĻ¾һ׮ס
Ҷ겻ѣҶԶһµӰʹ̻ΪС
һʱžãŴҶԶػȶգǧ׼£Ҫȥ׼ָ˵ס
ҶĿҶԶ뿪˲䣬Ҷȼʹ׼翸ฺ̫ھʹ
ҶϷ̫࣬ʮƺҪ࣬ڼǳ˰ͽţһΪΪˣڳϲܴ裬˻飬һж̫졣
£ҶƺһӣһӻҪҲ
ҶȾúۣһֱ˯Ųѣ겻ֶϰ򹦣һ꣬ôѰ
ƴŬһΣҶȴʱоϽ⣬ʹ
С۾Ҫùô㻹Ҷ𣿡
ͻȻҶʱüͻȻȣһʶƮ䡣
˭˭˵Ҷʹֱ徯ܣоҪϵŷиʹࡣ
ʲôҲûУҶȺɻ˭֪𣺡üģ룬ǵᣬӡҵĲʶ

ҶȲɵһں̸üģԺֵһĻʱޱȹʵǰҶ棿
ܴ޵
Ҷͷǰ棬Ҹôƺ
ôƺҪҶˣ֣ʱ䣬λһжҪͻҡ塯
壡Ҷ𾴺ʱԷ֣壬Ҷ棬ӦҶ֣Ҷȼʵ壬ʯ𣿡
ʱҶȶԺ𣺡֮ǰ̶ֵɡ
䣿ѵ壿Ҷľ
ǧ֮ǧ֮꣬ǰӡʯ֮У»ԵҶҺ˶ʯϼݣӡԶ⿪ҲõҵĲҵĲʶҺοҲܻģǧֻ㻳ȳϺֿؼӵкܶûеĶԵʹԵҲ
Ҷľ㾪֮󣬱峬ĵ𾴺壬Ȼ뵽ʲô壬ܸоʯʲôܣй˵ĸо
ܴܸܲӦʿӦʯȷʵиܣǸҶѪɺӣҲ˵Ҷҵİ䣬ǸɵģȻҶҲ׼ҵĳ塣
ʲôܣҶһʱѪȣ׼ңǿµһ壬ƿټİҶ̲סʵ
ĿǰΪǲ֪ΪãǶɻҪ׶Σֻ֪̫һΪɲʸ֪
ɣҶޱ𺳣ûʣҲףӦ֮ϣ˵ȵɻҪĴڣҲ֮Ϊɡ
Ҷȣʶ̫Сɡɲϣɲʿǿɣ֮аɣһλɽһоš
Ҷȫëɣһлţ
ɹɡɡɡĸ磬˷壬ɲУ춨𵤣ǧ꣬ɸˣǻٵģɴɶɽٻΪɣɷһ硣
һ磿ҶȲ˼顣
ǸʲôҲֻ֪ǴŶѡ
Īǰɣ󾹻һʵ
ߣ޵ðôףʮͬʱУΪҲһûУҲֻһʿѣԱʿЩʶˣңǰҲŵӣЩͷҲһǧžͷѡ
Ҷ˫棺ǧžͷ壬ҲΪ
ȷϻ۹ˣһͨˣϢһʱ䣬Ϳ´߶̶Ⱥ廹ġޡ
ҶȺȻ£ĵϧ
ʵ̾ʲôȥȺûƵġ
ҪЩ壬ָҲܳΪǿߣϧǿϧҶ˵꣬ʶַ¸
ͷȣΪʲô£ô־뵱꺮ʮ궼ûдɣҵﻹ©ͨ޵һͨΪ㲻ǵ￪˼Ӱˡ
©Ҳ̼䣬ҶȶԺ𾴡
ƽѰ˵ǲУżȻõһϹ幦Ź޲ȱݡ
֮ҶһѪڣ˷޲ȱݣҲԡ
ȻҲԡ
ϣˣ

壬ôˣЩͣ٣ŷԿڣҶȺż޲ʸ
ãŵŹ죬һһʮʮɱͬЧҲǳأأһ֮ʵͿ߼ʮҲԣһ൱ʮͬȾʵ
ɱ
ʵ
ˡѪȵĻʹҶȿЦãǾʲô
Ȼ䣬ҶҲ˻ᣬ̲ס˼壬һֱûеõӦϢȥˡ
Ҷڴϣŷ֮𣬷ŷʲô


5 ج
峿һѹ˷ŷ޷Ϣ
ҶԺ

ȭ绢Хպ磬зƸ꣬Ӳ˺һӣһȽӰ¡
ҶȱƹȭɼǣŹ֮һɱը
ɶأʽѧȭȷȵȣһػѧǿʹӵΪھ̾ᵤ
Ṇ̀ڽѪҺ֮Уϰѧܰᡣ
ҶȺȻһǹʼϰǹֻڽýӯ£Ǳǹݴ̳
㱼䣬ǹӰһ֩ΧסҶȣֻ֩˿
գɢԺ
ҶվڿյϣסһųԲʯֿס󣬳סһδ֮΢ھӾ뵤䴩󣬿ʼڵ
ȫǺ飬ҶȽüͷʼоھҰޣҪҰȻ򵥣ҶȻھұ۾ۼǿųɫԲʯ΢΢

գۼһϢҶתԲʯҲֹҶЩǳϢΧɢ
Ҷȸ߸ԲʯڿһץסǲУ㾭Դ洢ЩھɱϾԴ޷޷
СϪǺ󣬺
ʧˡ
ϧӦ壬ŹŹԪ٣ҲûáҶȺʧҶȴۣ򵥰ѺԺʰһ±뿪ˡ
ţڳ
Ҷͨ鷿ȣȻҲмºҶ֣ҶȺسҲȥ
ǰһǽΧдɽҶ΢һţ˫סΧǽСͷǰԺӿҶƽʱҶҸ߲۴µĵط
ǰԺʮλҶڸҶԶʲôλѮߣӲץסҶԶ죬ǹ֡
ҶϣƽʱϵΪΣҶȺܲ⣬ǰҳҶͷС
ҶҶԶȵҡϵʱۣ˵˵׼ң׼ҶףҵȶԸ⣬˭֪һУҶҳ˳ƳЦĸ˵Ǹӣ嶼ҶҶҽҶԶϷҶ峤ڸһ
˵úܶԣǼԴضϣܶ˶ˡ
ǰȷ׼ϵҶҵõһЩôߣ˭׼ҰģҶԶ㻹֪ɣ׼ѾؼŲþҪ޸ؼ˭ڱЦҶҡ
һжɵģǸӡ
ڴҶ£ҶҸ߲㲻ٳĬ׷׿ϣҶԶȳ⣬𣬸ҶԶ峤
ž
ҶʮָΧǽץʮָۣԺֹȥ֣ҶȺȻ쳣Į˶֪ΪϵϢ˵ǹ֣Ҳ˵ؼͼƻңȻǵҶңҲһ¶Ȱźõģÿµؼңÿɺ޵׼ң
һ̣ҶȵǰδеƽҲ쳣˼ϡ
ҲһתΪˡ
ҪǾͳҲۣȥ׼ָ˵ǣָҶԶ뿪
ţ
˭֪ҶԶһӰǰ֮˾ǴҶ죬ɭɭһЦ첻˵ߡ
ҶԶһˣ壬ҶԶֻҪǶԵҶҲУҶ޷УϾҶҵˣһΪҶҸһУΪ
Ҷһãǻ쵰СϷ㣬˵Ȼ
壬˵Ҳ뽻ʲôҲûʲôԽΪҶ֮һ峤ҶԶҶ칰֡
˼Ҫ֣ã˵޵ɾأҶҵһ֣ϷվҪһɡҶ첻ĵ
ҶԶΣٴʵУ֮ǲǾʹ뿪
Ҷѵۣ׸ˣͷȻϷλϣ˼Ҳˡ
ҶסҶǺӣҶ죬ҶϣѵҪ췴ΧǽݴУҶ۾˶󣬺޲ϳȥΪ˵
Ժ룬ҶԶҶԶվһԹҶ˫ſġֱ˸˿˿⣬ͻȻҶԶ˫Ȼ֮Σ𣺡ơ
Ҷȼ״ϴ󾪣ƣǿҶҼѧ֮һġһơУҴ϶ǰͻɾأ˵Ѿվ۷塣
ȼ
ҶԶȻԭһܿҶϣͬʱƣҶԶƳһɳȻƣҶͷ֩ĵ

һ˸˺˴ӡ
Ҷ˫ЩҶԶȥûʲôҶڣ֪ҶԶһѾɣҶԶ֪
Ҷҵһ֣ҶԶû뵽ãϷ˵㻰ҪסҶѾʱĵزҶҸóʲôߣص㡣Ҷ촩·ҶԶ˵ϼ䣬ת뿪˲ƲŭһʲôбԼȥԡ
һŵβ뿪
ҶҶ壡ҶԶȻ¶οЦݣһһ뿪Ժ
Ϻ͵ǾͨǿߣҶҽеλǿߣղŽֶûʹɱﵣ֮ͨһֱ˵ƷңҲҲΪֻ˰ʹҶԶûˣҶŵ£ƳǱ£׼ҺؼϣһԸҶңиڰл񡭡
Ҷȴųص鷿ó˱ôж죬Ǽָ˱
æϣҶȲ˱ɫҶ뿪鷿ȥˡ
ҹµĳƳɷȻƱɫһʱһʱûӰ쳣
ҹֽǽһӣʿ
ݡ
ͨ¥ʱͻȻðݶڼǳ
ˡ
ʿγʼڼΧŽӿʼ콵ĺɱʱҶԶһɱ߳ӣɷˣҶԶ׼֡
ţӰȥ١
ͻȻһԶɭ֮ҹ
ܳŵҶԶͻȻɫ䣬ּ䣬˫־ȼܻ棬һҶԶҹգţţҶԶʱ㣿
ûţ˱ˣɷҶԶȻ鴫ܰ޵ʮصǿߣ׼ҲûмʮأҶԶֻһɹΪʿǣû֮ԶɲʿôҲվ已̥ܵ£Ҳҡ

δʧֻһ޴֮޵ҶԶʿѹ
һ𣬷ŷ񻮹յǶȴҫǡ
Ҷ
ôȥ˳㿴ûУҲ֪׼ûΪȻ͸Ҷȷ·żĴţ⿪˲䣬һλѪ˾վſڡ
Ѫҡҡ׹ͻȻڣȶ
ҶȼæѪҶԶӣҶԶε
ҶͻȻҶ˺ѷεľ


6 㣨1
ҶһԷˣҶԶˣҶ̴˷
ҵô
ǰҶ˫ϥأ˫ֽסҶԶ԰֣Ż˯ѪҶԶʱƵʣȲѯһ԰׷ߡ
ϡڸҶԶ壬ںܰҾϸ飬ﾡС
̸ҶԶһҩվҶ˵ҡͷ̾峤ﱻ飬һΪΪˮֲûɱ֣峤ǱסԺ޷С
ʲô˶š
Ҷ۽ǣŲˮ£סҶԶ֣ƤҲûգ¡
ڶ죬ĳƳӭõһ죬Ҷӭ˳ƳǴ֮ˣ̽ҶԶ
ҶԶˣΪϣҲ˻ȥϢһڳƳը˶ڶҶҡ
ͶǰԺϢϲ裬ЩƺһҲżȲĺȲ衣
ҶԶ䣬Ҷ졢ҶסҶǺʮλҶҸ߲ҶԶǰҶԶҶȼ򣬿ȥŷһҹʱʮ꣬ͷҲˣڻһ£ԵòôǱ
ҶԶɫǲ԰ףҶιˮȻ߾ʹҶŭ˭ҶҶһ֣֮ҶԶϷ򡣡
λѮˣȻܳ嶯
ԱֻʮҵҶǺ˳˳̿ҶԶȥֳϸһ飬ûʬףûƬ̹ʰúܸɾӦòѰˡ
šҶԶȻڡ
졪ءţҶ𾪲ѡ
ţɱ֮һҶһŭ죬ȴйĵĸоΪַ̫ء
ţһɣΪֻһ£ɱɱһ¸ɲУʷ֪ɺδҲֻ֪ҪǮǾͿɱˡ
Ժܶ˵ֻһ˵֤
һλüţǿŵĴڣɱ֯ɱӶʿĴΪλڳƳǣ
֣һ㣬Ų֣һԸҶң붯ŵҲ򵥣Ƴǵ£Ψؼҡ׼ʵҲֻǲпܡλ˿˵
Ҷ׵ͷĿѾﵽҲٵŻԸҶңĿǰҪǰҶסӣ԰ɣǺ֣
˵úܶԣ壬ʱվסҶңҸͷˣҶұضҡҶǺҲҶ׵ݻһۣҶ졣
ҶʱɫϣҶǺӡҶλһ˵Ȼ侲λҶȫĳϳ˼ãһҶԶǰϵҶҸȷʵԴΪأǳȥ̸ɡ
Ҷ߳䣬ʱҲûʹϵҶԶ˵߾ߡ
Ҷȹţ̷ҶԶ£Աߣһ߷߲ƽһЦǿЦҪ˯һ泳úܡ
ҶԶȻҶȣ㣺ȶ㳤ˡ
ˮҶˮ
ҶԶסҶȣҡҡͷѾ˺ܶ࣬ʱʣİɣ̫࣬ûʲôλҪѡ峤ôǶԵġ
ȷʵΪ룬ҶסҶǺɶףһֱ֮λûᣬ˵˾й
ž
Ҷȸ˵꣬͸оҶԶɭɭ𣺡ȶôģʲôʱ򣬶ҪԼˣ岻
ףҶȲҶԶأٱ粵ҶԶϱӡ
ҶȵĳĬҶԶƺЩڣۿ⣬ô꣬ǵһҶȣһҶȳϣǲѣΪҶȲųֵġ
ΪգҶת˻⣺׼Ҹ˵𣿡
ҶԶϺۣвζװµĵս˺ܽթû˵ţŵӣ׼ҳ汣٣ؼҰæ̬ȺܼӲһҪ˻顣
壬Ҷ̣츳ҲҪӣøؼң˸λȻһ˵ϻ
ȶ֪ؼŲһŮӣ壬ͱŽɽ׼Ҷɵؼң׼У˲ҶңؼңΪ˶Ըؼң׼ҲҶң˸壬׼Ҳ⶯ؼңؼҽùϵ
壿ҶЩˣ걻ŽɽʲôҶ֪źٻɽͽǸŮһв֮ͬ
ҶԶЩĵǸʮ꣬ɹ̤ɾ磬Ϊʿ


7 㣨2
ʮ꣬ɹʿ
Ҷɵˣ˿жԳʮأڳƳţԷʮ꾹̤ɾ磬ǿʿ硣
ҶԶ˵ʲôƺ᲻ҶŪñӣȥ϶úϢ
Ҷȹţֹס˳ԼĿ꣬ԼΪĸף
ʱһλ˼Ҷߣӣ㻹ǻرºã׼Ҳˣ˵ҲڣǸһġ
ţҶ۽ǣ۲ɾ˵ȥֽʹ
תȥһһŰֽëҶǰҶʯǰѰֽ̺ãë׼дһᣬëʣֱҧʳָѪһһڰֽдʺ֡
Ժ
Ҷӡ
Ҷֵܺãֵ֪Щ񣿡
ˣ°ˣ½ˣҶĮȻʱвǰкȴҶһۡ
ҶȱϾҶԶӣпܽҶҵĽӰˡ
氭ۡ
治֪ȤĪ뱻һ
мλҹ˿Ҷӣҡȣ˵ǽͷӶǴ˵ġ
ҶȺ޶ݣδʧ񣬳һһл񣬺Ȼ˶סĿ⿴ַһٻӰ
ǸɫȹŮʮģĸ㷢磬üë£ǳͶŮ׹·ʹ
Ȼ߸ϣҶв̾ԺкȻСʱǸ棬ǸеŮ
ʮǰҶԶҶȥ׸ʱ֪꣬£Ƥ׸ȥ˭֪һӵˮľСԺڿɻˮһţиСŮ裬źɻӡ
һ˲䣬ֻԶƳҶȾòû壬ԺҶζˡ
䣬Ҷۿʪ
⣬Ҳվӣʲô
ҸѷȥҶӶУˣԼŮ˶˽ȥˡ
ڳ˶֤һĻеĺЦеİ˴УҶȲǰǸһţֻһԼŮ˶סķˡ
Ȼ˶˳ҶȷȥһӰԺ裬Աߣȴһꡣ
ĥ˵Ķһļ䡣
Ҷѹסʱ֪ԼˣóǷݰֽҶȴ󲽳ȹŮȥ
кϷˣŹ
˰͵Ц
ְ߰ɨһҶȣڲмһЦҶȣӺõͦ
ҶûȴŭѪХ˾ڵĵˣҶͣסӣĿϣţҵһô㣬ҲһΡ
ͻȻɱ㺰ô
Ҫеӣھɱңգ۾ͲˣɱҽҶɱ㣬Ҷ֣ͱϻƣҶ򲻼ǿͷȻ֮ϡ
ˣ
ҶǷأڳסˡ
ַɵҲɵӼƽϵġִ
ҶȻ̧֣аֽ˶濴ֻ֪ʲôɵ¡
ҶչֽʺֳǰҶϣؿɼҶѪд飬δŶϾϵӴǷ޹ϸҶҪǷڣ˵
˵꣬ҶóһСĲȥʱСģѪֱŰγСֱ۶ϣһ棬תȥ

Ծ
ţҶ㣬Ӵ޹ϸ𡭡ĮȻ˦ݻҶתųزӴ߹
ʱ˿̣ڳ˶ĿҶȸղǷٶд飬Ҫ׼ϡ
΢΢ҧŷ۴ֱţҶȡҲŹ㣡
һɱ㣡ţҶȱӰɭɭ˵
ҶȲмһߣͷҲûһ£ȻʧǰֻʣһȺ˼顢Ĺڡ


8 Ѫ
Ҷһ¥ܣҶտա
ǾٶҶȲû˺ͺڣ쳣ƽɵӣҪһвƶ
С
ҶȶƲʱߡԺԶ֮Ҷȼһ塣
Ҷˡûģ˴ӹײļҶȥǱںϣͻᱻ壬ǧǰǸ߳µҶ𣿡岻һ̾
֪ΪҶȲʵҶǰһǿɣ
ȻǧǰʱҶ¼ϼ֮һͬʱ˵۹ֽǵҶҹ
ǧǰҶһ֮Ҷȳˡ
ȻҶҹһλϣӵΪ½ΪĹ֮һ
½ס
ĽһƯ½Ϊ񣬶Ǵ½ڶ۹֮һÿλ۹ź᰷뷷⣬Ŷ᰷Ҳɣ½ʵţȴ˵ã֮½඼Ź۹һ֮֮ϻ֮гڶӣΪܾͳϸ֮ͻһܵõһ㹦ǳϣҲˣ֮㸸ף֮ͻƵɣ֮Уա
ԭˣⷬҶȴ۽磬˼Ƭ̣Ҷʣ壬ʿΪɶΪĿ꣬˵ȨǮλʿҪΪŻҪ۹淲ѵΪάַ򣿡
Ǻǣʵúãʵصϡƺرã˼Ȼԭʿ棬ҪһаҸ飬Ÿ淲ȻɣмΪأҶҰҲйϵ
ŶҶֲҳڡ
ɣ𣺡ҶԻҲǧǰһ֮£ûĵ۹ҲûԶɣһжֻء
Ҷȷʣ治Ϊ˳ɲô
ԥһ޵Сӣĸ־ᣬʿҪĲƸʵ˯̤ʵ쿪ʼ֮
ҶȴϲȻü壬ҵﱻ飬𣿡
УԴȪȻУŹֻһЩС⡣̰ȥҶϣ
ҶȺʧϣںϣȴû뵽
ƺΡܿҶȱ飬֪ƵģǶ֮𣺡ϣеģһ鵤Ϊ

ŷһоͷҶʵ壬УǸ߸ϵɣӦû
ʱ˿̣ҶȰһϣںϣصĺܡ
ϧ岻ᣬ嵱껹ûӴͱɽ֮ˣֻ֪ųϲʸӴҶҼλУֻͨϡ
ֻųϲʸ񣿡һ̣ҶȺȻ٣˵ú𾪵ĻҪţҪΪϣ塣
񣬵ϲԺУΪ㣬ҲΪҶңҲǳҶң
֮Ҷӿ죬Ѫڣ뵽һ⣺ҪţյӷʽǼƼģѾʧһΣǾٸһᣬֲš
ܼ򵥣Ҫô¶ˣ㣬Ʃ缸ͻƵɣȻ㣬зղСǿ߻ᷢҵĴڣи취ǾɱԽҸŵɱˣȻƹǻòҸʵã뵱꣬רŸ⵵£ŵ

Ҷȸо쬵ģëֱŷڿӣԺӡʶ
ôɣҸδʽŵļ֣Ա׻أȷ£ھҪ㡮Ѫ塯
Ѫ壡Ҷʱӡ
õŹøлţ겻ǰҸߣҲõ湦Ȼ۴󣬵ܻһжֵԷ˵ȷʵҪ̶ʮ꣬ʿʱ䣬þʣƬԡ
壡ܵӲǣҶȲ˸Ѫ
Ѫһаһ㣬һɢѪڶǻѪѪ壬Ѫ֮߾߶Խǿ󣬱Ѫ޲һõԶһ˿ɱȡ
棡Ѫ壡
ƳˮȻǿ湦Ȼ㣬㣬һڶʹ࣬ʹֻ֮˲֪
ϵ뵽ģ뵽Żڻܴ裬Ҷȼͷ壬ģѾ׼ֶϽҲẰֻۣҪУֻҪõܵʲô۶ֵá
ãͿʼɡ
ϾͿʼҶ˵岻˵ʲôöû˵
֪Ϧ£ҶŽأٴθصĹָоӰǰΪϱ㲻й
Ѱү˺ͳƢ
Ȼ·˼
һ֮´ˣɣʲôҶţûκܴҡҶ˿·ܡ
˯ڣҶԶͷԱҶ졢ҶǺӡҶλϣмλҶٿҶԶ߬ȭͷȵӣӡ
ҶҲ̫£׼飬ⲻŵ׼ңҶͫвһĨ⣬Цһ
ҶǺҡҡͷ׼䲻ŶԸҶңԺҶûӡ
Ϸ򵹾ҶǺúܶԣΪҶжʱҶͻȻҶȡ
ҶǳҶʼ磬˵ˡ
λϡ
żӯҶ䣬𾴶ÿʩ
£
δ˿ڣҶԶȡ
ˣ
Ҷʵ£ͷ˿̣ҶȾֻԼڳÿ˺һ
ҶԶĮȻ棬ʮҪΪ£Ҷȣȥ򣬲ɲ뿪Ϊ峤һӴ˿ҶҼң̴Ҷʧ
ТҶȺᳯҶԶͷվĨᣬȻλϣλϷģһһ˵ҶȾ㷸ҲҶҳе
Ҷŭüһ᣺֪ڸģ
ҶǺһЦҩɾȣ
˳Ц£ҶȺ뿪䡣
˲䣬ҶԶ԰Ҳˮ


9 
ҹӭ󺮷磬Ҷ
ҶվҶǰϿǰҶϴţʱʱǰҶȸȴûһҶ
ȻҶ𣺡Сȣ㸸׵
ƢҶĵ
Ӧþ룬׼ң׼ȻŹ㣬Ϊˣٱӻ㣬ڳƳֻ·һΪãɵӡȰ
֨
Ħ˫ȭҶҶ֣Ӱǰ֣Ҷȱһᣬ͵
尲οȥɡ
壬ǳȥ򣬵ٻʱһõΪҶתʧҹ¡
ƳԱԶһС
شԭɽ֮УֲҩݺͿɿʯΪƫԶƧֻ໧˼ңҾܵɧţջʮࡣ
ףĹŲԭɳɳӰҶ̳©ףǧʯΪʯӣԭֻʣĲݣݲ
ΡɽЩɽ廹ϡѩɽ̾ڲãأʱ
һƽ̹ǽϿУһҿջ
ջʯͷɣʮּ򵥣ſһƤƣջ
쿴ˣû·ҵѪ˵ǸҪ˾鷳ˣȥź֪ͨ
ջ¥С˽ţһСĴһߣʣСȻһһһ˶Ųȥ
ſھһĿ׳ͷɢ£ϵѪЩʵģǺˣ´󺺺Ȼ̧ͷֲ෢¶һӢգҶȡ
ʮ·òײ򸽽һ·ҶȾܶĥѣһѾ
͹٣ҪĲ衣СҶȵ裬ȻȴͣҶƺʲô
Ҷó׸С˿ڲ裬ֵСҶȱʣֵܣǷ£
ûûСǼ͹İĺܣ࿴ۣ´Ҳк͹٣áСųһ亹æˡ
ҶҡҡͷƺϼڣȻʲôóӷϣðȥ

߳ջͻȻɱӰҶȼٱתͬʱһĨ⳯Ҷһ´󵶣˸
ˣ
ۿҶʱȻͣסգԭҶöָǵסǿָõһյһڼ״󺺡
һ
Աһλڼ״һӵҶ
Ҷһֻ˲ϳأⲿֱҶʳָһǴˡ
޷ܣΪʵ̫죬̴ֻš
ಣ
ڵ˲䣬ҸһӰͬʱץס⡣
Ҷȣұȴλʮڼ״󺺣Ҷ˲֣ڼ״󺺶ߵ˺󼸲ŵֱµĺڼʿԣοڼʿڻָƽ
ʮڼʿҶΧʵʵǺڼ״Ҷ߳һϴһʵʿк£
ҶȴһȦ֪ҲԣӰóС׸ͷڼס
Ŷڼ״򿪲ϸ󣬻ӻ֣ڼʿպڼǵˣҶҵˡ
ҶĿںڼϣһͷҶ࣬ԳƳǣǿߡ
ڼһ㶣һЦʮ㣺ҶСܣҳɣΪһˣҴ˵㡣
磡Ҷȭ
ãΪֵܽӽӷ磬СЩ⣬ԼˣҲֵۣ㿡ģôҲˡҶˬҶջ£ڼʿȥԱ߾
Ҷһ𣬵СĻţæȥ׼Ʋˡ
ҶҶȵϲ裬ԼҲȻ񿴹һҶȿŪҶȻڣҶЦʱյϢţû뵽ֵܣֵ֮´Ҳ۵һжṇ̀羴ǸӺȻ׼С㣬Ҷж
²ŶǧȥͲ˵ˣֵܳأҲ֪ҪЩʲôָָ㡣Ҷǫ˵
Ҷ§סҶȣЩƨ£ʺǷˣ粻ϲ飬ɫͬ壬ֵֻҪȥɣ˵ֵܲĻǸԵĵط̫ϣ
Ҷͬ᣺Щģ롣
ֵǣλҶֵܣȾơҶվ˽ܡ
мʿΧ˹ƣԱʹҶҲȾƬҲǺȡ
ҶѾ磬ԴγģʱǡһҾ¥ͷҶϴ˸ʰö뿪¥
ʯΪĽ¥̲ľ¥ܼ򵥣ֵɾֻǿãŻҳ
һĸۡ
磬˳븮ţ֡
Ҷ߽ԺĴ˿ԺȥȣҶǡһλŮһλѮ߾ŮӣŤ˵ͣ򳤣ҲܹǼɽûɽˣҼȺֱ߼ֻ
ɽΪɶɽǾסĵطҪǰᣬǷǲᣬܹңߣߣ򳤺ͷһ˸Ů
Ůֲǿ׳ˣϳ
ҡҡͷȻҶȣʵк£
ҶʮֿǰԳƳǣ±·ŵǣ㰲񡣡
Ҷһ˵򳤰ŵЦݣԭԼˣˣдҪ˿ܣȱλãɡ
ȥɽɽϣǰܴӦҶȿ
һ㶣ƺܲ⣬հ֣⺢кõ㲻ȥȻȥȥɣҪʲôиӣɽɲӣȥɡ
лǰҶлת뿪
ԽԽûԣǺݣˣȻ·˵ҶҲûɶλգգԺۣ˦˦ͷ£Ҷ·ˣͼߣתȥ
Զһɽ壬һɽɽ
ƻϮһӰɽ


10 Ѫ
ҹĻµɽһͷھҹգǺ
ɽСһӰԶһСׯ
ׯֻвʮ໧ˣֲɽţʱֵʱÿ˼ȴ̣ó档
ڹµĲҶפ㻷ܣϷųֳ߳ʮȻ£һ̯ѪŲٺë
˳ȥҾȱ
ڴ廧һ
һ໽ӺڰгһӰûܶԶ澹ͷҰǣצˡ
ҰۿҪ׷ˣֻһ֮ңǸƺѾס׼
飡
໣
һӰɱҹ֮Уһơգ۱ͷɨɣغ໲ҽм
𾪿ˣ廹ûüʣѾԾҹ֮ʧֻʣľ׮ԭء
໣
һṦ򣬺ҹʹǲҽֹһ󣬴廧˼ҵ͵ƣʼʮͷʬ塣
ˣղŶ˵ҶȣȻҶҵˣû뵽ҶҲô˵ʵ˵ˡ
ţ˺ãԺǾͲõȺϮӣжڣɽЩӶҪ
ΧһֿۣʼָƤƤǺöҲ¾տϡ
Сɽɽһƾʯ¥ʱð⣬Ѫ֮⡣
ԣҶֻſãһǴ̴̽ŵסֱۣ̳һѪ˷ŷѪ֩롣
һ֮΢΢崫Ѫ壬ÿѪѪ֮Դֲڹ裬磬ϸ֮УСȣһǿܸܵѪñܿѪҲңҲһֱɢѪ̫ʹࡣ
ÿһ£Ҷȱһ£ҧأ꣬ҵȲˣ壬ѪƤһ̣ҸоȫѪҺ
ܺãھȥѪҺٶԽԽ죬ѪҺٶȣʽѪ塣
Ҷ룺壬ǲѪŵԽԽ࣬Խ׿ƣ
ţҪ΢
סҶŹǴ̾Ȼʼ壬ӽŵ򣬶ȲϼӴѪҲ֥Сֻǲ̶СѪ飬ܿͱûƶС
ʮ϶ѪҶȺһ£ͣѪ龹壬ðһһأƵġ
Ҷȫ԰ɫɫѪÿһΣҶһʹ࣬ҧأ˫ȭָⶼѴƤ
Ѫһδ˶ʹǧС
һ졢졭ʮ첻֪
峿Ũɽ
һŮһӡˮʯ¥Ĵ˿Ѷڽ䣬ȻԶݴУʯ¥
Ҳʮ꣬ССһŮ㣬춼ôʦѽ
£Ҫǰһ»ͺƤҶ˵˵ô֪һҲǽУ׼ѱˣҪܰݶΪʦ׾١Ůǹ龫֡
붼ûУҪǶɶͽܣ˵һ£һ궼û⣬¾Ͱн㡣
˵СǻؼңŮܣ˳֣Ȼʧɭ

˸ߣһ˴Ҷȡ
ղͷˣվȥܿǰ·Сɽ塣
ڻ򣬺ڲԭϷǡ
ԴȺᰲڷˣ죬߹ϡ̶һֻسϡ֮ϣɽ壬Ҷȷ·һ¶
ر飬ʲôаɱ¾ǴӦֻοˣܿ㣬֤ӵвۡ
죬ҲֻһС
ĬһҶȳʯ¥ȥ
Ǻһ̳ƣ¨ˮ͸Ҷóƺϼڣôƣ塣
Спڸһ
Ҷֺһڣ˺ȿĨĨ壬⼸ܿѪҺǲǿʽʼѪ壿
ȰѷԱĵѪһ㣬ɢѪܼ򵥣ѪҺȥ硢⡢ϸÿطҲһ򵥵̺ʹࡣ
Ҷ³ĸ֣Ȳ
ڲѪжֲҶȻδʽѾʱϻδȬ˿ڡ
ԱҶѵ·¶ʵֲ塣
鶴֮𣺡ӲҲʹ࣬⡢ϸͽͣչѪҺȥ̼ǣȥͳʵͶԽ󡣡
š
Ҷȵͷ¶ʯ¥룬չɣÿһɾ͸оʱƮʱء
ʱҶڲѪҺƿˮڷڣѪɫϸ봫뼡֮Уʱ䣬ҶʹֻҧѪ⣬ʹһδοҪιȥҧ֡
ǻģѪҺɢѪٶ٣ҶɫȲ԰ףʱʱϷһ£ʱε
ҶȿҪֲסʱ˵ˣСȣסʵʹʱϵģ̹ȥͻָᷢеôʹ࣬ᵽеʹ̣֪Ϊʿ
֨֨
һҶͫ׷Ŵ󣬽ҧأ̫ʱĥ
һӡͷֱ̫¡
ʱҶȣȫѪ첼Ѫ˿űСȡȡšֱֱۡײһ;ӴִϾһѪҲѪ˿һѪ֮˫ͫ
ҶƤѾҧƣѪָΪ̫ʹûſ죬ΪľѪҺ͡
ƻʯ¥һɫ¥ӻֶҹĻ٣
˿˿ðʯ¥Ҷ۵ڿŹӣųһѸѾ󲿷ָֻƤвѪ˿
ܺãʹ࣬弹Ҫպó߶ȣǧʹѣϣܷʱ䡣
壬ֻͻƻѪѪ޲ѷ죬ĿǰٶȣòͻƵڶ㣿
һ£ʮ죬ǧżѪ޲ҪģƿѪٴɵٻ

Ҷ˿һֿ֮ޣٴ֮·


11 һ
֧ļӲִ
ҪѪҺȥ͹һֻһͷ󡭡ζ
ʯڡ
˵غأǲǶʯһСľͿܷǡ
֨֨
ͷѡĥ֮ʯڻصš
һʯϣҶϥһƤֲѪ˿ִѪѪʱʱСɷǹ졣
ÿ仯һΣҶȾʹ֣˵һδμ̣һδγ
峿ҹֱһ죬һ죬Ҷһֱû뿪ʯڡ
ɽµĴׯ¡
ڴڣȻˣͷң·ӯֳһӡ
ĿǴˣģ޷УȻҷͷ¡ͷóŻָˣ˷ֱӲͬ򳯴ׯ
㣬ۼĸм⡣
ҪǱϵ֪ſƤɣˣغãɽ
ͷ·ڣŮű¨·ڻϣ˹һС
Ȼһλ˳ǰŵ˲УǺóʵ
һڶҺñŮֹƺףҡҡͷû
˺ޱ飬𻭾תȻͣסӣꡢŮ뿪ǺȻ֣һӳ
ͣ
ꡢŮɽ£ѪؿڻȾ˵棬һ̣˫סͱ¨

аӣλ˴ӲͬƮÿ϶ճѪһ˵иϵôˣȷʵڴˣûӰ١
ȡ
ͷߵͷɢָֻƽһ㾲
ɽʯڡ
ৣ
һҶղɢƺ룬ҶðѪ⣬һΣǣΧҶ
ɢ
֮ԴûûҲԴȪ
Сӣһʱ޵һɣܳɹѪͨ޺ôϣһһǿӲƮ֮
ҶֹͣɣҶʱأҶȲѪһϲǵڶ㻯Ѫڿ޲ѷ졣
ѪѪȫںϣѪʹѪҺôҲ֮ǿ޲Ҳܼ򵥣ǸϸѪסѷ죬Ѫ뵤ںϣԶϡ
ãھͿʼ
ˮʱҲҶ̿ʼ
ѪٴȼѾɹϸںϣʱʹ࣬쳣һ̣Ҷȸоޱ֮
ںϣ֮Ȼ񱶼ӡ
ѪһѪѪʼסѷ죬Ѫŵ˿ӿ룬֮𽥿ʼͣɢѪɫ⡣
ɫ£Ҷͣúʯ¥ȥ
ƻµɽĿ£Ĳ
ŨҵѪ
ҶվʯϣĿ·Сɽ壬ɻɽȺ󲿷ֱɱʣµĶߣΪλŨѪ
Ѫ֮ҶȶѪرС
Сȣŵһɱ⣬·ɽ壬ҪСĵ㣬Ҳǳġ
ģҶ˸⣬¶һĨģţٶȿ죬ҵˣ⣬񣿡
ƺ뵽ʲôҶ˲·¡
һӰڹͷӣѪʬζĪӶ
Ҷ̷ɳﳯǰȻĿʮԶ·룬ʬ塣

գ۹ҶȾʬԣ˲䣬ŭȼգžҶȵǸҶͷ˵ǶŮ
öʹ࣬ûκۼؿһֻۣĴָһȻŸҶ׼õʳ
Ϊʲô˭˲̣ʱҶ䣬ɱ˫۱
ͻȻڶ𣺡ˣһˣأֻ߶ѡ
ݣ
˳ֽɱҹҶΧ룬ͷϸҶһۣмЦҶҴӣҶȣ߸ϵţû뵽ջǵϡ
Ҷľʵ˭ģ
ͷҡҡͷóһɫ㲻֪˵ظȻ˸㡣
˵ҲܲµӦ׼ҰɣҶֱ˵
޿ɷ棬֣ͷһ£һλɱ˲ӱۣйۣҶš
׶һǳɣɱһ

׼׼Ҷţû㣬ˣһҲ㲻һʵǿ졣
ϧһûд̽ţײŷиӲ
ֺɱֲ˼ҶȣΪֱ۾ľҪղסȣ˭֪һѪֱָüġ
ͣѪ̴ɱԴһѪɫǣɱӦʣλɱ־һͷ𺳴ҶȣŷҶһħָֻһָѪɱһλǿߡ
ͷɫһʵҶȣ㲻޷ô
Ҷһɱ֣ޱ飺޷УҸղõѣӦܿǶµɣ
ܣܽסҲܣ㻹ûʹھܣͷ߲š

һһȭһƣˣ
ƴˣͷͻȻֲĪ⣬ֱҶȱġ
ͬͷɱһȻûд̴Ҷȼ⣬ǿе棬ҶѾһָɱ
ͷ߼æýǰѪָϱԾ޴Ƴ޷
һָȻͣ£һƻ¸飬ǿ̣һְֻšʣѻ٣˵ɣҸȫʬ
ɱѾһϢƺ׶ԷŨŨɱ⣺˺ϣ˵㻰ؼʿүҶҳϺΪľ׽㣬ȻȥҶԶҶҴȨ
ҶԶһ𣬴󾪣ʣҶλϣҶǺӻҶף
֪·һȻҶףѹ鸽ؼңӦ϶ҶҴȨ֪˭ͨɱԸģؼңȻһһҶṩģȻôǡôסᣡ
ûͬҶ׼֡
Ҷ׹ܼҵˣ߻ؼɱ֣
ž
˸˵꣬һƺϣһغ
һ󺮷ϮҶȿľ壬ɫ䣺壬ҵøϻҶңҵ
ȥҪȥ㵤ﻹδ޳ɣĿǰʵǿֻ·һǵȵ޲ٻȥһ̡
УʱҶղϢ׶Ե֣벻ҶҾȻڱ䡭Ҷѹҹգ뺮˵ϼ䣬ټУ̰Сʬڲݷһѻոɸɾ
ҹ£Ҷȥ


12 
һӰǽϣԽԾ
һҿջԺһҶأƷС¥
նصţҶǱһͷֺܿմŰ߰ѪǱһ䷿䣬ȴѺһ뿪˿ջ
үūūҲȲѣҪǲһС֮ء
ԭУһµӰһվߴӰ
ҶūϤСʱ˭뵽˱գҶľʣߺҶҵ׷Щ£
ūæصعӣ㵱ߺ峤ʹ죬ǼУ׼Ҽ˵Ҫ빫ȥ׼˻֮£ʵ峤Ҫӣдվ峤һߣ׼Ҽνֲ׼ҵڨڨȥ
׼ҡҶ쳣ߡ
ֹãϣв峤ѡѡΪҶҼŶϵģ֪ϺؼѾϣԾͲֶ֧Ϻϣ෴һֱ峤ҶѾֳɣһǶϡΪ׵ɣһǴϺ峤ĶɣֵýӲѾʼҶҲҵմҶңΪ˵õҶȫȨϾūؼɱ

ūû˵һغؿڱһ𴩡
øҶסҶǺӣøؼҡҶ泯ƳǷԺȫҶԶӰʱ޲óɻȥ
ТˣȨҶȣȥҰˡĺȵ
壬㲻ǲѹңڻȥҶסҶǳɰǿߣٶءʵǽ֣֪ء

һ׹ͻȻɳҶüģҶһǰƮһСİɫӡ
͸ְƲʺԺ͸ʥصİ׹⣬΢΢תͷһҶȿҪϢİ
ׯŴǺ飬ǺɣȫͻƵɲŴ㣬ˣҴʱҲҪʱ޲֮£һúȥӵ˶ĽԵ
飿
ֻҪ޵ɣ飬к֣ܶǽҲǵǧ򻯣ǣȵȡ
壬⡭Ҫһʱ䣬Ҷ
ôԺΪ׼ô꣬ڵȵĳ֡Ϊ㣬ҲΪҶңܲ򵥣ǺӡһӴֻҪڻǹҶҽ½һ壬½Զ
ǹҶһʱ뵽ʲô壬ĪǸǸйأ
ǹ˶õãһλǿߵߣҶѪɺӣѾڳвӡں֮Уֻܷӡѹǹ
ŵ
λǿҲҵֵܣǰְǹңϣȻҶ׳ϣҶվ½۷壬ϣҶܳһλɣϧ̫Ҳ̫СǹʱɣɥûҲ࣬󲻵ѳһֻ֮һͷѾȫӡ֮УҶȣҲԵҲҵġҶҵԵһжϡ֣¶
գҶȻڣѹ;ϲԺתҶȺʵǹʲô
ӵΪٸ㣬ʱʸ֪ڵ㣬СҲ죬ɳ죬Ի㡣
ţ
ҶȲʣǿ飬˶٣ūʬˣֻɽС
ɽʯ¥ðһعΡ
Ҷϥ˸׹⣬һ
˿̣ҶȵǿڵģﱻѪѪѷ컹ڲʳѪ
ͬʱɫĳڵգ͸Ҷλ
ʱҶȸоһԶź嫵ϢʥӴأǳ£һ
ǹѪҺ⡢ϸһһ໥ںϣһʱҶ建ںϡ
ںϣоˮʳｻ䣬ضȻһԶϢҶð
磬Ҷ棬ǵѪǵϣϳˣǿôüĴصһŰ׹һƮС̾
ҶȻ
ȫȫձ󺣡ǳ嫣ʹһǰ㣬¡
￪ʼֻѪ޲ٶȺǵ
ҶȾʱԶƳһϢؼ׼ս֮Ůºжʽ¡
ҶҲյһ
䣡
´һŴҶԶһȭ÷飬ȻΪϣһӿڣȻǿ
ҶԶϣͷȫˣʮˣǰǸ绪ïҶԶȻ
Ҷһ࣬Ա߻λ꣬λʮͷһϢȴҶԶ˵峤ǧ
ҶԶ꣬Ҷ壬ôŻˣ
ûҶ쿪ڣ굹˵ΪҶһӣҶȻҪܳһͳһ
˵ĺܣͱȰǰǸˡҶ˵
ҶΪ౻ѡеĵ֮һǴҶӣҶȣʮǰţѾвΪ
ϴȶ׼ң׼ҹɢҪ֤׼ҶңҪѹҶңµʱؼҶǾͻǶ֣Ҷס˵ҶԶȻ̧֣Ժ˯Ҷһ⣬ʱҶֻǻҶףҶԶִܹҲƫ
ҶԶǺںԺɳһ仰ȶ
Ĭ죬ҶͻȻҶԶҪȥһܣ
ҶԶ˼һҡҡͷһǣ˼ң壬ٵȵȣʵڼֲס
ҶҶʱúڼ֪𣿡
ǣүүҶվ
ҶԶգһֱûٿڡ


13 ؾ
Ʈưô꣬ɽɳʯȥҪһС
ʯҲɽΧʯźˮƶһʯϣҶһ档
˿̣ҶҪʱ
ɹ¡
ʧܣҲ䲻
ѷѪͰɫʲɵԽ׳ѷԲ˼ٶϡ
ưô˲תΪ꣬շɽɽ廬£ǿһǧľ¶һƬء
ʯڳһƬµĺˮˮ໥ײγɶУһʱʯڳһ޴С
ģֻ¶ҶһԴ
ۿҶȾҪɽɣۣŰƺҲ֪ԼΣպ֮С
ˮƺҲڸҶʱ䣬ʯںˮþûǡ
䣡
ͻȻʯڱ̶ˮһˮ𣬶ˮ·룬ҶֱֱվͦʯϣΧкˮɢǿɢʯڱˮ裬ǻ
ʱʯŰĺˮУҶȷŷһǧﲻܵѹΧˮ޷
֮ŷܾأأؾ硣ǿͨޱߣʱҶȾּܻһС
߷ŵϢɶھΪؾأԽۺʵԽǿ
⣬˵Ҷ쳣ۺ񣬸֤һ㣬ǾҶȵﴢ˴޲ɡ
ӴˣҶȲ谭̤һʿš
ﲻ޸Ҳͻؾؾ磬һжҶվʯϣǹˮ
ն𣺡ǰػֹڷ壬ֻͻϢһʿȡͻذɣУڿһЩͨ
Ҷȵ壬̫๦ϧûķõҲƣһٻ⡣
ķһɵĸÿӳɹķᱻǿĨȥҶҰԭ֮һǿߴҲģӵΪֱΪ
ɡ
ҶȳĬˣʮض˼һᣬҶʵ壬ʣÿ޳ɣ
˵һǧϣҪǧ꣬Ҳֻ࣬ü޳ɣ˰˰꣬Ӧòð˰꣬Ҳ꣬ҲһǧҲпܣ
˫ȭգڲʹģҶʹ飺ǧ꣡ǿꡭ
治УݼأλǿߣʮͻƵɣͻɣǧͻɾ磬ĺ̵һλǿߣͷˣԣ㻹лģСȣڻѪڣ޳ɲѪ֮ٶȻȳ˿࣬Ҳпܡ
壬Ҳʧ
ѵǧ֮޸ãȹ̣²ͻɣͻƵҲͼʮʱ䣬һ꣬ʮꡣ
΢ỺҶҶʵڵѳɣɴҾǱسƳǣ£壬˵أ
ʱ䲻죬Σл۵ģĿǰأؽֻ֣ҪǿҴûΣգ㿴Źʺ㡣
ĿǰҶѧһơƺͰȭȭмûɣҾȭɡ
ȭȷʵ˲ãͨʩչ԰ٲɱˣףǿǷͨͻƾزʩչȭ
꺮һܣҶȸȭŹһֱ峤һ޷£ɹȻˡ
һƣһȭ֮ʱʩչ˾޵а
ȭ·ҪԪƣȭһڡ
ҶǱɭ֮ȭ
٣
һ£Ҷƹȭ棬ƻֱڣ޵֮Ұ޿񱩣ȭͷһ³»ӳ

ҶȺоֱ΢΢ЩľȭƬұڣѾһ׳ѷ죬ҶȭɫԪвȭͷղǵԪһȭж

䣡
ʯӱɣֱһ׵ʯڱҳһӣҶȺƽɫȻٴȭͷȻŰɫУұ۱ΪѪ죬ֱðִѪ
Ѫ壬ֻ
ڲѪ岿ֻµʱҶҰѪ죬էȥǹ졣
һѪֱȭұڡ
¡
Ȼ¶ʯЩҶȣҶȸо涼ڲ󷽣£澹Ȼһȭͷѷ졣
һȭȥʯھȻѣһȭҶȿ϶ܰ¸
ǲѪһ
ſҪѵұڣٿɫȭҶȲ̾˼飬ǵͱȳԪִϲѪ߽ʮ
嶣޳ɲѪ壬ɹǣʱҲʱһ㲻ҪʹòѪ壬һʹãʱߣΣǶģĹ죬ҲʮܰĴ
ҶĴʱ;Щģã㲻ʩչѪ壬ƾͿǿߡ
һȭѪұô򵥣ĵ
صʯ¥ҶʰһУǽʣЩԺȻӿǶŮģ֪ģһʹ
ǺֻأѹĵףȻɽʱħʿֽǶȥⱲӻᣬֻأһҲͶڴ˼ңʳˡ
һô
Ҳ֪ʿĿģӵǸıһе
ıһУ
ǳ񷣬ԽֻأʿĿģ
ҶȸʹĵףѪڡ
պңҶȴʧ


14 ײ
Ƴɳӣˮڣⶼ¡
ʢģⰻȻϯſķ硣
һжû䣬ѲǰǸϹڵСϤ
ιϣһ°Ӱӭ˸̾ǴҶȡ
ϤҶζӺƬϤɳ̲ƺǰڿ򹦣Ϊżңɼ붼һһʵ֣ȥ֣һʱ겻ѡ
Ͼ֤䡢ʧʱ
һܾȣʱ¶棬˽Ҷҽ˵ںХ³˼ãҶתƳȥ
ɳɳǳƳܱ߼֮һ˿̷ơ
磬һ
ϸһ˵ڳƳҶȫؼ£
ҾͲǰʱ䷢׮ҰҶҼջ̱ѪϴѧͽСûŹ
ţұλСֵܣ˰ɣиԶؼҵǴе仰ֱҶƽնԴҶԲҾΪҶұƽ
զ£
ǿɱ˵ѪǶҶԼΪҶҶңͰͨؼҡ
Ժؼҵƣ֪Ƕ٣ӵͷ
ǽŲƷŲСԣΧ˽Ҷһӡ
գҶɱݺᣬóӽˣ϶յʧ˺֮С
û뵽ҶôգҶ֣ؼǱΪ顣
Ҷŭڣڴϣ·˶ܵϢŵֱƵҶȹ˼Ȧ˼̽ƳǶ
ҹ£죬ǽȥҵס
һСҩͷǰһСſˣѾһ߱ʬ壬δŴ󵶼˲ϣһҾſڲҶ
һڨڨžſڴЦΧûһΧۣǶˣɳҵˣҿǱҶȥĴҡ
һֱҶҲڽ£ҶҴңҳûռҶҵ̣ռͷǿҲɱ顣
ˣһЩͨҩݣֻмö
һ˶žľһȺ˴ҡ̣߳ǰӹ
ɫһĳδһ
һҾſڵ߼̿ͷŹһҰɣǲҶֻһԶ׸ҶйϵѣѾɱ
Ǿ๼֣Цȵ
䣡
һҾſھʱۿ꣬ͻȻһͷҵӰƾͳԴȥûӦԴͱĳ࣬ء
㡭ǼδһͻĶˣ俴ò飬ǹǲ
˵³һ֣
ߣţֱߣ̧Ǿͷʬ뿪
ڵһҾſڶʱԶ˿ͷлл֮һҾſڽɥȪ֪մһΪã
˰հ֣ʮƽǵãֻҶһӣǿʰ뿪Ƕڴ˺ţ춯֡
ԭˣҿҵл֮Ͻʰ
һ£΢΢̧ͷҶȣûǿߣҲмλǿߣãվ͸Ƴڼ֪ҶҲ˶ַġ
ʱտӰ󲿷ֶҳɱʱ׷ʱ̡
죬ΧסŹһˡ
գ۹ʮӿ֣Ŵ󵶰ѵΧʵʵͬʱɱⱼڵĴøϵ
ҶһɨͷмΪߣأ˶أ
СȣҪ죬ǿߣܲȻ
ҶȵͷǰѰѶסһ˴ʮ꣬ͷȴܽ׳һָĮȻҶȣСӣҵˣ
ֻ֪ҶҾӣҲģɣҵסҶ۾һڣͻȻ󺺡
أ󺺻ӳ˫ۣڽ棬ֱۼ͹ʯһ㣬ըһƳҶĳ
ҶȾȻûκʽüײȥ˾һͷҰޣǸǿ־塣
꣡
䣡
һֻϱգһɢ춼ǣ˲仯Ϊһ飬Ҷȴ˿

˵һǸеĳϣȻײײ˸Ǹоǲս
飡
һײλش󺺻Ϊʬ߶ʱȾӣǣҶôŹǡ
ͣһѪȾգһ˲˵һ߾߱ʬ壬ûκʹֻ࣬գգ۾Զ۾
Ҷȶ´󵶣ͷǰǿôһ˴ȵ첻ӣҸ׷·һ
һ˴ˣҶĮȻɨһʬ壬ûֻڱʧڴϡ
ûУǴǿߣǿ߸ײǿ塣
ձҶӣֿԣҲһưոݡ
ϧûǿģ
ɳҳӣ֣֪ͼղǲ˼һĻǼɱ˷ȴûײɱһС
˵ҶҪҶҴ֣ĪǿҶǷ
ҿΪҲأɱƾѡ
أأֶ֣һǿ߸ײ
̥
̥еǿߣ
ҵû̸壬Ҷҳô̥ײǿߣʵӵؾ磿
Ҳøϻȥ֪ͨˣʱðͷҶҪ˭ͷ˭ù
̽Ӵæɢãһϵһ߾ʬ壬ñףɢ׷ɱҶȡ
ʱ䣬Ҷһʿǿ߻ײϢʱɳС崫ǿռҶҲƲļ׷֣ͣɵеµҶǿߡ
һңвɶҡĸ


15 ǱԼ
ʲôҶ֣
ƳǣҶ׷ҶԶҶҶ·λмλҶҸ֡
·һλʮ󺺹ֵǧȷɳ̽ϧλһңò
ڳƳ˭֪Ҷиˣذҳϻײ˵˭һ˽ŵ
ʱҶԶҶͳͳҶ
Ҷһܲڣҡͷͣ˿ɲңȻǸҲȥðա
ĴѰҡҶ쿴·ˣ뿪ֻʣҶҶԶˡ
һƬྲż첽ҶԶ˼ԣȻ̧ͷҶ죺壬λû𣿡
ҶͷҲȫǲ԰ףΧֶ˼ţӦû·ϣһǾ̰ҶסҶǺ߹ؼҲ׸λжԡ
ؼ죬׼Ҳɵ֣͵ڰ·λȻλʮ۷ʵؼʿǿҲǶ֡
ʿͬʦ֣ؼʿҶҲҶˣؼӦòʿ֣浽һǾͱ뿪
ϣλЩ
ҶԶҶǳɫ쳣ѹ֡
ƳǣǱ֡
ҼӼͣǰЩݴߡ
һ¥ǰһʮڴ˰һľ䣬¥Ѿա

һòĺͻȻŵγ䱦תɻźˣоϤȴһ벻
ֻºۣҶȡ
١Ҷȴʱ𾪺һ֣㱻Ҷס죬һ⣬Ҷȳȥ
˽䣬һҶȣүӦʲôʱģģ
͵͵Ǳģҵ㲻֪жΣգϣܰæ
˵æԡ
ġ
ϸ˵һҶȱ밢䱳
գ۹򣬾Ȼһģһġӱ߳ǰǸԺ߶ȻϼҰɣû֪ͨǧһһ֪ͨġ
үأҶǼۣ˵һ䣬̷ǽʧ
Զ֮𣺡СȣӦɱס졣
Ŀڸǽϣ壬ҵͯСһϣֵܡϣǸĵİˣ壬š׹ǹ᲻ᱻ˷֣
׹ǹɼеͨ˲Ѫ壬ҲʹŹƽ׹ǹױַ㲻ͬΪ桢ڲбѪͨҲ޷
Ҷһ̿ʼװ
ҶСǹ¶Ҷ룬СҶȳʵҶףҶգһҶȴСϰ书ҶѵõߣҶȼΪŵˡ
еȣƽòŨüСۣ˸о׺͡
ҶװɰûֶܷߣϣҶȺġ
ŪһУ֪ʲôʱڳӣһظ
Ҷ
жųʮλˣʼѻԺҶһλʮҵĻڶˣ˺Ȼ䣺ֵܣ𣿡
Ҷüһ룬ƺ˽⣬ܣĵܹܺλҲͬĻҾͬ⡣
ٺ٣ֵϵģǵ˻ᰵ˵ܹܣֻҪӦ¾ͲؽҪֵܣôٺ٣ڨڨЦҶȼתȥ
ɢҲ췴˽ҩݣãǱQ˶ãߣҶȶԻ˱ӰЦһҰһнȻˣ¶ݡ
ˣǣߡ
Ҷ֮һڴܹܣƽʱûҪְ𣬴󲿷ʱ䶼ܿУʱһֱȽæµҪˣҶҽҵ̼Ҳһ顣
ҶϤҶͥԺ䣬һһĻӿԺָ̾ڱ䣬ԶҲ޷ٻص
ԷҶҼԺ䣬һӰڸǽУԺһУȻһֻŮ澷ҶԶԺС
ҶԶһͷ׷ķƮ϶ƣǰʮ겻ֹһѹͫͷš
ˣģһҶҰ䡣˲䣬ҶƺҶԶǿնۿʱ
Ҷ뿪ԷصרΪ׼Է
䣬ţҶ̿ʼѪ塣
ҶҷưӿΨʵһǬ
ҶʱʱΪ죬Ѫڹ⡢ϸߣȻγһ޴ѪһѪɫС
ʱҶֿҪըУһãȻ
ã̫ãСȣѾѪѪͿѪ壬ѪѪԤס
ˬЦҶг֡
Ѫ
ͷϸ룬ӿֹڲѪϢʱϲѡ
ѪѪѪѪȫںʱһѪһתУǱѪ
ѪУγѪ塣
ѪҶĵѪγɣȱʱҾͻƻѪﵽѪ徳磬Ժҵʮǿġ
СȣϿͻϢѱǹںɵԪǲɻ
ءû뵽дﵽص죬ѵֻأҶԺӿʮͻʱĳʱЦƳǣʶ۷壬˭ƥзâ
һжλãһجΡ
جҶȴ㿪ʼ򹦿ʼУһǿÿλȻʽѧֱ壬Ѫ壬գʿԵֽ̤ء
һһ׶ΣƽȣϢ͵ڿµĽ׶ΣϢſͨ顣
Ȼ䣬΢΢һ£Ҷֻоһ㱼䣬ƺʲôִ
ôȻܲϢղŷʲôҶɻ֮ʱ循֮
ҶǴ㵣ϸãҡҡͷ壬Ҳֻ֪ǺȻЩдͻȻΣֲεʲô֮֡
建˿û˶ŷٴγ˯صĿռ䡣
ղţиӰȴ֣ܸоǿеϵǺƶɣΪ嶼޷˵
ԣҶ˵һжԡ
ҶȿʼѪѪϹ̣ʼںϣͬʱǹھڻΪһڲͬھ


16 
Ϊ񱼲ҹҶȳʣʱ䶼ڰпҶһһ˶ҶԶ
գۣ¹ȥҲؼһĨ
峿ҶԷô
ۼҶ£ϷһλѮߣҶҴܹܣһһм˳Ҷܼҡ
ҶܼƹҶʮ꣬ҶԶ峤ҪЩҶֽΪū֮һҶҵλĸߣҶԶҲ𾴡
˲鱾˱һ겻һ꣬Ŀܺϣ֮ҳҶܼƷŲ裬ʱˡ
һλµܹܣȣĿڶδ֮ǰʵĿ⼸̶ܶλ϶ߣĿȻ塣
Ҳǣ˱ģʵƥԣһλ½ŵ
ɣߣܹͻȻ˺ȵǶҶˣǻ⣬ϷǸмЩ߹ͽˣĿĿòʵҿɲýȥɡ
ϣλɫ䣬ҶȨľǴҶ죬ɾأ߸ϡ
뿪ãҶ뿪뱻קһͬȣ˾ۼȣҹҶ̸λµϴ´ѣҾͲǾͲ˽ɲҪǱ֪л·
κֵܣ㵽ɶ˼а취Ƕģһλ¾ŵĶԻ˵
ĿңһĿұӣֻҪõҶʣҲǾͿɸӣµΪֹǺú룬Ҷҳ䣬壬ʱ³ֻ·һΪԼı·
ҵ룬ǣһһ뿪
Ҷͣ½ŲΧûˣתҶκԣκ磬㱳λܱסҵȣ
ҶκһЦȻϵܣܹһ㣬˼û˱࣬ͨˣ
˭Ҽ㱳λ
ҵӣ
ʲôʱԣҾʲôʱ򽻳˱ǣκ磡ҶҶκЦЦתȥ
øҶû뵽ѲҶκüҡȥ
ҹҹոһºХŷӤޡ
ˣ
ҹʮ֣ҶͻȻ
ţ
ҶؾأͻȻȼ͵ƣǽȡ´䵶˴ҶĪҶ״ˣ
ҵ߳䣬ֻԺнŸֱӿȥҶȻ֮ȥ
Ҷ⣬ٶ˰ҶΧˮйͨ
֨
ҶŴ򿪣Ҷ졢ҶԶʮλҶǿӿţԷ
ҶӶԷʮλƲĴ󺺣ĿһλɽϣЦƶˣҹΪ£
ƶˣ峤ĪΪɳ¶УҶվкۣ˼
ƶ쳣׳˶һɲɱ̫ʢҶ죬ҶҵɳɱҳʮҶѪ˵ġ
ҶһЦҡҶ˲Ѫˣһ˲䣬һηηβҶȵϷ׼ңû뵽úãɳ̵ҶҲｻ򡭡ڳƳԶʧ
ԵİԵ
Ҷ˿ҷʱȻ˶ڡ
ǴϣҶĴҶңССҾȻҲ̫ͷ϶
Ҷ˰ԵȻаգҵϸҶ˵һûŵӣûɰǿߣ峤ƶҲأҶ˾ǿߣȻССҷ
øҶ죬û뵽뵱һôţ浱Һ۸ôʱƶͻȻÿһһ߰
ҶһͻȻ䣬ŶԷߣ㡢㲻ʮǰڶϽɽôΪΡ
ԭ˾ǵңڶϽɽȷʵҲһ˳һͻɾأôҶ죬㲻ˣ룬ҶĮȻ

Ҷ˶ˣʲôˣʮǰƳǵǿߣʱǿߣʱҲǺպմ壬û뵽ͻȻһĳ޵ɾؾΪ
ɱҵˣҷҶ죬ɣ˿̾ͰҶԹˡҶս顣
ҶԶɫһϧҶʱˣҪڣҲƱδȬ
ԶȻ۱䣬ҶԶкޣҶ֮ʣȻ岻֡
ҶҶ˺мճλ߽һ֮Ҷ컺㲻Ҷ֣Ҳһҽ¡
һЦǲһ

Ӱԭһһ׵֮Ҷ屬֮ҹһʱ䣬˶оԴ¡һƬ
һƬգһ޴ӰȻðͻʳ׵Ӱѹ

һײ֮˲ɢͷ籩˺󼸲ѪȻε֪¡
øȻ޵˰ԵѧãҶѧ֮һƣڤƣ
Ҷڵ棬ðĵ⣬̳˫ּ޴ӡɢڤĸ
Χס䣬ʵǵħУʱҶչֳͨѾȷܿġ
ϹҲϷ¾ѧɢƣһۻңؼģȻһ䳤Լһߵĺ˽
ȻսʮΪʩչͨɾأǲ˼飡ҶԶһĻ̵
䣡
һΧ˱õ¡
֮ͨǿߣ
Ҷ˵һƬֻм˻վţоҶȣԺҶ졢޷͵֮ͨ


17 չʵ

յأҶ졢۵Ҷ죬Ͼһ㱡ǹ죬ҺԽ˳
ȥЩѣɭɭҶ죬ƾӥʳһ㣺ϹԭоˣãңҶ֮գϹҵĺܰɣڲ޷Ͽҵĺɡ
ɾΪѧʮͨǸëͷСҲðͷˣϷҲǺ۸ģΪҶڳƳ۰һ𣿡ҶͻȻһ䣬һɰ
СȣҶѿͻʮأһһ֮ͨӦòҶҹ
壬Ǵϻôһ˵ҶȻû˶ɣ෴ӵġ
õһŵսţҲϵۺѴھ۷壬Ҷ첻оͻ¡
С
Ҷ١
Ŷ
ҶͻȻŷ޾һ£ɫָֻ˫ָգһսһᣬս߳Ǹղŵһֹ
ױ⣡

Ҷ׷ֱһɰ壬˫
һץסǳҶȥ
ৣ
䣡
ҹձ÷·ҪռҪ˺ƵģһȦ籩ըһ³˷ɢ
סˣ
Ҷҡǿ߷ɳǰóͷڰգҲסǷ籩ѹǺʮǿͣ£ļ£ҡ
ɶҶ죬վڣվڷ籩֮Уͷɢ·˲״ؤϵǽа˺ۡ
Ҷ죬Ѿãһ΢⡣
ˣ
վҶҸֺҶԶƶʱ޲óȥ
ҶҲ׼ֳʤڳһ˲䣬һӰͻȻҹɱΪһƳ¡
ƺû뵽˰·ɱæȭ

ҹպ¡ŵŵţǿվӣʱѪɫ΢΢ƺʱᵹ¡
үү
أֱҶ죬һ²סҶ졣
ҶסϢϲˣ޵ãʱץò
ŵӣҶ𣡡ƶ˻ΧҶɱ籼ڽˮɷˡ
ҶסҶ죬ʱұ۾һζȫʱ֣ؾǾأԵ
ͨ飿żӰˣɣʱȻǿӲ߳һŷÿ̡
żʮˣһ⡣
ҶһƿҶ𣬲峤룬죡
ƶͻȻʮǿ߻֣ʱ׼ҶңЦҶ죬ҶԶһ˶ѣ
Ҷ峤ģ
ͻȻһͳҶⷽ
ţ
һʱ䣬Ҷǿߡǿ߶ѰҸղǵǣֻһȺˣûһӵиղۺ֮
ɱҶ죡
ƶ˿׼ʱҶ죬һ¡
ݣ
ʮ߷ɼ籩Ҷ졢Ҷ𣬴ʱ˶£Ӧ֮ҹˣƽʱԶԿ
ٿٿ
Ǻɼڰշʱһ䵶ҶйɢأڵϣҶֳ䵶ĮȻҵˡ
Ҷ
ҶǱߴһ󾪺
Ҷ㡭ҶԶĿһû뵽˻ٶ֮죬磬һλǿߡ
ôǰƽʱˣЩׯҰʽɶְ
һǴ
һ㵴һսҶȣʶУҶСڹϰ䣬ҲֻһǸ߸ϵʿ֡
֮࣬ҶȿҶ죺ϣЩŵǺβ֣ûҸˡ
С
ⷽƶԣһλͻȻһȭҶɱ
أ
Ҷɿ䵶䵶ֱ棬ۿԷǿգ۾͵ҶȾȻüײȥ
ǸɳɱϵҶǿߣ
ⷽһͻȻʲôһʱ
ƶɫ䣺糤ϣСġˣ
䣡
УҹɢţһɫҰ޵ΰӰмý߷ɵǿԴϲһȺѪҺ
ǿ
ǿף
׷ϢǿߣȻһĻҶԶ޻˵û뵽ҶҰ·ɱ
ãСӣϷһսʣľͽˣ
Ҷ첻ɻ󣬼ƽΨΨŵŵ˾ɲҶλ߸ϵҲò¼ӡ
һСӣһѣƶˣ׼ʱŹҶһˣնҪҶҼȮ
׾ɱ
Ҷٴα˫֮һԴСԱ֮ٳ񱩳
ƴˣãϷĺ֮°ɣ£һƻץסһսӭȥ
κη棬Ҷ֮ϣãͨĻԶԶҶᲢ۵ġ
䣡
ˣ
ڿоײҶȵ棬һϢ

ҶȻɫӰֻڵ߲߲̤ڣǣգ۾һȭײ
СӣǿҶȽһغϣغ󣬾Ͳ֪ΪΣĵ׶ҶйĪ塣
߲ȭõҶҵ߲ȭ
û뵽߲ȭ˵ãۣ
𣿡
Ҷ˼Ҷ֣һ¶ûУжʱޱ𺳣ǶղҶõֶΣҶ߲ȭ


18 ͻ
Ѱ߲ȭɾǿ߽֣߲ȭһʱΪҶ޵й
Ҳ֪߲ȭ򹦳ΪҶӵܴС޵ĻȻǺ󻰡
ߣȿɱѪϴҶң
ƶ˽°ͨ䣬˲
ʮλߣó󣬶׼Ҷң׼䡣
ҶԶӻ֣ң㵱һֱû׼ô󣬶ҶҲСӡ

ʮڼ׳౼Уÿ˱һͲСɫԲͲһʱҿ롣
֧ڼߣҶҵĺӪ
Ӫ߶ǴӺѡպգʰμ⣬ҶҳΪƳһֶ֮һ
ӣҶҾɱ䣬ҶҲܵǣɣƶ˼ǺɫԲͲɫࡣ
ӣһŰһŷԷöδСĨо綾޽ҩ߱ɣһ˼ɵ
ʱŪĶӣǿǶŰ
ҶһᣬɵİѪ˲仯Ѫ֮С
ҶԶǿɨҰˣԶ˵ܾҲνҩϣнⶾ
ɶҶԶɱҶҴ󲿷һһնɱɡƶһʱɣ֮ջ
ɣɫ𲽺תƶˣ˰СɱֻҪסһʱᣬϷָܻ֣ʱҶһ
ȥС¡ƶ˶һѮ
ԪأСӣСһ㣬˲öԸ޵ھӦģ
ҶڵϣڻָƶԳֵߣһҶȶ
СȣھԪʿץᣬֻɱָʵΣաƽҶԺ˵
ţ
ҶȵͷԳҶֱأһս
ƣ
һȣ徹ڹǰһɫ˫˸
߲ȭ
̤ȭҶ˫ȭΧŵɫھھھں϶ɡ

һȭһƣȭһתǰ
һߣɭɭһͷͻСӣھۺ񣬲ر˵ãպ󻹵ˣϷڴ˽նɱ
ȡ¾ʹ
Ҷȸסƴʢ߲ҡ²̤زÿһ̤ըƵ
䣬Ҷ˫ȭѪ죬ɢھ
ƣ
˳һۼɵҶӭ
ͣ
Ҷȭͷ˲䴩һʯٲԱ΢֮زɺӴ֮
ھ˰ԵܰܣڵĶ֡
Ҷһȭƣڳǿ޲𾪣ҶԶʮǿߣ֪ڵĲ࣬ǲǲ࣬һܣôգҲᱻɢ
ڵƣϵա
ҶҺʱðô̥ƶˣһҪ취ɱӣܵٳɳȥȻҺ
ָʵһĻҲ޷ƽΪҶչֳֶѴƳ淨
˭ˮҶȾϵĹ̥
ͣ
ҶһȭƣѪȭͷƺˮ֮ԣأǿᲢ۵ģԾҶȶϣ룬˱Ʒұ۾ϡ
һԪϣ
û뵽Ҷȶ֣һͨʵСӣȴ֮ܰǿ𷭡

˲ҺҶΧסҶȴϢᣬǰйϵ޷졣
һսǿߣ
һʱѪȣղмɵš־嶼ΪˮȻ޴棬ǶҶʵľ
飡
ҺһͬΧɱҶȣҶֱҲѪ죬ֻ޷΢΢ֻܿѪɫ˫ȭˡ
ǿᣬ˫Ѫϵ󲿷ھȴض֣ĪҪȫ
ҹ֮ӰصҶ˹һȭһȭӲ£ľʱʧȥ֪
ҶȣʹʹòѪ˫ۿʼȻ壬ֻԴŷѹʲôһ˯ѹȣҶһĪĹȵ״̬
ǡ϶ĵ
㣡
Ҷ˲ʱҶɫ糣һ˺󷽡
磡ҶȰϲʮǰҶʱҶȾͶĿ꣬ʮҲҪţ˭֪
ҶȴʱǰģҶûϳȻʵǿҶ߸ϣ԰û˵
ҶһλˣҶȻһǰл
ɶˣãڵˣ
Ҷ嶸ȻѪ죬ִѪƤѪѪںϣʱҶȣѪѾ۷״̬

꣡
Ҷٶͻأ͵ҲһͷžҶȹʱֻоһѪӰһҪһɾڵڱը˲䱻ɡ
찡ÿٶȣԪϵﱻһ飬ˣ
˲䣬˶֪ʲô£һԼ۾
ৣ
͵һǿ˵ʱһɴ̶תҹձ
Ȼʱͻأ
ƶЩסˡ
ɫ£һתɫҶȣղȫЩ˯ʹϾʱھͻȻתھ֮з⣬Ҷȡ
˲䣬ҶֻڱڣֻܵھʱҲڻΪԪھǿҾԶձ
壬ںϣϢ
һ̣Ҷٶ̤ؾ磬壬ֻص۷״̬ȵǿ
УҶգһϵĲӰ


19 ɱ
ӰžףŷӰֻǾһӰ˲ǻҹգʧȼ
ǣĪǴӱдӻ
ĳԶŴת
ƶ˶һۣбŷͬɱ
øǰȶҶҵδڣҲҶϣ
һĻҶԶмǧˣҶǷ쾰֤ȷʵһǿߣиӰ֡
Ҳȥɣ
ϵҶȿ׼λҺˣΪ֮£ҵλӦƶ˲£նɱǽʿҶ
Сӣ㣡
նɱʱҼƶһӰɳҶǰǺһϢ뿪
أһ
ƶˣҶֻɲĸݡ
ܻɱǿߣͻӦÿնɱǿߣСӣϷҪʲô͡ƶ׼֣ͫͷһ⣬·һ֡
ȫ־磬ټһϷ㣡
һ࣬ҶϸŶ顣
ͣ
Ҷڰնһƣͬʱ˺вͬƣ˵Ĳᣬһʱ
ҹɱ֮Ϊ֮һ
СȣΪףѾɣ񣬱߳Ŀǰֻսƽ֣ǱѪǿпնɱһȫͷŲѪ壬湦ᱻ˷֣ʱ

һҶȺ쳣أǰƶ˷ʶ
ƶˣƽΪ˵͵Ҷ£ݷһĪҶʱðͷҪҶҴܷ
Ҫ֪ʲô

һɰһ´ƶըѸײڶ֮ҶȣϿգһͷŭţ֣Եޱȡ
ģҾѧçţ
ƶͷųţ֣ɫһ̳Ҷȶһ䡣
ҶһȻʧ
ÿٶȣٶȾ˿ףҪǵС޵ðءأնɱʮǿߡ
ƶ˴ţ˲ĳӴһɽҶѹȥ˭Ҷԭʧ˲㿪Ե
һ˲ƶ˾ͿҶǱڵľ޴в
һȭ
Ҷ߲̤㣬Ȼѹƶˡ

ڰնһУҶ˺󼸲ͣסӣƶֻ˺һѾһ𾪣һҶȣСӣڣڹҲǳ˵ãΪϷ϶һУǵһţҲֻؼǸ㲢硣
壿ʲôҪԽƶˣҶҲУԸ˳ҶңҶͳһʱһһΣ
ҶȾȻ£ƶ˺ҡ
ƶ˿ЦСӣȷʵֻͷ̫ʢ֪ش󣬾ͳһ£Բѣ㣬ͶңϷ򲻵Ź㣬Ҽ֮λΣ
£չƶˣ֮бһ˵¡Ҷһβֻǿߣһִ⡣
ݣ
ҷλͻȻһġ
鷳׼ֻڲòȫסˣҶȶʱһ亹
Ȼôͻָ׼ͷŶӣʱ˿̣ҶԶʱףǿҶ˿ɶԣҶ첻УҶ̫ۣڡѾúܺãҲֿͷ
Ӫ̳ǰ
ɱݺᣬ׼ӪܶԸϷ򣿡
ͷ
ͻȻһۺһЦҹ
ɫһڣɾǿߡ
ٶ
һӰͻȻҹԾ£˫֮ϣһɵľ޴
Σսͬһֻͨɾزʩչ
ˣҶԶ٣Ҷѧ֮һȭ˭
ƣ
һһ߳սͷȻǾ޴ײ
ֻս£սʼɢΪһɢǴϼ֣ȻԵĳ
ġ
䣡
˲ҳ࣬ϻҳӣɢ飬һѪ


һץС
ϡҲˣ
ҡ
ûĹǣһʧȥ־
˾ȻѰȭ¯࣬ٶǿͨԽ߰ȭԽ󡣡Ժ˸ղǰȭҶȰԾ
ҶѷȻ㣡
ҶԶˣΪ֮һдһĨ⡣
Ҷѷؼ뻳תû뵽ҶҼǵ֮ˣҶԶ겻Ĳе̹
ˣ
ƶһңѾ£ڿʼնɱҶҼƻ˳ڰȥ
ݣ
һӺڰƱϯˣһʱ䣬Ѫɺӣֻƶ뼸ʮλǿ߻ڵֵ
ңðҶҼƣ
ڰбһŭ֮ҹնȻȼգһƬ޴ȼƳƶ˵ɨ
ʮأ
ˣ
䣡
ƶ˱ȥֵǿֲȼϾһ̫֮С޼£ԼҸһʱΪá
һƣʮءݼ
ҶԶҹչʩ񣬽Ҷ졢Ҷ˷׷׹ҶҲòʱͷ­


20 Ͻ
죬һͰҶҵ췭ظ
һаҹд֮ʮӥҹм䣬Ѯߣ˵ұλߡ
Ҷ첻Ҵ⣬ӭȥ
λ߶Ҷѷѷ̴˶ҳңһ
ȥ
ҶѷһʮֳĺǿʧںҹֵС
Ҷ顢ҶͯҶʮأҶң˭ҷ
Ҷ̱أǿ֧ӣƳߣԺʱСʱλĻ档
ѰֵܷȥϢҶԶ˲Ҷȥ͡
Ҷ顢ҶͯҲҶ߶һǶҶ޲ڣŴҶԶҶԶȥϢ
룡ҶԶʩ񣬹λפҶҡ
Ҷ˿ʼɨսʱڰ֣̽ӶĿұһĻ˲Ϣ˳ȥ
ܾٳ֣û뵽һ¥Ϸڵƹ£ҶһԶҶҡ
֣ǻỹܶ࣬ʲôҶȷʵ˲ãһҪ취ǣǽȥԲߣ
룡
˽¥͵˲Ϩ
壬Ҿ̫ͣս̫١
ҹ䣬ҶڴϣڳѪ㡣
ҶԺƶս棬Ҷ졢սǲǺ졣
ؼǾ̫ͣɰأټϲѪ壬ʮضûв˲նɱ
ˣ壬ȥϽɽ
ϽɽĬһ󣬲ſڣϽɽǸΣյĵطڶ࣬Σأ꺮ΪϽɽܣҪǵطɱʮҪֲ
ߣΣһϣ壬ܾ֣һ룬žΣҰҹ͵Ϯ·ɱһƺԤıƵģҶƺɱΣУ޻֮Ҿ̫͡
Сȣ˼ǧֻ꣬һһжʵ˵ʵˣҶҲãҲգʷи΢˶ãʲôؼҡ׼Ҷʧʧ
壬δ
ɵӣδˣɡǿҲ㣬岢ͨˣʱİʵͬǧҶһһεķƱǨ٣Ȼһж춨Ϊڱ֮½ĴܣӦòú½ӭȺԵսʱ
սʱҶ
ǰҶҾսܣʱʶһĴ嶼ˣеȫ壬ӦöãҶȡ׼ҳΪƳǰôǳΪսеĻҽСȣԣֻҪ㻹ţҶһͻϣüΪе·ϵİʯԶ޷վ֮ۡ渵ǳŷ֤սսʱʵǷȨѣʿ룬Ϊӵ֧սĴܡ
ⷬζĻҶȳĬãŵͷ壬ҶˣʵأӵǿʱּҶҳΪ֮ҶӴҵĿ꣬Ҳ᲻Ҷңϡ
ţԼܰշִ統ȻãȡͻɰأΪֻаΪŲܵõӣпܳΪŵӣţ֪жִ̨չ߷ɵĵط
һᾡҶŽȻȥš
һ˲䣬Ҷȸܵޱȵǻۣвʵ˼ά۹⡣
ƹİȥ
ƳǣСɽ塣
ɫ쵽һĨϼΡ
һɽʯСҶȴʱѾرģȻһӰӴǷԶʹϲү
СЩӵ׾ˡҶȼİһˣ̽밢̸һ󣬰ͷ
Ҷϸ˻ᣬ壺˶֪㰢һһ֣ȥþͻ¶ҸʣԪ
ү˵֪ʲô

һѪ̲ư޷Ѫ˲ӿ밢ʱ䣬ѪѰһɶѾ󼸱ŰԪǿй밢֮Уҧؼš
ٴҶѧȭ㣬ϸס
ڰﰢıҶȽŰѰȭ书˵
ү֮Իر󣬰ˣĹһһΪҶΪүЧҡ
Ҷȹ£췢ġ
̧ͷʱֻһβӰʧ֮С
ϽɽմϽɽɽһϽβγ֮ء
ϽɽһǳأΪϽǡ
СȣϽʷƾãʷֻʷЩ½ΪʿǳأҾҲڴ˷
Ų½һ𣿡
ȷˣ֪ΪΣһֱԶϽǺܼɵ˵ϽǾסһͷܣҲ˵Ͻ½ɽģŲҵЩҥһֱûеõӡ֤
ϽǰҶߴΰĶϽǻƽϣϽֹȥޱظС
Ҷȴ£żȻ˿׼ɰǿߣǿƳǣǿ϶һ
ɰϣɾʿɾҲܶ࣬һڽϳ֣꺮ڴɶԾǵڴˣҲΣΪϽƿʵǿΪߡ
ҸýЩǣ
Ҷоѣ洦һȻǳ߸޷ǿߣ׺
СӣİʵҲһ£ڳʵ㣬СʿҲ
һλ׼״סҶһ䡣
ҶĪ֪ĬĬؽȥˡ
ˣؾϽɽ
һС˾ˣ
ΧɽҲִ߼ޣ֪жҪΪʳ
ӣҲвҪɽɱޡ
˽š


21 ı
Ͻǽֵͨ˴֣Ųʻ㵽ʮϸ¥磬Ҳȫʯɵ¥ʱʱܼȻʹ׳۵Ĺǳһǽ¥Ҫߣǽߣΰޱȡ
ֵ֯лĹӡçױʿˣ϶ͬһ㣬ʿ
ƳϽһȣʹ۹Ҳ±Ȳ϶Ͻһִ
һ飬ҶЩԲ̾ϽʵڴĿš
СֵܣΪ̫ͣ޷඼Ϻüһ棬Σ
һƤ͸Żζ˺ȻסҶȣʼһι״ı
˾ȻɾءˣȻֶԷɾأһƻȻǷ˱ܱȵģʵضϡнΪ
ǲûˣҲԡʵڲУҲˡ
ƳҶȰûƺʲô
ˣ

ȫδҶЩ֪ʡ
СֵǵһϽǣʿҲ˽⣬Ȱ㻹ǻؼȥߣĲޣʿ
ҡҡͷʧ׼ȥ
Ҷһסˣͳһ𶧣磬ҲҪϣѻ˵ꡣ
ӹ𶧣˿ܣҶֲɵӣվŰװ׸նɱܶʿΪͬʬ壬նɱԼСͬ飬ʬޣ㣬ɥ֮ͬ֡

Ҷȷŷѩ֮УΪ֮һ𣬺ëֱ
ֲ֪СҼ̫࣬ûǧҲҲмǮƣⶨȥɣȥһЩʿ鼮֮Ϊ֮
˾ѽ𶧽Ҷȣųȥ
֪
仰Ҷȱȥ粵ȴ֪ԷҲһƬ⡣
˲ףûǿʵﶼ֮ء
Ѱ鼸֣Ҷҵ鼮ˣôȴֻ򼸱鼮֮ҶҵƧط̳ʵš
ϽɽͨϽǡ
ϽǾϽɽʺҪããͷɽɭֺͰƺ
Ҷڴ峿һ뿪Ͻǣûй񣬱ֱϽɽ
ôһ߻ʬ
ɽ֮УҶȳһƬʪأû߳ͼкһ׳ľ޻ʬǣƤ˰ȡ¸иⶴѾȡߡ
ֻ޻Ӧûãſʼá
޻ֵƣϧ޷˳
ҶȺ߾޻ʮֲᣬһɭֵΣֻա
ҶȾˣһ¼ʳ᲻óԣҪű˳Բζ
˻˻
ͻȻʪҶѻŵˮ棬һ˻ھҶһˮٿȻˮ棬Ȼһ׾
׾ˮͰϸϼ֣ʮףϳɫսףݣƬһЩɫ磬顣
ףƣˣǺ
˵һʯϣҶȾһ˲俴ͼޣͷδﵽŵ״̬Ӧûڵͼڽ׶Σ൱ʿ
ͨ촢֪ʶҶѾ˴ʶ
Եͼ߼ֶʵڡɳڡڡ֮֡
ͼʮֳڶϽɽΧʵҲɵ͹ͼʿ࣬޴ӳӵгԽҲУϳɳʵҲǿ
޴ӳʼ¸ͻ᳤һƺɫˮĿʣԴȪõıˡ
޲ӲȡҲڲϱ仯
ͼһƱ߼˻󷨡ȵȷ棬ʿ˵쳣
ߣң㵹ùͳΪҶȽʿ̤ʯɣ

ǺƺеҶȺСͰڱҶȡ
Ҷһһգ۴Ӽ鸯ľӯԽӺ֮ǰ߸߷һȭںԶ
䣡
ԴŷƹϰܲסҶһȭĻƹƵһ鿪顢Խɵõǡ
̫
Ҷȴ󲽳¸ȥжʵı
ˣ
Ҷ˺¸ȡһźɫˮűСЩ͸ָŲâһŨɢƺҪҶȡ
һû˷ܣҶ˽ʪ
Ҷȱնɱʮͷͼޣһ·ûʲô鷳նɱޣҹջˣʵҲߣͻص
Ҷ֪֮һֱΧŶϽɽΧնɱޣδ̤ɽھ롣
һɽһӰ
ôӡӦǻ֮ޡ
ҶȳɭµĲݵϣһԴСӡסɽΧЩͼޣͼ൱ʮأֻҪҪ޺ͳޣҾͿնɱ
ӡҶȥ
ƹƬӣ˲һƬʯ֣ҶȱһģζѪȣ̷һʯ֮ϣּʮĲݴи޴Ӱڻƶ
ǿ
ҶƬ̣ĳӰ
߲Ӱ£һͷڳŴ⣬ͷڲݵϣֻ۾ŷƵģɢͫ⡣
ٿ
ҶͻȻӱݴԸ߸Ծ𣬺ȭͷͳԴ
ֱץ飬ѪͫȻĴֻ˫֮£ȻֱۣԹĪٶȳҶץȥ
ʲô
ҶȻڿзʮݵϣվĺܣȻֱۣҶɫ˲䣺Ȼıܣ
ıܣһޣУΪԽɸ߼ޡ
ƽͼôɳԶǵͼıܲһɸ߼ޣΪŷɥİ˱ޡ
ıܺٳɽΧǻɽڲҸضѨɱɸ߼˱ʱŻʳ
첻˳У
Ҷ³֣ٴıܾ޴ǿͼɳڣز࣬ͷı˰磬·һǿᡣ
໣
ıԺǧҶȣŷҪ˺飬´ʯ׷ױ̤ɷ飬߱߷ɡ
ҶȶһʯıܾʱʱᵤԪǿıܹȥ٣
ȭһȭս塣

ȭıϣҶ𿪣ıܺתֱ۳Ҷϯ
ˣ
ƽֻᷴӦһֱֻֻ֣ۣҶȴȱУһ±ɣײþͣ¡
ǿȫҲǿҲıܾ޷
Ҷסʹķ飬Ѱʿղѱ飬Ҷ˲䣬̻ȣŻΪģҲȷŷҲҪѡ
һҪնɱ㣬Խ㣬Խ
Ƭ̼䣬Ҷûһ˿룬һıզ뷨


22 ػ
˵أΪͻΪֻԼС޽֣ǿıܣҶеһǿС
ҶƤʼѪ졣
Ѫ忪ʼѪѪʼ⡢ϸһһʼ͡

Ӱ磬ٿȻ
ȭȭҶһȭһȭıܣ৵ͣ
Ҷû뵽ǣıܿƱأȴûı׾ƶϿ죬ֱۣ£˴ԭʼͱŶˮ
ҶȸղûʩչѪʵߣѱıܾ޴Ѫֹ
໣
纣Х𶯣ıƺı۲ͣΧ޴ʯƺƢʹ
ҶҶ֮У˫ֱÿһΣƤͺһֱ֣ϿʼðһѪ
ıʵԶһɳǿֱ̫࣬ȳڣѪ岿ֻѾУ˵
ҶȻסȭͷ˷ŷһɽ

ΧıɢǿÿҪ۶ϣҶ䣬ʣ¹ͺͺɣݵ߻Ȼʡ
ıȻҲ٣ͷëһֱʮߣû뵽ǰСྐྵȻŭ
ಣ
ҶҶԭһգ۳ʮǰһž޹չ˫ȭƹ㷢䡣

ҶȻıܶԴ
ıܽҶһȭͺһ֣ƻ֮ҶһذƣҶȼѪ
أأˣҽҵǿһУնɱ㣡
ҶȲѪȻһ˿ʹ඼ûУֻоһڲϼء
˻˻
ҶϳˣҶƤʼѪ˿ֱۡȻǲӣֻûгѪ˿
򲻵ѣҶǲﵽһѪռ״̬ͫ鶼Ѫ˿ȼ־Ƕսޡ
ݣ
ıܸ߾ıۣһѹصƴͷţѪ֮ͫУȻһɺɫâ
ѪɫâıѹıʱһѪҶȣ͸аԹ˺֮ϯȥ
ȻҲӵͷͨ
ҶΪ֮һѾ޷ֻѹԻȫƶԪȥ
䣡ƻһıըҶǰ·˲˺ѻΪҽҲɣһ֣Ҷľ棬ԶǿֹͣѪ
أ
ı췢ѹֱ֮޴һС٣ƺŴֱֱҶȣɱ¾֮Ѫͫ
ڷеҶͻȻһͦѪ˿Ѫ˿ͫϡѪ˿һһŹѪͼڣѪܲɷ֡
Ѫռ״̬߷塣
ٿ
ҶԭһһĨѪɫֱıţҫۡ
ıٶȱҶһأҶͻأǰǿ̣ıܸ޷Ӧ¶޴š
ͣ
ȭͷƳìıţѪ䣬ܽʵסҶȰԵȭͷֱࡣ
ͣ
ı̼䱻һȭ飬񼦵һǲһ㣬Ƶһѣǻը
һ̣һɹɰԪҶܳ壬Ҷȱϣͷһɱ£۰һȭͷǻ͸ıš
ء
ĲҽУıܻ۾Ӵڵҳ޿ӣ˲ûϢ
ȻڲѪ۷ʱͻأ֮
ܵǿʢԪͷҰҶȼѣػһżӵʿ
أ磬ǰȫһ־磬ٶȵȵȱ߼ǵԪữΪ
ӵſһʿ
ӵܿʼһЩͼͨ
ӵܿ
ӵʸ׷
ͬʱҲһˮ룬ӴԺÿͻԽѣÿʵҲԽǰҶնɱǿߣأҲֻԽնɱǿߡ
ҶȲͬˣϹ湦Խնɱɳȡ
ıܣҽصԵϣһȫʬ
һ֣ҶȾͰı¸˺֮ǰһȭƤë˲ͻػֻƿ޼Ӳ
ҶȵѾıǿĴڡ
ͼɳ˱һ
ĨȥѪҶȶʱѤ޹âһⱦʯ˸ħùâ
Ҷպˣתɭ
ãһǿ
ৡװʿıһԡ
Ȼıܣ൱ءصĴڣȻɱǿ˼飡
ͷǸʮӣڷ磬Űɫ磬Ӣ͸һɻȨϢĿıʬϣо𾪣˵ıʬ壬ʮټǸؼҶѰʬ塣
峤ô죿
˿
˵⼸Եòˣıʬ壬ض飬ǻ壬̧
ݣ
ͣ
ȶ֮ʱͻأðָ̬ն壬̵¡
ֻһɰأӦÿʨ
һһʬǰһۣĿıʬ壺ıܾȻܵΧˣëӦÿҪ׳ڣϧ֪λǿһնɱǿֶΣһնɱɰܣʵҲ¡
ָöɫָһıʬȫУһӰʧ


23 ֮

Ͻɽһ紫ǰţɽγһ׵ԨϿȣһѰɽһԨ
˿̣һװĵͳ֮ڹȵ׻ص
겻ɢĺһ޴޻ڿУоɢѪȴĿ֮⣬͸Ųɱ
ȻԪ˾޴Ԫһֻа̩ɽͨǿӦе
ԪȻɢ־£ϡѪŵҶȣѪ֮Ҷ̨ͫѨÿ缡ѪҫۣѪ໥ƣΧԪס
ػʿԾŵŹء
Թ˵һţֻҪгɵԾȥţǾͻữΪǿ㡣
ˣʿؼʱ̣ԽǿɾԽȣͻϴ֮ʱвϰ
Խսı̣ҶȰ󣬲أͻػδ̥һضڷ˾磬ͬﵽػκЧͬҶҰȭͻγɾ޴ʵİٶҶʮǿߣһѹ£ʮǿ߶Ҫǡ
԰ͨĽΪʵһȥɽ׽Ҳֻնϸ
ŰԪӶתΪģԪ󲿷ֶӵʣػ磬ҪľͨԪʶγϵ
ʱ˿̣ҶȾһصĴ󶦣жԪҪ룬ȻͳͳʣΪ
ȶѪҪɣʱѪëϴ裬ЧʮٱѪ¯
ҶնİԪʱĪƺʱĺ忪˵
壡
Ҷȼ̤ʵıһսҶҪ֧ţԴǺ壬ٴȻˡ
Ī֮Ʈ촫ȻɳУҪ̤һչأղͨоͷǺҪͷ
ҶĬϵر˫ۣڷһź챦ʯĹҫڲϵ̫޲ʳ
Ѫڲһɣͻγɾ޴Ѫ¯ʱѪڷ磬ٲɱ£ͬ缸
ҶȲ⾳ͻأӵһʿҶǰҲֻ޵ؾѣصزǾǰ򵥣һŹأԾš
޴޻Ԫ糾̱Ҷڣ˳磬ȣͫ棬ŷǳ
ػͻػӽʼұܿʼЩ֮ͨȭ
ӵ֮ͨҲҶҰȭһȥЧֲͬ
ˣ
һɹͻȻҶΧɻΪյأʯҶΪҶȭһѪǰҶȱȻ־ֱۣŷһű޺ıһ
ȭͨ
˾޴ʯѹصʿƿɣ
ҶǾű۰ȭǰһԶСɽХȥÿһȭͷ˴ССɽ
䡭
˾޴ɽ壬̼仯ΪʯȭΪϸСʯɢ棬ϳӭ졣
ˣ治ˣۺɰأǿ߲žУҶȲأոӵ̤ʿżʿܰξ㲻ҪµϣҶ״̬ѾԶԶԽػֱ߼ͨ
Դ˰ԵʮػǿߣҲҶ޷вʵǲ˼飬һԶŵľޡ
ǰ߲֪ıܣ㲻òѪҲڼնɱ
ҶĵҸܵüصı飬ŷܸҶ֪ĿǰϣǺɼΪɵı飬ӵлذ򲻵ǲԸ⶯ã̫ס
ʰһ̧ͷһľɽðɣɱЩޣ쳣ԺҶá
˵꣬ʧ֮С
Ǹ쳣ïֵӣҰݣ죬һ߾ѻΪ׹ǵʬǣһ߽һߣ֪˶ޣԿ޵ĲɱжôѪȲҡ
йǽǣʲôޣ
һŵµ£һӴʬǣէȥر𣬵ʬͷȻǣţһ
ҶȾ̾һĿǰ޲Ǻ˽⣬˹ޣǰǿѣܳԽıܣϽɽΧҲɴ⣬һðһͷǿޣֻɥķݡ
ŨѪζ⸽Ӧдڻ
Խɽ룬Ҷһأһȥ޾һ̤˵أŵѪȡ
ҶȳѪȷ򼲳۶ȥɭֲã͵սۼǶѴѪ
ӦòɱʯۼǱǱɵģ˲ˡѲһ飬ҶĿ⿴ӣϢʮֲѰǿʢѪڵѪ΢΢ת
ҶȼһѽɭϿգǱ֮Уһ󣬱㿴һ޴ضǰѪۣӦǵϵޣǱڵصףͨ£һ˾ͻȻϮ

ҶϢڶڣԥضڶһһСǰضۣŲ׳Ҷ˺ʱסͷ
ʮǰһȻѨߺģʿ˵߲ʲôԸӦһС
ģУҶȿͷ֪ڸԳʿʬ壬Եϻʬ׹ǡ
ϢͷӦǵͼɳڣҶͻƳڣʵı֮£ı٣ȻҲɱ֮ʿ
ҶȰ˼ıͲǵͼޣͼıҲҪͬͼǿãնɱǣض֮²ʺսҪȰϵٺ֣ɱһͷ
һɵʼҶ֮ϣȻȫָ֮ϣγһ
ͼɳҲأأҾɲնɱɳޣ
ݣһҫֱһͷ࣬ٶ֮죬طɱͷ޸ûӦ
ͣ
սȻ䴩ţҶȴϲʢû뵽ػΪ˾޴նɱɳޡ
أ޷˺ѷκõضҡڲҶȲҴ⣬һȭͷ棬͸һʯս޲ʤս񣬲赲


24 һС
֪Ȼѹʯ񼦵һѿҶ˲Ӽʮ׵صϾȴš
ͻͻͻ
ĦӶڴ޲Ҷݣ˼ά谭ֻŵضķݡ
һ˳ڣ˲ͷĳضнʮ׳ϳйۼף֫ϸͷƬ״зŭʺӡ
ԭޣֱޣ񹦳ǣףɣҶǹһЦȭȥ
ݣ
ͷ޷ŭŴڣʺɽҶȣȻнʮ׳ţֲܷɱôʿ
ޱǵͼɳޣǿͻƳڣۺԵҪǱɱǿ߱ɣǿҲΣղѡ
źÿٶȡ
ҶڿұܣſϢҺҶٶԶȳˣһˣѾֲס˵޵ľĲˡ
ûȻλضϽɽһҪѰһֱ˱һȥǳưͣǻ²ӡŲ޷Ҷȣĥֱٶȣ츳˴̵Ĵ⬣ʲô취ǿͻֻܾ˵ķݡ
ŵǷ񣬷ŷڶҶ˵ССߣҼ̤߹
ĵޣңǵùҵİȭԶ̹ҲУߣ
Ҷұըűȭ˲չɵȭ͸ģ߹ʵˡ
ҶȿѪðܳű۰ȭ˲䳯ȥԶŴ˵еľβɱǳһ͡
䣡
ű۰ȭײһ˲䱻ѹȥʶϣŷ綹һ㲻
ҶȴʱҲһǺžű۰ȭƣϵӳ֮࣬ľ룬ǿҲҶˣֻͷҪͻƳڵĵޡ
ţ
ű۰ȭֻм׾ʱҶһжľű˲ˣȭ޵սʿײޣ˲ѿһ޴ĵؿӣɢγɽУһ廯Ϊĩ
໣дʹĽûȰһͷ޾ƴضƺû뵽ǰС࣬ȻҲ˱̬
䣡
ڵ޿ض˲䣬һսǿ˫̩ɽڵͷϣصףһοѣԵΪȫը񱩵ء
ڵеĵ޷ŷûʹڶβͣҶ˫ڵͷϣƺһ鶼ҪҶȽ¡
һҶһƴ͸˵¸γʱһŶĿ޵ˣҶ£ĿһͷϣȭˣѾֻʣҶ׵Ķˡ
Ҷȳ˽Ȼ۷ض
ضѨ֮УҶȰѰ׹ȫȼգʱһִͨʮʿʬ壬Щʿ඼أأҲһλǾǿߣЩǿΨ׶һǿߣһ֮ϧڰյĵض
ʬʬ壬ҶȸϢҪԣ廹磬ʵҪģûʵֻ˲ڽ£ɼ
ͷ޾Ȼûɱ֮ͬ࣬Ҳµɣ͵Ҷȳ˸Уʼս͸ĵ޻δҶһ֮£ֱһϣʱΪࡣ
ȡˣѪΪһöˣͶʿ
ҶȣԸǸɸɾ·ɨӶʬףҶһֱӻһɨʱڵѨȼա
֨֨֨
ʬǷʬζ븯ζһڴ£ɢ̱ζʬʬ廯ΪҽҶ߶£ԽǿʿʬжǿӲǻΪҽ
ʮöˣиֱͱڴվضˣЩͼˣҲһʺƣҶͷ
ţöָ
ڸҶȺȻ־ǿ߻ҽƯһöɫָǰһһɵϢ͸ϸһҶȶʱϲǴ˵еĴֵָʮöˣҲֻеǿ߲ʸӵУͨɾҲֻʮӵУɾأЩ
ָ棬һڽָϣϢȫںϣһΪ͸һ޷ġ
һһʶ봢ָս룬ȴһɷӡ֮𣺡Ȼзӡӡ֮Ҳ֮ҾѪ忪ӡ
һʱӿ纣ӿѪһҪۺ񡢴ԴԴӿڡ
ָ봢ռ䣬Ȼ䱻ӡ֮أҶϸоӡַӡĤҲ֩ϸ壬һ㲼öɣַɾģӦǵɾǿַ߲
ƣ
ں£ӡʼĶʼ˺ѣӡ֮ڴָܵﱾӣԻǿ֣Ҷȫһӡֱһ´˷ӡը

Ҷ˿Ϊܴɾǿ߷ӡ⴫ȥ޲𾪣Ͼ̫࣬һַӡ˵Ƭ̻Թʿõرⴥƣһ˲õķӡɱ
û뵽ռһɶ󣬿öָƷֻѰ֮˵е˷ռĿº󡣡ռ䣬Ҷȱ㱻ССƷ𾪣мöֱϰټ֪ı֮
Ҷϲ֮⣬̰ڵļö˷УϵضõĽöˣҶѾ߰ٿˣƷߵĻıһöǵͼˡ
ȫȥһָҲҪϽʮö˵ֵ
ҶȣʵǷһСơ
˵ֻɰزʸţҪͻһһͻƣǰؾͽߡҶ߳ضϸһ󣬾ڶϽɽһʱ䣬ʵǿٻسƳǡ


25 ƾͼ
죬ҶĴɱޣնɱĶǵͼޣҲֻͷɳޣڳɳ޶ҶѾûκвԣڳɳ۷ǿʵǳֲ
˴ָҶֻҪָͣɴɱҲɷŹԭ򵽴ѼƵġ
쵽һǧöˡ
һſ£ҶѾɱһʨޣȡ˷ָУųһƬӷȥշɲԶ͸обϢͬϢϽɽ޵̣ǲͬϢӦþġ
ȥ
ҶĻһϳһɭַȥ
һڷ羰컵ʪУλʿոնɱͷޣȡˣһλǿϣͬǿ߾ȻҲһöռָ
ǰ⼸ջѾ٣ؼңǰ㡣ǿպˣһüӢԱ
ǿ渧ռָɢֵܣǰǷһǧ꺮βݣǿǼֵǣֻҪȡǱ㶼뿪ֵܣǺôҲദ£ȻβǴϣβֵԸ
ǰ˵öԣΪǿǿǰɡ
һλǰȰ˵
ǺðɣõβҾ뿪ҲپֻܾܵͷӦ
ԭϢ
ֶ˵ǰһ󵶰޺иȡ½ĶָС
βݣôû
˰ԶĲݴУҶȰǰһһֱźβݣƺδ˵
ȶղ˵βݣ
ҶԻ֮ʱдΥ֮
Ҷһ㶣ЩͻȻϻصǵģ塣
Ǻβݿ徫õݣԵ޲о޴棬ݣ㸸׵кܴнԶ
βݣһҪõҶкȻӿָҶԶǷϺ۰ӰΪϣζҶοһ֮
Ҷϸϸ㣬иǣȺǿΪҲɾأԺв˽أأΪõβݣϧɱ֮
ѣڰôãβ
ҶȰ˼⣬ȴδΧһһοԼʮ㣬˾Ȼᱻ˷֣ϧԷȴѸӦĴڣһǿǰɢΧҲһɱ
Ҷȷɳݴԣ֮˲䱻һΧסÿ˶ҶȻ񣬰Ϊˡ
һʿҶȼۣмЦأҴϽɽ治֪ߵغǰδã
ʲô֮ɱ˱ǣһɢ޲η壬ˣһڨ˵һʱͻȻɭɭؿ棺ǰ硭
һϳͬ飬֮ʧһػ֪λСֵܹգ֧ɱӵĶӳ棬Сֵܿɻһǰ
ԭǰҶ̱ȭʩȻҲ׷ʩ񣺡Ҷȣʵһɢޣ̽̽õõˣǶĪ
󷽵ԭҶֵܣǺǣڴʵԵֵ֣ܲҵһӣ·ҲӦ
ǰλҶֵΪ̫ͣǣʱҲⱣܣβ뿪֮أ԰ɣҶֵܣֻʮ˾ͻȻ߳Ҷȼۣ̿档
ֵܣǺλѵǻ᲻úñСֵܣôһ˵ʱͺˡ
һλʿǰԵֵܣ磬ǵװ׼ҲΪɵҼҴƴʲôûУЩС壬Ҳ̫֮˰ɣ
ǣ˸͵
һʱѣʱȴҶȵлģֵΪ˶նɥǰλҲҵ
û֣˼Ҳĺã˰ɡ򣬴Цȥ
ҶߣһתˣãţҶҶֵܾǵĻ飬ԺҪúദҶֵأȷʵЩͣʱⰲΣ
ǰҶֵܼ룬ǺβȥѰǺβݣʱһʿ໥ʹ˸
˵ͷ̿ҶȣСֵܣ֪βݣ
֪̫ǳʶǳǰǺβݵǺ
ԷĻҶ΢΢װ֪ǫʵ
βݿѵһݣ½β󲻱ȣöҲһ꺮βݣοǺβǧ꣬ϡУһҶģоЦ
öˡҶ֧֧ᣬһ㵡
Խ⣬ıЦҲϳ֣Ҷ붼ûǰһҪһͬȥм
Լֵܣҳ⿿ѣȻھͳֵǡƺҲȲʱ
ʮ˷ܣ໥˵һ󣬺׼ãʰʼ
֣μҹϵλϣֵܶൣЩҲף⺮βǴұص֮ʲô⣬ֵҲ޷ҶֵܾͽչˣǴҵ˼
߳ʱҶȰ£ø漴ڽǽô򵥡
ø棬ʼ֪Ϊˣʱദ֪ǺĪڲôʶ֮ˣ
ƺʮûзѣǰһͨһ˶뿪Ҳʼû˵һ仰˵ǳǷ
ֶΣμҳϣչͷ࣬һ뿪ߣζңìͷָң׼ҳ֣ﲻҵ̣ڶϽɽ׷ʣҲһͬ˵ϣǱ޳ܡʱҲֻίȫ
ԽԽ˫ȭѾ֨֨졣
йȻıϧҶȲǵƳǸ֪ߵغڼţɣңҾͽƾͼơ
ҶϸĦţղǸ֪ǹƶ֮Լӣġ
뵽ҶȿһʼΪԼ˵ʲôҲǣΣ棬ʵҲǸֱҶȳȭ磬ͷһ·չˣֵܸм
м
ǣ֪ʲô飬ĮȻԺȷʵҪҸм֮Ϊ֮ɣ˵ʲôˣɡ
˵仰Ҳˡ
𣿲˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ҶȵȻһЦȻǷЩζҶ˵ȷʵУǷθ֮ԣҶȲͣ׷ȥ


26 ϻ
λֵܣǰǶ¹ȣβݾС
ؾ޷ӵµһϿȣ桢ҶȹϿǰ̦£˲ҶСĵβͨԣٹþҪΪΣޱȣϧ鱦ͨռΪУǰһͷ޾룬˵޾Ǻβػߡ
ޣͼޣʮǿߡ˵һǿʿأʮǿ߼ޣҲֻķݡ
ͼ޿ʼӵкܸ̣ǳɳޱ޿ɱȣǿ£Ҳ÷ʮ꺢̣ͯ˵Ѿʮֿ¡
Щͼ޲ߣҲһЩսͱҶǰЩնɱͷޣȻ̲ߣȴ֪κʿֻ·һҲ׶Ը
ȻҶǸ⣬Ϲ湦Ѫ壬ڻɼǿµı飬һǿ߶޷նɱҶȡ
ֻһ취
˳ĬһΪ飬˼òŵҪһֵվ䵱նֻҪѽɽȾͿɣ뿪ǿ̣ժȡǺβݣõβݳһͬԸޣǰ֮նɱҲ
Ȼֲ𺮲βݲʲôҽٶֻҪץûΣաһλʿɨˣۺ⡣
ֵͬ˵ΪβðҲʲôָڸΣգΪߵֵܾẮβݣϾʲô˭Ҳ֪һǿޣ
һλ˵꣬ĿҶϣȥҾûҶСֵʺϸޣмöɢ飬ΣһͶɢʱΣա
ɢǿǱҶСֵܣΪ˺βֻίˡڴĿ쳣뿴Ҷʱ治ò˵
ɭɭȺҶȸоģӦ˲䱻ɱһתҶȹΪ޿ǳڣػ
ֵܣǸӣҲ㣡˶Ҷȣһ
ֻҪɹõβݣǺôȻ˵ûвͶðոܵõҪһС
οһԸޣֻǣһʱ䣬ﻹмöҲȫ㣬İɡ
һʱ䣬ףһһҶǰٵĺô˵ĺβݣһһж
Ҷֵܺú룡
˸ŵ⣬뼸˰жӣƺ뷨һ¡
ҶֵܣȻҶһ޳㣬Ҳ޻˵ǽʵ£ȥȻΣأҲ˵ֵܸ˸գܻΪأ
һֱδڵĿƽؿҶȣֻƬͲ˵
ҵڻң
ҶмЦѣɵӣҲ˵ٶȼ죬ͨʿֻ·һʮʿֻķݣɳȫ־磬һһأʮǿߣ֮һս
ûʣ๼һõβܵûˣ˭ðң
ҶϸϸãŷƷһ̳Ͼƣǽ޶ʮʿǿ¶֣οЩءʿޣֻһ³·һ
ãΪ˺βݣҾͶһġ
ҶͻȻվȵ
ֵܣҷ׷ҶӵΪУ˲֪ΪһȺҪû顣
ʱ࣬ҶֵܣȥΣأҪģΣգɣֵܰΣβݲֵһ֡
ҶҪ糤Ķ˵һѣǶڶ˵ģҶȺγ֪ȴ¹ȳ
汰¼˳ֵܣֻϧҶȡ
ҶȽнԶӰ겻ѣȴΪϾֻΪǾ۷֣
С治֪ߵغȥɣϵҵȵõβǿֵ̣ǣ׼ãһ޳ȣǾɱȥḭ֮̈ŷԺβڱصá
ޣͼڣƢ꣬ϲȵشȫнëξ޴׳˶ëǿ᲻ɴݡ
¹ڣҶгֽ޼䣬ϸҶǱɽȣȻоһȳζϷ
Ҷ̧ͷһϷɸʯϣվһǰĽɫޣŻۣҶȡ
ǳޣӦ࣬㣬ɣҶȶԽ͵һ֣תͳⷽٱӣٶȲ죬ͦҰá
С
޻ſ죬㤺߸Ծ𣬾ӥһͳҶȥ
Ȼˣϣ
˷ɳݴԣ¹ȼ۶ȥ
꣡
޷ԾݴУɹʱҰľ񱻻и׷ϣٶ֮죬籼ס
Ȼȥ޴޶СҶɭ֡ԭƶԽ޾ٶȣҶҲչֳٶȣǽôҲ׷ϣֱ죬޲ðҶʬΡ
ȸһ£Ȼ١Ҷ˴㡣
¹ھʯʪأڳ˸ֲֵֵв;޴ŷһ޴ֲ硣
ڹһƬأǺ֮оȻһɫСݣһ߸ߣûУ֣͸ޱϢΧֲҲˡ
ಣ
ӰںԣĿȫǱСס˾ֻһ㣬͸о̹
βݣ㣬ϷͻʮָտɴҲ
̰źβݣƺ˴ڣ컶
֣ǹ֣ͬӦһͬáһɫ˲䣬ΪֱӰɻ˵
䣡
ͣ˱ɣײһԶʯϣʯʱΪһʯɫ԰ף˫ؿâʹ಻ѡ
滺ջ˫֣вˣ˭кβΪõ˼Ҳߡ
㡭
޻˵ûУǲ˵ڣһ룬³ǰ㣬пܵնɱ


27 ˮһ
̰ӺأǺβݣŷԼӾͻʮȻһϰ޵ϵɳΪʿʥʱ̡
̫֣λ˴λȥĹμң棬ڳϣ֮ء
һμңԴǣ
ڿ¶ˣΪڴҶ׷Źǣ뿪ʣ˽½޲ѣı󶼱ˡ
ֻƴһǾ۷ǿߣʵԽͨʮԲǿߣ֮ƴᡣ
ģ
ͻȻӿٶȷ򺮳أĿźβݡ
أ
˸ɰͰۿõβݶ֮ʱͻȻһǵ޽춯أͣڰգͷһɫī̡
ǡǽޣôˣĪҶС类¶ǣ
ͬʱҲɱĽޣΪ֮һǽƺ쳣ŭ߸Խˣֱ档
ƺڶ˵β֮ҸҪƤǡ
˿̣սȭͷ۸ߺᣬҿӣ
һڣͷڷɳ۶ȥ㤲ѣʱӲҲǽв͡
һӣӵòеǣǳȥһ鱦͸¶ȥӲˮһգ
˸ߣ˭֪Ͽյ棬ʳֱǰѳ·סڿֲת
棬㡭úһλճٽɱȥ
û棬濴׼ᣬһ֪֪סޣȻ˭ҲȥǡնһãųȥǱȻ
ʿΪӳһһʺ罣֮ƳգնȥҲҪһ𣡡
ƣ
ɫһƺ֪˽Ҵ⣬һ⣬һȭһƾռ䣬Ȼַ
䣡
ɽշһֲըâɽȶȻҡΣըܰѴشݻ٣ɽҪԵһڿӣκΪ촷ۡ
внʥʦ֮ƣֻϧǾػʮΪȻһĽ֮£ǣ
һӣתȿڷȥ

󷽣һʿ޿භ֪Խ޸Чֻߣϧٶ̫޴һ˳븹С
ɶ棬һһųȥһҪңͬĺѣ˫ִһɫȭףƷǳͬ
˲䣬ɱҾС
ЩδɵϺ׶ѣһҪ̰ĺβݣҲýⲽأҳȥЩҲýʱֻƾһ죬Ѻ˵ɰ׵ģ˲ţ
󷽲սЦֻҪܳȥлõβݣֻҪί£һʿΪնβݾͲڻ£õβݳ飬
ǰѾΪββݣ
ۿɽȳڲʮԶ籼ȥɾһɾ͵ʱͻȻһͷȻסȿڣһȻһͷޡ
ڽޱϣһΰӰɢȥ¶ҶĮȻе⣬Ӹ´档
СӣȻ㣡
ɲǼ䣬治Լ˫ۣм£û뵽һͷޣһǵǸһͬ֡
վڽޱϵҶȣѱײоޣƽøǰ޳ܣȻҵնޣȻɽȵõβݲ֣ͬһɹõβݣµʱҾûҲϰɣ
ߣ޶ɷ򣬺βͻʮ˵ɹ޵õɾΪˣκֶҶҪʹ¶ɱһ
˵Ҳÿ֮ͬңҲãһѰ׹ǡ
ҶȴӿʼԤϵģû뵽˶ҪɱҪͬ¶֣ΪԵĻٸߵ㣬ԼҲ;ϵһͶѡ
뵽ЩҶԺȻּǰɳӿ򹦵ĳǰȻ뵽Լһ죬ӵɱʿȨһҲ졣
ͫ͸ű˺ĿڽϣǣСӣϹȻܣػƷʮޣϧһжҵģնɱ㣬ҾӵƷ޵ܡ
ҵܣ
Ҷһ㶣ȻЦҪõҵܣ͵ÿ㻹ûᣬڴ֮ǰҪԸͷޣȥɣ
˵꣬Ҷȸ߸߷ɽҲһʯϣϹŵЦȻӰһֻһӰʧ
õٶȡСĪһֱʵװɵ㶣
Ҷٶȣ֪磬ͻȻ£ΪٶȺͽ޵ʵҶȴˣһҶʵǿᣬֻһͣҶȿ϶Ϊʵʮɵ
໡
ʧȥҶԼŷؼգţȻŭ׷ȥ
֣
ظһѪۿһλͬ鵹£ǽ޼¾Ͱ˺ѣȻ븹УҶûʣײѪԡ
·Ҳ޻·ߣֻƴס
ҧһɰʴ¸ϣȥȻһɫɢһ׵
СҵĺϣܴҺˣ
סһǺͷʱðһɺɫⲨס񱻽һ㻤ס
ء
ƺҲ쵽Ҳ侲ͣȻ߸ԾһöƲɵ
䣡
ײúһԶûǽһײŷڿգƮƮģʧȥģϢҲˡ
໣
ƺŭ쳤Хһ׳˶ֲȥ
ףϧҲɲţҺ޵λҲò׳谮͵ûӰɣ
һ̣ѣ̲ס³һѪƲɵĽޣѾ
ˣҵģ
޾ҪײںΣ˲䣬Ҷս˫һ²̤ڽޱϣѽ޲棬ըһ޿ӣٴαನһԶ
ҶȡҶСֵܣ
סΣٴͻһѪ̧ͷһ𾪲ѣоǴ㵣ԼʲôǿߣҲ֮ˣ֮ǰǸȵߣһֻػƲϵߣҶȡ
ôԼһжʵġ


28 Ϊֵ

ڵؿײаڶ޴壬ƺҪҶɣ޸ղһеƣǼȿ־塣
޹Ȼ˲ãղ˺ôľƷһͷҪɱ㣬ҲҪֻ
ҶȰһȣӽޣͻػ޵δ״̬ʩչѪ壬ޣ㣬ҵĲֻʵΣ

⣬һѪ֮˫˸Ҷֱ۳һ֩˿ѪѪ˿Ѫںϣʱ˿̣Ҷȸо˫޼᲻ݣκε⣬һնϡ
꣡
ʺֱ۴ޱȴ۵Ѫ֮⣬һѪ쳤ìֱͷ­ֻͷ­ƺڴ˿ǶģҶһȭĩǹͷѿ޺ͷſֲ
ȭ
Ҷŭ־ű۰ȭҲѪɫѪһ㣬ѪɫѪںϲ
䣡
ű۰ȭ϶Խ޴һȭһȭʮȭȥ޳һ࣬ѪѷԲ˺һ㣬ǵ
ΪҲˣ
ҶȴҳȭͷСȳɳڸΪ޵ˣУһɿֲ񽭺е죬캳أҶ磬Ѱػ磬޷ȡ
˹ȻһıܻҪıʮ󣬻ǱҪЩ
Ҷϸˣдһˣµûٶ޿¶Ҳвʮǿߵȼ࣬ɾܶвһҰѲѪռټϱʥǿӴˣҿݺɾ
ðԵղо̫£ëȻ޵ĵǺιؾȻ޵òʮǿ¡ʼȷʵСˣ󷴶˸ˡ
м첨ˣŹԽնɱǿߵţǣûؿնɱɾغͳ޵ţؾȻʮ⴫ȥ˭š
òţ֪ԼΣΣԸΣȻѹĻڱ׷ɱ
Ҷֵܣδص;նɱ˾ǿߣгޣҷˣͬʱҲлл
Ҷǰл
ҶȺˬСʼΪС˵СԶʱСܾ͸м
ȷʵ׾ʶˣֵĺýҲǣããɽ֮в£µģˣҲѪУֵܣˣֵܲ£ԸҽΪֵܣ˵˵пҶȡ
ãҲ뷨ңҶȣ16
ң20ԸҶȽΪֵܣ
ҶԿһۣͬʱ£ЦֵܶˣӴ˽ΪֵܣͬͬգͬͬӴ빲룬Υ겻ֻء
빲룡
˱˴ס˫֣þòֿ˵Ѫ飬ߵԶѪʱżȰɡ
ֵܣ
磡
ִҶȼϣֲ£죺ֵҶؾǳƳǸҶң˵ҶʷܳԶƾֵţڳƳҲǷɣֵܣȻǿ󣬵ȴڼ޵λ
磬û뵽Ҿһ
ôһ˵Ҷ꣬ϧĸоֵܵڳƳҶҵȷһλţϧ;ʣһΪؼΪˣں޵һ졣
û뵽ֵܾ˿Ȼڼ岻ҲһֻڼûѣߵҲţؼҡˣؼиţ壬Ů治ˣֵܣز㡣
Ҳ壿ҶȺüһ濴
ѿڶżˣҲżӣееţ֮һˣؼҵλڰȻͣŵؼҲǿ˭ҲؼңĴڡ
ΪҶ׷ʵ
ֵһʮ꣬ΪȴǵɾǵɼȾ磬ҾͲö֪ǵҽʽӻ࣬ϧֻɰزܽӡ
αɥÿ˻һֻǴһһԾţ߸ϵ
ЩֵܹˣҾƳҲԶֵܿҢǣɫҶǷпƶٿ
ҶȵͷС飬Ȼ˽⣺ҢλڰǶĳ֮һƳڶϷֻҢʮ֮һ󣬴ӳƳǵҢǧԶ
ҾҢǵһңλֻڰ׼֮£Ҳսܣܾǰƿߡ
˵꣬һ԰֮еҲ㡣
磬ղżһ˲õʲôҶԺͻȻֵʱõǺɫ
ֵ˵⺮
һУǺɫ棬⣬ҶĿڴ͵һʥƷͽӵйĪҪǷԵֵʮعΣξ;ܲסʮʿõܿסɼιǵɾǿ߲ӵеı
ԭ
Ҷһ㵣Ȼ˵ӵ޷索ָͲһЩǰҶֻţû뵽ҼҶңҲûһأȻӵɼж
븸׶֮γĸΣգ͸֮ãû뵽ˡź˸
Ǵպãֵȥȡβݣ
Ҷת򺮳أ̼ڰգͷһƾմӺץסβݡ
ͨеֶͨΣֵ治ˣҶȵõβݣûа̰ʣˡ
رϢоŷܸȻ鱦
ҶУϸǰ˼磬ʵĿľǴҸױŰ֣飬Ϊȫϣصﾫ֮õպܵ
һǵģԭҪֵܾȥʲôܸ˵ʲôУֻҪֵҪʲôһ뾡һа취õġ
л˴磬պҪֵһھȥ³
ߣ
ҶȳɽıȥУ˸ǿԹ


29 ֲ
޼棬ǿĺԼͬ鶼ҪֻԼûǿʵȻһ档
ҵˣһСǿвˣҲе裬ҢǣҷһٸҲҿ
桭
Ҷȣɱ𣺡ֵܣ˲òʵǿ󣬼֮ܿͻʮ۷壬ŹҺܲ
ģĵ˾ҵĵˣ죬ɣʮǿ߽ҲȲͷۡҶȸܵΰɱɱ棬ҶҲɱɡ
Ҷʵͨһ࣬ޱƣҶȵˣǵһ뿪ʱ̻ܵв

ǱشŨзɳȫˣֳһڷ󵶣ɫӰ׺Ľޡ
ǡһҶ󵶣ڨڨЦ֪ҶĳСʵߣĹ˵Щնɱ˵

趯󵶣˱ɱȥһɹɾ˵ڿ𵴣Ұǰ͡
ɶ񣡡
ƲֻǺǿ󹥻ֻܷԼֻеǿ߲ӵе
Ȼû뵽гһջõһʥƷҲǺס˷ܲѣ޴󵶷滯Ϊһ쵶ӭ
໡ƺܵٻӸ߿ս䣬׼д󵶣³һѴ÷飬Ҳһɡ
ͻȻſѪڣ滹δؾѾ嵽ǰһȥҧסۣѪֱ䡣
ŵϲ԰ףʶ۾һڽ޲޷һŭͳ͵һקͬһͬ䣬ѪɢõǣѪ
ϱ˲޸УתӣٲҶɱԽ֮ֻҪӳɽȣжɽ죬ϱҲԻָ
ʿɾҲһ죬ʮ۷壬Ҳֻܻٵ꣬һɹΪɾʿʮӵмܣһЩݸϱҲ
̴úܼ򵥣βݡ֮һӳ죬޵õɾʲôӵС
ᡣ
޴ʱȫɫëһֱֱӸ߸һԾ죬ϽɫëֱӴӶȥ
찡
޼ֱһⵯսٶ֮죬ֲ֮淢ʱѾֻ
䣡
ǿ˲ը޾ѹϲתǻ飬žһʱ䣬ɣѪڰգ˻޵
һλ۷ǿߣô³ޱȣҲ˼Ǹ߸ϵߣ£ϧ
ޣξһ
ѪȣҶһʱҲôҲͬ壬ôˣҲЩϧǼβͿͰ͵һȣ޶ʱͲӰ
๼ޣ
кǰ˿ڿˮ
ҶһץסѪһöɫָöָöָһǴָ붼û׸磬ⴢš
ô˼ס䣬֪жڣ汦϶١
ҶȻ֪жҶҺһöֵܣβݹң䵱Ȼ硣
Ǵˡ
ָϣͷУܿͱµķӡźֻܵȻĸ״Ϊҽ⿪ӡ
ɽ㣬磬ǲڴ˺úҶľɽȣ羰ۼǿԪɽţԪ
ɽǧ꺮β⣬֤¹ӵԪڴΪкܴ
ֵܺ飬ͻɰأҲֻǴ˵޵̣һҵô죿
ĿҶȣ֪жǿ˵ֳޣޱʮʿҪ
ֻܷģǳޣֵҲ壬ֵҲս޵뷨Ҷƺ뷨ֱӵ
һһ㵣ҶֵģֵܣʵΣأûؾɣ
ֵܵȷأֵֻһ֪ʵɹ޲˵޵һǷ
Ҷ渵ԭ˵滰õɼǿߺĴУһȥҶҶҪҶұɣϺһֱǧǰҶԭжʲôԭʱҶֻвͣܣһֱúеܲ򵥣ʯ񣬺ܻܿһޱ䡣
ԭֵܾⷬΪҶȸˣⷬҶһҲĬĬţͬʱɻҲ
ĿǰʵֻҪǴʮ۷ǿߣҶնɱ۷ǿߺͳޣýֲ֪вҲǿԵġ
ãǾڴ˵һϵʯ濪ʼ
ҶںԣĿڳĺأ֮ˮ˺βǧҲǱûȥף˵Իָа
ˮȷʵˮһ㷲˺£ǿǣʣһһءʿ£ҲͻôʱնͻȻ
塣
Ҷ𾴺Ȼ̰ѳˮȫװ䣬װˣڴռСҲװ´ƷҶȵЩֱӸ߼Ĵռж
˵صкܴ˵ѪɣˣϽɽǺ֮أڲɽвǿʥƷƷڶɡǿð֮أûɰΪñ롣嶣
ţ
ôһ˵ҶɵҲڲɽѣзԾԾ˷š
س˸ɿݿ̶ҶԾУõʼȫĪѪҲͷѪʸںϳҶ壬ǿҶЩԦĸоȴûͻһ
һӦأ칵ͨʿľȻںϵľ磬ѣҶȾءʮǿȴ޷ͻһ磬Ǿʵķֱ𣬾Ǿ磬ֻͻƾأͬȾЩǿͨ


30 ᰷ʿ
ָһӼ䣬ʱλζ
󣬶¹ڣʱӿǿһ̩ɽܰﶼѹ
һͨ޳ɷɵģɵط裬͸
ϲͻư̩ɽ磡
ʱѾϵҶԱУѾȻǿ߼Ԧա
ֵջҲСֵ޹ǲˣؾ㺣һˣȻ֮ż塣ֹͣǼش治ǰ
޵ѪɣٶҶ¡
аҶ΢΢һЦҵͬѰܼң磬δ㣿
ͻưأŹ棬ҿΪʽӣҪϻؼĸ״ˣ˸ˡ
Ǵ羡ȥһһʱ䣬ҳ޹֡ҶȸܵǷݸˣԼȴС֪ĸģ
ϵֵܽɾͷǷβУֵ뷨һΪ·ֵţΪŵ಻¡
ǵطǱȥڣԺһţһߴġҶԵмƻʱܸˣţΪϣõǺεģҲֻ𾪶ѡ
ֵСģͨѶֻҪֵȥҢǣͻֵ֪ܣأȥҲҶһ壬˲䲻ᳯɭַȥܿʧڳɽ֮С
ͨѶһϵʵңȻʵϢҵõô
ҶȰͨѶ봢У˵õҶתϽɽڲɣȥڲɽΧ
Ҷʧڴ֮С
ϽɽڲԵɽߣ޼ҲԽߣޱȱȽǣɾʿ֮ء
Ҷһ·ɳۣ;мޣûг֣ԵͼѾȤˡ
䣡
ۿڲɽʱͻȻһգնûεҶͣµǿǿߣʮ۷壬һвǿϢȻܲǺĪǡ
ҶзݲõĸоǰȻкü׵Ϣֻ΢΢ܶѣͷѡ
ɾǵǿߣһ̣ҶϸԺʵ֪ʲôͷɾǲԸȥܡ
ɣҶܸܵǿ־һ־־һϢȻɼʿӵеģֻеɲž־ɶȹ٣ɹսȻӵ˶־
־ɱǿߡ
ȥҶԥǿߣԷҪɱֻ֣ķݣ־֪ôģãοҶûĵǿߣҲһ
С͵͵һ
һҶҶȲ˴һѪ֮һɾ޴־ΧȻŻɢȥŷڼһ㡣
øСһ
дղ
ţһӰӸղűըǸӣӣһƮƣŶʮͷ̤һɫһϢʱʱޣ͸ޱȵء
̤ɽշУǴ˵еʿǿ󣬲֪Ǻη
ҶȼӣΣȴԷΪӦðɵԼѵȹ٣ֲǸղλǿߵϢûɵ󣬿϶ɹո̤żǿߡ
ʦ˾㣿
ɽ˲ʣ´һҶȣ͸ޱȸ߹һмرЩ̫ˣأ϶ѡ
Ҷһð𣬵ʱǶʱ򣬻֪Էͷʩǡ·˵أ֪ǰǺηʥ
ߣ
Ҷ˿ЩҶȵӣ᰷ʽӣǺۡ
᰷ڡҶΪ֮һŹ᰷ڴţһŻҪأҪǿ嶼֮ɵ
ⷽҲ£ţЭ飬½£СӣȥҵʦˡǺ˵꣬ҲҶǷԸ⣬ͷһɽǿдҶȷȥ
ǿǺǸǿߣĿǰΪȻǶ֣û뵽һŶɹٵĵɣǿ󡣡ĵףҶȶԷǺʵϿɣ֪Է࣬ӽ
ɣҶмǧˡ
δǰҶ֪ǿ߾ʮأСϣﵽǸ߶ȣ޵Ϊʱж㣬ܴ˵ؼĽٶȣ֪죬ˣɣѾĿꡣ
壬صҶ棬ҶȴĲģйҰҶ¶Ŀ꣬ɣɣɲ׷
һ̣ҰڳҶȣ̼䣬ҶȸоԼˣʲôһµõ
СӸʲôղйʥϢ͸Ƭ̾ʧˣһߣӵʥӦҵĴ
ҶȷеķǺۣƺܵʲôò˼飬ҲܣԲϸ롣
ʮλ᰷ڵӡ
ïԣҶȼͷʬ壬һλλ۵ǿߣмλǷǺֵɣ󲿷˶ʮءصӣλߣʮңް߰ףƣ͸׵
ǿ֪ǵɼأǺۣǿʮֹϣҶڼʶǿ߷ϡ
ʦܣûɣһߣڷǺҶһ̣һλȷǺۻǿĵʿɻʵ
Ǻۼ
Ҷȣ᰷ڸλǰλǰ֪к£ҶȲʩĿλϡ
ۣоߣͫĿҶϣһϴȻҶң½ϵȷиҶң壬㣬Ȼؾ޵˺Ͳ±𣿡
ǰʱɽ·ʳһֹӣʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼȫƿϣֻʵϡ
΢΢ͷ㵹ʵͨȷ߼һɣģڴ˭ûίߡ
ǰӵжǳĻ۹⡣Ҷһû뵽˵ã˼͸
ϷڵҲǴϽɽΧвϹʥƷԵ߿Եõһҵһ·Ƿõ컯
ͻȻ˵һҶȼ¶Ļ


31 ǿ
ʦһߣҲǴӣкʸͬУ
ʦ˵ļǣ᰷Աʮ֮һʲôʸ񣿡
᰷λӶʱʾ˼ҶȾ̫ͣ㾳ߵޱ᰷ڲһˮƽϣߣǶΪ˻˿һصߡ
ߣ
˸ҶȺƽҲڿ֮У᰷ڣպɣЩмǵΪλˣΪߵ޷ӦҸоǴһ䣬ҪҲ
ҶĺȻԵ᰷ڣ½һָǿΪԷǺһˣͺܳοôǿߡ
ɣɹ٣ɹѷǿߣĪ⣬Ͷ̻ΪУҶӵпʮصȴûɽʸ񣬵ɲھҲ޷󼰵ġ
˲أλʦֵУͿ컯᰷ӵϹĵģ԰ɣʦ
˶ҶʱǺȴߣȻҶ˵
ʦ֣˶׷ǺΪλӦ
˳ǺͶȥĿ⣬ҶȣҶУ޵еĻж󣬱ܿøԶ
ȶΪĿǰ޷ˣȴӦͬʱ峺лˮ
Ҷ¶ģòɴӦЩǰ񰮣ԵӣҲѧϰĺûᡣ
Ȼ
ֳһһѩҶȣһ̣Ǻ˶Ŀڴƺֵ
ӣǿ󣡡ס˲䣬ҶȶʱоһƮУһ޷ֵ
᰷ڼߣѰ֮ڶ࣬һΣգôУһиʧҲ᰷֮ջ֣̬
ӣ
Ҷȼ᰷֣ӯ͸޴С壬ȴҲ֪ҪԣǰͲôаԵ᰷֮£
£οƴңôҡ£ǺԼ𣬸ϣϧ˴λᡣ
¶⣬͸ɱ֮
øˣô£ң˲ˣܿҵǱܣȴû˵ӣԼ۹Ҳʮֿ϶ᣬǱΰɡ
ҶԵϲĵǿߣһȣոðѿҰݣס籩ꡣ
ˣĻȻ˶֣Ϊ֮⣬˭֪Ľ˵óԸҶȳûһʣԴˣҶеģЩ֮ҶѾǷǡ
᰷һأ˾ȻôҶȣԷɵӣҶĵ
Ҷȣ֮λᣬ֪ͽп̣ڳÿˣǾ㿼˲ܽɣŹ棬ֻʮزʸ񵱼ӣɲǵӣأʦѴ㡣Ǻվߣŷĵ
£Ϊ᰷ڵӣҺβƾͼƣȼһ䣬ҾͻǱţ뾡취õʱض᰷ֽôһɽҲ̫š
һЦƣ̳˸мĪңлǰ
ϢһᣬȻͽϽɽڲʱΣأ񡣡˴һӡ
ǣ
ڵԭϢ
᰷ڣ뿴ɵǿ󣬿ϧ֮δƽΣҶڲݵϣҶȣ޷
ȶͻʮʱñɾͲʱͣҶǧˣϡͻȻ˵
Ҷ˲˾񣬾۾źϢ޷׽Ѫδɣͻ۷ҲҪܳһʱ䣬ڼ⻼ҿԲںס
죬ֻҪһǿΪһжʵ֣˵½ǸԶı赲ĽŲ
ղ᰷ڵҲᵽ˵᰷ںǱʮʲôġ
ڵλĺ½ڱһƯ½ȹãã󺣾ǱޱߵĺƯľ޴½ʿãӵɣ᰷ھ֮һܱȵģֻ½һСɶѣ᰷ЩˣҲǸ㿪۽Ļᡣ
ôһ˵Ȳ
Сȣ֮ʿ磬ϧⱲԶֻȥݣһֱȴݾϣһ죬ݴʣĺ֪Ҷ֪Ĵڡ
ݣ壬ôһô
ǿ̣ӵΪõǸܣͿȥݴһʱؼʱڣǿɣԤɻ˵꣬ƽͣһС
Ǹܣ
Ժһ³ΰʯʯ̲ܣǸҶȲЩ壬Ǹܿݺĺ
壬ܸǸ𣿡ҶȲʵϧһֱûӦƾҶôȥӦѰң޶ԡ

ʱ䵯ָ뺮һԻҶȲ֪ʱ֮죬Ǻеĺۣ˶׼
Ʊصõһӵҵʵҽɾ޶֣һս
ҶվԺʩչĳҲһʵɽ֣ᣬڤڤ֮УҶȰһҪõΪԼһա
ҶȣҪ·񣿡ǺҶǰ˷׷׳Ͻɽķȥֻһ˵ȴҶȣѲ֪Ӱ
絹ģĸϡҶлǺۺ⣬Ǻļƣ˽Էϸ£ɲ
ǷǺҲҶȼзɳۣһЦɸȥµõΪ֮һ
ҶȽ֮Уʱ᰷֮ڵӣ涼УٶȲȫǰ죬һ߷ͬʱעܶ
ǰǲĤǾǶϽɽڲӡֻʮǿ߲ܽ룬Сˣʵӡҿɲȡ
һṦһƯİɫ㣬էȻȥΪ͸һɰ
ѵң
᰷ڵӷ׷׷ӡҶȺʾǿͷųӡһ³ȥ
ͣ
һɾĦ֮ڿбҶӡײǷӡ֮ǿɺҶػ磬ʮطӡЩҶ̶Ѫ̼䣬Ѫǿ˺ӡҶ̤һƬ硣
СӣùǺβӡУԺһֱҶͷѪǾ˳
öǿϢȻ󲿷ֶǵɣ
Ҷ᰷ڵӺ棬ʱܵһɹǿϢܲǾѪҶȸܵ


32 ŽƱ
Ͻڲɽأ߷ľ͸ޱԣҲӵйԣһɹɹϢǱڰѶ಼壬Σķ
᰷ڵˣǾȻҲѰ
ˣλǿߴڣһˣ̵תӺ᰷ھһħͷǡ
᰷Ҳ֮ɽ˲ʱ䣬Ҷȼһλλǿߣʮռһ룬ǵɣҽܸߣȴûǿ
˴ƹĽһƬ޴ɭ֣ҶȲһСĶǵͼޣ߼ضǣǽǿ壬ӵޱȸʶҿʼһУԸ߼ޱȵͼҪʮٱ
һؼͬ壬ǿ˹ͱ̫࣬ȻҲ˵йԽУͱߵȣһࡣ
ͼ߼һ޴ϰͼʵǳɳ׶ΣһͻƸ߼ǾͻῪʼУӵʿһĪԸ߼޲ޣǾǵǻ
ֲúһֱ⣬ϽɽΣգɾǿ߶Ϊ֮ɵ֤ɶµĴڣұСġΧһУҶȽڶ棬Ҳ׵ӡ
СӹȻأ֤ӵʮذʦףȷʵţΪ᰷ãҲǵˡ
ǺһֱҶһһҶһ·ߵǼ֤ˣ𽥲͸˼
ͣ
·֣ʿдתˣһϢСġ
ͷɭ֣˽
֮󣬿ͣͣѹ˴Ҷȸڶ棬ǷǺҲһС
ˣ
ͻȻĦ֮ҶȲ㱻𵹣ͷסΣ᰷ѾȥҶ˲Ŀɿڴһͷ޴߼޺һĨҫʮλʿΧݺᣬƾ춯ء
ߣͷ޾ȻҲѰһҲ
Ǻ۰γ󱦽Ҷһۣ˻ϣ׼ɱͷõǿޡ
ˣ᰷Ҳֱ}𣿡
ǽɱ޶У߳һλ˵İ׷ߣģʹϲ٣һ׵Ϊ᰷ڵɫ䣬ؼƺóϢˮһͫ͸ɱ
ҲɫһһЦɲȡ
᰷֣ںαһʥƷн׷ȡ˵ƺˡ
ɲ
ҶȾֺϤȴȻ벻ͻȻҶȽüͷһ㵣½ɱ֮֯һ¸ţȻڴɲɱ֣ȵɱʵ̫ǿ״˿ʮǿߣȻŷȥΪҸ׵Ҳǵǿߡ
ţһ죬ҪǴ½ҶԶģҶԶ絶ʣʹʼٸؼйأؼʹôԸ׳֡
ʥƷнף
ɨޣȣнףҲнеļƷȻɲϣϷ˳ˮ飬ߣ
л
ȱȭͣһһȥתΧЩ̰ʿɲᣬ๼᰷ҲÿҵӣЩϾȻҸᡣ
ಣ
ӰߣȺޱ飺һ
޴ˣҲа׼ҵȴˡһλɱָżλ޵ǿʿ˵
ʲô׼ңһӶѣɱ˾ɱˣɲô׼ʵۣҲΪҵҲɡһ£һӣλɱֺϢǱȺ֮Уʼһһɱ
ʦȲһ޶ѣѪ޼ǿߣղΪβ֣
ɭ֮У᰷˻ǰ;вϲɼȻ鱦Ͻɽֹ
Ǻ۸ߣɻʵǼӦòˣ򲻻ôȥ
ɲ½ʵɱǿ֯ɲѾͻɾ磬ʵǿ½᰷ȻҲǿߣûҪַ֮ɳ÷չһˣž뿴ң˵Ŀġ˾ɨΧȻôǺ۶Ի
Ǻ۶ʱͷͽ֪һϹŽƣϹ
Ϲͨһ̺Ϲʿ֮Ҳͬ죬ϹŽϢӦòֹɵõûǰʵǺۣһ㣬ǸҶȵСʲȴȲ㣬᰷ҪչΪİҪԴԴĺΪʦҲǿҶȣڶϽɽʧܣҲˡ
ǣͽף
˵࣬ǺҲ˲ɢȥԼʲôˣ᰷ڶص㣬еţһصõСȵġ
һ·󣬾ȻҪϽɽش
ȴһĺɫɽһĹأųһɺɷ֮ǻ
Ҷţ˵ؾǵĿĵأΪʦѸӦطнƸѰҹŽƣͷΪʦѰϹŽơ
˿ʱ䣬ڰգһɹ̾ƿգǺ۵ͷںϣ̼䣬պҪѿϣҶȿϢɿֲ
ҳɣ
ʮ˫һѹˮɫغХ£սǧɱһ͡
䣡
ԿɨҶϯɫأţƽ˼׺ĺɫأ¶ʯֲԼʬ壬ɼ˵ӵжʱĳʷŲ顣
ৣ
ʲ֮£ԶĴأͻȻһڹ⣬ֱգ·һǰԲεĺɫӡ㣬Ժɫӡ޷˺Ǻɫӡʯ
ӡ˭
Ȼ䣬˷һǿϢһʱ䣬ʮλǿ߳ڷӡܣ᰷ڵӺǾͲ̫ˡ
᰷ʲôǶȻ᰷һᱦûʵ򿪽ƣֻί᰷߽ǼˣԵʮѺãеǰ̸


33 콵汦
ϹŽƣϹʿõ󷨣󷨣Ȼ棬ҶһһǳأǾ͹̩ɽ
Ҷһأʮλǿ֣߳ǱУû˰У᰷֪йϵȻô᰷һ
˲ͬҶȴδ󷨣Ϲµ󷨣ҶϸźɫӡȻ͸ʲôҺɫӡ޴ޱȣɼλϹʿжǿᣬ˸ΪҪۼǺ۵ôǿҵӡһ»޷ӡɼӡ󷨵
ϧҾ̫ͣһҲòôǿߣҵķݣ˫˺Ƥһɱһܱۣ֪Ϊζɶ񡣡Ҷû뵽˶ǿߣҶЩס
ˣϹŷӡǳ˵ãɳ֣ſһƿҲЩģһ֣ƿȻ˭лԵõǾ͹˭Σ
֮У߳λǿߣһλˣȻһ׵ϢҴˣ͸һ߹֮ƾһ֪ӻȨʳ
üͷһĿڴϣ׻棬үǴ׼ңǴţ
ʱҴǰ׼ң֣Ҳʶ˴Ϲŷӡ֪֮࣬⣬½ң䶼᰷ڣȴ֪ԵϣֲҪǿѲǡ
׻桱˿ûͱˣǴ̬˶Ի˵͸һ׵Ϣ
Ȼǰ׼ү˵ǰ׼ǧ겻ţҲǰ׼ҿǿӲֶΣ˰׼ҼλںǴеĻʵ֮⣬׻ǰ׼ҵһ֣һų֮һ˲ˡ
ҶͻȻ׻겻ѣԴˣд֮У׼й˵׼Ҿ䣬Ƴǲ׼Ҷ󣬼ؼ壬ΪųϣؼҹϵҲǳ
ߣ׻棬δ׼ҵ˲ţ׼ң˰׼⣬ǿҲ𽥳СȣҶҪָҪƵĵ˾ǰ׼ҡؼЩʯ
ͻȻԺ
Ҷɻ壬׼ĪͬǿߣǵĻǧǰɣǣ
׼棬ʱȷɣ࣬ҲţǧͻƣʵѾɸ߽ˮ׼ͻƲɾ׼ҳɾŶҪ𡣡
УҶֻ꣬֡
ƶܺãǰ׻Ȼ᰷ô֮ضҪᷨʱû˻㣬û뿪⴦ϹŷӡҲûʲô½Ϲŷӡ֮ضȥˡ彻
Ҷƻ˵ĲںᷨҪġ
Ű֣ҵһƿӡ
Ű׻վǿҲ׷װԼ˼֣ڶЩС˵ǿԽð׻ǣˣ໥ǣƣеõô
СҪ׼ɫҪ᰷ɫ£Ƕﲻֺֻ˫Ȼ̺ôϲߡ
ȻүλǾһݻٴ󣬰֣ΪߣǶ˵ǰ棬ֺ
˸ԼҲһ̨£ͷӦȻ׻ߣһͬǰǾ޴ޱȵϹŷӡ
˾޴ӡټбְ֣ɡ׻˫һƣһɹǿʼȼգվۼںյû
ȥ
˴һָһƼһӿ֣׻ƵĻΪһ壬γһĻ
ݣ
·һʮ֮࣬ÿ˶ԼǿͷųϹŷӡǿޱȣֻһܣлᣬʱȫ
ǿ˵ƳǣʮƳҲû𡣡
ҡȼջҶȫ𺳣ģƺ⣬Դ˵е졣
ã˿ֲһըұɣ˺вҴ⣡Ҷת󷽣ҵһʯ·
Ϲǰ򿪷֮Űɣ
׻һϹս񣬸߹ս⣬ֿƻһУϹŷӡڶȥ
¡
첻ʣΪ棬ʱ˿̣ŷڷŭǻŭŷ־ϹŷӡײһһУͷ
ҿһܣ֪˭һʮȫˣһǿҲݱܷâ
ۼʮ˵ĻȻϹŷӡ£ǣϹŷӡʼɶϾǾźʱĴݲ£һжҪΪľοϹʿֲǴеˣ޷ӵв࣬ʷźһжʱĥ
ڴĿ£ϹŷӡȻ缦һѿ˲Уз񣬰һΣնƳ
ϹŷӡҲв壬ʿУµǷӡ硣
ֻһӰӰȥʱ޴ϹŷӡˣһΰϹŵżֻϧż£Ѿòģ䣬һҫںڰ˸ҹǳ
ö౦
һλǿߣվȲȥ
ͣ
˸ƶһףһ壬˲䱬ըŷǺ۳űЦϡ
᰷ڳˣҿϣһҪȫ°ߣõһǿ塣
֪Ǻ˾Ȼ᰷ϣôһЩɵ᰷ڵǿ߷׷׳ȥ᰷ͻ
Ȼб˼ֵǣȥֱ}ɣ
ʱӶϽǷʮλƽսµսʿͷλ꽫һսȻշε
Ͻǿ߶ˣ˾ҲûлᣡЩǿߣʿʱż
Ͻǣڰ£һɣԽ࣬ԽãҲˣ
ҶȻɭ֣ǰѾѪɺӣ᰷ڡ׼ҵսһͬ˾ɱϹż棬ɱ¾
䣡
ϹżͻȻұը˲ʿͬϽǻƽʿҲ˼λ֪ʲôأ֮˶Ҵ⡣
ಣ
űըನƹ㣬һҫӸ߿ձը£ƫǡ׼뿪Ҷǰ
ʲô
ҶһץһһͭСͲͨͲȭͷСһ߳ƺװʲô
СӾȻôãɱ
֮ҵģ
вʮߣûв뷨У֪ȥ·һڵǰ߲һУֻڵȴᣬ˭룬ԸǾȻһϹżɳķҶϣһϣǻԵˡ
ģ㶼㲻ȻõҵģǾߣɱʱԹˣ
ҶȲٳɣŷϽǣ뿪Ͻڲһȥޣܱܿв
׷
߰λʮʿ׷ȥ˸ճͶ
ϹżΧЩɣĻע⵽߶Ŀż֮УһĿĹҫʣֻɱ¾̰


34 

ӰǣյĴ֣ƹ춼ҶڿҡҷƯһ
ڲӡ
ȻأҶסΣǰǶϽɽڲӡĤһͻƳȥҶȾ󺣣󷽣ڲɱĺÿ졣
Ҷȱһ޴ȭͷڷӡ棬Ȼǿаѷӡ˺һӣҶɳ
͡
һλʮǿ߷ӡĤǰһ̣һ̴ţغһλѮ߰ʬ˸飬ҵöˣĿڷӡϣСΪ˵ͣȻƿӡΪǸӣеĪвͻƷӡ
ȥҲ벻͸Ѱ˵زӵ۷ԹУֻǴϹţֻһͣӵз
׷
ʱַɳλѪǿߣû·λߣֱͷǿƿӡɳȥ
Ϸûʸ񡣡߸߸Ծ𣬴ͻƳȥȦһβա
Ͻɽⲿɽ֮£һ˶ޱȵ١
˽β棬ǿЩɱߡ
ҶվһŴҶϣգϢ˶ϰɡ
СӣĹ˰ɣзңһ
һλʿϵٶ֮죬ҲӴ֮䣬Яֲʯ׷ɡ
Ҷƽ˶ӣ㣬Źң
ܸϷϷϼҵĳϣϼҿ׼ҵĴҡѮһλʮͷʿͬʱأȸϵˡ
ÿ˶зϧֻһݣҲ֪ΪǸҲû취ֻ֮һݣ˭Ҫ͹áҶſƣԲͲַǰ
ҲΪ࣬ұؼһҪļ壬ؼһδӵưԳƳǣĻ׼֮£˱嶼׼Ҳ࣬ӵһͿüλõſء
Ҷϸϸ˼š
ưСйŹ֣Ҳ˵˵ٶȺʵȻƿӡǷӡײУ᰷ܸڽһݸӲˡ̬һٰʮת䣬ìͷָҶȣɱ
Сӣڴˡ
վߵѮߣȻˣݣ֣ɱˣȻ˭Σ㲻ңѵư𣿡
ˡݡһߣưȻô˵ˣΣΪߣ¸أıǡ
˸ʲôǸʿһϣǸһԵư
ҶȰԼԹˣȻ治ԣоԵ˲ƺ˴ǣƣʲôı
ʲôԣҶҲ˵֮˲ϣǸ̥һϼ޻Ыĳ
͵ưһۣ˼ǰ󣺡ȻͶǾСӣǼϹ϶в֮նɱƽֱгԿߣƷס
Уǣȶ֡
վưԵüļƣУһ֣צҶöȥӥץС赭дУҶȲСһֻ⼦
ȻģûкأһսעѪȾա
ҶѾս֮ġ
㣡
һ࣬ƺҲŴˣסҶȣбǴһæȥ
ڷɳ۵ͻȻһᣬּһСȻתѸײڶ֮ɱɹļݡ
䲻ı㡣
ɫһƺû뵽˱ӣø֪㲻ǺûȻһ˽̱ϣҪƤ
ݣ
ͻȻһƷ˲䣬ɫþޱȣϧѾˣ󷽣һ͸ԴһȭͷⶴҲû£׹غһʬ塣
Сӣ๼·ϣԸ㣬ޡʬԣ˼Žޡ
ưسһ֣࣬˰ȼƻԳöĳŵ˰ɣ
Ѫ֮ģŰɡ
óһɫ壬͸һаǻ䶯Ĳѣֱ׸ư
ԭˣǸ;ͼƻһУնɱݣҲŵóһΪһһȥȫһ˵õôȷʵ¡һϸ룬Ҷڿߣԭһж˼ƻõģ뻢ıƤ·һ

סа壬ư¶̰ЦݣƺѰⶫǧ꣬˵ޱȣõָͣʱһɺ̴аͷų˲ϣ˷ʤ
ɱݺᣬ޵ưȻҪаʵѾ˶֪ҰѴ㣬Ҳװ׷Źҵģ硭֡
𣿡
ʱǺͻȻưУ˼飬һĻ°ͶȻ˫ָۣʳ̵ư㡢ȻϰаĪϼϹഫŶ
㵹ЩʶϷЩɱˣ룬ϼһֱоŶһо϶һҪϼҷ󣬵ʱͳ£ǧﲻ𡣡ưɭɭƤ仯ڣ˫ΪںڣðɫаŷԵ
ϼҸаҪ𡭡޼ƿʩ׸⣬ѾϢ㡣
ޣ
ҵ֪ʶ̫٣޶δ˵ϼϹȷʵȥô򵥣۷壬᰷һЩʿˮ׼¼ˣ
Ҷ߶ȼУÿһκоֻһ˴ڣϼϹаЩ߲


35 նɱϹ
㣬ϼԱһǿĶаɣʱ޳ưĺϷԺϼҽжһǿ󣬲֮󣬻ȡ᰷ڳΪ½һʵʲô׼ҡҡĪҡؼҷ׷׶ҪϼңϼΪ𡣡ưа渵
㶲ŵͷ֣С㣬һжҪŹһ·
Ϊʱ
ư³˶ϯȥǶѿ𿪣ƺһڶǰʧ
ƴˡ̣ίȫҪưУһƴָл·
һϼȥײӴ϶赲
ưĶδǰۺ񴿾˶ίʵ£һ޵ôɣ˭֡
һҶ˽¾һһȻһưǹ춾ǰٱĪ⡣
ʵ
ưмһߣɭɭشһץһɹɶ籩ϯȥѰѹưʮ۷ǿߣټ϶аѾǿһʿ
㡭ܣؼϢ٣ưǰ߿Ϻˮ಻
֮ŭ
ưƺûϵԷܼزһа綾һ㣬һɫڣһҧȥ
꣡
Ħ໥ƺʤһ飬ǺɫسԵųʧȥ־צѹȥ

д˻ڶУʴ壬Ƥɰױڣһ¶ͣ񱻶գѪҲ֮ȥգۼ䣬Ȼһ߸ʬ
һ߾綾ܣ
ʬưǰָ׹һʬ˲Уư󲿷ֶҶȣСӣʵ˵ܣϷЩ
ưĻʵϹżõһȴð֮ף֣£ĻмıһǿĪеʵ
ǰΪʬǸ飬֪Ҷȶʿթնͨ͸ˣʵȻҪĻһҪԲգȴûĻһ³
Ͻɽɲ٣һ˷֣͵͵ķҪͣҿɲΪ˸¡
ưƺȲȥɱ˸𣿡
ưҳϣԵǿ֣ҪԣҵļΡҶͻȻɣѪʼӿڷڡ
ȡ裬Ϸܣšưһ̣֪Ҷ˼ȫûͶ˼ŭˣһҶȡ
޵ػҶԼʵδйսʵȫԸӵɾʵȭ
䣡
һֱҶȱ󳤳ÿһΪ֮һ𣬷ŷռ䶼Ϊ֮
ţ
ưˣһɻ󣺡ŵİȭһû뵽ػ磬ʩչ֮ͨܣС
ҶȰƳǣҶңҶȡ
ԭǳƳҶң壬һֱ׼ѹţ˭ϧҪϷϣӢš
𣿼ʶҵɣ
Ҷȸ߾˫ۣȭѾܱءʮصˮ׼ɼһߣưûж𾪣Ϊ֪Ҷʵ
ٶ
Ҷ˫֮䣬һγɵĴ󶦣⻹Ҷȵһʩչȭһ̬仯ͨǰûʵˡ
ưĿϣ޵ۺǣ㾳̫ͣۺҲֻϷһжѡ
Ѫ
Ȼ䣬ҶͷѪһɹѪţֱ˫֮ϵİΪѪɫŷѪҺɣ͸ɷǿҵս⣬Ե
ʲôȻҵĶʥҪۺ񡣡ưɫˣһʤȯյģ
ҶƵɣǿɡ
¡
ưƺܵǰͰȭĿϢһǰδеڶȻƻһȼգγһޱ˶ɫ棬мǰư˫ֻһ棬ɫʱǿײҶȡ
ɫ͸ޱȵа񣬾ȻɿеϢʵɿռԪֻɲſӵеֶΣƶưŶжôˡ
ȥ
ҶҲͷ˰ԾӸ֮ƣֱѹɫ棬Χռ䷢Ҫ
ɲǼ䣬˶۵òУĿֲϡ
䣡
ѹסɫ˲䣬ޱƻըųȥƾͰʯָƽѹסɫ滺תɫͷŸǿӵĻ棬ŷҪڵ
£Ҷڴʱȭˣս֮Уһȭһȭɫ
䣡
ɫ汻ȭò½ư̲ס³һѪ̾Ȼۺ뱲д˳ɾͣŶ󣬲һ޵һԵģ
ž䣡
ڰȭһȭȭ£ɫҪ飬ܲסȭưãƺ߻ģ򲻹ѵӲߣ޵ʮΪھ̫࣬Դ
ǣתʱԹһӰһ˲䣬ͿһѪ֮ˣһƣֱӳԴ˹ʲôоûˣΪԴѾֿ
ܣҼȫ£ܵõ𣿡
ҶưʬԣʱһƤѪ죬˲ӡϻȻ⣬ȫʩչѪһȫﲻѪ״̬£۷塣
ѪɫȥʱҶЩվȣĵúÿ죬͵һλֻҪҲͻƣ
ռָӴҵˡ
ҶȡưָϵĴ䣬һֱûд䣬Ǹȱٵı
ϱҲãȫҵġ
κζŹҶѹһգɫ뿪˵˵ҸطǼϹǺα
ಣ
ֻһӰҲҶӰӡ


36 ɼ
ҶѰһƬսµĲԭƬԭ߹֪ɴ˵صǿжôֲҶǱУѰһѷ졣
ưһսǾĶǡ
غϢҶŷֵĵüΪأȭ֮ͨǿ֧Ųɣζʮ۷塣
Ҷǰһս۾ǴսıܣɱҶʱҶҶ֣ıܸҶȴ飬һΣҶͻأӵ
һΣҶӵǿʵ£ͬȸ߶ǿһսǸ߶֮սǰԵս
Ҷսʩչ֮ͨء
սҪս޸߶ȣնɱựҶȶ֮ͨոӴ죬ھҲһرѪǿ̣еһޱȾ޴Ѫ֡
Ϊ㣬Σ
ӴóϹżµԲͲҶϸһԲͲͨѾ⼣߰ߣвӡһɫСߣ档
˰ҵ򿪰취ѸŤһɹϢʱðҶ˸иӺ棬һ氲һƬɫۼһĺɫƬչᵹ
Ƭ
źȻƬɫۼҶƣϯȫҶ֮⣬ŰѺ⡣
ϸһƬɫۼ沼һ磬ƺֱۼƳɣȭͷСۼܱ͸ŷ⣬ҶȸоƬۼ׺ӯëһ
ɼףѵ֣
ۼ׺棬һƬйϵ֣Ҳͨ壬ҶȼѰҷɼܣɰδҳ˿
ӦʥƷнס
ҶȲ֪֮ʱԺУʱΥʥƷнף½ѵñҲֻӵʮˣҶԻʱҲֻһͽ׷
Ҷȷȥüһɻ󣺡ûɶر֮ҸܲǿĪϢ
һϺڱڵĹʽԺоΪϹ֮ʧϹ๦һҵϹ־Уǲ󱦲أӵϹ־Կɽɣ᰷ڿ棬žһϹżõһŹӶڱ᰷ڡ
ԭˡ
˵ãҶӿ죬ĿƬɼף壬Ҹô죿
䣬ûв־ãף־ûһʱ䡣

ӿҶǰɼУ˲䣬Ƭɼ׷ŷʼתһѷ˸һɹɹϡصϹϢͷš
ɼ֮УҶҲӦһӵַĺɫռ䣬Ƿɼڲƿռ䣬ҶȽУȻûκνƣɼȷʵϹʱ
ţ
ɼ磬ҶȼһŹҫڹҫ֮Уֲ˼һĻһλ̤һ޴ɫͷϣһһɶ೤Ѫ챦滹Ѫһɹǵսɱ¾ɢš
϶ǷˣжôǿѱϹߣֳ־񽣣һ·ն롭
ɲǼ䣬ҶȱϹӢɢϢȾ֪ǼԦߵǿ߾ǷɼǰˣһλǿߣĲǲȱģҶȻǰһУ͸˼䣬ʧϹʱ
ҫֳ񽣼ԦߵɢҶĪŭ𣬲ģŲ£һжѻΪ̣ϹȻû㲻
ȻСȣԶϢôܴܴһףһڤڤ֮עġ
ʱ˿̣弤Ҷ
ǡ
ҶȲ׺Ƿ˼岻ẦԼʱδȵһ죬ȻȻʲô
ٴͷžɼףУɼ׷ŷ˹һ㣬˸ҫ۹Ϲâ
ǿƱƵҶȲϺˣΪȫɹҶȰѪ֮ͷţ̼䣬úҲΪɼ¼¶ŷڵֿҪ
ʱжȹҶЩ֧Ųסƣưһսڼ˵ѩϼ˪ѪֺóֿնϢƺڳɳ
ĪѪɳɵǰףɲǼ䣬Ҷס
ȶһѪʱˡͻȻ˵
͡
ҶҧƤγѪѪѪƬɼϣɼɫȻΪѪ죬ŷѪһڷʳѪڷʳʥ֮д
öơӡַϧҾ̫ͣٵеΪж󷨡к˽ȫа
ҶȸоɼԼʶںɼʧȥ˷ɢȥֱ仯ԭģͨƽ
ʲôǷ
ɼڰգҶȰ컹ǿ͸ڤڤУҶѾɼ˸Ƭɼ׾ȻҶȵӰ֮Уң뵹ӰΪһ壬ӰӸɼӰӡ
Ī
һӰлɼףҶˣӰӣɼײӰУɱӰϣǵӦ֡
õһõϵķʵ棬ҲҲдɼףɣҲһնɱǲ߽׵ɣһصصɣԺɱ循̾
㾳ͣӵʵʥƷнףֻɲҪãǵȲѵʱ̣һҪء
壬ǰӦӵɣҶ˼ȫɼϣҲ˵Ժðɻ
Щԥ͸޾þòſڣȻУǿһսһжǶߣʬҲѹ֮С
ʲôҶޱȣ䣬ʬ廹Ŷ߲ѹʵ̫ˣ⣬ҶͻȻ뵽һ⣬һĹؼ
Ҷӵкʯ񣬱ʼҶΪǺʬ壬ΪҶȸоͬϢں˵ʬ屻ѹʯ棬˭ʬ塣
ŶԴΥ֮ˣĺݣնɱҶ֣Ĩȥйм䣬ֱӴһ֮Ϊ壬ڵҲЩɵȻҶ类塣
壬һΪҶ汨𡣡
֪㻹ǿɼףоѪдɼɼ״Ͽ
ҶȲ˵ɼ뵤֮УɼױҶȵѪѾҶһ֣ɼڣѪ塣


37 Ѫ¯
Ѫ壬Ϲŵаͨţշת䵽ϣϹ湦ŵؼգԴ˹޵ɴ󾳣гǿߣԴ칦Կڸ֣֤Ѫжôǿᡣ
ʮĵѷ֮У˸ѪӰҫֻҶѪ֮УһɹѪΧŷڸҶȵϸ
ʱѪŷʧһ㣬Ƴһ޴ռ䣬ȼյѪ棬治ҶȫۼȼֲǿԵѪѪƺ
ÿһɣÿһͷţѪԽͣ治󣬿ʼռ۰ڵγɵľӨĤڡ
ʿģһ޳Ϳһ㾧ӨĤѵﱣʵʵױ˷ȥǿߣһʵ磬ڵµϹϵɣԵء
ҶȵĵγѪѪѪǲѪΪصɣԷһС
ҶȰղѪ㹦ѪܿͱѪɣ֮ѪɫЩȻѪ֮γһѪɫڣѪȫ
ѪѪһɫڣ̣γɸ߼Ḷ́˿٣ᴿѪھʮִ
ԼǼȥȻһ޴Ѫ쾧ѪѪѪ쾧ڱţףǷ֮ƣѪʵʵκ˺Ի⡣
Ѫ¯һۡ
ʱ˿̣ѪɵʱҪѪѪ¯һɺռ䣬һκ¯
ղѪǶҶȿʼתʱѪڿʼ䣬Ҷ־໥תÿһתղѪǵתġ
ۣҪĽ׶Σɽɣǿ٣ҪۣڻȻ޷Ϊɣûɲɣ޲˵
˵ֻʮزſʼᣬҪķķֻҡ׼ֳУȻš
ķгۣȻٽŵõķοķҲһ½
ķһ˵Ʈ޷ڲѪһķоȻмأҶȿԴ޳ۣһõķͿԿʼӭ٣ȻɹΪɡ
ɫת£һ޴Ѫɫ¯ڵ֮УѪѪһ̬Ѫ¯
Ѫ¯ǲѪռ̬һ޳ɣҶȽٶԶͬˣѪ¯ڶ࣬ҪҶһһ
û뵽Ѫ¯Ҫô֧ţɣе
Ҷ˫һ֣ϢȻӿ죬ΧȻԪԪںϣ壬תΪһѪ¯У¯ȼմγɸӴǿѪɫ
¯Χڲӣ¯ҲԽʵγһص¯磬ʱڵ֮еɼףҶɾʱԾԾѪ¯޳ɣȻ¯硣
ɼ׾Ȼһ¯ĴϹǷǷ˵顣
ҶһȻ󰲾ֻĵø죬¯ڲϹ̣ɼҲҶЩԲ
ͣ
ɼ¯£Ȼ΢΢һɹѵ
û뵽ɼڲӡѪ¯Ҳµ־ӡҲĨɱҲΪ֮һжҵĲ룬һ顣
ҶȸܵɼϢϱ仯ԽóأԽǿȻԽһҶȶԼʵĴ
ãȻ޳Ѫ¯꺮ڵɾõѪ壬޵Ѫ¯󾳽ͻƼ죬Ѫ¯кܶãˣõӵϵǿ󾳽ſԡ弤
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˵֪жӲؼаʿ˭ҲҪȥֻ˵ġ
建ĵѪ¯ãΪֻһЩͨӵӡʥƷͽףͰɣͿͻƵɣ˵ھͿԡ
ꣿ
ҶЩţˣɾԺͻƣҶԶ˼ʮʱ޵ʮأҶ켸ʮ궼δͻʮأҶϸһ㣬ֻѪһͻأŲ£ͻʮأ޵Բɹɡ
ͻƵɣҶȴδ˵ؼִţȻյصʳ鵤ҩǰְæſ޵õɣҶȾȻڲκ˰£Խɡ
ҶͻȻϷǰ߰߹ߣĵšǻѾΪŵӣҫǣδڣҾͿͻɣʱҪ֪ڻǶôľ֪ʲôţ׼ҺؼңϴѹҶңδһҶҽ£Ӳд
һ꣬׼ȷ˵Ÿ֮ǰڳƳǾеǳͽϣΪƳǵһŵҶȣͿ߰ذϣӴˣ𾴲٣鲻٣鲻٣ҲнԶسΪ˿ķϲġ
Ҷʱ׸һμŵĳôһۣͱҶųɹףҶΪҸˡ
Ϊϣ֪ԼжɵӿʼǸɵӣ׼ҿصʣǱʲô飬а顣
ʧĳɳǴʧܣҶȿһУ˸ף»˭ĵס

ҶȳڹȥʱѪ¯һ·ӰĻζҶȼæһѪ¯ȻˣγһѪľ޴¯ͬʱɼȸԾѡ
Ѫ壬޳ˣӴÿһ磬ҶҪһѪ¯ռ󣬸Ӽ̣ˣ»кδȥõĵطֻҪʱ䣬Ȼŵõ
һ̣ѪɣѪ¯Ҷȸоնں嫵̾Ѫ¯ǿһһе¯
û޳Ѫ¯ʱҿնɱưʮ۷ǿߣ޳Ѫ¯ٶսưּǿߣͿԲѴ֮ն֮ɼףߣɹĵɣҲһսвҲбġ
ͼһޣѾսҪսͼޣǸ߼ޣȥһɽڲҵ
ҶһԾɳѷ죬ؽգѾڵصʮ죬˿λҶȼٳȥٶ֮죬ֻǳӰۡ


38 µĸ߼
ӡϴ᰷ʱѪδɣǿͻӡЩʱ
һӰɭҶӯڰӡĤǰӦŷӡֶͨΣܰ˾޴ɽӡɣҲֻд˵еɾǿ߲д˸ֶΣϽɽ޷֮أӦþǿߣΪΪɱͬࣿ
ˣЩȥͨġ
ҶӡĤʱһɾ޴ӭһǽڴأҶͷŵǿ˲ɢѷӡĤ˲˺ѣҶ̬Ų߽ӡһء
תԪΪ͵Χɽ磬޵ıϢش
֪һǷԸõϹŷñǣö᰷Ҳ˲֮
ӿռָó˸ö壬ۣҶȷָУüͷһ̧ǲ鿴ưöռָжٱΪʮ۷壬Ļ֪ͨٴɱԽٰɣǵȻصϽٲ鿴һڴǿߣɱ֮ɡ
룬Ҷȷ嫷֮С
ʱ磬ɭصʱۼֻܿһԶΪʿԸӦ̾룬ȻΪԽӦԽ㣬Ҷȿأ޵Ѫ¯ԸӦٲ֮κϢòѪ壬׼ȷӦǧκڡ
ѪѪΪھѪӦǿʿԼֳԽǿӦԽ
ٺ٣ͼޣǰնɱıܣΪۣԵͼеǿڣҪԡ
һӣҶȸӦǰһͷںǿǿ֣Զ϶Ǹ߼ޣ߼ͼ֮𣬰һ߲ۣ͵ǻ۾ӵ̶ָ߳ȡ
ҶȷԾ֦֮ϣѵˮܿͿ·һݵһͷںڽʳʳѾãӵڵϵƤëѿޡ

ͬʱҲҶȴڣĿ¶׹ת̰Ҷȣ߽ɣֲƤǹơ
žǿͻԣѴִɲȳΣһ谭˲䱻Ū

޸߸߾ֱִۣҶѹҶȲŲæסͷһȭ޹ȥ
ƺܵΣϢ޾Ȼ׳ֱ۵ǰҶȰԵһȭѾλȭֱӴֱֱۣŷѪ棬Ҷտһͬʱȭͷ˳ƻͷ
ţȭҶһ߲ȭ
꣡
ԴѱըԴƬ̷ǿ£һ޲һʮ׸ѪҶһ¸ͼҶǰһһ
˾ǲһ㣬ֱıܻҪ߼
ȭͷСѪҶ棬ðƮ˸ѪӰâҶ봢䣬ǰͼ޺սԣҪҸ߼֡
ʱҶ¶âնɱޣҶǿģҪ֪ͼ޿ͨɱʮǿߣư쳣ǿ߿Զһ⣬ֻ·һսɵʿҲҵġ
ҶȼϽɽشȥϽɽޱȣ񻹴ԵشҶȲҵģϾ嶼شҪ֪嵱Ҳ˲Ѫ壬˲Ѫɾʿֲ֮ȴҲݺϽɽɼϽжֲĴڣҲǴ˵еɣֻѾ̤ŷɳȺľ
һṦҶȾһϢرϿȣرҶȸܵһе㲻ͬϢʲôͬҲ˵ϢǷǳǿ޷ƥеǿҶҲ
ͷޣǸ߼ޣȻһϢǿ󣬶ȵͼǿǿͷ޶֡
ҶȾȰǿͷ޶֣Ȼ˳ߣҶϢһǱɽ֮С
ʪأҶȴʮɸߵ֮䣬Ŀܣʮֽɲ˿⣬һǿԼֲ˵ޣֻ·һ
ȻгǱɣ
Ҷ⿴·ɭ֮ɫǱǱȥܲƲӦкܳʱ䡣
ûϢɽЩȴûǿϢҸӦòŸӦͷޣɽҲûѪζǱ˲ӵгǱ޲ˡ
ĽɣǱµģҶҪѡ뿪һ޵Ͼ磬ת壬ɱһֻϣɲһս
ҶȳǿϢȥɹعɭ֣Ҷȼһͷëڵϣ֪ڸʲôϸϸëէȥǷޡ
߼ޡӦǸ߼ޣϢǿᣬҲй׵ĸоǷǾͲöԸû޵վ磬͵Ϯնɱ
¶⣬ҶĿ̷ޣ֮ڻ̷ֻмԶҶٴδ̷ޣֹȻǷޣһʯϣɹ̫Ϸȴһɿ
ȻУһϢǸ߼ޡ
Ҷ̷Զһʯ£ʱͷѪ¯ӴҶȵһνָ߼ޣҴ⣬ȫһ
ʱ糾̰㻺ߣҶȺأ룬ʮ㣬һ̶ʱҶ˲ɳʯг̷ɱȥ
ɹˣ
䣬ҶѾ̷޲Զ̷޾ȻһҶĴԸʱһɫȻҶǰ
䣡
ѪӴײ̷棬ҶֻоԼֱۿҪˣд󾪣ѵ޾ǿᣬǳжֲ
ɶ࣬Ȼ͵ϮңҺùѣȻϡ
̷޷ŭ֮Ȼչɫһɶ೤ľ޳ᣬڰգһͷɫޡ
ͷӥʨһɫѤëǷצӣа񣬺˾ǳѡ
˵ޣֻи߼޲˵
һ˲䣬ҶȺ٣о㵲ѣʼΪޣΪϢǿԭ޹ϢԷ֪Ĵڡ
΢࣬Ȼ͵Ϯʵڿɶɡ
˴򣬷ƾȻΧʯΪĩһ嶼Ϊҽһɹɿֲ籩Ҷϯ
ɼף
һ̣ҶȰ޾޴Ӱµɼ׷ˣҶԷײ˲䣬͸ܵ޺ǿΪԷһļɼףѷɼǱ޵Ӱ֮Уû뵽ˡ
ͬʱҶʩչѪȫѪ˿Ⱥֲȫȥ
͡
öɼѸҲڶ֮ٴӵӰ¼ޣһʼûз֣Ϊɼصôãڷɼ׿һ̣ǷӳЩöɼײ岻ϹѪɣʹֱУʶͷſֲȻöɼױƿ˲䣬öɼ׾ͳϽɽΧȻʧ
ʹˣССϣȻ˵ҡ
һ󣬼ȷŭ˿Ѫڷ籩֮УĿܣѰҶȣһ࣬ȻӵʥƷнһһͨϲš
ȥˣ
޷ŭѰţһӰӶûѵͻȻһɫӰߣͷһǿޣֻ˿˲ϣɫӰڣﻹϢ飬̫ˣǰ㣬ȻͣйɲϢ
˭뵽һʿȻ
ˣǸСƺһͻع˲䣬ͼȫˣѾɳΧ
ӣɷŹˣ˱󻼡
һмƽӡ޷ο˽һ̣ѷӡϢֻҪ´νϽɽһնɱȥɣǿ˹һʲôúϢваִ⣬ξҲ㳤˼˰ɣ
ɫӰɭɭ˵꣬ȻΪӰʧڿ֮С
ӷøӴˣСӣáޡ顱棬Ȼ˲ûΪһλ֮꣬ʧӰ


39 粨

ϽɽԵһϿɽԣѪҶȴӸ߿£˲䵹գ٣ͫ˸ļ£աӡֱкɫ׷ʧŷϣҶת۱Ϊͨ˷ɫ
ȫʵȻ˲ҾɼҲֻˣʲôʵ˵ǿ
Ȼͣʵǿᣬֻһ͵סҶȫһҶȣȫһնɱɣȸ߼ɳޣǷ޺͵ס
ɼϹɱҲ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣǷǿᣬɼֻͨ˶ѣ뵽ԼҶȲһëֱ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲ⺮ĻɾΪðգֲãҶȾȻɽ˲˼ޡ
ǵϢÿֲ޵ļٶȣ˲ƣֺƿնǿҲ϶Ǹ߼ޣѵǸӸ߼ޣ
ҶԺ˲䣬һƥеͻȻ֣һҶȻð麹ҪǸղƬԥҾǿ¡
СȣղйɺǿϢʲôˣȻʵ
ҶȼæֱȥɽΧ£壬ɽڲͷʮޣһͷȫɫë˵еӥʨӦøȫһɼףֻˣһͷǿޱȣ͵ܵϢҲѡ
һ壡
ͷһξȵ̾ŶϽɽ˾Ƿһ壬Ͻɽ½һأҲΣŶϽ˲Ƿһ壬Ϲᣬ˭ҲûߣҲܻϣСȣǵã飬档
Ҵˣ̫߹Լһ̣ҶȳϿҵĵͷϴͷһΣҲһΰܵ˳ףܴ
ѵҲǶĥΣԺҪӽţ޼ʣǿţҲɱ¾
½ֻһ½ǿ߲٣˶ϽɽλǿߣжϽҲһλǿߣ᰷ڡšɱ֯вǧҪ߰Ǳ
š
ҶȫûƢԣʵܣ֪죬ˣϾǿߣֻиǿߡ
ҲҶȣû˶Ҷںӱߣź沨Ҷ齥侲ںӱߣʼָΪȫѪ¯տҲȫȻ޴档
磬̫ŷȼջɢ޻棬ʱڶϽ£ƤҶϽǣΪ˵Ĵ
¥ϽǽΪĴ¥
λֵܣģͷֵܸ֪һ̻ƽʵ
¥һŷҶȳԵñģˣסСϴ𶧿ʵ
С½ӣ̣ЦеĵϽɽļ̻ᣬԽпڱʵʲôﶼյ£͹ٲȥԡ
󣿡
Ҷ뿪¥Ժμס֣ڶϽǴϣҶȲǵǸսǵߣҶҲֻؾ磬ڴ񣬴඼ǱĿ⡣
ڶϽͨ䶼ӵءΪҶΪڶϽǺټһ䡣
һ֣Ҷȷһ㱦ƣΰˣмһɫңӨ֣
ȻǣȻԶϽǲϤҲûôɵ̻Ὠ
ҶȴһһѾҪ׵ƷȫãưöҲõȫ
뽣ҶȿſнܣһͨĲϲƷ
λֵܣʲôҪ𣿡
ʱһλۡڴɫµҶȿ˵غһɫ֡
ҶȸоҶҲȥ̻ᣬûõɫΪ̫ͣһ˶ǸûҪᣬλȴûΪͶе
뷷һЩٹһһЩҶȵ˵
Ҷȳཻ׹̨ȥҶһ¥˲٣һˣ󲿷ˣǸո뿪Ͻɽɱߡ
̨ҶȰָʾѴȴӴó
أȻдָ
Ҷָ̧֣¶ʱΧ˷Щ˶ɰϣвǵɣд󲿷ֶûд䣬˿̣ҶһصϣȻӵдָȻһ
ͨǧö߼ٶöƷʮöЩ޷һͽʥƷԻöԸ⽻𣿡ϣҲҶͶ࿴Ŀ⡣
һвֵֹı㿴ţҶȰ֪ġǲ֪ıʯǹʵľƷͳͳóưõǸѪ֮ġȴûóмòıҲš
΢ЦвƷʮöΣ
Ҷȵͷ˰Ʒߣӹ̨ȡһһʮÿװʮöһʮö
찡Сô౦ȻϡƷ֮࣬Ҫռôࡣ
б
϶бΪôͣӵд䣬Ǵҵӵܣпŵĵӡ
ҶһΧҲеĽеļʣе¶̰Ŀ⡣
Ҷûа㷴Ӧ˵ˣ˵ǽ½ÿǳضн׷ֻᣬǷ԰Ա
ش𣺡ԣйأԱֻдɲʸ񣬶Ҫʮö
ʮöҵҶӴóһڹ̨ϣţҶȰǿ᰷ڵݵİɫҲһ˳
᰷ڣ
һ֣ڳ˷̾ԱҲ߿˻Ȼ򣬹ֲһصߣ˶ԭбһı½ľͷ᰷ڡ
ؼƺЩȷСݻظҶȣԵȣøԼ
ҶȵͷǴҶֱ󷽵ĹϢˮˮ˲ãһλٸҶ
ٸʮͷķ飬㷢ԲŨü䣬ҶͶ⣬΢ЦλС᰷ֵܾڵӣ
᰷ڵӣҶȡҶȴʱҲݣǾó᰷ǿ̣ѾһС
᰷屾쳣ҶҲóڽвٵǿ߶в뷨Ϊ˼鷳Σգó᰷޴ͷЩ˵ӣȥ󻼡
ԭҶֵܡ
ٸЦҶһԣӹҶǿ᰷һЦ˵ĻҶȣġ


40 ᰷ڵı
ǰһ֪ģ
ҶѾٸǵΪȴǵɼأĿǰҶȾ̫ͣҶԵɾǺ˽⣬оٸǵɲ٣ûôɲ⣬Ǻ۲¡
Ҷֵ̫ˣҽгЦģСֵԺԻһЦЦ㣬ÿ˶ôƺҡ
ٸ˵ҽ᰷һ᰷ڱ޽ǿ෽滹Ҫ᰷ڣˣιǰڶϽǡ
ЦЦûЦͷڣзǺ۵ˣ
ҶȸպȽһڲ裬˭֪ЦľȻ˵᰷ڹϵֱᵽˣҶЩǺһ¼
᰷Ȼʵ˵֪½ɵҶڻ֪˸ݵΪʲôԲǵô򵥣һı
ЦĺȻҶЩֵֹģûʣȻһЦЦƭ㣬ֻǰͷǺ˶ѡ
ʦҸձ£ЦЦ㣬˵£нǧöͼ޵ˣһͽ׾Ϳɣ֪ɷ񻻵Ҷȳ⣬óЦЦȥ
ͽʥƷҲ̫һʵõĵͽʥƷҪʮöͼˣһöˣԴơЦĽܵ
ô󡣡
Ҷһ㶣֪ȴû뵽زнǧöˣһԼɱһưҳģһҪô࣬۲ѣܲԸشӴóˣҵȫˣһͽʣµȫ
ҶֵȥѡЦˣҶ¥һ޴ո¹̨ҶȽһβһĹ
ЦЦ㣬λҪһзӡ޷ĵͽ׷ƷϵȣҪö
ʱһλӢЦ߹ĵ
Цһ˲䣬ޱȣǺԪߣӵӡҪƽӡʮַҪЦͳö
ǡſ־ȥ
һͽ׷Ȼôۡ
ʱҶ˼һ˼ҲǶԵģõģãǾһֵûУӵӡҲʮһȷʵҵѪ¯ȴһ𷨱ֻϧھ粻⵹Ǹƻᡣ
ϸһ룬ҶкȻһƻڲʱҶȿʼ̨һĿȻһɫͨ죬µַƺۣЩƺۺأıַ
ЦЦ㣬鷳ȡҶȺָų챦˵
Цȥ̨ȡ±ݸҶȣ΢Цܵ˽ݣ˵һŮǰƶɣƷϳˣҪӵлԡ˫ԣӲޱȣǵͽеļƷһн׷
ǲ
ųɫݽŽĹӼԼһ嵭Ϣ΢΢ľտգ޵ݽƷǲҵɼףԶˣǼѧ֮һһƣݽֱ绢ΪʧһӵԷʮأҲһ𣬳ǵɲп֮
ˡҶȼ齣ûнƷӡһˬӦֱӰݽ봢֮С
ʣ˿Իǧö¥ɡЦļҶˬ죬ãҶһ¥һſнֵ
ҶȰѴװĲ봢䣬Ȼһʮ־£ЦĽǽרеĻԱ½κηֻᶼã㲻ʱ֮ʱ
иǡҶȸܵΧвٿĿ⣬Цʩǣ
ЦͳſڣһֱҶʧ˺аǰҪҽˣ᰷ֵõһš
ɶ񣬽Ȼ᰷йǳЦĲ򵥣ʶˣʲôıټǼ棬⽣ǶϽ̻ᣬһˣҾ鷳ˡ
뿪ҶȴֱǷɲΪټϷǺ۵ĵ⣬Ҷ治ȥ
ϽǼҶֲֻͷȫ·ðŻŰʱҶڼţ뿪ţͿԳƳǳ
Ҷ˵Ϸʦѵ뿪ҲΪʦ𣿡
ۿҪߵ£ͻȻһ֮ҶȶҶȻͣסɫò԰ףת󷽿ȥڰһ¶ſڣһλò
Ĳ࣬ӦǽͨϢҶ˲ʧȥ˷֪˵ǿֻʵؾص˹ȥ
ɡ
ķǰ˶ҶȻ˻֣˵ͫУ
Ҷ£ǰѾһˮĲ豭Ҷ⣬ҶȳʩǰղǲѰǰϣǰ½Ѵ
˵ν᰷Ȼ᰷ڵˣο׿ڳϣ᰷Ӧû㡣
лǰ
ҶЩεĵһԵˣλһͷ㷢࣬üͫӥǰԵޱȣ΢˫ۣŷһ񣬸˸о޹أҶеȻһԭ˾ȻƽһȻûһ˿
̲סʼ£Ҷ첨ˣûκ쳣ϢһˣԲǷˣһǸӣûа˵ɴƵģǾӣԵϼԦʿǿĲѵһɾ
Ϸڴ˵Ⱥһʱ䣬û뵽ܻ߳ܺãԿеˡ
ʮ͵ĴҶȣֵȻ᰷ڵӣǴӴԺ͹ڣ棬л˵
ǿƣԵǿƱȣ˵вŷֱӶҶһ
ǣӴӴ᰷ڵӡ
˲䣬Ѿ޷ı䣬ҶҲȥԷֹˣһްԵľͷɡ
ʱ˿ڲ裬ܺãҶȣһ̿ʼ˾ʦҹŵӣ᰷ҲҪ֪ǺǰʣҲǲ㿼飬ĥղųΪϷŵӡ
Ϊʦһμ㣬֪ʲǺ֮£ûоɿ˾ͳΪʽӣû˻ŷΪʦҪһ£ֻҪ㲻صɽܷʽ볤һȥɽǲϹٵͬڳƳǵļˡ˶ܵӣпܳΪ½һ壬֪ҶұǧǰǴ½ˣҲϧȡ
ʲôҶǧǰǴ½ˣ
˵һ𾪵ĻҶһ㵡ͼģȴޱɻ󣺡˾ȻҵıյôϸҪҰ£򵥣ң°£ҺҶ¶Եõôһʧܣҽһɣ
˼Ҷ˼ͫ¶һ˿ЦָŲ豭¶˵¡
ͽһ߾ȫȥ졣ҶȸϽߴٵģǸˣҪ᰷ôҪ޹δ
˺Ȼüͷһһɭɭ˵ΪʦҪǱš


41 ɻ
Ǳţ
ɻؿˣǸ飬Ҷȷû˵ԼҲû£ҶȲ֪ǸЦǸÿޡ
ԭҶȾͼƻλصƳǣѼ鴦þͿʼҷţΪľǳΪϣȻΪҶܵ˾ȻΪͽĿľǱš
Īǣ˴ӿʼǿ̣ѾָңǱţԭȻııҲҲǻ¡Ҷȴʱ˼תŷԺͣɳۡ
ɭϣ˫ͫ˸⣺ŶвСһɽݶ½ֻһλף᰷ڡ
ʦʲôԱʵֱӰˣô鷳ҶѿڶȻ⣬˿̽÷
᰷ڱǿι̣ȴΪλɵҶ֪ġ
ԷƱ
˵ȳ䲻ãŸΪӲԱʧСð취Ǵڲ߽ţʱڽϣһš
ҶƶǶصͷӲͷƤʵͽʲô
һ˳Ϊŵӣһ㣬ҪţΪʦԺ񡣡˵˵ĿʱʱΧԱߵˣһֱûжһ¡
ɵΪ̫ͣοŹɰزܳΪʽӣҪܳʱܴﵽ׼ΣأһΣգȴûбֶΣ¹ʦһƬڴҶȹĵĵ
ȻΪʦѡ㣬ȻΪһУοʵѾӦɾأʮأֻǾΪѡ
ƳһҶȣӴóһöźɫĵҩһɫС«öڼһöҩɽʱ¿ɱɹ«һ˲õнΪɷ³ɷ籩ҲֹȻ󱻺ɷʵõȻ޴棬Եޱȡ
⡭нȻڽݽǿЩʦͽһΪ᰷ڸͿء̰Ҷסˣߺ޲ϵõ
ȻǸͷࡣ
Ҷ⸱ģһʤȯգȰͺɷҶȣָ嶣һصδУǱһλǰϹżеõȱбڹ·ţмǡ
ǣӽǡ壬Ҷи˲ѣû뵽ȻôôҲ֪ı㣬ô˵ЩﲻãûжֽҲ֪
һУ˹ˣҶȽܵλǱ½֮һͣ£첻񡣡
ҶȼæҶȼ¡
ͻ̧ͷ˫ͫȻû飬һƬ磬֮ɣ֮з˻飬ϣúð£һɣһԴȥ޽磬μͽ䣬᰷ڡ
ҶһṼʦºΪ᰷ЧʱҶȲòʾĵʱ߸߾ָ֣췢ġ
ͽԻسƳǣֻʱ䣬ڲҪͻɰأҲҪ˳Ϊʽӣȥɡ͸˵꣬վ˺ȥ
ҶȶʱͣȲӰʱתȥ˿᰷£ͣ˺ǿ
Сȣ˵öԣɣɸ߽ǿߣ꺮˵ȴδղǺԼϢ¾ͻᱻ֣ǿߡ
֮ţҶȸԺ
Ҷ㵾̾;Ȼͺͬʱڵ
࣬Աݸ߹󣬼ǧȻһ̤أСȣ᰷Ǳһ򵥣ҪúץסᣬоԵϢԽԽˡ
ҵĻԵҲҵԵ
˿̣ҶѪȣǸղѪҪץסᣬǿԼ˲Ųҡ
£ӵֶΣ
Ͻǣһׯ԰֮У뻪ں԰ʱڲһǿַǽ³һɫȦϢԽǿ
͵ڣǧǰŶԴ½Ҷ֣ϧѪȷ磬ߴžΪǶ
һߴһַһ߲ΪǵĺߵߣССţҰģȻһóΪһǿɣ롣
ҲգҲգҲҪΪ̣裬ȥҵڳϼӿռϹϹűǵĿ겻СС½Ǳ޽޽磬ӵǶҲǵġ
ˣ޼ʣϢ纣ףȣǽҶȵСӣǺӣú˵Ϊ᰷ڴϺôǧǰµҶҺᣬ֪ҶұҲģһ֣ɱ
ȷʵЩֶΣ᰷ڶţëһģһƳɿܣ·ģѾںɷжЩֽţѾҵС
ɷЩϧʮɷʥƷֻôһҲӵнʥƷʱȷзӡ᲻úײǣֻҪסһжС
ˣ
һ֩ĹȦͼˡͽγɣų־޴Уգۼ䣬⻪ɢ뻪;Ȼʧ٣ŷδֹ
ø᰷ڣСȣɷбֶΣµӣһڣͻʱԿ㣬ɷ;ǿӡһɶ޷
ϽǧһɽУҶڲ鿴Ҳ쳣ʱȴһ¿˵
ӣ«ǿӡҶʱˣΪͲ̴ˣΪкڣɳǿߣʶ㲩Ȼ֪
ӿѪ¯õӵаΪϲɷȴѣΪĳһʮ˸Ϊʮɷ᰷ǿһϹżеõģһ«гʮ˸«ȡƾǧɣһ;Ȼð㣬Ҳŵģ½û˼ɷҲ׿˵Ҳϲ
ʮɷ־͹ߣ᰷͵ʴס
ҶȸźɷǿҰռ˷˭۲Ϲƶɣޱȡ


42 
ڹҫ¾Ө͸ҶȰɷװ봢䣬壬йһɻһҶȲ񿴿浽һŹ
Ҷף˾ϳ˹Լͷһ룬ûֲκηӡһΪĹԺ
ŶһײƵĵеɾľȻûʮһ㹦ˣĪǹģ׹Լң޷ͻʮʱֻȥܲǡǡôֻоذɣ
ŭգǴƣһ֣׹Ȼǵɾȼ˭õ׹˭Ϳ޵ɾҶңҶҾܳǿĵɣ˵ƳǣҲһһ塣
ǧǰҶѪǿĨȥйֹֻһơơȭЩͼɹдҶңǿҲֻ⡣
Ҷϸһ׹ҲõϣвѪ壬ȴûеɾֻгΪŵӣõŶزܴɹҶȱ˻ѡ񣬽򹦷һȡ
ϢһҶԼٶȳƳǸȥΪǧ·̶Ҷ˵ҲֻòʱѣƳϽɽǧҲֻһʱ䣬Ҷȱе˳Ƴǡ
ʱ磬ڣųƳǡ
һжôϤ
Ƴǳ£Ҷķ̾ǰһһﶼôϤʱЦƣֺʱûʧ־ʮ꣬ȴۣѾһ
ҶȽƳǣʱǰӸһͷ׳˶Į͸Ÿ߰䣬֮ǰ֪ȫˣʶˣϸҲһϵó
ʱ䣬ΪϣָҶԶ¶֣ڹڳŻڻ飬Ҷң񣬿Ҷҵ˶ΪҶȻƫԶ򣬻ͼǲˡ
ĿһĻһĻŷݣҶվڳƳǿϣͻȻּįѹ֡
һ¾׼ؼҾеĶ磬˵ΧǳصĴ嶼ŵˣЩˣ񲻺͡
ˣֱӵ׼ҡؼңͶࣿǺǣʲôǶ࣡
мλͬеĸ̣һȺһһƣƺкܴ¡
ȥϽɽ£µ׾磬ŪŨء
Ҷû뵽Ϣ˫ȭգţˣ޳ܣ֮ϣ׼ҡؼǱΪ飬Űɡ
˵꣬ҶʧĮʧڳǱ
İĺܣ
ǱҶҶȳв࣬վһԣȴİˣΪǰҶĻǿߵֻúߣĪҶλˣ
ҶλҶ顢Ҷͯ˶ʮ۷壬ҶǰҶԶһμ壬λ뿪ƳǣǰҶʱλԵңΪҶ
ҶȻһλʮʿ֪Ҷ黹ҶͯȥҰ뿪ЩӣҲƽ
ͣһᣬҶҶԺԹǱ룬ҶʵǵɾʿʿӦĴڡ
밢䣬棬Ҷȹϴڽ۾ϢѪ壬Ѫ¯ӹ̣ͬʱҲڷоɷҶҪо͸
ƻ٣Ҷ˽һ۹ʼһģǷ첹պǺ
ˡ
ŵȻ򿪣һҶ뷿䣬ڹһ̣ͻȻףתʱּĿҶȣЩС
үүɻˡ
ҶҶǰ˵
ҶҶȺǰοһ΢ЦҰ鴦̸˻µ׾磬ˣſͼˣвʿǵµǴϣ
үߵʲôˣٴ£һ±ҪүϣҪҶԥؿҶȣʲô˵ڡ
Ҷɫһƺϵʲô˵ɣڶ˵ʲô¶С¡
ߺ죬Ҷ顢ҶͯλȻ˺ͳϹѼ֧˵ȫҶѷҶңһռҶ
ʲô
ȻҶϵд·ȴû뵽Ȼ׺ʹϻᱻλô˵ҲҶҵˣֱ췴ҶȴʱŭգһƶȻ
Ҷúǿסһ㵣ƺû뵽Ŷ̶£ҶȾȻǿ󣬸оλҲûдʱҶǿ
ԭλ沢ǰæǳû٣ҶѷȡҵλãҵʹϴΣҶ䣬ɱʵ
Ҷ˸æصǰ˺ͳϻ˶ڸϵع֮Уû˭ҲܽȥǰͶҶѷøְܹλȨˣүģӹǻãǴһֱδá
ҪǵκβҪʬΡʱҶЩȲסһɱҶ顢Ҷͯնɱò侲
ҶУƴȥѰү˻Ϊүһֱûаү¸ˣֻʱ߶ү
걻뿪ҶңΪҺãŲŹңȥңϧһһɱ
ҶĿ¶⣬ҶҾҪȥڷ䣬ұģȥع
عҶѷĸúܣүҰѵعض˵
ڣҶҶͷ˲
ҶԺһ԰УʮλأһһһصʿΧˮйͨڻ԰и˹ﰵɱ
ҶҲʮλȻôɣȻǴĻǣֵͼɣ洦ǡ
Ҷ԰԰һǰû˵ֱӴţҶȽ뻨԰˹ϤǰǸײرĵعһжıˣǰѣѾء
ͨͨ˹һ辰ƿһڶĵضڣҶȽضǽ£ضͻȻ͸ֿĵعͨ
ҶعÿʮһصܣһֻӬҲԷɽ
ǣûжû³Ҷȸһ˵ӽףϵ˺ۣһΪ
ڳƳǣѾ߸ϣСǼ塣
ʱ䲻̫֪ġƺҲûΪҶȣ֪ҶҶҵ£Щ¶Ҷġ
ʵҶڻ֪ʱսңҶݽϵλҶҶҴܹܣᣬѾΪһ񻰰㱻˿ЩҲ˿Ҵ⣬ʱǾ֪ҶײأɱǾɱ
лˣֵܡ
ҶҶƽʱǵлһ£ҶǰǼعͨҶ̤мһͨ
˴ŶʮԶǰһηҶȵˣһôϤЩ˶ԸҶԶҶĹҶԶ³Ҷȿʹ
˽ȥپǳȥЩʱհɡ
ҶĬĬ˵Ȼ󲽳ҲͨȥͨͷһηйϤϢҶӿ졣


43 
عҶҵˣм׳ֽűסҶ֣¶Ŀ⣬˭Ҳû˵ֻµĺͯվǰضҶݻϷŲ԰Цݡ
峤ˡ
ͷΣ
ҶһȻӿ죬ϤǴҶֻǲ۰Ե˻ƵͳɣҶˡ
塭δãעЩ
ţҶԶӼ

˲䣬ӳǱ޴סҶԶҶ죬ݷƣҶԶˣͷ԰ɢţ϶ƣЩҶʹ飬ҶԶΰӰҶ絶ʡ
ҶԶֱ壬ȴ޷ã˼ǰ󣬾ҪΪҶѰһ·ҶҳҪҶ顢ҶͯǲΪԼΪô¶С
ҪһϵҶδ֪𣿡Ҷ쳣ȻסǹӰȻڡ
ھͱݣȳˣǣ
ҶȴʱԥһҶĻһӪҶԶڶ׼ҡؼҶһ𣬳ݲҶң϶Ҷ֣Ūһ㡣
ɼģĺ̡
ȥһ񶼳ǡҶСĽҶ˵
񶼳ǣ
Ҷһ㶣񶼳Ȼ֪ƳǺңԶλһǣ񶼳ǵǵһλүݲүӵŵݡ
ˡ񶼳ɲܽҶԺȻ뵽ƿصɲǾ񶼳Ǹ
ҶԶͻȻҶ죬˸Σ֮ܽŪǣ޲ðҴңȥ
ܽ׵С̫ҶȣִܽҶ³ʱ˶ԻҶȴС֪ĸҶԶҲ𣬶Ҷƺĸײ˽⡣
ҶҡҡͷɫΣǷҶһ飬Ҷ֮ʣҲֻܰ񶼳񣬾㿴СķϣҲóһ
Ϊܽ£ֵ׼Щ
ΪҶңҲֻô
ҶüƣҶԶͶȥĿ⣬ҶȣҶֻһ˸ֱҶδصļϣһᾡȥһ񶼳ң峤ү׾˾ˣĿĺܼ򵥣ϣҶһѣ취˴Ƴǣ񶼳ǰҡ
Ҷ۾ôģоޱȣ˾ˣ
಻æͱҶң취ķҶ˻㼯ҸطҲڽڡҶԶҲЭδѡ˵ȥϡ
ͨҲ䵽ⲽء
ҶԶأҶ˿˲̹ɣֺȻʲôҶȽ಻æ뾡취үĸһ棬ܽҴС㣬ѡ
һ䣬Ҷû˵ҡҡͷҲû˵ڡ
ѵ׻ڣ
Ҷ˫ͻȻסδִϲ񣺡׻ڡƺ飬˵ȴ˵ڣãҾȥ񶼳һˣŪ£ȥɲǼ磬˵ҶҽҲҪİ
峤εˣϣ㲻ҪʧȥϣˣүϢ𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
Ҷһȣ֪һֱֻտѣҶȱһλ̽Ѿүȥʱؼȥɱ׷ɱүƺʲôٴΪģүҶڱϢѾǱسƳǡ
ҵүǧӼҶϢΪףҶԶ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ԰ף˸
ģ˺ͳһҪģúϢҶȲͣ޲Ϸɵ񶼳ǣʲôΣĸףʲô
û뵽СȾһ죬ʣЩ죬ܸһ¡Ҷ찲οҶԶںڰϸ̸
뿪عҶҶ뿪Ҷңָò񶼳Ǹȥ
񶼳ǣΪ֮һֱƿأǳعرأ÷٣ǰ׼Ҹٹ̵ǿ
ң񶼳ǵڶ壬λΰ׼֮£а׼ѹƣΪ񶼳ǵһ塣
磬񶼳һϣŽվڴ࣬һ֧ͷ
Ϊڼף￥ǺļƷױǰ߰ƥһۡһɫֵŮ߹󣬷ŷаǰǼ
٣ǰ׼񶼳ǣȻϡ
ǰУʮ̬꣬߰ɨΧɶмλʮһĹ˵
ұŮӣɫ񵴣İ̬Ц͵ͨƿصĳǳУаʦ𣿿
ͨ˸ۣŮӵһۣ÷ʦãܲ磬ٹϵǴ÷ң˽
÷ŮӻȻŭ
ˣʦǰʧݡ١ȳһͨ÷Ůٴ˵
û뵽ŵ񶼳Ŀˣðõҹʾ𾴡
ȺУһҵҶһˣЩ˴Ѿŵӡ
Ҷͣ£ͣ¡
ͻȻһСк֮˳߸˵سȥǣǸͷѾ㣬һ̤£СкʱҪ

ۿǰ桰١Ԧ֮ģҪСкʱͻȻһӰһλԼٶȴ±Скգ۳ڽֵ档
ͬʱӰ䳰ȷ˳Ȼ񶼳ǣΪӻңݽ棿
ŶԭΪ˭Ԫʦ֣ʦҲˣ֪Ҫɽһͬ顣
δڣǺͨ˵һ˿ơ
Ǹֻʮ˾Ӣ꣬üǣСкһλϸˣһλŮߣλ꿴ֻʮ꣬Ķˣţ޸߹
ŮӢ꣬Ȱ磬ǣǻؼҡ
ʱһֱδڵġ١ͻȻĮȻЦʦãǺαأͬţļֺηŶ˵ԪѾõķгɣβǿ۽硣
ʦй涨δʱö֮壬㲻֪ܲɣҪɣ˵ãߡԪȻǣŮȺȥаոÿһдޱ𾴡
׼һֱѹͷûҶүѿ
񶼳һֱģ׼ţһ£ϧ
˽Ϊŭ
Ȼҵˡ
ҶȻ뿪˺̳뿪ȥ


44 
ãԺͨȺˣԶ룬÷˪һŮӣߡ
С֣ԪسһϴլȥլſڣԪ濴˵
үС㣬ڻˣ硣
ϸʱլԶźȻ򿪣һūһȺ˼á
ؿţعͷԪ磬ʦǻ֪ͨȥƳǲμؼ׼Ҷ״ᣬһԳƳǻĪҪԸ˵𣿡
ԪüͷҲû취£УؼȻӴˣҲͬͻͻΪʸ֮ġ
һССؼңȻΪΪֿȵĴ塣ȵ˵ʱü΢΢̣ƺв
Ƚȥ˵
βԪýլ
׼һҪǿʢլȴ˼ӣôûб׼̲ԭ򡣡
һ𣬾һҶΧǽ£ҶһԾϣǽ䣬ǡλС
ԺֻмԣԺһɽΧһǽȣҶȴһլȻʮϢһʮϢȻư۷壬Ƚȥ̽̽
˵꣬Ҷʧ֮С
լشһԺ巽һƬԺӣԺΧʵʵʱѲߡ
Ժ֮УԪһλʮͷ˵ҳڣλüâ罣һɫһƳۣ͸žϢ
峤࣬½һ֮ڰҲӵиߵȾλֻҲںҲܰ׼ҿơ
ԪɫȻض˵˼䣬鶸ȻһССؼңôӣĪм嶼Ϊ׶ѣȻҪȥһˡ
ҡҡ÷ҡҡμҡ׼ҵм弸յؼµвټ峤ȥƳǣؼʦڴӦ־һССؼң˭ӡԪԣ쳣ࡣ
˼ЩתʵԪ壬ΪΣ
ǰǵɶأͲö֪ѱչ꣬õɼλϿУΪӣΪëϴ裬ܻͻƵءԪĵƺ⣬˸һ˿ʡ
ʮ꣬ѾǵɶأֱӶҳ֣˿ɵίʵ¡
߷ߵĵ建ɣʣŲϵΣ
һɽݶͷʤľ壬ŷ
õ׼صСʳڣʱ׼һһǧҶ׻ڣԲɾͣҶ׻ϹɾޣԶҲԽ
ǧС壬ţҲֻõһλϴ࣬ΪŵӣȻͬʱõźͼλϴ⣬ŰһĻ˵ת֮壬ӵơ
ƣǿǱҪ߼ĴڣϹŴ˵һЩǿߴ󣬻ֶתޣӵǰһкۼҲƣĪǡת֮壬ֲã˵õ붯ô壬һжģؼҡ
ϸ쳣ѹֵı飬ҵδȻӵǡ
塭ɶأʮꡣ
Ҳ෿ϣҶϢҸһ̸Ｄǧˣӿȣû뵽ôͷת֮壬ӵơ
һ̣ҶȸоԼˣôشϢ
šҵСǣ׼ؼҽϣ׼ҿؼǿߴڣҲϣҪ¼ƻ
ҶָڷץסָۣԽԽ󣺡ţˣҲԸģȻ˺ҸףҪǰƤ
֨֨
˭
䣬ҶȫڶҳУȻϢ岻֪ͷץһ±¶Ҷȡ
ŭһɫ۱䣬û뵽ȻǱڰû֣Ǵ˶򵥣̧ͷһһӰţමȻһʱڴſڣӰ
ɶ񡣡
ԪͷӯصҶΧ롣
㡭
ʱ˿̣׼Ҷо𾪣㵣ƺκβ˼顣
ˡԪȡһԴȴɫԣƺԥ
øָĿϸҶȣͷţĿҶϣҶ
˾ôһң֪գӦôδҲŶԡһ̣ҶҲͬ𾪴࣬񶼳ѾһдҲ֪ԪŮԲһ·β
ؽȵػȻ㲻
Ԫأ
ƺʲô˺󼸲ٴοҶȣشҵĻ
Ҷ֪ڲݣĿģҪľŪݣҵȷҶҶԶ֮ӣǰҵ׾˾ˡ
༤ҶǰַҶȼ򣺡Ҷȣʮҵȷľ˾ˣҵֶû뵽ǻмһ졣
˾ˣҲò֪һ˾ˡ
ƺѪϵҶȴϸܵһϤϢҶǲѪ壬һ㣬Ա֤дͬѪ
Ҷȵ֣ǰ£ҵģ𣿡
ȷǵȻ㣬Ҷһѡ
ҶȶʱȫгҲҲҶƣ׼ͬؼϣҪĵһ˾ҶңҶڱ䣬˱˼ϣ˾ܰҶңҶ뿪Ƴǣи֮
ҵȷš
üͷһ˼һᣬܾ˾˿²ܰ㡣
ΪʲôҶһҲ⣬ӦˣΪβϼȡ
һжйأĪҶԶûж˵£ɻ󲻽ؿҶʵ
Ҷҡҡͷʱȷп϶ɣҶʱ䷢ܶ飬һʱҲ˵֮ٸ˾˵˾˿˵˵¡
ȻǹùõĶӣ
һ࣬Ԫþԡ
һɣ˸Ŀ⣺Ҳʱ춼ǵһŮү⣬һжƽѡһλ꿡иһڴϣⱻүײ۴һ̰ɫ˲ͱò˭֪ڶףǵʵ۵ĵܵܣŵӣ񶼳ǵƿߣֻܴӦ£˭ӣҳߣΪ˲ð֪ߣǾþ취ӣ㸸ףమˣɵ֪ҳߣһڽҪ̵ꡣ
أҶľȻ֪뿪Լ͸ףҪ֪ȥ
ҴȥƳǱҶңҶҽʱҶ峤Ϊ˴£Ҷҷβͻŵ֪㣬֪ǿƺ󣬾͵͵뿪Ϊ׷춼ǣϧҴƷͻ˳Ƴǣǰ۲֪ĵ֪кӣһ֮·̵꣬Ϊ˼壬ȥۣûΪһҪŹңҪһӹ¶һΪ˲ѪɺӣȻӦֱ񣬻ʮҲֻһ档渵ÿ˵һ仰ͳ鶯һ£˸ŭ
ԭˣһжˡ
Ҷսȭͷվ


45 
СȣҪʲô
ͻȻվ˲Ҷǰɭɭĵ
ʲôȻҪȥӪһԲҶȷ߷ߵĵ֪ĸ׹һӲڻȦ
֪ʵ飬ΪӣԺοʮ»̥Ѫ㣬ȻҪġ
Ϊһ֮࿴óԶòҼˣǧȥϣ˾˺ûȳϧμƻʧܣЩۼ壬Щһֱ¼ŭ׼λһܵǣҶҲҪ֮֡
κʹ࣬ҶԳܣȳһҶİΪ֣ɲТܲТҲҪȥ
Ҷ鲻Խѿڶĸ׵걣Լ͸ײǣԸһʹ࣬ΪԼ뾡취ΪӣظŸĸ󣬳Ź¶ڣǱĸʱ
ҵ˵ĶԣȾȹùãߣҵУοأҲԼжٽΪã֪ô
ڿȥ˶Ԫأ
أɱС磬ãҶû֣ɼһߡ
൱ѵأѹˣز˵һ䣬ҧ촽¿һԡ
˾ˣ֪ΪҺã̶ѨҲҪһ׼̫ʢӣҶû˿һݣϵҶӵгʶǰػǸӣûҪ֮һʶ
ˣү²á
һλͻȻ⣬ͷֹ档
£˫ۺƺʲô
˼æش𣺡ҷڽǣҴϴѺȥǸܷŹ¡
ͻȻվ֣
Ҿǰ׼Ҵ֣ܵ׼Ҽ鷳ȥһ°ȫԪӦʵ
үҪСЩҪһͬڳȫҺλͫ˸Ŀ⣬Ȱ˵
ԪˣѾСɣǰϡ
ԪδȥҪģܴϣҲöӦĿһҶȣȻԪ
áԪЩ߰ɨһҶȣȻûвмһˣҲЩ뿪
ҶȳһЦףڿʵȷʵһ㣬ԪʵҲϿɵģʮ۷壬ʼưͬΣʵɾǿߣ¼ݺ޵С
Ҷ˾飬Сʵɲ⣬ܽ˸öӡվſڣοЦݡ
ɣʵ㡣
һ⣬һʮ˰Χʮֲ¡
Էλǿ߰һλʮĳ߲ڽ£һɰԵó߶ãƬΣա
ס֡
˳һ˳һͨԪʮ˸ЩвٶɣҶҲС
ҶӣϹҧˣҼҵˣôҪɣҾʹȥˡ
ӪУһʮĳ˵ԣϢǿɸ֣Ȼ٣û˿¡
磬µģҪУ鷳¾ҳ棬ˣԷ֪ϸö
ҶȿԷĻضԪ
磬ҪȥܣԳԿͷﲻǳƳСطʶҲͦãĿˣ۾ͷƵġ
һֱҶȣϾżһΣݣδҶȵԳּƴ󣬽ҪҶȺÿԪҲûҶȶһңȴض£Σʱ򣬻Ҫ
ëͷСӣ
ˣҶλΪ߳Ǹӣһʱ䣬Ц
ಣ
һӰҶ֪ǰ˲𿪴ˣѸײڶ֮ƴɻصԭλ
˳ž֪ʲôˣֻоһ𣬶ƷɣȻػصⷽӪ
鷢̫⧲ҡҵʱû׹ؼλģһҲûν֪
Сӣ֣С
λʮΪľͷȻԼһʦݣ֣ͷſֲҶϮ
ſ¡
ҶȲ˴Ϣᣬңˣ׼ͬһ֮һ԰ԵֱҾͷֲ
ֻҶȴݲȡڵһָһָҾͷ¸λͷӦʲôٶûУ޿־ؿҶĨȥĳͺ⡣
䣡
Ҿͷ޹̱֮أһɷɢߣǵѵλҾͷڲһغ£ܣһΪȻϣûоΪԶ޷С
һλ̫ϳϣȻһͱȥһΪ
˲䣬˺һƬྲЩвʿƽҲʿ˽⣬ҶȰҾͷȻ֪λͷжֲҶ£û߳һͱܣȻ䣬ҶȱǾΪˡ
ϣɶ񣡡
ҷɳλɾͷʮأһɾأλ񶼳ǵǿߡ
ſ°ɡ
ƺҶԶֻһ仰ޱ飬ǿ߾ߣĿһУӲһ̤һ޷ܵ˲Χٰ˺ʮλǿû뵽ҶȾȻǳ֣Ҫ֪˼ӵһսʵ
䣡
ȻһգŷںȻҾͷѷᶼûУҶسɳߣһ̤𶯣ָͬ¸ʱһһڵУҶȾһħһɱ˲գ۵ħͷǸ߸޷սʤħ
ʣµĶءͨߣʱǲ֪ˣλͷƬ̼޵ֿ֮ͱ˷ȥΪǣֻ֣·һ뷨ͬǲ㡣
ѷȥɣ˳ϲһ仰ԺҪп׼Ҿȫ壬
Ҷ粻ۣԵǿᣬ˷˷Ǿ£ֻз·һ
ҵһţ̧λһϢľͷǱˡ
˾˵һκ£һΪκ£Ҳǣҡ
ҶȻޱȺ⣬˲ʧ˺
ǿ
ҶߺԪֻ˵һ֣Χˣһֱöĳ
λǧС㣬һֱҶȸղǾǿ᳡֮С


46 ҹ
ȻλǿߵΪһغϣ
´ʱȫۼһã£ǿ϶Ԫվ룬ҶȳַȥͷḶ́©˵˳
ڳǿߣһϣмʮصİ׷ߣһӵмʮǿߣһ塣
ǣЩʮسߣѾ˵֣ͬΪһΪĺ£߲һȫȥΪһ壬ôֲĴڡ
Ⱥˣǻ˼ǧľʲôûԽ弶նǿУǾûġ
һССҶңȻӲҶҽܽҶҴСҲҶңҶҳҶô˵֪Ǹǻ
һλ׷ʮߣź룬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
һλ治˵ģҶұ׼ңֻǵ׼ƣòҶҳ֣ڵҳֲأֻ˲ɱˣҲûдҶҵʱˣشҶҶŲͻʮأնɱɸ߽ǿߣʱ׼һͷ𣿡
໰ǲñ𼱣Ҷҹͨһ£ҶҳãǿʩԮ֣òҪ׼ַһжҶȴɳٴӳۡ
һλ治˵оݣ΢΢
СȴȥΣգӵеɾǿߣҾү۱ǵɾ෴侲ˣʱĵȴӿֹ
ҹȻ٣˶񶼳ǵƻԻͣʾǵķҹ
񶼳룬ȻǸģ£Էͨǽ졣
ңԷĸ򣿡
ǽ䣬һŻµ˾ȻƷһʿĮȻʵֻҪңȻŹ㡣
ǡ
ʿԺɱʶؾ֡
꣡
Ťӣһغƹ£˾Ȼûɽʿģ½״Լϣٰѽʿ뻨仯ɽʿģˣֳֳìɭȻسзȥ
ãʿӪȻһλĽŮ˻죬ʿιŮֱʽһֶֻͨûģսϣ߳Ӫ
˵Ҫ¼㡣
֮ڣһھһƻ͸ĹһλʮꡢִϢȺ꽫죬ҹڷͼʱһλС߽档
꽫컺վüۼһɻ󣺡˿ӦڳǽѲӣˣ
ǡС˺С뿪䡣
Ƭ̣뷿䣬ͫһĨ⣬̴ǰСҪҪ潫˽ͨŮҪǱү֪ܵͷ
꽫ƶȻ󵨣˭
ݣ
ǰʱͻȻӰһһֱָ꽫üģ͸ԡ
㡭㣡꽫첻ĵźžʹȥңԼС
ͻȻƱɭ䣬ģȻҶӣ꽫쿴仯޶ڵϳһʬ塣
һλȻӵɰΪ򵥣Σķ
Ҷ˵꣬ʩչ׹ǹû꽫ģսףȡ¹ǽϵ䵶ƣ򿪷ŶСͼȥԷ
СҶ̸Ҷȳҹɫµȥ
ˣ˵Էŵүǰһλӡ
߹ţСҶȳһǽԷȥ쵽ԷʱСĶҶһ
ҶϢŨĵЩţ֪
Сʱڹ߶ܶ๬йͨ˵£⺮Է˵סһλʮδš
֪ĵ١Է£ҶһСС˲Դԣ֪
Ҷȼſʿֵڣɱˣһʿ룬ҶֱԽǽϣ뺮ԷƺϣͬʱҶҲһտձܳʱԷӡ
Էܴ󣬵ֻһЩԺͼɽҶѾή䣬ԷڵҶڹԷģȻһ¥ֱ۴ֵ¥ƾյ¥Ҳסֻ·õĴ
Ҷŷһһһ߽¥ּֽһֻŲסһϸߣûκ춯ҶҲûӦף¥֮£ͻȻӴĵͳĵĿ
סˡ
ͻȻۿرģҶڿն𣬳ڴǰ͸¹⣬ҶȿиӰڵϰȻƶûС
˭
˸о쳣תվ򴰻ԥһᣬߵǰ̼䣬һǡЩ׵ճɫС
ǣ־˲ᣬüʵ㡭ǲǸģ
ҶҲ̲סѿڶ

һЩεϸ˫ץסǰϸҶȣϵ£Źκһôϸô׺ͣȶҵȶ
һǣܽ˼֮Ȼ
ԭȶТڲ㡣ҶȴܽϿԼģٻɣǰĸס
Χס
ৡʮλͻȻӺҹɳ¥ܣҶΧʵʵ
ܽɫ䣺ȶЩ뿪үͰвúã֪˾˻㸸׳ףߡ
Ȼˣ᲻һߡ
ҶȻأһλλˣɱ죺ȥ·ߣһҪǵѪ׶ֱ֮ࡣ
ͷλˣүҪڡ

ڣһӰͻȻ֣һ飬һֱںţλɾǿߣ
źš˳췢ö档
ͣ
Ѫ죬ҶȰγ䵶飬ǰͼ޼ֵֻӵһ߾ʬ塣
үѾ֪ϸϵΧסүǰ
ʮ˳֣һУλͷߺȻʮأÿϢǰǿ
ȶߣүֶκ
ܽ˺ѷεĿ޺˫ץסĸ⡣
ҲҪȥҪѪϴʲô׼ңһþүѪծѪעҹҪѪϴ
ɫ£Ҷһ˵ᵶ죬Ե޵УǰЩȻǿߣһ㣬ɱɱˡ
ÿСӡ
ͻȻһۺ
ţǧʿѹԷΧסһλۡŵʮλǿߺʿԷ
ҶƽĮȻĿݵĿԳ֣ҶЩ⣬û뵽ү۵ЩϢ
񶼳ƿߣȨķߣ׼Ҿүۡ


47 ɱ¾
ƺû뵽ᣬҶƺʲôЦܽˣӰɣҰΪү߸ϣûŮ˲̴ӱȻүñӴãղҪ׽֣һҪңҳǸҺ޵ˣʬΣ
ŹҶܽƴź޸֮ѳ
˭֣͡
˶Ĵϣ˷֮ɫƺڿһϷ
ϡ
Χʮ˷׷ǰǲóȻ֣ΪڵѾŲͬʬ壬ҲСҶȣȻأȴɱɾصʵ
ͳͳµɡ
Ҷɱ䵶ֺ֮£¹УɱҫһжҪΪ
ظе𣿡ڳʮ˰ҶȾˣŷһؤ˻λϳԵ˴
žһͨ𵴣Ͽ֮һʱ䰧ҰҶȺᵶ֮ѪĽϡ
һλλ˵ѪУ󲿷ֶʹ˫Ѫ죬־嵽㣬ϼ鴤ֹ
ɱ
ʣʮλˣһϢȣ֮ŷǱˮ׾ޣȻȻ˳һɱ
֮УΪΪأǿߣʮأǷŷܹѵһ£ͬĮ
ಣͬʱɱҶȣͨ龳ͨ飬ع֮ͨ˵ϸԪڿ͸أ޴Ԫغ󣬷׵̺УֻҪоԪغ󣬾ͿԿʼԪӶƿԪй
Ҷһƽ˳ΧȴɫȻܿƲֿռҶѧӾ۵úܡ

ҶΧһԶʱ˾סбһʱ˸䣬ҶΧʵʵİ󵶸һ˿ռ䣬ҪҶء
ĸʿһһػҪǿ󼸷֣ؾնɱǿߣֻϡ
Ҷɱһζʧһȭɨķǿ˲ҳһࡣ
ôһɱҪɱá
˲ɱˣҶɨܣٺ˼ʿ飬ѪȻҶȸ߸߾˫֣˫֮佥һУзתγɱԺ뱩ߡ
ٶ
һֱһ׸׺ɫ󶦳˫֮䣬͸ŰԵս·նɱħԵ
үأȻʩչزӵеֶͨΣǸ϶вȻǹ
үԣͻȻ߳һλˣ沿ڣֻʮ߰꣬üëȴף֮ͫ͸Ϣ
⼸һֱûɶȤ£СӺ˼ǧҪģҪҳϵܡɢ
أΨа
Ҷȸ߸ǰȺݺ˹ȥЩ˺һʩչֶͨΣһ㣬ֻѧƤûеһ£ͷŹȥ
벻һĻˣй԰û˿ãۿŰһƬ˲䱻ը𣬶ʱɣѪ䣬ذһһƿҳһ޿ӡ
ű۰ȭ
Ҷǲ˴ϢᣬȫѪӿڱγɾˮͰֱִȭ֮ǰһҲһ֮࣬ҶɢȭѪӰɼ˷
䣡
ˡʿҲû뵽Ҷͷŵͨ˾ˣУֻʮԲǿ߲ŻӵֶΣӦһȭȫʬʬűըĴء
ڰȭƻ£ԺǰȻղŻˣڶꡣ
ȭַҪӵĺˡʿûᣬȭȫ֧飬תۼ䣬˱̶ܲͬȵˣʣµ˵
ۺ񣬾һħͷһޣʿ
üһץӺ󷽾֮зɳˣûһоֻľ
ʿһЩˡʿ侲һԶԶģþֲˡ
һʮءûϢ໹ھѪҲȣӦǻˣˡĪǱʶ־壬ǻˣһ߱˲ݵĿܡ
罩ʬҶһ뵽ʲôаִ⣬Ǹü꣬оʮֹ졣
ŪˣҪġʿһ̣ڴϵľүЩͷĺߵ
ü깪һаЦ˷ģСзִ硣
ԽȥԽҲնɱ꣬ǾүۣȻ뿪Ҷϸһ룬𱳺ȭ
ϡüħֲЦٴδһץʿӰҶɱ

ʿ뿪һ˲䣬ҶԭһʿϰһɲǣҶһұǸʿԴˣҶһȭԱǸʿ䴩
õٶȡʤȯյü꣬һº٣ͫ˸Ŀ⣬ƺû뵽Ҷǿֵز
һơһȭնɱʮǿߣֻʮ۷ǿֻ߲пɾǿߣſ
䣡
ֻҶȺһʣʿɣûжҲûʹ࣬Ҷȸȥչһ
ҵȶ
¥ܽȻû뵽ԼĶӾȻǿᣬһ·նɱǿߣеĲѣÿĿ⿴ʱǲͣ
ɱʮɡ
үۺȻ£ֳԴܽܽļ֣Ҫ׽š
Ҳң
ʿҶȺްƣ෴ԽսԽᣬϢˣŷغףҶü꣬˲ȥ
Ǹ̥ʿһʱһһʵҲǰɲ֮նɱˡ
üҶȵǿˣ飬ߣ֪λүʵжֲжǿڣڣֻӲͷƤһƴ˵үȡ
ССϣүǰ
ü۸ߺȻɱҶȡ
Ҷȭͷ죬üֲһƣŷ羵ƬһҪѡ

һ£üϾȻ⾪ϲЦûгգʱ䣬Ϳ־˫ۣҶһգһɹѪֱ۽÷飬塣


48 ˵
¡
Ѫɱ£üûз֮ҲûлߣǲѪһɿֲǣס޷ֻԼΪࡣ
üҲʮأܿʮʿ֤ʵλ֮УҲһλںʿиǸ߸ϣһνɾк޵֡
ǵ߸ţܵ߸򣬾ͿԽնɱǵأҪһ̤飬죬ôҪƣ񣬾ҪɣҪɣ֣߸
ǹ
˸߸ϵü걻˲ɱһ࣬ڳ˭˲£˭˲壬ǶɱĹ֣ҲûôѪԵɱʽУʱҶȲ˼䣬Եһߡ
ҹҪɱֻһˣүۣ˭ңҾɱ˭һٶ
ҶɱۣʶҪˣڲٵʱ䣬ѣٴѪֱӳڰǰʮλʿأҲأأʮҲнʮˡ
֮ǿߣκһ壬һҶôۺĨɱ׼ҡؼңΪƳİ
䡭
ԺӶ𶯣˼֫պɣҽڶҶи߸ϵɣһ㷴ûС
ЩʿǿߣվǰҶȣػɱʮأݺ޵У޳Ѫ¯Ҷʵһ󺣣ʮؿ˲ɱɱ٣һֻǰס
ү
һѰΧסǰγһȦȦǽľ죬ǾҲз־ֻܻš
鳾ȻҪµɡ
ʿٷ࣬Ҷһţ˫һ֣һ޴γɣȥ
䡭ʿɢᶼûУƬ̳Ϊ࣬԰ΪģΧѾһز֫塣
ۣ
ñըɢʿ޷֮ʱҶһ޴ȭӡֱӺȭӡƿնڲƿ֮ŷж顣
ү
ʮǿ߼ȭӡƿնΣգʶȥΪʱǱʾҳϵʱ̡
̫Բˮнȭӡ֮£赲ӣͱȭӡХϯ۲һԶ
˵һү۾Ȼ֣ʳָֻһָȭӡһ֮⣬ȭӡȻը԰Ϊľұߣһʿɣ˲ɱʮ
˲䣬Χһǿʮǿ߱ҶնɱǿߣֻʣٴӿĽʿ
ۣȻǵɡ
Ҷǰüͷһ⡣
ۻվ𣬶˲仯Ϊ촷ۣԭҲʿһ÷飬ǰסûк۵Цǰүر߽ȨųϣͻƵɾ˵ɶء
ɶء
һİϤĴҶԺ֣ٵɣ᰷ڷǺۡЦģа׼ү׻棬Ƕǵɾǿߣ߲ʣվҶǰǿУҲǵɾ
ҲȡܣúҪ㿴űôŪĸףҶңϧģαҪҶ塣۰аЦŷҪйŭ
ΪҪҶң
һ˵ҶͻȻ侲оΡ
ƺҶ֪һУУѵҶǼȥˣҲ֪ҶѾãһֱ׼ҴѹҶңǷֹҶٴγΪǧǰļͷﾹұ˽ͨҪҶңǵŹͶ֣׼ؼݲҶңñԶ֣ҶҲ塣
ĪһǺǸܣ
ԺһҶƺͷȴץסʱѾûʱȥ룬һɾϢɢ
ȶӣǵɣɾϲְ
ܽץסứ£źȫǵġ
߲ˣߣԳ֣ҡ
۹Цţ徹Ȼͻأԭʧֻǲգ۹򣬰۾ҶȺ󷽣Ҷȡ
þ˵ٶȣԼ׻壡
Ҷ׼ȴûϵٶ֮죬ѾȫԽٶĶ֡
԰۵ɾҶٶûƣ޷ӳһƣҶҲһҲȫԣֻʩչȭ̬ס
Ҷȵ޵ðȭٶ󹥻̬󣬾Ͱгȭ̬ϣȻףΪףҲ壬ֻһܶȼߵķ̬
ͣ
һƣڣڰϣֲһӣֱƿףҶȺ󱳡
ڰǰ񼦵һһļ飬磬ʵ񣬾ȻֱƿҶֶΡ
ڰ۾ҶȺһ̣󱳾ȻѪ죬һȥ
ҶȱԶ廹վţ˲ѪתŰۣоǵȷʵСɾڵɾǰԴ󣬺֮ǵɡ
СӣȻûſ£վţȻǾţδɾڵɾܲµģɵһˣ԰ӴˣǱļƷһɱģ˵֮ȸղ͵ƾҶˡ
ǿҶȲ£ǵɣҲҪһƴռ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾûʵҪҲûлᣬȫԸпܱնɱ
Ѫ壬ռɲǼ䣬ĪͷŻΪѪ죬ÿһÿһǶѪͣ۷壬Ī͸оԼɣƥصҪɱˣ޷ѹɼɱ¾
ҹ£
շܲſֲչָҶץȥ
ȭ
ȻƣҶȴһʱ鶼Ѫ˿Ѫջǿʱ̡
¡
һȦ֮伤俪ռ𶯣ײʿѪը
ĹȻΪܵסȫһҲš
ɢȥҶȱףЩ״γֽɫĵͻȻиŵͷоǰص꾹Ϣͷۺһ޽һɳ
ȫһ֮£ɡվ޽ҶȣҶһ
ȶдܽ˺ѷξ
ಣ
԰ǿƹҶȱ˵վȶ⣬˵㣬ʮ侲ڵȴ۸ЩͻȻüëһתɼ״ӵӰɳ˲ƿ۵ɶۺŰһ
ɶ񰡡㾹Ȼɶ񣡡
ʱû˸߸ϲһھֲѣɶرֱӹҲɡ
öǿϢԲ𣬶㣬ʱһҪѪɺӣժ°ͷ­
ҶͷѪԱٶԽǽҹһ˲䣬öɼҲʧҶƬҹС
үĴѲɱ֣ҪˣҪʬ
һ䣬ʮλľǿ߸ϵһʮأм˾Ȼһǿߡ
ţмλ֣߳⼸λ߾Ȼ͸űȰۻҪǿϢƬɱҶȡ
⼸λǿɫ£ʼһİΧסͷʼΪƣ˶ʱɢѰҶټ
Ҷ
ܽļڵأŴҹһֱ


49 Ѫȷ
ʲô
񶼳ǣһصĹϸۡ
վǰ˵ʲô󾪣һ˼飺СӣɱЩɱүۡ
̽ӵҶһħͷ˾ɱɱʿʮʮǿߣۺպյҲ˻ԣ񶼳ǼλۿҲڽӣͨѲ顣
ѰҶȣҪˣһҰһ
һץסη֣һһ뿪ֻʣ࣬򶫷ѾһĨ˸ɽ¥Ҫˡһ塭һСȡ
ͬһʱ䣬񶼳ˣϵ壬µ䣬Ѫϴһ£컹δʿ񶼳ķΧˮйͨʿڸĿն飬ֻҪʿܹ˻пɣɴɱҲɷŹһԭ񶼳ץʿֵĻ̡̻
񶼳Ǳ춼ʳǣʿͱȱ߽СǶ࣬ڴʱܼʿץһͨʿҲֻܴڼŲ꼰أΣ
ʱԳ׼жǿ˸ҷҲֻĬĬӵܶץˣֻ
ֱ磬ץû˿෴ԽԽأ֪ʲôطðǿߣǾΪϣǽ֣ѹģ񶼳ӵвټ壬ƽЩ嶼߸ϲһҲҷ԰׼ǿƣûƢԣΪе򣬶Ҷ֪ү˲˭ʱǹײ
ߣ˭ҷ׼ң³
񶼳ϱ֣ͨ÷˪ʮλŵӣʿͽʿڴֽһ̨룬ŭضһʿ´ɱ
ʿʿסԴ˵Уͱסλֻӵ𣬵䣬ͷڵϹȥƤڷ
˸үţߣͨ˭Ҳ䣬·һ
ͷɱյͷ־ΣʿҲҺ׼ǿƣֻ͡
٣Һ񶼳ǣΪһ΢֮½д롣̨֮ϣͨվ԰˵
÷ҵҲ;С
÷˪û͵ʣӵһһʾڰ׼һӵ֧֡
Ȼؼںܵſأֵ÷ˮ𣬵׼һǧžͷӵ޷ڰ׼ҵλߣƽʱ嶼Ҳ׼ʹϵĻᣬʱǱʾĵʱ̡
竹ӣҲ֪ƣһһͷߣҼλڸ񶼳·ϣǵɾسǿߣҲɳϡ˭·һ
泤ҲҪ
ͨЩŵӣʱɫ˲䡣
үǧų֮һ׻棬ڷӵɱȨνһ֮֮ϣųϣڳеλǳߣ޵һ磬½ţ˭˸ҷ
׻һˣа׼ү󽫣Щ˭Ǹ߸ϣķ񶼳ǣΪĲǰۣǰ׼Ȩ׼ҾȨϡ
ΰ׼ҿǶ񡭡硭
һ¥֮ϣԪŴСĵҡ÷Щ˶ǼʹСˡ
ɱߣȥѰܡԪĿľѰҶȣð׼ҵҶһɡ
磬û뵽ҶȱôǿȻѰ׼ҽüȮίʵ£ܽţһϣŵλҲһȡԪ¥ԺһֱҶƽòþ޷ɢȥ
񶼳ƿߣүѪϴͬϢһ´ΧǳҲֵ÷зһʱ䶼˭صô󣬸׼ַ
ⳡѪȷķ籩£񶼳ǣһµ·ڡ
˿̣Ҷһ˴磬ڴʩչѪ壬Ѫ¯ԪѪ
ȴһ˼촽ĬĬ䶯ŷҲû뵽ɾ˿ֲɾֱԿԽĺ蹵۵ǿӲޱȣԣ纣ȣʵ޷˺ذɼڰʵΣա
ԽսǿߣǾԽȺ嵱껹ҪɫζսۣԵɾҲһָ򣬶Ժ档΢΢
ߣ֣Ҳ֣ɼ֮£Ҫʵȥȳ
ĿǰҪˣĸ֮ʱǣΰ˵Ժ϶ᾯ䣬޵õɾˣʮǿ󣬵ͻƵɣ뱾Σʱɾкξ塣
顭ҶȰ˷ܡ
ζսۣҶȶþҪԣУˣǷ˲ת
Ҷ侲ĵѪһգһսѾȫԶսɣԶǵһأֶؾҲֻʧܣ֪һ֮ܲڴͻأʱҵʵֻᷭ
أһسƿؼϢ䣬ܼԦȻֻǶһˡ
ػ׶Σ棬ûʵʩչͨйؼԦֻ̤һõ֮С
ҶԴӵõʯѾʯϢıκη涼ԶˣвѪϹ湦Ҷȸˮһ
ΣյĵطԽȫ˭Ҳ뵽һҪݣָʵȻȥɲ磬δԼԲŹҺˣڰˣ֪ʲôʱ˶֪ݣʱϼ壬ʱ䣬Ҫָʵϻؼ壬תƵȫط޺֮ǣԼ֮¡
һҶ̳֮С
Ҷʩչ׹ǹˣһ˲ߣҶʱǰȫģҲ֤ûеɾ
ʱҶģҶȰ£ϾڷŲѪ¯ȼգҶȻָٶȿľˣһҪ½һʱָܻҶֻҪ켴ɡ
ҶȷѪ¯ǰͣȣѪսҶһ룬ÿξȫսʵԺҪǿ߽֣ǶԾĸǶԾ
Ҷȱڼ䣬񶼳һĻĻѪȣ׼Ͻʮ壬ǧʿ񶼳ԼܱҶӰһ񣬵̫Ҿ磬׼û룬˳ӣڲǰ׼Ҷ֣ĳһ죬ܻƷ׼ңʱ׼Ҿʸ֮ģ˺
ʮ죬Ҷ뿪͵͵Ǳңһ棬һѪϴһһҪұ䣬ҲãҶֻһű뿪ˡ
񶼳Ǵ֣̲ʮϸ񣬴ƽʿŹҶˣû˸еӼ飬˭Ҳ벻һ˻ɰ˵ľ֡
ۡ´ʱ֮ʱȡͷ
Ҷ߳ǽתһ񶼳ΡǽһЦʧ˺֮Уûκ˷֡
û˼ҶȾͼӿٶȸɲǣʱȣܵҶȻһ߸·һУһ·⣬ҲԱ֪֮Զ񶼳ǣ̤ɲǵؽ硣


50 
ɲǣ䲻ǣҲǰΡ
ɲǵһλһλ棬ɱ飬Ϊ춯أɲ֮ƣֶҳΪʱͷĳ˰׼ңʵǹϵģΪɲλߡ
ԴɲҲʷ̨ǧż壬Ȼι̣Ȼƿɲǣѹ塣
էȻȥɲһͷʨڹޱߵԭҰ֮У£ŷڳ˯
ҾͲˡ
ԶɭǰҶɲǣоƯеҶƮޣӴóµͨ壬΢΢עһҶǰȻʯϿʼ
ɲڣһ
γΪʽӣвɸ߰Ҫ̣˴ߵˣǳƳҶң
رºԺ¥һò޵ٸ裬ٸƽǾֹǰ
ŴݵۣǸرۣǰҶһĻĻӰһԺǳƳҶңҲţֵΪȣôǳԴ忡ܡ
ٸڣǧСҶңҶʷƳҶȲϣ׼Ҷ磬ڼǧǰҶ£½ȼսڼһƷҶҴȨа׼ٮٮߣŵԽİ׼ңҶһֱз֮ģֹҶ׳󡣡
ŶҶҾȻд˱ֲֵй쳣·Ȼ̾
ֵҪúദǸĥչޣԽնɱʮǿߣԺǷǧŵĴߵ·ܳ
֪׼һֱѹǣҺðؼңɱʱҵĻᣬˣǰӾү񶼳ɱ˵ؼҰжֽš
ؼҲݰ׼֮ƣûǸʵһΪؼģȴˣֵ÷зɲҲܵڰ׼ڳڵѲ飬ɼ׼涯ŭˣΪΪ峤ʱֻѡ˳Ӱ׼ңܷ־̲ܳɴ£Ҫѧϰĵط
ˡ
ĸ̵ʱȻһɫϲֵϢǿӦڳ⡣
ٸȥɣ;еЩǧ׼ҽһҶԸ⣬ϣҴ֣ҪǿԮ
ǣ¹ڳתȥҲĸ˼ͬһΪҼ̳ˣǰӵ
ɲ⣬һ֧ڻԭͷʮڽʿһɱ֮ͷţͷһ֧սʿ
ӦþǰΪֱֵܲӽңɭԽԽüͷٶȥ
硭
ӰƿշȥҶվڻʯ֮ϣ֣΢΢ɣʮָˣ˰ʱڼˡ
ڴԵƬ̡
һԾ£һӣţԭش̳ҶȥȲҶȣֵܣһ²Ϊ־ˡ
ҲԸΪʽӣϲ
ҶĻ󿪣ʯ£Ҷóһö䣺ֵãֵܣš
䣡
󾪣ȴû£ָ̧֣׹һȻһöɫָָѰһСС֣ǰͨԣΪʽӣҲͣⴢҲ֮һ
ͻƾʮҲȻڻ£ΪɣҪǿöšҶ䣬ְһó
Ʒ
˫ôģŰ͸ƷңҲֻŶѣֵôõģ
ϴߺ󲻾ãֵȥϽɽΧһ⣬˭뷢һżЩ͸ղö䶼ǴõģֵԼţһŸ磬ϣԲɡҶȰУ᲻֪ƷƷѾѵãοƷ׼ңؼңҲûмš
ҶȻҲҪԼ᰷ڵݣҪǱţ֪Խ٣ҶԽҽһ·Ҳ
д˾ҩҽɾȵ¡
Ҳµҩֵ̾ʱ䷢ܶ飬ֵüչƺ˼
μ硭
ͻȻҶվȭ磬ֵǰϣһľصطѲ˴ӳƳǨǾ죬һЩҶҿҪΣա
׷£˵һ㡣վסҶ˫֣УоҶĸʵǿᣬ˱飬ǴҲˡ
Ҷȵͷ˼Ƭ̣üʵǰֵȥһ񶼳ǣѰ䣬˭뱻ү۹ֵһݣ͡
ֵܾѪϴ񶼳ǵˣһëֱ¾شҶȣҶȾΪˡ
񶼳粨˭ڲ²ķΪ벻һֻʮ겻ߡ
էȻҲò˼飬侲ϸһ룬ۼҶԽնɱͼޣǿʮأɱ˭˿裬ǰҶȵ˹ϾҲûҶʵжֲ˵ɾصİۣһЩš
ʲôжٴӵеɾǿߣУؼҡ׼ҡҡҡ÷ЩУжӵеɶǿߣһ룬Ҷɱκһ壬Ǿ֮ܡ
β𾪣θţôǿţһǽţ߲񣬶Ҷȣһ壬ȫңʱŷӲʶǰֵܡ
׼ѰңɱҲɣұļ壬ֽү˲ѣ԰׼һȷǺΪпʱ֮ǰұҪ޺֮ǣȾˡҶڻüͷȻʵǿûɼףɾһضûаա
֮£׼Ҹڶ࣬ү׻棬ǿһǿߣɼף׻ҪɱҶȣҲһֱǰס
ȷʵϣһ־һΣգãͻȥֵһǡҶȣ׼
ڱϻؼ壬һãϸƳǣڴһУֻҪ˰Σãǰ׼ˣҲɱˡҶȿӦôʹ죬֪Ҷһ˿ϣˣ£ѾﲻæҶҲֻһѡ
ʹ˷ֱֵܻȥŰɣһѴ°ãֵܱء
תɳ۶ȥϣϱɲǸȥڲãأһβۡ
ҶҲɣɲǾƳǧҶʵȫ·һʱѡ
ǣһƥֺ֮䣬ʱҶѾ뿪ɲǵؽ磬ǳطֽ㣬һСΪ򡱡
شǳؽ֮أϼķʿǳضòֹ˸ܵش
Ҷ·Ҳ뵢󣬵һرǿϢڲǵɾϢҶһǹϢƳǶȥҶȺܵģĪǰˣݱ¶Щǰ׼ȥƳǶԸҶҵĸ֡
Ϊ˽ҶǰѾ˷Ҷһƾɲ̺Ȳ裬ȻŰɫң۵˳֡
һŷûкòֻϡӥĿ⣬Ჽ¡
ŵĽɱ֣СЩ
ϰˣʱɫһ䣬ԸСЩ
ţ
Ҷɱа룺ǳƳǶȥʱȥƳǡϴεŷؼ׼ҼƻģڳƳǣ׼ҡؼӦǺϵҶҵˡ
ΣԽԽ⣬Ҷʱѡ񾲹䡣


51 նɱ
λ׼ʱ
˸£ֻһλѮߴӲ߳кȻ˷ǰ¡
˺Ϥ
̽䣬ҶߣȻЩ죬ԽԽϤǰҶüͷͻȻһظһλϣص࡭Ǵˡ
سϣҲʱ
ɱˣȻȡ¶ңһˣüе̺ۣѰ̣ŷǱʲôҺʴɣԻ߰һЦŷ˴֮ʶ
ߺܽܣǰοǴ⡣
⣿Ϸ˵ⲻִСһҲɱһҲɱϷУ϶ѡ̺ڨڨЦ
˸Էŷ¿ɱ⣬Ҳ־ˣ˵СһҶңɻǵã
ȻǵãϴĿҶ峤ҶԶڽư38λ⴨ӵ񣬲⴨ǰһѾԽϷ35λ˵ɣϷʲôƺϻֱʵ
ɫߺޱ鿪ڣҶҡ壬һһʣ
ȷСһҶΪߣҶԶѾˣҶҲ޵ɾǿߣһʮɶٵļ塭ûսԣ񣬿ٷڽưλҲ仯̺ˡٷ桱һʧΪɱ֣Ȼ񣬾ͲѶȣǳִҶң塣
ߣؼҹȻĺǡǰ֪ǵ嶼һҹʧô
Ҷȭͷ߬ýģȴûбֳκ״
ǰ˵ҶȷʵֵһᣬǰҲؼƣ׼Ѿ鸽ؼңѾƳ壬ֻҶңǰ׼ҵ׼ҰмҶңҶͱ׼ڰ׼æžүһ£ҶĿǰǳƳΨһؼҵĵˣؼұϽʯ
һ԰͸Ÿ߸ƣԽɱٷ棬Ƿ¼ӣι׼ǧ𶩻ᣬҪ¼尵ʾ²ֻа׼ңؼңҼСأ׼Ҳؼǰ˵һзؼҵĵˣͳͳҪ
ص࣬سϣϷ岻һأڲʮͻƵذɣͻƵɾأ׼Ұ׻ǵɾأа׼棬ǿǸ߽׵ɾǿߣأ͵ڰ׻£Ҳ߲һУسϸղǷ̫Կ֮˰ɣٷЩɻߣУؼҲ壬ֻǳţ񱩷ĿˣȻȥ
徹ȻҪɾأǵɾء
ҶȽüͷǰȻǶ֣ǵɾʮնɱ塣
ǰв֪ҼСǵɶأСԽնɱ߾ǿߡǰһϸڰɡصƺ̸£ʼ̸Ҷƻ
նҸ׳ֵҲǽɱ֣⴨󲻹ģ⴨ĽɱֱɣĺҲҪնɱȡ֮ͷ
Ҷȴʱ쳣侲ʩչѶԷ̸һ
һʱٷؼҳص̸صվȥٷɱֵ˵ʲô
ϰȥˣǮ׬
صӣܿϰͻƣ̨ǰóӷ£תһƶʱ߸ѹϣصûУ㱻̺ľ޴ֱԴһС
ص࣬ɾأڳƳǸ߸ϣѹҶҶ֮꣬Ҷȣ̰صƫѵ·ԼϣȻʩչ׹ǹصģ߳ݡ
ȥôáسϣ
ٷվڲ⣬صࡱ֣ٷһɭɭһ
ǰǸ·ɡ
ҶȿҲõȥȻ˵ٷһ̨£ʵҶ֪ؼʢԴɾŵɱ֣Ҳҹţ㡣
صࡱģٷһһӣλɱֳƳǷɳ۶ȥ
һʱһѾƳǵؽ磬صࡱȻһ⿿ٷ棬ֺõǰЩ˽ҪǰææȻǰװǰ׼
Ŷٷһ㶣һ⣬Ϊɱ֣ΪЧ̵ô˳ɱʲôģҲ˳ˮ顣
ٷ˷̵ôʱصࡱӴóһֻ͸źȴ˵ĲҩǺβݡ
ǡĪǴ˵еĺβݣñѽٷ۾ֱˣǵɾٱβȷʵһμ䱦ֻϹ鼮֮С
ǰ
صࡱѺβģҪݵٷʱصࡱͻȻɫһ䣬ƶȻ
ٷһɻ󲻽⣬ͻȻٷ壬ٷǿӲ壬Ȼ˲䱻жϳĶΣԴڿ׹ʱصࡱƾһ֣˲ٷԴץסһ󣬻Ϊࡣ
⡭
ɱֲ˼鿴šصࡱȡٷ洢䣬Ȼǣڡصࡱлһ״
ɱɫ˲䣺н
㡢سϣһ죬ΪΣұɱʵٷǼѪ⣬ľ
źؼҲϣҲ˵Ǻ£ҲΪɱؼַϾؼƴֻնɱǡҶһģ仯Ҷȱģ
ص֣࣬ɱ֪û·ֻһ
˶ǸոɹĵɣɣۣҲǵͽ׵ɣֻеز߽׵ɣ޵ö졣Ҷ֪˾磬ҲҴ⣬Ͼǽɵ
ݣ
ɱ֣ͻȻƾջ屦һʱѿվһ
ѱһ֣Ҷ۾ͽƷһ㣬ûڽ򵽵ݽƷʸߣõüʵ
ССأ͵Ϯɱٷ棬ҵ׼ɣ
ɱ˫һᣬɱڣӶƶһɹɵ֮ɢűնҶȡ
ȥ
Ҷȿɼףһɼͬӵĵ˽սĵһ
͡
ɼײһ𣬵ŷҪסӡɼףһᣬɼ׷нǿ˲ѣɱնѱײһ𣬷̶ײ
ԭҪ˴
ֻʮأҶȸоѪҪɼ׺Ĺ⣬ǣԷɱҲõȥͬĵ֮£ǶñҶռ˲ơ
ҪնɱѪ¯ȼڻһУ
ҶȰԵХӿ⣬ɼնȥɼ׵õۺʱӰһΧɱַɱֻ赲赲ҲӦ֣Ϊɼױһٶȷ
ȥǱɣСǸ̥أȻܿƷӵ˿
ɱԽսԽļ£Ժϳٷ³ʱߣʧȥƽ⣬ɼϯ˲ɱ
ֻµɣ
ɼҽɱֹɼƾʱһѪӰչ˫ָۣɢƣֱץסɱԴһͷ˲ͬʱѪʬ弤ա
䣡
ɱʬ˲أҶͬʱŵأͷ׿ȡеͽױѸɾȻʬͳͳ
ţ
ŪһУ׼뿪ȥҸطָ˭Ѫ¯Ȼȼڻ¯ڵȼգ壬ȼȻҶȸоͬʱȼա
һû뵽ʱͻء
Ҷȴϲ״̬ͻ״̬


52 
¯ͬʱʩչѪԪȼգͨͨΪ
ͻ֮ʱʱ̣أһ磬أͨأԪȵʱһڣ
ػΪͻأҪʼȻԪںϣʩչԽ
ӵгԽǧ̾У죬죬ȡ
Ҷȱ񶼳ѪսΪָΪ֮ǰ࣬˭ųɱּս׼ɼ׳䲻ɱɱٷ棬ֻ
δսҶԶǵɾʿɣԶʱʿɲǶ塢һּԦ̣ŷѧ·һµأȹһ̶ȡ
ν֣ǶҶҵⲻǾ磬ҲǼʶǶеĸ
Ҷû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼͻһ磬ĵѸٵõ޸ʵҲõҶʵػֹ
Ѫ壬һϹ湦аΪۻȡ߾ÿһƻԽǿ
ҶӵкںϣͰԵ棬ڷټϲѪ湦ʹҶÿͻһ綼һ˿ѣԽԽͻƣһͻƣǾǾ춯ء
ʱ˿̣Ѫ¯ȼգǰȣޱȣҶȶоЩ쳣ԽͣٶԽ죬һʰ˭Ҷȱˣ
ǰ֪ۺٱϧ޷ǵǿ߱ȼ磬һأһսҲв֮ɼ׶նɱ
λؼңԭΣأͻأĴ׼ҡؼҡ׼ңǵŰɡ
Ҷվֹͣоޱȣŷ󣬿ƳǷָһ˷Ѱʱ䣬Ҷʩչȫʧڴ
峿Ƴš
ʲô飬Ϸҳϣ
ʮλʿ֮£ȴܵ׼ʿ̲飬˭뱻ͷߴһ٣˭Ҳҷ
ĪҲμؼҴ磿
Ҷڶ֮Уʮʿʱ뵽ʲôĪ֪ͨսʿ̲飬Ǳǡ
ţ
һСͻȻй춯ҶһץһöɫģٷĴ䣬һ鿴춯
ߣٷȻ˷ӡϧѱնɱӡסң
Ҷͷ봢䣬֪һסϤȻٷ沼ãҶȴмЦǿӿ봢䣬˲ѷӡƣҶǿǰٷǵӡȴ㲻ʲô
ɫƣţ
ڶѻɽĴҶȷһɫƣ֣ʱһͷţҶ˲ܵһϢǿͬʱһ˲дҶԺ
Ϸ壬ҵɱѵƳǣؼϽֵ㣡
ԭŵɱӡɱ֣ǶǵһأȲٷ棬ȴǵɾǿߣ
ҶڶϽĶ鼮Ҳ֪ɱӵȼơơ֣ɱǵΪɱǵһأɱֵȼߣϣɱֻǴ˵ۼ
ͨ˵ɱѾŷɥĻ߼ɱ֡
߸ɱ֣ѵɱˣ
ҶӰ֮УΧ쳣˼ţɡҶңؼҡ׼ҶüɵôһʲƸá
ЩɱֶӦóҶҶͷٷѱնɱ˭Ҳ֪μƻΣأЩɱӡ
һȭǽϣҶתֱؼҷȥ
ؼңռųƳǰڽɽ
һƬϽ֣ȻϽ֣ȴܴʱһǽԺլ֮Умλͷɫҡ۵ɱڵˣǳĬԣ໥֮ͬ·ˡ
ಣ
ʱһӰ֣֮Ҷġٷ桱
Ϸѵ
Զ˶ʱվٷģߺһӷ߳λɱˣһˣλɱ˷׷ȡ¶ңһʱģҶǰ
Ҷ뵭ˣΪǸ̤ɲãȻһãǿ˲ȱݣҪôϵòУиֻжʮͷ꣬ᡣ
ǰҵȸϸȻֶܵɷ֪ʲô
һλʮɱĮȻʵȧͻ͸ɱ
Ҷƽڣ˴Ŀǰ豣ܣΪЩ仯ڴԭشһһ֪ǣڴ֮ǰҶǲǺ˽⣬ҽһ£֮ҲϤϤŶӵλΪжҲϣҸԸɸԵġ
һλ΢ֵɱվҽܣһһǸꡣ
ģƽûķرΪҲǿҪҪ˵رĵط¾˫۾ûɱֻĮŷû
ңռţĿǰΪֹֻ񡣡ƽ޲˵꣬ľͷһ㡣
񡭡뵱ͬŵɱӣ󲿷ǰ֮ˣһλɱ̾һɱ࿴
ңұ˵һ仰۾κһ˶ҪĮȻ
еر𣬺Ҳйµˣ޵õɣҲ
ҶȰаÿϼԺУֻҶĿ⣬ôϣһ޾ޣŷ͸ĳˣһ̶ϣҶЩơ
ҶȲ˵תլ
λٷǰȻ͸ΪʵǿԴʵڽƲʮλҪЩŬ
ǰô׽ƣҵȻǼӿ
Ҷȸ뿪ɱӾۣ˸ɢȥǸɱӣԿȽ䣬һԲ
ЩɱӸģ˽һõǡôǾһŶ룬ʱȡ
ҶһϣҶȱһ˺дУΰ߸ɱõϣ룬׼ңпܣ׼еɶǿߣУ׼ҲҪشۡ
գۼ䣬ҶȳҶŴ֣ȴֽմŽգҶܣȻڶҶһһ
Щ˿϶ؼ̽ӣɱֶҿţҶң롣
װŹ·գҶƵԺֺԺҲؼ̽ӣöԷŲߣҶȷҶ֮С


53 
񲻶ԣΪεعû
ƫԺعܿյҶɽǰһûУҶȴɻµعкȻе¶
ȻΣȴһ˶ûУҶҶҲˣֻ´ִǽϡ
Ҷ뿪عͷӦȻüͷһ壬գ۹ԺҶԶҶƽʱԺҶȷܵһֳʿ֮࣬вҶйӡ󣬶Ҷ顢Ҷͯ¡
λˣڤ粻飬ֻҶԶҶһͬµ
Ժ֮УҶԶҶ챻廨һѪƺ˼̣ǺʮУһɷΪõŲӣҶԶҶһһѪˣȻҶһ֪
ʱҶ顢ҶͯλҶڸ̨ϣԱҶ峤Ҷѷ˵Ҷѷһ࣬ҶǰĶϣҶףϣҶǺӡ
ҶѷֶΣŵľ˼ܲסվͶҶѷҶԶҶһ䣬һ仰Ҳû˵ƺ˱ѣҲ֮С
˿̣Ѫ֮еҶͻȻ£˻𣺡峤ҶңǱҶңǳڵġ
žžž
ʱ𳤱ޣҶ޴һʱƤҶȴҧأᶨ
λǶһˣڳƳǣ˭ң׼ңȻҲҶңؼңشҶףһɽݶؼҾеж˴ڣؼҶ֣ʱͶҶֻһ³ؼѾŵֻҪҶͶҶһж䣬ǻǰøãؼţ˭ҷ
ưûŤתҶҶǺסˣӣһãƭ
ҶѷȻʵλϣ븸ѾѡͶؼңûκؼŵɶ֣ܶ
ҶֵʲôҲҶĪǻƭԼˣҶǺЦһ¶ЦݶҶѷ˵˼䣬Ҷѷɫһɣƺ˾ϡ
ҶѷվָҶ˫۱ɱҶδܾôװ׶ͣҶԶҶ죬ĻᣬӦǾ氢ūţһͬµɣն
峤Բ㣡ҶԶȻֻǶҶھβѣˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶҪɱʣʮˣһվȫУʣµʮˣһ˾Ӷࡣ
˶ҪֻҪүͳͳҪ
ŭҶʱҶͻȻŷһ㣬͵վֱ壬˫۷Ѫ⡣
ҶѷмһЦ˭үĸү
⣬ҲʵģУҶΪأǸūţȻǳΪʿһҶӢۡ
ҶƺһУҲˣֱͦ壺ҶѷǶ⣬ǶˣʵǣսҵˣңǴүүҵģǱ壬ڼΣͷͦңүƷҲ룬ǵǸңֻױ
ʲô
˵һ
˵ʲôүһжȶģ𣿡һֱҶԶͻȻ˫ۣʵ
ҶҶԶ£ˣûƭ㣬ϴүҵģȥع㣬ʹϻһ񣬲Ҽڼﰵбңǰ޶ۣүУү
ֻΣʲôүӦö֪ҶȷţϧؼҹӷȥΪ޷ؼҹӻȥնɱҶȣݴţҶ򣡡Ҷվն
ϣؼǲһظܼҺͼɱȥģ£үͱүնɱүȥʱүѾ
ҶӣͷȹâɨΧһĿ⵨ӵˣʵǣүϴλѾӵնɱʮصʵʲôҶ顢ҶͯǲҶ棬ͽͶϡһҶͽǽҪүնɱȡ֮ͷ
µūţΣҶȾ˵ҲأʲôȰɱˡҶѷȲȥҶ׽
ͽҶסҶǺӣҶѷλ棬ԼǴˣձɡ
ɱһ̣ͻȻһͳȴ
ȶȶ𣿡
ҶԶܣ֪ҶȣĵĶӣ۵Ķӡ
үүˣҶѷںڶˣүǶͷءҶѪȵĳָȥ
ТڲŻ
ͣ
һӰ˲ҶԶǰһ̣ΧʮλѺʿȻǲӶѪ䡣
Ҷ㣡
ҶԶŷ꣬嵽ҶǰҶȣΪףܼҶ׳οѡ
СӣտϷþһɱҶ쿴һʬ壬ȻûЩʿôģ˵ҶٶȡΪͨͨԽɾǿߡ
ҶȷһӣҶҶԶҶȫǶ䣬Ӵó˵ҩһ׸ҶһԽҶԶУȷ£Ȱá
ϣöϾҪͻʮأ´˵ڼͻƣԴﵽʮ۷塣
ͬʱӴóڽ󽻻ҶУͨ͸ɢҶУ̸оͨȫδʳ£˵á
СӣϢˣҶ֪ʲôҶһûУҶɣ¸Уһʱ֮䣬ϯԪۼ
ҶԶҶ˵ҩҲõò࣬ҶҶչҶԶת߸ˣҶͽշɡ
Ҷ顢ҶͯҶĽѣѾʮأʮ֮Уֻһ㣬ʵȫ۷壬ڷ䣬Ժߡ
ȻȲҲһҩ
Ҷһʱ˸̰Ŀ⣺ҶȣأʲôλΪֽϻסˣ
ԣɱӦûвٱҶǺʮֿ־壬ʱ²ֻ̨ӲͷƤһڵס
ҶҲͷӱɱɱҶԶҶ죬һͽȻҶҹһͳӴ˰̫ƽ
ҶסҶǺӣȱҶң޿⣬ﵱ
Ҷ˵꣬쳣ƽΧɱ֣ͻȻԭʧӰӰҶסҶǺӣصԭء
ˡ
ͻȻҶסҶǺԴּңڵϹ˼ȦײԺǽǲͣ£ͷʬҲ֮£鶯¾û˶

ȫྲʿʮҶˣͷʬɫ䣬巢顣
ҶסҶǺʲôҶҳϣȨƣһΪһǰأȴҶϣ߲һУֻᶼûС


54 ټ
ͽ๼ȶɱúá
ȫһƬྲҶԶһӣֽкá
Ҷҽϣٴλص۰Եλʲô׼ҡؼң׼ңͳͳҪ塣ҶԶǿưԵŷ
ɱ
Ҷѷľʱû·ҶȺɱҶסҶǺӣ֪ûк˿ߣֻƴһս
ɱ
ʿҶɱЩд붼ɣֻһ֮䣬УҶѷҶ顢ҶͯǿޱȣֻΩǴӡ
һȺϣ֪
ҶһֳһץһɹȻһʿ񼦵ȫըûз֮һ£Ƿˣδ޵ǰֻ·һ
һ䣬ҶҴԺ˼Ժӣһһ㣬ͬҶ֮ˣͳͳȫնɱ
˲ôˣҶ治ĲɱĶħУ糾һ
ಣ
Ҷ顢ҶͯҶѷ˼ҶѪֶΣ˻꣬ǣҲ˲նɱôˣǶǹԼҶó֪Ҷز¶һд䡣
߾ߣǰ
մҶɱ֮ۿҶ顢ҶѷҪɳԺǽ˭֪ҶȶȻգһ֣ҶѷͷأһֱڶˣҶ顣
Ҷ
Ҷѷ촦ҶʹĲѣǱΪ飬ƺ񣬼ҶѷңŭѣҶͷŵΪԼ赲һǰ
ȻҶͷŵͨʹţֱӴҶţűԿգسһʬ塣
ҪɱңԸΪҶΪūҶͯɫˢףҶΪ£ɸûм֮ȫףҶǰ˵֣Ҳܣֻ·һ
ҶͯΪҶ棬Ϊ濼ǣ˽ڲݣ
ҶΰӰһҶֻͯӹҶͯͱնΪΡ
ɱúãϷʵҲָˣʣЩɶɱ֣ͽϷ򣡡
ʱҶϣһͷʨҶ˱նɱޱȣʱʣɱɱȥ
ҶңһʱҰѪɺӡ
Ҷȸʬ壬ҶǰӴóҩҶЩҩ£ͲҪټǨƳǣѾݲҶңһ£Ҷ״ؼ̽ڸȱ𾪶ǣСЩ
ǣүҶھӣӹҩȥ
ʮҶ֮ˣڻ׷ʲô£ΪʲôΪĴүȴҶλնɱˣǲԼ۾
ҶҶԶԺ£鿴ҶԶ£ҶȲſڣȥ񶼳ǣҲס
ܽ𣿡ڸ֮еҶԶ仰ֱ硣
ã֮УԾϧ̫࣬аֵɾǿߣ޷ȳֻѪϴնɱֻۣ񶼳ɾǿ߸۲ҼһΣɡ
ҶԶһ㵣Ҷȣ˰ۣǵɣȶΪأ
ȷأõԽնɱɾǿߣһرԶػЩԲҲа취նɱԷҶʮĵ
ȶҪֵ㵱Уֻϣƽ㵱һӷˣҲϣһ̣ҶԶھβѣԺֵɳѵҶȵĳʱҶԶΪҶֻӾǿشҶȲǾǿоģ
ס
Ҷοãʱؾգ˿̻̣ͨͨʧҶͻȻһңҺʱ֪ģ׼ҾͻֱƳǣʱҶֻ壬ϱ뿪ƳǣʶһλֵܣɲѰƧ֮Ҷʱסš
׼ҾһȻ뿪ȥšҶԶ֪ƣһҲܵݱҶȣʼѴҶҪۼһ
֪᲻ϢУǰ׼
Ҷϸ룬ҶҾټ뿪ȻϢֻҪ뿪ƳҶȾͺ޹˼ɳ֣ǣƽǡ
һҶȸҶԶȻ뿪Ҷ
ؼңϽ֡
ѽӵ񣬴˴Ǳһ˵ƽ뿪Ƴǣ׷ɱ⣬ؼҺ׼ңͳͳɱ⡣
ҶȻٷģڴ֮ϣɱվǰ
ǰűؼؼйڣһϵɱ֣ѿʵ
ɱ˵ֻûѣѵףҶһ䣬ɱϡ
ɱֲٶɴ⣬ٷ治ˣҪɱǺ׵£ΪǰȨ
ƼȴգҶ֪ؼδᣬۼŵӣؼҽ֣ҲһؼңֻҪĵӳ֣κΣգҰϸ˵һ顣
ɱ˶Ҷϸѽƻ˵һ顣
ƻ赽ظһΰĸۡȲʹǺ
ȣ
ϦᣬԸ鳤þá
ʻĻ԰֮Уһȹָ٣ˮңƣˮ顣
ڸ¥֮Уֳ־ƱƷζˣԷ֮ܣӵŮþƣˣɺá
ţټ־տ٣Ǵ󣬾ͬţΪȡʽݣҲɷˮ𡣡¾Ʊ£ǣ֣¶⡣
Уĵŵλߣпһʣ׼ҵδҪϣܵΪҵɡ
ȻúεȻչңǼ壬һȡ֮⣬½ǵġ
§ˣڳƳм嶼鸽ֻҶңҶЩѾɱӣҲ£Ҷһ
ߣֻϧҶǸ̫ףҪƤȡǡ¶ɱݺݵĵ
ҶȣУҲһֻϣţҪסǿδ½ˣƽϣʧݡš
ܣ㵹£˲ټʹߣҲȥк
ʱһλʮŵӲ뻨԰Լ
磡
æվӭ¥£Ųҵϲˮ
ϸŵӣȻǵɾΪλһ֮
ؼһλǿߣҲţǰ޵õɾ֮ǰλҪߣȥţҲܹչˣؼңλؼ峤ҪߣؼҺ֮һ
磬ԺţϣչˣΣûʵʵͽ
һˣȻӦûһƳţĿ֮Уа֮⣬δ֡
˼Ÿ٣ˡ


55 һ·Ѫ
繴ǳڡ
ҹµĳƳǣŵƽʣڹţϡ٣ϲ֮ȴڲɱ
žž
žҹ£Ҷ֮⣬Ҷſ˫ۣһ޴֩ؼܲΧ̽ӣһһնɱ޵֣Ҷռʬ壬븮֮ۡڡ
˿̳ƳǷŷ˯һ㣬ҶŻ򿪣ҶԶҶ½߳Ҷ٣ڴְӿҶҺЩһֱοҶԶУƾҶαʣҶԶҲûн
ٺҶһغϣҶҶ·űȥֲʱ˷ӿ󣬵ȴû춯ɱ֮;׼Ѳʿһһնɱ
ǣ֮Ҳв˳ţвؼҵˣ˴Ķôȥ
þ϶ã²ΣҲҪ뿪ţѾһУǳǺֱɲǣԻ׷ϡ
ǰҶҶԶһ֮һҶȿʼڶ֮
ӣеͶ
һֿڣҶ˸ճ֣౼ʿͷλҲɣͷǿ
ƣ
Ҷ˵ۿžǰͷһɹɵܲΧ˲䳯ִ
ʮأ˺󣡡
һҶǿ˲俴ҶʮǿߣȻǶ֣ʮأǿǿǧĴڡ
ͣ
ѹʿʱһƬĹأʬѻɽҶһӣʬɣһҶҼǰУһʿ׷ɱ˫ҽ֡
ϷȥƳţ
Ҷ쿴ǧľ޴ţǷ죬ţҶ˦
ǰѾرأ֮Ҳǣֻ׼ֵ׼ʱ
𣡡
سǽһ£Ҷҿ𣬲һ׵նɱˣٵĻ
ʮأʮأ
سǽҶ죬˵Ҷ쿪һʱ䣬޴Ҷ졣
ɶ񣡡
Ⱥ˹ҶҲ¶أΪʿԷ׼ǿĻҲҴ⣬֮أƺ׼
䣡
鱬ըҶΧҶϰˣѿҶ쳣ŭ޲ýɱȫ
ϣ
ҶƿնóһѱǴλɱֵõ֮һֱĨɱзӡ׸Ҷ졣
ͽ
Ҷϲ⣬ʵû뵽Ȼӵģʱһɾٰµƣ̵Ѫ
ȭ
һͨ޴ȭӡҶ˫ַɳֱӺǽǽըƣǧʿڱը֮С
ϷµɣҶһն춯أڰձըͨ죬ѳǽʿɱһƬ˿ɵңɱسʿڽڰˡ
ɱŹҶһڣ
ͻȻؼʿǿ߸׼һоȻɰ˾ǿߣٺʿС
ǣ
׷ԽӴ󣬶ʵԽԽǿᣬҶԶߺһҶ˸Ҷ첽Ƴǡ
䣡
һ޴İؼҡ׼ϴӪбըɱɡʿȫŵ׷׷ҶҶ顣
ǿ
ǧȥһǿ߸ͷ߾ȻʮأһؼҡҶҪǳϾ͡
Ҷȴأ˫ֱ󣺡ǰһߣɱ⣡
ҶǸүţҶȣ
ҶУһЩῡϳҶȣޱȣΪղǷֶΣѾԽ֪
Ŷ
λأȻҲҼҶȣֻҶȫˣϸһϳȻҶȣ겻ѣţֻˣһֶΡ
ಣ
ʮʮءмɾ֣߳沢Žʿ㼯һ𣬳ڡ
ͷλߣһͷ෢Ȼ׼һ׷ԲԣƱˣҲ漶ǿߡ
Щ׼ҡؼҹգǾɡҶעһٷɫ֮УǸɱ¶ȻһȻ֮
ţӰȥ١
ɱʱҹ𣬽ţߵӰķɳʼѪɱ¾
ɱ֣
ڳˣſһȻһɱӶǵɾǿߣɾǸ߸󼰵Ĵڡ
ΪΣΪŻǳ֣峤˵ãؼͳһƳǣ
ǰ׷ɾߣһʱɵޱȣȻҲǵɾʵ̫ĵ׿־塣
λɱ֣˭飬һɱʬأ˿赲
žȻǳ֣ߣҲô࣬ʲô˺ƤؼҺξ壬ϣ
׷Ȼ־壬ڲʱ򣬲ȱȡͷʱ׼Χɱɱ֡
ͣ
ȥһĳţҶʯ֮ϣ׼ҡؼ׷׷ɱһһҶϡ
Ҷ԰ѹأ޺֮ǣ˾ɱؿǼˡ
ϣҵɾ棬ͬǿߣһɱһɱ֣ɱȻ˵ãҲǵɾһǿ֣߰ǴԽԽѣŢûнӵ뿪
ţˣϻãһ޵õɣʱøѿ
ɱҶһҶģٷ棬Ǻ֮ǣҲףЩɱٷ棬Ҳ
ź׼ҡؼҹҧҶʮ̹
ǰΪλ
һλɱֱ˰ΧҶҲеɾǿߣ˶ɣӦͬȾͲҴ⣬ֻпٷ֡
Ǽϣٷ棬ԶҲ֡
³ֻ·һ
ɱӣҶؼҶ֣
һ춯غХ羪˿󷽣Ŷʮλŵӷɳ۶ЩŵӣȻһǵɾ󲿷˶ؼҵˣͬš
ˣ
ɱּôɳ֣ȫŵӣжԹڳۺ죬ֻѪսһ·
ָɱ֣۸ߺλʦֵܣһǱŵˣǲͬɱܻصͣɱ
ɱ
ɱһʱ䱻˫ΧɱͬȾ磬ȻУ˲֧ŵС
ǰˣ
ʣˣҲУ໥ͷ˳ķȥȻһһѪΧɽ˺֮Уȴûа뿪˼Ҳûһ˿־壬Ŀŵӣȼų޹â


56 Ҷҵ
ӦʱȫֻҪһ󡣡
ڳǽʯϵҶȣҹȻŤͷ֣ɱΪβߣرޣ˼
ǶߣȻ£òĵӣϧϧ죬Ҫҡ
˺߳šؼǿ߻ϣĿɨһۣ¶мЦݡ
ὣգޱĮȻŲ죬ŵӸ޳ܣһɱһ·һҲҪȪ
ʣˣϿ׷ɱҶҲáؼ
ˣڣ˭Ҳܿ벽
ؼλߴ¸ǰҶҶһǧˣȻһƽš
һλ߳ҶҴүҶȣ
ɱ
ߺͷžҶɱһȺγһĻĻ
գ˭ңɱ˭ţţ˭ҶҪɱ֮һҶǧ췢ġ
ȺУҶָһȣɽӡ
ȭ
һֱȻڰշ裬ʱ˺һȭȥضɽҡʬأ壬Ѫ⣬˿ɵءʮأסһȭһһȭ
ҶͥŲȭȥÿһѪһ߾ʬ嵹£ҶȷŷƵ񣬲ջ꣬ȡ
ʦ֣˲ãأõ˴죬쳣ۺ񣬿ʮء
أԽնɱʮǿߣһ֮ǿߣ˼飬ţţ
ڵӣɱ˰ˣһʱ˳㿴Ҷһˣɱǧ۶գ£ôֲ
ҶүҶȣǰǳƳţϧүѡϷȥΪ֪ô޵ԭҲҪŵġһλؼߣܵ
˫۱˳ɱ⣺ҶȣǳƳţ˲һؼҴ󻼣˱ɱն֮·
Ŷ
ҶȷֶͻȻˣҶУͻȻһӰҶһɾһأĺãؼҺˣɱһһؼҲǴĴ
룬ЩŵվܣҶȣǰϣϣҲעҶעؼ׳İʯ
ؼҹȻϲ⣬ӵôɾҶû壬ˡ
Ҷƽֻ϶һɣǾĵͣҲȴ޵õɾҲְɡ
ǣֻϧӢţɣ
ٷϻ屬棬˫һ֣ûһһɶ೤Ҷѹ
ʵڵһҲ㶥⡣
ҶһһѪȭͷ㣬Ҷ߸Ծȼջһԡ
Σ
ѪȭӡײͬʱΪɢҹΪ֮һ𣬶Ҷȭͬʱײһ𣬺һ춯أ˼˭ҲûӮʵ൱
찡Ĺôǵɶ֣һأ
ܣŲԽնɱ˱廹Ҫ֣ȻֱӿԽ磬˲ð
ʦֿǿҪͻƵɶأҶֻһţʦ֣Ҳֻ̾ķݡ
ŵӼжһҶȾΪˣ۷׷ס
ֹˣں󷽣׼ҡؼ˰ʿһҶȹĿ࿴ʲôˣؼҴеˣλ֮ߣּκһ壬ǿߣȻҶַ˲ָ¡
Сӣͦۺİɣ㾳̫ͣǲеģαҪնɱ
һгһȦ
ʦּȦˣǿǵͽʥõķʦֶҶȣڱصá˷̾Ϣ

ȦӰҶȣͷԿĿֲҶȻƽȭհȦߡ
Ȧ֮ȭɣתȭڿп⡣
СΪۺ񣬾ȻһҪʤһ
ԽսԽûףǽɵǿߣɣѴ֮ȻþòҶȣ⴫ȥɨӣһɳȥǿ϶Ϊ־ƴȫҲҪٴζɱ
޵У
ӿȦʱķеȦΪҪҶһץסɱ֮졣

Ȧ󼸱һȦҶȹȭڿвײȭÿҪʧ
ǿòѪܽһնɱ
ҶȲȦʩչѪ壬ʼƤʼѪ죬һѪ˶󣬿ҪըƵġ
²˰ɣСӣɣ
ȦѾű۰ȭһƣۿһҲʧȦҪסҶһ˲䣬ͻһѪ֮˸ͻȻ۾˼ؿҶԼٴȦзɳ
УҶͻȻһѪˣŵľڿȦסҶһ˲䣬ҶٶȶȻӿ죬һֹ
䣡
һԴͷּˣѪӰӹͣҶŵͷ˫۾Ȼڷ
ҡҲġôҲţԼһϣһ̣᲻˲
ɱһأȻҪռ
ҶȲӡѪһһʧǼȦҶһԴΪ飬ҶȳؼҴһҶȣٴժͷ
ʦ־Ȼˣôʦ
ɶֱʦɽնɱˣħˡˣ˵ʧɥģҶȵ˶ħֻжħ˾춯ص¡
Ҷң
ؼЩ棬Ҳмλǵɾʵ̲˲ǿ߳ҶɱŵһʱδǶҶȡ
жɱ٣Ҷȣʹɱ䣬ٶ
Ҷһؼ˹ȥʿҲŹ˭ֻҪ˵طһ޴¡
䣡
ƳǷŷˣ˲ըɾҲܲںڰ֮УӰӺӰɱ
רŹɾǿߣһλλؼڻбӰɱ׼漶ǿߣҲӲŲֵҲС
һʱ䣬˰졣
˭ǿȻţɱ֮ʹ졭
ɱվѪ֮Уʬ壬ɫĮȫˣѾֲסʱҶȾȻԡ
㡭ɱƺҶʮּɵ
ҶͻȻ仯ٷģ˵Ҷȵ￴ҶȽ͵һֱȴĽɱٷ棬ҵϣʱһֱһģǼ棬ΪľţӶҶҰȫӳƳߣȻʹţǾͲǵˡ
Ҷʧںҹ֮УͬƬɼףʣµģʬɽһһ㣬ΧҲȫ׼ҡؼһŵˣһ롣
찡׷ʲô
һǿ߸Ѫɺӵʬ壬һŷϢעһƳǶ춯ء


57 ӿ
ΪһЦţճɹ£磬պţһǿ㹦û
¥ϣǹڣɫӳ͸Ǵ̨űһ𣬶ࡣ
Ѿʮ۷壬˿ңؼңڴ½Ҳǰ׻
Ŵδ
ˣ̧üһһЦȻ
ӣڷ£ڴᣬ빫ǰȥ
⣬һΨΨŵŵ˵
ߡ
һԵҲǽû飬ˣȺūǲǲˣ
˵꣬§סţɭɭĵ׸ֲ֪ūš
ŵ˵һ¹ð麹үСȷʵǴ£ƳǶ֪˵ҶҲ룬նɱ档
ž
ͻȻſڣһ߷ˣأ˴һظ´ٱȥ
ʱظƻͨžɱ֮ءʮ۴
ؼ峤سգ׼峤սֱڴ֮ϣ֮£ϢӴߣһȻǵɾһΪ͸һɿײصƣȥǵӢҪ
ϵܣαŭ֮£׼ҶûԤƵֺοң׼ҰһֱѹҶңĨɱһпܣҶȣǰҲţҲǱɱֻǴʢҪģ׼֪ҶҳţȻǻҪż
սߴͣǷƿسƳǵߣգȴնǰڳһЦݡ
سգؼ峤ҶԶһֻ峤һ壬ϣгԽϵĳϹ֣سֻؼұĲؼңֺֻ־ڡ
ڣسɫѿޱȣؼ¼Ҫʱ̣ȴҶҹȻؼ֮£ɸͷʢؼҵͷһˮҵ¼棬ؼңҲ״ؼһơ
ʹؼʹ˵˾жΣŽΪµҶоһǲòĶ
峤
ѹ£һؼվʩλҶҵҵλǶ⣬ҶҲòұϣۼӢһУ׷ɱҶҡ
ϷڽҶҵ£˳𲻵òϷϧһУҪӱϷҪҶ޶СΪūߡһλؼôӵ۾ҶҺ֮ǡ
Ҷȣ֣ɳȥأնɱʮؾ̽ȡ֮׼Ҽ涼ϡ׼ⷽһ
Ҷȡ
˵һ죬ȡ㵡ɡʹޡġ־ֱС
˭ףҶȽΪʲôС磬;һѪȷ磬һɹ̤ɾؼҡ׼ҶҪ壬ֶΣŵӶҵնɱƾһ㣬һҪóƳǣҶȨԴءҾ
ɡʮλʮǿߣʮλɾġǧʿѪ𰡣
и߹ڵϣʹ飬ţءҲ˱̬ȻҶȳǸ֮ʹޡ
찡ôҶȣ𣿡
ڵ࣬վһ֮Уʱϳŵ飬סֺ־壬ԼҶ£ľ޲Ҷ
ܲȵһΣһΣߣλſޣؽҶնɱ
ʱк֮ʹ֮޲ðҶȰƤ֪֮ҶѾȫԽһ㣬ʱᱻҶնɱؼû壬ؼ˵ղžͱҶ
һ룬ǣȻ뿪
һϣͰų㣿
ͻȻظһۺ֮Ϊ֮һ˲ٵεҲ
Ӱڴ֮⣬سասѾ⣬ʱسһ
ɣСҪˣ֮£Ѿš
غؼ˶𾴸ʩ񣬾سҲҵȥͷʺá
ͷλˣüˣһ񣬾ڳ˸еϢ
ɣؼܳλ֮ߣԶسգһֱУɽ޵õɾΪҲмȨƣɳҲһݹͣɳȻΪĵ֮һ
ڳ˭оɵǿŭУ֮ɴ壬˭Ҳһ˿ǵ壬ؼҵˣҲΨΨŵŵϾŵġ
ɻʦһ䣬ž֪ˣȻСҲ֪С㻹ڱչز֮Щʱղܳأ˴С˼С˼ܼ򵥣Ҷȴ˶ϲնɱǷģβͳˣǶɢȥ峤¼ɡ
ҵȸǡ
սĮȻȥǿ£˭ҲŪ졣
峤С˼ǻ绹ھУĿм壬׼ƿأҪЩᣬ򲻿ɵֱ˵
سһס
ҶҡҪģСв֧֣γһǿЩҶңһֵ𣬲Сһ²Ϊλؼ֣ؼҲһɻسա
ҲףΪμƻ˳ŹͨǰƳзһ˭֪سɫڣź֮£һʵʩڳӣȻ
ڻһޣż˹ϵɵжԣΪɼСܿģСҲɼͷ֧֣ҲⵡС㣬Ͳȥ飬һŹͨбΡ
ϸϸسղŻȻɽɾǿߣ󲽽ϡ
磬ǧ֮⣬һ֮УǱڰشһһ
Ǿޱȡӳˡ
ʱ֦£Ҷ졢ҶԶҶΧһ𣬾һҹϮѾ뿪Ƴǵؽ磬ʱȫ
ҶȵҪģѰ֮绹ûϢʱ䣬Ӧòࡣ
ѪսؼңԺؼУҪһ֮ѽҶԶΪһ֮ҶδȻȫҶص㡣
ţˣ
Ҷȸо춯һ飬𶯣Ϣǿ˵⸽ҶҶԶҶ֮⣬ɲǷ
ԶϢٷҶͷһâֱȥԷҲͷһâᣬλֺɳҶȣ¶ϲЦݡ
磡
һ棬һӵҶԶ΢΢һۣʩ񣺡
ãؿҶԶҵ֪Ǳ׼ҡؼһҪĴңΪҲֻǵ㵽Ϊֹʧϡ
ֶҶ˵ֵܣطѾ׼ãɲɽ֮УΪɽǰһػջأûҵͼûҵõ
ҶȽüͷնɱؼǿߣŵӣؼҲŹңҲǣ˵زܾ
ǵһأȻֵնɱ
ʱ˿̣ţŵӣʶҶȺž͸ؼҡ׼ҵӣǵɾһ߸ϣһ֪Ҷһնɱ
ҶҶʼˣɲǷȥһ·һ;ۼñ˷ټ׷ٶ


58 
ɽָɽһɽ´֮£һСկ
˿̣ҶҵڷؽľݣӲݣҶһʯ
滷ɽľһƬɭʯ֣ƻǡôСկҲȴǧˡ
峤طȷʵ۸ӣû˴·Խ롣ҶҶԶվ£ú·ء
ҶԶ⣬ͷҶ̸οޱȣСҶȼҶϣȻҶȡ
СկһƬæ󣬴æŴݣСһЦݣδڴ
ֵܣɱ֣Ϊһ¶һֵ֪мıȻŹֵܡ
Ӹ´˯óɱиƣʵ
Ҷվһԣôһʣ˼˲תұ˵á
ֵĪǣȻһЦƺѾҶ˼Ҳȥ

֧ܸ֨һߣſۣͻȻһԾʹҶȡҶȣ˿־塣
ûɱ㣬Ҳɱ㣡
ҶȲԣʩչ׹ṉ̀ٷģˣһ˼صҶȣҶ̱仯ԭģ΢΢һЦŽɱٷ棬ѱҺɱˣһٷݣΪҰ£ȻҶҰȫ뿪Ƴǣƾһ㣬Ҳɱ㣬ˡ
иһЩεΪɣԶˣһҶȣҵѲҵģҼţֻʵɱЩŵӣǶԹŮѩޡ
ãӦøңΪҲҵĵˣýҽƷţѪϴ裬ҲҵĵˣؼҺϮҸף飬޷УҲҪϡһ͸ˣҶȾûҪأжԣֻǸ˶ѡ
ĸƺҶ룬ѿڶĪ㲻ɱңҵݣΪպԸһöӣ
ȷˡҶȻشø򵥣Ƶŷһоա
ʸ񡭡
ҶǸȾأʵĳɳǶôڴ˿Ѫڣܿ侲ſһͷɱһǵϣسɱ֣һЩҾͼһǵسųԽ˵ɵĴڡ
ߣӵɾͷţǿҶںһţֻҪҽɣͿԽնɱصɱ֣һͻɾβͳˡ
Ҷȵ˵һɢϢҪźţĳҲţǽΪһΣ
ϣҪʧĬˡ
ȻһãݣҲ˽⣬ϸ˵һ˵ʱһ
أЩɵ۹׿ԽˣһۣʹϿϢ
Ҵ磬õġҶ֪Щ黳һ䡣
ңֲãԴҵˣйɾٰ
˵꣬Ҳ͸һɴƣվԺӣϧİŮ˺ֵܳ㱻ǺһΪҲżţڣҼ˶Ϊˣûټǡ
ңһ㵣Ȼ֪ǿǱһҪϵļ壬ֻ½һްԼ壬Ǵ½һĳ塣
ЦǾңš᰷ڶнв˼᰷ڣʱȲϼЩţֻܼš
ֲֵᣬѾ޵õɣΪ֮һ̾겻ѣףǰȻΪɱ֣з棬ȷҪǿࡣ
ɱȥòܱ𣬶ҡŸҺֻӿıƻЩʱҾͻţŻΪҳɳ̨֮ʱҲ㱨֮ʱ
Ҷ¶Ҫ£ǿԮңҶͬڵļ壬Ҷҡؼҹ࣬׼ҡ׼ͬʱڵļ壬Ҷ۰£õҰνˮ
˵Ĭϵͷ
ˣֵܣ
ͻȻʲôɫأ֮ǰҼ̽Ӵ񶼳̽ϢŰ׼ҼλԳ֣Ϊˣ˵ѾѣھۼƳǸ
ҺƳǣȻ鷳ˣذ׼Ƴԭһǲμؼҡ׼ᣬһѰ𣬲̴ˣԺţԸһͻƵɣڡ
ƪƪƻҶԺ֣ԸۣͰ׼ңγһƻؽҪǿʵ뾡ţΪŵӡ
ۣ
üһͻȻ󾪣㡭ĪǾǰŪ񶼳Ѫȷˣ
ȷֵΪЩɱ˰ۣϧԷֵ̫࣬ΪͻƵһ̣Ҳ͵ˡһĨ԰һֱҶȽֵ֮£ҵ顣
ӰҶȾΪˣӿҶȣۺպĵɾأΪһ֮֮ϵȻ㱻ǰƼɱ֣ȥ˭ţǲš
ҾݻصΣ
Ի֮䣬ҶԺͻȻһƻ취ţΪ˵õһ棬᰷ڣڵݣ辡᰷ڣҶеף᰷ڿӣһܽһжӲ᰷ڶĿ
ȻԣѶź֮ǣҲ뿴ǶԹŮҵݳ֣ǶôԾ֪ҶǱ仯ģ
Ǻð취һֵܾͲΪŶֱݣţֱ˵ð취
Ĵָ޵˼ǰ취ס
һŵһУһֲ¶㡭
˾ۼһ𣬾ʼŵ뿪ģһɶ˵Ҷһֲ
ҶȲŸ˽⾣飬ֲõһۣ;ЩоԭҲǱŮãҶţɱĴ
֮󣬾ѰһƫƧطˣҲʱ𣬸ȥɲǡ
̤Ь٣ȫѹ򡣡
Ҷû뵽μ⣬һ½ˡ
ȶЩزõΡ
ȻҶԶҶһЦݡ
ã
һҶҶԶ棬ҶԶʹ˸ɫȻҶɭһΪصĵطҶԶ֪ҶΪ˽ţʵǷд·
׼Ѿ֪ˣһҾҪ뿪ɽЩʱҪ취ţʥأòȥ֮ǰж
ҶȴӴóݽ̼䣬ˣŷҪɱһҶԶһ᲻
ݽͽʥƷǻϵʲһأ䲻ҲҪ˽նɱ
ҶȰݽؽҶԶУҶԶѣû뵽һ죬ӵһҶȰҶԶںݽԼӡҶԶ֮Уݽ
һöͽ״䣬ԽƳǣú
óһö䣬ҶԶС
ˣݡһŵɾţҶҺѰ֮ʱпţԼ˲šҶȽŰ˸ĹҲһҶԶҶѾӡһݡ
ôÿһκμӣҶԶʵȶǲʲôŵ
һʲô£ҰĿ棬ȡսţһ޵õɾǰ׼Ҳ޷κΣȥ
ҶȽ꣬ȥУʣҶԶһȻ֣˽ҶȣҶǰҪչ˵Ķ
ЦһҶԶȥ


59 ɷ
ɽһϿ֮¡
ɷ
Ҷʯϣָɫ««᰷ڻµнʥ͸壬Ҷ֪ɷ᰷ʮɷ֮һ󣬾ɾͷҲնɱ
Ӧò׾Ͱرңɷ«Ӧʮɷģ϶ûʮɷ
ϳɼ׾ɷõãɷκζӦñɼ׻Ҫãɼȴɱ
ɷҶʮֺ棺ԺҵĶֶǰֵɾǿߣΣأҪǿ󷨱ɹ

һɹƺɷڿУҶȿʼɷֱҶһʤֶΡ
ɷϪˮɷҡһ£Ҷ֮Уһɹ֣ȫǺɷھ
տھҶ˫ִһƣɷͻȻŴһˮͰСʱĺɷȻɫ͸źɫ磬״ɫһҺŷԾ֮
ǿϢȻнɼ׻ҪǿʢɼϹֻǵһ빥޷ȵġ
͸˲һ޴ɫճҶǰɫռ䣬ȻйɿµȣҶȶһ룬Ȼ̾һɹɻ𺣡
ɫĻ𺣣ڻȼգԵҶЩ־壬оմɫ棬˲䱻Ϊҽ
Ǻɷ𣬴˵е֮һɷʮټԵһֿһе𡣡
Ҷȼ쳣оǰԺɷҲֻ·һ׻ּǿߣȻԿɷˣһľҲֻ·һ
ҶͻȻиͷúɷѪںϣǾºɷҶʱ뷨
ɷӦÿ֮зӡҪǿƣƿغɷ𡣡
ϸ룬ҶȳȥӴɷ𣬿Ǹոһͱɷɵ޷ƺɷ
ҶһѪɷɷʱҶȾѪںϣɷʧɢĺӣһҵͥعĸ壬Ծѡ
˺ɷҶֳƺɷ𣬽ǲУɷʵڰԵҶֱúɷƺɷ𣬽ɷܵƣ԰ҶȿƱ仯̬лǿȡ
ñֱǺɷƺɷֱúɷ𹥻ɣҲӦ
ҶһĿ罣᰷ڲԱʿ磬ȻܽĿǰ˽˻Ǹ»ģ˱
᰷ڣ˾޴һ뻢ıƤԷ⶯һָҶȶˣʱֻίȫ
᰷ͳһ½ǾͱţĿһģ᰷ң᰷ֲأ
ͻȻҶһаͷ
ϸպмжõķӦöзӡúɷһԣҶһӴóһѺɫ˲䱻ɷ롣
磬Ȼµ΢΢𶯣Ҷúɷסʼȼա
֨֨
ɫںɷ֮£֨֨ҶҲһ룬ɷȻԵֱӰѵͽױջ٣ʵˣռ޷ƵķúɷǼֱһʾ޴Ƹ
᰷ڳΪǿţȻģǲ֪úɷ˶ٴƣۼƶٲƸ
ʱҶȲ᰷жǿ󣬹ֲú᰷˼ɵ½֮͡
Ȼ᰷ǿΪζȤβ£ţ
Ҷʵ벻᰷ͨڵкıһʲô᰷ڼɵõĶȻ᰷ڴֱӶ֣Ļ˼
ʱ򣬺ɫķӡȫҶںʹҪ֮ǾͿĹһ󾳽硣
Щѧֻ֮вѧΪҶӵҪŵԭ򣬽Ųʿ磬ܳɳɰ׻桢־ͷ
֪ɷɲƵҩЩȽ֪֮ЩȲšʱҶȲŷ֪ʿжжء
Ҷ֮ʱƳҲо¡
ҶΪҽķǰ׼ǿ߾ۼسասҲУμļ塣
ǸҶȣүɱǵ졣
үǵɾǿߣҶһأЩɱүҶǶţ´½ˣ˸壬һҶȡ
Ҷȵ׼ңҰ׼׷ɱӡ
壬˽ۣ׼ǿֱҶҶǲ֪Ҷ񶼳Ѫȷ磬ǰһҹŪóƳǼȮǸ½ܾûֵ
ڳĸ׼ַҲУҲУ׼ҲУؼҲô£ֻҶңֻҶҾţҶȸҡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷ֣Ǹų˲
峤Ҷһҹ֮ʧ
׼λɾǿ֮У߳һλͷߣλһ£һͷں󱳣üĿЩͣݣһ̤һһѪسЩʮǿߣҲѪڣһߣҲΪ֮һ
ǿƣޱȵǿơ
λ׼ǿߣаػǰػ֮һ½
ڳ˭˲𾪣ɾأǾѣһرһǿһرһͻѣÿͻһ磬ӵо춯ص
أţҲһͷοССƳǡ
ʱ˿̣˸ҿ
سк죬ŭգọ̀ǰλ׼棬һָɱؼңֻһս֮ǰһֱ϶ѡ
ǰҶȷʵնɱؼǿߣӷţҲУس˫ֱȭػʩ
ؼҲѳôôԸһСӣػȻʱȻؼңֱû١
ɶ񡭡
سֻĬĬ¶ӡ
ǰǺβͬʱֲҶСӣ
ͻȻһۺɿմţλŵӴһ߳ڳ˭𾪣׼λǿҲ΢仯
ػĿϣʱɳԭɣĪûгƷҶˣ
ɳػʩ񣬲ĴҲ֮ŴɸʱڳҶȷɣҲ˳ǰ
⵹أϷҪɱķ´׷ɱҪˣҪʬоٱߣͣţɱ
ǣ
ڰػһ£׼ɾʮǿ߿ʼɢʿɱֳǶȥ
سǰһǰ뵽Ϣվᡣ
Ϸѱ˺ߣػʮָӣؼһ̨£سճظȥ
ؼһǲҹȻԿ׼ң
ҪЩҪ
ˣһ뿪һ氵ۡ
ø׼ңȻػߣһС޵õɾأػҲһɱ
վԭأþò


60 һ
ΪˣԼͥء
ΪˣҰҺޣ޷гر
Ƴ⣬ֺ֮ϣҶգǰǳƳǣĵطڿȥǰҶȷ·һһƳǡ
ڣ죬Ŀظ
ʱֵ磬ظʼгھ̺Դ½ʹߣҲаľŸͽЩ˾ۼһ𣬼½
գؼ׼磬ؼǰԳƳΪģм嶼ʹߡ
νƼ˷ס
ظԺǧСһ԰׼ΪģȻհ׼е˭ð׼漶ػԵؼҵȻд󣬱԰׼Ϊġ
ɣΪؼҵһ֣ػΪˣһǵɾأһǵɾأȥϱʣΪģڳнŵӣǵɾ¡
ŵλ֮ߣβ屾˽飬ǿ߲ûеϾӻдŷӿĵز
ЩŵӣȴǴŶ˭ҵţ᰷ڡšɲ¸ǶϽֳ⣬κһްԼ壬Ҳҵš
ӣС㵽
žžž
һ˸ߺһظ˲䰲Ŀۼڸ̨һǣŸ߹ųǰʱ죬ȷʵسǣŵҲΪ֮ݡ
׼ⷽȴûжӦǰػһۡ
λӭԶμءҾеĻ硣
ؼ峤س׼峤սϷ˳ʩҪسշԣһѷϻ޷ΧؼΪսΪǰƳƿߣٸ߸ϣسǰֻеͷķݡ
̨Ϊơ
س˵֮ų˹ʩȻ˿ʼƣ½׼ÿһһơ
׼ңԼؼңǱΪ顭
У˶׼žٱ֮ͬʱһĮȻԶͳӸ߿մ
ǿǡҶүҶȣ
ѭԱһ¥֮ǿһӰվ棬һۣ˫֣Ƶ·Ҷȡ
Ȼˣѵʱգļա
ɫһ䣬ɱϣһץؼҡŵȫվҶȡ
֣û뵽¶档
ʱػһģΪ촷ۣ׼ʮλǿߣˢˢΧǽŷҶȾһͷǾˡ
ҶȣǸͷλ磬û뵽֪˵ǱΪǡǣŵ֣ݺЦ
ͷԽҶȣ
ļ壬һЩɢޣһ̣ĿⶼҶϣҶƽȻ˶ΪȣΪ֮ȡ
ֳ˶δҶȣμǸоȴ˵еĻҪ£أȻأȻ˵ɾأնɱɾһأӢ۳ֻ꣬ϧҶðǰ·ȴã
һʱ䣬صظ
ҶǳԱУҵŵ棬ţðΣǰ
ΪˣԸһʱҲź
ٳƳ꿡ܣҶйʣǸţǰѽǸΪϲĵķǳЦվǰţԶԶԽ֮ľһСС
Ҷȣ㻹ҳ֣ɱ׼֮ˣζҡ
ս߳һĵҶʹ
սǰɱ׼棬˭ܵȥ·Բѣã׼עҪ壬һؼҲǣа׼ңзҵˡҵˡҪϡ
ҶȲڷϻҪĿľնɱţ̶֪ѨòͲҶȣ׼ҾүۣԲѵҪնɱңϧض˵ˣգҪɱ䣬ҵķɡ
ߣϷ㣡
ػȻ׼ֳ֣˭һǿߣȻֱҪնɱҶȣҶˡ
Сӡһ취۾ڷ֮£ߣʵȴһأ
ػ֮ǰѾһУرҪעҶһʵҲСӣʴˣػֳ֪ûնɱҶȣؼɣΪɾأп
׼κһˣңػҪ˶֪׼Ƕǿƣз԰׼ҵˣ⵽֣֮ư׼ߣֻ·һҪؼҿѹؼ档
ҶȴһָӸػĿһԣأڰ׼Ҳ֮
ػϷ򡣡ػ˵ǿ˶оҪʣ̺֮ơ
ء
Ҷƽ޲ɫȴɷϣԵΪ߶֣ţһնɱ㣬ţΪϵ꣬У׼Ҷǡ
Сӣ²ǴģϷ
ػŭĿӣܻҶȵ˿׼ӣñףգֱҶȡ
ˣеˣؼҡ׼ҶգڴػնɱҶȣҲǰһػҶնɱǲȥ
˶֪ҶţҲǰػ֣ϾûŴڣУֻ壬Ҷȡ
䣡
ձ춯أײˣҶȡػԷɳ
ô᣿ҶȾȻû
ؼҡ׼˿ʼ̻̲Ƕ԰ػʧҶȾΪˣһȺ֮
СӡȻȰ˵ĻҪۺССͣ޵һΪĪԣϣо
һغϣػ־岻񲻶ǵɾ߸ϣԶſߣɲǺγɣֻǷˣһߣȻǷ˶֡
˹ȻǿᣬҼҪȫ֮£ǿһơ
Ҷס壬ʱֱۡѾѪһƬ֪жֲǶϣԷؾǿߣʼͲȫԸǾģࡣ
˰ػ滹иɶǿߣҪػû뵽׼һǿߣЩʧ㣬߲塣Ҷȼ֮ģ԰ػҶҪ֮նɱ
û֮־ᶨ֮ģͲɾ;ҵʿȡṦҪľƶᣬļʯ
ػұȡͷ
Ҷһݣ˵һ׹Ļס
֪ߵغ񣡡ػܻû뵽һֻϣȻǰڶ˫һƣͷž춯صҶȹȥ
ظˣоϢػһ㣬⣬񲻰
ǿһУǵԪ˴죬Ȼģɡ
ҶȵһѪ¯ȼգϲѪӿ⣬˫һ޴ɫֱӳȥ
䡭
ײһ𵴡
Ҷ˺һɫأһָһֱػȥ
ֶͨΣһ̶ȣײɱˣҶ쳣ۺ񣬿ȵɾǧɱˡ
ƣ
ػƿնʧɫʮزģţҲֻزҶȾȻؾʩչ˹թֶΡ
һ׹Ӱػ弤ǹѪڿײ춯رը籩
ݣ
ػŴһЩɷɼģٶ֮죬鳯Ҷϯ
һأҲҪڷɼ֮£١
Ҷ޴ɶ㣬ֻػغϣҶ֪ԼʵȰػһأֻüıսʤԷɼҶʩչȭһʽ٣ľ޴ȭӰ
նʱըŷҪѣ˱ƵÿҪϢ


61 ˷
СӡϷҪš
죬ػƶȻһ䣬Уһµ´󵶣׳һɻƴӴɢ
ڣɫˮ͸Ե׶
ͽеļƷ
·סӰֻΧʣµȫǵɾһأȫȥˣһҲоҪĨɱһļ٣ֲ̿ƾ֮񴧴
ߣȷҵɼ㲻ɣ
ҶЩϢһĵúһս֮Էȷʵǿ쳣ۺ񣬶ֶξˣõǡôһҲֵ࣬ˣίʵ¡

ػֳ´󵶣һսˣŴ󵶣ÿһлҶȣһ
ˣɼף
ʱҶһСģȫסһʱ޷ֻ£ֻ·һ
һӰͻȻػһƺ֪Ҷһ֣һöɼǡõڴ֮£˲ײһ

ռ͵һһ̣ŷʱֹһҫҫһը
꣡
ظʿ̲ס֮³һѪһʧɫľսһһȥֻʣؼҡ׼ҡ׼һЩɾǿ߻ڼţҲ羪֮⡣
ಣ
Ƭɼ״չɳֱȡػţٶ֮죬Ӱ٣ðػʧɫ
Ȼн׷͸ϹϢϹŷػʧɫƺ֮⣬н׷Ѿܾ£Ϲŷ
ߣҹ
ػһս쾻սֳִ󵶣նɱһУͷöɼ׸ˣƬɼֹ˻
ɼ׾һ汦öܹﲻƣٶֿ죬ػܵġ
շ籩֮УҶͻȻóɷʱƶҶȲʵȰػ̫Զɼ޷ٴͻȻϮҶۺ񣬿ɼȥҲֻܾˣ·ЩɾͻҶȵѶһš
ҶȾǻᡣ

֮һŭ֮ϣ޴ȭӡ籩ػ
ɶСӣ̥
ػƺû뵽ֵزҶȻ˰ŵɫ԰ףæһӣһɹգ´һȥɼֹ칦˹
һʱ䣬ػַ籩֮С
찡ǸҶȣɣȻ˿
һ취ðػֻܷ
ȻţҺǼʱ뿪ȻҲһп꼰㰡ظΧʿһսⷬսѾȫԽֱ֪֮ս
ػսزѾҶȵ겻ţ壬Ϊɫ
ܾˣٳҶȣػһçҲ룬Ҷɱ۵ֶΣȻǿ֡˿̣ϣһĨЦ׼ʱָ̳Ҷһ

Ҷž޲ƽŰػݹ籩֮УʱҶ˫һ٣羪սԶʥɣȻһ޴ĺɫ˫֮γɣѰػ˹ȥ
һĺǰҶȵ˹˰ۺ񣬸ֻйԶŴ˵еľ޲ӵԴԴ
Ѱӳһ˲䣬Ҷźɷʧڷ籩֮Уڻ籩֮£ûܿҶӰҶٶȱͳԽյĵز
ûûˣƣ
İػͻȻڣһ˿־壬û뵽Ҷ˵ã˼֣̰ҶܣҪΪ׼ҲȻǿ֡
һػֻܼǿˣ´֮У׼йһȻҶȼһ

ʱŷֹػ߾´ȭӡظ·ɵ˿û飬ظ⣬Ըʿһ¡
һУֹ
ʱ˿̣ҶͻȻڰػ󣬱ػǿ棬һ̣ػѾ֣֪ҶĿǰ޷ͻǿȫǷڻ⹥ϡ
ֹ֮УһɹӺɷֱӳػǿû飬ֱӱһɷĹ֮
ʲô
һ˲䣬ػоãǣҪȫڻ⹥ϣСʼ
䣡
վһζػǿһɾһ̣ûлʱ䴭ͷһɿסȻ޷֮ͱߡ
⡭
ػںɫеߵڣһ̣ſҶźɷɿǴǺ«ͷųġ
⵽ʲôػһأļ£ĵ֮صء

ɷȰѰػУҶ봢䣬˷ɲ뱻֪ɱ֮һ
ǿ
찡׼棬߸ϵİػȻҶնɱˣʬ嶼ûʣ£׷ʲôˣ
ҶأֱԽնɱ˵ء
ظ⣬ʿгƳǰգֵɢޣһľͷ־壬˼̾Ϣš
ӣ
Űػ汻ɱ־壬ֱӻһ̻ʧš׼ҡؼʣʿػˣҲǲòβһһӴܡ
ֱ룬ɢȥһһߡ
׼ʮλǿߣҲòһߣ涼նɱǼֻ·һҶѾ˵ҶȾ;һħ붼ëֱ
û׼ҡؼҡ׼ŵͨͨȥˣôˣȻҶһ˻ܣ
Ժؼҡ׼Ҫùˣ׼ҲȣɱúãҶұڳƳǵġ
һսնɱ׼ػ͵һ㣬ҶȾ½ȻõľţɾͷǷ
Ƴ۷׷ףһλɢ޵ɾǿߣһ꣬ŷ𿴵һȽȽ
ظ𣡡
Ҷȴʱ֧Ҳе˶ˣ߲ѣ·ûӰһ֮£Ҷȷһָһظ
¡ظ˲䱬ըɣתۼ䣬ظͻΪ棬вؼˡһЩûмʱߣһһ֮Уһ
˵Ҷȴʱһ޵ս졢һ־Ҫʲô𣬾͵û
ţһᱻȡͷءҲ塭ҶȶųƳǰХΪ֮һҶȻһۣʧ
ɶҶȣؼҡ
سնڵѨ֮УҶȵһʱѪͨȻιȥΧؼˣҴ£±Ҷҵͷء
׼ҡŵӣа׼ңܵûӰ١
ҶնɱػϢһʿԼ֮Уһʱ֮䣬½𵴣Ҷһγڴ½
´׷ɱ׼λŲ棬׷ΨһĿģ׽Ҷȣ׼ѩܡ
塭
񶼳ǣһصعУһźϣػҶնɱϢһ
ʱϽǡ
ȻûѡˣһΪƿ½Ĺؼ
ţҪôס᲻úײǣ
ż֮У˻ʮλ᰷ڵӣʩչһɾ
Ϣ͡˿ʼҶȸļƻ


62 ͨ
һľϿȣ峿Ͽȶ棬ɽ⣬ϿȻȻʣϿһˮ裬سֹǧٹֲֵ
Ͽһɫٲɽ֮ǰֱ£ͨصϿϿա
ɽϪԱߣ͹һɫʯϣһ޴ΧҶȣ֮мдŴһɫ޻ǡ
Ҷɫ԰ףѪɫ󣬿ȥĺ괹ӵͷ
ػһսҶȼȫ̶ʹòѪļͬʱĵ£ҶͷһػʵǿЩҶҲ䵽;ĩ·
ģҶȸоһжûɶֻأǳ仯һһжȻ״̬ƣ£Ѿû˰ʢԵʣήĻѾԵ
ֻʣһ̣ѪڷȼգԴԴˣҶЩԲ
ԪԪӿڣѪŭһУ캣
󣬾ԼҹϻָҶѾָ߰˰ˡ
ػµʱ̡
ɷѪΪһ壬ҶȸойڷϢʮӴ󣬲ںɷǰһжͽ͵ģأҲ޷ɷƣǷơ
ͺñȷأһӣô
ȶȻܻ׽һǿߣǧһɱúɷǿԪ֮󣬵ԪѪ֮γɵϢͻƵʱкܴһȫͻءضԡ
Ҷ׼ƺɷɱػʱԺͻȻƮ
һɣ˵ֱǴҩʱΪˮǴߣһ·߸ͽ
ԭôǺѣǾ̫
ҶȶʱЦ˻Ҫ׼ţҪǿʵû뵽һеõôףֿɵá
ٵƬ̣Ҷɷ˲俴ɫ֮Уػ˫ס´󵶣Χͷǿһɷûг֣һ֣Ƭ̻Ϊҽ
ǵɣܼôãһжͽ͡
˫һ֣ɷʱ䣬ɷͨζһ£ػŵֱ£նǿֲɷʱ
ȻǺɷ𡭡ôᣬ½𣬴ǱΪֲ𰡣
ػ´󵶾Ϳʼܣշɳףһɺɷͷɹߣ˳˿´գػѱɷˣأȻɷһ¾ͷˡ
һССɣӵ˿·ػֿ֣ںɷǰ̫νģںɷǰɶҴ⣬Ҳֻķݡ
ӳְɣ
һ£סػѪ˲ƷӰػ֮гɿֲ
ɶ񡭡ɶ񰡣
ػ˲֪ʲôˣõɾǿߣȻװ׿һΪһСɳߣĲʰ
ٲֻ·һ
찡ǵ
ɷػһ˿˿Ҷȴ˲䣬ͷֵɾ̺һԪط֮ԪطԲͻͻƵɾﵽɾҶȸܵϢ֮еء𡢷硢׵ȵԪֻǶԲ
Ѫ¯յ󣬻Ȼ¯ںϣԽȣԽͣѪ¯øӼ̡
һ˿˿ӰػѪ¯ʳں¯¯¯ڳһĤϼ֣һһ㣬ޱȣȽ¯ڻữΪڣʵʵ徧ڣʱ޼᲻ݣһС
갡ôװ׸˼ҡ
ʱ䲻ƣ뱾Ԫһ룬ٹãͻȥûԪֻһ已̥
䣡
һֱӴҶ屬ҶΪģΧһȫǻ棬治ԪԼɫԪء
ǿƴҶͫŷҶһЦż죬Ȼͻأ֮ͨػ廹дþͻɰأء
棬֣ͻص
ͨ飬޴ɣ壬ʼͻغһ硣
أ߿ԲÿԷԺԪҪʳ
弸ࡢǡ⡢һһǿﵽͨ״̬һңԿʼһӵʿͨ
Ҷֻʵǰһֹǿ٣ͻأûҶеõʮأһ̣ӵж캳صֻͻƵɾ
찡ȻͻأҵҸоǿޱȣ֮УػסȻû񣬷ŷܵס
ɣҽ۷ɡ
Ҷ̰ХհػѪ¯ûж仯ֻ¯ڶӡ¯Ӽ̡
ͨ龳ĵ죬ȻҶȿ죬ǳޱ棬ŷкһҶȡ
أޱȣŸͨ飬Ǹз̽£֮У
û뵽ֱյʿ;ߵֵزԺҪһеǿ
ҶĴӵѪ¯һشڣٶǳ˼ʮϺɷԺҶȿֱӽƵˣȡͨѪ¯ֱתΪ
һ룬ҶȾͼѣȥ»˭ȼ磬壿һǿ߹޵õһҶȣȴΪۣѪ壬Żǿ
ţֻҪһ㣬ҪģŬȥδ
Ҳɳȥ
ϱۺ񣬰ػͻȻüۣþһֱڵϡ
ǲ
˲飬⣬ֱӱɷԴɣػƺһʮ꣬ͷȫˡ
ţ
ϢԣҶͷȥɷӰػʹѣػͷ
֣Ϸܰװװ㣬ȥɱҰ׼ˡػ飬԰Ҷ塣
ƨǧǰ׼ͬɱҶҶˣǧ򣿡Ҷһɱȡ

ػ쳤ХСû뵽Ҷҹȥͦ˽⣬ȻǸڵ㣬ֻһͷոճͻãͻᱻɱҶһԶʧ½ǧǰǸҶһʧʷ֮С
ǾĿԴ
Ҷȸ߸ϣһɷ𻺻շҶһϹŴɢ춯ƣӸ£һϧԶ޷鳾ʼҪΪģ㲻᲻࣬أֻңࡣ

ɷڰػϣһҽУ˻𣬺ɫĺɷ˲ߣȻҽδ¡
๼
ҶɷɱػһɾأãȻޱߵĻƻ裺ȥϣš
һգʧڽƾ׵Ļƻֺ֮С


63 ½һ
½ԴḻԻ½룬½ʥأ֮ããɽݺء
ɽɽɽ壬ŵ
ţ½һţƾʷӵʮӣµӼ鲼½ķ
ŵӴŷΪӡԺӡԺӡܳӡʥԺӡ
ǣɽĳǳأŵؽ磬ƿҲǰ׼һλүҲйߣ׼ҹͬˣȴš
׼ֻϵƿߣʼգһŹ
ڣһ¥Ҷȣڷţ䵱򵼣Լ֪һһʮҶȡ
Ҷȡǵ죬֮ǰҶȺɲǼ棬ҶҶԶҪǣ˽µ·ŵǡ
ȿƣɰزΪԺӣӺѹʮӣÿҪɴֻֻۣͻɰأΪԺӲ΢΢ùЩ
ۣɴֻ
Ҷһʧ̾ΪΪʿÿ춼Ϊӻʼ𡭡ţ
˵ͷüһĨΣƺ£̾ǰӲѹÿʱ仹Ҫô£ᱻϳţЩҪⶾ֣žʮֺùһЩСǺĵӣӾ͹ĺΪӪ
ԺҲʽӣӵʽݣҲ޵λֻӵжжѨΪԺӲ¥󣬶ܳӾǿ̫࣬ӵжɽȨʥԺӵλߣӵɽ壬ܽʥУͬʱӵȨͨϣͿֱնɱԺµӣܳӣҲ⵽ʥԺնɱ£ʥԺһǸ߸ϵɣźģһΪ
ԭһɣҲɱ
ߣʲôɣһʵΪĵطûʵֻɱֵҲܳΪŵأػԺӣѾܳϴͷΪܳӣһֱԺܳĵӣӵλϱӻҵõʶʥԺҲ⶯ʥԺһǾɾ޵ǧҪնɱ壬ֻ·һţȻû⵽ɱ֡
磬Ϊţһ㱳пҲ屳һܣʥԺҲ⶯֡
Ҷһƣ޵ҲΪϵţҲһ
ͬĵͷȷʵأնɱԺӣȴûõŮУ¹ϣǸھԺӶ£壬ݴţ߻ʥԺӱݻ֮ţ򲻿ǣźƣֵܳá
ҶԸҲ˽⣬ֻҪҶȣòʮֹ֣Ҷȶᵱʲô¶ûУһߣǾͲͬñ˺ҶȼˣҪҶնɱôֵܡ
ھ뿪ʱԺѧɰأտʼǶұȽҪͻɰءҶɰֻһ֮ңͻҲǳ££Ҳڸ¾ͻơ
һ룬ĵֵܣҪźʱһŵλеģΪмλܳӣþͻһλʥԺӡ
ţ
Ҷüͷһ壬һṦҶʵǾΣξŵλҲԣҾͻʱ뾣һ𡣡
ҡҿǱһţҵλȻΪʥԺӺʮܳӡЩĽ˵
ʥԺӡҶΪ֮һ𣬾֣ʥԺӣǸΪɣ½ǰ˵仰ܷ츲أҾȻλΪǿʮֹ
ҶᵽǴ½֮һ׼ҡؼҡҡܱȵģҿҶһʱڵļ壬ӵǧʷҼҲвǿߣűȼ硣
½ϼ壬еĲΪ֪е񾣼Ȼ˽֪ڴ½߶ڶʥԺӣģӵг֧š
ϸֵģʱͶң뿪ˣܻܲھվסš
ͿԼӦû⡣Ҷĵһʵ˵磬ʲôûУʵ
ֵɽҪСֵǶŮǼŻ϶ٴ֡
ˮڣǶԹŮһύȥС£ţȲ
ҶĿһޱȣһᣬְͷѼ᰷ڵ£ס˵
¡
ɱ
ͻȻ¥дײһ캿УһʱŲ¥ޱȡ
㷹ֵܣ߰ɡͳʮƽϣҶȴ뿪䡣
¥㡣
޻ڣ㡢Ȼɱֵܡ
ʮŵӣΧʮͷˣŭޱȣһȭͷӺϣһ߱Ϻŵӣ廹ڲѪضǣû˶
Ʋһ˴ͨɫۣұ߰ͨŵ۴ͬǰۣȥƮ硣
ۣĵλֻԺӲܴۣԺӣʮˣֻܴɫۡ
λˣͷ߸˿û˷ƽĵƾҵλɱ˾ɱˣȥңҾù˵űǡ
ɶ񣬾ùˣǱҲпɽΪ㾣ʥԺӣǱҲʥԺӡͷǸ쵽ʮĸ߸ӣΪʬ壬ˣܵưͣŲңҲпɽˡ
ͣ
߸Ӹ˵꣬ھùԱˣֱӻ֣һĨɫ߸Ӳӣʱͷ룬¡һز
ùˣɱ˱ǣʲôұˣ˴ָ۾δգ£ʲôɱ˲գֳۣˡ

˵һ˭ن£ԷʲôˣԺӣЩԺӵλһΣɱǣ浽Ҳ޼£ؼ뾣ù˶ǾҵˣңǿӵʥԺӵǿ塣
ߣǵţ
˰ʬ봢䣬ˤһӵĻβͶȥ
˾Ա˼򣬾Ʊ֮˸ܳӶѣҲͻƣùˣǼȾƣһȺﻵ¡
ɣ
ù˸ɱںȹ⣬Ȼһŭ棬ΧֵˣȫߣĿɨ¥ʱͻȻվһ
ĪǾ޻ڵĵܵܣǸûõĵܵܣһ㶣֮ȥҲ־Ŀ⡣
ֵܣںעЩǾ
¥ݼ䣬Ҷȡ
š
Ҷȵͷת˲俴򾣾ù뾣󲽳ϢҶȸܵҲͬζ
ȻиԺӡ̴ӳɫ˵Էݡ
㣬⼸ȥˣҲûϢ绹ΪˣȺֵĴѰ㡣
ùһ׺ЦݣϸҶȡ
ӡϤˣоùˣ羣޻ڵѡ
Ҷһ̣Ժ֮УоܣͶԷ·˵ԼòȵȣҶһ¾ϳԷʩ񣺡˴磡
òЩ֡ĿҶŲϡ
Ҷ̽ܣλ;ʶģо֮
һɽһֱ㡣
ùòͷȴֱӴҶȼ뾣¥ûд˼վڶ¥Ҷ΢΢գգۡ
ҶȻ˸񣬾뾣ùˡ뿪¥ʧ˺֮С


64 
ɽʸƵɽ
һƬƬɽƺֺཻ޾һȥֲɾ˼á
Ͽȡɽ洦ɼϽԻʹ͵죬ʯƬ
һ۵ŵӣڴɨ¥ҶϴҩݣֻǸ˴޷Ҳвݣ̧ľʯ֮һƬæ
ЩͶӣȫżӡ
˼壬ֻŹһѣʲôʱͻɰأʲôʱຣأһȡ
ɽۣ֮һ߰ɵİʯòԾ֣֮·塱
·壬ӵΧʮɽ壬ǾʥԺӣµ
£źպʥԺӣλ߸ϣ˾һ֣˸棬ž֮һǧ꣬޵ɾһأվ۷壬Ȩ£ڶࡣ
žžž
һ¥ǰһλԺڳͷӣޱޣһһ޳򣬱ޱ޼ѪЩӿɶأȻ˶ȴҷһףɶһ𾴣ţȴ硣
֡
Ӱֺ֮ҶȡùˡˣùͷŵǿֱͨշУҶզ಻ѣɲͬɣǿҲֻܵͿմ粽УֿһҪأɾͬǿС
޴λʮ꣬ùˡæվʩ񣬼Ҷȣһ㶣ֹЦֵܣɻˡ
Ǿ֣ͬʱţǸʹļһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʩòϲֵͻƵɾٳ߸ͷһ
Ŷôûͻƣ˲ˣһۿҶΪڼǰҪͻʮأɼȥûͻƣ˾磬˰˼⡣
ڱչأԼȥɣҪúüͣùأƺҶȡ
ù뾣һͬ뿪˲ҶһԣСǰʱܾԭսܸ˶Է
ԭֶҶ˵İԭһǾұۣ·аԵϱʵǿ󣬸޼ɵ뾣羣޻ڶĦû뵽Ȼܸԭ
ţͬһ壬ҲĦҲɱ¾Ȩ֮ﶼʧ˵ĵطɱ¾
޻뾣ԭҪܳӵǿ·Ҳͷһܱ޻Ȼһȡ
֮Ҷݱ𾣷֣ɽȥ
һйģĹ¥ôߣǰһɫң޻ڵӴָۡ
ֻнܳӡʥԺӲʸס޻Ǿ¿֮ˣ蹬ˣ޻·ȾԭλһȣȻҲܵԭơ
޻һսܣƺľܴܵӡ󡣡
ʵʵԭ޻ڶ֣ǵõһֶҲ׾ӡ
ҶʯǰǡײԺӣ˼ҶȣҲû飬ֱ߿
Сڻˣã֪ͨˡǰһ˸λԺӣһۼҶȣӭ
ԺӵˣǵλԣҶȺòԾϸϸ룬ҡͷȴˣڸˡ
һ仰ҶȱԼٷɭ֡
ˣСľѾ˰ռ˶֪ǵɶأС϶Կˣǰ˿϶û۸СָΣա
ɫأű
һɽ壬Ҷȴֺ£ǰһʯǾǰ֮أо޻ôһλǿ磬ԺӾӵʯڸټ
ţ
˳ּСʯһ࣬ҶͻȻܵмѪڲָܵҶǵɾʿ
մ磬ģսԺӣӵдһ۷ʵʯǰ˸ߡ
֣Ժֵߡ
ǣǡ
ʯƷҺЩʳڷ䣬ʿдһЩ϶Ѩżвɼġ
ţ
ͻȻҪλ̧üһƳڣŷ𶴴ʲô˼ɫһ䣬Ŵ˷ɳʯ˲Ҷʯغ˸һĨ
֣ϵãԱλƲ꣬ɫã̶ʲô
ա΢΢ף࣬աҶȱȭԭֵܣ겻ֵȥ
պȻĿһɣЦǺǵĵֵܣЩ꾳ƺû٣Ǻǡ
գǰھʶ
Ҷƽ糣ǰԾһҲ뿪˰ɡ
ҲţԭǾ޻ǸܵܣǶ˵ˣ羣޻ڰھԭ£㻹ţû˿ɽֻ·һһĨѿڶ
ԴˣҶĬţȷҪɽҲгΪɽؼ˲Ÿټҽа塣
ԳֵҶһ˷ϣ㻹߰ɣʧƣû˿ɽαصҵˡ
˵ĶԣΪ仰ܳ衣һأҶкȤǵɶءأҲ⣬ǵأһ˿
ߣմ磬ַʲôֵܰ߱ǣһλִ꣬ǿ˵
ž
˵꣬ȻշһƣϣţһѪŻ
㡭ŵᱩףݺݵҶȡ
Ҷֵ֣̲³嶯ֱſָ֣һ֣γһɿֲץҶȡ
һȺ
ǿƣҶͣ˿壬ۿָϮʱҶȺȻһȭޱǿֱԷײһ
ͣ˺󼸲оֲѣŷ𿴵ʲô˼Ĺ¡
֣Сģʱ򣬾ռҶһȻû壬ֻСġ
Ӧһϣ˱ʮףغʹȥأֻëڵϴ
֮ǲߣɱ֡˲ſҶȺĮȻ˵
գ۹ǾȻСϸһдܣӣĲʣ㡭
ߣƺԸ񣬸û뵽ȻһдܵһأʵڵɶءأոͻƵһأ֪Ƕ֣գգۣǱȥ
վס
աǱ뿪֮ʱͻȻһװĺ£һѪɫأ־

Ӱأ޻ڵλˣһˣɽӣۣ͸ϡ
磬ѾһȺˮˣûҪˮ
˲䣬ҶȾͷ뾣úĮҶ֪Ǿ޻ڡ
޻ھϣһĨһӣһǿ籩ֱɨȥ˾ֺʧ
Сγȥ꣬Ȼ޵һǿʵ˶ûϺôԾ޻˵
Ϊܵһؾʲôߡ
ĮȻƳһҶȣ̴һɳ졣
ҲһĸֵҲĽᣡ
ҶջĿ⣬ʯһʯ㣬һʯҶҲûʰֱʯʼɰء


65 նɱ
䣡
ɱ塣
һɫʯУڱһλ˴һƣһȭʯ÷飬ʯҲ΢΢𶯡
ȥ˵ҵˣߣǼͰһҲ벻Żʲôá
˷ŭ쳣һָʹɻˣ⼸ȥѾû
ǣУ߳һλˣˣϢȣˮԵ
˹£磬ҪСЩ·徣ǵء
ʲôǰʱ䲻Ǿԭ°ܽɻһҪѾѺѩܣҺʱ䵽۸ķϣ°첻ãһô˴ʥ֪˭Ҳ۷źݹ⡣
ɻһЦץģһɣܴܵһأҲϻ챦ǡǱҲǵģھ޻ڣҲŲǿɽ²һأˣѾͻɶء
֪ͺãȥɡ
һ֣һһȥǱһˣվ͸ޱȰ·嵹ȲǾɱ壬һλʥԺӣΪߣʥԺһ㲻ΪС¶ìܣߣߣɱ⡣
·塣
ǿɻһڸˣ
ҵ£ǾɱˣɱǿʥԺӣ߸ϣҴͻɶأǴ˾绹Ҫһأǣȥ֣˭ôùǵɱҡ
ֺϿգɻһʮڷɽ·ӿ۷׷ףһһȥ֡
ԽԽˣЩ˶ǿֵ֪·嵷ģԾңΪһˣæҲˣȥ֡
ţ
ʯеҶȣȻܵһɹǿϢ˹ʱҶѺɷ棬ػɢȫʵִһ㣬ϾҪͻɰء
ҳ
ʮһһأΧΧۣһǾҵˡ
Ȼˣ˵С
޻ڳʸ֮ģ·ʧ˴ƣ⾣ùˣû˿԰۸ҵˣͷӶȴһϷݡ
үүף޲̰ʯȥһҶȵĿֲĺޱȡ
һȺں֮ڣôղŻûܵѵϴѾ㣬ΣұҪնɱ㡣
һƽ֮ʯ
𣡡
ɻ߳һλɶʿɻͷʾ⣬˫һ֣һɰγһ޵Եɶȫֱӳʯɱ¡
ˣˡ
һˣҡҡͷ֪ɶأҲûаսһֻսԺӣ⼸޻ҲһأôǶض֡
žʯڵ֮£Ϊ֮һ̺һлΪУա
Сӣ͵͵Ц˻£ھߣ˭ӣ·塣
ǿʲôҼͻȻȥֻһ⻺
ʥĽ⣬һҫۣһƽ䲻ҶγɵĻƽףǰȭռ̬ס
׹Ȼǿܿɶعڴ֧ţҲҪڸղһ¡ҶȽȽأԵ֮ÿӡ
ȭɹȻ޵˼飬أȻסɶһŰʱ
һʱ֮䣬˷һƬꡣ
ɻȣΪɶʲôûӹңȥɱ塣
ʲôңҪҸʲôĵҶ߲ѣҴУ۸˵ģǿǿ
Ҿǵ˾ôҼҴʥɻ쳤Хƺ˵ġ
ԭ˽ɱˣãҾˣɣҿҶչɱ׼ɱһͨ
ɻֱӶ֡
ɻ㵨߯˰ɣ·£
޻ǳգһǿʢɢֱӵҶǰˡ
˺һǸܵ޻ڵǿϢһͿɱǣֻɻԭز޻ڣҵң
ҵң̫ʢɱˣˣҲ˵޻ǿƣǿУȴżɵ
ԣɱҾҵˣд
ʱ˿̣˲ŷӦۼһ𣬷ңɱ˿ԣ·ɱˣͷߣǸ·ɱˣպ󾣼ҵˣ˭˶նɱ
޻ڣĪҽӲӡ
ʱ˷ͷߣǺɫǱλˡ
ԫĪһսˣ޻ڵЦ˿ѶԷϾԫأ޻ȷʵء
ԫüڷŭûܵ޻Цһսǳģڡ
ң鷳İɣ
˫ɱԶԣŭʱҶȴǰһ侲֮£뾣޹أɻеһºʥ̨һս𣿡
д⣡ɻһЦû취ɱҶȣΪҶȾ⡣
ʥ̨λʥ壬ŵƽĵط
ɻǿƣãһºʥ̨֮һ
͵źʬҰɣƲŹѹҶȻᣬҲԼơ
ͣ
ԫ׼ɻ׼뿪ʱ˭֪һӰѸײڶ֮ǰһѪӱţͷأ촦һͳһʬ塣
ɶ񣡡ɻȻûзɱƤӵ£ȻҶһɱݵ֡
һʱ䣬ҡҵˣסˣǶţҶȾȻ£ɱˡ
ҵʲôңˣ˵ձһˣŭҵ³˭Ǿɱ߸ϵʥԺӣ˵ҵĻڽĳ죬ҲҪնͷ
˵棬ҶȾȻ˵һ춯صĻҺ;ǰҶⷬǿЦһЦѣ˭ţһϣɱʥԺӵ͸Ҷһǧ꣬Ҳܡ
նɱʥԺӣԶᷢ¡
֣һºȡͷż
ߣԫһ£ɻ˲ò뿪ֻǣ·ǰǻ뿪
̫ʹˣɱúãɱԺͲٵôߡ
һʧ󣬶ϧҶûӰֻһ档
絹С㣬һ¡ǧҪʧ޻˵꣬ΪӰʧ
ɶ񣡡
ɱ塣
ɫǱԫɣŵΧ˶Ҷһ£ҪʬΣɻúУһºҪնСӡ
ģֻпɶΪأҿ쵽۷壬նɱһЩҲκ⡣
ɻĵ
һҪնɱСӣֵܵɶأǸţһɳ˼顣
Ҳá
ɢȥɣúУҶ
ԫû˻֣밵ҡ


66 Ѫڤ֮ǹ
һĺƴɽ壬Ϊɲ塣
ɽ罣²ɽγٵĽɽ
Ŷһºʥ̨սǿߡ
Ѩ֮УҶԶҶ·巢һ˵󣬴һҶһδ޴ǰãնɱ˵ɶأػҪؽ֡
Ҷ뿪·壬һʱ뵽ţȥҶңҲȥͶֻһһԱ
һº󣬾ֵŵʱ̡
˿ҶʵԽնɱҶֺϷΪֹҲҶȵжǿ
ֵܿޣһº󣬴ǰȥʥ̨ٵҶʱ䣬뿪
ⶴ󣬴ֻʮƽʿ˵СĿ
ΪԺӣôһǲһûԺ˵ǿϰٱ
ͣ
ǿͷųѪ¯ȼգҶȥҶȼһ㣬Ѫ¯֮Уһ˿ɫ쳣
£ͻɰأʵɻҲУҪܴۣҲϲҵô챻˷֣ɼ׺ͲѪ壬ͻưأնɱɻͶ˼ذա
ȼ£ҶһУһ˼
ȶ
ͻȻһϤ֮ŷӺɳ޵紫
壡Ҷȼѣû뵽ʱ֡
徫ȫϣֲģܵľ仯Ϣ֪鷢
ԽֻҶȻǸо嵽Ѫ岻йҲйͻƵɾŽ㣬ţʱпվԺǰѹŽ㡣
Ѫ壬ţ
Ѫ鲻ԽȣҶԴѪ壬֪ôϹ湦ж˵ãйţһڲͬס
ôΪѪڤ֮ǹһţʮ£嵱ΪҲδ̽أĿǰѪڤ֮ǹ͵壬ƻҲһ㹦ǿ
²˵
Ѫڤ֮ǹһͰԵޱȣǾѧ
ҶȳţлǺ˽⣬Ҳ֪书ŷΪѧ
ޣԵΪҪֹͨ·ߴزϹͨﵽͨء
ޣѧΪѧʱѧԶʼȭţֱʿѱȭ֮רš
ȭЩɹʵǵͼѧ
ϣ֮أͨ
Ѫڤ֮ǹƾѧλΪģΪϸ֣Ѫڤ֮ǹҲ޷ƽ⺮ˣԣʵ;ţҪȥһЩ鼮൤ҩ֪ʶ֪ʶʵۺˣѪڤ֮ǹ֮Ѿ֮С
꣬Ī治
Ѫڤ֮ǹ
֮УȻģҶȾͷǣͨѧҪȥ⡣
Ѫڤ֮ǹӵ㲻ͬţ߾粻ߣ֮ҲͬʼѪڤ֮ǹ·ߣ֮
ҶȸоѪڤ֮ǹͲѪϵһϹǾ춯ء
첻֪ȥѨ֮УҶͻȻſۣ˫һ֣һ֮гһһ׶೤ɵѪɫǹ
Ѫڤ֮ǹ͸ѪײϢѪһѪķӡӡԽ࣬Ѫڤ֮ǹԽӲ

Ѫڤ֮ǹع£ѨڲŷҪѪڤ֮ǹ£Ѫڤ֮ǹ״
ϧڵɾһ£ҶֻѪڤ֮ǹ壬޵ø߽ף޳Ѫڤ֮ǹ̬ʱħħ֮䣬޼᲻ݡҶѪڤ֮ǹѣһǹȥоǰػֵɶǿߣҲֻ·һ޷赲
Ѫڤ֮ǹ壬֮治ˣͻɰأٸѪڤ֮ǹϼӳҶѪڤ֮ǹͷѪ¯
˸ƷһŸ磬ΪͻƵɾУǹؼʱڣһ˵
˰£ҶȻûͻɰأòӴóһزò취
ǣ
ڣҶ˲ҧƣʱ֮䣬ϯҶȣͷѪ¯УʣҶȾõһ󣬶֮УֲҺ塣
ëϴ裬׳Ҳϴﵽ֮塣
ҩھ⡢ʣ岻ںϣҶȸоԽӯԽޱȡ
ȻҪƷƷ߼ҩһϲѪ壬Ų꣬Ҿͻɾ磡
ʱ˿̣ҶȲǵǸ϶ûУУҰøԶĲ
䣡
һɻҶڣҶȣȼţ˿ţҶڻ֮Уܵ
ʱܴеҶȣŷһɽһɽѹһϢŷײأѹһС
ɰأ̩ɽ硣
̩ɽɣӵѹƿѹ̩ɽβƣһ̤ŷ̩ɽ٣ѹһУںϣܿԪкԪƿԪѹԿһɼɿΧ԰ѵοסնɱ
ʹ죬ŷԽأֲãɰһˮ룬Ϊʽӵı׼
ڻ£Ҷȼѣϸϸ̩ɽֱأֻһִ󣬰أֻǿʼƿԪԪѣ˿ԿƲֿռһ̩ɽѹһС
ھͷѪ¯ҩҪͳͳգȡﵽ۷壬ؾָͻơ
ҶȳͷѪ¯ӡҩҩϽˮҶ˺󣬽ǳ˽ӣѪ˺Ҷ壬ء
ȼɣ
Ҷȫ߶£Ѫ¯һȼȼգҩںһ壬ƽҩںٶȣҩҲ˷ѡ
أҾȻͻƾͨʱٷһٷְͻƾأöŲʱ֮裬Է⡣
Դ쳣ûбǿҩϴˢͷԡ
ҶȾ֮УҩҪ߶ҩγɴ֮壬Ϊɴ¼̻
Ѫڤ֮ǹɣҪһؼӳ㣬ۺ񣬲ǿӲǹأϿնͨ
һѪӰ˸Ѫڤ֮ǹΡ
ڰ£ҶȿʼϿѪڤ֮ǹᷨţһӳУѪڤ֮ǹֻĴָڱСֱ۴֣ﵽСӳһһ㣬ȥѪһƬ͸
Ѫڤ֮ǹȵһʱǿһǹҾͲΪصɻܽӵǿҲ˲ѡ
ҶֳѪڤ֮ǹڻ֮Уǻ棬ŷǵ֮𣬶ҶȾһڤ
ڤֳѪڤ֮ǹڵ֮Ѫڤ֮ǹɱ¾һжħŷвųֵľ
м죬ҿѪڤ֮ǹٴѾ۷壬ǰؿնɱɶأڣѪڤ֮ǹͷƾѪһս
ܵǿҶһûеΣǼӳѪڤ֮ǹϹ


67 ¶â
ʥ壬ŹȻΪĶɽ壬ɽо޴ʥ̨һλܣһ޴ʯ̶ɣ磬вٵطѺۣЩսµĺۼ
ʥ̨һ콾ĵطҲһ֮ء
лԻͳɾͣҲʧ䡣
ΣҶ÷ӳѩʤ
ҾѺҵˣ÷ʲôʥԺӶûҿλʥԺӣ䶨ˡ
̨ϣǧһΧۣдԺӣٲǼӣԺ١
ʥ̨ÿ춼ŵӶ䣬ԺӵܳӣɫɫʥԺǧʥԺӶ䣬ǲǷƼʻᣬŵӹս
һ㶷䣬ˣˣգмٻӰʥ̨ߴʮɵʥ̨ϣȻŮɫۣԺӡ
䲻Ů٣ֻҪܶ䣬
λŮӣĪԼʮͷʣˮˣ¶ɱһָұ¡
ߣ÷ӳѩҽѵ÷ҿŹΣ÷ܱȵģգҲҪúýѵūš
ҲλʮŮһЦǶˣһˣòɣͤͤ
úýѵ÷ңϡϰҵӣġ
Ҳ䣬úüѵǿ
÷ӳѩһ÷ҵҲӣ춯أŷ̨ŮҪܡ
һȺһҲ̨䡣
һȺϢǿӷʥ壬ͷߣԫ߻мλͬԺӵǿߣǵأһ֮ңͻؽܳӡ
ţСӻû
ɻ߳һɨЩʧһɱȴڲŨҡ
ûҵˣɻŵò˰ɣ
ģŹ棬Ȼ¶䣬ҪμӣȻҪɣһҲͬ⣬ǧûз¡
ʥ̨һ࣬λҵ˽š
û뵽ɽȻôãûеʥ塣
ֺ֮УӰطɹּ䣬Ҷ׷£ɳɭ֣Ҷȡ¡
ָǰһ޴˸âʥɽֵܣǾʥ塣
ȥɣҶʩչٶȣɿֺȥϣٶࡣ
䣡
ʥ̨һˣ÷÷ӳѩһ磬÷ӳѩһѪأһϢ
÷ӳѩڸᣬͶ㣬ͶҲֻȡͷ
ߵ÷ӳѩǰֳһɫһʱѹ÷ӳѩϣһɱڡ
ҡ䣡
ǿʢɱĮ÷ӳѩܵʧϢ³һʬ壬мˣ÷ӳѩòͷ䡣
һΣԺţңǱˣһնɱ㣬ţֶΡüһɣջر˵꼸仰󣬱ص̨˵ء

ͻȻڵʥ壬ɻ쵴ֳһصӣͷϣʥ̨˲䰲ǧǵĵӣû˸֨ԺҲţΪԷңӵʥԺ֧ŵĳʵ
˭ҵĹûйغãҷͣСҧˡ
ʥ㾲ҹžһ嵭мɽһഫҶ˫Ŀע£֣Ҷֱӷʥ̨վڹ̨ȴ
͡
޻һǿԺҲ֣вŵ
ûҺҾȻˣкϷɺã׼ע
̨ϣֿʼһֶĲҺܶ˲ϼ룬Ͼ˫ӵʥԺӳ塣
Ҷȳ޻΢΢ͷȻĿȲֵɻϣĮȻǣɻҪҾͳȫ㣡
ߣһϣҶʽӽҴʽӺúýѵһȡͷɻɰԵ㵱ǧӣҲһǿƣҡ
찡Ǹɰأҿû
һոճΪԺӵˣȻҽµǿ߶䣬ҲΰɣҪѺңұ䡣
Ҳǡ
Ѻʤ
˶˵Ʒѹɻϣǿõɿ϶ɣһǵأҪԺӵ
һߵʱȴƫƫѹҶϣţҲΧ׷óرѹҶȡ
ʥ̨δս̨Ѿսȼ
һ߸ϣģǴĵΪҶһɱҪɻնɱ̫بŲӶһ
Ӫǰԫ벻ǿ߰̽һȻмž޻Ц޻ڣҲҸҶһѣ
ûʲôҵģľͶġ޻ڿһҶȣͷӦ
ԫһθ취չ¶֣һӣʥ̨Ͽգ䣺ʮͽȻѺڷɻϡ
á޻ںԥ̴Ӵóʮͽ׷Ͽգʮһھ޻ϳɫʮɲһС
ɻʮУʮڽͷ׸ҡԫ̨ϣ˵ĵ
ʮУǸеôСɰأһҲһи㶨пͷ
ʱ򣬲ԺԺһĨȤ

ɻͻȻ˫һ֣һץһɹһĻ޴ֱ֩ӳҶѹ
ǿ£ҶȾСϣʱᱻɣûз֮
ֶΣߣȭ
ǿ󹥻ҶһЦ֣ŵһץһɹѪγһ޴ȭͷչָץ
žָһץһʱը޴ָȻɻץȥ
ţŰ
ָƽɻֲһ˲䣬ʥжǲ˼飬𺳣ǾȻһɰߣֶͨΣѸ߸ϵǿ߹˲仯⣬ͬȾҲ
˭Ҷȵ￴ѾѺɻˣ˭Ҳϵ־仯
޻֣ܵţҲûŰɣ
ӪУһλǿߣԾ޻˵
޻ûбκ˶𾪣ǿžɳģʲôţֻǱһʺһЩ⼸겻޻ܿһһң޻ҲоԼͬĸĵܵܣ仯޴ݵĸо
ղֵң
ɻǱ׼һֹʱͻȻҶȳ֣˫ָ߸һ޶Ѫɫſֲ
¡
ˣƿԣգۼƾͱˣʵڲţɻһΪȻһɰվϷ硣
彣
ѣɻȻһɫڲӣҪʩչǿһ
ͬʱ䣬ɻһȥһ𣬾Ȼһѷ죬ɻҲһ麹Ƶ˺󼸲һȥ
ͣ
һ˲䣬һӰɻƣһģɻԴ
彣н㲻ĴԺҵģȻ
Ұžʥ̨ϣһ˫˫𺳵۾£ҶȾȻɻһУʬ嶼ûзŹ˴٣ʲôҲŹ
СǸҵľУնɱ˵ǿߣɻ
ɰأԽնɱԽ˺üһǿԽ˾磬նɱɾǿߣţţ
ֳʱһ̾
ԫҾͲˣЩ޻վһץնǼУЦֲ£졣
Ҫߣԫ˫Ѫ죬˻һҶȥ
ղʩչѪ֮ٶȣնɱɻĿ֮£ɼ͵Ϯ˲նɱ׶١
ǧ˫Ŀ⣬Ҷȶʱٷߣһͬʧ
޻ڴҡ쾣ˣǧǰ뿪ΣӮ˴˫գ׬һʡ


68 
Ŷ
ģۼ֤ɰնɱء
ţʮնɱɶԵɶնɱǿߣĪҡ桢ʮӢ־һ
һְɣţװ׿һųɳ
ˣ˵£

ɽ壬ʥ̨ɻһսնɱǵ;նɱ߾ԽսܵɵԹɳΪ
ŷҶȾǺҹǿǣۣ۸ӣ˭֪»ᷢʲô
ɲ壬
ڣҶڷָʵնɱɻȫʵĽ룬ɻ̫УҲ׾Ҷɱ
ÿսһΣҵʵҲһҸоöãҾͻɾء
УҶȻָ߰˰ˣһֹͣУӴó᰷ƣʱ᰷ڹͨһʲôж
᰷һɷҶĿǰʵ޷򷴿ֻΩǴӣȻɱ֮ίȫ
һע֮Уи󷨣ޱȣöɣעУ󷨶ʱתʧ
жʵΪͻƵɾϵ
˻дֹͣС
ǵɾǿߣһ̤ɾ磬ţҲǽܳеǿߣˡ
ƣҶȽüͷһɾӵؾ磬ҶȾһս֮˲л־ǿߣ᰷ڣ᰷ͻüƻ
ҶȻɷѴ֮Уɻʬʱ֮䣬ذ֮лζͣ
һߵȰػǿܻ꣬ͻƾأʮأʮֲֿҪ׼һЩǿʬ壬Ը١Ҷɷ֮⣬Ȼôʧڵ˲̣ǶԼ顣
ǶȣҶʱɱ֣ĴôͱɱɱնɱػôرԷնɱҲ޷ͻɰأⳡʤ
磬ǿʳթһ⣬ܾ촦淨ϹŲ
ʹ죬̫ˣҵ֮Уγ˶Σ˶֮ϧҲǵɾǣڵһ˵޵ö죬ʱԽնɱ߽ףǲܡ
ǿϪˮûͣҪġ
ɰء۷壬ãʱأһͻƾأ֮ͨҶͨøӵӦ֡
ʱ˿̣Ҷ̰ħϲ֮屻ϴ񣬶֮УѪ¯쳣ͣһе֮޷ģ㱻Ѫ¯ɣȻ
Ѫ¯ǿԶŵشڣҲա
ţֵܺҪͻˣ֮죬ȷʵټ
֮⣬УΪҶȰѹأ֪ҶҪͷϸһһ
һ졢졭ʮ졣
ãҾҪͻɾأ
Ѫ¯֮棬ְҶȰ߶֮žһ֮
Ҷõ֮ת龭ǡ⣬òѪƵ֮Ѫںϣޱȣʱ˿̣Ҷ͵ֱɵɸֱӴı
һ˿֮ͻˣ˵ɵˣǾ͵òʧ
ǿ󲻰Ѫƣˣ˭Ҳֱ֮յбΣգ˵УֻԶŶħֱȻޱȡ
ħϹħеһ֣ԶŴ˵һڣڣҲʹˡ
žž
ϸڲϷը֮ܵϴ񣬼Ѫ飬Ҷ֮ϸʼ飬ãҶ岻ɣӵе֮ĵ֮ɾӵеɾ壬ȥ𶯡
ʵϹвǿ߶оѵɡɡӳϣϧΪڴ̱壬ȫϣȫϸɱΪˣˡ
Сԣ
Ѫ⣬֮зըϸ΢ըҶʹ泩ѣŷһȭ֮ţѹϵľ޴ѹ
¯汼ڣȣ뾪
תγһΣҶȽƣ֮ȼգҶ˫۹֮ŷлζ
ݣ
һһ峤Ѫڤ֮ǹȻҶ֣沼·ϧҶΪ޷ӦʱѪڤ֮ǹ֮ǰҪǿͬն͵Ⱦͳ˽һ룬ңһʵʸУȻƮ죬ȷʵڡ
ͻɾأͨ磬ɰʱҪһʱ䣬Ѫڤ֮ǹڣһ䣬ҾͿٶȿǧٱԺǿߣɼ޷ƵУѪڤ֮ǹɱϧûطչƻ
ôϹ湦Ѫڤ֮ǹҶͨϴһ֤ҶѾͻɾأ֮ͨ
̤ͨɵţСɽɱ˵Ⱦ޴ͨһˮ롣
ʿޱȣֻӵӵоѧ͸¹
ҶѪڤ֮ǹһѪ¯ּ̲٣ʵһҶûնɱأٴɻֵǿߣҶȾͲɷѲѪһսŲܣնɱͨʿҲпܡ
ʮأءءءʮضҪȴ̫࣬Ͼ֮Ƿˣֻжɹ٣Ϊ壬Żú޴󣬵ʱºÿͻһ磬ء
ʮһأҪնɱɶҲףһٸһأԶնɱأһλǿߣɱǰһʿǸ߽׾࣬ţֻеɲһʽʿ½ˡ
һ֮ңҾ̤ʮأĿǰҶз滹Ǻ˽⣬Ҳ޷ңֻȥšʥ֪һСҶһ湮ΪһΪ㡣
ţ½һţȻ֮ࡣ
ʥŲ֮أܵأѧϰ֮ʥһ˲õķֻÿһŲƿء
ֵܣϲͻɾء
ҶϢʱ붴Ҷһˡ
һأʮְԵЩȥһʥ֮ʱ뿪ʥѰҶɽ֮Ҷ룬
ɴһɹͻسɣӵ顭
һĽȻţˣŲ˶ֵܣҲĴ㡣
ҲҶңĿǰҪľȥȻ׼ɽ٣ͻʮأñԣҪɽ٣ȴҪ֡
ǣ˵ɴ֮£Ҳ׼׼Щȥҳϣܲܵõϰɽٰվ͸Щ
磬Ҷɽٻ֮ǰҳɹɹȻ㣬ˣһͻƵɾأҲκβң٣Ȼڻ¡

ҶȴЦһޱȣթѣֵ֪ܣǲĲƸ


69 ب
ʥɽŽأ붼Ҫݣ涨ɭϣÿӽʥڳٴν룬Ҫٵ꣬Ϊŵ̫࣬ĳЩ˵Ⱥ顣
Ժӣȥɡ
һ֮£գƲɣױۣΪߣȻʥˣҲǣжҪ
ҶȴһλнӹƣһߴһҶԺƬ̼䣬ҶԺִʥϢ
ʥͭɫһֻ㣬ƲǺΰڲǬһ硣
̤ʥһ̣һǿӡɢɷӡҶͽҪǱӡ֮£ɣҲס
һԺ󣬶Ժǽܳ󣬶ĲʥԺ
ʮ棬Ժֻͬܿͬ飬޷ĵģΪǴ½һŵԭʥϸ˭ܰй¶ȥ
һԺҶȷռ޴Щռзӡ޷ģЩطǱҶȸ߾Ĳռ䡣
ң龲ŵӣ飬ûҲǧûע⵽ҶȵҲûʱעˡ
ҶûȤҪҵ٣ʿ㲩飬ҰӼʶдš
Ҷͷһ֮УѰҵĲ飬ԼһȥҶջһץʮǰȻһһڵϡ
棬ʱ֮ܵһѹĸо
³裬˵ħ¼ĺ¼ݸ衭ľԴ硭
΢΢һɨҶȴŰÿסˣ³衱ᷭ¼ĺʮϸ
Ϊڰв鿴꣬ҶֱͷĦÿһҳģһߺ³ǵ߰˰ˡ
ĺݣϺγһ޴λ棬Ϊλ棬½ݱ㲩֮󣬱𱱺ǵСݣ֥飬λ棬ֻǺɳһ
һϹɴսż½ħ֮սдӱָһ֣½š᰷ڡɱɣмСɣ֣ͷţ᰷ڲڣ㱾ͷ
ĺսأΪʿ֮أΣأҲ̺鱦ɱС
ʿ塢쳣ǿ󣬰мأڻ翪ʱֻħ֮ŵɣԣħˡ

ԭλ֮ϣ߼λ棬Ҳ뿪λ棬Ӹ߼λ棡
³衷ʼϸ˵ʵǹʿУ飬ҶȲ֪ж󣬱½ͷǳ󣬶ĺһްԣԶҲԵ˭뻹иָ߼λڣλҲ׺һڡ
بţǳޣ֮󣬵жҲ֪
ɣȻ٣Ʒ١ɷ١١ɽ٣Ҷڿ뿴Ϣ
ɣƷ٣аʮÿһһɹʮѣƼ̤Ʒؾ֮塣
ɷ١١ɽٶһҪʮѣÿһѶѣѣֻ࣬ʿһζɽ٣Ҫ̫࣬һģܶɽʧܡ
Ʒ٣߳سɣʮ٣ˣǧա֮Ҷȷ¡˵뵽þҪƷ٣ëֱ
һ¶£ҶȾͰѴ󲿷ֲ꣬סҶڲŸоԼһʿŷĺ˴š
Դ硷˵ҲǳҪѪڤ֮ǹʮҪ
ͬʱ飬ҶȳľĶ˷ŷһʯţΧŵһһ
֪˶ãҶȲſۣͫø䡣

Ҷȴһץʮ鼮ǰһһʼĶÿһַھϡ̶ǵ
סУֹһ£֮ǰѾ£Ҷʣʱ䲻ࡣ
󷨣ͨͨɣ
ҶȰԴ֣ʼϰַǧַֻһһÿһ֣Ҷȼݳһ֣һֽһ֣ҶγɴĵãЩҶȲϳɳҲԽԽ
ǧٹ֣Ҫ𣬻ϡвϣȰַһһϰһ顣ţҶȿʼ̣޾ϸһһݡ
ɼƷʮֶأؼرϹʱֲ֮ڣһһʧƺõķֻпʵƳǿ󷨱ǲ湦򡣡
Ҷȿ֮־Щ治㣬ץ飬ʼ䣬ʱҶ˵
ݣ
һڴһζҶۣóƣվѲһһŻԭš
ԭߴ룬ѵ
⣬ҶٴΪ˵ĸоָоرǿңҶȷ֣һУ֪ԴһУʣûʲô
涨֮ܽ´󹦣չͶ٣Ҳǰ롣һλߵûҶвס
Ҷ΢΢ʩתȥ
ھȻйϢ֮леôܣ֮ôµ֮
Ҳһӵе淨ֵҲ٣Ǹ
λˣ໥һۣ۲Ȼںһ塣
ǧţŷҶɹǧꡭɽŵҶȴδôף˼ʥһ£Ҷľõʵ
վס
ͻȻʮǿķҶΧˮйͨ
ҵˣ
Ҷƺ֪һֱδɫΪԷû޷ҸǿߣͷߣҶȼ٣бԼѵԱߣмλǵǿߣȫԺӡ
һȺں֮ڣʲôΧ£ҶΣ壬һƽЩ
һָ߳Ҷȣʲôɻõܡ
ԭˣȻˣǾͱҾҶɭϿջ
֣ҵˣȻҪΧҶȡ
Խ̬
ҶһѰѪ콣Ҷ˲ͨʱһӣһ⳯˷ɢ
䣡
ֻһʮˣȫ£һſڵʹǿҶһĴǰ߹һΡ
һȺ´Щ־õļһҶȰЦּص
˾Ǿ
Ȼ˲ãֻһУʹôһءǿߣһаֻԺӲ
ǿðӣǲ֪һ᲻ŹҪ֪ҸزʲôԺӲġ
ɭϿգΧ֮ˣʵܣҶҲѷ֣۾һȻЧ
ңֵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽԶ


70 ɵĳ
һȺûã
ɱ壬˿Ͱ͵վԫǰһͨʹʱλԺһǵأԺоӢڣ뾣޻Ϊһ
ҵȼ˲Ȼ£ʲôʱ䵽ֵزһֻ
ЩԺ߲ӣر֮ˣҶȡ
ߣžһԶžޣʥԶӱӻ߸ϣҶȶǶԣһ̤ʯһ̤ǣ˭ǿ
һһһᡭ꣡
ˣ죬ڵ˴ӲĴ
ξԺܳӣҪһҵλ

ɲ塣
ͣ
֮УҶǰƮѪڤ֮ǹգŷ죬Ҷڲ֮һطӡѪڤ֮ǹϾ񣬻硣
Ѫڤ֮ǹȫɣֻ̲֮аѹΪͨϼӳ֣Ѫڤ֮ǹʵ֮ҶΪҪ޳Ѫڤ֮ǹʵ壬ֱܣֻɾ˲
Ѫڤ֮ǹԶţԶŴܴĲ湦ԽɱһУһǹ̳ضǳ޹⣬ҶҪ뷢ӳѪڤ֮ǹҪﵽϹŴֵزѹš
һһ£Ѵʥ̨ѧĵãȫѪڤ֮ǹϣһʰȫ֮С
Ҷȷ᰷΢΢һ£˲óһһ˽ɽд֣̽񡭡
һݣרк鵤֮ҩԣų⣬ð鵤ڡ
Ժ֮Уʱְݣǵϼ¼رϣһֵҩûκųԸãǾǡþҪá
᰷ڣҲҪ䱦
Ҫɽ٣ɽ䲻ϽɽΣأ֮࣬ǡҶɽʥأɽٶųϻͬǿߣҾһ٣̤Ʒɣ
˵ÿй͵㣬һﵽĳ׼ܻȡһͻƵɣʮؾÿһضʮּѣ޵õʮأҪһǧʱ䣬ҲҪ꣬ӵдȻӱţʵôġ
Ҫ鵤ô൤ҩ;ֻм֣Ҫô͵㻻ȡҪôˣξ;ֻԼأҪ󣬸ݵȵȣ
Ҷȳϸ롣
ֵܣ鲻ãҵ̽ɲǻܲҵˣԺǲܴɲ壬ϾûԺӣ²ҡ
Ȼ߽飬Ҷǰƪ˵
壬ɽ֮У庣ҹȻƴܲ鵽粻õģӦûȷ뿪ˣҪȥɽɽ٣˲Ӹ񣬴磬һһɽ١Ҷŵĵĵ
ͷȻģ֪ҶʵֻҪұŲҲܴĽѲ飬ҲãʱҾȱչȡմﵽʮ۷壬ֵܴȥҪģɾȥ񣬶ҵҲ鷳
ڣһЩɵŹ棬Ͼͬɱ¾ϣһ棬Ҿܴɱ䣬磬ʱúñأ
һҶȾʧֻʣ˼
壬λɽʥԶ룬Ǿصʥڡ
Ȼ巽һ̫Ϊ˰ɣȻɾҪȥ񣿡
֪죬ˣҪס
ɽ֮УԺڵͿշУǧ֮ԶһӰһ޴ɽɳ۶ȥ
壬ƣ캣ŷͬڣɽ֮ϣŸֽ¥󡢱Ǳɫɫɽۣ֮ȷʵһ޴Բιûлʹȥͨ
֮䣬ɽ·ʵǣҲеϵǿֱӷ䣬ҲеʿԦɽշУϢ
ҶȻӵնɱȴأֻдﵽزշе¾磬ֻнǶݷС
رǵأ޵ö֮󣬱ɳʱУͿԶȹȥൺҪûмͻɣɣԶʱǾǰɣӵлص
˶㳡ͷӿƣҴ඼ԺܳӣԺڴټ˵ɡ
Ʒϣͻ¸硣
λԺӸ߳㳡һǵءͷһλܳӣء
һͻȻЦûɣһɾԺӣĪ񲻿ɡ
֪ߵغ񡣡˷׷Ц
֣ɱСˣоͷųţɾնɱأһͻƵɣ˵նɱءǿߡԺһԡ
ȻǾҼˣƣȻǳصġʱڹ㳡һը˹ָҶ۷׷ס
ҵţһо¡ӷʥԺӣһɳҲˡ
ֻи뾣ӷһɶأҾȴ޵ǿߣҪֻ·һ
ֵ֪ܲɣǸӢߵúܽӢҲأڳأҿҵ˷֧ţ򣬸ҰٸӣҲҵﾣҡ
ӢˣӢ;ʶǾţ߸ϣزΪһ߶԰ɣ
ʡӢۡǲţʲôЩˣпɽ类նɱЩ֮ҲΪ
㳡һʱ䴫ϲ
ţԺӡܳӻһãʵֲ̫ܳһУԺеľӢҲɱңʱҪ̣
ҶĬĬ·ϣž޲ȫڶЩˣ˭ҵҲװ衣
վס˵˸˲ţ㣿
ǧ˫Ŀ£ʮλ۵ӹȻסҶȥ·
ͷߣǸֺĶʮ꣬ŨüСۣЩͷĿζ
㿴ⲻǻƼһţ𣿡
˲ãһؿնɱأѾǵأǰһУնɱһɢޡ
˼ұлƼɽƼ󡢻ƼΨһһֵɣɾޡ
һʱ䣬ǻɢ󲿷ȴ²ȺϷݡ
Ҷƽ棬𣿡
˸˹ƺûҶȵһͷСһ֮һΪе̳ȻҪ㾡
ҲԸأҶȻһƽ
ǾͱҲʲôƨţգҾҪš治ģǿԵ
ʱӻ߳һصӣмһЦָҶȣоǱӣɲģɣϣүһȣһȺɡ
ž
˻뿪ϾͶһӡ
ÿٶȡ
㳡һ꾪̾
ҶȻصԭһЦһԣйԣʵ㣬𵽴ҧ
ӲС
治һĪɵģб¶ɱŭѣһһ߳Ʋϱ
ͻȻһ̤֮оȻӿһ߸Ծ𣬽̤Ҷȡ
ɱﵣǵɾ߼졣˸о̣һֹͣڴҶν
ף
ҶȾȻԭزûʩչֶΣȫһѪɫףţ֮·
䡭͡
ʯײڰϣ׾Ȼ˿̩ɽȴХɢ;ŰףŷҪ˺ãƷӿ졣
ƣ
Ҷȴһһ˲䱬׵һ֮⣬Ҳ֮ǱƷЩ档
ס֣˵˭ٸҷݹ顣
ڻҪʱһˮȰֱӳҶȡӿڳеֵ
ͣ
³һѪ˺ʮϺѪɫؿĺߵɣɶִߡ
֮һҲܰ
Ҷײʧɫ쳣԰ף˲䣬ҶȴδйҪֻǿŲղ衣
ȻԱ˵ⲻ裬ֻǳ𷣣ĸҶ˵һֳ衣
ҵǽˣݣ汩ףⲻֹǰȻòҶȣ˰һŻƼҵӷŭ뿪
㳡֮лһˣҶȿɾԼʱưͣ˭Ҳ뷨


71 ǹɱ
ִ߿治ֱӶ˳ֻ֣Գ͡
Գ͡ղû涼Ѫˣ֮£ȴȻ£ܽ³ͷԳͣҲɣ
ˣƼԺҪѿ⾣ȻŶ֣һУȲ塢ҲһһͻƵɾſɾ͸ˣ
ɢȥ׷ۣڶ
֣һɵӣȻܵסһ㹦ίʵס
ۺ񣬶Ұɹõ࣬ǸӣҪúâ̫ʢǺ£;˶ɱ
ƺֲջһʱգ۽ֱ㳡ֺ
ż£ż˶ྫӢӣڳƳǣʿָɾǿȴȱȽǡ
ĴһɨҶ󣬾һҶСۣСŲ½һţ֮ɵӣɨ½Сһ׮
ĳռ䣬ҶģܵмǿϢƮ޶ǿ󣬳Խףʱպ֮УܳҲԷ֣Ҷ֮Ϣϴ裬ڤڤܹ֮ͨ⡣

һˣԴ½ΪߣʿȨΪ˵ǳԽֻء
׼ڶʿȨΪĿ꣬ӵΪأΪȨϣԶۣǿյı˰
ǽпӡԼѡ
һӵ¥ߵĵãʯɣ̨ʮλڸɷ
ɽ񡭡
ҶżɸߵǽһɣСڻζ
ʱҶ벻֪һ߼Ժһ㶼ѡһԺӲѡ񣬼ԽϵԽߣԽʧܣп֮ء
Ժǵ£Ժ£ܳǵʮ£ʥԺӣһɾ
񣬵ԺӲŻȥӣԺӽʮа˾ʧܣֻһ˳ɹһǶ࿿
ͷҽôѵĪ뿴ʱ䣬ʵһزҵʵɣ
ϸϸһ׸š
ȻÿŶҪ쳣᰷˱ڣԴȻȱ½᰷ڷڣȱݣҲԼȥɼαش³̣϶ԭġ
ˡͣǱţСƣǵҸʲôŵõʲô٣õǼɵĶڡ÷ҶԽһжôס
ڶ֮УãֵҶȣóƣݸһλߣ񣬰
Ŷ
λ߼һͬҶȣ¶˼飬˸ǳЦҶȲ
ɡûɣһɾԺӣȻҽԺ񡣡
϶ĸүӵдɽ첻µز£֪ߵغ񣬰翴̫Сˡ
ŶĵӣҶȣȻ˵Ҷڮ٣һЦ
СǾղŰѻܣǶɣһеľӢأȴϡ
Īϴʥ̨նɱҵӵľ
ȵ𣬳ΪžӢҪĶǻ棬һ˭뵹˰̣һ£룬˵жԡ
ԺӣһϳҶȣΪͬԺӣǰжڹ۲ÿһһָƣһҲڳưͿÿþڱֻÿˣŻռȻ
գۼ䣬ڵҲˡ
ȻܴܵأоɣһУҲǸӣȻԸϷҲ͸¼Ҫ㣬ɽд߼ޣжڣԺҲԸȥνߣҲֻʮ˶ѣҸԺӢӡ
ȻĮ⸱飬ƺҶȸɲ񣺡͵ͦߣһöƹȡһ͵㡣
ҶȳĬԣ̧ͷһ棬˾֡
һȥҲԵǰȥɡ߲Ըٶѿ࣬˦˦֣һײҶȡ
߳˴žĿҶȣȨˣҶĬĬɽʯԶȥ

ɽλڴ½һƬأʿûһڷˡ
Ȼ²ŴﵽأɽӦþϷ·кöϢãҪҪѪڤ֮ǹĥ·â
طɽǰҶԺɫۣһȺشŴ첻ϸ·Щ͸֧
ʱؼŷֻʣƺһɽƺ֮̽ͷɬŮ־޷ɡ
ɭ֣ҶвżѰҰƹ⣬ֻҪõһͿԽûĥʵͻʮأ̤ٳ
໡໣
һƬɭֱݻ٣ڷϣʮͷޱٶͷǰΧ
ɭ֮֮ǣСʮͷǣɱһͷ
ޣĪԼ׶߲࣬࣬ԼףȫѩףβױˣӴ֮һһ߶೤
ѩZ߼ޣɭְͳһޡ
֮£ֻһߣ׳˶ë˫Ѫ죬֫ϳָѪǴ̣ǿհ£ޱȡ
ǹǣһеıࡣ
һŭ𣬷ŷҪ춴÷ɭּ𶯣ֱӸıˮ˷ȥһſŹݻ٣÷ɭ֮һ
գ
˲ڣ̤ó졣
ѩZǶˣɱˣ
⣬Ҷһɡι֮ϣζųϯɭַ棺ѩZǸ߼ޣԵأǴ඼Ǹ߼ڣֻͷǳɳڣⳡսһʱˡ
Ҷȿʼ
ȻȺսһսҹѩZűǻҧһ룬˴룬νҰܡ
һչɭַѪһ߾ʬڷ֮Уڵ޾ɱ¾Զûоͷ
Ѫڤ֮ǹ
ҶսʮͷޣݲȣûѪڤ֮ǹҲҶЩɵóɼ׶Ը
ء
ȺǷͳǵĵͺй޶վǰտ֮ϣһһѪĳǹһ
ɱ
һ̤˲ɳףս룬һͷԼľ޴ǣҶȺòԥη壬һǹ̳
ͣ
Ѫڤ֮ǹ޼᲻ݣһǹ̴ǼӲ壬Ѫ˳Ѫڤ֮ǹţֲǹ˲ڱը
γѪڤ֮ǹƬ̾ˣҶĮӰһһǹ̳һͷԴ̳һŤѪڤ֮ǹתԴ÷飬һͷ֮
໣
ͷͬʱҶȣƺС࣬ͨٴۣȺ֮
Ϲ湦ɣɱ䣡
ҶһǹӳһͷսֱӳɱȺһǹǹ̳һͷͷǵ¡
ɶءǿĹޣѪڤ֮ǹǰ磬Ǽɵһþˡ
ǹӰУдһʥΡ


72 ݵĵż
䣡
˶ţҶһ̤ڵ棬һѷ죬Χͷ˲УãҶһǹ̳âɣ
ܣʬ壬ΧֻʣʮͷһϢǣ¶ѾʼܣҶһ·׷ɱұҶѪŵʧȥ
ɱʹ죬Ѫ¯ԴԴ·Ѫڤ֮ǹڤڤ֮Ϊһ壬Ϲ湦춯ء
ս಻Ҷȸоʱ˿̣أһǹɱأҲֲѪڤ֮ǹһǹɱһĥ£ҶȶԼʵ֪֪ס
Ҳһµɣ

ǣǹڤһǹ̳ȡһʮͷȫѪڤ֮ǹ£޷ֵѪڤ֮ǹʵǺţҶȹţͽ׷ҲˣԽ˵ͽ׷
Ѫڤ֮ǹƺһոŷɱһ飬ǷȵģԺѪڤ֮ǹҵɱﵣΪĿǡ
ϧҶΪ̫ͣԽɣִϹˣͻ֪Ѫڤ֮ǹǺ
ȡˡ
ȡˣҶȴԼһöҶǸ߼ˣԻȡͷ
ЩˣһȡӦÿͻʮأãɽһʰɾҶȼ·

һˮĺ̶̶ףһͭŷӡʲôϴڣں̶ʬ壬˺ۻѪƺոձɱ
⼸ʬ죬߲ʳۣһȻǵɾءʮǿߣǿߡ
ɲЩݵǿߣѾܱնɱ㲻ɲҲ¸󣬾֮䣬Ӧÿʱɸɣ
ŮĶЫˣƾʲô㣿ǵż汦ֱǣ˭õ˭Ϳǧ֮󣬳Ϊǿߡ
̶֮ϣʮֶһȫ£棬һۣ֮һ޴ͷ
£棬½¸
ۣãɱ֯ɲ
¸ǸСͷˣҲһŮˣЦˣһŮĪ㻹ģ
䲻֪ĺˣɲɲɵӣ뻢ıƤһͬ뵤żһб˭˭ģΣɲһǸƵˣЩ΢΢͡
˳Ĭһ󣬵ͷӦãһΪС
ߣˣˣߣɲһ£ޱȣ߰˷ż
ಣ
˳գգۣĮͫںڣŷһ̶ˮһλλŮӽȥ
żŲ֪ǺɣȻãЩʴңҲ޷򿪣Һеͼ
ͭ壬ɲѭһƤͼʯǽѰţͻȻʲôһͭͻȻ򿪣һɳӭɲɲɱȽ롣
˺޳ɣ²ż֮С
ͣ
ϿգӰ˲¸ɲ߰ɱһ䣬ȫɼɱ
һżȻǵ
Ҷ˲żϷջɼף·żǿǧѷ꣬½ʷϣֻһŵõ˳Ϊһɲ¸죬ɶؾȥ̫ðա
ʿ죬ҾҪڶʳҶתɱʬԣ·׹ǹɱģ
Щ˾ȻݣʿãѰǿ磬֪ģһҪһʬ壬ʵҩ
ҶȺʬȫɷһʣȻһԾ£ż֮У˲ڰڵͭǰСǧż硣
Ͼţôˣ
عת䣬ҶȾǡײĩɲɱ֣һ˼ҶȣΪԾ
˺õòˣҪ¸;ԡҶȼӿŲǰ˵
ҲԸǣ
ɲɱҶһͬһ¸ɱ֣һݣ͹£Ӧöǹɫ֮
ͣ
Сģ˻أ
ڰǰͻȻһٺ˻ûüӦһƬɼӺڰмǰ漸⧲׷мɱȫſ£ʱ㿪
찡жң
мɱ֣ڵ˹ˣͻȻɫڣһϯȫ˲ĸˣΪʬ
ϹܿЩôȻܶɰ˾ҲҪ
ɲʬǰÿ˴һֻۣ˿϶ߡ
ȻɾǿߣоһһɽɲһҶվȺ󣬼ǷֶΣΪˡ
ɲϸϸһߣµĵղǽĹˣ棬һλڴܣӦɾǿߣɾڣ¾Ҳ
ɡ
˵һľսëֱ
ɣ߸ϣڴ˵е޳ǻĲ࣬ɣҪǧʱ䣬ɵɣҪǧꡢʱ䣬ʿȥ
ͬʱУﵽɾֻһˣҲһҲûУɣǾʹ޵УأҲֻĺɴڡ
᰷ڣ˵һλɴܣ񷣬ֻ졣
ɡԽ˺ĴڣϧԵһʵźҶ΢΢һƺ롣
ȥΣأԼģ
ɲһ·
˸ղŶԺÿһСĽ˭ҲҴ⣬ڴ˶ҪЩɣҲɣһ֪
ɲΪߣҲǽеɣɶǿߣһ·ȥֲٻأƽ⣬˲ŵ԰ȫ
ζ
ŨҵĵҩϢˣ϶ҩɵƵĵҩһ¶Ҫմ
ģ߹հƣһմĵعǰǰǻҰĵع̦Ҳʱ̫ƹţԲõĵعҲ˳ʪùˣǣ֮Ưһ˾ҩ㡣
ǿʲô
һɲɱ֣ͻȻָŵعϷһ֮ϣȻһںɫ󶦣ɢ߲ʹâ
찡ǡǵõĵֵǣţҲֻмڣڵƶɣ˭õǾǵõ½õҩʿ
ҵģ
˭֪ûɲ¸λȶ֣Щһ̰ĳȥԡ

ʱɲƺϬĶͬʱһɱ֣ǣɣȻˡ
䣡
ǿײһͬʯײ̫ɢصˮĹ˷ӿ
ͣ
һ̣ҶͷŰ׻ϣǣ̻ΪУɲɨҶȣײڹĹǽϣѪš


73 ع
⻹ҶȵһеԼСЦ⻹ƶѣһһ޷ܡ
ɣԽ˵ɣԶʱڣͬ˵ʿ
һ壬ִԴûѪһΣҶȻܿסɹΧ֮УȻ޷мܡ
ۡ
ͼʯΧɱɱùأһѪأЩ˿ɶ¸ɲӢɱӣţҲǽܳӡ
ˣˣϹҪ׽ãҵū챻ʱ֣
ɲŵŵ˺󼸲һа죬ɫɫǰģһͷǶ
Ϲһа㣬Ҿͳȫ㣬óڵ尾ɣѪ¯ԶѪ󡣡º죬͵һһɹӰɲ
Ѫ
һѪɫӰɲЩӰʮָɣȵɾͨٱӰ㣬ŷҪһС
̴ˣ
Ҷӵ䣬ɸ֣ƾ꼰㣬㿪

ʲһγһɹɷ籩ڵع֮бߣˡɲ֮໥ɱ벻մ壬̻ΪĩֱɣعʯǽȻ̩ɽ˿
عǼ⣬ʱ£ʱҡ

һλʮسǿߣͬǿ߾̰ϿյȻбһնʯ
ٿٿ
͵һȻ׾پնʯ˲䣬ĵһ̣֨֨
ѵлأ
ͷһҶȲͭţǴŻȹˣһɲõĵعǺεΰܳȥ
Ҷȴ˿̸ûʱȥǳȥ£תһ̣ҲͭŹرһɲǣʯȻΪâֱӱըһԶšԿİˮֱӳ˷ȥ

һ¸Ůɱ֣ΰʩչԼɰֿǣ̫СɾѾǧĲ٣΢ߣֻܿ⡣
Ůɱ˲䱻âɱȴֻȥͨء
ţһɱʩչȫԿâǸ޷գۼ䣬ͳͳȥâûκμ󣬼չڣһС
ƣ
ɣ
ɲ־ɹҫóһοֲȻǰͬʱ䣬ϴһ̼սۣŮ߸ס
䣡
ɹâһɨѰηֱײ֧飬ɲһŴͲ˼ʬ塣
һ˱ˤڵϣ֪
ġҲģ
ɾ֣һⲻˣҶȳ׷˵ֿû뵽һξȻûлͷ·
磬пޱȣǿʳҪ棬òͶȡɣǿʵһ̣Ҷȳˣϧ첻ᡣ
ۣ
ɹҫɨҶϣʱҶȸоû֪ʶҲʧûʹ࣬Ҫ˯ȥָо
Ҷ֪ԼҪȥ˺壬иѣⱲӻкܶûȷĸ׻ΪӣТ
֪ΪΣͷҶͻȻĿͬʱһ̣һɿֲҶɫҫʥϣŷãҫ޾ڰĵΰޱȣ
ΰ£ǹɹâȻɣΪɢȥʥҫ޿赲һݻ٣Ѵ֮
ղŵϷġΪҲ֪֮ǿȻ˲ݻ٣찡Īʲô
عƽž͸Ŵ̱Ѫȡ
Ҷ̧˫֣о𺳣ڴ˿̣ţǹʥԼ֮С
ʲô
⣬һֱҶȣһκͷûУֻʱ£ҲΪʱʲô֪ˡ

֮УѪ¯ͻȻһֲ棬ϯȫ⡢Ѫϸϸڻٴδ
Ҷ壬һ̣Ҷŷ壬͸Ѫ죬ܿ
ǹʥ£ҵȻõϴֱͻʮأ֮Բ
һ̣ݣ£˭֪ǸǻͷȻɾҶȡ
ʮ۷尡ΰҪ̶ɽ٣ȳɹɽ٣Ϊ֮壬ٻصҳ֮
Ҷȼޱȣʱ˿ҪǣҪЩɱǷȻκһ˶ɱҶȵǿʵ
ǿ߽׵ɣΪ֮ǵҽǿߣһ飬ҶȰѵɱȫɷ
ɲߣҶȵֱɶأӵСУɱľڣһšֵǣ֮ǿõϱҲǳɵҪ
ϧɶأΪɲӦ÷ܸߣ壬Ҳҵںϣڵ֮ӵ
ҶȷɲѾˣȫϣǧһֲϸ飬Ҳˣֻڡ
ϸһȭͷСۺǳذϢҶЩɵϾڻɣǰǱ΢ġ
Ǻڰеĺɳ䡣
ԴȪͨɶγɾ޴ĵ磬ɷ٣תΪѹһԴȪʮͻɣ̻תΪ𵤡
𵤣˵ıӵн𵤣ˡ
뺮ı鲻һʧȴǺӡɣ̺˺
ϸϸ֮ҶȰֱӷѪ¯ںɷб˷֣Ѫ¯ѪͬԴһǲ˵ġ
˵Ůӣϧˣ¸ɱֶŮӡ
ҶȼˣͻȻüͷȻһ˿ϧû˾ܹ˶þͻȥɶؾ
һǿɣҶȸеǿΪǶ洦ʱ˿̣Ҷúܶ࣬ú
ʱûаɷҲûһ˽ͭǰҶѾû˼ȥʲôȥҲ
ͭţȻǷعзӡƻʥ£Ҫȥֱܡ
ҶתʱܲҪˣǼֱĿȻϣҳɹɽ٣ɾ֮壬ôѪڤ֮ǹֻǰ
ǡƽͭҲ£
ϸϸҶΪ侲ˣղһȣ˽ˣҲû취ûϣȥ
Ҫ㣬ҲΪҲع˿ԡ
ɣҶȲɣôȥҶһת̳ȥһϣ档


74 Ӥ
ö൤ҩʮš
ǰҶһۼ֮УžӨСĲͬҩ͸ŨŨǺеĺǣĿҫۡ
˸ߣֱһףɫڶϾͼڣһƶɣķһԣͷ䣬ڵ֮УСͶϳֱ֣Χŷʲô
Ͷĵɣ
ҶϸϸͶӶ֮дһȡһ֮һ˲䣬ҶЩѪҺüʱŲ
Ͷ͵쵤ҩĻһ
ͶЩҩҪһַܴ򿪣Īع֮У˼ҶȴعϷһǽ·һЩþߡ
ԭһԣ
Ҷվǽ£ϸϸƷ
ԭعȷʵݵĵǿߣƿգǿɡš˳ƿմʦ
ƿմʦα֮ĺ֮УѰϡݣ·½ڴ˾꣬عƿմʦ޵Ѽ䷽ҩںͶ֮УͶƷҲǵͽԽʥƷĴڡ
ʦһ־ڵо꣬зµӡںͶ֮УϣԵ˵ȵ̳²ѵ
λƿմʦĻ̹ǿգڸѵڴˣţΪ̴½ط֮˶ҪıϢ
Ȼзӡ
Ҷʮʯϣһ׽ӡַɾǿ߾ǲһÿһַӵɽ֮ѣĪ⡣
ꡭһַһһΧһɰϼɣع͸ͨ͸ϼ⻺ʧһſ鵤ҶǰÿһԲ
ҶȺ鵤׷װ봢䣬ʣ򣬴Լָ߳ͨ⣬ǳɢŵӫ⡣
мӡǿҪػ֮еַӡַҶ֪δģͻɣܽʥ߲㣬ҲҲûַӡڡ
֮Уһݼ¼еҩԼƹ̣мµ˴ߣһǺͶʹ÷ںϷʽԼƹ̣ʮϸ
ƿմʦģˣͻɣ˵ҲƳͶֵһֲȫסһץΪĩ
̣Ҷȵȷ«ưߣ඼Ϊδ˵еɾʿɾʦҲǵɾĵҩƷҲһ㣬ƷȵȣƷƷҩҪɾΪá
һλʦǵλǳޱȣţʦɳϾɣЩʦÿ궼ҪϽһҩʣ൤ҩŻԼãɻǰ
Ͷɡ
Ѫ¯ȼգӿ⣬ѺͶΧ߸𣬴˿̿ȥڵ󰾡
ǿķҪȥڻ֮дµطӡÿһطӡΪ뷨϶ΪһҪѪϴ񣬷Ҳ
ԭ빥ҲһӡַҪϡաѭַҲҪںϹַ֮࣬粩ѧߣɣҲƳ챦
ͶǺḶ́ҶҲżһʱҲû취úͶԴ壬뺮Ͷ໥ѭϢ֮໥ںϣҶȶԺͶÿһռָơ
عưܣ˵ǧء
ʱãȥ
ҧָһһȺѪ뺮ͶɫȻΪɫŷɫ΢΢תϢڲ¿ȥӣһɫǼӡ
ˡ
ȻһͶҶӴ֮У֮һͨζ
ڵѾɼסͶصĺɷδлµӣҶʵܷ뵤֮Уǵͻᱻ֮ǵɣҶȺܿܳΪһ߿ܣһУֻΪ¶ѡ
ԣ뵤ʿԴȪ֮УõʿԴĥ¡ںϡȻʿʵҲеķһƽٻΪˣôҲ
Ϊ÷ںϣʿѷ뵤ںϣһִ;
һֺص̺࣬˷ҩظȪݻĸԴ
˵أؾ
ͨأŷؾһ޴Ԫ󣬶ʿǺеһ΢ԪأһԪͨʼɳۡԪһںһΪһΣһһεԪϣʿϵıǿͬڡ
գԽأɾ;
ƾôһ̣ȴǧ衣
ܶˣͷأǱغգΪһʬǣԶʧ
Уʵһ̡
ҪݻҲֻд˵еԶͨ
ţƿմʦµĵ֮лжֶںϣƶںϺͶ֮󣬿ʼóһſŵҩûʱҪģͻȻһҶĿ⡣
ҼǵáǴڶϽɽնɱưһλޣĽָ֮Уֻ˲ûϸ鿴ǶޣӦ඾ƿմʦµֵҩԿɡ
һöָУȻвϡ涾ЩҶȴ඼ʶϤѪ֮ġ
ưǱΪ飬ȴû뵽ղư֣Ѫ֮Ŀư֪Էնɱ
Ѫ֮ģɫ򣬲֪ʲôʣҶ֪Ѫ֮ĺѵã˵ԶŶħҺɱ֮ʱڴأγɣжħֲҺаа
аѰãһжԵγɣǿԵһڱѪ֮Ҳ쳣ټġ
öģоԻʿΪưõǶҪ½Ѫȷ硣
ϹȻϣֶָãҾЩơӤ䷽ȴֻһ֪
ԭƿմʦµǶʵӤƷ
ӤʵǸֶƶɣ߱ѪΪѪӣ˵ȫƣҪƽӤֻ֪䷽նɱߡ
䷽٣˭Ҳ֪һղãͻᴥӤֱӶҲж
ӤޱȣĺӤȴǺܳĵҩ
ӤƷȻӣصöѪʹϣϧӤƲˣڻûշһֱֻ¶ӤҪаˣҪңܶ㣬Ҳܾ㡣
Ҷȿʼóʮֶص㻹Ѫ֮ϣֻãΪѪ֮ĶԲͬǲͬħҺµģ²Ѫ֮ĶͬһֶħҺҲͬڡ
ֱʮֶ֮еĶҺȡÿһֶ٣ҶȶǵúΪѶȣҶȾÿһֶﶾͬ
һŲͬɫҺڿУţҶȽŴѪ֮ĳζҺֶҺҶȺëֱаޱȣԾ޴
һҶַںϣһֶΪҺں֮γһСѪɫҺ壬ģʮֶġ
ϧû޷Ƴɵ壬Ըǿ
ҶԣӤֱӴ֮Уʱ֮УһȭͷСʼҲƺܵ˿־壬ų⡣
˵ĻôҶȸ޷뵤Ͼɣӵǿųϸõ飬γĤǿޱȡ
Ӥɫ٣ӤȴһѪɫ̲Ϣȫ޷ͻӤ
Ӥһ񸽹֮ԶҲ޷ѡ
ϢԽ΢ٲֻôȥ
ɫ䣬ҶƿմʦµŵҩѰ˿̣ɫԽ԰ףϢʱʱޡ


75 Ƕ
һԴһЩͨɫ紦Σ̺ϲɾĸߵ
鵤ٴζɾϴ񣬷ëϴ裬洦࣬ɶأȥ˵ͻأԽǿԽô޷Ӥġ
ϧ⻯鵤һƿմʦҵƷɣ
Ż鵤ҶʮֲᣬջС
У
鵤УһĻɫâͷţƤȻðһͫǻǳӵлһеʡ
ţƤҲ͸һɹɾǿתعϢڱ롣
ɡ
ЩҶվסȥȻ֣Ƭʱ֮ŷ𶼱ǣһж
ǿϢҶȵŵŵ˺ǱӸ߼򣿲˵е򣬸ǿ֮Уһ磬һС
ɢǿƿռԪγһȫ׵Ŀռ䣬һжɣȹ̣ǿߣ΢΢һмܲס顣
ʿǿͨռϣγһʵĶؿռ䣬ռȻؿռ֮ϣȫӵжϢӵֻɾɾ
ľͷǿռ䣬һʵ磬ݻɣ磬磬õسϣ䣬ӵпռˣΪˡ
ţ
˻ۣ֮Уһɨɫأ췢عһδˣͬʱҲں濴
Ȼûô£ӵкǿҵȫͿͻأ֮ϣһرаĶĪǡΪһǿߣ˴ûκξţ侲ĳ档
عһУ˺Ȼ뵽ʲôͳԵʵСӣĪһбϣɲأ
һʬ壬ҵķ֮У˵ĲһбϣǴĻõģȴѴ֮õ
ҶȽȤ˵ˣƴһͷһжǰæǰɲ˵عƣȫȥҲӤ
Ӥ
էȻһɫ԰ףȻ֪Ӥʲô½Ӥʮټģ󲿷˶δ˵ȥȻ˽Щ
ˣǰ㿴ڵعԶرգأǰʵ޷򿪡Ҷָŵع΢΢˵
ƳһۣȻʵΪһǿ
ڴʬʱȴǰǰô䣬ʹӵóһŻ鵤¡
鵤
ü΢΢һ鵤żмص浤ҩԸıֲá
ϲǰһжǻԵɺϣǵշֵõУȻ׻鵤ЧԺǰ°빦ͻɣָտɴҶڿɲ˵ӤµģҪǶԷ֪ȻȻҲᷢ⡣
ߣҲ֪ӤԲҶ־Ƴġ
˰ݺᣬȵȻõУһӤ䷽ң
ǰ㣿
һЦҶȺĻصСһ㣬ҿС뻢ıƤ£ֻһ䷽棬ȻΪǰѰҩƽⶾ
ţ㻹֪ҵֶΰɣҿһ󻤷һɱǿߣûһҲһǧɱ㣬ָ֮䡣
ǰ㣬˿ɣǰɱңΣ˵һҲҲⶾҲ޷ӵع߳ȥҾʹͬҿʯţӳ졣

죬СŮһЦ˲ѣ㣿ſɾǿԴ죬㲻ʮء
ǰܶһҷУЩһһϣǰǿԺȻǺҪõȹعʯ̸Σ
תعͭţҶŵĵ
ãܴʯţҾʱ㣬ɣҿʲôֶΰɣһԣ´Ҷȡ
ҶһɣȻ»Ѿǲ˼ˣϣһӵоֶΡ
ң޷ƣ
Ҷһս棬һսһѪӰͻȻ֮Уһ׵Ѫڤ֮ǹҶ֡
ʲôһǡԶŵϢ˲䣬˲ǸԾӵɣһŮͻȻ˻ʹ
ǰǿ߶
ǰҶȾȻѪڤ֮ǹУûκεģѪڤ֮ǹֻ֮һ֪޷ѧġ
Ա֪
ޱȵѪڤ֮ǹͷγһֻ֣סѪڤ֮ǹ
ɣ͵֣˲ңɡⷬǿᣬҶȶޱȣףҪ꣬ܵһ͡
ͣ
ָ߾Ѫڤ֮ǹŷعǴѪڤ֮ǹ磬һǹһ֣һ硣
¡
Ѫڤ֮ǹǿƶ£ɾּǿѪڤ֮ǹһ̣ǹͭϡ
ʱڶգһĨҫͻȻգɲǷ
ʧȥ˷ӡĹţֻѣҾʳûеǰǿᣬȹ̡
Ѫڤ֮ǹ£ͭ˲䱻һһ׶Ĵ󶴣Ѫڤ֮ǹ嶼룬ȻΪâĴϹŴš
ǹ칥ȷʵ޷Ϲšһ麹ղţȫһƶǰִʮأǽһϹŵϢ
ҶֱƶɳҲ뿪뺮Ϸ
Сӣأ˾Ȼһɭɭƣֱ֣ȵ
ҶȲĵǰȰ㻹侲ĺã磬ֻһнⶾУӤ̺һ涾ҲѪ֮ģ
Ѫ֮ģаɫ۱䣬Ѫ֮Ϲаҿ󣬾Ҳܵõа
ǰ֪һѪ֮䣬ȻǲǰģǰҪֻ֣һսҲˣɣֲǰָ߽ɣź´Ьô
һ£Ҷ˸̬ȡ
ɶ񡭡
˲òЩǰǧ꣬Ƕôףߵһᣬôģңлɣ˻鵤ѾӵֻҪ޵ʮأɹ٣̤ǿ硣
硣
˵нӽ˵磬ʲô磬񣬲Ϊ˵Ǹ߶ȣɽ硣
Сӣ˵ʲôҶԴӦ㣡һ粻Ҷȵ
ô˵ⶾǲύǰ˭ΪԼǣ㣬ǰףǰģֻҪ㲻ǿлӤǲκΣգҲκš
ھǰҶ˿壺ⶾҲף඾ҩ䣬Ѫ֮ģᾡȥңǰʵڲģҿԸһޣδƳⶾҩͰѵǰ
áĬƬ̣˴Ӧˡ
ʮꡣ˵䣬Ҷһָ
ʮꡭ㵹ģʵҲǰˣУ㻹񣬸һξѪɣ
ͻȻԭһָֻϣȻһѪҶ׷ٵ㣡
ҶɫһԸ
ߣһɣת׼뿪
һ£ǰѵǰΪôͻƵɣϣǰһԻҶɹƷ٣


76 ֮측
뿪ɲǣҶֱӱ⡣
СӣᣬĻȴϵ
˻عü亮ȴ֪գǺģĪ֪һࡣ
Ʒʮ٣
һҶȷ뺮صײصȫѳԽʮصǿˮӿ𿪡
Žɣӵ˴ȵءǾǹ˳ɽ٣ɾͷǷ״ȻƽѲϣ̾Ҷʡ
ΪɣţţѾݣɣӵѳԽ֪
֮ϣͻȻһƣʱƹ׵ӣڵƺһ޴ѡ
Ʒ٣ΪŪ˴Ľ󡭡
һ̣ɫأսһ죬͸ޱȻ𣬷ŷҪѶɽ֮˻ɱ˴ֻͻɾаΪλˣһɣƺĽ󣬱һɶɣҪֲ
ѹңҵĽ쳣СģȻˣȺݵĽҪֲΪΣƶĽҶܵٵĿֲԼ񼦵һʯһǰҳ鲻ɡ
ʱ˿̣ҶȷһжǹֽԪߣŷҶдϢᣬҶҲûߣѾȫס
УСһôˣǡ
˵ĵĺܣ֮£ⶾֻҶӵУһȥ˭Ϊⶾ
У
ۿսγһɾ޴Ҫ֮ʱ֪ͽ֮УȻƮһǵĺ
˽üͷһأǺѵ󡭡
һɵ΢Ʒ֮ͽ֮УȻƮ˺ɫС꣬ЩС׷¡
찡측ꡭСӣܴⰡɶɽʱе󰡣ҲҴ⡣
˼ʶǷȻһϳǺɫС꣬ʶº棬Ȼһֻʮ߰òľա
ϸ羫ɣüĿƻɡʷǷϸ£һۿȥͻ˼סһӡ
측ᶳһմϣԶҲ޷ǰ׼
ôʲô측꣬޷ƣ
ơ׵측ںһ壬ʱγһĻ׵£ֱ
ȭ
˫һ֣һӣʱ䣬ű۰ȭɣǰһҪ޴һűսһȭȭ측
ͣ
죬ýɢ׵籩ߣ측ݻһЩ측𽥱
ű۰ȭڲϳȭʲôơ׵磬ȫǿɢû측꣬ƷʮٶҶ˵Сһڣ˴˵ɲе측꣬ҶȾͲˡ
֮£ȻɢȥֲᣬƱֻдɴ󣬿ɢĽƣڱʮɴ󣬶׵Ҳ飬측꣬ϷγһֲˮĻ
Сӣʵǿĺܣ׵һ측ԽԽܼγɾ޴ˮĻһ£һУͿСֵܼܲʱ򡣡
΢΢Ҳʱ׼֡
Ѫ¯ȼհɣҵΰɣ
ҶҲܵԽǿ󣬲òȫ߶Ѫ¯Ȼ䣬汼ڶҶȽΧγɾ޴˳ܡնȥ
ʲô棿Ϊĵ֮УһҼɵҶһͷͻ˺𾪣һڶɽٵʱǲ֧ŲסҶ෴ԽԽ²һ
һƣ
Է׷̤ĿֲҶʩչҶѧ֮һһƣһʱ֮䣬һɹɻ棬Ѫ¯ػ棬γɵһնɼһ㣬һնȥ

޴Ʊһһնƿգɱһӣͻƽ磬ͱ측ˮĻ£̼ɣΪС
측ȻԵޱȡ측һ˿Ҳɢżˡ
측꣬ȻҸܵڵĺԼҵҵĽýҵңҡ
һһն측겻ҪҶ̼ܵ޴ѹǽ׵γһž޴ĢƵĽ󣬻ҶѹԽԽֻмɾˡ
һѹȥɣʹ˿̶ְɡ
ǿٷ紵ں㷢ˣھ裬Χֱһǿǿ
ǰȱ𶯣ʵΪ֮ʱһģҵҪ측Ҷô
ܵǿϢҶȲò㶣Ȼܾ
飬ãҾҪôƽ측ꡣƺȻԲסöš
̸֮䣬һž޴ȻȫѹסҶȣҶɢǿ˱Χռ䣬ֻһɲ㡣
էȻȥҶѾ죬ҲˣǺܵģΪҶȻǿѪڤ֮ǹδʹǿԸܹģҲľս
ٰΧʲôо
ҶΧоԶŻ֮Уǽƣڰɫŷǻƺ׵磬׵磬ʱڰ측꣬еĺɳγһƬƬ޴Ļɳ
УҪ죬ʱٳ֣ȻٻԽԽǿҪʾ
ѣҶһֻţΧһжʼơ׵Ҳڱ
측꣬˵ԶһеȻýơ׵ֳȻ޵ܶᣬΪʵ壬ѾֶΡ
һ̶ˮͶʯӣƣƲþҪʧ̶ˮȻƽơ׵̶ˮȥٴᣬʧ
˾޴측ǵأҲ׻ưСϢڣӦûûͷͷҲãʱȻѽⶾ֣ɣϣ
ǰ˿̣һ޴Բɫְסһս󻺻ڼᡣ
ˣ
Ҷ˫֣˲仯ΪѪ죬۾ͫӲӵ˳һѪˡ
ȻҲʼ仯Ϊ측жֲ
ϢôһʧִڣйϢɫһ䣬ɻ󲻽⡣
Ѫ壬ռ
˲䣬Ҷʩչȫ֮УͷȫҶּԦصĸо
٣ʹأҶȱ측ǿٱ£Ҷȷŷվ֮Уͬڡ
Ѫڤ֮ǹƣأǹ޵У
һһɶ೤Ѫڤ֮ǹγˣҶУȫǿޱȣű٣Ҷȴһ𣬾ǹȥ
ŷǹƲ񷡣
䣡
һɽײرҶȻףͦأһǹ̳٣޴측㣬Ȼһ¶
찡ʲôôʵһʮʮǵɰأҲҪһǹնɱ
ʱ˾ľˣУҶȵԶžޣǾ޴٣ŷ֣֧أʹһС
ƣ
ҶһתѪڤ֮ǹͻȻתͷ측֮ϣһͨըѪڤ֮ǹ˲측㣬٣Ϊ飬أΪʧ
ݣ
Ѫڤ֮ǹͻ죬ֱҪɢȥսѪڤ֮ǹ£ؽȻأѪڤ֮ǹҲ̻ʧ
Ȼʵ측ꡭɣҲˣ
գԣָоҶȻɳһƲžͷ


77 
Ѫ壬ռҵȫѪڤ֮ǹǹɱǿߡ
Ʒ٣һΪ̤Ʒɾ֮壬Ӵˣҵǧꡣ
սһһȥ͸Ʋ㣬Ҷϣ죬ĵףȻһµΰ뷨
̤ƷˣҶȲǷˣߡ
ȻһĨϼɽȽȽ䡣
ȻƷپͳ측꣬Сȣ֪ôԽһǱԵԽ󣬲ڲǸ˵ʱ򣬽һ䣬̺Ԫ׼飬Ԫղֱ顣
ͻȻҶԺ˷֮
Ԫ
кȻӿĸ֣ҶһѶϢ糱ˮӿ֡
֮ػήһʥɽ߹䣬ıʣͬʱɽͨ٣ԪһָԪ˵ɽ֮
֮յԽ࣬ӵʣԪ֮Ԫʣءˮľ硢סȵȡ
ԪһֺйԪصĴԪһ룬̺֮ʣط
ֻҪԪҶԺ֮Уͻ⣬ʥޱȣá
찡ôԪǹżвŴڵģһˣҲǷ硢סЩʥԪ䣬ʲôˣ
˱ýģ˲ɿȴͣǵһμԪ֡
⡭𣿡
˲䣬Ҷ̸оëȻſԪϪˮëףȻһ͸⡢ϸǹÿһĪԪ
ҶȵͫȻһҫܿʧҶȷŷ𿴴ǳǹ֮ȫǹá
顣
ûƵ֮صı飬黺ڵﵱգããһŲʯڱˮƣɢŻͨ͸ʥ⡣
ȫԪ飬ߺһ¯ұǷصĻ棬ȼհɣ
ָ䣬ԪռͨٻʣҶȸоʱѪ¯ȫԪںϣγµ۵֮Уƺˮű顣
黺ɢһϸڣ໥ƣΪһ塣
һָӴءػǡ϶Ϣͬ
ܡΪԴԴȡԪ̫žޣֻ꣬ȡһѣѾ˲ã
ʶɢ΢΢ҶΧϢһ±ޱȣһɸ߽ͷ
ںϣǴˮݾȡͣʥޱߣƥ
Ԫ϶ɽ측ꡭСȱҵ꣬Ҫʤǧ򱶣ȻԵߣң·ˣҶҵ棬ȱĺԶһжһһʵ֡
ĺĺڰһλ˱ۣɢǺ޼ʣ޼
ȥԶ룬ұʥұɣѪ¯ļ
ʱϪˮţΪ״̬ҶѹסΧԪڣ֮ϣԪڼҶȴʱһ䡣
ţ
ͻȻһصĽűҶһ麹ֱð֪Ϊλֱ仯ļ²
ѵ
ʱҶȴƮ֮ͻȻۣһ˼顣
壬Ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶȳɫۣһϣȻһӴСĽɫͼƣǽɫâɣâҺ̣ɾƽβ໥ƣͷȴ⣬ŷһʱС
۾ţ˯Ƶģסơ롢צһһƵʵ
ϵľͼƣһҶ֮ϣʥصĹâһɢȥֻһʵȴƮͼ
ͼơΪϻУһϹͼڣʲôҶɺУʲôҲŪס
ȶͣȡЩͻɣʱһܾԽ⿪
ʶ֮弤֮
Ҷȿϳۣüͷʵ壬Īͼƣ֪
ģһԶ쳣ʥԺʯ֮УоһҲûҳȻõԶŴУλǿߵϿɣȻ⿪
ԶŴУǿǰ
ҶȸоԴһŽʲôҲֱ壬ѵֵľͼ˵Ǹйأ
ȷˣһкҲȷͻɣʱ½Ա֮ʱͻһܸ㣬;ʲôⷢҲԴʯҳ֪ܡнԶʧúܳס

Ҷ̾һӺ廰Уóٽۡ
ʯһܣҲǺܣңʯϵܲɷ֣ߣ᰷˵ҲǱܶ
Ǿͼƣһʯ֮Ǹܣ˵ʯĳǿǰµͼƣ̳ߣǡǡԼ
򣬺Ҳ˵֮Ļ
Ӻңˣһе󶼻Ȼ⿪ʱҪسƳһˣʯȡҹζࡣ
ڶɹƷ٣̤ɣ֮壬δ̤һأҪصȡķʱһӣ̤һء
ϧֻ˲Ŀǰʵ޷ȫһҷ츲أԺӣҲնɱأбɱģؾǽܳӣҪԸأҪֲ֪ࡣ
ѱѪ¯֮УѪ¯գʱʱ̿ǿ
һΪ
ִӴȡһ˸һŲʣպҪ뷽跨õ
ͣ
ǿʢҩʱɢûǰǰǿǰĪɣȻо磬ڣҩѾ޷
ȻƷС̫̤࣬ɣһ֮壬һصһɹ̤һأʱض֣Ǻͷ
£˰ţ¾ҲȲϣţȥҲǾš
ɳ죬ܲȡǿӲֻԼƹƣữᡭһ̣˼羮ıδ
ȼհɣ
ںصײҶȣѪ¯û汼ȼգ
ҵۺ񣬶ңҵ֮Уһʥ⣬ŷ֥ɡ
ϸ۲쵤ҶȷȫͬһҲһзŷ㣬֮УȻ̲Źâ
ֹâǵһɫ̬ҶȸоâƺһʥޱȵĴŷ
ɾڶɽָ֮ʥԪ䣬̣ղʥԪ
һˣֻȡٷ֮һ
ţ಻ʮ֮һˣһֻϴڶѣϾԪΪѹƵ࣬Ȼȡͬ롣
˲ܳԽأȻ
Խأǲˣɣ
Ҷȴ˴ͳȻȫԪ˿˷ѣ֪ͨͨҶȽǱжôֲ


78 ɶ
һȻҵôãˣ¸߸ϵĳϡ
˽ͷöһǰŪǱ
ٿ
ͻȻԵӺصײգţҶӰǰзâˣ׺ա
û£ұ뿪ˡ
Ҷȳ֣ԹȴֲòģСӣڵõҩʮƲҩҿɲŹ㡣
ʮꣿ
һЦҶȰƣٶȣʮ֮˵ûв¸Ҳһɣպ󵹿
ʲôأ˱ˣȴˣδ棬ò£²˷ġ
Ҷʩ֪ǰܣպܶ⣬ϣʱǰЯպҪƵҩģǰʲôҪҲһЧȮ֮
㻹
һ㶣֮󿩿ЦͣƳһۣԺӰɣΪʿȻҲҪǽܳӡ
Ȼ¸ϣҲָƣţʿʼʶҩݣĴҩΪܳӲܿʼҶһزδﵽ˵ǵء
ߣۼ֤Ҷ٣νǧѼţȻӵԶ˵֣ͻƾȴʮּѣǳʮٱֹ
壬Ҷһߣǰʵ㣬ŵӣҲ߹ǿŹŶ˵ûд壬ţңҲûʸΪҵĿɽ
־򡣡񣬺ȻҶһ
ɣҲ񣬶½Ҳ죬ţֻʱ֮ʵ֮ȫԺܺúǰΪɣΪұݻҿΪǰṩٺô
ҶȰעһһǸ飬ƺףֵ½ɱ֯šɲ¸ʵǿɲҲ¸ŴĻҪһͳ½ҲҪΪԼѰ·ɣ
Īǣҵĺ·㣿䳰ȷ
ɲ˵Ҵ½֮л᰷ڣǿһưԴ½ĳͷ¸ܵУҲ𣬶꣬һ룬ҪΪΩǴôʱ䣬ܰȻѡ񣬱뿪½ȥǸԶ磬Ư治˹ġ
ˡ
ͻȻһֱֹҶ˵ȥüһɱΪӤңҡ
ĸңҶȰհæͣеƦζ
ʵҶѾЦ죬˺Ƕ˵ν£ǿԮԽԽá
Ҫ֪ţǿˣԽҵǿߣ֮࣬һʥԺӣԶԿҡͻȻµ˵
˼ҶȺףҸɣƾʲôҶһЦ֪ԷķѾ򿪣ӴֱóһŵҩָⴥǰӦ֪ҵʵжǿֵõҿȫ½еҩͨпܣҪչɲаյġ
񵤡
һҶǿԲĵҩŵҩͨ죬ˣһصϢ
񵤣˵һżϼǿɾһţȻþ籩ȴһԪϵҩ
Ԫʶʶͨкγɵһ־ֻɸ߽ײſ޵Ԫ񣬶ɣҪΪˣͻٻΪˣҪԪںϣﵽһ
һź񵤣ǿԪɽʱøҪ
浤żȻɾǿµģ񵤣Ȼк񵤵᰷ҲӵС𺳵
Ҷȸź񵤵ȥĿǰΪȥҲ˷ѶѣϾû޵Ԫ񣺡ƺ񵤣ΪңҲɾͿԣͻɣڰͻƣǰѾǧ꣬Īǻںһꣿ
Ȼ˳Ҷ֣СŮǰǸɭȫĵѺ񵤸ҡ
ǰԪ΢ô˵ЧѣǵأǸ߽׾ٷðɣ
Ҷ˿ûԥָһ񵤾ͻˡ
ಣ
һץס񵤣˷ڣϲüңЦͣòע⵽ʧ̬ҪʲôϣҪʲôҡ
˵꣬һ׸ҶȣȻѺ񵤷봢֮ڡ
ĿǰȱǰԸ⣬԰ĴѰ䣬һõұܿʼ鿴һƣҶȾûвףֱ˵衣
𣿡
˼ƺ˽⣬Ƭ̧ͷǰʱ䵹еط𣬵廹ģһȥ̴
ãڴǰϢڣиҪϣǰУҪĥһʵҶͻȻ˵
Ҷ
һԥ֣ȷûЦǺǵĵãҲ뿴ʵжȫɡ
ã
Ҷ֪ᣬɶֻⷬʸţ˳״Ӻͽܳ⣬˭ӵ
ɣҿмҵ򣡡
˺ףΧһ޴нף֮ڵˣ̩ɽ
Ӹ߼ǿ򣿡
ϸһȻһ۾ɵĤѣ򣬾ȻҺһ㣬ҡҷǽвطӡɫ磬
ɲһʵҲҲַֻһһ˽͵
ƣ
ͷѪ¯ȫɣҶȱ־ȫһ
䣡
һǻҹգһȭŰȻϣȻɢȥȻ˿Һ΢΢һ¡
Ʈ֮У㷢ƮһЦѾȼأ
ֱ۶ˣȻǿһȭ˵ĲնɱأȻֻɢ˵㣬ãֻ
ʩչѪ壬ҶͻȻΪѪɫ
ʲôҶּɵĴҶһ죬ľĿ
͡䣡
Ҷȶˣ̫죬ȻĦƷţҶֱ۲ǿһȭϡ
΢΢һˣͻȻƮ𣬷ŷ˴磬ֻ΢΢£ͻָ˹žǰƽ޲
ȫ⣺±ȸղǿһҲڵأһնɱأȻš
û꣬£ҲŶȫһѪڤ֮ǹ
ǰξ飬Ѿõ𰸣Ҷʩչȫȫ£ҪԼƻжǿһأֶʱһ˸ѪâѪڤ֮ǹһɳȭͷôִ
ɫأѪڤ֮ǹҲҵǼѪڤ֮ǹδƵعŵġ
ռ
ҶһХӡաͫȫΪѪ죬飬֩ѪɫһƬ֮
ȻˣĹжôֲѪϯܵҶڲ
޷ƣ
ҶȽסѪڤ֮ǹȻɳһѪսʹߣѪڤ֮ǹһǹ
ٿ
һǹ̳ûо춯أҲûи޵Уһǹǽϣû𵴣ǱѪڤ֮ǹǡǡһڣֻȭͷ󣬶Ѫڤ֮ǹҲ޷һ֣֮档
⡭һնɱأԿһɰǿߣǰɱɾأҲ赲
죬˲˵仰Ѿľͷˣһ
ۡ
ջѪڤ֮ǹѪռҶƬѣΣεҺѪ¯а֧š
ˡĪʲôתܼҶȣüϸϸ
ǰ͸ˡ
Ҷһʱ䣬˽ʮ죬תͳɽȥ
ÿٶȣ޵õأɶ޷κ
ҶʧӰһֻĬڸղһĻ֮С


79 ں֮
ɽɽصγɹ㲩޼ɽ
־ԭʼɽǧ鱦ȻҲħޡ
ԭʼ鲻࣬顢ħУǲˣܼ̳񴫳еģ࣬ĵ͵ССӦԶǽ¡
ɽ֮䣬ϿȡѨ洦ɼо޴ӣһۿȥӾеУƽ͸Σķ
ɶ֮аƹʮţȴи־ػʦֵܡ
ǲżΪƹڶ࣬СɡɢһãƬ̡
һҺھ޴ΧɭУۼʿһŵӣһɢ޻Сʿ
һãΪľǰƹƹֵһŰƹԻȡ
ţȻи֮Ժӣˣˡ
һȺ˺ȻɭзһӰҶȣҶΪʱһԺӡԺЦͣ˿ûҶȷ
˻࡭
ƺϣչܣֵǸʿȫǵɾле
ЩĪͨġ
վԣҶȸоһɺ·ϣëȻ͸ǿϢһһϢӿ£
ϸӦӵײ·ͨ˴ƺ֮ͨӲͬط
ţռɽͨӣγɵع֮£ڶ࣬أţԶŶ顣ʱֽδȥ͸ܵϢ
飬ϹŶħѪҺħɵħħ٣ǣÿһһͣңһѹƣƺΪʿڣʿֲĴڡ
ϢȻϡ٣϶Ƕ顭
ҶϾȻ·жڣͲô򵥣飬Ҳ۵Ĵڡ
žž
ȻԶҴд΢΢Ҷ΢Ҷȴʵڡ
ҶȾ迴ȥֺ޶˲Ѫ壬ҶȿԸܵѪѪԽŨԷʵԽǿ
ǿƽ޲ɭ֮УҶȸоѪڰ磬Ѫ΢΢ҫ
ͱ˶ϣ֪ǻƼһҵˡ
ŷδ쳣ҶȾ΢΢ɶЦţȻͽ˵ˣҡƼҡӵʥԺӵĳ壬ԺšǾٲά衣
粻ֹҶĿǰ
ҡƼĸǾ壬ҶǾҵˣȻõұӻǣһֻܿԼ·壬һ֮ҲΪҡƼַϾʥԺӣûҪǲѵġ
ĿǰҶȻӵնɱصʵҡƼұӵнܳʥԺӵľްԼ壬ɾͷҪһҶҲмֻ֮лķݡ
ҶȵȴֻвѪ塢Ѫڤ֮ǹɷɼЩȻǿֲڣɾͷǰһţʲôҲҷ
ԣһжʵΪģʵһС
˺Ͷƿմʦµߣ꣬ͻɣӵеءΪǰҲ֮
ҶӵһɶĽĽɽǣûɣһɳǾǷƸ꣬춯ء
ҾͿǹ
Ҷ뿪ǰӣûΧʿעϾһΪƹҸ˼˭ˡ
ãҶȳһƬԭҰ֮УӸ࣬һһ
ɣžӵնɱǿʵǰǳ˰ħߣԺӡܳҲĵط
ʱʮʿһֱڰҶȡ
ãСһ룬ǾֽնɱҲر˷֣ϾҲǡ
Ⱥţ˵նɱ˾ǾȥõʶȻлõӺ񰮡
ಣ
ҶɷɣҶ漴Ծһ֮УãɳһǿʿЩ˸ǵصأҲԺеĺ
ôǿ׷ɱһոͻƵɵߣȥ»𾪣Ϊ˲ݡ
졭žְɡ
֮£ԨУ˹ϾҰݣ٣ϣ󲿷ֶǹͺͺģҲеط̦޺о޴ޱȵ֩֩˶ĺܣԴô󣬶Ҳо綾
վԨ̧ͷȥӿھȻֻСͷĿѣһչǿյĴ
Ȼô඾֩룬Ȼͨ˴ӶͨģöҶͷɢӦΧ
ڵԨ֩һصһأŷǲǧȵţ֩飬еĶ֩ô޴
ԨֲҲиʯγɵʯ֣ѱסһĹ͸ɭɭϢչĿȥ˼
У
ͻȻֻɫ֩ҶȲ£һɫ֩˿צҶȡ
һֻ֩뿿Ҷ˲䣬һɰĤ֣˲ֻ֩ѣΪһ࣬Ĳѡ
Щ֩ҲǵͼеĳɳڣԱɣڵǰͼѾս
Ҷȴмˣһۣ봢䣬ڵص磬Խĺڳŷƹա
ݣ
߳һƬʱͻȻ˷ɱһ⣬ƿ˿ռ䣬ͻأϴɱһ̳ȡͷ
ҶüͷͻȻϮĽ⣬Ѿûлᡣ
ٿٿ
һҶΧ˲ʯһһնϣһʱ֮䣬ˣݺᣬɱˮѹ
ಣ
ʮһһأΧסǱҵĽ֮УȻǰһҽ˺һǿޱȣһУãԼҲȥˡ
ɣ
ȫһܳҲסֵǣ׼ȡͷһξѪȥӽ
ͷǸǿߣҴ۷壬мǿߣΪǿһλ˵˭Ҳ֨
֣ȥժͷһ롢úŴַӴ߳ͷ΢΢ʧҪʧĽ籩
ٿͣ
ַӸ߳һԶͻȻǰɳһУ粨ɹַӾȻûֱ֣Ӵӣʱͷ롣

λպӣ˵һɫصؿǾʬ壬ˢˢʧĽ籩һλƽ׵Ӱһһ
ܣһȻûɱ㡭
Ӳ˼̾
ں֮ڡƾǣ
ɢȥ۵ҶȳǰɫЦһӣҼǵҵĳ沢û˭ɱң
֪˵Ȼ˸㣬һϣ˱ȴеĻҪ£ɾԽնɱɣ޵֮壬ʵĿ罣â
ɱ
ʮԾ󲽣վһţֲһʱ䣬ˮѹأиͨ࣬޽ʯ֮ʲôУسǿֲĻ


80 Ҷᱦ
²ȫһܳӣҲӲҾͲţһոͻƵɻδϣӵ߽׵ɵʵ
һĨĨҫں˸Ŵ۹â˰繥ʱüչЦ
ң޷ƣ޼᲻ݣ
ںˮѹһ̣ȫҶӰȴҶȺӺһ̫žޣˡ
ֻһǹֱӴ˻ŷոһ췭ظ˵ŵŵź˼ǻδվȽŸѪڤ֮ǹĶĶߣһǹƳգݺһɨʮ˶ʱʯһɡ
ľ׮裬һѪδأڰʧȥѪڤ֮ǹԵֱɱǡ
ӣ
һȻתһǹͻȻ˿ռ䣬ǿһĻƬͬʱӹǹɢֱɨȫ䡣
պ飬ͺͨʲôϵ
ǹʧҶȴӷ籩߳Ӹ£ĬȻӺӡ
ȿȡ
Ѫ˫ϣӾ˾ͷ΢΢Ǹ߸ϵԺӣȻԵһǰȫϣǳ裬Ǿ㤡
̧ͷһǰҶȣˣǿϢоǳ֮⣬߲ʣʥޱȡ
ͻȻҶǰĵͨҵҪɱҡ㲻ɱң޵һĥѣһҺԪԸһΪ㰰ǰ󡣡
ɣôõأҲһҶȼ¹򣬶һǸ߸ϵĵɣҶȻɱ֣ˡ
Ԫվں޷֮ȫȻ޴棬ңȫʢʱڵҲҶȶ֣ʵĵΣǷӡһ·㣬ڴ˽ɱˡ
졭
üͷһ壬ҶȼǵûһţͻȻ𣬰̾һ֪˭ˣԭǵݺıɱӣиŮӣ
һ¼챾ҵˣıݺ
ǴС÷ģ߽һͷ壬СС飬ãһͬţ֪Ȼģʶ죬ıΪˣžֱ֣ɱ
죬ԺӣأŽʮͷţ˽֪ӣҲһеľš
ңԽ˾ҡ
ҳһλţǧʱ䣬޵߾磬ʥԺеٮٮߡ
޲žͷʥԺеĶǿߣһţŵλߣȨ壬ţѾ޵Ͼ磬һܳΪųϣϵĳϣϵĳϡ
½޲棬£ʥԺ֮У⼸ͷ⣬пܳΪϵĵӣһΪϣ׼һӵн۹ʵ
ţ˭޲ᾪһ亹¹ϣԵ˴Ӳǰ׼ңҲԿʵֱ첻µز¡
֪һ㣬ҲϣްԣĬӶ졣
޲ŵܣͬĸڶʮͷ޵õؾ磬һж޲ϴСС޵Ͼ硣
һô˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ䣬񶼳Ǽˣ֪ͨͨҡ
Ҳһ׼һ壬ţֻнܳӣûʥԺӡ
õ쿴أҪĸߣҲȲѣǺɽֻˡ
ʱ˿̣ԪĻûǸ߰ǰͷӣ
Ҷɫһʵ꣬ұ𣿡
ûûУʱֻһԺӳ֣ʲôӶУЩûͶСӡҶǸĮŵľ
Ȼû룬ʱһ
һץһɶ˲Ԫʱ˸
˶䷽ֻһ֪˿ɽ⣬ͻصߣΪҼһһʲôҪңУǧԽⶾһɢͻ˲丯ʴĵʱɡ
ҶջزֶģΪҰ£Ȼкôպٲ㣬ĿǰһͻպҪһģͶңҪãܸʲһңȴ㻹õô

һ̣Ԫܵһ˿ӣҸ׷ɫ粻ǵͷãպһһһ㡣
мҩնɱһɵõġȥɣ
ΪԪҶȺģɲѡҩֱӸ˺Ԫ
찡ϻݡԪӹҩһ̾ÿһҩȷɣҲֻɲܵõ˼ֵǵı
ʱԪҶǷˣô౦㲻ҶնɱãҶȱҲɿɽˣͶ˭һԪҲٳɣһҩ̧ͷʱȴҶȡ
صúҸоɱԺӵ塢̫߳࣬ͶҲ֪Ǹǻ
Ԫҩ󣬶ʱоȼգܣΣķת֮ϡ

ԨɹһʪҶͻȻء
һߵʬ壬ûо綾ҲûͬʿС
һ·Ҷײ̫ʬ壬ŵҲУҴʬ嶼ѹһգҶȶͨѾ᲻Ȥֻи߽׵Ҷȼʵ
ӣƹ
ϿŰƹ˭ɱģ͹˭
һ·Ԩ泤˸һʲôһȺ׷ɱһɣѪƲŵӣѩ͸źĹӣڷ
һɢޣʲô˶У˴£Ʋŷԭʼ䡣
½ټа׼ҡؼҡƼִ壬Ҳоҡ߽Ĺϼ壬ڴ½ңԶĵطŸż壬ԭʼ䣬ʵǿԶŴУһ岻ǣеż壬Ŷǡ

зɳһˣͷţǵĴ󺺣ͻȻͷţװȥȻײҲõöƹ
ƹõˣɱ
ۼţǴߣ˷׷׸ȥΪ˰ƹⱦûԣֻгɱ¾
ƹȻаط
Ⱥ˷ʱҶķԨΧƴɱһÿѩ׾ӨʥѰʲô
Ȼûоħء
ҶȾ֣ƹֱһħʳԴǾǿرǿġ
һȥȻѰһ˿޺ۼ
ţʲôϢǿ󣿡
һ޴ĲбϣҶȷһĨȻʵˮճѪ
ֻɲӵʵʻľ޴ͨѵ޶鶼ɽɱ
оëֱɣҶȸûлðƹҶãûְƹ㳯һϿСȥ


81 ɷչ
Ԩݺᣬʮ֣֣ÿһԨףиҲԽԽ࣬ȭͷӣ˴ļ׳棬оϾš
Щ޽Ǹ߼ޣд˵еѿǻεĸߵޡ
ԨϿѹһ㶾Щ̺־޶һ룬ͻΪˣ޶־Ϊһ߿ܡ
߼޶˵ûսԣţڵͼ߼֮ϣѿǾޣתΪΪ壬ɾǿޡ
ڹȣҶȽСܣһͷͷ޴֩߾ǿҶ
Խ빵ڲͷְգѹ쳣ŷһȡգƺһа
ǰƹڣλҪַֵǣߡ
ʱڹͲ㣬һֱУͻأسһֻ½½ʮͷ̬һ޷ɳһȥ
ЩеǾзе֩룬Ҳо޴𣬲ͬǣƺϢڸе־ȻתΪƤ
ȻѿǾޣаڣĪЩɽְƹǿеİڣ
վʪ֮еҶȣѸղǷ̸־ϲ
ǳŰƹڣǲ֪жٰƹʮϰ٣
ɶ룬ҶȾβȥ
νո˵ҶͻɳΪɣѾ已̥ܺ˵ɣ˾ʮصɣҶҲ˿壬Ѫڤ֮ǹһ̣޼᲻ݡ
ߣðնҶ˵ս
֪ΣգȴʱΣǰ󲿷ѡӱܣҶԣʲôΣգһһսֻڲսУҶȲŻɳܸУУðվеıʡ
ҶȸȺ޽һɽҶȾ治ѣû뵽ɽ֮£֮ĵɽңÿɽѲӣҶȾٲά衣

ŷצ޾޴֣ѹϿȽץסһγһޱȹĵɽ
ϿգûӣȴвͶ
ŷһĵعĹأ͸а˼ɵа񣬶ɽģһԲεȣ滹мʯ
ˢˢ
̧ͷһڵɽϿգ˷ޣЩǿԵԼޡ
ڵɽÿɽ塢ɽɽأѵɽΧˮйͨһֻӶɲȥ
һȥɽһսǳأι̣޴Ρ룬ǿսƼɽգԪΪ֮һ
˵ȥõٺôΪʥһͽ뻯ξʱȼ磬޵ûε
ǴڿصĲ£ɽҲΪϽּĴڡ
꣬ˣ
룬һԲεսùϺʯɣǿޣ۷׷ףһɢǱսͣʵͽֱ忴Ϸ̨
䣡䣡
ɽʱףһһ
ããֵǡ
ɽĻӭУһλȫīڣơսסһɵΪ˳ˡ
ˣӻ壬ͷʼΪΣֵ۾ӡͲɶԱȣһȥħ˲ģޱȡ
Ǹ˺ǿѵѿǾʥޣ
Զһɽ֮УҶУĿλ˧ϡ
½ϣ޶ǵͼ߼ѿǾ֮УѿǾǿޱȣءҲҴ⡣
ѿǾԵͼм߼ʥĴ󾳽֡
ͼѿǾޣȵػҪǿ٣еʥѿǾޣǸǳԽ˵ɣɡ
Ҷô𾪣һͷʥѿǾޣȥҪһѪȷ硣
һ꣬һ䣬ƹʮֵغãʿɽȡƹղݣУգǾͺúͰɣСǣϲˣ
̼ˣһƱˣʱ䣬һšŴʿʬ֣ЩʿɽѰҰƹնɱġ
⡭
Ҷʵû뵽ῴֳ
࣬ŷ˵һʢ磬һ޳ȥһڻҧͷ­ȻǿƶǣԵӴࡣ
ʵǿޣͷ­֫Ӹ˵ͼޣͼ޵õ֮֫󣬿ʼֱۣ̰˺ҧ
޴սһʱ䣬˼ޱʳĵطѪȣ̶޷ݣֻԵ֤Уˡ
а
ҶЩȥܲģʱҶѾһǰǸµ꣬ǰЩѪȳݲ£ֺ
ȥ֪ͨͰƹĶЩգҪֵǲ࣬
̼˶ͷ­ʢѪһڿں£²̧һ׸Ѫá

ҶȺȻûˣĿڴӱ̼뿪һλϣһƵȥ
ȺٶôҪǴŭһˡ
һͷޣһëЩմѪв
һ߷Уһ߱Թţһɽ壬ʱʩ񣬿ɼصɽеλ
ǣһȺߵ
ͻȻأЩ̧ʮ޴ӣÿһӶɢ
һȺӿٶȣߡ޷һͨŭ߸ϣ廽һ󸫣ɶߣ͸ſѵصľ޴ÿһڵһ޿ӣľս
ʱʱ¿ŭŭֱӷʯд֩룬ļ£ӿŲ·
û뵽ӣҲм߼ѿǾʵҵĺɷɶģʲô
Ҳ༸ʮ׸ߵ±ϣҶȸ·Ӵ份ɷһɫ
ٵͼѿǾޡȥţҲòٹͣҷƵĺûᣡ
ҶͻȻסˣǰգվǰһ·ҿԣҪӴ˹·Ǯ
ţʿ
ͣ½Ų㵴һĳҶȣͻȻ޷һЦһСӣҰ
պճХͷ쳯Ҷƣ׷Ҫ˺һС

˿ȴҶȺʱ̣ھ̼䣬ɷֹҶֱӶԴϣһɾ޴󱩷ͻȻϯȥ

̧ͬӣͨͨ籩ϯͨͨ룬ǸҲֹͣ壬󸫾Ȼ˴壬У޾ȻԴΪӷ籩ȥ
ʲôÿֲźʱôǿķŵûںɷǰһη塣
ɣ
Ҷٴδһɷ籩ʱХһ£ͬһͬɷ֮Уһ̣޴ޣһʱ֥С
ηˣ
Ҷȷúɷо޼£޷ƺɷֲ


82 
ʿ
ء
һʱ䣬ɽӲĺŽ޴˷ֳָ֮Уɢžڡ
ˣ
ض죬Ҷɷɫһ䣬ɽ·ȫѿǾޣпɵǿڣһУֻ·һ
ҶתȥͻȻһι״Ĺ֮Уڼɽ֮⣬һʿ޷ˣްΧ
ﻹһ࣡
һȺʮͷ޷ɹʱͷ޷ҶȵϢ޳׳˶һͭɫڲӡֱ۵ȵطֺɫƺۣޱȡ
ǳnһϹǿᣬӵпػ
ͭͻȻͻһɫ棬Ƭ̰ѹȼգΪҽɲǼ䣬Ҷȷ𺣣Χܱˡ
ȫغҶüͷһųޣһ˿Ŀ⡣
nһɫìΪĴҶȼۣŰȵø࣬ͣӵһǿվڣҪΪ
nսʵӦǸ߼ѿǾ磬ز࣬ҪǿϲӦгԽصʵҶ˿Ҵ⣬𣬷һץ纣һлΪС
ֶΣϧ㾳̫ͣٸЩܻлͷգļգɱ
nӶìΧʮͷѿǾ޲ҶΧһצ죬ŷҶȵѴ͡
ҿɲɵӣȰ򡭡
ҪҪΧסҶһ̣һɳԶԶ˦Ƿս˹ȥ
ÿٶȣˣնɱ׷nһ𾪣û뵽ҶٶȣȻϵҶȺǿû뵽ǿס
ղ׻ΪչֳҰѰónò𾪣ҲһţҶȣͲʲô
nͷҶ׷ȥ
ɱ󣡡
ɽ󷽣һ޴ϿȣڹȵͣǿʿްΧҲֻѿǾޡ
ʿʮŵΪЩӽһۼԭŽܳӣʣµľԺӣУûһԺӡ
ʮܳһ󣬰ɢʿΧ׷׼ɽһ޴Ľһʱ䣬ݺᣬŷǸһ俪ɱ˲ޣѿǾҲء
ܳӡȻһ㣬ţѧͨ⽣󣬾һǳ˲Ĺ󷨣κεˣս
ϿڣҶԹں϶֮У֪Žܳӣһǳǿлеʮ۷һ𣬾ǵɽλ̼״Ҳһòǡ
ǿͷöƹ
ʿȺУָϿȾͷһƬƬɫ
ĽܷɢһֿҲ޷赲ޣʱһλܳӣŶһ
ܣøֶι󣬾첨ΰıըڽܱһУ
λӣƽ󣬽羨ϺǿǿеסȻý⣬ʼһʱ޷ô졣
һƻţǾͲͬˡ
ЩˣĸΪƹ֮һ໥ãڣŵ˴󲿷עʱᷨʱ̡
ŵӵֵޣᱬǵõƹᣬʹӡ
̰£ٸɢ޺ɫɫʿȻ󷨣һһ̷ɳɽȾͷɫ񱼶ȥ
ˣˣ
λܳӣͷߣⷬһʧѲҵɽˣˣ˭룬ǰ߽⣬ͬ裬Ҳ֮ǰǰǿᡣ
֣ˣҲΪǺã㲻֪ãȥɣ塭
УͬŵȰ
ֵͬܣͬͬ
ۡһӣͷһɾںϽ֮Уʱ֮䣬һλָ޲Խ׳ذ벽

ŵУвٵˣҶȾһˣȴΧһĿλϣȰ̾ܳӡĪǣŽܳеʮ֮һַţԵɾؾ磬նɱһλһаǿߣ£Ϊܳеĵһǿߣ
ſһ꣬һжҶԺκϣԼڵţǵźľУǰǸ꣬ӵߵλĵӣַ
ַԺպһּң뾣һӵԶʷļ塣
ַʮţʮͻɣâޣڶ̶ͻƵʮأпܳΪΪ޵ɵ
ַɾʱһȡѵͷȻһλһصľħͷ룬ַﾹȻԽնɱħͷɾϵλ½˲ֽ֪ʥԺУͷ
ַﲻŵӣ裬أȻ紫һˣʵ̫٣ԴԾӣе
УҶȶַ࿴
ȻܳŽܳ󷨱ǣˣɱ
һɱͷǸţˣͬʮˣɱһŴ󴸣͵ȥɱʿ
ɶ񣬾ȻǸ߼ѿǾʿġ
ʿ˺󼸲ţˣǶʱң߼ѿǾǿޱǿģǵɾءʮزǾţܿ⡣
ǣֻ·һ
ʿڶǰǰСһ
ͣ
ţˣζȻüһţξɽأ𵴣£ɱʿ
ţǷޱȣͷһʿкɨʱһƬʬ壬⣬Ҳ̶ãһǵءȻôȥ֮ûУͨͨΪʬ
ȻǿᣬǣЩʿð󣬸ոҪժȡ˰ʱͻȻ˳ޣһʿ븹С
ҲʿһЩƹȴûк֮أްΧȺ·ӡ
ã
ŵӼ״˴¶˭Ⱥ˼塣
ַһУ󣬲֮Уһɫ񽣣ָ󣺡λʦֵܣȻðǰͲֶܿ飬ɱ
ɱ
ŵţһһͷǿ֮Уһ޷ȥնɱޡ
ţŵӰз󣬶ȡƹ޽֣ŵӸӵ淨֮ʿԿ׶ˡ
Žܳӣӣַ
һأȻnһڸϵţˡԼ޻ϣγ޴
nƺ׷ɱҶȣַnӹǼս⣬ƺ֮䣬ַֻĴС
ŶҪʥѿǾĳn
ַüһƮݷɳnգҲ֮ȻϵңҲһһսҷ񣿡
ҪͷַɢϢȻսn


83 һǹ
ַȻҪھͳȫ㣡
սվϿյĳnȻӦսˣǳìɢϢһɰγɾռ䶼Ϊ
˵ɱأ㻹ûʸһս
ʱţ˻Ϊһڳnڡǰţ죬ӸµַҲһͬΪɽɣַҵأұһ
Ҳ⣬һϣ
һ̣ޣʿַȻƵĿڵνһԾ죬ڳ˭𺳡
ɱɱڻսץס쳤ìַҧгݡ
ַգɱҪն㣬ȡ׼
ţˡɱΪ֮һ𣬷ŭ쳣ŭӱǿһƽսַ
ַȻ裬ȴŵúܣһڡɱλѿǾǿߣǺܳģһͨ
·֮УҶȳûȡһ߾ʬ壬ȫ봢䣬ڳǿڣúɷ˲ȫ롣
ѿǾޣֱȥȡͣ󣬿԰Ҷȡò֮ʬǣҲƷǵҩıرϡ
˼ڰƹͶԵӦսϣ˼ҶΣл·ЩСơ
ƣ
ڽǾ޺ɱͻȻһŸ߸ֱӲϿգ֮У̺Ϊͣǿ
ɱ󡭡â
ַɢâЩâȻǽģ֮࣬ͻȻͻأۣγһɺ嫵Ľֱӳɱ췽ɱȥ
䡭¡¡
췽뽣ײһγһתУ˵գתͷŵϿȵضɽҡ
ÿµַȻʵǿᣬǽܳе۷ھпɵһͻɣͨɶǿߣҲûǿ
ؾҡΣҶȲˣߣӰ죬Ҷ򶫵ᣬȻ־޴ͣת
򷽡
ɱʵû뵽ַǿᣬѲȻԼսò£һ֮£Ӷ󸫣ƽ󸫶ʱ˸ƽâڴ֮ϣȥ
ţƢˣã裬뷢
һӣָʳָһɾ֮ǹ⣬Сȴ͸ޱȵǿᡣ
֮⣡
ַʥ˫סо֣һָһ罣֮С
õӳֱ֣һγɷ籩ڰӣλǿߣڱȶǿ
ﶼϿգͷûǿС
ҶȾʱˣƹɢҶѾôİƹֱȻԽҲã˭Ҳ̫ɡ
׼ʱҶһӰɳභʿ֮УȻɫһȺȺΧɱȺʿİƹȻسҶǰ
ಣ
ӰͻȻӰɳҶǰ
Ȼ
̾һϣͷޣʲôЫӡãҶǵͼмѿǾȵءǿߡ
ȻһͻƵɵСӣҲҴ̣
һмޣΰ죬ۼףðź⣬һƤĲѣһʮǿ
ɱһֻϣ޹Ц
ٿ
ͷ޵һ̣ҶȺɻ䣬ͻȻһ̤һȭɨѸײڶ֮ƹͷޡ
Ҷȹͷ˿ߣǣһȭ˲ѵһĳ飬ͻȻ򣬿ǣѾˣǾ޴ȭͷһչָһץȥ
䣡
ͷޣ̼࣬ҶȰ׷װ˴䡣
ͼ߼޳ѿǾ˻ữΪһֱ˸Ӹ߼ȴһʵޱڣޱȡ
һȻ֣ңôࡣ
ȻڡɱûעҾͲˣ
ҶȻܣ޲٣ûи߼ޣͻȻҶȺݺҧɷھһɹɷ籩ɫϯȥ
ɫƹٿãĶ࣬һʱ䣬ȫһɹ籩ߣţһŲʣ
Увٵ֮Уʿȡƹһ̣ɱʿãҶɷֻķݡ
찡
е취½ʱ취
ɷ֮УҶԺοǷ˴ƣȻһ¶ƹǲС
ô£еİƹˡ
Щ˾ţնɱ޵ʿòϿȾͷȴֻտҰʲôҲûС
ڲߣʱ
ʯ֮ϣҶպ˺ɷʿԽԽ࣬뿪ʱ̡
ͻȻٿһ
һì̴˿ռ䣬ֱӳҶȶ޷赲š
䡭
ռ䶼ըըըѤޱȣըϿһξ𵴣̤ɽ壬дؿѣϿȲʿȻ˱ը֮С
ˣûǿߡ
ޣŵ÷׷ӴܣǶϳ߳ͭӰˣǳnڣɽ֮һ
Ǹڣʵ̫ǿɱǿϲ١
ԶɱѽѷֵַҲǿըһȥʱ̾
ڣɱʿŪ˴󶯾ô
ɱž޸Ƥֱ
Ȼز¶Ȼϴ汦֮
ںɱìһһƶʱɢըϨĻռ䣬ͫޱȡ
ȫһһһزߣֻ·һɡ

ͻȻ󣬳һͻתһ̣һѪ㣬
ì̳ǣǹͻأı죬ԤϲѪâѾɱüģѪɫ֮УѪڤ֮ǹ
ͣ
΢΢һһסüģѪڤ֮ǹȻ˹⻷ţڴһѪûü̧ͷоԼ걻ʲôâˣ˲䱻âɣʶ𽥵
ɶ񡭡㵽ʲô
ʶһ̣ڲģۣҶѪڤ֮ǹǸǹ͸ʥâŷõʥ֮⡣
ڣȻǿ󣬲ҵѪڤ֮ǹȫ̳Ҫ̳һ㲻߼ѿǾʥҾ˺㡭
Ҷһʬ壬޵棬ҶȾȻɱɽǿߣ
ڡȻˣһСϡ
֨
ɱоһǿϢ䣬һϢתȴҶȰʬָʱɱѪڡ
ˣȻŵĵӡ
֮£ʮŵӣҶɱһĻȻǸ߸ϵĽܳӣȻҲһĻĶߡ
ֻΪɱߣͬţ˵ǿͬţĴԭ
һֻҶȴɫۣƮס


84 ս
ôˡ
գʲôҲûʣ£ҶʧӰ٣޳ױʿû˰ƹǿʼˡ
ǸͬšСʵǿͬһУ塢ҲŻޣ
ַһɱԳ֣һ򰵰ΪҶնɱһĻеԾ
ţĴڣȻţַﵱȻ𾪣һţÿۼϾҲţţעԺһҲûҶȵļ䡣
ֻ˵һ㣬ҶǸոţңʤŷ
ɱһͬµɣ
ͻȻڵɽַɽĺţضʱľ޽ա

֮Ҷȷɳӣҵһְ
ڡ̫ˣȻҲҵϣ
һͭâ˸գʬ建룬Ҷȷһץǿסʬ塣
ѿǾޣǴƷڱһָѹʬ嵤ϣһʱ֮䣬ɽԴԴϴʬͨͨҶ롣
ʿħһ죬֮飬ħҲΪ˳ɣȻմȴͬģؼıǹͨءȡɡ
ͻƵɣ޳֮壬Ѫ¯ǰأռ䷭ʮֹǻ֮ǰٱ
ǿıȻӿѪ¯һ̣Ѫ¯һ棬աѪ¯϶Ϊһ
ȻѪ¯¯ϳ˾ӨâмдĹͭ磬ŷѪ¯ҪΪʵĴڡ
Ѫ¯֮У¶ʥϢˮŷڷ
ͬʱҶȫϸ֮е͸ޱȵĹâƺ̺˹â£Ī⣬ͨͨΪһ壬γһصĹâԦҶʥõζ
ߵڹ⣬ʥʥ⡣
ǿıԴԴϣѪ¯γ˹ϵĺۼЩۼӣγһͼڣѪ¯αΪ̵
ͣ
Ѫ¯ͭ¯ϣ𻨣໥֮Ħγǳҫ۵⣬ŷѪ¯¯ɰٴǺӡ
Ŀǰȼصǿߣǣһûķ޷ɶ졭ûж죬ȻҲ
ҶȲصţȡ֮Ȼɹһأ졣
죬̺ǳĹ켣Ȼ£ԵΪγһص磬˵˵࣬ǴԣǵûдԺܴ࣬
Ҷǹͨصͨγռ䣬һͻɣڶռͻ
ΪԽߣԽ䣬γɵͻӼ᲻ɴݡ
ﲻ֮Դʿĵڶʿ׼ɸ߽ǿߣӵж죬־ϵҲþѪ
ɣֻس޵֮ӵΪٴ
ѾҪӽʬ壬ֻ
Ӵʬ壬һţɰͰ͵ģҶջʬ壬˿̸оˬޱȣеĸľգ沨
Уһʥ߰ͫ
նɱڣ²Ƭɽ
ҶĿһȻɷ滹в޻ţȿжٰƹ
ƺɷ׷һǿ޵ӴܣҶȳûӣҶզ࣬ȻнǧŰƹ
ҵõƹ֪ͨҡ
Ҷ룬ƺɷȫһһɱ⣬Ȼպŷٷȥ
ʦ֣г˸ţʲô
˵ǰǸĬĬߣھҺ޵λ֮ͻȻðһоˣߣұҪȡͷˣΪá
ٹãʮһεʢᣬ˵ǰԴȥμӱʮŴ
ȷǼ£ŵһȥμӴڴȡΣǽڱš
ʦ֣һεͷѹȥ
Ǹ嵱治öԸλȡٰƹƼϵȵҩʱͻƵأԽնɱǿߣʲô壬һնɱҪľץסսһڰжȡƹ
ɽУλŵֺƺѲʲôЩ˴󲿷ֶԺԺӣҲмǽܳӡ
ԺӣǽܳӣһλԺ
˴Ժɫۣٷ磬ģӢǷŷ𾫹ϸ̶ɣ͸ŨȨ
һеٮٮߣµһ壬׼ҵš
ʦ֣սնɱƺϹ˵ǰʱ䣬նɱ˼λǿߣڲǵء
һλ굣ĵĶ԰˵
սЩ⣬ҲΪɵԣδն𣬰ʮȵ

еֶΣ
һƬԭʼɭУһλ׶׳ʵײײ߳ӣɫ԰ףСɫ͹𣬳ըͷȻ΢췢ҲҲ΢ë
ݡ
߸ҪɽʱͻȻӰշɳһһѪһͷ޴ʬкɳ
Ǹ߼ѿǾޡȻ̴Ŷ߸𾪣ͻȻüͷһա
Ŷ
һӰӯɳ±ϣŸ߸ͷ꣬һ̾Ҷȡ
ҶȴŸ߸꣬û뵽ڴ˵ػһŵӣʩλʦ֣ˡ
û£
߸ͷĮӦһĿϣȻͫ˼飬ϣȻɢһǿѪֱӰ޾䣬жǣ߸ٴҶȣ̾ÿµϣҲøһŸͻƵɡȻնɱȼǿߵޣ
·˵أһݣû뵽ôȤˣҲ򵥡ҶȴԷЩ
ҶȱҪ뿪ɽ˵أⷢһϧݣ㶯նɱػޣ˭ͬš
ৣ
ս·˰ɣ
ͻȻ˴˷£Ѹ߸ͷΧʵʵɱˣһŸ߸ͷꡣ
սĪһеţ
վϵҶȣüͷһ壬Ÿ߸ͷսоϣȴһɷǳǿ
ս˿壬԰һЦҪɱңûôףңɱңұƼˣڵġ
Ұʲôûûޱ֮ˣִҷŹ㣬Ρһӣʮ㣬ǿΧҶ춼ǡ
ǰ
һ̣Ҷ΢΢һû뵽ż£˰׼ҵˣңǰ׼ҵţİ
СӣʲôһոͻƵɵĴ
׼ҵУиӳҶȴһ
սˡ
սҪʱͻȻһշλ꿡ܣһ
ˣ
Ȼҧˣһ̣޲ðսԵ
ţսҲʧˣĿҶཻղųֵǰһͬ뿪
ʲôšãһȡŵñӣ
Ҷһվϣӭ翴ա


85 ɹ
һɽ壬ɽƼ·ǻŵķ棬һȥûκ
û뵽ҶȣȻô񣬲֪õٰƹ
һϵʯһλߣ΢˫ۣһ紵ڵǰĲԷ¶ĺ괹ӵա
˫ͫŷ𿴴գŶ̶̼£ûͻƵ£նɱǿߣͻƵɡڽԲ񣬽˵ȥС
ʦ
һӰգԶͿշҶȡ
Ȼͻ˵ɡ
˿ɫȻ糣Ҷǰȡöٰƹ
һö
ҶʵشӴץһööƹ˿˿ʮ⣬ȫսָ֮С
ͽգŶô֪ʦ񣿡ҶɫţΨΨŵŵŶԷ
Ϊʦ⣬ôԺҲ޷õⱦƿʮżƷȥɣǳҪ
Ҳòģһץһɫƿ͸΢΢һƿҶȣʵ֪Űһε
ͽ֪Ҷ㶣ҡҡͷ
ºᣬԺԺܳӶԲμӣʥԺҲμӣй͵ߣܲμŲɣͷԶμڱеŽᣬʱʮţţۼһá˲˵ɣ£Զƽ
Žᡭʮŵţ
ѪȣŷҪҶһֱ½һ̨ڣá
ָһ㣬˼Ƭ̵ʣδʱ䣬ԳΪɾеĳɫţܴڱȡΣͿԽصġС硯УΪʦõһȡǼȥ᰷ڣΪ᰷صĺĵӡ
С硭
ʣҶȻǵһΪŵӣȻ֪ôһصĲڣΪţʥԺصĵط֪С磬űлҪء
ͬʱҶҲ𾪣˾ȻӻҪ˽ţںܺ棬С֮Уʲô᰷ں
ŹȻȻҪ˽Уܽ⿪һšҶȰ߬ȭͷԺ侲һС
УɾһŲ٣Ǹ壬ת壬õ˴Уһ޵ɣ᰷дУնɱʦΪһиĵҩԴ㣡
һ̣˵һɿԡ
ԭô˵ãԭתֲã֮Уӵͨȵȡ
Ҷʮ𾪣û뵽徹Ȼת֮壬ǵõ֮ӻ˭ܶԿ
ϧͶ£᰷ڣɾͷǷŮնɱɳھͽ񣬵һȡС磬ڶնɱ壬ϴθĺɷʮֲõúãҲ塣˳ᢵĵҶһ˿ģһһ
ˡǰǰȷǸ߸ϣϧڣɱңҲκβ㣬ʱǲַģ᰷ڡҿǻҪģ
ˣ뻢ıƤҶѾǵǸҵߡ
ΪʦߣԺѣֱңһ仰廯Ϊһ裬ʧ
㣿ˡЩطһҪģҶȹͱˣȻżٷȥ
꣬ڼʵҪģɹ

պš
쳽壬֮һʥͬҪ
쳽һƬ¥ȴһ˶Ĺ㳡ڹ㳡ųǧʯ˹֣ʯ¶һӣģڹ㳡ܣǿػ
㳡Ϊ̨ŵʥأҲǽء
ѾɹƷ٣޵֮壬̨ȱµĵãȥ֮󣬷ſľӦ¡
ţɸߡ
£ڸҶȵǼǣҶʲôҲû˵ʱо㳡ϢعͨһһӦ
Ҷȵһϻţûȥɲֱ쳽壬һɹ˵ԺӣǽܳҲ޷ô졣
Ҫе֪Ҫǿ
ûй涨ʱ䣬ȥ󲻱żԽãԽãеǰֱ޵ö죬ȥɡ
һλ߰ƵݻҶȣһڴſռϣʱһֲռ֮һɫС
쳽徹Ȼôǿķӡ
𺳣ҶɫУʱоһʱճ涴գۼ䣬ҶȾأǰһ߰ɡǧɵĹʯ
Ҷɢʶ뿴ʯ֮ϵ֣Ȼһǿʶʶⷢ
ԭžôƿ֮ģ쳽壬һޱµ󷨣󷨿ԽһʶĨȥʶ
Ҷȳһ޴ʯǰӡ֡
ν˼Ǵػ˼
ʿУһĥ£ǧգ컯
Խι̣ɻԽ󣬳ɾԽߣÿ˶˼ʿʵ޵ö졣
Ҫķᣬᣬ̣ǶȻںϣڻͨʱ̣õγɶ졣
ֻͨصţһ
죬˶ޱ޼ʵĿռ䣬̺ʱա
ʿҪ޵عͨĶܿ볤ţԾຣֱͨأʵһռ䣬γɿռĳΣ˶죬ʿܸܵءɰٴɻ
Ǻ˽ӣӳϪˮϪˮ̺˳¶¶أز챾ＫϢ
ʯϣ֣صıԴ
ҶУУÿֶһγϹŴеĽᾧ˽ڻ֪Ϲοء
̣ϪˮӲţͣЪ
ģϪˮʣ뽭ӣ󣬺أ˰ٴ
ֻһģǻۣǱĹͨأ뾫ںϡ
ϹʱڣδδСħޣСؿ飬ǱΪʳ
Īģ֮УÿϸЩǴ֮ͨš
Щֵ֣Ҷ˵ҪҶȴʱоԼǸոճӤҪ
ʱһôȥڹ㳡ϿգʱʱشˣǴɹĵӡ
ʮ졢ʮ졭
һºҶȷŷһ̣ڵ棬һδȫˣʯͨ͸Ө
Ҷȵü䣬һصĽ⣬ЩͨգҶţǾͼڣաɢŽ⡣
ͬʱҶƤ£ŷǧǹʣЩǹƳĶʣҶȾʥ
򷨹һǳ
ҶͻȻۣ˫һŰڵϣʱڵһźɫǳһһƬǺӡ
ǺѪ¯ʱ¯ڷǺҶҲȻԪ
СƬǺӣ졭ڳɹ̤һأɹ
ɲǼ䣬ҶһΪ˵Ĵоӯޱȣ徹ȻղԪȻ٣ǵе
֤ؽҶȣҶҲع档
ֻ֮󣬲ӵеҶ֮ǰӵնɱɰصǿûо磬򲻵һ塣


86 ԭ㲻
ˣҽ쳽ѽ£
˾ȻôͻƵɣǾȻûյɽʧɶ񣡡
ɱ壬ԫڴϣ·߰λԺӣء
ίʵɶ񣬾֮죬ԫ֣ʵնɱСӣ֪ͨǴ硭
ǴڣСӱ
˶һۣɹʶŷ׷վ˵
ԫúüۣĸ֪һɵӶð£ɾͶԷţңԫҵλߣҺиǽܳӣھɱһϯ֮ء
Ҷ⣬ԫôھɱ㡣
ԫ
ڴʱһƮɫӰȰԫߣǡ
ԫվʱ麹ˣ磬ˡ
ٲھɱվסţݣۣ˾ŷ硣
Ǵ硭
ɲǼ䣬ҵȫ˹£ûˣԫ򷿼䣬ʱӰ١

쳽壬̨
ۣǿգֻ࣬أ
ʯ£ҶգĴԪ˿ڵ֮УƬǺӿȥһֻ̳аƴС
¯죬һ
һɫҶ˫ͫ˫һһץһɹΧڵ֮УǶǺͬʱѪ¯ͭƾӨ¯ڳһӣŶǺӽѪ¯֮С

Ѫ¯Ҳ㱼ţǺӲȡѪ¯ʹѪ¯ڶǰһ
γɵĶ죬ֻһƬ󣬶ǿʱױ˴ݻ٣ѶѪ¯֮Уһ㱣Ѫ¯Ҫ붴á
Ҷʱöǿ󣬾Ժ֮лγһؿռ䣬ռ䣬ǵҪľڡ

ɽɽУһʮɽɵľ޴ɽͳɽ
ɽ壬һ챮֪˭ÿֲ챮д¡ɽ֣Ծÿһʻ֮У̺ͨһ˿һۣսǱʻ֮в
һɽ壬һڡ
ףԺ
ʮ˹һ꿡ǰţһԲԺۣӢϣɢ֮ԹǰЩԺӣĸΪߣ꼫ΪƽŷӦø߸ϡ
Ԫʧܶ飬ұϳģȥ٣پһΡ
ĮԱߣµԪ廨ڵϡ
壡
󣬷׷¹ٴλ깧άø߸ϡ
лӣ±ΪӰǰ龫ǣԪһмһͷڵϡ
ߣ죬ɱңƽʱôҵģһҶȣ֮ءɰ֮󣬺Ԫ˵Ⱥ֮УؾصͷУǾߵģĻȴ˿ɱȣƻ
û뵽Ҳз죬ţ˱˭ܳһΪϵҩҴָ㣬طɻڴ
һɨ˸ҶӣһЦֳ°ͣζĵ˭кüıپ˭
ӣº󣬱ǰᣬʱҲμӣҲͬǰȥؾͷʢǲŹģϾֻвμĵӲܲμӽɱȥμӽᣬǽ롮޵򡯺󣬱նɱ
˵Ķԣӣѻţǰ˵³أ˵ѾΪ֣Ҫ֮Уնɱίʵף±ϾʥԺӣڣҲȶʥԺͷ֮١
Ҳͬں޵ÿУҪɱˣ˭ֹɹ涨ʥԺͷܽȥ޵򣬵ʱ㾣ҲȾ
λԺӴǰΪ׼ƣһϲ⣬ĸǳǸͶ죬ȻҪֺöԷ
޵գǸʺɱ˵ĵط㱾ûչǣ
֣Цֻмʱ䣬Ƕȥ׼ã汾ӽ޵ȡϳɼڴ˴
¶ȫӣ
ٴ¹
һƬԺһŮӲԣų㷭ֻԾŮһɫźڷһ͸ʥϢһһЦΣС
Ȼû磬þҵ֪׼˻ĻǾҾŹң£Ů£Ȼɱ
ģһȡң˴αɣͦӲȻܻõһֳһƣǰʲôҲǣֻҪҴһţҲΡ
ΰһͬ޵ۿŪɱ
쵭ȵ§ر߰ͤȥ

ҵĶ֮У̺Ԫأ측ϢҲ֪Ǹǻ
ĸ£û뵽գ۾ɹôʱ䣬ǳȥʱ򡭡
̨ҶͻȻۣ鿴˵оѪ¯֮УޱȣҶʱҲ޷֪
Ҷվעһʯ
ȻϿճһ˲Ҷȣŷգؿռ䣬գۣҶȾͳڸ߰ɵĹϴ¡
ֶһλʽʿϲ㣡
ߣٴؿռ䣬һѹȥʱӿУҶȾ͸оУȻԼĳϢָо
ţִһӣɨҶԺʱ䣬Ҷȹ֮䣬ǰʧ
ţȻҪĨ֮һм䣡Ҷ΢΢ߣ·ȥ
·壬ϵɽ֮ɾۼ
ֵܡ
ҶȻΪһ翿·壬ͻȻһƬӷɳƺһֱҶȣҶȻ֣ڴˣ絽
磬ȻͻɾأʮأãȥֵܳǱֵΪɽ٣Ҷȷ£ӵһ·Ϳշȥ
겻ֵܹ˳ɣڴ綼ʵжǿ
ʱ˿̣ѾܲҶϢһ˿Ҷɾɱɣɾ͵ɣ֪޵һֲ硣
Ŷ̶̲һʱۼ֤ҶһͻƣͻƵɣżʱ䣬ţûκοɽȫңŵӣĸǵõǿ߰ųɾš
УҶȾԲͨˣϣضص鷢
ţ
ȻҶȶ˷ɹϤɽʱҶĿٲֱ£һСͳ칬ǰһϤѪ֮ڲңмϤϢ
·ֵܣôˣĪʶЩˣһڹǰɽҶԳ֣ʵ
ȻˣһĴ磬޻ڣ˵Ϊƴȥ
˵꣬ҶȻΪһ򹬵
޻ڣǰЩʱ䣬㲻˵ϴżȻʤôҾԭˣᣬٴһս
һλ۵ˣĳ徣޻ںڴǰ޻ھȻһʱƶھ޻֮ˣһһ뿪Ͷˡ
޻εҡҡͷȭԭû뵽㾹Ȼһʱڣͻ˵أΪܳӣǰҲԣһ
ۡԭһмһˣһҽܳӣ㻹һսǰ㣬߸ϣڡߣҪҲУһңڶ¹ϴ
㡭޻ں޵ҧгݣ⿴ĴҵӣڳЦЦյ˭ô
ʵˣͻ̤
ԭ㲻䡭
ͻȻҶھ޻ߣ徣ԭӦһƽ
޻𾪿Ҷȣûϵڳ֣ңԭ˵ͷǶͺ·ô


87 ǿ
޻סҶֱۣʾ⣬˼ȻҶȸϽ뿪
ԭʲôˣ˲޻ģһõΪܳӣϲŹһеˣǾԭһر
ʼҶȶδһʯһɴ䡣
Ǿ
ľȻ紫˵ǰ㣬˵ɣһأ
ǰãʥ̨ۼɾɱɣɣµض֣
̬Ǿڳ˸ԭǵأսܳӣôҲ֣
ѶľҵӣһʱָҶ۷׷ףŴúܿྣΪܵ͵ĵӣԴ԰ǼӺԺӣʱѾֹߡ
ֵǰɾأնɱأڽɣϵؽܳӣҲЩֵһȡʤգ
վһԵʱܵΣʮأԷ˭ŵĽܳӣӵɱȨϣҲ

ԭһ죬ȫǵϵԺӣʮˣǾˣдͶԭӡ
ԭͻƵأܳӣǵλ֮ǰֱ֮ſν߸ϣʥԺӣܳһ죬ϳ棬ɱκεӵȨ˸ҹܡ
·壬ܳӿҲֻʮңϾҲֻǰˣʮܳӣѾǷǳ˲ãңʥԺͷ
ԣڵľԭ·˷£ֱȨľ
˵ͷʢ˵һеУ㲻һֻ϶ѣ
žˣ·ľˣԭȻھͲҶӣֱҶһ⡣
һйֻ֮£ԭôҲͬ壬еӣͻƵأʥ̨һս
̬һ޻û뵽ҶȻֻ֣һˣܵҲûʲôԺԶϣֿͬȵţΪ֣ͬ޻Ҳ뿴žɳΪһǿߡ
޻ڣѾûʸҽԭü
˶Ϥ
ڸĿ£ҶȻһȻӣɨΧϤףҶЦЦֱľԭԭôǾҳȴ˲ֵһ壬Ҫǿֻһ㣬Žᣬ޵κΣԶҲûκ塣

ԭһЦ˵棬ĵʵǵҾߣƽ£ߣ³ֻй
ҪǿҪŽᣬڵľңܳΪһΪʥԺͷŽᣬȥֻѾңþҲ벻ɾҩԨ֮С
УԭҸղ˵ûʸ㲻䣬ΪͻƵأܳӾĿ˵ĻҲ⵱ž˵棬ѵ㣡
Ҷ̧һָָԭھǰƽ˵

žķ֣ԭЦ
ҿĿˣˣ͸úúýѵ
һأҸܳӽа壬Ҫһ㣬ܳǿֱĨɱԺԺӣ治ֻ·һ
ţھԭЩӣһ޼ɵѿڴЦղҶǷֱһЦ
ƾǷգҾҪѵ㣬Ҳɱ㣬⣬ӣҪ㶴졭
ԭһɭɭ׵磬ǽ棬âˣָҶȣŭ籼ڽˮ
ң
ڴʱ޻չֱۣҶǰ۾ôģһҪ뾣ԭƴͷ
޻ڣֹˣɱֵܣû֯ûֵܾܣֵڿͷϴԷΪһԺԶţˣҲؾң嶪
һЦԭģͷޱǿʢƣž޻ڣУɱݺᣬƵζžˣԵХ
ڳˣ޲ĲĺëԺӺһЩɵӣԭⷬǷŭѣƺߣӦõһȣΪǿū
Ĳʣŭɶʱ˿ֻ̣мܳѵԭһãٰΪۣʹҲζ
֮ôˣǾͷ˶Դ
գֵֻѡҪôҪôͷɣ󣬸ʮ
˫Ŀ£ԭԺͨ뺣ŰԵ˼㣬ƺ磬һƿء
ʱоҵˣӣǶ֪³ֻһ޻ֵܱɣܲܵôĵ棬ͷɣ˭ͷ
ԣֵֻ·һ
Ҫңǽ죬ҲҪһ·
ͷ޻ȫһ䣬ȫɢ˫֮䣬ֳһУǱǶ죬صǿ졣
Աͬھ㲻У̫࣬һ죬һأԱҲֻͽͶѣԭһ䣬׼֡
ݣ
һŭס֮ʱһǿƷƼžֻоռһŵضɽҡ֪ʲô¡
䣡
ţװĴһ̳ϯһ˲㱻εǸоһ̣ʲôڵ汬
ȿȡ
ôˣʲô飿ղʲôҸоǿǵɾءʮǿ߲ܱ
Īһǿǿ߳ˣ
סǣӰûڳ֮Уվȣ㵿ŰĢų̣һɫĢ
㡭㣡ǽܳӣҶҶ֡
ͻȻʧԭսսŴͣһ˼鿴ڵһ֮У߸ϲһľԭȻҶȲڽ£ãһ
찡
һоʹ˾ԭǽܳӣأŵһأҸոͻơ
һɲǣˣ޲𺳣Ծŷؤһ±˻ʵһԼ۾
УԭҶȲڽ£޷֮Ҷȣ̬ŷûһ㣬Ҷǰԭһӡ
ԭжߣж˰ɣ
Ҷľĵˣ˿ɻ䣺ССأʲôҪɱ㣬һѣǣģҲɱ㣬ҲŰ㣬Ϊ㲻ͬ·ˣͬķϣһΣ´ΣŰ㣬һժȡͷ
áֽкá
žžžһʱ䣬ףһ˸ǹһˣգ·壬ҵˣּǣϣ֤ŵ
ţҲûԽնɱ߽ǿ߰ɣֵܣʲô塢ţ㣬ڱҲûȼ磬ǧšţبѼ
źţѪȣ֪ΪΡ
磬߰ɡҶȰѽŴӾԭŲȻһԾ뾣޻ڡغϣȳ޻ڵȥ

޻ڼ޻˵û뵽ԼµĵܵܣȻһ죬ɳ˾޴

ͻȻԭ߸ԾֳһɫˮɽһҶٶ֮죬ڳûܷӦ֪Ҷˡ
ҶͻȻֹͣŲһ䣬һץҲûת֮ƺйεѾԭӸ߿һץ£ӥץСȻײڵϣҳһӣԭӺڷһ¶Ųʡ
ұ֣ãֵܣߣ˿ڿˮһ𾪵ľ޻׷Ҷȡ
ʵһдܵء
ʣ¾ˣԭؿŷ棬þ޻˵


88 ֻƽ
磬һס죬ɽ٣Ȼ⼸³ȥչأºҪμӰ
ǰҶֱӰܸ޻ڡ
޻лڸղǷ𺳳УоҶǰǵһȣʮͷɡ
ˡ
ǰһȭл

һȻƾһ΢縡𣬳ڶȥžʧҶȡ޻ü뿴Ϸֻδߡ
ɡ
ָ䣬ҶȲѿڶ
ɡ
޻ɫأ֮࣬Ҷȣ˵һ䣬ʱŵֱð麹
Ҷ뾣޻ڼʱڴϷ֪ʲôʱһѩɫ硢µӡ
ʮ壬͸Ű߳ߣ۾񣬱ͦһ֮󣬸ϵɶ칤ɡ
ڰϣǸɫ֣ۡ
μ棡
޻ȹʩ񣬹ޱȣҶҲ˵һ䣬͸˹¡
޻ڣ겻ﻹһ
˺Ȼ̧ͷͫž޲ǳһƵ˵һȻĿ⿴Ҷȣ¶һ˿Ȼ
ˣ·ˣλ֮һ¡
Ҳ㾣һλţҲǺպţٶǰͻɣɾʥԺ١
Ҷȵȷʵ֮УȻ̺˿˿򣬶Ҷ޷
°дҶȣͼҪҶܣǣʮ־ȣȻΪһһصߡ
޻ǰһ֪кҪҪԸ
ˣҪΪᣬҲŵܵܣȻȴиҪţղţһдܾԭƾһ㣬Ҿңбܻþ޴ĺô
Ϊ߸ϵɣ˵죬¶̸糤һλˣκ޵Ϊģ˽ҪΪҶôȡѳɼ
⣡
ԾƣҶʮȻϾ˽֣ҪǰΪ߳һأǿɣһӦ
Ҷȵ˵ͷƽڵ棬һᾡжúóɼǳԷˣҴ޻ڵ
Ҳã޻ô꣬Ҳ޻˵
ûзԣµĿһ۾޻ڣһһݺ޵ϸͼǲҪ⣬Ǻ޵򣬾Ҳ룬ŷӡ֮⣬ȼɵǿڣд˵пɵħԹſɽҲδ룬Ҫס
޵򣡡Ҷ΢΢һû뵽޵˿£ȼɵĴڣ½ûһλɣſɽȣҲֻɸ߽׶ѡ
֪޵жôֲ
ΰǸ֮ᣬҲǸ֮ǰÿǰ׼ҡҡȵȼΪӮңϣһΣǾҳΪһӮˡ
»ճڣ˾ôͻȻʧڴϣһݹϵƤž
ˣ
ѣæ£ǵһɣ˵ǽܳҲ
ղлл㡭
޻ͻȻڣʮѹ֣ףղҶȰӽھ
ȻͬĸϾֵܣͬѪΪԼ⣬ҲΪ⣡
Ҷ˵꣬ƫȥ
û뵽һһΪ£޻ڻЩһжģҶȳԺʲô鶼ˡ
պ
޻֣ξͰ㣬뼸ֵܶҪ޵ϣܸ㣬ֵһͬ
һҵӣȫԺӣҲвԺӣͳͳվھ޻ǰŴ
ЩǴ߰ɣκ˶ʸμҲй涨ҪҪʮͲſԱһ޷˳ҴֻҪǰŹɹߣһɽ
޻ǰɫղ
Ҳǡ
ţɽľҵӣ˽ӿЩ˶յ֪޻£ϵ
Ϊӵһ޵ƣƣԿκ˳룬ǲò޻ڡ
޻καϸɹ涨ʺߣԱЩˣȻߣȴȥûʮͣȻǽ롣
䣡
ͻȻڴ󷽣һס
ڶƷ٣
˾һ޻ɫһ̳ȥҵ˷׷׸ȥ뿴֡
ĺԺ㳡ʱճһ׵磬ΰ֮䣬·ͷվٽٹ֮Уס׼١
ǿپȻ׽٣ô࣬ҲѰ˰
վںΧҿһȻǵǰӦòҴ⣬һͷͻȥҲб˺Ŀܡ
û볤ϰɽ٣
ĴճλһˣţÿɵӶɽ٣ҪһԻٻ˵ɽ١
䣡
ʱһ׽ͻȻ£һХ
ƣ
һһ׵磬֮УնΣȻΪʧ
ţȻ£һ𱦽һնն
䡭
찡˾ȻԿ˾ŵ٣һ٣ǿʮ֮ǰǿһ
Ȼû˰޷ɹ٣
̧ͷʮ޴׵磬սգȡţ·Сȥ
ȿȡ
ǰŵ٣Ѿ۵þƣߣղסʱ˿̣Կǰŵ٣Ѿ漣ڣԵʮ٣ֻͽ
֪ţԼȹ٣ֻؼҵ壬ĽǺѼĽ󣬲֮ȹƷ٣
˽ҲнȹƷ٣ҲһţֻϧѾƣߡ
ۿʮȡؽĿֲϾҪ˷ŷֹͣ۾һĻ
ͣ
ʮһ̣ҶȾȻճֱ֣ͷſֲǿ֮С
ǡ

ʹȥ
ҶȻ֣ſָȻƾտʮ½
У˿̣ҶȷŷԶսԼ֣¶ǿĳأа
䣡
ҶֱһУһץʮʱգţһɿֲѪɫâǣɢΪС
šսҲһŴϢ


89 
û
ˣһĿӣо𺳣˼顣
ţղŴٽʮУǵʮǿߣҲգֻǿߣŸţط򡣡
оͬҾң
ǰ죬һл˸ոսܳӵľԭǲѴ֮˴٣жǿ
ʱ˿̣ڳ˭𺳣ڹҶʵ
дֵܣҲ޺
޻ο̾ϢɿգһƬ糺죬ʱ󾪣ǻɫĪʥ𣿡
ĪǣĶ죬Ķ죿
ڵ棬ҶȻ׽գһɿԷɱɵʥ֣һЩǣȥ
Ǵ˵еʥУҲʷҲֻмָ߼ʥǸǿ߰
µǻ棬ڳ˶ŴͣȸղŻҪ𾪡
ʥ𣿡
üϸ룬Ҷͷڹżпʥʥ֮һֲһʥʥ˵죬ֻǴʥ֮зѶı档
ʥʥУҲܸ߼ģȳʥ߼٣½ʷϣӵʥϴʿˣԺǾǿߡ
ͨͨ
˷ܲѣͷ˫һץǧǵʥǻסٻȡ塣
ҶôֲԪ޵׶سֵԪȫ롣
Ҳ֪ѵãʵܿʮ֮һͲʮֻһżͷ޷ˡ
ͨͨ£
ۿŽȥʥҲʧһ̣ҶȲңͷֱӰٹâ˺һӣ֮У֮һʥһѿƣǿա
ͳͳ룡
ûһջȫȡʥҶͷð亹ǿʥжѣ˺˽֮ǵʮҲԣҶȴˡ
ˣֵܣȫȡʥҶͷ󺹣վһ䡣
䣡
Ҷջӽ˳һ̣ؽȻŭذҶ˳ȥƺڷŭŭ˸նԿء
ͣ
ŵŵ˺ҶԲס³һѪգߵĽǿ޷
죬ȷʵСʿ֮죬Ҫ죬ţһ죬Ҫ˺죬̤ƴأҶȲѪҴܵعƽ
ֵܣû°ɣҶߣż塣
Ҷ΢΢һЦû£ˣ¸ղŲҲҪΪһ磬ϿطϢ̶죬ȫʥ𣡡
ֻʮ죬ұܳʱһɲǺɽ̷빬֮С
ˣž޻һһɢȥԺ˭ǸҶǾֶΡ
Ҫ¡ãÿȥҶҵӣҵǣңһſ㣬ҪҶŽһ𣡡
ҵնɱ׼ҡؼôˣа׼ҡͳͳŹˣϣһлã
죬ָƣҶվڹϿգʱһĸоڿʼΪ֮¾һ

Ļ壬λűԵɽ֮У£ɽһ߲ĻȻɽҲһ羰֮ء
뿪ɽʱҶϵѵɽ֮У
Ҷɽۣ֮ǰĻ壬Ҷһɫ壬Ҷµһ·׷Ҷڿ϶ҶǰɽС
óͼҶȴ֪ɽ֮Ҷȳɽ弱ٷȥ
ذ֣һ
׻֣ɣ
Ļ嶫棬һɽȣأּ俪Ұɽ¥¥¥ϣ۵ںȾƣϷŸ⡣
ˣһһ⣬һɭɭģ˸оռթ
Ҷͨ˵ɣҶںδǸҶȣ
αܿ࣬˵˻кôţҶһֱ۶ѣסҺƱҪҶңǻа׼ҶҳҪ壬ʱ㻹ûֻ·һ
ǰȻյʮŵӣһִΧһɵ
ǰˣȻҶؤ˵û̧ͷƳһۣҡҡͷ죺͵ȫˣϻ
컹ͦӲǷģǲôɱǣԶûָָͬǣΧԲؼҵĵ̣
ɭɭذ˵
ţ
ҶͻȻһһ΢˸׻ذɫһɻҶĿ⿴з֮һɫӰͻȻ¥
˺İ
ذ׻ĿһԣɱѾ˵ΪһأǵɶأԸһһأ´ࡣ
׻һԵʵߺˣ

ӰδأȴҶĮ֮
ذ׻ʱסˣûˣӡ֮УҲûо˴ڡ
ңǵ֪޷ĳ
ҶȺأеҶ𣬻Ҷҵǰʱɫһ䣺ǹɣȥסң˵ĻӽԺҵģˣһС
׻һţ¥ζһ⣺ëͷСӣȻǾҵˣؼҲӣȰȻǿɲˡ
ͣ
˵һ׻΢ͣüĳһѪ۾Ƥڷ磬ƺûôһ£̶ˡ
㡭
ʣǸذ˵գۼ䣬ɱ˵ɶ׻ƾһ㣬ذҲ֪طܿģĥĥתˡ
˴˵ؾҾ̣˭£һɱһһ˫նһ˫
ҶȺХذ·ˤΧɽĵӣҶ֮
ݣ
ָһһֱӰնҶ˷׷أÿ˴𾪲ž֪ǰİˣþҵĵӣΪҪ־ǡ
硭
ʱҶͻȻһҶŵҶļ͸ղȫһҶЩϤһʱ벻ҶԷ֪ԼΨһϵʽôȡ
磬㿴ҵ˭
Ҷʩչ׹ǹòʱرģ
㡭Ҷȡܵܣһ̣Ҷ͵س˲˫ۣɻ󡢲⣬ɱ𾪣˷ܣǾϲһѱסҶȣ


90 ǿɽ
Ҷȡǡ
ڳҶڵӣĸҶԶһżʮꡢϰʮأûһ˳ɾ͵ɣУʮ꣬ΪۣΪū
ءǿƴѹ£ҶҵŹ磬ؤԴ󱲳Ȼѹء棬ű廹Ҫŵڼ˭𾪣ԴΪŷٺڰһϣ֮⡣
磬ܿˣӽԺһԾݣػҶңҶʰյλҶҶδֵܣʡ
ҶˣҲ׷Χ

ʲôһһϣɱ׼ҵˣΣǾңҲҪָ˵Ҫѵоˣ
Ļ弸һɽ壬ذ뼸λؼҵӣм׼棬һءҵǿߣءҾЩˣ׽޷졣
ءңΪһҡ׼һλѮߣһģһѺۣɱ
١
ͻȻؼҵӣվţһλɫܵԺӣ߽
ݣʮңִɽü˫ӥ˲һɨ˸оĿһ͸
棬㲻Сȥô
ذæԣӭϷ̨׼ҵˣ׷վ·˭һ˿
һ壬Ƕ壬һλɣǱһ绽꣬ԺӣΪǾͻΪһ壬׼ҲΪϱ
ݣؼΪߵĵӣţΨһһλΪԺӵһ⼸̶ʱڡ
һб仯ٽؼҳִǿߵԭ򣬶ΪſʼΪĳ֣ؼҷظ޴ת䣬һ³Խ׼ңִɶءǿߣԺҲˡ
׼Ҳһңݵؼͷϣԭؼڶ̶̼ʱ䣬˴ǿߣ׼ףһж壬ûڵؼҡ
õС㴹࣬ΣΪΪԺӣ
УݲϤǸѮ棬̶ʱ䣬ȻıòϻͯΪԺӡ
üɽƳһۣ֪Ƕ֪СΪ
˻һס
ء˩һϵƣ빲ǵ壬ȻԽǿǵλԽȹ̡
С˳ͻƵأҪͻƵأЩʱСһ£޵Уνɾµһˡݻ˵ף͸գÿ˺ëֱ
ɾһˣ
ذ׼ˣڵ𾪡㵡˷ܡύһ鸴ӣÿлȻһɰԡ
С㻹೤ţʥԺӣ˭СǰСڳﱸμӱ£μΰΪءӴڹ͵㣬СѾкءˣÿ˶Խȥ޵򣬶ң˭ҵǣ׼ңҲ޻˵
һ߰ϣָһЦ޵֮Уķӣ鱦ضǣ񣬲ǶɼǽУΪ
Ҳϣͻء
һ׼棬̾
ڳ˭˲ˣǶ֪ǽȥ޵ǸɴǽȥȡΪȫһлᡣ
ңʷϣʷǰ
ݽŵСС㣬СУҶͻ˵ɣС֮󣬶ΪԺܳӣ
ǽţŲһʱ䣬Ȼֱͻ˵ɣ찡¡ͻ磬˼飡
Ϊ֮һѪӿһĽش˫ۣʵĽѣõ崹࣬Ҳһ֮󣬽ԳΪŸ߲ӡ
Ҫȫ£׼ҵģ壬ҪͷɭɭĵղŹ˵ʵǼҲһսΪģøˣؼҡ
СߣдߣҴ඼ǽܳӣǵõСգ˭ûеõôҲһˣֻҪȫȫС㣬ٽ죬죬ͻܵСС㣬ŵһˡ
վ죬飬𳤺硣
һЧС㣡ڳˣʱ췢ģЧ塣
ܺãԺ񣬾ĴټκˣЧС㣬õϺôˣղƺ£
£ذȻ˶ͬڣݽԺӣذǰС
ذǰһɫĵ棬ڸղţһҵӣҶȡĻ壬նɱ׻ԣԺĻ̣
ҵӣ
ȻĿ罣âʵȷʵһͷСҲ壬ʥԺӣС㣬ȴǱʥԺӵλҪߵĳϣ
оŵһأʵǿһ֣նɱ׻׻ǰϣҶǰЪ˹ĸоذһĺޣ޲ðҶȰƤ
һ𣬺üۣһӣΪۣ֮ƺռ䣬׷Χ
棬ѵ֪ˣ
ڳˣɻ󲻽⣬һһߣǾҵΣףֵ˴
ݻ˿üŭǲڲ߶ߣǾǱΪСһǰãԵһΪͬˣԭǾԭǸ߸ϵĽܳӣء
һأء
ɲǼ䣬ٴ𾪣ÿ˸оڳϰ˵ǣУ޵õһأǵĺ󱲣ʲôսһȻӵ֣ʵ
ѵˣбóԷһ򵥡
Уо·һһӡңͷǰ͸бƮ飬ڣˣأЩ
ȻδҶʲôִ£⣬ذȥ̽̽ڷ磡
ǣݲΥ棬жҶȣȴǼɵҪɱˣ£ǰݣҶǰҲķݡ
һʧǰ
Ǹ棬Ҳҵݡذʧ֮˿໥ۡ
ӽԺһԾݣػĻ壬øλǰҰѴҩ磬һУ
Ļ壬¥ҶϷҶʮˣǹκε
⼸һڴҶɽ٣ɹ̤龳磬Ȼȥ쳽̨һɹλǵӴţҲǸһȡҶһһʮ齻ûһ˿䡣
ؼݣϣһ⹧ݣ
ͻȻմò
Ȼˣڴ˵أ鷳ģҲһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫
Ҷվˣһ磬˲ɳ
ֺϣذվֺ֮УֺҡҷɫأҶȵʩݵ֣·ܾԭΪ羣޻ڳ˿ڶû뵽Ƭ̾ƬĵʧԶӭ
ҲǷʲôԺĻҵĵһһңؼҪҪĻ壬ɣҶȸ߸ϣԵأɱ
˸飬к޵ֱ£òʩʩ񣬴ذתߡ
յؼңĿˣŰ裬Ҫúɱɱǵ棡Ҷȵû뵽ԷôؼҲӣҪҲģҶ˿壬ݡ


91 ٴ
½ʮ죬ҶȰҶҵһΪԸҩֱӷëϴ裬ҶҲֱͻʮأţҶȰһɽ٣Ʒ٣˶죬ҶҳҶ֮⣬ٶͨѴ֮
Ҷ΢ǿЩҶǰȻСٱһ㣬˶ɽ֮һһȥ쳽̨
ȥ쳽壬ҶȾͰĻʮɽʿͳͳߣЩ˶ؼļĵӣţŵðȾܡ
ΪҶһ԰ĵطҶȱص·壬ҵȻһͬɽɲȥ
ɽصɽ֮Уڽ˸â
ҶٴλعɽɽХĺ䶯ҶңѾҶ֪ҶңҶͻʮ֮ǿߣڳƳΧټؼˣطؼ
Ҷǿٻ˾ۼɽԴҶȴֳƳǣպ֮طؼҷ壬ѣءסϴѹĴѲҶ䣬ֵؼ޴ɰͶ·֮ʱõҶټǶ˵׷ɽƼ
ҶǱڰĺɽʮֹؼ˼нˣǧˣսǿᣬɽջڵɽ˳
һ뾡һа취ָĵУɽҪȥ춼ǣף
һոսլԺҶҶԶţҶ졢һԣҶҲУٿһˡ
ҶԶ֪ҶŴһأϲ־֪ʲôط̶ѨȥݣҶԶ֪޷ıҶȾֻСģȶһСĽϾ
ɷģȵʵү׻Ҳֻ·һҶԶһֻĸͣΪ˰վ˵
˵ǣͷİɣЩ죬ɣ˳ѡЩǱʵˣȻˣһһǷëϴ裬ȹƷ٣ȻͶţ
ҶȽ꣬ɳ
峤Ҷڷˡ
ҶҶԶǰһͬߵſڣգֱӿˮҶҲеɾˡ

磬Ǿڴ˷ֱ𣬹죬ٴۣ
ֵܣСģ
ɲǶԭҶɲȥҶֱʩչȫз춼ǡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷļ٣ǻԺ䣬ĸ׶Լįϴ棬Ҷȵʹ
һȥҶҪɱۣɱ׼ҼȮ
ٽƻ裬춼ϦУԾԾ趯ǽϣʿϸѲߣŹκһ䡣
ǳķţҪرգ̷ץʱǳأʿһһ飬ݣУŵҶȻڳǽϣҶȾ޴񣬻ʿÿ˶һ飬١
˴꣬Ȼû˿ɼжôץסҶȡ
춼ѲʿˣǸʿ඼ǵһصǿߣʮؾȻΪˡ
ͨΧˮй֮ͨǿ߰أһֻӣҲԷ
ЩʿУǿ߾Ȼǵ֪۴ʿκﶼУ԰׼š½λɣҲɣΪϱοЩͽɡ
Ժ춼ǼˣƣݳֱȵϾƳ֡
Χߣȫǵɣڰ˵νһҧʮ¾
գԼǰүͬʱҲŹϣŻףһĿˣһȣٹ٣ȡãһţ˭µҪ
ԴϴҶȴȻɱȮֲð̱Ӽ£۲֪ˣϣҲˤͷˣԣڰ۲ĿǸ̬ȣ½£춼ǼһΪģҳҶȣ֮졣
Щ£׼½˸飬ӲûҵҶ䣬ҶӰҲûҵҶȣ£ɵޱȣ˯ʱһ֮ʣȡ׼
ԺǹڵһǣĮƮŵ硣
СЩ˭Ҵ˯͵Ҳ
ԺܶʿиһλɭɭĺߣһһѲӣÿȳ⣬޴͵ߣϳͲ
ǸҶȵСӻôǿ߶УһɣսɶأڸϵǿѰ·ô
ԣһλߣʿɻʵ
ž
˸˵꣬ͼӰһΣ˾ʮʹ࣬ΧˣʱҴ
ߣϷסҪŰ׼ңڴ½㣬Ҫ˳Ű׼ңϷǶͶүģһ˹ǾͿܸ棬ʱǸһȵʱ򣬶ҳӣ
ߡǡݺݽѵˣĻθ֮ԣͶ׼ңֻЧг·
ٿ
ͻȻһͻأķϿշ˶ʱɫһ̧ͷգĴѰʲô˰źš
ô
Ժһһ¥ߵĹ֮ϣҶһ£ԱĿվݶ֮ϣӭϦվƮ硣
ǡҶȣΧסξܷŹ
ƴֳХʿʱԾϳǽɽκοŵĵطʿʿ
ףТ
ҶзˮŹԺϣǸСݣʱֹס
һɱʿҶȿûһۣЩɣҲһУ߸ϣ߲ʣɰҶǰϣһţȫҪȥ
ȻС
ҵȶ
СǰܽͻȻĵ˫ֽץסˮ˷ܡֵĵĴҶȡ
һ̣ܽȥϧСݣֻܱ͸ССĴڣ׶
׽
ʵȲ֪ҶܶԸɶأΪǰһжͽͣ´󹦣ܵõ׼עνһ졣
ʱ䣬԰ټƵʿƻʩչֲҶΧȥ
һȺϣ֪
ôǿ߹Ҷȱ˫֣һգ̧һ壬ʱ䣬һɿֲҫһͷţ˷ɢȥ
ͣ
䣡
һ䣬ҫϰʿ˲ɱһڲһۿȥʬΧҶȣγһʬԲȦʬѻɽ
⡭͵ҫȫ־忴Ҷȣһʱ䣬ֳž֮УʿʿһŴ֪ͣ룬ʬ壬Ǿ޴
ֻһţɱ֮ʿҪ֣лô


92 㲻ɱ
գҵĵֻа׼ңʶȤģ뿪Ҳɱ˶ħֻǰ׼̫֣ǻҪΪ׼Ч³һȻҲɱˣȴɱˣһУ϶ѣ
Ӹ£ɻƻУһ죬ˣˣͶո
ߣλ֣ҪĻǿѾǿ֮ĩ˶ãɱЧҰ׼ң
ǣʱѾ˵Ѿ·뿪Ϊ׼ҵˣֻӲͷƤ
вʿȥǼҶǿʵ֪ڳ˭֣뿪⵽׼׷ɱش˵лһ·ǿɲڴ˶Ͱ;
ɱҶȣЧҰ׼ң
֪˭˺һɵʿǣĽʿٳɣһΣǻ󷨱ȫʵҶȴˮĹһ͹һ˽һˡ
ȻѡҾ·ߣ鳾һжΪޣǰҪܵսᣡ
Ҷ΢΢ۣ֣һץһѪɫ߰߹âǧǹ⣬˷ɢֱʿĹײ
ݵһѪɫǹ˹һУţԹٳɨȥ
ٸһصʿһȻҶȵһץǰ⣬ҶȵȻǡ
͡
ЩʿҶȥ˲Ǿ֪Ҷȵжֲʶתǹʵ̫죬лᣬ˵أءҲӲǹٶȡ
ǹֱÿʿ壬ǱŴһڿѪһڣͨͨأָ֮䣬ȥ
ǹˣ
ǰʿŵ£ǹ˿ûмǿ־۾һ̣֪ʲôǾǲ޿־壬תߣǸոշɳͱǹ壬صǿǹ̼飬ǹոȫ
ǣʿһ£Ϊʬеһ֡
Ӱ
ʣһЩʿվʿ˿̣޷⣬ֻ·һ׷תߣǣǹȻ䱬һ۹ââֱɨǵ壬Χһнݻ٣һƬǽ档
ôʿˣнǧʿʬ壬ڷУ͸첻ʣΪ
ˣ˭˺һǾ·һ
ԺΪģΧκνΪ棬ʬ壬ʿŵɥ˻꣬׷ߣʱת˾ͱɱ
ֻ뼸λǿߴٸǿʿѹѹط˹󣬸ǧʿʿΪһ壬ڣҪץסҶȡ
ȶߣ߸еţ󣬻а׼ҳ棡
ȳ˳ܽɫ԰ףȥˮæȰ
ףͰĿնɱʮĳޣѡˣѡ
ǿƣҶ˿壬οܽ
ֹܽû뵽Ҷһξʹһξ޴𺳣ż£ҶȾȻǿ󣬵ɿɶ߸ϣҶǰ˷һСɱ
գҪնʮĶԹ׺͵Զһֿܷǡ
䣬Ҷɱڡ
ɶ񡭡
۴һӣǧ˲ͣ£ÿ˼һʬ壬˵۸ۣ޵ֱĥҶȣ֣û뵽ãΣҲҪҪñ£һˣȻҶκйϵˣȫɱ
ƾһ仰׼ҾͲ죬Ѿ³Ǿ·һҶû뵽˵޲Ļ
˭նɱˣҪٺΪϱգڳ֮ˣ˭ֻҪ˳նɱҪؽͣɱ
۴һӣһߣʿ糱ˮɱҶȣЩУʮˣǿߣҲܳ
ȻҪǾͱңɷ
ҶͻȻɷھʱӺɷ֮бһֲգΪֲ籩һʱ䣬˲һͨͨ޷ıɷ

ղŻԴʿʱһȺɥ֮ȮںɷǰмȫɷС
ʮˡˡǧˡ
䣬ٸʿǧʿͳͳʧҶͷŸǿ÷籩չ
ʱ䣬˻ʿͳͳıУûܷɷ
⡭
ܽʵû뵽ҶôǿӵȷǿߣȻˡ
ɶ񰡡
˷棬ûȻֻаһ˻ڷ籩֮мţƺһܿסɷ
Ŷۣ⼸£ȻͻƵأô£
ҶȺܺ棬Ҳܾȣɷǿֻеɰǿߣпߣ۲ŵأȻҲܼôʱ䡣
ңҶ֪ɽÿ磬ɾǧٱǵԺÿ綼ͻƣۣȻ²ͻ󾳽磬ʵҶЩ֣Īۣ챦
ҶҶȡ㡢㲻ɱң
ʮڼֲסڷ籩ɷ־岻ѣʱ˿̣ܵ޴Ӱ죬оҶǰһֻϣڣֻġ
ۣΪҲɱ㣡
ҶȷһԵЦĪүݣ㣬ʲôү׼һʵۣǰҲһҪɱɱ˭ң
ɱңڵģСӣ㻹֪Ұ׼ҵǿɣʵ㣬ҿɲϣҰ׼ϣǿǸ߸ϵɣҪǸɱңϣֻ·һ
ʱ򣬰۱ɭɭģ˲ǸղǸһүƺһˡ
СȣйɹϢܷŹ
ͻȻԺɱ֮
壬ҲϢԣã벻ã汻׼ҳ϶ϣǾ鷳ˣ
嶣֮Ҷٴעһɷ֮öȻ羨ϺѰС
籩ͬͬɷ
ڵλɣصùģɷҶһͻȻ룬Ƭ棬йڲ
䣡
һӰڰգλߣòһΪȴǵء
ˣֶΣν˴ˣɽתˮתȨϷû·ߵģΣ˵
ܣҵˣΪƾŵΪһսΪһ챦
ҶȹǣмߣעԷһһأǰҲʲôһսɣ
ǰãҶȲһб˾ԭԭͬǵأλߣʵ۷壬Խء
Ѱ·ݹˣͻȻһһǿ˲סҶȣ٣ͰҶȸ֮Уֶξˡ
ȻֶΣ
Ҷ˫üסͻȻƾʧţһɾ춯صҲռϮ籩һ㣬ơ
޷ƣ
һɲǣһѪ˸ʥĳǹǿֲӭȥ


93 챦

˲飬ǹ˲䣬γɻУȻըΧʮɿռΪ֮һƺҲҪ羵顣
أطԪشڿռ֮УɾʿԿƿռеĴԪأߣĹȻܲռ䣬ɼһжôӴ
ͣ
Ѫڤ֮ǹƿճХƳգ𵴣ջһǹ̳춯أѪ䡣
գѪ꣬ЩѪŷ϶ΪһҪѪڤ֮ǹѪڤ֮ǹͻȻʥǹ⣬һн顣
ҶջѪڤ֮ǹͷ­֮ץУʬȻأǿû˿ƣһɢȥΪС
ءΪίʵǿ󣬸ұȰأѪڤ֮ǹǰʹʮؾͷҲҪͷ
һץͷ­Ϊ촷ۣʳɷĩʬ壬棬ҶתСݣָһѣҶ羪贩Сݣǣ֣ܽطƻʡ
ôˣ
춼֮أǿߣ׷׸ܵղǷ춯һսЩʿ׷׷ɳ֮ȥ
찡Ҫˣ
ܣ֪ķĴʿΧųΪһĿɿڴΪƽء

УɲǵĻƻա
ȶû˰ɣ￴
ҶʩչĸܽٷɲǣܽƺûӸղǷлָһ·ѯҶΡ
û£ǰɽ
ӰֺԽһɽ壬ʱɽ·Ѿиڷ˵
ȶ
ҶԶҶվڵ棬գҶʱҶԶʱİܽ˲䣬ҶԶƲסֹסĲš

ܽӰշҶԶͬʱչ鱧һʱҶҵˣһĻ
𣬻ԣûбڵǰȻ
Сȣǰˣ
Ҷ˻رܣ£Ҷһ࣬ǲ鿴Ҷûˣ֮ʵ
ϣҪչؼգҸ˵һ
ҶһѣҶȲںɷİۣʿһҶ˲ɽһضѨ֮С
Ŷ߰˰ˣɷٵùʣʣЩ˻ƴѣߣɣ
ɷͬʱӴɲһһ鿴ɷ
ʶռ䣬ζһɽζںڰգڿУƯŲٷǱɷնʿ޷Ҳʮ෨̫סɷգ˻Ϊҽ
ʣʮϳˣǵͽʥСʲûбɷɣЩнƣ󷨣ȫΪУֻʣɷˡ

Ҷգ۳һգͻȻڶԿɷ𣬲Ѿν
ɷܣ½С½Ϊλб᰷ڵĺɷ𣿡
Уźɷ𣬿־ޱȣҷŷԺɷʮ˽⣬ͷһɲɷ𿹺⣬ɷȻһʱͻƲ
ǿ󣬶ҹĺܣۣȻ򵥣֮ǰֱˡĪ⼸£Ҳ
ŴӰɢҶɻ󣬶йɸоηŹۣǻ
ҶͷſֲʳȻõȻ¸ǿĺɷ𣬰Ѱ۰ΧУȷա
ɶСӣû뵽ϷݺһȻأһС۸ɶ񰡣Сӣĳ˰ۣǰòϷȡɹᣬѾˣܷŹϷϷ򽫻ĺ˶õı㣬Σ
֪ƺģǹסͬʱ֣Ҷ˵
Ҳ˭ǰɾǿߣڣΪҪҵ˵ȥҶƯգƺռ䣬Ϊһ壬ռס
Ϸܵ㣡ʵܲסɷ𣬵ͷ󣬿Ͱ͵ģ˹Ҷҡβ
ҶҲȥңܸȤ˵򵥵㣬ǶǹȤһãҶȾͻֶһرֶΣһץɷ˲١
ۻһɲ٣ĿڣڳһƣϷɣݣǰһ䣬ҺüʱĳԪ񣬴ƿռ䷨򣬽½
Ԫ᣿ǰΪҲɰϣҶһ֪ʵ
Сӣȴ۹⣬ңҲǸ֮ˣ棬ҵԵģ֪ǧͼ˵꣬˷ŷһޣҶȡ
ǧͼ㲻ǿЦɣǧͼ˭˲ֻֻ֪֮Уôڣ
ҶȱȻƽȴһӿȣΪɿеĴǧͼҲ֪ʥżж
ɵ磬˭Ҳ֪ԶŵڣһֱУйڴǧͼĴ˵
δ֮ʱһƬ磬һλ֪ˣֳһͼֿ˻ǳѻΪһռ䣬ȫ¼ͼ֮ϣλ˲֪٣Ŵǧͼ
ţͼ֮У¼ռ䣬ȫһ꣬λˣÿռλڵһһѱλ֮Уɱ¾ӡħͼ֮С
˵˭õǧͼ˭ɴλ棬˭ܳΪͼˣԦб˻Ҫֲֲľ޶ħĲƱ
Թû֤ǧͼĴڣײλ棬ûŴǧͼǷĴڡ
ǧͼֻΪһ񻰴˵ܼ¼ڹż֮Уκ˼¼񣬴ǧͼҲֻǴ˵ѡ
ԣᵽǧͼҶҲ޷Ѫȣ˵Ĵڣɷ´½
˵ĻȫţδҲɲš
Ҷд뷨
ǧͼǿĴڣʮǰλڵĿռ䣬һλ籩Ǵη籩˺üλ棬λ滹Ҫ߼ڷ籩Уһжˣ籩֮УȻд˴Ӹ߼ռһɼ⣬֮У˴ǧͼеһͼ飬ŴӸ߼籩Уˣǿˣÿ˶Իһλ棬һΪͼͼ飬Ⱥս˵֪ǣûκ˵õǧͼͼ飡
渵˿ǳսλǿ߿ɼ֮ĴѰͼ飬ϧһ񣬶ڼǰһλ棬ɽʧܣȻڷɳǧͼͼ飬ɾͷᣬиǿǿߣǧͼͼƺʶȻѡΪ壬ҾȻΪǧһӵͼˣ֮ԸղܶԸɷ𣬾ͼ
ǧͼͼ飿
ʱҶȵ˵ĻǰȺɴսǶҲΪ񻰴˵û뵽ġ
ϣֻһܼԦǧͼͼ飬һںϣҾܳΪ֮󣬵ڶλԦͼˣʱҿȥκεȼλ棬һûǸʵϣҺϣֻܵõͼͼأɱңͼͻߣʱûܵõҲԦͼ飬˶Ԧ
ƺҶȶ˼ɿӣּıһһʩչΪӲ˵Ҷȡ


94 ȡͼ
ǧͼصɽ磬Ҳõߣܵõǧ紫Уõ޺ôЩ̫ңԶֻܼԦͼͼ飬Ϸƻ꣬˭㡭⣬ϷΪǰ֮һδָһжϣɱϷͼͼؽߣ㣬ʲôҲò磬Ƚң취Լңǿ֮ʱһͬǧͼ
޵գźɷΧɣһֱҶһһÿһ񡢶
һ룡
ʱֻ̣д񻰴˵еҶҲĶˣ˭¶ҪĶеͶ֡
ʱҪ롣
СӣҲ֪жѣ˳ɣħǧٱдǧͼôλ򣬳Сһ㴫еҲ޳ɣǧѷĻᣬϷ򶼵꣬Ҳںôʱ䣬΢Ϸ׷ǳǳɣΪˣһжԵȴɣҲ÷ҳȥϷߣҺǧͼ
ƺЩȲʮƽЩ죬쳣ȻɷΧ֮Уȴ͸һޱǿϢŷֻӰ֮С
Ҿʱ㣬һұҪԼǧͼͼ飡ãҶж·˶Է
ã˵һۣ͸һҲû£ϷɲСˣ
էȻҶȴʣɫת䣬㵵ĴЦȻһǿ֮зɳһĹžģ͸ŵϢӣԵ磬ɷڲζ

Ҷƹž¶̰ĿתŹžԼ֣ƺֻйž
ʱҶȶԴǧͼŲɡ
죡
ڲоͼҪҶʱǹžͼ飬ͻȻʲôӦͶֽţӡǿԹžΪģͻȻ˲˼ҶϢ
ᣡ
ǿһ̣ҲȸղˣΪһɺ̣˲䳯Ҷϯ
Ȼ޷ƣΨң
Ҷ׼õѪڤ֮ǹͻȻģʯ׹䣬ɻɵĿ̷ֲ籩һǹ̳
СӣȻûƭ㣬ѾˣɣҲ޷ڶͼɣɱϷҲһ޷ı䣡
ѹѹط籩УسòצڿҶȽһɾʱѪڤ֮ǹһ´̳ѷ籩̴ǲһ籩ѣǱش׹䣬⡣
ɶ˹칥ϹȻõɶ񰡣ҪɱңҲףͼͼ飬ֻһ
ǱɣסȫѪήҲˣģʱпܵ¡
ȻӸտʼ֪ɲ⣬û뵽滳дǧͼͼ飬һ˵ãҪΪҽɷ𣡡
ͷţɷȡʱ䣬糱ˮĺɷȥ˴ɫˣȾܡ
ɶǿɶ񣬵꣬Ϸ򻹼᰷ڵҲʶɷĿ£ǰϷһھˣɰ⸱ʵ̫õСǲ꣬Ϸصã
һߣһں޲ѣԭӸտʼǲɱҶȣǹ̬Ҷȷ·ȻͼͼҶȣԼԶҶٴޡ
ǣ˭ҶѪڤ֮ǹ׼ҶΪ̫ͣȻղһǹͿǹɱɡ
뻢ıƤҶһðգôǧͼͼ飬˵ܵõĴǧͼ

֮УʹİС
Ȼð磬ҾͲţ޷㣬Ѫ¯ȼհɣ
ǻҰɫĹžͼ飬޲͸ǿӣַǴ
Ѫ壬ռ
һ̣Ҷֻ֪ȫһ㲻ȡоͼ飬ҲҪȡӺɷȥһȥ˵úɷͼ顣
ҶȳѪˣѪȼ۷壬뾫Ѫ޻ȼգžͼ࿹⡣
ˡ
ͼͼ𶯣һɺȻˮҶϯˮҪҶȡ
ɶ񣬲ȱȫͼͼǿͼ飬
գ۹ҶȸоƣߣѪռҶȸоԼڲϼ٣
Ѫ壬ʩչʱԽ˷ԽϹΪۣȼյȡԽص
С޵ĵʲô˵ãϷȥ˲λ棬ҲδʮֹԿһɡţţԵһأӵδаܶԵĳɾͣϷģ
Ǳĳɷüëûˣͼͼ鿹Ҷȣо̰Ŀ⡣
ȥ֡
ԴԴϵĹӲоͼͷţҶ޷ƥеĺȻҶȾҪԲסţֻҶʧܡ
ڿҪɹˣСӣȥɣɵ󣬼ҶϢڲϼȸԾ˷ܣƺҶȾһʳ
ݡ
Ҷʶȼھͷʱ˯ȥһ˲䣬űһȣҶ˲ʹѣţһԴԹеʥţΪһɫʥǴǧͼͼһҧȥ
ʲôȻȴǧͼͼҪ߼
䣬Żƽľҡͷܣڵͽλ棬ôֱȴǧͼҪѵСӣĪתңǻƽôڷǿǸ߰壬ʥеޣ
໣
ƽϹޣȻֱͼͼǿͼͼڻƽǰС磬ƽһ룬ΪӰȻҶ壬ͼʥͨͨʧ
ҵͼͼ顭ô֮ܰ£˶޷ȻһСӸѵڣбȴǧͼ߼ڣ
ҲİҿǴǧͼ޽еĴߣܣǧͼҵģɵģ
ؿŴǧͼͼΪѪЩʱ䣬ѪȻͳͳ˹ʵֻΪ˼£ͷʲôҲûõ
ǧͼͼ飬Ȼ붴ǳ϶Ϊһ
ʥ£Ҷȸ޷Ӧ޷Ȼ֪ڴֻʥ
ֱӰѴǧͼϽƿѪ¯붴γںϣǧͼͼԶŵˣҲɣҲֻǵõǧͼͼϿɶѣҲδ
ɵɹ˴ǧͼͼ飬Ҳôɢ³
ҶȱСǧ򱶣һһأһϣ˵Ҷȸ޷ͼǵõͼϿҲܡ
£һбÿܡ
ǧͼͼƺعĸ壬ȸԾڶ컶ɢȥʧ֪ȥҶĸ֣֮ˡ
ǧͼͼ飬Ҷһ֣ڶ֮УϵնѪ¯Լ
һͼǧͼͼģաϪˮţ串ϢͣЪ


95 ǰ
ҵͼ
췢˻ߵŭХ緢ҰţҶȱųԽءصҶѹȥ
֮Ҳոи˽ᣬѪڤ֮ǹ
ɰҶ˵Ѿڻ£û˿вֻֿƣǼѪڤ֮ǹ
ͣ
Ѫڤ֮ǹƳգγһ޴Ӱֱӳɢǿǹ⣬ֱӴͷ­֮ϣȭͷǰѪüġ
Ϸ塭ɡ
ǰһ£ɾͳһʬҶȵָһӣһɺɷ˲ʱ÷ɻǰۣһ䣬Ϊ˻ҽ
ǰһܣȥλǿߣôҶϣУһָͿķˡ
һүŵĹϣλߣҲһʬ壬Ҷǹ꣬ԶҲ޷ֻء

һĨҽҶ˿һץõķ봢䣬Ҷ֮Ҳʧ֮С
Ҫ֧ŲסˣʩչѪ壬ľͨңҲʣ¼ʮ꣡
ڶѨ֮УҶȲ͵ص£Һõд֧ţҶ룺ﻹһɲɲĿǰʵӦÿղ
óȭͷСҶȶʱʼɵĴ
տʼһƳ̱Ҷ룬ٶɽţһҲҶȾ
ˡ
ͻȻһ־ӿҶ̰ա
ҵʣ޷ˣΥط򣬲˲Ѫ壬һرղղţ֮Уͼͼ龹ȻһֱӰ롭
ҶȾ̾Ｘû뵽ͼͼ龹ȻͼͼҶһҲ档
ǧͼʲôԸ߼ɽԽȡκɣɣɶ㣬ڴǧͼ˵Сĺܡ
һµĵ˵ȴǿ޵Уط򣬵޷ɵģΥط򣬲Ȼб塢ħȵΣա
ڴǧͼֱ΢һ̲ϪˮǧͼɳĮ߷âκˮԴҪɡ
Ҷ˵£ӴԺҶȿԶȡֱڵɾ磬ͳɾɷ򣬻Ϊǧͼ߼λ棬ѹκε͵λ
ɾͷҲֻҪǿ󾳽磬ҶͻɣɾҲ򵥵úܡ
Ѫ¯ȼհɣɵȫӴӸ߼
ڴǧͼͼ£ҶԽԽ죬գκҪ
֮Դޱȣ̣úܡ

ĸȵӦúܿͻأ뵣ģȵΪĪ⣬ʲôΣգ
ɽ֮У
¥УҶԶܽһ𣬴ɲϻڰολ
ҶȱչѾ쳬£ȱչأɲģɱչأ£ꡢʮ꣬ҶԶŲʮأȻײЩ
ҶԶ΢΢ףɫȻ٣ܽһۣ̿ʵСʱǼ鷳ˣ
ҺҶ䲻ֵܣʤֵܣһˣü⣬ȵڸҺܶ࣬һֱֻ鷳ʱ򣡡
λǰЩ˼ܾ
⻰Ͳˣֵܣ鷳
ܽü鿴ĸһ˵
š
ֵѽҪЩвһ£ǰӡеܵģΪҶȣǵĴʱ䣬ǾҪٵһꡣ
ǳգǹٲصǳƮһˮӨĻǼꡣ
ƺ˺ȥ˺ܶҪ֣ʣֻŻһ֡
Ǵǧͼͼ飬ͼ顣
Ȼޱȣ꣬ȫͼڱĪҪռͼͼ飬һ𣬲ܵõĴǧͼ
ҶƯڵﶴǳ֮УǰǺǺ֮Уǧͼͼɫ΢΢˸
ͼǲģֻеõõȫͼ飬ҵĴǧͼͼԴ˵еĸ߽磡
ŴǧͼͼǿأҶȷŷǼ֮УǺӵ
ҶȻ̾Щģҵ޷ͼָȫҪʩչͼҪͻ
СȣԵ㾹Ȼõ˴ǧͼͼ飬û뵽ĳɾͲпܳΪߵĴڣ
֪ʲôطʱ˺
壬ϧ޷ͼͼ飬Ҳģֻҵͼ飬ܵõǧͼ
Ҷȼ뺮ԻȻǸܲ徿ںη
ǸܵĴڣҶȻٶһְοһ̤ʵС
ȻǧͼҲȫǷڣһжʵڵģԵ
շǧͼͼ飬Ƕڵ壬ǹоʯ֮С
ӦǰɡСȣ಻Զˣڵ㣬Ѿɳ˶ãһģ
塭
֪ΪΣҶȸܵǰָоҲñеޱߵɳĮڲãиƼʱʱޡ
Ҷֺ˼ȴػֿʼ˯
յòˣѾһ۷壬йͻϢͻƲɣڶʱͻƣ
һ˿У뵤֮УѪ¯գ¯ͭ¯ԽʵǴǧͼͼ붴֮ƺѪ¯ҲܵͼͼӰ죬һصת䡣
ת䣬ʵı仯
ֹ죬Ҷȸоʵߵһ۷ʱ򣬱ֹͣȻﵽδе۷壬ȴҶʮ޷ͻƵɶأôҶֻ⼸ʮɻ
뿪ѨҶȻΪɽҶԶָܽһ㣬ֻм죬ŷȥ
һ֮ɲ塣
磬ʱȥ̨ع飬ʱΪ򵥣ҵҡҵˣ׷Źң
УҶ̸ҶĵҵĵԽԽ࣬и࣬ұҪǿ󣡡
ҾͲȥˣɹٳȥҲ٣ֵܣȥСЩ粻ڣСģ
쳣ᣬ֪Ҷȵж٣Ҳ֪޵ʲôطҶȻ᲻ãǷˡ
һṦһɽ尵
ҶʯϣȻʱһӰԶɭ֮УСҶڵĴ֣͸⣬ģҶȵŹĵˣԪ
ԪҶȷ׼ҵһӣжǿ󣬱ҡƼҸʤһΪиʥԺӣпҪͻصǿߣ޲
ҶڻСһأҲ޲ߡ
ˣȥ޵ҪСģǿߣǽܳӣΪľǶԸˣ»˵ƼҲҪ˲
ԪҶߣǹʺȻܿСҼƻһֲ¶ȫҶȡ
Ƕ񣬽ܳӡ˷޵Ҫ־裬һϵģ
Ҷһ仰ˡ
һˡĴ£ԪӰԽģ˫˫֮ͫУ˸ž⡣


96 
ţ壬
˶Ĺ㳡˼ϡ٣żشҲΪԵʣʮְ

һȦγ˷ߣҶ룬ɫ죬һȥ
Ŷ
ʮȻ𲽷Ǻ뿴˹ȥ
񣬰ƹ֪ô㹦͵ģҶȺò£̨ǰֱ˵⡣

һλ߽ӹƣʱԺִϢüͷһҶȣҲ׷׿ҶȣĿ졣
㣬һƽҶȣöһ͵㣬ϽöһöԼ񱨳꣬жö
μӺ޵ҪʮͣǾʮööҶָһ㣬˴ţӴóʮöƹߡ
Ŷ
ôһ㶣Ҳԣƺû뵽ҶΪܻôƹ
ڳȻ֪񣬰ߺ٣ֻмλܳӲջ٣ԺӡԺֻвʮöҶȴһóôֶ࣬жͨ
ʮöƹԼ°ɣ͵ҲˣպðƹһץҶϢһһ档
ҶȷתĬȻ뿪
ȴ˵лҪڣҿûϵ쳣ۺ񣬿һУҲָ
ǰյϢʥԺӣþΪģͷ
Ҷȥ󣬿յĴ˸ۡ

·塣
Ǽʱˣգ
ջص޻ڱҶʶĵĺܣǴų𣬺ֵܣҶȲû
ҶҲû˵һԣصͱ֮ʱɽĵӣ׷׳·ۼ
ŽǧˣɵܳӣʲôﶼУ޻ΪӣǰźһУ͵վװ
һ֮䣬ָ
һ죬һ磬˱Ƽ·Ĺ㳡У뿴ƺڵʲô˽١
ȻʥԺ֮һľˣȷ޻ӣΪԺӵľ޻ڣͷУٵӺԹӣȻԺӣǽܳӡ
ֻ˵˼仰ʮ㣬˲ݶһᣬƾʧ޻ڿʼ¡
ߣ޻ڣʲôʸ񣬵ӣ
԰һԺӵӣҪǱ忴Цֵǣ˵ǲǣ
Ȼ㳡ȺɧٵӿʼۣੲݣվǼܳӡ
ԭ˽ܳӵ⣬רҪ޻ѿġ
Щܳӣƽո߰ϣĿˣһҾִλΪӶΪӣô࣬Ȩȡκ˱ÿ˵õĹ͵㣬ҪӹĿ
ΪӣȻ̵ٺô֪ͶӳΪΣܳû˷ݣȻװݡ
һ㣬ţʵ˵ĵλ㾣¹Ͼ޻ӣҲԳԣԶȡӡ
޻ڣһΪӶΰԾ˵ѵõĴôΪҪϴҺȣҵõô
һܳӣȻ룬ۣһΪͻɰأͶ㣬йɻƺһǰҪ顣
޻ںüۣƺ翴Էͼ٣ԸģҾ޻ܣҲ֪ΨǴӣʲôȥۡ
棿ѹңǰסһУôҾͳӣôãԶɣ涪ۣҾӶˣܳӾˣ˺ȵ
ս棡޻˿塣
ų򣬾ڣҵӣɣ㣬Ҹطȥۣޣ
ԺӣƺҲܵ˳¡
ֵ֣ԽԽãڰԭȻˣ;ߵĺܽԭǾԭ״硣
ϴΣԭҶϳ˰һֻģ֪ͨٻҪģ޲ðҶȰƤ
ǿƣҵľѪںϣõϿɣ٣бɣҲϧٻǰ
ʱǧָ޻ڴݲȣӴóһ鲻ƣһ٣˶
ƣüĥĥƳ˼۾޻ڣתȥҲ׷ɢȥ
ϲһǾԭѿģҪѣ˽غܣμܾΪ
޻Ŀһź˺̳ȥеĲѡ
ħ壬һأʥԺС⣬ħǽֹκε̤룬Ϊͨ޵Ĵ͵㡣
մ磬żеӶħۼ֮ӣʮӣ֮УֻһʸμӰʣһˣΪѴģٲֵġ
ʢ֮һÿΰǳɾŵĵطŵӳĵط
ҹ¼ҵ̣
ȺУͻȻˣͷһǽܳӣиں󺺣ǵأܽܳӶ¡
¿յ
¿յ¼ҵţԵնɱɰءţίʵ°
Ⱥ̾Զÿһ׳¿յ߸ϣûЩ˷УԵѡ
¿յôļӣղƢԼ
ͻȻһһˣһҲǽܳӣԺӶ٣дͷߣǵʮЩʮǿߣһֱû˵֮ԲμӰΪ˶ϾǰѾμӹÿǶһðͷĻᡣ
˵ߣһȥ߸߶ʮͷݵ꣬һۣǵأԺӣȴҴԺ¿յ˵ƺһҲ¿յ
󣬾Ȼǻ棬ǰ壬ҶȵڴܵĻ棬ʵʵǿƨ档
ڤ
¿յȻûиղôţԵȻǰȴеǿߣǿѹȥ
ûǻڤƼһţ
Եؾ磬նɱ˵ߣ˵ɰǿߣκβ
ȺȸղŻҪƺƴľ̾
¿յһţƢû뵽סСӵѲҲûսʤҲκβңͻƵأǾڣ
ڤɭɭƳ¿յһ¡
Ǽλš
ţƺ˵ŶƼһãŶҪࡣ
ǸǾûŵһأɾܴܻǰòŴܵ
ʱ򣬾ڽ޻£˺ʱһƬκŶҪ
â̫ʢ
˺УʿŶҶȣһĥԤԣƺҪҶһ£ʶ֮
棬ǸɣİɣұҪնɱԽأңȴܴһȺɰǿߣ
ƼⷽӪָžԻڤ˵ʲôڤ󣬲мһЦ߼䡣


97 ޵
ƼðʮעҪնɱߣͳͳҪո
˫ĿУҶȰֵܵ⣬ͬʱڸУͬʱҲ˲Ϥף棬ҵˣҵĶ顣
˵Σ岻μӰ
ڳɵչͨרΪڱеĽ׼
ȺУ˿ʼ壬֣ǱһᣬЦּü֮䡣
Ϊ塭ҶȺʧΪμӰȷûиܵϤϢ
ˡ
һ֮ձ֮һ𣬷׷װתϯ̨
ǰǰ׸ϯ̨ϣִָָǰ׷ĺߣֵ׶ʢ꣬ΨһͬǣЩ˶һۣΪϣǰݣţϡ
ϴԼжʮˣһϳ֣һڻٵħ壬ɣŵÿһλմȨǿߣ羣£ЩϣҲֻ΢΢ʩ֮䣬Ƕʮġ
ÿһ϶߸ϣÿʥԺһĿꡣ
ЩУǵصĳϣмǴϡ
ԳţҶһ֮УԷ˳㴵ɱһƬɣǰҶ·һ
ɱȵǧ򱶣һٸɣԳɾһλɣν˳ɣһУŻһɡ
һͻƵɶأһҪʮ꣬ͻأҪ꣬ʮأǧ꣬ǧͻɣȻͻأһͻƶأҪꡢꡣ
ߣӵͻɣ꣬羣£ڶ̶̼޵һأҪͻɶأǾҪ꣬޵ʮأǼǧƾ¡
ɣʵϵ𺳣ѹȣģ꣬ɣʵǳԽ˵ˡšȵȣɾ֮Ǳ׷ա
Ϸγŷˣ󣡡
ʱһλһ׳׺ߣǰɣʯٲɶǿ
󡭡հףĪǰ׼λŵĳϡأϣ
һ̣Ҷޱȣû뵽ŷˣȻǰ׼ҵ棬а׼ҵĶ
׼ܽţ׼ʿǧǰҶһǴ½ʱ׼ѾǿʢһʱƷҶңǧ׼ҾȻһλأ
ʲôųţȼأϣأϣأϣһλϣѾȨţһλϣƹܳϣŵλ߲ɼ
Уֻʢ»д·Żһʱ򣬶ǳϹճ
Ȩҳ֮ϵĴϣһţŶҪҪɱ˭˾ӵĺǣҲҪɱ
ţκ˲÷־˭ҷϾɱȨһ壬һλϣţνˮ
ǰʢᣬϷǰףڵӿں޵ɫߣȨμӲھеѡδʤߣʸȥ
纣಻䣬ƺգħռ䶼븹һ㡣
һ֮󣬰֣ǰǿʼμӣۼڹ㳡ģˣ˺󣡡
ʱӷ㳡룬ÿһŶеóţ۽ܳӣԺԺӣԺ֮Уһ֮أνţԾۣԽԿǿΪ
Ƭ̺󣬽ʮ˰ѹ㳡ΧסģӣǰأĿԴ
ʱ꣬ϣǺúŬ
һץһɹɰӳӿЩԻأԴݻš
޵ǵһռ䣬ƿռ֮Ȼ˲ãת˷򣬾ۼô೤ϣȫ򿪷ӡҪڹϣҪ½

㳡֮ϣһ޴ĺɫѷ죬ĿռӣһʱӰΧһѷ룬գۼ䣬ӾͲټʮλϣںɫѷܣÿ˫֣գ󷨡

仯ΪڵգǰŤȥʱգǲƣдֲֿŵòʧɥ
һĨâͻȻ˺ڰŤʱգ㼯һа磬˷ûκϵ٣Ϲŵս棬ι״ռ䣬γһаûĺڰ硣
Ǻ޵򡭡ȻһʱգԪ΢ءȫħа
˿ʼɢнӣƤͼյͼǰУ߸ǿܣÿһ쳣
ߣ̫࣬öԾ֣
˺УƼҼһֻжžңڻڤ£뿪Ҳ϶뿪ˡ
˭޻һ·ߣٴžԭһӣȻ˾Ҷ顣
ţмλܳӣһһ뿪޻ԣֻʮˣҴ඼ԺӣһܳӶûУں޵ν粽Уħֻȫû
˺޵򣬾ٵȽܳٲø޻ӣǶԼȥѰ
磬Ҳȥðգҵĵ˷ǳ࣬һ𲻷㣬ֻңΣգʱϵңֻҪܳض
ҶɫѼоӦܣֲڰжҶ˼ǰ󣬾뿪
Լౣأ
޻֪ʵѾסҶȣ˵ĺܶԣǷɹҶȸ
ˢˢ
Ҷȸոշɽ֮УӰмӰɳٶ֮죬͸ǿϢ
޻ڼˣֻһ
һƬ͸Ԫٵÿ޵ȫаϢһ룬ͻ߻ħΪħˡ
ɽǺɫģսۼԼֹżаսһһɫĴأһȥŷħء
ǺħʯƷҪ׷ʯ
һƬƽԭУҶ֮󣬷ֽʯͷѰһǹżмصĵͼħʯ½ֻк޵ϹսаħԨС
Щͼħʯһʿ˵ôɡɾǿ˵ȴƷرϣЩħʯڶ顢ǶħмĸʴԣƷɱĶħ
޵ֻϹս֮γɵаռ䣬аħ硣
ܸоһɺȻγһǿķӡǿӡǿ߲ϼǿɵģ
ͷҶȸо޵ǳһɰԲξ޴ӡڱǿаӡ֮С
Ӧ޵ϢҶȿʼռħʯдʬħʯ޵λһ֣ϹŴս׹ʱնѡ
Ѿټȥ֪ͨ
Զϵĳǽ£żӰ
ԵȣˣϾ͸ϵ
Ⱥ˽ֹţСģԶһҶȳһᣬȻԼȻȥ
ԶҶȣֻҶ̬̫Զһ˷ֱ治
ԭˣã޵ңץס졢һʱҲΪҪ˳׷飬ǰ޵ʱ취ôĨɱټ
Ҷȵûзϸɼħʯӿٶȣ޵ȥ


98 аͿ
úܺãپ޵֮ٶ֡
Ҷȸոڵķ湵УһȵŮȻأλҵӣԺӡܳӣмλܳӣǿŵţĸֱַ̬
˴ĹģΪһΪֻеһصԺӣ
ǰȷʵһֻϣڵľԾţΪɲУ챳ǿޱȵ޲֧֣ɽڣܳǰҲҪϹϾ
ЩܳӣҲţţ϶ҪвЩǿߵλ磬Щвɱʡʡ
ֻɱһˣɲ뱻˷֣ΪУߣȻҶһҪ㣡
мƻһֲˣò̽Ӽ٣һУһţǣűڰʳ
ʱһ档
ڤŻ棬ʮȫЩУ˿ĸ֣ܳӣΪڤݻġ
Ƕһ˳߶ҵˣҲһҪǰǰҵǰ棬Ҳɵ֮УֻΪ͡
˸ҵǻƼңɣ
ڤУȻ滹ҪɱⲻǳޣǼʣþ
ͬΪţĿעڤҲһоΣյĺܣܼɵţ֮ǰɱ֮һɳǻȫΪ˹ע㣬Ҫɱϼѡ
ֹڤô룬ʵβμţôƻģļţɱһһôţڲ֮еڱûǿУȻεͷ⡣
ÿһʵ޵֮У໥ɱ֮£һֱδϣԽԽңܶˣܵǿ߼ӳ֣ɱ˶
ӿٶȡ

嫼ͷķԭҰҶ˴ҹڿҪ޵Ϊ˲ҵ˸Ҷȹ;ϢΪľյ롣
аϢŨңΪӪҶͷܲκѪΧûκϢûһƬ
˴ĵ򣬾Ȼûлֻ˵һǺڰ硣

ȻҶٴνһξ룬ͻȻӵص״һͳŵ洫һžӵ·ɳһӰ֮࣬ȳ죬춼ǣ顣
ǡаͿܣ
һֵĺӰдС޴ɽһСֻаƴлκӰ
ôӵɳаҶȵһĿڴ
ЩаȫҺڣڡѪڣһ˿еֻмζֶ󲿷Զžޣ࣬С͹ЩǹżпԿǿޡ
ǣаͿܡ
޵λһ֣ǰħϣ׹Ƭʱգ½֮би࣬аʱ֮󣬱ǿħԣɥʧʶΪжƵĿܡ
ȻЩаͿ֮УҲд󲿷֮ħԼħȻʴ˻ǾޣֻʣһƤңΪƵаͿܡ
аͿҲǿĴڣڵʱԽԽɵԽ࣬ħԸǿ
Źż֮Уں޵ܵúаѼÿһаͿܣһһأаͿܣаܡǧܡܣܴ඼ŵӣÿɱĵǧǿޱȣνǹ룬ħǿᣬǵʮأҪɱǧܣҲס
ܣǾɶֵĴڣÿһ𣬶ժµħ
ں޵֮УаͿȻ£аͿܸӿµҲУǾǶ飬޵룬ãħаͿܣɱ޵ðյࡣ
޵򱾲ŵнȨǿɣҲں޵޵ᱦ
ǿߣΪ
ţ޵ոһλתΪħú޵޵һƺú޵λһСȻֱħλ棬˵еĵ
ĺڰ磬ÿаħĺڰ磬ϧ֮ͶˣǿޱȣС޷ġ
еȻá
λ滹ǵһ޴λ棬ϹŴָλ棬аħĵλ²㣬λв㣬ãλۣ֮磬أ߸ϡ
飬Ŀ̲λλ磬Ȼ飬޻ɣһɣͶǰ޵ħ
鱾ϹĶħħûʬ֮壬ųɾʵĶ飬ǽף޵һħռ䡣
ǧܴ⣬ЩаͿܣץˣͻᱻħ壬ħаһӣ
ǧƵаʹҶ׼նɱ
ÿΰɼǰնɱаֵģɱԽаͣɼԽߣɱǧܣǻܵ͡

аͳҶʬ·Ưƹȣһ˷ëħ֮ͫУǿħ־֧Ųס־Ƭ̱ħžħ塣
аͣǿҾͿǵжѶԸ
ҶһӣһĨѪ˸ǹ⣬ڿ쳣ۣһ𣬽а͡
һ֮һʵһҶ˺ɣȻնаϡ
͡һ£аƤ鲼һ飬÷˷а°˺ۣаͣȻأܲҶһǣǾȻ£Ѫħûиղôǿʢ
ȻǿһأҲý£ҶƬ̾˵ףаҶǰһпɱ
аȻҶǰСĺܣͨӣУ֮УǧУҲҶǿڣԺӣҪɱаҲףǽܳӣܳǧаͣǺ
ħǣ
аҡҶȣһץָһ֮а;ͻΪ飬Դ֮УɳСĺɫӣҶģʱһ˺ëֱħɢ
ɫӣΪħǣаͿ֧аͿ̺ħǶһħǣڶʮҪ
ħҲɼħԽ࣬ɼԽãŵõħǺ󣬰ħӡ޵ãħħĸ
˵޵һλᣬҲÿӳɳͻƵľѻᣬвٵڴ䡣
ħǣо޵ģ࣬ħħǣ󶼻Ϊ𵤣ͬ޽𵤣ôˡħȻʼзʽͬף;һģ
һ̣Ҷƺץסʲôڤڤ֮еõ
ɱ
ͻȻаʹ룬һʮɸߵĺɫޣȫɫѪҺͷ󣬶ħ죬ȻͬаͿܣһ
ǧа͡ȻˣҵȵĲ㣬Ȼû֣Ҿɱаͣõħ˵
ҶȸӦȻûҵ˸ʱ䣬ҶնɱаͿܡ

ֲҶ֮Уɢγһɾ룬аǱһ֮⣬޷ҶǿʱҶȻһץһɹɽȻ˷
ž͡žͣ
һаϣǾаͣаͣͳͳķѣаֻҪմҶȵȻ
Ҷ֮б̺Ԫǿ촿ʥħйѹȸУĥԣаһմͻܵʥʴ


99 аħ
ž͡
޵޾֮ϣһаͿܱһ߲ӴתɱմаͿܣͳͳԭزոħѪǹŷħͷǡ
򷨣޷ƣ
ħǴаʬ֮вϷɳҶȴһץţԴԴаʹҶգ˿壬ɢǿϢŷ£ħ֣һץһ
ʱ֮䣬һɹɺĽ໥תᣬ֮УҫⱬڽܣԶžаʹȻɨ
žžž
һаڽ£һѣضǣ˴أĿȥγһƬʬ
ʬ֮УвٵĹצͷ­䶯ƺҪʬܸħ󣬷ŷȡʬħ
籩ɢϰаͻΪĩǹһſħǸգҶȴһץ羨Ϻħ봢䣬ʱоҪħŵը֮ħǣʵھˣ¾ǽܳӣҲôʱɱ԰ټƵİа͡
֪ΪΣǧͼͼ鱻ôȡڵ֮УͷѪ¯ԴԴϣǧͼͼȻأͼǴǧͼҪأ
оͼͼڵ뵤ںϣṩӴϵҶȴδоԴԴϡ
Ǹ࡭֮УȻ̺Ԫǿʥ֮һħǣڣйħ̫޷ʹãҲţȻС͸̤޵ţҪΪҵ壬һɱƷӡݣ
аͿܴ룬ǧаͣ˫棬̰ضҶȣǶճѪҺͷʱ߸߷𣬳Ҷɱȥ
ţ
оռħ仯Ҷתһɽ޴ǧаͣüһû뵽ôǧаͣȻˣҾҪǧа͵
Сӣɱаɣ
аͣڿȫչ壬һֻȫֻѪƤңù֧ġ
ħɳ
Х˫ˣȻ䣬ðƲĺɫħ粨ӿȡ
ǿħΪǿ
Ҷɫһ䣬̾ǧа͹ȻǿᣬǰаȻÿռħʵ˾̾
ҶȷɫգƹƺڰҶ˾ǣ޾ɫǺӣ貹â
ţ
ʮɾǰһ̣ҶȾȻ޷ǰһŷ屻ռסҶȴ̾Ȼ򣬱Ҫǿٱ򣡡
Сӣ㻹еʶΪ߽ɲǶҲӵħ㿴ܣѾ뱾а򣬾ɣҲ޷ߣɾпܣ
Ȼǿ󣬱ɶػҪǿ󡭡
ҶȻܣռȫΪɫħΪԵȻһħƣЩħħɣħޱߣħɼޱȣҪʮ
ΪγĿռ䣬˵ֻһѡ
ʶʵռ䣬򲻹ҪҪǿԴᣬԽ࣬Խǿ󣬿ԷǷǿ
һ򣬶ǳСֻǵʶϣ޵ħȻ߼Щұħ磬
߼򣬱ɾ򣬿Ȼа˸ַ򹥻һ룬԰ѡ
ħ򣬾ȻʩչҪǿ󼸷֣֮УѾ޵ò΢򡭡Ҷħ֮У˱СޱȣŷһܰҶû
аħѾǳˣӵֻҪаһңôԶɣ
ʱҶǰ㾪ֶ̾ʵʮ㣬޾Ȼ벻սʤҶֱӹ³Ƴ
аħѣԲѣʲô£;ɣ
ҶޣȻһأƺ˿ǿǧаͿ⣬ҶѪ
ѻᣬ֪ҪòУĵףҶȴԴĦս
ȻҪǾµɣ
һŭħȻҶܣһɫãγôӶצҶǰ̵
ƣ
Ҷһָһɹ糤ӿôɱȥ
䣡
һħգͷҫ۹âÿһײһ𣬱ó׺ɢΪɫħơ
һʱ䣬ȫô飬ΪһħƣҶ˿ǣЩħƣȻˮһ໥ںϣᣬڻγɴƬħƣֻûͷֳҶѪϯ
ݣ
Ҷʯк𾪣û뵽ħ֮УɱƵԶϣΪһֹ򣬹Ȼ޷
Ʒɼգۼͺ̴ͷǧƵͷʱֻΪħơ
Щɢħƣһιϣħƣγɸ֮ͷħ֮С
΢࣬ڱа֮Уʲôͽ͵ģʵ̫ٸߵ㣬Ҳƽⷨ򣬵ǣڵ㣬̫Сڱǰһ֥飬΢
ħյޣʱЦһħ֮һƬƬħƣҲͬѰ
ΪͳԶˣȶ˽һٸÿ
Ҷִһǰ㳯ͷȥͬʱҶһ޴Ľָɫǽ
С˰磬ȷʵǸ̥ˣɱɣɳҺ޵񲻳ȥȥ֮أ
ǵɱʢ
¡
֮ϣΧһɣΪ֮һ𣬽ǽƱЩҪǽǣԵ˴ħƣЩħ֮УַÿһַĪ⣬ַ
ħַ֮Ȼشһʱ֮䣬ħǿħԵӡһһ㣬ǿޱȡ
΢࣬ɣˣԽԽʹ࣡޴ʱĶħ򣬾Ȼ־İħγɿֲħٲһħҶϿա
Ҷ·ӣħƱա
ЩΪҲֵãҪƽ˿ֲ򣬾Ҫˣ
ħҶƺģ˫У¶Ǽᶨ־
Ѫڤ֮ǹ޷ƣѹаħ
ٿ
Ҷ쳤ХȫȻҶϣ˳ʮɵѪڤ֮ǹںɫħʱ䣬Ѫڤ֮ǹͷҫѪ⣡
ʲô޼Ѫڤ֮ǹȻѪڤ֮ǹ̺˿Ѫڤ֮ǹ͸ŰԵò޶ʱſ򣬸Ķħһ׹䣬Ҷȡ
ҶȽѪڤ֮ǹֱըըžҶסѪڤ֮ǹһǹбħ
䡭
Ѫڤ֮ǹħһ̣ħâħֱӱѪڤ֮ǹһѣţѪڤ֮ǹޡ
ôܡħս񣡡
޴ʧɫһ𣬴֮мһ˫ħ֣ǵ֮ƣѪڤ֮ǹѹȥħޱ޼ʣһд£ħҪʧˣ˫ħ֮ϡ
ޣԵһһɵѪڤ֮ǹ


100 Ѫ¯

һ䣬Ϊᣬѹѹ֮ϣаǺ嫵ħ壬ڵ£ҶȿСһյҪϨ͵ƣɢ͹⣡
ħͻأֹͣͣʲôħй⻷ͳͳ֮䶳ᡣ

ȻҶȾڰеĺǣȻĿâݵ壬־Ѫڤ֮ǹأǹͻȻħԼǣɢĿ貵Ĺ⻷Դݿ֮һǹǸֲħġ
һ̻˰֮Ǹħ֣ƽ죬᲻ƣ̩ɽ
СӡȻ淴ķ򡭡
Хаͫȫ𺳣ɱ¾飡
顭ĪǣҪȫ󿹺⣿óѣ飬Ǿȫ飬֮УκʣҪΪУ飬Ի򰡣
ܵ޴ħҶͻȻʩչѪ塣
ֻ
ռ
һ䣬ȫϸͫѪҶգ۳һѪ˸ʥߵѪˡ
ôܣôͻȻʮȡյޣֱħѹ·СҶȣͻȻȫתΪһ֮Ȼȼգ
ꡭžͣ
Ҷͦգ־Ѫڤ֮ǹ֮ǰһǹתһ´˾޴ħ֣ħһ飬Χʮɴħգȫ羵Ƭһ䣬һ̣Ѫڤ֮ǹâʢǹ˲ͱš
໡˫סѪڤ֮ǹγǹʹֱУһ̣Ѫڤ֮ǹͻȻըֱӰ޽һźɫĩ
ݡ
һȭͷħǴӷĩзɳҶȴһץץģʱħɢһҪҶȡ
ǧаħǣǲˡҶסħǣΧħȫ飬ʮ֮գħ
ţаˣħǾȻʱħһʱ᲻ɢħ򣡡
ˡ
ҶԴת֮ʱħȻɢͻȻħ˲ҡţҶȵͷһһϤʥѹħǣħȻʵʵ
ԭǴǧͼͼܵħǿħͼͼԶҪĨɱħϹħжԣ
ҶȽסħǣʱħû˸ղҲͼͼǿħ
ħǡħ򡭡򣡡
һ̣ҶͻȻץסʲôһдγһֱߣĿħ򣬷ͼͼħ֮΢ħǿħҪʧҶͻȻһĿ⣺ͼͼ飬ǡħĴڣȻˣҺβֱħǣħ򣡡
ҶͻȻðһ侪Ļħ򣬾ɣҲ޷ԿɲеͨɻǷˣ޷ת޵򣬵ڣҶħħǣȡħ򣬻ˣ붼롣
УУЩʱҪƫ档
Ѫ¯ɣ
ҶҧɣöѪ¯ɳѪ¯ͻȻӵɳСֻһСǣѪ¯ǸǬ磬ӵе
Ѫ¯޳ɣħǣ
ͭɫѪ¯Ҷ˫֮䣬ŰħǴѪ¯֮У߶Ѫ¯ȼգħǣħѪ¯ںϡ
һںϣҶȾпһֳԽط
䡭
Ѫ¯֮УħʧȥͼͼƣȻľһѪ¯֮
Ѫ¯ɣϹѪǿţСĵɡħǣһһأħǸ߼а񣬱ǿޱȣɣҲѹƲˡ
οҶֵͼѪ¯ȻѹƲħǣħʧȥԼڷѪۣƺҪѪ¯ħ
ˡħҶȲѪ¯Ѫ¯ѹƲסħǣȥҶȿ϶ᱻħħ
Թ˶ħǣǣؼ
޵аͿܣǱħħγɣ֮У˭ǿһħħ
Ҷ̫ˣ߼ɣҲħǣҶȻǵɣǵһأĻҶȳҪħħѪ¯ȻҶҶħһʬ⡣
ͷѾû·ֻһͼͼ飬Ϊ֮ģ
Ȼ䣬ҶȼעǾǴǧͼͼ顣
ҶȴǸûаյˣκ£ϵûаգȻȥֻҪһϣҲðȫһ
ǧͼԸ߼ռ䣬ڸ߼еѹаħλ꣬аħѹơ
ǧͼͼѾҶǿշҶȵõͼͼ֮󣬻ûüδͼеõôڣڿͼͼΪ֮ģ޳
Ϊһݿռ֮СͿռ䣬Ѿת˷̺ҷ򣬲ſԳΪ
ҲأҪһԴȪ̫ǹģѪҺıԴصҲҪһԴһࡣ
ħǣȡħ򣡡
ǧͼͼ貹âעѪ¯֮УʱѪ¯ٴȼͼͼֱӰסħǣһʱ䣬ħڲŷͼͼħǣͬʱҲħ
ħǱħģԴĴڣԴͼͼƣħȻҲ㲻
⡢ǧͼͼ飬ﰡȻ׾پͰħǸħΨҶ𣡡
׼ħǱͼͼһ̣ħҪʧһ˲䣬ҶһǳѪ¯ͻȻħͬʱҶһһַעѪ¯֮С
ͬʱͼͼħѪ¯һͬħ򣬱ħѪ¯ǰһϹžޣѪ¯ҪȫȡħȫܣڣħԴħǰħȻ䣬һĢɫţʧѪ¯֮ڡ

ħһʧаʹԴԴɱյҶȣҶһڲѪ¯ȥ֮سħҵ򣡡
˵꣬ˢһڼ״̬£ҶԿٶȣʧںء
Ҷȥʱ֮󣬼ϸڸٶаͿܣŵüʧɥ
СӻõùôаʹСˣȱȥаͳ˯֮׷ҪǱǷ֣ǾͲˣ
֮УǱڰҼǰأаԽԽ࣬ûĹǣһȺʬˡ
ǰҲй
գ۰֮⣬ҶһǰΧûл֮˹
ҵĴҶ̼Ѫ¯ʱƯǰѪ¯ЩڣŷħҪƵġ
ʣ¾£һͼͼΪ֮ģоȫħתΪΪԴɣ
˻һַѪ¯֮УѪ¯Ϸ֮һҰڱڡХ
ʱһʧѪ¯ȻڸתȡҶ֮Ѫ¯ģͼͼħǣħ
öķ򡭡ҲҪԼķҵķԹΪҶвϷ
ҵķǽѪ¯֮ϣԳΪѪ¯򡭡Ѫ¯򣬷һУ񷣬ˣ
Ҷ¶˷ЦݣѪȣһ޳Ѫ¯ҶȽǵɾµһˣɣҲǰô޳򣬶֮Ļǿͼͼ飬ȻǿޱȣԶ֮ͨϡ
󡭡ѪŰ


101 
̣Ҫ޻ݱ䡣
ԭ־ԪȵÿһҪ򣬶ʮֿѣһûȫͲ
̺֮ϵķ򣬷һзǳת죬رǵأزܳΪ죬ˮҲϣǷ
֮Уַ̺򣬶ҲǴϹŴܣأλ棬÷Լÿλ棬͵λԶλڵ͵ȣڸߵλ棬㲻ķ
֮еķҲͬ
÷Լ÷÷磬һڷ֮У串Ϣ
ɡɡɡɣĴ٣ЩԶŴܵķʿһɣӹ١
Ҫ취ҶĿǰܣȴԭϽ취
ͼͼ飬ȻħǣȻˣͼħҲ˰ɣ
֪˶ãǧа͵ǿħǣȻʧˣͼͼ龻Ѫ¯ںһ𣬽ţͼͼ鿪ʼħ򣬾Ϻ˲סħͼͼԶʥ١
У
ħʼҪͼͼǾԲħ棬ʥ˸ҫޱȣħָʴ󾻻
ʱ죬Ѫ¯ɣ
һѪ¯֮ϣѪ¯ͻȻһɫ¯ڣ¯֮ϻƣһһػ⣬ںһͼͼΪģתŷϪˮںӲ
Ѫ¯Ϊƣͼͼ߸𣬴ʱѱͼͼԵħѾɹʥȻȲԭħǿ󣬶һз򶼱ͼͼ龻ˣħǰʮ֮һ
֮ħѾͼͼںΪһ壬γͼͼΪĵʥͬʱѪ¯γɵĴƣһʱ֮䣬ʥΪںƣʼµ
ɹ̣ǵѪ¯Ҫʱ̡
ˮ⣬˹
ʱ˿̣Ҷˮڻ־ԪһѪ¯ʼںϣ־ԪѪ¯ԴںϣͼͼɢҶȡѪ¯¯γɵ
˼ά˼άǱ򣬵õ˼άĴУʼơ
ͼͼΪģһΪƣѪ¯һѪ¯򣬴ֻаƴС
ϵѹͼͼԽԽƮ죬ź޵ǿħΪơ
أ޷ƣ
һ̣Ҷ˫һַ֣ͬʱ̺󷨣һ״ÿһƺȻƣһһеΪƣеƻΪ
֮У̺޵Ĺַ֮һʼںϣһһһ֩һΪԲΣΪǿľڡ
ƼӵԽ࣬Խȹ̡
򲻶ϳΣҶȲżǴһַһ޴󷨣󷨣󷨾
һ㣬ҶȺͨһʱ䣬ҶȾڽѧʣʵҲǰչɣ󷨼򵥾һпռ䣬֮ˣ󷨣ʵһģһ
Ѫ¯ˡ
Ѫ¯֮УҶȿܣ϶ɣһһ飬һӳһ㣬᲻ɴݡ
ͼͼ飡
һץѪ¯кͼͼ飬УͼͼȸԾѣŷعߡ
ͼͼΪ֮ģһѪ¯ǳΣ㱻ǿƵҲ޵γɣͼͼԴԴϣ
Ѫ¯Ҳһ磬ΪƣˣҶգǲ󹥻ַȭԼںϰɣ
ҶȿʼѪ¯֮Уֶ֮Уһõ־߶ЩͿ
еħǣȼհɣҹ򣡡
оЩҶóħǣһٶţȫںѪ¯֮УЩħǣȻȲǧħǣҲħ죬ҪҶһᣬϴ߷ͼͼգۼ䣬ʥ㸲ħǣһһ
ˣ
ܵѪ¯򶼷ϲűħΪͨƺʵƣϾЩħǣͼӲúܣֻͼͼ£ΪԴͨϰٱ
õħ֮Ѫ¯ɫ仯Ϊͭǹ⡢ԼˮɫâѪ¯ȫһ̺֮ұѪ¯̰ٱǧ
һУʵͼͼĹͣûͼͼ飬Ҷȣ޷򣬳޵ø߽׵ɣϣ
Ҳˣޱǿħͨͼͼ֮󣬵һֳɵǿҶȡ
޳Ѫ¯ҲȻȻ
Ѫ¯򣬽뵤ɣ
ָһ㣬ʱѾȥ£޵Ҳһʱ䣬£ʱá
ʣҪɱаͿܣħҵѪ¯򣡡һץѪ¯뵤֮УͼͼΪԴʼҲϳɳ
Ѫ¯ǿޱȣɱأءѪ¯ȻҲȥҪûͼͼ飬ɾصлƽ⣬ʮأҲͬ챦ָҲƽ򣬵һԣ
Ҷ뿪һжһ﷢˱仯޵֮󣬸ойϵ
ҡҡƼҿ¶ŹңȻһҪңңҲش󷢴ȱŹǣ޵ɱǣ˻ңֻҪصùãһжأ˭ȷµɱ֣Ҳ壬ǾͱҼӱ
ͣ
Ҷһ棬Ƴգʧ֮ϣһۡ

ţ׷ٵϢҿ뼸аͶɱ
治ˣȻڼаΧ£ܼôã֪ͨӣΧɱ
޾ԭ֮ϣʮаڻԭоѣȻʬѰмаҶȿභҶһģЩ
ʱҶѾڰеˣ˵·даͳ˯вǧаͣɣ˵ؾĹأ
áΪģٶҵӣǿƷ
ӣû׽ϱضвһӵжԵصʵ
һλǿޱȵĵʮˣۣڿ죬ͫҲɫ߸ʮܳӣһҲǰϣʮǿ߾ȻˣʮأȵɵĴڡ
һ߰죬ǣʮֿضͫ˵Ӵ磬鷳ЩۣˣͷȷʵЩ£뿪
ӷģǴնӣҪ㣬ҾԼҲ˺һë룬ϣֲ֪ǳӦú٣ǲֶ֪ͨΣҪǾӣŶҪһɱ¾˵Ҫң
ҲǻʥԺ𣿡
֮УΨоǿҲܿ£Ҳǣ˵ҪɱʣȷʵҪЩۣ
ʡ
𾪲ѣʣν׹Ǳȼ޲ĴڣҲ˵һľ
ӣǰ
ʱ֮󣬼̽ǰص
˫ͫȻ⣬ǰ޴һɨ̵ͷǸţʮаͲסܽ磡
ĿһΧס뿪

ڵӣޱɱˮҶΪģϮȥӵǿһһȥ
ţ
аɱһҶȣȻоԣ߸ԾڿзڣڼһʯϣĿȥѾΧסγһ޴Ȧ
վڣ
ԶԶģںڰմԵХ


102 ֶ
ȻѪڵζ
̤޴أ죬ķΧҶȾȻ˿壬侲۹ķ෴ƽһŨŨսʹģŷѪ¯Ҫһս
ٹŶ˽˭ڵһؾ磬޵ùûУͳͳûУأٵأҶǹһˡ
겻ϴûɱ㣬㣬ΣûôˣΧס
һǣأһӣʮ˰ҶΧʵʵˣԶԶγɰΧȦɱаͣЩǿߣԶԶվںִ֡
ҶȻƽž޲죬ã㣬һԼˣǱϣһ˫һԣ
ڼݺԹŮҶȲûж࿴ǣ룬˵նɱ
ȻͲӦšڷ΢΢裬ģϧˡ
ɱ
ӣ飬ǣ˼ɣɭɭ
ˢˢ
ʮءҵӣһһɳҶΪģȺʵǿᣬΪԸҶȣĻô
Ȼˣβһ
ķҵӣԭû˿˼ҶһͻȻһŲ޴ϣһž֮һ߾аͿð˳һһ֮࣬զࡣ
ǲ˭ȿֺҵˣҵӣǰŷһʢ硣
ţɷնɱаͣҷģЩǰаͣǴҶ֣
ƺϵһĻʮλǿߣߵ㣬һʱ䣬ҵӿʼɷ󣬿ʼаͽս
Ϊʲôͷۣôӣϼƻ֮У
ҲӴˣĿǰΪֹ侲أݵҲУ
ӵɽϣΧǸսµĹǵҺģ𱣻ҵվƸߵִ֡
ŵһأҾͲţȹӻҪţ
ҶΧסһҵӣ߷߲ƽҶȣƻȺˣŷҪչһϷ
ΪܳӣҲ߸ϵȻ뾣ԭҲʶܳӣһǸ߸ϣһǿȻݲɳӡ
ʱ࣬һǿҵ򣡡ʱ˿̣ҶҪˡ
ÿСӣԲѣһأ򣬲֪ߵغ췽ҹ̷Ҳãʮһ֮·λǿߣӰ磬ڿлһȦȦǿγصķ籩ڷ籩֮УҶǵض
ع˿ֲҶһû˺һҲûǰһڷ籩ѹһ˲䣬˫Ŀע£Ҷȴһץһһֱ籩֮С
ҶȽһ֣֮ץסʮһ˳ֻʮһСһƷ־嵨һ˼ģ
һĻУŷժȡգ
žͣ
һҶȿûһָۣһۣ˾Ȼ壬Ϊ飬Ҷץסﶴ죬֮УԾӡŶ죬ͶѪ¯֮С
ɱʮһ
һУһץһ֣Ͷ㣬׾پɱõǿߣһ٣
ɱܳӣϱϣҪ㶨һ˵ǿߣ˼սĺ
Ȼǿ
ɽϣȺˣκ˶𾪣ҪɱһɱأҲҪȫһѵŵһصľȻǵʮʵһǿᡣ
һĵ׾ţʲôţš
磬ǿһĨɱס
ģôǿڣ
ƺˣѾҶһ𺳣˵ɥǣңҲû뵽ţԳ֣һ룬µýղУôˣɺǾ
ǺˣնɱʱʮУɳһλɰسߣԼٷ˹

ΧҶǶʮˣ볷ˣǶϽҶȳ֣֪Էʲô
͡
˸תɳһԶȻһǿڵĿռ䣬ޱȣԵظ˿ռ䣬ڰգʮˣǿе̣һ
һ̣羵һѣ׼ҶʮѽΪһ壬ôʮλҵӣҲһ顣
ϣҶʮĵӣȻƣѿΪһ׹档

һ̣һֺֻһץ֮УǿһһץסȻ֮С
ǡȻ򡭡ֲҰ
ʱʮǿӣҲȲסһ𾪲ѣҶΪˣȻڵһصͽ׽׶Σͷ˿ֲ򣬹˭Ҷֶⷬ
СӣϷѾס֣㾹ҡ
ɰߣͷſֲɱҶȣŭѣҶһɱҵӣ׼ŭ
Ҷôප죬ʱڵ֮УѪ¯նʮݶ죬һöҪǿ
Ѫ¯һǿ󣬼᲻ɴݣҶĴɱߣҪɱˣȲңǼȻΪɱҶֺαش󷢴ȱŹǣ
ɶСӣϷȡͷɽӣɽ
λΪߣۣ˫ִһֲٲһΪһ壬γɿֲ֮Уڼѹڷڡ
ǵɰصˣôǿڵɰеĺܣţҲһ֣
ҶƬ̼䣬ŴضǿĦÿҪѣҶȸоȲѪ¯򣬻Ҫǿ
Ѫ¯ȻȴֻǱ߼ǵͼΣؼҶȾίʵ̫ͣŵһأѪ¯ҲС̫ͣ޷ʩչ
ͱ磬ǰһɽ˲
Ѫ¯һɽҶС޷Ѫ¯ٸЩпܴ߷
Ѫ¯ǿᣬҶȴôǿǰѪ¯ȫǶ֣ϾΪߣҶȵļȼ
ɣ
ǿƹâһţ̼ͰҶסҶΪģ֮ȫ
һԼȫȻ߸ϣӵеɰ֪ҶֶΣҪô֣Ҫôһ־ҪԳɹɱ
һɹʱΪ԰ټƵĽƱѹҶȣܼҶȸ޷رܣֻз
ƣ
ҶֱۡӻΪѪɫʱѾƽ⣬ֻʩչſһʧ
һȻΪ޴ȭͷ֮ٽȻײȭͷֱӰѽɢһ䣬ֱӺ塣
žһġ־塢˼رɣ֮УȫҶɢţ˳ʬ
ɰصĶ죬ɣҶȴץʬ壬ֱӶƵشӵ֮ץס죬Ѫ䣬ջص
ˡ
һλλءصӣôҶȻɱǶʱŵʧɥ꣬˫ֱ
ʵ죬ܶԿɰأλ˿нӽɾúȥǳ֣Χɱ
ü˼ǰ󣬶ʱһȷɳţʮλǿߣѸײڶ֮ƱҶȡ


103 
ʮˣɰϣʮؾмλһأҲöԸѵҾնɱ𣿡
ҶȿȻǿŶ֮Ѫ¯־һ֣˵ҶҪɰض죬Ҫʱ䣬Ѫ¯֮Уӵдͼͼ飬Ҳ˲ħָ߼ڣͼͼҲֻҪƬ̹;ˡ
ǰһС΢
Щˡȷǿʵôප죬ħ͵Ѫ¯򱬷һ̣ʱٳû
Ҷȳڿ죬һӣˣХһҵˣб¾Ҫɱң
ಡ
˵꣬ҶȾͳһȥٶ֮죬ȻЩʮǿһҪϼ֡
Ǹ̥壬Ҳûô졭
ӵ˸ɱҶڵķ棬ǣȴ˸գҶǵǰΪˡ
ҡҪɱҰ
ѹѹգҵӣҵ
ڼ⣬ҵӣΪءأγǷɱаͣѾ۵ħйηС
ڣҶħͷֺȻ֣װѼ˵ۼҶȺնɱնɱǣ񲻸ס
ͳͳҵɣ
һΣҶȲٺɱֱӴһץӣȻѪ¯֮С
ɶ񡭡׷
ӸɰͰؿҺ󱲣ҶȻߣѪ˿׷ŭˣһӣٶ߽һʮΧһҶ׷ɱȥ
ãѪ¯¯õ֮У֮ɱˣѶ徻ȫ
һ̣Ҷ͵ظо֮ȻҶȱԴһ壬Ѫ¯ôҶҲȻߡ
ҵһٶˣ찡֪ȫҵѪ¯;Ҫߵ̶ֲֿȣ
Ҷ˷ˣ˷ˣûʧȥǣһһ䣬ʮɻڵλã¡һΧʮɷ棬Ϊ촷ۣѵ³˯аͶĨɱˡ
ɶһ׷
ը֮Уʮ޴ӰγԲȦգͷӣۿ˸գֱĥתջִһҵˣ
ߣ
ΧʮҵΧɱȦһתͷߣǼ˿ֲսߣ˳ǵ⣬ʩչȫߡ
ʮһȻֲ
ҶȿǷ֮ǿһ£˷ܴЦ𳤿գӣȻˣͳͳ°ɣ
һʮˣ˵ɢͬȥ
໡
ͻȻʮ˴ݻٵƬ治ԶͻȻѣ߿ֲǿаء
аͣаͣθ죬һȻ࣬ȥһλߣһͷҿٳ֪˯˶꣬͸ޱǿаħ֮
ҲһնɱңѵصԨǧа͸Ūˡ
аͿܣҶȣܵëȻǧаͣħһ𣬰Ƭħŷسаǿ
ʱڷϣɷаɱѽѷֵҵӣ֮󣬱аͲס޷룬ּǧаͣһѾľѣ޲ط
ӡ
ҶȻΪһ磬գ۾ͳ߰˸ҵǰһץգջΪסˣҶȺһһѪ¯򣬾ģҶҲƤ֮С
Ҫ棬ҪɱˣҲҪҪɱˣɱˣãǣʱ򣬱ɱˣôҪһɱס
ҲˣҲң˭ңɱˣңұ죬Ҷȵ淨
ȻҵӣȫΪնɱҶȶôҶȾûҪˡǣңһŹһˣһ뿪޵صţôҡ֪֮ҲûҶ֮ء
ңһ޲ͿƿһҶȸԷһֵˡ
ôһľޣҪǵ˾ޣֻһôҪҶʬΡ
ҪôҪôһס
찡ʲôط
գۼ䣬ʮ˾ͱѪ¯֮УƯ֮Уȫ֪δȻ뵽Ҷ磬ǣҲš
⡭򰡡Ȼ޵򣡡
ʲô
ԡԣȷҼʩչŲһأȻ޵򡭡ǹӣҲͻɲ޵򰡣
¡һҵӾ޴֮ʣͼͼ鱬˹ĽȭӡǹӰˮѹһʱ֮䣬˿Էȫסɱ
Ƕһ˼ģ֮ȡǿ֮
¶Ըǧаͣ뼸λʦ֣׷ɱҶȣ˱ȥѾСһ˽£¾֪ҲǾȫնɱ
ɱ߰аͿܣʮ¶Ըǧаͣ˼Ҷ׷ɱȥ
ħˣ
һƬʣ²ʮˣҵۼҶȰ֮ͬȫɱڳɱһͷ˵ֿҪ޵
ʱ֪ڣΪʱµɣ
һŷǿס˿ռ䣬ֱӣһǿ˽״Ŀռ䣬˿ֲֶͨΣѾʧȥֿ
ݣ
Ƴ̣Ҷ壬ΧЩҵӣʧǣ뿪޵
¡
ֱֲҶڵķ棬֮ǰҶѾߣֲѰ׿ռ䣬췭ظ
ûֱˣ
ը籩֮У̤߳˵û˿Ӱ죬¿Ҳ࣬죬һӣ׷ɱȥ
磬ٶȿ㣬Ǿʵڿ£
һգһ˱£ΪصطգһˣҲʬ⡣
ɶľ޵ⷬģҪߴ磬Գ֣׽úҵҵǿҳΪϴܣ
ʱ˿̣ܵĹУ죬ȻΣǰ˭޲ǿߡ
ɣһһأһһǿߣɱϰǧɣһɶأɱǧɣڻ£ɵǿԶţɲǽӽɵĴڣɣһ鷲ʿѡ
챳ӵ޲ֲͷһУۼҶȵǿţʮٱ壬ҲҶȱȼ磬ܶôһš
㲻죬ͷޣҲϣҳȥ˭Ҳ㣬ҲУ
죬û뵽ɱжȻ˹˾ɱҵɱ¾
죬Ȼˣֺαż뿪
ͻȻ֮УҶȵ˵
㡢ҹ
һ̣ҵӶŵÿҪεȫͣգ׷׻ķ
췢˻ߵĺҰ󲫶ֵؿܡ
ʲô޲ϧûῴһ죬Ҫɱ޲磬³һɷ
ִҶ֮һΣһɿֲз籩ͻȻӿ£һ֡
ôҲ޼£ۿһ޴ĺڶ룬ǺڶŷԵ
磬һҪұ𰡣
ڶ֮

޾ı½һޱߺ·һصʱ֮С
ʱ֮УһλһżǰȻۣʱΪ֮һ𣺡ϾϢôʧˣѵ
Ҷ޲ĵܵܣ˭ųϣҲҪնɱа꣬ҾͿͻƶȥ
ˣȻվƮżš


104 ȸں
ӡ
ԵӰգǣһжΪУһӰûһɿµĲ֮⣬ħ
ôһģΪ֮һ𣬲ħ飬˫Ѫ죬󷽣Ȼɱ˾ү
үǹֵܣιȥΪһ汦Ϊүǡ
ھү˾Ѫ¹ѾӦ
Ѿ·ӣС˾ʵǿףɿռķҲҪģַͬСɣ
ӵоүѪȹ޵ɾɽүҲҵȣֻնɱ˾׸ӣܶһ٣ĺǣҲ·һ
ˣ˿麹ֱðľҪǱ죬챻Ҷնɱ³Ȼܲҡ
޲˲֪޲Щ޲ˣȻ˽⡣
ֵزֻһ·ߣɱӲٱԲ̬ȫԸɱȥ
Ȼ׷ᣡ
ҶаͿܴ֮УһһְѪ¯򣬽һ
ħӰ
ʱ˿̣ҵӣаҲ˲ˣҲ׿һһ޿ֻų˷ȥ
ţ⣬ҪЩɱЩϣȻȫԸӵǿߣǲҵĴС
ֻһ磬ֱӰӵԶԶ˦ˣѾԸҶٶȣʱҶҲȫԸʩչȫѪ壬ֻ֮ٶȡΣٶ֮ǰ
ͣ
ѪɫһһܵҵӣѪɫͷ­ʬ屻һֲߣţһҵӵ£ʬҲ
һˡʮˡʮˡһˡ
䣬ѪɫӰںձۣ֮䣬ȡһͷ­صҵӣϰˣһѪɫӰԹȫɱǾȻӰûȥ
ˡµӣȫնɱڣʣʮλǿߣɱһһǼҲ
ɱһȦ찵գҶȴδоɱ¾õ˴ӰǧаͿսʮλǿߡ
ߵĺ޷ϣǧƵİаʮλǿΧȥǧаҳֿභƴħ졣
λֵܣаͿභں󱲰үȫɱȫԸˣ
ˣȻ׷ɱҶȣͻȻǰ˻һȻǧаͰΧߣǣаͿǰȻ뿪ǧаͣͻȻſ죬ȡħ
ô£
ӵͻȻֲգۣǧа;Ȼаͣʮ˰Χа֮УͷԴԴϵħаͰΧγһ޴ħ
ʲô£
Ҷĸ֮У׼ʱ̳͵ϮҸ֣ǣͻȻһޱаȻѷԲضа֮бռһ޴ħ
ѵа֮Уа͡
ë֮˺ƴƣֻдеаͲŻдȡյħǣҶȾΣˣħһ̣Ҷȫ˺һӣǿͻƶ档
Źż֮УаһֻǴ˵ֻܣܷӡں޵򣬳аͼܣһ֣ųǰлаͷӡ
ǧа֮УҲǿڣЩǧаȡħӵħϵаͣ˿ħĴڣܾǿҪаͿܵǿǧа͡
ȻаҪңҲþܾҾڴ˵Ⱥ©֮㣬ǲаɱҲܾˣ
Ҷڰһħһָʵɱ֡
˾޴ħѵаͣ
ǲܣ޵аͶӡʱȫĨɱѹһһҪа͵ǧаͣ
ħ磬ʮ˸ľսû뵽ôȻһǧа͡
ħаħħ죬״أҾħа
ʱǧаͣȻһӰ£Ӱ²
첻ңȻħԪѣǧаͱǻгȥᣬаͣʧȥĹǣûħ
ΰӰ˵ŵŵĿͷ侲޲֮һ
΢࣬ǾһȺ߹ѵħаǿδ޵ô
ħӰγһֻ֣һһץɫħȻΪħƣγɹ״ħȻ仯Ϊħ
ħаħ򣬾ųϣҲֻ·һħħӰڹħ֮Уȫء
˿̣ǰаͿܣܵħӰ죬׷׼ֲħںħ֮Уħǿ
Ȼ򣬲ɱǸħǿٱֲãħа޵ѵôǿаͣ޳ô£Щˣ³ˣӵоֶΣ
ҶȺ֮䣬ע⵽ħΪ𾪲ѣҺøղųˣȻУֻ·һ
ƣ
䣡
Ӵͷͷžֲγһ磬ħϯȥײ֮󣬽ɢűħɣħ
ͣ
ǧаͷգȳȥһʱ䣬Ҿ徣ӵôɱ¾ôǿҲ޷ԸôаͣңаܵħƣΪһ壬Ӷ֡
ԭħаڴá
ôСİаնʿǰʵаͶħһ֣һ˴ʿôڰħǷħ򣬰˽֮У⡣
ǿħа޵֮УҲȻҵϣʵǵù͸û㡣
ħħū
ħ֮Уһλǿߣħ֮У˻ΪѪڣ˫Ŀȫаʬ⳯ͬ鹥
ȥǰ취Ӵ磬ȥֻ·һңҪ
ʩչӴڵϾһ˳ȥնɱҵȻᰡ
ʣ²ʮˣΪģʩչǿаʹ⣬ħҲһʱ޷ͻƣҪħ򻺻ħΪа͡
زѾĻ䣬һͬµ磬һ˳ȥΪնɱ׸޲޲޵ϴ֮󣬾ܰ
ãһҳȥӣպ
ӵͷ˺ܾãεĲţѣ˾ģѾ޿ѡֻл
ƣ컻أβ񷣬ΨҶ𣡡
γɱǳ󷨣ȼձסγһ޴ĹâȻħϿա
ɶħǰҲҪΪУ
ħ򶯵ҡΣħӰһ˫ޱȴħ֣ϿգΪĵľ޴â
ݵһƲ񷣬ǹâȻ˫ħ֮ǰٶƹһħ˺һӣһӰû˺ѵħѷ֮УĿɳ
Ԫμˣ
Ӻò״ħѳո£ûüͻȻԪʵ
ԪŹأ
סϢһӣѺԪǰӸʵ
ͣ
Ԫǰʩһ˲䣬Ѫڤ֮ǹȻգѸײڶ֮ƴ̴ͷ­һִֻǿĶ죬ʧ
㡭ӴѪʶ˲䣬˼ؿźԪ仯ɾģʵر۾


105 ɶ
ԪΪģҲҶ
ʮأӣĶɲͬɱӣŰѶԷҲ봢䡣
ˣ
ʱ򣬺ԪӰҶȹҶȰõʮǿնɱҲ
ԭҽ޵һ̣ҶȾѾԪȡϵκжҶȶ˽һ
ԪҲǴˣ˸ڣ첿뿪ҶȰҵȫɱ֪ͨԪʮӣϵ֪ų֣ͱҶȵֱնɱŵúԪ
֪ҶѾȫԪǰҶȾΪˣʵ벻ͨҶɱôǿߵġ
һ֮ɱϰԺܳӣֻɲֶΣ˵ȥ˭Ҷν
ҽ޵˶ˣ㻹ţһҲ˵壬ӽԺ뿪ʱ뿪ţǱޣȻֺôҲٸ㡣
һץһöģ׸ԪΪʮأλߣһƱһй㡣
лˣԪ䣬ʱһץģһλʮǿߴ䣬Ƿ˴ƣǵõô
ҶȻźԪϾԷҲȫΪԼ£ξͶԷжǰߣź趨ƻˣҪˡ
õô֮󣬺Ԫʵʵ뿪Լȥȥˡ
ħ򡭡
ҶתԶڰյǿɫ򣬸͸淢£Ҷ֪⣬˸ħ֮󣬳Ϊʬ⣬аͿܡ
ħ򣬱ҶȵõħҪ߼ӳ죬ħʮֹ򣬳Խɶǲܱȼ硣
ħаں޵ӦǿڴնɱҵˣðƸħа޲ų飬Ҳֻ鵽ħаͷϣʲô£Ҳųرַ鵽˿
Ժɱˣʬ嶼£˲鲻ѱ
ţ
һɰڵӿƺҪ壬ǿϢϯȫѪ¯ҲȺš

ͻأʧ磬硣
ãҶȳں޵Ƭأħ֮ǰŷҪ˺µľӡƵӡôӣȫҪħ
ͣҶΧĹâǹâ֮УԪҲͼͼϢһؽϢ
γˣҶΪģ˲̿Ϊһ޴磬ѵɳһӣΧһʣΪҽħҲʱܿ硣
Ҫͻס
˴ħǣϰٶ죬ͱҪͻƵɶأ
Ҷȴϲᣬɢ⣬֮䣬ƣֿ״̬ʵǲ˼飬Ҷ̹ڡ
Ԫôܣ޵λ֮µʱգôаλ棬ôԪҴδȻֻжɽٲŻˣ
̧ͷһħճһʥâɹâֱӾħںڰĺ޵Ԫ쵼ǰơ
ȻˣԪʥ࣬ӳϰɣ
Ҷȷ߿գƯԪ·չ˫ۣһץ˲䣬ԪӳҶ
һɲǣԪϴ̰ԪʹԽʥâֹâʥ䡣
Ѫ¯ͼͼ飬һͬգ
ҶץѪ¯򣬲֪ô£ҶȸоԪ˺ԼҪԼԣѪ¯ֱϿգƬԪ֮УҶֻоͼͼǸаħҪֲħͷ̰Ԫ
Ѫ¯ƯԪ֮Уʱʥһδμӳ֣Ѫ¯øͭͭӨâѪɫȥģʥľӨͭɫ
ͬʱ֮еĶ죬Ԫ֮󣬶ʰ쵣ǳҲʥգκʣΪӨʥ⣬ɢΪһ޻磬Ҷ
ӳ֣ҶȴδоͻƻԪô࣬ͻȻ٣Ҷ޵аħ̣Ԫʱһ֮Ҷڤڤ֮һɶħҶаħ磬Ĵ
ݡ
Ҷ߰˰ԪԪΪһ⣬ֱգʧ˲ֱħڡ
ͻ˵ɶأԺҪħǡ죬ԼκʵȻͻƵ൱ѣ
̼鶴죬Ȼһ磬ɢʥػΪƽΪǺ״̬
켸ҪΪռ䣬һγɣܿʼᵤ̥ҲΣһˣڵʮأ̥
̥Ĺؼڹżϣᵽɾ磬̥ɣ޵õ̥һпԵ
֮ǰ컹Ҫһƣ죬˼壬һеأعͨȻ̥
ͼͼ飬ƺҪѣֻѣܸӦƬͼͼѣҾϢϢأ
Ѫ¯ֻǿ󣬶޷ȣͼͼΪԴ֮ģסʿɣЩܣҪ죬Ҫܳʱ䲻
ûнһߣʬ壬Ǵҩɸ޷ȣһǷˣһǽӽ˵Ĵڣ
֮ҶȶԼ״̬˽ͻƵɶأʵڣҶȸоһƤңȱ
ʣ²£һ¾ô࣬ȷΪѻᣬҡƼңҲŹңȻˣҲͲˣһҲǳһ
ؼҡ׼ҡ׼ҲܷŹ׼ʱܶȰؼҡ׼ɱҶҺ󻼣
ΣءΪץסᣬһǴۣ壬֪ö˽ȥ޵ȫ
Ҷȳ˼һ̰޵֮УΪľǻƼҡҵˣ֪Լ޵Ĺأ˸㡣
ⷬᣬҪɱаͣħѪ¯򡭡λ֮ҶǱأħΪ͵ȥ

һƬ޵򣬴ؼǹǵף֪ʲôɵģаħԴԴϢͬڡ
Ԫ쳷ˣǿ߲ǵأôаͿܶ֡
һǵ֮Уһڵײʮŵӱʮ߰аͿܲסаͶ֡
ʮӣֻһɫۣԺӣλߣأˣǵһصΪ
ȹģ½˵һ壬ҪǷڳǳ֮УȴһȻ
֮УȻԪҲУ˲ɾ磬ͻ˵һأͻƲãУʵܵ˱
ǣѾмλҵӣаͿħ֮У˲ħΪаʹһӡ
ԪپС㣬ߣ
λߣ³һڷɽһնаͣһ̳ȫɱһħǡ
һ۵üͷ˻ٴһһӳͣٴɱһӣҵӣ׼롣
ϣ뱾а̣ףߣΣ
ʱغըŴѿƤڣһľ޴ξаͻȻ֣һ˦һħҵӷ
찡һոսǧааҰ
λߣξаͣŵֱ£ɫҵӣҪħѹñ塣
ҲãҲһĹУҲ۴ңҵĴԪҲ֪޷뿪ǧаͣǽܳӣҲֻ·һ
ħˮҵ̫С˿ֲֻȫޣ
𣡡
ͻȻһԵɫϲ̧ͷһһֻδ֣ȻץסһƬħֱ˦գգ۾ͻΣ
ֻ˺գŷ⣬ǿԵذѿռ˺һӣˡ
ݡžͣ
һʥâ糱ˮҵӣ˷аȥ䣬ͰааͿɱһſħǣҲҵӣԷûȡħǵ˼
ΰɨһʣҪݻ١
ɶ࣬뱾аһսɣ
ξаͣۼһһĨɱñף죬շضݣҪ顣


106 Χ׷½
аͣһ˦ժȡգ޵ħƺȡǣӴħ
ǰҽ޷ơ
һɽľ޺һѪӰǹħأͻأ£аͿ̷ܴ
ĺãаոսǧħվħ壡
һ𣬾޴ħƼڳ֮УΧħӿ˹ŷ޴Уɿռ䡣
סСıУ
ߣɽգ˫ִһעɽǷɽȻһ㽣ˡ
ĿգаͿֲܿħдĹǹӰЦ񷡣
ȻǿһȡʤҲʧܣôֻ·һħʬа͡
͵ײħѪǹӰ£̵ú飬ѪǹżӿٶȣһƿֱӴ̶аͳǣаŵߣû뵽ѪӰǹ˹ǿ
žͣ
ֱ̼аţһƣɨаԴԴȡȭͷаħǡ
¡аʬ׹·棬Ϊ֮һ˸оһƺ飬ҵضţĢԪشϺڰħգȼĦ̶ĤΪ˲ҵˡ
ٿһһаʬϣһ£Χаʬ֮ʧ
һͻŪҵͷԡ
λǿʧˡ
աž亮磬ҵչܣޱȸмڴ֮ˣϧʲôҲûС
ѵǡ
Ԫü˼˫ͫ뵽ʲôŻһ𾪣ǰãҶдϢᵽϢһ

Ȼսǧ꣬ħҲǳֲ
Ƭ֮ҶȳڼʮԶķϿգħǣأ˼Ƭ̣̰ħǴѪ¯ͼͼʱʼ
ڱΣǡñײҲڤڤ֮עõģ
ͻƵɶ֮Ҷڷ־ʱ϶õߣ֮ǰ췭ظͬ
ӷ棬Ҷ̺Ԫ̸ܵǰдаͣ⣬аԽԽãֱúɷȡԺնɱ
Ϊȡʱ䣬ҶȲ˱˷ΣգɷХһΪ磬ǰأֻİаʹڻߣĴʳ

а̸ܵϢתոصҶΧȥҶһЦӲһעɷɷʥϢаû˼άͳͳվűɣ

籩ֱӴڼ籩ϯɢһаľһãҶʵͻƵɶأԦɷԽӦ֡
ٿٿһаͿ罭ϪˮһһգۣҶʮΧȫаͱգŴ̤գ۳һƬаӪ֮Уעɷ̰ȡаʹ
ȥĸ£Ѫ¯ʵҪֱѱ䣡
Ҷã޲ðа⣬ʵ޷ɽӣɰٴĵز
г˯аͣѰɣ
һ̤Ƭػѣ˯аͱһһѣ˯ص׵ǿаҲˣصԽ˯аԽǿ·ҶȻܵħǿǧа͡
һ߾аͿܴӵصħצħͫգŷԵҪ˼ոʥ顣
Ǹ߸վҶȾͱźɷһ룬ҪɱôаͣҪܳʱ䣬оúɷٶһֹɷѾаͣħѹúɷ΢΢𶯡
Ҷһȡаͣһƺɷѹħ
үַ־ټ
һǱУһٶ˶ǱУл桢ԫҲУңǻƼҡҡ
ԭҶѲҶ䣬ǡڴΧɱ
Ҹֲ٣ۺȴҲ࣬ܳȴٺܶ࣬ҽܳӲŲʮˣҶǵصʮǿߣҸһλ
ˣڵʮ֮УҲǲ֮ˣΪơұݻƽʱʥչУɵ죬ͬǿߡ
»㱨ڤߣɣ˰磬Ƭλûûȷ
żֵϸѲ飬˲ͬѰǸڤ΢΢ۣ⡣
֣˴ϣΪľնɱҶǺñ˭õôͿԳһţ
˿̣ǷƮһλ꣬һأһɰԵ֮ûֱˣڱڤץסǱˤ
ڤɫһ俴꣺ԫаɱ𣿡
ˣңԫ
ԫǣһм˸Ŀ⣺֣ǰǻƼҪܻҪ
Ȼܣ
һλͻȻӻƼӪ֮ɲһ̤ۻü
ʲôôǻƼҵõǰ£ţһ߳һλ꣬罣ȫ˸
Ƽλʮǿߣƺλ͸ǿߣΪɵ˿壬һЦݣ֣˵취ɣ˺
֣˭׽ɱ˭͵õϵܣΣҸֺĵ
ð취
ƼλǿߣŨüһΪ⣬һʱ䣬ơÿȸԾҶȵһ̰Ѫ
Ƽʲôԫδһץȡɢⷽһλ۰ü꣬ԫ£ȫ䣬ƺһ
ԫһϲ磬û˵ʵҸ޷ȣУţ嶼ѷɫ֣ҶȡԵ
ȻһЦԫԫֵܣģһƴȫӻƵУҲԾܸȤͿҪͻƵɾأܣ˵ͻƾء
ãҪǴͻƾأǾһͻɣҵģһܣڴģԫֱӴӦ
ǣɰأȻʮأڽܳУȴܶԿʮصţʵػƼλʮǿ߻Ƶ٣ǻƼͻɵΣҲΪҶȶϣΪԫȡҶܣԼͻƵɣɡ
֮ǰټңΰ󣬴ҪͻɣŵλңҲʥԺ£֣Ҳ֧֣Ʒ׼ҰλŽˣǼ˵˵֮ԫһžҪԫʵ޻˵
Ѿ׷鵽λãλ
ڤյ̽ӻرϲվֳХ

ơңһٶˢˢɳǱԼԽһǵ棬һɽչͣҶΧ׷½ء
ҡƼңǱΪ飬ȻԸһԺӡƵ쳡ﶼУ
ӢʥԺѹ壬ΰҰɱǼź󱲣Ϊ˲ݣ
λʥԺͷˣҲûʲôΪǣרУΪ˲ҡƼˣ¾ʥԺͷԺʥԺӾѹˣ
ҹڲҲ֪ΪΣҶԸҵĴţ޲ǿӢһĿֲڣɱâʢ˵Ϸ
ǲûơҵóѡ
˭ץס͹˭
롢󷽣Ƭѹѹħ£Ȼּλʮǿߣһ棬ɫۣǽܳӣһƻ֮󣬼βȥ


107 ׽
ǧ߰а͡ӴȫѪ¯򾻻ǶôӴһ
أǻྲڷ棬թʬγɵĹӣаһҶɷ
ȥĸҶȵɹ￴
ʵѾòɼףǺɷãɷ᰷ֻʮɷ֮һܵõʮɷ
նҲáҶɷһץ֮У֮͸żϢҶȿ˿ΧתһƬطȥ
Ȼˢˢ֮Ҷ뿪һ󹤷Ӱɳ
˴ʺϲ
Խ˺룬ǰĺ޵򣬲һ㴿ӡĤĤ֮͸ޱȿֲǿħ
Ҷ֮УɢӦ·аͣǧаͣǧаҲ٣Ҷһʱ֪жٻ࣬ԶΪʬڵ¡
ħǡ
ǵ֮УҵһصϿȣҶȷһץһɿֲʱΪģʮ֮࣬һһϿ֮С
ţҶȿƺɷ˲ɱнаͣħץУһͭâӵɳȻѪ¯
һӡַħӴħѪ¯УҶʩչѪ¯򣬰򻺻ɢħΪ۷Ѫ¯ɢΧϿġ
էȻȥֻϿħ죬ίʵ£ǸӦ˿Ϣȫ벻оȻɱ
ɲеͨһɾʿ޷жߣգҾ׽һҲѪ¯
þĻŲúһУҶȷϿȹȵأһϰаһһѣ׷棬ҶȿʼһһնɱУڸϿȵѪ¯ȡϿħϿȫ֮С
ãϿȶ֮УɣеһУΪռ
ħڵϿȣҶϢڲ
ԶԶȥϿϿյħΪǿʢֱ졣
ϴѿΣҪ㣡
ããɽ֮УӰصطϿȣѾǰɱϿȣڤҲһһȥ
˫ͫ˸޺⣬ԺһֻɢȥҶڳĻ棬ÿÿ뵽ʳѰ
ۿҪѩޣôܰѪڣħɢаơ
ǸСһ˴;֪жаǿаͣأ
ֻһһСܴܵأʮǰֻϰˣλϲ⣡
һһϿȺǼλβǿߣһ󣬻ΪӰǱƬϿ֮С
Ͽɷɱаͣο
ϿȺҵӾаͷɱǿߣƵ쳡侲ƶƻһʱ䣬еɷ󣬶ˣ׼ѰҶȡ

ͻȻϿħȻѹռϢһ¶ᣬʱֹͣϿһ˲ɶռ䡣
˲ܣգħȫһɺȻǲħǣɺȻҲڽǡ
Ͽȣȫʧȥϵһޱǿ˿ռϣγɶؿռ䡣
򡭡
ӣ
صλʮǿߣα롢Ҽƻ֮Ͽȣⲻ˼һĻŷϿ类Ⱦܡ
ߣ
Ƶ쳶һۣۺ־壬Ȼӣתλǿ߷ȥһϳһλǿߣԭҵɽҡ
ôˣҲߣ
ҵӣըҷҷɣƵ涼ȥˣֻ·һ
䣡
ĵֲǽڣȻ˺һӣǣһħ˲γǿǿϯ
ǿҲɶء
λǿ߱ħһɫ԰ףʱƵ쳷䣬ۺ죬ʱڶ֮ʱʮϣҲȻֵء
֮ޣȥ˵˱ȫһϣ˺һӳȥƵ쳿˵
ãǾϣ
ͷԻƵ쳡Ȼ⡣
Ȼˣһǻ뿪𣿡
ͻȻһԵ֮Ͽ֮бӣа͡ҵһվסš
ŵӣ֪λǰǰޣǰδˡҵȣ
һκ˶Ҫ侲ѾϿȵ򣬳ʥϢǾԲǧа͡а͵а򣬶޵ŷӡɣֻŵӲſԽ룬ˣôֻһ㣬λʩչǿߣһǰ
˵ҲȻ򣬱Ϊаħôһǰһûпʼǰ㾪š
ǰҿɲʲôǰһΪɱҶ𣿡
ɾͷϿգħһ·ֿһϤӰħ֣ӰҲ
ޡ
ʱ˿̣ڻƼڵ֮Уһۿħģʱʧɥ귢˻

ƵԼλǿߣһǣһ˼ƯϿաصҶȡ
һʱ䣬һٶϡͫ־ȡ㵡𺳡־ȵȱ顣
ţֻжԿʵôܣ򰡣ֻɲеͨôᷨ򰡣
Ƽţڤһ̣κ˶𾪣ڼţһأֻһ춥ڣҶչֵʵȫϣûһɣ޵óبδй
ֹڤ桢ԫǵмˣһۣȫǰһС
ôܣǼٵġԫҡͷڳУֻһ˶Ծ˽Զ࣬ڰǰһСɣʱȴնɱż°
һתۣڼ¾ͻƵɶأԫҹɱˣȻôȥš
ʵҶȴһصɶأֻòʱ䣬꣬Թ˭ͻƵɣٵ¶Ҷ̬ڡ
桢ԫ֮ԹֻСԹǣ̫С뾡취ңɱңôҲŹң˽գһгԹΪ̣ڳˣΪҽɣ
Ҷȷһ죬ɷ˲֣Ư֮ϣ͸Ϻɫعâ߸ߣˡ
ռ䷨
ˣǵʮҪɵǿߣһ۾ϳɷһԣڣǲףҶΪʲôǿӵôһռ䷨ڵ޵С
һȺ߹ǰɣҲҪɱħҪҪµɣ
Ҷͷץסɷ׼·ˣע
֮ɱ
زǰӣΪ󹥻ӴҶȥ
ʱռ䶼ڲѪ¯ȻҲ£֪˺һжǿ
Ϊ֮ô
ۣ
ʮħǣͻȻķۣڿУһʥӴħǣγһɿֲħǰ
ʹħ
Ƶ˺󼸲ħǣаħľֻɣܷӡʹħ


108 
ħ
϶ħͷħͷתȻôӵоħǵ㳤ţҲħǶħȻܾħǣ
Ͽ֮УаͰΧҵӣ̧̾ͷգоҶȸ߸ϣܣǣֻҶ𣬻Ϊ
䣡
ֲʮħɵħײϳħʹħڽڰˣ˿ħǣ漤գգҶȵıӾ޴
͡ǣ
У
Ҷһһ̣һü·˹Ȼɢħħǣ׵壬һһ飬ΪɫƬƯգűɡ
˺һҲħʧ֮С
ɱɱ
Ҷʩչľһ£ΪУƣ·ˣȸԾɽХÿ˶ǿɱ⣬źҪҶµ

ˣÿ˶һŶ飬λǿĿһۣҵӻкнܳӣǣնɱħͷ
ಣ
Ǵͷɳţһλλ۵ӷɳһʮˣΪصزȣÿˣŽܳӣ롢Һ壬½Ƕһ
κһ壬Ҷңֻһںѡ
̶
ĨĨ亹ҶϢָ·ΪģһӴĵʮλܳӣһ¾Ҳмܡ
ҶĿǰʵԸһλʮǿߣҪȫԸλʮأʮܳӣɱҶΡ
նɱħͷħͷݡ
Ƶǰһ󲽣ת۸ߺ
ɱħͷ
˱ɽХŭ𳤿գϿҲΪһ
ն
߸߸ͷŵʮ󺣣ԺϰٴƣХ졣
ݡ
ʮ糤գգںϣÿһɽӣɽ֮ƣѪ¯򣬾ȻԾħʼɢȥƺڰ紿ǰħܵ
໡
رһХĵ죬аɽ֮֮ͷϿգһһʮɳľ޴ɫ
죬̾գʮɣף˫Ѫ죬Ķɫ޳ᣬÿһĶͰħɡ
ô˲á
ҶգԶɫһɫÿһĶ޳ᣬ͸ӦѪ¯˻ζһ£ƺҪƵģɫʵڿֲ죬Ѫ¯ͿҪ֧Ųס
ҵҵףһУΪã
һץֻϿ·аͿεգ飬ÿһаͶ֮£ûκô
죬
Ŵ·Ҳһÿ˶ȫһɫаħ֮һۣѹĳأ
ôǣа赲óѣ
ҲƲ
ɫõͷţҰưѹҰޣسֱãϣͳͳΪС
аǣͳͳȼհɣ
ǿһݲҶȷǧһ֮ʣҶͻȻɷһʱ֮䣬ҶȲ׽ĽǧаͣԴԴɫǰ̣ԴԴϡ
ʱħЩаںɷ֮УͱħԣȼɷͻȻҶͷţ֪жôӴ
ǧаͿܣһɣҲҪɱһǼħԵĴа͡
Ȼȡôа͡
ӣ
Ƶ쳼Ʋ֪ǹаħ֮жôֲŵľսǣʼӴܡ

ǧаͿܣɽХǬתдſֲħɫײɫ类ħסľޣֻƬ̣ͱħħΪħ档
ɫʧаҲΪ棬ڿȼգΪҽֻ´ħƯա
ϯħλʮǿɣħ壬λǿߣ˫ͫȫû˼ѪƵģֻʣһªƤҡ
Ӱ
Ĵǿ߱ħǵʮˣתܣǰħ׷ᣬһһаħ壬ħϿȷ֮ϯȥơҵӣѾŵ˫ȷеĵز
ȡգ
ɷҶȴһץѪ¯ʩչѹռ䣬ɷգʼͷŷ籩а͡ŵӣһһ롣
ɣ
Ҷȷ򹥻£ˮ࣬а͡ŵӣһһɡ
ʼĵҵӣǱ֮ɱǱɷ롣
Ҳİ
ڤȵ˵ֿ֮ӷ˺ɷ۰Ͱ;ؿԼ뾮ڴڡ
ħǣת򣡡
УħǣҶȴһץħǸǰ߶ǧͼͼʥʼħǣȻ֮䣬ϰħһһħѪ¯ʵͻתǬ
ŷХͱڵֵǵǿߣҲòԾߣűɷ룬ŲǴӺɷɳаͣϿȱеаͣɳرɷ
ɷ֮УȻǧǵаͣƵ쳡ڤʮˣںɷѰҳ·
ˣ鳾һлΪаɣ
˫۱âϿȣһˣһһаͣȫһɷ
ħ񷣬֮
Ҷȸոշ׼͵ϢʱһεħͻȻϿգһδһ˫ħ֮£ֲĳҶȺȻϿȵĿռħҪǿ󼸱Ѫ¯ݲħ
ǧаͣ
һ̣Ҷأδйֱ飬̧ͷſ޴ħ汻סֻ·һң޴ħѪ¯ֻ֮ͣ˵ԷʵѪ¯֮ϣǧħͷħаһǿ
ħͷصϢ»ħħͷ֮ϣίʵ¡
ռѪڤ֮ǹ
ΣҶٶϸ룬ͱѪռռ״̬µѪڤ֮ǹУѪڤ֮ǹͷħȥ
һҶĴڡ
ɶ࣬ӵ򣬺Ϳռ䷨Ȼһ˿ֲֲħ󷽣һֲ
䣡
Ѫڤ֮ǹ֮ƣħħ֮ҲסѪڤ֮ǹʱֲͬʱһɻصһը
꣡
Ҷ³һѪڽںˣտʼ𣬺ҶһѪħռ䣬ͭɫ磬Ѫ¯Ŀֳ
ø࣬ȻӵħǵֶΣշɱ㲻ɣ˵ΪħǵܣаԿǷһ·
챬ըʧһ޴ӰأȻһƤңֲģӣֻǹǡ
ŵĵӡħͷǿ֮У޼ɣҲԼ򣬱ҵǿ
ҶȰסţϢ˳ȫȡħָʵʱҶȣһѪ죬ڲѪռ״̬֮С


109 
õҵܣͿû£
ҶȷգڵʵָһЩǱȫʢʱڣ٣ͻƶأΪȫԵС
ǰλааʵԽ˵ɣȼǿɡ
һǧаͣΪǿףҶȵͳɣħͷ֮ǰָЩʵ
΢ϣħǰ£
ǿаӶ˫֮䣬޹⣬ƷڣذħӣҪѪ¯
ȥѪ¯ֲסǿΪ֮ƣֻС
ħҶȸܵѪ¯ڲͣ¼ֲ˶ãᱻħͷаɡ
ɱ
аħͷۼֲҪɱҶ֮ʱգӰͻȻаħͷӰ֮ɱϯסаħͷת
ಣ
Ҷȼɼںڰ֮Уаħ֮䣬ʩչƬɼ׹طɳɱаˣҶȳûѪ¯ϿȶȻӭЩҫҶȻ磬ա
ɶ񡭡ⷨĺܣϧ޷Աа˺
֮ɼףаƤֻмۻۣûж˺ħ֮ǰȡ
ɼ׶ʱʧգа˫ͫаħ֮⣬סɼףһӰҶ׷ȥ
Ȼ֪ɼɱȴû뵽ǿᡭ
ʩչȫգͬʱɼƿն봢䣬ҶȻͷһգȻһ߰ɵħ磬Իصϯ
ǧа͡˿̣ҶνζȫЦãһǧаͣǿʵףؼȻ֪ܲ򣬾߽ɣҲ
ħͷ򵥰
ʩչȫһҶȳ޵ɳۡ

ͻȻаħ죬֮ػصҶȸоϢԽ泩ֲа֮βôҲ˦
ǿ
˿̣ڴط֮£ĿȥгǧǶȡ챦նɱа֮ͣһƬһƬˣããؾŵӡ
ħγɵϯеӶ̧ܵͷȥʱŵľħ˺أУһصǿа͡
ⲻͨǧаͣһҪǿаǶǶ֣Ͽ첼󣬸֪½Ԯ
λܳӣʱаɫأ̲һֲһǺӣȽȽնȥ
ţħ塣
տɽܣǿ̿նٶʥԺӣÿͷǶڴ
ʱһǳ֮⣬Ȼɽ뱬γǹٲб
ţ
λǿһһѣ룬Ÿλϣ׷վһץ˲һǹ⣬ɫһ²޿ռһԽɵǧаܣǿ쳣аħͷ
һһ꣬һλѮߣ죬罣ܣǳڴػӡ磬ںռ֮УûгԽɵǿаͣ
ĪħͷƽҵȽĺռ䣿ôᣬţɸ߽־ǿߣϢƽػĽ磬ƽǿߣҲĿܣΣǿһʥԺӰ
һλ׷ԲԵߣ߳㵿ˡ
ħһǱںռ䣬ôӦͷ֣ǴôҵҲ֣ᷢһֿܣᱻ֣ȴӽк޸Ӧħͷֻǧаֻͣ˵ħͷͨԽ챦
˵Ŀ⣬ϻֵϷλ½磬նɱħͷˣػӡκη紵ݶ̸Ϸ򣡡
ಣ
˵꣬λϣǣֱħգһιĤǰ粨ĺ棬ճһȭ⻷˶ʱʧ
ϧֻгŲʸ޵ǧаͣ϶챦Ȼӵͨҵնɱͨǿǿռͨ
ֲǳϣˣھ䣬ʵԿⳤţ
ħܣŸλʥԺӣѰһһһģ볤Ÿһġ

ɶħͷ׷ᡭ
ٷԾԶаħͷȻ׷ᣬҸûŵӷУ޼ɵ
ѣҶٴʩչѪ壬ȫܣҪǱħͷ׷ҶѾûκֶο⣬һնûУҶֻѡܡ
ŵӣԺӡ
ٶ˿죬ȵʮذһλţ
һƬŵӱˢˢգûҶòֻһӰƿնȥǿħ硣
ôţҲֻ·һħͷǿҲǻǿ˻ϣһħͷĿɱǣҲЭӦ
ӣƳˮ뱼ȥոϴ飬ӿȣˡ
С࣬ħӣ
գаһα춯ħ˹޵򴫵ŵӶһ
ŵӣҶȾΪˣϧ޷Ҷݣֻ֪һԺӣһλȼɵǿаܶս
ЩӣŶʮеķ֮һʳڣһֻһţص޶֮УΪԷһԺӣȻɿ⣬㣬ۻࡣ
ħͷб׷˵
֮࣬գִҶȾ춯ءХɽӰĺÿоѪڷڡ
ԭĪ
һɹ£ǿӰħ綸Ȼȥ
š
һӾһϲ⣬Ͻ٣Ǹעǿļ˭Ҳٿ־ܾ
ǳšоˣ
ҶƣʱܵǿϢڲϸּЦݣɫ䣺óϿңȻɱࡢơҵ£¶ţһøң
򣡡
ħǣ˲Ѫ¯ҶһƳʧֻһɺɫħ޴֮С
СӣȻħǣȻħ޵Ϊһ壬ħᣡ
գǾ޴ͻȻΪħ棬аͿܷɳħ棬ſƤĴ죬ͻһħ磬˲䣬ǴƬħ泯Ҷʧȥ
ħϿֲħ磬أضչâڵˣħƺȡա
ͨ罣ڣ
ħˮ˳֮ʣһǿƮĽ磬˽٣ƺƴնħͷ
ɵĽ磬ŷһݺ磬ֻͨɲеͨҲһʩչľ
ɶؾǿߣ
аͿܣոշӦǣ㲻鸡磬£аħͷɣǧԶϵǺѪߡ
šȱħ޵ħٱѪ𣡡
һǺѪаħͷ˴ħһаͻ㣬һ£СʱΪһħ̣ʼܡ
ħͷӡ򣡡
һӰɱǰһץʱһɴĹâסаħ̣Χɿռסһ»ûξɫգΪһĿռ䣬ն̳Ʈâ
䣡
аħһ±˻Ϊ״̬³ںѪ
ϷѾѱħͷħͷգɣһռ䣬߸ϣֳһɽ
ңħ
ڰ׼ħ˲䣬аħͷȻһɿֲȻΪһϼ⣬ǿжʧƮؾ֮С
ꡭȻ챦һҪõһѪϸ̰Цݣһӣռʧ


110 ½֮㾧Ƭ
һ۵İڰգۿ죬ʱλϴڰԣǹһ˿Ѫ𾪲ѣ׳ϣǿ㶼޷ס𣿡
ħͷЩֶΣλ׷
ӥü⣬߸Ծ𣬻Ϊ磬ա
ߣóѣһ˶̱ǵʲô
λѹÿռ䶼Ť䣬Ȼβȥ
žգλϷȥ󲻼鸡·һƬħ̣Խͣγģ棬Ȼûаģңħ֮УȻһ龧Ө챦˸Ŀ⻷
ħ̰žȻΪһħ׼ڰշȥ
ݡ
ۿаħͷҪһ̣һΰ˼ʥͻȻƺڰգѸײڶ֮ѹסħϷǿؿռ䣬ʧ
ʲô
Χͭɫߣǹ⣬岼ۻңʥޱȣĴҶУΧƯŴħǣͭɫںϡ
˿̣ħ̱ʥѪ¯֮Уаħͷһʥ׵عâסŹâϷһԶŹžƯġ
ħ̻Ϊаħͷͷſֲħʥȥǣκζٴι޶ԡ
ûõģһΣ
ҶۣɫȻ԰ףħƽѪ¯ϢѪ¯޵Ϊһ壬ûΪֶͨΣңѪ¯֮Удͼͼ飬ǿһλռ꣬ھλλһֱʵĹͨ
ʲô
аħͷһ̣Ȼ侲ȫȻѪû֮ǰһǿ״̬ѾҶȶ֡
ûҪ֪ǣҲ챦ܴǿߵ֮ӳ˼飡
Ҷȿаħͷʱ׼֡
аӵеıϵģСӣȱħٴλڣ
аħͷһħ˫ͻȻϳһȭͷСĻɫˮһʯʯɢѪ¯ڲ
ʲôʯȻ޵ͬԴ֮ŷ޵һ壬ֲܴӰӳ
ǿʯҶȶʱоѪ¯Ҫʯõ
ʵ㣬ħ汦Ǵ˵еĴ½㾧񡯣Ǻ޵ԴڣǺ޵򣬺޵Ҳں޵ȻҲ޵еģǣ˭Ҳɱңֻϧ顮㾧ֻһ֣д󲿷ں޵ڵıԴ½֮УҲ޷ңСӣҿݷӦССΪһ죬Ϊסħģ
һХаħͷº㾧˻ΪĿâҶȶʱо޵ڲ

ۿаħͷҪѳȥҶȸûκֶΣǧͼͼ飬ȻһʥĻĻɱаħаħͷӶһ£аħͷȼ˲Ϊҽ
ǿħͷȻ֮ǰᶼУδһ£㱻ʥ⾻ʧ
ˣŴǧͼǻλ澫㾧Ǵ½ҲλһڴǧͼǰǺӣӾΥҵĸ壬Ҫعĸ尡
һĻҶ
㾧񣡡
аħͷȥ󣬺㾧֮ͼͼǰ㾧δߣǧͼͼΪһ塣
ҶץУʱ֮䣬оƮƮģŷܸܵ޵һһκħԴ
ҿż˵޵ǡڤλ桯֮һ½ģ׹λ·ռ䣬֣㾧ҲҪħˣҺûһʥ֮
ź㾧ҶдҲһ֪
λڵϷǳĵϷλͬʱ֮УͼλڣеλλСеλ棬ȴʮٱҪ
޵ԭһڤλ½һ֣ǰħսڤλսڤλλٱţ壬ڴսȥڤλλ棬ûֻڤҶܵսӰ죬ڤλģ˭Ҳ֪
㾧񡭡ֻڤλһ֣ˣû޵ͬԴҵıʱΪҡֱϣлҵڤλ棬λ棬ڤλΪҵһ֣ʱԪ񣬼ڶԪ񣬾㱻ɱҲڤλ
к㾧Ըоħ̲ʣിһɣ㾧ͳаħʱаħͷõĺ㾧ȫħģֱӿ޵򣬳ΪӵбǿߣɢɣҲɱ
ʿһһ½ںϣͬԴԿ½ǣ߽ɶңһжҪԵҲвٵͽɣŻԵ޳ɱ
ɣҲбġ
һӵбһ޵ɣǵõһ΢λĻͿԪڶԪɱԪҲ
һ߼ɣɣڶԪ񣬶ѱԪλ֮УɽʧܣҲתޣǳɾͲܣһλ棬Ҳ޵еĴڡ
㾧֪аħ֮ħ˶꣬ʵҪħҲҪ꣬ʱҲſ㾧񣬲޵ú޵ҵıʱɣҲܻܣҺдǧͼͼ飬㾧ҲʮҰɣ
ź㾧Ҷ˼ȻüͷһҵѪ¯̫Сͼͼ飬Ȼҽǣûȫںϣҵ򱾲˺㾧ǿħÿͼͼ龻ħתǿ򣬶һȫ㾧Ѫ¯ȫںϣʱҵ򣬾ͻӵд½Ϣ
ʵ½ɾǿ߶޷ֻбɾǿ߲еͨ
Ҷ⼸ܵǿٵһˡ
ˣӵпٵصͨʵ絮ԭ޵У赽ʵ
ˣ硣
˺㾧񣬴ӴԺҵѪ¯ףǴ½½ıԴҶϸϸĦź㾧񣬾ĺܡ
½һλ֮еʣγĻλγ֮ʾͻγɺ㾧񣬶㾧γɴ½ıԴ
ڴ½֮ϣλ棬λ֮УҲλ汾ԴĴڣôܾͲҶ־֪ġ
õ㾧Ͽɣ͵ڵõ½Ͽɣ½λ֮еʣԵõ㾧͵ڵõλϿɣһ½ľ޴Ե
һ̣ҶȲᵽǧͼǿ󣬿ǧͼĻˣ֪ӵжԪ񣬶ôֲĴڰ
ࡢ롢ƣĵˣڱγֻסءңǾݣʱҳϹϵлᣬһǻһ
ħҲռòǰħǣģǣҪʱâȻǿУؼࡢ롢һɣóһЩħǣֻҪܳɹμѡɣħǣպ򣡡
ҶȰѺ㾧ǧͼͼһͼͼ飬ҹ㾧ȡһվҶȾл޵ںϣʱռ䣬Ҷ
ħͷˡ
ʱһͳȷŭͻȻҶȶ䡣
ҶһͷѪ¯һ͸һһЦ̴ãҲʱסħͷ¾Ҫõʱɱ㣡
գֱĥİƺû׷ħͷв졣
ڰҶ֪Ҫ׼һս׼ҲܷŹҶңҶҲܲǧ֮ǰ֮𣬳磬Ҫһսġ
Ȱλ뿪޵ٳȥСʻ괬
ҶץסᣬʱѵþúħͷһսҶǳĻر飬ħͷ׷ɱǿɲǺζ
ƲһЦҶգ޵Ϊһ壬к޵ıԴ㾧Ҷ˭Ҳ


111 
ӵк޵򾫻㾧Ѫ¯˺޵ԴҶȼԦѪ¯ӵӦ֣޵ˮ㾧ںϵѪ¯򣬱㡣
ɷ
һɷУ𣬽ɷһһƬСռ䣬˶аҲΪҽɷ𣬿ԷɱɵĴڣֵʮǿߣֻ·һ
Ҷͻ˵ɶأúɷʵǰɾҶҪƺɷɱʮأ»Ѻܳʱ䣬ڣҶʵߣԦɷҲ׾١
ϧµĶ죬̫СںɷʧҺû˶죬һָʵɶ۷壡
һΣҶȿνʹòѪ壬һռʹļ󣬼ÿһӣҪһʱ䣬ܹҶʧȥϰҪ֪ҶͻƵɶ֮Ҳֻ겻ʱ䣬ڣһ¾ûһ롣
ǿѪ¯Ҷȱ㿪ʼõն屾죬ַĴУɶ졣
˿̣ÿÿ룬Ҷȶоڽڽȡ˶죬ҶΪ͵ԣȡйʵֱӼӳٶȣġ
һ˵һ˻ӵͨ
һȡӳضҪ֮ϣҪԶԶȻʱױԷɣһСģͻᱬ壬ôһΪ͸֮
Ҷ֮˷ն֮һʮض죬ΪڵŨȾͷǳ֮ߣǳʮֹϣںԪԪ˾͸һȣԪɴ󲿷
ԪҶڻǧͼͼǹǧͼﶼοǵֵͼɾ˵
ң֮Уڻдǧͼͼ顢½㾧룬ôҶ֮УѾں˼ֲֿħҲ֪Ҷжôֲ˵ɣھ磬ֱӿȡ
ҶǺµı飬ǿɸ߽׵ҶȻͼգ֮ʣҶǲѱƣֵġ
һضգ˷ѣҶȹ۲쵤֮еĶ죬ֻʸ֮֮࣬Уŷڲޡ
Ҳָ֮һ˭Ҷͬһ㣬һľˣȵʮأһض죬ֻҶȻָһ֡
ţּһض졭
һһҶȫ֮УֳֵУ뾳ںϣº֮֮ߣر仯ǳֻأʶҳأںϣӳ֡
ֶһεĻԼһ֣ȻԪأôԪȻԪںϣԪҳԪİء
УǶ
֪¹ȥҶƵ쳵ǿ߶죬һһգȡǵıиٶء
ңʵָȻɶ۷״̬֮ںප֮ҲΪأͨɶأ컹֮УֻһС
һ˲䣬֮ͫУ¶ǳʥ⣬˷ŷɣ䡣
֪µ޵ĸ£ʱ䡭
ָһ㣬ҶΪ̾һαչأʱһΣǰɾ볤Ҳˣɾ̫͡
ϵΪʱڣ޵ɶأҲʱ䣬ꡭ
֪ΪΣҶȷŷ̫ãԺ֮УܳǰӰӡ
ǸƳ꣬绪Ľǣδźı£һлΪ̣͹ȣһʼڳƳɳҹſһ£ǿϣ
֮һжˣٴվ۷壬һɾޣڣӵпɵǰʮؾͷǳ˲ˣɣǴɼĸ߶ȡ
꣬һͻƵɶأ˵ȥû˻ţبţҲûҶġ
壬޵˵أ֪࣬ʵĸ߶ȡ
ҶվһץѪ¯ʧƿնվں޵ϣΧҲûκа͡
ԭһֻԾ޻ڻģڽݣôҲҪ޻ڣҶȾðգҪɱˣһնɱռôħǣǰ
룬Ҷ̸Ӧ޻λãշȥ
޵ƫһԭ֮УŵϡϡѰаͣҲмΧаͣÿǰһСġ
ɶ˺üˣõħǣһ˲żţȥһ溮ģؼԭоٵڱһ·ƻѡ
Զһǵ֮У޻ɷ󣬸ոɱ߰аͣҵӣڰ֮ڣɢúܿˣɱа͡
磬вҪɱ޻ڻоɣ
ԭ뾣ٵ˻ţʮˣΪڵ߰˾֮䣬ûʮǿػ
ˣԾΪģһΪﵽذ۷壬һλǿߣҲΨΨŵŵ
δֵ֣֣һնɱԭ˵˼٣ڰѰұ

֮УҶȸܵ޻Ϣ̷棬޻ڴһ̧ͷͬʱҲ˷ӭ
ҶȰ޻ڴϲξһʵ̫С
ѾԼ°ãħҲ㹻ˣ߰ɣҶûзԣһ޻һ飬ֻо޻һǵأһܳӶûУ޵аֻͣиķݡ
λԱҶȳ֣쳣ˣ֪аͣͲǰǰ
ͻƵɶˡ
һʮаͣȴҶǰһ֣Ϊ˻ҽʮħȻ˷䡣
޻ڰм𾪲ѣһ֣ɱôаͣǵʮأҲϸһŷҶѾͻ˵ɶء
ǰòͻƣǧаͣǰҲʲôһʱ䣬ȡɱЩаͣҲǰҶƽ˵
䣡
ͻȻ޵գһ˺ػζӣ캳أţһԶŵڴӣһԶڴγһϸϸС
С
ǿߣȿֺطУԽԽ࣬ĿϾӡ
УȻֹУпħսµؿռ䣬УУµĲ鱦Ե֮УֹֻΣ
ʱ򣬾޻ڼҶ˵
ҲȥҶͻȻʩչһ糤һ㣬޻ˣգ۾ͷ֮С
˾ذգ۹ԴѣΣǣǰȫ䣬һɽȣɽȻҲħ󲿷Ǹ߼ϢԶ½
ˢˢ
һ֮Уŵӣһһ١ǧ򡭡ԽԽࡣ
кǿôƣĪǣҲֻ䣬Ҳ޵ںϣΪһСռ䣿
Ҷϸһ룬̧ͷһɽ棬һӴĽϢǹɽ磬ˮ׼ŵӶɽģ棬ȻһĻƽ𹬵ȥϢ
ɽܣеľֲ£ΪϱɰءصӣᣬʮǿߣǴصأȴӵءʮصĵӣȫɽġ
²˳٣ԵҷɢѰ޻һ£λҵӣƫƧһ౼ȥǺ֪֪֮Ӷ֣βȥƫƧط˵
ߣ
޻˼֮ʣҶȴһץԷֱٶȣգֱӳԽǧǿߣ
䣡
ʱвǿУƽ𹬵ǣһһһΰԵ˻ȥѪֹ


112 ޽
ǿĽ磡
˱˻˱ŸЩ̾ˣӵеʮصǿߣЩȻǵΪһʵȴﵽʮˮ׼Щˣһܳӡ
ٿٿ
׼һʱһεֱӴ磬赲۾ǲĵؾۼȫƽ硣
찡˶
ģĻƽ𹬵ǰҶž޻ںأһ޴ĹǰΧˮأиʯ̣ռƯһƲ㡣
Ҹой˶þҪʧһбֱȫ봢䣬ȳȥϸϸķ֣ߣ
Ҷȴ󲽿빬֮У޻ڰΧʯ봢䣬̸ȥ
ţôʬ壬һŵӣ֪˶á⴦в֪һӽΪôˣ
ո֮УͼȡԺʬ壬Ϊ˰׹ǣٰ׹ϲŵųۣûлȥ
ӰһҶȽڵһѰÿҡ䶼չһգҲЩԱ˷ֵıҶһһ봢䣬ʯ죬ҪǿĲƸ
˶Ѿзܣ˾磬ǲȡģҶҲС
ţ
һṦҶȾԺһµĺ԰ﲼüãɾ嶼ݻ٣̤ǱѣҪ⹬ˣ֪ĻҪӹײĳɡ
ҶȸҪȥ俴ʱͻȻĿԺУˮؼɽ֮ϣһ񣬵һӣʮۣ꣬һ㣬ûκ֮վֻǹЦݣЩͷԡ
֪ô£ҶȾõ񲻷ҲǾʯӰκε񣬶᲻ʯ
ˮأʯһȦʯʵҲ̰ĵ˶ֻ޷ߣɽٵ룬ʯա
ָϣʲô
һâʯʯ˫Ǳŵģ·ΪأҶȴʲôâ

һöָ
ӰһصԭأҶУһöָϹϲУ͸Ų䡣
һһܣ룬ҶȸӦһϢ˹ҶȲ뱻˷֣޻ڷ

ƫ޻˷ܵشһ䷿߳Ҷȣ̱Ҷȡ
ҶȼüЦʵ⴦ɵϧǰӽֻЩ磬ǲǵõ챦ˣ
ҵõһ뿪˵޻ƺҲӦ˵˷֣֪Ƚɵ³ȥԺ󣬾ա

˻Ϊһ֮ɽȳڣʱŵˮԴԴɵеóʲô£һɨʼˡ
޻ڰ˼ϣһüչЦӣҲõٺôʱӹлвٵӷɽҶʩչǿˣӿǰɳС
ڳˣϧʧȥᣬǼɱаͣ԰ɱغã˭õ͹˭
һص棬֮ϣ½д˷Ѷŵӣ׷ҸϷС
޻˿ʼɱаͣҶҲУһ·ϣаͣһ֣ȫΪĩħԴԴϱȡ
ֹ˰£ҶȰ޻ˣɱаͣ󲿷ħǶ޻ڣϾҪ¡
ֻвһʱ䡣
һصǵ֮Уаȫɱ⣬޻УǱޣҶһ
㿴Ҿ͵õ
Ĵˣȷȫ֮ʱ޻ڴӴ䣬óһ֧һ߳İɫëʣëһ͸ŹϢ޻Цʵã鷿ʲôһգǱʺ֮УȻ֧ɱʣ
ر𡭡ƽ͸Ŵֱ֮Ʋ񷣬̺Ϣǳ˲ãҪںҲҪɰϾ磡ҶҲΪ𾪣һμǲģЦ˼䣬㵽һ
޻Ҳ˵ʲôһ࣬żʮԶĵطʼ͸ɱܡ
öָһ˱ҾͿʲôܰɣ
һ£ɼ죬㿪ʼóָоָ΢΢͸ź֮濴ͨȴһɰ֮С
ˣ
Ϊ˼ָǺαҶСעһ˭ָ֪ͱ˻εҶȲ䣬ֽ˼Σ޶ԣǽָ̩ɽ˿
ɼ֮޷УĪֻеͻɾ˾ϣƽ
̾˼һˣȻýָû취ҲָѰ֮ҪҶɽ⿪ָܣǽָҲ㲻һ汦
ое񶴷ҹԻѵĴӣȴΪ⣬޷ͻƣ֪
ҾͲţ㣡ͼͼ飡
һץһʥģ粨˵ǳ⻷֮УƯһžźɰٴϢҶ̰ѽָͼͼһͬѪ¯ͼͼʼָ֮еǿ˷ӡ
λˣӦ꣬ȻˣӡҲӦǧͼˣǧλ棬ݺ޵УҲеľܣӦÿԾӡ
Ѫ¯֮УͼͼͷʥâʼָͼͼԾħǣ㾧񶼿ԡ
Щ죬Ҳûúһ
Ҷȱ۳գĹ۰˷ͨأ޵ȫħҪȡԪܣֻھ¹
һһȥȥ
зӦˣ
ܵѪ¯֮Ϣڱ仯Ҷֹͣһöָͼͼ龻£˱ɫһͨ͸ڽָģһʯ貶Ŀڽָأ޽䡱ָĿ
޽䣬ȲǣҾͳͼѪڤ֮ǹƽ޽зӡɣ
ʱͼͼֻǴ˴޽ӡ÷ӡܵ־壬ͼͼʼ͸ڲҶȳƣעͼһͬУţ˫һһѪڤ֮ǹַͳͳ
ڴ޽ռϿգһĻסͼͼƺƽ룬Ѫڤ֮ǹˣͼͼ£ŤתǬƣӡĻ
ˡ
Ѫڤ֮ǹͼͼ룬жôֲǹڴʱ޽ӡƺӦ־壬ƺʲôͻȻڷӡĻϿգһλ޴ͶӰ˹ĻϷ
Ȼ־ˣȻеٵأƣܻأ⻹һ־Ҫ٣޽䶼Ҫ飡
ͶӰҶȶʱһϢĸо
ͼͼƺͶӰѪڤ֮ǹ־ͶӰ̷ȥͶӰ͵ſ˫ۣӳ˫֣Ѫڤ֮ǹȥ
䣡
־ͶӰǿǰͼͼ赲˼ӣǣͼͼȻ䱬ֲƺܲ˶ԿͷŵֱѪڤ֮ǹںϣΪһǹһǹֱ̳ӻ˫ƣָ־ͶӰҲΪС
ᵽˣ
־ͶӰҶ֪޽ʱ֮ͼͼ޽ǿˮ׼ӡҶҧָһɾѪڴ޽֮С
䣡
޽֮Уұըըȥʮһжڳ
췣
ҶΪ󹦸֮ʱһɾ֮⣬Ӵ޽֮ͼͼ鼤ƺҪǿĵˣһɱ춯أҶȶܵڼˡ

ͼͼƺҲܵ޴սһʥƥеȻǻ֮⣬ʱһɻȼ֮ʧ˻֮С


113 ޲ǿ
ľա־ͶӰǿ󣬾ɾҲûΪҽҺдǧͼͼ飬ȻΡ
־ͶӰͼͼ鳹׺ɱ֮Ҷһ£ֱ亹ľ־ǰϣС
ڿʼ޽͸ˣ
Ĩɱһ֮Ҷɽ޽䣬һʱ䣬ΪΣΪ޽侹ȻҲǴ䣬һ䡣
ռжҶһʱҲ֪֮ߣռһƬɣ˫۸͸һɫʴ죬ڵѻûһҶʶģҶȾú֣޽֮УûһұȻ࣬ȴûҶ۾һı
һǴ޽ˣǰֹһö䣬ҪӦñЯôҲһʣؼǴ޽䣬һƳǣ˾޴ԺҾͲ䲻ˣ
ŽѴ޽֮бһ飬ţָö䱦ȫƵ޽䡣
ʱƷ࣬Ҷϲδ챦˴޽䱾ﶼһ㣬ͬȾ磬ǸС
ˡ
ڴ˿̣޵ͻȻһ캳صĺ֮ɽӣں޵޵ش
ˡ
Ҷ嫺޽䣬ʱ޻ڵҲۼһ˻Ϻشȥ
ں޵գһĻŵ̷Уȳţ춼ǣ˷ŵӼиÿ嶼յȷԱ룬ͬʱĻ뿪
ӣһͬշĻư硣
ֵ
޻ڵȴҵӣķ֮УеӷԽԽ࣬١ԭֵҲһ˵ǵõٺôҶȡ޻ڰȻǾԭ졣
ŵһʱ䣬ȷԱ󣬾޻ʶӷâڵ棬ڵȴӹ
ĻһعâγɵԲͨգգ۽أһ۸ۣͬʱʿԪҲӿڣħѹµ壬Ȼʣ泩
ħ㳡ƼʮӣеӶ˭ܳĵӣңٵΪ˹͵㣬ѴӺ޵õرһһɣܶ뿴֡
ÿһΰŽʱҲÿʱ̡
ִߵӣʼټÿӣʼͳƣħǡħʯа͹ϹرʯһһǳÿĿɿڴ
вٵӺ޵ʱƣԽԽ٣гԽ޵Ѱһκһӡ
ƵôӰǻƼӣƼҵˣȻһû
ҡңûлκһӶûзӦ
ʲô顭壬İٶλӣѵں޵򡭡
ִۻˣࡢ롢ҾȻһҲûִóٻƻ޷ӦȷΣȻûκηӦ
ΪһӶδţȥŪף˵ħ޷뿪
볤ִȥѰҪˣҪʬ

ࡢ롢ܳӣҲƺ޷ӦôӹͨûκζܳӡԺӾۼڳţҪŽ޵Ѱ
ҰÿλϷֱִ߽޵Ҫÿ䣬ʩչӦ󷨣
ʱ򣬰Ϊŷˣ֪жôأ壬壬Ҫνڣࡢơңÿһ壬ӵʥԺӣҪǴ¾ʥԺӣһʰǳţҲ޷
䡭
ڳʮλִҪ뿪ʱͻȻԶգһֲ粨ιڶ
ʥԺӣ
ħʮӣƣ̾׶Էʲôǿƣֻи߸ϵʥԺӲ
һƼҵӣһҪ
ֲâ£֮УƯһλ꣬Ųʮ꣬һͷںڳӦκϢǣȫռΪһ壬͸ͬڵʥܡ
ֵҲҪȥ̽
ȻλԱߵգѿһâѷУֻһƽƮȻԱλ곤а˷ͬ
ǻƼλʥԺӣһֵͬܣƼͳƼ𣡡
㳡·ľ
λ߸ϣӵо޴ͨİ۵ӣǻƼλʥԺӣƼͳƼֵͬܣŶʮӣֻһֵͬʥԺӣλǾţŴ档
ǻƼͳأƼɶأ˴ͻɣ꣡ȺУ˵Ϊ
ʮ۷׷֮ʣ߳һһܶʱɢʮӣһʵԻƼͳƼλֵܵͳǳҪȥ޵ɣʥԺûгǲģ
һƼҳ£ֵܶˣҪһͬȥ볤ΣֵܽǷҪȥɣƼ˿ȻΪܶ࣬һоͿɱƼ𣬵ǣƼȻһҲ°ʵ֡
ҲҪȥ̽ٶˣϢ޷Ӧһ·˴£
ڰΣ֮ʣͻȻһһһλʥԺƿնƱȻƼ𡢻ƼͳֵܻҪǿᡣ
ΨһʥԺӣʮңͷýɫȦ˫üâˡ
Ҳˡ
ǳڷ죬ϣһһɱȼصƣȻ
״ϣҵˣҲҪȥƯգԳţĿֱӿ
ɫƽü΢΢ۣˣǴʥԺԼ
ʥԺΣԼΣƼͳΪУΪߵǿߣأһԡ
Ź棬ȥȥǳǲȥģ˼ǰ󣬰Ȼ˿ӣ˵ǿᣬƽҲһ
ݣ
˵꣬ͻȻǰգȻһռУУѷ죬һɴѷֱӴ
䡭
˹Ȼ˺˿ռ䣬Ǹռǿߣ˫üһҴ⣬ͷһǿӭȥ
ұը𣬵棬ʮһöĤҪƵ˫ֱ飬еɵӣֱѪε
ǿ˭
ƼͳƼˣҲըƷǿɶءأһ𣬿ԿأھȻ˫ըƶⲻˣ˵Ϊ࣬ҡ
˲˰
ÿֲȫֵΣ˺ѿռ䣬Ҳ޷ˣڿռ֮н
Ҷס壬Ϣ˳ôǱ
˾ֱӶ԰֣ʲôˣϣҲҪֻбȴϵλõĻϲܶ԰֡
գʥԺҪȥ޵򣬰㣬ţĪҪ𣿡
ţʮӣŵǰһλӰշɳȻһλʮͷ꣬˷ŷ̶֬ɣ˻Ȼɡ
޲
ǿƣˣܲĵ˵֡
޲
޲أȻܿءһ֮ңͳΪϵǿﰡʥԺеľͷ
㳡һʱ䣬һ˽һ˵ľ̾ƾİ
޲ָ¶ɭɭһЦӣоҪµһ㣬ίʵ£ȻҶԴ϶֣һ㣬˭ҵǲֱӱɱŶܲˣˣң˭ҳ


114 λʥԺӵŭ
ΪţߵĴڣȻ޲ĨɱܣɶҲֱӽа壬ЩʥԺӣŰ˼
һĻҶȴпߣţߴڣʥԺžȻǶģ໥Լд
޲㣬ҲҪŹ棬Ҫ֪Źɭϡŵӵ棬Ȼɿڷ硣
״ϣɨǰѩʥԺֲָָ㣬ߣ
޲ȻȫѰŷֱӷУƼͳƼֵܽȥ
ַıǣЩֵܣ㣡
ʱ򣬸ʥԺӣһһճ֣λǿߣʥԺһЩӣΪڳ֮£ΪϣأʥԺӣǿΪأһҲռҪ볤սӱʥԺҪԿġ
ǣ޲ӳţŹ棬Ȼֱӽ޵žȻˡ
޲ھŸܵܣ˸ҺһжŪ޷죬޲һʱҲߣǻɵҵͷϣ֪Ǻµˣ
ҵӪУҶȹȻȺ֮УۣΧЩӣһȴࡢơҵʧĴ£ϾŽûôʧ٣ؼԼΪλǸˣ͸֡
޲ƼͳƼֵ֣ܳиʥԺӣֳһɱ֮
ǻãһҾҡҵӣڰ͵Ц༥ſϷ
вμ֣ӣʮˣڹ㳡ȺϷݣɾͻδںϷʣ룬ࡢơôӣʧӰ٣Ҷܺ档

޵ħ죬һ֮УѪȻԹ
һƬս֮µǱϿա
ϾϢƬռ䣬ط޷׷٣зӵϢﾭһս
֮У޲һץռһ¶ᣬֲĺѸϢ׷ȡ֮С
ǿǧа̺͡˷ӵ˵ѪǶǧаħ֮£ϾŵϢΪһ˿ʣҲˣܻʣѪ
Ҳһ˿ѪֻһֿܣϾʧͻȻʲôռ䣬ں޵򣡡
޵ֻǶռ䡭вŲӵа򣬵ΪûϾѪȥܻ˿ѵһֿռ䷨
øǧаͣգ޲Ҫ㾾ҵľŵܡ
޲ˣ˫۳Ѫ˿ŭ֮ú޵ڲһӣһߣ˲ʼѰħаټ
˿̣һƬϿգ롢ʧĵط
Ƽ𡢻Ƽͳˣ̾գγΣԶ˫֣˫ƣһɹǿ˸Ӧأһ޴Ĺâɢ
һ졭죡
ȻϢ
ͻȻ˫ƣվۼ·һ𾪣ңٶ˵ӣȫ
ֲǶħ򣬻򣡡Ƽһɻ˫˸žϤһС
ƼͳŵӦǶħΪǵʮأʮز޳ӣûȻҲǳϣʥԺӡ
֣ڻܶԡ
Ϊ侲֪˵ûУһʱһֲǧа˰λϣ
£Ҳжţţλǧħͷʮһͨ󶼳˿ͷңҲûնɱǧаͣ˼飬԰ΪԶԿаͣ
ֻ֪һ֪ڰ֮ǰλǧаħͷȻ׷һλ۵Ժӣ
ʲô
Ƽͳһں˫ۣһ˼飺޷ԸħͷȻ׷һԺӣ˵磬͵ٶȣҲɰ
һԺӣô죿˭һĸţ岢δμӣţֻſܣƼŵ
ٶ̫죬˿ģλ˵زȻаģд˿˿϶λаħͷڴɱҵӣУʱǸԺҲҵӣһ𿰱ǧħͷһӵɵȴԺӵ߽һܾʲô
Ϣܾȣÿ仰ÿ֣ƽȣûκ飬ŷ𣬰һж͸һ㡣
Ĭһ𣬻ƼȻ˵ʵ޷ʲôֻ뻤ϲϣ磬ʩչ򣬰Ƭռ֮ȥ뻤ϰ㣡
һֱ̻ţʥԺβʥԺ볤֮Ĺڣ֮£ϻȫԸжߣãʩչȫոռ䣡
˵꣬˫һ֣һɹֱٲ£أնɱκǧаħͷҲԶԿͨа͡
˾غһʺ磬ɢ߲ʹĻ̰ռ֣ȡռøɸɾ
˭أȻصʵ
һֲħӰһһ޴ĺסӴħӰӺ֮ӳƯϿյ޲һץһɸӿֲħӰ
õħа
ħаھ֮ʹţһιСʮ࣬ǱǾסš
˭ħɱʱջᱻնɱǰãǿ֮ɱٶˣѵˣ֮УǵľѪȻô׷ٵ㣡
޲䣬ڿУգѺ޵ħȫᣬԲһȫǺռ䡣
ħаž̾ԭҵǿߣڱħɱ֮ǰȷʵ˵һλǿ߻ΪǱû뵽㣡
Ȼ֪ңʵѵʱһУʵȻܳյ޲ǿԵĺȵ
СӣΪħ̰֮ʲô¾ʹħȫ壡
޲ǿƣħаȻһģ
ҲԸҪҲҪС磬㣬ҽأ׽㣬޲ɣһͣ򣬿ǿõģ
С硭
ħаŵûħƺҪӺڶ޲һץһУͰѺħаؿռ֮С
һ˿Ѫ꣬Ȼħ֮У桭ѵʩչ˲ħ˳Ȼٱɱӿʮأʵһһز࣬ͬȾ֣ɱ˭
˭ҶҪҵ㣬ħаȡ䣬ҵһ˿˿
޲ϸܣץסһл֮Уա
¡
ħ壬ͻȻһɱ֮ӳţƼ𡢻Ƽͳ޲ˢˢɳÿˣơ
Ѳٶӣȫں޵֮УߣпܾβμӰеһλ
޲Ŀɨӹ㳡ǿֲ˲
Ҳߣ˭Ƕ׷鵽ףҳˣ˭׷ĺǣҲҪȡ֮ͷ
ɱڵ˵ÿһ֣ǣΪ͵ĵӣһһε棬Ҳͬŵķϣһ仰һ֣ɱòٵ˺
ಣ
λǿʥԺӣʮӣţִߣڷߡ
ࡢ롢ҼٸӣѵǱɱģ
һ̣㳡
ȷʵСʥԺӣҲ鵽ͷϣҲףǸղžͲˣҵʱ䲢࣡
ȺУҶɫأ֪²ʱ䣬ʣ࣬һ޲˲ߣ֮ĺǣҪ׷ɱա


115 ನ
ΰٵӱֳڣ׳졢սɲġ˾ϽɸƷ֮࣬ΪɫǽͨѡֱӲμӰɴȣɴȣֻڴмӣܱӣһ½ɣ
޲ʥԺӴ֮󣬹㳡ãִ߲żͳƣԼǽ֮һв
ţڹɼһеľţɲЩӣһֻеɵͽ׾磬ȴԽնɱ߽׵һնɱϰаͣǶø෨
һӣġصӣɱʮаͣ߰˾صӣпɱаͣЩ½ţȻܱȼܳӣô졣
԰ɲΪžȻһٶˣһ֮Уû塣
ţõŵһվڸ̨֮ϣʮӣÿĿ߰Ȼѷ·ӣϡ
ţʲôţδϣ
ôܸǱȼ磬ţǴģҿңӣ

ʱھΧټӣΪҶҲϰ񣬵ǣֶû֣һʱ䣬ּЦ纣Хһ
ңҵҲָָ㣬ǾԭˣŹκδѹҶȻᣬͷЦ
Щˡ޻ںһס죬֪Ҷ뷨ȥ˵
ս㲻˵˲ôȻδϣ
˿̣ϯ̨ϣһλţսߣ·ʵ
սҲһɻʱǼҶȳ֣оҶ˷ǳΣգز¶ΣȴЩͷԡ
ΰ˽λϸӣϣ°꣬úУɴһչɣ
ȷһУǰߺţҵӣʼͷɢȥħͷӿ֮
λϣȴۼһƺҪ£ء
·塣
űȣԭҲμӣҪСЩرСˣ޻Ҷ˷׷ɢȥ
Ҷȵģ޻棬лǺοҶָһ㣬űֻ£⼸¶˵ָű֮ǰֻдűչ
˽ҵ񣬾ǳΪűȴŲμӱȻΣС磬ȡһ
ͷͻ᰷ڣһͷϹžޣöҪǵ˺Ƥһ죬Ҳû취౱ʱ䣬ꡭֻҪͻƵءأɣҲǰ
ҶƲһֻڳ˼ϸ롣
Ҫȥ棬µĴƷ޻ڵãδҶ𻰣һڣ빬
ȥһĻ壬֪ؼҡ׼ûȥ£ǰ׼ңնɱ˰ۣ׼һŹҶң
Ҷ֮ǰϢȻٷĻ塣
Ļ壬ʱֵ磬ɽȣҶʮλӣȴӭ˿ˣԪأһ̸úأɽΧһ˫۾ڰжɽһһ
ҹȻҶϵү֮Ѳϵؼҡ׼ͨͨǷһЩɶ޷ƷЩϣȻɣɶ񡭡
һ۵ߣȻɳԣ񰵳ΪҪάҶң

ʱͻȻһĨϯ߳죬üͷһͷ麹ľսתȻϺ
ԭҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬹Ȱ
ƺϳҶݣʩչȫһȥǣҶȷһץ԰סߣ߾ߣôף
䣡
߱һǿס޷Ӧһ˫֣ҶָֻһָɣĻɽ׹䡣
˭
ɽϿգһҶһͬɽ·Ǳ׹䣬ʱҶ˲ŷֲףԪҲʮˣѸոˤڵϵߣΧס
׺죡
ԪһϳݣѿڶܣΪ֮һɱڣѾҶһ㲻Ҷȳаգô׳ɱˡ
׺󷽷֧ӣǱ͸ţȻ֪Ϸ򣬻ϷߣȻ׼ңֻ·һ
ģˣҧˣ׼ҵˣҵĳˣһУ
ʱҶȻ½Ϊһ壬Ե˫ͫڤڤ֮͸ޱǿ
Ҷ̧ͷһϲֵܣڻˣ㣬ǻֲһΪҪҵȣ׾٣
ܣ㲻ǾԪ˼ĴҶȣоȫҶΪֻһɸо¶ͬʱҲȻʲôһ𾪡
磬ãﲻ棬˵ܲ㣬ҾǾ֪ˡ
Ҷ֮󣬳ԪءҶ˱ȭʩȻ׺죬ŵð׺ŵŵźڰ׼ҵλҲ֪ͣģ˵Ҫ֪ǰ׼Ҷʲô
ʲôõģάҶҡңǾǰ׼ҵˣԺǰ׼ҪԾңǼȮ׺켸Ϊֻ֪·һкλ˵
˵
ͻȻ֮䣬һħҶðһ֣ס׺죬ħӿ塣
׺Ҳһһڣħ壬Ҳħ̣ʹ
ȻͷħԪءҶ˼ҶֶΣħѹ͸ƺҪħĨɱ־
˵˵׺ۿҪΪħʱ˫´һ䣬͸Źħ˫ֱ
ҶȻջ֣һħǲס׺졣
׺΢΢ùЩӻڴҶ춼ɱҰ׼үݻɱ׼ˣԺҶҶҾʧ٣Ҷȴ˱ɱһɳҰ׼ͷ󻼣Ҷϵˣֻڵӣұ㸺ලҶңֲ˿ͰҶҵӣȫĨɱһҶйˣңҲҪ𣡡
Ҷɫûж仯ƺϵһУʵ㣬׼һֱڰʹؼڳƳǴѹҶңǲǾҶһᷢչǧǰǸ½壿
Ȼ֪㲻Ҷҵˣ㵽׺ҶʲôϵΪҪάҶңһ̣׺ٴη˫ۺѪһֻѪ
˰׺⣬һŷƣʵһ⣬ǰ׼ǲǺءϣԸҶң
ϣ
׺ͲмЦһҶңֵð׼ôҶҾͳһҶȶѣʲôؼңֻʱסס壬׼ңֻһĿŹ׼ҪɱһСָɣ
ž
ڰ׺˵һ֣Ҷָһһ䴩˰׺üģһȭͷѪ
ţһץѵﶴǳаĶ죬Ҷֱ壬һ֣һֲ׺ʬ壬ʱΪҽʲôҲû£һˣգ۾ͻΪ˳ʧ
׼ҡȻҪҶ֣ƺᣬ˳֮УԪ䶯£һ㵵̾
Ԫ磬ø˾˴ϢңټҰߣ׼Ұ֮һ죬ҪɱһежңҶҲһصطʼзչ
Ҷһ˵һʩչ׹ǹΪģ˸оЩ˵ɵ㣬ϾҶԼˣǸȻҶȣܾñŤŵ´ƣһСҪ̲ǲ⣬˶ãκҪҵĵˣǰ׼һţҶҪͳͳһ

˸оһ̣ÿ˶ܵҶǹ
磬ǰں޵ǲ־ȵǣʱ׳ŵӣҶʵˣˡ
ţǴθպ·ôɣǱаͿܰΧһж⣡Ҷû壬ֱӵͷϡ
ֵܣ
ʱһ˷֮ɽɢ
Ҵ磬Ҳʶһ£
ʱһ󼤶ܣҶ˵ˣ˷·ţǺ޵λ۸˾֮񣬶κˣ쳣Сġ
ȻѾɹһأ֮Ҷ˸ӵȻһһʶ


116 ǧ
磬ҪȻɽһˣͻȥЩҪ
һ֮ҶĻеͷҶֿԪãԾɽȥ£ǺúʲôҪܸ˵
ҪٵҩһƷʺõķ
˭֪ҶȻѿڣСŮֱſڣҪ
Ҷһ㶣Ӵ޽óٵҩأԪնɱ˷֮Уҳʺ˵ķ˲ǵһأҶЩɶǵصʮǿʹõģŸպúʡ
磬ˣɽǱ𶯣ǻȥ
ҶʮλˣǰǶҶȶȴʼǰͷڣҶȴԶǡ
ǿʵҶ˵ҲȻǷһץʮȡѪ¯
Ȼ޵ֵܣ˲ãţ֮УֻһͨĺҲֻһˣ˫ۣŵĿҶʮˣȻƾʧ
ôԴ壬ʶһ۾ͿҶǷɰֻ޵򣬲ſԵռ䣬ǿߣɿա
ҶԪҲһ֮࣬жҶȵĿ꣬нž¶
Ҷȷ˲ٱˣȻתʧֻһϸϸۣϸģ
ֵΪԽĸ߲ʰ
ˣգһֻҶǷ׵ֶγ֮С

ƳǣǱʥԺ
ʥԺƻòģΧǽҲʥԺƽأһƬ档
Ҷһƣ뿪ƳǣҶҵ̣ءұѪϴκҶйصˣȫɱҶһзҲһһռһֻûסʥԺҲ̤
ȻҶҳڳƳʧƣǣκμ嶼ҰռҶκμҲ뷨ûУΪһˣҶȡ
Ҷɱءǧ˵¼Ѿ˲֪ǰãֵ÷з춼ѪҶΪҶǿƣ׼үɱ˭ٵҶңءȻ˳ƳǾͷ˭£˯
Ȼӡ
ҶȲ֪ʲôʱʲôʽʥԺǰָģһȥǼе¡ׯϵʥԺһƬ档
ʥԺ̤棬˸ҰݴУ浽ǵķʯԼƬһƬ
ŶûȴҲƵòӣ
ǰҶ쳣ƽܵһϤϢؿ΢΢ȣ⿪죬ؿǾͼڣȻ˸ɫҫ
ȶʯУϽջأһ׼ҷ֣£֮أ
ʱòĺ壬ͻȻ˵
ã
ҶȴһǰףɲƬˣ¶죬ڷҶ̨˷գһʣֻһЩƬҶչֻҪľʣҽû¡
ʯ񣡡
һƬҶڿƵĺʯ񣬶ңؿǹȣԽḶ́ƺʯͼܹ
䣡
һӣһ΢磬Ƭɣ䴦ʯѾڣǴպµĺۼ
ǧ갡ǧ꣡ʱ򣬺̾һ裬顣
𣡡
ܵǿҶȲٵ飬һץһ֮ʯץȥһʯ񻺻Ҷȷ
һ£Ҷüͷһֻзڴ޽ȫѪ¯򻹲ȫǿߣʱƣ޽˷ɾҲߣ
ȶ㾹Ȼõһö˿ռ䣬治ˣһЩʱղʵǿˣԺο
ҶͷŴ޽磬ʱͷһޱǿѺʯҶŴ޽䣬źʯ޽ǰǣ޽Ȼ޷Ѻʯ룬෴ʯ˿͸Ź֮
޽Ŀռ䣬ҶȾͲаһͨʯҶע޽ͷǿԵâźʯ񣬴ݿ롣
ˡ
˴Ĵ޽䣬Ȼ޷ȡʯ񣬾ʱʯͻȻ˵һ𶯡
Ҷȴ󾪣һ˼ؿʯ񣺡ô£
ꡭ
һ󾪺ȵôܣҷѾʮѪʯʩչ˽ɾǿ磬ΪԶƽ⣿
ʯ񱬷֮Ҷȿʯ֣ţһͨСʯƬ֮Уһһ䣬ָоѱ䣬ÿһƬأʯ֮УɢһɰϢ
ʯ񱻹һӼƬǲ˿һ䣬棬Ų˼Ϣ
塭⡢ʯ֮УȻں޵ǹ֮УӦϢưǡ
Ҷȷһʯ쾪Ļʯ֮УǺǰãں޵֮гֵĹУʯһϢ˼䡣
ϧ已̥Ͳɲ˸߼

ԺֺƮ֮𣺡ӵնɱ߽ɵʵٰһиģҲΪã˭֪ڳֱ仯ʼδвʮķӡѪȶ岻Ǹ˵𣬺嵱걻ڸնɱѾȡ
ţʯ֮УôϢĪǡʯ֮Уӡһʬ壡ҶȲ˫ȷ˲ӺǷ֪ʲô
˵ʯ֮Уӡһʬ壬ʬ壬ҲҶԭڣ
ǧܣҶԺҶȣƬʯǧǰҶңǴ½ףͳην߸ϣڵİ׼ңҪǿʱţҶҵӣʮʥԺӣΪţһӴκμ嶼޷⣬ǳţΪҶҿһֱ״½ǣҶҹʵۣҵ׸磬ȴžıԭ֮ԲҶңҶҳΪ½ȨһĿġ
ûа׳Ե͡Ҷϸϸôһ˵Ѫȡ
һһʮ渵ƭˣƭм壬˼佨۹ңΪȡ˵һ֮߸ϣܵͷףʵ·˵۳޵ÿһʵ۵ųϰȡȡôǾȻ졮νʵʬ壬ٻ꣬ˣ˸һ̣־ţ־ȡޣ
־ȡޡ
һ쾪װĻҶȴˣҶˣתޣ˼飬һССϡ
ʲôһʿٶ޷ԸǶĸ߼˸˵˵ޱȸ߼ĴڣԽѾȫݵ͵λ棬߼λƽУһɹǶߣʵˡ
ֹţλ涼ڰ£찡ҪǱ֪Ҫõɳ͵ģһõʬ壬һ߾ʯ֮УҶģһ壬֮Уô꣬һֻѰʬ壡
壬Ҫʬ壬쳬ųΪ᰷ŴɣҶ棬ΪŵӣҶҵʱҲƿ½ǿ󣬵ǿΪҪðҶΪۣȡ壡
Ϊٻ־ҪޱȣΪۣҶһʵ棬ΪĶ󣬾ʹҶңҶҵˣͺǿ󣬶һߣڻҶҵˣ˰ҵĺû˴ˣûˣԶҶһû䣬ûɵͼķˣūûˣҲϢʧҶҾͻ󰡣˻ѷμ˵
ˣһ壬һϣ˵δҶңʵڻҶңҶҶӾ
֨һ̣ҶȺ죬˫ȭ߬໥Ħ֨֨
ȡһˣ޳ܵĵΪҶңҶҲֻл³磬ڳзʱ򣬷ȡһ˿
˿̣ҶһֱΪĴܣһ̣ڸˮ棬һжУȻʯ쾪ܡ


117 
֨֨
ʯڻƬһ飬һ룬֮ǹ⣬غɳ
꣬Ҷ֪Ϣ֮ұǱС磬еȡ壬ǣСӵг֮⣬ǿĻϣ޵ǰһ֮սλϣڲѪռ֮£ŴС磬Ȼҵһܿռ䣬ʼӡ壬ʮ꣬ɷӡѷӡˣٴγ½ѾȼսҶңһʱ䣬԰׼ҡΪַǿƷͳΣٲȫ׼նɱͷʳǣҶһ·һ·һŭڣɱţΪľǱ𣬽šֺɱ
Ѫյ˵ÿһ֣̹ģ֮УǷŭҶȴǧ֮ǰǳս档
Ҷŭ죬߬ȭͷѪڣ˺ѿռƣȻжŹ
Ѫɺӣ»Ұ۾ǧһҹ׼ȡ׼ҲΪһļ壬׼ҶһǱõĿ棬ʼնΪ£ȶҶ棬ַҪƿأΪҶҺ룬Ҳ룬ҲһλţҫҶңƷΪҶҸ𣡡
ĳ˵˵һ仰بƺ˵ҶԸиϣ֮ˡ
壬˼ںϣ壬޵ͨ
ֻƬҶȱ㶮ú˼ܾ㵣壬ǿ߿ֲҲĪĨɱ־תޣҲ⵹ףҪռѵҪѧ
Ҷҡҡͷ壬壬Ҳа
ȶ޾ԣĺɣ˳ưݣֻ֣½̫Сûҵ취ѣţһܳԽ˵޵ͨ
оҶЩɥ̹衣
壬죬ƻտ֪һлᣬȶںϣȻΪҶ汨ѩޣ
Ҷ˵üģȻüͷһ̾ˣ壬᰷ҽС͵һĪǾʣǾ壿
пܣ᰷һޣҪĨɱţǾϺ֮ȴ뾡취Ҷ᰷˼ɵһԭӦǾ壡ͬĵ
һԭ򣿺˼ѵ֮Уʲô᰷ڼɵ𣿡Ҷ̸оԣһתǼæʵ
ʬ壬һپǧУһںϣǳԽɾߴڣĺλ棬ɶܸ壬ţɳɹǻûгưأһʲôԭɣ
ͣƬ̣ƺڳ˼һż˵ţʵ᰷ڸӼɵ᰷ڱǱ֮һܾþ½ȨһһŻ⣬Ǿ
桭
˵꣬ҶԺðһе֡
ǧǰŽ֮λˣΪܳţָһ㣬Ҳǧ꣬޵ʮ߾һͿƺ쳾ຣɣǧ꣬ȶҲʱܳǶ˵ȴǳ̣֮һأͻƶأߣֻðʱ䣬Ӷͻأͻʱ䣬صأǸǧʱ䣬صأǧ갡صʮ߾Ҫʱ䣬˵Уɲ֮ľ磬ԶţɾҲ̥ѣӵ̥已̥
һדּλ߽ɣҲ޷ʮشֿɼֻ̧ͷӡ
ⷬҶȺܲ⣬üʵʮأ᰷ڣ˵ʮشܣ࣬ɾͷŶв٣Ҫɱ棬һ𣬾ָܵɱ棬᰷ǰСĺܣ
ʵԶԶԽ˵ʮأţԿɾǿߣ᰷ڣҲҪСĽң᰷ڿ϶ǵں壬ʵ֮ǰӿ᰷ֲһʱĪʵҲһֱδŶֵԭ棬ɾʱնɱĺҲָλҪμӱᣬʵȴиӿֲ³ȣôͻȻȥðգ
ɾ棬ʲôһ̣ҶһѪ壬дǧͼͼ飬ҲɾõĴǧͼ޵ɸ߽ףпܽ֡
߲ʣ˸߸ϣίʵ£ǧ
ȶʣδδţ治ãڵɶأնɱʮأӵԶԿһǿߣȫնɱһأԽʮնɱˣţҲȲϣһأҪСĶԸ壬Ӧøģʲô棬᰷ڣҪԽĺȥõλ棡
һɿҶȣ壬ûһǿᣬǣڤڤ֮УһɷǳǿؿǾͼڣ֮УһΣ廨˺ܶʱ䣬ûҳܡ
壬ҪԳˣһ޷޽䣬ô죿Ҷȸо֨֨϶һѾ¶˽ʥ壬ֻǹâ̫ۣʵڿģ
һʱʵڲУֻкٴγ֣ȫʱӡһܵص㣬պΪ
ˣ
һ̣ƬڵأңʥâҲҶ鲻Խǰ˾ȻǸֻʮ߰꣬Ȼᣬһݵÿһ缡ÿһֶǾϸĶɣ˿ɹâ㼯ɡ
ദȻһĿĵȭͷѪһ࣬ʹʧȥڷ
ʲôˣȻһж࣬ɱһˣˣǿţֲһָͿԻλ档
ȶԿɲ壬屩¶̫ã»ᱻϷ֣ʱ·ӣ
ҶȱʱԺĶ

ͷŴ޽һʥ壬Ȼ˿ƾҶȳԶٱ飬һ
꣬ŵĳϣ԰봢䣬ôˣ循̾һɻ󲻽⡣
Ī屾⣿
Ҷɢȥ޽˿ռ䶼޷壬ʵЩ˵ȥҶȺ£塣
ಣ
ڴ˿̣ҶȾֻвһ׾ʱҶؿڱһͶӰֱӳ塣
Ҷȷһ̣Լ޷ӦֻϰеֱͬʱоѺҲˣ̾ǣ
ƾͶӰȻںϣ罭ӻһҲһͬĻƽâͶӰںһγһɹĻ͸ڻƽĻ֮Уţ˼һĻˡ
ƽâȻʼʳ壬ֽſʼָڻƽĻ£Ϊ̳ŴֱۡСŵȣͷҲûֻ̳ʣš
ҵ죬岻ܾô׻ˡ屻ƽĻиΪ̳ҶƵʣʹֿЦá
֨֨
ĲλҲΪ˳̣ǣһĨʥĻƽâȴ£ɢĿâ
ǣ
ҶȱһȭͷСĻƽâ̵ۣû뵽廯Ϊҽ֮УȻ̺Ĥݡе
ŻƽâʥޱȣԪ֮е޽ϢͷŵҪʥ򣬷ŷأŷãֻãʥԾһе
Ҷָо޽䡢ǧͼͼ顢Լ㾧Щ˼ĴڵŻƽâ³Ҫʧ
ʱ򣬻ƽâҶȵɴ۾Ź֮еʲôȻʥâʧ󣬿У廯Ϊ̳ĵطȻһöʶĻƽָ
Ҷ׳ŵӣ֣ѻƽָģϸһƽָ֮ϣȻҲоͼڣƽָǾƽ̾ɡ
ֻһۣҶȾ͸оƽָ£ƽ͸һ˸׳ƳǾƺʱҪһ
û뵽ôᣬһûУ
ҶȻûκǣֲʲôûУоȻɣΪһ壬ǽָָǳ
ᴵһҶȾãͻѾָߣǣָָһشڵʸУĪ⡣


118 ʵŵ
ƽ両ģûκιƺһ壬Сȴ͸ΰ
ԭö䡭壬Ȼھ£Ϊ촷ۣѵöӵгԽ˵
յķ磬Ҷںڳڿ΢΢𣬱ȻҶĸ꣬öʬ֮УĪ˷ȫϢͬ˵ΰܱȼ磬һ߼ãһǵͼλ棬֮
ողŪʯ֮Уǲһ壬ҶԭŪһУΪ鵽Բǣ徹ȻʧһֻѰҵҶģھâ£廯Ϊ촷ۣꡣ
һֻ壬ڣĪʧˣʣ¸ľ䡣
ȻöѾΪˣҶȳ죬ؿھͼȫϢͬ˵ھͼڳҶǿ̣ѾѡҶΪˡ
꣬õ䣬ʧȥõ塣
Ҷһֱٻ壬ʲôҲûУھһ̣Ͳ˵
ݡ
Ҷȳ֮ʱҪһУɾʱ򣬾罣ֱ̳ӷҶţʧҶŴͲ˼飬о侹ȻϷͷһǿԵסǣȻ
ţһϤ֮УȻһлΪƽҶȴ֣ܵ䱣ɸ߽ףҲɱ
ڣҶȵı汣ֱ飬㱣ɡҶͻȻһսɵǿ󣬶ң֪ΪΣҶȸо֮У͸һŵϢ
ҶУδһЩ仯Ȼģһüÿһ缸ë׶͸һƮݡɣǵƣͿöʧɥ¹򳼷
һлָȻҶȿĿĵʥԺвζΪȴ޴ꡣ
ȶղŷʲôˣںδ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱͻȻ
ҶȴϲŪǰѾ־һֲظߺ塣
ô嵱һΣϼͶӰȴû˵ľ䣡
Ĭãſ˵Ҳһͷˮ˼ǰҲȻǰʧ־䣬һжڤڤ֮עģȻںϣһ֣ӰǿܣȶӴԺ󣬺Ͱﲻ㣬ԺÿһҪԼ
塭
ĪʧӿͷҶ󣬲ζҲûʣĸܣȫףоʧҶɲǷȥ
ɲǣɽ
ҶȻʱҶ٣ְҶҵһȫ֮Щ˲ҶҼҶȰ£׷̤ɣʮλ֣Ҷҡ
һƬ֮УҶ븸ĸ棬ĸܽҸҶȺοҶԶһƺǸոսɵ¥ɽѾһСǡ
ڰ׼ҼıǼеӣȲѣҰ涼ֻ硭ҶȰĻһУ˵ҶԶ
ҶԶŭȴΣ˭ð׼ǿƣȶպҪСЩעȫ
ģˣӽԺǼ壬Բٿɫϣһķʮ˵ãɣҰķԺ
һĨâҶɢҶһӣâһ£ҶԶüģҶԶɫʱ𾪱Ϊϲżۺˮ
½ֻɱ֯š᰷ڲķû뵽ҶҴӴ˲ٿɫҶһΪһҶԶ֪ķҪԣӴ˿̿ʼҶӵܣٲöűڣҶҽֵɡɣҲпܡ
ű֮󣬺ڼڣĴѰҸ鱦ҩҶڶ̶ʱ䣬ӵɣ
ţҶְɼ׽ҶԶĨȥеķӡҶԶںϣţѲٷͳͳҶԶ
޽֮еƷȫ˲ſʹã̺ķҲǳУӷķ˸߼֮࣬ҲԵѧ
ɼ治öͿԴ߶ñҶԶõɼף壬һӣƬɼ׶ʱɳͷŰԵâ
ҶȰѼеõķҶԶ֮УֻкͶɷǧͼ󷨱ÿһϧǴǧͼͼ飬ҪܵõǧͼҶȾͿݺλ档
󷨱㾧;ҲȻǷȷ棬㾧Ǵ½һںϣ½ڻأ֪Ƿʲô
ɼ׶Ҷ˵ûκãҶǿǲѪѪڤ֮ǹѪڤ֮ǹâ졣
ķУҪǿ󣬿ţҪĵҩÿˣʱͻƣȱľǵҩ˺ͶͲҲ֪ûΪҴ䣬ھ͸ѣҪǲϣѰ·
ҶԶ˷ܶȥҶȼɽһƬڣÿ϶ҸЦݣҶҲΪ㣬ȥĶѨˡѶϢ
ˡ
ҶʱƺȻ˶óһԭУҶȲŵ֪մӱϢ¸ʱȺҶȡ
˵ʶȤȻɶأӤ֮£ֻܽ⿪
ҶȰˣȻϢǱǷ½Ҳ֣½ֻǸСôӵ⣬ɸγɣڲͬղͬγɿԷһе
űȽұȥˣһҪ׳壡պƣҶȿʼޣҶԶ棬ָС

һľϿȣɽ֮УƻµϿȣƻ⻷ϿֺϷϿȳ
֣
ɭһ⣬ȻҶȴҷʱҶȣָ˱ģڲеľǾ
һʱ䲻Ȼͻ˵ɶأһ籩ҶȣŴһ˼飬ʲôʿչĿ࿴˼
ʵһֱڰй۲ҶŶÿ½ԽԽ֮ʱ֪뱨һ
ҶȴȻҲͻ˵ɶأǼеĽһץӰһâзɳ
ſң
һڲݵϣҶúɷȡ֮󣬲ûɱˣǽںɷһƬռڣΪľǽ콻á
ЦǣһԵľΪǵҵҶȱ仯ľǲ֪˾ǵǸʱץסǵľվһԵҶȡ
Ҳˣ˭Ҷӵ׹ǹֻڲѪ״̬£ſԼ棬һɣʩչ׹ǹҲֻƭͬȾ֮ˣڸ߽ǿǰΡ
֣Ӧ£Ѿ졢㴦ãҪɱҪУ㣬ܷŹǣ޲Ѿ뾡취ҳҵټҶָŵˣԾ˵
Ҷ֣ҾǷ飡
ҶȱȭʩûҶȣһӣ뱨ҲǳΣһĨѡ
㾭֪ͬ˺ĸоҶһĸо
ҲҪˣһ·ҶԣҪɱңҪɱң
챻סͷģģǰǸĿŰҾŹӡ
㣿죬˴ʱ㻹ˣۣ޲ɣ
һۿıˣۣͻȻſָͷ­ץȥһذͷ­ժ£黹ʧȥһᣬû
ԴһǰŮˣĲѣˣǴС÷һͬҴ㲻׳󣬰ȹΣ㾹Ȼңӳǽ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣡
Ŀž˿̣쳣ɱҰɣܸģˣ˵ģ춼ңһҹ㣡
͡
һַۣ׽Ĳӣ˲ƺܣѪ䣬һѪ֮С
䣡
ҶȻһĨһ֮ʬ֮Уúɷ𳹵׷գһ˿ۼ


119 Ѫڤ
֣ӴԺҶңΪͶ飬Ŷ˵ûжսѾҵˣҪţҪ˶ã
졢ַ󣬾һֱţҶȵã˵
ңҲԣԹŮѵõ񱨣˵ʲô壬ʲôɣṇ֮̀󣬾֮أ
ȥήҲƺΪڣûжҲԵν
֣Ҫѵ㲻뿴Ʒţ𣿡Ϊ˹ҶȰѵõķƵҩܣͳͳ߾
ģ
ȫ𾪣Ҷȵһû뵽ǰԼСˣȻ뽨һɣһʵڲ˼顣
ݲңҲݲȥţ֮󣬳һսģƷţһɵɣ½Ϊһд½񱱺½һ
ңҪ߳½ΪλָĴɣĺ˭֪½
Ҷһɿ׳ѿڶÿһ仰ÿһ֣þ޷侲
ҲڻãԺ͸һ֤ͬʱٰɣ
Ź˺ģһ֪ű׶ˣǣǰֶΣݲɳӣκεˣҪ
Ѿҵ֣Ҫʲôҵд󷨡ȵͳͳУҲҾȸǡ
Ҷһ仰ŷȥʧӰ١
Ʒţɣɣң׼Щͷųưԣ֪Ӻٵӡ
˱Ӱǡ

ڰѼ°źãպ󣬾ҳֲ⣬ûңҲһչȥӴԺ޺֮ǣعλޱߣ˭ҷâ
ٳʧգҶʩչ׹ǹٴα仯ΪģԽԽ
޲ƼͳƼа󡭡ЩˣϹžޣһָͿ죬ҵĵˣôֲĴڡ棬һ˺Ƥҵĵ֮УΪǿ˵޵ɾΪ½һصһλɾǿߣίʵ£
壬Ůһأҽſ꣬ȻδŮ˶²ѣܳӣҲ̸ɫ䣬֪Ůжǿ󣬴ǵأҸһ磬أѾоֶΡ
ԽԽĻ壬ʱСвٵӣҶȳ֣һһ㿪˭֪Ŵʲô
Ҷȼٷ֮Уȴһֱüչǰնɱࡢơвֻʱ鷳ҲΪ鷳ҪǱʥԺӲҶֻķݡ
֮Ҷȿ϶Ҫնɱ׼ңţʱԵĵˣͲࡢơң½ǿĴڣǧɣһλͻɾǿ档
ĸˣ޾ܣôöԸġ
ӣνһ·ı΢һע⣬ͿܷǣڣǶҶĿУҲҶ̤ԿսĿʼ
Ļ壡
ֵܣⶼʱˣŻ
ҶȷĻʱҶͽӵҶ֪ͨɽ¥ϷӭҶȣҶȰ˸ˡ
磬ѾݲҶңȥңܲһͬɽҲԸ⣬һȻȥڼһжźãҲУúܶ࣡һ֮¥ϣҶֱӰѼ巢£˵Ҷ
Ҷ󣬸ˣãȥңһᾡ˵ǵģ˵꣬Ҷɽȥ
ʣҶ˼һ󣬱Խ¥
ţɽ֮Уһϰɽɵľ޴ɽΪ춼壬ǰ׼ʥԺƹɽ塣
춼׼λʥԺ֮һΪʵǿдϰڰά׼λʥԺӣνҪ÷磬Ҫꡣ
׺졭ʧȥϵнˣѾ˶֣
ȥĻ壬ĻҶҵӣƣ׺ھС
һɽ幬ڣʮλ׼ҵÿ˶ɢǿɱ⡣
άҶң֪Ҷ׼ҹڣǣɱҰ׼ҵӣ͵һ˱
ѵǲ֪ʵڵһضԿأڰ֮ͻƵɶأеɰʵ
ֻҼ˳֣նɱ»ϾǾֿȵܵµʥԺӱӻһ⶯֣ʥԺŭһȥݼ춼棬ֻҪͷնɱǾҲ壡
λ׼ҽܳӣһҶȵѪɱƻ
Ļ壬һȴľ¥Ժ֮С
Ҷڲݵϣۣ˫ַֻԪ룬ﶴһɢǳҫ
Ҷ棬˸ŵ̫ͬĹ⻷дԪгԾʥ⣬ֹâںһ壬Ҷȼâҫڣ˾ͬڡ
ɾ磬ȻɲᲢۣһͻʮأ꣬һصأҾͻһ꣬ڴڵɶ۷壬ȴû˿ͻƵĸоһ̲ˮ治֪ʲôʱٴͻƣ
ۿűȾҪڼºУҶȴڴ˱չһ£ʵߣǾ絹˿û
£ǲͻƵأֻܰķ͸֮ϣʣ¾һЩȡƵ£
ţҶȿʼѪ¯ͼͼӿ쾻㾧񣬵ǣ㾧񾻻£ֻǧ֮һħҪȫ㾧񣬻Ҫͷ
Ҷȿʼ򣬲Ӻɷóħǣ򣬲ʼ๥󷨣һ󷨣֮о޵Уֻ·һ
һ졢졭¹ȥűȣ¡
󷨵߲٣ӳӡˣͻƵɶأԿѪڤ֮ǹܲܽ
ĹѪڤ֮ǹҶ˵ҪȻýûҶȼζ޷˳߳չء
߾ķѪڤ֮ǹԲѪ壬ճƶϣ֮ӦҲ΢΢仯ǡ
Ȼһ׹
ķ֮ҶȹȻгµĹţһѪڤ֮ǹķ
ϸһµѪڤ֮ǹһΪѪڤ񡱵ǹ
ѪڤѪڤ֮ǹ̬Ҫ̬ǹ壬ǹ·һѪڤ֮ǹٶȣƻѪڤ֮ǹ̬Ѫڤ
һǹ̳糤гڤոаħ
ͣ
ҶȲʼѪڤ񣬷һץѪڤ֮ǹУŰţʼһɹַѪڤ֮ǹѪڤ֮ǹʼϢ֨֨졣
Ѫڤ֮ǹǹͷһ·ʼһѪӰΪ״ëҶȲϼӿַѪӰԽʵһɳѪڤ֮ǹǹһһԳɳ
ѪӰϳëЩëɣͨѪɫȻëḡ
ëḡ£ҶоѪڤ񣬷ŷҪƿնȥκμӲʣҪѪڤƣݻ١
γɣҪܳʱ䣬ܽ壡
ҶȽץסѪڤΪ⣬ú޲óȥһҶָһ㣬űȲһ£ʱ䣬ҪȫѪڤ
ʱƣѪڤǹ壬ȭͷ󣬳ԼɣѪӰҲɳէһȥ塣
Ѫڤǹëϣط䣬Щ䣬ǰģǿѪڤѪڤ֮ǹȫͬϣ壬һɿֲ㲻ҶʩչôͶȥͿԴݻǧ֮κ塣
û뵽ûѪڤ֮ǹ޳ѪڤȫӦÿһز£նɱҲ£ˣ
ѪڤҶ棬˵һԷɲ壬ҶҲ·ȥΪű׼


120 
·壬˿̣ҶȫУķѪڤѪڤ֮ǹνѱ䣬ı仯ٶȣѪڤ֣ɣһǹ̳Ҳ
Ҷר֮ʱ޻ڴһѶϢҶһȻ·ɽ壬ȥ˵
Ҷ߳䣬Ӱһųڵſڣ̸ܵһ֮ϵǿɡ
һμʱҶȲûеõǧͼͼ飬к㾧Լ䣬ΪҲֻǵһأ֮ҶͻƶأմͼͼϢεõ֮Ҷһʵѱ䣬Ծ£ȻܸܶԷ״̬
ڵǰǾĴڣ޷Ӧɵǿֻӵһſԡ
Ŷ
Ҷ̤һϷľ£һĿ棬ƺܵҶȵĲ
棡Ҷ룬λҺĵʩ޻¡
һ겻ʵͻزðϢ鷳ºĸҶ˵
£ܸܵҵǿϢʵ¶ⲻҰɣ
Ī֪УھһΪһؿ͸УһҶ뾣һսܶԷ
ҶȻöл»̫ʢҶ̵Ϣڲأƽͨ
űȣش󣬹ھߣһܳţǾңֻһʸμӱȥֻʧܵķݣǵɶأ⣬öһս
ۼŶʮλҺĵӣÿ˶ʥԺǰµ˵꣬˶һ㵣ҲĬˡ
ĿһùھǾȥպ죬оҵӣɻǽܳӣҪֳΪ
ǣ棡ش

ʥ壬ʥ̨
峿ִ߾ʥ̨ά򣬽ţӴ˷ɵʮأɫɫδŶʮȫ룬ʥ̨ΧˮйͨλûС
μűȵĵӣ;ȥϯ̨űٵӣ֮ԭϢΪ
αԵʮΪʮÿһ鶼һھһʮھֱμӱղҴſһۣڵɶУûм˿ԽԸأ
Ӫ֮УҶȥϢصң£޻ھһԸҶȽ̡
֪λ᲻μӣҶȽȤĿܡ
޻ڵղҲõ֤ʵβñֱӲμĽΪݲμӣαչ֮ʵﵽǳֲĳ̶ȣ˵ȼءʮǿߣ
ûʵҲ壡
޻һ˵ҶΪ⣬ˣǿֱӵõϿɣûǿǲõأԽԸʮǿߣһ㣬Ҷȵûκξ֮Ϊŷͷţûʵʲô
αžʮ죬һǧˣдһ֮һǽܳᣬÿűȣһΪĿαֹصɵӣڱȴʩչԽ߽׵ɵ
޻ڿʼϸģһһҶȽ̣ҶȻۣܵǿϢʥ֡
ţ
ȻҶſۣϷգһɲ˼λǿˣлϤϢ
ҿ塭
Ҷ˵꼸֮վգֻʮ˳ϯ̨ͷߣȻһλݡԼֻһߵŮӣ沿һӵٵİɫߣֻ΢΢һ˫ĮԽǧ֮֮ͫ
ԭ壬ȻһһǸӦϣһ߼Ϣʮأء
˾Ҷ¶һ˿㵣û뵽⸱ģŪأҶȲмһЦȻӰʱɱڣţǾȻõʶһ޵õˣ
˾Уأ󣬾Ȼ۵ţ˾ȻҶ绹Ҫֲ䣬ȻͻƵأϢ߹󣬾̧͸ζ
ԼˣһնɱǡҶ˳֮У˶վĿһŷˡ
Ѿ޵õأʵȷʵʸʶɵһˣ޻£˻Žż⳯ϯ̨
ȷȴлҪأǰֻʧܡҶȲ˵Ϣ
ϯ̨
ŵؼҵӣڹ̨һΧҲвٵӣûвμӱǶŵҶǽܳӡ
ʦãŶδϲͻ󾳽磡
ʱ򣬲ٲμӱŵӣ𻰣ֺ԰ΪףȴûǣǺһ˾ֱܾͷһ֮һ֮ȫͳͳסǰҲ޷ǰһ
Ůˣװߣɽʱһʦ֣һʦֵģڣ֪죬ͲŹ
ź⣬ڨڨ뿪ͫ˸аâ
ʱʵڿǸĿģСС㣬Ϊβѵ
νţʵˮ㣬ѰлâѣּƽϣԽݣһȴöɽϪˮβ룬󱶸泩ǰһ
ŹֵֹĲ˵ԣСˡ
ʱϯ̨ۼʥԺӣţȹ̨Щܳӵλ׿ԽһΪɾͷڴԼ˱֣ҲУİǿס
䡭
һλ˹ӣʼǰƼϯ̨ϷʼΪǩҶڵĶ飬ַΪ̭Ĵ̣λӣҪϰٳֳܷھ
һ鵽ʮط飬һģһһ̭ӰУ̭룬ÿҪһֱ̭ʤߣһվ̨ϣͽ븴
ǩ֮󣬿ʼʥ̨ʮ򣬿ʼб̭˿Ȥ˶ÿһھǰ
䣡
ʥ̨ʮ̨һֱսδϹǵ̭˲ˡ
Ͼǵһˮ룬൱ңƺƴ𳤿գÿһαըײһ̾űȣǵͽ׵Ӵ۽ĺûᣬɵӣ۾һֱûбۣ´κһ
ʮ̨ɰءءʮ飬սΪңɰؿʼĴڣҷÿһγ᳤֣磬̨𵴣ʥԺҲϼۣۼ䡣
һ
ִһҶطڶ̨ɫƽ

һ޴̨һλʮҵ̨꣬ҶһڵһأܴܵأգҪĵӣ
˵꣬һǿϢ㿰ȵأһ󴸣ɽ֮ƳҶ
ȥɣ
ԶԷҶֻ΢΢һҽţʱһֱ֮Ӵգ÷飬׾ٰƷɳʮԶأ
ڶԪ
һλɶصȻһģǣһλĵӻ磬ոһۣҶֻüͷһͷһֱ߰ӰѽԪĵɰԶ
һʱ䣬սӻô£ͼһˣ߸ߵطɹգȻ󻭳һߣز֪
ԣ
ִ֣һλƶʮͷ̨һͷ𳤷߳ףһ֮ը
ԣǿ¼ҵ½ţǰòԵɶشܵǿߡ췢갺̨ʱΧڣҹע


121 һж
¼ңǱȾһҪǿļ壬һţ¿յмλʥԺӣǶ֮ӡ
̨֮󣬼Ҷƽ޲֨֨ĥмХһ߾⸱ʤȯյӣ̨ɣ
ˣԿҪ˵ɽһˣܲһȭκᱻһȭ飡
ʲôʲôˣһؾܴܵأڽɶأҲӵпɰصʵԣֻԽԿ塢ضѣ
кϷ
һ巽̨̨ܿϣӶԲһХĿ⣬֪¼жǿ󱳾󲿷ֶڿЦ
̫ˣԣȥֻһУţԣ˫Ŀ£ҶƽЦЦͶۻ˵һ
ʲô
Աףֱһ¶һȭͷʵ⣬֨֨ĥͫ˸һ˿ҪȡСǧΣ
̤һ󲽣̨𶯣һ̤գ۾ƿͻϮҶǰٶ֮죬էָ࣬չ罣泯ҶŲ
ÿٶȣٶȡ˿Ծٶȣһ˰ҵĵӣΪҶȵģǿƹʵǡ
䡭
ֻҶȵ̧ұۣڰһӣһԾͱһֱӺߣǱطȥɳʮԶ֮ˤڵϡ
ɶ񡭡֮󣬻£ûղǷ棬Դһʧȥ֪ڳһ
ԡ
εһ̣һλ׷ߴ¼ҷλɳ˾Ȼǵʮأ֮һǿڣɫһɣݺݵ˵ҶȣԷߡ
һֱӴԣ
ǿʵȻǿףڶ飬ܵУζھĪ
̨ϣһ˾þ֣һ̨ס
ʤֱӽ븴
һѮֱִ̨Ӽ¼һȻһſʼ
һȣ
ڴʱҶȻվ̨ϣִ֮תҪȥҶͻȻƽһλִһ㶣Ȼص̨֮ϣʱҶȴ룬·Ҫμӱٶλѡ֣ԸɴΪ˽Լʱ䣬鷳κ˶սңȫһϣܶˣֻһУҳ˵ڶУ䣡

ɣţȻڳԣҪ֪֮УвӵпȵʵĵӣѰ·
û˼־ڱصãǣ
Ҷһ仰һɽХвЦӣҲвѪԺԡ
ʱִ߾ȻҶ߳һñ򣡡
ִߴˣҼǵñ򣬺ûй涨һ˶ս˰ɣ
Ҷתִߣ˿壬˫ֱ󣬺һƳ˵Ҵóǫ̀Ը䣬Ըģѵ㻹ԸôĿŹ棡
㡭ִߣȻҶȼ仰ʵò֪
ŰԵĿŹ棬Ҷײִߣʰ㣡
ಣ
̱ʮλѡ֣ڷ̨ҶȰΧһɢҰް׺Ŀ⣬ƺҪҶǧУٹǳ
ãȻѰѿҲԸңǿɱ̫ݣִ߱Ҷʵ²̨ڣҶѲɭɭâɨÿλӣͶȥ϶Ŀ⣬漴̨һԿϷ
С㣬˾Ǿʱ䣬ɾնɱأͻƵһأֱӴܵأͻƣر֮ǰʵһ֮УӦǳͣһͻƵأܾǵɾһˣ
ϯ̨󷽣̨ٽܳҲ̨£ܸȤؼⷽһλܳС˵
ȷǸǿܶ࣬ȿɽȥҪءߵ壬Į
С㣬ʲôţҲ㣬СҲʮнܳӣҲҲС֣
йֻ֣ЦǺǰƣ˵޷ӦƺûƵġ
֣Ǽ嵹ֳ˸°󣬾ҪһλʥԺͷ
ϯ̨ϷʮλʥԺζÿʵһΧһˣգҲܲǵĴڡ
ɫŶ̨ͫһĨЦݣʱһʥԺͷģɱգʥԺӣҲ໥Ի
ʵӦòѣһڣǾͿԴ㣬಻꣬ɣʱǾŵλҡ׼ңλ۷ڣ
¼Ҷȼɫ֣ʮο
ǵ죬ֱӵִߣԺִſ϶
ϯܣˣɫʳɺޣͲҶŵǰһ
ϣ
ʮλѡ֣ǵɶأһɶصеźÿ˶ԽսǿߵʵһԶԿ߽׵ɡ
ס׷׼ǿʮ˷ǺգʶĿĿ꣬һҶȡ
ʱ˿̣֮һӣʮˣɾ޴Ͼʮʮλһ˶ܾ𾪣˭ȻΧ
ݡ
ưĹҶֻ΢΢һ֣һѪɫ籩ֻΪģķȻʱɣһӺ̨һһҵʹ
һУ
ʥ屬ɽХضɽҡ
һƬУҶȴһһָеӣţһϣ˵лʤңҲǿǣǸҵĶ֣һλᣬһΣǲץס϶ԸңǱض̭
ţ
Ե
ţþûгôǿƵˣһֻʥԺӡܳӲţĿִߣսôӣؽȣͲԺܱȵģԺô
ڣʥ̨֮ĵӣĿⶼҶϣǶ֪ʵٵɶصӣǶЩӣֻǵɶأһӵԽս൱ٶλص
ĵؽܳӣҲһУܿٶλǿһճ˵ǵʮص۷ǿߣſһдˣɾأҲһС
ֹʮӣ̨ҲʱֹͣţڴŽ
Χסȫ
һλӴͷڵɶǸɫͷ̨Χٵӣһأ̨Χʵʵһ˫˫ɱĿ⣬â
ͻͻͻ
һÿϼռ𶯵ǿЧٶһͬ˳ֻնɱޡħŻֵĳڣȻһֻеɶΪԺϡ
ǿһ̣ʥϿչâƺҫȡţ̾
͵ؿȥվ̨ϵҶȣ֩ҪǵСƺڹ⻷̾ҪΪ
⻹е˼
һӣ죬Ҷ˿԰ԵͻȻüչЦֱӴһ壬һεΰϴܣֻҶ֣Ͽǿֲ׹һץһš
ʱһֻšոϴɾžһٶҪ㼯ͻȻտֲһšٶԾ黨һѣ
һ̣ƺᣬһлΪ˱ͻȻǹһ±ڰǺǷеĺʯײص˷ٿһ
䡭
ĿҫϷͷŵķһһ飬޷ֵһ̣ǿ־循꣬оСѣ̨֮ϵҶȣһϹޣһ㣬޷һսԽʱ֮С
һλλӱԶأȫʧȥ־Բѡ


122 ʮھ

ʥѻȸصżұըһ˽һˣڿƷڣ˾沨
ǿһУ˿̨̣ϣҶȻ֣ȻƽûжʤһжУսʤ֮С
ʲôˣ
ֱоһץš飬ر
Ϊֶ̫ΣѾԽ˵ɰأǾءʮֶΣȫѹȻҪɣ
ߣֻ̫ĶǽܳӣǾ̫һ˵һл𣡡
ķ̨һҲĨߣһ˸߹һˣǳ磬֣ڶϯ̨Ҳڷ׷ۣղһϯ̨ϡʥԺӶһȫѹȻ˵Ҷϣӵһԡ
ھ֮󣬲μӱʣУ
һλϹ⣬
ţԵԴ˳ɼ´棬Թ˭űһתǬ

ȺУ̨ϣֻǰźһΣǵڶΰѾ֣ǿֱӲμʮҲʵ
ȻǿǲҵĻһУ֮£αֱͳɾ˾ǹ˷â
֮Уս뼸λվһսǵڶμҶȣһμ;ҶȲչǿʵֱɾءʮأЩţֻӵķݡ
ս־Լ磬ϧҲһ飬Ȼһһף
ʱȺ֮У˴ӵʾǿʵ˶һģ㲻мһ䡣
ߣھ˵ЩɣСͷеıᣬ㻹ܶСһȨսκθ֣ʱټ°ɣ
սƺ߰ǸģȼԷס׼
øұչ֮䣬ȻʲôԶԶ˦󡭡
ؼⷽĿ·̨ϺȫѪҪƵġ
ģ
ҶȻصҵӪ£ʱ򣬾޻ڨ඼ͽģǰãҶڰƽƽڵıֱ֣ˣǾˡ
һͽᣬҲһɽھжԿɸ߽ʵҲʥԺӡ
΢΢һƳҶȾ֪Щ뷨һһܾӲ˵һ仰ò˳˱ŸҶ򰲾ۣȴҲȥ˱ҶУʲôţڵӵжԿʵŽš
ŵУҶȶδܵһǿϢϯ̨ߵز¶⣬Ҷȶܸܵ˾ŲʮǿߣҲڵɾµһ˶ѣʵҶȲѴ֮ɱ
ڶҶ˵ɾѾ˹ȥżҵһλɾǿߣúһս
䡭
һ̨ٴαըƺ֮ǰҪʮеӣܵҶӰ죬ÿһսȫÿһУűʤ֮ġ
ҳ̶һ±̨ɱ֮
ʦãʦ𣿡
ϯ̨󷽹̨һλɫ۵Ӱ֪Ӻηһգߣ˶δ֡
Ȼ˵ʦ֣ʱģŶ²ͻ˵أڵɾ£ǵһˣ
ʵҲôͻ֪ģϷҪҵʲôɵӣμӱˣһ͵ҽŹ棬ܹ⣬͸ϻˣʦãΪɵ֮һβվͬߣȥһȡս֣һ
ΪǸУϸģɾƤںڴۣ˷ŷ˼䡣
ʦܵõ״ԳԺڳţҲǵص½СûҪ⣡Ȼһʹþбɺֱӱһ
Ȼʦòӭʦָǣ
ӣȻûȻһЦݣתһ̣ȴǺ罣ʢˣϯ̨ţֱڰԣϣû˵һ䣬ţֻһ˲ΪԺӶѡ
΢΢ۣ̹ɣαᣬǧѷĺûᣬܶΣҰ׼еλҪ߳һأκμ壬Ұ׼ҿ⣡
үүģ壬ˣҶ壬㱱ţҲǰʮĵ
û뵽ΪɵӣһǰͷĹ󡭡˭֪أ
ͻȻվһ˳һȥؼҶδ֣ȷʱʧ

һ졢ʮ졭ʮ죬űȣڽ
һ죬ѤĿۣʥ߲ʹĻ֮¡
һ鵽ʮھֱݹ⡢ս֣𩡢׳աάƷɡӢ
վϯ̨ϣһλͬʱʮӰӸηʮ̨ϣӵһ鵽ʮ飬ÿˣӵһصʮأŶʮеĽܳͨһնùھ
׼ҡҡҡּҡÿűȹھ⼸ĵӡ
Ǵȥ֪ʮˣûһ˿ܶùھ
ɽ崫
ʮھõɴͣÿ˶һᣬһҪҪȻʵΪȻڽлΣôǽʥԺУҲԣ
Ͻⷬ˵꣬Ȼ󲨣ȻһҪ⽱δ̫ˣ԰ݳΪʦʵڲ˼飬ΧӣĽѡ
һҪ󣿡
һ̾УҶȴȻ侲û뵽ôôҪһҪúãҵõô
ʮλھӣڣϣǸŬУκҪֻҪܰģ裬űȣ˽
žžž
ų˵꣬ʥ̨һըӷߣҲвټԭףλʧܵӣڻʮλھŤֹ
ƵıˣıսѵõĻᣬץסλᣬ׳Ϊ᰷ŴɣҾ·취ֹǰ飡
ʽȡͣҶ뾣޻ڻϣоҵӶܸˣҶȴƽʱǰĮ
ҲʱأҶһ··ȥ·壬ҶȻûü£¾ҪټҶȡ
·ĴҶܵϢһɺϤǾµһɣȴδʵȾǿһֹ
ԱλҲµˣǾҵڶλʥԺӣӷ棡
¸ҶȽˣҶ̧ͷһͷʮͷȧͻһݣ޵ĸоλͨȴٲӯ磬ɵڶ֣ӷ
ַǳ֮ãʲôҪλᾡ㣬Ǽƻ꽫ɾӷɣ˵
лλãлÿԼһȲŬģͻɣһҪæģ
ӷһȻΪҶȺãȴΪҶֻеõ˰ܽɡ
Щ˵ػӻ֣Ҷʩ뿪ʹӷЩ
ϣʸ񡭡½˵һ䡣
·Ϣ죬׼һУҶɲ壬һЩؼҼ£Ƿš


123 λ
½֮Խֺɹɽһ޼ʵĺ
ɫǳɫɫ΢΢Ѫ죬ȥʮֹ죬ѪȾƵģһȥߵѪɫأຣ޷Խ
Ѫͷĺݴ½Ϻ½һ֮Ǳ
ȿȡĳɢˣһ·׷ʹҪӵÿ죬ӱĶˣ
ѪɫߣǰһɽһɽȣСһ㱡ڵţʲô
ԭһ󷨣λɸֲܲõǿ󷨣ͨɽȣǵֶΣɲǸ
ڵģΧʯ˸ĿĻÿһĻγһ֩ͼڣ˿̣ͼģͼ֮УӿһǿʢԪͳͳڣɫ԰ףɫмѷ죬ЩǱ
żһö鵤öҩҲͻأǳɢ˶֡ɶ񣬿ϧ޷ö񵤣
˻ſۣһֵָҶµĺ񵤣Բ󾧻ƣǿϢ
ҶСѰ𣬻дҩҾһ֮βҩٴͻأҶСӻǱﰡֻϧ޷һʱ䲻֪СΪΣ
뵽ӤŭֹһλɣȻҪһɫ˿Цãʴӡ
˺ݺҧס񴽣Сӣһʱ䣬ȵõ𣬼õӤⷽǾͱҲ
ǰ
Ȼ֮⣬ҶƮӵ
ݣ
ˡ˻һ֮½뷽򣬽ţ΢΢˸⻷һӰƮ󷨡
ŹĻͼϣ⻷ȥ¶ҶȱģƳһ̽ζ
ǰֶͨΣӦ֣ҶȰһжŰȻһɺ֮ĸо
ͼϷȴſҶȣСӣ㵹ͻƺܿ죬Ų꣬޵õɶأôУһһ磬ͻɣĪֻʮꣿ
Ҷͣһ⣬ͼ֮УһƳʮͻɣģǰϲͻƵأϢ˳㣬Īˣ
ΪѰ䡭
˽εεص˵ҶȣҧߵǳɢҲռ𣬴а֮ˣȫʬ
а̣ҶȻǵһʣһ
а̣һǳǿаħһרа񹦷СͯиڶԪȵȣǣֻܣһֶ죡ƺ˴ͷÿһ˵һ֣ʮֲ죬ü
˽⣬Ҷȴףӻ֣ȻǰҶȵĵˣǰģ´ɢˣǰն˱ǣ
СӣǵɶأţҲܶԸɡаʮаһմϣҪ
ǰħаޣ˭
˴Ȼħͷаޱħ֧ħͷʿǡСӣ
ǰ´ξͲپǸʲôɢˣֻҪǰʵ࣬Ҿаٷְٰնɱ
Ҷʮ㣬ȻҪ̾Ǵǧͼͼ飬ͼħǶοаҶڳͼͼ飬ֱаħǣʲôаޣҶҲֻйԹȻҶǲܸˣˣҲܡ
ˣҪһظС
ˣƤӣȻаգǾ͹һУûʸ񣡡ͻȻվˣģˡ
ǰҪע壬ȥ㣬
ݣ
ҶһੲģǣͻȻһץѪڤȻֱ֣ӳ˴
ţһ䣬ͷѪڤͻأǰѪ̵ǹУɢ޼᲻ݵķâɫ䡣

һѪڤȻָʳָڰֱӼסѪڤǹ⣬ѪڤȻͣ£ֲ¡
أǰϲҶȽסѪڤǿ֣û˺һ
Сӣÿٶȣɶأ΢ע⣬Ҫ˲䰵ɱʵһز£ԶԶͬʵȣھȻϣԶԶȲɣң޵Ǹ߽ɣһֻ·һ
˵һѪڤʧ΢΢أ쳣𾪣оҶȸһΣոоղţҪΣա
ǰҵʵֹˣǰģֻҪʵµɣһ֣ضնɱأҲκβңҲ޷ңҶ˵㾧Ǵ½½ƿ˴½һ̺˴½Ҷһú㾧񣬾ǱסҲú㾧ӳȥ
統׷ɱҶȵǿħͷܴ֮ӰǿߣΪú㾧̺˴½ð޼ƿʩȻÿ½һ̺˴ط˵ףԴͬģǷһѡ
˺Ȼ¶ЦݣЦǺǶҶȣҾʱ㣬պ֣֮ǰܲȰӤң
ˡ첻˵ʮڹ˿꣬ʱ䣬ǰȲǰӦò˵㻰ıС˰ɣҶһת˵
ֻ㿪Цαص棬ˣôҲɣ˵㻰
̷ŭһЦ˵֮תͼ֮ϣ
˹ȻΣյĺܣŮҪ£ΪҰ¡Ҷмı𣬰С̡
Ѫɫ֮ϣƯһҶСۣźˮƯš
ǰѵûдһĴֻ취ֱСϣҶźˮһƣһ㲻ż
½һֻһΣĿǰֻ취Ļȥһս˵ǵҲֻҪʱ䣡
ս
һսҪʮڼƷ߼ҩڣϣˣѽ
ô󣬾Ҳ𡭡ʵڲУԣֽŶˣ
ǸôһСŮӵ

º
ಡӰٷͷĿԶһӰӰԽıӣȻһ½
½Ҷȼӿٶȣ޲̤½ء
ô죬Ҳһ̡ٶ벽һ䣬֮⣬Ҷȸո٣ֲòͬٷ½
½ɺɫɾƣԶԶȥһ޴ľƴ½Ưڴ֮ϣڴ½뺣󽻽Ӵȴһ㵭ĹĤǾ޴ķӡ
ĺд½Լķӡ磬һսаħִ½½ƿߣ߶磬½ںƽ״̬Ҳȫ򿪣ΧС½ʿ뱱Ҫƣһȣȥԭɭ֣˿ɹܣЩ֮أаħ̾磬ɣҲڣǳأбϣ
ƳҶŹĻɻ󲻽⣬˳䵱Σ˵һ顣
ǰô˵½ʮôѵ½磬ʮƿأһλߣ
Ҷ𾪾仰һλߣƿر˾޴Ĵ½磬ʲôֶΣλߣҪռ½¿Ʒš
ֻǴţһֻûеõ֤ʵӦģĺֻλ棬Ȼɺ֮ܶ࣬䲢ϵǿߣ඼뿪λ棬ȥλ޵֮ͨ󣬶ɽٷ߼λ棬ǿߣݣΪػһֱӻλ棬ǾߣЩߣӵͨΪǣλ棬˵类λ棬ռȡ
ѵ˻λ治ɣ
λ棬ֻǵͼλѣپͷ޵ͨλڶԪһɹλ涼ūȻвǿߣλ֮󣬻ǴλһУֻڶԪ񣬲ӵػĴܣУֻһˣһ˶δУпգǶ࿴鼮˽ЩʶҲңղ˵һУҲֻǴӹżпģʲôߣûû˵ǵ޵ɾʸʵ뿪λ棬ȥλУСӣʵɣΪɡɾоͷ
ʱҶȡ
ҶȲȻҲܵ˸ղ˵һУȶλ棬˽㡣


124 ᰳ
ƴ½뺣ֻһ֮Ŀ룬ȴüһʱ½ʱһɺ֮˶ƺ˶
ǿʢԪһһ˾ֲĺʿãȻˣ
տԭһŴ£ҶȡɣºҲԲɣſ˲ƣɣҲޱȣοҶֻһɡ
־˶۷״̬ڼ䣬˸ҶȽڱ淨򣬱ԼΪ͵ˣҲܵܵˣһ򣬵ڶ򣬾ǴΪҪɴǶԵ˵ϼѣɲ
ȻÿǳأһɷҪܵͷģЩǿߣ뱱ĿˣͱѺǧ꣬Ҳ޼£ڱֻʵʵ۸Ҳܷ
ӵͼǳأȥһΣǾʹǳǣǰֵأ
óһƤžչ֮ͼǳأɽԭɳĮ
᰷ڡ
Ҷ䷢᰷꣬Ŀתţ᰷ڵؽ޴һٸŻҪ㲩᰷ΧССʮǳأһɫһɡ
Ҷָſغһǳأǰȥᰳǡǡͬһˮƽߣԭ᰷Ҳڱˣ½һ֮
ᰳǣҵ˵Ӵ˹ȥҲҪʮ죬;ҪߵΣķΪΣƫƫҪȥᰳǣüҶȡ
ǰһһݣǾ᰷ڵӣ֪ˣʱˣҲ½ҶȲһУ˿̿ʼҪԼҶȣǾ
Ȼ֪Ȼ˲ɣ᰷еλű᰷һͷԣȻǵɣǣûλɣҵû뵽᰷ڻϵСӣ㵽׻жҲ֪ģ
һ̣֣ǰƽȴһԽԽ͸һȥ̽
ҶȰڰ֣һģʲôأֻǱöѣ᰷ѡΪӣĿģߣƽʱңΣôҲҪõͷ᰷ϵǰǾȥᰳǣصõ᰷ڱӻڱҲЩ
Ϊ飬뻢ıƤʲôˣԼСĵ㣬᰷ݣ᰷ڱһһɣӵͼϾͿԿ᰷ڵʮ򣬵ɾɾͷҲв٣
ã̸·ȥᰳǣ
ͬʱվҶ̸˷ȥѶϢһ˵֮ͼȷλշжȥ
½һʱա
ƬʱգȻһƻֺĹȻʹģҪԷ¥γʥء
øҶȣȻùھֻҪαϣΣСпܣȻڱ͸һЩúΪҰ£ȥһɣ
һԷ֮У˱ۣóƣۣһĿ⣬ƴѶϢ¶Цһץ֮УȻһͨͨһ
ʦ֣ʲôˣ
ʱ᰷½ʹ֮߳ӰȻɣԶԶԽͨ
ֵǣΪɾǿߣȻΪֻеɾصΪʦ֣ʵڹ죬Խ͡
վǰӰŵӣֻҶһ֮󣬾ҪŲμӱһùھпܽС磬ڱᰳǷȥ˼Ϊڱи㣬ʦܴһЩȥһ
ռΪһ壬ƺǿϢ֮䣬ŷǣʱգЩ꣬Ų¶ӣֻмŸλЩӣ򲻵ѵʱ򣬾ܶȻҶпܽС磬ʱϣϣЩ
ʦ֣涯򣿡һĨǵͨʧ
Ϊɲ⣬ʮءһ̤ɾ磬ʱ򣬸ԶԸ˰ǾΪӿ£ɾͷҲ׷䣬Ϊ²Ϊޣ䣬ͻɾ᲻ֶֻ˵ã½δҲ֪
õһӣΪɳʦ֣鵽ûһץס׷鵽䣡
ɳҲ½û䣬Ҳ֮УҲڱģޣһͻĥʱץӣҲֻõһƲȫ壡
ʦַģһ᳢Ҷȥ׷ɳ䣬治еѶͳһֻ½ǿ½ǿССĺ㾧½Ϊһ壬׷Ѱ䣡
ˣԵҲȻɾ磬½㾧ȴ½ұһ֣磬ҲҪõ㾧񣬽ߣ
˵꣬λΪʧգʱսΪһ塣
Ҫնɱ棬½㾧ʦ־ӵбֱŻ˵ܶλ㾧ȫҵʦ־ܰλɾ͵ڶԪ磡
壬һ壬类˵ߣʣһߣһںϣȻɾ֮壬ʱӵк㾧ӵ½Ϊɱϼѣ
ϣҶСӣ˳С硭
ٴ˫ִһַںϣʧΪ̳ʧ

ᰳǣλڱغߴ֮УһӵʮĹϾ޳ǣӵʿڼƣвɡɣɾǿߣǳͨ˴ʲô̵ꡢԺӦоС
ɸߣȳǽ߳һ룬ֵ磬½½вʿǣЩʿһ붼ˣɢޣӡ
£ٵά򣬶ǽ֮ÿһһλӣᰳǶӡûеӣκҪӲᰳǣ̻ᱻ˷֡
ʮƷʯ󣡡
ʯôѵãһ̵õʯ
Ƕųɳһﳤʿ˽±ԹǷ̫ߣʯ½ϡٵĴڡ
ʯλͨңȻҩҲԴ棬ʯλ汾ǵͼλ棬ȱ٣ʯȻ
ˣŶӣ
˶ʵŶʱҶȴֱ£ʱλ᰷ڵأЩӣ֮һɣ඼ǵɣǵϣ֮УмǸ߽ɣɡ
᰷ڣӣصʮأǾǲӡ
ĺÿɵӵȼһһصأ۵ӣʮأӢӣһأӣصʮأӣɾǳϼڡ
;ǲӣ˵ڱݣҲǳڡ
ͣ£û𣿡һλΪһصӣĿϣȻأӣ˿壬Ȼ߳һ쾫ӢӰ˲Χ
Ҷɫ糣ȭʩλʦ֣Ҳ᰷ڵӣ
Ŷ
᰷ڵӾҶȣĿⶼУ඼ǻɣеǳЦϾɶأ᰷ڲ۵ӣ᰷Źɭϣһصص۵ӣûͻƵؽӢӣͲóɡ
ðɣŹ֪۵ӣǲ˽ɽģóƣλӣ˿Ҷӡ
Ҷóƣݸλӣͬʱʦ֣ʵʦ½ǻͳ£ʦֲҪ͸¶ҵݻʱܣ
˵
λӣӹƣüɫһȷȻ᰷һ㣬ӹɣһȻ֮ϣֻ͡˵֣һЩ֡
Ȼǡ
ΧӢӼϸֵǶȷҶ᰷ڵӣһʮֳԾףһ۵ӣΪȨɽ
ȽȥһᣬȻᣬȷһ飡
ӢӴҶȡ˽ţ֮󣬰˴һǱ֮С


125 
ʲô˼ȻȷݣΪλҪڴ˵Ⱥ򣿡
Ǳڣһʯң˫°ͣɰصŴ̨͸̨Կƻֺᰳǡ
ӦҪɣֵɶأ᰷ڲ۵ӣ۵ӹ磡ñڿҵԣ˺ܼǳ𣡡ҶȾʯϣüչ˵ؽ磬һӦãҲһߣߣҶȿɾͲﱻ˵ɵˣ
㡭ԹԵţѵ߳ȥȰ㣬ʵ㣬᰷ڿɲǣЩҪΪңһ뾡취ѣֻûȤ
˶˺üƳһҶȣ꣺Ǳ½
ҶȰͷŤһ۾ʱڷйȥӽһ̣ʼûʹһ䣬Ǳɭɭ͸һɺ

˰죬ҶͻȻۣһĨ飬վٵȥǾɵӣգҾҪΪԼָƽʰ̯ӣ
˼ŭģվסҶֱۣһҶȼʶɿ˫֣Ӹ£ҶǸߴӰ
ûˣ
ʯһ飬ÿʯҶһۣȻ˴ĳǱһˣ˵ǣȫգǱһ
Сӣ֪ͷ࣬һ۵ӣƣŶӣգͺúøЩ۵ӿ
Ǳ֮⣬ʮӢֵأʮԶǳţ˿̣Ѿ쵽ƻ裬Ӱϡ٣ȴ˺ܶˣһŷ¥ϣзⱦʯ˻ƻ裬ᰳ˸ⱦ߹󲻷
½ҰˣѵѵҲãԺûأ߽׵ӣҲ񣡡
ȺӢӣԽԽģǱ˺ȴ˹ȥӦҪذ˽
¡
ʱǱΪ֮һ𣬱ӰײţԳǱΪģ濪ʼѣһǱȻʼΪĩһȦѪâһʶɡ
Ҫˣʦֹ
ʮӢӣվȣŵһѷ죬𾪲ѣ÷ǷʴɣǳǱҲһǱǼ᲻ɴݣȻֱɣҲֶΡ
ô£
֮¡ܣ᰷ڵӣӦһɵͳȴ̶ڱ
Ұˣ
ӢӼǱʧ룬ҶĮ߳ԾӢӣ˿壬ӢӸŭʱλִʮλӢγһƲ
ͷߣλɶӣҶȣɱֱӿˣ㲻᰷ڵӣȴҷϵ᰷ڲƲգ㲻ɣ
Ҷʳָ˻ΣЦٵңʦ֣ɱҵȥģֻһ䣬ΪΰǹϷˣô
ʦ֣˭˵᰷ڵӣգŲƲǹǧɲӣһָڵĺȵ
ԭ᰷ڵӣ棬ȴϷˣңãվַ죬ҲҪѰ˳
ҶһͻȻִһѹһγһָƣʮ˲ѹ
ţС㣡
λһǿֲӡɫ䣬ʲô̶ȣԲǵɣɵֶΣĹȻڵɶأӵɵȼ
ƣ
һλӣһΪһָָ㣬־Өâпָ⣬˲ӡһָŷšתǬһָޱȵܣǣǾ޴ӡѹ

ָҫȫӡݻ٣γɵĳٲ׹䣬ɢôһƬζ
ȻɼֶΣҰȥٹȥˣҰ˿ЩƷϣһλΪصӣţ漸λ˼䣬üλǰΧɱ
ǿֶΣһؽ֣˿·磬ңȫһ˾ĶǵؿǰƣֻѪսһ·ߣҲΪҶǿʵ𾪣ɶأȻܿһأ죬㱱Ҳ
ʮλɣΪһصأϾӢӣһˣãȻǹһ죬Ҿ͹ʮ죬ʮ
ҶɭɭĹЦ˵ǰ㿴һжôֲʩչ򣬰ٵʩչֶͨΣȫӡ
˻Ҷȣ㡭ʮλɣʵʩչֻܽһӣһӲǼλءǿߣͻʱֻ·һûУ
ǰգҪúָ˵ܱܣҪԼ˵ǾɵӣҶһЦء
㣡һλصӣ֪߳Ҳǵأֻ棬ˡ

λӣ۾һͻȻһͻȻǽ³˲ѽ֮С
ߣһλɣҶʮλʩչ򣬹ȻҰˣû棬̶ֳλ֣һȥ
֮УоӢŵ亹ֱðʮλɵӣȴ̶ֳ֪򣬸ƣǵأ˵һ
ĩյˣɷ
ͻȻһȵӰϷӰӽͫؼҶźɷȻʩҪǡ
ǡǡǺɷǲеǿߣеķడһɣΪӵв༶˲䣬ɷ֣˵ɷʲôǲֻ࣬веĶģӵе߷
۹⣬գҾͰȫͳͳɣ
ݡಣ
Ҷһݣ뵽úɷɷ᰷֮Ѻɷ֤ݣңҶȺɻ󣬺ɷǲӷ˲ɾأôв෨Īǻ͵ģֻһֽ͡
һ᰷ڵӣӣǾӢӣ׷ױȡɷӣںһˣҶɷ֮ɢȥس᰷ڵǰ
ô£еӲˣ
ʧֻʣҶʱ᰷ڵסˣλǿߣɱһӣٵӳΧȥɾнˣЩ˼Կǿߡ
һˣ࣬ʦֵܷų򣬲˭˭ҪܵͷȰ㣬ǲҪִ󣡡
λǿߣ߳һǿư
Ҷó᰷ƣһЦұգ˹ңҹڳǱһʱ䣬ҵ裬ˣҪţǣ㣬࣬˵һ۸ңңҪʮǹһ죬Ҫʮ죡
Եˣһްǿ󣬶ҶȣȻ˿òǿƣ̬Ⱥס
һʱ˫һĮȵͬŵӣҲһ֮ʣȰʦֵܷų̸
У˵ʮ죬ʮ죬λҪ֣Ҳ壬ʲôߣǰƨǣңΪֻһɣ۵ӣǣҵıˣܵģʶôǾͶְɣҶȰڳǿ״̬һ仰һ֣˵졣
һԣŵֻдҶȣ޲ðס˲ףҶȵģΪʲô
ߣʲôȻˣǾͱҲɱ㣬ţҲͷϣ
һ᰷̣ڵĿ£ǿᷢҪ׽ҶȣҪɱ
ãøӣΪʦ֣ȴ˽վҲҪ汳ҶѪڤ׼ȫһĿ꣬أࡣ
ͳͳס֣
᰷ڵӣҪ֮ʣһۺ֮ƿն˶Ҫ³˯ɣҲҪ
֮УһУһλīɫ۵߳Уһеӣ̹£ߺμӲʦ֣
ţͽμʦ
᰷ڵӣ֮ʱΪǲ֣֪ҶȾȻʦ˶ʱһǵ࣬
ʦɰذ
Ϊأīɫǿ߳һ̣͸ܵǵɰأΰ޼ʵ½ˣ᰷ڣǸ߸ϲӣÿһӣӵȨ


126 Ĺ
ȡΪͽ˵ɣ㣬Ϊ
ˣˣʱˣȻɰؾΪԶԶԽŻϣΪ½λˣȻŵɾأһУ˲˼顣
ǿֱӱʵࡣ
ŵֱ£ںڲѣ˭뵽һɶصӣȻӵɰزʦһӣʦҲֻһأӶѣӣһ㲻ͽ
ʦ֣ʦҲδŪףֻ֪ʼмλӣλʦΪ̫ͣӦǹѣʦܼලʱ򣬾ȻȫƸˣǵһҡ
糾һأҶǰʲôˣ
ҳ
Ҷȴһץһɺɫ籩ڵ棬ŴУɳʮӣǱҶȷӡںɷĵӡ
μӲ࣡ЩжԻȫ¹ŵʧɥ꣬Բֻ࣬йһ·
ˣĿһƺЩҵӺÿǸҺÿͽҪɱҪΣ㣬գκ£Ϊʦ㵣ţ
ͣ
ɶصӣΪҶȵӣ仰һһѪӰֱնɱƳɶǿһ£޿ɶΣΪС
ţʬ壬ҲҶ֮Уһʬ壬Ҷ˵Ǵҩ֮󣬿԰ҶȽء
ҶѪħͷȻǿᣬնɱ˵ɶأŵٵӣгǽЩһֻˣҶǰһЦʦ֣Ҹᣬ㲻ʩչ򣬿ʩչֻҪܵһһжԹˣ
ã֪û·ԣңû뵽ҶѪȻ˵ɱɱɣȻͽף᰷ڣһλġ
һɶأôǿҲƵҵҾͲš໺˺󼸲ʱ̬쳣ʩչǿռ䡣
СӡĻȻϳңȡһиնɱˣǣһжϷĸҪúð£
һԲһжʵҲڿҶȣʵһز
ˡԭȻɣ½һɣСϺ꣡һԣһԶѾܵһɺҪҪɱһָӡ
ǻǧϹǿĺܡ
ɱ
˫Ŀע£ҶȾȻر̲࣬סЦƾֶΣôǵ֡
СֶĹ죬ǻ·ӣҶȵѪڤжôֲͻƵʱܸɶƻڽɶأɵնң಻ʩչ򣬵ƾ͵վŸҶȰװնɱ
Ѫڤɸ߽ףһ̣Ҫɱ
ĿˣԱȵһأңҵѾ޼᲻ݣһ˺ģдϲ
ɱ
ۿҶȾ಻һɾʱѾҶٶѾĻŭţһǲӣҪɱҲҪһڡ
Ц֮ǰͻȻ˫ͫһӰ˼ĿһгѪɫǹȻƿնѾüǰֻвһ߾룬ʱ򣬾Ƿ򣬶ܣҪܣҲܣѪڤٶȣѾԽһС
ССֶΣҾͲţƵҵȻͷÿһǿ󣬶ңҲ۷塣
һ۷壬ν編һ̡
žͣ
һ̣ŷֹͣѪڤħ׾ٴڲһ߾룬ͻȻΪһѪ죬޼᲻ݵشüģһȭͷѪͬԪһͬո
Ҳİһ˼飬Ŵͣͫңһɢһߡ
ಣ
ڵʬ嵹һ̣ҶȷһץֱӰѵʬ֮УأҶȴϲѣĿڴﵽˣȻ࣬һѪڤոΪģصһʬ壬ҶΪͻƶпܡ
ڣѾĻΪľǶȡ࣬û뵽һжĿ꣬Ҷȴ˿УⳤХǰնɱ᰷ӣȻɹ˸֪Ҷ֪ͨͲҶ
Ҷͼͼ飬ͼ£һУаħȻҲڻ¡
Ҷ֮ѡᰳǣбĿģȻǵ᰷ڣֻпԼˣֻ⣬ͷֿտա
ɶءȻնɱأǲžӢӣҲ
᰷ڵӣ֤һĻͳͳŵֱ˫ۣ۾ѩԼۼһУš
ɢȥɣ֮£ֱӸ߳ɣ
һ֣ǿƲѣͽնɱһӣȻ۾գ£һʵ˵
Ŀ֮£Ҷȡˡ˴ҡڳǳشȥسǵӣŻȻ򣬷׷Ҷݡ
ᰳǣһ᰷ڹϽĹջ֮С
ʱֻҶȡˣȺΪ˵ǰűУֲΪʦȫ㣡
ҪħǣӦ÷ǳ࣬ǣ֪ħɣǣ
ҶΪѪ¯ҪħǣһаᰳǣǴ˶ҶȲ˵һ¶ܣǵòʧҶȻʦڣͽҲͲҪ׿ͲٲƱȫʵȡڱΣ˳С磡
Ŷ򵥡
˿ɣǻɣһҲƿ֮УǰҶ̫һֻСϻʱնɱһץһžӨʯɵƬҶȣλͨý׿ȥʹãʮƷʯ㹻ڱߣʲôҪֱӸΪʦطâ
ͽлʦʦģͽδţһڽʣΣС磬Ҳ׾٣
Ҷ½׿վߣ˽֮󣬻Ϊһʧ
ǧˣˣΣյĺܣĻϳ޿ȣҲ֪½кı
һߣ˾͸Ӧƿţ¡
Ҷȴ׿ſΪɫྦྷӨ磺ʲôıһƣãҺγ㿴Ž׿ӵ֤ͨﶼȡãϱ˸ôıҲȻңˣò
֪ãպµ͵ЩŵҲ㱳СӣҪҲ͵ͽ׵ɡſʼԹҶȡ
һаգûаյ£򲻵ѣǲģǰģҵôǰһ
Լ˵ģ
˶ҶŽ׿ͺ޲һѶΣɶδõֺö
ȥһ䣡
Ҷ׿뿪䣬᰷ƣҲ࣬Ľʿ
ᰳǱȳƳǴǧ򱶣壬ʯ̣ľнǶиַ۾ֱΣض࣬ȻϣŸװʿﲻ洦̷
⡮Ĺȡ᰷ڹĽĺһǳأ
ãҶһĽһɽ壬ɽģ˺ܱ¸оȻϣв½룬Ҳ࣬һʯĹӴ֡
ɣ
Ҷ˽ȷ̲֮ĹȣӭһСţһСϪ೤͵񣬴һԶͷǼ¥󣬸㣬̳Σȥɽ֮С
ĹȣǱ£ϰ壬Ǹˣ˵ǸŮӣ
ҶʯϣϪˮּ䣬á
ŮӣŮôĪʶʶ
˲ĺһ䣬ģĸϻҲɰ


127 ״ħ
ĹڣǶ߲ʱʯӳ¥ԣ֮仹͵ƣڸ¶һ˿
ռݸҪλֵأЩΪڵɰϣڸ󣬷߶ǵͽɡ
͵ĵƹ£¥ڸʣ׵ʿԣҲ٣ÿһ¥ڶʮҡ
Ҫѡһ
¥ҶվһŻǰڷž·ÿһнס߽ʥУҲиӸ߼Ĵڣ
ɸָ߼ʯɣÿһ춯أҲֻи߽ɲʹãһͽɣʹõʥƷɷϸ˵һʥƷ޴ɷһڵʮٱֹ
ÿһ۸񰺹쳣ʥƷٱ޴󣬴ȷһѱһϣȥˣһѣӲ˱ֻڳϣܷӼֵ
ʿֹϵǿʵ߾磬ʹӵҲǱѡ
ЩʿУȻҲи߽ɣءزѰʺҶĲ㣬ʿ綼ϣسǿ߶УԸ½ˣѰһʺԼǿһӵУʵʮأǿߡ
ĺ洦ǣÿһٲά裬Сĵ㣬Щˣרֵģ
˲Ͻϵܶǿߣн쳣̸Ҷȴǧ¶ơ
Ҷȿַ㿪ۣǰҪҲѰһܶټǮ
ڲأĿǰֻʥƷãҽأɣʱҿɲЦЩûζˮ۾Ҷֱ˼
¥ҪߵȷΪʥƷʣ¾һЩǵͽʺãнסֻ߽ʮػɾſͷ
ûҵԼҪģ¥Ҷȶʱ۾һ˺٣ֻˣڹԱħǵаƷ㣬ҲȫаħҲв١
λʲô԰æ𣿡
ʱһλǣӵѮҶȡǰʮֿ˵
ȻءţǿǰֻһλԱѣ
ҶȸܵΣǿϢзǿߣһָͿףҶȵĵҪħǣǰж٣
΢΢һۣħֶҪж٣һʿòϣ޲ӡƷȣ֪Ҫ껹ǧħǣ
Ҷûֱӻش𣬶ǴӼ۸𣺡֪ǮΣ
һƷʯԻȡʮŰħǣһǧħǣħǣһħҪһٿƷʯǷָнħǣֵȼУҪж٣ۺͫ˸⡣
õһʯӦòʯǴ˵еʯǰֵΣ
Ҷϸϸһ˼룬ʱý׿ʯòϵı޽˱
һץһʯɳ߻ȥ
ȷʵʯ١
һץģ¶ɫٴδҶһۣһʯʯ֮еȼһ㣬ʯ̫࣬ʯԻһƷʯһǧƷʯһٿŸ߼ʯ
Ҷȴһ¶һ˿Цݣʯֵƣ
ֵͼλ棬ʯϡٵúܣ˵ʯеͼλʯϹħսģÿһʯޣڷһţһţϡΪʯԵɡɶûκãɾ˵ȴ챦ĹȵʯҪ׸ɾͷĹλߣȻû˿û˵ϼ޻ƣˡ
Сӣʯϱ˵Ĳһ˵õʯǾţպãȻȽɾ֮󣬾ҪǮ
һԵ̸ҶȴƺҲ֪ʯֵ֪Ҷʯǰ֪ԻֹҶȡ
ʯڸ߼λ棬˵еɽ磬ÿһʯԶ˴͵λ棬ͼλ𲻳߼ʯλ棬ͽʯ֮١
ǰģϻһЩҶȴһ󣬸𾪣ڰҶȵһգһСĵɣȻӵʯ˵ȥ˭š
Ҷ˼һʮԸĶߵʯãҾֵͣҲ˷ѣĿǰʵص㣬ǰװɣһǧöǧħǣ
˱øԶ̤̤ʵʵһһӡ棡
¶Цݣһӣ̰ʯλ깤Աʼһ汦λٿʲôҪʲôϷ򶼿飡
Ҷ᲻ЦĴһȦһᣬһṤԱһºҶǰһö½ָ͸Ȼ֮⣬ָϿĹ塣
߻ӻ֣ṤԱʩתȥŶҶȽܣĹȽ׵Ŀˣﵽһöͼʯͻһöм䣬
ͷ봢һһǧöǧħǣɢֲǿħһرȴǷǳǿķӡηӡӡ´䣬Ҫǧöħ顣
һǧöǧħǡĿǰҪɱǧͷаͿܣҲҪһʱ䣬һǧöħǣѪ¯Ҫɳݱ䣬һѱ䣬׾նɱɣ
ҶȽס䣬аϲ̰Ѵ޽䣬޽ȻҶȿһ˲עⴢƷʡ
ĹȺʵ죬պһǺǣҶȳʩ˱ȼ¥ݡ
ðԵϢǷâǽŵɶأȴӵǿϢȻҲ֪ǲŵӣδ
ɫƽɣȻѿһЩϢ羨ϺУһһʣ
ҹᰳȻƽ졣
ջڣƹڣҶڴϣ֮Уӵʬ壬ӵ֮ϣۣ
һɵѱ䣬Ҳʲôıһλǿߣȡ˵ߣ
ץס̰Ѫ¯򣬶ʱͼͼ鿪ʼǿԵɣ޷ȡ߸ط򣬲ͼͼ鱾ǳԽɡɵĴڣɷͼͼǰʲôҲǣĨɱһɷȻں
һâɢһɹǿͼͼ̾ϵۣʼһһںϣʼγǿۣһ޴ۣɷֻгۣ
ڣͼͼȫѹǿȫںۣһ޴ۣһѪ¯
̫ˣۣ򣬺ߣҵѪ¯ӵۣӵɷöǧħǣ
Ѫ¯ھ޴ѱ֮ʣҶ̴ӴóöǧаħǣҪС
öħǣûдӡѪ¯ŲѣǣͼͼʱǧħǿʼȻʵʵܾ֮⡣
㾧ȻֻǾһħ㾻ɣͰѺ㾧Ѫ¯ںϣΪʵʴڵ򣬵ʱԽɣȼӵд½ʵϢֱӿ½ںϣΪʵ½ʵڣ㲻䣡
ͼͼöǧħǣٶ֮죬Ҷ𾪣࣬һܾϣԴٶȣѪ¯ɣߡ
ֿ࣬ԣ³ֻխһнΪҵĴڣٴǿȣ
Ҷüͷһ쿪ָһѹڵؿϣʩչѪ壬յȫѪеһУѪɫϪһһҶ֮УҶȵõʼѱѪɫ
أ찡ʵڰĲ˼飬ҪһߣҾ޵ɰǿӲǸ߽ɣǿȣѾͨɣպҪնɱǿߣǿ
ԴԴŵҶϢǿڣ⡢ϸѪͳͳںϣתȫںϣҶ已̥ȫյ֮Ѫ֮У̺ɷγ˲ٺɳ
ЩȫǵƶɣɾҶȣ֪⻹⡣
ҪͻƵɶصζҪͻƶأܾʱ䡭գۼ䣬廯Ϊ˸ʬҶȰʬɷںɷ£ΪҽҶȿʼ϶Ϊһ


128 
ڶ죬峿һȫѱ䣬ȥ䣬Ʈݣ˼ˣ¥Ҹ£˼ʳ峿ա
ʲôˣһ壬ƺһɷ򣡡˸оҶȾͶϢȫһ̰ж죬Ȼǿ͸ǣȴҶƤ֮ܵǿķ
ֻ֮ɲӵУǸ߽ɣ˵۾ͺС֮Ҳȫ棬ֻнҲ
˵ʱ޿̲ͻƣ
Ҷȵ˵һ䣬仰ȻûƭˣΪͼͼԭͼͼ鲻Ͼħǣк㾧оͬҶʵҲһԴԴߡ
ǰ˵˵ĻʲôɢˣҶȲ͸¶ܣѻת
ã
˳˱Ÿе㲻ˣҧ촽˼ҶȣźһڲˮϢӦ֪صħ߹
Ҷʮ⣬ƺδ룬һͷʵħ߹
λ洦ڵͽʱգ·ǵĹϵаڲʳλӺܽʱգſƵĺ޵ʵҲһħ߹Ⱥ޵ʱҲһϵĴ½ֻϧʷ֮Уа֮ɣΪаħۼ֮أħޡɢ޵̣аʿ֮࣬ͨɱʿڱħ߹ڣÿһǿӡػȻаħ뱱½
γֵԵΪ𡯣ѾΣӵɢ˳ƺţʮȡӵи߽ʵϱǿ󣬾Ǹ߼ɣҲȡɢ˱ͽթɱȡʿаħһκεҩпܣңӵĻԷɱ߼ɣԼκǿԪ񣡡
ǳɢˣаһλǿߣҲΪӵأǿϴʿ֣ҿ¾ҪϣΪаͣ渵һֲ˵ϸϸҶľս亹ֱð
ħ߹ǱȺ޵ֲٱĴڡ
ҶһͻȻʵĪҲΣ
һͷȻλ֮󣬻նȡγʶȻһУ޳
޳Σô᰷ڵĺɷѵͲ𣿿᰷֮ƺɷһΪɷѾ޳ΣΪ᰷ڿֲڣúһ˼ҶͻȻɷԴƶϡ
ڣһ·̣;ǳأ᰷ڹϽҪһɣ᰷ڵǿţҶóͼħ߹ָ·һһ
ͼÿ·߼ԺȻᰳǼǳ֮⣬һ޴İͼ齣ţ
齣ſɲ򵥣᰷ʵ࣬ʵ˵齣ſҪǿЩһһֱǿᣬӹȥǣĺڣɣ齣žһǵӣһǿԵĽ˺ǻ·齣ẉ̂ǧ£ħ߹ҲвʿᱦɣǿҲУҲʵ㣡
ҶսǸ˲ǺǺʺڻð亹
ڡ־ͺǿԽΪڣǱеİߣ֪ҵѪڤԵ齣ŵĽ
ԺҶͻȻһɽζ
֮˽ʣѶʰһҶ뿪ջǷȥ
ո·󼸴ǳأһƬ͸ŷâããأоһһľһƬƶ䣬˷â
齣ẉ֮̂䣬ȫǽâƲ㣬أһһľ͸Žâ
ɳããԭ֮ϣҶȸܵһǿոȻųŵĺܣҪ齣ŵӣֻ·һһ·ੲݵҶע⡣

˾һɽʱͻȻ·һ籩籩֮أһʣΪУҶͣ£ǰһǹɽ籩ǰԵˣ״
·ѽȻںϣѾڻͨزǽǷ磬޷罣򣡡
ӽ籩Ŀ̾
罣Ǵǲˣܸط÷֮֮籾޴룬Ե
ҶȸӳԾȻԪеķҶδʵδﵽһ磬ܲط
λѣȻܿ½⣬ʵΪ仹һλǰ
Ȼһϯһӷ籩߳һ̱磬Ŀƽ˱ֱͦŷҪء
ŶǵɰأȻ޵÷⣬СֵܣɾͲ˳΢΢ʩȻΪɣΪ˴ȴϵСκˣǸҶȴ򽻵֮
ҲĿҶϣȻĿһƺܵҶҲâȭλ̨ŵɶأȻԵâɷд輸У
ǧܣݲʧܣһǽվ뿪ɫţ̴Ҷȣֱ
ǰģ˷âڽľȻزխ֮ˣңҲͬ࣬ϾҲǹһ
Ҷ˰ģʵû˵ĻȥǰһȭҲд⣬д裬Ҷȣ
ãң̨룡
֣ҶȷɳԶԶ
֣ǹǹǰٱ֮ҶѪڤ֮ǹѪڤ
Ѫڤ֮ǹ֣ʱʼƺܵؼİ罣⣬ڿս
µҶֹȻգҲָĬĬ߶䣬ݵһɳһ̹⣬һץ̳һɫͨɢɽ
峤Լ߳ߣԼߣ޴Ե˸иһеɽ֮У̺Ͻ뽣Ϊһ壬˱ǽˡ
УУҶҲˣͬʱҲչ¶ʵͬҲûаȡʤ
ͷһֻһӣǱɽڿһӣ˵һͷһƼ򵥵һɶ೤Ҷȼ
Ľâ
ҶȲҴ⣬֪һпƽǽжһУץѪڤ֮ǹ׼ĵ㡣
ͣ
һǹ̳գѿռ䶼Ħ죬Ѫڤ֮ǹ뽣˲ײ
һѪڤ֮ǹ뽣ͬʱǿը£Ϊ飬һͬʧա
ڶУ̨СЩޱߣ
˫һ֣ץסɽڿתһȦһ𣬽ָҶȣʱɽ֮Уʮֲһ໥ƣʮɾ޴ĽҶֱӴ
ĽԽ˵ɵãѪڤ֮ǹԿֲҶʮֽղŵһУѪڤ֮ǹȻ뽣Ϊ飬⻹ͷһΣѪڤ֮ǹݻ٣ɼԷжô
һɵѪڤ֮ǹȻ֣Ҷȴһ̤ռ𶯣ֱһſͻһ߶Ѫڤ֮ǹֲȥ

ײȻײȻ˴޵ýӲίʵ°Ѫڤ֮ǹʹȺʵ˿֣޷ߡ
ճΪ˻սǹָ£γһɲƵһ׹أ¡һһɽƽ
̫̬ˣֱһʵ˿ŴɽΪƽأһʱ䣬
ˣ֣оˣ¿¼ֲס
ʱҶȾʿɶֹʱˣ̱ȭԽ˵
Ҷ֣Ҳд⣬û뵽ǹ˰Եǿᣬ˼飬ŵɶأҶǰ㵡͵شҶȡ
ָǼһҪʩչȫֻ϶ֲסڶУҶȻЦ
ȻҶҵ̣βˣֵܣ
úãʢȴ룡Ҷ뵽鷳нһ鷳ʡȥ齣ŵӣѵ˲ӡ
Ҳû취һͬߡ


129 ˿꽣
ߵԭҰһȥɳʯɳʯҲ͸ŷâ⣬ڻԭ֮УȻһɫ޽ȻһǳأڽǣէȻȥʵڲ˼飬ڽܴȫڿգǳأŷһ޴ɽ̶ɡ
׳֣ۡɵģ
˷аգڼǳأҶȱڽǴ磬档
ⷬޣʮ԰ڽǱʮǰһλͻɾʱý̶ɣڱһ޶ڽǱһ齣Ǳʥأһ㲻˽룡
񹤰Ҷһ䣬ȻβܾʹλĿء
ɾǿԳ֣ý˴ֱʣʵڲ˼顣
ڴ֮ϵĺڽǣԶԶͿһɽ缹ֱֱһɷ⣬ƺҪ˺졣
СӣٵΣȥڹһᣬǾߣһԣôҶȡ
ʱ֮ڽǰأѲǵӣ齣ŵӣҲвʿǣһһǽߣˣΪ齣ŵӣһе̹Ҷȡ˴ҡڽš
ֵҶȸܵڽǣȻһɿµĽڱţһڽǾͻȫӵ
ڽֵϣɼӣҶȾ͸ܵĽ⣬Щ⣬ƺҪ뼡жнʳ
֣ǰô˵ô
һҾ¥Ҫһж̨İ䣬һƼȣǶַ죬͸㡣
ΪˣһһܲƷҶҲʮ־нҲʱʱһڡ
ҶȿӦڽǣȷʵһʥأƺڽǱȱϸ򵥣ڲǬҷͻɣ죬ﵽһֲز
ҶȵϾƣһں£ʵҶҲһ˽ܣ뱾֮Уλűȼ磬ҪаһεĽҶӦûμӰɣ
Ҷȵ֮ҲμӣҲҲᣬ᰷ڵӣɽ߶ȥħ߹ʵ
ħ߹ҶִһҪ⣬ħ߹𣬲ǿ߸ȥϷӡһһ򿪣аħѣǿߣɫһʮһ䡣
аɡҶ뽣һ飬֮䣬Ļֻк졣
һپƣѾǵڶ졣
˳ǣҶҲʢȴŽ·ٴԺڽǵȻ£ͱ˳Ƕȥ
뿪ڽǣҶȡ˼·Ŀĵֻ·̡
˿̣ӰȴһֱӰ·ʼˣûпһ֣Ҳûкһ뿪ڽǵ̣Ӱֱ˰Χ
ע㣡
أ˲ӦףǿӦ԰Χһ춯Ӧ
ҲˣϢܷӦǽߣ˴ǳ֮󲻾ãһ·βӦǿ·ɱԽȲ֮أһΰϻٺ١
ҶϳɭɭЦݣÿһ仰˸оĻ̥Һòǵˡ
ַ˰գԶԶ뿪ڽǣǧ֮⣬ɹһƬɽ֮ʱȻ֮УƯһЩɫ̡
ţǽ󡭡Сĵ㣬Էˣɣһءأأߣ󷨣ɱǿߣ˿֮дɫ̣úΣϸϸȻһ󷨣ңԲףɫһƬ档
ǼȻҾ·øƷ
λɣҶ̾뵽콵װ׵Ϊ
ҶͻȻͣסӽɫ̣ȵǳɣ
ಣ
λˣɳÿץסһɽɫ̣һˣΪߣأȻٿ˿Ľɫţ֮ڵգ̱Ϊ˿Ľ硣
󷨡
ҶЦҪſһսôãڿһսǰ㶢λǿߣ˽ң
뿪˵С󷨣⽣󣬲򵥣˿ûҶⷬ飬ؼһɫޣȻһн׷
ݣ
֮еĴɫ̣ͻȻûΪͻĲ˿ǧĲ˿һҶѹУҶȾͳѡ
ƣ
ѪڤҶȻӱһ𣬳ǲ˿һǹ̳

Ѫڤڲ˿ĽϣȻ緢˿Ĳ˿ȻңʵĴϢ
ǿ󡭡׽󣬹Ȼ̺֮еĸ𣬽ԼӲޱȣ˷
һǹ̳Ѳ˿ͱһӣƬΪ֮һ
žһգһžž죬趯ޣһȥͰ˿ݻ٣ֶΰԵ
ϧЩû޵״̬ԼңҲûø֮ĽɵıԸ𱦽ΪۣͿնɱǿߣ
Ȼ˿ʮּӲѪڤ֮£ǵȻ޴棬ΪУʱҶȣȫһսҶѪȣҲֶܵǿ󷨣ȸ߽׷
ɽ
ƺܵҶлпߣе㲻ˣҶΧͻȻ䣬Ĳ˿Ȼ£һγһʮɵĽɫ޽޽һͼˣһƵһӣɳ󷨡
źҵĿζȻǿ󰡡ֻ
ܵƽ޽ǿҶ֪һжһСģͻᱻ飬ҶֱۡС˲俪ʼл
޼᲻ݣ޷ƣ죬죬ǵأأ
ѪڤҶȶȻɳѪڤٶȿʵڲ˼飬ڻƽ޽ոһ̣һǹڻƽ޽Ľ롣
ǲײһϣţƿʼչѻƽ޽һ飬ʱһʧ֮ϣɸֽ֣ʣһҶȡ

λһغˣҶȶȻͶѪڤѪڤǶԳ򣬻գգ۾ʹüģһУٶʵ̫죬ú˸޷Ӧܣʵ벻һɣȻӵַ
ңѪڤһǵǰԵԵ£һˣʧɥ꣬ո
ͣ
ѪڤֱӴ̵ͷ­ʬ׹һ̣ʬӵסδʧѪڤ񣬿˲٣ӵעһأȽҪһЩ
ŮˣգҪū
˶ԸһˣȻռϷ磬ƺֶΣں֮䣬ּɫ˿͸ޱϢһʵжôǿᡣ

ۿ˿ҪʱҶͻȻźɷһɺɫ籩ɳ̴סˣǲ˿λɣһһ롣
Сӣʲô˿ɷһļ£ȡɣע⣬ҲҪ롣
᰷ڸĺøϢ죬ҪʩչĽѧ
ҶƮ棬ڲݵϣһԣû˵ʲôʼΪԼɣֲĵĴ
ĿǰʵնɱһأȵڶأӦҲпܣǸҪЩ
Ҷʩչɷ̰ɱӵȡһɶأһأʵǴƷȲأҲȥ
ҲаһһͼͼʱѪ¯ͭɫϣֳһۡ
ʬ壬ҵģ
ҶȿʼλôǿٶȺܿ죬죬ʬ壬Ϊ˸ʬ
ϻ콣󣡡
Ҷȴö䣬ҳҪĶһؼ׽ȻҪԸΪһλĽߣõ˽ǾҪף
ҵѪ¯ûǿķ򣬺ãҾ͵з֮һĽ򣬽˿꽣󣡡
ҶȲ˿꽣Ѫ¯ܳɫȴܼߣ׽˿꽣󣬼ֱ͵ļʱꡣ


130 ¹ǿݳ
ǿѪ¯Ҳ÷ߣҶȾٸЩЧԶ׼
Ѫ¯˷Ҳʾ
ǿµĽ˿꽣ǡֲ
ϾʢɲϴˢµĿģҡҡ׹֦Ҷï֮͸ǿ
£ҶڲݵϣԶһĿ񣬴ʱ˿̣ҶȫͶѪ¯֮У̤뱱ʿ磬⣬ǿߣ췱ǣҪ棬ֻǿԼʵ
Ѫ¯֮УˣЩۣɲʵ뷨ɵģҶնɱλɣ֮£ֻһۣںϡ
ԭҪȫܣǵõ˵ľţ޵򣬲Ҫ޵ֻۣͻɾɣ޵ۣƩҶȣҲ޷ֻۣܰᡢ۲пܡ
öǧħǲãҪѽ˿꽣ɣѪ¯ںϣʵ򵥲ܣֻнħ
˿̣ҶʶѪ¯֮Уѽ˿꽣ϸһ飬ʼóʮöǧħǣ̴ǧͼͼ֮Уͼħǡ
˿꽣ȷʵ棬ֽ󣬿²ڷ䣬˸Ѷʺң
պý˿꽣ףҶȿʼվͼͼ龻ħսһһ
˿꽣һ󷨣ҪΪ˿һϸǧĽһ׾Թ
һ裬
֮֮ΪԭʼԪлûתûԪγһԪ
ľˮΪӲ߰Թ
֮ԭʼԪҪԦӵдͨɣϵǿߣп޵֮
ҶȲɣ޷޳ɣ˵طҪ˿꽣󣬸ܣֻ

һ˫һ֣һץһɹӴͼͼðͬʱҶӿʥⲢѪɫں֮գγһȦʮɵʥ
˰˼ҪҶȾΪˣǵɸе
䡭
ս·ߣҶһȭһƣϴϿַγ书·ߣʼ˿롣
Уһͷ˿Сʼ֮гΣŰ룬˿縡ʥ˿ԽԽ࣬ʱ䲻ƣ󼸺ҪȫΪһž޴˿΢΢ŷҪȡա
ҶȾ࣬һһͨǳ
ʱչüȥѪ¯գһųɵ˿ҿβֿԷ룬ʱγ״ʱֻ˿
̣Ҫʱ䣬ģÿһᣬֻҪ޾Ҷͷ󺹣ЩģɣҲ
ħϼӳҶϣȻҶ޷ȥӵо޴ͨĽֻ÷ֹʡ
ڶɽ
Ѿ˼ɵһҶûϢ֣մħ֮̿ʼӳֽ󣬿ưɳĽ˿ʼսǧλš֮תһץ˿ʼ״һʱ֮䣬һĽγɣһŴա
ҶƱ仯ʱγԲΣգֻΪһٲһ˿ͷ֮֮󣬽ֿγһݷգնǧٿס
󲻶λλ״ϣÿһ̬ʽһͬǣҶһֿƣʶһɽ֮ơ
ƽ̬ת򵥣Ҫ;ȥƣÿתһ̬ҪǶԽ˽⣬ʵӳ֡
ͣ
֪˶ã֮Уǽ̬ת֮ʱȻ˿Ѫɫʥ⽣˿ȻγһѪɫ޽統ǿʩչĽ֮Уһƽ޽һ㡣
Ѫɫʥ޽ûлƽ޽ǰԵǣѪɫ޽֮У͸ŵâ桢ƿأһ޽ȻȲϻƽ޽նɱһأǿܵġ
Ҷŵɶأ˽壬ôལ󣬾ѾǸ񻰣˵ȻȲɣɣһ죬һء
˿꽣ȷʵ޷ȫƿأͻƵ˵ԣԺҪ֮Уʯʯпռ䣬зʿȵȡ
˿Ҷ˼Ȼķǳƣ˯һҪ˯һá
ĿǰľʵۣҲδʲôۣһ㣬ֻʩչһӵۣۿй
˿꽣һԽΪĽҶʶУֻ齣ŵĽּУҶȶԽرʶߣǷâǹ޹ǿڡ
Ѫ¯˿꽣ںϣǽ󣬽ӳֽҪǿϾӵͼͼ飬̫ǿ󣡡
Ϣһ֮Ҷڰѽ˿꽣ɣֻɹȴҪ
Ѫ¯ԴȪǴǧͼͼ飬ӳҶȵѪ¯ѾԽɣӵˮ׼һҪȹͼͼ飬ǲƵģȴϹַˣǧͼҫ
ͼͼҲʶģҶȣȻҪػҶȡ
һ˿ûѪ¯ؾ֮У֮У͸ŽİԵâѪ¯֮УҶ´˿꽣̥һ̥һȻűǷƣݿĻ

֪˶ãһ΢ͻȻϹïԣŪˢˢ죬˿̣һ̿յˣۣһĨޣ֮УȻ˿˿Ȼ޵ľѧ
Ʒʱ˾õʩչ׽֪ҲӣʺÿˣҲÿ˶ͬ;ѡпܵͻһء
Ҳ͸˳ˮ飬ȴû뵽ҶȾȻ޵óɹһʮ⣬·Ҷȣڲɣѡʱ̤뽣ڣҲţ˺ҲȻǸСȴúܣҲأ
ǰòˣǰأҶմħ϶ݾޣ״̬Ѿָ߰˰ˣ̸Ӧ˴ڣ̧ͷһʩ
£²ĵҲû£ȷʵǲöԸǹ취ڻ֪ĸ
ɷ
Ҷ֪˼ַҶȲֻ̫࣬ò⣬վǰأǰħ߹ڵĵ¹ӦòԶ˰ɣ
ţϷǧ֮󣬱ǻļԭҰԭҰ֮£ǵ¹ǣħ߹³֮һġݳǡ˵ͷ
Ҷüһ̾ݳǣ
΢֮УУˣ޾ˣݳǴѾܾãħ߹ڳǳ֮һ⿧ݳΪ棬ǳرħ߹ռ䣬һͷħݾޣħݾбֻħݾ޵ǣǾݱ䣬ȻĽһ³ǳأ
һɾǽɵĿݳǣ
Ҷȷһ̾Ȼش½ܼ˵ľţܽһǳأħݾǶô޴󣬶ħ߹ǶôΣգһ硣
ݳǽħ߹֮ϣħ߹뿧ݳ֮䣬һϲռ䣬ϲռ䣬Ҳħ߹ѳģʿڶϲռҲڶϲռ䣬ţħ߹ϲռ䣬ɱʿأҪٴͻƣʮǿ󣬾߽ɣܶ޷Ʒ
ǰϵѿռ䣬ѵ²ȥħ߹һع޷׽
ħ߹׾ܳģֻڶϲ籩ʱħ߹·ͨǿ߲ŻҪȥħ߹ҲҪϲ籩ңÿһζϲ籩Ҳֻܼд˳룬ϧϲռѾ֣ǿ޲Σ޷ȫӡ޲ֻöϲռڣֻҪչħ߹·Щǿħ޷ݣ
֮Ҷӿ죬ӶԷУΣգǰ˵ħ߹ȷʵΣյĺܣ
ڿݳʿɣϲռҲɣûеɸУֻ·һңдаʿ˵˺ݺݵһҶȣܸӡ
Σյĵطҳɳ
Ҷһ֪ΪΣо˴ħ߹֮Уʲô鷢һĬһһУļԭҰ۶ȥ


131 Ңֵ
ͷĻԭûһһľӷŷǳܲһ󣬱ľŴ̹Ǻ죬ʱʱջƮһƬëѩѧԭϿգȴΪ˺ɫѩ
ԭûû磬γкܶ࣬Ʃʿǿֻĳһ콵а
Ϸūɡ
һͻȻըǿɾַɳҪߣ˭ɳһӰֻ˴һӣһĻɨˣʩչȫ޷⣬գۼ䣬ŴͣΪʯ
Ӱ˴һץƣ˲ɹĻʬŻӰ档
˻£ǵ棬ƺһݲǰַʧڵ档
ಡ
ԼһӣҶ˴ӰɳڸոսĵϿգҶ·ѺۣĮĵɶǿߣȻвһУ˲Ϊаͻʬ
˾аһɢһȻǵأʵأУһ㲻뿪ϲռ䣬ϣõĶ·ǿݳǣߣ
Ůߣָһһ棬伸£һУ˴ͷУҶȽŽ룬ʧɫϣȻʲôۼҲûС
Ҷֻо½ףȻǰһ˫أһȻһߵ֮Уŵʯ̳ɣģܣĹ֮£Ϣȫһ޵ǳƣϢӸа񡭡
Աߣܣﻹǿݳǣ·һųǣ֪Ϊξ£һǣݳǰǰ
ߵͷһϳǽ֮󣬳ֺľҶŴȫǲ˼顣
ǰ޵ĵ룬Ȼһ޴ݿǣɫƣݿǸԼǧɣֱǧɣֱһСǳأݿϳвٲ͵ؿȥݿǳͷһ
ڴݿ֮գиӰɳ۶ԼԼ֮УݿǷ֡
漣漣֪ľӴǰժȡգ
ž޴ݿǣҶһԶĳʱյĴޣƺûȥֻڳ˯ŷʱ
½Сĺأ⿧ݳĵطв٣޵ɣɣﶼȥã˴һҶȣһ̣ҶϿĳһֳԽ׵ĸо
ɡ˵ǰ⿧ݳǴΣתҶȻָƽĮģ
ݳǸ޷شȻһǳأûгвپͷЩͷָݳǣԹԣÿڳǳ֮Уɱ¾ȱȽǣЩͷҲȥܣݳǲǳأľͷʵ඼һЩѱǼֻɵӣʧȥݻԭݳǱңڣԼ
ǰһһīʯǰſݳǼͽ˵أϢڴ˲뿪ǶߣЩͷߣ׿ݳȨһ㲻ŴɵӣŴɵҲڴţΪͷаϵÿһа߶ǿĺܣɣҲʮͷۣ
ô˵ڿݳǣԵĻаߡҶ׸ţݳǹȻǸ֮أһʿĵ硣
֮䣬ѾǱݳǷΧ洦ɼװʿӿݳǳ룬޵磬һʢа֮羮硣
ķʿΪҲһЩɸ߽ʿߣǸɸǰ߶
оҶڿŵϣֲĿΧ˭ǿߣڣһɶߣϰĵͼ޾ɫˡ
ףⲻô
Ҷȡ˳ݳ̸ϴȥʱʱһˣһ˷һֵܣͷɫ壬ͷǸʮͷç˫֮ˣ̸к
һ㶣ڿݳʶ֮ˣ֮٣һ˿ˣ˲¶ϲЦݣҢ磬磬磡
Сãϴ㲻˵ʱݳ𣿡ҢһĿˣʱʱҶϡ
˿ЦСŲǳɢˣ߻һ½ʵңԶһѰȥҲþУⲻλ磬ߣСýλúþһۣ
ҢֵܣΪҢأҢأҢأ֮нһԶһѹ֮С
ҢԻ֮ʱѾݰиҶȣõġ
ҢֵܺȻһۣҶȣҢɻʵӣλСֵ֪ܲˣΪΣղѣ
һҶȣЦǺǵصСõĽףҶȣСһͬǰţ÷㣬ʹ¹ǣ
ҶȭҶȼλǰλǰչˣ
ֻжʮҢˬЦȻӵˣֵܿ϶չ㣬ǣ˵ΣյúܣߣǶҵ
λ磬룡·ͿҢֵܽ뿧ݳǣҶȽ󣬲ԲעΧһС
뿧ݳǣտݿڣֻо¥ջÿֶǣʱͷӿﲻݿϷǶͿǱӥ콨ҶȸовٰԵϢɸ߽ΪءأضУҪ룬ϢԽǿĴڣǾǿݳߡ
ݳʿʮǶôǿһκɣ齣š᰷ڶ޷ȣֲŴɲ뿧ݳǶ
ҶһҹģеȾ¥ҵһλãǡÿԿݳǷ羰ҶϸĹ۲죬ѿһУС
ݳҶУֱһɾͷ磬׼һһǿνһɽһɽߡ
ӣζҪСЩǳɢϴαֵܴܣ϶ʣСˣгرһˣ
һ֮Ң¾Ʊ˲죬ʮֽض˶䣬Ҷһ൹ơ
˴ĵ׸мҢ󣬾һ֮ʵҢ磬Īǳɢ˻׽ɢˣ
ߣթĺܣ˶ɱȫɱʱҢֿȵ
Ң˿ھƣŵݳǳǿߣаǿߣ˶Χ𣬵ûħ߶ϲռưԣ˭ȥ׽Ѱ·ɾпܣթ쳣öϲ籩ǾߣҲЩɵ籩һռ䣬ֻ·һ
ǽߣôǿ׷ɱȻеֵôһ˵Ҷһʶ
˴һɣʵճʱֻΪŹȥ꣬޵˿ֲ
Ң󿴳ɻ󣬽͵ʮֲӵһͨǻ壬֮ԭʱ䲻ǿɲʿȻʵӵи߽Ϊʵ
Ҫһλ棬𣬵ǲ֪ΪΣħ߹ƺһǣһ𣬶ǰڲǰɢնɱһλǿߣǿ߱󣬾һһӰ俧ݳǣ췭ضǲ֪ΪΣǵӰȻ޷ħ߹ֻܲȥҢ˵ʱȫǾƺԺһֱٵľ档
𣡡
Ҷ⻹ǵһɼڣƮ촫˵ʵ顣
ֵܴЩ뿪ݳǣʮòٱֵܰУӣñȥΣյشúأҢʮйС
λģСд㣬ۣ֪ʱۣСý޵ôͨһȥҢ忴λ磡˶Ңֵܣʩһ˳֣ڳɢС
ˡ
ͻȻҢһ𶯣ɫһСҢ磬ǹղֳһΣ
Ŷ
ҢһֵܾܣӴ֮󣬶⣡
ƺҲѣѲСҶ˶ԻͫУǷĵļɵ
ӣҶСܣֵܾʹ˸ǣأҢֵվٴм䣬ʩȥ
Ŀ뿪ͫ¶ŵģҧź촽֪ȴġ


132 
ݳ״ֵ׳ۺΰҶ뿪¥ĴתһתɹһЩرƷ׼䵱Ҷ׼ʽȥħ߹ϲռҪĿ껹Ѱһпܣշ
ǿޱȣɶ޷ȡĴڣҶʵ޷ƷҶȾͲģһ𣬶о޴
žž
ǿӣȣǵⱲӣΪΪūɣ
һͨתֵͷλʿ̿Ӵܣһǿ̰Ѽס֮ѹڵ棬һ֧飬Щ˸Żɫ磬һʥͷЩŰ裬ֵܴʿǻɫϵİɫͷŵò֨ͷĬĬ̡
㣬ĲɫҲףʺϸԷˣϷɣ
ͷߣǸѮ𣬴Ҳǻɫ磬һͷ׷ÿһȻͷŷâһɫ룬ڷâ
һץȺ֮ץסһλĸʿ˾Ȼɶأôһץ޷֮
ܼҴˣҰɣҿóвƲ
ʿһ֮ס޷վǰָϴԶɳȥ
Ŷ
üһͫ͸ɭɭİ׹ǹâһĿ⣬аһס䣬ĿһﵹµģССϣ
䣡
ľӸⷬ仰ͻȻ֮Χռ𿪣ʿƤ򣬺ըѪһɫʯ
ܼҴ
ʮסʿͬʱ¹򣬲
ߣǿܼңﲻ𣡡
һʱ䣬ʿԹۣ׷뿪ػأһһߣٶ֡
ǰһ׼Ҵ㳤ʱħ߿ռǱޣ
ʱڽֵ洦ɹҶˣͥŲ߱ģʿ뿪Ҳû⣬ֵʱͻȻԿʿһλ˼ˣʱ侫⣬ܼ˵ϼ䡣
ܼͻȻһץֱ֮ӳ忪ֱֵײʿЩʿ˾䣬֮ԾȻץȥ
ţСģ
ҶͻȻͣסŲһɷ񲻰Ŀһܿռ侹Ȼ׺ǿֿײסˣԼٸ߸߷ϰգڵλã֮÷顣
ǿˣ
ͣգ·Ƿ֪жôǿᣬ־֣ͷ̸о²˲伱١
Ҷڣһ۶ǹܼɭɭĿ⣬һأа֮аߡ
ǰУӳһһߣҶ֪üޣȻΪζԷҪԼ֣һǿɱҶ״²ƺֻӡ
ಣ
˱ǿҶȾͳݳǳŻΪһ裬ǶĿȥ
ߣ
ܼɫԶˣξȻΪһӰƾʧǵӰħطأֱӳҶȡѹȶ
Ѫڤ񣡡
ħ壬ݰֲҶ˼Լɱﵣһ֣ץסѪڤ񣬳Ӱһǹ
ҶȲŽˣǰֿߣ˴㣬ǰħ߹ڣֻҪ޷ң
˿ǿ֮ˣﲻҪץң϶ҪūŮһץסֻ·һȻ˾Ǿʹ˱
ٱһĨԸ⣬֪ѪڤǸ߽һҲҪԴԹϺԶ

һΣӰʧ٣ָܵʮԶĿռ䣬ұը赲˹ܼ𣬲ֻ赲һʱ֡
øߣݳǵһˣһ죬һȡͷݳ֪ҵֶΣҶǧʣû취ʩչȫǰаĻȥ
ʲô˰ԵϷ޷ۣ
Ŀռ䣬ͷѪɫʲôܼ̤һƣ˲ʧʮλߣܼŭŮʿһҪץס׸ˣܵͣ
ǣ
ৡһȺ̳ʧȥЩˣΪҲϣǿߣӵΪ
Сӡ϶챦ʲôʹͣҲȲһǿҸоȳǿʮԶڳˣ׽Ϸһ
ܼЦǺǵش̣˼Ƭ̣һӣϢҲϷ٣ϷһҪץסˣ

ԹܼΪһˣҶʧȥ˵ǷɣʵѾռԾһ㣬ٶҶ屶ʮ
Ҷ˰ɣȻ˸Ҹܼҳ֣һһֻеɶصߣǶȥ֣
ʱ˿̣ڷҽֵܣǿʿ£֤ǲ˼һĻں£ʿβȥ

ţ
¹ǣһգȻһתаħɫĻɣףʱʱʿзɳǽ롣
֮УҶǱʩչȫĻȥһңһӣʱɫ󷽣һϯصøƨ棬û뵽գ۹͸ˣǸ߽ɣκ΢Ϣβ桭Σһֻ̤ڹŹأ
ĺ񱻱Ҷû뵽˿ֲٶȿò˼飬ֻٶȣɫĻǧס
ಣ
һ֮䣬ҶڵĿռ䣬Ȼһ̣һᣬ˲ӿһ޴ĺںɫ㡣

찡ʲôǿᣬ߽ɰһаߣ
ķصʿɲǼӦһɷյֱжϿռ䣬Ӱ쵽С
Ըһߣ˾ȻʵЩСãҼȴ˳ɣ
ܼˣһءǿߣһɲмվȴš
֮У
³˵²ˣ׸Ҷȼٷɳаռ䣬ٶٿ죬Ȼ޷Խ
СӣֵøˣϷ򻹴δԵʹùϷʩչǶǸ߽׾ͷ
ʱҶҲգһôţܼС߳аĴţ̰Ҷȡ
ҶҲһ侲ܼ𣺡λǰޣΪοƣ
ܼĵȷʵû𣬶Ҫץ㣬ֻϷ˶ѣϷڿݳɱ˭ץ˭ԣϷǷ
Ƿ
ɫڳ˫ͫһ󾫹⣬ҶЦǷˣһǰǿ˵㣬㡭ϥһѣҡβ㲻ʧȥô
СӣϷϷץס㣬Ҫĥ꣬Ĩȥ꣬ΪϷڶԪ񣡡ܼҶһûðɡ
ҶȷЦȻĿһָ̧֣һָ죬£ɣȸ֪һգҪժȡͷҽ֮裡
ߣգŶȷʵУ壬ΪϷķϷúɾϴСӣɣ
ֻܼǼ򵥴һץҶΧĿռ䣬Ȼһ߾߿ֲаͿܣǧܴΪͳͳҶѹȥ
аߣɱ˶ʿ
֮аͣҶɫģһŻƽʥ⣬ڱаס˲䣬˱ʥ˲ʧ
ţ
ܼһӣаʹʧҶȾȻҲӰܼҧгݣһɶϣ챦ͻϷĪһСӣ㾹Ȼضħ߹Ѱ·ϷڵߣҲҪҵ㣡


133 
ɫĻ֮Уһ磬粨ľ棬Ϲٲ׹׵Ԩʿһ̤ɫâ̱ɫǣֱ·硣
ͨȻλħ߹ɾͷ޷ӡͨλ֮γɣ
һʥɫĻҶȣ̤һ̣û۲羰̱ɫâǣֱ׹䡣
Ҷ֪ͨ󣬲ûзſʥ⣬һµ̾ǿܼǿߣأͿֲò񻰣򣬾ȻǰңǧаͣɰأҲϣȻа߱һʿҪǿ󣡡
һܽҴ֮ѣǿŴǧͼͼ飬ͼ֧㾧񣬲ǿԽ򣬷һΣҾ£Ҳ·һ
ҵʵ̫̫ɣһҪͻɣʱֻ꣬Ľ죬ҳ֮գҪ֮Ҳ֪ǰǷ˳뿪
֮ͨУҶһǾղһۣµúܣξǵǷȫ뿪¹ǡ
໡
Ȼ仯ĻʧһƬɫԭϿգҶȸոշֲһʱ֪һĽҶȲ
ʲôޡǣ찡ɽһ޴
Ҷվֱ壬أȻ·ԭվһֻʮɵѪǣҶſˮ˫Ѫ̰ͫҶȻ
Ȼħ߹㣬գڣ
ݵһѪڤ֣Ҷȸö룬ֱץסѪڤ񣬳һǹ
໡
ѪǸ߸ǰצŭХӿУһֲаѪɫҶȼ
䡭
Ѫڤһǹͱ֮Уǹ綹ѣѪڤ֧飬෴Ѫڤȴɽӵǹ˿޷赲ѪڤֱӴ̴Ѫͷ­ڴأ̳һ޴ӲŻʧ
һһѪɫһϢزѪϪˮһ㻺ȥҶһƿ¸ȡһԴСˣ봢䡣
Ȼһλδﵽѿڣ޾ͳ˾޴󣬹ֲǿݳǵжӴ
ôһˣֵǮһصǡҶȵӦܰûΣգ̿ʼĿܻ
ƺһĿռ䣬һɫâγɵĿռ䣬Ҷȸоֱֻǧ׶ѣھͷָܵһƬռĿռ䣬ʮңϡӦʿϢ
ҶڵƬʱգǣʣ±ӺۼСռʿֹһаնɱɾ
Ȼ紫˵һħ߹ϲռ䣬಻ͬСʱգڼƣȻСʱձӦòʿˣȻˣҾڴǱһЩʱգȡ̵أ
ҶһɨҵһصѨʩչӡȻѪ¯СʱϢںϣҶ̲Ѫ¯֮С
Ѫ¯Ҷգóʮǧħǣǧͼͼ֮У̿ʼͻƵأӦò£ڸղ뿭ǿ߽֣ʩչȫ߹ǿ̣һͻ
ңأ
վħҶʩչѪ壬ʼڰ̵أҶǰһ㱡Ĥȫһͱܴơ
ɾʮأȻʮأȴܹɣҵɾʿÿһ磬ͻԼ򵥣ǧ֣ɣǾ򣬵ڵɾʿȴÿһͻƣ쳣Ҷ˵ͻȴʮּ򵥡
ҶѳԽɶأɣͻȻһףҶȲô룬ҪȻȥͻƣͻƣͻƣȥͻƣЧܲ
ȷ߲ȻҪ߲Щ죬ͿΪϣӪζ޷Ȼȡ
˿̣ҶȾ״̬ҲȻͻƣħ߹֮أѾݲҶɳͻƸ߽׾磬ӵиǿ
Ҷȵ壬ڳڵɵȴڵɴҶжôܣٹǣʹ
ͣ
ת۶ʹ״̬£죬ͻȻ̶ִһɹҶΧŷҪȼգħ߹а֮ĦƬն𶯡
ƣ
ŭһҶͻȻſ˫ۣһɹҫҫۣһ̣ˮйբ泩Ϣ֮ͫмҶֻ΢΢һɨܰûλβ
ͬʱڵ֮Уǳ죬ȻһۣʧһΣ͵һأǳȻΣ֮ǰ˲٣֮У˸ʥҫޣںϡ
ϣĿǰöþͻɾءʮأ
֮ҶȻΪˣóһѩ׳ϣһ飬ϲѣͻƵأ⡢ǡϸѪо޴棬֮ǰǿἸ
ȳȥһӣһԲҸطͻأҶȸоһͻƣʵʵ֮ǰǿ٣ѾԽ˵ɣɣͻƣ´ЧҲֻϵı仯Ȼûб仯١
ϢƬ̣ҶץʱɳѨϸķϢڶϷƬСʱգһ޴ʱգȻ
ٿٿ
Ҷȸ֮ʣͻȻâʱշֱ˺ƬʱչĻǼϢ˷
ǿϢϣǿߣأҲ֪Ⱥ⴦СʱΪ£
ҶɻǱڵ档
ٺ٣ڣƨޣ
֮УʮλװʿΧסʿ۵ʮǱѡ
ߣҵʦ̻Ԯڣǵ죡
λʿ֮У곤λʿһָĺȵÿһÿΪ֮Х
ڡ֪ˣǱ֮һȻһȺɢ׷ɱޣʲô
ǱڵµҶȣһһϸÿΪѾÿһС
ʱڣҶȺ𾪣ڱвٳɣƩ᰷ڡ齣ţڣǱ᰷ڻҪϵĴڣһߵλɱ䣬ڣ
޲ڵӵõǴжãϴΧܹűնöޣǲҪȻ˵ڵõģ
ʲôɣɢޣڱȴޣ¹ǣħ߹򣡡
λֵ˵ĶԣնĹޣӵֵǣҪǹã쿪
ǣǧ뿪ƬʱգȻǰնȫնɱˣޣ
ʮλɢޣʱ˿̾ȻΧˮйͨÿһ˶Ʒʥһʱ֮䣬˴Σա
ޡȻǴնģ˵һޣǿƿ𲿷ؼԸܵĴڣһƷ׵ö࣡
ȻҶϳһḬ̃Ȼħ߹͵õϢ콵ˣȫѹ
䣡
һ䣬սһַһ˽һˣ˸ֲ˶á
λֵܣӣ
λ곤ˣһңһѪֳһɽüͷͻȻһ
ˡ
ڴ˿̣ͻȻһԶ֮
ֻˣȻһϵĺĹӰΧκιӵߣڴ棬ǹص֣ͼڣ϶أÿһڴϣЩ֡ͼھͻ˸Ŀҫ
Ȼڵڷӣ
ȻֻǸƷ˷Ǽֵλֵܣڳޣֶһ䱦ɱˣޡӣ
ɢˣʼһ͹


134 ڶʳ
ӣ
ľͷһŴͣӣҶȰ˵֣ڶλ˽ţÿɣʲôЩţǿߣ֪һЩ
ӣǿǴдµһϹɱõԴ˷ڣλ棬ҲǴ˵еĶ᰷ʮɷһ
ǸƷϵĺɷҲʮɷƷѣߣƳɹʮɷҵģƺҵĺɷҪ߼ö࣬ɷʥƷнףӣѾʥƷеĶҪĴڣӵնɱ߽ɶпܣ
ţգҶĿԽϳӵڱصõ

ʮˮײӣضɽҡ𶯣˺ѣСʱƺҪʧ
ӣҲܲסҵȫһλֵܣӰѾѾ޷֧Ŷã
һλΪߴصɢǿߣŭһΧˣ뷢ѣӣӱǹ֡ͼڹâһϵͭɫߴһɵĹϴӡ
ӱ壬һӵԵķȻǸƷҲһʱʹ߲Ҳ羳һڽʹڿҪʱ̣һǸ߽ɣҲ޷ơ
֮ϣֻɸ߽׾ͷܷ߽ͨɣõһҲֻܷӼˡ
ӵӣпӵвʱ䣬Ѽ죬һӽǽΪ绢
ɶ񡭡
Χڵˣ˿ƣʵ޷ȥ߶ҪǿΪأҲɡ
ˣ
ڣԼĴ޷ӣۿӱ𣬽ΧֲˣһԿҶ˾˵Ϊǿλˣʵڲʡ
ޡɱλʦܣգҲҪǵ汳
һаֻܻ֣һߴСɢȣȴСʱҶʼ¡
ǽ磬磡
ޣͻȻ˫¸һɰͻȻͬʱڵȻһͣһ۱ըâըͬγһ˲ɢ
ȻԻԱûᣡ
Ҷȼ˷ըΧɢǿѾ˲յޣ׷׼ǿԱ㿰һСģͻҷ
Ѫ
һԾ޴ѪɫѸײڶ֮ƻգڱըɢһ̣ԳԽըٶȴնޣŰסӳշȥ
һĻûκη֣лŵˣľڷԱпȥҲû뵽ƬСʱգһֱǱһߡ
䡭
Աγɾ޴籩Ȼһת壬ɢ޶Χһʱ䣬ɢһһڷ籩֮У籩岻½Сʱմһ޴ؿӡ
ء
Сʱſ磬Ǳ˻ߣźţ͸¶Įѱըʧĳɵһɶ
Ϊޣ㸶ҲֵãλֵܣѰӣ
ɢؤӻ˯˺ţͫ͸ȥҲȲδãһƣΪգʩչ֮ƿСʱգȴһ
ô
ӡ޶ˣѵԱǰǰ׼ʱꣿ
ֻһֽͣޱѵ汦һھͷȻҲ׷ʱӦþڸʱգ
ѰҰ죬һλǿСʱգһò㱳޴󣬴ͷʲôҲûõɢʿû˿֮ģУΪҪȶһ׼뿪Сʱա
ɱڵӣﲻ죬ҲҪѩޣ
ɲǼ䣬Сʱ˲䶳ᣬÿһɳֹ̾һһΰӰƺֱӴħ߹ʱշ򣬾Ͷ㣬ʱܡ
ʱ֮УȫǿܣۣΪɳľڣʵʴڣʱշֶͨΡ
ʱʱ֮ͨǿ򡭡డ
˸޷֣ƶֽţѹģƲ壬һ̣ǵɸ߹ͷ­ΰӰ󣺡ǴˣǴˣһΪūΪͣѣҵˣ
ݣ
Ȼٲ£أһλ߳ĻͲʮ˻͸һʰ֮˫ͫǺޡ
ףԶţڣĳδһһժȡǳ
ҵˣĴڣˡǵ񣡡
ǰȫûƢԣΪǸܵƣȫһУһɿᱻ˲ɱʧ
Ϊ࣬㻯񷣬²ߣҪµܿຣͷҾµɣ
귭һѹСʱմؾȻһ޴ɫʱ͸ޱȵа֮

˷˲аһŴ죬ˣʧػָ
Ҳ涹Ϊ࣬߸ϣȴҲȲǣ鳾
ꡰ涡۷⣬֮УȻλڵȥʱԼ鷢ȻĿޱȡ
ţ
⻭ͻȻͣһѪ⣬ȡӡ˲䣬ʧޱ飬ֻ֮͸һ˿ŭ𣺡ùøֶΣĻѾӡϢĺһʱ޿ѰرϢ
Դ㲨СʱգһжָȴӰ
ɾءڵĲͷӣһĲڡ
˺ᣬΪ֮ϣһǧңҲһУҺøղôǧͼϺ㾧λϢ·һ
һʱյĺڰգһĨȽȽ֮ðţҶȴ˲ԾһƬħʱա
ڶޣνڶʳκһλɢޣӵɱҶȵʵλڳĲӣΰӰҶԺصɾеĲ࣬½ǾͿԽһɡ
涳һ̣ҶȾ͸оʱնڶԷƿ£һ̧֮䣬ܻٵһʱգκʡ
ҺСȻͻƵأǰǸ߽ɣûз֮Ϊӡ޶һǿ߶ϣòʧ߻в涣ͳͳ;бԽѣһֳ죬
ħ߹ΣķĿǰʵֻӦɶأ֮У߽洦ɼҾڴͻƣѹʵȡͻơ
͵۾һɨһʯԭҶУʩչѪ¯ú㾧ƽʱմ½أѪ¯һħ߹ƬʱںΪһ壬߽ɣҲԷѪ¯򣬳ӵرռͨǿߣпܷҶȴڡ
Ѫ¯֮Уģһ޴Ѫɫ¯ȽȽȼգǧͼͼ㾧лҶ̴ʮǧħǣôħǾȫ֮Ҷһء
ȼհɣҪᳬԽʮʱ˲䱬Ϊͻƣްƿ
ʮħǽѪ¯֮Уϸղһһϰöǧħǣڵ˵ʵ졣
ޣ
һץ֮УһƻƹεӰİɫ⣬һ̣ųֵĻһھааħ߹Ҫ죬У޷ƿء
𣬺ǿаǿΪȫɣҲѣǸ߽ɣ
Ź֮УȻܵһɱԴǿ󣬿壬ͻֹ֮ޣʱúͶȡпܣ
һҶѾ޷ӡѪ¯֮УѪ¯ӵдǧͼϹ֮£ʵСһࡣ


135 ͻ
ӣ
˵һҶһץӵڣɳһɫӣ֡ͼڷŷڳ˯һȥӹͨ˿ͬ
ɷһ֮ƷʱȺɷҪ߳ΣӽĴڣһŸ߽ɹҲԼְʱӷӡӦ÷ǳǿֻͻ֮󣬽ͼͼſԹƣ̫ΣգױǱ־ɱ
Ҷϲӣޱȳأȹ̣Ϊһ壬ãأһշӽΪҶĿǰǿ󷨱𷨱ʮֺãʵ
ʹõĳַ֮У϶ӡǿ־ֻǿʵƽзӡ
ʱ򣬸о÷ֹʣۿһʢ磬ϧ޷á
ȣ
˿̣ռͻȻһĦըҶӣĿѪ¯ϰħȫѪ¯ݲ£ã˿ͻʱ̣
ҶȸߴӰգն˲䣬ҶȲڵﳬԽɵҰڳҶÿһ缡о屻ǧһʹࡣ
кҶʱ佥ţ֮ڰҲֻʣҶȾӦСģǳ췭ڡתǱҶӸ߼Ĵڡ
ħӳ
һץѪ¯̣ԴԴϵħǾҶ壬Χںϡ
ģʱ䲻ʧҶȸоΧһҪϢĸоݲ˺

ϢȻںһ㣬ǿۣҲڲʱʱС
ʱ˿̣ϢȫҶȺڱ仯ں嫵ȫҶһڲ
أƣ
͵سȫһɲǣҶΧҰ͵ҶӼʼ⡢ǽǣһδΡһĳǧУʹ࣬һʿ᲻
ʿ֮࣬ԽնɱСӵгԽţȻǿҲԽʿ޴ʹࡣ
ȷͬСֻۣܳˣһСȴˣȻҪˮԽǳɣС˵زˣӲȥأֻгˮ³
Ҷ״̬һֱСۣ˲óܵһͷţС۾ͻݻ٣ҲҪܸ³
ӡԽͬʱ뷨ÿʿУʿѡһͻʱǻ֮ʱпܴݻٽֱӱʹ࣬
ʱҶȻһ쾮ΧհҶ֮Уһ޴֧Ȼ·һֱϣҶͷֵ£һϳһδѭʹ
ž
һ˽һ˳֮ڣȻըűһ㣬žͣÿһαըҶֻҧ֣Ƥ⣬ȻѪЩѪȻͨɫҺ״ںҺ״˷ֲ塣
Ҷȸоÿһըˣ˷ĩҲЩѣŷһм尾Ƴޱһ߽⡣
ؾۣǵأعһɰٴ
ڹʱҶͻȻס֮⣬ǺȻڣǺĻޣһɹͻȻ䡣
ﶴ죬ͻȻʼɢ˲ϯ⡢ĹȻʼ顣
죬ŵɾͻƣÿһ״̬һͽ׵ɣֻһȫﵽһ󣬶ͻлûݱ䣬һݱ䣬첻Ҷ֮ڻỺγɶ磬֮ڣ£һµ壬ǾĳΣ̥
̥γɣнʸ
̥γҲ˶죬еĵʿڵɰ˾أ޵õ̥еأҲеĵɣ޵ʮҲ޷̥
һΣҶȾԱɣʵһֱҪ̥һ̥ɣڵӵе̥Ҳһ
컯ΪΣÿһ֮УѪҺҲ̺˶
ҸоܿޣǺɳǳǿʲôҲûУҵʲô
ڶȫںʱͻȻҶ˫ۿĲħ߹ǿһƬڰڰ磬ҶȺߣһǣ沨Сۣ֪˰ںδ
еľͷǼǱ˰ڱ˰ʲôҪȥѰңҵǱǵõҲﲻ˱˰ֻͣЪѰңƯڿ纣Х֮С
ǧһжǵطкۼÿһۼһ
̥ʿؾߺһ㹵ͨ죬Ѱұ˰
̣Ƕ컯Ρᵤ̥Ḷ́ڵ˵̫ͣûдﵽͨصĽޣɣҲܹͨ죬ֻһιͨصĻᣬǵ̥εʱ̡
ԽǿԽеĺۼԽĸӣγɵ̥ǳǧٱÿ˵̥γɶͬ˿԰γɵ̥ÿй켣̥ͬʿţ̥Ҳ漴š
Ѫ塭Ѫڤ֮ǹѪڤ񡭡ȭ
ҶƯգѰұ˰֮ʱͻȻʶһ⣬ۣҶȿһкۼϤȻкۼۼֻһ
ʥ⣬ҫΪָﵽ˰ķ򣡡
һ̣Ҷƺץסʲô˫۾ҶͻȻоƮƮģδйɡ
һκһҶȶܵǶ֮ʱҶȾȻһϤĺۼҶ̰ÿһۼһһһʵʸС
ʱ仺ʧҶȲϴһַÿһۼҶȹȥµĺۼץסЩۼᵤ̥
޵ʱ䣬⣬ʼҶȺȻо崥ʲôۣȻԼվһ̨֮ϡ
ѵҵı˰ùϵļ̨صϢҵĺۼ֮Уų̂Ÿ
Ȼ䣬Ҷһϼ̨̨кܳʱ䣬̨ɫ̺ɫŷ޸Ԫڼ̨ܣȻžŸŸ˼䣬Ӧ״оǾա
ˣŸؿھͼںƣͼ뺮õǾʬ֮еľϢϢأѵ̨Ҳĳֹϵ
ֻϧԴӾҵ࣬Ҿ޷ֻܸоĴڣ޷ƿ

Ҷľͷ˷˼֮ʣͻȻ̨ʧҶ׹޺ڰ֮УҶѹְողźۼ㼣Ȼͣ£ţǰһкڰ羵һѣһƬƬڰ棬Ԩ֮УģһĨĨҫγһĻ硣
ʶڻع飬ҵ
һۣһع飬ҶͻȻо泩ޱȣ̥ǣĿⱻһʥϢ
ϸһҶٴδľͷˡ
֮УγµĶ죬ȫ˱仯˿̵Ķ죬Ȼ˾յĻƽβڻƽʥǺΣγһǳĶ澰
ΪʲôҵĶ죬Ȼ㣬ҵĵ̥ʼûɹǿϧˣ
˿̣Ҷⵤ̥ϧʥƽɫĶ쿴˸飬Ҳûзֵ̥ĴڣֻоΣγޱȵľλ档
һȦʱҶȾ͸о쾹ȻǿصϪˮÿһ̶ڻ
̫ˣ˼飬ĻҵٶȣһӣģɣңԶ
ûκ谭أƣ
һȭ谭һӡ̩ɽѹҶһʱǺӣ谭÷顣
Ǽ䣬һɹɰҶ⣬Ҷһ̥ǣȫžγɣʥƣƽӲڣͻأѪҺҲΪһ˿ơ
أƣ
״̬ҶһգʼҶڣʱʼұըѹ谭طǰǿᣬҶ£ǲһΪС
ء̤żɸ߽ףǵأ谭ϵĴ٣
Ҷʼ֮ǰɢĺͳͳڣѪ¯֮дħҲȫȡ׼ͻƵأһ룬Ҷ˵Ƿظ


136 
ɾˮ룬ǵأһشڵͽףʮز߽ף߽׵ÿһͻƣ֮䣬ǵأһ翪ʼҪ漰ꡣ
ʶӸ߼ͨʶתΪ̬꣬ԪԪɾǿ߲еͨԪϣգЩ˵ֶΣԪԪؾͨһλӵԪ񣬾ֱԪȡؾˮ°빦
ͨǧգҶڿأصţԺӣҲһݣڱڳ֮У۵Ӷѡ
棬̫ˣû뵽γ֮ҵĹ÷̣ÿһʣȻҵѪҺȻҲɵɫѪҺѪҺںϵĴڣ
޳ɾ죬ҵʮʥƷ󣬲֪ɣҵֵ̬ز
½ءأµʹ֮Ҷ泩ɣʼÿһ仯зظ仯֮ҶǼҡ
ȶһֱڳ˯֮Уղȴһ仯ԭͻ󾳽磬ͻƵأ
ڴ˿̣ûгֵĺ壬ԶٴҶԺ
塭
Ҷϲ⣬뺮̸УҶȰһж˵þòҶ֪ܵԼΣůޱȡ
ó̾û뵽㾹Ȼۣõǧͼͼ顢ɳԼ־ʵǾ֣һǿΪħ߹ʵ֣꺮ҲҪģǿݳǵĿߣǧǰǸ߽ɣΪֲĺܣ²ɾأᵽڲӲ涣˿϶Ǻ֮㣬ɾأȻҪԣҪնɱˣܳԽɾ;
涡ߣЩˣ׷;еİʯҪ߿ǡħ߹Ҳһʱû취ǿ߿϶ưոݣͻأӵпءʵٳȥѰֻҪȡúͶʱ򣬾Ǹ߽ɣҲκβң
ҶصڹȥδܽһԺ㣬һһƻϸȷʵǿ󣬲ֻҪҲʹӣһʱҲ鲻ҵټߣ¹ߣ뿪¹ǣûе׷ɱңҪ֪ʿһֱҪ¹ǣ
¹ʿȫ磬ǣλߣһȻҴǻӵɾͷЩͷ¹ǣһжǴ˵һĴڣǾͿֲˣȶ˷СΪʱһ㣡˵
̫ˣ
Ҷȼе֪ʲô߽ɣʶḻҶƺ뵽ʲôʵ壬תΪԪ񣿡
ȻҪͨһδ޵Ԫĺ壬ʵԪ꺮ɾ޵ԪԶˣҾͰĵø㣬ã
Ҷȳ忪ʼصԪĵãһһ˵ҶҶ˵ԪޱȣһʯҶȡ
޼Ľ죬ЩҶ˵ɽһո磬Ԫܣɱˣȡȡأ̽죬һͨҶѪȣ޲޵Ԫա
ȶأʶѱĹؼһ룬ܳɹ꣬Ԫ׼ãͻƵذɣҶȼ͹
ã
һΣҶȿʼѪ¯֮ǲħڳԽɵĺҶأһͻأʵҶȾпء
ǾʬصĽָȻȶµĶ죬ɾͷǷǽָΪʬ֮Уȥ׷ʲôҶõһжע
ĳգһʥ۵ĺ壬գźأϳչͫ⡣
ȻҸоһѹ׼ͻ֮ʱǹһסʶ봢䣬ܣʶȫƿأȻǽѣҾһͻƣޱߣ
˲ͷŵﺣأǳף̺£ѹ֮Уصľ編
編򣬾һżž粻ߣżԽߣҪżҪȫһҪġ
ʲô죬ǷҪƷ죬еķ򣬶ɣ
ѪڤҶֳֳǹһ̫սս޲ʤͬʱһɹɾ編ʼγһĻҶȼӳַӡƺҪһ᲻ɴݵҶڵء
編򣬴һ˿־ȻȲٷ򣬵編ҲСӣһһʧܣڶξ編ͱ֮ǰǿвʿʱ䣬Զ޷ͻƣھ編֮С
٣編󣬶ʿһСϪСϪڻһѵĻǾͻ󺣣Զ޷Ѵ󺣵ͬٷǰԵǻ𣬲һ˿ϣҷ
編򣬾һԶ㣬һ˿ϣȴԶץס
ٷ򣬾ǵħո
Ժһ֮Уʹԭ編򣬲ǰԵǼҪԶ
ǰһж޵ģɽҪƽǴҪضϣ죬ҾҪ˺ѣѪڤ񣬼ӳʥ⣬·߳ڰɣ
Ҷһ̣ѪڤͻȻɳʥâһȼյĻ棬ֱһ㾳編
ͬʱҶȸоһαըžﲻһըȡ˶һδαըһδۣһץĶһμӳҶϣǳѪڤ˲ʣ貶Ŀգһ㾳編򣬽÷顣
ʲô編򣬶Ҫݺᣡ
˲乥ƾ編Ҷһ飬˿̣һηӡ֮ѹѱʶ
ʶɶԱȣʶҲǿڣʶҪѱΪ꣬ȴܵӡѡ
ȶص̨ޣ̨һģıģޣ򷨣⶯𡭡
ҶʱԺһһҶ˷ŷû
һƬ޵磬ȫƾҶô󣬰룬ҲӲ磬ţ޷԰ΣԶӲ硣
ҶͻȻգ˫һ֣ĿһԲ򣬷ſʶʶʶ沨Ѱҳڱ˰
ڴʱҶĺһȫ֮Уľ沨ģ֪˶ãҶȷŷܵǳٻһΰҫϣҶȻſۣ
ݣ
һ̣һ񾫹˫ֱͫɨһھ¿ʼȻȥȻһ޴ʼѡʼ׹գҶâԽʢվһ͸һʵʣһɷ͸Ʈ졣
ҵ꣬ҵľ񣡡
˿̣ҶڴԼо겻һûУһ㲻ÿƣëûһ
ٿ
磬ҶȣͻȻΪһ̳ʧһƹâ

еҶۣ֮ͫУȻ⣬Ǿŷܿһй½룬һУ㲻۵񷣡
о̫ˣо·껪̤ãع£ҵԸоԲǧκӦǷ
ҶȷͷĿδйʣȻ
ͬʱԺȶϲͻƵأͻһЩԪʱ̣һն깦ΪԶ깥꣬ͻĳɳΪԪ񣡡
ҶȵͷӴóʮħǴѪ¯֮УͻƵأ֮ǰ࣬ǿ󣬵Ȼ
ǧͼͼ̾ǧħǣͬʱҲڻ㾧񣬺㾧ں޵ħ꣬Ҫħ򱶣ҲҶȲ߾磬ٶҲԽ
ͻƵأħٶȣͱ֮ǰڵʱһħǣҪһʱ䣬ڣʱһš
ٶȴҶħ߹ߣʱۺӳ֣Ҷڲ֮ء
ϾҶʵÿʱÿ̶ǲҶȻٶȣͲǳᲢ۵ġ


137 ɱ
вһ÷ɷڸ߼ɣô󣬶ǧͼͼ顢ɳ޷ʹã޽ҲֻǴ䣬ͶֻЧֻӣֻϧӣһ液δ뿪ӦҲã
ָ״̬˴ħ뵤ںϣﵽ״̬ҶȳȥߣֻҪ߽ɾͲ̫Σա
þҪԴǿߣȥߣѰʿǿɶǸ߽ɣҶȾͻĲ㾳磬ڵɾҪԸ߽ɣȻܣһǿ󷨱ǾͲһˣĿǰҶΨһõıӣⲻʵ
룬ҶȻǷͷһΣʧƬʱգһңû˿
ء
ɣ
Ҷٶȱ֮ǰʮֹٶȣȸ߽ɣշɳۣκοռ޷ӰҶȣҶȵ̫â̫
䣬ҶȱԾʱգȻͣ£ʱվȻһӴа̸·аУû˿
£԰ټƵаʹΧһӴףױسһ߶೤Ǵ̵Ĺ͸ޱа֮Ѿа֮ɣħþҪȫħΪһײħޡ
ߴʮɣһ˭ʮ޹ΧײаʹսÿӶһ޹ǣɨһƬаͣɱʮͷаͣа͵غٴ
ֿɣΪаսܣ
аʹ󷽣һλ۹ߣһɽۣ֮˫ֲϴһ־аʹˮһδν
ԭаҪ׽һܣﱾʵءʵаȻΪӵ˴аͣʵԽأôսȻаߣҾͲؿһħǣĿǰҪ
ٵȵȣȵܾһ£
ڰҶȣѾа߲ԶһУ׶Է⣬׼벶ȸں
žͣ
޹ǣһɨֱɨǧɱаͣǣаɵһа޴Χסһɹаǿаڻ䲻ȡǣĨɱ־
޹ȻˣС屻Ģħ룬ǿöԸ
һĨȥ־ϾͶһսܣҹʵ
аͻȻվ˫֮һ޴תҺɫаƳ̳аϯȥаʹͻȻ侫ӣ³аγһŴѷΧģʼ͸壬ɺħΪҡ
ɱаʵ̫ǿһʧܣ϶аʹΧңԣһɱɹ
һħ߹ںϵĺɫааߺ󷽻ڣУҶʩչѪ¯һͬں֮γɵ
ء
޷һҽУ屻аͲϹ޹ǹǸʹ屻һаƣǡ
Ȼ˷ѲаͿܣǽɱʿֿԵõޣϷģ
аʩչԷӦʱգʱʱֻһˣǷȻҲġ
һ˲䣬ͻȻһѪӰ
ٿ
һƷƼžѪڤոڤ񣬴ռ䣬Ѹײڶֱ֮Ӵаߺԡ
š
ѪӰڤֻа߾аߺʱаͻȻƷüͷһ壬뵽ʲôֻһѪըаԴѪڤ飬һѿɢա
ͣ
һһаߣöȻֻа̫أҪ׹аҲֻлΪħͷ
һа¸ץһöȭͷСǴɫʥǻҰɫа
öҲǸ߼汦϶٣
Ҷȡаָϴ䣬봢䣬һа־ҶһЦԵ˲ɱа־ʱһ޴ռҶǰֻʲôﶼУֻǴаΪ
ȻҲռôħǣҲаõģֱнöħǣǧħǣȻмöħǣҲ֪õħǣǿǿɾͷвٷûʺõģ
صҶȰѴƷתƵ޽䣬ʣһſտյĴһ޽䡣
ޡѵõĻᰡûаߣҪնɱ㣬Ҫ޴۵ģǱˣ
һգۼ䣬ҶȼѪڤ
ͣ
Ѫڤ˲޾޴ͷ­Ѫֱ磬ɢնǣҶȿɲ˷֮ˣͷ­Ѫ¯֮УŴȡˣ޴һߴ󣬲˼飬һȥֵʯ
ţҶȰѷʬҲ֮У֮շаʬҲһͬ롣
ôаͣǰаͣˣɱǣɱһаÿЩ
ԥ̣ҶȾطߣԽʱգܵǻҪεĶħ̤һƬҶȼʱա
öʿϢƬʱվȻܲԵ
ʱգҶȸܵϢڲ
١ɶǼа߾ˣж߾ʯ
ˣصӦöʿ£ǿټǿߣȥ׷ؾʯǿǿʯĴڣ
˿̣һǿ˺֮ը߳ɣصΪÿ˶Ǳ಻ƽԣһ̤ʱգǾͼҶȣһ飬Ǵ㵣Ȼֱӷߡ
ʯñ
ҶҲʯһֿıʯһڼ֮أֻǼ֮ء
Щʿ̰϶ǵΪȻΪҡ
֪ΪΣҶһֱ˼⣬ЩʿŮȻûа̰Ҷһʱ벻̳˷ȥ
ҶĿǰΪٶȱ˲£죬Ҷ׷һȴΪְӰǸӦϢΧ
Ī·ֲøо뿪ҶȾΣ뿪Ƭʱա
ץסܼҴˣͣ
ͻȻһԹץסһգҶȺ󷽣һ£ٶ֮졢ݺᣬҪɱҶȡ
ܼң
ۿҪҶһ̣ҶȻΪһӰԭһӽ¶㿪
ಡ
ʮλɫۣ֮һ޴ͷЩˣҶ˵Ϥǿ¡
Ҷȣ½ɶΪŶ̶£ѾͻƵأλֵܣߴܼҴͣ˭ץסҪɻڴ
һλǿߣͳһǻϣȻһҶģ
Ȼҵģ֪ҵǰڿϣ߽ɣҲӵͨҵһУӦߴǰеõģǰ
Ҷĵ£Ƿˣջû˳ӳ¹ǣǰҲǣأ£˳һء
λͬѣ˭õҶȣץסҶȣһõ߽ͣǣƽأ˭Ҳҵλˣ𻭾ȻճХһ
һôֵôɸ𣿡
һʱ䣬ӰգʮλǿߣоȻ󲿷ֶҡ
λˣһЦаҶȣŷ𿴴ҶȣֻҪλץסܵõͣ
ɶ񣬿ߣǰ֮У֪Ҳ֪ҿͻƸ߽ɶ񣡡

ҶȾȻȷѶ֣ӰһѪڤȻһˡ
͡
˲䣬ǿߣŴͣһ˼鵹ûҶȴһץʬ֮С
˭ԣ³ֻ·һӣЩˣᱻһնɱ
ҶȰ˵꣬һշȥ


138 ɽ
ʲô
죬ñ̬
һСӣһ˲ɱǿߣ̫ˣţǿߣ
ǿٶȣСǣ̫նɱɣٶȺֶΣȻŵ˴ɽɱ
ʮλʿҶ˲ɱλɵĳãھ޴£ЩʿȻҶ׷ɱȥ
ҶȣȻ̶ӵʵȥ׷ɱܼҴˣȥͷߣһʮλʿ̼ʧ
˧óһöƣ̴һһ˲䣬γ֣Ȼ˸һ⣬ͰʲôҲû
ͣ
˧Ҫջһ̣һѪ쳤ǹҲһɾ벻λãգһ´̳˲ȡͷ­һֻ̰ͷ­ߡ
ߣôҲ벻ɣΣյĵطȫ֮أߣȻ׽ǰǾΪУ
Ҷȴ߳ջѪڤȻǰֻúϵôһߣҳȥ֮գڣʱ䣬ʱһҪͻƵʮأʱǸ߽ɣҲɱ󣡡
ãǷˣ
һɹɼϢ۷ҶȽߣʣһѪշ裬Ʒ
ˢˢ
գۼ䣬ʮλɱŨŨɳһղѪ˲׷ʲôʿûðɣһóټһʿʿҶʧ׷ɱ

ݳУ켣ϿգһֻƽǱķʮλأգŲٹģΰĳǱ
ƽǱ֮ǰһʯǿؿšǱĸѪɫ֣ǱǿݳǼ֮һ߾סĳǱ
ߣǧǰ̾ڴ˵ľǿߣţѾֻ̤ɾΪɾͷڿݳ֮УҲʵǰǿߣ죬һţ¹ǾҪһ
ǱȻžƳ֡
Ʈɢں֮УƳڣʮλŮŸƷһλͷ꣬һƺɫȴŮҪۻ覣彡˶˫ͫһ䡣
λ°ͫ꣬ڶ֮һߣһͨͨأժȡգպա
ƳųޣŮƼȣɣòڡ
ˣ
ʱλܼӣСƳǰСʩ
߻ܼ񣺡鵽ټ
ǵģˣӸղŴϢ·ϲռ䣬ѾҶټӵɶͻƵأһ֣նɱʿʵԽԤ֮Уܼ𹧾ش
һССĵɴڣԴȥ׽Ҷȣ챦ǺͶ϶һ֮ǰ𻹲Ȥ˺ͶͿ𣬹УСӿԴԽ֮УһӵзǷȥҪ񣬾ǻ׽Ҷȣκ˸أܣҪܣ߳صĵ˫ͫƺһУһжΡ
ǣ̳
ܼתȥȴ㣺ߣϷҲҪ̵ôҶȣϷҪƤ
ȥŮūɱҪһץһȻγģŴһһλ߽ʿǰ
λʿץס߿
ˣɾֻҪõͶںϣٷһ̤ɣɾͲû뵽ȴǧԵȴҶȵĵϡ
§λŮʱûƳ֮Уһʼ
ħ߹һѡȴһڶʱգа֮ÿʱա
λǴҩ
޴ʱյĳҶӰУղűɱλʿʬ塣
ʬ壬ͿҶ߲٣ɷ򣬻Ҷ֮СꡢѪҺ֮УɷյɷԽ࣬ͻɻԽ
Ҫɷշ򣬸ܣһɣôֻͨ챦ʿǿʿһݺصľ
ȡⲻȡǵԣȡء

Ҷ˽Ѫ¯򣬲ʬҲһ룬֮УҶȱȲóʮħǴͼͼ֮УȻҶӵпء̫Ҫʱ޿
գϴαҶնɱķޣѾգ޴ʬ壬ֻûһʬǣʬҲʧɡ
˴䱦٣ʯǧţҲ٣
ȶȡ˴䣬չһգӵöŶĿɢϢ
һ֮УȷûΣ֮Ҷȿʼͷ֮С
ǰҶҲõһֱֻͼգ޷ʶУҶͻƵأ޵ø߼꣬ڿ֮У֮еʲôͬ
սƺһеޱȣʢޱȣԽǿԽ󣬴ԵԽʢʢǿʿˡ
֮УҶȸоŷһ磬һ磬ģӸ߼Щŷʵʣŷ
˵޶죬޽𵤡߹ż˵˵һ޵ý𵤣ӵ޾Ҳ֮壬޳ɽ𵤵ĳΣӵɵٵɣձ޽ΪĿ꣡
ȻǿᣬȴأԶҶϸϸһ룬Ѷ졢봫˵еĽϵ
𵤣ħն޵õǹͨشڣҲǵõϿɵĴڡ
ִ˵еĴڣҶĿǰ޷˽⵽
ϴ̥ʧܣξöֱö̥ܲ
һ֣Ҷ̰ö֮УȻöͷǿɷǵɾܳܣۿҪöʧҶҪջ֮ʱȻ̾ڶΧƽһһؽסöض֮ڣʼա
쾹ȻڴӳϵĻôֻγɶ޵һɣſ޵ý𵤣һǶԽǿ󣬽Խǿ󣬶ͻɾĽ𵤣ҲǱһҪǿ᣿
ҶϸϸȻЩʲôָƽ֮Ҷȿʼʬ֮е
֮ǰҶղɵǣʱҶȾ̫ͣǸһһϲģӲ޵ÿԿľ磬ͷܡ
ҶȲ֮ǰǸߣ޵õ֮ʵ֮ǰˣʱҶȣſȥЩӳ֣ںϡ
Ҷ֮о֮Դںλ߽ɵı飬һ˿˿֮Ҷͬˣ¸
ıȻҶ֮УҶĿǰȻ޵һǿʵ޷ձϾ߽ɵǿԵ;ԡ
У
ѩɫ糾̰ϸ˿㱻Ҷ֮УҶȱĿ񣬺Ȼ䣬ϸ˿֮У̺ŸֺۼҶȿһɽٵȵȺۼҶÿһ֣մۼ
ɾڣÿһ켣һкۼɻֻصͽףҪǸ߽ɣƩߡˡЩ߽ǿߣ֮У˵ӵԪۼһԪۼϣԪ
ҶյɱȻۼȲǰҶҲܴеõ޴ô
ҵǿʢѱ䣡
չУҶȸоϸڳɳѪҺڷڣѪҺ֮У
ֻϧͽһ޷ԪԪ񡭡
Ҷҡҡͷ


139 ʤ
Ͼأպľپ񲢲ǰäĿӵվ磬ʼȡɾ
ȥҶɣմħҶȵأػҪȣõҶȸطԽĶϢϢϢأǿʢĺô
Ȼôͱգֻϧ޷ᵤ̥ҵĵ̥ᣬеʿڵؾ̥δɹ
궴죬ҶҲģҶȱӵгͻбȳᵤ̥ȻҲס
£ҶԶԿѪڤɱһɱһҵٶȣѪڤ񣬼򣬼ֱ޷죬ǸؾͷҲаһɱ
Ҷȸǿûи˹ͷɾҲһ㣬зˮ룬Ƿˮ룬ͬҲǡ
ͽɣҲǳ֮ǿᣬһһͨɱɾ˵ɶ򣬶Ҷ֮ɱأΪٶȺѪڤϵҶ޵֪ص㣬ԸɣӦ֡
߽ɣԺ󣬼ÿɶ޵Ԫ񣬶ǿޱȣҶȣͼͼɳԽ򣬿ɶ򣬶ͻƣ˵߼ɣԣ߽ʮֿ¡
߽޵õԪһЩԪ񹥻ͨǵԪ񣬾Ϳ˲Ĩɱʶ
һЩ߼ɣһʹȥʵʩչԪһ˲ĨɱԷʶ꣬ûʶû꣬ȻһʬԪ֮һ
һУҶȲҵģϸϸӶҵһжӦ˽⣬ܴԽӵѪڤͶЩܣҲܣǰҲ֪ҶúͶЩڿʿǰܿԡ
Ѿǵͽ׵ߣ˷¹ǣΪȻδҵҾ͸ߺúöһץסҵʿĿǰҪɣжɱ٣߼Ҿӣרͽ֣ߣ
ʱ˿̣ҶҲ˲ʵǿֻȻǵˣɱ˾Ǻð취򲻹ܣùһɱһ߲ܣһʬ壬Ҷ˵ǽԴ
ɱߣɱ֮һΣΧɱҲһɱ
ҶȺݺݵĵ룬³һͫ˸ЦתϢλüٷȥ
ǧ֮⣬ʱʮֹգ߹ܼʮʿħ߹½֮ϣһӣ˲ķ˷ʿ
ʿֳʮ飬һʿʮˣÿһʿΪ֮䣬ÿһֻʮǶʮˣʮλɣΪǿÿһ˶ܵ߿أеľӢ
ộץһСӣ
ɣһɣȻÿ߳ʮӣڵ¹ǣѾδ
ǶɶǸСҶȣǰӵ˿ߣսϣ룬˭ڵ¹ǵϣǴɲӣҲ潻սһɸֻ·һ
ٺ٣ʿ紫˭ץǸСӣ˭ܳΪͣӵйȨܻòٽͣʲôʯڻ£
Ǻûᣬҵڹ·ʮ꣬Ҳòôཱͣǵõ߱ӻ粻ӣҲô
ʱհ̾һλλǿߣ𼶴ɵӣҲвɢޣӶУʿϢһԾԾԣϿͷ˭˲룬ҶſѾǰɣȻڴеǣڵ¹ǣǿߵĴڡ
ɾÿɶвٳɾǿߣƩ᰷ڡ齣ţɾϲʮλһλ¹ǣͳһһľͷɾҲħ߹еλ˭¹ǣõ¹ǳһ硣
ڵ¹ǣ߽ѾһСͷְɣǾǳڣ֮ţ¹ǣɾߴڣһǾǰػ¹ǵĴڣһҪĨɱ¹ǣЩߣͻػ¹ǡ
ʴˣôǿߣҲڵ¹£һΪħ߹еλаһΪ˵еߡ
ڲӲ涣ɾصĸ߼ڣȻҲҴħ߹͵¹ѰҶټڱ涿϶׷ɱҶȣȴʱŹҶһ·ڵ¹ǷһɵڣҶӹ
һ׽ҶȣһÿԱõԽӼõԴΪʮӣֱжʿһҪҶȣϣ
ʱ򣬹ܼ߸ϣһ֣
ǣ
ʮʿһǿߣʮ⻪벻ͬʱ֮Уһȥ֮У̷ɳʿβȥ
Ӳһ̰֣ϷͿСжͣǧϷϣ򡭡ߣܼ켸ߣʧʱ֮С

ǣҶȵСӣҲ֪Ĺ̥ſնɱأλֵܣͬЭץסҶȣԺõ߿أ¹ǣ˭ҵ
һʱ֮Уһ鿭Ӹո뿪ʣʮλɣмסһҶȵģ
ЩʿһصأʲôɫУǿߣҲкüλǿߣʿΪ飬պĴѰҶټ
ǲԶһа֮Уһ˫̰Ŀǣ־͹һ̰֣ҪɱңǾͱҲΪǿ
ÿһ鶼ɣʵڲöԸȴЩ֣Ҵϵõô
аУҶȣһ·ǱٿӣڷȺȽƵʿ׼ǿʼ֡
λֵܣһ𣬵СӣɲöԸȻһɣһСΪ
ʮУһλߣݣΪҲأһĻλǿߣһλأˣǵءһأЩ˼Ҳһɲ
һ֮£ʮ˺ƺƵʼѰҶټѰһʱգҶټȥһʱգСС߱üʱգûзҶӰӣûаģ˭֪Ҷһ֪׷ɱҸطȻѰҡ
һʱգҲʮֹ޵ʱ֮У֮ʮλʿƿն϶ҶȲ˶֮أǻҸƫԶƧʱգⳡѡ
Ѱ֮ʣȻа֮Ʈֻʱаûж⣬аȫסʱͻȻһ
Ѫ¯գ
ɫ˲䣬ǾȻش֮У˵ԷһǸ߽ɣͨ
䣬λɷֲʱҪһʱߣǣһѪɫ˲ݰ룬Ѫ¯ǿ֮С
⡭ⲻǸ߽Ϣǿ󣡡
Ȼ۲ǿ󣬵ʮּ̣Һ첻ңһƣ
λǿߣǿɽ֮ƣǿ˲仯ΪĵѪ¯Ѫͭɫڡ
䣡
Ѫ¯Ϊ֮һĵըҫ۶ĿâžѪ¯򣬵ǣλϹ£Ѫ¯ֻ΢΢˸һɫøӺʵ
⡭
˶ͷð亹˴˶ӣһˣȭʩյǰҵðʧ˵أϣǰҵ
ƹǣǲҪһɱ𣿡
ѪϷ˸ҶֳѪڤǰ
λߣͻȻָҶȲ㵵ǿҪ׽õĵɣҶȣ
ʲô
ʮλʿ۾ŴͣҶȵһ㿴û뵽һɣȻӵʵ֮ǿһ˲䣬ҲףΪοߴ׽Ҷȣԭ򣬾Ҷʵ̫ǿ
µɣ˿꽣콣ƣ
Ҷ˫һ֣һ̫ʯ񣬸˳ޱȵѹȣʱ䣬ػΪ󣬵Ƿâ
ݡ
Ľɫ˿ٲɽʮλʿϯ˼æʩչóһ˽ɨһءءȫ£ѪɫСʣʮλءǿߣŵڶ˽
ˡͣ
ڵڶ˽ײʮλǿǰʱһз˲߽⣬˿꽣ҽʵ̫磬˸оڽ˿꽣ǰǾһɳ
߰˸ǿߵ£ڵڶ˽δɢȥͻȻڰɢһӰһѪڤѸײڶ֮ƴλǿߣͼλǿӦ£ͷ­һһ


140 
Ŀͷ­ĵ۾㤺ˣѪͷ­ɢգľͷʬ壬ҲƯ֮УҶҡҷ³
찡ҪɱǣԸΪΪū
λ˲ɣǿ˲䱻նɱһ˵ʧȥֿʶ׷׳Ҷȹģһӡ
͡
ǹӰȻ̳ʮɣΰȻһſͷ­ʱ룬Ѫռ䡣
ֱ΢Сˣ๼
ΰӰһ̤գҶȵһץѪڤʧһӣһſͷ­ʮʬͨͨץΧ׳ۣĿģҶɫ֮ʬ壬Цջ˾޴ȻǵһУӳҽɣ
ҶȵѪ¯Ϣһʱа֮У޷˲Ҷ֮У˲ʮʮһ˵󣬵Ը߽˵ֱԸͻƾ磬ɾԹٵǿߣǿɾϴܡ
˿̣ʮʬİۣϧֻϵ۲Źǿ󣬲ôۣһλɹͲһ˿
Ҷ֧һ߾ʬۣ֮ȣ򲻶ϵĽͬʱҶҲͼ֮УħǾϼӳʵ
ԸЩϺз׾٣ûжΣһԿӣǲһսһδɽ֣
˼һɱôɣѣҪԭЩΪ̫͵ԵʣһԸ߽ɣҶȾͻٿս֮ս
ôˣҵõ
һʮ϶ҲһνǴﵽǰ޹˺ߵĵزΣ֮ʣΪ쳣Ҫ
쿪ʼʮֱʣǴֱʣǸ߼ɣҲһ֮䣬ȻҲһԼ

˿̣Ѫͭɫֳʮۣ۽ʮҶȴһץǿһ໥ںϣγһֱ۴ִѪͭɫػ
ϧҾ粻޵ɾȫںϣ򾧱ȫںϣ۾Ǿڣھۣ
Ѵ֮ҶҺöйǿӡʮȻҶͱ
ʣµľʮʬһգͻƵأʱԵأǿҲһս֮õʮȫܲͬʱᵤ̥
ģʮʬ壬ƯգҶһץһƮǰ˫ְؿϣһʬѪҺͳͳرҶ֮УѪҺȵѪҺ߼ʥӴһ룬ҶѪŨȡ
ϴͻƵһ̣ҶȫѪɰ㴿ҳʥ֮ѪҺ֮в͸ϢѪҺѾ߼ɣ֮УеǿߣһѪӵЧ
ѪҺҲѪҺںϣӸ߼ѪҺһδѱ䣬峬Խ˷ɾ壬
ȻԽߣ˽У֪һУ̫࣡
ҶȾһʬ壬оٴμӳ֣泩ѣѪҺȣǵڶߡߡ
Լһ֮
ħ߹ʱȻаħ֮֮УаȻɢȥҶȴ߳һԵصƴɢоһҶȾȡƬʱա
ҵѾԽأأð磬֮ھǿޱȣءߣӣҪһնɱȥ޻أԶ˯ħ磡
ʮʮֲ˼㼯һ壬ⲻõӣҲõ޴Ҷ˫֮ͫУѾϡϢڵɾȻӵϢǵʮأϢѾͫɼҶϢжۺ
ϸ鿴ҶΪһۿΪҶȲǵɣһλո̤ɵʿ
գ֮䣬Ҷȳһ޴ʱգһ֣ͷΧвޱаħ֮ϢǳǿᣬһЩħȽޡ
޾ӡ
ɱڣ֮Ҷȴ̤ǰԶ׼ɳѰҿӡ
ౡ
ҶͻȻһа˻ʵǵҶȸо֣˻
ҶǰͻȻ뿪һɺɫֱ˺ʱգһɹɾԳԽħ߹Ŀѷ֮ӣγһɰ籩
Īǣħߵλ籩籩ȻоɾҲҪλ籩˺ѣҪһ籩룬ͻᱻħλ棬Ǿˣ
ƺҪͣסû뵽ڴ˵еλ籩˺ǧףħλ籩ΧһС
ಣ
ͻȻλ籩֮зɳаӰӰһɳ籩˲ʧʱ֮Уλ籩Ȼѷϣλ籩ʧϵѷ֮С
ǼϢϤаϢǿһϢȫԽ˸߼ɣоȲ涶Ҫǿ٣һǿּЩа߲׹ħǿߣλ籩룬ҲֻǸλ籩
ɶ񡭡Ȼ϶ϲռ䣬һΣôҲҪץס
ۿѷҪʧһ̣һӰȻһ͸ǿϢӰħλ棬ЩаǿߣҲ룬ջҵȽ룬ǿߣߣһηҪڶϲռ
͡
λаǿߣһΣȻǿʱײ飬УʱĦȼĦ̻ҫۡ
а׷ħλ棬ƵȻթ
ڵ֪Ϣһζô󣬿̾ڶϲռĴ߽ɣŹ𣬵ʱû
˫üһҶתһʱշȥɲײаߣղǼλһλλɶǲּǿߣһҶȶвһУɲ鷳һʱշȥ
ʮҶȾһ޴ʱգʱգҶȼʱգ½ôʱոߴһɹɫĻǱͨڣҪɫâﵽΪҫʱ̣ǳȥʱ̡
Ҷڵ棬ӦʿϢǧ֮࣬⻹Ҷħ߹ʿһΡ
Ƭʱգʿ࣬ϢҲر࣬ʿ֮࣬ǿħޣҲв٣ʿǿߣɰҲС
ɣ
Ƭʿ׷һȺ׷ɱһͷ͸ӦҶȵĴڣϢ޷أһۿÿ񶼺𾪡
ԡ
Ƭ֮䣬ҶȾʹ˱пʲôЩˣ϶뿭ϵ򲻻𾪡
ҶһЦȥ򣬻ΪΣʱ֮Уߣһ֣
ಣ
Ƭ̹һ鿭ӹȻ֣ʮλʿŭĿܣŹһ֮ء
ϸѲÿһ䣡
λ鳤һλ׳һӣӣʿɢͷǿӦѲÿһ䡣
ͣ
׳鳤֮ͻȻ֮УɳһǹӰ֮ٴ
ţԷ
׳˫Ŀһ亹ֱðʱӦռ춯ҲŵùǺֶΣȻû֣Էֶж
䣡
ѪɫִǹӰͣ׳鳤һ⣬׳ΧγһԲǿȻѪڤס
׳亹ֱðڲһԵһλ鳤ͻȻſ죬һɾ޴籩
ɰٴɽӣλ鳤ʵ쳣ǿ
ͣ
籩㳯ѪڤӰվһѪųһǱӰǱɺ˵Ҷȡ
ȻҶȣΧס
ǿһ£ķʿΧҶΧʮԶΧˮйͨȫҶѻᡣ


141 ɱ
أȻǿᣬҼȫһȻֻ΢΢ˡ
ʮʿΧҶ޾ɫ棬ͫս⣬糱
ΪһɱСǿ֮һȻһƣ˭ǿ߷ǿ̩֮ɽһ㲻ɶҡ
һƻɹ˳նɱôȫҶڣҶΧȦڲɱһѪ·ɱôҶȻӱ
ԵأսأСӣǵ죬룬գڣս򣡡
³һҶȵλǿߣȻ֣һӣһһɰԵ֪ȻҶȵһʱȾӣԷѾԼ˽⣬һ򣬶Է϶뾡һа취ɱԼ
ǣٶ֮죬֮ǿȫҶ룬һǿҽϢͻأذҶΧʮɿռ䣬ȫУҶʧʣµģֻоʿ
öս򣬴ˣȻѰ˶Ҵ඼ǾǿҹʥƷѾںϣ
ѪһҶȱӵǧ֮УԭÿһʼֹҶȳ֣ÿʼһɹɽâո
Сӣеʶ
λǿߣ鳤֮һĮһ࣬ˣҲ˸âӸµֻͻƸ߽ףſںϲͬһֻΪںϲ󷨶ѣӵз򣬶ҵ򣬱ǽ򣬻ǧ꣬ѰҸŽҵսСӣԴԽ򣬵ҵս֮£ܳȥҲ˰ɣңҾͲţӳҵ򣡡
ǡ
鳤˵һɲǣҶȾȻһЦ
Сӣ㻹Ц鳤ɻ󲢴Ũŭ
˵£һսȻӵн򣬲Ϣ̫ϵǿӲӳֶѣǱԴںϣһڶʼգҶûҪߣӽһ̣ҵ뷨ǳûնɱ㣬򣡡Ҷɭɭ˵Ϣ˲䣬ŨȻ壬Ŀ⻷
ԲѣɵĴڣܿӵģҵ򣬹ɾת޵СӣȻܣұ㶷ϼУ֪ʲôܣ
һ̣ˣҲһ裬սʤģ֮侲ţ˫ͫһֱҶȡ
ҶȼѪڤ񣬴һд⣬ͻƵնɱĶǿߣδǿ֣
أնɱأСӣǺεѵǴеĴתʲôԪ᣿ȻôԵأնɱأĺվڶĲߣҲûӵ˾ֶΣҶѪڤ˱֪ҶȲڿЦѪڤ֮ϣܵһոǿҲδֲֿͨ
Ǿͺúһսɣ̣
˵䣬ҶһΣѪڤ񣬳ʮɵѪڤ˸عѪ֮Уһ˿ʥ

ۼʮǹӰգֱѣ˱֪ѪڤŲæһץһɽȻס۶Ѫڤ
ţ
ȻֵĽϢ˲Ҷٶһ룬ɽϢŷһ̵ּδ֣ץסѪڤٶһ룬ԽԽȥҶڿжǷУͥŲ
֮ҶȾȻ޷ǰһǿҵ־ǿϢǰĵ֮Уδֹǿ־֮ѵǸ߽ܣ
ɣ뷨׶Σҵ־Ƿҵ򣬾ں˷־磬ҵս򣬾ǿߣҲͻƣСӣǿսһ˲ɵ֮Уʶ̫٣̫ͣҵսںҵ־ҵ־һУ
ƽҲʧĿҶȣǸ飬ԹۣһֻСӥһĿԽľ죺ʲôʲôУȡΪһ壬ɣɾΪһϣǳԽ򣬴ǿߣǿʵתλ򣬲ſԷλ棬ȥλ߼λ棬һУôɿʼɾֻǴ׶ΰˣսɣʵ㣬߽֮ÿһ׶ΣܾͲͬ޵ðǿߣǵѾʼ򡣡
Էƺ鲻ֻǶһ֮ˣ˻ϻӣҲκһеһжգ֮С
ȶ˵ĲѾ;ƿǸ߽ɣÿͻһ磬ʮѣ
Ҷȱǿ־ж֮ʱԺʱڲԵ뿪£Ǻ㾧ѾںһϢԴԽϴǧͼͼ͸бϣ
壬ҲˣͻƵԵǿһλ֣һż϶ҵһĨĨȥӡۣϸⷬҶƵ˵仰
Ȼ¶ģͰ־ȥƿ־Ҫսʤңսʤ־ն϶֮˵֡
У˼ҶһֱĬΪҶѾ޷սСӣҶȰɣҲԺδϵʲôǹܼҴõģֻ׽㣬ȥߴͣҲطҲ˳ߣһ˿·ϾֻܼҴˣûֱӵߡ
˾ȻΪߣĻ
üչҶͻȻסۺȻ죬һɹɰȻ⣬ǿӳֵѪڤ֮ϣѪɫâɽʼ
ջѡȻˣҾڴնɱ㣬Ȼʬ׸ߴˣ֪Ƿ˵ˣ¶ͷǿγɰҶѹȥ
ɣɣɲɣɲɣһж已̥òų棬£ջữΪһĨ
ǿ־赲ҶֳѪڤԺ֮УһƬ֮䣬ԺִкۼϴնɱʮɣµɷͳͳرҶںϣһ̣ɷںϣҶȴУܵɶе־
ȣ
ѪɫâɽȻ໥ƣǽһѹѪɫâ֮УŷͬϢҲͣĶԿ
Ϣ
ɫ䣬ޱ飬ļ󾪵ܡôܣϣôܳŨҰϢֱһأϢֻеʮؿҪͻɵԲſӵһ˿ϢϣʮϢҲжɣѵ
ѵѵʮϢܣǵʮԲҲôϢٲţҲиڵԲϢĴ˵Ҳ˿ֲʮϢɣҲҪǧа
һɣʵ˱̬ʱˣһǿߣתֲֻֽܵͨͣÿҪ׽ˣһ֪㣬ߣתܣȻƷͻһأһ
շǿĦһ̣ɫһ仯ɫˢףȻռϷ磬ӵƣǣҶ֮Уһɿ־
ֻ
˴ϢʱҶŭһ˺Ȼ֮бھѪʼµϷڽǵȻϸƤ
ƣ
ҶȸоԼ޷ƣһץǿһתѪڤ˲ǿתɽѣ羵һѿҶȴ벽һǷɳۣǻֲָٶȳɱȥ
ô˲䱬ѵһֻʵ
˱ú˼ʧɫѪڤٴ˹˫һץٽһУ׷׽٣Ҷǰ˽Χγһ޷ƵͰ
ں˰־һ콵䣬񽣡񵶡񴸡ǹٲҶϯأǿֲԵ
̤ķǹɱ˷
ѪӰڤȻĿʥâ޴ѪչٶԾǿһӴ֮ϡ
ǲ
ʮɵ񵶣һһѿ˲仯ΪĩѪڤ£һһ飬Ϊ촷ۣһȷǰԵǿᣬڽ죬ǣѪڤ
ѪڤԶŵԶţѹһޱǿᣬȻڵѪڤ񻹺СѾӵԶŰϢ־һͶѪڤп־Уǵı壬ӵ־Щ־ܵѪڤֲ׷׺


142 ȡ
ǵʲôÿֲĹΪΣҵ־ȻȲ̥ﰡ
˲Ȼ屻оЩ־ȻԶˣĺĲţô̬ǵأӦءصգҾƴһУҲҪָʤ
䣡
нһըѪڤ޼᲻ݣһ˲飬Ѫڤ˲ѣһ߽⣬Ƭ׹䡣
ѪڤٶѾԽҵ֪ңܸоѪ岢ѪڤһҾߣѪڤ̬
߽һ㹥ҶȻǿƽѪڤ񲻶׳ʮɳҶȿǰɱ
ǿϲӿ壬Ҷȵõӳ֣оҪ壬˲һΣٱһѪȻȥ
ΪԴԴ
Ŷ飬˫һ֣Χսһ֣Χͱøǿ
ʲôǰ޼᲻ݣƣ
ڹƽһֻʮɣʮɣȴȸղʮ

Ѫڤɽ֮ƴϣȻײ˽ϣǿҴ̶ײҶֻоֱһ飬ҪղסѪڤ񣬶䣬ҲֶԷ⻷Ҳһ֡
ǿʵȻҲ£Ҫ֪ҵʵأҲ㶥ģȻ¡
ԽսԽʧȥģоȻ뷨֮Уս磬Էô߽⣬ǿҲһ޷ĨɱԷȫʧȥս
ʲôɰ߼ĴڣԷȴһ̤żĵɣλʮǧﻹֹɱսʧȥǺεȵΰ
ƣ
岻ľҶȾͲţղһȫȻԷ£ϼֻ֣йƶԷƾС
ˣ
еˣҶȫѪѪڤɱɫ֣һץٴ˸Ŀâ
䡭
ѪڤײϣһΣȻ˫ƾеĽѪڤѹԵĺһΣôʧâһĻһ̣ĻȻâٴαι̡
ɶ񡭡
޷˺ףι޹Ҳ״ҶģȻǲֻԺɱء
ʵҶȹѾﵽɱǿߣҶ֮Уǿ֮£ҶȹѾܶ࣬Ҳ㣬״̬£սƾУ֤Ҷʵ
Ȼ£Ҷһκǿߣڲֻ£Ҫɱ
СԴԴҲԴУҪڱΣֻɱķݣҾǿһɱ
еˣʱͫȼջ棬ŭĻ棬ʼȫ

սȻʧ֮ҶȲ̧ͷһսڼһ룬ٿˣ𽥱
ƴһ
ҶţΪΣһսĳȣѪڤԾԾŷܵǿս⣺ĶԿɣɣ޵ǿߣұ΢ĵɣսܰɣ
ռһɹɾѪһ͹⡢ϸƤѾ࣬ÿһ磬͡
ռҶ޵õǿ£һαҶȺڴǿһǿֵز
Сӣ㳹װŭˣգҺľ֮ҲҪնɱ־һƵģܣ߸ϣ
סһ̣սƺ̣ͻȻĿһɹǿ־׵Ϊ籩ԻһƣҶȸ߸ߺѹ֮һ̿Ҫʧͬڱɣѹ
޵У֮ŭ
һ̫Сǧ͸սĹţͻȻ³ɹ̫ȽȽͣסһӣǼһâʯֲسҶ׹们衣
ǿ͵籩ͷǳ˵ãſֲӲˣ
Ѫڤ޷ƣΪո
һ̣Ҷʼը򣬲Ѫ˿üģĺɫ˿Ѫ˿ȼգըҶ˱ѪѪڤٴһʮ֮
ȿȡ
ݽ͵ؿ˼ήҲգȻһֱǸղʮֹʲô̥ߣȫһƾзͨҲҪ𣡡
ݣ
Ѫڤ˲޴籩֮УҶҡΣת籩ĥѪڤҲҶ
תǬ
Ҷ־죬ŷ籩תȫ߶Ѫڤ񣬳ת
ͣ
¡
籩ѪڤתȻס޴ķ籩ֹѪڤҲֹͣƬ̣¡һը籩·ʼһ߽⣬׹䣬籩ΪƬȫ߽⣬űըʧ

ƺϵ籩Ҷȶ֣־սɵһڵҶȺ
죬ҲҪ𣡡
ռ״̬£۷ڱһս񣬳ŷȥ
ţ־ν˺Ϊһ壬ǿ
䡭
߾ײһҫ۴ĿıըըɽһͣضɽҡڵһУըâɣһ㾲ըâΪ׹⣬գۼȫըս
ǣ
ʱգСʿڰȴʧȴ鳤ɹǣһ̣Կ򣬾ȻΪʵ壬ʵ򣬾ȻҵȼȻ
ǿֵǿһҷģûʧ˵ֵల£Ƭ̣
һλ鳤Ҷ͵Ϯλǿߣһ£ðλʿȣҲڷⷢ
֮У绹һƬ׹⣬âʧȴܲһϢһ˿ʣһжڱըл
ȡ
Ҫͷ­Ѿȡ£ϢҶѱ䣬һУҽ
Ҳģ㣬һССĵɣΪʲôǧ꣬ΪҲģΪʲôһһϣ
Щ߸ϵǰҵȷϣֵǿǣҶȾҪƲ񷣬ȡǬϣҲ⣬кۼԶҵкۼ֮У䣬ȻĴڣ
һûʵĻڰο𣿲ΣҶϣ֮;ȡҵһУ޷ߣȻߣȫ͸㣬һֱϣɱҵˣһһܣ
ãã֮УͻȻһƮԻţǺЦãЦ֮׹Ȼʧս΢âǰȹ̡
֮УһͷʬڰգҶ־ѪڤǹͷȻͷ­˫۾Ѿοıϡ
Ҫлл㣡
Ҷľ̾һ̰ͷ­ʬ֮УؼӽΨľǷ
˰򣬱ҵ򡭡
ʱҴҶ̿ʼսһ˿˿һƽսҶ֮УҶɫ԰ףƺԵȡѪ¯ħðẉ̂ͬʱҲվ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷʧȥһõϼӳ֣һθܵȣͻָ
ս޷ҶѪ¯֮УѪ¯ѪͭɫϣȻŨҵһۣ֮ǰЩʮ֮󣬽ųִϢ
ǡҵĽ˿꽣Ǹڽ򣬶սҲǽںϣ
һ̣ҶЦֿ˻Ĵõս򣬿Ѫ¯ȫѱһֹ


143 
аԹħ֮ħ߹ʱ֮УһԿӴʮλʿʱգƬ˶ʱգԽʿУԽһƬƬգ̼ؾʿ̻غϣβʿ
ΪκϢ֮Ҳڼ
һǿ߸ܵǰǾ޴̶λ鳤ʵ
λǿǰղںһӦǺץסҶȣˣһɣܶԿ򣡡
һλǿߣתʴⲻãλֵܣ׼ʱսиλʿֵܣߴ˵㻰˭׽סҶȣͣ
ȻŵȻҪץˣٺ٣һɣƾκͣҲӲҵģ
ĵɣڵ¹Ƿ·һ
ʿһŭ𣬸ûҶȷǿһôԶҲɶ֡
˲䣬һΧɱȦΧγɣû˿ϸ죬һŴΧ¡
һһҶȻҿߣͱҲգҪѪϴķɱɣӳ
֮УյҶȣȻۣɢ꣬ΧһжϸϸĥԸôɣЩ֣ǵͽɣֻ߽ʮˣԸͽɣ̫ףɷһҪչ
ҶУѪ¯֮⣬ֻкɷԴʹãӻûҲһֻԸˣڶȺս𲻵һ˿Ҫ
ɷͬȻ޷Ը߽ɲвʿն١
ܽҲúɷֻҪĨ᰷вõķӡʱ˵лȡʮɷ
սѾյò࣬쵽߽ʱ̣ҵѪ¯ǿҲõǽ˿꽣մս־ýһΣҾͰѪ¯򣡡
ͬ½½һ˼ɣһǿ߷֣˵Ҿ壬Σڱ˭֪ҵˡ뿭֪һЩ⣬˽ңκεģȻˣҾͼѪ¯򣬳չܣ
վգսȫѪ¯ںϣմħ붴ǿһսҶʵմ飬ʵѾأһѪ¯򣬾أҲԾնɱ
а취ˣһֱδ֣ΪսδʧԵʣҺβ㣬ǽأ
һҶЦȦҸϢ뿪Ȼˣһ޻أ
ɣںϣ
˫һ֣Ѫ¯򻺻ڿҪʧսɢսͷǿս޷˿ߡ
˵Ѫ¯ȫںսżͷǿսѪ¯Ũս⣬Ѫ¯Դȴ
ŶֵսȻڻָٶȺܿ죡
ҶȻ治öԸúĵȵز˼飬ô˵ãջںУ
ǿߣϤĺܣսǿͷţڻָ
λֵܣǵСʵڿɶһַȻζ׷ɱѾˣǳ׻׽ʱ̣һ֮
սͻȻһУ͸ʮ͸ǿս⣬У

찡δţĴڣ˭Ƕ֣
ǿӻǽɣҶǾ仰Ƿĸ֣׼̰
һ߽ɣʵСֻɾǿߣķǷԶӵж˼άԽǿԽǿڶɽ֮ʱ÷ɽ٣Ͳðգȥһɽٳɹ̫㡣
ɣǲ޵ǿ޵÷ӤСһίʵ£붼ҶһɣȻظ߽ǿ߶޲ߣ֤ǿ
ߣ
ʮˣ̷С
ߣҲΪֵǣʲôߣ˭õǼѵ¿𣿡
ˢˢ
֪˭һ䣬̼䣬ʿзȥڿڿ߽УЩ˽롣
֮УӶӳ̤գһˣĴѰټż֣Ͽӡ򣬲Щʿ룡
Ӳɵӣƾôǽɶ֣ս֮УҲܶԸôɣҶԷҲеǿߣǶ༸ʮˡ
ಣ
˵꣬λʿѾУżգУһֱûʧһ㼣ûУʿУֱһˣвŷӡϡ
һյս򣬳ɹӡɡ
ֱʣһδֱʣϴնɱʮɻҪ죬һٶλɣʮλɾͷֱ屶ʵҪǿᣬ᰷ڣҲһɲС£ЩɣмλءءǿǾͿ½һԽŵǿɡ
ֻЩɣ߸ϣĿˣô£߽ɣĸ̰֮ˣߣһҲᷴˮЩС֮
ԣ
λеһλǿߣգͻȻоſʼŤΣˡ
ĲԾֵսϢȻͬЩΥ棬ų⣬ΪʲôλһǿߣΪϤ˷˵ÿ϶һ㾪㤡
ʿƺҲܵԾһһš
类նɱǲҪץ𣿡
һâ羪ϷҶ԰ͥŲ֮УӸĮȻ·ˣ̰ǲ·գһҲ뿪ҵ֮Уֻ
ҶȣҶȣһɣǵأô޵򣿺δţ
һΣλֵܣӵΣ˼ǿߣɱ
ԶԣնɱҶȣлر
ʲôƨӣСϿ϶챦ôԵɾɱɣߴụ́ǿɲɵӣֵǣϣ
ɢޣӣߺһӣʿ𣬼ַҶΧɱȥ
˵òܸκδۣҲҪһնɱժȡͷ˿꽣󣬷
Ҷ֪һѪսƫɽУҪشսһûκμɵҪɱɱô򵥡
ݡ
һʱ֮䣬ڣգ֮䣬ϸ緢˿Ľɫͨѹȶ޴ɶ㡣
ͣ
Ľϯʿͽʿһغϣͱնɱ޷Ѫ߽ɣӦŰ
СģǿĽ󣡡
Ҳʼ籩ϯһصǿߣӦ˵ͽɳڴʱֱ߽ʼûΪ״״״״̬׷̤
̥һɣӵ򣬻ӵ˵ý󣡡
һλǿ߷һ̾мɵ𾪡
˴󣬹ȻۣЩʿҲиֶΣöԸȥҲ
Ҷͷ󺹣ַ仯̬ļ󣬿Ҷȼֲ˶ãͻᱻԷƣһٶλɣϵʵڳԽ
ɷ
ɷɷʮҶͷɷ뽣֮УΪµĵͽɣһ
һͽɣ£һȺںͷǳ¡

һͽɣֿ˺ɷ˲룬ǿܼһᣬɷ籩̺֮˺ɷһ־壬ǲС
᰷ڵĺɷ벻õķôܳϣ
һλǿߣɷһ۾ϳ


144 ѪȾ
᰷ڵĺɷ
νһ仰ˣʿϸһ룬Ȼ򣬶϶ɷȷʵ᰷ɵӵеĽ
᰷ĺ䲻ǾްֶɣҲһĳɣһж֪ɷʮɷɷ
ԭҶ᰷ڵӣ
᰷Ҫ찡ֵӣ᰷ĪҪĺһɣ
λֵܣǲٿȫǿڼҶȾ̫ͣȴǳܾյģҲûǸʵʱƿأҹ򣡡
֮ʿУλʶ㲩ߣһһʱ䣬һ淴һ湥Ѫͭڡ
¡¡ѪַͭһըڼŽҲ˼
Щ˹Ȼϵ̫СǣһǳȥҲҺõ׼ǧöħǣգҾʹǼֵþãң
ҶʵģӴ޽份öħǣͼ֮Уʱ䣬һɹɰ羻ħֱӱѪ¯ȡ֮УѪ¯Ѫ¯ģȡ󣬿ʼָָֻ۷״̬
ַ֮Ѫ¯򣬿ҡҡ׹ÿһѪͭڳһۼʮǿۣâð޹⣬·ʿȥϣ
һ˲䣬˵ʱʱ죬һΰ糯𣬴򾧱·ʼϳϼӳ֣ľڹâһ貶Ŀÿһƺ۶ǰ㾧ӨգʱˣѪ¯򾧱һλָ̳ȣŹ֮
Ϊλ
ȴԴԴϣСԴĪʲôط
ԴԴɲǺͷԶԸ򣬲ֱɱСӣǺɷŲʥƷԸҵȣ˵Σ
һۼһαȣΰȴĴ룬ȥһĴ⡣
ʮλɣȻһ˾ۼһĳͻȻı䷽򼫿ٶȣҶɱȥ
ҵɱҡ
ȡͽɵҶȣܵԼϮһλǿͷŵȻѽ˿꽣ǿ˺һӣ޿赲
ߣ
ɷȻԴԴϣñҪɽ֣һһˣˣ֮󣬻нʮλǿߣͽɣ˿꽣סҪڽ֮£Щ˿Ժӡ
ĺãҶ治̤꣬꣬ɣδйһսգʮλؾͷҾԵܣսܣ
ҶȾȻߴǿߣ̴ħǽѪ¯֮УѴﵽ۷壬ھѪҲԾԾʱ׼Ѫ塣
ɱ
ߴǿ߾ҶȲʮԶÿ˱ؾͷŵƣҪǿᣬֱӰ֮ǿˣɣһͿɱǿߡ
ݡ
ۿߴǿ߿ֲҪϯҶ֮ʱҶΧռһΣһҶ徹Ȼˡ
СģӾȻ˴죬һ֮ΧҪСģ
֮Уһλ׷ߣüë߳ʷ˸͸ζһɢƣһѪ¯ǿи롣
ͣ
ߴǿڵĿռ䣬žһжƽƹž޲ÿһ̺ɱ֮ŭ
Ȼ䣬һѪɫǹӰգȻɱλǿߣоԣͷǿǣѪɫǹӰֱӴ̴һǹǿקǿʬϳűһ֮ȡʧͬǿֲǹӰҲˡ
ɶ񣬴ٶȿףˮҹֶҲԵ
һλǿߣͬ鱻һɱһʱ䣬δκηӦ˾ͻΪʬ
ڵ֮ϵģҾͲţҵ򣬶ȡⱡ򣡡
һλ״󺺣ֳһ󵶣ôӵۣͲסԼǿʣ۾ոռͱһ֮ǿѹס̫Űΰâ
֮Уһһǳ˲õķȻѹ򣡡
λߣȣһۿȻ仰̰ڣȫޣ˻ƺȵұţһɣ챦ѣϷģĶ֣
Ķ֣˫ֽӡ֮һ֮ڣ˫һץȻ֮Уֻ֣ܣһץһץѪ¯ǿ˺ƣ˲ã˺ռ䡣
ž
һֻͻȻͣסƺסʲôһץ·ԶգͻȻһըһӰǱзɳȻҶȡ
Ķ֣
ɭɭҶȱ˵òᣬ˷׷׶߾Ʒǳʩչѧ
Ķ֣ɼ
ҶĨĨѪվգδָһ룬ȻЩ£ԼϢһɱԷϧû뵽ʩչĶ˵ã˺С
Ǹ߽ɣ޵ɼһˣ޵鼶ͷǳĶ֣һҪõ
ָƣܣҶȻ׼֡
ǿߣĶֻУҲҪˣЩֶΣ󲿷ֿλڿСʱ̣ջۺ΢΢Цһɨˡ
ССţߣϣ
Ǹ״󺺣Ŵ󵶣֮зɳ趯󵶣һɹɳĹϵȻӴҰ޸ҰԵ
ϢرҢֵϢĪҲǹеʿ
Ӵ¶ҶȷŷʶͻȻڵ¹Ңֵܣ֮УҲоһɹϵϢǰλ󺺾ȻЩ֮ͬǴʵίʵ¡
ص
󺺲ɷ˵󵶣һɹŴ󵶣γŨİԵ⣬ŴնҶȡ
䡭
ڴһ̣Ҷӯһӵ֮ԵֱӰҶڵգ֧飬ô紦ѡ
ҵһ
һͣҶĿ㣬һץѪڤУ俴󺺣ĵԵҵǹʤһ
֪Сӣһ㣬
״󺺣׳ҰޣӶ󵶣һһͻأҶϿգԿɽ֮ƣҶ

ڴѹһ̣Ѫڤ˲ڵ֮ϣѴ󵶴ӰսͣȻѪڤǿᣬһ˵ҶȣȴڲΪԷ̫ԵǶԷǴ֮У͸ǧɽ֮
Сӡۺ񣬾ȻҲ£
󺺴ʱȻٱ꣬쳣ƽ棬ʼϵĺɫͼڣͼֲͼڲ֮ʱҲǣȻһȭջҶȣһɱȻҶϯ
䡭
֪Է仯죬Ҷȫڵֿܣֻ֮ǰγһǣҶû뵽ǣ˲飬ҶţҶڵһɣ˳ƶ£ӽż⻮Щ˵Ҷȣޱȡ
ã֣Сӿվˣ
ǿ߷״ΧԴһޡ
Ҷȣ̱գһѪȾ˰ɫۣ֣Ǹ߽ǿߣһжͨҺ֮ǰ뿭ӵǿһսʵ򣬸ղһֱӿԺɱң
ҵģ
̸Ц֮ʱһˣƺҶѾ˽Ȼˣ̰Ҷ
ҳԶʳˣɿ׷ȥ
СӣϣһУҵģλˣۿҶֻԶʱͫǿ̰
ͣ
Ҷһ֮⣬ҶͻȻһӣѪڤȻɳѸײڶ֮ƿնɣֱӺͷ­


145 
ɱңΣҵģ
䲻ɱһλǿߣҶһʬ壬վѪˣȻ׵
ã
Сɺޣ̥Ҿһնɱ
׷ˣͬ鱻Ҷ˲ɱһ־壬ëֱԭҶǰǸոճСӥڣһҶǰ˴

ʱ˿̣Σʱ̣ҶҲԸأһˣնɱǿߣܣ֮У˷ֻٴǿʵ
һ֣һҶУôǧͼͼ˲侻ʼ
찡Ȼֱ
ܣⲻģһɣôת
챦һжпܣֲԵɾ磬նɱɣ޵򣬶ΪǼ챦ֵǣߴˣ챦ԽһӵУ˵𵤣ɾǿ
һĻһŴͲ˼飬ǿŵĳ棬Ǿľ
ৣ
һ˲䣬·ǿߣǿߣһһ֣γһԲȦҶΧʵʵ
ǡ
һǿߣ˶ĿҶֱĥҶ챦ֻлãڳôˣ챦Ͳϣô᲻
ҶȾһ⣬Уһڡ
һһʮˣϱնɱˣʮλǿߣЩˣţǰ̩ɽ죬ȴҵǰ΢ϣҪնɱǣҪŻȥ׼ңƷţҶҳΪ½ߣ
һƻǿߣҶһҲ£Խӿ죬Ѫ
С
Ҷһѱ䣬ǿ֮ǰҪɵ˼飬֮ҶһƮζ
ѵҪͻأ
һͷҶȼ֣ʱͻƵأʵҪһʱȵնɱЩˣͲղǰ֮Σ
ԭҶȾʮλ۷壬һλзֱҶͻƱԵ
λҪ˭õ챦˭
λüߣ۲ݣֶҶʳ߳һͷǿƣһ侲
Ҷ׸ߣߣ¹ǣ˭ҵǣ׸ߣߴ˶Կ
ǿߣʱɨˣв˵
߸ϣߣΧʮһλǿ߷ڣڵ¹ǣǱɽءǿߣҲط
λҶСһϢ̶ˣ˲ǵĴУǻ뿪
˵öԣ뿪߿ߣʱǸ߲¹ǣõһУֻװ׸£
ɱˣ׽Ҷȣ˳һ뿪
ֵزʮһλǿߣȻתǹڣ׼ǿߣ׼ϣΧɱˡ
Ǹҡ
ǿߣ˺һð麹䣬źǰħ߹ߣҲҴĵطڣȻô˶֣ҪĽսֻ·һ
ߣû뵽ˮת粨ϣ·ת
ʱ˵ľҶȣû뵽Щ˻ɱҶ֮⣬ԭΪǻ׽Լ֮󣬲ſʼɱû뵽ôͷ
ᣬͻƵأ󣬵ɱٳսһȫնɱ
ҶЦȻһתһ·ߵģ˵λǰûκޣЩʿһɱңǼȻҪɱңҾͲŹǣλֻҪɱǣҾõ챦Σ
ţ
ˣɫ˲䣬ԴС̡
ǿߣ˱鲻ϱ仯̣תݺݵҶȣ޲ðƤ˶˽͵λֵܣôʿħ߹һʮ飬ɹܼҴӣʵߴɰأǼһһָͷ׾ɱȣǣֺαأ
˵Ĳ
һʿ˵Ļͷ
ˣһߴǰλΪߴЧĶ˰Цѡ
˵ĲҵĻû˵꣬ȷʵ£ҪΪЧԶҲֻһöӶѣʲôʱ򶼿ңǸǻȥһǰҵȾ֮أˣ̫ˣ
ԣ뻢ıƤᱻ˵λɱ
ʮһλǿߣʱ򣬸ɱԭкԥϾߣֻ·һڣѾı߳ԣ˻ȥߣ·ӣڣɱ˲ϲߡ
ߣ
ǿߣͷԣȻȾӡ
Ķ֣
˸ոշɳɣһֺֻȻѹ˺ס
ƣ

һʱ䣬ɸ߼ͨͨѧ֣͵ַ˹ǿߣʿʵǿ£ö죬һ󷨣Կ˹
ɣܾãЩ
һ࣬ҶȼѪ¯ǿʬеˮڱڣͻƣֻһ֮䡣
䡭
УʮһλǿߣһһԼǿֶͨΣϷصһǿߡ
ɫԽ԰ףĹҲã˾ͻᱻһɱˣĿ붢ö죬ܾǿ߹ȷʵһǷһӵУһֶΣֲΪ
ͻƣҪѵʱ򣬱ȫ໥ĦҰڣѾͻ۷壬ǣʮһλǿߣȥһЩնɱǻᣬ͸һ

źһըöգǿߣ˲䱬ը׹ա
ö죬ҶᣬѪɱһ׹䣬һɱö죬ʵǿ˵õ
Сӣԣ챦
߰Ҷǰʮ֮⣬ҶȽɭɭߣʵΧ
ǿʲô
£Ҷȴݲȣһץǧͼͼ龻֮һĺ㾧ġ
ʲô棬Ȼһִ½ԴϢ
һλƺͻصǿߣˣҶеĺ㾧Ŀɿڴϲޱȡ
ʮһУɫɻ󲻽⣬񣬸ӵĺܣһλǿߣƺλΪǿ˼ЦλǴ˵еĺ㾧һ½ľڣ˭õ˭ͿԵõһ½ϿɣΪ½ˣɾɾƵڶԪ񣬶ң㾧ӵд½ԴںλԿһСӣΪк㾧񣬲򣡡
⡢Ǻ㾧񣬴Żиͨӵһӵ˷ӳ֣ͻʱи֤
ǲ֪ǿ㾧ʲôطλĺ㾧һ֣ô˭õͿԳΪһߣ
һʱ䣬ÿѪҺ챬ըֱڿйĶУ˺㾧ٱ
ڰУλǿǿߣͫеˣֱ¶ɱжΪϵ͵ǿߡ
õĺ㾧ƺһ֣Ҳãڸλǰǰòˣ׻˵ߵֻ֮ϣ˭õܷŹһ·뿭ͷϢųȥ
һթ༥ҶȾȻָź㾧񣬶ˣ˵һϵĻҶҲûٷְգЩ˻᲻мƣɱ˼ƲɣֻǿͻأٴѪսնɱˡ


146 ̶
Ѫ¯ʱǽ˿꽣ݹ̶ڽ֮УȻжʮλǿߣ֮
˵Ķԣ챦ֻһôˣÿһ˶ܵõô
ҿɲΪ˰װ£òôö֣
Ҷĥ˰Ƥӣ˾Ȼ޶ԣʵļˣһ涯ֻеڻҵķݣңҲȥǿߣµ񣬲ʿһװȥֻзһУл·
ǣλǿߣԽеıۣеааЩ˵ߵһȺ
λ뿴
ƽ֮ʱҶͻȻ˵һץĿУһú㾧ֱ
ȫ㾧񣬸λǰѾֶγ߸λ챦Ǳ֪ڸλϣĹԣƳڰָ𣿡
˲ҶȲֳһУһΣôǧͼͼ߶㾧񾻻нթɾǿҲǿɾͨҶչͨͲţûĶ
㾧񡭡
ǳüߣ޵һĶֵǿߣĿȻɨˣĿϣд챦޵ɾкѣؿҪץСӣΪľǺ㾧񣬽գϷĺݣ
ǧϵҪɱߣλǧϵ
һλ꣬ȻأȫȲǷǿоһ䣬֪ĶҪ֡
ͣ
ĻճڣһǴ̾ȻɳգֱӲ࣬˼飬յ¡
ˣΣɱˣɱɣ
ߣ߳һλ꣬һۣһζ֮ͫУ¶Ŀ⣬ȴǰǿ
ùЩУȻмʵأڿԿ֮УĸΪѲ
ÿ˿ʼǿʵ֣һеİȾӣеĲģҲһȻڼλǿĸ֣໥֮Ҳɱڣ֡
䡭
ʱѪ¯ʼֲЩȫԽѪ¯ǴǧͼͼѹѪ¯˵ѿʼһ߽⡣
еʬ壬ҹ
ַս֮ʣҶԶһΧһ̷ͬʱ˫һ֣ȥʮ߾ߵͽʬһһѪ¯֮Уǿ
޷ѹͻơ
֮˳Խ޿ֲҶҧţͬʱҲֹͣ붴죬ͬʱѪ¯񾻻ħǣǼʮʬ壬ҶֻǷӡ̫죬Խǧöħ԰ҶͻƸ߾磬ֻҪҶû뿪¹һ죬ΣվͲϣҪЩʬ壬ΪֶΡ
ƣ
֮Уը籩֮Уһ׹⺮ͻȻϯأλɾŶߣһ˲䣬׹⺮ͻȻɢڵĿռ䣬ռȻһ㶳ᣬ˱λɣηӡС
ǲ
һ߳籩Ӹºޱűǿߣſ죬³һط㣬һž޴ıѷ죬ͬɣôС׹䡣
֪νߣ
꣬ĮȻһЦЦ伡ȫƤЦ治ЦĹо
ֶΣ
һֽȳ֣һλʱ˴Ӷ߳뺮ԣ͸ƮϢźƳԾǾӣ
Σ
̹شϸϸˣȻüͷһصùȻûһֱûʩչʵϢ¶֮£ûм͸¶ȻϢɣԶ󡯡
ҲϺɣΪҲһû뵽ħ߹ֵطջȣ෴һЦ
һɣڵӣŶǹ֮ͽ㡭а࣡ҲʾЦ
㾧ҽԳڣȴ֪㾧֮ͨ£ֻպ㾧ߴڣ֪Ϣ챦һɣҲõ˭ңɱ˭
˫ֱһ̣Ϣ񣬶һɴаֹϢ
꽥ͷŰɫ⣬Χռ䣬ʼ䣺˵Ļ˵ģ챦߾֮Ҷ֮е̳˭õ㾧˭ϣͻ߾
캮ض

ǿߣ֣գۣȻײһеĳ㣬մ޺⣬͸֮
󡭡ⶼǹƼ¼еĳɣû뵽ҼɵӣȻͨǷȫԽأﵽء
ԽնɱҶɣڷǳ˽⣬ɾҪԽնɱȵɾǧ
£κţǿǱһؾնɱأѾڣؾ磬ҪԽնɱɣͷǳѣ֮Уֻм˿Խնɱأָ
ﵽ߽ɶ壬Խնɱܣ졢Ѵţſ֮Уÿʵǿȣд˵ȵȷо޴ࡣ
ӡؾ磬ӵгԽʵĺҲеš
󣡡
طսƽϢʬ壬ڻ׹գһλ˳ұ۾ȻٰĹһλǿߣѹѹž顣
ӵй꣬Ŀڳսĺߵ󣬴̫ħս֮ʱһĹž˵õ˴˭žͨû뵽ǿߣ
ϡ٣ˣһ޴ǱǿߣʮѲ֣
ʱλüߣһѪܵ߳գ֮ȫѪԷͨ
ааɨһߣ͸ϹͨĿһһ뻢ıƤղŲǰһˣȫɱô
СӣϷ򿴵㣬ңȻʶôȻ츳壬ʵ̫Ϸǰüߣ˲䣬һСǰģ

꣬ʱ䱼üߣ;Уֱ۳һһ߳ĹǴ̣ߺȻɱ
žͣ
Ǵ̣Ȼʩչķһϼ΢΢ͫ𺳲Сһ֣һֻԵֳѹȥ
˿̣ӱϳһ̰ģУȴûжĹκƻ
ֻʣˡ̫ˣôˣȻֻʣˣˣ죬̫ˣʣµģҽɣͻƣ
һֱδҶȣˣֻŵõսľ־类ĨɱǣͻȻͫĿâȻվһˮ塣
ͬʱѪ¯˿꽣ʧѪ¯ŷҶΧᣬγһɳԽɵĴڡ
ǣ޷ڴҶ֮мžըҶڱ
ȻʱأΧγһι̱㣬СӣȻһֱڸˣļƣ
Զ̱һ춯Ҷͻƣɫʱ԰ס
ͻƵΣɣϷնɱСӣɱ˵ʱ򣬳ü߲ģɳɱȥУûҶͻƷϣΪһɣͻΣѵһ졣
ҵ꾹Ȼǰǿһһεõϴ飬ءҪĴֻϧ֮ڣûɵ̥Īǣҵֻһô
ھ޴Ҷ顢ϴ泩嵽꣬һͻơԡ


147 Ц
羭ʣС⡢ѪеʣҲΪɫҺƤ
ɾ已̥ȻǷˣ֮ȻдʣʹǵɾԶͻɣҲҪϲÿһͻƣѱ䡣
ҵһ泩ҵľһҵǰͻƵأֱҲӵһʵʸУ
һĨжҺ壬ͻɣ飬ҶУ˲ɢѪ¯Ϣȹ̡
һΪǻͻ֮ʣ֣ԭһжΪ̫࣬ǸûҷУ
ÿһ춼ܾȣ֮ʣҶֱմѪ¯֮еħֻռķ֮һžҶǰֹھǷĽҪͷ
Ѫ¯֮УöħǣѾ˴룬򹥻Ҷֻһǰ㣬ʣһҶٲ´ࡣ
һһ磬У泩ڣǿʢϢҶͫ
֮ϣλǿսҽ֮УĴǿߣӵгԽÿһо춯ܡ
ϸ飬ҵߣǿȣҲˮ׼޷ͻɣǿȴ޷ӵзӳ֣
ҶȼͻɾɾҶǰѾأţʲôƼҡҡ棬ǶǸ߸ϵɾͷһţŶҪ𶯵ڣҶȴܺɱɶһͿң޲أǰҶУ߲ʣһʱ䣬Ҷȸںһٸ޲նɱ
ʲôɡơ롢ࡢ׸棬ҶǰСţʥԺӵϣҶȶֻۣؾϣ棬ҶУо޴в
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪жˣΪڴ֮ϣһ֮ϣ˵ضпܣ棬ǧǰѾʮ뿭һǿߣ˵Ѿ֮ɾ
棬ҶҶĿǰʵһ֮УҶģı֮ϣʵֱɶ壬ʱ棬Ҳò£ǴӮԷɱԼܡ
ҶһֱûжôǧͼͼȻͼħǡɾ֮ѣǶϲǧͼ־һ˵֪ҶȾȥ߼ɽ磬ҲҪ׷ɱ
ĿǰҶǴǧͼͼ飬оǼ֮еؾָΰҶ۷޷ٻָ޷ʹãź
ʱ䲻սƣĴǿߣÿ˶ƣ״̬Ҷȣȴ֮Уָδй״̬

ǿʢѹȣҶȲѴһ羪װѪ¯ڴ
ۺ
ɱѽѷֵĴǿߣֹͣ໥ӣһжԣͷŨɱ⣬֮⣬ɻ
λˣɫ԰ףɫأλ̫СӣССһͻƣʵȻô࣬ڵأնɱأͻƵأۺңΣӣ
ǰǧ򲻸򣬱֮ǰǿֹһǿʢ֮ʱԹƣٴνҵҪ
üߣҲΣ෴Ŀȣ
Ӳдˣ
ȻﶯҶ֣գĴǿߣƽϣҶͥŲˣ̫̰һɱ֣˵ǻһ˿ᡭҲҵĶ֣ȫʢʱڵǣҲǣ
Сӣλ꣬һ㱡Ҷһ˵ÿҪը
˵λӿʼǽ룬ǿ϶ߣǣ̫ΪǣΪССɣﲻˣȰڲϧôǿ߽Ȼ׼бֶΣ
ҶȲȲ˵ӿʼǿҲɱңҪɱǿ϶ţʵҲұ֤ҲڶĲĲˣеһУΪУӮˣԴȡþ޴սʤң
ӵд˵ˣڣǿ϶ĵĻǺ㾧񣬿ҲһǣΪ֮Ǻ㾧ô㾧ûֻǼ󣬲֮УһȺ㾧ǿٱǧ򱶵ıֻϧԶңҵĴ£ǲܶߣǵˣȴҪҶߣ
һ˵һѪڤ񣬴ʱѪڤ񣬳ʮɣȫ͸عâ
ʲô
üһôӵۣ෬ĻɱͷȻһëͷСƣɲҡ
Ǵˣ¶̰Ŀ⣺Сӣ̫ţڰȫҵȣѵаٷְٰɱҵȣΪ߽ɣĴƾ㣬ҲԶԿ
֪Ƕͨǰ죬أɱħ
ӶѪڤȻڲ
λͷѵҪɱôرˣɱñѡһѡ֣˭ʵʤһ˭Ͷñ
üߣһ飬Ƭ̺˶ûзԣƺһ¡
ͷűǸֻ̫̰ҶȴʱЦã˻ı
Ķ֣
üߣȷʩչһֻɾ޴Ĵ֣ɽ֮ƳҶȺɱ
ţɣһȻȫ˺ҵǴ֮У͸ޱ׵ҵ壬޷ƶ
һ˲䣬ҶȾȻԼжƬռ䣬ԼƵȫ
ü쳤Х־κεҪ־ǰСӣһɣô֪־£
ߣ
ҶȾȻʼƶһ󲽣ѳü־һ֡
ǿ־־֮УȻҲ̺־ôܣŵأôùǿʢ־ü³һŨѪǰһĻ
ߣ
˿̣ˣſ죬һܹ³һ̼䣬һεסҶȣҶһν
ֻ֣ڿ׼ʱ䣬ҶȺѹ
ֻ
ȣҶڱȼֱ֮ۡӿʼѪ죬ϢȻ䱩סѪڤһǹ̳
䣡
ھʹһ˲䣬Ѫڤ·һǹֱӴ̴вֿʼѣ߽⡣
ͣ
Ŵ߽⣬üٴһѪһԵĴˣ˺òסΣ̿־춯֣Ȼ屶ֹ
屶
ꡢ겻˼龪̾һҶȱʵͷۣ屶ʲô˵
ˣ޷ƣ
ҶһսסѪڤ񣬴һץһɨѪڤԾٶȣ֮ڣֱӺɨˡ
ôᡭ
ĴǿߣѪڤԽٶȣаԵ͸ոܣ־һ˲䣬ȫɥʧ
͡
ѪڤͻأɨˣĿͷ­߸߷𣬽ţһ͸ɫӰӴʬзɳ
Ԫϣ
ӰҶһ۾ϳǴ˵еԪ


148 Ԫ
Ԫ񣬳Խʶδڣ壬ԹͨأһԪϣֱȡؾɱ˵ȵȡ
û뵽һλǿϣȻ޵Ԫ񣬴˳Դ󣬲Ǵ˵еɣ
ԲԪߣԪԼ˳ǸһȥΪҾ޴в
ԪѿǣߣҶȱΣأһǿӿ羨ϺҪѵԪ񣬱˲ϯ˲䱻Ҷ֮С
ɶ񡭡
΢Ԫ񣬲ϲҶƷẕ́Ҷǿɣӡ֮С
ȿȡ
žѪ¯򣬳ŴѪԹɱ⣬ÿһϢѪȣʬƯգͽʬȫѪ֪ٽЩɣ̰շɾҶȡ
˵زܾһɱҲܵλܼǿߣĿǰʵӲ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷȴһץ˷ɳ򣬶Ѫ¯Ҳ뵤֮УΧһҲûʣ£Ҷ̳һߣ߲ã鿭ҲѰ˴һɱڣѰͬϢ֪ˣҶȸв͡
ʱգȻ󣬲ȴ˸ǿϢ͸ħħζ̾ռ䡣
ƬռѾ쿿ħ߹룬дǿޣʿϢҲ٣ʺϾޣ
̤ʱգҶȱܵвĿǰʵ˵ЩȻǿȴ޷ΣգҶʵɰǿߣҲܰȫߡ
ɢ
Ѫ¯һаʱΪһ壬һɽѨ֮С
ڣûзʮְܲһҶգһץʣʮʬѪ¯֮УҶȴһʬ徹Ȼʮߣеɣ򣬻ռࡣ
ʮʬ壬Ȼðգ飬Ҽʤ
һϣҵľ磬ͻƵɾҲ£ĿǰԻָʵΪɾɻûи򣬵ʱ죬ͻƵɾԲ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲżͻƵɰأйž޲ӡһֵͽʼվܡ
öԪȻǿ󣬵ȴ̺Ԫ壬һգҵӵԪ־
һץıץסһӰԪ񣬾ȻҶΰ֮£һͽ͡
ȶʵھˣץסһöԪöԪҲŸոΣʺ
ȻԶҶԺ
ҶϲҲд⣬öԪ̫СʺǳǿԪ񣬲޷˵ҵ־
ҸоԪʮʺгʥ֮УҲһʥ󣬴еɣţǷһߣ
ڣҶȵһʮֺ棬
ޣ߹żţڲ֪ٸǰһУĹڵĴ棬дһݹžһϹֻǿߣ޷£Ҳ޷֤żǼ٣渵
λصɣҲҪȥʶһҶԽ棬ɣһ棬Ǻε硣
Ԫ־ںϣ£ܳɹںԪ񣬲Ԫ־ǿôǧͼͼգ鷳
ǿԪҲܿͼ־
һץһȦʥǿ˲ԪԪʼΧ£ʵ
ϣ
صⶨǬǿ꣬һ̳Ʈ⣬˲䱻ͼԪΧͼ̿ʼںϡ
öļۼ
մԪ񣬾ʹд̺һ䣬Ҷȴп˴ӵУľҲһ
ӣȻ˲ãһУϺ쳾飬Կջ࣬޵֮Ҳɷˣ·ͬͬ
ԭ˷š롯棬޷𷨣ʦһŭ֮£ߴһԶŷ𱦣ձħƣΪݵа
ͨԪеļۼҶȰѴӳ͸˵ӣȻڴֻͨĵӣʵףӺٳʴʵΪ֪
ߵǷݷ𱦣Ȼ⵽׷ɱǷݷ𱦣򵥣Ԫ񣡡
ͷǿ׳˶ͼ֮£ʼճԪ
־һͷԪ̺֮־ȻڿҶһʩչͼֱѹʼĨɱ־
ǧͼԪ֮Уǿʢ־̴
ʲô˼䰡ǡѵǴǧͼ
Ԫ־Ҫʧһɶ֮ʣ־Ȼ˻ߵľ
Ŷ㾹Ȼ֪ǧͼԺҪע⣡
ҶȲ볾־ڷϻ̼ǿͼһȫ־˲ɢʧӰ١
ҶͻȻ˫֣Ԫ֮УһɹԪΪ˿˿̣˫֣֮УҶȵ꣬ʱ˿̣Ȼ˸ɫ걾ֻа״Сڣһ״ССģ
Ǭһ
Ԫ֮͸ޱȴζ纣ˮһӣ˫һ֣ȻԪ֮С

̼ӳְоȫУԪԪܵҶǿľƣһв־ĨɱҶȵľտʼԪ
ǧϪˮ󺣣ԪҲֹ̣Ҫʱ뾫ż
Ϊ˾ںϳɹͼԪӳ֣ʥΰѹκ⡣
Ҫ֪Ԫ仹ǵͼ꣬һˣһӴԪ񣬾ͻᱻԪɶ־ֻͬ޵Ԫǿߣſ԰Ԫ񣬶һˣҲȥձԼǿԪ
ͲԪ֣һһأͼҶҲѹԪ񣬾ԪĨɱԪ־
һж⣬ҶȵĴˣɵõǧͼͼ飬˵Ҷ޵񾳽磬ǧͼϢϢأڣûдǧͼԪ
룬ٲģԹôˣһУΪ£ҵĴˣһУ㰲ϢɣһĺۼҲĴУ
Ȼʱ̣ҶȻԪ֮УӦһ˿˿ҶȴһץΪУǳԹ޷ɢȥҶǿǰʲôԹҲҪʧ
ʱ壬ԪںϣɵĽţڲں֮䣬ҶҲԪԪʼںϣԪ񲻶ȥвԪ񾫻
Ԫ񲻶ںϣҶȵҲںԪ񣬲ٿ־Ԫںϣ־ꡢԪںϣձҶ־ף־Ԫ񣬴ѾҶ־
־ͳ֮һĨԪеĲԪλ־ףԪס꣬໥͸ڻʧԪɫϢ𽥴ʡ
ڵɹһ
ͷŸǿ־ȵıԴӳԪ֮У־Ԫ

ںԪ񣬱Ʈ죬˸߰ףմҶȱԴ֮ɫԪգʼתԪģҲΪģҶȳһģһһСҶȡ
ԪͻȻſ죬ʼȡҶȴԴŪҶЩϰߣեȡ
ȶϲ㣬ɹˣҪע⣬ԪŸոճΣǧҪʩչϣԪϵһģԪһһ־Ҳ֮ʧ循ϲĳ޵
Ԫһ־ʧ
Ҷֱð麹Ԫ֮Уֱӽ죬ֻоΪأΰԱԪԪڶѱ䡣


149 
һ顢ֵȫʧ
޵ʱգһ޴޹֮ϣӾۼڴˣΧŹܼʲô
ܼͫȼյŭŵʿҴϢܼȵֵܷܺܿȫ䣬ʣӴӽԺֻɰ׷ҶϢһ֣֪ͨϷ򣬺ߣҪͣ
ͣ
ʿһͣһλλǸ߽ɣͨÿһλ߽ܵӼΪͣÿһ˽£һ˳Ѫȷ硣
ʵûϵӳɳ֮죬ֻʹˣ׽סҶȣܼ˵꣬ĬһϢʱʱޣһᣬΪһɫĻ
ҪСģֵһҶѾնɱʵֻڰ£λֵܣλǣװ׷٣
һλӣһȣʿʩչͨıòͬһͬı䣬Ϊһʿͬʱշȥ

ƬʱߣǰҴʱձʿϢһһȫ
һʱ֮УҶȴһӣаɢһ˶ʱգûκ
ħ߹ʱ䣬ȴδ׷ٵϢ
ţãĿĵ׷٣ϵޣԹϢȻԸܵԴϢڣ
äĿ׷գҶһټδѰż֣ʱ򣬺ȻԴõޡ
ݡ
һץĿҶ֮ϣβȼţ͸ǿŨҵа
ԪУаǿ󣬾߽ɣҲͶϴǧͼԴ
ԴҶȵõޣͷǰҶȾ̫ͣʵ̫ǿƣͻƵأӵбȼʵأʵһӦò¡
˵زأ
ʱմ֮Уߵͨʯò棬ֱǴȻĹ񹤾ϸĶɡ
ͨʯ֮͸űջҪǿʢаħ֮һ߾޹ǣеĳɣã﷢һ춯صս
һͨȥʯ֮ϣҶ룬ʯֱʮɣҶץסޣ̴֮мͶ
ͶɫɫмдŰ߰ߺɫƺۣڵһεõͶʱҶͼ⿪зӡǵҶȣֻǰѷӡƣûС
ͶƿմʦͶڡšĸƷ֪ɷӶǳƷ쳣죬Ͷɾǿõķ
ӳ֣ʵһ㣡
оͶ͸ޱȹӵҶһͼޣһԪԪ˲뺮Ͷڲ
ǰҶΪ̫ͣ޷͸Ͷڲ޵ԪʵԪģȡ¡
һӡ߲ʹĻһӡصӡǿڲȴӵɾǿ磬ҶԽУӡԶҶȿҶȳڱԴʱһϵڱԴ
󣬾ǺͶԴȪɾõĴ󣬶ƿմʦҲɾеǿߣ󷨣Էӡʵѣ
˴ʱ侫ѺͶһһգͶѾҶҲֻҶȿԴ߶
ͶȻȿȥҪǿ󣬱ӵȼҪߣӦһݺɾ
֮ҶȲŶԺͶ˽⣬淢ֺͶȻһǰǿ󷨱
ʮɷӡŵľЩϽӽ߷ƸƷֻʥƷ֮ʹ߲ϽΪ߼ͻʥƷֱеĸƷԽ
¿ɺãôǧͼͿޣ
̽úͶҶ˷ܴУԪ̻壬һӣӿ뺮ͶͶǻҺɫƺۣʼ˸â֮ڣȴûκλ棬һҡ
ҶȰѱڵĵҩһһ޽䣬һţ߶Ͷһ󷨣˲޴С
ˡ
ոս뱦һ˲䣬޾ͷǳа񡢰磬Ҷ޷⣬ǹаĨɱҶȴԪ
ְڱ֮ϣ߶Աʼɢʣһһסޣܿͻָƽ
Ѫ
ָһһαޱȴʥľѪ˲֮ϣаһκƺҪѾѪͬʱ⣬ǿ󱦶ֱչޣѪҲ͸֮УվѪĹޣŷҺ塣

ھѪϱ֮ǰаа֮ʱȻ޻ûΪһаѪĿķŭ𣺡˭˭»֮־ʥ־߸ϣ
Ȼڱ֮£ǿʢа
ҶŤ£δ߶Ͷ󣬶ʱɽŤ־˲仯Ϊĭ޲аа֮ĨɱǻıԴȣ뱦ʼںϡ
֨֨
ͶƺԴ뿪ƿմʦ֮󣬾ʧȥ˱ıԴ־֮־ջ֮־ǿͶ⣬Ҳ͸غͼڣͶȫѡ
ϵĺɫͼڣл¶ԿȼգڱڣҲó죬ڱ֮ϣҲֻϧһǶѣҪ壬Ͷһѱ䡣
𣡡
һʳָָָ⣬һȼջǣ޼׷٣
Ҷ߶˲䳯ʱշȥҶͶŻڼٷԾʱգҶ̼׷ٶȥ
˭ǿߣȻ˱ʥ־
һ¹ڣһλˣŻһĴۣ볣ûĳȼգ˫ͫȼܻ棬־ƺҪȼ˻ġ
ΧƯһ߾ʬ壬һɹգŭգɢˣһҪ׽ôˣҪ𣬳˵ΣһеʿҪҽɱ
ع˲ȼյĻ磬һлΪҽһƻ棬ֱϿգƻʱ֮С
ɶɢˣγһܷŹҪҵܱܵ𣡡
ֵܣɲ֮㿴Ƭʱжٸ߽ɣǶɢˣթĺܣ
γˣΪľǶԸɢˣΣɢôҲӲ˰ɣ
޴ʱ֮УʿǸ߽ɣֻһٲǵͽɣЩͽɣս֮ʱҪܶһޣܸıˡ
߽ɣۼڴķƬʱգطųǱЩǱǸ߽Ķڲͬʱգʹá
󲿷ʿ磬ǱڵѨɽǹż֮УӵжɣǶŴɣ޴ͨǿߡ
ɶɢˣһƬʱʧһҪץס
һλǿ߽ɣһȺǿߣʧ飬вΧټ
ţ𣬾ȻƬʱգ
ձԵһһֻץסһͬʧҶ֮УĶ֣Ȼ
ƬʱգǿϢҶüͷ壬أ֮̾ɾͷɢ˾ǱУҳĲ֮
ƬʱգϢЩرҲˣ
ʱյһɣҶȺȻоʱϢͬħ߹ϲռ䣬Ϣոᵽȴʧ
Ҷģ˾޴ʱգκ쳣Ӵʱ֮ϣ
ǿֵ硭
ǿʢϢҶȸоѪҺǿս⣬ҶѹסսΪ档


150 ض
һʿĳ֣ûֵҶȲΨһҲһЩ߽׵ɣ˵أԽնɱɵͨǰЩ˻ǲ
෴ߣба߶ϣһһնɱаʿֶײС
ʿ룬аҲ٣ħ߹аħ̡
Ҷ죬ûδܵɢϢȻҶȱý֣ɢԽթвɴ⡣
Ǵ磬ַһֻϣ
߸죬¶ϢʿƬأȻĿλʿоͰҶȡ
֮Уͷߣʵڰ۳ڣ˰֣ϣؼһɫӣȥЩģ˵θ˫ɫ˫ۣ˵һ󣬾Ǹаʿ
жץ٣ߡɢааһЦųŤ
аʿʼһȺΧȥΧЩǿ߼Ҳδ֪ͨͬ࣬һһϷ
аߡţˡĪǾǰǸɢˣ
ҶȾòͷԪһɨȻаߣǳɢˣ˲ҶĿ⡣
ɵĺܣɢˣײңҲΪǰȴһ׮£Ҷװ̩Ȼ£ߡ
ٿ
һƬҰһа˲ӰѹһаץЦ
ݡ
ҶԭزаҪʱָаһһƽɫ˿Ȼ䡣
͡
ɫ˿ԾаԾ֮ƣϣа߾㵱£˲̴ţɫ˿գаʬҶС
ɶأ
аʬ֮УҶҡҡͷתգķаڲ׽ʿ
Ҷһɱ𣬻һץһɹɽɫ糯ÿһаϯȥɢˡ
ţ
ɢϷȻй춯Ťͷһʱ󾪣ͷۺһҰĽɫɱȥ
ݡ
аצ£ɫƽѹаɢͻȻգɢϮɢ˴ʧɫٻһȨȰ㷨۸ǿǰǣɫɿͨ˲âʢȨͷŵ˲ո͸ɢš
ȿȡ
˱ɢ˺󼸲Ҫߣǽɫȫҽ֮У͸ޱǿ־ɢ˸оԼһһɫ÷顣

аһһɫɱץסʿûߣ˿̣һֻͻȻգһץסɢˣٿȻա
㡢˭ҳɢˣаˣ˱ɢ˱ĶץסˣҶȣоĪһͷˮ
Ҷޱ˵һ䣺ɢˣ׷ɱһλѣΪұɱ㣡
䣡
˵꣬Ķ־ͽһǿԾĳɢˣ߹һѣһľĶ룬鳾ɢ˻⣬űĶһɨΪ촷볾֮С
а𣿺ÿ֣ײаʬҶȻ棬Ŀע£뿪
أȻһɱɢˣأӵصȻһбһֻϲܷ
ѵһĺŴŵӣֻŸƾŵɾħ߹
ߣɢ˿ɲǳɢˣЩߣʲôƨţֻɢУʣ
ΧЩɣʲô鶼У󲿷˶𺳣Ҳһ˵һ󼵶ʷ̡
ˣˣ
ڼžʱͻȻһĻ棬λǿߣǱشӵķɳһ׷ɱһʱ䣬˶㲩ʱգǿ־ÿˣܵһеĻڷȼա
ڳˣߣ
ৣ
ĿʿðĻ籩䣬ûһҲǧ߽ɡͽɷӵаҲ롣
Ȼ·
Ҷָ΢΢ȼţһܵ·һͬĻ֮־쳣Ӵǳܺãɢڳסøˣӵصף֪ڴʲộ
̲ݻҶβΧɱķ籩³ͨҲԽ㣬ԼӺŵأΧȻһĵ¿ռ䡣
ɢˣ
ʿոսռ䣬ʱһɰϢշɹΧٴ߽ɣϢųȴۡһͷ෢ˣǱһȺ߽׷ɱЩɣءɡ

ͻȻһԶһλ߿һָɢϯȥɹ죬ѵ¿ռųɢ
찡ǡɾزǿߣǿ߳ˣҪץס
ռʱ̣
ٵͼɣһָ߽ɣһԾԾԣĿܡ
䣡
ɾزǿߵĹǧĿڴ£ڻɢˣ˱Ʒ徹Ȼ֮УΪһųɵĻһըÿҪķѡ
ɾأ£Ϊ࣬ͨأȡؾɾϢǿߣһԻһʱգ½Ҳܲסȫһ
𣬲Ϊڸ߽ȫһ£ҲȻֲס
֮УΪ𣬱ըһֲһȻûаķѣᣬҪܡ

ͻȻֳһǿϢһĺȻΪһ޴ӡҪεѹ
һɾǿ֣߳һΣˣ֧飡
ʱյ桢գ˫۾һ̣ϣĿǿֲʥӡȻ¡
ۡ
ӡػ𣬾ͷŷʯ棬춯أһеĵ֧飬ڳÿˣϢҪΰʥ£¹򣬳ʵڳԽһѾɷ߾硣
űһɳȻһݷСܡ
ৣ
ٸգһ£ʿĶһÿƴطգ
֮УһĻĻɱĳѪ죬ڲײУʼƻȶħҪѪȡ
֮ϣλɾزǿߣʼһϢСϢô
ԣйթ
Ҷգݵĸоܵǿ߹ǿ飬ܳסӹʵʵ˾
ҶҲо̺˿ֲ־Щ˵õҲ
ΪҪ־ֻô־Լ־ػԸǿߣΪλҪʵɢ
Ҷ۾ͻȻһҵɵ㣬ĿӴΪβԸǿߣǶߣҪ
ˣڴˣҲ޼£
޷ƽĿһѳ𣬶ʮλءǿᣬƾһѪգȻṵֹ̂ͣһ̳ױ
ͣ
Щǿɱһ֮䣬ͻȻɳһѪӰ˲ǰٶȣҶⷽ׹䡣
ã
ҶȰмѪڤ񣬶һץסѪڤͻȻһǿʢ־֮͸ŷҪҶ־
ǿ־𣬵жǿ󣡡
üͷһҶ˺󼸲ʱʮλǿ߳ҶɱҪҶҶȴңԽŭ

һ̣ҶȿסͻȻȻ棬ȼҶǿ𿪣ҲһſʼȼնĿâͬʱ¿ռ俪ʼضɽҡƺҪˡ


151 ħλ
ô£
ͻȻ棬ǿϯҶȣҶȴʧɫֻʱѡâƿأա
ʱգͬʿѣչڴ˿̣γһȦԲ𣬿ƣһŴҪ¿ռס
ͣ
γɵͻȻΪ壬Ϊ棬ʼȼգԽǿʢзһͬ졣
΢࣬࣬һδץסңÿαƣѲµߵ󣬲κΪֻҪκβ࣬նҪΪҳΪҵÿͣ
ۡһͷ෢ɢˣȻͷŵ棬Χɾزǿߣһһ𿪣ɢˣĬĬ߶һʱ䣬γһȻȼյĻǧʿС
ʥҪͻƻʥǾһͬħλ棬޷ɵ࣡ߵ쳾ϴ󣡡
ɢһ𣬾ȻΪɾ޴𣬳ǵȻ׹䣬ر˲գһʱ䣬˼˺ѵģһɫӡʱѿһɾħ߹ϲʱյķ籩ѷ죬γɾ޴磬ڻӣһλλʿҽУ㱻籩ȡ׹޾Ԩ
ӣȻôλ籩Ҫħλ棬һȥֻ·һ
ǿߡǿߣһ̣ڿıͲúõĴλ籩ǿߣ·λ棬һȫλ棬ֻɾǿߣпܿԽλĿֲʱգɣ޷λ֮һħλ棬ֻɢɱ
Ǽ䣬һǿߣȥеİ·λ籩룬еĸտ㱻գΪһƬλ籩һɹǿߣҲֲס
ǿߣǱ籩룬ҰǺޣʱճ˼һҪгʹࡣ
ɢˡȴлҪթǺˮޣҶôǿ֣ҰĲʥʥӵɾʵ
뿪ðһ
˿̣Ҷ˼֣ðŶ麹ϴǧͼͼ飬ǧͼλ꣬Ϻ㾧˵ԴԽħλ棬޷շȴҲȫˣһͬȥô಻ǿߣԸһ𣬻һա
ðգðգҶȵʵ޷ͷŴǧͼͼȫƺ㾧Խλ棬ôҶֻԶħλ棬ʵȫ֡

Ҷԥ֮ʣλ籩ͻȻһ羨ϺһҶУӰ
ʱգʼĴصʿնһһ䣬УȻҲвǿߣֶͨΣɳǿߣʮˣеˣͬɾزǿߣҲλ籩޷һͬС
㼯һ㣬׹ѷ죬һλ籩һͬģǹԨ֮С
ա
ȻҪʥѿǣʼգΪ˶ɱôʿ
һʥħλ棬ưԣɾͷҲκβ
ӳȥĲǿߣľսЩǿĸǾǧգһΣƽΣһΣһ㣬Զħλ棬ħλ棬ȻҲǿľͷԽɾħͷԼаһǿߣʥѿǵǿޣУΪʳײ㡣
ħλ棬λͼλ棬ֻбô󣬱λ棬С࣬ĴڣȴλһʷƾãȫԽʷ
ڹʷУ֪ٸܼͣλ棬ϵλ涼׹ˣһǰ֮Уħλ棬ǰһ޴Ķħλֵλ棬ӹ񣬲ǿߣħλ棬ȴδɹ
ħλѪɫƮ죬йԹˣ֪ħλ棬ս飬γİаԹ
һǧĺȻǺɫѪҺðɫ棬ŷȼգںɫѪҺ֮Уšź˸ʬǣӴʬǣȻڱɫѪҺʳ
ѪɫħλƣγһرаĿռ䣬һеѪɫƿء
ڴ˿̣һ籩ѪɫϿ˺һӣʿһ׹䣬ڵѪɫ֮ʣǿ߲ŷֹ֮סΣЩС

͡
ʵСʿܲס籩ĳ޷סΣȴһ׹Ѫ֮УǿǰЩʿȻˮʴ޷彥ѪҺˮʴΪһ߾߰׹ǡ
һεĵ֪ǰҴ׹ڴˣѪ֮޳ʶ֮壬ʮ޵˾磬գִʥѷʥʱ̣ͳͳΪҵĽɣ
Ѫ֮УһŻ潥Ưں֮ϣΪɫ۵ĳ෢ˣһץѪʼڣҵĵҵ˭Ҳӣʥ
һɹǿа͸ÿλʿоʱѪΪһ壬ǵһڱ
ҲҪţ׷ɱֻҪɱǾ뿪
һλɾزǿߣȷɳϢǿʢƺѪ֮Ӱ죬ֳХͰۼҵ֮Уһ
ã
Եˣһ̣ŷץݣزǿߣͷԼȫھزǿϣһ޴Ĺǿһ̼ӳ֣þۣϵıǿᣬƺԴݻһУ
΢࡭ǿ
ǿɢˣȻһ˿Ҳ־壬ϣֵıЦݡ
䣡
ʮɰ޴ǧʿһǸ߽ɣɾǿߣҲӦ
ɢĿĹҫ˺ڰ˹ʥָ߸ϣʥһɢ˺ȥ
գۼ䣬ɢˡѪڹĺ嫹â£УÿˣͫȵϣԵǿĳ棬ǧ꣬˭һΪϣҪ
˵ϣʹԻɢ׹ѪѪʼȼ
Сթ
ͻȻ˿ϣ֮ʱĳҶȸа֮־ڿֲ֮ʱҲڷڣȥõӳ֣øǿҶȲɴһ䡣
ʲô
ˣ󶼺ɻ໥һףһţǷڵѪȻһ򣬶򣬴Ż棬ޱаħ֮֮ǰһǿߵ˻ȥ
䣡
а˲ǰըһǿߣըķѣ֧飬ѪɢգһλɾǿߣҲը֮ˣɾزǿߣǿ룬һ١
ʿǧ˰ڱը֮УѪ·Ȼ˫ֳ죬űը֮ǿƺա
ֻأĵϣ
ȻɢΪģΧվֹɹâ͸֮ΰɢϯ

ɢ˾ʧ룬ƺĿֲȻΧʱոȫԽ
䣡
йɢΧѪ֮ˮγɵķ֮ϣַɢ忪ʼûУܵľ޴в
ɷǧƣ
һΰӰ֣ڶ԰λǿߴһ֮ΪǿߣͷһŨŨĻϢǿγһɾ޴ĻƣƾȻѪ֮
ľˮȻˮҲˮ
һɾؾͷɶ񡭡
ɢ˷ŭХ֮Ѫ֮ˮȻȥƣȻѹ
¡
ͬˣ׹Ѫ֮УѪһζĺˮ½أѪ֮ˮʮ֮һ
ѪϢôǿ󣬲л棬ԽǿʢվյλɾǿߣȴţΧٴγλɾǿߣǿߣ͸ޱȳصϢ
ѪϿգϢڼת䡣


152 
ܵһƹѪӿȣǿ߾Ӹ£ÿһͷſֲһ䣬ǿ߽һͷžͨΡ
ҶӮˣһǿշ𣬻뿪ϣһ˲䣬ǧǿ߾ô䡭
ҶȵղŹһҲܵ˷ѲմħңѴ޽ħǶѪ¯֮Уۼһⷢǿա
аನδɢ֮Уûһʬ壬ûһڣұΪͬ࣬Ҷ˸С
Ҷߣʱ֮УҶȸܵв˻һЩڣǿֶεţĿⶼǿߣѪ춯ϣɢڸղ֮С
û
ǿͬʱ˺ʮɣǱ࣬أĿ⿴ѪȻˮȼһŻ棬塣
ܸᣬշѹѪ֮ĵںϣ
Ҿ㣬ľںϣһϣȫռѹѪ
ͨ𣡡
ϣ
Ҳϣ
ǿߣ˴ǹۣÿʮϣΪǿߣټ裬زϺ̥ͷֻ·һնɱħͷΪģϲߡ
ɶ࣬ǳ׼ŭ˱ʥҪǵĽǵѪͷ­Զڵ
Ѫ֮УȻɢŤεаͽӰѪ֮й񺿡
ɢ̴ˣ֮ศɣǿߣ湦ԽʮԲǿߣɰ뾳ɢ˼ѪҲӽɰ뾳ǿߣȴѷһ
ܵѪϢ֮䣬֮ǰǿʢǰ㺧ˣ࣬ǿ£ĴҶҲȲڰΪʱնѪ֮УĿǰ޷⣬ҲޱҪ
Ϊƾľ³ʺˮ
λϵǿߣһ߾߹ϿھÿһϢӣѪϿգһ㾧ɫһӳһ㣬·ҪѪӡǡ
ľ𣡡
һλ۵ǿߣڳ˵ٱһıɫںϣûκų⡣
ǿɫں֮󣬻ڻΧһһÿһںϣûγɸӺʵķӡȫѹѪ֮
찡ֶΣ
һĻĻֱͨƺﶼ֮УһԼǿĹǶǿߣΪģȻΪԴطͷŴ˵еֶΡ
ֻأִǬ
ˣޱȰԵϢߣ˫һ֣ʱһתѪѹȥתһâһڰ໥ںϣγһݵƲǿʢУͷذĿ
䣡
͸ֱӹѪ֮ڣʱǧˣȱըһڴݻ١
ħ֣
ʣλǿߣһλǰϢ͸ռ䣬ֻڻϿգһǹԵһѪ֮УѪܵһѪ췭ظ
۵
һλǿߣͻȻſ죬һ֣Ȼ籩һѪ֮С

ѹӡɾزǿϹһĻѪ֮ˮŷҪʱʱޣһɹɱַȫоϢ
ûϢڡ
칥ɾǿߣҲΣҶ̼һǣӦ𣬾Ȼδʧʱʱޣ־ǱȽǿʢ
˴룬ǿߣҲĵÿҪ͸֧ʱûᣡ
Ҷûð¹ǣһս˵ĿģΪǿ߹ͣҶҲװʧȥᣬףҶȱƵΪһΣ֪ʲôʱ𣬶첻һÿζԼ
߳
ѪһξѪϢָһϢѪ׹ȥܿſʧѪ֮С
һѪҶץģͶƿմʦһķԾѪΪ
ͶһѪţͶûΪһǹ㣬ѪߣʼѪ֮ѪԴͶյԽ࣬ԴԽ࣬ʱȡ𣬾ͱ׶ˣҶ֮ǰѾһԺͶѪûų⣬ҪͱѪų⣬˵ֱ֣ȡǾ͵ʴס
ɹ˰ɣ
δʿһһۼѪϷԼʮˣЩΪңΪҶȴӲװУóԱŴɣЩҶʶǱɵӡ
һΣҲ뷭
ǿϳɱ飬ⷬսʮʮҹľλ棬֮Ͱնɱħλ棬Դ㣬ʵס
Ѫ֮飬ɱз־
ۿ˿ף֮ʱͻȻѪ֮У˻ߵаŭ
˴ʧɫǿߣٴʼѹѪʱѪȻһǧ׸ˮˣУɳһŶĿѪѪ֮ת죬ֱƻӡ
ʱйբˮǿֲѪ֮ˮͻȻȼĹâѪͻƵĿӣʼͼ

ǿվǰλһѪ֮ˮ壬ʱϻ֮Уʹŭ
ѪĪıԴȻ޳Ѫ˱Դڣһ
Ҷȵ˼˶ǹ۾ĶǿѪձֲǸ߽ɣֲҲܶãڣҶȾðһԡ
Ѫҵ򣬾ͱ򣬿簡
ΪһգҶȼٷѪ
ݡ
ڴ˿̣һλ˰ˣȻһհɳĿҲѪҶͬʱһۣƺܳԾ
ڴ˿̣ѪƺҲܵвɢһȦȦ棬ԼҶ˺Ȼס޷ٽһ֣Ҷȿһˣǿʢ˺档
䣡
һϱҲ˺棬ȻҶͬʱѪ֮£ǣҪǰһ֣ʮѣѪǲ棬͸ѪıԴ
߱ѪˣΪɣȼɣ
Ѫ֮ڣŭĺУƺ֪ҪѪ׼ŭѪȼĺˮΪ˻棬أǻ棬滯ΪаҫȻըʱգѪƵʱգ˲ֲը
ˣ
λ˰ˣһľ̾ѪĻ棬ʱȻߣһŲ˼䡢޾ŮգҶǰֻһۣҶȳմˣδգʥϢϢ֮УҶȸܵһڲͬ
ǰŮҶմģɱ𣬺޲һɱҶȣʱռ䱬ը԰׵ͷߡ
䣡
յıըͬѪǿߡʿҶȡѪɢˣʱվƿرը£𡢳٣Ϊ


153 
ĳ߼ʱգǡħλѪʮɣѪΪ޵ͨɾǿߣֶ޷ɱɼһߣʵɰ뾳
ԱΪľʩչһٴʮѣҪʱ뾫ˡ
ѪƵգһƿ̮һ߽⣬Ѫ׸ɿݣʧħλ͸Ϊһ壬Ѫ֮Զʧħλ
˳߲ǶҪ𡭡
ѻΪѪһ۵ĻȽȽ𣬻ͣ෢۵ɢˣɢаħԹڶĴһϢĲǿߡ
û뵽Ҿôˣ
Ĵǿߣձը֮ݻ£ȫľʣ¸߼ǿ壬ʵߣɱǡ
Ĳ࣬񣬾ҪΪûвֻ࣬лûĴڣʷУҲҪʧ
ǿȿȣ
У˫Ҷ棬ɫ԰ףɾǿ߶޷ܵ£ҶȾȻš
ȣ
һһʯƷǰӵŮվа֮УüɨһҶȣȻ쿴ա
Ŷû뵽û뵽һϣһλŮߣȻܹӲд񣡡
Ưеɢˣ̰ضŵ棬ҶŮ˫ͫ𺳾ǿɱ
ǡ
ĴǿߣҲԼ۾ǶסȻеߴһĿڰŮϣͻȻ𾪳̾㡢㡢ӵһӡѩ
ѩ
ӵʥ֮壬ʳȻɾһˡ
ѩӵһӣĺɾһˣȻ鴫
һǣĴǿߣһ˼̾ɾΪȻһصͽߣ¶ǾͿ־塣
ɾһˡѩʥ֮壬Ҳʥ֮壬һ˫ޡ˿̣ɭɭضѩ´һֱûƿ
ѩӵӵҵŹŵӶŮԣɫÿʿ˫޶󣡡
վֱ壬Ҷȴѩû뵽Ůɾһˣϣֻзϡ
Ҷ˫⣺ֲйϢԣԭʥ֮壬ڵʥ֮ǿʢ£Ȼ߹ҵϢʥʥӦòڷ磡
ٿҷϵ˫ۣ
ڸѩϢҶȣȻյһɺ⣬æջ⣬ֻѩ߸ϣþǧ֮ĮĮȵ
һ̣ҶȲû˿ѩ߸ϣӵвڷʥȻƲֵ
ѩ뱾ʥ˫Σ̾յɢˣɭɭ͸аħϢϢ֮ǰ֮
ѩ͸žľ룬༥ƾ㣿һȻոͻƳʥǿ߹£ʵ֮ǰҪգұ㣡
ѩΪ߸ϣʲôӣǿʥ֮ķϣʥ㣬񻹴ԲѣãҾֱľʥ࣬һָǿʵɣ
ɢ˲һУ˫ץѩħĺǸŷҪѪ
ѩҲ˵Ĳᣬɢ˵ǿƣһһտ߳ɽɢˣɽ͸ޱɽһȻ֮
Ѫ
ɢ˴вãɫ䣬ɽ־岻ѣɽ֮£ȫԷѹۿɢɽ֮ʱȻʧѪ

һĽײյɽѪײһ𣬳˲䵴ѩɢͬʱƷʮɡ
޵ʥû˵ҲӵжԿɾһصʵѩ˵ϻԶϻһ㣬ʥҵа񣬵ʱҾ޵;ɢסӴ壬ɫԶѩȻһ˿ˮ
㣡
ۿѩƣĴǿߣҡҡڰڵվĴ󷨱֮ϣɢ˷һ
֪
ɢ˳죬Ĵǿߣһӣһɻ棬ֱ纣Х㳯ϯȥһžĴǿߣȻգΪҽĿɾؾ޴׹ա

˲ɱĴǿߣɢ͵˺󼸲֮ϣɽѪڶĴǿ֮ɢϢ㣬ɽƵ˺һ

һֻ˲Ŀ׹ץУʧգ۳Ҷǰ˰Ĵɾͻɾ׾٣
ѩΣİѾҺɱѵ㻹뿿ԱǵСһ֮ϣʥ¿㻹ʵͶԶҪΪʥūɢŵ
ɱңҲףʵҲΪָɱĺûᣡѩļţԳʥɢˣĺܡ
ɢ˺Ȼһ䣬ɭɭĵѩɾһˣΣӦҲܵħλΪγûбݴܶߣߣʵɣħλǹϵĵλһħﾫѪݻɣϹħһȡһɾҪˣҲˣ㲻ñʥ֣Ҳֲס꣬꣬ҿԵȣ
ʥ֮⣡
ѦͻȻһʥγһ޴ı㣬˫ּɽʥâжħ
ߣҾͲֶܼãʥʵָ죬ðָܻ꣬ɾǿʱȻѪԶʼħָ֮ʵ
ã˶ò£ɷ˭ҪԷɱʱֳʤҾʱ䣬ͻƵʮأʱٴδ߶ǧͼͼͿԴԽλ棬ץҲɰȫ뿪
ӣ
һҶȲӣڲ涣Ҳɾأҽħλ棬ֻ·һ
˲Ĩɱ־ֱӼֳҶȿʼѪ¯ռʼѹٴͻơ
ӡʲôأ
ʥ֮ڣѩܵ춯Ϣ任̳ҶȿȥǸߴʮɵӣѿڶһ֮̾
ȱʥʵٻָЩһССɣˮ㣿ɢɭȵ
ħҶգҶȵϸ硢ѪҺɴһڼӳ֣ڷ
ʱ䲻㣬
Խɵǿߣѩɢ˳Խ˷˷Σ־뷨ļ֣˭ֵ˭նɱԷ
һ¡¡ʮ£
֪һ⾰ôȥɽѪȻڿ⣬ɢϢԽǿʢѩʥ֮ȴ
Ҷȣħ֮УѹѾɾأڲ
͡
ֹѩʥ֮⣬Ȼʧѩ³һѪɽҲɣԶԶľʯ֮УѩǿϢ΢ĺܣһϢʵץסʯ֨֨졣
ɶѩıʥ깦գڿ㣬ΪūʥҪҹ㣬ҵģ
ɢˣ߸߷˫֣̰سҶѩȥ
ݡ
ͻȻѩ䣬һһɹϵĹâɢɢ˺ǹâ֮УȻһλΰӰߴɣʮһλӵбƵĿꡣ
ɡɾǿߵ־ͶӰΰӰɢɫ԰ףƺҪͣ١
ڣҶȺȻۣţǿ־ѵɣ
ѩҧ񴽣ĮӰʵ죬ʲôʱ־ߵģ
޴Ӱ졯߸ϣҵ˵λ棬û۸㣬Ҿ죬ҾݵףݽҪҵĺһһУҪҵͳ죡
졭ɾǿߣ㡢ԺĪϵɢ˳סλʵ


154 նԾ
ԺΪɢ𾪣
̸ӱҶȣһαһ𾪣ӰȻһλɾͷ˵еɾڵüһ־ͶӰǿǱжֲ
ңӽеɾͷϣҶȿв֪ΪΣԼĵв
Ҳ֪Ժ
߸ϣ£ɢˣ߼ʱգЩʶҵ죬ԺӣҲ֪ĺԺǰһų㲻ϣʶ࣬ͳ֮ʱ԰ħλǿɱΣ
ߣеɣ˵ʵҲԺӽħλ棬޷Ҫݷ㻹̫ˣɾǿߣΣһ־ͶӰڱʥǰҲԵǿᣬɢ˾Ȼ죬˿ӡ
Ȼˣ㿴ʲô־
ܵ裬߸ϵɾ쾹Ȼŭޱȣ˫Ŀһ⣬ɢˣһħ£߽⡣
ɾȻֲһ־ʱշ飬Խ˷ˣӵ˵ɡ죡
ʱշڵ߽֮ʱҶ⣬ʱգҪ羵飬ʱһӣҪ飬ҲҪΪǧƬƬ䡣
졭㾹Ȼ޵ø߽Ϊ
ɢû뵽Ѿ޷ܣǵ⣬ٶ̫죬̫ΰʱն÷飬Ҳֻ·һ
־·ƣ
ۿڵ־⣬Ҫɱɢˣݻʱ֮ʣһаħ⣬Ȼħʱ䣬ֱӺڵ֮ϣ̼䣬⿪ʼʧħȫԽ˵ʵǵٱֹħߣƺܵħס
㡭㡭һ죬ҵҪ֮ܣλߣҵҪң
ħѹĵͶӰһΣʧһɾ־ͶӰô򵥱ħɱ
лħ˿
ɢ˼־ͶӰɱֿ˻ħ⣬ҲɵѣΪħ⣬ɱһУҲֻħλһɳѡ
̫ˣõħ֣ɢ˰ٷְڵΰ־֮УΪ
Ҷļº£ڣµˣȴɢթǿУΣҶȶҪһ׵ս
ý
ĳ֣ȥѩûж飬ȻĮƺڱôһǿɽˣɢ־Ĩɱһ֣̼ٻɽ˲仯Ϊһ⣬γһ֣ѩȰ
СӣٻָһЩʰ㣡ɢϢң䱻ǿ־ѹ£̫࣬ûָʵĿǰʵƽ⽣ҲУȴҪָʵ֮ٳ֣һʧ
һܾˣãʱɢ־ʱ̣ȴҽʱ̣
ҶȺȻվӣӱҶ̲ټѹ̼䣬һʱ伷ѹԶԶԽʮʼ
ž
ѹǱըڴ춯أһɹȻʱ֮˺
СӣȻͻƣãͻƣԽǿɾͱʥֻҪ㲻ͻɾɾôҲԱʥв
ھ޻ָʵɢˣɫ䣬ŵֱð亹Ҷȱ֮󣬷ϲЦһɣ
ܣŵأΪӵءصǵǵȾţڵɾҲֻӵءʣȻȫԽ˵죡
ӽ֮еѩ֮ɫǣΪɾһˣɾָƣңҲأӵбȼɰ뾳ʵоҶȣֱڵأӵгԽصʵ졣

Ҷתʥâ֮Уһը֮ȫ飬ﶼһ˵ƣͻ˵ɰأڱը
ɾء
ʼ״󱬷ոͻƵɰأŸո飬ǿ£ʼͻƵɾء
һͣžըһΣҶȵĵ㶼ˣʧʱһȥʧ֮һһ֣Ҷ

һҶȣӣޱۺ磬ħӦΪ
žž
ѡըĽ硢ϸѪҺֿʼžžһ̣һһҲȻɢɢȫۣŶ죬תٶȱ֮ǰһֹʼ
һſŶĿʼ뵤һ飬ҶȻſ֣о崿ޱȣȫԪеԪȼ磬Щ㡣
ɾءͻˣʮأԲ
ʮشԲ磬ͻƣͻƵػҪʮһͻƳɹҶȾͿֱϢڸַ֮ϣҲӵɰֶͨΡ
ԲͻƲѣʹĺܣһͻƣʹҶѾˣǰˡ
ɣеɣ
о۷壬Ҷȷֿ˫֣ڡ򡢶ʼȫͷţļ
꣬䣡
͵޳ҶһȫѣҲϿϸ뱻̴ѪҺʼɢǡ
˿̸о˺ʹ֣һѪҶƤͫ䡢ǿҲѪ
У
ڴ˿̣Ѫ¯ðԾɱЩɾȻԶӿҶ֮У壬ϢԽԽŨɾʼѪҺ硢ϸ֮С
ţŨϢȻǿɾصСӡȫСУͻȥ
ɢڱɢĿֲѣȻָоҶֹͻȥвɢ˿ʼͷȥ
ȻͻƵɰءʮأӵгԽʮҲ±壬ͻơ
һ̣ѩƺҲҶȵľ׳٣ŵòᣬҲͷһӣٲ
ˣͻҪͷҶȣܵԼֻڴֵܼͻƳɹ
𣡡
ǰɢ˻һһǿӡ
ˡ
ײϣΪ֮һ𣬷֮ʱգƺڲ
ǿķĪǾڵӣӦǸƷǱʥδָȫʢ㻹ܳһУ
ɢҧгݣһûлٵӣٴһΣһƣȥ
ˡһʱմأڡ
ӱϵͼ֣Ҳͨڱϣ˹ƺۣɢ˼״һοֲһ
䣡
ԵһͻȻֹӺӺȻըһƬգһ鳯ɢԼϮһƻƬ˫ײѪ졣
ɢˣ㾹ȻٵҺò׵õķˣҪúøһ㣡
ʧ֮УҶһһ߳ȫ仯Ȼǻǵɣȴ¶ɵʥƤҲþӨͨ͸˫ͫǳ䣬Ϣ޷
סҶȣ͸ҶʵȻǵʮأȴһĵ׵вΪСӣһ˱κ˶Ҫǿʢնɱ㣬ˣñʥ
һץʮɵѪڤˣҪҵˣҪûͣҪս㣬ҪԽ㣬Խ㣬Ҳ·ϣ


155 ľͷ
նɱʥÿСӣʥ޵ôʥ磬㻹֪ʥ統ɾʥһףԽһףʮأѵԽʮսʥ
ɢ˲۷״̬ͻ˴ʥ磬ȼɾʵĹ⣬Ҳһɾͷ
ħ磬ﵽʥɾʵȣͻƴʥɾ֮󾳽ȫͬħˣնΪգԾȫͬ
Ҳȥɣɢˣɾʹʥһɣս֤һУֱһչѪڤն
΢࣬
ɢһһƬȼյ𣬴֮۶ȼգԽȷ񣬽Χǧ׿ռ䶼Χһ
Ȼ˴ʱգɾǿߣԸֱ̬ֻȫһֻ
Ķ֣
һ㼡ΪѪɫһͣٴ֮ǰҶȴһץһֻδֱץȼ
ۣ
֮Уȼգ˺췭ظǿԵ
Сǹ̥ϵۺ񣬻Խɣ͸ʥ֮ƺһѹƣ
ɢ˿𣬱һ˼ߴѪɫ£ֲѪ
ƣ
Ķ˺ΧҶʩչѪ壬ֻͻƵʮأһʩչѪ壬ǿҶ
ƿҶȫɳۣһʯͷ棬ѿռǿ˺ѣɢ˿ֲҲһ߽⣬Ѫڤ˸Ŀ⻪ħλ滹ɢڹ⻪²
ԴҶͻƵʮأѪڤ֮ǰӰٱۣѪڤȼ
ķ
ɢüĿ֨֨ĥʱգܵѪڤƻһ֪Էǿᣬڳһʮɾ޴Ŀ𣬳Ҷϯ
䣡
Ѫڤ˲𣬿ռ𵴣漴Ѫڤ̵ķѣѪڤ񴩹Ѹײڶˮϯ֮ƣɢ
ݡѪڤһţֶȻӣâǳĿ貣ҶҪأƱһɹ
ɶ񡭡
ɢ𾪣ƺû뵽Ҷǿᵽ˵زȻڸĴʥʵţʱɢˣ˫һƣγһɳȼ̵ķѪڤȥ
ˡ
Ѫڤ׺ײɢ˫֮ǰնˮ֮˾һƺͣɢŭĿҶȣҶȱסȻҶȵ顢ͫʼһһͣѪ죡
ţʲô죬˲ʮɢʵʾҶȲɣܵϢ仯̿ҶȣֻҶȴʱһѪˣ͸ԵոϢ
սֵزΪòʱ䣬𣬽һҪ㣡
һֲ࣬£һֱڻָʵѩһʥ֮ͷߣƣȻڽڽڻָǿ񣬸׵󣬼Į̬ĵ׷
ѩ͸֣Ŀڿֲµϣһ˿ȵɶԿʥبδаŵҲܣһ챦ȻǴת˱ҵġ
һͻɾұΪԺӣʱθλ桭ɢˣڱصãѩһʥ˱Ʈ첻

֮УҶȻɢֲ£ʱκζֻʣ־Ŀ⣬˭־㣬˭ȡʤ
һ졢ʮ졣
Сӣɣʥ磡
ڣʮˣϢÿҪʧͻȻɢŭ˫ۣͫʼȼգһޱ׵ȻüĳΪһ޵Ĺޣɱƺɢе̼䣬ɢ˱Ƿϡ
ռ
ѹҶڿͷţۿǿֲɢüһ̣ҶȳХһѪڤٴαĿҫһתͺХ˲ɢ˫ǰ÷飬Ѫڤ񣬴ҶѶƺΪѪɫʹſѪɢˡ
ɢͷŵĻޣѪڤĦۻ𻨣৵һ޷ҶȣѪڤɢͷ­
ͣ
ѪڤƺٶҪʤһɢѪڤ֮ǰͷһɴʥеĿֲ̫Ѫڤɢ̼䣬Ѫڤɢͷ­ͣسɢ˺ʮɡ
䣡
Ҷ֪ɢһжֲѪ¯ǰǣǻޣֱӺײҶ֮ϣһʱ䣬â͸Ҷ壬ҶǰһжʱһεѪ˫ۣϢ΢ĺܡ
ɶ񡭡Ҫɱ㣡
ɢͻȻ̤ƶѪڤȻ̴ͷ­ͷ­֮ϣֲɢʹ࣬಻ԣ¶צҶ
㡭ѵҾôʧܣҲҪһͬµϧȫһ㣬һ˿ֻʩչֶΣһϣͷϡҶҡҡ׹ŷʱ׹գû뵽ɢ˿ֲһ־ףһеĻ𰡡
͡
һɢŤѪҶȣһ֮⣬ͻȻһλˣһžԵ־һһ־֮һƫУɢŴ

ɢ˷Ĺ񺿣춯أѩջؽɽ֮ϣȻһεɢѪ
ѩΡ㡢㡭ɢ˱࣬Ȼûֻȫһ㣬ңڼˣ־Ҳ
ûлᣬѾոһ㣬㣬ΪҵĵڶһʥѩĮ˵⣬ĮȻֶ
ѩȻҵС㡭ҶȻ̧ͷ޷һȫʧȥ˸ֻ֪ܵ˵
ѩתҶȣǰһ˿ɫ磬ҶᣬأҲҳ֣𣬶ҲǱСˣҲһףģҲɱ㣬ңһ㣡
ҶһЦʮΣѵ㿴ҿô˵Ļ˭ţ¹ҲŰɣ
ѩ˵㻰շҲһݹͣҲ˵㻰
δշ˭бշ㱾£Ҳ⣬շԺҲһ㣬Ҷ˵㻰ɱˣɣҲȥɱԣҵģգ
ҶͻȻһ䣬ֻѪ֮£ѪԴĺͶɢϿա
ͣ
Ͷͷһΰޱȣǿֱס𣬿ʼɢȡС
СӡԭԭʥĻ֮־ɶСӡɢڲ֪ҶĻжôԭһУҶȼƻ֮Уһɢգۼͱ뺮Ͷ
⡭Ͷţ
ѩҲһҪرɢˣϧٶ̫ϺͶӵɢھϺ׵úܡ
ôӣ󣬻ӮһСҶһһͶ˲仯Ϊһҫʧ֮С
һҶȿ͸ѩ飬ֻ֪˫ѩҶȣŵӣ

ѩͳʣҶȳҡҡͷ⺮ͶӦ֪ôܵõһϡٵǰһϵż֮Уõģѱû뵽ף
˵Ӯˣڿɱ㣬úͶһУԣͷӮңѩͻȻɽͫһ˿ɱ⡣
ǡǰ㶯֣ҡ
ȻҶȸоԼʶŷʧһм⣬֪һ̳ʧ岻ԼֻвԪ񣬿Ը֪һУԪŷڱһߣԪ̫΢ҶȸϣͲܶתޣֻܿŴԪʧ
䡭ҶԵ׹棬һ̳


156 
ˡ
ѩɽָһǡҡҡͷ͸һ˿ʧ˽ܳš꣬Ѽϧôȥ
Ҫҵҵ֮;𣿡
ȫû˸ֻ֪ʣԪζһԪ̫ʱʧһ̣Ҷܸӣܣл·һ
Ҫ˰壬Բ𣬵
ԪҲԽʧȥʶҶȸоԼƮƮģͷԺ︡׵ˡ
ţҵ࣬ԣöָ
ͻȻεԪҪʧʱȻһϤϵߣգ۳࣬Ԫ忴һҶȿԼЩİٶѪߣԿȫˡ
ˡ
ŷһȹϴűƿҶȥȵؿžָϷͷһɹ࣬ʱҶԪоһ˿ָ֮תȻΪһϵļ̨Ǽ̨ϷһȹϵľţǰǰƺһˣţŲ֪࣬
ѵָһĴ䣬Ƿһͨͨ
ҶԪЩɵָѾںϣҶ΢΢侲ţԪԼƣ̨ͷŵ̨ȴſյǰ
һ̣ҶȲſ̨̨ʥͨʯޱȴϵϢȫԽǴ޽߳ǧ򱶡
ˡ죡
ԪţԪڻһͣ£һ˰棬ģϣҶƺ
ˡҿʮ갡
Ҷľ㲻֪֮ʱǻˣͻȻ˶˵˻ԶǸոѡ
ҶһԪֱоˣϢǳǿ󣬱ɢˣǿٱǧһҶʵǰ˭
Ҳ֪ʮ꣬˭ôͻȻǲ֪˭𣿡˵ˡ
ˡҶͷԣôһԼͿˣһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ô졣

Ȼһ𣬰ѻһ೤ҶǰҶȶȻŴͣ˼ǰǰô㣿
ԭλˣǱˣǺ˱壬λʬһģһ
Ŷ
һζ˶һ˿󱳿ڴϣϵϺޱ飬ۣ嫵Ŀ⣬Ҷϣ΢΢һЦԣ㣬Ҳ㣬ö䣬Ǳõл㣬ҡܡڿԴأ
䣿ǰ˵ǾָΪǰڣһеסʱ˿̣ҶһƬɵģ侲
еľָʮǰһɽλϹżõ䣬ɽλ棬ʮżǴżҼǵãСɽöҽõܲɷֵϵһ˽ʱ䣬޷סҵԪʮĽ죬ʹҵ̨֮ǰҲ֮ǰΪǿԪ񣬴УҲ̨֪ͨһʥʱգֻͼڵˣſԽУſͷڼ̨Ԫۣоڣӵ˾ͼڣҶȰɣǵĽߣлл㣬лл㣬Ԫʧһ
ʮǰˣܣһϢ˵ϣȴžϲѣһ˿ο
ԭǰԪǿԴȥ˵ΪҶȴϣܵŵĳ٣ʹ࣬ޱ߿ຣ
ıһҪˣԶĳ䣬ҺˣҵĽߣл㣬һеܣЩ߸֪ͨͨҲֻ֪Լȥ̽ڵһλԣͼڵˣߣֻ߿Խͨ
˵һ䣬ܺȻչգһҫĹԪ񣬻ȼաʧ
ǰǰ
Ҷȼȳźϧ鳾һжδ£žļ̨ʼһƵӰգҶȶߣָԣϧҶȶЩˣӦöһԶӢ飬һҶȵ֮ʣһʼѡ
ȹϴ֮󣬵ʲô
֮Ҷȸо̨װϴǰһţ羵һƽأ˫ʶʱڲһɲɿ˲ҶУƬ̼䣬Ҷֻоذ

ɿݵѪײʿʬ壬Ȼѩأһ̣ҲϣҶȱʬ塣
ž磬ŷֻʣѩһ˻ţĬã֣¶ǾգĿҶʬϣģһʬȥͶҳ
ѩڰջŹâŹâʥʥҶʬ¡
䣡
ʥҶȲһʱȻҶʬΧһŵӰγɾ޴Ҷȱͬʱѩͷŵʥⵯ˻ȥ
Ŷ
ѩʮ𾪣ڿǵɾһˣӵɰ뾳ǿȻӰ֣ĥƺʮ۸Ӱʥ⣬Ӱץȥ
䣡
һΣӰƺ׶ŭˣʥոտһ̣ͷŹʥನѩϮһ㣬ನ壬һɨȫʧ
ɶ񡭡һ˵ãͱɾǿߣҲܲסʲôˣ
ѩ৵ҶһԣɫˢףٶҶȶ֣ĸӰȻüһȻûһ˿
ɶǰ޷κһǿơѩôҲߵĴڣĺ˭֪ȥ׷߸ϣһɣȻһδγԿ
ѩŭ˼ٴסգʮһ޹ϣɣ͸ǿ

ͨϢλͨҪϣ
˿̣ҶһаĹͨٴͨʮꡢꡢǧꡢꡢꡭÿһۣľʱĹϣԶûоͷ
ٿ
УȻһƹâҶۣ˫ƺҲŵأҺҲֻϢԪÿһΣһ֡
ʵⲻҶ룬ڽϴ֮ǰԪֻһ߸ߣڣһأһκ˶ѣȻ߰ߣʵڲ˼飬Ҷȳ֮ҲŴͲš
ֱʥذϢǿ󣬺ùϣ͵ɣԪɳ졭⵽
𾪣ҶȻ̧ͷȻʥƵգûҲûκζҲû̫磬ʮֳ㣬ʥ£һչľġ
񼣣
תҶȺȻһߴɣĴ׹ĻڹĻ룬ѹš񼣡֡
񼣶֣ŷر˶ȥĻ֮Уȥһ׷񼣶֣ȽȽ
˷ĻҶȿڣ񼣹Ļ󷽣һƮ룬浽ʲô˭Ҳ
񼣡񼣣񼣵ʲô
վ񼣹Ļ£ҶһĤݵĳ嶯һ̣ÿһκƺܵԶŵϢϢ֮УƺĹصڶҶȾģȻ֮УƺһͬкԼ
뱡֮Уһо˴𰸣
ҶƬףһ񼣵Ŀռ䣬񼣹Ļ֮£ֻ񼣵ڣ֮У硣
Ҷ䣬棬ʲô
Ҷȱ˫ۣصҶѾɳ߸ߣÿʱỵ̈ԪҶȶڽѱ䡣


157 ̫
ڵƮռ䣬ҶȲУЩ͸һԣϧҶ޷ҲܸоЩԣ»ɣЩԣƽŵİء
Դ͸ĤޣһʧһƽյľգҶվ棬ıϷһƬϻ磬·׵Ԩʱգһ澵棬ƺжء
Ŀ
վھ֮ϣ˹ȥδĸоȡǹ䣬ޣبų棬治ࡣ
ٿٿ
ľ棬ҶΪģȻһݡҰԭҰһгϢ磬ȻչҶǰ
貹ϵҶÿһǧԶ֮УȻһȺȺʱҶŵֱ£ǶһͷͷϹ͵ľβѹص޷ݵľ޴Ǵ޵ʱգ󣬽ѿǣΣһɳΪֲĴʥΪΡ
սɱڻ𣬲ʱ콵һǿ飬аӣڿһ
ǻ֣ŷ
ϹսƮŵҶľսһжãźùһЩҲŷܵڲʳһУণɱ
ţ
һδε仯𣬲ԭΪĮΪ׺Ϊ棬һδβͣݱ䣬Ϲսֻ춯ر䣬ͻȻҶȷ羲ֹгΪһ޾ɫ
ɫˮƺ춯ʱһʱնҶȿźˮǸߣ˲׺ɣͻȻɫϿգ׹һʯʯƿնֱ׹ɫ֮С
һʱ췭ظǧ׸ɫ򺣰һ壬˲䱻ˮɣǿԽ˵Ҳںˮ»Ϊ׹ǡ
ţʯȻΪΣ
գֿԽ£ɫУǿ޴ʯɫ󾫻ɫˮ˴룬ʯ㿪ʼ䣬룬ÿһƬޱȣޱȵԣ֪˶೤£Ҷȸо껹֪ر仯̣ʧ
ʯڰʣССΣͨ徧ӨɫˮʯɫзϹеķ׵綼գܣҶȴҴ¡
ٴξ꣬ڣӭ˾޴ĺƽ٣ɳʯÿһźɳܻսŽһ磬ÿһ׵磬ʯɫ콵٣ɫ˲ɿݣʯڻ֮С
ǲһഫڹʱգأȻ貣׷ʧ֮Уʯѿ߳һ͸Скꡣ
ĳسͣڻӭĵСĴϹŴˣëѪƤݸʲôԣس
֮Ӱ
Сؼգѱһʮ꣬ҶȾ֣̾ΪһѺ
ƤֳַĹǴ̣ٴУȻһɽȣи޴ޱȣеĻΪΣΪʥ
ĵ̣ɴ룬׷ɱƴܣƺɱǿֱȡѪҺ׺˴ʥ׷ɱһ·׷ɱ꼸ˣܡ
ڣ겻ܣĴʥһ˾رԵգһصĹâ˸û˸һΣ˫־ͻӶһΣһδλӶȻ췭ض
ʥ״׷ߣ껹֮У͸һɹɹǺıԴֻǴǿ
ʱѾʮ꣬Ӣüۣݣ֬ͨ͸ԲմһץվȻһѿڣŴɽһɨɽ̻Ϊĩ
ϹŴʥ΢΢գۣͫ⣬һɨǧĴʥ䣬ȴʥ뿪ۣԽ˵ĴڣҲУһһ䡣
Σ߱ϵĴ½ǣûҪģ޵еĴڣڣ껯Ϊһ⣬ʱգĸ߽ʱգȻ˻ĺڰ硣
ڰ磬ûһң½֮УײСߴǧɵľ͹ޣ͸ɹħ
ôҲ߲ڰڰ׷ɱ£ڲܣڰ֮УΪģ˫ֲϵشһ⣬Щ⣬Ȼ̫һ貣˺ڰĴ½ڰʱգľ޴ڰڹȼգΪҽбǿĺڰǿߣҲֲסͨͨȼա
ڰ磬ȡɢʥĹâ˹磬˺ڰ硣
ʥ֮£ԭڰ磬ʼȻգبŲ֪һθʲôʱķԭڰ磬ȻȻ磬ʲôֲ洦ɼ
겻ȥ͸ŵĹᲥ¹âӣڿڽھڰ

ԪҶȳµͨӡ֮Уûһõ磬ڴ߽⣬ʧҶ׹ʱֻص˾֮ϣտʼһУˣǣ֮ϣһλ꣬һλʮӢ꣬һɫۣͻȻգſ죬һԺȻҶȵĶ䣬ͬʱϤӡ
ǡ
ߵĴڣԣҶȶĤ֮УҶȷԼȻԼԣ̿ʼסÿһԣһӡУÿһԣͬƣԼʮӣʧλͻȻȫŻ𣬻Ϊ˻ҽʧĵطһס
׳ɣ沼˸ع֣׳ֺΧ˾ŵףƺبǼƮ
ѵԵǰѾ䡭
ǿ֮УϢӡѹֵľףҶһ˵ѹ֣оԼ֮ĳϢһģһ

ҶҪϸϸʱͻȻʱҶǰҶȵֿҶȣµʱ֮ͨС
Ǽ̨
żѣҶȱâɳţһ϶ԼϹʥʱճˡ
񼣡λǰӵгԽ˵Թڰ磬ǳԽɵֲã񼣣
ԣһжǻ󣬵һʵģΰ񼣣ʵʿһйһе㼣񼣣񼣣
ҶһΪܵõ񼣴У񼣰ʲôɼҪΰ򱶣
̫
޵ļ̨Ҷȸ뿪̨ͻȻ֮־ԣҶԺһγ֣γһϵԣΪ̫
鼶еȼ֣֮ɼҲеȼ֣֮һеȼ֣̫֮ǵͼҲԴ޵ͳ
žԣҶӿ죬գϸžÿһ֣ÿһԣȥ
ޡ̫޵ģѵ񼣵ˣ
ڹžĩһ£˹ϵޣҶȵԺһγλһо
ޣһ併ɫ󣬾صݻ־ؽǴ˵и߹֮ӣңΰĹȻĨɱһкڰֱǶħǡ
״̬Ȱ̫һ
ҶȱĿ񣬶ʱһֵԣʼУ˫ͬǰ㣬һµӡԣҶȷŷҲ˲ɣبŵϢŷŲ׺ɣһͬѱ䡣
֪˶ãҶۣһ˲䣬˫ͫǵĹԪҲ͸Ÿ߸ϵĹϢֱѩʥڱ߸ϣΰֱ࣬ڡ
һ飬ҵϢȫˣԪλͻȫѱΪ̫⣬̫⣬ɹðΰ
ҶȻأԪȻһ׸ߣϢǿ޷ݣǵԪѾԶԪԪ
ڹȥɾˣֻɶѣҶȵԪ񣬱֮־̫ϴѲڷ䡣
ҽ񼣵ڣպһʱ䡭֪磬ҵΣǲǱѩ
룬ҶԪ̻ΪĿą̨̂һ̣ҲʧΪػϷ


158 ѱ
Ԫλһ
һԴԪǿԪΪǧϪˮʼҶںϣţԪ֮ΰ̫⣬ʼϯҶȫ𻵵ࡢѵĹ硢ϸѪҺͬһʱ̫ϴ񣬲ϼӳ֡
ȣ
һдڣʼ̫⣬һ𣬶ϵĽ磬ʼϣӣϸѪҺʼܣ̫⣬һʱ䣬̫ᴩ£ÿһϸ̫ռݡ
ѪҺʱΪ˹ɫһ̣ȻѪɫɫɫˮһء
Ѫɫܸıɫ壬ֻеĴ˵û뵽Ҷȵɾ磬Ȼ˼鷢
ɫѪҺȫʣ͸ϸ̫⣬Ҷȵѱ䣬ĺɫʣ⣬ҶȵĶ֮УȻ̾һ𣬷죬һ̣̫׹붴֮У죬˹ĹȣһգĿ財
ͬʱҲ̫⣬ǵѪ¯Ҳ̫ϴ񣬽ѱΪʥĹȡ
ţ
̫ȫȡ˶챾ԴͻȻ٣ҶȶһһСĹڶ֮ᣬſ죬㼯һγһŶĿĹ顣
ҵĵ̥ڵʮᣬǧΣһ̲ɹãұܽɾ
⻪ҶȾۿ̫ԶУâֹͣڹΧǵ̥ڳΣһſ͸һС̫Ĺ顣
桭ΣԲһ̣Ϊͻɾ׼ҵɾܶԿɰ˾أ̫⣬ѱ䣬ܶԿʮأһͻɾɾΡ
һ̣Ԫ̫£ҪλɹҲѾûд󰭣޵õ̥ȫΪ̫⣬ѪҲΪɫҶȸоԼ״̬δй
ţ
磬һѩһȻ˫ͫһǣҶȥҶӰʧҶȵϢڲɫһ䣺ϣȻָӦʱ̣Ҫ㽻𣡡
һ֮ø֮ȡǿҵʺңѩ˫ͫڱصõġ

˯һҶȣ΢΢һߣָ˶Ƥգգ۾һâͫٿȻվ
ݡ
һ̣һĽ⣬ҶȲϣѩֳǱɫɽĮȻѹҶȲӣȵû뵽󣡡
Ĵȴû뵽Ҳͦ󣡡
ҶȹһЦת޵Ŀѩӣлú˵ҲǵˣҲɲ˵ˣ
ѩȷʵǵˣǳΪˣȰ𽻸ңɽ齣
ڱص֮ΪҸԸðˣװ׸㣬ҪߣѡɱңҶһ¿ˮ̵ӣҲ֪ΪΣҶȾԼˣѩһۣͱˡ
㡭
ѩЩţָһѹҶȾ͸оǿҵĽ͸ѩ˲䣬ŭȵ翪ʼ˵ǰ㣬һЩ
ã۸Ůװȡȡ٣ҾԹԣȫһЩɣ
Ҷȴ˿̵ӣһץͶ̳ǰ棬ɢ֮ɶСӣʥҪǧУ
ɢˣֵزǴʥΣһ£㣬ɾҵĵһҶȰԵһȣһ࣬ѩÿ
ѩͶǰ㿴ڣһʢ֨֨ȼգ͸޾а˫֣ͷһǿʼȡɢ
ɶѩɶ񣡡ɢŤгΣۿѩȡɱ
ţ
ѩոȡһһųڴʱһ֮͸аϢȻų
ԭҪڣֲһɿµаǿʢƳǹɺаһסԪ޷˭а񣡡ѩ״̬УҶȿһаʼԿ
ɢƺҲߣЦֲͣãֲãѩǰ˭Ȼ캮䣬˵ã
㡭ѩ΢΢һɳԽɵǿʢȻӿ⣬䣬ǿޱȣһɾͷ
Сӣ֪ˣʥ֮壬ڷУûǿʥ֮壬Ҫùˣʥ֮壬ߴڵǿߣҪ˫޵ļƷֲãᱻ캮Ҫ˶ʥ֮壡ɢڱڣЦѩǿȻ޷ա
ѩǿɢˣϧǹ캮һѩģѩͷűԴڷʥ֮ҵ££
û캮ȷʵңǣܣ㱻䣡ɢɫһ䣬ںѩ
ȿȡѩ̲סһһȣָŪƮߣҧأʮܣŮܳԽѹ޵ϣ԰ɫһεδĺ顣
ɢˣ㶼ֵزţΪûε㣿
ͻȻҶǰĮȻһЦƺһж֮С
ССͣļ֮ǱƣʵôץʥⱦԷӡңʵʥʥǱ΢Ĵڣɢ˷Ц
ҶûһѩǰżЩĲ̣˸£ͦӣȥֻ˷Ѿѣ
㵣ġ֪Ҷһ⣬ѩһأҪأɢ˶Գֲ
Ҷ˦˦֣£ѩ뷨Ҳһ㲻֪ͳֽҪЮɼģҶȴֿȥ͸ޱȵа캮ҶͻȻְѩ֮ϡ
Ҫʲôѩһʱ䣬ϵ⣬ŭҶȣҪҶͬھ
ҶûзǷ֮룬ʵڿȥȥҶò뿪ħλط㲻һ𶯣һϹŵ⣬Ծһа캮Ӧòڻ£
ҶȲҡҡͷһ⣬һ߿Ǹһ̫⣬ͨ˫ִѩ֮С
ţ
ѩǹаȻ̫ܵ⣬˲ʧ⣬ѩһϲջתʮա
Сӣῴ˰ɣɢңڱڷǳ⣬Ҷ˵Ц
£һʱ䣬񹦴ɣ㣡һָһͶ㻯Ϊâ֮С
ѩҪȫ̫⣬캮ҪһʱգûҲú̫һ뿪ħλ棬ϲռ䣬ӣߣⲻһѪս
ҶȻɶʱգȶʱǿʢԪԸ֪ԲκһһޱȣȷûΣգʼ̫
̫Ծһа񡢺ڰ̫⡣
Ǻǣڣȫ̫⣬׶ΣҪ޵˰ˮ׼Ҫܳһʱ䣡
Ѫ¯ӴˣͽΪ̫¯Ϊ޹ȡѪڤΪʥǹ
ҶȰԼͨһһգ̫ͨ⣬ȫˮ׼
һһѱ䣡
Ҷȿʼ̫ͨıѪ¯һӡѪͭڣɫѪ¯ʣ̫£ȫı䣬Ѫ¯͸ѪȣǻΪʥ׵ʥ֮¯̫¯
̫¯ѱɹдǧͼͼ龹Ȼ̫£ȫңȫ̫֮£ǧͼɽһ챦߸ϣ̫£׳Ƴ
̫¯Ϊĵ򣬿ʼΰľڣͭɫ͸Ű߰߹âӡҲҶȲϼӳ£̫⡣
Ѫڤ񣡡
һʮɵѪڤУҶȽǿλΪģҶȿʼ°·ᣬ̫ǰԿǧٱҶһжѼ졣
ԼʮһһɡŵĹȫûѪɫѪڤУһ𣬲Ѫڤ񣬶ǹʥǹչĹ֮ʹʥǹ͸ſԾаڰ޼᲻ݵܡ


159 һ
ʥǹڲÿһӡʼѱ䣬̫ÿһطӡԭѪڤ֮ǧأһٱʮѣһĵöգʥǹͱü򵥡
һɳĹʥǹ͸Źʥ̫šΰâҶȷһĨһƹâĿҫۣѪڤʥǹа񣬵ɷâԵƺаһѹ
̫¯
˫һϣ֮еͭɫ̫¯ʼתԪһ̫¯Ȼߴʮɣͭ͸ʥߣԣ̫¯Ҫȹǹѣ̫¯˸ֹ򣬻дǧͼͼ顢㾧ϼʮʬ壬ȻЩѣ̫⻷£Ǵǧͼͼ鶼ڲ
ҵ֮ԭҵ£ĵӣض
ҶԶŴҶȳ˾ηĴڣ˭ҾηҶ޵һУҶóϷס
ѱΪѣҪ̫̫¯ʮһֵЩۣɷ򣬾һˣ˿꽣õ̫ӳ֣ʮɰءǿߣҲ޷򣬲ʮأҲܣһ£ҪУܵ尾
ѩ˵ɾһˣһսսʤҵ̫ǿʢ
̫Ѫ˵þͲˣϧϹҶȹһδΣ
ȫ̫ϴ񣬲ѪҲڣͲ湦ɵɾѪҶ޵ó͵ǳ˰ٱȻգòϣߵ죬Ҫ̲Ѫ壬Ҷ̾Ϣһ̰ѲѪһһӡԺٴҶңΪҶҶŹ
޵õ̥Ҷ̫̥ΪԲȦաȻԪתΪ̫Ϊ̫֮̾أ̫ȲѪҪǧٶ²٣Ҳǰǰǿ
ǣ̫ȴһǧܣһ̫˼ȡҶѾվһһظ߶ȣɾҲԶԶԽ
žɭħλ棬ҶȡѩʮɣԾޣѩϢ֮УȻ¶̫⻷̫ʴڿ캮
ʲôʥҪǿٱңʥ֮ȻԽҵʥ֮ѵĳһ˴ת
ˣҲӵ¡ʥĪ캮Ҫ֪ºˣǿǡ
ѩץһ̫ʳ΢캮ѩⲻƳһԶ漴ۼС
Ϊ̫ٶȷǳȴû뵽̥̫¯̫̫ˬˣٶȾͲڲѪ壡
ͨʮҶѾȫ̫ںϣ̫¯졢γһ㣬̫ĵ֮Զȫκһ֣ǵһɣһ壬ľҶ
Īģ̫¯ǿҲԶ޷ȡ
̫ѾҪ۷壬ᡭɢˣĩյˣ
ҶȺȻۣƯգˣһ̫֮Уɢһɾʥ⻷

Ͷ˲ҶǰʱǿʢŵڲഫСӣűʥȥһ죬ȱʥ޵֮Ҫʰ㣡
ɢˣ㻹ڰΣĺͶȡ㣬ȻҲ㣬ͨɣʮ㣬ҲӽԺͳΪҵĵһôһλ޵ôʥǿߣΪҵķ£˭ҵĶ֣
˵֮䣬Ҷÿһ֣Զˣ֣ͣڱϿգһ⿪ʼ١
⡢⡢ǰǹʥ㡢һ鷲ˣôӵ˸߸ϵʥһ̣̫âҫͶڲͶ𶯣ɢ˸о˻
㵹ЩʶǺڰĿǣһаħǰҪɢҵĹҫ𣬴ӴԺ㲻ʲôа֮ҾľҵĵһҾ㣬ȴң̫⣬
ৣ
Ҷָ֮Уһ̫⣬̫⣬̫ɵҶĿǰҲֻӵһǰ㣬һǰ㣬Ծɢˡ
ɶ񰡡ɢˣݺἸ꣬ȴҪһϣɶ񰡣Ҫ㡭ɢŵ𽥱Ϊ־壬˻ߣΪˮʧ
ɢ˻Ϊ𣬺ʵ˵ʵ𣬱رа񣬶׹䵽ħλ֮󣬱ԴħλаʴħűΪɢˡ
̫һ㾻аħ̫֮£ʼȼգһ棬ڻ֮УаħڶԿ̫⣬̫⣬ǿ֮УΰĴڣΰħҲҪοһʥ
˵һʥһ磬һǳҪ̫⾻ҶԼĳңҶֻ޴굽겿񼣣֪Ժޣжôǿ
ͣ
аħ֮𣬲а񣬻ģȻһĸ߼ϢϢȻа񣬶һֳͷϢҶȾã־ƺרһֳͷϢ𣬳Բĳ߼ʱǿĴڣֲ֪ΪΣ׹ͼλ档
ɢа־ֻ̫ʣһǣԪ룬ᣡ
ʱһԱ˶ǿǣʱҴҶԪһǿͨʮ֮һԪ񣬲߸ߵԪ־Ҷȵ־Ҷȵļ仺Ʈ뱦֮ڣʼӴ
̫⣬ȫϴ񣬶ҶԪҲһӵ̫ܣܼԦ֮ϣԪ֮Уûյһų⣬෴ڻӭԪ
Ԫλ
̫ӿ֮УͷűԣʼȼգһǿԪ־ܣԪʼɢܣʵҶȴһץʼı̬ΣȻҶһģһĳ෢Ҷȣɫۣ䲻
ˣ
һɳͶ֮󣬳Ҷȱ΢΢ʩǱܣκɡķҪԱԶܱѣ־Ԫףܱѣ
һԪ̫С־Ҳ̽뺮ͶԪɣȫ֮
ǣˣ
һش̻Ϊһ棬ͷǿ뺮Ͷ֮ڣͶһһѾܵ־塣
û뵽һⱻħλ棬һָ֪ܣ޵̫⣬̫⣬ҵԪ񲻿ǿҲһֻѣ
ӽԺκˣҲҵܣңһܣҪ𡭡ţʲô׼ҡؼҡƼҡҡңǵţţһһ
Ҷϣ¶Ϣ̫⣬ΪصĴڣҶӵܡ
һ
ɾ˵һһһʥʥɾȣɢǴʥһףɾһףһɾҶƾ˵һԻţ᰷ڷͣҲ˲Ĩɱ
񣬾ɾͷҶ˵ٸ߸ϣԱʵҶȾĶԿһףϵһնɱһף׾١
ҶҪȥ֮󣬿Ҫȥȿߣһָ͵ҶһŲƣ¿ӵʵҲԾնɱ
ߴˣնɱ׽ˣ׷ɱҶȣҶȳɾ֮ܣսܣҶȵɫѪҺڷڣնɱĨɱһ־
ˣ
ͶڣһյҶǿʢ̫ʱı̬ΪһŻ棬ȼգʼ̫Ԫ񲻶ԪյΪ̫Ұ͡
һδָɾˮ׼ԪҲ̫Сٶȣ£һͻָȫʢʱڣ˵һףɶףҲ˿ѷ
Ҷĵ뵽ӿٶȣһͬʱԪȡԪ־ԪԪ񣬽Ž壬ʼѱΪ̫γޱߺ嫵


160 ݺ㾧
ħλգղգķǿʢаħ֮ŸԹ飬ɭɭ
һ޹֮ϣѩһѩ׵磬ڿ죬񣬾ҲҪ˱ᡣ
һˣվڿУӣƮҡԼˣ㣬ǹ¼ŵݣ˫ضݣοӡ

ͻȻʱմͳѩת͸ĮʱҶȴ£Ϊһ׹ѩߣֻǺȻһ䣺ӣǷҪ𣿡
ǷģѩƺҶȻ˼ƳһҶȣ罣һ֮
Ҷϰȴ͸ݺζգǹаϯ˵ʵڵģӣôܳȥȻа취뿪
ѩգ̫߹ˣ
Ҹ߹ӣʵɾµһˣӵһӣжΪģο׿Խܣݵʯȹ£Ҷ̩Ȼĵ֪ΪΣգȴʧָܰоҶ̤·δйĸо
ѩȻתһɺҶȣǰ죬ңñȥ뿪֮Ǹ߸·
ҶȹǣмһЦ˵Ůˣ߹ĴڣŮˣһ𣬶𣿡
ⲻ£Ƿϣʹ뿪˵أҵ£ɣѩ˵꣬ջһߣţһСľӨƬС
㾧񣡡Ҷһ۾ϳ龧ӨƬ
ѩҶȣһ⣺㾧Ƭݴ½㾧һ֣
ҶһüͷϸһȻʮìܣʵݴ½ݲλ𣿡
ĺλ棬λԾӣһЩԼˣݲλ棬㲻ϣһԶŴ½ѣЩϹʿΪݴ½λ洫󵼺ˣֻɾǿ߲֪࣬ݴ½һ޴ĺ㾧񣬵һδ½ʱ飬ΪƬֻԵõһ飡ѩ౴ȻЦ
ҶأһۿѩǷݺ㾧Ѿںϣ޵ֲɾһˣԭʥ֮㾧㣬ȡ½ԴһռƬµʱɾһˣ
ʲôҲ㣡һ̣ѩȻί˵
Ǻǣº㾧Ƭ֮࣬ݴ½ҲӵƬֻ޷ں϶ѣӣôװװѺ㾧ǰͲҰ̰ôҶȺȻɿЦЦ
֪ʵﵽǳֲزţǲᣡѩ˵һ䣬ͱտڲԡ
Ҷҡҡͷ㵽ɣӣòǻһ壬ټ챦ǵ־˶ᶯ㶯ģοһ鷲ˣ
Ȼʧɢأ
һ޷³ʱͻȻѪΧһɹаǿ
ҶĮȻһɨаߣ
ǿߣħλаǿߣɾͷҲУаħͶаħͷǶǳԿѩɫһ䣬ƺܵɵǿ
ϧʱ߲ˣҶǰһѩΧʮǿϢ
ѪȻʧʣʿһǿĺܣһȴСǣ˭Ѫɢأ
ʮУһͷţװߣɭɭıʵ֮УȻðɫϢ
ҶȺȻַһץģѪԴѪѪѪıԴأʶɣ
ţߣһ˲䣬Ѫһ𾪣Ѫɶ񣬲ܣôɱɢˣ
ʲôܵģɢѾƳɵһȥħλߣҶȣһɣʮ꣬һħλ棬ȡλ澫ħҸ׳ƳҲƳɷ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ쳤Хգزǿаߣһһ̱ڵأһɾءʮصǿȻҶһ仰ʧȥս
Ѿǿ𣿡
ҶѩһǰҶȲһֻܿɾصһչȻ
Ҷȣ㡢㵽ʲôţߣ˼޾ؿҶȣߣһϢ

һʥ֮ѩ֮бγһУҶȲ֮У˻Ϊһ⻪ʱ
ɾǿ߶ͻƵλ˾ȻҶȣһҪߴˣ
ţ߾þҲ޷ۿ䣬ſһ
ݡ
ħ߹ϲʱգͻȻһ籩һУʿͻȻӷ籩Եһʥ⣬
ϢϤǶϲʱգ뿪ǹطӣ㻹ǰϺãȻܶ鷳
УҶɫۣѩһѩɫʥİɫ磬ãһ¡
ѩݺݵһۣóɫ˿ϣֿ·ӦǶϲʱձԵռ½
ţΪҸо˲ϤϢҶһʱ䣬ǸӦʿϢȻںԶʱգִ԰ټƵʿУȻżɰǿߣϤĹܼ
һеѩȥŮƮ죬ȫգ˫һ֪ʣѩҶЩɫ춯ʵôˣ
ҶȻһЦûʲôֻвٹ׷ҶѣӣҵһλѱݳסӦöȡ־Ϊūͬ·ǰұҪλߣɰ뾳Ϊ˱֮䣬Ϊ󣡡
ʵɱκߣ׾٣ѩҶʵҲղ٣֪ʡ
ʵλǰŮԣ־ֶӦʮָ֪ʶ㣬٣ص㣬ϣСһΣҶʮϿѩ˵
ã飬ԺǸǷѩͷӦȻԴϬֺ
лӣ
Ҷһͷһѩԭʧ
аʱУȻƯһǳʹű״ոλʿء

űǰҶѩճ֣ûһ粨ǿʿȻһʱûз֣ɨʱŷˣʿһҶȣʲôһͷ֪ͨڲ֡
Щʿһأǰһ׷ɱЩʿûнħλ棬ʿ׷ɱĳڻ£Ž꣬ǰһȺ϶ѡ
ٿٿٿ
ǿϢӹűڷɳͷߣǿ߹ܼˣΪһɫߣΪɰأһΪɾء
ҶȡȻ㣬û뵽꣬㾹ȻԼѰ
ܼ𣬵һ۾ϳҶȣڿݳǣѪڤ񿹺һҶȣ춼ڿ˼ҶȣΪľǶܣܼЦȻĿѩϣԷΪأһЦҶȣĪ㣬ܶԿϷ򣿡
ಣ
ʱʮ鿭Ӵķʱոϵһٶˣһʱ䣬ͰҶȡѩΧ
ͷΪ㣬ѱ߾нϧһҲҪһߣ
ҶͻȻðԵһʮĹܼͻȻ˲ƣҶȡ
㡭һ֮
ܼ֮ǿһ̣ȫһöûУæĴǿ
䡭
Ĵǿߣոտܼ𣬾ͱ֮ɣɰǿߣλΪߵɾأһϢš
ž
ܼͷգǿժȡѪֱ䣬ͬʱһɲ˼Ļ棬ϯ֨֨㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
Ӱ
һٶʿܼͣҶ˲նɱһ־ܣǴ˵еֶΣЩֻķݣһʱ䣬롢ɢȿֺ󳯰˷ȥ
λΣ
һγԲȦϣ˲˻ˣӣͳͳΪ˻ҽһٶʿһ䣬ȫɱ

һץűͱҶȡ壬ָһɫ˿סλһϢľǿߣҶľ˵һ仰ȥҿߣ


161 
ħ߹ڣÿһ¹ǣݳǣһԶݿĳǳأ̾ʿһλλͳ죬ŻɾǿŴŴ޷ơ
ݳǲҹ磬¹ϸ⣬һʯеıʯⱦ
ʦܣǲŽɾʱʦǧ̣ǧȥħ߹ǻʦĻɣ㿴·ʿʿ
ʲôɣʦ㣬㿴ǲһǵɾ㿴
Сӣƭʦ㣬ҴҾͿƫƫͲеɾħ߹
ħ߹ڣǵɫâ֮У׼УһȺʿɵͽΪԥһһŮȶ
һָ˳ϿտȥӰɳɫĻ滹һλˣǱǰλƿߣһϸϸɫ˿λӣȻһɾ
Ȼ׽ɾǿߣ
ŮӹɾӣǣǵɾӣȻƷһλ೬ǿߣǿϲġ
ǿ
¹գٵʿҲһĻǱɾزǿϢĿ⣬һɾʿסÿŴͲ˼飬ɧǿ߿ʼ
ɧ˲䴫һ˴һˣԶݳǵʿҲɳգ֣Խ࣬ɽ˺
ȻǴţһǿ߰Ȼһסȥ˭Ű
ǿݳǷȥѵλɾǿߣĪǿݳλ߲£ֻǡ
࿧ݳֻǧԶգΧƼʿ׷׳֣֣ǧһǲӣץסߣҡ£ڣȻǵɾƲӣⲻҡ̫ҡ
ǽȥݳˣߣһкϷ
Ŀ֮£ɾŲӣʿƵ뿧ݳǣʿβ롣
ʿ׼ϿշУ־
˸ոշ뿧ݳǣͻȻʮλѲߵǿߣݺݼ׶صסȥ·
ϡϴ󡭡Ʋԣ
ʮʿȻǿߵʿʵϣͷһλˣҪ֮ʱһλǿǰһһָʾ⿴󷽡
ŵĺܣָһʱľͷֱԵɫΨΨŵŵһӣֱӸõ
ǻЩͷԣվƹһΣҶ飬һۣŲǿ߳ڲշȥ
ϡϴ˺ǿᣬȻǵɾƣҸоһղŲ͡
֮ѣˢףһ£˫ֱԷܰѲǿסһɱ߶
˺ǿͣȻƷ˵ܼңټħ߹׽һλɾʿĪǾ
ʿϳλɾǿߣ͵ذѿж˵˲ײݣͨߣʵڲд·Ĵ¡
ǡǱǿߵ
УɾزǿߣָǰݱϵĳǱ˵
ע㣬ߵȷɰ뾳Ϣǳǿʵһף
ʱѩȻ⣬Ҷѵ
ɾΣѣˣҲҪɱɱˣһҪɱ
ҶȵĮȻӳǱΧǧ񣬻֣һɹĻ棬ʼӿϿս䣬ʿ˲䱻ɱҶһ춯صĺߣ
ߣ
˸֣ȻݳϿյĳ˯ߣǿߣʿԼеʿһеˣѪ
һУ
ӿָһѹĻǳ׹䣬֨֨֨ӴԻ͵Ŀʢ£һ߽⣬ʿǿߡ;ַɳ̱סΪˣӣͻΪ˻ҽһʱ䣬񺿣Ұһػǵɰǿߣ޷ӿ档
˭˭ڱҰսҫ
ʱ򣬴ӿҪʧĿһۺҶ󣬷һץлʧɲҲһͬա
ৣ
ͬһʱ䣬˷ճһλλǿߣЩˣ߸ϣеĸ˯ѣеıۣװ죬ꡢҲ꣬ȻҲߣе˲вŮһӽʮˣͬǣЩ˾綼ʮأмλȻɰ뾳͸ɵ䡣
˭
ʱһλɫƤʮŭֱð꣬켸ʮλɾǿߣ֮зɳмˣȴҸǰ
ɫܵɰ뾳ǿϢ޾ɫ̬ߣĴ׷ɱңӦ֪˭
Ŷ
аĿߣüа˫ͫȻһĨЦݣŶ㣬Ȼ
Ҷ֣˽
߹˼ȻЦЦˣĪ˵صŮӣֻϧˣڲǰҷ־Ѿ
ʲô
Ҷһɱȫڣûʧȥ侲ߣҵ汻ɱҾ죬ѻ꣡
˫һϣһԪѿǣǿǰܷԪϣԪϿգʼϸϸѰң䣬Ԫ̹λҶҰ
һôˣվͺúϷЩӣֶΣСӣҪͷԶڿݳǳ֮ϣһɫۣ˶ƣ׼Ҫˡ
ѩȻоҶϢʮңңδоҶȵϢ˵ı䣺ôˣ
ҶȻ̧ͷĵˣǰô䣬ҵĴҵĴһúõˣôôûˣ
ѩҶȱȾϬ࣬һǿҶȣǰȻֳһ棬˲䶯ݣܸϧǾ̫СǴﵽ߽ɾӵǵͨΪһ£ѩޣ
վǰ𣿡
¶ţҶ̧ͷ˫񣬻ҰĮѩδйˣΪҶǰΪҵĹʧȴȣҲУǿຣ
Ҷ͵ҡҡͷ˲䣬ָǿƣߣյߣߣҪͷԶڿݳǳϣԴ˼ҵѡ
ԲѣСӣԼܣҶ֪һУǱģ
߻Ҷȣɱʿɱ㣬㣬
˵֮䣬߿һֱֲҶȣһ˸оǿҺ⡣

һץҶȱλɾգۣǿ߾ڽ֮£ǽҶȷΧʱգ飬һ̺˿ռ䷨֮
Ķ֣
һƻһֻŹ־ʥֱ֣֮Ӵշɳһץ˲ѡ߽⣬ʥ֣֮ǿԵسڵպɨȥ
ÿֲֶΣ
ߣһʥ֣֮ɻףһɣԶԶԽ
ߣ·򣡡
û뵽ԼһԷ׻⣬о־壬˱ɱ䣬ͻȻһֲķưΣʱնγʱǿķ塣
䣡
ʥ֮ǿײڰ·ϣ໥ײʥ֣̫֮ǿ󣬱ҲпֲѰ·ڵĿߣòϺˣʮɲͣ£ʥ֮Ҳʧ


162 Э
˼顭һɣȻ뿭߲£ʵߣҲǰģ
ˣҪ죬ݶҪ죬ôˣŵɾܶԿɴԲɰ뾳ͷ
Ҳ֪ɵӣԣ÷ⷬս¼óȥˣ˵ܴ׬һʣ
ݳķΧʿÿ۾ųһĻʵģóηаѷһУм¼
Ȼǵɣ̫ǿᣬŵɾ죬λǶߣӲܣ
ϲ̫༱˼ҿδֺαûȤƽŵĺܣԳԿڣδһ£
ʮλߣգΪߣڿݳǸ߸ϣ˴֮˵ϵʱȴûκζ
ɶ񡭡
ݳǴߵͳŭĳХӰ·߳ݺ趯ʮָָ⣬һ߳ɫָףȫƤҲһɫëоȻһ߶೤Ѫɫ
ǿˡ
ڿѱһ̣ʿ𾪼У˶о֣̿һ־ڲɢ
û뵽ô¶ԷʵҲʮضѣ˲ˣ
ס죡
֮Уһλ겻мϼ䣬ͻȻһλߵںȳ⣬úܱȴҵߣλߣ֮Уʵǿһλλܸߣɫأһÿ۾ǺúÿղһѾʩչ򣬵Էһɣʵǿףȫڿ֮ϣʵףλʿʵϷҲ͸ǻû߲𣿡
⡭
ôһ˵ߣһϸϸȥعˣһɫˢףſ͸¡
֪ˣ̣ưԣ
ҶȻһһ˿꽣춼ǣͷϹŵǿ󣬽죬̫ѹа־ıĿֲϯȥ
𣡡
ͻȻ壬ŭ𣬾һͷǣҹ£໳ХоȻһ޴ɫڵһ
䡭
͵Ĺ˿꽣֮УԾǿý˿꽣ҷ䣬ȻŹըΪС
ԴǿҶȳ΢΢һһν֣ȫ͸ʵɰ뾳ղǵԴʮʮǿߣҲֲס
ݣ
һλǿ߹˫ֶջȻնƣһγɰ͸ƽĻҶϯȻȥ춼ɫ˸â
޷ƣ
һʮɳĹʥǹڳҶϣҶһץסʥǹǿֲУҶȴ߶ǹһӵоӨĹҫҶȷգһ貹âա
䣡
ʥǹֱӴɵĻϣ˲ƣɢ߽⣬̳һ󶴣ҶŹʥǹһʱգգۼ䣬ʥǹ뿭߲ʮɣѹʥǹٶȣ˲Դ̴Էͷ­
ǿͨˡ
֮УλߣȻоʲôƺ֪ǹʥǹжôǿᣬϧٶȣܸϵ

һɵɫڣͻأس֣γһڷڿǰ˫ͫǿ־壬ŭ˫ۣѪ˿
žžž
մѵʥǹһ˾ڷʥǹԣҲСҶͷ󺹣չʥǹһǰ

һ̾ھôݻ٣߳ױһ֮䣬Źʥǹ־Ҫ

ŤεĿ£ǹһ߾ʹŵòĿͷ­ǣһ˲䣬һͶӰͶӰȻһֻ֣ץסʥǹɾһ̣־ͶӰر𿪣ʥǹҲȻʧҶҲɳԶð麹
Ⱦң
߲ǰһĻת־ͶӰ¿ͷʧȥ߸߸ϡ
Ǹ
ߣ־ӰΰӰһλ̷꣬ŹƤֿװΣƺϹŴڡ
еڳ֮һ֪һλû뵽ݳǵĳɾͷ
ǰһ־ͶӰǿ󣬲ƺ£ͶӰҲռϷ磬ǿǿߣ
ʿޱȹ־ͶӰ壬ÿһĻ־ͶӰκβҶȡ
־ͶӰûߣ˫͸⣬Ҷȣ߸ϵ㡢ݴ½ĸɵӣ𼸺ʶÿһλ𣬴£˵ԿڴϣĹ㣡
Ҷ˿ԷӣЦңûκɣҲûκδɽ
ˣҪ̫֣úҹҲ࣬Ĩɱ㣬ݣֵָҪϴǰ̣ͶӰһ߸ϣҶе
ڳͶӰǿʢ£Ҷȼһһ˿ÿ˵ʼŤΣսϰŵЩ߶ڲֳֻѩһûκζͫ¶һĿ⣬һֱҶϡ
Ҷ̧ͷָӰ죬˭Ҳ޷סҵˣҲɱ֮ˣ˭ңҾͼӱߣɱѣһҪնɱգ˭ңҾ˭ǳɣҪңҲնɱ־ͶӰݳң֮ҪݻٿݳǣȻгһһնɱ
ÿĿ֮̾еĳͶӰʼŭеʿʼƺҪֹͣ
ҶͻȻתʿ棬֣Ҷ췢ģ˵һ仰պһûʵ֣Ҿ
ͶӰ̾ãȻˣԳ֣ϧϧһ˲ӣݴ½Сĺܣϧˣ
ȻѡңʹݳΪУˣѾǵˣһ𰡣
Ҷȶһ֣һʼɳգûΪ壬ʼڿݳϿȼգһ棬ݳÿȥ
Ӱ
ǿݳʿʿһջ棬͸о־ˣǻ֮͸ޱȵĻյ־
⣬ǵ棬Ȼﵽ˴ʥҲһװ
ʮλߣҲסˣһ̣˴ϣȿݳǣһλһ׵ǿ֣߳Իݳǡ
𡭡㾹Ȼȡ츳ҵıڸϻһҶҪȡͶӰȼյĻ棬¶̰Ŀ⡣
Ҳһɣ
ҶȻɵĹʥǹеĹâһ̫ݳǣϢڱʥǹա
ʲôͶӰȻ˿־壬Լ־Ȼڱʥǹ־ո
ɻʲôˣңңֻᱻĨɱҶȻʥǹɫ԰ףеӳڹʥǹ֮ϣ˫۱âͶӰһԾȥ
ͲţһССɣսܣ־ޱߣͨ콵
ͶӰ֣ݳǶһ̶ᣬеķ򣬶ͶӰƿأΨһܶģǹʥǹһգա
͡䣡
ͶӰݳǷҪʥǹǸ޷赲ʥǹعȵ̫ɢܣɢκη־Źʥǹ޷ƴгӰ
ǲ
ӰȻʼѣһ߽⣬Ťϣ޾ŭɶ㣬Ӵˣݴ½κν䣬ǳҪ׷ɱĺǡ
ɣ
Ҷһߣһ⻪壬һӵһ׵ǿͶӰôϣӦԶŵ
ˡݳǳˣ
Щߣֿסһ棬ʿʿУּҲҶϣǾˣ׾
ͣ
ҪҶߣǣһɫ⣬͸ͷ­ʬ壬Ҳȡ֮С
ߣλûЦãҪϻߣ
ѩͻȻɫñ䣬ʩչһʥסɱѪ˫۵Ҷȣ˲仯Ϊʧ֮Уݳǻ棬Ҳһɢȥǣһ̾ǧƵʿ
ݳǣһǣԹεѰתʧԹɭɭ


163 ̩λ
½ϷһƬããԭϷľͷ޺򣬱ݣݴ½
Ƭԭƺγ꣬ͻȻγɣٱɽ滹дʯȸֱȻɣ֮ϯأӶдűӣѱɽ֨֨죬ǽ塣
ɽ֮Уһɽ嶥ƽ̹壬ڷ嶥룬һĺʯ˸⣬ţһȦʥ󷨣ʮӺһгϷҶѩл¡

ԭһ˺ѷεĺХ
ҲǿҪøǿҶѩ磬΢΢ţ˫ͫŭ
ˣôȥҶĸʡ
ѩȡ¶ԭϢһ㼰ʱ뿪ҪϵҿҪ뿪ͲˣǼԭڱϴ½
ԭ
죬ҶŻָʱ䣬жǱᣬʱռϡ
ѩϢһᣬȻҶȣѿʬҿ
ٿ
־߶֮Уʬ建֡
ѩָһһʥ뿭ʬ֮Уַ̺ҶȲգ۾Ȼӿ֮Уһ˿ƺڵ͵ͳ޲ݡ
ѩƿʹ󣬿ҶȣȡжͨȻвδƲȫ꣬㿴
ţ
ǿ־ֲ꣬УȻںڰ֮У˯ţȻڳ˯һԹԼڿߡ
Ȱӡͻɸ߽ףǴﵽ˾磬ſôԽʱգ취ٻʧڲ׺꣬ȻֶΣɸ߽ǿҲѩһ˿οͫ͸ŵƣŷ꣬ġ
һ㣬ҲҶȿʩչͨ˲꣬ӡ̫¯֮Уӡһ޵߾취ȡ꣬ٻ
ŪһУҶϢڻָҲ̹ȻѩպˮҶȿڵǷģԺʲô£ֻܻұǣ
ҿˣްɣѲúƬռԪʮֳ㣡ѩĮȻָһһɹѩΪһӨ
ûʱ䡭һҪҵĲϣˣд䣬ٸɱ⣬Ӧвϣ÷úһ飡
΢΢߶ţһ˲ֻҶȰѴ޽佻һ̿ʼ֮Уץö䣬ɫɫȫƷӴɳյĿ챦ʼһһ
λͶӰ־̫ǿᣬҺҵԪ־֮еõԣزȻ类ͶĨɱǵͶӰһףͶӰֻӵ־޷籾ӵɷ򣬻ȵͨͶӰʮ֮һҪҿ϶Ƕ֣
ɱͶӰ̫̫ʱ䣬ȡһͻɾ֪ͻɾҵʵܴﵽһز
֮ϣҶȾƯգϡѻһƬƬѩһץʬҶǰɰ뾳֪жǿ󣬲ҲֻʮŶã츳ͨر⸱Ҳǳǿᣡ
һŶĿҶǰ˫ͫһһ̫ʱʼӵп־̫ɢʥâʼһ羻ǿ˼£ͱ̫Ĩɱһ־ʵʵ̫ͷȫЩҶһ˿ʣȡ
Դ޵̫ħǡͲҪǧͼͼ̫ͼͼҪʥǧͼͼҲ̫ȫף㾧Ҳöãͻᱻ̫
챦ǧͼͼ㾧񣬴ǧͼͼѱҶշֻ߸ϵ챦־̫߰ϴ裬ȫҶȵ־֮£ں㾧񣬱Ͼħ̫꣬⣬ҲҪһЩʱ䡣
Ҷ̫⣬ֻǷ״̬֮ҪһһҶȾ粻ѱ䣬ӷ״̬ѱ״̬״̬񼶣ǲ̫⡣
㾧ڤλ棬ڤλʮֹϣżҲ٣֪̫Ʈδȫ㾧֮޵ɾԪ㾧ͨڤλ棬ʱܶȡ㾧λȻƵڶԪ񣡡Ҷĵ
Ԫһֻһǣܣӱ־ڶԪͲһ뱾ͬڵ־Լλ棬Ӵλ֮ڶԪҵ壬ת㱾ȥڶԪҲǿߣƵڶԪ
ҪõڶԪλ棬ʮѣһλ棬һ½򱶣һڱݴ½˵ĺֻǴ½ѣ˾޴󣬶һһ½򱶴һ򣬾ͿԼеڶԪѾޱѡ
һ½Ҫռк㾧񣬶һ򣬾ҪռӴġ񡱣ǱȺ㾧ǿ򱶵ʥҪҪһλ棬ҪռȳӸ߼Ĵڣλ֮ġ񡱡
½ͨȡ澫Ϊ
ͨһΪλ棬½λ棬֮ʵһѱϵ
½㾧ҪȫѾҪʵһ򣬺Ӵһ˶޷һƬλ棬ߵˣ˵еĴڣſ
ԶҶҪڤλ棬һҪڤλڴ½㾧һƬ֮󣬾Ҫ½ռ½ںϣȥѰλǺ嫵򣬶ȡ򾻻֮ҵλ澫һӵλ֮Ϊܡ
بŲλ棬һںϣõڶгɹǽΪʿתĵֻҪλ治ʿڡ
ĵĹȥڣ̫źģٵλ棬սУ̮߹ްѿʴˣλ㣬Ҳ䡣
ͻɾ㾧ͻᱻ̫ҵڤλ棬Ҫȥ㾧Ϊҵĵʯ
Ѻ㾧̫¯¯
У
߻Ϊһ߸ʬǿɰ뾳һ˿ȫҶգУ̺еһкۼкۼҶһһո
ԭҲħλ棬ǧǰλ籩ݴ½Ͼڵ¹ǣ޵ɰ뾳һɢ޵ôʥϧһȴնɱ
йΪǻµϵȹϧҪǵͻƴʥǾԶһɾʮֹ
һкۼҶȶԿ߹ȥָƣǣҲ˽߰˰ˡ
һ֪һһҶȺ㾪ȣտߺۼ֮󣬴е֪¹ǣɾʮλһǷǳ׺ݺݴ½꣬󲿷뿪λ棬ȥȥˡ
ҺɱĳͶӰԭС𡯣ʮλ֮һԿ߼𡯿Ľǿߡ
ҶȵһںƤЩ飬ĽװҪϵɴһܰҶȺɱ
߹ȻڱչͻƴʥмλҪ̩λ½ϻͻƴʥ̩λ桭
ȻһҶһһ㣬¼䣬֪ж
ݴ½ԭֻ̩λңԶһ½ѣ̩λǵͼλ棬ȴܴкƵԼ½Ǽʺޱߣݴ½͵ȴ½̩λһλûУʿ޵ôʥɾͻݴ½ȥ̩λ򡢴½
ƿݴ½Լٸ½ȻҶ˵ԺλǿߣڵԺ
Ժ̩λԺ֮һ롰ԺԺƿӴ嫵̩λ棬ѧԺӶڼƣÿӣǸ򡢻ÿ½ܳĵӣѧԺͨ˸߼λ棬˴еĵÿӣһڸ߼λӵмλ
ҪΪѧԺӣҲɾΪһҪͨһ㿼ˡ˧ѡܳΪѧԺӣÿѧӣݸ߹󣬽һ½֮
ҵ֮·ſʼΪﵽɾյ㣬ȴԺǰʲôҲǣ
ţԭе˾磬ֹɡɡɡĴ󾳽磬Ȼɾ֮ϣСͨ쾳
ͨ쾳ӵɷɳߣӵɳУʸճΪˡɾͨ쾳ֹͻɾѣҪͨ쾳Ҫ꣬ꡢꣿ
ӴۼУҶȿ޵磬˼šõܴչʲô̩λ桢ѧԺͨ쾳Ҷ˵һöͨ˰Կס


164 
ѧϣҿУǵ϶δŰ
ḻţҶ۹ŵøңԶɾĿ꣬ͨ쾳ΪʱĿ꣬Ŀ꣬ˣĴڣ
Ҷȼ䣬֪ͻɾ֮󣬾粻ΪλԽ֣ɾͨ쾳һһ׵ʮ֣һΪʮΪ塣
ɾ޵ý֮ͨ쾳Ҳ𵤣ͨ쾳ЩͬҲ֪һУӸõģһССߣɾǰϱ
ѩӵһݴ½㾧Ƭټʳڣ϶ҪԺԺҲвɾһЩʳڵӣߣҲȥԺʶһ
ϧݴ½㾧ҶãҵʵֻһɾͷҲΪҡиˣˣѲѩ
һ̣ҶȳȥԼ̫УҶȺȻüͷһ壺ôˣ޵߾ʱи٣ѵҵ٣ѩ
ҶҪɾˡ޵Ĵڣڿຣ޷԰ΣҶ͵ҡҡͷѿ߼ȫ󣬿ʼȡʬ
ʱֻʣһ߰׹ǣҶеľ裬ŹһɶһΪҽ
ߵǿʢһȫںϣҵ߼Ҳ֮ӣؼɷ򣬻࣡
һ̫ʼ壬̫Կ˿룬֮У̫ںϣҶȸоһĵĴڣɰ뾳ķҶȿԪ̺ԪÿһԵ취ÿһ֮䣬໥ںϣݻ첻ͬ
ǻ־ãҾԻ֮Ϊţлһ˿˿й֮־Ԫأ̫ˣһԪֱȡ֮־Ԫأҵٶȣٿ屶ֹ
ں˿ǿķͨԼ֮ҶȻػΪɰ뾳ǿһ̣زأһ⣬Կ֮صĿռ䣬ͬĿռ䣬в̺ͬͬķ
Ԫϣ
ܵǿʢĹ֮־Ҷ̼ԪԪգҶ־£Ƭռ䣬գͷ̫ӳֲ̫⣬һʱ䣬ԪͷŶĿâѿռڰ˲̫ɢ
ţԪſ죬ʼɿչռϡĹ֮գԪâ͸ӶĿ
Ԫãջ֮ɣҶȶһץռһҶɢ־ֱ֮ͨǿʢʱգʼɣһ֮Ҷ塣
Ԫͬʱ£̫ϱۺȣ̥Ҳڶתȡ̫ƺҪѱΪ
Ҷĳ˫泩״̬£һʱĲҶʼһ־
Ȼвϣȴͨɾ˵Ǳɾȴûãڵɡ˵Щϱƴҩ
һ޽䣬ȡռ䣬ζѷźãƷ編޹ǡֱʯʯݵȵȣͳͳ޽䡣
ֻУֻҵϣҪ֣ǳɾҪıĸɣҺ̲ݡѪ
ڷƿմʦµһ󵤷ΪɼҩЧˣҪʿޣǧЧ޷ȡ
ֱʣǷˣֱӵеɰ壬ɣɣʿٶϣǳ屶ң˶죬ţǵЧ档
ɼҩȻҲѰģֲʮزǿָ߽Уķ֣ĸɣҺ̲ݡѪҪҶȥѰңֲϾʲô֪
ԣôû뵽ѩʶǷһֱ֪ҶȻȻѩΪʶ϶֪ЩŴɣɵһӣӦձȳ˸ļʶ
һʰãһ̽뺮ͶһȻδָʥʵٻҪʱ䡣

¹ǣݳǡ
ҶȴѾʮ죬ڵĿݳǻһȣһǳػҶУʱнʿ޳ǳأʿڵ¹ǸҰӪ۵Ļ⣬ͬģǱҶնɱͶӰ
һɣʵնɱɾ־ͶӰبδš
ͣ
ڵ¹ǳаԹ֮ʱȻ¹Ϊ֮һһɰڿݳ֮УϢë壬ͻ̱Ĩɱɾ
־
־٣һǿݳĳһλ޵ĳع飬¹ǲŹСӣ
ÿʿǸ߽ɣֱ־ϢǲԽ׳ذ벽Ϊɾ־ס
ݳУһδڵĹϹ
ʮλ߹ظһλڹϷʩλˣǱҶնɱ־ͶӰɳһλλ߸ϵĽ׾ͷȥݴ½κһɣǹŶ˭ҵ
ϸϸÿһλ棬Щߣס麹ֱðͷƤֱ飬Ǹܵķŭǰɣ˺ɱͶӰҲһΪ£˵ɾͷ

ɻһһĨգ滺ҶȵģҶһģһû˿࣬ѩա
λߣǫˣϧʿȫɱ޷֪ܣһЩΪЧ͵ɢϵ֪Ҷȣһɣڽǰ¹ǣֻǵ֮󣬲֪ȥ˺εأΪһ±ʮأ
Ҷȡ
ɳһ⣬ͣȥһħλ棬뼸λħ˴Ϣʵ֮ͻͽշ𣬲ɹƵڶѾͻƴʥҶȵڶӵһʵ
ԵɾʥʮλɫˢףҶȺɱͶӰһ˲䣬ŵһֱֻһͷҶˣʵ̫̫͡¡
ɾҪǧʱ䣬ʣɾͷ̴ȥߣ׷Ҷ٣Ҫնݳһӣһʮλߡ
㾧Ϣݴ½ʡֲ޷׷١ɳΪһƳƾʧ
¡
֮ϣǾ޴ıͻȻѿ֮ߣҶ£ָһ㣺ȫ߱־õʵѱ䣬ҵ־Ѿѱ䳬ԽɾĴڣҵƷκɣҵ־£Ҫ׳Ƴ
ĸɣҺ̲ݡѪϣֻܹͨܲ򵽣У취Ҷȫѱ䣬ͬڣһƬѩ־¶ԱɱƬѩ˲ԻΪһС
ʱҴ౱ֻһʱޣȻĿǰʵԲپ֮£ҲöԼ᰷ΪߣҪȥ͵һʬ壬ߣʬʵ˵̫ҪҾͼ£˳õʬ㣬ʱһ죬ռ½Ʒš½м壬᰷ڿ⣡
ĺУҶȳڶ˷ŷع¶ɣضݡ
ǲ
ʱԱ߱һһ䣬ѩ߳ͫ¶Ÿ߸ϲڷƮʡ
Ҷǰȭãһ⣬֪Ƿ֪ĸɣҺ̲ݡѪ䣿
ѩһʥ⣬ѩ룬Ȼ䣺ĸɣҺ̲ݡѪÿһϡ֮ĸɣҺѪѪЩĸɣҺڴ½ײĿռ䣬ΣޱȣдѹĸɣҺǴ½ޱȣһɾͷõֱӷãҲо޴档


165 սħ
ŶǷϸ˵˵䣡
ѩ֪ҩҶӿ죬ʵ
ҩԽ̲ΪҲϡ֮ڽӦÿԵõԶ֮龫ɣϹؾѰһЩۺĽԽ
ѪҪյĺܣѪڶ첨һֱԴޣԪޣѪҺʮ棬ſӵؽӽǡĸЧԪԽǿѪЧԽǿܵõһδʥѪɾͽǿߣٴϴ
ĸɣҺݴ½Դо֮һ½ر죬һЩҺ㾧ɴҺմ½ɣĸɣҺϿ򣬻ط򣬻ʿıʣϴӵд½ԴϢһͻӦ֣ĸɣҺ֮أݴ½һΪͻȪ֮£ĸɣҺ̫Թžǿ̾ᣬĸɣҺЩĸɣҺػߣȻʥһԣʥǿߣͨ쾳вĺǿȥɼȴһȥ
ѩҶȣҩһһϸ˵Ҫ㣬Ҷȡ
֮УĸɣҺΪѵáҶһ̾û뵽ҩϡУѵãֲɼҩĸɣҺǴ½Ҳ棬ҶĿǰԵһϲֻͨ«ưʹĸɣҺ
ʱѩ񻺻׽ȻѵõίҶ˵ˣѰһ汦ҲͻȪУһͬ·ڵ¿ռҲиӦ
ãһΪҲд⣬ȻͬУȻҡҶȺ⣬һ⣬ôӭж⣬֪ѻδʼ
ѩǿȥݴ½вٽȥûҩۣУͲգ
Ҷͷһ뵽Ϊ쳣ܵ
ˢˢ
ŴѩĿ嶥ѩҶ˲仯Ϊ磬Ϸݷ򼲳۶ȥ

¹ǣݳǣһ죬һλ꣬ĳ֣¹ǣնڱ仯һݺ޵еϢҪ¹ǡ
ǣϢ˷껺߳аգȻǵ죬һ£̷ȥʮ־ڣ˵ĳ֣а˲侻С
˭˭ڸŵ¹ǵƽ⣿
ͻȻһǿѣӿݳ֮ڣɳһΰӰӰɳĳ֣һе¹ʿŷ춯׷׿գվգĿڵϣͻȻþ֣ùޱȣ֪ˣСĵ¹к£
߸ϣ۹ԤɳĽ״ܣȻڵǰʵʵҵ߲򣬴δΪǺľսԪƺҪԶɢ
ĵ־ɳˣ£ǵЩǿߣȴЩϲ̨Ļɫ
ɵ棬ӣĵǿߣƺʲô˵Щ̩λ˵ضǣһ
󡢴֪ǵɱĵװ죬ôҲһɣȻ˵裬˵ɫ˲䣬ͽǰλͷ
Ϊݴ½λĸ߽ɣ˭ʶңǰҲݼҹˣϻҪ¹ȥħλ棬һλħǰãĨɱҵ־ͶӰұǰҪúħһսɢֲʧĵ
ɫˢʱ԰ף𾪵ĵʲôħһսˣħλÿһλħͨޱ߰ǿɶɸ߽ͨ쾳
ħͨ쾳ħҺΣͶӰҵ־֮һҪħλһͼСλ棬ڱǰ
ಣ
˵꣬Ϊһ磬ֱ׹أһΰ⻷аĻ롣
ǿ־ǿ⡢⡢Ȼɸ߽е޵аᣬݴ½ֻôˡУʱһҪ֪ͨλֵܣ˵Ҫʱȥһ֮
ɲ˼ܣһܸȣʧգ뿧ݳش󣬹ͨ½֮մڡ
ħλλ֮
յľͷںڰԨһͣһ޴ɫλϿգһɫڱɵλ棬컺¶ħλȻǴϹаλСλ棬мϢͨ쾳߽ףƣ
ħλһץͣаķȻ˺һѷ죬ͻȻħλ˸ǿħ⡣
˭ǿ˺λ
ħλеգһԶ֮
֮ϣһѷ죬컺䣬ɢǿħյħŭһ׺䶥ϴս־ͶӰħ˵Ҫնɱ㣬ҳɣ
Ŷ
ħͻأһһ˻Ƶԭ㣬Ҽǵãǰãһ־ͶӰû뵽ǿɾŽ׾ͷ
һĢƺȻԶ׷̤նǺ𽥺һһλźʮɡźɫߵĺħ˳ˡ
һɨ߽ס̫Сˣƾ㣬ҲսҵҫգҾҪնɱ㣡
նɱбڣ²ܡͻȻħͷԱߣһλŮӣλŮӣһźɫۣȴΪߣϣǺɫƺۣ͸ħ⣬Ϣ
ʥ´ˣλħͷŮħͷ֣˲ϲ
һ䣬ںŮϣһɨͨסͨ쾳ĴڣӦħλλͰɣ
ħͷЦߣСӣʥʹߴˣħλ棬ҪְȰòҪʥ´ǰһжͽ͵ģ
ħŮӽű俪ڣһ߽ʬޱ飺һɲϢҲɱ㣬ôħߣͷӡһ꣡

ͻȻЦŷһЦȻɫþ֮ƾ仰ҲҪ֪ҵĺ
ȻʶôͱֱħĺݣŮӣͻȻһħۣϢħ죬ħӿ죬ҪĨɱ졣
ٿ
ħʱƾʧħŮɫһ䣬һץħпʼըض𶯡
ͣ
ʥ´ˡ
λߵħͷֽ֣ͻȻһִϿһħͷоʱ̳ħŮģǣǰϣħ˲仯ΪһŶࡣ
Сսҵܡ컺Ͽգָһһ˲ա
ɶ񣬸ħɱħͽ
һɱħͷһٶ׼ŭ˺Ůӣһ𣬶ʱԵΪģʱձ˺ɫĺ޾ħħΪá壬񺿡
ŶȻʩչ򡭡ͨ쾳ȷʵǿ󣬿ϧ̫Сδ޵֮ԴС鼶ˣҶ֣վڹɭɭĺɫգ˿壬ȻһɰԾµϢ
Ůһ޴޹ǳ֣߸ϣɫΪһ壬ӸɱڣգѪħ򣡡
𣡡
ħŮӻ֣ѹѹһƳͻȻһץһһɰԵƳգڰϯȥһֻֻħ޶ħɱ
е㱾£޵У
ʱŮɫڱӵ֣͸ܵǿ쾳粻ƥеǿ󣬳Խɾӵͨ쾳ʵŮӰӵͨ쾳ʵһԺħλͷһҪɱ
һֻߴɵĶˣһٶֻ֣һټͬħǿ綼ڲϣ޴趯ֻ֣Ŵ죬͹


166 ʥݳ
ͨ쾳ħȦ˿ֲĶ֪˶һɣȭ
ͻȻһĳ֣úɫ𶯣һ֮ȭӡ򣬺䣬ײеĶħ޷֧֮飬ٴһȭӡȭӡǳ֮
ƺһȭ֮⣬̺֮࣬˵֮ǳ֮࣬ںϣ֮
ʲôһɼϣ͸ŵ˷򡭡ʲôˣȻɾӵ˷˷򣡡úŮ֣߸ϵͨ쾳ͷһ̾޷Կһλɾǿߡ
ţ
ڵһ̣ͻȻʲôԾ̻Ϊһʥ֮⣬Թͨƾʧ
͡
ڵʧһ̣ɫ˺һӣŮںΪһ壬ǿұ˺ѣƿ壬³һѪ
ǿĺ󱲡޵һ֮Īǣżǧǰλţ졭
˿̣һλ¿òȴߣΪһɺ̳գʱŮ򣬼ߣ̹ʩ񣺡ˣܣ˼ң
ߵҲڲ֣Ҫڴϣħλ汾ԴڱʳħԽѡ
ˣղ˺ǿȻɾأܶԿңδɾԽԿͨ쾳ħŮһߣƺڵһ֣߳Ҫնɱ
֮
գƺħλ棺ݴ½СʱգмУڣ޵龳ˣֻһˣǾǧǰţתĵ죬ǧǰͻɾʱݴ½δй˽ɾͷǷѾӵ˷򣬿Ѿ̤ɵһ뾳ˣֻǾδδѣ
⡭תɾѾǰɡ
ŮӾ֣ͫ¶ſ־壺ˣǿʢԸرһħλ棬ʱ
޷ﵽ˾磬Ҳ޷ħ֮ѪˣȻһǰãһ⽵٣ǹӵߣϢȻħ֮Ѫڲ˲ǵĴУ죬ҲȲħλ桭
ƺǧȴ޷˵ڣͣһ󣬻Ϊһƺƣʧħλ޵ʱ֮С
졭
ħŮӺݺҧҧʮֲʣһֱա
ɶħ߾ھסңҪٲƿҾҪʩչɷ
ħλһ̾ϣһ㣬ְ߰ѷ죬һھϣѷԽԽ
ˣ㣡
ͻȻɳս䣬һ󵶣ѷ죬ɵľ޴ۼһ˾ϡ
ǲ
ɫڴٿһ뿪컯Ϊһ磬ڷɳħλ棬ѾڣֿʼԶָ
ɶ񡭡ǸߣȻ޵˰뾳˿ɫѱ䣬֮Ȼ
˿̣ɿŴ󵶣ߣʩ񣺡ɣݳǸˡ
Ŷ
һ㶣´ɣû뵽Сһ֮ϣԺʲô£ңӦͨ˰ɣȻô֪
ɼæ͵ԭðʧݹỷ˭˲֪˭˲պ˶Я¡
ģպ¶Ұߣһȣĺ˭ΪУΪУ뱾ΪУǾԺΪУѾ̩λ潨ˡǡ֪ͨͶǣұӻ쵭˵ܸ߸ϣձΪλ漶ǿߣȻҪرԷ
ɳʱлˣлˡ
ƺЩʣһ̣ͻΪԭ㣬ڵʱգʧ
졭̩λѧԺİӣ˺պĵǣΪλһܵõػôɿʼû뵽ͷ̩λ潨ʵǿͨ쾳߾ͷ£ɾȻܽǣ̩λ棬̩λͷ

ĺ½γķΣĴ½ݴ½Χ룬˫ְ롣
ݴ½ݴ½ģĴ½ܺͻҪ󣬸أؾ֮Ϊ½ڣݿν˽ܵ飬ԪĴ½ļʥء
ʥݳǣĳǳأͨݰ˷Ȼĳǳأȴĳǳأһתվͨԡ
һգʥݳţλʿһ·糾֮һλ¶ݣҶȣ翴߼ʵʥݳǣ̾Ǵ½һǣʥݳǣ
ʥݳŽֹҲǵɣѩ֮ϳ߽߱ܵ
Ŷ졭
Ժʱֵ־ͶӰ̫ǿͶӰλħ֣ҶȿܾϣҶȻһɱ΢֮УţµһţҪúüʶһ
ҶȶĺҲһ˽⣬ɣҲĺ½ǿĵţݴ˵ŵĵһһ޵ͨݺݴ½һдǿߣ㽨ţʮһֱĺһţӿľӽ̩λԺԭ˭ҵţǲֱӵԺ
Ȼݴ½̩λ½вģʷȴģ̩λݴ½͵ˣ٣ֻݴ½Ȼûг١
ҶȺȻʵӣǸʲôˣ
ô⣡ҶͻȻһʣѩƬ̣Żعʵ
֪ΪΣҾʣҶѿڶȴûһ˿ֿѾȫѩ𰸡
ѩ룬Į͸һ˿ŭ𣺡죬Ǹ߼λһλתСһֵȭݺݴ½ɣֻʮ꣬ӵɣֻð꣬ɣֻǧ꣬Žǧʹﵽͨ쾳ʵ̩λ棬ҲûٵţǧǰԺԺӵмߵλŻ˵ǣټǿߣţȻɾȴѾӵͨ쾳ʵڵɾնɱ߽ɣͬ
ѩͣһᣬҶţʮأһйĴ˵̫֮࣬ӣ֮ݵһţΪ˴󲿷ֵĴ½㾧񣬵Ҳ㾧йأ
һš
Ҷ΢΢һ̾ڵ쾹Ȼ򣬽˵һɾӵͨ쾳Ϊֲ֮࣬Ĳࡣ
Ҳð̾κˣԵ죬ĵĸоѩð˵
ӴˣҲûа̾Թˡ
ȻסŲҶתѩһ̣ޱȣ˵ֻһѧϰζѣҵÿһߵ·Ҳͬɾǧ꣬ȴý⾰ͻɾ꣬죬ɾͷǷĳɾͣǧ򱶣ֵѧϰ˵꣬ҶתĴЦ
ɾʵֻꡭڲŵʮأܶԿһףͻɾҪնɱ߽ɾͷ
һ̣ѩΪ֮һԭ˵ĲΪҶȻΪ֮ݣģʵȵȣȴû뵽Ҷڲͬûһ˿ʺͲ󷽰ѵ쵱ѧϰȣҲǾѩ̾ǰ죬ĸӼ㣬ܱҵʥ֮ҪʥҪ֪ҵʥ֮춼õõ֪ҶȵĲµһʱ䣬Ҫնɱ֮ǣ
ǰ£·ƳұЦЦ죡Ҷһۡ
һ·Ƴұ
ѩӿŲҶȣȻеС˵ζ֪ɸı䣬Ҷѩ˫δ֣ȫȻںϡ


167 
ʥݳǣ£ʿŶǣɴʯѩҶרͨóһӡӶһӣس̹ǡ
ʥݳǲһŹţǣͶЭӵһֱŹϵôΪͳһҲΪڼǧԺʱ䶯£޵ͨڤڤ֮УѾԽݵһΪ֮ףų֮⣬дҫ
Ǻѩ䵱򵼣ҶȽݴ½
ڿϣҶһԡζʥݳǲĺһǣǽֵͱȱڿ屶ͨ˴֯һ֣ˣֵиʳ¥Լɫɫ̵꣬翧ݳһʿֶǡ
д󲿷ʿװζص㣬һ֪ĸɣʿбͷڴ֣ҲĿ⣬ʿСɻһЩϼ壬ɢ޾Ӷࡣ
̵ΪſڱݸַƵҩֻ캱ķ䣬ҶǿߣƫƧ֮½һжδенǣʲô棬ѩҲδƽϣöҶԽȤӵоʵȴмŻȲһɡ
Լ˼֣һѹȥһʳ¥ʳ¥Ǽģʮ¥ѩֱʮ㣬Ƕ䣬ѩҪİ䣬Ҷȴ󳤼ʶ
ԺݣӦ˵ݳޣǽټʯװζѣ÷ⱦûʣҲټͨ͸ʯɣһɢıʯһ̳ɣǶŸκһݳ޵¡
ĿˣԵƬ̣
ԲñСѩ˼ʽҶһЩʽ棬ÿһʮʯ֮䣬һٷҪԵһٶƷʯʮ˽Ƿá
СƺѩޱȣӵݵλԺյĹϵɣݣ˲ʶ
ţ
ȴ֮ʱҶڿһôߣȻѩϢһ䣬Ȼ棬Ҳо֮ɫóһѩ׳ƣ̫ˣҶ֣λʦڸʱϹɣ
⣬Ȼʦ㣬ǾͲˣ
ӻ֣Ҷȴ󷽵ĵ;ߣ;߶ݻ֮ٲʣҶδš
Ҷ֣ĺΪ¥ݴ½ΨһһĽƷȫֹżص챦д棬򡣡ѩȻ£ʼҶ
¥ҶˣŲ豭
ѩƺϰգ͵¥ݴ½һĺֻݶһң̩λ棬¥Ҳвٷֵ꣬ټλ֮У¥ʲôССݴ½ȴǿһңţҲ䱣мӣ¥ǿȫԽţݴ½
ǳ극ȥãֻȥðգ¥ݣȼ۸Ҳߵĳ桭Ҷе㷸ˣʯǳ٣˼ʮʯЩʯþܱԾȥ
Һ⼸նɱ԰ټƵǿߣܺвʯǿߣǧʯڽ¥ǰǧʯֻһˣֻڲܳΪ󻧡
λѣ治˼һߣ
λӣνĺ֪ѵҵȺ۾ۣһпҵȫ
ߣǡˡŵĺܣǬӣʲô˼
ڴʱ¥мŮ
桢λʦ㡭ˣôĵӡѩվţĮ߳ſڡ
ӣʲôҶȸһ࣬ӵӾȻ˵Ϸɼطж󣬲ǵӣӵ
ˡһЩſܽ֯ÿͷһЩǲٵŶⲻ༶ӣеԽ˲࣬ɾͷƾˣһɲڵŵĴڣҿһЩ߹ѩ߳䣬̼ˮأλٷӣסλɢòȵŮڵѣλŮӴŶʮšģѩһ˵һ۾ͬǽá
ʦã
ʱסŮӣ˷ܳѩ֣Ҳ棬ز˼顣
Ŷ
ӣŤͷһһЦֿ˻ͷӣǸ̷߱桢εӣŶ꣬Ȼ֣ããһλֵǣ޸ˣ
ѩһ桢λŮӣ̾ۼһѩĮɨһͷӣǬӡ㵨ͦ󣬸ðӵӣĪ˸Ĺ
ʲôˣʲôݣӸôջҪλӣһͬˣΣǬɫԵĿλŮ
ž
ͻȻһӰǬǰʧϣȴһʺӡ
ʱѩԱߵҶȣһЦߣҪɱֵģСէ£Ǽɡ
㡭
Ǭʵû뵽Ȼ˸Ҷ֣˳ԱԷ֣ûӦ֤ʵ֮ϣǬвСӣҿ˳ԱңһڲӣңǵڣĺǣҲĲ㣡
ž
һӰǬӸո˵꣬һֱȸղŻҪİӡһֱ࣬ĵڵء
һƣԭ򣬾Ϊڵӣߣһڣٲҿ治㣬ҪɱˣҲȲ㣡
ҶȲмĵһ࣬ӵλŮӣҶȾΪˣΪΣǬɰزǿߣȻҶһоƷʲôʵʮԲǿߣңҶ˿ˣݴ½˭֣ԶԶģڣҶȴûһ˿ںȻ֡
ţб±ߡǬʿ£Ǳ¥ݣݺݵػعͷͼԽ˿ߡ
仰һЩûµ˵仰仰ӣǽȥɣҶȲŲʲôˣѩ˳ȥ
û˲ŵʮأȻɰصǬӺ޷֮
кϷˣʮֻ̣Ǭӿ϶ŹСӣӵӣӦòд·
ʿһǲ༶ڣղһĻ˭ҲҿΪһǲܵġ
ʦãλʦ֡ʦǣ
˽䣬û£λŮ֮һѩʵ
ѩһ㶣ƺӦʲôû仯ĮȻ˫λʦ㣬λҶѣλҵʦ㣬桢ʦ㡣
Ҷվʩ񣺡Ҷȼλʦ㣬ʦҲѣҲȻѣպͷλʦչˣ
ҶʦܡŵʮΪһλŮЩΨΨŵŵŴҶʵ
Ҷ̾̾˼羵ԷѾµȷǵɾҪλӶչˣݴ½ޱߣ»öѧϰ
λʦ㣬ЪϢЪϢѩɵӣҶǰ̰ˡ
ӣ֪и涣ҲӦ˵ӰɣѵдϢᣬҶһѩ
ѩһƺƣ涣֪ģнɾţҲһλȻɾأһʵѾʮشԲĺҲһλ͵
ڵ¹ʱ˽һͶӰɱң֪ҵģһҪնɱģҾնɱҶȺĵ
ʥݳǣһЩʵĺǿм򣬶ÿԱŴɵӣһˣˣҲһţݵĽɫкܶ࣬ĺ֮һ򲻺Ҫһƽ㣬˵ǰҲǵõ֧֣һλԺӣȻȲϵ죬ҲһŶ׵ˣѩģ¶ϣȡ
ҪͷϣҲɣǺǣӷģȻܲ˷ɾͷǰҲòҡ
ѩĵģҶͶȥͬĿ⣬Ȼһƶƺκء


168 ʥ
ȻģҲ˵ʲôֻ˵Сģѩָƽվǧ֮֮Į
ʦ
ԱλӵŮӣδгȾ塢۸ڶʦãȴһǰֵƽʱȫˡ
Ȼѩ֮¶֪ţѩ󣬻һͷڣǾǵ죬ݴ½֪£ǬӸղ֪ϷѩҪŵһ겻ҳš
׺˭֪Ѫг˭նɱĸţ˭Ҳ赲ˣӵֱӽħλ棬Կħͷܿһ㡣
ңΪõޣǣֵõ˼ʣĽӶΪǿԵŮӣ˫޶
ܿСϲˣһ⣬СҶ࿴ѼɾһдɰأһµСҲһþɡ
ҶϢһʿ磬ûΪͨ糣˰ţ裬෴СȻ׽
ˣ
˳Եһʱ
ˣòڸλӣҶ֮ͫУƺһж
һλŮӴ򿪿ʱѿڶ򡭡ӣ
ϵñӣλʦãӵĵӣͨСһ˵Ҫλ̸һ̸ſ֮⣬ˣǬУͷߣһλɷǡӢˡһžϸڵӢ࣬Ͷ㣬չɼҵĴ֮硣
ŮѩߣûڣҶȿڣи㣬һ̸̸޷
Ըѩ΢صͷֵزԷһλӣ޷׿ˡ
ӣʦ룡
лӣޱߵĳӣС룬˳ԱȴŰ벽
һ۾Ҷϣ֮ͫУͷž⣬Ƭջ⣬æѩߣĵС㣬ʧʧ񣡡
ѩҡҡͷ˿̱飬ĮȻ˵һ䣺޷ӣɣ
лС㣡
ȻܾнҶһԣ̶Ҷȱȭʮִ֪λմΪΪ˳Ա
Ȼʦˣ
ҶһߣɫģƷһڲ裬ˣŲ豭ӦӴ˻ˣˣǷǶԴѾ޷壬֪⣬ʲô˵ڣģѩֻһ֮Ե˶ѣ
Ŷ
ͫЦݣɫҲչû뵽ɻĵ£ԷȻ͸˴𸴣ɵѩΪ죬ʵ֪ѩɾһˣʵȴлҪǿѩҪǷѣ֪УңҲҵжԣһѩ˺ɣ֮֡
Ƴѩû˿ӦƱǿʢֱӶҶȵȻֵҲ˵ֲԴʵ˱˵ˣΪ˹ӵңҪΪֵһ˻ҲԺ㣡
Ҷ΢΢һЦЦһƴ磬ˬˣȻˣҲ˵ʲô˵ٶ࣬ҲԽ˿ı䣬ӣֱԿҪҿͷϴǽС
ֵ֣ǿ˿ãȻˣҲϻСֵܸǬڴֵڿͷһб˽⣬պǻԳΪѣ
Ǹ˴ҵڿͷԺҪΪѣǴһƣٸһǳԣ֣ҲӦΣҶȴͷַ̾Цݣ˷ѽ⡣
ɫ˲䣺㲻ӦҪɱļˣѣһϵˣҪ
֣˴ˡѩһ˿ҲҶȣ˵һζ˲׵Ļ
Ӻ޹ϵ벻Ҫ˵֣и񱣬Ҳ˵ǹֲ
ҶɫĮָ飺˵ҪҼѲĻôܴ˭ҪնɱҵĵˣŶ˵ֱ׵㣬Ӵ˿̿ʼѾһˣ㱳ˣɣҪ
ž
ͻȻһȭ¥ܻĵڴֵ㣬նɱң
һȣ
ڳת뿪һ̣ѩȻ˵ȥǬӴӵѪ
ǣС㣡Ȼߣȴѩǰ¶ʩתȥ
Ҷ⣬ѾֵΧŴˣ磬ΪӵеԽǿԽţԽĿˡˡˣǳǳĸڣ
ʵڣݵڶɣõϹһŹϵɵǧɼҲѩش
ˣӣǲģʮ꣬ʮԺˣٰʵеӶҳΣҶͻȻѩǰ쳣Ŀѩ
ʮ꣡
桢λŮӣҶⷬˮЦѹ֣һͱЦ
ѩȻҡҡͷһ˫峺۾ˮҶȣҲģʮ֮㲻ʵڣܳΪݴ½һˣԺӣ
ѵ˿СӣСӶṼӣȥɣȺ߹ڽأҶһ޾壬Ȼĳſȥ
λʦ㣬Ǿʱ䣬ҶѻȥһؾʦһѩλŮ˵ŸҶ¥ݡ
ɻ󲻽ĵʦôˣһ۸ڶˣﶼܾΪζһں
ʦҲ˼䣬صˣضǵʮѣĿԴɣγΪ½һˣ
첻٣泯ȥ
۶ʿ˱˽ѵϢǿһ£ݴ½˭ҵ˵ˣԼʥݳǲĿҶȷɣʥݳѾвʱûзһ䶯¡
㿴˾ǳ֮£ӼԱԲǿߣ벽̤ɾĴڣ
ţһнѵǬӣ޷֮ȴһʮʮأʮأʮô򵥣ɣһԽĺ蹵
δܣѾܾδ
ĲͷҲڰעŴһһ˭룬쵽˼һ˳ͷᣬǣ˾ܳͷȴ̫̫󣬵ʵ֮£֮
ƱƱۣڳλһܣͷ磬ǶͲСٽͣ
˲ͷȴ֮ʣҶöڿտ𣬷Բˣһ
ߣСӣαسѿ֮ˣѵ㻹𣿡
ǬӣܻĺΧŵòҴ˵뿴Ʀåһ
ž
ǬӸ˵꣬һΰƣһδϣһβĵô򵥣ֱķɣǱյˣ׷ȥ
һֻȥʵᣬҲ֪˭׻˵ƣȻ
ֳһƬྲ£Ҷȴ󲽶磬ûһ˿ٴеĽţѩͣھ¥ſڣʱǰ̫ãϾӵҲǺϵ
գҪңǬӾȻҶһķɣǱӺδ棬Ҫˡ
³ңλղųĻشҶ˰ɣҪҴҰСңֻмһˣˣҲɱҪɱҲܵűɱҰɣǿѽҶһ̣һģÿһ仰ÿһֳ֣ߡ

ƺҶ⣬ڼŭҪôӣûܣҪôϣ˳ȣ·˼ٻҶȣͷʮԾѹȡת֮ƳҶɱȥƺݡ
ͣ
ɾɳʮԶҶֻһ֣ʮص׿ֲ̻Ϊ촷ۣտʼѣ룬һǹӵ涸Ȼգгͷ­Ȼ֮ߣѳͷʥݳϷҪʥݳ˶һĻ
λλؾţҶ֤ߣҪɱңʼնû˵һ֮ĻȲѣ
ҶһƤЦɱˣȻ˿⣬ҶɫðԵޱȣһȡգʥݳǣҲŰ֮ˣˣ˭Ҫ裬Ҫʮֻ˳ҼҪЮ޳ܣˣˡʵҸʮ֮Ҫˡʵ𣡡

˵仰Ҷ¥һʥâƾʧ


169 ¥
찡ˣһλ߸ϵĹӣȻʮ˲һնɱ
ˣˣҪ£
һаôǣÿ־ȻҰ˹ͷʥݳǣⲻĺս𣿡
ʮꡭʮҪʵڣǷˣڳԣ²һҪ˸նɱ
һӾ¥ִһֽһ֣ŴɵӣǷ䣬̧ͷܼǻڵѪͷ
Ȼ˵ɱɱҶǳֺˣ
˭óڳԣҶܱ֮ܲ˰װնɱҶֿĺֻҪҲղǰɱˣ
桢λŮ߳ʳ¥ŰɸߵͷίʵЩˣҲҶѩҶһһʵ֪϶ӵ̼ӿٶԶԶ뿪
ʥݳǣʱӿڼ䣬ǰʿһһ֪£ٸԪһͰһпУϢܿҲˡʵڵ֪
ˢˢ
ʥݳǲͬ򣬷԰ټƵĵɫʿװ硢Ҳһɫ͸ſ㡢ޱߣЩʿʵڵӣ󲿷ӣ֮һǲӣһߣȻɶ׾ͷ
֡
һʿһȺʿװ죬粻ͬһͬ꿡ܣҶǲӣɾͷһˣʵλɶΪͬˣһס
ȵߣλƺϤվʥ͸صĹǰڰɸ߾ͷǳͷ­ڿУźԹε
֣²ʵڹܣ䣬ҪͷҪģ
Ϊλ¹ӣȧߣÿһд˵ˣ͸һɳԽϢɾȥ˸߸ϣһ񣬱׿ռ䡣
ʵλߣɱڣߣɱʵڲӣҪɵĺģ䣬ΪϣϷв׷ĵԾ֣Ҳˣһͬ׷ף׷ɱһҪ׽ôˣ
ȻּҪ֣Ҳǿѣڿʼ´׷ɱʽ׷ɱˣԾһͬѰĸ߼һǵʥ
ݡ
߼ԽֱӰѹնϣȴ˲ʧǻΪһƹâԭһʧͷҲӸ߿׹䣬֮ǰʵڵģһʱ䣬ʵڵӵᡣ
ùҵѾȳ˸߳
ԾĿԭʧĵطʮֽʵڣߣ֣ȷʵ׽ôˣҪСġ
лѣ˭ʵ׷ɱʥݳǣɱҲӣʵս߲ʵڵʹΪϣ˫ͫʲô
ˡڹһ̣ü¼Ӱ񡭡
̣˫ŭ֮ʱһλǬӶ꣬ȻԾǰϳһӰ棬Ҷ˵һ仰ĳûκһһޱȡ
ϿӡӰ񣬷ÿӣ
Ҳ̿ӡÿһλӡԼԱʥݳԼݴ½ҳˣ
ԾذҶȼУϽɾͷ˾֪ţɱسĸ󻼣ԾʶĺţȴûҶһ˿䣬˵˸ûбֻһõš
ðǵӡ׷١ԾΪɾͷ˿ͨ׷٣ȴûҶһ˿вֻôһƣɶΪûָˮ׼ʵǸ߽ɣпһ˿Ծʱգѻꡣ

¥ʥݳ֣ĽֵûƽɣΧκνͨľʣҸϡͳľʴɣ¥ĽʰסҪɫһԲιԼʮ¥ߣƴΡ븻ʾݵһʵ
˿ִ̣ʿͬۼÿ˿۵ֻһ£Ǿ˹ӱ˵նɱ£Ϊ£ʥݳǧ꼸¼ÿ˶ȥ
¥٣ֻϡˣƽʱҲǧˣÿʱÿ̶˽׸Ʒ
˷粨ʵǿƣûرܣһʣû뿪ֵһӺ߳ӰѩҶȡ
һӵıǣҶȴ˿Ҳǿ߾Ӳѩ鷳ǹ¼ҹˣѩȴӵ
ݵһ¥ȻʹҪ
Ҷȵɨһۣ¥ΰȣͬʱҲӦУʮǿϢмɻɸ߽ף΢΢Ӧһʱʱ޵Ϣ̫ǿƮ죬ǿ߻ҶͷһθӦ
ѩҶȽ¥ĴתתҶȿ۽磬ȻʲôƷУĿҶۻңڹԱָ£ҶȷŷһʶΣҶջ񲻷ơ
λӦӵӣȥɣϷԽӴλͣ
ʱһλŻ¡͡ݵߣʮ꣬˫ü罣ͥã˵һӰ죬Ǵ˼ʶӵһеĻۡ
ѩʩһ۾ͿͨٴΣδλߡ
СӼǰҶȽʩҶ˵ĸоλߺǣһǰΣҿ͸Ϊ⻹Ҷȵһ²Էɸ߽ͨ쾳ǿߣһ͸Բʡ
λˣ̫࣬¥⣬ΪλЩرʲôҪƺҶȡѩҪƷ
ҶȵͲҪĸɣҺ̲ݡѪֱ֪¥ǷӵУ۸٣
ĸɣҺ̲ݡѪ
΢΢һɣƺ¥κһƷУƬ̣΢΢һЦƷУǽ̲ѪǰӸոһĸɣҺʵѾһλϹ˿Ͷ£һʱòڶݡ
Ҷһ΢΢ЩʧԷ̬ȸĸɣҺѾԵŶǽ̲ݡѪֱҪʯ
̲΢ۣѪЩǹѪʥѪֱһһۼһƷʯߵһָͷ
һ򡭡Ҷ°Ͳϲ£Ҳ̫Ȼ֮ǰй׼û뵽˵ز˼顣
ƺҶȱ鿴һЩĶЩһ򶼶ɾͷף⻹ǵһеʿҲЩʼϲ̲ݼֵʮ򣬶ѪһΣʥƷʣȻ۸񲻷ƣȻҲˣӵͣѾۿۣ
ˣʱҲ޷óôʯɬҶֻܷʯ֮ڱ֪ʯɾʿ޼֮һӵдʯߣɾͷһ뿪ݴ½ȥ̩λǿߣǧʯڻ£Ҿϧĸ߼ʯҲӵв١
鷳ǰҶ֮ʱѩͻȻóһŽɫӡн¥ϴֵƬߡ
ŶϷͽȡ
߼Ƭ֪ѩʲôˣÿſеǼǣǿߣҲһ۴ӿƬжϢƬ̲Ҵ⡣
Ҷ̶ѩӣ⡢ô˼
ٻұɣһʱҲҪʯ㲻ʱܽ𣿴ȥͻȪΣķҲһʱܻģȵõȻоȡһѩ˵µϣȴһ˿˿ӱ顣
λǽ̲Ѫӷϣһ̲ݣǰ˵
ҶƿһŷвٸһĹݣһ͸ƿװŵʺ쾫ѪҶǲѪ壬Ƭ̸ӦξѪĲ̺ͬǿʢ̲ݣҲˡ
ѩͷ٣
ţҶȼͷϽӹٴδһ󣬱޽䣬һδ޽ɢĹâѩһ
߾ֵĵû뵽λ˻ӵر֮ˣƾöָ޼֮
õһöֲָʲôԵӣߣôһ˵ҶȸоͦŤģѩᣬ漴߳š
ݴ½Ȼ˲żüãȻݴ½ڼ٣Ͼǹϴ½̺Ϲżһ
ߵһЦ˫ͫŲ¡


170 
ʥݳǣҶնɱһ£ʥݳӭһĽǿߡ
ɶСӸˣǵʵڹ죬޷׷٣ʵڿɶ񡭡ĽֵУһλƤĴ󺺣緲һ߶ˣǿݳǳɡ
ˡʵݴ½粨ҶӰ¹ĺа̽ɵõϢһʱϹȴѾ޷ҶϢֻããʥݳһѰҡ
һĽ׾ͷһɣǸ߸ϣټʥݳǣ޵ľͷһһܵϢûüߣһǿʱͨڵʱȫ
Ϊһصľڷӡ֮УʱӰ޵ľͷҲڷӡ֮УɵһЦԭʥݳλػߣˣαش߶Ǵ󣡡
ɴ㲻úڵ¹ǴţʥݳǺ£Īĸﷸ˴һ·׷ɱ
ɲǵ¹ǣҲʥݳ£
ҪٲߣǿɾͲǴҲ˽⣬ǿĴ֮һҲͻƣ㣬ԶǷӡڴˣǵ¹Ǽеĸ󻼣գͳô˷ӡ㣡
޾ͷڲͬķ򣬲ͬʱգֱ𴫵һͳɱ
λʥݳǲµģֻΪ׷ɱһˣҲˡʵ׷ɱˣңһ֪һЩƺʲôܣ˿Ĵ󣬷ÿֶ
֪
һλͷƺˡʵйϵĵɣԵƬ̣ϷԾǰ
żһʱҲѰСӣʮ侲ĵۣȴ
ٿ
ͻȻǴһУӰ߳һԾһλǱΪ߳࣬׵꣬ԾϣɹȻ㣬֮б˻û˽⣡
ߴ׳˶ը֮£˰ɣҶͻɵĴڣնϺ쳾գΪͬͷ֮޶
ղػǰ˵£֪СԾɫһ䣬ѹסŭ
֣һץʱһҶ뿭ڿݳǶĳ֮УԾһʱɫڣԱλͷСӣȷ
ЩԵʮءնɱɰ뾳ǿߣһĨɱ־ͶӰɳȥΪ󻼣λ꣬ʯΡȻȴŷɱڡ
˿̣ԾȻЦɣ治ãĽͶӰȻԸһСӣ
Ҳµ㱻סҲ˿壺ԾվŲۣ֪ӣڲʱӵͻƵʮأݴ½ʷ֮УҲûּ¼ɣٶȣͻɾնɱ㣬Ųţ
ɣȻб£ҾڴһսԾƢʢȻʱ˺ͣҪѿɱݴ½ҪնɱĶ󣬽ոպý˻޻ء
ɣݴ½Ҳ˷ȻĿˣҾͽѵѵ㣡Ծλ꣬ȻҪɶ֡
ɫһԷΪҪߣ϶Ƕ֣һسߣⲻ֪жسڳ˯ھһֻɱλƱ仯֮䣬ȴ͸ɱ֮ȻкܴʵȰòҪ嶯Щسߣ
ԾЦɣĪǻ㣿㣬ΪܴҲس˸ڵƣҲǹΪ棬ǧսݵߣ
ΪҵıǴˣˣǵﲻ㣬ʮˡʮʥݳǣҲõģҪǴŭǲܶҲҪնɱɱһɭɭ
Ŷ˵㱳˭ҿԾơĿ˵
ɴһӣһߣһ֮ܣʲôˣʲôʥػߣѵȵǻҪǿô
ǣ꣬ػߣʱʧɫȻӿ죬ͣ
ǡ
ȻšԾͻȻɫˢףдһ˿ɣ㡢ƭˣôȵͼڣһ˿ϵ
ǰȷҲһ˿ϵǸ߸ϣͽ᲻̩ǵһˣӦ֪ܰɣʥݳǴݱԴϣλسߣӦܸܵڼٹɴʱǿӲصسߵ
ǵȷиӦλؾͷû˿ѿڶ
ԾģЪ˹ĵܣóʲô֤йϵ
֣ˣɵƽѣͽ־ĨɱΪٸһ㣬ͻӦ㣡λΪ꣬һҲɡ
ɱɽݣ˸ҷ֪κ£Ҳһ˿˺ΪΪˣ̣άˣδ£˶ͻȳ֣ĨɱԣھɱԾ˵ǿߣҶһë޶ȣֻܽڴ˵ء
ɴЦλǰһжԹȥɣйͬˣҶȣݳ֮ʱ͵ﱾһλ£֮ħλ棬Ϊߣʵɲ⣬ֻɾܽնɱһɣǰֻ·һ
ɣǧˣλ꣬е㲻ţһɣӵжԿһ׵һҲ졣
˫üһЩߵĵҿûбϹħλ棬֪ΪΣҳɹ𣬶ɵһ־Կģǵ֮ǿΪѾӵдʥһʵʴˣҶϣһһ׵ǿΪ󣬾λԾֵܣҲ޷׽ס
һӵһ׵ķ
֮Уһλس߾ͷԶ̾Ϣ֮
ǸӦþӵжԿһ׵ʵпʥǣһ챦һķƾ跨ʥ𣡡
һλеسߣٵķ
һжģҶȵĵɣȻܴħλ氲ȫ뿪شҶħλ棬ңҲ뿪ǵ־ӵйͨλͨЩΪ޷֤Ҷʵǿ֮УӦûһλ˼˰죬˵һۺܽĻ
ɵͷʮͬⷬԹҶȵĿͷڻŭԣҪֶԸҶȣǵɣ־Ѿɳǿߣͻɾһں챦ǾңҲץס⴩ʱλ֮䣬ǵſܳаյؽ׷ɱһλΪķֻѴնɱ˳ֺ¹ϣɶ޵ɣһȥ治ʮ꣬ˣʲôʵڶҪϣĺҪΪʱѹֻԽ٣ʱǾҪΪЧңȻǵ˵ˣҲϣλɫ˸ںһݴ½Ҫ̩λ棬иֵĸ߼λ棬ҪΪ˵ˣ

˵أֳɾͷҲԿӰȷʵ˵޲죬ÿԺͬͷǾҪҶС֮ʱնɱѾǱܣĨɱǱնɱ³һ
ǽ쿪ʼǾͺ죡λ꣬Ͷȥһ񣬽ģǴ󻺻ʧ
һɾͷ׷ɱɵľ׷ɱҪĻ

ݴ½һޱ֮ʱҶȴѩո뿪ʥݳǣһݴ½ʮϸĵͼһݵͼͻȪ
ͻȪǴȻĽ񹤣ؾ֮ӵðγһٹͻȪͻȪ·¿ռ䣬Խ£ԽΪǿȡؾǵ³ȵĻ֮Ԫأϵǿޱȣݴ½ԶŴ½Թǿߣͨ쾳ǿߣ޷ݣΪؾ֮У̾ųԽͨ쾳ĴڣǸ߼ˣпݣ
УӰٷУͬʱͼѩϽͻȪòԼȥڡ
ҶȵͷȻ򣺡ֲãҲδΪݴ½ͳߣӦþЩؾǿž޴ϵ
λе򶼿޷ݣΪʮֹͨ쾳ӦľǿߣԵԸһΪˣҪ̩λд½ϵΪūѩ˵ûаѵ쵱Լ󣬹ϵʮİ


171 ʹ߽
ҪǱҵˡˡֵܣǶҪΪū
ūʣ׼Ҷѩ뵽ֿ鷢ʱҶҺˣܷ£ҶȾ
дŵԺҲʮֵ֧죬ڸɼӿΪٶȣԺΪɵ˺ܲ򵥣ǧҪʣѩƳһҶȣƺѶԷֻϣȻ⳹ǣʮϡ
Ҷȵѩ졭ҵȷС죬ϵĴڣҲˣܼҵ

ѩͷǰеͼԣٶȣܿͻﵽͻȪؽ磬ʿͻȪɼˮԺҪƴҩǧŹλᡣ
ţӵңҵļ塢ѶСҲûκοɽֻҩУǿԼſʵ£ҶҲѩһհԶøԶߵĸԶ
ٿٿ
ڴʱҶѩͬʱͣɫһ䣬գֻǰغȻһ֮⣬˽ٷ䣬͸ͣͷŵĹâݴ½ƺλãֱӴӸ߿ս١
һˣǿϢɾͷһǸ߽ɣ¥λ߲Ҷһƺѹâ֮п͸һ㡣
ѩժɫأҶ²£ĵ㣬Ҳ֪ûж⣡
ѩּˣ֪ǵ룬Ƿ˴𰸣ǽ٣ϣܸ𰸣
âʧ֮ϣŮӣ䶼ڶʮͷ͸Ÿ߹Ϣʥ͸ױȵǿ
ѩǰһʩʮֿμλǧʹߣлԺ࿴ݣȻҪԺʹѴһ㣡
λŮӣǰλŮӣϢʱʱޣȴŷּһӸµѩǵδ㣬ܾǲԺУĪֻԺ
ҶȰעһУԺԭ̩λѧԺ֮һѩɾȻ͵õԺأ
ûⷬ治뷨ݴ½Χ򣬶ԺƿأһԺ͵ڱݣɣˣҪܵԺĳͷöȣʹѴѩʮϵ˵
Ůӱ䣺¶˾ģںԺȴԺ˱ԺϣΪˣҪܵͷǽԺѹڣ
Ҳ֮ɲԺ̣ݣǻȥ޻أѩ֪޷գֻӲͷƤ׼һս
˵ĺãˣݷҰֵɣҲҪָϣҶȷѩߣûһ˿ߵ뷨
ѩɫһ߰ɣ̫ǿǸǶֻ֣һ߻ᣬú㾧ߣ֪ͨɳϣǰץߣҲ޷Ȼ뿪۴½
Ӵˣܴ󷽷ݣȻ׼˺·Ҫ汻ץסл·ԣӵֵһȻߣҶûһգ뿪Ҳл·ϸһ룬ȻԷҪѩ֣ҲܷŹԼһսΣѰһ·
ѩǿһʣԺῴ㣬ʶôλʹߣ˲䡣
ѩôδйĮ˫ͫ⣺ȻǿҵʡʵڿɶΪǼ٣Ҫҵİɣô֪жҵȴδɹ˽Ҳע޹
ݡ
ͻȻǰŮ˵֮ʱգʱ飬һͷʥâĹʥǹһͻأɱ
䡭
λŮӣɫþޱȣʥǹ֮䣬Ѿǰۿ֮ʣһͻȻ֣ǰһ֮ǿѹסʥǹȻùʥǹ˿
ֶΡû뵽һ½֮У˸߼߼ǰλŮɫһͬ£̲ͷɱڿˡ

λŮӣջ֮ݻٹʥǹΪʥǹһĵ׵Ŀ־壬ڴʱϿգͻȻշɳһŻ棬γһΣſֳ
ʥһ𡭡
Ůɫٴ˲䣬һɾ֪жͣɾո׼־ܺɱ֮ʱͻȻ˫һɶԿռ֮ԵƿأΪһŮΧеĿռ䡢־ܣȫһʱ֮У˲ʲôʧ
ȻһӵпռϷſʦãû뵽ջõһϹ汦
ɾͷŮӻһץһŮڵգγ˾κη޷룬Ǳǿĸ֡

Ůӷŭ֮Ҷȡѩ˾ǻһȣ׾٣ʱ䣬Ҷȡѩڵֱ߿ռ䣬ش߽⣬ڱ
ˡѩҶȿʱնף߹ѣ˾ֶ֪Σȫʩչ޷ԿֶΣɶסǿߣҲҪֹ֮¡
͡
ռδҶȡѩڵʱգǿռɢĲǲѣǰͻȻ³һѪҪ֪ҶȡѩӵпһǿߵʵȻڶԷһĲ𵽣Ѿˡ
ѩһڵ֮ʱҶ§סѩĲš͸һ˿áǿҪˣҵĺ㾧޷ôʱڿʱմΣˣ
ҶҲͬǱļţվֱѩȻһЦɸ߽׹ǿǿĿ£ǣԷһָͷ޷⣬ǵԾռ䣬ųǿһ̫СЩߣϣЩڣԽ˵ͽλ棬ǽ죬þң
ȿȡѩ˼ѪŻռǲɣѩ̰ԼصʥҶ֮С
Ȼ˴̱̫գѹԺҪõ磡
λ洩󣡡
ѩʥ֮Ҷͷŵ̥֮е̫⣬̼ǧͼͼ飬߶̫⣬ʱоǧͼͼɢλ޵ֱ˺Χ׿ռ֮Ϊһƣ״ӱըռǰΪһĨԭ㣬ôȻʧ
ţ
ԺλǿŮӣͻȻһ֣ռֹͣӦɶ񣬾ȻȫʧⲻһĴȫ׷ٲϢ⡭
ʦ㣬˴ͷûץʧȥʦãȥôʦԱλŮӣͫг˿־塣
򵥣ǿ˵ݴ½ǿ߰㣬һп˵ͨ뿪ǿϢڳⷽۼŮǿһλŮӣâΧռ䶼գһУҪ֮ʧ
ߣ
λŮӣÿռͨ뿪֮ʣͻȻһֻΰֱӴһѰŮ֮Уλɾͷ޷ѳȥƺֻ֣ȫԽܷĵز
ߣЩԺǵԺôʱ򣬵ͻȻ߳ڵȻ顣
㡢ǵ졭ô㣿
ԺλŮӣһۣϳ˵죬Ůŵ죬ͫ˿־壬ƺŮʶֶһ㡣
Ȼʵ̩λ洫˭֪
ŭ˵ĵԴԺز˵㻹ҶҵŮ֣ԺҲҴŮ˵⣬Ǹ
λŮǿߣȻ˽ֶΣòֿҲټɻ䣺죬֪ǽˣ㻹һģѩʥ˵ǿˣǿ壿
ΣΣЩ΢ĴڣҲҺҪΪ̩ǰˣ˵
ȷʸ񣬲̩λǿߣ㲻һǿˣ̫̫࣬ҪΪ̩ǰԺԺ޷ƾ㣿
㻹ҪѩŮˣСˣֶⷬΣҲóѣŮӣ˿ӣЪ˹ĺȵ
͡
챬ŭ⣬ֻ֣˲ԺŮӣ󱬣֪뱾棡
ţӵк㾧񣬾ȻԾռҶ޷׷٣ΪһѾҪƿغ㾧񡭡
˫ͫһ⣬޾ռ䣬ʱʲôҲûΪһӰʧ


172 â
嫵棬Ө޵λ棬һſ򡢴½ɳһƽȵһˮѤĿ
һȥټλ棬򡢴½ֲ߶Ȼһе򣬴λߴ߲ʣе½ȴڵͶˣݴ½ȴ´
ݴ½濴һɫѳСһش½Ĵ½ҲͰƴС
ݴ½ΧС򣬴½ȴʮ٣Щݴ½
Щ֮УһԼݴ½ʮһǰҫۣȸҪĿΪâǡ
âһ㱣ͨɿâ嶼Դ½Ϊǳ٣ռʮ֮һ
˿̣ԽƲʱգâǿʢȴǿӶĴϣպȻһζƬ֮УȻһҫֱӻ䵽һӶһˡ
ȿȡ
УһλŮӸɬִһɻȷӳˡ
˻ʧҶѩһʯϣѩѩڿƮɫ԰ףһ˿ѪɫܣͻȻܲݴ½ԴϢѵﲻݴ½
Цɣ
ôһʣҶȱ𾪣Ŵܣ̼һ÷ȥܿ
ಣ
һ˲ƾշȥգ۾ǰ֮⣬գ͸ŴʥǿϢִس˿ӶǿӶһƾƶһΣһرĿӶڿӶ⣬вٱסǿʿڰ˳رʯоȻشٽʯ÷֣ʿһͬ㣬ȻѰʿһЩвͬͼڵʿʣµʿһѿǻεˣеˣǴʥȫһ˿ʣȫʧȥʥܣڴΪ๤
Ȼݴ½һרſɱʯʯ򡭡һôǴʥǿߣܵϢ޾ݴ½
ڿܿ๤ʿÿһסΪɰصɾ֮ĽʿɾͨʿɾǶӳ߼ɾǽ죬һ׹һףȫһ۹ơ
۹
Ҷһʣһĺ죬۹ĸ֣ƺǿ־ӡɣһۣһη峼֮⡣
ȻЩʿһ۹ǿĵ۹Ȼô๤ȡʯʯԼڲԴֱݴ½ȵģҲ֪۹ԺʲôϵȻȥ˵һܵǾܣ±ǿ߷֣Сߡ
۹ȷ
һոջع鱾Ҷȱһѩѩϳһ˿𾪣۹û뵽ݴ½һǿ۹֮У۹ڱعоع۹ݴ½ΧΨһһ۹ʮʵǿĺܣҵ۹ҲһЩүСȨԺУ˵õԺ֧š
ҶЩףʵ̩λ浽һ֣
ѩϢ΢΢ת̩λܴ󣬵ԺԺͨ죬ǿּ̩λ棬ܵе۹𾴣ʥأԺ֮£һЩȻǵ۹̩λҪǵ۹֮䳣걬սӶԴÿʱÿ̶е۹䣬µĵ۹𣬵ȻԺ۹һЩɸǿɵҲǳֲĵǣȻμӵ۹֮ҰļȡԺΪλ֮ٸ£̩λʷ֮ϣֻһλǾǡ̩
컹һۣΪ̩һͳλ棬Ϊλ֮ҶһЦǾõ⣬ū
ѩ̩֮λΣķԺҲ˷ּ٣ʵڣ˭ҵԺ֪ԺĿ£ŲҵôߣǵĶԺԿǧСʵ
Ϊ治ˬӣǰһܳطӦûûб۹ɣߣҶȲѩ˲ߡ
⣬һƬߣκֲǣȴһرһ˷ֲˣҶȲ̫κ׵ĻҲ޷رıء
տȥƬųĴأպһأƷǳ
ӣ۹ӣ϶ǲУһһͷǾҲ˵壬ǽص˵
һһγ֣ʱһʵȫûģǿˣص³ż׺ǿʢ½ףǧĵ£ȼջ㣬ȴһǣš
㿴ö౦ʯңطһԶżöϼ̨Ȼǧףˣ
һͣΪһƬ¿ռ䣬һϳǳأһżѩһɨӹȥ̾
ǰ񿴵ʿУ޳ˣҲ䣬в죡
һɿˣȻʧҶȷһϼ̨һӣһгʧ룬ҶĴһأһϹż϶ܴڣһָʵȥ̽ҲҪ뷨ӻصݴ½ʵ֮⣬ֻбնɱķݣ
ҪĴҺͨӳô㣬ҲҪܳʱָܻѩĵĵ
õģ㲻ҪǣѾסһλԺŮӣŮľ磬Ľףһգټڲһڻָʵһͻƣ
Ҷ˵꣬һץѩ˲򣬸ոսѩͷһжˣ𾪵ؿ߼ʱգϢ𾪣ֻ򲢲һ˫û뵽㻹޵˵õ򣡡

ҶʩչΪǿ̫ҵ̫⣬ϴǧͼͼԺŮӣ̫¯֮зɳȻҶȲûаѴǧͼչֳ̫ס
΢Ĵڣ͵Ϯ𡭡Ůӱǧͼ̫֮Уη޶ԣƿڴ
ѩһЦˣΪɱҶôڷԴǣɫ޳ܣ
˵ĶԣСˣŮӻӣ˵
ҶȰѹѩ֮Уѩӣһͬǿǻ޷ȫ
ѩȽȽϣ첻ҡ
ݡ
˸Դһͨӡǿʼ֮У˿һʼӹڲһ˿˿ӳ˲䣬߼֮УήҲԪ񣬽磬￪ʼת
ɶ񡭡ɶ񣡡ڣŮЪ˹ţ̫⣬־һжͽ͵ġ
û뵽һ𣬾Ľ׾ͷһգ˵ڻɷҲһҲһȼ֮ѩɫָȻۣҶȣҶȷʱ뿪ıƽʱ䵭˵
ɱԽҶֺϷҶɱˣǸ֮ˣòھεĵҶԵ˴ӲĴһնɱͻΪҵĽӣޱߣʣɷ׾٣Ľ𵤣Ҳ㣬Ŀǰ޷Ľ׽𵤣Ԫ񣬱
ãҵȷĽ׽𵤣˵Ϣһ޵ý𵤣ѩϲһĽ׽𵤣ǼֵǼֵǡ

ڵŮӣȥ̫һ̣£Ĩɱ־Ϊһˡ
û˷ҶѩӿŮǿʢ߼ϻָΪɾͷʵڸ߼úܣʵָˮ
𵤸ҳ
һĶֱץŮ¸ʱһŽɫȴֻĽɫ͸Ľ𵤣ѩȥѩɣſһУʱ˫ִӹŲȫϡ
Ҫʧˣҽ
һʧΪУʧһ̣Ҷ̰֮С
գʧĺûᣬȰ˵̫ӡסѩһҶȫͶľ֮С


173 ޴Ƹ
ҪĽһ£ڳ˵ҪڵлĽبţҲֻɾ֪ҪĽжѡ
ǰҶȲδõ񼣴УҲϹԼӳ֣־ڣﳼ̫£ʵˡ
̫ңԶʿյ㣬ֻǴ˵еĴڣֳ̼ԦٺڰɢŸϣ
Ȼ̫⣬ҶҪĽҲҪʱ䣬Ͼ̫Ŵڷ˼𣬹ؼɾʿ˵ȫһżÿһ磬ӵв֮ͬ࣬ҲʮǧƩȻɾȴӵжԿͨ쾳ʵɴռ䣬λ֮䣬ɾ߽׵ͽɣȴҪܵطơ
ɾ޵ý𵤣ӵسϵʣӵԣǹͨصȡؾЩ߼ڵ˵ԳԽ˵ͬҲǡ
̺˼ֲͬǧַӡ󷨣һ򣬿Ըռ䣬ĽףҪǲĴ⣬Ҳôǧͼͼɹ
Ҫںϣʱǲˣֻ̫ȡԴƿԺһںϣҶȸܵǿеַǸ߼鼶ַصɼַҪʱȥͨǵʵȥɵġ
Ҫ̫ȫȡԴҲҪܳʱ䣬Ҷʯһ͸
ˡ
̨һ࣬ѩΧŵɫ⻷⻷Ļһѩȥʥǰޱߡ
תڽϿգŽ֮һɿֲڽΧȻĽ׽𵤣ǿᣬʵѩڣѱըʧ
ޱߣָ߼һٱֹУ̺ظַ򣬻ӵ˲ԣԺ֮һԺһֻԺ⣬Ӳ鼶ɼ˲ã
ѩŽ֮һڷ췭ظı仯ľ󣬽̺˸ϼӳѩԪһжѱ䡣
һĽ׽𵤣һȫ͵һλĽʦֱӸѩ֪ѩҪȫŽ𵤣֮ﵽһ߶ȡ
ѩݴ½ɾһˣʵˣӵжԿɾڣ̺һɻһֱûдʣҶ֮£һŽ𵤣ȫϷѱ䡣
ĵ¹ż¹żռ䣬һ˿˿ߣ
ʱ䲻ʧϢҲϷ仯仯ĻѩӼȫ֮ǰͬļ֮УȻ͸һ˿߼ǿĽɫ
ǿƿҪںϣҲһ£ǿƿأ
Ҷͷ󺹣Ԫ۵Ҷô죬Ͼֻеɾֻǰ޹˺ߵĵزˣԵɾȥɾͱɾɣݻ
֮У̺ķ빥󷨣֮࣬纣Ҷȿµͻɾƿ򣬲ΪһЩ󷨲ҶȻڹ̫̫¯ǣԴһƿء
ھͿĽ׵Ĵ䣬жٱǧҪʧԺĵӣݴ½κһλɾͷ׵ģ
÷ͷŴʥƿ򣬶УŮָöīɫָȡҶУƬ̸оһ䣺ȻԺӣ䶼𣡡
ţǿ־̶ãҾͳ㣡
Ԫոսָͱһǿ־٣ҪĨɱԪҶ̼̫⣬Ԫ֮УԪ̫⣬ͻȻǹǿ־ſ죬һ̫⣬ˢˢһɱ־׻𣬶ԪһѲ־ȫȡ
ˣҽ
˳봢ʱգҶ㶵ĲۣɴɨΧòٴβۣٴȷŸǰһжġ
ɽһĲжʮɽô޴һһÿһƱɽˣҶϸϸһûдĥõʯԭϣһɽô࣬ƷʯɽʯƷƷУƷ٣ռʯ֮һ˺ʯɽ٣һźƣҶһصݴ½ӵеʯ±һɻҪĶࡣ
һ۹ڵʯʮִԺ֪ƿضٵ۹۹һʯȻÿӶֵúܶ࣬ӼලɼȻ̵òٺô
ҶȴϲѣӵôʯԺ壬ҪɡͲ׽⡣
ȻһٶʯӡţСӣ٣ܻʯ
ҶȼʯɽϷƯ⣬һץԭǷӡһٶʯҶȶʯ˽⣬ȻʯȻֵǣСӵôʯȻȱʯӦʯԺͻɸ߽ףͨ쾳аɣ
Ŷô౦ʯǼɽʯ챦ô෨
Ҷֱӷɹʯ뱦ʯɽӭģɽɸƯգصķԶһɽҶŴͣ΢΢һ㣬ŷǧʥƷи߼ǲˣռ䵽ٶȸ෨̬ۻҡ
ɣ
зϷҶȸоͬȥһһηһƵĹϷɢŹϢɢϢҶϤ޽һɼϢ
ֻϧϹǿķӡɼӡ˭ȥ߽Ҳƿӡͨ쾳ǿߣҲٻںϣʹ򵥣ںϣϼѣ޼ֵ֮һʯɽ
Ȼټ棬һɾͷ޷ֻһЩŻͨ쾳ͷſǿʹãǿ߲ãһˣʵһƷղƷˡ
öϣɼĴڡǣĲϰȻô࣬ɽ֮࣬˼顭
߰ɽϿգԪһɨԭϣ֮࣬еզ࣬лྫĴڣԶԶĸɣҺ̲ݡѪߵȰٱҲĸɣҺͬʵĲϣҩ̫ǿҶȾûĸɣҺĺá
ҶôԭУȻûзĸɣҺĴڣĸɣҺȻȲԭ󣬵֮٣ҲǱضУͼҲϡ֮
ôԭϣʱͲΪԭ϶żȻص½ұ㿪ʼ߼ʵÿ˶ǵɣСɣ꣬ɶᵮ
֮࣬Ҷȼĩ˼ɽҶһǸĪι״ɽҶȸˣһɽǳƷҩ֮࣬ҶȶδʶƿմʦҲûмأֻаٷ֮һҶȲӡ
һſŶɼ鵤ֻкһɾҩһֵҩƷѾҪӽɵˮ׼Щ߼ҩպǿУͲħǧħǶûãֻ꣬ǿĶħң
ЩҩǱ
ţ
쳣˷ܵҶȣһɽһɽʵ뷨һڰյؼ
ؼһɴڵĸ
찡Ժӣ֪ɱ˶ɣȥٹżӵиֹϵؼ
Ư֮УԪһɨķɾͷ̫࣬ͨ쾳зУи󷨡ؼЩùϣеĲȫ󲿷ؼԺķռģ
ͨ쾳ܹϣ̺Σգ󷨡ؼʵԣԺҶҷչûдؼô죬ǵȫѹ֮ĸ߼ؼţҲضã
һĽ׵ӣӵ㱦⣬ǲ󣬿ԺǸĺܣ̩λ棬޲ȥʶͻɾ֮£ٳúüʶһ
Щʯ̺֮ԶʲôǿĶ࣬ϧʱ޷ʯԣһգҵ֮УӵԷ򣬸ֶΣһһʩչ
̫ˡ
ⷢһʺƣԺӣɱ˶ȴû뵽ʧһˣһжɾң
ԪλҶȰѴֱ޽֮УƷһλҶȽҪȡãֱӷ㣬˷Ѿʰһ顣
Ľ׵Ԫ񡭡Ľ׵ǿ
ҶȷһץŮʿʬ˲ҶǰĽʬ壬ǴǱ𵤡ԪˣüֱӶᣬתޣҶȲ޳תޣǲѵزûа취İ취տҡ


174 ѩͻ
ԪҶȲǵһθ£ǵڶΣһΣҪȴĽԪ
ԺŮӵԪѱ̫Ĩɱ־ʣµľһû˼άԪ̺ԺŮһкۼ
Ԫ񲻵ҪõԺйҲҪõԺ߼еɼȫݴ½κɡ
ҪǿҶңҶ࣬ǿʵʵԴڹ½ԭ򣬾ƿķˣҪΪʿȥţ
¢Ť־ɣĺǺٵģֻ֪иɲ˷գֳɣǾԴڵӹ
Ҷȡ£ҾҪʵƣܲԷ⣬־ѣ
˼ż壬ҶкżȻȫں˴ǧͼͼ飬书ܣȴһҲʹãԾԭΪʹôǧͼͼֻǴռѣû뵽ԽʱգâǣԺΪãҪǰΣ֮أǾͺĪ
ڶԼ״һҲ˽⣬һʲô⡭Ҳֵ֪¹ǣˡʵڣȫɾͷʱҴһ֮УһҪͻɾɾͷ鵽½½ҪظʱҸ޴ɲأ
ߣȱ״֮󣬻صŶʬ壬ٳžѣҰʬд󲿷ȡ֮ٽ᰷ڣʱ᰷һ֣ͬһţ᰷ھͳʧȻ½ԴñԴ֮һɾͷҲû취ƣ̫ƽҲȥλ
Ԫ񣬶ᣡ
뵽üޣ˷ѣҶ̼ԪԪѾԶһɾﵽһסˮ׼һöû־ĽԪ񣬲£ֻҪһЩʱˡ
ԭŮҲӵ˵ˣһޡãҶȾͿʼԪекۼԺŮһоҶȶ̩λԼԺֲҶȶһһա
رעԺϣÿԺͳͬģѧȼԺɾ𲽣һ׵ףʥѧ׵ʮףʼѧͨ쾳ѧҲһͨһ׵ףѧͨ׵ʮףѧ
ѧȼƶȣݸɲ࣬Ӧݴ½ģԺȼƶȣɾǿʼͨ쾳ƺҲǾͷʥѧʼѧѧѧȼɭϣҶȺա
ԺѧʮϽԺѧÿһʱ䣬ҪϽһʯҪΪԺɲͬ񣬱䲻ͬ۹̵λֻǴӣսֻǽĳʱӶżȵȡ
ԺҲȻѧ⽨һ۹һɣȻͨ쾳ѧӵоͨѧſԣɾȥַӾͻᱻ˽𣬶ȡѧҲԺñԺ죬ܵǿҲҪ˼ԺԺ֮ϣλ棬ҲܱԺͳ
Ժһͳӵ֮־Ҫһѧȥάͳ֮һλǿˣдԺʵõѧᱳѣĸѧôţҲ˵Ķ֡
Υ֣ôԺͻ־ɱ̩λγ̩Ҳ֮־Կ
ܿݴ½ҲСԹų˲ɷ˴ڣֲݴ½򵥣Ժ޷ǿռݴ½֮Уһ̺˶ԿɵĴڣôҪռݴ½ЩܣҲܷɣ죬ڤڤ֮жҺвҪնɱ
ڻкۼ֮УҶȵԪ񣬲ǿ󣬵˼ҲڳԪѾҪҶһС
͡
ͻȻһǿת춯أżռǿнңҶ͵۾ѩһʥϵĽ׹â֮УҪͻƣ죬ͻһ춯أ
΢ңʥʴȣĿңңҵ졭
ѩһ̣ͻȻһʥԣÿһֳ֮Χʥ⣬͸ǿһ֣ңЩǿʥ⣬⣬
һʥ⣬֮УǾã˯ʥӣԾа֮ŮĽ٣Ȼ已̥ѩ
˿̣ѩʥ⣬Ȼ¿ռ䣬ҶҲɣԪ֮⣬ֹͣһУҶȸʥȻʥҵ̫Ȼв࣬ҲǸ߼ʱղеҵ̫ɼѾ죡
ڵ֮򣬺ܴûһ˿ʣʥȻУĳжɵģ֮򣬿һת֮壬ִ˵еǵһμ˼飬صеĳ磬ͻõǰһдУһǰ־ѣͻµľ磬ĳɾֲͣԺҪǿеõҪ֮򣬽һǰѣͿ˳ǰΰ䣡
һ˲䣬Ҷʥ֮ƺܵѩļƺһ̣Ϊһ塣
й켣ǰǰ˰Ŷ˼ȥôпܱ˶ᡭ
ٿ
ȻҶһμһ̫⣬һ̫ⲻ̫ͬ壬־Ҷ̴ѩ֮УѩΧǿʥȻֵ̫⣬̫ܵ⣬ѩʥȻȸԾ
㡭ʲôҵҪ߳ǧ򱶡ѩͻȻѣԪҶȹͨ
Ҷһƽĵҵģղľһ̣ҴУܵһ˿־Ťһת֮壬ǰµĹ켣ȥУпٴηԺ£ҵ֮У̺ɷʥ־־־õӶתӦÿ֮˹켣ı䣬ҵʥϣֻˣָ
һ֮ѩͷŸҫ۵ʥ⣺ȷں־ҵȷҵڸı䣬ڱ仯ҵת֮壬ѾܣĳЩ˵ҵȥǳɵĹؼҵǰһǳ˵ã˿ӣ
ھ̫ͣﵽɻͨ쾳ǰ临գ˴ﵽ۷ʱһֱˣͻ֣һоͺ˵Ҳǰı㣬ڵ㣬ıǰıδ㴴һ޿ܵδѩ̹ȻҶкƽƽƺγϰߡ
һжҪлл㣬Դ㣬ҵ˾ӣҵڻֵõһöĽ׽𵤣մĴˡˣҪͻɰأ
ѩ˵ԪջأͻȻΧǿʥ⣬ʼȻ壬ʮͣʥ⣬Ұޡ
ء

ãѩһȣһȦȦǿʢĿʥ⣬ըһʱžһ飬ͻһ̣ԪԶ塣
ɾѾﵽһľ磬Ԫʱ޿̶ڽ壡ҶȿⷬĽĺܡ
أ
ѩһΣɢʥ֮Удһ˿˿ɫʣҳһһȦȦɫʥʥ⣬һ˿˿ɫâһͬƤڻһԭ̫죬ɵġ
ŨܼҶĿɿڴɾȵɾ߼ʮҶһʿһ类֧顣
ĵȻһӵеĽϢһ򱶣ת壬֮򣬱ͨ쾳Ҫǿʢɾ޵ý𵤣˵¡ҶȾڴš
ͻأѩѾȫѱ䣬ǰǱŮǧ֮⣬ڣͷŵĵϢκ˸ܵһǿʢĸ߹󣬵һоϢ˸߼Բ˼䡣
ҶĿһ⣬͸ʥеѩһѹ̫һڱȻһĽ׵Ľ𵤲ôģ
ɰأܣȼգ
ѩȻۣͫһʥ棬ʥ⣬ھȻһɻ棬ֻ棬ʥĻƽɫ
һĻҶ֣飬ǿǴеĴڣԴ飬ڣȻӡǰıԴ⿪ӡһͷţܾ𵤣ңҲɾİ֮壬Խɰ
ѩȫȼ֮󣬵֮УͻȻһɫֱӰһлϨ𣬶һŽѩü뵤ʱʱ˸š
𵤡ȻɹʵѾԶԶԽңҲ׵ȼ޵ý𵤣ɼǰжôǿ󣡡ѩɹͻɰأ޵ý𵤣ҶҲܰԪ


175 ʥ
𵤡
ѩۣУȻĮ񣬲Уȴ͸Ÿ߼صϢ¶һ˿ЦݣСѣ޵ý𵤣ҵ˱úŨңҵǧ
㾧ھýȫ㣬ȻѰ񡭡
ѩӨ貵ĺ㾧ٿżոͻƣҪǡżռ㣬ȻգҲںϺ㾧񣡡
漴żΧӿһ̣ŵĵż磬ٰڲƺʧȥ֧ţżҪٻ
żʱգȫİа߲Ŀռ䣬죬˷ӵ·£Ҷȡѩȡ
һǬ
ǲ֪ٸȥҶ͵ͫ⣬һͬĽɫӰںϣƯƵҶȣһߺһ
Ľ׵Ԫû뵽Ԫõѱ䣬ɾͽǿߣ£һʱҵԪ񣬿ܺͻƣֻͻɾ֮󣬲Żѱ䣡
ʬ壬ֻʣɵ֮ҵҵĴǿʢ޵У
Ľ׵֪ɶٱһһλĽǿߣ꾫꣬Ƹ־ﵽͬĵزû٣ɿԻꡣ
ʬ֮УһɳɳĮɾȻԼõϴӵĽװĴ߼
һ̣ˣ֮ҵʵٳ߸ͷһﵽһ׶Σʮ۷壬಻£
˫찴ʬϷĳһУͷǿŮʿڵ޵֮УҶȸоһů泩߿յĴϢʼɫѪѪ뼡⡢ϸ֮Уֱɢʣ
ǿʢʼѽһһ죬ͨȫһһţɢѪգһһƳ⣬ЩѪնɫˮ
ʱ亣ҶȸоԼй١һжѱ䣬֮ǰȫ̫֮ͬУȻʼһγɷҶȵ̫ͲЩһ̫ɵķһеңһСңɰٱҶȵ˶ķʵһ̣ж١
˿ꡭ
һƽɫָҶȿ֮УȻҲ˽̫еķŽӳָıʣӳ˷Ľͨʮ
ֲɾͷܻռ䣬ԭǵ֮УѾ˷
ӵз֮Ҷȶɾ˽࣬ɾǿߣһʼı壬žԺ󲻶ãǧ򻯡
̬仯ںϲͬ򣬿Բͬžߣ˽ԽþԽԽ
ҪҶȿʼյżͬʱ˫Ҳɾ
ӵɾʵǿߣһͬǿʢĵطҲݽߣȻ˼ӿٶȣϹż֮УĽȻз绯ϵļ̨ʯ¥ֵΪ
ţ
Ҷ˫µŮʿʬ壬ѾֻʣһǣͬʱҶȸоżƺҪ٣ѸʬԨҶվʳѳһ˲䣬ҶȷϤżȻֻʣԶһڲͬļ̨κһﶼΪ˳
Ǽ̨һϷӡ·ԴȪ·϶챦ʱѩƮҶߣѾޣʱҪζ
ǹȥ
˴ɹʶһżͲףһһûб˶żһд
̨Ϸʱƺϵļ̨ӵ޵еڴʱĥ£ѾʧȥյĹԣɾ޴ļ̨ʼΪٶԽԽ죬ͬʱһ˸Ŀâǰ
⡭ѩˣⱲӣмôࡢ󷨵
Ҷ֣ͬһ¼ôʵڲ˼飬һɵĴ󣬴ֱʣټ̬УԶŵϢӣ㿴һƺۣ
Ϊɵӣѩʶ˽һЩǼƺڲӦԶżĹʥ

ڴ˿̣ż̨ȫʧƯŽټȻҲ̨һڿʼ绪
⡭̫ϧˣ⴦żжãΪ˳һӦôʮ겻⣡ѩ̾
һΪ˳ʮԽڣ绪ٶԽֻʣʮʱ绪Ҷȡѩ𾪵ǣЩ绪֮ӡǣȻһȥеǼ
ѩҶפãԶŴȻŷ룺ԶŲǿߣǼΪһ߼Բ˷ôһ󣬿ϧԶŲĺˣδЩң
ΧϧѾߣֻʣһӣһһ룬ѡɣǼӦһ֮ӦԣԶѡˣҶֱ˵Լ롣
ѩͷһֻʣʮһǼ͸ѩʼѡ۹⣬ʣҶȴһ̫޽䡣
ˡ
ʧһ̣ƺûӳ֣ΧǲƮʼһһ߽⣬䣬󣬳һθߵĹϵλѮߣ߾֣һȨȰ
һɳ尵ɫͼڣȨ֮һֱһߵڶˣͷ­һƽʨͷݵĽɫס
ʥ̣
ҶȨȶ·عϵ壬壬ݴ½ֺƣѷֱ档
⴦żһԶ޲żֻûֻ޲ʥģǷԶһ㶼Խ˺еӽ˽ټԣǿ󣡡ѩʮõʥ̣ǰѾ˵˭Ե͹˭
Ҷʮִ󷽣ѩ룡
ȥѩԼڲڷʥΪ˲䳯ʥȥ
䡭
ʥâʥ̲ӣʥ̴һΰһԶŴںХֱɢʥѩҲǵŵŵϳ֮ɫ
ӣȻԣҲ˶Եˣѩʥ֮ʧˣҶڴһ̫
̫ʥ̣ӹ󣬾Ȼûһ˿ų⣬ңҶȷ̫ʥ̳Խȥһ֣ʥ̶ʱɢĿ⣬ŷ֮һɳʥ̣Ϊһ׳̣ƮҶȡ

оڲƺйɺǿ־ǿӣСҾͲˣҶһץסʥ̣оһԶŵǿ־͸Żλ
ѩ˿Ҳֻ΢΢ʣһ㽿ǵԵȻģȻõղңǿҲȡ
ԺŮӴ䣬õһ˼Ҷȸʥ̣ż룬Ȼʥ̫֮䲻ų⣬ҶȾͰʥ̴̫¯¯ںϡ
ѣջǷ򡭡а취ٴԽȥ𣿡ѩżҪ̮ϹżҶǰʵ
Ҷȿɲôǧͼͼ飬ҡҡͷʧܣͨҲδȫ򣬲ʹã´ξͲ֪ȥĸռ䣬ȥһߣӦд֮ڵģ
ȳȥҪ̮ˣ
ѩͷһסҶͬʱ·̴¡¡ŵżռ䣬ʼһһһԶĳ˯Զû˴Ƭž֮ء
ˢˢ
Ҷȡѩ̳棬գΧǵǿӶ򣬸оǿʢѾΪһûԵĲɼһգ֮ٴλָԶĻΪһʯɡ
ǰǧһʢĵطӦһǳأ۹̣ҽȥһСģʵ۹⣬һһҵģѩջԪ񣬺ݺݵ˼Ҷȣ֪ҶԸ˵Ϊ˭Ҳֹˡ
ӰűǣҶȽѹԼǿƣΪһɾʿһѩǳء


176 
ǧٿףûûϣͿյĵر˻ĮҶգȴһС򣬱ĺ󼸱Ѿɺܳʱ䣬ڿ쵽Դݽߵĵز
һݽߣͻᱻãã֮УǼʷ籩ʳΪʯΪһɳ
ģҶȸоϢϢϢ΢ħϢҲ
̣һڷ绯ΪɳĮİǳأ޾ĮУ˵ǳǳأ˵һ³ǳأΪǽǳķפʿͳͳһɫ۹ʿ
ǳڲԶԶȥһĳǳأȻǣȴӵв̷ʿһҪҲ̷ӰӣдʿҪƷ
ЩʿȻݴ½һɶͨʿɰϣǶӳĽ죬ɾװʵһƷì嵶Ҳˮ׼
£ҶѩǶ֮У࣬һˣ󲿷̷̶ֶӣҶȰΧһǳû֡
һٿƷʯһʿֳʮ־ҵذÿʿϽʯһ顣
һٿƷʯλ򣬳ھƷʯҪݴ½ƷʯʮһƷʯһٿƷʯҶѩǰչ涨óٿʯϽȥ
һ̣ҶȲⷢʿĿԼѩǳ֮ڣȻв˿ܹ
ǽ㣬Щ˲⣬һţרһЩʿ֣ʿ۹๤Ůʿ۹ǼԺ
ѩ˵ҶͶȥһ˵񣺡ЩֶʮֱӣǱͼ½򣬶һ֣еŽݴ½𼸸ţһλǰ֣ȥһѣ
ҶȵһЦǺǣãû˸ΪȻоɱͲù˼ɣ
㡭ѩǰûʶҶֶΣڼʶˣ֪˵óɵõұκֶζҪѩᵽսҲٸƽʲôʱЩˣȴǸɱ
ū͵ūߵū
ֵȫˣӷūֵҩʲôУľūٲȻһūг
һĴϣǧūū׳ʵǳʿһЩħûнʥҲһǽʥȫ˳ߵĿڣһ֣һɫŮʿеūū˻ǾӪ֡
ÿһū˻ħľ޹⣬֪ܵ˻ĥоȻûŮūһãȻΪȴûŮʿǱȷ˻Ĵڣ˾ġ
ѡūˣɾͷ󲿷ʿȻ۹ʿūҪǮģ̷ҲǺǵģһ֯ôҵ۹⡣
һɡһɰŮʿ
ڰһ˫˫ɭɭ̰۾һֱڰҶѩЩУȻҲʿӰӡ
ŮʿӦò֪ĸɵӣû棬âǣŮʿ۸񲻷ƣȥҲƷʯģ
мʿһ·棬ͬʱ֪ͨˡ
žž
ģʵ㣬
ڲ࣬ʮ̷ڿŶʮūЩūһ˺ֽۣŽԱһֹīɫסǿƣ̷һȳ⣬ŵ߳ӣվŵȿѡ
ӣкܶ۾ڶǣһβ֣ˣЩˣ̰ĺܣӣҪЩںϣڻ۹ʿѲߣӦòڳǳض֣
ѾںһƾĽףҲԿ⣬׼𣿡
ǵǼʥѾԶΪ󲿷ְѾգ㿴
һĬĬţҶѩע⵽һ˫˫Ŀ⣬ÿһԪ֮Уͬʱͨںϣʱ׼ѪսһҪԵĵˣɣһˣ׺ɾͷ׺ĵš
ҰɣҲū
Ҷѩո̷ǰʱɫһ䣬Ϊ˵һݵԣ̩λ棬Ȼ࣬ÿطһЩϸ΢ͬ
ҶתԴȥƺһʶĸоȻҶĿסĿʱһ䣺Ңֵܡ
˳ҶĿ⿴ȥڶʮūУͷر׳˶Ĵ󺺣һƤ̷޴һϣҶȿƬ̾ϳǰ˳ݳʱҢֵܣʱһپƣ˵ĺϣҶ
ѩƳһۣʵôˣӦʿʿǺܶ࣬ˣƺͨʶ
ˣڵ¹ǿݳʱңʱ˸окܴв뿪˵¹ǣû뵽ȴ˵ūףҶӦ׼Ⱦȳ˵
ѩܵҶȼ飺ݴ½Ҳв̶ӣٰг䵱˷ӣӦþЩµ֣Ҫô죿ʯʣɲ֣ܶ
ӷģҲҶȲûʧȥǣҶȵ飬ȸҢֵܴȥһ
ţ
޴ҢֵܣͻȻ໥ɻ󡢻ɵؿű˴ˣͻȻӰٿһˣǼ̼Ҳٷʵվŵͷ
̷Ҷǰܣλ͵ūѡ
ҶһȦ̷ǰʵ͵ūλ٣
̷ЦеĿҶȣУҶѩĸɴС㣬û棺Ƕʵˣ۸ͣҲߣֵһ͵ūһǧƷʯ
ߣʵѽҪūǧ壬ֻۣܳҶȲɵӣȻ̩λ棬ƷʯȻ
úããɽ̷һΪ룬֣һڶ
ҶȷһץǧٿƷʯ˲̷ǰ̷ץУһɨȻһ֣˽⿪ҢֵֽһҶҲû˵˿סˣǳڼ
Сǿ˸٣ɲõˣǸ̷Цеü°иҶȺ󷽡
ʳ¥ȥ
Ҷѩڽֵ˲ԶѡһҲʳ¥УҪһҶȷʳ¥ˣԱʿΪʣһ֣˾Ӷࡣ
ѩһ֣Ңֵ˿ˢˢʧҢ̵ֵҶȵ棬ͷĵлҶСֵֵܾ֮ΪҲСֵܰǰ󣬸ԸΪū

һǿ˲˸ûһ˿ҢֵĿɿڴһɻǰҶȣǲǼǰڿݳײҶȣǼУҶȲǵصߣڣλһ֣޷ΰ
Ң硢Ң硢Ң磬ڿݳǾ¥˻λ磬һȾʹÿ⣬ʱλ磬ǰҶȸмѣҶУλ磬ԼˣǧҪ֣֮ţջұλҲӲҶҢֵǰϵ˵һԷθĻҢֵᡣ
ҶҢֵ£ѩһʱСҶȵ˲ٲˣСʯСѣС̬ȱø飬æܿˡ
ҶҢֵȺˮָ󣬹ʵλ磬ڿݳǣ֪ٴУǲץǵˣ
ֵ°˷֣ȷʱѾ̶Ӱβ棬뿪¹ǲãֵܣǶ֣ǰâǣҢ˵ֱĥȭ߳жȴⷬزκˣԹ
ҢҲâǣղһ·̷Ǽ»
Ҷ󣬸˼ѹ飬ӻһЦ޷λģһ£Ҫ취صݴ½ǿ֪ںδ
ҼǵþﲻԶżǸѾ۹ռ죡Ң
ãŵҩʺɾλȷ£СһʣҶ̴Ӵ֮УһҩɽѡҢֵʺϵĵҩóöݸˡ
ⵤҩ
Ңֵܸոմҩ͸оһȵϯֵԥһᣬҶͷȻһһ£ʱ䣬ֵ˲Ȭڱڣָǹɱըо


177 ɱķ
ⵤҩʥҢֵһһۣڵɣ
͹ٴˣǵĲһṦСʹżѾߣһΪʳ
ˣСҪ뿪ʱҶȴס־ʮƷʯСһ˻ҶȰʯϣûϽϣСǴˣҶǰˣʲô֪ģСһ֪޲ԣ
ãʳ¥·ǲ̷ڰжǣҶҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱ˵ص㡣
ͨмڰжŴˣСҪСģЩ˿ɲ򵥣е̷еǵӪйᣬʲô˶ҶɱԽСС˵
ĴںηشʿжˣΪСóʮʯϡ
С۾δô󷽵Ŀˣһ־ƷʯڶϷʮﴦؾˣжӳʮˣСˣнһˣӳһΪСɶףнףȻʵرǿһսģͻ󽫡˧˧˧ǿǶǸ߽ɾͷҾӪиսʮ󷨶ȣ鷳ҲԻ߼ǮӪֱΪǿ·Щ̷ٴҲֱӽа壬۹һּһΣ
Ӫ·۸ܸ߰ɣҶ룬ʵ
СƺԾӪߣݺ˵ǵȻЩн󽫣һھ򣬲СƲǻЩǮ鷳
ҶȳĬƬ̣һѩȻһĮҶȵһ⣬âǵݴ½Ҫδͣ
ֻҪһΣâǾݴ½Զһѣǧｫʿӱ˵ݴ½ʿΪݴ½˸죬޵۹ϵãֻҪʿͻ⵽޵۹ʿѣСʵʵش꣬Ȼ󲻺˼ҶȣҶȵͷСʮöʯȥ
СĻЩìܣõİ취Ӫǣ۹ϵܾӪ֣ô죿ѩڴˮؿҶȡ
ҶȨңûһð취ûа취İ취Ǹôôô죬۹ȻΪݣЩ̷ȥץˣȻԿݣȻԵ𣬲Ҿõǿûдģߣ۹һΣҪ͵ʴףЩ̷
ҶֵܣֵܿҲﲻ㡭ҢֵʱѾָ״ֻ̬ɵͽʵݴ½֣âǣʲôҲ㡣
Ҷȿ֮ɫҲ˼Цλ磬֮һҵ֮УȻصǳ£ǲõģ
ѩȻҶȣС϶⣬˵ҲЩ˵ĺô˫úôٰ˫趫Է̷϶;ж֣˵ֱ봫ؾӪֶԸǣ
ӲõģʵҲǹһЩ͸¶СЩ֪ƵʹǷɾ裬󣬳Ǵ֮ʣɱһӪҲҪ룬ǾͱҲһˣ
ҶɱڣȻһתӦò߽ǿߣӪнҲףǿףֻҪסƬ̣Ҿٴʩչͨ
Ҳֻһ·ߣҪ۹Ժ϶۹ͨ񡭡ѩ뵽ҶֶΣһա
ʲôˮڣһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫Ҷ˵꣬ʼҢֵܺȾƣҢֵˣҶҡҡͷڹȥ
ѩԵĺ٣һֱԪķɲҶǰ㰲ȣһ鶼Įĵģ
λ͹ߣ
֮һ뿪ʳ¥һʱ䣬вβ棬ƺڴע⡣
ڳתһҶѩЩ˲ע⣬̰Ңֵ֮У֮У֮ǰʣµħһЩֵУ̫̫ʥ˸޷ա
޺֮ǣЩˣʵڿɶǳǰɣ
˵ʲôҲû֣ƽ뿪ưܳǳأ뿪֮˷ֱǱβ棬һ̷һˣɱڣһͷѪ¾֮ÿЩһɱĵ
һݣӶߡ
УڻߵĻĮϿգҶ΢΢ѩǸĺý⸽оѲߣ룬Ӧûǰ֣ڴǳ֮䣬ΪΪ£
һ̷ʵһףһһˣһλףĽףʣɶףǿƴʵƴѩü˵쳣䡣
ˣҶôҲƾʵսʤǣҶսɶףο⻹ջףֻ·һ˭ҪӲƴߣҵֲ˾͵ϮҵĿǿߣȽҽˣٳˣ
ֻҪĽףһ£Ҷһ٣ɱ
Ͱƻ졭ҶһĨЦɱ¶Ҷ˵Ѽ죬ζɾͷպܴ󣬲ǰʮ㡣
Դɡ
һƬѩͻȻʩչ㾧㾧ӵ˴½ԴâǴ½ֹ͵㹲Լѩͷź㾧󣬰סҶȣʧŤıԴʱ֮С
ƬʱգЩ쳣âԴݽߣ󣬴׼֣ʮɵ̷ŤʱգǷҢֵܵһ̷ǿ̶ǿߣȴûͬУһɣȺ㹻ʵôԸģҶѩ
ȻһְˣͷߣǸ׾޺ϵǵ̶̣ЦһŮӣǴŮ˭ץ˭ģģˣϷ
ã̶ͷͷӦ
̶ţȻƺһ䱾ʣײеӶߣ̶ֻûеôײУĿ̶ӶøֵߣΪΪȴֲܵѹ
ţ
˫ʮˣٶȷŤʱգŤռ֮ʮֳ˫ǿûģһԭУҶѩϣӵɸ߽׵ͨ
̽Ťʱ֮ͻȻϢòһʥ࣬ǿʢʮλɣ˲âǸţһнɫ߼Ϣʥ˲˰ΧȫâǸ
ҲżѣͿˣʲôϷ̶λǿ˿塣
򣡡
һ̣һӳֽ٣˫ѶʮλɣƿӵпɵͻȻ٣ǿ߸оס
һ
Ҷѩռƻϣ˫ˣʱҶȼһһ׵ǿ߷Լȫ˫ǧͼͻȻ֮ڵǿϿգ߶ǧͼͼ˲ƿڵͬȫߡ
ϴ󡭡
ʣˣǿߣͻأʧһɫ˲䣬Ҳǳصģ꾫ܵǿһ·
ԣҹ򣡡
̶λͷһ˫ͫ⣬ÿҪףҶǿ򣬾ȻҪֵס
Ȼʲô
˶ʱ֣һһʱ䣬ʮƺϾҪ顣
ɾͷʵǺˣҶȵ򣬵õ˵һӳ֣ȫԽɾϴĽ׵򣬿˵ǿɶףڣһλλɾͷǰһι顣
ƻĽ
֧飬ʣһ֮ʣȻգһʮɵľɫֱնգλ̶ͷǿնȥ
찡ǡ̶ͷоϢʵڹ죬תһŵ˫ȷǰı赲̺˸߼ԼһУڱǰʵС
͡
ֲһڻζɫĽ壬ֱն̶ͷͷ­ԪҪߣͱ֮еĽ˲Ĩɱһͷʬȡʧ
ǡ
ҿ칥ӣʣǿߣǿߣλ̶ͷһоǱɫһһƷʺܸߣʮֹϵ
̩λ治Ѽݴ½ɶӵһǣƷʶǺܵͣϹţһЩǲȱȫһƷָߵֻ̩λԺһЩͨ쾳ǿߣƿأһɣȻӵһ߼һնɱףʣЩǿߣ˭սľ


178 ɨһ
ɣʮǧһٸɣҲǿ߶֣һɣȻնɱǿߡ
ݡ
ʮǿߣŵһ亹뱻ôϢնɱʩչǿһȫһʥ
ΪӵصȼӦ򡭡򣬵ʥǣҲھҲƺҲ֧Ų˶á
ߣ˵Σ
ʱһʥ⽵٣ŵˣĿ۹â֮У߳һλŮӣѩһһɳľɫɽؾһ㣬ɢϵǿϢ
ұ£һɣӵΣˣǿɣɱ
˿̣š̶Ӿۼһʮͷųǿһ纣˷籩Ļѩȥ
ٿ
ѩһڻһ̣˲ʧ۵һ纣˰ķ籩˲ʥ˺һӣ
ꡭ
⣬ѩǱس֣һһѪڴʱСΪͽ׵ǿߣѷ죬˳ӡ
ʮһûߣЩ˶ɶסǿߣѩˣֲһϾҪ飬Щ˾Ȼѩע⣬һ̰ײеѩ
ɶ񡭡ôɣֻ赲һΣһΡѩеʮǿ߶ڣѾļޣҪ֪ɰضѡ

ͻȻʮһ׼֮ʱϿճһֱֲӰֱͬߣʧ
ʥ̣𣡡
ͬʱ̶ӳԱ֪ôһ֮䣬գҶȵĸߴӰֳֳʮɵʥֱ̣ӳλɶǿϮУʥͷԶž޵ϢƺҪȡա

ǿߣʥͷŵĵ׳׾֣׷׼ǿɱԴϿգǾµĲҶȣʥ̣ȫԸģҲʥ̡
䡭
ʥһ̣ŷһԶžǿ߱ԴϿգз˲䱻ɢǿߣȻʥ̣ҳ࣬ͬŽ𵤣Ҳ˲䱻飬Ҫ֪𵤿ʮּӲģԶӲʮһʥһ£˲
Ǻģǰ񼦵ҶȾʥ̣û뵽ǿᣬֻǺܿϧɽ𵤣Ҫ֪Ҫ߶پ硣
ѩ˿ջɽͷһɹľԼʱ򣡡
ӣͿôԸʣЩסĽסǿߣ
Ҷʾѩģ룬ʥ̣ƺԴУҪĸоϴǧͼͼѹôˣȻˣͷųն˵
ٿ
Ҷɭɭ˵֮÷һ㣬׵ĵ̿׼㣬ƴӷǧͼͼ£ӳŻգɳգǾһ̣ѵȴʱոߣˡ
䡭䣡
Ҷʥ¶һ裬ûдˣ˻ǱʥǿƸɨУ˲䱬ըֻʣŽ𵤡
ӣ
ʩչĶ֣ץסŽ𵤣Ҷ̳ѩȥڻָʵѩż򵥣˵࿪ģβָܻʵٴͻҲпܡ
÷ǧͼͼôǿߣУɴʣһˣȫɱ˱ǣһڽϣһΣ֮޷ôǧͼͼ鷳ˡ
˵Ҷȷǳ̰ģѵʣȫڣ
ٿٿ
¶㣬ǿ߷ɳգ³һ屬ըΪ飬ŽȴҶץס̫¯֮С
ֻʣˣȻЩ޷ӴǧͼͼߣǿߣɱίʵϧҪš᰷½ΪУ̫΢ˣ
Ҷϸϸһ룬ǵҪǿԮòץɾͷնɱʵڿϧҶ̰ʥָ̽һЩѩ̳ȥղ˼ˣ⼸һϻȥͨ籨ţʱ̶ˣɾǸ߽ɣҶȣҲܽǿĵˣֻʩչǧͼͼٴδ󣬵ʱͲ֪ǵĸ
̫¯ڲ޿ռ䣬ȼŷ棬ȵ̫һգôǧͼͼɹѵʣ˽Уһץסʥ̣ض˺ȵղųȥˣ̶ˣҵնɱһǶƣͿ˲ɱǣ

УΪĽ׵ǿߣһλŵø£ͷģңң
һɶѣСϣñ㵱ūԱǸĽǿߣȻмҶһ
䡭
ոձ죬ʥ̳ȥһǿƣҪɨȥʣಿȥ
ղŽĽǿߣ˲ץס𵤣ý¯
ꡭ
ĵĽǿߣλͷʥѪһֱûжݵĵͷһ̣ҲҶȳ˿־壬ʥ̣
ףΪߣκεطҲһǿߣǰĪǾҲʸ񣿡ޱĵ
ɣ㣬Ҳǻ𣡡λ״󺺣ϵ̣ˣ֪ɱ˶ˣһѪ¾֮ʵ졣
̧ۣΪףʲôҪɱ㣬ָӣǿõõķϣҲ㶯ڽǣˣɱһһڶɱǰڼӣȻҾĨɱ־𵤡ԪһжᱻҶüͷһһֱ̫Ӵǧͼͼ˲״󺺻ۣһ־˲䱻Ĩɱһû˼Ļˡ
ʣһˣǿߣǸݵˣ˸оǸʵȴʮǿҶǰͷģңʲôԸɣ
ͷãһӴԺҪңڴ֮䣬ҪԪҵӡǣԸ⣿
⡭Ը⣬Ը⣡ʵû취ܱãԷֶΣ飬ȵҪ£ԪӡԪԪӣҲܷһҪӡĨɱԪԶ޷
ݡ
˷ֿԼĽ׵ǿԪҶʩչطӡַ̫ԼԪһӡֲԷԪ֮С
ˣӴΪЧѣˡܵԼԪһ޷ӡһʱʧȥһв뷨ʵʵ¡
ջ˫֣Ҳɱ֮ˣɱˣҪɱҵˣʵʵΪҰ£ҲǲܻɣϾ֮䣬û𣬵㶯ɱͷƾһ㣬ҾͿɱ㣡
ĻƢԣȻѡ˹ҵĻţҪ֣Ϊֵ̫ãһúЧ
ɣ
һ֣һǿһͬ뿪̫¯򣬷¾Ҫõ㣬뿪âǣͿ
ǣˣʵش
ಣ
һΪһŻ棬ʧ֮С
û뵽ڸˮȴĽֵزУ񣬵뵽Ҷǹͨܽ׸֣һҲˣҷûӡ
ǰɽ֮ϣǴ󣡡
磬ҶѩһУڿһɽɽΧǾ죬ҲʿѲߡ
Ҷ̴ӣ²ù˼ô࣬ӪнΪշһԱĽǿߣ
Ŷ
ѩƷӦ󣬵ģȴǼǧˣĽװĸɣһ޵дڣȻҶһշ˵ȥ̩λը


179 ʸ
ĳɳίʵ£水˵治ʮ꣬޵˵زѩΪݹӣÿţ֪һţ죬ۺϸҲҶ졣
˵ľӪ
ɽ֮Уʱ۹ѲʿҲ˵ͷΪһɽѲʿҶȡѩɽȥ
ǿǴ󣬴ÿһ󶼾ۼ˴ʯԼıʯҪһѴҲˡԽɽԽ㣬ҶѾܴɽΧ
ɽ壬ȻһƬԭڲԭģһģһ޴ʯɵ󣬶Χʮʯ¥⻹һʯ
ӣӶʣĽǿȥƷʯڼǿߣСආͽ£ɣ
һ޵ӰҶڷɳֻһƣ̬ǾӣҶӣʩ
ҶȵҪȡӪÿ˶ãܲɱͲɱһ˷㶮ģ
ˣСףش㰵ƳһѩоѩƺһǱڵĿ룬̥ͣʵȴǿ졣
ѩλӵп׵ǿߣ˲߳ΧѲʿѾֶһˣЩ죬ɾҪǰ̲ʱһҶȷɳ̰һѲʿһץȫƷҶȣ̳ķȥ
һʮѲ߶ӣڼ䣬ȫһһܻ񣬹֮УЩʿɰصʮأҶȿɲ˷һ֧սӶľӡ
Ǵ̶ӾλڽˣԺ죡
ʯڣʱ˴ˣʮ׵ĽʿϷһλ˵꽫죬˲ʮ꣬üۣüӥӥһ
꽫ǾӪнһΪףΪºպսҪнҪսſԵλá
۹ϲ㣬ʮֲҲ֪һЩˣĿƵ۹ҫϲز̶ӣ̶˶£պâǣǿԳͨ裡꽫쵭ĵ
лʸҵȾһǣվؾƱ꽫ơ
ʸһЦ

ڼ˸ովٱһ̣еȻŤʸ̶Ӹ֣ҲЩ룬âǣ۹Ӫ˸Ҷ۹ְɡ
Ȼ뷨˶Ͻöۣһһվʸ䳯С֣СС嵶һȥ˲䣬Ķʲô쳣ôԲܶԸĴڡ
ݡ
ڴ˿̣ͻȻŤΣʯƺһŤʱգգ۾һЩаʯȻƯա
ˡ
ʸһǶδֻ˵ԷΪҪߣ̷ɳʯһͼǰѩĮȻעǡ

̶ͬʸһˣһʱϳԷʲôˣȻǻʸӦöйڣȻ֣㣬ʸôҲ벻ͨѵһССŸҶԾӪ֡
ʸ֪û߳һȵ㵨󣬸ڴ˵£Īų˼
Ϣޣǵһ֣һܸоǿ󣺡ʸɣ㶯֣ȷʵҵı⣬ѾǵŵˣΪŶҵնɱֻʣһˣұ־ȣǸҷҲȰòҪ
ˣĪʸ֪ûƭûҪ֪ôǾֱӵ۹ܵͨ
㡭ӵӣ
ʸɸո˵꣬ȻˣĿŻʸɿϢСעѩϣƺݺ˽⣬һ۾ϳѩװ硣
ѩĮĵҵȷӵӣǷҲһ̶ӣ۹ݣ
һССɣʲôʸȻĽף֣סܣĽУֻһˣ̶ߣǸͫĺ
̶ӣָʸɣʸɣԻңñúܲң
ٿ
ȻһӰս䣬ˣһۣɢ΢Ϣ
̹ʩ񣺡ˣѾףЩҪô˷Ը
òҺ⣡
Ҷȴӹâ߳½ѩһۣĮȻˣĿ̶ͣһ̣ҶȾ͸ܵϢֿʸɣ˾ǾӪн졭
ɵ˰ɣһʮأˣˣһɱһ򣡡̶ˣҶȵĳ֣һЦ˶ǡ
ҹ
һ̶ִֻץ̰ץģȻҶһӣ֮ҶʩչĶ֣Ҷʵȫ޷һƷסǿߡ
㡭˴ʱûƢԣ˼𾪵ĴҶȡ
λ磬Щ˾ͽǴã
Ҷ߸ϵˣˣһӣʱҢֵܴ֮зɳһˣҢֵܶʱɱڣ˹ϵͼڡ
͡
ǿ£Ҷȵ֮Уλ˱ڰװױնɱȻҢҢҢˣһҿѪģȻǿߣ緲һһҽһ˽һˣǣûܾȵǡ
ʸɵȽ죬һĻҲ̲סݣɱˣҲͷضѣҢֵܣȴǳ㣬ԭʼ̵İһ
Ҷָһ棬ɲ֫˲գʸɣǣڱѡֻѡЧңһݣԸ⣬ȻŹǣӪʿ
ô۹֪۹жǵı󣬻ԺʸУƺһ־ҲûУƽľҶѰ졣
ҶȰѻʸټĴݾ۵ףĵ۹ԺõһӶѣһ۹ҲһʲôֵΪݴ½ȻСԹԺδбȻһԭѵҺһ۹ǸңҲǵɹԼ£ĺãõͣ´󹦣һָɣҲΪӣҲɣԿǣһԸ⣬ھɱǣ󻼣۹ҪץңҾȥ޻أ
ˣλС죬ҶֶΣɱ˶գ۵ǲξҲΪûȥ·ûпɽ˴Ժһɶǣ뵱Ӫ󲿷Ϊ棬˶ѡ
һʸɵĲ£ȻҪΪǿǡʸֻһ仰͸ƽ˼λ졣
ɣ
ʱҶȷһץһȺȺھеʿգȻٶˣϻʸɣһӪˡ
ʿʸɣϣͳͳ¹ɽӰĸߺμнˣ
Ҷа֧ӺмɣŽᣬнҲЩ죬Щʿŵֵز
ǡ
ʸһΣҡҡͷͫ޾ŷսϣսӰӣãһ֣תҶȣѪıȭӽ֧Ӫͽ㣡
ҶȺܸˣջǱסӪȫնɱʵڿϧʶʱΪܣҲɱ֮ˣ
ˣʸɿɲ򵥣Իʸңʸҿǽ˧ң֪ĽֻϧʸڲǰȫɱֻʣʸһˣǴţƽһ£ȻҶߣĵ
ŶֲøоǸнǻʸڲͬһͳԭԽ˧ңֲãҶ̾һҲܲԻʸԪӡһӣһĨԪӡʸ¡
ʸûзԪӡСԪ֮УɶסһСӳҶȶûг֣Щˣǰˣؼ˶ʸɵĻĴԡ


180 
ʸھ㿪ͨݴ½Ĵ󡭡
ȡӪһ˳Ҷȥ˳ڴϷŵ֮Ҷȿʸɡ
ʸһ֣ʿ봫룬ҶѩҲУʸһطӡǴнֻϲ֪󷨵ӡ
𣡡
һǿŻʸͫԼ봫󣬶ʱɽŷһҶȿʱճһͨͨͷѾܵݴ½Ϣ
ߣ²˳٣ӵôʯʯһҪȡҲܸ۹׷ɱǵĿܣ
ʱͨһ̣˸оҪһ˲䣬ҶͻȻһĶ֣ǿİȡơ
ৣ
޵ĹҫͬٶˣһʱͨշȥһŤľޣɿռ䣬ߴһ籩嫵ÿһʯҶȸоûͨᱻһʯɱȭͷСʯǺΰ
ٿ
ݴ½һɽ֮Уһ⻪ƿս䣬⻪ɢȥʱҶȡѩһ˳ڴϡ
ݴ½Ȼ㣬ȴһ׵ĸоʸɾŹϵݴ½ȻΪ͸ݴ½
ҶȾţǰʱȥʱ䣬ֻʣһ꣬һ֮ǱᣬδᣬҶкܱҪμӣҪǿȷԺһţӣھ͸ȥͻȪ
ѩóݵͼһɨУڶϷԼ
ʿҵ
ҶȿӪʵЩ㣬һʩչͨȡ򣬽ſٶȣ̫ǼȥϷԶλã
ǣˣʸҶߣ˿ͼλãͷĽ׵ٶȡ
Ľף֮壬ٶȽ٣ͷһƿҶȡѩʸ˲֮Уһԭʧ
ŲƾճһƬӨϿգ˴ﵽԺγɵķ٣ôӭһɻ籩Ľ׵ٶɷɱɡ
ߣ
ѩͻȪλãȷǰҶ̸ϣڴ˿̣ҶѾܵڴ·һԶž޵а񣬵ܹ죬ȴֳס
ʸݴ½Ȼǿߣ·̾ŴޣǴʥмͨ쾳ǿߣһԪϢУǺ˵ģһ𾪣һŴء
ʸȻΪͣңʶԶһܱȵģһ侲¶Ŵ󽫷緶Ϲֻ̩ͳιݴ½֪ݴ½ôصĵط˿һ½ǣÿǿ߶֪ݴ½Ī⣬·пֲĴڣޱȵĿֲ
ѵǳԽͨ쾳ɾ˵ĴڣڻʸɵĻӹɣԽͨ쾳ǾˣĪǣһССλ棬ԭûбͳ죬Ϊ˵Ĵڡ
һȥͻ̩᳹λ棬Ըı̩λ֣ɲǿЦġ
ˣͻȪȪˮȪףأ
ͣգÿˣŲͬ·ԴȻĽ
ͷͻȪеĸǧףеĺͨԸһÿдССʮȪһȥؾһƬȪγһˮĻѤ䣬׳ۣ˲оѪҺҲڷڡ緢
ڰһҶȲâһȦʸɶһѩ׹һ֮Уʧ
һųںߣʮֹϵĴ¡
֣αҶȡ
ʸɡҵһŴɣݵط򣬻ʸóˮ׸֮һݺʵ
ǡ͵غ˿ˮһ㵣أݵľһ̾£渵
ҶΪߣһֶΣǷǳ˵ãʵ¹ϣԵ˴ӲûйҪȻū㿴ūڣҲ룬죡˵꣬Ĭã֮󵭵һЦƵᡣ
û뵽һʸýⲽأΪ˹ʸӸ߰һ۸ڶȴΪƿˣϡ


͸ˮɫĺˮ磬ðҶѩͷγһԼ³ˮԽԽǧٹ֣еˮҲӵһƻ
ˮ磬˸дֲˮľˮݣֱ½شһģһˮ·Ȼˮɫֻס
Ӧÿ쵽ײڵײһӡΪ˲ݾߣú㾧ǱСһ³ڿһĻѩҶȼٶȣôѼƻҶȡ
ҶûзԣܸܵӡڵǿϢǿȡĸɣҺܣֻаеȡѩһʥһСӡĤ֮һ𣬾Ȼûκų⣬ѩͷҶȻΪӰС
͡ǿķӡѩʩչĺ㾧͸оӡĦ㾧ӵݱԴȻɷӡ£Ҳơ
ӡ򵥣оȻ̺˽˼飬ֶΣֻ˲еֶΣҶû뵽ӡѣ˺㾧ֲĸɣҺַӡɾͷҲ׽롣
ݴ½ͨ½ĵͨˣطܵõĸɣҺĵط̾ĵġ
ڣʧҶѩһ磬ǰˮ磬ȻһȻ⵽Ǵֵ硣
ݵأҶȸǿʢ˻ɵǲݴ½һ磬֮֮ӣһΪʲô֮أû뵹ǸԴЩǿߣҲһ㶮
ѩƽĳ棬˿ȣһֱܷӶ䣺ȻӵǿߣǷʱգҲ㿴磬ʵһݻ
һⲼ֮ˣͨ󣡡ҶУ֡
߹żͼǰԼٹԶɭͨĵͨ˭Ҳ޷ԤϣǷֿжһһ¶һҲлᣡѩ˼Ƭ̣ҶȣԼ뷨˵˳
ҶȵͷͬƻϾǸİ磬żͼҲ֪ĸµģ˵ʮǧ˷ֿжͶһϣ
ӣСģҶȳѩͶȥһϵĵģ̻ΪһӰƵʧڴ֮С

ѩһֱ˵ʲôǵ󣬻û˵ڣͻȻһץһǿͻȻǰγһ࣬һλòİ׷Ůӣͳ㾧ڡʥĹĹʥɱУ
ʦͽжѩ΢΢ʩʮֹǰ׷Ůӣصʧ
ѩΪһٻӰҷóһݵͼɹش֣ޣЩڴأߴ֮£ÿһпݳô޴Ҳв޳εޣ˭Ҳû쳣ȻҲʮָ߰ɾͷͨ쾳ǿߣҲڴ¡
ߣҶѩͨĴڣǧͼͼ飬ˣҲֲˣѩӵк㾧񣬼һĪȻһ޷
յͼƹһعϳǱѩڿһϵɽȣǰһ޴޵񣬶ųϢ౯ÿһ޵ȴһĹأĹ԰
ѩɽȣƯգǰĳ𾪣ǧĹأһ޵̾Ĺǰ
ͬеǷӥеͷҲеȴг˾̾
Ǿꡭ
ѩһɨڼǧԶɽмϵĹأ֪˶ãֻƬĹؿȻ˳˳Ҫ೤ʱܷ绪ɡ
һĹǰ̾һԼɣʮɵĴ꣬Զȷһֻ꣬ʵ󲿷Ǵ꣬֫ȴȣҴվģֱȫͬڹߣңͷѰڹ࣬ǣȴڿУɳִִ󣬻˸ŷ


181 ̷ͯ
Ϲꡭ
ѩ˫ͫȻ֮ǰѾţۼţ꣬ϹŴ˵еޣȻ̩λֵͼλ棬ĴڣѾꡭ
ƬĹ԰ǿӡӡԪ֮ģԷͽ룬κˣҪ֣ѩ˼һ֮ǰǰ׷ŮӣΪʦѰע㶣
ѩȫӡ˿̵ͽĹ԰֮Уһ鷲ˣûһĹأҪף

ڴУҶתתȥͻȻ·ֲ巽򣬴˿̣һɽ·ϣһʱ֪ĸҶĻҪ
鷳ˣֻС
˼һҶʵûа취ֻϰ취Ҷ̷ǰодϢ
Ȼɽ壬ҶȾȻһׯʮֹϣӣϴС޵ѿڻΪΣ󲿷ѾʥҲЩڻν׶ΣڴׯܣǱŴϢׯķǿػ
ݡ
ȻҶǱĴϣһഫҶֹֻͣһ̷ƤʮСк۾ȫһطûв۾Щɫͫŵر
̷кȻſзеĺѣͻȻһɵͷ͵һ˲̵СͷжԵ󣬻ͷʮֵģ
ˣ
Ҷ֪к̷󷽣һģһɷӡ̰֮ʶӡȡļ䡣
Ȼ֪Ҫׯڼׯ֮䣬硭Ҷʩչ׹ǹΪ̷кģѳ˯к֮Уӡ֮ǿ
̷кҶȣʼɽׯкƽʱһ˴кȻֱӴׯһɽһׯȻвٴׯׯ֮䶼ʮϤģϾܳСҲǧ꣬ޱȱȽǡ
Żʱ䣬Ҷһϴɽɽһ̨ڰɸ±ϣ˸ͼڣ֡
عأ
ҶǱ̨࣬͸ʯһʯȻڲ࿴ȥұ·һʮɵĶţʯɢŴҶֵǣعû˰أҶҲδкеõʲôƺعأһ˽ġ
ֻӲͷƤȥҶȸоع֮£ϢʮֹŹ֣һȥһǿߣҶֻʩչǧͼͼ飬룬һЩͨߴڣҲӵһЩֲͨҪȥͿ²ˡ
ţȷûأҶȻָģع
ȡ
ȥʮףһӭʮȣڷˣѾӽޣʿ˵¶ȣʲô
عʯףǴֱۣͨʮֿÿһɣһʯۣڵıʯͨʯڿиֹеڷɣеǱˮеֽţе
ͨ泤ֲܴ󷽵ķУҶȾãͽаʱ䣬ǻûиоͷЩʧȥġ

ͻȻͨԼ֮ˮڷڣַ࣬¶ƺѾҪﵽٶȡ
Ҷ֪ϾҪӿ첽СģŰʱҶһƽ̨ǰһ´ѷ죬ǵϿȣһƬ죬ȣ·ǧףǹҽ
ĸɣ
ѷұϣʱһſһɸߵĻɫɢûгʵҶΣҶƬ֮䣬һټ⣬һεξӨˮ
ĸɣҺһϣӿԺҶһ۾ϳĸɣĿһεξӨˮǾĸɣҺ˾޴ֻҪһΣһξͿΪ
鼤ƽҶ̳·һĸɣȥڴ˿̣ҶĿⱻһұʱء
һŻƻΪһҶС̬棬һСͯ򵥺ɫ£ģɣҲʮ꣬ȴһͷ׷һ׳˫ͫѪһ죬ֳһɫ׳ȡº«ʼںһ㣬һд
ҶͣգŰ׷Сͯӡһλ֣оΪˣ¿ռƺΪһ壬ˡ
˯˼꣬Ρ׷ͯƺû˯ѣȶƵģ᲻񣬷һ˻Ƶ
Ҷʱ̷ʵҲޣ
Ȼ޵̣Ҳޣѵ಻ɣСӣҲЩͣϢǱӡʮء˷ǷҲһʵ̷ߣκδ½壬Ҫܵҵĳͷһ˵ܼ򵥣ܱƳʮ֮һʵֻһ꣬ʹ֮һʵֻһǧ꣬ʩչʵֻһ꣬ɣ׷ͯӣҡͷԵ˵϶ԶҶȣһϷ
û뵽ǿߣ͸Ϊǿߣһ㡭Ҷһףֻһս˵
׷ͯӣҶ֣ɣȿܲܿ˵
ৡ
ڰ׷ͯӷһ̣ҶѾʧգһ棬գ۾ͳڰ׷ͯǰָһһɫ׷ͯӡ
ŶٶȻͦ죬ϵһףϧ˵ٶȣĿԣ
׷ͯӵһЦŽ˿ХۿҪһ̣׷ͯӾȻƾʧ˿ޱ֮С
Сӣߣߣ׷ͯӳҶҷȻڻϣֻѺ«ϵ䣬ЩȤҶȻ֡
Һﰡ
£ҶҪˣѣֻжɱģĸɣҺõһжֵãҶȻһץһ˿籩곯׷ͯϯȥ
ٰ߲˵һвҲûУ׷ͯڽ˿籩ʱһʧ
գֳۣҶ࣬ڰ׷ͯҪ˵֮䣬Ͽգһֳֻ
͡
Ķڰ׷ͯϷȻһεһ㸯ʴǿʧӰ١
׷ͯӻվͷܰһʮ갫һͷ¶һЦѾܹңǣʵ̫û汾£Ǿ;Ҫһӣ
Ķ֣
ʱҶ˫һ֣ӡʱһֻֻȼյĴֻ֣֣Ȼڰ׷ͯΧ
Ŷ˼û뵽һһ״̬дʥϢһһʥ˼²˼׷ͯӼһֻֻȼյĻ棬ͫһĨ⣬޼
𣡡
ֻ֣ͬʱ׷ͯץȥ䡭յǻǣ׷ͯڰֻ֮ܣȻǣҲֻ΢΢һĶѡ
һף̫ʮΪʩչһˮ׼ʲǷȣֻϧһţҪԶ׷ͯͻȻֹŰֳֻ
һĻˣֻػа׷ͯӣըһһţ׷ͯӺ֮߳С
̫̬ˡּǿߣԼʵһԷȻһ˺۶ûУؽܹһ׹Ľסǿߣֱԡ
׷ͯӣץǸɫˣʵѾ֪ӽտʼԶɣ
׷ͯӻΪһֲҶϯҶȸоһɵ
ݡ
ڰ׷ͯϯҶһ̣Ҷǿһڳ֣ǹʥǹӰ׷ͯͻȻ̳׷ͯͻȻͣ£üͷһͻȻһӡ

ʥǹɫգǿײһ𣬰׷ͯӾȻûռϷ磬ʵռϷ磬ǾĴŹʥǹǹ̫ʥͳҶ͸һ
ʲô׷ͯһ䣬Ȼ־Ȼʥǹץȥǣʥǹʧա


182 Ǳ
ӡ
ʥǹ۱ǿҲҶ󹥻ֶΣȻ԰׷ͯ𲻵˿ãɰҶһ˿ϣʱΪһâͷҽȥ
ǿֶΣղǵ˲ߵɶʵҵǿᣬ֮УʲôΪζҵ־һɿƣѵУС뿪׷ͯӲһģͫž⣬һʧ
ÿٶȣ£Ҳǰ취
ڵĵգ̣ǿΧвĸɣǸȥɣȻκòһΣΣҲҪȡŪһΡ
һ־ҶԽĽٶ̫죬ʯײָоҶ־ٶȣǸ߽ɲеٶȡ
һ
ͻȻͣգҶתһĸɣҺȥ˿̣о׷ͯӾڼǧ׿ռ䣬ҶҲһĸɣҺĶ֣˲һĸɣҺ֮С
Сӣֵز̰õĸɣҺĸɣҺǵľȷµģ׷ͯһգۣҶǰҶջĶ֣ûӶɫ
ҽһΣΣҿһлȡߣԹһǧ꣬ȳȥһΣ
õĸɣǿʢ˲ɢҶȾ԰׷ͯӣȻһֲɱȥΪԷȷˣɱɣˣҶȻǲ붷ƣּǿߣҶսʤԼΪ㡣
׷ͯӹǣģӣɭɭȵֵСӣҴС̣Ϊ̷ߣκˣҶҪҲɱ㣬˵㻰ƾ㾳ʵֻһǧ꣬ǧ֮Ҫļ䣡
ҶȾȡĿܣȷʵˣˣֻΪĸɣҺҿ㽻ʵڲУӵһ㾧ҲԸ㣬Σ
ˣ˵ʲôں㾧ȷʵһ汦ǣĸɣҺǱ֮棬˲ȡһΣҲܣ巨̷ߣҪͷ㣡
㾧ջ󣬰׷ͯӱ˿ûиı䣬һ˿ҲûΪﶯݣһ󣬺ɫգɣ
ЦȻҪȥ·ûа취˭ңҪɱ˭ˣҲҪɱֵزҶѾκκƽ취ֻһսһ·
ʸ˵ֻͻɾпɱˣҳ˯ɣ׷ͯ˲һȭɨҶȣ綼Ϊ֮һ
̫¯ȼĿŽ𵤰ɣ
׷ͯʵҶǰ޵еĴڣҶֻʩչ̫¯âɱλȼգý֮ӳǿ
ʥǹ޷ߣ
Ȼ䣬̫¯ȼս𵤵ӿҶҶ˲оһɿֲԼҶ̴ʥǹ֮УʥǹͷųԽҶǿɢסĽ׵
׷ͯӼҶǸʥǹһüͷ㵵ţһͻƣСʲô̥Ҫǰϻ˭֣
ϲþûȻͣǱܺûȫ׷ͯӼǿȭͷ˲䳯Ҷȼ
ƣ
ӶʥǹҶʩչٶȣ׷ͯӹȥ

ʥǹ˲˰׷ͯͷŵ̫ǿ󣬴ҶʱҶ巢飬ҪѣʵڿֲҶð麹ǿվȣѾɼӲ¸ղžҪ֧顣
׷ͯƺսɫҶȣһ£Сӣֿסһһأ
ûᣬ
Ҷӥ˳׷ͯȫעУҶѾ÷Ǳڵգһ̣׼ᣬһһʱ䣬ڰ׷ͯǿճһʥǹֱΧռ䣬ͷ޼᲻ݵ
һǴʥ֮ϣԣĹʥǹ˴ʥԴĹʥǹǵʮˮ׼ʮǧԲٶȡƻ֮ϡ
ñɵ࣬Ӧ˵ƶˣΪһѸײڶǿɱһٿԸ׷ͯһ˺˭֪׷ͯӵһʱͷַɳո߸ߵ˸շһڷеĹʥǹ֮ϡ
ǲ
һУ׷ͯԳϵս飬֣һǳٶ֮죬ռ־ϵ覣ֶΣʵսںϣ˲䣬еĹʥǹȻţ֨֨ؿʼ߽⣬ѡ
ʥǹȻˡ
ѵĹʥǹһһҪŹʥǹ˯ĸоѪڤ񵽹ʥǹͷһΣ飬ǰκικǿߣʥǹ޼᲻ݣ˿̣ھΥ£ʥǹҲҪ
Ĺһû˲ʧѾ漣֪˵㣬ͨ쾳ǿߣһҲҪ䣡׷ͯӻӶɫʥǹһ̣Ȼܵһ־ܣܣð׷ͯľƺ˹ʥǹҫ
ҶջطɱһУƽ⣬÷뱾һҲѷҶȺһ㣬κμƲߣ԰׷ûһô̫ǿᣬʱϵ޷죬
Ҷ֪Էһָ߼򣬺㾧Ѿû˿ãֻдǧͼͼһ˿ܣǣ׷ͯһʹҶȾÿµǣԷһֱûȫԸ
һǿߣ򲻵ǲʮѣһƻҲܵӰ죬򼸺ǿֶ߱Σغʹá
ûֶ˰ɣһɣ˷˰ʱ䣬ǲ˼飬԰׷ͯӲ֪޵ڵ٩Ҷȡ
ʥǹûãϴâǣɹδ޸޸Ҳ֡
һɲǣҶȷŷ£ûа취ֻ̫ʥ̡ʥ̣
ʥֻûüʲô£һ֪̫죬û취ҲҪãҶ׼һֶΣʥ̡
ǰâǣҶʥ˲ɱĽ׵ֻһƶѣʥ̵ٿɱףߣ׷ͯǿߣҶʥд߽ɣҲбܡ
˯ɣմ׷ͯƮ֮Ӷɫһɺɷ֮һҶϿա
ʥ̣
֣Ҷסһɳʥ̰سУǹӵϢŷԶžڳ˯
رһ֣׷ͯ˲ͱɫͻȻɫһߣȫ仯
ҶȻʥ̣Ӱ׷ͯӣһ赲ҵˣҪΪһҵˣҪţ̫⣬죡
׷ͯӵǿҶᣬȻóʥ̣ͱһնɱʥ̫ҶϢͨڣʥ̱ȻʮǿҶȻûɱ׷ͯӣϲ˼̫⣬Ҳһжпܡ
һԵԴҶ˵ʱʥɢĿ۵ʥ⣬ҶȱҲ̵ۣͬʱоʥڷŭʲôƺҪֶ
ֻĿռ䣬ھҵĲʵҽʼڣĸɣȻ֦ɢҶʥ
ʲô׷ͯ亹һ֣û뵽һϣȻΰ˾ʥѹ׷ͯһֿҪϢĸоʥ֮ɢҪվס
ңĴڣҪ𣡡Ҷ˫۱⣬̫¯ĿŽȼһ룬ĿŽһȫں̫֮Уһʥ̣ҶǿһһѾ񼣵
䡭
ڲǵڲڵ𣬾ռ䣬ҲھҲһɹʥĹâӵҫ硣
ǡ
һϵѣͬϢʥ־£Ȼһϣ
ϵ޵ĳ˯ߣ޿ռΪһ壬ǲڵģΪϢݴ½˫ͫǳٵ¡

ӵͻȻ׷ͯѷĲҽʱڵع֮ϣԼ̨ΪģһؿʼݣȵĻ𣬶һʥĹҫӵȽȽһ̣޿ռе飬ʥĹâƺУһһʼ


183 ɺƽ
ɽʯһһݣ¶ǧĵ磬һ˶ĵضȽȽ졢ʥĹâ
ض֣綼˯һһѣһλλӵкޱͨǿߣǵѣΪضǴӵ֮ɢ
ɱ𣿡
۽գ׹֮¯ȼգڻһУرڻգҶȫɢĿ̫⣬ǿޱȣʥ£ʥ̣ʨͷ壬ŷ̾һѵϹžޣֳʥ̵ҶȣʱϹս˭Ҳսʤˡ
Ӧˣû뵽ʥ̫⡭Ȼݻ˿ռӡ֮ҸоǸ߽ɣҲһ֮£
ҶɣһǿҵɷȻ޿ռ֮γɣ͸˺顢־־˲ɿ⡣
ǡ󡭡ͻɾ٣ԪһƺǹɷҶȸоѹֳأԪҪ˯Ҷ̷̫¯ĿŽʣû뵽ʱҪɽ١

ɷͻȻһڣҰޱڣһһΣоʱҪ̤顣
̫ˣҪͻɾһͻƣǾƵӵ̤ɵ󣡡
ɷ£ҶȲ£˷ܵԿƣʱҪǿʱ̣޿ռ䣬磬˵ǿУҶȵʮΪռ˱ˣͻɾͲһǴӴգѱ䣬ʵһҶȵʵٿԿĽ׵ס
ɣƷ٣ɣɷ٣ɣ١ʮ٣һرһɣҶȷʣ𵤵ͬʱҲʼ̫¯Ψһһɣǵŵϴһλ׵ǿ塣
âǣҶΪѱԷûУĨɱ־Ϊˣڽ𵤡Ԫһһڡ
٣Ҷȴɾ֪ԼԵ٣һǿʮ׼ǿ
ͣ
Ħȼһ㣬ɷӿ֣ţһɹɱɷҪ֮ˣЩ֮һְԵطγɣͻɾҪԵĴ١
λ
ʱۣ֮ٸգһλλѵǿֵƯգЩǿߣ͸Ϊǰ׷ͯǿʮٱ
һλ޵ĴڣһλͷɢߣŴճ֣ͫһƽĳ⣬ǿ߳ʩ񣺡棡
мλڳ˯УΣһһѣ֪Ϊ𣿡յ棬ʮ䣬һҲһɷǡ
һλӰ֪λǰϢѣȻͬ壬ͬһѪϢܴڣܹϣƺǼλһϹĴڣ
Ϣһԭ棬һʥȣΰ־ڲܵʥԡҵ־ѱ䣬Ѿﵽľ磡һλߴӰ˵
棬ҲǣӰҲ׷ױʾ
ǶоˣǹͬϢȷʵԶŴڵܣһҪڵ֮ϣղǴѣκޣԶŶͬ壬λܵķѣҲ𣡡
ǹʥ
˫ͫȻһɹɳڱ䣬ȻʧҲ͸ֻ˼䣬Ǹ߼֮λ棬޴Ӳѯǣʥܷ־һǳԽɵĴڣңܳϣλݣҲ֪Ǻ»ǻ£Ҿ䣬±ܼˣ
ٿ
տ½ͻȻһʮɾ޴ɷǰԵ壬ɷɣаа϶ΪһٵĿ¡
ҲסҵĽŲƣ
ɷ£ҶһᣬһץĶ˲Ѵ˺÷飬ɢա
죬ֻܾңܳͷңңңܵҵĳͷɣ
ҶȾȻȵڶɷ䣬߸߷ɳ棬ǰŤĽ󣬴һֻֻȼմ֣ȥ
ÿ࡭
Уصǿߣ˱뺷ֶΣ˭𾪣ԹֻзسͷϴҪɱ㣬ֻ·һҪߵﶼҪ𣬴ӹԽ˭죬˭Ҷ־֣ǰ޹˺ߣһǿߣ֡
С࣬һǿ壬¥һڣϣݺδߣÿһ仰δ־ףǰݡ
ף־ʵϡ
ݣڣֻģһһңͬ롣
͡
һֻֻȼմ֣սȻҶȽֻһ̣־޷ԽҶȡ
˭˭
ͻȻս޵ıԴһ˯žŭط죬Զܵ߸˭˭ڵ߸Ǭ·һнǸ߸ϵɷɡ
ΰ־ҶȼʩչĶֹս󣬶ӽ֮У˸
⡭
ǿߣʱסϢƺǹԼǹ־ǿڶܡ
滺վݷ𣬳һſϷŷֻʣһƤߣ˫ü罣̳񷣬̫޴ڣİݣݣ濴˻д٣죬죬ߵķѣǷΰ־ôܣɾ٣ڷ٣죬ҲܸܵѣΪΣ
Թֻͨ쾳Ĵ٣мأ취򣬽֮־Ĩɱ˲ǿߡʱһǣ͸̹Ųǿ־
ߣ׷ҪµҪ١Ҷ˿Ѿ̤뾳ɣԴԴϼӳ֣̫¯ڲĽѾȫӳڵڼת̥ҪΪҲʧֻ
۷Ҷȣ̫ΰ񼣵־Ѿһô򵥣־¡
΢࣬־£˷򣬾ɣҪͷ㣬Ĩɱ־
֮Уһ֪Ժδ΢ɳһ£΢ĳ֣һΰɫԭ㣬ԭͻȻǿ΢΢ͻأͣȻʱ䡣
ţ˵ͼλ棬ȻϹϢ̫Сס֮һ־ɣǸһδ΢ͻȻȼΪһ󣬽ģΧռȼգȻȼա
ǿҪҽһУҾȻ㣡
Ļ͸Żȼһе־ҶȲһж֮ʧҵȻ׳󣬾ҲҪ
ʥ̣ƣ
ûڣҶȼʥ̣֪ȥ粻ҪĿܶҪΪҽʱݴ½ʿҪܵӰ졣
ٿ
䡭Ҷֳʥ̣һɲǣһǿ־赲ҶȣҶ̼̫⣬ٿٿ£̰־ĨɱˣʵĨɱǹ־̫ܵĿ£Ȼˣǻʧȥ־ƣʼȼա
Ż桭
û־ףȴҪǿɻҶһ̣¶̰Ŀ⣬һ뷨Ժ˲֣÷ɻںϣǡ
ա˵־ȻǸͷŵʥˣ
ߣһݱ֮־֪ĸʱգСĺܣǷҪʵһܰˣ
ҿǸ̺ʥ־ǹ־ܵУ˵Ķԣǹʥܿܲһˣ
ֵĻۿҪģ壬ǿߣۿҪ̲סѹȴû뵽һˣСĴڣ죬ս֮־֮־ߣ⴫ȥҪ


184 ޵ý
λ֮־ѾܣϹŴܵƻ˺Ͽ޲󣬷ǾҲ޷
һ£еǿߣʼ˷ȥһƮɫĻգȻеɻӡҪȴף
һɨ·濴Ҷڵذɻ룬һصȻܷӡɻ
ǿķʲôȼķܷӡɻ𣿲˼飬һϣӵµȻԽ͸ҶȣһʼֻҶĲԶ͸Ҷȣ͸Ҷ֮У̺־ҲӦ¡
ôǧͼͼȻѹɻ𣬴ǧͼ֮λرһ˶Ƕ֣
ܿˣһ̣սδȥҪعǷ򣬲ʧǶȹ٣ôŻطʧ
Ѿʧ̥Ѿ͸Ϣ
һ룬Ҷȵı仯Ҳһһ룬Ҷȿٿʥֻ̣Ҫγ֣ܳ׻Ҷȸ̥ܵѱһɽ֮֯ճͣҶȻһȻ޷ɽʧܣߣƫƫҪΪ𵤣
ʱҶҪһ춯صĴֱ˲̫¯׵ǿ׽𵤣⣺ҳɾߣҾֱ޳ɽ𵤣һɹ󣡡
̫£Ҷȵ־Ҳ߸ϣҶӵһصƣȻʲô¶С
ৡ
׽𵤣Ϊһ⣬뵤ѾγԲεĵ̥ϷҶȼ̫⣬̰뵤̥ʼõ̥ա
䡭
ֲɷ֮ɰɾ޴ĻУҶС¡

Ե٣ҶȺȻۣʱʱ̣ɲ˴ţֻӶʥ̣һǿֱ죬ֱӰٺ֧飬Ȼ޴棬١
֨֨
֮У̥̫⾻£׽𵤣̥մΪһŽ⣬̫ǿᣬõ̥һֿҪըھҵĲ𶯡
𵤣Ӷ޳ɽ𵤣ǲܵ飬֮ɶܳܣοҶȻûͻɣңҪͻɾ𵤸ӲܣԹδִŴڣҶ죬ͬɱ
Ҷ־֮־˿̵Ҷȣޱȣ־ȼգ׵̥
ۿ̥ܲסҪըʱҶȰԵ־£̥һδΰһδηս𵤡
̫⣬һ֮ɾͽ𵤡
ڣ׵Ľ𵤣󲿷ҩ룬Ϊ̥ʣµĽ𵤣û˰ԵֻʣһǣҲͭǽڡ
ҶȽ̫£̥ʼ𵤣ںϣտʼҶȸܵ׶εųⲻǽ𵤵Ƿط򣬷ǲҶȥ̫̺־һɣ
ˣ̥Ѿռݽ𵤣ֻ޷ںϣҵֻߴһƽ⣬Ƿתȴܵ취Ҫɽ𵤣Ҫȵһ٣ȻˣҾĻֱӻʮ٣
ʱӡ̥Ҷסʥ̣֮£Ӷʥ̣Žһ
֨֨
ʥֲ̿пҪγɵ٣ײһʥֱӺ٣սֲĦһǣǽ棬˲𣬲вӴ޳ˣǴʥޣеǣе硣
ǿȥٿʼᣬһ̣Ҷһһΰٻ䣬Ƭǽ䣬ǿ߿ƴѾ԰ټƵǿߣеǱеΣÿ˶Ҷȣƺ֡
ҶذѰءٻ飬˿̣سһƬ𺣣޼
̥
ŵʮؿֲٳΣҶȼ̥ץס̥ͬʱʮ١
ѵ𵤡һ̣޲ǿߣܵһɽ𵤵Ĵͻɾе񣬾Ȼһɵϣʵڲ˼顣
Ҳﰡ涴ȥ˫ͫ𺳣ֶⷬΣĪȻСȴ񷡣
¡
ʮ٣ʮΪһ٣ƺҪҶĨɱɾ
ʵ㣡
ʮһ̣Ҷֳʥ̣ʮս룬͵ػӶʥ̣ŽһһȻˣϢȫ֮ǰʮ
ţڽʮԱߣʩչǧͼͼ˲ʮٽա
ʱŵֳ̥ʥ̽ʮ֮УΪ׺ʥȥʥ̣̼ٳҶҶȾŵ̥ƾٶȻ̥
һ̣뵤̥ͬڡ
һ̣ҶȾȻԼ𵤣Ȼ죬Թֻٴҩ֮ģδȻ𵤡
ݡ
̥һδٹ£еĽ𵤣Ȼһ룬̥ܵٹһֿʼ飬Ƭ֮У̺̫֮⣬յ̥Ƭ𵤿ʼ˸Ŀҫ
Ҷȵ֮¶Ȼ£һεõһЩʵʣõͨҪĻǽ𵤣޷ᣬ̥ʧҶȿٲĵز
ţ
ڴ˿̣ػķͻȻؽȻˣ֮һ
ȻͻɡɷֱӭͻɣҲһϲѣôڽ𵤳ؼʱ̣Ҫǵõӳ֣𵤱ضɹᡣ
ʧ֮󣬴ػҲϨʮƣ޴ͻȻܵһɴ泩ѵԴԴϵĽ٣ճ˺嫵ЩΪ󣬳ֳͬ״ܵ˵Ƿ״
Ͽ޲ͬʱӳִǧѷԵ
ܵԼһƺҲͻƣǿߣ޲󣬲ӹ̴ôøǿͻȻգһ𾪣Ǵ˵еû뵽Ĵڣ
һֱڹżеԶʱڣû塢ʱڣʱǹɵʱʱٹеţͻʱͻÿһʹд·ǣһж޷ֻ֤Ǵ˵
澹Ȼ˴˵еʵǲ˼飬ȫûɣΪķ̺֮һɽգıԴӵ֮У޴İڵõӳ֡
󡭡
ҶһʱЩϤֲȷϣ̴һץ־֮УȻһʼ䣬ԶҶȱ𡢷Լ̥֮Уһɲ䣬Ҷȸоȫķÿһڱըÿһαըһַ򣬻һ֮У̺صǳ
ţ
̥֮󣬺ȻһҶȶʱһʧܣʧܣӵ̥仯
֪һһ̥ڣ˲ÿһըȻõ̥ںϣЩ̺ƺרΪ𵤶պýҶ⡣
ÿһ̬һһںҲͬÿһҶȸоĪ⣬ΰޣҶĿǰΪ͸𵤣ʿоɾеĴڣҶȲɾҪƽЩأҲҪͻɾпܡ
һ˲䣬˽һٵ֮󣬵̥Ƭڿʼ飬ͬʱʼѣƬ鵤̥գתΪ˽ʣʼ̥λΪ˸ĵΣ̥ȻһСĽ𵤡
𵤡ҾȻ޳˽𵤣
ųεĽ𵤣ҶȻԼ۾ɾ𵤵ǿߣҲв٣ѩҶֲһصߣ޵ý𵤣ǾδŵĴţ˵ȥܣҶȴʷı˹켣׸һδ֪ĸı䡣


185 
ɡԣӦǴ˵еû뵽ҵ󣬾ȻϹŵĴڣϧһǧһٶٶٶ̫ˣٶ㣡
ˣֻ˭ˣõӳ֣պٺúоΰȻѸʧţо籾Դڷ
Ȼ⿴һС磬Ȼˣֻ˲˷һҲų⣬УҲҪգ
ɹҶһ֣ʮջΪƬû֮ĽΰȻԴԴԶҶȵ͸ıҶʣѱΪɣѪҺҲø׾Өֵõӳ֣Ҷ̫𵤡̫¯򡢷ǧͼͼ鶼ڷҶȣ˿̾һ޵׶
߼ʱյڷ˵󣬵͵λ汾ǵ͵磬ǿˣڸ߼Ĵڣֻи߼дУ½ֻֻǧѷꡣ
ҵ̫ѪҺȫΪ˷״ϸС΢֮УҶ̺̫¯ͻɾѱ䣡
ɾôҶԪһʱӦ磬ǰӦĴڣ񼸺Ԫǰ
޿ռȻһ󱣻ţҶԪֻܸӦ޷У֮УǧƵޣÿһϢʮǿ󣬴ʥǶͨ쾳֮࣬ڻиǿϢҶ΢΢ǳԽͨ쾳ĴڣȻӵǿߡ
ӵн𵤣ÿһκһͬǽ𵤵
𵤣ɱе飬飬ľҲУʽѱ䣬ʶعͨУӦдڵ飬£ͨУγ˽𵤡
޳ɽ𵤣õϣʽ̤ʲôɡɡɣû޳ɽ𵤣ôֻܸӦ飬޷޳顣
صˣҲΪý𵤹ͨأǳȡ棬޵Ͼ硣
ҵκʱҪǿҵϺ󣡡Ҷȸͻɾ仯ÿһֱ仯΢ģҪϸϸ򣬸ӦЩ仯ͨΪͨ
Ҷһɨķأһо۵ףʲôڣһжУ޴ɶݣ磬ҶҲ͸ÿһϸ磬ëףԪʶ
塭ӦǺ壡
ʶҶһɨȻһŰɫĹâڹâ֮УУҶȵһβǸӦĴڣۼ˺壬ҶȻ˼һֱûУԪʮСϾɾ޵ԪѾ٣ԪܴҲ漣
ֻܵȺԼҶȺú忴ԼɾͣҲѾܸߺ壬飬Ҷ֪ӵڳƳǸ꣬ǺһԼ֣ҶûнսʱԼ
Сӣ㡭
ͻȻݵĵڣϤһŭţҺһȻˣ׷ͯһǱطɳҡҡ׹˫ͫŭû뵽һ˸ͷ㱻ɱ
Ҷջ⣬׷ͯӣԷ磬ҲһףĿǰҲ֣ƾ̣ڿһɱ㣡
࡭
׷ͯӡҶƽգͻȻľͷȻһȻһʧա
һĻҶ鶼ڲ̾ȻǷ
ҵǿģ˲õҲ˲ҵڰ׷ͯҽʧգȻʧգ߳µһ׷ͯӣϢȫͬ͸䣬͸ǿԡ
ͨ쾳ѵͨ쾳ǿߣǿʢҶ𾪣һˣ״̬ɾͨ쾳ǿϢҶȲֲֻԵУ³ƺȵ컹Ҫǿ
ҵȷͨ쾳ǿߣǵһҷ࣬һ𵤣Сӣ̩λ棬һˣ㴥棬̷ߣҪһǧ꣡׷ͯӻһָͷƽĿҶȡ
ƴҲҪ뿪ҶȻʥ̣ͻɾҶȫͬͻƣ˵õʵѱ䡣
³롭£
ۿ˫Ҫս֮ʣһӰڰ׷ͯǰ׷ͯӼӰ̹ʩתȥӰҶȵ󱲣ΰҪ㣡˵꣬Ӱʧ
棿
ǵӰĽ٣Ҷȸϵ̫ǿ󣬱Ǹ׷ͯӡ³ҪǿٱҪ֣һָɱҶȣȻţţֻķݡ
η
ʱλյߣΪһӰسҶǰգ΢΢˫ۣǴӺδģģΪϷǶ᲻ߵģ
棬Ҷȸоһ˿һλƽˣȻ͸ϣǱ飬ȴʮºͣҶȹǰâһżеģϧżѾ绯ݣˣ
΢΢ͷƺҶ˵Ļ˿ɣ֮㣬ΪУӦһԶӢϢӦϹķΪӢ㣬޴Ӵ˾ѣϣͬоһʥ˵޵ϢȻ΢ȷŲɣ
ԭˡ
ҶһҲʥӦһϵȻˣҶȴɻ޵ϢĪҾ䣬Ϣ
޿ԽΪޣеߣȻࡣ
һ壬кܴԵִ֣ɽ֮󣬴촫֮УȡһĹˣΪ㣬ֿ½˯糤һ׺͵˵һһ䣬˸оС
仰Ҷ˲󾪣ǰȻˣ
ܴϻۣһжô˻Ƿ¼ȣ̫֮Ʈ죬յ㣡
泤̾һ֮ĳһ־̴Ҷ֮У̫ͻȻҶκ޷ӦһϣϷ־°ɣԺʲôҪͨ־ϷһõԵݴʲôҲر˵ģԺһԶѣϣԸ⣡
ǣǰ⣬мҪʱһ
ں־Ҷȸоһǿ־壬־ǿ󣬲˼飬һʹãҶſɱɸ߽ףҶ뿪֮ʱͻȻѩڻûлϣʩǰһλŮѣƺûټ鷳ǰѰһ£
ǽӡһ̣ϷѾע⵽ǶˣλŮӣ߼λ潵ٵ־Ů£ڽأĹ԰˱һλԶǼ֮Уһ㾧񣬱һֱڴһԴû뵽ߣ⼸ǧ䣬֮ˣߺ㾧񣬿ϧһһʧܣû뵽ĺ󱲣ɹߣⰡѣȥ˫ۣŷûʮ˻ơ

˲䣬ҶһУӵ¹ǿʼѩһΪԼĸɣҺõ㾧Ҳһ֪صһǰҲ֪ȫԼõ㾧
ҶʮھΣ湪ǰǲ˼Ҳ֪ô˵һҲС
ھԭȫǺ㾧Ҷ֪ǿ˵ˣһڵ͵λ棬ȥ߼ɽ磬бȻԭ򣬶㾧ݴ½Դ󷨣ںϱԴԲѩߣԺ󴦾ʮѣ˵ܴ١
㲻νеʧʧȥ˺㾧ȴ˴ЧȺ㾧񲻿ᲢۣҲùŮӣҲӵһС㾧ΪУ֮ˣȴСˣպŮȥҪ֮ˣȥɣ
˵꣬һ֣һɷƵҶȣΪһ΢磬֮ϡ
Ȼһλߣգŷ͸ȥҶȣ棬һκգͱɽ綴Ϥ
ڷӡ˴ֿԳ˯ãһжǶϷһڸıˣλ֮еøӿ죬һ壬лȥĿܣ滯Ϊһӵĵӵ֮д
ǼϹ鴫еȷ˲ԣҪѱΪ鴫УǸ࣬棬ȷԵ̾
޲ˣ˯
񣬻գʧƺһԨһԶĳ˯ںڰԨ


186 ع

ǧĵˮ磬ͻȻðһݣһƬˮɢҶһ⻷ˮУϢ·޵ķӡ֮ǰǿңӡվȻŤƺҪʧһ㡣
ѩ㾹ҵӣˣֻҳΪú㾧һöӣҺˣԶҪӡ桭
ҶȸоһĺڰҪϯʶҶֹ̾һǣЩħ
ϢһᣬͷˮȥˮҶһͬˮ棬Խˮ棬һұȪҪԭ
ˡ
׳ȪͻȻһˮˣΪ֮һˮɢȥҶȳҲƬˮȥһʱӰ̳Ҷǰǻʸ˼Ҷȣʱһ𣬾Ȼż죬ǾͷҶ뼸ǰȫˣǰҶȣܿ͸ڵҶȣ͸Ǹĥ͸ԭֻһ㣬Ҷͻơ
ϲͻɾʸֻ΢΢ףš
Ҷһ֣ݴ½룬ϸϸ㣺ꡭ뱱аʱ䣬ص½ʮ죬Ȼ½ٺúþް꣬ʥ̡𵤶δü͸
ߣҶһʸɡ˲֪ҶҪȥδҶ˲ʧա
Ҫҡ
ȥ֮ѩȻֻĿ񣺡㻹̫СһҪȥ֮¾ˣƫƫϣģõȴְװ׿ʧȥ
ãѩδȥһֱҶʧķ

½½֮һδ½˵Ǵ½ڱִ½һѡ
½
д̵ĲԭϿգһƾճ֣ͷҶȣǻʸɡҢֵܣֵܼ½ϲ񣬲ûκİ
Ҷȿֵܣλ磬Ǿڴ˱ɣǻص壬ʲôҪԸֵܣǴż½ͳһ½Ǽһռ䣬ٵ̶ǣ
лֵܺ⣬̻壬鳤һͬ⣬ϹֵܸǣҢֵһ𣬴Ǳͳһȥ
ĲԭϯأտҶһͻȻؿʸɣöԷһ𣺡ʸǾʹСС½ʼͷʼҲǣҲǣһСС½Ȼĺ̩λ棬ҪΪ彨һ޺󻼵ռ䣬ҵ־Ǵɱɱ۹ɾ͵ֻмϣ֪־ߣ֪ƻǷȤ
̩λ棿
ʸһԼǲˣǰΣҲˤҶȼ⣬Ѿ߻ʸɣһжģʸ滺ۿ̩λߣֻ̩Ȼһʸһֱǽ˧ңȴҲûΪ̩ͳһλû뷨УֻǣҪΪλ棬ʵıԣţңҾͻһ·ȥͷ

ڻʸɸ˵꣬Ҷһ֣ͷԪӡָһΪӰûԼشΪжҪһҵ۳ңҵĿ꣬ɣߣСС͵ȵ̩λ棬Ϊҵļ壬Ҫ֣ϣˣ
ʸССһнܵõⷬأţӴˣʸΪЧ˽Ųλ棬ûʸѧΪ龫ǣһ̣ʸͻȻϥأҶȱȭġ
ҶȷʸɣʵһʼһֱûаѽūҲǣԺѣˣˣ
ǣʸɼصͷ
ʿ֣
Ҷһ֣һʿľӪգ˼ʸɣ¶ϲϣʱҶȼһһԣҶȽҵķӪҶңҵд㣬һԽԸΪֻǽ顣
ţʸɵͷ
ػҶˣһκʧСС½Ӧ޵еģǧˣҪҷƴҩúãһһУҶһǧκ뷨ĿǰʵҪɱ㣬׾٣
ٿ
Ҷȶãһȳ⣬ǵײѪȣҶͻɾûԪӡҲնɱ
ǣˣСĲһ룡Ҷⷬŵֱ£û뷨Ҷôһ˵붼룬Ҷһϣһʵߡ
Ҷʸɡһ𣬰δжƻ뷨һһ˵ˣЩʿһֱվգɰءʮصʿ̽ţڻ¡
ŵؽ硣
ţôϵܣ
һɽϣɫۣһԺվһʯϣȴҶȵꡭֵ֪ΪֵزֵʣѾǵɸ߽
ǰҶȵõǰʮʸ񣬲ŵɶأʱܶԸɰ룬Ҳеףӵʵ
ԶգһӰˣŵġҶʩչ׹ǹûҶȣ̷ȥ
磡ҶӵȻ˴˴Է̶꣬Ȼӵһ޵õأΪԺӡ
ҶȣҶҲǵɾȷʵأ뿪֮ʱͻؾѣҶֶΣؾ磬ѾǷ츲ء
ͻȻĴſҶȽСֵѽҪСЩ뿪ҾȻֱ·壬ȥҴһ˵㵱ں޵ɱеӣֵŶˣʥԺӣ¡ӷһһ޲Գ֣
Ȼ⣬һжҶ֮УϾû޷֮£ڰ޵նɱࡢơҵ£ᴫȥֻʱˣ޲뾣ǿߣˣ
޲ʵǿᣬߺһ꣬ͻأϣʱɾٰ˽ʽ½м塢ɻɢ޶ףأԺҵӣŵĺܣ׼ҵһã֪޲Ӻδ֪նɱ֮£ֱ·壬Ҫ½ˣ޲ѾǳϣʥԺӣҲЩɻ䣬ҵھɽ壬Ѳ£һ񣬲ſȥ޲ԳѾ׷ڵ׽ֵܣ
˵ǵ˭֪ں޵ɱٵӵ£뵽ʲôһơңҲҳ֤ݣ˵ҵҲֵΪơҴĻȣĴ׷ֵܣ
֮УһȺ߹ں֮ڣǺηӦҶȵһЦ
ɵֵ֪նɱҵӣ԰ټưȻ𶯣ͨ׷̫ϳϣҪԾͷھҵΣ˵ɴʱή٣˶֪һΣҾûеôɳͷΪףܷŹңʷϴδֵƱҪϳͣ
ҶҲûӦܺ棺ϣΪϣ
ϵλߣƽƽÿһλ̫ϳϽһΪءأпܾǿҲУÿһλԶκɱȨ½ֻһЩϣȴϺأƽʱڳ˯ֻд²Żѣð麹ʮֽŵ˵񣬶ʮֵĿ־塣
ڣѾŹУ¿ɺã밴ռƻμӱϻ˵ĶԣƻԶϲϱ仯
ϸϸ˼Զתۣ֮ҪһɽһɽߵţһɨʱһгҶǰмʱգһӦþС磬̾ʮصɾصǿߣһɰ뾳ǿߣܹ죬ˣ棬Ȼɰ뾳
᰷ڼɵ棬Ӧþһʬ壬֪ǷʬѾɶ׵ʵ½ӵɾǿߣ˼飡ҶȵĵʵһҲȣţȻһСɣҲȻ޷᰷ڣҲһСͷ
ͬʱСΧռ䣬ܵİٶϢһصأؾʥʥԺ֮ء
磬ҲŴȥҲУһ˲鵽ҹϵѾҪŹȻɨ½ؽҶңü峤׼½ҪĳˣҶȸƬȴһɽ¥ĸо
ֵشҶȣҶƶȷҶȲǿЦңҶΪģָһǰռ䣬ȻڱըݣľսʵѾģû뵽ҶȾȻǿ󣬲˼飬̵ͷӦתɲǷȥ


187 ᰷ʵ
ꡭҺҲǰǸɱߣ
һɽ壬ʱдǧʱСɣָôȥҶȶʮ꣬ͻȻţһĴ
꣬ɵɣѾǸ棬޵ʵ۹ݽ񣬾޽УһѾעһݲ񻰡
ҲʸҲﵽɽ븸׵˼桭ҶԪһԪӷԪУ˽겻ҶԶأҶ졢ҶҶˡ
ɽϯҶȵĻع飬Ҷ𶯣ʱѣҶȲʸɡɾͷһ֧ɸ߽ɵľӣҶ˭𺳣˭ˡ
ҶԶû뵽ӻֳɾͣȻûҶʵܿһλɾͷҶʵҲȥ
Ҷ¸˵ǣҶȿʼͶƴַӾٿšǧţӦϣҶҴӺӵˣ˵ʿÿ˶ڷһǼƷһͷЧǷëϴ裬ıʣ硣
Ҷ£ɣֻоҶλ漶ӣǵɣڣʳƷÿΪϴڣؽʮأ󲿷ֶǴֱƽٿɾ
ǼƷɵĴҩԵһ£벻ĹЧҶ뾣ȼλһصǿߣһһؾ磬˼飬Ͱÿ˵ʳԣΪʵ̫࣬Ҷһ֣ͼҩ뺮Ͷٻһץͳˣ飬ɵۣ󷹻Ҫ졣
ɽҶҴСϣ˵ʿŮ٣ȫĹҶԪ񴫸ÿˣɽػڻʸϣһɽʸֻҪʮأʮλɸ߽ʿսʿһʧ
ʼ׼һںһ󣬾ֲ󷨣һɣôҶˣԽһ죬һ꣬ʯɣ͵ƴʯҪܲɣһҲ
ҶԶ׶ӵĵҩ˷ܵԿأᣬҶԶʹ濴ںΪһλʿ޷˭ʹģ
ڽɼ鵤Ҫʱ䣬ҶȾ棬ʥʵӵдҩʯԴ
һ棬ʼޣɽܣκһһָƣǸ߽ɣκһֻӣӲĸӦʸоҶҾ׼ж
һж˳ȥɣΪҴ鷳ҲҪҴϣҲһ㲹
θҴ鷳ԲСҶ֪޲Ը֮󣬾ܷŹңҪֵģֻʱ

һƾŲƣҶѾ·壬һӦλãھɽΧвŵӹȻڼӾһһھʣٶӣǰһǧˣЩͶҵˣڣ±ۣһһͶȥҡ
ҶһŷǧԶգ۾ͳɽ֮䣬һǱ֮Уɽɽȣȫһϧڶʮְ
£
ǱҶһںͥںԺ֮УҶȼڱչؾ޵ľ£һλһأλɣӷҲɶأǿ߾ʣҲء
һٴƵģ͵ԾĿ罣ܲԼ֣ǱˣΪ϶٣Ⱦ¼ʱʵһ˾ȻǾиʮɭϵĵ㻹һڵѰ㡣
ҶҲƿֱ࣬ӵҲΪ¶£ǵҸ¶ݵʱˣʵҵݲǾǲѣݽš
㲻ǾһۼģӲھңھոսţģһôǾ
ʩչ׹ǹҶ˲ӾģرģҶһɲǣŵŵźȼʱʮָӣ˵ʵɲ⣬һµݳ֣ǾһУ̫ͻȻ
Ҷ̽͵ǰżȻҹҵ㣬㶪Ϊɱ֣Ҿ£ԸţҪţݣģţ⼸꣬ŷ£ûһϵνҽҶȣ
㣡Ҷȣһʱ֮ìܣҶ֮ǰľɶ̶ʱ䣬Ȼӵ˲˼ʵһ룬Ҷں޵ʱնɱࡢơôǿߣţʲôпܷ
㣬Ҫλ棬ǲܷŹңҪֵģţҪΪҶżǧޣֻҪһǧǰҶҵʷҵ⣬ҪƷţڲ֮ӵбǾҵʵҲҼ֮УϣҿȥҶңҶ½ٸǾһոδҶȼ򵥵ذԼ⣬˵˳
󣬸𾪣ŤΣɵҶ˵һУƷţܣʱҶȼ˵ҲԿǣȿŵģúÿǰɣ
ٿ
ճڣҶȾͻΪӰƾʧǰһҶȥۼһ˿Ҳδƺδֹ
ѵҪ졭
˫۵˶鶼켷ƵģʱӰȷ˲ھߣǾ֮һľӷʣյ´ϢһʱϹȴףΪξһ
ţ޵֮С
Ҷϸ鿴СʥԺһٿϸòջһˣţ᰷ܳڼɵѾãһ죬ȻˣҾƣ᰷ţ
ݱ¶ҶȲܲμӱ޷Сʬ壬һ٣Ҷõʬ壬Ͳñ뻪ͿƣڲͬȻ¶Ҳ᰷ڣҶȱһƣһݼơ
ҶһΰųǾ棬һֱز¶ʵ׽͸Ҷó᰷ƣ֪ͨˣҪԷ
Ȼһӣ˾ͬҶȡ
½Ϸ뱱ֱ޾ɽ֮УҶƬãã޴ɽҶͷ̼䣬ɽһѰ᰷ڷڡ
Ƭɽйϵʷԭʼɭ洦ǣа֮Ҳв٣ʮա
ҵˡ᰷ڣ
ʱ֮ҶȳԽɾǿڸӦһǿķӡ㿰һ׵ķӡһľɽȱӡţһǧ᰷ڵӣǵɵɾ磬ΪǿߣȻһɶߣӡ֮У޷ֹҶȵ
ҲڣֻǷ
ҶȰ᰷һǧӣһɶǿ򣺡ɶףڿԶԿ׸û⣬ĽףҲܿ⣬ֻղ󡭡
᰷ڲǱһţһڣɳһɶǿ򣬾ƾʵӦҲԺɨţ᰷ҲöԸһϲȳ²֣ξͲǣ
˶ˣ
˷ӦҶͷȻ뻪͵Ȼɳɽȣһ
ˣһƻңңû뵽Ҳ׷ϢǧǱһʧ
´ʱǵجΣҶջһʵѹڵأȻ뿪ɽԶһеȴˡ
һᣬ˾͵ˣҶȵһۣȼ֣Ȼһ࣬ûҶȿڣĺȵҲ̫Сˣ׷㣬һмƻƻ
ʦͽҲ룬ⶼ⣡
Ҷǰͣ˸ȥŭڣҶֵʦͽӵжԿءʵһȥʵǱСӦɵĺܣͽԸȥһˣ
Ŷ˵ˣĿҶϣȻ֣ҶȵڣǿĿ£֣ҶȾŵأȻӵжԿʵ⴫ȥ˭š
ɫһ䣬˿ɫ˼ͷãȥԣΪʦ͵ĶһѵõıʯΪ㾧񣬴һ߶󣬾СڲŦ֮У
㾧ͽôûҶȱܾȣɻ󣬵ȴ𾪣ԭ᰷ҪĲʬ壬Ǻ㾧񣬶ô޴󣬹᰷ֲڶСģԷӵк㾧ںϵĻʵǿĿ£һӵдռһץס


188 컯ȭ
ֻҪñʯΪʦһʱ壬ȥţԶʧȻҶȵһߣ޼ʶ㾧ĴڣܶʿҼˣָ
뻪ͻ֪֮£ͺð죬ҵʵûб¶һ㣬Ҫ
֮ǰҶ뵽ǰʥݳնɱ˳֮£ĺ˭֪£˽¶ɾͷ˸߲Լ˽õǿߣһǲ֪ô塣
뻪Ͳɸ߽ףǲӣɾ̫ңԶ᰷ڱ֮ɾǿ߿϶֪׷ɱҶ£һɣڱչǳ;֮УҶӵ᰷ܣ᰷Ҳֻ뻪֪
ֻҪݲ¶ҶȾʤգ᰷ڷʤץסᣬš᰷ͳͳϳ½½ֻһҶҡ
ȥСðգΪʦοѣͽΪʦϢһΪʦʴȵʵʲộҶ֪
һάֺã˱뿪ˣҶȵһ϶˻ص᰷ڷ֮˲ߣգۼ䣬һƬԭ֮С
ˣⲻ˶ãʥ̣ʵ֮󣬾جεĿʼ
ߴغҶһʯ֮ϣڻԭһʼڰ̫𽥼ӿٶȡ
ͻɾ̫ȵɱøӸ߼һΪһϸ΢ķ̫ķɣ͵ͱһ㷨Ҫǿ̫硢⡢ϸҲ֮з츲ر仯ɫѪҺ֮Уһŷ
ÿһ΢Сһԭ㣬̫Զɣ״̬ͨ쾳˲е״̬
ҶȸоԼ壬ǷˣһѪҲͨѪҺɫҺ壬ʥϢȫ٣ѾΪǰ߼ڣӲҴʱܴأ߼硣
Сڵת̫̫⣬ҶԪʵߣңڤڤ֮УһֵȻƽиڣֻҶȾ̫ͣɾʸӵеߴڣʵεǿзֻдﵽɾ˽⣬ǾҪԡ
Ҫ𵤰أֻͻɾɾӵн𵤣ʿ
ʥ̣
ʥ̣Ҷȵһʽ̣ԴӵõδüǰΪ˲μӱΪĸɣҺʱ䣬½Ҷ˱Ƚϳʱ䣬ҲƵģϾͨһɱ½Ҷڼɵֻͳһ½ķϹŴ赲ˣƾһˣǱˮн
УʵǿŤתǬ
Ҷ˵˶ģϾʵһˣˣ򲻹ôǧͼߣҶңѣǹ¼ҹˡ
ʵѣĿǰںʥ̣߾ٴͻƣӵпնɱϵĸ߽ǿߣҪͻƣʮѣɾȵɾͻҪʮٱ
ݡ
̫ʥ̣ҶͷԪ񣬿ʼʥ̣ڵǿ칵ͨںϣģԪ˹ϵ磬Ҷ𺳵ǣʥ̺֮˴ɼ󷨣󷨣һؼӵһأÿһ󷨣ӵлص
еֻ󱻼̺̫ڲǸӸ߼󷨣һֱڳ˯ҶĿǰʵ޷һһѣͻɾ˵еϣڣܡ
ۻңϧ޷Ӹ߼֮У⼸ʮҲҪһѺܳʱڻͨ
һҪҪַҪ󷨣󷨴߶ԽǿԽӣԽǿʥ֮ǿ󣬲̺˰ԣһ
ʥģһɺǿʢԣҵõҪǿ򱶣ϧҶ˽⣬Ҳ֪ʥʲôȼ
ֻ޷̤һԪ赲һ̩ɽ֮ǰҶڤڤ֮УܸܵйɷǳʥϵǣǰȴԶߣɼ
Ҫõʥܣɾʵ޷ȻЩʧջôҲǾ޴ĲƸһѧᣬԸɾǿߣҪҪ
Ԫʥ󡭡
˫һԪʥڣʥ̫¯ʥո̫ȡͻһ谭
âնɱ˲ɣʮˣõٴ䣬еǸǿߵĴ䣬
һץ߰ö鼶䣬һһ֣ÿһöɾǿĽָҶȷһĨһɹɻʱ봢䣬һӡ־գǿߵ־Ҳ˲䱻
̶ʲôУôʯиַҩʯһʺƣȲԺλŮӵĲ࣬ҲˣƷʯʯҳ
󣡡
Ѱöв޽䣬ץסٿƷʯʮűʯһ֣ʯ뱦ʯ໥ӳ֣һСС󷨣ҶУʩչ̫ʱ߶ʯ뱦ʯͷǿʢ̼֮䣬ԴԴϽ֮УҶƽʱյʮٶȣʮǾá
ɾͷֶΣҲ߽ʹãΪҪĴʯһɶʮãҶдʯȱ
ھڣհԴԴҶ̫ڷҶȸζץ̫¯Ψһһʬ壬ǵϴǿߵʬ壬ҶȶɾʱѾʣ¾Ԫ򣬻
˿̣ǿ߲δȥһ߻ˣ־ҶĨɱҶȿƣҶ׵Ҷȴδۣǧÿһۣһɴ򣬻̺˸ָ߼һײȱǿޱȡ
ʵȴϣ򣬿ĽȫȼǿʮֲֹĽףԸΪЧ
ɾҶʵ˽٣ɾǿߣƩ׷ͯӣһǿĿ£ɾԽߣԽĽ׵ףʮ࣬׵ףǲ֮
ͻɾʱѱָϧ׵򣬸ںϲˣֻеۣӡ
ͷҶ˫ְס̿ʼһִۣڸиַǿߣַһÿһֶ̺˷
ͬʱվڵǿʢԪ񣬻ʥһ׹һ̣ԴһҲ˷ѣҶȫȫ֮С
һôȥЩʯʯһĹ⣬µʯʯ֣һҲδͣϢ
¾ôָȻҶջ˫֣һɣοǿߵǲ򵥣£Űգϧ޷װ˷ѣǧִۣ׳ַӡ󷨼ӳ֣˿꽣˰ٱ
ɾҲƽҵ򡭡
һţҶȱۣԪֱʥ֮һ󣬿Ҫʱܰ͸ʮ󣬾ҷʥ̸ԴԴ
̫Ѿﵽ۷壬Ľף˼飬Ȼ棬һâ֮ãգʣ¾ʬ壬ҵѾ۷״̬ͻɶأӣʬ壬ΣʱðɣҶȰѳ׳Ϊ˵ĵʬ壬̫¯
̫
һ̣Ҷȸܵڰ̫оڴҶ̿ʼ̫̫⡣
ţ
ո̫ʼ̫ķʱķѱ䣬һϸ΢ԣҶԺԻΪӡҶԺһȻһȭͼ
컯ȭ
ͼǰУˡ컯ȭĸӴ֣˸һ⡣
컯ȭ־ͲȭѵȭĪ
˼һ쳣˷ܣ̫ķ컯ȭǴķĹһҲӹɡ
Ҽʱ򣬾Ȼ컯ȭͻɾʱ̫֮־γɵ
ţͼϣ˵컯ȭһʮʽȴֻеһʽѵֻ޳ɵһʽһͻƣŻֵڶʽ
϶ʲôйģһУҲ˺񷣡
ζνζӳ£ʲôУһһ濪ʼվڴһ濪ʼ컯ȭһС


189 һʽ
컯ȭͼߵĵһУΪ
ֵȭΪƲ룬ƺ׵֣ϸһһַÿһġ
ػ죬ڰޱߣبţֻأǹˮݣã
һʽģֳУˣҶȶȹһ飬͸о쳣ƣƸոѣ˯ţƺÿһ֣̫У֪ʲôʱѹ
Ϊ
ʶ֮Ժһֻصһ䲻֪ԺδԣһֻصţþòɢһλߣҶȡ
ΪصԣҶô컯ȭͼģҲҲһ𰸣ǣһ㣬ҶʲôҲʲôǵʲôֻأʲôǶ𣬺ʱݣã
𡢲ݡá̶̵İ˸֣ȴҶȿһ⣬һʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ˣȰյͼ
ʵ벻ͨҲ벻ȻֻӲͷƤʼ컯ȭͼһʽ
ͼʮϸ軭̫Ӿߣз˿̣ҶȲһ㣬컯ȭ̫Ϊ̫⣬̫֮Ҳǵһʽ̫ġ
Ҷ̫⣬ʮϡ٣ӵһʽ̫ҶɹҪʩչһʽֻֻʩչеô̫⼸ĴͻɶأҲŻתĿǰʵֻʩչε

̫⣬̫ոճ֣̫һͷʥϵĹÿһ˸ͷƷھڰ
Űյͼ̫һɵĹâͼʼߣأһΣϪˮͣЪ̫һ̣Ҷȸоѱ䣬ŷһʱգʲôҲ壬ʲôҲ
ʱҶƺڸ̫ʱƯյ㣬Ʈ״̬£ʱٴαú壬ʮ졭һ¡¾ô赭дûκκۼ
ᣡ
ͻȻҶۣ˫ͫһ⣬⣬Ȼǰռ䣬һѷ죬˫ִӡţձһȭ
ֻһ˸ʥһеʥϢȭӡȻջƬռ䣬̩ɽѹռ䣬Ϊ֮һȭӡռײһʥ˲䱬ըƬռʼѣʮô޴
ǿռֻΰûһ־һС
ûиܵ𡢲ݡáУʲôǵҲ壬컯صеֻǿԵĻֻ̫ⱾԴѣ̫ʲôҲûС
ۡķһ̫⣡
۵ô˼ڴĿռ䣬ڴ½Դ֮£ʼ飬ϣΪΣƺһжδҶҡҡͷ̾һ˷̫⣬ʲôǵǶ𡢲ݡá̺ʲôУȻʲô˶ģҲ£ˣȸУֻʲôǵ֪ʲô컯
ôһȭҶһ̫⣬ڣҶȲѧϸĲ컯ȭͼټУֻеòʧװ˷̫⡣
һȭȥıһҶץʯʯɣëף̫ڵںϣγһ̫⣬ȡ̫γɵ̫⡣
Ԫλ
ͬʱԪڰʥڲּʮһһںϣѧᣬںϼ֮УҶԪںһ̣ʱܵޱ޼ʵ磬һױһ׸ÿһ󷨸Ī⣬Ƿܲ
̫ˣЩ󣬵Ҷ½ܲ󣬾ˡʵڡ᰷һɱһһȺɱһȺ
Ȼ˽ԽˣҪʯʯҲԣʯȲʯҺҶлвʯҲмһС󣬼ݺ޵УǳԽɾﵽͨ쾳ĳǿߣпƽ⡣
ԪλҶٶҲҶ˼컯ȭ̺Уǰ޷
££Ҷָһ㣬ӦھУģʲôһȺ߹Ҫӿٶȣղ͸һʽ
û뵽͸·弸һһͻƵɾȻЧ֮ڶ̶̰¾ܵɹ£ΪڽѾǵɸ߽ΪҶ𡢾˲࡭
컯ȭ֮ʱҶȷԪ֪ͨҶڷظת䣬׼ﵽΪǷãϷƸӸ߼Ļ鵤ǡ÷ϵɾʹá
ҶˣҶҵľӣҶԶټ£ɢĺȫɽҶԶڻʸɸѡ£ÿһλʿʳҪϰ󷨣ǹҪ¼ܣʸξϸȴְӣѺĽŽһ
ʸһǱŻޣ󷨣ͨһʿ󷨣һǧ˾ʵҶ¿۽硣
ҼȻɲǣҲ˵ʲôû鵤ѾͻƵءҶͨ俴ҵˣȴûһ𣬲ңȴɽڰǨ֮С
һĴ壬ӵʿʮ峤࣬ҲҶȵľ˾ˣԸѾӽҶԶΪҶʶҶҵǿ󣬼ϴҶնɱۣҴ٣Ҫ߻췴ҶǿʢͶҶѡ
˳ͺãȻʸʮڼѵãͻƵΪٹȻַһ߳ǳأȾʹӳƳǿʼҪ׼ҡؼңѩҼ֮ޣҶջԪڴѶǷ硣
𡢲ݡáΪ컯
ʯ֮ϣҶȲϲλ컯ȭǣһɵģҪϵĸС
ţ
ȻȫĲ͸컯ȭ֮ʱҶȵ֪֮УޣеɣٵĥѣϹ޵׷ɱȴɾͨɢڰµ磬µʼ
Ϊ
ĸ֣صײҶȵţ޵Ľ٣ʯеûȴʱеǳһĪͨúڰ磬˹Ϣ

һСϣͻȻԺƺǾǵУǣץסΧԶ߽ǰһֽͱƾܶϤ
籾˹ΰ漣͸͸ֻ֮䣬ֹͣ£䣬һųԸԡңƺڰ
˯ţҶȱĬĬȻ䣬Ҷۣգһȭԭӭһ硣
Ǿͷ޾ʱգصĿռ䣬һʥĹâ٣ǹâгһ˶Ľɫȭӡȭӡƺƿ˿ռһȻзӵйҫĺڣޣḷ̌ˮĺĺ񣬺Ԫط򶼱ȭһ˲䣬˿ռ䷨򣬺䡭ռ俪ʼ
ȭʼΰʥĹâﳼֿ־壬ɢ⣬ϣƻǻ𣬶ǻĿռ䣬һ
ʥĹâ£ҶȼǻĿռ䣬Ȼһҫ֮ƺռضܵϣΰǻ𣬴ϣ
ǵء컯ֻأźڰڰηûоԣûҲûв࡭
Ŀռ䣬˵ȭĹҫ֮ƺ磬䣬Ȼҫ֮أеֲǻĿռ䣬˲鵮͸Ÿǿʢ
컯ȭȻ£Ҫѧ컯ȭ뿴͸񷣬컯ȭԲ仯ޡΰܴ˲˼
ճ˻ϢУȴһŷָ·аһȭԾаָ
һʽڣҪܳʱ䣬ܷӳ̫̫࡭
ʩչ컯ȭһʽҶһθоƣζ֮ȴһµϢʲôڼӳ֣׽͸
컯ȭʥҲ߰˰ˣǶֵʱ򣬵һָʵجοˣ
ץʯʯҶȷָɵĵ


190 ߼޻
ïֵɭ֣һɽ羰컣ֹʯɽ罣ʤɭǱŴޣһɽȣ濴ȥȴһȴڲǬ

峿һƳ𣬷ƹҶȳɽϷһɨ㿴֮һֲӡֻɾǿ߲Եķӡ󷨣κɽ룬ֻ·һ
᰷ڵӣڱչУλɶߣ˷Ҳ֮УȻͷҲã©һ᰷͸籨ҲãȻȫС磬һʣ˭᰷ڱڴϢ
һ̣Ҷʩչ׹ǹûųϣģȻǱӡ󣬶ʱһľȴвΰɽȳҶǰ᰷ڣһڣȻŪ
ٿ
ҶȻգʧ
ɽϷʮƯյĹ֣λؾʮ棬ɹҲһ⣬Ҷɹ빬ƫһܴȴܼ򵥵ķ䣬˿̣˷һŰ׹ƺʲô칦ʮֲ
˸ûҶȴʱѾڷ䣬ߣҶȻָһһƽ˿ֱüģ͵һ˲䴩üģһԣҶȴһץ̰˷Ԫ뱾ʱ޷ϵ
ɱûɶоˣŰɣ˶ãͻۿնɱ㣡
Ҷһб޽䣬Ȼ⣬򸡿յǹϵĴϿһƬռ䣬һǿʢɽִ󣺡ǿռһռ䣬ߣУ󣡡
ɶףϿռ䣬һ󣬿ǿߣӵдǧͼͼ飬ʱն˵ûô
Ҷ˵꣬ΪһƳ⣬ϿշȥܿգһɿֲӡסҶȣɽҪǿһҶȲӲִһпʹݾߣֻʹôǧͼʱ֮ںϣ֪С
ȻղִǧͼҶ˱øޣ̤ʱշӡȴûκ谭˲룬һƬɴĶռ䣬Ҷǰ
ռȻ󣬵ȴȫǱƣٶɣռԵǳԽһ׵Ĵȫ룬ڴ룬Ưһֻɫ«ҶȶһǱģǺɷ
⣬ۣȻǺɷǸǸ߼Ѿӵвԣ᰷֪ڸֹ꣬Ž߼ӵԣ䱦һʵǸñ
Ҷ¶̰⣬Ȼɷ··һλߣ棬ò뾲ޣΪһ壺ϧˣһɱһ󷨣˵ᱻԶڱ᰷ڸַ
ɶףҶûͻɾʱԶԿȻûаջɱҲκβҶȣͻɾɶףһпɱҪɱΪһĶǿߣҪЩ򣬷Щ
󷨣Ҳ˾ԣ᰷ڳҿǺɷͣõ᰷ڵӣٺ٣
ɭɭЦЦҶȱڿУ˫ִһӡٶҶ˫һϣͻȻס͵طֿ˫֡
ݡ
ʥǹͻأشǰһ߾ƿնٶ֮죬߸ӦԸҪ۾һ̣ʥǹʹͷ­ֱĨɱԪԪߣҶ˲֣ջعʥǹһץסͷ­־
ͬʱһְֻʬϷں֮УһŶ׽𵤣̰ѽ𵤷ӡ̫¯Ȼסʬ壺Ѿסԭ᰷ڳϣǧˣ
᰷ʵȻǿᣬɳһٶţͨ쾳ͷҲв١Ҷ˲߼ȡҲȻ᰷һС
ɶʬ壬Ҳ㲻ݺãϧܱ
ҶȽŰʬͷ­̫¯Ȼɷǰ߼᰷ֻʮÿһڸ߽ɻͨ쾳ǿУǷԭ򣬴˵Ҳϧң
Ĩɱ־
Ҷȷһץһɻɷ֮Уɶ־Ĩɱ᰷߳ϽģʹõģڣӵпȨ
ںϣ
һɫѪҶ̵ɷɷʱ磬˸һڹ⣬ɷƺܵҶڵ̫־岻ѣԭɷҲаλ棬ܵҵ̫̳
·ˣû뵽ɷȻ᰷ڷڵĲر⣬
ɷҶһǿʢĺɷηҶȿ޴Ŀռڣӵǧ鼶ټиֵҩݣʯʯؼȵȣȼ֮䣬Ժֵӣıɾȼ

ҶȷһץںɷУɷǵ껪лӡҶһЦڼȻ᰷ίȫȻĨɱµӡֻһӡ˲߽⡣
ʥ׷ǲ߼ȣ̫Զˡɷߣȥ÷ɷ𣬽ȥ᰷ڣ޳ɴʥĺɷˣȡʮɷǿһ
ںɷɾ磬ҶȰ̫Ҷ֪ãǵȼ̫ͣҶȻ֡
ãھȡ󣬰деӣ
һץסɷҶȶſռϿգ̴߶̫ɷմɽȲûзʲô仯Ϊɷǰ룬ͷӡ᰷ڣȻǰеҲһͬ롣
ô£ϢԾ
ҿʲôˣȻúɷȡ󣡡
һǧӷʱѾһ룬ÿӶһһѣ󣬵ɶʵƿصĴܷģЩӾرȡɷû뵽ǻĺɷȴֶΡ
ɽȰɢȥҶҲɽϿգɽȣ֮һཨһǧӣȫɷ
кɷӡЩӣɴϢҲܣ
ɷɽȣҶһ֣һɻɽȣʱ֨֨ȼ
ھҪϵţȻ˱Լ˷֣ƻͲ
ٿ
ռһҶƿնȥʣܴ𣬰һлΪҽһ˿Ҳδ¡
֮Ͽգռ΢΢һ
ţҶֻˣһΣɲСҼңҪԶʧ½ʷ֮У
һ۵Ҷ߳գȻǰģҶһһʧһγ֣Ҷһɵ֮ϣС·ռ֮Уţ۱
׼ǱС磬ҶȺȻһɽ壬һȺŵۣйϢҶȾúϤȷϢҶ̱ɱҾͷ޲Ϣ
ʮƷڱϱֲףȻûеõǰҲΪϳӣʮճƷΪ״ӣ
лϣ
ֻϧûֹ壬ڱԵΪԽսʮأΪһҪ壬Ůɾɿ⣬⻹ˣ
ǣϣ
һȺҵӣ޲ԻһһҶһֲ䣬ҶջһЦø壬Ȼز¶ǵòǰʱŵɶأ̶꣬ͻأٶȣУܶԿɣǰʲôҲǣ

ҶֱӷСӡ󣬺赲СʱգһʮĿռ䣬Ҷ֮УС֮Увٸռ䣬ٿռ䶼ΪĳУʣռ䣬ЩؼҩȵȣС룬ȴʮλ߽󣬶ڴģһ󣬾ȻôҲʵ
᰷õ㾧񣬶һȽϴú㾧ƴ󣬶Ϊɰ뾳Ϻ㾧ȫɱ᰷һǧӣһǧҲвʮء½Ҫ솪
ɣ
Ҷȷһӣһɰڰգţ᰷һǧӣſҪʧĴ˲շɳռݴռ䣬ͬʱǿϯС磬СӡƺҲо仯˲侪С룬Ǽλ߽ɣһ¶־飬ΪѾӦˣ᰷ڵӣһвʮǿߣһ£С罫ӭһѪս


191 ѽ
䡭
Сӡ󱬷죬Żصʮӣһ˲֪ɷ²еľŴΪڵ£Ǿд·ȴ֪׷˺¡
ռ䣬ʥԺ̷ɳ˿̱˴˴
ô᰷ھȻš
᰷Ұģɻʲô棬֪ͨʥԺӣС볤ϣɱߣ
ʥԺѧ໥ÿ˶֪С緢£뵽᰷ڣЩѧľս᰷ϮһɴսԿģȻţЩѧֻΪڻҡ
˲䣬Ƽʻᣬ½ĺʥԺӡɵӣȫŸϻ
ŵС磬λž͵Ϯڣţ
᰷һǧӣ󲿷ֶΪŻҪ࣬ʮλʮǿߣһŷȻ͵ϮһֵȣСӡ˳ɱȥ
ɱ
ССռ䣬ͻȻշɳһλλʥԺӣǳϣҲ٣ʵȻȲ᰷ڣһС󷨣ͷʵˮ֪С
䡭
˫սǧַɣ꣬ݺᣬɱҲ֣սɢС綼ڽһѪս᰷ڵɵӣùĪС磬ΪڻңҰ
֮սͲǵȭţǷĶɱԽԽŵӽС磬սࡣ
ԤıҷڣУҪ֪ͨڣǰԮ
һλʮ᰷ǿߣСΪߵˣҪ֪ϲɾأСӡѹ͸ֻܷ֮һţԿμƣԮ
λõģ᰷ǱС磬ֿԣǴ߶ô֮ѹǣһһɱ
СģʮλϣۼһΪ֮䣬ʱ򣬾ȻִշʮλϣЩĺǱޣһյźţһһ˻ս
ĺطҲв뿪ǧꡢǿߣʥԺӣһһ½ϻ죬еӶһͬš
С˿£λһ󷨣ԿС磬ȴǿ߾ԮֻҪһϵžҪ𣡡
᰷ڼλʮǿߣС£˴Ŀһһټ˾ۼһһǧӪÿ˼ǿһϿգһԲ֣һ󷨣ַۼ룬γɷ󷨱ԴԷ֮зЩӣԴʱ䣬ȴԮ
Χ
԰޲ȳʥԺӣ̼Χ᰷ڣÿ˱Էŭǿɱ᰷ڵӣڰкãû뵽᰷ڲˣһڳ˽
λϣӣǿţ߶Ը᰷ڵӣɳֵӣȥּҪмʿۼţͬԵУһʥּȻմ
ǣ
벻ٳϿʼȻɰ켸ʮλ뿪С磬ټܳӣʼȥ
᰷ھȻԱ͵ϮԲסҪ֣½ʷϣŴ᰷꣬ڱŽ֮½ڣһֱţ
Ǿȫնɱ
᰷ֻڲŸոտʼֶΣ֮ǻԵӣԱʽս
ڱչأʮҪΣſΣյʱ򣬲ò֪ͨԼȥ֪ͨ
СģʮλϣһƴһԲߣ᰷͵Ϯ᰷Ҳãµ񣬸ˣ᰷ڲݣҲ̵ڶ
úãŻлû뵽صôӦʮصɰ뾳Ϊ̫ˣһ᰷ڴѹ֮ʱͲһ浹滢൱ܾ˲пͷʲôʬ塢㾧ҲҪˣúЩԴԸ᰷ڰɣҾͿֶܼã
ݡ
СգҶһֱУһս֮СȻȴڣǿֻţɾµӣһƵ᰷ڽ뿪˼᰷ܿס
סɵɣÿӶһ㣬ǣ˭Ҳߣ뿪ţΪǵļ壬˶½Ͼڻƿش½᰷Ҳһлϣ
Ҷָһ᰷ڷΪǿɶʬ壬᰷ڵϿյķ֮ϡ
찡ǡǳϣ
ϱɱˡ찡ɶ޵ǿߣôôˣˡ
֪ͨţ죡
֮£һǧӼʬһ˲䣬ÿΪ֮һĶ͸ˣͷƤ飬־壬һը˹ź
ɶס
ػڷΧɳϣӣ᰷ڵ˻ͳͳҲˣˣҲһһλɶ׾ͷȻ֮Уʷ֮Уδй¡
ÿһλϡӣΪ᰷ڣйĿܣڣ᰷һλϾȻڣƾһ㣬ɴս޷ı䡣
Ǹɱɶ׾ͷߣѵ᰷ıô˽ڶŷ
С룬ÿλ϶ܶɾǿߵʢϢ˲侪ľ˴һɳʬţΪػߣǶ֪޷ɱɶǿߣôֻһ㣬Ǳ˼޻
󹦸ɣȥ̫û˾ͷ
ʵעҶҲ˿¾͵᰷ڵ᰷ڴڷ緶·񣬸׷ɳϵôģֻҪţκɣǶҪŶ֡
ҶȷһץһЦ᰷ڷ£ͻȻһ᰷ֲڵӶôһ£ֻǿ˺󷨣һǿϯȥ
͡
ɵӣɵϯ˲ɨһ룬һС룬ûʣ¼õģһʧȥɵӡ
ɱɱ᰷ڣ
Χɵӣͬʦֵȥۣеı˴֮䣬һˣֵܣˣ뵽᰷ھһ͵Ϯ׼ɵŭ𣬲ɷ˵ͼ᰷ַڵһξ
ѪսֿʼˣѾǶǳɱš᰷˫һѡ
С֮⣬šʥ塱塱쳽塱ȵɽ壬ʱƼŴӣǵΪһٴе龰
ˣ½ҲˣȻҲܵʱ򣬾Ҷҿʼһһֵʱ̣
뿪С磬ҶϿգȻţиϤףҶȲмһЦӰһΣʧ֮С
ɲǳ⼸ɽʱɽǰž֮أڣɽķʮæµţŮæռ׳ƽϲò֡
ʱɽһϣٳһɽʮɸߣҶصأֻҶԶҵ峤ϲſԽ룬ʸҶȷһֱУִ֣ڣڣһͻȻһʸɡ
ˣ
ʸһ˵̸ôж
ӭˣ
ɲҴ⣬̹վֱֱģʸɡΣּصȴš

ںȻһ磬ţҶȴ֮һ߳ݲȣʸɡʩ
Ҷȵͷһץͽ֮УΧһУҶһҲİڱ𣬷һУԾҶϷûʸɡࣺ½ֻƯ֮һдڲټ壬ɣ᰷ڣɾв٣ͨ쾳УǴУú׼ƶƻ֮󣬻ʸʽȡһǳأƳǣ
Ѿ׼ü׷
ʸվóֵͼҶȥ


192 
˿̣ɽֻҶһˣʸɡɽΪʿҶΪʩչɾǿ־ÿΪҶҴӰСѮΪһһɣеʳߣҪͻɡ
ҶЩˣѾɸ߽ףɽһ֮ңΪͻߣҶԶ
ɾҩǿ߷£Ҳӵо޴棬οһ鷲ˣҶԶͷšڵȫѱ䣬رǾǳʮ޴ֱǲϴڣҶԶΪֱӴʮͻƵɰأͻƵɾأɾüͻơ
Ҷһɨȥ˶ﵽɾˣҶԼλҶ棬ϾҪɾʮʿȫǵΪķһ¾ͻƵɡ
˴ҩҶΪôѸͣһݹͣҶ־²þĽõľ󲻹ǹģЧԲҶܱģھ£Ҷʿˣڻһɾǿ߷ëϴ裬ΪЧȻԡ
һ඼ʥƷʺϵɾʹãʳߣӵһÿһλʿҲӵзһǾרõķڻʸɴУдһЩʮӣÿһװʮ־
ҶҾޱ䣬Ҳ츲ر仯ʮʮͶҶңΪˣҶҲ÷ó˾һţҷ֮󣬻Уҵˣ󲿷ֻδڣȻһɣǻǲΣʲôʱۡ
ͬʱŵӣȫһڱټֻм棬˿ӣûɽ෴Ҳ˸־
ԪصʮŵӰǱɽһΪ֮ʱĿɿڴţҪõһöƷҲǳ룬ڣƷ洦ɼ˵
ֻ𺳣п־壬ΪǷҶҵˣÿһ˶ǵɸ߽ףҶҶҵӣż겻һ¾޵õɸ߽ףҶ˱仯Ԫһɸ߽ȴֻʿӺһֱҪ裬̫ˣɸ߽ǿߣȻΪʿ
һһÿ˽ƽҲ֪Ҷı仯ҶȾΪˣʲôţܰ쵽顣
ҵľޱ䣬һһȰͶҶңǣҰԼ̫ߣƲҶңΪ˼δݱҶȣϻؼɲǣȡҳΪĳһ·
᰷ڻûжſܳŲʱ䡭
һҶȱһһȻڷټӣַҩ̶죬ʵߣСڵ᰷ڷڵӣֻʣ¼ڼ֣ȫΪǿߣۼһǺܾ˵ģٻܼ¡
ʱ죬᰷ǽפ½ˮݣҶŻʱԹ˲Ͼ´ңҶҽǧҵʱ
½ɱ֯ϽǡɽЩһһҪշ
Ҷջ۳˼Ƭ̺󣬻˫ֻһɿֲɻҶȶɾʱɽ編ٵɻ𣬱𡢺ɷ߼ɻ
ǻϵɻ𣬷ǳֲһͷţͨ쾳ǿߣҲҪնҺǷǳ󣬵ҪҲһܰ쵽ģһ¾ҪͻɶףĽҲпܣ
Ӵ˺úˣͽ𣡡
΢΢һ֣ɻʧҶ֮УҶȼͶһץעУͶʱڣںѾԵɾûôҪ鵤͸Ӹ߼ҩ
Ͷգ΢΢תȼգҶȰѺɷ᰷ڷڵҩҩҩֱڶڣҩ࣬׷뺮ͶһṦֻ뺮Ͷ£һſŻ鵤ɳǧ
ͬʱҶóϣʯʯԼʣҪʥƷҶĿǰʵһ·´࣬ҪҪͻɾпܡ
һʱ䣬ڴ֨֨ȼաըɽڣ˶ܸܵɽڴĴһɹ㣬֪ҶƵҩڴţҶУܡ

һ¹ȥһ죬ʮӰɽɳͷҶ뾣ʮʿ
֣ϲѾ޵õɰأʮռ۷УԽƶˣ½ȥҶȴ⼸ڣΪӵͻƵɰأһͻһ㾳磬ҶΪеˡ
ҲһЦݣ¶ЦݣҶ֣н죬Ҷַģһᾡţ
ŵҵ֣˳ҲһТ֮ӣ֣ߣҶȴһӣʮһ˲ʧɽ֮ϵƺ
ţ½ɱ֮֯һɲ¸γһʵɱɱ֯ټʮ׷٣û֪֯ںδҶǿ£ֻҪǿߣΡ
þǰɱƣͷһƬ׷ٸӦҵڣ¸ֻɲڻҶܸܵǿϢȷɲ
¸ϼҶӵ¸ϢһܸӦͬϢڣǱ¸ڡ
½ϷʮֳʪطǺ󣬶һƬθӵĺȺ֮һСׯСׯǸС壬ÿȻʿϢ
񲻹Ů٣ǵΪʿ٣Ϣƽĸũ԰Ϣ
ǣôϢȴ޷֮У̺Ѫ¾֮Щ˶ѪĶߡ
֣ţǲ򵥣ɣҲԿߣϸΪǸ򵥵Сӣ
Сׯ׸ߵϣҶһƯƲУÿ⸩ʮλʿһһߣֻоΪͣȻҲ޷
ֻͼɱ֣ǰҲܲںδȴû뵽ȴ󷽷ǰһˣ˭뵽һСׯȴܲڣ
Ҷתʮâǵʿסʮκһߣ
ǣʮʿӰһֱʧʮͬ򣬰СׯмӣŹκһˡ
ݡ
ӰһҶ뾣˲ʧգۼ䣬˾ͳСׯڣǰһǽũģĺӣҶ뾣˴ƣ˿ʼ·ƿ\ľţֳֹĴ庺Ѹײڶ֮ΧסҶȶˡ
һϢˣȻһֲƤ磬ǶƣȫǷˣһȣʲôˣǴӲӭˣ
Ҷ÷ϻĿһɨߣøţߣգȡģ
ţɱ֣䣬̷źţ׼۶ɱҶȡһ̣ͻȻ˫ͫһ⣬⼸ɱ֣䵹أ˲û
ֻһҶһɨֱɱˡ
ˡ
ͻȻСׯһͳ˷ţСׯ뷿ݣСׯ֮أû˶Ŀ£ˢˢУ͸ǿɱϿյһһ޷ɷУȻ׷׹䡣
ʲôϷԳ
Ҷȳͷھ֮ǰСɽ壬ӭһŴѾʷĴڣڣһݣéݷҲ߷ûκβͬ
洦ƾɲ£ӣƲЬЬƺܼ࣬һжԻ˵ļ
ݡ
ҶȡֵԶͻȻž࣬һڱƿŰ¶ҡֳѪеɱ֣ӽɱ
ǵȷӵ˯
ۿɱ־ҪϺգٶȿģҶһ𣬼ɱֶʱķѣһƬ⣬ɢڵϡ
šԶ½ʷʧɣ
Ҷȼȥȴ˫ָ֣һһƽɫˮڿзڣ෿ݡ
䣡
ݶʱըһͷҵɱ֣ڱըеĳ飬еıըɼΣѪģҶÿһһ˵£һը죬Сׯ𺣣ҡ˼


193 ¸
䣡
𺣲ϱը־ڱըʧһ߾ɱʬ壬˽ֵ塣
Ҷ󣬿һ亹ӿ죬ɱ˷ֱɱҶȸûգ۾˵ɱɱ˵ֵ˼˻СǸŮͳͳΪʬ
ţԶʧɣ
УҶͻȻһžڰգһһЦǿ̾ڰҳãҾԶΪ
Ķ֣
һץ˲СׯϿգڵգһֻɵĴֻ֣͸ʥӫ⣬ΧգѹýڽڰˣҲһһֳֻŻһУҪʧ
⡭һ̣͸оĶһ˵һСׯţҲܲסѾǷ˸еΪУ͸Ųɿܵ־־£һжҪ𣬾У٣ڶɽٶȻ£ǲ࣬ҲҪ١
Ӱ
ʲôˡǿߣ㲻죡
Ķֳֹ֣ܵ𣬾СׯڰǿߣҲоͷƤ飬һΰϷ˵ʱʱ죬ʮλɼɱ֣㳯˷Ӵܡ
¡
ѹСׯֻ֣ں䣬ѿռѹ飬羵Ƭһѣ޵еŴ˲Сׯʱ𶯣һݻκλ桢ݡʬ塢ԼЩӳȥɱ֣տ磬ͳͳһڻ»Ϊ촷ۣʮɱ֣ûʣ£ڷ֮¡
ոջСׯһ̳һƬ棬žŷղһжûзƺСׯû֡
Ҷ֡ţ߰ɣ
ɱУҶߣٿ·棬˲仯ΪЩȥⲻص־ڻһ̣оǳСǳ΢
ҶȻָ֣·Цһɣ㾳磬ǰΣ
ţһȻҶȻһ£˻ţûһ쳣
䡭
ͻȻƿһѪ˴ӷ泾̷ɳ屻һ΢ţ͸ɼȻǸ꣬òֻжʮ꣬Ӣֻǻ͸ɭɭа֮
ɰΪһ£֤ʵһӵһǳͬķſԿסһɣҶһɨȷǰа꣬ûκܣֻһǳƷڱ
ϺѪɫѪ˫סţǲȥĿһҵضҶȣ˭½ûǿߣŸûе㣡
һϢģҶ˿ڣûеңҵļ壬ҵĸףǰɱƳؼҺҶҳ֣ɳһ⴨ĵɱ֣ϵҵ£֪
Ƴǣ
һȻѣƺʲôǰƳ׼ҡؼҵȷұھԸ˭Ҳûʣǿؼҳ˸ķϣҲӦ
ɫ壿ʲôʲô½һţգڣʲôɱ¾̫أ첻㣬Ҵ죬ͷ㣡ҶͻȻָһɫһһɫȥ
ɫ䣬ʲôǣոնһ£ǽɫʹ͸ͷ­Ƥһϣû֪忪ʼȼգһһʧһɫ׳ա
ҶһץױǰĿһɨҶȱѱ׸ԣƷǿƷʲʺ㣡
⡭մף͸о̺ǿϣԵסǿ߹ոѾ֤׵ķ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵ㿰ĽǿߣһͿնɱһɣɰأȴһв֤׵ķõֱˮı
֣ȥ¸¸ЩԵ֣ҳǿʧˣɲɱ
תͷţо¸λãԾ˵꣬ͷֶΣžʧա
⡭ô£
ãʧٵСׯʮũװɱ֣Ϊܲһʱ䲻֪룬ֲ
šˣ

½ϷһƬɫɭ֮½˵ֺ࣬һֺȴʮʮֳ㡣
λʦãӣǲŹң
ɭɽصɽ֮䣬вٸӦ󷨣ΧµŮػ󷨣оϸ΢仯
һɽ壬һƽ̹أϿɷУŲ¥ŮշУ
Ůӣػԣȴڱ˴˶죬Ƥɰ䲻ʮֻʮ֮䣬Ϊȴǵһء
λ鷳ȥͨǸһ˵¸ϣǰĹѣ˰ݼ
ͻȻ֮УͻأسӰҶȡվһɽۣӭǹֺһڴˣ죬˷ŷͬڣһ̳Ʈ١
⡢ǵһͨ󷨡
ΪߵŮӣأλŮӣȥ֪ͨټˣȥܼʶˣŮ˵̳꣬ɽغؼٷȥ
سϡ
Ůƺʮ־㵣ֱע֮УƬ̣һλλŮӣǷΪڵ֮䣬ҲиʮŮӣһűϢ
¸ǸڲͬĵطȻɱ֯ɱ¾֮ʮǿʢʮ֮һ
ããֺһʯĸɽۣ֮Ҷ뾣Կ磬ȴţҶȣ¸ɱ֯صһÿɱֲŮӣҺ½һֻΪַź
ˡ
ھ˵꼸֮һֺϿո֣ȻֲǰŷֹʮɼϢ˲һƬɳһӰÿһ˶ŮӣΪһأǰλŮӣΪߣҪͻɰء
λŮӻһŮһһͣ£һǰǧףҶȰͣ£Ҷ뾣ȴֿ͸ҶϢĮȻڣ¸˭ӵСõϢ
Сã
ŮӵĻҶһ㶣ͻȻһɨŷŮϣȻһͬϢȻǿʢѪ֮У͸ϢϢصϢҶȿǰһ֮Ե֪ûи˵¹Ӥ
Ǹˣ
˭֪ŮһȻףͷǿϢСأΪ⼸ʧȥϢ
ⷬǿƣһҲûҶȶĵΣˣԺ֣Ҷȵ̾ǰΪҡѾ䣡
ʲôŮһ˫ü
Ҷһ¸ֵ˼ҲûУΣģһ뾡취
ߣΪʲôˣȻСΪգҾҪС֮飡
ŮӣͻȻһգ۾Ҷǰ֣һɿֲԴݿֲƣһҶš
ǰҶûܣҲûзƾŮһƻţ𾪵ؿţŮӣҲһʱ֪룬һƣȫΪ˸˱ȫԸ
Ҷ֡
ʧɫû뵽ҶȾȻûж֣װ˶һƣԷǿߡ
ţ
ڴ˿̣¸𺳵طԼȫҶϣȻ޶ԣҶԷûʵսκֶΣһʱõŵŵź˼Ҷȵһ
֣ģû£
һסþģȻ˫Ȼһ˿ζ¸ҽΪǰ¸󲢲㱳λɣ
ԭҶһ֪¸Ҫǿܶ࣬¸󰵴һǿߣȻɰ뾳ǿߡ


194 ˲ɱ
㡭
¸񾪻ţһһʱԼ˫֣һʱֿҶȣƺ벻ͨȫһȻ֮ǰӤһ£ֻǸȴһ׵ĳǿߡ
¸ŮӣҲ֤ⲻ˼һĻʲôǿߣܽܳɹδš
¸һοŮ֮к£
ȻһλŮӴһ߳һɫۣʮ꣬ķ飬Ȼ̬򷽣ѩǰޣҲǸ߸ϣɰ뾳Ϊ԰½
ĸ
¸ŮӣλŮʩŮ¸ǣ֣Ů˺ɻشҶȣ˫üҲž졣
Ҷһƽżɽֱ˵⣺˴εãҪΪ¸δ֪ǰǷ춯
Ůӡĸɫһ᣺½˭֪ټӣҪ᰷ڿսɣҪһۣ£¸кιϵ
ǰ½ʷϣԶַ¢ϳưԶ꣬ټĳҵļ壬ѹţ޷ϣʵһսһְţҵĿĺܼ򵥣Ʒš᰷ڣҼΪ½еɣ壬ܷߣһһɱ֮ǰѾţ¸ɲϽǵȵǰ¸ҲԵش棬¸ӴԺҪҶҺõҵıӻȻҲΪǺã᰷ڵõ½ҰģԲ¸Ҹһʱ俼ǣ֮ǰԸ⣬뿪½
Ҷǿ˵һ㣬ÿÿ仰˾Էӣǹ־һУһ¸ŮӶ޴ֻ֮С
ĸ˫Ǿ㵣ȻҶҡĪǾǧǰǸҶ᣿
ڸĸʣҶȲûȣ˽꣬½ʷȻ˽⣬Ҷ΢΢һͷǣӵҶΪ½֮ʵ½˵һǳ˵õҶңð׼ҳΪ½֮ҶʬҰѪɺӣѪҪֻû᰷ڣҲҪϻעģ
ǰֻҪ¸Ҷңǿѹ½ĺӭһʱʱֵ죬ǰһָǣ
Ҷ΢΢ʩתҶһ֣뾣ʧӰ٣׽ȥ
¸Ůӣ˲Χ¸ת긾ŮĸǺξ磿
һأһʵǿޱȣҲ͸ָܻţΪ൱ʮֹأʮֲöԸеӹ۲½עǲ˵
ҶҡǧǰҶҲһϵҶҵ棬һ˽ܣǧǵʤˣ½ȷҪˡ
ĸŮþδȥҶͻȻã״´ӽ¸Ͳ沨
ʱ֮¸յɲʧϢ֯ȫټʣһƬ棬¸£۱䡣

½Աһʮһѽɽ½Ϊ֮أ̡
ǰҶϽɽǴУҶʶֵܣõɼף˵ȵȣҶеһΣգȴҲΣеõúôΪӡ
Ͻǣ
ϽɽԵһǳأǶϽɽΨһһǳأɶϽɽƿأŵӣҲٴη
ʱҶ뾣ڶϽ£ڽǴУҶͷ͸ǳϽɽ
ϽɽȻ̣мǿϢɾǿߡϽǣš᰷ڶҵ
ϽǣҲһ֣ɾǿֶΣζϽɽһУЩ˼
ջҶƬ̾ͰѶϽɽǿһһӦЩǿߣϢͬˣҰǿамǿߣҶҲҴ⡣
һǵһϽǣ½ĳǳأǵʿϽǣŹκһ֪ҶȳҪȡ½ϽҲ
¸ٴϽǣҶľƽеΪ˵ĸоȥ½ĽԴ½κ˽⣬ýĻ󳼷ΪЧͣô࣡
󣬶Ͻǵһ½ٳǳأзָ½ʵһ
Ȼ֯¡Ҷ뾣ȥһȦȻֱóĻԱһλԱҪЦĳǰ
ãҽϢԱʼûҶȡһ̷̬һٰʮת䣬һҸˣĸҵ
ڣҶ뾣ƷŲ裬ҲּۻۣãȻһЦݵĳЦķ糾ɵĳҶǰռ棬ЦǺǵĴкȻҶСֵܣһֵһΪҲ͸
Цģ겻ͨ籨ţôᱻ뻪ͰҶס
ҶȲΣ᰷ϵ򵥣΢΢һЦЦ㣬ôָȻûһı䣬ЦЦҲȻ綯ˣ
ҶֵܣʲôҪᣬЦЦһ顣ЦҶ£һֻ뿴ҶȾ磬͸
ҶȲʹϵģһЦЦЦ㣬¹ȥˣ꣬ȴаҵ٣߸ˣҲʦ㵹ǰһ˺һף
Сֵܿɲֽܹѽ˭Ǹ᰷ڵӣһнֻҪ᰷һҪ˾ͱ㣬ǵ˵ģ治ˣ
ЦҲһίṩҶһϢ᰷ڵӣֲ½վȽŸΪ½һ᰷зֲĹϵ
Ҷһа㣬˷µĴУóƣЦģ䲻ȵĵʦƣǸ̸ʦҪ¸֪
ЦĲҵƳȥˣҶͷѳЦһһЦĳȥ󣬽һңһ󷨣߶֮󣬱˵Щʲôó֮С
ЩأãҾͿǺη
ֹͣһ̣ҶѾӦֻеȴЦϢһᣬЦľҶǰǸһ͸СֵԵƬ̣
ҶȵͷʵЦЦ㣬ǽ󣬳½½Ҳзָ𣿲ҪȥԺҪֱҽ󣡡
Ц˶ƷҶȣֻ½Ӫδ½ͨҪȥ½ӪѡСֵܣ᰷ڻòպɻڴвǽңѽ
ôһ죬ֵһᶦ
Ҷ볽Цһĳ̸ӽ̸УҶղٽӪ飬Űʱȥһλ߽ңֻһ񣬳ЦľףվҶȵҶֵܣѾڶ¥ȥ
鷳ЦЦ㣡Ҷ̴Ͼ泽Ц߳ңҶһۼߣȻǿߣһоϷоŵϢϢڰУ͸ɱ֮
ղԣѵȻ᰷ߵúܾã᰷֪ڷ飬˷ɱĪǼóƣģ
˾ŲʮȻǽȻţû֪ǸˣķǱɱΪҲǳ֣
Ƭ̣ҶоͶƲ뷨Ѻܶͷβϸһ룬ó𰸣⽣ʧ
ҶȰи֪׼һɫҲûУ෴ͫ¶ҶȣҲս֮ġ
¥㣬˽룬˰أǵɸ߽ףЦҶȡ͸㣬λصſڣһóҶǰ
Ǹ룡
ãһλߣʾóЦֹȻҶȡãгһλʹ˸ɫ
ãת磬ǴڴϷһλˣһͷͼڳۣһϢޣ˫棬ҶȣԱߣվһߣΪ
ʮءڴǲӣһλ
ĿһԣҶȾ͸ܵɱķҲǱɸ֣ҶǰЩС
ͻȻһ᰷ڵӣΪƣںδ
Ȼ
Ҷȵ⣬ԷһͿżɽһ˼ûУҶ˵ĸ죬ҶͻȻһҫߣ쿪ָͷָһץͷ­㱻ժҲȼ棬˲Ϊҽ


195 Ͻ
һʮǿߣĺŲ༶ӣô֮䣬Ҷժȡͷٶϵ޷죬ɱˣ΢΢һָ֣һӼ䡣
һλݺ½ǿߣȻغ޷ȡͷǺεȵı
ʮأǰڳһӣ
ǲһָ΢һͷ­ʼ飬Ҷޱ飬ϣʵ᲻Ȥһʧζ
󡭡ˣ
ãλ߲Żһ£и߸ϵĲȻôȥ˫ңԱ׼Ҷȳ֡
ৣ
ʱ䣬Ӱɳߣ߻ϣҲΪǿɾأҪǳȥ½ԿɳΪһǰҲûǿ
һȺ߹΢ߣȻңȻѰ·ͱĺݣָһҶΧͻȻһɲɿƣһɫ˿ĽݵգڵĿռ䣬ȫƿء
ǡ
䡭λߣݺ½ǿߣһ˲ڽ£޿ɷ޷Լˣɴ۾٣һ̾Ҫսᣬǲŷֹԭ˿ɹ
ǣӣ
ߵɫһ˲һһ͸λǿţڵĿռ䶸ȻݣȻҲݣը߲һһɣը춯أΪ֮һڲеˣ챻ը

Ҷ뾣Ӻзգ·ǰ糱Ľֻʣһ棬ϰ벿һͬʧΧֵ̡ȥ¥գһˣһԶ⣬Χˡ
֮ǰý½Ժн׾ӪǣȴзҵϢȥ᰷ھ֪һΪǿϧһжʧɣ
ϷҶ˫ޱ飬ͻȻҽһ·ռͻȻѣһɻϽǵϢڿռͷţֻռ䲻³ȻֽڼʮɽȻſռһһ飬κεʣһƳƬſռ仯Ϊʧںڰ֮Уռ飬ǣȴˣʣһƬǽ塣
찡ֶΣˣ
ԶΧȺһ󾪺ֹͣҪԶʧҶȣʵ̫С˼һţռ䶼ҪѣҪϽǣ׾١
Χס
ǿըϢѾϽؾдǳصǿߣȻ˷ǧƵʿǿߣ֮ʿҶȡΧʵʵȴҿ벽Զڰ֮⡣
Ҷ֣ϽǹȻһʿҪͽ׵ɣۼǿߣǵɸ߽ɾǿߣҪܰѶϽ£ʵȻߣ
𺳳棬ˣȴǧΧסƽһΣһ֮Ȼид֡
ЩСආ䵱ڻҲ࣬޶ɣЩʿ٣ǿ£ϽǿߣϽߣӦòԸһȺǿߣϹ
ҶһƳĮȻǣҪĿģǶϽߣǿߣݺ½꣬żҲû취գȴҪ£½
ϡߡȻͷƤ飬С̤һ̣Ź½һλ޵ǿߣϽߣһ֣ͳ壬ҲҪ֣˵Ǵ½ôϽ߾Ǵ½ֻչˡ
ĿͽҶϽǷ
˿̣ڶϽϿգĿ֮£ٶϽǿߣѹѹسҶǰγһɷľƣ߳һߣ˾ȻҲʮǿߣѮߣʵס
ǿᣬڳʿʿһдģԷʲôǸ֪ǶԷʵ׾پ󣬽ʵǱ˭Ŀŵ˵ȫ˼Ŀɽ᰷ڣ˵˸᰷ڡ
᰷½Ѹٹ̣ǶϽߣҲˣҪ᰷ڷκĦɼϽҲɵ᰷ڼ֣ȴ˷
ССһʮأȴֿ˵
ƣʿͷŵľҶͻȻע£мһЦͻȻһһ⣬λߣȻŻɻʿʿԼϽʿо飬˫ȷͼλ߻ΪһƬҽ΢µȻ޴档
һʮǿߣգ۹ǰ䣬һ˲䣬ʿʿҶѪŵûҴں뿪֪ʲôʱֵǣÿжףԶԽеǿ
ҵĵ̣ɱˣҲҪ˰ɣ
ͻȻչһ쫷磬ӹɵƲ㣬պ󷽣һƬѹѹĺӰƺһֻ޴ڷС
ߴҪˣ
䣬˷е˸˷ܣδ¶ȴ½պյҪسʿһһ£ʿҲӭ
ҶһЦգλˣϽǣѳ˷棡
ÿļһǶϽǣҰĵط
ͻȻһҰƬӰбţһλźڼסһһɳѪսߴһɶŭգ߸߾սͷſԻռǿƣҶȾһͷ
Ҷ֣Сģ
ڼŭһ̣ȻܵʸɡǿϢɽȻõ˰ǿϢȻҲʮϤϢɾĴڣλڼŭȻҲɾǿߣʶһ仰ҶСӦ
һʥˣǿߣʥһףȴһҪǿĶ࡭ʵǰ
Ѫɫ޸˲䣬ռһ߽⣬ǿϢҪϽϢҶͷŵϢҪǿٱҶôҲ㲻սҪ飬ǹʣ
ڶϽǷһˣҲĵһˣڼŭҶȲʮɣ޸ȴѾҶϷһɡ
ʥǿ߳ȫһҶȸû˿£ҲȻƵ˲ףΪ˵ƺ׼ڴŭŭһ̣ٶȼӿһ

ֹͣźڼŭսҶȣսۿҪҶͷ߾ʱͻȻͻȻ֣ʳָָס棬ĽײŷսҶȼסҶ˫֣һ᲻ɴݡ

ӶϽǴ˵һĻǴ۾ٽҶȱڼŭҲпܱҶȶһǣû뵽ҶȾȻָסս׾ٲɫͻ˺ڼŭһ

ڼŭʱÿ־壬κ˶𺳣ʵԺɨ½ڣȻһСָ࣬⣬ֶΣδδŵ¡
ֶγźڼŭϽĿ⣬ҶȵǿҶȵ䣬Ѿ޵УΪˡ
ʥһף۷壬ϢͻƴʥҲнʱ䣬һǿߣɣ㲻
ҶͻȻɭɭһЦָһָս֮ϣڼŭһһ³һѪȻͬսһƬӰ
һĻֿĿɿڴʲôֻ΢΢ָһǿĺڼŭȻ޷֮
˿̣ҶӭĿĿ⡣
գž޴Ӱһֻڽô޴󣬶ڽ֮ϣվʮλˣÿһ˶ͷصǰˣǱڼŭڵˣͳͳɾǿߡ
˺ڼŭλʥǿߣ¶ͬϢѪͬԴǳüַۣϺۣڣ͸ǿơ
ݼߣ
ʿʿ̳λü۵ķ꣬ͷߺޱȣûһ㲻

һλĳüߣ΢΢һ֣̼𣬺ϡ
˿̣Ͻǳ׷˭Ҳҷţʮְǵͫ鶼˵һ㣬Ͻߵĳ֣Ѫȡ


196 һս˫
硢硭ĺܣһףֵȫһƲϣ޸о
ڼŭЩλߣŭضҶȼۣȻλ˵
λߣóһڼŭ£ȻؿҶȣһۣʱһɻ󣬴ʵҶϽ£ܣλֵ̨ˣк£
ֵܣܲ򵥡
һԣЩϢζҶȵĵ鵹һ׮ڣλߣӦʮһս磬ս֮
ֵҲд⣬ҿɲ˶Ͻǣеֵˣȥɽһս¶һ˿Ц˵
ã
ˬӦתҶȶԾ֣ڴ˵أҪЩʱʵڵȾˣҸطȼģˣûκв
ǧ⣬ʮɴӦȻĿҶʧڶϽϿգҶǷţĵףǵģһֱҶȣŶܿ顣
ĬĬ֮УѾȫҶңȻҶǽֵܣУȴҶȵֵ˿ϣ˾롣

ϽɽһƬԭΧɽչſ磬죬ôظ֨ҡҷҪӭһꡣ

Ӱǧ׸գҶȶһԶϽɽߣҶȺȻɽ֮У̺һɾϢģܴȻʮֳ㣬ȴҲԶԶ½طǶϽɽڲ꣬ҶֻΧһɨɽ̾ϢȻǵĵ
Ҷջ޵ϽɽӪĲλߣ̾˵Ѿкܳʱ䣬ƺڷչв޶ѱ䣬ҪѾҪʥȥ½ǵ̣
ֻǷܺư½ŲСС½Ҳֵֵ죡λһֱû˵ߣƺȨߣһ˵λߣʮֹ
˵ĿģϣߣҺΪãҾͻ᰷ڣҶͳ½ĺԣҲϣڷ־κ־ҶҪĨɱ᰷ڻţһλߣʵף᰷ڣκв᰷ڳҪȡ½ͳȨʱֻж᰷ڳңҪǳǺҶң£½СҵĿģ
һ̣Ҷ˿ҲֶΣҪ߾λߣӡҲؼ½Ψһɾǿߣ涼޷Ტ᰷ֻۣڿԻǡ

ͻȻλһЩߣЦλڼŭҲ̲סЦ˼᰷ڿ⣿ֵ˶꣬ңʲô
Ҷ˿ŭ糣˵ҲʲôȲ᰷һ鲻ӣҶԣκˣǰϣκߣҪɱҾͿżɽ᰷Ϯ֮£ΪΪ᰷ս𣬽᰷֣֮ţɱ᰷ڣ֮
λһЩߣʵ׾٣ܣ֤ʵɲ⣬֣֣ʵȷԳΪ½᰷ȴһޣҪŭԷ

ҶһЦ÷Ŀǰʵ޷濹⣬֮ҾǷ棬ͨ쾳ǿҲκβң˵ƺܼףΣգұκ˶ˣǴΣлȡᣬһԡѪ߹ģ򣬺нң
Ҫ᰷ҲףĿǰ㣬᰷ڶֵ֣ˣȴҪչδһðգȨƵλߣն˵
ҶȵͷܸܵѪٶȣϢ룬ҲʮҲ⣬ʮ⣬Ϊҵļ壬ҲһίȫҪһ㣬᰷ڳҪͳ½ĺЩνĴζԸģǱҸֻðգٶԼԣҿ᰷⣬ǲУֻУû֣֮
˿̣ߣ侲ΪҶ˵ǸаԶҲûƽ㣬Ҳ½СѰ֮ء
ҿ˺һǿͳһ½ȴ᰷ڶ濹⣬Ǹðκηգ£½ǿߣҲǿʵѣҶԣȫûкô෴ǺһʵһǵʱԸңҶֳ˼һ˼飬֮ü֣Լ˲ó
Ŷ
λһϲǶǰһǲ£ǿʵֲõ᰷ڣ᰷ű
ҶͻȻһ䣺һǵȫѹס᰷ǿ̣ǾҪȫҶҳԶܷ
ãܲʲôôռôһ죬ѹס᰷ڣǶ㳼ҲĸԸˬӦ
һһҪǩЭ飬Ժ޷Կ᰷ڣƸǣǾʮҲ˵壡
ȻԣǩЭǰǻǺսһͻɾδɾǿһս
ʱҪɾǿһսҶȸʵһΪߡ
һأ
߼ҶΪһ̣ҶȾΪˣһأȻܻһƷ̫̬ʮض޷һս˵һߡ
һȣļҶңҶ
ͻȻλǿλߣȻʲôһһ㵣һ룬ʮڴìܵʵ
ҶȵͷҳҶңǧǰͳһ½ҶᣬҶѪޣұҪݻţ
ҶңһءҶѵҶȣ߷ظü飬Ȼʲô϶ĿҶȡ
ҶȣΪ֪ҵĪ㡭˴ģҶһתʲôʲôǿߣֲǵ˶ֻ֪һԭ
λ̿ˮ´ҶȣҶȵɹ￴λڼߣȥúܶ࣬δйֱ飬ʵ磬ôˣѵʲô
߾ܣǰӴ粻ȥһˣݴ½ѰһˣʥݳǹȻնɱ˹ӣʵڣң¹ǿߣѰˣ
ԣһɣ˹ͷʥݳϿգ£۴ˣĪǡڼＸҲһ𺳣ȻĿ⿴Ҷȣµһ
ҶȰ˱飬ԻһȻüͷһ¹ǡĪǿݳʱնɱʱٵǵͶӰʲôɴ𣬿ݳǱ٣նɱͶӰɱȻŹңû뵽¹˶Ѱң
ˣɣҶ֮λ³սߣһλΪʱףһλɶףϢʮֹ죬ҶҲ˿⡣
λߣģ顢Ϣͬˣ֪ҶΪӲҴ⣺ɣ
չᣡ
һˣ˫ۼ⣬ճһɹ챬ըķ籩ѿռը֧飬˲䳯Ҷѹ

׺Ҷһӷ籩ըзոͣ£һ޴Ľɫצֱӳץ
ҶһɫצȻɵʵ壬ֻգλ׵ߣȻҽţղ죬ѿռ̤һǴצռ䣬ֱӳҶ
λߣӦһ壬Ϲţеߣû뵽СС½ᣡ
ʥǹ
һ̣ԽɫצҶ֪ǿ޼᲻ݣҪ汻צУ˵嶼Ҫ顣
һץʥǹ˲֣Ŵצһǹ̳

ʥǹɫצײһ˲Ѵצգռһʥǹ˿ûʧȥȻʥ
ȻǿȴлҪ죬Ҳ£ܣСЩ
һʧҽ΢΢͸ǿһ߳𾪣һһߣȻǿߣ£ȥ±֮»Ҫ𵴡


197 һս
ɾɾϾʮǧԹʿԽԿɾǿߣֻкٵţɸ߽ɵͽ׶ԿƩ죬ѩ׿ԽֽܳţϾһ
ֻڵ̥ǰγɵһֱԴۣʿԴɣɽ𵤣ͨȻɣصκӵн𵤲ȡؾ֮Ѿ޷òݡ
ϽɽߣһףһɶףȻǵͽɣȫ֮ϣһ⣬ضɽӻ𣬶ͲɾģҲõѱ䣬ʩչ󲻵ͨ󣬻һӲȵȣߣֲȵġ
壬ϹУ֮ǣӴ壬һֱλߵλᲢ۵ҲֻԳ塢ʥȡ
λᣬʵԶͬǿҪǿһҲҶȻסǿߣʵסĽǿߣѾ
ոߣʹ޴ͨҽӲһ̤գŪ޴ȻһצץҶȣҶУȲУҶȻţǶԿִ˵еᣬȴзֺ⡣
Ͻɽ֮ǰҶȾ͸ӦرǿϢȻԭᣬ޵ȼһߴڣ޿ɽΪޣҲͨΪ񣬿½һССǲԻ
չͨȻҶǿӲס˿·磬ǿ
λߣλһһߣγֱҶ֣ȻŴ죬һתⲨն
תⲨ߿ٷɳۣռ䣬ⲨңȻ飬ʯųѹ
Ķ֣
ֹ̫СҼңҶȳХһֱͦ壬ӶֳתⲨɨȥ
ʱתⲨǰһֻΰ֣תⲨڴǰС־Ǿˣ˽٣ȻСǰ˵ʱʱ죬һɨתⲨͬĿռ䡣
䣡
Ϊ֮սô͵һʱɽХɽɭֱ٣Ĵ
춥
ĶֻȥתⲨö˼ڴ˿̣һ߳û֣ͻȻԪ޽һżΪͨȻһԵǿ־Ĵ״ͻȻǿϷҶ¡
ͣ
ֲÿ½һףÿռһףĦֲۻǣһɽӻҷ籩ĦбأѴ̼һһ㣬¹ͺͺʯ
һʵţһҲҪ׻Ϊ棡
ƣҪһƤҶ۾Ī˷ţͻɾһʵɾǿ߽֣Ҷȶʵʶ
ಡ
һ̣ҶȻΪһ⻪ѸܣҶȥĿռ䣬ͻȻˮһķ䣬ʮճ˵ڻڳ٣ռҲһѺۣ˺ڶϢ
ǿռ⵽һ̣ƺںһ㣬ڱһɲǣ뷢һС
Ķ֣
ոҶȾͳ߻һץһֻȼյĴ֣ͻȻճĴ򣬴Ķ֣һҶһͬնκʣҪ飬ҪȼջΪҽ
ɷ
߸ܵһĿֲͻȻҶһѳڽëһɵľ޳ᣬһĴһɺںɫɨĶ֣һ£ѻ𣬽źһ죬ĶֻΪƬ
ٿٿٿ
һ̣þ޳ữĶ֮ϿգȻһֻֻȼյĶ֣һʮֱֻ֣ϯ
磬㣡ɷ
߸ܵǻ֮У̺ſӰһ࣬ҲֻһԾ޳ᣬ߾޳ҪСĶ޳ᣬһɹɺںɫư㳯һֻֻȼմȥ
ɷ
Ҷȡ̫ȣȻ廹Ҫǿʢ治֪廹࡭ᵽҶֶΰԵҶ̫ͷǳԵκҪ߼֪
ȷҶͬʿȣ̫ǶԷʮֹһڽ֣̫ͻʩչԽ屶ԣճҶʩչ̫ԽʮԿˡ
̫ޱʥ̺ɱѹаħ֮־Ҫһ㣬Խ֣Խоһ־ϵѹ֣ɥʧսġ
ԣ߲ٺȥʩչһױԴеĸ߼ɷһ׹
ֻǰǧƵĺɫëÿëһɣͷɵ춼ǣ˫һӣʱȳǵسҶȺѹѹϯǧ׵գڲ
綯ǿһǸ࣬βҲҪˣ
ԶλڼߣһԽ޷ĶĿɿڴΪ߽һѺڼһʩչǿһʱᵽϣڴ
磬Ҫ㣬ɷ
߰һִֻֻݻٺߣͷ󺹣ɫЩ԰ףĶ޳ᣬһɹɷͬħãצ纣Хɫëȥɼӿ˹ٶȣҶȶ߻ռ䡣
ǿ󣬸оƤڷ飬ëڲ
ϿպѹѹĿռ䣬ҶһΣ۷һĽǿ£ãʥǹ
̫Źʥǹͬʱһ̫⣬Էȫһ̫ԵѾƽ⵽Ҷȱǿˮ׼ڣһ޷ԣֻ߹ʥǹһ̫⣬ı߻ʥа־
һ߶۵ջؾ޳ᣬźʵ磬һķȫ״̬ǿһ˵ܲܵ£
˵Ǽ㣬بѼݴ½ˡ¹ǡʵֳм϶޴ͨ类ץסϢȡ
ͻȻһĨɱ⣬ɫͫ⣺磬˼ֲס磬ûնɱˣ
ܣǧ򲻿ɣղŴ粻ǲ˵ܴˡ¹ЩǿѣзǷֶΣʵǸ̥һؾܶԸףٵͻɶءأл·ң²һ򲻿֮£Ҫ֪ǵ棬ǸˣôʥĴڣǲĨ棡һ߹Ϸѵڶ߽ѵһ١
ڶһھΣǰ壬Ȼ壬棬׷ĴڣȻˣȴ߸ϣһֱ崫еҫĵ˹̬ã˵СС½ݴ½ҲҪǿ¸ıˣ
˵Ҳı䣬˵ػҫʱڡһϳ⡣
޷ƣѹа񣡡
ݵһҶгһʮɵĹʥǹɫʥ⣬溬һŷ֮зӡ̫⣬԰ټƵĺɫëҶȶʱҫȥһǹȥ
䡭
һǹ̳Լʮʮɫëڹʥǹ£ʱһ𣬿ռѿһɫëѣռѷеС
ơ
Ҷٴηɳӭ滹д󲿷ֺɫëһɹɷҶͻȻ׳ʥǹһɨǧΪ
£ʥǹʱһɫë֮޲٣ɫëڹʥǹһͳ飬ʧǹʥǹ֣ʥǹմ󣬾ţһ˲䱻
⡭
ǺڼߣһĻͶϲϣŤ־ؿŹʥǹһָоһʥǹһҲֵˡ
硭ʧˣֻб仯һս̫Եȫѹǵڶߴʱһ𺳣ܸܵԼ־һ߽⣬Է־̫ǿʢ
ҲԵסһµʱŪܾˣòʧֻ뿴ʱѣ
һߣΪߣʶ㣬Ȼ֪ҶʵжǿɵǣڣҶȾȻûκı֣»ֶʩչղܵĻ֣˵Լһ
Ҷֵ֣䣬ٶȥʵϿɣǷ
ʱ򣬵һ˵Ҳò˵սȥ治֪ңҶȵʣһϢϢԲῴΪϢ͸ʥĹԣɹԣĪƺһϣһеԡ


198 
ƣ
վеҶȣһ߳Хһ֣ʥǹͻȻըʣаըһͬɣʧҶȻջ˫֣˿ûһ֮У죬һ泩
̫ˬˡնɱôɣͨǧͼͼȥսʤ˿̣ʵ۷ǿһսʤʤúɣʹ죬оҵ־ѱ䣬þҪͻɶأ
һŷն΢΢ҶȰǿֶΣ컯ȭ֪ʩչһеɲնɱĽ׾ͷĽܴ󣬾ܿĽףҪնɱĽ׾ͷҲЩѣ
Ҷ֣ǩЭ飡
ϽɽߣҶǰһ߷һָһ֮ϣ֣žǺϸڣһӡԼ֣߳
ŵڶߣҲָһ¡輧֣ߺڼŭҲǰһֿһָ·¡﹨֡͡
Ҷ֪֣һߡ߳ڶߡ輧ߡ﹨͡ǰ߽ᣬ﹨͡ȴ壬ҶʱҲ͸ԴҶŲǶ֣ʹáʥ̲ϣ
ߣͳͳʩչҪ࣬áҲһɱֻжʥ̡

һ̫Ҷָ·дԼ֣Э̻ΪķݣһݣЭ͸һͬ־Ǻ־óȥû١
ҶЭ飬ȭλֵܣӴԺǹͬŬúúϣλֵܾͳһ½κΰͨЭϵұɣ洫浽Ӱ̣
ҶֿκҪֵͬܣǾͬˣԴ໥֣һߡ߳ȭ
ȻˣֵܾʹȥǣҶ΢΢˲仯ΪӰʧ߳輧﹨ǰ
輧Э飬ʮ˷ܵĵ磬ܣдһԮ᰷ڣҲű
ܿضϽǣһ£ܿʼ׼£ϽɽΧɢ׼ߣ˴˸ֻʣһƬ档

һº½ٷƽ˾
᰷ڹȻɳʹߣţ½֪ʹ߷ȻȥŹȻѣʽŷսʹ뿪ŲãͱŵնɱϢһڴ½˲ը˹
ٳļ壬ʼһһȻ췴԰ͳΣǳЧ£һʱ䣬忪ʼսңȡǳأðŭɳķѹÿ嶼Լʵ췴ǳ֮࣬糬㣬Դڽڰˣش˰
ƿش½ǧ꣬ۺвǿߣвŵӻع飬ӣַѹңȻЧٳǳرѹټɱ壬һǣ⳹׼ŭ½м壬ǴңټԸ׼ңð׼Ҳһʱѹ˱ңؼڣ׼ҵӣ޷ɽ
ܴУıټеӣԴĻȥ½սң׼ʧȥڸܵУȻܡ
ڴʱԶڴ½ɽУһɽ֮£˿ۼʮÿһλ¶װ繭ì嵶ƷƷƷʥ׷ǼƷʥ׷
֧ӣװĺټÿһλ˧УеĻһߴֳƷ͸ײɱ¾֮
ʸɫףһÿһλ´̷ֳʮÿһһˣһ֮ʮλɰصʮؽ죬Щǻʸ£ʸɵһӣŴʼ볯ɽڱϮȥҶʿС
ҶҶԪһӳŴ󣬾ֱ𳯾ŸϮҡҶ˶Ŵ
һ֧飬Դ죬ƳǣҶҵһУҲؼҡ׼ʧʱ̣ȳǵʱһϵ
ڹ㳡ǰҳҶҳۣһٶˣҶʸɡҲУʸɰһö콻ҶԶҶԶӹ֮󣬼ѣҳȥ
ҶԶ绪ʮ֮꣬Ѿǵɰأ꣬ͻɾ
ʮ·£Ҫ½Ҫһ꣡
˿̣ɽڣҶȡʸɡۼһϸڣʸһͼ½неóֵĵζһĿȻ
ʸ󷽣һо񶼲øұ棬ҷƵҩȳƳؽ֮ٹ
Ҷ΢΢һһˣһЩڲͬϢһ˿ɻı仯Դõʵı仯ɻ
һȷʵõģ̩򣬲սʸȻڣûж顣
ҶҡͷһЦѺͶϽȻ˲ʧɽڡ
ƳǣԶȥƲУƶˣޡ
½ޱҲӰ쵽˳ƳǣƳû췴ճǳصˣؼңؼ֦ҶĹϵȻ췴ؼû뷨ƳѾפʮؼ׼Ĵڣ齨ʮǷѾڣʵ
Ƴǳֻ򿪣Ҳһ˽ڣ̲鼫Ϊϸ񣬴ʿԴעķ
ʱֵ磬ЩƺҪַ籩꣬ʿɢǳأȻߴ΢ĺǴ𶯣˴ֱһգûκʿʮ֡
ɻǣԽ죬ضڲǽҲڻζ˶ʱվֱ壬ȥͻȻһϳƳǿ˵ȼ𣬲źš
еϮеϮ
һʱ䣬һԴķٻʿģؼұȥ˲гƳǰΪ֮һ²ҳš
ûдǵϮȻ֪ʲôˣԷжٶ֮죬ʮ룬һӣܴﵽ
ϣؼ峤سؼҸλ֣ʮλ˧ǸţβĻ׼ʮλ֣׼峤սҲУʿƺƵűȥ
ϣؼҡ׼˫ǿ뽫˧ۼһ˿źѹѹƳǸ˼࣬Ҳ͹һʱƽٽš
սسߣ֣Ҳ֪ҶҳƳǽ
ߣ˭ֻ·һҼ壬ѾǸ߸ϵɼ˭ҵؼңسţǰ֪ڱΪһ£ԴΪκҲ
ˣ뿴ԷϣдһҶ֣
һλСضس˺
سյǳԣһȥȻڶԷǰż죬ѩɫҶ֣ӭչسպȻһЦҶʧ꣬û뵽ģؼһ£գҾҶһ
սɫһѵ֣ҪСģҶҲ£ǰǸҶȣʵ
ߣһССҶȣʲôؼңҼҶŮػߣһǵɸ߽˵һҶȣʮҶȣҲֻ·һ
سһתн̴򿪳ţ򣬱ҪɱѾ
ǣ
ǵõһһó죬ʼһʱ䣬ӳڳһ֧֧ӣ顣
֨
ϻͭŻ򿪣ؼҴ۳ǣڣһʱ裬֮¡ʴǣΣҶҴΧسյȺڶˣһ߸Ŀˡ
سջôĿˣֱӷĲ˳ʺ
ҶҴͻȻͣ£ǰϣҶȡҶԶʮλվϣҶԶԷȻ򿪳ţɱӭսƺԶԼһ
ҶԶһӣһǧ̰ҶҴΧס콻һλ죺ƳƳǣͶߣģߣһ
ǣ
λɼ죬ӹ죬һǹ籦һǰվڳ֮Уһķʮλʿ棬վ룬Դ
ȶ꣬꣬һѩǰܣҶҶԶ쳣ؿųƳǣҶ˵
ҶһƽƳȻ޻䣬ʹģЩʹȴ֮;ȱٵһ֣Ҳеһ֣ҶȸܵҶԶ飬οһƳǲʲôҶҲ½ˣҲĺˣ̩λˣ㽫һ֮
ϢТ˳ĶӣѾ㣡
ζӳµҶԶܵҶϣοѣҶȣƺҶҵδһȽȽҫڰ


199 ƳƳ
ؼһʿԳԭҰ֮ϣ￪ǹ٣˲ҳչڶ֮
سһƥսءҸ֣һλλս죬سǰʿΧسղмһɨ죬Ŀǧ֮ϣҶԶӣһɱڣֳȣҶԶѣ겻û뵽㻹нգ
ҶԶĿһ˫ȭ߬ӣسգսѹҶ꣬ǧټҪҶңڽҪ˶ϣ
ҶԶһΣڶΡΣ֪Ȼӳȥ͸ùһţռֱҿ׼ңһ㣬ûжҶҸϾɱ֪ôϿȥսţŷϾֱڸҶԶ´﷨ּӡ
ءסҶң̫һѹһǶ͸һгԹڽ컯Ϊ̣ƮɢɣҶԶһƳƳǰоҶԶȴгǧҶء𣬲һꡢǧ۶Ϊһ֮ҶԶ֪Ǹ˽һеʱˡ
سͻȻ죬Χ΢΢ͻȻͷž⣺ɱѾ׽ҶҸӣ
һӪУװ׼
سһ£λ죬һӣʮ֮һһʿСǰвϽλãƬǰʿѾʼó󣬿ϼ˫Ӫ֮һʱʿǰһ϶ƣֳֹʿ׼Ҷǰһʿʱ۶䡣
ݡ
գǧ֧ʱȳǵգջһߣֱ½ɽ鳯Ҷǰʿ

ɳ巢˺£ֻڻɳԭҰֻаס
ȻؼÿʿžĿһֱҶӪԷҲһƬɳʿҶǰһǧʿȻ翪ʼһվԭһûкһҲûǰһ֣ʮ⣬ǧֻһأڻɳ

λ˴һɻ󣬶ԷȻûһϱ־룬Ϲôûһ˱ճ˵һƬûԥһλӶ
ݡ
ʿ̿ϼɲǣǧˢˢգΪ֥Сڵ㣬Ȼ󻮳һߣҶǰʿ

ǧɼһ̣ҶһǧʿϷƺһηһһʯͷǽ˻ȥɢһأҶʿûһ˶֣Ǻһ
ô
н춼ɵۣ߹Ĺ󣬾ȻôҶʿսʿ壬һ˿塣
سΧ궯Ҳһɻʱһ˧سߵˣͨȻûйЧβûڣ
ԣûڣҶըɻңسһȻֽкãҲ֪ڸоҶҺܲԾʲôҲ˵ԣһݣǿƻƬײ
¡¡¡
ʱˣʿŶʮŻǰڳһɣֱһߣڿ͸źʿ̧ڵװڵ߶ȣ׼룬׼䡣
ǰҶӪ̻Ӷ죺
С
ڻ߱ͬʱȼеȼǺǻҩζ紫־ٻѵʿæ˺һɡ
䡫
ʮŻڣͬһʱ䣬䣬ôƺҪƳǿȥھһζһſڵĿע£գ۾ͳҶҷɨ
ƣ
ǧһ֮ʣҶӪǰλߴĽ죬ĮͻȻһ£ʮλʿͻȻӭڵһȭʱһȭͷֱӭڵȥٶڵ
䣡
һſڵھҶҴǰʮһһը죬ը˷䣬ȥһѤ̻ڴȽȽ
󡢴ˣãҶʿˣһǵɾʿΪǵأӵеɰΪ
ؼⷽʿƳسʿڹҶӪըǣûͲö֪ɻ֮ʱͻȻ﹥Ľ죬ͫջһ⣬ԭҲһλΪʿ𾪣سǰϥػ
ʲô
ôʿʿǵɸ߽ʿ
سասͬǿߣнһ̶Ŀɿڴͫ𺳾ǲ˼飬ΧʿҲּЩ壬˲ʿ֪Ǽ£޴롣
ɣڳƳǡɲЩСǳ˵Ѿ޵еĴڣ꣬ҶԶǿʮΪҶңءңؼҡ׼ҳôɣи֣ʵڰаؼҵӣŵλߣвʿ޷̽壬ϳƳͶΪĳǰ̡
ڣ˶ľͷʵڲţһ֧ӣˣǵɸ߽ף־ӣǰҲҲһ֧ɾʿҪɨƳǡ
ô̶̰꣬Ϊؼҷչ˴½м壬ǡҶԶôڼ깦ӵһ֧ɾӣܣûʱҶûʵǰ׼ң»ֱ̬壡
س͵ҡͷִ㵣ɫţһìܣȫãʿʮʿȫ已̥ķˣ˵ֻһЩӳɣɲʮˣ˵ʮ򣬾ǰʿҲҶҶ֡
Ͽ쳷ˣȣȻټи֣ԸҶң˻֮ʣսͻȻسǰ侲˵سһ°սƳǰһĻʶس֮ϡ
س̴ˣسǷ
䡭
سһ£ŵ˫ȷĽ죬ʿתܣ˵ǳˣȴǰߣһߣһ涪ףһ֧ӣ޷սʤĶ֣󲿷˶־ٶ
׼һ
ǧ֮⣬ƳǵӪ򣬴ʱ쳾̣ټͳǰؾӵĽ죬âǡ۹ʿΪս˲սͨ͸γбʱǰһ
һǧҶʿǰȡºһų״󹭣ȡһ֧һ׶೤󹭴֨֨ΧȻһתŤΪ״ָһɡ
ݡ
һǧ֧ųĳ˲ʧգÿһλսʿֿʼ׼һֹ
˿ڳƳǰʿֻŵͻȻһƿͷƤɴƳգԽĿûǻعͷһ֧֧ʵʵƫлǣ˲䱬ըһըƻ֮ڣһ嶼ը֧飬һӡ
Ӱ
ȡҲҲȾңȾǣ
ըˡһ˱пըʿ׷췢˺ѷεİһʱ䰧Ұ񺿣˼ʬѪͷ­ɢأ˾͸
ǵһ֮һʣһ˷ҶᣬѾ򿪵ĳţ֮ϣʿһĻһһĵ·ͬʱڶѾ
䣡
һξԶһ֧֧ӱʿΧ˲䱬ըǧըһͬôضƳЩسʿ̲סΪըóǽҡΣʱҪسʿ˵еֱߣеŻ˹ȥ
ڶ˲ʿֻʣ¼ǧڱӣеѾӽƳǣе˵վսһɵЦڲ壬һһ㣬˵侳ǿһۣҲҪɹȥ
찡찡ˣ
Ҷҡû뵽Ҷһз죬ǲؼҺԸҶңҪǵҶȽ飬ھ㱻ؼѹһأҲ֮
Уÿʿ˻սسյȺҲ漴ǣս֮󣬳ƳҲֵҶҴƳǣǳ£սڲһ˿ϣ
ؼԮؼҵӡ


200 ߽о
ݡ
ڴ󲿷ؼʿӽƳǣ¼ƴʱո㽵٣ǵأÿһ֧͸ŷ˲ɿâǰƽ٣δǵʿһ̷˵ֿؿǽؾŹѹѹһֱеѡ³ǽɥ
¡¡¡
ԳƳǳǽ֮䣬һɾ룬һ֧֧ͨĹڳ¡ǽеֱԽ˳ǽ̼䣬ǧըضھ޴Уǽ߹ްѣƳǳս֮УһڻʧǼ̳ǽ
Ѻ޻ֹ֮ͣ
˲ؼʿɥһʬ׶Ϊ˻սڳƳϿգŷһֿ籩꼴١
ҶһͻȻͣ£ջתһ֣һǧʿֹͣװ
ʱҶҴ󲿶ʽƳƽһλҶߣһƥƳǣӡҶִ죬;񱼣ûܵκι׾ٵϳƳưܵĳǽ֮ϣҶҴǽ֮ϣʩչХҶһˣ벻ҪҶҵֻءңҶڳƳ֣ʱңҶһǣǸءңµĳƳǣ峤Ѿ³ǹ棬Ƴڣͳͳ˰ؽ԰ҲҪ
ڳƳϿգÿһ֣ǣϲѹ
˿̣ƳǳǽһؾҶֶΣ˭ʿҲ˵һ㷲ˡ
ͷǰȥһĳţһʿǰһȭгţһű飬˲䣬ǧʿűѽǿڶµʵʵÿˣжǿ־壬ס˫壬ڲ־嵽㡣
ŶҶʿȴȻ壬һˣˣһһоɢɸ߽׿ֲʿսľ֮У͸ǿѹȣл־
Ͷ
ʵǶסѾ޵ѹȣʿ׷׿бһһÿһ¹ͷ
ʿȥȻˣǲõģֻѹߣͶߣһ̿ʼͨգ
λʿĿڣɭɭ˵ٴ˴Ҵ£ҲҶһ£ʿٴκɨһۣŵվɢʱҶͷֳֳìƽǳأ̷ֳʮСӣʮСٱȥ
ͶʿҶɱɭ䣬һһʵͽս£ɢˡ
뵱뿪ƳǳǱߣȶΪǵãţʱݻ٣ؼնɱڴˣ
ǳؾȫΪҶսʿ˼ҶԶҶȡ˴߽ǳأ̹ʩ񣬶ҶԶٴμƳǣһʱǧǱľĿǴС
֮ҶԶƺܸܵǹɾϢȥҶˣƳϤһУҶԶۿ΢΢ʪ
Ҷȹž޲᣺ȥľùȥδҪΪҶ飬ҶػػԻһ죡
ǣǣ
ҶԶ΢΢һЦתˣ֮Уٺմ򿪴ŷ죬ҶԶҶһЩһ̣һٺ£Ƴǰ˭֪УҶõһң˰صȷ棬ءҪɣҴǿд⣬е⻧ѣҶҷҪְ
ȥƳȫؼ֮УƳǰӿ಻ԣһգ꣬ѹ͸Ҷٴλع飬ɱؼҴܣðոˣһаţԽԽ࣬ʼڽֵ໶ӭҶҴ
ҶľӪһҲûа׷ѡҶԶһĻοĺܣΪ峤ϣǿһĻ
ˣǰЩɾ뼸λɾߣвʿ
ȻһԸҶȡ
ҶȵͷͲһ㣬һȺɡɣֱһȺϣʵʵ˵лᣬڼֱ
ɱ
ҶҴڣһƬͻȻķֵɱһɱ֣һˣǵɾɱ֣мλǿߡ
ŴǰڣӿʿЩʿװӾͨʿءľ֮֮࣬࣬һ·ؼҷȫʿüˡ
עһѪ·ǲģɱ
ż
ʮλҶʿҶԶȻסǵսһ飬ͣ󹭣ǿϹɾɱȥ
Щ󷨹ǻʸɶҴĹʽרɾһЩǿߣԷԽǿԽࡣ
͡
ɾɱ֣һЩһصΪոշһ̣ͱһ֧֧͸űķѶ飬գۼ䣬λɾɱ־ڷʿͣսɾɱ֣һķѣ
һ
죬ɸ߽ǿߣҶҴǰһٶλʿʼųìءҾ׼Щɱ֣һٶˣ涼ûŵأһһΪ顣
żҷż
ءҾһЩн죬ҶһǰּҶʿֶΣŵֱ£ǣǱѵľ񣬿ɱ֣֪֪Ƕ֣ҲҪ¸ֱϡ
ݡ
һǧʿż𳤼ѹѹԾƳҶսʿҶʿȻһǰͬǣǻӶǹһɨһɹɷɨ
ա
й÷飬Ȼͳء׾ϯȥ赲һƬըһƬʿ£ˣһϮǴһƬʿȥʮɨԷǧʿɱöԷˣŵûߡ
Щ꣬ءҵһ֧ǿľӣôˣҶҺ϶Ҷ֡
ҶҵˣҶԶսÿһƽ侲ءҾӣսⷬǿᣬҲһд֪Ҫ˶ˡ
סס׼ӣ˭ӣͷأ
ءϵľҶʿ֣Է֮䣬۾գ£һħͷһʿһͶ㣬ǿȻءҾ񣬵Ҳụ̂ÿ˶ߣҲ֣ǣЩ죬ߣնͷˣҲסڽڰˣؼҷ򲻶Ϻˡ
ءÿһʿж׽ʲô³
ؼЩټһٶɾʿɾǿߣؼҵӣʵΣؼһȣȶʱһŹʱӰɱϮҶȼôʿɱ֣Ϊؼе˼顣
ģ֪֮һ·ǰҲֻһˣοЩϣ
ҶԶһ˿ģҶһЦݣҶȰģؼңҲֻһҶеȤҶпʼǻصڶߵľţô꣬ҶҲ뿴ɳֵزҴŮҶȴδϣʵǿԼһսȻնɱ
ߣҶһɱҲ᲻
۵ˮнļ
ءʿ˽һˣＸĽֵϣһʬ壬˴ĿˣʿȻûߣڰеֿҶҽ˧ͳ䣬̻Ӷ죬ײй
ȻսսʿٴϳͣһתϢӰԵɼ빤ںһ壬ȻءҴ䡣
䣡
һ֧ɼȻֱӴؼʿ壬˶дˣӣɼˣ˲䱻һ֧ɼɳףͣ£Ȼ˲䱬ըըˡ
һ֧ɼȻһɲɱǧˣ˼顣
ʮֻɽʿһһ£ûз֮ҲûͶֱ๼
ʣಿʿٴ֯ǣʬ壬ֿҶսʿ׼һֹ֮ʣЩʿҲֲסȫһһӴܣеĿͷģ죬Ҳշֵ
ֵһ˿ᣬôԱֵãûһ˿ᣬԷë˲ôֱֽֿɱ޴ɱͶ


201 ս
ȫʿͳͳӴܻǾ͵طͶٵֿȥֻ·һ
ʬѪɺӣʬ˺񼸲㣬Ӭ˵طȥĿģֵҶȷӼǰͶʿһʼڣδǵˣĵˣǹƽءһˮƽʵĶ֡
һͶʿҶսʿ߹ʱµöϢ±ͽնɱǶҵģҶʿͶʿᣬûвɱû衣
ҶҴǰУÿһ֣ʿάֳͶʿǰҶƳǷƽȻôյЧؼҾӷս֮ȫûκĦ
ʣ¾ɱڰɱ֣ԸЩˣѪֶΣһɱһնݳ
棬塢峤ҶҴѳƳǳڳ⣬ҸǵɻǿߣЩǿߣǰصʮأûӵóȥ
˿̣ظ֣ӸӴܵҶˣʿܶ飬أۼظǰڶ࣬ǧؼˣΧмǧ񰴱ؼľ
ʮء
سһλλǿʿ߳ظ˻رһɨһѪǱȻ˺󼸲ŵŵţЩһٶ˿
һʿΪһ֮䣬ʮλɸ߽ףһȺˣؼڣԷʮسͷ˭һʱû˱飬԰͸ſ־壬΢΢
ʮءҲǱˮнţҲ
سղԽԽĳز֪ҶҴһƽһͷҶԶʱҪؼ壬뵽س˫ͫѪ죺أȴžԮ
ߣǿɲȺţмʮؾͷ壬ֻ·һ󵹸꣬ؼңʵڲֵ
ͻȻλǿ۾һ䣬˴˴ɹʶسؼǧ˵棬ֱӻˣʿҲһһϣɢ
ǡҼس뵽һ죬Щʵڿסֻû뵽ζŵһ죬Ȼ
ʱ򣬲ؼǱظټСԽ࣬ˣǵһ壬ûسüսһǧ׼ˣһ·˰ܶҶʿŲæ׷ӵ
սԶͻֺ֣취ȥֻ·һ׼һྫ񰡣ȫһʣ˷׷Ͷ
֣Ҳѱ㿴ؼеˣװͻһѪ·ʧܶ飬سǰӭӣҲֻ׼ĺȡһ˿ϣ
֣˰ɣҶбڣⶼʿأ϶ȥ˵ˣҶסҶ˼ӣҲһ
սĵ˵Сһ£Ҷǿ󣬾κΰ취죬һ̣Ȼɣǽһֽ뼫Ⱦµġ
Χظ
˷ҶҴŽǣΧӿһ׺Ҷʿÿһ˶ǵǿߣֱֳҲǷ־ܶԿɣؼɶͶҶң˭赲Ҷҽ

Ҷʿء˳׾˴˲ϺˣγذסҶʿ֡
ҶʿΧؼ֮ջرԭصȺʱҶԶҶȡҶʿ֣ҶԶسասˣˣŵֱð麹㤡
ҶԶһ֣ʿվֱҶԶҶͬ£ظǰ룬ҶԶĮȻһɨĿسասسասǰҶƳǣҶҶѪϴҶˣˡˣһһŹδüҶˣ׷ǵ£ڻںңøǱѪϴءң
س˻Ƶĺʧߣûʸ˵ؼˣְ̰֮ɣû˻һ
Ŷãţ˭ͶҶұ֤Ϊߣֻ·һҶԶû뵽سôǿӲ̴һӣʿ׼֣ؼһɱ˵
ɱ
ʿͻȻŭһһǰóƳǶڻζװؼҡ׼˵
Ҳ
λˣ˳ҶԶ£ŸŮһЩӣҲģԽԽֻ࣬ʣسվһ𣬶׼ҳսȼʮˣʣˣҲȥ
سգսǲһ˲ţЩ׸޷֮˭
ҶԶȵһɨЩ޴ˡŮӣҶԶɱؼҡ׼֮ģͻȻʱ򣬲ٰգҲڰпһ̣ҶԶسասսսҶҲ֪ж޹ǵ£գұء꣬к֮£ҶԶҲҶˣɱ֮ˣҶء𣬽վڴһʹسասҾ͸һ·ǧҪз֮⣬һΣûôˣء˹ظûҵ˭Ҳܳ˶ãˣ˺ͺӣҪά޳ǳأֱǵΪֹ
ҶԶس쳤Х˺ѷΣһۣ˲
سգսǵĲͬǣѵˣƵ·ߣңȴҪŹǣҪǿţҶγΪˣ
ҶԶһЦЦڳƳǴȻҶȵˣҶլȥʣ¼ʮλʿʼءҽˣȫҽظûжֶš
û뵽ôŹسաս꣬ǼƻһУü֣֮õ޷У
ڴϣҶԶȥ緢˿аղٲپ£ȫƺҶһع飬Ӧ˳ģҶȿҶԶɣ֪ҶԶġ
ҶԶЦȶһӾ̫࣬Ϊ˿ĶҵٿһΪһ޶ţӳͱųޣǸðѰˣкܳһ·ҪøԶֻпԶӵ޿ܣҲǵ
ǵ
ҶһЦȻŰպҶԶֱ֣ɽХһֱ·棬֪Ҷլ
ҶլһʧΪҶլڵ꣬һѻյֻʣһƬ棬һʱҪΧǽڻĲС
ҶˣһĻ쳣ѹ֣ģǹɷŭޣһȼգҶȿҲĮȻҡҡͷֻҶԶһֱûжݣͻȻתҶҶˣҲؽҶҵʱˣ
סھӪ⼸Ѿάó򣬽ӹܳȻٹܱ߼ǳأ·ʦγԳƳΪĵľ޴أӵ˼ڳƳǻϣܱչͬгǳأһ³ǳأ޴ĳǳأҶȰ뷨˵˳̱ʾ޳ɡ
ҶԶԣ޵ãƳǲ󣬵ΧʮǳأǾ֮һһǣֱȰʳǻҪ󣡡
ţҶԶҶˣֱʿʼƳǴСߣһնɱҶԶӪָһС
һ죬ƳǲҶҹ£ڶ̶ʱڣ˿ûսĻԹһսջٷݣҶ˰ݣͬʱɢؽ¼ҡ
ͶʿвءˣҶһһȦʱ㣬δһ׼ʱ͵Ҳû˱ԹϾܻ¼һллأȦҲû¡
һ죬ڶ磬ƳǾͻָ糣򾮾ƳǵҶҪǽ·棬Ƴԣδκ˰񣬰޲ϲá
ҶԶʼϸƶǹ棬ȣһѾ⣬ǣӣءˣԼѾҪδڣҪҶҵ䣬֮󣬲˭ͳͳָɣһн
һս𣬱ôһɱ¾һһѪϴǣҶҴֻһ̶̵ɱ¾ȴ˵ĺ£аղûܵսӰ죬õֺôնҶԶ𾴡
ڳƳæȻ֮ʣҶȴڳƳϿգޣȾ·ʤϢ
ʧȥʮǳأ޶ԣ˶ã׼ҾͻжؼԮ壬ҿʲôʱ
Ҷ̾գһֱڲ컯ȭһУԺоо裬о֮󣬾Ҫӭ籩ڷ籩ϴ񣬻ٴѱ䡣


202 
³ƳǵҶյʸϢ·ȫʤɹȡŴǳأŴǳԳƳΪģ½Ϸ½֮һǳ䱻Ҷһ£ʣ֮ǳأɴǰֱƿصĳǳأ춼ǡ
ȻϳƳʮǳأԶ춼ֻʳܱȣȴռ߽أ֮ӵ޿Ǳܣ֮䣬֮һǳط׷ݣҲ𾪱ʳǣڴ½𽥴ҶңһС壬֪
磬ʸҶƳǣɽýƳһޱȾ޴ıǳأͬʱ·ҲֱɻشȫҶҡţҶԪˡ
ƳǣʱӪء
ˣԳƳΪģŴǳΪԵҪһǳأһˣҪʮ굽ʮ꣡
ƤӪڣʸɡҶԶҶΧһŵͼŵͼϸͼϷʮ㣬ҶιµʮǳأӵͼϿȥȻʮǳֻǱڶǳص֮һڽȴռ˱һ룬ʮطǻԭ벻ë֮ء
ҶԶϸϸһְձһȦأ˹ҶԶ˷ܣʮǳвٷ²Ҳвʿʿǽ÷˸ѰǽӦòʮ꣡
˵ļǣʮǳأǷ²ʮ֮࣬ʿǧˣʿǽôҲҪңֻҪǽãϷڳǽͿԽ²ʸɿҶԶص
Ҷ뵽Ͻɽ߳ߣӦ£ʵʱҪ³ǣҪͶ½ңһ֪ͨϽɽߣҪһЩ޹
ʸһڣնˣҪľǲ÷ǽӦ˻ԣһʿֻзԶԸҪ˾޴Ҫʯʯ֣ˣӦÿڰɣ
ã˸ӡ󣬵³ǽ裬ͽ㸺һԽκĴǣҶȷҶԶ
ҶԶ˵ͷϸϸһʮʿǵɾҪʱʹǣȽ֮һּϳǳؽ裡
Ǹð취
ҶԶʸɡ˱ʾͬ
ڶ죬ҶԶͰ䲼ʮǳأʼü֮ԴԴϣʮ죬Ȼʮˣͨѡֻ¶ʮˣ˷ַ·Ǳԭ
ʮˣɲһСĿҪѶʮͳͳɣǶʱڣҪٶʮƷһҪʮƷԴƣҪ
ţҲһòô൤ҩɻԽԽ࣬ʵѾһ۷壬СһҶӵ֮࣬˵򣬾ҲֻǾţһëҪҪʥƷһʮʿȫɣҪͽ׷
Ӧصġ
ҶңѾæ̼ǽ֮УֻǲҶԪˣǾҲòæ
ҶʮǳأñмŷɥɲǣϵҶԶҶȹϵͶҶңҶԶȻ֮⣬ӭҼ룬ͬʱֶһǳأɲǡ
ҿɲؼҡ׼ܱȵļ壬ڱУҲϵȼ壬ΪԮҶҽ³ǣɳʮӣͶ룬ͨõΪΪ˿Ĳѡ
ʮ󣬴ŵŷĿǳƳǡ
Ⱥӹٶˣӵɵɾɾǿ߾ʮˣеĻŵӣһѱ߰ϣžȻҲУ˸һλŮ
ŮȻǼʿ죬ۣͿŽܳӣһΪɸ߽ףȴǿ֣Ů壬ŵһš
˺ƺƵƳǷ򣬾ƳԽԽѾܿǳء
磬ǰէȻҶҶȵϢʵ𾪣Ҷǰ֮
ԽƳǣٶʿɱڣһķ˳ǳأ˵ֱ𣬸˵ɾǿߣ˿̣һɫۣģɢĸ߹̸
һۣȻ̶̼Ҳܳӣõ崹࣬ΪǲϴܣһȣǣƤЦⲻЦһҶѰ·ȻҶؼҶ֣ξҶСӣʧ
ע⣬ҶؼУһҪһۿƳǾ·ͻȻͣ£ʱ˺ƺƵҲ漴ͣ£תĮһɨÿ˲
Ҷȣҵ˶꣬һҪɱѾǵǸߣ֪޲̳ȥҪ
Ըһ飬û˸֨תƳǣȻ֣ƳسʿѷǣǣЩʿûһ˾ţȻѲߣû˷
Ȼͨʿǵɣˣ򵥣Ҷңôڶ̶̼꣬Ūôǿһ֧ӣݴ½Ҳ־ӣţֻ̩λŴʿ۹ÿһʿʿ˫ͫһϸϸǹ⣬ƺƳǿ͸֮쳣㵡
Ȼδ̩λ棬ǣӹżһЩУ̩λҲһЩ˽⣬ݴ½һ֧Ӷʿνδй쳣档
·ʼһɭҰ֮ߺ£
ʱ忪ڣǰ֪ܣһ߸ϣߣҶң˵ؼүˣҶҸӽƳǣҸĸˣȻ׳ƳȲ
ǵؼҹȻˣҼؼߣȫ£Ϊ˽ΰǣ
֪ôȻˣҾƳǣɱˣһȻؽƳǣߣһܻ繷һ
ҼҲǰһˣһȺϣڣ·ǵٴ
̫Ҷʱתǿ߲٣ղ˵֮ˣʮǿߣ
Ȼۣ˫͸ǳ֮⣬ɨƳǣҪһ֣ǿһŵҿ岻һţĿǳȻţҲ֪֮ССһƳǣһҶңȻʮǿߣʵڲ˼Ҳ޷Կ
˼һͨӣ˵ڴˣ
ţû뵽Ҷ֣עҶҪһӣԹصض˵
ǧˮƻݺ˻磬ǧС㳣˵СҴı޵ɾʱնɱҶȣ
ߡ΢ģһ뵽꣬ҶȹȻŶϲϣˣԼֱһ޲ðҶȰƤңԨ

ţ
ͻȻǰգسһ磬ЩɾǿҲܵ쳣һɫò԰ף˫ͫһǹ˸ӳ쳣ա
ʱһѰ˻գһƺԶһ߳оӹȥδռ΢һһ֣ŶʱɫɫȵٴУҶȡ㣡
ˣ˾Ҷȣ̬ûƣէȻȥͨǸղŴӿռƿն˻ᵱֻһʷǷķ˶ѣӵٶȡ
㻹ӣ겻Ϊ߲٣Ƣȴûô䣬ϲȥ
ҶȼǽģмһЦ˵˷ѾĿһתϡ
ȻҶȲǸƮƮСŮɽ磬˼䣬һۣڵţȥˣȴǷʣײɿҶȵ˵ţ굱ȫǵˣ˻飬ֱұ·ҲɷϣĿеӣڵ㣬ǵǸ㣬Ѿûκ֣ΪںˣңһҸõˣģ硭۹⣬ʵס
߳ס죬ҶȣҲǵ˵棬д飬һֱۣ֮ܣĿ
Ѳʶˡ
ҶҡҡͷĿϣص壬ҶǰΣҶȵĵ壬Ƴţʷܳš
Щǹ̡һĿǵ
ҶȵȷʵţŲʮ꣬޵ɾʵﱱΪֿȵĵӣһ㣬һСС½Ѿţʲô޲Ҫ̫࣡
ʥԺӣһܳӣɸǱȣû뵽Ҷȶǿߣ֪Ǻ⡣
ȴδҶϢҶԾţڱϣʶ壬ҲоϧڣҶȱ仯ʵ̫Ϊôóߡ


203 ҿ߶Զ
ҶȣҲĴţҶҡؼнǧռ˳Ƴǣؼˣѵȫһֱ͸ҶΪҲֻ
Ҷȵ壬죬ûһǿΪְѳƳǶҶѾ˼ҸףǰˡӶŹءˣţسասδˣ
΢΢һɣƳҿԷ㽻ˣ

ҶȺܾӣҪģ֮ǣ꣬Ҫú
СӣҼСѾò٣ɲҪôߣ
ȻһλǿߣʥԺӣԣһһеƶҶȺ
Ҷ΢΢һָƵݵĵƾ仰ڳšˣһ˶Ҫ£ΪҶǳأΪ
СӣΪװŪŻӣգǶţôնɱСӣҪɿܣǿ˵꣬ͻȻͷһǿ緭ӿХơ
ٿ
ǿͷһֻ̣Ҷָһһλǿͷ­ͱͰһأ׹أûΪ̡

˵һһλǿߣڵʯ֮䣬Ͳ֪ô£Ҷϣ޷֮Ҷ˲ɱǿߣȻһѰģûϢҲޱ仯
ҶȺȻһЦһɨˣ٣˾һߣҾһɣĿ⣬֪죬ˣ³
˻һʿžɣһҲľͷٶֺһֱݵȻҲʵʵһ־塣
ͻȻкãֶΣǺֶΣû뵽ССһƳǣȻ
壬ǧҸΪһ̸ӳڳƳһ̣עҲͬˣе·Ҫߣҵ·ҪߣͬΪı壬߰ɣʵǰһֻϣҶʱģĮ͸ɱ֮һʥϢ֮б
һ˫üסߣøҶȣԲѣҪѸղ˵Ƿ͸㣬ˣ
ݡ
ͻȻһǳ֮⣬֮٣һǹĽ壬͸ǿյ䣬ޣвɿҶϮƣͷſЩʿϣ

ֻһۿҪ֣ʩչǹ⽣壬ҪҶһ˲䣬ͫһ˿⣬ͻȻȻͣգֽ̬ŷ𱻱һ룬ܶһ¡
ôܣҵʵԽأǿһأҲ
һ̣ǰΰߴܣţҶȱҪţţΪ½һˣõӵвഫУҪΪ˵ľ
ڣ̺һżΪӦɼŻ̶ʮڣӵʵ
ҶȾӸ£ȻʮȻƺһжעģ壬õ쿴УӵвɼעⱲӣ֮ԵŶ֣ϣ㲻ҪʧǶˣԳԳƳǣҶвۣԣڴվһĸ߶ȣҿ㵽߶ԶǱΣʱϴȥ֮ܰɣ
ôȲ㡭˻ߣ߰𣬴δܵ£ʧܡ
һɾͣĿˣ壬һСС½ʲôݴ½ţضǣΪӵתУͰԼһȣ˫Ҷֻ΢΢һţͺغˣֱͣ¡
ˣ˵ȫ£
һ̣ʿҶһ仰֮󣬶ĪһΡƿأ޷ƳǷȥ·ʿڵȴ£Щū
ҶȣȻɱңѵ㲻£гһգһնɱôջõҶȡ
ҶȺһЦ壬㲻ҪСԼȻҲҪԼ̫ߣңԶ޷ģҵϣɳϲǿ߽֣ΪԴϻȡǿһųԽңңҵ㣡
㡢Ϊβɱǣһ䣬ŵò԰׵վһôҲףҶȣڿҪɱڣȻҪǡ
ҶĿϣѾֵҶɱĲ࣬Ѿ֮ҷҪ߶ԶҪǿδܵθ߶ȣ
ҶȣסһУһ죬һ㣡
ñޱȣͬĿ⣬͸ź⣬һ֣ŵòųŷȥ
壬ɾҲСӣ̺ʮµǳ֮ҶͻȻԼˣžߣһâ֮ãڤڤ֮Уһж˱仯ǵǸԼ϶ûնɱ壬
ϾҶȲߣ͸δ˵δĳһ죬ĳʱգԶԶԽԼԼնɱ
ţֱһԹŮҶȻǷŹǣһ·
ԹأҶȷԼػޣ½ϢȫԼɶ
Ҫͻɶأɾ칵ͨͬڣغɶһһϢϢء
̫ˣڴս֮ǰͻƶأ֮ϲһС᰷ڲǾ޴սһõ½ͱ᰷УԲ񣬿ܾҪӭ֣֮
᰷ڵǿҶȸûаգֻһ㣬ǿ󣬲ǵƣ᰷ھͻͷʺƨϡ
ҿžΡ
Ҷͷǿ糱ˮϯ½š
ȥŸȫع飬ʮӣڲ߱Ǯɵӷʳ߾磬Сڣ᰷ڵӰȫնɱڣٸǿߣƼС磬󲿷ʥԺӣлعĳϣ׷ڱչС֮֮ǰǿ̫࣬ԴԴϡ
С֮УȻں˾ʥԺС
ţС룬Ȼһ㾧񣬶ҲСһߴ֧Сת
Ҷû뵽СȻں㾧񣬶޴ɾǿߣһú㾧Ϳ֧ݴ½ԴôС罫Ĵڣ
㾧ûб棬йصʮر𣬿һֶΣ棬ȻأСˣ᰷ھôãһ֮
Ҫ㾧ҵõôǧͼͼ̫Ͼͷʮ
᰷һֱ㾧ǧܱǵõ򣬲Ż֮ʱҲҶҵͷ֮գ뾡취õ㾧񣬲⣬ԺԸ᰷ڣӲף
һ뷲ϣڷʿϣͻͷ
žǷˣ᰷ھʿޣ޷ͷź㾧˷Դ᰷ڲӵɾǿߣӵͨ쾳ǿߣͨ쾳Ѿʵ㾧һ᰷ֳɣպᵮֵӣίʵ¡
᰷һõ㾧˶ߣõӳ֣պڵӣͻͽ
浹أһֱδӵһƩռھ̫ͣһأ޷͸ôأҲ᰷ڶ֣Ҫģ
ЩӣҪΪڻң壬Ҳⳡս𣬳Ҫ䣡
᰷ǲʵ⼸ڣһȡжҵʱҲˣ⼸أҪ½Ҫͦ½룬£м壡
ҶһҲûͣ£ڶδϸ㡣

ΪʲôɶҶȣ⼸꣬Һòײ޵һȴһų̦߲ըɫƤĹϴ£һֱУȴɫ𣬲֪ʲô
ôһۣҪҪϿ
ʱգï£ȴ·Թͣһǳ⡣
Ҷ죬ʵС㣬ȥ
κòɽԼΪڣǧٿף᰷ڶ֣ȥϴνϵòһɺĵӣ֮أϿУʵ̸ָ
ȵ漴Ҳʼչأ񽥽


204 ᰷ڵֶ
һͷͷ޴ڻĴžʯǴִľϣĿȥڰ˸ֲϣæȻ죬ĻǹޣΪĹ¶ɡ
ԳƳΪʮһǳأʼǽͼֽѡδǳطλʼھػʮʿС
һ棬ʸӼ챱ǣ֯һֹҶҴǳأÿ壬ÿһǣڴţҶӵвսʤľӣ֮࣬
Ȼ̬ɢɳʹǰռĳǳأҵƳǣҶԶȻӼʹߣ׼ȴѰζҪҶֹͣȻ͵سպڶԴ½
ҶԶ֪Ϊ᰷֮ϵ´½ټ塢ǳ췴׼Ȼǿѹ޷˼Уң׼ǿߣѾټʣɾǿ߶٣񣬰׼ҪҶҷʵӣ᰷һ˽֮ԸҶңʱҶҾҪٰ׼
ڰ׼һּ£ҶԶȻֱնɱʹߣһ£ҶҾǧǰҶᣬҪ¶ش½
Ȼնɱ׼ʹߣðŭҲ¿Ҷǿᣬһº󣬰һλү֯оһҶҷߵ򷴡
ⳡ׼սĿȴڰպ󣬱ʧȥϢǻ֪ҶҲŶѾҶҽɱʮ֮󣬽ǳء
Ϣһը˹Ȼ󣬽ֳ·ֱһʱ䣬ս𲻶ϡ
˿̣³ǽݱŲ£һΧʮһǳؾ޴ǽػɣʼǽ
شһƬԭҰ֮УҶȷԭҰ·ǧģҶʸɾţ׽³ǹء
ĵذѽϣҶȷ뱾ʯʯ˲ƿн
󷨣ΪǬߵ󡯣һ󣬲ϷҲ޷óֻȼע⣬ǼƷɷʮʺϣ̺
Ҷʸɡ
ɷһۣ˽ˣɷҲǳأӵԣʥأ
ʯʯӷԴԴѾͨΪһ壬δ³ǳؽΧʵʵ˿̣ںϣҶȿʼһӡ֮С
ӡȫǬߵַӡһһӣϴһӡһʱ䣬һĹĻγһǣΪֱ齮Χ
ӡԽԽĻҲڷ仯ָӰˮеӰԣƻþⲻ
¹ȥҶֹͣӡһ죬Ƭ̲ͣӡӡںϣγһ½δ󣬰ѽڻǬߵΡ
ʸɴŴʯʯʼҶָķλʯʯһһϣڵصף֮࣬һĻͼҶɷڵٳһµعʯһ̨ɷƯʯ̨֮ϣʱͷſֲͷűԴ
ʸɻղŰշλʯʯһһأúʱҶ̴߶ɷ꣬ʱһ߲ɫηӡ˶ΧֱǧҶڵعһߵȼ󣬸Ʒʯں֮УǬߵڲúã̺ȴܱϾ̫ҪҶʵ̫ȴﵽͨ쾳ʵٴβǬߵЧͬ
Էʮǿ߹ǿߣһжס
󷨣Ĵʸ̱չУҶڵعоǬߵʵڱĿǰ磬ܲô󷨣ҲѾǾľ
һɣʮһǳسʮʿͨգоͬۿľȻԭ̺֮һ˿̫Ϣʥ֮
̫󣬲꣬ҪķѴʯвʯҲֲסһ꣬ȥɷҲУ󷨲γɣҪΪԴ󷨣ںϣоۼ
ֻڵع֮£һ޴̫¯̫¯ԷԴԴϵվ쳤ܹ󷨣ûķҲ̫¯õıƿأ
Ҷ̿ʼ̫¯̫¯ѳ죬һµ̫¯ֻҪӵܡ
ҶȾع̫¯֮ʱԶϷߵĺϣѹѹʿֱǾ춯أѴúХϣ᰷ʿɾΪ߸ϵĲӡ
ǧɴƺƵ½Уʮɾͷʮɾͷĸɣһ֡
ͳһΣͳһٶȣǧ½ֱ޵дڣƣϯ½
䡭
ţһ֮ڼžе̷С磬ͬʱСɢСΧɽ壬ֱӷʮӣС磬һͷϷŷһѽÿκоû˶
͸С󷨣ÿӣԿ죬ϤأһƬѹѹʿٷʱÿʶ̿ˮ־Ⱥ
øţͷڹˣãŴ򹷣һ
ǧɴͣգ˴ǿߣһſ˵ߣǸֻһΪ꣬Ͷ価ɱɫ
᰷ڣ챾Ŷ֪꣬Ҫʲô񣬾ƴܾˣҲǣ
ͻȻһλˣһۣСϿգһ룬ͫ䣬ȧͻ׵Ϣ
ˣ棬ΪҲߵģڶû֪ʵ״ﵽһֲֿز
棬ڿϳˣô꣬Ȼͻɰ뾳ҲˣʵѵƴһƴҲôӣ޹ģѵΪһ룿
ǿߣ֣ʮּɵ̿ʼ٩
ʧգȴϿ𣺡ţһΪԽˣִǸĸܱȣɴѣȫ⣬ҲҪսף
Ǿȫµ𣡡
ͻȻ־һȭһȭ־ƺУΪ޴СϿպȥ
䡭
һ׿ֲһݺݻС磬СΪ֮һ˶ѣ
ããã
ʱСڴɽХʮӣһ̣ǸղŸǿһʱ٣ȴû뵽ȻС󷨣ʮױ㻯ˣʵڹġ
Ǻ㾧񡭡󷨺ȴ˴½Դߣ
᰷깧سŴʩȻǧ𡢲ϡһ󡯣ַãܰĴһƣ죡
һ£ǧ𡢲˲ͷӿΪʮÿһʮˣ÷ɳʮɵķÿһ˶𡢲ӣȫصʮǿߡ
ʮɵķٴݱ䣬ʮ˴Ϣһ󷨣磬ÿ˼߶ھ˴ֻ֮һɾ룬ŰСʱ֮󣬾ʮɵ󷨣ͻȻһλλȻÿһ˻ӶһʮΪһ飬ۼһɳԽղλһСϯȥ
еӣͷ
᰷ڹ֮ʣСڣһλǿߣХһʮӣͷĬĬ֣һʱ䣬ںС֮УͷŵӨâ
¡
ĹʮɵһڵغСӡϣʱұըâʱѹС粻ϲ
ȿȡ
СڣһЩͽ׵ɵɵӣ׷ױ̲ס³Ѫֱεе߽׵΢ùһ㣬ֻˣɾǿƺһֱδˣȴš
ȥʲôʱǸͷ
ŵӣоȦĮһ־
һֹʼ
᰷һոչķ󣬼ȥһޣһµĿʼֿʼˣһǼȻС翴ȥȻȹ̣ǣÿŵӣʧȥս⡣


205 ̫ҳ
ŵ᰷ַܵڹС֮У᰷һʱ޷ƣ㾧ںϴ½ԴС֮У̺½򣬹ͨ½ô½Դӳ󷨣ʮ
СȻûйƣС⣬֮ɽ壬һеĵ᰷ڹСನлȥڼڱΪƽأûɽ壬ûɽȣһƬ棬һȥߣŲɽһ֣Ǵ½ʥأ񣬱صҲֳһ˼ҹӷ档
ݻŵ᰷ʮһһַʮλɼӳַ󷨹ͷųԽɵ֪ݻССȻ׾١
᰷ڽţ½ƿңǿ߰۲һһ½гǳأң׼ԼˣҲʼռǷ˷ۿʼսͳһ½ռء
裬ӭսʱð׼ҳ׸оȥҶҹռϡ󣬴½ǰʳڣǰ׼ķѾʼ򶫷ǳأ׼ܵС
᰷֮սܵ½ǿ߹עһս֮󣬲ķȡʤ½ֽз츲ر仯
أһʮɸ߳ǽһ̾ڴص̾һľ޴ǳء
̶һ£ҶҴͳ׹ƱΪʮǳأӵ˷²ɡʿǧ׼һʮˣЩˣȫͳͳѺڽ³ǣ뽨Ǵ֮С
ҶԶѲһССҶ峤ƳǳˣƿؼʮȻǰʮǾһǧˣԹһǳء
ΪҶԶʼɱפռĳǳأɷսܵʧİգͬʱӹ̳ǽͳһŻҵȵȣոսлķϵľãܿ͵õգ԰պָܿǳأսǷϡ
־ٴ룬رѾɷͷñڰնҶŷ𾴣һн죬ҶԶӻأҪʸ򲻷ȵҪ£æòɿ
вٴ壬һս޷ǣǣҶҴҲŹһһѹڵϰٴ壬Ҷǿʵ˿ҷһһͶѰǳأÿ廹ɳһЩʿμӳǳط뽨裬õͣˣԭҶԹڼ壬ֵõþͳЩһһǸʶҶǿͽ
ڱʱڣµعУҶһ޴̫¯
̫¯Ѫ¯ɣӵ޷̫ͨ¯ߴＸʮɣҶʮԼҹɡ
ȻĴУҶȶ󷨸˽⣬Ҹдٷ򣬱֮Ҳ̺зշͷŷ򣬷֮䣬ҶѪҺ֮оҲСһ㡣
ڳɹˡ
ҶʱѾ޴̫¯ڼ̨ϣںɷ֮£̫¯ͣԪǬߵȡУñƿص³ǳڣǿʢɷҲղѱ䡣
̫¯Ѫ¯ûн񼣵õ̫֮ǰѪ¯һֱҶԴԴϵԴȪԪΪΪṩҶУõԴԴ϶Ҷٶǳʮ˵Ѫ¯ǳɾҶȽҪ֮һ
Ѫ¯̫¯֮κηȫѱ䣬Ҷٶǳ˰ٱɼжôǿʢ
ǬߵԴԴõӳ֣ôõѱ䣬ؼԴԴԪ֮ڣΪ³ǳأÿһҰݡľˮﶼ£ڷѱԣ֮ÿһֲҲ³ǳسΪһʥء
ŵʥС磬Ҳ޷Ǭߵȣûк㾧񣬸޷Ӫţ㣬ǬߵĪ⣬̫¯պ᲻Ͻʥأ
ϧ̫¯ǿڤλĺ㾧񣬻δȫ֪󷨣󷨷һ֣
ǧһһľҶܸܵ
ҶΪһ֮ʣоӯ泩һ̣ڴʱͻȻһһȦ⣬浴ɢȥһɹʥҫҶ
ʥâУҶѷڣϲû뵽βǬߵ󣬾ȻͻɶأʵѲ⣡
ɲͬͻʱֳʥ⡣
ʥâҶȻȻܿɳ棬գֹͣ
ֻϧֻձ𲿷޷ͬʱͻơֻԼͻƣ
ңǬߵ򷨾
쳤ХһҶԶţ͸ƣȻǬߵڲڣǧ˶ܵ仯ûһ˿Ѽ෴𴿾֮ÿ֮󣬶о̥һ㡣
ǡ
ڰ޵ͻȻۣŴ仯գȴʸƯգʸ֣ͻɶ󣡡
δͻƽ׾һֻڶɽ֮ʱſ㲻ͻƣʵֽһߣǹȥʸɿһۣ˶ʱʧա
ݣ
֮ϣҶȸ߾֣һȦââȻ̫ͬһҫۡʥɴ
ţ
Ҷȷһץâʧ֮ڣΧһŹȻڣֻҶ϶һݲɣ࣬תʸɡ߳գ˼Ҷȵһۣ͸оҶԲͬŷܰһпʩˣ
ãβǬߵǹͲСʸס
ҶãһЦһץбһ߳ɫǹģķзŷһ㻭һ֣նѹÿҪ顣
ʸ𾪴˼顣
ԵɺնɱһλԺӣղ֮ԺӣΪ˻졯ƷǳֻƺЩ𣬵ǳǿᣬһʸô£Ҷ˵꣬һֱۣʸɡ
˻죡
ʸɻץס̼䣬һâ֮ͷųƺʮϿɻʸɣ⣬һλ󽫾ӵս⣬ñ֮
ͰĽĶʸ֣ϲϲ
ҲУ
֮ʱȻҶȷһץһ˸ƽˣһ֣ͷŵǰԵ۾ֱˣʸҲϢ
âʧһʴɵĻƽﵣعʣɶ칤ɣҶȵΪʥﵡӦϹǿʹùķһԶţǿޱȣǳѹķԵޱȣֻʷб٣ţ
ʥﵡ
æץסһ֣͸оһɸ֮˸΢΢һʥﵣһռ䣬˲飺ñӵɱסǿߣ
ҶȵһЦԵ
лˣʸһۣ̹ʩлһ̣ǲҶȵˡ
Ȼ᰷ҲӵУǣ׼ڴȻȴǲǴƷֻģͼģҲһǿʮ˻족ʥﵡһƷʺܸߵ̩λ棬㶥
ʥﵣһһܣɾ֮ƶɣϸӳ֣ԶԽһһ޵ˣʹʥ
ɾʹߣ֣Ǿҵ֣ãҪɾǿߣͨ쾳ǿߣֻʵ۰Բ񷣡
Ҷȴ˿̣뵽أ͵᰷ڣвɾǿߣͨ쾳ܣʱѪսһˡʵڡ¹ߣ߶Ǿްԣǿ֮ҪҶݣʱͲѪսƴ֮ս
ˣһǧ²³ǽ裬³ǳǽѾͨҪ³㣡ʸɲҶߣʸóͼϸ˵һ½ȣȻָųǳϷݴ½ǵʵ
ƳѾΪʷ뻻֣
ҶȸأκһһﶼܸܵϤĳǳأһһ˷ǣҶ˵֣̫ҳǣӴ˾ͽ̫ҳǣ
̫ҳǣʸһֳ
Ҷ֮ȡ̫ҳǣǶˡޡжǵõ޾봫УͲӵ񼣣нһС
̫ң֣ٴ


206 
յգһȼջ򣬴һð
̫ҳȴʮˬһĿӵصסвʿʿͨգǳһЩزˣ֮ͱӲʳ
Ǭߵۼͨںϣôڴڵõ
̫ҳǶĴ֮ϣ׷һͨʯӡŲԾ̫ҳǡ֡
̫ҳǳǽ֮󣬷ŷڽٶȵõʵҪ滹ǽǧʿ޶õ֣ԴԴߣ쳣سասЩжҲ̾Ҷѷֿ
ҶҴ·ֱ𳯶ϡ֣ÿ·ˣ˴ֱʮɽ죬Ҷҡҡһܣȫ洵ŽǣҶԶ̫ҳǣƿش֡
ʸڵعںϡ˻족롰ʥﵡǷҪܳһʱںϣһʵͻƽףҪ֪ɾͻʮѣͻһ㾳磬ǧ֮䣬ɸ߽ףͻ֮Ҫͻףټǧܽס
ͻɶأ΢΢ѱ䣬ǿ٣Ҳ׳һ֣Ҳٴεõϴ裬̫Ҳø߼
عѾγһռ䣬ռ֮УǺɷ̫¯Ҷһֱ޲󣬾ô޷졣
ֱһжƽ״̬ҶȲݱʸɡҲѷ£ɻƵҩ
ڵ̫ҳǣѾŶʢʱڣһסҲͻƣС磬°ٱСк㾧ΪۣҪǵõ㾧Ǭߵ󣬲̫ҳݴ½Դ̫ҳǾͻ㾧񳹵ںϣ½ʱ½ܲµĺ㾧̫ҳǽΪһӵк㾧Ĵǣпܽλ棡
ͨ󷨣Ҷ˫˸⣬аǰܾݴ½㾧Լ˵Ҫǣڲһ̫ҳǣĸˡˡѶҪһȫռ䣬Ϊȫֻ̫ҳǽΪ̫Ҵ½̫̫λ档
һ̣ҶƺδػȻʣ֮󣬳Խأﵽ֮ز񷡣
ǿ㾧ҷҪҪҪֻ̫࣬ҪǷһӣһò㾧Ҫ̫ҳѱΪ½ֻҪܳʱˣ
̫ҳǽɣɣһ̣Ǹõˣ
ȻתҶȿϷڣҶ̻Ϊԭƿնȥ
⡭
һҶȴȴһƬ߼ʷ棬Ʈŵǣð̣ȥǺ޵򣬶˼䣬ţŷĿôޱߣڣȫΪƽأǧҲܳһһľ
ǿʳ᰷ڣֶΣ
ŵŷ棬ҶͻȻе㷢䣬첻ʣΪۻ¾ܷԼϣԡ
¡
ͻȻڷ룬һһ޴Ģƣеɷˣźһ籩ϯأٴΰѷɣһʣƬڷ籩һһʴΪ
ǿһٲһú㾧ӵɾʵȴҲֲ˶ã
ڷ籩УҶһЦ̻Ϊһη˹ȥ
СͿȥŵ˴룬ʮӣֻʣ²ʮˣʬɽʣʮҲֻмɾӻһ˿СѾ᰷ĴھͿ㾧ά֣ãСᱻƣ
Ҷȳգǧ֮⣬ս᰷ʮǿߣûһ˷Ҷȵĵø᰷ڣҲǲѪȫ𡢲ӡʮλɣΪһ׵ף˵һţʮţҲ޷赲
ҶҲ׼ʶսʽɾǿֱţ᰷ȴǿߣ𡢲󷨣ҷûΣգҲûжģӿĥӾ飬һá
͡˹ȻУãȥܣҶһ̸оϤϢϢֱ뻪ͣ˳½ηȻҪǰ
¡
ãһιը𶯲񷣬вŵӣľɵӣһҲãڣʮӣȴһ쵽
棬ĵӣȫǷ㻹ֶܼãҲǸ˲ţֻҪͶɼ᰷ڣ֮أ
籩У᰷λɣӸ¸С磬
ߣ᰷ڣݵ±᰷ڣ̫⣬֮ܣգʮ֮
Сһ˻
ЩʱղܹС磬ȥҪȫûӵһ壬ߴЩüı᰷Ѫս˵лᣡҶ׸߿գͷ򣬿ʼһ澲ޣһע·һһ
Сڡ
ݽߵ໲ҽУʥԺӣҲһǣ޷ȥҲ޷ССһƣǱڻң϶δһȻǶ˵ֻһݲƲһݿĲƲ
һ̳֮ϣʮλΧź㾧ÿһˣ۵ҲһգС֮Уں㾧ǰС
ʮӣѾǶǱźģȻǲ𣬰ǰ񲻵ò
ͻȻۣһɨʮ˫ĿµֻһУסλպؽſܣңŴǰͿʼƻѾСɣȻһʱ޷ţǲýһԣλҪ᰷ش
ݣʮϣһһͷӦͷȫ׼һ
һ޴᰷壬չ
˫ʮ죬һ£СѾƽԵ᰷ȻַͣйҪ޷֮ա
ʮգСƣ
ʱ᰷ӪϿգһƯ֮УʮλǿߣԾΪΪǿλǿߣϷһ鵽Ľףζ
ǿߣߣ֪ж꣬ʮǿ󣬼ܺͻҪ֮ԶһǿܱȵģλߣѴ۷塣
ɾ磬ÿһ׶ʵвͬƩһףеһ꣬ʮϡˣһײߣе꣬һǿǧꡢǧ꣬쳣ۺʵǿʱ׼ߣʵǿ
ߣԶҶȵâǽĵϴǿ٣ɾǿߡ
λۿҪţǾΪú㾧ŪףŵûӣҲõʬ壬һѡŵӣõӶޣ
Ÿûɾǿߣ޷ǿ壬룬ܣɳ̽ӣȴδ֪κιڶϢ
ǲò
ǿߣ׷ۣȻţûǿߵСɣûһ˿и
ȻǾʬ塭Ҳ֣С磬Ҳûеһ˿ԣ桭ȻźУ
˿̣׸߿գҶע᰷һһȻʮɾͷ̸һ᰷Ŀġ
Ҷ᰷֪ǮõĶһʮҪԸõǾ绢ԶԸ
ˣԪӴһͼͼӰ֮ˣʵ¹׷ɱ֮ˣǶɣ
ʱ׾ͷ֮һһץһͼҶģԼּּ¼΢΢һ䣬˲ֳŷݣȻŴǿ߷ȥ
ҶȣһߣȻҵˣ
ҲһţԵɾ翹ɣبѼôڱݴ½δˣп򣬻ʲô˲ݴ½ôһţݴ½ˣ
Ϊ˸ȻҪ׽ôˣλȥ˳һݣҲһݣ汻ҷ֣ӱȻټҵȼˣʱͲñ᰷ڣ
һλĽ˵˵Ҷģס
ѵûһΣŹȥһԺôˣιͨ𣿡


207 Ե
źһЩ˻ΪӴ㣬ӳҪԺģιݴ½ΪԺȡӵһӣѩΪʽӣ׼ȥӵݼѩ
ѩɾһˣӵһӣţڣԺֻɵӣѩɾ𣿡
֪ѩȻɾȴɱǿߣݴ½ʷϣмˣԲŵõԺƸ¼ȡӵѾɣһȥ񣬴ŵգԺʹ߽٣ʽֻǧǰԺе
ʮ̾һۣѩλҶ֮֮Ժ
ѩ
յҶȣһһÿռ𶯣˫ͫһĨЦһӰͫλΣøѩҵõ㾧񣬼ӵһ飬ʵԶǰ
û뵽᰷ڸֿżȻõѩϢѩҶʵڴɱ⣬ɺֿɶ񣬲ѩȴҪҶ޲
ԪӣĪ᰷ںųƵһŵġԪ
ҶһԺѩһʱ˵ĺڱŵӲ٣ܼȴ֮٣ԪǱָˣΪ˸ĳ
ŵԪ޵ף᰷Ϊ಻޵ɸ߽׵ϳϣˣһշ죬ĺ˲֪
סԪݴ½ǳţϵĴڣȻȥ̩λ棬ҪͨԺ˲ܳΪԺѧԺѡѧһϸ񣡡
ȵԪѩȥˣֱӱԺУһӵԺݴ½Ҳűȼڣѩ϶ˣô˵ĺ£Ҫȥú㾧ΪߣҶ羢ѩڣ
λĴˣΪӰ£һɣΪӳȻ˺ô
׾ͷ˵κˣ˽Ȼһȣʮ㡣
ץҡΣѩûаݸ֪ˣҵ½
ҶȾгѩ£ŷһоš
С磬˿᰷ַڹһһ죬Сڣʮӣȥ٣඼ƣߣһϢڽ첻Ӧеصز飬֧һգСѾһˮ⣬ʱҪΪӰ
ƺƽʱҪ᰷ڵһžȫԸһͬ裬գΪһ޵дڣС磬䣬СЩҪǿʧһǿ˹ȥ
Ű᰷ʮɾͷһһɳƯգҡҡ׹С׼֡
ǿߡѾӦСѾľʱƣţһ죬٣
һĨԭƯеҶȣԼʱ׼֡
СϾҪʧʮͬʱ
С绹δʧһλǿߣһӣʮ󣬾Ű᰷ڵӣһ޴ϷһͬͷŻһһ̣ƺҲ˻ڲڵͳ
ˣ
СʮӣƿԣȻһ٣ɲףСҲС᰷һһնɱŭһһڿ
䡭
һ޴ɣ˾ŰʵֲһһޣСȻССС磬ڲȻƽСϣ˲һѿڣСҲһ룬ʧ
ɱ
᰷ǧ𡢲ӣƺƵСѿڣһһһȺһȺһС磬һͨһжҪ᰷ڵӣֱɱۡ
ţСռ䣬û飬ѶپФ֣ڳϽС磬׽棬к㾧⻤
᰷ʮǿ֮һ͵߳Աʩ
ФߵͷԬ֣ӦϣҪС棬Ȼɰ뾳թĺܣǧߣλҽȥ
ಣ
ʮɾͷֻʣλݣưѮ£һλİСһͷԷǿߣŴɣ˲С磬СȻûϣѷһӳ
᰷ڵСģԬǿߣϢʮۺ񣬲ȴڼ٣ǧͻףͻữΪһѻ˲꾫ǿߣΪã̫̫ҳǸսɣ󲻾þҪͳһ½ȱ֣ã᰷Щɾͷ᰷ڡŵӣҶˣ
СһԣҶͻȻһɲ˼뷨Ҫǰ᰷ǧɵӡʮǿߣԼŽʮֵȫ£Ҫһȴ
뵽ҶȾһüЦԬߣ̸һС֮С
ţɾͷȻһ
СҪգҶȸոս룬͸оǿϢ˲ͷŸоŴǿߣȻСȥҶһЦֱӳ㾧ȥģǲڣȡɵӵĻᣬҿɲôʿСһͬʧΪã
ӰһӰ·᰷̼ɵӣ׷ɱŵӣŵһĴΪ籾᰷ڵӣǶ֣һС
򣡡
ҶͻȻ˫ͫ˸ŵʥâţͻȻŷҫ䣬˲Ѹײڶ֮ɨһƬգŵӡ᰷ڵӣǵɡɣͳͳⱻһգʧ
ô£
գۣһƬӾʧ᰷ڲǿߣֲԾûǷӦͱա
š᰷ɵӣʮˣɢСռ䣬ȴˮҶһ㣬ʧһʣʬ壬Ҳûʣ£쳣ûбκη֣ǿߣоڴ룬ĻעЩһһ䡣
üһǧ᰷𡢲ӡʵ뷴룬Ҫɱɱ棡
ȡˣҶ̸оһ򾧱ڣһɨʱڽ˿꽣󴥷һϯһٶɵӻΪʬ֮ȼճΪһƬҽ
˸ʵһ㣬˭ٸҷЩ³
Ԫ񷢳һǡ̩ɽѹֲƣ˷ˣɡǵɱ־壬һһεȥ
Ȼֲˣ޲׼ǿߵȵȣڣ͡Ҳ룡
Ҷջ򰲾ˣε˯ҶһɨС磺ɶκα类Ūˣ
ţˣ
СٴһһǴڵ⣬ƻϯСڲпռ䣬ʣͳͳΪղʮûб򣬿ζҪȥ᰷ǧɵӣҪȥ롣
ɾǧɣɷ
ȲҪڲһɶһ֣ûУ
ҶȵƯڻ籩֮Уͷ𽥳Сڲɢȥһо۵ס
棬Ͷɣ
һӨգ᰷ھŴǿߣƬռΧʵʵǿ߸ոջղŻͷŵġ
Ŵǧ׵λãһڵգʮλϣػں㾧ǰԺ㾧Ŵ־ԿˣԵʮǱ
浭ɫգƺڵգС粻һ㣬治мߵƴһɣ
ߣȻҪѰͱҵĺݣ
һǿߣɶǿߣһ˾ۼһ𣬱ȸղ˻һˣĴɣС硣
޷
ĴͻȻ߾ָ֣գ˲䣬һɻȵԽɣǾɵĺɫȻǧףγɣɺɫһ֣СȻʼ߽⡣
С磬һ̣ӭ
ɷ𡭡Ǻɷеĺɷ𣡡ԶҶȸܵɫ棬˲侪̾
᰷ںɷ𡭡ɶ񣡡
ڣ˲Ϣ֮ɷ𣬳ԽɵĴڣһ٣СҪʧ̼ǿ㾧֮ڣһʱ䣬Сڵʱգʱúڣ޹⣬һݴ½Դ
棬ǽʱˣ
С⣬λԬߣޱ飬͸ɱڣ˫Ŀ⣬ƺ


208 ķ
š
Ϣȥѹ½־Ÿڵָ֮䣡
Ӯң˭˵Ÿ޷ģھ͵ʱ̵˭ߣ
ɽ֮УϽɽߣ߳輧﹨Ϣעһһ
Сǿ߲õС磬һ󷨣˴½սʥأСʧ½ʿܸܵԪڱ仯ӵɾʵǿߣͨͨɽΧһɵ䡣
ÿһɣܹȥڶôǿҲⲻ˳ٵһ졣
ĸ
¸ʮλǿߣٸĸΪգܸܵвǿߣһȴ䣬µİ
½գҲǿߣһһעŴ½Ϣ˱仯ڱ仯һ޴Ҫ䣬һʥˣڴ½ȽȽᡣ
һ½γʮѣϿ£ٶγɣ½ӵԣԻѡд˵Ĵߣô½Ϊ򣬶˭һλߣһֻܿս˭ϡ
ǿʵƿش½ӵвˣſԽأ½ѡвˣ˽ϵһˣͣߺһʹߡ
һ½˱仯ؽΪ½ݴ½Сһ֣׺һɳ΢½ı仯𳬼ͷĿ
ţ
СĳգеҶȣͻȻܵһ½صԪȻԼϢҶÿһκȡ½Ԫ½Ҷ̫ҲϽҲһδϴ衣
ô£ոͻɶأδͻ󡭡
ͻأ䣬ҶһͷˮͷԣΪԪԼϢںϣǽͻȴֲ̫ҶôҲ벻ףˣñʼعͨȡؾء
ȫ򿪣жˣ
Сɫ֮Уֲɷ֣ɷĴǿͷ£Խۺ׼Ҫһʮλϣһһվÿҡҡ׹ƺһ㡣
滺վ˫ͫޱŭ𣬶᰷ھŴɣɶźۻ˲ʧ룬ɶҵУҲܵӰ죬Ŵɣȫ䣬᰷֪Ҫ÷죡
ţ֪Ļϲ⣬ҵĺ㾧񣬻壬ߣԶҲ޷õ㾧ҲõһУҵķµɣааЦɢƮϢ
˷
Ĵǿߣһλһ׸֣ɫռһˣһָ
䡭
һɷɣݻΪһޣٴһӡʩչһĪʱ߸Ծſ죬棬Сɫȥ
֮գȫգռ䶼˻𺣣ݣƲɵ˲ںɫ֮ϣˮ̿ɫվұըɫϢСռ䡣
罣ʽ
ںɫը֮󣬺ռ䶼ȼգһλһǿ߳˫һӡַ֮죬Ŀˣǧ׺ɷУȻһɻ硣
ڰգȻڿгһʮɵĻ޽ǼӲ̬УǽǷ磬罣һϯء
磬һɽҲҪʴνܷκĲ֣Ȼһ
ɾǿ߶棬ʮʿڴˣһ΢磬˲ɱСռ䣬ǿͨÿռԵ
ɣ
ǿ޵ֶΣ棬̫СǣȻ޾⣬ڸոջ빥£һȥʣһ޹صȴţǰϣϣǣڣȴκϣ
泹׷֮ԷȻϣ᰷ǿߣǿռ䣬ϣСռ飬ﵽĿġ
Ȼϯɫգеȼշνһȫȼգ߽⣬飬ٻκȻ޴棬ΪģȻһţһϣȥλ
֮
ĴУǿǰһǿ˺ǿߣȻҪһ
ת֣𣡡
ǿߣͻȻĬĬһڤڤ֮Уǳǧ׵ĺɷ𣬾ȻʼΪһУת
£Сڲռ䣬ȻҲתŷСռҪǺɷ룬ɡ
͡
ɷУձ仯Ϊһֱǧ׵Ļ֣Ǿ沼ͼڣȼյÿһŷͷγɻ֣Ǿ΢΢תسɫվͷ䣬һñӣҪΧ
Ǳһɣ֣ͨģɼ
ҶԶС룬иֵܵǿҪôҪôǰҪ֣ʩչɱǿߣ

ڰλϣ֮ϣǵֵǿ󣬸ɿܣ˴ϣװڰ棬ԴС
䡭
תͻȻһ죬һ˲ȥ䡭˵ը֮󣬰λϣʬǶûʣ£ֻʣѪ֮ӣһЦϡһȺΪ赲Ҿ֪һŻ䡭
棬Ȼĺ
Ȼ϶ɱ᰷ھŴǿߣһĻɱǽ᰷ڿ϶ҪһС
Ҳѡǿһλһۡ¹ϣȷʵǸȻߣ϶ı
ԶգҶͷһĻĻУţЩɫϢŷԺ޵򣬶ˣʹ򿪺޵ͨú޵Ը᰷ڣǺֶΣ޵Ȼһѿռ䣬ʷĳҲϹѿռ䣬ʮǿᣬԸ᰷ڣٺò
䣡
ȼյĻ淨֣ڽڵϷַźڰһһΣһδҡȥ㾧ҲʱʱޣɶǿߣֱϺ뾨֮𣬸ɶ׶֣ɰ뾳ֵڣѾ漣
ǿһףѾӦģɾǿߣԼһ
ᣡ
ۿڰҪڷѹ飬澹ȻһץһǿڰȻѾŴǿڵСռ䣬ȫƿأɾǿߣһ̶оЩ粽Уռ䣬ŷһ㡣
ɶ񡭡棬ȻЩֶΣ
ƷֵǿߣȻ޷ɿƷֽйһͷŵĹƿأռ䣬ȫΪֹ״̬ͷǿƿ۵ÿҪը
棬ţµɣ
˫֮£ȻһʱռƣǣʵôᳬԽɣԣȶãͼֲסľǿնɱ
᰷ǿߵȲˣĽǿ֮һһλ޵Ľ׵ͻȻһǰԶգһĮȻ棬Ȼ󻺻Ӷ֣һֲָķ֣ͻȻСռ䣬Ȼڻζ
ѵһ̣Сڲ춯ͻȻҶ뵽ʲô
ͣ
һѪ԰ɫĽ׼ӳǿ뷨ϣϢѪ˫Ѫ죺ʱˡ޵򣬸ҿ
䡭
ɷһ̣Ľ׿Ƶķ֣ڹһ󷨣ը㾧ڻУһ㣬Ȼʼ飬Ƭһɺɫ籩룬ţСռ˲ѣֺɫյķ籩Ȼ羨Ϻһ㣬᰷ھŴǿߣ·޾ڰԨ
Ԩ֮£ϹĿռ䣬޵


209 
ˡֱʣ
Сռ䣬ըһֵ̣ĺɫ籩ҶİоϢϤǺ޵аȻԭһжƻ֮У᰷жǿԣۼСһƿؿռ䣬᰷֪ǿ߻һУͰѿռռһСڲռռƬͻᱻ޵򣬶޵ֻͨӵУɸ߽ǿ߱޵Ҳ˺ʱգ뿪޵򣡡
޵Ϲռ䣬ʱռ侧ڣɾȻǿ󣬵ǣʱգǺޣһ룬ͻͨ쾳ϣ뿪
޵类ʴħа͡Լ϶ǿħͷ˵ɾͨ쾳ǿ߽룬Ҳֻ·һ
һ᰷ھŴǿߣ޵򣬾ԶȻħΪаͣħ
һУνǸ׳нطСԼΪֱۣͬھֶΡ
ݣǸˣˣ̫¡
ȡ
Сռ飬Ϊ޵籩λһǿתͱ籩ߣֺһ֣ͱ籩޵֮С
ǿ⡢ռø棬úݵֶΣҿѳȥ
ʣˣȫɶ׵ǿߣλФߣΪǿߣ˲Ҳ籩ס޵򻺻ȥˣûôǿΪڷ籩Ȼ·׹䡣
취Ⱦǣ
ǰɶǿߣΪͣҲǱ籩ˣԽԽаĺڰԨ˺ȣĵףǣǿ߶޷ȥֺ

籩ͻȻɶǿߣô޷籩ڰԨͷԨаħ֮

ͻȻڷ籩֮Уˣ˾ȻĽǿͷŵը֧飬֡ŲˣҲͳһ󶴣ԴҲûһ룬ħɭɭضڷ籩ʣˣ᰷ڣҪ޻أȫں޵򣬱ħʳ
桭
᰷Фߣ籩סţΪǿߣӵޱʱ£ûзͻȻͷһݴ½ԴͬϢŲƣ
ٿ
ФͻȻλһ֮⣬ͷһɴΪһǹ⣬ӷ籩˲ɳ籩󴭴ضʣλǿߣȣ
ĵ̷籩籩֮޷ƣۿʱ˱籩ԨʣĽǿߣһȻסͬʱҲ籩סһʱ޷ǰ
ФܲˣֻϧԬǸϺ꣬棬ʮˣһײЦƯڷ籩Уһ߽ʬ
棬ȷһУԶܿģǡФߣץס᰷ǿߣȴ޷Ը棬ԽԽƺҪС硣
ͣ
ͻȻ֮ʣԬǿߣͻȻһɳְֱͷ­ķɡ
Фͷ󺹣汻Ԭһնɱϲ⣺Ԭ֣ȡ㾧϶֮ڣ
ܲˣ
Ԭǿ֣ʬץȥ
Ԭڣ
ͻȻһ־ͶӰʬ屬һ֮бֵ־ͶӰȻ߰˷񣬵ȴǸˣ޷ϸͶӰں޵籩޷
־ͶӰֱһƳԬǿӭһơ
䡭
ԬڡúʮԶȴδˣ෴ͷǿʢ飬ͻȻɾ㵣ӹֵ־ͶӰͶӰ㡭ѵ
ԬڣҴ򽻵ô꣬Ȼ֪桯ҵĵڶԪѣҵõ壬һɹޣ޵ɾԬڡФƥ򣬻ȥߡȡ棬һ죬һɱ᰷ڣȡͷǣ
桰־ͶӰ˵꣬ͻȻƿ桰ʬ塱׼ȥ
桭ȥ
ۼҪߣԬܰװ׼뿪޴ԬǾ뿪ʩչ׿ֲٶȣ桰־ͶӰɱȥ
䡭
Ԭڷɵһ룬桰־ͶӰʩչ׼󷨣һ̣ͻȻһִֻץ桰־ͶӰ˲ɢһץסʬ壬ʧա
˭˭
ԬȻͣס˼鿴ǰһУֻ֣ͻȻ֣˲նɱӵɾʵ桰־ͶӰʬ壬ֱǻڶʳԬ챬ը
룬᰷ΪһƫԶǧ𣬲ӣʮǿߣΪľǶȡ㾧񣬽شۣۿ֮ʣȴ˶ߣǰװ׿Ѽӷߡ

ͻȻһʥ۹âգԬ̳ٶ֮죬֮ǿŻѹơ
ţ
籩ס޷ƶԬڣתһ޷ʥǹһһǰ

Ԭڷˣ巢飬ǰ˲߽⣬һ󾪣ǿֶΣͷ¶βʲô
ˣ
ͻȻԬϷգһ֧ƽﵣɽӡ˷ƣȻԬ

ԬڴʧɫҲ̼һɫ׳нһ
䡭ͣ
ƽ̩ɽѹڳɫ֮ϣ͵һ𣬳ֹѣֽˣԬһ˼飬ţƽ壬ʱžը˲оû˸֪ںȻ£Ѿɵ
Ԫӡ
ƽﵳɱԬڣǿߣʧȥһи֪һֻһʥҫ˲ͷ­֮УͷһԬա
Ԭ֣
籩סȴѾȫȷ籩ĽǿߵФԬھȻƿأĿɿڴֳֻƽﵣɷ˰̣ФʱͷʼҲλĽǿߡ
ߣ
ֳֻƽﵵɷͻȻҶȳФϿգɷҶͷһѺ޵籩ѹ⣬Ҷ俴ФѾľͶңұ㣬ھɱ㣡
㡭
Ф֪һдԬڵĽףӵʥﵣǿҶһ֣ФȻֻһɶߣͻȻԺ˸ԪͼͻȻ𺳵Ҷȣ㡢Ҷȡ
ңѾûѡ񣡡
ҶͻȻФǰٶ֮죬Ф𾪵ʧȥ֪ʶᣬҶһФͷһʥ⻷ФԣФԪ񣬱ԪӡԶҲ޷ҵĿƣɣھĨɱԪ񣡡
Ը
ФعȴԼԪ񣬱һ޷شٵһԪ޳ܣ̷ֿΣҶͶ
ʶʱΪܣФӴ˸ң㣡Ҷ˵꣬һӣФŪһ࣬ҶͻȻ籩·Ҫ޵ĽǿߣͻȻס
ĽǿߣʱףҶһ֣Ǿͱ޵һ̣ǷκͷֻҶҲǣֱӴԪӽ˴֮УƿԪ
ߣͿȫɣ
ҶͷŴǧͼͼǿںϣƿФĽǿشӷ籩жߣȥһ̣ռ䣬һ±һգʲôʶȻ޴棬ţС翪ʼݡ


210 籩֮
ɶ񰡡˭϶᰷Ϊ᰷ڣһҪ𡭡
СһŽںɫ籩ʧһŷ籩³ԨȴЪ˹ɭɭ
ų꣬ǿһӪ죬ȴڽ죬䣬һٹأȻѷţһʧ˭Ҳ֪ںδԿ϶һ㣬Ѿ޵ɾ
Ǵ½֮Ͻɽߣֻ޵ɾѹ᰷Ҫ˽
С٣ΪƬʱ޵򣬶Сʧ¶ڳ棬ΡѳΪȥʣֻǧݲķ档
յķأʲôҲûУĿ£ʱʱҽضǣŵ¼š
ৡ
շһȦӰƿնҶȡФԼĽǿߣһʧµĵ棬ֶΣöԸһֺúݣ
̫С棬˱뿪·ƴһ޵ɾ绹ͣһټնɱΪһнҶȺܶ⣬᰷ڣȻ澫Ĳ˸ͷ
ҶȡȴлҪ£ֲõ¹˶ʵǲ˼飬ɶؾһսң޾ʱռ֮ҲҪǺ޵ռߣȴں޵ռͥŲ
᰷ǿߣФʱһļº£ղۣǿдҶȣؼĺѰҵҶȣȴû뵽ȴôһƫԶ᰷һսˣ
شţ˭Ҳ֪Ҷʲôã½Ҫÿ䶼ܷŹм塢ʿҪǰͳͳɱˣ壬̫ҳԶҪ̫ҳͳΣ
ǣˣĽǿ纣ХһɢĽǿߣ˵һ½ʮ½ҲӦһУ̫ҳ
಻ص½ÿ䣬ֻҪʿһһӦԴͷɾǿߣһʱ䣬ʿǿߣǿǣŵ䣬ÿ˶Ӧ֣˵½˵ˣһµʱ١
ߣ
գۼ䣬ǿƿ˲ߣٴγʱȴ̫ҳϿգФĽǿߣһ̫ҳϿǵ޴󷨣Ī⣬ԴԴϡ
û뵽˴ֱʳǳأ˼飬һУżȻģļƻ֮УĪǡФ׾ͷϸϸһ룬ƺͰһжװס
Ҷȴ䣬˽̫ҳǡ
ǰȥ̫ҳĳѾãǧū׳ۣҶҴѾ칥Ϸ׼ҵֿʸɳһپֱɱ²һ£Ҫ
̫ҳ뽨һ޴ǣһʳǲҪҸΡ룬磬ʳ·Ѳһ󣬶ʳǲҪиʯԵⱦûʣݻ¡
ΧоŴǣ֮ʮΧסγɡǹ¡̫ҳǿȥޱȡ
ȥŴǣҲ޽֮Уǧˣʿ̫ҳǿ¾Ҫڰɽ裬вٰѾס³ǣҶԶޱף󵨴£ɷȻϸȴڹ֮ϣ³ǽʮ䣬κ˰ܵһ
̫ҳǣĳǳأҲ½֮УϷǳҲؽٳǳͶʿʶǿ֮ĸҷԷɾǿߣ飬ҲɾͷѾ˵ȥ̫ҳǲˡ
սҵľǶڣȻŻ𣬵׼һвʿʵٹ̣ۼһЩͶƴֿҶҴȴҲѣƹǳ¡
̫ҳǣһڣҶȡʸɡФԬĽǿߣһһ̶ԬܵǿһûлָҶһѰץҷΪ֪ԼԪѾԷκ뷨ٶԷ֪
ͨФܣĽǿߣֱ峾᰷ڳϵӣ᰷ҲһŰȴ½ԸͷʮƣФԬҲ
ǲҶȿƣҶ߻ʸǿߣǳʧȥ뷨Ҷ֡
Ҷһ˽⣬Ԭڣ᰷ڶ½μƻģ
Ԭ򣬱Ҷ־ѹôδɾǿߵ˿£ǿ󣬼ֱһҪǿᣬڻţʵش𣺡˵Ļ᰷ڴŵõ㾧֮󣬾½ؽڣ׼ͨ½Ϊ壬ѱķк½
꣬Ҷ侲ͷ᰷ҰĻСΪһɣãФ̫ҳȻָʵ֮󣬾ͻ᰷ڣ˵½Ѿ£ȻҪٺôӻҪͳͳΪã
ФüͷͰ͵ĵˣ᰷ڳֲᷢףΪ᰷Ҫռ½һûǺܿͻ֣ᷢʱٽ½
޷϶þ϶ãֻҪϸʮ꣬ʱ᰷ڣҲҪ̤ƽ
ҶһɨԬڡФ̵ͷңҪ½Ҫ½һʥأ̫ҳǣʱ򣬰ڣΪ½ΪһɣͲپ᰷ڣʱҵΪٶȣͨ쾳ǿߣɾ٣ɱ٣Ҳ᰷֪ͨ쾳ǿ߲ûмŲԶˣһ᰷ڣǰһֻͻãһֻϣ
ҲǣֻҪȺúð£ʲôʯʯҩͳͳٲȣ᰷ʲôôʲôҪˣ̫ҳǣûǣֻҪǺúЧҲԽ˵ǰͷҪ˭ұңֻ·һʵǣͨ쾳ǿߣȻͨ쾳ͨ쾳Ҳκңã˾ڴ˺úһЩƷʯ㹻
ҶȰ˵꣬óٿƷϧʯԬˣȻʸ뿪˹
ȻƷʯ᰷ڣƷʯò峾ﴥĿ˼ʯͰ˵
ФԬڱ˴˶һۣҡҡͷǾϲΣʵ£ǲòͷʼָʵ
ֶĴǿߣ½һӿ죬ôŵӣ᰷ǧɵӡ
ʱҶʸɳ̫ҳһƬδĻҰϣҶȴһӣʮŵӡǧ᰷ɵӣһһճ֣ЩȻ򣬵ȴմѻָʵ

ʮӣѹѹسԭҰϣ飬ÿ˶Ǳ˽򣬶ڣ뿪ȴһĵطٵӶ½Ϣ֪½
˸ţǹȥŵӣ᰷ڵӣӴԺ󣬱̫ҳһӣ
ҶХŷͷȣʮӶʱͷƤ飬뿴Ưǿߣλɣһλɾ˶ʶҶȡʸɡ᰷ֻӣϳҶȡ
͡ˣңǸҳɣ
᰷ǧɵУ˫졢Ŀڻرܣһϸ΢仯Ҷע⵽ң͡ϢҶȫգǲܶҶĿ⣬Ҷһֱˣǿߣ֮ϳ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮĿ£͡˳طգ˾ִҶȣŴҶȾŪյߣ˻عæģͽôҲʦңʦ㲻
Ҷȷˣ߿ˣҺãΪߣΪɵôߣʵ㣬ķ᰷ڷִݻ٣һǧӣС磬Ϊľɶң̵ұĻ뻢ıƤ
㣡͵Ҷȵ¼εĺܣû뵽һĻ֣ȻŪϡ
᰷ڡеãӴûţҲû᰷ڣֻ̫ҳǣֻ̫ҳҶңǴӴҪΪҶЧͣΨǴӣ˭棬³
͡
һƣҶ˫ͫɢʮʿľսǲҶһ֣ѻ͡ͷ­׾ժߣѪȾգʮʿҲû˸֮ġ


211 
˭в֮ģֻ·һ޲ƼͳƼ𡢰׼ҵͳͳҳ
˲ɱ͡ˣֳˣѪһΣ˵ֱҶȵħر᰷ɵӣ֪һҶȰƲȻߣȴţɱ֮ҶĿ⿴ŵӪӸ¸ɡ
һ£޲ȷɳɫ԰ףͫ͸ſ־壬ǰŸ߸ϵĳϣ˿̣Ҷǰʲôǣһλλɷɳˣٶ׼ҵӡ
Щ˶ףҲδҶȣΪΣҶƫƫ֪ǣһͷһ
Ҷһɨˣһɻ󡢾Ŀ⣬ҶȵһЦǿܲʶڵңһݣ֪˭ˣ
˵꣬ҶȻʩչ׹ǹ˲䣬Ӹͷεģ˲ɾûһҶӰӡ

û޲Щɸϳһʱ䣬ŵɾӣɽХ㾪һ˽һˣû˲𺳣Ŀ̳֣⡢ɻ󡢴㵡־壬һһ֡
Ҷ˲رģٴ˸е˼飬޲ƼֵΪ뾪֣ǰλǿߣȻŵӣˣǿ׷ɱľ꣬ں޵Ҷնɱٵӣº󱬷޲ǿĴ׷ҶȣϧҶʧӰ٣ҲΪμӣû뵽̶̼꣬ҡһ䣬Ȼǿ
޲ĴѰңɱңʱעˣҡƼңң׸棬ͳͳҪնɱһɱңв֮ĵˣҶҪնɱ
Ҷ˫ͫͻȻһ棬ǧ֮޲ƼͳƼλɣ̱Χ£գ۹򣬾ͻΪҽƮɢ

ʮӣĿи߸ǿߣȻ˲䱻Ҷնɱ˭ݣ꣬նɱٵŴһ𶯣ʱֱѣڣøǿ
󣬻׼ҵӣвˣѾ֪ΪҪǳҶҵӣǧǰҶͳ½һϦ֮䣬ͱ׼ȫնɱ٣һǲҪǱİҲᱻҪ½ţǾǱڳţߣͳͳҪ
һڣͻȻӿѰٵӣȫΧɻǵɣڻģ̶̼ӣһһΪҽź绽İһϣչڻ
Ż滺ʧҶ·ʮʿͻȻĿֻһ˭˭뷴Ҳ⣬һ䣬ɱץǣüֵз֮ģȫҪʾǵľĵˣ
˻һԭҰʮʿԳĬҶӲǿƣ֪ǵҶϣңҶ˵΢
Ը⳼Чңз֮ģ𣡡ʿɻǵɣͬʱ£Ҷȿͷʾġ
Ҷʮ⣬Ҳɱ¾֮ģãǾʱŹǣúñ֣򣬲Ҫļ壬ҲҪȫȥǳر˵ǣ
һʱ䣬ʮʿǧɣĬĬͷƺƵΡȥ˾ó棬˭Ҳҳտһֻۣ߳棬Ϊҽ
ʸʮڣ½һһ˰ʳΪƽأú̫ҳǣعФԬڡ峾ˣһһҶ֪ʵһָԬ̫ҳǣΪߣФԻ᰷ڣҪ᰷Ϊµ½ҶȶԻʸɡÿ¶
ʸɡӦǣ
ˣвʿҪ̫ҳǣˣ
Ȼһɾʿ̫ҳϷҶǰһλʮؽ칧Ҷȵϥµ
ʸɡˣҶϸϸһ룬һ̸ӦϤİϢڿ΢΢ͷǽڴ˵ţ
ʿ̷Ϸգʱ˿̣Ҷֻ΢΢һ̫ܰҳһϢյһ˿¶˭־ֻҪз֮Ҷȶ̻Ĩɱ
³ǳҪѪУȻʩſɡ
ಡ
ʱճһ磬ϷգһλλǿߣвϢǵͽף󲿷ֶɡɣǧˣƺƵҶȶ
Ҷ֣ϲϲ
Ͻɽ֮ǿߣ߳ԶˬʴЦҶȱʾףأ輧﹨Ҳףء
Ҷһ֣˲ǰŵòΪ֮һҶһɨУֻжϽߡ¸󡰸ĸʮϤˣ׷δλɾǿߣһɢɶףһǸߣϢʮأȻϢҶ΢΢һɨ㷢ִ˾ȻĽǿߡ
ϢƺʮͻأҶȿУȴʮ־λĽߡ
½ȻһƯҲһЩǿǱҶһ½ǿ߼ۼֻжвǿϢһǰǿߡ
ҶһǧʿдСɻǴΪҶУһӣӽԺҪΪ̫ҳҶΪ𣬲֮ģȻҲǿ־ڸһᣬ˭뾴ҶΪߣվȻǿˣ
ߣԲŷʷδ£ǰΪ½ʱŷҾδοССһҶң
ҶһһǧʿĬƬ̣ͻȻȺ䶯£ڵ߳˵
һ̣߳輧﹨ߣ໥һĪ֪ˣƺһȴᵱͷ
¸󡰸ĸŮӣҲδվԭһ
ɣһλɶ׵ǿߣλףؼߣҲûκж
ʱȺʼӿһһ߳½ĸ˵ģѡȨ
ҡšһֱΪһ֮Ҽ̤κǿʤ
ҺôҲ׼ҵļ壬׼ҲûʸҳҶкεºأ
һҲǡ
ƼҲһȡ

ֻһʱ䣬֮ԽԽ࣬Ǻ󷽣̬߳ȣЩɲһ֮һ֮ΪɾмλɰǿߣоءʮǿߣЩˣţҲǸ߸ϵĳϡ
һվҲ࣬ٶˣ֮һԣ֮ûжǶϽɽߣɣ¸δһ£پߣƺʲôͷҴ¡
Ҫ뿪𣿡һɱ֮⣬ҶȻæһ˫һҵȡ
֮ʿҶһɨʱоҪϢ־챻ᣬĻ˼Ҳû˵仰һ¡
ҶȰȻҲ෴һǲҶңȷʵǿˣ˵ҵ־һУߣҪܵУõͷǣǵļ壬һ̣ͳͳڻ֮°ɣ
䡭
ۿҶһƽ߶֮ҷЩʿҲмһˣ֪Ҷ˵꣬ٶʿʱΧ˲Ϣ֮䣬ûֻ޾ԹʿתۻΪҽһ

ԵľǶϽɽߣλʵĽߣ¸󣬶оҶȵ׺ֶΣһЦһ֮䣬ɱٶʿңҶһڵļ壬ɣ׷׽棬һʱ䣬½شأŻĻ־
ڳʿܵͬ־Ȼٶʿļ塢ɣһٲʮˣȫ˲Ҷ»Ϊҽ
˲ɱʿʵɾǿ˵׾٣ֳϽɽ߹λɾ֣Ҷ𺳣ҶɱˣɱˣһɱˣǾǷɱɣǿ־ǿߣҲҷ
ڣ˭Ҳɱзҵ־ˣ½ңҪðɣҵҪܼ򵥣һжҪҶҺǣȴūҶҰգһ̿ʼұػǣ˭ҪԸǣǾǶԸңͨ쾳ǿߣҲҪ޻أ
Ҷȵһ֣û˷Ȼת̫ҳǣͻ½̫ҳǣǿѡµ֮ȻѡҲԣֻؽ½һ½
˲֮󣬴󲿷˶̫ҳǷȥΪǸ̫ܵҳʮҪУ绢
Ȼвټ壬׳ŵҪפ̫ҳǣΪ⣬Ǽֱ˩ڿϣ˭֪ҶȵʹӦ˷ܲѣʵǼһˣ˶Ҫ̫ҳǣ¸󡰸ĸϸ룬λĽ׺һֱĬ
ڶϽɽһλǿߣȴǰҶҲǿѣһһӦ˲ιٵ̫ҳǡ


212 
̫ҳǵصǬߵģ̫¯ԴԴϵںϣ̫ҳǣ̫ҳڼǧգڸ֮Уڷѱ䡣
ڴҸԴԴפ̫ҳǣ̫ҳѾΪʵ½һʥأҲδﵽָ߶ȣ
߳һ˰źúҶȱǱǬߵģ׼ݴ½Դ㾧Դ˹̴ڵߵҶΪһ壬κϢܲ
棬ϧ㾳̫ͣ޷㾧񣬷ѳΪһɣУ
˵Ǹϧеӵڻңĺϧ֪汾ںδˣʮΣգնݳǻᷢһڱҪԸ᰷ڣ
ڵعգܼž̫¯ɶȴϢںһҶΣ̫ѾָγֿΨһһ㣬ˣ˭뵽ȴһ
㾧񣡡
һץһһߴӨƴһĨɫ㾧ҶУʱعڸ㾧ƺƿ
ݴ½ľڣδ½Դںϣһҵʵֻ٣
ҶȵһЦͫ˸ЩĪ⻷ʩչ̫⣬㾧һɲǣһ½ԴͬԴϢӺ㾧ڲ̫⾻£׷׻Ϊ̫Ҷ塣
ٿ
ҶȾգպ㾧ں֮ʱմ½Դʱ̣һӰͻأشվٶ֮죬Ѹײڶ֮ƳҶǰءʥĺ㾧ϯӰ֮УȻһӰ
úãʱ
ҶͻȻۣһ̶̬մһץһֻ˶ȼƴƿն˲Ӱкɱ
䡭
ȼյĶ֣͸ޱǿᣬ˲ӰѸһץѹӰˣһ߽գǱڰ㾧ߣȻλ߳ͨеĽߡ
ҵʱû뵽Ҵҵ⣡ҶȺվתߣһŤǱޣ
ĽɭɭЦСӣʲôʸӵк㾧񣬺ߣ᰷ڿ׼棬õ㾧ϷѲ᰷ڶ֣һֱ֣⣬˭֪汦С
ΪǱŷ֮УҾͲֶ֪ΣжñΣ̫߳ҳǣұϤϸϸһ룬֪ǱǸϢ㣡
Ҷȳأеĵ½ɾǿ֮٣ͻȻðһĽǿߣ̫ҳǽƾһ㣬ʮֿɣǿߣ˭һȣΣһͼı죡
еӣ̫߹ԼϷͿɶΪӵɶסʵеֶΣҲ򵥣Ϸվͻ׽㣡ߣͻȻϢ÷纣ХϯعǬߵΪ֮һ𣬶ͻȻһȦɫԭҶС
򣡡
һ䣬Ҷȸоӹ˺ڰϢȫ̧ͬͷһձԵһִӶɵ򾧱ڣγҲ㾧ڣϢ͸Ÿ£һҶһֱ֮вɢ
ҶĿ棬ͻͻɨ򣬰̾Ľ򣬹Ȼסǿܱȵģȵһ󷨣
Ҫɱ㣬ϷʮаգǽЩãߣϷż·ӣΣߣվһź֮ϣƺӸ¸Ҷȡ
ҪʧΪסң֪򣬻㣬Ϊҵ
Ҷƴ䣬ɲúߣˣȻܽعЩֶΣһߣ̫ҳǶΣգҶʩչǧͼͼݺ㾧񲿷˲һԭʧ
ô£
𾪵ؿŲ˼һĻԼǿ£һСϰȻϢʧӰ٣ǿߣҲӵ
˵Щܵ£ǰһжǿܵģ
ͻȻںգҶһ̤ƿռ䣬Ľʼ𶯣ʥǹȻ̳Ŷ
ߣ
ߣȻܵռ仯˼飬ϾĽǿߣмҶȴ̳Ĺʥǹۼȫγһ䱦Ҷѹ
䡭
ʥǹ䱦Ѹײһ𣬿ռ򾧱ھȻѷ죬ʥǹ䱦ͬʱΪޣȴʱݡ
ܣɶأôӵпҵʵ
ߣ̺ԼȫһȻҶȲ£ú»ߣСӣϷʱڰж㣡
˵꣬߾ȻҪߣ֪ΪΣҶǸһҵƣȻĻоȻʼȡգһռͨͨӵعߡ
Ѿˣգ
Ҷ˲ͷ׼õֶΣݺ㾧ǿֱֲӺߵͨһץ̫Ķ֣֮ƣӰ١
㣿
ջȫͷţһɽɫ֮֡
ýһ
ݡ
ХһҶͻȻʧں߷ֲʱͻȻҶ֣ݺ㾧һƻкߣع֮ضҶȲ߻ᣬָһץժȡ˺ͷ­
һƣָһץݺ㾧Ҷ׾նɱĽ׺ߡ
٣ˣ֪ñֶΣɱ˶ʿסȻɼĶֻҪ߼ʮֺã˳֣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȱѺߴó˸飬бȫȡѽĽ׽𵤣ѾʼΣͽɣʵ̬ǿߣӵе̥˽𵤣㲻
ǰӵնɱɵͽǿߣȴٵõ𵤣ǽ䣬ͻʧλߣ𵤾Ȼ޵һ˿̥Ϣڶʱʧ
͵˳ɼĶֻҪʵá
عҶȿʼѺ߽𵤴뵤գȻʼһһͬʱǬߵ룬һнչʮ˳
ФԬڡ峾˻ָʵҶ̸ӦûʸɴԬڡ峾뿪ФһˣҶȼĳ뿪عص
ˣģһص᰷ڣ߲ɣǲֶΣʮϵӣֻʣһ˻ȥ
֮УФҶȹ˵
⵹޷λٿʱ飬һһ᰷ΪУϲߣ²ߣðһˣģһ㣡ҶʮФһص᰷ڣҪٶǿʣ̫ҳǲŸոսҶȱû᰷ΪеʱȻлʸɡФԬڡ峾ɰ᰷֣ڻǲ
Ф¾Ϊ˻Ҫ㣬᰷ϣ֮ͨܣҲвٹϵаǻɣ£ϼӦû⣡
ţФҲ֪ҸµԪӡжôͨɸ߽ףһԪӡҲǻԪӡԼ㣬ֻҪúΪҰ£һһĨȥӡȥɣƵĵ
¸ǣ
ФɫѿΪ˼ҶФԬڡ峾ˣ᰷ݴ½߸ϣ˭ԸΪ⼸˵ڱչػָʵʵ˰ʵ취ƽԪӡ
˭֪˷Ѿһа취죬ңԪӡʱһΰʥԪӡ֮б̼ҪȡԪʹ˫ץͷ˺ƤһڵϴǸ߸ϵɾͷ޷Ҷΰֹֻͣûʹ
£ФԬڡ峾أҪҶȣ޵ý־磬˭۰ͰͿһи֮
½£ֻжһ磬翹ˣɱ׼һʵۣ£½
عҶͫһĨɱ⣬½


213 Σ
Լ½΢΢ǽͻȻڰʳǳϿգȻһѪͷǰһŵöɥȻǰʵͷ
ʵۣȻնףڻʳϷһʱ䣬ʳǴңңʹųԭʹˣ׹ݣūȫһҹ֮ȥЩ˺òʹ࣬ƺ˯н
ͬʱҶɱʳǣԼܱ߼ǣ֮죬ҶҾͳ׹¶ǣǧ²ʿ
ǧһϦ֮䣬ǧָ꣬һӼ䣬δ˭ǵи׼ҡ
Ҷʮִ½ϲ䣬󲿷ֶѹ齵ȴһЩ䷴֮䣬ȫ𣬶½ȫҶƿأ²ʼ½ǳأ̫ҳΪģķ½һ١
̫ҳǣع
ʸɡҶȷĴǿߣǬߵ룬󣬶Ҷȱݺ㾧̫֮£ССһ½ѾҪҶ
ʸɡȻͻƣʸͻĽףɢ̫ŽܣͶժŪ£˻족Ȼȴֻʩչ䲿ֻ޵ͨ쾳߾磬ܷӡ˻족ѡ
ʥﵡõ֮ƮԣѾͻף롰ʥﵡ֮ںϵʮʸɣ᰷ФԬڡ峾ĴɣڿҶߵһ֣ʵѾԽˣҶҲ޷ȡ
ФԬȻҲףҶУȷʵѵõİ֣ףФԬڡ峾˸ɿģʸǣԲŸصˣѹФˣ½
Ǭߵι̣ǵõݺ㾧ӳ֣Ǭߵݴ½ԴΪãǬߵѾݴ½ԴϢãǬߵͻ½ȫںϣ½ںϣɸ߽ףҲܺܡ
ݴ½󣬲ȴϡ٣㾧ںϣȻûͻƾ磬ʵҲΪжɫӴҿݴ½ԴֻҪݴ½κҲסң
ͻɾ˵ʱ½ںϣѪ½Ѵ½Ϊһ֣֮½Ҿң½ݴ½
㾧ҶںϣҶ֮ɢĿҶȸܵͬԴϢܲϼӳԪ֮ϡ
̫ҳǶ˵ޱҪú㾧ΪǬߵۣ̫ҳǣ
˼ãҶȾݺ㾧ڵعӳǬߵҲ½㾧ںϣҶ½ںϣЧһ

ͻȻΪԴһźɫ棬Ȼֻ̬һǿ᲻ڷɷɫ潥ɻգ߾ȻΪһ壬Ը߼λɻ
ɻȼգعڣûʸɡˣһ±ɻɻ𣬿ɲǷܿȻɻʮֱһ֮ɻͻ𽥽ӵԡ
Ҷһɨŷڽ𵤡ڽЦɻںϣͻɶףڹϣѵõϲѶ
ţ
ҶȣȻüͷһ壬Ϸ½᰷ڹȻФģӳһǿ־ФڣФҵԪӡ̺̫⣬κԸӦ
᰷޵ǿʵ֮˺Ƥ̫С᰷ڣԷѲףФ־ͨФҵҵλãĿĻǺ㾧񣡡
᰷ڲܻŹңҪϵõ㾧񣬸ӲŹһҵļˡ
ֻһսֻһ·ֻôǧͼѼˡѴߣ½ȴҪ᰷Сһ½û˾ûˣʲô᰷ҲҪΪ˸شۣ
ջФѾ᰷ǿ߶ϣʵ޷ı䣬ҶվĿһɨʸɡֹͣһʱҶߣҶһɱĵФûƭ᰷ڣ᰷ڻ֣磬Ϊǿ
ʸ侲οҪЩ᰷ɸ߽ǿ߲٣һͨ쾳һͨ쾳죬һ˲ɱǣ
ɷģͨ쾳ͷ٣ҲԴҰȫ뿪᰷õ㾧ȻԸңлһƣͨ쾳Ҳһκεң
ԼȵĵĻʸɡҶȴʮ㣬ҶƣһţǴǧͼͼ飬Ӯܿ԰ɣڶƣǡ桱µ־ͶӰ
жǿᣬҶۼȻĿǰΪֹҶҲδʶͨ쾳ͷֶΣҶУͨ쾳ǿߣˣʱԳ޿ռˣһ֮棬֪ʵжôֲҶȱƵһҶȲϧҪ
ܰװ׵˷ѣͨ쾳ҶҪúãȻҶĿ¶⣺Ȼһ޷գðնһѣߣزΪۻȻһҪǾͱĺ
ˣǷк÷ӣоҶϢı䣬·Ҷ߲ãҲ飬ѿҶȲʵɲ⣬ǸĻˡ
ʲôӣȻ޷ؾƣҪ޶ȸȥ޻أߣȥţ
عһ䳤ڣһ˲ˣɻ
ŷգ಼Ҷ˱޾֮ϡ
Īǡ
Ƭ̣ʸɺȻγѣѵһ᰷ڸȫ޵֮У
Ѿµһ롭
Ҷû뵽ʸ뵽һ㣬ǳң޵˵Ĳ޵ֻסɾǿߣ޷ڶʱɱǣһ᰷ɳͨ쾳ǿߣ˵ԿһͨǾȳͷʲôҲûı䡣
뿴½·Ǻ޵򣬶޵ûݴ½޴󣬶ں޵·Ǹа񡢵ͼռ䣬˵Ѿаħռ죬ˣȥͼռ䣬Ҳ·һҶ˫ͫŷ⣬̿͸Ҳ㣬͸½㣬һƬߵĺڰ棬۵ס
Īǣ
ʸ꣬¾Ҷ⣬Ҷú޵Ϊ壬Ƚǿߣͨ޵򣬰˴޾Ԩһаħλ棬ˣҲһȥ޻ڡ
Ҫһ㣬˵Ĵڣͨ쾳ǿߣҲ޵ͼʱգȴ޷ӵͼʱգҪǿͨ쾳ǿߣ޵£޷ټ³ҶȲɾĽǿʵȴҲ޷ֱӴʱ
ݴ½ͼʱգ̫Զɾǿ߸޷ͻݴ½ռֻͨ쾳ԣ統죬ǿ˺ħλ澧ڿռ䣬ʱɰҪҲʮѡ
ħ߿ռ޵ͬͼλ棬ǵ죬µԽħλӵͼʱգͲܣΪûǸʵһǿ½ֻбʱռѹ
ħ߿ռ޵ҶҪ·ʱգڳУûʵԻʸɡ𾪡
ͻףһνҶȻҪøԶʱѸֲܵʱȼգ˵ˣһҲҪʮֵĵˣһɹĻ
ɹҶȱ˭ʱ޷ǿŲԶʱգͷǿΧɱ
ģǴûаյ£ȻҪҾаգһеŲƽ޵׵ʱ֮Уȥ޻أ
޵ѱӡӡܸܵͨӡȴͨͨ󣬵Ϲ
֮䣬ڷ֮Уһ޹ĻҶȴʸɡк޵һ˽ӡ֮С
ФȲҪ̫ҳǣֱţѾ᰷ڸּأҪ˵ǣҶͨФ
ȻƬ֮ҶȾ͸ܵФɶ޾󣬸ı䷽򣬳½Ϸñܴﵽš
ˡ
ջҶȻۣͫһɱ᰷ڽսҵݣ϶᰷ͨڴˣʱˡ¹ǡʵڿ϶ή½ǲŹңҲŹǣ
ɻԣԪ֮ɻĪȻɱݴ½ٷȥ
ˣӡʮִѾͨͨ
ʱһƬڵգһУ֮У͸ޱаħʸɡҶվϷ
Ҳһɼʹ󡭡
ʯʮʯ˿ʼ󷨣Ϊ˶ԸǿУҶȲһУҪõأ޻ء


214 ߳
½Ϸԭص׵֮һݳǡ
аǣ۰а֮ѵ繩ɣϢаɢ
ݳǣֻˡ
ڵصռ䣬аڵգҶһ̤ռ䣬·ݳǣԭ⿧ݳ塮ݿǡһӵԵıΪһǳأв֪󷨣ϴɷ٣ûд󷨣ջ治뿪
Ȼݳһô󣬲һʿ䱦ҾͰŲߣоϢڿݳǿߣһ׼һλǿߡ
һɨѵ¹һ㶴ݳдħϢãħǶ˵ǴҩݳǴӽտʼҪʧˣ
ҶתΪһ裬˲ħ߿ռڣ˿̣ػʿ٣ҶаһЦϢһѹħ߿ռͨǿʥ֣ŵʿĴӴܣͨʼ飬޴ճ硣
һǿͨ£
һݳǿʿҶͨ٣ҶӰʱʱޣ֪ͨڸ֡
ܿ죬ݳڴɸ߽ǿߣȺӿֱͨȥǧɣһɡ
áݳǣһбﶼҵģ
৵һҶȳڿݳϿգ·ʿ־ŵ¹ɱ˭ҶҶȻһȦ棬˫һ֣ܿݳڴʿֱӰݳסʼ

ܺãҪĿŵ¶Ŀ꣬ɡ˵ǿĿ⣬÷ͳͳյˣٰ˴
½ŷʱ֮Уһߴī̴ͭıں޵ͨϷպ޵ϼӳֱñ󣬶Խ͸ʵϢ
ԴʵǡҶɼʸɡһͬ⸱ֱ֮ͨ͸žϢ
ǿߣֲõġжǿᣬҶȶʵѹסĽǿߣͻףʵּϻʸĽΪѹϲ⡣
̺ǿմ޵аҶú޵ɣҶӵݺ㾧Ҫ޵һҲѴҪ˾޴ʵھˡ
棬ҲŰѺ޵СͨںϣܵѺ޵ʹãûʵֻɸ߽ǿ߲Ҷǧͼͼ飬̫⣬ǰλռǣ߿һаħڰǡ
£֮ܵͨ
һҶһѷڵ¹һһ۵ף÷ȥƻ¹ǣ㿴ֻҶȻȥɱѣҶȵնɱɷɱĴѰҶȣҶȾƫƫҪΣ֮أѪϴǣĿģĿ⣬󣬳ɹɵǿš
һмƻܳɹҶԶһǼƻԶ޵ģ¶ڲͣ仯мƻǰ£ԲӦϲߡ
߰˰ˣʮտסǿߣ߽ɣЩΣգ
ۣҶʸɡΧΣҶͫɢ⣬һΣ̼ŷϿգ֮С
ʱϷһǿӰǴ᰷ڻعФ󣬸Ų᰷ǿߣǧȴûɾǿߣҶĿһФһǧ᰷ڵϿգһ֣һǧȫ
ˣΪΣһǧʧФʮ֣̿ǰգҶȡ
Ѿö᰷ڣ᰷̤һ̣ͱ᰷ڸֻɣ֮ǰ֮У˴һǿ־ΪľǼ㣬ڿʼ𶯣ȰǷ־Ĩɱɾ
ڿռҶȣȻԼӿռ֣һ˲䣬ҶȾȫ¶ڰ᰷ڸ֮У᰷ڿòҶȿɲԼȫ¶˲Ϣ֮䣬һȼյ⣬ͻȻФ塣
㡭㣡
ʥ֮£Фڣǵ־ͻأǸǱͷ𺳣ߣһɵĽ˲ͷ£ǿ־飬粣һ鿪ãء
ǿߡֻһ־Ȼȫ
նɱ־Ҷͷð亹һа߽ɹȻͽ޴󡭡
Фð麹ˣһ̫ϳ϶µ־¿ɺã᰷ڣֱ¶½֮أ
ģһлڼƻ֮УϿ̫ҳǣԬڵػҵļˣʵڲУһŲƳݴ½ͨ쾳ǿߣҲ׷٣ҶӰһʧ
½ƾŲƣ
ФԼˣֱͨŲƳݴ½ɾǿģ˵еͨ쾳ǿߣпܣͨ쾳ǿߣҲƾŲƣǿֶΡ
ƾŲȡժȡյľ޴ͨ
һȥһģФҶȻ̫ҳˣФԬڡ峾ˣһѣФһ룬̳̫ҳǷȥ
½ᰳǣ᰷Ҫƿسǳ֮һ
ᰳͷӿ֯ĽֵϣĴǲڶ̷ߺɫɫУһλơ֬ĳ꣬ƮݴȺԶÿһȻǰԶֱǴ˵еġ߳ɴ硱
ᰳǻǺͼǧһûһ仯ҡҲû˿ѱ䣬ȥ᰷ںʱһ
һɷǵ꣬ûע⵽߹ֵϺޱ飬͸ĮĿ⡣
ӣҵˣ
һλˣҲͬ˺мææڰǰԶ;ŴӣŵݣһˣҲţ
ɱһ᣺ߣûбԺΪӣڻȥţ֪˿ЦλҪȥһѩ׹ϵ
ԪҲûͨôӣԪһ۸ڶظű֤һԺҲôԲ˵ǵſЦɣ˴һݹ카ǵ
Ԫһƨ˴ӶԺҲûˡţ
˵ͷʱͻȻ̧ͷһƬռ䶼ڲƺһɰϢںɿռ䣬֮ǿߣǷǳ֮ࡣ
·ȥ
һ䣬˲ʧԭأȻת䣬˳׸߿գĿ΢΢һɨΪ֮һ𣬶ʱֻǰʮλɸ߷ǿռ䡣
ţ
ɶȿռʮλǿߣ׷᰷ڳϵӣǼռ䷢䣬ͻȻּ꣬Щʮʩ
һ֣ʵôڣĪ·
ãѰҺܾõĺ㾧Ѿ֣ȴ˶ãɱڲٵӣȥ½׽ôˣң˻׽֮ˣһλ߹
Ҫ׷ɱˣüͷ壬ƺЩ飬ȫ֪飬һͷˮ
ԱǸ߽һӣ˵ǰã˹ȻʥݳնɱһλԱķ׷ɱ
ȤȤ
һʮ־Цп£ݴ½ν裬âˣ˭ҵû˸ҵˣǣȤȻ˸ҵˣһر֮ˣһŹˣϻк㾧᰷ڵģ˵õһͬǰ
룬
ʮǿߣס׻߽ף԰¡ޱȣΪλ᰷꣬ȡӡ춯᰷ڣ˶ȻֻףλЩ߽ɾͷҲõͷ
ৡһȺɾͷ½ƶȥ
¹ǣݳǡ
ʱʱ䶼ڻ֮У֪жʿڿֲ£Ǿ޴ݳǾȻˣʣ¿տ档
ɶҶȡɣһŹ㣡
һǿал棬ͬʱ²ֹˣںڰգλаڵǿߣŭɶɺݺ˵Һûһ˿ƿأҶȣοߣ
һλ͸аħϢߣа͸أ˴ֶΣλֵϣ
ڹϢ飬ٲҵĸ󻼣Ѿ֪ͨˣ黯˹ߣ
ɴߣʱ档


215 ܵ
ƺŷǷ籩ģΧǺХںХ˿̣λ¹ԶȻƺһƾһȺͷƵǿߣѹѹƿն
ȺˣһС꿡ܣһݴ½ĹӣɢϢȣǵ̸ֱֻЦ£̸Ц֮һ𳤿ա
ڿǶʮλһµߣкٲˣЩ߿ȥɷǣһޣǰЩܣȺҪ͵࣬ʮˣɾǿߣΪߣȺµһλߣﵽͬڵľ磬Ϊס
ʥݳ˹֮һԾҲڿ֮С
ԾУͷǰλͷʮ£磬գƺ죬ΧǿߣΪģȺµǿߣҲʮȺǿߡ
˸º֡͡͡ԾȻ붯һԸҶСӣ͸аգ
ˣʮλǿ߼۶Цѣ˵ҶȻǵɾ磬նɱ־ͶӰɲʵݳǣնɱڿݳߣ׾ߡ
ͼƻãԸҶСӣףβʵڶԸֺɿȺµǿߣĿΪλѮϣааЦʵھȻһ̫ϳϣ΢ǵˡ΢ǵ˴˲öԸֲ̫
ǹȺˣΪɴ𣡡
ʮλǿ߽գǰλǿߣ˹֮һԾǰλǿԹ˵ҶʥݳǶɱɵ˼ʱ֪ͨңŪҶȻϢ
Ⱥ˲ˣļһ
֮һī˵ߵǲм
һλӦִ磬в֪¹ߣͶǣţܵأ
ɣͣ
ī΢΢һ㶣Ƴһ۰ˣƺ֪飬ʮĵʲôҲҪͽ¹ǡʲôʱ쳶Ϲϵ
͵Ͳȷ£ԾۼɳʾǰãǼߣȥǡ
īꡮ֡̾⵹һ׮ôҲͨ쾳ǿߣǡɽʹߣ߸ϣҪһͳ̩λдСȻͶ죬ҳϵȷ̩λǿߣɽʲô
˭ɽϽ紫˵еĴڣ̩λᲢ۵ģִ磬һݴ½˸ǣһҪ׽ǸҶȵСӣʥݳ꣬ҪֶΣĿһᣬɱĵ
ߣͶ죬Ժݴ½ǲС¹ǣϾе죬ȻѶԸ£
ƺֶ֪ΣΪ˸ҪΪ˿ǣΪˣѾɣһĸˡ
֣֡λֵܣ
ɴߣǰһһʩڳɾǿߣ˴֮䶼ʮϤû˿İ
ºޱ飬ɪĮֱʵ֣Сںδ
ɲҵºֿ˸ףΪҪһף֣׷٣Ų³ӦڱһΪ½ĺ
½δ˵ޣ֮࣬Ȼһ˱ǣ춯ֲ䣬Ҫʲô˵ºΪȻǰǸϹЩߣ񣬹Ǹ죬ǾͲһˣҲȥ¹ǡ
λԵȼ죬ʩչ׷󷨣
˵תһץһа÷̳գȻȥʱ̳˸⡣
һʱ䣬ֻɢ򱱷
½Ϸɽŵء
ৡ
᰷ʮλǿߣڸ䣬纣ȿռ䣬½ǿƣѱ޴ٺ𶯺Хĺ½ĺ½ܵɷ֮
ФϢƬʱܸо㾧Ϣ
Ϊλߣ߽ףһͷ᰷춯ԣһ֣ʱճһرȻۣ˿ӿʱŷʲôǣ
춯һΪͨأȻΪͣһͨȴ֮ϣĿ⣬ɨգ㾧ʱ֮вٱڳϵϢгϣô£
λǰһһɱƻҪ£к½һɣΪţ棬һܴĺ㾧ϴαɳʮλɳϣФԬΪףֻФһ˻һͶˣܵͬϢӦþԬڵȾλϵϢ
Ԭˡ
ߡС˵꣬춯Ǿ㵣ԬΪ᰷ڣϾҪ̫ϵӣԬڱ춯ʱ仹ҪԬǰ춯᰷ص춯񻹲ܳԽԬڣԣէȻԬ䣬춯ʮ⣬𾪡
ɾǿߣĸɣ޼֮ףһɺĴڣһɣҪһλǿߣ겻˵Ҫʯ͸ַ䱦ɣһǿ䣬һɴ޴
ֲø״ˣҪɽϣгϲҪѩܣҪú㾧Ϊڹ춯ܿؿе
ʩ񣺡ϷǲṼڴģһССţϷԶ𡣡
춯תգڣţڵһ⣬Ҫǵӡƣ޷ڲռ䣬ϣʼɣ
ǣ
̫ϳϷУ̴һӣһǿɽǰ̸䣬˶ʱգʧؿռ֮ڡ
᰷οǶ˸̫ϳϣУԼʮλϵӣ᰷ȵĶӣ춯ҲԽ٣ãն٣
ռҶЦȻתʸɡǿ̫ҳǣʱ׼ţһֲסֻܽһ壡
ˣأʸɡƬҲ֪Ƶ˻üͷаɡ
ФԬڵˣһǲġ
Ŀ뿪ҶʱճֵӰǷӱع飬նҶһ̣ѷڡ
ãݳ䱦ѳɼɽɵ̵òٺôڣݳǶͳͳң
죬ˡʵڵǿ߾ͻή٣ڴ֮ǰһҪס᰷ڹ
ںϣҶȴ˿վ޾֮У󷨣Сԭͨں޵ͨϽɣҶȹ£գʼ㾧һɹɺ㾧Ϣͷš
Ҷ쳣ѹ֣쳣ѪսԴͻɾҶȻûȫһսʮ᰷ɾͷʵҶѪڣѹֵô
ݴ½֮£޿ռͻɾֽҶȶδȫһսȻ֪ԼնɱĽǿߣȴûǿ߽֣ɾɾһɾǿߣ޵ý𵤣ӵвͨһЩͽǿߣҲͷŸ߽ʵϲаִ⡣
󷨣ȷء
ռ֮⣬᰷֣γΰ˶󷨰Χǿߣģظ󷨴ڡ
һ˵ռںϵʮ͸ɾϢˣһҶȣ˵ҲС
ϢǿҪСģԬڡФ˸ͷҿɲͬ·
ǾʩչӡȰѿռסȡռ֮գ÷ӡסˣʱӸܣ
һλǿ޴ˣΪ׵ףÿˣϢѰ᰷ڳеľӢǿߡ
ӡᣡ
ǿߣգһָʱʼʸڿռ֮ϣ˫֣һɹаǺ޵
ԭú޵󷨣ϴԬڵˣԵ֮У󷨳۷һ˵ȫ޿ռ䣬Զڵ֮УСģ󷨣໥Ҵ⣬ɫ˭֪󷨲򵥡
ڶˡãһѹ
ҶȻվһץռʱһޱ״ʸɡһͬԭ󷨣ʵûɣһ˸͸󷨱Դ
ɼҶȡʸɡǿֵ£Ǿ춯ء


216 潻
ǾȻȰգȻΧɱҡЦ
һɨǿߣǿͨҶȿЦãǿ߳ߣǣռ޵ͨ϶ΪһռǺ޵򣬺޵պ޵޵һλ棬ˣҲ޷Ѻ޵⡣
ûΣ޵
ҶȻһ̾ڿռǰɸΪ͸գʧڿռʵȫռںϣΪ޵ֻͨҪҶһ̰޵
ռаȫƿأһ̤ռʿǸ߽ɣ³ֻһ

ͻȻһͳ޷赲
ٿȻ֮䣬᰷ǿڻ󷨣ͻȻ󷨻ΪӰ෴һԴ˾ռ֮ڣʧ
ãȻй죡
ŷϿգǬ֮£ʣʮǿߣһһ仯ɫ̺дһʱ׼ͻ󷨣λʦܣûһ˿ΣգϢҡ
ԣұ𼱣ǵ˵ֻ۷ҪǸҶȻСӣˣʲôֶΣ
ʮУֻзС춯ңģȴ쳣𺳣ɾ½Сطǻʵ۰Ĵڣڣڻʵؤ̣ܾ裬ɾģȻܶŭȴûв˼
ȻФ˵ɾʵǵСĵ㣬ʵϾк㾧񣡡ˣͻȻ춯˵
ˣҲ򵥣ˣȴҲΪһֱ춯Ĵ춯Ҫмʶ
춯ͷⷬʮο̩ӣ˵㾧񵹲Сӣһɾ޷ȫںϺ㾧񣬾ǵ죬Ҳδǿ޴㾧ںϣ㾧ʮãǹ꣬ú㾧һ޴ӵͨ쾳Ϊ㾧һҪõ
ֲҪһͬǰǸ߸ϣֳϵߵ̫ԭҲѧص죬ú㾧һ죬Ͷɾϴܡ
᰷̫ϳϣȻκα飬ȴڵģЦ˿̲춯Ŀġ
ˡ̩ӡЦǺǶ춯ˣǧҪ⣬Ƽ˻ǽСˣŶ֣Ⲽ󷨣䵱۷⣬϶·аλ棬ԶС
Ŷ
̩ôһѣ춯һȻɭɭЦֲҪں޵֮ϵ󷨣ԭʹһУѱڸ֣󷨴޵ԶУ˵Ԭڵ˾һСģ˴˼ƣ̩ӣֲڡǡҲʯ
ˣ˵СΪ๤޷֮գ˱ȫȫΪЧ̩ӵͷ
춯һЦ֪ͺãΪū޳ͷ֮գȻҲǵ죬ңҲ㣡
Ҷãһ֮УһҪСйթ棬һ󷨣гᡣתһ˲Ҵ⣬һֱĿ
ǣ
ռ֮磬᰷ǿߣȻһɱԴ룬޷ǣֻգ۹ǾڷϢ䣬аڵ󷨿ռ֮С
˱˴˶һۣƬ׹ңյ紫϶˵λֵܣСģⲼ֮ˣ󷨰ҵȫ޵ҵаϴԬֵ֡֡ˣ˴˼ƣ
ֲˣ֣СС½Կǿߵʿԭ޵򡭡
֪㣬ͲˣֻҪĿռͲ޵򣡡
˱˴˴κϸڣκ©֮һһ˵һÿжӦ֮ߡ
ô챩¶߽ǿߣ춯ǸС̩ӡˣ˲ĽΪڻӡһǿȴΪһˣ
󷨿ռҶȣ⡢һжָƣԭϢ᰷ʿһ޵ȴû뵽ƻô챻Է֪ȫ춯ǸˣҲᱩ¶֮졣
ǷΣ
׼֮ʱϿɸߴͻȻһ͸ޱ֮Ĵţͻأ٣һͷ˲ȥ
Сģ
УΪߵλǿߣȸоͷϿռ춯һٶܣˣ֮ԥһӲżܣλǿΪͣٶӦ٣һһϴУ̹ϣʧ֮С
λʦܡ
һλӳǿߣڰգ̾Ϣֻޱɱȴδκˣֻ
͡
ڴ߬ȭͷŭ֮䣬ͻȻһֻſĴ֣ϿգѸһץʯ䣬@һ£ͷ­ժߣʬҲһ֮ʧ
ʦܣ
Сģˣ
ˣĽסΪӦʵӦƿǿ֮ϣԽʮֹ̼ϵӣ˱ߣһˣնɱԷӰδĽǿŵɫࡣ
ηСϷ
ͻȻλǿߣӰһգ۹ͳǧգһƬգӶȭտҪѡ
䡭
Ƭ̤·ҶʮǱһźڰ𷭣Σǿǿ£òϽ䣬кڰδܵػӰ졣
ˣ˷ʽ
·Ľǿ֮һˣӦ죬Ҷȱһ̣ͻһ齣ҶգὣһսһƿءĽޣ͵سҶҧ

Ľףһͬĸ߼齣Ȼһ֣ҶȾ͸о齣ﵽ˽һزӵգѺۣҶȸоϢ
ɲǼ䣬һУڽһ̣һɸСͻȻסҶ壬Ϊһͱ
һҾ˽֮ϣñ޻ζ˲ͻΪʵ壬Ҷʵʵ
򵥣ֶΣ޵ȫںϣʱú޵
ҶȣǴеɾ磬ɶء
λֳֽǿߣ˼飬˫ͫ㵵ؿҶ߳Ϊ̣Ҷ֮ڣֶⷬͨΣݴ½Ҷȴ˵һɣڵ¹Ѫȷ磬һɣնɱʮسԱݴ½˷
ۼ֤ҶֶΣʱҶȾΪˣɶأ赲Ľǿߣǵ쵱꣬Ҳ˱̬
ĽסʵȻФԬǿ֮£齣֮ںԭ򣬶Ҵ˽뽣ǰǰ¹;У齣ţܵԵĽ⣡
֮УҶ˿Ŀһɨֽλǿߣǿ⣬޴в
Сӣɣ
֮ϣǿͻȻ֪ʲôʱҶڵƬգռ䣬Ȼƿ֮УһˮǷ磬һһú첨ˡ
Ҫô򵥣ƴˣܣпܱնɱԮҶתǿߣȻһɣ˿Էûǿ־ͷһ˿־塣
ˣɱ׾٣ҵȾ޵򣬼ƻѾգڣжԿĽǿʵˣʤȯգ㣬ɣ
һλĽǿߣ֪ʲôʱҶ࣬һڨЦ⣬ƺ׼Ҷȡ
ԣˣ
ְֳ齣ǿߣ˲Ϣ֮ҶҲ࣬ǿߣǺΧ֮ƣҶκλᡣ


217 ս

ְΧ£ҶһĨЦݣһָҪҪûǸ£ɣ
ݡ
һأλֳ齣ǿߣһɫ齣˲仯ΪѪɫָڽɱһĨ̶Ѫ齣̵ղΪŵԷ츲ƳҶȼϯںڰռӿԷָĽ
콣ɱ󣡡
Ľǿ߳Ҷһָָٿر۹ҫǾŵѪ콣תںУסӿѹ֡
ޱ޷
ŵɾ޴תǿߴһüĿҶ֮ռ飬һѷͷޱߺڰ֮ͷŵĽԵֱҪһлǲ඼Ҫ١
˲ͬѰĽǿߡԶԶһǿߣǿߣҲضã
ſռҪ飬ѷĺɫɭ䣬оʱᱻУΧգȫѹò½ҶΪģʼһɱ
ʥǹҫ
һһʮȭͷִʥǹǶɫ˫ʱҪƿնȥ͸ſռ籩Ϣгһеķâ
ৡ
Ҷǿע£ʥǹһ貹⻪ѸײڶֱӳǰǱɵתռ䣬ȥ
ʲô鼶ɼȴûûɼԣ⵽ʲôƽ͸Ų
λǿ֣Զʥǹֱ뽣籩ģҿʼŷ۶ĿâдصܣоȻ̺˶ӣսܣʵǲ˼顣
һй߾ԣͬʱܵ編Լɾǿߣ޹ɼҲֻɾʵܴƷɾ޵ɾֶͨΣǶӷսֻвţ֮УȻҲв˳ɹ
ܵ˵˲ҪǣҪԽ˵ѱ
ʥǹ̺ԽҶȱҶʵ糬ԽΪҹʥǹѾ̫ȻаѪڤΪʥĹʥǹ־ԣΰ־
䣡
Ʈգʥǹƻƺҹһޣֱڰ籩֮УɲǼ䣬󱬷һԾ޹ҫͻȻըתһ̾յľܵʥǹըһ´ƷҫڰĹâ档
ಡ
£Ҷ̲ס˺ɣĽǿ߽֣ǿ־£ҶЩǱǣϢûһ˿
ͣ
ͻȻոסΣҶΧƣȻʼ⵽һһΪӨ㣬͸ѩͷŴ̹ǺҪҶԶѹ
ǿĺһĽǿߣҲ򵥣Ҷ͵תһλĽǿߣѤʥѩɢ˲䣬һʡϢڱ
һɨҶȷֺգȫӡƿֶΣ˲κ򣬶ңһѩȭͷһߴ󣬴ղϳҶ׹䣬ۿΧռҪΪ硣
ûз磬ûκʣգһᶳΪӪ͸ı㣬ʮɴСȻȥںڰռգһԲα򣬾һֺڰе£ģǱȫҶȡ
СӣϷġܰɣ
Ľǿ߻գϽӡһȭͷѩðʧҶȱΧһ̣ȴһ߾޴ѩע򣬼ӳֺռ䣬ҶӰԽģ
ŽһأԽΪۣΪ󣬽֮ȣ
ʱһǻδȫʧͻȻһѪ֮ӷ籩зɳĽǿߣһֿƣӳһӡϢʼûңƣɽ
ǿֶΣĽں˽ȣ¡
ͻͻһɨĽǿ߽ӡƱ仯Уܵۺ纣Ľϼӳϣң̺˸ֽռںϣýۿռ䣬ҪҶȳڿռ֮С
ʦ֣ζΪ촷ۣ
һλʩչĽǿߣǽĽǿǿǿ֣ԺռΪý飬֮ȣʣýںϣɱ
֮ȣҫ
ڣǿ߽ӡϣ˫罣üë棬Ȼչһɻؽ֮ȴӱϿ׹䣬ǿ߻һѹȻûѣǣڲһбʣȻתΪ֮ĺ
ɣҵĺȣ
ʱǿߣǾһ˿ѪֻӶһʱ䣬ѣⲿ죬ȫΪѣôҶҲΪƬһͬʧң֮УѾ̺֮ȣĪַͨҶ־Ѿڽɱ
Ǵͨȷʵû̫ҲӵСǧͼͼ顯ûݺ㾧񡯣ҿ϶ڴ䣬ϧûҵĲҵŬɾͲԣҪ죬д
ݴ½Դӳ޵У
֮Σһ̣Ҷûһ˿ſռǿߣ᰷ʮǿߣȻݺ㾧᰷õı
㾧񡭡
᰷֣Ҷǿ㾧۾ֱˣ᰷һֱռ㾧ƬҪ᰷ڵ֮ǿߣңһ˵õ㾧Ҳӵ벻
Ȼݺ㾧Ƭ֮һƬСȻȲǾ޴㾧񣬵ǱȱڼƬҪ࣡
ռ֮⣬᰷ʮǿУг춯վǰһ޵סһ˸߽Ͼ磬ڿռһб仯˶˿ͫ⣬г¶ĪЦݡ
춯˫ַźɶ糤ϣһõ㾧񣬾ڼǧڰżѱ䣬˵һ߼Ʒ
йڼܶ궼δֻʯͺ㾧һõһ飬Ӧǧڽ
ߣšʵڡšӵЩɣǿӵи߼ŵӣһҲǣʱڵҪԺҲ£
춯Ȼתָһ㣬Ϣޣǿ߷׷׸Ŀ⿴ʱǿ߻δ㾧ض᰷֮
ҶȵʿȻں˺㾧񣬲˼飬Ҫ˴㾧񣬿ҲҪΪʱ䣬ˣʵɶأӵסĽʵȴ㾧Īǣӵоֻ㾧񣬷㾳磬ôʱֻзһעռڱ仯Ŀһʮֻɵض춯
ϸţ
춯ͻȻͷ⣬ף߽ɵΪʮǿᣬԶԶֹ⣬棬κκڰȼ춯ԪǰҶΧһ㣬󲿷Ȼݴ½Դ
ȻѺ㾧ȫںϣú㾧մ½ԴʩչԽǿķ磬˼飬һС㾧񣬾߽ɶ޷ںϣֻе쵱꣬ɰ뾳磬һ㾧ô½Դһ޴ͻɾغƽ٣Ժע⣬Ϊӣ֮⣬δκεͽ㾧񣡡
ҶȡɶأȻ㾧񣬹治ѰĪǣϿ϶о򣬾˼䣬֮⣬ƾ˵㾧񣬾Ҫһ˿ܣ
춯һ룬ʶ̶֪Էе糤ϣ˽ȥҶץס
ǣԫǼˣȥϵӣпλǿߣһĿһò沿ڵ˵ǿ˲ռ䣬ʧ
ˣܰݴ½к㾧ռһ𣬽˵˾½Ϊλ棬ˣСҲС˿˵ݴ½Ϊλ棬Уʿܰһ½Ϊλ棬ô֮Ҳ˸һȣʱˣ̩ӹ춯˵
춯󣬲мЦ˵Ǵȷݴ½Ϊλ棬ѵڶԪڵǣʵ̩λ棬̩λ½˭֪ҰģΪ̩λΪ̩λ֮ˣʵ̫࣬ȵǿȥˣ֮ͨ쾳ǿǿߣҲΪ̩λˣǹ̩λֻһǾǴеġ̩ôǳ룡
ԣô̩
춯ƣ̩ȴڳǿߣ춯Ȼδ쳣֮


218 
򷨲ƣ
ڰռڣǿձ򣬾ȻһʱҪıȫƺۣģһڵĽ⣬һγɽɱ֮ʼҶ
Ҷȼ㾧ô½Դ˲ӡһǿ֮⣬γһѪɫʥɫڣֲʼײڡ

ײһ𣬷֮ĽʩչǿϵѹҶǵڷϵػѹײȻԲλΪԲΣʱҪѹѡ
һѣҶȿ϶Ǳ
Ī⽣ȣں֮󣬱ڳΪĽǿ־ƿصԭ֣Ľе۷ǿߣһǿ߲࣬նɱǿߡ
ǿһ֪ƿصĹȣ϶Ϊһ򣬶Ҷ൱һ޵ǿƿУ֪Ҷжôվ
ɶСӾȻѺ㾧ںϣñԴӳ֮˼̽硭
֮⣬Ľǿ߼һĻ׷׸̾ߣǿȻ޷ҶȣȻҲף֮ҶֿܵҪԭֻһǱǴ½Դ
ԱʵĽǿһսȻɾԽĺ蹵ǰ֮ܰʸɡԬЩǿ߽£ȫǧͼͼ顢㾧ʥȵֶΣʵȴҪǿһҵǱж
ȼѹ£ҶҲܵģԺ㾧ձԴڲҲҪˣҶȱĽ£Ѿĸ
½Դʥǹ϶Ϊһ
һץһɲںڰռ֮ŷڶӿ֣һͬĹʥǹ͸Ŵ½Դ̫ں֮ùʥǹ֮͸ſԿһд½Ϣ
øֶΣմ½ԴñԴںϣҶȡλʦܣȴЩֶΣڲòɱһ֮
Ǭ޼
һֱԹλǿߣһɨҶȴ˷Ĳͬǹʥǹ͸ǿ־ϸλǿߴţ˫ֻ𣬶Ȼ䣬һɿֲιڻǿΧռ䣬һ̾ȻͣͲ
ˣס
֮ڣҶƺ㾧մ½ԴӳڣУǲϵùʥǹǿ󣬲һǿϢҶȶʱ˫ü
ޱߣ
Դ
ͬһʱ䣬Ľǿߣյǿߴ֮󣬾Ȼȫͷŵڽ𵤵˫ֲϽӡһɹɽ֮֮ڣһοʼᣬҿʼѹںϻ⣬Ҷ⾧ѹٴαΡ
˿̣ڱ֮ӿһȻһѺȣ˲ںϣǵһ򡢺ڰռͳͳֹͣΪޱߺڰ᰷ǿߣһ̶ֹŷ֧ռ䣬ռˣƿڰռ䡣

OO@@һҶΧҶһɫ˲䣬ԭȫƿصĿռ£ô½ԴӳֶɵķȻʼѺۣô½Դöɣж᰷̣֪ϣȻ÷飬޷
޷ƣ
֪ȥʱռ䣬ȫ飬ʱҶȾͻһͬѣ䡣
ҶһչͻȻͷŶĿҫɹҫʥǹůǰ磬һʥⱻҶȼӳֽʥǹʥҶϧ̫⡣
ʲô
߼ͬ죬ǰ㾳Ҳûͷŵʥ
û뵽ʥݳǣµĵҶȣȴӵ˲˼ֶΣبѼšȴҪУɱ
᰷֣𾪲ѣܵҶͷ̫ϢʵǲţһɣȻӵ˸߼ǼδΪδŵĿ£˺ôҲǿߣȻǿߣͨ쾳ǿҲʶͨ쾳޵ǿҲûҶ̫ǿء
һ̣ٴͷǿ߸߾˫֣쿪ʮָǿڿռվҡεı򣬴ץȥһֹ̣ռͻȻХ㷭ơ
ƣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʼȫѹҡΣҪһ̣ҶȾ춯صĳХ
ꡭһ̣ѣ
䡭
һ̣ըͷ貹âըһ̣ճһƬ޴Բλ챬ըռ䣬͵ؿȥըռڣı򣬾ӨƬϳ֣ڿռűըâ趯תһһΪҽ
ٿ
ͬһʱ̣һõʥâӱըռϷָ죬ȼյĹԵʥǹһУ̺̫⣬һһʣʵԪأޣ̫
űըռ䣬߹һѣըƬ⡢׷űըʧǿռ䣬Ȼ͵һػΪһԭأʧڿռһʯʧޱǼ֮С
ɶš
һͷŵĽǿߣڱըռʧһ̣͵һ³Ѫ˱ɰףˣҲһǱѣǿߣҲǴӿѪ
ǿ˫ǲ˼飬ָϼһ㣬Ϣָƽ̧ͷոߴһĨĿҫҶȡôˣɶذҿ⣬£Խʮɶضսף̫鿪
ʦ֣Ϣʽնɱʱ
һ͸ĽǿߣסɨҶȣҶϢû֮ǰôǿᣬƺϣ̶ǿߴ
ã
ǿߵͷǿԭ۾־ƣѹôڣ˶ҶȼֱûһģҶǰŷһޣһħ
͡
ǿ߸׼֮ʱͻȻϿգֱһ޵ֻɸߣȴǡðѹ˷Ӧ֮ʱһɳĹʥǹƿն˲Ľǿͷ­

ۿʥǹͷ­һ̣Ȼǿ߾ֵɴ˫ۣһͭɫؾȻǰѹʥǹ͹ǿһȫ͸Ѫʥǹȫ顢Ҳһһϡ

ɫѪҶȣƿ᰷ǿߣȻùʥǹ䲻ƿնɱˣǿߣҲֵΪȫƿأȴû뵽Ȼһ黤ؾסʥǹңʥǹҲؾô飬ҶҲܵǣѪ
ĿһҶͻȻоؾĲһӣǿ̱޾ռ֮Уǿ커ؾҲҶץУȻºоһ
ţ
ոץסؾδüϸһۣüͷѻؾ޽֮УڰռһĪ᰷ڸֽȥ
ٿ
˲䣬һʮͻأĻҶȺգٶ֮죬ҶȷӦǹѾƿնһ
ͣ
ǵƳգɼжôֲٶ֮죬˹ȣҶȸܣֱӴҶأ̳߳˺ۣӺԿҶţһʱѪ䣬ҶҲŵŵҡμվȡ
ǿֶΣ֮ǰ⻤̫谭ǵ˲䱩
Ҷֱ壬ס˿ڣɫѪȻԶΪ˳˿ڽ
ಡ
һ̣ҶΧǧ֮⣬ӰںڰӰ£ӰΪī̳۵ǿߣǷ֣
ˣǿߣÿ˼۷壬һˣӶָ֣⣬һĨɢ
ղų͵ϮҶȵˣǴˡ


219 컯֮
ͨʮ£Ũü罣ƤڣһʵζȻףʵȴΪǿģΪףֱͻ׵Ҫǿһֹίʵ¡
ԫʦ֡ʦܵˡ
ֽٿռ䣬һֱ˰ҶȰΧУһλѮߣλˡ
ԫʦ֡Ϊԫòˣȴ̷᰷֮һҲǺպĸ֣ݴ½Ҳպա
ԫһץ͵ճϢɢһлΪȻԫ綤ˣˣѾ˱ռҲɴ⣬ǰҶȵʿȻߣȴӵвֶΣӲȿҵȣȫɱˣ
Ǻǣ̷᰷ԫȻмڱҳ֣ǿЦС֮
ΧرһӣҶչأһŪǱѪ壬ǳǿͨ£ҲҪ飬˲Ѫ壬ˣǾͲֹƸǱ
ԫĵ䳤Хǿĩҷ첻ˣҶȣʲôϵѺ㾧ϣ
棿
ԫôһʣҶһ㶣᰷ͨǿߵڣΪԼ᰷кιϵȷӵк㾧ҶУ˭뵽ҶŲǳϵ
Ҷϸϸһ룬ȴú㾧ݴ½ԴԴӳִ½Դ̫֮һξõߣҶٶȣֿһֹҶȻԫ֮ϵøɣ֮ݣְɣǿߣҪսޣ
С㲻㾧ǾͱҲԫƺøҶȺȥ΢΢һ֣ҡڣΧĴǿǰһ׼Ҷ֡
ǿߡ
ǹƥһһӦѾУ񣬾ǹʥǹԸһˣҲ죬ʵӵеֶΣĶӲ㣬ֻʩչ컯ȭ
컯ȭδԵʩչһʽȥʥȡǧͼ㾧ЩգҪɱЩˣ
ʲôǵǵһ̣ҶԺѾңȫĳ컯ȭĹȥ
ԫʦ֣ߣҾͲţһɣնɱ֮ɸ֣ǰ׽
ʦʲôƻղ˵ˣƬռĺܣһСģͻԷȦףʱ޵һؼ죿
ʦⷬܶԣФԬڵ˾̫⣬ҿ룬ʵҵȲ˶٣ȴ˸ͷ˵˵ضйթСģͻޱߵ
ԫʦ֣ģ
˿᰷̣֣۲ͣ󣬶ĿԫϣϾ֮УԫλߣʵҲǿģ᰷ڣԫĻأ˭Ҳҷ
ԫһȫһЩ˵ͻȻһɷúɷסƬռ䣬ȷƿ֮ٳֶԸͲÿռˣֶΣ
ԫʦ֣ãһæͷƣԶ̹ƿƬڰռ䣬ٳ֣һʧ
ô£ҿ쿴Ϸ
˻ɷ֮ȴϿաΧһĻĻӰĹĻһĻϵ¸ҹĻ͸һ־־֮Уԫ˾Ȼֳ˯겻աһʱմ֮С
ӳ˯У˾Լӯƣһ˯ꡣ
겻һɿ־ռǿߣϢǿռ䣬Ǻڰǹ˳־塣
գһ˷ŷһƬޣûƤңû˼ʱ㣬ڳ
СġһȭùȻû־
ǿߣҪ۾һ̣ͻȻ磬гһ֮ѹͷ
ʲôǵ𡢲ݡã
һ̣Ҷ컯֮иδͫͻȻһ졢ŵ⣬ޱ飬֮񣺡ػ죬ڰޱߣبţֻأǹˮݣã
Ϣǿ
ԫһָһ֮Ϊ֮һ𣬰ǹɿ־ĻɢǵĻŷ󺣣ôɢ֮Ҳٴ͡
ѹǬޱߣ
ͻȻմҶ֮ţһ֮콵٣ƿռ˲ԫס
ã޵ǿʢϢû뵽ҶȾú㾧Դ˴аҿͻƣֻ·һԫʵû뵽һ䣬û˵ס
һɶʿȻ˲˼̶ȣ˴ޱߵʱ߽ɣҲ޷ʱɾͷֶͨΣͨ쾳ǿ߲е
ңԫΪССһ޷ס˭֪֮˲𺳷֣Ȼڰռ˵ڰռ䣬ڰռ
ԫ֪֮ΪҲܿ˴ռ䣬һĿռƿأԫ޷Ҳ޷κˡ
úɷر𣬲ÿռ֮ƿҵȣԫʵûƲߣһͷ麹Ϊ֮ƣֻúɷΪס
һ̣ԫͻȻۣ˼ؿǹĻͻȻһڣһԫԡĴǿ֮У͸һ˸оζŷ£Եõϴ񣬾õ촫С
ûûˮսᣬǿʼֻءֻء
컯
Ҷ쳤Хÿһ־紴ûУûоûлֻޱߵϣδҶȳԫڿռ䣬͵һȭʱڰռʥĹ֮⡣
ô£
ռ侹Ȼֹˣǵ⣬ǲǹ⣬ʲô
ˡ
ԫˣúɷͻȻڵĺڰռ䣬˲䱻ȡκʣ壬֮ҫ£ͨ͸ޱȣͬʱʥĹâͻȻһٿسƿռ䡣

˲Ĺâ֮У͵ؿȥƬջΪһŹ֮ȭռ䣬Ȼâһɲʧдҽ
ûбըûлֻʥ컯ȭһʽǻûаԵֻϣ

ķݺɷգö䣬Ҷɫ԰ףȴŹɷ΢΢һ֣Ѻɷ봢ץУ벻
ԫøеңȻ˻־㣡
ҶȻգâʧԫȻһǿסԫδ࣬ؼŷûǣɵ޹⣬ڿ˻ƵģƮ
Ҷȡ
ৡߵӰٺڰգڰƺ˲٣ߵӰֱӽٺڰռ䣬·һ󷨣һЧҲûС
ͷߣ춯Уһԫ˲˹еһĨԫȻһɱãԫԪѾòƲȫٵûϼǧָܻʵ
ȰԪ𡭡
춯ĮȻ˵ĿҶϣһɨǵһЦҶȣüһֵò˰ɣ㾧һ
춯᰷׹ĿҺܲˬб£ԼɽǰȡҶȵ춯ûһ˿£о춯ʮֲһΪﵽףס
춯һŷһߣҶȾŷѾƿһУмһЦ㣬ŸһλᣬȻ㲻Ҫͳʧɣ
һеķ֮һʵʣʵֻʩչε춯ǿƣҶѾֻ֪ƴһս
ϣ
һλ˳춯ʩȴһӣ߷ɳһˣͻ׵޵дڡ
𡢲ݡáսᣬǿʼֻءֻء컯޵У
ͻȻ׼Ҷһ֮ʱҶ˫һӣſ죬ڰռ֮ȻֱӴ컯ȭһʽ
ǡʲô
춯ܵںڰռ䣬ȻֻйâȫâĨɱһƵȻȫޣңɹâоǿƣȴޱߵ


220 춯ʵ
սᣬǿʼ
ֻأޱġ
ԴҶȿƮߵףɢˣŷһ֮ˣҪıˣҶӰ죬ȭûжȴʥâ
춯еգΪĿҫֻйâڰʧ޼Թꡢ־
ջ겻
ƬâĿ̫ɢΪʥâۿһжҪŹâʧͻȻ춯ŭʥâΪԭ㣬ԭ֮УԾߵӰԵЩǱ
ǿߣɶؾ磬ʩչ컯ȭҲֻնɱͨǿ߶ѡ
춯дǿ֣߳ҶɢĿ⣬һ麹ҪƵġ
ʩչ컯ȭѾҶȼޣϧ̫ͣɶأҪɶףɸ߽׶նɱڣҶֻɶնɱףһǿߣ춯۷ǿߣȴһ취ҲûС
Ҷʵڲʩչ̫״̬£նɱĽǿߣʩչ̫⣬컯ȭȴնɱףһɶػϣ컯ȭ
ң
ӳȭ춯пȥ£ˣȴ˺ۣλǿߣƤ硢ȫȭ÷飬濴κΣȫ飬ؼԪ񣬼ȫᣬҪΪɢ
ջ겻Ҳ
гϿϵʹ֣ҡҡͷ߽ΪȻסʵ޷š

Ҳţ˻ΪѪˮʲô𵤡ԪһһʧʲôҲû£ҲΪ̡
ù
춯˲к£ʵǿᣬҲֵס춯ͻȻһḬ̃аҶϹȻвɶأɶӵնɱǿʵ˼飬϶Ǹ߼ɼһҪõ죬Ԫ£ҵõǶҪҸ׳Ƴ
컯ȭ춯ʶδ񹦣񹦣ûлûаԵǶԪ񡢶־Ĩɱ컯ȭŷȭոߡ
ҵҲޣҾҪɱһκˣ赲ңҪ
ˣʮǿߣɣ޻أ㻹ΪǵǸɱ𣿡
һ̣ҶͷɢգȻܵӱ½򣬷ʮǿǿߣΪһ׵߽ײȣһ׵Ľǿ࣬٣ҶȾɱ١
ţǡ᰷ھȻʮλǿߣлɰ˽ǿߡɰ˽ף
Ҷʵ⣬᰷ܵһ춯ϸϸһ飬Ȼдǿڳ½Ҳ֪һ춯Щˣ᰷ȣֻǣ᰷ڸӦɡ˵Ϣ˹Ԯ춯ˡ
ˣЩ㹻ҴɱҶȰг˼мʥȣк㾧һ׼һմ½ͬʱƬڰռ䣬Ҳմ½Դ
糤ϣ˵˸ˣҲɳϹԮʰ춯߳һ̩ԭز
֪춯ʵնɱҶ׾٣ͷСģ
ҶȰ춯ԼһҲ⣺춯Ϊҽ֣˵ȥҲЦ
СӡԪƣ
춯һŭڣҲݣĿ¶ɱһӣһץƺƬգҶȣһա
ÿµ
䣬ҶǰգȻշ룬춯ͷžֶΣ˺ѣȻҶȷѹڰգƬƬȴһ޴ƴӡշѹǵض
ףң춯ʵ񣬿߽ף᰷֮ӣȻõһͨգԴһ
춯칥Ҷ֮УǳףԼʩչǿһ컯ȭҲ޷նɱ춯ɶףһǰ㣬ب̫鿪ģţУδҶֿɾնɱס
һǿߣһֻԽնɱסĽǿߣѾڣҲЩžҲһնɱǿߣɾȴӵͨ쾳ʵ
Ҷȣȴɶնɱףδţǵ죬Ҳ޷ȣͬѰɾӵͨ쾳ʵʵڣ죬ҶеĿꡣ
ǰ춯ҶȾȻδкɻ󣬵һ룬ҶɶأϿȥѵԵʩչ컯ȭͨ춯ʱХһ޷ҵĹ
ٿ
ƬƬΪͨӡ̩ɽѹ֮ƣҶգȻѹͷҶȾȻΧջΪһǹ⣬غɿռ谭ת۾ֱŲǧ֮ң
䡫
ҶԭƬռ䣬ƬӡѹɱʱƬռ䷢ұըռ俪ʼһ٣һѣݻ٣ɫռ֮غ֮С
¡Ǹֶ߽Σǲ˼飬߽ȫ˿ռ䷨һιͿ÷򣬻ʣռ䣬Ҫͨ쾳ǿߣһιԻݴ½ô޴ռ䣡
Ƭʧռ䣬Ҷ£Ŀ춯ϣִˣʵǿ󣬶ĻȷʵǲöԸ
Ӳģ׷֣
춯ⲿʮģȴ𺳵£ΪҶôҲӲԼһǣҶȾȻú㾧񣬴ռ䣬ͨ춯ԼҲ޷߽׶ǿߣҲܴ󡢺ɿռ䡣
ǿߣԼڿռڷԾռ䣬ȴǴ½Ż½ĴڣӵеͼʱյΰκɣһԿռ䣬ͻ̱ռ÷飬ֻͨ쾳ǿߣſԶʱԾռ䡣
ҶҶʵǿᣬҪǺ㾧񣬺㾧½ܵ½ų⣬෴ںϣҶú㾧񣬿ν½ˮ
һССʿȻܰѺ㾧ںϵز춯֮࣬һŭڷеǰԼȻûҶȣӹ춯ܻҶȣƿһץ
󡭡
Ҷ춯ڵƽпռ䣬춯ƿһץռ侹ȻƳһ󶴣ڴ쾪װ㾪춯֮һֻ֣ͻȻצУһֻںڰеķޣգռ䣬ҶצҪҶء
գԴһ
ǰľ޴ռ󶴣Ҷľսʵڲ˼飬צԵޱߣֱѿռ䲻һ£ҶְʶǿֶΣ񣬶ӿ󣬲ǸҶȣҪʩչ㾧ƿռ䣬һŲƷߡ
¡
ַҶƬռ䣬ָ͵һץѿռɷĩռΪ֮һһ̺ضҪһ㡣
ʦ֣û뵽һҶȣܰǱƵֵز
Զգ̩ӡеˣ۾·춯һδǴǼʶ춯ֶΣӡۣҶȣȻ춯ͨ£һδߣü˴۾춯ִʧζ
̩Ϊ侲̩Ӳɵͽף֪Ϊ˻ԭ򣬾Ȼû˿飬˫۾Ŀ£ΪˣһҲ˹ע
üҶֶΣǸղŶ̹ϷֱȣҲڣ
ǣǣҵԪܵش񱻳һ㣬ʦȣҵҲ᰷ǿߣһǳ⣬̶Էйʩ
䡭·ջϴըռ߹һѡ
춯ȻǾһͨﲻֲ֪˶֮ͨ
춯ǿֶ£ҶһδǱܣ춯ʩչֶΣҶȣֱʧɥꡣ
죡
֪ǲҶȷȥ춯ŪۻңԼʧȥģȻ˫ָ߸Ȼ͵һ֣˫ͫһ˽ââһռ侹ȻڻζҪһ㡣
һ񣬾ÿռ𶯣ô춯жôֲ
ã춯ˣ
һɨҶȱ㿴ڵĿռ䣬Ȼȫƿأŷ춯ƿصĹȣңһǿᡢնŵĽᡣ


221 뵽
ݡ
ŵĽ⣬񷣬ལռ䣬ֱӴս٣һƬ֮ȣȻΡ
賤磡
춯һָ˲һӡռ仯Ϊһ壬ϯռ䣬ռں۹ȥ춼һöö
ɫʯĴĥɣƣÿһöԼһ߳͸ʯ޻ɳǧ׽֮ȣֱӰҶΧռ˲ס
֮ལ͹Գϳɽ֮ȣȻзָѿռշָƬٴ飬ʹý֮˲Ϊǧ׾޴ڰռ䣬챻֮ȸݻ١
ͨ£񷣬춯ȻǸţֶͨΣѾԽһɾͷ򣡡
ڽ֮ȰΧ֮УҶѾ޷ŲƳȥΪն춯ʩչĽȣֻм򱣻
ͻɾҶȻδʩչڵɾһֱҶȱɱֶΣʵǰ֪ǿٱ
ͻͻͻ
ڻȻɵĽ֮УͻȻ뱬һʥâţһ򻺻չ٣Ϊͭɫֱ״СȻֹͣչģҶ룬½Դ
ߣССܿ⣿
߸ϵ춯ΪҶȻʲôֶΣû뵽򣬼춯Ҳֻ֮սŻʩչ򣬽оطҶȲɶأڳУжǿᡣ

춯Ӷ䣬̼䣬֮ȰΧ򣬿ʼܵƵ÷쵹춯أ͵ڱ춯ȣ⹥ѹغ򣬾Ȼ֮֮羪׺죬Ӻڰռ䴫ֱϿգֱ½
һ̣½ǷˣʿǶޣͻأߵӿ죬񲻰һǿ޾ŭŽ½ÿ䡣
߶ϳ߶ϻꡣ
ǿ־Ȼףǿ߽ǿߣһ֮ս᰷ڣӢ񷣡
־̾磬޵õǳ˻᲻Σգǲȥ󣿡
½̫ҳǣʱǳһгǽȫֹ̫ͣǹ㳡ʸɡվǰФԬڡ峾ˣűҶԶޣȻҶ𡢾Ԫˣ̫ҳǺȫۼڹ㳡һ̣غ̫ҳǰΣȻģҶȣȴġ
Ȼģڳÿһ˶ܸܵ½ɷŭ־ѹ˴Һ̫ҳǬߵ󱣻ɾʿ˶᲻̶ͬˡ
̫ҳ⣬½ķ½ٳǳأͽʿգо겻е˻ֱȥеĸճӤҲ־ѹʧȥͣڴ½ٻԭɭֶ֣Ұڿ񱼣ѰҰ֮
ɾ־̫ǿǱҶʩչĺڰռ󲿷֣춯ǿ־ɱ½󲿷ַˡʿ֪Ҫ˶ˡ
Ǹ߽־½һ֮䣬ȫɱ𣬸ʤߣֱӻһһ£һжزΪۻǿߵ־ԡ
֣ģ׼һУ˻δʩչǾĵȴǣ̫ҳǹ㳡ģʸȴһ𾪡
ˣ̫ҳʮʿ˭֣Щ˶ǱҶȽһҶʧܣôҲˡ
ǡ
½ϷϿգԿº֡͡ԾԼʮλʵǿһʮˣͻȻͣסÿ˱䣬ǰƯޱߺϵ½һѣʱȻھ𶯣һ־Ȼ½
Ϳ˸ºֵ֣˵־ǿΪҺϤϢӦ᰷ǿߣ
֣µĲˣղţԪѾң᰷ڵӷҶ䣬׽ã
ΪȺ˳Ա죬ºִԷ緶٩٩̸־ȷʵϤҶʶ᰷춯
ߣԭأ֣춯ɲӣһΪ춯أ᰷ڣ춯Ԫϣ˵춯˹ϵҲһ㣡
ºһƳɣͶȥһۣ˸֮һλԺգ춯Ტ۵ģߣ춯ȣСõ᰷ص᰷֮ӣõӵ춯ԣ춯Եǻģǰã춯һͶԺʧˣ֣ƼؼԺѣһ춯ԣ
ͺãҲǵģһ¼춯ҵжҪô죬ȻжϾȻȥҵȺ֮ǣ
һıԶǵģˣЦݿ䣺֣ҶСӹȻ򵥣ϢȻãܸܵ춯֣Ҷȣ
ǿ᣿
º͡ԾˣΪ֮һ𣬲½һɫ䣬Ȼ춯һϢ⣬Ȼ춯ϢȫռƣǹϢ쳣ι̡
ʲô
ͻȻһ⻪½һɸ߼ϢԶŵȻ춯־֮ϣ˿ǵ¶̰Ŀ⡣
ͻعϲԿºֵݺ㾧Ϣ֣ߴˣû뵽һССȻֺ㾧Ƭ
ղһ룬춯ΪǿߣΪζԸһСӣû뵽Ϊ˺㾧Щ᰷꣬ĴõƬ϶Ϊͨ쾳׼λֵܣһҪ׽Ҷȣһɣ֮Ը춯֣ܽȫΪ㾧ԭһõ㾧ϽҵȽԺпܣºĿ棬ƺ͸ʱա

ʱڿºⷽӪ࣬ͻȻһƬǿϢֱƿշԾƼֱǾ춯ء
ɴʧɫ᰷֣Ԯˣø춯϶ǸӦҵȣǷֺ㾧Ϣһ˵õ
λߣ
ڿºһϯ֮£ʮ˺ƺƵǰ½ȥƣֱӲռ䣬½ߡ
ɶ񡭡
½ʱ춯ƿذ罣֮ȣڹҶȹǿ⣬ѹξҪ飬ֱҶάס춯ͻȻʲôĿֱ򣺡Ҷȣ㾹ȻѺ㾧Ϣ͸ȥ˵㵽ʲôı
˱᰷ڣƺ᰷Ҫǿһأõ㾧ҲõݱֱΪú㾧˫һйǽݣ
ͷ춯Ҷȴʮƽͣ˷ú㾧ԴͲúõ֮£Ҷȿ̫Ȼ޷նɱ춯ˣǱֲܣȴʮա
춯ĵСӣ̫磬ʵҪĴ㾧ҪǿΪԴûʸʵ
ҪʧûΪ磬ȴȡ֮֮ߵţٺ´ԣҶ룬ƿ򣬻֮Ƭڰռ䡣
ƣ
춯һζŭ򷢷ƵĻӶһδδ֣ʱ֮һ㣬ϵشըײɾ춯ˣһԴԴ½
ԴһǬ
򱻽֮ȹòζͭһδѷ죬ȴһδѿҶɶʵ춯⵽ֵزǺ㾧ԴԴԴϼӳ֣粣һ顣
ںڰռȻ죬磬ȴӭһײ
Ѿƿش֣λʦܣˡʵǿ٣׼ʣһ̽ʱ
ʮ᰷ǿߣͣŷ֮ϣͷߣλŻ۹ŲߣѮ˾һľƽȴӵ֮ͨܣһΪѴﵽ˿־ĵز
ಣ
ʮ᰷ڳϵӣһһƿնȥΪס߽֮ڣǼλ߽ǿߣÿһλǷֲֿ
µ񣬷һֱδ֣߽±춯ֹ߳һֱδҶȳ֣Ϊڰռʮֹ죬Ҫ򻤷һб䣬ԲӦ䡣


222 
ʵڡ
ڰռڣгջܵ½ȫңʮǿϢ粨Ƶ֮䵴
ˣ˿ºֵϢǹȻ˹УڱնɱҶȣ򡭡
춯ͻȻϢȫޣٱףǶҶڽ֮ȣʮָÿһָ⼤뽣֮ںϣ춯ָһ콣ѿ
ˣڶˣ¹ǰߴߣʮˣһλº֣ʵʮˣһλɰ˽ǿߡ
֮УϹûڱը֮е򣬴˿̿񱩽ɳ̲ͺˣһ˽һˣغȵ˭ۺ񣬵ڣ춯ͻȻĪ⣬һ콣ͻȻ·Ҷȴ󾪣ǿĽֱƲ
˲޵õϽϷ̩𾪳̾е˶ʱ쿴Ž֮·ǹ䡣
ʱ˿̣֮·Ȼѳ״ѷ죬֨֨ѿһǿŷӺڰֱǺӣԴƲ֮ܣѷ첻չѷ֮УѿĽѿ֮ŷն֮κʣҪѿơ
ѿͷǿʢޱȵ󺵶Ļһ֮ڰȻ
κηκģһſ̺仯̺֮󣬾ͻͨĪѿ̺˰ȻѾԽһͨӵв֮⣬֪
Կ֮ϣ춯˫罣͸űֱ㽣һֱ񷣺ҶȣǱӻǧŶϽԴͨ£Ҳҫ
֮֨֨һѿ֮ռ䡣
ݡͳּĽƿƶ춯أسӡ
͡
˵һ͵һ̾ڲҶȣͻȻǰͻһɫѪ˫ͫ⣬ͷһ·񺮱棬βĺƣ뽣֮Ѻ۲ںϡ
Ȼ춯ͨ£ʼһһƣңһƿ뽣֮ںϣһںϣ֮Ⱦͻᱻɣʱ򲻵Ҷȱ෴Ϊ춯ƹȡ
콣춯Ҳҵ򣬺㾧񣬼ӳޱԴ̫¯ȼհɣ
һα콣³һѪڣҶʩչ򣬿Ҳֵס춯ֻͷŸǿĴ½Դֻ̫¯ȼպ㾧ȡԴԴϴ½Դ
֨֨
½һֱѷѾһλãȥϷͭڣ²֣͸⣬콣಻ʱҪ̱Ƶģȥҡҡ׹
СҪ군ˡ
Ϸһλ᰷׵ӣԶԶиܵ콣ڲϲʳʱҪݺᣬ˷
λʦܣ滤ԸԮʦֵѾڽռ;Уɷģ
гͻȻۣǰշŷ𱻶ϳֵЦݣԼλܴǿ˵
ǡǿ׻һһϸ־ϲ飬һλλ֮ߣʵ֮ǿԶǰֱϢ
᰷ڣ̫磬ϣߣɰ˽ǿߣӵк㾧񣬾˽׻ô
ڣҶȻֶһץߴʮɵ̫¯ͻͻƿնƯҶǰҶݺ㾧񣬰̫¯ڣȻ䣬¯ڻϣһ̫ɷڶ̫צҪ˺񷣬ǳ

̫¯ȼһ̣㾧ȫͷǿݴ½ޱ޾Դֱƿն˽֮ȣҲֱ̤գӿ̫¯
ô£
춯һ˺һɫ󾪣˼ͻͻһɨʲô񶦣Ȼֹմ½ԴСôӵֶΣҪδȣһ
һɣ춯չ˫ۣ͵شһֲֿŷҪ˺
֨֨֨
õ춯ӳǽѿͻȻӿٶȣ̫Ŷħſ죬ʳһʣҪ
춯߸ϣߣңҫð޹⣬Ĵ˻תƵҵϣ
ѿ£ҶңȻ˼ЦЦҶҲܣȻоķ򣬵ǹɽڲʳҶ岻ܵش
ʿһ壬ܵƻʿҲ˺ۣҶܳŵڣѾ漣
оʵ̫¯ȼպ㾧ݴ½ӳתΪ̫̫⣬˶ãָܻȫʤʱڣңҲҪٴͻƣĿǰ磬ʵʩչ̫
룬ҶȿȥǱڿ֧ţһжƲϳҶת䣬մ½Դʩչ̫һһĴ̫ϻָؽϢֻɲ޵õĽ𵤣ͷſѹȷѹҶȱϢ
ҶȾɶأʵȴͻɾѹɾ򣬼ֱ׾٣Ϊɷɷ֮ϣ߷ѹƵͽ׷Ȼס
㻹ֶܼã
Ư֮е춯쳤Х򲻶ϳѷ죬ĽѾռϷ磬þҪ״ݻնɱҶȣȻ˲ѣãһڿͷš
Ҫ֪춯ɾĸ߽ǿߣݴ½˭˲֪˭˲ȴһûһ취ȥ϶춯޹⡣
֣һɣαشŭ磬ҵһ֮
ৡ
ۿ춯Ҫ״ݻ˭֪һգͻȻƮһˬЦţһƿնѸײڶ֮ƺ춯ƿصĽ֮֮ϣһ֮͵һ
춯ŵŵ˺󼸲ɢң·ǽ֮ȻʧѿͻأʧֻʣҶȵƯ֮С
ĺñɣɣʵڵĸλѣ
춯סΣƺ֪˭֣ǰƬգüͷһ壬һָȻӰһһ֡
һλ꣬żλͬ۵ʵǿߣȻ˿º֡͵ˣǵ¹ߴߣͷꡮĺ˸ŵ⣬Ӹ߸춯֣ǰòԺ棬û뵽ôٴμ棡
ʵڡȻɳ΢ǵˣ˿ʵڻϣʵڹȻƴֲ֣ĺС˵־
춯һԲɨӽʮǿߣʮˣʶݴ½ǿߣ˴˶棬Ͼɾһˮ룬ֻվɾżϣŻõ𾴣춯ɨһĨмĿʵڶ룬һλѮϣ̿ʩ춯΢ǰ
ؿλߴһ֮
ĺȴЦǺǳ춯֣֣·ˣնɱڵӣ򣬽գǰҪץ˻ȥ˵棬Ҫ챾ŵӢ飡
ҲɱڲٵӣѪ𣬱Ҫ˽⣡춯һˣʮǿߣ治ɫ
ʱ˸ºһ䣬춯֣˳ԱΪ֮һҲΪ˶ҲţΪˣνķοˣ
º֣˵£ҲܣҲܲˣˣɱ᰷ӣѪ𣬱ֻʧһλԱҪصĶɣ춯ɲѵóȥ
ĺͻȻºߣſºһЦ֣Σʵˣ϶Ҫ˵ģ
ҷϵ⣬ⱻ˷ֶᡭڣҶȰϷԻһһ̣ûǿʵֻ׸˰ڲĵҪ棬ֻӵǿܱ֤
죬춯ˡʵ˫ੲۣߵĵô˫ΪһɣҪΪУ
ºֲĵⲻ֮£ǹϵ֣֪ƢϵҲԣαַ
º֣ףʲôʸҽ
춯ͻȻſºһָɭɭޱȣ׳Խܣڴ˿ȫѹƿºơ
֣ĪΪѹ£ºһԪζɫʮѿзŭޱȣ춯ĴڣȻȲ춯˸
֣ռƣĺǰһסº֣Ƹһȣÿºָмѣңĺ⿴ʵӪһλλߣɶס߽춯ǰֵһᡣ
΢֣겻
춯ˡʵˮʱͻȻ춯󣬴һ޳ţѹѹӰ١


223 һսȺ
ף
־춯أº֡͡ĺ˱ѿɫǰա
ԭǻ֣
ʵλ΢ǵ˴ǿ߳ĬĬسչ֣ۣһֱա
ݼ׻
гϵˡ춯ʩ񣬹ޱȡ
ʮǿߣһ̩ɽս٣ͷߣһλīߣ᰷ԮУλΪߣ׻棬᰷ڻϣɰ˽Ϊ޵ǿߣ᰷ڻ֮һʵǿᣬݡ
׻ʵ΢ǵͬΪɰ˽ףɾǿߣټ꣬ݴ½ָĹŶǿߡ
ʱ찡΢֣һμ棬ǧǰ᰷ڻϿ׻濴΢ǵˣ׵
΢ǵɢϡ̫֮Ʋɣʯݣȷǧ꣬Ƿɲ꣬·ţһϢдˣΪС֮£֮ģ
ǧꡭ
֮УҶ֣±ֱò䣬вŶãʮˣԷǧ꣬ϹŶ޵ɾ治ףҶе㲻Ըš
֣ˣ᰷ھȻϣҪӲҿ϶ռ˱ˣʱˣĶԿºִ
ºʮ侲һֱڶȱżϳȷʵСֽҲʲôˣ˵һϣǸϣҲֻ·һ
ƣһ΢ǵҲһ䣬˵ǿߣʱ׻ͻȻΣ춯ǿͣʧ֮꣬ɣ
ǣ춯һ㶣ɻ󲻽⣬뵽׻ݣҲһ˿
׻ת΢ǵʩ΢֣˵Ǻ޵ͨƬռȫ·Ҫôǵı㣡
л֣΢ǵᣬ֪ǿ׻òתĬĬصӪ֮Уŷһλͨˣκβ
º֡͡ĺЩˣ׷׳׻湪ʩ񣺡лǰ
ϣΪΰװװѵֱｻǣ
һ׻ߣ춯ȲԪ׻潻ǳɻһɸò
׻滺ۣŷһʯ˿ԪȴڽҪţϷ֮ǰѾҪʵڡӣʵڱʵۺ񣬲ǱᲢ۵ģΣ죬Ϊ֧֣ˣڻʺϣԺڵٳȥ⵽෽żòʧ
춯ŭֹĵܲܰѰװ׵ֱóȥɣǲöԸ᰷ҲӣȥԺڵڴ½ߣ
ҪľģѾ׼Ѻ㾧ӱߣܣ𣿡
ԭˣҪסˡʵڵ죬ʾ˶᰷֪ѾòȻٰж֣֪ʵڡ֪ǶֽţҲ޷ҽΪڣ
춯üɫһ׿׻⣬Ȼ֪ɾԲװ׷Ź֮ˡʵһ᰷ڶõ˭ҲãӲȻϲߣΪֶ߲Ρ
£ΪԺƣһͳ½ߣһ죬һ죬ݵҵʵ£
춯סɫ·ӿºĺǿߣаһЦΪҶȺ۸ôҾ͵Ƕһ
ɣҵ֣Сӣʵڸλǰ֣
º֡͡ԾʮɭɭɳߣҲ̳·һһȥʮǿߡ
֣̫ˣǶֵܣαؼ⣡ĺ켸λʵڵӣβȥ
֣ãǡƬչʮֹ죬ǿߣҵΪǿڣǸаգºֱһȻϣʵڳ֣Ȼĺˣ̴˶
λҶʵСȻɶΪһΪʮֹ죬СѾѺ㾧ںϣú㾧ÿռ䣬γɶصķռ䣡
˹ߣǰɿʼԼռϣһһˣһ꣬󲿷˶һмҶ˵ͨǷ
ۼһãʮλɾͷɵĶ飬̾ʲôﶼУʵݬ룬ɶ׵ףֻĺһˣǿв٣ƺƵɱҶڵĿռ䡣
Щ˸ʵȺֶ֣֪Σȳ䲻ѿº֡ĺЩ˽ڶԸʵ᰷ڣ
û뵽춯ȻˡʵǿµͷķҲ᰷ڴ·һйŹ֡ڼڵ룬еˣܸκδۣҲҪһ򾡣
һ̣Ҷݺҧ¶ģעһѪսʤƿ̫¯ݴ½Դ̫¯Ϊֱ̫ӱҶյϼӳָ֣ʵ

Ѻۣһ˲䣬Ҷһӡô½޲֮ͭѷ죬Ѹϣڱڿռһ޴ۣɢ־ΰȫɵȼ
նɱǿԽ࣬Խι̣ɣɡº֣ǼֱڻңΪҳ䵱ҩֻԽǿɱңʲô£ҿɣҶһ֣ѷȫϣûϡ̫Ϣ
˵Ȼ٣λҶȻɶأȷʵɾ־ң˼飡
ƺƵǰǿߣͻͻɨ˲ɫ˲䣬֡
ºֳҡҷͷ־һָɽ˶ཿӢۣĵ죬ѩλô˳ɳȥ򣬾һͷЩˣ϶Ҫһһնɱ
ʲôţ͵õһ㾧񣬲λɶ㾧񣬴Ͽ϶ܣ춯δв֮ĺһ߰ϣУΪߣûˣпܣǰ˵ĺ΢ǵҲµܡ
ݴ½вٷ绪޵ĿܣףǴѩδȥ첻˵ǿΪȺۣҲὨˣݴ½ŲĴڡ
ɣˣ
ǧԶʱڰռͻȻҶ֮ˡʵڣ˵ǸҵңҾͰ𡣡
Сӣҵ㣬գҪңƤԽͷ֮ޣɴҶϤ֮ʱñף򷢳һХ
ͻȻһӣ·ҶȣվգмԿº֡ĺɡԾЩǿߣη壬෴صĵɣԵɾնɱ־ͶӰǰãĿݳǣɱߣգԶ
ɶ񣬳ñڣ͵ϮݳǣʲôӢۣƺҶ˵ʹ˫Ѫ죬޲ðҶֱ˺顣
ɣ㻹ԼѶ˸ˣ
ʵ˲һЦƺͲҸطȥ
ڧ
ºֺһƳȳ⣬˲ţºĿ⣬Ҷȣüͷһ壺Ȼ͸ʵ
ҶȵСӣ˵Ҫ򵥣ֲ춯δһΪףʮֹ죬̺޴ܣĺҲһ̾ȴδ˿쳣һλǿߣ͸һɶΪ⴫ȥҪЦҪֳһЦ
ÿСӣ㣡
Уɳһλˣ˸мûҶȷһƬ٣ɱ٣ƶȻƺǰչԼǿϯգŷѹŭһѹ֮ϣͨƣ
䣡
ƬվȻںŷһֻţƿյ̤ѿռһ̤飬ΪճΪӴӡͻͻ¡
ķĶ֣
Ϸ̤ľ޴ӡҶȸܵ΢΢΢΢ǣ˸һץ
䣡
Ǿ޴ӡ˲乥ƣΪƬΪ֮һδհһֻͻأɱ͵һץ˴ʧɫû뵽ԼǿҶ׾ٹƣ෴ԷʩչֶΣ飬һʱ䣬ǿתӡ

ֺɨǿ߽ץסǿߴѪ޷èס󣬳ȣ졢Ⱦң


224 Ⱥ
˭ܾ㣿
մҶ·䣬֮ǿ߱Ķֱƿһ˾ʧǰʧգȻһƬƬֿռƬ
ҪɱңҪɱң
ڣǱƯҶǰģҶĻһ䣬ֱӱ̫¯֮У£ͱܻǽ𵤻ȫΪ̫ӳҶ
ָоһ˲ԽҲã
һ⣬һ̣ҶȾһ̫ޣ븹УͳͳΪҶ˫۱׹⣬ˣɱߣͷܻᱻնɱɣѵ
ɶ񡭡
һ͵ÿҪըȻܵҶƣӺδ棬ðʧ֮ˣû޾̾˵ʲôżʱ䣬Ȼ˿ֲ
ʱɲð麹ķȻĵ׶Ҷȿʼ־
˶ʱһǿߣȻһλɶϣֲһУرɣУҶȲˣǹ̫ħͷôӵ˱̬
Ծ͡º֣ɶףһ˵ɶֿ֡ɲܾôװ׶
ºһҶֶðգǴֵܣһӣȻǲģҶȡӷͬСɣֶʮֹ죬λֹҾͲţҵ֣ɱ
ãҵ֣͵һаħͷλɱĺͷΪ׾ͷ֪֮춯òҶȣȻУͬʵڼ֣ºֵɱ
ЩˣʼЦӣ֪Ҷ˰ɣЩˣҶȣҲҪ˴룡
᰷ⷽʮǿУ춯һһĿס·һһʵû뵽ҶȾȻ˵֣֣ر֮ˣ춯֪º֡ĺжôǿᣬ߽ǿߣҲ˫ȭѵ֡
ʴˣ춯ֱӶҶȲǿºֵ˶֣ȻҶֶΣȴôǿ߶֡
ˣǸҶȵɣ޹쳣˵ãֱɵʲôֶΣת򰡣׹㾧ֵһᣡ
춯ֲ֮ʱ̩ͻȻߣ幰ɾʮȶ춯ϸ˵
춯Ȼ¶ɱƳ̩һۣȴһЦ۹⣬ҲҶȱȺ㾧ҪҪһõ׹ұԽնɱʵһҵõΪҲܶԿɾŽʮף
׻洫ҵҪԲӦ䣬˭ҶȵĲʵڡ˵õҶȣ
ţ춯΢΢ͷԾԾԣжסʵһǿ߾ٶԷʵ᰷ڲ¡
ɱȭ
º֡ĺϣʮλǿߣΧˮйͨº˫ȭһչһȭƳȥ
ħ
޼

ĺ͡ɵһһǿ󹥻㿹ַ߽򣬸Ԫɷħаգһأȫǻ˵ڳˣǸ߸ʵ᰷ǿ߶оĺ
ⲻǶǳɱ¾ƺصԶħսûħֻɱ¾һһѪ䡣
֨֨֨
籩֮Уڰռ䴫˶ͭһγƣǿ߹£»εͣ죬Ѿ͵ƿݽߡ

룬ҶգͻȻһ𣬵һ˷һɷǿߣħһԼצ޲ðԼ˺飬һһ飬һʢ硣
۶ʱʱСҪﵽޣЩ˹춯Ҫǿϲ٣к㾧ӳִ½Դǿ׻桢΢ǵְ˽ǿߣҲһ򣬲ȥҲһͷ֣Уܻң
ɣ
Ҷȴʱϣ˫ֻ߾٣ƺס죬ۺ㾧ʼ͸ޱߺڰռ䡣
СѾǿ֮ĩλӵк㾧һҪõ׸
֮⣬ºֶһȭһȭÿһȭռ֮ܣȫΪѺۣ֪鲻Զһӣƴʩչ
˽ҶȰɡû뵽ⱱһᵮţ
һޡ
֮ϣʵڶʮλǿߣһĻҲʼݣǼλ߽ǿߣǼʶǷʶٳ棬ǣ֮ǿ߾ȻֶԸһɶʿǼδ֮¡
ôǿߣԸһɣ½ʷϴδйһĻЩ߽ǿߣֱľһûնɱҶȣٹʮꡢ꣬ɳֵز
Щǿ߶֪Ҷʵڣ񿴵ⷬƣ֪ҶȲǿЦģһλ߶΢ǵʩ޷ƣԳ֣ˣʵ죬һߣ϶ʵв
ãϷһ᰷ֱڣǾװװѱøˣֶΣڹܲô࣬Ҷȣնɱһ̣΢ǵҲ۷ɱ˽ɱͽɡ
ѹţ
ͻȻڸ֮ʣĺڰռͻȻʼζռ䣬ʮȻһΰǼʣһɹϢռ䣬Ҷӣأ޼ʡ
ţ
ͬһʱ䣬ںڰռ֮ʱǿߣ᰷ڿ׻ʵ΢ǵüգͻд·
䣡
Ȼһǧ׸ߴＸǧ׵ͻͻشӺڰս䣬ŷٵأŷδѹȲ񷣬һռ飬ڰռȫѹռ϶Ϊһſڰռ뱦
찡ʲôʲôֶΣȻܿ޴ռ䣬ǱȻʳƬռ䣡
ĪǣҶͲúһУƬռһ󷨣޵ںϣȻͨҵУѹ
йˣ׷֣ͣ˼鿴ڰռ仯ΪһӰ룬ѾվȣʱҪС
ӣ
ɿνϼ޻ݺݵһҶȣºֵŭһ߳շȥ
˵ĶԣƬռ͹죬ȻҶȫʵڲ˼飬¶ƲߣҪռҵѹߣ
ºֿɲɵӣ͡Ծ˳Աա
ߣĺȴûж󾪿ֱ֣Ӵż˳ʵڷȥ΢ǵˣǿߣڣĺʲôҲ¡
죬˭ҲӲˣ
Ҷȴڰ֮УŤĺڰռ䣬ʼһӡʱմԭӿٶȣ֮ǰʮ
ң
˼ɶסǿߣ˲ͱ֮Уŵ¹ߣҲһһ̱֮С
£ʵֻѹףϷԳ֣նɱ
׻濴Ťռ䣬ǹ߳ͬӰƮҶȣ᰷ǿߣ׻侲Ѿֲס໥ҲҪ
᰷ڳˣʱڴ˵أ
΢ǵͷһֲʵĺʮˣȫס޷κǣ΢ǵ˾ȻΪһ磬ֱӳҶɱȥ
ɶ񣡡
ºռ価ͷȫҪ˺һӣǸУʣ¼λǿߣ͵ˣߣһͬռ䣬ǲУԾ˳ԱѾߡ
һסºָ֣ռ룺֣ס㿴󻤷֣ҶȱɣǲῴҰװȥ֪Ҳֻ·һ
ģû뵽ǾȻҶ˸ͷʵڿɶ񣡡
ºھͷӬûа취޷侲ֻܶҶֺԹ


225 
Ҷȣ㲻ݣ
ŤεУһλ߱ȴûһ취ڱʵڡˡ᰷ڹû˹˵
ԭòҵҶȣһҶȽȫıҶȰɱ
Ǽ֤ҶȳɳˣӼǰڿݳǴ֣նɱ־ͶӰһ̣ɱҶȼУڼռԱҶƿأͨʵҶȲš
׻桢΢ǵˡ
ŤλӰ룬ݴ½Դӳڰռһ̾һˮݱУƼֱҶ㳯ҶȺɨ
ҶĿһ׻桢΢ǵ˾Ȼ˺ʱƣԼݺѹ
Ǳ
׻桢΢ǵֲ£ҲΪӰŤȰ㴩ڰգ΢ǵͻȻָһʱռһ˲žըֱӰҶмƬը÷顣
һɹɳǳ֮˲ˮӾкسҶѹ֮ȫ顣
Ųƣ
Ҷȸо΢ǵҪɢƵģԷֱǲޱߣҶüһӣƿŲƣش΢ǵƤӵ¶ߣ΢ǵһҶΧռѹѹռʯͷ
͡
ͻͻͻҶȻǿֲŲߣ˭΢ǵʵΪһ̺־ֱƿؿռ䣬мѹⳡ棬ѹֱѹڲϣطռ䱬ըҶú㾧пռŲƣ˭΢ǵʵǿٶȾȻҶ֣ҶȱһˣѪ
΢ֶ֣ΣԿռ䷨գԶʤһ׻ҶǱЦúľֱƤЦⲻЦ
΢ǵƯŤռ䣬棺֣ٺȥռ󷨣ϾҪȫ޵ҿɲ﷭
õҶȣߣ׻治ȴͲҶߣ汻΢ǵ˵õ᰷˵òʧ˴ۣν˷۱
ݡ
Ҷȷú㾧ڿռＱٱӣ׾Թ϶磬΢ǵ׻˽Ƭռ䶼ɱҶ֧䣬ֻ֣һΪ˲Ҷȡ
ɶ񡭡û뵽ɰ˽ǿᣬԭֻú㾧˴ޱߵֻ֣жôǧͼͼ
ݣҪɱңҲŹǣˣµɣӵҶȣ֪ôȥȫԼԼΣգ˵ɡºЩ˶ᱻ˾ߡ
ôҶȵͷǰ׷ѹ
ǧͼתƣ
ƶҶΣգĲ˵΢ǵ˿ֲ£ҲˣҶѾԵֻһ·ƴһ
֮У̫¯迪ʼմǧͼͼ̺λ桢ǳռ֮ޱȣҶ̴֮Ťڰռ䣬ʱһ˵ǷƮо
ô£
׻淢ԼȻڱߣ΢ǵҲһ˽ǿֲȻֻʵߣֱţ׻סӰĿͻͻɨҪʧĿռ䣬ϷͷʲôȻ̺׿ռ
΢ǵ͵ҡͷܣͨ쾳ǿߣеͨһɣܺռ䣬׿ռ䣡
ΣߣҪԸͷ΢֣ȸǣ׻ϼ޻ܵƮ졢ΰתͷ¼᰷ֵʮǿӪ
Ŀ⣬ҶСӣֶԽ˵汦ֱϷɰװ׷Ź
΢ǵ˼׻ߣûһ˿෴¶˿˿̰Ŀèץ㶢ҶȣϷͲţ죡

΢ǵ˴ޱȰ߼ٶȣڿռҶȷȥ
׻棬ڲ뵽ߣˣ
ҶͻȻۣһʥâ˫һ֣һӡʱռɽХֱϷǾ޴㼯Ϊһ̫žޣſ죬һС
˲䣬Ľסףգ۾ͱº֡͵˻ܼţѾŵö˻һ㣬ڳ˹иղǰǿƣһȵģ
䡭
һϴųѺڰռϺһУɾһľſռӿʵڡ᰷λǿߣҲ˲䱻룬ס
Ⱦǡ
ʵڽʣλǿߣλ߽ǿ߳Σͷȫͷ麹Ŵˣǣǰװ׿һʵڵӱߣֻʣĺ׻λ߽׸ֱ£Ǳš
ĺͬǿߣһڶ֮ڣͱ壬ֻʣ»뷨о߽ǿߣҪֲסϣ΢ǵϡ
ɶôɶأΪͷɶ񣡡΢ǵĺȣòͣסҶߣתʵڰ˴ǿ߷ȥ

˵Ӷˣֻʣºͣһǿţǣ͸ϯһпռܣ˳ȣ첢ûжǴ֮ţڻǵвͬʱߡ
ʵڡ¹ߣôװױѹ档
ˡ
վͷȻ΢΢𶯣֮Ǳѹǿߣº֡Щھۼȫ
ôҶ᰷ǿߣֻʣʮˣ춯Լλ߽ǿߣͷˣͱ֮У춯׻΢΢
ҵѾ˿ݽ߱Եһ㣬ܰѿ׻桢΢ǵ˵ȫС
ҶӣͷŴǧͼͼȫӳҶݽ߱Եʵڡ᰷ڻмڼ֣ҶһҲĲʣЩ˱ȫնɱûʵ
ֻж־նɱǣٲޱߵͻᱻЩǿߣ󷨣
һ䣬Ҷȱ˾ʱ˫ֶһץֻСڰռʱӿ
ԾСģӣ
׻żǿ߱ߣ˽Ȼ޷ֿ̺ǹɴǧͼֻһۣͷŰ˽ǿ֮ǿק춯еˣſռԵȫһץȻһѷ죬಼׻桢춯˱
׻棬û뵽ĻҵҲߣ
΢ǵ׻һΪð˽װԵؿռ䣬֪ǵвǧͼͼȫĺ̤գһƹȣطɳڰռ䡣
ǧ磬򷨹һλ桭޵ݴ½ռ䣬ƣ
Ҷ͵һհǧͼͼֶ·һŶϿһץߴǧɵʱʵȻس·䣬Ҷſ쳯ͻͼ
ǧͼͼֱӰѺ޵ͨ˺һӣȻǿذ½ռ˺һӣҶȸ߸ƯգĿ⣬һ̫𣬶޾а򣬴һѹȥ
䡭
ʱͻͻһӺ޵½ռѷ죬һ׹䣬˲䣬غ޵򡢰ݴ½ǿߣѡ
ô£˾Ȼǿ˺ռ䣬ôǿ֣߳ݴ½ǵͼλѣ
ðԵĿռ־
һں޵ݴ½ʱǿߣһ̣۾ɨ

ʧں޵ѷһ̣ѷʱϣˮ˲
ɡº֡Ҷ˵˭ҲȲǣǴ˵еˣ
ৣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʧҶʸɡõĿռһҲ߽⣬޵ͨҶȿƣֱӰҶͨҶǱɳգռòϴܣ½磬ŷ֮ϡ


226 ̩

ոµأʿռ䣬ϤϢҶӭߣϢţһɹϢ˲ոҶ̧ͷһ˲䣬üͷǰգ׻΢ǵǿߣҲһǱҰ޶Ҷȡ
ҶȻֱ壬һɨռ󷨣ϴǧͼͼ޷סɰ˽ǿߡ
Ҷȣο㻹ʲôֶΣ
᰷ڽʣˣ춯δۺɱŵ÷㶵̩ӣ׻һλ߽ǿߣͬɱ⡣
ˣСӣŶλӣϣҪʬ
һգ΢ǵΪףʵɱڶֻʣĺ߽ߣĺҶѾ;ƿݣ˲ҶȿֲֶĵָҶȺɱС˵־
ҪɱңҲҪɱǣ׻桢΢ǵˣλǰǸ߸ϣǰȴĿ⣬ϧ
Ҷ֪˫ǲưոݣҶҲû뵽ǻ뿪ɱЩˣҶȱż塢ѣôǧͼпռŲƣ׵뿪ݴ½ȻôѲ⣬ȴܱȱ᰷ڡˡʵڵɱ½һжɱҪ򱶡
Ϊ鲻ΪȫҶ̬ȣȻ֣ҪȫɱߵһѾûκء
СӣԲѣ
ͻȻʵڰ˽ǿߣ½΢ǵˣͻأۣһһɺŲɿƳҶϯȥȻŷռ䶼ס΢ǵҪһ˲ɱҶȡ
΢ǵˡߣ
춯û뵽պյ΢ǵˣȻֱӶҶȳֱ֣Բݣң뿴Ҷձʵڵõ᰷ڸ˲شۣװװѵֶøˡ
ǰ
ɲǼ䣬ʵڻ᰷ǿߣף΢ǵһ£˵һҶȣʮҶȣҲɣҶնɱףԿס߽ǿߣɰ˽ףȴ߽ǿܿġ
һ̣Ҷȴΰ籩֮£СϣǣҶȴͻȻһʱɰ˽ǿ籩£һϡ̫ӰҶ嶸Ȼɳ
־ͶӰ
΢ǵˡ׻桢춯еˣͷҶ֣˭뵽һƮ޵ͶӰȻð

ͶӰһλһͷסòߣһӵ壬һʯֻ΢΢ſڣ΢ǵˡ׻浭һȣһ֣ȴ̫ź쾪ףֱӰ𣬽ţ½Ȼݴ½ݴ½ŷΪ֮һ
ͺ
ʵڳ΢ǵһˣ˲䱻ñըΪ촷ۣ΢ǵһСֱʧڲ񷣬֪ɵδ
֣
ʵȫû֮ʣ׻־岻ѣͻȻһһǿ־ͶӰˡ
һĻҶڿ׻־ͶӰ찡ǵͶӰɾǿ󣬾½Դڻζ϶ͨ쾳ǿߣ
Сͨ쾳һϣ
ͶӰͻȻǵǿͶӰһ֣Ӧ˵ָһһɿֱӰ־ͶӰɢ籩Űѿ׻桢춯еɣ׻ȫ¶Ѫǣֲͷһƴػ춯紩Ǽʯ֪ɺδе˱籩˲ɱһ
½ݴ½գ˲䣬һζǿߣһһѣݴ½
⡭
գҶȣһʣղŻһĺΪ촷ۣʬ嶼ʣ΢ǵ׻桢춯˲֪䵽½δˣ׻߽ףһһ䣬ңˡ
ͶӰͻȻ̧ͷ¶ϡɣգݴ½ХһСԺ̤½벽ߣɱ⣡
ǿͨ쾳ǿߣάңҶȽ߬ȭͷԭֻڣȴİ粻һĺ½ת۾ͻᱻ̤ơ
СӣԺ¸ҪЩǺֶΣɶնɱʮλǿߣϷʮݴ½δ־
ͶӰ͸һ̣ʱʧۣʮʹҶȣסϷֻܳһΣѾð֣֮мǣԺСģ
ǰ
Ҷȸ˵лл˭֪ͶӰ̻Ϊ̣֮ӿȥ˲ʧ֪ȥݴ½Ĵա
ΪζҳңǷһ塭ƯգҶһˣЩƣߡ
ˣ
ʱ򣬻ʸɡФԬڡ峾ӱ̫ҳǷ˲ƿնһҶȣʸɡæǰ
û£Ǵģնɱ᰷ڡʵڡˡ¹ǽλǿߣĴΪɱҶǿµڶ벻ףĵȴһһնɱ
ӴԺݴ½˭֪½
Ҷΰһ֣쳤Х½ÿ䣬ˡ᰷ڵɱ仨ˮĺκǿߣӦ־˭½ţҶҲٹˡ
ȻȥҶȺȻ¶һ˿⣬ŻʸɡŵֱµФԬˣһӣһ˶ʱƿնȥ
ŷϿվù죬͸Χһˣ죬ͻȻռһѷ죬һλӰȻѷǱ߳
ˣȻ춯ˣ̩ӡ
̩ģ˿ȥĪ⣬ʹɨأһ̾ǿһ־ͶӰȻ̺߽ͨ쾳ʵǱ˵нӽɾֲΪ
ݴ½̩λΪλ֮һ϶гԽͨ쾳ͷǱղǷͶӰ϶һܡ
̩ӾϢһμ򵥺ȻƣԿֲٶȻָţͻȻ̩𺳵ת̫ҳǷƬգһʥȼգţƿնĻ洫һƽ֮û뵽춯һˣȻܶͨ쾳һ
˭
̩ɫɱŻ棬潥ΪΣ̩ӱ쳣̩ӶԼռʮ㣬ֲܴһ´̩ӵкռֶͨΣԼؿռڣûκ˻֣ᷢû뵽ᱻ˷
Ҽǵ㣬춯ˣҵò̩ӣҺ֣ռֶΣΪλΪ춯ˣֶΣ»춯֮ϣҶܺ棡λ潥Ϊ۵ҶȣҶȷ
ԭҶôǧͼͼ鷢ڿռǵϢȻ̩УԾ÷ڿռ̩Ǳˮϡ
̩ӵɴۣ㵴Ҷȣ㣡
飬ңѵ𣿡Ҷ̩̿ӶԼռȷʮ㡣
Ҷȡ
̩һʮ͡ĵͷȴ쳣Ҷһ·ննɱķһо̩ӶҶСĺܣӵնɱǿʵȻ̩ǰߣû뵽ҶȿռֶβȥҲᷢ
ҶƯڿУ˫ͫ˸⣬ɭɭ˵춯ҳҪնɱ̩ӣһɱɣһ㲻Ź˿ϵˣ
̩Ŀ⾫⣬΢΢һɨʮ޵ŶҶȣȻ˶С㣬ңû뵽ɶأ޵һʥңи߼λɻϢĪǣӦһɻ̺˸߼Ϣ
ұնɱ߽ǿߣҲնɱǿߣΪ˶Ը㣬ҿ˲˵㣬춯ҲǶ֣ʵҲĽңҶ֣ȻӵпռͨҲУռˣ
Ҷ˵ûŻ̩ӣҶ뿪֮ǰȷʥȽԷһ
ʥȵǿҶʮ㣬춯ȫһնɱԷ
ããֶΣѹ춯ϳ˴㵽ܲɱңҺܻɣҲƴһΪûֱԹޣǿѣܺõѣҿԱ֤ѣõôҶչƣȴû̩Ӻ°֣ʮ侲
ҶѣҸ˽㣬ΪҵѣһҲʸ̩ӣиҲɱ㣡
㻹Ǵȥ㱾𣬶ҲҪطǿͣҪ֮ɣ̩ӾȻڳһӡ
߰ɣ
ٿٿ
̩̫ҳƿնȥռƽ֮󣬷ŷһжδȻԶ۶


227 
½ȫһͳɱ᰷ڡʵԼǿ̫֮ҳɳǿ߹̴½½ʿ˭֪ҲҶȵǿ󣬶ʵʵҶҰţ˭£ФЩɣҲΥ˼
Ҷ֣ٴϯĺɡͨ쾳ǿ߶֪ˡʵڡ᰷½˴½֪û˸ȥ½˭֪½һͨ쾵ǿߴڣ˭ȥѰ׷֮䣬˶ҶһС
½ķǽȻݱҶԶ̫ҵ۹䲼ɷ½κ塢ɡǱǿߡǶϽɽǿߣͳͳҶҳ˻ڿҶҺϷڣҶȾֶκأģֱӰЩķͳͳ̤
ʸɸҶԶ̫ҵ۹۹岻԰նģʿΪ壬ɣֻе۹Ȩ۹󳼷Ĺ٣ĹԱҪС
ҡҡҵЩΪ۹ʵһȨӵϵҩʮӣҲ۹֮Уɸְɡʿõ۹ḻʲôҩУǰζ飬̫ҵ۹ҪʲôֻҪͨ룬ԿԵõ
Ҫһ㣬̫ҵ۹ֶȥơǹȨƣǹķóҩṩʿУҾͨգҲʸ
һٴ䲼ȥ½˿ڣһ˿ڳΪʿ֣Ǿˣҵ۹УϹڼͨ룬ӵУܿ죬½һ´ӷ˴½һԾΪ½
½ĺǣĺȴǷ磬½ҲΪ½½ǿʢô½ۣṩԴԴԴ˲ظӲϡ
۹ʿڸǳرӪ֮У󷨣ʿУҪʮֿ̣Ϊ۹ףӵж͵㣬ܽӪУÿӪɸ߽ǿ
½̫ҵ۹ΪһƬ澻
Ҷ𡢾ԪЩˣΪͻɾ޵һ죬Ƕǵ۹һӣ֮⣬ҪΪ۹龫ǡ
̫һʳǣһΰڡ
̩հ˫ֲַӡĽΪȴӵһɸ߽ϢĪ⡣
Ǭߵ󡭡Ȼ棬ȻԺѧ󷨻ҪֻҶȱΪ̫ͣﵽɾôʮֹʱǸ߽ɶ޷ͻƣ
ֶΣҶȣȻֶΡ̩΢΢ۣһĿͻͻ䣬̺
̩ӣҲ϶ˣ˵˵ɣҶʮָȤһҪʵ򡭡
ȻڹϷ֮ϣͻأسһӰҶȣƿնһ磬ͷЦ¡ƿǬƣ˸һƮ޶󣬺ʱƿնȥ
̩һռ΢΢һΧ˲ʧµ춯޹ϵˣΪūǡñѣӴ˳ū
Ҷȵĵ㣬춯ӦûпĲ̩ӣ֮У̺һں㾧֮ϵĿռ䷨ѹݴ½ռ֮ƣ뿪½Ҳ׾ٰɣ

̩ͫһ⣬Ȼռ䣬׷׵֣ſռһץ֨֨Ȼռڳһռ̩ͨӶͨһ֣̼䣬һʮɺɫʯȻͨ֡
㾹Ȼ̩ܿλ汾Դ
һĻҶϳֲ˼飬ִ̩½ռ䣬̩λȡʯֱǸȡǴ˵ֶΣ̩ȴһɣӵֶΡ
ʲô
̩ǣһм߸ϣƣһ̫Ÿ֣Ҳƿ̩λռλ汾ԴΪǡ̩ʡᣡ
̩ʣ
Ҷ͵վͷž̩ӣ̩ӵһôҲ뵽̩ӾȻ̩ʺᣬеҹ̷̩λһ塣
̩ʣ̩λʷϣˣһͳ̩λ򡢴½Ϊλһߣֻ̫̩һͳһλ棬ڻδ¶Գ̩־˻ߡ
̩ʷ̩֮ʼҲ֮Ҷȴӹżϵ֪ѾǼ£̩λ澹Ȼ̩ʼᣬǲ˼飬˵ȥ˭ţ̩һʼ͵Լ̩ʺᣬҶȿɶЦǷӣɼʶ̩λòҶš
ˣֻһĽΪƿ̩λɶ̩ʺᣬֻ̩һӵֲ˼ͨ
ݺ޻ɣΪ̩ʺᣬҵ֮Уӵ̩Ѫӳӵ̩λ汾Դ̩ʻ壬߸ϣ̩λߣ̩ɨһĨ
Һ֣Ȼ̩ʺᣬΪλģң̩ʻһͷ߼磬Ϊ̩λ棿
Ҷж̩ӣлɣ̩ʺᣬӦò̩λ棬ôΪһū춯ʹ
Ҷôһʣ̩һƱ쳣ɱڣ̩Ѿڸ߼ɽλ䣬̩һ̩ʣһһ䣬Ȳӵ½죬֮ǰˣŲΪū
̩䣡
һߣ̩ʣȻ䣬ҶȾò˼飬Ϊ˵̩ʣʵжɿֲ̩ʼжǿ󣬾Ȼ壬̩Ҳ䣬̩ɽλ涨ʲô·ҶȻЩŵؿ̩ӣ̩ʵʲôնɱ
̩ӵһؽ̻ᣬ׽̡ԭ̩̩λ棬ɽ֮˭׽̳֣ɱһλ棬̩ڵɽ磬Ҳ׽̹£зһһ׽̾Ȼ潻̩λ棬ǲ֪׽һͳ͵λ桢ߵλ棡
׽ǿֲһͳλ棡Ҷ෴׽̺ܸȤһ̻ᣬȻһͳλ棬εģ̩ǿߣնɱ
׽ѳɽλ棬вλ汻ӶᣬҶ֣֪׽Ѿɳʿ̩λ棬Ҫһͳ̩λ棬̩λΪ׽ɢλ棬һɹ̩λ飬ԶΪ׽̰ѳ֣κᣬԶûɣ׽ԽԽǿ󣡡˵Щ̩ӺȻҶȣƺ֪Ҷ󣬻ʲôӦ
̩ӣ㾹Ҹˣۣ
ҶĿƺ̩˼ЦǸûκνȴżɽһжң˵ɣ˵Ҿ㣬ǧˣۣ
ȻǴˣ
̩һһЦݣҶȵķӦʮͣʵҲһУ½磬ֹ׽̣ҿɲ룬̩һֵλ棬׽Ӷᡣ
ҶһЦضֹթ̩ӣ㲻أҲ֪㲻һػɽλ棬ң׽õ̩ʣõ̩Ƶλ澫һõǾͿλ棬λΪ׽̴Ҳ룬׽̿϶ûд̩ϵõʲôпܣ׽õĶϣ԰ɣ
Ȼ̩ӱͻȻŷҶʲôڷڡ񱩡
ҶЦô㣬ҲǱģʲô׽̣˵ֻһۿڶƭЦѣ
Ҷ֣ҲòһȷǸû뵽̩λ棬е죬㣬̩λ̩ƿ֮󣬺֮Уɾ֮ԴԴҶֵ֣ȥƭʵ㣬׽Ͱ´ʿ̩λ氵д壬ѰͽѾвǿ߳Ϊ׽̴ʿ̩λ治Ͷƭ㣬ͲЩˣ׽̿ɣ
̩Ӵʱһ֮ǰΨΨŵŵֱ̬࣬ȡ
Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣һɨ̩Ǹױ飬һߣֱеˣĪǣҵôܣĿģң˵㣬ĪǾҺԸ׽̴ʿɣ
ƴ½磬ѰҰ֣һԸʿҲԼλţЩνţɽλ洦ɼҪţҶϣҲû뵽㣬֤ĲŻǵ죬ȣҶ͸壬ˣҲ޷ӦЩ֤ԶˣҪ㣬֣Ը׽̴ʿ̩ϸЦݣһа뷨ѿڶκڿ
ҶȼԸ׽̣ȻЩԲҲ뿴ΪʲôôУĿǰʵ޷Կͨ쾳
ҿ޳޷ˣģ̩λ¼⣬µķ̳һõ̳ܽ塢ඥҪҪµķ̳ϣֻҪСģΪӪ޵һʣܶԸʿ
Ѱ̩ʱ⣬룬׽̴ʿӦҲҰѣ
ǵȻ汦֮Уӵ޵ı˭ܵõ˭ƿ̩λ棡
̩ӣҴӦð̩ʱ棬õıңһ̸
ͻȻҶһα䣬Ŀ̩ӽ㣬һ𻨡


228 ͻ
Ҷ̩ӲôãΪľ̩µ̩µıͷǳ˲ãһõͿλ棬õ̩ʴС
̩ҲĬˣ֪ҶĻҶǰ޷κܣ˲һһ̩ʣ̩λ棬򣬿ʵС񡯣̩̩꣬λ󱦿⣬һ顮񡯣һõ̩λ棬ң󱦿ڹ¶ﵽƷһͿԳͨ쾳ʮͿԳɾһٶƷͳˣ˵Ʒʲôڷһǿǳɻʯ˭õ˭
λ֮ģȷʵǺñɾҺú˵˵Ҷ侲̩˵̫ɻ
û뵽֪˵ɾ㲻֪һԭ򣬲ɵľ޴ʯһ޴ʯɵӵԣ֮ƷΪ󣬿ͨ쾵ɾΪƷҲԣһɡһ֮أһ㶼ӵлƷƷУ
̩ӼɾǷһ󾳽磬ɾϹҲǰɾӵв壬ɾѾ˾ɡɡɡɡͨ졢ɣһ󾳽磬̤ɾһˣӵгʸ񣡡
ɾ
һ̣ҶȷŷֿһعأԭΪͨ쾵֮ˣȴû뵽ɾûյ㣬ɵɣһУ裬֮·֪¶ٰ׹ǡ
̩˫ͫͷĿ⣺Ҷ֣Ѿ֪һУҺԸʿ㣬ֻҪҲҪǱֻҪȫʿɱҷҪصɽ磬̩λ棬Զλ棬̩ΣҲҵΣ
ãңûȤҶԼʵְգòҲܳɾ̩λߣ
ҶһڴӦʮˬ죬Ҷ˵ôȻܶ࣬δ֪ΣҲ֪̩֣֪̩λ棬ж׽̴ʿ
̩һȫǼֽкãã͵仰Ҷ֣̩λ洫ʿûж٣ȴΪǿߣЩʿһѰ󱦿䣬һڰоӪ׽̣̩λ֮У׽Ѿֽ̣׽ҰģǱס೤ʱ䣬Ҿ䣬ͻͨ쾵Ǿ̳ȥ⣡
Ǻǣ̩֣֪ǵʵͻɸ߽׾նɱͽɾǿߣͻɾ̩λ棬ͨλ棬˭Ҷ֣Ҳǿʣ𣿡
Ҷ̩Ǿ仰⣬޷ǵԼʵҶȵ⣬̩ûھȥѰ̩ʱ⣬·һ
ţţҲ㣬Ҷ֣ӽʼҺ׽̣Ŀľػλ棬ΪλߣԽ̩棬ˣ̩һֱڴ֡
Ҷ֣ҵĴ֮һдʯҩòˣΪϣоԣӦһͬѰǳֲԽһǼ߼̩ӷһץһöɫɽ˲Ҷȡ
˵ĲϵȷӵһһǻʩչֶΣ
һץסɽ䣬һɨָȻӵнʯǲˣ̩ӹȻɽˣ򲻻ӵôʯ
ٿ
̩ͻȻץһƯڰգһ̩ӣҶ֣δ⣬ǿԪҶԸӦԷ
ã
ҶҲ룬ֱӴһ̩ںϣʱһӡҶԪ֮С
ҼָΪʵҷѾӵɾΪֻҪǧȫָ಻㣡̩˲ӦҶϢԼԪ
̩֣в㣬ģߣ
Ҷ̩ӷ쾳ΪһҲ⣬ˣȻҲʵ̷󷨣̩̤ռ䡣
ಣ
̫ҳǴ·ع磬ռһӣҶ̩΢̫̾¯̹ˣ
Ҷȵͷ˳ܣ̩ӣԺͬһӪ
̩ӿֵ֣
̩ӶһۣȻҶȵˣ½һͳŴǬߵ֮ǰԿɶ
ĺܺã̾ҪͻƣԺҪݴ½ҪǬߵ֮У̩֣ڴУԴԴϣҶѾܵһǿ½Ͽۡ
ǴõطʵָһЩ԰Ӧһͨ쾵ǿߣ֮ǣ
̩ӵ˺ôȻҲΪҶǽѣҶȵＸɣ˵˸ҷɱ½̩ʵǿ󣬶ӵвֶΣģȷΪҶ𵽱á
Ҷ֣ǬߵȷһһʯУ뼸Ͷⶦ֮УǬߵӵпɸ߽
ɨ½̩̫¯һ࣬ٿʯ̫¯֮У¯ʱ䣬ڱˣǬߵŷڷڣȻʥԡ
ֶΣֱʯԣֱҶֶθٱ
ˣ̩ǺˣȻֱʯתΪԣֱת򣬶Կ취ҪԲע⣬٣
һĻʱ겻ѣ̰ԪҶȴ
Ҷȵģ٣Ϊˣֻˣκθ߼򣬶ûж
ˣ
̩ӵ￴ˣʲôˣֻڴ˵еĴڣȻ̩ʮֻɣ̩˲ʯƾֶΣҶҲȲϣֻһֽ̩ͣӾˣֻˣӷݷˣһͱطɣ֮ء
̩Ƿֵţڣ˵ô̫󡭡
ʱҶĻ̩ˣòԤҪǶԷʲôֶΣڱԷ̵ʣ
ҪФԬڼһһ˿ٶ˲ɱʱҪڱչأһнͻʸ
Ҫ½һȥعֻʣҶ̩ӣҶȸܵǬߵʩչ㾧񣬽ռʼ
һΣһսնɱôǿߣҲֵá
ҶȸǵڣȻѾϣǲѪ壬ӵѪԣ̫Ҷ˿Զָ
ɾ
ҶȶĪճ̾һĮȻҡҡͷΪͨ쾳յ㣬ԶɼȴɾƮˣնɱʲôͨ쾳쾳ǿߣ̩ӡ桢ҵȷС
½ӳ
ʩչ㾧Ҷٻݴ½ԴϽˮƶ̫¯մ½Դ̫ӳҶݽߵ￪ʼõ޸̫ȫ

ҶƿصĿռ䣬һֱ̫¯ڷڣԴԴ̫ͷʥâռ䡣
һ졭졭ʮ죬Ҷһֱڿռ䣬̫һͳͳָֻһ¶ѣٶȣǾˡ
ݡ
һȦȦͬâҶϣҶȿȥƮ޶棬ʱᱻռ籩ߣ彥ͷſֲһΰǹ֮һʥ
أءأͻưɣ
ҶҪͻƾ磬ɶֱͻأɾˮ룬ҲɾƿһͻƣҶʵҪ߲١
ںֱ̫ӳ壬ҶȲٷӡǽ𵤣ýȫ𵤣ɾеķ򣬶ҶȾȻɾ޵ý𵤣بδеĴ档
Ҷɾɾ𵤸߼ֱѹͼ̫ʼ񱩣ֱӴһ㾳谭޽ӽɾˮ࣬Ҷȸоһֻع󺣵ĸо
䡫
̫ȻֱҶ˲ͻأȻ̫øͣǺһҶһֱͻأɷֱӼ̤ǿ֮¡
ҶӵʵҪĨɱɷ׾٣ҵõ𵤼ӳ֣Ҷͻƣ˿ûһܣһܣһͷţɷҶڵޡ
أ
һ죬ͻأһ̣ҶͻȻ͵һգռ侹ȻƵģҶȺƣ
ƣ
Ҷȴһץ̫ռ䣬ͻȻһֱѣܲסҶƣҶڶʱžըҶһڽѱ䡣


229 ӿ
ǡѪϸѪһڱըһ̫ϼֳΣѪ֮Уͻأѱ䣬ҲڲվҲѱ䣬ԪҲմʵϢ
һͻƣ仯ģҲڽͻأҶ΢΢ۣĿǰԵףһλߣӵвŵƣһһɽ͸Ųڷ
أɾƿһҲ⣬Ҫͻأʱ޷쵽ʵȥ̩λ룬ֶΣͨ쾵ǿߣҲأ
شݴ½˵ǸҪȥӹ̩λ棬ȥܳɾͲʵ
ͻƣҶȷŷѾоһָ͡¶ĸоССݴ½Ҷ˵սʲôˣҲһֻСϣ̩ӣҶ۽󿪣ɾЩһһϮ
Ҫ̫ҵ۹Ϊ۹ҪõȻڴ½һ㣬һ᰷ڡʵЩһɿ⣡
һ̣ҶȾݴ½ȥ̩λ̫ҵ۹Ϸչݣ̫ҵ۹һʱ᲻κΣʱ䣬ǡҶΪѻᣬһ޵ɾʱܳݺݴ½˵᰷ڡţҶҲ֮
ɾֻͻɾҶȲŻΪߣⱻɾʵС֪ͻɾҶʵᵽһֲֿز
̫һ⡭
úüһ֮ҶȿʼΪͬʱʥȣʵߣѱ䣬ʼ컯ȭݱ䣬ݣУ컯ȭҶǿֶΣûʥǧͼͼ飬Ҷֻ컯ȭ

᰷֮ڡ
䣡
һգһƯĺڣ춯ͻȻ³һѪֱһ鱦ʯ棬ݺݺȵҶȡһҪɱ㣬ȡһУŰɣ
춯ʵһԹû뵽һԸͷʵںƽڻָҲ̲סģ³һѪ
κˣ춯Ҫը˻ᱻҶʲôˣ춯ʲôˣ᰷ӣ߸ϵ׾ͷһϣһڵأһǻʵۣһؤ
ʵ۾Ȼؤ裬һ԰Ը춯ôƽһ뵽Ҷϣͻڣһ

ͻȻƿһλ۵ˣʮͷüĿ߱ƤһɽɢһƣŷͶܴݻһ½
ˣ᰷ȣݴ½ǿߣһΪﵽ֮ͨ
μ״ˣ춯̹ʧȻһԹҶȺ֮ǡ
ͶӰ֮Уڵ׻ѾָҲҪӿ
ǲģһɣҡ춯˵ŷԼ˼˵ȥ
Ρ벻һ̫ɽѹţ춯׻Ѱǰǰңȷ˭Ҳû뵽һɣֶΣʵ㣬ֻ㾧ˣҲȷЩֶΣҪնɱǱĸ󻼣棡
춯ĵأģþҪͻ߽ףȴᣬһҪնɱҶȣֻһ޵ǿߣɱ½ңغ㾧񣡡
ˣȷһ޵ǿߣΪףҲ޷ӦڣпǸ߽ͨ쾳ǿߣԲˡʵԼ¹Ǽȫû϶ǲŹҶȣǳ֣ȻʰǰһɹӶһƷʱΪΪ㷥ëϴ裬һɹΪԺͲʲô£Ȼ
Ʒл
춯ϲ⣬һƷΪͻƣıްҶȣϴɹһԺͻøֶζԸ㣬ŰɣԶ½򣬶ʰ㣡
º½һʥأʿߴ˿֮ˣ֣ʵھˣȻ඼ɾɾ̫ҵ۹£ꡢʮ꣬Ϊɾǿߡ
һ룬һСС½ӵмɣʵڲ˼顣
ҶԶΪ̫ҵ۹ƿش½ʿҲ޵ɾΪСС½Ѿһ֣ҶҶˣ޵ɾ߸ϵɾͻơ
̫ҵ۹ɷ֮£ɾƵ֣ڴ֣ɼ½һģ٣ѾгΪʥسΣ;⣬ǧ½ᵮɾǿߣʱͳΪʥأֱӿš᰷ڡʵЩһɡ
ϧûۼ֤䣬̫ҵ۹
֮УҶվڹȾͷΰ̫ҳǣоʱ죬һж˼飬һССҶңһΪе꣬һΪһ½ˣΪǿߡ
ϲãҶ뺮ǴǴν֮󣬺ʹδѹҶΪѸܵԪкһСԪڣʱпʧΪú忴һĻҶѣṩԪֻϣЩѡ
ˣ
ʱԬһʿͬ£Ҷߡ
ҶĮȻʵǰã˵᰷ڵԪҪμӵһӣѩԺ䣬㿴ʱûУ
ǣ
ԬڲҵҶȣǳŷָһ㣬ش𣺡ˣں죡
һж⡱
Ҷһ㶣ȻعոձչسѩԬһʣȴպں죬Ҷȿڤڤ֮עģȥѩһ档
˳ȥʶʶԺӷɣָҲԺ
Ҷϸϸһ룬ȻԬȥתݴ½ʱ䲻࣬ʸк㶯ǰӵǷһ飬ѩȴȡ㾧㣬ôҲ˵ȥһҪѩ˵
ಣ
һ֮Ҷֱ̤նȥ

̩λ棬һ˷ΪǣԺһӣִɡ
죬̩λԺȻһӣ̶ǧ꣬ʹɾ޵ͨ쾵һʵס
˿̣ڵһմ½֮ϣһƮɾ֮У̾żɸ֣һɢ޺һΪףһ˫ͫɢ⣬Լλ֣һϢҲʮ֡
ԣλֵܲܰһҶλֵǱһҶȵʿҹǣһҪɱݴ½ǹ㡣
λˣǹݴ½ǿߣһ˵ѾͶ죬ݴ½պգ˸ǡ
һɱһ⣬͹𣬿Ҫըһ㣬ĵҶȡСҲƱȻһͨ쾵ǿ߳ʱܶҶȱˣٶֲ٣
к£
ͻȻճһУֵƮӰ˲֪ںδռ䣬ͷһƮζ
μӵ
˼ͶӰ֣һæʩɻǵɣڲǰɱ˴ޱߺڰգϣܾɣ
Ŷɳˣ
ͻȻۣĿÿռϢȻͻȻֱۣ˺˯һ㣬ַ·ʩչһͨͨ˾ȴ֪֨ʲôˣжǿΪ
Ѿ䣬һаռɣвˡʵڡ᰷ڵȫħǷģȥͨջ֪һУǡҪȥݴ½һˣǷģѾգһǸҶȵСӣ϶·һҶҵˣ
ãۣŷȥһԵͷ󺮹⣬˵ϼ䣬ʧ
ã̫ˣõ֣ݴ½˶֪ǵ죬˭ҵң
ͫһĨа⣬ɭɭͷţĪ⣬߼˰ëֱ䡣


230 
ӵλݴ½ϣһƬ޴ˮ֮Уӵ滷ˮˮһص׾ţӵȻԴԣ̾ϹֲʻɽҰǣԶԶȥӵɸִβϼƳ֮Уŷһɵ
˿̣ǿߴݴ½˷ĺһɣȫɾǿߣɾ٣УǶĹӣǶμѩԺʢ䣬˶֪ݴ½ҪһλţýҪӰ½֡
ڽӵ֮󣬱ǧͣ峺տˮһλλӵڹӭɵӣˣȫ᲻ٷУǷۣӵǰУʮ׳ۣոһȺˮ氲ʳ
۾ʱʻ뺣ɵһһ´ӵ벻ͬ¥ϢڲԶӵĵӵʥأһΰɽ
Ժ仹һʱ䣬ĺɶǰӵ׼ü뵽
ӵһأľ̫ҳǾ޴ʮһмʮУʮˮʮ죬˽ˮ飡
һŤӰѹƺƶŷƬأҶ·ˮָղһĻָ֮ռ䣺ӵ󷨵ȷú㾧Ľ롣
һţ㣬ʮڹţֻͲŵӣǿмƮϢţӵͨ쾳ǿߣ
ҶͻأΪʵף춯£Ҷʩչ컯ȭնɱ춯׾٣ҶʹʥǧͼԺɨס߽ҲնɱʵѴﵽʮֲֿز
ͻƣҶԪҲ֮ѱ䣬֪ǰ߼ֻҪ΢΢һܰΧһиӦһԪһʮɾ绹һμסԽǿ
ѩ
Ҷգƺסʲô磬ƿնȥ
ӵʥأĵһܿռ䣬ȻҲһȷʵһյĵ죬Ϊյӵϲʸӵее
յֱʮ罣գŷֱӴգڿռӪһƯĵ졣
ú㾧Ʒ֮оΣ
յ̾ƮӰһλŮӣȻ̾һľӨˮӨâ͸ųԽԣյϢˮǣ
ŮӺȻۣһعʧţһ֮УŮѩ
֮ѩ˾Ȼ͸ɾϢһλʮҡޱ飬飬ȴòȴӵо֮˵ķٸʦѾͻɾȥ̤볬ʥƮǹҲڻѣͽõǿɼ
ٸֱ飬ľʣŷƺ쳾ʮϹתһӡһһƽ⣬ϹżͻһһѣɼȻ٣̤ͨ쾳ǰŻȫѣʱ֮£ûм֣ǵ죬Ҳܣһ̤ɣǿĺ㾧񣡡
ʦ࣬Ҳн죡ѩм˵ȴЩ롣
ٸ˽죬ԺӣӵѾûжΪʦҲﲻ㣬ͿԼ
ѩٻܷܷվٸ󣺡ʦģʼӵӣһȫʦã
ţ
ٸ˵ЩʲôȻͫһɷ⣬ֱգÿռͻͻζյҪ׹޾ڰ֮УѩҲĺܣȻ̤ؾǺεȸΪ
ߣһֱ죬ȻˣβʲôֶΣӱ
ٸ˫ͻȻסһգ鼤һȦ⣬ֱӺɱգţһߴӰֱ麮ͷһռһһ޲ˣӵܵĵ졣
ߣһռ䶼ҪҲӵ˫ӣ濹⡣
۵˫һȴޱȣĵ죺ֶΣȻ겻Ϊһξ
һ֣ޱȣ˿ӵӣٷּ˫ϣ´ζҺЩٶԳ֣ҽնɱ
ߣһСС
˫ͷŸӺϢжڵ죬ֱһɱΪʲǶ֣ҲҰѵŭ˭֪ӣʲô˫ƽĵԺʹѾ٣죬ʲôֱ
˫ģڣҲӵʲô
΢΢˫Ǻܿģ쿴ѩȻ¶Цݣϲ̤ɾʵӦÿԶԸһɣԺֻͨ쾳һϯ֮أ㻹ҪŬҵڣ˭Ҳҵ㡣
죬ûʲôϵԺЩһֱĬѩȻŵƽ˵仰
㻹û󡭡
Ƶ˵֣ͻȻתָֻǸ߰գ˫ͫͻȻһԵ⣬ףֱӰѿյڵĿռ飬ڿյһ˲䣬˫ѩ˲ɳռ䣬Ȼա
䣡
⣬ֻƿռ䣬ٿһգݺݵĺһƬռ֮УʱشıըӵΪ֮𶯣ǿߣһһɳ¡
죬Ҫʲô
˫ܵӵڵֶ£Ҫѹ飬æʵ졣
ȴû˫ǿƬըռ䣬һЦȻҿӱۣ
죬ֶΣݴ½һšȿȣ
Ŀռ䣬һƽӰ߳ɫЩǱȴһЦݣһõЦݡ
Ҷ
ѩ󾪣˲㾪гΪˣҶȡ
ء
һ̣˫Ҳڿԭ˵죬Ȼ˿ӣһһɣΪƿش󣬾ȻûзֶԷûֵ죬˫ҲˣϾһߣʵףڣȻһɣҲܶƿأ˫͸ɱͬʱҲϸϸҶȡ
ǵ죬һ⣬Ȼҡ
ӵǿע£ҶҲǵһԵ죬һ֮ȷҶЩԾۻ࣬ŷһ죬һڵأҶȹǰ̾ʩչָ̫ƣĵ죬һɶ֣ʧݰɣ
˭ˣˣ˭±ۣ˭Ҫ޵󱲣Ҳмɱ㣡˫񷣬˵֮䣬ŷ
ӣ
Ҷ콣֮ʣһλλ۵ǿߣ볯ǳ۱һ֣ݴ½һɣŵӣһɸ߽Ϊ硣
΢΢һָãնɱ
ǣʮλǿߣȻԵϹϾȶԴҪ֣ȻŵӣݵӽҲʸĶ
У֣ˣǰɱ˴ԱϺЩ
ȻŸҪҶɱʱƮӰȻգƿռͷߣһλ꣬һͷƮݳɣػȻɣһ˿졣
¡Ϊмɨһ۳ꡣ
£ԺӣһΪѾﵽͨ쾵ȵ滹Ҫãûе֮ʱ¾ݴ½һӣһţ
ƯգҶһĨȣû뵽˾ȻɱʼϲҶѾǵǸҶȣݴ½ţҶȲɫһ̫ʯ
֣֣û뵽콵٣Ҳˣ
ˣѵǰӣʵڡԼ¹ȫûʧ桢ݵҶȣ
½٣ΧǿߣˢˢĿӵ졢תƵҶϣγ㶦棬ǰҶȻһɣȴҶƵͬ߶ϡ
ֱ仯֪˾ò˼飬ʣΪλһɣôꡢǧ¡Ტۣǣڣ˿Ҷ¡֮ʱŷ𿴵һλڵ
һǳš
һǳǧ꣬ʷǰľš
һ½ǣ̫ҫۣţǷעҪŹ⻷أ


231 񻰵
ʷ֤漣Խȥվڵ£չδ֤ĵ
졢¡
ӵǿߣĺʹߣĿ⿴졢£ݴ˵ţû뵽ӵͬʱ
ǾҶȣڵɾնɱ˳ǰãɾնɱˡʵڡ᰷ڡ¹ǽǿߣ
ţһʮǿľͷʹ߽ͨ쾳ͷ
Ҳǵ졢¶˵ϰռߣȫĿҶϣҶϷŷĳħĿ⡣
û뵽ż깦ʹﵽָ߶ȣڣ졢վͬһ߶ȣ
ѩ⡢Լָӱ飬һ˫ͫҶϣ֪ҶȽɾͷǷȴû뵽ͻأż꣬ҶȾ졢³Ϊ½٩٩̸ѩʵ⣬һл֮С
ȥնɱС
һλǿߴ߳ʮᣬƣӦòݴ½ʿͷһâ
±£߸һλλǿߣɰ˽סŽ΢΢ͷͫͷŵߺޣû׽
λǿߣõɣתҶȣݴ½ǿǰͷǿոͷţÿռֲΪһ߾״һа
аߣ
ݴ½ǿһ𣬸аǺâֱʮ⣬¸֮Уаߡ
ãã̩λ棬жɣλ򣬸ûаֻ֣֮ʵ֮ʵһУħʵǿҲΪߡ
аߡҪҶ̫Ǻڰаħǡ
аɢûӰ쵽ҶȣҶȰԸˣҶ̺ʥһкڰһа񣬶ҪҪҶǰаᱻӳҶ
ħ
аһȭڿһɹаϯգΪһƬڰâֱӴҶӿаֱǧףаƹһ̣ӵϿʧȥ˹Ϊڰħ
һƬƬƣһ쳣а֮⣬ѸʳƣڰΪ֮֮⻺Σݴ½ǿǰΪһߴǧɵħֳһħһħ棬ϹħֱӳҶ̤նȥ
ħ²ţ߸ߣӵ˲ֶΣԶԶԽʵ
ǰħ죬֪Ҷܲܿסնɱף¡
һס˭Ҳûкۣϴ֤ŵĳ档
ݡ
ħӶħͷŹħ⣬ħ罣նϲ񷣬ͻͻسҶ
ħȫҶУ֣֨֨ħ⣬ȻڸʴҶȳۣƣԭħҲһʮ˵ãֱӷʳ죬λǿߣֶξǷͬһ㡣
Ҷȫħ֣ʧȥӰֻ͸а˷ëħ⣬ħøӺڰ
ôʧ
аҶȱԼٻĺڰħѹһ㷴ûУҪħٻ¶һѱֺı顣
׹ɢڰ¹Ҫܵѹ
ͻͻͻ
˶ΪҶȻħ֮ʱͻȻ޺ڰаռҶһԶŵ˾ѣ׷⿴ա
ֻħͻȻһʥߣʮڰħһ飬ڰһһâҶֳֹʥǹͷʥƮâ̤߳գһԶս񣬴˲񻰴˵
ʲôħһ𣡡
ҶͻȻ̧ͷĿž⣬ӶʥǹֱӴߴаħһǣҹգһβۡ

ħս񷣡
ħһŵħ֮аø࣬һӡʱħӶʮħ棬һ򵥶ѸͲҶȡ
޷ƣ
˾޴ħ棬˵ħԣҶȴ䲻׼ħ棬˲Ӷʥǹӭȥһɲǣνâһһа֮Ȼ潻ս
ꡭݡ
ʥǹȻֱӰħ̵÷飬ŻΪ޹âޣ˲ħħٻħͷħɱ֮ǣħԹ֮ûκв罣񷣬˲˴ħ֮ϣͻͻͻһ󣬾޴ħȻʥâΪΡ
һлħҶĿаǿϣֱӻһĶ֣
˲һֻǵسаǿɱȥֻҶ֮ǰЩһŷ̺â
Ҳ潻սħ񷣡
аǿ߿Ķ֣˿壬ǲмΪܸܵĶǿҶΪʩչʲôزһ˲֪ǿߡ
һħ纣ХĶ֣ħһϯһ滯ΪһſħͷҶצ
ݡ
ħͷ籩Ķֲһǣ˫Ӵһ̣Ķ־Ȼֱ˺ħͷɢ籩ֱӳа굱ͷ¡
䡭
аû뵽ʵȻܵףңԼ޷ƶֻ֣ƺ̺˶ħԵľѹƣа֪вϧѾˣĶֱӺϣâķѣԪҲɡ
ô򵥣
أȻնɱס˼飡
ɼһһ˼ģֽ֣ܶаܣȴû뵽׾ٱҶնɱݴ˵еɾնɱɾ񻰡
£ǿһ£ͱնɱҶԴһҪϾɱģ£ŰɣãһժȡͷգҾͲˣ
Ŵ½ǿߵ棬նɱ£޹⣬Ҷã֪Լڻ¶֣һеڣ̡뿪ɱ֮
һòɫǣȴ֣չʳָָҶȣỵ̂СӣǱ۵ˣɱһ죬Īǣ쿪ʼ뿪
죬ҲΪУҵ˺ܶ࣬һ࣬һ٣죬˶㣬ʲôҲǣȻҪҶ֣ǴӴԺҲмһˣ죬ҾͲ˷ʱˣ
ռΪţŲƣ
ҶȿЦ֮ܵһɱ⣬ɱǲˣҶԪڲһĿһƳָ΢΢һ׵磬ȻԼһ
á
ʵжǿҶû˶ʵҲͨ쾳ɸ߽ҶȻ޷ԸȻǵ֣һʱ䣬ʩչǧͼҶֻһ·뿪ݴ½ص½϶ֱɱ½ҶȾֱ뿪½ȥ̩λ档
ߣƣ
ָڵ˳ֻһ׵ֱӺҶȣ춼һҶȥ֮ռֱ飬ѿռų⣬ռȣһΪ׵磬籩ֱӻҶڵĿռ䡣
䡭
Ｘǧ׿ռ䣬׹֮䣬羵飬һʧ͸Żܡ
ǿֶΣǵʵռ䣬շ򡭡
ʵ𺳣ӵ˫иǿߣһֹͣĺ飬ʧȥ֪
죬̩λ㣬ǣ
Ŀռãã͸żѹǼգͻȻҶ˻߷ȻһʱͨʧӰ
Ȼڵǿһ£ҶȻûһֱӴռ䣡
ˣڣšʵڡ᰷ǿߣ֣һ˵ɾͨ쾵ҲҪҶһɣȻܻߣһʱҶȾΪˡ
ʱգ
ٴζҶʧӰһΰԽղһʮֱֹƿβҶȶȥͬʱҲΪӰʧ
ʣľˣŴһֱû˵ؿǻռ䣬ҲһʱزڵǾֶγС
Ҷȡ
ѩ븴֮С


232 ħ
̩λ棬ͼλһڵͶ˵λ棬̩λ֮ϣиӸ߼λ棬ڷλУ̩λҲλͶˣ߼λ棬ں֮У̩λɳһС
һλʮ־޴λ֮䣬ֻ˲пܴ󣬷ϹŴλ棬̩λ˵Թź⵽λɧš
̩λƯ½еĴ½Ҫ󣬶е򣬱һ½ҪС̩λ漸ԺƣԺ⣬ݷŴǿߣеɾǿߣûаͻƴ٣ԷӡԶ̩λ֮УһǿߣԺҲҵ
ݡԺֱƿ̩λλöλλƿشԴ򡢴½ԺȻͬˣȴ˭Էɾ͵һԺһͳλ档
໥ѹ£ٰǻǽ۹ǽɣһԺз棬ȡһ죬۹ǺܺһӣһֺԺһнʵȨΪһ
ԺԺǴһƬɱ¾ΪƬԺ֮䣬ԵԺӣ໥ɱγһƬûɱ¾󷽣ǸԶƫƧ򣬽λ룬һЩƫԶдҰδԭʼ򣬶Ϊаħͳε
ԺҲ򣬹ռλ򣬳֮⣬ҲƮԶҲȨҪΪݵһԺҪһͳλʮϹֻ̩һ
ԺչҰ໥Ͼڱȵ̡ڱ
ħǣһŴƫƧ֮еҰһеȡݴ½ٱô޴ӵдΪԴ򣬲ħѾ̾ǿߣ֪һֱûбԺͳһ
ħаħһԺƵڹ룬ô󣬲ϴͣҲҪһܵλ򣬾ħǻڸһ޾
ħɽһϵɽӵԶħԣħǿߣħɽǾħǡħͳ֮أӵʮħʿħɽǾħǿ󼸹֮һ
ħɽܴ󣬱ݴ½Ҫ󼸱вٳǳأɷħһƿأ඼ħߣȻҲʿʿʮΣգûǿʵͻᱻץȥū๤ȵȣ³ʮ
һȥͷһϹħɽһħػħɽ
ģ͵Ҵ򣡡
һڶϵɽ֮У׿󶴣ķĴ˿̣һʯʯԼֿʯʻڳ·УҲÿʮʿɵĶ飬쳤һͷ
Ȼиʮ˾꣬˺ֽۣһƵģƼݣͻȻֲס˵ʹڼçһɫ·źɫ磬趯ޣһٱ޴
ûͣū֪ˣǱ˱޴ţǰûȥ˵
㡭
ؿգƾçǱӣȻҲÿһޣͨ޴ŷûգȻüճһѷ죬һӰȻǱشӿռѷ쳯Լ׹¡
䡭
Ӱصڵ棬ҳһӣӰһſڷ֮У
ô£
ͷħľ޺֤һĻҲһ㶣˶һۣɱСħһ޿ȥ
ͣ
ͻȻǵӰֱԾ𣬻Ϊһ޺ɹͷأӰҲͣ£һˣ̧ͷȻҶȡ
Ҷ˿ɫݺ̾ø죬Ȼ˲ֶͨΣڿռһ·β棬ϣôͨҲ޷ǧͼͼȣӳˣ
صħȻ͸ħԺԡ
ҶȻعоϢѰһоķǿϢǸձԼնɱˣҲǿߣҶȺȻλŵ˵꣺
ǡǡǾħǣ걻ǰͻİŵøϽش𣬶ԷħħնɱһǸ֡
ħǣ
Ҷóһ̩λͼݵͼѩնɱԺŮǿָ߽еõģóããλ棬ûеͼҲ뷽򣬾ͻʧԽƮԽԶÿԶʧ
ԭֱӴԺɹͷˣħݴ½ʵ̫ԶûдǧͼҪһʱܷɶọ̈̄㣬ߣ
ͼֱҶȣ˵ǸʮΣյĵطֱͷһͬߣʧա
һƬɽˮԵرɽӰֱƿأҶ꣬Ҷȷ꣬ܣӦ˷ɫһɣ˵ʱȫʲô֣˵˵ħ
ҡҡҽط硢ҡȻսľ겻ˣ˵֧֧ᡣ
ŵҩ
ҶȴӴ޽ҳҩЩǿ֮ҲóҶԼ¼ţһŷ롰ط硱ܿ죬ͿȥöˣҿʼɣΪ̾ᵤ
Լʱطֹͣ˷ŷһ̥ǣһһɶΪæҶԣֵлǰ֮طһģǰ֪ʲôһͳͳǰ
ܺã˵˵ħǣȻѾħΧ¸ң
Ҷڵϣһɣһͷ̫¯Ͷ뼸ʮʯʱѸͻָʵȻ£βǴǧͼұضڵϣ죬Ȼǿᣡ
طʵʵվһԣѾħ˵ҶҶȲ֪ħǲԺƿأΪ̩λԺͳһ˭뵽ԺҲֻƿ̩λѡ
ħǣӵħа֮һһΪȻɾ´󽫣Ҳͨ쾳ǿߣҶȲ˼飬һƫԶԺȻд˵еɾͷڣҸ߸ϵͨ쾳ǿߣھħȴʮֳɾ͵ɣ̩λһС˵ɡ
̩λ棬ֻͨ쾳棬طɵͽʿǷһ㣬һСģͻᱻ˷ץסΪūطһСģȥһط̶ץסεħǣһʮ꣬粻ҶȣⱲӾͳˡ
ħԺв򣬺ʹԽԺʿƣħֻ
ħǹȻΣأҺط磬ððʧʧضħǿץס
ʵָ֮ȥѰҴһͬ뿪ħǣֻҪúΪҰ£Ȼ㣬Ҳܱ㰲ȫҶһУԾħ˴˽⣬ֱóҩݸط硣
лǰлط磬طһΪ㰰ǰ󣡡طסҩֹסЩҩָܻʵط絣ĴҶȣתһɭ
ϻ̫ҳǣҪ֪½һ³֣˭赲
ҶȷŲʱһ£һ̫ҳΪԼ£֣֮ҶȾĹԼ̻Ѵǧͼȫ̫ڣһǿУԿɰ˽ס
̫ҳల£̴̩ӹҶ˵һ仰ͷ̫߶ǧͼͼ飬ƿնȥɿռȥ
Ҷ̫ҳǽ꣬Ҷʧ֮УֻҪӵдǧͼͼ飬޾ܻص̫ҳ֮ء
ãҲ꣬ȷֱӺɶ
ʯע̫⣬һʯɵķ̳ɭ֮ڡ

̩λ棬һ֮С
ɶ񣬾ȻСˣ
һɽۣ֮ͻȻһǿָһɭɭ߳ǿÿռͷ飬գҺлҶһ˿ֻҪٵϢҪܳʱ侫޲׷󷨲ſԣ
Ҷȡ
أȻӵֶΣԿռԦ֮ϣ޷֮ڣ϶̺˿ռ䷨ضķֲҲȥѰСӣ϶³в
ָ㣬һĪĵܵõǼռ䱦̩λ棬˭ȥ·
Ҷȡ̩λ棬ΪҿӣһǿߣĴѰ㣬ǰ̩λ淭飬ҲҪҵ㣬֮ǰҪɣ
ಡ
ƺ㵽һЦݣת֮С


233 
ôǧͼռ䣬ӾħңԶصݴ½ҲҪʮңǡÿʱ䣬ָʵ
ԭǧͼǳֲֻҶΪ̫ͣӲͼҶӵеֻͼ飬Ǵǧͼһõõǧͼ
û뵽ʵ˿ֲһͨ쾳ǿ߶֣ﵽյز
˿̣ݵϣҶͷ̫¯ʯմ̫һ£һʵҶĪ
Խռ䣬ǼʣЩֶβڷˣֻ˲еͨҶܴݴ½ħǣȫ̴ǧͼΪ˵ռ䣬˺ռѷ죬
Ҷ벻ǣ쾹ȻԼôǧͼ򣬵һȻβҶȶ׷ҶȣŪҶһˣһǿߣͶ֮У˲ᱻɣͨ쾳ǿߣһҲȥðգʮʧԶҲ޷ҵꡣ
̩λȻʥأ϶٣ħɽħ˵ɾڣɾϹǰɣֻǰɣѾ֮壬ֻδȫѱΪ˶ѣ˵һݴ½ʮݴ½Ҳƻ
޴λ棬֪ж򡢴½ħּǿߣշһ޷λ˿־壬˵ȴظУȥ̽
ȴ½ۺʮ㲻̫¯Ҳü¾ͿɻָΪҪ½ۺ绢λ֮УӵȻˣҪ뾡취õṩ½
йУ̶һʱ䣬Ҷһƻָ߰˰ˣħǲͬ½˳棬̫¯ʯԵ̫ҶȻָʵҲߣ֮У̺˿˿ԡ
ʥȣԪݱ䣡
λ棬Ͳͬݴ½֥СطλΣķӵǿʵͻطһΪūҶҪǿʥȴԪʼ
ʥˣʮְԵҶȻ֪ȼʥȱҶȼҪԵƷʶҪߣ֮УҲ߱
õʥҶֻ޿ռǱ̬ġ׷ͯӡ³뽻֣ʩչԾ³룬Ȼʱ³ǷɷҲӵи߽ҶԵ˸߽ɣʥжôֲ
λ棬ǿ㾧òˣҶѾڣ÷ȥǬߵ֮У֮Ǭߵͻ㾧ںϣƿ½ʹ½ݴ½Ӷ½нĿԣҶȾҪԣԼɲ½ôСһ½ôҶȾǰ޹˺ߡ
ʱһȥҶȱչ֮ʣ½̫ҳǵعǬߵ֮УͻȻһһ̩ӣͻȻоʲôվһ̼ճһǺУͨзɳ
Ҷ֣ǰ˵ݴ½֮£ŵ֣˶ΪѱնɱҾ֪ల£
̩ǰһɨҶȷҲûʲô顣
ޱ飬һľͷˣ̩֣ھԶľħǣ˷̳׼һ£
ħǣ
Ϊ̩ʺᣬȻɽλ棬̩ӴСͶ̩λָƣҶȾȻôʱﵽħǣмǧˣҶֶΣ֣̩λ棬³ԼҶȣɴλ档
ͷ˿ھħǷħɽ˷ħһλɾǿߣ죬ֶǾˣȻԱλɱЩϣ
ΪܸȻֻɾʵѵͨ쾳ʮأ
Ȼֻһ仰ѵ׷ɱҶȵΪǿߣ̩֪Ƕô֡
ֵ̩λ潨˵ǣп϶дǿߣҵ˶Աбɱ֮ģϣϿȥһӦ԰취Աʵǵֻ֣ݱܷâһƲߣ
죬ȻûкӹҿʱʱѾǬߵ޲ԸӦû⣬ͬʱһмɱﵣǸ߽һͨ쾳ȥ޻أ½ʱǣ̩һؽӡӡģһ˿ֲ
ǺãѾ½̫ҳǣ̩֣̩ʺᣬλȥħǣӦòɣ
ⲻ󣬵һָЩֻ̳Ҫ㱾µķ̳ӡұɣ̩תգһſʯŷڽĳִַǷҲף֮

ħǣħɽ
Ȼһ̩Ӳ̩ʺᣬ̩λ԰Ͳ÷ʩչǧͼͼ̩˼϶³ǧͼĲˣ˵ϳǧͼ
ݵϵҶȣ΢΢ۣ˿ȥƣϢѰƺȫһλߣ̩λ˵ɾȷʵߣ
̩λ棬µūһͨ쾳һɾ֮
ֻнɸ߽ףǣҪΪˣ𾴣Ҫͨ쾳ߵᱻΪϱ
ʱӦò̩࣬Ӿﵽ
Ե϶ʮӴڶ˵ֻйھħƫԶлᣬ첻ӵɾʵ
ʮָУҶȲָǰߣֹͣһһôߣ϶ǲΣΪӪʮأȻӵͨ쾳̩λ棬ͨ쾳ֶֻѣȴλ潨ǣƾһ㣬Ϳɶ϶첻򵥣˵ʲôܾͷ֧֡
ҶȾھħǣһ֪϶ɱϾħǣħȻɾͷҲһ˵˵ȥҶ̩λߣǲܵ¡
ҶǽͷöҲˡ
ʲô£֪طܲܰ϶
ȻҶȵ꣬طһԼҶͷż㵫ȴҶ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦӻ֣һû£ҵﲻˣ˼һλѻˣ뿪ħǷ뿪֮ȵȣģһȫ֮أ
ط֪طʵʵصһԣʼ˼ϸ룬һࡣ
Ҷȱ۾һȴ̩ӵʱ䣬㣬̩Ӧþ⼸쵽ȻҶȸӦ̳΢΢춯
̳ǰ̳Ϸճһɹռ֮ҶȥҲᱻ˲ΰλ֮ɾǿߣҲֱ忹⣬ҲҪ÷飬λ
ͻͻͻ
ʮ֮󣬷̳ʼգ֮һǺг֣̩һдһɹɿֲλͨ˳ͻͻͻÿռ𶯡
̩֣
Ҷȼһۼ̩ӣӭȥȻһ¶飺̶ʮ죬û뵽̩־Ȼָʵ
ٶȻֵʲô˵ģ½֮ʱԪ½ֱȲɽλ棬ҪָɾΪҪǧңҵõ̩µĲ뷨̳ڰڣָܻ۷壡
̩֮󣬷̳֮ȫ飬λ֮˽ȥ̩ӻ˫磬ܣǾħǣȻħݺᣬǸʱħһλħֵһɸ߽Ϊʮǿᣬݺ޵֣齨ħķշ̩֮У½κ飬ǵʮϸ
ħɽˣħҲһλɾǿߣҲλħ˽ģҶȵĵ
Ҳ
̩ջϸЦݣħҶ֣λħûбֱǱңȻ޷ڲڵԵôݱ䣬϶вٱҾ˳Ū֣
ð취Ҷʵû뵽̩ˣΪˣȻҲ˻㾡
̩ӺȻ뵽ʲôҶȣˣԴ˵£Ҿһֱ룬ʵһְ취ӣڵƤ֣
Ŷ
Ҷһ㶣ϴ
̩Ӷʱ渵Ҹ춯ʮʱ䣬ԺָƣԺԺʮ涨κѧ໥ɱԼκɱ¾ǳϣҲΥԺ棬ȻԺ֮ǣʵδ޵ɾԺͲֻ̫ҪΪԺѧͿԺΪôҲò˼ݣͬʱҲԽԺУһã
û뵽Ժ˿̣ڵѧҲҪԼţ˵ȷڱףҶʮ̾
̩Ҷȣ£ԺˣҲʲô̶֥ѣȻŲô˼Ժ棬أ뾡һа취Ϊ㣡
ģֻҪͨ쾳ǿߣκɣô̩֣Ժ£ȵ˵ղ˵ҪõħΪ±ȥ죡ҶͻȻһЦ̩ӡ
ԣԣ
̩ҲһЦᣬҶǼô뾡ֶεõˡ


234 ħ
ħɽɳħǣһɳɵĳǳأǳκνϵµƽ¥ǽֵǿʩչͨɳɣɳħǣھһһϵľ޴ǳء
ɳħ֮У̺ħһħԲʳ֮󣬻Ϊħṩɳħǲѱ䡣
ɳħǣǹ񹤣̩֣µòɳħУйʮֹħԣ͸ĪǣһǷ
ɳϯ죬ãԭҰŷһɳκʯʶҪɳ绯ɳ£һƳǳڷ籩ģһɽ̶ɣҶȡ̩ӡطɳĮ֮УӰܿʧڻɳ籩֮С
̩Ż磬סͷ¶һ˫ͫһҪƷǳ޴ӵħԣɳħǣΪ
ɳħǳɳħǷħһԱ󽫣Ϊףͨ쾳֣󣬼۸ʮָ߰
˼һƬ籩һߴɳǽǰسħһ۾ͼˣħϢ̾ʮһħСӣľ޳ⷽ׺ݶɷط
ħһɷɱ˲գۣʵۣʮֽթһھǴʯͻᱻҸֽڹ̷̷ɳħǣһȥħ̷еõٺô
ž޵Сӣط˲䣬¶־壬æҶȽҶҪעЩħ
ȺɳΧ
ħСɱЩ˱һ޸ͷλź׵Ĵ󺺣һ֣ħ̰ҶΧ
ˣЩТλү
̩ӲɫҶȷһץǧƷʯˢˢط״󺺣Եʮֿ¡
״󺺴һץʯץ֮УһͻȻЦܺãƾЩ֤ǲɳˣֻ֤㲻ɳˣˡ
ȻҲɳˣүҶȵһЦӴ޽ץסһƷʯ˳ȥ
ãǽǰɣһҪʵʵ򣬶ǵɳ˹ʮħʮ⣬ץסƿޣȻÿһҶ˹ȥ
˳ɳħǳȥԲɫֱ֮طźݺ˵̰ģôʯ
ȥǮ֣ɳħκʶɳɣط磬мʯδͷãպãǾڴ˷ֱ𣡡
֣ӽֵϣ洦Ǹū̶ӣʿħһһʿ߹֣һرصıӪǰҶóһö䣬ط硣
棬ǲ뿪
طʮ⣬Ŵһʱסˡ
ʱ뿪ԺԵټҶʮָɴ´䣬̩糯һȥ
⡭
طס䣬һֱĿҶȡ̩ʧȻĬһǲؽӪ֮С
̩֣㿴ħ᲻Ѿǿأ϶ħֵ
һҾ¥ڣҶ̩ܴ¥һϢһƻħ֮£Ҷ˵ħ϶֮أħɾܣͨ쾳Ӧˡ
̩ƷҾƣһħӡڼؿ϶ħ뷽跨Уķӡ˿δħΪɾͽף޷Ʒӡǰȥ϶ܵõٱħôСӣҳҪ£ΪãڽԸ׽̴ʿƵ
Ҷһɲħɾ˵һУһնɱԼңӵдǧͼɾǿ£֪ΣиûףҶѵħ϶򵥣СΪٴΰħһ飬һͨ͸ٽȥ
ã
Ҷôһ㣬̩Ҳʮ棬̱ĿʩչֶͨΣڿӾħΪؽأħ
ʱ̩ۣ֮΢΢һЦȷвǿأ©Ҳа취򿪷ӡڲвٱ˵ֵһᣬԷ˵ȴ󱦿⣡
ҶȿЦã̩Ųۣ½磬ҪԸ׽̣϶ԽԽãˣ׽Σ
߼ɽλ棬ӵλ棬ȻҲӵɡڽ̡۹ȵȣ׽ʮأû֪׽ڽͽȴɫ̩棬ҲУҲɽ粻˽⣬֮׽̷ǳأΪߣȫûк³
̩Щε˵ƺ׽̺裬˵֮͸ŵɱ
Դ˿׽̵ȷҰļ󣬲õɽ磬һͳ½磬ͳλ棡Ҷ̾
̩Ӻ˿ƾƣյյĿ磬Ŀɳգ½λ棬ֻšѧԺѧԺΪڣѧԺɢɣɽ磬ҲѧԺѧԺȲڽ̣ѧԺɢڽȴɢɽӵвڽ̣ʵǿֲһڽ̣ӵʮڡڽͽ
ڽ
̩ôһݣҶȲŴ׽жӴ󣬲ˣͳһͳһ˼룬һ˼뱻ңǾͲԼǱ˿ƵĿܣɡѧԺֻɢڽ̾Ȼǿ˼롢
ʵڽ̣˽ģУڽ̾а̣һûʴڷһȴ˼ɽ½࣬ûʵʲôǣԺ֪ɽ絽Ǹʲôطˣǳɣ
̩Ϣһ󣬱㳯ҶȵɫҶȸʾ̩뿪¥Ŷ񽥽ʧС
ɳħֻʱ䣬Ѿħһ֮󣬾뿪ɳħǣħ½ȥ
ħʮ־޴󣬴඼ǻ֮أҶ̩ӣҲǾУڲŷɳħɽħ½ھħɽԶһƬϹŷ֮ϣҶ̩Ӵӱзɳ
ָ̩ſͷķ˵ħ·ԭħͳεĳǳأħȨеأϧݻǸħǣѾз绯
ͻͻͻ
Ҷͷ֮£׵Ȼһ̫ҳôĹϵңڵķżǿ־Щ־ػǿ
ջҶ־ͷħǱԴϢϢħɾħǼλͷأֻӡ֮һٰ꣬ѷӡ֣ʱԽУ
ħԲõķӡĿǰ޷ȫ͸ʲôֻ΢΢ӦȥɣѾҵͻƿڣ̩ӳҶ׵ͷͬʱ͸
׾룬ʮعһ࣬ʱһ͹ħڵ˺κ¾Ǹ߽ɣħҲ˲䱻նɱ
޴ħ˿ڵһڹϵ󷨣ħӡһԶŷĹ͸ŲɣϢӡȥʯ
ƣ
̩ӴҶӡ·̩ӻһָһ߼һƬѩڷӡ֮ϣͼȫӡ֮Уִ̩ϵķӡӡʱɢһ˾УҶƵġ
Ȼɾȴ󣬼ֱһ󣬾Ȼ͸ԣٻȫ룡
һƬڰգҶȷħ죬˺ͨ쾳ǿߣ̩ͷһرˣӦһǷɢġҶһɨӡ͸ŴԣȻܱգΪɶ
ԣֻˡʯ̺ر½֮Уֻʯԣ޷ԣֻɾǿߣԣҶȾȻôۺԣ޲
̩ӵ̫磬ǻڷӡ֮УϾͻ谭㿴öħ
Ҷ˳̩Ŀ⿴ȥֻҲϷ֮УȻӡڼƵĳ˯ħЩħߴɣ󷨻ûɣһ󷨣Щ˯ħͻһһѣ˵ͨ쾳ɾҲҪɱɾֶͨΡ
ţֹ첻˼󷨳ҶǰзڵаҲиֹأϸֻ󣬲ӳ֣ǿֲ֣̩ӵΪֶ̺ΣҶȿ϶Ϳˣֱǵ
ϧЩ󷨣ΪָͿ԰ѴȡԸ׽̴ʿһ󷨣ڵɽ𺣣̩ӿһؿֲ󷨣ʱְ̾
ȻñħٷڣͣҶ˿ϾҪͻƷӡħ
û뵽ħ滹ֶⷬΣֲõҪշȻµɽ
̩˫ͫͷ⣬ƿԶԿɾ˲䳯ӡĲȫһ


235 һľ
ٿٿٿ
Ҷ̩Ӿ񱻿ռ伷ѹ羮һ㣬ӷӡӡҶһΪ˵Ĵ
ħ
̩ǰһƯڰ˵Ϻ޾ȣƺǰ澰˾ռߡ
ҺڿռƯһڰ̫ҳô޴ǳѾһħħǱԴΪһ壬ͿΪҶȵõһͿԿħǱԴ
㾧ʮӵдбԴ㾧ȻɣǴһֱʼ𵤣ʿںϵһ֣ħΪħǣѱƳǰħǱԴںϣǰӵоħǡ
ҶȸƬڰȫΪһ壬һռ䣬ɳ̾ħȻǿᣬ޵˵õΪ
̩ɨķ΢΢һ֣Ҷȳڰȥ֮ܿϣ˵ûʲôãҵĵֻϧΪ̫ͣɾ
Ҷȱΰϧ޷ǿϧ̩أŸǽ̩ˣȻ½֮̩λ˵ͼӲʲô
˵ˣ
̩ҶȲ糯ڹȥԹطٴսңжٹ鱦ɢ½磬һЩӵԵķҲ½ѰҴУ½λ֮УӵϡصıԵ˶λĻõһǲܵ£Ҳпܣ
⻰˵ˣӵеľָʥȡǧͼЩ䱦ҶȰͬ
֮ħһѪս
ͨǽڹ󣬲ŷһжΪ˷棬ĹǽǿӿӶʱܿһ߾߰׹ǣש洦ǣֵʯҲ˵ڵϣҪ֪һשһ߶ǷȻһƬ棬ɼжֲ
ôúñɲҪ˷ѣЩʬǣӦöǱħնɱǿߣҲɾǵĴ䡭
ҶааЦ̩͵ͷòҶĴָ˲ƣһ˿ɲң̩ҲЩ˲Ʊ뷢һɾǿߣǴж÷ҲһвƸ
òңͷ­ժȡʣһӣ
һ߰׹ǰûͷ­ҶҲ˼ֱӰѰ׹ָһö߼ȡ£ֱ޽䣬ȳȥ֮ٺú޴Ƹ
꣬ʬ廹δʬ͸ŵԣӦףһӦס
̩ӲҶĴչΣ·һ߾߰׹Ϊ⵹ҶһҲɸ߽ǿߣʷֱʬΪ
һʬǣħɾǿߣڱһһնɱǾ񣡡
߹빬ҵʬǣõö䣬ջ޴󣬶ɾʬǣҶһ޷ĸо룬һѾĹڹ룬Ȼһϳʮķ̳
̳ʮɸߣ̳Ȼ͸ԣҶʯֱʯɣʯǼƷʯʯҲʮټı
ҶЩŵҡҡͷô̳Ҫһȫʯܽɰɣ
棬ӡżƷһǵƷӵԣҪƷϧ󷨷ӡһʱ޷ƽ⣡
̩¶һʧҶȷϷ̳һ˲䣬ڷ̳룬Ȼһλ۾ˣòűͿգֻʣֽźͷ­ڷ̳Χ߰׹ǣЩ׹ͷŵԣҪʬǿࡣ
Ȼħ棬û뵽ħûзǱնɱڴˣ̩֮۹϶˱ңħӦҲǱɱ
Ŀںʬϣ̩Щ룬ǰλˣħ棬̩ĸߣɵҲûзټ̩ʣԼ֮С
ö䡭̩֣ĴյʯȫˣҲ취ܲܰѷ̳ӡ⿪
ҶץǧѷᣬʬǴȡߣʼȡɢĴʯһſţһ飬뿪֮ǰ̩ħʬ壬ҶҲû˵ʲô̳ȥ
ϧ̳ⷨзӡȻȫȡ
ڹķҶȴչθֱ룬ħ̩߶꣬һ֣ĵöٱɣҺô޽ռ޴󣬺ƷʯҶ룬бôѱ䣬Ѵﵽ۷״̬еʯӵеԡ
һשһ߶ǱʯֳǽƬҲʯɣҶȿɲЩģȥĥ֮Ȼʯ
ţоʬǣʮɸ֣ɱħһˡ
һɿڣһӣһʮֲͬİ׹ǣ߰׹ͷǿԣҶȹƣӦ޵ɸ߽ף֮Ҫӽֻһ֮ңּǿ߶ħϣίʵϧ
һɣϧϧ
־Ĵ䣬ӵеıѰ
ƵһҶԾӵףֱȡ°׹ָϴ䣬ǰ֣޽䣬߰׹ǿԣǿҵԣһǱɣ
ӵǰԵʬǣ͵ڰװһɾҶȻŹһҶ𵤾ͻӵиǿʢԣȡһ塣
ѵ
һ׹˲޽䣬ȴһľͷĶʬǸλõڵ棬

һ̣ҶȲܵĶǺԿ϶˵һǾ챦뿴ʬǱɸ߽޵оͷ뵤ĶͨҶϷľָݶǿߵ˵һǷǷ
ǿľ
ޱȼѱУһȻһľͷһѸ绯ľͷǧٿףƤһ֣ƴСīɫûһ˿оκ֮
ǿ߿϶ӳ⣬һͨľ뵤
ҶȾϸϸһ룬úΣǿߣħ桢̩֮ҲǳԽڵ
ע
һץһ̫ľȥڸոտľһ̣̫Ȼ޷ٿľ֣ľ߾ͣסҶȲŻ·Կ϶ľȻ
̫ûãôԶûпܣҶҧأֻм̫⣬̫̺˲ԣһѹľݣ̫Ҷļľ
ˣ
̫⾹ȻҲ޷ľľһصϢȻϳ֮Ҷҡҡͷܣ̫̺ԣ־ǰʲôаħҲѹҪ̫֮£ڣȻ޷ѹһľ
Ҷû뵽ֹ춫־޷ѹһֻһľѣҶ˲ףľԲѰ֮̫
ȥûҳľ
ҶȻ˼ûľҳҶȺȻأһǬУˮľľҵѪˮһľա
ҧָһɫѪγɣȻҡҡ׹һµľϣ
˻˻
ľһ޶ԣһͰɫѪ룬ţľͻҶУ˹ʵأ̫죬Ƿݹϵѹޡ
ľ֮УȻ̺һ˿Ʈһһŵڰħһ˿˿ԣһ̫ôһľΪ̺
һ̣ѪľںϣҶҲܵľ֮ʮµһϢҪȫľ£ҶӵĿǰΪ
ľһ򵥣ҵľ㣬磬Ҫҳ
ҶȰľ뵤ľһȻų̫ȴҲյʼǰų⣬Ҷɫһõľ֮£̩֪ʶ㲩ΪˣӦû֪һ˿˿ܿԼҲҳ𰸣
䡭
ͻȻڰŷ˴ضҡҡ׹𽥻Ϊɳ
ô£
ҶȽ쳣ԶŵһʲôҶȾͻźڰһͬҶȿ̳룬һ̩ŪĶҶ̾û취û̩ӣ޷뿪ǴǧͼҲ޷Ϊﲻλ棬󷨣һλɾõĳ󷨣ѸϿռ䡣


236 ħ
Ҷһͻ̳룬Ϳ̩ӾȻħڰգħ׷ױ˫֮УУڰҡΣ󷨷ӡҲڼ֮ǰֻʣŲڼš
ħɣ̩ӰħȫȻӡֶ̩ΣΪ֪߶٣
ؾҡΣҶܣȥӡػڵЩɾǿߣ϶ɱ
˿̣̩ȫȫħ岻ͣһ̩Ӱ֮壬ӵеͨ춯أħ֮󣬿϶ﵽһָ߶ȣҶ˵ʱڱס
µ񣬱ϿҶ̩ྴϵҶеף̩֮ĿǰֻǺϵ˵Ǻ˵໥øУ̩ҪԸ׽̣һ֮ѳҪǿԮ޿ɺǣҶȾ̩
෴Ҷȵ졢µȵȵˣҲҪǿԮҪ̩ӳ䵱໥ãȡ˹ϵ˵ʲôͬʹ࣬и֮ͬͬĻֱЦ
̩ӶҶõķñգҶȣίߣͬʱõ̩ʱ⣬ú̩ΪԼֽѡ
ħ棬ԭ޵ɾŽףһͻʮףһɣϧʵ̫ˣ
գ̩ӷһ֣෴һƣѹƬգƺҪħѹ飬Ȼ꼸ħ徹ȻΪ촷ۣһ㱻̩ռ֮Уÿһƾ͸ıһ֣Ʈ
˾ˣֱȡϧ޴̳ӡ֮δ⿪ٿͻƵʮأɾҪӡͻɾ֪жգжྪ춯أ»λ淨ɣ
̩ϼӳ֣ҶҲҶ˵ͻɾҲʮ֮䣬ɾɾɣ̥ǣ̤ƺ쳾ٿ϶Ǿ춯ء
졢¡ʵڡ᰷Լص׽̣ЩˣһҶ˵޵дڣҶĿǰΪһҲвֻķݣͻɾͲһʱɾ϶޶ֻ֣Խֱնɱͨ쾳ǿߣʲô᰷ڡ¡ʵͳͳǵ죬ҲٿҶȣ˵նɱҶȡ
ڣ˵Ǿռ洢ͻɾһͻɾߵԶҷɣ
ʮöɾǿµĴ䣬϶ʯʯ䣬Ҫһ̳ӭɾ
̩ܵǿƣҶȸ̩ӻָɾΪ֮ǰҶҲҪ޵ɾʵ̩໥õıǮ˭֪̩ӵ޵֮󣬻ԸҶȡ
˭룬˭ڶĶ˭ǶҪҪѪ⣬ɸʬ
䣡
ͻȻһײСԵħķŭӷӡ֮⣬Ԩ˽ӡײ
ǿϢоȵҪǿᣬȵǿٱһɾǿɱ
Ҷһ亹ɾƣҶ徹Ȼѹ΢΢ɾ־˵ãҪ֪Ҷ棬ûָоҲ沢δͷƵԭ򣬿ħ֣ȻΪħĴղ˵ˣǾǿߡ
Ҷ֣ҪżӦþǷħһΪﵽɾжΣʲôҪʱܣϾħ
ڴ˿̣̩ӴոҶȣƽҶ˵
û취̩ӻҪһʱ䣬Ҳܰװ׵ȥԣǾɾǿʬǣβôԣ
գӴ޽份ǾΪɾʬǣʬǸճ֣ǿʢԾâɢ˳
Ȼ߽ԡ
̩ӷħںϣ·𾪣ͷһû뵽лôһʬǣ̾һ
߽ףֲãȻΪ˵ã߽ףɰִеȻǲˣȥﶼеʬеĲԣȻȲʥȣȴܱҽָҪǿʢö࣡
̫˲ܵԣ̰ʬǣҶֱղԣ̫̺̫⣬־պÿѹκԣҶѺдǧͼͼֲԣκ
ԽҶ壬ѪҺ֮Уǵ𵤣ǽ𵤣࣬ʿԭڣ̺Խ࣬ɻԽ
ղԣӶõظı仯徫ӣϳԽˣѪŨȲѱ䣬ͷӳ֣ҶѾͬȾʿ򱶡
ʥĪģԽǿ󣬾ѪԽŨʹʵԽǿٶȸ죬ӵˣɾ͸ߵ壬ˣҲõѱ䣬˷˵͵壬ԣȷ̫Ǳء
һֽ̣ʯɴɣϵ̫Ϲʱܶλֻǻʣħֵɫɫ岻ҽӵ͵̬Ϊߵ̬Ǳӵ
һжǴ޵Уγɡ
ѱΪˣԼУҪΪϿǱҲУޣͨӵõͨУΪߵ塣
ԣڶҶ壬ҶȴѪҺһѱ䣬ëϴ裬ȥʣŨȡ
СӣлҪ׽ֱȡԣתԷ˸߼ѳԽ淨򣬴Ҳӷ򣬼̤򡭡
֮ţȥˣ޷ǾǵõϹ汦Ӷһɳ죬˭˶ܣҶȣɳɣܸı䷨򣬾Ƿı㣡
̩ӼҶֶͨΣȻЩ˵ֵһᣬɽ磬ʲôûУҶһȣʲôҲǣҶֱԣתֶ֮λΪ⡣
Է֮ɸ߼Ҫת򣬴Ʒ򣬻ҪһǱѰ֤Ҷɣͨ쾳ǿ߶ҪԵŨʹﵽͬѰĵز
˵ҶѾӵ˲飬ﵽ֮׶ΣΪֻ֮ſֱȡԣɡɡɡɡͨ졢󾳽磬ֻ޵ɾղԣΪɾǰɣҲɣͨ쾳¾磬ճܴ洢ԣԣҲﲻ̶ȣ˫£϶ֻһ³
ɼҶ֮У̺˲顣
ʱˮһʧʮ죬̩Ӿ޴СΪƽģħѷ绯ͳͳ̩գϣ񲻵ԣ
ħ̩ӣǣҪģ
̩֮Ѿַӡ֮ȥ㣬Ӧħǿн룬²һҪ֮С
̩֣ħɾǿߣ϶Ƕ֣ʮΪϲ߰ɣ
͵һǸ׹ǻΪĩҶջϢվһΣȻ̩ߣħͻƷӡһ͡
ħκβңǾ˵ˣߣ뿪֮أ
ಡ
̩ͷź֮סҶ˲ӿȵķӡ֮У֮ǰҶȷ̫࣬󷨶ƻ֮Уʱ쳣ڿ񱩣ɾʮ
̩ħ֮ʵκΪˣڿ϶˼ӵɽ½ЩЩͼ⡣
Ϊ̩ˣҶȲһ޿ֵģ̩Ϊˣ϶ӡ˵ɱκɾĲֻã̩һֱڸ֮
СǱ뱾ɶǿɶ񣬽գҪǣ
Ҫͻ֮ʣͻȻڳһɰſ죬ڿֲħ̩ҶȺʱȻΪɷ˽
̩һУʮȤؿɷħ֪ܣǾħǵһħ֮һССħµģ
ô֪ǵһħ
ɷͻȻ侲ԷȻ֪쳣ܣ֮Ϲħӡģ̩λ棬ֻһ֪ǰˣȻ֪ݿ϶򵥡
ħҼҲޱ֮ˣӦ뵽ʲôɣ֪֮Ϊһħǧ˿ϵŲţ̩ӳħƽħĪ˵
ħɷצûйϵǲ㲻ͬ⣬ôһǲŹǣ
̩ɫһħϧû£ȱԵ֣Ұħ淨̳㣬̳̺ħԣһΪħ壬Ϊ޵ħ֮ʱҾͻٴ㣬ҪҳΪЧȱһ
ħͻȻʵ㵽ʲôˣ
һ֪ȥһˣԹ죬̩죬תǬΨ̩ʡ
ͻȻըһâ̩Ҷ˲ڷħǰʧʣ·ħҧгݣħ졣


237 
ޱߵ򣬹ӣ̩λλ
һҳʮɡɡԼɵսڴʯ֮䣬ʱʯײսսȻʯ÷飬ΪһŻ棬޾ǿ˸
棬ʵ桭
սڲʮƽխС䣬Ҷͨ͸׾濴̩λһĻĻ׳澰ʯ򡢴½ǰŷֿɼԶߣ̩λ棬ҶȸоԼһ΢ĺɳ
̩ڱʯĴϣʮУǰһŴƯʮʯսģ̩ӿҶȣҡҡͷַսɽʮձ飬սͼģеľްԣô󣬵ȥɽ磬ʲôܼˮεģзɵģܵģ½ʲôУ
ӷħƤӵ֮ûҶȷ񣬾ͷ̩ӼһҷսΪʲôãû뵽ս֮󣬾Ȼֱ˺򾧱ڣޱ޼ʵ֮УֱС
Ҷλ£ֽкãⱦݺ½磬ɾǿߣҲܳʱǺӺɣʯΪûʯսڷƷ
սʯǳҲܳãʯһĹ⣬ս˵˷Ʒ
̩óҶȷֱϣ˼̩ĿĵѾãֱ򣬴Ҫ£ҪչħԱ㣡˵̩꣬Ӿͱ۲ˡ
սȻ棬ڣУҪȥݴ½ͷʯǾǵҲҪùʣ½¶Ҫ١
Ҷʮֺսսʮָӣǧ򣬸ѧһҶҲʼһ࣬ʼ鿴ħõʮöָ浽ûô౦
зӡͳͳƣ
ʮöָ֮УָǰµķҶΪͬ죬һͨͨأɾµķӡʲôһɨͻͻͻһƽ⣬зӡȻ޴档
öʯ纣֮࣬Щǿ߲֪ǰռӶٲƸʯܹݴ½ôӴ󣬲˼飬ʮšϰٿʯŻôʯ֪ܲɼ˴ʯ
Ԫ񿴵ʮöָڵӴʯе㼤˵뿴̩λ򡢴½ǰȻϰʯӵôʯҶڲƸֱǸɵйɻҪֻ࣬ɾ߽ǿߣ²ҶȶԱȲƸ
̩ǸʱڵߣЩָˣǰӦö̩̩۹󳼣ҲռôƸ
ҶȼһĻʯҸ౦ʯʯʮȻֵȲʯܺͼֵʯ࣬Ǿˡ
˱ʯиֵҩؼԼֱöָڣȻھװǰһ۹󽫾
䣬ҶȸӦһǿս⣬һöָɢģҶȽһסˣΪɶΪľװסì̵սꪡڶУȫװһССĵ۹ЩװƷ࣬Ʒ٣û½ֱӿ̫ҵ۹ӵλ۹ʵ
Ҫǻʸһ˵ĺܣҳװи־ؼöָʸ
ҶȰöָպãʣ¾öָöϵƷöָм򣡡

һɹҶԪ񣬾öָУвпռöָһٶöָټټҶȲ㾪гƺƷҶǰ
ʯȻҲв٣Ҳʯǰ̩ӸöָʯҶӵʯҲ٣нʮʯ
ô֮УʮͷرǿϢȻʥȲ£ǲ˼飬̩ӹȻ˵Ĳ½֮Уȷʵӵвٺñ
ЩϵǱԺٸ֡ǣϧͬʯʯԣҿֱգӡԣǷҪԣݻеӡһͻˣҵݲСԣؼ̫ͣͻͨ쾳ɾӦþͿֱе
ôԣҶȺ޲ȫ֮УϧҶΪ̫ͣôֻռԺͻƸ߾ٱá
ջǳ޴ֱӴӳ˴Ժٵʯⷽ棬ʮǲˣǷأջĻǿľ
ʮöָ֮Уһж֮Ҷȿʼ࣬ʮöָƷǬŲƣȫ޽䣬޽ռһô󣬶䣬ˮ׼Ҳ½
ȫƷװ£޽仹ǿտҲԪȫƷ࣬ʯʯҩй鼮ʯԼһЩ֪һһ£Ϊһտǳأͬһȫװȥ
ʮŰѴ޽ãڿȥһ⿴Ҷһ۲޽ڱݴ½ɱҲֻܱһС֣ҶԼ۹ɣ⣬ֳɱ֮
ľʲô
Ҷһʮʯ̫¯죬ȫãһϸĶŵǿľĿת´ȥǿľ֮к
ܶԿ־ľһ㱦ǧͼ޷ȡ
ÿ̫ⶼ޷ѹľǸҶȣȻ̫ʧȥһ㣬һľ޷ѹ̫Ҳȥ
֮Ҷ뵽ٴɣ޴϶񣬵˭֪֮УжڣҶں㣬ܵõ̫õ󴫳УѾ֮У񣬵λôҶȶȥ룬ȻõУлǵÿԼ
νʦţпˣ
ÿ˶Լĵ·˲ͬͬ
ľҵľѪľֻ̺ľҵ뿴ľ֮Ĵڣߣ̫ⶼѹ㡭Ī㻹ӵжԿ
ȫľ֮ϣȥֻ뵽һ㣬ҵ̺ıľԴݿľ괺Ϊ棬ԴľܶԿ̫һ̣ҶȾָоľ϶ҲĴڡ
ƶ˵ûһƣǰе죬̩ӣҪõǿʱãˣ
ϸּᶨ飬ҶȻعŤͷ׿ȥǺӷŷһɳʮ׳ۣǾөǺӷ裬ܼһŽһţһԲ解֮䣬ʱʱһԽͨ
ЩͨʵǴ֮䴩ͨǺӴԽһ̫žǿգ񷡣
ĪǰƬʮɫ򣬾̩λ򡭡
̲סսǰǰȥһƬӵǰޱ޼ʣԽ룬Խ⣬ƬҲ˰Ө⣬һſűʯ
ޱߣȻǷֳƬ־಻رԣûԷָش򽻽紦ԵЩڶǺӣôѤҫۣһɫ˿
Ҷ֣ǰ򣬿սʾӦûУҲ뿪սϹǿķǲ㣬Ӧսͻ᳹׾ɾǿߣ
֪ʲôʱ̩ѾҶߣҶҲδ
ҶһһƬƬӫ⣬֪Ƿǲ㣺ôҪøӦǲ㡭Ӧֶΰɣ
̩ӵͷԽԽһƬ޴ɾֲ֣õǲ㣬ֻˣƽǲ㣬ɾʮף޷
Īǣ̩λˣҶ棬֪ݴ½˵ģ̩ͨӵ죬֪𰸡
ȻУЩˣЩϹŶٴʮ꣬ѹ½磬̩λﵽƽ⣬һԽλͻɽ磬ЩȴȲɽˣΪ޴ӡǵֱӱ̩λ淨ʮ֮󣬻ǻữΪ̩Ǹʱвˣ̩ҲΪһһˣ̩۹
˵̩޾ζĿҶȣΪ̩λͱЩˣСС̩λ棬Ӧв٣ûʵ޷Щŷ
ֲ̩λʷ֮ϣ̩һˣͳλ⣬ˣԭΪЩԭˡ
ҶĬĬ̾Ϣƽ̩λ棬ҲΣķл̾ǱˣʲôһͷţԻ˺̩λ档
֪׽ĴʿˣһڰķѰҴʿ̩λЩǱڰˣҲܲ׽ջΪʿʱλٵʱ̣
ʱ̩ЩģͫĿ⣺֮Դʿûдٶȡ̩λ棬ΪЩǱ˴ڣ𿴴ʿԸ߼ɽ磬½磬һҪӡﵽ̩λƽزһʿ̩λ汾Դˣʵ£ֻӲʩջˣһͳλ棡
ҿɲΪ
ҶȵһЦУȴɱķ뵽塢ˡѣ͵ƾһ㣬ҶҲԲ׽̵óѡ


238 Ժ
֮Уǡ
Żһž޴ʯ̩λ棬λƿնһλͷںϣĻǣ֮Уһ޴ӵмʮķϽԺͨƫƧ
ƿػǵǡ۹۹ƿߣǵλʯΪ˺ᣬҡ
һȼ壬߸ϵĹ壬ͳһ۹ʮ򣬲â۹Ტ۵ġ
̩λԶûкҹֻа磬Իʱ̣ʿ飬ڼơ
һ֣һƬͻȻѿֱֻ֣˺ռ䣬̩Ҷ⻪棬ռƽغ£ûбǿ߷֡
÷򣬺óԪ
֣Ҷ˲侪ˣһʮɿԽΰҸûʣ׺Ÿֱʯв¥вٳǱЩǱ޴󣬸״ڳ룬һ̧ۣܼһĳǽ
ΰϿղʿػѲߣʿһ׼շУڴϣҲŸ޵ʿһɾΪûɾʿڣɼȨж༯С
һɨҶȷֳдʿɾɾ٣ͨ쾳ǿϢҲв٣ڴϺѲ;ҶȻ̶ֵӷūۣൽޣҲС
Ҷ̩ȥ̵깺һЩֲԼϸܣ˽һ˵۹ֱӴԺ
һҸûʵľ¥ڣҶ̩ڿ䴦ۣ˼Сˣƣһԣһһƻ
˵Ǹ½ӣѩ֪ǵãŮǿɲҪСƣǰøսѧԺͰһλʥλѧܣ
ɣѩһ𣿡
ٺ٣Ϊãûһ㱾ֵܣѩת֮壬ȻʥλѧѾвٳڿΪӣԻڴǳ£
ǸӹĴڣѩѧԺֻµݴ½˵죬и£ʲôˣ̶֥
ʱµ۵꣬ˣɸ߽ףһ˾Ȼͨ쾳ǿߣ˴һģһңϣݶ֣򵥣һⷨ
λүԺǵŻݣ
һλСǰʼ¥ˣĺܣõСѡ
ĸԺѧ㲻
һ¥ϣҶȾע⵽ˣݶ֣Ͱϸû뵽ﻹѩϢŽѧԺŪһ粨ԸһԺһƬأ
żʱ֮ѧﳤȥڵҶ̩׼뿪ʱԱ߿ˣһˣϢƸովһս
յģȺԱǳ˲¹ͷҺòնɱ׷ʥ֡ȴȺԱı˵Ҳˣߡ׷ʥ֡ͷ­Ҽǧʯң
û취۹ԺΪԺѧͱ뿴ɫ£ֻʵڹ֣͵ĺôȵȥԣ˵ͨһؿˣֱȥԺһؿˣ
ߣҳΪԺѧ֮һҪֻؽ֮ܣ
Թصȴ̫ţƺھʲôһԣһ䣬ȫԹȴҶʲô
ҶһֱӰǸСֹСһҶΪȴûǷ飬Цʮֻе͹٣ʲôҪ𣿡
ϵʲô𣿡
һץҶóһƷʯϣС̱ʯ˲䣬˲赹ˮĦ㵽
Сղˣô£ҶȲɫֱóʮƷʯʵ
С渵ү򵥣ÿ֪Ǹոɱ۹ֱͨ۹ЩٵĿһѣΪԺѧҪʯģ
ҶֱóʮʯϣγΪѧԺѧһҪ˵
ԭҲǱԺ
СҶΪҪʯүΪԺѧʮѣԺȻʮֿ̣ܹأһأڱȻΪ۹ɱһͨȻϴʯܲμӵڶأүвӢ۶ڵһأ۹ЩԱ֪̰˶٣ԩȵȣһأڶؾ͸ѣԺһֻҪ񣬾ܳΪѧС˺˳ɹһʮܳɹÿ걨ߣʮ֮࣬ǾҰ
ˡ
֣С뿪Ҷȿ̩ӣû飬ʵ̩֣һͬԺԺԳΪָʵı
̩΢΢ͷãҲģǱԺ£Ҳ޲ɣͻɾٳȥѰ汦⣡
߰ɣȥ
Ҷվ̩ӳ¥ȥ¥һ㣬֯ò֣Ҷ̩ӣΪףûκ˹ע̩λ棬ֻͨ쾳Żע⡣
⻯ЩУʱڣǴλ׹һƷҳԣԺǿɱȡ
ڴ֮УҶһ·һСĴУ̩ȴһģȻһаЦؿҶȡ
ƷţǺö
Ҷ󣬺ΣƷֵɾǿ˵ϱ⻯ӵһƷ϶гͷأϻƨɣϻŸƨҲܰͨ쾳ǿɱ
̸Ц֮䣬ѾһӪǰ⴦Ӫƻֺ룬ʵɭɭȫһرʯƶɣƺƶ½һǳǰӴ
ڱӪ࣬һͤкһŶӣһԣиָʾһϸҶ̩һɨһֲǵڵһؿ˽š
ȷʵˣʮƷʯȽãȥɱͨȥѾͰװ۹УͨҲ򵥣ͨ쾳ǿߣ඼ɸ߽ףԱ˵ȫȣڱУм˻ͨ쾳һסǿߡ
Щͨ쾳ǿߣЩС壬ǿԼ޵һʵʿͨ쾳ΪȴֻܲξǼ̶ӵȵȣλߣʳǣҲ𾴣мˣƫ棬õȨֻһ취ǳΪԺѧ
һΪѧǵλȫһԺѧԺҲԴݣֱӼ۹Ϊ졣
Ժ󲿷ˣʵǱ뷨ΪѧӵеλȨֻмٲ֣Ϊʵ
˱ãȡɱҲЩͨʮթΪֻҪ˱ѣκηöϽͨ񣬼ɣҲᱻЩԱΪѣԸֽեȡֵ
˰죬ֵҶ̩ӣҶóʮƷʯԱԱҶȵЦԭܼ򵥣ҶȲΪ
һ£Ժȥݴ½Ҳɾ춯ԪЩӸ磬޷˳ΪԺѧɼΪʵǳɶԱȵġ
ЩԱΪҶȣ෴ʮ·ãԭ򵥣ǰͲøҶ겻ǰװǮӱϣżܵͣʵߵס
֮һ仰ʯҪҪ㹻Ĳ㹻ʵȱһɣôʵûǮݵͨգܾǮ۸裬ϸߣȴֱٵĹԱòֱӴѹգðջûϡ
ЩͨһѡãͲܸı䣬Ƕཻһαѡ
ãԱָһͨľʵ˵
򵥵ģɣҶȿһۣѡ˸Ϊ׵ͨס߽׵ֵͨһᡣ
ǹԱЦЦͰһ׸Ҷȶͨͨټһ
Ӱ򵥣ּô㽻ңӦҲǸӵֶεļһ
ҶͷϢȻһɵ˸ҶպƣһԵȴ̩ӣȴͨӰ
߰ɣ
̩ϲмһˣûС
Ҷ̩Ӳ뿪Ӫ֣ҶȵҪɱĶӦЩֶΣףҲӵ߽Ϊ
̩˫ͫʮƽĬĬȺ֮УڣʮƮ죺ֶΣնɱס߽ײѡ

̩ô˵ҶǿЦãҪնɱף߽׷ЩֶΣǡӰ϶ӵرֶΣ类ɱĻװͷϣϿûڱҪڱҲ˸ֱˡ


239 Ӱ
ǣڶȺ
һƬ磬һ״ɽɽ֣鲼ɳ֮ϣطŷһԣɽֺ׶γߵĺڶȺ˵ǵȴûˮոȥ׶δɽƯںɳ֮ϡ
ڶȺʢһ֡ʯǣڻϽ֮Уòǧٹ֣ص̺ʯԶַ̺ѵõԣ̶̾ںڶȺūھʯ
۹ƿźڶȺκ̶ӡūҪӰѹأʯΪʯòԭúڶȺΪɳ뾭û֮أЩɳˣ֪̾ںδû̶жȡʯŪþ̶ӽͷѶ
һɳˣͷΪӰȻɳ֮Ա࣬أֶθһ־̶ӱ⣬ײᱦŪ̶ŷɥķǮӶŶԸӰûץӰòӰͷպա
ΪڶȺɳ֮һӰ˻۹ͨͼ۸ߴһżƷʯķǿߣǿɱӰȥ޻أӰټҲѰ
ߺˣ
ڶȺգһ֧֧Ԧ޵Ļ۹ЩǸ֣һΪһӣƺƵѲߺڶȺҪĿ󳡣̶ӣԤɳ͵Ϯ
˿̣һӰǻڶȺƮٶȣ̴ӲõӦ㣬һӷ޴ڸͷһǵսѸٰΧס

ͣƬ˲仯ΪΣҶ޳Ӱڲ֮£ͣóƣʱһʿǰȻɱɳ˲Ӱ
ƾ㣿

ʿЦ죬о仰һͯ˵һʿǰҶȫЦһߣڶȺΪɱӰӰʲôˣɳеļƷˣǿ߶û취ǰһСӣԲѡ
ȻӰ򵥣ںڶȺɳʮֺУӰһǼѶԸ
ҶȲɫһЦȨԷ磬ЩʿһһУҶȴſЩߣȷӰһöԸԲӰΪ˵ͽΪڸֵĺڶȺ㡣
һλĿࡢ뺷ĽҶȺȵСӣҲкĿģеƣǡڶӪϽڶȺҪͨϷɣݣϷȻ㣬ɣΣ
ҲȥҲҪܵģЩöϣϷɣ
ݻǣҶ֪ǰ֧ʿȫնɱһץһöֱӷཫ졣
㶮£СӣڶȺ֮ڣɲ̤֮У򣬲˭ڶӪΪūߣ
һɨ䣬ʱüչЦƺʮ⣬ķͷҶ˦һݻߡ
۹ȷǳǿƫԶϽʿǸ߽ɣ춼ɣһͨ쾳ǿϢ
ŨЩʯϢȷʮϡУƷЧҹ㷺ŵص׻г˯ꡢɵʯҪܵõһʯƷ̳󷨣ٿնɱɸ߽ף½ô͹
뿪֮ҶȲûż뿪ͷϼʱ䣬ѺڶȺûѰɳ˲Ӱ١
ڶȺʮ־޴󣬵Ǿ޴ɿ󳡣ǧūæµص磬ɳʵأʮּ̣Ҫøַھ򣬾һɾǿҪصףҲҪķѴſɣҵصÿԶһƬӦ㣬Ӧǻ۹ڶӪõӦ㡣
˴ʺأ
֮󣬴һ׶δɽҶҵһĴɽɽһɽȣҶɽ֮УһһպڶȺԪһ׷ٲӰԼ֮УֻҪӰһҶȾͻᷢ֡
Ӱǲ򵥣޴ڶȺȻֲ˲Ӱϴ֮أֲŪúڶӪͷѶȷʵöԸ
̩ΪӦھӪң
һʯھ֮УҶڷպڶȺԪ̫¯֮У̫಻ɣӿҶȵ֮УһУҶһӦ֮һһľӰһ֣ҶȻϷԺ뵽̩ӡ
Ҷ̩ӱ֮һ֮󣬾͸ԷֿѰͨ䣬ҶڶȺ̩֪ȥδ̩Ϊͨ쾳Ҳɱ˵նɱͨ쾳ǿߣ̩ɱκͨҲֵ
ţ
ֹʮ죬֮еҶȣͻȻۣ罣һ˷ջأڳˣӰҿǺη
һΪһԪҶУǰ˲ȥڲƲ֮Уٶ֮죬է࣬߿շҲ֮һҶȻش󲿷ʵҪȫԸֱա
ǲݴ½ǴΣӰ϶öԸҪֽܳκ©
ͫɱ֮⣬ҶסԦŷȡ

һƴ쵹գռʮͷޣһһնɱʬƯգŷûһںɳԭ棬ʮµʬ棬ѪɺӣѪɳ֮С
ݡ
һ⣬ͻȻһ֧֧գ˷ʮѪ˼һϯЩǾַƶɣһ壬ܶ˲䱬ը
ɱ
ͻȻһӰ绮նӰٶ֮죬֮ڿƮȥòֻӰһɳ˴ӺɳصԭͲڵ£̶ӡ
̶֧һٶˣŷޣӿ󳡳һ̶֧ͨӶѣǣȴڰ·⵽ɳ˽ɱ
ЩɳѸײڶ֮ƣϸ̶ֶӣЩ̶ӳԱҲɵͽ׸߸߽֮䣬ʮͨ쾳ǿߣȻɳ˴䣬ĴӴܣΪǿͨ쾳ǿߣҲͷӴܡ
͡
ͻȻ䣬һĻˣʮӥƵĺӰͻأ͵֣ƿնֱӳһλλͨ쾳ǿǰŵͨ쾳ǿ߻㼯һ𣬱ʮɽ¸ĺӰ
ɳ˲Ӱ
ŵ麹ŲӰٹأΪߣһͨȴǾ춯ء
ұ𾪻ţǷѣ
һλͨ쾳Ľǿߣ΢侲񿴳Ӱߣָһݼ˲ɱߵӰͨ쾳ʵ£ߵӰ̫С֮⣬̼ͱ𡢷ɱ
󷨣
ʮӰ䷨ָּǱͨ쾳ǿ߷ɱߵӰȻٴᣬжһŤεĺᦣÿһӰͬʱĬĬ߶ط䣬ʱһŤκӰӺͷţһһγʮͨ쾳ǿɱ
С
λͨ쾳ǿ߲ٿ־壬ΪԵǿߣȼգ׷׼Ƭռȫգκųʣһ˲䱻ʴ
ͨͨȥɣ
մһ쳤ХֻιӰγɵĴȻͨ쾳ƿ֮ų⣬Ϸ֮С
á
һ˲䣬Щͨ쾳ǿ߲ȻѣعȻƿ֮ƣ˵ԷϵĹ깥Ҫǿʵ쳣ֶβġ
ҪҸ
ڴ֮󣬿ûж󶯾ǣһͨ쾳ǿߣ˫ͫ񣬷ŷܵ䣬Ǳʲô壬ȻһһԾⳡ棬ֱǶɷ졣
ʮλͨ쾳ǿߣһʼɱֻҪһ£һɲǣŻָ⣬ϧѾûΪλͨ쾳ǿߣҲ޷ˣͬԾĪԼС
ֻһûʲô󶯾һλλͨ쾳ǿߣȻԾʽ˶Լɱ˷ʽʵ˷ʤ
ںԴأʮɳΧһ̶һɱʬֶμ̣Щɳ˶ɱ˲գ۵ﷸͶӰһɳˣ׼û
ȫɱ⣬һ
һӰӰʧǵ޴ӰգӰȥһ꣬˫棬ӥֻӥǣȥצ޷ơ
ںڶȺ޷ɳˣӰ
ףȻԽʮնɱͨ쾳Ľ׵ʮλͨ쾳ǿߣֱ̬ҶȿҲȲϣǿޱȣǴеĲӰ٣ȥӰ
鱦֮У϶һʯ
Ӱһʮͨ쾳ʬָϴ䣬ָͨͨ룬ӰӰ˫ͫĿ⣬һö䣬һչӴɳһɫαС


240 ɱӰ
κɫֻаƴСɫда컨ƣƾһط䣬ֱУʿʮֳһѹķҲ㴢﷨һࡣ
ӰһѶ鱦УһץռΪ֮һ鱦иڲӰǰǿƿţӰײĿ̰ǳԣʹﵽǳֲز
Ķ֣
ڲӰȫ鱦֮ʣͻأִ֮һѸײڶ֮ƵŲӰ棬鱦סȻûռ֮Уʧ
˭ҳ
Ӱûϵ˸һڶʳ֮װױ˶ߣӰײҷŭس쳤ХɢӰа׾޴
Ӱ۹ͨգնɱģ
ҶƿնڱӰԹֶΣնɱʮͨ쾳ǿʬԣǴһץʮʬץ֮Уһһɵͨγһ״СͼйڲӰϣԼһߡ
ԭˡ
ӰȻߣ⻹ͷһⱻûбŭ֧侲ϸ룺أȻܲڿռ֮Уҷ֣СӣΪȻȴӵзǷֶΣ϶߷û뵽˴ô
ףնɱͨ쾳֣ӰȻ򵥣һֶΣҶգףûãҶƣиˣû뵽ɱӰܵõʮͨ쾳ǿʬ壬鱦У˵һ
ҶͻأҪۻ׼ӭɴ٣ͨ쾳ǿҶıҶʵ޷նɱͨ쾳ǿߣܵõôǿʬ壬ҶĿڼ֮ڣͻɾ
ӰͻȻ칦֮ˣŻ۹죬һ죬ڶȺٸƱֵ뿪ǣɿ
㣬˯ͷӰְɣֶΣӦòڶί߰ɣ
ԷֶΣҶһ֪ҪӰֱ뻢ıƤֺˣҪʬҰκβ컯ҸɱӰֻ·һֶΣԸ߽ͨ쾳ǿߣܡ
СӣģȻˣҾͲϻҪɱ㣬ȡһУӳɣ
Ӱʮ־Լ˼ȻҶȫ͸ɣҶȴɣòӰһ޼ƿʩ뷨ĲУӰָĿײаԵѪԣĿ׹⣬޲ðҶȰƤ
ڲӰ£ҶȵϸһӰֶΣһ׼Ӱ֡
һɣצ
Ӱɷ޴ӰŤΣһӴצӰ֮кݺƣҶѹץצư磬иûһ˿ɱ¾Ϣ෴͸ŵ˳˯־
ϣӰһżΪ׺һʿʤԲע⣬ͻᱻ꣬նɱ
ƣ
ܵڤڤ֮Уһݽǿ־Ǻצ֮ͷţҶȾͿӰֶΣͷǿԪ־̫ҽֱӳǺצĨɱȥ
䡭
צײ֧飬Ӱ𾪣ô£ҵȻƣ
Ӱ֪ܣԭһֻڵ壬ֶΣӦ츳ͨ깥ɣֻϧҵǡÿ㣬аǶħҪѹ
һ̣ҶͻȻӲӰǹУõӡ֤Ӱԭֻ̺֮˰ԣҶ̫ԭѹһкڰаѹơ
СǸ̥ղһȻ⣬أܻΪҵĹ
Ӱʮ𾪣ǲɢӰ֮УӰͻȻֻһа˵ĺӰЩӰֻһźζɣ͸ſֲӰ˲ҶȰΧһԲӰеڿӰ
ӰΧˮйͨһ˿з죬һ˽һ಻ҶԴҶüͷһЩʼ꣬Ӷ꣬Ĩɱʶκڲ
Ӱնɱͨ쾳ǿߣǿȴպñѹƣҪҵ꣬Σ
ܵ񴥵㱻﹥Ҷͷ̫ʥ̫֮գ˲ɢ
ɶ񣬾ͨ쾳ǿߣ޷Ըҵ츳СӣĹ̥
Ӱ͵һޱߺڰȫӿڣΧҶʮӰʼͣȻͻȻΪһڰ
ЩȻ̺ǿֻܷ̬꣬ܰʵʵֵز˼飬ͨ쾳ǿߣҲһ
ӰԸңҾѹ꣡
һӰΪһ쳤Ҷ˲ܵǿҡ˲ĨɱķâԾ֪ԷҪʹɱҴ⣬һץһ̺̫⡣
СϾȻ̺ʥϢⲻܣΪλʥϢֱǣһҪɱСӣɳȥ岻֪Ҫˣ
Ӱͷŵʥ⣬͸оԼһͻ̻ΪҽѹȻʮ󣡡
һؽӡڲӰ˫ֲϳ֣ɺӰתĺɫ໥ϣʮΣҲͬϳʮ֣ȻЩʮֽ໥ϣγһ޴ʮֽ
˷ʮʮ󣡡
кɫΪʮֽȻʮֽ֮󣬲ӰһץΧкӰ֮У˫ֲϴطӡһʮÿ֮䣬Ȼ̣ܶȴǧٷӡ޼ӳھ޴ʮֽ֮ϣʱһɺ֮ƿ־Ҷ׺ѹ
ʮֽХһ̣Ҷȸо޷ƶڿռ䣬ȫʮֽʮλͨ쾳ĪɱҶȾһĺ˫һ֣ѹа񣡡
һ츳ʮֽһ磬Ǹ߸ϵѹڰ̫⣬һײ
ͻͻͻ
Ѹѹ£оһֻţ̤ƺ쳾ߵɽ𵴣·ʮֽͻȻӿٶȣСͷž⣬ʮֽ󣬾Ȼһɵʮ־޽ȥ
䡫
໥Ħʮ־޽ײʮ־޽Ȼϴܼɣռƣγɾ޴ĻĻ֮£ƿҪʧģ
ݡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ȼһ¥ͷʥʥ⣬ʥһ֧֧һаƣ˲߽⣬Ӱǿʢ߹һ鿪ͬʱ·ʥ⣬ֱʮ־޽֮ϡ
͡
ʥʮ־޽ḯʴֱ죬ʱʮ־޽ʼһ鿪䣬ٻ
͡
ʮ־޽ͷŵʥһ̣Զʮ־޽ĲӰ͵ǰ㣬һѪ˫ͫȻȫѪ죬ֻ֧ðѪ⣬˻ë
ܣҵ츳δܵʲôת̺˴ʥ֮
ӰײӰٴչһΣȴһԳ򣬲˺𣬺ͷŨӰһ˲䣬ɱ𣬳Ϊһֻ߰ɵľ޴ڵȫںڣֻ˫ͫѪɫ
ǿ󣬲ӰӵжԿ߽ڻΪҲɾŽ
Ҷ̧ͷŷŷһɽĲӰһѺ΢΢Ӱʵ̫Ӵ
࣬ȥɣ
ӰڵͻȻ͵ĴצͻʳӥץҰôӰֱһԾ£Ҷɱ

Ҷû˿ԥԲӰ񣬿ɾŽ׵ǿߣҶȸУʥǹǶ֣ҪɱӰֻʹ̫⣬ֱĨɱа
ǡ
ӰͻȻ޹֣ʱ־ܣһжǹʼȼգһ㻯Ϊҽ
ɽᣬôһ΢ϣ
Ӱ߲󲿷ֱɱɾ޴һźڻҡ
͡
һʥգһն׾ٰѲӰͷ­նűһߣʣͷ֮ŹȥͨͨΪҽ
Ӱɱô̶ӣһӵзǳƸ
ڻҽƮʧ˲䣬һö£ҶȴһץѴ£Ȼת޾ա
ϴˣ
ɳˣɱʹ죬̶ˣһʱǸܲӰϢʧǳ׵ʧһӴܡ
һ׷ɱӰ
ʱշڶӪǿʢسɳ˽׷ɱ


241 Ժ
ǣǳء
磬޾£һжɾһأھӪǰ̩ҶȺ߹
ҶɱӰ֮󣬵ϵ̩ӣȻ̩һҾ¥ȺҶȣ˼̳Ӫ
ȫ˲飡
Ӫһλλ޺ɭɭ亮Ҷ̩ץƣԱ
ȷǲӰ컢ʬף
û뵽ӰȻǿߣ
Աڲռ֮ȷͬ޷׵ģԱƺ˵ЩʲôĿǲƳҶȡ̩ӼۣһֱӶ˵ǵĴ䣬ҲɣвƲǵ۹Ʋʧ
ã
ҶȾȻòǣֱóһö䣬̩һͬϽʵ֮ǰҶ̩ͰֵǮȫ£ǲӰö䣬̺ʯƷ޼֮ҶȰʯ˳µĶѰ
ЩԱ̰ƣһ֣϶ᱻһɱ
˳ӵȥƮǡʸʱãһ͵ޣʱڴ˾ۼȥɣ
Աõ䣬Ƭ̾ͿдֱһʺƣõôֱӸҶȡ̩ӿ˷
Ҷ̩Ӳϼ޻ʲôռˣ˵뿪ӪȻԱһҵһҾ¥Ϣ졣
ʱƬ̾͹һ죬Ҷ̩׼ʱӪͨʿ顢Ӫһ̳ɭϵľӪ룬˷أЩΪͨ쾳һ
٣Ұи֣ǾӪ֮أǾתվͨŦҲӯߣг뻯ʿգҪϽá
һδͣ۸ʮƷʯһƷʯȻ۸˰󣬵̩λּ۸ҲȻԵ򣬴ͼ۸Ҫࡣ
ŶѵҲȥƮǵģ
Ҷȡ̩ӸԱ߾ʮˣһΪǿߣˢˢ˿һ¶ŷҶȡ̩ΪΪ񣬳
һͣƮǣƮһҲԺʮλǿҲҶȡ̩һͨһزԣ¶ٮٮߡ
󲻵ˣϡȶâǴǿٱ
ĬĬԱ£Ҷȴѩâǣʶ󣬲ǰȴʮΰ׳ۣŷͨأȥ֮ۡ
һϽƷʯȻͿʼ
ãһλǿߣ޴ڸͷһ֮ϣһӣʼж
ôһ
ǿߣֹţʮֲֲҴйƷʯϽ̤ϴҶ̩ӵ͵óʯϢ˻ϣһʮˣǿ߽һطӡ󣬶ʱ󷢳̶һȦȦ񱬷̼ƾվߣʧ
գ۾޾ǿգһƾĴͨǿմֱΪ財Ʈǡ
ͨڣλػҶȡ̩ӹʮ˶飬ƽ洫ͨǺӣӭĿ⻪˶⻪ȥĽϣڴ
һƮǣԺѧƮʮô޴Ȼں̩λ˵ǵһ򣬵򣬼ǵһ򣬶ԴḻԺϹǿߣΪһ򣬲֪컯λǿߡ
ƮǷֲ򵥣⵽ڷΪĴʥأʥءڵʥءʥءǬʥأʥԵҲģǳԺǵȼµѧڵʥأǾǸ߼ѧʥֲͬޱȣǬʥأֵֻӣʸӵеǵҲҪԺˣһѧԶûС
̩λԺѧȼͬһ׵Ϊʥλѧ׵ʮΪλѧͨ쾳һ׵Ϊλѧ׵ʮΪλѧ̤ɾͳΪλѧλѧֻǴ˵еĴڡ
̩λ棬ʥλѧλѧӵһȨһΪλѧһ򣬿Դһ۹һλѧԿԳΪһ޳λѧΪ֮׾٣ΪһҲڻ¡
䡫
ʥƮǶһƺľɽۣ֮һƻֺĹɽҲΪ塣
ʥظѧĴɽ֮һʥظԺճ޾ϸѧǴ£ѧԺ֮ÿѧϸ
ڣһȻǴ󻹾޴ʮĴ֮ϣӻǶʮһһ֣ԸʲôȻһóһΧ۵ѧҶȵţһһ´
ǿʢֱȻǿʢٱʥأԺ
ʮ뿪󣬾͸ܵڲͬԪֱһ£մԪ꣬޵ɡ
֮£ŴƷҪԸ׽̣ǿԵõЩԺȴЩʵ̩治ֵһᣡ
̩ӺܿƮǿôţҶ뿪һڵȴ̩ͷȴ޷ƮƮǷӡȷ˵á
ҶȴͷһѧԺֱֲӻᱻĨɱҶĿǰΪ͸Ժռ䣬ֻ̽ʥأڵʥҲ롣
Ժʥؾʹʮ־ˣҲô޴ʥؽΧԲΣռƮ֮һаɽɳĮȵȣѧ洦ǡ
Ժѧʮ֮࣬ʮʿôֲƮǣʵϽҲʮּߵġ
λǽ֮һڤλѧ
ʮλǿڹھ޵ȴЩˣ츳֮ͨˣҶ̩֮Уڣ磬ͻȻһȺѧһλƳ۵ĿһɨŷȼҶȵ鲻Խվ˭ҷ
һƳ۵ڤȻλѧ֮ͨϲλɼڤλжߣ˶ʵʵ֨
ڤһ֣ǿ֮УŷͨһɨѾͨһزԣʸԣҲɣԺպһȥǡáʥˮֻҪһܶһ񣬳ΪԺӡ
ʥˮ
˼ɢҶһӡҲûС
ʥˮһ̺鱦ֻʮֺ򣬲ŻɣƵҩԪȵϱʥˮʮϡ٣ʮֲ򵥣
̩ƺҶɻҶȣѹںʥˮһϣһֲ˵˳
Ҷȳ̩΢΢ͷ̩֣񣬺ʥˮаȻǾͲܰװæһ
ڤɨһۣʥˮʮΣգΣϣԺûм򵥵ģѾ˱ǿѡβѡɣ
Ը⣡
Ȩ
ʮ˷׷ѡʮѡ룬ѡȻЩѧߣҶ̩ӳΪʮ֮һмλѧóӡݶƣʮˣڤһԺڣȥǲ鷳ȥϢ죬Ȼһͬ
ţлѧ·Ǹ߰ɣ
߰˰ˣͿǵģ
ڤ֣ģҵȵ˺ôٲǷݣ
ҶʮȥڤֶһĨ˲һУһ޲ɣ֮ڤ̸䣬ǵʧڤҲһĮȻ뿪˹
ڵĹΧƫ䣬Ҷ̩ӵһһһ䣬Ҷȵ˿Ϣ
ʥˮ̺Ϣʵּ⣬ǿľҪ̫ãúʥˮľ֪ᷢʲô£Һʥˮо޴棡
ڣҶգһ󷨣ʼʩչ̫¯ֱƮӿȵԪ̼䣬̫ԴԴӿҶ壬Ҷѵ۷壬ڿʼѹӡ̫ȵɽʱͷųֱֻͻɾ
Ժȷʥأʱȥµˣڴ˺úһã޵߾磬ʲôԺ˵壡
֪Ժ֪ҲԺӣʲô
Ҷһһ濼ԺǲΪӪÿһһߴһһ˿©ͻ֮ա


242 Ǻʥˮ
ǿ󣬱˵Ժ̩λ棬˭˲֪˭˲Զ
ǣΪͷҶȾȻܵƤӵ£ʵҶ˵ҲһֶĲ˭֪᲻ֱӶɱ֡
ӰǼһ˲ãȻƷͬСɣλѧ˵޼֮½һô½
˿̣Ҷӷ֮У鿴޽ںʯУľ޴ͷ⣬㳤ɣǵƷ᰷ڡʵЩɣҲֻһƷδ
ҶԽһţ̩λ棬ҲҸƫƧ㡣
Ժôɽ٣϶Ҫһ
˲Ӵ޽ɳҶ˫һ֣һӰɳԭһͨ쾳ǿʬ塣
ȥǿ϶쳣գʥˮвᣬһʬ壬ٴʵ
˫ְǿϷָͷʮ˿꽣ʬ֮У̿ʼǿ޴Ƭ̼䣬ҶȸоԼѱ䣬ߣѪҺ衢֮ԵðԵޱȡ
𵤣ɣ
һƴǿ¸СȭͷĽ𵤣ֱӱҶ븹УֱӰǿ߽𵤣ֱɡ
ֱɽ𵤣ҶЩֶΣ˿϶᲻ţɾ磬Ȼֱͨ쾳بδС
һȥʮ˱ѧгţۼн֮࣬ЩˣͬͨŬμ˵ǿߡ
ڤԴ򿪴󣬶꣬ĿǻǣȻ󷨣˲ٺǿſռʧ
ǣһűȻԶƮԶ򣬼򵽾ħ֮룬һλʮ⣬򽻽ɫش֮УЩɫ򣬲ݡԺֲʮָӣڣڡ
һų꺮ƮѩһȥǰããһƬ˾ɽǰѩ
ͻͻͻ
һƬѩϿգռһУһ˳һӰٷɳҶ̩Ӹڶ֮Уһǣܵ޺ֺ壬ȻᣬһϺ
Ҷ֣кܶǿϢѰҺʥˮ
һ֣ƯѩɫգĴǶëѩɪɪ̩˫ͫ侫⣬ɨããأȻҶȴ
ҶȻܣֻоޣ磺ʥˮǺöȻԺֻҪһʣģҵģ
ǰһأʥˮص㣬ֻһʱ䣬һ֮󣬻ڴ˾ۼ
ʮλ۵գػ꣬Ȼ󷢻˳
ˢˢˢ
һλλǿͻʳ뷽ȥʾͷˣƤڷ飬ֺ̹ǣ͸Ϣ
Ծʮ죬ڣһƬԭһȥͷ󺣣һ㣬ջƮŶëѩǰԭȷʵһȺ˼ٳȥ
Ҷ֣ԾǺ֮У˲ǿϢҺ֮Укʥˮһʮصĺ
ĩˣ̩ӺȻʾҶȿˣ̩ջһָ֮ǰҶ˵ʥˮǹɺֵһᣬ֮У䱦
Ҷ۾һŷ֣ҶȫȤ̩֣ʶɷ񿴳Ǻֱ
̩ϸһȻŻǣʱڣӦ֮γɵģ²ӦǺ龫ѾΪıĳЩмôƺ
ֱ󣬼Ȼҷ֣ɴ˳ǣһݣҶֱ˵ĵ
ã龫ȷʵöһЩҪҺ֮µĺ龫϶ɺʥˮ̺Ϊӵ壡
̩ӵͷʾͬ˽һȥ
䡭
ͻȻԭһ춯رըһֱӳ˶ƿմԭΪһ壬ǰʮˣʼϲû뵽ڻ߱ԭȻ󷨣ڵһ£ȥʮˡ
ԺУ˭̤֣Ժˣ
ʱδʧʹӺشһƲ񷣬ñԭڲ
û뵽ؾȻԺУԺɵ񣬼ֱֱԺа塭
Ҷһ·Ӧɫ粻ʮ⣬ԺȻЩˣȥӶԺⲻô
˲Ҷ̩ԥǲԺţֱɱ뺮֮Уʱԭʼһɹ
ûа취Ȼȡȡ֮еĺʥˮɣʧȥʸ벻Ժ֮ǰһУǰ׷ѹЩĸǾǧΪľǳΪѧ񺮱ʥˮǰ϶Ҫðһѡ
ҳһ࣬Ժһֱ￪ɺʥˮû뵽Ȼ˸ҲԺӣᣡ
ҡ籩֮УҶ̩ĬĬǱ뺮أڱԭ֮£ȻһƬ޴ˮʮֹݴ½ôһأ˾޴󣬿ҶȾ죬ˮϷˮ£սٺǿߣ׷ɱǰӶẮʥˮʿ
Ҷȸܵǿʢˮ̩ӵʥˮӦˮ·龫ڸʱգӡ󷨣⴦أǧȷԺӵУ
ţ
̩ҶǱˮͻȻʮֹϢȻƿնȻ֪ˮ̩ӳãְǱ룬ͨ쾳߽ǿߣҡԺλѧ
λѧ
էȻһҶʵ⣬ԺλѧǱ뺮أ϶ΪʥˮʥˮȻϡ٣ͨ쾳߽ǿ˵ô󣬶ڸսͨ쾳ɾôأ϶Ժɾӣʱյĺ龫ȴͨ쾳߽ǿ˵쳣һõͿԷëϴ裬壬ԸӵԣӶ̤ɾ
ѾˣȻԺУأȷʵԺģԺλӻǸ߲㣬õ龫Ϊλ壬ΪɾǿЩˣȫڻңʲôʥˮǻӣѧͻλӣǱУú龫ԺԺ˹ϵϺ˫ֱӲìܣЩλӲϢǱ뺮صȡ龫ЩˣֲʽѧԺץסֱֲ֤Ժкθϵ
Ҷɻ֮ʣ̩ȴ渵ǰһ˵ͷͷǵûκβ֮
Ҷɻͨ⣬ͷڤΪλӣɷλȻκ񣬽רŸѧ
ȻԺҵڻңǾƻμƻߣǱˮ㣡
̩ҶƬ̣ͬʱʩչֱͨƿսˮԺѧ
ݡ
ĺˮͻȻһ̳̳Ȼأ̳֮ϣẮʥˮһſľպ𣬵ʥˮҶһεһ֮С
ڷ̳ΧҲսеѾ뷨̳ԺսȻѧЩˣ츳쳣ʵеͻͨ쾳ԺӣԺڶ࣬Һø֣·ѹ龫
Ҷϲͨ쾳̶֣̩ӵ̩֣ȥӶẮ龫ʥˮңȻϣ
ãҪģ
̩ûзԣ̳ˮʧӰ١
龫ȷǱʥˮҲǳô࣬Щ϶򵥣ֱľշ̳ǿʢȻʹôǧͼͼֱƿնȥ
̩ȥҶиɲ̩֪ľ֮£ں龫ҶҲõĿǰΪǿȥĻ·һ棬Ắʥˮ
Ŀ꣬ʮּ򵥣ľ᲻ʲô仯ҵľ
ǿľҶһֱֻľ϶򵥣һǾıܶԿԣʵڱ˼顣


243 ɹ
λʦáʦ֣Щ˶ȡһκʥˮɱ⣡
һλλ۵ѧǿ߸Щ˸ǻλλѧɾʥλλҲв٣˷ϹΧɱ
ԺЩװװ磬ȻϤնɱλԺŮӣװһģһ
ʱ࣬ȥȫҲ޷
Ҷˮ֮Уôǧͼ߿ˮһսҶȳûͷŴǧͼƿճ̳ɶȥ

ڴǧͼ£̳ӡ֮˲䱻˺ƣҶϢ뷨̳֮Уһſʮɸ֮£һӣѴ󲿷׸֮Уһץľ̳֣ҶȺɷһ֮Уĺʥˮðẉ̂͸ſԶĺԣ
ľ֮Ҷ۾ȴţֱЩ
ľû뺮ʥˮ֮УƯ棬Ѱһľż֮󣬸ںʥˮͨͨΪһ̣ľУ˲һ׺ʥˮͲˣøɸɾ
ȻȻˣ
ҶȼЩֽϺãȻһץ׺ʥˮȫۼһſϿգҶȰľץֱӴϿգȻúʥˮб£ľ֮УʥˮľΪһ㡣
󣡡
һݣľһպʥˮҪ೤ʱ䣬Ҷڷ̳þֱľշ̳뺮γɵ
͡
ھ£̳ذһ𣬶ľȻСһˣ΢΢ǿʢʱΪ̱ľ룬ؼ·ЩȻʼݽߡ
Ҫľʲô˲Ϣ֮£ǿ
ţľȻɫľ괺һҲԺľ϶仯
Ưڷ̳գžľӿݻƱ̣ҶȼѣľѾѡ
ãǱ뷨̳λʦ֣ȥ
ḷ̌ҲֻвǸѣȻڷ٣һλԺλѧͻȻ·̳Ȼһſʧȥһſſ
ˣ϶Ǳ뷨̳Ȼƻ̳λɱ
ʮλѧλѧ֪֮ͨ󣬷׷׸̳ܵ뺮ѱ䣬ڷʧһֱƿɱ̳
ϧʱ̫٣Ҳ̳󲿷ľգʵڿֲ
Ҷȸܵһɹɱ⣬գһλλɷĺѧҶ̴һץľ֮Уת׼ƿնȥʣ¼׺ʥˮҶ˳ˮ飬һֱӳͬЩǿߴȥЩˣȻֱӴһץռѷ죬ʧ
ɶ񡭡ˣǿߣͨ϶ͨ쾳߽ףпɾǿߣ
һλλѧɱ̳ϧһĿģһſſήΧյʲôҲûʣ£˷̳ȫӶᡣ
ɶ֪ͨλʦ֣նɱˣ
ãԨռҲвλʦ˶ҿ֪ͨԺ﷢£Ԯ
һλͨ˽ѧԸ£еӿʼ֪ͨԺ߲㡣
λǿӣûᣡ
ˮϷգǼ׺ʥˮֱЩ˵ʿ׷ñգһһȻԷɳأȥˡ
׷һҪŹ߲һҪͷҵȣ׷
źʥˮ˶ߣѧộ׷׷׷ȥһʱ䣬λٶȽʿõʥˮûüˣͱѧ׷һһж˿
ʣ²ʮʿ׼ѧ˵ԷȻƴЩʿʩչͨ׷еˣܿ챻ѧ׷ϣһһնɱʣЩ˻Ҳʮã
һɱ֮ϣҶƿճ֣ܣͲںΧϢ̩ӻһȿľʲô
Ȳһץǿľ̳Уһ̣һصϢľ͸
ˡ
ͬʱϢȻҶƸ𿪣ҶץסһľϢʼ
ãҶۣһ˼̾ʥϢ˰ʢңȻų̫⣬Ϣ֮У̺һɸϢƺܸܵľ֮У̺ħԡԡԡԡԡľʲôΪλô಻ͬˣҲܼô಻ͬԹаݣľȴںа֮
ħ߸ϵ
ħڰаԿȺħԿ
ħԲͬԴǴ˵еߣħͬԴңľ̺аӲܣ֤Ҷȹ۵㣬ľ
ľܶԿ̫־ǾܶԿԣ֪ǺǻܶԿԣͲܵѹԶԿ־ʵڲ˼飬ľһرԶԿôҽʲôĴڣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶͻȻһ˲룬ҲͷľһӵжԿ־
ľȻų̫⣬ȴǿңľܶԿ־ȴų⣬ľֲ̺ͬľٴѱ䣬Ҿһڲͬ
ȥҶûľκܣľ¸ľҪһʱҲ޷ֲ̩û˰ɣ
ʹôǧͼԽ̳󷨣Ĵ̫ҽҺ֮ǰӡ˴ӳ
Ҷƿһӡһɹɰ̫ӿҶҶĵʱȫָٶȣǺˣԴҶ̤أ֮ߣֱɾ߽ף̩λ棬ͨ쾳ǿߣҶһɣ̫Сͨ쾳ǿߣֻķݡ
ٿٿ
ͻȻգһ˺ЩǱ̩ӣӿռѷ˳ʱҶվߣһ̩֣ûʲô󰭰ɣ
û£ͨ쾳ǿߣ潻֣·磬ûʲô󰭣Ŀ죬Ͳ߳
̩˿Щɫںﾭգһץĳ־ſС͸Ŵ̹Ǻ飺Ǻ龫һһ룡
ҾͲˣǺʥˮ
º龫ҶҲ̰ʮ׺ʥˮ̩ӣ˽֮Ҷָһ㣺ʱ仹ʮֳ㣬Ź£ڴ˾ޣȻָʵǰ㼯㣡
ãԺĴ׷ɱڴ˻ܶâղԺλ֣ҺߵĿ죬λӣͲˣڿɶλ׷ɱܻܲ뿪ǲ֪
̩ͬҶ飬һ֮Уһ󷨣̿ʼ
龫ȻɺʥˮɣǺʥˮٱֹãſź龫Ӧûľкܴѱ䣬ңҲо޴棡
һ󣬿ʼԪȻóһź龫ϸϸȻ龫뵤֮Уľںϡ
͡
ľ뺮龫Ӵһ̣ľֱɺ龫龫ͷŵڷʧ
ľȻ룬ڷѿˣ
Ҷ͵ط֣ľ󲿷ֶΪҽ룬ʣ°ƴСһ֣뾹Ȼһѿ̶ѿƵģ޳ָֻȥʮִ
ȥľͲľ᳤һָģľҵ򣬽ڶԪ񣬳Ϊҵĵڶ
䣬ҶȷѿԼѪ˿Źȴ񣬶ʮֻϸҶһʮѿôһ㣬ʲô
ҶԼѿȳΪ֮ҶȿԼеڶԪ뷨ȷǷ
ҶԵ
ľӵħ顢ɸϢ϶һ㱦˵汦ҪƵڶֱ˼飬޷ҶҲ֪ѿδʲôֻϣ
ʱһ졢һ¹ȥڣɱ֮ϣӰããëѩշС
һѩԭһѩȣʮѧȴڰգѾڵȴˣ˳ѧӳǿߣӳ죬õʥˮѾǰѧ
ʱˣλʦ֣ˣӦȫ䣡
ڣһѧһһѽ˫ѩ˲䱻ɢ׷վһץճһ̷ɹ׼뿪
ݡ
˷һ̣ͻȻԶӰҶ̩ӣûһ֣ûһ룬׼ʱ䣬ʱϵ
û뵽˶
˼˸죬Ҷ̩Ӳ⣬Щ˾ûнҲû˵ʲôѧ뿪ͷͨһ˾У˲Ϣ֮ʧããѩԭͷ


244 Ժʢ
Ժʥأ塣
ʱ֪࣬м˳ɹ
ŻԺѧ֣ȻǺʥˮҪãΣԺӲ磡
Ҳ֪߲ʦηģҶʥλѧܲ˴£ڴ˵ȺһЩ£
ΰ󱦵ڣʮʥλѧ뼸λλӵϸϸּΪͷı顣
ڤʦˣ
ͻȻһæܽţһȻһ۵ڤһϷŷɵĹ飬鵭ͷԺ׺ɣݱ䡣
棬вԾĸ֣վ̸ҡĥһǳɣ̺
һԺλǬɹ˲׺ɣ޵Уһεۣݱ䣬ɶǿкۼɣһ飬Ȿ飬Ժ飬¼Ժһѧ¼ÿѧԺһ£ܵϴ취ӡԶ֮С
λʦܣһţгУ־뾫ѾĥȥǳҪѧԺ乴Ķǣȫȫ޵ҪΪˣҪǿ־
ڤǰ࣬ŷʲôͨ͸ͷ׵ƣһƬӣ̺޲£һͷţضѣ³٣ͨ쾳߽ܡ
ֱ棬ڤһѵ⣬Ϊˣλѧڤࣺ߶ӡͷ
ǣʦ֣
ЩѧҿڤѵúƢһ͸˪ӣ᲻ͷȴֲа߶ҪǸұԹͻܵԺԺ𷣣һԺ棬λѧҲ޷أ˵ϰ仰
̩λԺɷҲԺ棬Ժ޾ϸϵ¹涨һԺ棬Գͷͷ쳣ϿٵԺ棬Ժÿѧµ飬һûݣ۹ϣͨʿ
͡
æµ֮ʣڴͻȻ⣬漴״һڶռ֮
ৣ
˲䣬һʥλѧԽ˳ȻҶȡ̩ɹʿգԲ˷֮ԱǼڤǱԺ飬ӰͲס
ǹһʱնᣡ
˴֮ƯΧһʥλѧϴͬӡٶȡƶһģһǺζش󣬽ƽϢκ춯һ˲ʧһۿȥƹž޲ûκβͬ
ϲλؿ飬־ʵĥԲԸΪԺһѧԱӴ˿̿ʼҾǵʦ֣
ڤʮλʥλӣҶ˱ʾףأҶ̩ӣ쳣޷ѹһȥִ񣬶Źģʮ֮һʲôΪԺѧ·һҲΪ
ھԺʽ
ڤ˫ָ߸飬ĬĬ߶ңԺλѧڤԺӭˣڣǷͷԼϢԪͬǣʼɣ
Ҷȡ̩ӵˣһһչΣͷԪһĻˣԪΪ뱾һģһʵĴڣǱϹͷŵİǣ
Ҷֽ֣֮ţ򣬽ȥᱻԺ׷٣ĺ޲֮أǷɽ磡
ʥԺʽ֮ʣ̩ͻȻƳҶһٶûκ˷֣ڤҲδࡣ
ҿɲԺΪҵİʯãʱһССԺң
̩ôһѣҶ̰̫屾ԴԴɣ̫뱾ԴиԭԴ̫ȫںϵģ̫ҶҪգȻᱻ׷١
ԪԪӿи룬¼ԪʵǶһѹͷӡҶһ£̩λκν䣬ҲᱻԺ׷١
һ˵ܱ¼ӡһҶ̩˵ǳԺ޵ˣɽ磬ҲӵԺԴߵ޷ѡ
飬ռѧꡢԼ޳壬ĵΪ
ᣬԺ֮Ժ飬Ӵ˿̿ʼǾԺѧ
ʱ֮ҶһֱĪ֪ԺͻȻһƮ˲ۣطַŷһԷۣ֮зһ⣬κβֶһ
ߣССһ飬ңʲôҵõ汦⣬ʲôԺҪҺ
ͻȻ̩΢΢ζ֮ͫУ䵭棬ԭ֮еʶͷ־Ҫ־黹壬壬̩ӱɣս
ˡ
ڤϷƯգΰе飬ͻȻ΢΢ζһ£ڤһô£˱ԺԺ֮ղǷ춯ô£
ⷬ춯ڤоʮ֣һο춯ڤȻһĨ⣺ˣ쵱ԺʽʱҲһ춯һԣʱ˵ɾͷǷϣΪԺһţɾи߽ͨ쾳Ϊ
ѵ֮Уᵮһţ
ڤ˼룬Լŵ뷨̷һһɨҶȡ̩ԼˣûϷκʲ֮κκ쳣Ϣڣֻ˵ȷ̺Щܣܵ˵ʵ
Ѿ޵õͳŲþҪ޵ɣһԭ춯
΢΢ջأڤϻָ׵˿ȥռͬԴʱƿնȥڤͻȻһץץУһָֻͻһ⣬ճҶȡ̩Ԫɵ壬йÿԺһ
ʽҶȡ̩ӡԪ˴ӽʼǱԺѧӴҪԺ棬ܴһɣҪװ˷ǧѷĻᣡ
ڤඣһ䣬ȻһӣӰ˲䱻Уڤ˫ֹ뿪ʣ󲿷ʥλλһһ뿪ֻλӡ
λѧаͼĳۣһҽܵʥλѧȿˣʱǿԳƺΪʦ֣λǺʦ֣
˺ɣ鹧ֵʦ֣ʦ֣
ȿλʦҲûмӣΪʥλѧȴ۸ѧԱȿ˵ղֻԺʽһҴȥԺʵԣȻȷǵȼ֮У˿϶ӵͨ쾳ʵ˵ٴμ棬ҲҪʦ֣
⻰˵ĲҶޣ˽֪ٶͨ쾳ѶȣҶȵ˳񣬲֤ʵе־ıԣ˵ȻȿЩλѧҪǿһأȻλѧ
ԺѧУһ㶼ΪߡʡǱʮֳڵţУͨؼʵǹ˵ѧЩѧʵ඼ӵλλʵ
֮𣬱ЩѧʮͣҶˣǺܺõӣ̩ӣնɱͨ쾳ǿߣȻλѧȻȿЩλҪǿ̫࣬ȻѧȴûѧǱʳڡ
ѧʳڡһҲһʱڣȲѧǼǧꡢ֮ѧͻԶԶѧԣԺѧλԶȲЩ߰ʳڵѧ
ԺԺѧ֮أѧǿԼԺѧѧԺʮرѧԺ֮һ
ȿᵽԺ˼ˣһͷˮҶҲ֪̩ƺ֪ûпڽͣ෴һλ˵
λʦ˵úܶԣԺǱԺرѧԺ֮һѧһǿԼŬΪԺһӣ඼ܵǿߣǿɲҪˣԺڱԺ֮УųѧԺҲΪѧûбԭɣλʦֽ鲻䲻ȣ²ؼ
ʦ˵ĺܶԣʦ֣ʵԺûʲôų⣬ΪˣҪر֣£κ³ȡ裡
ȿѼˣΪĮҲһ⣬ҶȵˣûʲôãǾͶȥԺʵԣԺУ̣Ҳ߰ɣ
˷Żȿˡʦ뿪ҶȴûʲôӦԺУ߲ʡ


245 
ͨ쾳ס
ۣǿʵԺʮ꣬ǿһλѧ
ԽȻһ̾һ½ѧӵͨ쾳ʵȷĴڣˣ̤Ժͨ쾳׾㲻ˣﵽסĽʮϡ٣˵ס
ףλ۷壬λֻһ֮ң̩Ӳ֮ͻף̤λѧô̩ӳ״˹ء
ȻǸͨ쾳ףԺ֮ʱҲסף㼸꣬ûֹ̩ӣȻǸ
ˣѾ֣Ȼʦģ㸺𵽵ףΪѡҵȸǣ
Ŵλǿߣһһվһ˶ʯ챮ָһʯ챮ʧڰգ˴λǿ뿪֮ǰװ̩ӡҶȼԺЩ˶Ͼ˲
Ű˴λǿ뿪ЩֵʥλλѧԽԽ࣬죬̩ӣٲҶȡ
çͼ
ʢǰ˵ЩʲôȻ΢΢ǰһĨͳһһͼçɽϸͼ꣬ǧ飬ʢçͼе˸֮⣬ط֮أԼȼѡɣ
çɽȷǴݴ½Ҫ࡭
çͼ֮Ҷһ̾ʥأԺӵƮôһ򣬹ֲԺ֮ס
Ҷʦѡͬһʦ֣⴦ΪЩڣڲͬ
˺ܿѡȼƥĵĴϼ֮أдСλѧȻҪλѧҵҲشλѧȴ΢ƫƧҲʮֳ㡣
ʣҶ̩ӣָ̩çͼһҰشʮ־޴һʮֹرĿһ۾ָ̩ܿŴ˴ʢ
ʢ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ͵Ǽ֮ȣܾǰ콵һʯڴ˵أ˺Ȼݲݽߣ󱳱ԺɾλǿߣѾŰʯŪߣȻݲϡ˼֮أ˼֮֡
̩Ҷȵͷֲ̩̾ڲͬ
ֻԺçɽ֮һֱʽ룬˭ҪôһԴݽ֮ΪʢЦ
ʦ֣֮ȴӴԺΪҶʦܵںʢ̩֮Ӻԥָ֮ȣն˵
Ŷ
ʢʮ⣬ҲһȻʢ˵ķǳ֮ȸǲΪģУһ꣬ʲôʢһȰ˵̩ʦܣ֮ȲʺУɣΪиطѡѡ֮ȣû˿ô
ҶһʢʮкøУȻ˴λǿߣҲʮŽᣬʢΪʵģҶʩʦ֣лģģ̩ʦһط֮Ȳʲô԰ɣ̩ʦ֣
̩ͷҶʦ˵Ĳʦ֣ҵȷһطԵռ֣иܴ֮󣬵ҲֻҪֶͨͨΣһӪһϼѵ
ãȻ˼֣Ҳ˵ʲô
ʢʮֹӦçͼϲλʦܣΪԺһӣӴ˾ͺúУȡԺӵһϯ֮أ͸ȥԵɣãһ˰ѧԺԼ͸ǣԺǳҪܳʱգؼԺ棬һҪǣȥɣ
лʦ֣
뿪ͬȥ
֣Ǳʶ̩ҶˣΪأֶθһ·նλʦܣҪ뿪ϲ㱨ʢ˼Ƭ̣ҲΪһʧڹ
˳Ժ̩֣ʱиúñչУʵ
֮УҶ̩ӼٷɳƲ㣬ɹһƬƬأܵϢûе⣬ҲƣɹҶһɣһ̩
̩ӵʵȷʵҪҲŻָһʵɾкܳ룬Ҫͨ쾳ָɾҲһʱͿԵģٻָЩʵһҪȥҪѰҼһָ
ţչ֮ҲҪȥҸƧ֮أ÷̳ӭɽ٣Ӧòþͻ֪ҵ䣬ȶȹѹ˵ɣǰǴӦþǼ֮ȣ
˵֮䣬ҶĿһɨջ⣬Ѿǰһ֮أȻû˿ֱͲƮǣһĽ䡣
֮ѾһƬҺڣ޴Ͽգķȥ滷ɽǸƵľɽ
̩ϳһĨϲչ˫ۣʵ̫ˣҾҪָ֮ʵöãҾ֮ܰȫգͿԵ
ã֮һԾޣ
ҶȶԷգۼ䣬ͳڼ֮Χɽۣ֮ʼͷ̫¯Ʈ̫
Ҷھʯԣûʩչ̫ǱԴףҶʵԶԶֹɰ˽ŽףʩչʥȿԶԿͨ쾳ʩչ컯ȭնɱɾŽסʮ
ҪаħҶʩչ컯ȭԺɱͨ쾳ǿߣΪ̫аħǣӰ˵ǿޱȣҶ˵֮䣬ܰѹնɱ
Ҷһ㣬ɾ̩λ棬һС̫Ʈ죬ȫ֣һҲֵˡ
ҶȻûȵԺϣ֪쵽ʲôȼѧʵҲλѧҶȸоһҲ򵥣̺һϢ޷׽϶ʵ
͡
Ȼ֮ȱһΧһ֮ȫѼ֮ƿأҶȣҲ޷УΪ̩Ӳµķӡ
ӡȻҲֶΣ̩ӵȷ򵥣֮֮Ǹ߼ĴڣֻУһһǰ㣬Ҳᱬ͵ȷ޷ߵȷģ
Ҷһα̩ͨ۷ˣҶʵȲǬת񷣬ʲôɾ̶֥㲻ϡ

֮ŵ֮ڷʧŷʲô޴룬Ҷֻ˾޴֮ɽƣӿʧ죬֮֮Ҫ̩һɶ
ҶȻ̫¯ĺ̫֮Уַӡһδӣٶǿֲ
ſź龫ľѿ٣ʱ죬͸ı̫ʵأںľһֿԶԿ֮־ֿɡ
ֻǱ۹Ҷڷľ֮£Ȼо֮ȫʧһ㣬ּۣ֮Ȼڣ˷֮ȫʧȻ޴棬֮̿ʼƼɿݵ꣬
Ҷ֣Ҳˣڵ㣡
Ȼ̩ӳҶǰֱż칦򣬾Ȼ˿ֲ治ˣȻָٶȣʵںˡ
ݱ̩ӣҶ˲֮ȴأֵرʲôҲûУȻû֮ȥһĹȶѡ
󣡡
Ҷȷһץʯʯ֮ȴ֮Уһʱ䣬һ͸գҶȷֿ˫֣ʼһӡ̼䣬֮˷һ磬ˢˢ֮Ƽ
ô£֮Ϊͷţ
һ̣֮˷ѧһһѣЩѧʥλѧΪ֮ԭ˷Ҳ㣬ڣЩʥλλѧȻ֣֮ǿµ֮ʧ
ͬʱԼ֮ΪģƼʯաءѹͬķȫı䣬ȰȻ
ʲôˣȻͨü֮֮ʧһۼ˺׸ıʣ
Ǿ󣬺øľ󣬶𻨷ʯǴֱʣңֱ츣ҵȣʲôȻѡ֮Ϊ
λڴ˲²ʲôãǲȥȥ֮Ȱݷһ£Ǻη˵λǿߣϳ֣֮ȣ
ãѵֳ棡
һʱ䣬ǧʥλλӣڱչһһ뿪֮ȷȥ׳ۣѸԶѧ
ıռ䣬ʣֶΣɾֶΣҰѴƮǶļ֮Ȼ⣬ƾ㣬԰Ⱥۡ
֮ȣçɽ꣬Ժǿ죬ϧ޷쵽ԺǿߣҲ޷쵽û뵽Ȼһ㣬ǰ޹˺ߡ


246 չ
˷ˣѼ֮Χ㡢㣬ˣλѧв٣֮Уλѧ֮Ȳҳǳһӡ˵ĵԪĢƣķۼӿ֮ȡ
֮ʺۺ񣬲֪ͷŶʯΪ̳˲˼ֱλǿߵҲضã
ֱʣŽԺۺˣҵӡǿޱȣҲͨ쾳ֶΣ
˿֮ȷ츲ر仯𾪵˵ǰļ֮ȣȴһɣȥһڡ
ܿ죬֮ȱƵţ˲çɽԽԽ㣬Ҽ֮ˣǰýѵ½ѧһʱ䣬̩֣çɽ˲֪˲
֮ȣʱʱԺѧѶһ÷ɣ˰֮꣬ⰻȻݲĻĵأҰݡľÿԾͳɲ
ڼ֮ڲ˭Ҳ͸ΪӡʵĪ⣬κ˶޷УλѧҲܣü֮ȴٶԽԽ죬çɽ׽ţ̩֣졣
ڽɣ
֮ڣŨͻȻɢһĨسַӡһӳһ㣬ʵڲ˼飬֮ǰȣȫ磬ɽգƯһɵķ̳ߴɡ
̳ģиַķȫɷӡɵķ̳翡
Ҷ̳֮Уջ˫֣˰깦ڰѼ֮ȽһǿʢȫʥκεҪܳ
̩ӼȻڿռҲʡȥҵ鷳ھʯһʵʷ̳ᣬȵͻɾһ̣̳һԾ죬ɽٳɹ
һɨ̩ڲؿռ֮УԼҲֻ΢΢ӦĴڣҪ֪Ҷ̫̫⣬κиӦ̩ڲصأռͨжôˡ
ҲҶϣģ̩ӶԶҶ޷֪Ҳ޷֪෴ҶҲҪռ䣬Լκ˴ţ̫Ĵڡ
̩ȣҶܣҪ̩ӸҪ죬һɽ˶ѣ½磬ȷӵֶΣҶܣʱˣҲ޷ȣǧͼͼ飬ԭɽλ֮еĶҶϣжռУԱ̫鷳
ݡ
һſʯճ֣飬ǵǻȳ棬̳Σʯʼ̳һһϣ޵ķ̳˼ѱһʵʷ̳ҪʯҲڿţκѧ˵һСҶǸСӵ̫ʯҲֻǱɽһǡ
һʥλλѧʵþϸɵпռ䣬һˣʯֻлλλѧۺλѧҲûҶȲǿ˵۾
˶ãͿ÷̳ɹɽ٣̤ɵڻ޷ʯ̩ӷӵ㲻̫ã
Ҷ˽̩ӿ϶ҲˣҶȲ¶ϻװһЩ
λʦ֣ǺʦƵģУ
ʱͻȻӼ֮⣬һ֮
ڽ֮⣬һλꡢλѧڵȺ򣬺ȻһͻȻɳҶģĵлʦܣ
ӽָóƣе۵ȵƷ˵꣬̽Ҷȡ
ʦܣξͲ㣬´һӭһ𣡡
Ƭ̼䣬ҶӰʧˣ֮Уںδ쳣
Ȼ紫һͬСɣʥκεطλҶʦ֣ʵҲǿᣡ
ҡҡͷʮϧûн˼һ󣬻޷ֻźתˡ
Ƶۻ
ʱ̳֮ϣҶѾԺȥȣɷǣٷ磬ͷ֮УŻһʱ䣬ͰԺʮڵӡƮǻǵ
ʮڵӣλλÿѧΪм¼ֻɾѧûмء
ãһһҶҡҡͷ̾죬û뵽ʮףѾλѧͨ˽ף
̩λԺѧȼǰΪ磬ʵΪ׼Ҷȣأʵȷʵףλѧ
죬ʮףΪȻԺʲô½磬ȷʵ۷ڣңʵȷʵͨ쾳˽ף̫죬Ҷһȣʵ̫󣬾֮
ͻɾɾڣ϶ûж֣ȫնɱͨ쾳ͽǿߣϵ죬ûκΰգҵԺ˵ãʵ±ͨ˽׻Ҫ
ҶȲһ֪жôֲԺֻλѧѹסķâԺ˵λǿߣѹ
ɽٻҪһʱ䣬ȳƿͻءأһٳ٣
ҶȫͷŶɽ٣ͻɰءض⣬ҶҪѹȵʱ죬һͻɽ١
취̳ɹҪѷ̳Ƴۣȫںϣһɽ٣Ϳ÷̳Կ٣Ʒ̳٣ɾɾ
ѩҲΪλѧʣɾҲڵ֮£ȻҲԺķâķâᱻҸǹʲô£Ҹɱԣ컹ԣ£ûʸ񣡡
֮УҶȹȻҲҵѩ֣ͬҲʥأͬλѧеסѩʥؿν绽꣬ѩһԺҲڵӰ¡
ҶһҪѩҶȣ޷ԽҶȣԶҶȷâ֮¡
һ̳ᷨһͷ̫¯¯ʢƣȼţԪٻľúʥˮľһ棬ҶȻݻʥǹĶ֡Լǧ컯ȭ
Ҷ̤أҲһѱ䣬ߣԸɸ߽ףЩѣҶͼƬɾٴѱ䣬Ϊ޵նɱͨ쾳ǿߡ
ֻ컯ȭΪӣ벻ͣݱ䣬ҶȻ˵һʽ̺£Ҷûȫ컯ȭȻ²Ҳɼ鼶ȵġ
̫Լӳֵκ֮У֡ǣҪӴļԦ̫ǿޣǷյԣ̫ҲҪžͻƲѱ䡣
һ̫ӳĶ֮Уͻȫı䣬ʮֹ絮һ㣬նɱˡ
̫ʵǰĪ⣬ҶԴ֮󣬲֪̫о裬ֻҶȾ̫ͣ޷̫֮һʵ
Ķ֣
ڣҶȿʼ̫ӳĶ֮ϣʼںϣһִĶ־ͷ޷ƣݺᡣ
Ҷһͨ쾳ǿʬֱ򼸺ﵽʮף޵УԸͨ쾳ʵڲУҶԺ󣬻иõͨ쾳ǿʬ壬ô᲻Ͻ
ϿǴִۣ͸ϢϢеԣƮԣɲͨ쾳ʬܴģҶ˴֮γɵԣ̺Ҷ̺ͬԡ
һһɾ޴һһ۷һͷţԺɱʮף̩λ棬ҶȸӲʩչλ֮Уһ⣬޷Ƶѡ
ž粻ߣԽ󣬲ʹá
治Ҳڲͣת̺Ϊǿʢԣ̺ԣȫȡôҶȾгɿܣ̤ɾ⡣
˽𵤣ﲻѱ䣬Ҷȸ˵ǣǿľѿֳһָߣҶȫĺʥˮѾľһβʣһΣܾҪϺ龫ſź龫ֻܹľա
Ҫ̫ľ
ҶȻ۾ָһ㣬һαչأ꣬Ҷȵһôʱ䣬ž粻ߣʱȻζ
̩Ҳһʱ᲻Ҳչذɣ
ڷ̳գҶȾ׼
̩ʦ֣Ҷʦܣָǣٳ
ͻȻһǿƴӼ㴫ӵ֮ͨһλͨ쾳ѧͷųġ
񣿡
Ҷû뵽ôԺϸ涨ÿѧ񡢶ұִ񣬲½ѧȴʮʱ䣬ҶȺ⣬Ź꣬ԺȻ


247 ԯ
ִ񣬻òֳͣԺȷ涨κѧ˵֣ɾλѧҲҪִУҶȲѡ̩Ҳ߳Ҷһͬ뿪һͨ׵Ļλѧһͬȥʯ塣
ʯ壬һɽ壬̻Ի͹ڡ
ʢһλǿʲôһվʮλѧʱһ磬̩Ҷ粽ڣλѧ̩ӿʩ̩ʦ֣
ʢλλǿվʢЦ̩ʦܣʦã
ʦ֣̩ӲɫʦֱȭûڶԷͨΪ£˿ӣȲϢϪˮԵ
ʦǿʢƣ̩ܵӲ⣬Ծ̨ףŲһ̩ʦܣ
̩ȻһЦֵʦֹʦܳԺҪλʦչˣൣ
̩ʦܣҶʦԺʮ꣬Ǳչؾ޵ʱ򣬲ʵڳ鲻֣ԺԺܵżﲻÿʦܣǽϣѧԺѧ겻񣡡
ʢЦҡҡͷ֮һЦĿ̩ϣԯң֪̩ʦܿɷ壿
̩Ȼ޶飬Ƶ磬˫ͫ侫⣺̸ԯϹң̩ǸʱһһĴ壬ŻԻ͹ȥ̩λûмԯʷ
ʦܲ˵˽⣬Ҳ֪ԯƾùȥϧԯѽû壬Ҳ㲻ϣڼѧԺУԯҪǨƵһŻĹȥϣԺлͣĹͬħв˵ǿǱԯ˳ﵽĹ󣬻ǧʯΪ꣬ڹͲҲм¼
ʢ渵ϸ˵һ飬ܼ򵥣ǻԯҴﵽĹ򣬲ɳλѧ˵λ񣬲ס
ʦܣλɳʮλλʦһͬǰȻֻǻȴҲʮּޣѲ⣬಻أʦܶע⣬ֽ
ʢ˵֮󣬻ʦҲ̩ǰĶм䣬¶Ϲģû˿ǰǰ󲻶ͨͨ
λʦ֣ҵ˳
̩ӴӺʢУּҶȴת⣬ʮλѧ̹ȥ
ԯȻû䣬һֱԯһϹű⣬ˣԯҲǿУϣ뱦ⲻҪǣκιϵ
ʦʢĿһԣ¶Щġ
ৡ
çɽϿգһȺƵ۵λѧƺƵ۵̩ҶȻҶҲλѧҲ̩ӹϵ⣬Ҳܵ𾴣ȴҲȲ̩ӣ˶̩ӣֱǱϹϾ
ʮ˶飬𵴵طɹçգϴƲ㣬ԶȥҪԺ뿪ƮǣҪͨǡþçɽĴ󣬾ڽ֮ϡ
ʹڣ˿вѧȴͣЩѧȥһҪһδδ͡
ʦ֣Ҫȥ
̩ˣӵڵڵϰλѧ̩һۣʩ񣬲˿
̩Ϻ޶飬׵ᶫǣ
һλλѧ̶еȴ͵ѧֵ׷׸ʦõ
ƾʲôǵôãΪʲôԺõ
ѧһ˿λλѧӣǲԺӣԺУһȺѧԺӣȻǻλѧȴɾӲҪӣһͨλѧϲ£ʲô
λλѧվ棬Щ˿ѧȰ˵ԺߵȼʦȨҶʦֵܣñֵòģִߣԺ棬˭Ҳﲻ𣡡
붯ִߣԺҲǣ˵ʲôҲУҪŶӣԺʲô
֪Щѧû˲֮ǰҪţֱԺ棬Ŀŵ۸Ժ

ͻȻһ׺ľƾնЩѧ׷ε֮ûУ̩Ӵɱƣֱӳȥ˵ЩǱѧֱǴ̤
ԺʲôǣʲôԺ½ѧ̩ӣҼסҲʲôԺ棬һδһΣߣֱȥԺң
Ͽʱ̩ͻȻתЩ߷߲ʵѧŭһһһѪʮ㣬ˣ˿Щѧӣлѧͷȣݺݽѵһ
ã
ʮԺλӣʱֽкãԺʲôʱôͷһβҶ̩Ӣţ۷䣬̩ǰܵ˷𾴡
񣬾ʹвȫأ̩ӣѧͲס˷ܣͨʵλѧʵΪ̩Ѽ֮֮£çɽʥشˣ˶̩֡
ಡ
ѧʼӡ߶󣬰һʮ˲䴫ƿնȥ
̩ӡ
ڸոԺֱ֮Ӱѻѵˣģܲߣ
̩ӽѵѧǷ࣬ԹԸ̩ӣ磬ĶǱ֮Ļ֮һһɢȥ
ٻѧЦЩҲǵģƽʱԺӲӣͳͷڹ꣬ЦǿЦ
ᶫǣʹҵȣ
ͻȻһɭɭɷڴصţʮɱ˵󣬻񷢷ͻ˭óȥᶫҪʲôû˸˵ȥ˭ûµﻯҡ
̩ӣΪҪçɽʮ꣬ߣһȥ޻أڵΪɱ㣬ڶһΪˣ
Ƶû˸Ҹ˵ʮλ£Ҳͷʱ»Ϊ˽ȥпʼɢ̩ӡҶϢᶫβȥ
кϷˣȻܲңϵһҪ̩ѩܣΣ̩ӿȥ޻ˣ
Щ̩ӽѵѧжŻɷȥֳƿ죬ȫᣬֱ̩Ӷȥģڶл˽⡣

ᶫǣλԵȥһīԲ壬ȻǻԶһһ㣬ȴŹʷ֮ϣûе۹ֻм壬ÿ屳ʵԺ
ᶫǡǡΨһһ⣬ڽȴԺֱƿأӵٻӣһԲιűʵʵ¶һ˿Ѩ
˰ɣղŽӵԺ֪ͨ͵ѧӦòൽᶫǣ
ǰţվһλѮߣһͷ԰׳ŵۣһΪﵽͨ쾳ᶫҲһ
ϣˣˣ
ʱ򣬹űڴŻ򿪣޵̩߳һΪףҶȣҲƮޣΪߣʵȴ˿͸λѧҲ̶еѧűѧ̸䣬Ϥ֮ˡ
λѧͨף
λϣ̩ӣһʮ־㵣Щʧһɨȴ̩Ϣ޷׽˵̩ӵпֲֶΣˣˡ
һλλѧˣ΢΢һɨԯң
ǰ̩ǰʩԯҳϣԯƣ延ӭλ٣
λλѧɫһ䣬һ˿⣺ϣߣǴӴԶΪԯҶΪΣ峤ǰӭӣ
ԯƼæ͵λԯһֱû峤ֻгϣ棬ֻɾΪʸΪ峤ϧʮԯҴδһλɾ֣ԣһֱû峤ֻгϣ
̩ӵԯƣһƳԯˣĮĵû£ϴ·ɣ
ǣǣ
ԯ̳˻֣ĬĬÿһЩ˷ŷû˾ͷЩͷɥɼλţǰ·̩ӶһֱĬֵ֨͵ҶȵͷҶ֣߰ɣ
Ҷ̩ԣȺĩˣԯƺȻɻаλѧΪβأ
룬ԯƳ̩ӿʵ֪ƺ
̩ӣԺ½λѧΪӣϣģǰһᾡԯң
̩ƺͿԯ˼ֱѿڶ˵ס


248 ԯ
ǣһϵĸۡͭţ沼߲ºۼשߣſڰڷϹƻʨݣЩ¡
ʱٻСſڵȴʲôһԯ̩ӵ˵ʱ̴ţվñֱ
ԯӣ˽븮ۡλԯʱλӸڣ룡
λѧС·븮ۡҶ̩Ҷƺʲôʵ̩֣ԯĪʮ˽⣿
̩ҶȽԯȡɽ֮䣬̩ҡҡͷҲ˽⣬ԯǸʱһǺϵû뵽ûֵزԯ棬Ϊ治£ҳɹɽλ棬ʵʵһˡ
Ҷ󣬵Ϊ⣬ԯҾȻˣôԯ˵̩λԺʷҪԶȴ䵽ⲽأ겻ѣԯƲͨĽףԯҸûʲôǿߣѹҪԺԮ
ЩʰҪţ
ͨΧԺԺһ̤ԺͼԯæƷԺ䣬ͨǣ󵽾ɵĴС౦УճƷҲŹ޾ϸȫ¼ȻרŰƷһöö䣬մߣʮϡΪﵽͨ쾳ߡ
ԯҲвͨ쾳ͽǿߣϧûһ߽ǿߣּ壬ֲһͨ쾳ʮ׸ֽ١
ԯϣҴææҶҶΣֱһģһʱܡ
׳꣬һЩͯ븾ŮҲڰæһȥԯҶڶԱۡ޷ߣܶƷɾ
ԯҴʵͨƽղ࣬ûмֵǮΪһңա
ϣ²ãС㱻ǰס޷
һƬȻæµУȻһλŲҴҡɫš麹ˣԯǰҼе˵
ԯ̸̩ҶҲһԾͻȻˣȴ˫ĿȥԯƴʧɫʮֹġС㡯Σʵ׷ʲô£˵
ĨĨ麹ɫŵĵСվƷڿҪ᳷֮ʱͻȻǰɱС㱣뿪ڻվ޷ǰˣǧټõһУ϶ưոݣСΣգ
ɶǰˡû٣޳ܣѾټվԸС㣬С
ԯսȭͷڿ֮ˣƺʮּɵȴûа취ת̩̩֣СŹ£⡭
ϣ㲻˽ţ̩ԯƾٴμģһƵ˵
ң
ͻȻһֱĬҶȣָһǰգʱΪһƬޣУʧ
⡭ԯ˫ͫ𾪣ɻ󣬺û뵽ҶȻǰȥͨʽ˼նȥֱͨ쾳λֶΣҶȲأֱ޷š
̩֪ҶֶΣҲ޷ҶȵʩչֶΣӵ˲˼Ŀռ̩ͨӿԯƵϣİɣҶʦһ֣϶˰ȫһڴãһͻȻ¼»ᱻ˿ӣ
ԯƶʱ̩Ӳ¸ЦǨᶫǣΪ˶Щû뵽סţ̩֣ˣ
ǱԺּǣǵΣ
̩Ϊԯȫģֻһδαʾϣң̩ҲûȥѯԯΪ붯Ժб飬㣬̩Ӳģֻһ
ⲻԶһС򣬶ȫǻվǴСվڴ˵أΪͳһ
ڣվһǣΧһվ⿴֣վһλλĿıδ󺺿סЩ˸ɸ߽ףҲһͨ쾳ͽǿߣÿϴŨɱɱСһϢϢ
ԯģɣ㲻ͨһףԵֵҵȣ̶壬ڤ粻飬ϷɲͬѪնɱ㣡
վ¶Ժӣʮλˣһλߴ£ȻΧһŮӣŮɫ˿òСɣ˶ˣһͷϢǧ֮⣬һɫ
߸ûг֣һͨ쾳ΪνǿߣᶫϣҲһˣȫͨһ׵ǿߣκμ壬Ҳսԯ壬ֱ޵С
ֺһԯģ㸸׵ϷҲѣͿһϣϷҲɱ㣬Ϊ峤Чɣ
ŮӡԯġӣΪ֮һŭȳ⣺㻹ҵЩСˣݺĻ죬ѪһҪֻʲôˣЩǿóѣ
ߣβƲԳԷƣãԯģǾͱĺɱɫһ䣬ɱնסԯġ
壡
ԯĻסһɫӨ貶ĿΧţγɾŲ㣬ΪһʢԯĻס룬ȥӣףƺӾɽ
䡭
ɱȵغɱ֮ϣ˲֮ԯӡ׷׺飬ԯıúʮȻûˣɾ磬ֵסͨǿһ
ģû뵽Ŷ̶̼ʮ꣬㾹Ȼӵʵ
ߣŤΣɭɭ˵ԯҸûµı֮Уʥʵ̤ЬٴȫѹԯģգϷҪһУ
ΣΣΪ˱⣬ƶҵҪԸңóѣʣҪڿԼ˵ԯˣ棬ԯ
ԯĴʥ߳ƳסߡԯҲܣȫͬղţϢҲҳ
ԯɱڣ˫̰ǰ䣺ûʸ񣬵δ峤ȴʸǲҪԣ峤ǿ󣬲ģֻ峤ԯֻԻͣ
ûʣѵ˵˼ǲ֪ܣԯΪٻ󣬱ˣͲԯҵˣԯɨˣȫûκο־塣
ϷѾᣬ˵˵ǲǸϵǾ䣬һͬµɣ
ԯرģ׺жĿǣͷſֲѻվȻȫ˫֮УŻûΪһХƣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԯ˫ֽӡ֮Ϊһƣ׹һѹسԯƿն˵վСնڻζƺдҪƵġ
ԯȻò˫纮޹⣬纮̶ǺӣζڶͷѾεκ飬ԯһԯԵЩġ
ѹ
ۼҪѹԯģͻȻմһʥ֮ţһֱƿ£صѹ׹֮ϣͻͻͻֱѹһ׹գ֮һͬʧ
˭
ԯôȻ˺ֱûϾҪõԯģڣ·ɱҧ
ԯģԺӣԯҽȥ
ʱճһӰۣ˲֪˲ԺλѧݵĵۣˣҶȣĮŷһж
ԯҶȽͺ̰үү
ԯɱһЦԺСӣ㲻һλѧʲôңҲΪԣռ˱ˣΪѣΣ
ҶȻûκα飬ӦһȷʵǸҲҪۣͬռ˼ҲˣΪ˲ݣ
ֲԯ޿֣ԭ֪ԺΪãСӣϷͺúøϿΣԯﾹȻٴͷͨǿ߾ƣҪֱӶҶ֡
ȡ裡
Ҷɫһ䣬Ƭ֪̾ԷҪ֣֪ͨ쾳ɾܿģңɾԯﶯִݻһ֮ʱͷƿֱӰԯԼ֮С
䡭
˸һ뿪գ㷢ұըճ˾Ƭһѿ߽⣬ɿ
ա
غڰһĨӹâĿռԯ£ؿΧޱȣȻʶ˵еĺգԽǺӡ


249 ɳĮϮ
գԽΪﵽ˴˵еɾֶΣѾڷˣǸ߸ϵˡ
ԯ֮࣬ҲƽƳҶȣҶߴޱȣأֻ죬̤򣬿ԯͻȻӿ죬̿һԺһֱ֮ȥҶǸߴˡ
ಡ
ռ䣬գӭ⣬̵ԯЩۣȻأȻ֣Ϥ֮䡣
ڰȫˣȥ׼þҪ뿪
ԯδƽ֮ʱԺҶ֮ܣȴҶӰ̵飬üһĨʧǳԯԺȥ
ͨףȻƣңǸղߵļʱ¾Ҫ֮У˵Ҳпܣ
ԯۡһľͤУҶƿն֣ϢʮңҴܵҶӼ٣ͨ쾳ȷԯͨףһǰƣˣӴ϶ᱻնɱĿǰΪʵС˵ͨףͨһףҲöԸ
Ҷȵһͨ쾳֣ȷ˵ǽ֣Ǹһͨ쾳ΰѣһΣҶȫ֪ͨ쾳жô£ȫͬɾɾ޷ݵĲࡣ
ڻǣʶӰ׾츳ͨնɱʮͨ쾳ͽǿߣҶȾͨ쾳ҲûôֲԼܣȴȫһʮǧͨ쾳߽ףίʵ£ƣͿɱκɾǿߣͽͨ쾳Ҳ˲ɱ
ͨ쾳İԵ
ǰҶԵնɱɣնɱɣδй޷ܵĸоͨ쾳߽ף֮гͷβϴҶȣͨͽףҲһ˿ᣬͨ쾳߽ף˵ǴҲܡ
ǲɿܣ뷲ˣһ
оʵпᣬûоΪ޷㣬˵һȣҲһݳޣоȨƿһУǬδ
ԯǿߣҲ׶ԸԯģֶΣǷɾֿܵԯһУңҲҪˣ
Ҷһ̫¯ǿʢָ̫ʵԺԯӰԯģɾȴŶԿͨ쾳ʵƾһ㣬ԯľԶԶԽҶȡ
ţҪˣ
֮䣬ǰȥһ̴ֹ̩ͣԯۡȥ
ʱѾʼ½½Ժʮλλѧԯ̩࣬ڶĩˣʱҶҲʱ֣߳ţǰ̩ӻϡ
ղԯԯͨףָ֣ǲˣ
Ҷһ̩ӱ㿴ʲô治ɫȴԪҶȽ
û£ֻǶԪѣͨ׹Ȼ˵ã̩֣ԯŵĺܣʲô峤϶Ϊ֮ϣöԸ
һԼ˵úҪ෴ҶȵԼ˳Ҫ̩֪׼
̩һҲʮƺҲȻȥǰףһλͨǿ֣߳״֮ǰԤϣָ߽ͨ쾳ǿߣ̩ӦҲ쳣иǿôʹ޷ԤϵΣգΣգġ
ֻԲӦ䣬浽Ǹزֻħħɱ񡭡̩һ䣬ҶȶܵŨɱëֱʵ޷ֿͨ쾳߽־
ģû¾ãʵû뵽һȻܰԯǸϣȳ
ҪԯУԯԯǰԯȣҶһޡ
Ҷȡ
ԯָͫ쳣ţүүԯԶҳ֣Աڱصãϵõ⣬ܣֻϣƵ磬ڡͼǡ׼ˣһ򾡣
һԣȥɣ
ԯóһöö䣬ػĻǿߣȻԺЩ߲Ŵ򿪹űţԯһ˽룬ԺѧصԼңű뻤ѧ̸
Ŀ꣬ͼǣ
봫ʱ֮ˣƺƵʱʧڴϿգգ۾Ͳˡ
һ޳棬֮д󣬶ɹһſ򣬽뿪򣬳ɫƫƧȥһŻɫ򿿽
ˣ
ɫǾƷ֮ϣͻȻһöֻۣۣȻܴ͸򣬿ɼΪжô۹֮͸źа񣬾һħסʱſһȥ
ۣ򾧱֮ϣʮӣѪһֱʱ۲ͻأʧ
ˡ
֮У޹⣬żǼ⣬ƫԶȴǰǹڡ
գһֱڷҶȣͻȻۣһɨ˶ھĵȴҶȲüͷ̫ܵ¯֮УǧͼͼղĪһ£ĪǴǧͼܵռʲô⣬ôж
Ҷ֣ôˣ
Ȼĳգ̩
ҶĴһ̩λã̩λ棬ȷ̩绢ҶȴйŹ֣ʲô鷢
Ŷȵȵȣϸ飡
̩ûиӦ쳣Ҷᵽʮ־Ҷȣû˿ɣҶ˵쳣ǿ϶ǬС
ԼǸҶȶԴ̩֮ȷйŹ֣һȺǿߣڴΪҲһŴ
ҶȺɻ̩Ӿ仰ƺǱ˼ʵԯǰǿ𣿡
̩ӵϣǣΪҶȫͨ쾳ǿߣмЩϤ뿴ûеˣ̩λ棬ҲûʲôСŶˣ֪˭ҪԸңǻǸ񵰣⼸뻯ͬĻҸ֣
ԭǻҡǻǸر֮ˣϴ֮£ģҲô˵棬ݣ϶ưոݣֻû뵽ƫԶܿһ󣡡
һ̣ҶҲЩ⣬𣬻Ϊԯҵˣȴû뵽䣬ΪҶУǸƲκδˣ˭֪СǼġ
̩ͻȻҶȶ棺ȻҪԸңǾһ
ҶͻȻѪЦ˿̩ӣֱӵҪͨ쾳ǿʬ壬ԽԽãжҪ٣
ãҾͳ״ɱ䣡
̩ӻۣʱɫ򾧱֮ڣգ۹򣬾ͳ͹â
һɳĮ룬һͨһ޴󣬲˿̣ͨ˷Ȼһˣŵÿ£Ҳǿɱ⡣
ô£ǴΪû˿أ
˲ƿճͨԯһɨܿһˣǣԯ˵˿İڴˣﻹһɳĮ֮ǣͨΨһһ
⡭
ԯҲףˣҲһһֶߣŵûЩ˶ʿѾоضɱ֮ɱ᳤磬תɳĮƣγһɱϢѹȸС
֪˺һ໥
ԺʦܣǾڴ˵أԯ壬ǰ֮£Ҷʦܵǰȥһˣ
̩ͻȻת׵ƣͷųͫ⣬˵һɨ⣬֮ҶȷɳĮա
ԯ˲䲻ԺѧţûжԺЩѧһҲǵսľ㣬һҲģΪʱ֪ͨԮ
ǣƫƧһʱԮ֣һᱻһЩǿɱԺҲ޼ƿʩ
ԺʷϣвѧִУһЩĹ䣬ҲԺȻ׷һЩǿߣҲֻѡ¡
ø裡
Ҷ̩ӳɳĮգΧһ޴ɳĮ磬һɳĮһӣУǰεض𣬲֪Ժηȥδ֮κʣҪ˲ɡ
û뵽ǵӲС֪Ҷǰ
ͻȻһɳĮ֮У߳һλŻɳ㶷ҵˣˣȻܿɳĮ磬ΪǾ춯ء
ಡ
ţһɳĮ粻ϳһλλɳǿߣЩˣƤڣɳĮ֮УΪҲ춯أȫͨ쾳Ϊﵽʮ˶ˣʼ˵λǿߣΪߣףҶȶΪίʵ£ľ֡


250 ̩
үүô£Ī֮ˣ⡮ɳԨǡ壬Ҫڴ˶Ըˣ
ɳӵĴϿգԺʮλԺѧڱԯˣԯԯվǰͷԪ񣬶ɳǣɳʵʴڣһӡɳóһԷԯġԯΪ޷Կɳ
ԯ壬дĵĵ˭ûһôԺƺֻǷ£ֻɳһλո½ĻλѧȻ̩һΪʮ˵ãҪԸܣ
үү˵üǡ
ԯüͷû֪˿µı飬ͨ죺ͷǵÿػ⡯õУǳ룬ΣľԸҲϧ
κμ壬ɣǸˣʷ棬䣬ǿʵ
ɳ񱩡ħƵڣ˿̣ŻɳҵˣɳȫںϣɳɳĮ϶Ϊһһ㡣
ΣΧɳ𿪣ȻһѮߣ붷ҷŷǻɱɣ߿ȥֱһŻɳΧɳûκηֱһϢס
ڶΧһɳ߳Ļɳʿһ׺ҰеߴһɣֱǾˣǷװͳһŻɳͷңÿϢǶǻʵͨ쾳Ϊ
ɳͿ磬δغҶҶȸоǹֵ֮УΣʱὫҶȿ̩ӣ̩֣Ⱥ˿ǻ䣬ɳԨƣ
Ի޷֧ôǿߣ󣬻ҵȨƣɳԨǣȫǳɳЩˣ֮УȫӵɳԨǱԴǸߣһΪܴﵽͨ쾳߽ףӦɳԨǣߴڣ
̩Ӳɫĵȴɱڣƣ̩ӣҲʮ𾪡𺳵ģλ߽ѧҲ졣
ҶĿһû飬ȴʮָӣ˲֪ЩʲôЩʬ壬ȫ£̩֣ɲҪЩʲôҪʱңʵطκһˣҶ
ԸЩС󣬲ʲôһССɳԨǡҾͰɳԨǱԴˣŰɣ
̩һ͵һ죬ֱӳɳǿ߷ȥûκι˼ɣУЩ˸
ԺһոսԺСӣ̫ˣâ̫ʢˣԣϧҪԶ
λߣͷңֻܿ°һһç򣬻ûдһݣƣǿɳ򽮡
̩ӷɳԨǿ߶棬мЦǵߣԲѣȫɳˣʲô֪˻ҵ⣬նɱҵģ죬˭֪أ
ɳˣ
һ˫üֱǡɳʴˡ£֮һĪҺߣƬ򣬽ɳʴƹܣСӣҷܣ
ĪҺɳʣ
һߡĪҺһ̩ɫһգʲôɳʣߣһȺɳ˶ѣĪҺƿػǣʲôɳʣαǵڴռһΪΪʣǶôαصң
Сӣڲ֪£Ѿˣﻯңѵл·ôɳʴ뻯Ϊѣҵ£ɳʴ˵£ﻯңɳΪУĪҺվնɱ㣡
ĪҺͻȻҿңȻ¶һǿӶȫȡֻǵֻһƤȫûѪ⣬һѵĻˣһ֮˵顣
ùĪҺһʵɲ⣬ֱڤǵֲһվȽŸȻһ
ĪҺǸòҲҶ̲סһĪҺͳ˹ѿʲôаŪ⸱ģҲԵĪҺ϶ӵдͨ
̩һɱһָаħ֣ѿүվ㡭µ
СӣȡãҾͰΪܣԶǰ
̩ӽһͨĪҺþ̣չ˫۷̩ӣһ䣬̩Ӳɷ˵ָץȥħָ
ĪҺһУ쳣ָһ춯أŵɫľ޴ָ˲գֱӴ£̩ѹָָ⣬ϸ⣬˼飬͸ſԴ̴ƣŷһ޷赲
ͨ켸׵ǿߣÿֲƣƣͿɱͽͨ쾳ǿߣĪҺǿߣ
һĻҶȲһĪҺʵǷĵ𺳣ǿߣһߣûʵҲɲߣԺҲλеĳ

Żɳǿߣ׷쳤ХΪĪҺֻһɳ챻ɢ
һȺ߹ڱǰǾһȺ
ܵˣ̩ӸӰ죬һˣͱ˵̩ӶϿָһָȥɱɱʣ
ĪҺ̩ӾȻֻ赭дʳָѹħָһָȥȻ̩ӺݣַƵηƣʵֻߡеƣӣѹ־ѹһ
ԣǿԡ
һ˲䣬̩ӺɳĮգҶͻȻ̩һָȻͨǴǿޱȵһ˸ΪѾȫ˷˷ֻ̺ͬԵǿߣܸܵ
ȻĪҺȻ粻ǣûӵԣ֮壬޵һ֮壬˿̾Ͳֱߡ
̩ӡȻ½֮ʱ֮Ѿӡ˵ͨϲȻԶԿͨ쾳ɾǿߣǩЭ飬ȷǺܶԵľ
Ҷĵװкã̩ʵԽǿᣬҶ˵͸޼ɵֶǿΪѣǵ죬ԼôҶȲɵӣ̩ӿ϶ǲΪԼֱ췭ԣҶֻ̩ίߣʵǿ֮󣬲ʸ˵
ݡ
̩һָ֮գȻһ֧ƽʣ֧ƽʰŹصģʮɣŷɣƽʿȥƣУȴ͸ԡ
ʲôֶΣ
ĪҺһĻĿȫƽͻȻУһɿ־壬εĿ־壬ӻƽͷųĪҺ͵ҡҡͷҧܣһͨףôϢĪҺ޵ͨŽףѹնɱߣôܾһֻͨ׵ߣ
ͨŽףôΪǵ죬ҲûǿᣬͨŽףԺλеڣһӣɳָһɳԨǣͨŽ׸Ĵڡ
ĪҺߣ߷緶ɱһС
ԭͨŽףĪҺȷһʵңߣעҪ䣬ֻңҪǱˣעҪУҵˣַյģ
̩ͻȻ˫ֻۣϿǻƽʣͻȻ磬ֱӴָħѾ޴ָ˲ݻ٣һڻƽʷʷǰͨͨ顣
͡
ָħݻһ̣ĪҺȻҲ³һѪϣȻ˸Źħ⡣
ܡǵߣô᲻һɾ߶֣
ɳˣһĻˣУĪҺܣĿе޵ߣ̩֮ӣȻԺλѧĽǿߣΪɸ߽׶ѡ
ɾӵͨҲˣ񣬾ȻܶԿͨŽףʵ̫죬Ҫ֪ͨ쾳ÿ֮䣬ز࣬ͨŽף˲ɱ˽ǿߣ߽סͨ쾳ǿߣ˲ɱ
ڣȴһɾ߶֡
ߣ
ĪҺסؿڣ̩һƵķ̩֮Ӹһ޷ƽȥ۵̩ӵڣĪҺĵ䣬һ˷־
ֻѡܣ
ĪҺڲֶ֪̩жôǿϧѾˣ̩ӶԴˣǱɱӣĪҺעˣ
ҶȿĪҺתӣŷ𿴵˽֣ͷ̫׼ӶЩͨ쾳ǿʬ壬Ϊͻɾ׼
͡
ͻȻĪҺɳһ̣һ֧ƽʾȻǰգͻȻԴƲܣֱĪҺͨŽ׵ĻţһǻƽĪҺš
ٿ
̩ҶȼͬһʱĪҺԣ̩ӶһϢĪҺЦҪɱˣûлģ


251 ޵бʷ
㡢㡢㵽ʲôˣ
ĪҺһϢŵĻƽʣȻʼתѪ⣬ʵ֧飬ŷһ̨ƵģһȡУԵĪҺһ˼飬ҲȫţԼɳԨߣͨŽףȻôĪһɾϡ
ĪҺжֱ֪Ŀ⣬ܲѻҷѵһô
̩ȫ¶ɫĪҺ˵ҵֶΣģͨ쾳̫СϧԶҲ̤벻죡
ɶ񡭡
һ̣ĪҺŷѾûǣһŤͻȻǻƽҪ͸ʱһӰȻɳΪһֻ֣Ѹײڶ֮Ƴ׼̩ץȥ
䡭
Ӱصײ̩ǰȴǣ̩ӷŷˣɫʱǺ죬֮
͡
һԵҶȣҲû뵽ĪҺһֶͨΣֻ֮һץֱѹĪҺͷϣͷ­ժȻĪҺʬ̫¯̹ĵĿ̩ӣ̩֣ĪҺȻԪ񹥻û°ɣ
û󣬲ȴ˸ĪҺͨŽףѾԪϣɱ˵ֶΣֻ̫⣡ȿȣ
̩͵ؿ˼Ȼ󲻹ƣĴܵɳˣɱ˫׹⼤䣺ЩˡһǿߣǾ鷳ˣĿǰ״ֲ̬˶ãɱ
Ӱˣ
ɳǸܵɳĮȫ񱩣һɳ䣬֪ƿɳߣĪҺˣһͨŽǿ䣬Щͽͨ쾳ɳˣʧȥĹǣһĴܡ
ɱһָʷƵ
̩߸߸˫һ֣Ĭʲôָ֮䣬ȻٴγڷԣЩԣ͸â˲仯Ϊһʷ棬˫һ֣żʮλӴܵͨ쾳ɳˣʮָѹȥ
ҸоѱԵû뵽ֶⷬΣҸоһλͨŽ׾ͷҲҪնɱ
һҶȣ̩ӿֱֲӸͬܣ̩ӣҶȴδûֶΣڣ͸о̩ӲˣڲǬž޲ŷ̺֮
һʣɱɡ
ʣɣƽʷ棬ƣǲ񷣬ҲҪ̴һʷɳĮڲ
ʲô£
ɳĮ֮Уգ˶ǰɳĮ仯ԭ͡ɳȻһ߽⣬ǿԴԭ޷ɳȴֻֿơ
һ̩Ҷȳɹѹ˵ˣȫıɳ֣򲻻ֱ仯үүܵ𣿡
ԯģü£ͫŷһж壬°ͨ͸֮УȻһӰĹޱȡ
ԯ̩̾ӹȻͬѰֶ˵ãλѧҲ߲Ƭɳϧ޷׷ʲô£û뵽ԺûзԯңɳУ΢΢ģ
ԺԺһţԼݵ̩λжݣϧ
ԯͫǵ򲻼ˣһ˫⣬ƺԺҲʮ
͡
ɳ֮ڣȻ񱩻ңһɳĴӴܣǣ޷ߣһƽʷ棬Ȼͻֱƿնκɳˣͷȫ޷赲ƽʷ棬һڻƽʷ֮¡
ƽʷ棬޼᲻ݡ
Ķ֣
һһͨ쾳ڻƽʷ֮һ̣ҶĶ֣һֻֻ˲ӻɳ籩֮Уɳʬһ߾ץġ
Ҷȿɲҽɳ֮ڣǿ񱩵ɳȼƷһ͵ɳԨǱԴ֮ͨ쾳ͽǿ߽룬ҲҪУЩɳϤſ⴩󣬻ˣȥ޻ء
ĪҺжôǿͨŽףͷһߣõķжôֲ̩ӣͷڷӡҲУ򣬶ᱻʵ֧顣
ԭĪҺɳĮӡ뱾Դ֮Ը̩ӵģĪҺȫնɱͨŽͨʮֳڣҲɳԨǱԴնɱ
ĪҺ̫̩ӣģ̩һƵеĻᣬ򣬵˭˭ʤ޷ۡ
෴̩ĺܣ֪ĪҺ֣һ֣ɱУɱĪҺȫûзܡ
ĪҺ̩꣬ʲôǿˣȻɾҲǰɣ̩λ棬ΪΪ
Ҳ
ɳһȥʣ²֮һЩͨ쾳Ľס׵ĳǣֶ̩£һ£䣬ûлᣬ̤ɣԶԹɳԨǡ
ηˣʵû뵽һӵõôͨ쾳ʬ壬һвĽססǿߣͻɾ׾١
һʩչĶץȡɳʬ壬һ氵˷ܣͨ쾳ǿʬ壬Ҷ˵ʯҪκηҪͨ쾳ʬ壬̺ͨ쾳һҶȿֱȡֱӹඥҶȵõͨ쾳
ܣֻ̩ǿƤë֪Ҷȿͨ쾳ǿǣ벻Ҷȫͨ쾳ǿߣһǰ㣬ͬ𵤡Ԫͳͳա
Ҫ̩֪Ҷ˱̬ͲɴҶʵֶΣ̩ӣҲǼδδš
Ҷ֣ȸϻش󣬴߶󣬷ɳԨԮҾͳûз֮
̩ջ˫֣ɳ֮УҲֻм˻̩֪Щûл·Ҷȷֿж
Ҷȵͷ״ĪҺסֻ̩ǿߣſܴ߶ǸﶼȥˣǶÿռͨ
̫ˡôͨ쾳ʬ塭
̩ȥҶֱӸЦݣͷ̫ʼץȡһ߾ͨ쾳ǿʬ壬ȫ̫¯֮С
̩ʦ֣̩ʦֻˣ
֮УʮԺλѧ׷׸ӦڼһգһߴӰֱӽ٣˫ֶŴ󲻶ϴһӡʯ߶
оգ
ԯƼ̩ƽģƺɳ֮е׷ʲô£ûжȤ
λʦܣ׼ãϾҪ߶
ͻȻ̩ȻֽŵĴߣ̩ǿֶ£ʼڲһɹɷɱɲƷ֮մҪʱƿնȥ
ٿ
ȻҶԹƿնֱӳ̩ߣͷԳˣɳԨԮѾɱ
ãߣ
̩Ҷһ֣ͬʱǻ봫ڣ봫һ̣̩˫һϣʱޣһŤϴܵݣգźһ˴˲ʧ
䡭
ʧһ̣ͻȻ֮УһֻͻȻץŴ͵һץ䡭Ѵ飬Ҳһͬʧ
ɶ񡭡ɳֲ֪꣬ɶ񡭡
ͻȻһλλŻɳĴǧˣȻд붼ͨ쾳λԽԽ࣬ΪߣȻͨ˽ǿߡ
ߡˣ
Щɳˣɳ߹ްѡɳȣףһߣĪҺ䣬嶼ûʣ¡
̩֣ôˣ
ЩҰĴڣԯʮѧʮְھڰ֮УҶ̩ӱȼҶȼ̩ɫˢף̹ʵ
Ƶûʲôȴ˸ʵ˲٣ֻͨңҪܳʱָܻ
̩Ӵ˿濴ɫЩ԰ף岢ûˣȴܲϢ漸򣬱ҸطչУԯ޷Ը
̩֣ڿʼһıչʣ½ңһԯҸطЩӣָҲٴͻƣ
Ҷȼ̩ҲʮֵģһǿУ϶Ѳ˭֪ɳĻߣɳʻл׷ٶɳʣ϶ɾ˵ɱҶȣ̩Ҳȫס


252 Ŵ½ԯƵ
ǰ漸վûһطʺΪ˽Ҹ񣡡
Ҷݱ̩ӣӰһԯԯǰҶʮֿԯʩʵ
ԯƵͷӦҶʻ֮˫ͻȻһĨ⣬ͷã֮Уиϴ½ΪŴ½ʮʺأ
Ŵ½
էȻһҶȸоŴ½Ӧʮֹϣ϶ӵԶʷҶ룺ܺãǾȥŴ½˵꣬ҶȾתǶȥ
ԯĿֱҶȳʧУ¶һϲԯĵģû뵽ҸڣȥŴ½û뵽ǾȻҸط绢
Ŵ½ԯϹŵҲǱڣһҪ֮û׷֮ǰ뱦⣬ңƵҲѾڻŴ½ȴǣһغϣͽ뱦⣡
ԯصͫҲ˸ϲ⣬ŷǨƣһԤıƵģڰﲽΪӪ
Ҷ֣ͨҲԯǷ
̩ӺȻۣɫָҶȻصԱǿţͻȻҶȣԯû뵽Ĵڣ
Ŷ̩֣ԯĪҲ֪
գҶȵȷԯԯƶԻһ̩ӿ϶ҲˣȻջ̩
̩һЦԯ棬ɲǼԯңʵǱ̩һҪϵļ壬̩λ棬ûе̩۹֮ʱԯҾһԯ棬תֻʮ꣬޵˾磬̤Ʒɽλ棬ԯʮάǿдɽͨѴɽ䱦½磬žĵ֮Уϧǵ̩棬Ҳһֱûҵԯû뵽ʱô꣬ԯ
ô˵ȻΣأȴҲǸᣬһԯܻôɽ籦
ҶͻȻаа飬̩Ӷһ
̩ȴһа飬ԯ쳣̰ΪˣںɼԯжôǷԯ棬ɽʵǿᣬҲһˣԯҲɽ糹ʧΪɽһ֪ԯѶɽ籦½֮У̩ɽмҵף϶ҲȲԯ֮еı࣬Ҷ֣ˣҲõı
˶ı
仰˼ֱӸҶȣԯɽ磬Ҳ˸ı⣬ӵУǸɵɣ
̩һ֣ư磬̧㾡ǣǼʣЦ԰ԯ̩Ҳضã̩棬ȻԯҲǴ̩ңɽվȽŸ󱦿ڣɱҲĿ̩󱦿⣬ǿ̩ԯԯͺһЩˣбȴǳϣҵõ˵ڷ磬ɽλ棬Ҳ㣬ڸ߼ɽ磬ҲԸǣ
Ժ߲㣬ңƼ򵥣ȴΣأ˭Ҳû뵽֮У̺ܣ̩֣ʵҪҪָʵԯȺˣʵҶȳ˼Ƭ̣쳣ĵ
̩ۣʼޣղһս䲻ض񣬲ΣķһɱͨŽףս˭֪֣һսҲ̩ӳ׶˸ҪչУָʵ
ɽ磬̩Ҳǿɽ磬Ҳһͨ˶ѣԯȻ̲ɽ籦˵һηᡭ
̩Ӷ뷨Ҷȶܲ͸һЩǲܻװ׷Źλᣬ̩뷨⣬ҶȵҲ
һֻа£вС
һʱ䣬龭˴δͣ·ȫԯƿƣѧֻ·ѡ
ڣһȥ֮Уԯƴ˳һž޴½½ݴ½ʮʮֹϣɫȥЩ죬Ļţ͸̫ζ
½һͨ˲Ǽʷ籩Ŵ½û·ߣһҲҲŴ½
һжҲλѧȻҶȴһж۵ףԯƸǹ飬ߣŴ½ȷʮأڻĹ֮УǼʷ籩ӵ㻹ĹΪڻû·꣬ҲŴ½
ڻǵõʮͨ쾳ʬ壬ɱԨʮ˾ʬ壬һʮͨ쾳ǿʬ壬㹻Ҷȹɾ٣ãȻƫƧ򣬸ɴԾƬɽ٣̤ɾ
֮󣬿żҪŴ½Ҷʼ̫¯ͨ쾳ʬ壬һʮͨ쾳ʵ壬ʵǲ˼飬ҶɽжôֲҪʯãӵôͨ쾳ǿʬ壬ǾͲһˡ
ʬ壬뷨̳֮У
գƯһ̳Ҷڼķ̳רжɽ٣Ҷ̰ʮͨ쾳ʬ뷨̳գ뷨̳֮Уںʮͨ쾳ʬķ̳͸챬ըơ
һУҶȿѾڽŴ½㰵һЦҸطɽ٣Ȼ̩Ӱжȡԯ
ͻͻͻ
ڴŴ½ڴĦ쳣̶óһʱʧţǰĺڶǺӣһϵĴ½һԭʼ½ȻûκγǳأԽգڼһĺں֮ϣһϴ
ϣһλӣһ챦һۣӢһλλԯһģһǿߣȻвͨ쾳Ϊӣ춯գֵ׼ӭˣ
ǣƵү
ԯǿߣһһѴΧסʼͬӡ߶󣬶ǰն𣬳Хһʮ꣬ڵȵһ죬Сãڴˣ
䡫
ϴŷʱҪըһ㣬֮УܿһУţԯԯһһ߳Ӵɳǰ۱꼲۶ȥ˳ԯ⣬ԳʩƵү
ԯƵһ֣һ˲佫𣬿ɼʵǿ³Ļӭλˣһ·࣬ӭؼң
磡
ԯļΣֱչ˫ۣԯƵȥһᣬ˲绬䡣
ԯƵԯڻοãЩһ˶壬粻ǽ壬ѳȥԱЩ꣬ǲżζѡ
û뵽ԯԭһֱûû䣬ػŴ½Сӣ
ʱԺλѧҲһһգҶ̩Ӳɳ˲ʧҶȶ̩Ӵԯұǿܶ࣬ͨ쾳ǿв٣㿴ԯƵͨ쾳ǿߣΪԺҲ߸ϣ
̩ϼ޻ЦЦЦݣЩΣˣŴ½룬̾żϢȻһϢû뵽ô֮ԯһɾͷҶ֣βжԲӦ䣬ԯôҾô죡
ԯŴ½϶ԯǿ̾ڴˣԯ廹صְɣҸطú
Ҷ̩һֱûǰλѧԯҵʿ̸ԯƻǸ˽ԯƵҶȡ̩ǰԯƵЩأȥʮ׽͸˲ûеһ㣬Ŵ½ȥôƽ
ȣԯƿصһأдУҰʢһҶȵԺѧȫϢԯĿĵزڴˣԯҶȵȵȺϢ
˿̣ھ⣬һƬͷĹɭ֮С
ط
ٿһҶƿնվɭϷһۿȥͷҶʮĵͻƷǳʺϣ
ҶƬɭͻƣ̩ȣֻ̩ҪչؾޣָʵѣҶȲͬҪһԾͻƵĵطƬɭ֣ԶԯƷΧʺϡ
ԯǲΪӪ뾡취ϣԯãΪԯҴˣԯΪﵽǰȰԯڱȫߣ뿪Ŵ½ȥһ׼õһԯҼƻ˳ɣԯҿֻΪ̩λһңԿԺ
ԯҪҸĦ̩˵ȴвԸ׽̣ͱҪ̩λ׽̶Կˣ׽̶֣
һõԯ⣬ٽԯһñԸ׽̣ȴܼδҶ̫ҵ۹ҲҪһչԯ⣬˵ҲҪ
ӡ˷
˼һҶȻһץΧɭ֣ȫƿأȻʯӡʼ󷨣ʮһ󷨳ˡ
̳
Ҷ֮һֱһ׵ķ̳ƿճ֣ӡʮͨ쾳ǿʬ塣


253 ͻʮ
̳ͨ쾳ǿ߲յͨһ̳ڼƵıʯʯиָӷӡķѴܽһ̳Խ󣬷̳Խǿ󣬱ɳԨĪҺͨŽǿߣķ̳һ½ô޴
Ҷȵ̳ףɾ˵ѾǴ棬ɾҲ޷ķ̳ңʯɾõóģͨ쾳˺ʯ
ӡʮͨ쾳ǿߵķ̳ȫԽҶΪ߽ͨǿߣԴɴ٣⡣
ʯ
һץӲӰжõʯ˲̾ڷ̳ϿգҶ˫ֲϴһӡۺ̫ƿŲͬӡڷ̳棬ƽ̹ķ̳棬ڳɵͼڣȥأҶȷڵ
ǵƷ취ֱ̳ݳޣһˣޱͨͻѹʹã˻ڷ̳֮ϣǿߣɸ
ҶȴƷ취̳ݳޣҶ˵Ȼ󣬵Ժ󻹻õ̳࣬һޱȳķ̳ɽҪ
ø־ҪҪĵط
ԯãκ쳣ٶԯҲףӦ׼ʲôǡʱ䣬̩ѻᡭ
̳֮䣬ҶȲ̩Ԫͨͨ˽⣬ԯһһָƣһУ̩ӣ̩Ԫޱǿ޵ɾԪ񣬱˵һŴ½һԺ޹˼ɳߡ
£̳ڽ죬뷨̳ںϣھͿʼͷ̫ͻء
ںһУڵͻصʱ뵽ҶȾͻ¶һͻأԽƿʵŻٽһһصأһ޴ؿڣصʮأһƿ
ӡ⣡
˫ִһӡȻ¸һ㣬ʱɽХ̫ʼȵĴӵ֮ͷųȫֱҪֱӳҶ⣬Ҷɲ˺
Ҷʵʮףڷӡʮ׵̫ͷųҶɲˣԣҪٴͻơ
ңأƣ
ৡ
һɹֱ̫ƤʱҶΧ¯ȼյƣ¯Ҷȣȼգʵһж̫ͻγɵ󣬿쳣Σ֣ʵζ
ͻ
ڻ¯ȼ۷壬ӡڼ¶һ̣ҶͻȻһץǻ¯͵һҶȶʱоȫڱըҲǣžÿڼƵıը
űըϴҶҲչ˫ۣǻ¯ȼգ̫ٴǿʼᣬӡԪҲԶԶ̫ӿҶ塣
̫ˬˡһ壬̤أоȫһܣ֮ǰһֹȥֿɺ̫
һ̣Ҷȫͷŵ⣬֮У͸ʥƮĹâ̫̫֮΢ͷʥâ
ҶˣȥһԶŹԹȥվڣչδŷּͿ
Ϣ֮ͻأأ
ͷȫϸëףȻںϣ䣬ԪسҶȻٶȺҶȿһĻ쳣ԾŴ͡־ϲֱͨ쾳߽״̬ԪͬҪ߾ģֻͨ쾳߽ף̺Եǿߣ£ҵͻأıǳ޴󣡡
ҶȿɲŹôûᣬ̼ͷŷ̳ԪȻ̳˸ֲΧԪȫ룬תΪ̳̳˿ͷŵֱƮǵİٱֹ
̳Ʒʮͨ쾳ʬ壬ѾԽ
ʵȻԣȵԴٶȣͻʮײ⣬̳ǿ
һ˲䣬ܵ˷̳ҶȿɲŹ̳շ̳ͷ̫¯ʼȼΪ̫
һ¹ȥѾﵽ۷壬˼飬ãͻأ
Ҷ͵ۣվֱ壬Ų񷣬޷ӡ󣬸ذԪͷ̫գۼ䣬ֳȼյĻ¯
̫ʼŻ¯ȼգҶһ缡ȼҶȸܵζȴܣЩë׽壬ͬʱҶڿʼط򣬳ԽصʼںԪʼը
ž
һͨڶıըҶը֮ǰͻҪ࣬Ͼصأɾƿͻʮѣͻأͼֻ̫࣬ҪﵽƽͿͻأ
̳ӳͻưɣ
շ̳ڣ̫¯ȼգ̫ԴԴһθոͻأ̫ãִﵽ۷壬ңʼѸٳԽأֱɰء
з̳ǲһͬ˼飬ԴԴԼգͻɷ̳ԴǷ̳ãһˣʱ޿ڸҶ
ҶȻûù۲ͻغı仯̿ʼͷ̫ͻɰأ̫¯ֱշ̳ȼպΪ̫̫ϳҶȽϸ֮С
֮УϵͣﵽԽص۷壬̫ڲϵͣ仯ҪҶȼͻɰء
Ǿֱͻʮأ˷̳㹻ͻʮء
ҶͻȻ˷뷨һͻƣѹһͻʮףﵽɾ۷壬ɾһ֮ң
͸ҶȾӡ
Ҷѹ̫һһӡڵ֮Уͷ̫¯շ̳õڣһһշӡ̫ȴﵽʮ״̬ʱһͻ۷塣
Է̳ԣò£ͻʮء
ڴʱȼʮһС塣
һڣԯʮλߣ·ԯǰţڴϷԯƵ߸ϣͻȻɫһ䣺Ѽϸ
ǣ
⴫һһסʿԯʿѺϴˣһͨ쾳ͽЩʿȥ˫񣬺ɥ˻һ㡣
ԯͷ⳯ʿһɨʮ־ȵĶ˵ô£ЩԪȫĨɱû˼䣬ڻˣ
Ƴϣв֪
ԯƵͻȻ֣˿ɱԼƻץڵļϸȻ֮У˲ˣǸͨڴ׷£󲿷ֱնɱֻץˣϧû뵽ǷһֶҩֱĨɱԪ񣬲³
ԭˣ
ԯ֮ϸһᣬҲ޻˵
ȥ̾͵ɱһᵽ˽Сã£
ԯƵضŰһ֣̱ѺȥûκηԯƵߣҲ֮ԯƵǣһһȥֻʣԯ峺ͫһֱ羵棬޲
ӣ꣬״˰÷ֿҴСŴ½һҲδ뿪㣬ȴƳϳ󣬸״ˣЩˣЩ꣬ˣ㣬ǲץסЩϸ
ԯƵһ½ݣһھΣԯ渵ϸѳͨڶûзӣʱ뱦⣬ȡб뿪Ŵ½ҵ֮ʱκҲõ
ԯվ˫ȵؿԯƵʪ󣺡Ҳõ洫У⣬ֻһ֪ͨڣ磬ڻŴ½ľӪҲ㣬Ϊȫ׼ƻãºǽ뱦⣡
ԯƵ̫ˣո״˼ƻһ¿ʼˣСãԯƴ˲򵥣÷һ㣬˵Ѿ򣡡
ԯĵͷû˵˫ȴ˸Ÿɫƺھ˼ʲô


ʮأƣ
ӡڣҶȱһ޴¯Χţ̫¯ȼú죬澪ˣ羮磬ҶԽԽޣУʥâҶ͵ͷŵˮ̫ʼӿ壬ը


254 ɸ
ֱըֱͣҶڲϱըһſһֽһ֣һѭ̱ըƤëײҺ塣
ʮأڵ
Ҷȴһץȼջ¯ʧˣⱼҲƽϢ䣬Ҷ֮Уŷޣ͸κγڣǿһ㣬޴ڡ
ڱըҲһηëϴ裬ͳͳٴ飬ٴ󣬼Ͳݣһˮ͸ѪҺƺˮڻţŹʵ
ҶӽǼܣѪҺ⣬ڵ⣬˾仯֮ǰˡ
ü£Ҿܳͻɾҵɾǳǳʱ̣ͻơ
ͻʮأһ֮ңҪͻɾҶȲͻɾ״̬ʵȻԣɽٷͬѰҶȵĴ٣ÿһξͲͬˣ춯أҸƧ֮أܷͻơ
̳ѾɹУֻҵһأɽٱɡ
ҶͻʮأʵѾԽɾͨ쾳һ׵ףͨ쾳ǿߣҶȾͲ˿أҪ־ͳ֣ңͨ쾳߽ףҶҲپ£Ȼ޷⣬ԷҲ޷Ҷɶ˺
Ӯܿ԰ɡ
ֻϧڻͻɾڻŴ½ͻƣؽ½ʱҶܣͻȫ˿ܿԣھͻɾҶʵһնɱͨ쾳ǿߡ
̩λ棬ӵͨ쾳ף㲻ʲôȻҶսǿȷʵܼܶ׷ɱ񣬾ĪҺͨŽǿߣҶȻҲ԰Ȼߡ
ʥǹᣡ
һץһʮɳĹʥǹˣʥǹȥʵһģһ˸ϢͨҲˮһ㣬͸ŵ⡣
֮ǰǿٶȣֻ˲Ϣ֮䣡
һӣʥǹѿռ仮һѷ죬ǿֲǼѿߣϾˡ
ǹʥǹѱ䣬Ķ֡Ҳѱ䣬֮УΨйʥǹΪԵҶΪߣԽǿ󣬹ʥǹʮǿմ̫⣬Ӳɹ
Ҷ̫ΪϲǹʥǹŹˡ
ҶУĻ컯ȭͻʮأҶ̫ǹȥʮ컯ȭҲȻʮһȭնɱκͨ쾳ͽǿߣаħƣ˶µаħҶǰȴСĿԡ
컯ȭҶ֪޵ǿޣ߸ϵ󣬵ѹ˺ڰƾֶΣ˵еǿڣ컯ȭ϶ӵ컯֮¸޷ĦǵҶΪ󣬲ʲô컯
½Ҳల£ߣ᰷ڡʵ˾Ȼ޵ְЩ졭
ڷӡ֮оޣҶȿʼϵƬ̽½⼸仯һһ
̫ҵ۹ȫ½ϽҲͶʸЭͬ£̫ҵ۹٣ʿɳ֮࣬ңҶ𡢾ҶЩһѾͻɣɶ½˵ݳޡ
ԭš᰷ڵӣҲΪ̫ҵ۹Ϲ֮󣬵õҶԶͣʹҩԽʹУԽԽ࣬Ǭߵ󲻶ѱ䣬ȻȲ󣬳һڷ£ϽԬڵĴɸָˮ
Ϊߵ÷ǳ죬Ȼϲϱ𣬵ҲͻףԷʵȫԶԿɸ߽ףǬ󣬿ͨ쾳һ׶ԿУͨ쾳ֳ֣ɳѱ䣬ѾǷǳˣҪ֪ҶȲ뿪½ꡣ
ֱ仯ʵ˼顣
춯СӣҲ֪˳ԺգۼꡭڣǰϣͲ㱻Ҵ޾´ʧʱ򣡡
£ͨ쾳ͽǿߣʲôԺλѧʲôˣ꣬ҾͻὫնɱ
䣬ǿУǰ޵еĵˣȴҶǰʲôҲǣһ
졭
ҶͻȻҧסأݺݵĵ²öã֪ҵĴڣϵԺߣ϶ĴѰңѧԱֻҪͲնɱң
е֮У˲֪ټ⣬Ȼǿĵˣ壬ѳ˹ȥʽڵ죬Ҷһֱ޷͸˵϶ܣ첻һš
һҪΪҪڵδ̤ɾնɱһ̤ɾ϶ͬѰ
ҶȲкͽһ죬ֻɱ¾ҪôԷɱҪôɱԷ֮˫ֻܻһˡ
졭
ĥ֨֨죬Ҷ̹رϣʼһ뵽죬ҶȾͻ

ǣλƫԶ֮УȻ򣬵ΧȻɫǰ㰵޹⡣
̩λ򣬿˲֪˲ǣȻţҲ쳹
һǺܴ󣬱ȻǻҪСЩȷʵƬǧǰǿʵڵڷսԿֲʵһʱ䣬ռ˵ǡ
ڵնɱôͨ쾳ǿߣεõǵģûһ˵ԭ򣬶ֻ֪һ㣬һ֮ڣգԵΪյ򣬴Ժ̩λ˶֪ǵġ
ңռǵŻǱŲɾܣȻӵռǺЩɾǿߣͲ֪٣δû֪ЩɾͷȥˣڴţЩɾǿߣ˵ȭ֮¡
Ժ˶ڴţӵնɱɾͷõһʱͷԺλҲǷҡֱϣ˿ɵС
Ϊִ˵ǳһأ죬ǳ˴˵еľš
µĵǣ˸ⱦȥһ߲ʱʯɵأǿڣεػŵǡ
ȥǾȻҲǳأǳ˿ʮֵ٣ÿһ񣬾ȻɾʿһλɾΪûУÿһǳأ͸¶ǿϢճǳߣ϶ǳǿߡ
Ϣһߴˣ϶õ˴࣡
֮УһλƵ۵λѧ룬һյİ׽𹬵ȥ
׽𹬵ޱȵʥϢʥͬһ̻Ի͵ĹôͷŸšԽʥơ
칬һͨʯڸչ֮ǰһͨ쾳ͽΪ֮࣬ǧ򣬾ȻڴΪػ칬
Ҧ֣Ҵ𣿡
ڽոտ칬֮ʱһԶУһˣףʮֿԽꡰҦѡʩ
ҦѲҵʩ֣ͨһҪ棡
ʿȻһͣȴʮֹϣˮĵڱչأκ˲ôţҦ֣㻹ذɣƢҲ
ҦȻֶΣĲ˸Ȼֵ֣£ɷͬѰǴԽģ֣鷳ˣ˵ҶϢ֣־ֱ˵µĴ²κλʴʣ
ԭҦҶϢ˵ͽҦ֣룡
ʿһҶȶ֣һ࣬üͷ壬Ҧֱӷ칬;ʿ濴֪ʲô£˷
칬⣬Ҧѹʵڴ⣬ԼǸʱ䣬˴
ҦѸʿ󲽸빬ͨһ֮ͨһ޴󹬵ҦѲҷС빬ֻڸûʣ챦Ƿ֮
Ҧѣ鵽Ҷˣ
ʱڹα֮ϣͻȻһӰֻһ֮ϵ죬˱ϷƵĿҦѡ
ҦѹˣԭҶǰԺΪԺһӣһλѧִһ;У
Ŷ
Ϊ⣬Уѿȫû뵽ȻԺ˲Ϣ֮䣬ϳһĨЦеǻۣҦѣ̴ץҶȣҪ֮ʱնɱҲԣ֮ҪˣҪʬ
ǣ
ҦѾȻеЦƺֵһݺò£֮תȥ
ҦһԸҶȣСԸҶȣѡ
ɣ
ͻȻһץճֺڶУֻһű֮ϣ޶ŷ˺ܾƵģȫĺܡ


255 Ѫ
ͨɣзŷ̺˾Өľ֣ʣֻ磬ͷŵĺ֮Ͻ֮С
ƣ
߸ϵĵ죬һӣһʥ֮˲串˲䣬ꡱһǱ㿪ʼѣϴžըţɱǱ㣬ʼ飬׷׿ʼ䣬ʼΪʧ١
𣿡
͵ۣеԵŤţ˫ͫ޾־ŭ龹Ȼ˿˿ɫȼգѪҺ
ˣˣ㡭
ƺ̫δ壬±վֱ壬Ӳ壬һ̣ŷָ߸ϵĵ죬˲˫ϥŵأҲԼΪʲô־ϲĿͷлˣлٸһλᣡ
ˣȻȣȥħһаҵ㣬Ѿ׹ħұ˳ˮۣǿСħѾĽףһͨ쾵ǿߣ
߸ϣ֮Χ翣ŷھ֮⣬Īںδ
䡫
һƣһƣȫѣֲƣ΢΢ڼŤ֮䣬ħͷŲϣֱӰΧɣɼʵж̬
ͨסˣл˳ȫ£
νһ־ɸṳ̂ͨ쾵һ죬ɾҲҪǧ޳ɣϴαҶѹʧеã˱ħȴһ޵ħɾͨ쾵ִۣɴֵá
첻ɫޱ飺ʵͽ㸴ΪںħֻôЩ꣬üΪҰ£
ͨһֱӹ£ˣ¶߾ȫ£ʲô£˷Ըɣ
ĵˣҶȣѼԺΪԺһλѧӱնɱҶԺѧҲó֣ȺϹŶưڸݣͻҪʱ̣鲻ʱ䣬ҶΪ˽⣬һҪնɱ
ѿڶնɱҶȣǸɵĿġ
Ҷȡ
֣֨ʱҧгݣϣȭͷֱ죬˫ۼɱɱҶȣˣģΣһҪ
ѾȥԵָκˣҦЩλѧһһݺ޵У
ľ˵꣬ȻΪӰʧ
Ҷȡ
ҲҶȣôҲ뵽Ҳн죬ҵĽ죬ĩգҪƤңԽͷ֮ޣ
һ̣ǰգȻһ죬һɣͨ尵죬沼ġͼǿʢԡ
ʣһǳ˵õ
칬ռ䣬һƬ⣬ͷ޾ӰƮһ޴̳̳֮󣬿ݴ½ôΰ޴󣬷̳ȫʯɣΧȻһ
ڷ̳֮ϣһͨ측Щи״лӥ󡢻й֮ι״ʲôУЩеԶžޡ
ˣ̳Ҫɣ»ӿٶȣǧ꣬һɣͻأӵ޵дУ
̳룬ڷ̳ϣԱߣһλߣ߲֪ж꣬ҿգΪûգֻһ
ߵΪףһɷǣǺ룬дƲܣɣˣһ
ҵǰѾѣĲҵõȫУͨͨصɽ֮ɽ̲£ֻ죡
һü֮УһӰӰڻתͷһ㾧Өʥ֮УõҲԽ翣һΪף󺣡

Ŵ½ȡ
ͻʮأɾ۷壬ָоǻҪըƵġ
һӳǱڣҶһԶͻ֮ʵָʮ۷壬Ҷȱصȣʱ׼̩֪̩ͨһ꣬ûκζΪҲ֮ǰôǿ
֮ҶȲû뿪ȣλѧһڹУΪһûʸȥֻеȴִС
ľȻʣ¼ź龫֮ѿ³֮һ
鿴֮Уľѿ仯ȫ龫ѿոɾǿֲٶȣ˲ţҶҡҡͷȥռı
Ҷ֣ԯж
ʱֱ̩֮ƿմҶȶڡ
ٿһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȱԯԶŴׯ֮ϵգ̩ҲƲ֮УҶȵ˫͵ԯãԯҼλţҪȥһΪֻغӵܵأ
̩֣Ծ֮УһϢʱʱޣǴѵǡҶ΢΢һ·ׯ֮УȻһɿ޵ϢϢ̩ӡ졢ЩҪǿʢٱǧ
ϣŴ½һ֣ԯңһλ棬Ӵ˽֮ɺۼһλ޵ǿߣǷħΪҪһ֡
̩渵Ҳ͸һ˿ɾΪ۷ĸЦµ֮ͿԻһͨ۷ǿߣԻһƬ
ɾɣӵ֮壬̤˺쳾ɵʮꡣ
Ϊ˵̩ӣκ˶ɾǿ֮ⷲУɾʵۣ£ɽ磬ɾƨ㲻һ
ɾͷֻغӵͨɾڣҲ˳õô
ؼҶֱӵԯϷһһλɾͷ֣˵ռˣܱܡ
̩ӵҲҪ̫żѾоŴ½ͲƽزϢЩϢһֱݷڣͳͳڰ˶Щ˾ԯУҲɲǿߡ
ô˵ԯڴ·ʣȴգȡԯãְ飬
Ҷһ¶̰ģ̩ӣɾ߲һУɾǿ߱עͲһƾǧͼҶģκᷨ
˿̣ʮӰɳϴׯŴ½ȥ
ȫͨ쾵ǿߣ߽Ҳв٣ɾǿߡ
Щ˺ʮ֮УҶһ룬̩ӣҶȸܿвϢɫ˲䣬ԯȻû䣬ȴǰ֮ƾǰЩشûҶпܡ
ɾǿߣҲʼռͨЩǿߣɿռ䣬ֻǾʱֲ˼Ҫ֣Ȼɾͷֲԣ
̩ӶҶһƹؼ쳣κβӣпܰ;ϣ´λᡣ
סϢӰΣԽգɿռβԯЩǿ󣬾뱣ǡôҶ̩ͨɾҪǣҲܣΪǴڿռ֮⣬ڶǺ֮С
ֻغӵӣô
ںѪ캣֮ϣԯҶʮλǿߣһĿɿڴѪǻŴ½أѪ֮УĨɱɾԯ֮У͹涨κ˲ܽѪԯҶôѪҲмأв˽ȥûһ˻ų
Ѫԯ涼֪γɵģĴڣϹſʼһֱڣѪִ˵ǧٹ֣ձһִ˵ѪһϹħͷѪһѪħɾǿߣҲѪħ֡
洫еĵͼ֮УֻغӵѪ֮Уԯֻغӵͷ
ѪֱǴĿģԯģҲһѪ˵϶ǿѨ磬ֱɾǿ߷Ĺ
ֲáԭΣյĵطǵڣѪȷʵ졭
ԯƵվԯԣɫ⣬ƺѪһжҪ
;Сļɣʲô飬չЩˣ
ͻȻڶ֮У߳һλİСȴžʮյߣλߣϢԣһͨˣߵע⣬ΪΪѾﵽ豹ľ硣
豹棬ɾ
΢΢۵ȻҪȻΪԯһػߣΰѵǨƣü巢ȥɣ
ಡ
ԯ˺ɣһһԯĶѪ


256 ֻغӵ
˼飬û뵽̩λ֮УϹħɵѪ⣡
ԯѪ֮󣬴ԼȥѪϿգҶ̩Ӵѷ߳·ѪȡħѪ̩Ӳɷһ̾
Ѫ֮УȻǿħԣħɡ
ѪֲƣҶҲǸͬܣէȻħɶ֣ҶȻ𾪲ѣѪȻһѪ˼飬ǣ뵽ˣҶȰϸϸѪһǿʢԣֻϧ̺ħ̫ҪȻЩ̺ħԣҲʮֻ̫ϧˡ
һѪʵһ̺Եʥأֻϧ̺ħ˼ħκηˣһͻ˲䱻ħɡ
ҪܰѪ̺ħԸգ֮壬ˣҲо޴档
ˡ
ҶͻȻ̩ӣĿ˸󣺡̩ӷҪָɾʵѪ˵ǧѷĻᡭ
̩ӱ·Ȼɾȴǻʵˣ˵𣬻ѪҪѪҲЩѣ̩ӱ쳣ˡ
Ҷ֣ǿϣѪһֿעЩ
̩ûжԣȻƺκγ˿Ļᣬһ䣬һǿҶһͬѪ֮С

սѪѪͿֲزʳ̩ͷŵϣڲͣҪ̩ӷơ
ϧŴ½Ѫ֮ǰûб̩淢֣ΪѪ϶ܽɣɽӵиߵλ̩ңҲɽ桭
Ѫ³ŷѪ֮УĹǷë亹ֱð̩ȴû˿ݣֻһζ̾Ϣ
Ѫ̫̩ͣ棬̩λ𣬿ҪѪҲ׾ٵ飡
̩ʧ̾ϢҶ˵ֻ޲̩㳬ԽɾɾˣҪϹħѪѪٲɣûʧɼжôǿᡣ
ңѪԯڣôʹԯͷѪڣԯΪ϶ѪǣѪ񣬻Ȼڣֻ֤Ҷ뷨ѪԳԽɾĴڡ
ѪҶлҪֲ֣ѪʿĹһСľͻԶС
䡭
ֻغӵڣ޴쳣˵ʲôħҪֻغӵ뺣
Ѫ·ʮȻһ޴ʮ־޴ڸߴ˿ڣƾѪתУںȥǺȻֳϸС֧⺣һѪĲɣ¶֧ʵǴ۸ӣ֪ͨδ
޴ֱǾ澰ΰǡ
ԯָź΢΢˵Էתĺһ̫ž޳棬ëֱ
죬޾ѪʵһƬƵģͷǿסѪɫˮ뺣Ǿ֮ء
ȻˣͲܺˣ
ԯµЩȴǰǱΰ˵ԯƵ߳һɭɭȵ
ʱԯƴ߳˵ĺܶԣҲҪʲôСϣյͼֻҪյͼͿȫˣ
Ȼ˶ԯеͼһԯһѪĿֲ˵ЩȻ£һӣ˻ӲͷƤλİС߱£ԯ뺣֮С
ѪĺУϺһж̽Ȼɣʣ
Ϣڴ˵أ
ͻȻѪһһλλˣЩ˲ʮңһȫͨ쾵Ϊף֮УһλŴ۵ˣһųݡɫڵһΪϢԯλѮߣһģһ
ңλˣҲһλɾǿߡ
һλˣǰȥۣȻϴΧɱԯĵǿߣԯ
ԯˣ쳣𾴣ʩߣǽȥ˻غϰɣ
ߣ
΢΢ͷӰ˲䲻ˣˣԯȳһ㣬̷֮С
̩֣ȻȻһλɾǿߣ˼飬һԯ壬ȻɾǿߣȻͬ죡
գ֮䣬Ҷ̩һѪ˳֣ҶĿ磬硢ǵƣסˡ
ԯֻһλɾǿߣղˣϢҶ޷׽̩λ棬϶ɾ۷Ĵڣʮֿ£ԯϢȫǺϡ
̩һֱۣ֮󣬲ۣ˫ͫ׵˸ŷ˺֮УĵԯˣҲõ̩λʷϣһֱмأ꣬һֱûѣղλɾǿߣĿֻͬԯѣ
Ҷʮ⣬̩ӱһôƽʵ̩֣ƾ㷨ۣҲɾף
͸ȫ͸ʩչһͨ޷һɼˣ½磬
һ̩ӣھȻ޵
ߣȸЩʵûлᣬǾͳ뿪
Ҷ˵Լ뷨̩ӲûзԣʩչͨһŴĿֲ֮С
棬桭⺣һ޴ͨ
뺣磬ͱɫͨǽѪɣ˸оôֲҲ쳣ѹ֣˲ɺͨ͸ǿħԣûͨ쾵Ϊκɽ룬Ҫ˲䱻ħɡ
⺣Ӧԯ沼ɣͨҲĲý֮УҪСġ
̩Ӳˣ˼Ҳ̾ԯΪ˳ó׳۲˼󷨣ǳԽ̩ǿߡ
˾ͨԴ³
λֻغӵ
ͨ޾ԨѪĺͷȻ˷תѪɫ󣬶ںķͨѪɫˮӿЩ֮ͨУͨͨ˴㼸ǧڣۻҡ
Щڣ״ҲһеãеĴ죬ееǺţеŵģǧٹ֣ͬǣЩͨڣ͸˻ëֱħŷһ룬ͻᱻ˲ħ
ֻغӵ
ԯôһܣ˳ױǰ׳۾סˣ޴УΧͨ˴ͨڣĺˮӿֱӿ벻ͬͨѪɫˮȥȥͣЪֻأֻغӵ
һоֻ̤غӵͻԶ
λҪСģֻغӵͬѪЩˮԣκˣˮɣͻᱻħ׹ħңˮиʴԣһҲ䣬ᱻʴһɶ
̾Ϣ֮ʣԯٴζһֻغӵ˵ϸϸ־塣
ʱԯƵʮּУԯǰ˵棬ʵСãһͨǽ汦ͨ
ͨڡ
ԯĺȻ˸ֻ̧ƶһͨԲεͨ磬Ǿͨڣ
ãҳ
ԯƵһӣͷǸ׵ѪĵͨˣȻЩɡ־壬ﻢ£ֻӲͷƤǰ
ģߣ
һһʱԯľȻһ̳ĬˣλѮߣͻȻһץԯ̾ߡ
үүҾΣЩطͷղָͨǴģ뿴ʲô鷢
Ѯһ̣ԯһɨΧ񣬱ֱӸԱλ޵ߴ
һĬƬ̣Ȼ˫ۣ汦⣬Уʲô취
֮ͨǾͣסŲУҪᷢʲô£ϣһжѣ
˵ԯ˫ü֮ϣһĨΣ˸Уŷһشܴ
洫У֪һлأʲô£Ҫƺ鲻ȫ
߻ۣһ˲䣬˫ͫУһĨŲ⣬ŷȼգ޾ȼޡ
Сãôˣ
ոսͨ˾ͷǿȻֻغӵеĺˮһΣЩǿЩ׹ӵ֮УҾٲά裬ոսһ֣ʱ˷ԯĳǰֹǰ
ԯƵǰѯԯԭ


257 ֻ
ԯƵģԯ˫˲ӡһصķӡͨͻȻ仯һѪɫݰ˲˸룬ͨԱߣͨһ߾룬ֻĿ룬ʵʣѾݣͨͨ
⡭
һĻ˲֪ԯƵһȫƽʱǸӢ˵ԯƵ෴һ˿ɢƽֱ飬ֱӿԯġ
磬ĪżСþΣλˣƬ֮Ǿܵõ𰸣
ԯĲ˵ԯƵԼɻһޣأŲµգ˾ɲ⡣
ԯƵһһ䣬˷ɣͷǺãǾͿ׻ʲô
ԯʮλǿߣ׷׿һǽ֮Ĺͨ˭֪ᷢʲôԯƶŷһаʮ㡣
ͻͻͻ
ͻأ֮䣬ֻغӵϿգǺѪ֮ͨУһˣͷߣԯλߡ
ԯЩˣթ
ԯ̴룬ԯ˱֪ȫ¶ǰңû·ˣǸ޷뵽ֻغӵ֤ԯҪҳ֮е·ˡ
Сãô죡Щҵ⣬״˽
ԯƵ쳣ɱ޲óȥԯȫɱ˰ֹ嶯ɱ˳ȥ
ԯԯߣΪϣľٶĿ⣺С㣬վõ洫Уһƿֻغӵ磬ȫ
ԣƳ룬ЩˣѼ壬ͨǸԯϣȻ壬Ƽʲô峤ҪռԯңӣҪǧ֮
λ֮صĳϣ׷ԯ̬߱˼ܼ򵥣ԯˣȫնɱһ
ԯĵλϡģֻغӵֲõĴ󣬾ɽͷҲһһȱż䡭
һ̰Ҷ֪ԯĴС͵õӵԯ洫Уʲǧ꣬޵ͨһףٶȣĪڣӵԯһѣӲ˼顣
Ϣͨͨλߣ
ֻغӵϿգԯ˫ֲϽӡȻԯĵڵͨգһϸϸɫֱ֮ͨУԯһ֣ǧСģԯ沼õĴ󣬱˵ͨ쾳ɾͷմˮҲܡ
ಡ
ԯΪףʮλˣӵλײβߣһͬգۣͽ·ȵĺˮǰŤ޵Ѫɫͨգû֪ʲô
Сģ
ӵһɲǣԯͱһ˺ˮɣԯˣˮ˹ȥ֮˲ŸҼٷɹǾԯĵصĵطԽԽ
ֻغӵֻ飬󣡡
ڣԯ˽ڲԯǰʱԯ͵˫һ֣طӡ֮У̼䣬ʼŤˮ㸲תνǬߵ
ͨȫŤֲǰ󣬶ǵ߸ӵֻغˮ񵹹࣬׷ԯˡ
͡
ˮ࣬תǬԯﻹλɲߣֻغˮһˣˮ͸ʼֺɫ棬ȼգͨ쾳ǿֻغˮ»Ϊһ߾߰׹ǡ
ΪϷͲ֪ƣ
ԯ˿ˣһֻغˮ֮УˣͻȻһ˹ԯֳһӫⳤȻڱ֮У͸ŲԣȻһɽ

ԯƿǽ⣬ԣ֪ԯһͬѰȻոպ֣ǽͷޱֲԯѸ
ߣ
ѷһ˲䣬ԯƵһͻȻһɺɫķѣץס޷ԯģ˲ѷ˳ȥʣԯЩˣ֣ͱԯǿֲɽɱ
Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
ֻغˮ֮УԯƵͷԯ޷ֿϴ󣬳һˮĻֻغӵϿգλߣˣƺڵȴԯƵԲûκξٶ
ԯһ̣ƺͨʲô
ߣ漰ʱ
ǿͻԯ֮УȫԯƵƿأ̴߳ˣԯĿѺԯƵʱģȫת䣬Ϊһλʮˡ
㡢ԯ｣֮ˡҴôˣ
ԯƵ֮ԯһ𾪣Ϊǰˣԯ֮ǰһλϣΪԯ｣
ԯ｣һЦԯƵСӣǧǰͱʰǸϵһ˻Ȫ˵
˿̣λһֱûжߣԯ｣｣֣ҪϻϿǽԯ⣡
߷ģСӣȥ
ԯ｣˫ЦݣЦ󣬶ԯıʵģþǽԯ⣬ЩˣһһɱһлŴ½ԯˣ׷׶Ҫ
ԯ｣ôҲԯˣȻ壬ȴΪҪ̶֣ɥһ죬ᱻֻѪծԯĻûУ˵ȴʮֺ
ʲôԯ壬ûδ
ԯ｣ȵһгأǵ棬ڰǰɽ䣬ԯѾûδңͶߣԯһδйĻԻͣСС̩λʲôɽ磬ԯֻԻʥأģһŮӣĿǳҲĿˣ⸴壬Ӧ߻̼䣬˷ּȫնɱ
㡭
ԯһʱƴϧƾ޹ȫѾԯ｣׷ӡӡĴڡ
ԯ｣ԯĻᣬвԯ˵ˣھϣӦǾͻ㷴ԣȫ»Ȫ
ҴӦ
˭֪ԯĹϴӦˣָһͨͨͨԯͨ
ʶʱΪܣߣ
һߣһӣһʮˣ˲Ϣ֮䳯ͨȥգ۾ͽͨʧ
øֶΣϢڣص֮Ҷ֣ĸϣ
ӰֻܿغӵŤ֮УҶ̩ӣ̩ǸϢϧ޷׽һǰ㡣
ԯңиӶˣ
Ҷȵͷ·ֻغӵĺˮԪùĺˮôڣ
Ҳֻ֪غˮ֪ԯӺδõˮǲ˼飬ҶЩ
ಣ
˽̸Ƭ̣㻯ΪŤգͨǰȥ͸쳣ƾ۸
䡭
ȻǷӡŤĺӵͻȻըһˣһ߾ߺʬ壬űը˦ԯƵ˱λѮ߱һһɳֻغӵϿգʣʮˣֻɾûʲô£ˣв̶ͬơ
ϣô죬û뵽Ȼԯ｣Ļ̫Ҳˡ
һλϣʹ˵
Ҳ׷䣬ԯƵԯĶһ峤Ź£ԯδ̳ˣԯƵ䣬ԯҲԯ｣ץס֪䲻顣
ʱģȻˣС㻹ڣӵ洫У϶˵ڴ䣬ˣ뿪ֻغӵȻŴ½ˣ뿪Ŵ½ãŴ½Ҫױˣ
ɾߣ˵
ǣϡ
һɾͷΪԯ񱲷ʵǿߣ˶˴֮໥ͨȥ
ٿ
ͬһʱ䣬߻Ϊ磬ͨֻغӵ޳ֻغˮʼѸǳ


258 ԯ
䡭
֮ͨУԽֻغˮ񷢿ޣ޵УŤͨͣתͨ޾Ԩ
ֻغˮǿֲ
㾪ˮ֮УҶ̩ʯӲ³ֻغˮײ˶ͨˣֻغˮȻֲԶ˺̩̤ɣӵ޵Ҷӵ̫ǡаħǡ
ֻغˮҲ֪ǱԯŪģʮ˵ãǣֻغˮѪħΪһ壬ԶҶ˵̫ҽǡÿѹħ̫⣬Ծκħ
ֻغӵҶ˵ֱ绢ʩչ̫⣬κֻغˮ̼䱻ɢҶ˵ʱֻغӵҲԲһ̫ĳףôҲԶˡ
Сģлأ
Ȼ̩һХɫ࣬ǰŤѪȵĺˮͷƣЩƾ֩ͨڵסǣֻغˮƯΣֻغӵ޴£޷ס塣
ƣ
գ֮䣬ƹѾ˲ʮףҶȻչʳָǺһָָ
ݡ
˲Ϣ֮һϸϸ˿ռն˿ڣֻ֮̿غӵصһն£һ˲նϣɱһͨ
ҶȣֶԽԽֻѪ֮жȫûյϹħѹƣħպѹ
ɱһ̩ͨӿһĻаҶȳޣͬʱҲҶԽأֶβֱȣҲضãң̩ҶһҲмʱ䣬ûҶܣӾҶͨ
꣬ź޵ҶȲɱˡʵڡ᰷¹ǿߣɾ磬նɱɣɱķףǱ飬һ֮նɱɣһĻĻ̩ӶУҶȵĲԲžҶȺ
̩֣ãʲô
аɱһѪ·ʱӭֳһǧ֡ǧŵѪЩֳָι״ֻغӵƮƮȥ֮࣬ǣצͷſֲħ
̩ͻͻش˫ͷŰЩѪԴħݻħӦԯ浱ħͨʩչͨЩħʮǿ󣬸նɱͨ쾳ʵ
ңɱʣʷɣ
ɲ֮䣬̩ӰҶȻ˫һ֣նɱͨŽĪҺͨһα̩ʩչ
䣡
һ֧֧ƴʣ̩˫ֽһӡ֮󣬴ռ籩곯ײСѪȳħҶ֮ƣǵصϯԵʷһ˭档
ЩϹħȻƽʿ⣬ƽײһ̣˲䱻նɱһħڻƽʱʷ£˲仯Ϊ촷ۣҪô߹һѣֻغӵˮ֮С
ЩħȻ˵ãһӵͨף߽̩֮УǱǿҲɱ˳
ħУһǸʴһеֻغˮһ棬ײаħֱˮȣ˷ʤҶȽ̩ǰ֪ħ̩ӸӰԵʤһ
ƺ쵽ڡ
̩ͫ񣬷ŷ˿Σֻغӵ֮УЩڣ̩Ӿ񲪷ҶȺطȥ
գħڣһ޴϶Ư֮УΧûκκˮҲûѪˮ·ȻһѪأѪͷħ棬շŷħ֧š
ϹѪأŷѪԴѪȼյħ棬նΧγһԲѪɫħ棬ƯӡЩħ棬֮Ͽռ䣬˲ɿĻ
͡
ô£
Ҷ̩ӴͨռһɲǣͱħֲϮȼգҪ˻Ϊҽ˶ǲħʱֵܵħȼһ˲䣬ռ䣬˲޾ħ档
ԯӲܽģѾƣԯµϹŴ󣬶ң·ѪأӦþѪڣԯѪֻغӵ趨ķκˣҪħ֮Уֱħ滯ΪҽѪɱκɾͷֻʱˣ
̩ӼʶһɨѪѪֻغӵ߹ϵͨ͸ףħռ䣬Ҳܣڻħ֮м֣ʱ䲻ϺƣҲҪһ⣬·һ
·Ѫأ븡նΪһ壬ûд֮ǰȥûκΣգһ󷨷Ѫؾͻ᳹ͷѪκ˽ڴˣȻһʱɱһꡢʮꡢꡢǧ֮󣬾ɾǿߣҲҪΪһ߰׹ǣԶѪԨ
һѪõȻҶȵú޵Ųõ󼸺ͬ󷨣ֲӵҶɾնɱôǿ֤
̩ӿҶȣһԯĵӦý֮УҶ֣ȻˣͲܰһˣʩչ̩λ汾Դ֮ҽУڵ棬ʲôΣգ˭Ҳ֪ҿҪȷֿûɣ
ã˵ԯȻʮѣҲϣΪɽرðգֵã
ⲽȫû·ԣ̩ϣҶҲʮ㡣
ߣ
ħȼյĻ֮УҶȡ̩ȻȥûʲôܵѹȴǳԽʵĪҺ־Žͨ쾳ǿߣҲܣҲֲ˶ãͻ׹Ѫأ䡣
ٿ
̩ͻȻվգ˿ͷųϢһɺϢ͸ŷ֮Уգۣ̩һץҶһ֮ΰ˲ͻħ磬ֱӻѪط븡ն֮С
ڽˣ治ףԯӦһϹʥɽɣ
ͻѪطӡƯǹ϶ǰڸߴɣҶ̾Ϣ֮ʱ̩ȴһ麹ղͻѪطӡĴ޷ƵҲǣѪԵֵɾǿߣ̩ͨסĽֱܽ˼飬ѾǸ漣漣Ȼ޴
ûԥ̴󲽽ǰ߲¶֮С
ö༫Ʒʯԯǲ˼飬һһľʶʯ룬öԡ
ٴת䣬ЩǹϻߵĶһľɽȣɽȼ½£һ¥ͤɽķɽȾͷưĹ͸ԡ
ɾǿߵ˲˼顭
Լķֱ̳ףԯһȣ֥ʯ֮Ĳ࣬Ҷȡ
Ҷ֣ڿʼҾͷֿжԯȫǱʯ鱦ˣֱѰɽ籦ȥˣ
̩ӿɲҶȣֱǸؤǣʲô˼飬ֱ̩ӻΪ磬󷽣һͷŷǷԵı

Ҷȿɲȥ˰ѺôռˣͷǿԪ񣬶ʱԯһ̺ԵĵطȫԪĿ֮£˼飬ֱ֮УֱԱˣǰԶӦôһֱ˵á
Ҷ˲߲Ӱ

ԯ룬ƹǰԯ߻ԯˣһǰԯѾܵгԽԯģʶȤ
ӿ첽ռԯбԯĿ϶ǰװ߱ʱԯ｣ˡ

ԯľȻվֱֱģҴѳһץһɹɵ֮Уһޱǿ֮ͷųԯĸ߸ϣˣͻ仯ԯ｣ʼϲ
˭ԯԯ洫ˣԯӵȨһжϣԯԯ｣Ϊܴ汦ʵڸֻ̤غӵҾʹ߶ֻػ󣬴ʱ˿̣˭Ҳ뿪ҪᣬΪԯԶ
ԯѣԯ｣ĥɭɭȵɶڿʼ񣬾ɱԯģһƻҵжȳȥ֮ԯ峤պͳһ̩λ棬統̩һģһ
л峤
ԯ㶣֮ƺûϵõôôͷһЦԯɱȥ
¡
ԯͨǿʵԯĺòݣ˫ƣ泯ԯƳһɾ޴ɽХԯײһͱըһ̣ԯĳûߡ
ӣ
һûԯģͷŵˣԯ÷ζ챬ըһССͨһߣЩԯô̵ڶŭسԯ׷ɱȥ


259 ٵôǧͼƬ
ߴˣԯ
ԯ｣˽ˣػ󣬾ľͷˣԯ｣һ֮ͨߣõԯʹͣɷҼ׽̣Ϊɽ̽ͽ
Ȼԣ㹦ͣԳΪͽ
ߵ˵ͷޱ飬Ȼɫĵ㲻Ҫԯˣԯʱ⣬Ҫõ̩λҲ£ѵ̩λһˣҲҪˣ
̩λһˣ
ԯ｣էȻƺ¶Щ⣬ɫ˲䣬һмߵ｣δ֮ǰ羮֮ܣСС̩λΪĿ꣬｣ԣ֪һУСС̩λʲô̩꣬λ̩Ҳ̩λߣɽ磬һֻ϶ѣҲҪ̩λ棬ֻΪɽһӣߣССʹ߾ӣ

ͻȻִЦһԯ｣򣺡ĿҲСҪ׽һʹߣҲ򵥣ɽ磬׽ʹߣҲΪһӵأãߵõԯҡǧ䡯Ȼ㣡
лߣ¸мؽΪ߾Ϲѣ
ͨһԯ｣͹˺ߡǧ䡱ǰݾߵ񣬲ߺ׽̶֡
׽£ȰѾϢ֮Уɽ編̳ļأɡ
ǧһԯ｣ϱʧһ۶ʱϣңں棬һȼյĻ棬ѪĿϺۣʮۣһɨԶҲǡ
ԯ｣ϲʩ񣺡
ǧڽȥٸ㣬ߣѵбռҪȡԴȥɣ
ಡ
ԯ｣֮Աߣȥٶ֮죬էࡣ
ԯ½磬ҲǸ⣬̩ұ⣬Щԯ´ξ̩
ǧգϸ˫һ֣һץſ죬ȻֱӰԯĹԣ羨Ϻһ븹УʧٶȣֱԽ˳
ţ
ǧͻȻյĵϢ֮Уʲôͬ˫üһ壺ôʶϢѵ
ӦòᣬôҲҵԯϴıĪǷã㻹ã뵽½ƻ̳һͳ½磬˭ҪһһѹΪߣ
ԯƵޱߣ
ͻȻһƵĽͻأ̳֮Ϣһֱ̣ռ϶ΪһԳ˷ʤ
ߣС󣬽ˣƣ
ǧ߾Ȼң콣üһ̣ͻȻʳָڽһ㣬һѹǽѣȻһ˲˺ѣͬҲΪ֮һƬվȻҲ֮ѡ
һ֣һգۣһͻռ䣬ʵ졣
͡
һİСĻ˴ձ˳ѪˣȻԯλѮɾ档
ɾ׾ͷȻǧһ£ˣ޵оͷ϶ǧ侪Ϊˡ
滺̧ͷ¶ſ°߲ºۼ˻Ƶĵ㵽Ǻηʥ̩λ棬ʮ۷嶼Ķ֣ĪԺ޵ǿߣʵµļƻõԯ屦⣡
Ϊһɾǿߣԯλ޵оͷȻ֪̩λЩǿߣʲô߶ȣǰλصǧ䣬Ȼһֱɽ¶ˮһ֣˾춯أʵ߼ɵ𺳣̩λֻԺ֮ٵظ֡
ʲôԺԺһȺ߹ٻãͻɱԺؽڽ̣
ǧ˫ͷ޵аղţˣƣȻͰԯǧԯ֮ϣǧ΢΢һЦ㣬㲻½֮УҲվڶͶ𣬽ȨƲ̩λ棬ߴڵɽ磡
ɱˣҸڴ˴ԲѣϷ̤Ѿ꣬ϷڿʧٻȥҲڻһ곤̾ŷӲϡ
ȷûԵͶ𣬾ͻӵдˣϧҵĵˣֻ·һɣ
ǧһ⣬֪ûбҪ˷ѿ֮࣬ȴһɱ˫ͫ͵һֱӼߡ
䣡
ɽߣǧ֮У⣬Ȼ޵оͷ޻֮ˣ̫̬
֡
ոշһ֮ҶȾ͸ܵѸʧֲһɳԽͨ쾳޵ս⣬ҶӦԯλɾߣԯλڶɾǿֲս⣬˻ľֻѡЩرȻ
ɾҶȻδʶĴڣ̩ӾɾǿߣȻûɾʵնɱͨŽĪҺ֮ʱǹ޵ܣһֱҶ޷ǣԯӵɾǿߣҶѣһ˵һ񣬾޷ֻֿ·һ
öʯЩʯ̩͸ҵʯƷʲ࣬ɽ֮УȽͨʯ
ҶȽһʱ˵ǶѻɽʯҶȺɣһ֣ʯ޽䣬ʯɽ籦ȫҶ޽䣬ֻϧûзʮֲͬɱ
˾޴󣬻ٷ֮һ϶иӷǷɱ
ӶһҶӰһڵڶȻʯ֮࣬ˣɽ籦ʯɵװαҶҲͳͳ޽䣬ЩװαʯҪֵǮȥɽ磬϶üǮ
Ҷ٣˵㣬̫̰һṦ򣬾Ͱѹ֮һȫߣڣѾڹУɽвֵıҶȶߣʯȵȣҶȸֲ޲óǧš

ոսҶȾˣһɹǿʢԣֱ˲ҿҶȶһϿգƯǧ״ǧٹ֣еֻƴСеľһСɽ
ãЩȫߣǾͷ˴ƣ
ҶȼæȥͻȻڿ֮ʱҶͻȻͣȻͷŵ⣬ȻʮֲۣҶڣȴǷ̫¯֮Уһֱûκ춯Ĵǧͼͼ飬ȻҶȽ󣬿ʼ
⡭ѵڴдǧͼͼƬ
һɲǣҶѹǧͼ춯϶ܵͬĴڣôֻһֿܣǴǧͼͼƬ
ڴ֮ϡ
ͷŴǧͼһλ֮Ľ⣬֮ϣɢɱƺʧȥ˸ȫɢڱܡ
Ҷ˲ֱ֮ϣһ߰׹ǣҶȾ϶ԯһػԯû뵽ɽ䣬Ҳ֮ȥû˱𣬷ҲҪȥ
öֱǡ
ķǸɱҶȫ޽䣬Ȼ˷󷽣Ȼһɱ֮£˸ǧͼͼͬϢĽ⣬ҶͷǶɱɱ˲𿪣¶һöǧͼͼһģһͼ飬ҪҶӵݣһ
ϹŹž̺ǧλ꣬ǧͼͼһǺӻ̺صġ
ٿ
Ҷ֣ǧͼͼֱӷҶȸУ뵤Ȼ̫¯֮С
ˡ
һӵײ̫¯ڴҶȼæͷԪһǧͼȻһΣϵʮнһȱڴڣвƬδ֪ţֻռȫƬôǧͼͼ飬лõǧͼеߴڡ
Ҳ˰
Ҷȿһ֮ͼ飬ϲӵеڶͼ飬ߺ϶ΪһôҶԺռ䣬͸ףǰһγ;󣬼ҪķҶȸŴǧͼͼԺԽףңǰô
ԽԯӵǿӡҲ£ӽԺ˭Ҳ޷赲ҶȵĽŲﶼȥá
ǿʢĴϢҪԯȥӦòǳ룡
ҶȸŴǧͼͼӵеڶͼ飬̫¯̫ٶؼԺǺӣֱ練ƣҶţɾǿߣڶԷ£ȫˣκͨ쾳ǿߣٶҶɾ޴Σա
һͨʵڳҶ룬õɱ˵õǧͼͼ飬κɱڴǧͼǰֵһᡣ


260 ᱦ
ǧͼͼ飬Ҷȵ´ĸ֮ʱӰϵõģԺ󣬰Ҷȴӵһ·նħǣգնɱɡѹɣӹ׷ɱ
õڶͼͼ飬ͼߵ޷ĵزҶΣ֮ʱõͼͼ飬ν绢ӴɾٺģֻҪˣҶ˵Σա
š˹ˣУЩɱܰװױˣ
ջأҶȰѱΧɱȫ޽䣬ͬʱǱȻһ޴ʯ̶ɣʮ־ҶҲ˷ѣһͬߣȻɵƯеͷǿƿѹԴ
ЩǻʵЩżеȡ̫ԵҪշЩҲҪǿʵ˵һԣҪ֮£
Ҷȳ̫״̬£ȡһ󵶣֮ϵ޵ԣˣҶһ㵣û뵽ԽԤϣҶҪӡһȥ
̫ӳ֣
ߺһҶʩչڴϷһֱǧ׵ľ޴Ҳڽɫ̺̫⣬ͨΪ̽𣬶һͷ̫ǲ⡣
䡭
ټӳ̫״̬£ȫͬѰʥԵ̫ӳȫıʣѹκҪ־֮¡
ȻͣͷųһУʥʼһ̺̫ոմͷˣǣ̫ȫԽԵĴڣԣʼ
Ȼͻͻͻ£һ󵶣͵ͷǿʢԣʧһ֮С
ɶ񣬾ȻǱ롭
ʱ򣬾˳һԯ｣ʹλޱ߽߲ѣȻĿͻȻҶϣԺλѧҶȡû뵽Ȼ˽û뵽һɾߣƾʲôֶΣܰȫֻͨغӵܺ棡
ԯ｣Ǳ޳ܣþĻһвƿصģԯһ˵ģзݣˣҲˣ˭ʵЩɱ͹˭б£ȥᣡ
ԯ｣ҶҲΪ⣬ˣȻɱԯĴ磬ԯƵȻ֪ʲôֶΣԯƵȻԯɾǿ߶˹ȥ˵ԯ｣򵥣Ҷȱ뵱Դԡ
һСģԯ｣˿ӣǾΣգ鷳ԱҪ⡣
ҶȰԯ｣˿⣺ԯ｣ԯΪҪȻﵽ߽ͨף治򵥣ԴʵҶȻ֣Һõõڶݴǧͼͼ飬ɴռ䣬ȥ
ߣɱˣ
ԯ｣ƺҶȷȷһɾߣɾδ̤룬ôͨ쾳֣ҶҲԽӵնɱͨ쾳ǿʵҶȾǺδеľš
ɱ
ߣޱ飬Ȼȥʮ޹⣬⣬ȫ˳ߣΪһʬ⣬˲գ۾ͰҶȰΧ˸һǹ
ˡΪȻԯ｣֮ϣͨ쾳˽ŽôܡǿߣôΪܣ
ѵһǸߣӵɾΪҪĨɱκͨ쾳׾٣꣬ƿܣҲ£ʲôˣʵ϶һҪЩϣ޳죡
ݡ
ͨ쾳߽ߣͻȻҶȾǹǹǹ̵ÿռ𵴣Ҫһ㣬˵ʱʱ죬ѾҪҶͻҶȸûκηӦᡣ
ಡ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȹǹ̴֮ʱԹ޵ķʽƾʧ߹Ϊޡ
ʲô˵ã𣡡
ԯ｣ǰǵ̫Ϣԯ｣Ȼ֪ԣ̫ѹ£ԯ｣ȻЩ֪룬ǲһߡ
һƣͷǬ޵ейȫƣȥԯ｣ղ񷣬ʩչ߽ͨ׾ѹȣ͵Ƴƣֲȥ
һƣƿ˴һȫҪֹͣһɱ
ˡ
Ȼסԯ｣ǿֲһȴھҡΣ̫Ҳʱʱޡ
Ȼֵֹܵ򵥣ȴҪ㳹׻𡭡
סһԯ｣涯ŭ˫֣Ͻӡһ޴ֳϷ֣޴󣬶沼˸ģһЩ͸ŵϢ
ݡ
ͻȻԯ｣ط֣Ҫݻ֮ʱԯ｣ͻȻɱһʥǹƿջ֮ƣ׼ԯ｣󱳴
ţ
ʥǹͻԯ｣亹ֱðȻ߽ͨ޵ǿߣоͬСɣΪСģҲҪ³Դ㲻ǵ֣һʥ

ʧȥԯ｣Դ֧ţӳ֣ǵ֣£һըըȻþҡڣǧҲ½١
ҺüʱҪ𣡡
ڲԶһҶȺطɳڰ׺󷽣߿ڲ϶չƬգ˴̵һ㣬ƺ˸ûҶ뿪ΪҶȲڿռ֮С
СӣһҺ£վͷҪѹ㣬Ƴɻߣ
ʥǹֲ͵Ϯԯ｣׷ŭҲСҶȣΪ֪Ҷڻţûնɱ֤Ҷʮ˵ãܶͨ쾳߽׷ɱֱ߸˳ʶ
߿жôֲԯ｣ǧҲвʱգμ֤߿նɱ߽ͨ쾵ǿߣݺ޵С
Щ߿ܣǰĸߵǧ䣬һѹ꣬Ϊܣɱ
б£ɣ
Ҷȶԯ｣мХһʱ߿׷ɱҶȲʩչǧͼͼգΪС
ͻͻͻ
ŷֵõ̫ӳ֣ͻȻ̫žޣֱӰһڣǧֻʣ֮֮һټ
СӡȰնɱȻٶɱߵģѵ߲УѰһЩ̫źеʣҶȣɾܶԿͨ쾳Ǹ˵Ǻӵߣ
һ׸ߣ˵ԳΪʹߣܵõʹͣЩɱȷ󣬵ֱϴ裬ֵͨһᣡ
߿ܷɹԯ｣ȻҲʣЩϡɱȻʧΪ̳Ҷȹɱȥ
ٶԽ죬ңѴɱװΣҲһͬգƺߡ
䡭
֮⣬ڸ߸߹㳡գͻȻըҶȴзɳ̺԰Եĳǹֱƿոƹ֮ôҲ˦ǣҶٶȴףȻʮȴ߿ԶԶ˦
޳֣
ۿ˦׷ɱҶ󼸴գ٣ոͻȻһִֻΪһ֣Ժˮ뽭֮ƣҶѹ
¡
͡
ͻķ֣Ҷƿնһ˲䣬תȻȻɢ֮𵴰˷Ҷȥգȫ飬Ȼ飬ڲԶҶȴʮǱشշ˳һƵۣƶ
Բס³һɫѪҶȼæסΣķ鿴ԯ｣߽ͨ׺ÿֲ
Сӣɣ
ԯ｣ҶȴϢᣬ֪ɱҶѻᣬ֪ʲôط֣֣һֳҶѹ
ˡԯ｣
һ̣Ҷ֪ͨ쾳߽ǿʵ˵ͨ쾳߽ףͨ쾳ססĽЩͽǿߣҶҲǶ֣ͨ쾳֮С


261 Ѫ
ҶȾ֮࣬ӴѾ﷫һϹŴ֣Ըǵذѹ

Ҷʩչ֣֮ԯ｣ֲʵΪܿ⣬㲻˴ʣֱӴһץѹһǧ˲ץ˳÷ӡƣֱӳͷǵֺѹȥ
Сӡ
ԯ｣֪̾Ҷ⣬϶ΪһһͬԸ֣֮ʣԯ｣˵һνˮƯ
䡭
̺ǧѹֱӸѹڷ֮ϣ˲䣬뷨ײˮ໥Ȼ̺ҲǷֶ֣赲ֽҶȡ
ԯ｣ֶ̺޷ƽĹգ
Ҷȿɲ״ݻ٣ӡǧҲᱩҷߣʧ֮ǰҶȴһץ֮УȻͷȥ
ӣҶȡ̲ݻɱˣ
ԯ｣ϼ޻ҶԼǰռôָ̻ߣ׷ȥ
Сӿ϶ܲ׷ɱɱߵõȻҪһЩɱ
׷ɱҶȣ´࣬ԯ｣Ҷȣǧϣûӵóƣһ㣬ԯ｣ǧǿǲһǰ㡣
ಡ
ԯ｣ɭɭЦЦ˽ȥʼѹʣȻѴһбͳͳС
䡭
󹬵֮䣬ըͣ׷ɱҶȣ˱ͨ쾳߽ǿߣʵҶҶ֣˸û˼룬ֻǿܣһ׷ʹ򣬸ҶȲ׷ҶȲϢ׷ɱֹ

ʱԯ󷽣Ǹ߸֮ϣһϴ֮Уͷˮݰѹ죬ֻ̩ڴ룬һݷݹϵϢÿһ֣ƣǿһ֣ĪҺ֣ĵһ̣ȫָ
ȻҪӵʶΪⴿȻȲɽ磬½ȴǾ޽У
ϧʱ䲢㣬ȫգͻͻɾָ󲿷
̩ץʱ䣬ԯǵԴԯµĵ
̩ӣȻ㡭
ͻȻ˶ԯһͳԶŵţۡòǧ仺Ӹ߿һһ߳Χռ䣬ΪݣΪ·ͨѾԽ˷
ѵ
̩ͫ͵һգ˲䣬쳣࣬һӣʧ٣ת߿գǧ֮һգ̩Ӵ̾ǧ䡭û뵽ԯ屳ˣ㣡
̩λ棬ԯҪ̩һҪϣԯ壬ƿ̩λ棬½λ棬о޴
ǧͷۣ¶ŰĴĿ̩ӣ棬̩ڱǿϣ̩ң׽壬̩ʵ׽̷Բ̩ӣ׽̳Ϊɽһ̣ڻѡ񣬷򡭡
ǧ䣬׽צûͦ޴ڣҼܻ֮н⿪һ죬½磬Ρ̩Ӹвƺǧʮ˽⣬˿
ڣ㻹ʶȤǵ͸óװɱҲӲȥ׽̽ͽһ·׷ɱ㣬㣬ڱǰʲôҲǣ
ǧ¶Ŀ޷£̩ӣôڵˣֻնɱκв
̩ɱڣ˫ȭǷߺޣֻûʧȥǣ̩λ棬ɽ磬ҵ˲ҵģһԴ׽նɱ

͡
˵һڣǧ̩ӴһУһУȻ򵥣ȫԯԴ֮ϣ粻ɿܵķ֮С
䡭
̩ת֮УǧȻװ뿪ͻȻһɨͻͻ֮УʱըԯΪ֮ǧһжô춯ء
ҿɲûʱ̩ӣȻԺѧҾͻԺԸ㣬˶ãɽ磬㲻Ҷ֣½磬ȻѲֻˣ
ǧڨڨȵҲ̩֮תգ˫ֿʼô׼ԯȫ룬ѵֶΣҲֻһ̩ӣҲӵ뻯ֶΡ
̩ӾȻǸ߽֣ˣߡ
취㿪׷ɱӵУԪͻȻ̩֪̩ӾȻɾ޵ǿ߽֣ˣѾ뿪ѪڻŴ½һ֮أˡ
̵ô̩Ӷ޷ԱһΪ
ҶȺգһƻڵɱԯ｣пߣɾǿߣҶȿɲðգãֻ̩˻ܼһã·һ
ԯģӣֹֻͣش󣬷֮أ
ͻȻҶȲԶһٻӰǱطһ˵ԯģԯڷ׷ɱԯͨΪҪնɱֻͨһ׵ԯģ¡
ԯĲӵֻشԯԼͲԯ֡
ͨ쾳ɾǰԽնɱţһţͨһ׶ԿͨףѾһԺ¶һһ졣
ݡ
ʱ׷ӶǹڼԶգҶѸͷһɱ⡣
ԯôλ񣬾ͳʧܣʱԺסͲףһ޷Ը죬ҪԺɽ
ʩչǧͼߣҶȻԥԯıԯһ·׷ɱȥԯֻ·һһܱ֤ԯҿ϶λɹʧܣԺͷпܱԺҶûбѧԺ֪˶١
һûѧݣôһ׷鵽Ҷ䣬Ը񣬿϶ԲϧκδۣնɱҶȣΣ޷⣬ҶΪΣǳ˵Ρ
ԯ
ѪԯѾһգھҪֻش󷢶ԯԯ｣ЩˣһһնɱĿ
ߣ
ȻҶȴԯǰһ̤ЩԯͷɱҶͷԯģʩչǧͼͼʼռ䣬꣬ǻŴ½ȣ֮ǰѾԤϵһ죬Ѿꡣ
ڴˣ
͵ؼҶƾɱԯ޷һĻԯֻ֪ôңҪɾǿߣҲʮѣͨ쾳ûϣҶȾȻѳ
ΪʲôҾΪʲôˣ
ҶȸոͷŴǧͼͼƿգ̤һֲ̣Ȼβգδüں֮У߿ܣͷͨ쾳߽Ҷһ
䣡
ڻδʼһ̣Ҷԯڵգҵıըѿƿռشǧͼͼ˲ԨҶԯĻ߿ܣεرѹٴ˻ԯ
ǣѾԯ֮Уڶ֮⣬ȼħѪϷͻȻ֣޷ֵħ棬һͨȼգҶԯͬʱ׹Ѫ֮Уͨ׹޾Ѫ
䡫
̫⻤Ҷԯģ߿ܾûôˣѪħɱɾǿߣοǲͨ쾳ѣħ֮ʹʮ֮˱ħ壬̼׹Ѫ֮С
߿ܡΪڶ֮ˣ
ԯϿգԯֲԴǧ䣬Ӱڷɳһ壬ͻΪ˻棬ʧ
ԯǸǿߣѱնɱֲ̩˭ɱߣѵǸԯģ
ȻԯϢԯ֮ڣԯǸһͨ쾳һ϶첻㻹ʲôãɶԯӳȥӿ߶ֻغӵ鷳ˣ
ǧҲ׷ʲô£ŭ죬·ͻȻһָһ֮ʱǹɱȥ
͡
ΪʲôΪʲô
ֱָƿնκεƣͳͳɢѹҳһӣָòƫлռԯϣ˲ľͷֻǲ˼麰˼䣬̻ΪһѪ䡣


262 ħ
Ѫ⣬ڵϲͣ䶯ƺԯĿԩ겻ɢţĿġ
ַҲˣ
䶯Ѫ⣬ǧüмһЦɫյЦãͻϽԯǿһһԯԯ̳Ӷͳһ̩λ棬Ȼ½λ棬ҪΪһɣлõϽֱʱ׽̾ܺ绽꣬Ϊɽһ
̩ӡ̩󱦿⣬ҲҪõߣ̩ǸСӣ֪ôͷ̩ʮߣ̩Ϊͷ½磬̾޷֪
̩ӣáͷǣƱ̣һң꣬Ϊʹ
ǧЦһһյԴʵٶȣҶҲ̾Ϊֹ

ѪԴѪ֮ס
ȿȡ
޴ɴ֮£ѪȾʯ֮ϣҶԯһ׹ѪأѪٱϹħ̼Ҷ̺̫⣬ԯģʱûΣգҶĵ÷ǳ
Ҷȱԯ｣һΣֱˣѾΣյزѪأǻС
С㣬ӦöѪһ˽⣬ûа취뿪
Ҷȷվͷ̫¯̫ҿӡʱϯȫǣѪ̺ϹħҶڼ̫ⶼһգ̫̫⣬޷Ѫħ
ؼѪؽֲ̫ǧͼӡҶڣ޷߶ȥҶֻиѪأ취롣
⡭ܣ
ԯƱҶȻҪأվҶԣҶ̫̫ϱѱѪħʴŵϹħڷڵѪ磬ԯĵѪħ涼޷ﲻֻشƣҲûа취ǻǸȥһѪħͷѣˣҲҪնɱ
ҶһѪ⣿
µļأѪ·ӡϹħһѪ⣬Ѫ⣬γѪѪأħ˶ħɱ淢ʱҲ㱻ѵħͷնɱߣ
ԯĿɲҶ棬йǣΪԯ̳ˣѪرκζ˽⣬ϵõ洫УѪ֮Уʲôڣ˵ˣҲ·һ
ߣ
ͷ̫ǿʢħ£Ҷԯ׼뿪һ̫ܰѪڻ֮⡣

ͻȻѪѪʯʼѿ̤һһаħѷ֮бΪһֻħ֣Ҷȡԯץ
ߣ
ͻ仯Ҷȸûжԯһͬ뿪ֻȫסԯģѪԯ𾪵Żһݳ
ꡭ
ʱһħͻȻһסҶֱӰҶסͬʱаʼҶȡ
аħԣˡ
Ҷû뵽Ѫأоϵħԣ̫Ӵ󣬲˼飬Ҷ״̬ϱֿˣֻ취ŷһҶסס

Ѫأһοʼݣţ޴Ӱ˷ըʯһһݣһϷ̳ӳصȻסһֱһ״ѪɫѪ⣬Ѫ͸ħԣڲͣ䶯һ
ħ࣬ȻϹŷ̳ӡ̳ѾȫħѹסħԣãħͷҪ
һ̣ҶڿףѪ֮µħɣǽԶŴӡڴˣ֪ٸ£ɷһһʧħԾͿʼգħͷ׼Ѫأĵ꣬ħͷҪ֣ʱ˵̩λ棬綼Ҫħͷħ
ɶ϶ϹɱƳɡ
ħ࣬Ҷ֪ԯ棬ûпЦˣҲԿ͵ħͷħͷǰ϶е޵ǿߣڲһ㣬ǿЦ˵ڵҶȣ֮û˵ҶȣҲħͷ֡
ҶǺڲѣһΣնԤ⣬û뵽״
ˡҡ˭
ͻȻ̳룬˴סħ࣬Ȼʼ˵ˣ˻ƣո˯ѣûȫָ
ˣ
ħ࿪ʼѣҶ٣ֱð亹ûа취Ըħͷ϶ᱻħͷҪȻͻԶħһͬѹڷ̳ҶȻ޷Ǳ֤ħһġ
ˣҼˣħħǡħ𡯣
ҳħħΰħΪʲôһڴˣΪʲôһȵ͵λ棿
ΪʲôһᱻӡڴˣҵҵħĻڣҵıȥˣҳħħںδ
䶯ħ࣬ʼңħһۣʮֻ磬û⣡
Ҽˣɶġ̫ʼħ壬ȴ޷Ĩɱҵħۣҷӡ͵λ棬ֻذ˻ĴʧȥħԣԶʧ
̫ʼҳħһҪ㣬ΪԶΪħʹ
ֻذ˻Ĵ󣬿ϧ½֮޷ĥҵħԣħѣָʶҪҪᣬҪһ̫ʼ𣡡
ħͣǵۣڱûеаȴʮָɾ飬ͻȻҶϣħҲһ죬ȻһƷñħת
˵֮䣬ǵۣʼͷħʼѪһħգ࣬ҲԽԽ޴󣺡΢࣬ԹΪħļƷɣҪûʹ࣡
컯ȭ
ԳħвϳҶƶҶȳ׷һˣûзһʩչаħǿ̫⣬ҺãҶڹ衢֮УһЩ̫⣬ʩչ컯ȭȻûƽʱô̫ϣҲһѹԡ
Ҷϣһ֣㲻նɱħҲҪŪԷ
ţ
Ҷȿĳħ𣬺ȻҶ֮УͷʥĹۣʼζţһ̺̫̫ȭӳħϷʼħȻ
ǡ˴⡢ⲻǷ֮ǡôܣô˵͵ȵλ棡
䡫
ħ֮̾䣬Ѿ˹컯ȭһʽʥѹѪɫΪʥĹһа񣬻ϹħڵͷŹһ̣ɢ
Ȼûˣ
ɫ԰ףϢңδȹʧҶȾ֪ܵħȻȻ󲿷֣һЩħԣʮֹϣ϶ǳħû
ɶ࡭Ҳлл㣬û뵽õ󴫳Уӵʥټһǧ򱶣û뵽Ҹ֮ʣ͸˾ӴԺҵģ
ڵʧֻ֮ǱС˶ѣħڴۣһΣȼħ棬Ѫħһģһħ̰ҵģһжҵģҲкţʺϱħζ
˵꣬ħǵֱۣħ⣬˲Ҷ壬ħ΢΢Ҷȱ㳯£ƾҶôҲ޼¡
ħۣȻ־壬ħʼ塭ѵôȥ𣿡
ħ壬Ҷȸֿˣ̫У̫Ҳ΢ĺܣԿ˳ħΰħħʲôˣħɣԸһˣ׾٣Ҷӵ̫ԣͱħᡣ
ħڨڨЦƾ㣿˱ħͨ˯ȥɣӴˣħ㣬ǱħһԸ𶼻Ϊʵ֣
ݡ
Ҷ֪ȫʧħһ̣ͻȻҶ˫ۣĵȻһɰңһڵʥâʼͷţɫϢŵ⡣
ʲô
ħʧɫΪͻı仯֪룬̺ʢĽɫϢȻħˣݣãħоԼħҵĸףԴԴϽҶ塣


263 ɴ
ǳϢֱϹħǣȻðѳħֲѹںϹħʵڲ˼飬ͻ仯óħĿɿڴǵֱθͣ
ǡľѿϢ
ȫҶ˲˾ͷң֮УһǿʢͬʱܵħϹħȻľѿתΪԴԴϢӿ֮УͬʱǿʢҶȻһһָȫκʱҪǿʢ֮
ȻľϹŲ֮̫ܿԣϹħľܶԿѹаħ
һ̣Ҷ־ϲۿڳħֲħ£Ҫᣬ֪ľȴˣңÿƳħ
СӣϣʲôܣвѹħĴڡֱǸ̥ħôܺ塭
ȻԵаϹħľ⣬ħ֮࣬ƺû˿ģиǿ
ħ𡭡ҲһҪңܣڣҾ㿴
ɴ١٣
ҶͻȻ㲻ݣԳħ𣬾Ͳ˺һӵľħֻҪ취뿪Ѫأ״ӳħֱ̬ħͷߡ
취ֻһǾɴƻϹħռ䣬Ӷ׼뿪
ľָʵҶʮ侲֪Լͻɽ٣ܶԿħԡֻ취
ħʲôˣϹ˴ѹ޷ɱ޵дڣƾһ㣬½ɽ磬ɱħˣҲҶȲɾԸħ𣬼ֱЦ
٣㲻䷨κˣҲ϶Կ
͡
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷչ˫ۣ̫س⣬Խɵʼ߶طһ־
СӣȻٶԸҡߣٷȷ޷ı䣬Ҳκβٱħ˵͵ȷ򣬲ʲô
ħЦȻ˺һЩ²ؿҶȣŷһѴͣʱȥá

Ǿ޴Ļ¯ʼҶΧȼգһɴϢѪ֮ϣ񷽵ѪȻѪһУףײȻѪأҶٹĻգܵһϴѱϢ
ϢĲǿ־𣬶
ɾƷɾɷ٣ɾ٣ɽ٣ɽ١ɽ٣ɹ˽٣𵤣ɾʡ
ŴգҶ᳤̾˷ڴɴ٣ǰЩѣɽ٣Ҫؼ𵤡
ɾҶɾɹ𵤣ԣ֮У̺ԣΪ𵤣һߣԶţʿɾΪᵤڣֻͻƽᵤڣӵн𵤣̤ɵ
ҶȾǸ⣬ɾ޵ý𵤣ڽ𵤱ɾͨ쾳ҪǿԶҶ˵Ѿӵн𵤣̺ԣɴ٣ɽ٣Ҷ˵Ȼвܴ󣬵Ҷȴʮƽٳɹ
̳
ۿ֮գϢԽԽŨңɴضǣŪûŴ½ڲ·κ飬һ̸ܵͻϢ
ѵҶȣҪͻɴ١
Ŵ½Զ֮Уһ̩룬ǰƯһ֧ƽʣջƽ֮ǿʢصͻͷһɨӦĽ󣬹ͬ죬ͨ쾳ɽϢֲҪ취̳ͻɾҶӦûѱ䡭
ѪѪϷ춼Ϲħ档
ԯһϷӡֻغӵ֮У·ѪأȻ͸ʮ־ѵڶɽ١ΪѪ֮ףϹħͷû뵽ܻڡ
ԯüͷϣȻһĨϲ
СӣҲǸĺôͨ쾳ʬ취̳Ըʺ׹ħ
Ѫ·ħҶȼ̳̳Ͽգӡһλλͨ쾳ʬ壬ħɭɭЦǵۣʮֵ⣬Ҷ취̳ȴû˿ģ羭µˣŸոճĺͯƵġ
Сӡڷ֮У޽У֮У̺˸߼ѹħңħϣȻͬԴںϵôܡģǱҪõħͬԴԹûһ˿ħħҳħͲħħ
һ̣ڳħͫ˼̰Ŀ⣬ĵؿҶȣ޲һȥ
ħɽ֮УǿĴڣʶ֪˶ٸ£ȻҶȵĲɳȥ϶ߣܰҶħ𲻵ָܻ֮ǰ磬ԻͣħͬԴǰ޹˺ߣΪħΪ񣬺ݽħһˡ
ħͬԴԹŴ˵УδֹĴڡ
ɽ٣ɣ
Ҷڷ̳֮Уת̳ʯͷʮͨ쾳ʬһͬͷţӳҶ֮Уһ˲䣬Ҷȴδо˷ǿ󣬷ܴ֮ݻƵģӵ޵ĸо̹
Ʒʮͨ쾳ǿʬ壬ȫͨ쾵۷ˮ׼״̬Կɽ٣Ȼʮ㡣
䡫
һ˲£һ˵˵׽ٱǧ磬ƿ
ɽ٣˻׽٣Ȼˣһʮأʮ֮󣬱̤ɾ
˵׽٣Ҷǰ˻׽٣ǳԵһʮأһرһʮؾ硣
ҶȸסԼϹֿѪΧħѹħϹŷ̳һжΪһ壬̳ǱԴħǿѪصħͷҪ뿪ֻƻѪϲϹħлȥ
ɣ
һذ˻׽ٺХҪҶСС壬ɣݻ٣ҵİ˻׽٣ҶȾȻòֿ˻׽پ֣һǿ˻׽ץȥ
䡭ͣ
˻׽ٺػҶƣ׽ٵӶϯҶȫȻڣһ̣ϸ١һжڱ˻׽ٹ
ˣȻֱð˻׽٣ôֻ·һûл·Թţ϶ֻҶȸô
ž
ʱڣϸȵȲͣЪıըȻⲻȴڶҶëףһЩѪ
ǰ˻׽٣ȻԵƣ
ð˻׽ݻ٣ÿÿݻٵľȵȣڲϻָ˭Ҷʵ̫ǿͳԽɾֻ֣ͨɾİ˻׽٣Ҷ˵Ȼ쳣ʹ࣬ǺΣգһΣգҶȾͻʩչ̫ѹһľṩԴԴ
ҶͻȻָһץûнǴ󲿷ְ˻׽٣ȻҶץסҶŤѪذѰ˹ɰ˻׽ٴȥ
Сӣƻ𾫻
ħͻȻһ𣬼ҶȾȻѪأѪأѪɵĵһóħںϣָܻһʵ½磬޵еĴڣҶҪƻѪأħȻżˡ
ҲǸżħ޷ӰѳؿѪر˻׽ٹѪ͵ػζϹħݻ٣Ѫħһ֡
Сӣ֣ͣȥħĥ㣡ħһ̶񣬻ָħıɫֻǷ
ڳħͶҶȳ֣Ǿʹɽٷ򣬷ὫǿԳħɱȻħ𲻾巨򣬵ɲ˱ԴôҪȥ͸Ӳܡ
ɱ㣬ҲҪѹȥ
ҶȲŲܳħƾ˻׽ƻȻգڶذ˻׽٣Ȼˣڶ׽٣ǵһһ֮Ҳһ̺˻֮سҶȽٶ
͡
Ȼκηõڶذ˻׽ٹžըҶʹ֣ʹ֮Ҷһ飬ͻøڲͬ᲻ɴݣҶȴץס˻׽٣˵ͳѪش
ɶ񡭡
ħףǸէһϣıֱð졣
ţءءھذ˻׽̽٣ҶȻһذ˻׽ٺһαһʹǧ򱶣֮ѪһأʵڴĿģҶȸûкһƾһ׽ٶ
ذ˻׽٣ͳͳѪء


264 ֻ֮
ܾذ˻׽ٹѪأһƬǱһƬ棬ӷ֮Уðŵɫס
ɶ񡭡СӣһŹ㡭ҵıԴ
ᣬħû˸ղǸ׺ͰͣؤĿǱѪأֱʹֱǵǿ࣬ҪǸˣħ϶ڵϴýŵŵأޡ
֪ħ𱻷ӡ꣬ѪԨôڴ뿪죬ѪؾϣڣѪؼҪҶУħôʹģûϣ֪²뿪
ħ˭ҪԸңң㵱Һ۸Ҫ۰ɣ޵ʱ򣬵ʮ׽٣
ȴҶȿɲħᣬҪ޷
ڣҶȾǸˣ˸ĵͣ׽ٵⲻ֮ͣҺë񣬾ذ˻׽٣ҶŴ飬Ŵ飬ھŴ
һ˵Ŵ϶޷ҶȣӲ˵ŴҶӲȣﵽδĸ߶ȡ
¡
ǲգͻȻһ쳣ҵĺףȻ˻Ŵ½ʮذ˻׽ڳͣ˵˻׽٣ÿһֱа׾޴󣬰ۼһռǧ׿ռ䡣
һ˻׽٣Ϊͣ÷̳һ
ռصİ˻׽٣ҶȵһҪɹ˻׽٣ʮףҪܰ˻׽飬ʹ࣬Σ֮
ʱ̳ȫӿҶڣʮͨ쾳ǿʬ壬һֶѾ˸ʬش٣ҶҶͬʱְѷ̳ͨ쾳ʬߣԣʮͨ쾳ȻɽپͿһգһش٣ʮǿʬ壬¶ɹһ٣ʣ޼
СӡҪȥ
ħֱð̣η뷨ܾˣֻеҶȳɹɹɽ٣ҶȣڣֻܰѶȥ
һش֮󣬱˵ͨ쾳ôɾô
ͷŵë׶ſӭӵʮذ˻׽٣ʱҶ̧ͷ˲䣬ʮذ˻׽ٽˣһֲˣ
䡭
͡
˻׽Ѹײڶ̩ɽѹ֮ƣҶ壬˲Ϣ֮䣬׽ٷӿҶʼݻһУһ̼ԣ׽֮ȫȻ飬Ǿϣʹ࣬ˣС֮УһһһһиƬѹϡ

ҶͻȻ߾˫ͷŭ˫ͫͷ̫⣬ǿֲɽͻͻͻͳͳɱͫǣëҺ壬һεβð
ߡ
˻׽ٻĥҶȣݻʹ࣬Ϊħ𣬳ħκ˶֪ʹ࣬ҲͬҶȾԣܡ˳ŹȥģֱħͷҪܡ
ħʮһ㣬вҶȣһУ²ˡ
̳ӳ
ǸҶȸоԼȫ£ʱ򣬿ʼշ̳ʮͨ쾳ǿͳͳҶڣţҶȻľص
֨֨֨
˲䣬ҶڣžҲ飬ϸѪںϣʼҶ飬̳ζҲһʹ࣬飬ֵһᡣ
ڿɾҵĽ𵤣ԸŨңӼ᲻ɴݣͨɾҵĽȣǵͽͨ쾳ǿ߽𵤣Ҳȡ
죬ھԶɱ֣Ҳ㣬ʲôӴ֮˭赲ҵĲ
ҶȻһץѴ˻׽˳ħǳֱӰ׽Ѫشȥ

һ֣óħֻҪˣ֪һ׽ѪؾͱҶƻòģһ£ѪؿҪݻˣħȻżۣɱˣ¶ħͷԡ
ˡ
ȻǲϿգɾϢˣ֮һ޵سˣһͨŻŻһӵŻÿһŻƺװء
ţ
Ŵ½գڴ̩֮ӣͻȻۣ쳣𾪵ؿգŻ̾ҶȲ˳ͻɴ٣ӵϹΪ󡭡ɽ֮УǾţҲӵ󣡡
󣬵ʲô
̩ɻ𺳵ؿŻһ̣ɽţżδйŻļأˣȻϲֲ𺳡
˭ţϹ󰡡Ż⵽ʲôɽϼ֮Уȴû֡
ԯ֮ڣڷյǧ䣬ƺҲͨ˵ֱͨأ콵ٵŻ
ǧ̩Ӷɽ磬Ȼɽλ棬ҲСɽ޵λǣΪһˣֳʶӦ˽⣬ȴûκӳ֤Ż϶ͬѰ
ɴ٣측ꣻɴ٣Ԫɴ٣һɴ٣ȴصŻ
Ż쳯٣ҶҲˣŻһͷˮδ˵ʶҲһ˻ҪḻԺִȴûмŻ
ôܡ
Ҷһͷˮ֮ʱͻȻǳħѪذĿƿ˲俴콵Ż˼ֻ֮̾šôֻ֮ţ˵еֻ֮Ű
ֻ֮ţ
ħ𾪣ҶȲ³Ż϶ͬ죬ħʲôˣʲôûʶŻЪ˹϶ͬѰ
˵еֻߣӵеֻ֮ţôϣûֻϢ㲻ֻߡ
ֻ֮ţԶ֮ʱһλֻߴľͨͨӡֻ֮ļ̳ߣҲֻߣͻõУӵֻ֮ţҲÿֻߣӵֻ֮š㲻ֻߣΪӵ˲˼󣡡
ħŻѿֻ֮ţжô˼顣
ֻ֮šֻߡֻؿҶʮ⣬ֻ֮ţԼ֮Уֻ̺أܻᴥֻء
ͻͻͻ
ֻ֮ŽҶϷÿһŻش򿪣Ȼ󣬿ʼת޵ϢʼҶҶȸо̫ⶼڷڣǿľѿҲڷֻ֮
ֻ֮ǶôϡУʥ
ֻأֻأû֪Ƿڣǣȷʵֻߣһ׷ѰֻУҲûֻ֪֮ŵǷֻͨء
ֻ֮ţе񻰣֮š֮ŵȵȶǹϴ˵е񻰡գС̫أõֻϢһҶᣬҿնɱֻߣõֻ֮ţ£˭ҵĶ֡
ħաЦЦֱģֻءһҪõСӡһǱ
ಡ
ֹһʱֻ֮ͻȻͣסŻһһرգһŻţҶΧĽҲ׷ʧ
ɴ٣ᡣ
СӣѪأ˷ľڣҾҪ㣬㣬ɾĴˣ
ʧҶȲٱħħԴ󷢣ǵֱۣתȦŰҶȻƮ
ħ𣬾ƣҲᣡ
ͻɾҶ֮ǰˣʵɾٱݺɾ޵֣ͨ쾳ͽףҲնɱԳħҶ֪ûаգҪһԣ˫ֿʼһȭȭȭţȫص̫⣡
ʥȣ𣡡
ҶѸײڶ֮ƣʥȣһѾ컯ȭӡʱԱʥȣסԼӶȶ͵һӻ
꣡
Ϲ˴ѹħȻʥһ£ѷ죬ûȫ෴ʥȣȻҲѷ졣
ϧԸħ
ħǵͻȻתһɹɹħݵҶȡ
컯ȭ
Ҷ׼ַӡõ컯ȭ̳ħ̣ʥâϹŷ̳Ϲħɢ


265 ѹ
̳ȻϹŴɲöɣ̳꣬ɵʣ޼̳Ҫ챻ħ
ٿ
ʥĹ̫˲ڷ̳ȭħȥûκλֻʥľаħѹ
ɶ񡭡ʲô
ȭ˲䱬֮󣬷̳Ϲħ̼䱻ħǿСһֲ֣ħҲ٣ңǵͫȻ˿˿ħѪ
Ȼңɶۣ
ħƺ涯ŭˣͫͷɭɭɱ֮ǰδйģңǵۣȻ˸϶˵⡣
̣ʥһȻûȫ飬ҵʥȣټ¾Ҫױϣ˲ˣһʲôҪ
ڣҶʩչǿһУ컯ȭȻնɱ˳ħ𣬶ңֻ΢΢ˣҶȳ֪ħʵжôֲΪܶԿģҪ֪ǸղһȭնɱͨĽ׶пܡ
ƣ
룬ħǵۣǿֲ֣˺ëֱ߶ʮһƵʥȶȥ
ݡ
ҶŴͣȫӶʥȴݻһ̣ӳħۣһ⣬ͷһ㣬̾סҶȣҶȾ͸оԼ岻ָӣһɷͬѰϹħʼѹҶȡ
Ҷ̴߶ľѿȻɫâʼͷţսҶڵϹħϹħʵ̫࣬ľѿ̫С
ڿĵȻ̫ʱڵġͨš̫ͨʱֻ𰡡
ħסҶ֮ͷųԽ˵סطҶȣԽԽһͻῪʼҶɹ
ͨĴڣ̫ʱ񻰰Ĵڣ֪ΪΣ̫ʱ񣬾ȻϡֲãӵħͬԴͨʮ棬ţ£ãͨأΪڵͬ죬ԲħͬԴ
ֻ֮ǾڣֵͨһᣬκȲ̫鵽ڣͨȻˣҳ
ħһųءӡѹħİһ̰ķҶȣǵۣȻҶȵۣҲǾڡ
ֲľֿ̫ܵ⣬ϹħȻͨħͬԴϧ
ҶȸоԼԪҲڱħ֣ԸոճѿֲͨħħͷˣҲ֣ģҶȸоԼ˯ȻԼҪ˯ǣϹħ׿ʼѹԪ
ȷʵͬ죬ϧľ粻Ҫ޵˾磬ɱң׾١ӵд˵е̫еͨȴոѣôħĶ֡˲㣬Ϊ̫ˣһǱϧȫҡ
ħѾҶϷ֮УͷŸǿħѪħҪǿֱˮ׼ԯҲûĳħǿ󣬾ʮǧҲǳħ֡
ǿᡣ
Ҳܾô
ڳħΰѹ£ҶԪήҲ˾Ҫ˯ȥͻȻҶֱ壬ֱͦҧסأͷڵ𵤡̫¯ȫҪһ
ߵɾһҶȾ̫ЩأûаҶȱƵԳħ޷ܵħͷҶѾûκʱֻ·һǣԸҲҪһôһϣҲûС
ţ
ո̾ҶϷŰϹĳħһЦҪҶ֮ʱͻȻħҶȵ⣬ħ£ͶԳ֡
Сӣǰ֮ɣΪʵС֪졭
ħЦǿ಻ħڱγذɫͼڣǵ֮УһεħѪħѪһ֣ѪѪħӿԭһֱûʩչȫ޾
ʵʵʯȼհɣ
һʯ̫¯ȼգԣӿ壬ְѸոնõһǧȫͷ̫¯֮УԣʼƼҶ壬ҶƿЩԽԼ֮С֮ħԿ
ʱһһ벻ĥҶħԿһϢȥѪأʱû˿˼һգۣꡣ
ֵܼһȷǸţңħɽ磬ħһţ޾ѹţɽλ棬գ㣬ҵ˻ںϣɾɵ߳ƣϢɣ
󷨣
Ҷȵļ֣ħŭһ̣Ųƣħ֮ͷţһħƣʼҶȣѹơ

Ҷȷ˻ʹ೤Х˫Ѫ죬һͣ鶼ѣǿħҶͷ־֣ټֲ֣סͻΪ塣
ңħҪˣ
ƺҶȵͷħ쳣˷ܣͲסǵͷħ⣬Ҫ񷡣
𵤣ƣ
ʱ̣ҶҧסأѾ޷ֵĵزôӳ֣Ҳֲħֲħѹټȥ˵Աֻߵһ𵤣ɱý𵤱ըħͬھ
͡
𵤸ոռҶȾͷԼţ֮Уƺʲô춯ûӦûĹһһӾָͷų
⡭
ָҶ˲ף֪ΪΣ˾ָȻƽʱҲκľָ־ᶨʱ̣ȻֻӰӾָ֮зɳȻ໥γһϵ֮ͨͨУ˸̫ǿʢ򱶵ʥ⡣
ʥǿʢϢôܣϣô˿ֲ⡭ⲻǷˡҲɵǡ
ǡϢ
ħ˲סˣƺ֪ҪʲôµĺһĿη壬æҶϷߣѹҶе
ǣЩֶΣѾˡ
䡭
һصȻҶżһ֣ѪϹħ׷ױѹѪħҲȫɢ
⡭ϵ񡭡ôܳڷ磬ɽ磬ҲֹֻΣÿһζ춯ذ
žħɵˣǿСֻаװ󣬶ħУھ֮£ħ𲻶Ͼ̾߸ϵ󡭡ȻϹѹӡ֮У찡ʲô񣬾ȻΪ
ּǾħ𺳣Ϊħ𣬸߸ϣλʵ̩ӡǧˣ߳ǧ򱶣Ȼһۼ֪ˣжôֲ
壬У߰ʥ񰡣
ߣֻ
ȻһɫͷʥʥӰھˣ֮У޵֣ǾˣһУ߸ϵ֮־
ǡǡ󣡡
ʥӰ֮Ҷ˫̵ֱۣͫʥſʥӰȻ֮УǸԴ񹦣ڰޡ
ͨ
ħηη޽ɫʥӰ£˫ַأϿͷģ߸ϵˡСķˣˣԸܵͷҲô䰡
ǽɫޣھϵƺħϣ֣ħһָһɳԽħ򱶵ʥ˲ڳħ֮Уħ־ţǣȻûиܵʹࡣ
ݡ
ɲǼ䣬ڳħΧ˾ɵӡȦȻݵһħǵۡ

ɫޣջ֣ʥ⣬ʧ޼Ԧ˲ҶʧҶ˫ָţδʲôȻͷԪһ
Ϸǽɫͨʧ޼Ԧͨͨ޶ˣֻʣ¾ָʧȥ󣬹ʵƯ֮ϡ
ǡ䡭
ͻȻھָָ֮ʣһԺȻǿһķҶȶʱЦֲûɱħԭҿơ
ûҾȻû
ħƺ̧ͷֱһʧŸһ־ˣħǷǿħͷųŰ衣


266 շħ
ߣóħ𣬺ʱܹίСӣ
޼ԦȥԳħ˵ǻոջȲѣŵÿͷģڣҡһ䣬ֱŰħʼͣǵҲԽԽħݺᡣ
аĿҶϣɲǼ䣬ײŭţ޲ðҶһȥŰϹħҶȵɱ
ҳ
֪ħһˣոûƮԶҶȱһɶ޴ųħһץһؽɫʥ⣬ʱ˸

ħ𻹲֪ôһ£֮УȻ־ӡħʹ׹䷨̳֮ϣرQʹֱУһӡʼΧųħ𲻶˸ʥ⣬Ҫ裬˺ѷεĲҽУǵͫʼһεħѪ飬Ѫ˿
һᣬħѪһֲʵ㡢㡭ʲô
ܶʲôϣѾ߸ϵңֻ䣬ĥ㣬նɱ㣡
ҶȴʱħΪ֪ʩչԳħֻܽ⿪ƣκˣ󣬶ܽ⿪ҶһЦӸ£ħ𣺡ڵ㣬Ϊ飬ħ𣬷֮䣬ҾͿɱ㣬Լϣң㲻Իȥ뿪Ϊˣң˲Ϣ֮䣬־Ϳնɱ㣡
ɶ񡭡ɶ񡭡ħһţħ𰡣
ôԱһ˿ơҲģҲģǸ߸ϵħпܳΪħͳһħ
ħԸ˳ˣǾָħţô£ңԷǸˡ
ʣԹޣڵֿӡѹ£ħͫħѪħѪ࣬ͲСħѪι֮󣬳ħҲˣóħֿԽնɱķʽ
ҳڷǳСҲϵǱܣֻ֮ͨšȵȣ̤꣬ɣɹɽλ棬ңͻӵҵ˼ӳ֣֮·ҡֱϣ˵һ㲻Ը⣬Ҳɱ㣬ǽԶѹڴˣҳɾɵ֮½㣬ʱûлˣ
ԱĥӵĳħҶһҲǸģʹ˿øγϣһˣͿȥᱻħǿԹɣħ
ǣҶ˵ͻɾӵǿʵиֶΣؼʽԽħѹ
ڣҶҲʮֺ£Һýûнħնɱշôһ޵ǿߣҶȾͲηηβ̩ӲίߣԵ죬ҶҲʮ㡣
ұѹ˽갡óħҲܾôȥһҪһ̫ʼ𡭡

ħֻСöþҪѹֵزҲԽ˳ħߡ
ͻȻ쳤Хһƺ˼ʹҶȷǳԸ˵ֻ鳼СӣҿҲ㳼ҲҪΪ⿪ԶʹңҲ㳼Ϊûҳʵ㲻ӦֻͷŵԴһͬ»Ȫ
Ҳǿѹ˵ˣûʵҪ㳼ӴԺҪʹ
ҶЦЦóħħͷӦˣܶԷҶȶֶѹƼˣ˭֪ħ𻹲ЩֶΣ϶кֻ֣޷Կ飬ҪܶԿҲ
ҶҪǳħʵǳҳħʶҶкܴô
룬Ҷ촽ĬĬ䶯һһӣĥħʹľӡʧ

ӡһʧħ˿ʼͣǵۣҲٴ棬ƺһ޷¶Ρ
ϴǼȰħٵȻҲŪѪڴ߶ֻش󣬲þҪ𣡡
ûʹ࣬ħʮ̹ȻЩ⣬ȴҶû˰취ֻܿҶȰ
û⣬ûȻ壡
ҶһЦźѪطһץһʬ壬˲ӷ֮з˳֮еһʬ塣
ãᣬת󷨣
ʬ˲ڳħǰҲûʬģ̫ż࣬һ⣬˲ţʱѪء̳ħһһӿţħԽԽࡣ
ħȻûƭңĵħ죬Ҫͬھ˵
꣡
ĿӳħǷջǳŻȥҺҶڲóԶ̵θһץסʥȣŲסħ͵һңѵһħѿһȦȦڷ̳ϣö

ûħֲѹƣҶڣͻɾҶ״̬δйʣЩεظʥȣһƵϧˣʥһûüƽȫܣҪٵˣ
䡭
ͻȻѪϷһ캳صĺХѪˮŤڷҡ
ԯڴ߶ֻغӵҪԯ｣Ǹ̩ӵߣһͬԯ𣡡
춯Ѫ֮ڷӿҶȶоʱᱬըʧʥȳħȥ
ӻԣ˺ã
ʬ塯ͻȻ˵ˣңʬ屻ħסڳħǿҲˣҶȳʱߡ˫¶аħ⣬Цϴ󣬿Щ֣ҪȻҿҪԶѹڴˣ
ߣΪˣɻ
ܲˬĺһҶȶǰħ֪ͷ̫⣬ȻȫŰħѹͻ

һħʥȹ£һһѣħûжϣҶȸʱȴʥȿʼѣʱħüĴȻǵۣ⣬ħȻ顣
ǧꡭ̫ʼڳˣŰɣһȥɽ磬նɱϣڻš
ӵĳħȫһˣûôѪȣģǣռݵ⸱ȻȴЩ˵һۣ֪Ǻˡ
ÿϧֻλѣ˲飬λɽλ棬ҲǱԺһϴ󣡡
ħ֫壬Ҷȶʥ̾ħֱҡҡͷǰֻһ㣬ϵȻǷȻѵħźöħǻ̫ʼøֱɣλ̳ӵ
Ŷ
ħôһ˵Ҷ˲ħƬȫռһʣʥѾȫ飬Ѫط֮С
ϴȳȥֻش󱬷ΪֵסҪ֪ϷˣմȾһ˿̫ʼܲóֻغӵҲǷܿģ
ħŵѪأҵľڣȻϴ󡭡ƻ߰˰ˣʣħҪһһգָ
ֻغӵֻش󡭡ֻ֮š̫ʼ
ƣĪǣڤڤ֮Уһжϵҵֻ֮ţ̳ⷨǳԻ̫ʼ֮֡
Ȼ䣬ħһ˵ͻȻҶ񾭣һƺһжйֻ֮ţ϶뷨̳һϵ
Ŷ
ħƺҲֶߣ˫һתħˣֻǵۣȴ֪ںδħȻֵ֮Уͨϵͨű֧صҵħɸ˵硢ɽ硢õֻأֻ̺ͨأ˻̫ʼֻߵˡ
ǻ̫ʼֻߣҶȻһ
Ȼһôѹң̫ʼֻУΪǿһˣǳǧȥΪʣһվɽ۷壬Ǹʱɽ񣬵λܸ߸ϣ޷
ħͷĻԹ޵ĵ
䡭
ͻȻѪѪصѪˮҲʼڣӿ˲ٺ
ȥ
ϢѪҶ֪ϾҪ𣬶ڣҲܿԯ˴һѪ
ϧ
ħűɻָѪأֱţֿϧһץѷ̳֮УȻüĵֻ۳ˣͷ⣬ͻͻͻɨѪط档


267 в
ѪؾҪ飬Ȼǡ
һ׵ĹѪأһ̧ͷҶȾͼԯһϴ룬һŵģͷŵƻ·ƿصϹŴ
ϹŴֻ̺غӵͱڵĺˮ׹ʯȼյĻ𺣣ѩԭԼ˶Ѫڴͷţι״ԯ֮С
ʼѣԯ֮⣬һ޴Զ°߲ľ޴ӡ壬ѷԽԽܼԯĲϴطӡֹϴ˷ӿӡ壬ԯҪ飬ըʧ
ԯĴԯӵƿصķϧΪ̫СΪ˲ü屦ⱻ˶ߣòݻ٣ʯ٣һУ˵Ҳֲᣬб˭ܣʧȥ⣬Ҫ˼壬ܡ
㡭Ȼܴħͷѣ
ԯ䣬üͷκˮƺҪԯһͬ𣬺ȻܵԳ춯Ťͷһ־ϲ
Ѫ֮£ûʲôħͷֻӡһϹħ
Ҷȿɲ֪ħĴڣħҶһʤ˸ڣѪ֮һʴȻְԯļϣȰ˵뿪ɣıʷ֮ˣǿ쳣ϧıԴлֲ˺
ʵҶȿһӡѳԽȼս𵤣ȼձԴϧȼԯһͬ䡣
ƣֵãңҲһɱߣͷΪǳ嶯ǡ
һµΣ
ԯһƳ޹󣬴ʱ˭Ҳ޷֪ĸܣ¶Լڡ
ȻһҪҾһ֮
ҶͻȻǰһ߶̫¯ȼǧͼͼ鿪ʼͷӿҶ壬Ҷ˫һ֣һץմһӡһλϢҶͷų
ԯıΧرλϢòҪʲôߣȫֻغӵӡƿߣ޷㡭
λ籩ͳͳɣ
ôǧͼͼԯ֮˺һռѷ죬ţͼʼץһ籩Щ籩ԽɱɾǿߣڹǺ֮УǼʷ籩Դݻκʯʡ
ɾˣ⴩λ棬ǿ־λ֮дڵĿֲ籩һ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣλ档
½򣬲λеĺɳǼ֮λ棬λ֮йλ֮Уλ籩ӿ񱩣Դݻٴ½һһ޴籩ԻһСλ档
籩λ籩ô
ԯļһ籩ӿԯʱҶȾΪˣҶΪһͨԯ֪ˣʵɾҲ˵еˣҲܡ
λ籩δš
¡
Ȼ䣬ʮλ籩ԯһѣ޷λ֮ʯ½ȣλ籩ܻһڻ£һʱ֮䣬λ籩ʼԯɢת󣬾Уԯһɣʣʯڷ籩£Ϊĩ
ߣλҪըʱѪҪλ籩֮ݻ١
һۿȥԯ֮г˺ڶǺУ籩Уӵ뿪ʼʣڽɷ飬˵һСķˡ
ವһҶס𺳾ԯģٴʩչǧͼͼƿռ䣬մʧ
λ籩Ȼӵж򾧱ڵ½磬Ȼ򾧱ʮִҲҪʵܴ󡭡
ȻѪɫ֮Уһ˺ӰԨҶʧգͻϹŴѹĳħ𣬴ʱͣʮң񲪷ɭİһ񣬾˷ë
ħһɨɭɭһĨмĿڱλ籩֧飬籩ӷӡѷԯɭɭһЦ˼ȻСϢϧΪ֮һδָһƵʹ½ˣ
ಡ
ħһϢת֮Уʧ
䡭
ʮ֮ԯһڵĺɫλƻֱ֮ӳƷӡѷ죬ƻ֮һ֮ͻȻֹͣţһ˲飬޴ըڲը˲ڱը֮УΪ촷ۣѪҲը֮һһɣ췭ظ
λ汬ըγɾ޴ӵײһʲǺˮֻغӵʯͳͳɡ
ѪϿգƽĺͻȻһ籩ֲѪ캣ˮΪħ
ȿȡɶԯģߣģһҪնɱ
ٿӰǧ䡢ԯ｣
ǧϿȥûʲôѰǣƣȻƳһѪڣɼλ籩ӳ˲ٹ򣬶ԯ｣һ֣ŭڣ˿ڣɼǣѪ
һŮˣˣ˷Ѿû뵽ԯȻֶΣȻӵпλ籩ֶΣΣ﷭
ǧƽѪҲںϣѪڿʼϣˣָ˾ˡ
ԯ｣Ǳ˫۾ֿѪ֮ݻ٣ǧ䣬ʵߣѾõһǸʲô
õԴʼ̳ҪĻǶԸ̩ӣ˲ʼĸ󻼣
ǧһɱ⣬ԯ｣ɪɪƣͨ쾳޷ǧ˼Ƭ̵ڿʼ񣬾ǴǱԶĽͽԸ̩ӡ
̩ӡʲôˣ
˰죬ԯ｣ûңеףǧҪɱˣ϶ͬ졣
ǧ̩Һᣬ̩ĺ̸̩֮ʱСˣһ½磬ƻļƻ˲ʼǸʱը㲻õģ̩ӱɽ类ˣֻһһͨ쾵ʵ㲻ٷڽͽ㣬Ϊߣնɱһ̩ӣӦò⣬ãʱԴɽ磬Ϊ壬һõ
ֻҪǱ̵ˡһ뾡취ԯ｣ĵ˵ɽ̩ӡ
ڶǱͽ֮УҲһλȵʹߣ⣬ĬĬĻǱһ֪ͨ磬ҪԸ̩ӣǳף˺лնɱ
˵֮ǧ޵Ϲž˷һץͰԯ｣Сһץģŵԯ｣ֱ£ֻǧָһͷ޼᲻ݵķâָ湴ϳԯ｣ͷ­֮С
ҵ壬챬ըˣ
Ƴָ£ԯ｣໲ҽУ͹ö챬ըһѪƣѪѪͫڱǡҲػӶ˫ֶץ
ǧɲжʹָ࣬չ£ͷųԽϢָӿԯ｣ͷ­Ȼֱڵ⣬ʼžըһѪҺëĿˣʹԯ｣ޡ
ǧͻȻջ֣Ϊ㷥ëϴ裬ΪѾӵͨ쾳۷ʵǧͻɾ
лߣ
ԯ｣֮ԱΪֱ߽ͨӴﵽͨʮףʮУҪǧꡢܴﵽԯ｣ؤϻʵװʮ㡣
ҲΪҡֱϣҪǣԯ｣ǧ֮֮Ϊëϴ裬ֱӰɾ֮壬Ȼͨ쾳ΪʣѾɾˮ׼һ̤ɾԶһɾǿҪ
ܳɹնɱ̩ӣɽ磬ڽ̣ǧһЦһм
һʣǧ˵׾٣ˣװ׸˺ôһˣûеõõĶôԯ｣³ҡ
ԯ｣ûе˱ԣȻʵʵվǧԣһ㣬ǧܸıҲܻ㣬ԯ｣ʵߣȥλʹߣʲôˣҲԺѧ
ǧһЦһ͵ݵĴ½ڼǧǰͳΪԺλѧȻλѧʵȴɾʣʱͻɾ
ѵǵ졭
ԯ｣͵һѿڶݴ½ţԺλѧͳεǣ߷緶һʵף˲֪ţ졣
Ȼԯ｣ʣǧڨЦץԯ｣̤Ŵ½֮С


268 ನ
С㣬ԯˣ볤뿪˻Ŵ½ԺЩλѧ
Ŵ½֮УһûӰĴׯӰٴշҶԯģׯûκϢԯ
ǻҲɣֻҪ͵Ŀĵأ̷С㣬ȸȥһϣ
Ҷȼ򵥶һ䣬˾ʧתͳһƬɽ롢ɽ֮УȻһӰɽһ˲Ҷǰһ˵̩ӣϢʮֻ
̩֣˵ĲᡭҶһ̩忴߰˰ˣݽߵʮȫƺأʵǰʮ֮һֻɾʵ
ҶҪնɱ׾١
Ưڼžɽգ˷󣬺ХѹȲɽ

̩Ӻε˿Ҷ֣֪Σпԯ׽½һλߣǧ䣡
ҶէȻһ㵣ξȻʶ׽̣ңһλ½ˣӣ̩Ҷ͵Ŷߣ׽̽ͽ
ǧ׽ڶ֮һ½磬Ҫ̩λ潨̳̩λΪӪӶ½磬½λɽ磬һǿߣ½λ棬Ϊ׽̵Ĺ
̩Ӽû뵽ǧԯҺأɽԯ壬Ѿ׽շ˳׽̣ǧԯһͳλ棬Ҷ֣ǧ֪ҼԺԺǻزȥˣңҪϱܿǧ䣬Ҹصطˣһʱ䣬ȡָɾʱԸǧ䣬Ҳǿ󡭡
û⣬Ȼˣ״̬ȷʵԸԶԸ㣬ԺҲ޷赲Ĳ
һλˣ½磬϶Ǻ绽꣬վڶ㣬֧һУҶһ㣬ߣѹħǱ̩ӡǧǧ򱶵ľͷҶ˵Ӵ˲̩ίߣֱ˺ƤҲϲߡ
Ҷܾ̩ӿ϶ıʲô̩壬׽̹½ȵЩ£Ȼ̩ӿ˵û˿ǣЩأбض飬ؼһ㣬׽ϧ½磬϶ʲôԭ
̩ߵ̫Ҷ˵бףԷǻʵˣų̩ȸҶȳͷȵĿģͻϷ顣
̩һתæ˵Ϊ˱鷳ڸղţѾѧƣԯ֮дݻˣһͿ˵䣬˵һԺһָɾʵȥ㣡
ԣ
ƣһɨҶȹȻû̩Ϣɸɾʧˣ֤̩Ѿ䣬Ժ߲㣬ҲѾϢ
һѧ䣬Ǻ£̩׵ĨȥԼϢԺԶҲ޷׷ϢƲϵ
ֵ̩֣ܾȸȥǻϣأ
һ֮Ҷȫ߶˲ʧ̩ǰ
ǧ䡭õͷ룬ҵģҪҪնɱ㣬Ҫ׽̣ȡһȫҵõߣҲηηβ
˵ɱҶȿȥ֮ǣŻǱȽϺãɳúôգΪãǣǧ䡭
Ŵ½ĺ㾧񡭡㣬ҵĹܾں̩λ汾ԴԯƷ
̩һһץһֱһɸߵĺ㾧һǧ׾Ө˲ѷ֮У̩ӻΪ磬ѷʧ

ϴ󣡡
֮УѪϿգħݺᣬħſ죬ħѪħĢһУʱҶ̤նҶȣħڨڨЦ
ҶȷһץһǼ׸ħ𣺡ƣ㱻ѹôʱ䣬½˽⣬̩λͼ߰ɣ
ħһУȻЦʵ̫Ҫɵħٻָʵȡһջصɽ磬һ̫ʼ𡭡
̫ˣ
ҶһЦŪóħͷԣҶץһħȴ͸ʥӨĺ㾧׸ħţһΪڤ½ĺ㾧ڤ½Ӧһħ½һħãħյ߰˰ˣ͸㣬һҵڤ½ڣܰѴ½Ϊ°빦
ͻͻͻ
ץס㾧񣬳ħֳˣ㾧ۻʧ㾧񲻰ţƺܾ³ħ
ħȻӣڤ½ȴһϹŴ½ӵϹħϢҹپ֣ͿԳȥѰ½
ħƺҵ꣬ڤ½ʮ⣬ɭɭЦͰѺ㾧븹УëȻĸоŷǻħʲôԱԵ
Ϊ
ҶȻûжȣȴ𾪣Ҫһ㾧ҵڤ½ҶȸɾǿߣҪããλ֮УҵһƯǷٵδ֪Ĵ½ʮѣ˵ܡ
⣬ȴħַӻ⣬ֶΣУƾһ㣬˵ħӵ֮ͨܡ
Ҷȵʱ䣬ʱһͬ·ȵٰռõطУ
ħȻһ֣·ѾΪһƬĺѪħ˲ʧħ´û⣬ǸĵطרһЩϹżֱżЧá
ಡ
һȭգҶȾħ˲λ棬ʼ
һŹϵ򣬾Ŵ½ʮ̩λƬȥ˻ȻҰδСֲڴСС֮С
ԯǰϽһǳأԯŴ½һڡ
ԯˣڴﵽǳأҶλѧԯƸּϣһӡ֮ҶʮλԺλӣ˲߶뿪򣬳Ժϴ͡
ģϧμƻûɣʧȥ屦⣡
үү㵹޹ؽҪΪѾڵ֮УµġöġĲͻɾʳڵţһëϴ裬壡
ǳһռ䣬ƯһϹŴʮλԯߣͷŴռعһ࣬ԯ컨ۣԯƱȼսƽؿŴ󲻶ںϿռ䣬ط
ʱԯƣϢȻ֮ǰˣϢǿޱȣƺ֮У̺ԯƵĴһЩʲˣԺʶԽύ
ԯͬû⣬Ժոս֮ʱܹǰǿ߸н֮ԣԯҪԺ⣡
ǾңԴȥ򡭡ԯתõԯͬΪһٻӰʧ
һ֮ҶȵԺѧʮδͣ˳һ·ûκβǳϡ
ﵽ֮ҶȾҸħ뿪ʣЩѧϻƮѧԺ߸˱ȥˡ
ƣšǡô
˿̣зڶǿ֮Уһΰ翹â֮УҶħվ棬һںڡɫһγɵĹ쾧ҶĿ⡣
ҪħҸطУԺ϶УԸ񣬽У϶޼ɵ벻鷳һ㣬ħħһݸ߲㷢֣ؽȫԸħҶ˵Ӳ
ħȻħɣڣʵǿʢʱ֮һҪԺȻЩʵ
ħεҡҡͷħǲζһСϴҾǱȡɱԴʲô£ֱӻңҿ϶֣
ã
ҶȵͷȻٿһħͻΪһӰŤħǣȫħǵҶҲʩչǧͼͼֱӶգһ룬һѾƮԱһ˵
ΪԨǣ뼸ƮǸ߸𣬳ΪΪʥҶ֮ûֱƿսƮԺǼɵƮǷӡǿɾõĴҶȿɲ봥ӡɱ֮ԺѧͨƮΧϵĴ󣬳Ժ
Ҹ֮أҶƿնԨһǳС֮УԨǼƮ֮һԨûе۹ƣԺֱӹϽÿǳأس߶Ժӡ


269 
ʦ֣Ժѧ
Ҷһ󣬽УóƣЩѧԺʮѧÿӶʶֿ΢΢еѧӽ뵽뿪󲿷ͬԺѧδ档
Ҷȣ
Ȼһλѧͨƣ˲ҶһϣһĪЦݣƳ˼ҶȣԭԺҶʦܣǲɣֲ̫㣬ʦû
ҶȲɫѾӶԷ飬ѾթҶȺƣ˴δ棬ΪζԷʹթԺ治Ӳֻա
׬ˡϿ֪ͨϲ㣡
λѧթҶ뿪֮һ䣬һγһֻʰ쵵ķȻ֮Уţ¿ڨڨЦȻ֪߲ΪҪո̤Ժ½ѧκô
Ԩǲ򣬴ͨ˴ÿǳضкüŦģټ֩Ĵ󸲸ţһһһһţʮֱݡ
ǴģԨó쳣̵ӦоУ̩λ̵궼Ԩзֵ꣬󲿷ˣҪΪ׶ʣ󲿷ˣΪ֤Ժ
̴Ҷڸ̵˹䣬ʶĿƷҶȵĵ¹ȻڰУмӰڸ٣ҶȥЩܸϡ
ҶȨû֣֪ЩʲôΪζҪԸЩСҶ˵գ۹ѣҶǱһ㣬ֻв㣬һȻӭж⡣

ϣϰˣͻȻڽֵ࣬ţ߳һλϢʮҡѩȣ߼˶ϹϾ
Χ˼Щˣ˵ܴԨ֮Ժ֤ݲ򵥡
ңԨȥ̫࣬ûȥʣҲκɧҡ
ҡȰˣɭɭʵ߼ˣȷãǲԺոսѧҶȣ
һλ˻صѾȷҪҵˣ
ã䲻⣬׽ˣѧԺע⣬÷ѿ࣡
ۡ˺ȻһչҡȣΧһ̳һֵɢȥӰ١
ҶȡϣѾȫգȻλѧӵʵǣΪ̫ˣﵽͨ쾳ͷ
Ҳ˹ˣһλѧΪҪԸңԴһ˾ܼ򵥶ԸǸҶȡڱչͻͨ쾵ҿ˵Ҫͻɾ
ҡԸˣһһ氵˫üͫͷǳӫ⣬ʾϢãã˺Уһգ۾ʧ
һϴ½ɵõϹϲ¿ԿڰѼ۸һ
۽ֵ֮Уؽвٸˣ̶ڷϡ涫໹ūӶ࣬ЩūɾΪͨ쾳Ҳв٣Ҷһλ󺺽̸һҶԪȴעΧһһ
    꺺ӼҶǻƵۣҶԺλѧԺѧ߸ϣһʥλѧҲܺ޼ɣҶȴƼΪһüǮ
ҶԳһ·ѸҶתȥǳسȥ
գۼ䣬һ˸ҶѾ߳ţȻչȥ׳Ĵɽһһʿȥȥš
ԨȻ򣬲֮ϣҲдûпԭʼЩԺʵ̻뾰ۣһȫΪǳأȻζҲܵı䣬ƮҲдδĽΪѧе
ԨЩȻҲдʿУЩʿ඼ɢޣԸƫԶҲдӣԨҲһʥأƷʮֱݣо޴档
ЩȻԺƿأȴЩɢޣκɱ¾Ժʣǣ漰ɷ˴̶ӣڳǳ֮з£ɱˡٲƵȵȣЩˣ⵽Ժ׷ɱͬʱҲᱻһЩӶ׷ɱɱ֮󣬽Ժȡ
ûϻӳƴЩ֮УһЩǿʿҲ齨Լ̶ӡɱּšӶŵȵȣЩƽȴɱ
Ȼԩ겻ɢãվͿ˭ҪԸҡ
뿪ǳأҶһɳ죬ɾеʵţһӰ׷ȥԼ֮һλλҲ̳֣ڿеӡǣ׷ɱȥ
һڣŵòٽʿҴسѧҲδֹЩˣŷһ
ﲻʺɱ¾
һƬ󡢳̸̦ڵĹ֣идеӵնɱͨ쾳ĿֲЩ޲ЩΪŸǿ̾Щ
ҶȺȻͣվֱһ֮ϣתʮӰƤ£֮УҶһЦһɣ浽ˣҲһ󣬲ηηͷ¶β
ˢˢˢ
һʮˣԡɡç֮нɳӰ磬ֹ˹ҸϢͨʿң綼ͨ쾳һףԺҲʥλӣ̩λ棬ͽͨ쾳ʿʲô
Χ
ţֳˣһڡƺƵһʮˣָﾪӴܡ
ݵ
ֳ֮һˣЩˣΪͨ쾳һ׵ףʵһ㣬ӵλֳҡȵ˳֣˳ʩ񣬸ߺһ

ҶȲмһЦԷΪ߽ͨףҶһ۾ͿȷǸ֣̩λҲǶһδͻɾҶȣ϶ѡܣڣҶȲͻɾõڶݴǧͼͼоͼҶκͨ쾳ǿߣ޾塣
δͻɾ֮ǰҶȾӵпͨ쾳һʵͻɾõڶݴǧͼԸһͨ쾳ǿߣѾ¡
ҶȣܷɣԻ
ҡˣɨҶȣѩҡ΢΢һһɵͼˣҶȺȻ棬ӡҲʮҡȷ֮Щ˿ʼҶΧ£
㾹Ȼ֪ҵ֣һҵϣ㲻ԺѧԺϵҪ¶ݰɣҵҪʲôҪأ
Ҷȼӡǣ׸ţǣڵˣȷ
⻹򵥣
ҡֱӳºڽȻҦѡ
Ŷ
ҶȼҦѣӡûˣҶȶĻͷԺѧƣгɾеӡǣһ֮ҶǿԪʮѧ֮Уҵ˴𰸡
ҦѣҦʦ֣λѧ߽ͨΪԺһꡭ
ҶƵ˵ԪֹҦһӡǣģϢȵȣȻûз仯ҶлλѧȻԸңҦƺûκιڡ
ҲЩֶΣôʱ䣬ܴ֮Уҳҵӡǣ򵥡֣ҪҪʬ
ҦҡͻȻһһּ䣬һ˳Ҷͻͻȥ
ҦѡΪУǸշԺԸңеȥԺҡ
䡭
ڶʮ˳ҶΧɱӥץСһ㣬ҶͻȻԽһȭ·գͻأѿһҶͷţһЩˣವһЩҶһͬʧ֮С
ţ
һɲǣҶȾ뼸ʮλգ۾ͲˣʧǰҦɫѿ߷ɱôܡһɾСӣôʧ
ˣһҲסˣȻһ˲䣬׷ʲô£һˣôһȺ˴ˣңһɣ˶ɸ߽ͨ쾳ͽǿߡ
Ҧ֣ҶȣôöԸģ
ͻȻӰӸ߿շͷߣȻͷͨ쾳ǿϢɣߣʮˣҲͨ쾳ʵ
Ҧ΢΢ĿڸͷϣһҲİ෴ʮϤһĨмЦ£ɣû뵽з죡
ͬΪ£ҦȻʶɣҦѼУɲǸ࣬ɵͽΪǰֻ϶㲻ϣڣȻѱͨ쾳߽Ϣң֮ˣһԵǵĻбΪǿߡ
֮ɭɭЦ˶ʱתʱҦ֣ȻҶΪҶȶԺҾһϵƣҲֶΣҪ겻Ҳлᣡ
һɾߣֵҦѴӹǿɡ

ɴЦŪһͷˮ
ȻɡȻҦҪԸҵˣǵ죬ɡ
ڿռҶȣһĻʩչǧͼȥȴһ仰ɣԩ·խ
ţ
Ҧͬʱһ𣬾֣ͷǿܱռ䣬˾ȻûҶȴڣҺҶΪߣɱˣ׾٣Ҧѣŵûëֱ


270 鷳
ҦѴʧɫʵûϵһɾߣȻӵֶ̾ΣҦͻȻɫһƳ˼ɣҶȣȷöԸɼȻ˵˶Ҹģ֤ҶЩֶΣãȻҪԸҶȶһȱҪʱٳնɱɣҶ׸ˡ
ĻͷҦѻͷű亮Ǻ罣泯ɼȥ
ţ
ɸоתȴҦѶգɱɼ״ǰҦ֣Σ
ãҲֵ뷨ҺԸҶȣʵ̫ţ
ҦˬӦǸģ֮ǰˣƱ䣬ʵֵܣ֪ΪδҪԸҶ𣿡
ֵ֪ܲǲ֪ǰʲôݣô֪ôܵ飬Ǻǣ
ڨڨЦЦ¶Цݣȴ㣺ڴУһöӶѡҾͷˣ
Ҷ֮ޣʼɶ𣬺ҶӵȻƵϣɱ¾֮ϧԳնɱҶȣƢԣи򣬲ɱҶȣ϶ưڸݣֻҶ̫СŲмԳնɱҶȡ
ҪǻһԶ֡
ҦȻλѧ߽ͨΪȴ֪κϸڣ˵ûĶԴ
һֱ뻢ıƤ˭ǾͲö֪
Ҷʦܣôֻˣ
ǳڲ⣬Ҷȴűţ֮ǰΪҶλλѧ벻ѧģȻҶȳ֣Ӳǰλλѧһ
䡭
ҶȾȻ˵Ŵ˾һȭλѧɰԶȻݺأʹš

˲䣬ղŻַ׷׵ĹűܣͻȻž˶ڲ۾һĻģȻڴֱӶͬԺʦֳ֣ΧȫѧԺѧͳͳ֤Եһ׷׾̾Ҷʲô
̣вˣв鿴ƣõҶݣЩ˶ʥλλλѧҪʮӡ֮УҳҶݣǼ¡
Ҳ˵ڶ飬һұصѧԺ˭ΪңǾͱҲһаԺ£˭ҲڴȨı˽
Ҷ꣬Ӹ¿Ǹλѧȵſ⣬ҵģǰΪһΣҾͲƽϣȨı˽ŲţֱӰȥִû˹ܣҿѧԺϻ᲻ܣ
˶ڲҶӡǣ֪ʱҶȴǸΪԼλѧݣ˲
㡢㡭˵ʲôʱȨı˽ʦֵܣԼ֤֮ǰҸû㣬㣬һμ棬Ͷҳ֣֪ͨλʦ֣׽Ҷȣ
Ǳſڵϵſ⣬ͻȻ𣬲˲Ѫ˫ĿɱѪ⣬ȻҶȷҧһڣ޼ɵ
ãҾʹȥִϣ
ҶͻȻ£ǧͫһһӰֱӳſץȥ

ſ־޷ӦŰ֮ʱȻһӳǱͻأ֣Ϊһ׵磬ֱҶǰأҶͷײײҶԭأԷȴ˿δ
ʥλλǻλѧǿߣһһʩ񣺡μʦ֣
Ŷջģ
ʩҶȴ˿Է֣ΪԭˣҶȵˣʲôԺ棬ӡ
ÿ
ǿ΢΢ɢ¶һλ׳˶꣬ȻһۣΧȴнսһս⣬׹Ϲִģĵ
ˡԭлɽᯣλѧͨĽףǻ۹ڻҲһλȴǱ̩ӳֽѵĻһ
Ƭ֮䣬ҶȾʹ֮УҳӡǣԺ죬̩ӺݺݽѵĻ䣬ЦЦ
ſҡһ䣬ɽߣиղǸģģָҶ˵ʦ֣ҶȣԺ½ӣʵǿᣬԺ棬ҳ֣ʦΪʦܳͷ
ɽᯡ
ҶȻɫ䣬ȴ㣺ϴɳԨǣĪҺôǿΧɱ̩ӣĪҺ˻ҵ⣬⻯ɽҲǻ֮ˣӦ֪£˵Ҳ뻪ָʹĪҺݺ֮£
Ŷ
ɽ᯺ݺƳһҶȣңֱͷ⣬ȻҶȽйֱҶ˫ͫ
СЦƴ
Իɽ᯹ͻ⹥Ҷֱ˫һ֤һֱӭȥֱһ𿪡
˶δ°벽ûɽüͷһ壬ҶȵСӡ˵̩ӲͨףһˣǰˣһףΪҶԿ
ſϽͣͷ֪ɽҪԸҶȣ޵ʦ֣ҪΪҳͷ
ģ˭£ǲӲܣҶȣ˺ͬţѾΥԺ棬ȥִɽ᯺ȻӲģüƶԸҶȡ
ҶͻȻһЦȥִȻԣϣſΪҵ֤ݣſ⣬ôҲ벻ҵһμʱҾͰҶԻȫӡȥִ˭ҪܵԺͷ
ſƳ亹ֱðթң
ûթ㣬ԣȥִ֪ǲթ㣡
һгǰҶԻλѧΣ壬ѧ׷׿˭˭֪
ãʵ룬û뵽Ժ˵ʦܡ
˫£֮ʣʮӰӴ߽ͷߣһλʮŮӣһƵۣʾλѧݣҲ۵Ļλѧ
ЩλѧȻۣͬȴϢ֮ͬеˣֱͷħϢ
ʮʦ㣡
긾Ůɲѧ޲¶־飬ǻɽ᯼ҲʮֲԸʩ񣬺һʦ㡣
ʮԺѧͨ˽ףԺһǧꡭ
ͬʱҶȾʹ긾ŮòͨҳԷӡǣȻԺλѧϢʮֹ죬а
ͨ˽λѧԺѾ֮ϣӵϵλʵԼʮԺѧЩҲҪʩ񣬷ʮƢֱӻץȥִϣǲԺ¡
ããλʦܣؿɣ
ʮȻҲʹһʩһҲ⣬ңҲ˲ǰɱаƽ
λʦܣĪǣǰӣѽλ½֮һʮȣҶǰһƳǺʵ
Ҷȼʦ㣡
ҶҲоʮǿᣬ̫Ӵͨ˽ףҪΪɵһָͿնɱҶȣԣҶâͿʩ
ʹȻһ׾ͨĽｻ֣ԺҪһţ
ʮʮλλѧ˵ЩλѧҲҶȣΪҶ̩ӸԺͰԺƷ˹ɾǿ߶޷쵽¡
ʦɫһ䣬ٷ糾ȣһа񣬿ɽᯣʦܣҪִҾһȥҶʦܵĻһһ֤ݣʱһҪָ˵ɱɱ㻯ҵ磡
ʦĸң
ɽȲѣ˼µʮǰò»ݣΪǰʮԺ˭֪ǸöԸʮɾﶼҵһҡ
ãҶʦܣĺܶԣΪԺӲߣ
ˣʮһҶȵˣǰҫȥû˸ҿͨ˽ף˭ҵͨףѾЩѧľս
ɽ᯲ʵضҶһˣ̤봫󣬴ȥɭɭȵԺȺˣҿܵãԺһԺѧΪһ֮ܣһҪҶֻСӵţҪң
ʦ֣ģԺһ㶢סԺˣ
ſû뵽ɽôԺһûɽΪԼҲҸɽ͹һȥҡβ


271 չ
Ժçɽ
ɹϢڱ̩ӳ֮󣬺Ҷȴʯ£Ѿһʥأ˷ͳͳѧռΧһʱ佨һ
ȻֶΣʥأǶһ޶ҶʦܣʦʹȥԺʲô£ֱʦǣ
ΪҶȽΧʮҶһͬ뿪ԨǣֱԨԺʥأ䣬λλλӣһ֣Ϊͷŵçɽط
ֶΣ˵λѧλѧҲһ׾ٵ顣
ʮһ仰˵̴꣬ʮλԺǿߣçɽȥٶ֮գ۱㴩
ʮʦȻƢԹŹ֣Ϊ˺ˬǸֱӣԺȻûеôᣡ
һ⿴ͱԴ±ɽ᯵ѣ֮أɽͷѱժ£ԨǣҶȲọ̀һ¶ʵɱ籩Ҷ˵ֻл

˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾķǿӦҶϢȸԾǧһһ籩꿪ʼڵڱֱӿҶ̫¯Զȼգ̫
ԯ֮Уû뵽ħҾͲ̩ίߣɵ׽ǧ䣬϶ߣǶȥ̩ʱ⡭Ҳã뿪˵Ѿأ
һһ̫ۣһͨ쾳ϢĴִһһӿ֣ƶǹ߲ͭʥϢľڣչ죬Ȼ֮䣬֮ռ졣
ɾҶƫƧĻŴ½Ѫ֮Уƽٶɣɾ̤ɾٴεõҲѱΪߵȴڣ̺Ե򣬼ʮͨ쾳ʬۣ֮ѾѱΪͷʵʼ᲻ɴݵϢ
ֻɾſʼӿֵֻͨһͨɵ󣬼˵һַ󷨶ѡ
һ״̬ΪɾĳΣͻɾʼѱ䣬̤ͨ쾳ɾųΪʵʴڵĿռ䣬索еĴڡ
һɾʿҲڳν׶Σ̺˿ռ˸о򣬶һǧͨĪ硣
ʵֻдﵽͨ쾳߽ײΣͨ쾵ɾʿǿֶͨΡ
̫ɣʿݴ½Ҷնɱˣʬ֮һһɾۣз̳֮Уʮͨ쾳ǿ̺۲䣬ѾӵʵʲƵ
̤ɾҶڿȫһ̺̫һѹκħͷҲҶȡ
һɣлһ죬ҶȾԵ챾һĿռ䣬޵зԽκĴڡ
˿̣ȫʩչһ죬Ϊͭʥľڿռ䣬룬ҶУһϹŴֻ棬ƿشǧλ棬بš
ݡ
Ҷ˫ֲϼӳ֣һս٣໥ںϣȻ򾧱֮Уһһǧ춼ǡ
ţһֻֻĶҲץѹţһδ˺գͬһһںϣΪػߣһһ뾧֮С
Ȼ󣬽˿꽣ҲһŴǶھ֮УңҶҵİȭһƵȵϱҶʩչΪһ塣
ҶնɱˣӵеõȻЩͼƽҶȲֶ֮£ѱΪ캳ͨһһӳ򣬾ʥǹҲһ
һգۣ¹ȥ̺˳ǧһͬСɣؽ춯ء
ڣҾͰѷ̳֮Уֻҵı򣡡
֮ڵɾɾûһ򣬾Ϊ粻ʵרҲûжЧͻɾҶʵͨ쾳ͽǿߣ̺ԡԣҶȲſʼϢҲ
̳Щֻʿߣ򣬲ǲĴڡ
ӵʵܵƸߵȵҩҶ˵ͻɾվǿ֣֮ѾʱǰҲ޷ͨ
̳ܿͳգҶóֵĸ߼ʯɽһ޴ɽţ֮࣬ɾǿ߼Ҳۺ졣
գۼ䣬ʯɽ뷨̳ᣬһһǶڷ̳Χ̳ԽԽ󣬾Ȼﵽ򼸺ȵĵزҪʯһݣҲһʯ
̩ھħǣħصϹħڣҶȻöɾ䣬õʯʮô࣬Ҷ˵Ŀǰʯʵ̫֮࣬ߡ
ʯ̩ȻãҶַ˵ʯȴƷ
̳ĵʯҲҶʯʮ֮һȻ˾޴ʯҶȴɾͻͨ쾳ͨ쾳Ҫʯڵʮֹ
ԣĿǰҶȷʵӵʯǣҶȣҪʯǧ֮࣬ҶԺҪȡøʯΪͻͨ쾳׼һڷ̳ǧľ޴̳Ҫٵʯ
÷̳Ϊ߼ΣҶģڣնɱͨ쾳Ľǿߡ
̫¯ȼհɣ
һץȻһƬʯЩʯ׷ѩ̫¯ͬʱͷŴǧͼͼʼ̫¯ǧʯ
ʯԽ½緲˵ߴڣ˵ɾɾҪʯҲһ£෴ҶڵɾͿôǧͼʯȲֶΣͨ쾳£ֻҶһ
͡
ʯʼ̫ںϣγɷӳǴִۣٴοʼ䶯ѱ䣬Ӽ̺δ֪
֮ù󷨡ӡһһѱ䣬ڲϵԶͷţ໥ںϣصһӳһ㣬ݻΪͨĴڡ
ԯõһǧЩڴϧˣҲȫóʯԣƽӡָһ֮У˵ͽͨ쾳Ǹ߽ͨ쾳ǿߣҲҪɱ
֮ҶȺȻָۣһĨ󣬽ţһʼ򾧱֮УʱҶһĨЦ
Ƕôݳ޷ٶһǧ˵ͨ쾳ɾǿߣҲõóֻ̩λݡԺпõóһǧңԺֻǴʷ֮Уռ
˵㣬ԺյһЩƷԯ棬ǻʵˣɽ磬ԣһǧÿһϡ䱦һɵʮ
ҪȻݻҪĨȥһǧ֮еǿӡɲһ¡
ɾǿߣһҪĨȥ֮еķӡҲҪĴ뾫˰ô󣬲ܺһ
˿ǧ飬Ҷ˵ȴʮףҶ̺̫⣬ϴǧͼʯ׾٣ҲȻڻ£ֻһǧҲһС¡
ҪһǧôҶǿֶΣԽ컯ȭ
ֻѣ컯ȭҶȱ߲ȣǱʵԣãң컯ȭֻ״̬£ͷԣ컯ȭԼ
һһ󣬿ͨɱκͨ쾳ǿߣҶֻΣ״̬״̬£ͷһɾ֣ͻ뾡취һǧð֮£ҶȻȥ
ȻҪô°
ֹȥ£ҶһֱƯգǧϸֻһٶ۵Ҷ̫̫࣬Һý֮У̺̫⣬ŲҶѡ
ȻʮּѣҶõ޴ҪҪַһͬϣӡԪȵȣһٶҶһΣʵڲ
Ŷû뵽ħ𣬹ȻֶΣһˣһ
ȻҶԺһĨԭǳħͷ֮󣬵֪ħһΪħֱӵȡһʮȻôա
ҶȰˣħԽǿ˵ɶһֱֶΣ´ξɾ׷ɱҲóħնɱɾǿߡ
ħʲôˣϹŴɶ޷ɱοССɾʿҶȲʮ㡣


272 ˻
ӽһ꣬ҶȽԺһαչУʱ䣬Ҷ̩λҲмʱ⣬Ӵﵽħǿʼһ·ûоټգΪϾĥѡ
Уõ̳ӳ֣ɽӣ뷨̳϶Ϊһ첻Ƶļ򣬽ͨ쾳ͽײ£ǧһκͨ쾳ͽʿͳͳҪ߶󣬱˵ͨ쾳ͽףǸ߽ҲҪ
һǧһʱֻһ룬ֻȫ󣬵ʱ޼᲻ݣնһ·ͨɱ
ǧԺѧӣһºۼʯ壬׼μһ̩λԺ½ѧʢᣬÿѧڹ涨ʱ׼ʱ棬ٵߣһѧԱ
ب֮УȻһǵأϺպգçɽÿ䴫ͬһʱ䣬ԺѧӶּ֮
ţ
ҶȺȻۣۻ죬˫ۿգֱ񷣬һλͨ쾳ŽԺλǿߣͷǿ
Ҳʱ䣬ԺʥҲһλλּ֪ߣ漴ʥը˹ѧ۷׷ףֻһԺ½ѧʢᡣ
̩λ棬Ժݡˣһֱǧһε½ѧʢѿ״̬²ģ֪˶ٽ죬ʢеš
죬½ѧʢеĵһţԺ󣬵ֱ֪
˵Ժ½ѧʢᣬǳɾ֪ԺѧӣĥĿֱָһһЩʳڵ½ѧӣԺʼܵѧԺصϣ½ѧʢһˣΪѧԺ
½ѧʢʵһǳɾһݾǣⳡʢҲһ̭˵½ѧʢᣬ磬ʵ̭
Ϊ½ѧʢÿζ˴ѧӣЩѧӣһЩƽӹѧӣһ̭һѧ䣬ʣµľǾӢԺõĽܳѧӡ
ʢдģǾӢӹţֻ䣬ʮֲпᣬֲпʢᣬԺҪĽ½ѧĥгɳɱ¾жǣôѧԺŻøǿ
ͽΪʲôԺ½Ӳ٣ÿλλѧô٣Ϊ½ѧӣ½ѧʢ֮䣬һδʧ١
ʴˣ̩λʿԼԺΪ٣ΪľӢ
½ѧʢᣬԺɷ֮Ҳмء
룬ҶȾ۾ʣ¼ټǿ£̫ڲϢҶӸϣһʱڣɾǿߣϲ
ҶϸϸԺ½ѧʢǵ£˫ͫͷž⣬Ժ˵Ǹ壬ԡ֮󣬲ӵվǿ֣̫֮ǿҦλѧңΪѱѹڵ͵аλ棬ȴǿǿʵڳҵԤϣ£̩λҲ֪ǿʵ
̩λ͵ȵλ棬ҪԽλ棬ֻ˲λ洩󣬳ħҶȶ̩ӡǧˣ죬һλͨ˽ΪԶԶܴλ棬Ǵ򣬶ܡ
ȴɴӵ͵ʱոԼãʵжôֲͳԽͨ쾳ӵɾ
̣ƭˣ˶֪ȷʵţԺ꣬޵ͨ˽߾磬ΪԺλѧ꣬ɾ޵ͨ˽ףѾǸ棬޷ԽĴ棬ʵȴѳԽͨ쾳
һϢ̩λ洫ô콫Ϊ̩λΪҫ۵ľһλ׳ɳκƣ޷ҫâ
ֻλѧȻǱޣûԺݵɣһԺ߲֪ʵ£ѵ쵱ԺӰصʱ򣬵ɱ˭˭ҷֻлնɱѧԱ߲Ҳֻֻ۱ֻۣƾһ졭
뵽Ҷëⲻ죬Ҳӹţȷʵпܷ£Ȼ⽨ǣһԺ߲ʵͻصţ˵ԺУ̩λҲҲһˡ
ԺŹֻᡣ
ԺǿߣѧԺ䣬Ϊ䣬϶뾡취£죬̩λ棬ԺһԺ£ҳϣôǱԺΪԺ֮ϵߣԺ䶼ȴ޷񻰡
Ҿɱ¾ҪһˣΪԽӣõԺأٲȵȥһչ¶ʵõԺԺ߲Ҳ֣ԺǣƵ죬һ壬ȻΪӪߵڣһж֮У죬̫Сңʧܲ󣬵죬ʱ򡭡
ҶڨڨЦȻգס⣺һҪ½ѧʢУΪһ£
ಡ
գ
Ȼһ軮գſ͵һͰ˲븹У¶˵ļͷƣʥأƣ϶ᾪԺĵشҲضá
գۣһ±ŶȥҶ׼ʱ䣬һ̣ɳçɽʯȥ
ɽһ֮У̻Իſǳ֮˸Ŀ⣬Ժʥأʯ塣
ɽһյĹ㳡ֱʮ޴ޱȣʳΣһƯھʯ֮С
Ժѧ̾㳡ЩѧӴഩŻۣۡʥλλӣҲۻλѧ֮һλѧȺУȺ߸ϣ͡
һȥ˺飬ȥʮѧӣЩѧӣǧڽԺ½ѧӣһڣʮѧ׼ʱھʯۼһ۵Ļλѧʯ˿ϢʱʱޣԺһ½ѧеٮٮߡ
ʲôﶼС
ҶȺ۷㳡ãã˺һ£ĵûע⣬ҲϳҶݣʼ۷׷ס
λʦֵܣǰӣԨλʦֻɽ᯽֣·ҶȣҲǵ̩ʦһ𿪱ټʦܣ
Ȼ
ʵɲⰡȻܿͨ쾳ǿߣɾһأ½ѧʢᣬҶȿ϶в֣
ֻϧһͬԺ̩ӣˡϧ
˺нһһһʱ䣬ҶϽǧĿ⣬ÿ˶￴Ϊ˶ףҶܿ⻯ɽᯣʹҶӵͨ쾳ʵôǻλѧλԶ֮ϡ
ңԺǸǿֵĵط˶ǿߡ
ҶҶʦܣȻƲ£ǧԺĻλѧܽסɽһУʵ¼Ҷʦܣڴһ
һַ׷֮ʱһɫӰͻȻ˺ѧ׷ÿһ·ڻλѧ٣Щʥλλѧֻõ
ɫӰͣҶȰ֮⣬һݵĳ꣬Ƥڣ˫ͫ磬˸żǣһΪֱͨס
λѧͨ쾳ΪԺһǧ꣬ϵڶ̶һǧʹͨ쾳һͻףԺص󡭡
һҶȾʹ֮УҳڹһϣȻĿҶһɨȭȻʦȤôʦܾʦһУ磬ҸݻһУ˭޷ƵԷ˭䣬Σ
ãҶʦˬ죬ãλʦֵ֤ҲôҼʶһҶʦ񼼣Ǿ
ƣӶ䣬˫ͫͷһ׹⣬˫һ֣Ȼ£شطӡͨ쾳ǿϢˮ⣬ֻͻȻʳָȻһ㡣
͡
һɫͻȻƿնһɫ˺գƿնҶ빨ϿգɫŷӵʶֱͫضҶֱε⡣
øַϵӦǽӽɼĴڡ
һλΪͨ쾳׵Ļλѧǵɫɫһƺܿ
ֶΣȻҶʦƽ⣬⹨ʦҲЩ֣ô˵Ҷûۼ֤Ҷʦ뻯ɽ᯽֣ҶʦɾΪܶԿͨʵ
ȺУһĿ⣬Ŵ
ƣ
Ҷž޲ȴģ֣́Ȼָһţ޸ָָ˿꽣ֱɫݵشΧƣȻһɫ˲ס
˾濴һĻֻ֮۵һɫ̼ͱ˿ݻ٣ΪУʧĿ֮С


273 ʢǰϦ
ˡ
ɫ˿꽣÷֮ʣоԹͨǿƣȻʧһͳòʥλѧҡҡ׹ͨ쾵ɢƣҲɾܡ
߾ƣٷһ㣬ѹȵͽʿƸǿĻֱѹɾʿ

һֱĹɫ׹ɢһ̣͸֪ҶȵףƵԼݻǿͨһסҲԼʮ㣬һ̣ȻɥʧӰ١
һȻо֣ϣȴͨ쾳λѧݣܹʧڣֻ̣Ҷȵ˵ҶʦܣģУ
ԺһŽ⣬ȴҲСС˸Ժ̫ǿᣬ»żܵ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ˼֣˼ҶǳʩȻ˫ֿʼһطӡ˿ۻңǹһЩλѧʮ־㵣û뵽Ҷӡ
ᣡ
ҶȾһ죬һʮɵѹնڤڤ֮У͸ѹŵĲϢȹϣ͸һʥϢ
Ҳһײ
ٻλѧҲͷ⿴˹Щλѧ쳣ȣȻȲϹǣҶɾΪȴѰòѰⲻһġ
ʥλλѧҲ׷׾ҶֶѾԽɾֱͨ쾳Ϊλѧֵ
׾
䣬˺һ˫͵һƣһɹ˵׹⽣ͻͻͻͻشһ˲䣬ضͨ쾳ǿϢ

һ׹⽣ȴڼ֮̽ϣײʮ׹⽣£죬ݣһ׹⽣˲䳯ķһʱһʥգ쳣
ǲ
ʮ׹⽣£ڵֿס𶯼£ǰƺۣٿһ׹⽣ֱ
¡
׹⽣쳣ͷſٻķâֱһƺ֮УȻأըΪƬ䣬գ׹⽣ըƬ顣
˻˻һſʼ׹䣬OO@@ϸ춼ǣǳ˸Ŀǹ⡣

ըʧ֮Ҷƺ̲ס˺Ƽ£ͣסӣǿסʩʦֶֺΣʦܲǶ֣
ʦҲ򵥣Ϊλӣ嶤£ʦǰϲʦܡ΢΢Ц̧㾡Իλѧ緶
ղţλ˰ɣȻݻԷƵǣҶʦȴùʦַγ֣ƵҶʦܼʤһ
û뵽һ̩ʧһҶð˳ԺԺˣ
ЩһֱɵĻλѧһֱûжһ̣ȴڰн
ЩĪĻλѧЩ֤Ҷ빨ֶκһҶȾΪˣһأԿͨף̫ˣԺδйֱ̬Խʮ
ɣҶ˼ֲ֤ܷ¡

ͻȻʯϿһ̫źײʮѧӣ˲䰲ͳͳ̧ͷʯӹ֮УȻɳһӰһԺλǿߡ
֮ͨ쾳߽λǿһ֣ͬǿƣʮѧӴҳ£һʵʵԭء
ͷߣǸճĺʢʮλͬݵλѧ󷽣Ϊ߽ͨס˽Žǿ˵ʮҲУȻͨ˽ףȴ޵ĺܣɼʮΪѾƽͨ쾳۷塣
ʮһ½ӣò
ʮλǿߴӵģһλаͼߣֻ΢΢һɨƺͿ㳡֮ʮӣȻʮ˵
λߣòׯȣͷһɴľϢΪȻͨ쾳ʮ߾硣
ͨ쾳ʮףɾһ֮ңѾվڷɴ֮ǰʱ̤֮ţ޵ɡ
ʮʮֿʦ֣ѧӵȷвٶʳڣ
ʦ۽ǺȻһƣ·㳡ǰӣԺ½ѧӣȻ˼ǿ߷׷ֻۣϧһλţ䣬ϧ
ǵ֮£ѾɳǿߣɱɶɳʣɾǿߣԺΪһ½ӣȥѹԺò׳ӣȴϸ֡
ʮҡͷ̾Ϣ̩֮£ƺʮȻɱڣȴεĺܡ
ţˣ
ʦһ䣬λԺλǿߣʱƯ㳡ǧϿգʮѧӣʢһһÿһλλǿߣλʦޱȹܵλԺλ֮һͨʦԺʦʦȸʦֽ
һУͨһԽغ蹵ò񷸩ͨʮѧӣλ½ѧӣһ½ѧʢᣬǿǰʢԺʮѧӼ룬ԺжʮѧӣѧԺʮ½ѧӼʢᣬÿһҪ࣬Ժ½ѧҲʷ࣬Ժѧӣһã֮еġƸǡ
˲μӡ
㳡֮УʮѧӼͬʱ֮ɫ֣˷ͣŷ½ѧʢ֮͡
Ȼ˭ף½ѧʢǧѷһ˵Ľݾ

߸ϵͨƺʮϸСٶ֮У˼һ䣬ɭɭĵǿɱøԶʢɲǴ˵һٳĻᣬڴˣΪѧΪʦ֣ΪҲòǣ½ѧʢᣬܻ뿪˲ٷ֮һҲǣǰѧӣܻˣֻʮ˶ѣѧӣȫҪ䣬ʮѧӣҲֻмǧ˶ѡ

ͬһ̣ʮѧӣֱȵף䣬ëһᡣ
̣̫̣ǻ̭ʤ̭淨
ƺÿѧӣû뵽½ѧʢ˲ң飬ʢᣬǻѵ޾
ܺá
ͨ˵ͷǶˣΪѧҪĸǣʵ½ѧʢһʤֻ̭̭ǽ㱻̭ǱԺͬ鰵ɱģǣܴˣǾӢеľӢõѧԺʹ͸ַңǰһߣһʯǰɼ
ɼ
һʱ䣬ɥʧ־ĵѧӣָֻȼ飬ɼÿʿıɾǿߣҲ뾡취Ҫõ
ɼŷʮѧӣ£һԾԾԣ֮ͣԵ̰̰Ҳûа취ѡҪôȨòμʢᣬֱ뿪Ժ
ô֮ǰǧټƽԺǧ֮࣬
Щλѧôһ߹ģҲٹ˵߰ɣȥʥأѧӻϣ
ͨһλѧʥؽȥ㳡ʮ½һһλŷɳçɽĿʥؽ塣
壬
˿̣ʮ½ڴ㳡֮дķƼĻλλѧڤȿЩѧ㳡һ
ԼƽʱԼٲֻڵʥصλѧڵʥʥؽȻͬڵʥȫǻλλѧڵʥҲʥʮڵʥѧӣһǾӢеľӢ
ԺͬͨΪλѧڵʥصλѧʥԺѧҪǿԭ࣬׷ףΪڵʥԺĵӻλλÿѧӶԺѧᲢ۵ġ
ңʥѧӣûǲýڵʥصģһ룬ͻᱻִͷȥΪϳԺ
ʥؾǵأڵʥؾ졣
ƽﲻʥصĻλλѧӣն忴֣ϾǧһεʢᣬǺĿģңѧӣΪͬ֡
û뵽ҶҲԺ
ڽһͤ¥֮УһλƵ۵Ůӣվͤ¥źϷʳ̾ϢһŮҶȼԺŮѩ


274 ټѩ
ѩɾ̤ԺұԺյԺƸ룬ֵԺҲʮֺġ
Ŷ̶̼깦ѩΪλѧΪҡֱϣһ̤ɸ߽ףҲԺصصѧ
ʱĴĥʱ䲢ûѩӡۣ෴ֶһݴԣŷ̺֮ͨϾգѩڼ֮УѳΪԺΪ֪Ů
˼䴺ΣʱǷǡ
ѩϣ𵭵⣬ǧһɾ裬ִ羪ޣѩɢ
ʦãȥϰɣԺ½Ҳˡ
ȻȲ֪ʱһλƵŮӣŮӴŶʮ꣬Զƻһ֮䣬ȴ߻磬գۼͳѩߡ
ǣ
ѩλŮӲȥʧ
㳡ʮ½ѧӻһãÿѧӣ鲻ͬ˼˼ʣĮɫɫԺʥЩѧӣֺ
ܿԺ߲Щ߲㣬ͨ쾳߽Բһѧӣһˣ㼯һã硣
ˢˢ
Ȼλ߲ӣ뿪ʼ׷óһʮλ۵ѧӣֱӴƿնⲻǷԾǴգֻǣƮڲԺǿ߽ѡ
Щʵ͸࣬Ʈڣ洦ͨЩֻͨɾѧӲա
ɾλѧ
˺֮УڱԵ۽䣬Ҷվĩˣֱͷܸ߲һһıɾǿ߷֣Ҷ̤ɾѾԽˣﵽݵĸ߶ȡ
λѧ
Ϥ֮䣬ʮλѧӣǿ߳һɹϢɽͷųѹλѧӣ͸·㳡ʮ½ѧӣҲܵ޴󲨼ѧӶϢҪѹñըƵģ֡
ƣ˵ʲô
һץͰϢȻ̼䱻ǿѹ֮ΪУʱһɱƽʯϢҶɾȻͬ죬Ҫܵõһɾʬ壬ֱͻס
ʮλɾѧӣҶȾȻһḬ̃ǵһ㣬ʮλѧӾС
λѧӴ½ѧʢϸ֮󣬺ȻӲ񷴫һ⣬ţһλɾѧץУ֮ʢῪʼ
ʮλɾѧӣʩչϹŷӡһ޴Ϲ󷨳ڹ㳡Ͽգһתпʼ٣λӴͷ֮Уʮһһ޾Ԩд֮С
ʮλɾѧӣۻһֱٻ֪ͨȥ˺δһӾͱÿտյһˣʮѧһ˲뿪Ʈǡ
Ƹǣݡ룬Ƭ򣬾Ȼ޹⣬ʮƯ֮УУһ򣬴˿ͷŶĿ⻪ҫֱݡ
ҫ֮УȻܼһѧӣֱƸǣԼʮҫȥ
һƸǣȻ˴󡭡
̤ƸǣŵأҶȾ͸ܵƸϢ㣬ɾ޴ֱݡֱƿƸǣһ۸޷󷨡
ǹԺѧ
ԺѧɶǶǵĵˣ
һƬĹ֮Уʮ½ѧӣոͨƸǣûഭͷһƬƬѹѹɢȥһ
󷽣ʺ۵Ժѧӡ
ҷī̵۵ĹԺѧӡ
ѹѹһƬƿգԺ½ѧӣȻԺ½ѧҪ٣ƾۺ׷ֱ
ԺԺ
ƸǸûɾǿߣֻ򾧱ڴ֮УԺλѧҶȺ޹˼ɣͷ⣬ɨԺԺߣâǣնɱһλŮѧӣղ֪ǿҪϡ
ৣ
Ƽʻ֮ʱԺ½˭һѰԺ֣Ƹķּһݷּ
½ѧʢҪ񣬾ƸѰԺ֣һּ˭õķּԽ࣬˭ǵһһּص㣬ûκ֪Щطּĸ֣Ĩȥ䣬ԣ˭Ҳ֪һּںδ
ѰҷּҲʱҪ꣬ÿѧֻᣬֻҪһݷּǰ֮󣬻δ÷ּѧӣҲͨˣ֮ڣжɱ¾жٻû㵽
䡭
ͻȻһͨʯƸջ䣬ͨʯдϰ֣ͨʯ¼Ժˣһ䣬˭䣬˭־ͻʧ˭õһּ־ͻϸߴԽ෨ּˣԽߡ
֪λðʲôų
ƸǾ֮УӪÿӪ֮УλɾϢڣЩԺλӣͨʯЩɾķھڴ֮УΪľǵȴӵԺڵȺ
֪һʢᣬһԺһӶ
Ȼʬˣʬɽ
ջΪӰӾֱϴأոأͷܵǰ׹ǣԺӣ½ڴˣջΪ׹ǡ
ֱϧΪ˰׹ǣôʬ壬ҪǱգҵΪ֪ߵεȵز
ҶʧҡҡͷԱʬҶ񶼲գ£ɹͻΪ׹ǡ
ٿ
Ҷ׼ͷǿԪ񣬸ӦʮּٺδʱͻȻһӺտٷҶȣΪһǹ⣬ǹ⣬ʥޱȣͷʹʥϢʥ֮У𽥳ѩӰ
ѩʦã겻
ҶһЦݣתѩʥ߳Ϣĵ档
ȷδû뵽ҲԺһΪλӣ
ҶԼͬƵۣѩֻ΢΢һƺһԤ֮УȻˣȷҶݣѩм㲨
ҶһЦٴμѩȻû˿УӦû뵽ҲΪԺѧӰɣ
ҲĿģϣñԿ죬ԸҺ˽⣬ԺҪԺݣΪõ޷ȻԸɣ
绪ѩͫѩĮȻ˼Ƶȷ̫С죬Ժצ֮࣬Ѷ㲼޵죬ϣʹ뿪ǵ죬Ѱ·
Ѱ·
мһЦƲ񷣬ѩҵ£ңҵԼϣ˭ߣܶߵģǵ죬ҲУΪңѩʦãֵ̫
ˡţƢ֮һμ㣬УצѾ͸Ƹ֮УҪԸ㣬ԼСģ
ѩüۣҶһǳ⣬ŤͷȥܿʧƲ֪ȥ
ŶЩ⣬ҦɾȻ½ѧӣƸǶԸңȻǸ÷ӣｫҹȻնɱֲõ𣬵ȷĺȫͨ쾳ǿߣһǶǶ֮У㶤棬֪ν֮
ڵˣҶȴӲ飬ɱ٣ңҪѵʬͳͳΪ̤߾ҩ뵽ҶȹЦЦȻ󳯿ͷĻҰȥ

֮ҶһƬɳĮ֮УƬɳĮߣɳǻɫǺɫһԶźɷɳĮ
ɳĮ֮£ʮּأͨ쾳߽ǿ߰塭
վɳĮ֮УоһɷϡɳĮ֮£ŷ̾ʲôֲڡ
ţǹԺѧˣ
͵һҶɳĮ֮£֮Ȼͷ⣬λī̵۵ĹԺѧӣȺӣǿᣬʥλλѧмλλѧ
ɳĮͷߣǸī̵ۣ˶һǻλѧ
յ鱨ܸӦּϢƬɷɳĮ֮¿϶зּҺûбԺѧӽȵãλʦܣߣ
λλѧһӣżλԺѧӣɷɳĮ֮Уһɳ
ôɾʿϼλͨ쾳ͽʿֿ
ΪһӰҶȾβԺѧӲϳɳĮԨ½


275 ƽħ
ɫɳɵɳĮԽ½ѹԽ󣬲ٹԺʥλλԸоٶԽԽλѧ޶ٱ仯ɳĮѹǰֵһᡣ
ԣ²ɳ֮УȻ̺ѪħϢѵɳĮ֮£Ҳʲôħɣ
󣬴Ӻɫɳ֮УǴѪɫϢ֮УҶ̫΢΢𶯣ƺҪѹɳ֮еаϢ
ƸȻԺ򣬲Ժֲô󣬵Ժ֮ǰƸϹʥأв֪ضżɳ֮£һħżҲǲܵ¡
ҾԺڵƮ֮УҲѹӡϹħżƸҲ˾ռߣֻħżʿ޷Ĵڣֻܱӡ
ʲô·Ȼ֮ǰҲʬ
ɳԺѧӣһż֮УżѾȫưܣֻʣǽѣ˶ż棬ȻҲһ߾ʬ壬Щʬ󲿷ֱɳ񣬿Ǻܾǰѧּᷨڴˡ
еʬɳںϣһıż㣬ѹʼѹʬ̻Ϊɳ۶ϣǽҲȻżˣǵضУСúܡ
ʮּ
һλλѧͻȻָһ浹ǽ壬ڲ㳾ʧڰգһƾᣬ͸ʥϢ
ȻǷּλʮּǼλʦʱӡȵ֮󣬴һͬȥÿ˷ֲּҲԷֵ͸ַ˭Ҳգ
һλλѧվ˵˻ѧû˱ʾԣλѧӳʮּȥٶ֮죬羪ס
зּҵģ
ٿλѧۿҪʮּ֮ʱͻȻһӰ߳һֱ֣Ӱʮּץס
Ժѧӡ
û뵽˺һѾֵʮּȻߣλѧӣȻͣסͷǿʢɱŻӰ𽥱
Ҷ˫ָƵ֣Ժ½ѧӣλʮּˣΪ꣡
һλѧҽҵ϶ʳɶ㣬Ȼٰƿȡʮּ
һλλѧܻűﱻ˶ߣ˳Ц̼ͷͨ쾳ϢͨΪжôֲ羪κˡ
һץ֮һ˶򣬾գͷŴ׹⣬Ҷֱӷȥſ۰ѹסҶ
ͨ׾ƣֱ˿ռ䣬һѷ죬ǺڶλɳУһСģκʿ˲ᱻУ̼䱻λ籩ɱʣ
ͨ쾳ǿߣ̤ɾЩ˵壡
ԶԷƣǿѹ£ҶһݣͻȻͻأһŴһ
ֻʥǹֱֱԺλѧͷ­֮УҶ֣沿飬񣬻һץͰѻλѧͷ­ժ£ֱУңʬҲûзŹѪȲ̵㡣
ʦ֡
ʣһλͨ쾳һ׻λѧۼ֤ⲻ˼һĻŵ˫ֱϼľš
ɶ񣬼λʦܣ˿ǸЭնɱ´ˣԺҹԺ޴в
Ϊߵλͨ쾳׻λѧҲס֤ҶһУ赭дɱһλͨ쾳׻λѧʵɾʿһʱʶǰԺλӣȥôС˵ǰϻǸݽɫ
ǣһӣʣλͨ쾳λѧһˣҶΧɱȥ
ҡ
λͨһ׻λѧҶɱתͳλѧȣ鲼Ѫ˿ըѡ
͡
ոպ֣ʥǹֱӴ̴ţѪ䣬δͱҶֱ
Ҷ̧ͷλǿߣԼչҶΧסҶһЦͨһף̫̫Ӳȣ޷Խңܲסһ
ɱһλʦܣʵڿɶλ˱ɱʵףΪ˷ֹһǲô̫󷨽ɱ
ͨ׻λѧλǿ߰ҶȰΧҶ׾پͰλѧնɱʵԲһ㣬ҲûаսҶһɱֻ֣󷨶ԸҶȡ
̫󣬴ŴǹԺԺԽ࣬Խǿǲǵóѵģ
էȻ̫ҶȺȻɫأȻ˵ǹԺǿ󣬲һѧӣѧĶǴǳ󷨣󷨾裬ɾǿС
ͨ쾳ǿߣʩչ̫ҲСӣҶҲͨ쾳ǿ߻δʼ֮ʣ̳һȣ򣡡
Ƿ񣬾ȻɾԸͨ쾳
һλߣҶʩչ򣬷Ц
ݡ
ʱ䣬һɺˮͭâҶΪģ羪İһͷţλѧ룬֮ٹԺѧӣԡͭʥ֮УţϢ˲ʥͭʥ֮ӳ޴ۣͭڣһһ㡣
ʲô򡭡ǿᣡ
˲죬ǣٹԺӣͳͳȫվ֮ͭϣңھ֮У͸һſŸ߼ʯ뷨̳ȫںϣԵʯ
һλɫ˲䣺϶ͨѧӣӵ˺ʯɾѧҲܣңۣȻȫͨ쾳Ϣһ߽ͨϢ
ǵıڲſʼһһѹ
չָգһ㡣
䡫
һ֮ͭм£ÿһаɾ޴֮࣬ʮ׳ۡ
ӣ
λͨ쾳ǿߣһĻѾ޷𾪻𾪣̵߾ͷͨ쾳ֲҪƾڣӳȥת͸ˣңԶ
⡭
ҲһһӦûƬ̣һһλλУЩͨ쾳ߣûз֮Ųʣ룬û뵽ԼȻɾϡ
λԺʥλλӣҲ˲䱻룬ʼһһ󣬻Ϊһߴǧɵľ޴ȻĬĬػΪΣ֮С
Сһ´Σͨ쾳ĽסһԣĽףֱǿߣǿʮٱ
һСţҶȶģѹͨס׻λѧöԷûκηſѾԽҶ֮С
õʮּھͿϹħż֮Уʲôܡ
ҶƯڰżϿգŻаż˫ͫʱͷʥ⣬ͻͻͻɨż
͡
ҶɨһڹžʱͻȻӹžͷһħȻ໥ײƺħҶ⣬ǣ̺̫ǡѹħǣֻ֨֨£Ͱħѹȥ
ž֮УȷйŹ֡ħҶϼУȷ
һԽգ֮䣬ҶȾžԣͷһžģףǾ֮Уһħڰ
Ϲħ˭֪ʲôа
Ҷ͵һ֣ͷһԽ򣬰ЦˣҲðգⷽרҡ
ǲ
Լʮ֮󣬹žϿգȻһѷ죬羵һѣţһλӺڶչ˫ۣӥ£ûŵأεĽеϴɶ£
Ҷ˺󼸲ɲ뱻ѿռԺһָƣк±㣬㿴ħ
ƿնĺ꣬ǳħƸССزסħ̽ͷһʱЦ죺ˬʵˬħ֮£ӡħкѼаħ꣡
ȥһ˷ĴڣҪһѪȷ磡Ҷû뵽ħһ¾Ϳߣʵں⣬ħ
ಡ
ħȻΪҺһ㣬ħ֮УҶһһ漴ħʼ𶯣ǿʢаħ⣬ͨ쾳߽ʿգ۾ͻᱻħħ
ԼǸһӰ羪裬һɳ졣
ҹ٣ħҲǺñ
ħЦħѪħſһͰħ븹УȻͷһֲߣë


276 VS
¡¡
ųħħ븹У̧ͷȥϹħż߹һһ߽⣬ѷ죬һ͹𣬻³Ҳգ۹Ϲħż˲һƬ
ݱ䣬׺ɣѸ಻ϳħżģֱӵϹħżΪ棬ʧ
ħ̫С½֮Уħ
ħȻ֣չģһźڰ֮ϣͷħҶҲҪ˱ᣬڳħǰСӹҼң⡣
ƣ㻹ǿ뿪ɣٷʲôһ㣡ҶҡҡͷųħǸаħ뿪
ϴ󣬶лˣ
ħЦƣһڣתΪħӰವطգſһ磬һħգУӰʧˡ
ħʵָ澪ˣӣھǶԸһɾ֣ҲѴ֮ԹҪԸǧˣҪЩ򣡡
ħҶЦթ֮ƵˣһοʼȻѰҷּ

ŶŸ¹򣬴ҿûУȻиԺѧϵһ
ƸǾӪ֮УԺѧָǿͨʯ۷׷ףԺ֮УһȽȽ
ѩŮ˵ӵϹŴɴУɾͷǷȻԺ
ѩˣλ뿴Ժġѷѩϵһٶ죡
ѷҲԽڵһԺѧӡĪȻ˴һżΪ뿪ɼȻѹԺ½ѧϣĳѷˣ
ƸǹϾϵ֮УݡԺǿѧӣڷͨʯ֮ϣǼԺȫԽԺԺԺԾѹ
ӡԺһ˲ѣһڿԴѹԺͷֻǧѷꡣ
ڹȥ½ѧʢ֮У󲿷ֶԺӰεͷԺÿζԺȥͷΪЦ
ߣһΣһҪԺȺĿ˵ļһúóζ
Ժϵ֮Уһλī̵ۣϵɫһΪﵽɾλѧӣͻȻƸǾڣһԺ˦һλѧƿն̸Ц
ţ½иλǿ߽٣ԺλѧҲһһ٣ͳͳԺЦġ
Ƹ룬ǵͨʯͷҫ۶ĿĹ֣󲿷ڵͶδֻ֣ն
ƸҲСȥһּҪҶá
һʯɵ磬Ҷվһʯ֮ϣͷչأ̧ͷ޲񷣺ɾϢԽԽ࣬Щνλѧ߰Ϊ½ѧ޷ӦǴڣǰЩλѧһһҶ
ѷĪȻȻЩѧӣòٷּпܳΪ׶÷ּȻˣҾͲȥѰҷּ׷ǰλѧϢһնɱӶּᷨ
Цͷͨʯʱ֮䣬һɺ嫵ƣʼͨʯΧ磬ʯۣ֮Ц񷣬ѹţҶ޷
ͨʯһ鼫ƷʯɣԺǿֲһ󷨣ӡѰϢȫӡУֻԺǿ߲ܽУ
ӡǰҲҪ߽⣬ɾʿӡǿȥ
ֹͷԪԪ壬Ҷһģһ߶ȡͷҲһҶȴһץһصϢӵӳԪ
̫⣬Ԫ̫⣬ֱһ֣ͨʯȻʯǧ֮С
ʱҶȸо޺֮У֣޺ƯΪӪݡԺÿӪʮ֣ÿֱһӡΧš
Ժӡ֮УȻҲд̫󷨣ȷϧǹԺ֮أҪܵõ󷨣Ϊ̫ҵ۹Ҫ󷨣
ԪͷɨӹԺһ̬ɨȻҶĿ⣬Ǽ֣ǹԺõٷּѧӣҶ̰⼸븹УȻԺ
ţǿʢ󡭡
Ժ޺ҶȾ͸֮ܵУһ΢΢ԾͷҪƽҶȴ⣬Ժʮ½֮УһΪ˵½ӡ
ڰ֮УҶȻδӵк֮˵ʵѼӢУֻôһ˴ڡ
ôˣɳȥΪôֲ
ĪȻԺ½ӣ˱նɱȡзּ㲻Ϊ˷ּҲҪɱҿɲԺһλǿߣ
ֳԾһץһĨ֮У̣͸ӦããƸ֮УȷôһϢζȻСӲҲҪۡ
û뵽Ժʮ½֮УҲиȴڲͬսģҲء
ҪѧϢƿغҶԺһʮѧ֮УȻӦһĬĬŵѩţһû˵սġ
սġ˹Ϣ֮У϶ʲôܣҲõٷּðͷߣʹ֣
ſһͰս븹УҶ뿪ȻһֱûжľѿͻȻ΢΢һͷһֱӲסսǵȻ䣬һħȻҶڷӴܣľѿȻٴͷһɸаǹħУһвŻָƽ
ⷬ춯Ȼֻǵָ͹ȥҶ޴籩ľѿħܼαװȥ̫޷Ӧħֻ̫ʶһսǵħߣؽսģҶȿҲ׷鲻٣ңҲôһǿС
սġصùģȻˣɣħľѿħܶԿսǺεܸħȣ
˳Ǹ϶СƱػΪҵͷ󻼡
뵽Ԫ뿪ͨʯ˳ûôκνƣûԺɾǿ߷˿˿ߡ
Ҷأħһ̲סһħããطȥ
Խһɽɿݵĺӵʱ䣬ҶͣȥֻһƬɽûκγ档
ţŨѪ
Уһ˿˿΢ȻҶ룬΢иӦѪڣɫһ䣬̷ɽ
꣬ҶѪ壬ھѪκ˶Ҫ΢еѪĵطҶȶԸӦ΢ҶҲҳѪ΢ɽ֮п϶ɱ¾
ңսϢҲУǷɱ¾ҲѪ΢
û뵽ɽ֮УôһµĶ󣬶һǿ
գ֮䣬ҶȾʹн٣·ܣߵ֣ܵϹžʯԶʬǣ޲͸ɭɭëĺ
Ĺо޴ʬǣ벿û֮УסΪһ壬γкܳʱ䡣
¡
ͻȻףһĢ
һݵһҶȾͳһ֣ҶȾ;ˣæ֮С
룬һŹ̶֮ðߴǧɣֱа״ִ󣬳֣ҷޱȣ֮ϣһλոʧȥѧʬ壬ʬǧеѧӻδĶȻôʳѧѪ
ϷһۣһôͷңΧһٶּôֱΧѧڹݡԺͳͳУǲңõƿصķּ
Ȼͨ쾵ΪΪߣˣ֪²޵ɾǿ߽٣ҲɱЩѧӣж÷ּΣѰ·
һĻԺѧӱɱҶҡҡͷЩѧӣδжôֲ
֡ɾǿߣΪԺҪѷּⲻѧ𣿡
ȻҶüͷɻ󲻽⡣
ΪȻﲻɾһɾǿޱȣ޷ͻɾҲԭ򣬵ǣԺȻѷּô޵ϣѧӰװ
ѧֱǻɱ
ǡսģ
˼֮ʱͻȻһϢһնһ֣еõһּţһȥǼֱ߷ּȻԿٶȣˡ
ˣۣԺλѧңһΪﵽͨһףȴӵͨףصüΪأѰ˸
ҶȿѰҵսġ


277 ѹս
ȻֶΣжһּ죬ֹϣ侲ˡȷʵǸ
֮Уۼ֤սһɱأն֣ȡּȥ磬û취ҶҲǳȡ
侲ɱϣ䲻սģֳڸԣȷУΣңʵңѵã˵Ǽ㣬ǳܱȣǸǻۡ
Ҷգ֮䣬սֳɱأȡݷּһȥսѾöʮݷּٹãܵõȫһٷݷּ

͡
ΧסϺɱһѧӣȫסעЩѧӣ̫Сɾͨ쾳ͽףôǲ֪˶֡
֨֨ؼ֣ݼ£ѧȻֱӲšͷ­ЩѧӸһж޷סɱһ߾ʬأǧ
ȥĿģߣɱսһģһǰ壬һëֵݺᣬѪɣݵ֮ʱʹһƬһϢѧӻ
һ߾ʬʯһأˮȻӵиʴԣһ߾ʬ帯ʴͷʣ¡
Ҫ֪Щѧӣɶɾͨ쾳ʿ粻ǷˣȼӲˮʴ£ҲʮӣʬͻΪ˺̣͵֮ʬ˷ĩˮ
أеˣΪһ壬ǿطֲϵ
ۿһλλͬ鱻ɱʣ¼ǧѧӣȻûһߣȻһ˵˭Ҳû·һѡ룬ǾɹλֻҪõһݷּҲõѧԺͣ궼
ڸ뱻ʹ£Щѧӣƴ֣භлϣ
Щˡȫȫսģ
Ҷ֮УƿһѡҸطһصɣܼһȥֵؼԺûаЩ½ѧӵѧӡ
ⳡ½ѧʢᣬҲһֶΣΪѡѧӶٰģڻõּѧӣŻõԺص
Щ޹ѧӣԺڹװȥʲôҲòԶⲻյƸǡ
ԭΪʲôԺͳһ̩λԭɣ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ߳գһʧѧһȥ
ʮݷּ
ѧ֮УһۣȥΪֻͨһףλѧλͺܶսģĬĬؿˣûע⵽ңѧ֮УһǻλѧͨΪĻλѧͨһףЩǿô
սɭɭЦЦݣҪа񣺡ȵõһٷݷּȻȥһصأȡֻּҪҳΪԺһܽԺĵõ߲ص
ЦЦһսľȻƾʧգۼ䣬ͳأóһ󵶣ּȥ
ɶ࡭
һͳŭƺע⵽սģһɽսɱȥ
ವһսٶʧΧɱ£˲ڼִ棬ڴּˣһݷݷּ
㲻µ뱾Ტۣƣ
սƲ죬һӳͻͻͻһ˲䱻նϣɷ룬ڶϿڣѪͷſֲһεѪأܸʴ̡
ڴֵһ̣սһ֣ʮλּһץ˲ѷּץģ֮Уת׼뿪أŭӰһ˸ţսĺɱ
ƺע⵽жսĸһмһЦ糯ԺӪٷȥ
ٿٿٿ
սķɳһ̣ǰͻȻͭ⣬纣˴ս˲䷢֣ɫڱ任ͭΪͭڣһִ˸ͭʥ֮С
ôܣ򡭡
սļȥǻδȫյͭУзɳȥɫţƺ֪ͻͭжôǿᡣ
սģ룬ҵ֮ӳȥ
ͭһ˵˲رգһǿİսײ˻ҶҲջ䣬һʥߣʥâ
̺ͭͨ쾳߽ϢȻ˷̳Ϊͨ쾳߽ǿߣ֪ȴǸɾ
սĻգȻ侲ͣҶϣȻһЦҶҶʦܣԺ
ҶһȣƵΪ֪սʵڼ䣬ͰϴڵУҳԼ΢΢ͷսģȻֶΣ˲ʹ֮ҵҵϣҲǸӦ֪ΪһʩչԸ˰ɣ
Ѽӣ𣿡
ƲڨЦսڵղôţʮֳţ϶߷ּɣҶʦܣǰΣΪҲ㲻ңҲһ·ڣѾǸˡ
ǾͲѿ࣡
ҶȵսģˣĻħ϶һˣ뵱նɱˡ

սɱһͨ쾳Ϣʱڽը첨ˣһ󵶣ץһͳҶ
ǿʢƣͨ쾳ǿߡʥǹ
սģҶȲ׷ɣһ֣ɱﵣֶһץʱʥǹӲͬλսռ
ƻĵ
һ̩ɽ󵶣սͻȻǰ㣬յͣϢƺȫᣬһ̣ʥǹݴ

ۿʥǹս֮ڣͻȻһֱֹսģͻȻһ繭䣬ݵһ磬籩սΪģʥǹײ
Ŷ
սվڵ籩֮УԼһȻʥǹ£˭Ҳ·磬һתøҶȣû뵽Ժ½ѧ֮Уʵû뵽ɾ磬Ҳ£
ҿɲ˷ʱ䣬ȻأҾͲٶزأħ䡭
ջش󵶣ս˫ֺסһ֣ھȻžըţһħսϣаϵͼڣͼǰɫѪ
˲սĴͨһףʱӵ߽ͨ׵аƣ֮Уħڱڡ
սģ¶ħȻǷҼУħΪǿʢĵڶˣΪԸԺ£ȥͶƫԶЩħͷʵ⣡
аսģҶ治ɫƺ֪սĻб仯
սЦҵıȻ˿ȣҺ֣Ҷȣɫֱң
Ϊصû˻ᷢսģˣǡħǣܴͨʯĴڣһ·׷ѰѵΪƽ޹ʾҸѧ𣿡
˴˿̣ҶҲûҪ̵
ȻǱͨʯ
֮ɲǼ䣬սһζˣͨʯǿԺλѧַӡĴڣɾһǿߣ޷УҪôǱɱôͻᴥƣԺǿ߷֡
ǣҶȲ֪ͳõսһ·׷ٶΪǿߣս֪һ·жȹأҲ޷ͨʯԣȫСҶȡ
ħ
Ҷȷһץͻͻͻգʼһߴɵͷʥʥ⣬սѹ£͸Ų䡣
ʥ⡭ʥȻħ겻Ȼûƭˣˣ֮У϶֣
ħӤ
սĿǴʥѹ˲ɫ˫һħӿ̷򾧱ڣϷһħ֣ǵħһȻ𶯡
ħ϶ɼ򵥣ս治򵥡
Ȼ𶯣Ҫ֪ҶȻ˶ʯ;˵زһͨ쾳߽ףѹսͷŵħȻڲ
νмҳּ£Ҷ˲Ϳսжôǿᣬѹˣпܱ򾧱ڣӶӳȥ


278 ѹ
սţδ϶һǿУҶȾôɳȥ˫һУֹͣ
Ҷȣû뵽ɾȻ˵㺣ʯϧƴɱϿ϶вٱ
ʩչ޴ħ֣ħףħƣڲȼգսȫħϢΪһ壬ƣһ汼򾧱ڣһ濴󷽣꣬ʢ֮ҵõҪĶնɱ㣬ҾͲţж죡
䡭ͻͻͻ
𳤴ǧɺħ֣͵ײ򾧱ϵϣͻ뺣ˮ֮УħͭҳһӣΧͭʥ⣬˲
û뵽˼̣Խͨ쾳ͽסʵҪһͨ쾳ҪԶ֮У
ħӤ
˫Ƴħ֣սͷħȫһײײһѿڣȻûгƿڣսɫڣû뵽򾧱ϵ˼̣ʩչħ֣жбκ˶֪
һսĶҶʵͻȻɵ˫һۣһħӡӳںħ֮ϣȳһǺħ־ȻͷһսʮĺɫħӤ
ħӤǧ򣬴ӺħӰһħǣסγħӤסħѷ쾧ڣҺħֿʼתħӤУצźħ˲乥ȥ
ͣ
ۿħҲҪ龧ϵϣҶͻȻ˫һϣħǰһΰֱӵסħ֣˷ӿͭʥγɵľڣʯһںħ֮ϡ
ħӤոĿʥ⣬ħӤͻΪ˺ףȻʥɣħӤӺħ֮ʥ⣬Ͽս٣һһɱħӤ
⵽ʲô
սĸоʥ⣬Զֱնɱֻ𣬲ǿʵһԴħĿƣרſħʥǿħĴڣսȫʧȥڲ
ѹ
Ҷȸ߸գһ죬ͻͻͻѸ£սĺѹ
ħ壬ħ棡
̧ͷԼѹսĲܰװ׵űѹ˫һӡڴʱħƣʼ֮нѣγ״תγһ壬սıС
䡭
ͬʱ٣ѹںɫħ֮ϣȻûѹ飬ħ֮ڣսȫŤ˫ָ߸סħš
սģɣ棬㻹пߣҵ磬汻ңҵ־޷̫⣡
ҶͻȻϷֱƣѹϷ̫ͻͻش·ħ̼߽⣬κ̫ħ˲߽⣬Ϊ̡
սħˣܾôѹ
սķŭ˻ߣǣ޷赲̫⣬ħ̫ݻ٣սı̫ڣħѹٿһսľͱС
ѹ˴ˣսħǳôɱ˷ԴƣأƵʱֻ˺һӣ
ҪԼȫҪħǿԽǿԼԽȫҶ뾡취Ҫħǿ
һ֣ҶȾͰӡ룬Ȼһʧزݵ֮С
ʵû뵽սУȻһٶݷּǳ
һʹ֮Уһٶݷּս֮ͷţҶͳͳץ޽䣬ȻӡͨʯӦٱ¶һˡ
ս֮ǰѾõٷּȥܵõǧּΪǰ⣬ϧȴҶѹ
ѧԺ֮УҶȻٮٮߣҲֻһͨʯ֮УõȻһһնɱ÷ּ
Ѱҷּħյػ÷ּҶ˲ɱһȡΪһ⡣
Ŷû뵽ʣǼʮּȡߣʬ壬ã϶ǴҩҪѹҵʵֻ߲١
ݴԣҶһ۾ͼ룬Ǿ޴ʬ壬һ߽һߣʮײУѪȣһʬ壬ʳһȥ
֪꣬̾ڴˣضΪֻϧô껹ûͻɾǿϧҶ˵£Ը£ͻɾǾͲǶ֡
ʱ䣬ȥ꣬Ҿʣ°ʱ䣬أȻʱնɱ෨ּѧӣ
ãҶ̳طȥ
Ƹ翾ϵ֮УԺӡ֮С
˿̣Ϊɾǿߵ֮ͨ߳󣬸ʮλɾǿߣλӣ̶ͨʩ˭Ҳҵ
ʱƣԺԽԽעͨʯϾÿʢᣬǰһλѧӣѼţһеľӢǰߣǾӢеľӢõԺص
һʮּһʮּһּѩʮּҺͻˣֵò
һλɾǿ񻺻ۣͨʯһ
䣬ʮ⣬ȻڱԺǰƥѽѩƽȣ
һλɾǿߵЦɽǿ߿ʼʮλλѧӣڴ룬ʱעͨʯ仯
֣

ЦݣǵֱζгֵҶȣɣһһʥǹУ֧飬ڿϣƺںơ
ȻһûԴȻѰҲ̾ȥûбԺѹЩ
ڰͷŹʥ͵ϮȻ͵Ϯɹǣƺںش˿ڷϣʥǹҲɵҶЩ⣬һ֮УҪɱֶܿͨΡ
࣬Ȼ͵Ϯң֪ϻʲôֱѰ·ԺѧӰɣ㿴棬Ŷʬ壬㾹һ
ۻλЦ˲ҲٴѾʼس룬ҪԸҶȡ
ҶȲɫ˿Ժʮ˽⣬ɱ㣬ɱ㣡
СԺǿߣԹ޷ɱңֻѹңҶԸЩѧӣ֪ǾҵĴҩҽ꣬ҾͻɾʱԺ֮ʱ
趯鴥֣ɭɭЦֱ޲ϰ븹С
ȻˣԺնɱѧӣ߲Ĩɱǿ߶߷ּǣɳȥһ죬Ϊ̩λǿĴڣΪʮֲ򵥣̺ǿʢ
˵꣬ҶȾϸ룬ܵǿҩ֮УƺʲôʮĴڣǿʢ̾ڴˣУȻһɡ

ҶͻȻһ֣ƺ뵽ʲôӣѹһһʥɫѿӸлͷš
ţǿʲôΪΣ̺ħ֮
ֵѿʱٰҲ겻ΪоҶȼѿ֮У̺Ϣ
Ǭߵ󡭡
ҶͻȻ߸߷ɹ״֪ҶҪʲô¶ҪҶնɱͷŴ֣Ҷ׷ɱҶٶȵģ˲ƿնȥգƿնֱԵ
һץʯ׷ܣң˫ֲϿʼʩչӡ̫ʯ֮Уһ⻷ʼգΧ
ɶ࣬Ȼ벼ңʲô磬ɾʿ
һ⻷˲ҶҪʲôȻֱӲ󷨣ֱԼ϶צһҶȣֳҶɱȥ


279 ʮ
͡
һ޴֣ոմǶĿ⻷ͱâֱӸʴһһʼȼգΪ̣ųΪĩ
㣬
ʮ֣գ֮䣬ֻǴ⻷ȻΪĩ𾪲ѣ˶ٸ£û״оǹ⻷԰ҲΪĩʵֲ̫ˡ
һУҶ̫Եʣ̫аħǣһССδɵʲô
˵ɱ㣬ҿԣΪǣͿɣ
ϼӳַӡһһ˲䣬־ͱһʥҶվߴӸ£ٴóľѿħ˵ľѿڵֱͨãŻаħǡã̺ǿξѿٴγɳȥɣ
˲֣ľѿͷ֮УҶϿգ˫ְס󷨣ʼ߶Ǭߵ󣬷ԪͳͳҶ룬Ȼ̫¯˲
ǷӣǸħ
ؿһҶȷ룬Ҹ˼ųֱʲôŵˡ
ƣ
ǵһᣬȻӸһ޴֣沼˷һŽһţⴥ֪õķ֮Ҷ̫ţҲֶΡ
ͻͻͻ
зĴ֣һǬߵ֮ϣȻʼתҪѴ顣
䡭
Ҷȸо󷨲𶯣ڼˣǬߵȻ֣Ҷͷ̫¯糱ˮ̫ӿǬߵ֮С
͡
̫ǷǿΧȻ̫֣ͰѴָʴȻʯһֱ̫ȥʼһһʳ֡
ʱ˲ãڴ̾ʮ꣬ȻֿǡߣֻȻ󡭡
æջش֣ʴ˴룬ֱۣۿʼʲôֶΡ
׼һֹԸҶ֮ʱȻоϿ쬣̧ͷһľѿ΢΢תһɹֶ󾪣ѿãֲݻ
ô£ҵô޷ۣңҵȻڱССѿգô£
Ҫʩչͷ֮ͨʱ֮пֲݵϴܣľѿ֮Уʧɥô޷ֹסˮľѿգҵڱҶ
ɶ񡭡ɶڵʲô
첻ĵŭţǣûãŭ֮ʣ岻Сľѿʵڿֲ޵׶Ϲžһ㣬ԴԴ
ó֣ȻһľѿѹСС׾٣ֱľѿɳķϣ
ʧȥ޴վǬߵľѿ㹻
ƣ
һҶֱ֮УȻͷŴǧͼֱַԲǧһпռ䣬ԽκҲ޷Ҷشڡ
ԼҶƿصĿռڣһħҶգħʱͷ󺹷˳ճ֣ͷ˿ֲĴǧͼ
⡭⡭ǿλҸоǶһλ棬ܣֻ𣬲˲λ棬ռ䣡
ħһ֣δüҶȴкͷִǧͼϢ޵ذƬռһħ˲俴ռĲ̿Ҷȣ𾪵˵ϢӵʶӵǿʢλϢռǣռֻһĿռ䣬ֱĿռ䣬Ƭռ䣬Ŀռ䣬Ŀռ䣬֮Сѵϴӵдǧͼ
Ҷһ㶣ʵû뵽ħһ۾ͿˣȻħһħ𣬵ҶУҲһƣҴǧͼɽ紫˵еĴڣҲԷֱ棬ҶȾȵͷƣ㲻ɽħ𣬲ҵȷõǧͼȴͼƬδõǧͼ𣡡
ϴҵż񣬴ǧͼݺɽ֪꣬ǧͼȴһֱûмǧͼںܶǰ֪ΪΣʧɽ磬֪ٸ꣬û뵽Ȼᱻϴõѽǻ̫ʼǸ˸ӣôۺˣҲδõǧͼֱ
ħ̾𾪣ж༤ҶҲӳħٶУǧͼļֵ
ƣֻȻкô㣬սģҳɣ
Ҷȷһץһг֣һˣսĺŴͷɳȫӡס˫ȴԹ޵ضҶȡ
ħĿսϣĮȻЦŶСӣȻħ֣ëϴ裬ħ壬ħ屻֮洦࣡
㡢㡢㡭սļħƺһ¾֪ʲôһŵ˵
Сӣ۹ⲻһӾܿħͷҿ棬ڱǰ㻹ʲôܣҲɽħһħǰɣΪħӤӤħ̥
仰ħͰսܣ˵
սôģѳħ￴㵽˭Ϊʲô֪ħˣңħӤǱʼɽͶӰԴڣΪ֪
ɽħСӣһħʲôҿħ֮棬ħħ𣬸ɣ
ħͻȻſ죬羨Ϻһ㣬ս˳ȥǻĳˣʵ˷θ
ҶһĨΣҡҡͷʵû뵽ս̾սģʵң
ħˣһССλ棬ҲֵӵдˣϴСӣǱɽħѡеĴˣ½罨ħֵ̳͵λ棬ͽͣ
һĨ죬ħһмԸˣĲ治ɫħеħɫ
ŶˣһС
ħǬߵ֮ϣͻȻһţǬߵˣȻҶֱ³ǰʱѾֻ֮ǰһСҶȺ޲ðһڳ£ħ־ߡ
˵һ仰㣬㾹Ȼˡ
ħûȫĿľѿ֮ϣɫһ䣬¶˿˿־壬ƺѪأҶľѿ龰
͵ҡҡͷħҶȵˣȻʮһССǱϣ䲻
ʮ٣
ۣҶͻȻһֱǳħ֪ľѿһֱû֪ʵƣ˵˵
ˣʮٿıôǧͼһȣһͣһǻƽʯ
ħƽĿʮѿʮ٣һֱǸ˵Ĵ˵ǿٵصĴ˵ܵĴ˵̫̫࣬ûʮĴڣһ񻰶ѣ˵ԶţһƬ磬ûˣûûˮҲûлҲûһһֻħ
ԣǸϹʱͱΪħʱѾ꣬ħʱֻħ˵ʮپǸӵֱãͨãͨħΪͨصΪ˵ãʮӵħͬԴţʮٲλ棬ӵãһʮ㣬ϧ֪ΪΣħʱʮٱħֿδ䣬ʧ
ڻŴ½Ѫ֮УϴӵħͬԴϢʱҾͺɻħͬԴܴڣֻд˵еʮ٣ԸңҵħҲſ϶Ǵ˵еʮ٣û뵽ΪһľϴϣѿѵʮٽԪħʱľ󡭡
һ渵ħ˵֮󣬱侲˫ͫͷŵħ⣬һֱʮѿƺ뿴˵ͨõ
֮ҶҲʮ𺳣û뵽ھħħõһľȻͷ
ֲʮٻԿҵԣԭħͬԴħֿ֮ԶԿħ֮
뵽һ£Ҫǵʱϸģʮٴôʧȥô
Կԣ
ħЩţϾҶȼʮ٣ôӦòҶȶԿħ̾ʮħͬԴħɣȻǲԿħֶԿԣбʲôܣϴʮһֱǴ˵еĴڣУҲϵһ֪򣬻ɱ֮ҪǱħ֪˵ֱӽ٣ɱ
ҶȵģȻһת濴ħʵƣѵħڣ


280 ѷ
ħ
էȻһħλ߳ƵħҲ㶣ЦħҲǴ˵еĴڡ˭Ҳû֮󣬾ħ񣬻û˭ħħ񻰣һֱͣȻһħ𣬵ΪǴﵽλ۷壬δ޵ħľ磡
ǵ̫ʼһսѹ½磬ھ޵ħ磬Ҳ֪̫ʼǼһǷѾһأ
ħɷۣͶ㾡ϣᵽѹڻŴ½Ļ̫ʼħֱħڣɱޣκɾǿߣˣǰʲôҲǡ
ϴʮǴ˵ǰ棬õľˣʮܴԽԺȡߵλħҲգؽԿܣϴ󷽵㣬Ҳ˳ȡ
˵ħָƤЦģֺҶȣǸղǰħ˭屻ϣֻҶɱܿû취ħ˳ģҶȡ
Ȼԣ
Ҷˬش𣬲ڣʮ٣ħҪö࣬ڳħֻظԼҲˣǰҪʮٲϳɳȥڻѿڣҪƣԶѰЩʮ٣ȵʮٳ죬ҾͿ˳ϣɽãȡκ
лϴ󣡣ħЦЦëҶϰߣҲð亹
󣬳ħҶ£Ϣ뿪Ƹǡ
ڵڶݴǧͼͼں£ͼԺҾ粻ͻƣҲԴԴϿ
׾߳ħ𣬶ңûдƸǾڷӡԺλǿ߷֣ҶЦתһСʮ١Ҿ֪Ĳû뵽Ȼħʱߴڣ
ɶ࡭ҡ
ΪСʮȫ֮󣬴ŭ̫翣δϸΪһףΪ֦һΪĩʮƺ
Ҳɿݣʧ·һһߴڽʯͷǿʢϢ
ֲ̾ڴⱦʯȻγʶǿɽҲûֱʯأʮһűʯ϶׳ɳ
Ŀڱʯ֮ϣ˼֣ЦȻһץͰѱʯƣȻһӣʮپ뵤֮У˲Ҳѱʯ뵤ʮ
ʮѿľ壬Ѿȫ丯¶ոȻѿβسɳţűʯҶڵľϹٳɳȥ
ָһ㣬⿴ƸգͨʯѾȥһ࣬ԺĪȻһԺѷڶ
ףȻԺһС䡯ѧӣȻѡ졯ϡһһѩҲ˦ں桭֮ǰһԾһˣʵ򵥣ͨʯ֮Уδоʲô䲻ȴȲսô죡
ͨʯ֮ͷ֮УһҶȾۣ䣬ȻƽҲʮ˵ãʮףȴӵͨΪ½ѧһżȻҲǸﲻţ̣
졭ţãɽϴΪңΣҾͰѻˣҿ㻯ңôҽͨ쾳ǻ֮ʱ
Ҷȴǿɱ⣬ǻʧ١
Ƹǣϵһӡ֮С
û뵽ȻҡֱϣֱӳԽϣҡҲ֪öѪܳӣڣһĬĬ½ӳԽѩҲ֮󣬿ʢᣬʸĪȻӳѷǰ
Ժӡ룬ͨΪףһλλƽʱײβλӣͨʯ۷׷ףÿʱעͨʯ仯Ժӻٴ
ĪȻʲôͷԺǲصùѵʱѩ컹ҪڣҹԺѷҲǸӣдţ˵ǹԺһλߴڵӣд˳ɾͣ⣡
ͨͨʯһÿʢԺǧо޴Ӱ죬˭õһ˭ǧ󲿷λˡ
䣬ѵѩʻҪãѩʥ֮壬һϹŴתɾͷǷ䣬ȴһ·ɱ
һֱͨʵҲ쳣ģģΪʢˣԺԺλҲкܴ
Ǽ¹ȥƸǴ֮УһΣսأʱ޿̲Ѫɱ¾ΪĹʬɽѧӣֻ֪ʣʮˣʬҪ̶һ㡣
ʱһ꣬ѧǣᣬּᷨɱڼݡ
һȻγɵӣ޴Уڴزת֮Уһž޴ʯ֪Ƹж꣬Ѿֲ̦⿴ȥֻܿʯΡ
ʯУԺʮѧӣһǧּһǧּʮ֮һ˭ܶȫּҲܳΪǰһԣսһֱһꡣ
һǧּ˶ȥһ룬ʣһ룬ʮѧɱаȻʬأѪһѪһ߾ʬƯѪϣĿˡ
ִּ֮أ϶֣ԺҲһǧּ֮С
ϸ֮£ȻһͷͷϹޣЩޣƻʨ֮ǧ֮࣬룬мʮޣһȻɾϢʮֹϣ׺ᣬЩǿ޸Ƕһּһſűʯ˲ѡ
ѧ֮УܣһСģǱ޲ֱɣҪô޻飬ӵͨΪǰҲСÿ
Ҳ˽ʮѧӡ
Ҷȴ֮ƿնʯӷȥ޴Ӷڣ޵ǣײСѪϢӭЩӦһ߾ѧʬ壬ս
ޣͼ࣬Ȳޣ£ʵǿᣬӵɱ¾Ѫԣ޻Ҫ¡
ȻŶԺǸѷȻҲڣˣʣ¼ٵּڱصã
ͷһһɨͷϢͬһǻ죬һǹԺһѷҲܰڶ
ݡѧӣӪ󷨡ޣɱޣҲиڣԼжǣȥ޻أسΪ¾Ʋˡ
⼸ѧӣһģ󷨶Ըޣٷְٻõһǧּǣ˭Ҳƽַּ
ΪԹˣҶһ۾ͿУҪЩѧһʼͺԸޣͰѿȫɱǣһǧּôʮѧƽ֣Ǵ⣬棬ɱ֡
Ǿǻ죬Ȼʹ÷ҲɼڻңλǸʲô䡢ɽҪǿǧ򱶣ǡñɱһзҵģ
Ӫѧ֮УҶȸۣվȺ֮УҶȲδоѩڣѩʱĳΣ֮أѧӣķּ
ʯڲʮλλλѧӣɴһλ꣬һ޽նɱֳһɽնɱޣһ·նɱޣ񿳲һ
õʮλͨ쾳ǿӳֱ֣޵Уͨ쾳߽ףնɱһޣ׾٣ɱһѪ·һͷ޴޷֣һź̤Щƻɼжô
һ˲䣬ֽ·һ̳ɽʣʹֱУһץʮݷּץߣȻ󷨣ڲơ
κ˶ҪԵõʮλǿ߼ӳ֣ͣһ·أòٷּˣǻ졣
ǳλҶ·ּȻ񣬳ȥ֮һҶǣˣԽһ۹ʳλڻ£
ֶʮּӸ£ֳɽ޳û֮У⣬м񷡣
͡
ͻȻһӰȻӻһȺ֮зɳī̵ۣϵһɱ֮ͻɱ
ţƣ
ΪӵͨΪĻ죬ӦԽˣҲǿޱȣκη紵ݶָƣӦ͵Ϯһһɽ֮γɻУճݵش̳
䡭
гͱըҲɱֳɽ˺üסΣʮλǿߣ׷Χʩչ󷨣졣
죬ȻЩʵ
λī̵̷꣬ӱը֮ͥŲ߳˫ִһ˫ɫףȥͷŵʮֲ
ԺѷȻ㣬ֲܻڶΣԭִɱֶΣɱѧӣһּ
ī̵꣬һ۾ϳԷݣˣǻ֮һԺ½еѷ


281 ı
ѷ࿡ݣֻһϢԵϢʱʱޣ˾һ㡣
˫ִ˫ȭףʮֲӥצһÿһУ罣ˣͷŵԣһϳѷΪóѷȥӰӣ͸׵ơ
ѷܹ죬˾ӰӣΪͨһףʵӦͨң˫ȭףӦﵽ׵زһԴɱˣ÷ּΪĿģ
Զ֮УһһҶȵѻУȷʵҲǶô෨ּǿãûôǿ߱ܵõһٵּͲˡ
ѷͬȫԼרɱ÷ּĸ֣һ£Щܻ÷ּѧӣ϶ǴѪɱ֮вܻ÷ּûǿʵֶΣܴӰѧӱЩӢеľӢȴһѷɱ֪ѷֶζôˡ
ڴɱΪʵͬҪǿĶࡣ
ҲΪµĶ֣ɱ飬ݳѷһҲΪΪﵽĿģϧκδۡ
Ҷ볣ѷͬѷǿԼ׷ǿ߶һһɱҶȣǴͨʯõǰλ٣һȣֶ˭һ֪ѷҶȣͽܶʦ
Ȼʱͽܻʤʦܵ˵ʦʦʵǼһ
ѷãһǧּû뵽õзּҾͻᳬĪȻΪһ
ʮλǿ߱£ɭɭ˵ռ˶࣬ʮ㣬ѳѷʵҲ֪ѷ˶࣬Ըһѷ´ࡣ
ѷҲвǧȭƣ׼ǿЩѧӣͶңΪľʢᣬõһһɹԺ첻ȥҲڻֵĻ۹òλ
Ի첻мһˣӸƣѷޱ飬һ㣬ɱ˵һɭɭĻµ
λңɱˣ
ͻȻὣڿգɽͷ׽ŵһЩ޾ӴܣţһλλǿߣͷŸַӡҪɴϻ죬ɱѷ
γһ޴磬Ż첻ͷɽ֮пֲǽŸֽâݺᣬ˲ѹɱκޡ
ΧЩɱ޵ѧӣ׷ҲܵĻǽʯӸͻأչ
Ӱ׷٣޼Ǭ
ڽڷ֮ʱѷˣٲһȻʮλǿõĽɣôǳѷڣһ㣬ѷκ˶
˾ȻΪһĨӰӰϰӰӰΪӰƻһɢһŴʮλǿɵĴɱȥ
ѷ˰Եʮλǿ߿⣬ʵڹ졭統꣬Ӱһ㡣
˺֮еҶȣĿתݺȺУǳѷ춯
ǵΪѵҵȲڣʮλǿߣڴ֮Уһ޴Ӱϯһɫ£ɱ
ڶǿߣȻһƣϴһ⣬ôȥ˼һֲӰɱȥ

Ӱײһ춼ǽ֮ײ籩
ٿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ӷ籩֮и@ȻɳһߣѸײڶ֮ƴʮλǿȻֱ죬ǧڼ䣬顣
ѷôߡ
ʧɫû뵽ѷȻһ֮ɱǰʮλǿأʵ֮⣬Ҫ֪߽ͨס˽Ҳ
ңѷʩչ֮Ȼ廯ΪӰӣӰӾޣ޾Բ׽ǻδţ¶һ˿˿̰첻˻δɵĽ磬ֱӻӶɽķӰնȥ
ɽâ˺ڰԣ
ϡ
ڰ֮Уһײ漴ʧȥ⻪СڰӰס⻯Ϊһԭ㣬Ȼʧ֮С
⣬ӱѷ֮С
ͻأʧ˲䣬ʮλǿߣԭأ֪룬һ֣Ȼһ½ѧӣǰѻֱ֮УǰҡʧַʵǴ㵡
ǧһɭɭĵõѨ֮Уֲָ쬵عθͣѨڷɳʯںڰ֮С

ĵѨͻȻ֮гһΪ޵ϢȻ󣬵ѨΧͻȻȼһ棬˲ѵѨӳûѨȫòԣԭѨһͨѨȻͱ˽ɼ̨˷һ裬ʱȼǼ̨ʼһơ
ಡͻȻһԭâӼ̨Ͽճ֡
ͻͻţԭ⻪Ȼ쳣Ӱһһɳɳ˲ûΪѷ뻯졣
ţ
һ֣Ŀͱ̨ɨܣһƣȿѷȻڴ˽÷̳÷̳ɱ
ڸսƸǣҾڴ˰׼õķ̳ӡڴˣ÷̳ɱǿߣգҲûܾȵ㣬ǻңҲһνԶˮȲý𣡡
ѷ˫֣¶ȭףڨڨЦҾ粻£Ҳ죬ɣֻǿ߲ܻţߣҪôȥҪôͳΪū
ϧķǿʯǣõķ̳֮У㻹ǴƣҪˣ
Գѷг񣬻Ȼֳʮģ볣ѷ֮У˿£֪޴ĵ졣
Ϊѷ֮Уѻȴû뵽ѷ˽ûаٷְٰնɱ죬ǰѻ׼̳֮Уʮգնɱ졭ѷıȷöԸ
ͻȻڵѨ֮Уĳ֮Уһ˫񣬰жŻ죬ѷβҶȣ֮ȻΣ壬ӦԳѷչֵʵı쾹Ȼһѵ죬Ļڳѷ֮ϣ¶һҪ״̬ȴʵڵ㣡
һ̣Ҷ˿Ҫô죬ô糣ѷĹӸ磬Ȼļƣʵ˴⡣
˲Ϣ䣬ڳһҪּ֮ܶᷨѷͻȻɱǿΪѻŪ˴һжڻԤ֮УΪѷ㣬ıңɲ⡣
뵽ҶȲסͿ쵽ʲôֶΣʵǿĳѷʲô취
ѷ˲˽㣬Ūţ̳һλɱܵĵ޵һɱɣȻ鴫Ҿ֪ʢ֮Уǰһһ֣ôѡĪȻбԴ䣬Ҫ֪зּҪҳ٣
첻ѷʵһץɽ˲Ӱ֣ѨΪɽ֣𶯣ɽƽǰڡ
ΪԴĪȻʲôҲԺһ½ѧеٮٮߣһΪӵ֮ͨܣȥɱûаյ£ҴӲȥðգǸð䣬˸أӼͻȻȵ𣬳ΪԺһ֤ˣΪĪȻ֮£ƴôɵ
ѷ¶ɱ¾ԣ˫ԽޣڨڨŻڴ˴ɱɱֲϲµѧӣɱˣҾܵõķּҲðգĪȻǿ˵ڲ֮أʤ֮ڽ㣬ӵеķּ㣬ͻĪȻ£ʱҸӵвٷּѧӣնɱ֮󣬾ͻᳬĪȻΪһҹԺȻҲǵһǧˣͻ῿Ժ
̳ϹŴɱ֮Ļϸ㣬ɱϣ磬ڲͣתֻأһжƻóѣ˾ͲˣΪ޵ģѿƵģԼʵʵ̫ģ㣡һ䣬סɽ
û뵽㵹ɣ˵ǣ޷ı䣬Ҳı䲻ˣµɣ
צ
ѷȻɹչ˫ۣ꼸˫ȭչ˫ȭףеĦָչ˫־ӥצѻ쵲סײʯȻ
úã
ɽһᣬ쵭ȻһЦסɽѷһ磬һӰӣײ

ӰÿײͷײһһӰڵѨϿղ˸ٶʵ̫죬۸壬ֻԴ֪ںδ


282 ˫˫ѹ
ײʮ״âײͣѨնǣ볣ѷӰ٣췭ظ
Ǹֶ˶ߣãǶһȻҾ֮
һ⣬һֱŵѨ̳ڰЦ
볣ѷɱҹδϣֱһӰͻȻ䷨̳룬ֳɽӱը֮ԽɳĿ⿴̳
죬ҾͲϷȥҪնɱ㣬ȻٰɱˣҾܳΪһˣҾʹ߶̳֮죬ɣ
ѷҹɱ£δ»죬ڻʵ¹һҲΪȣʵû뵽ǲɽ¶ˮߵزֻʩչ̳䳹ɱ
ȥҲѷҪɱңǴشѷҪ߶̳һں˫ͫȴͷž
ãűǬ
ѷһ䣬˫ֲͣתӡһӡע뷨̳֮Уգۼ䣬̳ƣͻȻ۹â糯ϼɣһǶʯľ޴̳¶֡
ͬʱŵ⻪ӷ̳ڵѨ֮һŻâγɵľŻ磬Żͣͷһֱ֮ӳ
Ϸ̳ʵ߲٣
ĿӾŻ磬趯ɽ׼ǽٵ֮һָһ˲伤֮
䡭
֮һӣ֮ʼ裬ըܿͱ֮ɣţӾŻֽ֮һȦȦͣ١
֮Ͻ٣ɱõѨ٣˺嫹ԵʮСûз죬뷨̳֮Уֻ趯ɽһ֮Կ
죬ҵķ̳֮Уֻ£ҾҪһɣѷû뵽ֵֵܼز̳֮ûѷȻܾȣ׼
һȭз̳֮Уӿƣһʱ䣬̳ͷŸӶĿĹ⻪ѨϿǾŻ磬һž޴ˮѨͷؽƣѻһһա
ͻͻͻ
Ż翪ʼѹ˾޴ķ̳ͨ쾳߽ҲҪɱԻ֮赲
ãʩչһҾҪǿҼһ콣죡
ڿʼɱУƺ⿪ĳַӡǿὣֱ罣һâƲ񷣬ǱɽȻ֮УɲǼ䣬Ȼһɽǽ
ܣôںϵ
ںϣֻ˲죬Ȼںһɽʵڳԣѹֳѷ𺳡
죬ܣôںϣ㲻ˣԲܣѷƺԼҪڶԷϣȫûġ
û뵽ҳôںɾҲ޷Իʵ״̬ݺͨ쾳ǸոɵλǿߣҲһֹʱĽâ
˿̣֮еҶȣȳѷҪ⣬Ҷȼʶ̩һǶʱ䣬˽˲֪ţħһ𣬾ɾǿ߼Ҳδܱȵ
ںҶǧͼͼ顢֮ǰʥȣҶȶδںϣΪҶΪʵ綼ˣϣ
Ϊͨףɽ綼δﵽȻںɾǿߣҲܣķֻӵɵˣںͬ
ͬںϣԵͼ򣬸޷ɸߵȷ
ȻҵʵôҲܻųȥѷ˵㣬޵߽ͨҲҵĶ֣ʵ㣬ұǻǰһλ棬Ϊһ壬ԷԪޣ壬ӡ˯꣬ڲңϣҾȻں֮壬ȻҲɾѾﵽɾɽ֮ԣں׾٣ֻҪͻɾ̩λ棬˭ҲҵĶ֣
øҡ
ѷʵû뵽һңȻõ壬壬һλԻðΣգԪޣһˣҲûԻһʧܣȻԶ˯
콣ƣ
գ֮䣬ͶˣųľŻ磬һ㣬һɽģĽݵһŻ硣
ꡭ
ȻŻ磬̳һӣŻ翪ʼһƣƺҪ顣
Ǿͬھɣ
Ϊɱһˣѷͱоһɱ˲Уֻɱһ·Ӷ˫ȭֲԣȭ֮ͷţŻ磬һۣһѷ죬ʼϡ
ûõģѷãʵܴݻһ𣿡
һЦ£⻰һʮףںôɽɽˣܴݻ
𰸣ܡ
ͻͻͻ
ٴϣӴľŻ磬ʱȻ˷̳ӳһУ񳯻ѹ
콣ɢ
Ż仯֮󣬻ҲҴ⣬ɫأҲû뵽볣ѷֵزָһץŻ磬һɽ籩سŻϯȥ
ͣ
һ̣̳ͻȻ·𣬳췭ں̳жʮɾһСɽǧ󷨽ƣʱյضԻһ
˽һ
üͷһ壬ͷðһ亹ŷ̳Լڶ˫ֺһһӨֻˣΪһɽ˽һֱ̳Ӵȥա
ͻͻͻ
籩֧ľŻ磬ûȫʧһ̣Ҳⷽѹ뷨̳һǰһ󣬶Իһ
ݡ
˽һĻ죬˲Ʒ̳̳κʯǼӲʣ˲飬룬̳ȻһһѪ򳤿ա
䡭
̳ȥұըǾŻҲںϣͱըըֱӰӰɣƮ
ֳֻɽ볣ѷţϱըɣһѪѷѾãɽУ֪³жôңɽ֮ȫϸ
졭ݣ
ѷ壬˫ҡڣѪӿǱɽȻûдѷʶҪʧڼˡ
磬ǿߵ磬ߣֻбǿնɱˣңˣȥһ죬һư̩λ棬Ȼߵλ棬Ҿߡ
͡
ڻ첻мЦոѷ֮ʣͻȻʥǹţѷ죬һ忪ʼ飬ǱɽҲѺۡ

첻ĳŭŭִɽ룬תҶǰһʥǹС
죬˵ĺܶԣ³ΪͬԺѧӣ֣ǣ˭ǻҵˣңҼһɱһԺ󣬻Ҳᱻ壬Ͱ·ɣʲôɺһ죬עעΪ
Ҷޱ飬˵仰ȻһץͰѻ֮С
㡭㵽˭
ʣһϢĳѷ֮ǰû뵽ǿ˹Ļ죬ҲᱻһɱˣΪɾһףѷĿסǿš
ʲôˣ˵Ѿ壬뻯һǲ측Ƽע˲ǡ
̧֣ҶһѷѷҲ˫ۣϳͻЦݣƺ֮ѡ
һλǿߣˣѷͷ룬ʬױҶ򣬳ѷˡԵҶһһᣬϼӳҶδ֮С
ô
ڻ볣ѷͬʱ֮ƸǾ֮УݡԺѧӷ񾪺
ڶĻ죬ȻˣִͨʯʧûԺ߰ԺǱҲΪԺһʯڶĳѷҲ䡣
ֵǣ˸ӵһǧּܺǧּȻҲʧͨʯѧ֣ûһ˱仯˼˵졢ѷˣӵеǧּϢҲ˷ӡ


283 ѹĪȻ
䡭
ǧּʧڶĳѷԺڶĻ죬һʱ䣬ϢǸˮըһԺӡ֮Уը˹
˭˭
ԺӪ֮Уī̵ۡѩλѧӣһܻŭգԺһλѧӣ׷󶼶ŭ
֪߲ͨ㣬²ãѷ䣬ǧּ˷ӡšһڰеľţҪˣ
һż
ԺһλλλӣͻȻʱ䣬Щɾǿ׹ʧǧּһǱһλŷӡˣңţӵͬʱնɱ볣ѷľʵ
ţѧУžҪ
λ֪߲ͨ㣬Ժ֮Уţһɱǰ֣ȥ
Ժ֮Уͨλѧӣô뼤ʮ侲һ֣һλλѧӣͷͨȥƮǣԺ߲ܲ㣬ѸղŷһĻ߸߲㡣
졢ѷԺֻԺûκα仯ѵɱ˵ʱһĪȻ
ͨرͨϸϸ˼ȻĪȻѾǵһɱˣȻֱ뿪ƸǣǵһûκξٶӵзּҲûôˣпܾǳĪȻ⣬ԺһλţĪȻҪţѵһʢᣬзͷͱԺռ
ԺѧӣѷǹԺѧӣԺݡѧͬʱ䣬ɱǸѧӣпԺѧӣΪֻԺѧûб仯ԺѧӲɱ
ͨ룬Ȼȥ룬ǲԸţɱ졢ѷԺѧӣǹԺҲãԺȥͷ
Һãųѷ䣬ʱڶĪȻ֮󣬵ҪĪȻӦòܣֻҪ䲻κ⣬λܱסڶҪҲ
뵽ͨҲסֱʢᣬԺʢòΣھ򲻵ţԺԺԶҲ޷߲㣬ɾΪ
ˡ
ƸǾϵʼͳζλѧӣʮλλѧӣϹϾƮǲ֮ϣһһ߸ϵλӣʼԦϰˡ
ϰɾǿߣκڻ¡
ͻͻͻ
һλλλߵλѧ̴߳ŷ޲񷣬̫ʱһٶλɾǿ߽٣ϵһźз⡣
ÿһλѧӣŷһبŲ
ʦܣѾ£ȴ޷ƸǣϾԺǩԼֻͬʱӦܽУȿ׻һţ
һǧλλѧӵһλˣһǰƳۣݣȻλеߴڣƺǶǣԣ˷ŷǳӵǳ֮⡣
ͨһƳۣλӣͨʮΪλǰ᲻Ϊƣͨһֳͷ֮С
λѧȻɾסۣôλѧΪߣ
ӣλ֮һλߴڣͿ£ϧǵλ̫ͣôһɽ
˽£иѧڰţλӣһλѧӣʵۡһĽּɵ
Ǽ¹ȥۿҪʢûжʱ䣬ͨʯ֮ûб仯ԺĪȻȻһڶԺѧӣֱѩ
ѩ֪ΪΣһ·ڽڸߣּѧӣܰڶգǰѾûйԺѧӣųѷ䣬Ժʧȥʸ
ߣ˭ɱ˳ѷҪǸҺúעͨʯǸˣ϶󱬷
Ժ֮ڣڴ룬һ֮ϣһλüǵˣȻϰλɾѧػţһΪͨڵأԺλǿߣϢҲûǿᡣ
֮£λѧӴҴһ£һŭһѧ෭ڣѪҺ壬ʮѣнп죬ϣȴǿЦݡ
ɱͽߣѷһҪΪԺµԺӰˣȻɱ˭
ī̵λǿߣŭգ಻ɱֱ֮˿Ҳء
ƸǣʱһƬʬϿգһƬռ΢΢ر籩ڿռ˺ѣƺռ֮ʲô쳣
ĪȻϢӦþڸţûκ
һӰӲ콵٣Ҷȡ
ΧƯŴƲ㣬УϿռ֮ܣûܷҲ⣬һ·׷ĪȻĪȻʮֲ򵥣ҶҲضá
ԣӦھֹͣ϶ڸ
ɨʬصҲһһ鿴δĪȻͬϢڣҶʮɻֹͣңҶŲŪֻһֿܡ
Ҷջٴգ֮䣬һɹʥͻͻػ֮Уز죬Ȼգ΢ʥγһԲΣһƬֱǧ׵ո΢΢ǣҶüͷһ壺ĪȻֶΣң̩Ŷ޷ӹҵĸӦƾ㣬ѵ̩ӻ
ʥգĪȻ֮Ȼܿ˾޴ռ䣬صɼʵס
ԭֹĪȻһˣˣ˶ǰʮڲþָһ֮ս
һӣʥʧջ⣬ҶһЦͨռ䣬ֶΣȷڰѧо޽УǣǸպңÿǣ
ǧͼͼ飬Ҷ̲סЦЦһץһɹλ֮Ʈ·أһռ䣬ҶͬʱҲһգ۾ǰ֮⣬Ȼ建֮С
һ׶οռ䣬һ׶δռںϣ룬۵꣬䶼󣬶ʮͷһӢӢ
λλ꣬ҲʮƤŷʣӨԲ󣬺֮ҶβüĿŷǴʥеʥ飬߸ϡ
ʦ֣ҵָ߰˰ˣʱ䣬ǿǰȥ
࣬λʮ꣬Ȼۣмλ꣬΢΢ͷ˵˵֮ҲλҲչԪڣԪɢ׶δ֮С
λ굱ԣһǿԳȥҪԤǸˡ
ѷ뻯춼ǷɱǸˣҲǿȥʦ֣̫ѵ˻һˣҷλòõ꣬м˵
ʦ˵úܶԣҪǸ˸ǿ϶ɱǡáǧּҲʦãʦ־ȵһˣλ˵ֹסڨڨЦ
ƣðգаɱ϶ҲҪһʵѷ֪дɱһңǹԺһλλߴڵĹŵӣ֪ʵжôǿᣬڶżȻ
ѧӻ졭Ҳȴ˲żüõԺһ϶ʵ룬ͬʱɱ졢ѷʵԷͬСɣ
ӢƳı㣬ᣬĻ֮أһ˿ɱȣֻ϶˴һλ档
λٷ磬ı꣬ʢѧ֮أϵٮٮߣԺ½ѧӣĪȻ
겻мЦҲ̫Сģʦ֣ںһռ̩λ棬˭㣬ԺЩλѧҲû취˵һССˣֻҪ˸Ͱռ֮УԶѹ
ʦܣ²ôԣҵõ˾Ͳλ֮һɳ㲻ϡ
ĪȻ˵õʮ侲˿Ҳ
һȷڲͬ
ĪȻȶ֮ʣ׶οռ䣬ͻȻһХӣ𵴣ĪȻҲ𣬲ͷǿ
ĪȻɫڣ쳣𾪣˫ͫд˼飬סλ꣬ɨ׶οռ䣬ȴʲôҲδ֣ƾն
ĪȻǷֲҵĴڣ˲ܵõһռռ̩λҲǶһ޶
ǵ֮ٴζƿռ
ĪȻüͷһ壬麹͸죬ͫͷŵɨպȵʲôˣͷ¶βɣ
Ӧ֪˭ȻңҾֺη
սĪȻǰһƵۻ֣Ҷ˫ָ󣬽̤޶ƵƲ񷡣
ѧӡ
ҶһĪȻλѧӣʱѿھҶȾΪˣܽƿؿռ䣬ͨѾܶԿġ


284 Ϊ
û뵽ôƭҵƿ֮УλѧӣҲ뿪
ҶĪȻعЦλ꣬ҲһЦһڨڨҶȿ
ɵҶȻƽ侲ǣĪȻҵ֮ͨĿռ֮УԶѹԲԣ
㲢ҲԴҲ֪볣ѷУǲ˵㣬ɾʿԲ⣬λǿߣҲ߲ҵƿأ
һ̣ĪȻ֮иֵʧУͬʱɱ졢ѷضǸʵıȺȴû뵽Ǹðʧ
ʦ֣ǾͲôзּʦģ
ȻĪȻλֱ꣬߳ʼʴʣѿڶɱҶ֮Ļ
ĪȻʵҸý㣬ֱնɱ㣬ǣڸղţͻȻı뷨ɱ㣬Ҫ׽㣬ҪΪ£
ҶͻȻ£ͷ׵ơ

ĪȻ֮쳤ХЦһֱûͣʼλѧӣҲһͬЦûЦͣǣĪȻһֱûֹͣЦλĿɿڴ֪롣
ԭҲֻѹ㣬õϷּû뵽ȻҸ㵱ūĪȻʲôˣԺδţߵλȻҵܣ
ĪȻͻأֹͣЦݣչָƽ֮ͫУͷһɱɱ֮׶οռ䣬Ҳɱ⣬ʼ
κ˶ҪӣĪȻҪӣҾ¡
Ȼ㶯ɱ֮Ͳڷѿ࣬Ҿڴ˵㣬ܲѹҡҶֱͦ壬˫ָ̹ɱ⡣
ʦ֣֣ʦ̽ģǻңջ̣
ĪȻڣλ߳һĪȻĵ˵Ȼתһ֣Ȼ
ΪҲҲһ˵˻ûʸǾ͸һɣ
ҶƲһЦ˸ٻ㶣Ƭָֻ֮侲ȴһ˿Ц⡣

Цݣװ˼ŭӶһӡ貶Ŀͷ£ѹ̫Ҷɱ꣬ҲͷͨĽǿƱҪɱҶȡ
ֲͨ׶οռҲڲֱأ˺Ѳ񷣬նϺɽ
ֶΣ˵ô
ҶüͷһǿƹҲΪȣѾߣԺҲǱλѧĴڡ
֮ʣҶȻָ֣һǰһ޵Ŀնγˣǿͨ쾳׷׹޿նһޣַӾͰУһ֮
֮޿նȻʧҶϣҲһɱ֮
ôܣȻܹա
ֳ꣬û뵽ôһĻ޷ţʲôˣ˿ֲѵҶһޡ
Сģ
ĪȻƺʲôð麹һ˫ֶһץ׶οռ䶼ڲĴӵȥ
Ҷ쵭һЦһָһ㣬ĪȻ¶Цݣֵ̫ɣ
䣡
֪ĪȻҶ˵ʲôһͷˮûüĪȻͻȻգնˣ͵󷽣ͻʳŴ죬ֱӺ֧飬ȻᶼûУʣ
ĪȻô뱣꣬ȴն˺ѣֱӺɱ
ȻɱλֵܡǧζҽãҾԶ֮Уɳ綷
ۼԼ£ĪȻһʧȥǣһ㣬˫ֺ£ֿһ̣ĳһɫɳֻаôС΢΢תĪȻͻȻһţɫɳͻȻγɳɳ
һɳ籩ֱӴɳͷţһ޴ɳҶǵطȥվһɳ޳棬죬ɿռ䡣
󷨣ֶΣҸо޷ƶһȷλѧӣҲҪѹ
Ҷߺ֣ɳ޳棬ҶҲһҪɣѹ޾ԨĴڻκˣҪ룬Զѹƻôпܻų
ӡ
治ɫͬɽˮɫ޳΢΢һ㣬һնŻͻȻ֣ɳ޳͵һȻɳ޳սȥ
ô£
˲䣬ĪȻɳ綷ȻҲҪߣԼƣĪȻʩչȫҪԿǹɳ綷һͬնŻѣĪȻֻԷߡ
ǴһУĪȻ㤻ƴֱзȥ

շɳףһʥ⣬ͰĪȻǿסĪȻͨ׵Ȼûʥײ飬һ̣ҶҲ˺һĪȻûʥ⣬Ӵܡ
Ҷһ֣һλ֮ռ䣬ȻҶƽĪȻӰռ伲ۣôɣҲɲռ䣬Խռ䣬ֻصռ䣬ָɽޱ޼ʡ
ĪȻʵȻǿᡭĿǰʵҲֻܶԿͨͽףǿ֧֣˵ĪȻ뻯죬ǳѷҲǶ֣
ҶȾƯգһƯǧղĪȻȫײʥ֮ϣҲҶһȻûˣ̫ȴʧȥơ
ͻɾҶʵնɱͨײ⣬ĽǿԣײУңͨ쾳ɾɾÿһͻƣɾҪѣ֮ء
Ҳ˵ҶȲǰһأԽնɱͨ쾳һףϾͨ쾳ʿһѹأҶĿǰһףǿʵԿͨףҶͻףҲֻնɱףԽ弶նɱͨŽסʮǿߡ
Ҷȿ²ͻͨ쾳޷ʵԿ߽ͨףҶҲǰôǰԽʮնɱ߾ǿߡ
졢ѷţΪͨһס֮䣬ʵҲͨ׶ѣԽˣҶͻͨ쾳ϲֻԽͨ쾳һףԶԿͨ˽
߾Ĳ࣬߾;ʵ̫
ΪʲôΪʲô
ޱ޼ʵշУĪȻȻֻԭ㣬ûǰһҶʼոûһࡣ
ɳ綷ҶȻߣֵܣǰҶȻɱ߶ûָĪȻȫ
ĪȻûʲôҲǣ㻹ţȥһ·ҡֱϣΪˣֻһѡ񣬾ǳңںͲچ˰ɣ㲻Ӧֻ·һ
ҶһŷԽʱգĪȻǰ
ҡҡԸ⳼
û뵽ĪȻ˼򵥡סЭҶҲе⣬ⲻ˵ĪȻǸС֤죬¹ϣǴϻۡ
ãȷʵǸԺңֻкôɾҲﵽ޷ĵز
˵仰ҶȺ⣬ֱͷһעĪȻ֮УĪȻȻûһ˿ţҶȷһץһɳץģֱ׸ĪȻȷɳ綷һռ
⡭ˣ
עĪȻһ̣͸ܵԪ֮Уһ޷⿪ܵķӡĪȻҶˣĪȻҲһ㣬ȴû뵽ҶȾȻ쳣Ŀռɳ綷
Ȼɳ綷ȷǷ˵壡
ҶУӵдǧͼͼ飬ɽλ洫˵еĴڣκοռܸȣҶȼɳ綷ĪȻԺԼҲκη棬ҪŬԺվȽŸӵߵλڲ̩֮λֿ϶ᷢı䣬ʱ˵Ժ
׽̣ǧ䣬ӵʵ׽½紫壬ĿĿ϶̩λ档
̩ӣȻûбֶıҶȶǺϵùϵĿģ˭Ҳ֪ʵһָΪԺҲ¡
е޷̽ǿУ˭Ҳ֪Ҫʲôû̩Ӻ͵죬̩λҲҪǧǿߣؼвɺ׽̡
λֻᱻı䣿
ϢĪȻһͷ麹ִ·ô̩λ϶ᷢսңԺһѧӣôţֻ沨Ժһͬ١
ĪȻҶûбҪƭҶʵҪʲôԡ
ҶȰԺ˽֮󣬾ĪȻˣҲ뿪ռ׼ʢʱһͷڷּ


285 Ժ
շĪȻԺһӣҪڲ֮أҪԼ
Ƹĳ֮Уһ˶ִƬأҶУſһȻƸ㣬ھ£ҲԴԴ
ʢᣬҶȲ²Ѹײڶ䲻նɱ졢ѷǧּշĪȻνǴգĪȻ˸ڣڰѧУӱɾͿ϶Ƿ
ĪȻһгɾͣ͵ҶȳɾͣôһӣԸԺΪ䲻⣬˭Ҳ뵽ĪȻȻҶȵˡ
Ϊ˳ɾĪȻӵǧּҶҲûжߣҪɾĪȻΪʢһȻõԺص̩λ档
ҶӵǧּǰûҪĪȻּҶȴʢһˣõԺصΪģȻǵһɹնɱ졢ѷƾһ㣬ҶҲﵽĿģһˡ
ûҪٶĪȻϷּ֮ɾĪȻΪԺһһš
Ժλ꣬񣬲Ǻĸ޷ΪԺѧӣҳΪѧӣ죬ҾվǰҺΡ㻹ɣλҦѶԸң
һЦ죬ԺƣҶʮ㣬Ϊѧӣݾ࣬ԺһȣңԺԴḻʯ϶٣֮ء
Ҷٶȣ޵һףҲŲʮʱ⣬ʮ꣬󲿷ܴ޵ɾŸҶɾʵﵽͨס
ʮ꣬С޵ͨ쾳˵̩λûУǷλ棬Ҳûٶȡ
ȻɾɾҪʱ䣬ҶǰҲǧ޳ɣԺԴ˳㣬пܡ
ΪԺѧӣҾصݴ½Ҳ᰷ӣ̫ҵ۹ΪݵһǵйɣšҲҪȻ취½Ϊ򣡡
Ѷʵǿᣬݴ½˿ɵУʲô᰷ڡʵڡСɣ׾
ӵĸ֣ҶҲ£Լ޷ԸħͲһڣɱɣħħǵ죬ʲô
ݴ½Ѵ½Ҷһֱ뷨Ͼݴ½ź飬ؼˡѶڣҶʵڶȡһҲʮףܰһ½ٽôҶȵ˿ɵС
򣬾ǵҲûҶģ漣
ˡˡ
¹ȥͻȻһ̫ʥײ֮ӺˮӿȴӲ˲£֮ء
ʱ䵽ˣ֮ͨҲֳӡᣡ
Ȼʥ⣬ҶȴʥΧ֮߳Ų֮һ콵٣һʥŻΡȻ㲻ٷӡּӡ⿪ǧ෨ּϢ˵س𣬱ͨʯʼա
ʱҶҲΪһ裬ŻʱȥԺѧӲϴӴȳϯȥ
ƸǾϵ룬һʥʱգƬʱ֮УƯһ޴㳡°ˣ㳡½ô޴󣬹㳡ϷӪֱݡԺ
ʱ˿̣Ժʮλλѧλǿߴ£գλǿʩչӡֻͨʯͻͻͻؽ䡣
ˣڳ֣ڶԺҶȵѧӣ
ԺӣȻ𣬾죬ͨʯϷš
ãû뵽Ժʮ½֮УȻ־˲ţȵĵ졭
Ӫ֮Уһ֣죬ÿһλλǿߣ԰ͦԺλ֣ڣԡ
ҵѽֱһ̲Ž⿪ɻ󡭡
ͨվһλλλǿԱߣ˿ڵڶʥѵʱܷͨģȻûеõһǣȴðһҶȣһõһӣԺصģ
ԭҶԺѧӡǸ뿪ԺԺڲʱˣͨó飬֮鹵ͨ˶һ֡
ಣ
㳡һŻգۼ䣬һѧӷɳվڹ㳡һһԺӪ룬ԽԽ࣬ԼʱŻŲŹرգ㳡֮ϣһۿȥʮѧӡ
еõּѧӣͳͳǰǰʮԶǰ
һΰׯХԺϿմ
һϣһǧѧӼɵ㳡ǰʣʮѧӼĽؿţ㳡ó棬ԺϿգһһλλ߽ͨλǿߡ
ͻȻðĵڶҶȡ
ʮѧӣƳشһǧλѧǰתʮѧӣʮŮԺѧһһУݡռԺֻӣĩˡ
û뵽㡭
ʮ֮Уĵѩ𾪴վ֮ǰҶȣĿҶϣҶ񽻻Ƭ̣ҶȾͰĿŲѩޱ飬ӡ
Ǹնɱ볣ѷҶȡ䣬Ҷʦܣ
ʱ򣬼Ҷѩ֮һλ국Ҷȣݼ֮ȴܿضҶʩ
䣬õҶһӼһԾվߵ㣬Ȼһȥֻʮꡢδѵ꣬Ҷ࣬վһɢഺѪϢ
ʦ֣ϲ
ص䣬Ҷ΢΢ʩȻԷʵǣҶȴ֮Уоһ뻯ͬϢһ
֮˽һںΪһԭ򣬷޷ɽ֮Уӵһų⡢ѹϢ䲻֮ͬУƽȣͳ˵ںϣ죬Ҫǿ
ܵϢҶȲɶƳ伸ۣǸʳʿףϢ˸о
Ҷʦܣ㡢һλѩʦãԺ϶ҪΪģӦúúúԺ㡭
ƺѩղžٶʲôſ˵һ£ϵ⡣
ܱȹãʦ飬ͬϣѩʦҲһվһ𡭡
˵һ䣬ǿ׻ѩҶУѩǧ˿ĹϵҶȵˣǲıģƾһ㣬ҶҲѩϺ
ߣѩأݴ½㾧ƭҶȣҶȣҲҶ޷ԭµġ
ˣܲƭοһԼߵúܽŮˡ
ĪȻվǰһ䣬κ˵ǰҶȽõģֻҪڹϣ˾͵ʶ
ҾԺѧӣĪȻҲᣬţѱκ˷
ãáǶֲĪȻηõһ
ʱ򣬹㳡ԺΪףԴԺһλλŮʿׯһλǹԺλüĿˣһҶȣͫ˸һǡ
Ƚӣλǻ粻£һλ£ʢԺʢᣡ
ԺλŮʿѳࣺʦֿǷӶԺ֦ͬΪͬˣˣΪ½ѧӣԺǱ˴֮Ҫཻ
֣Ҳ˵ʲôڻ˵֮ǰʩ񣬺Ц
ߣ
޾ȻӣҲ˿ѻ粵һ£һ䣬һĨɱҶȣȻĿŲ
֮ߣȻΪҶնɱѷѷ޹ŵӣòȻҶնɱҶԸһӣȵƲƲ죬顣
ñףҪǿջЦޱǻƢȻһס
ǰõԺѡһƷǴɽֱӼٵƷͬһͬʱɼɼǴżдģһֱӡδʮѧӣʮֱһΪж鼶ʯҩͳͳ٣
ΪһǧλѧӣδõּѧӣΪĽʡ
Щ֮Уӡÿ˸ӵеĽ
һ֣һλԺλǿߣӺ߳һץһǧö䳯÷ּѧӷȥѩʮڵӣҲ׷׻ýָ
һλڰ˵ԺӣȲ򿪽ָӡһԵ˳ʮƿҩли౦ɲ뱻죬񱦱һȥɷˡ


286 ʥ
ļ䣬һֱĬ֮ͫУһȼգ֮ӡڣ϶һаҶȵɱֻϧֻ̡
һǧѧӣʼһһ㴢䣬Ȼ˶ݣԺ¼ɾͣϽǲ֪öʬǶѳķּ
㳡ֻʮѧӣƸаӣ󲿷ֶƸǣ̭лߵѧӣΪԺ
ǰ
ץһö䣬ʮѧӣԺλλǿߵ棬ǰӼλͷ䣬ʢԺ涨һƷһƷһɼ̩λ棬ֻһ˿
žžž
տ㳡ʱʮһ˽һˣ񷣬ȻЩѧӲڱʾףأȻҡ
һ֣ӽָ֮Уɳԣ۵Ĺ⻪һƶͷǵһɫ᣺ΪǣǸϹžһֶƵڹϵɽλ棬һΪʮƷһƷΪʮƷΪһƷ
֮ⷨУһɼһҲûʸȥֻʸɼдҩʯ䣬Űɣ
ӣʮѧӣž֣½УһʱǧȲ
лѧлλǰ
´䣬žһһ룬Ȼһһӡ粡ʩ
ڶСΪ䷢
粴Ӻ󷽴нӹһöָӡʩȻƲҶȣһʱ䣬Ŀ˲佹Ҷϡ
һƥʢῪʼɽ¶ˮһˣõڶһͬԺʦֵܻնɱɱϣ˾η
ɶ񡭡ҦѺǸʢ᲻ûɱҶȣҶȻõڶҪǱ֪Ϊûˡ
Ժλ֮Уһλòѧӣ˫ֱҶȣȻתӰ
ǸҶȣȻɱ˳ʦܣ¿϶Źҵſɣβͳˣ
ʮѧ֮УԺѧӱͺܼ޶÷ּѧӣһŭҶϣ޲ްҶȴңƤҶȲú۲Ľ
ЩǰǳԲѣѽ
ԺһѧӦԺѧӣ໥ۣײOO@@ĦȴûȥΪԺѧڿ֣ζԺ˵νͷͲÿݡԺЦ
Ժ濴ͬ˹ϵʮǢȴŲϡ
۱סһƷΪһƷΪǿһɼ
Ժλ£粴Ӵٻ⻷аһõĽƱףһƬƬɫƬɣϸɣʮ־Ǻɫ֮Уӡɼı
ֲʳڣܵõʹͣҲ飡
ԣҶȽӹں봢䣬ӺޣʮѧӣҶȣò̾
ȷʵǳʺңַû뵽ƷҲ˶ɼҲɣ˵κɼȲ̫֮ϣκҪ̫ѹ
ӳޣҶ侲ذںӷӡڴ䣬Ƶصԭλɫ
ã
û뵽ҶȻ˳ȣλǿߣ磬ɶҶȴһĪȻȥ
ĪȻΰѧʢһΪٮٮߣδ貵֮ǣȻʹҲǾ޽УƷﵽһƷΪ־һʮɼ
ӻһЦĪȻûΪĪȻõһֳһֱλǿ߶ֵúܴȡ
ĪȻ봢䣬Ҳû飬ӡ粡΢΢ʩ񣬶λǿߣҲʾȻΪԺ£ڳһЦݡ
飬ĪȻõһԺεͷջʵԺõ䡢ҶţȵõһҪöࡣ
ʹֳգ˶õӦʹ֮ڹ㳡ϿգŻֱͨݡԺͨλǿߴ£ӰѧӱʮӢǿʼعԺ
Ժλ治Ȼֶθѡѧӣһһ㣬ʢᣬֱǳ̭ǿ棬ߵµĲ򡭡
ƯͨƮͨŻϿգҶΡȻѧ½ԺдĴ
ѩҲվգһֱѧӽͨͨԴ˽
λʦܣ߲Ѿ´ֱ֪ͨӽ롮ʥء£ѡΪŵӣصӴˣ˾ͳΪԺӣɾȻҡֱϣ
̬ͨȣһٰʮȴת䣬£ߵĴڣһλеĽܳһ¿أΪӣλȨȻ߸߳һȣλѧҲȲϡ
Ϊͨ쾳ʮλѧӣͨλߣϣɣΪλѧǣˣʸһѡͻɾ󣬿ԼҪͻλʵЩʵ֪ͨ쾳ʿһż
ͨж꣬޷õԺҶˣ׾٣ͨҲʼͽˣȻͨ´򿪹ϵΪԼͻλȡᡣ
ʦ֣ԺѵԺ󡭡
֮ͨУͨηΰǺӣҶȹϿͨɻ
ԺʲôϾҪѡУֱӽڵʥʵԺҲλǿߣֻûصʣԺߵøԶԺλߣϧԺ߲㲢ûȥʧȥ㣬ԺҪ÷裡
ͨѿڶԺмһˣĮȻͨ쾳ʮΪûԺС
ȻҶԿһ㣬ϸϸһ룺ԺȷʵûиʲôԺʮŽᣬһͣʮ˵֮ҶڿԺԺôȥ
ʥλǿߵҲУµλλѧ֮ϣλѧеٮٮߣÿһλȨܴ󣬿ԺС£ңÿһλ¶λеߣҲǵõһλ¿أΪŵӣнճɾͣǶĻ
˵ͨԵĳС
෴Ҷȡ䡢ѩ΢΢ͷǺЦݣͨϣλѧеٮٮߣҲ㳤鲻죬ҲҪͿ
֮ͨУڳһⱦľ޴ȥľϵϣһУͨͨУľӢѧ롣
ֱλλѧӹرͨѧӲŽƮǣ̤ʥأѧӿʼʥزͬ򣬳λѧӷڵʥأֻҶͨ£Ҳڵʥء
ʥжҶڻ֪ûȥֻçɽ˽⣬û뵽ֽڵʥء
ȻͨλӴ·£ֱӴʥأ޴ǰͨעһ㣬һڵʥء
һʱ֮䣬һĴأľӨӴƱʯĹϾɽҶȡ䡢ѩգ۾´κξɫ
ڵʥΪλеֻдﵽͨ׵λѧӣʸڵʥأͨЩ߸λѧӾڵʥӵеڵʥԪȷӿʥʮֹλҲΰ̻Իͣһɹ
ԺڵʥӵеȻݸһȣʥأЩѧӸڵʥѧ۽硣
ڵʥرʥҪ࣬ͨ£һʮһͷһƬ޵ķӡǰ
ʦܣѾɣҴǽȥʥأ
ͻȻһʥ֮߳ƺ͵ȴڴˣˣǱˣӣһۣ翣ֱͨᲢ۵ġ
Ҫ֪ͨ쾳Ҫ̤ɾǾ⣬лԵˡȵأʵҪһͨ쾳ʮ׾ͷһɳɹ̤λɾͷ۷Ĵڣɾ
ÿһλλѧӣǶǾӢеľӢеľţԺλ֮ߣ˿ɱȣڱڵʥظصʥУ֮УҲûλѧӼ¼
λѧӣԺĺģǹìǷĶܡ
ӽ٣ֱӰͨλѧߣӴһӣһҶȡ䡢ѩ޷˲һĿռ䡣
ɫȻȫ䣬磬Ȼڣûκʴڣһ̧ͷͻ֣ᷢƯһ޴ɽһһƺضƯգ
ʥأ÷ڿճԽһʵĸ߶ȣزŻڿգ߸߸ȫΪʥѾȫڷ֮ϡ
ʲôҲûеգԪҲڵʥʮ߿Щɽ϶ڵʥذٱֹǺ˾ţʥأȫԽΪɽһĸ߼ڡ
ʥأݷʥڡ


287 ½
ڷУֻ磬Ǹ߸ϣƯƶ
á
һֱƲ֮ˮ䣬Ȼ˵ʥأ̾ۿ֮Ա
ףΪʲôԺܳΪ̩λ
һɨҶҲʥɽ紫˵ڵľֳƵʥޱ޼ʣͨ쾳ϢλϢʱʱޣܸܵǧ֮࣬ûиӦģв١
ʥأԺģԺʵҲ¹һɾǿٽˣɾǿߣʲôֱ޵Уκ򶼲ڻ£ǽߵλ棬ҲСӡ
Ȼѷͨ쾳ѹأλҲֻֿɵã
ĬĬѩ˿Ҳˣʥأֱʿʥء
λʦܣλѧӣҪƺѧŹ棬ҲǶλ𾴣
ӶҶ˺𾪣۵ףҡҡͷһЦʥأûҶô򾲣Ӷ䣬Ҷ˳մطȥȻڵʥѧԺǬʥأʥأÿѧӣʥض÷ܵƲã»Ժ棬ԳͷѧӣҲѧԺģԲܵ£»κһԺ棬ͷǣ
ôʵۣ
֮䡢ѩֻͬͷҶȴͬüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵ
ҶʦܣݵȻЩ֣ʵ¾ǻʵۣǬʥ֮ЩµϹŶ¾ǻʵۣ
ҶɻʣڣӾȻˬֱӻشƺոսʥֻε½ţƢӦõģֻҪرʣһжԺӡ
žžž
Ȼ˷븡մ½֮ʱһƺɳһȺɺףֱҶȵ˲Ĵ򣬷ֱʱʱʱ壬òɡ
ɺףбķޣСɽеİë׵⨺֮Ծݺᣬûκι˼ɣȻǶܵƤȴûࡣ
ЩޣʥصλѧӴķ֮ģﷱܣҲΪʣǺһͨͨ쾳һЩΣ޵ΪѧԺλѧӵĴڣ
˴ھ֮䣬Ϸϴ½ôҲþ£мɣ˳ѻʶˡ
һ㶣üͷȻʵɣ޵εĲҲԽѧԺ
һǲУʥ޳ɴͿԣңλڣ֮һΪһ»ҪԺЩҪЩλ£ʮְйλѧӴһֻλţԳͷ
˿鷳죬κʣһһͬʱѾ븡մ½һҷˬ
ϴ½һ̣Ҷ˱龪㵣Ĵأﻨ㣬ɽƶȻţڴ½ϿգƯһԽߣԽʥ
ŨҵʮپȻգҪǰƮʮ϶ٴѱ䡭
ܵʮ΢΢¶ȫʼܣҶ˲֪һʮʥµľҶ뷨Ӵ󵨣һԺַԲֱӰʮٴƮʮƮǾƮҲὥ䡣
ҶȻ޷粻
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻϿ͵سһĻͳ䲻ѹңֱӱҶȶ
Ϣ
Ҷ˲ͷ춯ûжֻ̧ͷǰԵ⣬ͷŻκʵϢҶΪ޷λǿ߿⣬Ϊ֪Ӳ²Ӳ֣Ҳа취
˭
âɱѩ󾪣û뵽ʥأͻȻº֣ʵ䡢ѩΪ˵ֿܡ
λʦ֣ȻҶʦ֣ܳ
ӹȻˣȻӦЩϳ֣ſһ磬һĻֱݡ伸ɱһ𣬲£ǣǽƻǱȲǿ󣬺ܿɢ
ԣ֮ˣΪ֮¡
ʦ֣ǸԵĲ㣬ǸҶȵСӣȻɱһһѪĻ죬ҲŹ
ŽʧǸ߿֮Уһâ֮콵䣬аһƮӰ뽣϶Ϊһ޽
ɫ΢΢һҶ˻󣬺ʾĵΪ˭û뵽ǻ𣬻ʦܣ֪Ҷյ㣬Ҫа⣬Ѳ˹ϵ
ŶΪǵ˶ҳɱ֣û뵽ǻ漶𣬿ΪһأϢһƣɾһסΪϣ
󣬱ǿҶ˿ģûӱҲ廯ҶȱＱۣʩչǧͼͼѻĳʱգٻħ𣬰ѻ̵
Ȳѣڣλǿ߱ɱҶȣӰˣҪɱҶȣûӣҪŭ٣Բ˶ߡ
֮У۵Ļֳò꣬һǾƣˣ˫֮ͫߣ˸о˼䣬ʱƿնȥ
ɾǿɣ̤ɽ״ţΪɣɵ˰Ͷٻ
˫罣ֱҶȣƣӼ⣬һ𣬶Թصʦ֣ҿ϶ŹСӣѵ治֮佻飬Ҫ
ְڣ½κ⣬½ʦܣշαطҪһҶ˽һɭɭ˵ƽʱҲн
Ǵϧ˼£ҪΪңѵ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶƺͨʲôǰһȻ֮ͨҶȻȻ򣺡϶Ϊ˻ǻ棬뻯϶йϵΪң϶ɱ˻ô򵥡
ͷҶȾ͸ӳȣɫͿճȥ˭ڻ˵
Ҳһɣʦܣڵȴλ½ʦܣ㿴Űɣһке
ߣʦ֣ҪСӣͱҳ飡ȻҪ֣һɹɽˮ⣬γɾ޴Ľӡ
һССһΪ㵨治Сڴסյĵӣ
䡭
ʩչҪ֮ʣͻȻһߴɵͶӰȻ٣Żŭһˣֱ˽ѻǱɣΰͶӰǿǰȻ޷֮
ɾһף޷֮ǿߣɶ׵ǿߡ
ߴͶӰͶأغӰݼ£
ӣȻûеõҲúΪ°£һ죬ͻɶ׵ϣ߰ɣ
ǵߴͶӰ޷ܵƣֱӶѩһ֣ѩʹ֮зɳ̾ʧǡ΢΢ʧͻȻ˵һ仰Ȼη
ֻ˵ĪĻ¾޴ͶӰֱӿʧ֪ȥ˺δ
ѩȻ¿صĵӣֲãֲáŵѩǧ˿ϵյΪŵӣѩ϶
ӻվòŸ̧ͷһ㵣̾
˵£ղǾ仰ӦңңҴ֮Уоһ˿ŭ𣬲ܰɣԵΪѵ¶ԸңܣҲֻͨ쾳ΪɾҲ¶֣ΪҪ죬Ϊ£
Ҷһֱüͷɻ󲻽⣬˼ǧ㵵ĺܣ水Լ룬ǵҲ̫ǿǿ£ҲҪ
һֻССϣ谭־Ժǻõ´࣡
ͻȻһͶӰ٣ͶӰ޵ĺܣֻд̬췢һХȻֱӻ֣Ͱߡ
ʲλ£ǼȻѡǾˮɣ
ͶӰŲ翴ЦƺǿһգһλλǿĴڣλ½
ˮ֣Щ¶йŵӣ࣬ٸ٣Ǹӣزõһӡ
Ȼ֮Уһ֮ŷھһ˶
ߣ
λͶӰһɣ˾Ͳˡ
Ӳҵ̹ͣˮ£
ƽ½תҶȣҶʦܣѩǰ£ղһλˮ£ˣΪﵽĪز֪ӭ£һλ


288 
ֻҪ£˵ԣҪҸɽѣû̵ܽʲô
ѩ̱ˮߣҶһҲżѧӣǵòҲһλߣȵͲ˶٣ҪԸҶȸӲס
ʥǸãֻҪУҪģȡһ̤ͨ쾳ɾ֮ͨܡ
ô£ѵû¡
ʱȻžûа㶯΢΢һգۣ룬Ī˭ҲҶȡ
ȻˣҲҶǱشǧͼʮٻ񼣣ҪǱ˿Ҳͻӵд˵ţֻҪҶ΢΢ͷһϢ¶𾪡
ֻҶȿɲ£ҲûҪչ¶ĲŻǵڶȻõѧԺţֻҪһĶѡ
ߣҲڰңСӣҪúʰ㣬֪ʲôλ
ǻȻٴ¶ɱ¾ԣΪһƬâǵأצâ糯ҶֱӺɱ
̫ˣӾˣսѧԺԺ棬¶ᱻ߲֪³ܲң
ӭҶȣ˺գƬռ֮ѽâǽâʵѿռ֮ӡȫѹ򽣹ƣץסڵâƺҪҶɱ
ΪλǿߣȻһжôֲɱԺôѧԺ㣡
λô
콣âռ֮ӡסȫγɽâȣﵽһﳤڲӳﵽֶΣҶҲ¶飬Ҫβ֣ܿ⽣â֮С
âʵ̫磬ĽâɣÿһâԴɱͨ쾳ǿߣͨͨʮǿߣҲҪɾʵԿ⣬ͨ쾳ʮٱ

ͻȻڽâҪѹ˲䣬һٻӰһλòŮ֣΢΢һ֣һ뽣â֮Уâ˲һ侧Ө
âȳʥأȻһʼһ߽⡣
͵˺ͷһΧռһһ飬ǧٿף𾪴òŮǡµĵӣʦ㣡
ŮùһĨˮ۾˸ȵµ֮һҶȣѾΰУʦܣҪΪݹҶ㲻
£
Ůء׿ڳϣһֱδӣֿϲ̶ҶȽܵ£ǺеӣҶʦܣǺ¿Ϊص֮һ˺٣٣һ¶档
ᣡ
ҶҲȻһ㶣˼Ҳûӡ󣬲Ϊ£¿϶򵥣ǸصŮӣһΪӻҪ˵һλ򵥵¡
ԷһµĹɼΪ֮ϣȥ϶ܣ㳯ʩʦ㣬Сӣ½ʢ֮УնɱһһλӵܣͬУǲĥʵϣܽӻϵõĶ
ǻұ٣һʲôҶʦܿʵնɱ죬Ƹǻ֣û֤֤ҶʦΪ
һţֿɰ˫۾Ȼһתһѿڶ˵ûƿԣ顣
ʦ㣬ˣȷɱλʦ˵ĺܶԣ£Ҹ֮£
˫ֲ֮ʣҶͻȻ߳ȭʩ񣺡ʦ֣Ҫб¾ץңʦ㣬һϾ͸ϣ
СӣȻǾͱҲʦ֣ʦ㣬׶ҾԴ϶ȡ
¶ײЦݣû뵽ҶȻԳɾλǿߣʱſһ磬һâҶٶ֮죬ռ䡣
ֱţɰֱҶȣʵû뵽ҶȻλǿֳ֮ҪҪ֣ҶȸֶżҶʦܣ㡭
СӣҲɱ㣬һ֮ȻҪһңһЦ˫ֲſâҶƷ

ͻȻһâҶһ˲䣬Ҷ˹شӽȻʧգ۾ͳߣŻХΪɱб£µң
ɶ񣬳Сӡ
ûһѪҲû뵽ҶȾȻ׾ٴλ£ߣһգ۾Ͳˣ϶ӴҶȽͨµ֮ͨУҪ׷Ҳ׷ˡ
һλǿ߾Ȼ޷κһɾߣǿһĻȻûгܾȡ
һ½ѧӣȻλѧ˴Ȼʥ𶯡
áǻãû뵽Ҷ½ѧӣȻΪ˵ãֲնɱ볣ѷҲޣԭӵͨǵ죬Ҳûǿᣡ
˫ۿһĻȻһֱ޷ţȷʵǷˣҡҡͷһ˼뿪ˡ
ҶȡҾͲţԺûɱ㣬ʥȫޣˡݺһƳ񷣬תҪߡ
ִʹߣ㹫ȻΥԺ棬½ѧӣȻû־ٶȴѾɷǻִִ
һλλͨѧӲͬĽǿߣһͻȻƿմһֱּ߳ǿѺ⻯
Ҷʦܣղô𹥻ģ
֮ͨУشҶȲϷ뾡ͷҶȺ֮⣬ɽǾ޴ԨֻĿռ䣬ʥغȻ۾̲סʵ
Ҷȼǿɰģãû뵽磬ȻŮӣҶ΢΢һЦõһʮ棬ֻǲܳãҪĴʦ㣬ҿǿҵķϣŸģܣǧҪˣ
ֽصͷĴȷ˲ŵͷţҶģҲıֶΣʦܷģʦ㲻κˣʦ˼Ҳ˵
лʦ㣡
⣬Ҷû뵽ô׾Ͱ˹ȥͨҶʵʦ㣬ҪȥҪʦ𣿡
صʦչǧˣһֱδأһʱȥʦ㣬Ϊ㷥ëϴ裬Ҳνľʥزڵʥأһʸ޷Ӧ
Ҷüͷһ壬⻰һɻʵʦδأȴΪң
֪ʦһĬԣѲ⣬պʦһʣȻ
˵꣬ͻȻͷһһŻͻȻؿشҶȷɳһƯھ֮ϵİɫǰ
ɫʥޱȣһ߸ھ֮ϣ·ʮٿ˷ȴκνֻ·޾Ĵ½ԭ
СʦܣʦϧʦڡǬʥءչأڴʦڵ㣬ǽȥɣ
򵥽һ˽ʥֻڵʻٰƴڰշȥһȺȺʰ쵵Ĳڴд
ѩɫڲȡǽ塢¥󡢵ذ嶼ɫɫǶ˸оԴңȻԣŷһλǿС
úţɼλ£Ǹ
һȣһоҶˬо泩رǺÿһκȡԣȻȲҲͨԪǿǧ򱶡
СʦܣʦհӣȫŮӣλʦ֪٣ӦˡλʦϢѾʧнǧˣǰСʦãСʦܣҲǾʦܣ
ڶʦʦճȥֻдʦ㡢ʦ㻹ʦСΪʦСաʦܣ϶ϲʦģ
ڣӡ
Ҷû뵽ô٣ʵڳϣҲɿʲôӡ
˶´ʦ㣬ʦرҪرߣСʦܣǧײʦ㣬ʵʦҲףСʧȥĸʦײҲˣԴʦʦ񣡡
شҶȳһʮΰȥȻôȴȻ棬һ亮ǿͷš
ǿϢӡΪҪ߳ʮֹϢӦòһס
ܵɺҶȻڲֹ̫֪ͣǿжôˡ
ԭʦ㲻ѧӣǴԺһУõʦʶǱСԺģ
ҶԺʮѧӣÿ˶ǿԼѧԺǱСԺԺһ㳤


289 ͻ
ǧݣţһλŮӣһ麮ϿգγһˮģŮʩչطӡͣ뺮ˮ֮С
ŮӴŶʮ꣬Ƥ𪣬ģƽûʮ֮һƯȥһأȻòȴŮ߸ϣϸȶˣͷųĺȴ˲ɱͨ쾳κǿߡ
ǴʦһΪҪٱصüΪһ㣬Ҿ޷Ƶ𵤣֮ϣƣΪɶף
̤ҶȲɫزϳŮȥҶͷ⣬дŮӣڴӵӡ֮УԷΪ
رһ˿˿־壬ʾҶȣˮ֮ǰԴʦ㡮ʩ񣺡ʦ㣡
Ȼͣüϸͷһâʦãʲôʱ˵ߣȻѧӽ֣ۣѵʦУʮչأ׼һ
Ȼͣȴҿڣ֨֨죬һʵֵƤӦǣʦ㡣
ʦ㣬ʦΪң뻯֣Ҷ벻Ҫ𷣰ʦ㣬޹ģ
ػش֮ҶȺȻǰһİ̧ͷʦ
ȷΪʦ飬ǹؾǹأԺιϽʮѧӣ
ȣдʣ飬ĮࡢׯпԿó
ǡҶһǲַʥƣֻܵͷ
ʦ㣬Ҳǵģʦò׿ոСʦܣȴҪЩʦÿɲԸ⣬ԲԣСʦãǰʦã
ͻȻһŮӣӴŮ·Ʒӯһ翿ҡҷ
ûа취ˣʦãΪʦ㣬Ҫʦӣ
ʦ㣬գ
һҶȾ;ʦǸԿʣˬŮӣֲظղţ˵ϲʦ㣬ҶҲûˣתһһλòڣƣŽüʵŮӡ
ʦ㺫գȥʮͷɫ֮ͫл֣㷢߸һĿҶϣһ޵ǾʦҶȰɣղۣ˵и½ӣɾȻܶ𹥻λǿߺ̡Ǻж
Ҷȿɸ˲Ҳ֪ǿ佱˼ֻʵͽʩ񣺡ʦܼʦ㣡
һǼɣ֮죬߳ɴ磬ⲻٶȣôˣҶߣֱҶҼ磺ģԺʦǸɲ˵ػȫɣ
ŶΪʦܣΪλʦЧͣʦӦģ
ʦ㺫һһէҶȵЩ⣬Ǹ׵ӣһ
ˣƤˣʦãһͬáˮΪʦܷëϴ裬ʣ
ʱʦ˵ˣ֮䣬Ǻˮ΢΢䣬ذ֮ϣˮֱһɣԽɣðĺ
ʦ㺫˲ˮԣһָʦܣ뺮УʲôҲʦ
ݡ
Ҷԭһ磬뺫աֻоӰһΣҶȾͳںˮ֮С
ʦ㺫ղֳƿ죬Ҷȴһٺ٣СʦܣܴӻһȦżȻȻ˵ã
ˮ
ʦһĮɲǰԣֱһ֣һˮ뺮УʼӵײûҶСȣȻϥǣһӾҶš
ˮû̺ԣ˵òǺܴȴҲǿﲻ̥ǹЧҲʣ
ֻ΢΢մˮͱҶë׷ȥʼܿĴˮҶȴʱȴʼͣͲǰƾʦôിˮһ
ʦ㺫飬˼飺û뵽ʦ㣬Сʦ˴ֱһͨ쾳ʿͨ쾳߽׶ȲСʦܣҸоСʦѾﵽɾȼ
ˮУá黯ʥˮ
ʦҲΪ⣬ʵûϵһ½ѧӣȻ˵ãͨ쾳ûа취ֹͣിˮһ֣һˣǿԵˮʼࡣ
⺮黯ʥˮӦλǿɣ̺Ϣͻɶ׵ʱˣ
黯ʥˮҶһ˲䣬̫ͷתɺ黯ʥˮ衢ϸӨѪҺ֮Уٶ֮죬ˮйբ
黯ʥˮʦ˼ɣƽʱʦãλкܴȻСʦ׾پˣ
ʦ˿ݣΪɶףߴڣҪ֪ʵһ׸߳ٱ黯ʥˮЧԼҲôٶ
оͻưɣ
Լʮ֮ҶͻȻۣһɹɻ¯ʼΧչ졣
վԶİʦ㣬غȻɾϢСʦҪͻˣ
һס
뺫մȻҲҶǿƣ΢΢һŮ¶˼ģҶȵ￴ȻǸܵҶֻɾϢûȥΪҲ͸
ڣҶͷչ¶Ϊһףôʦ㡢ʦ˲ףҶȾȻֻһΪ
һףԺʥλѧӣλ£̶֥ҶȻһףȴǧʢϣնɱ˻졢ѷͨ쾳ͽǿߣܴλǿ߻𹥻ߡ
һף޷ֻ˵ҶȲţǾ֮оš
䡭
һ޴ȼջ¯ΧҶȣҶȳΪڷӡױͷţͨ쾳ʼϸڲĥ
ơ
ҶͻȻչ˫ۣҸһƣʱ¯ʼ߽⣬ҶëðһεѪҶȻ˸ɫʥ⡣
ס
ֱͻɶ֮Ҷ˿ûͣ˼һ¯͵ȼٴγһ¯
¯ƺͬڻ¯֮ϣһƣԣһ¯֮ϻصķģûܽķġ
ԣСʦڣȻ˴ԣܣʦ㣬СʦܲɾΪĽ𵤣ȴ˼̣ǿԣֻͨ쾳߽׻λǿ߲޵õĳ̶ȣ
޴¯֣ʦʦ˼ʦ㺫տŻ¯ǹϷģؼ֮еĴԣһ㵡
ɾ𵤲Сʦɾ޵ý𵤣߸ֻɾ۽𵤵ķ򣡡
ʦ˿ƽϣŲ˼飬ǰһλ߸ŰΪβ𺳡
վڹϻ¯֮ǰܵǿԣɾ˻ԡҪ޵ɾǻᵽֲֿز
¡
ʱ˿̣Ҷȫһʥ壬Ϊһ壬Ҷһץ͵һȭʼһһϣѿ飬žұըʥصò˥
ÿһαըÿһѣʹ֣ʹ࣬Ҷ˵СһͬͯɾɾʹӦ
һδε飬̫ӵͷţҲͷŶĿ̫⣬ȫʼԡۺϢҲھѪ֮ߡ
ҶëһεڽѪټǸγϵıըؿûʦʦ㺫ҲΪ֮ݣҶȸ֨ʹ࣬Եòʹ
ǶˣŻʹƵᡣ
黯ʥˮͻףʼϸ⣬֮УΪṩԴԴ⺮黯ʥˮȷǷ
ڣըʧǲϵ飬̫ȻԵΰʼдʥһ̫ɵķѪҺ֮С
Ľףͻưɡ
ͻƸоȷʵܣְĿУҶĮȻһЦָ״̬ٴͷŵ̫ͻͻؿʼڱը
ۺƾΪԿͨ쾳ĽסҲ⡭
ʦ㺫Ϊʹ˻֪Ҷǲ˲ݣϢһͷŻ¯ȼգ׼ͻĽס
ʦȷ˸ͽܡ
ʦɫƽҶͻĽףʼôȣλǿߣʲôû½ѧʢϻΣȻżȻһףնɱͨס
Ľףƣ
ҶͻȻ˫һϣ͵طֿ˫֣޴ȼյĻ¯˲飬ǲһ߹һѣҶԡĿ񽣣ÿռڲ


290 ۱
һžըǻ¯󻺻ȥ޾ʥ⣬ë֮΢΢էһȥҶȾһŷʥׯϡ
黯ʥˮЧ治лʦ㣡
ͻĽףҶһǺˮ̼飬ΪһựҶȳڴʦǰл
²ĵʦ£ִֻУʦãСʦȥй
ʦ㺫֣ûмҶȼЦǺǣСʦܣͺúڵУ£ûзֻʦ֮ȥû˻㣡
λʦ㣬ʦܸǣ
ҶȺȭʩתͳʦȥգգۣĬ߳
ʦеˣûͣʦ㣬û뵽ʦܻʵĽӵͨĽסʵ
ڵȥһߣһ˵
ʦȷʵҲ͸ֶʮָңʦƺܣܸоʵȲ˵ʦܣǿȥʦáʦãˣҲ֪Ƿ˳
ָ䣬£桢֮󣬲һӣ֮
СʦܣղΪ˵Ҫúлл㣬ʦƢԾ˳ʲôû£ǾûӺù
뿪ؾʹҶֱӷ뿪ʥΧȻ·ʮƯȥ
ҶȺ⣬ʦ㣬ԼˣԼˣѵȥ𣿡
ãʱʦʹúùȥʥһߣСʦܣйģȻйҪСǸֻ
һײһйشҶȷй֮󣬶й֮һһľ
ҶһɨԭйһƷжСʮĶأһķƫɽˮһһȱ滨ֲãʢ÷ǳйɸɾһ֪˾ɨ
ǳʺҡ
һ⣬ȡͤͥԺ԰һзŷعȻʸоϴԪֱʥأҶйǳ⡣
쳣ãҶȰйһȦŴҶȰķƫһһߣҶҪʲôı
ؾͿʼһЩƷ䡢ʥصͼµƣַ꣬ӡһһ٣֮࣬ҶȺ⣬ԺʱƷٵÿʯҩȵȣҪȥȡ
ΪѧӣȫһѧλѧλֻһףҶһͻɾôλһλѧҪߣҶȱϾ£λȻѧӸһӡͨλѧӣҶҲҴ˵
йͣҹŰ齻Ǹλɷһ˵ҶȻһЩ棬һУʦƺҲеˣӻִ󷽵طˡ
йҶȿʼǬߵ󣬲̫һߴɵ̫¯Ƕڴ룬һ޴϶Ϊһ֮С
һ߶󺣰ĸ߼ԪӿǬߵ룬ͳͳ̫¯Ȼ󾭹ȼաγۺ̫ӿҶ֮С
Ȼʥأһ죬ڵʥʮ죬ʥذ졭ҵٶȣ߰ٱ
֮䣬մ̫಻ʼ̫۴Ե̫⡣
ʮھȻų̫⣬̫⣬֮ǰʮѿֳ٣ȥܻһɳΪ
ʥذ紿£̫òݳޣԴԴֻм죬ʹﵽ֮һȥҶӵ̫⽫ﵽһֲֿ߶ȣʱ컯ȭڽ
û̫û컯ȭ̫ԽۺԽˣǰҶ֮ԷӲ컯ȭΪ̫̫ϡڲһʥظ߼ϣ̫ԴԴҶһʩչ컯ȭ϶
ͻĽףûоͨ쾳ѾͻƣҪɾԽʮնɱɾͨ쾳ѾܣΪͻƣҵӼӲ񣡡
ھǬߵ£̫¯ȼգṩ̫Ҷ˴һδйи򣬺ʥʱƽž޲
õܴߣͻĽȻûнϴøӾٴα
֮УҶȸоһ̲ͣȥٴͻҲ޿ܣؼ̫᲻ۣӣﵽǰδйĸ߶ȣԪҲһںϣɵİ壬ݱ
̽򣬲ͣݱ̶ֳȣֻͨ쾳߽׻λǿ߲еĸо
컯ȭʥǹ̫¯𵤡Ԫ񡭡ʱ޿̲ѱ䡢Ѿ̫ڼӳ֣ǳԴԴϵ̫ڼ֣ڸѪȵȡ
޾ԣңֱӰɣҶȫʧԽȡ
ϴڻŴ½õһǧмټûͻĽף̫֮ǰǿʮֹҪʣ༸ټӦò¡
޾ͻȻۣҶȶ˫һ֣һ죬վգһץһǧɵĴ󣬻䡣
һǧɵ֪ɱλǿߣҲǲܡ
ֱ̫Ӵڼټ֮У˵ţҶһ֣һɹɻ濪ʼ̫⣬Ϊ溣󣬿ʼȼ
еɣᣬһһ
ʥԴԴṩ£ҶȸоԼǸˣѴ޽ռͳͳóǧھħħ͵õټҶԼõǧȫ֮УںϣɽǧɵĴ֮С
Щ֮УâǣҲǵõʥȵϹż֮УõЩ½ѧʢᣬնɱ˻졢ѷõļǻǼɽƷҲﵽƷˮ׼
󣬱𺣿ʼκεķӡκε־̫ΰ־£ƽ⣬
þȫѼټӶ齨ɹ´𣬾Ϳնɱ
۱ף
һı׳ҶǰʢڶõĽƷһƷоԵĴʥҲضãڽǧ֮УҲֻмټ۱Կ⡣
ȻƷҶôȻҲֻкٵټƷʣЩ඼ǴƷʣһЩȻƷǣʷĥ֮УȫɣҲʼ໯
Ҳ֤һ㣬ˣҲǲĴڡ
۱Ȼģȴܾһ˵õһںϣλǿ߿⣬Ҳܳһ
ץסһ棬ֱڽ۱֮ϣ۱̫⣬ߵԣȻͿʼȼգӡ߽⣬ȻΪҺһ㣬ʼչҶҧָһѪС
͡
۱ȲţƺҶȾѪһ㣬ý۱ͷŴ۽⣬ȻûһԺλѧӻƵһΣҶ壬һۿȥȻһģһҿκβ֮ͬ
ƷһᲢ۵ġ
۱ӵиһһҶգЩ󷨣ᱻҶıǬߵ󣬲Դ󷨡
ñסǿ߹׾٣Ϊ̫ͣȻн۱׻壬ǿһԻʵǵһλ
ڻ۱֮󣬶ڱʶֻǣҪﵽ˼׺һܣ˼׺һܷӽ۱
Ҫ˼׺һҶȴﵽ˾磬ǵõ˹ඥֱñҶ϶Ϊһ˼׺һҶȾҶȣ֮У˿ƣϧҶ
죬˽һǣΪ̫ɽҲȫӲ˽һԲŻᱻҶ׾նɱ
Ǻܺõӣӵǿʵ̫Ҳô͵һմĽ۱򣬵ȴñһûǿʵһҲ˷ѣջ
۱ں֮ʱֹȥ֪죬Ǽټӡʶͳͳ˷˶ںϵĴ
Щ̫ԣᷢʲôת䣬˭Ҳ֪٣̫Щһܺġ
ǧڿ󣬴һɣ컯ȭҪɱﵣ
Ժǿ޷ƥеɾǿߣֻҪ취򣬾ͿɱֻҪλǿߣ򣬲Ǽ£ңλǿ߻̫Сλǿһƣ򣡡
ҶϸţԺǿˣҪôɱȻ޵У޼᲻ƣɱһλǿߣڻ£иǰᣬλǿ߲ɵԼȻװɱɡ


291 Ԯ
ôһת䣬ǻдǧͼͼ飬ֻҪͼסһضʱգסɾǿߣɱ
͵һԴҶȲǴǧͼͼ飬ЦЦƸѹĪȻշôǧͼȫƿĪȻǼɳǶǧͼͼơ
ûдǧͼͼ飬ҶܴĪȻȴҲɱλǿߣҪɱĪȻҲ¡
ԭĪȻݺ޵Уȴƫƫǣνһｵһ
Ҷȿʼݱ󷨺ܼ򵥣ҶΪҪͬʱǧø󣬸ܣλǿߣҲУԣֻǧüֱúɱɾǿߡ
еʱ򣬼򵥵ĶãҲʵãУɱϣֱǧնɱɾǿߡ
ʩչ̫⣬ʼݱ󷨣󷨣֮Ϊݣãۣȴʵá
ʦ㣬ӨӨĮʦʦСλʦ㣬Ǹͬ
ݱ֮УͬʱҲʼ˽λʦ㣬ʦʦӨӨʦ㺫գʦʦأһ䣬ΪϰߡʳȵȶнܣǰʦԼ¼ġ
ʦ֮УʦΪߣɶףҲҶȼ֮ΪλѧӣʦӨӨԸʦһģһΪһףﵽһ۷壬ӡҪǿʮֹ
ɾվ۷Ĵڣʮ׾磬ÿһ׽׶ʮѣÿ֮䣬ҲʮǧҪͻһ磬ǧ꣬꣬һ޵ʮףҪʮ꣬ԽͻԽѡ
һʿɾһͻƶףҪǧ굽һ֮䣬еʿһ궼δͻƶףЩˣʧȥģԶͣһףԺҲвλһѧӣһȥ
ɾͻƣʵͬҪʵͻƣиûʵҲͻƣߺһڻԵɺ²ͻơ
ʦֶѧӣʥѾ޵еĴڣ֮£֪жλѧӣԶͻɶף˵ģҪͻףȴϣãţͻƶ׶ʮѣҪͻףеţеһˣϣ
ֻֿţͻףͻƵӸ߽׾磬Ҫ׵סס߽ס˽ףǾͲһɾ磬ԽͻԽѡ
ʦӨӨǳʦΪģһף۷壬һҲŵȣ񻯾ӡЩλѧӣͼվһ²㣬ӨӨѾվڸ߲㣬һ׵ĶˣʮӼҲǻӨӨֻ֣жǿߣѹ
ʦ㺫գΪҲһףʵȶʦӨӨһأʵҲʦʦǿһأʦʥʱ䲻ҲͲ֮꣬·кܳ
ڰʦأǧ꣬ʲΪѧӣҪǿһ֡
ҶȺ֪ˣΪϧ¼ûУʥѧ֮ϣҲûأ֪ΪɼףܳΪ£ΪӦڶ֮ϡ
λʦ֮⣬ʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦ㶼֮䣬һһ䡭
͵û뵽λǿߣΪɵǿߣҲףɴ˿ɼ̩λ治濴ȥôƽ٣ΣķλǿߣҲ䣬ûоԵİȫ
ȻʥأȴΪӣΪȷʵ˲ڴˣԪܰһһﶼգ
ݻͬʱ̫ĵ̫⣬ϪˮһָҺò˾Ǭߵ󣬰̫¯̫̫һһǿ߷֣ҶȾˡ
ʵҶҲԱ¶ʵǣڴΣ̩λ棬ܱȫգǾʹڱ
Ҫ͵Ҫоʵạܻ̇̄ȥߵĸԶһܱ¶ȥһͻᱻ죬׵ˣձᡣ
Щӣ͸Ҹ뿪Ժݴ½Ѵ½ȫͳһʲôʵڡšӵҪһһ֪ɱңΣ߿ǻгħ𣬺οʵҪɱңܣ⣬ҺΣʵڲУ̩Ӹ֧ԮǺϵúã˷ѺĿģ
ȻԺʥǳٶȼӿ첻٣ڻ̫СٶȻǲұҪδ֪вңһݴ½Ҿһ½Դʹһ½ΪԴȪȡ֮֮ߣڲ֮أ
ҶȾο̫ҵ۹̫СȻʸɸ̫ҵ۹ǣǣⲻͨ쾳ǿߣ᰷Щɣͨ쾳ǿߣһ죬ʵڡ᰷ҲŹ̫ҵ۹ֻǰͳһ½շģ½һͳв
˾һûҪ£Ҹڣصݴ½ͳһ½
ʥǴһͨҲһԺ뿪ƮǣҲþڵʥءʥأֱͨԨִȷʵ㣡
鿴ʥصͼʼ˽һЩʶһ֪ʥزȫգ½Ƿֿģ½һСҲ࣬½رֳʮ򷽿飬С½½࣬½أݴ½ࡣ
¼ռݵ½أȽϹģһôСǺ֮ܶУ½СģҲԭ
Ժж£ҶȲ֪յжʮλ£ʥسܵӵһƯ½⣬λѧӣǹһ½Ժִһһֲ
ִԺȨһȻܲ£ȴԺԼ£ѧӣңִЩһΪҲλ֮ϣеΪ²¡
ִԺɷԺڣκˣ£ִԿ档
ϵǸӣҲ򵥣أԺΪԼЩǿ߾ͷִ֮䣬໥ǣƣ
šôͷǿʢƣֱƿս
Ҷ˽ʥأΪҪĽ֮ͨʱͻȻоһǿֱ˺һ֮ͨУʧ
ϢϤˣǴʦϢΪ˽꣬˵˺ȥ
ҶȺȻֹͣУ壬ֻ¾Ǭߵ󣬾Ƕ̫¯Ҳ˻ȥɲ뱻˷̫ңԺһ֪ǿ顣
Ҷſ֮ʱȴû̫һ̫¶ͻᱻ֪Ҷ鷳
Сʦܣ
Ȼʦػŷ⣬ڣҶմ֮Уۿˮˢˢӿ˳
ʦãȱţʲôˣôʦż뿪Ҷ˲ɳ֮Уԡ
ոͻȻյʦźţʦһʱϹŽ֮УʦΪʦ㣬ԱʦһҪʦڵһ˸ȥȣ
ؿ޿䣬۾ͰͣĵĵʦҪһȥǴʦƫãһ˶ɴʦ㡭
ʦ㣬ʦҲΪã룬ʦʲôΪʦ㶼סʦȥܰʲôæİɣʦΪӦòд⣡
ҶȷֲΪĴʦ㣬ΪԳԭʦӨӨ£ЩŮѧӣһ˻ҪãȻȡ
ֱ֪ţ˵Сʦܣ֪ʦ˵ȥ򣬲ƫԶҳΣգС򡯣ԺλѧӣУţǡǸλ桮ɽǿͳΣǴʦ㣬ҲΣգɽ̩λһֱĵˣ
ߵλ棬ɽ
ҶҲΪ㵣̩λǵ͵λ棬ߵλ棬Ȼȵ͵λҪߣʿҲȻҪ̩λʿǿ
ңɽӦͱǿԽеͨ½Ͻλ츳ͨΪԽߣԽǿᡣ
ɽϽ֪жôգɶ׵ǿ߽룬Ҳվϡ
ʵòע⣬żʦڱչأֲ֪ͨ˼ңСʦܣôãѵֻѧԺԮʦȥ֧Ԯ
ʦ㣬ȱżʦΪǿߣӦòΣգʦһſռ䷨˵԰æʦ½ѧʢһٳҲΪǼռ䷨ʦ㣬ʦȥʦ㣡
ಡ
Ҷ˵꣬ͻΪһ裬ֱӷһ֮Уʱһ̫ž޳渹Ӱ
⡭
ػûüڣҶȾȥظżãʦ㣬СʦܡǵͽΪѵλǿ߱ȼ磬ң
һ£зŷһʦȥ֪ҶҲȥˣ̳߿йٷȥ


292 
ϳѨ֮УҶȸʦϢֻܸӦһĨ޾ͷ
ɾǿߣٶȿףһգۣܷԾƮǣڴʦѾƮǾϵ㣬ϾҪ뿪ǡ
ͻͻվͷҶ׷ѰɳƮǣֱԽƮΧڣԶմȥ
ԺͨƮΧ򣬻ͨԶ򣬲ͨԽԶԽʱ̻пռ֮ӿ룬˲˾ǿ֮Уǿ֮ѹɾǿҲ޷⡣
ȻͨԶȴΣأλѧӣһ㶼ѡԨֻܽλǿߣŻԽ򣬶ֲΣգֱӺѧӣΪټ
ŶһλСӣҴԽ򣡡
Ǹѧӡԣλѧӣ֪ˣӴͷ۵ԺѧӣҶȣ
ʲôԺѾʥҲ֪λ¿Уôûֺѽ
Ʈڴ͵֮ͨڣʮͨһѧӣȻǼƮǾ⣬һ޴ͨڣһӰݺᴩͷϷֱǰңԶȥ
Щѧӣ׷׷̾߼ֻͨʥЩѧӻλǿߣʸ
ԭҶȾԺ½ѧʢ֮Уһˣȵ𣬳ΪԺΪȵڣЩͨѧӣһҶݺڸ߼֮ͨУͰҶϳˡ
ƮԶԶ˦ں棬ڣôǧͼͼ飬ʱմ󡭡
ʮ֮ҶתͷһѾʼԶǣȻ˫һӣһصʥ⻷֮дһУҶ˲С
鲼ССͨʵԺػߣһһأֹѧƮǣάͨκΣ˲ѧûҪ
Ǵʦ㣡
ԵҰɫ֮Уһ޿Ҫʧ֮ͨУһλŮУ˫ֺһһǿҿͨǰٶ֮죬ʯ׹䡣
ڻҺڡϵ֮УλŮӣʥӣӺڰеͷŵĹâȻ΢ȴǰ
һʥ޾ǿ֮УҶվ棬·ͨȥѴʦһҲᱩ¶ʵͨϾҪ飬ԴʦʵȻӵƿմҲֻܴףӦûǰһ䣬پ󣬺ãҾڴ
˵֮䣬Ҷ˾ʧںڰǿ洦˱޴ϵɱΣӰ١
һȻԵԪʮַḻԴܸġ
һ󣬽һΰɽ֮УԺӣʮҪģͨһƮԶһתվ
޵һ̨γɱ״̨Ǵģڴܣһ¥󡢹ԼѧУǴػߡ
ʱ˿̣ɫھػأǧͬ뿪ȥЩƫԶʮַæҲ㾭÷٣Գ봫֯
ߣôĵӣɱʦܣǿд󣬿ɶ񣡡
Ǽ̨֮ϣͻȻը𣬼ʮλλѧӣΧɱһλݵߣݿݣֻʣһƤңʵȴ쳣ʮλλѧ˿塣
Ϸɱ˭ɱ˭ȺСӣͨ쾳Ϊ£ǶϷȥɣ
ͻȻλߣΪħͷһ㣬һɹѪӰˮͨ쾳ֱӰѼʮλѧƷЩɾѧӣ߶֣ţһλλѧӣϰλʥλѧӳɱ
һȺϣŶ
аߣĿͻȻλλѧϣЦԺλѧӣе㾡ƾͨĽΪϷ֣λӣ
ɣ
Ȼ˿ʥλλѧӣſһ磬һںɽаһɽٵѹ
ã˾Ȼͨ쾳߽ף֪߲ͨ㣬
λλѧӣû뵽ǿᣬûһգ̴·
䡭
ۿаҪݵ֮ʱһֱӴӴһ֧ӨɼӲ֮ǿ̴ֲ͸ɼûͣҲûܵκӰ졣
ǡ
͵˺󼸲Ƿɼ˫ͫѪ˿ֻп־壬ƺ˷Ǳ˵һǷɼ̴Ϊһ񣬻һ飬ΪƬһһء
ǡ
ѧӣлιһλλǿλǿߣӴķˣΪͨ׵ʮײȣͨʮλǿߣֱλǿߣһ֣ڴΧȴʿŵòҳ
һλλ߽ͨλѧӣηؿŴգƺ֪ʲôҪ٣һޱϣӲ񷣬ȻһӰӲؽ٣֮ͨг֣Ǵʦ
ݼλѧ
ʥλλǻλλѧӣǧˣ׷¹򣬶£ȻǸûǰۣԺλǿߵĵۣɾκѧӼҪ¹ӭӡ
λѧӵλ
ʦ㣡
ͻȻڲߴոճֵһǰѧ񣬸޶ݣ߶ٴδ֮ʱҶȴһͨ߳պ档
ŶСʦܣô㣡
òһĨ㵣û뵽ҶȻ֣뿪֮ʱѾӦҶУȴԼǰʱͨдΪ𾪣ҶȾȻӵٶȡ
ʦ㣬ղʦ㣬֪ȥ
һգֱӳǰʩʦ㣬һռ䷨λǿߣʱգѾ֤ʵʦ룬Ӧÿ԰ϵæκνơ󷨶˵öſԸʦ㣬ȳʦ㣡
ãʦܣȻдģ汦һͬǰȥ򣬽ȶʦ㣬ߣ
ʦԼ䣬ֱӵͷӦת߶һʼ٣ҶȽ֮С
찡ǾɾͷϢһϢѹǴѪ
⣬Щȴ͵ʿһǱţѪܲɾǿơ
ǴΧЩʿǿߣΪϢ˭ԺλѧӣȻʵգ֮䣬ǿߡ
ɵƣһ֣˲ɱͨ쾳ǿߣʮΪԺһݻѧӣڶ֪һλλѧӽ٣ȴʼԺͨ
ڣҶͨѾȫ뿪򣬳ǰǿ
Ưգ˿ɽȥһϵ񣬲һ麮ɵı΢΢˫ۣһԣƺҶȲڡ
෴ҶҲɫȴţʼñһſֱӺҪһƬڰ򣬿ȥһƬƣ޾ǿƯš
Сʦܣһվ֣ΪҪЩ
ڿ˵ʱҲһ֮Уһ۹ƿأҶһʿ٣ҶϽʯֱ̤֮ȥ
Χоǲһƺͥһ㣬κη涼ᲢۣԪʵٵÿһԴҲϡ٣ȫա
ʵаȡ
һ֮ҶͻȻۣһаϢѣǰȥķڣҪôѪɫһſźڰаʯǶ֮У֮࣬һٶ
ܿ죬ͳһŰɫȥڹ쾧ϵϣͷžǿƿأһλǿߴڵ֡
ƽͨ򣬸һڴһλλçǰ׺ݺݵҪʯûʯʯҲԣҼ۸ס
һٶֻвʮ֮һڷ֮У󲿷δʵϣһλλǿ
߳󣬾ͼһ޴ĳǳأֽȻʮ־޴ΰһۿȥ󲿷ֶʿֻаϢҲиܴʿǸˣһȺˣǴġ
ЩΪͨ쾳֮ϣʲôﶼУүɸ֣ȴûмκԺѧӡ


293 Ԫ
Ҷڽٴ֮ǰͰѴŸı䣬ƽһȫԺѧӡ
ʦ㣬Ժܴ
Ŀӽֵǳ֮ҶǴգһһ˿˿֮УӦɾǿߵ֣ȷš
ɽԺѹδζû֮Ум¼ɾǿߣкüλʮʿ𣡡
ʵвԺԲûг׽ѹǸҪһѪսҲᱻݻ٣
Ժʵʮ㣬˵֮䣬Ըַ緶ҶҲͬ˵ԺҲҪ
֮ûԭҲв٣Ҫ֪Ҳһ߼λɽϵԺҪҲḶִܴۣۣĿǰ˵ڸ
ɽϣԺ붼룬˲
Ҷһɨ񷣺򣬾̫ҵ۹Ҫصݴ½һͳ½½ܷκΣգ
ʦܣڴͣһϸʦϵһһϵ̸Ϲȥ
ֵֽУҶȵͷȻʼԪͨƷһ
ԴоȻȲ򣬵һҪֲ߳࣬ɽѡбҪͰƬ£ݴ½͹һʥأ
ʵ֣ܶ׽濹ľ棬ƫԶ򣬵̫ҵ۹ݴ½Ժ϶׽̶֣ԺҪ׽̸𣬻̩ӣ˭֪᲻ѧ棬ٴͳһλ棬Ȼֻܱдǿʵս棡
ҶȰδκΣ˳ᢣδҪߣкܺԴϽһʥأδزܣҶΪһ޵ħ֡
Ҫݴ½͵ǲףҶΪǼϳħ𣬿ҲСܳɹĴۣȴҲǾ˵ġ
ڻݴ½ʱһںϣҲܣҲ֪򵽵ǸʲôɽҲֻһ̩λ߳½λѣ
뵽Ҷܵȼڷȼգһ󵨼ƻгͣҶʼհ಻ס
ʦܣʦϢһΪԪǡ֮ϣȿͼ
Ȼͣ½ŲҶһСһץһǼʵͼָ֣һǼʵͼϱ仯Ƭ̹ͼˣָһٶԵһ˶ԪǣȻ룬ɾǿУ
ʦ㣬ɽϵЩԪ֮е֣϶ɾΪҪСġ
һڱԵۣ޴ԪǣҶȾйɸоԪ֮У϶зǳĸ֣ԶʦǰΪҲУΣտ֪
ղҽһػʿԣ֮У֪ͨԪǵĴѾǰʱӡƴ󣬿һʦ㡢ʦйϵô죬ΪҪԽ˾ǿգܣֻǿй봫ͨԪǣ
ʦжǼʵͼһʱûа취ȥʮìܣƺ²ġ
ֽ˭Ҳ֪ʦӨӨһԪǣͶһϣڣӡرգǡ˵Ԫ·Ұ˾Ųʮ϶ʦӨӨʦֱӹϵָԪǿߣ׷ɱˡ
ʦ㣬ӲһԪǣͻ̤壬ϸѹ̫ðգҶȷ
һ֣ͼ㿴Ҷȣܼܲȣǲῴλʦã䡭
ʦһƣ
˹ϣҶ֪봫󣬿϶δԪǣͻᱻնɱҶȳʦ㣬ӵдռռҲԴԽռ䣬ңܽ򣬴ѣԪǲ룬Ϊ޷ʦ㣬ʦϣӦýԪǲ⣡
ң㱻Ԫǿ߷֣ԸǣҲףֻҪ˳ҵλʦ㣬Ϳͬ뿪Ԫǣ
ãµֻӿУʼɣ
һ𼱻ŵ˵ȻͻȻı䣬һסҶȽ֮У򾧱ϵ򽻻㴦
ʦ㣬죬עڣ
ʩչǧͼͼҶȹѡʹģͷϻðһ飬ʵҶʵ˵ԪǣǴﵽҲѴ̩֮λﵽλҲпܡ
֮԰ڳһѾΪԻʦҶȻʵһ޶ȡ
ȻҶֹһԭ
ᡭ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɻ䣬һɾ졢ǿᡢԽͨ쾳Եĸ߼עҶ֮С
ʵ룬ɶǴȲԣҲ˶٣ȫ֮УڹඥңҲڿʼһһ
ϧɴʦ̫򣬵ɾֻ֣аķݣ
Ҷ̷ӡʦɶΰȻ߶ǧͼͼ飬һץλ˲߶ˣֱӴӾϵɳûд߶ϵһĨǹ⣬ٷȥ
ʲôռ䷨棿
ǿڵˣһſǲֱΣֱǿ֮Уֱߣʲôλ籩ǿͳͳʲô
Ϊɶǿߣվŷ۷Ĵڣʲôûȴû뵽ҶȾȻӵֲռ䷨ֱǺзУңĦûκų⡣
ΪģǿռҲĦ򣬾һǿĦɱ⣬оκ춯ʵ档
ҶȣȴһҲݣΪʦ㣬ھʦǰҪȵġ
˵Ҫӡ
ʦ㣬עԪǾڷǽȥˣ
Ҷͷ󺹣ҡҡ׹ʱᵹһҧ֣ȻһжԻļ
һָ֮УڽԪǾϵһ˲䣬͵˫һ֣һָ֮˺ϵ˲ԪǣǵѿڣҲ˲ϣϵ˿Ҳû
ȻɾϢ
һԪ֮УͷӡƣҶȴֱأܿһƬɭ֮С
֮УĴһͻͻȻ£⣬ҶȻڴóһҩҶȳ£ƬɭûκθִڣʦܣϢƬ̣λʦϵ
ǣʦ㣡
µҩһɴλϢ崫ʵҶһҲûУֵõһλҩ֮ʵ߲٣ϲʦղǹͻףֻҪˣұһͻס
ԭ֮ǰҪעΪͻƶΪɶôǿ󣬶ҰޱȣҶ޷Ტ۵ġ
ãȻûжʦ䣬ʦþҷǧ֮⣬˿ʿƽһΣս֮УʦܣǿȥԮ
ǸͻȻվ˫˸һ⣬ҷһָҶ˵ʦãйԺλλǿߣ
ȥ˵
Ҷվߣʩչλǿƿֱоٿһ£ֱӽзԾҶ˾ͳһԶżǰ
żŷһĹͷɭɭϢһɹڤ֮ӹĹ֮ͷųĹǳ޴һɽΪķвʿϢݺᣬǹĹڣһλλǿԴ
ʦþڹĹ֮УĻλԺλǿߣλǿǺܶԿԪ֣ԺһԺϣûκϣңǲ֣侮ʯõģ
˫üһƺѹĹһ
ʦ㣬ȻԺǲϣͲǣңǻ԰ѻˮϣԸˣǳûӳȻȥҶʦ㣡
λλǿߣ
ҶͻȻ¶̰ЦݣܰѹԺλǿնɱҶʵ߶٣ԼҲ֪˵ͻɸ߽Ҳ⣬ֱͻͨ쾳Ҳпܡ
ƽʱҶҪɱλλǿߣʵʣڣǿ߶Ĺ֮УǸͰҶȶԸҲа취ȻҪðգȴҲֵá
Ⱥǿ֮УֻһλɾǿߣΪһףȻȶףȲңʦܣ˺ѿռ䣬Ĺ֮У
ͻȻͷһʥϢסҶȣȻ˫ֲϴһӡǰգʼûһץǿ˺ռ䡣
ǿ


294 Ĺ
ռ䣬Ҷ˵ֱǼҳ㷹ǣҶǿǧͼܴռ䣬δԴƿռ䣬д
ڣӲҶǰ˺ռ䣬оѲ˺һ㣬ҪҶϣҲҪˡ
ҶԺֻ֣𺳣иܵλǿ޵ͨǿʵ˺ѿռ䣬񷣬޿赲ʵҶΪ˵𺳡
Ҷǰһλˣ죬ƷκҪǰ
ٿ
˺ѿռ䣬һâ˲仮ʱա
ĹڲѹѹÿƵģɽڿգ޴ޱȣŰĹ֪꣬޴ɽʯֱ죬͸ʯ㣬Ĺ֮УԹĹ֮ȻûҶȴһӵ
еĴִһɣߴʮɣʸһ棬ʱ³ţһ롣
ֺʯϵһһڷ֮УϡܼһưܵĵһЩżĹһķĹǽĹˣùĹƺʲô湦

ż֣ңһ㾪ż󲿷ָǣڱԵһٶ޺档
Щ޺ϿŲͬͼڣƤ죬еĺڵ׻ңеһѪ죬еĻְ͸󲿷࣬һ֣һɶߣȻģһ֪ʿݻࡣ
Щʿ˫ͫƺһаѪ죬֮ͫĵͷţ󲿷ףʣµĶһЩʿƤиֹװΣʲôݣָһͷ­ǰ䡣
ǰЩʿͷϴͷ­ţǣֻŻѪ棬죬ľ
ЩʿеûȫѱΪģеƤǴ첻ۼֻëһ߳ɭɭˡ
ʦܣ⴦żѾǿ󷨷ӡʦԺλǿߣ֮У󷨣ܹ죬ŷʦʦüϹԺǿߣͻΧ
ֱһ״ִҶ£ҶʦУ͸Ҷ֮϶ż
ҶȴʦܿĹͱǿ߷壬ʿȴõ֮Уѹ
󷨲򵥣󷨣ŷʲôֲʿʩչ츳ͨȡʦܣпռ汦ҲҪСЩʦǱ֮УʦþȳֻҪӦʦðȫ뿪ߣ
Ϊɶ޵ǿߣͿĹܹ죬Ҳð˺ѿռǱҶȶȻ˿ʼմȻһƵģسżƮȥ
׸ı̬λǿߣڷԦѾﵽ뻯ĵز
˼ֳͨҶ̾磬Ȼ֮УȻ壬ѾǷֶΡ
һͿ£ɾǿͨ޵У׻Ϊ硢ꡢס磬ͨ쾳߽ҲֲˣҪɱˣֱ׾٣Ӱȥ١
ʦͨ޵Уȳʦ㲻ڻ£ûȥûлնɱԺλѧӡ
ᣬѵõĻᣬҶʵҪնɱɾǿߣܣôǧͼͼλǿĳռ֮Уɱ
ڣλλѧñӡҶĻᣬֻҪ󷨣󷨵ô£ҪնɱλλѧӣҲпܵģҶ˵κ󷨶޷סûеõڶݴǧͼͼ֮ǰҲڲõڶͼ飬ΪҲͻɾɼ󷨣Ҳ롣
˫һץǧͼͼ̰Χ壬Ҷ˲ռ䣬һ֮󣬾ʹż֮г֡
@@@
մӿռ߳ȴĲǲڶͳ಻ϵ󣬴ҶȶĤʱһʼҶҪҶԪ
ָогǧԴΧиͣң˿ʼԪ񣬿˽޷ƣһֵʶԪ𽥿Ԫ
ǿ˽þ˯󱻻
ͷ̫̰˴ڱƳγκ޷֮УˣӭǾ޴ѹҶȽ֮Уһȣһ̩ɽѹѹסҶȣ޷
ͷųԽͨ쾳ԿȻҲɾǿ߲ʩչľ
˵ɾΪͨͨ쾳ԲǿߣҲᱻѹ鼷
ڹǿ˫ѹȣֲܰʦλͷסңǲΪӪǽƣһ϶ᴥλʱô֪
һɨҶȴӲ֮У󷨣ǣеĽƾһ̣еһ֩еһҶι״صúԷһ¾Ҫ󲻶ϹɾǿߣҲܲס
ҶȲܶһǰҲܺˣҪһȻܴƣ󣬵ǣɾһѹҶĿǰʵͨ쾳ס߽׶Բλ
ֻҪһҶȷУ˵жôǿΪĴλǿҲҪסԭ
дǧͼڣڴ֮ɱ֮ǰƿߣԣֻҪ󷨾ͺãֻʹôǧͼ֮д󣡡
侲룬ٴͷŴǧͼ̰壬λͼҶȿ£ֱƿһռ䣬ֱɡ
ʦ֣ô죬ܲһֱӡϣȥ
ϱɣȥǧʱ䣬ͻ˻եɡ
Ŀռ֮ڣһλǿߣգͷ֮⣬΢˫ۣ
Ȼ˲Ժī̵ۣȻλѧݵĽһ˵ǹԺ߸ϵλѧӡ
ҷģһʮһƷе۷õˣԶס׶ڲ֮أ
˹ִһߣϣһΪĪ⣬󷨵ȷ죬취ݻ󷨣Ѿ۾󷨶֮ΪԴ룬סλ˼Ժλʦã϶ԽһһƷ
ʦ֣˵󣬵ǡµ壬õȴǡһл·šɾΪ屾츳ͨʵǸֻ·һ
һλ΢ӣֵ˵
ȷŴ˵õɽඥ޵һΪ󷨣ҲǶöɣλʦܣǷģһõǾ뿪Ͱѻˮ׸Ժ
ЦЦ¶ձԣҲǻãʦӨӨΪȴҺ£á֮ԨϱˣƣУֻҪõһͿٴȥ֮Ԩ˳ѻӨӨǼնɱ
ȥ֮Ԩ
ĸ֣λ꣬ŵֱ£ŷ֮Ԩǽ֮ء
ţ̫ˣҵڣͨλʦܣá̫󡯣ͨ룡
ͻȻվǵˣλǿɢλλǿΣʼһӡһ޴̫Ż֣һʱ֮䣬̫Ż֣Ҳ󷨡
䡭
ĽɣʼǵѹȶʱһֻȻһֻֻ޽£ӰӶ̫Żһ͹ǣ̫Ż˿ûбѹȥ
̫󡭡ǹԺɽλǿʩչ£ǿᣬ
ռʱ֮УҶѹԺǿʩչľͨû뵽λǿ֣ʵ
Ǵ̫ڿɱλǿ֮£Ȼǿ޵У̫ŻγһͨӶȥ
̫֮ѾǷֶΣں嫹磬֪ٲɱ֮Уֵ޵Уһܻ½
ҶȸоԺλλǿߣһʩչ̫󣬿˲ݴ½
ǿǸ϶ǳصģ󷨣ǿһڹǼˣ뵽õ϶ҪشۣȻˣҾ͵Ǳ֮ʣٳɱˣһͬߣ
ҲɶףʦΪ࣬϶סʦ㡭
뵽Ҳٵλʦ㣬׼һһγ֣һɹܶλǿʬ壬һԿΪҶȴ벻ĺô


295 ͨ
һ޴̫ͼͨϳ󷨽֮д󣬲ϴ߶ƣˮ͹̫ŻȻ˿ֻŻ֮Уλ꣬ѹȵͷ󺹡
ϡ
սĽ֮ϴ̫ǹԺ屦ֲõ󷨣Ҫ࣬λǿߣˣչ˫ۣ̫Żֱӳĺɶȥ
κֱ飬żûзκα仯̫Ҳܴż󷨸
żҲʮ£һһ㣬ƺֻ˺ϻǿʵſֱӹ룬һˣ϶УɶΪǿߡ
ʦ֡ȥǿ»ֱ
̫Żڣһλλǿߣ΢΢ɼжԿż󷨣Ե
ˡʦ֡ȥûж仯Ҳޣ˫۱â󷨷ͻƣ
ϣ
ʦһ£߲죬ֻ̫Żٶȴ֮Уͻͻͻغɶȥ
ҧסأͻ󷨣λʦ£ͨմﵽһƬڵĿռ䣬˸һĨ۹âŷһԲڷ⣬ռȦ֮УԴȪ
̤ռ䣬һɱѹǿʮӭѹȶ˶λǿߣܿ⣬һλλѧӵʦ֣ȻǼñɶĶѹһλλʿ
õҪ֮ð򣬾ڡ֮ԨõһȻںϣʮ֪꣡
ʦ̰ӹȦȻһ֣˳ʰΧΣȦٷȥ޲ðһѶߡ
󷨣ǿᣬֱ൱ּˣҺӵдǧͼͼ飬Ҳ޷ڲ
һͫһֱעԺλѧӶ
ޣҲǹԺǿߣΪҲɾһףһ񣬳ҪնɱǸޣл棬һλǿߣҪԸҲס
ҶȾڴǧͼͼ֮У֮ߣ󷨣޾ǿա
ĿɾǿֶΣҶڶλѧʵ˵ʮɾͨ쾳̫ԶһٸͨʮǿߣҲһλһǿ߶֣λǿߣǶǳɹ޵ɵϿɵĴڣÿһǶ
ǶҶǿУɾһΪӵеͨͺǰλǿ߲¡
λʦܣܴݻ󷨣ǻصԺ߲޺ôϹͣϵõǿͷռˣȻλѧӣڻָ߲㣬Ҫ¸ţ뿿Լܲ²ڽ£
Ҫ룬վͷһתһ֮УһԲȦ״̽ɫˮͰֱִһɣ˸ƣһһӵͨļƷ
ʦָʮ˵Ҳһڱصá
һ۱׻Ҫ߼һƷҲŵ֣֮۱£ϣرõҲ
ҶȾݴ½ˣҪҶҶҶԶЩͳͳô̫ҵ۹ʵ̩λκε۹
һȥվͷһ̽Բ֮У֪ȥ˺δǷ֮У޴Ӳ
ͷŵĴԣŹԺλ߸ϵλǿߣҲͬҶȡ
Ҫ֮гȥҸ޷ֻпλλǿߣǱ֮ʱڳ֡ڴ˹϶Ԥǰһʲôƣһǿ߿϶ܡ
գҶʱ׼ʱһҪץס򣬱󷨻ҲҪˡ
ҶͻȻϢһɱ¾֮ʼˣƶԸʦ㣬Ҫݺʦ㣬ɱǣʦһܸˣҹԺУҲûʲôӡˣɱ˾ɱˡ
ʱ룬ʦλ꣬ǰΰǵȴЩơ
ʦ֣Ҫ֮гȥ϶󷨷ˣ̫ðգԴ̫Ҳо޴Σգ
ʦܣʦ˵Ķԣǰߣ񲻱ƺӵʵϡ٣룬ǵõٲô̫Ϊۣ޾ԪΪǷҡֱϣڽǧͻƶײ⣬һͻףûܣ
λʦܣ˼ǧͬʱ̤ɾɾһǧ꣬ȴһֱûͻƶ׻Եξͻƶˣһͻƶףλʦܣú룬Ǿ߲ܽ㣬Ӵ£ΪģлѧԺĿռͻ׾пܣ
λλѧӣһ̣ìţھľͷأʦһֱ׼֡
Ȼλʦõʦܾ»ȪҲԹԣɣô̫󣬵󷨷ɣ
λǿߣ¶ģ˿ʼһӡһ̫Żˣ˱С
ȡ
ʦ˫һϣ̫Ż֮Уһֱֻ֣ӳ˲ǰף룬ſָץȡ
ˡ
ץסһ̣ʼʵ𶯣ÿһ£̫Ż֮ˣҲ֮һ£ڴġ
סȫͷע̫Ż֮Уֻ֣˸âץסҪקûбϳֻ֣Ǿ𶯣תٶȿʼӿ졣
ڼʧȻУͻᱻɡ
ֻֻ֮ûаקֲ£λλǿš
ãһʵʦ㣬ɣ˼һҲֻʦ㲻£Ӳ࣡
Ҷ겻ѣ־ϲλǿ֣ȻûȡǵòʧϵˣҶ˵ǸϢԽնɱ˾Խаա
׻˵úãձ󣬾ʮʮҹ֮λǿߣֲ£̫֮ŻԽ
Ժǿߣûзһֱ̫Ż֮УۿǰȻװ׷
ٿ
˫ֲ֮ʣͻȻǾ޴зתһɴռӿУ߶Уٱһ̫žѣſڣͿʼʳز񷡣
Ȼ壬׵õģ֮УǶʩչͨоͨδ
䣬Ҳʼ仯еӿ룬֮Уľ޴ѹԺλλǿߣȥ
λʦܣһٺȥǲϣ
ʦִһ˫ָʳָͬʱչָһͬʱλҲָ˺עֻ֡
ͻͻͻ
ȫɱ£ڷֱ仯ֻ֣ץסȻһȻ󻺻֮зɳ
棬ȥ̫Ŵʩչͨǻ£ɽӣǬ񷡣
û뵽Ǻô㣬ĥĥǵõһ̣ٳ֣
ҶЩͳûȫɳУʵʮǿᣬٴξȥżҶһһԼ
գ˭ҲԤһӣᷢʲôóȻֻ֣Σա
ʦʦ֣ǾҪɹˣ
̫Ż֮УҪקУ˶λλǿߣκλׯϣջ£Ǹӣ¶Цݡ
ߣ⼸Ժλѧӣڵǣû뵽ܵ㣬ùԺʧλλѧӣ֪ᱻʲôλʵʵ뱾аɣ
ͻȻһԵֿЦףôھҡΣ
ʲô
λǿߣһͱƺ֪һᷢʲôֵؿʼק뿪С
Уѵ󷨵룬ȻǶĸУ
ҶҲޱȣһ󣬾Ȼͨһλǿ߶ǸʲôͨٲǷֶΣΨһԽͣǶ츳ͨ
ڣҶΪʲôһ仰ŵùԺλǿߣһŵֱ¡


296 Ǳʤ
ΪɾףΪԭڹԺλѧ֮ϣ֣Ҳ޷Կ
ߣΪҲ壬ʵ³ԽɶףֱףֶǿߣпҲǶ֣츳ͨ޵С
Ǵ˵е棬û˼ִ˵˵Ը߼λɽ˵ͷ֮ڶ˵̫ࡣ
ҺøղûóȻ֣û뵽󷨣ȻлҪֲһ޴壬ңûԺǿߣʦͱѹǴʦҲҪһս
ϢǶ󣬿¶ᶾɵ
»ƻһĻ
һĿĳҶͻȻħֱɻˣһĻƤë
ͣĻᣡ
̫Ż֮Уʦ鶼ѣУ󣬾żش
ʦ֣Ŷо綾Ҫ汻븹У㲻ɣҲҪ
ʣλ꣬ͱȫٺȥֱ뿪󷨣Ҳףھ뿪󷨣Ҳס
ߣھʹ߶ͨǣõ
֮УͻȻŭ֮֮֮УӿһѪɫһӿϣٴӿֱӳλλǿγһŴ죬˻ƶ
Ѫɫ͸󷨺϶Ϊһ޿ɵֵŵλǿ߼æʦ֣ʦ֣أô죿
ʦüͷһ壬ѪڳԼһҧͻȻ۾һᣬ¶ڨڨЦݣô죿
䣡
ʦЦһǿƣˮӿֱӰ̫Ż֮к˳ȥ֮ʦٴα̫ŻȻżѪɫȥλʦܣкɫ
͡
ѪɫǴڣλ˼顢Թǿߣ羨Ϻһ㣬УȻݵһ֮С
ԳúݵģöֶΣҲŹ㣡
Ѫɫ֮У̣һŭʹࡢŭ˺ѷΣ˸γϣ֮УұըײҲ΢΢
ˡֶζôģ
ҶȣһĻҲΪ𺳣ͬʦ֣ò̤λȻͷ໥ɱɼģµĴڡ
ӿͷڣʵԳһ̰̰ģλλǿߣҲ³ǿֲַл뿪Գȴѡ֣ͬԵõ
Ҷ侲Ȼûж֣ԳʵȥնɱһʧܣǾҪܵԳ˫عףҪȴȴʱ
ˣҡ
ţһը𶯡
ԳһЦ鷳Ҳã붾Ϊȡʱ䣬
ֶΣҲӲˣͬ鵱̤ʯߣļһŹ㣡
ԳЦС֮ʣͻȻִ֮Цţһ̣ͳͳ롣
ˣϧ󣬾Ȼȥ
ԳȻһ𣬿ֹͣ仯һ󷨶ֹȻһݣʼС
Уܰװõֱ֮õҾϣͻƶףΪԺ߸ϵĸ߲ģ
Գ޷ֿ󷨣һͬ룬ڴͷǿʢٶȽ󷨷룬ȫһǿӲק˹
ʱֹһ룬ԳʹģϢϼ̫ŻҲʼ͸ʱʧؼָֻڴֹͣƾԳôʩչͨҲ޶ԡ
һ̩ɽ˿ԳȻģ̰ʹһߡ
ᡭԳҪĸɾ̫̰עҪ
һ̣Ҷȸоˣʱڳ죬ĿǰԳ״̬ϷϱĥǸҪեɣڣСֶ롣
ԳûЩٲߣûᣬһ룬ôľҶɱ
ԣαթΥǫʵЩÿ˶еģα£ڰչ¶
͡
ڣԳĴֻ֣޴ɣһͬǿԳ̫Ż˲䱻飬Գ㲻Ҫܣӳ̫Уʱ³һѪ
ɶ񡭡
Գĵؿ󷨲ϱ룬ʹ飬ڣҪλ󷨡
и
󷨾Ҫʧһ̣ԳȻʹһž޴ͨ˫һ֣һطɵףȻֱӰиһӣףиǿиһѷ죬Ȼ𽥱
ֶΣλǿߣյĿռ𣿡
һ̣ҶȶԳһһۼ֤ʱ̣ԳȻʩչͨ쾳ʿƥеи󷨣ʩչ֮ͨԳﵽ״̬ץסᣬʩչȫѷȥ
ûᣡ
ԳԽѷһ̣Ҷȹϳ֣һӣһ޵λֱӰѸոҪɳ󷨣ﵽ״̬Գ룬ȻΪһԭ㣬ʧ
ŶǿߣȻܶۡҺñķʱջأ򣡡
һͬʧڷż֮Уܿ챻񣬴֮У¶һаͫտʲôǣҲôҲ޷׽
и
һƯ֪ںδʱ֮УڰһƬԳͷӬһײȴڣôҲɲȥʩչɾǿ߲еĿռսиǣôиԭز
ѵǶУ
һιʧܣԳܲ鿴ͷ⣬ȻվͷʲôƬռıԵңо˿ԪֻءǼϢŷãã
ԳֲţһĶռ䣬ңֲϢǺһ˲ʩչиҲһиȥΪ£޷
ʥǹ
һ貵ʥǹӺڰ֮УͻȻƶޱȣ޼᲻ݣ֮ٶԳһɱ
ܾһƣ
Գ͵ת¶һ˿ţ־壬ǹʥǹӲ֮еٵŭһʩչȫŵâӿڿлΪһ̫磬ʥǹӭȥ

䣡
ʥǹ̫˲ײһ𣬼ʮɳĹʥǹض̫磬Ǻܿͱŵâ֧飬ʥ񷡣
ţһһΣʥ̫٣ֱӶԳɱ
ⲻôԻҪٱ

ԳλڹĹ֮Уĥһֻʣ΢һۿĲһ亹ֱðŵؼһǧ׾޴ĵǶʯи󷨣ȻмС
λǿߣǿ󣡡
Ҷȴ߳Գ֮У߶Կѵһͱ÷飬ʱ֮УĿ档
ǶԸ˵ʲôȻ㱾𣿡
Գõ֮ƺЩʲôʮֲǰ㾪š
û뵽ǰ֮λλȫޣҲͨ쾳ܿģ
ԳȻţҾ֪ʲô
ҶҲһ˿ѪղżιɾֱѹȣܵӰ죬С£ҶȻһץǧɵдֱӴս٣޴Գѹȥ
찡
Գ˲ʧȥֿ֮һ۾ͿҶ˵޷⣬סĽǿߣҲܡ
䡭
͵ڵ֮ϣһѵ˲ݻ٣Ҷȴһץ̰ѵȫ룬ⶼʯţԳʬƮ˳ҶȴϲֱӰʬ


297 ֮Ԩ
ϧǼջ޷ȡѾ˷ӡΪһ壬Ϊﵽͨ쾳пǿȡ
ʱ֮УҶȰѵȫ룬Ȼ̾̾ɫѪĨֱһ֣˾ͳھ޴Ĺ֮⡣
޴Ĺ֪Ӻη֣ӿĹ֮УһĻҶһתһƽԭ֮С
ʦȻ˳Ӫȳʦ㣬ȥ֮ԨҸطǾȳʦһϣ
óƣ̴ԣԭ֪ʦȳʦ֮ҶȻϣ֪ҶʧȥӰһʱҲҶȣֵĶʦӨӨڽ֮ԨֻܴиȥӪȡ
ܰѶʦסĵط֮Ԩ϶쳣գȻˣһָƣȥһ
ʦӨӨʦ޵ǿߣΪﵽһ۷壬ʲôԳЩǿʮ漶ľͷڽ֮ԨɼжôΣգҶ˵κοռ䣬κ󷨣˵һҲûУôǧͼͼȥ硣
󣡡
˲䱬ʯɽǶ֮У˲䲼öɣҶȷ룬߶ԪԪӿʿͳͳӿ󣬱Ҷ븹С
̫뿪ʼȼգȼգܴ£Ϊ̫Ҷĵٻָ
㡢˭˭ңҳΪūԶЧ㣡
һ˿ӡӼһҶȴץ˳ǹԺ߸ϵλѧӣԳ
ԳһͱҶȷӡߣڵԳ͵һӵλķ˶ѡ
㻰̫ˣӴˣ˯ȥɣ
ǿ̫˲Գ壬ֱиҶ̰ѽ򣬸ץ˳ȻҶõԪ
𵤡Գʬ壬һ֮УȻ֮УʼԳǿԪ
ɫסԪȻ΢΢ƺƿնҶһЦλԪʣһ˿˿ʶѣҾͿԳλλ߼ڵѧܻ֮Щʲôϡ
ԪǲʵҶȵ٣ʥͻͻͻעԪ֮УͬʱҶԼԪʼɣһʱ֮䣬ڹԺѶϢҶԺ֮˾ȣҶԪǿֻ΢΢һɨȫס
ԺԺͬһʱ̩λ浮ԺȻǺͬ˹ϵ˽Ƹ½ѧʢͿԿԺȻһ㣬λǿ߲ԳֻһѣǸո̤ɾһλͨλѧӡ
λѧޣΪһ۷壬һλ¹ŵӣøޣֲ˲ԭΪҪΪѷ𣬾ͱҽնɱʲô£ҲŲ£ʵҲޱλȥ
޴ˣǾ޴вһնɱл˺ܻɿң˵ʱɡҦЩ˺ԸңһޣһǶɣ
ԳԪ֮УƬʱ䣬ҶȾͰյ߰˰ˣԳ֪£Ҷȶ֪ɭɭһЦҶֱſڰԪ룬Ȼ˫ֿʼϽӡطӡϴ̫󣡡
ȻҶõľǴ̫󣬹Ժ̩֮λϹŴ
˫ֲϽӡһʥ̫ŻʼҶ֣ʮɾ޴̫Ż״̬ںϣϷ룬ַֺϺϣݣõĵ
ҶĴ̫󣬻ֻǺܴǳһ֣ڹԺֻͻɾλѧӣʸ̫󣬱ԳѧľǴ̫һ֣Ҫѧ󷨾裬ҪͻƵסĽϡ
ΪһѧԺȻգҶ˵ֻҪô̫ԭ󷨽ӡʽҪܣͻݳ̫Դǿ
̫ʮָӣҶֻѧλӸŵĻ󷨣ҪڻͨҲҪʱ䡣
̩λ󷨣ɹأõ󷨣ںǬߵȵȣµ󷨣
Ͻӡͬʱָܿʱ䣬ҶȾȫմֶ̫һֶͨΡ
ΪλѧӣԳ䷨Ӧò٣Ȼصݴ½ٺúò鿴
ڣӡҶѾմ̫󣬾켸ҹͣϢָҶѾﵽ۷״̬
Գ֮ԨӦþǸ򡭡
Ӿ߳˲ʧҶȿҷԪǾͷĳʱգһµĿռ䣬֮Ԩ
֮Ԩԭ̩λ棬̩Ǹʱ߸ʱѾڣɾǿ֮Ԩᱦû֪֮Ԩֻ֪֮Ԩ̩λ棬޵ɾ߽׵ǿߣ²⣬֮ԨϹŴɵϹŴ䣬֮ԨҲ½硣
ңλʬ壬Ҳ֮ԨϱϽ֮Ԩɽ磬һһκʶɽõһɱ
Ǹ񻰣ҲһأǿᱦֶǿԨ
֮Ԩɽ罵ٵĿռ䣬ǾӵдǧͼҲһٷְٰȫ
˼һҶ侲֮Ԩ̩λ֮һޱȣڶ࣬ҲΣأģҶͻȻüЦɽ磬ɽǿߣڣһڽ֮Ԩòٱ
̴߶Ԫһͳȥ
ʮƬռȻΪ֮һ𣬿ʼƣһǿħγɵľ޴ħ֣˺ռѷ죬ɫۣħ˼䡣
ϴ󡭡ڱչأȡڴͻƣָΪţϴôôƫԶ򣿡
ħڽ٣κ˼ҪŸҶȣèֺǺȵشǰ
ҶȿܲףҲ֪ħ𣬾ȻǸƤҵʵ֮Ԩ
֮Ԩûʲôط
ħնɴشңңͷһɻʮڴ棬ʮַḻ
ǴɽĿռ䣬ĳλɵ̩λѾ꣬ٶλǿУǾߴʬ壬ҲУδУܲܵõʬ壬ã֮ܰԨ֮һһ½ΪһҪ֮Ԩ
˵֮䣬Ҷ˷ܣ뷨ʵ֣ôݴ½ΪǾ׶ˡ
ħЦ쳣ĦȭƵ˵Ҫȥȱٸ߼һ˵һָٷ֮һʵϣˣ
ڿʼƣ͸ңдҪɣҪȻҲֻܸ㶨
һҶȺȻħ¶һĿ⡣
ϴ¾ǳƵ£ߣȻʵȫʢʱǧ֮һ½֮УʲôɾһɱһˣҲҪɣձҿħϴͷſɣһ鷳һ˽ɽ磬Ҳͱ
ţͷǿħħмһЦ£˭һ޵ǡ
ħ𣡡
Ȼħ˵ЦƣȷʵҶȸܵ޵УҲɾ߽ףңħϹŴѹȻûɱóħɱҲɱͷ
ҶҲ֪ħ𵽵ʲô϶ͬѰ򣬻һˣҲᱻϹ޵дѡѹѡɱ󻼣һֻ˵һ㣬Ǿǳħӵв֮
ϴѾ˵Ľ֮ԨȷǸ߼ռ䣬ҷǳ󣬿һڲȷǲ˵Ҫۿܿ϶
ħħͫħףƬ֮ƺԪǿһ־壬¶ɭɭЦݣ֪ڸЩʲô
ҶȵħֶΣҲ޷˲䲶׽֮ԨΪռ䣬ȻԪںϣǸ߼ռ䣬ҶΪֻģӦڣһλǿߣҲȲҶȸ֪
һʥ֣Ҷħƿնȥ
Ԫ·ϵ⣬ճһݰ翿ռ䣬ֻԪǰٷ֮һ󣬲ȴԶԶԪǡ
Ԫһ֮УһȻѷ죬ǡӸ߼ռԪǣѷһңһ޴󷨰ңһƺͨ񷡣
Ǵһ˸ֻվԪ֮⣬޾֮УܿԼԼǶʱͨ
Ŷƣһ޵ɾĽ׵СĽף½֮У޵
ϴСΪ壬Ͱˣ㿴󷨣ͨ߼λ棬̩λҪһʱյĴڣ
ԪǾϵ֮УҶħλֱ֮ԪǾϵ·Ǹ߼ʱա


298 ɵ
Ƭ߼λɽͨȻˣһɹɽ϶̩λ棡
˵޹ؽҪɽԸԺ׽̣λʦ֮Ԩȥ֮Ԩ̽һٰ̽Ǿߣȥ֮Ԩ
˳ųħָҶҲͨͨ͸Ҫ̩λ߳һǰԵ
һۼͨҶȻЩģȻһЦĻͨ϶һɾǿܽģӴɽ϶Ҫ̩λ棬Ժ׵壬Ȼ׽̡̩ӡЩ
ʱ̩λսȺԣһʱҶٰ𣬰ɽĸ֣ͳͳնɱӴ̩λʧ̫λ浮
ֻһˣҶȡ
ϴ˵׽̣Ǹʲôܲһ㣡
֮Уϳ·Ǹ߼ռ䴩ȥħҶǷûл
ʵҲ֪һλƵзѵ˸ҵģ׽̣ɽλʵһɳʿ½磬ʼ̣ɢ壬ͳһƺҪͳһ½磬ǸʿһһΣȷʵǸˣ
λʥ֮УԳħʣҶһһ𣬺̩˽⵽ѶϢͳͳ߳ħ
Ҫ̩λħҶȶ䣬޵ǿߣúãǾ͵һ޵ն
ħǸͷҲǼòãܾˣúãҶ˵ǳɹϣħǾħͷһҪػıҪҶȣ׾١
뾡취ҶأȻһҲ˵ħͷʲôܶзֻкúãܺס
ʿǺǣû뵽ôȥʿڣǸʱҲдʿȴɵа̣һһɱҸȼ½磡
½ж󣬲ɽλС½磬ǳ˵Σɳ½磬϶Ϲɵ־ǱҪǼŭɽλ棬ҲҪַ죡
׽̣лҪȥɽλʶʶ󣡡
һʮ㣬ѿڶħҶ֣ọ̈̄ǿʤս˫Ŀ֮ͷţǵۣҲ֪ʲôط
Ҷ󣬲Բӳħһе֪ڽɽλкܳʷΪɵݣ׽ȴɽ㣬֪׽̿϶жԿɵʱ
׽̻ɳʿ½磬ͳһ½磬涼˵׽ǸΪص֯
߼ռ侧ϵǲһȥ
Ԫ֮ԨҶȼԪ֮ͨԨѿڣвǿϢݷд󲿷ֶϢǿҲֻռһ֣ħλΪɾĽ׵޵оͷҶȲδӦ
ɾĽףΪʵ̫ߣȴʦҪ̫߳࣬ҶӵΪ޷Ӧּǿߴڡ
ЩʿӦö֮Ԩᱦġ
һиƿϵ̶ҶȺܲܣħ޷ӦҶǿ˺֮Ԩϵʮ־ȣֻ˲ɾ
ɽֱ֣˺λ棬̩λ档
ֻгħ˾ͷ׾ǧ䡢̩ӣҲʮֲס
ȻɽϢ
ϵҶǿ˺һɾ޴ͬʱȥʱһɱ̩λ߳ʮֹĸ߼ֱӺѹħȿգȷɽ罵ٵһռ䣬Ϣɽλ֮УӦͼλռ䡣
ҶһôԣκҪ
ϧռ䣬½縯̫ʱ䣬Ͻ½֮ʱͼ߼λͬʱѹѾģʣЩɽֻһλˣʮУ˵һȫɡ
ħͷë˫ͫʱգϷռΪ㣬ϲӦɱ漸㣬Ҳвٱûñȣ
Ŷ
Ҷͷ⣬·ϷȻһ󷨰Ŀռ䣬ѽ֮ԨΪռ䣬ǣĲҶȾ޷˵㣬ңƺδ˽ĲЩɶƺи
һ㡢㣬ȫ򿪣ҲЩʱûб㣬벿ûбҲвڸ֮ԨȷǷΪ㣬ֱ
󣬽֮ԨȻֲôɾǿ
ʦ㡢ʦϢڵڶ㣬ʦڵڶ㣬ԴʦΪڵڶӦûжΣգ
ͷӦһͨȻ˾ħ𣺡֮ԨģҪЩ½һ̱ã㿴ܲ취ѽ֮Ԩߣ
ħͷϴҪ½ΪңϣǺãһѴ⣬Ȼ֮Ԩ֮У½һ̣ŲҵҪôССռ䣬ǿԵģ
Ǻãȥ㿴ʲôϲ
ҶȲٳɣħ𳯽֮Ԩߴȥ
֮Ԩߴʱգһ綼ʱҪңɴѹɾǿ߸ԵԶʦӨӨΪֻȥһ㡢ڶ㡣
ħϹħ𣬱Ҷȣһ·񣬰κθ߼˲ɣͷųħҪȽ֮Ԩ߳Ҫ߳ðѽ֮Ԩ߳ѹ
ҪûгħҶҪ㣬ܣôǧͼ֮Ԩɾǿᱦմڣʲôͨ쾳ɾʲôΪһһһȺһȺǵ־ǿ̤һ㣬ҪϷҲǲܵġ
Ҷȸܵ߼ѹħҪһ꣬Ҫʮ꣬ҶҪ֮ԨҲҪʱ䣬Ϊ࣬ħϹħɣһռ䣬׾١
뵽ħҪҪƮǣҲֻʮ£ϾƮǱȽ֮Ԩ򱶣ʱȻҪܳԳħҲöá
󷨣֮ԨˣҲһλˣˣǵ󣡡
֮Ԩ߲㼸ƽⶥ֮ϣһħųħҶ콵٣ǰһ޴ռ䣬濴Ǹݣ˾Ө·һ·ʥϢ
кָӡӡƺڷӡѹֽƺ֮һطھӨ֮С
һݣ˸оһ̤УԶ֮Ԩ㣬ʷֻҶħ
һϹŴ󷨣ϴһͻᱬɱ¾֮һʶҪݻ٣Ҫҵˣ뿪꼰أ
ħ׼Ҫ֣֮ǰҶһҶȻҪǰѴʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦɱǻȥô˵ԺزȥҲ׷ŹԼ
ȵźţ
ʩչǧͼҶƿʧʣ³ħ۷֮УһԴԴ븹С
֮Ԩڶ㡣
ȻڶǧٿףеȻڣʦȻУ󣬱סʦ㡢ʦҲ棡
ֻҪѶʦŲȥԴʦΪ϶ƽʦ뿪
˲Ϣ֮䣬һӰֱƿսڶ㡣
Ҷ̤ڶ㣬ͷֲֿ֮λ֣֮ԨѹҶѹҶȵĳ֣ıƽ⣬һֱ֮ӳҶȺ
䣡
ͺ嫵һƬ޷磬Ϊһֻ֣صҶȺ֮ϣ޴ը
Ҷȸо屻ľ޸оűը˦ǧԶǡ챻飬ҺãΪ۵۱ǿᵲס󲿷Ҷڿ²ҲҪˡ
۱Ȼ赲󲿷ľ޴͸۱ףҶľһ㣬Ҫݻ١
ÿ£ǽ۱ףھվ󣬻ǵôǧͼͼһΣ¾ûôˣ
͸оλǿߣֱӶԼ֣ΰ£ҶȸоԼ̫С̫С
ȻλǿɱҶȣȴɾ޴˺


299 ӨӨ
۱׳һȻ⻪һ˳ɫ˿񣬶Ŀҫۡ
ۿ֮Ԩ޴ѹɽһѹҶһαʩչǧͼͼȫʧڽ֮Ԩǿսƽ㡣
Ȼ͡ţмɾʬ壬ϧ;󷨴ݻ٣ʣ²֫
ôǧͼڽ֮Ԩ죬;мڲͬ󷨿ռڣƯŲʬ壬޵ɾʵǿʿϧʬѾ󷨴ݻ٣ʬԣҲһʯȵȡ
һЩʵҩҲЩƯʮǴʦΪסҲǳס
֮Ԩ̫ɽĳͼλ棬һƬҲϹŴϧӸ߼λ浽½λУĴ󲿷֣ɾʿ޷С
˵ǧ֣ÿһ󻷻ۣڵݻͬ󷨣֮Ԩȷʵɾʿ˵һƬأлõıռĸ߼ȴ޼֮
Ϊδɾʿ֮Ԩԭ
Ҷȴ֮䣬ʱǿߣҲ֮УѰұЩλǿߣԺǿߣҲҶȺ£ЩˣȫҪųħ֮ԨȫҪնɱ
ͳͳźãЩʬ壬ͳͳΪлʯ
Ҷͫ˸⣬õԳӵɵʬ֮ҶȾͶλʬ壬
ǴʦϢ
ڶĳ֮Уոս룬ҶȾиоϤϢͻͻ󣬼֮УʦһλݵİŮӣѰҡ
λӦþʦ㣡
ĿһŲâڰŮϣŮò崿Ƥֳһɽ֮лߣŮӣʦ
ʦ㣬ӦþƬΧĳʱ
ҵʦʦ㣬֤ʦӨӨΧ󴦴翣Ī⣬ҪҵһˣҲʮףӲСģͻ֮С
ʩչ⣬Ϊһʥ⣬ʼΧɢȥ׽ʦӨӨڣ޴ѹ£ҶԪܵвʱʩչԪϣܿԪϾͱĨɱ
ǧһȻԾϢͷž޴һ΢΢ϤĹâ
ŶӦþǶʦûҵ
ʩչ˲䳯ȥ
޾һɫ֮УϹⲻϷһλŮŮӣʩչӡһ׷Ϲ⡣
Ůĸϸ£Ƥ覣ۺС죬ݰƱǣ֮зУһӣӶ׽Ϲ⡣
Ϲ⣬ȻɽԼֻһ߳ɫɽΡȽһģһ޷ֱͷŶĿϹ⣬ɫɽͷǿʥϢһǲ
ɫɽƺŮ׽ԲأƾŮ뾡취޷ץɽٶ֮죬ƾ۸޷׽
ڰŮƬʦ㣬ʮΣգƬͿҪ飬󲿷󷨲֪ʲôɣʣ²ȱȫ󷨣һ飬ǰκʣҪ飬Ʒʷǳߵʿ϶ᱻɱ
һ㱻ƻڲ֮󣬾ͻ緿ݣ⵽ƻʱ紵ɹҲһ
ʮΣգ֪ʲôʱڰŮһõɫɽκΣ֮⣬ֱΪɽ
ǶʦӨӨû뵽ʦ޽ֲõɫɽȷǳʦõ϶绢
Ҷҵʦ㣬վڴǧͼ֮УҶĿŮӣҪǰ
ӣҪҪֻ֣Ҫ㽻ྫһж˵ƬռҪһˣסɽ
ͻȻһλۡһͷˣӲƲȫһɫǣವһ·ɳ¶Цݣ˫ͫޱȡ
һ֣
ҪҶȣͻȻǿ֣߳ϢӶԷϢ֮У˲俴һλǿߣңһͷϢҲһǿߡ
ŶԳ֮УԴӡ󣬲ԱһӦþǡһλ߸ϵɶףŻߡԪӢ֮һ롮ͼ򣡡
ɨģϢΪһЩȻӼӿֹڴ˼䣬Ҷ͵һû뵽֮ԨǿߣŴնɱһλǿߣһΪͨء
һЩǿߣΪͺܸߣ츳ͨ綾ʩչ츳ֻͨһͨͰһǿ߸ɡ
ʣǰ붾ĳҲӵпֲ츳ͨǴʦ㣬϶ҲǶ֡
ӣǺαأΪѵõֻҪѡྫңҾͰշྫ˵ô
Ͷ㾡֮Ȼ壬ʮ־ˣңϢƺһͬȥһɷǣƯ֮Уκǿ档
֮ԨȻ򣬵ǿƿصģ˭Խᱦǿߣڶף㣬Ҳ¡
ӨӨʱɫɽۿɽһ֮УӨӨԳྫɽ֮˵绢㣬һǿߣΪһѳྫ𣿡
㻹ûףѾ㲻ٻᣬֹԺλѧӶ¶֣Ȼ飬ߣǾͱҳ֣ѹ
ʮ㣬֮ųƱȱˣɣ
ôҲһȻھᱡӨӨŭȵһץһѩɽչ¶
ݣ
ӨӨɽһ˲䣬ʹ߶ɽɽವһ񳯳

˭˿ûд⣬ѻӨӨһ㣬һһ컭ꪺȻɽײһ𣬳һӣһɳķ컭ꪣʦΪû뵽ΪҲȻΪһףȴײ£
ʦиԪӢҲǶ֣ߣΪʦŵӣĨɱʦ
ӨӨץɽһ΢΢·磬ͻȻ˫ֺʮ鿪ʼ࣬ͷׯϲµʥϢ
üͷһ壬ĿڻӨӨ˫ֲϴķӡ֮ϣһ׹⿪ʼ˸ȻһţѵԺġ׾
ǱԺߵ֮һ׾ȻΪһף׾ǱԺԺҪСˣ
ӨӨ˫ֻڲϴһӡ֮Уһǧ׹⣬ʼ֮УƼڻӨӨϿգﷶΧ׹磬ܡ
òʩչ⴦󣬱Ҫ飬ܲס׾ʱܻɱ
ڳϣһĨģ춼磬֪ӨӨһֹжôˣңڿʼ𵴣ҡҡ׹Ҫ׾Ľ٣ͲǼ衣
Ǳɣʵ߳Ƭɱ㣬Ҳʦûаװң׾ţ
ӨӨһϣԼҲ˳Ȱ˵˫֮£˲ֿ
ӣҪ£
ӨӨͷŷӡ֪Ѿ޷ֹΪһɫӰǾӰĳë׾ޣವһֱƿߣһ
ˣ
ӨӨƺû뵽ȻẦߣҪֹ׽٣Ѿ̫٣ʦ㣬籩꣬޹ġ𲨡澰׷׳֣Ϊص磬˲̤
󣬶ڲΧЩգҲڱֹ
ʦ㣬ģʦյľʦܣ
ͻȻ罵һ̣ʱһֱͻȻһ§סֵĻӨӨϸֱʥ֮С
ӨӨû뵽һӦǿУ׼ʩչȴҶóѧƣûӨӨֹͣ֡
ʦܣʦǰ˵
˴ճֵҶȣӨӨԺȷйҶѶϢԱȷϣ֤Ҷ˵һжʵģޱȣһŵ½ѧӣȻӵ˰㾪ֶΡ
뵱꣬ӨӨʱͨͽףÿҶʩչֶΣȫԽĸ߶ȡ
ߣ
Ҷȿǻ׹ڱʩչǧͼӨӨ˲䴩ռ䣬գ֮䣬뿪֮Ǽ֮Уص򣬿ûӨӨĿɿڴһΪҲûôʱǼʡ
¡
֮ڶ㣬ҶӨӨ뿪Ƭ󣬺ܿ׹֧顣
ɶ񡭡ྫǿͻϣû뵽ڵڶ㣡
ը֮УһɫӰǳ󱻻ʧҡҡͷϧӨӨ֮С


300 칭
Ԫǣ֮ͨԨ治Զһ֮С
ͻȻһ쫷ͻأ籩֮гһʥ⣬ҶȱŻӨӨʥ߳ȻһȻֹ
ǾȻˣ
ӨӨ־ϲڽ֮ԨӨӨڵȴʦȣΣ֮УҲ޷ʧû뵽ǱʦȣΪĴʦ㣬Ǹŵ½ѧӡ
ڣӨӨδɢļº£ţ뿪֮ԨҶȣֻҶʲô
ʦ㣬֪ͨʦʦǳ֮Ԩ󶼻ᱻʲôɶססĽ׶ҪУ
ˣʦ㣬ǧҪߴʦǣ˵ģҸɣȥͿԣһᾡǻϵģ
ҶͻȻҲܻӨӨκѿڶͻȻһץɫâգʦ㣬˳õɽ㽵ˣݱ𡭡
ɫǿɽҶƿնȥ
ὣ
ӨӨһץɫɽʵʵУǰ񷴿ױҶ
ȻǺһƷнӽõ˽ҾͻƶףﵽʦǰΪ
˲ὣ봢䣬ӨӨתҶʧ̾ʦܣҶȡʦǷ飡
֮ԨΪصĵ㡣
ϴǷ㣬пӢ۾
֮̾䣬󾫻֮Ԩĳħ𣬼ǰճʥ⣬ûҶȳ֣ѿڴЦ
ʲôӢ۾ͬʦãòȣڱ뿿ԺͷȲѣԺַ
ʥ߳ҶȱħɭɭЦݣһһէҲûһ䣬ת󣺡֮ԨЩеλʿʬ壬һҪռǿǽͻƵĴƷ
Ǻã֮УǾϹŴʬ壬͹ңϴΪɲѾߣϴ󣡡
ħͻȻվҶߣüǵֳˣħ⼤˺һӣҶȲ룬˽֮ӣ˲ϣȻ
ھɫǲ࣬ڶͬҪ߼࣬һ󻷻ۣռ䣬ຣ¥һĻ󣬿ȥξʵǼ㣬ǻ˲ʧԶס
󷨣ħƿأ󷨶ȻκвֱӺһ󷨣ȥ
ÿһÿһռ䣬ħѰ߼е븹УħͣħƣֶΣ˭档
ôһϹĹ
У֮ԨΪأΪʱӳһƯյ½أӦһ԰
԰ȫһ޴ɽ߼½ؽɣܴСֱֻ½κﶼήΪ㣬԰½ϿգƯһ̨ڷһ߾ס
ǿϧڽ½緢ĦͲʧ½ЩɽǶԵı
ħһ̾ϢһҶֱӳ̨ȥ̨֮ʱҶħһ⣬Ϊɶ׹׸Ǳ򿪣ΧɢŸƷʯȵȣһ򶷡
ϴҺþߴʬ廹ڣ֣κ֮δʧ
ȲһħЦٻҶһԭڹȻһʬ壬ңû˿绪ʮֲ˼飬ʬƤʮϸۣܿ΢΢ѪһɹҪȥʬ֮ͷų
ħüǵٴγ֣һɨɾɾˣһһףɽ͵ΪҲһ
ҶһĪ⣺ɡɾ
ɽ磬ħ綼ͬģֱɾɾɾɵ۾ѹĻ̫ʼǸ߸ϵɵۣҲ޵ɵ۾߾磬Ϊͳʮɽף
Ŀһħƺ뵽ʲôŭ֮£͵Ծ£ȻɣǱɱĽѾήûɾ֮ǻ߲磡
ھĽ£ҶȴǰһǰˣͣȻǻ
ΰˣ߸ϵĴڣҲ³
ɵ磬ÿһ磬ͻʮѣ̤ߣѾǾţɾߣ֮٣߸ϵɵۣ֮Եһˣÿһλɵۣͳɽİ
ϴ֮УвıҶϣ˵ʬ壬ıҲҪʮ깦һָǰǧ֮һΪ£
ħ˵꣬ȻҶȣ̻ΪӰƮ뾧֮УȻʬԣͬʱħüǵۣشüķɳƯʬħ֮䣬ͷһħ⡣
ħһ֣ͰʬħϢںΪһ壬ƣȻʼ𵴣ƺųħ𣬵ǣǵ۶֣ħ󱬷ֱĨɱʬ巴ơ
̫ʼѹʱɵΪôơ϶Ǹ߸ϵɵҲţ
Ҷʮִ㵣ħжôǿ󣬵û뵽ħվɽ綥ɵۣȨɽ磬޿ƥС
ȳưʬںϣб֤ݺ½磬ɨκ·ϣ
һЦҶҲûдųħʬ壬̨һɢȫɽ籾ԴʯҲгǧ
һץͳͳʯ룬вٱʯʮƷÿһ۱һƷ
򶷵ˣλ˵ˣһб
̨߱õȫҶ˲Ӳÿԭ򣬾ԯһԯԯΪ汦ɱͬһޡ
ź֮ıͱ˶ߣʬ޼֮Щʯֵһᡣ
ಣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һʹӸ߸ϵļ̨Ư԰֮УսӴ棬ܶήֲͻΪ˳£һıѹԭеʣһһΪ촷ۡ
Ҿ֪ѡĵطôûб½֮Уӡһ˵Ϣ
ģҶ˼ʮϸ壬Ȼ½ܵһɱӡȻӡǺ֮ǳ硣
֪
ϢԵõŽۣҪôǷӡһԽһƷĴڣҪôһɽƷһ֣˵Ǿ޴Ƹͻͨ쾳Ҳֻڼ֮ѡ
ôҲȲϴǧͼ㣬ҶѾ׼
䡫
һ𣬵ʱһӣҲ½ڰ֮󣬹ȻҶϣӡһϢ
ϢϢǻķâ̫ŻȵĳŷһһŲ
ϴȻϸȻˡ칭Ǽӡħ칭ɽ֮УȻǶҲһһ汦ǧͼȻԶˣ
ȻϷ̨ħ칭һλħǿߣԴɵģһƷ꣬һλǿǰû뵽λǿ֮ĳڵ͵ɽһλУ
Ŷ
һ˵Ҷȵʮ𺳣û뵽ǰħǧ˿ƹϵҪʹ칭
칭ȻѵõľƷ䲻ңңҵıԴӡɽһܵطҲϰߣϴӵʮ٣칭ħԣҲ£
ƷɾΪˣϴӵԣ칭ֱӿɱλǿߣͻλ칭ɱˣʱҪһҲ£
ӵ칭ϴ˵绢
ħһķУ˵ÿ
ᣡ
Ҷʩչ̫⣬˲ϢĹâǵâ̫ںϣţһųʮɵľ޴󰵽ɫ޹ȻҶǰ
޹ƯڿУ沼ħƣϹ飬һƴ칭ͷų
Ʒеߣ칭
ǾƷʲôʥȡ۱׸޷ȣơоҪأӦ˼䣬Ǹ߸ϵɽ磬ϵ˰Եȴƫƫ½磬ҵУ


301 ͻ
칭է־ͰǿħƵľƷһƷΪʮƷΪƷ֮УĴڣֻдǧͼرڣѹ֣ƷͳͳҪ칭
һǧ칭ȼƷ֮𣬾ʿ࣬Ʒ߸ϣԻεƷ칭ߡ
ǾƷ칭˻𣬻ǻҪҲ¡
ҶУֱý绢һֱӿλǿߡ
̫⣬ϣڰ
һʥ̫ͻͻͻشҶ֮мȥˮ칭֮ϣȻʼ칭κħ̼˸ħһȽȽգâԽԽǿʢ
ͳ޵ħ칭ǰâͻԣȻӿ˳ŷսﶯսģϹսֳ̫սг棬һ·նңս׶սģս
ħ밵ħ£ҶƺһλϹսվս֮УƯڶ壬ֳ칭ɱ޵սǣͻȻ𺳲һ˳ɹΣſ˫ۣ칭
ʱ칭һ̣ƺͣǳ֮⣬ͳͳ칭ӿ˹Ϊһ֧ɵǳ֮ǳ֮֮ʣڲսܣǳ֮Ȼֱɱһλλս񣬲Ǻ֮һ޴ĺڶսС
һˣһλħֳ칭ȻɱսڲǺ֮УΪ͵ĺڶĺڶһ̣칭޼᲻ݡ
ǾƷѾӵ飬ղһ䣬칭սķľû뵽칭Ҫǧ򱶣
칭УҶƺȥϹսл棬սħɣиޣ̫žޣ칭λ޵ħҲս䣬칭ҲǼ֮У͵ɽĳλ档
ڳ˯ƺڵȴٻ
Ʒǲһ㣬Ҫ̫칭ֲһ㡭
̫⼸ĴҶ͸֧ĸоһץʯʼþ
ܿ죬Ҷ칭֣߶󷨣֮Ԩ߼׷Ƽ̼䣬̫ͨ¯Ϊ̫ߣγ̫ӳ
֮Ԩɽλ̺ȫԺν°빦һ칭һ̫ڽ֮Ԩ߼£Ҷҡֱϡ
չ
ͷһͬս֮ԨʯʼǶ֮Уһִۿʼø飬֯һ̵硣
û뵽ķѴ̫⣬칭ûȫ󷨣֮Ԩǧ򱶡
Ҷһͷ̫칭һմ߼Һ̫ȫѹ޵У칭գһѣɹ
ڣҪѣ칭ˣ칭һͻֹͣ칭Ҷںϡ
칭ǾƷ̫ҲҪ˳ʱ䣬һƷ۱ףǧҶҲûö೤ʱ䣬칭ȴҶȴɼ칭ǲ

еҶȣͻȻվƯ֮УȫͷŵȼյĻ棺ǽ֮Ԩ߼ΪͻƣãھͿʼͻƣ
أ
䡭Ҷ˫һչػγȼջ¯ҶҶȵĳڻзڣ˾٣֮Ԩ߼Ȼ۶ϼҶ֮С
ָһץ߼ͻΪһ裬ⱻҶУ񷣬ʱ˿̣Ҷڽ֮Ԩ߼£ɽλĸ߼ǿı
̩λ棬ܴɽλ߼һռ䣬֮Ԩһ⣬ɽȻû½ɽзݻ٣漣Ҳ⣬⡣
չ̩λ棬֮Ԩһ޶Բóħ˷ܣ߼ıλǿ֮Ԩᱦһ棬ȡ߼Ŀꡣ
ԺҲϸ֣ɼ֮Ԩ߼ȻԺĵһ֮Ԩĸ߼ռ䡣
ֻϧɾʿҲȥ㣬ܽĲʿָ˵㣬Ϊ֮Ԩصĵ㣬ȻҲʧ٣Ȼɽͨһڣͻıʣο޼ɵ
ʿʦҪ㣬죬²ͻɾףõ߼죬ͻɾ߽ף˳ɹʸ
˭ҶǸ̥Ѫ忪ʼһͬѰ̫Ըô߼ҲûҶΪڲϸ죬վһһ
ҶѾ已̥֮壬ȴ̺ԣԻڻҶԣҶõϴ񣬳Խӵ֮ʿ
ԱɣԴֽ𵤡ԼȵȣǿҶжôǿᣬûн۱׻ƾҶǿȣҲһᱻݻ١
ƣ
ܻ¯֮УҶظоԱڽ֮Ԩ߼ӿǡϸ֮УҶȵһδβϵشʼ⿪ӡԽĽ׵ǿȻ
һ¯ͻȻһ̫ȻžըҶƻȻɣ̫ȼա
ײɾƿͻƸоãƺܴϢһͨ󣡡
һըĽͻףͻһ̣Ҳ֮ݱ䣬򡢵𵤡ѱ䣬ϾͻȻһϹģҶԺ֡
ЩĶҶ˵һҲİΪľ컯ȭֱɵһ㡰ڶ㣬ҲǵڶС
Ϊ졣
ϹģԺҶȾϲ֣û뵽ͻף컯ȭڶʽή١
һʽЩûȫںϣڶʽ죬ȵһʽѰٱҲҪǿٱڶʽһɵģʼȰѵһʽȫں˵ͼƬͨ쾳ſʼڶʽ죡
ٱôˣҶ֪֮ɾΪӲڶʽǵһʽҲһﵽͨ쾳ҶȲſԺ޹˼ɣʩչһʽ
ڵڶʽ죬ͨ쾳ܿʼҪͷµ޵ͨ쾳߽ףɾ
컯ȭֻ޵˾磬컯ȭУܷ컯ȭҶɾ컯ȭʮʽȫգȴҲӲһˣһֻܵջһˡ
컯ȭҶȲʮżףڷ˾磬˾磬Ҳ컯ȭȥ޷컯ȭǴ޵ľسɳӷһɳȥ컯Уܷ컯ȭ
ˣ϶һζ׷ǿҶȣͬж飬жپԼ
Ѿڲܵϣǰװ˷Ѿʱ䣬ͽຣһຣҪ߳ຣǾʮѣ֮ԨˣףҲ޷߳ຣھжȥ
ףͻưɣ
Ǽȥոͻףڽ֮Ԩ߼ע£ܿȫ
ͻףʮ㣬ֱնɱͨ쾳Ľףס
飬ǿԶŷأҶڳûͻȥʵļֻдƾ磬Ʒ򣬲ͷš
ȼյػ¯ŭϻȼţҶȰУ֮Ԩ߼ӿ̫ӳ˫£Ҷȿʼͻס
ͨأ޷޾
ǺӣҶƺֱͨ죬ӵͨƺУҶȻȻشһӡʥǹĶ̫֡һ̣Զݱ䣬Ҷһͱ仯ǧںҶһ󷨡
ң컯ȭһʽҲҶȽͬ˲䣬׷Ϊ޵У㵽һ绯ǵĹԣߺڰ߹ǵ
ΪУȴǳ׽͸ߣҶվûߣòҶģһῴøԶں컯
ͻưɣ
չ˫ۣûȼ̫ϱըǣϸһ籬ըһܶʼѱ䡣
ڻ¯ܻͣһ̣һʥҶë͵ˣԶʥˣģ


302 ˻
һʥ⣬ʼҶһһͻףҶȿƮݣɢ̫֮Ϣޣ˵һӡ󣬾Ͳ½硣
ÿһϸ΢ͻס׹֮Уϱըս֮Ԩ߼һһ飬Ҷ΢ɣЩ΢˽֮Ԩ߼ں̫⣬Ҷӽ
ػʵҲԪ΢ɣɻҲһ΢ɣУ΢ѣ΢ںϣ۷Ϊص硣
ͻףٶʮֹ칭ʱ˰ɡҶ˫ۿ˿칭ͻͻͻ⣬ֱӴ칭Ϊ̫⣬ʼ칭
ˡ
칭ڶһ£ֻ΢΢һҶϲ⣬Ϊ칭ˡ
ҵˡ
칭ڣ޵͸ں̫ƣ칭ӳ̫⣬ֱߵȼӵ˿˿ԡ
Щ̫ΡҶ־ʹԣ칭ڳ˯ǧ飬ڴӳ˯ĺ֮Уⶳѹ̫ΰԣ칭ѡ
칭Ӵ˿̿ʼҾˣҶһףֱ˵ʮ㣬Ȼָ΢΢һһ̺ԵɫѪݵһ̼칭
ѪҺ
칭ڷһ𺳺ţӵ칭ͻȻʼ𶯣ҺİâϹħƿʼΪ֣ҶԺţһŰɫâʼ칭ڲӿ
ԭЩħƣ칭ڲ󷨹ܣøӣǾƷе𣡡
һԺħƣ̼Ͱ칭󲿷գЩȽϸӵطҪȥ
μˣ
칭棬ްɫħ⣬۳һ꣬ĮȻ񣬺ޱ飬ҶȣûһûĻˣҶȣʩ
칭飬ԼֻһߴСâΧ͸̫ĵԣǸħ֣ͼڣЩ칭һƿء
Ҷ˫ָǿ칭ӴԺ͸ңңɱˣɣ
ǣˡ
칭ٴιش𣬻͸ɱ¾֮ħɱ¾֮ʮ񣬵гħٷ֮һ̼칭ʧ޴칭ʼСΪƴСವһҶ塣
칭ɱ¾ɱ¾һɱ¾ҶһЦ칭֮УȻ½أдʯ½أ߼
ʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦһֱңƣǿ½绹˭棡
Ҷͷƣ̴ʦʦӨӨʦһδҶȿЩԪĳطϡ
룬ҶħͨҪóħʱڽ֮Ԩռ䣬ֻҪӡһɣռ䣬ħ𶼿ȫɡ
һУҶʩչǧͼͼ뿪֮Ԩ
ڽ֮ԨԪѷһ޴Ȼռ䣬ʮλλǿͻȻ޷֮Ԩһɸ߼ڷӡʵʵ
Ϊʲô
ǧգҪ֮Ԩӡ߼û뵽һˣҲ֪ʲôʱͨٶȴ򿪣
һһλѱСô죡
ƿտռ֮ǰգʮλɾʿ׷űӡͨڣ̾ϢʧΡĸ飬ͫͷų
ЩʿٲߣһһնɱڴʱԪڲǲľ޴󹬵һް
˻һʮλǿ߶ɫȻԲκˣǿǴ˵еĴڣԪӢԪǶ֪λΪжô
գ֮䣬һλλɾǿߣΪԸ뿪ˣʱռ䣬һͷһ۵ĳһͨ߳ʧؿűӡסĽ֮Ԩϧû취õྫ
ྫԵαǿ󣬵ɽ潵٣ΪѰһݣ
ͻȻһλȫɫ׵ľͶӰн
̹ʩ񣺡ˣ
ͶӰ򱻷ӡĽ֮Ԩ˼ΪλͻȻرգ֮Ԩͨɽͨģͨʧȥ֮Ԩ֧ţȫͣ
֮ԨɽϵΨһһֱӡȥ֪ͨλԪԲߣ˵꣬תƿնȥ
֮Ԩڶ꣬ȻĪӡˣǵĲ˶ܽУԭɽ潵٣ͻĲ㣬Щˣ
Ӷۣգʼ֮ͨУ̼䣬ԪǾϵ䶯ƺʲô޴Ҫ١
Ԫһϡδ磬ȥȫһĹţһɹδĲʻص
һٶ򣬴󲿷ֶδԪȻðǰȻûпǳĻ
һڻĹɭ֮УһعϺҶէһȥǾֻطء
֮УʦʦӨӨʦգڴԪǻԪƬҶ֣ƺǰ滷ɽ޴ξһɽ֮еء
滷ɽ֮Уžһ߶ͻ֮γһ޴
󷨣ԺλӣԪǽʱ濴ȥûʲô֮󷨣Ժӣ޷
ʦã̫ðʧΪ˳ྫȻڶ룬жǰУҺܶԴгҪʲộʦôȥʦ
ʦɶΪָܿ΢΢ۣʦӨӨһϹ⽣ȵ
ʦ㣬ʦ֪ˣλȥԸչǧ꣬ϣʦ㲻ҪӨӨ˵
ʦ㣬ǡʦòãضʦ£ʦ÷ҪһŴУֱԳƣöʦ֮Ԩ
ӨӨ֮ʱʦΨΨŵŵ˵ƺʮ־˵Сдŷƺʱ׼űѵ⡣
ţꣿ
ʦͻȻָûӨӨӶ˫֣ʮָ֮һ⣬һУλʦãõģСʦܸˣҺû£ôʦ
ʮֺ棬Сʦˣ
ãöδλոŵСʦܣɲҪʦܿСʦܿɲ򵥣Ҫһ·ңҲ˵꣬ջһĨһƬ͸ֻһƵ۵Ҷȣ֪Ӻη֣ⷽ
Ȼ
ӨӨһ䣬ҶȣȻһҶֶͨΰӽ֮ԨȳһĻôλѧӣ߸ϣô׽Ҷȳ֣ӨӨЩ롣
ҶȶӨӨҪһиߴʦ㣬ӨӨŵԣûаҶȾ֮˵ȥ򣬿϶һš
ʦܼʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦ㣡
һƳӰ֮л䣬ߣһƮݣͷųڳƣҶȡ
Сʦ񣡡ӨӨ΢΢׵
СʦܣҲǵģڹĹͻȻʧȥϢʦ֪㱾£ӦòʲôΣգʦ㡢ʦҲƽνԴϲЩ£ָʵǻͨ㣬뿪Ԫǣ
ԪͨǹرյģҪ뿪ԪǣֻпҶǼ汦֪ҶȲףóŵҩȻҶȺúûָʵ
лʦ㣡
ҶȻɽ¶ˮʾҩ£ʼλʦ֮УֻлӨӨ֪Ҷжǿ
ڻӡߴʦעǵǿھȡﵽ״̬ʱͻ߽ʮףﵽͨ쾳λǿߣ
¼鵤Ȼҩʮλǿ߷õҩ̺ԣžԽߣҩҲԽԽλҩ֮
ڵҩ߶£ҶҲͬʱͷǵɼʼϳӡԡ
ӵеĽ𵤸߶ȣѾɾҲҶȳмӣֱӳԽͨ쾳һʿڣԽǿ󣬴ʿԽǿ󣬽ͨΪߣ𵤿ԲֵݱȻ
СʦܿвΪͻƣǲ˼飬̶̲һ깦򣬾ȻͻסλʦãǶ˸ʦܣ
ʮοΪʦ㣬һֱΪʦõģ˲ٵĹһ
ʦ㣬СʦϢ⣬Ҷȫ׽֪ʦʲôǰðʦ˵ʦ½ʢеõһɼʦ˲һɼͣ
ʦһתʦӨӨ˵
Ҳɣ
ӨӨɲɫɫ糣һģͬʦãҲЦݣҶʵһΪһɼı䣬ǾУΪ
֪Ҷϻܡ


303 Үɺ
ĹɽƺĵӰ𣬴ӻɽ̤ƷգҶȡˡ
λʦ㣬Ҫ˺ԪǾϵ²ףҪλʦ㶦ǺϽ𣡡
طӡҶ˫֮䲻ϴһӵһ㣬λ֮ʼƶУһƣ΢΢شҶͷţ˸оҶӵһǳռ
ȻΪԻλʦ㣬һ֮ںϴǧͼ֮Уں֮󣬸ûܴпߣǳħҲֱ治ҶֶθںǧӡòͬΪһ塣
Ͻ𣡡
ӨӨλӣ̼ͬɾǿϢעҶ֮С
λλǿ߼ӳ֣ҵڽڽǻҹඥ񹦣
λ⻷֮УҶȴ񫣬ʹ֮£𿺷ܴСϴεõӳ֣ͻ׾٣ͬʱõλλǿӳ֣Ҷȸоͻ߽ײ⡣
ʩչӡǿӡڵȴʱһͷţͿٴͻƣǵԺݴ½á
֮λҶ˵ԣôࡣ
ˣλʦ㣡
Ҷȷӡλ֮ڵƯ޴λͬ̾ڵҶ߶ƿնȥ
룬ǣһó׷
СʦܣȻƬ֮䣬ǾʹԪǻصǣϧֱ̫Ӵص򣡡
һƬûпĽ֮Уſռ𶯣ҶȡӨӨһһӿռɳ˼Ľçԭ֮Уƴأһ¡ׯϵϢ
ʦһղŻԪǣȴһգۣǣԪ֮򣬾ȻôʹһΪֱĪ
ʦһʦãС֣Сʦӵռ䷨ʦΪ̫ͣӲ˶ɾȻʦܣŻ򣬵ȻصЩʦģһҪʦͻͨ쾳
ʦ㣬ȻѾǣǻϸȥ󣬳뿪ȫ鷳ˣ֪ҵõྫ϶װ뿪
һֱһԲĮĻӨӨ濴˫ͫ˸ġ
ȷʵնɱǿߣҲʤ㣬֣п֮ʦ˵ĺܶԣȥ󣬸Ͻ뿪򣬶һʦչسðգ϶ֽ߰ɣ
ƺҲ֪Էһ֣һɰ纮Ϣ˲˾ߡ
ǣǡ
Ҷ˻ûͨװ֮Уǣûسʿֶߣǣ̳ȥ
ҪҲҪĸ£
һ¶Ӫ֮⣬һ׾޺Ҷ棬ҶȽķݰʯ֮ȴ֪Ҫ¡
ҶһóżƷʯߣа취ҿٳʮƷʯǿҪãⲻһʯǼƷʯ
Ŷʯ
ʱһλƤǳɫһӴӪ߳һ֣о޺ʩ񣬲һмͫûЩ£ֱҶǰӸ£ȻԣһҪʮ
ʦСģ֣һΪﵽͨ쾳˽ףͨ쾳ʮףΪλͣ
ͻȻʦӨӨͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢ҲԷǿߣȷף̫ǿ󣬲ܵǾЩɾǿߣ磬һһҶȵ˿ҪΣ
ͻ
Ҷǿ̸֮ʣͻȻͻأһţһɺϢֱӴӴӪս٣ֱӰ󶼲١
ɾǿߣĿŵ壿
硢һɫɫǿߣȻӪ˫һƣһǿƴӴӪķ£γаӪϿս١
ϤϢʦáʦܣҪСģ֪ķλǿߣȻ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ؽǿ߽٣Ǿ䣬һκη紵ݶʦ뿪˵˵
գɫʮأƺǿռ֮УݵǿߣϾҪǴ
ƣ
ͻȻһֻȭ֮УֱӺռ䣬صػаһ˲ķѡ
ͣ
һ̣ɫɫλǿߣһѪ˶ʱε޺˾ֵؿŴ󣬶ŶӵȴʿҲŵþʧ룬֪ʲôܣҪǡ
ʷϣûмִ󶯾ΪһλǿߣĿŵԿ򣬳Ժ£ɾǿߣֻϢߡ
Ϊд˵еڣû˸ҷ
ಣ
ͨڴת֣λī̵ۡϵĹԺӣڽٶ
һҶʮ־㵣ī̵λǿߣ¿ڶԺλѧӣ
ţӡлӣ
λλǿλһλݾȵͻȻоʲôĿͻͻͻسʦⷽ
Сģ
дҶȵСģȻһ֣һ۳֣ʥޱȣ˾Укһɫ䣬λ޴Ӱʩԭǳ˷ʦ֡ʦ֣С񣡡
ٿ
ʯһλԺλǿߣ˲併ٵ棬˰֮⣬ͻȻ֮ƣǿޱȣֱӰѴӪΧʿͳͳ𿪣Ӫ̳ǽҲ˲飬Ѵƻ
˵ʲô·ߣʦΪһɶ׶ѣȻ˷
ҶϢվλʦ󣬲ǰһɢƣֱӿɣش
˭ҡš
ͻȻղ֮Уסȴ𵴲İ֮һҫɫӰӲƿնΪһ֣Ժλǿֱ
ҿӣ
ɫӰֳ֣ӪΧʮࡢǿ߾ߣֻ֣޷⣬ĴӴܡ

Ժλǿߡ롰˷硱ɫһֱʩչһ޴̫Ż̫Ϸ
¡ϣ
ɫ̫Ż֮ϣȻֱӰΧըһǧ״ӣ̫Ż˲߽⣬ɫֿʼһץţڵһֵ˳ȥǱڷ֮йʮȦ
ǿᣡû뵽ڽ֮ԨʱҪǿʮҲɶףȻֱӰѹԺλѧӣܣ
֮⣬ԴΪģȫǳر˲𣬻Ϊ棬ȻΡ벻ʿʬ壬ȴɢڷ֮УһƬʬ
λǿߣĿ£ˣûųȥ
ͻȻһڣƳҪо޴Ҫ٣һɫӰƿնȻǳߴޱȵͶӰ
·Ŀͻͻأֱӿڷеˣɣ࣡
ٶ֣ͱҶ򷢶ս
ͻȻλޱȵġ𡱣һƣΪһĻ֣Үɡ
ţ
ͻȻɢȥŷʲôɵĴڣĿϣɭɭʵ㡢ȻҮɼҵˣ
Ҫٳ֣֪ͨ壬򷢶սԪӢҲֵסҮɼҵŭɣ
ҮɺһץĻ֮УȻͦأգҽΪֵܣģҲֻҪɱһ˶ѣ
㣬֪Үɺ𣬺ãվһӣҪסҮɼҵȷǿ󣬵Ҳӣߣ
ǿߣȻҮɺòȻתգŭʧ


304 
Үɼң
ǿߣȻҮɺӣ˭뵽ոս٣ĵһնɱʿ󣬾ᱻҮɶ
εףһӣô壬жôӴ
ҶȰҮɺǹԺλǿߣҮɼңҲǱȻǿϰٱĴңҲóò
뵽ҶնɱĹԺǿԳ䣬ԳΪԺλѧӣҮɺλΪ˷硱ʶ
ţ
һҶɫ˲䣬һԳʬ˲ӡ̫¯ȻŻָƽλΪ˷ǿߣ˷磬Գ˷磬ȻԳ״磡
˲䣬Ҷ䲻һû뵽Գ˷Գ磬͡òκιԳһΪʮͷǰλԳ˷磬ģŲʮ꣬Ϊﵽɶף֮
ˡ
ͻȻҮɺԳ˷磬Ҷһ£նɱԳȷЩط̫⣬ȻźţԳ˷ҺϳԳ˷磬һ߶ͨ϶Ϸ˿
ϧֱ棬Үɺ𡭡ԭҮɼһλߣǹԺ£ҮɼʵӵдɾͷҮɼҾʱս
֪ҮɼҾȻһ񻯼ռһ򣬶ҮɼռһƬܽҮɼұͺǿ󣬼һλ¾ͷֻҪڹԺ¸Ҫ֮֡
һλ£Ϊж˭Ҳ֪һ֣϶Ǿ񣬹ֲóҮɺôӣԭǾҮɼλ¾ͷоǹԺ
ҺýǰͨԳ˽ˣԳ˷䲻ԳϢλʦ㴦Ͳˣ
Գ˷Үɺڶϧ򣬿ɼԳ˷ԳϵҪǱҶԳ֮һ˿ϵҶȾʩչ϶ҲѲ˸ϵϹԺԺϵãʱԳ˷ҮɺҶ˳֣´ʦ޷˶֡
ڼʱԳϢȫӡ̫¯˵ɶףǧǿߣҲ鲻κ˿
ҪСģҮɺԳ˷ӦòΪǶ
ʦУΪɶǿߣͬ߶Գ˷硢ҮɺһҲûʾȴ֪ƶԼһܲ
ͻȻԳ˷ǰɨӨӨҶˣһ˿ŭͫ˸ӣ֪λûмҵĴ磿
һ䣬ֱӵûһֱڽ֮ԨĪǹҲУǲ֮ԨͨͻȻգЩĪУ
λʢҮɺ𣬺Ȼһէһ˼飺֮Ԩͨգ
Ү֣ͲǷϻֱӸȥԪǣ֮ԨգҴ϶УԳ˷ǷɫڣҮɺ˫ͫ㣬Ȼʩ֮˲Ԫǡ
ǿߣ
һ䣬ŻӨӨҶȷҲ˸ֱӴ߶ݵһʧǡ
Գ֮˶ףڹĹ֮УԳλǿߣһ·׷ɱȻĹ֮УȳԳۼ֤ʧԳ䡣
Գ֮ȻֱɱȴƲϵһԳ˷緢϶ǧټƵѣϽ߶뿪
һʼٸߣֻһˣǾҶȡ
һѪսҮɺԳ˷磬ҲǺˣҪҳ֣Ҿͻ᲻κδۣ칭ɱǣ
վ֮ͨУתԶȥҶ־ϲһͻΣͻȻҲȥͻȻȻҶ½ͱԳ˷緢ֶߣǽͲ뿪
ûߣõһλǿʬ壬֮Ԩմ߼ͻףջ񣬾ǵõ칭гħõʬ壡
գҶǼ˴ˣΪͻƣ߼õ칭ҳħʮһǾʬںϣʵҶȾͲپκˣˣҲһöԷ
λȥҪúñչں칭Ȼӡĸ߼ٴͻƣٻصݴ½һͳ½
ݴ½ȻǸСĴ½šʵڡӵҲ˵ӵɾͷҲҪһսһͳ
һҶ̳Գʬ壬ʼʬ徫򡢽𵤡
ʦӨӨʦҲھޣֻһۣעͨΧһһҲԶ򣬽һƬϢƫƧ򣬴Ƭ򣬾Ϳﵽ
һºͨδͣڴﵽƮǣԺ
ʥأݺύ֮Уһֱƿճ֣֮أþ˴߳ѾõĵӨӨ̲ס顣
ʦʦΪβ֣
ͻȻһɻ֪ͨʦúաʦؽջع֮ȴûмӰ
ಣ
ͻȻûҶüһϼͻȻ٣ϼ޴ޱȣʥޡ
ʦӨӨϼ⣬֧֧ؾ̾⡭ʦġԪϼ
ᡭҶһϼ⣬ȻƮԣʥԴǧٱһȽ֮Ԩ㡢Ĳ߼ϢһƷƷҲضá
ָ߼̬϶Ƿǳеɼϼ⣬ҶȾͿ£ΪĪ⡣
ʥ޿ɿϼ£ӨӨɫ˿ҶҲһѾܷ˵ģλʦһϼ⳯ȥ
ֻǵһ˾ͳһĴ֮Уʦ㺫ʦأڵУǰ֮ϣһλģŮӣŸոնʮͷ࣬ϸü£ͫ⣬ݰף޾ӡ
λŮϣоκ緲ˣһʹ߸ϣǣʵΧȴͷһׯϡΡƣ˲񷡣
ᣬԺһλ߸ϵ£̩λ棬ʵɲ⣬أλǿ߶ֻδˣԺѧӣҲδᣬʥϼ⣬ֻ֮䡣
ϲʦأ
ͷ˲£šӨӨҲ£ҶȣŮܲԸ¡
һԵĺաأһֱ̧ͷһϢƺ˲˺ëĺϢ
һѩɴ˽覣ʥ㣬һһӨӨ֪֮ԨжΣգУΪʦҶУȻǰУΣǵΪúڵչأƫƫΪʦչ֮ʣܳȥЩ
ǣǵӲԣӸԸܳͽ䣡֮£ӨӨȥĵʵʵϴ
ʦҲæͷҲ֪
ʱæǰСͷʦͽΪʦ㣬ûϸ񿴹ܸλʦãʦվһжͽĴ
һŭߣϴʦĵһˣʵΪʦ㣬֮ԨжΣգ㲻ǲ֪˵ĺܶԣ㣬ȥչǧ꣬ûΪʦ̤һ
ǣͽԸܷٴοͷ
΢΢ҡҡͷȻĿŲߣ˲俴ӨӨӨӨȻλ𣬵ûκ⣬ξˣΪʦóڽ֮Ԩõ˳ַ԰ɣ
ٿ
ϹһὣӻӨӨ֮зɳŻӨӨ߶ὣᡣ
һץͰὣƿأͷһϼ⣬ὣ̵õὣͷɣϼ˳ʮ־ϲǳһƷеϳƷʣԺҲҲɽ
֮ԨǴɽһռ䣬Ǭʥء󲿷ѧԺǿߣгģеõپӨӨᣬúñչأΪʦ⼸ʮڣͻɶף
һϼὣἸ̾Ϊ⣬Ȼһ֣ὣͷӨӨУȥŵҶ£
ǣ
ͷվ𣬻ӨӨҲҶԣС˿
֮УλŮΧһ𣬰ʦСʵʦ㣬ʦΪʲôСʦһ£Ҫͷɣ
ɣСʦܲţʲô涼֪ʦδСʦܣȴΪ;У϶ʲôأǿߣ
Ǵʦ㣬ô󷽣Ͻ֪ڲۣλʦ뿪


305 ɾʥ
һҵɻӦûн
ڣžֻʣҶһ˹ڴ룬ͷͷȴϵΪλᱻѡΪŵӣɻϾͻ
ɻҶǰ˼⣬δнҲڱչ֮УӲеӣЩ˵ѡҶΪŵӣ϶ԭġ
ʲôʳڡŻ磬ǹƨҶȶԼΪʮ㣬Ҳ鲻κ˿
߸ϣʥׯʥ£ڵʦ֮ʣΪʦʮͣҲóƺΪʦ֪кܶʣɣ
ҶȻţȴ̧ͷĿӣ£ҲͲµλһѧӣΪŵӰɣ

䲻һЦЦݣ绪ˣݴ½Ϊһж֪￹⣬ҵһλңҪԺӻ㣬ΪӣҲ֮ĶԹǰãѾͻɾΪλѧӣȻҲΪʲôԸҲ֪λǰȴ˵㵱һ˿ȷ˵ĺܶԣ
Ȼͻɾ
ҶٿȻһһɱͫ⡣
Ҷⷬɱ᲻ɫ˫˫ͫһžȷʵǲŻ磬Ժŵʵ޵ɾɲ⣬ѧԺ߲Ϊ֮һԺңҲ޷ֹҪɱڳδΪ֮ǰ޵һΪһΪ£Ҫɱ㣬Ҳ޷㣡
ͻһ׾ͳΪ£
Ƭ֮䣬֪ⷬ᲻ܿЦΪ£Ȼ֪Щǹ͸¶Ҷ֪Ҷ׼ɣΪҶṩһҪϢǰҶһδæ
ŻΪλԺһֱ벻ͨҲȥ룬£ڵûгΪ֮ǰ϶˼ңһΪ£ҷУҪԸ㣬úܣҲðԼ˵죬δذ￴һж飡
Ϊ£ҶκӣֱӳԴҶ˵һǴֻǸԴѡ
оֳڶԻް顣
ҶȳĬãϲģȴˣҶ᣺£һ⣬λǰǲһλߣҲݴ½֮Уһرǰ
ȻܴλǰͲµ϶֪ҲͲԣӴԺԺڣûκ˸Ϊ㣬ǵ죬Ҳ˼ңŲԸ㣬Ϊ£Ҫร
ݡ
˵֮һ֣һˮҶȻȥұչأΪλӣһɾʥ֮ļɾʥȫĽ𵤾ͻӵԣ
ɾʥȷһƷĴҿԼӳŨȣǸıʣ
˿ҲҶȵ棬ֱɾʥ룬гһЦỹΪڻδںԵɾʥıʣý𵤿ԣʼɾ֮壬Ļ뵽ҵĽ𵤣˴ԣԣӵϵԡ
ȥɣҪʲôɣҲԼ㣡ֱ˵꣬ͻΪӰʧ֮ϡ
ȻͶӰΪȻȳǿߣҪֲ̫߳࣬óҮɺǰɵµȷǿ޵С
αСˡǺǣ޹ؽҪᲢʲôôʶǰ
ҶΪŵӣһϵ£ʼٸߣҶһ֮Ե棬꣬Ҷѩȥ磬ѩݺǰ׷ͯӡ³롱ʹһ٣ǿʥȿ϶ᱻԷܻ
ȻΪ׷ͯ³룬Ҳǿ棬ʱͳһӵ˼ǿߣδΪΪӿȷܾܿһλǿˡ
꣬ˡʵڡ᰷Լǰ¹ߣһҶȣҶȾµһɱķǿߣݴ½˭֪½ͨ쾳ǿػ
棬ҶȻ϶Ǳżݴ½
浱޿ռõҶˡ˺ѣҶǷһ飬ڣû뵽氲ţίǿʵ֮£иĵطܵ죬ֿ޵һΪնɱ졣
ǰΪҿǣǷ˼һ飡
ǷծǷǮԻ壬ֻծȴôҲģҶȳ˼ãعʱѾҹ
ʩչٶȣԾֱӻصй
ҶΪǻӨӨաλʦ㶼йҶƽλʦһʺҶȺһӣʦ㺫գ˸Ҷȹ˵˵ЦЦȫûŮ֮
ദ죬λʦһͬȥ
й֮Уһ̫¯ʢȼգʥظ߼ӿۼ̫¯ȼնΪ̫ϼӳϵӿ𵤡֮С
ҶͻףٶһӣоԪӿʥҲһ
ɾʥ
һץһӨˮҶץУɾʥʦָ֣Ҳо޴棬οҶȲɾǣҶ߶ȣһٱ仯
˲Ĩȥɾʥӡһ˲븹Уʱһʼɢں̫⡢ϸѪҺ֮У뵤֮С
ž
һʱ֮䣬ٽըɾǿ˲ͿʼΪҶȸʣëϴ裬ӵʵĲλһըʱɾһɹ֮ȫ
ɾʥ֮󣬰һˮ߼һһ֮УصĽʦ㣬һЩϵ΢ʼת䣬󲿷΢ûκα仯ϵĻ΢ڳ˯
ͬһ㣬Զȴʦ߳һأҳɣ
ûһҶֱӨӨӡ⿪һ̣˲ͷţ̫˲ںϣҶȸоڷԾܿ챻΢ա
ջҪͬʱںɾʥλʦҪںϣ
룬Ҷȿʼޣ̫¯Ȼȼգ󻺻УҶȴ˼顣
Ϊֻͨ쾳ȴû뵽ôͻɾ̤ԺҲŲ꣬ôʱڣɾ죬Ǿţ
ë͵ɢëʼһҶû뵽ȻͻɾһпܳΪ¡
һͻһ׵λѧӣȻܳΪ£֤һףӵµʵҲΪ
ɾɾ꣬޵ɾĲŻѾÿֲݣλ棬ҲҲֲֿԺϣʵס
Ϊֹ첻Ҷսв
죬ĳɳȷʵˣ㲻ʲôŰɣôһ죬һ̩λǰڽ£
Ҷ˫ͫͷż⣬ۣ֮С
ʥأԺ߸ʵǿ£
Ժһλϵ£Ϊ߸ϣ֮йϵ޵ǿߣһ־š
ھ֮ϣƯһ̻Ի͵Ĺ
һλˡȴһͷ׷һɽ޵ǿߣ֮УʯǶ֮ϣ˫ü罣ĿãΧճֳ󣬸ֱ΢΢תǹʲôС
λǵˣǸ߸ϵ£
ƺǱ֮һĪǹݻһλ޵ս񷣬ָǧ
ϲʦ޵Բ
ͻȻһλӰֱƿնһˮ֮󣬾Ȼǵ졣
ĵ죬֮֮˾תס˫ͫ˸ǹ⣬ûκʩƺƽƽ
죬ôͻˣ߲ǰټȥʲôֹͣһ˫ͫ롣
󲿷ָ߲㶼ͬ⣬ȺʶȤҳҪʰǵģһЦ˶⡣
ӻ֣ҲҪ̫żûʮꡢǲнģģһֱվߣͻɾи߲Ѿסһ£㣬ģӦ£ˣô
˫ޣʥ֮ͬҲҵĵ֮ǧ꣬Ҳͻɾ
쵭ӦȻĿ⿴Ǹôˣ
᣿ŮҲǺÿ»飬֣ŴŮΪܲһ㣬ΪҪ
ΪʲôҳΪ£ȥһˣҪ˶ѣ
˵仰תʧ֮Уվһ䣺Ȼɲ⡭


306 ĪȻԮ
й֮Уһ̫¯ȼգԺʥظ߼ӿ룬̫ͨ¯ȼաʣΪ̫ӳҶ±չҶջĴ
ɹǵɾʥӨӨǵ߼Ҷմ֮΢һһըգѱ䣬飬ٴɲ
ϼʥظ߼Ҷʵ߲٣ߣʵı仯΢Ĵ
ڻӡŴ֮Ԩ߼ԳǾʬ壬򡭡ͻͨ쾳⣬Ҫݴ½ȼҲпܣ
ھͻݴ½
һץ̫¯֮Уֻʣʥظ߼ӡ֮С
ɳйһգһ̳֣֮ͨǰҶȻǸλʦк˵Ҫȥһʱ䡣
Ʈڲֱͨݴ½򣡡
ͨڣͨϴҶȲˡѣҶԶĸֵܽȵȡ
뿪ݴ½⼸꣬ݴ½ƽ˾̫ҵ۹½չ˳˳ˮǬߵ룬ػ̫¯ʸλǿ߰½ԴԴϣ̫ҵ۹̫ҳǣ½˼޴ǳء
̫ҵ۹˿ڣʿˣзƵҩṩʮ꣬ɾɾɾɾɾɾ߽ףʸҲͻɸ߽ףҶȶҪ߳һأͨ쾳һ֮ң
ʿɾӶ࣬дɾÿηʳҩõϳΪҡֱҲ֮С
Ҳͻƣͻףɾƿһͻףô̫ҵ۹Ԫֻһȼʿٴͻơ
ʿڷ˶ӵв֣Ϊɣϧ̫ͣޣҶȻȥ᳹׸ı½ʣӳ󷨣̫¯עʯͻ״ﵽ߾硣
һ½ŷ仯ѱ䡣
ˡ
ȻҶƻ֮ʣԺȻһ΢΢ԾҶȷһץ΢΢֪½̫ҵ۹ǡ
ˣһųͽҪ
һӰҶǰĪȻͶӰһĿռ䣬ɱݺᣬҶԮ
ͽ򣿡
ȻǺӣǿվͷڣҶ΢΢գգۣڳͽ֪һġ
̩λԺƿصвԺͳεﷸЩǱȨݺͳͳΪﷸԺƫƧ֮УӡҲԺǵ۹أԺҲгͽйѺǿﷸλǿҲС
ͽǽأֹκʿ̤С
ĳһͽңĪȻЩԺѧӣȥѹҵġ
ҶһĪȻǶԺһöӣʩչǧͼʼ򣬲ң۱Ҳı̬ɫǻƵۣһ硣
ڴǧͼͼλ֮£Ƭ̾ʹԺһ޴һӻ򣬳ҶǰҲضá
ҶȿԦǧͼܿʹ洩ȥһƬ򣬲ʼ׽ĪȻϢܿ죬һƬƬ򲻴󣬵ӵеҲֻ࣬ʮң󲿷ֿռ䶼ǿյģƺƵġ
һųͽ򣡡
Ҷ˲㣬֮ͨÿһͨڣ۵ѧΪ׳ۣɾλѧҲв١
һң򡭡ԺеæˣλѧأӦòᷢʲô£ҵҪСǣ
Ϣ˲俴׼һųͽ򣬿ʼۺɶȥ
䡭
ŨҵѪ֮ɱʲôˣ
մ򾧱ϵӭ춯صıըһһδϣһըȥڴءաڲ񷣬ڱ֮УƯһ߾ʬ壬󲿷ֶװﷸСԺѧӡ
һɨȥʬ֮שߣѪϢڿըǷɱ
ҶϢ˲䴩أڴ֮£һ޴ĵνһһ㣬ʮ㣬νȻһ漸㶼һһ飬ǧٿס
صһɨѹǿﷸһ108㣬󲿷ָ߲Ѿƻֻʣ·ûбƻŲҲɱҶ˲ĪȻϢΪһӰμ㡣
һһ޴߹ޣǿӿӶƻÿһ㻹ǧѧΧɱﷸЩﷸ׼񣬲ԽףΪԽҶ¶ʱԸоͨ쾳Žסʮս
ĪȻΪͨͽףΪλܵ²㣿
׼ȷ׽ĪȻϢμײ㣬ңвλϢвսȸ߲Ҫǧ򱶡
ԺλѧײսҶȺܲףĪȻͨͽΪʱӦڸ߲սΪλȥײ㣬У϶ʲô飬ҲֲûҶȡ
ɾλǿߣĪȻΪ޷⣬ɳ綷ǼռסҪɾǿߣܣûֶͨΣҲҶԮ
ȻΣգλǿսЩɷմϾ鷳ĪȻ
ײ㣬һ㣬ռܴ󣬶ڲָĿռ䣬һʳ֮ͷţǰѹѺɾǿߣȫѹ
ˣ
һӵײռɳμһѿڣ˳ֱӷڰһ۵ĪȻ֮˳Ҷȣ־ϲ
ҶһɨͷĪȻԼһõ½ѧʢһ϶ΪŵӣһΪҲﵽͨ쾳ĽףȻһ⾰ʹͨһͨĽףʵЩ⡣
ˣ·һܿռ䣬ӡƷлһƷͽģﷸɣ
ĪȻżɽҶȷʣͰΪҪٻҶԭ򣬸˵˳ϸ̰⣬Ȳ
ƷһƷ
էһҶȻǲԼˣƷȼߵĴڣԺһֻλ۹ɻһЩɾͷӵУһƷ޼֮ͳһλɾǿߡ
ƷԵλλǿߣ
ƷҶȸ𺳣ƷǳԽĴȼߴڣȼ֮ߣԣƷǿɾǿͻƵҪһƷֵ޷ơ
ȷһƷֵɾһʿ
ƷɾǿҪϱ˵ƷƷɾʿͻƸ߾磬ӵһƷͻײ⣬ĽҲпܡ
ﷸȴв󷨣ﷸƷԺֶΣ
Ҷһ˲˾ƷһƷҪõԺҲɻ󣬿ĪȻػռߣ϶ĺܣҪס
ˣǿ̵
ĪȻΪڨڨһЦŵγͽңһҲ򵥣мƻмıģҴ¼λʦֵܿе֪һΪʿĲ߻ⳡңĿľͲ֪㿴Ǽлͼڵǡʿһǿߣ
ʿ
֣ҶȵһĪȻָһȻײռ䣬ʮλԺλѧӣλһۻսһʮλλﷸԺλѧһɱ
λۻˣȻòҶȴϤĺܣһۻƣҶǧϼֱһģһǣ϶ǧ£Ҳ׽̽ͽ
û뵽׽̷չô죬һͽȻɾȼҶ˫ü壬¸꣬ڻŴ½һǧȻӵɾǿͽҪٸʮ깦Ժ
Ժͽң϶Ҳ׽̼ƻһ֡
ˣܿռԺһλ¼Ϊﵽɾϣؼʱ⣬ԭҶзǷ֮룬ǣЩشʿܿռ䣬϶ҪȡˣռֻҪ˽֮ʣû֣Ҳûϣ
ĪȻҶڳ˼̴ߴ


307 ׽ʹߣ
ŶʿҲܿռ䡭
ҶҲǸᣬΪʲôĪȻҪð²㣬⡣
Ҳô򵥣Ժһλµǿ϶һλϹŶΪ˵ͬȼ֣̩һٸҶȣҲǶ֡
һλص׽̴ʿֻ룬ԺϹŶͷݵö˵˵ʵ϶ϹŶ
λǿ߽֣жȡֱܣڻڶʳɹ̫С
δĵˣǵ죬Ҳ̩ӣҲԺ׽̣ͳһ̩λ棬Һҵļˡѣ񲻻Ϊū
ĪȻдߴ٣Ҷȳ侲֪侲ܻܿΪ̰ʧǣܿռ֣һʱ϶ֲʤ˵Ҫ¡ʱ⡣
ƶҶȸֹۣӱϿҶĿǰǵ죬̩ӣҲ׽̣ǣֻһˣôǿҲֻһˣ׽̾ͲһɽǿһɳսԺҲδصסǿ϶ס
ʲôԺЩ׷׻Ϊ׽̵̩꣬ӣĿǰΪֹҶȻ֪Ŀʲôһ㣬϶׽̣׽̶̩Ǻϵ˵ֻҪھ޴£Ҷ̩ӿԶǺϵ
ȥ졢̩ӣҶȻеĵˣԺ
̫ҵ۹չվڶ㣬϶һݴ½չλ棬ȻⲻԺжԣȻԺ̫ҵ۹չ·Ͻʯ
ȥ׽̲ҶˣɽǺεΰӽ֮Ԩܿóһɽ͵λռ䣬ɱκɾʿôһ޴ڽ˵һλ棬λҲδ赲ס
ʱʲôԺʲôݴ½ҪֻһȻ޴ڣǾ׽̡
׽ڷչڼ䣬ʵûʱǣҶʵ̫Сûǿ޷赲׽̷չĿǰҶȿ϶׽ΪУǽôҲ޷⡣
뵽Ҷȱɱ˫ͫͷ޾⣺ǻڶʳһ֣ܳɹ񣬶Ҫһʱ䳷룡
ǣˣĪȻڵõҶȴӦֽкá
ĪȻֲҶȣ·Ǹܿռ䣬ĪȻҲҶ˵£ͷŴǧͼסĪȻǱ·ռ䡣
ĪȻ̹Ҷǿռͨٴ侳̾ͨѾǷֶΣҲ֮ġ
108Ͱ·һ޴󷨷ӡؿռ䣬ͨԴŴӡĵ¿ռ䣬һǳǹصĿռ䣬һۿȥһƬǿһ֡
ǹռ֮УһɹɰɻڲĦ籩ϯռ䣬Ҫռ䶼飬磬һЩصǳ׹Ҳ˸
ˣ룬ʼ֣ƣǻûͻᱻɱ
սԨռ䣬ĪȻͱˣҶͷһǿǿסҶҲʮֲܣռʼݺύײЩ顣
λֽͷųƣ˰ԵҪ룬϶ᱻɱùʣ
һˣֳ棬꼰ء
ҶסǻҵĿռ価ͷǲܰһˣʵһ룬ɣֻͶȡɣУ˲עҳ˲䣬ȡҪ̫̰ģһһ
ˡôȷ̫Σգްգ뿪Ժܶ࣡
һ̣ĪȻҲʵðգҶȸȡδŪȫ£ڽڲռ䣬ⷬ󣬾ĪȻ˶ᱦͷΪðΣգʵǲֵá
û£н۱׻壬ôһƷֻҪɾ߽ǿߣӦûжΣգǰõһöϹŷԶŴһɱκɾǿߣΪֵã
Ҷնĵ̬ȼĪȻһǣ˿ûбֳʵĪȻֱעĪȻǺϣҶͬظ־ֶΣıǡ
ƷһƷǺεȼֵüҲһɾǿߵõٴͻƣưԣЦһʴˣԺɳϹŶسͽ
ҶĿǰǿв٣ֽȣܵõݴ½£ֻҪҶһͳݴ½ݴ½ôҶΪͻҡֱϣõ½޼ӳ֣ԴԴϣҲǵΪһףԺԭ
˵ǣֶΣֻ¼򣬵õƿȨ⶯ԴõԶ֮ߣսκθ֣˵޼ɵ
ܵҶȼ̲ɶҡģĪȻѾµʲôŵʮģǾҲֵã
ģûаյ£ǲģμƻǹؼֻһλỢڶʳһʧܣûеڶλᣬƷһƷ
ضĪȻ˵⼸仰ЩѹҶȿһ־ĪȻ
ĪȻͷͷһɫʥ־Ժ½ѧʢõһҶȽܵˣڣ˲Уϡɳ綷˲뿪ǿߣ£ƾֶΣ϶һʱ䷢ңҪҳ֣գ۹Ҿͻᱻնɱ
־Ǹñ
ӾӨ־Ҷ̲סޣȻûд־ȴܸϢһɳ綷־Ҫ㻹δȫ򣬾ҲԷټʱһȡ֮󣬻뿪ж
Ҷ˵ֱ꣬ʧ֮УĪȻһ󣬲ʩչɳ綷һ֣ΪһɫǳâƮռ䡣
һռ䴩ɻײʱĦҶȼЩѪЩ۱赲Ҷˡ
ҪСġţ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾôǧͼռ䣬ǧͼҲӵ㣬Ȼɾǿƣ˲ҶˣڴǧͼϽ۱˫ر£ҶȽռ䣬Ҳܵвڼλ֡
ںǳռ룬һλۻƵǿߣһλϵ۵ߣԳ֣Ǻۻǿߣ˫ץӴȼյĻޣֳһ󸫣ս֡
׽̴ʿǿ趯˫֣ȼյľ޳ף͵ԺŶǿߣϹ󸫣һնǺӣȼվնϼΡ
˼һĻˣǱնϵȼվޣȻʼϣΪȼʥĻƲɵߡ
λǿߣòɿÿһζԿÿռһδμ𶯣ռ䶼Ҫ߹һ
Ǳ̬Ϊȴʦ߳ٱֹпܾףĽǿߣ
һضɽҡѳҶȵһλǿߣҲԺλò
λ߽ģٵȥ˾ʣһͰ͵Ƥѣȧߣóηͨռ䣬ƺÿռ֮ͬǿĴʿԿ
֪ʿǲǧ䣿
ģҶһͳһݺĿռ䣬һ˲䣬Ҷϳֲ˼ı飬Ŀ׽̴ʿϣֵغ֣졪棡
ⲻǴվոߴλ˫ƿ׾޴Ժ޵ֵ߽ĴʿȻţ档
Ȼڵ濴ȥֻжʮ꣬ȵҶȼλҪ࣬Ҷȫȷǰ׽ǿĴʿ½һɣ档
׽̵ʲôͷΪҪԺΪУ
Ҷȳڲ˼֮УλԺߣϼֳִ֣ѹסߺһɨѹסԷƣʵ
ĴʿһݣͷҲ飬˸΢΢⣬ߴѹ£ǻӥߣ׽̣ΰߵɽ̣죬ȻԺͷһֱѹǸűʹ׽̣õϽӳ֣ͻɾ߽ף£
׽ʹߣ棬׽̣㻹ִԲݹ飬㳹նɱ㻨޵õһǿΪ͸֮
ͻȻֹ֣ͣڿ޸ѹ£𽥸ı䣬һɲڷϢ˫ͫ
ߡ졯ŭͫ磬ɱ죺ʲô׽̡ΣԺ̩λͳ֮һЩа̣ΪУѰ·
Ȼ棡
λǿ̸ⷬҶȲԼ۾ҲŶ䣬ʮ棬ݴ½һСţȻʮ깦һԾΪΪ׽̵ĴʿҶȴΪ𾪡


308 
꣬Ҷ壬᰷ڶһܾˣҶ벶ȸں󣬲š᰷ڣеõһݴ½ĺ㾧񣬿νʤߡ
Ψһ㣬Ǳɱ棬ֻһû֪ںδΪжôǿ
Ŷ̶ʮ깦汾𣬾ȻӵɾΪˣҶͷ۵ǿУ׽̴ʿ˫ݣǿʵÿһҶ֣һСС½ţôһգ۹򣬾ͳΪɾǿߡ
ʵҲýͣΪţ㼸ǧ꣬ôڼ˭Ҳ֪ŵ棬Ƿǧ뿪ݴ½̩λ洳ǧ䣬׽̣ǧֶΰ£ڼǧ޵ɾҲκ¡
ȻЩҶϣǰҶֶһλǿУУ֪ҶڣԺ϶ԸҶȡ
Ҷ֮ޣȵ޻ҪҶƻţȡӵеһУޣԲưոݣҶȳҪʼһҪ
ÿ˶Լй켣Ҷκκôһ˵õ
Ҫնɱ桭ϧ̫ʵ޷棬ʱɣ
ɱ˲Ҷֿʼڿռз֮УڣðǰһԺǿ죬ʢ״̬濹ֻΪڻңֱȥѰ
׷ǵȴʱ춷һܾˣٳ䲻⹥䲻ɾǿߣ޵ɵʵĴڣһһͿԻ춯أ쾳˸߽ףӲСӡ
ûκμƻһʧģҶڿռз֮Уƽ״̬ʼһʥǹʼϼӳ֣̫ⲻעУԴԴϣʥǹҲһֱûκα仯Ǹ޵׶
¡
ռͻȻһױըˣˣ纣ХռΪģͻȻغ俪˷ѿռ֧֮飬ȻռһƣһĿѷȽȽ
Ȼȥľ棬һ̣龵Ƭͷţֳâ澰
ǿʢԺʥأлһȻͨԵĵȼڣ
ռз֮УҲܵըҲзŤһҡҷڴǧͼʥеҶȣȻۣʢŵ⣬ʱҶ˫ͫһɨʹĿռ䣬ռ֮£õĶ
ڼ̵Ŀռ֮£һѷ֮У͸Ŵ΢ȥʱҶȿԶŴ֮ϣʮ޴γɱǶڴ֮Уٹ̣ʯ
ûҶȾ忴һ̣ռȫϣԭԺͷ˫ƴһƷռ䣬ƺ߶˽ƣһһϣش̼ʧ
øԺ죬Ϊ赲һʱ赲һ𣿻ǷɣֻҪҶȥֻܾˣ
ϵĿռϿգһһʧܲģ˫ͫһĨŭȴǿջЦ˵оǶԶһ⡣
ɲôգǵ֮ս棬߶ңɱѧԺѧӣ׽̣ǱԺУݣ
ǰʲôʥˣѧӣǻѧҪ˵ЦˣԺ֪¶ƣ̭ѧӣ
ǷƿڴЦŷԺһй涨˽ʮҶʲôѧӣʲôԣЩʿУ̶֥㲻ϣЩС֮ϣǳĨɱУն٣̤ɵ
ߣԺɣаµģ棬ֺ֪֣οҪǿأ
ЦȻ£ȴǱգսթЩνа
ʵ£ȴթգ޶˽ǰһף˺һףֶ˻Ҫɶ
죬ͿŰɣ㣬ȡ
޿̣˫ֲϴһطӡʱڿռγһƬָ棬ָޱȣǧֱ䣬ѹ
ɽӣ
ﶯ󸫣ͷǿΪһȥϴӭϣͷſٵ
䣡
һޱȷظֱƿָ磬ָȻûͣ˱ͷǿݻٵһƬ棬˲·ռ֮ϡ
оһǧ˫ֵĶħ趯ָ⣬ſռ͵ػץһָ⣬һΰѿռץһѷ졣
ǿֲôһݴ½ʿҲֲһУ½ܵشֹѾǷֶΣ
ҲǸǵǼԼǿһȥ԰ݴ½һԨҪʮȥݴ½ͳѣ
֣һһԳԳ˷硢ҮɺЩһסǿٱ˵ᡢΪҲ¡ڵҲͻɾʣýҲɳֱ뺷
ۼ֤桢ǿ߽֣ҶȸоԼСһǿߣһҶȼҲǶ֣Ȼǰǲʹôǧͼ칭컯ȭЩֶ¡
ݲ˵桢ӡһʮҶȼҲǶ֣ɾͨ쾳ٱǷ˵ĸ࣬һվõľˣһվڴصķˡ
ɾҶ˵ʮңԶͨ쾳ҶĿǰҪĴأһ޵ͨ쾳ҶȲʸ̤ɣ޵ͨ쾳ҶҲɾǿߣǣɾǿ߽֣ɾ
桢˵ǿߣҶȾ͸о󺣣ԼһҶСۣλǿһ֣ҶֻСۣͻ֧飬ڴ
ɷѸ
һ֮κιһڵ¿ռ䣬ֲǧΣʳ֣˭ûȡƣǿߣҪڶʱ֣ܶʵ
ڣֻ֮ӰɳҧгݣͻȻ󸫣ɾǿ߼ָʳָָ֮䣬һһӶָڴһ
ˡ
ϾȻһŷʲôھѣڲռҲ΢΢ζ
ȲסҪԸ桭ʱˣĪȻҲʱǱţɣһ
ռз֮УҶȻʥǹʥǹһʥ֮ǹ޼᲻ݡ
ҶȺȻռ䣬ܵϢڼѱ䣬ͷʩչͨ˾ͷ˫Ҳֹͣʥǹ֮С
죬ȻҪǾ㿴ҶĽϾ磬վ۷ǿߣҲж󣡡
ȷ˺ף˫΢΢ͷػףɻȻԵȴйš
ɷѸʮ
͵סһӡ󸫣ͷŻϢֻ˫趯󸫣³죬֮ƣһ
꣡
ȥΪģֱ߶ƽƬգȻңδκοռ춯Ҳκǳգףûκ仯
ԾһǾ춯أɵͨҸоնһ
һ̣Ȼû춯Ҷռз֮УȻоһɻϢڲϵ죬ƾֻƾоӦ
Ժ£ֶΣӦôǵɸ֮ģĽǿߣ
ΪɾǿߣͲɷǧ̼䣬ɫ˲䡣
ǡ
Ȼڳӿռ䣬Ƕ˿ʼȻռһѷ죬ĺۼϼ죬ɱȥѵĿռ䣬׻𣬳һй⡣
ȥƬǳռʱǺۣǧٿףĿռƬһһΪй⣬ճʮѷ죬̾ʮֻޣ͵ڵĿռ䡣
ʵ
֤ǺۣҶȾİƾνٵأҲˣɾʿֶΰ
һȥȻգ˾޴ռʣֶΣҶĪ
棬ɸޱȣһƷеļƷϷ׷ҲǴɸ֮ģ꣬ϷһֱûʩչΪûжֵʹž棬Ļ𣡡
أǲмһЦӸ¸ֳ־޸˾һ޵սòη


309 
ȷǿ󣬲Ժ¼ͷ죬վ֪ʲô죬ˣ
ʮۣʲô֮ܣ
ֱһ㣬ʮѲ죬ռľ޴ۣͻأشһ˫ֻƳһתػףʼ˫֣ǻ֮ϣȻһâ
âԽԽ࣬ػײӣһ̣ǰһֱһػɵĶƣڶ֮ϣâȻʼըͷųһң̸̼ڶ֮ϡ
һȥƳΪңҽ滺ʣطں֮У˵Źϻġ
ͣ
޴ð׻ҶƣͷŵĻ棬ֱڻ˿ռ䣬˲䣬ʮ۴ѿռ䣬һ龵棬
ѣ
ʮ۴ռ䣬ػ͵غҶƣǣʮۣȻ˲ҶΧֹͣһۿʼһɹɻɣʮۣʮ׳
⡭ʲôףܴ簡Ϊռ䶼ΪףΪοռ䲻ȼգ
𾪡˼鿴һĻ΢΢ֶΣȻû˿ãԷ׾һУ֪پʿｻ֣δսܡ
һص׽̴ʿͻȻðӵоĽΪӵһֶΣǹػףǻףûзȼգںϿռ䡣
϶Ƿȫѹ½編ɻ־׿ռ䣬տռ䡭
һĻҶҲʩչȻɣȫ½͵ȷ֮ϣûطѹЩ˵Ӧɽ磬ص׽̣Ȼ½編ںϵ£½編ƽ⡣
޵С
ɽλ׽ǿᣬһ棬Ȼӵ˭֪ǧ»жּǿߡ
죬ҵǰֻ·һ޻·㿴ʲôǾںυd磡
͵һ磬һصʼעӳʮ֮У˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮںƬռ䣬ʮ˲ʧƬռͻȻΪ׷âֱӳƶȻȻ
ɶ񡭡
ڿռƶһ̣͸оͨѾܿģƶռ䣬ֻҶӵдǧͼ
ҪƶռΧ˲ɳȥǣƬȿռ䶼ƶٶ֮죬һɹǿѹߣͱ¶ȸߵĿڻĿռΧ
ңƬռ£Χ֮󣬾Ȼʼ̬˶Ŀռ䣬ȻһŶĿȵҺ
ռз֮УҶͷð麹Ȼӿ죺죬ҲҪѲƤҮɺԳ˷ɶǿߣҲ̱һг׻ɱ
һ
ͻȻҿռ͵һ¿ռ˲䶼Ϊ֮һǴȼյҿռ䣬һĿĹʥʢâ
ʢâһֱֻ֣˺ҿռ䣬ץһ󶴣ţҿռһ类ʢâɣ߽⣬ǧٿףݵһһֱӴӴ󶴼졣
˫ͫĹ⣬üͷһ壬Ϊ㵣ȻЦ죬Ҿ֪㲻װ䣬ѵղĪǾԺΪǿ󣬴ɼġԪ
ȷǱԺΪĵԪֻ¼𣬲ʸôǷڱԺǰҲʲô
ͷһУ߽ǹͨʮ㣬緢ŷ᲻٣ӶɸٴעطӡУ׼
Ԫ̩λ½綥֮һ죬ҵȷС㣬һ㸩˵ͷ
߽ҿ񱩿ռ֮УһػףȻ˷ҶȡС
ԪԺȻȾֻԪɼһʮֲ
Ժ̩λ꣬ʷ̩ǸʱҪã֪ô꣬϶ֶͨΡ
ҶŶԺҲʮ˽⣬ȴδԪĪȻҲδ˵Ԫֻɾͷᡢּʸ֪
ҶȻţԺԺԺôãһвپֶΪ˲֪һؽ춯ء
棬ղʮκβ㣬һС
ɷѸʮ
Ȼûд·磬ƽǹҿռ䣬ƺԪôҪǿſ
֮䣬ЩϢΪȣһֱ̣˵ƣעɸ֮Уɸг֣һͷųռ
ɷѸʮǰʩչʮؽ춯أ
ɸ͸ǿϢڼзռеҶȣҲͷŸǿΧɲ뱻Ľǿͨ

Ƭռ䣬һγѷ죬һһƬռ䶼ǣ˲ǵ鿪ʮۡ
ȷǳǿ󣬲죬ģҾ㳹׷ڻ
ճʮ֮ٶȣҪϮڵĿռ䣬ͻȻƳҶƣΪһ׷ſϢѸ͵ռ
Ҫòݣ˭һأ˭ҪԷնɱ
Ҷʱ׼ţ桢У϶Ǿ񣬻˲Ϣ֮䡣
ǬΪã
վƬʮǰͻȻͷŶĿף˲գʮ۸ûе֮ǰ۾ȿռ侲ֹ
䣡
һΣ滯ʮĽֻһɣңվ۷֮ϣֱӶŶʮ׿ռһȭȥһұըռ䶼ΪƬ
ͣ
ŵŵš͵̲סˣͣһ̣ҲȲͻһѪͷǿ赲ΧһɸԵشݻһơ
죬µɣǬһ
Ѫ֪ԷܵһƣһлƬ˲գȫƣ˫һɣҪѣ͵һ硣
ݡ
׹գһۻΪһָֻſĻ״֣һ磬˲䳯ѹȥ
ʮۣϷ
ӶɸѹȰĻ̶ָ֣һ󸫣һһ󸫣һŻΪһĻԽԽŨ
һ̣ǻֱָӶŹĻѹ
ͻͻͻ䣡
״ֱӺѹĻ֮ϣϵѹǿѹƣѹĻ³ڹĻ죬Ҳ֪£ҲҪγƤ
꣡
âѹ¿ռƽι̿ռ֮ϣռ䣬羵˲飬¶ǿͷĵ硣
ͷǱʹõ죬ҵõǳնɱʱ̣
߶ʮһչ˫ۣһӥֱȥ
ɷһ˵ۣͳͳɣ
һָ̣ʧȥĻ֮УͻȻһ˺Ѳһѷ죬ֱ˻ָ֣һлףңһ˵ۡ
һ˵ۣȻ޵˳˺Ѵݻٿռ䣬һֱ֣ץ档
һӰͻȻ۷ǿҪ磬ȡ棬ҧгݣȻŭСѲ죬㻹лᣬȻҷֱʹ»Ȫ
ᣡ
Ƿӡǿӡʵ򲻿ʹôǧͼ룬ҲʮΣգ췢Ǵ߶ƣռ󷨾ǴըʱͷҶʣ
칭
ҶͻȻվһʱĪȻȥϢȻһץֳ˳һɵ칭ţһĻƽɫʮɵĹʥǹٿȻ֣Ҷȴ칭ǰ
ڷӡ󷨿ռǿ£ȫƻʱ̣˶ãͻᱻʩչƣ޲󷨣ʱҪϢܡ
칭Ϣϼʥǹ֮Уһɾ޴Ҫʥǹһں̫칭ƷĹʥǹж

ȷŭ棬ǿĹһŻķһף˲䳯˳ȥ
ʱ򣡡
ҶͻȻһ¿ռ䣬󷽣ǰ죬һߣҶȽ칭͵ش߶칭ʮɳĹʥǹ˳ȥȻҶʧ
ʲôϢ
ոǵӡǿĻ׷ͻȻоһëָоڱŵҪһ
͵תͻȻһʥסˣǵ⻮գֱӰų


310 ½
¡
桢ֱգױըռҲըһУռ䲻ڲڷ𶯣Ҫ׹䡣
ա
ٿٿ
Ŀռ·޾ʱĪȻһɳֶ־ֶ·޴۴߶־һֲ¹־
źذεһһǶڴ𣬱һƷ־գ۾ˡ
һһ䣬־ͷųԽ˰ֶΣˣⳡֱǾϺһһգ۹޴Ƕڴ־Ѵ֮ȡ
Ȼڶʳĸ֣˭ɣѹ
һӰϷձը֮УȻɳһŭ棬ɫ԰ףһ֣ӳ֣·ʱ䣬ոպ־ĪȻһƴȥ
ˣ
ĪȻԭأĽѹ£͵ƣͿҪѹ⣬ըĪȻȫ޷ߣһǲܣΪֲƣѾƿ·пռ䡣
˲ƿ˾޴ռ䣬ɾʿʵ
޷ߣʩչɳ綷ҲܣĪȻ˫ۣ鶼챬ѣԼҪֻ֮£оһֻӬ㱻һģͳࡣ
ߣ
ͻȻĪȻƽռ䣬һĶ֣Գ䲻֮ƣ磬ֱƿնץСһĪȻץģȻವһĶ־ͽռʧ
ͻͻͻ
ǵƣߵĿտϣһԨȴûаĪȻػһͨͽΪߣȻĽ޵ߡ
ɶ񣡡
̣ӶȭֱӾͰĪȻʧƬпռ䣬һȭ飬ƬأȴĪȻӰ
ɶ񡭡˭˭˭ôǿʵȻ˵ң
֣Ѫķ֣վڷŭĽ׿ףվ̩λ۷Ȼһ͸ģҪʱ赲¾
Ľףжǿ󣬰֮壬κθ߼ȻܱһɾʿҪһоͻٵһƷҲܣ֮²
棬Ȼᱻ˰һ˭ҶҪ׷ٵϢߣ濪ʼһץռͳͳץ֮С
ģĽ׾ͷȻǰ߱ڶôʵȥ
ಡ
ȻߣվͷͻȻ磬һһңΧ
棬Ȼ߱Ժɣλʦ£ͣҲֻ·һ
һǱ죬ʧը߳һٱ£һѪˣֲ˫ң˼䣬Ǵӵ١
ߣ죬Ҷ˿ӣ类˶ˣҳ֮ˣ쳣ƻ˷۱
Ľ׸Ȼһʮ㣬ȫںơ
ΣҪ߻ˣλʦܣ˺ǽթǿᣬңսʮ
ܵıŭȫͷų棬趯ɸʼһ
ˡҺüʱһ
ռз֮УҶĪȻһסûܷǣĪȻһ¡
Ǵˣ뿪ʱ˵桭˵ʲô֮ͨǵĴڣ
Ҷһɨڿռֽ֣ңȻֵܷزǿҶһ麹ڿռ𶯣ɱ֮ʩչǧͼĿ궨׼ڲԶһŻ
ಣ
˲䴩գͽ򾧱ϵȻӼųͽɶһƬͿήԴڸɾ
ڵǷ桢ǳżĴأҶĪȻ߳ܺһˣҶȲ̾˿Σգ
ͨȻ˵Ľ¼޵ǿߣҪǴȥ˶λ棬ˣ־
ĪȻֱػһ̾һĪȻɣ̻־
ңһӦõõģ
ĪȻҶͷֱ̫Ӵ־ڣƷƷʹ֮УǶͻƽ°빦޷
лˣ
ȻͷĪȻֻõһƷ˵Ѿǵõر㣬ͻͨ쾳߽ףٶɹϣӡ
ңƷƷȼкܸ߼߼ǳӴһͼͨƷļĪȻͻƵͨʮףҲ֮ߡ
ΪĪȻ̤żǰһ
ĪȻ־˵ĺܣˣһڼڣ̤ͨ쾳߽ףǧңϣ̤ɾ
úһṩƷҪ߼ղ׽̴ʿԺϹŶ˽ĻҪٱǧ׽ǻʵɽλңٲΪʹߣһλʹߣӵʵ̩λ棬ݺ޵֣
Ҳǧ꣬׽ͻṫȻԺΪУζԺңֻС¼ѣ׽ķƾԺ޷赲ԺΪʷѾʼֶԸ׽̣Ҫͳһ̩λ棬½ǧλ棬ߣΣҿɲҵļѣΪΪĽͽū
ζȡ̣Ҷܿ϶ĪȻһΪԼ£ЧԼԾͲöӣ˵׽ͽ϶͸Ժ֮УҪ취Уʣ㲻õõ׽ʹ߲࣬㣬Ժй׽̳׵٣
ǣһΪ˸ͿأңҲϣˡΪūĪȻ̬
ҶȺ⣬ĪȻҪϾ˭ҲĳΪҴ¼ԿĪȻǴһЩ˽ģҪõ
һĪȻϢصͽԺѹҵĴ󲿶ӿʼغϡ
桭ȻҲ㷭һ죬Һûб¶ǰ¶ݣ϶ǧټƶԸң
λĽǿ߽֣·ʵѾףԺЩ߸£Ķ֣
һƬҰĳͽԺһֱսǳ֮ȥֳֶΣѾڷˣǰ֮սͷһݴ½̼ɱ飬ݴ½Ҳ׾١
ǿ󡭡ڵҲͻɾӵΪµʸصȻû桢Щ޵оͷǿ󣬵ҮɺԳ˷ɶǿߣ󣬿ɶ񣡡
һ̣һɲõԤҶ𣬾޴ĵ죬һһвͨ쾳ǿߣǵ죬Ľ޵е棬һǧ䡣
Щһʡ͵ĵơ
û뵽桭һͳݴ½ƻǵýУֻҪݴ½ȫı䣬бԴȫٰ֮ݴ½һƫԶϢȫ졢Ѳ飡
ƺڤڤ֮ע죬桢Ҷȶǳݴ½ҵ棬϶ӵݴ½Ժ޷иȥģҪ벻׷٣׸ֻнݴ½ԴȻݴ½
ҶҪΪݴ½ΪһֱؿɱֶΣһɹҶΪҡֱϣһ㣬ǣôʱ䣬̤ɾš
򣬳Ϊ֧֮ıԴʲô΢ըʣӵǳ֮УصǲҳܵҪԿף̩λ棬һǿߣ٣Ľס߽Ϊľͷпܡ
죬ͨ쾳һ漣̩λ浮ֻһˣҪһҲɾ
֮ãȻΣգȴջƷһƷϣһǶݴ½֮Уݴ½͸ףƷ׻ı½ʣݴ½ô£ҲûеһƷ
ӳͽһƻȻƮںƫƧһǿգݴ½ڡ
꣬½̫ҵ۹֮£صǬߵ󣬷ڵأ
ҶͷŴǧͼͼʼ׼ǺӣָʧҶȻǾûصݴ½գһӣ˾ûǳ֮С


311 
ƫƧ֮Уһͨľɫ½һžƱʯǶ½ݴ½
ݴ½ܱߣâǵȲ򣬲Щ򣬶ԵҶݴ½ȼҪ߳һء
էȻȥݴ½׹ޱλԨ
ݴ½Ϊĺһݣĺ½ݰΧڱ֮Ưһ½Ϊ½
½֮ϵߣյţҲ᰷ڣ̫ҵ۹һӵʿľ޴۹ֻ۹ʵСûκͨ쾳ǿߣֻٵĿɾʿ
Ϊһ֮ҶԶܵʮڰӵΪʿӡȨһߣ̫ҵ۹þ
½ӵʮ޴ǳأɰ֮ƣ̫ҳӵأ̫ҳǾ̫ҵ۹ǡ
ڣƽʱž̫ҳǻʹͻȻͷӿӿ۹߲㽫١үһһۻʹɾʿҲ½ĺϻΪ죬̫ҵ۹ߣعˡ
ϢǸذը̫ҵ۹ը˹ȻҶԶǵ۹ʹ󳼣һͨʿ֪̫ҵ۹ˣնɱɾͷĺȻԿ棬Ҷȡ
̫ҳǵԨ̫ҵ۹أǬߵ֮Уʮλ̫ҵ۹վ֮УԾҶȷȴš
ҶԶܽվǰһ̫ҵ۹һǹĸܵʮڲϹ
ҶҶ죬ӣҶȻҶҶȵľ˾࣬ѶԶŮԪء뾣Ȼ̫ҵ۹ʸɡ
һʮλˣ̫ҵ۹Ҫȫÿһˣ̫ҵ۹Ȩƿˡ
Σ
һֱžǬߵ󣬺ȻһƵ𶯣˾ϲտȥֻһƵΰӰӺʱ֮߳
ȶ
ҶԶܽޣһʱӭȥûȹâɢȥͽסҶȣһڣһ̳ŨŨ֮Уʮ˶쳣ж
һʺ߶֮ҶȲźʸɵһһ棬겻ŨŨһֱɢȥ
Щһ·Ҷ߹¿Σ绯⣬ʿ˵ֲʲôһ֮ҶȾ£뿪Ǭߵعأ̫ҳǡ
ڣĴ󳼡ʿڴ֮ȺÿּЩ˴󲿷ֶδҶȣҲ֪ᷢʲô¡
֮УҶԶܽȻϷ֮ϣڣʱֻаʮˣʮλŮԵЩյ˽̫ҵ۹֮Ҷȿʼó߼ҩЩҩͨ쾳ʿãοʸɣҶԶҶЩɾʿ
ͳһ£Ϊҷëϴ裬
ҶȰһſ鵤ÿ˺󣬽վ鵤˫һ֣һɴԽĸ߼ʼÿȥڣ߼֮ڷڣ
ʱ̫ҳǶˣʿŴƣԪڷڣһŹʶĿʥʥıʯ
һǳصʿֵ̫ܵҳǣǳҪ֪̫ҵ۹ᷢ¡
ž
Ǵ֮Уʮ֮Уһըϣÿɫʹ࣬Ѫë֮ǵĹǡϸһ̱ըʱ⣬߼ӿ
ɾƣ
ͻȻۣվñֱԡڸ߼ʥ֮Уһ˫ͫ˹ؽһֲɴ٣һ٣ǿ¶Ҫݻ٣ɴٿҪһ̡
Ȼһֻ޵дգɴһץд˲䣬ʲôٷһһ顣
찡޵а٣ֱӱһк飬ֱͨ쾳ͷͨ
ɴ٣½гǳǿߣһһϷһֻ֣׾ٶŲһץɴ٣ͳˣһ⿪ʼ٣һӵʵǿҪˡ
ʮأƣɾͻưɣ
֮ڣһλͻɾֱɾ󣬾Ҳ֮վһ
ҶҶԪЩˡҶԶܽҶ졢ЩҲһһͻɾ̤ɾ
̫ҵ۹ǳأʿ𺳵֮ϣֳֻˣ׵ضɴ٣һץһɴپͳ𣬶ɴһһʮɴ٣ֻ֣ץӰ١
գʧȥɴϢһ̣̫ҵ۹ֶʮλɾǿߣ̫ҵ۹ʵ߲١
û뵽Ҷ죬ȻҲͻɾһ죬˼鰡ҶңϵȱҲûͻɾҲɾ
ڣҶһͻɾɹͿЦ˴Ӱʮģ˲һλֻʮˡ
ⷬȷʵģҶ棬ֻеɾǿߣɾҶȻ˴棬ɾɾ
Ҳû뵽̤ɾһ죬ңҵһԶŮͬʱͻɾ
Ҳһ̾Ҳ᲻٣˵֮Ԫأͫ¶޸
ʣɾɾѾݳ޵λ룬ԴӼ̫ҵ۹ⲻʮڼ䣬ҡֱϣͻƵɾ޵ɾζ顣
ͻɾ޵ɾɾ˵е߾磬ڣ׵żô̾䡣
ԪضЩ΢ڵѣţ˵ʮ̤ɾ̤ɾҲܣڣɾŶá
û뵽Ҳһ죬̤ɾȶȶĹͣ
֮ϣǿʢ߼ҶԶܽҲһ·ͻƣ̤ɾᣬӵһУΡ
֣ʸ֣ǽʱһͻɸ߽ף
ҶͻȻһֱûжʸɣˣɾΪĽף⼸Ǭߵ֮ͻƵףʸɵ磬Ҳס
õҶӳ֣ҷëϴ裬׸ıʣһһɾ߼ڿһͨ쾳ʿңڸ߼֮УдԣǵĽһ̣ҲĪʱ䣬ӵԣͻͨ쾳Ҳ롣
ͨ쾳ݴ½ֵͼ½޵Уÿɾʿ룬ݴ½ͨ쾳ǿָɾ
塢Ƶͻưɣ
ͬʱ䣬ʸǿߣȼ໥ײĦܻ棬У˿
󣬰߼Ҷƿأӿ֮Уϼӳ֣Խǿʢžը
ɸ߽
ҶЩ˷׷ΧΧͻƣ޷һϢ棬ǣֱ
һ罣ֱ͸ӿۣ֮־̫ҳΧ̫ҵ۹ɾʿֹʸˣбҶȷ᰷λɾʿԬڡФ峾ȵȡ
ŴɵӣҲҶһڣЩʿͬʱо߽Ϣͻƣ˵ĽּɵЩɾʿҶи߸ϣ½Ҳȷ߰Ĵڡ
ڣΪ̫ҵ۹ҲԹԣ̫ҵ۹ǵõϺ÷вٵҩҲӦоУ᰷ڻţƵġ

һɸ߽ͻֱӳ
ס߽ס˽סͻ֮󣬻ʸֹͣ˴ֱͻư˽ףǲ˼飬ֶΣһͨ쾳ǿ߶
ǳ
ǵøߴͣϻе̣ͻɰ˽ףһɷݺᣬһըһ֣֨֨죬Ӳʯ顣
ɰ˽ס
ǿƣʸ侲࣬ǣһ˷ܣ֪ľⱲҪԵľǾǸҶȡ
âݴ½Ҳʮͷʸɾʹɰ˽ףٶȣ˵ʸɲţҲδŹٶȣһУҶȴģûҶȣڻֻâ۹һ޵λĽѡ
λھʹʿ֮УѡһЩʳڵӣصЩʱһһλ޵ǿߣݴ½ƬߣȻһͳݴ½ʲôšʵڡ᰷ڡӵҪ˳˳ͳͳݴ½ֻ̫ҵ۹ڣ֮һݴ½Ϊ̫Ҵ½ȻΪ򣬳Ϊ̫򣡡
ΪˣҪֵӣҪΪ򣬻Ҫһͳ̩λ棬ʲôԺԺԺκε۹ɡ򶼶̫˳
ڴ½Ϊһ̣ÿһˣõôǻһһͻͨ쾳зˣΪӵʵʿӵи߼ΪʥأЩ룬λҪԭ򣬼ƻδڣʵּƻӴ˿̿ʼƻʼж
˽õ޷õ֮ҶȵԼعƻⷬһڣڳÿ˶ǣҶȲǿտڶ̸ҶչֵʵѾġ


312 ƻ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷټ̫ҵ۹ʿʸյѡӣӷ˵ɡɲȣҶҶЩͻɾһֱǱǬߵ֮С
ʿӿ֣ţȴָҶѡʿȻֽʸѡΣɸѡϸʿ̭Щ̭ʿҲǳԽһ˵׿Խһ̫ҵ۹ĵõص
ϸӣһˣʿһ˺ϸ̣ʣĶǾӢȻȲԺּ𣬵ݴ½Ҳһһʳڵӡ
Ҷټһʿӷɵɾ粻ȣЩʿŵӣЩݴ½Сط̩ͣλ棬ȴֵһᣬһҶȰѴ½ΪЩҰޣɾͲ
ݴ½̫ͼ̩λײ㣬½ʱȲ򡢴½ݴ½ʿȻҲһأһΪȼٲΣﵽ̩λ߼״̬
ʱ̫ţԴԴΪʥأҲǳ¡
ҶȶԴʿѡһʿʮ⣬һʿһƬɽϸĵع֮УȻ󣬿ʼΪһʿëϴ裬ʯǶ֮У߼
һʿͬʱ׳٣ֻͨ쾳ǿߣҶȻףʵѾͨ쾳߽ףϱӵǿֶΣҪͬʱıһʿʣ׾١
ϣʯ󷨣ҶֻͷŸһʿʵԴھ
ҶԶҶЩΪҶײۼ֤ҶһˣΪ̾ʵû뵽̶ʮ깦ҶȾȻӵһΪѷеķˣȻһԾΪ½ǿߣҪͳһһ޵
һʿѡҶҲƻʼÿ۹ҪʼֹҶЩǿߣҲֹͣÿ˴ʿʼҶȲõ꣬󷨡
½Ϊģ󣬾ݴ½ƻһʼʿͿʼ󷨣һ󻺻鲼½ķ߶󷨣Ϊݴ½
һ½⿿һǺɵġ
̫ҳ֮£عǬߵ
ʱֻҶȻػ̫¯ԱߣһһС
ǬߵɾõģҪʵǬߵʮ׾٣
һץһƷƷƷʯˮһӿǬߵ֮У֮࣬۶Ҷȿʼʩչӡʼӳִ֮УǬߵҶȲϼӳ£ģߣһչһ㣬죬𽥰̫ҳǣ½ķӡ
һ½֮һ޴ǬߵҶͨ£Ļ̫ҳǵع֮С
󷨽ϣҶȿʼıعǶ̫¯ⶦ̫¯ʮɸߣҪṩʿ̫ߣ׽⡣
Ҷȿʼӳ̫¯ԴԴϵ̫עУǧӡ̫¯ʮɱɰɣֱǧɲͣ£һȥ̫¯ŷǻ磬֧½
̫¯Ǭߵ󣬴ػ¯¯ṩ½ԴҶǶʯ̫¯֮Уڣ½Ԫ֮ǰ˰ٱ
ɲǼ䣬ʵھҸı䣬ÿˣһ͸оȫ泩κβʹ̼ʧˣǧһһѿٻĵؿʼԪѱ䡣
ջĻʿ̫ҳǵ½ܱߣһ޴㱣½߼Ԫʿһ͵ǰһ꣬Щ߼ṩܸıʣʿʲϵؽ
飬ʯҲԪÿһҲ½һʥء
ʲôˣôҵΪһͻɾвʦãһһ˲ͻƼ磡
̫ҵ۹߽һ޴ǳ֮Уһλǳƿߣ߸ߵվڳǽ֮ϣһλ˹󸾣һ£½ɱ֯¸ĸԣվһλŮ
֮֯һ¸󣬵Ҷ֮󣬾ֱӷɽ֣һǳأ¸ǳƿߡ
½ķ仯긾ŮޱȣԱλŮٴʵ½һ˴£
в֪۹߲㴫ϢһǰҶȻˣҪ׼ͳһݴ½ҪѴ½Ϊ򡭡
ţΪĳЦǣ㿴ڴ½ʣȫ֮ǰһݴ½߼ĵطҶȵȷҪͳһ½û뵽ʵǿ󣡡
¸ׯŲԪڷڣһȣֶͨΣıһ½ʣֶΡ
Ѵ½򣡡
¸ôһ˵Ůʱ𾪣ֱ񻰣½ܽ򣬼ԣˣҪжôǿ
ˡԹ㣬¸֣֮ȴû뵽¸ÿΪӣռһʥأɾʲôͨ쾳Ŀꡭ
¸ͻȻˣ˼
½ϽɽһƬһ޴ΰڳɽ֮еĳǳأӰڹ
߳輧﹨վڳǳظƵıϷվǿߣ󲿷ǶϽɽҲɽ½ͳͳڶϽɽ
ϽʧڶϽɽڲ뽮˵Ͻǣǰǳصİٱ½ʮ£޵ôʥǿߣʮˡ
½ͻȻѱ䣬öϽΧǱһһԪͳͳͻƿ޵ôʥתΪΣеСʼ޳ɲޡ
һ۱䣬춯أһͷͷ޴ڹϽ֮쳤Х½½΢΢𶯡
߳輧﹨ΪҲͻƣԭΪ߳ߣףڣһͬͻףɾ͸߽ɣʵ嵮ɾǿߣٽǧˡ
һǧޣ½ѱһ̣ͬʱɾѿǻΡ
ڡλֵܣҶȾǵˣӴˣֻĳߵøãԶ
߳輧﹨ߣ˴˶һۣڣ½Ҷǿͨ£ɾڸ㲻ʲôҶȵĸ߶ȣѾǣ߳վڱۣ֮Ͻɽ崫
ˣ
һʱ֮䣬ϽɽʿŲ񷣬ź飬½ÿ䣬˰ն
ź̫ҵ۹ÿˣͬܣһͬףϳ飬̸һε֮ʼۣСˡˡʿްеһһľ½飬ڸжϹҶȣһεϵسҶӿ

½عҶȺȻֹͣӳڤڤ֮Уһ⡢ʥԴӿúͽҶȵ壬ɲǼ䣬ҶȸоԼ½
½½½κ飬Ҷȼ׼ȷӦһһľɼ
ţҶȷ½ԴԼһӦÿ俴ұԴҲգƿء
еˡең½Ҳң
Ҷ΢΢ۣоԼ޴󣬿Է䵽ÿ䣬ֺ½һ֣Ҳ½оʮ
ϴʱĵδлָĲ١ָʵ˵ɣ
ڰ½ٴθı䣬õ½ϿɣҶڸоЩƣڵعһץʼչ֣һ죬ѱ䣬̺˵Ҷȿʼݴ½Դյָ
ǰòԺͽ򣬴桢޵оͷУʱ˴ص½ûüָͣϢظ½ֻɾҶ˵ȻǼ£ĵҲʮֲֿġ
֮е˴Ҷһ߼ԴԴңݴ½
ʱԳ𵤡ʱˣ
һͻȻҶӿаԳʬ壬һŽ𵤣һſȿռϢԳ
ɾһ׵Ϣ˼飬ǿʢԣȽ֮ԨĲ
ȻɾһףҲӵ֮İɣɣֻһ֮ң̤ɽ߽ףܳΪˣ֪ɵжôǿһȻҲ
Ҹ
Ҷһץס򣬽⿪ӡɾǿչˣԳƺһϵ򣬾ȻʵҲ࣬ҶȵҪǿһ֡
򣬵ȻܷŹֱգһץͳǶ򾧱ϵ֮УҪȫںϣҲҪһʱ䡣
𵤡ƣҲһѵõɷ
գҶȿʼɾһ׽𵤣Ž𵤱ҶȵĽ𵤻Ҫ̣䣬һӡ


313 ƽ
һ˼Ľ𵤣Ҷȵǰͣתһɾ߼˳
Щ΢Ҷÿһһϸ΢;һԼ΢ɾ΢ˣôһŽ϶о޴ͻҶǺεȵǿ󣬿λǿߣҪƾһŽкܴͻơܡ
ʮּ̣ɾǿҪգҲҪʱ⣬ҶǰҲһ칦
ȻԳһ׽𵤣ҶȲüɵһɶѽ֮С
ǱӱŽ𵤣һĵѾ׵ȫָԳɾͬ죬Ƚ֮߳ͻ״ﵽɰ˽סŽҲ£
ڵҶȣоЦʮֲֿɾޣֱӻһץͰԳʬ˹ƯϷ
Ҷûеõ񼣴֮ǰѪ壬ҲһߵʱҶȾͿɸߵʿԶǿҶУСһȻ˸оЩа񣬵ܴӵϻȡаʲô
ҶԸǸҵĳЩˣȴڳʱ˭ԵĶࡣ
˻˻
һɾԳͷųλʿӵλĸ߼һգֱӵǿߣλйඥָоһ᲻
ɾϢȷɾӣѪϸ̺˸߼Եɾһλһλǿͻɾ߽ײ£
յԳһ̣ҶϸڲڻȸԾҶȵһ޵׶ʼԳ
ҶǿԳһǿ߱ҲضãҪ߳һأÿһԳλҶȵͷһʥ⣬ϸɣѪ
ԳһǿȻʼСɾһ߸ʬѪϸλͳͳرҶĸɸɾһδʣ£֮΢Ҳȫա
꣡
եøɸɾһ˿ʣĸʬ΢΢𶯼£Ҷǿ£˲飬Ϊһ۳
ɾһʿѾǰ֮壬ȻҲܲסҶȼգԭԳʬ֮У겻绯ģڣҶ⣬һߣʬһ߸壬һΪ촷ۡ
Գʧ֮УԳ˷磬ɶǿߣҲҲ׷鲻һ˿Ϣ
ͻƵɰ˽ף⣬Щʱ䣬Ҫȷӡʱã
𵤣Ҷѻָȫڣͻɸ߽ײ⣬ҶһҲżɾôͻƣҶʵҲ̫ͨ쾳ɾѶȸǧٱ
ֻͻͨ쾳ҶȲܿʼоʵڵڴһƿֻڴͻͨ쾳һ̡
Ҷͻɰ˽סŽסʮףҪԿͨ쾳߽Ҳκ£ƾʵҶȿնɱͨ쾳˽סŽͻʮףնɱͨ쾳ŽаٷְٰգҪԸͨ쾳ʮЩѡ
ȻѾǸ漣ʮ׶Կͨ쾳ʮףκηԽǵҲﲻ
ҶͷֶΣʩչɱ󣬼ϴǧͼնɱɾһסײ£칭ɱɾҲпܣǰͽҶȾ칭Ľ׾ͷףѾ칭֮¡
ʱҶȲûʩչȫͷ칭Ҷһնɱ졢治ǲܣȻҶȻûвǿߣҶȾͻ߶ȫ칭նɱҲǲܡ
ƷôԵɽλ棬ǶҶȾ̫ͣնɱ졢档
ݲ칭Ҷ֮еǧɵĴвһƷеƷҪܰնɱҲ׾١
½ˣڣҾ͸Ӧһ£ݴ½Դʣݴ½㾧ٺηֻе϶ߵһݣһȫռͻ׵õݴ½Ͽɣǿݴ½ҪĴ
һץһҴСݺ㾧ץУһʥעУȻʼһһ죬ݴ½ƶһظӦ
ݴ½ȻСĿâСʮ֮һϹʱγɣôյ˵ݴ½㾧ӦҲ᲻С
ҶΪҪ͸ݴ½ÿһ䣬׾٣ֻҪһʱѣϾ־ȷӦҪĵġ
ݺ㾧Ҷ˫֮У΢΢زҶͰ㾧ȴûȫںϣƬһһֻҪܾۼ󲿷ֺ㾧ں֮Ҫõݴ½ϿɣҲ¡
꣬ѩ͵һݺ㾧񣬿һ飬ղˣһݴ½ͻı½ʣ㾧Ҳȫѱ䣬ǿ飬Ҳûϵ
졢涼Ǵݴ½ǿ϶ݴ½ϢģǿУʱͻһ治£׽̣ȴǲޣǧˣǳħܶҲûսʤգңǧֻ׽½һʹ߶ѡ
˼ҶȾҪϽݴ½Ҫݴ½ߣƵһ֮УȻٷӡݴ½׸ıʣȫж졢汾Դϵһ½˸ӦԴʧ϶ή١
ҶÿһҪСĽССģȻһߴһСģ棬ҶȾҪһսʱܾˣնɱΣǾǧ䣬ʱһŭݴ½ͻˡ
ˣǧ䣬֮У޵Уûгħ̩ӡһЩʿŶûѹһ׽̡
ҪԿǧ䡢棬ҶȱӵɾΪңҪʱǿʵ֧£Կǧгġ
νݴ½ҪȰѴ½ߣȻӡ֮һͳ½򣬵ʱɱţ϶һЩͷϵ죬һӡݴ½ϢЩǿߣҪϵ磬ܡ
ֻһУܿʼݴ½
ݺ㾧ƬСС弸֣Ȼĺ֮Сٲ֣ʧݴ½Ԩ֮С
죬Ҷջô̶ʱ䣬ҶѾݴ½Сÿ䶼Ӧݴ½Ҳ˽⣬̶һݴ½ĵͼ
˽ݴ½½Ǳġ
ݴ½Ȼĺ½ȻĺΧ֮УƯǧ½һСĺеĺңԶϵ󲿷ֶĺΧЩ࣬ʿһЩϼ壬Ҳʵ
˴½֣ҶҲܵͨ쾳Ϣǧ𣬴ͨ쾳һ׵ײȣͨ쾳ףֻвˣﵽͨ쾳˽׵ģֻʮˡ
Ǻǣݴ½ȻҲСȻżɾǿϢһ棬һףݴ½һɣķ֮УǱɾǿߣǿһɾףǿﰡ
ֲãݴ½ô꣬һֱûбһΪоЩްɣǵĵӣǵĹϵ쵽λ֮У⼸λɾͷ˵һ򣬾ԺҪһͳݴ½Ҳô򵥵£
һ̣Ҷݴ½Ҳݴ½Ϊʷ֮УûбռݣҶȻһ˿ɻǾյƬռ䣬ҶȾȻӦ
ȻҲҶ֮УϾٷְˣôõĿռ䣬ͳԽݴ½ݴ½ѣɾͷҲӦҶȲɾȻҲ
Ҫߴ½½Ҫһ棬ҵķϣһЩ飬ֵˣûҪҲ壡
뵽ǿҶȻ£һˣһĿǰΪֹҶ֮УΨһһλ½ڵˣ̩ӡǧ䡢ħЩǴɽλ潵ġ
ԣ棬Ӧõõ𾴡
ȥ棬Ǿλλǿߣλһ棬ʲôʵɱǿߣڻ½ҲʲôǴ½ˣƿ£ɾ߽׾ͷҲø
űһֱҪռݴ½ҪӦ棬ҸУֻпơ
ơɣ
ƻȫҶȿʼٻԶһˣ֮еĳħԪĽ֮Ԩ֮ڻһʬ塣
ԳħϹŴɶɱǸһɱҲɱǱ̬
ҶٻϾ͵õħظһ͹ڰѽ֮Ԩ֮УȻֱӴ򣬺ɶ
ħ𣬳ƾȻܰѽ֮ԨɽռĴڣڶ̶̼깦򣬾׾򡭡
ҶҡҡͷٴαƵǿ𾪣ͨҶĪҪ֮Ԩǧ䡢̩ӡ涼ܣʵ͸Ӧ̩λκθ߼ռ䣬ôͰѽ֮Ԩ
ǣ֮Ԩúôڣ˵ǣҪ֮ԨҲܣҲЩʵ
ͻͻͻ
ȻǬߵƺʲôͨҪǬߵ˺ѿţһź۵ĳħƿն


314 ټ
޴ͶӰ˲ܰǬߵѹ飬ڳħʱӡȻҶȿӪصعͳ׻ˡ
ߴսĳħƿն߳һ̣عٴξҡ½ҡΡ
ϴ󣬲˼֮ԨδȫĪҪ֣
֪ħŪô춯سȴҶһ˲䣬ֱͯһƤͷһɰص½˲ͰҶȲõǬߵٴ߰ٱ
ٱʲôҶʮ֮ҶԶҶ𡢾Щ˾һһͻɾٴ߰ٱЩ˻ߵʲô̶ȡ
ҶȺܸˣҲ⣬û뵽̶̼꣬ħʵͻֵָزֽкãƣ֮Ԩʵָ٣ܺãðҰݴ½Ϊ򣡡
½̫̩λ棬ȼ̫ͣһףҪԪָߵ򣬾Щѣϴĸɣκѣһһƽʬ壬һûȫںϣϻн֮Ԩĸ߼Ҫ½߼Ҳ£
ħһɨֻһѣħͰݴ½ó׵ףһмغߵ
Ҷȴû飺ⲻǽ򣬶½ߣҪҸʺҪ½Ҫ
½
¿ɺãħҲЩ֣һһɿħ֪ͷųҵָһЩǰ΢ϴǧͼҪһ½šǺѣֻҪ˷Ѳѣ
ϴôǧͼݴ½һƶϣһҲߣοôһС½
תħһš
Ҷ˫ȭһħôģˬ죬֪ݴ½Ҳýˣããô죬Ϣһǹһȥһλˣ棬½ǿߣͳһǾ̿ʼж
棿ˣ
ͻȻڳħϳЦݣüģȻ˸ǵͶӰʱĳħһλħаޱȣˣһˣˣһɱָܻ٣
Ҷһ⾪ϲæʵնɱˣ
ģˣҵʵȻûָˮƽҪɱһλˣڻ£ֻҪķѴ󲿷ѣɱһλˣĵҲֲһССˣʲô
ħ·ħͷԣ˫Ѫ죬ͷħ⣬˵֮䣬ɢϢܰһͨ쾳߽ǿħ
ʱɱк㣬Ժ󣬻вȥնɱ
ҶȺܸˣû뵽ħնɱˣǰҶֻϵħʵδָ޷ԿˣҲκβǣڳħȻûʵնɱˣһλɵ۴ܡ
ħκˣ
ħЦڵعһʼħȥûκ쳣
õƸղһӳ֣ʿͻƣǬߵ󼸺ﵽ½ͬģ
ܵԴԴƼĬĬЩ֮УҶȵ֪аաʿõ޴ôڲѱ䣬̫ҵ۹ͨҪﵽꡣ
ƽ꣬Ƕôֲ֣һһ£ֻɾʿܴﵽꡣ
ʿֱͻƵɾ߽ףɾͻɾ𵤣ͻɾŶ̶̲һ깦ΪҶȵĻع飬̫ҵ۹ʮǿߣ֮ǰ޵ɾǿߣٴͻơ
Ҫͻͨ쾳½ĿǰУͻͨ쾳ʵҪ
һ¾ȥ̫ҵ۹һƬڡ츲ظı֮У̫ҳǵع֮УҶħۼһҶͷųһħ˲롣
˫ͫ侪ħ⣬ħȳ֮󣬳ħѹסħףҶȣҵˣݴ½и߶ˣ뾧ϵںһ𣬷ӡʮأһҲֲˣһλ޵˾ޣӦþ˿е棬Ϊɰ˽ף
ɰ˽סȻˣ
һ㾳ɾɾɾɵ۾ڷ֮У޵ɾʮ֮󣬶ȹ磬ΪɣҪɽλ棬ɾڷ磬ݺ޵С
Ҷȷˣһɰ˽ף˼飬һˣѴ½磬Һ޵ɸ߽ףȻӵɰ˽ףҲвͨ־磬Ҫȥɽλ棬϶޵øߵȼλ
棬Ҳһ츳ͨ򣬲޵߾磬ϧҪͺˣ
ħɭɭЦЦȴҶȵһۣЦǸħȴزˡ
ಡ
˻Ϊһ裬޾֮С
ݴ½ƾϵж֮ϣһƬռ䣬ǺܴȴҲ½Сʸ½ϵߺ϶Ϊһ
ֶΣһռ䣬ݴ½ںϵ
ϵ⣬Ǻ֮УӰֱӴݴ½ɳվ޿ռǰҶһɨ¶־ȣȻŷӡռ亰ǰҶȣǰݼǰ
Ҷȡ
һϵ̫ŴѹããǺ֮Уþûصţţһ޴ͶӰڷӡռɫϵ֮ϣͶӰĳʱգ˫ͫҶһ˲䣬Ϊȣû뵽ɳ֮죬ܺ򣬷ϷĴڣ
ǰϴұʵڡ᰷ڵΧ£ȣδü˵ллֶΪҰǷһ飡
Ҷȭʩ񣬳Ͽл
ϷԵԵֶĺܣÿ˶ʱϷֻ£һƣ˵֮ǳ֮񷡣
ǰ㣬¶ݴ½ƵһƬ򣬶Ҳ֮Ѵ½شǰǰк
Ҷ˵ʮֿȫģ˵֮䣬𾴣浱ǰԴ֮࣬Ʋδȥֵǡô
ƶ½򣡡
էȻ⼸ۣȹӵ棬Ҳ¶𾪱飬Ҫ㣬гԽʵУҶֻһλɣصţǬλֶΡ
ݴ½ݷֻ֪꣬룬ɾҪʮ꣬ǵ־ţȻͻɾҪɾ޵ɾΪˣҪꡣ
޵ɰ˽ףǲ֪ٸʮ꣬Ժʱ仹Ҫƾá
ôʶţپ޾ݴ½ΪûһΪݴ½һˣҲܡ
УܰѴ½ߣ̩λҲָ죬޷ݴ½Ϊ½ΪߣһλĴܣˣԹЩﶼ
ֲôȣҶõŶ̶ʮ꣬ҶȾԲܳɳ֮졣
ãܰѴ½ΪϷûл˵л㣬ΪϷƬռ䣬ݴ½Ҳݴ½˵Ҳһᣡ
Ĭõ棬ۣһԶŷӣҪϷ²С
ƺֿʲôֱ̬ӱ
ǰģ㣬Ҫô鷳ǰ¾ʹ˵ãǣ
ҶҲ£ʩȻתųħݴ½ϵ֮Уֱ½ϵ
ǲ˼顭Ŷ̶̶ꡭͳɳֵزȻǱĹˡ
˸ˣдǧָܿϢСˡȻҲ磬Ϣ˿Ҳܲܡ½ôϷɰ˽ףȻܲĴڡѵ
ݴ½̫ҵ۹̫ǡ
ϴǸ棬츳ͨ򵥣һ塭ɽλ֮УһرӴһ壬еٮٮߣһ㲻½磬ɽλ棬λ໹Ҫߣ
ڵعħ˵ɻ󣺡б飬ϴ󣬵꣬Ҳҵ壬棬Ҫ̷
Ŷɽλλܸߣ
ȻһⷬǸ߸ϣһĳħ˵ⷬͻȻҶȣƺеȷʲô顣
ħҲ˵Ҷȣλܸߣǿһ޴壬ͳκܴһƬͼ߼λ档
ΰң飬ҪҵڻûҪҲ޵ɾҲŻ֪ҵĿģ
ĬһҶȱóħڴ֮У̫ǣټʸɵˣô¡


315 ʥ
ݴ½һžɫʯȹ̵Ƕ֮УϿգһʯ֮ϣҶǼ籩֮У죬˫ͫһ棬ֱԨ
ͻͻͻ
ҫϵؼѾҶ֮УѰһƬʺݴ½ǨƵݴ½󷽣ùܼӴϵһǻ
ͼвֵ򣬺٣һƬΪһλ籩ѣˣûƬʱ䳤ҳλ籩ԣƬ򣡡
죬Ҷղһݴ½ǨƵλ籩֮ϻϧλ籩ʵ̫򶼸ݻˡ
λ籩֮Ϊֲһ˵ͨλ籩ͺСҲǳȺӣеΪ޷ԭ򣬳궼λ籩ңλ籩Ͳ޴һƬǺӣγɷ籩ͨʯҪʴڷ籩Ϸ绯£󶼻ữΪ
֮ӵ޷򣬲򶼵ǣλ籩֮£Ϊʷɳеһ
̩λֵͼλ棬˵һܼ֮ҲΪλ籩ɶջΪǼɳ
ȥƬ˽˽⣡
꣬ݴ½Ƭ򻹲һ꣬ʩչǧͼͼλҶȿʼٷǿգһʯһƬһƬ򣬽һǿա
ҶȾһǣǿ֮лκλСͷ籩޷κҶȣҶҲȥһɴСķ籩Ϳ԰÷飬οǼ֮ôСķ籩
ô룬򣬼ҶӵдǧͼҲҪһңֱӷԾһƬƬǺӣ룬ݴ½ҪԶҪͨ󣬾Ͳ֪Ҫȴ¡
ৡৡৡ
ҶȴһƬٷʯȺ֮󣬶߶ʱƽ𶯡е籩иǼʡ
̳ǰȥҶȶʱɫ˲䣬ǰһƬ˶򣬾Ȼ洦ݺλ籩·Ϸңλ籩ӲͣЪиһ֮ȥоһһƷУҲᱻ˲÷顣
ƬһƬλ籩֣һȥλ籩һ̨޴Ľͣתʯ÷鲻˵ƺҪƬҪ׻
ৡ쪡
ƷĦﶯ˷һҲϣȻλ籩Ҳһֱǿеʱλ籩Ҳ΢ȴȫλ籩ס򣬾ɾǿߣҲ޷ȥУֻɸ߽׾ͷܽС
ɸ߽ףӵؿռͨҲ£ҲҪĲ
λ籩ǿֲ
䣬һ½СʯȻǼƯǡýλ籩֮У籩֧飬һ翪ʼ߽⣬Ϊ飬ֽ籩ʳճΪɳ
ҶľصˣҲҪ
λ籩ȻȴƬˮйͨ˵λ籩Ǳ
Ҷλ籩Ҳ֪ôһ£Ƭλ籩ȷݺǺӣҶ޷һУǣһ֣ʼٻħ
ϴ󡭡
һħվһʯ֮ϣǺ֮ɻжٶ֮죬ҶȻҪϼ֡
ڳħʱҶֱʵݴ½Ƭ֮Уֻϧλ籩ҼȲ籩ʧȻϣܺñݴ½ʲô취
ЩˡȻ̩λܵͼλ籩һԴݻһУң籩֮Ƭȫ籩õȻ޴棬Ҫ籩ƿǻ𣬸ܣֻдԴͷ֣λ籩ɢ򱣳һ룡
ħ˼Ħһ󣬲ſҶȵһҪ֮еʣλںΪһ壬ָģʱҪܳ
Ҷȵʣ£ֻҪдʯԴṩؼҪܼλ籩ɢԶЩȻƬǻܵ籩Ӱ죡
ħ֮ۡ
Ҷôһ˵ħϾͳ֣ƬϿգλۣ֮üģͻȻ˸һħ⣬һͫӿ֣ǵٴ
ħۣ֮ѵǳƵ츳ͨɣƹȻͨˣӵеֻħۡ
۳һ̣ҶԸоһǿƺҪԼܣңͷųһݿԷɱһеܡ
ȻħҶƷǣħҪɱҶȣֻҪһָͷңҶȫѹסħֻǿĨɱȴѹڣҶظܵħǿǵۣһ֣ҶȾ͸оԷɱǧˡ
ħƬλ籩Ϸ˫ͫѾϣֻۣ񷣬ͷħ⣬ֱλ֮ۡ
ҶȸоԼʵСڳħǰһֻϣħͨܡ
һ֣һۣ񷾡
ˣԭƬ֮ϣ̩λ֮ĳһȻѷ죬Ƭ͸պôѷ֮£ѷ̩ͨλӹλ棬λ֮ײŻγɳ겻ɢķ籩
Ҫλ籩ɢҪܾ޴޲λѷ죬ĿǰУֻ΢ıѷλãλ籩ƬƿƬλ籩ܼȣ
ͻȻߴĳħУһƳƽʱǸֹĳƣڵԶŴ
ãΪ
ҶҲ£֪ħȻܿ͸λ棬һܸıλѷ죬ֱ˼飬ֻˣҪħȻˣʵһǧǧ֮һ

ħͻȻ͵ֻ۾ӵֻۣһŤħ⣬ƺǺӶħŤ
Ťħ⣬Ȼı̩λһƬ˶ΪŤǺӣڲ񷾡ͷ֪ڷʲôױ仯ҶȣҲ޷ͨ⿴͸λ棬ûдﵽɾ
ΪħʩչֶΣԽ˷ˣǷˣλ棬ֻͨǿ߲
ħ¶վǺ֮У˫ִӿʼһֱδ壬һ񣬸߲ʣƬλ籩֮ϵǺӲ񷣬һֱڳŤ״̬ʮֻǺˮӰǰĶ
ৡৡ
ԼʮȥǰƬλ籩ΧͻȻ춯ǿƵλ籩ͻȻҷ΢΢һֹͣһʱ䣬¶˲ڷ籩֮򣬾ôͣ٣λ籩ٴαǰҡ
λ籩֣ƶ٣ҷ籩ҲһƶʣһƬƬ籩ȻҲ֮ǰ˰ٱ۾ͿԿһֱ籩Χһſʧȥ⻪
û뵽ƶλѷ죬Ǳ
ħȻۣǵۻüȫתҶ
ܺã㣬Ƭλ籩ֶŤתʣЩλ籩ɶΣ
Ҷʮ⣬Ҳٴο϶ħҪ϶ıλ籩֮ǰƬչ¶ͷǣȴ޹⣬ܻŴ籩
λ籩ֻȷʵǷ籩籩ɲٿռԪɣЩռԪؾλ֮ѹĦһ𣬲λ籩ҶĽ۱ףȥҲҪݻ١
ͻȻħһˣƬ򣬾ȻϢǲˣλ籩Χ£ȻϢ
ǽȥ
ͷŴǧͼħֱӷ򣬴һλз֮дһСģͻᱻ籩УɾΪҲֻ·һ
λ籩ΧҶȲ籩Ӵλ籩ĿֲϢǷ籩̺֮ռԪأռ䷨еٰͣеϪˮ˳еͺˮȼ
Щ򣬹Ȼλ籩ʱ£һ绯䡭
ͨλ籩Ҷħӵ˶֮УǰŲеȭͷݴ½еƮǶҪ޴һƯ޾ǿ֮С
ЩȻСһں˶ͬǧٿףӿӶ֪ٷ籩ʴ滹һϸĴۣÿ̵һµģĿġ
ں࣬ںȫʧȥʧȥˮ֣һҲ˸ɿݵ򣬸˸о磬һȭȥͻữΪɷۡ
һȥƯǿɳͱ籩ɵʣҶħȥԽԽҲϡЩ⡣
ʥ
ھֹǿ֮УȻƯŹս̨̨ľ޵ȵȣرһ೤׵֮ϣšʥĸӴ֣һ߾߹餣Ǽ֮о˯š


316 ʥ칫
ʵһ޴ĹսȫƷһƯǿ֮УЩƷһʧȥ˾ڣֻԭʼʯûһ棬вٹϵĹ
޾һƬžľ˵顣
ಡ
ȻԶ򣬿ǿգһ΢ͨ޳һھҶ˲Զһ֮ϡ
ţͨ󷽣ֳһƺһȺˣǰͨ׷ȥ
ȻʿƬ򣬴󲿷򶼳˷żȻǹȥȰƬŪ˵
ȻԶͨԶҶǿԪ˲Ϳħǿɴȥ
Խһʮ֮һӵһҪ龧ϵĹϡھ֮У֮ϡܼڲԶ룬Ưһž޴򣬲һȽľϵڱš
ǰžϵҶħ׾پͿУңҶΪһưѾϵ飬֪򱣻ϵжôޡ
ʮַʷ֮УҲس˯ճΪż
һͳգ֮УûֻгһɳĮ
ҶȸأֻֻһЩţڻ֮У඼һƬңޱ߻һ޴ǳأŶʮССȷֲڴ֮С
ٳǳأѾ룬һЩ޴ĳǳأɼ˳ǳأһһֻûУ֮еǿӶھʯµĿ󶴣ǣʣͱɸɾ
Ƭȫλ籩֣Ϊ˴ʥʿ϶ÿһȫȡߣ֧ʿӲдȥ
䡭
һ֮Уһϼ̨챬ըγһĢƻ𣬼춼ǻɳ
ʥ칫Щʿˣ쳼ɣ֧ǡս塯ΰ峤ٴͳһʥ
ɳ籩֮£ʮλˣߴޱȣɣǳ嵽ô޴׳˶ƤֿƤϹŸ޹ǣͼڡ
սʿһֳֳڵ£żʬ壬Щʬ壬ֻ࣬ûͼҲȽԴֲΪҲһͷҷ
ʬ壬ѪܿͱɳǣڶʮλսʿǰһλһȺŮ˫ͫȻҲɫģë£һƤˣ΢ݣĺڷȻһЩ˿ճźϣ׵գƺҪʧȥ
ͫŮվڷɳ֮УĿؿžսʿ֮Уһλͦε˧ᶨĵΪһôӦҪȡλĵˣ飬ҲҪЧ𣿡
ֻ֪峤о仰˵ĺܶԣȥһƴܱáҲ糤սʿᵶأ𺳵˵
ãսᣬʥǿ壬ǣҪΥ־ΪôУְɣ
һǵʥ칫̬ȼһλλսʿȻò£ӭŷɳԭز
ˡ顯̧֣ȻˣݹҵȲСģȲѣǧ˹޷ս
Ԫʼи
ʥ칫ͻȻһ䣬ɱ𣬾ɳʯ籩ϯأһɹȻһλλսʿ
ݣ
Ƕ޵·ǧɣ֮ǵķâи˸оĤҪ̴
˧ǻˣͻȻһӣ˺󼸲ų̈һѷ죺Сģʥһλɵɽ紫ĶɼԪʼиֻԪϲ
ս󣡡
ʮλˣ˧һ£˲ɷÿͷųһԵ˲âǿֲԪʼиȥ
͡
˫ײһ𣬾ûұըǴԪʼиȻʼиսʿͷŵĵâ󣬲ϵĦʴתһӲ֪ٴΣѴһһɵ
ʥ칫̫ȻԪʼиͬ죬ǣһôҲǶʮλսʿ֣ܿ죬Ԫʼиǹ˺ѿռϢȥұâǣʥ칫ȥ

Ǿսʿ飬͵һԼⷽȫݻʥ칫Ķһŭ
и޼
ʥ칫˺ݵЩͱɳɫͫͻȻŴ󣬼һȦϸķâʥ⣬˲䵲סҵâȥʥ칫ĸɾոյֵһ£ǵâȫԽСһ̣ͫ׷Ŵƺ
Ķ֣
ͻȻһֻʥ֣ʥ칫ϷѸײڶ֮ɨֲâ˲߽⣬
ʮλսʿͬʱŵâ飬˺ףգٵ˭
ѵԪϣ
ʥ칫˿תһȴļһʲ˿ƵĺڷӢĻս٣һҴӡ
һλ۵꣬λ꣬Ȼûƣ˫ͫͷŵϢȴ˲
ͣ
ʥ칫ڣͻȻһ³Ѫޱȣһֱѹϵѹױ
ʥ칫
ҶͻȻһ̰ѿҪεʥ칫§ڻطһҶҲˣӵŮѩԯġʦӨӨǰʥ칫һһָŵϢ
оǺУ峿ӭųʢĵһɻǰ͸ɾףˡ
㡭㲻ʥˣ
ǡôҶȷסʥ칫ҶȴһĨĿʱʥ칫ͻȻѣ˲ҶֱһȽŶҶơ
ԣǲʥˣȻвٲ䣬ϢͬˣϢܵų⣬òİͷŵϢ˹Ź֣
ʮλսʿҲٴһ㣬һһ󵶣಼·ɳγһԲȦҶȡħΧˮйͨ
ҶȲɫһɨʥ˵һȷʵʥˣƬ֮⣬ȰǲҪ֣򣬺أ
򣡡
ʱ˿̣ÿһλսʿʱ𺳵ذҶȡħһ
˷ܣʥڱλ籩ɣǧɴ򣬾ɾͷҲ޷ȥǣǺεΪѵ˲ɣ
ˡǲˣֻǺͨʿѣʥȻżȻѵûӦʥѾ˿Ԫ
ƽһЦҶȷǳƽЩԶžˣҶҲܺ棬ȣ߹ô򣬻ǵһμˡ
ԪʼиԪ꣡
ʥ칫һҶˣоսʿһ濴֮⣬˫ִһӡһֱӰѿռиʱһɴϢӿռѷӿ˽΢΢ʥ칫ϸë
ġôܣ
ʥ칫ҶȡħΪˣ̾λ籩Ϊμˣ찡ʥǿߴܣ޷ľǡǵʲôˣ
̩ʵ۹ˣ
˷ʵ
̩ʵ۹˵̩ʵ۹̩ڼ֮ǰˣ̩λû̩ʵ۹ֻԺʥ̫ˡõƬ򣬿ǲ꣬ȥɣ
ҶȿʼЩ놪ȥЩ˷ʱ䡣
Ӷ󵶣ɫţʲôԺ㾹Ȼõʥ򣬸λ֪ͨǿԣԮ
ҹ°ɣӴˣҾʥߣʥ򣬴ӴԺ󣬾ҪΪ̫򣡡
̧֣ʳָŷһоˣ΢΢һָһɺֱѹסһսʿ
䣡
ڣһսʿһһ£ȻԸ޵ھһһҪ
㡭ſǣǶҵ£ʥҵģΪץסң;ͿԵõ򣬲Ҫ˺ҵˣ
ȻǺǿƵʥ칫ȻƣƵĿҶȡ
Ǻã壬һǵһɱǣʥ칫ټʥգȥ룡
ҶȻһץԷΪоսʿʱһؽ
߰ɣ
ٴλӶ䣬һƮλ֮оˡʥ칫һͬϵ֮С


317 ĺᣬ
ʥ򡭡
嫵Ǻ֮Уһнʮˣһ˿̣ʥ칫վǰżžʥһʱ˵Ϊ߸ϵĹȫ˽Լ
Ĺ򡭡Ĺ餶¶˳ﲻТ
ƷƯ֮Уʥ칫С壬һ˫ȭյ֨֨졣
ˡ˰
һλ˼ԼȻͨǴ˵ͨ壬ǿߣΪŷһˣʱҶȡħͶȥĿ⡣
ͻȻʥ칫תɭɭҶʵ㡭ôҵĳ񣿡
ʥ칫ڣѵҵˣǣλ籩ߣʥܰã
ҶӸ£ްؿʥ칫ҵˣҾͰλ籩ƻ𣡡
㡭
仰ʥ칫ֺΣһ룬ȷʥƬ򶼻ָʱôҶȾΣĵȷȷҶʥ
ʵ޿ɺǡ
ʥ칫治ʵ塭
Ҷȿħʵ壬˽𣿡
塭壬ɽ絮ǰʹڵ壬ţĺᣬɽʷ֮УδֻһЩżмأɽλ֮˵Ҳоĳλ
ħҲΪ⣬ϺٿɨˣǸ߹֮壬ϵ֮ѪѾȫʧھǷˣ֮УҲĻ򡭡
仰˵ζ
˵ֻҪǵĻ򣬸ǵѪҺͻΪľ壿Ҷһ㶣Ȼ֣Լֶһ޴ս
壬Щ죬ѪҺͻþѣΪľս
Ҿ壬ĺᡭ
ʮλˣħҶȶԻһ֣ǵǶ˵ڣðλ׾پͰˡ
ĺᣬ壬˲䣬ȫվضҶȡħ¾л˰ŪͬʱҲǶǰߵĳ
ʥ칫ͻȻȵ飬Ǿ壬ĺᣬΪս壬ҪΪЧҡЧѵ˵ڵ𣿡
ȷԣңǾȱΪѪԣѾʵ֣ڣλµˣǵǾڱϵԤ֮У˵˭˵˭ǵˣ
ˣ
Ⱦսʿ˲䳯Ҷȡħ£ͷһޱȣ׳Լꡣ
Ҷħû뵽õϿɣŴ꣬ûκթǷĵĳ
ãҲ֪ȷǾȱǻۣϻһһѣΪľ壡
ħҶȣȻԷ˵Ȼ⻰лֻǳħ𲻻˵̫ף֪Ҷǵõ񴫳еˣɾͣǿ϶ҲԣҶȳΪˣȻѪҺѡ
ϴҲʶ࣬Զ飬ƺ㵽죬Ժ֮ѪҺѣôЩҪΪľˣţħҶȣʮּ
Ҳ⣬Ȼ⣬ͽܰɣ
ĬһҶҲʵںܾȣû뵽һˣôջͷһ̫⣬ΰ⣬˸
ǡ
ҵ塭ҵѪҺȣڷڰ
ΰ̫ҫ£ˣ޴Ȼؿʼͣһ̫Ȼܱգʵڲ˼顣
һЩ̫⣬ԷΪë׿ʼѪŷʯıըһ˳ǵֿʼ޴ɣʮô޴
ңƤڵĴִƺҲ˽ɫͷŵʥ⣬ǵ̺ͫʥ
⡭⡭
һĻտʼȷԵʥ칫ҲԭһжҶȡħıõʥǿս
ڣȾ˵ı仯ⲻǻ룬Ҳκҩ鵤ıʣֻҶһʥᴥѣܲ˼÷˲䳤ʮɾ޴
ңǵ֮ǰֱ֮Щˣһ已̥ʿڣȻӵʥ͸ĸ߼
Щ仯ʥ칫ҲòţĺᣬҶȣǾ϶δҪ˾
ҸоҲڷ䰡
ҸоĹޣð
һˣ̫ⷢױ仯̺֮ͫʥâƺ͸񷣬΢΢һͳ籬ը
ħҲʮ־㵣ʲôʶ֮࣬Ҷ̸ϴ˵ǴƷԭЩˣһֻͨ쾳ͽףȴȫȫ죬ȻδѾʼѣһʵܿͿɾ츳ܿնɱɾ
ҶЦҲʵû뵽ƣԺȥɽ磬Щ壬ҲԸһҵ
ʲôҵϴ㣬ϰͿһͳλ棬ټЩ壬һһȫѣΪɽλҲ£ʱҪѻ̫ʼң
Ҷôһ˵ħħѪڡ
ˣ㿴ǰǿ򣬾ʥǣ治ٲ䣬սǿ󣬾ǧ꣬ʥʣµİգֻʮˣ
һɣһſƮǰ޴һȽľϵţҶȡħʥżأʥԭ࣬λ֮һ򣬴󲿷ֶѸˣ
һ֮ͨҶתʥ칫ʵʥ칫սΪζս
ʥ칫ȻĪ֨
ʱ򣬷߳ˣģλ籩֮£ʥѾҪ٣ս壬ҲǾ峤뿪ʥ򣬾ҲҪλ籩˵һ˿峤Ǽߣ취ͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬峤ץ߹߲Э
ʥ칫ǶԵģ
֮ҶһŪˣλ籩̫̫ͣȥʯӦüΪϡ٣Ӳܴͳȥҿ󶼻ˣûʯǸﵽλ籩;ˣ
û뵽˲ң˵վһһֱĬʥ칫Ȼ¶ȱ顣
ǣ룡
ǾϵǰҶֻ΢΢һץϵ˺һӣʮ˲ͷ뾧ϵ֮С
𡭡
սǣ֮ʹһ쳹ޱ֮УʿɴԴ·һưܵĳǳϣʿ
ЩʿΪߣҲͨ쾳ףңΪ㣬Щͨ׵ͨ쾳һסס
Сģǧ˹
λΪﵽͨ쾳˽סŽʮ׵İߣӳǳ֮·վʿǰһ׷Բԣ޾Ȼܸߣʵȴͨ쾳ײ˶١
λԪϣλգҲҪ
һϢӲ䣬ʥ칫վǰȻҶħһߴʮɵľսʿ
ǣЩսսʿôһӱô޴󣡡
ЩԪϣʿʥ칫УǶЩˣˣΪˣڱþ޴ޱȣ˵ֱѡ
λӣҰߴһϢһϢ˵ϢɣڿʼʥҪʧˣʥҲʧλǿͳƬ򣬽˵ϢλǿߣѾλ籩ߣӴԺǲڵǿԺúõػȥ
ʥ칫߸ϣ΢Цͷׯʥÿһ֣ÿһ仰ʥּһ޷
λ籩ˣôֻ
ҪΪū𣿡
һʱ䣬ϵԪϡµƽ׷׼˷ϲڴջصš
ʵʥֻʣһտǣһµֶѣΪϣҵĳӣҪװ׵ܺúûʲôԲҪֻҪҺúõػȥ
ۡ飬ʥ칫һءׯϵ˵
̣Ͱ


318 ֮
ʥ칫ⷬķθĻĵǵ
ǧʥôķ٣ǿһλ籩ɡ绯£ǾްһʥҲʼ١
ٵ棬һΪʥδıΪģиδϾ·
˶ʥ칫һӵɿħڳʿ䡢ƽ񡢹ֻ֣֮Ϊһȥκλ·
ӡļһͳͳ⿪
ʿԪϣ̼໥ӵˡֲᡣ
Ҫȥúúõģ
ԪΪʥ칫λݵŮӣĿеˣȫΪ׳ޱط׳
ϴ󡭡ֳƼᰡƬ˶ԩ꣬λ籩ƿǧԹ׷ҪΪһɶ½
ħȻԼѹڻŴ½ٸ£Ǻڰصӣóħͺ޵ĥ
λӣҵˣڣҾͰʥͳƴȨµߣʥ칫죬գһӡּһϵ꣬ŷּʥ
һȣ
ͻȻʥ칫ҪѴȨӵҶУնڴһʱһ׶춯صĺش
һµò˾
ಣ
Լʮսʿϳǳżڷ󷽻мǧʿھսʿ֮Уһλߴʮɵߡ
λߣһԶžʬǶɵշУ˫ƽ࣬ͷһͷһսףһײңΪʮ񣬱һЩԪʵǿĶࡣ
߷ŷӵкܴţһ٣գҴ˵ȴһǽʼؾ˶顣
μʥ
Ȼ־ߣǣеİգʩ񣬿ܸߡ
ˣҪȷЩͨ˴ȸһЩԲŻÿ죬ʥݽߣƾһͨʮΪϾԳӡЩһǿߣ
žսʿ֣ҶҲδжӦȻɫĿһֱھϣҶȺ⣬ǰߣԼȻʼѣȷ򵥡
ңһͨʮΪ̩λ棬Ҳһ𣬼Ͼᣬʵӿֲ
ʱǰҶȽܵˣλߣվ峤ʥҲһӣñȽ磬Ǿ屲ƽʱǶҪһԪŹ£λܸߣԪϣվ壬һֱǿıõϿɣ׷棡
ԭˣ˵ҶףΪЩգԾ߷ʥ˼ɵֿѪ
ǿߣﶼܵ𾴡
ʥ칫Ȼˣռ㲻Т㲻ˣӲΪ
˷ʥ½ʮˣ˿ʥ칫ֱ˵λһֱųʥѰ԰ʥ칫Ԫϣ뾡취ҰȻңڣʥ칫ͨˣԪϣƴңǳΪū
ūǲҪΪū
աʿʼվЩսӣһ𻶺źʥ칫Ԫϵͳơ
ʥ칫վ֮У˷ʥֿЩӹߣʥ칫ʼȰʥѵû֣ʥѾˣλߣѾλ籩ߣʥ򽫻ָǽµƬٴηܣ֮·
ƾǡ
ǣĨһмЦݣʥҶȡħͣӣվߴʮλ籩ȷıλãⲻǸνۣȻǵףǧҪʥ칫Ƭ֮ԣͽͽ
ھͰʥ칫£ѺȻ뿪
λͻȻ˳ҲǸߴɵɣ𷽺ʮλˣӲ
˭ң˭˺ˣҪ
ʮλսʿʮɣͻȻɳգһߴޱȣ̺ϵƣһ֣ƾͷųϯء
Է߳һλʮľˣݿĸߣ𾪵شŷˣ˫ͫǲ˼飺顭ЩΪ˴
鹧ʩȻλˣλˣҶȣѣңǾ
ʲô֪Ǿ
ʱ򣬴ԶŽͻȻһ˯Ĺϵţһλλ˳ˣЩ˴Žλд붼ʮףˣҲŮˡ
ЩˣȻ޴󣬵ǣȴȫⶼʧˣһƤѣǾһȺǡľ˶ѣǾߡ
˭֪ǾϷ򣿡
Ȼһ׵ʣһеľˣޱ𾴣еգȫЩˣʥҲɵع£ʥ칫Ҳ
ӭս棡
˵ˣԶޱʩ
ɣϷѾֻ̤˻
һʯһĿռɳʯϿգһλһֲõİ׷ԲԾˣ¶ʯϣ΢˫ۣ˫شϥϣһ߻ˡ
֪˯˶ãλߣûһֻʣһƤҶѣ׷һظ
˹ӭ´Զգ۾ҲֻҲһ£ɣڷҵЩȻҪˣȻѹ
ս棬飬λˣǾھѣѱ䣡
˷飬ޱȼ̧ͷ˵
սƮˣҸоϣȷһɿǾ˻ѵϢϷǾ飬Ǿ壬Ժδȥδ
޵͸ޱȵɣ¶Ҷһħ𣺡ƣǰɣЩ
ħ΢΢ͷȻһλɵۣһλħһλվɽλ涥ǿߣ߳һս棬Ȼޣؿ񷣺壬Ǵ˵дʱľ޴壬ϧǸ֪ʲô£Ϲ䣬ʧɽżأǾ壬ĺᣬ壬֮У̺ǵĻһȫѣѪҲѣôǽҵǾߵĴڣΪĺᣬǾ岻׵ʧʷ֮У
ĺᣡ
еľսʿ̼վǸߴֱͦţһ͸ŴƲƣǵѪҺȣضɶ
ԭǾĺᣬԹϵʱ
һݳսʣ۾˫ۣȻȫڣû飬ʧȥ˹ؿڣǳơҵȣҵˣȻʱĺᣬǡ飬𡭡ˣлл㣬ȷǾߣǾΰѡеˣҵõķּϻԻ͡лл㣡
꣡

ս˵һ̣Цˣ˫նڵͫصĹ󣬿ϧ巢һȻսӿڵ⣬ʼȼա
սʡˣ
ʥеˣȼ𽥻Ϊҽսʣһʹļףޣսʿһһʧ䣬ʹ
ôһλɾǿߡȻ
һĻҶҲΪдˣ޵ɾʵжô죬ôһλǿߣȻھѹ£ô
ţ
ħͻȻǲ񷣬ƺ͸ޱǳ̶ҶȵãԭǾϵսʶ֧ģս䣬ϵҲʧȥھϵѣһȫ飬һȫᱻǿĨɱݲ
ݲ
һ̣ҶҲܵǳǿ֮ǱԴʧľϵʧ
ǣ
ʥգ˳ħҶȶԻңҲۣ֮һǿշ籩ȻȲλ籩ҲһһУˣһ̣Ѿֵͳͳ־塢еؿҶȡħ
ʥƬ򣬾һ㱻


319 ƶ½
žսǿʼӭǼʷ籩һ籩žϵѷ죬ϵӿݺύأӭ˳Ŀݼţһ˲䣬Ҫᡣ
ǣ
䣬ս䣬󣬼ضʥ칫ż㲽Ҷǰ˲乭
ã
ҶҲ뿴ôȥʥȻʿǣĸɾһͨͽҪ޲ǾϵܣҶҲ
ڣҶӵдǧͼɴ󾧱ϵ޲쾧ϵ
ݡ
Ӱʱֱ񷣬˸߶ȡٶȣʥ칫ˡʿ
ʯ
΢ƻӰľϵϿգҶħվ棬žϵһѷ죬ѹ£ѷԽԽ࣬һ飬Ǽ֮ͻ˲ǣκֲҪȥ
Ǽˮޣһͷţͻһ˲ǾκʣҪճΪǼһɳ
ʯӴ޽ɳϵ龧ϵ֮Уʯ޷壬ضǣϵӿ뾧ϵѷ֮С
ΪҴ洢ʯϺܳһʱ䡭޲ǾϵҪѽ֮һʯ
ͷʯҶһһӡǧͼλ͸龧ϵ֮УҶȲʩչӡ޲ѷ죬ڴʯṩԴԴ˶ľϵʼϡ
ҶȻڲϼʯңʯ뾧ϵ֮УʱգʯؼӿƬۡ
ʥͱλ籩ɣɵһɶûλ籩ɣʥҪָʣһһϦɣôƬ򣬰ָܻܲǸ⡣
õʯǶӿٶȻָλҶΪʥע
ϴ󣬲ˣٶʯƬָҲҪһ̣ң㻹Ҫݴ½Ҫʯʮ
ԼȥҶȻվھϵϿգϼӳַӡʯħȻҶ˵
Ҷջ˫֣ɨȥǾϵսǵϵҪǿʮǲõľϵ⣬ʥҲػָ
ϴݴ½ҪƬҲףҪúƶһ½ֻˣɾ˲ĿǰʵҲҪѺܴľ
Ưڻָƽǿ֮Уħһֹۣǰյǿգѡһλúõ
ʱһѴǧͼעϣͨƶ½ңʮҲ˴Ͻ֮ԨӦò£ֻҪü깦򣬲ܰѴ½Ƶ˴
˫ǣƽǼ֮дĿ⣬ǰ͸λ籩ܼݴ½ʥ̫ңԶм仹żƬҪݴ½ƹһһϦ
ǧͼӳڰϣϴǿİٱǧ˵ʵǧͼڰϣܷ
ħҶֵⷬø¸´ЦҲ֮ǰİٱûиղôģȻҶȽǡ
ǹȥΰǳعϼ̨֮ϣһɸʯ֮ϣһλλˣһλλԪϣ룬սʬ廹ڻȼգѾֻʣһǼܣڼ̨·˾ţĬĬ
Ϣǳ峺ؼһʢʱ
ʥаաʿڣҲ˾޴仯ǲƣɣע˻õԪļӳ֣ǺƤ˷ɫѿݽߵĵҲ˿˿ת֮ǰˡ
ÿˣɺ֮ӭ˴꣬õζʼ
ҴˣҪлл㣡
ʥ칫ͻȻڼλŮ£Ӽ̨һʥɳȻһȹڿз裬һֻɫ飬λŮһϺӣһһɵĻƽž
Ҷǰʥ칫󷽵壬Żƽžܵݷּʥһ۵־ֻʥߣӵУʥߣ
־۵ķּȷǾ䱦ˣΪʥ˵ûκ壬һڵһ½ƹǶƬ֮УڣԺ󣬽ʥʥҲǣƬҵ£ǲҹܣȴҪܵԼ
ʥ칫ҶȵܾһûʲôңҶ˼һСС򣬲ǵּҶͻӵһɾ޴
ˣ£ʥսʿݼˣ
ʱһ֧ڵֻվ峤ǿߣʥ췽ʮλսʿƺƵҶǰͳһ£Ҷȿͷ
һʮλ굽ľսʿɢ˺ѲƣһɹɰȻս⣬˫ͫͷų
ã꣬ҶѾܣʥΪߣͨʮףǾ󣬵ҰѴ½ƹٰᵽ̫Ҵ½
ҶЩ⣬û뵽ǿԵķʥǿľˣԼһֻǿߣʵضԼΪãҲ·
ʥȻţҲǾһӣҲ棬սʣս֮ǰҪҶȳΪˣʥѡսʣκȨԸҶȡ
öռʯȥúýͬʱҲΪʥಹһ
ৣ
óһö䣬׸ʥҶתħʧ
ʯ
ʥ˫ֲϷʯʯҲٷ֮һôʯҶó֣ɼж฻Դ
ݴ½ϵ
ʮңҶħʥݴ½վھϵϿգϷһâǵȲٱݴ½ߵȵ֣緱һƯǿա
ҶͨͨҶԶʸɵˣϾҪʼƶ½ȻҶȼһǿķӡԼһʱ䣬Űɷӡħ𣺡дǧͼ
ǧͼǿռڰУٷְͷţϴģھͿʼ½
ӡʥ⣬һλ֮ڳħݺᣬ˫֮ͫУͷųǳʥĹ
õǿħ˷ܵЦչ˫ۣͻȻݴ½ϵϷ˫һһɾ޴ĺɫ죬ݴ½һۿȥݴ½ɫѷ졣
ʱ䣬Ұͨݴ½ݻ٣ڳʱ䣬ٽô󣬾Ҳܲݴ½Դ
ôǧͼһҶȾͻصϤâ֮УӦںݴ½ϢĴֻҪʮȫ𣬽뿪âǣһϵĴҲһһ
ϻ˴󣬻˳ǣ򣬰Ѽ֮Щ۹ӵеʯȫߣһŲʣ
âЩԺԵʿ̫ͣȫͨ쾳ȻҲǿߣȴָֻļˣҶһףûǷ֣ҶȾͰȫصߡ
ڣݴ½ȫ룬ûʿԺǿգݴ½ǣǵ֣ţһɾǿߣݴ½
ݴ½һȫȫĹµ
ţ
ݴ½ϵи߶ˣһ޵Ŀռ䣬Ƕھϵ֮У϶Ϊһңһɾ޴ħƣʼΧ
һϵţͶӰٴδؿռ˳ߴǧɣͶӰոħƣȻͶӰ͵һͶӰʧ
ǿħǴɽ֮ѵҶСˣҲһλˡ
ͶӰƽħƱһ룬ݴ½ϵۣ֮Ȼ͵һħһϹħڿݴ½ܣȫ֮ѵɣܣɲܴ½磡
棬ħǿš
ߣССһޣҺʶȤ򣬸ղűһˡ
ħҲۣɭɭһЦħһ̣ħӦûпˣͱɡ
ƣ׼ôˣ
죬ҶȰβһһһֱӴϵ£ݴ½ڳħߡ
࣬Ѿƿ½ڣԿʼƶ½
ħۣ죬һ̣˫ͫһħ⣬ǿնŤ


320 նϱԴ
ãһ㣬ṩǧͼ
ͷ̫ħƿ֮ݴ½ʼںϣҶħݴ½ۣ֮˫
Ǭλ
ݳžǿգȻһ֮ݴ½ڵ򣬺ȻһŤ籩֮ħ˫ͫرŷħ⣬ħΧȼգֳʥһָ
ţݴ½Ȼ˼鶯
Х
ݴ½Χ򣬷Ʒݴ½СۣƮǰһ֣ǿվڻ
ǿտȥݴ½һǣǳ¶ˣ΢΢غǳ
ô£
ݴ½֮Уһ޴ɽţΪţݴ½һɡ
ţݷ壬ݴ½һ޴Ĵͨ󣬲ȥâǣԴﵽԶ򣬶ڴٸʿأЩʿ඼ɾɾǿҲλ
ΪһɣɾҲʲô
˿̣ҪһʿȥȻոһ߶ЩʿȻͳȥݴ½δй飬̣ɾǰ鿴Ƕδκ
ͬʱ䣬ݴ½⼸Ҳͬ⣬߶ȴ޷˴ͳȥ
ȲҪżʾ߲㣡
Ż֣鲻ԣ̷ƣһʼھŴ
ݴ½ӡסˣЩˣ봫ͳȥ
ݴ½ڲκһһҶȶ⣬ڲ뿪ûԶȫҾͳ׷ӡ½Ϣݴ½Ҳõ졢Ӧ
ʱ򣬾šӵʵڡ᰷ڡǻʱ򣡡
Ҷȼͷ⣬עݴ½һһǿյ춯½СģȫͬʱҶڴ߶̫¯ʼһſʯôǧͼͼЩ߼
ǧͼͼ鲻飬޵ģ䣬Ҷôͼƶһ½
ʱǧͼṩҶҪ뾡ݴ½Ƶʥ򣬾޷ʵ֣˵꣬ʮ꣬Ҳܡ
̫¹ȼգʯͶУǧͼͼգҶͬʱھޣҶȵģӡƷһƷǳǿƶݴ½´ࡣ
ߣħϻжҶҲ֪һλɵۣӵе϶٣ϻн֮ԨôӴɽռ䣬ƶݴ½˵̶ֱ֥
Ǻ֮Уݴ½𽥼ӿٶȣʥȥ
ʱһȥһ½һ£Ȼ󣬾һꡣ
Ѿ뿪򣬽ǼغС򡭡
Ǽʷ籩Ҷȵۣ΢΢ۣ󷽣ѾҲâǣ̩λڿȥҲֻСֲʲô򡢹
Χʯ򣬻Щϴ½һСģݴ½ͻЩײײȥݴ½ж飬ʣҪ𣬶ԳħкܴӰ죬ƶٶȺܼܶࡣ
ԣҪСκǿ춯
Ҷħݴ½ϵ룬ƴ½ƶǿʱڴ½ڲҲ춯
ţ޴̨ķʮӣƼڸɽ壬Щӣĺܳŵӡ
ôһûУ
һλλϣھȨߵĴڣһˣһȫͨ쾵ǿߣݴ½˵ֱһްԡ
ЩϹŶһ㶼Ǳչزеˣչ꣬͸һأڣݴ½д޷ͣȴ£ЩϹŶò
ߣһλΪλߣԼʮ£ལǣݣһƮϢͷųλߣݴ½һɣţ񷡣
񷣬ݴ½˶֣ԭΪһˣǵ죬ǵʦ£ҲΪ֪־ҲȻ򵥡
֣Ԫ񣬶񷣬ȴ޷ԽϵƺһѾϵȫǿѯʣҲ˵仰
½ϵ
еߣ֣ͨƶҲǣɾ߽Ͼͷǣݴ½ʷ֮Уδֹ˽ϵ
һλߴԶʩźҲδԭֻоһɰڸھϵ֮ϣƺ½ȫס
ûд½飬ȫڻУټλƿشǰһͬ£
˼һᣬΧһƬ궯񷻺̧ͷһɳصѹüͷúת
λϣ̳˷ȥˡ
񷰵ٵȵȡҲԭ򣬱֪ͨ죬ϣܼʱҳԭΪҽ
ݴ½ϵ֮ϡ
ǿ֮УҶȻѴ½ڲһд£񷣬ȻһΪǵʦˣնɱʱӡ½ϢϵȻڴ󲿷ַӡ˴½ϢԵΪҪ鵽½ϢҲ¡
¶⣬ҶȻվ˫ֲϴһӡ̫ŷӡעݴ½֮УȻ͸½ռ
̫󡭡
ֱºҶȲͣһӡȻݴ½ϵ֮Уһ޴Ĵ̫
ΪԺ󷨣ѾҶյò̫࣬һһ󷨣һһɼ󷨣һ󷨣٣Ҫ̫Ƕһ޶ҲΪ̩λԭ
ңκ󷨣ٴθı䣬̫ǺУҲÿܡ
һ̫ħƿںϣ£ְѴ̫ڳħжǿ󷨾ж
ţ̨ϿգƯ޴Ӱݴ½ƿش֮Ϊ׵Ǿ񷣬Աߣӵ˫ʣˣ
һλµˣƺһţһϢͬڣǲڣ
ڶλһۣɳһߣϢ䣬˫ֱں󷽣ÿռᣬǾˡ
λһ۵ˣϢҲΪأһһϢʵڣˡ
λһλһƵ۵ߣۿЩ壬ƺ˺ܳʱ䣬λˣϢȣÿռɢһ𣬲룬ŷһּΪصλߣݴ½Ϊصɣʥ
ʥϢȻţһģһһס
ˣݴ½ǿƿߣµǧ򣬶ˣͨʮΪ񷡢ʥɾǿߣݴ½ֵͼ½޵ɾʵࡣ
һ˵ľˣͻȻһ𣬽ţڲۣ֮һŤˣþ³һѪȻҲȥ뾧ϵͱһΰɱ
ôˣͨʮףڣ𾪵ʵ
ţԿΪҵԪҲҪܵˣ˱ʣܲʮ
ʱʵ˿ʥ񷡢˫ȷΣݲȥһжߣ
˼һᣬʥʩ񣺡֣Ϊ߳һ֣ͷһ죬鿴ʲôԭ򣡡
ʥͷƳȣȲһ֣ʩ鲻Ҳֻ֣
֣ôϣڵϣȻţõǴУͨ쾳ΪѵҶ£
ʱ򣬲߳һʮֻɵؿ񷡣
λв֪ѾͻɾңգãͻΪԺ߸ϵ£
˿ŭһЦֱͦʷһ
ʲô
ʱסˣңˡҲһ𾪣˫ɫ·ͨѩ֪Ϣʣʥֻ΢΢һָȳȡ
ߡЩˣȲ俴һ
֣һ֮
ڼλĽʡַߺĿ£ֺһץһǳ֮ʼУһĴС
ٿ
ʥɣͷһɰõǳ֮ţǳ֮Ϊһּ˲ȥɳ۵糸ٶ١
ּżǿϣ֮С
䡭
һգ۹򣬷ּڽӴϵ˲䣬ͷ˱ը׻𣬶񷡢ʥҲһһ˺󼸲˼Ų񷡣


321 ̶
ôҿɶɾǿߣټ̵ľϵᱻ˺ơ
סӣϼڲ˫ȭ߬Ϸ֨֨ؽĦҲЩҡ
ݴ½ֻһССĴ½̩λͲ㣬ҲʮƫԶͨ쾳ΪѾǾްԣɾȻߣһ½
񷡢ʥλͷһһɣţһݴ½صĴݴ½ף޿ɺǣ֣Ȼ˲ѹֳ˼Ƿ
񷡢ʥ˫ˡˡһ˲䣬ȫһب֮С
ӡϣҲ𾪵ؿһĻݴ½ϵӡӡ޷򿪣ЩʿԶҲûϣ뿪ݴ½ﵽӹΣֹǣǺԶССĴ½֮С
һס񷡢ʥǶ̫СˣҶʵǶԿοڳǿƿ֮£
ϵ֮ϣҶȿ޴룬½ʿ𶯣ЩԺһͳ½𵽺ܴá
ħһֱھϵ֮ϣΧźǹ⣬Ѿδһ£ݴ½Ʈʥڹ¶Ǻкɡ
꣬ÿһ죬ÿʱÿǿգҿǿûûֻгʯ½¶档
̫¯ȼհɡ
֮УǾ޴̫¯ȼգʯעУвʯע̫¯ƽȼյΪ̫Ҷ
ȫǧͼͼ֮УҶͷųӳڳħΰӡ֮ϣݴ½ӡܲ͸硣
˿̣ڴ½ڣĺʷһʢۻᡣ
μξۻĺƿߣһЩʿǿߣݴ½Ǳ֪Ͼͷʢеأš
һľɽۣ֮ƽһ㳡ķǸཨΪͨ쾳ϵǿߣһãһλλǿߣڹ㳡ܣ㳡һٶλߡ
УԾšӵʵڡڵȵΪЩڼ̸Բߡ
ʢᣬ£ղüĿ̳ǿǿͻƷӡϢø̩λǿߣϻԴѡ
ͨ쾳ǿߣƷӡݴ½ʷϴδйģΪݴ½δЩһ¶⡣
ãɾΪأһ޴󹥻󷨣㻨һʱ䣬Žãң½ͨ쾳ǿһãΧһֱ˴γǣһλλͨ쾳ǿӴ塣
Щͨ쾳ǿߣۼھŵĻɾʿ˵ݴ½˵ֵʿȫʮ׳ۣɽ˺
λѣڴˣӭҵΪݽһڴ½ϵһӡ޷ͣκ귨ӡ޷ݳȥͬʱͨ۲죬ִ½ƺ򻺻Ưƣͨͨ޷Ӧû֪浽׷£Ǳ֣Ʒӡ
̨̨ڹ㳡Ȼ񷵱˵棬һӣĵ˵һӣͬˣ֮ΪľǱǵĵûоţҲûʵڡӵֻͬˣ
ڳÿ˶֪жôΣرգݴ½ϵȫһӡҲģ壬֪ݴ½֮з£ǿλ籩ײݴ½ʱп飬Ϊô½֮ҲӭһͿ֮̿֡
ڱƽϢƽΣ
һʱ֮䣬һλλ½ǿʿһһ֣׷״ǿע֮УһھγɣһŻþͷһƿյ
úáһͨ쾳ʿǿƾϵɾףˡ
ϵ֮УҶͻͻͻݴ½Ѿһһ½һ£飬Ϊ⣬Ҳ֮С
½Ϣݲȥʧȥãܰװ˭Ҳ֪ݴ½׷ʲô£ֻǿдϢȥݴ½ϣ
ʮǿ󡭡ȳǵĽף
ʶһҶȱͽ£ָоӡһףҲǿߣ桢ּǿߣεǿҪݴ½ϵȫܡ
˿ݴ½ƿǳħ𣬼Գ֣Ҳ޷ƳħķӡҲԾϵӡӰ죬ʧȥƽ⣬ͻӰ쵽ٶȵȵȷ档
һֻĳħ
ϴ㿴ǰƺһƬʯرܼȻȴݴ½һƻ
Ҷ˼֮ʱħͻȻۣƽǰ֮ƯһȭͷʯȺ飬ңպôݴ½Ҫֱͨ߷ʯҲš
ܼҼҲǺܳݴ½޷ԽĿռ䣬Ҫôı䷽ƹȥҪôǿпٳһͨ
ȷܼƿҪ໨ܳʱ䡭ã½ңȻУֻǿͻƣ
ʯȺҶţһʯǿûбǼʷ籩λ籩ɣܴȥ֤ʯӲʮּӲȻȲϴ½򣬵Ҳ
Ȼ񷡢˫Щˣ˴½ǿҪ򿪾ϵҪã̫һһһ壬Իں֮С
Ҷ΢΢ǣһЦʯȺҶȻһԾĸоʯмʣȻûκ䱾ӲȣͳԽһʯȹλãӲȣɾǿߡ
ɾʿ޵İ֮壬ֱ᲻ɴݣ棬Ҷ칭Ȼ䴩ƣȴûɱɼжôӲʯӲȻǱȲʯ
ܶ㿪칭Ϊǻţ滹ͨۺܿ칭ʯû壬һѵһƬ޼᲻ݵʯֻ顣
칭ǾƷҪͼλʯ¡
ɣ
Ҷһ˲վݴ½ϵǰգôǧͼϴŽ۱ףǼ£ûжѹһץ칭
Ҷ׼һ֮ʣݴ½ڣһҪӴƷ
ݴ½һɣʥۣ֮գӨ󷨣һλͨ쾳ǿסڴңʥλɾǿߣػ󷨣Ų񷡣

񷡢ʥͬʱһɾɽӣ쳹ݴ½־ݴ½ÿ䣬һͨ쾳˲ֹͣ
ৡ
һʥڰеһǹ⣬ݴ½ʿһֹͣǹ⿴嫲񷡣

ͻȻڶĿǹһ̣һ޴תһΪһΪشȻӲ٣Ȼǹײǹֱӳ𣬵ǣûзɳãͿʼתŤŤȻʼǹ룬ճϢҲɢڲ֮С
Ȼ˽ݴ½
ݴأʿһĻ˲׹ͨ쾳ǿ߻һȻһ󷨸⣬˵ݴ½һй£Ȼԭ򣬶Ϊ
ΪǾ˽ݴ½
һʱ䣬ʿŲ񷣬־ɻΪҪݴ½ʲôǿߣεȾ磬ܷӡ½
ʿĬ侲ͬݴ½ܵҲ޷ƿƿء
֮⣬񷿴ʥ֣ȻϣΪԭ򣬶ƿ˴½ɾ߽ףҪݴ½Ҳһ׵£
˭ûκ½½ѣ֣Ǽǿø೤ϼ룡
ʥƺѾʲô˫ֺһ꣬пǡ
ֻһְ취ݴ½ȻҲбƿصһ죬Ҳ֪ľܣȼ⣬ȡ˺ƷһУλǰʾã
ûа취ŭݴ½ּһ죬˵ھȻŪڹ֮УңԷƿݴ½Ǿӵͨɾ߽
ڲòϣʥЩƽĵˣֶ⣬һˣһţ޼¡
ʲôˣ˭֪ҰĲһͳݴ½Ϊ½ΪͷΪβˡ
λͬȻղŹЧ˶ڣһƿأֻҪϢݳȥǾܽ
񷿴·ǿ߷Х


322 
Щˣƿ£ЩʲôҾͿǻô취ͨͨ۰ɣ
ϵ֮УҶȴһץһɰھϵ֮лγɣһ̫ŻŻವش򿪣һǿ
Ҷ׵ץסȻ˳Ҷƿ£Ϊһʥǹʥǹûֻ̫ɣʥǹݴ½ͨ쾳ǿСӡ
쿪ϣ죡
Ҷվ˶ݴ½֮Уһ޵սݴ½ǰʯȺڿһſ˶ʯ
һֿһִʥǹվݴ½֮ϣ׼һʯһ̫ҳǴС
ݡ
칭ŷ΢΢һƺ͵غһ£ֻʥǹһֱӴԽգǰǿʯ
¡
ʥǹڹްǿգһ泤ۣȻо޴ʯʱʯҴըʥǹΰ˲䱬ʯ룬ʯ˲顣
ըĻ棬ںڰǿգȥҫۣըǼʷ籩üƬʯȺ˺һ
Ƭűըǿ̻һƬǣһλɾǿһԣ˲ǻᱬըʯɱ
Ҷȵһ΢΢һЦ칭ЩʯҵҲԻȴĲһн㲻
˵Ц֮䣬Ҷֿʼץһɾ޴ŵһʯըΪƬֳʮʯеСȴеı½Ҫ١
һʯϿ޴ѹȸѹҶȿҪϢץʱ䣬һײ벻鷳
䡭
칭һϣһ󣬰ҶΧǿգóŤһǼʷ籩һ֧ʥǹ˲Ʋ񷣬һʯ𣬴ըְСʯ÷顣
һȥƬʯȺһƬǹԾ˸
վڲ֮ϣֳ񹭣ҶȾ䱬ʯȺϷըƬʯȺȥ²ͣһǹʴ
ݴ½
ಡͣ߶ʮ򶥼ʿһͨ쾳ǿߣ϶עһǹǿƺҪ˺ѿռ䣬
ÿһǹⷢ䣬Ҫݴ½Ϊ֮һʿԻκʣڲۣ֮һ޴ƺӿռֳִӲ֣֮֮ʮأ塣
ݴ½ʿÿһϹһңѾһʱ䣬ÿһò;ҡΣҪƵģֵģŴƱ
ʯˮһ̣ˣ֮󣬾ͻָƽȻܵǹҹ֮󣬾ͻƽȥ
ģͨ쾳ͷҲֲסôͨ쾳ǿ֣һɾסǿߣʮ򶥼ʿ룬ԲɱĽ˿̣񷣬ʵ
վڲ֮شܣЩˣоԼԽԽСһΪֻͽͶѡ
ʱ˿̣ݴ½޾ƫԶ֮У󺣣ͻȻγɻصĺХͷŻصܣܣܿ쳹ء
ţ
ͻȻţھۼϹ֮ʱʥͻȻۣݴ½޾ĺ
ţ˫ˡˡȵЩǿҲ׷׷һɾ޴Ϣڻؾѣ־ؼ䲻ϵıԽԽǿᣬ
Ŷ
һһ칭ʯȺڣʯҶȣͻȻҲʲôңߴħĹϴݴ½֮ڣһϢھѣ
ȷסף桢ٱֹף̩λҲָҲ̩λ棬ҲٳԽ׵ϴڣ
һ̣ҶҲӦǹϢľѣңӦΪüͷһ壺û뵽
ϴû£õģ㶯֣ΪҪնɱҪۣܶȱףǡҵĴƷ٣٣ϣиྪϲ
Ҷȶߣħŵ
ҶȾ˼ʩչ칭ɱʯѾʯȺ룬ܿҪɱһѪ·ǿߣԺѾԽ£ΪҲ࡭ףȲҪնɱΪãȻãʱ½ʱҲһ֮
ħ˵ˣһֱۣ粻ǳһ㡣
ף޵־磬Ҷȿɲ־նɱɱ̫ϧǱԴҲݴ½ĲƸ
½ƫƧĺ򣬴ʱﺣǺХߴɣĺХĺҲܵӰ죬ٺ걻ݻ١
λǰ
һͨ쾳ͷ񷡢ʥ˫ˡЩشݴ½˹ʥ˴λǿߣ֪޵ɾεȵزһһʽܻһ½ҪСģܼŭλҪؼ
ʿеͷһɫֿܣɾ߽ףǺεȵ̩λҲܼ
ǰǾ񷣬дʥȵȵѣǰݼǰ
˺ѹѹһƬͣںϷǰһƬߴɵĺХ룬ǰǱڵĺģͷһɻص
һȺСϷչУ߽ס
Ӻһŷ޵磬ǿߣ޷׽
𣺡˵ɣ׷εȴ£ΪҪϴ½ʿ
ˣҳ£ЩˣĸһʮʿҲ̿ˮ˵޷ԿԺҲҪܶԶ֮ʩǰĻһλܣӡ˴ͨƿ½ϵƺݴ½뿪ԭλãˣ޷ƿӡϣǰ֣ܳݴ½
ǣһȺں֮ڣ
֪λмȳ仰ŭ𣬵ǸŭԣҪ˵仰Էһȫɱֻˡ
˾Ȼƿݴ½ҵҪ˭£ҡ졯Ҫúüʶһ
ˡǿ˵֮ƬͻȻҷ籩ͨ쾳ǿߣպǱߵƶʥҲһ޷رˣ𺳲ѣû뵽ǿߣǿ˹
һÿͻơ඼֮һ׺Ͷףʮһף̫
룬γͨһɫǱں֮УɫǱȻѰͷŵϢӴ󣬵ʮʥ
⡭ɼ
ʥ͵һɫǱ̲סѿڶ
Сӣ޵һҲֻϧ־磬ʵ̫СһףϷһ¾ˣ
ɫʥĳǱ֮УִλԳơ족ǿߣһ˿֮
ɼĽ̰ɫǱУ鼶Ѿ汦ݳ֮ֻɾǿߣʸӵУڣǰȻɼӲ˼顣
ৡ
ͻȻɫǱȻʧһߣڳǱʧ롣
ߡ족Ѯһ߰üһɫ룬һͷݻɫҵţһ˫ƽ˫ͫŷüÿһ룬һʱɱˣݵ壬ȥձѰһ㡣
䡭
һüһ˲䣬һΰ񷡢ʥˣٴ˺
˺ЩϷλ
죬͸ת񷣺ϷҪʲôȻƿ½ƽ죬죡
ݡ
һƲȱͨĻɫش˫֮ͫг֣Ȼ󣬵һǵʹ񷣬ʱضݼǵսᡣ
ಡ
һ̫ŻͻȻһʵ޴̫ŻŻ󿪣ѽУУĴ̶ײڲ̫Żǰѽʧ
Ժ̫ԭԺ֣һɣ̫Żɣ˿⣬ƿش½Ҳ£ȵǴ̫
ǰˣ
̫ŻʧķһͶӰؿʼᣬһƵۣվĳʱյҶȡ


323 ʥ
ԺۡԺλѧӡ
ҶͶӰһ̣ǿߣϳǻƵۣ׷֣ȻһλԺλѧӣƿݴ½
λѧӣҲ׵ʮףô𾪡
һѧӣƿݴ½ͨ쾳ǿߺ⣬ʲôֶΣʲôͨ
㡢ǡ
ӵ˫ͻȻĿ⣬ҶͶӰһ˼飬˳˫ˣ˵λǿǵãʮǰڱԺһ̣쿹λ𣿡

ǿߣ˫һﾪѣ׷׿ͶӰһɻ󣬱𾪣ǲ˼顣
뵺һû뵽㻹ǵ
ҶͶӰƵᣬӸ£棺ȷǸλ½ϵǣһˣԱ֮һΪĴ½ҽҶȣҲǴδҵ֣뵺ղᵽ죬ᵽӣӦþ֪˭Ҿǵ濹⣬ȴǧնɱɣҶȣ
ȷǵǸҶȣ
ǿߣڲɻ󣬷׷׿϶ȷҶݣ漴ӭһ˼顢޷š𾪵ı顣
УֻһֱĬȻҲܾ桢⣬ǰһҶͶӰЦҶȡ쵱ûɱ㣬ãȻһô
񷣬ڲһˮѣȻҸҽȷĵˣңڻͻɾΪԺλѧӣ߸ϣܳΪ£񷣬˵Ĳɣ
Ҷ䳤ХȻʮֶŭȴûж֡
ⷬҲԺѧӣȻҪȱ֪Ȼˣ㻹ΪУݴ½ΪУ
񷣬㲻ҪԳһףͰԼ
ҶЦŪ񷲻֪룬Ҷȵʲôʲôʸ˷λѧӣңѾΪ߸ϵ¹ŵӣǵվǰҲɱңҵݣѾƽƽ
ʲôµĹŵӣ
£סˣ֣ǿߣҲסŷһ㣬һ𾪲
ʲôţԣȷţɾɾòʱ䣬ݴ½νبδеľţôҴɾ޵ɾŶ̶̶ʮ꣬⣬Ȱ֮󣬵ұȼ磡
񷣬ˣҿȷĸǣݴ½ѾƿأϢƿأһ֮𣬻Ҹһʱ䣬úÿǣǶҳǷߣߣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȾһ񣬵˵棬ǵˣݷֻг
ߣһɶѣ½󣬷ŭޱȣһƻس忪
ҶȷһЦ񷣬һɣôһɣô
񷲻çȫ޷ԿҶȣں޲նɱҶȣȴûκΰգ㡭
С֪֮ܣ
û뵽ȻҶ֣ҶȵôǸȴǸСˣĿŵֻˡ
ҶȿҲ񷣬ĿһΪﵽ֮ͨϣǰһΪʵڲףݴ½ֱ࣡
СӣҲǸϷ޷ȣŶʮ꣬޵һͬͨϷ޽һӣΪ죬׷ɵ򿪷ӡϷȥ򡭡
ӵвΪ죬ĶҶ˵ޡ
ǰһ뿪𣿡
ҶͻȻһ䣬²𣬼˵ɵǰ޵ףȷʲԵ񣬵ƾһˣ޵ʮԲҪꣿڣҸһԵãҾҪݴ½½ʱԳûŴ½һ߽ͬףˣǰ
½Ϊ򣡣
էȻһ˫üһߺ΢΢ڶ½ʿϢ˲ը˹
ݴ½ȻҪΪ򣬶꣬ٵǿߣ޷£ȻʱҪȥɲ˼£һɹݴ½е飬õ޴Ŵ½
ңݴ½򣬴ÿ˶һӣǽΪٱڴ½ʱҪ߳ӵԴ޴½صȵȡ
һΪŴ½ٻͻƼ㾳磬񷡢ʥҲͻɶסף죬ͻ߽ײ⡣
ɾﵽ֮ÿͻһ磬ֱȵ컹ѣͻףķʱ⣬׵߽ףҲͬģҪԴԵ򣬲ͻƣһΣݴ½ΪϣҪͻ߽ף֪ûпܡ
֣Ǳݴ½Ϊͻ߽ףһһϦ£δ½䶯Ҳѡ
ҶȼȰǰʶ㣬ߣӦñ˭һ㣬ңҲҪҳȻʵҲǿϾݴ½ڶ꣬һֱû룬ЩʿкܴϵֻҪ㽫Ϊݴ½עˣ
ãСӣҾΣ㲻ܽ½Ϸ򲻻Ź㣬ɹϷκ飬Ϸ򶼻
˭룬ȻˬӦҶȣ˸е⡣
һ޵еȻŷֻɾҶȣֱ췽ҹ̷˶û뵽չô
䡭
컯Ϊһ轣ֱ죬ѿռһһ飬˲ҶߣϷۼ֤һ
û⣡
Ҷ붼û룬ʹӦ죬·ͨ쾳ǿߣһЦǻߣȻΪףЩˣǰ˿ֵϣֻһʱ䣡
ৣ
˵仰һʿԭأҶƲ㣬򣬾ϵǰҶһ֣Ǻ޾ϵһƬƣͨƣܿ򣬴һƬڰǿա
ңϿʯһʯڱըݻ٣ƬƯǺ֮Уݴ½Ҫʯһ޴
ֱʣֱʣ
Ưھϵ֮£һĻ˵˼飬ƶ½ʯͨҲĪ
ƶ½κɾǿ߶޷½һӣӴ֮иٹ̣Ҫƶ½ҪдǺӵϣҪʯӲܡ
ؼݴ½ƶûӦһʼͷ֣ͳ֣Ļȵڡ
Ưڲ񷾡ͷҶȷƵȴڼʯǰԭԲðݴ½ƿǣҵǿ̫࣬ѣݴ½ƶʥԶ̩λĵش˵ҲףһɹҴлõ޴ԴʱҲŴ½һͬͨ쾳ҵĻᣬͬҲǰȴĻᣡ
һ¶һɻ󣺡ʥ򡭡Ϸ·ʥλ籩֮Уһϵĵ۹ˣУᱦδ˽ȥλ籩ʵ̫ͣ
ǰģ֮ǰҵһλѣѾλ籩ƿڵʥ򣬿ɾֽ룡
ʥ֮УȷиΪʥϧƬ򶼱λ籩ɣʥѾû䣬һ½ᣬƬٴλָ
λ籩
пһ£Ҷôһ˵֮ǰ𾪣λ籩ǿϧˣҲҪλ籩Ĩɱοˣ𺳣ڲףҶȹȻǱ濴ôС
ƶ½λ籩ÿһǾֶΡ
һζƺĦ󣬷ɹһʯ㣬һӵ򣬲Ȼλ籩쾪Ŷǰʥ򣬹Ȼλ籩ˣ
ǰȻȥɣϢһ½ǿ̣һ֪ͨǰ
˵仰ҶͶӰ˲ʧˡ
Ƭʧһǿѹȥ֮£Ų죬һ̾Ϣݴ½չ꣬ʲô£ִʲô
ꡭ꣡ʥ򣡡
ϵۣ֮Ҷջ칭Ƭʯ£˿̣ħҲվϢޣŷƶݴ½ûΪջ
ꡭ
Ҷһ̾ʱ䣬һʿָһӼ͹ȥˣҶ˵ȴкܴͬ꣬ȥðգָҲͻͨ쾳ջ
꣬ȴݴ½ϣȻоʱδй
ϴλ籩ƶ½£ͽˣħλ籩ͻȻ߸߷ǿ֮вֱӷλ籩֮УžͲӰ
Ȼݴ½ҪǰǴƬλ籩ͻȻһħסŷһλˣλ籩߸߾
ɣ
ץᣬҶͷ̫ǧͼ뾧ϵӡںϣȻоǿʧУŷһʮֲܣҺôǧͼ̺λֱ֮ݴ½ƶ


324 Ѫֶ
ȻдǧͼҶҲ¼ֲסãڲ֪ħΪжô񣬰ݴ½Ƶʥ
ݴ½޴ۣشλ籩֮ºɶոһȥλ籩ٲγȻϣȥΣء
ʥȻ֮ǰҲвͬǿտʼ΢΢˶һʯʼתƷʼ飬ΪɳԶʧ
ϷǣͰݴ½
־ºɣʥ룬ײ㣬·ͣݴ½һ鱦ʯųʥ˸Ŀ
Ҷħվھϵ֮ϣ̧ͷŸߵʮǧݴ½޷ֻн߼Ϊ򣬲ܴﵽ߶ȡ
ƣһͬݴ½ҵ󲿷ݺ㾧ٰƷһƷǶݴ½֮У㾧ںϣٽ󷨣׼½һ׼
˼ãҶȰ뷨˵ħûκҶȽŶϷǣ˫ӡһɴ̫žޣ͸ݴ½ͨǡ
ͨҶȶͷһʥ
ʮ֮ͨһ˶ڣһλλˣͷߣǾΪﵽͨʮ׵ǿߣԱʥ칫ǷȾսʿ
ͬʱҶħҲݴ½ڴ½գûеһᣬʥ칫ʥʹӾϵݴ½̼䣬ϣ־ϲ飬ݴ½ȵԪ
ˣ
߰ս񡢷ʥ췽ȹλսʿҶǰʩ
֮䷽ʥЩˣָȫﵽΪ۷״̬һУҶʯãңԪҲʱᣬǿṩʿ
ҶһһͷоսʿΪȻɾÿͷųƣɾǷʥΪһӦò⣬Ҷȿʥ칫ʵôҲˣ
ԴݽˣȡһЩԴʾָô㲻Ը⣿ʥ칫Ƴһۡ
ݴ½ԴḻʲôǺǣҲȫȡߣ飬㱣ߣ
ܵ۴ҶЦЦħŷʥȾսʿ½ȥʣ·鱣ʥ칫ΪֻҪɾݴ½ݺ޵֡
ݴ½õط
ʥ칫۸߹ϣֵЦݣڷ£ػȥ
½̫ҵ۹̫ҳǡ
ˡ
һͳĺ̫֮ҳ𣬽½еλߵȵʿʼ̫ҳǣ̫ҳڣҶȴųħҶԶҶ졢ȵһãڹ㳡ǰ
ʸ·ʿϣڣ̫ҳɾʿ˹㳡ˣ𾴵Ҷȣǰãݴ½ɷƻ㼯ԼҶȳϢ½
˶֪̫ҵ۹ݴ½սҪʼˡ
ʥȸ߸ϵľսʿػҶȺ󷽣Ϊһۣǣ壬δţͷŵǿս۷
λӣǶ̫ҵ۹һӣΰ۹Ҫݴ½սһͳ½ӽԺݴ½ֻ̫ҵ۹ݴ½Ҳ׸̫Ҵ½þҪڱʽ½κɡκҪͳͳɱ⣡
ʿҶԶվ½պգͳһսʼ
ţɻʸΪ󽫾Դʿʼӹּսʼʼݴ½
᰷ڡ
ǿˣ̫ҵ۹ˣ֪߲ͨ㣬׼Ӧս
һǳϿգ½򣬳ǧ᰷ڵӣսľźϿգ۾γ󷨵Ĵ᰷ɱѾ̤ϱ½
ڵ̫ҵ۹ɱ׼󷨣̫ҵ۹ɱƬײ
᰷ڷ򣬷һλλߣЩߣɾͷһǧˣڱ˵ʮǿġ
ǰս
᰷ڵӼЩߣֱᣬɾͷмֱ޵У᰷Ҳǧɣڱһɡ
ǰзߣ׼󣬷䣡
᰷һǧǿ߽һ̣ɱ̫ҵ۹˧һλˣ᰷ڵ׼һ¡
һʱ֮䣬չһ󷨣Щʿɾ߽ףһֻɾǿߣţһʼǿ
찡
һ᰷̣ڵӶŵܣɾϣҲ˷˴ͬʱ٣Ǳ˵ҲѾûлᡣ
գ֮䣬ضɽҡɣӦɻڱ
᰷ڣһƬ¶᰷֪̫ҵ۹ɱĶ󣬵Ҷȶһˣ᰷ڣ̫ҵ۹ӵɣҶ֮ͨܣ᰷־߽ˡ
߰ɣ뿪ݴ½ҾͲţҶСôţҲȥ̩λ׷ɱǸӣ
᰷һ֮У춯߷˵߬ȭͷڻţҶ޴ɾͣڣɵܣΪβɱҶȡ
Ϸ֮ϣһλˣ᰷ȣһΪﵽͨ쾳
ȻҡҡͷȥΪѾǿ߿УȷϣҶӵпɾ꣬ɾ쿹⣬Ǹӣ죬ʲô
ѵǾ춯־ֲʵ˵
УԷΪҶҲնɱ޸֮ķˣȥû˱㣬꣬ҶȽ´㲻ŹҲŹ㣬ǣ̰֮ҲҪܾˣ
žһվ˫ͷơ
ǸӣΪСԲɣ
ͻȻʼѷ죬ţһλ˺һȭȡ춯޵еľˣһ˲䣬ѹɷ顣
ųΪ½һߣӣ춯һ˾С
ɱﳤȥŰ᰷ɽź飬ֻҪȭͨ쾳Ϊȭʹݻ᰷ڵʮӣһȫնɱ᰷ڣΪƽء
ڱݴ½Ľһǿɣ齣š
ʱ˿̣ĺս齣ҲΣ齣ڱأκ˽룬֮Уڽһ齣ᡣ
վסŵӣûʸ̤ڣٸΣʱ̣㻹ȥѲߣ
һλϣסһλ̷Ӣ꣬걳һ̱ǽ
꣬Ҷһ֮Եһ뽣УںڽǺȾƳ̸òһתۣʮôȥˣȻλߣһȴʥ
ʩϣҪţ̫ҵ۹ĺ֮һзߣȫнΣİ취
㣿
㲻һŵӣֲźĵӣʲôȻԲѣԱ߼λһЦ
ͣ
һ罣ͻȻӽָѸײڶ֮ƣȻѼλϣš
һϣ˿ڣȻţȻᱻһŵ˵˫ѪָŽŭ㡭ŵӣȻҶԳϳ֣๼
÷
Ȼһڴ
ǣ
λһŭ⣬û뵽ȻڴΣʱ̣пʱ䣬һԲѵŵӣŽЩĳϣģǵڳֶȻʹ˽ᡣ
֮ڣʮλߣеıž޽еıŽУһλλ齣ΪǿԪϣ֮ϣһλˣʮ꣬޳˫ӥĿڽϣýһ
֣̳ʩ񣺡ŵӣݼţ
һŵӣõһϵȽ϶˵˿̣һλߣ¶Ŀ⣬Ž
ʮǫ飺ӲţŶûͨ
ոյõϢ᰷ʮӣȫ䣬ɽŶΪƽأңݴϢʵڡҲͬһʱ䱻ЩɶǷ̫ҵ۹ͳΣȴȫһҲûų֣
һλϣ˵Ƴ򽣷ʲô취齣ţ
λϣţʵʮǰҶֵһ֮ԵΣҶֵҲǿҵķϣ齣һ棬ֻҪ齣Ź˳齣Ż齣ţԺֻҪ̫͵۹һж䣡
棬治ɫ˵
ʲôǸҶʶ
һʱը˹ڳϡһλ֪ҶȵǿһصͻȻѾƿݴ½ڽдϴκηҪռѹʵҲȷˡ
ڡʵڣˡ


325 
½ɶֿЩֿɣ˲ͱݻˣֱ㿹ûС
ڣ齣Ǳ½Ϊ࣬ûгµɡ
£᧿Σûа취Ҳް취ﲻΪū˰ڲˣʣһ·Ƿ
֪һŵӣͻȻ˵Աⳡѣһгϳüչ
һλͻȻվʣ㲻ҪſڿӣǺεȴ£Ҷʲôˣôʶֵܣ
еԪϣ£齣˵£ʱҲˡ
ţҶֵͨͨͶӰҿȻףֳһ⣬ӽָ֮зɳ
ȻһҶȸߴͶӰա
ǡȷҶȣ
齣Ҷȵһۣϳˣʱںͨ쾳ǿ֮УۼҶͶӰһģһ
齣סܺãֵһ֮Եεȿλݴ½ͳһģңһ½ΪҲ֪ʱ˻ڽ֮УõҲ֮Ͼ磬ұˣ˿ûͳǵ˼˵ֻõ½ϿɣѴ½ΪΪҲ棬ֻҪݴ½гͿˣ
ҶͶӰƯգ˵棬ĵ

˲̣λԪĿɿڴҶͶӰʧʱ־ϲ水Ҷ˵ݴѣһʵһż
齣ȻվųزǰλԪϣΪδλûʲôھ齣ųϣ
ãԷʣû⣡
Ԫ϶޳飬ʵ뽣Ūϵ׽Ҷȳֵܣ齣ݴ½λȻҡֱϣΪɣҲ޿ܡ
齣Ը
ţλԪϣһŵӣôʸΪųϣһ֪жߣŵ
ʣΪţῴŶڽ֮ϣûκųڵĵӣ
ȸһ㣬ԽͣýܳųϣţȥҶȣ齣δͽˣ
ţһΪ齣龡ǣжĵ
齣óȫƷҩַ֮ͳͳҶȣʾϡ
̫ҵ۹ܿռݱŶϺҲһȫ̫ҵ۹
ݴ½½
ţݵһɣ½֮һҩţȻǾֳɣҲһģҩⶼ̩λ档
Ŵ½ķս𲻶ϣҲ᧿Σһ̫ҵ۹¸𣬳ʮһֱŲ
ţڸ
£㲻Ҫ̫֣ˣ㣬ɡˡҪ̫ҵ۹Կǵ£ţͿͣﲻӭˣ
͸Ĵڣһλ۵ӣðɣǰΪһ˳Ա
ԺλѧݵĽۣΪףмλͬԺλѧӣ˶ݴ½꿡ܣˣϣ£ϾԺλѧӡ
λѧӣССݴ½
λ꣬Ȼ˿µӣٴ뿪ɣǲ뻤ˣ
֣ɣҪˣδܳеģ俴꣬¶һ˿м
ŴӲμκ֯Ǳ֮£ȥɣ
ֲ֮ۡʣӴգͻȻһɣ
ãˣȻ뻤ˣôǵĵˣΣҲ룬ߣ
´ʮԱڵ뿪˿ӣȥ
һ뿪һλһµߣ߳üĿôȺˣɣ
ǰǴ̫ҵ۹

ӰͻȻΪףˣǴ̫ҵ۹ʿļӢһˣٿ
֮˿ʩ񣬽ҲȭȻλϢվڵС
̫ҵ۹Ȼز¶һССȻʿҶأ
˲²Ķʵûһ֮ļơ
˿ǰӵɻˣ⣬Բεǻѵ컽ҲһɱҲãɻˣͲһƣһ򾡣
ٴʩȫȻԵѿڶšӵУʲôȻ󳬼ɣûκʮˡ
ȷ죬Ϸۼ֤ҶֶΣڻһֱ룬Ҷȷ֮ţҪ𻤵Ȼ׾٣ˣ˵ɣĿģһм෴ûж˵
ǰһżõɵĺͶǹһλΪƿաĳԣԵֵģ˼ܼ򵥣ıʲôֻҪ̫ܵҵ۹ԼѣԤκδС£Żţ
ƿʦܣ
ͻȻվ΢΢һֱ򾲵΢΢кˮƿʦܡ
ƿʦ壬ǧǰһֱûлû뵽Ҳһʧ䡢ģŷƿĿеλܸߡ
ţһˣʼ£̸ϸ¡
ţţ֮ݴ½ˣѾŽţΪǹϵݵһɣߣԣȻҲΪš
ڴ½룬Ϊʥأŵˣܳţٮٮߡ
оšӵΪɵĻˣƼݴ½ССһٶɣʮʿʮǿߣʿǿߣɵĻˣݴ½ĺҪǿ
Ȼά򣬶Կ̫ҵ۹ˣҶȣڣҶѾ˳Ϊ
ɶʥȻôǻˣ
ڲһʥ֮Уӵ˫켸λŮӣ񷡢λǿߣҪ¡
һƲ󡭡ʥ밲ܣһɱҶȴӣǴʱ򣡡
λҲſ϶ĳҶȣҲʥ
뼸λԺλһЩ˸ᣬԵø룬һ꣬Եͣȡ
һȺ󱲡λʵҶȿ⣬ΪλҪɻˣ
˿Ĭ˫ҶȵȷǿҲ¼֣ҾܳΪ½ߣ죬żȻ֮УѹһϵĻȻ֪ԺǾŶ겻ͣɱҶȣҲܰݴ½ϵ
Ŷ
˫ºȻһиǲΣȻǾ᳼Ҷȣȴܵɻˣа취ԸҶȣΪڡ
λ˴֮ĿȻ㣬ڰϼ޻Ȼ
˵ʵģôŲݵһɡ
Ѽ˱飬Ҫλæһ֮ǼˣУҪ˺߶ڣҾͻȥռ
ãֻҪնɱҶħͷκδҲֵãȱ̬ᶨƣҶжԹҲ֪ҶʲôˣȻŹ·һֻܰϣϡ
ݴ½ϵӡ޷뿪ݴ½޷ԺȡϵҶȶͬԺѧշ棬ɱ÷棬ԼҶȣϢݲȥѾ޼ƿʩ
˫Ҳһһ̬Ȳѣﻢ£ҶħͻͷǴ
Щ˶һңҶȵ֣ݴ½ɶڳ棬նɱҶȣþųΪ½һɣ񷣬ߣٰ£˭
ϳɭɭЦݣЦݣصʵ̫˶û뵽δ½֮ʱĻ


326 ʥ
ݴ½ʷƾãչٶȴɣֱƾţǸʥһף޵о
ɾݴ½ݺ޵С
ʱ˿̣ڴһɽ֮ϣǴأʥ壬ţʥǴһչضʥء
Ҷ˵ȷԷţһݲоԶŷţѾʱҵСӣʥģʴϻۣǷϣ󣡡
ʥһͤУʥҶȡħһʮͷڸ裬λ꣬ǿƽ˫ȴ䣬˻۹⡣
ţԶţħݺǸʱǳԽڵľ޴ϧħܾˣ䣬ţħſһƬ磡
ħ𵭵˵һߣȻ¶Ȼƣ˫ͫȻһͻ
ҶȻվǰиõӡˣҪȥˣð˽⣬鳾鳾
ҶĻھŸӦһʮķɻˣ̵ľʥվ֮ͣǰһ¡
ǣ
һ΢紩͸쪼죬ҶħͲˡ
ʥʥߣĵʦ˵ĹȻղţͽľ㣬ҶλȻӵ޵λϢȻͽľ໥ɱ֪ΪΣ
ˣģ֪˰ɣɾͨ쾳ǧ꣬ҶʮءģӣǴķʿʦǣҲ㣬Ψ㣬ܿŷԵˣ
Ե
ͲƽʥģĬĬظ仰
һ¹ȥݴ½Ѿ췭ظ仯ĺĴ½ȫ̫ҵ۹ɷ׷׸Ψ½ݴ½ڻ˷£Ӳдȴ
̫ҵ۹ʿװʼݴ½Ž
ٴУŷ綯Ա׼Կ̫ҵ۹֮ʱɾǿߣҶħ£ѾţҶԶʸɡЩ׷׶С
»ˣһͳݴ½
Ǿţһʥأ
˱ҶԶŵ̾һ
ʸƽսףֳ˻죬ˣͳ죬ɸ߽Ϊͷǿƿƽ̫ˣ
Ϊʿ֮еսרңʸһϿףƺѲ޵͵ꡣ
ˣʲôţˣԸȥ
ռһƬţʿͻȻоЩȻ˷ʥǰһҶǰ
ҶȵͷҲ֪񷡢˫ЩһӦԲߣʥѸ֤һ㣬ͷãʥҪСģ
ɽӣ
ߴʮɵľ˷ʥԭǾߴģ񣬸Ҷȣõ̫壬޴٣ɳǧףԾŵؾ޷壬ŴϢ
ʥ糣ֱ۰ִʥĽɫѪҺޱ飬ͦΣžţͻȻһƣ˴ء
ʱˣоһɽڴؿʼӿ
䡭
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԷʥվλãžŽȻʼ𶯣ţһءһɽ塢һƬƬԭʼݣѣըϵس졣
ȥ֮ɽһѣ֮󣬸ɾɽҲ˲
ţ˲ڻУʱ˷ʥսһ㸩ԵߵǬʶ档
ͨʮף֮ľ壬ʥʵɾһףɾεܣһпԻ½һССľһҲס
Ǿ塭
̫ҵ۹ڶʿһĻ׷׸̾ңʥǵˣҪǵˣҲֻ
Ӱ
Ųϵ飬Ϊ棬ڣʿַɳеʿŴ񣬾޴ض֮纣Х㳯ȥȥ׾پͻˡ
ʸ˫棬ɷ㿴Ȼ˲òڣϧڷʥ£ͳͳ𣡡
Ҷϴݳһΰ£壬۵λҪģ񷲻ۿžžôװ״ݻٵģ
¡
ճڣȻھſ쵽λãͻȻʥͷŵĻͣŷұըո߸ߵؾ𣬽ţӻ֮зɳȳʿ
ڣ
ȳ棬˶ʿһɹɳѹȸУ˺ռҲ΢΢Ļζʱ羵顣
ӾɳʿͷߣȻ񷡢˫Щһٶ֮ʿǧͨ쾳ʿнһˣɾΪʿĻˡ
ƺƵھϿշƺƵ쳹
٣ɱ٣ɣ
ʥֱһս񣬺òԣֱӻӶȭͷһ籩ɷ籩һ籩ŻƳɽ˺˴ɱȥ
͡
籩֮ر׵ľ޿ӣһʣ籩̻Ϊ촷ۣ籩˲һֱʮľ޴Ӷң͵򻤵ˡ
ˡ
ⷽӪȻ˶ڣʿվѣּʥʩչطʿŵõһ
𣡡
һӣ˶ʱͣ£˫ִӡţǿɾӶ֣űڶķ籩һȥ

˲˫ӪգҵײһǾ壬ͨʮףһһףײһ̣ضĦƵģɾͨ쾳ɾǰֱ޵Уǻ
ռͻͻͻѣҲһͬ飬űͱɷĵٴα췭ظɾ¾ʿͬһʱñһЩӵֶͨεɣǿ
һ潻֣һͻǧʿ
и
ʥĿֻϣһӶԷϣʥս⣬ͻȻ˫һϣһŤһӷʥһ
ţ
͵һ𣬴Ť֮Уƺһӣһ󵶳УȻһӶ󵶣һն
ž
ֵ񷣬ϱһףɢƣֱˣǸղʮֹڶӶ󵶣һȫ԰ݴ½κһ½
󵶻Ե޼᲻ݣŤʱײûıըǿռѵسƬŤûȫʧ͵񷣬ǱĿ棬ؼȻҲʼŤ
һĻ˼ֹͣɻ󣬵ʲôȻܰ˱Ť
ͣ
ͻȻһȻˣգۣ󵶾ͱռ֮УʧҲѪ
䣬䣡
̫ҵ۹ʿߺʥǾˣȻ¾ͰѹסѪ
Ȼϣʥʵһףңûȫʩչնɱ񷲻ʲô£ҶҲΪˡ
ϴ󣬾֮ᣬһѣɾɱˣҲ£ҵ棬ʲôˣǿ߾ôãǲҪֶΣҺڴǺεȷ
ħ𵹲⣬һġ
иȻǷǷɼȼĸߣȴ̫ЩҪ߼٣
иռ䣬ͨҶȻǵһμ
зߣɱۣи
ʥֱ˴Ϣᣬٴ˫һϣһطӡһɾ޴Ť纣Хӿȥ
ãһУ
¼ʥʩչи͸оǷʥ֣ҪǶԷֱӳʿ˲䶼ȥ
ɾʿ


327 쾵
ô죿
ʿǿߣ񷱻˴ܣֻܿеķݡ
λ
ڴиݺŤĻ̻֮ʣͻȻ˲ǣ˫Ѫתˡ
׼
˫µȵȣƺ׹ÿʼӿһɹȥ
֣
˾Ŀ⣬ͻȻһ䣬ͷŲϢֻһץ֮УͻȻһɫյĹϾӡ
žһ֣㿪ʼ˵
ҹžͬӴС֪ʲôƶɣھ֮ϣȻѺۣһһŷġ
͡
֮ƺȲʥɱŪŪ׼ʥȻ͵ش߶ֻѷ˶Ŀѷ⡣
߳
ҹž͵һȻƵ⣬سʥȥ
ƣ
ʥ˿壬Ӷȭͷ֮бǺХƵ⣬һȭ
꣡
ȭ֮ʯƵȥͻȻƵȻ֮˲飬ǿռҲһ飬ոȭ֮Ҳһ飬׹䣬÷ʥ͵һˣƵʥ
͡
գ֮䣬Ƶ˷ʥڵĿռ䣬ǧ׿ռ䣬ƣռ飬ʥ·ĴأҲƣһ飬ʥˣǰҲѹסֿš
ǿķһƷӦǸӸƷ
Ҷüͷһ壬׼ʱ̶֣֪ʥǾ壬ױնɱʥڣ
䡭
ʥƵԼʮգʥһգ˱ɣԭλãȫ鿪
ããã
˼һĻʱɽХ㻶
ˡ
ʥҶʩչĶ֣պɵλãһץʥڹž֮£Եʮֲʣ޷Ҷ˫ۡ
һƷңҲ޷⣬úϢ
Ҷķʥһֵ˼ҲûУ÷ѷʥȥҶתħ𣺡ǹžǿᣬһ
롭
ħȻۣڣ̫ҵ۹һȫûһ㴹ͷɥ෴ڴҶȳ֣
ϴ뵽ˣʮرɽҲΪ쾵һƷɽҲһһľ˵ӡϹλ籩еʣӵп˺ѿռħҶ˵
Ҷüͷһ񷣬йŹصҹžƷ쾵
ħɽ磬һƷƷȽϳƷƷ䱦ƷƷǾϡ쾵һ䱦⣬ܴ󣬾ɵ۶ʹãҷӵƷ
ħϸһ˵ҶȸƷʲôһƷڷ磬ټģƷûУȻݴ½Ʒ쾵һ֪취
ֻ΢΢һ߶Ȼӵпɾһʵķʥܣ졣
λۼһҪȺȫɱ⣡
ץס쾵ˣ˫ЩڿϣղŻ״ܷʥһۼǿնɱʵδ֪Ҷȡ
ݣ
һ쾵֮У嶼ڲ쾵΢΢ĻζƺҪɳȥһ㣬תҶȣ˵Цݡ
ĿǰΪԿͨ쾳߽ײ࣬ɾֻж
ڣҶȻƵ֪쾵֪ˣ޷ͷ쾵Ҳ޷ͷ칭ǿһ
ӵ쾵Ȼ޵УЩ˾̫ͣЩɾϣҶȲŻΣ
ҶУ񷲻һڽƻ˶ѣ쾵޷߶ģͳưݴ½
ʥǹ
ɳףҶ侲طһץһ̺̫ĹʥǹУţһصΪһŴ󹭣Ҷһץס󹭣һʥǹ׼
ҶȣҾ͵˵棬նɱͻȻסץס쾵͵һ
߳
һǧ׵Ƶ⣬Իƣ˺ܣճҶѹ
ݡ
ҶҲʾȴûôţ޹׼ǿ硢˺ѲƵ⣬Хʥǹ
͡ʥǹջ޴Ļ棬ض׶Ƶ֮УȻײ
߳߳߳
ʥǹƵ⣬ֹǰţ˺֮ʼʥǹǣʥǹԴ󹭵߽ϣ˲ɢƵը֧飬ض
ôûκȴܶԿֻɶѣȴɾԿ
𣬻һΰ鲻Ѫ˿صģȻҶ״顣
̫ҵ۹һХ㻶쳹
λǲȫԸƾһܽҶնɱλһʧܣҶǲŹǵģ
һ̣֪Σת˫ˣʿ棬¼ӿ˵
ãɰڴһ٣
µ˼һĻҲȫףĺԿҶȣôǿ϶ᱻҶնɱҶжԿɾ

ͻȻ˶Ի֮䣬һӰش֣߳ȻһץͰ쾵жߣʧ
ʲôˣ
쾵ͻ˶֮ʱͻ񣬿־תһȴ֮Ҷȣ쾵ͣ
ʲôٶȣͷð麹˰أȻûӦκ춯ҶȾʹУذ쾵ߣεٶȡ
ˣ˫¡ЩˣẠ̊́ҶҪɱǣ練ơ
̫ҵ۹һʿҲˣգ۾ͷҶȰǼߣûһ¡
ˣһȺ߹ҿ⣬ǲƺĲãھ»ȪҪǵ½
ҶȻظ߾˫ۣһΰʥ⣬֮ͷţ򣡡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶΪģһʥ⿪ʼ˲죬ŻΪʥľڣеˣ˲䱻ƿأһвͨ쾳ǿӣǣٶȸȲʿһȫ
ʿſ̾ʥ򣡡
ǻлߣ죡
λͨ쾳ס׵ǿߣԸһʼͷͨ쾳ǿϵȥ
ͻͻͻ
һѹƣջȻ֣ͨ쾳ǿ߷̾ͱһһȻҽС
񷣬ɣ
Ҷȿ񷣬˱նɱҶȶһץʮɵ١
Ҫͬھ𵤣
ʮ٣ʲô֣۾һᣬȻֱӴӵץסҪԱʽһ飬ˣһͬ䡣
ͣ
ͻȻһʥǹգֱ̳Ӵ͸࣬ţһͬ𵤣򾧱ϵ֮С
£Ҳɣ
Ҷ񣬶ŵɫҰ׵һָֻһ¾ͱһʥǹ̴һ뾧ϵ֮С
ݴ½ţ졢Ҷô򵥵ȥ
ڻʿڲ˵ҲΪʮ͸ŻƾЩͨ쾳ɾʿˡ
նɱ񷡢£Ҷɱڣ򻤵ˣ뵺ѩʶһҲɱ㣬ˣʱҪؿҳ˭ҪǲԸ⣬ɱҽ½Ҳõٺôڤ粻飬ֻͬһ³
Ը⳼˫ǿ־ͷ꣬
ţʿȻûһҷȫͷ꣬Ҷȳ


328 ½1
Ҷɱ񷡢ѪֶΣʿͨ쾳ɣһҶȸ
һɱɱΪհ
Ż䣬˲߽⣬̫ҵ۹ʼ㻤˲ƲӾšӵЩɣÿɶŹзҩʯҩͳͳϽ̫ҵ۹ǶԿ̫ҵ۹³
齣šЩ̫ҵ۹ɣϽκʣ糣УɵӲ׼һҪȴ½һͳſԡ
ݴ½СƸȴʮ־ˣǾЩɣٴǿ̩λѰöٱҲҶȾȣɻвҶȾȵıڡ
᰷ڣڷʮɷһĶǺɷ˵ȷ޵ôʥ춯Ӷѡ񳼷̫ҵ۹ݴ½ɣССʮɷ
ʱеȫɢ̫ҵ۹ƣʥݻ٣Ҷħŷʥһоˣŵ֮ϡ
㾧񣡡
һץӴ޽ɳһ龧ɫʯͷݴ½ȫͬĹһ̫עУ㾧˲һ¹⻷Щ⻷΢΢ŵ½˷ɢȥ
㾧Ǵ½ըһ΢γɣϵеĺɳһ½һ
һȫһ½㾧񣬾ܵõ½ϿɣӿԴӺ㾧
򾫻֮УӲʣ㾧һԱȴ޷취ʣֻŴ½𣬶
Ҫݴ½ΪҶȾҪۼ󲿷ֺ㾧Ȼ󻨷Ѵʯ㾧ٲϰѴ½ߣ½ͻڲͬ߶ղͬ㾧ҲΪ
ʵ㾧ʲûжٷֱ𣬳Ӳȡвͬ⣬ࡣ
Х
ؼ䣬ͻȻһĹԴЩԴһʮֱӲͬҶȻǿ㾧񣬲ҶǷݺ㾧ںһγһ鳤ʮľ޴㾧
ݴ½к㾧񣬵ѩ͵ߵĺ㾧һֱӵҶٻ㾧ֻݴ½ô뿪ݴ½һͨʯѡ
Щ㾧飬һֱвռǣûһ˳ɹֻҪۣͿԵõ½ϿɣΪ½ˡ
о
һξѪ㾧֮У̼䣬Ҷȱ㾪淢֣Լݴ½ԴϵһҶȶŲһ㣬ʱճִܼԪһŨƯš
ʱ˿̣ҶȾԼݴ½ݺ޵УֻҪֿԻ½ĳͷκǿһݴ½Ҷȶնɱ
ҪһʱںϣѴ½ԴںϡҪô½ԴںϣǱκ⣬ҲԽ÷ޣ
ݴ½֮УտԶûоͷŷݴ½ǲ񷡣
ʱŻ߽⣬ݴ½ĺ½أɲз֮ģ׷ϽʯҩȵȣңĺΧв½ĺ
ںϣ壬Ҳǿ۹ʿЩԶݴ½֮Ҳһһɳʹߣ̫ҵ۹
һ깦ķ½ȫ̫ҵ۹ƿأڵ⣬½صݴ½ʽ̫Ҵ½ͷҲֻһ̫ҵ۹
š齣šӵЩɣȻţеĲϽҲû̫ܵҵ۹ǿйƣȻԳȥ֮һߣ̫ҵ۹Ҳʡ
ʵ˫ˡʥЩǿߣһ㣬Ҷƿش½һǾȫҶȶ֣һֻ·һҲḲ𣬴ʷӡ֮Ĩȥ
Щǿӣʵʵ¡
˴ӵЩɣȫȡ̫ҵ۹һлȻڹϽ֮Уݴ½̫Ҵ½ûж仯һϴҪ򵥣ˡ
ʥ칫ϾҪ̫Ҵ½Ϊ̫ƬҲʥ򣬶̫һ̫ɹҲı̫ʣ
ǣһƬǷϣ٣ٻķϳǳأ˲ʥʿʼؽ
Ĺ֮Уʥ칫ȻƿڱչУͻȻ߳һͶӰҶȡ
һ㣬ˣϣʥгӣǨ̫Ҵ½ȻŴ½Ϊ
ʥ칫΢΢ۣƽҶͶӰȻһ˵һҪ
ʥʮˣһ붼ͨ쾳ʿôǿߣôͳͳ̫Ҵ½һҪķѸʵԴ򵥵˵ʥ칫ҶΪṩ
ңҶƬ˵ûжǣṩʯЩѾǺܴòڣʥ칫ȻֹҪ
ãһ÷ʥѴͨչ׼
˭֪Ҷ˿ûзԣûһҪʮƽ˵꣬ȻתȥͶӰˮݰʧ
Ҷȥʥ칫ͻȻͷ۽һξӨᣬϣ¶˵Цݣʢǰ㶯ˡ
ΪˣѴڣΪֵһǿ˰ĹȴСŮˣںڰĿռ䣬޿䣬ΪһĨͬеҸ
죬ʥʹͨ쾳ǿߣչ̫Ҵ½ǴͨЩͨ쾳ǿȫ̫Ҵ½ǰЩɾͷɷʥһٻȫʵӵǲʥ񷶼ܴܣЩͷ붼
ͨչ֮ʥ칫㿪ʼǴС䣬г½½̫Ҵ½ٵ磬ЩǧĻᣬһﱶк档
ͬʱʸɵҲʿĺΪ׼
̫Ҵ½صԨǾȵĵңǵģǴ½ڣڵҺ֮УŴʯƷƷЩõڵ¶̫ߣܲˣɾҲҪѳƤ
ߵ¶̫һڻЩ˷˼ߣ½Ҳͳ˷档
ʱھ޴֮ϣһ󣬲һɽ֮ʯ֮С
Ҷħھ룬ħɴӽ֮ԨõǾʬ壬ҶȰѴ޽еʯȫ֮У½Ԫ֮ܶߣ֮ƾ۾ܿ
̫Ҵ½顢ࡢ塢塢ľȵȣ̵ظԪת䣬ÿʿֻҪһڣͻӴٷˣڷ
ÿʿÿﶼܵ½ҪѱϢҲ֪һɹҲѱ䣬˿ʼҶȣ̫ҵ۹ʼ͸½ÿ䡣
Ϊ½֮Ҷȵһʱ͸ܵΰֱ½֮ǰҪǿ򱶣ҲνĹؼ
̫Ҵ½Ϊ̫򣬹ؼмǿ½Դȫںϣӵߴ½ͨ
ҶȾڴ½󷨣ͨ½񷡣
½ͬ壬ͬ
ɣ
һץƷһƷ֮зɳֻ̫Ҵ½ֵͼ½һƷ漣
֮УҺʼȣʼڣҶָһץƷΧһƷس֮УȻԶǶڵ
νؼǶ֮Ҷһ֣Ͱѷ½̫ҳ֮ٻ
ƶɣ𣬳ɾɾ˵ֻҶȵġ
㾧񣡣
һ޴㾧֮Уץס㾧񣬲һͬسҳ룬㾧ӴңеʱҶȾ͸ܵһɴĴ½ԴϢ
ʼں㾧֮ϣ㾧յҾպ㾧½Դңͷֻ棬ʼ㾧
ֻһտʼЩĦ󣬿ʼںϣ÷׵Ϊһ壬Ҳ½Դںϡ
쾵ƷȻ뷲磬ӴԺںϣ̫Ҵ½ںϣԶػ½ɣ
һɫâҶУǴϵõ쾵ʵ̫죬칭ǵ
ƷѾҶںϣϵܵ½Դ룬һںϣô½Դ߶쾵ɱκɾʿŷԽԽǿ쾵ҲԽǿ
쾵̫Ҵ½ҶȾ޺֮ǡ


329 ½2
Ʒεǿ󣬲ˣ޷߷Ҳܴ߶
һ̫Ҵ½̫򣬷ʵںϣ߶쾵ʮٱԺɱκɾǿߡ
һȥҶȺ֮ǣ̩λݺᣬٵļˡݡѰȫ
ں㾧֮ϣϵպ㾧񾫻ͷ쾵һ֣ͣתţͷ˺ڣҲͷ̫쾵ںϣ־ܿ쾵֮Уκηӡ
̺˴½ԴͬʱҲ뱾Դںϣ㾧쾵ıԴԴԴںϣһ
Ǻö˰磬һ̣Ϊṩǿ֧֣
ҶϷ֮УʯĳħһӰڳħϿգλͶӰħɡ
ڣҶ̫ܵҴ½˲ңҲ͸̫Ҵ½Ҷ־ںϣ½Ҷȡ
ʸɡЩˣڴ½󷨣ֻҪҶһЩ󷨾ͻᷢǳ֮ӳִ½ԴƼҶһ
̫Ҵ½ڲ𣬲ȴҶȷӡ֮£һͷţͻ˲ô½΢ѱ䡣
һȥ̫Ҵ½һͳɡʿ̫ҵ۹ʿڱչأͷ꣬ȡŴ½Ϊ
˿̣ڴ½磬ҶȻſۣ˶󼸺̫Ҵ½ȫ֣½ȫںϣȵǶڴ½ģңҲȫѺ㾧Ϊһ塣
ҶȻڵǶ˴ʯЩʯʯ߳ٱϧ޷ȴѸ߼ںϵ֮УõıԴԽ
׺ɣǬλĺһ̫Ҵ½
ͻȻҶΪһ̫⣬Ǻ̫⣬һ½֮С
ʱ½ʼ𶯣ʼضɽҡХϯ½֮ʿ½ƶؼȫǺХ
ǿȻǴ½ںϣΪ½׼𣿡
һƬϺ֮УһХ֮УһǱգۣǱʧˣվںХ֮ϣһٰµĲơ
һ˲½仯۵ף˫֮ͫУĺ½벻ƶǧɺХرɫӿң֮УƯҲ½뿿
ⷬ̾˵ҲеʲôҶȲףɾͨ쾳δͻƣȻ˸ɽӵֱǿɾֶ߽ͨΡ
̩λֳԺƿأڼǰԺϾͷɾ߽ףһΪӸЩͷΪƶʱ½ĺһľһģһ
ǿߣˣӵиɽӣǬͨʣڵҶȣ
ŰǽڵйţȴҲûšҲῴ̩λ涼˵ģ
쿴һĻһ̾ΪȻܴҶϣЩ쵭һЦȻգһٿȻߡ
ţ
ɫǵٶȾȻ֮죬ǿߣĪɾŽסʮǿҲעӴ½仯
졭
̫Ҵ½и߶˾ϵ֮Уһռ䣬ƵĿռ䣬һͶӰڴ½ϵ֮ϡ
СӹȻˣͿ㵽ܲô½Ϊ򡭡ͶӰʧؿռ䣬ϵȻʼں̫Ҵ½ϵ
̫Ҵ½½ǿߣ𺳵ؿĺ½½Ϊһ壬ţ麣ҲƮ˹һһ½ںϡ
ķѵĴ½Ȼһ½ⲻǻ룬Ҳξʵģһλǿߣ׸˴½ؽ˴½̫Ҵ½һ޴ޱȵĴ½Ӵˣûĺֻһ½
̫Ҵ½
½һʯĺХҲнԶ½ͣʿ֤˴½һḶ́ʼԵŷҶȣҶȾΪˣֻ֮˲ӵɽɽӵͨ
Ŵ½һ˷½Ԫ֮ǰʮңڲǾط֣ήĹѿѮߣԽᣬ½һ٣ѱ䡣
ң½ԴҲʵı仯Ǵ½ʷ仯ԭڴ½Ԫ֮иһΰʥϢϢȻƮ죬ȫȡ֮ǰݴ½Դ֮ǰ߼ǧٱؼԴ֮УһʥϢ
ÿʿһΣͷ΢仯ڣĪسʥϢ֮ΪʼѸͻƣ̬ѱ䡣
˶ţ½һ˴ջҪǴ½ΪΪߵֵزǰҶȵʿڣҲʼŷҶȣŶʮصľš
ŷ½ںϣ½ԴҲҶ֮еı䣬̫ʥʥ⣬뱾Դ֮УֱӰѱԴ̫Ҵ½һ壬Ժոת䣬ؽ춯ء
ʱݴ½ǰƬ֮С
ôݴ½Ȼˣô£ҵʦʦãϢôȫʧˣ
һžϵ֮ڣ·ݴ½һŵʥ֮УѩվУѩ֣ſյһֱ㶡
һ½ô᲻ˣ
ѩһۣȻҶͻͨ쾳Ժλѧӣ߸ϣµλһǣѩʵͨ쾳߽ףΪѧ֮УҲǾͷĴڡ
Ŷ̶ʮ깦ѩȻҡһ䣬ΪλѧӣһΪﵽͨ쾳߽ף뵱ҶȼԺҲɾ̶ʮ꣬Ȼ޵߾硣
ңѩ֮ͫϣȻ˸ͬϢĹâƺ϶ΪһϢ塣
ݴ½ϢڼǰͻȻʧûκףڣϢҲӦݴ½ԴҲ޷Ӧ
ҲһɻͻɾȴҲΪһ½ôʹĪʧˡ
ѩ죺㲻˵ݴ½мرϢ޷Կ޷½˵ݴ½ǿߣӦòʧ򣡡
ڿӦݴ½ڣĳһλʿǿߣѹ޵þͨɾϣݴ½նϱԴ޷Ӧ
ķտյһſž򣬾Ǽ֮кɵʯȺһͷˮͷ⣬ȴ޷׽κϢ
ߴ½
ôһ˵ѩҡͷ˿ţܣ׿ƶ½ȴ޷ôԶ޵оͷסССһ½ô־ͷԺɾ߽׾ͷҲָǶԪϼ
쵱ҽһݴ½ܽĿռ䣬ȴӦһɳ˯־ǹ־ǿӦáֹףпǰ˽סŽѾΧȫ˸飬ȴһ½ϢӦ
˰Ѵ½ߣ˵ʲôһ½Ҫʲôͨһ򣡡ѩȻɻ󲻽⣬üͷ΢塣
ֻһ𰸣
˫ͫͻȻһ侫⣺ˡݴ½Ȼ󣬰Ѵ½ΪΪһɹʵֱͨ죬ңֻҪô˾Զ
һֻҪǲҲ˾޴γɶ꣬ˣҲԻ𡭡˵꣬ڵ측һЦݡ
򡭡
ѩ͵ش˸ƺ뵽ʲôֲţ춺һ˱򾧱ϵ֮Уʧˡ
ǵϢǵ졭Ҳݴ½ȻҲִᷢ½Դʧ
Ȼһ򣬾ϵ֮УһӰһۣŻͼ׽̡
ˣ档
汾ڱչУȴͻȻӦݴ½ϢȻĪʧ㶯һ˭˵졣
ǧҲҪԵ֣˵ʲôҲǵ֣ߣĽΪôţҲͨһסǧ䵽ڴʲô⣬ţ̩⣬õһ
ϧǧΪ̫ҪնɱҾܳΪ׽½ϵʹߡ
ǧ䣬ҵӣ᲻֪ǹͶ㣬ίߣ㣬ɾ
һЦЦݣľɰͰ͵ģտüͷһ壺ݴ½Īʧʲôģ½ǳ״ը˳Ǳߣ
껹½뷨½Ϊݴ½ˡݴ½ڶ˵̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣʧʧɣ
һ߰ٿһƿնȥ


330 ½3
̫Ҵ½ϵ֮⣬֮УҶħվʥ֮УκʯǼʷ籩̫Ҵ½
ڴ½ڲ׷¶վʿۼһţ࿴½񷣬֪Ͼʽ½Ҫʱ̣̣ѱ䣬Ϊҡֱϡ
ᣬǧѷꡣ
ȥгӣҪץסᣬΪ뷨
ڴ½룬ĳһϽʥ칫ʮǾ٣иʿ䣬ڵȴʱԴ
ݡ
Ȼ̫Ҵ½΢΢һ˾ͿһʥӴ½䣬񷣬һʥѲһһѴϵԪʼۡ
Ѿʽ½
ϵϿգҶɫ£׼˰꣬꣬Ӱݴ½ԵƵʥһ̫꣬
꣬һ˵չأ׾͹ȥҶ˵ʵҪһУնϹȥӭ
ϴ󣬵ĵĲʱһͷŽ֮Ԩ
һħվڿնǺ֮УڼϿգǾ룬ڵء
߶󷨣ͷž̫¯ȼհɣ̫Ҵ½еӳɣ
Ҷգһ̫Ŵܣ˫һϣһɹӡȻش̫Ҵ½֮У˲Ϣ֮䣬̫Ҵ½ʼ΢΢ζڵıԴ߶󣬲߶㾧˲ͷš

ҶͻȻ˫ſ̫Ҵ½һץƺ̫Ҵ½ץģֱӣسϿ̫Ҵ½
ʱҶȸоԼһ㣬̫Ҵ½ֱ֮ȼϷ仯ÿһף߼˲䱻̫Ҵ½ںϣûκų⣬һų⣬Ѵ½嶼ݻ١
ڣ̫Ҵ½ڲޱ䡣
˿־ط֣½ڷľɽʯһһգһֲ
֮Ԫ̫ǿʢÿһˣȻҲڸвǣÿһӣϴ߼ӿÿһϸʿڴʱ̣˲߼ʼ壬ͻơ
ΪԪϱø߼ضÿһʿֻҪͻо޴ͻƣڲͻƣľҲ㣬ٵͼʯʼΪ߼ʯ
ܶ鳤ҲŴ½ÿһףΪͷı䡣
ࡢһ嶼̳֮С
̫Ҵ½ϵƺҲ߼ϵӿ̫Ҵ½֮Уı½ʵ߼̫ԵǼʷ籩΢Ʋãͻȫݻپϵ̫Ҵ½һ壬Ĩɱ
ɣ
Ҷһλʿ޲ϾͰ̫Ҵ½ָߵǿգǣʵֻ
̫Ҵ½ÿһףҶʹţҶڷӡ̫ģ̫¯ȼգȼʯֱṩ߼ң֮Уʮڻʿ
ЩʿҪΪҶṩЩֻ·һܻڣҲҶȵҪôˣۼҲʮ־ˡ
ãڵĺ㾧ڽΪ񣬷߼
㾧ǽؼȫػ㾧ԭ֮оӵ̫⣬Ϻ㾧֮УҲ̺ԣԷѺ㾧ΪҲ¡
ں㾧֮ϣ⣬ڲںϰ΢߼
̫Ҵ½ѾҶںϣڣҶǣ̫Ҵ½ڿն֮ԽԽ
ģ׼Ѿûһ̣ɾʱ
½ڲ޴㳡֮У㳡ķضĻ磬ÿӶͻƣտС
ڹ㳡ϷʥҲո߼ȴʥĹ룬ʥһͷŵķ⣬ͷһʥķ⣬һյŵƣŵƣȻ͸ſԾơ
ʥƤΪ˽ɫ˫ͫҲͷ⣬ϢȫͬʥʥİٱǧҪ¡
ʦģڲ͸ľݻһյƣƣƺ̤ŵĹؼ
ʥģȻΪͨ쾳߽ףңݴ½ʥλţ֪ȿ϶ᳬ£ֱ졢Ҷȱȼ硣
ȻʥüģȻ˸һe֣صַȻʥӵһԹʱյϢ
ţ
ϵ֮ϣħƺӦʲô˫ͫͷ⣬ֱ̫Ҵ½Ȼһӵдøʥģû뵽һˣھȻӵԶŷԵһɳ϶ħɵУ
ȷǸţҸоˣȵ컹ҪŨңʮŨ񣬳Խɾʥҵ³ɳҲᱻƿأ
Ҷ֮󣬱ȳħҪȣΪӳħУɱ⣬ʥնɱ
ϴһСӲʲôһڣǾͲһˣţԶʱڲѹħһͳɵķ磬ɼҲƲ磡ħ
ҶȵҲһĵͲʧֵܻģɱһʥģҲһ޷ֹ˵֣֮
仰óħ𰲾ޡ
ʥı仯֮ôˡ
һ̫Ҵ½ڱ仯һһ
嶼ڷո߼ͻƵɣȻɣɾǿߣҲʼͻͨ쾳˶̺½ȫΪʣһۺ
ÿһأʥأң̫Ҵ½ƺȫӺ֮룬ƯڰգϵҡΡ
ҶҲʥ칫ʮˣڷգ壬ͻƾ磬仯ʮ־ˡ
̫ҵ۹ҶԶҶ졢ࡢʸɵȵȶڲϳûͻơ
šĿˣû뵽ˣ˲ͱաͷŹǰɣ
ҶͻȻоѹ˾ʯԽأĻʿһɶ
ʱ򣬶
͵һţ͸Ӧ⿪ӡţӵ˵磬ֱӽ½֮С
ǿʢ⡢ѵƷһƷ찡ô꣬ҲŵõƷ
ȺϿգ죬һɫɽǰɽԪҲڲ壬ʱ򣬺Ȼ½룬½Դڱ
ƷһƷֲãĽڣȻνа˷ְˣҲûںɽ׼ͻɾ߽Ͼ磡
һ𺳣õıڴ½򣬻κҪҪһպãͻһͬ
Ũҵ֮ǰ߰ٱһǸ߼
ʥ칫ͷһϵϢѾͻƵͨ쾳ʮףԭͨ쾳߽ףڣٿȻӰٱϲ֣£ϣͻɾﵽ۷Ϊ
ʥ칫ΪͺܸʥݽߣͻɾҪͻɾһǧ򱶡
ʿҲѹǿߣҲʥ칫һΪﵽɾҲ¡
һʿΪͻƣһЩţᣬǽһֲĵز
ӿ֮ʣҵ̫Ҵ½ʼ˻ǸоĿƵģ޷ƿء
߽ס
ڣҶҲ͵һ̫Ҵ½ʮֹȡڣڿʼͻ߽ס
һȼգγɾ޴¯һžըҶȺܿͻ߽ףҪ׼ͻɰ˽ס
ԭڽ½֮ǰҶȾʵͻʮףΪ˴ȻŴ½ΪҲһͬ
Ȼ취õġ
ҲͻƵ߽סҲһͬͻͨ쾳ʵ⣬һԺ߶쾵ֻߣ
΢΢һҶȾ͸Ӧڴ½ķַͻƣֱͻ߽ף磬Ȼʵ籾𣬵ҲжԿͨ쾳ͽ׵ʵ½ںϣƿ쾵Ϊϴ½ɱɾ߽׶¡
ɾʵǣҲһԿǸ߼ɾͷ
ӵд½ǿ쾵ԿκɾǿҲ£ɾ߽ףҲ⣬նɱ


331 
ڰҶڣ˶̫Ҵ½Ǽʸ߼Ԫע̫Ҵ½ԭͼ½ʼѱ䡣
Ҷ˵Ǵеǰ졢桢׽Щɫʡ͵ƣɾԿ⣬ֻͻͨ쾳ͻɾ֮⡣
ҪͻΪõǿ취٣̩λֵ͵λ棬ʮϡҶǿһУУֻô½һУѸΪҲһ졣
Ҷǿʵɾնɱͨ쾳Ǹ߽ףһͻͨ쾳ǾʵķԾնɱκͨ쾳ǿߣݺ޵֣ɾǿߣͲټߣηηβӶ߶칭ǧͼͼҲɾ
ν½ʮʱ䣬½ĥҶҲͻͨ쾳ǣô½ҶȽõһΪ֧ԮṩԴԴϵʵٴߣͻͨ쾳ʮٱҪǿ
ֶԱȾǣҶȿԼͻͨ쾳ֻһȭͷôںһҶʵһٶȭͷ޷ȣ½޷õ

̫Ҵ½ڣγ籩ɨҶأʵǳ磬֮
½ʿڷѱ䣬Ҳ֮һͻƣеɾͻƵɾɾһƿɾͻɾЩ
ɾǿͻƣͻͨ쾳ԭЩͨ쾳ǿߣѾʼ߽ףɾ
̫Ҵ½仯쳣˵ġ
߶ȻЩ
Ǽ֮У̫Ҵ½Ҷǿʵƿأҽڽڷָ߶Ƚ߼Ԫӿ̫Ҵ½ЩԪΪصں̫Ҵ½ͻ̫Ҵ½ѱ䡣
Ҷͷڻ̫ĵʮҺûң̫¯ҲܲϵʯԴʱ䡣
Ÿ߶ԽߣҶȽԼ̫ͣ㣬ܿȥ޷סͷ̫⣬ϣ̫Ҵ½߶ȡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˴׼־ǵҪãΪ֧½࣬ո߼Ԫأϵؼӳֺ㾧񣬺㾧Խڡ
㾧½һͬͬһ壬ںϣڷɣǼ֮вϽ
½ΪƿߣҶȸоϢԽԽأڴǧͼƿ̫Ҵ½Ͻʵ޷Ѵ½ǳħҲ
ν̫Ҵ½ǧͼǹؼûдǧͼҶȾǰѴ½һߣҲǳ˵Ρ
ϴҾͰѽ֮Ԩ̫Ҵ½֮У׼һѱɣ
߸֮գħվڼƽҶȽ̫Ҵ½ٶԽԽ϶Ǹ߼Ҷ̫Ҵ½޴ѹֻһ磬һΰ߼һ޴ʯֱ̫Ҵ½ϵ
֮Ԩ
̧ͷһҪ룬Ҫ½ÿһ׸߶ȶʮѣо߼Ҫ̫Ҵ½ΰ򣬴޷η塣
̫Ҵ½ڲʿҲܵͻƺﵽƿطŷ𶳽һ㣬ۿ߼Ԫǰ˸ȴ޷ա
꣡
㾧ͻȻ飬æʩչĶ֣һݷƬץסЩƬпܷɳ½ʧ֮Уô̫Ҵ½ͳ׳Ϊʯ
һƬץһĶĵң㣬Կ߼Ҫ
ţ
ͻȻۣո̧ͷһΰԽ̩λĸ߼ȻĵģȻʼڣ㾧һƬܿո߼㾧񲻶飬廹Ϊɫһ޴ӡ
ͻɰ˽ף
ź㾧ʵѱ֮󣬷֮УȻҲ˸㾧ͬʵصϢ͵һڰѺ㾧壬ͷӿڰ棬Ϣʼڵ
½Զ֮Уһ⣬ͻȻǽ⣬ûΪ콣⡣
򽣹ڡ˽һɨ˻ģ
콣⴫һĺţ֮УȻΰͶӰЩͶӰɣˣ˾ǽ
⻯˲еͨ
ﵽ˾磬˲ˣΪһ΢ʣ壬Իûǧ򻯵壬Ϊ¯
Ͻͻɾ֮ӵа֮壬񣬾Ȼʩչͨ⻯Բǽһ޼᲻ݵľɽ
գ綼ǽ⣬ݺɳۣϽԻΪһ⣬һɹء
߽ס
Ͻ⣬ͻȻǧ򽣹⣬Ȼؾۼһ⿪ʼһߴ죬ϣͷŵƣƣ̫Ҵ½ϵҲ޷赲ֱӴ˾ϵ
Ȼͻ߽סãôһǿߣԺҲɵ߷֣
ȫ½Ҷȣһ轣⣬ȻƾϵӶǡôһʯʯ˲ݻ٣һǼʷ籩
ǽ֮ԨɽλĿռӳ̫Ҵ½֮½Ѿȫѱ䣬ӵԺʥ
Ҷɿˣõ֮Ԩӳֱ֣ӽ˴½ʣ̫Ҵ½ǲҶǣҲȻﵽһƥĸ߶ȡ
ȻҶ˿˫֣ھϵ֮ϣ½һͬϷ˶ޱȵǣҶȻۣɰ˽סƣ
ڿʼҶҪΪͻͨ쾳׼ʼͻɰ˽סŽסʮףȴ½һ̣ͻɾ
һ޴¯Ҷȣںڶ򣬾һĿǻããޱߵʱա
͡
һʼȻӿڣҶ˲ͻɰ˽ףȻŻ¯ٴξ޴ֿʼӭɾŽס
ڶҶ˵ɾͻƺϰ̫Ҵ½Դӳ£Ҷһͬڵĸоͻͨ쾳
ɰ˽ͻƾŽףֻҶȴȴûߣʵķԾø͸
֮Ԩһ̨ӳ̫Ҵ½֮󣬷ڴ½ڲ÷ظȼʱ߼ɣ΢ʯһ㣬ֲ޴ٱң½Ȼص
½Ǽʸ߼ӿԪ֮Уڴػ΢Щ΢İ壬УЩ΢ںϴ½֮ô½ʼһʯϵչ
̫ˣ½ڲΪص΢̫Ҵ½ƽǿա
ҶͻȻۣΧͣתһ̫Ҵ½Ȼǲ٣ʥߵȵǿգȸ߶ȣҶȹƮǲࡣ
̫Ҵ½ͣһ̣߼Ԫأʼ޼ɵӿ̫Ҵ½Ҷ˲͸оͨ쾳Ϣڱڵڴ½֮ݺᣬ̫࣬ǧͨ쾳ʿˡ
ңһӰʯ֮ϣʯͷųԽʯԽʯϢֲһƣɺ㾧仯ĳ̫ɹ
֮УȻ͸ŵʥ⣬ϢҶϢʮҴҶȵԪء
ţʥϢԣӦþǴʥλŵӣʥģȻͻɾ
ɾǧ꣬ȻͻɾٶȣȫԽ˵죬ʥĳɾͻᳬԽ죡
һʱաѷϢӴ½ͷųЩҪ̫Ҵ½ϵ̫Ҵ½ѾҪγ򣬾ϵʮǿ󣬰Ƹ
ֶһλɾǿߣʥʥġ졭ɾ֣̫ʵҲ㲻׼һ̣ͨ쾳
ͨ쾳빵ͨ죬̤һɵĵġ
̫Ҵ½ϵ֮⣬صĿռ䣬ֳͶӰ
ɹˣӳֵǹɸ߼ȻǴĸ߼ˣ֮Ԩ
ѵѽ֮ԨˣȻ׼Ҫڴ½֮ʣѽ֮Ԩ½֮Уɾ͸߼򣿡
Ȼţ¶⾪㵱飬ʵ⣬ҶȾȻѴ½Ϊ
ʵȷһĸǣһҲԷ߼ǿɽ
Цúϲ£죬ƺᣬ˺ܾá


332 ͻͨ쾳1
̫Ҵ½ڲƽʿͻ֮ΪҡֱϣЩţͻʮ硣
ҶԪЩɾڣһͻƵɸ߽ף˽סʮףͨ쾳ֻһ֮ңʸѾ̤ͨ쾳ǧͨ쾳ʿˡ
еʿڽ֮еõ˺ôգΪҶȴˣ½һ̾Ҫ٣Ļᣬͣɾʿ׼ͨ쾳
ͨ쾳ɾҲв٣ݴ½߽֮ͨףɾԶûϣǣϣˣһ̣ǻͷȫŴ½һͬ
رǾ壬ʥˣνһΪҲͻƺü㣬ͨ쾳ŽסʮףʥͨʮףξȻһ綼ûͻƣǾˣ֮ᣬͻκ˶ǧ򱶣ڣʥѾ׼ɾһɹʥݺɾɱ޵С
½֮У̺ʣγʯÿһأˣҴ½֮һ
ֹͣ˺ڵȴʱ̡
̫Ҵ½ϵڷر߼ӿ룬ʣ籩һ뾧ϵþϵһδ飬ϵû˶飬Խǿ󣬲ո߼һ
ڣ̫Ҵ½߼ǶҪ߳٣һˮ࣬ƾϺһ
ɣûֹͣȴ̫Ҵ½ȫںϸ߼߶ƽ֮󣬲ŻỺֹͣ
㾧ѾѱΪӵĳΡҪ̫Ҵ½ʳռҽʵڻֻС
Ҷ̫Ҵ½籩֮У˼ټʥͱλ籩ɵ߰˰ˣ޷ṩ㹻̫Ҵ½ΪֻһΡʮ١̫Ҵ½ֱӽ
Ҷȵӵʱʮ١
ʮٸڵв룬ߵãʮӵΪصϣԶʱħηħϵعʮ١
ȻʮٻһѿǣһǿȡҶʮѿûжӰ죬̫Ҵ½˵ֱעô½˲óģ׳ɳ
ʵҶѾ̺ʮ˳½ҲʮΪ½Ҷṩ޴
Եôһ½ΪѾࡢ˵Զ
ƣҲ½֮У׼עһʮУ½̽ΪҲ򣡡
ȻҶת֮еĳħ
ʮ٣ϴ̫ݳˣ̫Ҵ½ҾܳΪ½Ȼʮãƾʮҿ԰˲
ħХţ˾һӰգգ̫Ҵ½֮С
̫Ҵ½ҵıԴڣʮҲᰲڴ½֮УԶ︴̫ſ̫Ҵ½Ҫ򡢻Ҫλ桢ɽ硭
ʮ߶̫Ҵ½ٶȣҶ뵽Ĳ㣬̫Ҵ½ԴѾҶںϣҰѷԶڴ½֮У̫Ҵ½򣬶һ޴λ棬Խɽλ档
ʮԶ񷣬ԶŵʱѾսᣬҶ׼ʮ̫Ҵ½γһµ磬磬ӵʮ٣һΪһ硣
һʮ̫Ҵ½Դںϣʮ½ںϣôʮپͿ̫Ҵ½ҲϳɳȥѿΪСΪ
һ̣һһϦڿʼҶƻӵԼ磬Խɽλ棬
ʳָָ̫Ҵ½ָһνƴɫâȻҶһ㣬ʥɫâ̫Ҵ½
ણ
ʮǹ̫Ҵ½ϵϣһˮΣƽҲϣö

˲Ϣ֮䣬һԶͬˮһϯ̫Ҵ½ÿ䶼ʮࡣ
ž
ʿӦʱըʼԶëϴ裬׸ı򣬴ӴԺǵ壬ӵйϵϢǵΪᳬԽˣɾϴ
ʮٵȻСȴиı䣬Ĳӣ򲻶ߣ
һ֮Уħ֮⣬Ưһʮһ̣ħ廯Ϊǧħ⣬ֱҲΪħ⣬󣬻ָħߴ
ʲôҵ򣬾Ȼ֮ǰŨʮʮ죬ϣͻư˽סŽסʮס̤ɵɾͲ࣡
ƽ֮ϣǧͻȻһ糯ϼâգγ˫ͫͷĽ⣬ȼա
ʮոǴ½֮У˲䣬Ϊһʥ⣬͸½һ֮У½ʣȻͣһʼΪʯ½һ֮һ
˲䣬̫Ҵ½ϵΪһԲΣ½ҲΪһҫŴ½ʿͻƣչ˫ۣںϣ߼工ëϴ衣
䡭
ţһԶŵĺعһ޴߳ţһλ޴ͷߣǾ巽ʥ
ʥƤ͸ʥĽ⣬ŽɫѪҺƤ͸ģ˫ͫհĹâ
ڷʥһλλˣԼˣÿˣðɾ޴󣬰ɣ֮ǰʮҪ޴һڽɫʣЩʣΪ˽ɫʡ
찡ˣ˳졭
ʶݵ࣬ڴ½κεط˾˸ߴǱֱƺأɢƣ춯أңƣȫѹ½κϢ
ˣɢϵơ
ܿһλλСˣȻ˲࣬ңʥҲͻɾˣҲһһͻͨ쾳߽ףʥߣƣκ˶Ҫ磬Ǿеš
ʮԶʱħŷף̺ħԼףһ̺
ʥЩսʿ½ѳΪˣҶȣԶҲѣڣõʮӳ֣֮򣬿ʼѡ
ϴЩʮʼѣԺһսʿ˭Ҳ޷赲
ħһ½ɳȫںƽأգ۾ͳҶߡ
ĺᣬõʮ϶Ҫѵģ
һĻҶҲ˷ܣһҶУͶһ֧ս޵ЩˣһԶеսʿҪΪľ
̫ڳΣƣΪػҪͻͨ쾳
ҶȺȻת˺ǡ̫ǽԶȻһֻʣʯվ¶ʯϣҶȻתƯҶ׼ʼɽ١
ͨ쾳Ҷ˵һɾѰٱĴ٣ͨ쾳ҪǲɵõϿɵĴѹأľ޴ѣ󣬱ȳǧٱҲǾ޴ġ
ɣ
Ҷȶ̫Ҵ½͵شһӡţӴ½֮зɳ˲Ҷǰ
γһ̣ҶѾͻʮףΪͨ쾳Ѿ׼һУҶȶŵ͵һ֮ͷųʱ֮䣬ʼ΢΢ƺܵʲôҪһ㡣
ңΧռųҲ΢΢Ǽʷ籩
ʮ̫Ҵ½̫򣬻׸ıƬʥԪءãʥ򣬲̫ͻָ״̬
Ǽ΢΢춯Ҷȷǳοһﵽ״̬ôƬΪʯ򣬶ָ塣
Ҷͷ֮ϣ͸֮УȻƬУһô޴󣬲תǺӿȥŤޡ
ǿĽ󡭡ɱҵٻҪ
ԶƯ̫Ϸĳħ𣬷ƵؿԶһ򱭴֣ɷһ̾
ħʶȻͨ쾳ٲʲôۼʶҶζԸģħκηˣòںҶȡ


333 ͻͨ쾳2
ͨ쾳٣Ϊ٣Ϊͨ죬ǴΪɵ
޳ɵܿ󣬲ܺɿຣﵽ˰
˿̣ǺӰ㲨׳ƵĽ֮ϣѹȶɾƣſήʯڲϲɳƬ΢΢Ϊٶ
󣬿ʼɢһ׹ڽ֮зڣһɾƣ޳
֮з׹⣬ħЦӿٻΪһ壬׻𽻸ڲһ̨޴и׼ҶȽвп͵и
һٻʯ˲֣ȥҶȫΧγɾϵһι磬ٽƷΧвСʯƻΪˮһը
ҵ٣ȷһʿٵİٱֹ
һʯ£˲Ҷ̲ס̾ʯӲҶȱκ˶
ƶ̫Ҵ½УһƬƬʯ赲Ҷȱ칭һһ䱬칭ǾƷе𣬱쾵Ҫ칭ݻʯ
ɴ˿ɼһɾʿҲ޷ʯǸ߽ɾ죬ͻ߽һ̣ͷųֱӴƾϵȻǿգһʯ䡣
ʯӲȿȴ£綹Ƶ飬ģ
߳
һֱ̫Ӵë׳⣬âɣҶͷ֮пͨ쾳߽׵İһʱ֮䣬Ͽշڽ磬ʼƱ仯
ţҶ𾪵ĳ淢ˣѰĽ֮Уһֻ׽١ٻȵȳڣҶȷֽ֮Уʼ˽ࡢġ졢ּսסֳ硣
һۿȥǴ󣬳ݻĸԶս
ͨ쾳ԺĴ٣ͨͨ˻ԶĴһ޷ԿҪ֮У
ҶΪ⣬ͨٲɾǰ㣬ֻ״̬ڳֳֻԶ򣬴ڷЩǶǴ취Ĵܣµΰ־
Զ־Ԧ󣬶ǣԻһƻ󣬾ͻᱻĨɱǴ飬վͨ쾳ǰҪһأȴҪϹŴ־С
Щʿͳͳһ̫ǵ꣬Ѿƿأκβʵһ˲Ĩɱ
򣡡
ǰδͨ٣Ҷչ򣬲һʱ䣬ǰʮڻʿ͵̫Щʿڽ½Ҳ㾡һһգҶҲɱЩϣΪãȫ̫
ţͭʥһչȻȥʮ޴һִۣǶ򾧱ϵ֮Уңھϵطӡڵ򣬿סɱκͨ쾳ʿ
֮ڣǧɵһסɾʿһ˲ɱסҲһ㲻ĽɾǿߣҪԿһʱ䣬ҲĨɱ
ޱߵҶûκô֮У컯ȭǿֶΡ
ҶΪ̫СӲ컯ȭһʽǿգڶʽ족ĥ֮УҶȴܷǿ̶ȣնɱǿС
ͨٷͬСɣ׼ãʮش٣һ㣬ӵл
ʯ룬һʥϵ磬ȥʯǶһ޴ʥľ޴ʯ
նɱ߽ͨʿҶȱҲնɱ˫һҶҲɱһǿߣ񣬾ɿԿɾԸȴֻͨ쾳ʿĴ١
ȥСĴã˭Ҷ岻ͬˣͨǳ˵İٱҲСȫԸ
ңҲս٣ڣٻ٣ƷƷеļƷԸͨ٣ֶһǿֶΡ
ͬһҲͷſֲȻȲϱȴҲǿնɱͨ쾳ʿһƵĻ磬һ÷ӵնɱͨ쾳ס߽׵
˲䣬Ҳ֮ٴγϯصĻһ۾˻ս
һͬͨ쾳ͨٴδﵽɾǿ߶ĳ̶ȡ
һˣ
Ȼڵ֮У׹𣬸ַڳ֣Ѹ͵ӿһ޴սģֻ趯󴸣սģս
ֻսԽԽӽ֮н٣һȥ緱һܼ
¡¡¡
ֿʼսģҶȶĤѵ쳹ʯһ㣬Щ΢΢Ҷȴһͷ򱣻ǣҶû뵽ǣսȻܴ͸
սϱҶû뵽һپ˹Ƿ̷ʼգŲʡ
Ȼĳ˸йٷգ¡¡սʼ󣬶Ҷ˿ûӰ죬ã˫־Ȼӿ˴սģһβǴս֮бһ˽һ˵Ƽ
ҶȺȻüͷ壬սĻ㼯һɰңսĿٳԼѹһؽ춯أҶһپҪױ٣ͨٲ򵥣쾵١
ǣ𣡡
Ȼͦ壬ʷһֱһץͰ쾵ץסֻ쾵ƿʼ˺ѹ⻷
׼ƣ
սķ񴷴ƶһ޴ʯۿҪҶͻȻ˫һƣݵһһ˺ѵ⣬һһ䣬˳磬սġ
߳߳ž
˺ѵ˲һ͵죬ֱӰս縲ǣ춼˺ѵ⣬ǿտȥ˹ѴȻս˺ѵȻըεıըսӪը췭ظ
Ҳ֮飬ŷ쾵˺κεΰٷҲһҪ顣
ţСģȻûȫʧ
Ȼ֮Уǿسһͬ磬ҶӿҶ˫üһչһץķɵһƬȥˡ
һ٣оնȹˡ
ڶ١Ȼսѥ
û͵һһǿϢ֮нˣҶ̧ͷһʱܵһɰԵϢ֮Уһֻֻţȴһֻֻƽսѥǧǡ
ⷬ󿴵ҶĿɿڴ٣Ȼսѥȥŷ񴩹ѥӣԵǿᣬŷ̤
ֻˣ
Ҷȿɲǿսѥ⣬˫һϣڷվʼͷͭʥ⡣
ͻͻͻ
ڲʯھһζ׹޾λԨ֮ϣ֮£޴սѥʼֱ̤ӳ̤ƶ
ܵڻζһݣԼڵʯҲھҡΣҶӰˡ
䡭
һսѥ̤򾧱ϵ֮ϣ֮͵һ𣬱ұըҶڱߣҲڿ񱩣սѥ̤һ̣ҶȾ͸оѹסһ쳣ܡ
ͨ٣ֲ̫̬
䡭¡¡¡
սѥַϵغ򾧱ϵըĻ棬ȫ˶ʯ򣬱춯ص
ȿȡ
Լȥ󣬱ըʧɢȥ¶Ȼʯ򣬵ǣҶͲˣ۵ЩǱ
ꡭ
ɣôˡһҴϢĻᶼûУ
Ҷȴ¿ˮ̧ͷһսѥ٣ڴӽ֮У޴٣ֳ׽٣ÿһ٣ֱﵽң֮׽١
ڣ׽ҲҪˣ׽٣֮Уڡ˸档
쾵
Ե٣׽٣Ҷȿɲ׽ٶôԵһǾ͵òʧԽԽ棬ֵԸֵ쾵Ը׽١
٣׽٣һ׽ͬʱ٣ôֲ
߳߳
ͻȻ֮䣬׽ٳ䲻⹥䲻Ѹײڶ֮ƴգѸ͵سѹ
𣡡
˫ץס쾵׽٣עǿʢ̫壬쾵֮С
¡߳߳
ҲȻһ޴˺ѵ⣬һ˺ٲڰգ׽˺ٲʱ䣬췭ظʯϿ֧顣


334 ͻͨ쾳3
ʯϿգ˺ѵ׽٣Ȼײڣ뱾ͬʱ˺ʮɼ׽жô͡
˺ѵȫס׽٣һ˺ѣ飬죬׽ȫΪ״Ȼһ˲飬Ϊ
ʯϿನϣȻ⵭׹⣬񱩡
Ǿ֣Һû򡭡Ȼ򲻻飬ҲҪɢڼ쾵
ŷҶȾ֪쾵ҪĴԷΪֲ֧סιڷֲ̫ܶԴ̫ոгѱ䣬ڳɳΣ
ڣֻп

һ̣ٽˣڽƷ֮Уǵʧ׵磬ȡ֮һ˵磬ǿγɣ·Ҫʯ򶼸֡
ŶپȻǽٻ𡭡Ǿ̫ˣڻ˲ֽٻڷԿٻӦѶȲ󣡡
ػ磬ҶȫһƬ棬ƯŸֵҩȫɾµҩ߼ҩȴûУΪֻƳ뾳ȼĵҩ
ôִ࣬ҩûЩҩ˵ֻǱˮнҶǿͨҩѾûãҲ˷ѣԴɲ˷ѣңڱҪԸ󼸵٣ǵʮ٣ǿ϶ǻصġ
٣Ϳˡ
ȼգڻ߲֮㣬ȫעᷨӡ濪ʼȣγһӲ
Х
ػ磬Ȼ٣ȼƵģǼʷ籩ޱȣһƬȡ
ٻ֮Уز٣ȻܳʮֲֿǶҶ˵ĴٳԽ˰ٱٻҲٱģηսٻϿԶȹش٣Ҳ÷õԺĪ
̫󣡡
Ȼ˫һƣ򣬾Ȼһ޴ȼյ̫
̫ģ԰ؽٻ𣬷ȻһùԺԵ󷨣ں磬һ޴Ļ̫
Ȼȥʯһյת󣬶ؽٻͬХһ˲л󣬴ײò³󷨺ܿתѰؽٻʼɢһһ⡣
¡
޷ֵٻײӸ߿׹䣬صʯ¶رҳһӣڻתѰؽٻ𶼸⣬˻𣬿϶ѷķѡ
ãúսٻеĸ߼Ԫ񣬻Ϊо޴棬Ĵٽң
ɳ磬һ䣬ͰѻΧǷսٻʱҶȿɲᡣ
ಡ
ϣˣӽ֮УɳһЩһ춼ǣ顣
Щ϶ͬһ㣬ÿһлһʯɣҾ㶷һ
һ֣ҶȱʩչĶ֣ȻȻһͳͳһͬ٣籩ꡣ
ͳͳ𣡡
ҶȲ߶ʮһʩչԼͨ쾳߽׵һһץʱͱըըֲȻ򶼲飬Χʯˡ
ͨ١
ÿһԿҶȾ͸оһΪﵽͨ쾳߽׵ǿ߽֣ǧǧ߽׸֡
ôˣҲһλͨʮǿ߽֡
һһδν֣ǧΣҶԿ޷٣޵սʩչĶ֣һץͰѴݻ٣Ƭǿն鱬ը棬ңʯѾһֱԽԽСҶȶɽٶ׻Ϊһ
䡭
ʮʧҲˣҶ۵úǱûϢƬ̧̣ͷһȻٽƺҪҶĨɱκδϢᡣ

Ȼڵٹȥǿ֮ϳ˺ɫ籩Щ籩֮УʯƬȻ籩˲顣
٣Ȼ硭ãɣʮ磡
ڽ֮£ʮ籩Щ籩ɲ򵥣һҲᱻݻ٣Ϊ磬֮У׽١ٻĻ
磬޿ײ룬ΪԷ绯κμʡ
쾵ֵ㷢ˣ
Ҷȴһץг쾵ע̫⣬̫Ϊʵʯ˲ݻ٣һҲܲסԣҪͷŸǿһٴݻʮ硣
ˡ
쾵̫ܵȻʼöŷ̫õͷţƿʼֽ⡣
𣡡
ʮ罵֮ʣƣǼ֮κʯʶݻ٣Ҷȱ׼ʮ磬߶쾵
͡
һʮ˺ѽ⣬ֱʮ缤ȥֻѺۣŷ򼴽Ҫ顣
߳
˺ѽ˲ʮֲ磬һѺ۴ʮ˲ǣȻ󣬾ʹ޴𶯣Ȼƽ֮֮ǣ쾵ƷССͨ쾳ܷ
գۼ䣬ʮ籩ͳƣȻ˲粣һ飬׹λԨ
ͻ߽ףҲŪơͨ쾳
̫һƬտƽĺգ˱ˣȻһ룬Ǹʮң棬Ӣ˵ꡣ
ͷ߽ǿֱӿ̫Ҵ½ϵԶ֮ģʯ֮϶ɽٵḶ́һ
ˡɽٳҲˡŰ쳤÷һ̾ЩĽҶš
ܿ򣬻ɾǿߣʥʥġʥЩҲܿ򾧱ϵ޷ǿӦҲӾϵ֮ܵǵͨ١
Ż
ɹ٣Ҷȳƿȥ麹ֻӽ֮УʮѩסӨʥŻȻߴɣţ򣬳һɴ̹ǵĺ⣬Ǽʷ籩סˡ
٣ȻʮĵŻʲôǼʷ籩ܶᡭʥǹɣ
ŴӽƳֵʮŻǼʷ籩ˣ֪һŻʹڱо޴ΣֻУճ֮ʣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮĵʥǹˣÿһӳ̫⣬˸һطϵġ
ڣʮŻѾӽ֮¶ͷŵĺǼʷ籩ᣬҶڵʯҲʼᣬΪһ顣
칭ơ
ʮĵʥǹһ̣Ҷȷһץ칭ڳˣʮĵŻʵȿֲ绹Ҫʮֹһ٣˵ʯҪᣬʱҲҪᣬо޴ΣֻǿֶΣ
ݣ
Ҷͷð麹߶칭ȴ߶쾵Ѱٱһ߶Ĵ칭һʮĵʥǹʱ򺮱Ż
䡭
ʮŻûü٣ͱһʥǹݻˣը֮бҲɢȥ
ҶҲ۵һ£֮һԭ򣬾ѾĲ߶칭ЩԲ
ǣ
ȻҶ׼ٹȥڰٻϽ٣ڳʱҶȾˣΪڰ٣ȻһſʯЩʯһ֮ӳʯ֮УγɵĿֲʯ
ôһʯܻҶڵʯʮʯܻ̩λκ򣬰ԺƮǡ
ʯһʮţʮʯҪǽٻݻٴᱬը䡣
ģΪʲôô̬
Щ̺֮һʯҶЩôһɾٶҪʮ
XXҶҲ̲ס˼ֱ۸ˡ
ϴ󡭡½ٷмַٵĴ٣ӦǵȼߵģЩʯɾҲܺɱ
ȻҶȶߣħ𵭵


335 
ɾ޷⡭죬ҪҶɽʧܡʧڳ֮УҶȾͷҪ졭
ҶȻ˵ͷȫǺˮҺý۱ˮҶһ죬ս칭׼󾢲ʮʯһһ
һſž޴ʯȻǴӽ֮ең֮Щɳ΢ɣһſʯ󣬴ﵽͨСһЩʯɣ̺ٷ֮ÿһŶдƺŵ
Щʯ̫ǿ޵Уû칭ս
ֱͦڲ֮ϣƶ٣һſڷʯҶȸܵǰδеѹȣѹȣԵ졢ǧ䡢桢Щʵǿ޵ȫһ
ǿߣ޷սʤ٣ǲɿܣоκͨıǰǰ׷ѹ򣬽ʾ֭Ҳ޷ӹ٣䡣
ʷ֮УֹѹصʿʬͶ˺󣬶䣬ʤ̭بŲ
֮·ʬɵһͨݡ
һɣ
һɵĹʥǹɢʥƲܣ칭׼һѾγɵʯһţʥǹ칭֮ͻͻͻļ
һʥǹһһʮͷʥâܣ·ʮʯȥ
¡
ǰǿʯڹʥǹ֮ʣȻײʯڲ᲻ɴݵʥǹ̺̫⣬ӳЩ칭ܣжôֲ̫޼᲻ݡ
ʯ˲䷢ըطֻ־࣬ʯըƬ𶯣Ż籩
ţһſʯըըƬƶЩɢ˻

һſʯըҶֳ칭ҲһľǱģӣʮʥǹĴ̫⣬ҺҶ׼Ȼڿ϶եɳ˽ʬ
Ȼ󣬵űٻΪɳ
Ĵ߶칭Ҷƣ칭ǾƷɾҲ޷߶һɡ߶ʮּѣҶӵԣҲ޷칭
쾵Ҳһɾ޷߶ģǿ߶쾵ǿǿߣ깩ɣ˫Щǿߣܴ߶
Ҷھ̫ͣͨ쾳Իʮʯ
ڰ١ѾǿᣬھʮأҪľ
ʮʯûбҶһһ䱬Ҷ̿ƣȻֿʼӿֹ֡
ھ٣羮
һսģȻֱսѥ׽١桢硢Żʯ֪ھ٣ֺε
ͻͻͻ
һΣӿҲʼζƺһɿ̩λҪˣһ׹⣬ȻǴӽ֮н٣ŲϽ٣һ޴һʮʮս
ʲô⣿
˲䣬ҶЩͷԣû뵽ھ٣ǻϢ෴һƮ
ϴ󣬹û뵽½編ϹɣȻԼ٣ϴֻҪɹһأͻͨ쾳
ȻħΰӰ̫˹һûнҶ֮ڣٹңҲҶȴΣҶȵЩ־ϿɣҺ棬ϴ㾡ܴݻЩҲðһô
ʲôʱ򣬻鿪Ц
Ҷһ۳ħħѹ£ӣɣЦ
ҶҲЩ֮едԵǵ½絮취Ϲµ־һͨУܵõ־ϿɣҶȾͻ̤ͨ쾳
һʮƯǿգŷÿһ֮ϣһλԶŴɣӲ񷸩
־ɲǿЦġֱЩ
ڣҶʶЩʯҪֲһɹܵõͬһʧܡҶȼŲʧܡ
־ɵ
һΡ̫⣬ӳְɡ
ҶȾȻͷ弸е̫⣬ʼʮ˵ʥǹһʥǹͷ̫ΰԣͬʱ޼᲻ݡ
ħۡ졭
ʱԶ򣬳ħͻȻ˫һգü˸һħ⣬Ȼħǵ˫۳ˡ
ۣͷħ⣬͸ѪȣȻħѪȣȴаħаֻһȻа
ݡ
Ҷգվ֮У屻ǧͼƯʮ˵ʥǹһһںڶ򣬳ʮ˵Ŀҫֱ
졭
ʮ˵ʥǹħǵۣȻͷһɹصĺɫϢϢ͸֮Уţصʥâ
ꡭ
ʥǹٿȻʥһףȻ赲סʥǹǣΰ֮£Ǳʥǹ̳һƣĹѳ֡
¡
ʼ飬ըʥǹҲըΪը棬Ƭٴαըһ˽һˣңԶ򣬳һ޴ıըۻ
˭˭ѹΰ԰
ΰԵˡ鰡־ʱ
ȻһƮ˻ơԶš֪ĸʱգĸλޣƮ졣
˭˵
Ϊе˳֣ҶͷԣķһȴûκεˣûиӦκϢֻгħֻ̫򣬾ҲûκϢ
ȿȡ
Ҷ壬칭ŷޱȣһΣľеʮ˵ʥǹղܴݻʮû칭Ҷڿվˡ
ҺҶȴ֮У̫¯ȼգ֮лдӿҶõӳ֣ңǧвٸ߼ҩҶȶûжãڣóʮŵҩ¡
Щҩɾƶɣͨ쾳ĪҶ˵ȴָֻܻһǰô΢ھһ紺ˮƢָоʮ泩
ϹȻٷ󲿷ǣղ
ħͻȻջۣ˫ͫϸЦݡ
ۡۡ
ѵѵǡԶš
ͻأĴһ̾
ЩѾɣڱǰװŪͳͳ˯ɣҲҪ־
ħ𱬷һȣҶȶ޷˱սķҪֲȻ䣬Զɢ
ߣ֪ҵݣҷħſնǿգһЦȻתҶȷȥ
սġսѥ׽ٻ桢硢Żʯ찡ٷ׷׳֣ѵʮ٣Ǿٵļ壿
ɹھ٣ʮҶȸоѾپͻȻ̧ͷһսĵˡսѥǿ׽ٵĻݺᡭǰһ̣׷֣ںΪһƬ硣
⡭ֱҪĨɱҡʲôϹ־ңɱ񡭡ټ壡
һ̣Ҷȸܵ޷־֣γ磬磬ȵھҪǿʮ
ֱǲҶ˿Ϣһ˿ᰡ
ϴѾõϹϿɣʮ٣ȷǿȴֻǴѣϴ󣬿Щ֣
ħ˿ҲҶȣΪ֪ҶȵʵڿҶȴڱԵʵҶȻ
һ٣ݻٰɣ
컯ȭһʽ̫飬û翪棬浮磬Ϣ
ʮ٣ҶȲ칭ҪҪٿ⣬ҶȼţԼһ
չֳˡ
еһ̣Ҷ壬̫̫⣬Ҳȫ컯ȭӡ֮С
ţҶȶһֱδù
𵤡
𵤣Ϊӵн𵤣ԳɣԻ񣬽ʿԴûн𵤣ʿ޷棬ԣ򲻵ѣʿǲᶯ

˲䣬̫¯̫̫Լ𵤵мӳ컯ȭӡ֮ϣʱ򣬶ʥΰʥ⣬ҶȶǽƣٵĻ壬һȭ
ݡ
ΰʥ⣬ڶֱʮ٣еսġսѥ׽١桢硢Żʯͳͳһ̣컯ȭһʽ֮С
ûаûкڰֻй컯ȭ


336 ̫
ֳˡ˵ҳħݺɽ磬ҲδּÿµʥңҲᱻʥ
ںڶ򣬱Ϊʥʥ֮󣬳ħͻȻ뿪ƬʥӴȻħݺᡣ
һеȵڻŴ½Ѫ֮УҶʩչԸħеҪǿ
컯ȭߣ粻ṩҲڲϽֱ󣬴ﵽĵȼ
ֳʥµʥ⣬ʥƬƣвϷ΢΢O@·Ҷ˸оľųɣϵ͸΢
̫¯ҲҪϨҶһգ˳״̬ǵҲ˿ʣҺýڣһͷţҲʮ־ˣϻдǧͼҲһֱûͷš
һΣԿͨ쾳ҶȵһʹýҲͷһΣĵ˸ɾ͸Щʧ棬Ƕ˴ʯһҲ˵ʧ
Ȼ۾޴󣬵Ҷȫ֤ͨ쾳٣ʵȫ԰ȫɹ
ҶȲɵӣҪ֤ɵһ濹⣬쾵칭˳ɽ٣úԴѷ
ž
ȻҶұըʹޱȣһըϣѪʴë忪ʼΪͨ쾳ʣʼ֮иӸ߼

ʥȻʧƬƿҪɢȥǣӽ֮Уһϼʥ⣬Ҵӽ֮͸Ҷ졣
ʥϢȻ쾵칭ҪңȽ֮Ԩ߼Ҫ߳ǧ򱶡ϼâʲô
δӴϼâҶǿӦ͸ܵʥǳԽ쾵칭ĸ߼
ʥϢ
ͻȻһӰ̫и߶˾ϵ֮Уɳһλߣǿ˸֣档
ǰ
Ҷ͸Ӧ֣Զͳʩ񺰵
ͣԶûпҶȣңҶȲԶгħţ濴ҶȣʵʥޱȣҪ̫ô򽫻
ǰҲʶϼʲôҶȻΪʶܹ㣬ôһ˵֪Ҳȸ߼
ϴ󡭡ɽ紫˵кܹϵΪϼ⣬ţǻ籬ըʱһ߼ֻɽ磬ңδ֪ںδϿգõϼ޷ʣ˵ӳֵ̫һ֮󣬾ӵи߼ԴԽλ桢ɽ綼кô
Ҷɻ֮䣬ħ˹ûһۣƺ֪ڴʲô⡣
ʱҶ룬棺ǰȥɣϾͰϼ̫򣡡
˵ͷͻΪһ磬̫ʱħЦһøСһ۲С
ҲΪ룬޿ռΪһ壬ҲûʲôһλǰӦòйҪ󡭡
Ǳģһ㣬Ҷȸտʼˣ棬ҶȻΪмΰͳЩҲôӦοôһǿҲ̫һ޵з
ɾ磬ǿˣһָͷܰʲô桢Ľǿߺɱǧ䡢̩ǰҲҷ
棬̩λľްԣҪǲɵͳһ̩λ棬½λ档
Ϊϵǵˣǽ֮֡
žž
ʥϼ˲ҶȣʱɽΪԶصʼΪҶȷëϴ裬飬ϸԾٴѱ䣬ӡ
ĸоͨ쾳Ȼһӽ״̬ڣͨ쾳˽סŽסʮףնɱ
ϼ壬ڷӣҶڷӣήϼ֮˲תΪ̫⣬̫¯ҲںȼգҲʼ񣬲ңٴμӳ֣ɱΪͨ쾳ˮ׼
һṦʹﵽͨ쾳ˮ׼֮ǰǿʮֹӡҲڷݱ䣬ֱǹҶԪҲѱ䣬ΪصĽ𵤣ڷϼ⣬ͻͨ쾳һ̵ľϵַ̺ڲϵݱ
աӿա
һҲԡϼ֮УٶȾͱȲҶȣűһͬͨ쾳ַҲڼɱ䡣
̫򣬼ӳ⣡
˫һӣ˲ӡϼ⣬Ȼӡڴǧͼ֮Уֱӷ̫򣬶ʱϼѾ
ϧϼⲻ޵ġ
ϼԶȥҶȲҲûа취ʱҲʧǿ˭Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ
Ҷڵʯֻʣ²ʮ֮һô޴Ҷٲ£ֻʣôһ㣬ҺǿݽߵģҪһҶȿҪʹġ
٣ҶȲͨ쾳ҶһܽӴҶȫףǹƨֻʵʵͿԸıҲϹɵ
ʥڿʼ̫򣬾½Ϊ̫ڿٻָ̫ôһŸ߼ڣƬ̫ȻҲΪһƬʥأ
֮ǰѾȫһǼʷ籩ڼݺᣬ˷ӿʯѾʼʡ
ƬҪָ״̬ǲһһϦܴﵽģݱ䣬Ҫʱ䡣
ȥ̫ٴαչС
һ£ת̫Ҷԭ£ڳΪʯϣħҲƯǿգƺһ
ҶҲʼ̫λʮ꣬ʮ꣬ɴƻɹͻͨ쾳̤ǿУͻƣ෽ҲҪȥ򣬸ҲҪ̬
һ̫ҶȾͳֲЦݡ
δ½ʿΪͻʮ磬ʮɾǧͨ쾳ʮͻɾһΰ漣
̫ʿݴ½ǸʱڣҪǿǧ򱶣Դḻѣ壬ΪţᵮɾǿߣʱȫԳΪԽԺ
ˣ̫½ݴ½ʱʮ֮Уֻ̫һС򣬵ҶΪԽߣ̫ǽ޾޴
˫Щһ֮Ҳͻɾǰ붼£ɾǰɣе
ͻɾ˫ɢӵţҲԸɢ̫ҵ۹еɣȻɸҲûб̫ҵ۹ɢ̫ȫΪһʥء
ʥأֻŻУ˫ЩСС½һȥλ棬ƨ㣬õҶ˼ӳ֣ͻɾѾ̫ȥ˵ͻƸ߽׵Ŀԡ
Щ˶ϼ޻֪ڵ̫ʥأ£Ҷǿ󣬽̫Դӷḻи
ھǸߣҲԸߣңҶʲôˣǶɱϣԵ˺ѣȴˬ󷽣Դ
ʥ칫Ҳͻɾ
ʮǿҲãȥŻ٣ټ
ͨҶ˽⵽޴仯ͻɾȻ̫ۺϻҪ࣬һɾͷʵҲӵвͣͨ쾳߽׵ʿȱ޷ͻơ
̫ǵõ޴ôͻƣʵ̫Ҫǿһ֡
ص̫ǣϽӼǰݴ½˫ʥҶԶҲʸɵȺģ̫ҵ۹һƻǾͳһȨж
ɣɼɸҲòԣֻҪ˭ԽɣҪֻһ㣬֮䲻
һȷвǿߣʼǣһжҪ̫ҵ۹¼ѡ
̫ҵ۹ҲǨƵ룬һµĴ½ߣĵطڴ½˷ǳأһƬ֮У۹ǳأǿ߽ɣæת
һУ̫ҵ۹ȨȻҶԶȻغ֮Уʼչش쾵
̫ߣںϣκξٶӲۡ
һʱ䣬Ҿ͸ûعԺ֮ǰҪ̩ӣʮˣ֪Щʲô
ͻͨ쾳Ҷڿνһǿʵɾ߽ףҲΣգڣܶҶвˣûмǧ䡢̩ӡ˾ͷ
ɾҶʵɽӡһնɱҮɺԳ˷ɶףҲԶԿ
ҶĿǰСģҶȻصԺЩ϶ŹҶȣʱҶȾͿ취Щյ֮أһѹ


337 Թ
ƮǿգҶÿһκ̫ͻƬݽߵ򣬴һƺ̫ǿվҶȵơ
ôܸܵÿ˵Щ˱ﲻһһЩα֮£ƻ̫ƽ⣬ȫնɱ
̫ȫںϣҶȶÿһ䣬ָƣһκҲӲҶȷۡ
࣬ҶȼϹͷ꣬ЩˣȻԸ⳼Ҷ÷Щ˴ʸɣ׷ץһ
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼһΪԴпŷһˣʱΪԼݻͻͨ쾳ҶȵʵٴŨɾҶʵܶԿɾһףʹնɱɶס׶пܡ
ټ칭ǧͼôĽףҲҪ¾ҶҲ桢վ۷ǿߣɾǿߣɾסҶȻδ
ʱ䣬̫Ҳһһ̫󡢹ʥǹ컯ȭȵȣ컯ȭҶ̸ܵͻͨ쾳컯ȭֶһ˽⡣
žԽߣһѾռֻ̬и߼ɼҶȲãĶ֡Щ鼶ȫ̭ڲ󷨣ô֮ϡ
ϧͻͨ쾳̫ûֻ컯ȭټϹʥǹڶ˵׷û壬ŵͻɾһ̫ݻµ
ƶ½һ̣ڣʮꡭ
ҶͻȻվƯǼʷ籩֮УһָôǧͼͿԿǿգǳԽ칭Ķǧͼ̫棬÷˱˲ƿصĿռ䡣
ʮپȻҲ̤ͨ쾳߽һ룬
Ȼ˰ٱȽӣÿһ򣬶絤һ䣬Դ洢̫Ͻ𵤸Ӽ̣̤ͨ쾳ȷһδɱ䡭
ڡ壬ھͿ㵽δ
̤ͨ쾳ʵ֮ǰˣҶȾʱ׷麮䣬ں壬ҶĿʦѣ縸һ㣬ܴһƽСӣΪһƿߣһУ뺮µ
ҵ壬ú忴ĳɾͣú֪Ʒ˰ټҿƵİݻţһͳ½ڻݴ½Ϊ̫һгɾͣҶź֪ο
ɵɣһֱҶȣɹѣԴӵڵ¹ǣڶȡһս֮ʣָͻȻ֣񼣽٣Ҷ̫
ҶȵǴҶ߳һ̣ͷҲܲϢ屾ԼΪԸӦڣϧҶͻɾɾͨ쾳ȻҲܲϢ
׺ȥ
ʩչ̫⣬ԣӳԪ֮Уʼһһ̽飬һ졢졭ʮ죬ҶȰⷭ˸飬ûзֺϢ뵤ϸѰһ
ָһ̣ص̫⾻ҵĪǣһ̣Ԫ̫Ĩɱˣ
͵һ뵽Ҷȭͷ߬֨֨죬ҪҶһӶԭԼ
Ҷɾͣɵͨ쾳һ뺮ϢϢأ϶ҶͻϾ磬Ŀ飬һȥͻħҶԶ̶޷԰Ρ
ԲʧˣܸоĳطֻΪ޷ֻеͻɾԣ
ˡΪҵĹִڵ¹ǿУڵ¹Ѿھʱ̡
˺壬ҶȻЩΣǾˣҲǴε¹֮УΪȡ𣬺˱ǿɱҺãڱһ˿ԪϢ
ʱ޷˿ԡ
ٿ
һȫȫӰԪŤسҶģҶȿʼͷǿʼͷŽ̫
ڱ½¹ģôԪ϶ǲ̫֮УҶȫںϣҪ׽һԪ񣬲¡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶǧԪͽ̫򾧱ϵռ䡢ءԨÿ䶼ǣԪǺڰ޵ģҶܸܵԪһ̳֮Ư̫̫࣬ڼƣ顣
ЩڵԪʿΪʿŻӵԪ񣬶ˣֻ꣬һоһΪʧҪˣȸʿҪֻ˲ܴӹλ֮Уҳɢȥꡣ
ң궼˻Ȫ磬ڤƿأҪӵٻһ꣬ûֶͨǲеġ
šҵˣ
Ʈڰ磬纣һ磬ҶͻȻܵһϤϢǵҲɶһɨλ֮УȻһһ׶೤Ԫλһͬε
ͣͰԪץסȻֿʼѰԪԪȫôԪûмģһȫͻָʶԪ
ǡԹôԹޡ
ͻȻҵǵҶںһ̣һŨԹޣȻں϶Ԫ֮ͷų
ԹޣǿȻҶԪЩԹɡ
ô
˲䣬Ҷȱƿԣһ㵣ܹһ㲻ģҲƽصȴֻأﵽһ磬ǣԪ񣬻ǲȱԪ񣬾ȻԹޣΪʲô
λ֮УҶȶδܵǿʢԹޣħƻģȻħԪ񣬲ʳǡ
ڵ¹ǣݳǣҶӣ˱ȷɢ˾Ȼ߻ʱҶȳӶˣִҪȥ¹Ѱ˾Ͳ⡣
˵ҶһֱΪԼһɣʱʼҶȾ¶ģԼǿһˣԼѣһ
ΪˣҶȵʱɱ˿ߣҲ˿ݳǣҶɱۣ߻ħ
ڿռԪ临ǣû뵽ȱԪȻӵԹޣΪʲô
ʲôԹޣŨҡԹ޲졣
꣬׿˵Ǳɱѵʹࣿ
ȻһüͷǿԹޣ϶Ŀ֪ڿϣβҾ徵ľղź޶

˲䣬ҶȳĬˣ΢΢ȫΪ˾³Ŀ
ãһԪȫҵһˣھҿ㵽׾˺ʹࣿĿ
̫ջԪ񣬾ƯҶۣǰŤԪ񣬴Ť֮͸Թޡޡħ
ܵԹޣҶĶѣʹѣ˿ҲıˣٳΪˡǰǡˡ
ΣҶͷԪʼ˼֮С
ȷǸˣӻǴŮడͳͳйպϴϾҪصǣÿ԰Ů͸١ǡ١ɽǿߣϲŮǴŮ
Ǽ²´󹦣ǸҶȵСӣϵȷбСССӣβ֣϶˾ҪѹǷ飬ҲҪСҳھȥʥӭϴ롮١
Ҷǰʱֵ¹ǣݳ߲һռڣ߸ϵĿߣȻŻ˯ˣţߴһӣֽһռ䣬ռһΰ
¹𣬱ɵλҪߣһֱû̫򣬡١ɽ
˼֮УҶȿһ˿ߣ˵ȷΡ
٣λֵܣõֵ֮һˣɽĹӣ٣ɽʥʹһ̩ͬλ棬׼£ǰٰݼ
һλȫסһͷ׳˶ˣһλƫƫ޹ӣһ֮нٶ
̴һץѻ۵ǰŰ۹æʩ񣺡С˿٣žϲŮǴŮСķѾѪҵһŮش׸ӣ
ȻǴ֮ңҲǣܹŮɾҲУҲûǰλŮӳòȥɣ
Ǿһ֣аЦЦ뿪ռ䡣
塯ҪദӣС椣ʲôܱңɼ
پȻΪһɫ󣬲סˣʼаУˣֱʮ죬һвŽɫ԰ףʱʱޣ˫۾޾Թ޵ؿž١
غ

һ˫ԶԹޡŭ˫ۣƺԶҶУ˱ٻҶ̲ס̫ȻΧǿնڼ


338 ħ
ٿ
һӰͻȻҶԣһָһħҶ壬ԭ񱩵ҶȣͻȻ侲
ϴ󡭡Щħġ׹ħ
ʱ̣ħӦҶȾ˱仯˲ǿһɳ۶עΪҶȻ񱩡
Ȼõħʱӳ֣ҶȻָǣƽħ麹ҪҶȸղʲô£ҲҪ֮ΪԪ񣬱ҶӡҶʲô£Ҳˡ
侲ָֻƽʱǣҶȿԪʵԪҪĿǰֻΪռԪҪ޷
ħĿͻͻͻԪϣʱ򣬴Ԫ֮УȻһ˿˿ħװšԪѾħ֮ǰ׹ħǿҵԹޣԹħģ
֪
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷβڡ١ϵģκˣĿԹħģӶ׹ħ
ħģһ֮ħҲһ֮ɣаħ
һ޸֮Ůӣǿϣֻƾ۸ɱܣһף˶ߣľ⣬ԩڡ١ϣʮ죬ܵĥ裬εʹ࣬Ŀ޶׹ħγħġ
Թޣ˸޷⣬ҶΪεǿ󣬾ȻԹӰǣЩħġ
ϴҪףҪһЩ̺رıҪҲʩչԪ󷨣Ԫںϣ
ףѾ׹ħħģȻħҲ޷ħģԸħԹ޲ʧԶ޷ħġܻԹޣħķָֿ
ħȻջĿ⣬Ҷ˵
ԹޣԹޡ
˲䣬ҶסˣģôңԹʧ𣿳ǡֻҵǡ١Ȼǰ˽Թ
ֻпܻԹޣҶ֪ɱ١ѩޣҲħҲҲزǰ
һɵġˣ㲻ú£һΪ㻯Թɵ
µҶȻԹԼȻԪҷ֮УǹŭޣҶȴܵҶȸΣڵˣҶɱ̫࣬ûй
ͬҶѣһѣΪԼκˣ
οҶһԸ֮Ҷȴܴ󴥶ԹޣҶȿԶҲᰲ޵ͻƵӸ߽׾֮ҪκضһħǣԶҲ޷ͻƣֱ
ֻҪҵԣ½磬롭ʥԣֹʵأһЩԵʬͻʥ̺Ϊľ裬һξѪͿ
ʵǵϴĻֻҪҵʥעһ򣬾ͿһңõһɾһǷϡʥɣˣһ쳣Ƿģ
ʥɽǳ֮࣬Ͼɽλ֮࣬ʬͻһꡮʥ½̫٣ʥҲϡУ
˘ʥҪﵽɡһͨҲһֶΣϧɶδﵽ򸴻һˣ׾٣ֻҪҵʥҲ򵥣
ħ渵Ҫ˹̣˵
ȷҪҵʥܡ
һ֣ͰԪӡڵ֮УԪѾᣬҵʥܸˡ
̩֡
Ҷȵ̩ӴһȻҪ飬ͳͳһ飬ּһ棬Ҫʱ̶ҪҶٻһ̫ѣϻ
ǴˣȻ߽ףʶҶֶΣҶͻͨ쾳ʵףˬӦˣ̫ڷɱ䣬Գû̫̾򣬸ɰ˽ף֮
߽ףѾ̩λվڶľͷʲô桢죬Ҳֻ·һԺҲҲλ߽Ϊǿߡ
죬ҶȴһʼѾ˴㣬ʵ̫ʿȫҶա
ڽһ̣ҶȰԼעԴ֮Уˣ壬ҶȶԽӦǿҶҲ׷٣նɱȻҶȲκ֪Ǳ̫õֶΡ
µĴڣ޷¶ȣԤǺЩ
ʥ칫ʮʿعǣȴ̫ٴͨ˽̫ȡԴҲûء
ҶԶʼ̫Χ򣬿ʼ鴫ָ̫ԪгΪʯ򣬶һһѱΪ򣬳ΪʥأΪƿ׼
Ҿ̫ڲҲͨҶȴƮԺģͨЩֻͨе۹Ĳƿأֻ꣬ҶԶʸɵ˲ա
ʵһأҲ׷׵ɶҪ̫ҵ۹Ͻ̫ҵ۹Ϊߡ
½Ͷ̫ҵ۹ˣڣΪѡ񣬰ˣϽɽߡ¸ȵȣڷչӴ
Ȼû̫Ӧ塢Ϣ뿪ݴ½̩λĳ򡭡
ҶȲŹκһˣţеؼҾţ壬ˣҶȵһ£ûɱˣǷŹһ·Ҷ뿴ߵԶγɾ͡
ͬʱҲҪſݺǱΪ飬ܵõֽ֣Ȼû䣬һͳ̩λ棬ˣȻḡˮġ
̫򾧱ϵǿλ籩桢֣̫ԺҪǿ˭ð
ҶȻ÷ʼ̫Χͨ󽨳֮󣬻ϸգ겻ߣ뿪̫򣬶̫ͨһҪأ׺λ籩֮Уȷ̫԰ȫ
ˡ
Ȼһʱ
Ŷ
ͷҶסˣ̩ӴģݣҶʮ־ȣû뵽Ŷ̶ʮ̩꣬Ӿھħշ˷ħħͷһͬħڵƬ򣬴졮ħ졯
ˡ̩ӣôɾǿߣħ죬Ϊ˶Կ׽̣Ȼһж
˿̣ҶǰжϹȻûдִԯж֮У̩˸뿪ҶȾ֪һмƻҪʵʩǲҶһͬȥжҲ̩ӿҶȣҶ̫СҲԭ
Σ̩ʮڣܴħ죬ͳһƬҲҶ֮Уˣ½绽겻¡
ħǣҶ˵һҲİ꣬ݴ½ӵ֤ѩԺһ̣ǿĵ£󣬵ԶҶȶ֣лɱϧҶƾŴǧͼħǣŶɱ١
ھħǣħ֮ڣҶȻõʮγɵľ
˵̩ӣҶȾ޴˰ţ̩ӣ޷̩ӽħõʮľ
ٻǶȣҶȣ̩ӽҲħɽϾħɽħ̩ӱҪõôûҶȣ̩ӾͻõʮľӶҶԵ
һУˣҲȻ
ҪҵʥҪȥԺȥڲңѰʥ䡭Ǿȥ̩ӣȻϻԺ
ƻһҶȺȻħüͷһƣʱԼˣڤ½ǿ㾧Ƭҵڤ½ûУ
ҵˣڤ½Ѿ䣬Ԩ֮УΪ˳ϴ󣬰ڻʬ壬ħҪħһҲҶȡ
ˣ
û뵽ڤ㾧Ƭ˺˿ûôҶȵȥħ죬ħ̣ӵвħǿµżǿżһ֪ͨ㣡
֪ˣ
ħۣʼƯǿ
ת̫һ鱦ʯǶ֮Уû죬ҲԶԿκɾǿߣӵ쾵Դӳ֣߶նɱκɾ֣
˷ӴˣҲٵļˡѣԺ졢׽̡ɣ濹⣬Ҳٹ˼
ҶһЦХʩչǧͼͼʼħǴȥ


339 ӿ
ħ֮䣬ԶڼǰЩǷǳģ̩ʵ۹䣬Ҳû䣬Ժλ深Ѿ
ʩչǧͼ壬򣬺ܿ죬ҶȾͼϤľħǣڿȥħǾȻħ죬һƬ򣬶̩ȡΪħ졣
ȻֶΣħ촦Ǵ֮ͨβ򾧱ϵҲ쳣̣ƬҲضã
ﵽħҶȾϸоƬߺܶ࣬ʮֻ񣬼ֱ֮
Ҷ֣Ҹոսħ죬շķħͷϵ㵹һ
ͻȻӾħǷɳһʥ⣬ɹâ½ǳԽ½ĸߵϢҲֻ˲ͷųΰ˵̩ˡ
Ŷ
һʹʥ֮Уһ޴֮ϣ̩Ӹ߸϶ţΧһλλˣЩˣƲ磬Ϊÿһ˶ɾǿߣңһ׵Ľײȣʮˡ
Щ֮УħϢй룬ɵϢռסĽЩǿޱȣ桢һģһ
ħɾϢԶֹˣҸоħڣٻʮλɾǿߡ̩ӣֱӿԶԿԺ
Ƭ򣬶ԾħҶ˽⣬̫ûпɱԣ̫Ǹѧ·Сħǿˡ
̩֣ϲħ˴۽磡
Ưǿգ̩ӼԦϿ㱧ȭʾ⡣
û뵽һɾδﵽСӣȻݺ򣬾ЩҲ
Ȼʵ
ΧЩɾ棬һλλһƿһǿߣѰעҶһһҶȾȻ̩֮ȻһƬ㵣ɾҲȳ̶ȡ
ң˾ȻҶΪֻȷһ㣬ҶûϢԲһɾǿߣӲһλˣô˵Ҷֻһɾδﵽķˡ
һˣȻһݺᣬ˼顣
ħúÿСӣǵ뱾ħǣȡħڿԸǣˣ죬ЩһƬССΣ۹ҪųԶ㣡
ڴ˵Ⱥ򣡡
һ̩Ӿһ磬ʥ֮и߸߾ȻɨֱӽҶǰ
̩֣ʮǰԺż׽ƺʼжҪԺ֣ȡλ棡
̩ӣҶȻ統ǰ㣬˵ܸ̩ܵʵָһܿµزʹˣҶҲȻη壬Ϊаգ̩ǿҲء
뵱̩ӻֻ춯һˣʱ̩ӣǧսΪūǡñ춯УΪ࣬ҶȣҲŶʮ깦̩ӾȻʹɾֱӻָȵز
ҵ̽Ҳ׽һݻԺҪԺ߽⣬ȻӦϣݻԺϧԺһЩϹŶ׽̼ƻˣ
̩Ӹ߸ϣҶȣȴû¶ٰԱǰƻ׽̴żƻֱӴݻԺȻȡ̩λ棬Ժˣû׽濹⣬ǧԺ̽ӣӦ߽Ժ
û뵽׽һһ˽⡭ȻҲѾ͸򡭡
ⷬҶĬ̩ӣ֪̩֣ʲôƻԸǧ䣿
̩ɫһ򣺡ԺǾȥɣɽۻܾˣңѾ¾֣ɽԸ׽̡ԺɽʵԺǿᣬԸ׽̣ڻʺϲ
ɽ
ԭһֱɫҶȣͻȻ֣˾۾
ɽ򿪱ٴֻͨϴβ֪ΪΣͨƻֻóһѣͨ޸ɽѾɳϸֶͨǱԺ׽̣
ɽ磬׽ְ취Ը̩ңߣҾԱ֮ʩ
ɽЩǿߣ½λ棬Ҳʵǿڣɾвʮ׵Ĵڣָһǧûչǽɽ׽̡Ժ֮ʱٷͨɱǧ䣬׽̼ƻգ
ǧȻɷ½磬ʵǿɣҪԸֻüҶ֣ԺҲǷˮ𣬳Ϊ¹ŵӣλ߸ϣҲôԺҪ׽̸㻹취еõôȻٺԸǧ䣬Σ
һ̩ӿӣ˵þƺѼƻһУǧ䡢Ժɽºףһ꣬ˣһԵȺʱס
ȷҶһҲΪֽоһв֣ȷʣɽԸ׽̡ԺһС
̩ǧ޴ǣǧ䱳ǿ׽̣޼ɵ԰м˺̩ͬƵεӰ£Ҫǧ׽̿⣬ֱܴѡ
Ҷȴ̩ӸҶȼƣò⣬ǲҶҲãƣһ򾡡
Уƻƻ̸ֻֽ㲻湦л಻أһССأܾơ
ȻأҶȣһӵС
һϸ򣬰׽Ŀһһ¶Һңһ̽Ӱ׽Լƻ׵׸ԺöãԺͻжԿ׽̣Ұշ׼Ը׽̣
̩ӼҶһֱĬƵ˵
̩֣Ҿ̽ӣǱԺԺܳΪλߣйֶΣһΪԺ߲㣬Ϊ£һȨ˵λͻ֪᳹ԺԺƻ
죬Ҷһŷʲôָƽۻ죬̩˵
ãҶ֣Ҿ͵仰Ҳ˼ţԻΪ£ҪԺ׽̶һʱͽģһ鱨ԺУԻһνۼƹͣΪ߲㣡
̩ƺֱ˸ˣкһֽкãһˣԺ߲㣬ԺڲˣҶ֣ĪԺʲôҪ󣬾ᣬһȫ㣡
Ҷ˫üһ̩ӣֱӿڣھһҪΪĴɽֻͨɽǣҪ򹷣ɽǷҵģҪֻǵɽɴ֮£ҲΪԼ˽ޣŴ֣
ãѵô̹棬¼򵥣ЩʱһλɽҪ̩λ棬ʱһȥˣ̩һİӦҶȡ
֮ԴӦˬ죬ΪҶ֮ǰ̹棬ΪҪɽӴ˵˳ɺܼ򵥣Ϊ˽Թ̩ӾɺңҲҪҶȣҪӦ
٣
ҶȺ޲ɱɽǾҳңˣϣܻԹޣħġ
Ȼһ£ߣȥħι۲ιۣЩߣ棡̩ãһ֣ͰҶһͬʥ⡣
Ҷȿʼһλλɾǿ潻Žħ죬ȥÿһһ飬̩ӣʿ󷨣ɼɼЩˣһͻʿԱ
ȻһֻҶȿóɾǿߣɵɵΪ̩ӣдǰ̣Ǵеõô֪ͽ̩Ӳ֮Уһֻеķݡ
һҲ˵̩ӾԲǸƲ磬ֶ̫ݣΪӪҲΪҶһξӣʱҪˡ
ˡ
ħǣһɽۣ֮һǱ
Ҷ̩һȺɾ۾ħ췢չҶѧĲپ飬ȻҶȴ޽䷢һȻϸ΢̩ӻǵһʱˡ
Ժ¸֪㣬ҲΪ׽̶ƺԤϵʲô̩ӿҶ˵
һץһһǶʦӨӨϢ伱ԺСʦܣѧԺҪÿѧӻع飬ٻд·
̩֣ȻϣԺһȥӦþԺ֪׽̼ƻʥеӻع飬ƺҪж
Ҷȿ̩ӣޱ˵
̩Ӻͳأȫ֣΢΢һЦԺͳȹϵϣҶ֣ӢۣΪԺ߲ûᣬǧŹԺô٣˵һ
ȻҿǲŹôģ̩֣ǣҶվ˵Ȼƾղ
̩ӵһЦҶ֣á
ҡ̩ӣҵȻҪңҲã׽̶һٳ̵֣
׽̡̩ӡԺɽ졭ôͳͳҪϸ𣬺ߣǿҶȼ۷
ӶʦӨӨԺȷд·


340 챦̺
죬Ӿħڵ
룬Ҷѡлǽ䣬λعԺҶҪеͳͳ𣬹ؼҶɣ׳ɽ١ܡ
֪֪ˣܰս
ǻƿأǿĻ۹ƿΧ֮УҲһ壬ӵлλѧӣԺλӳߡ
ôٴǣûʲôİǰǴ󣬲֪䡢ɽ뻯ûעҵ٣
ЩˣЩر裬ưڸݣǻ𣬵ǰλԣȻҶһһעţ
𡭡ҪҪΪͻͨ쾳һֵĿ桭һЦӵ˺У˶עҶȡ
ΪҶһƵۣ򣬲䶯ѡ
λʦ֣ʦźƣ֪ʦҪȥηܷһ·ͬУ
ȻҶһʯãڻдԺѧӣⲻʮλʥλӣҶʽ顣
ҶλѧӣЩʥλѧӵλ߳һأΪҲ٣ЩΪֻɵͽ׵ʥλѧӣҶǰϹϾȻҶȵϴ󣬵ɽҶûӦǣҲûЦЦ¡
ЩʥλѧʲϹϵһһʧ뿪ˡ
һλλѧˣ
һͳǱ⣬ʮλ۹֣ԶԶͼҶȵһֱֱͦģλѧӻǡ
Ȼǻҵ̣ҲԺƿأԺѧӣǿǵܵһЩʿգ˭ҲҵԺѧӲΪǣҲܷŹǡ
ˣʾƣ
ҶǱ֮£һλͨ쾳ǿѶԽӴҶȡ
ٿ
һɫƣҶз˳ȻλǿץסŴһӡƱһʥ壻Ժ¹ŵӣҶȣ
µӣ
λǿŵЩվȣµӣʲôλȻλѧӡλҪ߳һأ߸ϵλͷѧӱȼ
Ϊʿλͨ쾳ǿߣδʶе¹ѧӣѧӣǶžԺǿǰ;λǿߣ˴ʧɫ̰ƻҶȡ
Ҷޱ飬ƣóһƷ׸λǿߣȻת󲽽Ǳ

ǿץס־ϲû뵽Ҷȳ˴󷽣һڻ۹ɰ룬ѣ̿ʼٻһ飬ոշͻȻüͷһ壺ҶȡҶȣ
ȻҪҵû뵽ᱻõһܵõأ
ǿߴӴ֮УһͶӰȻҶȵģǿߴ죬ܽǱ롣
š
ƮǡԺһƽ̹ڰյɽ֮УһرΰҲׯϡ׳ۣУɳһӰȻǻ
û뵽Ҷ˸䡭
СӳΪ¹ŵӣ޷̤µߣΪСӻͶԶµû뵽С뿪ԺôӻǻعԺ;У
һСӻΪΪµӣ޷޷Ҿû취ˣûӨӨЩס㣬ҿܣ
ٿ
ڣЦһ˺ɭɭÿʼᣬ磬һ֮ͨУʧ
ǣƮΧҪ֮һ뼸ƮǻͬƮǡ
ԺһƿأӵѧӣأǶԺѧӸۡڣ˵ǾԺ԰
ǰ÷£һȻȡһܱ⣬˵ԺʧأʧʯҩȵȣˣǴ֣Ȼǣٴη¼
˵ˣԺټӻع飬ҪԸа̣ǿǶ֡
а̣ǰû͵ϮԺʧǻҪأ˴ӣ
аʲôȻԺ˭Բ˺ùӣλͷѧӻع飬ҪֶԸа̣
һʥľƵڣҶȶһ䣬󷽣ҷλԺλѧӣڵۣȻСȫҶ
֪аΪ׽̣źȺλѧֿʼ˽
׽̹ȻԺҲˣֲöʦ˵д·ȷԺûֱԴ¼ֲҪټǿ߻ع飬ԺǴһ£ͻ׽̴
̩һУȻߵ
һƣʳһϸǼ˵ҶȻСˣһЦҾ֪𲻻Źҡ֪ʲôʱϹ
Ҷڵ㣬һǻһɡ
ǵԺѧӣдɾǿ֣߳ﲻʺսҸľ֮أ
óʯʣҶƵ뿪Ƶ꣬ȻڴֹεԺӣЩӶʶҶȣֻʶۡ
챦̺šһֱŴ̺һ̺ţҲ̩λ̺֮һϣܴʥ䣬ȥԺһ
ãҶһ֣һҴ̺ǰһּβͻһ·ţҶȾʹ󲽽챦̺ţȻӰֱ̺Ŵſڵȴ
챦̺ţȻ봫һ
ҶȾͿܵǸ౦ܶ࣬Ҳܸ߼̺оŲ֮ߣԺѧнףʿܺãС
ʱ򣬴Ⱥ֮УһλŮӣŻʮ꣬һɫ£ԱһģһȻҶǰʵãʲô԰ﵽģ
Ҫ߼ףϣܰǸУҶȵ޵ͷš
ţ
ŮһͷͨٴδҶһֻۣһλӣΪȻ̵ͷȥڲң
ŮӺòҶȴȺ֮д󷽣˺٣һţǰһ԰߹һȣԽһСŮӵԺѾ֪ͨˣ
ҶȸӦΧС˽̸ȻƽʵܶԺѧӽףⲻ
챦̺Ժһ̺ţѧӶｻףһƷӦоУֻҪ˵ó֣ŮӺׯص˵ŷ±˲֪챦̺
ҶһȻˣʲôУǾһ˸㶨ΪͷӦоУá
ǵһ챦̺Žװɣƺڼ¼֮Уûйļ¼ˣѵѧû챦̺ŵģ
ŮƺҶ仰˼Ҷڻɡ٩챦̺ţ˭֪ŮӣƫҪά̺ţ٩Ҷȡ
Ҷֻҡҡͷû뵽δµСŮӣֿ⣬λࡣ
Сƣ˷񣿡
ʱһλ׷ѮߣȶһţͶŮһǳ⡣
ŶŮӻЩԸȥˡ
λˣǲ˼СϷŮҲԺѧӣû£֣
ʮֿ˺ˬʸоҶߣһλڼҳһλˣ߼ϷԽղϷŮϷƷƣΪѧӣҪһʦ㣬Ǻǣ
ǵ⣬û뵽ǰŮΪҪߣҲ߶ˣҶڲףΪϷƷһֱЩԭΪͬѧӣҪҶȣȴҪΪҶȷ񣬻˭Ҳܡ
һ˭Ը⡣
ԺλѧӣҶȣԺǰ㣡ҶҲòԽԻ
ԽҶȸоˣ֮һ֣Խϴ˵
ϷֱСϵˣԽҲ⣬ûϵҶǰ˿Ҳɵ̹ȻҲǵ
룡
ʱ򣬻ЩϷƷƣС󣬿Ȼϲ̾վԽߡ
ò裬¶Ȱոպá
Ҷȶ˲һСڣ¶΢ЦЦúܿġ
Ҳͷ
֪ϷƷһֱֱţԽݺݵһۣʵһֱҶȿ˵һλѧӣҿǻλѧӣλã㻹Ҳҡ


341 
λȨƣҪۺֻֻҪûеλûȨƾͻᱻ˲ڽ£ϷƷƶҶ̬ȣͿɼһߡ
ϷƷƴСɾͨ쾳һ·ƽ̹Խǿ߳Ϊ·Ȼһˮɣѹп룬֪ҶֿԼղߵⲽľ
ҶȿȴΪȻŲСŮӼƽϣ²豭ԽʩǰǰΪѰһ

Խһ΢΢üȴһ£ӻֵ챦̺ţų챦ȻһбСֵ˵ɣ
һλѧӣʲôصıҲһЩѰ֮ˣû棡ϷƷվһԣʵʵȴһֱЦ
УҶΪͣλߣֺԺʥصǣ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϡ
СϵѽȻ챦̺ţͲõģԽȻš
ҶȵһЦ챦̺ŵȷӵ汦ֱʵǰ֪챦̺ţûИʥ
ʥ
Խһ͵ǰ㣬ŷʲô˼鱦Ǹݻ㵡۽𼸵ơ
ûԽڣϷƷȴվʮָҶȺȵʥôûλʦܣ㲻Ҫû£챦̺ſǺæģҿ㲻ȥúܣԺѧӣ
סڣ
֪ԽŤͷϷƷһǳ⣬ŵϷƷƵסۿ˲ίֻᣬֲҿ޳ģʮֱ
㻹ǻλѧӣ˼˵˼ҷҿ첻ҵɵȥ
һϷƷƿ޵ĸģ־뿪СԽҡҡͷȻ濴ҶȵСϵܣʥ֪жôǿҪ𣿡
ǰȻ֪ʥǶôмֱֵһҲòϣҲɾӣţſ϶ܵõǰģʯҲõóֻҪõóʥҾͳ۸񣡡
Ҷ쳣ƽ˵ΪԽֱţȷ
ʥǴ֮أʬ徫ĹʵòȻ󣬵һòϣҪҪΪɾ߽ףһ˵õʥҲֻܵһƷˡ
ˣ֮١
СϵԵȣϷҪ̺Ÿ߲㹵ͨһ£Ҫһʱ䣬ڴ˺Խվ뿪ˣ֪ʥֵ⣬ôõĺôҲ١
ϣ챦̺ţҪʧҶȱۣʼ
ʦãôˣ۸
챦̺һԺӣۡλѧӵӢ꣬۵Ȼ䣬һŮϷƷƣź
һӣͦΣӢˣһϷƷƣǰػʵҲΧ
ʦ֣Сû¡ϷƷƼӣӲͷƤ˵û£һתͷ޵ø
ʦһ֪·ʦãǿͬһʱڽԺģβμ֮Ҳˣ˵ɣʦΪ
ϷƷƿ޵øϧˣһֱ죬û˵ʲôʦֵһֱ
̺Ÿ߲㣬һ״Ʒݳޱʯ÷仪ֲӹס
ϣҪʥһλѧӣҲ֣λѧӣҲûλѧӱһ壬ҲǼ⣬̺⣬ʲô֣
ڣԽվһλŽǰ۵ӢǰȻԺһλλѧӣһǰƵۣȫ¶߹ݡ
λѧӣԺ߸ϣԺÿһλλѧԺ޼֮֮ţ֮λӢ꣬챦̺ڲ߲㣬Ժλѧӣ˫ݣλһλѧҪࡣ
λѧѹԽޱȣʩعӵĻҶȣλѧӵۣΪȻ͸
Ҷȣ
깫üͷ΢΢һȻɫһ¶һĨЦݣ㣬ϣҶȿԺǳϴԺ½ѧӽʢᣬõڶóɼԺһΪŵӣ
ŶͷС
Խ٣տʼֻΪҶǸԺҲһΪȻԺ𣬻¹ŵӣʲôݣµӣһλѧӣƽƽ
ݣ챦̺ҲҪúдһ㡣
Ȼλѧӣ³Ҳû취ڽʢõڶԺλĪȻҲضãһ·ɳȥɾͿ϶λӾȻҪʼ̽ϵ
Խת뿪䣬λһ˫ͫͷ⣺Ժټλѧӹ챦̺˵һξ̻
ҶӣҼҾŹڵȺ򣡡
Ƭ̹ԽͿҶ⣬ʱҶѾӦһλλǿߣǰ϶Ԫ񾪶˿̣ҶѲɾͨ쾳ʵɾǿκĵȡ
ѽ뷿䣬ݣҶȾ;û뵽ɾǿߣԺһλλѧӣλѧӣҶûκʸԺλѧϣ޷϶ݣԷʵȴӲҶȷۡ
ǰ꣬һλΪɾһǿߡ
ŹӼҶȣվӭȻҶϵܣֻڽʢٽµʦһ棬û뵽ԵżһţڼϾţҲԳƺŸ磡
ԭʦ֣ҶȲλѧţȭʩһʦ֣ûʧû뷢չ˼
ˡˣȻҲ͸ΪĪǣµ޵һ湦Ϊ
Ű˼⣬Ҷȳһ̣㵵ķ֣һΪȻҲ͸ҶΪȷһ㣬ҶϾûɾϢһҶҲûϢֻܴ¶ȣҶͨ쾳Ϊ
һλͨ쾳ӵȱ죬УҲԽܣҶҲ޷õ
ҶʦܣӨӨʦǹʽνȥҲнǧδ桭
һһʺȻʼ׽ţҶƽƽʵҶʦܣҪʥ
ҶȼǱֱţƽ˵ʦһλǰҪʥؽĴѰҴ֪ʥ汦ֻҪʦõóʦܾ͸ʯ
ȻҶȲ˵ԼҪʥֻҸڣȥ֪ԼӵбȼɾֶΣǶҪ鷳ȻҶΪȴҲ֪²ܲΪӪġ
ʦλǰ϶ϴܡ
ˣҲҶ˵ĻҶΪ޷ʹØʥɸ߽ײʹõ汦룬챦̺ûдֻИʥ꣬Ϊˣ̺Ż֯ļʿȥѰҘʥϧһֱûԸֻڰǧǰһɣһꘄʥֻϧһλϴܣȡˣ
ͼҲԣ¿ûȥǰҲ˼ҽ£ôֶأ޷áʦ֣㶮ģʱҶڨڨЦЦ

˲ͶˣҶȼ񣺡ʦ֪λǰ϶ʹôͼ̺Ÿһ㲻ۣʦ־һ飬һݵͼǽύһλֵУǮ
̣⣬ʦܻ׵ģܲܰװǷʦ顭Ҷȵ⣬һλλѧӣȻݣԼʽ顣
ʦֻѾ˵ȥĪǣʦܻʦջɣϣȥȡһݵͼҶʦܣ
תسԽӻ֡
٣Ļү֪һүү˵£֪үǽ̺ŵλ͡Խһûȥ죬һ˵
Ȩһ£û£飬챦̺žүѵǰ˸磬Īǻʲôɣ
⡭ǾپϷȥ죡Խѿ飬תȥˡ
Ҷʦܼˣ̺ţλͣ滹а˸ѹţ裬ǰл̺Щѣҡҡͷ̾˼䣬ȻҶȣʮεҡҡͷ
ʦ֣ʲô¾˵һʦܼǵýط㣬ն౨
Ҷȱȭվ˵ж
ʵԽһȥݣҶͣʹпߣĪ߰˰ˣžη㣬ҪҶȽ½顣
ʲôҪλ͵ҶȽ飬ĿǰӦòᵥΪҶкܴǱԭֻһǿҶȱλǰܾᣬԺ߸ϵ¡
̽ҶȣҶȣ취Ϲϵô챦̺ŵλŻ޷


342 նɱ
ʦ仰ʦ־ǵĳЩˣҲֵ
Ż˵һɺͷų
Ǹʧݣϵˣ涼Ϊ濴ռˣȴ
̬Ҷ˵ûôĻҶһ۾Ϳϻʮܹƻ
ӣ
ãԽһݷӡ䣬ŵͷԽŰѾݵҶϡ
Ҷȵõ֮лţ˵͵ŴǱ
ӣҶ󣬵ȷһɸ߽ףԺЩ£ҲһȰ£Ҷȣʽᵽ޵
ڣֻʣԽţԽֵ˼ۣȻص߳
ҶȹϵٺãҲϹϵɸ߽ףڲ͸ɵء룬ϹϵԺ֮һܽϵҪģ
˫һƶ˷ŷ𶳽һ㡣
ԭˡ
ԽȻͷ
ݺύֵϣȥɼԺѧӣеѡƷгȺ˵Ц
棬ҶҪˣ
Ӱһֱڽֵ࣬Ҷȣӻǵǣ챦̺ŵ֣Щһֱûз١
ЩҼϸȻһȺȳ棬ҾͳǣҴ֮أŻɣ
ȺУҶͷǿͰѻҼϸһһյ˿¶챦̺ŻØʥ䣬ҶĿһ룬ҪԸ׳棬ͻͨ쾳һײൽж
𣬿϶޴춯һλɵǣǿ϶Ǿ£Ҷȵ˻ᷢΪԺڶԸ׽ȻΪǱ׽ɱ˭ỳһλѧӡ
Ҷնɱһ棬Ԥڰһ棬նɱˣܻȡɾҶ˵ҪͻɾֻвɾǿҶ취֮һ
ùǻ𣬽Ҷȼƻ֮Уһնɱɾǿߡ
Сӣվס
ҶҪ׼֮ʣʮλԺѧӣڴӺӿһӰҶΪͷߣλʦ֡
Ҷû뵽·ɱҧʮֺ棬Ⱥ˸ʶ֪ΪζҶȾʵλʦ֣к£
ʦΪλѧӣȻһȣǱʥλλѧӣ߸̫߳࣬ʦָ΢΢һָҶȱȵСӣղ۸ϷƷʦã԰ɣգҪúýѵѵ㣬֪ʦֵģ
ž
֪ڵİʦ֣˵꣬һƣϣ󷭣ǱˤڵأֻûŻȻҶȣ̰ҶȰΧ׼֡
ƾ㣿ǰһҷͣһλѧӣǰҪͿģΪµӣƣ
ҶͻȻ˿ԼݣʮλԺѧӣΧ֣Ժѧӵ棬Ƹ߸߾ΰƣҶ֣м򵥽ܡ
Ȼ¹ŵӣ
Ҷȣԣˣֲþô˺ϤԭʮǰԺ½ѧӽʢᣬõڶҶȣ
ȷ
ֵѧӣ˶ϳҶȣ׷׾У̾ϢǺǾ£û뵽һоͰѻλѧӴܣʵµӡ
Ҳ˭Сӣ뱨һ֮ʱңҶȣʱ㣡
Űʦֵ棬ҶȻһ˦һмŷȥѧӶʱҶóһ·˶ֱҶȣҶʲôݣȻէȻȥǸλѧӣݣȴµӡ
µӣλλѧһȻɱˣѵһλλѧӣ㲻ʲôִҲΪôС£ȥΪҶȣΪҶȣ͵Ϊ£ִȻ¶ΪС££Ȼȡ
ߡ
ǰʦֳô裬Ŀ֮£Ȼʵʵһڨڨȥ
Ǵ󲿷ֻǻǳһֻռ֮һʣµĽһЩɽɳĮԭҰ
ãҶȾ뿪ǳأ֮Уʮ־޴󣬾ҶҲһӸӦԵɾףҲ޷ֻףſ˲ɨǡ
һ֮Ҷڻλƴҡڽɽֺ֮Уһ·ҶٶȲ죬Ҳ뻯Щϸˡ
طչɡ
һƬֺ֮ϣҶƯƺ֮У˫һ֣صչˣȴֳռ֮С
Ͽȥֺֺһ仯ҲûУҲӦʲôǣǿߣŻῴƬֺʮ޴磬ȫһͭʥĽ죬һκҲӲȥ
Ѿúã͵ԸҶȲᶯκҪԼնɱʩչ򣬿һʧֹκֶΡ
ޱȣҶģԽһǿߣڶף˵һˡ
Ҷȿʼһ֮УʼΪ˲ûҼϸҲҶȻþͷƣ֮ʿܸӦôŨڲ˲ҵ
Ȼʮ⣬ҼɼϸͣԶͲҿҶЦЦʼ
ͻͨ쾳Ҷȱ仯޴󣬾ǧǰСϪھǽӡ
ʿͨܵܵԽͨٶԽˣһȿȺһܴһ
þ޴󣬵Ҳһ̫ǰǧֻҪɾǿߣҶȾͲκΣ
仯Ǿ޴ģҲʼ仯Ҷȿʼ컯ȭڶʽ족һʽѾ߰˰ˣžԽԽߣĶҲһԶڲ򣬲ʲôǡ컯
ڶʽ죬ȵһʽҪ򱶣ѣһһϦɣҶҲż컯ȭͬʱҲ̫ͬʱศɣ
ͨ쾳ɾǷˣһˣǾԲܵ£ֻ˲ҵõҲʮֵͼģǵͼһҲ޷ֻʳڣţ
̫Ҷȸ޷֪Ǻ񼶵ȼҶмֱ޵Уۼ֤޴޵Уڰֱͨڵ
ƾһ㣬֤̫֮еĶҲӵеܡ
ڻˣɣ֮ҵΪͻﵽͨһ۷״̬þͻͻƶס
ȻھҶȣۣ֮ͫУһιâߣٴα۾
֮⡣
ಡ
ѹѹغʿԶǳط飬ٶˣǰһλ۵꣬ǻ棬Ժλѧӣ
һƣƳգÿռ俪ʼŤ챻飬󣬺ʿͨ쾳ΪʵһС͵۹һСɡ
Ҷȡڵȵˣɱﻯ죬Ȼ軯䡢ɽᯡһңգҪѹĥܽͷ֮ޣ
һĨһɫסӣգôǲ뱻Ժ֣նɱҶȣϾҶԺѧӣҪǣڻµӣһ·֣ǻ뻯۹Ҳ֮
ٶ˿ʼϢܿͽֺȻٶԽԽŻһ˦γɰΧȦʼ׼Ҷӡ
СΪͣȴЩ£ߣһͱƳȥ˵ԺȥҲۡ
úһУɱڣȻʮλʿʼֺȥ;мϸҲ¶뻯ϣʼΧ
λնɱӣһ޺ôԺߣҶһֲٿأúΪҰ°ɣж
վ֮УǰԶֺϿգһƬԪرգסĿ⣬ôÿʿ˵
ϣ
ţһ£ڰΧȦĺʿʱʼɱŨ֮Уͳȥ
ᣡ
ͻأ֮䣬һغֺ֮쳹кʿ㵿ƬֺգΪͭͷʥ磬羧ϵ͸ָƮ򾧱ڣ͸סʯơ
ô
ڲǺʿ𾪣֪룬һʱҲе̵򣬻Ͻֲ˼ı顣
ҹʱˣ
ͻȻڰΧȦ룬ӿһƬƲʣƲ֮ϣҶһֱһ޽̤ƶǰ


343 ɱ
ƶҶȣһƵھ죬վڲ֮ϣͦΣͷŰ֮˾һƿն޵ս
Ҷȡ
ͻҶȣ͵һƺŻҶȣָ䡢쪣һ֣кʿ̰ҶΧסЦСӣ㾹ȻãѰʮ꣬ҲãһЩ
ѵûǹ¶𣿡
Ҷ˫ָ󣬷Ƶ򷨣ڿ֮оΪҶȻ㣿Ϊڽʢնɱ˻죬㲻Ժҳ֣ǣǴε𣿡
ô֪ǹڴ˵ңҶȣҺɻʲôģʲôȻҿ⣬ܣΪƾҲҵĶ֣
ʵҲͿҶڴʩչͻȻ֤ҲûӦǣȻҶµ壬ȴһңУһҶȣλѧӶ֡
룬ҲʿҲΪҶ˵ͨʮ޷ԿɾҶλѧܶԿġ
²飬ǵ죬Ҳδͻɾ֮ǰԿɾ
ǲ֣Ȼ֪Ϊɱң˲˼Ҳãǰɱңҿɱ㣬û֪˵أɣҿͨһΪܲܶԿһף
ʱҶȫ򻤷ɾǿߣҲ޷ƣҶ޼ɵȫʵ뻯ƾʵһս
ѹ
ҶȺȻٶλͨ쾳ǿߣȫɱٶλͨ쾳ǿߣȫ׵ʮײȵǿߣԺҲһɲնɱˣ̫ϧҶУȫ̫򣬲Ų˷Դ
ԴҪá
̫ͨ쾳ǿˣǣ޵ͨ쾳׵֮٣ٶˣǸ߽ͨ쾳ǿߣһֿ̫̫ҵ۹
ݡ
һֻֻ֣ҶɫһƼֻ֣ͨ쾳ǿ߷Ӧͺһ˲䱻ƿأѹʧȥս˸ɱһ㡣
桭Ⱦǣ
һͨ쾳ǿߣֽץסκη޼£оռ֮ڽѹǡ
ֶΡ
Ȼûж֣ȻЩ⣬㵣ûٶֽкãǽʢٮٮߣ򣬾Ȼ˲ѹͨ쾳ʿͨһΪֶΣֱԽ졭
Ҳûͻɾ֮ǰ㡭Ҫնɱ㣬ţ˿϶ͬһ㣬ҪһУȻᳬԽ죬ᳬԽκɾ;ߣ
߾˫֣˫̰ɭɭߺ򣬸ҲҶȵһ£ɳ硣
𡭡´ͷˮһաҶƽ˵׼ʱ뻯֡
Сӣϴǰˣɣ
ͻȻһץָ֮ߣͷһ׹⣬ŷΪԵϵ־ͳҶȴ
߳߳
һָһץŷʧȥ˹׹ҶϷγһ׵ӵɾ޻ƣţѸȵسҶѹ¡
̫󣡡
Ҷ񣬸оɾƣüǷɾƣҶ֪ɾҪûͻͨ쾳֮ǰҶȿ϶ѡ׵
˫һϣһطӡţһ̫ŻֱӿʼҶΧʯ
ȻǹԺ̫ѵСԺʲôϵôѧĴ̫󣬶ңȫ˾裡
Ҷʩչ̫󣬻ǺܾȵģƾͨһףҾͿ̫жǿ
¡
׵͵ڴ̫Ż֮ϣĿըһΣƿʼݺᡣ
ȻһףҰʦ㣬ԶˣҲǸѣͻȻڱը֮УȻ߳һӰ
ֻҶȴݲȴӻ߳һƶûУ෴ǿʢȫڻ
ܣܡͨһףô˻ʵֻһУûɫɫ˼飬𾪣Ǵ㵡
λѧӣɾǿߣ̩λݺһεʵȻʩչһУֻͨһ׵ҶȣòӮʵڲܡ
Ҳŵˣţҿ϶ʵ㿹⣬϶аտ㣬գֻ·һʼ㻹ϣ̫Сңҵ޼᲻ݣ
һץһʥǹҶС
ҾͲţͨһףôλǿ߶֣𣡡
ȫˣ˳ܾ֮˫һƣȫǰһһɹɰԵϵˮһӿ壬γɺХ磬ޱߣҶϯ
͡
Х緢˺ѿռڲƽ⣬ҲܵХӰ죬ôҡ
ãɾʵȻǷǿ󰡣ҶȸǺХ磬ŷһζζںХ磬̺һͨһʿѾɱ
ǿһСӣĿģ
ͷŲ˼֮󣬻۵ЩдѾȫԸҶһбɱʲôⷢ
ƣȻڴңʧȥݻһؽƣҺ򾧱ڼ̣տʼƳű
Ҷȸһڴݻ٣ڲݻ٣ǾˣҪ֪Щѹͨ쾳ǿߣһ£̫
ƣʥǹ޷ƣ
ǳϵԵĺХ磬ҶȻԾ𣬶źХλãץŹʥǹݺݵش̳һȫ̫һͷųŹʥǹХ磬
䡭
ʥǹսӴХ磬ͷұըʯڽӴ淢޴ըըһӣʥǹѸ뺣Хڲ
ʱХʥǹ˲ͷţʼںХڲݻ٣
ͣ
ԶȻ˺һ³һѪ壬Ѫ˿ʲô̥Ȼȫһ⣬һ
ģûû뵽λѧӣȻһλѧӶ֡Ҷȣǵã˳𲻱Ǿӣһ죬һȡͷ֮
ಡ
Ǳʹ޵ŭ𼸾䣬ŷһץģһһ׳ʥıƣ̫޾ϵȥֶǲ֮򾧱ϵ
ߣ
ڻ֮ɵ֮ʱҶͻȻǰһʥǹʥǹعϵķģҶֱ֤Źʥǹ뻯ײ

͡
ɫŤһħȱΣҶȣ͵ƶ֮ʥǹգɲײһ𶯣վȻըһӣϣһֶס˿ӡ
˲ӱըǱɳҶҲŷɳһǹ̴˻ţա
ȿȡôôᣬɾͷø߸ϵλѧӣôϣôϣ
˷ɳףͣѾ飬һֻѾ̤š
ȷܴͨ쾳ҲǸλѧӣȴλѧӣλ󣬱дǰ̣ңΪҵĳˣ
ԳױĻҶһ㱯ҲûУϵصҵĳˣκǿҶնɱңҲҶ𡣡
㡭㲻ú
仰ŷţǣҶΰѹ£Ҳܷ
Ҳúⲻģ㣬ҿԾ㲻úһľĲͳͳҵģ
һЦڷҶȲмһЦ
ͣ
ʥǹ˲ӻų˳Ҳ˲ʧȥҶȴһץͰѻӡ֮С


344 𶯽
նɱɾǿߡɸоѪڣ
ŴգҶ˿뻯һսȻݣҲǵսľΣգǿʵҶҲӮɡ
նɱȫʵҶһ֣ڴƣ˲䰲ָơ
ˣ
ǳԸԶţ
Щ֮еͨ쾳ǿߣЩǻ֮ˣеͶǿߣڿҶѪֶնɱĿ޵оͷһҶȷˣڲڲ
ҶȰƲһЦЩˣãͷɣǧҪ룬򣬻
˲䣬ٶ꣬ɵӿҶȶ
ҶȻһץƿںϣٶλʿȫҶƿأһģҶֻҪһЩͻ˲顣
ǸңֻôڰͨͨҵĽ̫򣬺úΪЧɣ
ſһͰ֮УٶʿȫվգͷҶȶմӡһͨˣٶʿУ̫ͨ򸽽һ֮С
Щ˴ﵽ֮󣬷ȻȥӦǡ
ɾȻ˽⣬Իȫܴݻ򣬿һ۷ǿߣٱȻǿʮ
βնɱ𣬻õٶλʿ̫򣬻ṩʵ
Ȼȥʦˣ
Ưľֺ֮ϣ˼룬Ҷһʧˡ
ţ
ãλѧӣԪȻ飬ʧطǣ֪ͨػߣִȥ飬ô£
ƮǣԺһʱգƯһ޴飬ͻȻӿͶӰţһͳ飬Ϊʧ
շʮλߣЩˣΪɲ⣬ռԪ˼飬
ǣֺ
͡
ֺϿգһƬտʼŤ̶ִĦţǰ۵ߣˡ

û˿ۼռҲƽô£һףȻΪʵסĽҲ˲նɱȻûкۼգգ
λλߣԶֺͷ֮üͷһɻؿű˴ˡ
𡭡˭նɱһҪң
ͻȻһʥǿߣͷƣӲ֮˲ʯ֮䣬ͳλǰǿǰ
ѽ겻ã㻹ͣɶףͻףϣٴνԺ
ŵʥǿ߽٣λǿߣ²شһк
ɶףû۹棬ΪߵĴڣҲԺǿߣһ֮ƺպա
ӼλִߣȻܲκζۼΪΣĻðɣǿð̣Ƕλǰ۵ߣĺܡ
λߣȻԺλִߣִߣԺȨ൱ִӣһΪףԺѧӣֻͻףʸִΪһִߡ
ִߵֵѾΧûԺۼֶεˣǾһ㣬ڱԺٻشλѧӣƫƫʱڴˣпܣ׽Ϊ
׽̣
ִ˵߬ȭͷһȭȥйһ£һɾǿߣڻңɾǿֻмλÿһλ쳣񻯾䣬ڻʵС
׽Ϊ֪ˣ׽ʲôԺǣԺһСС۹׽̣ͻˡ
һͣ߸ϵĵھͰѶ̽
ִߵģ֮Ժ㻯Ҹ̻ȥټһЩţԺ깦򣬾ͻٴελǿߣ
Ӹǣ
ȵľִ仰ȻҲ뻯䣬ڱϾʵܵõִ֤߱ӣֱ£ʹģǱȽطˡ
һλλѧ䡭ֵܣ²С£ִҪڴ˼ʩչͨѲ飬ȥػߣϣ
һֱδ˵λִߣ˵ֺλִߣ˲ûռ֮С
Ժʥأ壬
ЩԺѧӣһȺƨǸ£ǿǣȻʵҺݺһ٣
Աߣǧѧӣεȴ뿪Ʈǣʱһ䣬ʮλλλѧӣȻΧһ۸ʥλλѧӣˣǳŭֲǻλѧӶ֣衣
Ժã
ѧӣһĻ˭ûǰȰһ£ǻѧӣҲԼ£ȫܲˣƾԺѧ۸
˭ԺԺܵżҶ̩Ӹո̤ʥأ乫ȻԺһ¡
ס֣
ͻȻ֮ϣռ俪ʼζ˴ͽѧҪ׼ȴӿռ䴫һȳ⣬ңȻʮ۸ԺѧӣֱóѪʹǻλѧӣҲһ³
˲䣬žǧѧӿһĻƿԣһȻͰѻλѧӸˣǺεΪ϶Ժһ˲Ժѧӳȡ

һͨ٣£һƵ۵Ҷȣޱ飬ͥŲشͨ߳
ȻһλѧӣƲԺѧӣôǿ
ѧһҶȳ֣ʱסˣɻ󲻽⣬˾̾˿֡
ǴˣҶȣϴԺ½ѧӽʢ֮ϣõڶţ
ԣҶȣǴҲۼţǰԺѧӣȻΪõڶͼ£У
ڲɻҲҶ֮ʣٻλѧӣλѧӣͬʱţһһ̾Ҷ
Ҷȣʢ֮ȻΪԺ½еľţһֱ˵ʣ۸ͣۼҶȵˣ֮٣֮˶ʼ˽Ҷȣ֪ĳࡣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ˣʥλλλѧӣҶȵһ㿴˭ҲҵĽ˼ʣû˸ҵ
Ҳ֪ǰԺԺ۸ԺѧӣǻλΪѧӣҼһδһΣλѧΪǳҲں
˵棬ҶȿʼˣһӰ𶯣ǣڲ
иֽ٣ѵͨ쾳Žסʮ
ӦòͨƣЩλѧӲӦλѧӣ
λѧӣôήʥأٻֻԺǼλͷŲûһΣ
嶼ڲλѧӣǽˣ׷״ӷ䡢ۼ
ʥЩ˸ϵȴֳǧѧӣľŵôҳһ¡
ңһλλͷˣ
һλͨŽΪǿߣվڼλΪѧǰһץͰһλŵöҶµĻѧʵ
ʦʦ֣λǿߣǡλʦܡҶȣҶʦܣλλѧӲĻش
ʲôλѧӣҶȣ
λһ˲סķţţһλѧӣôܺ
ʦ֣Ҷȣ֪
ȻӺ߳һλˣȻǵӼҶ̩ӵڤλŵòѧӣƿҶȣʼԺʮǰԺ½ѧӽʢϣõڶ¿أѾ¹ŵӣ
һ˵ڤҲ־ȣֻǰ֪ҶȾȻ˳ɾ£Ҳţ꣬Ϊ̩ӽǸȴû뵽˻Ҷȡ
Ҳ֪ҶȣпܣҶõ¿أʵ϶ֻӵпɾʵЩܣ
ΪѧӾ˵
ҶȣԺʮꡭôǿ󣡡
λΪѧӣҡҡͷ޷ţ𺳵̾һ
ˣҲԼ۾䡣


345 𾪸߲
ʥؽ쳹һһöˮըʥըҶٴαѧΪ̸ʡ
ҶѾֱӷԾʥأڵʥأͬٻλλѧӼҶȣҲһ𺳣½ţѾǿҶϡ
ʥأ
Ȼһ鸡մ½һž޴ʯԶǶ֮С
ʦ㣬˰죬Сʦܻ𣿡
һƲ֮ϣʦʦֱڶʦӨӨңӭվΧǲмֻɹڿзۡ
ǶϵʿôļʮδСʦܣʲôǶҲֻǵָһӼ䣡
ʦӨӨ˵һءż
鷳λӭ
Ȼһ嫺ʥλʦһ̧ͷ߿գһ¶⾪ϲЦݡ
ȻŤһĻһĤֱչܿһӰӹĻ߳Ҷȡ
ʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦ㡭
ŮҶҲ̹ȻΪܻ£λʦҲҶ浱ʦܿҶΪûҪίڴ˵أΪ˴Ժ߲㣬Ҷʱһʱ䣬ǻڵ
Ŷʦ㣬㾹Ȼͻɶף
ŮҶȺȻоһڲͬϢϢԽһɣ̿ӨӨֻһͷţ֮ǿʢƣֱһӵеġ
ĸ
ʦӨӨһƳ˸趯⣬Ҷȴ
򣬶ʦΪ˶Ʒڽ֮ԨȡὣУҶȳ֣ӨӨòὣпܱ峬ǿߡնɱ
ӨӨͻ϶ףһ濿ᣬҪὣںɽͻƶףὣǵҶãԣΪӨӨȻҶȸмȻû˵ղǵ񣬾Ա
ʺ֮ҶȺȻֻϢʵšôӦʦʦϢǲڵ
ʦʦѾִ´ķּȥִȡС飬λΪѧȥѲߣ
ӨӨޣ˰ˣҲΪִ´﷨ּϵеӣҪС飬ȥִȡʦܣ̩λӿһֻа̣Ϊ׽̣ԺƣѧԺ߲㵣׽̻ƻ򣡡
׽̣
һ˵Ҷȹȣɻ֪
а̿ɲ򵥣ղյϢƺλѧӻǱ׽ɱԺҲλѧӱնɱϢ׽ΪԺ߲ʮֽţ겻Ժ䣬ǰҲأ߲ɴ˿ɼ˵̩λᱬս
ʦҲأڲμӸ߲飬ʦܣھ׼һ£ȥִȡ񣡡
ӨӨ˵꣬Ŀ⿴Ҷȣƺٴξԡ
ãҪȥִ˳ȥһʥ
ҶȵͷȻйҲûлأӨӨֱӷͨʦʦȥæ顣
ʦܣִּÿһС飬鳤ɶףͼҵС飬һ·ҲкиӦŤ֮ͨУӨӨȻҶȣָ˵
һҶȾ׻ӨӨ⣬ԼΪȨҶȣãҲΪ飬ʦ㡣
գ۾ͷɳͨһƯĽ̹·Ρʯһ̡䡣
ӨӨϷͷһӣӨӨҶ
ɣܿ죬ӹ򣬾ͻӦһƣǡ
ǻӨӨҶΪܾҪˣӨӨؿҶȣû뵽ҶȾȻҲܿƣȻӨӨ֪ҶһֱʵˣҶҲ̫ˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬˾ͷ빬֮⣬ķʮλִڻһϹŶǿߡ
빬ҶȾͷڲȻǿߣһٶˣ൱һ߽𣬶ңִڲҶȸӦʮĽǿߣִ
ҶȸӦЩڣִֻһɼִжôǿᣬֲÿԺ¶໥Լ
æµִߣӨӨҶȵһóһݷּӨӨǰĵʦããպСԱɣȴ鳤ѡλһλѧ㣬СúãȻ׼׼ȥڵʥؼЩѧӣִҲУúв׵ĵطʱѯʣ
ǣӨӨӹּĮȻشȻתҶߣҶȴͣ
ҶȿǰλִߣǿߣȭҪѧλȼ
λִһЩͷһۻӨӨõѣͷӦ򵥣ӣҶȣϴһ콻ʢõڶ½ѧӣԭɾҪλѧӣͻͨ쾳
ִһȻҶ˵ɼִÿѧϣյжôϸ
ҲǽλҶȵҡҡͷ
Ǻǣɣѵ̶ʮ깦򣬾ʹɾͻƵͨףѲɻλλִһ̲סЦ˳
ڳִߣǿߣȻκһҶⷬҲЩЦôţҲʮ꣬ʹɾͻƵͨף˵ԺʷûУ̩λʷҲûС
ִ߳ŪҶȸҡҡͷҲλģ
ߣһλѧӣôʲô£ƾʲôƨţӨӨⲻ֪ߵغС뿪һɷͽִˣоҶȴӿʼڣֱЦ
λλҲǣִʦ֣Ҷȣִλģ
ͻȻҶͦΣִһǿһִ߶ͣΪʲôΪǸܵҶһλѧӣͷŵȻܰԪ
ʲôֻ˵Ҷӵɾʵ
ʦܡ
ڣִĵģִ߾ֵؿҶȣĿⶼӨӨҲޱȣǲţæҶȣֳʲô£ִǾ鷳ˡ
ʦ㣬û£ҲҪλôҶȣԺɷѵԺѧӽ¾ǵԺ䣬Ҳô˵
Ť𺳱飬Ҷ˫ָŰȵִͣ
ֵǣִܶҶ˷޼ɵȻûб̬ΪѾҶȵȷӵλʵ
ʱ򣬴ڶִ߳һλˣȻҲףȴѾﵽ۷壬ʱͻĽףƽؿҶȣβҪ֤Ͼλһ½λԺʷبδУ
Ҷû˵ôһͷԷƽôҶҲò
ͣ׼λʽӣ֪Ĵѧӣִߡβת
һʱ䣬гԾִߣȻɢʼ׼䡣
ʦܡ㡢û뵽ʵصôҪλѧӣôҲǰʦһ
ãӨӨŴлعҶһ˫ֲֺͫᡣ
֮ﰡʦ㣬Ҳ֪̩λһֻа̣˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣ˭Ҳ޷ܱǰ̤һֵúã˵󹦣ҵĿ꣬ǳΪԺ߲㣡
ҶȿӨӨòصʦ㣬ŵλѧһֵ̣ԺƶŻҪΪ£ֻ˵һȣʲôҳҪڽµģ
û뵽ʦҲĿ꣡
˲䣬ӨӨоǰҶߴޱȣݣڽ֮ԨҶȾһ̣ʱоһģһ
ӣҶȣִѾȷԲμλӣ֪ѧӣ
ãִڲһǵľ
ĽסȻǿ󣬱桢ҲضãҸ²С
ȻҲƣֱӭ泯ҶûӨӨ۾ҶȴǷһӣͰˡ
ãȻʸû뵽ԺֲţǰòŶһλ죬㣬Щִǰ㣬˳Ҳ֪ͨ䣬ʣһ㣬õټ
λǿߣ̾Ȼʧ
Ȼܳסѹ
ִΧЩִߣЩЩҶʵڣۼҶȻ⻤׶ִ̾߱仯
һλѧӣȻֱӽλһλؽһ죬ȻЩִΪܸߣҲҪֺ־ţף˺ü꣬һ죬겻
ֶһҶȣֻ˵Ժõ


346 λѧӣ1
ִж֪һҪˣΪǾţΪЩִ߶Ҷȹȥ˽⣬ӶʮǰԺΪԺѧӣʱף̶̶ʮ֮䣬ҶһΪµӣҪλ
ңִ߶ط֣ҶȾȻҲݴ½ؼ߸߽Ժλѧӡһŵĵ죬Ҳݴ½
ագţȻͬʱһ½ûй
ǲѣһˣ춯ء
ƽƮĴʥءڵʥءʥءǬʥأѧҪôڱչأҪôæµԸ׽̴£Ͼ֮ʱһʥ֮ͻأ
ˡ
һضɽҡԶŶĺӣˣĴɢÿһײһΰ־
Ҫλ
ѧӣֹͣչءҪ£һһԺ񷣬ʥλλλλλѧӣͳͳ
ԺÿһλѧӵһʢÿһλʹԺʵһ֡
λѧӣҲΪ棬һλ棬Ȼش
ңÿһλѧӽչ¶ÿѧǰ֮ʱнƶִͨÿѧӶۼִ֤κξٶ
ȻԺ񷣬һؽƿʼɢĴѧӣһִ̣Ӳֳ
ִʥǰһƴӣִߣӣÿһ죬ģţִǰգһ󷨣󷨣ʥϣλѧλļ̨
֪һλλǿߣ̤ɵһ졭飡
ʥλλλλѧӣĿ⿴Ǹ߸ϵʥ̨Ľʡʹ˲ӿ˳
ݡ
ãִΧգһŤ֮У߳һλλѧӣЩѧӣֻиߴӰȴݣһλλλѧӳ֣ӭλԺɷ
ţһͶӰˣЩеʯ̶ɣЩǿͨľʯеǽ̻Իͣʵ۱һ㡣
½ˣ
֣λѧӹʩѧӣͷ̧ͷʾµ𾴡
ȻֻͶӰֳƣÿѧӶоңǷͶӰԽԽࡣ
ôô½٣ԺʷϣֻмζѣһΣʮǰλ¶ˣ
ҿô£Ҳȫ٣ǺŻô¹ע϶ţţ
ƯڰոߴλѧӣԭʮְһͶӰ٣ЩλѧҲס׷Щλ֮ʱҲֻмλ½٣û½١
񣬼½ˣ飬ֻڵϳֹףλλ϶ǵһ
ǣԺһȼûУһֱûУԺԺҲûеֽܳ޵
ʥأ
֮һ֮УʵǿһλλһҪߺܶࡣ
֮Уһʥڣ׷üİһǰۣ֮ϣһ֣ãһλŮӴӵȻһƵۡλݵѩ
ѩȻڽʮңȻͨ쾳ͽףһͻƵͨ쾳߽ףǲ˼飬ƣΪǶһ˹ͣǵ죬ͻɾҲѩ͡
ѩѾΪһ塣
ʦ£ѧҪλ飬Ե˵޹ؽҪڰٻѩЩԸ˵
˵֮䣬ѩУȻ˸Խĸ߼⻷ŷһľʥŮ
һͷ׷ȴģİ˵ԭһλѧӵҲ£ǣҪλѧӣһֱںˣ
ںˣ
ѩסˣɻʲôܵõע
˾ǵһֱҶȡѩһֱû˭˵˳
ʲô
Ȼ䣬ѩ̲סȻ̲סǰ㣬һѪͷ󺹡
˫ͫǻɣȴһƽѩѾ֪ῪЦȻҶȣҶȾȻҪǰλʲôԴһѩΪš
ʲô죬ҶȸᲢۣڣںҶȣȻŶ̶̶ͽλ
ʮ꣬ѩҶȲʮ꣬Ȼɾӵλѩһ룬Ҷǰ׿˵˵öãͻϵ죬Խ죬û뵽һзѸͣס
ִᵽҶȣΪʦҲţҶȣãȻӵλ
룬ֲõһҲΪǸΣգû뵽ȻһӳΪλѧӣ֪ˣ͸նɱȻΪʦҲ֣ںᣬںᣬŴʧնɱҶѻᣡ
Ѿ֪ͨ죬ҲܺڣûѴնɱæ£ʱƲֽţԸҶȣΪʦ죬ӣɳȥһҪնɱĨȥ
ͻȻһͷɱ£۽粻ô꣬ȻóҶȽжв
ʦȷʵҪЩҾ;Ǹûصôѩ˿һ㵡
˵̩λԽԽᰲʼջᱬǰնɱһǿУδǰɳ²֣
˵꣬һӣʱִͼ̨һ龰ǰ
ʱ˿̣ѧĿⶼڸ߸ϵļ̨һλλִߣվִλڼ̨֮ϣʽʼ
ʦСʦҪλ𣿡
ʱʦʦ㺫յһʱ˻˾ܵٻǰִ
ϸü¡ͫ⣬޶ˣͷǧ֮⣬մһƣϷִû˿ĶݣƽصȷǵСʦܣԼɣ
գ֮䣬ᾹȻʩչͨһ֮ңͿԽʱգһռ䣬ǰȻִң·һ̶ɵѩ棬ʼͶӰϡ
ʦã˸ͽܣҪ֪˳ɾֲͣ㣬
ԦͶӰύ̸֮䣬ȫǼףء
ЩͶӰصüΪһףҲ޷ںδҲͶӰ֮ҲͶӰͶӰһλѧӣԿ͸ɶףҲ޷͸
ˣƽɣҺȻκοռ䣬ÿ
û뵽СʦܲŶãʮ갡գڽ죬ҪλԺΪ棡
ȻЩţǣô£ָܵҶӨӨϢִʵòţ־ϲһԺλߣм쳣
죬ԺϲӣһλλѧӣǬֱӴλλǹΰ漣
̨֮ϣһλΪĽ׵ϻλսһ飬飬ѧӣӦݴ½ԺŽʮ꣬ڸոսԺʢϣõڶóɼֽ£ҪλλѧӣҶȣ
žžž
ʱ֮䣬ִ꣬ĴɽХѧӣҶûнҲûۼһУҶȵšҶȵĳɾͣѾѧӡ
Щ߸ϵλѧӣִ֮ҲһĿˣ֣һǷƣݴ½Ŷʮ꣬ңλѧӣȻһ̤λ
ѧӶסˣˣλѧӣһλѧӣʲôţţңʱʥλλѧӣҶȵż񣬵׷Ŀꡣ
ǷӦǿңоҶΪ⣬Ϊʥλλѧ
ԭڲ뵽˭ѧǣХ籩ѧӣ̨һƵ۵ӣִɳ߸ϣΪʥλ̨


347 λѧӣ2
ɲǼ䣬ѧĿⶼͣҶϣҶһ̨ͬЩʥλλλλѧӿѪڡ
û뵽գʱ䣬Ȼҡһ䣬Ϊλѧӡ
ڼ̨·ռ䣬һλλλѧӣǶѶλ½λѧӣʽϵ
У챦̺žŹӣźպУˣȻŹλᣬûϵŷֽҪλѧӣʲôλһոԺո¶ͷǵλѧӣҶȡ
Ŵʱ˿һַָоӵһ˫ۣύҶȣҶ챦̺飬ȻҶȲŲͷ࣬Ǹ˼ܵ˿òף¾ҪҶλʧ֮ۡ
ŸоͷβҶǰֻ˵ԻþĻͷȴûҶز¶Է˵
뵽Ųɵһںֱð亹ĸоҶԶ̫ࡣ
ʶҶȵѧӣ𺳾̾ԺѧӣӷڣҶѾΪԺѧӳݶ
ʮ汻˵ˣҶȣȻǸţﰡ˵Ҿȥ˵
ʥأçɽԺ֮С
Ҷһ֮ԵʮԺڶͨ쾳֣Ƽһɽ֮ߣžִ֮һĽ⡣
˭Ҳû뵽Ժһ
ʮҶһĻϸ룬ЦʮֲãоҶȴǸˬĿ̳Ҷȿȥ
ΪȻ͸ҶȴΪλһԡ
λѧ֮У˺濪ʼҶʵһһ棬Ȼ޷ҶΪ
λѧӷ׷ײʼͷ̽ҶΪһƽʱ߸ϣŰ֮ӣȻһ޷ҶΪҶ嶼޷Ҷ
˲䣬һλѧӶסˣסˣ˭Ҳ˵󻰣ö˶
λʦ֣ʦܣҶȣһССݴ½ʱ룬ش治СҾͲ£Ժλʦ֡ʦܶգΪԺЧһ
ִ߻ʾ£ҶȴǰĴѧӣʥλѧӣƽ˵
ʼʽλҶȣλһأһأǣڶҵȻʵͨؿˣλѧӣ
һأɣʥ齵٣꣬ƻ㣬һᶨͻʧܣ޷λ֣
λִߣҶָʳָ΢΢һ㣬ɾ֮⣬ͷţʥ⣬˲Ҷȡ
ߣССһʶҪƻң
ҶȲɫƾ֣֮⣬ĵףҶ˿ƾֶΣҲƻǡ
ҶȾͷˣվġ֮Уһϵ֣ߣƯԾںХڳںЦɵ˸о߲ȥһ
ಡ
һ壬ģƺܵʲôٻʼ㼯ȻضѻһΣߴޱȣȷʥЩ壬ҪߴٱֱӰҶѹڽ£ţһַĹ⻷ʼҶӿ
Щ⻷û˿вһͣҶЩ⻷룬꣬Լʶ֮Уţڱʲô˺ա
ħħħѪ
Ҫˡ
аҪ٣ΰаħ֮Ҫ˳ңһܵҵаħ֮ڴΰ

һʱ䣬ҶԺҶ˵ŻĹţͷŸаʼ֮Уꡣ
ʦʦû°ɣ
Ӫ֮У뺫վ࣬ż̨֮ϣҶȣŮɵ֡
ǷİɣֻҪаħһ㲻ܵţħģСʦܷǳ˵Ӧò£
ᣬʥŮһʥ࣬ƽ֮У߸ϣһ
ʱһһȥѧӣھȴš
䡭
ͻȻһΰصҶ֮г⻷飬Ĵɡ
ֻ󻤷âҲ˲飬󻤷һһؿҶȻ˫ۡ
ǿԪ񡭡
λ˴˾̾ǻǵһҶˣȻԪֱƳʶƻ
ֱ󻤷
λѧӿһĻޱȣǶܹ鿼ˣ־ᶨԺɣôַӾͻᱻƻ󣬴δͷħ޷ͨˣʵֻǹƻѣ־ᶨûκв
ҶȲȥֱԪ顣
飬ѧӹŷ޳ʶʶǿޱȣɾ߽ףסڡκɵͽʶȴû뵽Ҷǰ˴ˡ
ãʵˣλʩչʮ֮һһױ׼ֻҪܿסǹǻǹͨλԣôλѧӣ
λͬ˵ȻֱӷһץŶҶһӣͷŵ϶Ϊһγһƺ嫵׹⣬Ҷڵļ̨ռ䣬ףռ˺ѣں
λ߸ϣŷͽ֮ҶȵԺ߾ѧ֮һ׾ֻλѧӣɣкα£
ǿҪңƬ̾ͱɱˣλء
󻤷ʩչ׾Ժʥλλλλѧӣܵ޷ƣǻ޵Уڼ̨֮ϣǣ˵ڻܷվţܣͱ󻤷ƣ˵ѹȶ
У̨һɾ޴ţڽڲļ̨磬ףϺХݺᣬңʼγһɾ޴׹⣬ҪҶѹ
̫󣡡
ѧӣŸ飬Ҷο֮ʣҶȺȻж˫һ֣ƯգţԺµ󷨣̫ˣңһ̫ŻʼҶ֡
ʲô
ǹԺ󷨣̫Ȼ󷨣õ˴죡
λѧӼʶԺ־֣һͿҶȾȻʩչ̫󣬲ңȹԺһӣҪõô죬һʱ䣬һλѧɻؿҶȡ
ҶȣôԺ󷨣̫󣿡
󻤷һ̫󣬾ͿʼҶȣܼ򵥣ǻҶǹԺϸҪҶȽѹ
λԼλͬʦ֡ʦܣնɱԺ֣Ժʢ֮УҾնɱλ޵ӣѷϣȡ̫һЩŵԼо󷨣
λǼϸһ᱿Լ¶ţǹȻԣնɱԺţѷ¹Ժ᲻ðѳѷҰװնɱɣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͰ˱鿴ȴƮţ˵ȴɻĿ£Ƶ˵
ˣҲĨȥɣȻġ
λλͬţҲԺ󷨣̫󣬶ԺѧԪҲһ֣ǾͼʶʶһԺ߾ѧԪǺεɣ
һ
̸Ц֮䣬ҶȾȻ˫ִһʱһֲ翪ֱ֮ӳ׹Ȼ
ȻԺԪȻȷǣ
Ӫ֮УһͶӰ֮ϣͻȻһ̾ƺԪʮ˽⡣
ԪλλҶȾԲǼϸôԺңȷǸǱҲɲţ
ִһͶӰһ֮
¡
¼仰ոƮҶʩչԪֱӺ󻤷һѼ̨ӡҲƣʱڷƣӼ̨֮бѧ
Ӵ˿̿ʼҶȾԺλѧӣ
󻤷˴˿һۣҲûκλ֮Ĵѧӣ¡ɾλѧӡ
žžž
ɽ쳹ˡ
ٿ
ִߴ䣬ҶϻƵգ۾ͻɽǰۣһſŽʥ֮˸Ž⣬ҶȴӴˣԺ߸ϵλѧӡ
ڿʼȥʥѡֻλѧӲչأȻµӣ
λҶʦܽλʽѾԲǶۼ֤ϣҶʦΪһ޵ȡ̤λţ
Ͽʼһ̻壬֮ĴٴλָҲִͶӰҲɢȥһλλλѧҲ뿪ˡ
ǣĴȻϲ˷


348 䣬
λƣһݴ䣬нλĽ٣ֶҩһǧöлһһƷƷʮڶʯ
̨Ʒӡִ֮⣬λִߣʼҶȼ¼ǼǣʼλĽ
ḻʯ뵤ҩҶҪģûȥ̫ʿֲ֪ͨ쾳ǿߡ
ŻλѧӲյͨ꣬ԼһЩʶһ㻨˰ʱ䡣
λѾյ־ҶȾҴȥǬ䣡
һͻȻʽ䣬ȻʧӨӨճִ콵䡣
Ȼ֪ͨ£ǾͲִ֮£
Щ߰£ᣬ飬֮䣬˫ûκνʣƺежԣתһһȥ
ʦλʦ㣡
ڻȥһǰ۵ҶȣȻ糣ᡢӨӨʩ
ʦܣģɷʦˣ
ʦ㺫գȻԺˬҶǰҿΪҶͶ¶ҶϹġ
ˣ˶ȥæɣԺƽȣǿɲҪʲôӣŮַϲҶ֮ʣȴĮȻ˴ˡ
һ֣˲ҶȽһգ۹򣬾ʹһƣԪʥҪ߳ٱʥأǬ
һʥأ
սǬҶȾ͸оϢȫһ޾޴󣬺Ӵݺأ֮ϣƯһ½ȥʮ㣬ڴءǿзУһϢͷų
ǬʥأͻλѧӣҲУһλѧӣҪôڽλһ̣Ǳһ֮꣬⣬ҪǬʥأҪΪԺ´ͣſԽУ
ᵭ˵߹󣺡չ涨һлᣡ
ʦΪǰɣǰһΣ飬һֱǵã֪߸ϵ䣬ʲô
ҡһ䣬ΪλѧӣҶȱͻͨ쾳ΪʵٴᣬѾƽƽ
ûκα飬ֻ΢΢Ц㣬Ҳǿ˼ϣԲʦȷҲδ̹㣬֣Ҳû˽̵㣡
ҶȺòǫǰ˵Ĳ˭ҲûʸΪҵʦҳΪλѧӣҪ´󹦣Ϊ߲㣬ǰ׽жôǿ̩λѾʼˣ
׽˵ô
ȻҶôһ˵Ͳ֪׽̵
ȻǰҲǿϣŸģ׽̸ʲôа̣Ǵɽ罵ٵǿڽ̣ɽ磬ӵȨƣһʹߣȫ˾ͷ͵һ㣬ǰΪԺԺ׽̶֣
ңǰãԺͽıңʵǰۼ֤׽ʹԺһϹŶΪĽǿһսֱǾԣ׽Ӵ˵䲻ģԺҪģû׽̣ȴɽȵǿˣ
ܱѾܣҲ沨ֻǿԼսʱ֮ʣҵ취
ת濴ᣬҶȰһ׽ֶΣ渵ڿʼ
Ϊ֪ôࣿ
һ̣Ȼ֣ǰҲܵҶ˵һУλȵȣѾпҶѾһͨλѧӡ
ǰ£Ȼ֪´ƣ׽ԺӣΪľǶԸԺ
ҶȺȻЦΪ֪ô࣬Ǻǣǰ˼Ͳܸ㣬˵ҵķϣҲŶ˵Щһǰ벻£Ѿˣٿ飬룬ζԸ׽̵ģˣǰûҪ˵̫࣬ʱȻۿȥɣԺ䡮ơεҺʶһ
߰ɣ
˼һƶˣҶһǳ֮
ҶֽһһǬʥ֮Уʮ֮˴߳һϵʥһżʥһͦ
ɰ˽ס
ҶͻȻһɫ˲䣬ĿΰϵʥƿͣϣԺ䣬ƣһɰ˽׵ľͷ
һ̤ƬʱգҶȾ͸ܵʥ֮УһɰƣƣȻڣɰ˽߾ƣչ¶š
㾹ȻܿΪɰ˽ףһ˲䣬ᶯʼ´ҶȣãղҶһٻɡ
Ҷȵĵ־ͷԼΪҲ뿴Ҳܵˣ䣬ɰ˽ף̩λ棬ҲûмˣҲֻԺԺ䣬֮ȼ磡
Ҷȵƽȣȴһֱû侲ͷžη˵䣬̩λΪΪԺԺ䶼Ҫһ֣ѹסԺ
ɰ˽ףȷ̩λ޵аǣڸ߼λɽ˵ɰ˽̫࣬Žסʮ׾ͷҲУҪ̩λ棬ԺҲֻг٣
Ҷϸϸû˵ɰ˽׵ȷǿ󣬾ҶҲ޷⣬նɱɰ˽пܣǴ̫̫󣬶ûʮգǿߣʱίߵĺá
Ȼ־ͷѣֻ·һ
Ҷȿʼʥϵʥߴףʥ⣬أˣȻǿߣңҶȻоǬʥػ֡
ҲУ̾ǬԺȻĵһԺʵ̫졣
λߣûˣһֱۣһ
ỹǺ𾴵ʩҶҲ«ưȻʥ֮С
ʥܴտһϹżһЩ֮⣬˸о泩Ԫʮ־ˣȲϽ֮ԨκεطҪٱǧ
㿴Ǿ䣡
ʥ֮󣬸оûκ˴ƵģտյڲȻָһδɵĵ˵
Ҷɫһһֻզһ֮£վһλģƮֳһϿ̵ϸĵǰһŷǲ׺ɣܡ
ƺûע⵽ں󷽳֣ſ̵ϸĵһ̻ŷǳˮĺۼ·ǲصڡ
꣬ŷһλ̹ڵϣ޲ڣ̻ڣݱ֮
ַ֮ŷ̺ϲ֮֮ǿ̵ŷǲݱһ㣬ȥ
һżΪҶһŷпʲôѿڶ
ٴ¶ȱ飬Ҷȣȷл۹⣬ʩչԺĵΪڤ䡯һżΪɼ
ããǱԺѧӣ˵ĲҶȣȻ߻ۣܿɶסǿ߶޷
ԺꡰơͻȻХһ¿̵ת¶һֻʮգ˫ͫŷ̺ϣºۼ
ʾҶȣͬʱʩμ䣡

ʩ˲䣬佭ƾȻǰĿҶϣȻ¶һ˿ɻ󣺡ãã䶼޷
侹Ȼ˵ֳ֣ޣ죬ǳݴ½ݴ½һˮأϧݴ½ѾĪʧҲ޷鱦أҶȣʶ
ʶʶЩĦݴ½ɳһֱŵţνһɽݶ컹ҳ֣ȷһţ̾磡ǿ佭ƣҶȻʯ
ʮҶݴ䲻ǣͷǰõŽλʵȴףҪλϧûɶٹͣȻţȻΪҲǲܡ
첻ͬǫ飬Ժкܴչռ䣬ҿ㣬̩λƲ㷢ӵʱ򣬺úñ֣ϣȵҪһΪ£ʱҾͰԺ湦ڤ䡯㣡ƽ˵֮ͫУ˸һâ
л俴أҶһŬ´󹦣ս£Ҷȵ⣬ӽƿУѾõϢ
ãġӡ̺֮ȥ԰٣
ͻȻָ⣬һλɫӣҶȣˣԲɾΪӦͨ쾳ɣ
л䣡
סӣҶ̼ܵһɰҶȸ˵ĺܣ̰ѱպãȻشҶڻͨ˽ף
ͨ˽ף
һ㶣ЦããǾţͨ˽ףӵһΪҲ֣
ҶЦͨ˽סΪͨ˽ףҲŲͨһΪ
ҪǱ֪ҶֻͨһףǱ֪ôҶȾͻվ鷳
ûãҶȾ˽ƣ뿪ʥ
죬Ϊ⣬䲻֪߸ԺƣûôףҾҶȣúǣ㣡ʥ֮УƵ˵


349 һ
ˣˡ
һΧһ򣬷ǳ֮УʮλʿҦѴ£ȹϵϣת
Ҧ֣Ҳ֪ҶȾȻλѧӡ
ʱһװһȺͬװʿӳǳһϹ
ҦѼɣһ㣬͵ǰ֣¿ˣһҶ֣ʮ궼ûҶǼһϢȴû뵽ڳɾλѧӣʵɱܣ
ʵҦڱϺܾ֣ȴܺ£û뵽ҶӵλʵôʮǰȻҲгǿʵʱҶȣ˵Ҷ֮¡
˵һʱ֪£һصǣԺѾ޷ԸҶȣ²ƻ˵ǶԸҶȣ˿ԣߣڨڨһЦһͨ쾳ΪҲǵǸɡ
ܿʧڳǳ
Ҷ֡Ȼλѧӣãã⣬û뵽ֽʵزҿеˣ
֮УһսڻǺ֮дսڲ̩͸͸ʰ쵵Цݡ
õҶȽλϢ̩ʵ𾪣⣬УҶȻǸ˲ţڶ̶̼ʮУλһֱûϵ£Ȼ½磬ٶҲǺܾ˵ġ
ҶѾʼִԺ߲㣬ֻҪ߲㣬Ҿͻ׽Ժһһָƣٴ̵
̩̹սڣسǿϴ
ƮǣԺѧȻûдҶȽλƽ׷ۣһΣҶѾΪԺ˶֪λͷ
Ǭ
ڴɣһ깦򣬶˵о޴ջ񣬶仹һšӡӣ԰㾡ͨ쾳һ̤ɾ
һƬϰż֮УҶһ֮н٣ոս٣ҶȾ͸оƬռвǱ޵λѧӣռ䣬ƺרŸλѧеĵһ
ӿɲ򵥣֮壬պͻɾо޴ҵû뵽ôʱڣܴɾ˲ͨ˽ף
ҶƲЦЦڸᣬԼֻͨһףҪҶȵϹŹ￴
һƵļ̨ͷˣչأ£ûٻҲǬ̫ͣãǬԺʥأ֪λѧӣ֮ӵ
ƮǿԶţһǸȽϷЩżԶŵ
һץ̼ͰѾúã̫¯Ҳʱ׼ãҲչᾢҶŷǴ࣬ʼӿȻҶڡ
䣬ƹȻǾ֣ɰ˽ףǿ߻Ҫ̫̩࣬λ棬桢̩ӡǧ䡢ħЩ˭Ҳ֡
δλԺ䶯һ߳¹ͣԺ߲㣬ǼһһΪû뵽ҲǶţʹӦ߲㣡
ƴ治򵥣ΪͷԾǸ󵹲öԸǧ䡢̩ӡɽЩֱֲӶԸƣһССλѧӣжý˾ͺã
ڤ䡯Ժȷɼ֮УҲǺѵõģ˵½磬챦Ժ̫ʿҲĶô
ʱˡ
һ֮ҶȷһͰѻ̫¯ǬҶȿɲĿŵѻǰ
һףʮ־޴Ҷȸոմ߶̫¯һɹŨͿʼӻţ򡢽𵤡Ѹٳ
գգӴԺҪնɱɾǿߣǵľ
ľӿҶһ̣ҶȵڿͣҲɽ𵤣ڼӡ
Ҷ˲͸оԼͨһ׼۷״̬ϧҶ̫ǿ󣬽ƾһһ׵Ļǲܴﵽͨһ۷塣
Ϳűӣʲô
ƴҶǿűӣ˲Ҷǰ룬ʱ͸оһɳԽһ׵ʼͷš
ĨɱԺ־
ձ֮ʱҶȲǰ־ĨɱнƵҶȲĨɱƾпҶ֮ͬϢӶҶȡ
ּǿߣֻҪ־עκһѧ֮Уƿأһѧ޷֣ǿߣ֪λ⣬ǳ׶ԺԽƳ
ԭǿǽɰ˽޵оͷƶɣһλѧӣҪĨɱҲܣͽ޷߽ףҶУɾ־ʲô̫Ĩɱο̫⡣
ž
֮ͻȻҶɢоһɴɸֱ߽עҶһ㡣
ţҶͿʼ鱬ըϸͬͻƾһ㣬׷ױըȻʹ࣬ɾ߽˲紺ƵأУǣо쳣̹
һЩѪʣë֮˲ͱɢݻ١
ըƽϢֻҶͫӾں˳ݣ̲ؾ޴
գӵȷǱϷ˶ΪΪͨһԭɾǱӾûôЧԺ´󹦣ҪҪЩӣ
ӣڵҶ˵ʮȫҩֻҪͻɾӾ档
ҶǿܿһգҶҲ֣Ѿͨ쾳һ۷壬ãͻͻƶףʱƾʵնɱɶסҲ¡
ǬƮĵطŹȥ£̫ʹ棬һ֮󣬿ҵڵļ
֮УҶȿʼǬƺһӿٽ򣬱̫¯Ϊ̫
Сӣ̺֮ɾͣû˿һжɾͣ
һ˫ͫԶҶһһ
ˣ䣬ơ
һֱҶӵٶȣʵܣɰ˽ΪԿ̩λκһУȻ͸һֻɰ˽Ϊĵӣ
ȻǸҶȣɳȥɣֻ㣬Լ죬Ҫõ֪Ժû㣬ҲأҪҶȣõ켵ʺڣѧӶһΪԺңδ
Ҷڶʮǰһͨλѧӣҡһ䣬ӵλʱ䣬һʵҲǸ˵
˫ͫһɨʧڲ֮С
ơҺصúãͻᱻ
ڽȥ֮ҶȺȻۣһƲǹһЦƾ㣬Ҳ뿴ҵܡ
Ҷͻͨ쾳õ仯桢̩ӡǧˣҲ޷ҶȣֻгħпܣϾħһۣǵۣҶҲоЩ
ħһλɵۼվɽ۷壬Ȼǲˡ
ձʵ߲٣仯޴󡭡
Ǭ̫ϱãҪӡЩ̫
ǬҶ鲻Խ̫̫̫ڻָţ̫ģûԴԴ޷չ
ҶȿʼһЩȫǷӡǬ޴ķȫ̫
̫㣬ȴǹ
˵桢ֳǿ߱ˣҲռˣһˣ߽ΪͿݺ޵֡
ϷԴ쾵һͷ쾵佭ָ߽׾ͷҲǷַӱ˺ѣ䡣
쾵Ʒ֮еߣˣѾԴ߶쾵΢Ѿݺᷲ硣
һʱ䣬ҶЩ̺ǬҶȰѷȫӡ
һꡭǬһ꣬ҵʹﵽ۷壬ͻɶףߣҾȥִȡ˳㣬ȥѰҘʥ
׽̡ɽĥ졢̩ҲǳصģЩѾڰ˶Ҷڱץסκʱ䣬׼ӭӼսҡ


350 Ժ䶯
һҶ϶뿪Ǭǰִ
Ӱһ֮Уգ۹ҶȾͳʥأٴνһͳִ
ԭҶʦܣû뵽ô
һִһλλΪִߣͬʱ˲ӦҶȳ֣׷Ҷȼ棬Цӭ
ȻҶλѧ֮󣬱Ӧ޷õִעϾһһλѧӣòִעҶȲͬλõټѧ
䣬ԺѧһҲδʸǴλѧӣҲ޷䣬ߣֻ¡ִԼžӢԺڲϹŶʸ
ִִߣΪûмܼġ
ԣҶνλѧӣȻ󲨣ܼ䣬ΪԺѧӽֵĴ£ִߣҲĽĺܣҶһִ߶Цӭ
һλִ߽ߣҪȥ˵仰
Ҷλѧӣ֪ҪԺȥҪλѧִùϵÿִҲǿͿ
Ϊ½٣û뵽ǸոսλҶȡ
һëͷСӣܵõټҿڱΪˣ
ִҶȵִڣ߳һλλλѧӣһٶˣЩ˸λѧӣԺ߸ϡ
ÿ˼Ҷִ˵ЦĽǼʣвζ
Ҷʦܣ㣬տʼţһţû뵽һתۣҶʦܾͳΪλѧӣ˹Ŀ࿴
Ȼִ߳һλλѧӣȻǵԺ½ѧӽʢḺˣӡ
żλλѧӣӵҶȴȥһߣһ߻ߺȣò⡣
ʦ֣㱣ʦҲн죬ǻǼһҽҺÿлʦֵʱʦܸм
ҶҲΪ⣬û뵽ǡײӣ㱧ȭӭӱϴûȣѡ
Ҷȴ֪ػ𣬸ǿԼϣֻΪ½ѣǹƨڵ£˵壬ݷǳá
ЩҲˣҶҲû˵ȻЦݣ˵Ц벻λѧʶλѧӪ֮С
Ҷʦܣ̤λҲúϢôȡʦ㣡һȺλѧӣΧҶȽִ
ҾңԲܹ࣬ȡȡ͵㣬£ΪԺһ
˵棬ִߣҶʮָߵ˵ɤӳÿ
ԭ˼
ЩλѧӡִһˣҶȲ䣬õҲټҶȡ
ͼһ仰ҶȾλӪִˣκֶΣֻһ仰κζãÿλѧӡ
ʲô˲б½ӸѶˣƤӰɣ
ͻȻ֮УһЦ
λѧͰҶȷֳִߣЩλѧӣƺ˵֮ˣʮּɵ
Ҷȳڲȥִֻ̨վżλλѧӣͷߣͬһаۣǸӢǹ꣬ϢʮְԵǿʢһɢϢʮҪࡣ
Ȼλѧӣһλɶ׵ǿߡ
Ժλѧÿһȼʮѣһף֮һؤһǻʵֱִۣǿߣλ߳һأλ꣬Щһλѧӣպøס
Ҷȸǰηηֱӿ꣺λʦ֣ǲˣƤӣԺ֪ˣ㲻ɶףʲôʲôԹԹȻսңҶȣոսλԽκսҿǲˣƤӣ
ս㣿
һ㶣ȻЦǲ֪ߵغ³£ʲô񣬲ʸսңҽϯ
ϯϯʦ֣ղײգԺִʽһΣ޳Ҳң
ΪҶȻþգϯλɷǣû뵽ҶȾȻǰһֳָϯս
˲䣬ִÿλѧӣüŷһսҪΪҶĵ
ϯʲôˣЩλѧӣĸ֪ţλѧеţвŲ꣬޵ɶףٶȣԺ˵Ѿеš
ҶȲŸոսλǿʵҲһ׶ѣսɶϯ϶ֻʧܵķݣǣ·һ
Сӣڼ𣿡ϯͻȻ
ִգҲٿȻţִߣ׼ִִڻ֣ܶΪѧ֮䣬ԹƽսֻҪ˫Ը⣬ͿִǩԼȻŻˣִһս
Ҽ㣿
ϯôһʣҶ֪ϯԥڼɵ£ڼɵ䣬ҶӦսǱһһҶκ⣬ϯҲ֪᲻Ϊ
Ҷȶ˵սԼ֮£κ޹أϯ㲻õ»֣İɣִ²֣ϯеӣ㣬ǾӦսɣ
㡭
ϯЩֺֻ֪ڣҲǣҶӦս϶£Ӵ˶Цǲ
λ̫ˣ˰ɣ
ϯò⣬λѧĿֹ֮ͣʱһλִͶӰϿգ٣ĽǿƣʼÿλѧӶоŲ죬챻ѹƵġ
ѾͷҪңң˭£ҲҪһɶСӣʲôϯиλʦֵܣ֮һִϯ
ҶᵽȻѡôӴԺ󣬾ԺԺҲҪһûеѧӣ
¡ִߡλѧӣҶȾȻԼ˾˵꣬ˣתȥ
⡭
ϯһ£ǲ̶֮Уһ仰һȻߵһҲ˲ãҲãϯջҧӦˣãҶȣִ֤һսҪʥءڵʥءʥأԼѧӿ֤Ҫƽ
ܲӦսȻϯֻһ·ԺȲѣƵ·ˣ¡ִĵ˵
ᡭҪ۵ģ
ͶӰεҡҡͷΪҲֻܰɷ£ôλѧӵ棬ܰѹȥ
¾ˣд·
ԺѾм꣬ûλѧִս̨죬֪ͨλֵܣֿˣ
һλѧӣִߣʼһһ
ֻգ۹򣬵ѧӣҶȴλѧһ½λ֮£ͻȻԺ߲㣬һöҶȵذʧ
½λѧҶȣ֮սɶ棬ϯ
ɲǼ䣬Ժˣը˹ҶȽλϢӻ𱬣Ϣ˲ԺƮǣǱǡƮǡǡ䳾ǡЩҪ򣬽񲡶һӡ
ѧӣϢͿʼԺع飬ֻʱ䣬ǲŲŹڲеλѧս
ʲô
ž
й֮УټλŮӣͻȻһͶӰ֣һ
꣬˲վһƾͰˣй𶯣·ŭ¼ֱִˡ
СʦܣȻսϯ
ӨӨϢҲЩţЩλãҶȽλ⵵£ڷͷ˼ϣڣҶȾȻҪսɶףǿϯ֮ս
Сӡ
Ȼʮֶŭȴû˵ʲôڿʼӴҶȣ֣Ҷ޳սɶףȻȡʤգΪ£ỹǵһˣȥִʸ
ȡ
ˮˮµĵʱ֮С
˿̣һɽ֮Уöˮһֻһλ꣬һֻɺ֮ϣңòڡ
ˣԺεģ䡣
꣬ѩ´ߣΪŵӣֱˮ´ߣҶ˿νͬʱ
ʦܣ£д·ǰЩ죬֪ҶȣΪλѧӣ֪ղָɳһ춯صĴٶ
һλǰ۵ˣƺ֮м彵١
üͷһŶҶôˣ
̾СӣǵսϯϯҲɶףλеҶȲŸոսλȻսϯ֮սҾ֮󣡡

ĬˣָһĨǸʧ˳ȥ


351 ٴս
ʥ
ʥԺҪִҪʥĵطΪʥ֮УȫԺؼ󷨡ȵؼӡʥ
Ժֻλѧӣʸʥ죬ȻһЩλѧӣ¹ͣҲԽʥλѧ˵ʥã߲ʡ
գգ
˭Ҳû뵽ϯǼһһȻһ죬Ӧս϶֮սնɱǸŵλҶȣһͻ£
ǸҶȣһǰȥǬܵټҪôټ֮УõټϯɱҶȣԺͱԺȥˣ
һʮ˲ߵʥһʯƯգʥһ㳡λѧڼҶսϯ¡
ϾԺûλѧִ֮սϹŶҲ֪ˣԣµʥλϵλѧӶûв֪ģ󲿷˶֪
ϯǼһãʲôţ¶ûпУǸҶȣһµСŮλѣ
ʱʥ߲㣬һŻУɳһλ꣬λ꣬һͷ쳤ͷƣһ֣㳡λѧӣӦˡ
Щλѧӷ׷վ˾ʦ֣
ӣ
ڡ˾꽵һ̣λѧӣҡ
ôλѧӣȻλ˾꣬˹Ϊ˾գ֮һҮɼһ
ԺĸѧӲ֪˾壬˾ԺӵкܸߵλҲкӵԺУλѧӣҲʮλһλ£Ҳ˾ҵĳ档
һ壬һλ棬ô壬жôǿ
˾λ£Ϊ˾ףԺڶ֮Уʵǿһλ˾壬˾׸֮Уϵ
Ӵ˾塭ôӣߵи࣬ôʦܣд񣡡
ͻȻһλǰ۵λŮӣ֮ȽȽʥ縡͹͸磬˼˸棬ĳ֣λӣĿתˮ
ĽͤĽʦã֪ǺýãҶСʦܣ˵
˾λѧӱ£˫ֱ콵ٶĽͤЦ
Ľͤغ˾ô˵ԵʮȵʦϵܺãҪˣţСǿߣΣ˾Ļҿɲ㣡
һŮˣҲŲƽϣҶǸСϣϯúðһ˾ƺҲҵĽͤһת÷ζ챬ը俴ˣͷţ
С
Ȼһ޵ʥķ
˾һǷŭ֪һͷɫϾ˭
Ҷȴү
һ۴Ͽջ֣ߣҶȣλλѧӣ˾λɶǿߣԺλߵĹӣҶȴһм
˾û뵽˻ᵱֺ̾ȵСӣ˭ڳԣͺúʰ㣡
ʱ˾ԱһλλѧӣѵӡǰòŽλҶȣ
Ҷȣ
˾壬Ľͤλѧӣͬһ̾¶Ŀ뿴Ҷȡ
СӣãնҲҪúʰ㣬֪˾忪ʼˣóһף
˾壬б£еս̨һս
˵棬ҶȾȻ˾ս㲻˾ҵĹţ˾һи棬ô˾壬ǸʲôʵðɣҲϻе𣿵Ŵҵ棬ս㣬еӦս𣿡
찡ҶȷˣղŲսϯ֡
λѧһ׷ҡͷΪҶǸӣߵŽλӪ͵ôˣôǵˣﲻˣ󣬾ǲԺҲǴ粽С
Ҷȣ
ĽͤȻ˫۳մɫ糺죬ĿתضҶȡ
СӣƾղӣҾӦսˣʲôʱ˵ɣ˼ɵ£ҿɲᣡ˾붼룬Ӧսˡ
Ҷָͷ֮ͬҪͬʱսϯ˾壬ͷظĴɣҪѧԺ
ã
˾εȱһ£ͷɶǿƣʼռ䣬˫һӡŲλͬԺʦֵܡִλ£˾壬ѾӦҶսִ֮Ҷս˾﷢ģΥԣ֮׼ʱﵽִ
˾Ȼ˲ʹ˲񷣬ԺĴشֻһʱ䲻Ĵѧӣ£ǬǱѧӣ˾ڵ
ԺѧӣҶս˾塢ϯ˶Ӧսλʦֵܣ֤֮ɣ
Ҷͬһ𶯲񷣬˾ǵսû𺳣Ҷٶ
£Ժٴκ䶯Ժ߲㣬Ҳ첨ˣһոսλѧӣȻսλɶѧӡ
ң˾廹˾׵ĺˣ¾ʹˣ֮䶼Ϊ
ˡСӷˣ
ϯʮλλѧӣȾƣͻȻ˾塢ҶȵĴ¶Цݡ
ԭɵҶȱ£䣬ڣ˾룬ɱҶȣôҪˣ˳еϯȻģϯ֪˾ҵ¿϶Ụ̣ʱ򣬾ûʲôˡ
뵽ϯٺƾƣһͬʹɱ
Ҷȣâ̫ʢ̣³첻µز£ϧˣ
ѧӣ׷̾ϢȫûпҶȣһոսλѧӣȻսλɶǿߣ
кϷˣ
вѧӣſ̬ȣʼĶ
һ죬ѧӣʼ󣬳Ʈȥ֤޴¼´ⳡеĺϷ
ˡˣҶȣ㵽ʲôҪҲðǲǣ
մִ֮ͨͻȻڲ֮䴫úݺݻӶȭơ
ããҿжٱ£ԸλɶѧӣɹˣһƼΪ£ִߣ
˺һӣŻ֣ҶȾԲçײԺԺվסŸ
ôּǣֻ˼¼Иʥ
Ժ𶯣˭Ҳû˼£Ҳע£ʥ֮УҶȴԣ鿴һž
һ㣬ûʲôؼȫԺѧӣһμǣҶóŵõĘʥͼʼһһѧµּǣһһȶԣȻҵͬص㡣
ͨųѲܵĵص㣬ֻʣططпӵИʥ
ʮյĵطϹż֮УһԺվסţȥѰҘʥ
ʱ䣬ҶȲŰּǣɨ⣬ҲȶԳпӵИʥĵطŷ
ڣл˸£Ҷ֮ϰ
⵱ϰ޷ȹຣﵽ˰
ϯ˾壡
˶ǷһһЩˣΣҾˣݸ߲㣬עңںң
ιȻսҶȼƻһ֣ҪԺվסţ߲㣬ֻкգ촫棬ø߲ע⣬һ졣
ҶҪȫ֪̩ʲôҪ̩ӶԸԺҪڼеõôôȥ
ǣ
һƬǿ֮Уһ۵ĵһλһص
ţ
ͻȻۣϢݺᣬλߣջ˫֣ʵǰѻᣬôˣ
һǱвھȻһϣһ󡭡
ϳһĨɱɫնɱΪҾղǸ
Ǹˣλߣƽʵһƽˣκͨ
УֻǾãǸӬе㷳˰ˣںǰӡ֮ҲҪնɱʲôԺ̩λֻһλߣǾң죡˵
ٵȵȰɣһںϲָܻǰٷ֮һɾ˵ϡλ߿ʼ۾ƺƬռҲʧ


352 ֮
˷֮У˲ľ½ţһĴܣϣͷŹϿϡͿռܡ
һҶʲôˣԺɽð׽ֻ̣аҲλ棬ٴγɾ͵˫ȭһ֨һռ䶼ڱըûߴ
ʱĵԲһոͻһ׵ǿƾƣҲ޷

˷ڳƮǴʹѧӣͳͳǻƮǣ֤ѵһķ֮ս
ִλϿգ˻ͣʼһӡ֮Уһʮ޴ս̨վ̨ȫӡҪ֪ɶʮ־޴ġ
ӡãԺܴѡ
һϵս̨ܿ쵮ţĴսƣһͷţʥءڵʥءʥءǬʥѧӣһ̣֮еִƯڲ쾡ͷľ޴ս̨
ʮλִߣʼΧս̨ķս̨߿ոĴɼѧӣҪôƯڿУҪôվڲɽۣ֮Ҫôڹ֮УֻǳȺ¶վڵĿͳͳ
ѧǼѣǶʥλλλλѧ˵λѧսǿѼλѧΪ߸Խˣ֮䣬ò˴ĦģۣϹڣкܴ
ǬЩλѧӣ֮˹עΪעϯ˾壬ǹעʱ䣬Ժ籩½Ҷȡ
ҶԺ֮⣬ܳţЩλѧӣŻɡʡ̬ۼ֤һλŵҲһ£ҴҶܹһ㣬ҶսλɶǿߣǾǾףκη涼ᳬԽ죬ΪԺͷ½
֪Ÿոսλѧӣսλɶѧӣһսؽʷᡣ
½ˣ
ս̨ķգͻأӿһƮƶȫһ֣һѧ޷ϣǬλѧӣؿա
ңһΣͶӰ±ˣ
ÿһ֮ϣ˸߸ϡ˰֮⣬иµӣǰˮҲһһ֡
ӨӨաŵӣվ̬࣬£˭ҲҴ˵Ŀһֱڹ͸ɱս̨֮ϡ
µӲֻ࣬ˣһѩһǸòͨϴзϢꡣ
ˮҲмλŵӣȻУɹ°˫ֹͫˮо⡣
͵ɨȥжʮλ£ÿһλ£ΪĽףµӣҲһ׵ײȣЩ£ƽʱһ㲻һΣԺѵһδ£µȻԭ
ؼÿһλ£ƺ²ؼᣬû´кǰЩ£˹ͨ˵Ц
ӣһû뵽Ӷ̤λ
ĿԶǷ̬ׯϵߵͷȻѩڿʩ
ʦ֣Ҿ֪Ҳ
ѩƺҲԺ½ѧӽʢһ̨̣ͬ뵽겻ѣս̨ˣͬʱµվ˸߶ȣ
ǺǣҶʦ֮ӣӼһ´ƴ棬񻰣ʵҶʦнҲ⣬ֻ̫Щеγѣսλʦ֣ʵЩףҲ֪ܲܶɹ٣䵭˵Ƶᣬ˫ͫҲӿЩ⡣
ȻսȻаգѩ²Ӧ
˲˵ʲôʾ֮󣬾ͻصˮ
ʦã䣬һϢܹŹ֣ȻûнλʵӦͨʮ۷壬ȷʵǸţ
λòͨ꣬ѩߵ˵һûκϢ֮
ѩ΢΢ʩ񣺡ʦ֣ε컹ǲ
ѽҲ֪ӣ˭ܵһЦЦѩصҡ
ಡ
ʱһ࣬һͨƬտʼ𶯣֮ȻҵԺͷš
˾£αŪô󶯾
һץһ֮ĨȥȻˣѩǺ˼𾪿Ŵͨٵ
֮ϣһλ׷ԲԡǡüݵİѮߣ߿ȥݰͰ͵ģ˫ͫȴ⣬λߣ˾棬˾ףҲǸ߸֮һ
˾֣̫˰ɣգѪһս
һλ£ʮλŵӴӵڶ˾£λ΢΢һЦ
Щˡߣ
˾˫ü΢΢һ壬Ƴ֣ԦһߣվźüλŵӣһɱڣĿȫʦͽˣȻֱᣬȴˡ
ɱ⣬⣬̼䣬ӨӨ˸ܵˣ֪ƣûз
˾£Щµӣͣ˼֪һֱµӣȻ˾׶Ի
˾һ΢΢˼£ȻӦ££Ҳո˵󣬾ǲ֪ж೤
˫üһս֮ϣֻʵû˾£ںӱߣвʪţСĽһ࣡
ʶλ£ǶǸ߸ϵ£ִܲ˿Цɣ
УһλͻȻڣһ˾ᾹȻ
֣㿪ڣסְִͻȻһղ˵£𾴵˵
Աߣѩλòͨӣʦ֣ѵղ˵֮ˣǷ£
ǵ£¿ҪԪϣְλûͻһأ򣬾ܳΪԪϣ
ʮֽʦãԺ֮УȨԽִʵҲڶǿһλ

ѩϢûŷΧЦԺȻԻҪΪ£֮ϻԪϣӦôﵽΪǿ󣬵Σʵ𣿡
û뵽¶ˣ
ִһٻĽ׵ǿߣһգЩɫţƺʮ־·
ಡ
ϯ˾ˣ
ͻȻžԺĴͻȻƿ֮ǿƳ֣ѧӿʼѪȣִ
ս̨֮ϣϯ˾ͷռܣƴʢٶԺΪ֮һɶƣ
Ժ¿ʼ۷׷ףÿѧ۾գؿս̨ɫУڵȴһλ
Ҫúñ֣һ£
߸ϵ£˾ףȻ£Ĵѧӣûʡĵĸ˾˼ԣֶҶ֣κδ£ôһ涥졣
ڣ
ѧӣһ˭Ҳû뵽£˹Ȼػ̣ǲܵ˾ңȻֻ·һ˶ΪҶȵ˶ΪҶȽ·һɶȲˡ
·Ƴұ
Ȼ䣬˾ѧ̾Ϣ֮ʣһ֮δ֪嫵մ
һ־ϲĵСʦܣ
Ц񳯾񷡭
ɻ֮࣬Ҷȴһ٣ֱս̨֮У˫ָ󣬾Ըַ緶
ѧƺȾ·ƳұЦ񳯾񷣡
ҶȡҶȣ
ʥλλλλλѧӣһҶǴգУΪ֮ݣ⸱ǿ֮ÿѪڡ
ˡ
ϯ˾Ҷȣ޲̶֣ȥҶȴңƤѪĥأŽͷ֮ޡ
ս̨ķһλ߸߳Ųζսƽ˫Ըκ˲òִ֣һɷ£ʼ
Ҷȡɣ
ϯһ֣͵λո˵꣬ˣһȭҶȴһռ䣬ս̨챬ը֮ˮҶȳ
֮£ҶԵ̫С
Сʦܡ
ϯѸײڶ֮ƶҶȷһӨӨЩʦãʱľֹͣ
еѧӣҲסϯɶ׻£ս̨ռ䶼ڻӿҶ£˶ΪҶֻ·һᶼûС
ꡭ
ȻһѪ˶ĤѧŤؿս̨һۼĳ棬׷ҡͷ
λѧӣǾĶǣȻֻգ֮䡣
ˡ
һͷϯͷ£ս̨֮ϣ˵ײŹԶ۾һգ˵һ仰Ҷȡҡġ


353 նɱϯ˾
ģ
ͻȻϯŵͷ­ԣҶһһ㣬Ŀؿϯͷ­̧ţϯĿ̫ǳֱǸɣ
¿ҡ䡭ң
䡭
ϧ¡䣬ĺȣҲ޷־ҲûٶȣΪͷ­ҶһŸȳ࣬˲ըţϯͷ֮ҲȻ¡
羲ĵģţֻں䡢˵ͣ
ʯ֮䣬ѧӡ¶ûп壬ϯգ۾ͷժ£رҶնɱ
˿ʼղһֻ̣оϯҶϯȥҶȸûл֮ǣһգۣҶȾͲ֪ԺεͨϯߣϯûκηӦ
һ֣ͷ­Ӱ˼ҡ
ɶǿߣϯȻôһ䣬ͱһոսλѧӣɱˡ
ûɣûΰɣ
ѧǿʼһƣǲλһ̫ʵ޷֣һ̫죬̫ң̫˼顣
Сʦܣ
ӨӨͫһʪ̲סͻȻſ˫ۣסţաҲǿ޳ˣ׷ӿһ𰵰͡
졭ôԽ˽ƣǿִַӡս̨ȻԽ˽ƣѰǸȻȻ壬ͫȴ
ֻҶлȡʤûϵҶͨ˽ףȻɱɶ׵ͨ˵ʲôҶӵпɶ׵ʵڣҶھһɶǿߡ
ɾֻͨ˽ס
һֻҶţŻ޾ţԺʷ֮Уδйš
ǿֶΣɱϣ
ѩһĻӶݣһ𾪣û뵽ҶȻʵңһɶѧӣ˵ɱɱֶΣʵģҪ룬ԺһѧӣҪãѶپ
пп̡
ǬЩλѧӣӶð亹ǴսôţһƽﻹнĶʦ֣һոսλѧӣ˲ɱô򵥣ôͻƣȫҶȱ뺷ֶθסˡ
ڵʥءʥذЩʥλλλλѧӣʱɽХĺ
ҶȣҶȣҶȣ
ţţţ
ѧѾ޷𺳣ŲִʼʼʼӭŵĿУһż񣬾ţһ̵
⡭
ʥأһɽ֮ϣһȺӣһĻˣǻ䡢ɽˣǶɱҶȣЩҵӣõѰҶ䡣
ΪģǽҶնɱ
ڣǼ֤ɶѧӣƬ̾ͱҶѪնɱѸͣѪ䡢ɽЩľңûҶȣҲ³
УҶȾһɱ˲գ۵ı뺷ˣĸǣǿҿһۡ
çɽԺ
ɱúãɱù񫣬ҿûҶȲǴԺȥģһǿߣ˵ɱɱ
ǰĹ㳡Ժѧӣۼһۼ֤Ҷնɱϯ̣ʱ˿̣ÿ˶˵ߣҵԺնɱλǿߡ
ʮ˷ܣһȺԺ߲㣬ۼڹ㳡ǰʮǿҲͲס˷ܣѪȡ޲óȥΪҶȼʹ򾢡
Ժ£޷ţǰǸ߸ϣԾնɱλǿߵȻԺӣʹһ룬ͼƽź
Ӫ
֣ˣֵûɣҪۼ֤һﵮˣˮȻ
һ䣬ɱ˫֮ͫܿĵøҶȡٲ֣ٵȸǧ꣬Ϸ򶼲֣
£ȻܵΣ
˫ȭ߬úܽɭɭĺȵ˵ĲҶȵȷǸвǸв˱նɱ뾡취κδۣҲҪ
ڣѾҶȵһʿһǿء
ڣԺһƬС
Ƿ
ҶȲϯͷ֮ת˾壬ʱ˾壬ȫ¸ͣסƵģҶҡҡͷЦ˾壬³ҲһģһɣһλѧӣҪûԺ

˾ͻȻ˫Ѫ죬ת˾·ȥϱս̨Ӷ˫ضŽץȥ˾ȣүүүүңҲǸħɱ˲գ۰
ŪסˣɶףϯǸȻ˾׵ڷŭ˾һȳ⡣
ûãλѧӣ˵
ѧӣһĻȻЦеѧӣЦᶼЦˡ
ƽλѧǶǸ߸ϵպգһɶѧӣȻû򣬾ͱһոսλѧӣֱӸ˵ֱЦ˭˲Ц
һʱ䣬ЦŪ׷״ѧӿѿڶ
˾֮ǰôֱ׳˾Ȱ裬ŵöȣүүңˣǶħүүλ£䣬䣬䣬ңǶħ
ûõļһ֣侲
˾ʵڿȥվԼ£ңзôҶȨִ룬ֻһȴžźޡ
˾壬ղŲǺ㲻˾𣿡
Ҷֱ˫ָŲ죬Ц˾壬ХҶȣӴԺ˭ҲҾս˭ҪλϣԺ
ٿ
ԺкȻֹͣѧӿҶȣޱ𾴣Ҷޱȳݣ𾴡
ǿߣ˭ǵˣҲ𾴡
Ҷһ仰ǿļÿλѧӶһ룬Ҷǵλѧӵ棬ˣԺκβֱվ̨ҶȵǿҶֶΣ˾£η
˾Ȱ죬ȴ˾׳ֿ֣һ񣬾֪ʱ˭Ҳﲻתظ߾˫֣Ҷŭ𣺡ҶȡҺƴˣ
ãƣ˾壬İɣǰκˣֻгֻҶһץһʥǹˡ
ʲô
ðԵùϢȻңо˿˿ĲΪλ
һԱλòͨӣ¶һ˿ȣĿڹʥǹ֮ϣ޷ţǿߣȻһʶôжô졣
ˣ
ѩμҶʩչѪڤֹʥǹѪڤĽ֮ǰʥǿ󣬸ӿ͸
Ǳˣţֳ£
ʱص£ĿҲҶǵʥǹ֮ϣΪףеҲɼеĶ
Կ϶һ㣬Ҷʩչɼ
û뵽ҲҶȣ
Ȼƽص䣬ƣһһ㣬سһͶӰԱߡ
ͶӰʩ񣺡䣡
佭ƵһЦڲףҲ㣬ܳԾҲܹע
䣬Ժǰðһ죬Ȼҿ͸γͻȻðһҶȣǵ컹Ҫأ޷͸ţһҪúãԺо޴˵
Ȼ˵꣬˲һͲˣоӹֹһ㣬ǷӰ޺ۡ
Ǭ𣡣
˾ڻǳˣⲽѾûк·ܲܰװҶϣҪһ
һս̨֮гˣս̨һпռ䣬ҷ籩ѿռ÷飬ݺ
ɶôһԻһ½
ѧӼ˾˿ֲŵ麹ֱðս̨綼Ҫǣգ۾ͱɷĥʣ
ǿᡭ
ҶȷϽ۱ףȻ£ȻزƷһƷȻܵ˾Ӱ졣
ɶסȷǿΣܳ䲻նɱϯԸ˾壬Ҫʵɱ˾壬ʥǹɣ
ҶȿΧռ俪ʼΪȫҶȾͻᱻ֮һиͣ󱻷飬սʥǹӳ̫ʥ⣬ͻȻһ˾ݺ
𣡡
˾˫һϣ֮ʼγһǽڣҶȺȥҶѾ̳ɳĹʥǹ
䣡
Ҷֳֹʥǹһս񣬰һ˲飬ÿһ飬ս̨һζһ£˸оʱҪը
ΪʲôΪʲô
ҶȰԼȫ߽⣬˾һߣˣȫһҶԿȻ·磬ȫǶ֣룬Ҳδɶ׾Ȼһ׶֡
͡
ȻҶȹس˾󷽣ȫݿռ֮ϣֱӴ̳ʥǹ͸˾ͷ­


354 
ʥǹ֮ոκνƣκοռ䣬޷赲ΰո־ϯֱӴ̴˾ͷ­
ޡ
˾ͫһƬûκ⣬ɫʧȥֻ޾ڰϼ£ʵ³һ֣㲱һᣬû
Ҵϣӵ㳨ŵģҶһ𣬹ʥǹһΣʧ
¡
ŹʥǹҶջأ˾صˤս̨֮ϣս̨֮𶯣ͣ
ɶ񰡡ɶ񣡣
Ӫ˾˫ץסŭ죬ɱ֮ûִ´ڣƣҶɨȥ޲һƾͰҶ飬ܽ⿪ޡ
֪˾ԼǰΪ棬Ϊ£Ȼ֣ܲ飬ᣡ
ڷζը˫ֱܸͫоķڼڳЦԺλ֮Уһء
뵽Щ¶ڿЦ˾¼Ϊ˾ʬԦֱӴͨȥ
ҶȣҶȣҶȣ
һ˻Ȼ𣬴Ժÿѧӣ֤ҶԺʵֱǿնɱϯ˾ˡ
ոսλͬʱնɱλɶǿߣʵ˶ҶȲԺһţʮѧ֮У֮ӣͷǹ˵죬ΪԺʮѧš
վս̨֮ϣźĻҶȵһЦ˫ָ֮£ϯ˾ʬ塣
Ҷ̹ȻԡӭĿ⣬Ըַ緶û˿ʤϲ֮Уƽƽ˶о
Ҷϵһжء
ⳡ֮սִ֤̹ƽһλִһӣս̨ʧˣϯ˾ʬ˲䣬ܿ챻ߡ
ҶƯգִȥִܸܵǿߣ̬һδת䣬£Ҳһ
Ҵ䣬ҶȽһƷһڿżƷʯһɵһƶɵıӣҶȣܰɣ
һΰͶӰͻȻӪϿճ֣һλ۵ߣٵڸ֮ϣһ㣬֮ϣһļ֡
ݼ£
ͶӰˮ£ִִߡǬˣͶӰ𾴺ޱϡ
ס֮еǿߣ
Ҷȹ£ҶһǰʹִϢ֮Уÿ¶Ժмλ£Ҷȼ̡
ѧԺ£ֻΪͻĽףʸ룬ִ£֮УΪߣףᡢˮ˾ס
Ϊ۷壬е޵ǿߣҲ䣬һ̤ףΪԪϡ
Ժõ𾴣һ仰ִҪʵţÿһλ¶ҷ
ҶȺ⣬ϯ˾һսλϾͷ˳ң佭־
һƷһڿżƷʯһɵһűӡ
ȻԺѧӣ佱⣬ҿÿ˶Ӧˣ㿴ң
˼ΣЩ߲˼ҵõôôͻͨ׸£䡮ɵǿǱɾǿߣòײƶɵɵ
ҶڲŲԺ˼ȰѺôռˣʵ˵ֻҪʵκıƶƽ⡣
ûʵҲһ޳ɡ
ɵ
һλλλѧŵôģĽѣ֪ɵǿϱõһöΪĪңΪԽߵɾǿߣƳɵԽǿ
űӣǿǱɵøıƶɣȻҶǱ俴صǱ߲ҪصĶ󣡡
£ֱӸ˾£ҪҶ鷳Ϊ˾屨𣡡
ѧӣ˽˽
ٿ
һö䣬ӷǷգʥƣҶȻ˲䣬֪жλѧӣõɷˣҪ¡ִеλѧӣѾᡣ
˵˵ֱӴĽҲҸ档
л£л䣬ҶһṼԺṼһƬ⣬Ҷȱ֤֮ڣһ񣬻رԺ
ȡס䣬ҶȻ̧ͷλ£Ų죬Ҷ˵
ãһƬϣ˲ʧ
øҶȡŰɣԲٳɳȥ
ڨڨ˵£׷׼Ԧ뿪Ƭʱգ֮С
գ
λִƬգһӡЩʧƣһһִ֣ȫɲǼ䣬ִʧѧС
ʦܣڵ㣡
ӨӨˣ˲ѣҶȵͷ˵ȻԦռ֮С
ϲ
ţִִߣʼǰҶȽãء
¼˶ˣٻɣҶ䣬ѧԺ߲㿴صӣɾͷǳǰֺҶȣҶţ꣬ͻΪǰʱЩִ߾ܻòٷ㡣
ҶһһʩȻ˴ӵִҶһλִߴڵʱλҶȶҲִ֪֣뿪źȻϣҶʩλ£ԺеǰΪѧӣҾһ
һλķǱŸΣҪѧִУֻܶλѧӲɣмȼ񣬸߼ͨλѧӣҪɼ񣬶ף߼ֻж׵Ľλѧӣʵȥɣ
߼ʮֻҪʮͿֱӽ£ִִߣ񲻵ʮֱΪ£ִһλִ˵
λʵԺߵȵĻҪڣһͿΪ£Ҷȣţʵɶף˵㻹ֶΣԸףôҪȡ񣬻Ǹ߼񣬻񣡡
Ҷ붼û룬ֱѡ񣺡Ϊ˻ر䣬Ըȡ񣡡
ûи㣬ǾһһѡҪôҪô·һΣأвԤ֪ΣУ˵䲻ģҵȻǰȥҲһ񣡡
мλ£ĿҶϣȻһЩ޵дˣ˵Ҳ񣡡
λҲңҲ˵ҶȵЩкøУûκҲûκιƻ
ãȻѡãҾ͸һ񣡡
мλ»һץһɷּУһּգڰչ꣬ƬرĿָԺѾ취䲻ѧӣҵ׽̷̳һֻҪ̳ܵʣЩ׽̽ͽǻ֮ɳѧӽдɨҲӦϣ׽̷̳
ðɣ񣡡ҶҲѡ׽̣˵Ƚ׽ܣ϶ˣֱȽϷ㡣
ѶȣҶȴλûƭ׽жǿҶȱ˭ЩʹߣĽףǰҲδܻŻ
һУӦϣȷǽ׽̷̳ð취ڲ֪£óȻɨ϶Դʧء
׽̰׽̣û뵽ôǽ֣棬֪ܲ㣬֪ΪҪѪ
ҶеЦ
һɣǸ£û˻ᷴԣֶΣô㣬һһ򲽣ǲܻŻҲнλѷּ׸Ҷȡ
ƨ
ΪҲ֪ѧԺôģ¶޷ɵλѧȥðգԺ᲻˷һλ£һλ£Ժʧ̫أֻЩλѧȥðգһѣ
պ÷ּҶȳλʩ֮󣬱뿪˷䡣
ǸǸţϣֻҪܳס飬ɾͷǷ
λ˴


355 ̤ͨ

߲й֮УʦӨӨաںԺڼ˵Ҷնɱǿ߾
λʦ㣬ʦˣ
λʦʵһֱȴҶȻԭȻΪᣬһƺʮŮС
ҶϢȻ׼λʦĹһᣬԳȥ
ӦΪ˾ףϾ˾֮Уеλնɱ˾壬Ȼ˾ףͬʱҲ˼⡭Ժ󣬵鷳Ϊе˾ŭ𣡡
˾״ˣԺţ޷֣ҪܰȥͿ԰׺ɱ׽
һߣһϸϸš
սϯ˾壬ҶҲ룬ʵһ£˾ײҪԸԼҪᣬԺ϶ᴦѣûӡ
նɱ˾뷨ҶȻǸˣϾһ£һҶȿԼʵɱ˾ףֻ칭ɱҲһۣڶ˾£һλ䣬Ժ϶ϸ飬һ¶ţҶȵ£˾Ҫˡ
ҶȲò˼ˣϾͬһ֣ҪصģҶȲѪ֮ˣΪԼʧѡ
ܿ죬ҶȾ֮⣬ܸо棬Ȼûκξٶȴء
ǰ
ΣҶȿʼӣ̤żʩ
ҶȺɫ㻹еӻγͷˣƵɱϯ˾壬ǵ˲ˣ
Ҳò룬˾СǼҲֱǰŭʼգ»ǻȼ
Ҷһ£һ󣬵ǢһЩſ˵
Ĭһ󣬺ȻüһҶʵˣҸоƺҲЩܸоЩףҶȣĪҲɣ
ǰ
ͻȻҶȿʮӣҵ£ܲ˼㣬ڡ
ǲˮڣ㿴Ժ˭֪ҵӣڵ˾ףаѵ𣿡ȭһģһˣֱڴ֮зڣס
ȷѾ˽
ҶЩ룬飬һܽŴܣ˼һҶĿ᣺֪ǰһ죬Ժ𣿡
ʲôԭ򣡡侲оҶȵȷлҪ
㣬Ժ治ܶ˵кܶ鷳Σգ뿪Ժ뻹֪𣿡Ҷ˵꣬ڴؿᡣ
˵ɣԼд㣬Ӱ쵽ңκ鶼пܣѡȥ
ǰңΪҵ˵죬ǰҲ֪ʲôݴ½Ͳ˳ޣԶɱңѣԺҾ֪뾡취ҲΪõ첻ܹȻû취Ҿ뵽ԺԺɷҲܶҳ֣ͬų֣Ǵִϣ컹δﵽλȻ޷Կִ
ȻƲߺɹԺõ첻ôˣ޷ҳ֣Ϊ˳ױΣҾԺ½ʢϴͷ취ʥأǰ£ҽĵ
ʮ꣬˵Ҫһʱ䣬ǽǰʮѾҳ֣ʵɲ⣬Ҵһ򵥣ܶȡǣһҪôӵʵҪһΪɸ߽׾ͷΪ
һ̹棬˵Ҷ¶٩ЦݣԣҪɱңҲǷַӵ£ҽǰ¿ɽõ쳹״ͷڵһ֪ҵϢطζը˰ɣ
ԭˡ
һⷬо֣û뵽Ҷ˼ıԶǣ룬ȻȻ򣺡ǵʦҪɱ㣬ô
ǰһģһ֣϶칵ͨ취ҪԸңԣǰѾ˽㼴˾סЩ
ؼһ㣬ԼȥŻҿó䣬Եп֤һ㣬ˣ϶Ұģ˵Ҫȡ֮նɱ䣬ȡԺ
Ϊ䣬ȻҲע⵽㣬ûյ죬ҲûажԸ졭䲻Ը죬䣬ҲûаնԸ죬ҿóԸңԸ죡
һҶȰ龫˵һ˵Ҫ㡣
˵˵ѾվһϣѾʼԺ
޵ϣִ㵱顣
ʲôˣԺλȨص£ʦӹɣ϶찵ôԺȷҪ¼
һҲ޷
ǰҲϵһϵֻǷûаڳ̨ѣϣǰ֪Щ£ǰ㣬ңһҪǰǰһ䣬ûе죬ԺҲҪڲ֮ģ
˵仰ҶȻվתĮȻ뿪˴һھ
뿪߲йҶһŻصԼй֮С
ಡ
֮УӶ䣬ͿʼӿԪХҶȳͷ̫¯ʼ̫
Σɵͻͨװɣ
ھ֮УԪ֮Ҷȱʹﵽͨһ۷оٴαͻƶףߡ
ɵҪʧ
ץһöĿѩɫҩ͸ͬʯƵģ˸˹󣬴ӵҩ֮УҶȸܵɸ߽֮
ɵɾ߽ǿߣƳɵһͻףƣ־ʸ
һɵֱӿλѧһ飬ڴһηëϴ裬ɱ߼״̬
ɾǿ߾ЧҶɶףһŵҩ壬ҶȾ硢ʵߵֵزпܣֱӴͨһףֱͻƵסףĽף붼¡
һ㣬Ҷ̫ǿѾﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣɾסĽףɵҩЧж
͡
ҶȹϵذɵһɲǣҶȾ͸оӿͷٻѨŰģһɸ߼ʼ߶顣
ž
ͷŵףըһ翪ʼαըȻʹ࣬ΪҶ飬ҩ
ҩ֮߶ҶըÿըһΣҩ֮;޲ʼҶȸоҪ֮ߡ
ûᣬͻͨף
˫չͷһɾ޴¯˲סǰǰ㻺ǳѸͣͬһ

¯ʼըգۼ䣬Ҷȴ߶ʹͨһף̤ͨףͻ֮ʱоɵдûڻţʼͻͨס
ͻͨףҶûж仯˴ֱû¯ٴȼգ͡
¯ȼţҶҲŻһ㣬ʼȼգҶȷڱըʼƽϢɵ󲿷ֿʼӿ֮Уʼɱ䣬ϾѪҲʼڡ

ͻȻҶȵﴫһըԭǵ͵ɢ籬ըһɵҲȫգعĸ壬뺣
ͨסƣ
ڣһ̣Ҷץס϶ΪһȻվһȭĻ¯Ȼ飬ƬΪҶ⣬һЩѪҶ˳
ţʮپȻһС
ֲõᱬըҶڷԭʮپȻѿ״ֱ̬ӽһһ߳С¶ȻڵƯš
һɵҶͻͨףʮڴӱϿʼͻ䣬ΪһС
ʮǿһѱ䣬ӵо仯ҶΪûȥֻ֡̽ܵͻ˾磬ȥء
ͻͨףҶָֻȻڵҶȣȥֶһݲأһ־һǿߣ
Ҷȼֽ٣׺ɣƮ죬ź̫һ춯أҶȴЦĿǰʵԿףӦò⡭
Գȥ񣬲֮ǰǼĪȻѾɹ׽̣ΪǱԺһ׽ӣ
ĪȻ֣Ȼܵõ׽̿أܷչΪ׽̰취ݻԺҪĪȻṩΪ׽̣øߵλ
һͰѾԪ븹УȻ۱׻ûѰۣһҶȾ뿪
Ȼ֪ȥִỹϸϸҶһ


356 ĪȻ
ִڵռ䣬λȨɭɭػӭһΰͶӰһλԶŶӢ˳䣬ơ
λţޱ𾴺䣡
ҶѾȡһ񣿡佭ƣ˫ָһϵĵ죬˫ƺ쳾˫ͫ΢΢Ϊ֮ݡ
һ̣λʱоѹȶĿУֱϵˡ
ɳϸò׷ּ׽̷̳Ҷ񣬾Ǳ̳ڲеٷ̳Ȼ󷢳źţӦɨ򣬳׶׽̷̳ϾɱЩ׽̷̳Ҳ֪ģһλ
֪Ҳ֪ǻΣ񽻸ҶȡˣȻѾȡ񣬾ȥɣΣҲһο飬񣬲ŲѧԺһ࣬ŵˣ
һֱ˵λ˿δ룬ԥƵֻҪ񣬾£
ȷʵĲҲģҶǸˣ֪׽̷̳ǶôΣգȻܴӦҲǳŸ¶ƽͶԺѧְɣ
˵仰һ֣Ӷ䣬˾̤һʱ֮Уŷһֿƣָơ
λΣ˵ĲɣȷʵǺܿҶȵģҺҴñȽϵõҪԸг룬ҿҪӻλλλһңҲٻһ㣬ǾǽȷʵҶȡ
һ㣬ӹɡ
ִԺ˵ʥׯϣλȨأλѧһֱŻ֮λ
ͨԪǡ
ͨԪȻҲԺƮС࣬ȼƮǻҪЩһֱԺԺ˹ǿԺ
ڹԺ޷Ժȡ
ͨԪ⣬һɫ쵵ľϵͨԪǱʵʵʯ濴ȥ޷ڣܸоһ˫˫ͫھ֮УһֱͨԪΧ
ȻȥͨԪһ鱦ʯǶȺ֮У˸ǹ⡣
ϵ֮Уɸ߽־ͨԪǽߣһλΪﵽɾԶǿߡƮһ̣Ҫ볹״ݻԺûɾ۷ʵܣ
ôǧͼͼҶһʯ֮ϣ֮Ӱ죬ĿͨԪǾϵϣǾϵ֮У͸һɹɾ߽־ԿϵõԺǿ߲ϼӳ֣ļ̡
ҶȾȴţͷ֪ͨĪȻͬʱҶȿʼƬֹˮʵȴǰӿϡ
ܿ죬ͨԪǴ֮ͨУһӰͨԱһͶȥվ֮ˣĪȻ

ҶͻȻӶ˫֣սһ㣬ͷֱ֮ӳͨץȥĪȻ͵ȺţӥץСһ˲ץ˳ţ֮ٳҶⷽʯ
ĪȻǰ˼˳׽̣
ûĪȻʯ֮ϣҶȾȲʼʵ
ˣĪȻʮ𣬹Ȼõ׽ʹע⣬̽ңȻҲǺüίߣܴ׽̹ǣУҲ֪׽ԺѧΪʹߣǱԺԷ֣ңҲֻ֪Ժһ֣ģڻûգϾѧӶλҲͨ쾳߽ף
ĪȻ֮ʾ淢Լվʯ֮ϣķǿյ򣬻عŻشҶһʻ
ι㣬ĿģһΪʵģ׽̣ԺλߣڶҪȥ׽һ̳׽̻ңҿ׻УҶȿżɽ
׽̷̳ˣɲף֪׽̷̳ʵǿӵвλǿߣ̳ʹĽ֪ʵҲ뻢ѨĪȻϹĵؿҶȣ˵֮䣬ʮ㡣
Ҳϵˡ
棬ĽΪ˵һλ̳ΪҶۼʶģĪ̾
ʮΣգǰҲȥ޻أǿߣΪߣһõǧ־˼ӳ֮У˵ظػ
˵֣Ҳëս
ĪȻˣ׽̣Ҳ֪˵Ƿ׽̹ȻʵǿԺһλ£Ϊʹߣȥ׽̴Ժڲ߽Ժң׽Ѿٷ̳˼Ҫչж
õģҲֻգΣգԾԺ׽̣Ѿ̫ȥ
ңĿǰʵ£Ҳа취նɱİɣҸ㶥ţĸɣ㿴ҾǸƵΪඥëϴģ
һץǿűӳ֣˸ʥѪŵջ֮Уŷһӫ⣬Ȼ΢ȴĿ
һ̣ĪȻ֪̺ȵĵ⡭ˣ̺ɸ߽׵־䡭ˣ㲻ֱҰɣ
㣬Ҳ㣬ҾΪඥǲͨףʵ̫űӣרŸɾλѧõģڻʵ϶ᱩԱߣΪͨأͻƣڻʼɣ
ҶֱһĪȻ˾ͱʥ֮УĪȻȻҶǰ޷֮ʲôĪȻҲһλλѧӣʵ
ڸоԼСҶץȥģҶǿͨѾȫĪȻ
Ҫ壬䣬ɰ˽Ƶôһţӵпɾڰأֱͻɾ
һűӣҶȳʵҶҪɰ
һʿܰɾɾѾ漣ɾܰɾͨ쾳ͺˣɾҪͨ쾳ֱΪɾͺѣǲܣɰ˽޵Ϊ
ɾ
ʥĪȻէȻʱѪڣȻӿ̲ס˷ܣ־ϲ
ĪȻȻţԺиţλѧ֮УŸһƬĪȻʵ̶֥㲻ϣֻͻɾܳΪϵţԺ߲㡣
ĪȻҪͻɾҲҪ꣬ɾ˵ֻһңԶλã񣬾Ҫγ棬ĪȻ붼ûܵ顣

ӱҶһĪȻţʱ֮䣬ɰ˽ƵͬһλܣĪȻඥһ㣬ΰʼ
ͻҵĹ䣬ĪȻŷ̤ãŵ̿ʼͷʼñӳͨס
ƣ
һɹǿ̫Ҷ˫̫ʼĪȻ󱳣ҵĴ
䡭
ÿһĴ򣬾ͷĪȻʹޱȣʹ֮󣬾ͷƿһǿ飬ɱ䣬ڷӣȥͻɾ롣
ž
ҶһδĴĪȻھͷըըֱʯһңĪȻҶȣҶǿ󣬶ĪȻȻţںɳʿ֮У㲻ʲôһ߷ˣȻ˾ҷӦ
뱱ӼҶǶôɾʿҲ׳ܡڻοĪȻͨס
߽ͨסƣ
գۼ䣬ĪȻһȭѸͼȭٴαըδϣһɹ濪ʼʵֱӱǣ߽ͨס
ӣڻ֮һ
ҶػһԣĪȻһ
ĪȻûбԣձ񣬿ҶںϣĪȻͻȻǰ㣬ԭǱҶһںϣȻʹ࣬ĪȻֱ߽ͨƿأ̤ͨ˽ס
Ҫ˿϶ɷޱȣʲôʱͻƾ磬ˣҪԼǸöˣôҸóУ̶̼ͻƼ磬ÿʿ
ͨŽס
ͻͨ˽ףĪȻокܰ磬޷ܣоҶֱȱӻҪΰס
ĪȻɣͷȫձҶٴںϣγɺˮһĪȻڷÿһγĪȻʵӡ
Ҷ糤һ㣬ĪȻηҶȶһ䣺ϾͻͨŽףסǧֹͷ٣һȥͻƾŽ׾ˣ
Ǭһ
ĪȻͻȻȫȻͣ٣һкĪȻͻȻ˫ĳżĴ
䡭
һĿ֮Ǵë͸ĪȻҲһ𾪣ȻͻͨŽס
ͨʮףǡɾ


357 ·
ҵҪûбӣҲ޷ĪȻͨ쾳ֱͻƵɾ
֮ͦУҶȿǰΧĪȻϵںϱӣͻͨʮףҶд
佭ƵУ̺֮֮־ȵȣλѧںϣҲڲͻƾ磬οֻͨ쾳
ؼ̺־֮ԭЩĪȻȱٵģĪȻֻͻͨʮףŻЩһ̤ɣĪȻȱٵĶڱʲôУȱһɴ߶
Ҷȣǡþɴ߶ߡ
ѱĪȻںϣ߶ͻƣҶȰݵĽɫҶҪģûҶȣĪȻõӣҲ޷ȫҲֻͻƵͨ˽ףɾԲܡ
һˣ䵱߶ߣҲףΪñĪȻںϡ
ͨʮͻƣҪǿĪȻ׼ʼɣ
һṦҶ˫һģĪȻʹں֮ΪͻͨʮףĪȻ׼֡
ܵҶ־ĪȻϿʼ߶ԵͷţԲؿ꣬ޣﵽ״̬
ȼհɣ
һָܴĪȻΧȼţˮֿʼĪȻһϸʼұըתѪȼգˣһ״̬
ͨʮףͨ쾳Բ״̬ҪﵽһңǱҲһ˿ϣظ򲻵޷״̬֮УԲͨʮס
ˣߺһͨ쾳״̬
ͨʮףƵ
ĪȻȻ˫һϣеȻȫ߹һѿ
͡
һ˲䣬𣬴ĪȻë֮мˣһˣȼգңҲȼգѪҺͬڷڣǳȼΪҽȴڱҶ£ʼ
ˣͻͨʮףĪȻ˵ۿ΢΢ʪû뵽һ̤ͨʮס
ҶҲΪˣԼָĪȻԿ֮Ҷɫһ䣬˵¾ɣɾؿţúøñ־ĹؼǿҲգɵĹؼ
飡
ɾ֣ĪȻоԼξһ㣬ʵǱҶĪȻһжģҪΪ˶־µĴ٣١
٣ɴ٣ʿһǿĵһ٣ɹ٣ܳɾͰɣɾͲࡣ
ĪȻʼձӻд㹻ĪȻͻá
ʱ˿̣ĪȻҶ˵ȫڶԱе־ϣ־佭Ƶ龭飬Ҳ־һգܿ飬ͻɾͲ¡
޷飬ǿҲ޷ͻƣˣֱӰʿΪɣھϣˡ˶޷򿿸ˣ޷ɣ޷ס
ĪȻֹˮκ˶ףɰڴһ٣ȫԼϣڸҶҲ޷
ĪȻʣձ֮е־Ӧò¡׼ƽٰɣ
Ҷһ࣬ʼʩչͨ۷ӡʱ׼Ը٣ɴ٣ɲͨٻɴ٣ɴԴݻһ̫ˣҶҲҪԡ
βϧΪĪȻඥͻƣõһס֣ڰƲӦϣԸ׽̡
ĪȻ粻ߣһԺиߵλҲᱻ׽ԽصӶ׽ڲ
ĪȻӣõĺãջ񣬾ҶóӣҲֵõġ
һжǰ٣Ǿȫʧȥ壬ҲҶȰװ˷ıӣӣûȥգôʵṩֻ̫һ
ҶȰһжĪȻϣúΪһż롢޴ڵķ档
߳߳
ͻȻϷ˽ƣӿ󣬴ƽ٣ǡ
ãĪȻȻ־ڣʮɴ٣
ҶͻȻۣմ٣ĪȻѾؼҳɹӭ١
ĪȻ㲻Ҫ٣ֱӰٺ飬ɹɽ٣
ϸϸһ룬Ժɴٺεܣȥ϶ᱻǿ߷֣һٴ˵أҶȣôĪȻȻҲ¶ͷһУװ׸֮
֮УЩɾͷҲø෨ͨ˴ϾǿߣѾƿһռ
õģˣ
ĪȻ֪жôֲãã֮УҶʩչǧͼƬ̾ͻᱻ֮Ĩɱôȥɽ٣ȥֻܰҶ˼ȥ졣
ҶȲֻ·һ
е٣̺ϹŴɵ־
컯ȭһʽ
ҶͻȻ߸߷ˣˣ֮ϣŷվ̩λľͷĪȻҲҶںη
ֻһʥ⣬ڻûγɵ֮Уʼˣʥ⣬ȻڰǿգݵĹ
컯ȭҽͨףҲߣһУ״٣ףҲܲסһȭ
һž޴ʥǰҶȻջȭ컯ȭ֮б٣˲䱻йϴ־һʥٻ٣ҶҲܵǴϹŴ־
ã־Ͽңͻ٣ӦҲҺùҶԼͨ쾳龰зּϹŴ־١
ĪȻ죬ɾλ̤ɾ
ĪȻվû٣纣һ֮лЩʼʼջʿɽҪջ
ֺôԱ
ղϸ룬һΪԺ֮ǱҲܵ׽ʹѹơ
ҶͻȻĪȻǰüȻ˾ҪﵽףǱԺ׽ʹߣ취ƻ뿪ͨԪǣ潫ɱͨԼŬȡλãΪԺ׽нͽʹߣ𣿡
ˣֻҪܰλʹնɱҾܴȡλã£׽ܴ̿׽ʹ߶Ҳʮֲ£һλ£׽˵һʴƸ
ֻҪһҾͳûλ䶯Ժͬʱóô׽ʹߴùϵΪ̴ӣԸ䵱ڻңҿίߣΪ԰׽ʹ
ЩУһ˶λãҲ취ɱλãǻֵң˷ģ
Ҷȵ棬ĪȻƻͷβﵽ⣬˵ϸϸһҲһ۾ܿƻʼ
ã
ҶȹȻûĪȻԼһ㣬Ҷ޵üƻھȥƻλ£͸ԺҪƻ׽һ̳һǿգͻȻʤϾĽ׾ͷô׶Ըģ
ȥĪȻӦҶһ֣һռ̴ͨԪǾϵ
ȻɽľϵҶͨ£Ƭ̾ͺ׽ͨĪȻϢͽȥ֪


358 ׽ʹߣ
ҪΪĪȻ·Ϊ׽Ժʹߣɲһ飬ҶҪԸˣǿ¡
£εΰǿ
һλλ£̩λ棬Ƕǻʵ۰߸ϵͨΪȫĽ֮䣬٣κ˶ҪλȨأʵ죬һȭȥҲҪٸ롣
׽ֶ̻ΣȻץסһλ£ΪʹߣԺһöӣһǽǶԺش
׽ҶȵһŴУԸҲҪͬӦϻݿ׽̣սҶȽҪԵΰˣһλˣҶȵ£ŭ٣̫˲߽⡣
ҶҪ׽ָƣҪԷĪȻ׽һ·߸ͽΪҪ߲Ժ벻İ
£
һ룬Ӿͷ飬뵽ǿս̫ǿҶȻаٷְٰգȴҲ֪ۼΪء
ˡնɱλ¡Ҫܴлȡ޴棬ȫ
Ȼһͷġ
һλ£׽ʹߣԺУҶȰѴ˳ɹնɱȥԺȡͣⲻȫͷ£

뵽ҶȾ̲סһ־ϲΣأȴܻþ޴ô
ãô죬ĽףǿǱɵӻҪԱ˵ʲôȷʵ;նɱ˴ˣȫٽԺܻȡһöɵǸҲ
˫ȭһ¶ģزҪնɱ£ĪȻлȡҪְܻĽԺȡ޴棬һ
λȥˣ
ֻҪһ뵽ܵõôôҶȾͲ˿ԥ¶ģĥżĴսʱ׼š
ͨԪǣԺΪʥ²ĵ
ĪȻʦܣҪȡǵҩ
һƯյɽ֮УһߵĹɽۣ֮̾һ϶ŷɽ֮۵̶ɣһźʯĶڣλӣҪ붴ĪȻ
鷳λʦָ֪£ĪȻȻָеģ㡭ҩĪȻ˿ޱȡ
СҲãЩ꣬¿أָ㣬ʦЩӣҲģúػɣΪͨһλλѧӣܵ˵һȥ
ĪȻ˳ֵץһö䣺ĪȻ˷ȥõĲʯϣλʦֲҪ٣
ûзԣȥɣλλӣһץס䣬ЦЦͷĪȻ붴
ĪȻȻǸţҲǸʦҲᾭҲÿζúô
λѧӣڨڨЦ
붴̾һǿƣѾ޴󶴸˵ĪȻǶЩλѧӣûʿɣҲ޷ڣ£Ҳ׶ͨƣ쳣ǿ
ĪȻƺڽᳵ·һĻ棬津ƣû˿룬ĪȻЦ£󲽽붴֮С
ɽһ
þ˲Ϣ֮䣬ĪȻͳһƬԷӡĿռ䣬һƬɫռ䣬ռ֮ϣǶŲɫ棬ڻ֮УƯһһַûеıʯɵ
֮ϣһλƮߣ϶Ϊһȡ֮еĺɫ棬֮С
ĪȻؿռ䣬̸ߣǫ飬ޱȵŷɫ档
޵У׽𣡡
֮ϣλߣԺ߸ϵ£תۣȻڳͽ֣սþ춯صϹŶ졣
ȻǸԹ䣬ֻԺĴۣһۣǶźɫưĻ棬װ׽һģһ죬׽ǱԺӡ
Ҷȿ֪ж㵡
źɫƻ׸һƺܴ֮Уܵǿһ㣬о̹ȻĪȻ
ĪȻ˿ҵã˫𣬶칧ߺĪɣݼʹߣ
ĪȻһεĳգŸոչȥΪʹɭɭʵǸصƣ֮дһ˿аԹ
ĪȻʹߴˣĪȻγȥִһȴżȻ֣ԺѾ׽һ̳Ҫֹ֯ȥ뵷ٷ̳ĪȻ֪أ̳ڸѾףҪǱ٣񲻿ϧش˸ϻʹߣ
̳
ɫһ֪Ӧпܣ˼̳ɽܣطܽңҲ޷֪̳ںηɽܣֻһʹ߲֪
һֱû˵ͳ˼⵹ȵĪȻֱð亹˫ڰвġ
̳Ǵ£Ժշ̳䣬϶뾡취٣з̳ӣɱһһ̳ʧأҳƻԺƻӶȷ̳Ǵһ
뵽˫üһͫЩЦݣ´󹦣Ժɽ̶ȡ½磬ҵĵλҲҡֱϣңȷ̳ʹ߿϶ٴ֮ͻףҲ£
ͻףҾܳΪԪϣһɽ̻ӿңҵ϶λ
ڣ¶˾ģҲû˿⣬ʵĪȻǰ֪ɽз̳𣿡
֪ĪȻֻ֪ʹߴˣԺͽĪȻʵشϣĪȻûκ
һ£־ͷҲûʸ֪׽̸߲ܣĪȻֻ췢չһͽѣкεȺ֪߲Ҫ¡
֪ԺҪԸ̳Ϣģڵһ⣬Ҳû˿ɣΪ֪ԭ
ĪȻһƺץסʲô̻ش𣺡ǰĪȻȥȡ䣬һλ߼ѧӣһƧ֮ɧ˵ʲôԺɲɵʲôٷ̳ʲôа̣֮Ļһ֪¹ɽ̣ϧȥ˭ִ֪ӣΪ˲ݾߣҲС뿪Ȼһ·ɳۣʹߴ
ԭˡ
ĪȻһɫ粻΢΢֮ϣзɽ̷̳϶ǿأкܶӣǰȥҲռˣ⵹ԺһЩ⣬λӵڻҡ
ĪȻȴûƭʹ˭ҲԸ⵱ڻңЩλѧӲҵԹִӣֻ˽йԹ벻
Ȼ̧ͷĪȻ֪ص㣿
ȷĪȻһ˿ɻֲȷìܵıش
ãھʹʹǰȥһģʹһ㣬ټϷҲһߣ
Ҳ޷Ȼȷģô̳ʱΣգһֻᣬôʹʧҪ֪׽жֻҪȡһ㣬Ϊ߽
˫ִһӡڰռӰʧɫҲˣ˳һͨķ֮ڣ𺳵ĪȻ̷䣬֮УٻλµӣȻĪȻ֮ͨУʧ
졭׽££Ȼ졭
ͨԪ֮Ҷһʯ֮ϣȻյĪȻϢһʱ֪Ѿɹƻ£һͬлϣҶһʱסˣһ㵡
ԩ·խ˲ͷ
ҶôҲ뵽ôɣԺҶȳĪȻϤһŲ֪ǿߣҲֻŹ֣ĪȻ֮⣬Ǿ죬ڳͽҶĪȻȥȡۼ֤һս
ȣĪȻҲûǰҶȣ׽ʹ߾죬Ҷȴ⣬Ҳãİ˻֣ȻˣҲд˽⣬ˣͻȻֳɹʸߡ
ţԣϢôӵ󣿡
һϸӦҶ˲סˣǿҵظܵϢȻԶԶԽ˽⣬һս컹Ľף̶̶ʮ꣬ȻĽƿһԾΪϾͷ
ףĽף֮
졭ڳͽһսǰٷְսܣұշչΪ׽̽ͽӶҲλ߽룬ôĽͻƵס
Ȼ֮䣬ҶͷβϸϵѴпߣ϶շ죬׽ΰͨס
ס
Ȼѿ޷ջءɣʲôΣҾҪƺŴ棬񻰣ͨףնɱףʷ
ҶȻס¾˫ȭɽ߬šһƴ


359 
ͨԪǲ羧ϵ֮УȻһ̫ž޳ŤŤشӾϵչһ޾ǿջһߣڣĪȻ¶֡
ˡ
ĪȻţҪξɱ죬ɱĿ£ĪȻһո̤λѧӣ´ܰĨɱ
޵һѹֱѹ٣λβ־ǿ޷
ĪȻĴѰҶȣôҲ޷ҶټоҶƺΧֹԮǿڵĸоòѾʼˮ
ĪȻ´󹦣ʹһܰԣԺҪģҲ֪׽жȻԺѾʼֹ׽̣ȴǱˮн۵ˣ
һ·ȻĪȻα֣ǳ⣬˿ϢϾԣĪȻһССѧӣд˷֣ȷУĪȻ̫С£ĪȻǰˣǾҲɱġ
ٽƻǰҲҪԸͷɾһϵˡ
Ҫ뿪룬ԺٳֶԸ졭죬·һڣҪɱ㣬ҲҪһ󷬹򣬵֮УСץɱ
֮ϣǸ߸֮УһӰԦһʯ֮ϣٴǿ֮С
ӰҶȣһ·β˶ѾɱȵֶΣǾôǧͼնǧͼڣѹ
׸֣ڿռԶԶԽһססףҲ֮УݷУ׸ֱֱӺɷУһЩ취ֱȥɡ
ǧͼ׿ռκλ桢ǿգռ䣬Ҫܵǧͼƣб£Ҳӳȥ
ȻǧͼģԸɾѾ㹻ԸˣЩء
һԦʯǿգҶһ濪ʼǧͼʩչӡʼһ׿ռ󷨣Ҫ˲֮Уѹ
ĪȻһſ٣𽥳򿿽ҶĿĵأҲ֮ڣһŹ֮УҶĪȻΧȻ֡
ҶȻ˵׽̷̳ģܳȥɣ֪ܶԿĽףնɱ̩λ涼Ҫ䶯ʱͷָҶȣɲ˾֪衣
һʱ䣬ĪȻҶȸ·ߣڴҪ뿪򣬶ǰһƬڰ򣬾̣ڴһƬļзﴦз죬ܵشÿһ򣬶ӵжҲɾǿ
ʹߴˣɹƬǰĿĵأ¾޷壡ĪȻһŷܵʲô̹˵
ֻҪȷһ򣬱ʹҵ˫ͫ
ִһ٣ȻŴûֹͣ򾧱ϵڼз
и
ͻȻһΰӰ٣վڴ֮ϣ˫͵һ֣һǿȻβ˰졢ĪȻи
ݡ
ոձи룬Ǽʷ籩֮졢ĪȻѣĪȻûӦͱһֻץ˳ȥи֮Уֻʣλ޵оͷ
ô£
ͻ仯͵𾪵ؿڵѽڣĵƮ򣬶ĪȻҲ첻ˣٿȻʲôˣмˡĪȻʹһҪǧУ
죬ѱɱˣΣӺҶ
Ȼмˡȥع鴫ȻƯȥعһ޼
ͻȻֱ˫ֶ͵һ֣һǿֱӰס˱ǿסȻһڵವһѸĿǱնϵ
͡
ǿٶȣԦȥӶɳ֮УʱΰʼĦѹ͵⣬ųͨβͣٷȥ
֮ǿᴩѾͨ죬ɼûѶѹɽϢԽ
죬ҷô󾢣ƻΪ㻹صȥ𣿡
ͻȻһƮӰͻأ٣ֱ죬ͻأ٣ŵֱ£𾪣˾Ȼ֮ȥ磬ȴ˵еˣһĪ־塣
ɣ
Ҷ˫ִһӡȻĦֱǼʷ籩ָʶΣı䷽죬͵һ㡣
ಡ
֮ǰ;ֵط֣Χ򣬷ŷһ³۶Ƶģһ¸˸У˾ʧ֮УƬ򣬽һƬʥ⣬ͬعΡ

ʥ֮УһƬȻգ죬ط֣ɺûѹ֮һģһ
һת֪ʩչͨǿ϶ǳģڵһʱ䣬ǳƬռ䣬һԶ·ƿռ޵ҲֻܸɵۣӤһûз֮
䡭
һԦǿⷬոճֳͰƬú죬Ҫѿռ飬ûһ棬ǣոշɳףͱһɾϵأҲǱ顣
ɶ񡭡ôʲôռ䣬˼̣ҾͲţҿǿߣ򾧱ϵҲԴ飬һƬռѣ
֣
ȻʩչԺǿԪϷӡʩչһ˫֣ռ͵һץ
һ˫֣о޵ˣٺɽǺӣ߳һ㣬ƴҪѿռһץ
ʩչ칥ҲΪ⣬ϾԪ̩λ涥֮һκǿľ컹ţȾռ䶼޷ƿ
䡭
ֻ֣ڣҪצռ䣬ͽȻ෴ǿץڿռ֮ϣץ˼Ӳʯ֮ϣմһ䱬ըһȫѣΪƬƬա
ܡʲôռ䣿ԪҵȻ޷
ʧܣŭʨӣҡͷ޷ǰʵղһͬʿҲҪնɱǿĹȻ޼£ռûƬ̸ı䡣
Ȼʯ
˭
ֵزоȻ侲ٻţ֣չֳ޵ĳš䡣
ϹŶ
ʥǹ
ͻȻǰ֮Уһʥ⻷ˣֱӳŷبš
ˣ裬Ǭλ
һŹʥǹɫ쳣أΪʶѾоʥǹܴв˫һ˲ǧӡŶŹʥǹһȭ
ŷǲŭȭͷ֮боǲڲռ䶼ڻζΰȭͷȫǲ񷽵٣ɽ֮ʥǹ
̡¡¡
ʥǹǷâԪ˰ԵҲȻ̳߶ȭ֮Уǣոս룬ͷŵȭӡһ㣬ըռ䶼ڼ
ըĹâޱ߿ռںڰ֮еҶǰۣڹ֮
Ҷһʥۣ˲侪Ժλѧӣ
췢֣δҶȣԺԺǿϣӰΨûҶκشڡ
죬Ժ£ֶΣƮ֮Уս˾ˣ׹ﵽȼĿµزҶȻӸ߿ս٣գ۹򣬾촦ͬˮƽϡ
˭Ժʱôһλ֣һʱ䣬𺳺濪ڽʵ
Ҷҡҡͷң߸ϣȻûָոսλͨѧӣ˵Ҳû
š
Ȼüͷһŷʲôɫ䣬ɻأǧ꣬ԺֻλλѧӣҶǰýģһǵ죬ҼȷԺţڶˣһҶȵ½ոţҶȣԺնɱλɶѧӣΪԺ߲صϷϲڸ۵ҶȰɣ


360 ͨս
⵹ʮ⣬һոսλѧӣȻô죬Ժˣ
ⷬҶҲΪ⣬ŹȥʮѣϢͱˡ
Ҷ㣬һԺ鱨磬Ҳ޴ڵ׽̡
ԺΪԺ֣ȻҪһһָƣ˶֪Ժ˸ȼţڿǵ죬Ҫ򱶣ȷܰ
첻֪޻ڿ࣬һ˵ʮֱŤ
ҶٴˣȽϣһЦʲôȥŻ£˭Ҳ˵ʵлв
ҶʦܣԺԺȻЩϣȴûκγԹ֪ΪҪϷ֣ϾͬˣֶԸ׽̲ϲߣĪǣԺ߲㣬ɱң
ʱ̬תˣǸκδڵ׽ʹߣԳһɳ緶
ͬˣ
ⷬҶȾʹЦ죬㻹׽ʹݣǰΣ
ߡѵĪȻйϵɣ
ŤȱΣң֮УҲɢɫϢԺǺȻϷˣĪȻӦԺϸɣǱԺ׽ڲĪȻͬʱԸԺ׽̣
ȻǺüƲߣļıԺǴƣˣĪȻͬʱԺ½ѧӽʢӱĪȻǵõİܳΪһɹԺĵ֮У
˸飬һʮҲκһ飬ôʼġ
ãҶȲֻ˵һ룬ĪȻãȷҪԸԺ׽̡
ٴ¶㵱飬һתʵŶѵĪȻԺϸ̽ӣ
ˣ
ʱĪȻ֮һҶߣޱȹضҶȹʩ񣬲˿
ˣ
ʧɫ֣ĪȻͻأس֣ȻһҶǰ˶֣һʲô
죬ʹߣ£
ĪȻͻȻһܾ߳죬ȵԺԺ׽ʲôʲôʸҳҵˣ죬㻹ǵ𣬵׽ʹڳͽ򶷷һ𣿡
㡢ô֪£
ĪȻһ仰ٴת䣬𾪣ͽһսǼΪصĻ֪ǳ֮Уܣѡ׽̳Ϊʹߡ
һܣ˸֪꣬Ժ߲㶼ȥˣôᱻ֪
ĪȻ˵ʵɣ죬׽̸ֶ֮ʱˣΪ
Ȼǣ
һµ䣬ӿ֨һ䣬ͣ٣ʵûϵ˴ǿߣȻǰˣĿҶϣͻȻղҶʩչĹʥǹٽϵǻ
ϸһȻֻ࣬ǵӰԵ𣬶ʥǹȴʥġ
͵ƶһ㣬ޱ޵ؿҶȣ㣡㣡֣ʹߣȻ󣬴У׽ʧ٣ҲϷʹߣ
ȷͨΪ죬ʹߣҸʲôԺˣһλӶѣǱ׽̣ƻȫһֲ߻Ϊľնɱ㣬ȡλΪ׽ʹߣ󣬴ڲϻ׽̵٣ˣڳΪλĪȻȻĺȵ
úá
һУ䳰ЦĪȻҶȻǸʸʵʲôͨ쾳ߣȡҵλãӣǶλѧӣҲڣҲûʸ񣡡
ͨ쾳
ĪȻͻȻһ֣һƣ֮ӿ˳ǿѣңŹϵʥϢһơ
Ȼͨףͻɾﵽһף
ܣɸ߽ףҲһ°˴ͨ쾳ඥɾܣ
˺󼸲סΣ촽ͣ޷ţǰӵƵĪȻеϡ
ǰûʲôܵģΪҹ䣬ֱͻɾ˵ͨѾģĪȻһһˣȫҶȵһ㿴ܡ
ˣĪȻȽ֮У
Ҷһ֣һͰĪȻһƬʥ֮УȻʧֻʣռ޾նҶȿ죺Ҳϻɣ
ҶȣҿµλԶĪȻҪ̫ܸ࣬κĿ꣡
Ȼ켫ΪһȻȻ̬ȣҪҶȺ
Ǹ;ʼÿҶҶȵڳͽһǿߣɱۼ֤Ҷⷬ׿ռֶΣ֪û˶עʩչӡ
֪ҶȸΪЦ£㵣ģһĪȻ׽̸߲㣬㣬Ժ߸ϵ£ǣȴͶ棬ίߣ󱲣ֵţ
棡ô֪Ϸһ𺳣ڸоҶǰŷΣԷһжָƣǶڴ
棿죬ĹȥһҲ˽ɣΪͬһ鵯½һ֮ɱҲ棬һҲᱻնɱһ֪׽̸ܣЩ㲻֪ģ׽УֻһӣҶѿڶһ˵ֱۡ
쳹סˣҶȵȷҪ˽׽̡
ף죬㵱ĽףʣҪ̤ףܣȴףϾ磬һ渨㣬㲻ڷ
ҶȻǿϢӿ˳ޱԣʵӦûûóڣֻսһóɣҿ׽ϣ¶ǿ
ҶȺޱͷƣȻ󾪣̾ͨ쾳ͨף㡢㡭ôܣͨףôӵп׵
ǻ˶ٸϹŶʲôûʶԽʮնɱ˵ţҲͨ쾳նɱɾţҲŹһսףҲʶ
ͨףԿףţԽΪ
죬ǵһ֪Ҿˣɣкα£ɲҪʧҶȿʼʥǹ
ҵġȷǿȷ̩ͣλƾʷû־ʿ׾ͷաƣ

һɺɫף屬˳ռ䣬ʼز˫ͫȼźɫף·һѪɫһ׵ĵңڷ硣
Ҷ΢΢ݣѪɫܸоޣλĸ߼ȷֲܿǿȻʵѾԽףɾף׽̴
ܿѪɫ̫ǿ󣬾ܵĵ
ǿ˵ʹߣգҾնɱţļҪЩ
첻ϴطӡڴ֮࣬ᷨӡٶѾ쵽ѿĿֲز˫һһɾ޴ȼѪϷˡ
Ѫȼյ֮ϣվһλλֳַָߴǧɣеţеǧеǾֹ֮һҲ˲
ÿֲ
ȻҶаնɱ죬Ϊ֮ݣɸ߽ײеʵȲ񷣬죬ǵأأΰȻ޷ƣ޷
ҶȣȻӽӣΣ㾳̫ˣһնɱ㣬ȡľţ϶ˣ;ɣ
˫ָ߸ˣ죬һʯͣҶ˹ʼݺᣬڵ֮ɱֱ׼ҶȣѾǷֶΣ˵ͨɼеĸ߼̬
죬ͨΪնɱ׾ͷѵҾû׼㿴ʲôľ칭
ֶһץþƷħ칭˲Ҷϣһץһ֧ɫĹʥǹ׼췽һ̣񷶼ΪߣҶȻ㼯ռ䶼칭Ļ
찡ʲôҪҰ죬ݺ£߸ϵ£Ȼһͨϣҡʡģ
ͫͻȻŴ󣬿ǵ˳ռ侧ϵ飬ȫܲס
¡
Ǹ۰µգ֮䣬֮ʧȥâԴݿ֮Ȼ飬ըʣֱӳ켤޴ӣֻܼ̳ȫӭȥ
ȴֻ۵֮£̫Сȫ˲飬Ҳʼ飬ǣһֻͻȻ͵һģȻʬӻ£ǿק˳


361 
Ϳϧ˵ǱɵӶҪúܶر
Ϊף߸ϵףϿ϶ӵдƸӽ½Ϊ̫򣬺ķҴʯԺݺݲһʣ
ռˣҶʬ壬СƵģһ֮Уúñ
ĪȻ׽һЩңǱ׽̷̳ҲЩ
һʯ֮ϣҶȻʼƮһǿһ׼ĪȻͻ
ĪȻҶ߳Ҷնɱ죬ûж𾪣ҶͨŲɣȻ֪֮Ͱ׽һЩʽͳͳҶȣҶȲŰһ֮С
ĪȻ֮ҶȼԦʯΧһȥ
ھͿϣжٱ
纣ǿգֿն洦һǼʷ籩Ǽʷ籩£ϵ˸Ŀâһʯ֮ϣҶ棬Ľһö䡣
ö䣬Ǵʬ֮ȡģһλǿߣԺ£ΪϹŶ֪ѹ˶ٲƸԭҶȻһˣںٲƸ̫ڷչ֮УҪƸ
˵˭ҲǮɡ
ȡʬ塢òƱҶȾϲ飬ȻҶ챻նɱһᱻȡȫʿ磬ﾺ

һ̫봢֮Уµΰ־˲䱻Ҷ־ɱɣƱչ¶Ҷǰ
һʯɽһʮ󲿷ֶǸ߼ʯƷʯֻռС֣мʯȻ£˺ʯвٹżַҲǧҲʮǸС
һ㣬ɼѹζٲƸ
˷ʯ֮⣬вٵҩ챦ҶĿⱻһɫסˣͷʮϢҶȴϲȻʮɵΪ̫ߣɵѾô󣬲ŷӡӦԺ䣬ƶɵɵȷ£ҲʮţЩλѧӣܵõһŶݳޣ
ʮɵ⣬Ҳ֮УΪͨ죬Ȼӵôɵͻͨ׶ϣˣ
ճ˵ʮɵʮλʿɵͽףһҲ޷֮࣬󣬵ǶҶЧǺܾˣϾҶǿҪ̫ʮɵҲֻҶͻͨף⻹ֻǴš
ͨ쾳ѾʿͻƵһؿڣÿһͻƣʮѣȻҶ˵ҲһҶǰõõ佱һɵϱӣҶȲôͨһͻͨס
Ҫͻ߽ͨףǾûôףǰҪһɵڿҪţʮţ࣬˭Ҷǳǧ򱶻Ҫǿǳ򱶻Ҫǿʢ
ҶһӰʮɵȫһ⣬ҲֻͻͨףҪǻˣͨ׿ֱͻɾо־ܳɾɣͻɶסס
ʮɵҶѾ𲻵ҪԳ˵ȴζõɵ
ʮɵвƸ޷ȣͻͨĽ׵סһ߽ͨףҪͻƣʮˣʱ֪Ҫɵǿ
̰Ѻ޽䣬ȻٿϣڷʲôҶǿӦܿѰռ䣬뿪Ŀȴһڱʯϵļ̨סˡ
Ǽ̨Ѫɫʯѵ
Ҷʱ̨Ϸּ̨ʶ̨֮һƴСѪɫʯӱʯ֮УɢҶϤϢ׽ɽλ
ɽʯӦǺصʯ
ֱʯȻӡ׽̴Ҷʧǣƺùˣֻʣһ֣ʣЩȻܰ磬ʯҲ̺ǿ
ԺҪ׽̴򽻵ʯ׽һ׽̣Ҳ޷˲ߣͬ˾޷ݣ
Ȼһ뷨ҶԺγɣҪȥһΪǡϹִ׽̷̳֮С
Ҫ׽̷̳Ȼ쳣ѣһˣܣԲҶһʯںûһģУȻ㡣
֮У̺
ÿһһһɴγɶԣҲԴ洢ͬǣһ˵޷ԦͬʮΣգһ޷ѹơԦͻըݻȻҲݻ٣ͷˡ
Ҷεǿ󣬵ѪڤƾѪѪ̺ϸ΢ҲϸɣԶҶ˵ƾԦ׾ٲڻ¡
ᾢһҶȿƣ˲򿪣ʼֱѪʯԴǲ
Ѫ챦ʯǿɽʮּ̣ˣ޷յģҶ̫⣬εȰԵ̫˲ͰѪԴ׷׾ᣬһɹ֮С
ʯƮ򣬻죬ҶȲŰʯȫȡѪ챦ʯ˲飬Ϊ촷ۣ֮С
ת
Ҷһȫӡڸ֮УԾֹҲһӡʯľ˲ӿһɹɲڷʼռҶ˲䣬ҶϢȫˡ
о¾վǰٻӣҲ޷ߣǧˡ棬Ѿǲͬ죡
תҶѾ죬һܻû׽ϢһͻָϢ
죬ϣﵽͨ۷ɡ
һ֣һͰʬ˳һսҶҲĲرǴ߶칭Ǹоһ±ڳ˲ա
ҶΪṩ칭ҲӦʹһ칭ҪҶһȻףҶһȣ̫࣬Ҷ״̬£ͻͨ״ﵽĽס
Ҷ̫࣬ǿֻҶȻָʧȥȻͨ۷ˣûԤôкܴת䡣
ٿ
ʬ˲ƯҶϿգҶǿʬ壬ʱӫžѪԼҶ彵٣бˣȫҪҶա
ٺ١ף̫ǿ˵޴Ȼ޷ֱȴҪ󣡡
ȷһ˵ǱԽŨԽôǱԽҶֺʣѳףﵽ߽ǿˮ׼
ϵؽ٣ʥһ㣬ҶΧë׽ϸѪڲգǿ󣬶Ҷ˵һñʮɵҪ޴󣬾ʮűҲ޷ȡ
ʲôҩӣֱȡǿÿ졣
ΰ纮һ⣬ϵڻһף޵õıôرҶɣ겻ѣЩ¾ͷ¿ֳͬܣ˭Ҳ³»˼ԥͶҶȳ֡
ˮΣһεε£һεαҶգоˮξɺ꣬о̫
߶칭ĵѾָ߰˰ˣҲ˴󲿷֣Ҫﵽͨ۷壬Щܣ
ҵ̫ǿ治Ǻ£һλ׾ͷ˵Ȼǲã֪Ҫնɱǿߣն̤ɾɾɵ
ԼҶȾЩģͨ쾳Ҫ˴ҪͻɾҶʮٱҶҪնɱǿ߲С
̩λ棬ֵͼλ棬಻ǧˣҶȫɱ⣬Ҳ޷ȡ㹻ֻȥλ棬նɱǿߡ
ˣɽ
Ǹʲô١ɽȻ壬ǾͲÿλ棬Ҫȫҽɵ㹻
ʱ˿̣ҶȾȻģǣҪλ棬Լ̤ɾ޵ɵ
ɽǸ߼λ棬̩λ治֪߳ٸȼҲһָ̫߳࣬߼Ҷ޵ͻȥɽǸʲô٣ˣܾħѪҶҪֻġ
ʲôɽעҪΪҶȽɵƶ
֪̩ʲôʱ֪ͨһȥɽʹߣߣһСС½λ棬Ȼһɾǿ޷룬ӵдǧͼɽ£ҽɾ̤ɽǾɽ׻ʱ򣡡
ǧͼ̫֪ٴΰҶȻΪģˣҲ޷Ҷôǿˡ
̩λǵͼλ棬ɽ̩λҪ߳ܶȼҪӵͼλ棬߼λ棬׾ͷԣ뿪̩λ棬ﵽƽλѣҪɽָ߼λ棬ϡ
˵һ㣬ɽԽ̩λ棬̩λԶҲ޷ɽָ߼λ档
䣬Ϊﵽ߽ס˽ǿߣɽǼɽʲôɽ֪̩λ޴٣ӵжɾ߽ǿߣһʿһλˣͿɱһλס߽׵ǿߡ
Щ䣬ɽֻķݡ
ɽ٣ŰɣΪ½ɱ˷Żһ죬ѻյϣ
ҶЦɱڣӿٶȿʼһĿĵءǡҲԭԽ


362 Ƴ
ǣϵڶٸʱ֮УźҪɫԺʱҲһʥأóʮַ
̩λȻڷλͲʱգҲϹŵ򣬴ϹʱһͷϹԡֲԻ
Ȼʲô֮Ĵ˵֮Щ޷֤ʵ񻰶ѣǾʱ𣬵ɣҲʮַҲضá
ʱ˿̣Χžǿգһʯ𽥴ݺһƮӰʯֳ
ǾϵҲ̣ʷϳԻͣ
һĨɽ۱ûԺλѧӵĽǰۿʼûΪһۣҶ˲俴ȥȻѣâȻز¶һۣͻĿ
Ǵڲܵ׽̷̳Ժ֣Ӧϣٰѷ̳ͽһɨ⣬뵽ҶȾñҪȥԺΧҸϤ˽һǴ
һҶȾ͸ӦԺϢһɫǹ⳯Ǿϵȥ
λԺȻҲԺڴأǸ̫࣬ҲֹԺһңǰټţ߻ӣÿǿ󣬾ԺƽҲܵ͵άһ򣬲򲻵ѵزԺǲЩ֡
ݳǣǶǳأǳصȻԺݳʮ־޴ķǳأǲʥأݵһ̺ţ챦̺žݳ֮УΨһһ챦̺š
ǳ룬һϵƣԶɽҪ߳һأϹżԺĴ֮һģӴ޷ȼġ
ķ쳣ϸԺʥλλѧΧѲߣλλΧأѴⱣʵʵػҪϸʮ
ٵȴ͵ʿ֮Ⱥ򣬴һͣÿʿ̲ϸʿ֪ðһ׽̣ŵԺٴУÿӴѧء
ЩʿҲϰˣûбԹǾȴɨȥڣ˶ݳǰһƬ͡
ǲǷˮأԪŨңвλǿߣʿʮ֮࡭
գûʲô쳣һΰӰѾս٣һ۵ҶȣǣûдĽ봫ִ˭֪Щѧ֮Уû׽̽ǱС
һ¶ƻ׽̷̳ҵ̳Ҳܡ
˫ͫͷһ⣬ֱɨݳǣĿ⻺ٴ󣺡ԺȻ׼һٶλλѧӣһλĽ׵ǿȻ£ʵȴӹɣˣӦþԺȨߵĸˣ
ŶλĽ׸֣ԭСƳ
ҵͷˣҶּм¼жһϣȻйش˽ܣҲԺרŶԸ׽̷̳
Ƴ̤Ľǧ̤꣬ԺȻΪʸΪִ߻ûͣΪԺףƾ޷Ϊ߲㣬ԺĽ״ڣȴ¡ָ߲㡣
Ľײǧ꣬ƳĽλѧ֮УҲǶ֣ǸˣҶϸƳ¼ִ˴һ׵Ľףһ·ɲټ񣬲һ·ҡֱϣΪ
ɴ˿ɼƳȻ¡ȴǸĻ˺Ҷ˵δǼ¡
һ˵ǱִһЩڴˣɼԺ׽̷̳£жôӡ
֡
Ҷȴӿռ߳Ȼ֮УóƣǱڴǿƳ
Ҷʦܣˣ
һӰӴȻԾԳ֮ͨУţһλ˳Ҷǰ
Ƴһֱ˸оһλ·ƽͣмƣŲʮ꣬ȴƣƳ̫ࡣ
ȻԺ˽֪ţҶʦܣҾͲҽˣһΪ׽̷̳רˣִе񣬶Ǹ߼˺ϣ
Ƴֱӣżɽ˵Լ뷨
ҶȵƳֱˣܶԼθڣ˿ҲףҶȱȭʦ뷨һȻؼȴҪʦִ׽ʵǸɽ󣬸̳Ҳ̶Ѩ
ʦܹȻúԶм깦Ȼʱ䲻׽̷̳һЩϣŶкܴԺֻ֪׽̷̳ŷλͲö֪
ҪԸ׽̣ҳ׽̷̳䡭׽ѾúҪڳһҲףҲôݾߣһκη紵ݶ׽̷̳صøأ
Ŀ⿴ݳ߼ʵĽƳüͷ΢΢ֱϣһ˿
ʦ֣̽׽̷̳飬һָ㶨˴ϢҲȷԼаգʦ֣Ժκη紵ݶ鷳һʱ£ҶһᣬſƳ
ʦܷģһᾡ㣬ķע׽̶жϣ׽п£Ϊķչ̳ںϣγһŴԸԺ
ƳؿҶȣÿֶ˵Ժ̫ϣȷ׽̷̳ҲֻмҶ֪λãҪʦܵõ׽Ҫϣҳ׽̳꣬ʦܾΪԺ¿ͣռõϣʦкܴ
һƳȻƮҶȣץУҶ̸од֮΢΢̾ʲôֻͣҪص㣬ҪʧܣҲʸ֮ģ
ʦܣΪִҾͲʦȥˣЩˣ㣬֪䣬Ҳ֪ͽ㣬ԭ̫֪㣬һ׽̼ϸǾΣˣ
ʦܣ䣬ҶЩû취Σѱ棬һҲ
Ƴ˵󼸾仰ȴ¶ɫ˫ͫҲ쳣أ֪׽̷̳жѣΣء
ҵϵãֱִϵˣʦ֣ղᵽλġʦʲô
֪ΪΣҶէȻƳᵽġһ̣뾱ʼð亹һֱڱӵĸоҶȻָоһУȷΡ
ƳһԮ֣һˣ˷ֱǡϹٷѩҡ¹ŵӣǰµһӣһΪﵽ۷壬ʵز¶һ룬Ͷһְգ
ġֲøоէȻ֣Һ󾱷ԭǰµӣһɳģ֪⣬⣬ǰӣڴ˱
ԸҶˣһǣľһ˵רԸңһҪԸңξǺܺûᡭ
һ½ϲԤУҶȾʹƳУ
Ҷִֻ뻤Щ߲֪ƳΪѧӣҲ֪жйأһˣǲ֪Ҫܡ
˶֪ǿأΣķҪԸҶȣֵ֣Ҷִ֮ʱ֪ڱֽţʤôҶʱв
һ壬ɱ˲ѪҶȳκ⣬˵һӳ׽̸ΪǾҶʧܣ䡣
ϣҶ롭ҪǸרԸҵģǾͼˡ
ող̤ǣδʼҶȾᵽһԱΣķΣգ񣬱лҪΣա
һ㣬ҶҲƳѯĹ飬һʲô£˵ͻƳɣ¶š
ҶȼƳ˽֮󣬱ݳǶȥƳգ۾봫·ӡ֮С
ݳǸֽΰһءԶȥϢǳس߲²ɣٹϽӵаʷһʷ֮ǡ
뿪ҶȾͻȺ֮УϢȻͷų׼̺׽Ϣĸ߼˷ֲݣ鲻ټƳҪѰҶϢҲҶƺһ
Ƴղٹ׽̷̳򣬵̫ȫ棬ؼϸԺЩѧҪŪ׽̷̳ںδܣ׽̸ֿ϶ݳӦò鲻ʲôмֵϢ
׽̷̳пڡɽǾȥ࡮ɽĳǳءƺǡһˣ
һȺ֮ɢһ氵˼⣬̫٣׽̸ӲݳǷչֻȥƿصĳǳء
뵽ҶȼӿŲŷȥ
Ǳͺܾ޴ƮǡͨԪֳҲСȥ½ޣҶҲ޷˲Ӧǻϼ깦򣬲ܰô޴ȫ
ʮСĳǳ˷ٳǳضݳǹģС٣ƺǣһ޴ǳأƿΧƬ޴ɽɽɽӵвɣϼ壬ȻΪΧΨһһǳأƺǿ֪жô
ɽ֮УֻγһˣΪˣռصɽȻǳҲ֪
Ϲһֱ٣ȻγɲһɽҲκһ۹ҪǿҸԺ֮ͥ
ȲЭֲȻԿԺһֱûбԺ£Ҫԭ


363 
Ҷգ۾ʹݳƺϿգոֳһķӡƺȷӡֻܳԸ߽ǿߡ
ȥƺǷŷ֮УƺڣǳҲ֮Ʈ֣˸оƺǾλӰ
ƺķϹɽҶȴ򿪵ͼɽƺҲƬ֮УէȻȥƬǿ͸޾ƺ
ȻûнɽҶӦѾܵӵϢһɹ־С
ɽȻʿʮСɣˣʿȻҲʮλһмλ߽ǿߡ
ջҶһ⣬Ϊɽǿȥ֪ҲԺҪ£ҲЩѣǻвٸǿʵǻ̶Ѩ
ֲãôһʥأԺҲȫò
Ҷûеһʱ䴳ɽһƺڣ취Ū׽̷̳ǲ̾ɽһȷ취С
ƺһֵڣһ۵Ҷȣ۴ڽ߳һΪҲǱ磬ͨףһûκظУͲע⣬ƺǻˮ
ƺǣ̧ͷ߾ƬأأҶڴϣ֣ڿշУָʧ
߹һֵҶҲܿо֮У벻˽̸ҲƺǸ˽⣬Ҷȴһ̺ţϢ
졭
ûãҶȾվһƷ¥֮£ƷϿĸ֣죬Ҷ̧ͷ¥ȥ¥ֻһ¥ɸߣʮִ¥žȻһ״ͨ
û뵽ССһƺǣвǿߣһռ䡭
Ҷͨ˽⣬ټƺһ̻ᣬǰ죬̻ʲôⶼǿνʮͨ˴ָƣһıҪľҪϢͳͳʵ֡
ȷǶһ޶ÿǳضһңǣ챦̺֪ȻҪߡ
˽ʲôֻҪͨռֶΣҶȾ֪ȷֶΣֱӳԱȼʮ¥ȥ
ʥ࣬ʮλ˿أʿﲻͥУЩɾͨ쾳ʿżҲῴΪʿЩǿߣȻҲ󣬲ʵھ죬ЩǿһѡΪû˽졣
Ҳ⣬Ҷȸ룬ͼһƾ˵Ĺӣʮλ߽ͨʿӵ£ʢʢؽ죬·Ҳֱӻӣ
Сĵ㣬ǧӢܣɽ󳬼ʥڡ֣Ҳɽʮ֮һ
ʮӣ
ʥ࣬ʿ˽˵š
˺д󶯾ʮӾƺǣ죬Ӣܲƺһ̶ӣΪ̶Ӳб
Ҳ˵£Ӣɾ֣ʮӣʮӲƺҲŰ裬˭Ҳǣñۣһ˭ҲȲǣ
ʮɫ鲼޼׵ʿۼһţΧʿҲϸϸš
ͣ
ͻȻһػɳͻأؾʮ壬Щգ۳һ⣬ȻһƬ棬ʬ̻Ϊҽ
˭ҶԱӲ³
ǧˣӢֻһ˸һ⣬һɳʹӿ˲ʮλͨ쾳ʿնɱ
˿ʼɢȥŵһ࣬ףı𺳣ԺôҲĨȥӢĮı顣
һ
ҶȺȻȺУû˷Ҷȼмɳܿʧڿ£ҶȸղλãʮλʿԱߣأһҲҶͨ޵УղҲһƬҽ
ôһ˲䣬ҶȾͿӢʹһټһſ޼᲻ݵĻɳɵ
Ӣܵɱû˸֨Ŵҡҡ½죬ʿŻ˿ٴȥ׵ʿ˲ͷͷ뿪Īͱնɱ
Ӣܡ
ȻһŮӣسͨʯϣұԹ޵Ŀ⣬ڶӢʧӰפһתȺʧ
Сӣͨ쾳ΪѵɱӢܣ
Ҷ̤ϽݣŮ뿪ҡҡͷһЦҲûһ£ͬͨȥ
ȻҶԤһһռ䣬ռҶкСֱɣԼǧɣΪ㣬ռһ̬ǿռ󷨵ɣǶŲٱʯÿһ㶼׻ɫЩӡ
ȿռ䣬ӦóĽǿ֣֮ռõò󷨿Ҳɼ
ڵһһתÿһ䣬һȿռ󷨣ǺģһסǿߣҲҪҶûκãһȭͿԴ
һ㣬Ҷȥڶ㡢㿴˿ȻЩֶΣټﶼУвٹϷгۣҶⷢʮλΪλ֣Ⱥ֮Уۡ
ãҪķϢ
һ㣬ǰڲһרһλˣڽӴҶȣר鱨ĵط˼شһҪһǧöƷʯϢһöƷʯǸ˻ǿϣҪʮʯ
һöʯҪɽڴСС¼飬ټʮʯҪɽصĻϢ߶򣬴С¼һ࣡
Ҷȿɲ̸ע⣬ֱóһö䣬׸ˣҶȫô˽
̲鿴ָСʱȷʯͷԵȣϿӡ㣡
˱Ȼ鱨һ࣬ʲô˶ְҵؾʾҪʣҪԡ
ҪĶʻҪûУν׾ʽ˺ܿóһ˳ͿݵҶϡ
ãҶȽӹ΢΢ҡͷתԱϢȥ
ҵһƬռΧвٿռ䣬ǶǸϢõģƷǳܵ
֮̽УǿԪ񣬲ɨһ⣬Ϊĩ
û뵽컹ֶΣȻɽϸ򣬺úáҪѡ£ƺ¡
ˣȻƼһ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾҵϢѡ¡
ͨϢҶȲ֪ɽȻɶͬ˹ϵǧһֱûѡһΣʥڡվѡȡ⵽󲿷ԣӶɽһѪȷ硣
ɽ󳬼ʥڡڡ޼ħ飬ɶڷԣ޼ħҲһͬ޼ħԭͬ˭ʥҪƼһΪ޼ħͲˣԭһͳɽ޼ħȻӦ
ѡɽ޴籩ɿʼʥڡȻԸЩͬɣиġڡЩ⵽š
Ȼ񡭡
ɽ󶯾Ҷȶ֪ˣҶȾѡһйŹ֣ΪʥڡڲƼǿߵͳһƼһͻ
ôʥڡԸȨƣһƿɽ
һţе
ǸҪôΪ죬ôӵӴֶΣʥڡڶ丩
ɸ߽ǿߣҲܲɫͿ󳬼ܣһʥڡڻҪǿԾʵɸ߲㣬Żͬʱ޳ѡ
һΪƿɽ˳׽̷̳ɽӶռǣ룬ңҲһ
΢΢ۣŷһ飬ʼչ¶ߡ
ڻ޷ȷǲ׽ڱɽֻлУܳ
ǰãɽһͨսһɲڷһֱţڲ²ǵȴ֣ܱơ
ҶԺֲֳϵϢȻϸϸһƳϣ߽ҶȸҶ϶׽̷̳ɽ
֮Ҷȵ׼뿪죬һֱʲô취ܻɽ


364 
Ĺӣߣ´
һλ߲ߣԹӢܵ뿪ڳʿֱ֨Ӣ뿪ŸҺѹɢȥ
Ӣܡ
ҶײһĻŵӢܼסˣˣҶնɱȻ
żλʿ뿪죬Ҷȸ⣬ͿӢһ˵ȥֵˣ̧ͷһۣ
ڣŴʮͨ鵤һƷһ׶
ڡߣԱȥ˭֪Ǳ񴦾
ʱһλŮżλͬһŮӣؽֹյӣûκԸ⣬ȻһǱڣһܲһȳ⡣
ڣ
ҶվȺ֮У뿪ȴλŮӸסˣǵһλŮӣҶƺȻüͷһǸղλӢɱڵŮӣժȥɴˣ޷ıģ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬱ڲ޳ѡԸƿأܵʥڡЩȣ涼⣬ֲøղǸŮӶӢޣӦǱʥϣ˺ܴί
һתҶڨڨһЦ˲ˣղŻһ꣬ʾ֭λɽû뵽취ǰ⼸Ůϡ
ҶѾɽƺ˽⣬񴦾׽̷̳ʥڡڱ֣ôɽҪѡҪһڻһļַԣɢɻС£Ŷпܡ
Ǵˮ֮Уʱ֮֡
λѣǱڣϾͻõʮͨ鵤һƷһ׶
Ҷϸϸ˼֮䣬λӢɱڵŮӣҶǰ˫ۣˮվҶǰ˵
ҶȻعĿһֱעŮòȻҲǸò׵СŮݵӣȴңǷȻʣ޷а
λѣ㡭㿼ǿǣ
Ůһ㶣ؽŬ죬ûһΪʮͨ鵤һƷһ׶ĶڣطǰλӣվǰؿԼ˲оһ˿ϣ
ҶȲû¶ż飬ǴһʵһɢޣԿǣƺǵۣ˵ǱھͿ
⡭
ŮһìŷݣֲΪһλӻᣬͷԸ˵ǱڵȷãÿӣŴŽһ£ֻҪͬһɹѹء
ŮӺǼеѿڶ˫Ҷȣһ̣ŷϣҶƵġ
δԸ񣬺ô㣬ôˣ
ҶȺȻҡҡͷһ̾ٶöŮӣƺˣͷ
Ů飬Ҷٴһ̾û취Ȼһˣұ׷ɱǱںôҲнʷٿԸһ֮ɣ
ģ
ŮƺԼˣؿҶȡ
Ȼģ޿ҪҸȻ㣬ҾͼڣԺʲô£ҲܵģҶȵͷʮֿ϶
̫ˣģĽˣһ㰲ȫŮһۣͿҶͨΪǣֱϡ
ҶҲ˵ʲôϹһԳơ𡱣ͨŮһ¼֮ǳ˱ڼӣҶҲ֪λŮڡǱӡ
Ҷľͷ˸潪ڵȱŮӣƺֺĿյӣֻеһˣǾҶȡ
ʦܣʦȻƺյӣҴȻɽʦţڳŻΪ
һǽԺ⣬ǼλŮӸЩŮӽԺ֮УǱһ㡣
ڿֹˮҶȣ´֮ƺео˵ҶȳǷȥ
ƺǣǰƬƺ֮£ɽ
һ·ѱڻҶȣʲôŹ桢з棬һһҶȣʱգ۾͹ȥˣ˴һƺʼһƬ˯Ʈɽһɽɽ֮дܳư硣
ɽ֮УвʿշУ˽̤ɽ˳ޣʲôﶼУҴ綼ͬȳһ飬৵طɹ
Ҷһɨȥƺɽ֮ɽۣ֮һɽҲǸֽ˸߲߲ʹâ
Ǳڽڱɽ֮ϣλɽ󷽣˵ڼʮǰɽλܸߣϧٸ䣬ţǿɾʥڡҪţҲ򵥣
Ҷȿʼɽһɽɹأÿ·һھϸ֪ҶȣҶһ·ŭ潪ĬĬسڷȥ
㿴ҷǾʥڵ̣ʦܣСЩۣʥڶζʦֵ¶֣˶ڣµһֻܱ֮࣬â
ã·һƬɽȺΰ֣ȴûп飬Ů֮ӣΪСĵǣҶȾͳһȥ
ʥڡ
һɽҶĿ⻺£һֱʥڹһĿ˽ȴֻܲЩġ
ҶȺܿ侲֪ڰʥɱƬײҲҳ׽̷̳䣬ݾߣ׽̷ֻ̳ʥڸ߲֪Ǳʸ
ʵûûʸ߲㣬ֻñеλԸң׾׽̷̳䣡
ɳڸ߿գҶо˼ţͷɽڱﻢ£رҲǽͷѶұƲվߣ
ҶȾԼڣΪʲôȴһͷˮ֪ô֡
ţãʦܣƺ鷢㿴ɽѾ߶ˣ
ԼʱɹǧڽһƬ̴ԴԵɽ֮ʣͻȻţָǰһɫĻ˵
ȷǽƣʦ㣬һҪ߶ƣһ£ҾóȻȥһˣ޷ǱΧôһ£Ȼ㣬˵ܻȡһЩϢаأҶȵûж仯Լ뷨˵˳
ãô죬ӣӦΧҪͬѡȡһʥڻǺڰָʹ
ھҶ˵ҶȳҲһɽȥԽʮɽ壬ϢƼǰһɫĻɽӦþǱڵڡ
ڱü϶ǱҪԸڡ
ţЩӦɣҶˣȻ㣬ٲӦ˾ҪƲñڣ
ȻӪһǵĺ
ţִɫĻ֮УһܾŮǱڲۣͬѵԸڽ£ʹ

ɽվһʯ֮ϣҶϢ͸ң㼸ʿӪһɫۺ졣
ҶȾ˵ѵ˲òĹؼʱ̣
ţ֮ǰѾʼ޼ħոմϢ޼ħʧأֲ˼꣬ٲھɨһĿ꣡
ûãִӪ֮Уһ֮
ֲɻǰ˵޼ħܵ˹޼ħǿһʧܡţ
ڿ϶ҳһ࣬ԭвٳϷͬˣš
ڼת֪ǻüë޲óëȥȻ΢΢侲һֱǰոŵ½ӣȻܳס
ϸһ룬ȷˣһ½ӣͨΪȻº޶ݣ侲һյ漶
ȻһأҶ쳣ƽȺ˲Ŷ֣Ӧѹţ޼ħǷûнǰŵȷǰȫģ
ĿҶȶӣҧŷ۴ʣܲһֱȥɣ˼ųҪ޼ħ·ʦҪУ
ڲôǰҪһųҪѡģ޷ңֻܿѡ񣡡
ʵǿֻܱңƱۣƱҪ㣬ɱ㣬޷ѡǿ󣬾ˣ
˵ò࣬һֱִȥɿ¡ЭˣžͲǱڣҲʹΪߡ
Ҷ渵ʵ˵ЩҲھ벻·ȲŻҲΪӡ


365 
ȻһжžʿҲκζָо̫ѹ֣һɽѹζ
ʦ㣬ȻţЩֻСආ̽ʲôϢֹһɽķһҶѾⳡܴ
ҲҪ֪ڲǸʲô
ڵͷڷԼҶһһٶǱĬ֪жҶȲһĪУҲŮԡ
Ϣɾǿ߷֣뿪ɽ壬ƲԾԾһƬƬɽǵɫĻ⡣
潪ĻϷҶ˲͸ȥһ㲻ԵֵĽǿ߼ڹȻϣ󣡡
һ
ͷһɫ˫ָһָһӡһ֮С
ʦãڻˣʦأ
һλ긾Ůӽ֮߳ʮͷıһŮҪ׳˶֣ңƤ΢΢һֺüڣüë΢΢䶯ϲɫ͸¶
ʦ㣬ʦûû𣿡
Ҳ֣һŮûлشҲһ죬ȻһԾҶȣ̽ܣγȥʦܣֻеλʦܣ
ŮΪˣ𣿺ãͨҲ֮󣬻ǧڽסף
ԺʦգҶʩ
ΪβʦãΧһɨȻֻ֣мڸƽӡ
ˣٵȥʱ䣬˽Դ򿪷ӡʦţ֮ʣ²ֵӡ
ڻʦˬϣҲһΣȻڣЩӸӡҪ£ܸоЩҪŲ
״ӣʦ㣬뺫ʦȥšʮּУҶֱӳһɽȥ
ʦ㣬û״ӣ
ɽ֮ϣҶĿߴһΪʥĹȻڡ
״ôҲųΪ״ӣžͷȴ¡ʦܣŽţ½еҪ˵ЩϿһ׵ĺܣ
ƺ뵽ʲôѱһЩ˵ҶһһҪСģҲǼ仰򣬽ھʹҶеһƬ˹㳡ǰ
㳡ϾۼżǧӣŮӽУڹ㳡ǰʮλһλŮӷֱһ֮ϣһ໹мλϸЩΪǴﵽɾֲΪ
һССڣȻʮλɾʿ˴۾֪ɽжǿ
˿̹㳡Ϊѹ֣ʮλǿߣͷƣŷսʱᱬ㳡ǧλ£ľս
ʦ㣡
ڴҶ㳡ûע⣬һ˼ڳž֮䣬˭עһӶ
ǰţڶһλʮ塢һ¡˫ͫڵŮӣȥ
Ůһ¶ϲתӭӽڣ˫§ס˽һ𣺡СʦãŻʦһֱڵ㣡
ҶվһԣĪ֪Ŀڡʦ㡯ϣ΢΢޵ͨʮסλŮӣΪҲԣǧͻɾҲ£
Ǻʦܣãû뵽ʱ򣬻ܼǱڣʮ꣬ΨһһŵĵӣǴʦ¾ģʦ뽪ʺһڽ֮ǰҶȱʾӭ
ӣҶһ½ӣΪֻͨ׵Ʋϡ
ʦãЩ߲ƣȻҪʦӦѡʦ϶Ӧһ˵ᷴˮҪʱ׼ɵѹ£еӶʦ¾ΪӽɾԽڽ˵һ䡣
Ҫˮ
һɫ˲䣬ôʵǿϣҪԸһˣ뵽ͣ
Ⱥʲô鶼Щÿ£ٵӳȥûڻЩϣǵżҲƲţͶȥˣ¾Ц
üͫ䣬ŭѿЩж
ԭЩƹΪʲôڣһǽ߾磬ֵǣ
ҶȺȻ׹κ˲Ȼʡ

ͻȻǸߴ򣬴һĻĶֻλţһ֮ϣǲռƣ˲飬ֻһλλָȵ±ƣǿɲ
ǿɲܱΣֻѡͬѡ㻹л·ҪôͰҵȳΪõ㲹ҲְɣĹǿɲһͬµ
ΪǲҶԱʲôǶ̤ɵʣֻ׷ؽڣ
±ƣͲҪһϵһͬ뿪ҪȻ֣ʵʲôܱЩӣţ
һλϸһ࣬ȻʱҲʼȰ˵š
ţ±ƺȻվɷˣǱڸҲύǣ߰ɣҲҪǣڿʼ޹أ
ߣǾͱǲʵɣ±ƣѾʥڡڴЭ飬ԭǵõͻ뿪Դ뿪Ҹطţ˹ִ飬ǾͱǲҪˣ
ʮһλϣȵĺܣƺû뵽±˼ԣòأȻҪ±ƶ֡
ߣ
±ƻվһѩ趯˫üһǧӷʵ飿Ϊϣйˣȫţô˽ȡǲǾ飬ҪǱڱأ
ǻʲôʸ񣬵ϣܵ𾴣ǾһȺǻ±ٴߵسʮһλϺȳ⡣
һλ롢׹졢ͽ˶곤ϱʵֵز˭Щϣɵ˷ʲôƱж֮ڵĻҲҪ˵ȥˣǾ֪㽻
±ƻλ곤ϣޣѾǱڳϣ֮£ιأǿȡ᣿
ʲôƨϣҲŲҪ㲻Ҿɱ㣬ɱ˱½ӣɱƬײ֣ӴҾʹڣ˺һλҲ
ƺѶȻȻ¶ԣҰһһ¶
ţԶ㣡
ʱ˿̣·ǧӣϷɵǿһԻһìͷָЩϣǺʹģû뵽ųϣȻ˾顣
е׷ױʾҪ׷±ơ
ʦҲҪ㣡
ʱ򣬴ʦ¾뽪ڷܲϸ̨±ңλϸһˣγɶԿӪ
ãڶ
״ֹͷ±Ƽο
ϣȻ鶼ֵزǾͲٹ˼֣վһնɱ±ƣȡ뿪ɽ
ͬˮ𣬼Χ˵˻ϱ˴¶ģ׷ΧԿ±ơ
Ѽ飬ǧԣЩͽΪѹס
ͻȻ±һޱţһ֣һʱڳһɰǵʱ̣Ҳڵȣǵ壬ѡû뵽ǼȻ֪壬Ҫ
λѾǿĩ󣬱ʲôϸǼƷƷѣ
˿壬ŷͿ͸±ֶΣ˫ָ˵У±һУֻͽ޹һСڻݰˡ
±ΪϣǸɶףһףԸ±ƣҲǺһ¡
ȴû뵽±ƾȻһֱڲ׾붯֣±ƻⳡΣԾݳ֣˵±һ֮
ڣȴûұֻˣ
У±ƶʮһλ϶֣ǣҶȺȻ֣±һŲںϣĽסףնɱЩǴ´ࡣ
ԭ±ƾΪһλףȻЩֶ֣Ҳల£ϸղչ¶ƣշǰЩ档
еͽ
±ͻȻתǧȻ˫һ֣һɻƾֱڣһΰûɵƹ⣬ʮһλλϸ˲ƹⲻϽ١
ôʵ
λ±Ƶϸʮһλ˲䱻ƹǰһĻʵġ
ʲôܿȻ᲼󷨣󷨶Ըǣʵںѵ޷ƽ⣿
ͻȻվ˻ָɱ¾ơ
ǾһȺǱͳͳɣ
ǧ󷨣
±ƾȻҡһ䣬ǸŮӣһλţ񷣬ɫ飬̧֣΢΢ʮһָ
߳߳
ʮλλǿߣȻһ㷴ӦûУǻͻأλ籩һңڽ֮кȻը
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮλǿߣȻڲһͱز¶±ɱˡ
±չ¶ɱ¾ƣѱסˣѸײڶ֮ơɱ֮ģʮλɵǿߣȫնɱ


366 Ҿ
ʮλɵ֣˲ɱһͬţ±һ˵۾޷뵽һ塣
úݵֶΣû뵽±ƻ˼˼ǧΪ֮֮ʱҶȴڰд±ƣһôߡ
֮ǰ뷨ǿֶΣԣ˭֪һŮţȻǸɱϡǼɫıѾȥĲ
Ȼûиı䣬±նɱʮλǿôȻʿΧлˣҶ˵ʱʱ̶̿ڣֻҪץ׼ʱȻˮɡ
Щͽʬ壬ȥҡ
±治ɫҲЩ٣ȻȫأϸȻ߰ߺ飬ֻǲΪ˷ֶѡ
ʮλ̰ʮɵǿ߲̼֫øɸɾжѸͣ洦ѪȣЩͣ
±ǧʱ׼ţȻλϸλĵӽڵӷ׷ɢ
ĿǰľǾȴڣ±ѡҶǱڵӣΣ󻹿Աͽݣˡ
ҶվȺУǰιһλλڵӣҶûκνڣֱ±ƣڱݣ˵ᣬ羲ȴ׽̷̳£Ҳһɵġ
룬ҶűڵӣΧɽ忪ʼ
ҸطҶ֮УһһͨƬѵй˽һ̫
ûãҶϸ΢΢Цݣ˫ҲٿȻ֮ͨ󣬶̫չʮ⡣
̫ȻŽɹ⼸仯˲˼飬ո߼λ½ݴ½ʱʮ̫ҵ۹ͳ£˶ӵвʿð
ɾʿʮڣͨ쾳ʿǧɾʿλһڲɡɡɱضǡ
̫ҵ۹Ҳǿ߽ɣдȨҪҶԶһֿƣ̫٣̫Ҳ̫ĳ֣췭ظ۱䡣
ԭʥλ籩ʴǧٿףһգƬֱǼʷĹ̫ȫƽ⣬λ籩֮ǰħǿߣָ
̫̫Ѿָ߰˰ˣӣǼʻҷ籩ҲŵǿյΣգõʼ̫ΪģΧ
ܿ촫̫ǧˣ鴫ܲͨҶԶѡѡʼ뿪̫򣬽̩λУҶ𡢾ҶЩҲ׷׳ȥĥ
ʸɾʹǿߣʿʼȥǧ򿪻ģ̫Ҫָ߼״ָ̬ǲеģҪΪģЩֶǼӿֶָΡ
ȥðָ̫ܻ꣬߰˰ˣͻɾʩչͨ깦ָܻ߼״̬
Сӣһֱ֮У򣬼Ϸ˹̫Ҳ޻أ
һ˽֮ҶмΪ̹̫Ҷȳûк֮ǣʼſֽڼսʱıȡᡣ
ʥ仯̫ҵ۹Ҫ޴Щסʿһõ⿪ӡأɾʿȻλҺ÷ʥЩ屻շΪãʥȥɣ
һҶ̴ӷ֪Ǳ仯֪ʥ칫ʮᣬʼǣٿʼʥķ̣ʥܿ׳
ҶȾûҪǿ£ʥʥ˴æʥ϶ᷴˮ̫Ϊ
ջҶ΢΢Ц񣬳Ϊ£̩ػĿģ͸¶ңͨҪװɽնɱпܣҪɽλ棬ȫռ
˼£ҶһֱھУбڵӽֲҶĬĬɣȻǱйעɽ
ʦܣ
һ죬λŮɽ⣬ǽڣ棬ɽڡ
ʦ㡭
ҶȺȻۣƽʯ̧ͷͼ߽Ҷ̳ʩ
ͣЪصͷŴŽʦܣžģѾˣӦѡ
Ŷ
仰Ҷȵе⣬±նɱʮλͽ֤Э취Ϊıһ·ڣӽڿеõ±Ҷһ
ʵ⣬Ǳڵȷ̫Сͬһ㣬޷˿⣬ںĵһͬ飬ȸˣͬѡ
űʿΧ޷ߣӲƴֻо·һֻѡЭȥһʱ䣬Ż취ˣʦ뿪ɽı
뱣ס˷ҪŽʾ⣬ڸղţѾʹߣѡΪɣںǱСɣУΨһֵ
ʦܣҸƵĵҩú˵޼ħҪ𣬵ȽһǾҪȥʥڣμλʱѡٸžȥλãʦҲ׼ѡ˺ĵӣһȨʦӾͻù㣡
һ渵
ȻѾ¾ʦҲһΪžģʦ㣬ȥţл͵ҩ
ҶȿŴӽеƿܸܵмҩǲ߽ͨо޴棬ͨʿ˵Ȼǳ󣬲Ҷʵͨ쾳
ƿ£ɲһһ䣬գۣ±ƾʹӦˣҲûа취ѡ񣬱Ҳ˲ˣ뿪Ҳ޷ƴùʿ
̫С±ƣѡʮ侲ȷίߵãıȡһȨƣ㡭ȲѵһȨ֮ƣ
жԱţ±࿴һСŮӣڹؼʱȴŵ
˶ǱƳģҶڸ仰
Żɣ
ɽٿȻᣬĿΧŶ˵ҵļң֮ˣ󲿷ֶȻһˣ
ҶȰοʦ㣬ҪţģŴ£ڻкܹδ
ҾȻߣúЩҩһͻƣפһᣬЦ뿪ˡ
Ҷɽ⣬ͱһˣȻصʯϼѡ˺ĵӣһֱڵȵʱΪģڲֱӽӴֻƿܴ׽̷̳
ӣȻǷæתҲҶһĽ죬ǿ߽ڣҶȲ֪ԭɽ֮һ޼ħֻ
ңλԳ֣նɱ޼ħɽ
죬ҶȾͽӵٻ̸㳡·ϣеӶۼһ㳡ҶȾͼλɸ±Ҫ£±Ƶűڽӣʽڼˣ׼μλʢ䡣
Ǽλɸ֣ԭʹߣһɽ޼ħ䣬ȫѡ
ڶǸŽкĵӣΪҪټͬһͬȥμλʢ䣿½ӣŲһ꣬Ϊ̫͡
㳡ǰʦ¾뽪ڲվΧȫǱĵӣ֮ϣǼλʹߣ±ܶԻ
ںȻһƲ⿴ĳ䣬Ȼعʦ㣬ʦܾúʦزڣҾаĸо
ʦһ㣬֮Ҫʢ䲻ҪѡͬʱҪѡ˺ĵӣΣأҲûգμӺĵӵǿ̫࣬ʮӶμӣ
¾ĲǴʦ㣬ķǳϸһҪԶ
һһֱסʦ㲻õģڶţʦһʢϣն񣬿ϧڶΪ̫ͣҲΪؿ¾ģСС֮УС档
ⷬ¾ķŷѽڵİ˿зȡ
ֱ󷽣벻ٵӴкҶԱߣСʦܣǰƼ㣬Ӧͬμʢᣡ
ҶɲǼһǫʵʦ㣬ҺεȺܣ
˿˵֪ΪΣҾ͸оڣְȫУʲô鶼н취ƵģλʢᣬδǴʦ㣬Ҫɵ֣˺ĵӡҶԴʦ㲻ͬǴʦͲսʤɵǿߣӢЩ˸ĺʦ㣬ʦ͡
лʦΣȻʦʦܣǾģҲῴŴʦκ⡭Ҷ󣬴ȻԷθǰŮӣʧ
õŵڿȥ˶ˣҲ֪ΪλҶ˵ⷬΣҲ˵
ɾͬĵӣȥʥڣμλʢᣬӣλԪϰţ
±Ǽλʹ֮󣬴ϷһϵػӶǧ˵


367 ʿ
´󲿷ֵλϸԪߣϢһٶλΪﵽͨʮ׵Ҫӣ±뿪ڣʥڲμλʢᡣ
ЩǱڶʮɵ䣬ʵǰ±ȲҲ˳ȥڵıڣѾûκʸ˿⣬еӶһ±ơ
μƻˮɣֻҪܴڲ׽̷̳ٷ̳㲻κ⣡
һٶ˶飬ƺƵűڷʥڣһλλΪﵽ߽ͨ׵ĵӶĩˣֻͨΪҶ˿Ŀ⣬һ󹤷ҶѾܿʥںɽ
ʥڱȱڵҪٱɽһ֣Ǻڡ޼ħҲ޷֮⡣
ɽƵڲãأһɽβ͸ƺּɽ壬ֻһƵģƯƺɾƺڡӿ˲䣬ɽȴΡȻ
ɽɽ嶼ʥڵأдʿҲ洦ɼҶһɨȥаʿƺƵЩơ
±µӣӪɫҲԽŨأʵ̫Ӵڲѡ񸽺ˣ³Ȼ޼ħһҪԸڣҲʮñڳ״ݻ١
ţ񣡡
λţ񣡡
ʥڲʱʹ˷һɹҲһʥڷ±ƣЩŷ׷׿ʩ
ڿȥΪ׳ۣ·ɽμλʢᣬЩ·ζЩȴǸĻ̥˭Ը£ԭɽһͷΪ˭Ը⡣
λѣӭ˲μλʢ䣬ʥԪλһҲҪμӸᣬʱλŶã
һʥĹ㳡Ȼһʯʯֱɣߴɣʥذεضʯǡðѹ㳡ͻأ˾ù㳡ʱݣʯƵġ
㳡Ѿвɽڹ㳡ǰһʥʥһλλɸ֣һλֳЩɣʩӭ
ɾǿʮλһ鵽ײȣӢҲȻУλʿ٩٩̸ʮλӣɽʮӣϵֵͬܣɽ˭Ҳǡ
㳡µӣŷһһһɨȥÿһһʮӪɽʮʥڣʮ
ԽʥԽ࣬ǵһţȻɽڶڣ㼸ǧˣɾжʮλ
ۣʥԪһһ߶ļ䣬ЩǿߣҲάŵƣȴ޲ðԪƤѪ
λλ
С۷׷֮ʣԪʥ㳡̨֮ϣķȭѡڡֹͬ뷨ɽңɱ¾Ϊ˸δǣİѡ֣Ҳ˵ϼ䣡
ಡ
һӥƵӰӺڷգ۹򣬾ͳ̨Ԫ򲢼սۣʮͷͷߣۿ죬ǹøߣģʮ⡣
ɽڣһΪѾﵽ۷壬Ԫ£Ԫ΢΢һۣת˵ѡѡҲѡΪ˹ƽѡһλǿߣȻΪʵ֮ϣʵܴ˳Ϊǿ
˵ĺܶԣɽʲôʲôǣǿ̫࣬һԺѹϣЩڣ޳ͷ֮գǱ߳ȥˣǵһԺҲҪǱϹϾ
ں˵꣬ʥԪǰһŸ˵˫ɳӿƼƻ
ˣǱƲϵĴڣҲǿԺɫˣ
ԪٴλӶ˫˵ֳû˭վ˵Ҳû˱ʾͬŷڳĬԪôȥҽڱ粵
Ұĺ֮
ҶڱӪһ¶ɭɭЦһһͣҪ٣׽̡ʱ¶˰ɣ



Ȼ֮䣬ʥڵӣʼվͬ죬һĻԪ϶ЩЦ

Ҳ֮ʥڣŷͼƻƵģһʣ´󲿷ҲȲѣʼ˺ȻףλʢͱʥڼƻãֻǳϷġ
ⳡϷǻݺã򣬵ʥڣ޻أףǾ붼롣
ãã
ԪڿȺ鼤¶ЦݣԪȻ߾֣̰Ԫһһֵ˵
˸λֵܡѣлл˺£
ͻȻӹ㳡ʥ֮УһǵĲɣʥǼʮλɵǿߣվվñֱǺڡ
һλʿųزʥ߳һʱ˸ʿͳͳʿ
ʿȻǸʮ꣬ͦΣ۳˫ָ·Ʈޣŷƶˣ޾ǿգޱ飬һɫӨѩףͫȴηİ
ɰ΢΢һֻҪʿĿⴥ̸о˿ƵĹ죬ʿʹһ񣬾ڳʿɾǿߣţôһˡ
ĽסصúȻΪαװĽס
㳡ˡΧʿһѡĬη壬ֻһˣΪǾҶȡ
λʿһ֣ҶȾͿĽΪǣԣϢصʮһͨڲ뵤ӡӱϿʿĽףΪȴס
ף־桢Ժ»ҪǿĹŶ
־磬ԺǶԪϼǿߣȻһССйթһ۾ܿߡ
ȷʿǸ߸ϵĵȴƽߣؤѣ˲棬֣ɡ
Ľף
ɲǼ䣬±Щ䣬͸ܵʿΪ޲𾪣ɽǿΪҲףŷǸסǿߣĽףɽʷϵѾʮǰ¡
һλĽǿߣԺɨɽɡʿҪԪҲֻʵķݡ
ˡΪ׽˵Բһˣû뵽ɽһ㡭
Ҷ־ϲΪ׽̷̳̳Ϊ죬ҲԺ·׵ľͷʿȻףʵԪϼ
Ȼ׽̸ǧˣף׽кܸߵλһ˰
ҶܰնɱôԺǾԲǸ£пܣֱΪ¡
⣬̫⣬նɱʿҶȾͿһ죬˳ȻΪ£ԺԺжգ̩Ӻ֪㣬Ǻôࡣ
Ҷȴûи̫á
ףεΪҶնɱ죬ȻףǸոͻƣʵĽ۷壬󣬵λʿҶȸо˾Բ򵥣һΪѾӵкܳ£˵Ѿﵽ۷塣
ʵ˵ҶȣԺ佭ƣҪնɱҲҪƷһЩֶΣҶ˵ΣգնɱʿҲ
һ̣Ҷ̰ʿģΪһʱֱ𴫵ݸԺִݳǣĽ׸֣Ƴ
ֻҶȾ͸ִܵλĺ䶯𾪣Ȼڻûеһʱ϶ʿǲ׽̽ͽǣһλ׾ͷ֣û׽⵵£ҲԺ߲𶯡
ǿߣУԺҲ޷ݳǣԺԽǣϾףʵ̫ǿԪϼԪϣһλκ򣬵ƽκ
ԭΪ׽̷̳ȻǿأԺҪ£ܲףڽܵҶⷬϢԺ߲žǧٱִҶȣԺɳ֣½٣ҶȣҪ׵׽̷̳ɱλʿ
λѣԼһ£ҽС½Ǳ޺ܶ꣬һӴ˳Ϊֵһ㣬ܵõλֵܺҳΪʵ⣡
ʿʥǰ㳡Ƶ˵ҶǾҲ̫ܿóǵλܵͣҶ˺ұؽȫȫΪλ£𽥷չǿշķӴˣˣɱ¾Ҷһˣ
½񡱵ɽһƽ˵


368 ḱ

ʿ½һ˵ʥڡ̱ɽХʯڹ㳡ɢҲ׷ӦƺΪ½ҡ
ԭĴ룬ڣʿ½ĳ֣չֳĽΪһòɽʮ׿ʼͬͬ½
ɽȻΪҲһ㣬ɽûǿɽ޵λҲɽȻĴ٣ʱѾǼϣòֻи׳Ƴ
ʥڡһɿ𣬸Щܵƻ󣬶Ҫǻͬ½񣬿»⵽½ѪϴҲǲܡ
ϾĽκ鶼óԺһλ£һ
øεȡἰʱұҲҪ޼ħٲ֮أ
ǰ±ƿһĻϸ룬ָоףҪǾͲܾˡ
ԪӰһͳʥǰһָһʯ̶ɣǶʯ֮˶ʿ½񹧾ʩ

ڳʼ
Ȼˣ͵ʲãҪպκ鲻λۣʱԴ
ʿ½ʮǫѷؿˣ΢΢úĿ£ת¡
Ԫ͵ԺˣΪң벻˭ҪǷˮ֣һ֣ǲ֣Ҳһؿɼ
ããλģؿɼΪҾµһλտʼԪϣ
֮ϣ½һ⣬ĿԪϣͫŷһ⣬ϵɨʿ
лԪڷŷᣬ֪һĻ½࣬л
һһϣˡȻԤı
Ҷȿϸϸ˼⡣
ɽγͬˣһֱûѡΪûгһλǿߣʥڡڡ޼ħҲûаգѡһ㣬˭ҲԸѴȨóȥΪ
໥ˣ໥Լɽһֱûѡ
һᣬȻѡֱӶ޼ħ޼ħ𲻴ӦѾγͳһսߣ޼ħ𣬶ҲȻȻˡ
Ϊ޼ħȻѡô󲿷ɲͬЩɣ⵽ʥΪ׵ȻòʧأȲѿʼ˳ˡ
޼ħ˵٣ɽ˵ɣȫҵֻֿͬˣҲһ
ӿʼһʥڼƻõģӦ˵λصʿ½ڱ߻֣Ÿʥڡϵ޼ħֱ֣ɽͳһȨ
翪ʼһδͳЩɣˡ
ѾΪԪҲѾȷھѡĵӣΪ˺ĵӣͻɱԴϹ
֮ϵ½񣬶Ź㳡Хһ
ڴ߳ƯڰգʮͷʮˣĵӶʮˣѡʽȻǶ̨˭ʤ˭Ǹȿʼḱλţ뿪ʼɣ
ҡرɽţ
һλߣҷӪֱӷ㳡̨֮ϣһΪﵽɶף۷ͻ֮ƣνͷʢ
ҡաͷ
ţһţʹһӪɳվڸ̨һ£׼ʼ֡
øţʥ̳ݻˣᣡ
½Ȼվ֣Ź㳡̨΢΢һָһɰڹ̨סͷųʯơ
½ʩչһǿֶΣøͷĽ׹ȻЩɶסܿġ
䡭
˲Ϣ֮䣬̨Ϳʼͱըɸ̨֣֮вϽ֣ÿٴΣ̨֮в˸ͨ׷׽١
̨֮ڿռͨ쾳ʿоһû½ֽƣɸֶͷŵƣͿɱˡ
ʦЩ˶ɾͷ
±ƶһǰʱ򣬴¾ڽЩĵƶ£׷±󣬿ʼ
±ƾĵʧһ֮ϣǲõģЩšԾԾԣƲ磬ȥˣʵǿΪʦȥȻûжգ֮λΪʦһҪһ
񣬲ֹ±룬ţ˭һɵӵߵλûеλûκȨֻܵʹΪӣΪڻҡ
㣬˭ס
ʦ㣬úϢҲҪĵӣڵӶ±֮ʣȴѴʦ¾һԣΪֵġ
¾Ϊӣ˺ĵݵҪԣһһ±Ƹ˸߲ӻڣԣΪ˱ڣ¾ļʹʧȥҲҪȥ
ȻԴ¾Ķڶ֣ȴǺްգɽʮӵнλһ׵ӣЩӸΪ¾ǿͨʮΪʤ㣬˵
ʦãİɣʦһΪȡһɼ¾¶һ΢ЦԽ˵
ڿ¾ģаգۿʪ¾ıס
Ҫɱңҡգҡ䡭
̨ͻȻһͱըâ㳡΢΢𶯣֪жôˡ
رɽţϢٵſڵϣǺ䣬һ̣Ӱһ
ͣ
ȻΪһӰرɽŵͷ­ժȡͷرɽʬ˲һᣬûո߸߾ͷ­ſʼʾ
ֳ侲Ȼûκȥս֣ḱŷ𣬶֪յ
ֽкããһλϲ
λ˲ʹ̨ɳʥǰޱȹ½ʩ񣬲ԪҲʩ漴һ¡
ŵڶʼ̨֮Уϱըķʿľڲͨʮʿ˵ɾǿ߽֣ž޴
ܿڶλλھλ˱ɱ䣬ʣʤߣȻɾ͸¡
ɣҡڡάɽڴ˹λţ̨֮ϣһλѮߣλһΪﵽף䲻ǰλʤǰǿ󣬵ʵҲӹɡ
ҡһšУ
һλŷҲλѮߣһۣŷ𲻽ϵ
ͣ
ͣ
һӣ׷վֻΪλǿ߼͡
䡭
άɽʱ̨֣ѸһƶͬʱˣάɽӰٴһһǹϡ
һĨǱǹȻΪˮһ㣬δֹͣˣѸײڶ֮
͡
ֻգ۹ˮᴩŴ͸ţȻѾϵάɽһ֣û뵽άɽ˹죬ŲʣȻ¡
֣һУһ֮䣬ֳܷʤ
άɽһʬ嵹һ̣סˮָֻһǹɨʣ༸֮Щǿߣȴ֮ӣ׷׵ͷάɽХ˭ս
ڣ±ƣ
ͻȻӼžĹ㳡ࡢţ±ƴӱһӪɳֻǾһƳͳ̨֮С
ţһŮӣʲôϸҶαҽ֣ҶˣڲٳϹϵܺãҲ˺άɽ±ƣΪ⣬ûж˼
±΢΢һץһƮҪģҲұҪģΪͬһĿ꣬ǾͲҪٷϻְɣ
Ȼˡ
һάɽͻȻ죬ɱڣɭа񣬶±ƣ䲻һǹɱ
ǳǹոմ̳ͻΪˮͬһ㣬͵޷ܣˮ޳䲻⳯±
ɣ
еӶſһĻΪάɽоݡ
±ƺȻʧһƬƺ֮УţƬƺɢĮ֮ƴƣ
䣡
֪ô£άɽͻȻͱһƬϯȻһᣬѪǱطڣء
˲䣬һӨױѹάɽϡ
ҡ䣡άɽŵɫ԰ףҷĽ£άɽˡ
ڿʼʮλڣţϲ¸


369 
±ơ
û뵽Ϊ˸ز¶άɽͻ׽꣬±Ʋͻǧꡭ֮󣡡
άɽȻܣǿ߷׷ҡͷƺάɽ˿̣ʤȴɽһµ͵±ƣôǲȡ
ɽڵӺ٣ձΪߣ±Ӽڶǹɣ±ȴάɽ˴벻Ľ
±Ȼɳ̨λĩλ֮Ҳ˵֮ǧ֮⡣
֮ϣ½ʮλˬЦλϲϲԺ˾λ
һհ
ʮλҲ׷ױʾǱ±ƣҲȻڣѾƣʼְܸλ
ѾҲܣҶˣڿʼѡζʮĵӣϿɵӶԲμӣɵҲԣܼ򵥣ֻҪһսʤˣȻΪĵӣõԴȻбֺõģҲԱΪŵӣ
̨߳ɭɭ˵ͨǶܽ£컯ڱͿʼɣ
ӵһ̨еģ
ͻȻʥǼʮλɾӪ֮УӢƽʮλУ߳һֳ֣һȣƾͲǷ˲һͷ̨֮Уüۣؿˡ
ʮ֮һġ۹ӡһףӵһʮʵǰλ
۹ӡʮ֦ͬжʮʮӶΪĵӣ˭ȥһˣ͵ڵŸ˰
ʮӶر֮ˣĺֶײУɱ˲գۣ˭ôһ壬ҪʮһͬɱɽʮˣţҲҵǣ
ĵᣬŸոտʼʮ֮һ۹һϳȻ󲨣ù㳡Ȼ
Ϊ⣬ŷԤϵһĻһԪһۣȻԹ㳡ֵȻûԸϳ۹Ҿһλĵӵˣ۹ӣɣ
ãǱӾ͵ʲã۹ӢһЦ΢΢һȣȾȻͷһɹ籩۹Ӿʥ
Ǳӣ
۹ӻصλ£Աһλӷ̨֮˫ָһн𻨵ĳۣʮҫۡ
ǡ𻨹ӡʮ棬ʵǿ֮һɶףſףһ֪ͨնɱʿ
Ŵ˻ʬ壬ȡǶħ˭ҶǾ
ʿǹһͷ׷
𻨹ӣʬ壬ȡ
ӪҶȺȻĿλ𻨹ϣ΢΢һͷֽ𻨹ȷʮָӣƺкܴϵ
ø𻨹ӡ۹ӣӢܣʮǺģҳΪʮĵ֮󣬻ʮӣһͬ
Ҷͫ¶һ˿Ц˿ȻȫսҶȵħһֻжħаЦݡ
𻨹ӵķ۹һûһλսߣսȻ۹һսͳΪĵӡ
һʮӣÿ˶ᣬ׾ٳΪĵӣʮոտʼսҡ
½񡭡ʵ̫ǿᣬ̫Ȼܿȴ޷ȥӦȷǷֻǧ˸֣ܸ˷Ƿ׽̽ͽӹɣ
ڴΪγɽֻ˵һ㣬׽̷̳йϵΪڷ̳Ҳһ̳ûôɰɣ
㳡ź̨Ҳϴڱں󷽣ҶȴһֱĿ֮ϵ½ϡ
ϧԷΪ̫ߣҶ޷һ̽飬һ˼ȻҶԺһͷǾ½񣬺пܾɽ׽̷̳̳
ȻͷͻأȴҲпܣ½պó׽̷̳ΪֳɽΪΪպ֤һ㡣
ϣֱǶԵģһΪĵӣٳΪŵӣȻ׽̽ͽ
ôͽܣϵնɱ½ոһЩҲڿʼٽڣһжġ
ҶջڱӺ󷽣˿עĿҶȺȻǰڣһ
յ֮¾˵ϼ䣬ҶߣûڣҶȾóһֱӴ뽪ģһжڵʯ֮䷢ýȫû׼Ҳ޷Ҷǿƿء
⡭ǿϢ
ѯҶȣȴ֮УǵͷŵϢ΢΢սʱҶȵ￴ͫˮ鶯ˣȲ֪ԭ
õһöܴնɱһɶײ⣬ʦɣ϶ƽ£˳Ϊĵӣ
Ĵûзע⵽ԼǷҸɣѷ߸
ķŷһɻɸֵϢ۾ؿҶȣȷ޼֮ȱ㾹óʦ㣡
ⷬҶ΢΢Ц˱ڣʦҵʦ㣬һ˲˵һߴʦ㣬ھȥɣõʱžʮӣҲֲ
һߴʦģлл㡭ʦܣںܲ⣬ͷתȥ
ãҶȾͷִʦ¾ɻԼۣȻ뽪ڵȵһ󣬲ž̨бڵӶס
Ŷû뵽һŵĵӣϻնɱɸֵϹŷԺټ
ʮλӪĩˣ±ƺȻ۾һ˫ͫ˸ĿͻȻڷ
һͨʮףȻսңúܲң
̨֮УһλӣȻɶΪոնɱλսʿҶɾǿߣڵȴˣû˸սֶκλսߣϳΪΪˡ
˭û뵽¾ͻȻɱù㳡ʿˡ
ᣬ㣬ҿɲ£ɣ¾ȫͷűϢ±һģһǿʢڶԷ£Ȼ
ͨʮףҿɶף
᲻һЦͻȻӶֱ֣һ¾ģ

¾ͫһǵԼϯɫˣҪ䵹Ƶģ˫ȭһƣһɫĻ˲ǰ
䡫
ɶͨ쾳ʿ˵εΰ¾ĸоѣͨ塣
ͣ
һѪǰ㣬˳
ģ±ƿһĻ޲̨̽
ʦ㣡
һĶˣȻϣҶȸǵĬĬ
СӣԲɣûɱ赲󲿷ֹڣ֪¾ĲҲˣٴһɱڣˮ޳¾ĳ
¾ĺͣ٣ͻȻĬһ̻Ӷ֣źᷭһץϣ
ٿ
ͻȻһǿʥ⣬¾֮ʥ⣬һͰ̨ƶ羪һ㣬˲Ѻǵ⣬Ȼ󳯺
ʧɫûϵ¾ľȻֶΣ˫һ֣ɶ׷̩ɽһѹסᡣ
䡫
ʥ¾ϣ±ơеӣһ̣ϣʥ֮ϡ
ʥ⣬콵ٵ޵ֱӺںϣȻֻ˲³һѪȻŻһͬըգ۾ͻΪ˳
ֽкã֣û뵽¾ģ챦նɱɶǿߣã¸ͽ
Һû浹ù־챦ɶףȻôˣ
˿һĻһʱ겻ѡ
ˣ£ʦΪˣ
˻У¾ķʥЩε±Ƶһʱס¾һ˿ת
ģϢˣΪʦ֪Ҫ˵ʲôģΪʦԺһú𣬲Ϊӣո£¾ƺлҪ˵ǣƺأ˵±ƺ֪뷨úϢ
һʼɣ
ʱ򣬹㳡˵
ȻӺڷһλˣһ̨֣ʿʵ˲мɨķﲻڵӣ˭սң
˻һȻû˸ȥȥͬŸǿס
֣ɶ۷ΪңҲʮ֮һӢ̸ܶЦ˵
ﲻǱڵӣ𣬳ְɣ
ͻȻӱں󷽣ɳһӰ㳡Ŀⶼ·ɱĳҧ


370 Ϊĵ
ڣ𣡣
仰һ»ˣɿ̨һӰ֪ʲôʱ̨֮Уƴ߳˾ƺ϶Ϊһ
𣡣
±ü΢΢һ˿˵Ȼ󷽣¾ģģô£
Ҳʦ˵λŵʦܣʮֲ򵥣ʼӻţöĵȷȷǾ˵ӣĪǣʦϻеڶŷȻնɱﲻ
¾ĺȻƺͨʲô־ϲ
ϣеڶŷ
һƲ±ɫָƽͷųȥŵӣӵž׵汦ţ
ͻȻĿ͵ۣһ㵣ôͨףΪͻȻͨ˽ף
±ٴҶ֮ʣȻ֣ҶϢȫı䣬ͷͨ˽׻±Ҳǳ
øµӣȻֶΣΪĪǣԭͨ˽ףŷǷΪȫüұڣ
һ̣±ƺץסʲôҪ㣬𽥻ȻϾ㵱飬һֱûʧ
һССڣ˿ۣСӣͨ˽ףսңСӣҿɶ޵ǿߣȻҪϵ̨ӣҲȲ㣬ҵϣ
ڸ֣ﲻ˫ָ綾һҶȣŷŲҶ̫ףҪҶܾĥ
ͨ˽ף
кСӣеﲻʲôˣڵӣʮӽã˭ȥ
ûϷˣζʮĵʥڡռһ룬һ֮ѣҩѣʲôƨˣ
Ҷ̨һ˲ķ˽ǧ۷䣬Ϸڹ㳡Ļصš
ʦܣû뵽Ҳ̨ҪͰ
ⷽڱһˮ鶯ˣ˫ѹǰϽεεҧ񴽣
û뵽ҶȻ᲻ɫ̨Ҳ֪ΪΣΪҶһΪԼǽѣΪɴԶñڵӶҪ˵ΪҶȼ͡
˼˼λֵܣСӣǵ죬һƤ
ʮ֮һӢܿ۹ӡ𻨹ӵˣЦ
һλ˸ǿɱλӣɭɭĵʦҺѵõĸ֣ǣĶ֣ǾɣڲܷŹƣӪ
ͬҪƿغĵӣŽˣڲǿǶ󣬱ĨɱΪǳ±ţôߣŮڶ࣬ɫ㣬¾ĺܣһ۸ڶҾͰΪū
𻨹ӾȻ޹˼ɣа˵ɫ⿴¾ģˮ
Ҫ¾ģţǿɲҪϲŮϲ㣡һλڨڨЦ
ǽ£ҸƻѱˣӢֵܵӿʼı
ﲻˣƤӣɣ
ʿûϷɿȻһҶȣȻĿֱﲻ΢΢мһָ
СӣҪƤ㲻úţΪܣҹ£
ɶ׸֣ﲻɭɭХ˶Ϊ֮ëսͨ쾳ʿоԪ񶼿챬ը
䡫
ﲻ϶ˣȫͷų⣬һ֮ʵڰԵԪ񶼲ߣﲻץסһɳ⣬һ籩ֱӶҶȾǺɨȥ
̨ʱӿٶţ֮ռ䶼飬½ǿӡ̨˲ķˡ
߳ʥ¾ĿһĻ֪ʮԼҲﲻ֣ʱŵؿ±ƣʦʦܣ
õģ㿴һֱδݣݵݴݣʦҲ϶ɱﵣ±ƿϸţ˼һ˽ϸ΢
ﲻڣ𣡡
ҶȺȻǧףһץĽһŷŷҶɱ飬ָ΢΢һ㣬ͳﲻȥ
Ȼ
ֳ±¾Ķʱģ𾪣ҶȾȻ޴ķ
ҪСģŷܾ¾նɱǵһ
ԱߣٴҲ޷侲Ϊһεرգһͨ˽ߣôɶ׶֡
ڣҶͷŵĽ֪鲻Ԥһܰ¾նɱᣬȻܶﲻɾ޴вﲻһȡĵӣôʥʵֻࡣ
ʥƽƽʵ൱׷ġ
汰ɣҪĿŵµ𣿡
ţڹ㳡һ
ߣҾͲţһͨ˽ߣҶԿƣ
ﲻʮ𾪣ڱһ亹ģͻսͷȫһȭֱӳȥ
ݡ
һ˲䣬ӡ⿪һʥĽ˿򽣹չֱӳȭΰ
䣡
صĽ˿˲ȭײһ𣬷ضɽҡ쳹ײһ˿ȻҶƣǿشƳȭ̵ǧٿףﲻ
ﲻŵֱ˫ôģް취ԼȲٻһɫȥɰ
ȻһʮɣȻƷʲߣͷųƣǿᣬǰԵ
ﲻзѵҾûз˰ɣ
ҶȹſȻٴһץһŷֱӳﲻһ㣬ٿһ˳ȥ
ʲô
ɵˣﲻŵֱ£׼ֲסķһŷնɱɶףֱַ죬һѾ˲ţﲻû뵽ҲţҶȾȻеڶš
һŷмܣֶһţ˵ﲻ޷⣬ǿߣҲҪѲƤ
ȻЩ¾һţҶȴطãԼǿɣһһּҶдʵǿԼǿЩ
֣ѽһССͨߣȻôϹŷһ࣬ʥԪҲ˼½ֱӺЦһ
²ؼֱڸڻϽ͡
ߡһݺһ˦䣬Ų
ԪڨЦЦڣҷͥʸȫվߣΪ㣡Ĵΰɣ
ʦܣͣͰ
¾ĶᵽɤϣǾĶǣ룬ҶҲɹΪĵӣôڽˣеλԱ˵ʵҪ
¡
ﲻӶһӣͰǽɫǿữ⣬ҲܵȫۣǱĺܡ
ݻٽﲻѣ˫Ѫ죬ŷѾ׹ħؿųԼһ˻ƺСӣҪ˺㣡
ﲻб£ɣСү㣬ҪУҶҲﲻǿĺڣХ
ƣﲻ׶ŭˣɸ֣Ȼһͨ쾳СӼô޶ԣֱӻӶͳӭķһ˹ȥ
䡭
Σ֮ʱǵҲ˺Ŀ£һֻ֣ӷֱ֮ӶŻӶﲻɨ
¡
ﲻҲͷȫӳ֮ϣһȫӭ֣ǣո֣ͱˣﲻ˫֮룬ﲻƺҲԤ뵽ʲôƴߡ
ǣֱֻ֣֣֮ץסﲻһ˾˱ȫѹ
ȻһѪӴ֮еγѪȲѣ͸ɱ¾飬˼ɵֿ־塣
ڴնɱﲻ˲䣬ﲻɶȫѾ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͱҶڰȫߣӳԼϡ
ڣ𣡣
ںޱۣٿһ̨ƺ֪ﲻڷ֮£ֻǲȥʵѡ
ô
ӣ֣ɸ֣Ȼ꣬¶Ըȥ
ɹΪĵӵھ̾𡭡
۹΢΢ҡӣм̨СӣŷǷȻնɱﲻĵӣ
Ȼʮ˵ҲδǺ£ٸǿߣΪ̫ͣŷֱ뻢ڣҪɱ׾٣գʮӣΪǿӢܵЩˡ
Ԫе٩Ц֣
һǱڵӣʢɵӣ£ӶȥɣĲ鲻Ը˵һ


371 
αǴգӳΪģ
ԺˣλҶһأֻʥڡڲܼѹһ
ҶȳΪһĵӣ׷ҡͷʧɢȥɾʿһһԼһɽɾʿٶˡ
һ˵ôɾʿһɲ
ʦܣϲ㣬û뵽ͬʱվ
Ҷȴ󷽵ʥһ̣񣬶Щ䳰ȫǵжûһƵģرǺһЩΪĵĸ֣޲ðҶԻУܰԹ
Ҷúڶ棬̼ƻգҶȻѾΪĿǰˡ
ҶΪοǣ¾ӭҶлǸжģ֮ȫûҶȵˡ
ĵʱЩʱȥ̳
Ԫ򴺷ض˵Ȼ½ߣһͬʮλһͬʥ
ʣٶλǿߣʼһλ߼¼
Ĺӡ𻨹ӡ
ԺǶǺĵӣȻҪͬˣúð£šһǰվֱֱģ
кĵӣʼʮʹϵڣʹ˵Ц޶ԣǺڵӣ˾Ҷȡ¾ġ
ˣ⵽ʮΪ׵ʮλĵӹȻжԣȻʥ֮£ƣҲУ˿Ҳʮӣ
¾һˣаܲҶȵʦܣҴӴԺЩǲŻһҪСģ֪ǺҲκϣֻҪסˣʱʦʦ뿪
粻ֹ
Ҷһ̾ز¶¾ģʦ㣬Ҹ޷㿴ЩˣĸƲ磬ǿ϶֣ų켺ȶ֣Ҹᣬɱһһ²ϵңҲϵţһ£ʦҲȻûչ
ңɱЩɸ֣
¾ĲԼ䣬Լûͨ쾳ʿȥɱɾǿߣп
ĵӣ¾ĳ֪ɾʲôͨ쾳жҶȸķ¾ĵǺȫ֣¾ƾҲ·һ
ҶҲʼ¶ףЦеĵʦ㣬ȻҪаյ£ʵϻвϹŷɱЩ´࣡
У
¾ը˹֪֪Ϣжô𾪣һҲԶԸ
ҶôǵλͲһˣһɾǿߣ¾ʵڲţһͨ쾳ͨʿΪӵңҶرԶһУԼȱǿٱȴԸϾССڣһڱѵʱ̡
һУͳͳ̫զ¾ɻء
λֵܣڿĸԸҵΪ飡
ӢΪ׵ʮӣŷʹͨһһӵźλ֣Ҷ¾ģȴûаҶ˷ͨ쾳ʿɾʲôǡ
ڣʮΪЩӣʹЭ飬ĸףʥƾȻϵ򵥣ʮʥڹϵãȻѹϵȥ
ų켺Ǿ˻÷ˮ
۹аɭɭЦ֣ЩֵܣҪɴµˣ̫ƽϣֻʱ䣬ҲʱɵģҲһ
ⷬҲòúλжðǽѣʮΣȥһ߳ȥˡ
ɸ֣Ҳûȥʮʽ飬ʮɽǺͨԡ
Լ죬ʮŴӴԴµһһȥ
ʦ
±Ӵ߳ûжٽŷҲų⣬ʱ¾Ҷȥʺ
ȥһԵȺ򣬺ҹ
±Ȼԣ΢΢һɨΧˣֱ¾һԣȻҶȳ㳡ȥ
ȣݣ¥Բιƽ̨ϣǰɽֺǲƺŷɾ֮С
±ƻҶȣ羰أ
ţʲô˵ɣ֪޲޲
ҶǣȼУԸ׽̣ڣҲɹȡһĵһУȫǽڱڵϵģ±ƿһ˿ߣͲһš
ԣڹۣҶҲֻпżɽ߾Ҫߴ磬Ը׽̣ѾʱҴҪ֡
ڣָһ꣬ʲô㲻Ƿӣغ㣬رΪĵӣһˡҪ滰򡭡
˵±ͻȻۡ
ҶȾ±ʱ֣±ƹȻʼɣҶȹϵţʵҼڣȻԭ򡣡
±ͻȻֳһŷ緶ϻֻ֪Ŀʲôھͻնɱ㣡
Ҷȵţ±Ƶȷ֣ҵţɽҪѡ̫ͻȻ϶ҲҲ˽⣬йؼһϡ
˵ˡ±ɱ¾֮ȻȻֹ
ŹȻϸȷͻȻðʥڡѡΪһΪ϶򵥣ң֪ţǷ񿴳½ΪҶ˵濴˹ȥ
±ƵĽף
شţ½һΪ߲ɲ⣬ֻɾʿܿΪĽףΪȴԶԶֹ
˵Ҷ³һ仰Ϊǡף
ף㲻ҪΣףǣҲҲһôῴССɽһ
ɲǼ䣬±ʧȥ֮磬֣Ҷⷬ½ף±̫ȡ
Ҷƺ֪±ƲţȻ¶һЦ˫ֵţܿĳҵΪ𣿡
ѵ
Ȼ֮䣬±ľͷԭأٴͷ⣬Ҷ¿ͨȻֻҶͨ˽ΪʵҲʵ
ǰ뿴
һץһöҶ֮У±Ŀ⣬ܿ²Ҷͷնɱﲻķ
ûü࿴һɻ֮ʣҶ΢΢ָһͻΪһľ֮УţҶ΢΢һľͳʮö
⡭⣡㵽ʲôˣ
˲տնɱɶǿߵķһץֿԵַ±ƼֱˣҶȵˣҶʵһ㲻ɣҶ˵ĻҲŵ߰˰ˡ
ʵɽΪ˶Ը½Ϊʵǿᣬ֪׽񣿡Ҷȷ˫ʵ
±ƾˣ׽ֵ̣÷з봫ģ˵׽̣ȻԿԺ
ţҶֱһըһɣ½׽̵Ľͽ
½׽̽ͽ
£±վ½񲻵ΪǴ˵е׽̣ôڣԶ޷½ƿأ׽Ժˣ׽ϹϵҲΪԺС
Ժʲô±ƺһӣҲҸԺԡ
ţʵԺλѧӣҵƣԷֱ٣Ϊ˵±ƣҶץơ
±һƣ֪ģƣﶼԿ֤ҲΣƿʼ΢΢ȥʵ㡭λѧӣ
λѧҶȣʲô𣬺ֻһѣţ½ٷְ׽̽ͽԺʹ׽̰ѷ̳ɽĳҲŻðն׽̷̳Ժ֣Ӧϣ׽̽ͽȫĨɱ
Ѿ½Ϊ׽ҲֲϵǲԺԺԺҲŹǣ
ҶȺȻĳ±ƣԺεǿǧӣġڡԺŭһһ䣬ţҲԸһĻ
һ̫ͻȻҲûʱ俼ǣԺʱ½֡
Ҷôһ±Ƴ׳Ĭ֪ƽȣһѡ񣬾ͻ׽̷̳һ±ͻȻҶȣͷĿ⣺Ҷȣһ˰Σ޹ؽҪЩӡ
ҶȵȻԺѧӣȴǱڵӣţģҶ˵ʵ飬ΪңҪݿ֮½֪ζԸ׽̷̳룬ѾΪĵӣһȻǸ½񣬲̳ٺδٶ֣նɱ½֤²κ⣬ʥЩȻҪģ
ãѡ㣬еˣ㣬κ飬Ҷ㣬ֻҪܱ֤µӸȫ±ص˵꣬Ȼ
½ȷ̫ǿ󣬵ֶζԸȥ½񽻴£һĵӺ𣬹һᣬ½ͻټЩĵӣǳΪ׽̽ͽģһᱣôʦ㣡
һɽ𣬴ӴֻбһɣҪΪ浣ģţиǣ
˵仰Ҷתȥ
±ţȻоÿκأͷѹһʯ͸Ƶġ


372 ͻͨ
ʦܣʦ̸ЩʲôΪʦû
ջصʥţҶȾ±Ƽǰʵ
Ҷ΢ЦͷѾȥţ£Ҫʦø𣬴ʦ㣬ʦ㰲У
ԭˣʦû¾ͺã¾΢΢ɡ
λټλٽ
һɱӴ߳ĪȻ˺
ʮԽӲŸβ棬Ҷ¾ĲɫĬĬڶĩˡ
ΰ֮Уذǰĥɣһ澵ӣվñֱ֮ɭɭ½񣬹
ɣ
߸ϵ½񣬰ʮ㣬ֳ֮ģĽƸֱͷţڡԪҲ̲ס¡
ʮĵӣһ׵׸֣ŵľо½ֻҪ΢΢һŭͿ԰ȫˣ˲ɱ
½һһɨˣǶϸ߾磬ӵǿǻСȥǾޣھʱڣͻƵˣܳΪŵӣ
˵ֳ꣬ûһ˸ҷԣޱȣ½⣬Ԫ򣺡Ԫϣ鶼𣿡
һһɽһʿչزȺԪ߳ش
ã˶ҵĵԪϣԪϣ֣ŶԪú½Ȼһץһƿճֳڡ
лƺ֪Ԫжô󣬹չ˫֣ӭƿ֮Цúϲ£졣
ǲ÷뱾̳֮УԺúȴﵽǳ½Ȼһӣʱһ֮˲ߣʧ

ŨҵԪ찡ø߼ԺҲ޷Ȱ
գ֮䣬ʮһˣ͸оرˣһȫرʯռ䣬ʯ֮Уǿҵĸ߼ֻ΢΢һţˬ΢΢ʮѡ
Ԫһӣŷ˵أ̳Ȼˣ֪νɵģҿɲҪŹᣬ
ԶԣԪ˵ĺܶԣǧѷ
˶ʼʯռһգȫڷڡ
ðգ
Ҷ¾һ¾ѾڷճŹûᣬУֻҶȱ۾ȴעķҪ½ʲôҪķ̳֮УɱңΣգ
ʯռ½Ƶķ̳ãҲһռ䣬ǿʵ£̳޴󣬶γһռ䣬޾
ҶЩˣͳڷ̳Ҫ½ɱǣֻҪһѴ֮ܰնɱ
Ҷ˵ðգ˷̳һΣǾΣգؼ½Ϊǿ󣬾ҶӵвͨҲΣķ
֮֮˵ҲôҶȿʼΣ潵٣Ҳ˿塣
ٴǿΪǷëϴ裡
ͻȻڷ̳գ½ߴͶӰ޵еһ̾գ𺳡
ಡ
ţضһ޲ڷʼս䣬һʿսӴʱͿʼըȻڷëϴ衣
Ҫͻƣ
һһ׵ӣվһ۷壬½ǿ£΢΢һӦһʼͻƣɾͶס
лԸԶ㣡
һλɶʿȻһֱ̣̤ƶףɾףǲ˼飬Ȼ˳ݣĽ½ͷŵȡŻͻƶס
Һ֮ǰѾôõ׽һ¾Ͳõų⣡
½½ֱΪ̫ллˣ֪Ҫ㶯ǿ̣֪뷨
ʱ˿̣Ҷû뵽ֺô׸ֱӹҶҪͻɾüʱ
ѱȫӡͷ׽ͬͷţͷ̫죬½ͻῴߣһͨʿ֮Ϊ׽
ţ
ҶȸոսӴ½ǿ͸одһɺ¡غ־ӡһ־ʹ½ȫƣɼ걻ƿһԼƿء
˵һ½־˵ò󣬾ˣҲ޷ҵ꣬οһװɣҶ֮ԱЦ˼Ȼʼ½

½ոսҶظ仯Ҷжǿ󣬽ƾһô㹻ô߼Ҷ˵ֱ׬ˣ߼ӿҲҶ׽ʼںϡ
ûתӳֱ֮УӦÿͻͨĽסѸ͵ҶЦúϲ£졣
ʼϰһС½Ǹ뱾֮УʱգƺҲõӦһɷ֮Уӿֳ
ȻͨĽףͻưɣ
죬͵ʳ½Ҷڲͨ۷壬ƣֱӿʼͻƣңû˿춯Ϊͻ󣬱Ҷǿѹ˭̫Ӵ
ͨŽ󣬸ҳֳɣ
Ϊ˿ôͻƣҶȾͿʼıֱӴͨ˽ΪͨŽףұһͻơ
Źȥ̶һ£֪жٻ½ɣҪ½ֱ߽ͻͨף
ҶҰĲֺûᣬܰװ׷Ź˼о֮ĵҪײҪ
Ҷ׽ȫͷţʿһڳ׽оһͽ
ԶԶɣҶ̫žޣ޾½߽ΪԼͻͨ׼
лͻף
ͻȻʮ֮УͷߣӢƯۣ˶Ӧ׷׿
ӢܶվһӡʼըѪÿһαըӢͷһݣǿƣĵӿ磬ʮ֮ףһԪ׶ӡ
öӣǿɣõ̳أ̩λ㶼ݺᣡԪ򿴵һĻοޱȡ
Ӣܣʲ͵һΪŵӰɣǿ
½ǸߴͶӰͻȻˣңһ⣬ֱӴӰǷӢڡ

һɸ߼ƣӢڱΪ֮һգۣͻף̺Ľס
лʦӢܵõӳ֣ͻף۷ǿУ⳯ͶӰʩ
Ҷ·ЦӢܣʲôõģǸӣΪѴͣ
ɾƣ
ͻȻδˣͷһƵˣ˳ֻⷽ¾ľȻգ˫ֲطһɹƣ֮ͷų
һƣֱӳգ¾Ļۣ˲ı䣬ļһͨ͸Ρ
¾ĹȻõôͻɾǧ̤ɾҶ΢΢һЦ¾ıǿ󣬶ôࡣ
˶ͻƣѾͨĽ۷壬Щɣ
֪ΪΣҶȸоᣬͿһҶȾҪԼͻͨףǼӿո߼
½ѡһŵӣһʮˣʮռһ룬Ҷ¾Ȼûմߡ
࡭ͨĽףɣ
Ҷ͵ӡʼըҲһ˫ַ׷һһͻѹȥ
濴Ҷֻ̫΢΢һ£޷̽ʲôҶڲ֪֮У̤ͨ쾳һؿڣͨס
һͻͨףҶȾͨףʵĽףҲնɱͻͨףҶȫʵնɱǿߡ
ԪӢЩףҶҲѶپһвУǿʵǿնɱ
ʵʵڱ̬̩λ洫ȥ֪ǿߣҪҶȶɱǧҲῪʼҶ޷Ԥ֪Σա
ٿ
Ȼ𳡾˲תһع֮У֮ð棬˸оҲʮָ߼
ǾǱвӣԺﾲޣϣǶܳΪŵӣһͿԾǼ뱾֮У˵ССһǣԺҲǱ֣
½ͻȻڵعߴ˫ַڱ֮ϡ


373 Ժ
½װҲ˱仯׽̳ۣϢƮ죬λ׽½񣬸˿־岻
һΪհ
ԪӣȻ˫ϥֱӹʾģʿƨҲһͬҶ¾Ҳ«ư
Ǿڴ˺úԪϣ㸺ͣɽ֪ôɣ
½㣬ԪԸ
Ѿ֪ô̳ģ齻£֤Բɣκ©Ԫ򼤶ش
ͳһ̳μӴᣬãյΪ½˵˾治ˡ
û뵽˸߼λɲҪֵҪλһʿضѵطٷȥ
һҲżѰҵ
Ҷ¾δܣ׽̷̳Ҫ£Ū̳ںδжٽͽٸ֣Ȼ󣬳ûЩһ򾡣֪ͨƳԺְ֣
ʦܣܲ򵥣ֹһˣкǿʦѡˣ˿⣬Ǳڿ϶һҲӲȥ
Ǹо֮أʦܣǾڴ˺ú񹦴ɣʱʦˮ
¾СҶһƬֵ֮УĴһûһˣͳҶ˵
õģһܹţ¾ǰҶȻ䵱ڵӣѾûҪʵݸ¾ġ
֮Ҷ̱˫ۣʼյعǿʢǿԪѾΪһĨ⣬׼Ԫϡ
׽̡ھͿĿɣҶһһСļԪ񣬿ʼо΢عƮȥ
գ۹ԪѾ뿪ع棬һһ˶ɽȣ滷ɽ޴ޱȣɽ룬һ޺ǱԼɣڻǱķвСͳǱ
ɾɽ֮У洦һλλлƺ۵׽̽ӣڵ桢ˣҴ󲿷ֶͨ쾳߽ףɾʿҲ洦ɼ׽̷̳жǿᡣ
Щɾ׽̽ӣһǱ棬ѲߣٽӣŸƿҶԪ΢΢ƿϢͷǵȼǳߣɾƵɵ
ôɵ
ҶȲ˿ˮɵǶôҶᣬ׽̾Ȼɵô࣬ҪҶȫȡȥ̫ҵ۹֪ҪͶɾ֡
ȻиЩ򵥣ɸ߽ǿ֣֮ԶһƷƷʵöˣԸɾǿߣ
ţҶȴǱٽóƺõ٣ֱһ
Ԫ񿴿Ǳ½Ǳ֮УϧҲܿΪ̫ߣ滹кܶɾ֣һ֣μƻˣ
֮УҶȿʼ׽̷̳Լʮ֮ҶȲſڵӣɾǿˡɾǿߣɾסĽ׾ʮˣ
֪һһҶȳ׾ˣٶɾʿֱɾʿ࣬ʵԺҲҪ𾪡
ԭɽ֮еġɽ֮С
Ԫû͸ɽȷӡΧŪ귽λ֮󣬶ɽһȽϣҶ֪ʲôط
ڴ˵ؾ½Ǹ˼ܵȻȥ˵
Ԫ񻺻أŸ磬ʧɽ֮С
ٿ
ع֮УҶ۾һ⣺ø׽̣ʵǿ󣬲֪жٸ̳ж½־֣
΢΢һ̾׽̹ǿ󣬲ɽλ棬ʵͬ죬ҶԽԽã׽һ̫žޣԺ׽̣ûκʤ㡣
ȰϢִ߲㣬Ƴаӣ㡭ҶȿʼӡһѸɽ׽̷̳ꡢ̳ϸϸ¼ӡȻϢԺȥ
ȵȵԺ߲˼ͷӦϣԸ׽̷̳סĽضǡ
ݳϢҶȲмЦһʼչأȵȴԺ߲˼
ƮǣԺʥִ֮ܿС
ˡ
һͳ֮˿ռ䣬ţִֳһˣһץȻҶȴϢʱ䣬Ҳõˣ
һλ֪̾ҶȻջϴδϢ̫𾪣ԪŶˣȴҶȽһϢȡж
ϣҪоϢ
λҡҡͷһЦʼͷһţʼŤǰʼָɽ׽̷ֳ̳
찡ӣٶλɾ֡
ԱλһĻ˲䳤ͣɾǿߣʮλסĽǿߣҲ̫ˡ
֪ͨ䣬£°
λؿռ䣬һ֣Ȼһ˾ͳں嫵ʥǰ
ִ˵ǽȥ
ʥ࣬΢΢ۣλٴα۾ʥһӡҲˡ
ҶȴϢ
ʥ֮Уյ֮ϣ佭ƣ˳Ȼͬһ꣬Ϸ
λʥһ˼æͷţ׽̷̳˲ڽǰȻڽƵҩЩһûС
ҶȣģҹȻû㡭
֮󣬽ƾȻЦֱӵλҶȴӳޣĽǿ߶޷ɵͨ쾳ɣţţ
һλʵ䣬׽̷̳Ūô죿
΢΢һ֣ȻֱӶ˵һаͽߣִ֪ͨߵмλԪϣ
λ̹ȥ¶Ũɱ¾֮׽̡ҲԺϣҪϾɱһ
ҶȡģҹȻû㣬ΪˣԺһúõеӽ㣡Ƴüͷò¶һЦݡ
䣬ִˣ
ʱʮͶӰս٣ЩβףִǶΪĪܱȵԪϡ
䣬Ԫɣǰ㣡
ʱһλݳߣΪͶӰս٣޵ǿߣڣȻԪš
ʮλִ΢΢˵μӷϣ
λųΪԪϣҪλϣʮǫ˵˵֮䣬Ȼ͸˳
ҸλǰΪλѧҶȣ׽̷̳ϢԼɣ
ƶ΢΢һָ׽̷̳һĻһĻֳŷʮλŲ
û뵽׽̷̳ʵۺ񣬿Ժʮ֮һû뵽չѸͣ׽̩λŲʮѣΪηչѸͣһλִҡͷ̾
Ūʵ׽̵ȷз̳ҾǷΧ֮УһֱأȻûǿƿأԱԺΪ׽Ǵ󵨣ȻƤ·һλŭ˵
ԶԶûô򵥡
Ȼڣ̧ͷ¶ǿݳɣգ׽̷̳뾡쵷٣ҶϴδϢǸ׸֣½Ȼʵڵģּǿ֣߳װѷ̳ȫ𣡡
һλʵϣֻɳλԪϣԭ׽̷̳ȻǸ½ףҲֲԺԪϰɣ
һŵңһҶȣûλʵܻ׽̷̳׽̷̳̽ϸɼ׽ʵǿЩ۸ڶļһǷУǳ䲻ҶӦϣ·̳Ӧò£
ӦϣλҶȼţҲסĽ׶ְɣӦϣܣַӾͱ׽նɱԺҲҪʧȥһӣʼԵ
һţԺ˵ʲôŵӵǣúһѣԣǾ޷ѷ̳˵ҶֶΣԺӦϣ˵Ҳ˵ִһλȻҪҶȵӣҪȡᰡ
ִô֪һŵӣжôѣңҶα˵Բͨô򵥣ǸˣӦϣֱȥв
ʲôģܻԺ϶صҪʧˣǷһ
Ȼѧӵһ㿴
ˣ
ͻȻӻ֣˫ִͣ˼ҶҸᣬ׼ʱӦϣϣ֪ԪţԪɳһλԪϣһͬԺ׽̷̳
ǣ֪´޷ı䣬ǻӰʧ
䣬ҵҲǣȥ׼ʮλִڷ뿪Ҳ׷ȥ
ִԪšһЦ


374 Ԯ
øִš
Ժ֪׽̷̳ʵжӴ󣬾ȻҰǰƻӦϣڲݻ׽̷̳򿪷ӡȲ½񣬾͹׽ЩסĽǺǵġ
ɽ׽̷̳ɽȣع֮С
ʯ۾޵ҶȣͻȻ˫ۣͫһŭ⣺ҾͲţԺЩ߲㣬֪׽̵һͨλӣܶⲻǶұϣҽûңԺȻ׽̷̳֣
øԺƣǰһף˺һףȻԺںԺͱ飡
ҲҪúҪ׽бΪã󷢺ƣŰɣҲ˿պҶӱ
ʱ˿̣Ҷһֱ˽ӵĸоλѧԺǾǺĵӣÿһλѧӣǶ䱦һ㣬ڣԺȻȫΪҶȿǣ֪׽ǿ󣬻Ҷһȥ
ֱǣֱҶȥ
ҲҶ꣬Ժ½ѧӽʢᣬʮӲμӴᣬֻʣӣǲпᣬѾԺѧںȡ
뵽ҶҲԺС֮ҶһᣬԺ׶ɱġ
ˣϴ½ԪȥμҪᣬʱҪһȥ½̫ǿ󣬼ȻԪֵ½ţҾʹԪ֣
ײöԸԪֻףƷĸϵٺú½񣡡
Ȼһתһ壬ոոоͬ뵽ԪأҰԽ˲̻ˡ
ԺҶҶǶԺ˵ֻһ⣬ɣԺȻҪ׽̶֡
ھǶһҶȲ࣬һҲ޹ؽҪ
ȻԺҶ̬ȣôҶȾûҪһΪԺ룬ֻҪܻȥûŰѻȻˣ֮صԺҡһ䣬ͳΪ߸ϵĸ¡
úüƻһҶȿʼͷԪѰԪ򣬺úøٴˣץ׼ʱ䣬Ѵ¡
ع֮⣬ɽһǱԶĳǱڣҶԪѾڰʼСǱڲǱûɾǿߣҶȵ޼ĽסҲ׷ҶԪ
ĸʹҪٽӳȥ
Ǳڣӣһƺ۵׽̽ӣǧڼϣԪϷһλͽһ飬ڼ¼
ԪĿɨ飬һݼ¼һ飬ԪÿŶԪֻˣʮλɣȫͨʮ׽ӣ
ãȥȷȻǲɢӣλ˺Ϲ飬ʼǧ˽ȥ
ڣҲǸʹȴ޷̳ٹЩʱգҰʹ߹ƻ󣬾Ϳȫ㼷ȥԺɽֻʥڣûкڣԪ򿴵һĻò⡣
׽̽ӡҪɽ֮У׽Ѿʼ֣Ҫ׼ǣɽʼֻ׽һαװһѣ
ڰҶԪ׽̽һһһĻҶѾ϶׽Ҫʼ̩λ֣ҿ϶ֹǣ̩λ治֪ж򣬴׽̷̳
һ׽̾ʽʼ̩λ棬ȻСȰꡢǧ֮׽̾ͻ̩λ󲿷Ժмܣֻвء
ԪǸ׽֮̽У͸ǡԪʵҲףסȴ½̣κη紵ݶ֣ᷢ
޷ȥ̳½գôǧͼҵȥ磬ȫڵع½ƿߣһͻᱻ½ֻ֡˰æ
ҶȲ񣬲ҶɶǣֻһˣҶһ˶Ը׽̷̳͵СȥˤӣôǴ֡
Ԫ˲뿪Ǳգ۾ͻع
ơǡ
һץһɹӡҶͷųȥҶǿԪΪϴǧͼ½ǿ󣬳ˣ޷ӦҶͷŵ
ǵȳƷԪ򣬵ع̳μӴᣬʱǶ׽ֵʱ
۾ҶΨһҪľǵȴ
ɽ֮⣬ããɽƺƶô֮С
ϴȻܵˣãһССףһ;ˣһǿߣðɣϴȻҶ֣Ҿ͵Űɣ
һλ꣬ŷӵһԽãֱ˺ѿռ䣬ڸɽ֮ɽ֮С
꣬ǳħ
õϴ֮˴ѵãֻڻ䶯ʱŻУϴԺҪ̫̫λ棬һɹҵʱλָܻٷ֮һ
ħһɽۣ֮ɣƬԪ̱ſ죬һֱȥ
˿ҲҪŵû¡
ŴӻŴ½ƽӡ֮󣬳ħͲڻָ۷磬ϧ½̫ͼɽλ棬ħѾָʮ֮һ½磬꣬Ҳָֻܻٷ֮һ
˭֪óħҶȣָʱ䣬ϼ٣̶̲꣬óħָ˵زǲ˼飬ǳħ𲻸漣
Ҫһ㣬ħ˶ҶƴӣΪħ֪Ҷˣ֮УӵԶŴ˵е
ҶȲ֮ˣӵɽǧͼӵʱֻǴ˵еĴ˵ڣʮ١
֮ˣħΪħۣɽɳλ֮УҲ֮ˣеǾۣе½ţеĬĬħδ֮л֮ˣѡеķˣδй
ǧͼɽ綥֮һţ¼ɽλ꣬ɳ򣬿ȥκλ棬κȥش󣬲ңǧͼҲһ޴λ棬ҶȵõǧͼϿɣǾʹҶȾһλˡ
λˣǿɽУǳħ𣬵Ҳ־ֻһɵѡ
ʮ٣Ǵ˵еʱһ˵еĴ˵˵ħδǴ˵еҲδؼʶ
ڷ˾͵õУΪ֮ˣڷ˽׶Σõɽλ泬ǧͼһõܴڵʮ٣ֲܣһ˵õһǳš
Ҷͬʱõ֪ҶжôǿʢЩǳħҶȳŷԭ򣬳ħһ㣬ҶȾԼ·ˣ·ϣ·ˣԴ֮á
̫ʼϣСӻţӡ𣬲ãҾҪػɽ磬ӡնɱ
ħ𻺻˫ۣƺ뵽ʲôɶ飬ɱڣȻ࿴ȥƺŷʲôڨڨЦԪСӣڳˡ
ƺֻӸɽصɽ֮УɳһȺϢʿЩʿͨ磬ԪЩʿɶ׽̽ӣѰװ磬ȥоκιϢ
ͣɣ
ԪٽӣƺƵʥڴһƬƺոճͻȻһֳֻŷ췢ŭҪЩȫɡ
⡭⡭
ͻѹŵĴ֣Ԫ׽̽Ҳ˵ûκͷΪֻ֣̫ŵǿᣬķŭˣҲҪڴ֮¡

Ĵ֣Сһ㣬͵һץͰһʿץ֮С

ڰգŷûоͷûڣҲûгڣ磬Ԫӣŵû䣬ʱϢƵġ
ء
ͻȻ֮УһȼѪסֲۣһ֣ڰձ䡢š

ħǶħ
˼۳֣ʱ˺ѷβҽУΨһ顣
ǵ֮УͻȻһϹħңȻ
ˣˣҪɱǣ
Ԫнӣ˲˫ϥأۿʼͷģеŵûȥߣ
ںڰûгڵտռ䣬ֻ͸аɡɱ¾Ѫȣô˳ʧȥֿ
ǵħַһǵɣñɣ
ˣ
˿ʼͷԼ꣬ûκΪǵħ֮£ֻ̹ϣֻи
һħ壬ţǵħٿʧħħʧգɨˣǸʲôȥʲôԪҪʲôѾȥɣ
ħһ֣ڰռͻȻŤʧԪ˾淢ֳϤɽ˭ҿڹʣԪĬĬŶߡ
һȺϴǾͶˣ
ħ߳һЦݡ


375 
׽̷̳ع֮УһʯҶȣ۾ںɴһ⣬ķĵӶץƴȡڳ֮գõ½ء
Ǽһһ־ǴֱʣٺŽȫշģ
Ҷͦεҡҡͷ´Ҫ£Ҫ˼УһﲻħҪô֣Ҫô;춯ء
㶨Ԫ򣬶Ը׽üޡ
ƻһؿڹƣ㶨Ԫݿ½ϾҪٵҪᣬʱ϶Ƿ̳Ҫμӣʱһ⡣
ҶԼҪ׽̷̳Ͳô鷳ֱӺͳħɱɱˣ˭赲½Ҳħһָͷ³ħֻҪһ㣬½ͻΪ촷ۡ
Щ룬ҶǴԺѧִһóħܿóħҶй¶ȥע⣬ʱ͵òʧҳħѱǿߣ˼һ֣ȻǺ춯أ±˲֪ħ
һǿħ֣ǧ䡢̩ЩҪǿжԴʱҶֻЩӲܾʵڲ㡣
ߣԸ½Ҷʮ㣬Ҫħ֣ħڼҶɱﵣֻжԸǿУŻϣһССʿҶǰˡ
룬ҶȾͼعڲʮֻץʱо޴ҶҲвջڿ첽ͨжΣ۷ҲңԶ
֮󣬺Ȼо޵Ӷֹͣ
һͶӰ콵ٵع֮ϣеվţӵعڣһӰԪ

Ԫعһֳ֮½ʩ
̶ʱ䣬д뱾кܳ룬ٸʱ䣬֮󣬱ᴫɵһͻƵסĽף
ɵ
һѪȰȭͷ߬֨֨죬ֻƤһɵͲͬǿɾʿҩޱ
ɵֻдﵽĽϾſƣͽɾʿֻ̾ϢһɵֵһƷ߼ɵԻһƷһʿ˵ɵΪ;
ɵԱ˵⣬ǷֵñһɵúĸʹҪץѡڶ̳½ͻȻֻ˵仰һˡ

½ʧ˸оȻʣ˳˿
ЩֺԪ򣺡ϲʹˣ
Ϊ˿صĸʹ˶ֺ֪ԪֻкôûлӢӣЩȻҲͳԪ¡
ӢܣŴҶúΪĴǧҪаиԪ鼫Ϊһ֣һ£ӢҲԹȥ
ʦ¾ҶȶԱߣʦܣǼѾ̽𵤣˳̤һף
ϲʦ㣡
ҶһɨȻ¾ĵǿŽ𵤣ǿʢɵƣŷϣ޵
㡭
ʱԪȻҶǰ˫۱âȴЩӣķҶȵͷ
ҶҲͷȻԵʩ񣬲ȴݳһֱԪ壺ʹˣ
õԪȫҶȼƻȻµ뿪ǡôûаˮ
¾㱸ֻǷ硭һ¡ҪǿĹʥǹ׽̸һڿ֪ͨԺ߲㣬׼ãĿģնɱ½񣬶ЩɵֻҪϢݳȥҾѾ񣡡
Ҷ̿ʼܵشһӡͷųȥݸԺ߲㣬ݳƳ㿪ʼʥǹҪǿвҲҪһʱ빦
һ¶ʿ˵ָ͹ȥˡ
׽̷̳ǱʼķӿһλλסĽ׽ӣĽʿ࣬ԪҲУԪе㲻һЩɫһϢͷţò侲
ʦ㣬
ع֮УҶͻȻһ¾ߣ¾ģŵòУ¾СҶһߣҶֱһ֣һƮռ˰ֱʧڵع֮С
ɽ⣬ƺɽ֮Уһǰ۵Ժλ֣ʼƶڸɽΧ
ϣϣ
ɽ֮֮УͶӰֳȻǷԱһλ׷üߣϢȷҪס
ţˣˮҲλִΪﵽ׵ǿߡ
˶Էλϡʮ𾴣ϾϿԺȨߵԪųԱִҲҪԪɫ£˭ȻԪ˫֮ϣԪ϶ס߽޵
Ժһɳλλ֮ߵľվգɫ·ѧӴģϺȻϣλ俴صѧӣϢǷɿ
΢΢ͷģҶÿδϢǶ˲飬⣬ݵϢ׼ȷģϢг룬ҲҪ׽̷̳֣
ˣɫλ£λȥѧӣȴźţһźų֣Ͷ׽̷̳ٽ
ǣˮλ̻Ϊޣطȥ
֣׽̷̳λ׸֣Ѿ΢΢Ӧ룬ᱻ֣һλָ֣飬˽ң
պƺڣλԪͶӰʱʱޣ֪ںδͨ޵С
ʦܣʲôط
֮У¾û뵽Ҷһͬգ۾ͳһ޷֮С
ʦģҵ֮ԴΪѾƻãҪ½֣½ҲǴ˵еа̣׽һǿӣһʱҲ޷˵ѾҪ˵ĻԼһһ
û¾һףҶȾͲˣ¹¾ģʼһϽ𾪱顣
̳գҶȴճֳϢûܸӦȫǧͼʱԴռ䣬˿衣
ȻΪԪϡһλԪͥԪϣΪȻףԸ½ģȻҲˣããȻҪɱңͱĺݣ
¶ԸҵģϴµģԸңҾʦͽ޻أ
ԺɳλԪϣҪԸ׽̷̳ҲףԷҲ׸֣ܾˡ
ĿǱȻע⸡ɽΧǿѾܸоԺѧڰλѧӾˣͨ쾳ѧӣҶԼʼɵĳǱȥ
ᵤҩҶȵһҪ£½񣬾ͽԪͥЩԪȥԸ
ɵɵӡ֪½ϻжɵͷˣԪͥ½񶷸һȵ½֮ʣٳ̫Դǿ̫ȱٵģ
ǱϿգҶѾӦ·ǿʢҩϢϧڻ֣ܶһӣǾǲԺõ½кôԺߣҪᱦ
ҪҶϲҲóɵ£˺£ǧѷ꣬Ȼߡ
Ǳڲ
ɽһ
ʮλ׽̽ӣƺۣǰ½Ƕʥ̨һͼͬʱ¹򣬸߾˫֣ͷ
޵У
½ˣٴζͼͷн϶һׯϣ˿£ŷǿеġڿǣǼɵ
ôװͳһ׽̽ӣͬʱ¹ͬʱͬٶͷݣȥа̣аɭɭ
ɣǵϣǵϾѾܵ
½վת֮ϣһӣӷ׷ζŲᣬǱڸоκ춯
ˣҪҰ
˶𾪣ֹֻԪЩ˸ľͷƵģ
ԪܲھҪ½֣½ʲôˣףԪ£ΪиǿĳħΪɽ
º½۹һɨη̳չͷһжȻǱԳˣӴԺ˾ǵĻΪǱݻǻչķȻλʹۣʼ㱨չ
̳һ꣬ɵһһǧţһ
̳ķռʯǹȥʮҩٵԴ⣡
һλλ׽̸ʹʼվ½㱨չ
ãʱ򣡡
ԪƺҲﲻסˣͻȻ˸߸߷ȻڳǱڣ½˫һ֡
½ڽƺû뵽Ԫ־ٶʶǸ½񣬶ʱţã
䡭
½ովһ̣һɻʥ⣬ԶħֱͬӴ½󷽳֣½ûüӦ˾ͱʥûţʥͣһ£ڳǱڱըǱ˲˳


376 ϯ
¡
žķ̳ɽȣǸʥǱͻأıը˲仯Ϊʮλ׽ǿ߱ڳ֮УͬʱըΪһֻ֣Ѿ޴ӡײ
ɲǼ䣬׽˽ӣ޷վȣʧȥģֿǱըлΪޣڱըµȻ޴档
䡭
ɱȥ
ΧԺѧӣƺǰͻȻ͸һ£һһָһΰֱӳϯȥһըըһͨܿ׽̷̳ڲҳһƬǱΪ棬Ŀȼš
˲䣬λ׷һ׽̷̳ӡֱ˺һλλסĽǿߣʼס˺ѿڣǿ˷Уʩչ󷨣׽̷̳һУʼݻ
̫ˣһжԤ֮УҾ޷գҲգ½Ԫͥǿ߶һɽɽҪΪ
ҶԪ֣ȻַźţԺְѷ̳Χס˫ѾʼɱҶһ˲ͳƵҩǱ֮С
ȫյ
Ǳڣһλ׽̸֣ƺ֪²ãýӿʼƵҩƷҩƷ׷׵һ֮У󶦣ȻһǺͶᲢۡ
׽̽ӣʼжʼŸɵĲϣʼ浹ܴ˲Ϊҽ
ôǱȫҰɣ
ͻȻһӰվڴϷȻȫ˴Ƿ棬һƶŴһץ󶦾Ȼ֮С
һǱеı׽̣һǱ
Ҷֱȡ󶦣ʲôҶʩչ̫֮£κҪĨɱҶһԼɱ׽̽ӣмһЦȻλˣɵһбｻң򡭡
ͽλɱλ˾Ȼݣһľ䣬ŷϴˣһȳ⣬λ׽̽ӿʼҶΧ
ȻҪҾͳȫǣҪΪĽףǰ
Ȼ׽̣Žһģһ¶⣬ҶҲٹ˼Щˣ˫ֿʼϹطӡŶų׽̽ӣһȭʥ˿ٻ磺컯ȭ컯磬
ŷԣǿߣɾǿ߻ʮˣҶֱʩչ컯ȭһʽȻ˲䣬һʥȭӡڳǱڲ˲䱬ʶʥ⿪ʼ
⡭ʲô
λǴۣһϢûеߣȻ˲䱬ʥΰۿһʥ֮УңȫΪ׹ǣŷһ˳Ƶġ
Ҳɣ
ʥ֮УλĽ׽̸֣Ȼ޷֣ʥѪԪ񣬸оϾҪ𣬶ʥȻʩչĽܣһɺ׹âһ̳ͨͨȥ
һ֮ͻȻ٣Ҷһ̤֮ͨϣһͨˣҶͻȻֶĽ׸һץǸҲһһǳȻ׺سҶȺ
Ľסȫ޷ɴնɱȻˣ̫⣬ӳ֡
һһʥǹˣڹʥǹ֮ϳְ߲صģӡ̫֮Ҷ͵һץԷǳʹȥ
䡭
ҶͨףնɱףȵնɱĽףЩʩչ̫⣬ĽҲֻ·һңǱ֮ڣ컯ȭݻţҶȲ֣׽̸ҲҪˣ
̫ӳֵĹʥǹֱӴ̱׽̸ֹȻԷŴš
ݡ
ûȸֶʥǹȻʼնԷ徫Ǹ־ؿԼװױߣڣΪʲô˶Ϊ˰׹ǣǸҶֶͨΣ
˽ָȻǱⰡǧƺõɵϡ󶦣Ƿһʺƣȥ֮󣬿ɵȥ
Ҷȴ׽̸Уõ䣬ɨһۣҶЦúϲ£죬һͳǱϷ
ֱӸ𣡡
ҶȰ׽̽ӿϣ˿ҲںֱӶųǱʩչĶ֣͵һץǱˣмλǿûûͱҶ˲ɱҶҲõϣдʯ
ԺѾɱˣɣ
׽̷̳ӡȫ߽⣬ʮԺѧӣˮɱ˽ҶӰһʧ
ˣңң
ǱĴƬ֮УԪȻǱطɳ˾ߣڳҶԮ
ҵꡭڡڡ
ûüߣԪ˫ͫʧȥ˹־رͷ˫֮ͫУһӰӰָһԪͳû˶Ӹ߿׹֮С
ԪˣȻңȴ㡭
ҶڰԪȥݣ֪ͨħöԷԪ׽̽ӣȻڳħǿ֮ͨ£Ԫ걻ո䡣
̳
ʱճһͨ׽̽ʮλ֣׷ͬڲ߳һǱˣӵһ¡½ŷҶǵ͵Ϯ£Ⱥǣ˲ᡣ
½÷ζ챬ըգøԺԪȻǵˣû뵽Ƿ̳ᱻԺյλԺЩѧӣͳͳɱ
ǣ
ʮλ֣ȫסĽ޵ǿߣȺʼɢȥôɾҪ֣˵׽СС̳ɽҲҪ
λѧӣ׽̸ͨ쾳ѧͳͳ뿪λѧӸɱʹ죬׽һӻųȥ
Ҫķӡ֮ϣ֣׵ԪϣԪͥˣһˮλִҲֱλѧӣķʼɱ׽̷̳
ʱ䣬ɾڽ֣һԿȻը˲Ͱ׽̷̳ǿȴǧٿ׵ķӡ飬һǱκνҲΪ׽ͨ쾳ӣգ֮䣬ڻҡ
һЩ̤ɾǿߣҲͨ쾳һ
䡭
Ժ׽˫ɾǿ֣˻ͬһʱ䱬ںһ𣬲һתըƻ˲Ͱ׽̷̳ݻ٣ǳɽһɽ塢ɽֺȻҲ򲻶ɢһ翪ʼΪ촷ۣΪ
κμʣʯʯҲ޷˫£һӣͳͳسΪپޣҲС
󣬻ϯ˳ɽԲǧ˷棬󲿷ʧȥƣ˲俪ʼɽҲʼ𣬳Ϊ棬ƻ죬˸Χ
˸ʵ֮ʣܲǿͬʱֵĲɲǼ䣬һ˲䱻ݻ٣ǧʿڻҡ
ʮɽһƬ֮أɽΪƽأ޾棬˽ǧʿɾǿߣͳͳɾǿҲ˶Ӳдػţ֪׷ʲô£Żƻ
ɽ
ķɸ֣һ̸оǹɻ׷ͶͶӰɽ֪׷εȴ£ҲϵǸ
찡ǣԺԺ
ǧͶӰɽգǿ߸һƬ棬ִַԺͨ쾳ѧڳˣɾǿ߾ˡ
ǶɢȥɣԺڶԸ׽̣ǵ£
ͻȻͶӰǰɾǿͶӰǰӶ䣬һΰԽһɾƣͶӰ˲ɡ
ǡףǿߣ
ԺԪϽˣԪϰԪ϶ˣҪԸ׽̣Ҫʵ㣬ԺǶģҪǲ˳ۣҲ£ˣ
Щɾ֣ҲǸͷƽҲҲԺӣڣԺԪϣԪʲôˣҲҲһܿЩͷ˲ûƢ
գ
ɽһƬ֮أȻһʥ⣬ʥٿȻţ±ƴһһɳ
ţԺѾ׽̶֣ǿ뿪Ƿ֮أܣʮ֮һҪΪ棡
ͻȻҶȴ֮߳һۣûиıݣһץͰʣʥ֮Уоƺء
ҶΣ֮ʣ־±½ӡ
±ӣŷأһƬţʼëսɽ˲군ˣʲôֶΡ
ŷģһԺǣӴˣǣԳΪһһ߰ɣ
ҶӺûʱ䣬ֱһ֣һΰͰ±½ӣ׾ɨˡ
ս֪Ԫͥˣܲʮ֮ڣ׽ɱþ⣬ڼ䣬ҪѰµӣĸնɱˣ
޾棬ҶͥŲһڴ㣬ʼҪ԰ĳ֣ҶԺΪ£϶⵽漷ѹʱʱΣա
磬ھͰв
׽̵̣κ鶼пܷҪɱףһնɱû˻ỳҶȣֻΪǱ׽ϸնɱ
ԣҶȱ޼ɵʼѰҰϢ


377 
䡫
ɽأըڲ˷ɢԽѾԽɽΧɸͷŵƻҲϰǴػΪŷ档
˫ɾ࣬׽ֻ½һλǿߣԺǷԪͥǿߣԪ֪ͥͻжʱ½һսδսؼ
ֻɳԪͥһλǿԪϣϷԸ½񣬿ƶԪͥʵкܴģ½׶༪٣ǧӲ׽̸ҪȣͻΪԺвͣһһ
ҶȻɽڲȥ;Уһ׽ɽߣԺλѧ׷ɱǣ¶Ϊս
˫˭ʤ˭ܣҶиҪ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣҶѾɹɵɵǻ̫򣬿϶ǧɾǿߡ
һһ죬߽ǿߣ̫ɵȻᷴԡ
ôһλǿɵҲҲõģҲֳɵģҶȾֻܿδʱ䣬һλλɸֵˡ
ٲҶȵģ̫Ƭλ籩˭ðս룬룬Ҳ쾵նɱκˣ޷նɱɾʿҲҪƤ

һƬʱԺλɶ׸֣ڲɱһλ׽ɶ׸֣һȻ˶֣λ׽̽ӣԺλѧϣ𣬻˾һա
ң˻ѶԷʬҪ֪ʬ壬ûԺԻϺô´ͣһ㹻пܾͳΪ£µӣΪˡ
Ҫ֪ɶԺȻλܸߣ滹סĽףԽЩпܳΪ¡
䡭ҪŹˣ
һƬϿգֻӣԺһλѧӣڲɱһλɶ׽̽ӣ̫пᣬһλѧӱնɱ׽̽ҲһˣȻҲӲˡ
ҶȾһƬƬ棬ۼɸ໥ɱеԵҲм˶Լˣмʮ˶սֳӦӲϾ
޷׽ϢˣȥƳӦĵһжģƳ
Ҷɽ룬ȴ֣Ѿȫǣңʬ壬ȴûмκˣƺսͲ
ͷҶȿʼӦƳڣһЦϼ޻ʮֲöԸ˵ɱף˲֪ɱ
Ŀǰֻһ취նɱģȡΪģĿ䲻⹥䲻ð޷뵽һ֣Ӳ뵽µݡ
뵽ҶڨڨҪɱҶһҲ˽⣬Ӳ֪Ҷʵ֪ͲҶ濹⡣
ҶԼҶÿζɹĹؼڰǰҶûʲôܿԣǿʵҲ޷նɱ෴ᱻ꾡ְ취ԸҶȡ
º֮жδ֪δ֪ҶȺһ㣬Ψһһõ֮еˣҲΨһһˡ
ſģٸ磬֪پ͸ǿǵǵķ׹ռ䣬λ֮У˵õҶֻЩеһˡ
Ҷд󣬲κ˷϶Դһˣ죬Ժλ֮ҶȲСģ˵ԸڰϳԴ
Ҷһֱκ˶һ㣬ԴСĽرԼŻһ·أɾʵ
ҵƳϢˡ
Ȼջ˫֣Ҷȳǰڵķ缱ٷȥ
ɹ޾棬ѾɳɽΧһƬ֮УɸֶսĻڲ졣

һײͻȻڻշƬΪ棬һһҷŻ棬Ϸգʬζ
λ⼸˻뿪޷ԪϽ񣬾ɱˣ
ƳġϹٷѩһĴ֣λѧӣ׽ӣΧʮȦʮһһڲһ״󣬹׽ߴ֡
ʮ֮УƳΪߣĽףξġϹٷѩЩµӣףˣɶףµӣλҪͲ١
ƳʮѾɹɱü׽̸֣һ۵׽ȺҲʡ͵ĵƣӲӡ
ʮñƣ
ƳͻȻվգżġϹٷѩҵȾˣʮ֣˲ӡһ֮ıʮԪһʱ֣оȻݱ֮ߣǹʲôС
ʮñɶסѧӣ󷨣ʮΪһ飬ԶԿǿߡ
˿֮ϣƺ֮УҶ̤ƶһͿƳΪģҶȼġϹٷѩˣλλѧӣʩչʮñסʮأ׽ߴס

Ƴʮ˲䷢ʮñֱֱֳУеİɾ޴󣬺ڴ֮Уʮ˫ֲϱ仯ӡ̹׽ߴ֣һ⳴˺Ҫնɱߴ֡
ʮñ֮УʹôǧͼҲֲ˼ͻᱻɱ
˴涷ҶҲΪȣ˫ʮñӡţһֲ֪ٴҪΪ档
ƳϣʱͲĶ֣ʮñһʧȥһˣ󷨾ͻ߽⣬ȻٶĶ֣
ĿƳϣڴˣҶȻûе⣬оƳȽϰͬſúأԺѧôĮԸһλᣬҶգ·սⳡսһʱܽġ
Ƿ֮Уһһ֣ͻףΪԪϣȻɱ׽̸䣬һһ
֮ʣҶҲս˫չ죬¹ȥսһֱûֹͣԺɳٵӣûм׽жսΧغ򣬶Ը©֮㡣
ҶҲλԪ֮һ
׽֮У½֮⣬סĽ״ڣЩǿɶԺ¼ǿߣƳҲ׶Կֻаˮ£ʸս
Ǹݽɫר׽Ľסǿ֣߳һһ׼ÿγ֣ɾ䡢ɱϣԪϣ֮𣬾ǿߣҲڷ£߲ʮУͱնɱ
Ƿ׽ǿһԺ֪жλѧӣҪ׽УԪϵҪԡ
ˮȻҲĺܣʵǿأϺ꣡
ţҶҲǧ֮⣬ܵˮڴʮλ֣׷ɱ׽̸֣һλѧӣ֮ɱ׽ףĶӣǿʵҶȿ
¾£Ȼ޵С
ҶֶΣɱҡͷԺ£ƽĿȴɱ¾
Ԫͥ½Ȼûж֡
ڣҶȼս׾ƵλؼԪͥ½
׾֣Ȼһֱԣȴ֣ǲ֣ǿһΪԷʵ࣬ûаսԷնɱˣ˶Զ֣һ֣ѡ
һǶҪ֮һڿƽ˾ãǿ籩꣡
޵и֣Ҷᣬͬʵ൱Ϊ죬˫ûа֮£ᶯ֣ⲻǽ֮սһ֣ǽǷӿɱ¾
䡭
ҶȾս֮ʣ꣬ͻȻ·ʼһǿ᲻ڷҶȵͷһϳЦ
ƳĵʮˣʮñߴѹƵÿҪ֮ʣ˾Ȼͬʱһðź׵ķߵһΪһɫֱӰʮñ飬Ƴʮ˱ôѪ
׽ߴ֣˲ʮñ֮Уˣץסᣬŵ˷ȥ
Ƴ˵أ˴׷
ಡ
˲䶯׽ȥ׷ȥǷպһλ׽̸ӹĲƣ˸ص׽̸׷ȥ
ˣ
ȻվҶƯƺ֮УӰһֱƿնȥ
ӣ
ɳսڳɽ֮Уķ׷׽̸֣ԽԽĻһץһְУʼᷨӡ׽̸ַһ
ţϢôˣ
֣ᷨҪ֮ʣͻȻһƬֺ֮ͣȻҲӦ׽̸Ϣƾʧ֪ȥ˺δ
ɶ񡭡ˣͷŭʨӡ
ٿ
һ磬䲻֣һʱȻû֣֮ʣתһ̣ͷһֳֻץٶ֮죬֮ǿ޷Ӧ˱ץ֮С
εεΡ
ĵգȻһεѪڷ֮ϣͻأؽƬգѪ̧ͷһ֮ϣһλǿ֣֮ժȡһͷ׽̸ֵͷ­
ǰ㡢˭޷ӦκݱԴŷԺͨĪԷֳնɱ׽̸֣˵׽ǿߡ
ģ㿴˭
ҶͻȻս٣ΰ־ʥա
޷Լ۾Ҷͫȫ𺳡㵣ҶȡҶʦܣô㣡


378 
ֱ飬ζѰҶȣڣҶͻȻզе㲻֪롣
ǸϾ̾ͷӦ𾪻Ϊ㵣Ҷʦܣͨ޵Улնɱ׽аͽͣʦܵģ
ģͱϷˣǰ㻹뷭ڽʲô
ҶȵһӺȳΪҲ֪ҴԺִ¾ʦԸɱҵİɣ
װһίĺܣһѱһᣬĵʦܰʦܣ˵ӣʦִԶִּʦһ񣬾Բ˵ǿͬʦֵܣôӺʦܣݣ
ǰϷģ㻹Ǹû뵽ǿɣ⼸겻ڵôˣѵûϣ
Ҷ˵ʦһɱңҳΪλѧ֮ҲףΪΰҪɱҰɣµӣֻ£ʦۣССһλѧӣ
ܺãܺá
ƺҶһ˵ģɫһ䣬˫ָǸղǸΨΨŵŵӣֳλѧǿȻ֪һУôѵɱңҶȣȷ˿ۣʲôˣµӣԺӵжӵԪҲ߿һۣɱңԺҲԺȥ²Ź㣡
֮ûɱ㣬֪ʦʲôıʲôϵһˣҰɣԿǷһ
ֱĿҶҲٶѿֱ࣬ʵɷƵûаĵв
죿ʦܣʦµӣǣ̩λһţʵҲǱô򵥣ԭǼɵ죬Ǹãǵʦ֣÷ңһȻŷץסƵġ
͡
ͻȻһִֻͷ­͵һģĸûκηͱˣؼѪ˼صҶȣ³󼸸֣㡭㡢ú
žһĲһᣬ˾û׶λѧӣµӣôˡ
ٿ
Ҷһķ磬Ѹ;ģգ֮ǰľͳΪһ߰׹ǣҶΪģͬװκңϢҲһģһ
ԭĿУ׳쵽ʲôϵкı֪˸һ֪Ǹ
һЦҶȸЩɱģ˷ʱ䡣
Ҷ˵ҪɱΪųв⣬ǴӰϣ֪ϵ͸֪кμƻʦͽϵ˵죬϶֪
ҲǸϹŴתȻȲˣһָǰͷǳ£һˣҶȱҪ֪֪ˣͷβ˽һϣƶƻնɱ
һսʽ׽̱¶̩λ棬̩λ治ǺƽȥǽսʱҶҪѵһ
Űɣھӣţ֪֮󣬻޶ԣ
ģαװɶԷģȫһ⿴޷ֱα
ಡ
һҶȾʧ
˵زԲﶼģ
ҶȾͳããĴϿգԶɽսɾǿ߲ʮͻϹ
䡭
һףĴؽ٣ɽɽԭ³Ϊ棬ɢ
ʦնɱҶȣӲթ쳣ӱˡ
Ҷͨرƣݳһȡ
ϧ̫Сδ֮ʱҳ֣һʱնɱв
߼ҶΪôƣҲ㵽Լӵնɱ׵ֶΣԭ֪Ҷ֮ޣȴҶȳ֣ҶȣѾǵԹǸҶȡ
ʩչǧͼƬʩչ󷨣ý磬ƬȫǸ룬ںϣκˣһҶ壬ǽƣҲӳȥ˲봩ռٶȡ
Ҷʩչǧͼһ̣κҲ޷ռ֮ߣɾûٶȣֻ˲ٶȣϿռͨҵ֮϶ӳȥ
ҶǣʩչǧͼΪֱڴǧͼƿ֮УȫǣȥôҲ޷ӳǧͼ
Ҷȡ
սһһˣոɱλʿλ֣֮ʣͻȻյҶĴݶԮ
֪֮󣬰ɱڣʵǿᣬĽףȻ޷Ҷȡӵʲô߽ͨףδ̤ɾȻܶԿĽףǱȵ컹Ҫţ
ٳɳȥٸʮ깦Ϸпܲ֡һҪδǿ˹֮ǰնɱ
Ȼ֮䣬ŷ𿴳ҶȲǸССǵһͬȸ֡޴в
ףΪεҪһնɱҶȣ˵ȷǸ̥ǸհԶͿҶǸвֱӶҶȳ֡
˫ֽܳӡķɢȥȻתĿͻͻͻؿ͸ƺ˻Ϊһ裬ʯʹԽռȥ
ˣ
Ԫ΢΢һҶȺȻ۾գǰһλѧӣһ󷨣ȻԻ۷
԰ΪֻҪһɨܿҶⷽȻҪΪ˶ԸҶҲ㹦

ռȻŤƿնǿٶȿó棬Ͽռͨ͸ϹˣٶȼҶȲ죬ԶԶԽһĽס׾ͷ
ͷǿɱӸ߿շھУ˵ҶȷʵģҶںδ
Ҷ̳󣬳𾴵ʦʦҶ˾֮УʵȻӶòʤʦɱ
ΪʦȲƺУ
ϽĲûһȣͳȥɱˣ˫һƺ綼Ӧ֮УȻͫǿɱȻҶϢдУΪʦɱȥһҶȻߣӲòɱٸᣬʱҪ֣
ĴҶȿʼ󷨷ȥҶҲ׼֣ڸոǰһ̤УͻȻɫһ䣬˳Աշȥ
ᣡ
ͻȻ仯ҶʵûϵΪ˶Ըпռ䶼ƿأֻҪһӲȥġ
һʱ֮䣬ƬպȻһľޱȣռڱ仯ƺʲôҪǿͻƳȥ͵ȫڿռ֮ϣȻãɲʱ䣬ʱգۼ䣬仯ǿ֮С
Ȼռ䡭
Ȼ侲ָǸ߸ƣǿգΣǼʷ籩ƺʱܰһľ
ʱڿռ֮УҶ˳Ϊ⿴Űû뵽ڵżˣ
תȻɫʵը˹ΪȻ֪ԷʩչֶΣжô죬ֻܹ䣺˭
˭Ѿ³˰ɣҶȻ֣˴ıΪģһۣƯա
ҶȡȻ㣡д㵣Ҷ˵ȻţѾµóﵽ˭
Ҷȵʹ˻ȵסȻı֮ǰƻΪλ֣ΪλҶֻѡ񣬵һңڶ·һѡɣڵˣҿûģ
û뵽Ұˣڣȴơ
ڻǼֲס˼ֳ̬꣬ӣǷϴ񣬼£Ϊ̩λ绽꣬ɣڣѾûѡ
ССλ棬Ҳһߣ꣬нգѵװ׿һи֮Ҷ֪һܾᣬһʹ࣬ǿʼμӴס
Ϊ£һΪ춯أҶȸ˵ǳ裬־ͷԸԸֳ裬־ͷɱ
ž޾ǿգ˾ţһ£ҶȼҪ죬ôͷȻ֮·սᡭ
Ȼر۾ö˵㶯ְɣ
ĹȻᶨܿóΪΪҶ𣿼ţϹŴתôǰװô꣬ȻҪҾһ̣
ҶȲҡҡͷû뵽ѡ񣬳֮⣬ֻһ𰸣ǾڰУҶȻ޷ȼ磬ԸǿҶ
Եѡ
͡
һ֮شţ⼸£ѧĭһᣬ˾ʧȥ
ϧˣһǿ߾ôˡ
ɽ˲ųһ˻ˣôҪǿ㣬Ҿͻͨףﵽ߽ͨף
Ҷ΢΢һʬƯһɣգ۾ͱ֮Уһ£һ߰׹ǡ


379 
ꡭ
ƮǣԺǬʥأһƬؿռ֮УƯһϼ̨ڼ̨֮ϣƯһ޴ƽ飬Ժһʥѧ޵ʶɡ
һӻƽڲգۼ䣬ƽ黯Ϊһλ꣬ʮģڼ̨գϳ
²
ʥȻۣͫɫƺûһʥ국̾һΰͶӰټ̨
һʮλʮλܣԺصǬʥأǸ߸ϣ޴ڵԪϡ
һλԪͶӰʵʥ·
λԪϣոհ֮ˣϢȫޣԪʧ£ˣ
ʥʮλԪϣһɣ˵
ʲôʮλԪϣ˲䷢̾Ϣ
ʥУĮ˵ʧǣҵķӦڲģص㣬Ҳֻ֪øλԪ䣡
ΪͿףΪԪϣԺΪϹŶ֮һ䣬˭ϢɱһѶϢҲûݳһλԪ̾
ˣ
ȻһΡӰ䣬ƽֱ̨ӿʥʵʥԺϵĴڣѵ鲻ںδ䣿
䣬Ȼϣ飬֮ҵδγɣֻһˣʧǣ䣬̣ܶأΧʥ΢΢佭ƣȻĮ
㶼ӦЩˣȻҲûϣλԪϣӧμû뵽䣬ҸղյϢԺѾȫʤ󲿷׽̽ӱնɱֻ׽̷̳̳ûж֣ʮǿᣬʵǶעЩ΢⣬Ҫʱ֣Էһ
ƿʮԪϡ
ǣ䣡ʮԪϹشȻһһʧؿռ䡣
ʥʮλԪȥķˣƣ䣬Ҹܵһ΢΢ЩϤϢϢ԰¶֣صʵ̫пܣ˾ǱԺѧӣһֱǱԺʵɱ£ֻԪܶԿˣ
£
һŷƮǣƱ仯ڱ仯
ܱҸӦȻǱԺѧӣ˱Ժѧ˭ܽԺ䣬Ҫע⣡
˵仰ʥֻΪΪ飬Ưڼ̨֮ϣŷڳ˯һ㡣
ȻԺƺһƵ͸ɣǿߣʱ˿̾ȻҲֱ顣
ǡ
䡭
˭˭ȻϢˣ˭ɱ㣬Ҷú
룬ʥһȭ飬ߺ޲ѣʦȻˣȻӦ
Ȼһλϵµߣһ²ؿ죺ˣˣ
ȥǴݻ׽һ̳û뵽׽̸֣ɱ֣Īǡ
תߣüʵһĪǾ˵λ׽̸Ϊ
һҡҡͷ˵׽̣ɽλ棬ͬλ棬Ȼɳ½磬磬ҰĲ׽̲ܶԸģ׽Ե첻ɾǿߣֻҪס߽ףͿԾնɱ
ɶ׽̡Ȼƻһͳλ棬Ҫ̩λںϣλɽ磬ܲ壬׽̾ȻһţҪ𣬼׽ɽλǰﲻɽ磡ŭֹ
һȰǲò׽̵ˣʵڲ˳λ棬͸ɴɷصɽ磬һԶɽ𣡡
ɽ̸ףףҪָʵôףҪԸ׽̣һеˣҪõλ棬ɹҳɾ壡
쿴磬ͷǿҵ֮ŷףǵ콵ٶ˼䡣
ǡ
꣬սβ
ոսǣҶȾ͸ӦƬսַأֻɢɢսԺʮѧӣڴɨսҽսڲΪλǿԪͥ½Ȼûж֡
ǿߣһ֣Ͼ춯أԺѧӿʼ˺ͳʿ̵ת׷뿪ǡ
ϵϾҪһ۷ս֪Შˡ
ûҶ𣿡
Ȳã֮Уһٶλλѧӣڷˮλִ£Ʋصȴš
΢΢֣Ƴʹһ߳ΪĽΪƳЩλѧУλȻһȡ
ƳԷϣʱûҶʦ䣬ԴҶʦܴڲϢһ̣ҲûκϵҲ׽̷̳жٸ֣Ҷʦڲǿ̣Ȼַ֣¡
ˮλִƳⷬ˲Ҳף϶˵εȷЩΪΪԺȥô˳ǿ֪жѧ䣬ҶĺܺãȻܰ׽̷̳ǿ߸ס׽ڵһʱ޷ֹҵȣҶȣͻγɶž棬ӲƴԹ
ҶúܺãΪԺ¸֮ͣǰ»ԱúտҶȡˮ΢΢һ̾
ȻλִĿһԣһľִѻṦͼӳϣһӰˣΪԺĹ٣
λҶ˹ͣѾִԾԪŵִǲҪ̫Լһ£ǰѷµʲôˣˮһλ
̫ˣϣ£ҶϢˣƳϼλŷۺϲ
ֽкãããһֱҶȣȻǺģǱ俴еܴ׽
ˮ쳣ϲɨλ˵ţԺˣ
ಡ
һƷԺλλѧӣ˲俴ȥУһѪǱӰӣٽһͿԿףҶȡ
ҶסţѪոսһɱƵģԺ־ϲط
ã
Ժ֣׷ֽкãǺףҶȣǿ϶޷úվǲǰҶȵ￴ϾʵҶȰˣ򣬲֪жѧҪ׽̸¡
Щ˶ʶ׽̸ֶΣ֣֮׽ֲ̿ԶҶȣǷĸл
μӸλʦ֣ϣ£
ɱҶȶ˼ʩͣŴ˿ȥ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ӭҶȣҶȣǴѲк󸣣ΪԺ湦չ涨ΪѾ嶩£úϢϾͻӭս
ǣ
ҶҲԣʵʵع֮УѧʺҶ֮䣬ͨ񣬿ʼõλѧӿ϶
λִȻִҵĵˣ
ع֮УҶҲͰѷ˶ԻһĿ΢΢һɨִλɱڡ
λ
Ȼһ䣬ɱ£ǿƣɢλѧӣľս
վһɻ󲻽ѧӣҡҡͷ̾¡ˣ
ʲô
һٶλѧӣʱը˹ֱ̾λѧϳֳ
ˮһ˲̣£Ȼˣ
ôúõһλǿߣȻôˣִλӪһڿɲ˽£ǹغԺҲòҡ
ΰ£Ȼˣܰɣ
λѧǣһ̣ʼ侲Ȼ𾪣Ժʮ궼û䡣
ԺʵǿϹŶ߸ϣλѧӶ𾴣أǾ֧֪䣬ŷ֧˲ȻƵģĴ޴
ң»Ժǿʵ޷սʤ
Ժ߲㣬ѾӦԪʧ
ȺһҶȾգڻָ˷Ӧôǿңţȴڿ֡
λѧӿʼžˣĬŷΪУ
ҶĮһƲԺѡһλ£ǡ񣬿һ񣬺ôض


380 ԪVS̳
ٿ
ʱգͻȻһʵķմ鶼ڲ
СģҪˣ
Ժһٶλɵ֣ĬȻ˫Ŀһ߿գһŶ˵
׾ֶǿҲҪܣѾ߼״̬һһʽһ˲䶼ɽѡ
߳߳
ųڣʹӷͻȻһƬףŷԲ죬ǴӰͻأ˺Ѷһף罣ͻͣ߳߳غХض׵֮⡣
䡭
һأɲǼ䣬һر׺һѷ죬ףطŷҲƬƵģ͹ƽܵӰ죬Щ˺ѵĴأʼ໥ѹգس׿ʼһ졣
ˮһĻͷתһӣ˺ʮ
ĴǿһٶλλѧӣƺƵ뿪磬Ǳײϵ󣬴һ飬ģκμʣҪڱ
ʱ˿̣Ժڳ룬ʿҲڴ뿪Ϊֶڻҡ
Ԫͥб¾ɱɣñԺʲôʸ̩λ棡
ͻȻһԵգۼԶƬ磬֮⣬ʿ
ܿ죬ԪͥҲ˳аͽ˶ã
˶Ǿ֣֪ҪսãҳûԺúȡͨ۷壬ͻҲ⣡
ݳǣԺѧӾۼڳڣǿվڳǳ֮ϣɷˮִλ
ݳǲʿ뿪ˣһЩǿߺԺѧĶһ٣Լֶ
ҶȴʱڳǳϿգ֮кۣһǰۣѧӶ֪λѧӣϣҶսλλѧӣһһնɱ򴫿ҶȾΪһš
ҶѾ
䡭
Ǿ֮ϣʱըÿһմըڴ˵һλӰȥ٣ͨ쾳ʿ޷ֻɾֲܵ
ȻԺʵϹŶԺϹŶ컹Ҫǰͻƣ̫ǿ󣬾ǰָ֣Ҳֻͻͨף
Ҷһ˼עֶһ棬׼Ϊͨ׼
Ҷȿ¾İҲܸܵ淢£ԶҶΪ˽ٻҶȣǾҶǿ֮УС
֮䣬ʼͬʱҶҲ׽ʼͷţںϣ׽½߼СӣϰںϣҶȿʼͨס
һͨףҶʵкܴԾĿǰҶʵնɱףͻ֮ҶȾͿնɱĽףȫԸҲնɱףֻĴۺܴѡ
ͨ쾳ҶԽնɱͲǰǰѸͿֲԽʮնɱˣӴԺҶʵ̶ȣֻԽʮͨףնɱǿߡ
ȻֻԽʮѾبδе񻰣ٶ㣬Ҷһ̤ɾͿһײɱʮףϴǧͼ칭ڵȵֶΣնɱҲ롣
˳ɣΪ£̩ԺҺ̬ȣı䣬Ϊ£ҾͿȥҘʥ̩ɽִ󽻵ɽһҪնɱͻɾɽҲͷˣ
֮ʣҶ˼ҲڴһƻȥҪ¾ҵʥˣ˵֮׽̾ҪԺ⣬̩λսʱˡ
սʱ٣̩λҲ仯Ժע£˭ЦǾͿֶκʵ
Ϊ£ɹ̩ٴκֻҪŪĿģҾа취Ըսʱ٣ʱԻص̫򣬿ʼ̫һͳһ̩λ棡
Ϊλ֮λʿ鶼Ҫңʱҵﵽ˶־ĵزλ˷ɽ磬Ͳͬһˣҵ֮УҲǾڣ
뵽Ҷȼ
ԺԪϣѱƵϣǵһˣھ㳢ɱԽʽ
ǲ֮䣬½һƺۣϵ˺ۣǰ֮⣬ԪͥƯգһɣɽ
ν֣˲£˵ԪͥʤһԪͥΪ̫񣬶½ǰԵѾǴس˷棬ߣµԩꡣ
Ԫͥסһ⣬ϯ½񣺡ɱԽʽ
½һۣ죬˫ִһӡһʱ䣬һɱ¾֮ʼǵ½֮ĳХɱԽʽʹߴ豾ɷϣʵû񣬵ɱԽʽ֣׼ɣ
׾ԪͥҲ׼ʩչԺ
ɱԽʽһʽɱ
׽̳½˫ͫһɱƲɱ¾ƣ˷ŷһɱںһȻһ̤һһƳԪͥȥ
¡¡
һʱ䣬ţһɲݡ֮ʼ٣ΪһƬɱ¾磬Ԫͥͻأɱ
ɱԪͥԷ˫üһᣬɫ΢΢ɵͻȻһָһָ׾׾˷
Ǿһս
ݳϷˮֿһĻͣо羲ĵģɱ¾𣬾ҡ
ӿ䡣
ɱ¾ǣɱ֮ÿһ䣬Ϣʼ̣鶼ڲ
䡭
ռɱһƬףǲ񷱬ɲǼ䣬Ʒ֮оǹͨղ졣
׹ǿĿǰΪǶ֣»£䡭
Ҷۣоض𣬿֮гɱֻ֮΢΢һ£ͻȫԣǿ־Ѿô򵥣г־
һǿҲֻһ̺֮־򣬾Ϳһ־٣κﶼҪĨɱǿߵĸ
ʣԪͥ½ǿߣʼַ֮򣬰ѷںϣںϣﵽ졢ءˡߺһһ֮أȼˡ
ҶĿǰǿ󣬵Եûз̺Ҷһƣ;ͿɱףϧҶȾ̫ͣһ磬޷ֻ֮ܲǿİԵ̶ȡ
Ȼǿһ̶ȣҲԶԿֻʼ֮ϣһӣֻһӣҶԪͥ׸֣͵һ֣ȻǶ֡
ȻҶȶôǧͼ칭ֲһ
Ԫͥû뵽㾹ȻܿⱾɱԽʽǰʽԺԪϣȻ鴫Ҫο⣬ɱԽʽʽǰʽʮ
½ЦݣɱԽʽʽ޽磡
׷٣ضɱ¾֮ǿ̣Ԫͥɣ֮һ͸ԡ˺Եףʼŷ
˷֣շŷγһ磬ȴֲ磬ǣɱ֮֮пʼˮϯ
͡
ɲǼ䣬վͷ˸ױ֮ɱ磬һ˺磬޲ڣʱʵʱãֱͲǷֶΡ
ϣΪ׸֣κ˶֪½ǵжôǿᣬϣ΢΢֮ɫ
ӿĲ쾡ͷͻȻִ½µĺɱɱԽʽʽƽ磡
˲䣬ǰվȻԾŤһŽŤصգʼһ߽⣬顣
ڤ䣡
ӲȻԪֺͥ񲻴ǣŷƯں֮С
Ŷ
Ҷɫһ䣬˫⣬񷾡ͷڤ䣬Ժ䣬ľҲԺǿû뵽ԪͥǰɱУ½ʩչɱԽʽʽԪͥͱпܱ½նɱǰʩչɱУ
ڤ䣬Ҷȵʱ뽭ʥ֮Уݱ䣬ŷݱ֮ǳ֮ȷʵһŰԵָɼ
½ʩչɱԽʽͬǿ󣬱ڤǲ󣬶ɱԽʽȴɱ¾Ȼͬ
ͻȻɫһӣһݳǱҪСģ϶ǿһУ
ʲôɱԽʽǰû磬ֻɱôݱһ
䡭
ʱŷ𶳽ᣬһ˲䣬ͻȻ½Ǿ£ǶԳǰ
һıըʼӾŭһ㣬ٴأһǲϽ䡣


381 
䡭
Ӿը֮УǣãأըÿһαըԻһɽ
ʱ˿̣ǿʼĳǳڻ´ݻ٣Ȼ޴棬سһըµľ޴ӣףһʱ䰧Ұ֪жʿһŻǽٶ
ǿܽ٣ģŭûбˣϣĻ
ۺɨȥǳƤͿֻ̿ͨ쾳ǿ߲л
һâը֮ٿȻ䣬ռžл硢ѡŤ𽥳ֳ죬һߴӰһѪͷ­ٶ
ԺԪϣԪͥǿͷ­ȴսһ½
ԺѧӣλλѧӣͨͨԪͥնɱ׽̸֣ǿļһ̼ÿࡣ
½ʧ֮УǱԪͥնɱͻᱻԪնɱˣעڴˣңǧҲΪһˣԺǿɱòʧ
˺УҶ侲վҡҡͷ̾½д䣬ϧԪͥʵ½ˣ
׽̷̳Ѿƣ£вߣһһϳǣ
ʱԺѧӣʼۼƳеߣԸȻղˣԪͥǰعƮǡ
ʣλѧӡλѧӣˮִλԴԺ飬ԺѧӿʼƺƵع顣
ʦ㣬Գˣ
ݳϿգҶȷһץ֮У¾Ļ߳ҶһǰĽ
ʱƳոͱԺѧӣܵҶٻһͳҶ¾ǰҶʦܣʦк£
Ҷʩʦ֣ʦҪ鷳һ£λʦԭɽڵӣܲɷ֣ɽ𣬱޴ȥϣʦܸ㣬ñѰʥأиŵ㣡
ȻԺȻԺѣǰǹģȻˣҾصֱ֧ڣñڳΪǵһԺΪѣ˵Сһ
ƳԥӦ࿴¾ļۣű֤
л
¾ţҶȵ棬Ƴ΢΢ʩû뵽ڻн죬ԺΪѣһڵõԺ֧֣ǳΪһžͲݳޡ
ڶԸû뵽Ҷȼ仰ͼʵˡ
ȻƳܸҶӣȻǿҶݺ;޴ӰϣŲһɡ
ʦ㣬뽪ʦãʲô¾ңúðؽڣʦ֣ǣԺ
ҶȻΪһ裬ʧ
ƮǣԺ

ԺĴͻȻ쳹صײٻѧ
Ȼķѧ۷ִһ˲䣬ĴӡִԺճֳ֣ʥׯϡ
ѧӴĴɳ۶ƮΧλѧӣλѧӣϻԺ
һλλִ߿ʼִλͶӰҲһһ٣ʮλ£һͬȻͶӰҲѧӣִ߼ȨߣҲʼ٣˳ţԺҪﶼˡ
׷ʲôˣˣ
㻹֪ǰãԺ׽һ̳նɱ׽ӣԪԶ֣ժ׽̳ͷ­
ֲԺ߲һֱأԭڹע£ԺȻܲ׽̷̳ҪԺԺÿ
ѧӶһ󣬿һλλưĵ£ˣЩеλѧӣδѧѵûᣬʶ
һλִ߳һӣڵӶʱ·鿴ͷ˺ֿգԪϣϣ
ѧˣһһգԪϣ
ԪԺصĴڣѧܼԪϵˣˣԪЩѧȻˣԪԺ֧ҲÿѧӾп
䡭
һˣûⱦҲǽ̻Իͣһؿʯ̶ɵվϷ١
ϣִͬʱʩ
λѧӣϷǷ£֮ǰԪϣҪΪβ׽̷̳ȫʤ
һǿͷųѧӣܵһޱ𾴣һ̣ѧӶԺԺѧǵľʳ
ʥоǸѧ֮еǿûУ
ִϿգһʱգ䣬ʥսʥ˫˫ۣѧڴʱ˿̣ʥܸӦÿѧԪڡ
ʥ΢΢ջ˫ͫ⣬˵ûУصúҲûлҲ̫ͨ죬ʥҲ޷ӦĴڣ
ɫȻûһ˿Ϊ£òף˾ȻնɱʵԪϣԺ£ȥҲֻ׽̵ĸ֣Ż֣׽̺ͰѴǱԺ֮С
пܣ䣬ΪѾʴ˲ٻعԺʥ˵
ΣҪˣʥҪģԺףˣӹķۣһҪѴ˾ĸ󻼣ƺȻһɱʱΪ֮һ
ν׽̷̳ѧ´󹦣ƳϹٷѩĪЩѧÿ˽õһɵΪҿԽǬʮлᣡ
ִϿգվ֮ϣ٣Ѱȴ졣
Щѧӣвμжѧӣõۻ֮󣬶ִȡϽ
˵ȻգܳɹԵز׽̷̳׽شһλλѧӺͣηȡ񣬹룬ԺӦϣ׽̷̳Ժ֪Ҫʧѧӣ
˭ѽ
ѧӶɻ
λѧӣǸոλѧӣҶȣɣĿһɨȺ֮С
ಡ
һǳ۵ҶȣѧǰǷѧӶʱ̾Ľ֮
Ҷȡô
ǿԺ߼񣬾סĽλѧӣ޷ɣոսλȻ񣡡
ŹִģҶʱսλΪԺȡû뵽ɣ
ѧӶ˽ۣ˶δҶȣǾţ˭ҶÿԺǾ¡
ѧӣҶȵż񣬳ţѧӣۼҶȣڣҶѧĽĿ⣬ҶȾͺվھ۹£ǧǳ֮⣬ȫһϣǷ⻷Ҳȥ
еִ߻¶ʧȥ˹⻷
ȻˣҵԤ֮⣡
֮Уᾲ֮ϣһƽȴ𾪲ѣҶȶ˵һڶҶʵŲɣָӺ棬֪Ҷһܡ
еӣӨӨաҲңǼֱԼ۾ǰǸ˹עǿߣȻʦܡ
Ȼ˵Ժ棬һ񣬿ԳΪ£Ժɷ涨Ϸţûвͬɣ
£
ǰòŽλŶãȻҪΪ£
仰ѧը˹¼ֱ̫𺳣һŽλѧӣҡһ䣬ֱӳΪ£ԺʷϣǴδй飬ֲô¡ｵ٣ѧӶ׹
죬Ҷȳɾϵλϵӡ
ΪͬʱˣΪˣ
ˮԱߣ䵴ȻһЦûˮǰǣΪ̫ͣˮǲˮе֪ҶΪֱҶȾΪˣڼţҶȱֱûñȡ
û뵽Ժһλ£
ѧ֮УһӪǧѧӣЩѧӣԺӣʮҶȴˣһһҶȣĿУҶ̫ߴ󣬳ɾͲ˼顣
ϣλѧӣִ˶ԣҶȵȷ񣬰ɷִһͨӴ˿̿ʼҶȲͨλѧӣǸ£Կٶͽ
ִӪ֮УһλͻȻǸˣһִִ֣ߡޱȡ
λѧĿˣĽĿһһҶȾۼ

ͻȻ֮䣬Ϊ£ҶȸоԺԼӿͻͨѾ⣬ڲʵ
ѧӣسҶȺ£
Ӫȥһû뵽жһ
һλ΢΢̾


382 콵
£ҲͨѧӣӴԺҵļңһԺһԴǣҵļˣ
ܵѧ𾴣Ҷȴ߳ѧʩ˵֮䣬ҶϽǰ۾ͳΪһǳۣ¡װһģһ
õôӳ֣ƮǱԴѾʼںϣҵٶȻٴμӿ죬þͻ̤ɾʱ»κߣ
ҶһЦڳɾ¡
һλִҶҶµ
תһҶȾͷӪ֮УһҶһ˶δҶȾѾ֮ϣ
λ
Ŀ⽹£Ҷϣȴ˵ոճΪ£ȻҪΪԺʾα˳ΪԺ๦ѫ޷ѣ
ҶⷬλѧӶܺ棬ǵ£ܺ棬֪ҶȸոճΪ£ѵʲô׸Ժɣ
Ǳ׽̷̳һλǿߣλǿͬˣȴ׽ǱͬеļϸʩСƣ׽̸߲㻳ܴҵᣬԺԮַźţ
໥ɱ֮ʣðһΣգ׽̸жȡػˣʱѾ챻׽̸ɱڱϣȻúˣһɱʵΪ֮ʣܱǿʵͬھλ뿴ǴˣԺ£죡
һץʬ壬ͻأسѧǰ
λѧһʬ壬ʹҡͷţ찡ȷԺ£
ȷԺ£죬нƺۣҲȷ׽̵ƣһλ¿˵
Ժ£ȻΪ׽̽ӣΪаͽ
Ҷ޵Уɱúã
ѧǿʼʵ֪һ㣬ԺϿܺгʵȴթ˫ٴɱ¾ѪڣҶȾȻɱԷһλ£Ȼǳ˲ȷʵɱʹġ
һ˲䣬ҶѧĿУλ
û뵽ȻΪ׽̼ϸ
һץͰʬ֮Уһΰʬ֮УȻλҲǰһͬ飬˴˵ͷһλͨǼλϼ飬ڵȷӵа
ѧӶʱֽкãҶȹƣɱúã
ҶվʩһȻ̽߸裬ԺȻԺ߸ϵ£׽̼ϸӹɣɱ֮ʱҲΪɵԺһǶԸʵ±׼Ƕ֣ŹᣬŹԺҲ֧ң
ˮҶȣȵҶԺ£ԺҶ㶯֣ţԲ
׽ɱҶѧӣҪԺȼϸ͸˵ö֮ҿ͸ԺԼȡʬ壬Լ᲻죬Ҷ³ֱ֣Ǳ壬ӦøлҶ°ͽͽ֪ҪԺʧѧӣһλվҶһ˵
˵Ļʧʣѧ󣬶ΪҶȹ
ִʬӡתѧ˵Ҷ²Ž£ΪԺ˾޴ִͣúüҶʹͣҶ;ֱӽ£
顭
Ҷ֮ϣƮ޶͸Ӧصһֱڰи﷢һһңҶȷ佭ƣ顣
ʬóһΪţϾոճΪ£󲿷˶Ͽңڲһˣһ棬񣬳̫⣬ϰ˵˻ỳͷϣҾֱӰó֪ʵնɱĽǿߣһ壬էȻǰԼ¶ȥ˻ңʵ۷ټ٣˻ңҲȷҾɱˣɱͲó¶Լ
Ժ߲㣬ûаѰϢ֪ѧӣԪ뽭׷鵽˭ɱ˰ǰңԼ¶ټ٣Щ࣡
ǿӦҶѾһʱգĴڡ
̶ʮ겻ҶȴĬĬһ³ΪĿ㣬Ȼ˺棬ɣϾ˺ǷǶ࣬ϰ䣬붼룬Ҷȳõݸ߲ע⣬Ӷʼɡ
λϷ򲻵òߴһجġ
ʱ򣬷վ֮ϣϢϢ˸Ӧʱź˵ΰ££ν׽жУˣ
£Ȼ䣡
λѧסˣλλλʥλѧӣҲһ̣оڿһɱĵ棬ͷ
ˣ
ִִߣҲϢ¸߸ϣϰеôôˣԺǶĴ
Ϊʮѧľ֧ˣ֧Ȼ£Ժǿ˶ѧӵʧ¹Ժδˡ
Ժʷϣһλ£ʮ֮ǰˣһλ䣬ԺǾ޴
ţ棬Ժ갲Ϣ֮أλѧӣڿʼΪĬɣ
һλҡҡͷȻ¶ʧһλ£Ժ˵Ҳ˶ı䣬ԺӰ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
ҵʦλȷΪĬ
ѧӵͷ׼Ĭ֮ʣͻȻһΰغģ˶գһߴӰˡ
죡
λüͷһ壬ߵ
ˣ԰ǵʦڻҲӦõģǴ󲻾
ŵԺȻ
˿գһǰ۵ĵΰ٣˫ָ΢΢ڶƺգǿޱȡ
졭û뵽
֮ϣҶɫһ΢΢ȣĲϵ򵥣Զʦͽϵ
죺죬ãµӣչأҪµӣΪ꣡
ʦȻҪΪ飬Ȳ˵
ɫȻ˶о㣬֪Ϊλֱ仯ܸܵǿɱ
ͻȻӪһȭһȦ֮Ҷȣ
䡭
ڵٶʵ̫죬ͻȻ֣˭Ҳû뵽ھۻϣô߲㣬ȻҶȳ֣һȭһλǿ߲źȻ֣ʵ̫ˣ̫ǿ󣬿¡
ҶȻըҶҲǱ׹䣬ˣѪģƾͿԵ췴ʵͬţΪζҳ֣
Ҷȣû뵽ڵǸУһֱϣСĺܣᣬ㵹ΪһʦɱİɣͻȻѧӣԺ±һĻ
죬˰ɣ㶼Ƕ֣ɱ£Ҳ±ЦλͬŶ֤Ϊ֮˽𣬵죬ȻԺɷִԪϲͬŶ֣Ҫ췴Ҷʹţ˵
쾹ȻٳҶȳȭ
ɱ
Ժǵǣ죬ֱ̫֣ԺУ
ոմһȭȻɱҶǰţҲһֱӰѵƣʱ֮С
ಣ
ִִ߿ʼ٣ѵΧס
л¡ϳȣҪǣ϶ڵУҶȹ
λִ커٣ڵǰ죬ҪʲôλѧӣҶѾ£㲻ܲ
Ҫ췴Ȼɷ
ѧ֮Уڵ£ܹѧӣȻƾۼһ𣬿ʼֵ졣
һȺϣ
첻мɨȺѧӣȻִǿߣһʦǱҶɱӽ
죬˵ɱʦλͬţǸղŶˣһоͰˣ֮ҿܾϣǰҲŽλΪ£ʵ࿿ǿʵŸλͬŶˣ
Ҷվ˿µ죬̸ԱߣִҲΧҶȼֱһίͬʱݴ½ݴ½ɱҲˣҲһֱһģ֪ҳΪ£֮ҪɱңԩңԺһ
̫ˣǵģһǿҶ³Ϊ£λѧӣǼʣŶҶ¶֣Ҷ¸ͲҶȶ֣
죬Ϊѧӣͽǣ˵ĴбǲѧԶʱЩ죬ȡ֮
ЩλѧӾȻɳѧӣŵ¡棬ʼʵ졣


383 Ŀɳ
ǾһȺϣʲôʸ뱾Ի
λѧӱʣԽ࣬ɫȻ¶ΨҶơ
һѧվʵ죬Һôͬţʲô̬ȣ
죬Ҫɱңû˵ң˵ɱ£бͶ֣
ƣҶԴǶŵ칫Ȼ
Ҷ·ģִסֹõ˺㣬£ݸ߹󣡡
һλִҶʩȻ죬ĮȻ죬³֣Ǵ󲻾֮־ۻᣬԺͬţͳͳΥѧԺɷ
͸ðץĻʲôϿɽպԺؽԣ
Ժûгѧӣһʵ
ִεԺҲԲԺɷ𾴸߲㣡
λѧӷԵ죬ѧӣҶȱ۸ʧȥȥˣȻҶȷʵʵ˵ûгΪʸ񣬵ҶѾ££ҿҶˣЩѧӷ׷׶ȥʱֵ졣
գ֮䣬ͳʸ֮ģ˵ö֮
ơơ죬һǸ̵û뵽˰裬ܵԺҪۻϣҳ֣̫֪̣
֮ǰΪʲôԸ񣬿϶ñףΪһ֣˭֪
ãζԸ죬㾹ȻţҾ㳹ԺĿΪԺУ
ִִߣᱣҶȣȴģУȴֿ˻ʼƵ졣
գǷɱҶȴӣ˽˶ԹԺ޹أ֣΢΢ǻǼҪɱҶȡ
ôʵȥ
ȻԺַҶһƣʼ촫죬Ҫɱ
ҶȡȻ͵ͷŻ棬Ҷȿ
죬ݴ½㵱˵棬ɱңߣָʹҦѡɱңɾǸɱң죬ھб¾͹ɣ
ٸһϢȷʵǱɱڲɱңȲ˶ã񹦴ɣͻɱϵǣһλᣡ
ҶȷЦ죬޹˼ɣᡣ
Ҷȣұ֤졭
ͻȻ˫üһ壬ֱӿǰһλλִִߣݺ˵ÿұҪնɱҶȣԺ޷סҵģ
նɱ£ִִһףڴ
˫ţˮ𣬷Ȼ˵죬ҪɲǵҪٴ˺֣
ΪԪϣȻ֪Ǳ󣬶ҵ첻λѧӣǵ֮жû֪ҲԸ涯֣ﵽ޷ʰز
䣬Ϊβ㣬Ȼȥ
ʱʥ뽭һֱִÿһĻȻʵ
Ʋɣ˵Ϊ䣬ұÿѧӶԺĲǸţǱж󣬿ϧڲԺɷȻƣҲҪ֪ѲԺǵ죬ԺϣҲֻһͽȻҪĨɱ
ԭˣڿԺ̬ȡ
ʥ󣬻ȻɽȴЦݣʵ䲻
Ժ꣬ͳһͳһģôô꣬ʿɶֹάϵһ֡˵ɫ粻ʲô
žգһãѧӾա
컺ۣȻɱˣλͬţҶ˽˶ԹÿҪң
죬Ҳ룬ﲻǵǣΪ£ƵģԱ֣㶯֣ҲŹ㣬ƴһսҲҪָ˵Ҷִ̰ͦΧ
Ҿһ̣ǼȻҪңͱҲȭ
Ҷⷬҧгݣ֪ڼȻߵϣɱҶûᣬһҪƮǸܣֻҪҶȴƮǣһȫҲᱻҶݣһһ
䡭
һȭǿĵƣȻǰʮλִɣЩִ߿ɶΪһʮλҪ֪Щ˼ԿĽףȴһȭɣôʵĽס
涯ˣ
˶֮ʣΨҶȿĵĺܣһԺͳƲϵ
죬Ҷִ߶֣׽õ죡
һӿʼͷԵѧӣʼѧҲȺ鼤ӿû뵽ṫȻִ߳֡
ˣ׷ˣѧھ̾
Ⱥϣ°ܽұǰΣ
ݣʵ桢ƣ̶һѧӣˣֱһȭ
ʱֲȭ̫ͬž޳棬תڣƺƵɱѧӿȥ
ѧĵһȭֱ˵ʵ̫ǿһţЩѧӸо֣ߺȡȾǣ
ƣ
ͻȻһλִھ޴ȭǰ͵һǰ
͡
λȻôѪۿҪȭɣ飬ɲΣ֮䣬λɱÿһƣȭ֮ϣŰȭ飬Ȼ̷ӡֱӴһͨҪﱬ֪ѧӻ
ǿλǶĽǿߣ˲ǿֵסһУ
ֲţҪȻնɱҶ£ԭﵽ˿ֲزҶЩλȻʵԶԶҶ£ﵽ˵ز
ʵǿᣬ޷죬죬Ƕ㣬ɱ˭ɱ˭
һλλѧӣĿһĻ֣ڶףΪεҹȻ³֣Ժԭӵʵһ¡
쿴Ҷ»Ҫţ˲λҶɶסʵȴףŰ˶Ǿţ
λѧӣ໥ۣ˫һλǼǧǰԺţԺȻһţһڶʱ䴴漣ţңһλ¡
λִʼ٣һˣŭ죺ˣˣִµ죡
ǣ
λִ߿ʼۣЩˣԵǿֶΣʮּɵ˭õһ裬ǿڹȻԺ˭ɱǾͰˡ
죬ƾղΪʵڲԺãԪŸո´ӴԺ죬Ժѧӣ뿪ɣٺȥȡԺҲ֮Ենɱ
ۿִҪ֮ʣվ֮ϵķȻͫһʼԵȰ˵
죬µӣЩ£ҲǿɳģҪٺˣ˺ƤԴҶãȥɣȻԪ㻹߰ɣһλ½˵

ͻȻЦĿˣһλλ¡Ȼѧӣҵ죬εݣȻ˺ƤǾ˺ưɣڿʼ˭ߣһɱ⣡
죬ɱ˵죬ħˣ
һλִߣղű֮һݺݺ޲ðѵԵ
һͷǾ֣
ͻȻһɨĿλִϣͬһִߣȻһһȭֱӺɱ
⡭ִ߽ŵûֱ£û뵽ɱ֡
䡭
ͻȻһλŮڵǿҪִһ̣ͻأ֣һǷȭײʱײ
˺ɫһ԰ףͻȻɱŮӣᡭ
ҶǱµӣ£㼸ƣҪնɱִߣʵڿȥնɱɣῪʼҪˡ
ɱɱɱ˵죡
ִʼţѧӶʼ֧ᣬֵ죬Ҫµء
ᣬάҶȣȻҾɱ㣡ӻҶȣֱۣһһǻȭɱ
һһƵ
ᾲֹŷ˯һ㣬ڵһȭ֮ʣȻӰʧŷƵģûӰȻҶȴȭȭʼ顣
۸ڶǿƵĵ죬ʱ󾪣ˣȴ޷׽ӰȻ̾ʲô
͡
ʯ֮䣬һӰѸײڶ֮ƴ͸Ӱõ忪ʼ顣
ꡭ
ˣȻ߹Ƶģѷ죬Ȼֱ飬Ϊ촷ɢȥ
ɲǼ䣬ڵĵطֳȵĿŵӰߵȻǷ
һǷȻʵڳ¡λѧӶˣ룬챾ʵжôס
ᣬǵã֮ձرҶȡҵ첻ɱ㣬ĲΪˣŰɣҾͲţԶԺ
ƮգȻݺ


384 ͨ
ᣬ֮ձر
Ҷȣɱ㡭ĲΪˡ
ŭԵƮ졢ԺÿصѧʥλλλλλѧӣִԪϷоڲһֱ¶Զĸо
һţ̩λ֮ӣԺĽճ׶ȥ
ִߣ£Կ£ϣԺͳ֮£ȫƵߣԺκιϸһ㲻ݵĳޡ
찡죬н죬ǷˣӴԺԺҪԺԺҲҪ㵱ˣڼٵսʱҪܵżҲᣬŰɣԺҶҶ֣ҿɲ˼ʲôǣҶҪ
ҶĲûϵξۻᣬɵԺȫջ
һλ¸߸ϣͶӰ¶һλӣϣ쾹ȻҶ£ִԪϵĻҲɻ
ִסԺͳţĿˣΪͽӴԺ󣬷Ժѧӣ˭׽õͽͣ
ִһλλִ߿ʼعִҲʼλλ֮г֣Գޱͳơ
ѧӣоԺ߲㣬汻Ƽˣ˭ҲûȥǷǰǲҶɱ
ûŵⷬҶһʼʾһˣЩ䣬һ̬ûκλɣҶǿǿǲ˾ͻᰵŵⷬ
Ժ꣬δѧӣ£ִϷΪԪϣ֪λѧӣҲѾ⣬Ӵ˲ԺѧӣԺͽ
ѧӳĬ֮࣬ͷϣѧӶޱ𾴣ԺǴƽ׽̴ҪԺλѧӣԻȥУ׼ӭӸս
һ£ѧӿʼɢȥĴҲʼ½رգִʼʧû֮С
λ¡Ҫˣʵȷ죬¹ϼУҶ¾ͽţϷиǣҲնȥ
Ҷϵܣϲϲ
һλλ¿ʼǰϲҶȣ˵Цò֣֮£ûзһ
ҶΪ£ǸģѾ£ʼӪʮλ¿ʼһ𣬱ҺϤһˣҶ֪Ǹ£¼ǹһˡ
ٻᡣ
Ժһʮλ£䣬Ҷֲֻжʮˣ¶Ǳޣδ顣
һ߶֮Ҳ뿪ֻʣҶȡˣһӣ˲һ֮ͨ
գۣһƬƯ½سˣֺһɽ壬кٲɾƬƯܰƺһ˶ûС
˴ٳһֱӡţӴ˾µһʥҶȳա
ܿһ΢磬ƺӿ
Ҷȵûǿᣬлζ㵲ס죬Ȼϣҿ϶ҪԴģ
ֻ֪ǿû뵽֮䱾ҲסҶȶ˵Ļ겻ѡ
Ϊ£УôţҲҲ޷ԼԿ֪ǿЩη塣
²õģʵüԺ˺Ƥ׽̲þҪҪΪ׽ж׽̲ҲŹ
ҰȻңһֱԺصţδԺԪš䶼ûڵ죬ˣӴ֮󣬵λþͱȡΪҲҼƻһ֣
ҰΪνԺԸ֪㣬γѾ׼վͬһߣҶ˵꣬濴ᡣ
ͦȣȻԿ죬Լ壬ǿУҶΪ£ԺԮ֣ɾҶԺõѡ
̫֣Ҳ֣»ԪϡҲ֣ϾѾǸ£Ѿڸ߲ʧȥΣҶȣҪվߣҾͬһӪҾ֪һ㡭
˵ȻȻֱֹҶȣֱʵǲɱģ
µ񣬻̸бҪţǾġҶǷʵĴ˸
š
ôһ仰ȴһЦŷѾ֪𰸣ãӴԺҾͬӪԺʮλ£֮Ҳеģÿʱÿ̶ڣǸ£Ԫ䶼㣬Ӧò㣡
ǵңνֻݶѣҪ֪ǰ˵ǷҲۼ֤׽̵ǿ׽ֶΣӿֲԺҲ֣
Ժ׽̷̳׽̿϶ж͵ſɣã̩λͻӭսʱʱʲôӪԺģֶβȻẦ㣬ֻҪһֱţȥǾͶˣ
λȨصǰǾŮҶֳǷһδľˣϤֻء
ҲҶӰ죬̰Ŀ⿴һ޵ζ˵ǴȫʤѰȻԺԺ첻ô
һС£ʲôǰһɽĳλܣڲǹȥȥҲǽڲϵظı䣬˭Ҳգ룬ΪȥݣʱֻΪ·ϣһССؿڶѣעҪģ
һмҶȵЦ˵꣬Ȼ᣺ˣڸ˵˵Ժ߲ⷽ棬Ҫ˽˽⣬Ժ߲Ҳи취
ãῪʼҶȷƯ֮С
ãһɽ屻ƽܿ쵮һ̻Ի͵Ĺ֮½ǰأҲвλѧӣҶȣȻʹϵģ˭ҶǸ£߸ϡ
ܿ켸¾͹ȥˣڼ䣬Ҷȼ˴λѧӡִµȵȣﶼУҶҲ¼Ժ߲涼Ȼһ㡣
ãλѧҶȣͨϵȴҶڵĵȫӡôҲ޷ӦŷʧʵΪֻ̫ͣĽΪ̫ܸӦݱӵǿͨҪӡȻɡ
չʮ˳͵̩֪ͨԺвӣӦúܿͻ֪ҳΪµϢھͿͻͨף
µ빬֮С
һ˶ڹܣɲǼԪߵӿҶȿʼͷڰ׽˿̣ҶƤ򣬿챻ǿñը
ͨͨ޴󣬴һ鵽ףͻףףһƿҪǿֱӳء
һͨףл̤߽ףɾҲԽԽҲԽԽͻƣѰͨһͻƵʮףҪ꣬ҲҪǧ꣬Ҳˡ
ҶȴɾͨΪʮ꣬Ƕôֲٶȣʮ꣬޵ÿɾʵ˵ȥ˭ţٶȣҶȳ׳־ڰͻɾ
ǧֱ꣬޳ˡ
ȫٲڳѨϣѪԪӿڵҶȲͻ״̬

ͻȻһȼյĻ¯̫¯Ļ¯ʼ֣ûɣɻ¯ӵײسΣܿγȼյĻ¯ҶУͷŷٻһܡ
¯ҶͻƵγɣ¯ҲҶͻ֮ʣػԪ񣬱ͻơ
ûл¯ҶͻƱؽǾĶǣ죬κ˶ܸӦҶȲ˷Լֻаͻɵƣû¯ӡתΪΪԼá
ͨסƣ
ҶͻȻվ˫һչһ¯һȭڶʱӿ˻棬ˮڻ¯֮ϣ¯飬һ̣¯̰ͻɵƣת
꣡
ͻƲ¯ҲʼѣȻһ붯¯߹һѣһƬӿҶë롣
ҶƤ˻棬ںϣͻӿƽʧҶ˷ŷһʥϴɱ侪ˣʱһλһʿҶ˫ۣ˲ͻᱻĨɱ
֨֨
ʮָһǽھͷһĦץƲ񷣬˺һ
ͻͨףȻһһĽף˲ɱҲԼ֮ɱףȫԸҲʮնɱԪͥϹŶҲһ
Ҷֻо
оǺپǴ½˷ŷһأ컯
֮еҶֿȥӡԼԴԴߡ
Ȼûж仯ֻͻɾ𵤲仯ɾӽͨ쾳ֻǹͨѣ
ͻ֮ҶȿʼھƮƮģëһ̩ɽƳ


385 ̩ӵҰ
ʱҶȵ֮Уͷһ˵ͨ쾳ϢҶͻͨףͨϢǧ򽣣ڲ
ҶȺòͨ쾳Ϣԭ˾֪ͨ˽ףһͻƣȻûͷɾơ
Ҷһʯھ֮УϢҲɢһʼޡ
ѽ죬㹫ȻԺͳǰҳ׶ͱٶ飡
Ǭʥأй֮Уڼ̻ܣ죬ǵأǵǷ飬ڽʥ֮²ϳ֡
֣Ʈŷգ֮䣬ܰԺκν䶼ܿ͸
䣬ȻûϢӦûлعԺ֮£ɵԺ
ֻβλλѧս޷ݡȻʥգһŤͨ״ʥͶӰ֮ͨн١
ƻվֱ壬йϿ̵Ϊ촷ʧģﲻսȻȷԺͲ޴󰭣
ٿ
ͨкȻתϯʥʧʥ֮С
Σ
һڵ֮ϣ̺ۣȻûɲһ㣬ӰУʧҲָ糣

֮УҶȺȻԶŴ֮΢΢ڣ̩ӹȻˡ
Ҷվһ𣬾ʥ֮УҲһʥ⣬ҶһͨУʼ뿪
Ʈ⣬ޡ嫵УʯɹϸһƮһҷɴͨͨףɼ̩С
Ҷ֣ɣ
̩ͻȻۣףһӰǴƮǳҶȣֻ̩һ֣׾ͳһҶ羨ϺһС
̩֣Һ£ͦæġ£Ҷʱ£㡣
Ҷ̤ɴһ֪ģʵϵ̩ӻ֪ҶȳΪһ̣ͻҶȣȻһжԤС
վڷɴڣ͸ܵһɱռУ̩Ҫɱ׾١ɴһ̩ӷʩչԽˣȻ̩Ŀǰ֪ҶвжȻҶȿǧ޵
̩ӷǳӭҶȣʺȻ統ǰܣ̩ӵֵܲҪɽҺʹ𣿡
̩ɲǾף̩ҶüֵͶҶȿͿǿߣ˵ͷֱǶʱը
Ҷȿȴûκ쳣Ȼֳ̩һ־УüŶĪ̩Ҫֵȥɽʹߣ
ֵܹȻϻۣһ¾׼ȷҪһͬȥɽʹ߹Щʱɽǰͨ⣬Ҫ޲ɣɽ͵һǿ
̩Ҷȸ£㶪һҶ𾪵Ϣ
ɽôҪɽ
ϢҶȺȻо̩λͻȻ׽̷̳¶ɽǿ߾ҪʱҪս
Ϣʵͻأ֮УǺսӣ֮Уѹ壬֪ռĨɱ壬ӶԴ
ɽһжؽǱ׽̻ҪԺ𾪣ɽһֱ̩λͨһɽʽԱʱ̡
˼һҶüʵְ̩ɽ޲֪ͨɽҪͶٴ
Ŀǰɽʮͳ˧֮һġδ棬̩λ˧ǰһΣɳӡʤϧҲû⼸ζ롮ͨģֻҪͨɹȻһ
̩˵֮䣬Զ岻мʵҶ֣Ժ£֪Ժ߲кζǷ˽
̩ӿʼԼԺڲҶȾֶ֪̩ΣҶȰڰֵԺĿ껹׽̣׽Ժз̳Ժ֮Ҫټ˻飬Կ׽̣ôһֱԺӣҿ֪һ㣬Ҳż¼ţһҪҲδ룬߲κξ飬Ҷ֪ģ
̩ģѾ뼸λ½ϵֻҪǴ£ԺңҲ͸¶ң
˵ҶȻأ׽ͷͻɽͷҰޣԺǰͻҰޣҲҪѡսʱ֮ʣܰԺ׽̡ɽ̩ǰʵƵ£Ҫģ
ֵܷģҼȻվͳһսߣҵȻ׽ҪЩɽԸ׽̡ԺǾСһ׽½ʹߣֹǧһˣһͬ˵ǿУҲЩһɽԸ׽̾ɶˣ
̩ӺȻҶȼɫ֮価ʮ㣬Ǹɽʮ˧ʮǿߣˣ½ԺɨκɽҲǿߣ׽̲⣡
Ҷһģʵʮף壬ʮ˧˼ǿߣҪԸ׽Ȼ⣬ڣɽ׽̣ݻԺô̩֣δɽжȡ̩λ棿һСģǾΪɽǶ춳˵ĶߣСıҧһڣ
ֵǿóԶһ۾Ϳʤص㡭
̩ڲ֪ǶҶȳޣ⣬֮ɫ˲仯ȻأǱҶȸӦ
ʵⳡսؼ̩λ桮񡯣Ҳ֪λ澫ں㾧λ澫֮ϣ
Ҽ̩棬̩λ泽񣬲ֳɰ˷ݷӡڲͬط̩ɽ磬̩ʵ۹Ҳ֮𣬰˷ݳɢԺԺԺֱݣʣݣһݷӡ̩ұ֮Уһ½ʱõǰã׽ֶδԺõһݣ˷ݳѾ߷ݷֱҡǧԺϣԺһ汦֮У
õ̩λ棬õ˷ݳ񣬲õ̩λ汾ԴϿɣΪλˣ
ǧ䴦ĻҪԺõɽѾ֪ҵݣҲҪͨսõ׽ԺгҺһ̩ͬʱ⣬̩Һᣬ֮ҵԪɽҪҵõ̩λ棬ȴ֪̩ɽ磬̩ͨλ汾Դ
ֵܣڸƣõ̩λ棬̫С̩棬Ԥϵ̩λн졭
̩ٴҶȼЦѾƿȫ֣̩λһˣҶǰȻҶ֪Ϣ͸¶
һ˷ݣ˭õ˿鳽˭ܵõ̩λϿɣΪˣһݳ̩ʱ֮УҲҪõ񣬾ͱ̩ʱ⣬͵ڽ̩µӡ
̩ʲôˣɽǿߣֶΣ϶նɱ˵ģκ˽̩ʱ⣬·һ
Ȼ̩ӲʤߣĿǰ˶µꡣ
Һ֪㡭
ҶһΪԺ£ȻϢҶȰЦ̩ӿδҵвãӿʼһίߣ̩ûңĿġ
ͻȻҶϳһ˼̩ɽ类׽׽̾Ҫ½̩λ棬̩ˣ֮¶˵̶ֵ֥½
½׽֮䣬һ̩ӺõĶˣΪð½磬Ǽ϶ͬСɡ
ߣ׽̩λ棬ҲΪǼ̩ɽҲΪǼ
Ȼ֮䣬ڤڤ֮ƺһߣǰϸϸֻҪҶȾϸ룬ܰ磬п
һ벻ҪȴҶȳ棬Ҳо̩ӿ϶Բκ֪ҶȣҶֻ˵һѣƻ֮УҶ𵽵ҪԣҲ΢
ҶȰҶȡһССڳɳ֮죬ϧ̩ˣˣ㣬ôţҲֻһ޹Ҫϰˣɽ磬̫̫࡭
Ҫһˣҵ԰ѿ㿴ػ飬ֻһˣеŶѣ
̩ڱ֮ϣԦɴͫڨڨЦݣ⸱ƣȫͷ˵ĸ߹
򣡣
˵֮䣬ҶȺȻףȴϤ򣬿ʼչ¶ǰ
̩վһǰĿ֮Уһص򣺡Ԫǣ٣
ಡ
ɴǿͻȻ٣һ籩Ǽʷ籩ײɴֱӻԪǡ
ԪǶҶ˵һҲİħõ֮ԨһСľʹݻɽͨ
ֵ㿴ͨɽλͨ
ɴƹԪ棬֮Ԩڵλã˲䣬һĿռ䣬һճԪǾϵϣڿռ֮Уһǿӡѿռ䱣ʵʵ͸Ż
ҶȿһĻĬ̩ӣȻôͰɽ󣬿ɽ½磬ѾڱС٣ΪˣұҪɱ㣬ɽλ棬ҲҪ
ٿ
ɴռһ̣ʧ̩ƿҶȣ̽ռ֮УʱǿʢϯҶһ٣͸оԿҶΪǿͱ˲ɱ
̩ƺ˽ռ޵ֵܣȻΪ
̩ӭ
ʱһǿʮλǿ߽ٶͷߣһλ꣬ƤȻ΢΢̣ʮֹ졣
ԪӢֵܲÿܣλԪӢλǱֵܣҶȣ
̩ӿʼ˫


386 ɽ
̩ӽܣҶס̷ɫһ˶ԱӣԪӢͳһǿߣ
̩λһأԺǿߣҲ֪٣ӻӨӨԪǣЩ䣬ΪһƬǿߣԪӢ˼ֻͳ壬ͼּǿߡ
ǳ붾λǿͨҶۼʶģǶ츳徹γɿռ䣬һС
ӭҶֵܣ̩
ԪӢһλλǿߣ̩ӹŷ֪̩ͨԪӢʮλ֣һĽסΪҲΪԺ»磬ʿ츳ͨ׿նɱ߽ס
ʮλ֣ɱȥԺɨǧĪ֮¡
޷ʮλǿȣǸϰԪӢ¶ǾӢ
һ֮ԪӢһӣû˳һ⻷֮УʲôûУնԪӢ̩Ѿϣھ͵ˣ߶󷨣ɽͨ
̩ӵͷ˫֣ȻԣϸɽϢԼʱһͬ߷󣡡
ǣԪӢ̩ǰޱȣǴ˲תʹһλλǿߣ⻷룬ʼγ󷨣ʼᷨӡ
øֶΣܵ󣬵ȷֻ̩ſֲԪӢ̩ӱϹϾʵԺԪ϶Ҫǿ󣬿
ͨʱգռ䶼һ󷨣룬ɣؼӳ֣һΰͨһ߷һɽҲԴ
˴󣬱ԺͨҪǧ򱶣ҸӼ̣䣬ֱ̩λﵽ߼λ棬ɽ
ˣ
ȻԪռںϴͷգɳһλλǿߣЩǿޱȣɷ֮˵
̩ھħǿߡ
ҶȼЩǿİǴȥħǼ̩ӣЩˣպķħϹŶȫ̩£ΪħǿսԪǸҪǿ󼸷֡
ЩϹŶ̾ھħֻ򣬲֪ǿߣЩǱ޵ǿߣһ¡Ԫ̩ǰʮǿҲҪ
̩λȻֻǷһͼλ棬ڶٸԪǿߣɾ߽ǿߣΪڱչؾޣͻɵЩ˶ֻǷëǣ̩λ򣬻ǿߡ
̩裬һУʮλǿ߷ɹԷħ䣬һѱʿ̩ӵãػķҪ߶󷨣ӭɽ
һۣ۵ķħɭɭаͷų̩ߣҲ˼Ҷȣʵˣˣɽɲ̩λ棬Ϲţ̩λǿ߲ŰλͨϣһͨͲֹɽһԽλǿһѰ٣Ҳɱ
̩λ治һССλѣ½ڱǰʲôٱͷӡ٣Ƿģɰգ
̩˵
̩ʹߴϢϾͿԴ߶ͨ
ȻԪӢ⻷ռ䣬ת̩ʩ
Ѿһ̩λ棬¿ɹˣҶ֣˺󣡡̩ٿȻ
Ҷħȶʮλ̷֣ɳףҿ룬ÿ˶֪̩ǿ꼰ء
û뵽̩ӻɽߵУѴͨͲúãĪ̩׽̸δȣǰԺ׽֣
̩ϼ޻϶ɽɨԺ׽ԼٳֶԸɽɽһһ֣вѪ
Ưڿռ֮УʮλֲսУҶȾǸӤСС
Ҷȸռڲһɲڷʼȼգһ죬ħԪӢ־ܵ١
ˡ
ͻأ֮䣬һâֱռ񷣬̩λǿգֻOO@@ʼǿ֮бԽԽܼԽԽ졣

ֲ̩λ򣬽ŻΪΣһŤŤ޵ͨȻݺ̩λ֮С
һɭɭʼ֮ͨдħһʱɫͬʱּɵޱȡ
ħЩǻľȻһ˸˽߼λʿɽλ治ȼߣһʿһӵжԿ˵츳ͨˣҲʮּɵ
οһССλ棬Ҫɽΰ֪ǷħЩǿߣҲľս
δȴò÷ëͬΪԪӢЩʿҲסȻ壬磬ûмʶ磬ԪӢЩʿͬʧȥϹҰ
ʶƣҲ⿪ʼ
̩λɽλ̫Զ̫󣬾ֶΣҲһܸ㶨ģɽĴӦþʮң
ͨٴ޲һδͣǾǰԺɨԺҪ֪ɽ֪ͳƶλ棬϶еʱ򣬾ԺԺҲû𣡡
̩ܵλ汾Դڷ仯ҶȲòüͷɽԴԴϽ̩ҲԸˣʲôԺ׽ͳͳҪ𣬾ҶȣҲɽ֡
Ҫ̩ӣɽ޼ɵ̩λ棬򣬵ʱ̩λ֮ʡ
Ҷȴһ̩֣Ҫɽ޽ɳ̩λҪΪͳƣ
̩ӺֵܷܿģѾ׼ɽٵĴ㹻Ҿͻλ籩ͨݻ٣ɽλϵΪôô棬ɽ뷨Ѿµ߰˰ˣ
Ҷˣλ籩ݻͨȻüƲߣ̩ˣħƶλ籩
ôһ˵ҶȾͷˣ̩Ӳûɽ͸¶ݣɽ֪һˣ¾Բ
ʱһȥ£ɽλӿڲʿ֪ʲôˣȴ֪һ㣬϶д·
ɽλ洫ʹ̩ӿֲҲ޷ǿƣο̩ӻûлָ˽׶Σͻָ¾Ͳɽֱҵǧ䣬նɱ
ô󶯾Ժ϶ãɽϢͻᴫ׽̣̩λͳײٰ
ͨʰƣβƽ٣ҶȾ̲סһ
߼λ潵ֳģ̩λϹйԴϹŸϷӡ֮Ѿܾûֳ淢̩ͨ£Ȼɽ֣ͨλͨ
ֳÿľţо͹ըĻңоǴҪ٣ݻλ档
̩λ棡
ССһͼλ棬ŭ£ͳͳҪ𣡡
ʱ֮䣬ڴͨȻڷһ㣬һƤҶ󹭵ȸֱˡ
Щ߾޴緽ʥ־Ƶģڴ£ǱСһͶӰǱԪ
צаض̩λ棬һһ֣飬ˮλ֮۵ǡ
찡
ЩɽȻͨ쾳߽ΪɾҲͨ쾳߽׾Ϳɾʿôˣȫӵɾ
ħһĻһˣɽ߼λʵֱ죬Ҫа̩λҪ
ɽλ桭
Ҷ֮ͨУ׺٣ֱɵͷǿǿռӡҲ޷ȫЩߵֱӳ̩λӿ
Ҫˡ̩λ棬ϾҪΪɽ٣ı䣬׽̣ɽ
˫ȭ߬ҶȫѪȣǿʿоҪ٣ӢҶ֪ġ
ССλսʲôɽɣж٣ͳͳȥ޻أ
̩վ룬һɹΰӿ֮ͨУͨ᲻ɴݡ
û뵽½ͬ࣬ΪҲͣ
ڣֳݺ£һ̤̩λ֮УȻһռ䡣
趯˫ͫ棬ȥɱˣϣ¶ǿɷһ֪ЩսöҳսϲŨɷһССͼλܳܵġ
̩ͻȻƣ
һȻ̩˭ֻ֪̻࣬Ӷ̩оʯ׹䣬Ƭռ䶼ڲһСС࣬Ȼ壬
ž
˭֪̩΢΢һָͷֱӰ̯Ȼһָͷ­ϣʱ̩ӹ£ò
Ϣ򡭡̩Ʒǿ׾٣չ޵ǿ߷緶ʱŵһСΪˣҲ
̩ӵǿЩ֪͵λҲ޵и֡


387 ë
ЩʿǸҰ֣ƤҶסҪλмҼޡ֮ģƽëѪֱһȺҰˡ
һҰ˳֣ΪһӣôҰ˳֣ǾͲǷӣһȺӣƨƨ½ˡ
ɽָ߼λ桭Ҳôˣ
ԪӢЩǿߣһԲĿ۵һȺؤһĻڶЦը˹
Щ̩̩
ͻȻһӰͨͷϿսһۣͷüëëȻҲǽɫһ˿Ƶġ
䡭
˶ű̩ƷǷŭһָŵû£ȴ޷һ㣬屬һࡣ
ڽٵͳͳ¹ظߺ
٣
ٿȻҶȫƲ㱬û뵽Ѱҵġ١ȻַʽسǰҶȲ̡֣ܳ
ԭǾĶӣоʤһ򣬱һ˸߳ʮԪ̾һͷ˯Ľ󣡡
Ҷݵ򡮾١Ȼ󾪲̾ԭʤһë󣡡
󣬳еһ֣ᣬթĶ֮һΪõ֪ʤǸʲôˣ׻˵Ĳ˳ʺʤ˶ȻҲͷĿձɵСˡ
øʤΪﵽ߽ף츳ͨӵɰ˽סŽ׵ʵ
վ֮УľʤҶȳŵذһеܾʤǿ󣬼дǧͼ칭Ҳ޷ɱؼΪ̫ͣͨףﵽɾǽֻ·һ
ǧͼ칭ǶǾҶȻںϣƿأȴûȥͷš߶ɱʤǾʤҪɱҶȣҲǲܡ
ʤһЦɨԽԽһû۾̩СıδǣҪǵ̩նɱҲΪǳͷ
ʶ̩ǿһһָͷѹˣʵŷͳͳμ̩
̩͹Գ߹ʣԴӸ߼λľʤһ̩Ӻʵ٣
ʮ򣬲಻٣λ̫ͨС޷̫̩࣬ģӻЭͨչڣڶʤһץһֳ
ʤ֮ϣƮ̩һʱԪӢǿߣҲʤޱȹʩ¼٣
ԪӢ²Ҵһɱӣںϰɣһ֣ʤڴԪӢһӡ
л٣
ԪӢ˲ѣѪͣӣǾʤָ߽ǿƶɵģǺεȸ֣ӣ޴
ЩؽҲнǲƫĵģ
ţʤԪӢʮλ֣һָһɹɷӡƮЩˣɽʥ󣬻
л٣Ժһر
һ֣õ˸߼λ棬ıֿ˻
̩뾰ʤƽգȭǴ󷽣°мӣñ
̩֮ǰ״ѾΪ׼õġι֮һʮ䣬̩İɣɽռССλ棬һڽɽɽ־СС̩λ棬λ棡
֮䣬ʹӾʤʮ棬̩ӣ̩ӿЩ棬ͫԲסˡ
ι֮û˵ϧħҪڣһ֪ι֮ʲô
̩δȫָʵΪ׼ι֮˵ָʵһ־
̩ӣҶʮ˽⣬һҪָʵ̩λ̫͵ȣֻɽ߼λ棬и߼ָ
λ֮޷ڵͼλ̩ɽĿ겻ΪɽԸ̩λ˵ҲΪι֮
õô̩ӱҲ΢仯Ȼˬ죬ǱҲС֮ˣٷģѾͬ˹ϵССһ̩λ棬ţ϶סɽһɨ죬Ϊλһˣ
Ȼɽͳʮ޴󡢸ߵλ棬Ϊ֮һľССһ̩λ棬ѵò
õ̩Ӹͼ䣬ʤ۸ڶԪӢԪӢϴα̩λֻԺڶһ׽̣Ūʲô
ӣ׽ʮأɽй׽̩λķ̳һ̩λ˼׽̺ǿ󣬸ǰԺɳλԪϲŻ׽̷̳
ԪӢǰش
ߣССһа̣ɽйôɽ˸ֶУʲô
ʤ׽̷ԪӢһ֣ʮԪǱʱȺԪӢΪ·
ಡ
ʮɽٶǿǿʵǿߣͻȻһռ䶼ڲʱһ
׳۳ٴγ֣ʮƺƵģʢǰմطԪǣҶȿһĻҲΪ֮ݡ
׽̡ɽжˣսʱᱬҪȥ̫׼
Ҷϸϸ뵽ôԺʮԿҲܾˣɽٽһôԺΣʱսϯ̩λκκʿκκκҪ
̫ŸոսΧȻλ籩ʤָ֣λ籩Ҳ޷赲̫ȽأʱΣա
Ҷ֣Ҫľ٣ΪòҪɽλҪι֮ԣԺ֣ɱɽλ棬ʵָͻɽ
ͻȻ̩ӿҶȣȻףȴӿɽѾ٣Ҷ֣̻ȥԺԺþͻ֪ϢһжʱҿԺɽһԺ˵Ҳʲôˣǵ죡
졭
ҶһЦ̩Ӳһʱ䣬ΪνԺԭ˽
ҶĿ꣬ȴһ죬ҶĿУֻһ֣Ҳ֣ͻΪ׽̡ԺɽУҶԼȴн̫˭Ҳ֪ܡ
̩֣ҾȸǣģԺһжҾͻ㣡
ಡ
Ҷȵͷشһ䣬ֶΣӷħǿǰȻʧһգ÷ħЩǿߣ۾ֱˡ
˿̣ʮԪǣռ佥ͨҲٴιرգžʤһͬ٣ʮλ֣ЩȻ׾֣ԺԪţҲǶ֡
Щǿߣ׷Ǳռͨ׷ʩչܷӡиʯͣǶ֮ͨУڵͨͨϱӭһ١
̩ԪӢΪ׼ŮһͬȥðɣѣͬˣǶˡ
Ȼʤһ֣ͨʧһƮ̩ߣһڨڨЦ
úãȤҾӣ
̩ˬӦˣӵ£ԪӢڲȥ
ͨɽ̩ͨԺ󲻶֣ͨҲм̩λ滹˭ɽ֣
֮УҶվʯ֮ϣ̧ͷͨ޾λ澡ͷĴͨУоΰ־ڲϿ̩λ档
־߽ס˽סŽʮеģһǾ̩λıߣ϶ע̩λһһȷǿ󣬾Ȼֱ͸λ棬ˡ
ʮףʵѾһˣʿӵѪ츳ͨʵѾԽɾﵽɾ磬Աȼˡ
һ̩λ棬˵ͼɰ˽׾ǿߣָûɾŽסʮ־ɽͬ߼λ棬һʤ߽ףɰ˽סŽסʮڣ潵̩λ棬Ǿ̩λѣ׽̡̩ӡԺ֣ܿ⡣
һ޴вҶһȭȥͨ
ʤڴʮ̩λ棬ȻʵԺȼ磬޷׽̿⣬ʱдǵڶ٣ôʤŻģս
׽ҲĬĬչ֮УʮڣսŻᱬڼ䣬̫ɳѻᣬҲͻɾΨһ
Ȼ䣬ҶͫһΧǳ⣬ǳһӡ
١ȸᣬͻɾժȡͷӡҶȻʩչǧͼһ㣬̫ɶȥ


388 λԨ
˶䡢һ澵ӵλ籩Ƭ򸲸ǣ¡ϯ֮ˮ޴ǿյ
ڲһش˷ţͨ˴ͨλ籩ϣûָһڡ
ķŵʥȴȻ
һҶǿɶ͸λ籩̫һһα仯Ҳܸܵķв̫ʿһ̤̫򣬾ܸܵѲʥǰ䡣
̫ǧ֮Уÿд̫ΪһŴƬ򡣲ÿֲ˸ֲ壬ûķǧʼ
ʿǧ֮н󣬴̫ҵ۹ʿṩԴʯʯȵȡ
̫ǣʥع֮С
˶ǳľǬߵУ̫¯ػ̫ǱԴṩԴԴϵ
ಡ
ǿӰӿʸɡˣʸɼ죬ʱޱʩ񣺡ǰ
΢΢ͷΪһ߽ϸ֣һǿ֮Ȼ˾ηʮ֣޽ϻΪһ񣬱˺Ѳ񷡣
ಡ
ţҶԶ쾣ҶҶҶ졢һһ٣ҶŵӶٻܹнǧˡ

һϢʱҶ콵٣Ť任ţŻλ
ҶԶһҶһǳۣʱ¶οЦݣȶΪԺ£ҶȻ·
Ժ²ʲô̩λҪսʱλشЩǿƶɣںϣʹã
һɵǱеıҾøңڵع֮Уʺͻ
ҶȣֻӴ޽зɳһڳˣһһÿ˸õͷͨһţһɻҶͷų
ɵ
һſɵʱʸɡҶԶ˷ҿɵ͸оǳи͸Ų˼Ϣ
ɵɾʿޱáǴֱʰ쿴һУ̾
̫Ҵ½̤أ߽ף߽۷壬ʱͻư˽׿ܣѾҶȵ˿
ǰΪ̫ߣͨɵûУɸ߽ҪɵѾҪ
Ҵ׽õһһǰڴΪ̫ɵɣͳͳУ
һץһ޴ˣճ֣쿴ֱ۾ôһ汦ϣ֪Զɵ
ͻͻͻ
ɵϣ׷׳ȥҲȫ֮Уһɷӡʼƿء
ññһҿһٿɵĽ׵ȼоŴ󶦣ʱ֮С
Ҷޱȸлĵǰս̫Ҳ޷ս̫ҵ۹Ҫɵ
ɵֻĽǿߣſĽƵɵһ׵ףΪ߽ףԺǶ޵еĴڣƳɵĽסס
ӴԺϣᵮɵҲ̫ҵ۹Ҫɾʿ
ʸɡ˶ڵع֮бչɵʿãЩɡͨ쾳ʿȻ޷
̫ҵ۹ʵЩɾǿߣҶǿʵ£صֻаѾҶ𡢾ҶһϣҶд½ӣҶȷ׷ٻ鵤
ɵҲ޷Щһ̤ɾ뿿򣬼ɵںϣͻɾ
зǬߵƵعյҩ͵ҶֱΪඥǽɾ
عڽ֮У˶֪̩λΣķһҲҪ
ʥ顭
ҶһԾ̤̫գʱٻϹž塣
Ȼ̫ǹ֮УɳһλλˣЩʿһǻδֻзʥ˵õҶΪṩʼգΰþ峹ѡ
ʥʥҶȣǸգΪҶǿսκһˣսǧ˿ɵ
ˣ
ʥ췽ȾˣһʮλҶǰ빪񷣬𵴣ʯ
ҶͻͻɨˣܺãʱǱޣΪ٣
ȻϴҲǸ˭һ𣡡ʱһӰϯһֻӥʳѸͲ
ˣǳħ
Ҷûɫĳħ𣬷һץһſɵ뷽ʥУһˣɵ۾ֱˣǻͨ쾳ΪпܣΪһɵͻɾһɸ߽ףҲ޷սʤ֮ᣬʿ
ҶǸӵгѪȻҶȣҲҶȿ֮УӵΰԣԿþ忪ʼգѣΪľˡ
Ǻú̫⣬һںϣ϶Ѫٴѣ
һ̫Ҷͷųһ⣬ڷʥϣ̼䣬ë׾Ͳʼ̫⡣
ʥ˿ʼǱ뽮֮УʧҶȿħƣȥһ̩λԨѰʥλԨλ֮أӵвħԣҲУ
λԨǽأڤ̫أɷħħ޷ڣȻ½͵λ棬λԨȻֲܿʵδָλԨЩѣϴдǧͼǿԽ룡
ؼϴвԣħԡԡڤ֮ϣ̫ڤڤΪѹڰԨϴ֮ˣϴǧͼԽУ⴫ͣ
ħһλԨ϶ʱ顣
λԨͬԨλԨһλײռ䣬սĽأ갲Ϣ԰Σʮ֣ˣҲ޷ɳ룬һԨ޷
ҶҲ֪Σԣ̩λ޾øֶΣλԨѰϹŷԺʷϣҲнλԨѧӣµλԨдʥ
Ϊ˾츴ˣ걥ħĥҶȱҪҵʥ̩λ滹ƽ֮УݿռУֻҶ¼Ϊݳ޵ʱ䣬Ѱʥ
ħ֪ҶѾЦϴ˵ĺܶԣλԨħԣȷһָʵȻΣգȴҲκβң
ã̶ѨҲҪһ
һƣһǿϯҶħҶǿͨ£һͳ̫·
λ·ȫǺڰûйŷһ̶ˮ
λԨλĹκʶпܴڣһһ޴ʯڣսʿʬҲ׹ԨԶڤ̷֮С
ʥǳħλ籩ǧ򣬶п׹λԨڤ֮С
ͷŴǧͼΪһҶħȫز׹̩λײԨ³ǿɫҲԽԽԽ٣ŷʧȥʧ״̬κʶ޷Ưһһ١׹䡣
һſ򲻶ϵԶȥ̧ͷһһſŷǣڹǿǹĿԣʯһѤ
λԨȻȫʧЧ
֪³˶ãҶȻ½ٶԽԽ죬ͷλԨһƽ⣬Ͳʧֱ֮׹£ˤпܣһڤ֮УҲڤɡ
ȻΣأǧͼƽʱ屶ֹ
ѣҶֻܼӳִǧͼ󣬻Ҫǿ屶屶״̬Ҷħ׹䣬Ǽ³
λĹأԩꡢħ磬λҲҪ٣ħ䣬Ҳһ
λԨֱλ԰κʶڡ
̫ȻԨѹ޷ͷ⣬Ȼ̫֮ϣ
֪ùȥҶħȫڰ֮Уһ΢ԽԽǿԨǣʮֲֿŷҶȸоͷ
ħɫɱָħڤϹ̫ڤѹԿ죬Ҳ־̫ڤϴҪĵ㣬λԨһԣǶΪԽǿʿԽƣҶǷˣܵԨѹƣ
̩λ滹ǵûλԨϹڤȫԤϣҶȻǵһμħ˽
̫ڤڵκкڰĵطɽλ棬ЩλԨӿֲλԨɡħĹأȥɽλԨе̫ڤֲ򱶲ֹǿħУ
λԨȻΣգҲǻأ̫ر칭ֱλԨǣǴǧͼֵȼҲУ
ħͷϴǧͼ˽ٶȺȻķʲôҲֻħͻȻ˫Ŀ΢գüһħˡ


389 
ͻͻͻ
ħüٴγ֣˲Ϣ֮䣬ڰ羹ȻһƬճЩճ״̬ǳħǿĴڣ̫ڤ
λԨȻʣڳħӿħУҶȿԨȻҺճ״ŨȣҪ߳ǧϹڤǿʢϧ޷
ҪֱһڣΪͻȻ
̫ڤ̫ڤ֮ħ֮⣬ϹҲ޷̫ڤοһ鷲ˡ
λԨȻֲǽףҪȥ죡ŹŷźڰѪԨҶĲս
վ̫ڤػλԨһĩоһζѰҳ·޷ȥ
ҶȼȥԨ룬һ̫ڤķ򣬿ʼԨ򣬽ţҶȾͿ˲˼һĻ
һ򣬲֪׹ԨøԪԨȫ̫ڤγɵճŷޱԨһ˿Ҷ֮дϹཨҲһжڱճʴֱҲΪһƬճҺ塣
ţ룬ͼСһһεƵƯǿգ̫ڤѾȫ飬ЩѾʴڲûһɳȫǺںҺ塣
ϴѾﵽ̩λͶˣ㿴Щڤࡢڤ̶ڤڤڤˮڤ磬ǿֲĴڣһմͱȥˣ
ͣһɹɺڰ֮ϣ·ͷȻһƬͷڤˮЩڤˮûڤˮϷȻƮһſһ߾ʬǡġԶž޵ġ
ⲻ˼鳡ҶȾˣҪ֪̩λ滹Ƿλеͼλ棬λԨֲôɽָ߼λ棬λԨǸӿֲʮ
Щڤˮûжһ£ƯŴ֫½Ƭʬ塢ʬ塢һЩϵķԣ̫ڤʴƺʵת̫ڤ
ֵĸоƣ㷢ûУλԨƺȻЩ̫ڤԴԴϣ̩λתΪ̫ڤ߼Щ̫ڤȥ˺δ
ż߼ʵڤˮҶȺȻüͷһʵ
ħ̾ϴҲܵˣλԨʵǵʴγɵģãҪѹڸʴתΪȥ죬硭Ϊڰȥ
Ҷ󣬻Ȼ򣺡ԭˣֲ̫ڤŷ޴ڣҪʴ죡ޱߵҪҲЩܣ
̫ڤ
ħȻޱߵ⣺ǿʱݺ磬նɱħɵ֡ǵɵģǵף̫ڤ䣬Ҳѹȥ򣬾ûʱڤݺµʱ
ʱĴ˵ڣǶǴ˵ĴڣҲˣżԪݱ䣬ԶعȥȷֲԨ󣬽п̩λ涼ҪڤˮЩһΪݳ
ܵǿ̫ڤҶͻȻһִƤڷ飬̩λԼڣҪҪ٣ôˡˡ˶Ҫ֮䣬׹ޱߵ뵽ҶҪ¾һҪλԨ̩λȥ
̩λԶһŶҶ޷
Һ̩λ̫ͼ͵ȣλԨҲӴϴֻҪС̫ڤУʲôǰڤ࣬ڤ½лʥ
ʥʮ棬λԨڣʥͬ˵ȷڣԵ˵ǵ
ħۻʧ˫ָһһħ濪ʼȼգһ޴ѣʼΪǰ
ԨȷںܶħԣȻΪȴҲջһЩ
˼ޱԨǰ״ճҺ壬һճסǾ鷳ˣħһǰһ˫ֽӡֱԨħԣħԣȻһС
ħۼǿߣλԨֵطҲȥ硣
ҶȿʼͷԪ񣬺ڤˮϿգĶţһ׹ڤˮͻᱻɣκͨ޷ѡ
ǧͼٴμӳ֣Ҷȿ£˺ǰڤˮȷ̫һ¶ûмͷǻľͷԶûг·
ǴǧͼҶħҪԨ̫ڤɣѹһ޷⣬ʧȥƽ⣬ͻᱻ̫ڤʴΪһʬǡ

Ȼںڰͷһֵķ籩Щ籩ڤ磬硢λ籩Ǽʷ籩ҪֲĴڣһߣҪΪ֣ڱ̫ڤֱӹħ޷Կ̫ڤֻ·һ
½ȻǱ̫ڤȫʴĴ½ôҲ֪̩λĸʱĴ½׹ģ
һߵĴ½ͻأشӺڰ֮Ҷ˫һ֣ǧͼ˲ʧħ𽥽½ɫڤ֮ϡ
ͣ
˽ŸڤϣͷĦѰŵҶȻһû뵽ڤ˴Ȼ̫ħͬѾ
ħѵõģڤȻ½Ѿ̫ڤͬԴԨһ֣飡
˼ǰںҹжһħ⣬ǰħȻڤеħԣҶ򲻸Ҵ⣬̫ڤʵǿᣬҶֻʩչ
ôһ߾ʬǣһ෨
֪˶ãҶͻȻҲ࣬ʲôڶħһգȻһϹž޵ĹǼܣʮɸߴʬڤ֮Уھ޺֮УһԶŷͷųԣʵǿ
ʵھܲסջҶȻֳץȥҶҶУȻ绢
ɡ
ħͻȻҶԱߣֹҶȶȡϧҶѾΪʱѾǼ
ô£Ҷųħɢʵ
ħɫ࣬͵Щʬǣ˵Ѿ̫ڤ˵ʶΪڤޣǿɾ߽ף˲£
ҶȻǵһ̾һڤޣ
ǡ
ոնԻϣʹǾ߹Ͼʬ֮УǼĦѡҶ̿ȥ־ʬǾȻ˹ƵģǼ֮ͷ̫ڤңһ˳˯־

ڤ޻ڤ֮ѣңǹǼܴ֣ȻǼƺ׼Ҷȡħնɱ
ƣ
Ҷȿɲڤɣ򣬰ճħ˵λԨڤ޵ض֣ǹϳ֣һʥǹȻɱڤǼ롣

ʥǹڤ޹Ǽϣо˽ϣҶȸоֱ۶ڷ飬ڤһ鶼ûУڲϻָɡ
̫⣬ӳ֣ƣ
ָڹʥǹ֮һĨһɹʼŹʥǹڤޡ
¡ǣ
ӳ̫Ĺʥǹֱ죬һǹȥֱӰڤ޺ϡãڤĹǼܣҲʼ飬Ҷȳһ֣ڤǼϹŷ޽䣬˴ӱը֮зɳ
Ҷȳڳħߣ˲亹̬һǹĽ׶û뵽ڤ˿ֲ
ħ޲ŸոӵڤʶҪһڤޣϴ϶Ƕ֣
ħƺڤʵָƣһֱûг֣Ȼǰڰָһһħ˲ȥϴ㿴жڤޣ
⣡
ħڤҶȾˣڤ֮Уšվšǵ־ʬǡʬǶڤ֮У֮࣬۶
Щʬǡʬǣŷ˵ڤޱţڵȴٻһѣͿ̤죬ֱȡá
ضǻδѵħޣҶˣǺҪûгħ֪ҪѶڤޣʱ֮ء
Щڤ޴󲿷ֻȡڤʶ֮УЩʧܣеĻɹϾǵڵħҲΪڤޣһڤޣͱλ棡
ħһץħ˹ҶҲͣСħǰںҹ֮̽
ˣ
ȻںڰǰһˮԨ磬Ȼ촫
ǰڤҶȴ־׼ôǧͼշС
ԣλԨģκ岻ֻس١
ħͻȻüͷ壬һɣٴһħ⣬ʼ޵ȥһΰ餳С
餳̫ڤɾ޴ΰһԨƯڤ֮ϣ˵һرȻ̫ڤ֮л̺
һֻС񣬲֪ӺδȻշУΧŹ餵Ƥطȥ̫ڤӾء
ǡǵ֮еġ񡯡ã
ħͻȻɫ䣬ŷ񣬷һ̾
񣿡Ҷȸû˵δħ˽ţƺһֻСС̺޿ֲ
ǿߣ⣬ֻޱߵǿĵҴû˵λԨе֣̩λֵͼλԨӵôڤޣ϶йŹ֣ߣħͷһǿϯҶתӡ
֨֨
ͻȻǾ޴餵Ĺ׸ƶһֻϴִųħҶȷȥһץڵ򣬾ȻȫС餷
ʱ餹׸ȫƿһ𿴲գ֪Ӱع֮и飬ͫȻڤ⣬ֱһˡ


390 ʧ
ˣӾ޴֮Ưͻأëս̧ͷסգ巢֨֨ؽĦܾûжһ罩ʬֱӲ
Ż˳֣ڵڤȫգ̫ڤ£ֻ񻺻һ˻ӻ˷ˣһӵг͵ħӵħϢһӵвࡢʥȻѡ
񣬿ȥѰˡУҪ֮ͨС
˵ֻ꣬ͷ֮Уˮ֮У֮еһˣвˡ
ٿٿ
ţҲٴγ֮Уʧ׸ԶعϣħҲ˲ϨλԨָš
ơơ
һڡȫ̫ڤиаͨڣҶȹһˣͻȻһֲ籩ֳոճ֣ҶȾͷħʧȥϵңȻ޷ͨ
ʲôطʵڹĺܣ
Ҷȸо鲻޷ݣڱԷӡҶ̳ԸӦΧȫһƬޣʲôرû֣ȷһ㣬ﻹ̫ڤ׵Ŀռ䡣
ǧͼ
ҶȻһץһɹɴǧͼʼֳҶ׼ôǧͼӦ̫ǷϢȥ
ãҾȻ޷ӦĴڡ
¿ɺãոմ߶ǧͼ׼Խص̫ǣ֣Լ޷Ӧ̫ǣҶȴһ޷ţҪ֪̫ԼԴںϣȥɽ磬Ըܵ
ң뱾ϢϢأȥﶼԸӦڣκϢûУܸܵλԨ޵ıԶûоͷûг·
һ㣬ǴǧͼȻ޷ʹãʧȥƵġ
ܣܣǧͼλ꣬硢ɽ缸λ棬ǧͼʧȥӦ
ѵѾǴǧͼڵ磿϶λԨ̩λײѣô
ˣ㱼Ҽ˹˴ڣͷŵҺͳħħɢ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˼ʼ侲ǰ󶨸ͻأֵĹϣǹ餣Ȼй졣
Īǹһռ䷨ڣħͱ֮УڶٸԪ֪жϹŷԽ˴ǧͼҴǧͼҲֻĪǹһԽǧͼĴڣôܽǧͼ
ϸϸһ룬ƺܿ϶ǹ餿϶һӵжռķһڴǧͼ֮ϡ
̩λ桭һСС͵ȷλ棬׺һڶֲϣô취
һ̣Ҷȳɻݴǧͼ֮ϵķǶ־ڣôɺϵس̩λ棬˵ɽλ
¿ɺãĴǧͼʧȥã³Σһռ䣬Ϊ޷ȥѵҪӡ
һ£ĲҶȺȻüͷһҪҵƣһа취뿪˵Ҳҡֻ֣Ƿռ䣬ճ˵ͨ޷жϵģ
룬ֻζ䣬ؿռһԴͷŷٷжȥ
ҶҵǣռڲûڤˮڤֲֿڣҲûڤޣʧȥǧͼҪЩֲڣҶȿûл·
öն飬֪ȥһãһɣ
ʮһ·ϹҶſռһӵգǿնգһһţҶǳԿնûΣգȻӦħȴȻû䣬ֻѡһնС
Ƭնգоһͨ㣬Ҷ޷϶Ҫͨô޴ģնռֱһ磬Ҫô޴ͨôǺεһޱߵ硣
ַʮ죬ҶΪͷ߱һ㣬նٴγֳ
ȻҶðһա˵ȥЦͷǾǣ·ˣ
·һ˵ѰʿֱƻЦʿںϣԶҲ޷·ڣû꣬ûϤԪֻв̫ڤ¾ˣҲһҪ·
ԣʱ·Ҳһ¡
ڣһȫİδ֪磬·ͺΣˣһСģͻܵأƿء
ģ浽ʲôط޵ĿննٿնԶûֻء
Ҷȿһû취ֻѡһնðգѰҳ·
࡭
֮мۣȻ֮УһҶͣоЩϤ˻İ磬κϢûУôҶԳ׼ߣͻȻɫһ䡣
ѵ񣡣ҶȲڤǹ֮ǰƵҶȾ鷳ˣǳħ𶼿־壬Ҷһˣܲɵ
ҵˣɣ
ͻȻһֻ˸Ϣľ˴ųֱӴӿնպ֮ǰƴСɰɾ޴󣬾һϹžް
⡭һĻҶףΪʲôħһֻСС˼ɵҶת붼룬ʼ·
ҶȵͷܣȻ࣬ӣܣܣܺãСߺ󣬺ܾû棡
˭棬ȥͷĸɣ
˵ҶǿЦã̲סһʩչȫûоͷշȥϽ̫͸ʥ⡣
ҶȻͷʥ⣬ʱĴڣԭ㣬пɶʥ⣬ٻ㣬ԨҪץȥ
ѵҳְڤ޺ɱǿ̣ͷų̫ϢֻҲˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶˣλԨ̫ڤڵĺڰ磬ޱߵ̫ǲ̫ڤ̫ѣħռ䡣
һͣκɻ˲ˡ
̫ڤԿ죬Ҷ̫Ը߸ϵ޵ĴУΪȻ̫λԨֳ䣬̫ڤ
ڤ
ವؼ£׷ҶϷſ죬ҶȾһ磬ʱһźɫͷѹٵƣһҶ
ٿ
Ҷ֪̫ڤİԵ˵ħóοҶڻһɾδ޵õķˣ֣ʩչȫڤһ̣ӱԵӴܳȥޱգӿٶȷɳۡ
ɶ࣬Ϊ˵ͣȻӵٶȣ
ƺûϵҶȻڤ֮ȥʧңҶһʧ֮УĴ׷ȥ
ٿ
ոһȻҶʧһɳһʥǹңͷ칭ֲơ
ǡƷ
¡
ûϵһ׷ɱߣȻңͷ˿ֲĹ̺Ʒոһȴ޷ȫ㿪ʥǹУȻը
͡
ȥһ񣬴ӱը֮׹䣬ڰͣסȫ·ʼϣ飬Ƭտնеʣ̫ڤ񱻴ݻٵİȻȥ
ø࣬ҾȻС㣬û뵽ܴ߷ƷССһˣħǣǸӣץȥֶһ̫ڤʿ
䣬ͻָң֮ǰӴʮһʯƯڿնա
ڤ
һĶ򣬾Խգһնϵ㣬Ͷһնȥ
һŴȥ
ʲôȫһ칭Ȼ޷ɱһΣ±˶ޱȣȥô֣
ɳڿնеҶȣȻתһͼһŴɣѣٴٶȣĦĻۼһŴûգ֪ȥ˺δ
ӣҿӣǺǣǧˣһ࣬ħ
ͻأɱ̫ڤ磬ϧʲôʶûУһ̫ڤ磬˲򱬡
ʩչȫҶڲ˶ɱʷ⻹ĵһδԵ׷ɱҶ׾پͻΪģͷ񣬼ֱǵᲢ۵ģ˵һ죬һٸ죬Ҳ֡
ǰճħ˵ޱߵǾǵĴڣħҲҪ
͡
ޱ߼ʵĿնգһ۲ϵ˸ǻǳ֮УҶͷȫƴӴܣܸоڤʱʱ̿β޷ѣƺնƿأһ
һֱȥҶȴһնգͷֲ巽δҲ޷Ӧħ䣬ֻ
һ¡¡һ굯ָҶȾûоͷŵĿռ磬һ㣬ԶҲ޷ҵ
ȥǰ취
ҶȻȻۺ񣬺ڵӵʯʯҶȵھǴСǿԴԴ˱̬֪ӱ̬Ҷ鲻Զ
˦ֻаնɱһΣǿ״̬߶칭ҾͲţƷɱ
֮䣬Ҷ׼ȫ߶ͷ칭
칭նɱǿߣʯ䣬ҶھҲǽȣȫ߶칭նɱ߽ס˽Žǿߣʮ״ԲǿߣҲһնɱ
ҶȾͲţɱһͷСС


391 
ȫˮӿҶȲնգֱ֮䣬ֶһץɱ¾ħԵ칭ٿȻ֡
ؿռգ칭ֳȻؿռѰԵɱ¾ѹȥ칭һ̩ͨͨλ棬Ҷʩչͷž춯¶Ҫɫ
칭ѹʣ΢ãѣڲȻƷɱ¾ԣƷɽҲҶȾͲţ޷ɱһֻ
һʥǹֳϵҶȱעУʥǹԽâС
̫⣡
ȻǿһȻٲ̫⡣
̫ڰҶǷˣ̫Ҳڷ˽׶ΣҲ̺ԣκκڰҪĨɱ
̫ڤ̫ǿߣźڰ̫ڤ޺ڰǣȴ̫⿪ٹ棬̫Ǻڰħħڤ嶼Ҫնɱ
ҶУ̫ţ֮УĿ޵񼣣֤εɢ˺ڰ
ڿնռ۷Уһ۾޳գһֻ޴ոڣӥˡ
ɶ࣬˾綼ٶȾȻ˿죬Ʒȥһ·鷳ˣ
ٿȻӿٶȣջһߣ˲Ϣʧ
赹ùû뵽̩λԨ˿ֲ취λԨȻΣء
ץס칭ʥǹѾò࣬ҶٶȷһЩʱ׼ʱҪ֮ڣ԰ٷְٰɱ
񸩳ŷѾҶȣЦ֧Ųסˣɣ
ʥǹ칭ɣ
ݡ
칭ȫ߷ƷٿȻʥǹʼںϣʥǹͬһħһλ񣬲ֹȥ
ţʲôر𣿡
ڷ;УȻǰնգоһɹɱϢͻȻĶ򣬸ı䷽𾪴У찡ǹɳԽħ
ϧٶ̫æոշһ̣ʥǹʹ̫ͬһҫۣ˲޴
ɶ񰡣Ϊʲôѹϵ̫ڤ
ʹշڡʹЦʥǹΰţһɹħ໥ƣڲʼ
͡޴ŷѿʥʥ⿪ʼʴʹţ˫Ѫ죬ͻȻһ磬һźӰͻأ
֮ٴᣡ
ʥڰҪȫʱܳɳһźɫӣ˲ѿһ̫ŵĺڰʼ壬̫⡢칭ħҲ֧ʼɢ
ССڤץסңɱҲڿߡ
ҶĿһɺӰӰҶУڤҪĶ࣬ҶȲʼûߡ
ٿ
ҶȸոշɳףͻȻһɺӰ̧ͷһƬգǾ޴Ӱ綼ֱ֣ĩ٣һֱӰסҶȿȥһֻС޷
⡭
ҶΪûгԽֵٶȣˣпܣæʩչǧͼͼȻﲻã޷󣬺һйͶʧЧˣֱ˵ǵأһ֣ضҪ
ҶȲͨףܶԿΰ̫ŵ
ǡ
ۿҪȫոҶҪʩչֶΣǿɱһ·һͻȻ֮Уʱ֮䣬ʼᡣ
Ҷţֻ̫ͻȻɱһȻСָᣬƺضʧȥϾҪױ⡣
㲻֣첻
ͻȻһŮӼӺڰ֮д

ʧʧҶû뵽·ɱҧжԿ˵ô࣬һʩչȫ˴ӱѿڷ˳ȥ
̫ȻˣСƬʱ֮С
Զգ־ϲ̾ȻſնȾˣһ̫֮ˣ
ͻͻͻ
һΰ̫źڰâգأڽ£ֱӴ˲䱻ա
ͶӰʱƽ٣Ư֮ϣ䲻һ̾ŶⲻɵħҲ塢⡭ѵǲԣ
̫źڰâ֮ʥħ£ͳױڰâӡȥҲϵرĴ򣬹ؿˣԣˣĪһõ֮еࣿ
԰ûгֹˣһˣȻӵ˲ԣλ֮УλĸߣһҪץסˣʳݡĴУһҪ𣡡
СټֳȻƬʱգȥѰң˺С㣬ֲСٴߣ
´һȻͶӰͻΪһ̫ڤȻںʱ֮Уŷˡ
õӳ֣ҵڱ֮ǰǿ󣬲ڱСϵĲԣѹȥ
ǿɶ񡭡û£֮ˣãһҾѹһĴУ鳹䣡
ХһĶſѪײɱա

ڶһƬ֮У˺ڰǺڰȻԶɢ̫ڤҶȾ㵷֣֪Ϊξһ磬λԨҪֲҶͷ̫Χ۱׺ʱ顣
ˣղžҵŮ˭
ޡޱ߼ʵ̫磬Ҷֳ˯ĸоһһѵǱ޵Ĺǿߣ̩λԨ֮ڣ
ֻħпλԨ棬һħܣ˸Ӳܣû뵽̩λԻز¶
Ҷ߰죬Ȼûз־ͷ޵ѹ֣Ҳ̫ڤ̫ճѾ壬Һ壬һΣͻڣҶһҪ̫ڤȥһҪάֻһ̫ڤƣҶȾпܳ١
ռ깦Ҫȥҵʥ뿪λԨⷨռǱ̬̫̫󣬼ֱͲǷһʵĿռ䣡
ԶڷռڣһҪҵڣǣͷһͷûУòʧȥġ
û뵽һˣնɱ
䣬һӰȻѹѹգȻ󻭳һߣʧˣֻһƤȵ
ҶפͣѰӰϧ޷ѰټǿԪҲ޷ӦԷʵڸҶ̱ȭʩǰлҶȸм
ȿȡ
ڿ֮УַӰؿ˻ƵҵȷǰҶȣ
λǰ˼
ҶһԷǸŮӣװǻԻҶ֪֮ԣ̩λ棡
֪ҶԱţԷȴİغߵ̩λ棡û˵
̩λλԨ֮ϵ硭
ҶȺƣһڲռ֮УҲ̩λ֮УôԷһ֪ԷʾûֻһֽͣԷ̩λԨ֮ǰͽڲռ䡣
Ҳ˵λ磬λ˵ŮӣѾ˷ڲռ䡣
ˣãã磬̫λ棬λ磬Ҳǵλ磬ҲǷˡħĴǧ磬λ磬Ȼ򡭡
Ů֮֮һӰҶǰճ֣ӰȻų̫ڤŷҲһ̫ڤͬԴ
Ӱֹͣ󣬴гһλصŮʮ꣬ñѩףüĿ续ʤѩƣֲʧöˣ˼˰һλǰǸǧ
Ҷһʵڴ⣬û뵽ԿħȻһλֲͨڷŮʩ񣺡ǰ
ŮƲƲ죬˴ݣȻ㿴ͲҪڳƺΪǰʲôǰģԽҽ㣬ҾͽҶȣ
㣡ҶȻǲҷȻԷѾôƺҶҲن£ٴʩ
Ҹճ棬˭׷ɱ㣬ģƥĳ֮һһˣܰնɱˣ
ҶȲ֪Է˵˭ɻƥ򣿡
Ӧüƥܺϣһˡֱӵ
ˣ
ˣĪǾǹеǸˣҶһȻǸǰλǿ˵Ȥ˾ûκİС
գɫȻȥסĵطһ£϶֪ͨƥ֣ҾҪС
С㣡Ҷٴˣû뵽һλСڡ
ಡ
ûҶȻعһͰ˾ߣʧںڶ֮С


392 еľ
ͻͻ
ص̫תȻ֮䣬ҶȷϢͬˣһȻһն磬֮УȻƯһʥྦྷӨϵıŷ̫ʱƯƶ
ǺΰȻֳն̫ڤںϣУҲһɲڡ
Ҷ̲סʵ㣬ĵ
֣³ԣ֣ȻָСϢ֮УС֪ҴСͷҵģ
ؼ㻹ǰҴС㣬֪ˣҶǱɰӴˣӵ𺳵ȴµŮ
ģСڳ˯֮Уκ˶ֻҿԣİɣСػߣ
òҶȾ̤ϱ
ոմһءԶŵͻȻҶ壬ʱ̫Х̫Ҳɹϵ
⡢ʲô
ֳҶȻǵһμ̫̫ûȡڣŷ̫һңͬԴϢ
ѵȻǷǺ嫵ɽλ棡ڣҶֻһ͡
㡭
ͻı仯һԵҲĿɿڴΪҲ𾪣ʵ㡢֮Уôӵ
߽ͨסƣ
˱ص̫̫࣬Ҷϵѱ䣬ըٴηëϴ裬õҶȷŷԡ̲ȫңǿǰҶȾǸӣҲûô
޴ı䣬ڱ£Ҷֱͷ󣬹ϻ¯ٴȼգŵŵ˺ŷڻ¯Щη塣
ڻ¯ȼһ̣Ҷ˫ͫͷŲ⣬ֱһȭȥ¯һˣҶȫʼ飬ֿʼε飬ֹձŷΪҶȶ׼
ͻ߽֮ͨҶȸоޱȣң˱ﵽ߽ͨףѾԽ˳״̬
Ҷ̶𾪵͵㣬˼˵ǡÿ
ôСĪǣѵѵԣǲ鴫ߣ
һ̣˫ͫŴƺֵ࣬ʵ
ô˵׼ȷ
ⷬҶҲͬȣҪ֪ԣһ˸ͨħҲ޷ȴҶȲµòħ̩ӡǧһǿˡ
ˣ޷ԣ˽ԣɽλ棬ħ˵Ż֮е
϶֮ǰҶͬĴߣôһ۾Ϳ
ֲҪƴ׷ɱ㡭һŷ뵽顣
ͨ˽סƣ
ҶȻڲͣձصҶȴδģң̫ڤںϣȴų⣬ؼҶ˿ų⣬һڣӿʮҶȼЧ
ͻȥŷ뵽ʲôµ飬ҪֹҶȣϧѾˡ
¯ٴγҶΧǻҶѾ޷ͻ־ѹȫڳѣһȭȥͷͻ־
¯һȭͱҶȴˣȻҶٴαըձҶǿ󼸱˲壬һص硣
û뵽Ī뷨ռ䣬ȴͻͨ˽ס
ԭ߽ͨףҶҪͻƣÿҪʮңҲ˵Ҷȴͨͻʮ״ԲҪʮʱ䣬ڣؿռ䣬ձҶ˲ʹأͻ߽ס˽ף߽ͨס
һ֣һ͸о֮ҶиоҪ񣬿ԲǱܣȻ޷նɱ⣬ңͻͨ˽ףҶĶԿס߽˽ס
Ҷͻƣת䣬Ѿ÷ˡȥȽϣ⣬ֻҶȱ֪
֮ߣٴᾪСģߣһ࣬΢΢£Ҷǰ
ҡ
Ҷȸտ˵˵һ֣ȻһƲеƣУߵˣҲˡ
ˣСġ
Ҷȴǰһ֮ʧֱţͷ亹æҧȥ
ú嫵Գħ𣬸ûзĻᡭ
֮УҶ̲סɪɪ֮ûвǰ
֮ʵǿҶ֪Ƕ֣һӣҲֲˣ֮ͻȻҪɱ²һҶȾˡ
ǡס
Ȼŵ׳أ֮˲ʧҶվһ߱ǰΧǱѩ磬ﲻλԨҲǷռ䣬һ硣
ףϢͬҪϡˣ
Ҷ߳Ŀڱ֮ϣȻ͸͸Ĺ׸ǣȻ֣һŮӣסݵ֣ͿƶһŮӡ
۱Ҫ򱶣ƽ磬ŮӣǹʥŮŮ
Ůӷŷȥһ룬ûҶһԣĿⱻŮգסˣûмǾգңŮϢ֮УоһůƺΪҶ˱Եʡ
֮˼壬ҲĪǰλŮӾޣ̣ˮӣüˮѩԼӣҲŮһò
ڱչ֮У˫ַ¸Ϸһ˯ˣڳ˯֮УҶȿͷŷ𣬱Ҳһռ䡣
ǷֶΣѾħһǲŮҶŮӣòŮϣһֻߡϢҶȸоЩ΢
ҶپŮԯġᡢӨӨˡʥ칫ûһˣǰŮȣϣҲ޿ɱȣŮŷǸ߸ϵŮ
Ůӿȥʮ꣬Ǵ䣬ҶŮӣ֪ΪΣȥŮӴӱ֮бů
еС㣡
΢侲Ҷһ뷨Ҳѹȥ⻹ǵһΣиŮˣҶԵͷ

Ȼӱ֮ͷһââոսӴҶȣҶڵĲģʼâںϣʼų⣬ܿҶЩ£ʼںϡ
ŮӣȻۣһ˲䣬ҶԣŮӻӱ׶嵭ĵȻ֮ˣ
ԣҡ
ŮƯҶǰӸ£ףŮӼĵԭҪͷ㣬ԣڲ飬һλᡣ
С㣡лҶ˸æл
ŮͻȻɫޱȣһȫңΪˣûʸӵԣ㣬һˣԽ
ԣ
Ҷһüͷ޴޲Ƹ񼣣޵ȥ׷ѰˣҶȼϵܸ㣬ϣ죡
ҷңŮһɱ֮ͷų
ҶҡҡͷǷ㣬˵֪󣬲Ķ֣ҪҵĲƸܣҵģؽңκҲòߣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷһ㷴˼ҲûУ޴ĲƸҶȲܽˡ
ǾԼȡ
ŮͻȻɳҶͷǿԿȥǣŮǰȫʧȥãŮһѹҶͷ­֮ϡ
һΣҶһоȻգɼ
ҪҲܱ˲ڽ¡
Ҷзźţǣ̫̺̫⣬ʼȥ
Ů֮УʼҶڵĲԣǰ޷ģԣΪһˣûʸӵвԣ
ţ
һʥ⿪ʼŮͷųʥ⣬ȻŮ֮ʼڻŮӴʧɫܡܣһ˵ԣΪʥ࣬˹
ٴͷţģʼѹһɹʥ⣬ҶڲŭޱȣǣѾҶȵ£֮Ľ
κԣҶڻһŮӾȻ޷ʥ⣬ʱһ֣һԶͬʥֻûʥѣʼʥ⡣
񣬲£ȥ
ͻȻһϵҶͷų
顭鲻ܴڷ磬硭Ůһ𣬱Ҷڹϵסˡ
ŮӻͷŸǿƣŷ̩ܰλ涼һ㣬ʥѹ
ߣֻл𡭡
ǸϵٴδҶͷųҶͬʱһؿڸоޱȵůʱ񼣵һγֵĸоٴθ֣ŹâҶţΪͻȻŮӲɱ
ǡ˵еġ壡
¡
Ůӷ֮Źɽ˲ŮԶײһһʱ䣬ѩռˣų˱Ҳʼʥ飬Ҷ˷˳ȥһʥ⿪ʼ
ܡеľ壬Ϊλһϡ
ŮӱɺԶıһߣǿɰ


393 ڤ
С㣬
ıŮһ䣬ҪΪҶ顣
Ůӷǳ⣺㵨֪ڴҰ˴ǲǷҪвŸˣ
ҡҡһͨίޣȴֿ޲µĺӣɫϲŭѶ
£ȷһߣǷϣԲͬ죬գҵڣٴѣԶ˯ȥ
ŮӰѷŭͷű֮顢ٵıҶ־ϲ׼ߡ
˵Ů绢һһߣ
Ҷ˵ΨһĿģߣŮǿֶߣҪּǿߣǲܵ¡
С㣬ɱҲǱƥ׷ɱǡң˶ܻ£Ů顣
ˣŮһ˵˲䡣
ˣС㣡
ͻȻһֻϵĴ֣͵ץŮӡѸ͵ץֳֻֻÿֲݡ
Ůһ󱳣գۼ䣬һ֮Ͱһɺڵ֮Уߣ
ֲֻ̫ˣûᣬЩ˶̫죬˵û뵽·ɱôһֻ̫ŵĴ֣Ҷһˡ
ٿ
ŮӸ޷ӹֻֻ֣ܻһʱ֮䣬翪ʼγɼ̷ֻ͵ڱ֮ϣΪ֮һ𣬾ն綼ڲ
ѾǷ˵Ҳͨħֻ̩λ棬¶ᱻ˲ץ飬Ϊ٣磬쳣Ůӱѹ޷ƶ
ٷˣС㣬֪ոѣûлָѹţϷȥɣϴ񣬽ߵף
ȻֻСٴγ˯磬һжǳ˯ģûмƣûйȥδԶس˯ȥɣ
һ˻Ƶħһ㣬Ƭ̫ڤԽĳأŷһǿߣҪ綼챻ѹˡ
Ǻεεǿ󣬿³ħ𶼲Էʮ֮һ
ϡԼӡ˯
ŮһѪڴΰѹ£Ѿ޷֧ȥգĮȻ̫ǣҪһɾ磬˯ȥԶҲҪٻ֪𣿡
ǵմСѡʼҪٻģ޷ѣΰĸ޷ı䣡
Ǳѡеߣ㽫ı硭ǲͬµĻ絮һнС㣬˯ɣ˯ȥŻֻȥ
ǸɱһһС㣬֮УûŮӵС㡢
ΪʲôûȥΪʲôҪ޽ֹֻȥߣΪʲôòŮӺȻһָ翪ʼҪʧһ
컯ȭ졭
Ů֮Լһ̣һΰʥ⣬ɵΪһȭĿ̫꣬ڤĴ֡
ŮӺȻֹͣӡʥɵȭһ̣һҪʥ⾻Ĵǡ
ֻ־ȻѸ͡ŭһƣ͸ޱȵĺڰɶ񣬸ĺᣬȻڹӲдشţϧ߸ϵ飬ȴѡһΪ̳ߣ𡭡
컯ڰʧ
ʥ컯ȭ֮УҶϵ
¡һ컯ȭ̺˵һʽڶʽ죬ʥ컯ȭ˲̫ڤתĴ֮ϣһʱ䣬ûкڰֻ޵ʥ⣬ʥնտʼҫ
ɢնգȻһ޴תͨ飬βûоͷ
С㣬ǿߣ
ʥ⿪ʼ˲䣬һƬϵ̫ڤѹȥڹҪŮһ̣Ҷ˲֣һʥӡŮӣ籩һߡ
ѵĹʥ񴫳У
С㣬ӲˣҲ޷ߡţϷ򲻾þͻץ㣬ң٣
ʥ֮УĴ֣Ъ˹ķŭͻȻһֻСĴ֣ʥ֮
ӳˣ
һնգҶȷӡŮֳΧһųҶʱ
Ӳȥģ뿪ЩϹͨŮӱʥӡһɫĮȻûһ˿ݡ
ҶѵһŮҪˣҶĨɱˣΪھ㣬ֻУ֪ﵽʲôطôҲ߲ȥ
ͻ
ʱֻСֻаɵĴ֣Ӻգ͵سץ
ƣ
ŮһҶͷŵʥӡһһˣŮ˵ӡʲô
Ϊʲôҵ̫⣬޷ӡ
̫Ҷ̣ν֮ԴʩչķӡȴŮ׾ƽ⣬ҶȴܴоŮӺֻǰʲôǡ
˵ôҲӲȥġ
ƽӡ֮Ůһץһɺڵгˣ֮£Ȼ˿˿Ȼһ硣
Ⱥϼһ׷˶ٸԪֱߡ
ŮתͻأץĴ֣ӡһɹ֮γɵؿʼֺȻӭȥ
ߣ
Ҷ֮࣬ŮӴһתҶȣͳǺڵԾȥ
ʲô磡
ոսУҶȾͿ硢½ءɽǳǳأһģһ綼ǻɫģɽˮǺɫģңϢȻ̫ڤǱȿնգŨҵ̫ڤ
磬ȻŨң̫ڤΪףһһ˹ϵ̫ڤһ˵ϣڰޱߡ
ŮӣһĨһɫ£ʥȡһɫ˿ס˵ˣ뿪ͨӦöʲôΣգ
ͨ
էȻһҶȸìܡɻ̩λԨȻĪһռ䣬ôǴͨĪǿԿһλ޴
ꣿ
͵һҡͷԣУҿɵȲ˶ãҵˣѣڵһȥҪ뿪
뿪
ŮһһĨããҺ磬оո¹ҺڳߵޱߵĵħҲ޷ȥ
ʲô
ҶȲ־ֵؿŮӣ˵еĵôܴڣڣô
Ů͸Ųã̫ϢǷˣвеĴǧ磬֪ʲô˵ֻǴ˵ȷǵв磬˻ĵײ㣬ǰ磬ããеһɳ
Ҷһסˣ̾ţǸֻܽܳĵطֻеʿſԳ룬ǵҡû뿪Ŀԣ
У˲ԣңҿԿȥղһ֮ǶֲĳϵϣõĴߣľˣ
㻹δʶʲôħµĵطҿ뿪ޱߵϾҲǵһ֣
Ů˵
ѡңȻĵҳְ㣬У֪ﵽʲôطγȥȻѾõ𰸣ȸˣ
Ҷ͸ˣû뵽ڵزȥ̩λ棬ôˡˡѣӪ̫ͳͳҪ
뵽ҶȾȹϵϣôҲܰҲӦҵʶ϶а취뿪
ȿȡ
ŮͻȻһ³һѪ˺ʧȥ֧֣תǿգǲ򣺡ɶ񡭡Ȼҡ
䡭
̲סŮӵڵϣһɹ̫ڤҵزΧ桢ʼᡣ

Ůֱϣʼӿɫ·ϵ죬ŮʹİţضΪ֮ݡ
ǡ
ҶȱߣǿŮʹ࣬Ĳᣬҧתһɹ̫⣬ƱŮӵ㣬̫⿪ʼŮ壬Ҳʼɢ
õ̫ӳ֣Ůʹ᲻٣ʵ㡭Ϊù壿飬˭
ҵܣȸң˭Ϊαǿ׷ɱܣ±һҪ࣬ؼϣܸ뿪İ취
ҶȳûʵҶߣ໥
ԽڤҵݣԶҪ֪Ϊá֮ߣҪסԶҪԶҡ
Ůӡڤ£˵仰ͳ˹ȥ
Ǹ鷳
ҶСڤȻޱߵĻҰȥĿĵ̾ƣ㵽ںδ
ûһˣҶǱߣģⲻǿЦô


394 
ĵȻ޷գǣҪڵȥҲΪſԣ
¡ǵһķˣңֻýߡ
ɼһ˷ٻĹ£Ҷȱų˯ڤ֪жãһֱںڰߣʯֲͳͳǺɫģ̲̫ڤе֮
ϣֱӰҶѹסҶҲ⶯̫ҶȷԼ޷
̫֮ڤҶȶ޷̫ԴԪڵ˿ԪûУҶһһ㣬޷ֲ޽ӵвʯʯҶҲ˷ѡ
ʱ޷ȥٶʯʯãؼһлȥҪǲΪӪΪԺϸϸ㡣
˱ĵأҶȸоѹʯ·ٺֺˮϢа
ŵǸ壬ޡԹڤħԵȵȣֲĴĪڶħ˵ڵ϶ħǿɱħ־Ĵڡ
ҶڲٹżϿشţ˵̩λԶʱҲٹħ̩λ췭ظҪ̩λɣһλ콵ܣӡ˶ħ̩λͻˡ
ħڵǸ߹ĴڣҶ룬Լôùɣħϡ
ħ̩λԨѰʥΪ˭룬޴֮󣬾
ʲôײ㡢Ͷ˵Ĵڣʳγɵ磬пԷӡħĿֲڣħҪӡֻ·һ
ȻҶڤͻͨ˽ףССͨ쾳ڵƨһȻù͸ȿˮܰ
ˡ
ãĺڰԭ֮ϣҶڤԽɽ룬ͻȻɽһһײ
ǳˡ
ôЩ죬¶ܵ壬Ҷ־ϲһ֣·һϲȻлƣҶųħӦҲǴӴͨ硣
ħһħۣҶһֱΪħ򵥣õֻۣҵħ𣬲ϣȥɲ񼣽ڤ
ǳǳأȻһ޴Ĳ䣬ׯ
Խߴɽ룬վݺύɽ֮ϣҶΪΰ׳۵ĵǳأ֪ȴһܴĴӣӾж󣬼̩λ治֮УһͨǳشС
жû֪һССӣͿһǳأҶЩ𺳵˵
Ӻܻϵֺ֮УӽǻʯʽʯķӣǱڳɽ
ַ˰ʱ䣬ҶȲűڤһ⣬һӴ޽֮УٻһƶۡСʮƽȻҸɽѸۡãȻСڤС
ת
ڷתӡͷһ̫ڤ֮Ȼ޷ںϣҶÿҶȾǵһӣϸϣ
ý۱׻ûһ£һ׼ҶȿʼȥҪӿ̫Χֶ˴̣Щľ֮һͻᱻ֮ɣҶȿɲðմԽֺҲûʱƿӡ
ʱҶ˵üޣ̩λ˲Ϣǧ򻯣һս̫Σˡ
͡
⣬ҶȲСһɫҰǻ䣬Ȼһа֮ҶȼͿʼá
ġ
⵹Ҷųһ亹ʵû뵽һҰȻƻҪ֪ɸ߽ʿҪǿڵȴһҰˡ
ͷ̫⣬̰аɢȥüҲʼҰֿ̺֮֮ԣа֮
ҶڹżϿʿոճɣɽλ棬СĲȵһֻСӣͱӸˣǱ
ҶǸù˲࣬ЩͱҰȡҶ̺Ƶ̫⣬Ҳᱻö
ŨҵѪȡ
ҶȽӣоܰͽһʯݣڵѪ߰㣬˽ѲһȥʯݣҲûмˣʱῴһ̲̲ѪЩ֫
̲סŻ¡
⡭ôͷ­
תһ֣ҶȺȻǰһϿٴˡ
͸Űɫïʢ֦ϣȻһſͷ­ȻǧЩͷ­иµģǱʲôĹժճѪ˿ѪҶëս
ͷ­µѪȻʳѪͬʱȻڲϵҹûҶֻɣ֮
һſͷ­֦ŵа֮磬ҡΣ໥ײһ˫˫˫ۣ˵Թޡ

Ҷ̲סЩ³Ѷָ̽ӣҲҿЩͷЩĿͫСȥ
Щͷа磬ͣҡҷײڴϿջصݡ
ŵħ磬ȻˣǸɱ¾磬һֵҲûУرɱ
ҶȴһֵȻּϣдĹһѣô˴ʬǣӹ֮У̸֫ǣȴûͷ­ЩЩͷ­塣
ͷ­ڹϣͷȴ޳ˣⲻǼ򵥵ɱ¾ŷһֹѪȵʽ
ϵΰ񡭡
ͻȻǰ봫սĺڴܣ˲䴫ŵҶȼæסǽ壬ͷȥ
һƬ㳡˹ں񷢹ĵذ֮ϣЩûκηֱֻƤݻƣеĳ˺ڰƺۣеڸãеûûнţеʧȥ˫ۡ
ˣʵʵһȺۡ͸ϢϣЩˣ徹ȻǸõģͷ¶˳Ƕġ
룬һλߴĹˣһӸߴûľ˺ϣ˫ͫȻû飬ֻͫңûм⣬ֻбǹǣѩףƤڣǿֲ֮
ĵΰҪԸˣзĵͼ࣬ҳȫҪȥ
˶ʱ¹򣬰󣺡ԭ°

ʱ򣬹˸߸·ǡ񡱻վ𣬾ȻһʮɵľˣûӶֻʣ¹ǼƤңʣµļ⣬Ҳ챻ʴڼ֮УǶĵڼ֮дɼ⡣
ͷŵϢǣʧȥ֮УȻһųĹ
ĹҶˣԣԡ
ƺЩԸС֣ÿһͫǿһ֣֮Уǻаڤʼ
ߣһˣΪԻûȫĨɱҪЩ΢࣬ǣܽΪΰĵҲþ񣡡
ҪȥԸ񣬹ҪԸǵȴɱ
Сﶼǵа
˿ʼս񣬿־徴ηҿһۡ
ûĺڶۿһѪ棺Щ΢Ĵڣûֲ֮УԸԲȫ
󡭡׹ȻΪаû˼񡭡ħʲôֱ𡭡
ɶĵѸ߸ϵ񣬾ȻǶ£
ŸߴҶȸ޷ţѪȡײеȴһΰ
ҶȵһʵڲǰһĻܻ֮꣬ѵؼһλȻģҲޱȣҶҡͷѵɵħȵȡ׹ᱻΪ񡭡ȻȥԸ죡
ãûһԸаͻȻȻǲԸ⣬ô񡭡
͡
õһӡͨѹȥʱһֻ֣õĴ֣ץסʮˣſ죬һͷ­ҧ飬ȥţûзŹ
ô˵һʼ
¡
һλλ˰Χסһɱһһ֣ͳ¼ˣѪɣ֫ʣ嵽ǣһ˱ɱⳡҶȴǲħ硣
ֻħ˵ײС
ǵô
ҶĶڲȻڤε˵Ǿ仰˵ʲôǵڣҶеˡ


395 ڤʬ
˳ˣɱˣֻɱ¾ˣⸯã¶Ѫǣܵ
ӿˡ
仯Ϊǿûʶȫһʬ⣬׹֪ëѪ⣬Ѫǡ
һ£ȫá˺顢̶㳡˲֫壬Ѫɺӡ
ײеˣָһɱ˻֮ɱħħ
ʥܲһߣȥΧ
ѪȶĹ㳡˴ԶԦһ׹ǷޣԶշ׹Ǿޱ޴ĺɫסŷʶʹࡢš
׹ǾޣŷҲǴӸ߲޵дڣ׹֮ʶû𣬽ǿסΪйʹã׹Ǿ޺ڷŷ߹󣬲Ը˲ڽ£ǣǵʵ˵硣
ԸڵʲôǣֻԶس١׹Ϊûʶʬѡ
ڷ˴ǧ磬־ϵĴڣмᶨ־ʲôѡɵȲܵ¶ʵ֣ڵ־ȴǱĥģޱߵĵԸû־ȻҪڼ尾֮С
׹ǾޣӵʶѣʵԶΪ̤޷ѣ׹Ǿ޻Զûֹļ尾֮УգҲӲ׹䡣
ߣ
ǽµҶȣ仰ȻܷЩǿߣһǳƣҪôǶǳԽ˵Ĵڣͨ
û뵽ôгơ䣬˭һҵҶ˵кܴ
ߣ
ɭɭһ֣죬˷ϰ׹Ǿޣǣû־񣬺ƺƵҰ߷ȥ
񡭡¾ǳһҲ֡ҶҡҡͷʼڵҪǱץסֻоһ
֨֨
ͻȻҶ϶֦ʲôڵУ䡣
Ҷ˸飬׼֣תһ˲侪ˣֻһ˾ĺӣŸõ壬һ·ճ˶ѪƬ䶯˷θ档

ûҺڡѪɫͫؿҶȣһֻ֣Ҷ󡢿飬Ҷ̲ס׼óҩǰӣҪö
һӡ
ȾҡҶǰ˫Ҷȣް
õģһΪƣ
һץҩҶУסС˫֣о˲аӺ˫ͷųҶ͵ؼӿ죬ʵģʹһӣ˭᲻ġ
͡
ҶȸոշסСҪҩΪˣѸòһ֮ʣСͻȻ̣ͫ͵˽ҶţҶҧһڡ
ǡ
һɻСɣҶȷֽ۱׾ȻСҧ飬Ҷ𾪲ѣһӣȻӵô°
ؼһɺ䡢а񡢲˿ڿʼ˿ھȻʼã̫һһɡ
ˡɱ
ʹҽУѹ㳡ʣʮ˿һɶ೤Ѫɫ䵶һǵ棬һ׶೤滹ѪҶ䵶ͳҶɱ
Ҷȿ춯ˣвһ̫⣬̷ӡоᡭ
Ϊʲô̫ⶼ޷а
̫ӡоǣҶȷִ󲿷аӡбһаƹ֮ӡڲŷҪ˺ƷӡҶࡢҶȳ׸á
ɱɱɱ
ʮˣǸá¶ǡײеȻû飬ͫǵգͷʼסҶȥ·趯䵶Ҷ˲ո
ѹ
ӶˣҴСֱһֲһһʬƵģҶȾͱСһҧΪߣСŷûһ룬Ͳˡ
ֻ˲ɱ֮䣬һ£䵶һ̣һ˱ѹʯѹסʹ
һĻҶȾˣҪ̩λ棬԰κУѹڣ޷ѺУֻѹסڿѵصϣʹѡ
ؼźܿͱǿʴʼѿͳͳվŭسҶɱ˹
ǡ
Σ֮ʱͻأһ֮ȻܵѹƣƵɨɨˣգ۾ͶᣬΪһˣңڵĵ桢κʡҲˡ
ǵʿ˵ħƵȫƣôҲǶ֣ɱǣҲ޷Ӹ߼ĵǿߣ
֮ȻһµڤһˣسҶǰɫ԰ףƸˡ
ڤغߵҪԸӵͬĵҪôǸ߸ϵʲôħ˶Ƕ֣
Ҷ˿֪ڤǿ󣬶ңϸ֣ѰڤڵݲһߣҶȿԶղϢ˵һλѣҲǷ֣ǿϹȥǻϣ
ӦλѣһλħˣԲԣڤ񣬷Ҷȡ
Ȼǳƣ
ʵû뵽ƹȻҲڵƬ磬ֻҪҵƣȥϣ
˻ϣ̴ԽӣһƬããɽ֮Уڤһһ֮˾ɽۣ֮ǰһ޴ĳǳء
ڤųǳصλѣܲ򵥣Ȼħˣʵڷ˽׶Σȴǿ߲ɱڿ»ȥΪˡڤʬ
ڤʬҶȿŻڸõ˿ڣȻӡȴǻظã̫ⶼ޷Ĩɱɲ
ޱߵĵд࣬ħҪЩȻҪֶΣڤʬһֻҪڤʬˣǶֲͻõȾڤʬӴȫڴȾϣȾ߻ڤʬĥֱҧһڣѲɳȥȻҲͽˣղţСҧ㣬õ˽ѣԼ
ڤʬڵһ˵Ƕֲϵǿƶɣ䷽ֻգڤʬͽֶΣ鶼֪ǻڵҪܵƲãÿ˶ҪƲãûӵˣ޷Ʋõģ
ڤʬֻҪҵһֵҩͿȫȻû֮ǰҲΪⶾ
ڤ渵˵֮󣬺ȻϢٴۣһ𾪵ҶȣΪ㻯ڤʬң
Ҿ֪ûôġУֻһ˶ѡ
ȻҶȸоĵȣԭΪڤһƬ⣬ȴû뵽Ϊ񼣶
ҶһЦ飬ޱߣҪǵҪԿ죬Ҫ綼Ϊ𣿡
㲻ֻһˣӵ飬ң⣬Ըڤڤ֮У׸ңֻңʸӵ飬㿴ޱߵʲôҲ֪ˣһ£Ϊһ磿
ӵе飬ʮǿ󣬹ϡ޷ǿưȡңһϴ٣ⳡƽټҪʲôǧ硢ħ硢˵ҲҪ٣ҵõʾҪΪҿδ֪
ڤһһǳأЩȲѵʵ˼ֻһͨ鴫ߣͶְ飬ʧˣӵе飬̫ϣһӵо塭
㣬ԲܣѡңİţΪҽⶾҵѣҾҵ񼣣Σ
˼ãããĵĵ磬Ҷ˼ǧɲʲô٣ֻһ£뿪
գҶһ취һԽܵİ취
ڤȻۣһֱĬ֪˶ãڤۣͷáǳϣҪԸҲ޷ڰȥֻͷ꣬ҷҴӦ㣡
Ҷڸоɶˣţ϶ڤⷬǳϣ˵ľôһ£
鲻˽⣿
ڤһǳ죬ʵ˵õϿɣͻռ䣬Ӷ֪ĹȥΪλȵȡ
ҶҡҡͷʲôҲûֻΰͶӰѡ
塭壬ߵػߣһ壬֮˵ںԶԶĹϻʱ֮вһλߵ飬˹
Ǹʱ̫ϣʱ֮ǰҡڻ֮һ˵ӡǻػߣӵ׷ѰԴ룬Ȼֻһ˵ҿӵо壬뵽ϵĴ˵˵ڴ˵Ͼʱ̫ϣҲ޷֤
˵ڤ峺ʥͫһʣ룬ܴ˵еĴڣήϰɣ˷ǷģȻǵһ֣֮УҲӵѪͬԴ
ȻǴ˵ǾʵģС㣬ܽ⿪ɶڤʬڤһҶȻкܴ󴥶ȴûбֳ׷Ҫ飬βܻڤʬ


396 ػ
ڤʬףֻҪڤأõ֮Ϳԣ
ڤ֮ǵɵڵֻ֮ʸʹãȻ֮ô࣬ڤʬȵȡ
֮ԣ
һֱҶȣȻһĸ֣ŷըƵģըѪӿʵ֮Ҳ
ڤҶ⣬ƺҲ뵽ʲô͵֮ҪԴڵ֮˵ڰٻ꣬ڵǿö֮Ԫ񣬻ǵԹ飬ڻ磬֮Ҳϱ
ڤʲô˼һҶʵ
ڤǵʥأͨԨǿħѹħƷȵȣ֮ڵڤأʱԽƾãԽǿ󣬲ΪڤʬһںϣǷˣһܣȻħͳԽħħ֮ͬСɣ
ڤش
Ҷ쳣ˣ̩λԨʥʧۣ֮ȴ֮һ˸ɾͷͬСɡ
֮ǵѵõıڤֵǿߣҲ˿ء
ҶٴηӡڤʬȻ޷ɻоڤʬһŶʱضпܣࡢࡣ
˽⣬ÿһһڤأղλصǺܴ󣬵ڤһϢΪŨҵĵطӦþǰԶ
֮ƹ޴ǳأһƬߵ磬ֻţɳŵϯء
ɳ֮УڤҶһСĳȥ
ǰһƬɳɳĮ룬ɳԽԽϸ緢һСɳ̺֮ȵڤɱ¾֮ȵȣҪҶԣԶԿɳΪɳѡ
ɳĮ֮Уһ̤࣬شɳĮʮֲֿڵЩ޴磬ɳĮ֮ɳĮ飬һ飬ɱħƬɳĮγʱ䲻޷ɳĮ顣
ããɳĮ֮УҶڤ̫СɳһЩͰûɳĮ֮С
ƬɳĮͬףȻһɳУС㣬Īǵڤأɳ֮У
ɳڽɳĮشûз籩ֻһתֱһɳУէһȥһ̫Ŷħſ죬ɳĮ׺ݺݵصգŷҪһ㡣
ֻǿһɳУһɵҶȺëֱֻһָоһУͻԶ޷
ڤ˵ڤɵ䣬൱ɽλһɵۣеһӣɽɵۣӦ֪жǿɣ
ɵۼĸ֣
оһ磬ܲҶħɳȻ֪ɵָ֣ۡǶô߸ϣҶ̧ͷҲ۷ڡ
ᰴֲֵڤأλɳĮڤйأڤأͨ˵ֲĵڤ磬ɵУҲ׹䣬֪Զħ׹ڤ磬Ϊ֮ǰΪ񣬾ڵڤģ
ڤеڤˮɱޱߵ飬䣬ǵڤ
һڤ;ҶƯɳ֮ϡ
һֻħ˽ţҶȵһоʱȥôֲΪصأȴûأ
ȥ֪ˣ
ߣ
ڤһӣһ֮ҶȣʼɳУҶȴʱ˿Ķ
ɳ֮£һڵˡ
ն磬ҳģһѪɫڰȼţ·һƬɫˮأˮ֮УƯһϵľʬǣЩʬǣںɫˮ֮УˮȻӿ֮УϵظֱһʬǣΪѪɫ
һۿȥɫˮؾһĹأ˾ʬǣʬǣ󲿷ʬǶɫˮڻʮʮֹϣɢŹϵԣħԣɽλǿħ
ˮ֮УһŹϵĺɫȻûҶֻѪ֦ɣ֦ϣŲȭͷСɫʵһЩʵѾȴѪɫҲǺɫѩɫͷŶĿĹ
ô֮һûںɫˮ֮Уֻ֮УȻŲʬǣŴŷʬ֮ģ֪ɫˮ֮£Ŷʬǡ
ǾǶ֮Щǵֲģ֮Щ֮ʮ꣬һ꣬꣬ڵʲôĶ֮ǱеĶ֮ħ۲ӵһԪĶ֮һ꣬ԵһڶԪ񷨱ȵȡ
ɫˮ½ҶĴ֮ʣڤָŴ֮ϣ꿴쳣޵Ļ˵
Ҷȴ˸ǵڤˮȻЩħʬǣܸҪմһΣɣ

ͻȻڤ͵һ𣬴ӺڰľͷֲĵУһɱ¾ʼ
ÿֲȻѹ޷ƣ
ҶȲ˺󼸲ǹʵ죬̫ȫסͷ̫⣬ܼ̫ڤ塣
ңڤ֮УҪۺʮֹҶ޷֣֣Ϊ
֪Ϊʲôû˰ɣ
ڤƵ˵ŷһҲ±ֻ֮һѪĹǼܹ˸ͫĹʼӺڰ֮߳ڤɳĮ飬ʵɽɡ
ɡ
ҶȼɳĮ飬˫ȾȻɳĮ飬һǼɵѪǹûѪ⣬Ѫӹ֮͸һѪγһѪڻ
һ𿰱ɵɳĮ飬ҶȾˡ
ɽʵ磬ɾɾɾɵ۾ÿʮ֣֮һɣݺᷲ޵֣һλˣҪưԷ磬Ժɨκεˡ
ɣֱǿٱϵ𣬴˵еĴڡ
磬һССɳĮ飬ȻɽλеڣҶôȥţֻ˵ȷʵǸ޷硣
ڣҶڵ磬ǵ²㣬ĵڻ²㣬һһлصͨ
С㣬ˣֲ֣ô죿ײСѪɳĮһҶȲ̿ˮ
ڤǰһɳĮ飬һɵԴϢڤ֮ͷųɲǼ䣬ҶһĤݵĸоڤڣŷһףܣϣϣκξǿ߲ġ

ɳĮ龹Ȼֹͣǰ˫Ȼ£ײи߰ͷ­سڤ°ŷڤǰɳĮһĳ
һ̣ҶĵɻʲôˡΪһ㷴֮ûУ
ڤһȥժȡ֮Ҫ̫࣬ᱻ֣
ಡ
Ҷͷ̫⣬գ̫ѵѹȥ˲֮ϣһ俪ʢĶ֮Ա꣬һժȡ̷޽֮С
С㡭
ʱ򣬴޵ΧȻһϤİ˻֮
ͣ
ڤͻȻһһѪҪ׹ڤ֮УһɲǣҶٶȣӰհڤȻɳзɳȥ
ɳɳУոշɳɳĮڤͻȻץסҶȸ첲ĵӣģһʱ޷ֻ֪꣬ǸӦҵıԴѣ޷жϱԴڵ޷ߵģ
֮ϣһɫУǻͶӰ̫ڤɣ˵ͷëսС㣬ɣ̳ΰ²ף
ڤӣԻˣĿ㣺ԸΪҪȥҵˣȫңҵĸףΥ־δֻл𣡡
ΰС㣬ֻػ㣬ܱ㣬뿪ͻ䣬Զس˯磬ֻһζѣ˯̫ã뿪̫ãɣڵ㣬ڵ㣡
ˣֻһܣһõĿܶѡ
ڤͫȻһξӨ飬֮ƬضȻأ紫һŮ¶Ŀ
˭˭ڿ
ҶתܣȴûмһˣȻֿҶϤڤͬ
һ̣ҶҲŷˣУڤǾ޵еǿߣ𣬵û뵽ǿҲһŮںڰпĿҶȸγϣŷ˶ںڰз
ΰС㣬ɣ˲ˣļңǵԶҲ޷ȥ׹䣬ҲԸɣ
ɣС㣬ֻ˲ػ㣬һֱػѾ䣬ɣֽū
Уǻ˾Ȼһֻϵ֡
Ǳģûů˭ػҡ
ڤһɱݵԹ֮˫ͫȻ˸Ų죬ؿʼƮˣ˭ΪʲôҪ˯ԪԪȴȻʲôػҵĸѾ䣬죬˭ػңңֻǻһҵĹޡ
һϵıףգŷٻڤ
ΰС㣬ع˻ɣˣԶػߣ˼
ȵȡ
ͻȻڤȥ˲䣬һֻ֣֮Ȼס֣ڤף˫ͫһƬڰ˭˭Ҫػң
ػ㡭
Ҷڤǰһ̫⿪ʼӿڤ֮С


397 ӳħ
㡭˭
ڤŷʶҶȣڵ˫ͫǻ磬ʲôҲûûһ
ɶ࣬һˣҰ
ͶӰ΢΢һŭ֮飬ǵĵˣҪܵĳͷȻڤʬ
ڤʬ
һץһ֮˲縯õ˿ڣ˲Ϣ֮䣬һȻʼ̫Ȼ̫ڤںϣȻٶţų̫࣬ڤʬʼΪһа֮ˡ
Сӣõ֮ô̫֮ңһˣħǰҲʲôҪɱ㣡
˻̧ͷȻûյƽ棬ͷҲûУͷ­һѡ
ţеԶûк棬ֻ棬ţеûգ׺ɣǵա
ɱ
ͻȻһŭؼ䣬һɵȻûΪϺΪһһֻվ𣬳Ҷ͵
һ̣˲䣬Ƭռ䶼ڲڷ飬ڿ飬Ҷȶоʱ׹ޱߵĵ
ڤ˫ͫȻһ⣬ǱҲʧڤ㶵ؿҶһۣˣס֣Ҳܸȥ
С㣬ˣûأǾսɣȻ뿪ֺη
컯ȭɺڰ
ҶͻȻ̫ⱬţҲһչ̫⣬ѵɢҶڤվ֮УҶȶǷĺڰֱӴΨһõͨ컯ȭ
ɫʥ⣿
䡭
컯ȭѺڰ֣ڰʥȭ֮УҽУһаǺڰ𣬾Ȼײеطɳаȴ컯ȭ˴롣
໡
ڰͻȻĴȻ󣬾ȻײеΧ̫ڤٴ͵͡
ǵ֮УΪġħ㲻֣׼ӣ޽
ڤǧһ˵꣬Ӷƶźڰ𡰶ħһƣʱǽᶳֱӴϷΧռȫر
ǿħӴ⺮˲ҲʼᣬȻ޷֮ңԽԽ޴󣬳ֱӳȥ
С㣬̫ѾǶٸԪ񻰴ڣūǰ˻ݳ֣űָѹ
˶ٸԪ
ⷬҶеţڤһҲ˽Էٸƣʲô
һԪ˵һݱ̣һݱ䣬ôǧ硢áо޴ı䣬һݱһθı䣬Ͻ桢µḶ́ел
һμԪ֮Уӿʼڻݱ֮Уٵ䣬٣γɵ𣬾һԪ
һμԪҲ꣬һγļԪǰ꣬еĹϼԪꡭ
ڤٸԪҶ޷ŵ飬ˣʮϡ궼Ҫʿ϶겻⣬ɡɿԻǧ꣬ǧ꣬ڿֲ֮ڣͨ쾳Ѿ񻰣ɾߴ꣬ʮ϶пܡ
ﵽ˾磬Ȼ࣬ҲȥΪֻǱȷ˶Щ¶ѣ˵Ƕʮ꣬ϰ꣬ǧ꣬궼С
һμԪҲ֮꣬Уˡ˶ϣ񣬲ŻһԪڤȻԪʵǲܵ顣
࣬ô
䡭¡¡
ͻȻҶȾѣ̧ͷһڼ飬ΰֱӴ˱硣
ͣ
ڤٴһѪһɫƺۿʼֱɫ԰ףؿҪεѾʼȫ߽⡣
ϧҶҪ֣֮
ڤ޷սʤĻˣһץһϵıٴֳڤҶȣͫϧ⣺һͬ˯ɣԶһ٣ǿҲ޷ɱ㣡
Ҷףڣף٣ŷΨһѡ񣬵Ҷҡҡͷ˯ֻкڰһֱںڰ֮𣿡
һɹɵ˲ˣܷɣ

ǿ޷ʼҶʩչȫ̫⣬ûô̫ȷǿ󣬵ǣҶȾ̫ͣǷˣɣ̫ݺ
ڣҶȸоԼһֻС廹Ҫըˣ䣬ǵһﱻռҶֻ·һڣڤҲ޷Ҷκΰ취
ѵҪң
ɺް˵Լ޷ĵزǣԻֻǿߣҶȻûһ㷴ڣ￪ʼ֣ܵѾ޷ѡ
ҳ˯ɣҲһԪ֮ҵػߣ
һ̣ڤͻȻ˫ͫһǿҵԣ̫򱶣Ȼʼ˺ѻ˿ֲ
ţ
ڤҪҶȽ֮ʱȻҶȲˣҶȵͷһδ֪ڤȵܡϵģҲ޷Կҵǵ
ķ֣Լͷŵ⣬Ȼһ̣ܱҶȡˣΧ̫ڤ֮аԹ׷׵ӿҶ塣
ҶȣͻȻ䣬յ
ܡܡ˵ǷˣħҲ̫ڤֻڤ壬̫ڤҲֻѹ̫ڤѣ
嫻֮Уڤ壬бɵ̫ڤκδڣ޷̫ڤе֮
ڤ̾ΧһеرҶգңҶǿƣʼֳ
С㣬ͨˣúãһȥɣλѣȻҲ˵ѣ
֮УٿޱĻˣڤϢͣ̿ƺڰٴڤ֡
ٴΡ
Ҽ꣡
ҶȻۣЩģԺȴŷ͸˵ڤˮûԶǿߣŶҶ˵ǵĹȥ
ӿҶȵһ̣ԪƺҲʧˣǣҶȴӺڰ֮У˵ıʣĳһλλϵǿߣԻⷬ磬Ȼһɹϵˣ˵Ȼ
ţҶȷ֣еĵ֮ȡȻתΪһȫһкڰѹһ̣Ҷȸо̩ͬλһȫûκѹƣ
ҶȺȻۣڤЩҿΪˮҶȡʵڿֲоᱻҶһ㡭
ҶһЦС㣬ǲˣڿʼߵĵˣҲ޷в
ſף˵ֻкڰѾںڰ˯̫ãҪ
컯ȭ죡
ҶȰڤ˫һӡ컯ȭٴδǻͳȥ
ССˣ˼ҶȻԼ̻Ӷһֻ֣컯ȭץ
䡭
ڴץһ̣컯ȭˣһʥİ׹⣬ޱȵĹڵ˸ޱߵĹâһ°Ѵָˡ
ܡΪʲôΪʲô֮У̺˵Ҳ˳̶ȣ
ʥ⣬Ľɫɲɢѻ˴ΪˣˣͶӰʵ֮ûЩʧ
أ
ɱŭĻˣʧʥ֮УȻҶȡڤˣشԼ֮УʧˣܣСˣ޷ϢСһˡ
ʵڲţˣƿ֮УͰװ׵ʧˣǵƿص硣
С㣬ˣ޷ѵģԪߣ¸Ԫ¸Ԫȥһһ޴ӣ
Ȼܷŭ˻ƽһĵʧ֮С
ǾȻӳˡ
ڸոսķ֮У绹һƬ⣬ǵֲϢδȫʧ֮УֳӰ
Ҷһ֣һץУԣӵдǧͼɽȼȻ޷ڵУҿϢ
ǧͼ
ڤ˼һᣬҡҡͷδ˵
ҶȺ⣬ǧͼɽλ涥˭˲֪ڤӵȴû˵ǹ죬Ҷʵղλǿߣ˵ٸԪ㵽ʲôˣһԪôħҲ䣡
˵òҪ֪˭Ҵδƭ㣬ҵõľˣΪǲ֮ˣңң㲻ǵˣʼջȥ֪ô
Ȼ䣬ڤʧ䡣
ȻС㲻Ը˵Ҳǿ㣬ϢһһҪӦӦ
Ӵ޽óһƶٸƽСƯ֮УҶȴڤУƶҲա


398 ̫һ
ռ֮ڣҲһС͵Ŀռ䣬ɽˮСųûжټϢȻȻ췭ظ仯
ϢʱεأҲڲݵϣڤȥ˿¶Ǿǣµա
ĮϣȻһ˿˿񾲣˸Ƶġ
Ҷ԰ڤ˴ᡢĿ֮УҶȷŷ𿴵ںڰĽ䣬һŽ䣬ޱߵĺڰ磬ߣѰյ㣬ȴʼǾûгڡ
ڣǸ侲ʱҶҲ֮С
ʮ٣
գһſʯʯͶ̫¯֮ȼգңֱյپ£Ҷ˷̾˵ʮڵӶ죬ͨأ˻̫ͬڤ֮Թаͳͳؿա
ԭҶһ̣ͻȻͨΪ̫ڤҶȵʮ٣ʮҶȱԴںϣϢϢأҶȵΣʮͻȻ
ʮ٣̫ڤ̼£Ȼѹ
ҶڵͨתγһʮٱԴ˵Ҷ̫̫⡣
ԭҶ޷ںϵģǣʮǹͨ˵ƽѺڰڻҶһµ
ΪϵĻɫ
ˡ
һһŻɫģһ֣ͷһɵͳޱȡ
ֻɫŷɫֻкڰɫһȥȴǳɫǻɫûй̶ԶڱãһԶݱ档
̫̫ͳͳʧϵʮ֮󣬾Ȼֲ˼
ǵײвǧ磬߲ļ塭˼飬Թţ죬ڰ޷ںϵģԹδӹ˻졢ںϡ
ʮ٣ʱڵвڴǧͼ죬磬Ӷ԰ֻںΪһȻֲܵ鷢
ʱ˿̣Ҷޱ𾪣Ҳ޷ع
ӳħе֪ʮʱͨ죬˭Ҳ޷ӵеĪǣڱ֮ʮپͲ˷־ܰ϶Ϊһ
ʱһޱƾõļԪһԪҲ˵һʱڶٸԪ֮ǰħݺʱʮʱκ鶼пܡ
ʱƻ˵ʮȡߵȻģӴʮپѣҾͿԴӵͼλ棬ո߼λ
뵽Ҷȼ޷ƽո߼λһˣʳɽɵҩȻ޷Ԥϵٶȡ
ؼҶȫͬʮµ̺˵졢̫γɻɫҶȸղʩչ컯ȭȻ޵иֶԿ
ȻԿˣҶԵԴԿȻҪõͲܵƣҶȱһ޼ɵõڿڵκεطߣֶͨΣʩչ̩λЦơ
ʮھȻ֦ɣС״̬񳹵׾ѣʮٻ׳󣬳Ϊʱ𺳻
֮У磬ʮػŽ𵤣Ȼ֮У޷ͣĿʮȻֻһ߸ߣԪȥʮаɸߣ׳ޱȡ
ڣҶһָоǾŷһڵ޷Ŵ󣬷ŷޱߵڲϵľۼ
µʮ̫⡢ʮٱɡѾ̫⡭
ҶȾøΪɫȡ֣ȥȻֵȻǻɫǾͽ̫һҵõ޴Ун죬޷ֿ̫̫ͷû
̫һһոµˡ
µԶʱֻħʱħû磬ݱµٸԪȥԶʱѾ䣬Ϊȥ飬Ǽ̳ԶžµĹٴ£̸ס
ıʣʮָӣͬҪҪҪˣؼӵгͨ
ʮٱɵݻӦÿʼԿ̫һҲʮһӵͨ
Ҷƽ̫һ̫⻹Ҫأ̫޴ҶȻǷˣֻ̫ɾ޵񼣣ڣҶȵõʮ٣ں̫⣬ҶѾӵпԳԽ޵Ǳʡ
һµ˻̫һؽʡ

һʹӶӿ룬ڶҶһЦſһ̫һ
ಡ
̫һײǶ֣˲䱻̫һգڻΪ̫һһ֡
ȻˡԺҪʮյͨΪҿֱյ̫¯գ
һЦҶȿʼþƶɴֱӶõԶӿ룬ҪɶڵϧаƵĵ붴ͱ롣
̫¯򡢹ʥǹͳͳתΪ̫һ
ԴԴյо̩λһģһȫƣҶȿʼԴ̫һȡ
̫¯ԭ̫¯̫̫ںϣɣڣҶȿʼע̫һ˲䣬̫¯ʼ̫һϾ̫һѾ̫⣬̫¯Ȼſ
ܸ˻عĸ塣
̫¯ȫ̫һȡ󣬱øӿֲ䣬ң¯ڲ¹ôСڲѾγɿռ䣬ԺȼʯʯȵٶȻ죬ϰٱֹ
ʯǰӲͶ̫¯ӣȫ̫¯ʯͶ¯֮Уգ۾;ˣΪ̫һ̺̫ͨ¯޷졣

ǿۣɵɣɵͨ쾳ִͨ쾳ɾͷһ·֪˶ʿɣϸʯǧν᲻ɴݡ
̫һʼע򾧱ϵۡǧ֮Уʼ仯ģʧˣ̫һ£ء
񲻵һ򣬻һС͵磬ں̫һŷһ޶ӣһУҶʩչ򣬽Խκɾ֣ǾŽסʮ۷Բ֡
ʲôɰ˽ס߽ססףҶֻҪʩչ򣬽УκҲ޷ӳȥңҶȶ֣ͻᱻ֮еɶȡ
̫һ̫һʮһ֮ٶȱ̫ٱңʮյͬʱҲڲȡ
ӵʮ٣̫һٶѾԽ̫ٶȣ̫ǿԼ̫֮ͨУȡһڣҶֱ̫һٴȡʮٰҶٶȣǰʮ
ֲٶȵʲôҶǰӿʮǰͨ˽׽ͨŽףҪʮʮ꣬ڣʮڲ⡣
ԭͻɾҪңڣҶģڼʮɣ̤顣
ʥǹ
ţҶȿʼڶɱʥǹ
һ·Ѫڤ񣬽ΪʥǹҶնɱٵˣ߹ΣգֽΪ̫һʥǹٴͻơ
һַһʥǹͬʱ߶յ̫¯ʮ˫ؾٻΪ̫һҶͬʱ̫¯򡢹ʥǹ
ڣ̫һ̫ҪߣҪأǿֶΣ̫ʵٶ̫ҹ̸ӣ̫һǲһʾӵԣȡκ˲תΪ̫һ
ӴԺҶȲĵʩչ򣬹ʥǹңǿֶΣ컯ȭҲʱʩչ
Ҷսʼ֮һһأˣͨ׵Ҷȣһ򣬶ͨ˽ײ̫һҶȣȴһ޵еľˡ
򣬾ˣȻ֪ôֻҪһģҪΪ飬һţɽ𵴣ʧɫ
ͨ˽ףҶſֱնɱɰ˽ǿߣȫԸնɱʮ״Բ֣ˣҶҲԶԿ컯ȭɾʮǿߣһоͿ¡
칭նɱˣݳޡ
ǧ䡢̩·ˣҶѾ濹⣬ǿߣȴ޷Կ
ʼΪǵù͸ڡȻ֪òܾʮ٣Ӷ̫һһõ֮ΪҲ׾٣
ؼʮһѣоԶŵܣң˵ڤͿ뿪
Ҷϸϲյ̫һʼϻҶȻҪ洢̫һ˭Ҷǿ޷


399 
ҶȾ⡢Ѫͳͳ̫һ£ÿһ缡ͷϢŷһȭȥضҪɳһ
̫һԽ̫⣬֮ϣʮͨأѵ϶ΪһҶȱԴΪ̫һڱϣѾԽ˵
ֻҶΪ̫ͣʵ̫С̫һҲŸոճΣԺҶȲͻƶ仯̬Ҷһ޵Ͼ̫֮һκڽ£ߣͳͳɡ
ʮٱл־ľ
̫һٶߵһֲز붴Ų£̫һѾﵽ۷״̬Ҳգرǵת̫һȥһƬڶܰκʶɡ
ʱȥѰҳơǧͼȻڵ޷Խȴ磬κǿ׷飡
һץͱҶģˮƵʧģҶ֮ҲκϢǷˡˣôҶȶֻһˡ
߳һͳھɫȻĻ԰֮УȻ֣ڤڲݵϣģһ棬һһһ̲סȥ
˯Ԫֹ¶ֻԼ֪ʲôζ
ڤƺ֪ҶһԾתһ̣Ҷȸо֮ǳңԶڤĵҼٵţʿȴδܰѵɵΪ
紦Σڤʬѽ⣬С㣬Ҳŵ㣬ҵԣ̫⣡
һ̺̫⼤ʥ⿪ʼڶ֮ͷţŴ߶ϷľָһľʥͷųҶ˿ȥףٿžǳ
ȻǾӡ
ڤһʹʮҶǰָҶǾӡʥ֮ϣ΢΢һ㡣

ҶͻȻоԪһɹ˲ӡʥ֮Уոս룬ͷڤԪ񾲾Ưʥ֮С
ڤ˱ӡʥΧǰƯͷŹԵľָ̾ùϵһػ
ٿ
ָͻȻһʧγһϵͨȻһ⣬ҶҶȺ϶Ϊһ
⻹ҵһָ˽ԣǰ粻ֻܸӦָڤڣҲܰҽ⿪һЩɻ󣡡
ŴӾָͷŵϤԣҶڤߣȻڤϵͨȥ
ͨ˾޷ңͨϵԣʱһ䣬һϡļ̨ǰڼ̨ߴҶĶţ棬񼣡
ڤĿڼ̨ޱȵؿҶȣǡѵ񼣣
ô֪񼣣
Ҷȱڤ𺳣񼣣ǿΨһ֪Ĵڣ֮Уֻǵõ鴫УҶҲãߣҲӵ񼣣Ȼ𺳣Ҳ⡣
ϵʱٵ䣬֮εڻλ֮УѰԵˣ
һ޷ӵ񼣵ģ񼣣ףػĴڣÿһ񼣣Ƕӵе񼣣֧ص񼣵ˣڻˣǶ񣡡
Ҳеλߵ֣֮ʥۡסΰ֮£ϵ¼ΰףһ񼣣ڹϵĻݱ֮Уһػ磬ף飡
񼣣ǲ˼顭ΪΰҲ䣬Ϊλڷ֮Уң֮ϣ磬񼣵Ľ٣ôҲܵ仯ѵĴڣǴ˵
ڤһ԰ΣһϵڡʥޱȵĶţڶ֮ڣ񼣣ڤ˵޷֮⵽ʲô
Ϊζ򣬻˽⣿
Ȼ䣬Ҷüͷһ壬Ըӣʵ񣬲Ǵ˵еĴѵϵãΰĻŵ񣿡
򲢴Ĵڣʮ˲㣬ʮ˲ھʮ˲磬ʮµǿߵڤڤһ󣬲ͬǣڰ񣬴壡
ڤһȻ֮ͫһɹ⣬ŵڼ֮УӡŲٹϵ鼮ҴСĶȻ˽⣬ңǴǧ硢ɽλ治һĵطҵļ֮Уΰĵڤ񣬶ǣҪӷ˿ʼһƽٷΪˣ־ղŻ򣬳Ϊ񣬹ڰ̫ңԶҲ̫ңԶѣֻħŸҴ룬ӡܡ
ʮ˲
һҶȸ𺳣ڵʮ˲֮ϣȻʮ˲㣬ңֱŻѵڤ󣬿ĺܴ̫󣬺ʹǧһһһ߼һһǿ
ǵʮ˲Ĵڣѷħȫڽ£Ǹ߰ģΪվһͬƽϣߵĴڡ
ңҶҲڵҲļ壬ڤƺһϵĵ壬ԭҲһֻԶǺڰġ
Ƿ˵һصĴڣֻħʸȡ򣬿ޱߵǷˣ֮ļз졭
㲻ͬȻõ鴫УңǴ˵е񼣣񼣣Թ񼣾ȻҲ䣬ܵõ񼣣ǾԸֲáֲ޷ԣ
һ̣ڤŷҶܶˣ̾һһʧ޷񼣡ֻһؼһ񼣣һдٷ
ҶڤߣվӿĶ֮ǰʵС㣬ܰѹ鼮ҹĦһ𣿡
УߴڵģΪ֮ߣҲŻôڵܣˣҲ֪ôԶܣΰ󣬱Ǵ˵ڳ˯ңҲҸ㣬һ⿪ܣȻ֪࣬׵ɣǻƿߣܳΪˣ˵пҳܣ
Ҷʣڤҡͷ
û뵽滹񼣵ûõڤشҶʧؿţڴ˿̣ڤһֱš
ŷ֪һУȴֲ˵ֳ
ಡ
һƬ̫⣬붴֮УҶԣܲٴν֮Уǣһȥ̫ʹˮһʧһȥţ䣬ŷ
ǶصҲ̺ģƽκһģ˵ͻõף
ڤֹҶȣñǿдͨ񼣼Ȼ㣬ͻٻ㣬´ٻʱõأ
еźѣҲٴνõ֮⻹ǵڶνȻˣ񼣣񼣵ʲô磡
ڤҶҲûһν񼣣ҶֻԪѣҽ񼣣ŷһƬûĿռ䣬ʵռ䣬ڤ˵ôʵڵģҲǣҶȴδûмʶʲô
Ϊֻܵȴٻ
ţôһԪ񣿡
ڼž̳֮ͨϣڤOO@@ĽŲɻҶһۣת
壡
ҶҲǴ󾪣ָͨڲôԪתһ;ˣȻһֱʧĺ壬ƽգƯţس˯
ԭˡ
һҶȾͳںԱߣͻȻ֣ں߲Ŵ̫ϢѺʱ˿̣ҶȻǵһμ壬ҶУԼˣѡ
ӵɾͣ뺮ܲɷֻ֣񼣵һγԺ󣬺ͲˣҶ޷ӦҲû뵽徹Ȼ˾ָڲͨռ䡣
Ҷ޷ָȻ޷ҵ塣
һڤ˷ɨ˯ĺ壺Ԫ񣬿ǶԿػϣػںϣԪˣػŻûĨɱҰӡ㲻һõ֮ѵΪ׼ģ
ţ
ҶȵͷȻһס壬ڤȻ޷񼣣ǳȥɣ
Ԫͷǿƿͨʼûһɹϵ˻֮ͨƮȥ
ˡ
֮УҶڤȻһͬʱ۾ԪλҶȲһץֳŴ޽˸һڰâ֮
ڤ֪ҶҪʲôһ֮ǵڤˮɣа˾ѪԪȵȣҪһѪΪӣ˲Ϳ
ţڤˮڻôħԶǿʬǣеȻŨܣᣡ
һ֣ħ֮ͿʼͷžӪâ֮⾹ȻҲǰɫģ˲ֳ˯ĺ壬ħ֮һƬƬ꿪ʼ䣬뺮Ԫ֮УȻǿʢʼͷų
Ρ
һѪҶָָںϣŷƽˮϣɲǼ䣬Ѫħ֮ԪѸںϣѪ֮ͷųħ֮ʼ죬壬γѪɫƺѪȣţʼƤëҲɼ


400 Σ
޼Ԫһ˻
Ԫ񡢶֮ҶŨȿħľѪԪ̿ʼյ֮ǿĶ֮꣬ѺɫǼܡ
Ҷʩչ޷ӡӳǿ߶ܣ֮ǵӵںԪ񣬵Ѫ⣬ѪԪںϣһѵغ建
գ
һƶʧҶڤããĵ磬ʮ˲磬ſֲѪȡ
磬ں϶Ѫ֮ƺ֮ŭ
֮ǵٶϰٱ
֮УҶڤƯ磬ϵͷѪУڴ˿̲ϵͷš
ܳɹһʱỹ޷ʶҪҲϵ
֮󣬵Ȼֹһ꿪ʼҶǰҶӡеĺ壬ֻ̫ࡣ
Ѻӡ֮Уúлָʶʱ˿̣ҶãʮɣоֲѹƣڤѰҵѰɣˣ𣿡
λѣڡڻڤԭӱ׷ɱ̫ڤԳܷѹͨ
ڤͫһصǳǳ֮У籩𣬳ֳϵһӴ
ǲУ̫ȻյȴԴۣڻڤԭǳɣ
һ̫һͷųڤһʧڵ֮С
ѹѹһƬ֮Уȼգһ޴ĳǳأϲγ𾪵ĳǳأڹһǽǽȻȫʬǶɡ
һʬǳǳء
ڳǽ֮ϣһſͷ­һ߾ͷʬ壬һֲֻֻãˡޱѹڳǽ֮£ŷʱٻͻѡ
һɫ죬дšڻڤԭĸѪɫ֣˳ǽȥׯϣǡ
ڻڤԭ˷ǧĴϣҲŲٵĴӡΧźڻڤԭڻڤԭǵһ
ţղǰǵԶŶϧʵδָ޷ȥ׷鵽˭̽ң
ڻڤԭڣǸýľͽֵԣһλͷףĴϸһǳħ
ħһǣ鲼ΧЩĵ࣬ûڽֵ֮УСķһ֧֧ڼǣ޵ʿںڻڤԭ洦ɼͲб
߱ĪϴҲʧȥϵϴӵʮ٣뿪£ããʮ˲ȥϴ󣡡
ħȺУ˿ۣҲ̧ͷȻһóǱǱȫǽһ߾޴֮ڣ˺Ȼ
Ҫǿħԣ棬ƺӡżԶǿħַһҪõҾָΪ
룬װһ£ħͽóǱ֮ڡ
ԭóǱȻһħǱͼɫʿǿߣй򡢽ƷڳǱ֮Уһ޴һλֻʣ׹ǵࡣ
߰׹飬ѾǸ߼飬ǵֲʿǿ󣬿ħһȥѡ
ʿǵеĸ߼ڣΡࡢԶħ䣬Ϊ飬ǿγʶΪֲʿ
ʿ͸Ѫ⣬һ鼦ѪһɹаʿͷųóǱ鶼еη塣
ƶʿǿ̨һλõĶĵ˻ӻ֣Ǽħҿ
⼸ħûȫʴ͸ħ
˵ϼ䣬תȡħһ󵶣һԲһڳħǰ
䡭
ͻȻħſ͵һħ治ħһ̽ӣȻ˻Ϊһ̣Ǳˡ
͵Ӫħټǿߣ߲ͨ㣬˵ħںڻڤԭ
ʿվȻûеһʱȥ׷һ֣һаˣЩΪһã̽ʿһɹаͳ˷ȥȻٸʿƺƵ뿪Ǳ
ħպڻڤԭ
һаڻڤԭ𣬶ʱرɫһѪɫгںڻڤԭϿգȻһͨ
棬ӿһޣеĸߴɣеֻһɸߣ޶ʬеܣеͻǧޱţˣķңںڻڤԭγһεĺڰ档
ɻȼĵϢһһ֣Ȼһ䣬һµˣպڰ֮С
١ֱˣɶ񣡣
̧ͷպڰ֮УһһģһڿԼǳħˣһƲɭɭЦһӣһɫս״֮ϣһţһڰС
ಡ
ĳħһɳ죬ڻڤԭ֮ϣ·޿ʼ£ڼʿװȫסӿ
࣬ڻڤԭ͵ǻòˣ
ʿٸɱհѳħΧʿͫһգһɹŤץסγɿֲĳޣֱӳħ
ߣһʿҶԱƣ
ħָĿȵʿҪа񡢲޼ɵѵУʿ趯ĳޣħӶڰֱȥ
ž߳
ںڰ֮ϣ͵صѺڰϵħѹȥײһ𣬱žըڱըٵǿ߱ըɡ
ȥɣ
ħͻȻסڰһˣʿаѵ޸˹·ĵţֱӰѵ˦ȥ
䣡
ڵ֮УɲǼ䣬ʼըʿޱը

ʿ׶ŭˣѾһɱ˻ͻȻħ˫ǷצҰ֮ƣħѸץ

ħɷ죬ֱһӳʿֻצײһʿצȻһӲħ̫ǿƺʮֹ
ǺڰҲ֮ͨʿצ֮ϣʼֻ˫ԱȼӲʿצͱ÷飬ֱҲʼ飬ǣʿȻ֪ʹƵģ֪
Ӳ˼ģ˫ۣȻˡ
࣬飬ڵɱңʿɭɭЦؿڼ˫֡
𣿡
ħͻȻָüһ㣬ǵۣͻȻһħ⣬ħ⣬Ѹײڶ֮ʿ
͡
ħʿһ̣һɻֱӰʿΧʼȼգʼΪҽʿ˼龪ʲô桭찡ΪʲôңΪʲôϣʼȼգΪҽ
һϴʿȻڳħͨǰʲôǣм֮
²ʹóĴΡ
üʧħԵ΢΢ЩƣȻĵţޣħӶڰˣһڰħԵߺǬһ
ֳ±ˮ㶹ħץźڰ·ţӶڰһ޹˼ɵȥ
䣡
һʱ䣬ûɽХıը֮Уһϣ飬߽⣬һعһڵʿϣǶǳ࣬ħֱս޲ʤľս
ֲ࣬ڴţ
ͻȻӺڻڤԭǳأϿһָָͬâֱӴգ·磬档
ǲͣ
ָͻȻɱգ۾ɱħǰħֻܻӶڰӭȥû뵽̲ߵĺڰȻڹָ£ˣңָŴ˳ħȻϺɫսףҲǲһ顣
ڹָҪһ̣ħͻȻüٴһһصѷԵĹָȻƿָͲԱߵգնΪƬ
ɼָжô졣
Ȼһ̣˹ָħҲǧףЩǱһɫսףˣǳڻڤԭҲסˣ
࣬Ĵħָ뿪ͨϧʵ̫ˣɣһΰʿˡ
ʿ߰ɣ֮ϣһѪۣ߸һλλǿߣа֮Ͽջ


401 Զ
٣ڻڤԭû뵽ҲһӸ߼ʿ²ɼǿߡ
ħţĿӸߴʿϣȫԷаѹ
һ𿰱ɵʿεǿ
컯ȭ
ͻȻȫĺڻڤԭգһʥĹ⣬˺ڻڤԭӡǵȭϵؽ٣ڻڤԭˣԼΧǿֶ
ϴ󣡣
ͻڰĺڻڤԭʥ⣬óħ𼤶ѣϿգǱĿ֮УҶڤٷ
ħҶҲһЦƣǴûڸо˿ɰ
ǡ
컯ȭͷŵĹѺڻڤԭԼǿ߸ǵĹ֮Уգ۾ʧ󣬴
ڰٴϮڻڤԭñףΧе£Ȼȫʼĵ񣬿ʼ飬ǵĹʧȥ˺ڰɢŹڹ֮£κ޷ֿ
˶ĵǿߣȻҶһ֮£ȫΪƬ
ǾԵڰֻоΪޣйĵطкڰںڰĵطûй
еĵʿ컯ȭ֮£ͳͳΪ࣬ڵҲԶʧ
ɶ񡭡ԣȻвԳ֣
ڻڤԭˣ޴ʿĹð̣ʴ˵ڤˮʱϴ񣬲ͬһ
ŭѣڻڤԭĵǿߣִ˷ͬȳһ飬һʮ򡭡޷ݵĵţȻӺڻڤԭĺɫ֮Уʼѡ

óǽ֮£ЩѹޣȻҲʼѳǽƷȻ͵һǽЩãȫϾ£γʼɹշȥ
ʲôǵڿԽˣأǵаšţûжħ֣һиھѣȥǧֳ
ֳ棬ֻʷʷʫϲй
ϴ󡭡ǻƽȮۣҪﲻǵЩʲôͳͳ룬ֻӣ
һĻħûжݣŷֳźڻڤԭϿտѾϡ
ԵǿӣҶ֪Ƕֻ֣бɱƣʮѾѣʲô취ʮ뿪룬ʱ䲻ˣ
ʮټȻѾѣǾͼ򵥶ˣʮٱԴں˵Ҫ˺Ƶ磬ǧ磬¡
ħϸЦȻһԵڤŷһħɫһ䣺ϴԱλŮ˭ȻȻҲ͸һϢŷڡ
Ȳ˵취ԸţѾɺԴԴߣԷ̫ǿҲֲסã
Ҷһ̤˷ΧĴҶȸоԼһֻϣ޷赲ˮջںˮ֮С
ħһۣüĿʼͷһرȻų⿪γһŷԽ˵
ۡ
һֱڤȻĿڳħüħ⣺λѣԭԭǴ˵еĴڡĿ齫
Ҷͷ̫һ̲һ׷һյһγɼ̵ķУŹԺĴ̫һž̫ͼڴ֮г֣Ҷһ沼󷨣һ濴ڤĿ齫
ڤһϵĴ˵ŻÿԪͻᵮһλĿ齫Ŀ齫ػߣÿγ֣ΪػߣԪһʲôĿ齫Ҳ֣
㡭˭Ϊ֪
Ȼеĳħۣһɱڤͷһ⣬аħԣŷʱҪڤ
Ŀ齫ĴڣȻǴ˵ϲ鼮ϣȷмأҲǧû֪ڵǿǰȻΣڤ˵
ħͻȻޱȻɣ㵽ʲôˣ֪ݵˣԺ٣вŹϳģ٣٣
ڤе޵дڣƣǵˣʱҶվ˵ΪƵжͷ
ڤ
ħüͷһ壬˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷͫޱ𾪣ҵļУûĴڣԶһλǿաĪǡλĺ᣿
ڤͻȻһ䣺벻Ҫ˵ΰûйϵ㶼Ҫ˵ڵǼɻ䣬κ˶˵Ŀ齫ڵҲֻķݣʵ֮ǰλĿ齫Ҳʶ
ԣڵգȷǼɻ䡭ҵǰܣǼԪ֮ǰĴڣܣ
ħһ˾סˡ
˵ʲôһҲף
ʱѾɣҶڴ̫ϣһ󷨣޴󣬽Чޱȡ
ﵽһ߶ȣȻ֪ȴǰΣɣҲٳ֣ע⣬һпԼڤȻת֮⣬ƺƵ˵
ҶһأûиоΣǰƣЩҼֲסã
ģϴҵۣѾȡвֻҪϵȥ⣡ħʼͷüٴͷǿħ棬ֱͨء
𡫡
һޣ쳤Хڲţޣʼ󹥻أڴ֮ϡ
¡䣡
һޣŷھƵģӶµ˫֣ʼŴץȥһըһűըΪٶһҲ󣬴Ӳֹͣ顣
ǿǿ࣬Ȼյ˼飬˱йթϵ񰡣뽵ٰɣ
ڻڤԭ޴Ȼ޷ݻٴ޷ţֿŴȻյԴԿֲá
ˣʼվ˲¹򣬿ʼŵյء
ڤɫ΢΢һĿգǳֵѪɫУãٻǿ񡭡ּ񣬿ɱɽеɣǡɡҲɡ
ҶҲˣɱɵ񣡣
ء
ͻȻеѪɫУһˣ񣬹Ȼһǿ͸ǿԣһλԶŴɡ
һͶŵڤеš˶£ߴǧɣŹϵĲ
ʵڲСôǧͼаҶȾ֪󣬿¾С
й軹ߣͻ֮¡
С㣬Ȼ
ͻȻһϵӰӵ֮Ʈ
ڤһץסҶ󣬿Ǹδ֪ʱɫӰɫ仯ѵǡ
ôǻһ·ˣ
ҶҲû뵽ʱֳһˣңˣȻʱ֮һ֮䣬ʹһƬƬֱףʱ֮ȥ磬κǣƣͨ¾ǳħȫʢʱڣҲ޷
ϴ󣬲ˡǵˣǾͲˣǡĳǿߣ
ħҲѣǿһʱ͸Ӧˣϣȫûгֹı顣
ʮ˲ʲôͼ磬͵ͳͳŵС㲻徲
Ȼʱ֮У֮бãֻڲߣûǰһ֣Ҳûкһһɨڻڤԭأ¶һ˿мںڻڤԭŷһŷּ
ڻڤԭˣ仰ʼŭΰ

޴ڻڤԭٻȫͣſ죬һתѪɫУϵúڻڤԭزð
С㣬ܾˣ
Ȼ˴ʱһ߳ŷԽʷӣӹһ̤ڻڤԭƬ֮ϣȻһλʮµ꣬һͷ˫ͫͬһڣ䣬ϣȻоκϢ
ŷһ΢
ãã֮У˱˫֣ôĴݣȻӢƵѷ
ڤЩ⣺Ȼˣ
Ǽ壬ʲôڣһһ̬˱ǻˣ»ҪǿʮǰٱҶȺƵ˵

ɾ޴󣬾Ȼת԰ؽѪɫУ˳ȥ
ССһң
˲֪ԺУǰָһĨ΢Цͷһ㣬񳤱һ
ָͷ­֮ϣ˼һĻˣ˶оڲˣŷǵ֮


402 ұ
˫֮ͫУ˶ײͷ­ֻ΢΢һ㣬һ㣬ʱʼ
ǲ
ƽأһɸ߾޴̼ĹѣѺۺܿͷ쿪ȻûκηӦ߹Ƶģһ˲ϣΪա
޵е׳񣬿һɣȻһ㣬ת۾ͳΪһѹһ˿Ҳûлᡣ
ʱ˿̣ǺڻڤԭҶȡħ𶼿ˣֻڤһûһ㶯ݣŷͨڤ
һ޵е񣬾ȻôϢһ֮£ʵڿֲ޷š
ħ£ɱһƬħ룺̫ǿˡϴҪǵˣҸ޷ֿ
εֶΣεΪεʵ
Ÿ߸ϵˣҶû뵽ؼ仹ɻħħؼôǿǿߴڡ
ɶ񣬸ɱɱ
ڻڤԭˣǿʿ˺޵죬ǵκƵϣ˴߶һǿʢּּӺڻڤԭص֮гֳּ֣Ȼһ̣ͫڶĺڰâ
ɱɱɱ
ŷһ±ʶֻʣǣûʶΪһɱ¾ĻսʿʼһУӿ֮УΪĿ꣬޾ŭ
ɱͬһˣȳ澪춯أѣúڻڤԭ鿪ʼĬĬ
ͻȻڤҶȣİ´ǿߣ޵еģ
仰ҶԺֳĨȥĿںڰ磬ڤһˣڿڳ˯ϣ
˫ȭ߬Ҷȼ˵㲻Ըȥһͬͨȥǧ磡
ȥǧ磬˵׾٣޷ģҺܸл㣬µļԪ㣬뿪ɣǡ
תڰǳڤۿȻʪԽĮҲһɾǧ֮֮ĺ
뿿ڤϧҶȫʵ޷뺮һߣҶЪ˹ò״Ӻڰѵ
㲻ڵ㲻ҵһֱڳ˯ѡѾ㣬μԪ㣬һٴγ˯ǡ޷ܵ죬һٴǲ֪ǸʱǰһǲѾ˷ǣ
ӵв񼣣ԪѵĿ齫ĽҲ޵ģҲϣ´ٻҵˣ㣡
ض³٣ƣ𡭡
Ҷȣڤ¶գķŭ˵ÿһ仰ÿһֶڲ
һȺϣҪǵĴڣ𡭡
֮ϣΧûһ˿·ײСɱ¾緲ˣûκϢȴٴָһ㣬һ㣬һɫ濪ʼֳ
찡ܡܣôʮ˲㵽ʲôˣ
ɫֳڻڤԭˣʿͻȻһ𣬿նͫͷĺڰѪ⣬޼᲻ݵȻڲھײ־ؿˣƺҪĤȥֻǴڴ˵е֮а
һССʿϳң⣬Ѿҵŭ𣡡
˿ʿΧصɫ棬ɻ棬ǿ󣬵ȴںϣеĸ̫ڤ֮а֮ħȫɫںϡ
˱ȻĮҵŭ𣬲ʲôǾȻŵС㣬Ƕ
С㣡ʿ֣飬

ָĮһָʱ䣬ɫƮ棬漴ÿһ֮УȻɫ棬һޱȾ޴ǿ֮࣬ƺƵȫɫ֮С

һ޵սʥսʿȻɫȼ£ӣһսʿɫޣ飬һսʿʼΪɫҽһһƬƬսʿ˻ҽ
սʿգ۳Ϊ˳
ħסҶǰϴʵڲǡղչֳʵɵۡ
ɵôڴ򲻹򲻹ߣǿѡߣ뿪ǿߣȻܵλ淨ѹƣҪԸңҲףҶ֪Էǿ
УκϣʲôֶΣԶֹڴˡڤͻȻתĮŷڶҶ´
ΰǸýܳͷ
ڻڤԭˣǿʿȻһӣûκΰźڻڤԭ鿪ʼ£սʿǺڻڤԭǳеͨ飬һ̣ʿٻͳͳ¹
ѾӦϣͲýܳͷǰڻڤԭȴҪܳͽ䣡
ʼɣ
֮УȻͷޱϢһҲа񣬶һʥƣڻڤԭ
ꡭ
ɫٴʿϳ֣ȻȴʹҽУһͨ飬һӣˡŮʼڻаȣԽһ֣ɫʢһ֡
⡭úݵֶΣ
һɨȥޱߵĺڻڤԭССӡС飬ˡŮСͳͳڻ֮аУģҾ御
ؼڤɱ¾ȴû˿ֹ
ʲôڻڤԭе飬κʣɣ
ͻȻźڻڤԭһ磬ָ΢΢һԺڻڤԭΪޣ΢΢һ
ʱ䣬˼ĳһγ֡
׶źڻڤԭһһѷ죬Ȼںڻڤԭ֮ϣ½أառ䣬Ȼиȥ
и硢磬Ǻεǿ󣡣
Ҷȡħǰ롢иȥĵ磬Ȼʼ٣ͷаڰĵԨ׹䡭
ΰȾǣŹǰɣ
ΰߵǵСҲƹǰɣ
ʼԨ׹ĵ磬ʿ顢ضźȡ
Сˣ˭Ǵҵŭ𣡡˲ݣָٴһ㣬磬ӿ׹ٶȣЩ飬Χɫ֮УҾ御
׹䡢ڵ飬ڲҽУȣʹࡢһĻҶʵڿȥŭһ㡭ɱ¾Źģ

˺ȻҶȣӸ£޾ӣһˣ֪ʲôұ죡
ұ죬һ仰εİɱҶǧˣڻӿһԶƵŭʼը
ǰʲô㿴ҵ
ͻȻ߾˫֣롢и֮һĵ磬Ȼʼͷһζ飬ʼܡ
ˣѾ㹻ˣ
֮Ҫһ̣ڤͻȻɳ߸ϵգƽĮض˵һ
ˡ̷˫֣Ϣ˲ɢڤǰޱȹʩС㣡
աѵղţ綼Ϊ桭
ħҶ̸ѹʧղһ̣ħһָоˡҪŵ磬һΪԨֱΪһôκ飬ֻ
ˣҲ޷ˡ
С㣬ȥɣ˶ڵ㣡ǿ޵е𣬾Ȼһˣڤǰ
ǲȥģһٴγ˯ȥˣҵջʱѡ񣬶ӭһδ٣ҲһҲҲҪ
ϱԭӡɣ
ڤ΢΢һۣ̱Χһϵıףʼ֣Ҳ׵𿪡
˫ϥһ䣬ֱӹڼӡı֮ϣȻСѡ˯һˣС㣬û˻㣬ȫʱСҲòٴѣڵ
ڤ
ҶȼһĻͻȻĵʹҪȥͻȻһħסԭǳħء
ϣ´ѣܿ㣬ΪܿҵġҲܸӦҲ´ѵˣ㡭
ҴԶŶûоͷںڰߡ˯ȥһԶźڰ沨
ڤԽƮ죬ֱ˽֮У׸˲䣬׿ʼű磬޾ĵԨ䡣
ڵ㡭
ͻȻڳħǿµҶȣȥڤһѣǣѾʧڵԺȴͻȻһϵ
һŮ˵ҶȺȻоİֺϤڶԼ˵ڶԱ˵
ˣģҲɱ㣬ɱ㣬С֮һң
С㲻ͬ·ˣС㲻µģ´αټ㣬һԶ䡭סҵĻҶҸ棬֮Ϊ֮ɣͰһУһΰɣ
תĮȻһȻֻص޵ĵ֮ر˫ߣʧ
¡
ʱ򣬵翪ʼһ֮ʼ綼ڲ
һסաס㣬𡭡
ƣ߶ۣˣ뿪
ҶתһץһɹصĹʼͷųųħ۳֣Ҷͷųֱ񷣬һ޴ۣȻڵԿճ֣Ȼһħ⣬ˣ˲ĵʧ


403 ңħ
ʮԶŵɵڳħͨǰΪһϵĽݣֱӴӵԶŽﵽвǧ硣
ǧͼ̫򣡣
Ͻ֮ҶȶʱоǧͼգͷŴǧͼڳħݽ֮ʣˣ̳޶ȥ
ϴ󡭡澪գû뵽ͨʮ˲ּǿߣλڤҿҪԶڵ
ͷüϳͻͻͻɨ䣬뿪磬ɡõǳ棬໥棬
һռ䲻ŴǧͼԽһϵ˲֮һ̫ž޳棬Զ硣
ҲҼǿˣ
ƴǧͼϳ̩λ洩뿪һ̣ȫתӦҲָ̩ܵλλã̫ԺϢ
ڴ֮ͨУҶ̲סͷһλǿߣȻָ̼һλ棬һ磬ǺεȵǿѵǿֶΣ
ڵ㡭
Ȼӿ죬ǹϵһҶԺϤİڤЩ񣺡һٴγ˯ޱߵĺڰ֮У¶ûй
뵽ҶȾ͸оһޱĲɣ޷Ưڷ
̩λ桭
ٿȻһǺ۳֣˽룬ϤıԴʼӦõǿڲ̩λ档
̫̫ǣʥع֮С
ţ
ʸɡԶҶ졢ࡢҶ𡢾Ҷȵɵṩһ̣һȻѣΪع΢΢ŷʲôֲҪ١
ҲõģǱƻˣ
عȻۣһۺ֮󣬲žļһɵҩԣ˵ҪҪ
߼ɵɾʿҲҪҶõɵһǧɵ߼˵޴
ǻˣôŪǱ
عǬߵ룬⣬ػһǰ߽ΪɵҶ֮ǰҶȰѴ׽õİƷȫ졣
ӵô൤ҩƷ̫򣬳˳ħֻһʸƣҶΪҲܣɵвɵҶȲͨ˽ףȻʵǿû̺鷨޷ɵ
ȻվŵعһͻȻ٣ҶȷҲӳȥƳƣӭ١
ʲôа񣡣
״Ҳһͬʱ߷֮Уͷųڰޱߵ߽ΪҲëսǺڰɵѡ
ɸ߽ʿһϹŶ̩λ棬ָĸ֣ʶȻҲ޷ϳڰңĲ
ɣ
ӰڴӲͨҶħȷʵǱһصĳħ𣬾ȻҲ࣬δĵһǰ㡣
ҶȣҲͬгħǧͼҶҪͷŴǿǷͬСɣȫĽȥ
ͨٵعǬߵ룬ǺڰȻҪɢһɢ̫ǱԴᱻɣҪ̩λ߳°ٸȼ
һӣ̫һͻͻͻظǺڰǡãЩҶ˵Ǵҩ
ţСӵ뿪⼸꣬㵹ƲɵڵõһɽһλԶɽ罣µıλɣǴɵȼɽҲƷȥɣ
ħ𿴵죬ֿ֮У̺ҪεɵһˣȻ׳һʹõƷ
Ʒе쾳ȼͬô
Ʒ
µѼʶܹסˣƷϹŴɣңԵʲô˵еĴڡ
ҶȿʼֻͬҶȣ̫õ׽߽ףһֱ̫ǱޣδӦҶɵҲһֻرҶʵֻǺ⡣
һϵĽУŻصĽͻȻ֣δ͸ҶħʵңղųħǷ˵ӵڰ˵һС
Ե޷Ŷ䣬˵еĴеû֪
ƣԭô󷽣ʸɡҶ𡭡Ҳ󷽵㣬϶˲ٺô
ҶһͰѷ֮УȻħЩһʵơ
ãϷһƣ˵ֲʲôʹǶ˰ɣţ
ħһٺЦЦȻ󷽵һ֣һħټϵķȥ
ٿ
ִҶȫһˣҶһȫ̫һȡͷȻûģʼҪ̫һ̫֮С
ǰһɵҪƳɹʱַȥ̫ǲŸոս̩λҲҪӭսʱͶǰ
ҶȶʩȻħһʱա
Ʒͻ˽ףϣˣû뵽ɸ߽׽ף꣬Ҳû£
칪ͣȻڴԣʼһע벻һϸϸǱϵĽС
ǬߵһƬʱգҶһ֣һ֮ʼֳʱ䣬ռ䶼˺ڰ֮ʵھˡ
֮
ħһ۾ϳ˶ּ̰֮ɵ˵ñ֮ϧΪ޷ɣϴܵõ֮Ǵˣǵ֮Уõıյ
Ϊ

һȫ˯Ԫ񣬴˳һ֣ͰѶ֮Ԫ֮С
ϴ󣬶ħ̺֮˸ݳްɽ磬ɵ۴ܣɱȡ֮Ϊ壬һɾͲ֮Уһæ
ħЩĽ˵
ŪزΪҡѪڶ֮ʼԪ֮ŭšһ̣ҶָһξѪ
ҶȵľѪ̺˲ԣһѪ˿Ҳߴ
˭
Ѹ֡ˣȻһǰѪϣһħ濪ʼ˷£
Ҷȷŷϵֳ֣̿ħ𣺡Ӧþħƣ죬ѹ
֮ǰ׹ħħģڸһ̣ħĿ϶ᱬ˾׹ħ
䡭
֪ħճ֣һڲͬħȻǿд֮ħײȻѳħ𶼸
ϴ󣬿Ѿ޷ѹȥʶѾѣų⣬ѾԭǸˣһŮħͷ˶֮еĵħĴ䣬ڲͬǴеıߣ
ͨʿ崫еطԴµģԭħԴ˶֮еĵѾΪһߣӵںϵ´һµ
ħ޷ǿͻħͻ˸õشң赲ģ˱־
Ҷüͷһ壬ʶڷǾ޷ѹߣµѵӵ̫һҲһߣ
˭ħħħģӴˣҲˣҽħģħġ
ǱħֵѾɣɼѪ磬˻ͫȻѪɫһͷ㷢ȻҲʼΪѪ졣
վѴħ֮УİؿħֿҶȣĿȻͣҶϣҺ㡭ˣ㣡
ͻȻ޵ķŭԹޣħͫ˸һͷ쳤Ȼ趯ҶȣһŨҵɱȴûһ˿Թޡ
ҶһʼЩƽϢһҲȴԹԼˣȥѾȥ׹ħΪħòã
ȥܳΪȥȥģѵǣȥ
˫۾ȻһѪᣬһ֣˱󣬾Ȼ޷Ҷȣ㲻׹ħҵĺޣҵ޹ءڿʼ棬Ҳˣħģħħģ
ҡûκιϵ㸴ңԡˡһ㲹ɣ
ȵȣ
ûϵ˻뿪һץֹѾˣƺ֮ӵиѪͫͻͻرһѪɫ棬˾ʧˡ
ħͻȻסҶȣϴˣںľѪں˶֮ħģ֮ѾӵԹٿɸ߽ףҪȥס
ҶͣǿʧѪͫˣģһҵ㡭ع;ǹȥ
ħˣȥ˵ĹȥȷʵѾȥħĵĹȥȴԶܹȥ
֮УԹޣŷ𣬵걻١ĥĳȻĿͫڵѪǲһŮˣܾ裬ôܳΪȥ
еʧȥȥ͹ȥеģȴԶ޷Ϊȥ
û뵽
ҶȺʧʧ䣬ٻ÷ָʶȻԺ򣺡ҪϻԺƣչذɣ
˵꣬ҶȾͻΪӰʧ
ħҡҡͷ꼸ʧˡ


404 
̩λǳӫǿգҶȶһˣǰƵۣԺ߸ϵλѧӡ
ԦǧͼΪﵽͨ˽ףɰ˽׵ʵûдǧͼҶҲǿնݷУԽǼʷ籩ʯ
ص̩λ棬ָоԱ
һУҶȴ󳤼ʶǿߣеǿرһһλ涼Ի𣬺εֶΡ
ڵ㡭
Ȼ䣬뵽ҶԺڤˡ¶ڱĺڰ䣬ڶҶǧﴫ
飬ֱҶűһǿѡ
ԭΪһǻԺ£µһҶץסûҶԺټ黹Сӿٶȵһʱ
ƮǣʥأԺʥִһͻȻ
ִһ֪ͨԼԪϣҶѾڻԺ;У
ǣ
һɵż㣬ִͷų֮࣬飬ʥظȥ
һ֮УһǰƳ£ȥ߹Ӻݣ־ޣȻޣҶ֮ͨзɳӰһǰ
ߵҺ㼰ʱЩ֪»ᵯ㣡
⼸꣬һֱڱչǱޡңвɣҲΪ£ǲ޹ཻΪεң
ҶһȻ鲻ôס
Ҫ֪ųΪ¼ѣ꣬κʿ˵ָֻգۼôʱ䣬ΪλжҶȣؼΪҶŻûйཻҲǽá
Ժܲף֮ôìܡ
ΪкܴϵһˣԺ£죬Ϊˣ²ŻῪʼ嵯㣬ҪƼµӣѩ£õ´У
죿ѩǺǣôѩȷʵǸߵô԰ݣõ´УƺҲ֮СҶԽԽͿ
ѩ⵹Ҷ⣬Ǹʱȴûѩ֣춼ˣȴͻȻðҪȡλá
ǰãԺʬͻԺ֪ȻԺҪ̩λ澫ԭԺһݳ񣬱͵˳ȥϣ׽̷̳ԺԺָԺɱ죬˳񣡡
Ժ߲һӦȥѰңڷ֮ҳǴ룬ڸ߲㿪ʼ㣬ɱ죬ȻǷݳϣΪʲôҪ㣬ΪҪӵѩΪ£Ͳףб飬ƶܲҪԣ֪ɣ
꣬Ժõ̩λݳ񣬲Żγ㶦棬ԺȻʧȥһݣڲõĽᱻݡԺżɣ룬ԺŸһìͷָ㣡
һ渵˵һ䣬ȻصؿҶȣŷԣо޷ơ
⸱ѾҶվͬһϡ
Ŷ
Ҷֻ΢΢һûжӦϴ̩ӻ棬̩˵Ժӵݳ񣬲ǧӵһݣԺʧȥһݣȻǧõǷݣԺ͵ߵһݡ
ܲңҶûȣȴմһȡ
̩λ澫Դһʿõô޷ǿߵõһں̩λ汾ԴõУǾ޵УֻҪ̩λ治˾ڡ
׽ǧ̩ӡԼԺõó֮ںλ汾Դɾ;ްԡ
ǧ̩ˣһλ棬˵ڲںϣνǵõ϶бͼԺȴõг񣬹̰λ
㲢Ǻ𾪣УԶû뵽ҶϢ򾲣ճҶӦþţ˴ݣ
һ£ԺҪԺ񣬶Ժûõ޷գ¿϶Ҷһ˵ţܣԺԼӵеĳ񽻳ȥ
ֻߣԺԺҪ̻ҶȣȻҶȾͳʸ֮ģ˵ö֮
ˮڣû뵽ɱ죬һɧᣬǰң򣬼Щ£һ֪ôӦ
ô죿
ھҪԺΪһ޵Ϣ᲻Ұ̨棬ҪԺҾ飬Ҳûʲô˵ģԺ˿壡
֪ɽλѾʮʮ̩λѪȷ磬׽̣ԺҪܵУ
ҶһڨڨЦݣ˿Ҳûһ£ǳģ鷢չ涼Ҷ֮С
һɫޣ˿θʲôɽҲ˶ʮɽλ澹Ȼͨ˴ͨǰֶദ׽̷̳ɽٽǡ
ѾյִϢһؾȥִҾȥǶҰ̣ѩû뵽ڻҶ춼ʲôȻŴΪУ֮Ҳκν
£һͬȥɣ
һӣһƮסˣһͬһִȥ
ִ
ǰգһʥ̨λֲһʥ̨һλλ߸ϵִ֣ȻһλλµͶӰͶӰκʱҪһʮλ£ȫ롣
¹ȻҶߵĺܽڹۣ̻Ҷ£
һλλ£ߵĴڣֳͿʼ໥ġ
֪λ£ִλ֪ǰΪ£
ͻȻһˣ춯شս٣¡ִִ߶һû뵽˾Ȼ˹
Ŀ֮£Ҷת֮н٣ҶһƵףޣͬʱ٣˼
ôҶȵΪôӵпĽס׵Ŀֲز
ƾղһˣ¡סˣҶȵһ㿴ղһҶͷųһʵҪˣһǵ׻ʲôϷ
Ȼãʶƹ㣬Ѿ̽Ҷʵڶ̶̼꣬ɶʵѾĽס׵Ŀֲزλƽƽʵ൱
ִ֪λ£ٻҶǰк£
գһ֣֣ʮλĸ߲㣬ݲȣ治ɫ
ʱ˿̣ߵ֮ϣȫԺ߲㣬¾ǻҪôִϹŶ
ϲҶ£̶̼չؾޣȻ޵˹ϲϲλǰҪΪһ£ҪҶ˵
λʵĵһλҶ侲˵Ĭ
Ҷȭ΢΢ʩֵʣҶ֪޲𣡡
һλɭɭʵҶ֣֮ϣ֪ҶǷõǷݳԺԺԺҪñԺµӰǷ׳죬Ҳûҵκ˿شҶ£Ƿϣڣ뽻λԺͻ
Ҷһ⣬о˶ڿȵĵǸͽɱ֮ʱѾ׽̷̳ˣ˵̳õһ汦ѱｻ׽ʹߣĪǣǿеǼǳ񣿡
ͻȻһλѮ£ҶȣҶ£¾һ죬㰮ô˵ô˵ֻҶһ⣬Ƿۼ׽̷̳̳õǼ
Ĺ̫壬еǿߣһһֱڱչزףȻң
Ŀһɨ;ͶݣԭֵĿֲֲóʡ
̫˵ĺܶԣǼλǵһμҶ£ѵǻȥҶ¹ⲻȥҶ£Ҳһ⣬ϣǣΪεһʱ䲻ϻϣΪҪȴԺ֮ʣϽԺУǷ
һλİʵ
ſ¡ˣЩĪ£ҽ֮ʱһȴһˣ£ȷԺ˵Ӱ첻С
ҶȻû˵̫塢ſλʣҶȻɫ侲ؿµʲôɫ
λ£һһҶ£ҲΪλ£һ£ʱˮ´ɱգվ˵
һشʲôλԺ£λλ൱Ϊһ仰ңңңʣһ£ҪߵԪϣʸʣڴƣѵǣ
ۿһµ⡢ǿ֮ʣҶͻȻһ¡ɫʵ׽ʲôӦúҪȡԺӦúҪȡԺĿ꣬ҿõλͳȨҪõλ棬ͱȵõгĪǣǻΪԺõ񣬻¸Լȥ׽̸ֺ߲úô׽̵ǿ󣬴ҶĿãѵõֵĳ񣬴ӿø˲ɣ
ӲҪҳҲ룬ʲôʵʲôõǸʵȥ𣿳ǰһƷеõ𣿡
Ժ뱾Ժ֮ͣԳնɱ죬ΪԺţԺһǵãΪһ仰ڴ˶ҹҺôҲһλ£аҵһ𣿼ȻˣҲһˣھԺҶȣӴ뿪ԺԺӣ
δüƲҶ֮ʣҶȾ͵Ժ߲㣬ɣȻ˵һԶԡ
һƾͼƣڳһ˲ɵļƣҪ׵ԺƲϵ캰ԩ


405 ޱǿ
ڣҶҲҪһԣԺǷҪƲҪҶҲίڴˡ
ִһʱҶ˵޷ᣬһλ£ȻִȻʣȷԺԺʷϣҲδй£Ƕµ衣
˭ҶȲŽ£һͣûжκλؼڸ߲ûҪѹȻס
ҪҶʵԺ˭ǣִҲҹʥ̨
ڣִܵʼҪԸҶȣ˸ߣ˵ͣ˲Ȱ
һΣҶȰѻ˵ֵز±޻˵˭˵Ǽֱͱˡ
ʱ򣬻ִһλ˵Ҷ£黹ûŪһ˦䣬磬ǶԺ𣬴ֻѣ
ȻλԺѳó˵ҾҪָףһҪѳһףôȥ飬Ժ£ҶߵֱеڵȺţ֤ƾԺãҪǲǡ˭ңǾҾҪԪԼ䣬Ժɷƽƽ⣬
ҶȾȻ˫ֱ֣ɨһλλ£ȻƣӣԭҶҲǿӲ̬Ժ£ڣڲҪ˲ڽ£̩λѾʼ
Ͳţִôң£ҪԪŲȨ񷣡
ȻҪ˺Ƥó̬ȣԺ߲Ż¶Ҷȵõ֧֣ʵҶȸ˿壬ǶСģġ
Ҷ£Ҳţִһṫ£ԺҪԺ㣬ȻǽǱҪģ
̫£Ȼһߺ룬Ҷ˵
Ҷŭֱ̫壬ִĻöԸȻЦԺģԺҪҽԺҲûκλ˵ֻʱ򣬾Ҷ뿪ԺӣԺɱһ죬ɱڶĳЩ£˲£
һֱĬᣬ˵λ£ҲΪ»ҪԪôȥҲ
Ժλ£Ѿǣ˵ҪԺҶ¡
ͻȻɱִֵգһУλִ߼æϹ˵
Ŷ
Ȼüͷһ壬İһж죬û뵽ҶǰŻȺծž͸ϣ֪Ǳ̫飬˹¶
ִٻʱüͷҶȷʵŻΪβŻԺյϢ˹Ҳ磬ǲһһ֣ǡʱѰζбȻ
һ£Ҳ죬⣬Ժ˰ҶȻعϢ˳ȥҪԺѿҲҪҶȲˣʼ
Щң
һ㾪ɻҶĲԭЩ˷ҪģһƵͷת򣬶ңҶڰʱаԼعϢԺӣĪȻ
ĪȻһʱְϢԺ߲㣬һһͣⲻԺŻǡô֣һƣؼ⿴ȥƺҪԸҶȣԺҪΪ챨ҪɱҶйߡ
֮֮ǰӸӣҶӰȫ£˭ỳͷϣҶڰп˫һˣת
ʵҶʵȫԸԺˮǣҶȻδ̩Ӻ׽ǧõʲôһŪҲ̩ίߣֱ˺ƤȻŻ
Ϊ˽£ҶڻûбҪˮҪŪ̩ӡǧ䵽õʲô½ı϶Ƿ
λ
ʱ򣬾ξ棬ִҲ֪£Ȼһˣ¡ִվ
ϣ
ԭǸ߸߽Ԫŵǿߣ
ΪԪϣһչԪϣǿƣϯִϿգɭϻҶΪԺ¸󹦣ӹɵģǲԺҶ£ȥԺʹߣ㿴ǵкͣԺʧȥһݳԺԳָѾƣһ޴ĹͣҶնɱ죬Ҳ޷֪Ժʧȥһݳ񣡡
ڿʼԺѾûʸƽƽԺ䣬˭ҲֹԺı֣һйͣҶϣԪѾҶʽ£
ʲô
һסˣû뵽ǸҶȺùӳԵģڣҶ˸ˣҪԪϿɣʽ£ʽ븱ȫһ
ӴԺҶȵλ޿ɶҡµλһִҲܹȻʥ̨ҶȣֻԪţʸ
ʱǸԪųֻ֣û뵽žȻȫ˵ڤڤ֮´󹦣ۺ񣡡
ȻһЦҶȴ
߲˼ܺ⣬ִŹȻңԪǰ϶֪ûֹǣ޷ƿؾ棬ȻҪóţҪôվţȻͰ죬
һʲôΣԺԪ䣬ŲںǲϣҪǣֻҪԺãһԺͳ״ƣԺԺԺҪԺˣڽΪ£ΪԺؽѣ㼿ң£ڿˣԺεȵĻ㾡£УҲʲôֻһӶѣ
˵һ仰ŷлȴû˵ֻ˫ӣԷܿס
ⳡҾ֣ƵģԺ߲㣬̫壿ߡѩѩվͬˣʵ̫֮ͣ־棬˭ҪԸң
ֱӹϵĪǣǵѩˡǱΪǣһҲΪѩһΪһӣȻߵ˽ӽЩ꣬Ϊ϶˫ޡ
ԺֵѩһĳһðգһΪģΪʿҲͬ˺ѣȴߵ־棬ҶʼղԸ⿴һ죬ҲԸš
Ѿʣǵʦʵֻǵһöӣѩͬˡ
졢ѩҶȶǴݴ½߳ģλţ̩λ棬һҲȻÿˣһ
λִһڷ֮£ִԪԸӴ˿̿ʼҶȾͽΪʽ£ѾִѸȥ
ҶҲȻлһԩѩϴƣлԪ壡
¶Ĭ֪̫塢ſҲ޻˵û˵ǰѻ¶ӣòС
Ҷ£ȥǣԺڵԺѾΪȥһ֣ͰҶȡִ໤ִߡ
ҲͷͶӰȥôһ£
ЩȫǸ£ǰҶȣҶȷΪ£ȫĴҶȶ뷨һϵ뷨
¼֮УҲڴСţССͬˣ໥໥⣬塣
ǣԺֱϽݸһѧԺд˵ʥء
ݸһʥʥռĶߴǧɣΰֽ̻Ի͡
λһҪǿƣԺʧȥ񣬷ǾͻܵݡԺл
ԺһλǿߣʥÿһһϵǿߣλΪ䣬λ߶һۣϺպգΪԺĴ¡
ԺҪѩҶȣ˸ʣܣ񣬾ҪҶȡ
һλ£Ӷֱ˵
Ĵ£ҪԺҶ£ôܣԺ£װ׽ȥԺ̩λ㣿
ͻȻʥζһ뽵٣Ҷȡᡢλִ
Ԫϣ
ԺĴվʱһη壬ΪΪǸ߳һΣףܿ⡣
ûϵԺֱӴһλԪϣôˣͲðˡ
Ҷȣոս£λλͬ
ҶȺżɽ˵Ժ£죬Ȼ׽а̹һѾնɱôѵΪɱͽɱòʹ죿ҪΪһͽұ𣿡
һλ׹ͻȻ߳һָҶȣСӣʵڲ񣬲ҪôΪǾѰģССһλţҵ˵
£Ҳ£ѵûʸ̫˰ɣȻҪҾǣԺʲôʸܵԺ
ҶͻȻתԷʩϣҶǽ֣Ⱥ̫̫
ȻͷӦˣãֻǱȻȻ
һλִϣҶ¼ţҪ¶ԿЩװɣҶԷôҲǿˣ
ƨʲôˣ󣬿ʹҶ£ſ֣ҺúûЩȻҶȻҪҪǿƣֱִס졣
ҪԺһˮ˳㣬ҲҪҶΪΣһá
ԪϣȻôʾʹӦˣͱϷ򲻿Сӣɣλ׹£Ƥڶ


406 ϻ
ҪСĴˣСԫԺһλߵ£ʮ꣬ףҰѡԪ޵һΪֲĵز
ῪʼΪҶһһԺ£ҪҶȽֵλ£Ҳһ˿ɫ
Ժԫ£ȷһѲɫǺεʵնɱһ׵ķһжѣλ£ԫȴһɺްյĿ
ģѾǼǰǸңǸʱǰԫֶûκв±ǨЩϹŶϷҲѣ֪ʲôнɽв˳һ˻ˣ
ҶһƲЦȻʩֳִ󻤷һһʩ񣬴ʱ˿̣ʥΧԺѧӣϢΧۣҲΪԺ
ڸղţԺ߲´ҶȽʽµϢʮѧӣ˲֪ϢڣѧӸҶҪսԺϢһһѧӶ˹
Ҫ֪֮ҶȹȻԸ죬Ȼе죬ڶ̶̼ʮ꣬ܳΪ£֮ǰսλλѧӵ¼Ҷ⣬ԺԺѧӣǸĸ֪Ҷȡ
ҶȣǵΪȻˣսԫʲôԷʲôˣҵȶûаսʤ
ʥϿգ£ͶӰעʥһһ
λɲҪСҶ£룬Ҷ⼸δ¼һβΪ˵ΣҪ£촫棡
һ޴ͶӰˮȻҶȣʼվҶһ
ſ£Цһŷ𵱸Ц˵ˮ֣̫Σ˰ɣꣿҿϣԺŲʮꡭʮ꣬ɵʵЩܰɣ
һλֳǸ˧£һмſ˵֣Ҿˮ˵Ҳ뿴ʲôˣȻʵңԪϼʬ壬ѾͻףףôˣҶɶʵҪɱҲܰɣ׽̷̳εȵ̶ѨҽȥҲδܻųҶȲٳЩѵżȻ
ſЩ༥ζڨڨЦǣǬ֣㱻Ϊ֮еľţɲĵȻҲҶ£
Ӣ¡Ǭ桯ſһۣЦɣӢ˵Ŀ£ȴ̲ŭЦǬ꣬Ǹʱ̫࣬Ҷ£ЩΣ漣˲ܴģǰѾǹŶ
֣ҲԷƱͿͻףԪϡˮ䵱УŪ
Ҷ£ȥɣʲô£ϷΪҵ˼𣿡
Ҷ׼ȻԺѧӣȻΪҶ󣬻лÿ˶ˡ
ѧӣʼ뷨˽š
֣úðСһԺѧӵ棬ҪҶɨأ
Ժһ£ʼΪĥԫ͡
һλµǧҪСģͽžҶϣϢȻ׼ȷǿѨ˵ҷ˷ģСҲЩֶΣ
ߣһ߸ѧ·СӣȻϷһ񣬱δͻɾȿСӣһʱ⣬Ͱ˿ˣһҪ֪
ৣ
һɨͻ΢΢һԫͳʥ룬ʱΧһƣԤ̫ףݸƻ
ԫ̫ţ
ҶҲΪһ裬ֱۣ˾ͷ֣ҶȲ֪ʩչٶȣ޷˼飬ͳԫǰĶᵽɤۡ
ԫҲ΢΢ݣƺҲãһոճСӣССӣȡ裬ѳ񽻳ϷԿ¾һʹ

ԫ棬ҶȷЦͽҰԺģǺôҲлһϣ׸׽̣ҪҪȥ׽̣㳽ϣҿԼʵõģкβףѵҵõһҪóȥ˷㻹浱ɵӣ
СӣǷҪԳԿͷϷһƣ
ԫҶⷬôӵۣϵطֱӷ־ͶҶȾһƴ
һƴеƣ۶齭ҶƳҶȺ
䡭
ҶȾȻܣֱһȭӭȥһƣһȭ˷գ봦ȻײһȭͷϾƣʱײʥȻײв
ಡ
žžž
ײ֮ͻͻɳգȻؽ֣ȭƣֱӶԿԾ˸ɾʿ޷ǵӰٶȡ
ãããû뵽Ҷ¹ȻûϷʧԺһѧӸӪ󷽣߸ϵ֮ϣֽкá
ʵûϵҶȾȻ˻ǿԫƽɫ
ʵǿҲ֮ǰЩɣǲҶնɱģȻҶնɱġ
Ҷ£Ҷ£Ҷ£
ԺǧѧӣʼˣҶȾȻԺһսҺʾΪԺˡ
Сӣ㵹ˢӣǣϷ˵Ϸ֪ʲôǾʲô£
ԫŷ˻ĥд裬Ȼ˫һϣҪʩչԺߵԪ
Ժһ۾ͿԫҪʩչԺϵʱݵԫΪǰȻʩչԪ
֣ĺãû뵽ҶСӣǸ̥ᣬȻۺǾɱѧԺλ£ͬʱ۷ɱ
˿Ҷֻһۺǿߣʱ̫̣ڵ֮ϣ϶һ㣬ԫҲ˳ǿѹҶȡ
Ԫ
Ҷȵˣʱ·ǲ֪Ԫ쳣ɵҲʼղԫսغϣ治ɫҶȡ
Сӣɣ
һҪƣԫͷų˫˲ϷӡţһƶɢǿޱȣΧˣЩľս
˴˿̶סĿͳͳҶϣҶӻң࣬·ѾС
ԫƶǹҶһѹ޴ɽѹȶ
һչʵ֪ҵʵҪҵжԣҾ͹װһƣһӳ
Ҷΰ£һֻǶ֣֮ʣȴЦŹܰףæתִһڷ󣡣
Ժһλ𾪲ѣ˫ȭգ찡ƣжɢ
䡭
һʱ䣬ԫɱҶǰһΰûĳͶӰǧϰ٣ϵشҶƼŷҶȿƲסƵģ˺ͶӰˮһɱڣһԫûˡ
ԫСϣͶӰѹը͡صԫûˣֱӰʥײըˣǧͶӰһ㣬ԺӪɨ
찡һҪס򣬲֪ѧӻ
¶ţıţǧϰٵͶӰǿߣôͷ
ͨˣһѾǲףǿߣʮֻǿʹãҶ֣һͷǧͶӰӵǧ򣬾ӵһŶزķţֻԽ͡
ԺϰλѧӣѾŵûս˫ȷǿ£ԫûˣǿֻ·һ
˼⡢⡢һ޷ơ
ԺǿԺѧӡ²ʱ̣ҶǱֻŵڱը֮дŪֻ棬Ըġ
䡭
ǧͶӰֱӺԺϣȻֻ֣Ѵ󲿷ҲһǱѧӣƻȥ
£Ⱦǣ
ͶӰܿûѧӣʱӻ֮УһʹҽС
СӡĪǹģ
֮ϣվʵû뵽ҶȾȻӵֶΣףΪʲôҶ׽̷̳ɱ죬ַͨǿͨ
е㻳ɣҶǲ޷
ȿȡɶ񰡣
ʥʼúԺѧӵһʱ䳷룬һ޴ĳĢ
һǱӰԫһúۣ˫ֵסҪλҰƵģŭޱȣ˫Ѫ죬ؤһԭ
ܲ˼λ£ǲԸΣ˭ңʩչұ£Ҿͨɱͽ죡
ʱҶҲЩǱһ޹µСһɳ棬տԫǿģʵ᲻ᶼЦ
ɶСӣ
λ£Ҳһ¶ķɳ棬ʮλ˵ԺѧӣһλѧӣȻˡ


407 ȡ
ԺʮλҪλѧӣȻҶôһ£ͳͳɥǣǶԺصĴ
ͨ塢һλɾǿߣǶ漶λȨأܵ﹩
ԺλѧӣҲǱеıԺսڣԺƬ֮䣬ĪʧȥʮλλѧӣҪԺԪŻ֪֪᲻Ѫԫλ£صԺ϶Ҫܵͽ䡣
ԫĴ£ɱڡȻû뵽ֽ֣ˣʮλѧҲˣǵòʧ˷۱
λλ˼֮ʣͷűֶΣܲԼɱȫԼ
ҶȸԺһɼСˣȴװһ޹²ؼģλѣһΪģϢɣ
Сӣ㡭
ԫȥҶһ֪ҶʵʲôͷǧͨҲΣա
ԪϣԺһҪ˵ǻٴεãߣλ¸ۼ֪ʧȥƣԺڳû򹷣Ǹ޹⡣
һ¼ȴһˣŪܶӣȻֲʣҲֻһһ޷ˡ
Ҷ¡Ҷ
˵棬ҶȾȻƾһ֮Ĵ£ܣԺδйѧ˵Ǿ޴裬ƽʱ֮УԺѧӲĦ֪˶ί
Ҷȸصس˿üԺͿֱͣͦ壬ֺһȡ
Ҷ£ϲϲû°ɣ
ִִߣǶҶⷬжΪԺ´󹦣Ժ϶ͣ£ִ߶ǧʹϵˣǷ뻤ڣǾóֱ׸Ҷȡ
û뵽ֶ˸ͨӪû˸а壡
һҶȶ
Ʋֳɹˣ֪ʵǿȴǼɵֿ֮԰һʱˣҪԸҵˣһҪ
Ҷȵ治ɫ˰Χһ꣬˼һҲû˶ܵӰ죬ʱʱ̶̿ͷԡ
λС˵ĲɣҶһδ漣
ͶӰӪ֮У˧˵Ǭ棬ʼſˣ¶һ˿⡣
ߣС˵־
ſתȥһ֣ΰȥ
ҲûֿɿˣȴҶȴӴԺ󣬿Ժλãӵ׵ԪϣԽ˴£õԺص⡣
Ҷ£Ϸһֱ㣬û뵽УӵѾ֪ԭ֪ͨ䣬ھͻعִ
һ֣Ҷȡᡢִ߲ɽХǣһһƿնȥ֮ͨУͣ׽ֽ¶ٷ̳ڸģԺ²ܣϾ񣬼󲿷£Ҫȡ񣡡
û뵽̶̼꣬׽̾͸ˮ桭ϷģҶΪ£һΪԺľղλ»Ϊңĺ
ȴҶȿʼִʼ˵ˮŷһӶί
ִ²ҲΪԺ룬ֶֻЩͷģԺǹģ˴󹦣ܿ˶֪ղŵĸ׳٣
ȸͣ䲻㣬ԪҲν㣬ԺѾܾûгֿѧӣ
˵棬ȫվҶһߣ˵֮䣬ִٻͶȥ񣬺ڹȻ̻Ҷȡ
ȻϽ仰ƶվߣΪ˵ʵϣʧ˵ϵǸöԸ
ϸмĺܣģҶȴ֪ȫվԼһߣϾִ̫һˣӵпһԪϵֶΣҲ޷šִ֮ϡ
ԪϣҪìܣȴֲƫ̻һ˫Ȼ໥Լ˭ҲöԷҲûа취ƽȨ֮ˣܾ¡
̴ͨӵ֮Уִʱ¡ԼǿԪͥԪ϶ˣִΧգǧλǿλѧӣʼϾۼ
Ҷ»ˣڸղţһ˴ԺĴ£ԫʲôˣϹŶȻҶ´ˣ
ʲôĽģҶǵõһ취ǷţҲûµλ˭õһܳΪ£
ҶȽ٣֮ͨǧλѧӣͶĽ඼Ǽ档
Щֲƽˣ˭֪ҶܰԺĴ´ܣǶǿһֿͷǧķǷţǿԼʵѡ
Ҷֵܣϲϲ
Ҷȡ˽ִſ£Ȼ֪ܣȻҶֵƣиղǷɱ¾ձɫ
ҶȻ֪Щʲôˣǰһף˺һףЩСˣҶȻҲЦЦ
λѧӣҶ¸ո´󹦣ѾԺˣʵΪԺ磬꣬ҶΪԺݺһڶԺ
ŷԪͥߣǧλѧ¡ִִߡһһԪֱͥ߳ӶҶȽгޣ¿ɺãζƿ鸴ӡ
ԪֵͥԭҪˣϧֲԪԺΪת棬Ҷα֣ӳޣϣҶ¼λ²๦ѫ
žžž
ǧλѧӡ¡ִͳͳҶȱʾףأʥִò˥
ֽƵа̷̳ǣҾݿɿ鱨а򲻶ϵ£Ϊãȥ޴ңԺ´λѧӡλѧӣȥа
ΪԺһӣõԺھǻرԺʱ̣ɱа̣ƽѻҡ
Ԫͥʼǧѧӣ´һ£ȡӦҶǡҲ֮С
ҪЩ֮ʣ¶಻һ˰뿪ԺҲ֣
ڸλ¡λѧӶæŵǼ֮ʱȴҶȴҪСġ
Ҷ֮ϣѾȡӦ񣬴һλѧӣһλѧӣȥһִصʼٸߣһ˭ҶŹңҺǻɱ
ỹǲģ˵죬Ժ²ưոݣһԺϣȴ˴ͷ϶ֻģ
뿪Ժ͵ʧȥ룬Ժ߲Ҳ뿴ҰԺɱƬײɡᣬ׽񣬿Ƽ򵥣Σأ׽̸л˼ĸ֣ҪĵӦ׽̣
ⷬҶʮѾʼҶȺٻҶȡ
ʢܿ¶뿪ֻвλѧӡλѧӣִȴٻʱ׼
һʥأ񣬺˽롣
ԺưԶ꣬䣬ſȸһӰįʥ֮УȴһǿϢŷһ֣һʮĹ
ţ
ʥ֮УһµѩȫͷһʥѾӵϢѩѾͻɾ
ѩ֮оѣϳһɱϢƺǱ룿
ѩʦ㣬û뵽겻Ѿͻɾһǰ۵Ҷȣѩǰգͻأسֳ
㣬Ҷȣ
ѩĮһ˿ɱȴûκζŷЩɵҶȣǰҶȵһ¡
Ǹһ£ʦʦɱģҲ֪ŪһЩ飬ǰɣ
˿Ҳѿ࣬ҶһͿżɽ˵һ
ɱ˰
ѩڣƺţֻһŵȴɳǿ󣬵ǲţʵ쵱ʱ֣Ϊβ֣Żǰɣ
ûҪŻ㣬û뵽ңΪ˶Ը죬ҹʩչƣõԺ˺ƤԺһ
쾹Ȼϵˣ治֪һ򶼺̣ȴðʧҵƣԺѩҵѾվڵһߣȫʧ㣬Ҿǳ׵ˣϣ㲻Ҫ̫ϾҶ㻹²֣ǧҪɱ㣬ԼϣҸһ䣬ǰʲôھʮվǰҲԽնɱ
û뵽Ҳߵһ֮Ϊ֮ɣ
Ҷ˻ΪӰʧ֮УĮȴʥ֮زϵػصš

ѩĬˣһ̣̲סϣûᡣ
Ҷ£ˣҪѧӣڵ㣬ȫ
ִҶȸһ͸Ӧ̴Ӵ֮УһλλѧӡһλѧƺƵ߳
ŶôԺѧӣ
ҶȴӻУӹᣬһɨϤ֣ףԺѧӡ
ǵԺԹλѧӣǴԺѡģǿش
лˣ߰ɣ
ҶͻȻһ֣һΰƿأͻȻһλѧӡһλѧӣ˲һ޴ͨˡ
ͨΪĽ׵ĻҶȾΪˡ


408 1
֮УһѧӣһδδƫԶЩȻԵȻЩʥء
ǣһӵйǵȼ֮࣬ɡʵۺɸֶв٣ȻǾ޴ȴҲΪķ֮һ
ҲǴ򽻽ӣһڴƬз֮УϷչģ׳еɣԺҲɵ߻ʵԶʺϲ
³ǣǱֽ֮Уһʥĳǳأڱٳǳ֮УȻǹģĳǳأȴʥĵط³ԺֱϽء
ˡ
һɺ嫵ڽ³뱬ϯ³ǣʿĲƣڽ³Ǻٳ֣һ֣ǾԺǿѧӽ١
վãθⷽ£Ǹڼ֮ǰһ֮սԺĴµҶ£Ҷ²ǣҪ˭ҿɹܲˣ
һλǰ۵λѧӣʮλλǿߣټѧӾۼڴǰĹ㳡
£ǳһֱûй¼ｵ١
һλѧӣһ׵֮䣬ΪߵλĽѧӣӴգǽٵΰǶһ¹Ĵ
Ľλѧӣһλˣһ룬һλһǣλѧӣλǰ˵£ڸ򱬷а̻ң½٣¾ҪģҪ£λҶ£ҲҶµشţ
ȻȻΪҶ´ԺĴ£ΧԺѧӣʵʵֻλѧӣĸҵ£
λѧӶסЩѧ޷ģһϽ٣ɱһλλѧӣԺô
ûνٵ£ΪԺҶ£
ѧӪ֮УһЩۼѧӣƺǰλѧ̸ѧһʱ伤־ա
ٿ
һƬճֳһŤǳ֮ͷųһԺλѧӰĽһλѧӣ죬Щѧӷŷǻҹ·ĸ
λѧһ븺ǵʮλλѧӴкλѧӼʶȻλѧҲʶλѧӣλѧȴʶλѧӣλѧ򲻻λѧӴк
֣󱦵أҪ鷳ˣ
λѧӣһʮλλѧǰкΪߵλĽѧӣ˱ʽ
ಡ
˶뿪֮ͨ󣬺Ȼһֻ֣һ㣬һץͨȫסһλΰǳ۵Ӱֳ
ƣͨðѧӡλѧӹһǳнǵĵۣʱʩ񣺡ӭ£
Ҷͷϣͻͻͻؽ٣ˣоҶȵ޵УţҶڹѧ֮ͬ󣬻Ӷ䣺ÿҶԺѧӣ
û뵽Ҷô˵һӶûУ
ѧǻֱӣſʼһֱʶķҶһ̣ѧӶֱҶȿ͸ĸо
ĿģӦúԸаֻ̣һ֣ɱһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫˭´󹦣ΪϽɱԺ£죬аǱԺһöӣɱͳΪ£
ˣҶȾͶ㾡Ըһ˵УһѪѧ󣬶Щĸоû뵽»ɱϵ
䡭
ڰѧӣҶѵ֮ʣһԶ챬ըˣ³ǶӦˡ
λԺѧӣŵشԶշλĽ׵ġСλѧӼ˵ʦ֣²ãƳǷǰ߽ȥǾͲ뿪ҪǳأҪָ˵
ƻбɭɭϣȴЩ⣺ɶĹƳǣǳԺϣҹȻ£
ʦ֣Χǳа̻ңҪ׳мλλѧӵ

һֻͻȻѼλλѧӣСһߣ̼ҶǰҶȵʵŽ٣췴ǸȥЩˣ
ǡǡ£
λѧӣҶǿͨƿص޷һĪ̧֮ͷʥǳۣʱ־ϲ
£дȥƳǰһֱ£ǳأҪڱȨƣ
ƻһҶǰƳǳСҡǹƳѡĳǰӣΪͻףԿʼԺͳΣʼ֯£ѱгǳضˣǹڱ
סֲһ
ҶףʲôƳӦ֪ٽ³ǣǹҪÿҶȷƵûκζݣλѧӣƻһ²ô
һǿߣҶһ¼ǿߣһٶλλһֲͬңҲأֻһܶԸǾҶȡ
ɽ޴ӳϴһȺ飬ããҾͿңǺ֣Ϊǡ޵С£ٸֶԺ񣬻УǰȥҶֱӿƻС
ǣ£ƻȻǧԸ⣬ҶȣѳǱѹҲάһ򣬵鷳ҶΪ⡣
ʱһȺƺƵλѧӡλѧӡλѧӡλѧӡʥλѧӶŷա
УڳڲΣ
ڽ³ϿգҶȡƻзǰʮλĽס׵ǿߣƺƵκҼ
ƶ£ֻ׽̿ʼڲչ£óķʼðãеʼ̣Ŀǰûȷ׽û͸ΧѾȷϣƻйҶȻشЩλǿߣҲϸš
ʵЩλ֣Ҳʡ͵ĵƣʮλλѧӣǶĽΪ룬ҪԺУжôѣЩλĽ׸֣ǾӢеľӢеţеˣԶԿס
ԺһԻĵطҪԸһңǺ׵ġ
ЩҪ£췴ţһ£ƽңȶƣ֪ôͿ


409 2
ҶһʼںÿλѧӶ
ʵҶȺףȻ£ԺλѧӣλãЩλѧӸǾţ꣬ݺ꣬ȴû뵽Ҷһ죬Ƿͷ
ЩСۣ뷨Ҷ͸ˣ϶ҶΪﶼһ鷢ǿ϶û£ǲΪ
ԺˣϷΪһȺͷڹ꣡
ǳؽĹƽԭһǽ³ǣһǹƳǣƳһǧʿɴ󣬶ǰ߽ͨʮ򣬾ɾ֣ҲˣʵȽ³ԺʵҪһ֡
ǣЩ˶Щɢޣƣƶƨá
һߣͷɭɭƣڹƳʿϷΧɾʿ߿Ŵӽ³ǷѧӣʱЦƺԺһ¡
ҶͷһƽˮСƱԺϣ
찡ǡԺ£½ˣ
ƳⷽʿȻƺƵѧǰһߵ֮ϣȻһλǳ۵һŵÿʼԺߵ£ǿķŷɥ
֪жǿУǲ
һ£ʲôǵĳΪ¾һģһʲô
ͻȻӹƳǳߣ߳һλ֣ͷһǧʿһ߳ʱ
ң췴ǰɣڱǰͿżɽʲô˫ӪϿգҶȴһӣͣ
û뵽Ժ£ȻһëͷСӣСӣëûɣʵ㣬гǳأҪˣԺøԤ򡭡ǳǽòð
ʵǿһңȻԺѧӣȻԺϣֱ˵˳
ҶһЦңΪеӣͷô£ΪҪԺ⳽Ǹϳȥû뵽ͷֻһֻֻлӶѣһ׾ȻһѪԾûУ㣬Ҿǳ췴
㡭޵жʱ˸ƹҶѿģû뵽Ҷˣһ
޵Уվ˵ѾﲻģеˣҪΪ£ӵκɱȨǰ죬Ҳһ˲ɱԺʮλѧӣԼǾͶµɣ
ԺѧӸţԺߣߣͳͳҪնɱһ
ɣ
ҶͻȻ죬˫һ֣һƮȻһǧʿƺţصͶӰʼ֮к
찡
ƳλѧӣؿŴǧͶӰ˵֮ͶӰֻ֪·һʲô٣˸޷
ߣŻ˵ġ
ҸţʩչΪһ裬ͷͬƣͶӰɱȥ
¡
ǣոշȥͶӰͻأ׹䣬ҸߴһͶӰײһѪ⣬һǿߣȻײţͶӰֱӰǧʿѹ
ըǧʿɱ¾һλѧӣҲӲһ֮У
ؼ䶼ǻʱ̣ԺһĻסˣʲôֶΣ׶ɱǧʿһڶûС
λѧӣλѧӣҶ֮ĵɱ¾ֶţôʿòգۣȫɱˣǺεֶΡ
ѧӴĿģ֮ʱҶͻȻָƳǣԺѧӣƳ£ԺɷҲҪʧѹƳǳĨɱ˿ɻκʿһ
ǣ
ûһλѧӸԥƬ̣ȻţĸΪǸΪֶΣڣҶǰȫݿ壬˭ҲҲҶȺ׷׳ɱƳǡ


410 ƶ
ԺôԦЩ£
ӿ֮ϣҶ֮ϣѧӴɱƳǣû˸Ҳû˸ҳɡ
ǧʿȻҶһնɱ飬ɱϣһװԺԵܾ¡
ƻпǰ޷ŵһĻ𺳣ǧʿȻ˵ɱɱɵ£ȥ³ǸҪɿ£˵Ժ󣬲
ֻһԭߣɱ⣬ֻгûѡҪ£֣ȫ˾ǣ
ҶɷƵ˵˵ɱ¾飬ϰΪȥһ˵ʶʲô
ʱһоһ磬޹飬ϣޱ֮ģȫڽ£ǿ߷緶ҶһֱԼùݣ𣬲ֵһᡣ
ҶȲλãҪ̵λԺвӣ˶ҪԷӣֶΣǱġ
ҶУȻǳǸˣȶƣȥаҪߣһ֣ɱбڴˣ㲻κμɵſ
ǣȥãƻȫҶѪ飬κλּʼۼѧӣ
ԭΪаɢңڲԼΧءܿ죬Ǿʵķ÷ƽ˾ûκ˸¡
ΪԺ£ҶȵĽ٣ֶΣѱǿѹնɱ֣ѹʿòʵһյҶ´ķּÿǰ³Ҫ˭ҳٵǹѣǾͳͳѹ
ּ´Ϊǻķƽ˾û뵽һɸķ籩ڳΧҲʼƲ졣
³ǣһģĹ֮УΧλѧڰأɭ
Ưһ޵ľҶУڱĿ̫ͬʱҲ̫ϵ̫ͨһһ˽
ҶȺοһɵɹ¯һǧɵҹ߽ǿһǧɵҶ׽̷̳õǧɵҪ߼
׽̷̳Ҳû߽ߣ߽ף̩λǰʵ۰ĴڣǿʵƳĵҩҩЧȻͬ졣
ͨҶԶʸɵȶ֮̿ʼ̫ѡ˲ţ統ݴ½ɴ󡢸ʥŵӣʥġϽߡԬڡФ峾¸Ůӡŵŵȵȡ
Եǣˣµһŵ𣬾ȻҶڵʶġͬȫһǸһɲĿֲ
Щţʥģԭڣڴȫɢµͳͳ̫ҵ۹ʥҲһ̫ҪͳͳѰЩټֱӹ鵤󣬾ɵ
ҶȻЦЦ̫ڲϷչ׳ҪģȻĪȻϵ
ĪȻѾԺλѧӣõ߲࣬ؼĪȻǱ׽̵һӣͨĪȻ˽⣬Ҷȵ֪Ժ¼󣬲׽̽ͽȥĪȻȻ˳õ׽ʹ߿أΪԺʹߣֱӸԺ׽Ǳ
ңҶȻ֪ԺȻҲ׽ڣĪȻֻ֪Ժ׽͸ֻǵϵĪȻҲԺơ
ҶȺܳԾ׽ǱôȫһŶԺڲ߲չһһȥԺҪ׽̴ڲ߽⡣
ĪȻҵˣԺ׽Ҳ뵽ĪȻӣڽҪ׽˵ʹԺ߲㣬ʱĪȻЩһΪãʹǵתǹͷԸ׽̡
ҶǹһЦԼԺ׽һӣٽ׽ϣ԰׽Ժòùӳԡ
͸˽һҶȶĪȻҪʱʱ̿СģǱԺͷѫ
ţҶ̩ӹͨոսӴ֪̩ͷŸǿʢֱҶǰһͶӰҶ̰Ѵӡñ˷֡
ֵܣ̩λ˺ˣķλ£̩ͶӰֳһ仰ǶҶȴҳޡ
̩ΪǸ߸ϵˣҶֻһˣһõӣڲϻָʵҶȺοڷΪҶȵĽ̩ҲĪ֪϶۾
Ҷ΢ЦҲû취˼ҪԸңҪԺţ̩֣ôйɽӦж˰ɣ
ʤǼһ޲һټ̩λ֮󣬾Ҫɽ֣ʼɽΪ룬ΧֱԺڵ򣡡
ɽٵĸȻ٣̩λ棬̫Сһ߰ҲǸιҪһȽȤ飡
̩ӺȻҶȣŷʲôһ
Ȥ飬йأ̩⸱飬Ҷһ۾Ϳб¹Լ顣
̩ӵǰ죬ڵǵˣӵǴһϢһΪħĵǿȻֱɱ˵ǣר׷ɱݴ½һֱĵ¹ȺеġҲϣԳ֣սò£ǵ켼һ˰ߣ
ħģ
Ȼˣħľˣڵ¹¹߽ܾĥ˸׹ħҶȵľѪ϶֮ʵΪ̩λָĸ֡
ħԹ죬ȺˣȻǺ͸ģһʱؾҪɱе¹ߣǿбʳһܡ
û뵽ж˿٣ֱɱϵǡ
Ȼȴ𾪡һѣǣ̩λ˽֪Ľأһ˾Ȼֱɱ˽ȥԣҪɱ˵¹ߣȻҪԸ죬Ǿʤ
һﵽ𣬽ޡ
һֱͷǿĵˣˣҲûȥ£ʵҲ㣬ƺҪǿ٣ңȻҲһΪɽ㣬Һ⡭̩ӺȻһ̾
һˣ£Ҷ֮ЩֲõţĿˣ˼ɵԺ˺Ƥ
ԭһˣΪɽ׽̡̩һӵ˵̩λսʱΪһ߻ߡ
ССݴ½ʼСΪţ½ּԺһ·ҡֱϣΪλһţԭһжкܴϵ
ڷ磬һˣֱһλ棬λˣˣڷ޵еĴڣҶʵ⣬һССͼλ棬Ȼ桢̩ӡǧ챳Щ̩λǴΣ
쿴ȻһλתޣλˣӦþǴɽλ棬½ģֵܣҪСĴˣǰû£ڣǸҪ׽һ𣬽϶Ҫնɱ㣬Ҷûкӹ
̩ӼҶڳ˼һ仰ͻΪһ裬ƿնȥ
ŷ̩뿪ҶҲδӦ˼ãŻعҺûǰԵǶ֣նɱ졭
ӵҶʵʵնɱɰ˽ףŽԭΪɱһ죬⣬ڣҶЩԼ侲ͷԡ
Ҫǲ侲ɱ¾ɱ˫ۣҶɱ˵ǣ˵ᱻնɱǲҲˡǱӡ
һֱأ˿еľţȻͬ죬Ȼ벻Ŷܡ
ȻҶҲӵгħֱ˻ֲĴڣһˣ⿿ˣԶҲɳȥңκ˶ǿסģؼҪԼҶȲԸ죬ҪԼһնɱ졣
߶ǾҶĸҪŵ׺Ϊš
£
ڤڤ֮Уȥ£ʱ򣬴⴫ϢԻƻеĽס׵λѧӣڵȴټ
һӣʧӡҲ룬Ҷ֮֮£һŻ򿪣ʮλλѧ롣
λλѧһһ£һλĽ׵վҶȹ£ʱ䣬ҲʵյϢƺд
֮УѹԽ󣬷ľԽѹЩˣҪڰǲǸóˣƻЩҪһЩ޴ҲҪżɽ¥ʼҪģ
Ҷ֮ϣˣŷÿ붼ˣ֮򣬾κΣ
ƻվȭʩ񣬿λѧӣֿҶȵڸƺǿӲѹ˳Ǹڵǻ᲻ֶͬΣԸǣ֮Уƺд
㣡Ҷʵ
ƻе£ƺаͨһγǴ䣬ЩƺҪìͷָǣڰ£ʲôж޷̽
ԳΪ룬Ҫһңȥѧ£ȴϷ࣡
Ҷһ£޵ģʮЦš


411 ׽
һĺ«ˮаѹôѹԽݣԽ󣬿ĺ«Ҳؽ͡
ڰҶǰ־棬һ־ǿưѾѹǣǱϾ򣬱Ʈǡǡ䳾ǡǣκξֻҪԺ򣬾Զƽ¡
νɽ߻ʵԶǴԵƸӣ䣬һѹ̫ݣƱػ𵽷ãǾǸıҡ
κǰῼǵҶ뵽һ㣬Ȼ֮䣬ҪҪһѴģԺһݣѾִڳѹ֮ٴνš
Ժʮλ£ִԺʷ֮Уٳֵĳһλ£Ϳѹһκ׳Ƴʮλ£Ѿ˵Ժ߲ǰ׼Ԥս١
Ҷ֮Уƽһ´󹦣ʮλ֮УӱȻԺָһȣЩйթ£ʵ
ۻܿڻƻеҪѧӴ£ʮλλѧ뿪ڳѾۼѧӣȫΪҶȵãѹһ׽
ֹʮ죬ѧӴٽٸ֮󣬾Ȼû׽ټһȫʧˣҶȾбΣ׽ʲôԲԺԸߡ
׽ûʲôԳΪȴһԺ䶯ԺĴ¡
ǰӦж˰ɣ
ڱչУŬͨ˽״ﵽŽף̤ɾһ죬ƻеҪλѧӼҴҶŷд·
λѧ룬δ£ƻоͻ㱨£²ãڳһʲôˡƺƵʮ齨ɣڶ࣬ɸֶһǧˣ˵ΪľҪɱ볽ǣõƬͳȨ
ˣ
ҶһȻԤеһڰƲ˵׽ͻȻʧĪϵҶƽʵ𣿡
ƻбأͣ٣ȫˣˣ϶γ¼Ϊɣǣ˵Ҫǳ֣
£ɴСǲܴãܻʷңһӰ֣һλѧӽ˵
а͸£һǴãа̱˵ЩԸԺ
ţλѧӣһһԼ뷨޹˼ɣͳͳ˵˳˵ԣûһʵʽ취
ԽԽңûлҶȿЩλѧȻɵҶֶΣϾҶΪ£ûϣǣѧӣҪֵģǵʲôˣԺҪ涯ŭʮҲ壬̳ѹ
ǻʲôʲô˵ģ˵
˷Ϊ£ҶȺһһȫû⣬ҶҲʱʱ
Ұ»кζԲߣ
ãһλλѧӣŷǸһֱҶһһվֹ˰
֪һλλѧ߳һκ֣Ա˵Ȼжᣡ
ǳҶʩȻ˿κ޳ֻѴһ㣬¸һڣʲôһһҺģѧӣ
޳˵ǣһǰкƻüͷһ壬߳վȰ˵ˡ
ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣҲֹˣڶɢȥɣˣκ޳ھ͸ලˣ𣿡ȻҶһ֣һϽʮλλѧӶʵҶȴԿκ޳´
޳֪ô죡κ޳һЦһҶʲô뷨
ڣѧӷ׷ڰκ޳ƨĪҶ˼ףκ޳ھǴҶȣʼһд¡
Ҷʲôˣڳ˲֪֪ҶȲ£Ϊе£˭ҵ
κ޳˼
Ҷ̴֮Уҳκ޳ϡ
ԭκ޳Ҳһ׿ԽĽΪԺλеţ±Ƚϵ͵һ˺Ҷȵû뵽κ޳Ǹۼⶾ󲿷뷨ˡ
κ޳һ£ȥˣͻأð϶о޴ı
һ˲ӡκҲ޷͸ҶȿʼͨŽס
ڵڤϱ֮УҶֱӴͨͻƵͨ˽ףǲ˼Ҫ֪Ҷǿ쳣ɴһͻƣһ̺ĹȴҶ˲ͻơ
ϸϸһ룬ҶȾøӲ˼飬ԽԽ򵥣ʱ鶼⣬Թȥϸһ룬־һ˲ͷ
ڤʲôˣڵյ磬ˡΪС㣬ʵɵֲֿزڵεȵļ壬ӵǿǿߣһڤΪС㡣
ڤǺݣŻɵ۰ǿߣΨǴӡ
һ㣬ڤȻԪʵ̫˼飬һŮӣȻ߹ôԶʷԶŶŷڤϣһܡ
ڤŷܸܵĴڣ
֪ΪΣڤڤ֮УҶ֮䣬֮һصŷڵĳ˸ڤҶеԣ塣
ڤ᲻ҶȶԸܵκӵУҶȶܸܵ
ʱ˿̣ҶܸӦ̩λ棬һͬ΢Ϣڻͷţ˸Ҷ֪ӵԼϢˣȻˡ
ţ
Ȼ˼ھ֮ʱһӵ⴫룬Ȼʮִڷ硣
ҶȸӦΧ֮ʣһİڵ⴫£磬ݼ£
磬ɶףλѧ֮УһͨĴڡ
ԷԱݣҶһʹѧϢ֮У鵽һϢҶȾɻˣһͨλѧӣӵֳ
Ҳһ˸Ӧ߽ס˽׵ҲһӸоĲͬҶ̫һκգɣκαװ̫һǰΡ
ճ˷λѧӣһءαװԺԴǣ̫һ£ص࣬˳
ɣ
ҶҲ֪һɶЩصѧӣΪҪԼԼ֮ǰλѧߺ棬Ҷʽ飬ҶҲֲ֣κҪһŲЩС֮ˣҲв鷳
һλǰۡٷ硢üĿѧӣУӼ£
Ҷһ֣ɭƣճ˷磬㲻úȥķѲߣΪѧӱݻұкҪ£
£ǰȻҪ¶
ճ˷Ȼֱ壬֮͸ĪЦݣͻȻһѴķ
ʲôεȴ£Ҫ˽Ҷȵû뵽ճ˷ˣȻȰѴһнʩչֶΣԲֹɶףһ
˼ҶȲ³ӦкϷݣңڤڤ֮УҶѾöԷܴ֪ʲôݡ
ճ˷绻һϳ飺Ҫ˵Ǵ£ȻҪСĽһ©ԵӶ£
ҶȾճ˷Գݡ
ճ˷£򵽴ң˵ԺԺƲεǰ£˵ֶΣӦÿóӲһ˰ɣ
ȷһˣвͬݣճ˷磬˿ˣұģҶȺȻ
ʲôΰ׽̷̳һλʹߣش˷Ҷ£ҶԺǷˮһԾˣΪԺ
ճ˷ƺҲܵԤϻ־棬Ȼ䲻˫֣ǰã¼ִҪµľԺҪΪ߲㣬ף
˵һԾΪ£ż깦ûκλڸ߲֮У䵹飬ִϢ㶼Ūô׽£ңҶȱֳ㵡
ճ˷Ҷǳס֪ݣҲݣΰʹߣ֪Ҷ´£ϣ¿ǿǣվ׽һʹߴӦֻҪҶܿһߣ㲻Ҫ׽̣Ҳṩָ߼ɵɵи߼
ҶͻȻһЦѵ׽̣֪ƻǷ̳׽̷̳ɱ죬ǾȻұ𣬷£ң
ȥĶѾȥҵʱҲδҶκν֮ǰϵҶ¿Ҳ˼У׽̣ѽ̳ԺвٽǱҶ£¸͸¶ô࣬ϣܿһߣԺȥ绹ҪΪһ£
£죬Ҳ£λȨص£Ҷ£˵֤µ˰ɣճ˷ٴμ˵
ǼȻ֪Ժ߲ܵżǾԵľƣƾ㣬䣬Ҹ˵ˣ뱾ͨȥɣ
Ҷһ֣Ͱճ˷ֱӺ˳ȥӰ
û뵽׽̻ңǷ̳ӦðΪͷŴС
Ҷ֮ϣȻ˼˵ӦҲ˵ҵĶʮɱңһֱûжΪʹߣ֪ܲ׽̶򣬲֪ʲôʱܻ棬װնɱ
֮ǰҪԺͨһδ͡ҶǾԲΪԸ׽̣׽̣ΪǿУ̩ӣ֪Ժ˹ϵή㣬ҶȲԸġ
ҶȺȻһЦ׽̾ԲŹᣬһҪϹˡ


412 ׽
³ǴԼԶĳɽ֮ϣճ˷ӰһδκƣƬطӡƺ֮С
ɽɫˣŷһصɽ֮ϣʮ׽̺ۻƵĽӣӵһλˣ˻ŷһͷߣ룬ŷʲôԿ
μʹˣ
ճ˷һǰ˲仯Ϊһۻƣǰ˫ֺһʮȣ֮ſ𾴺
Į⣬ֻһ񣬾ճ˷˷磬ȥջǸҶȣȷʾ𣿡
ճ˷Ͻش𣬲ҴҶƺʥ˼С̫ͣϣһλ˵ϵˣȥԼһ棡
Ҳκˣѡ񣬴ҶȴĻԺһ´λһλ£ʸñȥȡһλ£Է̳Īô
˸ζ
ճ˷絣ʹˣҪȥҶȣҶȣǰǴݻʥһ̳ٽϣνѪծۣʹǰȥСҶҪʹթ
˱˫֣ⲽǸԺھǸͰ󣬱ҪעһŶڲʴǣ
֣Ҿô²ף
ͻȻȫյ磬˸һۻƵ׽̽ӣͷߣȻ棬ƻףǲɽɣ˸оͬ󺣰䡣
֣ôпֵǰЩ죬Ҳ̳ȾƳ
һ˳֣ˡҡͷȥδѣӭӶ
μ̳
ӷ׷վֱֱģͬʱԵ棬ޱ𾴡ɵʩ
һ֣ɫֳҷֱ֮ϣŴ֮Уһ׽̽ӡ
ɨķֵ֣֪ܵԺɳ¶Ըʥ̣֪ҶƬ򣬾͵һʱֵһҶȴǲöԸֵ꣬ܺò򣬰£ȴû뵽Ҷϣ
󣬼ϸ룬ڷҶȵȷǸû뵽һͽҵƻԸףʥ̻ԺԿԸˣֻգΪ˾棬Ϊ˷̳ҲȲʩչ˼ƣ
ȻѾ㣬ֵҲͲٶ˵ʲôֻҪ⣬ˣֵܷ̳Ҳһλ£ϻȥ֣ǣ
˼һ뿪ˣͣҲǹһֻ̳
ѽƾôҶȶ֡һн֮мٴϸصɱ
³ǣ֮УҶȷŷһٻͷš
ʮһǳͶӰ֮ϵգȻԺԪϣ
ոսٳǣͿⷬٻ飬ҶʵҶ£ٻϷǷд£
뿴
ҶȾ֮ϣһָ΢΢һ㣬⿪ʼŤоȻֳճ˷һԻ
ߡ
ΪķһգͰģӡһŭʥڷӡ飬¡ׯϵ޵Ҷ¹ͣΪԺץסһͽѧӣǿɶԺЩλѧӶӿû뵽ȻΪΥС֮
Щ˾ջˣԭ֮ܶ࣬ľȣɻȣ
Ҷȳȣ˸ıϣѾǿʼϵĻճ˷һ׽ҪңǾͿһ׽׽̸ֱ߲ӸնɱȻߣ
Ϸףãξô죬һҪѴܣѾնɱ¾ͽϷ죬ԷίߣǣסǱɣ
˵꣬ͶӰʧˡ
ǺǣԼðվ֮ʵ׽̰׽̣͵ˣ
Ҷھ͵׽ʹԼȻ󣬷λԪϣԶ֣Ը׽̣ľͲ£²ؼ߸߹𣬷пԻȡô
һ֣ٴγֳ
Ѿͨ˽ԲֻϧҪãһδܾͻͨ˽ףҶȾ֮УԪȴѽ³Ǿ۵ףκ춯ƿء
֮ҶȻ۾һϤڽ³ڳ֣ûƬ̣ճ˷ͳڵ⡣
Ҷɱݺ᣺ճ˷磬㻹еǰ
ճ˷һ͸оȫͷŷ⣬ʱƴ̱Ϣŭ˷Ѿʹˣھڽ³ȺҶ£ϣίǰʹˣ
ţӺܴãͶһᣬнթСӣҪɱˣһ㣬ߣ
ҶͻȻһӥץСƵģץŵòճ˷磬ڴʧ
߳λߣ
ͻȻֳżλյߣ䣬̻ΪӰβȥ
³ʮ⣬һƬʯĸԭһʯɽеʯеι״֮ϡ
ˣ
һʯɽ۷壬׽̸ʹվ棬Ȼ⣬ɨһۣǧɳκμӲ壬ᱻݻ١
ಣ
Զϯʯ˲ģһʯɽǲھ´ͳͳ̤Ϊһʯ
ҳ֮УٵӰȭΪ׽̷̳̳ʹ֮һңҶ£ǰŲһȻʵȺ
ʹˣճ˷ŷɳŵһ麹عߣɭһɨŵٴζ¡
ʹ£Ҳгĵģ
ҶȽŴӾ֮н٣Ҷһʯɽ֮ϣ˫ֵǱǣƻ׽̷̳Һ֣ճӦ׽ѪУΪλҪ£ң
ϢǿʢŷҪҶһΪ֮ǰҶ²޹ཻʱн룬Ҷ¾Ͳˣ
ңһиʣǾͲǹ׽̣Ӷڲʼƻ׽𣿡Ҷʵ
׽̷̳ڶ̳࣬޵Уν޵УҶ£ģʥ֮ģȥľ͹ȥδҪԺѾǱʥ̲ٽӣճ˷֮ڶ֮һҶ£̩λƣֻϣҶǺҲΪԼĳһ·
ҶһʣҲ˵ĳ˵Ҷʵ⣬Ҷûش
ҶЦȻ̹ϣϣʵһ㣬ܸʲôôˣǿ˵ģңҲΪ棡
Ҷ²ˬֱҶҲ뷨Ѿһһǡɷ䡯ڶ̳ƵġԪʯʮöĽ׵ɵ
һһץ⸡ֳɷһĶƷ磬ָ̳ӡϹǿޱȣԪʯһֹ̱ԴļƷ̳ΪͲ˵ʮɵȻҲرҶ֪мֵ
ùһ
֣Ȼû˵Ҷ˼Ҫ֤һ£׽ûֽ֮š
ಡ
ҵһЦһͷҶȡ
ԪʯŨҵңȷ߳ʮֹ̳ǸҲҪ֤һ£
Ҷһץס⣬Ȼҵ棬˿Ҳ˼ͰһһҺʯͷĺɫһ߳ʯеҶ־ϲȻǷ
ͻͨŽ׾ϣˣԭҶͻƾҪ͵̼ſͻƣڣȻ˰װ
ԥһ󣬱ֳ˿˿֮ҶһſڣͰѾԪʯ˽ȥʱ䣬һԵƢȫںƵģǴ꣬Ҷһ»
Ȼһֶҵ̫һʲôɡ˷
Ҷװһ£ʼԪʯȻɫŤʹ㣬ӣ
Ҷȣ̰ᣬԼʵ̫˰ɣ̳ʲôˣҶ޷õΪ£Ҳ̳µģӴˣҪܵĥΪã
ҼҶʹģͷһɺɫ͵Цû뵽ҶȻϵ
֮ǰ滹˵ǸҿˣˣΪλϣٵһ̳ˣץס
һ֣λ̳Ҷȡ
ᣡ
ͻȻһŤĹ⻷ʯĶء
ţĸ֣Ȼӡռ䣬ѵ
ɫɫţҶȣɶ㾹Ȼ֪ͨݸ߲㣬ҶȣúҲú
͡
һ׽̽ӣʼŤĿռ֮Уһ⽣͸ҲǿߣΧը˱뺷سռȥ
ûˣ
Ҷȳʯɽ֮ϣǰһȫŤĿռ䣬ţһλλɱУҶؿڣʹĵպþԪʯ÷ЩǿΪһӣΪң԰ȫӶͻͨŽף


413 
ɵԪʯҶȾѾһ㣬ѾԪʯ԰жӡڳһ̬÷߳ⶾҶȴԳûΪԼͻͨŽ㡣
ͨŽ׶һʿһԽĺ蹵ҪͻƾŽ״ﵽʮԲҪۺأԲҶ̫Ӵ󣬴򹦡Ѫ塱Ϊͨʿʮǿ
ֵ֮õ񼣼ӳ֣̫ŨȳԽ̫࣬ҪҲ
ҶȷѰͻƾŽ֮ʣǡ׽ϸ߼ͻƾŽ׾Ͳˡ
ףȻǷǼλ߶֣ԺǲԻвֻԪţ
Ҷȹƣ뿪ŤռȴʼԪʯ
ԪʯǧƵǧ·֮ȻҲǷƷҶȫԴﵽͨ˽۷壬Ž׽һ֮ң
ͻ
ͻأ֣ҶȺ󷽣ѸͻأĳһƣȻƬռɽ֮ƳҶϯ
䡭
ʵ̫ѸͣҶȾ㷢֣Ҳ޷ܹȥۿűУӰ漴һըײ䣬ŷղϷڣÿһΣѡ
Ҷȡˣ
ٿһۻӰصشֳȻ档
·ĻֺȻʱ֮䣬һֱָ֮ѹ֮ץ
צ֮κֻǵ˺ΰ֤Ϊǰǿ֪١
һͬңȴڱĻʵëս
ಡ
һͶӰâӷڳγһצ֮ץͶӰɵķ֮ϣֻһײ֮ͶӰȻצ֮⣬צ֮Ϊʧ
צ֮Ȼȥʧʱ򣬳ֳɡ״ŷҶڵ֮ϣһѿɡ
桭Ȼ㣬㻹Ǹңɱ֣ͼƻ˰ɣҶȺˬЦ𽥴ͶӰ֮
濴Ź⣬ţŷû뵽ֽ֣ɫҶȣĳɳ⣬㲻һͼӣڵΪһ

ɱ֮УҶʯڵ֮зɳɲǼƽգЩǱЦ棺ͼӣȴȡ㾭Ӫţµͳͳɱ⣬ݴ½˹һˣ
һݻֱâ
ߣһţί֮ʲôȨһ£ǣȴǺࡣ
ǵһʽ棬棬ݴ½ǳ˲㣬ң죬ѩ֪ɺϣ˳ͬ½ȴѣǵˣһЦ
˵Ҷһֻ֮Уŷʱս棬˻صŵӣڵ꣬Ҳδнա
һ죬ҲµľѩҲǼһΪ£򵥣Ȼǧ佻Ϲϵ°̬޳
ҶȺЩ٣֮ͫ壬·ڴһ죺ԸҺܾ˰ɣ֪ҳΪԺ£һ÷裬ʱյĺܺãɱңǣѵʱѾ㲻ɱڵңҲɱ˹ȥңһɱ㣡
ɫϣͫ˿дһĨмǰ˽㣬ȴ֪Ǹտ˵׻ˣգԺɱ㣬ȴɱ㣡
ҵĶ򣬺˽ҾͲٶѿ࣬棬Ͷ׽̣ǿһ׽ҪʲôҺҶⱲӣҶֻǵˣԶĵˣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷƽ棬ʵûжĺ⣬죬ҶһҪɱ棬ףûʲô޵˼ѡ
泩Цҵ㣬ֲ㶼û취Ժķˮ֮ȷû̫಻ݵĳޣǣţɱҷΪҲҪ㵱ɴУ
֮ǰʶ˵ԳΪѣʶҲΪѣȻɲѣǾǵˣ棬ҲǵɰɣɣȻһˣͲҪ뿪
֮䣬һͶӰͷųɽ̬˲һǿȿԹֿԷ֣ء
̩λӿ´ң㡢ҡ졢ѩǾ´ƵĹؼû뵽ݴ½һˮأˣ¶дʷ
ͻȻЦЦ֮䣬ɣڣζȻҲᣬͻȻһ֣ץһȼյʮֶء
ʲô̬˹죡
ȼա̬¶֣ҶȾ͸оһ飬Уŷ͸ĶϢϢа񣬶ǰԵ칭һİԵƣȴȲ칭
칭ɽƷڷ磬ٳֲֿҲǳһƷﵽƷǶƷһͰԵ
Ҷȣû뵽ҲӵһܻûͶӰЩϢȫͨɽĶƷϣסҲһնɱ
ҿó㱾Ϣûдﵽɾһ˿ϢûУߵ죬ǿɣ죬֮գһΪģ
ȼյȻûֳϢԽŨңԵϢʼѿռ䶼
棬ͷųʵչֳװǿƣŷҪͷȫҶһɱԶ
ţ
Ҫ֮ʣȻԶŤռ䣬ʼֳؿռһ㣬ⳡ棬ͻȻȼЩʵʧһɱĻã´Ρ
棬ҲãǷЩϹŶڣҾͻչʵǲ칭컯ȭǧͼҲնɱ㣡
ɨһ¶Ťռ䣬սѾκϢû䣬ȻЩ׽̽ӣȫնɱ
ֻ۰ͰͿ뿪ǷˣµʵΪ֪Ҷͳ֣նɱ
δ죬򣬽֮Уһ䡣
ٿٿ
Ťʱջһߣ룬λߣɭɭصڷ˫֣մѪְնɱ
Ҷ£ղžȻ©֮ҪԸ㣬ϷӦ̽սףһ֮
縡ƯոΣҶǰ
˺ǿ󣬱Ҳ׽̷̳һλ̳Ϊ棬ҸƬ򣬿Ҳ漰򣬲ŻڰͻȻҳ֣ڷϸӦϳ򡭡
ȿȡû˵꣬ҶȾǰ㣬ͻѪʱɫ԰
ʲôԪʯ֮еӣҶ£ҲǵģçײԷóĶô£
ͻȻһָƫУպõҶҼ磬ʱ֮䣬Ҷ֮ڡ
Ȼ߼Ҷӡ󲻴Ҫ㣬Ϊ죬һ棡
ȻʹĺܣҶȴЦѾڿʼƻ÷λΪԼӣǱҶȡ
Ҷȼһ棬ʼڣһֱƽΪҶ˵ҶȲɵӣ϶һΪԼֻԪһˮƽˣȻˣҶȻǶԷӡ󲻴
һ֣λһ֮ΪҶ»ӣ
ಣ
ȫûκαߣͬһ㣬һͳΣҶΧסŷһưҶȺ󱳣λߣ׷һ㣬ںС
ˡȻ߽ǿߡһԪϣŷûԪϸߣȴֱԪҪҪԺص
ոսӴǿҶȾ͸Ӧ˾Ȼ߽׵ǿߣ߽ףΪҪ߳һأҶΪ£Ȼδ˵Ժ֮УҪء
Ժ̩λ꣬жǿ䣬ǿǱܳΪλ֮һ϶޷ֶ֪Ρ
λ߽ǿߣϷλɸ߽ǿΪҹඥҾԽǿǹԽ֪࣬յ
ҶȺȻЦʩչ̫һǧµӣͬʱ̸ܵĹɰʼӿҶ徭֮Уֱӳӳ
ʲôӣøֶΣ
ɲǼ䣬һߣûб飬ˣٿȻ˫ͫ𾪵˵
͵λߣӣ׽̳£дŴһˣȻֶ죡
һˡλ߶ʱ˿ݡ
һߺȻ޵Ҷ¹ȻţδͻɾȻӵĽȻţԺң
ߣЩƥ£ңҳΪԺЧ䵱һӡǵҾͲˣ
Ҷȵûκʼʩչ̫һĹǿɸ߽Ĵ޷


414 ͨŽ
Ĵɸ߽ǿ߹ˮ޳Ҷʱ˿̣󺣣κԳأ绻ˣͱĴŪʹҪըҶ˵ȴһܡ
޵и־һʯ񣬲ĵ̣ҶķͷһϵӿҶ
һֱʮ֮
ʱ࣬Ҫֹȥǿ϶ỳɣ˶ѵõĸ֣κῴ
͡
һٿȻۣһεһſдһѪһź̴ӰٻѨɢһʧڿ֮С
û뵽׽˸֣ҵ֣˵̩λݺ޵ֵ֣ܶǿߣҲָ
һߣջ˫֣һֱ΢˫ۣ˫֮䣬ȴģ
һ̾ȷͬ죬ɴ˿ɼ׽̱УҪԶԸ͸ղһ̳֣ӵסʵ
Ҷ£ӣѾֻ⣬ֻҪϢƬ̣ԻָҵҲҪϻԺ׽ǼͲϽԺԼðɣǧҪСйթ
ಡ
ҶһȻһ֣һص˲ΪһͨȡУƮ˲һͲӰӰһҲ֡
뿪ƬռҲʧȥѹʼɢȥ
÷ϾԪʯѾͨ˽۷壬ͻƾŽʱѾ죬ʮɵŽף⣡
ҶͻȻվһָΧռͻȻŤһ󷨴֮мȥܿ죬һƮľγɡ
գϢں̫һϸ硢֮͸һֹϵ͸ɣںϣɵʵںϣһ
洢ҲʼҲûзӡֱͷӽ𵤵ٵ磬ȻΪһ㣬ͬһߣҶȾ͸оһֿҪԽ޵Ĵڡ
ҪһʱںϣܿʼɵʼͻƾŽס
ʮڻϧһ磬֪󣬳Ϊ̺ٹڻܣ
һ˽۷壬һڱ仯Ҷһ̫һڷسֱ֮Ϳ⣬Ҷǿ״̬ס߽ס˽׶һȭ򱬣Ҷʵ
Ҫ֪Ҷͨ˽ףȴӵɰ˽ʵبΨе漣ȴҶһִ죬Ϊ档
ɰ˽ףȻ̩λĴڣʵ̺˼ĸ֣Ҷ֪һ㣬ֻͻɾѹɾκθ֣ǶԿˣҶҲ£ֶͨΣնɱˡ
ҶǱޣͨ˽ףͿԱȼɰ˽ףҪͻɰ˽ףǿԿɰ˽ף
ɵ
һ޽˸һ⣬һžӨ¶ϢĵҩҶģžС
ҩ¶ǿڴܶһ£͸оˬǷеһҩ
оʮɵԿףһ߽ǿ߲ſƳָ߼ɵʮţҽ׾Žײ⣡
ЦЦſһͰһɵȡţһɹɴඥһ㣬ϯȫ
ˬ׽£ң£׽̲ô£ңұϴƻһ̳նɱ죬ұնɱ׽ɳشǲ޶ԣ
϶һζԸңԻ׽̸֣ҽаɱ
ҶۣȻղһжֻ¶ȳģǣֿԷǳߣܣҲһȥ롣
һ棬һ졭ӽԺʱʱ̿ҪˣǶʡ͵ĵƣ϶ưոݣоȵ컹ѶԸ˲Ỵ̫̂Եţ
洢Ĳˣ׼׾Žװɣ
չؾ˼֮䣬һɵѾ߰˰ˣӴë׶ڱҶȻվһ֣ʼһչ޴󣬶һʥ̨ҶվϷ
̨ΧǶǧǿ⼸ҶܻΪģʵǿ
ݡ
һ̫ȻɽƵĴë֮Ҷˣһ޷ȡ
ţһ̫һɫͬĻ¯ҶΧҶסʼͷҫʥĻ棬¯ʼȼգܻҪɣٻ
ԽԽǿʢ¯˳棬Ҷһ缸ҲΪ棬̫һΪȼ¯϶Ϊһ
͡
ԽԽǿᡢȼУȻʼĦһըҶԽԽŤҪ
Щһɵ
һ֮ҶͻȻۣͻȻͣǾһɴʯƶ򵥵˵ǲһɱըıըΪƶ߶ȫֱӴأͨŽס
һɵ׵һɵͽʿףǿҩȻҶ˵ȴ΢Ѱһλͨ˽ʿ˸߼ҩпֱӴɾɾ
ͻưɣ
һְһɵȥ֮ҶȾ͸ܵʼ
ԺҪѰһЩɵ㣬ͨ˽Ҫɵܽ׾ŽףҪǴӾŽͻʮףҪţʮͻɾҪʮš
ɵƽһ򣬻õԺӦ嵽ʮɵȻ٣ͻʮ״ԲҪͨ쾳̤ɾ϶ҪѰʮŵҩ
֪ŷ֣ʿУޱɵһţʿ󣬵ҶУһ΢ʮŲ죬ϰٿŵҩԱ֤Ҷ̤ɾ
ͣ
һɵ֮󣬻¯ٴȻ䣬Ҷȵ˫ͫȻһ㣬ֱӼһ𣬻¯ҲȻ͡
˽ףɣ̤Žף
Ҷ˫ȭһ߬ŷ򶼿ץ飬ȭͷ֮ȼŻ棬ӿ̫һһȭڻ¯֮ϡ
䡭
ŷǳȼջ¯Ȼ飬ΪȼյƬҶë׾ȻһεѪҲʣͻһ̣ٴ飬ը
ը֮Уϸ硢ܴһ̣һʢϯȫӽŵ׵ͷ֮󣬹Ȼһܡ
оͨŽףоͿ۷壬ֻϧδ̤ʮ״ԲԲ֮飬̤ɾǲ۷壡
ͺܴû뵽ͻͨŽ֮󣬻ôž粻ṩܻ֮еͼˡ¶ʣ
ܵζҶȿʼѻ¯Ƭһһģ˲飬ͳͳ֮С
ɵ
̤ͨŽףʱ̣գָʮ
˭ҶһҲϧɵⲻſ죬һţ֮󣬷ŷտǵ壬ʼɵ𵤡ϸʼԾҶͬʱʼ߶
ͻƾŽףȻƿӸһͿʼ߷ǣԴԴϵԪʼӿ󣬷ԲٹԪܵӰ죬ת
أһŤУĪ⡣
ȻôҶգǿֲһĽס׸ֲֿ߽ס˽ǿߣգҲƿء
ˣһ򣬲ööȫеǿߣһλ涼Բöա
ȥҪʮ죬ͿԴﵽͨŽ״̬
ڲɵⲿȻ˫£ҶϵҶȰǡͻƾŽףɱңҲ֪׽ڳһ᲻Ǩơ
иˣҿɿߣ¶׽Ϊˣ˵׽һӶѣ
ˣߣԽԽãһνѹٱҼѹһͣҿһλᲢۣ˵ԽԺǬʥǬʥܸ߼ȻȲϽ֮Ԩȴʮְ磡
Ǭʥ˵Եõͻʮ״ԲĴ󲿷ʮײǿЦģǬʥҪ
Ѹͻָ֮ʱҶҲڴβͻɾоλȡҶһҲμ񣬾ΪôͣһԺ߲㣬ô򵥡
ˣھͻؽ³ǣκ޳δʲôϢȡ񣡡
ɣֱӾͰѾģ˶سֳҶһͳ³Ǽٷȥ


415 
£
Ҷȸջص³ǣټҪλѧӣѧѾ֪߲նɱ׽̸֮£ȻûڳǴÿѧѾ֪
ʥ֮ڣʮλѧӣڻƻСκ޳½ʥһסλѧֻȺ
ܵ⻹ǵڵλѧӣʱͬڱ֮ϵҶʩ
һĸλѧӣҶһӣɨˣκ޳飬Σ
Ӿ̽˽⣬ѰһԳΪģһɵһ϶ˣʿԼ֮࣬ѡλϵȵȣ
κ޳ֱ׳߳һ⣬ǿˣȻҶȹشλǶ̩λҲƿһ۹ҲסĽЩǿߣ˲׳ǣ˵ҪֱӶԺ֣
һȺں֮ڣǶ˰ɣ䲻ȥѧӶع³ǣûб˭Ҳܳǣκ޳ƻУֱȥ´ﱾ˼˵ԺѾǵҪȫնɱҪǱƼˣǣȻ޻أߣ
ҶͻȻһı֮ڴصÿѧУš
ѧǲһ֪ҶǷ˻ɵˣǿ󣬲׶ԸҶȾȻֱƣҪԽ³ʵȥ˶Կеѻʯζ
˵ȷԺУһȺں֮ڰˣǣ³ǵԺʵԸαɢ£ҶԷ׸ֻв٣ĽסҲв٣ۼȫԽ³ʵ
ӲӲǽ³һҲûУֻʱסȻȴԺԮٳѹˡ
Щѧӣһ
֪ʲôǶڶΣɱһ˳ҪǹͷӲ治ǿȥﱾ˼ҶûλѧӣֱӶκ޳ƻ
·ģǾҲҪ񣡡
ƻСκ޳ĽΪִǿνһԾŶԺλ֮ߣԽѧӡ
ѾóҶڱصãǲҶʵһˣѹˣȴ֪ԺԲῴһλ³κ£ԸˣǻԺڱ֧֡
ߣҶ̬ȲǿӲԺҲԲϣ˭ֵģ֤ԺоʵΪ
κϡ
ƻСκ޳ȥ֮ʣλѧӻ޷ףΪ֧Ҷж
ȥﱾҶȶ˵ӻ֣λѧʩϢ뿪
Щ˴µѧӣԺΪ̩λбǸûЩǰˣ
Ҷ֮Աǣ̻֣ʱӡʼһɵΪ
ͻͨŽףſؿڣҪȹ䣬ӳ֣Ȼ񣬵ȴ߼ʱֻɵ
˵ȷֻӵǧɸ֣ϸʿɽˣ˵ССһ³ǣԺҲᵱǿԺʷϣѾܾûַֹڡ
ҶβҪҪ˶֪ԼңɲûˣҶҪɱɱ˶ôϧôǿȻҪΪá
̫ȱ˼Уô̫Щ˸̫ʿЧԣһһƬ򣬵졢ѾƵ
ʸͨ쾳ʿҲ޷æֻɾʿſ
͡
ˮӿˣҶڱһ˽һˣˮҶ֮ӣ
һɵֻһ׸֣ǾͲһᱻҶըøɸɾһɵθ߼Ҳֻһֵҩһִ
ǡҶȸոͻͨŽףҪ룬֮䣬Ѩ֮ӿо޷
ǣϽ½һ޴ǳأʱ˿̣ʮʿ߶סƻκ޳ŷУ޲ɱˡ
֣治ܻӭκ޳ŭϲ˫һλһǰԽԽʿӿԽǿʢֱϿγһеС
ıӰˣɼŶǿʢ
ƻЦ߲ƣˣҶǰʲôκ֣ҪǴģҶüغϣѹغϣҶ¾ͻˣһѹһ򣡡
غϣ
κ޳ЦǰǺƺƵӿʮʮ˴ӳǳ֮У˷ӿһغϣҶģһʲôɣڶ̶̼ʮʹӼѧӳΪķ£֣ⲻżȻ
ƻ󣬺ȻʵκֲҪһλ£Ϊɽ𣿺֮ǰκҵԪΪʦأ
ԪϣʸΪԪͽԭָ£һǱ쳵ԸԴҶ£۾һҶҶʮ㣬ֵҲܸӦҶƺҲ£κ޳һĪ⡣
κ֣ǱҶ³磬Ӧǰ
ƻ仰ǻл˵һ룬Ͳ˵ˡ
κ޳Щ죬ȴûбֳһƵʶʱΪܣڱʲôڱѧУҲǱ֣УʵǱ֣ʵǳ
κ޳㾹һҪΪ㣬ƻУѹķȥ޻أ
ͻȻһߴһźƣӳǳɳһԾ죬ΪѹѹĺƣϷӿѹȶ
ƻСκ޳ͬʱɫһԷƣѾԽǣ֤֮ϣ֮һڽ棿

պٴλû·ʿ乧ʩӭǿ߽٣ͻȻΪһӰһź۵ߣջ¡
˫ֲں֮ڣݣӱ۰һֻһ˫ͫԵţͷëսаǳһĳǿߣ߰ڽ档
ڳķŹںڽ񻰴˵˵Ǻ˵˵ħת˵õִ֮ŶС
ڳƫԶͨ쾳һĴڣ˵ɾɾ߽ףǶǴ˵еĴڣÿһ𣬶
ڽ֮һֱڨڨЦţаضŻƻСκ޳ĿڻƻϣƻУǱô꣬һСӣȴԺƣⷽΪΪɱȻˣϷҪµͷ­ԹõϢ
ȵȣڽ棡
ۼԷҪ֣κ޳ͻȻһӣɫڽ棬ǲ㶷Ǵģ
£ţǸ£ողųΪ£һ֣ڽȻ֣ͣϢȻˣ˵֮䣬ȫҶȵһ£á
κ޳Ѫȵڽ棬ĪţܿͻԺѾ´Ҫ˽ѹǰ׼ãΰ£ʱͻɱڽ棬ϿλۼɣϾɱ
ʲô
ڽһȻɫԭǷȫֺ˶ѣԺҪӲģ̬ȫͲͬˡ
ˣ
һ쾫κ޳ƻоʧˡ
¿鷳ˡҪԺַģȻѾ̿ƣǾսɣڽһ֣ͻΪһźƣʿǳطȥ
Ĳ
³ڣҶ֮ϣƻκ޳ջصûǿڣҶȷŷһУ˳޵
£ҪС˸Ӳ磬ڽ棬ѾҪͻףʵʮֹ죬ֵˣж䣬ĩڽǶƿصģڽ۹Ҳʮǿ󣡡
ڶλΪ¬ɲɱ¾ԣʵȺڽ滹Ҫǿһħ֣
˵һҢƿգⷽǿѾ̤۷壬ʱ۷壬ƿؼʵİ۹齨ս޲ʤľӣҢƿմˣһҪĶԸ
ƻ߳ܵϸϸˮʣÿһгǶ춯صڳǣƻǸˣЩ󽻵
˵֮䣬üͷ𣬿ȷЩѲ
֣ҲҪԼ糤־ɰգƻͻȻվŻƻ˵
ˣҲǵı޳ȥ鿴˶һ۳ǣϸ֪
Ҷһ֣ƻСκ޳Ȼգ۳ڵ⣬ʵͨͻȻҶʵʼŲɡ


416 ֻս
ɶ񡭡ڽ棬ǸҶȣʲô
һؿռ䣬ߵȻһźƴ֮ƷӿŷƲȻڽлû
Уһˣһһꡣ
ǿߣһаͼڵĺɫսףȫͷսɱ¾֮ͫͷųŷһ֧֧ʱɱˡ
һأϢʱʱޣһͷںڳƮݵ磬ˣһһʣŷףǿϢȻȻӿ
˼ڽ棬ٴʵ꣬ȥٻû뵽ع֮һ½£˷ĿˣԺ£ֲûÿͿģ
ɲ֪ķɱ¾ûж֣Ҳϲ֣ʶˣѵƭ㲻ɣ
ڽһıҪŷһӿˮˡɲ˵ǳȥ˲֪̩λЩνǺðڼǧǰԺ˸ѧӣΪ죬ͨ쾳ȻͶõǣʵʵףһ£֣һҶðȵ죬ŲŽԺʮѣʹͨѧӽλѧӣִλѧӳΪ£ǰãһ˰ԺĴ£һɱʮλλѧӣ
Ŷ
ɲһͫȻǿɱ¾֮λɲɲǵ½Ǹʲôɲһɲɱ˲գۣ̩λҲպգĸ֪ɲĴڡ
һͷһЦããǽɽ˲ųҵЩȻҲϹŶͲţһųΪµѲ
ɲ㲻ĻҢ֣һֱһ򣬺ٳȥ߶̩λƣҶڽȻһλȡ׵˵
ɲȥҢ֣˵˵ˣ
ڽһҲҲԣҶȴˣһֻǴţֵˣٺ٣ڴţֻͷҲԺҪһȡѣˣ׶Ը֣ѵһé®СӣҲڲƽ𣿡Ңƿշˡ
ɲһתȻǸֱӣҲ˼ܵʱССʻ괬Ң֣ȻСģҲҪһ㣬ȻʹԮ׽̰ǶԸԺǸˮҲڿǲ׽̳׺
Ϊ׽ʡ͵ĵƣҪ׽̣ʱǽףѣ׽̵ǲû
ҢƿղΪĴڣֵֽﻢ£ʱҲܵȻվԺˣִܲԼɲ˵Ĳ׽Ԯ
ǲң棬Ƿ̳̳Ҫʱ޷Ҹ̳
ͻȻռһһۻˣƳش٣ÿϢڷ
Ңƿաɲڽһۻƣʱӭƺһʿɵʮ֡
ʮλ׽̽ӣǰһݵĺƳۣ˵̳յشλԵ֮ߣǸղᵽҶȣȷǸöԸȴǸʶ̵ܶļһʲôʮɵ˶ԸԺ
ʮɵ
һĶᵽɤۣɵʲôˣҲ˶ףǿƵͼɵ߼ɵǾ粻ȴ޷ƳͻףȻ󣬻дϡ
ȻɵÿɾʿƵĻֶǣʲôɾӵļֵ
ʮʮɵмֵҢƿաɲڽֿ϶֪ǳûɵ̤أ˵档
ಣ
ö̴ָÿһöָͷʮҩԣȻп϶Ƿӡɵ
ããˣһҪԺƷҶСɱɲȲóһɵ޲ȥ
ˣֻڻңҪ֪ҶԺԪնɱǻߡ
ˣҪԸҶȣҲʮգҾƲǵڻңɱҶãɱڰʱҶɱ֣һΣһҪҶͷ룡
ҢƿˣɵȫʧϣһЦ˵Ƿȥɣ̳ϽӣעһһǲõģԺԮҲΪǰ·ɱǣȥ޻أóķ򣬳ڸλ
ҢƿˣŷһҢƿձȭã̳ԺǾͬһϣݼǾͲˣȹ³ǣȡȨǾͼ̣
һΪʱҶǿСӰɣػһɱǲµͰȻȥ޻أֻҪһ³Ȼ˲ƣ
˵仰ʹӷˡ
磡ˬ
һߣڽһ̣ռӡڨڨЦʮɵҢͻףɲҲü꣬ͻףʱƬ֣ʲô£ԺԪϽ٣֣Ҳȥ޻أʲô棬ʲôɫֻҪʵߣÿ׽̣
˵ǱﻰʲôģҶˣǶԸҶȣ־Ժ޷Ժ⣬ã׳ûᣬŵһ⣡
ɲͷһɵĵ˷θһΧʼ֣ɵϢ
ǵɵȻǸ߼ҩ
ã˾ϲô󣬾ҶɱҪȥ޻أûҲҪף
ҢƿعЦţֿʼɳգʧ
컯ȭڶʽ죬ȫڻͨʩչնɱɰ˽סŽǿߡ
³Уʥ֮УҶڷӡ֮Уϵ컯ȭ
Ҷ̤Ӷʮѣʮں£Ϊ̫һ̫ⶼҪʥؼ̫һں˵áߺһ
بΨУԣҶȲʵӵ̫һҶȳɱΪһǿߡ
żʶϹ㲩ڵʶ̫࣬ӵ֮Уħ䣬ǿ󣬶еҶȿľṩ컯ȭһжؼ⡣
ڣҶѾ컯ȭһʽڶʽڻͨʽҲҶһͻƶ
ˣҶȽҪ׼ǿǺεƻãҲٴγ֣
ҶͻȻһ֣һڽ³ǣѧӶ֪ҶҪҶȡ
ӭ´ʤ飡
ѧӣĿҶȳƼȥһƵأ˫һԾʧˡ

Ͻ½ƻСκ޳λλѧӣڿ뻶ӭҶȴչɱɱֱӴʯ
ҶȣеɱҵõġŴ󡯣ͻȻһƣϽգȻշڶ
ţڽ޴ͶӰֳ֮գȻɷ
ʲôһȺͷڹ꣬кξ壡
ҶȺ޼ɵֱӷգڽڨڨһЦͶӰ֮УҶҲɱУʧԺλѧǰ
һƬɵĴҴ󣬿Ļû£ֻ޹ϵɷҶȱ˫֣ЦŴ󣬲һϵɼ󷨣
Ҷȣ㵨̫˰ɣҳɱŴ֮С
Ңƿաɲڽ汾һƬ֮УֳҶƺ֮ңŷʮ֮䡣
˵ӵһֶΣ࿴Ҳ޷һ³ɣǣҳ
ΧɷӿŵĴҶȾȻƵһֱָӶ´﷨ּǿס
ԲѣҶȣҲ֪γΪ£֪ɲɱ¾֮
ɲֱһȭȻ˫ִһӡ֮Уʱӿһɱ¾ߴɵĿܣȻ趯Ҷɱƶ
ţķ֮УʼòȱһƬƬռ䣬Ȼ飬ʲô󣬾Ȼ˿ֲԶĴݻٿռ䣬ռȫŴ塣
ǲ󷨣׿¶ҪŴ֮УҶ̧ͷѾһûκγ·Ϊض顣
Ҷȣˣ֮УһС
ǰɣƣ
ҶͻȻһƶĳռᣡ
һΰƿֱӴķ֮УţһɵʼĴռ俪ʼһһɣΪһֻдɵĴ֮С
գͻأ˲俪ʼϣҴҲɵһƬռѹ
ɣ
ҶͻȻָ֣ץȥͻȻֲӿռ䱬ɱ¾֮ҶȹǣδԶͱָץס֮С
ûУҶЦƵ
ӰͻȻ˸ص֮У벻ʲôֵ׼°ɣ


417 ս
ǲǹ
ģһ֣ͰŴڲ󷨸ƿأʵֲ˵زԽˣ
ɲɱڣţҢƿաڽҲһֳ󷨾ǵһ㣬ƿأռǺ֮佻ݺᡣ
Ժ£һҪ֮Уòɱ˴ˣɲĹɱ棬ͷ񹦣ǿһնɱҾͲţ֣֮
Ңƿհ˾ۼʼٴβ󷨡
Ŵ治Ҫǰҿͱ֮Уϧ񹦴ɣң
ֻŤ󷨰ΧҶȣж磬ͷųڲŴһɣͳΪҶƿһ֡
׸ıռԴҶȸʵκλ˵ͬ裬̫һκħڤԣκҶǰó
ҶȻһץһ˿꽣γ飬Ƽһ˲ɱȥ˻ʲôֶΣͳͳʹɣ
ûأѣ
Ȼ֮䣬ȭӰ콵һƺݱϷӡȻһڶ˫ȭ֮еͬҶȸ
ףҲ׽ɣǰ˿꣡
󣬻֮䣬ͶǺڶָһԺһȻ޷óٵζֶͬΡ
˿ͬ糯ڶϯȥ
ͻͻͻ
˿꽣ȻûΪ籩ֱӳڶ֮Ծȥʱ֮ѡ
ɱ¾ʽһʽҹǲƣ
ҶȺ󷽣ͻȻ˸һаӰͷſֲɱƺһصҶȣͻأһֲͬƣ֮аһѪĹǵԵ
֮һɲɣȻʵһɱ¾֮ǣǰϹɲҲó
ţϹţϵʱʱǿһΪɲɱ¾ǧ磬Ϊǿ
ʥǹְɣ
һòʥǹУҶȺǼȫʼѪڣûʹսһʥǹȫ̫һ̫ĳ̶ȣҪǿ
ɲɣ
ŷµĹǵռ䡢󷨶飬оŶҪ٣κοռ䣬ڲͬƬ顣
ǿߣһһʽѾﵽ˺ѿռ䡢ĵزɲһɱ¾֮
Ҷѹ£Ȼȥңǲƾǳǹ̴ֻһƷͻأµĹǵƾȻͣ

ȱ˳ȥҶĦƣʥǹٿȻƲƣֵǵڼӲƵġ
ɶΪ˰ԵǿӲ޼᲻ݡɲȻ͵˺ŵһһɳĹаǵҲ΢΢ڲ
ֻǵһУɲѾӦԷɲ⣬ֲϹŶҪ񼸷֣治֪һ޵һ
䡭
ž·籩ҶѾɲһʽƽ⣬κڹʥǹ֮´ݻ١
ߣҾͲţһСӣᳬԽɱ¾ʽһʽҹǲƣ
ڶʽ٣
ʽɱŭ
ʽɱ
ʽ˹Ǻһ
ʽ˷ʮ
ʽɱ֮ŭ
ɲȻҶϷ˫ۻͫɱ¾֮ȫ͸ײеҶһۣȻǿɱ¾ʽߵһ
ɱ¾ʽɲ֮£һƫƧĻϹż֮õһײ˼ÿһжɱ¾ʽһǾɱ٣κʣҪ١
ɲ׸֣ɱ¾ʽֲֿ֪ǿͬʱǺ𺳵ĳ档
һΰĹɲֲͨµղ֮߳ŭŴڲͻȻ죬ҶһĢƵɱ¾
͡
Ÿߴɹһɱ¾ŴʼʼĦֱɱ޾ŭ󷨣ѿռ飬Ҷϯ
ҶվգܸѹȣżԹĻɱ¾ҶһͷԼȴϣֵܵסҶȴЦ˼ɱ¾ʽҲҪ
ٿ
ֱһʥǹ˳սʥǹҶͻȻһ˲仮񷡣
¡
ʥǹɱ¾ײʱγޱ𺳵ĳ棬ҶŹʥǹڰеһǹ⣬ڰײѹûǰҲûкˣɱ¾ذ㲻ϳҶȣʱᱻɵһ
ôȫһɱ¾ʽ׶ȫһս
ߴͷȫһɲֲǣڸӿҶΪ󺣣ǳ㲩һԾ޷սʤͷ
ɲףһ֮ǵأ
ȻһߴӰԦһƬƶڽֳȻѺ븹У˫ֳ·͵ذ¡
ʱ֮䣬һڶγɵĴһγҶȽ١
ãڽ棬֣϶ܰѹ
ɲڽ֣˲аգ֮ͫУȻη壬һëս
ͬʱ֣ǲһڱǰǻ̫ССڱУǾ϶ѣ
ϷȫΪڶһһ㣬ǵأĺڶ⧲ȻҶһ޷֮С
ҶȵһЦͻȻӹʥǹ֮ƿʥǹȻɲƵĹɱ¾֡
Ǻڵһָգ֮䣬ĽɫŤ̬ϵڶ֮С
ɶ񡭡Сʵڹ죬Ȼܰѹȥɶ񰡡
ڽּǽɫйƵģһν֣ͱҶý˿ƽ⣬ˣǱڣ׵һָɫͺХڶ֮вϵƻ
ɫӿڶ֮У㿪ʼںڶڲնһϵƻɣڶܿҪݻ١
ٿ
ͻȻĽҶ̳ٶ֮죬Ҷȸ޷ӦȻɣӨ磬ְԵؼΣƿռ䣬Ѿﵽܸߵĳ̶ȡ
ͺʡռڵһУǿԻûΪһһһһκԳΪ
úã˶ˣ
׵ĿռںŴ󣬿ʱ˺Ͷڽ֮гأǿߣҲ㲻
ҶȣԺ£˹£Ҳ
ҢƿͻȻڽ󷽣ȫմ󣬴ȫںϣҢƿѾ뽣״󣬾أƶҶȵն¡
Ңƿաɲڽ棬޷죬ȷʵһ֣˵ֶΣԺԿ
ҶͻȻʧڽǰˣն£ƻƣʥǹҲնϡ
ҢƿҪԼҩɹݺնҶϣɲڽ֮£ͬʱѹȣҶȾȻ֮£ĪʧˣǿƵĴ֮УȻȥ磡
úãҲһ֣ɱʵڿϧǾͶҳɣڣ֪ʲô
һǳһ֣ŵ̰ȥ̴ַӡһƵĴʼҶȹΪһɱ¾ޣɲƣǽ
ơ
ҶͻȻһ̤ʱǧƳ˷ûˮֱȥ
¡¡
ҢƿƿصŴȻҶôŭһͳͳ֮бɣҢƿաɲڽҲ̲סͬʱ˼


418 ¼
ˣӦúҵʵ
ŴΧ£֮Ҷת˫֣һ֣һлʧǰҢƿաɲڽŷֻʮԺѹ£ӲдƷԺϧԺôãҲһͷϻ
Ңƿ˻غϣڽߣ£ԺȻҪԺݣȻ̯ƣûʲôɻ䣡
ҶȵˣҪԸԺûʵ뵨ҲµĲǱ׽֧ǰɣ
ûκιϵԺݣûκأɲҲ̬ȣɱ¾֮֮
ҢƿպȻһӣ̬ȼҶ£鶼һ˵Щ壿ѵȰٴζԺܣ
̩λƻңܿԺλҪõսңҲҪһưԣͷβ
ʵǰκأҲǺôģˣӦ׽Ұɣʵڲ֮ǰҵ׽̸֣ԱԺԪԳֽһ
һ˵ҶȺȻЦ׽̣һͷҰޣֻбõķݣ
ͬʱ˻ܵ£ҶΪ˽һۣҢƿշʵô֪
˵ͷһ죬ʵߣ׽ʹңҲٺôҲվԺȻ
ʲôҲ֪ģЦǣҾȻ£ңͶƣԺ£֪׽̻ϵҲõǰ֧֣ʲôΪ׽̻ǶԿԺ
̫򵥣׽ֻǣ׽ڰ׼ԺԸԺǣֻڻң̫ң׽ǰӣڻңԺһȺū
ҶҡҡͷЩͬ
λǧ˵䣬֮Ĺϵ֣̳ǣնɱˣ
ȻҢƿһֳһ޵ӰڴûʵȻ档
ڽϲ̹ȭ̳ãˣһɱ
ԣѲɲҲĺܣղżòסҶȣͷ۶û취
棬û뵽㣬˳ΪڻңԸңǺǣΪаնԸң
Ҷȵ⣬ûϵԭƲԩҲͷ
ɱڣĿ⼤ȥҶȣϴΪԺԪϴڣûнնɱڣӲȥ޵
ҿˣӦɣλѵֻһͶӰѣͶӰ٣ԸңһʼΪڻңԼȴ֮Ȼ֮䣬ҶһɹƾȻڵĿռƷӰҲʧ
ȻͶӰҢƿտһĻˡ
λǶԸ㣬ҶȣŰɣԺȥ´ټ棬ǽԹ֮ʱ
ͶӰڴ֮пʼûһЦ֮ʧڴ֮У֪ʧںη
ҶȲмЦǱ뿪׽̲άǣң׽̴ӿʼûдǣӰˣڸǻᣬҳǶԺ
ǿɲһƷȥʵ
Ңƿŭû뵽ᱻãǸɵӣʲô֪飬ʹ
ˣһȺ߹ѣ׽̲ҲӬӪϲ̨棬ȻǲҾǿʲôʵ
򣡣
Ҷ˫һչʱ֮䣬ʥ̫ŵϢʼ־ڹǳϢ˳
ãйթҿ˳ȥ
ʥҶķ죬ȻŴҲɣû󷨣ֻѾ֮ϡ
ɢȡõŴǿ˺Ʒ˸о˼飬ʼԦûɢȥʼߣưȫǵ˱Ķ
ͻͻͻ
֮ƺɨʱ䣬пռ䶼ٻûޣʵʥľգ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾŴȡ
֣һؼ̵ľǰŴ󣬶һ濴͸Ƶľڣ˴ľǺε򣬺εŴǰȻһ˿ֿûУô
޴ӣӡɣ
һƮʹȻһǿذ˾η޷˺ƾڣӾ֮Уͷż᲻ɴݵӡ֮С
Ͻ½ǧʿǸҷԺգҪͷǣڱһ֮£
ʱ˿̣ǻûĴ֮УϽգ·ۼ˼ǧҶȴ֮߳´﷨ּ
ûҶսʤͷ
ھϽ½ԶգƻСκ޳λλѧӣԭصȴ죬ŤĿռ䣬֪սΣǣȻŤռ佥ʧһ
ƻתλѧ´֪ͨȥʼ˸ң
ಡ
һλѧľսû뵽ҶȾȻһ˰˸λѧĿУš
䡭
ʱǶھ𶯣һضϽ½ٵķˣʼʿĿϽ֮ǲ𾴣ǳŷ
ţϽ½ʼӿֱоϽ½׳䣬һɾǿԶ
֣ûУҶʵ֪ĻҪǿĶ࣬ɱˣ㣬׾٣
ΣҶѾ˳ƽһңڸ֮Уţκ޳ԶԶϽ½ưܣм쳣
κѡȷģƻʵΪκ޳ڣֺһ£Ժһ
Ѿ߽⣬ҪعԺ飬ȥ㶨
ҶȲɿܵմûƻСκ޳ɫȴ֪ҶѾ뿪˳ǡ
οҪ£Ժ϶ǰԺ߲Ѿ֪񣬲֪Щ֪󣬻ǺַӦ
֮УҶȼٳȥѾִ֪Ѿɣع֮󣬲֪Ҫư͡
ţĪȻôͻȻң
֮ʱȻһһԺݶϢƬ̾͵֪ĪȻԪϢ
Ժ򣬾Ȼ׽ֱӹˣԺ£Ҳ׽̸ϣͷȻԺ
֪һһҶû뵽ĪȻݶϢ𾪣׽̾ȻԺʽ֣ʲô׽ҪȻʼԺԣսҪˡ
黹ûдݳȥĪȻΪ׽̼ϸһʱϢҵסҪ̫ż¶ݣ
Ϣڻû̩λ洫ĪȻΪ׽̽ӣһʱõϢݶִ¼²Ƭ̾ͻ̩λȻ󲨡˽֪ʱ̩λ¾ˡ
ʱˣΪλȥǰִ¼»ȥ֮󣬾ζԸ׽̣
ҶҡҡͷЩźƻʼոϲϱ仯з׽ѡʱȴԺ֡бΣԺʧȥһݳݡԺγ㶦׽̿ǳûˮݡԺǰõһݳ񣬰Ժ״ޱԨ
ΪһݳݡԺԲʱ֮ʣ᳽񣬹ʵ˭õĳԽ࣬ӵе̩λ˾Խǿʢ
ҲңҾȥҲõԺϢҲ˵ԺڲϾҪж
ãҶյᴫϢ̼ӿٶȣʩչǧͼƮǷɳۼ١
ƮǣҶȵ֮ͷϢ봫ͨ˲䣬Ժ߲֪ҶȻعˡ
ʥأµ
Ҷ£죬ɵúܺã߲㶼㣬Ԫ϶ӳޣ֪Щ⣡
ͨոսٵʹй֮һԱߣʱҶҲֳ
һػůҶֱʵ⣺һд·ɣ
ոմõϢ׽ѾʼԺչλ䣬Ժ֮ӣٻ̩λǱ޵ѧӣǿϹŶع飡
ԺȻʹʧλ£ʧȥ򣬵ûһ㶯ҡԺвϹŶʿһع飬ԺʵԺڿҲõϢþҪٿ´ᣬԪϴȵȡ渵
ҶĪĵϢ͵֪ˣ쵱͵һ鳽Ϣ˳ȥԺƽƣ׽ûõڶݳˣǵóԸԺҪԺҲѲˣ
ԾһȻֵû뵽ֶΣ֪Щ㲢֪һϢɽһ֮䣬ķʮ£
ɽҲս
էȻһҶǱթˣʵڳϣΪ̩û͸¶кαʲɣ
ƴ䣬²֮󣬸ֱң˵̩λ潫ӭսʱеĸֻᱻƣµĸ֣ᵮʱ˿̣ﻹǶҶԤϵ졣
ˣ
Ȼһϵ𣬽ţƮǶڻص
żλѧӻع飬״̬߲ҲˣִɣɽҪл飡
˵ͷźϴһ˾ʧ


419 »
ʥأִ
ʱ˿ִϿճһϵУһλλ±𲻶Ͻ٣ˮſ̫塢Ǭȵ￪ʼֳ
һ̻Ի͡ǹĵҲ֮µλӵԺֻλ߲ѧӣֻ¡Ԫϲʸӵв֮Ƕ䱦ʯ˸
֮䣬»ڲϵػع飬ִȨߵĵҲһһʼ
ִƿԺɷҲԼΪȻҪҲִ֣¼žл飬ȶҪ¡
ʱƳһ¶ȥִһλӭҶ£ʱ򣬼¶ˣ
λ£
ҶԦһӪɢ޷ҡƣҶҲ󷽵ĺܣʩ
ǬӢֱˬϲҶ£˴Բ񣬻Ԫɱ׽һλ̳֣Ծֶѹһ
Ҷ¹ȻУΪ¼һϵĻˣ̫徹ȻҲ˵һ仰
ⷬҶȶЩζ֪滰ǰĸƤ֪֪治֪ģ̫š
̫ͬɫ¼ŵλܸߣӵвӵԺ
ںЩˣЩȨ£ӬӪС֮໥Ҷȡ
λǰã׽ԺԣѾռ׽̽ڽʤδ̩λԽԽӣ
ֳִλмλǵһһλ£ʵĪ⣬ȴΪҪ
ִҲ࣬ô꣬¼ִһֱǿһֱڰӼžƱ仯Ժ᲻ϵð
һɨλİȻһ˿䶼ûУΪһλȻﵽԪϱ׼ףΪҪ߳һء
ͬʱҶȻ֣Ȼִӵǿߣ¼ȴ˿ɵִȻǿˡ
¼ʵҲδֳ
Ҷƽϣʮλ£һͿҶɻ飬ʼ͵Ժвٵ£ִԪΪԺӪһֱٵһ¡ִԪ϶ԶȥңԶֱ뿪̩λ棡
һ¡ԪΪﵽ߽ס˽׵Ŀֲزͬ侫ΪЩϹŶԺȥǱ޲ɵѾκ飬һԺκΣЩϹŶͻ֣
ԭˣԺʵδֳҪϹŶۼ׽ҲöԸ
һҶȴǳ֮ԺȻܶʱ䣬ȴΪ£Ժ󲿷ֶ˽ǣղ˵ܣȴûţĲΣ޷֪Ժơ
ݿɿϢ׽Ŀܼ򵥣ҪԺȡһݳȻñԺԼԺӵеķݳ񣬰㣬׽ҪۼгȻҪλ棡
λ飬Ϊǵͽˣ֮޷ȵȷкܴ
Ѿõȷʵ׽̵ȷǴɽ罵ٵ̳ȷҲһλˣ׽λ棬򵥰취Ƕȡг񣬷̩λ֮Ǻʱһͳλ棡
һλ֮ϵĵİ˵
ⷬ³Ĭ̫ȻڣĻ׽ڱصãôԺҲܰãһʧȥԺ³ǵ죬׽
£˼ĪҪԺԿ׽̣һλִʵ
ˮɭɭɨλ£ŷͳһȻֱӿִΪҪԺǣΪһ׽Ժв
һλλ£ǵʲô˼Ժ׽̾ͻõ㶦棡
Ǻǣ˼ʵף
ʱǬͻȻЦ£ž˫ۣǼɲԺֲ׽̵õֻһ취׽Ժܾˣʱִжȡһһ׽̣ԺӴήҲ𣡡
Ǭ˵ĺܶԣ˼ܼ򵥣ͽ׽֣֮ԸԺͬʱԺĥ׽ʵ߻һˣ
һֱز¶ſ£һȻЩ취ϲߣ
һλƣλ뵽ǹԺҲ붼һ㣬ʱαԺ֮Ħ
ίߣֱ˺Ƥ硭ûԸԺ׽̣Ҳ˳ԹԺͻȻ֣
ͻȻλƽˮ£Ȼһ޷š̹ǵĻ
¡ִˮ仰ﲻѣԲԺν
̫Ȼֽкãˮ֣ټͳһ
ˮҲɻִЦŷ˵ĳЩִɶϷȻƽʱ֮΢ʣ֮ϣǻҪ£һ𣡡
¼ԭ˼
ִλߵʱĬˣܿ쿪ʼдλҲʼš
ᣬҲЩ´ǰҲ̫ͨͨ塢ſˮЩ¿й棡
ҵһ£ҲûʲôҲûǵһ£ЩΪƸǽһȣˣ׽̿ɲɵӣԺҲöԸԺҲδܵش̫ȫҲ仯죡
ǲ̸ֽҵЩ࿴һ壬·Уթ䣡
УҶῴ΢ʮλӪ֮УѾ
ҶЩ¡ȴһˣһԭҲĺĻϲ⣬òȻ
һҽӪ֮УȴûԸ⣬Ҳܾ룬̫塢ǬˮſЩ£һΪɽ˲ſԽԼ
һĮȻԺɷɭϣɱ˲Ѫĵ£Щ£ĸʡ͵ĵƣԺ£ҪСģܻڸ壬
˽ӬӪԺԪҲ֪ȻҲһ¶ЩɷЩС֮ҪһʰھͷϰɣҿʲôҰҶںʼɫȴ
£ȺؼţЩ¶ǿŲɵִִλҲڽȶ
´ţʮȥƺûһüĿ
ʱʼ֣λ°һ˵ոյϢɽû٣Ȼʼ£򣬻ţɽλѾٴʱգҪ򣡡
ɽ¥һλ̾һ
ɽλԺһֱҪ̫ƫƧԪӢһֱûѹû뵽ȴΪȻɽλϣ
ɽλ̩λƸӻңΣķɽλڹϵ伮֮вټأȻôֻ̩꣬Ǹʱиȥµļ¼˵ɽλ治̩λܿģ
һλɫص˵
Ӫ֮УһλһֱĬȻ˵ɽλʮͳ˧һΪǶɴԲ޵ţɽλ滹ڲٳɵɣɽҲû취һֱǱڷ磬һɽѹͷϴ
Ҳ˵ִţʮͳ˧ǿߣ̩λΣˣҿҲǻüëüޣҪƻɽ̩λͨͨͨɽһλͳ˧½磬Ժɨ̩λ棡
ɽλͻ׽һǺˮҰޣҳͨںδҪƻֹͨɽ٣£ܹ⿿Ժ֪Ժ
ǰкأлмɽλ½ͨܺܿʹͨҪͬʱԺֿʼɽȰɽȥ󻼣ٶԸ׽̣
һλλ¿ʼԼ
ִһλҲͷλ˵ĲڶԺ˵׽̲ȼü֮ԺͬɽԺ֣ͬҲԲ
ȶԸɽ
λ˴ͷͬĿ⣬һ˵ʱҪԪţ֪ͨԺ˵
ʮ»飬ûж۵£ˣ¡ִҲ뿪


420 󻤷
»֮Ҷǻص̸һ󣬾˲뿪Ժһʱϻ̫
ʱ䣬ҶȾʹﵽ̫
Ȼѹ̫ˣ
Ȳϻ̫ΪϢѾָʶڷ£һͻͨ쾳ء
嵱ţֻΪСС½ɾѾһͷڣõ֮ҶȾѪǿӵгԽ˵϶֮ǵںһţȻᱬǿ
һ·ߵ죬ӵЦµΪҶֲϵǺ嵱ðҶ䣬ðմŵõһ壬ҶҲõָӶ񼣡
ҶӰ첻£һǺҶȸ޷ߵһ
ƾǳƣ£̫󣬴̫ʿðգϵӼʶǿʿֻвðղܽ
Ư̫֮⣬һ֣ͰһƬλ籩ߣŻһץɹ⻪ͷų

ӹ⻪֮߳ǿߣǱҶȽҢƿաɲڽˣһΧХݺᡢǼʳλ籩׵ǿߣһŵû¡
λ籩ˣҲᱻ顣
ңָӿ־ǣǾȻƯ֮⣬ƮޡǿգǲŵĳΪ޷ǿ֮гʱƯ
ҶȵЦҵΪ̫ǰӦ֪ǵʥ򣡡
ڽ治˼鿴λ籩Χ򣬵սľ̾ʥ򣿡
ɲǰһţȷʥãã֮Уλ籩򶼻ڷ籩֮УƬ򶼱λ籩ΧȴֻʥȻλ籩תˣҿԿ϶ʥ򣡡
Ϊɲߣɲ̩λպգƬδﵽʥ˵Ϥ
ڣɲ޵𺳣ʥ򱻿ֲλ籩֣ȥѰǿߣҽ룬˽ȥȴûʥ̩λʿе֮ء
ûǾء
ɲ˭ӵʵȻλ籩ߣңĴ֮ͨܿͨУʿڴ֮ͣأȴΪһʥء
ⱻ֪϶̩λǧһ漣
ѵɲͻȻһ˼ĽǾǣʥı̫ˣǰףĪҶȡ
ΪԺ£һ˻ľ򣬳ΪԼǺεȵֶκؽ
̩λҾ濪ʼҲſԺ̫ڲõĽŻȡԺ
ܻڣҵģغɣǱѡֻҪشңҪҪ
һҶȺȻ濴ˣ⣬·˲Ҫɱˡ
ǡ
Ңƿաɲڽһʱ䣬ȫëսǳвһԺҲõ
ڣһ취ûУκΰ취޼£Ҷȵͨǣľѡ
ǲҶȶֱ֣׿˾ͻᱻλ籩ɱΪ޷ٷ֮жλ籩ֻ·һ
Ժ׽̣Ƕֻ˰ڲӶѣȻˣǾͳ㣡
˳˼ãλ籩ƺͿţʲôûУ˻ţϣ
ãǵԪѾܣҲܵҵĽ
˲Ϣ֮䣬֮УɳɴǿҶһͰӡһ֣Ҵȥ̫ǣ
Ңƿաɲڽʱ˼һĻǧңԶͻȻһգۣǾȻǿռٺɣȻһ֮С
̫ǣع֮С
ҶԶҶҶվǰҶҶ𡢾ȵ˻ڱչʸɵһʱ˲ƶ
Ҷһۣʮգȡ彡˶¶һɵսŤ̾ȶнĳɾ͡ڣˣΰɾͣЩ飬Ҳ԰Ϣ
棬ȶ㣬ҲҶҵˣ鰡ҶԶվҶߡ
ҶǧǰĹŶؼҶ棬ҶԶҶЩϳҲһҶس֣Ҷ𾪵ظһλ棬Ȼˡ
ʸЩҲҶΪǴӷҶԻ֮УóҶȶҶҲޱ𾴡
壡
ͻȻĵӰӵعƶδ˿һǳ۵ӰͻȻҶǰһҶȡ
ͨ뺮棬٣޷ļۿ΢΢ʪ
Ҷ֣Ҷ˫磬ݺ᣺ǺǣСӣȻûйϣŶðʮɣʹɾ޵õɡ̤ɣ޵Ҷ汲δõɣڣȻѾͨ쾳˼ľ硭е㲻Լ۾
ǰǺ嵱ҡȶҲн죬̫ˣҶ˱κʱڶҪǿʢ̩λƴңҶҷչûᣡ
ҶҲоǰһж̫ʵź壬ڳƳɳӿ򹦵Լں̫Ƿչʱ
ȶλǿߣ
ҶԶͻȻĿҶͬʱٵǿϣоǰˣκһˣԻ̫ҵ۹
ˣҲ׷׿ҢƿաɲڽˣĿ־壬Ҷһ֣˾͹ҽܡ
ܻãһܣǶϸ֣һ˳ִ˵еǾһӶڣΪҶȣȴʵ
ף֮
˾̫󻤷ԺḨҲϽȥʥúù滮һ㣡
ҶȵȻһ˲ͳ̫ҵ۹ʹʥ֮Уҵ۹Ҳٻ˹
̫ҵ۹ȫҪԱ飬ڻʹ֮¡ؾУҶֻ飬ܶﻹǵһμҶȣҶȣ˶ߡ
һ죬̫ҵ۹ٴ£Ҫһ㣬ǿʼ׼սɻʸս󷨣ҢƿաɲڽҲĿʼΪ̫ҵ۹ЧǼֱһ֮֮ϣҶȡҶԶҶ֮⣬˼Ծκ顣
˻ɵַ󷨵ȵȣ˼һ̣֪̫֮УҪǿ̫࣬͵һˣ޵߽ΪͿԳưһ
ңǶɵȻ̫ⶼԵõҲû뵽죬ʵʵö˭̫ǿ
󻤷̫֮ȨӼУ̫ҵ۹󲿷ֶҶԾֶձģ˶ٴ˼ڣҢƿաɲڽΪһɱô򣬴ӲɵֻҪΥ̫ҵ۹ɷˣ˭˶ͽ䡣
󻤷ֱħġ
˿̣һƬǿ֮УҶ˲һʯ֮ϣʮ̩ͶӰ
Ҷ֣ôżٻк£̩֮չֳĪЦݡ
ҶǱϢǳһӣںϣԺ׼ֹԺƽɽΪٻ㣡
Ŷ
̩̳ɻ㵣ԺȻȶԸ׽̣ҪԸɽ򣿡
Ժõɽķ֮󣬾ͰɽвҲ֪ɽλ̫߼ǿһһݿ̩֮λֻлԺǱѾ֪ɽڱ׽̸ӿ£
ԭҪϢ㣬ǰɱˣҸ׷ɱˣԵˣɽֻǽڲʳ̶ѣɽͨҪͨ²Ǵ£
̩ЩҶȣҲȫ̳
ԺҪɽһսȻû£ȻԺԺһţ±򣡡
Ҷ׼뿪
ã̩ҲԣͶӰΪǳ֮⣬ʧ
ˡ
Ҷûϵô͵֪ʤ䣬ֱɱɽʵѾﵽһǳ߶ȡ


421 һֻ
ɽԪڲһϡ׳۵ͨһδʩչǿӡϵؼӳ֡
٣
֮߳һȺˣͷ̩ӣǷħʮλɸ֣ÿһ𣬶һľǿߡ
̩ǰЩҴ˵ֹܽСģ̩Ӳһɵ
һۡ߸żλŮӣɾ֣ټ̩Ӹ飬ֻӭ̩֣ﱾҵɱûУ
ʱûκϢ̩λ治ħָЩ£ٶһħȴԴɱûκϢ
̩ͬ뾰ʤкȴЦ˱ϵֵܣȴò룬̩ﰵЦһɱ֣ʤ㣬ھ͵ˣڣȴҪ֤ȫ
Ϣ뱾ΧҲɰ˽ϸ֣̩λ棬ָҲָ̩֣㿴ͨҪɣҸһ٣Ϳֱ֮ܰԺ𣡡
׽̾Ȼѱٷߣ㿴Űɣ籾Ҫ׽̲ˣ׽ҪԸԺ̩֣ǳû׽һ֣ǧҲ֪ٵ㲻˵𣡡
ʤݺݵ˵ŷ׽̣֮ǣ˫ȴӵλŮ˫ֻʱջѣǵŮɧˡ
̩ȴ٣ڿܲǶԸ׽̵ʱҸոյõϢԺͬԺϾͻԸ㣬ҾãȰѹضɹ˵
ʲôԺȥԸ׽̣ȻԸң
ʤһզ׽ȥԺעû뵽ԺȴҪԸУԺʵȽĿǰǶֻ֣У֪ͨ½磡
̩ӼʤʼżʼĶԶԣؼǵõԺеĳҪ̩λ棬Ȼˮɣ
¡
ͻȻԪǾһζ뾫ʹ󣬿ʼֲƣŷڶԴͨƻ
˶ʧȥƽ⣬̩̿գ˫ͫâֱ˺󷨣ֱ񷣬ֻԪǣȻһϵķ֣ڶԪǾϵǶĴͨй
ֳʽɫһǳƽȵƯԪϿգ޴ޱȡ
ħǷ֣ʱɫ䣺ˣãǹԺԺΪӾ֡޴һһƷ
ԭǷӾ֣
̩ӷŷҲţ̿ʤ˿ߣۼһ죬еˣеƹ֣Щɽǿ̩ӵ٣û뵽ԺôͶ֣
ɶ찡Ӿ֣ñٿͨѹ
ʤȻ¶м飬ֱӷɳʮɸߣ֮䣬һ磬һϽɫѸ䴩ԪǾϵһ²סӾ֡
⡢⡭
ħȵǿߣ˲˼ͨˣʲôֶΣ£Ҳˣǿߡ
壬ʤʵѾɰ˽Žףʿȷ츳ͨΪɾŽ׵죬ҲӵгԽɣɵʵ
һĻ̩˿ûжݣֻ΢΢ѣΪˣʲôûͨǰֻСҼҰˡ
Ӿ֣ھǱүķˣɣ
ʤȫΪɫͷ;Ȼûı࣬˲ɫסӾ֣Ȼ˫һϣŴ쿪ʼշӾ֡
ⳡһλˣժȡ£ء
žֻأ
ڷӾ˲䣬ӷӾΧһԺǿͶӰǷӾʼֻأһɶĹ⻷һľʤĲһ£ɫҲϡ
ү²ãԺѧӣ򣡡
ʱһ֣æս
ԺȻҲˡ
ʤֱӣõӾ֣ʼԪǾϵݺݵĵɶΪٺöԸ𣬺ߣţſɱ¾ɣ˭ֻҪ࣬ɱɱ
ɱɱɱһ֣ʼɱ˳ȥ٣ҪԺԺȫѹ
̩ӿһĻŷ𿴵ȥѣ٣ӾֿѾԺƺܶ꣬ںϣҲһǶԿ취
ߣ½磬ѵû׼𣿡
ȻԺԺҳ֣ҾҪ֪֪ɽλ
ʤʱ˿̷ŷɥĲֳ屾ԣѪȣɱ¾˫ͫͻȻóһ˵ķʮָץһӡڷ֮С
ˣ
ʼȻһһƿţһΰ޵ϽͶӰգΰʤ
ݼռе֣־塢سϽɫӰ¹򣬸Ҳ塣
ʤְǷӾˣ
Ӿ֣
ϽɫΰӰǷӾ֣ͻȻЦʤһͶӰѣͰڣСС̩λ棬ɽʵ
ڣû뵽ΪȻȼɣҪ֣Ժǿˣ
̩ӼɫӰͰԼӡ¶ԷӦʵ
ħϽɫͶӰɵޱȣҪѷӾִعԺ⡭ʵ¹ԺԴҪܵش
ڣھͰѵͶڵֱӸԭⲻͻظԷ
䡭
ϽͶӰ족뺷سˣֱһֻ֣ԪκαԴֱץ񷣬ռ飬Ŀռ籩ȻʼԪǣ˲䣬ԪǺҪӭ
ˣǿû뵽ɽʵ˾ˣλȫԸƻӾ֣һҪͨ
ӾƯǿΧǿͶӰǿߣһֻϽɫԪڲռ䣬ֱץǿգ𺳹Ժ߲㣬ԺԺϸ֣ҲһĻ
ͬʱ䣬̩λɸ֣ܸܵɽһ˺Ѳڱ
¡
ϽץסӾֲ֣ײѼǿͶӰ˲ɱţʽˣŷӾֳѸһƣӾ־ǳһҶСۣԺȥ
ãȳˣˣ
Ժλ´֣һԺλѧӣһλ֣ͳͳϽְѷӾߵ𺳳һ£̻֣ˡ
ʼֻŵϴͨ
䡭
ʮңԶĹ룬ͱһɫĢƣ˲ƬһǼ籩ʼ˷
øֶΣȻѹԺԴ򾧱ϵȫˣֶΣҲɾŽף
ܵλƾ䣬ҶһʩչǧͼסڹԺϷŴ۶ĿĴըڹԺ򱬷
Ǽ籩˴òϺƣҪǴǧͼţ˿ܾͱǼʷ籩룬籩ɱ
ɽȻָ֣ԪӢûʵһǴɽϸ֣
ῴһĻĽԱ𺳣Ҳ֣֮£Ҳʲô
ҶڨڨЦԺʧأҵ⣬ʮȥԺ߲Ժ¶ɽƻ˳䲻⣬νڱصã֪ɽָ֣Ժòʧôܶ飡
εҡҡͷ겻ѣɽǿ˹׽̡ã̩λ־ͻı䣬ԺλҲ᧿Σ
ɽ϶̩λƻֻһֱûбֻʱǰѣԺҪ񣡡
ǺεȷȻϢԺκ󷨡˺飬һǳ֮д󣡡
ȻĿҶϣղŴը𺳣ȴûҶȴ𺳾ңҶӵֶΣǲ˼飬»˭Ĳ
ڣ֪ԼǾ֮ܣҶȻأȥٸʵס
ǺǣԺ֪ģ㿴ԺѾңԺڳˣ̩λԽԽƿأ
ҶһЦǼʷ籩֮вĹԺ
ӾȷˣƬ򣬼λиֶΰ𺳣رһֻϽ֡


422 
ӾǹԺ֮һֱ˷֪նɱپǿߣȴһֱָ˻ȥȻֻһͶӰҲԴݻһСʹ½
˭Ҳ뵽ɽǿԺش
ǻȥЩѧӣΪ£ȻԺѧѣҪȻɽ
һȥԺѧͨһͨɽߣλѧµȸ֣ûӰֻʣ²λѧλѧڵ󣬸ڻѧӳ롣
ں󷽣ʿڷƵһ·׷ɱʮڱɱ¾ɽʿҲսܵǣʿֻҪʿʹɱ֣˾ɱһ
ãҲʼԺ߲㿴Ϊ£򣡡
ҶȵͷһһƮ˲˾ǳڶ֮С
ɱһҲܵƻ޻أ
ɽԵһ֮УʮʿвκԺѧӣƴ󣬴һδβͣشͣʿȷ̫࣬϶˶ȫ뿪
ɱ
һΪеţеͻеʨеǶߣЫûʿǴͰλѧնɱοЩλλѧֵܵ
һʿȳ˿еı£еı˺ãѪȣһɱ¾
µɣ
ͻȻ޵ͶӰȻڴϷݡ
ǡǡΰ£
Ժѧӣ˲͸ܵԺԴʥΰׯϣۺԵԺѧֹͣܣʼʿ뿪ɽ
Ķ֣
һΰƯգֱӶɱ׷ʿһɨʱ֮䣬ʮʿͿһֻ޴ƣֱӺɨڵա
žž䣡
޵еĴֱ֣ɨƬգһͷͷﱻ˲ըһ־ͰץһȱڣǧﾹȻͱôһиŵúЩֲҼ׷ɱ
𣡡
ﲻ׷ɱǿ߲֣˻󷽣Ͽһָ
߳߳
һ׾Ȼճֳһ˲ӿһƻײͣس䣬ʿֹⷽͣ˺ΪǸܵľ
ţʮͬʱߴͶӰֻǼжѣɱ弸ʿʿȫɽͬʱͨɽеĴͨһһӡɽ򳹵׳Ϊһء
ããԿҶ¡²űѧӴòɽ
ƮǾϵ֮Уִۼһݹ̩λ仯һǿߣԪܿɽ˲顣
Ҷἰʱ֣űѧɹ
ټ£ִ¼ʱϷҪԺֻ֣ɽΣҪʱע׽̶򣡡
ڿʼԺ뾯״̬´ʮѧٹͻȻھϵߴߣ˼λյߣһĪ⣬Ტ۵ġ
̽ǣϣ
գ֮䣬뼸ߣһϵĴͨͨԴڶٶȣԺȥ
Ժ
ں嫾ϵ֮ϣһ޴ȱڣϵȱǱӾײɣǴĿġ
ٹԺ¡ԪϼǿߣʼΧھϵķۼ޲ϵȱڣϵҪķһƻûǿ߹룬Ǽ籩λ籩԰Ѿϵ׻ͻȫ١
ӭԺ£
Ժһī̵۵ߣȻۣתվɳףһƻھϵ֮ϣһͨӾϵ
뼸ߣڹԺʮǿǰֳҶˣк
ǰ޴ľϵѿڣò㵣û뵽ϵƻأ
Էһ֣ͻȻѷӾͶӰ˻̫⣬ǿ̾
ãѾɽʵղֳľɽλ֮ͶӰѣɽ޵ֿ֮ƬȴһǿķҪȥѷ칥ƣݻٴͨ
ʱ򣬾ϵ۷֮ϣͻȻûһīɫӰУһᡢǴۡʴݵա
ԺߣҲɫ䣬̶Գǻ۵ʩ񣺡ݼ䣡
ԭŴǻ۵գǹԺ䣬ԭ
ԭԺ䡰ơ쿥Ժ䡰ǧ䣬̩λÿһλͨΪ̩ͨͨλ棬ǹȻǿʿ
˿ԭޡµգŷԶǶǳ֮У֮Ű߲ǹ⣬͸Ʈ죬Ȼںһ֮£
ܿԭ沿ͶӰͻûھϵ֮УѹҲõ⣬Դ˵е䣬ǷǿߣҲһ޷ɺĴ
ţԺǿߣʼԸɽƻ
ݡԺֶԸɽ֮ʱԺ֮һԺټѧӻع飬ʼ׽̽ս
ԺԵʮڶս𣬴տȥ֮ͨУдԺѧڴͣһˣƻ׽̽ӣҲܼشһӿս
һ֮⣬Ҷȴǿ֮߳ķǴͨǰڲս
׽жǿ죬ż칦򣬾Ͱսƽһȥ׽̿һӲȡսҪ㡭ǧҪǳҿⳡսֻ۷ǧһ취ǱԺڲõ񣡡
صԺһЩ֮󣬾͵һʱϹҪĪȻһʣ׽ǲıⳡս죬бйթ
һ˾û֮УʱʹһըڹĽ֮Сգ洦սǳɱ¾һЩ۹Ҳ໥ɱѾһţֲң׽ԡ
Ҷٴһռ䣬ԽһǳشգǳȫԺƿأ۵ԺѧӣҶܿһӰɳűһռ֮С
ĪȻոսǧͼƿصĿռ䣬ͳҶȹʩˣ
ҶסΣƽ޲ʵĪȻԺѾһţоЩ׽ϸİɣ׽д
ʲôˣ
ĪȻʱȻ𾴣ŵӵǱԺѧӣɢϢԺɿֻţʱҸոսӵ׽̴ڽӣһԺͨԪڲǷǳʱԺѾȫգκ˳붼Ҫһһ飬׽ԼҪǱУھЩӣԭݽԺ
һҶͫƿı
ĪȻһɻüͷҡҡͷʲôҲҴ˴ﵽͨԪ֮ʱϷŻóСһǷͬѰ
ˣˣ׽취Ժر䣬Щһλλѧӣô֪Ŀܾܿǳ񣬲Ѿ֪䣡
ʱĪȻͻȻһ٣ѿڶ
һ˵ôֻʵǿУŻо޴ô׽Ҳõ񣬲ԺһݣݡԺĳҲᣬʱҴڻ׽̾Ҫʲôֻǵõ񣬽ʸ
ΪұȥԳ֣Ժ׽֮䣬ȡĪȻٻһӣҪɱȡλݣһͬعͨԪǣҪ׽̵ˣʲô
˼Ƭ̣ҶȺȻҪǱԺ׽̶ȡĿǰֻ̩ǧԳкܴȤһԭ򣬰̩Ϊ½硢Ϊ̩ұ׽壬Īϵ
һغ˶õĶڡ
ã¼򵥣ˣǱǳ֮Уź֣ĪȻͷӦֻҶһӣ˾ʧգգ۾ͳڽֵ֮С
ĪȻܣȷûڳ˫һϣʮָ֮䣬ʮڰ棬˲ռ
ʹˣ
һ۵ԺλѧӣӴ߹ÿһ߳ɴ磬գ۾СĪȻ̹
ž
ͻȻһִֻץָץסλѧ͸¶ҶȴһֳֻλѧȫҶֱ֮УҶ彥ûλѧ岻СΪ촷ۡ
ĪȻ𺳵ؿšҶȡɡλѧӡ̣˲ֳưˣһģһû˿𣬾Ҳ˿ߣ
̶ֳʲôɸ߽ҲһԶûﵽɸ߽ףҿ԰ͨ㣬ˣҲ뿴ߣ
ҶЦһ֣λѧϢһֱӸɵҶȴڵԺһλѧӡ
ĪȻҶҪִͨЦҪͨûˣǿݺ£ﶼȥá
ҶȻһЦ׼һ£ټнӣȥͨԪǣ׽̵ˣεȼƲߣȡ񣡡


423 ں
Ҷαװλѧ֮ϸĪȻԺͨԪǡ
һ·Ժ֮Уǧ󼸺ͬʱѧӻع飬ٶλѧӣгõϹŶϹŶع飬ȴǼԦͨͨԺʮصڲͨ
ڲͨֻԪϡ¼ĸ֣ʸԦӰȥ٣̩ͨλƽʿصڲͨҶǰȴɣ
ʱʱͻῴһϹŶŷһֱڴ֮г˯еڶеͥŲԸͬϹŶǿչԺʵߵλеĵλ
ˣЩϹŶع飬׽̶ȡƻҪ裬ϹŶعƱγɾ޴ս
ҶվһĪȻҲҶǿ⣬һڲͨһ̾
׽ˣİϷɽ𻢣ʵȴԺĽӣԺͻشûõ񣡡
ԺЩϹŶΪ˽֮䣬սȷʵˣ׽̵̳Ϊǧ䣬Ǵɽ·ˣɾɣԺԭҲ֣
ЩϹŶٶۼҲֻܵסǧȲѣһʩչͨ˵ԺԺԺҲҪ
ƿشǧͼϣ֮дԽҶĪȻⷬҲζǧԺʵ¹һ
һ棬Ҳܺ棬׽̵ʲô취Ժڲɾ޴ӶõҪ֪Ժ϶֪׽Ҫ뾡취óƱػ뾡취ֹ
Ժʵ˱ȼ磬Խˣˣڷ󲿷Ҫ編Լﷲƽ֮ⷨڣһԽҪɽ磬ڷ
Ϊӡһͷţ̾ͻɽ磬̩ӡǧ䡢ħЩĸӵֶΣǣԽ編ȫ޷ʹãһ򣬾ͻ
άһλıˣûзԼκ˶½磬ɱ¾Ϊ֮׾١
ˣʵԺַ籾Դʵǿ󲿷Լﵽ˱׼ͻõ򲿷ֱȫƽȡԽˡ
Ȼ̩λֵͼλ棬м޵ñȼΪԺ䣬Ҳܣܵ˵ռƣȻˣ˲һˣʮˡٸ˱ţܶԿˡ
ԺǱŵǿԿˣҲ࣬˼ʶֶΡͨ涼Ƿ˿ɱȣκһɽֶΣԴݻһ
ˣͨԪǾǰ棬ҪȥԱһӻ棬ȴʹٻ
һԽ֮ѾԺ룬һž޴貵ǶӰǿ֮УжϷһϡ

ҶȻֶͨԪԱһһָ˲䴩Խǿ֮Уͬҫ򾧱ϵûдϵһ˿󷨣֪ͽڲ
ڲǳض֮ܳУԵս˿ûйϵҲûܵӰ죬óݱ۹档
ʦ֣
һ창֮ڣҶĪȻӳһֵ߳ԺһҴ;¥ڣһ䣬ʮλΪһ׵λѧӣÿۣŻ档
˼ĪȻҶĪȻʩ
ˣ˶쵱귢չĽӣڵõ˰£ҺܿЩӱΪʹЩǰǸ߸λѧӣ̨ܲʣһһѱɷ
ĪȻֻ΢΢ͷһڲһҶȴһλѧݣֻ֮һ֮ڴҲ
ҶĪȻڲ䣬˿ʼ£ҶȸĪȻЩ˶СˣԺҸ㼸ɵٴͻƣﵽɶףΪıʣԺٶȣڵʮֹ
лˣ
ĪȻЦڣܴССͨ쾳ʿΪλѧӣǶҶһΣҶͨ˿ɣһҵµľҶȲ
׽صʹ߻δ٣ʮλλѧӣڿﾲе¥ͲרԷĵطҲṩʱסޣҶλѧӣȫѣλѧӾ
Ϊӣ˶û˵ͨϢ֮У¶ڷȻ΢ȴӲҶȷۡ
лˣ
ڲ䣬ĪȻͻȻɵ˲ѣҪ֪һɵΪܵõԺλѧӣ¿ͣᱻʹɵ
ĪȻõɵϣֻд׽ϣȡ죬͵õһɵʹͣΪﵽһ۷壬ɵͻƶף׶¡
ҾΪ㷥ëϴ裬̺ܶݣ̫࣬ҵϴ裬ǳʮԺٶȣҲǳʮ
Ҷ˵꣬ĪȻҶһ֣һ޵ĽƣȻԴںһҶһָĪȻġ
ٿ
һ̫һ̼עĪȻ֮УĪȻ΢΢һɫɲΪ泩ڴ
Ǻεΰ
ɲǼ䣬ĪȻ͸оڱ仯÷ݣһʥϸ֮пʼɣĪȻо֮£һСûз֮
Ҷģִﵽ𺳵ĵز
ԭͲԽ࣬Ҹ㷥ëϴ裬ͻͻƶףʮͻײ⣬ǴﵽףҲֻҪʱ䣡
ֻʮ˶ѣҶȾջָĪȻٴһ𣬸оҶָסͻȻһɣȻ𶯡
л֮
ʲô仯ֻĪȻ֪תһͫȻҲͷʥĹâȻҶʮ֮һҲֲѾܵԼ֮Уڤڤ֮Դ£
о޷
ǲɵڲ꣬ҲͻɶסҶѽġ
ҶȣͻͨŽףֵõʮٸɵ̫һѾﵽɾŽף̩λѾݺ޵Уɽλ棬Ҳһ
ʵԽǿԸӡȵȣҲڻͨһ֣һգۣһһ̺ͨﵽʵѾӽˣΪ֮н޵еĴڡ
ӡ󷨵ȵͨƿأһͿ԰κͨչֳ
ˣʹˣ
һȥȻĪȻϢһƮȵϢȻذѷռ飬ƺһ޵ǿҪ֡
ȻӺһͨˣѿռ˺ƣеȻۣ߳һ
μʹߣ
Ҷǰѧģ˹ʩ
˫ͫŷһâʮλλѧ֮УһһɨϢƽ˻˵ܺãʹһҪɣֻҪ񣬱ʹʹһɵΪٴͻƣ
±֤񣡡ĪȻͷޱȵشӦ
ǰƷֻҪͨԪڲȻڲͬãȫȻ뿪ͨԪǣ
ͻȻһ֣ʮɫΡԼһ߳СӣǰָһһӾͷĪȻҶȵˡ
澹ȻһϢ
ӴС˲䣬ҶȾ͸о棬ûʲôǿ޵еһֺϤϢǾǵ֮ң֮Ȼ״̬Ȼӡǿ󣬵Ҷͨ£Ҳܵ
ֻҪѺӷ벻ͬʱҪ˷ǷҲûʲô⣬ȻԺʲôʲôȥɣ
˻˻֣˾ûռ֮Уʧ
ɵ
ôɵҪԺ֪ܵõһӶòһţ
˸ߣһλѧӶЦޱа¶̰ǲŲʲôԺǺʲôֻɵ
ҾɢλλعͨԪǣ
ĪȻͷŸʹɭɭƣһ£ʮλλѧʩ֮󣬽뿪ҶĪȻ뿪
ˣϢΪʲôһҲӦ
һͨͨԪǴֵϣĪȻɻѣһߣһҶȴɻʳ
Ҷȴڽֵϣ˽Ŀ⣬Ϊλѧӣڽֵϣ˶ʶÿҶȻصпԵһֺа
ĪȻҲͲסʵˣôܴڣǴ˵е񻰴𣿡
ȻڣԺлһȥʶʶǳ£ԸŵǴ˵ʵģӵӦó׽̳ǧУֻ˲п
Ժӭһƽ١
Ҷ˵֮Ժֳĳ䣬һϧǻٻӰҶӿ죬ŷλŮӣʱ̾סԼļһҲû뿪Զȥ


424 Ƴ
ͨԪǣλΪʥʥ֮һ
ʦܣ˼ִ´ʥλλѧӣҪͨ󣬶Ҫܼ飡
һģԻ͵ĴڣҶĪȻϴ̨Ϸʮλ׵Ľ׵ִӣҪ顣
ĪȻûκԹԣҲϵܼλִһʥϼ⣬ʼɨĪȻ
ʩչ˸߼̲ÿѧӣԺȷʵڷδȻ׽̻ԺЩ׽ϸԭԺӣȻڴڸ߼Դȴûиı䣬ԺñԴ飬ĪȻ׽ϸûһ˿ã
׽쳣̲飬κηԺԴѧӣûп̲ͨ飡
Ҷվȴʥϼ⣬ҶһҲںʥϼԺԴɣڱԺѧӣףԺѧӣӹɾŽʮ״Բпܶʥϼ̲顣
Ժ꣬ӵԺӾ֡һǿּ֮ͱԺ֣ͨԪǼȫںϣ˱ȼ硣
ʥϼȻҲӵп˵Զɾʿ˵Լκӵоͨǿߡ
һʦ֣
ĪȻȫ̲ͨ飬žǡʦ֡Ҷȡ
ҶȺɣʥϼ֮У̼䣬һǿʢıԴʼӿ壬ھ֮ͬѰ
ҵǿ󣬿κǿˣһҲ޷ң
زʥϼ⣬Ҷʥǿ󣬾ȫԸҲ޷Կ硢ʵδﵽɾ۷壬ǳԽ۷壬ﵽ˵ȼſԿͬԺԴ
޷ȴɶܱԴ̲飬̫һգ˵ССɽڻ£ʳ١
ˣʦ֣ʦ֣봫ͨ
ʥϼȻҶڶߣִ߶󣬹ҶĪȻ̤ϴ֮УλִӴһطӡֻ¡¡һ𣬴ϼһ˾ͱߡ
ʼ뿪ͨԪ֮ҶĪȻվУĪȻ¶һ˿£Ҷ̾ˣû뵽Ժ̲ϸǰҲйδܣ
ȷܣԺĴҲΪܵļ飬ֲ׽ҪڸԺչϸȻȼ֮
һ̲飬ҶȵټʶڽȨͳһиʵֶΡ
ͨԪԺƮǲ࣬Ժʵಢ󣬰㶦棬ϧҪˣ
ͨԪǾϵ
̾˼ȻٳͨԪǷȥͨԪǾһԲαʯԶ貵Ƕ֮Уͨܿʹ̵ľϵûκ𶯣ŷعĸƵĽͨԪǡ
ԺҲصΧʱֿѺںɢڸҶȵһμԺڲȻԺûжֶ࣬ѧӵλҲμ
Ҷһ仰ĪȻͳշȥҶֻ΢΢һգ۾ǧ֮⣬޽һӣҶȺɣǰһӴ֮С
ٴһڸңԶһƬϿգѵڶںӴ뺣֮УһһƬɽ֮УΧһΰѧڰûзΣķ
ҶȰһӴȺɽ֮УӦĪȻϢƿն룬գ֮䣬ʹһƬʯճ֣Ҷȳǰһڲ֮УĪȻŨ֮зɳ
˻֮˵ϼ䣬Ҷ̻֣ĪȻȳȥҪ׽̵ˣʲôؼҲõ񣡡
СģĪȻҪȥ׽ʹ߷ѶţҲԥתͳͷĵȥ
Ǻ֮УһֿµĵаϢҲ֪ǲԵаҪǵĻԺҪ꣬Ҳ޷赲ƽ٣
ɽ硢ĴڣҲˣ̩λһƽپҪ٣
ҶȾƯգģȻԺλѧӣϢҲûиı䣬Ŀ⸩·˽ܵ΢΢ӿ죬һ̣Ҫ¡
ĪȻ׽ʹߣɽҪ߶ӡںӷӡҪˣ
Լʱգ۹ȥָ֮䣬ҶȺȻһһںԪ֮УĪȻݶ
ꡭ
ͻȻʯֵŨ֮УͻȻ籩ϯصƣǣʯֵȴûκθı䣬ֻǣֶ޾ֵشоűӳ
ҶȻ׽ʹߴ߶أ⿪ӡ

һԺλѧӣ˫ֱͷܣƤѪ죬ֱۡƤ£ͻȻжߣҲֻС١
帯ˣ綾綾ȾңȾң
һȺλѧӴʯֵӳѪɫСֳӣӣȴȽӶ̫ഥ֣еĳӣȻֱƤ֮УеĴӶ䡢ǿס۽ǡ
ǳӣ
ǧԶҶȾ͸Щس֮УͷŵаϢŷһ־綾ҳʢ
ꡭ
ȻҶֲ˼һĻһλѧӣɳȻĳӾȻֱӴʱ䣬λλѧ˺ˣң⡢ȻˣǸõ⻹͸Ѫɫаԡ
Ȼǡڤʬô񣬶ұڤʬٶȻҪӣȻԵȻǱɽ֣ɽȡڤʬӶıаӣ
ѾѳڲһǿҶԣаĸʴ綾ҶȵڤʬûжٲֻǴ߲һһҧһ֣ǳֱ಻ʳ
¡
ʮԺѧӣʯֵ֮зɳͲˣа񶾳棬ֱӰʳը
űը󲿷ֶ׹أеĶ汬ը֮պѧϣֱѧ֮УǱ̫٣òѧûиоʹ࣬Ŷȥˡ
ڤʬ࣬ӵдȾԣһȾһңһ޷ѹڵĵ綾ȥȾѧӾͻԽԽ࣬գеѧӶӲ
һĻҶǸͬܣڤʬڸʹ࣬ŷ塢ȥ
а񶾳湦ڤʬһԸ󣬶Ҷʻרʳ˵١ȵȣڤʬҪֲ
ţ
ڴѧӾʱҶ𾪵ؿʯֵʯֵԭȻƵʥأͻȻеʯֿʼݡֲȻʼ
֮УκʶѪɫͷŨҾ綾ؼǲʶʼãգ۾ͳΪ֮һ⣬ʣ¾ǲ֫壬ľ˲ήʯﻯΪ
ƬʥضڱΪ֮أҶȿ¥󶼲⣬ȫʴӶ
찡ЩȻзԣ
Ҷ𺳵ǣЩʳһʯĶ棬Ȼ忪ʼѣһֻֻԽԽֻ࣬Ҫʳ֮󣬾ͻһδ޻ķѣֹͣԭֻһֻ棬ʳһͻϷһֻ
ʳһͷͻѺüֲֻôԺЩѧ֮Уը˶Ķ棬ԭ澹Ȼʳһ深ܣѣֹ
ˣ
ͨԪͻȻײ
λȻģô඾棡
ȻʯֵϷʮϹŶ¾ǻǵΪȴδֲԶҶȡ
һǿߣĿ¶ɱŴǲϸõʣֿһȺȺ棬ɶŴһץ
Ȼһץ˳ףеĶ棬ڽ֮Уǿ˫һϡ
䡭
ʱһըըˣžըǵѪ֫塢ЩΪƬء
ûЩǿ߸ˣȻʧȥ֫壬Щʣոأ綾ͿʼѸ཮Ȼ汻ɱˣǾ綾ȴûʧڲϵظʴ཮
ǿסˣΪչɱһȺȺ棬Ѹظˣ
֪ˣһżϿ⡢ɽֵġƳ桯źٳ֣Ϊλ½֣
һΪﵽ׵ǿߣͻȻ˫Ŀһ֮󣬲ŴĿĵָ̾ƳдȾԣɽ磬ѶԸţԸƳ棬ֻаǸ룬ûʳǾͻɱʳЩ綾ֻаȫ룬ӡհ꣬ſ


425 Ƴ֮
Ƴ棡
ɽ磡
ɱ
հ꣡
һĿġѪǵۣ˶ﴫɵۣһֲʱƳϯɵĴ
ڹϵĵ֮мأںԶŵʱɽ粻ٵͼλ棬Ƴƽ٣ٵͼɽλ棬ٵ򣬱Ƴ𣬴˶ҪʳЩƳ沢ɽȼҲڹƳ渹У
Ƴר壬ʳǿ֣ͻᱻƳʳãЩѧӣҲǱƳڣʳ٣Ѫ󸯶Ƴ滹ѣֱѾʳɾŻ뿪壡
λǿŴأһʹ̡ͬʰܣһʥأԺŻѪʥأȻڸƳʳ̼Ϊ֮أޡ
һǿľѣ޲ðѸƳȫɱʵϣǡǸô죿ܾԺʥشݻٰɣ
ÿͨԪǳȥѧӣƳ壬׸ӦһЩѧӳȥͻ֮д̩λ¶Ѳˣ
߽ʾ֭ͷȻѼѧӣӡǧҪȣŹƳľ綾רʳȻ֪ͨԪϣռ䶼иѶ֮븯Ƴӡǧ֮ɱ
ǣλǿ̷ˡ
λϷ򣬰ƬԷӡȥ򣡡Ԫǿߣϣ˵֮䣬һץһΰʯֵȥ
ٿٿٿ
λǿߺɣ׷״ΰǻʯֵ޴أ̸һȥ
ԭиƳ桭ɽҲȳ֣Ƴ׽ɽоרԷ磡
ȥЩϹŶҲҲͨԪǣµʱҲϵˣԺԺҲ޷Ժ⣬ʧȥ񡭡
ҪȥԺҪĺ׽̸ͨԪڱƳ֣һΪԸԺص㻹Ϊȡ񣡡
ҶȿԺߣʩչͨȻڽƬʯֵڽо޴иǴֱʣɽͨѾˡ
ಣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾͳͨԪ룬ԺǬƵأŲ󷨣ҶҪȥҲ׾٣ڲжֻдǿ߷ɳ

˲ãҶȣȻڲͷаԣţѧӿʼԾȻҲڲӡ
ţҶȾͼ׳һĻӡڲǱ޵λѧӣҪͨڲܳ룬ڣͻȻɶֻλѧӴڲɳʱҲԿڲλϵǿߣȻˡ
λǿߣʲô˵һˣǧҲ˲ݻ٣Ժʵ
ЩϹŶ̾գȻûгЩʹѧӣʩչͨһӻӡǸַ֮УڲЩƯ½أڿʼ
ϹŶʼɢȥⲿ˶أʣһ֣ʼӡһ
ԺЩϹŶȹϵϣæתԺը˹š
ԺЩƳ޵ѧӣٶ뿪ͨԪǣһ֮У϶֮бһʮʮ٣ٴǧֱһ򴫹һ򣬸ƳͻΪѡ
Ժнơ󷨶ʧЧˣԺ˵ԸƳ汣ҪģѾ޷ƣҿʱԺиʱ̣׽̸ӦóǱҪֶȡ񣡡
ҶĬĬգӦڲκα仯һ쳣֣ͻᷢ֡
ΧѾָƳӰҶҲǿҶմһմͻжڤʬж
ǰҶȿ϶ǸƳаԶ֣̫Ҳֻܿ⣬ĨɱϾ̫̫ͼﵽˮƽȻԾκа
Ҷӵ̫һҲκεƳ治ǵܵͼĴڣĵһͷţ̾һ٣̫һּĵɣţҶڻӵпںʮ١
ԶԸƳ˵ҶȾǡ
ҾͿƳ浽ʲô֮
ڲûκδ󶯾ҶѸƳԺ»ߣιƳƽ٣Ϳкܴô
ಡ
һҶָԺԴ̫һͬǹһ鸯Ƴȥ
֨֨
һֻƳ汻סӹƳӪбգ۹򣬾ͳҶȵġ
͡
Ȼһ̣ƳͿʼҶͷųͨܲסƳ棬ǸƳȴʳʼڣסڼ١
ȻаԣȲڤʬٸƳҵ̫ⶼ޷ͻƣֻʳͨʱڵʩչ̫ԿڤʬȴֹֻٶȣҲձڤʬ
ͨƳʳһʥĹâָƳ棬ŭĸƳѹ֮£˿㸯Ƴ治֣ʳ̫⣬޷룬ֻҪ룬Ϳʼ̫־岻ѡ
Ҷ񾳽̫ͣ廹˵Ƿˣ̫Ҳǵȿٵص̫⣬ȻͼѹƳ滹ǿԵġ
ھ̫һΣ
֮ҶȾ̫һһһɷӡĽʼƿһ̫һ˿סƳ档
ž
֪̫һողסƳ棬ȻֱӿʼɸƳ棬ֱӿʼɣ嵽аԣͳͳɣֻǶ̶ӣƳ澹Ȼͷһ̫һɵıըȻ󣬾ͻΪ촷ۡ
ûκη̫һѹƳ׾٣Ƴ̫һ֮ʵʵûκΪа綾Ҳ̫һɣңҶȸо̫һոƳ֮ŨһεҺ塣
Ƴһѣ˵ȴһʢ磬ɸƳ淴̫һŨȣ
һ˷֣ҶȿЦ⡣
ţȻʮٰҸղ̫һˣô£
ҶȸոմЦû̫һջڣȻһԶֱͨѪѵʳƳ̫һֱա
ͻǴʮͷųͻ仯Ҷɺͷԡ
ϸϸйʮٴ˵ϸһ飬ɻչʮٸڵչ˵ѵһʮҪ
뵽Ҷһ𺳡
ʮҪ֣Ǿ̫˼飬ʮٿաѹκεǿתΪṩҶ̫һ
ңǵʮ֣ϴ˵еҲʮٳɳҪ֡
˼飬Եʯ쾪˼顣
ڲֻǻɻɻҶȿԿ϶Ÿղۣʮͨɽ硢磬֮УôȻҲʮ֡
ʮ֣ôʮپκκαԴʮǿݺ磬κ޷赲ʮ١
ӵʮٵҶȣȥ磬κεȼڻ£ɣӿѹκ
ȥʮٳɳһ̣Ҷǿʮٳݺ磬˭Ҷȶ֡
һ룬ǶԵģʮҪҪ֣ȥֱǱˮн
Ҫҵǿʮգɽ¶Сȥǵʺʮٳɳĵط
ѾʮںϣûܶᣬҲ̫һȫòʮ٣˷Դ硭
ͻȻҶУһޱȿļƻͨԪ·ֱӿ͸ϵȻޱߵλԨ硭÷ʮٽٵڵʮٷȥ
ԶŴ˵ʮԭڵҶҪɳôֻ취ҲΨһİ취ܲܣҶڰʮٴ磬磬Ҷȷˣɽ綼޷ο硣
ͬԭеɽλ棬򡢴½λٵڻ׹ףǸȥףҪǿˣ;ܡ
Ҷӵʮ٣κҶԴʮѹҶȾȥ硣
һٵʮپͻÿһ֣ҵʵҲǷٶȣ»ҵֹ
ȻΣأʮҲܱ˷֣ȥֻҪҲ˾޷ǿ߽ʮһôҲûС磬ֻʵݺ£ΣգҲҪȥ
Ҷ¶һޱȼᶨľ
ţƳ澹ȻͨԪΧ򱬷ˣ
ȻһҶԺĪȻݶ
һ֪ƳѾлҪ죬򴫿ȻûͨԪôأʱƣ϶ΪңԺܰڶԸ֣ҪԸ׽̡


426 ᳽
׽ֶΣʵں˵㣬Ȼһλ棬ɢƳ棬ѣԲһͼλֵܵģ
ĪȻҶͷ⣬ͨԪǣ͸ϵ򣬵ͨԪһ򣬹Ȼа򾧱ϵ͸ϵͿڲÿһǳؼڿֻ״̬
Ժλѧӣ֯ǳؽҽֹκʿ룬ʿǳǳĵطûгָƳ棬ΪػɾأԺòžƳ֡
ЩʿûһǳԸ򿪷ӡǣͬʱйȻ˸Ƴ棬ʮʿʼӴܣƳٶ̫죬ʿʳ
ʱ˿̣ڲ˷֣ܳǧʿ뷲ˣڸƳ֮¡
׽ֱ̼̩λΪȡֲҾ御زݵҲó
Ϊζ׽̶ԴҪƳɢ¾׽ҲŤת棬̩λ潫ӭ֣֮׽̩̽λ棬ģڲϧøƳֶΣѵ׽ҲԸ̩λ棿
Ҳǰ֮Уλ棬ٸ磬׽УһСС̩λȻʲôʱԸᣬԲŻᶯøƳ棡
һɲǣҶȷŷֿǿߣ𣬾Ͷ㣬ޱ˾ͰһиԶ٣鶼ϣǺεֶΣεεȵҰ
ڣ׽ⷬȻõƳֲֿҶȸܵʡۻĸоѵûƱж񱨣ûֻһ˵ֻҪǿʵͿɱ¾̤


ͻȻҶȳ֮ʣͨԪ֮ϣһǿб飬һֽҳһ
ײ֮ȶģͨԪڲգʼ쳹ʯһٴص
׽̵ˣ̲סҪ᳽ԺȻһƬң߲Ӧû뵽һ㣬һ
ڵ׽̸֣ҶȻһƹߣ̤֮룬ռ䣬ֱӴԽռʧȥ
ԺҪġ֮硯λ׽̸ֹȻɱ룬Ҫ᳽ǶԺϹŶһҪػ񣡡
ͨԪʱգҲԺʥĵط֮磬ԺǬʥһ
ʮԺϸ֣һãգЩߣ֪ػ֮꣬ǲ֪ڶ꣬ΪҲ߽ףмɰ˽ףЩһԶƫԶ
ԺܽԺһƽ٣ЩǱ޵ϹŶͳͳع飬ػԺ¾Ҳ޷˵ЩϹŶ
ЩϹŶŴҲͬһɫĺ۵ۣ󲿷صĵ£ȫһȺ͸ϹŶ
ಣ
ʱʮɫͨͻȻ˷ͻأسʮλϹŶӪϯ̫ž޳棬Ҫ롣

ϹŶͻȻۣǺɫУϲݣͺڶͨϯһ̣ϹŶͻȻ߾˫֣һ⣬˫֮ʱһɾ޴ӡ֮ںɫ֮ͨϡ
¡
Ϊ֮һλϹŶֺ£һɫͨ飬һƻ泤۵׽̸֣˲ֳ
ϹŶһһվһλ߲԰׺ߣѾϵֻʣƤǣ룺ˣҶԺɢƳа׽̣ǸԺ׽Ʋ
ϣʥǰʲô
ţһλ˴ʮλ׽̸֮߳ǵĪȻǺںӵʹߡ
˫֣ڻ֮Ŀͬǳһ䣬ɨһϹŶЦЩϹŶǸķͥһš㣬¦ճ
˾ȻϤذһϹŶϹŶΪ֮һ𣬾Ȼ˶˽⣬ĿĿλ׺ϣһ䡰¦ճŷߴӳ˯лѡ
ߡ¦ճҲΪȣȽȽˣЩԻЩİʶҵȵˣ̩λѾ٣һЩϹŶǱ޴ܣҲǸʱڵǿߣ
ȻĿ壬׷ߣһ쵽ϹŶ¦ճͥһšǸʱѾǸ߸ϵλѧӣ£ңһɢСӣԺУ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣΪޡңѾȥڣȥǶʶң
ޣ
¦ճߣʱڿԣͫȫǾ첻˼Ŀ⣬ԱһϹŶԡޡʵѵѵǶʮǰǸšĲӣ
֮˼ǵþţԺֽҾţڵӰ£ǵľţֻûִԺһּѣǾȻɱ֣ɱɣҲޱԨ
ˡޡ˴˿̣ڿʼ֮У಻ĺ⣬ɺ⣬׹ħĺ̫ã֮жû׹ħ
ΪֻкޣûԹûϣ
һƵģ治֪Ǹ˻ǸΪѹҲóͶ·ζһɱ¾ɱ֮κ󷨣赲֮
ѾΪʷ̣ΪһŶҲӦǨûоĵޣǴ׽̣ǲԺصŵĸޣɢƳ棬ԺɻңΪľǷɢԺע䣬Ͳ壬꣡󣡡
¦ճЩϹŶͷ˸Իһָʼһ縡ΰûʵͻȻ
󡭡
üͷһʮ־㵣Ҳֻǽ˶ѣŷԤ־أһǿߣ񷣺Ȼǳ󷨣ɡԪݻȷǿ󣬲ǲģ
ãǾͳٰɣ
һϹŶ¦ճָ£ûΪһǳ󷨣ÿػһ⣬ǧ
ɱ
ͻȻˣһӣʮûб׽̽ӣͬ¦ճӪɱȥ
ۡ
׽̸ָɱ룬һƻĵ⻷أײ׽̽һ𷭣סΣץһɫޣǹ⻷һȥ
žડ䣡
ǿаѹ⻷һӣ׽̽ӣҲ׷׻ͬĺɫ쳤ޣǹ⻷޴ȥ
ǱйŹ֣ƶɣ
ϹŶǣ΢΢ű޴ζǸе˼飬ƿص֮УɾŽסʮ״ԲҪѹǰЩŹֵ׽̽ӣʬ⣬ֱӡ
֮ϣ˾͸оһ˺ѵķ籩ǹ֮ͷų޷赲Ժݻɣϼӳ֣ƣ赲ˡ
һͱ׽̸ֹơ
¦ճļǧˣ׽̹Ȼǿ󣡡
̫Сҿ϶ǿ״̬бйթʲôվԺ䡮ǧǰҲҪ߳񣡡
޶һƯգûвսǰĿ⿴¦ճػĴ롣
״룬ŷһɷͬңлоѹЦУмĸػ
䡭
Ժ׽̸˫òɿȻһû潻սһ󷨣ԱʵҲǷǳ׳۵ģţ˫ÿһν֣ͨԪɾ޴ƻ
¼֮УҲᱻ˫ƣ˲ɱʣ˫Ƕ߽ϵľǿߣÿһһʽǶлܡ
ɽ
ԺӪ֮ڣ¦ճڶϹŶʩչȻûж׽̸ɳشؿھʼϹŶʼ仯λãͬӡҲͷų
ţƻ֮пʼ˺ѣһɹհɽӣձֲش뽵ռ䶼顣
أɽ
׽ڸ֣üͷϢȫޣͻأ籩سޣͬʱգһ˲γһﳤĺɫޣɢ񷣬˺ơ
¡¡
֮У̱ӣײʱһײһ˲ҫ죬۹âÿǡ
ÿֲơסǿҲᱻɣ
һӰҲֲƸ𵴶û¦ճȾǿ߷֣һֱڰŻҶȡ
ԭذû˷֣˭˫ղͷŵۺһͻȻͷţһ˷ŭѾȼɾŽϸ֡
ɾŽףһоƣһǿһ£˫ô߽ס˽ǿߣۼŴﵽŽ״̬ôɾŽ׻Ǻεȵǿ


427 ޵¾
޲飡
֮⣡
Ժ׽˫ս׽ڸһδ趯쳤޹ÿһγƬռ䶼Ϊ֮Ʒڣһ׳ޱҳ󣬵ǧӿ
¦ճϹŶڲΡȻݳ˫ֲϴһӡ˲任̬һδθıռ׽ѹ
Ժ⻼׽ǿ߶ȡиƳ桭
ɱķգʩչǿֵ˫ըֲƣҶһҶСۣҡҷɫɱ޿϶ȥһԺָɱ޾ǿҲ쵽Ҫɱֵʱˣ
ʱ˿̣׽ڸһȴûкֺ෴¦ճϹŶƿҲ޷׽ѹ˫ûоҪһֱȥ
־棬ԺȻƣڴ󲿷Ժ֣Ҫôûȫع飬Ҫô󲿷ֶڶԸƳ棬Ƴһѹ־ͻγɾѹ޳׾ɱ
֪ΣԺ䣬ǧ᲻֣
ҶȾ±лҪ䣬ʲô˶ԵõģԺ䣬һǾ֣ӵһƬԴ֮ӳ֣һԺ˵̩λһˣһҲΪ
Ժ佭ƣȻɰ˽ףһԺԺŷʵҲǱȼʮף˵Ѿˡ
ҪǾǧڽҪնɱ޵ʮλ׽̸֣Ȼ˵׾٣ҲǲöܰһնɱڴˣԺͨԪǣǧϰʮ״ԲˣҲҪɥڴˡ
λ񣬾Ƕس񣬵òҲûŻȥ
ڣʯľޣͻȻųزսÿһ̤룬ռ飬飬İԵǼơ
ڲ¦ճվϹŶҲ׷֮վ׽ʮλ֣¦ճϢע⣬۾Ҫ֣սڲſʼ
赲
룬ʮλ׽̸֣ңһֶÿѼƣ̬һ֣УȻһȼյĻ泤ޣʵģȫҫۻ棬֮
󣬻ûޱߣ
Ժڸּǻ泤ޣƺǿ󣬶ʮλϹŶվ߶ÿ˿ʼͷͬ
ֻʼû״̬ʿ󷨿ռ䣬ʼŨֱʮ˫ѹ֮Уʼƻĵƣʼͬӿƺˮ޺Х
էȻȥ޶һˣںˮƵİ£ͬһʯӣʱᱻߣ˻֡
󣬲̩λ涥󷨣

Цһӿƻֱһһץǻ泤޾ͬһ㣬ƻȥ
¡
泤Ѹײڶ֮Ƽƻ֮ϣֻһ쳹ء
ͣ
ǰƻȻ泤ǿһӣѷӿƻֹңĿ֮ϣ˺ɫȼյĻ棬Ȼʼʴƻغ
ᣡ
¦ճ͵һɫͻأھѸһ֮£˰ϹŶûжӦ¦ճһϣջﶯ
ȻǱڰɵƻѿڣʼǿϣҰѺɫȡ֮С
ҿֶܼãޣ̳ƶɣڷ˵Ҫǿ󣡡
ʮ㣬ʼƮ˸ֱֶԺӪӶ泤ޡ
ž꣡
泤ڿзһۻ棬쳤޻ΪһȻͬ߳ͷŵƻڶ
Сģʵ̫ˣ֪һΪǼǧ򲻿ɴ⣡
οճּ쳤̿λߣͬʱסϢͬʱһơ
ͻͻͻ
ֻƻ֮УͻȻӿŤʥ⣬һ֣˺ƻĻ泤޺ݺȥŷ϶Ϊһֻ־ŭ
¡
泤ƻĴѸײһ𣬴ָס泤ޣȻ׺ݵزϳ·ѹ泤ڷͬзӿʼ޷ӹģҲ޷׽
ߣٻ
ޱԽ¦ճǿ߱ԸҲܵһ˿˿ѹֱϱȡֱһ𣬻泤ͻȻȼһɺס
͡
ڴʱһĻˣѹĻ泤ޣͻȻͨΪɫңͷһɺףʼѸȼգֻ֣գ۾͸ɰͬߣһ°ѴС
ȻǾǿߣͨʩչҪ̫ǣϵҲҪʧȥ
һĻ֮еҶȣʵЩվסһǿߣҶȸоޱҪǿĶ࣬ɰ˽۷塣
ɰ˽ףڷ֮УѾ޵ǿߣǾŽ׻ʮ״Բƿһһͼλ档
˫һҶҲѧپ飬ֶһ־ǻֻҪԲͻᱻɱ
̳̳
׽ʮǿߣʼ
ƣ
ֱʷֱһ𣬻泤޷ŷһ㣬ݺȥڷŭݺƻϣͣÿһͱĿǡ
ʼھǿʵǰƺҪϱʵʵ죬ǹ쳤õ£һδ򣬾رɫز
һ
Ȼ¦ճǿߣƳһֲӡʼͷżϢ
һǵ涷֮ʣǿиκʵͨǡԪ֮ʮһ
ԺǿִķӡҶȺȻúϤϸϸһ룬ͽ֮Уһμ춷ʩչһܡ
Ϊ£ΪҲĽףڣȴһȺ߽׵ϹŶһȻ֪
ţ
ͻȻֹͣգһɰԵȻǿе˺һԴݻһĻ
ããҾͿԺкֶΣʥ̿⣬׷籩
ǿߣȹ٣޻Ӷֱۣǻ泤ֱգʼž޴ֻӶתγһȼյз籩ڲϵ󣬾ȻͨҲС
ͻͻͻ
ڣ¦ճǿߣüͷΪһᣬǴ룬һ׶״˺ѹСľѹ
䡭
˼һĻˣ˺ѹͬĻһֱ½ƺ񷡢ʧȥģ׹Ԩɽ֮ƺǺ׷籩֮ϡ
趯泤ޣ˱ѹò½ֱǧײֹͣϳЦ·ٿһɢֱۡִָ󣬷ŷҪըǦƵ͹
ͣ
һѪӾ޿ȻѪû˿Ǳ֮ѪһܵѹһʱѪӿѡ
ƣ
ںвס˺ѹһ̣л泤޾ȻŨģΪһһڹ֮ϣӵײʼֱͻͻͻ󣬾Ȼֱֱײһ´һӡ
̫ǿˣ
Ժڸ֣һʱ֮侹Ȼ޵ǿסˡ


428 թ
ʵѾܱȼɾŽ׾֣
ҶҲһּǿߣ̩λ棬Լ൱λ֮ղչֵʵԻһС
ǿߣ̩λѾָԺ䣬ƾʵҲ󣡡
û뵽׽֮Уֱһһˣ׽̳ǧ⣬вپǰ̫ǿ󣬳ʩչ컯ȭնɱɱ֮ҲҲˣ
չ¶ɾŽʵҶҲо̫֣ϣʵҪսܾˣҶͨŽףҲӵбȼɾŽʵѾվ߽׸λҶȲͨŽףҲ޷Ƚϵġ
ҪҶҲ߽ףɱ죬׾٣ˣҲ˲ɱȵҶͻɾҲ
󣬸𣡣
ƽԺڸһͻȻץסõֲĽģһѺɵĽģһͻգֱ֮ǰŷһƾȥ
ҿ춥ס
Ժڸ֣ŴӾǿֶ𾪹ȴֿһһ񣬷׷׼
ˣ
ͻȻһƶһϣһƣʥ־˷ŭֱһ
䡭
׽ǿƶ£˲غݺݰһӣҺڲɢ
ɱɱɱ
׽Ⱥɱ˻ʼ޼ɵ֮УһԺϹŶң߽⡣
֮ڣ˫ֶ̱ӣʼɱȫ߽˽ǿߣÿһһʽ󷨿ʼ֮ľǿڲɱҲ޷ֶá
޵õԽԽߣѾɱ֮Ҷ⼤䣬ڱս֮УѰҾӰ
̫ǿȻգ۾ɱ֮ģ¦ճλԺ޵ϹŶһ潻֣һɱһʥǳռ䡣
֮Ժʥĵڣ󱻾ǿͻƣ֮Ѿͬ裬һһ飬ƻ֮֮ӡٺʼߣıڲͬռ洦ɼ
Ժ̩λݺ꣬һ£֮籦֮Ужٱ˵ضǣһռڲȫǷӡŸֱĿȫǼƷ䱦ڿռ֮Уʰ쵹ʵȻƷƷƷƷȻкüʮ
˶ȥ᳽ЩǾ͹ˣ
п֮ǳռ֮ʣҶȷֲٿռ䶼飬ֳʯֳҶҲ߶ʮһǸˣ̫Ҫȱٱ
һ֣ʱƣıͳͳ޽䣬Ȼڶᱦ֮ʱҲҲ뱻ϹŶ֣ҪǱּǿ߲סɲһһϦܽս
бͳͳһʯҲŹ޽ɽеĴ䣬õ⡣
ϧ֮罨֪˶нʥء֮ʧҶ᲻ãҪΣ֮УͻЩȫ롣
¦ճѷ֣ղ˫ⲫ֮ǰӾַ֣ͷųʱ׹սʱǵ⽣Ӱ
ּ֣һʱܷɳʤһҪɱǳռ䣬¦ճȫֵ¦ճ徳ﵽֲɰ˽ףȾ޻һ磬޺󾢲һޱȣƺڲϼӳ֣ԽսԽ£Ͽǳռ䡣
ǳռ֮Уһ̩λ汾ԴϢǿͷţоȻоκΣ
ܣԺ߲㣬һ֪׽⣬Ӧðѳһ԰ȫĵطھȻͰѳ׽̸ִȡԺԼʵ̫ģı
ҶΪأʵǿ󣬿ֱɱǳռ䣬ȡ񣬲һпȥ̫ЩȻ
һˣ֪С͵͵϶ѲźãԺȴڳѵйթ
ǰҪƻ׽˳õܵõòкܴΣգҲֻܷ
Ҷ˼ϸܣǰ϶ɱݱ֮ʣֵõ񣬵ڣҶҪ侲̫࣬йթ
εõ̫֮౦ڳûкֻܴҪ׽˳õǾʹĿģܵõǾ͸ãǧ䡢̩ӽǵ̩λ棬õʲô
ҶȺ֪˶õĶ칭ȼıǧͼȼı
ꡭ
ͻȻڿǳռǷ¦ճǱһźֵ֮У˳һѪ³һͷҷ˲ᡣ
¦ճɱû壬ǶȡôˣŵЩľ
ǧͻȻӺ֮߳һȻͷߺɫĻ⻷˿̣Ʊ֮ǰӻףǺɫ⻷ǿȻ¦ճܡ
¦ճؿڣţѾʷ֮г٣Զ޷ѷ죬ΪõţܣֻأԶҲ޷ȥ
ǲ˵ģ㿴ɣεõ񣬴ӶԺʷ֮г٣
ͻأһȻǳռ䣬ȫ¦ճ˦󣬽ǳռ䣬޷ŷ뺣֮УƯ룬һһ׳Ľɫʯ⡣
ɱ
¦ճӺ׷Ǿ죬һָһ㣬罣ָռ䣬ֱɱ졣
ƥ򣬹
һָԭɰ˽׿ֲټ¦ճ֮籾ԴںϣʩչһӿֲɱָͻȻһȭȥָ֧飬ſռһͬ飬٣ڶǼ֮С
ͣ
ǿǿ飬ŷҲ¦ճͬһ󷽷ڣɳǧײǿַͣŭɱ˹
ʵǿֲɰ˽׵¦ճҪǿһأɾŽףɾŽ̩λ滹ûгֹԺ䣬Ҳɰ˽ף̩λ棬˽Ѿȫ𣡣
ǹ֮еҶȣ¦ճ޷֮ͱһȭɣѪӿ޲ȥޣһ
һǿֶΣ޵ͨ伤ҶȺս־ǿߣ䣬̩λָ֣֮ҶȲ֪Դеõٱս飬κɵ޷ġ
¦ϣҵһ֮
ǳռ֮⣬ֳΪ߽׵ǿߣ¦ճغϣʼҪֶԸޡ
ǲ֪ڣѵǰʲô𣿼ȻҪҾ򣡣
޾Ȼһ֣ʩչһװȼվڿʼ죬¦ճ˷Ҳ޷ⱻĽ
գ
ҶڵһʱͷɳΧ֮ڣǰ¦ճں׾ϵڵ֮жԳ֣ɼ˫һ֣ռ֮оȻֱ飬˺ڶǿա
˺ͨԪǾϵͨ
¦ճˣߣռ䶼˺飬һУҪʧȻ䣺ӣ
ɶ񡭡
¦ճ˴ޱǿգΪûоһɱĴֵʵֻܽ˾֮У
˭룬¦ճ˻ֶΣʩչһƻѾ᲻ɴǣһӣ˳ȥ
һȺϣ߸ãҪȥ׸ʹߣ
һͰ֮Уһ޾ͳͷʥ̩λ汾ԴͬĻԴ֮ɫʯǰ
ʯǳ
õ
ҶԽޣһֻڿռ֮б仯ѾףɱҲ׼ãһ޵õ񣬾ͻ̶֡
񣡣
¶̰Ŀ⣬һ죬ſָץȥ
ǧɱ
ۿҪץҶҲҪһ̣ʯϷʯΪԲȦһնɱκʵĹ⻪
ɶ񣡣
ֻŽͷһ֮⵲ǰѾ޷ܣʩչǹ⻪̫죬̫ͻȻǷҲִܲ١
䡭
⻪ɢͬɣ޷赲شһޣǻ˲ͬλʧ⻪ͻȻ侲ϳֲ˼΢Ц漴ȻըΪһ⣬ⶼ⻪ա

Ǿ޷ӦҶȷ֮ʱҲ޷ܹ⻪̫һԶ壬⻪װһ𣬾Ȼǿᵲס⻪Ҷȴ⻪Ƴ֮ԶͣĵþȻһ롣
ҶȾ̾Ȼ޶ɱҲ´Һ̫һŨѾﵽܸһ״̬ҲҲҪзϣ
ȻôǧͼϢҪǱ¶֮룬϶ᱻֽɱ
ޣôţȴ֪һжϷ̤壡ʱ¦ճȻˣϢȸղŸǿ޲ࡣ
ԭ¦ճھǰܣǹϷľ޷֮У
ҶǿˣЩϹŶǹƶ˰һСģпܲЩһµĿӡ
Ϊ̳𣡣
ʮ˵׽̸֣ȻһѷɱŭѪۣû˿֮ɫ
Ļþ
Ȼǳռ䣬һǿߣΪ¦ճͬϹŶʮɰ˽ף˼飬һ֣ǳռͿʼ޷ŴȻͬһ̫Ұ޴죬׽иֶС
ԺȻһ
һĻҶҲ겻ѣԺһУ͵׽ϹȻҶҸղûг嶯̰ɱ˫ۣ򣬲òҲ˶ӡ
ͻͻͻ
ԺϹŶ֮ʣͻȻӳϿ֮УŤسһ֣Ȼκ󷨣飬֮κνƶ޷赲ֱӶƿռ䣬ӿռ֣ѳץġ
ٿȻʧ


429 ̩սǧ
һ̣ͻһֻ֣Ȼѳƿնߡ
¦ճһϹŶ۾ֱˣǧ㣬Ȼûϵ־֮ҲܴƣֱͨԪ֮
εΪڡ
ޱߣڿֲǼʷ籩λ籩Σʯؼǿֲѹɰ˽׽Ҳֻͣ
һǿߣͨԪ֮ͻȻԾͨԪǾϵ֮κνƶ˺飬ֱӰѳߡ
뾧ϵ׷
¦ճʮϹŶͻȻ񷣬֮ƿʼʧһƬʥȻ硣
ֶΣ򣬾ʮ׿¶ѵǧ䱾٣
һ̣գɢ˵Ҷȣüͷǿգʩչǧͼβȥ
Ҷȼƻƻ׽̵õԭž䣬͸һ䣬Ҳ޷õ֪·ɱ˿ǿߣԺϹŶǰذѳߡ
֮̽ƣ޷ֹ
ԽգоƾͷĲ񷣬ֿɼѾﵽ֮߶ȣһʰ쵾ϵͨԪǾͷ
ͨԪǾϵȷ̣ȻܰѾϵƣεͨ
βԺڸϵ֮УҶȾͼһ鶴ڣһɫ⻷ڶʧڶ֮⣬ֻڷ֮ǿա
ɶ񡭡
Ժ˽뾧ϵʹ֮Уֳֻ뿪ϵЩϹŶ޲׷ɱȥһ뿪ϵ벽벽֮⣬ǹµǿգʮ׽УҲᱻǿɱολ籩
¦ճĲʡ˳ۿų˶ߣǰȴް취۸żΪ޷ʱ̤ϵ֮׷ɱˣ
ѵֻŵ˶߳񣿡
ǿԹصȴ޲ߣǿգѾǷ̤Ľء
ȷҪ׽̶ߣҲǶԷ֣ðգ᳽񡭡
ʩչǧͼϢͨԪǾϵ֮зɳǿգǿ֮зУСĿǰֻʧĺڹ֮УŷһǿߣС
ʱ˿̣ҶҲ¦ճЩϹŶͬװ׿ų׽Уȴ޷ֹ˭öԷѾԽɾֲֿԺ䣬ǿ֮ҲǶ֡
ǿգص棬κ鶼޷ڣֻţǴﵽ˾磬ʯһ᲻ɴݣƽǿգǿ֮۳ҡ
ȻǷǡȵԡˣ
ҶȼԦǧͼؿǵڹ⣬ʮӺڹ֮õӰƣܵǿԣʮٱ
һˣ
ǧ䡭ȻΪ˶ȡȻԳۺԣѾ̩ӣ
¿ûϣˡǧﵽ״̬Ҽ칭Ҳɱ˵һôܰװվɱˣ񡭡
͸ǹ⣬Ǹ߼ΰӰ֮УҶȿһһʯ֮ϣˣƻ׳ۣһˣҶһǧ䡣
ֻ͸ǳҶⱻǳ󲿷֣Ҳֻģǧ䣬ջֻ֡
ǧ䣬õ񣬸ƣ
ҶȿųϾҪǧУӶ֮ʱȻһ֮ӰһԦһʯֱһԵسǧڵĺӰȥ
̩ӣ
Ҷȵһ·ɱĳҧ𣬼ԦʯǿƣϢҶϤȻ̩ӡ
䡭
ǿ֮бһĿ棬ǿ֮зըһ֣ǿɡ
ʧıըâ֮УһɫʯվƯţһɺɫ⻷һʥ׹ƣڲɱѹ񣬷ŷҪߣ£ǿš
ϧ̩ӡǧԴӡţ޷ȡǿϧϧ
ǿƯѹҶȿһĻȥ϶ߣֲȥǿѹ˭ȥᣬҶ칭ȥ䣬ǣ˵ҪƻߣͲǰõ
Ҷȹϣʳ޷õ鷴ӦҪȴֲҪ
ǰͲҧߣȴ⣬һ˻̲ȥ
ǿ޵и־Ȼǿ֮н֣
ͨԪǾϵ֮УʮλԺϹŶǿձըϯײϵовоͨԪǾϵʱ飬𾪵ǣȻԦʯǿ֮н֡
εεΪ
ȻָѹϧѽϧҪǿߣǾͿԳᣡ
ڸ֣
¦ճֵǧҪ˼ˣѾɾʿпܣǴ˵еˡ
¦ϣɣԽɾ˵Ĵڣˣôܴڷ磿ɻ𺳣¦ճʵ
һֱ޵ɽλ棬żȻкܶܣ˭Ҳûۼˣǣոնȡ֣϶׽̵ǿߣпܣ׽λɽ罵ٵǿˣ
һ֣ǿ֮жսȻҲǳԽʮ׵Ĵڡ룬ѹסܶһŭǣͨԪǾϵʱǾд鷳
ֻо䣬ȴֶ취
¦ճ֮мʶ㡢ŵϹŶȻԱвҲɰ˽׳ǿߣȴҪһء
һڣ߽ʼĿתעǿκϸ΢仯
̩ӣ
ǧ䣡
ǿ֮УԳΪĵҷԲ֮ڣӰֳ̩֮ӣҲǧ䡣
һ̣ϾͫȻ¶ĲɱЦ⣬һƳμЦݣ˿
ǧɽλ棬ɱ̩̩ң̩ӼȻƽͣŭɱȻϵ
ҶȿһĻҲЩ⣬ˣޡˮ𣬿ԩ·խȻ֮治ɫ
ǧ̩˵ޣ̩ңһ壬Ȼ׽̩ӿ϶Ǻ׽̣޲ð׽̲ǧƤңڱֳȴ侲
־ľƿҶǱ޳Ī
̩ȿڣЦǧ䣬׷Ҷˣɽ絽½磬ɽɱң̩λ棬ͲҶ֣
̩Ҷˣһ©֮㣬ܷʲô̩ӣ㻹Һǿѣ֮䣬ޣֻ׽̶Ը̩ңֻ˫һ΢ӶѣǧȻڰ֣Ҫ£̩ӡ
ӣ
̩֮ǧ䣬һ·׷ɱ½磬һõǼҪǵľɣ뻢ıƤ֪һл·
ǧЦ̩ӣ㻹ǲϵúãû˵֮䣬һսֻҪԸǼó̩λ棬һϣҲΪ㣬ҲüǺңҪ׽̣
Ǽεǿ׽̵õһ֣һֱ̩õ̩ҽﲻɣһųն̩ӵϣû뵽̩棬ͰǼ½磡
ڣǧ䣬㲻ԸԳ㻹ǳ񽻸ңҿԲɱ㣬ôΣ
£ֵ̩ӷԸǧ䣬˶ǿķǣһ䣬һ䣬ûһ滰
Ȼϣ׽½磬׷ɱ̩ӣ̩һ飬Ϊһ
ǿԶҶȰ˶ԻһֲڶȻ򣬵ڣ鶼
Ǳﵽʲô̩壬׽һõϧ½ͬѰһǿ칭ľ
ǵõһõ̩λͻΪ
Ҷ˫ȭ߬쳣Ҫ̩ӡǧõ̩λҪɲ뱻˲ڽ¡


430 Ժ֣1
̩ӣ˵ôССһͼλ澫ʲôδҪõλ汾ԴָʵԸ㣬ѡͷң
嫵ǿգӣһڶʱʱ˸һǼʷ籩ӡϯγɷ籩󣬾ʯУͻᱻʴһУͻࡣ
ǧԦڰǳâϺƻ׳ۻ죬˫ͬǳǳһȫںϣûκųǿ֮Ҳûκ⣬ΪˣѾﵽ編۷塣
Ϊ׽̳½ʹߣǧɷƵʵ۸߹󣬷ŷͬΪ˵̩ӣУҲҲһ
ͷ
ҶͻȻһоͬ죬̷һóħϢϹ
̩ӲŭЦǧ䣬ֱǳ룬ͷϱȻ̣׽̽оһսռٰɽ磬㱳ѵоˣ
оǰֻǽӣǧҲһս׺䱦ҵõоҲ·һ̩ӣҶˣ㲻Ҷ֣ȴնɱ㣬ΣҰѳ㣬½λָ֮ʵսͷңһǷһԳΪͬˣ
ʱһͬصɽ磬ҰпԸ㣬ؽ̩ңǽҲҪҵõսףҺѰ취ɱɱȥͷܾˣǵòʧǿǰɣ
ǧֻһʼø̩ӡ
ϴʲô£ôҹҪС
̶ʱ䣬ͻȻҶԱ߲Զǿգ𵭵籩һħ߳һµĳħֳ
ˣˣ
ųҶһԣħûʼ䣬̱ǰɾ߼Ŀ⣬һ¶һЦ˫ͫʱħ⣺ˣһɣһֻɣʵ룬ϴҪҪˣȻҪһѪȴʳˣ
ʳǣȻҪѪ˾޴ۣˣ̩ʶһ˾׽½̳ʲôͷսףƺʮӣ֪ʲô
ٻħΪľŪս׵Ǻַħ𲻵ħ𣬴ڤе֪ħʲôĿ齫ҶȾ֪Ӧʲôա
սף
ħͻȻһۣǳ֮Ҷȶ΢΢ǿΣħͻȻϾսףֶôˣ
Ȼͬ죡ҶȺı
ϴսһʮƷеľ칭Ҫ߼Ķ࣬ΪʮƷ쾵ƷɽѾɾӣ칭Ǽֵǣһɽ֣һѪȷ磡
ʮƷеĶڣǧͼžһʮƷпܳԽʮƷﵽһַ豹ľ磬սͬҲһʮƷǽϵĳпܣҲѾԽʮƷΧﵽǧͼָ߶ȴڣ
ɽܹϵʱֹһˡһͳɽλ棬ɱϧڵܣɴĶӣصɽ磬ɽ侮ʯɱɴΪֲܿﵽɵ۾۷Ĵۣ
ϧλɴ̫ʲôطҪĽأɴҲб£ɱڵʮ˲磬۹ϧʮ˲һǿŪѣһ·׷ɱصɽ磬ͱɱĳսҲ֪֮٣
ս״ɴô˵еʯɣ޴󣬲òսȥսףΪеս֮ʱѾǳԽ󲿷ֲڣǧͼһĴڣٸԪȥսҲѾҽԽʮ״ڣ
ɽλ棬ٸԪȥĳۣսסǧͼЩ֮µĳϴս׿Ǻñû뵽ͷһֻڷ磬һۼսףȻõɴ۴УΪɽ粻Ĵۣ
ħһϸϸ˵ЩħҲһ겻ѣѿսҲǴΣõ
ԭˡɴۡսסۣ
һİۣҶѪţѪӿйȻûоͷɾʲôɴЩ
ԭͷǱʲô̩̩·硭ֲãܻڷ磡
ħִҶȿУõһУһתϴ׽ҪõͷѾõսײ֣սͷסսѥԼ֮Ĵ󲿷ɣ׽ٵõһ취ռĴ󲿷֣ʲôоͻΪɵۼĳ֣ҿ׽ֻ͵ɽλѣʲô
Ҷϸ˼ͷӷӵһμ̩ӣȻҶȺȻЦǧõͷƣȲҪ֣һῴ׼ʱ᳽񣬿ͷһǲ̩汦֮Уۼг񣬲ܴ򿪱⣬̩ͳһ̩λ棬õУֻбԴܴı⣬һ
ħͬҿƲȷ׳֣ˣĿǰʵҪʱķѴһѪˣһ£ǾͲˣҾܴﵽɵȼ
ǺǣҲҪǿĸ
ҶޱڴҪһˣҶҲͻɾɱˣ̸ףɱˣ˲ܰװ׵ȥɱֲͨ
ҶҪͻɾҪǿ֧֣˭˿ֲҪ˰ٱǧҶԺΪԽߣҪԽ࣬
Ҿͱٷϻȥǧ䣬ҶܳΪͬˣ֮䣬ֻս
ǳ֮У̩ͻȻͷһƣƣȻԱ߲ԶһʯƷˡ
ǧҲһ֣һ׳޳ϣ졢Ļ泤ޣǧ޺ĸףǻʵۣͷŰϢʮֲֿϤϢ̩ġıʡҵĶ֣ôҵĶ֣Ϊȫıʡ
صϢ׽ҲеֶΣǹɺף򵥣
ǧ份ޣħǿӣǺףóħֵ㵱顣
ġԡޡȷﲻɽ磬̩λ棬Ҿߣе磡


431 Ժ֣2
̩ȶ֣ͻȻһ֧ͨĺɫëʣϰ벿־Ȼȱһأұʺܲһƻ֣ͬɽʡ
ıһ֣̩Ӷǧһʻ
ٿ
һ˺Ϊһʷ棬ϯǿգֲ籩γ籩ǧɱ
ԡԭ
ǧɫ䣬ղǷʮ㣬û뵽̩һȻõ̩λ汾Դϣһʻؾ۱䣬һ壬һ
ֱһǷԡͻȻ趯һȼյĻ泤޻Ӱֱͬ籩ɱɨ
ֲǿֲ˾Ȼǿ֮жҺûг֣һ籩ܰ׽ɱ
ͨԪǾϵڣԺڸޱ𺳿ǿһĻˣ⣬ȴǻء
䡭
ǿ䣬籩ȼճʼײǿշڲɱǧ̩ӻͶ֮䣬ķǿ֮УжƻҪⳡսͨԪǣ򶼳ܲסٴƻճ١
ǧ䡢̩˭ûóȻƶ룬֮κһֻҪƻң¶㣬ͻᱻԷߡ
һǿսʮΡٴΣʮʮҹȥָ֮ѣҶȻδܵ͹ȥˡ
ϴ˿϶öãͻסʱлᣬȥ᳽񣬾ͻ˹
ħ˿ҲżҶվ֮У˶δ˿˿
̫ǣǬ֣֮
˶ֹ˶ս֮ʣӳϷȻһΰͶӰҶųץȥ
̫ǹԺѧٶȺ̩ͨλ汾Դϵ˽ܣǹԺ䣬ԭͶӰ᳽񣡣
Ҷüͷһ壬ǳֵӰȻ̩λ汾ԴֱӴԽǿն
̩һмӰ᳽񣺡ߡ
һȺϣǧӶԡޣҲûжͶӰ֣һҲĳ񱻶ߡ
䡭
ۿԺ䣬ԭͶӰʩչĴ֣ոҪס֮ʱǲұһƣͶӰָˡ
Ժ䣬ԭСֻηηβ̩λ汾ԴͶӰȡ̫ѱ˰ɣ
ǧ俴һĻĴЦ
ԭͶӰǿһɱԴΧ£ʼֳһް߰׵ˣ̷һԻƵ£ǧ׽̳ǧ䣿ǴŲ٣Ȼһˣߣаȡλ棬Ҳǳ룡
ڱǰǶһȺϣʲôԺҪģǧȻƽȻ¶Ժԭ䡢ݡ
ԭҲ׽̵ˣҿ֣ԸΣ
Ȼ̩߳ǼԭͶӰһЦݵĵ
Һԭ͵һü̩ӣֻܵˣһ׵ĸоһ̩λһȻں
һ˺Լԭɿ˵£һˣεԭһˣôӦ
ԭ㵹ͷ侲ûܵƻ֪ǰˣɽλ棬ǾʤҪԸԺǧƺЩģԭ汻̩˵ġ
ҰġԭöԹĿ⣬̩ӡ
ߣһˣʲôҹ̩Ӽ޷ɿԭͻȻֱӳֳԭһ
̩֣ô÷񣡡
̩ӶԼԭͶӰһ̣ǧץסᣬ̩Ӿһ
֮磡
һ̣ͨԪһϵ֮Уټһ̫ǣһ͸̩λ汾Դ֮ûܵǿ֮ѹȣ̫ͬžޣǿ߽֮ʣһ°ѳ룬ʼ
ʲô
ǧ䡢̩ӷ׷ֹͣų񱻹ߣȻڹ֮бըֲҪѳǹͷ̩λ汾Դ֮ǳ֮ѹҲ޷ȫݻ٣װ׿ų񱻶ߡ
ԭ⣬Թ޿ͨԪǷ򣺡Ժǧ
䡭
ʱһʥĹ⻪ִǹ֮гץȥ
ԺϢ䣬ƣ
û뵽䶼ˣҸıϵƳ񣬲ûֺûԸǧ䣡
ҶȿͻȻĹ⻪͸ܵͬԴϢԺ


432 Σһ
ԺԭǧơȻˣҲƺΣԣ֪һǧ̩ӵõǾͻһΪ
Ȼһ֣ϲǧ䡢̩Ӷ֣ȴԺ˶Կ
Ժ̳֣һǰֱӳ֣᳽Ҷȶٸо㵣Ȼʵˡ
˽֣һͶӰ˵ԺȻɰ˽ΪԺʵȴԿˡ
ǰ̩۹ܣʮҾ棬Ժֱõݳ񣬾ǿóں̩λ汾Դ֮ԺΪ̩λ޷İ
꣬ĸó̩λ汾Դ˳ʱ䣬֪Ժ̩λ汾Դںϵ̶ֳȣڿǲ˼飬ñԴԺ䣬ֻͶӰѣͿԺǿգ˱ȼ硣
䱾һ̩λ汾Դ֮ϸͨʵѾ쳬Խɾﵽ˵ز
ʵﵽָ߶ȣȷ˼
̩λǺʵİɽλ桰½²ܳϦ֮Ͱݻ٣ʵչ¶Ժ̣󾢲
֣Ȼ˵壬ʱ򻹶ԱԺû٣
ͷͨԪǾϵڣȻһߴͶӰͶӰͨԪǱԴͷŹճ񲻶ϻգͶӰԺ䣬ǧ
ǧͶӰֳҲһλˣŨüۣȧ͹˾̻ɣӵһơ
һλʿһЩ֮ǧȻͬԵԺԭһλʿƺ쳾ĵߣ䣬ԸԲͬһһݡ
䡭
ͻȻɱҪȡеĳ񣬽֮бһƻ֮ѽȻ顣
֣ԺѾ޷ػа֣֮£ͶӰҲΪ֮һ𣬳׷ȥĮ
Ҿý˵ķǳȷԺѾûʵ֮󣬲Լ˵õֶԸа̣
ŽͶӰ׷ɱǼԭͶӰҲɱͨԪھǧϸһЦ
λʲô˼Ҷ֪ôԺҲάͬ˹ϵһ˺İԺ£Ժᴦ
ҿҿʼֶԸаɽƳѾķɻѣ˭Ҳܶ
ǧ˫֣һͨԪǾϵͷŸӻλ汾ԴԽҫۣͿ챻ͨԪǡ
¦ճЩϹŶǧֶⷬΣ̧ͷŷǧеľݡ
ϷǺϷԺҲȡϴ㿴ŰɣǷܿģ
ǳ籩֮УҶħȻز˻ʱ̣ͷԶѣԽԽΣա
Ժϼ޻Ҫ棬ûȤҶȵһЦȷңκʱҪ侲
ʱ˿̣Ժ䣬нԭ׷Ϲǳֲ£ع⻷ҲԽ֮䣬ҲĻϲ⣬ȳ²֣˭õǷݳ
𣡣
ͻȻһ֮γһطڳΧ΢Ϣ֮УͻأĿȻը
¡
ըֱӰѹըϣŷо޴ѱըеĳֱץߣ˷ȥ
ͨԪǾϵڣǧűըãܵӰ첻СҧгݡĿ⺮ɶ񡭡ɶ񰡣
ǿ֮ϣһǳ֮ļԭµ۷ŷͬ磬⣬Ƶ֣ԷˣҪִжسһõǽв
ƴӱը籩֮зɳǸղǰۻ룬ͶӰҲ֮ǰЩ޲ʵؿ˷ŭɶãΣҲǵõǽ̩λ޴ѣɶ׽̣ȻɢƳ棬ԼԺ
ԺҲòȥƳǻԭ֮٣ܿͻλȼ׽Ϊõ񣬾Ȼõ˲˵
Ժ䣬ԭͶӰԽ񣬷ŷǳ֮λ汾ԴΪ
Ժ̷ǰͨԪҲͷһǧͶӰͨԪǱԴӻҲ뿪ͨԪǣ֮С
䡭
׷ϳ֮ʣǧ䡢̩ˣȻ͵ضһƣץһƶϣͷų̱Բλ淭ڷ籩
̩Ӵӷ籩֮зɳּӿٶȳȥǿ֮У̩ƽأǳκ޷赲
ͷǧҲ׷ݺݺȵǧ䣬ҵģõͷܣɴ۵ĴУһҪõ
ɴ۵ĴУôܱõߡ
ǧգ۾׷̩ӴﵽƽУһ֣һ޾ͳ̩ӺȥͬͻȻʳ
ƣ
ͻͻͻɨǿգǿշ籩ɢǾˣԺ䣬ǿճ֣ǶһԴ̩λ汾ԴɣΪܳʱǿ㡣
˾ˣǿȥ磬̩ӷһƣͳѹȥֱֲӰǼʷ籩볤ǿ֮лײ
ǧ䡢̩ڶһжɱʱ̾Ҫ٣ȻغսرҾһҪõ
ǿһĻĻս𡢷籩䣬ҶȸоʱԽԽѾʼɱУϾԺһԻ񣬴ʹ˲Ķгɱ
ħ֪ҶҪ֣ϴ󣬻ҳְɣȻҵڻ޷ﵽ˽׶Σǣң۵壬ҪǿӲ
ҶҡҡͷһϺһذҪԳ֣Ҳóѹ֮ӵдǧͼλǣȻֻͼ飬ڷλݺᣡ
ãҪԤκ⣡
ħҲִҶȵĺеһ˰г֣ǵòʧˮһգ鷢һɵۣɽϵĴۣεϣ˸ڻڰǾ
ಡ
Ҷ񣬴ǧͼʼͷųλǿշŷŤҶȲУͷŷǿںϣʧ
սףԶų۵õսףͿܵõɴ۴У۵ĴУǾɽ磬ߵĴڣҲֻһۣɴ۱һһأ
۵ĴУ˵ҪҵѡˣǾ߱⣬һҪõ
ҶСսѾܵ˶սɢķ籩лλѹҪ˸ֱѹƵġ
λǾȻɽۻǵȷˣڷ磬ԴԽˣǻ֣
ǧҲսǿգԶĽơԭȻûж֣һֱڰԹۣȻֱһָһͳѹȥ
ߣ
ٿٿ
ơԭҲǳصģԭȵǧ䡢̩ӶһȻץס߳񣬵ڣǧȻҲò֣ԴһԼץȥ
䣡
ʩչոץɱһġ
һģһ֣Ҳǲܣɢ֮ôܴǰ߱
һȺС֮
ǧ䡢̩ڶܵڲߣΪ裬ץȥ
Դӳ֣
ʱ˿ֱ̣ӶȡҲʼʩչǿλ汾ԴԴץȥ
ǳ֮пȥԳΪģ֣ͬʱʩչǿҪȡ
죬죡
һ˲䣬һ֮֮ݵػǿգٶҪһأǧͻȻгֲѳǿ˲ʧ
䡭
һж˲Ϣ֮䷢ڴ˿̣ҲڳԭƬǿգͬʱǿնһɾ޴Ļ濪ʼ˷ҰѰһӰֱɣʧˡ
ɶ񡭡
ˣ˭
ǧ䡢̩ͻȻڳʧطľͷ˿ſյǿգʲôҲûУƾʧһ㡣
ûõҲûõããã
ͶӰͿʧղȫһѾûж֧ǿռȥȻֻͶӰǿ֮ҲҪܵޱѹȡ
˼ԭһۣͶӰͳ򽥽ʧԭҲʧֻʣǧһڣԺرջûס


433 
񣡣
һƬ֮УһӰһ
̺ڹ֮£Ӱ߳һˡΪǱҶȣץųҫҡҫ£ͷʰ쵹â
ϴ󣬸Ͽˣ
ʱħΪһӰһ֮߳һҶȣһġ
ǻ̫˵ߣ
ҶȴŴ˵ħͷһ֣һɺڹͰ֣Ȼ֮С
һԾλ籩ֵ̫ˡ
̫ǣعȻһŤУһڹ֮нҶȷӴһӣͰҶħ֮ӭӶ
Ҷѳ񽻸ȻһعǬߵͿʼûգͳʱ
ˣرһΣˡԺ䣬֮ˡ
죬ʱȫӡһ̫Ǿϵʼ仯ʼ֮е
̫ǾϵȻ󾧱ϵ󷨿ʼ˶ʼ뾧ϵײ֮С
Ҷ̤ͨŽף޵̫һҶֻҪһ̫Ǿ޴󾧱ϵͻ仯ǻû󷨵ȵȣʵṩҶ̫ںԽԽ
Ͷ֮䣬ҶȾ̫ܿκαԴɽХĿֲͬԺ䣬˶ԿȻû̫ǣҶʵҲ˿⡣
ҪˣûͻͨʮףȥԺ򣡡
Ҷڿ󷨣һֶҶȰԺ׷ע֮У̸Ժ汾Ժ
ȵ
̫ǱԴں֮ͬںˮҶӿһյ塣
ȻǾһҲһĶǶᱦ
տʼԺͨԪڲ֮磬֮УӾ¦ճսУõΪþ޵õҶȾھ޶֮ʣ᳽֪ոն֣޾ͱնɱҶҲ˲ᡣ
˭֪Σ仯ۣǧԳ֣ϧͨԪǾϵκ󷨽ƣȻ߳
һлû̩꣬ӾȻŷ֪ǧҪȡǿ֮еȴǧ䣬᳽񣬺ԺɱȡҶȿ׼ʱðΣմֲֿ£ѳߡ
һУҶȻЩ£Цˣ۾ǣˣһ̫һȫһգֻн֮ȻӡţѪеͳͳĵ
Ҷһֽƣ͵ƿݽߵ״ָ̬окܳʱûйڵΣսأҶҲû¶ƣ̬
̫һͷһŪǱ˭Եˣһ
Ҷȿʼ̫ĹչգӿǬߵ׷ӿʮҲʼݽߵһƢо
ҶԴȪ֣Ҷŷú괺꣬ȫգŷһ㣬ҶͷŽڲΪӣ̫һɣ̫ɷҶڷָ֮С
ȻٶȾˣҶȻָ֮ǰ״̬ҲǼɣƵʣҶ֮У˾̫̫࣬ΪѸ֮Щ
һ졢ʮ졭һ¾ôȥˡ
ԽߣʵԽǿҪʱԽ̫࣬ǿٶȾȻҲһ²ȫָ
Ȼ֮䣬ʧҶ˫ۣ֮ͫУһع
ڣҶִﵽͨŽ۷״̬Ž۷壬Ҫͻʮ״Բһ룬̶Ȼ硣
񡭡
һץһɾ޴ĳҶǰֳҶȾ͸о̫󷨶ܵӰ죬ʼԶǿ̩֮λ澫ɣҶǰκϢҪܵӰ졣
һλ澫ҶЩ⾪ϲû뵽һôҶȾֱ̩λ汾Դ̫ںϣô̫ǾͻΪͨԪǡƮʥء
̫ǲ̩λһںϳ̫Ǿܱλ֮Ϊλȼĸ߼
Ժ֮ԳΪλʥأΪں˳Ժںλ汾ԴκҪ߼ʮٱȻ°빦
һںϳ񣬵õ̩λ汾ԴϿɣҵ֪ߵʲô̶ȣ̫ҲΪȼƮǵĴڣ
񣡣
һ̫ǾľֳҶűԴͬϢλ澫ǰǵͼ̫ࡣ
λһλǺ
̫һ
ָſͻȻץס񣬶ʱ֮䣬̫һƶγת״ų񲻶ϺХ
ˣ
ƺоΣգƺЩعĸζȻ𶯣λ澫εȵ̫һѹ£ȻҲҪ
̫һͬƵĽ볽֮У̺ܻʱҲһʧʮ֮󣬱̫һĳ·ȫ̫һڲֳͶӰ
ںϣ
Ҷһںϵ̫ǾȻʼ飬̫һݻ£ʼѣ̫֮ŷһ㡣
֮ڣʿоطŷҪ٣ڰ޹⣬ʧȥÿ˺أ֪ܺεȿֲ¡
̫ǣ̫ܵӰ죬ǣƺҲʧȥٹ⻪
ô£
Ǿϵ֮Уһ۵ʥ칫һλ޵ǿػ£ھϵ룬ʥ칫Ǿϵһʵף鶯ˣȶˡ
һϳ߳ʩҶʲô̫ͨǾɱΣͨһɣƬ̫ٴзظľ޴仯
ȻˣǾȺ򣬴ȥѹţʥ칫һ£𽫾ͷڲ
¡
ͻȻ̫Ϸ̫ϷǿգȻһƬŤͬһں
㿴̩λ汾Դ֮ᡭҶǵõ˳ѾƿλѾӴ̫֮ﵽ۹Զʱ۷壡
Զţʱû̩۹ʱһսҵʱʥ۾λ棬λ漸ʥأҶθıƬλ֣Ǿ;ϣصǰ۷״̬
ϳҲ˵
û뵽һ֮Ըʱɣߣعʳǣʽ
ʥ칫˫ͫ⣬鸴ӣѹ£һŮӱ˳ܵѹҪ޴תһɴ󳼡عڲ
һϵ۹Ҫա
Ũҵλ汾Դ֮֮֮ͳͳ桭Ȼ˭ںϳȻõ̩λںϣ
̫ǵع֮УҶȾȻſ죬չλ
ţԱߵĳȫ̫һȡıԴȻ̫һա
̫һں˻̩λ治вһܵͼѣ̫һǰڻع󺣣عĸ塣
Ĳ񣬾Ȼ̫һ£ΪҺ壬ľӨҺͬˮһʼע볽֮С
ٿ
õںϣ͵һת˷һʥâѵع
󣬱ڰɱε̫ǿʼʥĹâʿճһ⣬ʼ￪ʼգÿ˸о֮ǰۺʮʿһ˲䣬ʼͻơ
ͻɣͻɣͻͨ죬ͨһɾЩݴ½İǿߣԭɾֻһ֮ңڵõ룬һһƣɸһһ
ҶҶ𡢾ЩˣҲ̤߽ͨף׷״ﵽԲǵõɵãһʼ׼أ޵ɡ
ããȻϷĴˣǰòͻ߽ףڣ˰£ͻư˽ײöˣ
عɵ죬ʱҲı𾪣һһպȡ̤ɰ˽޵дš
ҶȴӣȻ˳񣬶ңϢȻҲ޷ӦôĺֹȻϷҲܵв
̫ж˲֣һĿռֳǿ棬ӿռ侧ϵֳ֮ͬߣ̫ǡ
̫Ǳ仯Լ۾̩λ汾Դ̫ۼöãƬͻﵽλȼΪһʥء


434 ۷ʮ״Բ
Ϊǿһˣ̫仯ΪУһȥγ̫Ϸγɡ
ˣڲͨŽףʵﵽɾŽ׵زҪȥͻɾ˱ȼ磡
ϵסһֻǳҲǾ
ԣԣ
̫ڣʿ磬ͻƣɡͨ쾳ɾڵ
ʿϲǰݴ½ϣͨ쾳Ѿ񻰣ɾǶôңɼ룬ݴ½ֻܽɾڣһʿ̤ɾݴ½ʿʮǰɣѾӽɣеѾɾ
һԴڲ˼ش֮⵮ͬˮӿ룬еɾ֣ڷ̫󣬶ҲڲߣȼҲ仯仯
ȥ˶᲻뵽̫ǻﵽָ߼״ָ̬߶Ѿ˼顣
棬쿴ҢѾףɹˣ
̫ǻʳڣߴҢƿաɲڽ׸֡
ʱ˿̣ɲڽĽؿҢƿնƯգ֮⣬һڱ仯üһ⻪Ȼ˻ᣬëɵӿ롣
ȣ
ҢƿͻȻۣһĿ⣬ְԵâɣҢƿ΢΢һЦһץɵƿκοռ䣺λֵܣˣˣɵ޷ҽھȻΪҲ֮ͻףλֵܣҲڴͻף⣡
ã
ɲɷ죬ڽаԭ֣̫ҵ۹󻤷עĿ£գʼʩչͷǿơ
Ʒʿ󳼡Ŀɿڴ˵Ҷ˶һ
ɢ޶꣬޵ףҪ̤ףûǲеģ֪̫ûжãȻһٳأ̤ףΪɸ߽޵ǿߡ
ȥ̫һʳʿȥʮ׳ۣ֪ʿλ֮УΪһ֡
ع
ץʱú߽ף
ҶԶ룬ʸɷֱ࣬ǰҶ졢ࡢҶҶȵȺ͵õҶҶʾ仯һ̣Ѿڱչ
һΪҡֱϣһԾǧ仯ˣѾɾ۷壬˶ͻɾڣЩﶼҪ̤ɾ̤С
̫ڲڰΪҫۣ֮Ϊ֮ݡ
Ѿ볽ںϣǳҪȫƿأҪһ󹤷λϢ̫һٴνϣͻͨʮף
Ǭߵ룬Ϊ⸡Ҷǰ񻺻תͷŵ⣬ԴȪڣһۿȥʹ쵣ƺС
̩λ澫ԴڣڲҶȰ̫ǾУʹ̫볽ںϣ̫ǣ̫ҲΪԺָ߼ڡ
ؼһ㣬Ӵ֮ҶȿԿʼա̩λӴԺ̩λ棬ߣڲôǧͼҶҲԶǿ֮зУֻûдǧͼɡ
ҪɴԽǴﵽһָ߶ȣͻɾ
̩λ汾Դںϣôǧͼٴһôǧͼһ򣬸ı
뱾ԴںϣҶ뷨ҲԽ󵨣ڣȻôǧͼʼ򣬿ƿءѹӡֻͨͨ˲ſҶȲͨ쾳ȴ˲顣
ǧͼλ꣬һĿռֻϧڻͼ飬һģҶȲŵõ֣ŻһִǧͼõǧͼͼŻںϣҶȾͿԵõĴǧͼ
ǧͼɲͼ飬ҶȵõԴκλ棬κλʱҶȿݺκλ棬˭֣ǿռ
ĵ̫ѾȫָھǴںϳᣬͻʮף
ܵããλҶһײĸоָо˲͸̫κԶҲӦ
￪ʼγɻУתܿʼǬߵΧӿϵرëȡ̫ǣ̩λ֮λ˻
ʮٹȻҲգǰʮûԸ⣬ؼ߼ںλ澫λ汾ԴλǻһųʮȻӦգɳ
䣬ҶȸоԼеڶƵģڵ֮лغָоת˲ţҶȸӦǿ˲ͷ֣ǵﴫоͿ֮Ȼʮ룬ʮپͿʼͷŽɫâ
ʮҪմ߼̩λ̫ͼֻȥƽ⣬ɽλҪ߳ǧ򱶣һʮֲڣʮٳɳٶȲ֪ڶٱ
һ⿿ȡʮҵԴԴߡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶǸðյļƻǾ÷ʮٽڵǱʮɺٳɳʮٵңԴһڡ
һɹʮڵǱޣôҶȱշӴԺҶ֮ߡ
ʮڽ֮Уٵĸ΢΢תһѴɡڱ𵤣Ҷ徫ҳɳ
ˡ
ںϳɹ
ȻƯҶǰĳ΢΢һͨ廯Ϊ󣬲̫ǵ֮УľԼ϶ΪһͬһűʯԶǶ̫ڲ
ɣҶһʱ䣬ӿʼڣ¾Ͳ֪ȥȥʱʿ˵ָ֮͹ȥˣҶȺȻھǳʮ׵ʱ̣ʼɡ
һһɵʹӴ޽ɳҶϢУҶȿʼһӡλ汾Դһǳʥ˷ӿ룬Ҷȿȥǳ֮
ӡϵشӿ룬Ҷ󺣣֪Ҫɡն
ɵ
ǼȥһɵˣҶһ̵ۣһɵڿʼһɺϯȫ
Ҷȵë׿ʼͷʥâƤҲԽ͸һɹػƤ֮ߣͬһ̾ҶڣӽŲͷһֱزͣС
ɵ
գۼйȥˣҶһһɵͽȥˣֱԷһ㡢򵥣ͰɾɵԽоɵҶǰΪαۡ
ȥҶһɵǰǰǰ¹ȥҶȾȻɵ
ɵˣͻƼ磬Ҷ˵һ綼ûͻƣǲ
λ汾Դɵǿٱֻں̩λٷ֮һҪȫںϣͻɾҲգ֮£
ˣʮס
ǰ¹ȥҶ˫֮ͫͫУȻͷһƹʥ⣬ա
ɵ볽ںϣҶȴﵽͨŽ۷壬ڻһ֮ң̤ͨʮס
ֻҪ̤ͨʮףҶȾ̤ɾһΪɸ֣Ҷκι˼ɣֱնɱˣɽλ棬Ҷȵ̤ͨɾҶȾȫȼ˵ʵվڷۣ֮ǧ䡢̩½ˣҲնɱ
Ҫʩչ칭ҶȿֱԴδ˸֣նɱ̤ɾҶڷ磬κζ֡
ͣ
һʼҶγһ״̬֮ʼȼ
ȼգһ޴¯ٴγ֣ڻ¯֮ϣȻʮٵӰŷػҶȡ
¯֮󣬷ȼգ¯֮ϣֹϵ·صԣҪǴ˿̱˿һ۾ͻ֪Ҷӵвԣ˿ҲҶ֡
ͨʮףԲͻưɣ
ҶͻȻٽӡ¯ԽңҶ˶ڻ֮У𺣣ʱᱻʳңҶͫ䡢ǿ׶ͷһʥ⣬Ȼͣʥģ̺ԡ
ʵϣԴ̫һȡ̫֮Ҷڵԣùϡȶأ֮Ϊʥǳ̫ǿʢģ̫֮һȴǱطâͨȴΪϵܡ
䣡
¯ðɾ޴󣬶һ涼Ǭߵ󶼴ݻ٣عʿ컹ҶԶЩˣǿҸܵһɻĻ־ը
Ȼ𣬵£һоǻ־ŭ
ͨʮףɣ
ҶͻȻӣһ֮⣬ҶΪģ˷ѻ¯͵һ𣬽Ҷ˫ȭڻ¯֮ϡ
꣡
¯Ҷ˫ȭ飬ЩƬûʧΪΧȼգҶȴ˿Ưڻ֮ϣһ֮ͷųһڲ̫һƵҶȡ
ž
Ҷȵڱըϵرըһ˽һˣûֹͣҶܱըָоܣʹ࣬һˬζ֮ӣ봺꣬Ƣ˷θ
ըҶϲϵظһδαըһδε飬ûаͣЪһȥֱըֹͣʼڲѪϸһһʼ顣
ϴ̩λ汾Դ֮֮ҲʮٵĹ
ϵڽ֮лصò˥ϵŷʮҲڻȸԾӭǿ嵮
л棬ᣡ
ʮ飬ҶȵƽҶ̴һץѻ¯ƬΪĻ棬һ죬ͬϺƵģȫУƬҶ壬ȥһڸء


435 ʥ
ͨʮ״ﵽԲ۷壬֮䣬ܸоڶ֮ǳ־ܶסãͬǳɶλ棬γƽγɣﵽ۷塣
Ҷڲ˱仯һͬӣаӿײѪΪ⣬Ө貣Ҳ׳٣н̺һ䳽⡣
ͬʣԲ󣬹ӫһëʣŷһͻ͸һҺ
ͨʮסԲͨ쾳ͷԲоͷֻһֻֽҪƣҾ̤ɾ
һйƽҶ֮ŷͨ壬̩λ汾ԴΪ֮ڣ̫ںϵʮȫʮƬ̫Ҳںϵһ̶ȣ˵ֻ̫ҪҶһܴﵽκλãκ
κҶȶ׸оֻҪһǧ򾧱ϵƣҲܿ磬̣Ҫ죬Ȼ׾٣ֵɡ
̫̫ǡΧЩǧҶħָ죬ǧţ̫ҵ۹ʿķѴѪڻķֲ壬ʮ깦ǧʼ壬ֲ
ҶΪﵽͨʮ߷壬̫ȼѾ֮ǰʮǧȻڷɳפϵʿ𾪿ֲڳɳݽߵĺٴ˺ˮɳĮҲʼֲ
̫ȫȻһ£̩λ߼£嶼ڷˡ
̫ߵȼѾӽԺ򣬽Ҷ̤ɾ̫ǲԺﵽͬ߶ȣ̫ҲˣΪַ
ϧʮٲûжٱ仯̩λʵ̫ͼҶǬߵ룬ɣʼչͨʮľ޴仯ͬʱҲ̶̩ͨλա
ŸƳ汻׽ֲͨԪǡϳս̩λѾȫսʱƳͨͨԪԺһ£ͿʼڹԺԺ
һƽʽ̩λ汬ԺҲԷմͨô𣬸Ƴͬһ𶥴Ұԭ֮ƣ̩λӡ
̩λƺѾӭͷ
ԺʵۺʵȥءӡƳ棬ӿʼҲ޷׸ֻܸһƬƬһ򣬵ǣЧ취ԺҲ޷նƳŶ
ԺԺʧأ֮һ򶼱ΪƳ没Ⱦٶʵ̫죬̫ңȻд󲿷ûдȾԺòǰԤرЩ
Ȼôϵʿ飬ֻо
ԺԺҲòȥ֮һҲʼ³֣һ˴Ⱦʮˣʮ˴ȾˡϵشȾȥֲҲŹΪ֮أֻвǨ㣬Ҳ޷ӹ֮֡
ΪӦƳֲѣԺѧӲ룬ԿΪһ޴ǧ᧿ΣǸһУҲȻڱƳѣȻǿѹԺ£һֲ궯ķΧ֮С
ѧӶڻͬ飬㷲ĸѧƳ没̬λѧҲ޷⡣
ΪƳ棬̩λʿΪ֮ԺȻմͨƳѻ򴫲ȥ̩λΪأ˵򸯶Ƴ٣׹ޱԨ
׽̡̩ûõ񣬿϶ٴζݡԺ֣ټɽ̩ƵȻɽԸ׽̡Ժ
Ҷһһ̩ͨλ޴仯յȻǰѾԤϣҲû뵽̩λΪƳսʱ
׽һѻѻǸƳ棬Ƴɽ綼֣̩֮λֵͼλϻȻ׽뿴ĽԺӲӲԺȻٳֶȡ̩̩֮еͷ
׽ǧΪͷϧһλ棬̩λעԪ֮л𣬳ɽٷǿ̩λ棬̩λ̫ͼҲûκֶɽȡ
׽Ҫ̩λ泹ڸƳ洫һһ䣬ܴĿģõͷ
ھ̫ҵ۹չʱڡ
ȻҶ⣬ϸЦ˶ԸƳĪΪ֮񣬵а˵Ƿʿɽˡ󶼾µ˵ȴǾ޴֣
ʮҪ߼Ϊ֣ҲҪɾʱ޷ʮֲ׽ȴҪʱɢƳֵƳʮҪҲҽɾϣ
ҶĶʱѪƳ˶جΰĴڣǶҶ˵ȴΪ߼κθ߼λ棬޷ǸƳĵа߼ʮȱ֡
ʮٳɳҲʹҶʵӣƳһƽ٣Ҷ˵ȴһ޴ݳ޵Ļ
ʮոƳĵʮȥɱƳ棬в򡢽һҶȾͳΪƳǣ𸯶Ƴ桢֮ЩҶȻռݣһҶȾͲκξͿԽΪ̩λһԺҪ
ˣҶȻΪȾʿƣ֮ˣҶȶ̫ҵ۹һ̫ҵ۹֪ҪʿһǴλ֡
һʮ㹻֣ҶҲõǿһ棬ռ£ƳⳡѣҶ˵
뵽ҶȻѪڣʼû뵽̩λһƽ٣ȴԼѻᣬ׳̫ҵ۹ʵ˵ʵҲп֮ͻɾ
һͻɾڷ֮УҶȾͺ޹˼ɣ޶֣ˣҲնɱʲô׽̡̩ӡɽλ棬ͳͳֻ
񵤣
һץӴ޽ɳݡһҶӿ￪ʼžȼŸݡ֮ＸʶճɻҽһСɫ鵤
̫һᣡ
һ̫һ鵤֮У̫һʼڻ鵤鵤ΪһҺ壬ȼһճΪһѩɫҩҩ͸ǿҩԣһɺ֮ʥ֮ŷѹκξ綾
񵤣ҶרΪԸƳƵĵҩҩʲôҪ̫һҶڵҩ֮ע󷨣һ£̫һ󷨾ͻᴥжжԣڵ֮У޷׸
ֻҪܰж߶ѹĿľʹﵽˣѹжߵҩոĸƳγɹƶӡ
ҪĿľѹжڶԣȻٵγɹƶӣƶӾǸƳ̫һֻҪж֮йƶҶȾͿֱգʮҲ
͡
ҶȿʼƸ໯񵤣̩λ治֪жʿƳȾеĻӲдţѾ䣬ЩŵˣΪҶṩˣңᱻҶ£Ϊ̫ҵ۹һӡ
ˣ
֮Ңƿաɲڽ˺Ȼ̫ҳǽعǬߵ֮УһҶǰ
󻤷ڽһش񣡡
Ҷȱ࣬ĿɭϣһץƿͳڿУװл񵤣ԻⸯƳ涾ԣȻܸȴʱòȾ뿪̫ȥķڸƳӵĵطѻ񵤴ȥ
񵤣סƳֲԣ
ֶ仯յһڸƳ汬شѣ¡
̩λڸƳ棬ν̸ɫ䣬Ǿ֢޷ҽεĲһȾϣջᱻƳʳ
̩λ˭ҲøƳûа취ԺҲ޲ߣڣ񵤾ȻѹסƳ¾綾ǲ˼飬˻ЩҶⷬ
ھ̫ҵ۹չʱ˳ȥ֮ɢ֮ʣԡʥˡɢӴˣʱ˾ǸʥˡҪȡԺʲô׽ҲҪھȥ죡
ָһƿͷҢƿաɲڽϡ
ǣˣ
ͻףΪһ֣ԺԪϣһжҶȴǵģڶҶⷬ˿ɣϾͻףҲȥѫΪҶұۡ
Ңƿաɲڽ涼һǱҶǿֶѹòͷԴ̫Ǽʶ˼ֶΣǿߣҪҶȳپ̫Ǵޱ䣬˳֪Ҷȵжôǿ
ǰͽƻ񵤣ԽԽã
ҶȰ׼õ̫һӣһЩ׷Ǭߵһռɵ졣
ȻóһһԼ֣һգֹͣվҪҵǿʲôز

ֱһͻ֣֮ӲӲҶǿĦҶͬһӲӲҲ˿ѷɫ
һҶ̫ں̤ɾһƷҲ޷ɶ˺
ҶһЦչ


436 ǡǹ
ǣԺ֮һԺ̫֮ڵ֮С
׽ɢƳ̶£ƳѾƬ򱬷ʮѾ֣һ
Ƭ򲻴٣ҲڲҲһ
ڣ󲿷ֳǳضʼʩչƣȫӡƳѾϯ֮ǰд뿪ʣ²Ȼ޷꾭ӪĳɹȥǴƻǾҪΪһ֮ǡ
ǳһǰͻķˣôڴ˴ɵ
дǰˣڣʥˡĵӣõ񵤡õ⣡
һơŵĳǳϿգǧʿڴķС·ǳأȴһǿȫиӡ
ҿûøֶΣĽǿߣŻΪʥ˴ȷʵʵģ
ڸдţʥˣдڵĻ񵤵ȷãٱƳ޵ʿµҩ֮󣬶ûʹ࣬ҲȾҲ޷Σ
Ǹ·ʿǳϿգ۷׷ף˻ЩͶسǳأȥ
λѣǲûɣʥΪλɵΰҪڴ÷ˣΪλĶ֪λѻЩǣõģвɵλȥ԰ɣ
֮ʣһΰͻȻӳǳ֮ͷųһ۵ĺڽ棬һ֣һɺڷʹ֮ϯӿ籩֮УǧŻ˸Ŀ
ǴſѹƳ綾Ļ񵤣
ʿֶȡһſŻ񵤣ڽӴ֮ǰҶĴɻ󣬵֮󣬽Աҩ֮ѾƳ洫Ⱦʿͳ¶ӡ
ಣ
ոշ»񵤣һʥϢͰһɹаɢʿ˸ʥ⻷ڼڵĸƳ棬ȴһѹڵһȾĲλ
գ֮䣬Щһ̬ɻʿ棬ͬˡ
ֻѹƳ綾޷ҪǱԳ֣λ鷳λķȥ˵һºΪ˸Ƴ綾ǻѷַɵ
ڽص˵ΰʧǰ·ǳأһװ֮УһʹĽƹ
ڹ㳡һ챮ʥָҫۡ
û뵽ոշ»񵤣ڸƳͱѹҾ綾Ҳڱȡ˭ɵҳʯ
»񵤵ʿʼķʿ򻯶񵤣ЩʿĻװǾɵ
ܿ죬ʥɵܿƸƳϢǳ״¿ɺãʱʱ̶̿ʥȡ񵤣ˣϢǴȥﵽһʱ䣬ٷӡ򣬿ʼͨǰǣȡ񵤡
ˣԤϻҪ죬ΧҲдʿ٣ãϢͻᴫԼ򣡡
ʥǲ֮УʥڣҶһؿռ䣬ֳһӰ·Ңƿաɲڽ󻤷ڴ֮⣬̫ҵ۹ʿڷַ񵤡
ʱ棬вʿڵȴʥɢ񵤡
ܺãھͲɢϢ̩λѾңΣʥ˻ԽԽԶʿǣԺҲţ
Ǽַ鵤Ƿ˻ʿ߲ܣ
Ҷؿռ䣬һƻ񵤣һ󻤷˵˵仰Ӱʹʥ֮лΪһʧ
ͨƳ涼ѹٳȥԺʥżҪ̤ƽ
Ңƿաɲڽ곤̾һ뿪ȥ̫ҵ۹ʿæµ
ʮһһһٶͳһµʿǡ
Ӵⲻǡšĵ𣿡
һ޴ǳ֮ڽ٣ʥǵڴǳѾٷգʼһػЩϰٵӣȽϿ
ţ֪ⷽĸߡ
ţʥȾ磡
ϰʿոս٣߳ȫɾһ׶׸֣Ľ޵ǿߡ
ɾֳķﶼˣɾֲǣǳ֮ȴվ࣬һŮӷһӳ֣λŮ̧ͷһ̣Ȼš
زһаϢӣȻ
ţȻͬŮһòųòϻһ˿ɣ첻٣ǵ½ƳؼǸšĿˡү
ӭţ
ŵӣɾ֣˲䳯һλٵʩ
ﲻţҲö񣬻ȥʥˡһŮӶɭĮԽӰ
âֹͣһ̣˶ˣһλŮӣһС
λŮӣţȻŵһţ塣
ߣĵţİɣѾüϹָʱڸƳӡסöԴٶ
ͻȻֹסͫ£ס磡
ʱһߣӴʩţû뵽ţҲʥȡɵãЩʥԳأΪ˳׻ⸯƳ綾ʱ̣
ɣǰչˣߣĮȻӦһһӣһٶλֳǳշȥ
ţ
ʥˣڿռƻ񵤵Ҷȣۣ˫ͫ˸Ϥǳ⣺ϤϢǡǹ
ǿҶȶһһＸƿصһŷ𿴵ʲôһҶϳЦݣһӣһƬʧҩâ˸ҶȻ߳
֮һ죬ʮڴԼ˷͸ʿʥΧˮйͨȴ֣ʥֻһ챮κζǻһԶţжС
ʮʿۼ𺳳棬ȴһҲ֣ÿʿɫţľΪЩ˶֤漣ġ
Ƴɽ綼֣֮ʿڻɣʥ׿ɲԳ׿סƳ档
»ӭλѶʥ˵ΣΪرҲڻΪر
һ޵Ӵ֮ͷųţһ޵ĹӰ֮гֳһλλصʥ˵ӣʼķˣʮ㣬һǶɾʿ
ţһ޵ͶӰòʥӰҲ˵ʲôϻŴҶڵȴǲܽλϵĶƳ棬ھλѣŶӽʥ

ʥ˵꣬ʮʿʼӿңʱɲһȭγɿֲɱ¾֮
ס
Щʿɱ¾֮ͿɲΪף̩λİһ֣̾ͼЧʿʼŶӡ
֪ʥʲôˣ
һһʿսľڼλ£ʥˣʮʿĿ£ʥ˹㳡룬κ˶ķʥɾ֣ʿɵһʥſڣͻȻɳһʥ⡣

ʿûκζֿʥ壬һаʥʥ֮С
ʹʥ֮нһͶӰû˿òһ֣ˣȥɣ
ˣ
ʿʵڲףʵڲţƳֲֿԺֶ޷취Ȼʥ˲ͻˡ
ĳ׻ˣллл
ʮʿעĿ£ʿͷԼ鵤٣ȻȻѣҲʿʱĹʥͷ֮˷ȥ
ȻڵϢһöƶӵ֣ʥ֮УҶȵ⣬κζĳһаǸƳ
ҺˣҺˣ
ʥ⣬һλλⸯƳ綾Ȭʿ˸߲ҡ־ϲпЦ뿪ʿΧסʼѯʣŶӵʿҲͲס飬޲Ͼͽȥ
ϻȥʥ˹ȻܻⸯƳ棡
ʿ֮Уزǰ̽ʵۼ֤֮󣬿ʼɢԱȥϢ
ȥҲҪż
ֵ֮ţ뼸λߣšһͬʥ˴֮ڡ
Ⱦң
ʥ⣬֮ǰѾû񵤣ȥ񲻴˫ϥأ̳ʥͷ˿
ɸ֣Ҳò


437 

ͻȻʥͶӰڴϿա
ڵϣھġ˸һʹ尾ͻȻ̧ͷͷؿŸߴӰˡôʶң

ʥһһʥֱӰﵴסСԴʥ⻯Ϊָһץ޷һһɹѪӰаӵͷţʥⱻġ
˻ѵĻٴγʥͷ⡭⡭лл֮
ȥɣҶָһ˾ͱһߡ
ӽҶֻҪһͰЩ˵ƶӸ
ܿʮλȫ£ʥ˴
ʮʿûһȥʿѶЩ˼ǱƳޣԵ
͵ΪֹԺ󻯶񵤱Ҫʯ룬˲ǿõģɢȥɣ
¹ȥҶȰʿⸯƳ棬ýöƶӣҢƿաɲڽͻ񵤣ʿҪõ񵤣Ҫʯ
ϢʱըȻʮʿûκαԹ벻෴ĶʥˣϾҶЩˡ
һ¸ߴң
ڲ˷׷֮ʣ֮еҶȣɫһ𣺡񵤲ˣǱļԴƳͲ˵һѻȡ񵤵İ취
Ŷ
ʮʿҶ仰ʥˣϾЩͷˣ߲֪жٱƳ޵ѣ֮ͬˣҪ뾡취ȡ໯񵤣ȴҶⷬһϴ
Ҷɢͬˮʵܼ򵥣˵׾٣λѶûեȡƵıСˣλѣһϹͨպÿԻⸯƳ綾ֻҪܷӡƳ涾ĽͿýٴγΪһ

ʮʿʱ˵һը˹̾𺳣˭û뵽ҶȲԻƸƳ棬ܻⱻƳ涾Ĵ˵ֱϲ¡
ǱֻһҪб֮Ľ򣬽ʥӵУֻҪķԸ⣬ǱͿͻ񵤣
ʲôǻƳ綾øƳȥɢȾȥǳʧȥأҵȴ˰
Ϊɸ֣ʼ
ҶʵڳԽϣҶȲԻⸯƳ綾ÿö¾ֹƳ綾ֹʳ཮һ򶼻˶
Ȼܶ˶һ㣬ҶȽ֮Ľһſ򶼳Ϊʥʱʥֱ֮ӳԽƬԼӻ
һ˲䣬˶оʥף֮˺ˣҪõ޴ء
Ȼ˶֪ʥ⣬û˸ҷԣҲûʱԣʥ˿˵ˣ̩λҲΪԭЩ˶ˣʶƳֲȾٶȣ˭Ҳ޷ӹⳡѡ
ʥվܻⸯƳⳡΣֻѣȴܻ̫ȥǻ㡣
ɲǼ˶ĬʥˣʵֶγΪ
ʥ˺ܿڴ֮УΧʮʿû뿪ټ౻Ƴ洫Ⱦʿʥˣʥ˵Ҳʼ񵤣һżƷʯܻȥһŻ񵤡
һƷʯһʿ˵Ҳһ֣ǮһȣҪ̫࣬καﶼóס
ˣ̶һ죬͵õƷʯȥ̫ҵ۹ͲԽԽ񡭡
ʥʥ֮УҢƿո˶Ҷ˵һƷʯϵץգҢƿѪǡ
ҶȻӻֵ̩λ汻Ƴ涾ˣڡǧ֮࣬Լʯʲôһǧ򻯶񵤣кܶȥΪǾ߶¼ã
ǣ
Ңƿڳ׶ҶŷˣҶһֶΣͲĴ飬պû뿪˴ҶǱգƸ໯񵤡
Ѿһöƶӣʮ٣հɣ
һƻ񵤣Ҷһץһ״Ĺƶӣһɹɹƶӱ뵤Ȼ֮С
ٿ
һööƶӣ𵤣δʮ٣ʮپͿʼ˶һ£ȻһööƶӱȡʮҶ֮С
ʮٿȥֻһ߶೤飬ҶȴֻвţԿʮĿǰΪֹֻɳڣ֪Ҫնٸ߼Ż᳤ɲǱΰ
յƶ֮ʮֿʼ΢΢תƶӾһεʮ֮ϣո¾ͱȡ
գ
ͬʱҶҲʼʩչ̫һչƶһööƶ֮УҶȾ̸ܵڱܿͱ̫һɣҶڿ
ʵɹƶӣֱȡϧ̫ǿ󣬲֪ɶٹƶӲͻƣ
Ҷһƻ񵤣ͬʱչƶӣҪʮٿʮԽ࣬͵ơ
ϴ󣡡
գ֮䣬ħʹ֮пҶǰ
ҶЦռ˴Ƴʮʮһݸ㣬һͬ
ãƳ⣬ǰһɽۣҰĲҲǵıɽλɢƳ棬òٵͼλ̩λЩƳȼ޷ɽЩأҲСӣ
ʮǿΪ֣ƳԷˡħǿֲڣǶʮȴϴһף
ħ£ֱſ죬մҶͷųһ⻷ħոգͿʼͷſֲħЦףʮٵɽ籾ԴҪ̫߳࣬ˣöþܴﵽ״̬ľڼ깦򣡡
ʮȷ°빦ֻһ㣬̫֮ͼ޷ʮٵõ֣ҾֲڵǱ
ҶȰѾüƻ߸˳ħ
ãã뻢Ѩɵûӣϴ󣬾͸ôʮٵļңعŻɳϴںʮ٣ԽǿԽǿʮٿ뿪ɽ磬ʮȡ
ħ֣뵽Ҿ̲סʱ㵽
ҲǺڴһ죡Ҷȱȳħõһ쵽񣬲еյ㣬ʲôɾʲôԶԶǣֻгΪ󣬲վ۷塣
Ҷħ֮һ̣ʥ棬ȴһɱ
ʿǱޣͻȻһըѣ˿ȥŲ˱նɱһ׷ϹŶһλ꣬ŶԳ֡
ǿȻɢˣ
ʿŰ׷ˣʱˣеҿ׷һۣΪ̩λϹŶɢˡ
׷ˡɢˡԱλ꣬ڵضڵˣүүŵĵӣƵСıƳȾүүҪΪţ
ԭүүɢˣ˵ɢѾǧûгˣ״أھȻͻ߽ף
˵
һ˶ŵû£ɢֳϹŶëսͳͳ壺ţô죬ԷǴ˵еϹŶ
Ұ
һ侲Щɸ֣Ҳͨ쾳Ϊһ֣峯ɷɢʩǰҲţȷǱŵĦˣˣǰ˴ˡ£
̶̼ʮ꣬岻ΪһţҲ޵ɾΪ֪õⷬɾͣңѾǸâ¶ţһĴ
ǰʥܻⸯƳ棬ᾡһŬʥΪⸯƳ棬ǰҪŭһֲ
ٴζɢʩ
һɲǣиֶסһţȻ˵ȥǲף޷
ˣүүʲôˣҾ˵һһΪǸ𣿺ߣ˭ȴɫһá
ͻȻĿһϷ򲻹˭˭˺͵ھ͸һᣬСѾͷϷ򵹺㣬ţͶϷ£˾ˣԺȻõϷӻ
²УΪһ֮ʦȴ治ǰҪΪһû뵽ԷҪɫԽš
ǾͲϷĺϷЩˣɱţɢһͷɱĿ罣ʮ˶߽׿ֲϢסˡ
ɢˣʥˣֲҰҲǣ˽·ڱȥɺͳȥ
˫֮ʣһΰͶӰʥ˽ٶ
ʥ
ɢĿ䳰ЦķСӣҪΪеֶΣ͸Ϸ˵Ϸ˲Ť㲱ӣȡ־ԻⸯƳ棬


438 ʢ
ԭ㲻ˣ
ҶͶӰͻأ٣ɲҲΪһ裬ҶӰԱߣͬ߰Ҷȱɢˣɲ¶һм
㡭
ɢ˼ɲ˲䣬һĨӱ飬ȻЦɲСӣԭ㣬겻û뵽㵹ͻף벻ǸëͷСӣҲһ
ɲɲ
ɢϳɲݣһʱʮʿһꡣ
̩λ棬ܴﵽ׵ʿǶλǿߣɲķºպ˭˲֪˲һɱ¾Ϣ֪򣬳ɾ
֮ʣɲǰһֱɢ˵ɢˣҵȷǰֻëͷСӣҶǾģȰһ䣬Ͽϴŭ٣ֻ·һ

֪ɢ˵ˣЦǸ뼥ЦȨɲⷬǷϻ
ţɢˣɣ
ɢ˵֮ʱҶӰͻȻͷһţʮʿͿ˼һĻ
ǼƬձиʮʿķɢգȻһɴ˲ûգʲôͶû£һӰҲûˡ
ţ
ʥ˹㳡һƬռ֮Ȼɢͷֳ塢ŵŵҲһһ֡
ವһɲһӰ֮ϿգӰʼʵҶĮȻзɢˣʥ£Ź㣬ȻԶţԺʥ˵һŹʲôȱȱһ
СӣϷӣɲҪűϷݺ̩λ꣬ԺϷҲһ£ĸУ
ɢǧͬϰ˵֮䣬ƾͰΧ󷨸飬żӸССֶΣͨʲô֪װŪҾʥˣ
ͣҵˣ
ɢ˷쭣żӣΪһţȴ֨ЩӣҲǸŭԣ³׵ɢϹŶҪ֪ϹŶԺҲӡ
Ȼһɣ֮УҲû߽ϹŶڣôҵɢˡ
ɶţΪ̫ͣȻܰﵽС㣬ΪСǽѣĻɢĿˣ
󷽣ⸯƳ綾ھ罣ͿֲòɢϹŶ϶㲻һֻ
֪õʲôȻڶ̶̼ʮʹ޵ͨ쾳߽ףǲ˼飬ҶȺεţ޵ͨ쾳߽ס
ס壬ĵ磬С㣬иλϣؼʥˣʥ˾ԲɢǵҰǲҪ£ΪС鷳
ת§סţòƣһһ⣬ҪȥչͻɾߣҲٱ˲ڽ£
ɢڶŭҪˣʥСӣϷͿʲô£ߣһӰʲôб¾ͱزأϷҪʥ𣡡
һҲڱǰҷͣ
ʥӰͻȻһŤΪһ۵Ҷȱ𣬴Ťռ֮УͥŲ
ҶҶȣ
Ҷһ˲䣬˲侪ˣҲ˼شءߴƮҶȡ
һӼ˸͵ҶƽգҲڱҶȡô㣬ʥô㣡
塭ţն𣬹ȻǲԩҲͷ
Ҷֳ˫֣Ƶؿֵˣ½ͬһطٻᣬҲȻšҹȻûǣǾȻ޵߽ͨΪģҲɱǣ
߳˸ǿҺ⣺Ҷȣı仯࿴һֻţұ磬뿪ݴ½ۣҵõΪΪٴμ㣬һɨüضǣû뵽һǱȲ㣡
壬Ҿ;ңûκοɱԣԣŻŹһʵ֤ҲȷһţԹȥɣҲɾʿ̤һأǸһʱ򣡡
ҶȴǰʹļףУȥǹȥڹȥûаǵһ£ڸûбҪ
ʥСӣԭҶȣãҶȣϷͶ㣬ٶʥˣһжϷģ
ɢͻȻɫ˫Ի
ž
ͻȻһƣ䲻ⲻ֪ԺδֱɨɢϣͼһƣʹɢðǣͷƤ飬ԭشͷԵתתȥ
ˣĺãĺãѵͻᵽҧˣҷͣ
ɲɢǱģִЦԱߵҶȣȴһֱûжһ¡
СӣҴϷƣãϷ򲻵Ҫ㣬ҪƳɿܣɢ˲ǳ֣գ۾侲
ŷȰɢŭգΪһǿߣȻ˰ƣǺεȳ衣
ƣ
ɢҧгݣһͻأشҶȴһƣһƾȻӿһԪҪϢƹ⻷ͷų֮죬ͬӥСһֱҶƬռ䡣
˻һƣҶȸû߿ԣֻ
ɢڿֲ˸£ȻЦСӣжߣ֪ССΪϷǰµٺڰɣ
䡭
ȻڲĿ£塢ˣɢ˳֣Ǿ֪Ҷֻ·һ
Ԥϲ࣬ɢ̫Ѹ߽ͣƣ˲ͽΧռ䣬κ߽ͬ׸֣ɢһƣҲҪƤ
ɢֱһҶ֮ϣ˲䣬ɲҲľ޵ģ˵̫ҵ۹ʿ
ô£
߽׵ľͷɢ˿ֲһƣҶţɢ˾Ȼоһȥգֺڼʯ֮ϣ֮Ҷ˶õģǲڵġ
Ҷһֱûжһ£ɱ˫֣Ʊɢ˹һƣɢٶ̫죬Ҷ޷ܣȫɢռϷ硣
ǣҶȱɢһƻţȻûһ£С˹Ҷȴʱ޷ԶֵЦݣ߽ף̫̫һƣûκ˺ɢˣӦ֪ʲôж˰ɣ
ôܣ
ƣɱ
ɢŷ֣ȻһƴҶϣмӲʯ񷣬ûκƻԣɢҡͷֱһƴҶϡ
䣡
ͻһƣҶ֮ϣɢðŭ罣ȫһʥ˴ڷڣǣƻƻ£ҶȾȻǸղǸƵ̬һ
ڱķһ̿ʼżʮ갡ôǿ󣿡
ҺҶ֣Ժһ£ͷܾҲǽҶȣ֪֮ʲôϵ
һλߣ˱սסˣһԣСʩ
ҶȡԺ£ʥҶȣ㵽˭ҲţѾȫʶҶȣǰҶȣǼʮǰǸҶȡ
ֹ˰ɣɢˣ˵ڿʼ͵ʥһŹ
ҶͻȻһָһָ̫ͻأɢ˼㿴Ҳ޷㣬Ҷһָüġ
¡
ɢ˾ʹյ㳡Ǳط¹վҪߣһɿµĻ⻷ͷųɢ˶ʱʹڵϣһʹһ߽Ͼͷ
ɢˣںڣѾˣͳͳЩѺȥ
ɲ˲ɢߣһԷɳʮλ֣ɢˡŵȫѺߡ
찡ɢ˾Ȼʥ˽ˣҿ쿴쿴
ãʥ˴ͻȻû¶һʥţʥ֮£ɢ˿Ͱ͵عſڣҶһ¡
ʮʿʼˡ
ϢʥԻⸯƳϢһͬʼһ죬ʿʥţ򻯶񵤣֮󣬸Ƴ̾ͱѹסЩʿʵͽȴʵػʥµɢˣʿûһš
ܿ죬ԽԽʿǣʥҲʼɢɳʿǣȷš


439 ɿ
֮УҶħȻڱչƶӣöƶӾۼۺ񣬲ʮգʣҶ˾֣˶Ƿˣմƶӣûгֺܴ仯
ʥ˽ɢ֮Ϣ˲ɢǳִʿ˷ǱȾʿۼʥΧû˸£ɢ˶ѹ˭ҵʥˡ
ƣЩƶӻҼʮѾв˷ӡƳ涾Ľȥо綾ΪƶӣЩƶҪǿܶ࣡
֮еҶȣۣһӴ֮⴫֮̿ħ˵ͬʱڽϴʥ˷ˣѾʸɾۼ֣ɳפ
ҪƶӣǺãҾڽȥƶӣħȻӰ˾Ͳˡ
ԭǵǺڽͷŵģʥ棬ԸøԱĽ񵤣ڲޣһöƶҲ޽Ƴ涾дƳڡ
һӡԳħֶΣҪѸƳɱѾ綾ΪƶӲһ£ԱҶʥռƶӻҪ񣬼̫ҵ۹ʿʸɡѾϳħפĽͳͳΪʥأȻҲ̫Χ
ԺһҲûд·Ȼ»龭Уȴûκδ򣡡
ҶȿʼԺķϵӷ֮е֪ԺԼԺ
ȡʧܺԺ󣬲ɳλѧԪϣڸӡƳиƬзӡûܵȾڲ
ȻƳ洫ٶȣѾд򱻶ʧȥų֮һ
ңݷõɽʼʽһ̩λ𵴵ľϢɽ򴫵ݶ
ţ
Ҷͨ󲻾ãʹһϢҶȣҶ֪Ϣ֮Ҳ𺳡
̩λܸƳ޴ƽ֮ʱɽλʱӵɾΪǿߡ
ţĪȻҲϢݸҶȣʱ̩ӲĸҶȣɽ仯
ȷǸ׼̩λƻңǶȡ̩λʱúãҾͿ׽ԺζԸɽ
̩λӶңɽλҪٶȡ̩λ棬ڻݷƶӣͻɾһͻƣκμɵ濹Ҳ⣡
Ҷȭͷ߬ýģȻ̩Ӱ£ɽλή٣ȴڣ̩λ濴Ͼս𣬽Ҷȿʼƻ񵤣׼һֻʿڹƶӡ
ɽλ٣£̩λͳױս
˷򲻶һǿ߶ȡһƬΪΪʥһʱ䣬ˣ󲿷ǰǱԺѹֻǼɵԺݷ꣬ڱռ
кպľǵǣ̩λһţ칫ȻԺ򣬶ȡбҵдǿߣ˭û뵽ȻᰵӪһɿ
ž
ԺǬʥ֮У»ٿʮλ¡ʮλǿߣִһһٶλǿߣҶȡҲС
룬벻ϹŶͬ߶֮ϣһͻԺǿ߷緶һ֮ϣպ¡¡飺죬ӣ治ԺصȻڴͷԺɱҶԺѧӣ
ȷɱλ챳ȻһΪɽһнǧǿߣλϹŶҪԵ֣»Ժɺܴˣٴа죬õλãԺһϣ
򲻿ɣܶͽЭķңԺ͵ɱϣһһѹ
һλλ¿ʼҶȷһֱδۡ
ʱ˿̣ɽҲھһҪۻᡣ
Ԫڲ֮Уʮϵ֮УЩ̩⣬ȫаɭȻáǼܴɣҪôһʬ̶ɣֻһЩʵɡ
֮ϣһ֣ʤʮλǿߣһɫһ۵˴ر룬˸߸ϣףһɫϢ˸ҲϽɫëȫɫ
λ졢ߣɽλʮ֮һ
ڸ߼λ棬ɽͳʮ߼λ棬Ƿ֮кպĳʮҲһţҲ޷Ƕ֣ڷ֮Уʮ޵еĴڡ
شƿصĿռ֮ڣΪģʼۣÿһ֣Ƕݺ̩λ޵ֲֿڡ
ڴΪֹȥɣ
֮󣬾Ȼһ֣һ£ʮò֣ʼʧʣ¾ʤ̩Ӷѡ
΢΢һƬռٴα仯شӳ֣ÿռأ쿴̩ӣֻ̩֣ڴˣ˵ɣ
֣ڸǰ˺λ磬ȻһҪ߾֣
̩񵽶ֹ͸أʤʵ̩ǰͿҸʹ㣡
Ӳż
̩Ȼ˸ӣþʤ޷סʱסż̩ӵ֣Ҳ֪׽вԭԼ𣬵׽̫Ӵ׽ɽҲѾõȷ飬Ϊ̩̩̩λһ𣡡
̩Ƿǿߣһˣɽλٴܣ𷲽磬Ȼ׽նɱΪһ𣡡һֱȵľ죬Ȼ
̩ӽĵ׽ƱҪõȻžҲӦŹǾɽϹɴսף
սףһս޵֮˲ӿ̩ӻҪǿ̫ࡣ
ʤһͷˮɴۡսһҲ˽⣬ٶʵսǺø⣿
ʤ̫ᣬȻûЩţңЩԶֻɽ֪֮У֪֮ûмҲǹͨɽԶǰżȻս״ţ
ԶŴ˵֮Уɴɽһ޵еİϹŴۣͳһɽλ棬ˣϧˣһʹõķΪսףҪ˭õսףܵõɴ۴Уɴ۵̤񾳽޵дڣҪܵõĴУ˵Ϊɵ۲룬ǳΪҲǲܣ
ÿһս׳һѪȷ磬õԶŴ۴Уɽɵ۶õϻ
渵𺳣ʱͣͣ㾰ڷϵǿߣȥɽ磬ֻ϶㲻ϣ۵Ĵڣɼ
սףԶŴ۴У˽⣬һҪõսף
ʤ֮ȹϵϣ̩ӣǰܰ˵ǰҸ
Ȼһ֮ô׽̶֣׽ɱ̩棬ѪһҪս֮һͷͱ̩̩ұ֮У
̩ҡҡͷһΣڲ֮ͫУͳһ̩λ棬已磬ɽ֮󣬻Եɺ֮£ŵõͷȴûʵõսףѣͲ뷲籦֮У̩λ澫Դռ֮УҪ򿪱⣬Ҫ̩λ汾Դ˷ݳ񼯺̫Կ⣬ݣݡԺķݣʣݣһ׽ǧУһڻ֪٣һ߷ݣһݿԸӦ
һЦֲǰ̩ǧ֣ԭΪȡ̩֣棬ֻģȻĴҲҺңԸ׽̣ǹͷرǲװ״ǰߣ
֣̩浱õͷҲݳ޵õսףֻһλͨɣεºӵսףΪԼɱ̩֮壬ǰֻ֮뱨𣬶Ը׽̣ϣֵõͷ֮ͬҷɽ磬ںҺԸ׽̽о죡
䣡
˵̩һȭգƬնˣ󶼱ݻٴ룬̩ڵĵѪ𲻱ĲΪˣ
ã
ˬӦˣϾһ֣̩Ӵݻٵմ󣬿ʼϣЦսףҾõ
̩ӵսǲ֮ÿɽ۶䲻٣޷ӵУصԺɽ֮УƱػҡֱϣΪһͳɽϰ
̩Ǹˣ򵥰սҲģȻǳɽúúȻһΪ׽Ȼţɽ磬ҲʲôҺ֧֣һ׽̣Ӧò⣬ؼҪܵõɴ۴У˵һ׽̣һλ棬Ҳʲô
ȻغսףҾҪֵܳõݡԺϵķݳ׽һݣڶȡ̩ݣǾпӵݣʱ򣬾ǧٸֻҪܸӦͿɱˣ
һɱ¾֮еİһƻ˵ͷͷǵ
̩һûԺڶԸƳ棬ʱԺʵҪԺǾʹӹԺ֣
ȻҡͷɭɭЦ̩֣ȻԺǿǾȶԺ֣ߣȶԺ֣ԺԺ㴹ֿɵã
ѾƻǾ͸Ͽж׽̳û֣
̩˵꣬ȴЦǧ䣬һ뾰춷һͽ̵ְ


440 
ɽһƬδĻǿգ˷Хǳ籩һӰ˸
ɽȻ̫ݺᣬһɣȻﵽʮסʮף̩λʷϣֻ̩һ˴ﵽԺʷҲûһﵽʮ׵
Ӱڷ籩֮ȥ磬ؿݺɽ򣬴Ҷȡ
ﵽʮ״Բһطںϵǿߣɽλʮ֮һ죬ΪǾ춯أ½֮У½編ںϵȱǧ䡢̩ӿҲǴ˶֣ǱʵϾ죬Ҳֿԣ
һ𷲽̩λȵͼʱգ˿ɵڵңҲǾ֣ͻɾп֮濹⣡
ҶҡҡͷϢޣüͷһ̩λҹʮа˾ɽҪʲôж
Ҷ֣죡
һ֮մݴͼһӰȻǳ֮еÿһԽʱ䳤ӡ
ҶȵЦ̩֣ɽλ澰Ѿ½磬Ȼǿ޵Уʮ׵ʿҪʮ׶Ҫǿʮֹ
籩ȻһȦΧɢ̩ӴֳҶȣȷǿ½ǱԱҪȡ̩λڷ֮УѾﵽ˺һزңҲûаսʤ
Ҫ̩λ淢ս̩λңʮа˾žΪ¶Ժͬͷڹ꣬Ƴ˵һٴݻʱ򣬲֪̩ҪҺ£
̩棬Ҷȱƽͬɽˮ硣
̩ӺԺĴǬΪأиҶܷǬϸŪΪ֣ݿԺ׶ˣ
ǺǣʵֵͰǬŪһԺ佭Ƽټңһʱ䣬İ¼
ٿ
һ֣Ӵ޽֮ץһ⻷⻷ΪһԺϢָһ⻷ʹҶ̩ӡ
̩ҪǬʥ꣬ҪҪȡ񣬺ߣھ½磬ʵ̫ˣҲ޷쳽뾰뻢ıƤΪһҪ£ռƶӣȡʱ󾢲ϲߣ
ǰ꽻̩ӣҶ˿ûвᣬ뷨̩ҪʲôҪʲôֶζȡǾ£ҶڻվԺ˺Ƥ
Ȼһ
̩ӵõ֮̿ʼͷһɨϸЦݣպ÷Ҷ֣̾ҪԺ֣òҪâ̫Ѿֻ̤żʮڷ֮Уָʵټ
̩֣εȻΪһͼλ棬½̩֣Ī½ͼ
Ҷһתͫǹ⣬üʵȻҶǹʳ⡣
˴æ½磬ܾܿǱ̩ӹƻģôǿ󣬱Ͼˣ̩ȴһˣֶβǷġ
Ȼֵʳ⣬ΪҲʵ̩λһϹŷͷӡ̩λ汾ԴʱҪȡ̩λ棬Ϊ뾰ίߣ֮жȡߣɱ
֪ҶҪԸʤСӣҾǣס㵽ʱԾʤ֣Ǹֻ·һֻҪɱ츸ӣٰ׽̴ݻ٣ʲôԺҲҪһ̷ɽ磬̩λ棬ȻֵУ㵽ʱ̩λһ
һ˵̩ϣرǼ仰˵ֱ嶤顣
̩λһ
Ҷ仰ҲҪݣҶȴƻ󣬵ڣ̩ȻҶȵϸһҲ˽⣬ΪҶֻһʿѣĿǳŪŪڹ֮С
̩һֱǴشΪҶȺƵתʵϣҶȴǰϻװɵ㶶ѣΪľ̩ӶûзҶȾͻ̩ߵøʤиա
Ҷȳ䵱Сɫ̩ӾǴͷϺֹ̩⣬ҶȾо򣬸ȡ
ø̩ӣ̩λҪƻңˣǵ죬ᶯģһ̩λ棬˵̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣҲǶսȤԶų۴еĴڣɽҲõ
սֻҲҾȡһѣǧͼսԼ칭ȵȣǵһʮٻ񼣣رʲôսǰƨһ
ҶһЦ̩ӸղЩԭԤϵܰսڣ߸ҶǻĵףΪս׶½磬õսףпܵõɴ۴С
ɽۣǶΪﵽɵ۵ĿֲǳħһĳۣǶɽеߣɾ޵ɵ۾ǰꡢǧꡢϣͨҪ޵ɵ۾ֱ̫ңԶζѡ
Ҫɾϴֻͨ취ʵ֣ԼЩܣ̩ӡǧ䡢׽̽о춼ǿɵ̫ãŻѡȡսסõɴݾ
·ǽݾݾϣԹ֪жǿ䣬׹ǳԨ
Ҷ֣ԺԺǱԺһ죬ͿҲǣ
̩ӵõԺǬʥ꣬ĿϲѣҶ˵ϼûȻһͲˡ
»Ҫһ¡죬ˣҲһݷҪҾʤɣ
Ҷ׹ħˣʧǳ֮С
ǣԶڻ֮УķٶȿҲͨҲвʿǡ
˿̾һڣ󲿷ֶƳ涾ֻʮ֮һûбȾڣʿվۼ
˵ʥɳһǿҪиƳ綾ҪɱƳ棬֪ʥ˵ܲǿɣ
ԭЩʿ֣󲿷ֱƳ涾ַӡʥ˸˾񵤡
λ˺ЩƳ綾ͬСɣ
һƬƲʴսǧʥ˵Ӵֳͷߣһ۵ĳħԱߣ̫ҵ۹ӵ߱ȨĻʸɣǧˣǶ̫ҵ۹ǿ
ʸɴһӣһ˵ʿߡ
˶ЩȻָС飬ͬƵģһطӡã
ħȻħһɨͿ֮УһӡĽǰЩѹеǰĶ඼ǧĶ޴󣬻Ķ

ħüĺȻ˸һƣţһصħ⣬ʼһӡĽɨȥЩӡĽ֮ڣа񸯶Ƴ綾ϢڱƳ滹ڲϴȾƻء
ǿиƳ澹ȻɱˣĽȻڱһ
Զʿ޷ħ֣ȴԼĴأֲƳ綾ڱգպֳɾϢȻûκȴҲûпµĸƳ档
ʥͨ󰡣׽ɢˣһ޵и֣׾Ͱнȥʥ˾ͻõ֮󣬳ΪʵĴ
Ҳûа취£û취ԸƳ棬Щ£пܰʣľȾ޼ҿɹ˺˼ֶΣֲǴȥģ
Զԣ˰ɣֻҪƳ棬ǾͲõ֣֮ʥ˼·񣬲ԵֶֻǿӲѣֻҪʥˣҲǿ
һǿвʡ޿κεؿһ置ӵеأһ١
ȥȻȫ˸ԪٴŨң㣬ػشϵҲʰ쵡
ǿʼֵؽ磬󷨣κΪߣ̻ر
һƬ֮󣬳ħһɹɹƶģʸ´ǧʿʼֲʼ촫һܿͻᴫݹ
ʸˣ
Ȼһصճ֣巽켸ʮʿƺƵͨؿռֶζ֮󣬷Իʸɡħ𹧾ʩ
ãͽ㣬ʸɣȥһ򣡡ħ𳯷ͷĿһɨվʹһӣʸɽʧ
鿪ʼǣЩʿͿʼ֣ٶɾǿߣʼֱĽ
ϴ㿴ۺĹƶӣ
ڲ֮Уħ߳ƻ񵤵Ҷǰ֮䣬һ޴аǹƶӷŴ棬һһӳħͷų
ȷǿȴʿĹƶۺһ𣬻Ҫۺ̫ˣ
ҶҲ۾ȻԤһЩƳ綾ȫʿ̺֮ںҶѾаմﵽͨʮ״Բ۷壬ǳħҲõӳ֡
ʮ򲻻ж仯˭ʮϹ졣
ħ𼸷ȥѴ֮ͰһſӶƶӣõҲԽԽ㲩ʮܿͳΪʥУ̫ҵ۹ʿʼ̫פ
֪ҶѾΪһӵеԽԽ࣬þͻﵽɽֵزΪһ


441 ս
ԺִͻȻ֮Ӵһʱ䣬λѧӴķۼһ¡¡ִԺԪҲʼԦֳ
ִռ䣬챻λѧӸȥʮλѧӲ֪ʲôطðȻ֮࣬Ǻš
Ȼ˵ûɽȻжԺҲӣټλѧӻع飡
ڲĺײУλѧԽԽ࣬ͬȳһ֮࣬඼һ׵֮䣬Ľ׵׾ͺһ֡
߼̨֮ϣһҲֳϹŶЩ˵¡ִҲһһ٣Ϊϡ
Ӫ̫塢ˮſЩ£λҪһأʮλ±ʮλµλҪͺܶ࣬Щ£¼ǬᡢҶЩ£ϹŶиһ¡
ִЩϻϵȻ»Ҫ࣬ﵽһٶˣӪЩϹŶΪϣеִȻﵽ߽ײ˼龳硣
ִ£Ժ䡣
ҶȳΪ½£λͣЩϹŶȫûпҶһۣҶҲЩˣڰн̸
ֽ̬ԺʷϣֻмζѣѧԺѾɽϢ
Ժ֪½磬ȻһӲ̣޷ģᣬҾͲòκ飬ǿΪﵽʮײ˵ͨѾڷûе֣ˣҲ޷սʤԺȻаʷ뾰ǿֹҲֲ˶ã
ҶȷһԺƣﲻ֪Ҫ䣬Ҳ뿪ʱ¾Ͳȥϣ
˵뿪뿪ЩĲ̣˵öԣھ£ԺҲҪģһŮӣǰȻ纮£ҶǰȴΪһͨŮ˶ѡ
λ
ʮȥͻȻڼ̨ϷһϵʱգУԪͥԪϣҲˡ
λѧӶȲ˵еԪϣʮԪϣĿ¼Ԧֳ
Ԫϳ֣˾͸оͨԪǱԴԪϽϵһ𣬺ʱգԪֻҪһʱնݣԪ޵еģԪ֮Уף˶߽ס
ԺЩԪϣдԪϼϹŶΪﵽɰ˽Ҳв٣ЩϹŶǬǱޣв٣ǲԺ
ῪʼҶȴ
Ҷ׵ͷţԺʶʱԺ䣬ִ᳽ԺдϹŶһ¦ճɰ˽Ϊǿ󣬵ȻܶϹŶɰ˽ף
һ¦ճǳʮǿߣɰ˽ףû뵽ڻû䡭
̩λ̫ͼ̫޵ʮ׵ľͷָ֮˸֮٣Ժʱ˵һ˶ûеʮΪߣҲûг֣ЩϹŶҲ޷ˣǳȥ߼λУ߼λжΣգȥҲ
ҶȵЦһһ䣬̸Ц¡һŷ֪²
ԪӪ֮УһԪϣ߽ǿߣ߳ѾȷɽվҪԺսڼԺӭʷϣпĴ٣Ժ£ʥλѧӣλѧӱһģ
ɽҪԺ
λѧԪ仰ʼ־̾
Ԫһ֣Ժǰã׽̹ûشʧɽ׽ᲢۣҲýţŽһܰɽѹ
Щ߲˵治Ĳڻڹƻѧӣɽǿǲ᲻֪β֪жѧӣΪ߲ӣ
ҶҡҡͷҲԺ߲ѧ֪ɽжǿôѧӾͺսԺҲֻ꣬йƻЩѧӣνսЩʿϴ֮УԸȥһ
쿪ʼ»ַɵÿλѧӶӵһдԺŴңҲҪԺŽɽ׽̣
һԪ߳˵
仰׵ȼλѧѪһȼգѪȣɵÿѧһ
ⲻΣʵģһɵǶݳ޵ģֻ¹ѫŻõɵڣʮλѧӣһζ޷뵽ĺ¡
ҶȴΪ㵣һԺλѧӼʮҪʮɵԺƴ֣֮꣬ĲǲСӣԺ߲ҲѾʶߵԺؿڣֻȫһϣ
ʮλѧӷˣ˭µһףϵĽ׶˷ܣһɵ֪Ϊ߶١
һֻҪ¹ͣиɵõΪ
ԺҪôһֱȥʼرջ󣬺Ǹְţʼþս£ܿ죬ԺͽȫԱıս״̬ʥλѧӵλѧӸԴ
ͨҲʼգԺʼټϾԸֶΣټڼƵ׼ɽսס
ȫսҲһⳡսѾǼϣʱ̶ᱬ
ϴʲôһͷϽҪɱҲף
޵ǿ֮Уһŷ籩ɽߣ籩֮УȻһ˼󷨣ҶħմƶӣؼǣҶڲôǧͼֱͷʮ١
ʮͷųȻȴǧͼҪֲǧ򱶣Ȼǧͼӵдռʮȴѹ
Ҷھֱʩչʮһǿ̩λһħƶӣҶΪˣܰʮٲ߶ͷų
һʮٰ̩λǿɣѹңҶȻ֣̩λʮǰǰͬСĸκλ汾Դʮӿ
ʵɱҲҪΪһۣͻɾɱҲ٣Ұʮٴʱ߼ʹãɽ磬˭Ƕ֣
Ҷ룬̩λ汾ԴѾ̩λ汾Դںϣ̩λ汾ԴʮףֱգԺ֮󣬻Ҫؿλ汾Դ
ҪѷٷҲҪͻɾҪ̤ɾ
˷ҶҪΪñͻɾͻɾʮٽԱ֮һͻɾ˼ǿߣҲԶԿ
ھͰѷֲֿڣѷԼʮ˲û
ϴɽˣ
ֹЩ죬ħͻȻۣɽֻһϡ޴ĴͨȻֱӴͳȥͨȥǿޱȡ
Щһɫɽλһ֣̩λ壬ںϣǧ
ɽͨƺƵسԺȥʱʱһЩĹͣһᣬֱͨӳңں󷽣ʮͨ
ˣ
ҶħԦ籩һ·β棬һһſһǼʷ籩
䡭
崫ͨȻֱӳƮǴͶȥ˭֪ӱԵоϵȻλѧӿʼ߶Դ۾ϵ֮У޴ɽٵ崫ͨʼһ
ͬڵݺݻɽ֧ͨͨ飬ʿС
¡
ۿҪԺ֮ʣǴͨȻֱֻͨ򾧱ϵݺײȥ
ͷ̫ž޳棬ݺ򾧱ϵ֮ϣʱѾϵҳһʮֳ·ʼɱ֮У˫̱ӣսʽ
ɽڣɱڲɱԺѧӲЩʿû𣬸ֳҰޣԸߴӲֱɱԺ
󷨣ᣡ
ѧһںϴȻΪﵽ׵ǿߣֱһϹŷӡ
ţ˼һĻˣӡ֮УĸƳ濪ʼ֮кӿȥ
ԺһУǺ֮ͰѸƳӡã͵ɱ룬ⲻһϷӡͷţƳ濪ʼϯͱʿҲԸƳĪƳ棬ŵû
ֶΣǺֶΣϴԺ治ʡ͵ĵƣսſʼɽһ
ħ𿴵һĻֿ˻ȫԹˣ֡
ԺЩ߲㣬ǺԸɽȻǺ飬Ƴ˼£ɽҪһˣԺҪʹһУЧûиղôЧǻȥɣڸƳ涼ս֮УԽԽæˣ
Ƴ濪ʼսӣ֪ʿԺʿҪƳ洫ȾôЩȾʿ󻹲Ҫȥǣʥˡ
һһҶħڵķ籩ͳϯȥ


442 ķ
Ƴĳ֣̩λ淭츲أ׽̽Щһλ棬ԺøƳԸɽһȥƳ滹Ϊһɱﵡ
ҲãƳ˵ȴռƶӣûͻɾܶȡ̫ҵ۹Ϸչ
صʥˣҶȾͿʿ˷Ϊ򻯶񵤶ɽսѾݵƬʿ֪£ûȥս£뻯ڸƳ档
Ҷڿɲװѻͣӿȡʯۺ̫ҵ۹չγɾ޴֧֣ʯҲһȼؼأʯȼԽߣԽ࣬Ȼմ
̩λһ汬Ƴѣһս׷ףûһ֮أķҲûˮҪƷԺսʱͬϵеĿʼԺսзһ
ֻطûսֻиƳѣʥ˵ⳡ𽥱⣬ԶʿҲŷʥ˹򻯶񵤣ʥ˲춼еҩųÿһ£Żǧҩ¯Ȼġ
λѣأά򣡡
ʥ⣬ҶȽɢˣͬɥȮһʵʵЩʿȻʮ㣬ǿڳÿһʿ
죡
˺ʼͷӿʼλãǶǷ»񵤵ˣڸƳȫѹֻҪҶȻԴͿԻָ
ǿǡԺˣ
Ȼ˿ʼָɫ׷׾䣬ȥֻһͨսٶһλλ۵Ժѧӣ߳
ԼǧλԺѧӳʥϷͷߣһΪߣһһλ¡
Ժ£ԪɽûȵԺҲʥˣ
ȻƳΪ׽̹Ժڲ֪˱Ƴ洫ȾԺȻд󣡡
ǺǣǾͲ֪Ժûдʯȥ򻯶񵤣ûУֻнԺ϶øʥˣʥѾղʮ򣬶һѸٽ˴ҪǵõʥҪչ򣿡
һʿ˽š
Ժ£ԪɽǧѧӣʼԺÿһƬռ䣬ȻԺ׽̶ѷ֣ϾһԺᲢ۵ġ
νձԺˣǸľ޴ѹȣԪɽֿʥһ󣺡ʥˣȻֶΣȻͨ뱾ԺҲȥ
ԭСк£
ԺѧĿ£һʥ֮ʱȻһߴӰͷſֲƴӴֳ֮
Ԫɽһˣʱֵǰ㣡
ɢȻʥΪŹǱ֡ݡʵţʥ˿ԲںˣòɢɱǿǲգۣؼʥˣҪǵʥˣ޷ҽθƳ档
ڴʿһĻ겻ѣԺһ£ɢ˱ϹϾһǰ
ɢ˼һһʱɱ֮ɫʵСҲøϷ͵ϷʥˣԺʲô£
´Ժʥ򻯶񵤣ǰһ棡Ԫɽ
ãѾͬ⣬һ˽ɣɢ˴һԪɽڿռ䶼ɹſռʧǰ
ʥˣ
Ԫɽգ֮䣬ʥ˹֮ǰķӣвΪԺɢվһԣԪɽָʼʥ
ʥ֮ϣһñʯǶɵıһӰֳģκò
ԪɽսʥͼҶͶӰ٣ʩ񣺡Ժ£ԪɽΪ򻯶񵤡
żɽ£¾Уˮ
ҶͶӰף𣺡ԭ£Ժ̩λܸƳѣҲ亦ʥ˴⣬ȻܾˣǴ֪ԺҪٵҩ
ԪɽһЦԺдѧӱƳ洫ȾҪһŻ񵤣ʯѴ
ȻԺƴ֣µҩʲô豾һϹͨΪ廯ԴȻҲѵģƳҲ綾ҪĴͷһʮƷʯҶֵ
һʮƷʯ
էȻһԪɽͲƽͫ¶ʹϧһʮƷʯһѧӣҪǧڼƷʯɲһСĿһǼƷʯЩ߼ƷƷʯ
Ʒʯԭ޼̩֮λ汾ԴɣԺƷʯҲ֮ء
ðɣʮʮֻ򻯶񵤵ʯ֮ѧǰٰʯ
Ԫɽ΢΢ɫ˼һ˼һλѧʮƷʯȻԺռ˱ˣôʯۣԺʧƷʯ
ԽԽ࣬Ҫʯ촫ǵʯǻ㣡
һ֣ʹԪɽȡһö䣬ȫǼƷʯЩʯȥʸɡȻڱħ𾻻֮أ󣬴̫ͿֱӴ͹ʼǳء
ڵͷҶֻȫǴϻģƻ񵤣лⸯƳ涾ԴҲһ£׽ɢĸƳ֮УҶȳΪӮҡ
óһöָԪɽָһöö񵤣ԪɽʱüͷչЦӭˣЩҩԺ˵ǾݣѧӻΪ񵤶һ
ˣһˣʲô޾Ҫҩ
ʱɢ˹ӵ⴫
޾Ҷһое֣޾̩λ滹԰Ϊֵ治С
̩λȻǵͼλ棬ռ֮󣬶ٻԶӵҲΪ֡
޾Ǹո֯ɵھ޾ΪһͷԾ޾Ϊ޾򣬾޾ӦǾ޾Ҳڶͷ֮һҾ͸ǣ
ԪɽҶƺԾ޾ɻ󲻽⣬ҶȽһȻٴοʩתȥ
޾򣬿ҲһͬɽĻ˼˼ԺһҲ֪ԺԺҲ᲻
ڱ֮ϣҶЦʥԶҶۼƵĲƸԽԽҲԽԽࡣ
¾ʥ
ãԪɽȥƬ̣һçųȴ󲽣ʥλçһװ磬϶ǻͼڣӻһȦʮͷһΪҲĪ⣬һŸ͹һʥڷڡ
ԶǿͣҾʥǾ޾ˣ
֮ϵҶͶӰñ仯ţһĹͣûи߸ơ
Ǿ޾Ŵ֮һͣǴ޾
çֱ͡ǸԸֱ˵ƳѾ޾ڻûȫ汬ҲдȾˣαǰǹ򻯶񵤣⣬ʥ˸֣ȥ޾һˣѱȾ׾
û⣬֮͹ʥˣ㺫Ҷƽ˵

ͺȻʮìܣ󣬺ܾãŵû⣬Ǿ޾ոճ϶װװóµʱʥ˻޾ﷴԣ
ҶȺȻˬЦȻųĶһжչض֮޾˭ҪʥϣҾɱһӰ٣ҪôȻȫ⣬ʥȲ£Ҳ£ɣ
ҺҲûл˵ҲˣҲ֪ʲô޾˵Сˣǲάʱ֣µһеȻֱ׳
޾ﺫʹһɽӣұ
úãȴŻȻȥԺǰ޾򣡡Ҷó뺫͵潻ףȷ󣬺;͸Ƕȥ
˼˼ʿһѪ޾Ҳһ̫ҵ۹չ룬̩λķ򶼴Խͳף
ߺͣҶȿЦһ֣Ͱɢٻãڴƻ񵤷Ժ͸Ƶҩ
лˣ
Ϊʥ˿ŹɢˣһֱĴŭȴҶȸĪʵȴõҶȴƻ񵤷ҶȷǳҲͨ
ҶĿȻ仯Ӱ֮лûã̩λô꣬һʶϹŶʥʱģ̫ҵ۹һͳλ棬ҪǿߣҾͽһҪ£ϹŶΪ̫ЧҾͻͻɰ˽ף
ˣ£̩λ洳ʮ꣬˵ԺϹŶʶңԶϹŶҲʶڸңԶ򣬻ɾŽ׵޵оͷڣ
ںܴһƬλ籩󷽣һϵʥأΪʥ졯ǺܾǰҲ򸽽Ϊλ˶ʥȥʥƮԶ֮Уµһӱǿ׷ɱɱ籩룬ʥ죬ʥ֮кܺý飡
ʥΪλԵѾڽ٣һֱʥӻ룬˿Խʥ죬£ʱԺҲ޷Ტۣ
ɢ˸Ͻ˵


443 һսŴ
ʥ죡
Ҷէһ;Ӧ÷ǳǿ󣬶ɢ˾ԲƭҶȣԪҶȫƿأҶȿԸоԪ񲨶֮пԸӦɢ˾Բƭ
ɾŽף̩λ澹ȻֳΪǿߣǲ˼飬ɾŽ̩λ棬Դ̩֮Ҳû˵֡
λ籩ֲ̫ʥǱλ籩Χǧ겻ϸʴ嶼Ҫʥһλ籩ʥأȴʥ෴һʥء
ʥ֮ʥΪ죬ɾŽףʥʿǧףɾʿ洦ɼۺԺҪǿһ֣ʥʥӱԵǨƻϧλ籩̫ǿ󣬼Ҳܳλ籩֮ܳ룬ΪһεһڶҲ޷ȥǺڶ̫£Һû̫ңԶպʥ죬ʥǧַֺ꣬ڶúڶ
ɢվñֱҶȾ˵ü֮䣬ѿǷ˼;һ¡
һ֮ɫȻݣɢ˼˵ˣܰʥܼλ籩ߣȻҲܰʥӱԵǨƻֻҪõʥһͳλ棬ȻҲ׶ˣ
ҶֽкããҰѾ޾ãһͬǰʥ죬ʶ֮УӦûвϹŶɣ
򵽴ʥ֮Уȷ̾ϹŶе֮УԼмˣ
˵ɢҡҡͷȷĵЩ˾߶аҵʮ£Щ˶ĸϹŶڱչͻɰ˽סŽףҪǳֻǿֶΰѹסЩǲУ
ھʹ㻯֮ڿʼҢƿաɲڽһǻ
һʥ⻷ҶͷųҶ΢΢һ֣ɹ⻷ͻΪʥɢɨȥ
ˡ
ʥâϯ֮£ȫӿɢ֮У֮ɢһƬؿռ䣬ʼʥ⣬ƻ񵤡
ָ֮䣬ǼȥҶҲյ޾ʹݵϢҶȿԶǰ޾ΪʿⸯƳ棬ͬʱҲҶȾƳ涾Ľ
ҶϢһͷŴǧͼֱӴԽռ䣬ɳǣ޾һδδԽȥ
޾ڹ󷽣һƬƫƧ֮УƫƧʿȻһЩǿҲС
̩λķս׷ɣҲһӦ𣬶չΧչ޾һɲ
޾Ȼһͷ޾֮С
Լ칦ҶȾһƬǰһ޾׳ĻҲɾ̾һʧǿա
ǣ޾֮һ֮һ澧ϵȫտɫȥһ貶Ŀıʯھ޾֮иҫۣһͷǿζ
֣ʥֶΣȻѹƳ棬ǾȥҾ޾롮ڡսҪʵǳûʥ£
֮ϣŴƯգ·ޱ߷ӡͷž綾ĽھŴ󷽣ʿ
Ŵ֮žˣھ޾Ŵһˣ࣬ڲһһȻҲѹȺһأ˿ҲʾЦλΪͬˣҪûѸλʥɲ򵥣ɢλŹɰ˽ΪһʥѹǿɲҪʵ䷴˼ң˼ƣ
ͣɲ磡
λһλ꣬һѩ磬ǽ쳤ۣһӣҰλҪ߳һأͣЩ٩֣µˣΪνҪ־Լ磿
˵꣬Ҳͣ˵ɢʲôҵ껲ûֻûнֶѣ̤˽꣬ȴ̤˽꣬Ტ۵ģңǾŴǿԺϹŶǿߣѵһʥ
һλѮİԼǣһֱԺѹסκòһᷴˮǴٷչĺʱ򣬳ûʥˣٻڣֱ򣡡
ֻȥһǣȻõСˣȻҲʼ٩Ц͡
ֻûж취ӻ֣ȻǲҵĽ飬Ҳ˵ʲô
ǰ
ʱ򣬴ӹ񷣬һӰһƶƲ㣬ϵؽ
ҵȹʱ
վڵʾ£ҲվͬͿգ˼һʮİ꣬ӢӢһһͷ޷ԶҲ죬κϢ
꣬Ҷȡ
ΪΪ޷͸һˣ
Ŵһһɻ󣬶޷ҶΪؼûиоκϢǷˣҪôˣҲܣˣôߣˣί½硣
޾ŴΪ˽ף˽ǿ߾м꣬һƫƧ򣬾Ȼô࿰ϹŶǿ֣߳
ھŴҶ֮ʱҶҲڴǣңĿһ㲻޾Ŵʿ̫ǿ
һλλʼҽܣҶʶ֮󣬰ߴָסΪߵİ˽ǿߣ껶ҶʩѾӡã鷳ʩչͨأ
⣡
ҶžŴʿһӵ£ʼ䣬ǧ׸߿֮ϣͷſֲ綾Ľǰ
ᣡ
һطӡҶ˫ֽӡһʼӿһʥ޵Ĺâʼͬˮϯãء
ΪףǾŴǰҲʲôǾ֣ɰ˽۷ǿ߶սʤòİϹŶֻһõϹǿ߰ˣ
ʥռݴҶڿΧƷˣǾܵõЩֱ̣ӳԽ
Ҷʩչ֮ͨʣŴȴϷʼϼıΪ뷨˳
һλ˷ܵͷ޵ȷЩֶΣѹסɢǿߣҲԵ֣еڣ־ѹˣյ뷨ȡʥǾ޾ͿֱӰչΧ
ؼ˾ȻпƸƳֱޱȲƸĴ־øƳ棬ȡʯȥʥ˳ΪԺӴڣ
ʥΪǴʵֻҪƷˣǾֱժȡӣǺֲΪðգҲҪһԣ
Ҳһ˵Լ뷨˵˵ȥʥΪֻкһ˲ȻҲûзˣϾǾ޾ҲҪ漯ţһΪ
ҿ˹ȻӵϹͨȻôͰѴһһһܰѸƳ綾֮У֪˵׵õϹŹ죬ǾܵõϹ湦
껼Ȼ۷ŶĿ⣬Ц˴ǾͲüɵƳ棬ռƳ棬ȥǵɢƳ棬øƳֱӶȡ
ɢƳ棡
˴һЩëȻѵ껵޵ħͷõĺ˴ֶΣ׽̸ݡ
λѾ㶨
һ칦Ҷ˫һϣһɹа֮У޹ĽҶ׾ٸָԭȻûκζֲʮֻ꣬дУΪһʥء
ǺֶΣֶΣ
ŴҶߣҶһ̾ǵ껺Ȼ˵ֵܣֶⷬΣǾףֵ֪û˼λһɾϴҵ
Ҷզϴҵ
ͫ˸ȴЦȻһٶȡ̩λ棬ɨƽ˷ǿУ޾۹ȡԺﵽ̩۹ָ߶ȣ
λ˷ңԺɽȷʵǷչʱڣ»δ뵽ҪΪλʱ죬޾ܶȡڽɽʱҵǻԥλ
ҶȺƽؿžŴ˵
һλһ룬⣬ֱʥ˿һ⣬һʥ˿ǵõʮΪʯҾ޾ȱԴϣֵܰһѣóһЩҾ޾÷չ
ԶԣʥǼҴҵ󣬶Ҿ޾԰ʥ˹Ͻһ鲻һԣЦ
Ǻǣҿλûг⣬ƭ˴ΪʲôƳ棬ʥ˶ɣ
ȻҶȿŴ˼ɫ
ڲſ
껿Ц˴֮ˣһҶΧסһֱֲӰҶסҶȣǲӦҵԤϣֻɱΪǿס
ǡҶǻڲǰڳһϧæ顣
λôΪǾѣͲΪֱӶȡʥ˼ɣʱ򣬺վ˳
һλɱͷųƲһۺͣЦ֣һΪǻܷŹ

סҶȣͻȻ˫֣ЦղǸ뾪ţȫʧ֮һƵ
ЦʲôͷҪˣǺͲ֣ǰ˴Ҳ£ΪѹɢˣͰԼ޵Уֵǣ׼ϣ
˲䣬͸ŷɱһ˴ʼλҶƬռ֮С


444 
޾˴ǿаҶڿռק߿գٳ˴ͲõĿռҶȱ˴Χסһֻᡣ
֣㵽ǲҾ޾һӣ
˴Ҷ֮У׷׸ͣɫֱָ͡
Ц֮ԱǣλֵܣȴٴζҺĹ䣬֮£
һΪ⺫ΪҶȣɱݺ᣺㵹壬֣ǾŴģ棬ˣ²֣ȰѴѹ˵
˼˼
˴ǿ߰ΧҶȻ˫֣޷ԶҡҡͷЦ˰Ϊĺܣȴ֪ˣ޾ҾˣǾŴʵף̫ҵ۹Ҫλ棬Ҫָ֣
ʲô̫ҵ۹֣
˴һͻȻ֪ҶʵĪ⣬ȻɱУ˷ֻΪһǾƣǳֱֻӻͬһʱ䳯Ҷɱ
޾ÿһΪ˴ƿؿռ䣬˵Ҷȣɰ˽۷ǿҲ޷ɱ
ɱƼ򵥣ȴ̺ռ󣬰˴ŷɱ󣬳־ֱӰѿռ飬κʶҪ
䡭
ڰ˴ֹ֮£ҶȹȻûܿܣᶼûУ˾ſռ䱬ըʼһ飬˹ʼռڽɱͬ˵ˣһ¶Ҫ
ܸᣡ
¡¡¡
˴ȻɥĲʩչǿѿռ飬˵ˣκμӲʶҪըΪȴŹٴͷһͨըռһλ
ʬǿշ籩֮УǾ޷õƸƳϹͨӡ
ռ䣬ڰ˴ǵΪɱˣҪõҶǿƸƳֶΣʲôǲŻȻ׹ɱɱۣæʩչӡռӺڶ֮г
˴ͬʱƣĻΪһ⣬ʼռ޲κλϢʧǣֳָĿռ䣬ȴ˴кͶɵˡ
ɿռʲôûУվҰ˵֫ʣûУһ·Ҳų
˴ֱˣôҲţһ֣ͷʣɣҪ֪ɸεȼӲȲҲҪӲǰ˴ʵοֲȴҲʲôʣ
һҡҡͷüͷŵ⣬ɨռ䣺ˣˣôһ֣ѿɰ˽׵ǿߣôˣͷӶʣ㣿
һڣĦȭƣСԭ˲ãܵõʥʲôãûпƸƳֶͨΣѹķ
ڳӶˣˮһհ
ţ
ͻȻĿռ䣬ʼûŤǿˣ٣Էɰ˽׺εôָоõһʱòס
Ƭռƺһ״̬ã˿ռ䣬ǿȥһλߣȻûӴΪߣʵҲǸĪ⣬һ۾Ϳռйթһ˲ŻȻ
Ŵ곯˷ӳЩΪǿȻ磬ÿ˶𺳷֣Ҳ޷ռ䣬ռŷһ޻ñ䣬Ǿ֮дصƽཻ
ˣ޷ѱƿأ
ھŴͷ֮ʣһӰȻڿռ֮ϣ˸һ¶
ʥ
ܣܣǰ֣ɱ㣬ܣ
ŴͬʱֹͣԽ뿴ۣ֮Ǵ߳Ҷȣһ˲䣬ŴԼ۾ҶȾȻѵسǰ
Ϊѹɢã֪νڱǰ־ֻгˣҲ£
Ҷһ֣ռͱ仯ֳ֮УʿŴֳ治ѣѾҶһȴĳ档
޾㲻ҲʲôǾͳڱ汾ɣ
ˣҽһ£Ժ£ҶȣȻһжݣ֪ʥ̫ǰʥ֮ʥ˲ǱҪȡ̩λһֶζѣ
Ҿ͸ǿһ£ǷҪңߣȻֻ·һҪɱǣ׺ף
Ưۣ֮Ҷȸߴ콵٣ʱɭΡƣһɫ˵
Ժ£ԣһλ½£ΪҶȣû뵽Ǵ˰
ˣˣŸոɾ޾û뵽ΪⰡ
Ҷȵ޾һз֮ģղʩչ޷ӿռߡ
ƿؿռ䣬˾Էտռ䣬ǾǿҲ޼£ֻб˳նɱ
껣Ǿ֮Ϊ֮ˣʥҪǿߣϣܴͷȻ
ʣ޶ԣڹӣҶȸ껣ֱ
˲ɵһҶ˼Ƭ̾ˣҶҪɱ껾޾ͷΪʣӦ˾ͲҷڲӦôҶȾͻɱ
ҶֻǶ̶һ仰ˣɱҲɱֱ׳Ѫ죬˽ı뷨
ҳˣ
Ŀ£껾ȻֻԥƬ̣˫ϥأҶȸ׳Ƴ
ˣ
Ҳһһ¹򣬾ǺͣҲҶȸߺһˣʿøѻȸ
ǵ걾Ѿƿأˣھ̫ҵ۹һӣ۹ѾĴ󻤷ӦϤֱɢˡҢƿաɲڽ棬ǾҲΪŴ󻤷ʮλ
̩λңȴһԺԺ׽̡ɽԵܾˣǾʥ壬ոķƳ涾ĽʥԽԽޱߣ
ҾʹǾŴ󻤷ƻ񵤵İ취޾ʹӴʧʥˣ
ಡ
Ҷ˵˶ҿ궼ҶգѾʧȥһУֻжҶȫӣҶȿĨɱ꣬䣬ԶҲ޷
ŵʥ֮⣬Ŵȥ˽Ӵʥһ̣һͳԺ
޷ƻ񵤵ģҪſԣ÷ӡǵԺƵҩ֮ʱʱԶã
ţҶŹ̫һӡŴ󻤷֮У˾͸оһɺԶŵڵ֮аӪկһǿʹ
ھǴȥ޾򣡡
ŪһУŴ󻤷ʼشӵҶȣ׼޾ǴͣȴҶֻһ֣һʮ˾ͳǿ֮УȻ֮дԽѹƣһ𺳣˼顣
˲䣬ԭҶͨòĿʼΪҶǴӡ
Ҷͨƿ֮£ھ޾ǿ֮ţҶҲѾ޾˽߰˰ˡ
ţ
ȻҶһŴ󻤷뿴һǿշ򴫵ݶҶץģһ̣ҶϳһĨ㵣ַһ£ǵ쾹ȻͻϮԺ򣬴֮У߹Ժһɽ֮񣬲׽ҲʼԹԺʽ
죬ǸţȻʵӹԺ߳񣿡Ŵ󻤷岻һ𣬵ȷǴ¼
ҰĲʵɰ˽۷壬ұһΪɽǱһУ˳Ҫģ
ɽԺ֣׽ֽԺȡʣһݳ̩λѾڱ仯Ű˷ô˷ˣʥ˻ǲҪд洢ʵԺֱֱ
ҪȥɢȥңԶһˣѰһɾŽǿΪѣһ£ˣǾͿ淢ķλʼʼԸǿڣκ⣬͸߱
ǿԷȥɣκﶼüɵˣҲںҶȶԾŴ󻤷ϸֲ֮˾ͻΪһ裬ʧ
Ŵ󻤷ҲȻһɿռ޾һ֮ڡ
ȥ޾Ӵ˸ΪʥˣռǾŴ󻤷Ҫƻ񵤣
Ŵ󻤷ص̿ʼæµ


445 ؽԪ
ԺƬڶս֮УɽΧ򲻶ϳڲƽսҲһ
ǣһ򣬴˿̣ڵһ۹ټ봫ȴԺԮ¡λѧӽ١
ԺҲλѧӻԺͺֻϧ޹䣬ҲûвüĿʧȥһλǿߣԻҴǾ޴ģ񻯼ɾֻȼˡ
񻯼桢۹ϻʵۣ۹֣˷ͷ죬ȴٵǿߡ
Ҳ֪ػǵһλ
ȴ֮УһЩ۹󳼸֣ͷ׷ۣɽԽԽͣþҪǣҪ֪ʿǶǳ˲¹ͷҰޣֻ
޷ȥ޷룬޷뿪ȥѣֻеȴɽɱţھԺŴӦɳλѧͬʱҲػΧ

ȻΧԺػߣվñֱȴ½ٶ
˿գǴϿտʼŤһشʼ봫ռӲһλѧӡλѧӿʼ֣һһ봫ƺƺƵ㼸λλѧӣʮλѧӣˡ
ӭ£
֮λѧӡλѧӣ飬ûһ˿ңͳͳӰʼٶ
ǡҶ£棬ҶȰ
۹߲֮Уһͨʮ׸֣һĿ£ʱŵɫˢףԻ滯Ͻ˵
ʲôô
Ҳһ㵣Ҷ̩ӸԺʥصﻯһλѧ䣬ˣһֱı߻ԸҶȣҶֵλѧӻ𣬳ûҸ߲סҶȡ
ŻĪ䣬ּҶȳΪµӣڼʮڣһΪ£ûҲб֮ҶһΪңһֱûзҲȻػǡ
ڣҶͻȻٶҸ߲һ᧿ΣʼҶȲҪΪҡ
뻯ҵڶԹ㵱ʥأ֣նɱʧȥڼ㣬˲èӣ
Ҷǧǰ˹ޱȣȴ򻯼ң꼸
ʮǰҶҶ˵һԺľޣŶãδʲôߵҶڻǰΪ˰ߴڡ
ҵ뾡취ҪԸңǲŹǵġȻԹԺ֣᳽񣬴һҪ˻ңǾ;䣬ҵı𣬾Ҫȥ£һɾŽǿߣʱҾͿ̩λս
һ򣬶ʱǲɽ֣һЩʱ򣬳˵죬Ҳ֪ѩںδԺҲûκϢһȥͶ죡
Ҷȸ߸ϣͷŸ߲ʵƣǧʿֱᲽ빬֮УһߣһԻλѧӸ棬ֵǰ˷ͷβ롣
ҶȲŽ£һŮ£Ժ¼¹Ŷ֮УλͣҪҲֲǣȫˣڲֱӲս
ǣʥˡ
ƣҪȥһƫƧ򣬹ƶӾᣬʮҲֲڣ
Ӿ޾ص֮ҶȾͿʼж뿪֮ǰѳħٻܿռ䣬ҶȰʮٴħڡ
ħغһʱɢһƿصıԴ̾һϹ壬ܸоͬԴƣϴȥɣ̫ҵ۹ʥǰκ飡
ಡ
ҶһӰʧڿռٴγ֣ѾǾϵ֮С
ˣɢҲӾϵֳ֮һ£ͷԷͷŹϿݼϢǿȴҶȱϹϾ
֮䣬ǧͼͷųƿʮǿգҶȰɢǳ֮У޾ȥ
ɢ˿Լãã֮д󣬼ֱѪڣɰ˽ΪȴҲ޷ǿͣʮȴһ·Ծǲ˼顣
ͻͨ쾳ʮףںϳҶھǲôǧͼֱñԴҲǿշУԺһǿǧ䡢̩ӿ⡣
ʱɳ۶һ£˴Խʮ򣬾̩λ֪ŶǺӡ
һƬû˿֮УȻͬдԽǿգͻȻһˣˣǱ޵ǿߣӰȥޣܸܵһϤϢѵǡؽԪˡ
ؽԪˣҶȴδ֡
ؽԪҴﵽɰ˽ΪҪʮ꣬Ϊһֱûȥ̩λ룬һֱڻ֮ǱޣڵΪǼ籩ɣˣһֱǰҲڣû뵽Ҳδ뿪
ԸŹ֣Ǹ˵ˣҲϲǿʤΪ̩λ󷨸֣û˸ҳƵһǰǷ籩ǳֱʣ
ִ򣬺ȻһƬ籩ɵǺ֮У籩֮УһȻҲʮۺ񣬵Ƿ籩ӳ֣򣬸û·롣
һĻҶҲʮ𺳣÷籩ôҲȴ޷ؽԪɶ칤޵ȷȻܰǳ籩ɴ󣡡
ɢˣ겻ѵһʥ죬û㳤𣿡
˿籩֮ʱӷ籩ͻȻͷһϼ⣬һλ߸ߴͶӰӾϵֳ
ؽԪ֣겻ãֵΪִһϲϲΪǰǷ֮ؽԪֳֵģ
ˣ
ؽԪΪ̾һɣɢˣƢʵΪʹ֮ĪǾλΪĺ
ҶȱȭҪȡ̩λ棬ϣǰ֣ܰһ֮Ȼǰͻɰ˽ףﵽŽףʮ״ԲҲ⣡
֪С̩λ̫ͼҪ޵ɾŽףûǲܵġؽԪ˴Цһ䡣
ˣ⡭ɢû뵽ؽԪ˻ܾ˸ɴ࣬ЩΪ
ҶȴһҲԷһϹŶҲȻģҶȺȻЦҿǰǳ籩һϹ÷籩ͻư˽ףϧǰǼ˽ƣһ˶޷򿪣ǰ÷籩˺ƣ뷨ǲ籩Ҳ޷˿ҿǰͲҪ˷ʱ䣡
Ȼܿϸ
ؽԪʮִ̾ʼ򾧱ϵֳȻһλɷǵˣҲ°߲ۼ֮䣬ѻס
ϷΪɢܼԦǿգֲϷ֮ǰûû뵽ͨȴλ֣֮ãȻǽɽв˳һ˻ˣˣܴ򿪷ƣϷͻϾŽףϷ˵õ̩λ棬Զ׷Ҳ⣡
ؽԪ־ϲĵϷȣһλ̩Ĺȫ̩̩õλ棡
ԣ
ಣ
ҶͻȻһɢֱӴ籩سؽԪڵϷֱӴԽؽԪ˲õĿֲ籩
ȻƽϷ겼õĴ󡭡ˣȻͨɣ
Ҷɢ˲Ѵ֮Ͷȹ籩ڲؽԪ𾪺һ󹦷򣬱ɴشһ⣬һϵĽɫֳҶǰ
ԭһƷֲǰ޷ƷҲʮֲף
ƣ
ֻĿһɨͿƷʣؽԪˡɢ˶ˣδѹҶȾһָڽ֮ϡ

ֱҶһ㣬ʱһһɸ߼ɽʱ˸𿪣ؽԪˡɢ˶޷ֵɰԵҶȻ𿪣ֻס
һ룬һָڽ֮ϣԱ˾ͿһǳһͬҰӿ֮Уֿʼ
֣֣Ҷȴݵѹ⸱ƣʵؽԪˡ
Ҫ֪ǳ籩֮궼ûкְ֣ȴû뵽Ҷȴ׾ٰѽѹ֮еɱͨ̾硣
ؽԪֵ֣һ仰ˣ˵ͻƾŽףʮ׶û⣬ͿŰɣɢ˼ؽԪ飬ͷжԭտʼؽԪ˶ܣڲĽǼʣɢҲоһ
ٿ
һֲƣͬǧ򽣴ӽֱ
־ͷŶĿ⣬Ҷ֮ϣҶָһһ־ͷؽԪˣˣѾûκ⣬һںϣ˾ͻڰ̤ԾŽףһ֮ʮڲ⣡
ӡȻ⿪ˣããȻ˲űϷΪɽ
ؽԪ˼ԶƣԸɣ֣ҿһȥʥ죬Ϸһ··Ҳȥʥ쿪۽磬ô꣬У
ǰ룬һȻ˳˳ˮֻҪ£ʥ죬ȡ̩λͲ⣬ߣ
Ҷٴﶯ䣬գ۾ͳڷ籩֮⣬޾ǿȥ
øֶΣȻϢ֮д󡭡̩λ˭֣ؽԪ˴ޱ𺳣һ·ɢ˿ʼнš


446 ʥ
׾ͰؽԪ£ΪãҶ֮УؽԪΪɢˡ˻ҪѾﵽɰ˽۷壬۷Ҳ̤ƿؽԪϹŶҪͻƾŽ׾ͱԵ
ؽԪ˵õһƷȴ޷˺ѷӡȡԶҲ޷ͻƾŽףٵʮ꣬վǳ֮С
õҶȰ⿪ӡؽԪ˻ȡͻɾŽ׸ܲ£ҶȵؽԪˣؽԪϹŶõҶȰȻҲҪʩˡ
ǶȣؽԪҪӲģҶƷҲֶ̫ΣҪսҶֻǲϣǿˣ˳ʵ֮
ֹ˼죬˷ŷǿվͷĿȥֻпտޱߵûκʯһĻλ籩ڷڣȻռһƬ˴λ籩̩λʮټ
λ籩̫ʱ̾ƬҶȹţǰƬλ籩̫Ҫ󼸱㿰ô޴
λ籩ķ򣬿նһʯʶλ籩
ɢ̾ΪֹʥƬ󷽣޷ƹȥλ籩γһĻγֱֱӰأҲżȻз϶֣겻Ҫȥֻǿͻλ籩
˴λ籩ȻƬ򶼸λ籩Ǽʷ籩ҪֲٱҪȥѣ
ؽԪ˿š籩ݺ򣬲һС֮С
ʲôǰҴԺУһݳѾں̩λ汾Դλ籩ҲǱԴ˵Сһ
˼һҶҲ¶ЩɫҪ֪λ籩̫Ӵޱߣ˲ƣһͨܵ籩ռ赲һռĪȻӵеɳ綷Ҳ޷˳ȥ
һռǿͨڷ˵֮٣쳣ǧ磬ռ䷨ҲʮĪȻ˲ŵõɳ綷ӵɳ綷ܷӳɳ綷ǰôӴ籩Ͳ¡
ͨԴһ
Ҷ˫һץһָӡһɳʥͨʼݺ˰ΧС
ǧλ棬ںͨ
֮Ͻһͨں̩λ汾Դγǰһɾ޴ͨţҶͷŴǧͼӳУӵһϢл̫һ
ͨں̩λ汾Դ򡢴ǧͼ̫һҶǿĿռͨ
ǡ
ɢؽԪ˼ֳͨм̾ϵʥбԴϢһŵĴоͨȥ֮ϡ
ߣ
ҶȻһָվڴ֮ͨУŷվһ̫ž޳У͵سλ籩˺ҧȥ
䡭
ͨոӿ籩֮У͸о籩ؽɱͨǴ׮ַ籩Ҫͨ顣
վ֮УһоҪ籩飬ɣؽԪɢˣôһϹͷˣŵľҶȻҲ𾪣ȴһֱޱȡ
ڷ籩֮Ҵţо˲ڴ󣬶ɽڴͨڼԦλ籩Żƽ
ͬһҶСۣ籩֮лǰٶǺܻģҪҶһˣԽ籩򵹺ףȴҪտˣЩɢ
棬ͨͨ죡
ƽɢһֲƼоҶȲ޵
ǣǣؽԪ˼һĻĻ춯ֶΣҶͶأڲϿҶȡ
ǿӦþʥ죬ÿ򣬺ȻޱȣһƬʥظ
Ȼһ籩ڴҷ籩ͷҶ˫ͫͷһ⣬Ϳڷ籩Ե󷽣һƬӵ򣬹ģ򼸺£ҪӴ󼸷֣ʵ׳ۡ
Ȼʥ죬ѾܵʥϢϼһƺҪ̤ʮ״Բɽٷزˣ
ǰǽҲɾ֮̾Ҫɢ˵У˭λԵ֮УôһʥأֱʿеԴ
ʥȷΪɾŽסֱҪѹλ淨㿴ʥȼҪߣ˵ʥΪѾﵽ۷壡
ؽԪָʥ̾
ಡ
ۿڴͨҪɳ籩֮ʣͻȻһɸӡͨλ𶯣˾Ϳʮ޴ͨͻأؾʹʥֶ֮֮ͨУվһΪɾʿ
ʮ֮ͨУһ׼ֱСϣĽס׵ǣҲǱؿͷ߸߽ΪЩʿ»ۣ˸оࡣ
ߣ
ʮͨһһ籩ʥڽ֮ǰʮλ߽ǿ߼һǧλǿߣɭɭضסơ
ߣɱ⣡
δҶ˴ͨ뿪籩ʥʮ߽׸֣Ϳʼ
һʱ䣬ָ߼ɵͬ꣬籩ڵĴͨһǿջĿ档
ǲϵϷ𣿡
ɢ߲ѣû뵽ʥ죬ͱԷֹһ֣˷ͨǰ
ơ
ؽԪɢ˶޷ڷ籩֮г֣κͨҪ籩򣬻û򵽵ǷȾǷ籩ˣɾŽסʮ׸ֲѹƷ籩
ҶͻȻֳ籩Ѹͻһɨʱʥǿ֮ϣһֻʥֱ֣ӳ籩һץֱ飬ƬΪӨǻǿձĿǹ⡣
ɢʥڸֺλϷɢˣǰʥ죬ʥй飬ȥͨһ
ɢˣ
ʥ߱㵣߽ǿ߿ʼͷ⣬ڲ籩ȥ󲿷˿ɢ˶ʶмˣȴİһȻȻǰд򿪽ƣ
ˣ
ڲ򷢳һƽޱȵʥǧǿ߾Ϳ˼һĻ籩ڴͨȻֱӴƬƣûдκɵشˡ
ٸ棬죬죡
һɸ֣һĻˡ

ɲǼ䣬һ񡢲ɣʥƮ֮йһ𣬷׷׿ʥһʯȻ˹ʯ֮ϣһߴɵ캳أһˣһ½ۣͬʵۡ
ķһɰ˽ס߽סס׵ɸ֣Ȼ֮࣬ƺƵԦʯ𺳲񷡣
ɢ־ϲҶȵˡǾʥ˽ĳϹŶ̩λ棬ҲҲڶˣ
Ҷ·⾪ϲЦݣʥͨ޵ȷǿɾŽףȴѾӵп˵ɽλʮ֣ͬ
֣ҲǹʺԶһδʥ죬Ȼʥնɱѣģ
ؽԪȴɢһĴָ
նȻԶ
ʯ֮ϣǰޱȵʥЦһĽۿʼûȫһףţͷ֮֮б֮һߡ
ǡʥ
ݼ棡
ʮͨǧɸ֣һʱ乧£ԽԽͷߺ
ҶȻ֮䣬ͨͲˣһ޿ռˣվǿ֮Уɢ˱ȭʥ֣겻Ϊַɰ
ʯ٣ǿҲֳŮ٣ûʥǰҫۣʥɢˣɳ֣̾һΪԶҲ޷ټû뵽ֵܾȻͨ籩
ʥ֣һ¾һֱ취ƽʥǧⲻˣⲻˣ
ɢûص㣬̶ҶʥˣҶȣҲһ֮ˣλʥ
Ҷ߳һȭʥƽĵʥκʥһ棡
˵˵
ʥһ⣬ƺ벻ףɢϹŶѾﵽɰ˽׵ϹŶô¡


447 ϹѪħ
Щݼǰ
ʥҶȴ棬ؽԪʶȻһ֣ǧʥͳͳǰɢ˼
һϽϹŶ֪жٺʥǧʿȫʥѪУȻȫɾʿֻû˽ֳǿߣ¡
һŽϹŶҲӪ߽ס˽ǿߣʥʮ״Բ˽ǿ߾Ϳԡ
λߣ汾ȥʥɽʥߣǰ·
ʥʼҶˣһǿߺƺƵվţҶȡؽԪˡɢʥǰǰУһ·β棬ݶС
ʥɽ򣬺Ȼһ޴ʥɽ룬ʥɽȻϵŷֱɽ
ʥɽ޴ޱȣΧǧɽӵ壬һʿÿһɽ嶼иΰر֮ϣһֱӽۣ̻֮Իͣھϵ֮˸Ŀʥ⡣
ʥɽȻһʥأҪӪ˹ģ治ף̫ҲҪʥɽ룬λһʥأǷһʥأ
׳ʥɽҶȼ֣̫ǣ֮һȣֱһؤһʵۣ̫ʥɽȣ̫ǲŵʮ꣬ʵ㣬ȣʥɽչǧϣԺҲ޷֮ȡ
̩۹ǧǰԺҲŲǧ꣬߰ѣʥɽȴѾǧԨԶʷ˵ʥ̩۹һҲ̩۹һݡ
ˣʥɽʥɽʥɽʥɣʥ޵ɾŽףٴΰʥɽ죬Ǻΰ׳ۣ
ƺƵʥɽʱѾʥɽѾۼǧʿɢԾ̾
ҶҲİкãʥɽȷһʥأԺǬʥأҲǲضã̩λ棬ѵõʥأ
ҶֵǼˣϷ̩۹ǲٰ
ʱ֮ϵʥҲҶһԻΪ⣬ǶʥɽĿ϶
ʥǰĪǻʶ̩۹
Ҷ˶⣬ʥ仰͸𾪣ʥȻʶ̩۹ĩǸʱ
ʥԶ⣬۲λʥɽ棬̩۹һϵʥɽһλʥ̩Ҳͬ˹ϵϧ̩۹𣬶ʥɽҲΪ˶λ籩޾Ե
ⷬһҶ˲֪ʲôϹŶʶ̩۹ĩڵһ֤λǨ
ȻҶҲύħֳ۳ֵܣڷ֮Уδʥ̩ɽ
ѡ
ʥɽϵؿʥɽ֮дԶź˺ؿҶ˵ˣʥɽ⡣
ٹ١Լǿ߼еӭ¡ʽӭҶˣʥֱӷʥɽ֮ۡ
ôλʥ컹ɣ֪ԺΣ
ʥʥĻƽ𹬵ʥʼƼȣΪ˽ӷϴһѣʥʼ⡣
࣬ҶȱȭԺʥ죬ٲʲôĿʥɽ֮ҲѪڣ̫úһӪ죡
ãʲôҪæģʥԳ˳
ʥ׷޷ԶԺȻֿҶʵˣҶֵܣ˼ƺͨʥ뿪Եػ򣿡
Ҷǫãʥʿع򣬵ûж⣬ȻƬ϶Уܰʥɽǿߣʥɽﵽ״̬̩λκʥأʵڿϧ
ܰʥɽȥ
ʥ֮ȫһ˫ͫ˼Ŀ⣬˿ҶʵƷɢˣ֤Ҷһܴ籩ﵽʥ죬˵Ҷпռͨⷽ泬ֶΡ
΢΢һЦҶȵͷȻԣҪһЩʱѣ
ʥȲʵ껹ǧꣿ
ʥ˼ȣҶȻƵᣬͬϪˮһָͷֻһ꣡
һ꣡
ʥסˣЩʥǿߣҲסˣҶȵһ㿴
ʥɽڱԵѾ꣬Դڿݽߣٹ꣬ƬҪ𣬶ʥɽҪһ£뿪
ʥôȸԾ˼ƺЩɣҶֵܿɲҪϷЦôˣһʥɽð꣬Ϳɣ
ֻҪһɣҪķҴԭҪƷԺɽλľɽ׽̣ȫʥϣܶкܴӰ졭ҶȿʼԺ
ʥͻȻĿһ㣺Īɽλʮ֮һ
Ҷȿ϶ԣɽʮ֮һľͨ޵Уʮ״ԲΪ½磬˿ɵ˵ƷԺһͳλ棬ʥɽҲҪΪɽū
죿
̩۹ǸʱǧǰɽλҪ̲̩λ棬ɳ֣̩ȫնɱһɱɽλ桭̩۹ĩʱɽҲҪλ棬ɾŽף񼸰ȥȴ޵ʮף
Ծйһ˽⣬ʥɫִδйļɵˣһޣ츳ͨٶȻϷҪ٣Ѿﵽ˵ȼֻûжɽٶѣ½̩λҪӭһ޷ĥս
Ȼʵʲô׽̣Ǿһֻϣ׽Ǵɽа̣̳һˣȻ׽̿϶һˣɽһڽ̣ʵôǿʲôɽҲֻ˸ǰɽһ֮һʵһͳλ棬ֻ̫ҵ۹Ȼʥ컹ʥ죡
ҶҲȥԼ˫ദҲ˵˸ס

ʥͻȻʹ캿Цʥ޷̤ʮףԸʥ뿪Ҷֵʥ뿪ôֻҪֵһ仰Ϸϵɽ»ҲüͷȻʥҲ̫ҵ۹
ǰ̫ʥѪֻߣãǰˬֱӣϾͿʼҶվȭ˵
ʥƱá
䡭
ҶȡؽԪˡɢʥҪɱ֮ʣʥɽ֮ͻȻһֲײڻζǾްԵʥɽҲ𶯡
棬²ãħֿʼӡħͷԽԽѹħͷ
ڻζ֮ʥ룬һͶӰһɰ˽ϸеĶʥ˵
ħֿʼˣ
ʥλʥ֮󣬷׷׷¾ƱɫҰһɫš١
λֵܣʥɽ£ѹһǧħԼǧǰʥոƬ򣬾ͷħħĺܣʥɽʵѹħ죬λϷһͬȥʶʶħɣ
ʥվɫɱһ֮ʼͷų
ãҲǺħ˵֣ҶȵͷӦʥһʥӿһС
֮УȻͷһȼյѪ⣬ħΪһֲѣҶȴؽԪˡɢʥУٸҲһͬ롣
УͷŷһϿռ䣬ķǼӲʯŷǾ֣͸ħԣħƵڲɱ
ˡˡˣ
ţһѪԨ֮бÿһ޶ǣѪԨͷʮλ֣һӡ֮ϣ·ȻһƬѪɫȼտռ䣬ڿռ棬Ưһɫǡ
ɫǷŷʲôŷǱնɣǷŷһҰħͷǣȻֻһǣŷƵģͷžħɷӡ
ÿһ£Ͱӡ𶯣ʮλػߣɫ԰ף٣ŷѾ͸֧
棡
ʥҶȵ˵ʮλǿ˿׷׳ʥʩʥÿһռ䡣
ǿҵħħӦò̩λ棬ǧꡭǴɽĳλ
ؽԪעаɫǣ˼һ˵
ؽԪ˵ĲħǴӦħﱾǿǿ֮н֣ͷǱնϣȻ̩λ棬ǡñʥ
ʥǻŰֲħǣһ֣СģҪٴѹȭ
ʥȻ֮ϣһԷӡ֮µħһƹһȭȭȻ̣Ϊһȭӡͬڵ͵سӡ֮аħǴȥһȭÿռ䶼𶯣һ


448 սħ
¡
ʥʩչȭﵽ£һȭӡ֮УͿȭӡȭڱŷһаǧȭ
һ԰򶼴һһȭͻħǣײͬİòϢ
ˣ
ʥɾŽ׿ֲһԵȭ£ɫǾȻ˿̵ƯѪɫȼտռ֮Уң֮ǰӼ٣ŷʲôҪƼ
ǵʲôħụ̈ʥһȭҪ飬һҪУȻħһӰ춼ûУ
ؽԪ˿һĻüͷᣬ֣һʥǿʵģʥ޷ѹħǡ
Ҷһֱħɫƽû˿ħӦһˣͨɣ˵Ǵɣֻһ֣Ҳ÷޷⣡
û뵽̩λ滹аҪħӳȥһһת̩λ涼Ҫ𡭡
ɢҲüͷ
ʮ·ȭ
һûѹסħʥûκ⣬붯ݣŷԤ֮Уȫʼͣڱһ͹
̤һѿռ䶼̤飬ǿֲһһȭһһȭԾڣշһ̣һȭ
˾Ϳ򣬳ֳʥգ۾ʹʮ·ȭǾǶӣץá
ʮ·ȭʩչʥŷ𳹵׷ſŷӡ֮Ѫɫռħһȭݺѹȥ
ʣǾʡ
ʥһ򵥡ȴ̺ǧµȭ壬ҶᣬҲ׿о衣
ʮǰʱ½ƳڣҶȾһɣ̵򹦣Ǽ£򹦶ôʹֱ࣬Բ塣
ǣִǳ幦֮УҶȶһƤǣӲȣǴﵽ˲£ûеոһա긴һ򹦣ҶҲûнⷬɾ͡
ɸ֣оҪǧܴﵽ
ʥ޵ɾŽףһʿȫͬһʿҪʹࡢӶҲһʿʮǿʥʮ״ԲҲսԽһʮ׾ͷ
Īģֻдͨأҵͨ볤ı˰
ʱ֮䣬ʮ·ȭγʮ˵ȭǿسӡ֮УѪɫȼտռ俪ʼĦȻһȭȭħ֮ϣ˲Ͱħû
䣡
ƶĤײʼаռ䡣
˴ӱը֮УͿŷʥ˽һ㣬ߴӰʩչʮ·ȭΧħ͵ضʹҪǸ顣
ɾŽס֣֣Ҳʥϣ߲ʮа
һͨؽԪ˴񫣬ҪǣͨһۿԼʵиһҲ
ɾŽףؽԪֵõ˰ͻƾŽҲֻʱ𣡡ɢĽ˵

ʥͻȻջ˫֣˳һŷļ
ˡ
ͬʱ䣬ǱʥöħȻҸȼһ㣬ͷŸǿʢħŷʲôħǵõѡ
ħ첻ı仯ʥɫ䣺ˡҲŪǺεħȻѹǧ꣬ûĥħƺѱ䣬һѱ䣬ʥɽ޷ѹˣٴηӡħ
ȵȣ
ۿٸ֣Ҫʥѹħ֮ʣҶȴһȻʥԱߣʥǰħܹ죬ԽѹԽҪʲôƼǾʥɽѣԣ
áǾ鷳Ҷֵܣ
ʥܾ˭ħԽԽ죬Ҫû£һѱ䣬ǾͲˣҲҶһʮ
ʥɽǧѹħûѹȥħǿڱҪôиǿѹҪôҶȥһ¡
ಡ
ҶȾȻֱӽ˷ӡ֮Уаռ䡣
⡭ҶֵܣҪСģǧܴ⣡
ʥû뵽ҶȾȻϢӡռ䣬ѡڿռ֮ħԿħռ䣬Ҫƴ룬˵ѹħᱻħǡ
֮࣬ҲʥҶȳģһ棬ûҲԿҶȵͨ
ˣ
ؽԪɢ˼ҶȽӡ֮Уֵģʥһ𾲹۱仯ǿҲ׷Χ£
ħԡƵѹѪأ̫Զˣ
ӡռ䣬ͲòӴȼյѪ⣬ȻѪħԣʼӿҶǸոմҶȻͱֱ𿪣Ӳ˼£ȻѪ⡣
Ѫռ䣬ҶħѹѪ֮УѪأռ䲻ʲô
ڵ֮Уħռ仹Ҫֲʮħȷ
գۼ䣬ҶڵֲֿҶȼ£аħħȵȣƬаռ޷Ტ۵ġ
ҶֵܹȻֶΣʵף̫棬Ȼħ˼顭
ûҶȳ֣ʥͿҶȲ֮ͨȻǿٱԻ̬ȡ
̫һ̫⣬޷ɼԦħ
ҶһһͥŲħƺɲǼ䣬ħ͸ܵвһμӿ졣
ͻأ֮䣬һħӰħ֮ͷųȻΪһ壬һɫͬħӰ塣

ħӰֱһҶȾһץٶ֮죬۶Կ塣
Ķ֣
Ҷȵһʱûѡ㣬رܣѡ濹⣬ץһץͳħӰȥ

ռͻȻһҷڣҶħӰնֻץһ𣬲¡
ʥؽԪˡɢ۾ֱˣʥ𺳲ѣҶֵܾȻʵħﾹȻܻûħӰ壬ħӰʵҲʮװ
ҲǵһμʩչʵɢΪ𾪣Ҷһʱ䣬һֱûмҶʩչֶΣһѹ׾١

ħͬһħӰƺŭˣŷ˵һˣȻսѹſ죬³һħҶȾһն
ѵֶ֣ҽͿҵ޶ȣ
ҶͻȻ˫֣ػʧȻҪӭħӰǿֲħֱӶԿ

һĻˣħӰһȻնҶȼϣ˿оëսľңħǿնҶȼϣонҴ̶

ҶͻȻһԵֱӰħɣȻһ̫һأ֮ӿҶͨʮ׾編
ͨʮף
ɢ˵һˣ벻ףںܷѽ⣬һֱ޷ҶΪΪҲһǿߣ
ôͨʮףͨ쾳
ؽԪ˵ڶˣͨ쾳찡ͨ쾳ôʵبδУؽԪɣǲǻ̫ãˡ
ͨ쾳ţﰡ̩һ׿սʤףͨʮףӵʮΪ
ֵʥҲ޷ҶΪΪһɸ֣ҪôǳߣҪôסĽףˣŷжشʲôɾͨ쾳
ͨ쾳ӵжԿʮ׵ʵ̩λδй̩־Ҳû˿ֲ֮УҲڶˡ
ڳʥǿߣһĻ˼ͣˣʥˣ֮໹ܷǶľͷˡ
ء
ħӰ巢ԼһûնҶȣʱŭˣٴһħȻʼϳһħħ
͡
ħһռȼѪ⣬ȼյø׶񣬶Ѫ⿪ʼħᣬħӰƺҪҶһƺѾǰ֮УӵоϢ
Ŷ
ҶȻ˫֣ħӰȻҪռǧħԶħ֮УҪԼһüͷȴ֣Ц񷣬ӣռ䣺ħͷΪǷ磬ݲһħɣڱǰΣǺãҾٻһħͷ㿴жɽʲô˲𣡡

ٿ
һħŭսϣֱſ죬ҧסħҶһն¡
ƣ
ꡭ䣡
ħնһ˲䣬Ҷͬħֱһȭħ֮ϣһʥֲħ飬ڿռڴ
ҶȲûͣһſָͰħӰģʱһʥ֮С
ȥҶֻ⼸֮䣬ͰħûħӰѹħ롣
ˡ
ʧȥħӰ⣬ħٴμңһΣʲô춫ҪƼħһҶȳ˿־塣
ӡ֮ϣʥɢˡؽԪǿߣִ㵣Ҷһǿ֮ͨ䣬ģľ
УҶɱħռ䣬κȥоͰħӰѹʥҲ޷ÿĪΪˣԺȫҶǸΰӰ
ˡ
ҶͻȻһħ򣬰ħɢħǳ׿ֻһȥǣҶȱٶȸ죬޵֣ħһָ


449 Ʒħ
ҶһָУģȴͨ͸һϢɱ
һָûκƣ粻֧糣һָû̺κ֮ͨ
ôһָħٶ졣

ռȻһΣ˾Ϳаռ䣬ŷޣûֿռ󣬶ħͣգҶҶһָסʵʵ
ããʥвڻˣ
ʥˣҶԾս޵ƣħƷӯӿѹڱ
ಡ
ҶץסǣһɳɼǱɣô׳ץס˲ʹӷӡռɳǰ
Ҷֵܣζʥ컯в
ʥؽԪˡɢһǰҶǰȴ޷ٿҶȰ벽ΪҶǣȻͷǿħʥҶȱл⣬ֵĵħ˵ã֪ϵܲܳװѹ
Ȼ⣬ҲΧʥĵ⣬ؽ
ǿĿҶȵЦ֮⣺ħһһ֣ΪͣȴҪһЩ⾰һλѣ˲ˣ
Ŷ
𾪣֮У˲ǿħҪ֪Ƿ޷µģһЩõľһˣֻĪ
ҶȺȻת̩λǿգ¶Цݣˣ
ϴǶɲҪǰı
˻һͷˮҶĿ⿴ȥʥûףҪʱһŷȻӷ籩֮УΰĴ
һɴԽλ籩
ʥеʥǧֻɢײúڶܽԹֻһܽ룬ǰһ̣ҶؽԪˡɢ˺ƺƵ
һͬ籩򣬰ȫʥ죬Ѿʥǧ񻰣һԦʥľ㶯

գ֮䣬ʥɽռû֮Уһħ⣬ħⲢԵҶħҲȲϣǣħȴǿգƷ򣬰ѷ編̤¡
Ԧ編Ȼͨ
һ˸һӰ߳һ룬¶ħ壬һ˾ͺȻǰҶȻӻ֣Ŵϴ󣬼ˣҺţ
Ϣѵ
ˣ
Ʒ򣬴Խǿգǳħȫ˺Ʒӿǿ֮УؽԪɢ˴ĿġޱȹĿ⣬ųħ𣬶ʥһƳħݡ
ɽ磬˵еĲˣ
ˡǿһ̾ʥٸ֮ը˹һѵˣȻҼһѪѪӿ
Ҷȵ˫˵棬ʼ¡ؽܣλǳħλϲħȷһΰˣƣλʥ֮ʥ
ݼħǰʥʱ˷һ㣬һӣʥǿ߸һͬħ幪ʩ
ʥһΪ쳣ǿֻ̫ͼȫѹħԴ޷ͻɾŽס
ħɫһ䣬¶ϣʥмһЦʥСˣϴӵзǷֶΣͻƾŽףʮҲ⣬ˣͿԼͻǿľһƽٷɾͲߵĿ꣬ԳΪɣ
лħǰ㲦ʥԳħǲм飬κζŭվùؾأħⷬʱϣ
ƣħǳ˽⣬ҲҪܳʱ˵ӦǴƷҶָһħǾͷħ
ء
ħǷŷܵвҶƿط֮Уʹëսħ

ħһץסħֻǸӦħ⣬ʱһϲԭһɸ߽׵ħǣ
ҶüͷһչɾҲģ̾ɾˣֲãʥǧѹħûбĥǿң
ɾɾ֮ϣ֮䣬ʵ޴ɾſ֮ţɣѾ̤벻ɵڷ֮Ув˿ʬ壬ŶѣĲɾ˲ҪȫʢҪ꣡
ɾˣɾǷ޷ĸ߶ȣϴӵвͨſκҲܣȻҲųںϹž÷
ȫסħǣħûκɫħɭϢͷų˸оëڲ
ħһ֮ԵڳһΣҶȣҲ࣬˸һ˽⡣
ͬǿߡңһ
Ȼ䣬ħ֮Уһ˻ħ
һССħɣȻڱǰǡħһ΢΢ŭɫһ䣬ָȻ
ħģܡ㡭ȴΪλĵλ磿ΰˡˣ
ҪΪװɣ
һ˼һĻ֣ǰħȻſ죬ֱӰħ븹С

ħ˲̡ѪֶΣŵֹͣһͬľͷվŹʥؽԪˡɢҲһ˼ͣ٣ԺֻгħǻɵĿ³

ţִӳħУȻħʹģ˸γϣ˺һ㼦Ƥ
ʥǰħѾǾͿ춯֣ʥɽŲƳȥǰټʥɽˣ
Ҷ֪ʱȣʥ
ʥѹͷãǶ˰ɣϴȥһ˲ȫʥɽ֮У
ಣ
λǿ߳˷ȥɳʥɽǧȥܿܿÿһͨʼ߶
Ϸȥ𣬸ǣʥԳħʩȻɳʥɽռ䡣
ƣҪһʥɽݳȥЩѣˣɶˣôɰʥɽŲƳȥ
ڿռʣҶȡħؽԪˡɢˣʥɽʿϽæµ뿪
޵ǿգǿֲ籩򣬾ҶȣҲоһʥɽǨƳȥΪ֡
ؽԪˡɢͬľһ㣬ֻһĪ޷֣˵Ųʥɽܳ籩Ѿ漣е漣
ȷЩ֡
ħƽգ֮ͫһħ룬ȻЦһ壬ʵָһ߶ȡϴ˴籩޷統ƿʥΧλ籩ô򵥣취ֻһֻмȥƬ籩Ȼٰʥɽǿקȥ
ʮ٣
ҶҲ¶Цݣֵúã򵥣ֱӣĻҲ֪ҪĶپ
ˣϴ֮ǰ̩λƸӻңʼû򣬶ȡԺҲǽڽڰˣ׽̲֪Ū֣ˣԳ֣ԺѾ᧿ΣԺҲòȥǾԳ֣ԺԪսɱʮˣ
Ժ͹ۣûгԵʣû׽̡ɽֻдѣ̩λ泹ˣ
ڶ֮ǰħ̩λ±仯Ҷȡ
ҶΪԶӦ΢޷ӦҪԭһޱ޼ʵķ籩
ƵǶ䣬׽̡ɽ᳽ΪľսףʱˣһʥŲƳȥǾͿԷſֽŶ֣սǵģϵɴ۴Уʺ㣬һҪȡ
ħһҶɫкһб仯ΧսΪҶӵ񼣴Уɴ۴Գħֲһһõսףõɴ۴иס
Զԣɴ۴Уɲһ㣬ϴٶô죬Ҳֻеõɴ۴Уܸϴ󲽷
ħҶ֪ⷬһõսףȻȻе㿪Ц˼һȴǷԷθҶٶȵȷ̫죬ħһ㣬ǻָΪȴҲ޷ҶȽٶȡ


450 Ǩʥɽ
һʥɽһ֮ʥ˿ڣʣҪӷ籩ǣȥΰ̡
꣬Ҷħ֣ݴ½ǣʥ򣬵һ·˳ɴﵽһʥɽݴ½ҪΪҪһ㣬ʥɽʥɽ̩λ߼ҪһŸ߼ʥɽǣȻݴ½Ტ۵ġ
ʮ֮ʥ£ʥȫۼʥɽ˺飬ӼҰ룬ϴ٣׳ۣŸ߸ϵʥ񷣬ؽԪɢһԾȺ
ǣһ̩λبδУǷ磬Ҳδȴ˵˶ھĵȴ񻰵
ϴѾ׼ʥѰѱԴңںϣǣ
ʥɽۣ֮ħھϵʥɽϵͬ֩飬ݺύħھϵ֮УƾŴۼĲֶΣܿʥɽںϡ
ڵĳħǵǸմѪؽѵһδɸҶһԸħʵһ·ˮǴߣҡֱϣʵѾӽˣȴ˶նɱľԴۡ
˵ǣһףֻҪޱ߼ʵķ籩Ҳһ¡
ʱ˿̣ڷ籩ֲУ籩ͬڷʶڷ籩ߴҶվڷ籩֮У籩ҡҡȥ⣬о󺣣ʱᱻ籩û
λ籩Ȼ̫һҲռˡô꣬Ƭ籩Ѿȫγ֮أκҲûвдһ㣬ʿҲֻ·һ
ضҶҲֻܼԦǧͼλ汾Դںϣλ籩ɢȥŷһ죬룬һҫ۹ϵĹ⻷𣬻תɹ⻷ֳҶȸоˡ
Ϲ⻷֮Уʮͻأس֣һ쳤ߣʮɲͣ£ʮ߶ȳڷ籩硣
ʮɿʮٸ̫٣ҶҲïʢƤȥҲ۵ĺܣһͷȥܿһ
ৡ
ʮٸոֳûͷŻ籩ʵö𣬸籩ҡȥ޷Կء
ģʮٱ㿪ʼΪģת˷ߵǬλ籩ʼĦ৵ؾÿһת磬ԭ籩籩˳ʱתʮȴʱתһһһһңںҶľ
ҶΪҪʮ㣬ѷ籩򶼸췭ظܡ
ʮٲתȻȻȡ籩ֻʮȴ֣˭ʮǻκ֡
ڱԴĿƣ÷籩һƬһƬʼʮѹʼͬһתҲڷ籩ʼɢγƬ籩򣬾ͿҶɵؿơ
Ž籩֮УҪǧͼλ汾Դ̫һڷ籩֮㣬ʮٿƿռ䣬ѹҲûˣ
ʮٵķ籩ԽԽҶҲɣҲͬʱ˿λ籩ҲҴ⡣
Ҷȿʼʮٿʼںϣ𽥽ƿƬ籩ռ䡣
籩ռ仺ɢȥ㣬ǿ˳ʱתλ籩ϵرڲʱ籩գÿռԽԽӴ󣬲ҪôӴʥɽЩǿ
һ¾˿̣ҶѾʮƿһ޴ڲ籩ռ䣬Ȼڷ籩֮Уʲôʥɽ
͡
һλ籩Եذ֮ƸƣȻ籩ԽԽ󣬿ȥ̫žſ죬Ҫʥɽ
Ǭƣ񷶯
ħͽӵҶȴ籩Ӵ԰ʥɽ֮ʱ̴Ӿϵ֮վһץʥɽԴͬˮ籩ӿ룬ʥɽ֮ڣʿĶڲ
Ǹ۾ĿתؿųħǸߴӰȻһ֮Ͱһʥɽҳ籩Ӹǣȥʥɽʼ֮ԽԽ쿪ʼ
˰ˣ
ؽԪ˿ѪȣԸӡ
ʥˣʥκ˶ҪȴûбֳۿЩʪ󣬾ؿųħʥɽ籩֮С
һ̣ʥɽʿĬղ𾪣ڣǷ籩ڶĿֲ磬ȴëȻëеĶ̲ס籩ŵòһŷ籩ԽԽһ뻢ڵζ
λ籩ֲ̫˭˲¡
ûüʥɽͱħ籩磬ʱ֮䣬翪ʼڰûǳ֮⣬ԽغڰϢҲʼ䣬ݼţ񶼶һ㣬ںڰҪ֮ʣڷ籩ۣ֮һʥ⽵ʥ֮УҶΰƮӰҲֳ
Ҷվʥ֮Уŷֳֻ죬һˣǱֱԷ֮Ȼѷ籩ظ֧
һ̣ʥɽڲУҶ񣬶ɣʥ˶Ƿˣʥɽĳƣħɡ
ʩչͨȻڷ籩һ磬ǣʥɽٶԽԽ죬ϵڰ籩ͷǰС
һʥɽԽ˵ǿߣڼڰ籩֮ĬĬǰС
ں˳λ汾ԴʮټԦλֱ绢£ܰʥɽǨƳȥ
һȥҶȿƽʲôҲûȴͷռԦرԴʮںϣʥɽٶԽԽ죬ܵѹҲԽԽּѣǳġ
¡
ʥɽڳħ£ƽ֮ʣڲ籩磬ȻܵһɿµĶ籩
ʿľѣɿǰһˣֻڲʱ籩˳ʱתķ籩֮䣬ͻȻӿһ¡һƬǺӵ籩
籩ͬһ㣬ͬ籩֣Ҫڲ籩׻˺籩ڲ籩Ҫʥɽɵ
籩֣Ҷüͷһ壬̾ʲô籩Ȼڷ籩֮Уش󣿡
ϴǡ籩Ƿ籩֮вĸ߼λ籩ֲܿɽλ棬籩ɱ֣֪ǳ֮Уɣһһ䣡
ħؼ俪ʼ
籩
ֲòͰʮԭǱλ籩ӿµķ籩λ籩ɡ
ಡ
ûҶü֣Ǽ籩Ӻڰ籩ǿ֮ݺᴩһ籩ŷʶ׼ڲ籩ʥɽκʶݻ٣ɡ
¿ɺãô죿
ֲʥ첻ִ֪籩֮Уȥ޻أǶɰ˽סŽ׵ǿߣ籩Ҳֻ·һ
֤籩ֲʥʿɵģĶᵽɤۣ٣ࡣ
Ұ˵籩λ籩Ƕ޷ԿҶ
ۣʥʱֳϣתһģһȳ⣬˲ͷ
ʥģ㿴˿ңӣʮնԸ籩ߣгƴɣ
ɢǰһοˡ
ᵽħ˲ŻȻһˣӵƶѵ޷Կ籩
֡
ͻȻ籩ۣ֮ʥҫۣվеҶȣ֣˲䣬ħɱ¾칭ֳ
칭¶Źħƣɱ¾ԵϢͷųȻǿܹϣҶֳһʥǹ̿׼һ籩
ؽԪĿһֱ칭֮ϣͬѪӿϹħƣ̾ǺεƷʵ
ɢ̾ǽƷҪ߼̫̫࣬࣬ͨ󣬾ȻܼԦ
䡭
ʱ˶Ĥ¡ëսһԴֻһ費ĹʥǹƷ籩磬ֱӽֲ򣬳һֲŤķ籩ȥ
¡
ʥǹƣֱӴԽ籩ƿնռ䣬ȫ飬·ֲڶǷ籩ƺҲовſʥǹ֪ոնͱʥǹֱ֮У˲͹ᴩ˷籩塣
籩ͱʥⱬըҫâǰƬڰǿգ˿ҫ󷽵򣬾Ȼ˵ǹ⡣
ǹ⣬Ǿâ˵˾Ҫ뿪ֲ籩أﵽ̩λ
ֲֲҪҶֵܣղһǹʥɽ
ʥ֤籩Ҷһ֮£׻˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶǿȫֱӻһƬ򶼲⣬ңҪҶǵˣ޷赲һжֵס
ǿǿߣʲô׽̡ɽλ棬Ҳֻл𣡡
ؽԪҲһ̾
䡭
ţ𺳵ؿţҶǿֲ칭һʥǹʼͬɱһ籩
˺Ȼ֣Իһеķ籩˰ĿֲȻҶǰ̫ͬϣһ¾ͱը
ͨʮףʩչ칭Ϲʥǹ̫Ҳ̫ˣ¾̩ӲҲҪ˲зϣ
ͻɾǲκηҲԶԿ̩ӡǧ䣬նɱҲκ⣬ٶ칭ĻһɣҲɱɾȲֻϧҪ̫һʱҲУ
籩ȵȼ֣ҶѾܾûˣǷѾҶ޷ģֻȫԸҪ칭ſԻ⣬ҶȲ뾡ͻɾλǿ֮ۡ


451 Ĺ
Ͷһ籩˼ֱͰҶȾΪˣҲֻ֮˲־ͨ
ڿﵽ籩Ե뿪һƬ籩μƻɹ
з籩ҶڴﵽƣߵزʮȫԦ籩ҶֻпۻָΪ
ʥʿҲڷģ̩λǺԽԽҫۣ˶޷༤顣
ţ
ʱҶһһ̩λھҪ뿪籩ҲҶȿᡢĪȻ̫ǸӦⲻ̾ʹ
û뵽Ժڶ̶̼깦򣬾Ȼ˵֮죡
Ҷ̾ʹӷ֮У֪Ժ޴仯֮ҶһȻ
ԺɽսԭԽʮ꣬ϰ꣬ǣɽȻĴ֣ΪĹ֡ĹָʮϾͷɽ֮һ
һ£̩λһʮ׾ͷӰӶɽһ٣ʮ׾ͷԺһ𣬿ֲҲĹֶ֡
ǿ߻ʿԭʿһ츳ͨӵгԽǱһʮףԿʮףĹʵʮʮ׸֡
ʮʮ׾ͷʲô㼸˾ͿԺɨ̩λ棬Ժֲð˵ѸͣĹ֣Ժû˲Ѿһ漣
Ĺֽ̩λ޴𶯣֮Ѿɽȡʣ֮һ򣬻дԺѧڷĹֱֱɱԺԴڣƮǡ
²ŷ칦ΪĹֽ٣ԺòʣλѧȫۼƮǣڣ֮һ򣬸ˡ
գۼ䣬ԭԺ죬ھȻΪԺ±仯޳˭Ҳ޷Ԥ콫ᷢʲô
ΪλѧƮǣҶһ½£ͱϹŶ⻷ûˣʲôšʲôȫս֮УҶȻΪ£һϹŶǰʲôҲ㲻ϡ
ִҲʧȥȨԺȨϹŶţϹŶһˣǾ䣬ơ
Щ򣬻λλλʥλѧӣһӳûĺӣԺ̩λǸƳѣɽһײʿЩѧֻƴܵķݡ
ԺҲķ˰˲ȣһԺΪʸ֮ģĪȻҲ뿪Ժʽ׽֮УʱҪȥ׽̳ΪҪ
һͷţԭĪȻݶԺʧȥ֮׽̡ɽȥԸΪĿ꣬ǡЩԺֱӽɱȥԺѾΪʵ
ľͷڱһȺ۸˺Ƥ⣬겻ѡ
ĪȻҲѹԺһҶȣԺԺԺҲòȥǧ侹Ȼ׽̴ɱԺǧ仹֪Ӻηˣ֣Ҳ˹Ժٶȡ
׽Ȼ࣬ˣǹԺ䣬ԭóٶ౾ԴҲ޷Կˣߣһݳ񣬻ߣɽԺ̶
û뵽Ʊô죬һߵԺѾ嶤ʵ
Ҷȿʼ񷣬ʥɽҪλ籩ǨƳȥüͷһ壺ҪϾϻȥ̩뾰ҿ̩ӹϵ뾰ΪѹϵҪ쵽ʲôֶεõͷ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȾоһ鶼ͷԳҪˮ棬ôǿ߿϶Ҫۼ̩⣬ȡͷ
һ̫ͻȻҶ⣬ֱɨһ籩ֱǳ֮У˶š
ϴȥɣֻҪ뿪籩򣬽ͨ򣬲öãҾܰʥɽ̫򣡡
ʥɽϵڣħŷ𿴳Ҷ£ԼӷħҲͿʲôҶ
ǺãȥԺ÷̫ȴҶʥɽȫƳ籩뿪ʱҴҶȶԳħһģ֮ʮ︨κ⡣
뵽ҶȾͲԥΪһ磬ʧڷ籩֮Уȥһ̣ڷ籩¶Ŀǻ档
ÿڱս𣬻ǳΪһ򣬸ƳѾʴһŽһΪ֮ء
ȻȥǧһǾϵ֮оȻͷҲپϵ֮Ѿһ죬ȻЩѾΪɽΧ
벻ҲǶǿտȥǿߴӾϵ룬ƮΧġǱǡƮǡǡ䳾ǡǡЩҲɱ¾ֹ
ԺڽڰˣؼƮѾԷӡκѧܳ룬ѧֻȴȻͳΪɽͳµū
̩ǾȻǡ
ôǧͼҶڻع򣬴ǿ֮һǰƮǣԱǡ
Ǿϵȫı䣬ͷƤɫɿֲκ޷С
Ҷǿ׾پ͸ӵ̩Ϣ̩һˣϢڲ̺ͬԽ編ƣҶЦսʼڣ̩ӶûϵҶ˵Ѿûжüֵ
ɽһɱԺ룬ɽֶĹ֣̩ӵ㹻׽̿⣬ҶȣһԺ£̩УѾκοõļֵ
ȥ̩ӡ
Ժǿ֮ĩ˵ҶҲӦ̩ӣΪԼĳһ·˼Ҷ̳̩ӷһ
Ҷ֣
Ÿշǿ̩Ӿ͸ӦǾϵ֮УһȺӰͷһɵƮİۣԸǿߣϢ̩ӻҪǿʢĴǿߺ󷽣Ƿħȵǿߡ
̩Ҷ֮ɭɭҶ֣ҪĹֹƮǣʱ򣬴ǹƮǷ磬ʹǽǬô
û⣬Ժʵ̩֣Ժһֻиһϯ֮أҺЧ𣿡Ҷ̩ӣɫЩٲǰǰţء
Ȼһж̩ӿġ
ҶĿƶλǿߣĹ֣ȻһΪѾﵽʮ۷壬ֲ꣬Ĺ־ͻͻƴ٣ɽ磡
ЧȻЧ
̩΢Цͷ˰Ȼ¶ţԱĹ֣ϣҲ޷̩Ტۣ̩ЦΪԸ׽̣ͬˣҶַģԺһһͻʮףһͬɽ磡
ããȻƮǣֻҪֹ̩Ʈǣֵһ·Ҷȹ˷ܣתͳƮǼ̾ϵȥ
̩֣ߣɾûдﵽΪʲô·ǻƮѧӣϾɱһͲõĽưѳߣ
Ĺ֮УһħۼƳɵսףһͷ߸ˣһ˫߰κ˶о־壬֮ͫУʱʱһӰ˸֮
Աһ˶Ҫ߳ӵˣ徹Ȼʯзëͷʯ󣬿Ա˵λаЦ˵úܶԣԾһȫɱ
̩ӵһƳĹ֣һЦ𣺡Ĺ֣ҷЫʥаһѱо졢ʤӡһȿ⣬Ӿ͵ͷˣ
Ĺֲ̩λ棬ɽλҲһǾǿս֮һ
Ĺ֮һһߣΣΪƺţһΪߣͻᱻֱɡ
ҷΪؽʯʯ᲻ɴݣ˲Ҳ޷ɶ˺Ϊ
Ыʥһֻ궾Ыһ⣬ȻϴѿǣһѱΣЫʥöֶ֣ݣͬʿ
аһͷϹçǺϹʱһδĻʱࡢçһаȣç޶µȺ塣
Ĺһ𣬾ͿսԺ䣬Ĵǿ߻㼯һ𣬾Ժ佭ƣҲֻĪ
ԺϾʱҲ̣бйܣ·ܶ࡭
̩ҲĹʮֿȭλֵܣڿԶ֣ô󣬰Ʈǳ׷ӡԺκѧӶ޷
ǺãǾͲĴ󣬰ƮΧס
Ĺ˵֮䣬ΪһֲӰȻֱǿշԾ̩ͬӡǧ䡢ħ塢ҶһֻĹֻҪҪܵλƣҶȵǰɡ
Ĵ󣡡
ĹƮķռһԶ֮ƣƮΪһ֮ϣʼһаӡ
ĴȻͬѰĻͰƮǳǽҲͻƳȥȻ滹Ҫ̩뾰ǽӳƮǣҲᱻְ·ɱ
ƮǾϵǰҶǿ֮УûĹַ
ĹְƮǽҶȾ֪ԺѾҲ·ߣӳȥ̩λ֮Ϊ󣬻ʹƮǣԺ꾭Ӫɽһս


452 ͼ
Ժݳ񣬹غսף̩ӡʡ͵ĵƣǲýƴųߣƮ֮ڣлᣬһ룬ͻǳ̩ӡ
޷볽ںϵģԺ֣Ʈ볽ںһַ֣֮ˣʮʿôʮ׾ͷǾӵںϳΪõǾ绢
ǧ䡢̩ӡЩǿϣܷӳһλֲˣնɱҲѹǧ֮ǰ̩۹棬̩Ϊںг񣬲ɽλԿɽҲû취
̩ӡǧǶǿߣ˵Ҫ֮ҪõȻΪõͷͷսһ֣ԹŶԶ񻰣˭õսףͻôɴ۴С
۴УǿɲǿЦģɽɵۣҲΪɱͷѪ
Ĺ֣
ƮǾϵڣԺһϹŶ佭ңһϼԵϾſǳķ֡
ʮϹŶҾȻûû˵ЩΪɰ˽۷壬Ĺֶ֣Ӳ¶ԷһУֻŽƮǱԴĹֿ⣡
ھϵ֮еҶȣϢޣˣ˫üͫ侫⣺ԺӦԺһӵѹ׵󷨣ֱһƮںϵıԴϳ񣬾ҲԹƮǷԺʱûжΣ
ҶȾ뽭Ƶ˲ǧףȴĹַһ٣ܼԺѹ
䣬·ˣֻƴһΪǿĹΪֲ̫ʮףһ֣ʮ֮󣬾ϵ޷мܣ
һϹŶ׷üӣ֪ˣȥ˫ͫȴǾվڽҲ࣬ϹŶ֮еλ֮ߵͷŶİ˽ƣȽƻҪǿʢ̫ࡣ
ƺƽ˫ͫž޲ڳֻ֣˷ѣԷΪ̫ߣκ˵أʱֻзȴᣬһٻɱĹ֣ɱһѪ·
ಡ
ҶȼٵشԽϵƮڲոգͼĴκνƶʧҲǣƯ½Ҳһһ׹䣬ƺգǬʥȻһ֡
ķʮλѧӺƺƵڰգŷÿ˶ھ׼طҲвλѧڷȥλѧҲв١
ˣ
ھǬʥһξɽ֮УҶһƶ֮ۡϢͬʱΪŮҲһԣӻӨӨӺաߵ˵ؾȺš
ȻɫһһӰֱӴռ䣬ƶ֮ۡڣˣȻҶһģһˣҶ
Ҷȳ˵ͷȻƵڷԱߣᣬѪսϾҪ÷λʦȥʥˣ
۾һգԱλӣԴ㸺ʦðȫҶ·һʥ˵ȺΪʦ
ʦҪע⣬ӹΪᣬСԺǼˡ
ٿ
վһ£ָһץһɿֲͶƮǿռ䣬ϵҲ򿪣һڶˣһ֣̾ͷ֮ǰλŮۺ⡣
ۡһ¾ĵģҶ˶ԷĬһʵΪβߣԺ룬󲿷ѧӺƮһͬ
Ϊ񣬿ûлᣬóⱦغһķΪսף׽̡ɽΪͷֻеõ˷ݳ񣬲ܵõͷ
лͶ߳ûУˣһԭ뿴ɽʵΣ֪֪˲սʤǿУ
ᣬҶûκص㣬˳
Ҷʮ꣬ڶݶ·֮Уûһѣ˵ǵѣȻҶȺüΣȴ뷨˼ȥҲֻӿʼҶཻ룬ؼһŮˣˣȿԳΪѣֿԳΪ޻˵ѡ
ߣֻеˣֻͬˣֻãֻкѡ
ô˵սһǺ˼죬Ȼһ˿档
ȷ磬ɾɾɾɵ۾󾳽磬սˣɴ۾һɵ۾֣ǳۣͳɽλ֮ؾ춯أ
Ҷȵͷսûʲô뷨֮ˣǾͷͬСɣħһõôɾͻᳬԽǰ۷ʱΪҶЦõУͻһԾţȮ죬ÿӵ׽̡ɽΪս׶
ԭ񲻵̩λ汾Դô򵥣غսôһܣֲ׽̻̩λ桭
Ҷ˵ôϸҲɣ˼ȥκ˶ս֮͡
̩λ棬һͨǶλѧıһƷǸǱеıƷ̩λûм˵߼սʮԽʮڵ˭õ
ҲһλߣҲбҪĿ꣬Ȼɵõɽ磬ֻȥɵƮޣַҲһҲҪС
ɽӵо졢ĹͷҪԺõҲס
䡭
Ựû˵˵һ룬ͻȻƮѵأֻϢɽХһըѪӿ
Ĺڷ󹥻ȥ
Ҷһ֣ۡͽᴢ֮УŴǧͼ׵طա
գ˼Ժѧӿֻһţ֮ʣЩλѧҲסľѡ
һĥ
ʲô
񷾧ϵ֮УͻȻָţһϵͼֵ̾
һ
Ҷ˳һͼȻһ뽭ġڤ䡱֮ͬŷ𡰱ڤ䡱ǳǰǸͼ
ͼûŤռ䣬Ѿϵ֣ھϵ˫ּһϵͼΧ֮ϹŶһԹԪͥԪҲУԪ̫ҲУֻվλˡ
λϵĸ֣Ժ佭ƣٿͼ˶󾧱ϵ
ھϵ⣬Ĺ־Ȼķǽ֮УͷһӰſѪڣеӰǶߣеǻƽʯеǾ޴Ыӣеһײޱȵǡ
ЩӰĹֱԴ壬Ͻ󣬴ķʼҹƮǣÿһײƮ֮ϣͻǿ𶯣ʮ׸֣ƮۺϵнƵֵֵĹһһУôƮǾѾΪ˳
ӽǰͼȻѵǵͼԺɽͼ
ͼҶȺ
ԺһֱԺһ䣬ڶʱһ뿪̩λ棬һƬ߼λõһϳȵֶΣԺ
һ̾ͼһֱû˼ʶԪϣҲûУΪǴţû뵽Ĵڣ
ȷһͼԣӦһԽһƷĴڣǶƷƷ겻ںϣԺͰͼƮǱԴںϣȻûоںϣóλ汾Դýп˵ʵֲã̩ӡǧǿ֮гֿ⣡
ϧΪʮףҪʮףͷͼ½磬ҲκβԺ̩λ̫ͼԭԺһҪ̩λ߼ڣһֱڵͶˣֻб˼̤
Ҷ˵֮󣬾֪սϾͻֹͣѾóֶΣȻȷǾˣĹֻ֣һоԱߣһ̩ӡ
Ƽͼǡ˵һ㣬ԺѾĹ޷мܣóֶΣɽȴûгȫԺѾûбֶΣһɽԺͳ
䡭
ƮķĹֿƴ󣬽Ʈǣҷʮ׿ֲͨͬʳһδҧƮǣͼ濹⣬ÿһײͼھ𶯡
ʮס
ϵڣԺ䣬ƺȻһϹŶλҾά֣ȫԸĹֵȷͼǼʯƾĹ޷Ƶģ
ԺûȫԸҲڵȴĹɽλ棬϶һɫͼ⣬ֶΣ϶ֹڴˡ
ҶһĹ֣治ɫɭɭаЦҶȺȻЦĹҪˣ


453 ĹVSԺ
ŶѾɹʥɽǨ̫򡭡
ƮǾϵռҶذǿջû󣬲䣬һ¾Ͳ֪ȥδҶüת˼άʹӷǴ֪ħǨʥɽɹ
ǸϢңʥɽǨֱ̫ӱ̫ǡǻҪ߼Ϊ̫߼򣬸߸ߵǶ֮ۡ
ʥɽǨƹʥ챾̫˿ڣ̫ǰٱҪ࣬ʥһӳ鲻Ҫô˿ڰŽ̫ҲǼ׵£ҶԶ˰£ҪѴ˿ڰҲỨ϶೤ʱ䡣
ɢؽԪ˻صʥˣ껡͵ȾŴ󻤷ʼʽ򣬷ħҲϻʥˣΪʿⸯƳ档
̩λѾȫսʱԭԺ£ƳѵõһƣԺƳҲʼһֱʿƳ洫ȾʥԽԽ㣬ÿ춼ʮʿ򻯶񵤡
иҪʥ˻ⱻƳ涾ĽȻʥ߲ܣȻҲŴ󻤷ʥ
ٿ
ͻȻǿգĹ֮еЫʥϯһڽЫЫʥһ磬ڽЫӰͬһֻЫƮǣڷ֮䣬ͻȻһβͣƮǴ̳β롣
޴ڽЫͬʯƮβͻأƮǣȻǿշ籩ǿ˺ѣҺݺݵشƮһͼûɵķϣ˲¡
䡭
ƮĹ֮һЫʥֲ£𶯣ؼͼûķȻƣһæӡûöƮǣ롣
ᵥһڷ籩ҡҷٻӰˣɫȴ۶ĹҪɱˣ
ҶȺȻᣬһ棺ᣬҲҪϿ뿪ƮǣԺֲסãȥ̫ǣ˳Ҷλ棡
ǺãΪҲ޼£ȻӦ̼Ҷָһץһռ޾֮С
Ժ𣡣
Ʈһġ
Ĺ֮һһȫһӰΪΣΧߡ
СģҪˣ
Ʈڲվǰ񷣬ϴһϷӡһǰͼ֮ϣŶԺ󷽼λϹŶһ
ϹŶͬʱ֮䣬ɫڣղЫʥһйȻ͹ͼ㣬飬ʮײսʤϣǼɵò׻ЫʥһҪֲ
ĹǸΪսԺȴںϣͬһӣĹǿ󣬵ϾһˣҪԿһϹŶһ߼ͼôҲЩܡ
ĹǿͨϹŶЩϹŶ̩λǶһӦһΪɰ˽ףŽ׶ûдﵽĹǶǽʮ״Բľͷһ֮Ⱥϡ
񷣬أ
ᷨӡֱŽεȷӡҪ죬ңʮ׾ͷ֪Ĺжôǿ
䡭
վڲǿ֮ϵͻȻǰ㣬˫ֳʻ״ʱһӰŷǿ֮ɣϿͻأ֣죬ϰڶצƮ
էһȥƮǺһ⣬ʩչͨӰӥ׼Ѹ˹
ʮסǿұҪȫԸܿ⣡
ǿеҶȣһĻҲΪ֮ݣѪȣҪԼķһУϾҲӵʮΪֻҪ֣ҶҪܴۣѹ
Ȼ칭ǴǧͼҪɱҲֻҪ֮ڣУͿ԰ɱƾ¡ͨҲ·һ
ಡ
ӴӰѸ֮ʣϹŶͻȻֻ˫һ֣гһЩӳͼ֮ڣͼͷǳعâ
ƮǾϵ㣬ͼûķ㣬ȻתȻͣΪһƺ쵵ͼ

칥һƺͼ֮ϣȻûзұըڴƺͼտʼаӰѹסڲͻȻٴתӲͬڶ֮еҰޣſ죬Ӱǿиڶ֮С
֮䣬ƮǾ޴󾧱ϵƺǿȫʩչͼ֮ϡ
׳ۡ
ҶȴǿտȥѪӿֻƮǾϵ⣬ͼûɵƺͼȻͬǱںڶ֮еҰޣͻȻͷſ죬ȥ
һĻ̫𺳣ͬտǼʶ𶯡
ĻŷڻػζƮǱԴһ̣ԽλǳԺֲڻʥأۺǲСӣ̩λԺ治Ǹǵġ
ЫʥϢϢÿа뷨ֶΣ֮УΪģҲ֣аһУ
ǿ֮⣬Ĺ֮һаȻаХ
аҵȾͿͨ
ĹλһƽƤĻҷһֱ֮ϣа˵Ĺϴ󣬾ʯҷ
䡭
Ʈڲͼ֮ͻȻϹŶ뽭嶼΢΢һһɿµаƮڲƺγɻ˶кܴӰ졣
ȻֶΣͼͨתƮǿռ䣬Ȼ뱬ѹ
ΪεǿʮѾǰֻ̤ŵľͷͻƶɽٴأһɵǿ󣬿ǵͼλ߼λʿ࣡
߼λʿ߼ͨҲΪ߼ǿǵͼλ޷ȵģԺɽⳡսͲǽһƽ㣡
Ժڸֳ⣬ҶȸͬܣԼӵ񼣴Уʮ٣ս֮УҲͬЩʿɱ
ʲôûɱ¾ûƱж񱨣ˣˣ£¶أʵǸ
һ㣬Ҷͼʶڵۼ֤һиһ磬ľʵؿȥۣҲ޼ɵԶҶ˵ʵ͵ӵȨ
ȭ
аͻȻ߸ߵشվ΢΢ţ˫۾Ȼбͳа룬һζ

һȭһȭа̰ƮǣһȭһȭÿһȭȻŰǿնųȭǷͬСɣаŷҲ̺ںλ
аҲӵ츳ͨƺ̫ͨһһλаֻǿһǰ󲿷ų⡢λ
λаȻЫʥҪǿһ֣ͨǹ죬ټټ
Ҷȿȭǿݺᣬǿųķǿշ籩Уںȭ֮УȭȻﵽ˺һزҲʮѾںλ淨ĵز
һͬСɣҸоƮǱԴڲСģЭԸǿУ
һͷ޷Զ֮ͫУȻЩԾΧϵϢ
Ժɣ
ͻͻͻ
һȭаǿΪҲһʱɣƺϰȭ·ںȻһȭǿպȻͳһ˸ϢȭƮǺ
˿аȭҶ̾ȭһа֮ڻǿ⻷
ͼ죡
λ֣һ̣סÿͻȻ˫ֺһһɹʼͷţǰͼȻһâ
Ŷ飬û뵽龹Ȼһֱͼͼߣ
ҶͻȻϵ֮ϣ澰ûγһӣ֮ͬеǳУһӰվУϢԺݾгε顣
Ӷ쾡
ûӰվͼû֮У˫һƴʱаչȭҲú
͡
ȭش֮УһʯӣУûоİͻȻӿʼڣӾȻʼȼգӰҲΪ֣ɢ֮Уһߣѷյ֮Уɵȭ׷ա
ù졭
аû뵽ԼһᱻΪ㵣Ŀȴа򾧱ϵǼһҪõ
꣡
ھϵ֮ȼգǿգ֮УȻǳ˿ѺۣһȭѺ֮
Ȼͼ׽аǿȭʼӸѳһѷ죬ʮͼû濹ĽȻͼռơ
Ȼ޷ͼ׳԰ҪУͼ»ûӣԱȼ̩λ棬ӻ̩λҲ£
аҲʵͬһɣȻͼ⣬ֻ΢ܶѣʵǾˣҲҪսܳһʱ䣬ֳܷʤ
ҶȸܵȡһеĻ棬ֱһѷеȭѾԽ˷ˡ
ȿȡ
ӻԽǿʢаҲˣϵڲڣһ£˿ʼԣĲ١
ͼȻҪǿܴ߷ʹǳɣͼ飬ԺԴԺ˵ռݺܴƣĹҪͼҲף
Ĺ֣֮Ѿ֣ʣλҷˣһִ
Ϊز¶ȻҲʮףȴϵʯԴȴϵɣ֪ҷԺɶѹ
ҶںڴսսԽԽʡ


454 ֣1
䡭
ͼûӣһƬڣӳʮҫǿգòöĿҫۡ
ϵڣһɫӰ˸ڽߣȴһСݾε顣
޹⣬һƳ飬ã㲻Ҫȵһ̣ʵڼֲסٶҲ٣
Ժƽ٣ԺںγɵģԺһҲ޷顭Ȼûб飬һ仰˵ľֻһľͷˡ
Ǹñͼ˵ûжã̫ѾӵƷ쾵λ֮ͼȻǸ߼飬ȴѹĨȥΪΪ̫ԴͬݾһΪһ֮飬̫ʿ
ǿҶȣĿûбͼϣһ飬ռѧ־û壬Ժһ壬ᾧ䱦
Ҷ۹أȻ龳ܵͣҲûжྪ˹ȴԳΪһػߣҶΨǴӣ̫ÿˣҶȳΪ̩λߣҲͳΪҶ̩λĶ۾κ춯ƭ
壬򲻻Ź
ͼҲҵģһƿ飬ȻҲںͼʱΪ쾵֮⣬ڶɽҲ
뵽Ҷ¶̰Цݡ
̩֣ԲԺȻвֶΣĹֶԿֵز
ƮƽһƬƮǿ֮УǿƯϷ̩ӣҲǾʤˣ졣
ɽٵͼλ棬ȴûһλ棬ԺѲģҪǱԽ٣»ò̩λ档
ϸֹЦݣƮǣͶȥһЦݣССһͼ̩λ棬ȴԻ˼˼һ׽̣ԺƲ磡
šһľʤæԾʩ񣺡֣͸öɽٷʵѾɾ˶ףǸõһλɽܣͷȥ˵һ̩λ棬һٸ̩λ棬ҲǸ֣
ʤǧ磬ǿߺ֮࣬ҪСˣ̩λ浱̩Ǿͨ˶ܵңڲλ棬̾ǿߣЩ˶öԸ
˵ޣ˿ҲܾʤһӰ죬ȷǸ
̩ӿǺǣ̫ǫ飬ȷصˣ˱ʮ״ԲҲռʲôˣʵǿߣ£Ҳֻ뾰ռƽ֣ʤ˵
̩̫ǫ˾ˣôȣΪȻԶսˣҪ˴ܣܣҪԸ£Ҳôף
˵Ц׽̩Ҳһ⣬Ц󣬾ֵͷȷԺͼǲһƷʤӵͼɽλ棬һһ֣
ʤڿͼٺ٣ʤһڨڨЦݡ
ӷģ㸸ΪͼҲ֣̩һн軨׷
ͻͻͻ
ȻƮǷ򣬷ŷһ߳ǿն𶯣ǿߣĿ⿴˹ȥ
ע⣬ҷҪ֣ų֣˵Ĺ֮Уʵǿһˣ
ϵڣƿ񷣬ͻͻͻһ춯֮󣬾ͷŷһˡ
ˣӰûʵֳ
·ǻҷ˫ֺһֹ֮ϣЫʥаʩչ
໡
ϷǾ˻󣬶һǿ˲ϵʵߴɣʼӰȻΪʵʵ֮仯һ𣬲Ż׻Ϊʵ塣
Ȼʮףʮ״ԲǿߵͨûΪʵ뱾һģһң˾޴󣬻ǿ֮Уǿ֮ơҷȻһ𳬼ǿߣ
ž˴ûΪʵ壬ҶȲɶݣͬʥ塣
˹Ȼҷһģһ˽ɫףһ󴸣Ҳǻƽɫɫһ֣˾һһͻͻͻشǿ֮УƮȥÿһ̤ǿգһ籩С
ǿ֮еһЩƬʯ͸˲ãɼ籩ﵽֵز
áһδҪȫԸ
ž˲̤ǿն֮ңҪƮ򣬽ƶʱɫңһϹŶֱһɽƿأֱӽͼ֮С
ͼõôϹŶֱӼӳһʱ䣬ͼ˸һһϼ⣬ƮǾϵ棬һγһӣһӣûл棬ֻʥϼ⡣
ңϼոճ֣ͻΪһϼƣ֮£ͼǰͼвӫ⣬ڶ֮˸
ལ
ţƴһϼԱߣӿһϼ⣬ӶΪһϼ֮
𣡣
ϼơལγһ̣ѾƮϿͷŭ𣬱ֱ趯ƽ󴸣ƮǺݺȥ

ƽ˲䣬ϼɵལӭȥײһײ
ջƽ󴸣ལ֮ϣƽ͵ȻȻֹŷལһ̱һɰѻƽ󴸺ݺݶٴһѡ
ѹ
ޱ飬һ𣬶ʱ˫һ𣬻ƽ󴸾ͷһɫ֮⣬ݺݵؿʼལѹȥ
һ̣оƮҷһ˿⣬һ֣ȻǱҴѹ
ꡭ
ལȻƽѹֱӶѣһ飬Ϊϼ⣬ƮǾϵ֮С
䡭
ڻƽڣǿհҪƮ֮ϣʱϼûĶƣڻƽ֮£صصֵסƽ󴸿ֲһ
ӲĴ󴸣ͼû̵ĶƣײĩղеĻҫǿոķ
͡
ϵڣϹŶ֮УΪס׵ǿߣ׷̲סѪӿ³һǻѪĭϹŶҲɫ΢΢԰ס
ǿҷȻͼѹ
ҶǿգȻҲײĩչҫ𵴣һ㣬ҶȾʹǿֳҺüʱʩչͨͻᱻԺ˿¶ʵ
䣬ǳ𣡡
ƿһϹŶǿѹȣ֪˻ֲסһƴͷһӡ
ʮǽͨÿһζӵɾʿҶȵõһΣͻò˿̣ƾȻͷųʮαӣͼ֮С


455 ֣2
ͼͻȻһϼ⣬ֱӴͼ֮Уһϼ⣬͸ϵϼûĶƣһͬƽײ

ƽͼУʱʼ飬Ӷ鿪ֱձţǵϼȻûʧƽƬ֮УֱӻоţţǸߴҲʱ߽⡣
ͼȻû뵽Ժͼںϵ˾˵ز֡
ƽ飬ĹһĿģλǿߣҲ𾪱֣̿ҷ˵
ҷƽͫ⣬ֽͬգȷʵ⣬ԺѾͼһͨʩչǿͨҲֻ֣ſ԰ͼѹȥ
Ĺ֣ǲ֣һ֣óڶڶ׷٣ðգϢԳ֣
ɲǼ䣬һǺӰ֮ңԶǿչ
ݼ
ҷЫʥаӭ֮ӰֱӺ
̩ӡʤ
ǿ֮УҶͫ˸Щ⣬ûϵɽҪͷô˳֣ʹ۷֮սҪҿĻ
졭ɽʮ
𾪵ȻƮڣԺڸ֣ϹŶƿնͦǿ֮Уŵúϡ
üͷ£飺ҪˣԱߣһˣ飬Ժ᲻϶ͣͿڣ
򡭡ȻҲнű飬⻹һС
ƣҲǸԺӪô꣬װ׾ô䣬ḷ́һôѧӸ㣬ҲΪ룬Ͷֻһ·򣬱֣Ժ֮ʱ
̩ӡʤٶǿգվ֮ϣƮǵ˵
죬ɽһֱȡԺҰģȻң㣬ѧӳʧȥϣȡԺ죬֪Ҫش۵ģ
λĳǿߣֻɰ˽ΪĽƣھǰԵöôС޾ɫǼ
ЩϹŶдʱ˿̣ڲڼƵѧӣɲ飬ٶǶоԷǾս񣬱˵ǿһۣ־ҲȻ
úãһ֣Ժͻ߽᳹⣬Ҷ֣Ѵ֮ͿԵõ񣡣
ʱ˿̣ǿһ̩Ц˻һֱڻָʵ׽̿⣬ȡԺȡƻöԷݻԺȴˮ
ȻѡǱ޻˵ǻ·ߣƫҪǱһ̣
ˣߴȻһգ۾ͳƮǾϵϿգƵһָָ⳯ϵȥ
ལ
ûϵٶȣǿҲ糣һ㴩˫һϹŶзӦ֮䣬ǰͼһϼ⣬գۻΪལɱնȥ
䡭
һ㣬δƮǾϵ·ɱལݺݵײһը𣬾ָȻһͰͼûལһ顣

ལ޷ֹ죬ָâ٣ǵ˾ϵ֮ϣ˼һĻˣָͨȻѼ̾ϵһ
ᣡ
Ƕľ֧ھƵལһ̣͵һϹŶҲѹ׷׼ϵ˸ǿʢҫĿҫۣǿϣһ˿ѷ졣
ʵȻĹȻͬʮΪǸ߼ɽһˣһָ˼Ӳ뾰ӲȣҲಮ٣
һѸײڶ֮ƹҶӿ죬ǿ޵УҶѾ뾰ڲ࣬ͻɾǾ֣һͻɾп֮
䣬û°ɣ
⾧ϵΣϹŶſʼĽ
վֱ壬ˣͼ󲿷ûʲô£˵ȷλԺѾ֮ͷϣλ˷ҪжģһĶ⣡
Ժ䡭
ʱ˿̣ҶҲЩĲ̣Ȼôǿߣȴ飬ǹ죬Ϊ̩λһӣҶȥһѣǼʹȥҲȲԺ
һҶȾ޷սʤʮ״Բͷͨ쾳ʮףʮ磬ԶԶֹҪ㣬Ҳʮ嵽ʮȼ֮
ҶٻħǰҲ޷ı棬о̩ӣĹǿߣЩ޷ɱħ𣬿ɳħʵҲδָ˵ز
Ժ񴦾ҶҲ


456 ֮
ֻһָý޷мܣѾϵһͼƲᱻɱƮҲݻٴ롣
ԺڸΧסͼ׷עͬʱֿǿ֮Уߴ޵еľëֱ
һͼλ棬ҲɽΪУ
ĹȻһ֣ǿΪƮǣܷһֻҲɲȥ
ĴָλȴԺ˰һ޲þƮϡãԽͷ֮ޡ
ܵסһָ
֪ǳޣǲм˫֣ͬ˸ƮǣȻͷһȦȦɫҫУ֪ɽ
Ҫ񡭡Ժ¿ɲˣʵ̫ǿᣬͳԽɾԺӵͼҲֵܵס͹
ɽλ洦ڷ߽棬Թͨɽλ棬һǿ߼ǹͨɽǿߣඥӵ˿
žͷŹ⣬иܵѾԽ̩λ汾ԴѾںϴɽ߼Ǿˡ
ͷǿʢƣҶȶɽ޺棬εһ׳磬ǲʿݺʥء
УҲκֻͨȭͷƣ
ಡ
һмɭɭصһһǿնΪ֮ɢ籩Уֱӽǿնһɫȭȭͷǿ˸Σգ۾ͳƮǾϵ⡣
ٿ
ƴʱͻȻɳƾϵվڱԵǿս紦һӣͼͻΪһӳɱȥ
ŴȾԺûκλᣬֻзлᣬȻã
ҶһЦҪ뾰濹⣬һһ߶ߣԺѧ˵ð취
һɰ˽ףʲôƣʮףڱҲʲô֪ʲôǾ
Щ⣬ûϵƻֵԼԵ˵ȺɶûǿУҲһˣǧǿûκá
ͼ𣡡
ƮǾϵǿսϻ𣬾һڣһȭֱɨͼûƶ򵥣ʮΪǿߣжôӲ
࣡
Ȼۣǹ⣬ָһץͼֱӺ϶ΪһͼȻҲΪӣٲɱľȥ
񡭡
ȭֱӶǿգݺݵͼӷڵӣҵ໥ɱȭ֮Уŷ󺣣ȭȻͼ⡣
εΪһȭҪƸͼȷӵͨϾʹãͨûпԣûȫ⾰
ɫȭ֮ٿȻͼ޷Ѿǿȥȭͻͻͻؽ䡣
Ŀ֮УͼӲ׳ӣϹúǿշڣԽԽС
ɶ񡭡
ɫͻȻ԰Ҳ˫ͫѪ쿴ΪǿԺԴȻ𣿡
ʱ˿̣ŵĽƣȻֳɫһ䣬ݺεȸ߸ϣգȴһ֮С
뾰սò£Ѿ漣̫ˣԭͱ̩λ߼̫࡭
û뵽һ䣬ڳΪһǱ˲мߣҶ겻ѣҲȻһעģ޷ı䡣
ԺȻֶΣܰͼںϵȳ̶ȣһ̩λ汾ԴںϵýֻϧһжҪڱǰһȭ㻹ܽס𣿡
֨֨
ͷһɫâҪʹ֮зĦ֮ڼ䶯ƤҲΪϽɫ
嫣ɻ
Ҫ֣Ʈ쾧ϵڣϹŶȻڤһɹͷͷųǣԺڲѧӣҲڤһɹΪϼ⡣
ҵҴ̫
ͻȻڽƺ󷽣ҲƮѧϢԴԴ۶
Ȼ֮
壬ҶȾͿڽΧӰͬһѧΧƣϢԽԽޣԽԽǿ̩λ
û뵽һˣȴܶʹ֮¿ɲãﵽ۷壬Ժѧȫϡ
ǿһƬ̩Ҳɶݣˣһ۾ͿȡԺܵҪ󻯴߶ͼ
ƾȻֶΡ
ҶһΪ⣺ԺȻ̣ڽƲǶѹҪ֣Ըʣʣ´̩λ۷״̬ǾҲ׶Ը
ȷСˣ
һ̣Ҳֹ㵿ŽԽԽ޴ͼԽأڲϱ߷
ƵȻ֪ǺεȵˣֻȫһȡնɱˣԺ죬ϧƮбԴѧ۶Ҫǿ߶ͼ
죬ҪԺҲùɡղͻȻ޵ƣԸ߸ϵľ
ããѾûȫһսû뵽һͼλ棬ñʩչȫ㳢
䡭
ȫƤΪϽɫͻȻʧֱһ˾ʹǿճɱȥ
ڲ񷡭
ŷ˫ִһӡͼʼ߶ͷһĿϼ⣬һʱϼɣƮҫøӹʶĿ
ͼһοʼ仯Ȼںǿ֮Уһ񷣬˺ѵϢͷų
䡭
˻ΪϽɫݶϽɫһʹǿ֣ڿƮһ̣ͱһϼ˻ȥסӣž濴ǰǿգȻһƬϼ񷣬ӡ
ңϼ񷣬ȻܿͰѾȻǿգǣȴͼûϼ񷣬
ͼԽߣ߶ܻûͨ
Ҷ̲סİͼڽƶһ߶£ȻʩչһƬ񷣬̩λ汾ԴںںϣѾʥֳ֣Ҳֵز
ԺԺ֮ףʵ飬ʵѹ̩λκˣҲԶԿ
ڣѾӽʮ۷壬ﵽ̩λ۷壬˵ھ̩λ
ԺֻԺݳںϵҶֲ̾һ
ããֶΣƣҺ㲻ʮΪҪͼ滹ò㣡
ǿ󣬻Ǳ
䡭
ϼΧľȻһҲţ˷ȸԾƺǿѪȡ
ʿһһսһɣɱ¾սһ㣬ѾȲϡ
һȭͼϼ񷣬Ҳʼ䶯һȭֱӴϼ֮ϡ
񡭡
ϼȻ᲻ɴݣһȭ棬ͬʯ󺣣Ȼϼ񷾹Ȼһûа
Ȼһƣ
һĻ˶ˣ̩ӡҶҲ۾ֱֱġ
ϼ֮УȻҡһ䣬ʱԽ˲ƵٶȣֱӶϼһȭһȭÿһȭͱضɽҡĺһըʼϼ֮˸
һĴʿޱߣս죬Ȼƾֱͼ潻ս
¡¡¡
ǿ֮Уڱϵıը
ꡭ
֮󣬽ƾȻһӿ³һѪոãһ
ƮǾϵڣϹŶŷϢʧˣһ۾ڲһһһһԺڲѧҲסһ̣κûС
ֻֻйо
ǿʵ̫ףǿѧӵ޷赲
ѵ˵ǿߣ
Ҷһֱûǿ߽֣̩ӡǧ䡢־ͷڼһ֮ԿͼԺֶΣǿ߸ӵеġ
뾰಻Сֻͻɾһս̩ӡǧȾҪ˾ˣϼ޻
տʼҶȻԼо޴ģ񣬼֤һ˶ԿԺͳ׿ʼ
һʮ̩ӡǧˣֻǿҶһֱڱȽ֪֮࣬໹кܳһء
䣬̫ǿ󣬽Ժ
Ϣڲ΢ͼߣͼ飬Ѿ֪޷ֵʣ¾ʱѡ
ݡ
üͷһᣬʣԺȻҲ̩۹һû㣬ҲᲽ
ϱû㣬˻ʿҲݽ߶Ȼػᶯλǳ¶ٵػ磬Ҳһδδըһֵһ
ֻ࣬񣬲ܵҲ䣬ޡ
ײʲôû֪


457 ݻ

ǿ֮Уͼûϼ񷣬ըͼΪ񷣬вѣڿڳ١
ͼڹϼȴǿգֻͼûɣһѷ죬ȴ˺κʣ˵ɾҲ˺飬ͼ
һѷڽƼƮǡԺѧʩչɣΪģǰѾ˺÷飬ɱͼ֮С
ڶеҪԣһ԰ṩսʤǿǿС
Ժ̩λǧ꣬һ䣬֮´λͼ̩۹Ļλ棬ɨκǿУͳһķ˲ԺΪԺ֮ףɴ˿ɼͼһǷ
úãѵս˺죡
ϼ֮Уһȭȭ֮ϣͼƬǺӶڶңҲڱһѷ칥ÿһ˺ѣþȫԸһȭ飬Ѻۡ
ɽԸԺҪƷԺҲһ£ǽɾ
ɱ¾Եľͼò£Ҷһļ£սѾӽˣʵԽǿսԽǿ羰÷Ƿһȭƻʮ㡣
Ȼϼ֮УԽսԽ£֮ͷϽƣֱ飬һȭȥͼͷսѾܲס
ɱ
ɫԽ԰ףܺһԺѳֺˮբţһ֣ˮͻԺɣôԺҲڡ
䣡
ϹŶ˿̶վˣ˫ָ߾٣ﳹײؿһſŽ֮⣬ʼͷų
ƲҪֹҪûɱͼ֮С
ҶȼһϹŶȻͷųʹǣʼһͷų
羫ǽ𵤣ǹͨءͨһܵ𺦣
ٿٿٿ
ƮڲǹԺ֮УѧӣƺҲܵٻʼͷŽϣ
ӳ֣
һ֣ͰͬƮǱԴȡ֮Уȫžžը죬ʱ˿̣ƺ壬֮ǰҪͣͼһմƴ
ѣų١
飬ͻȻ䣬һ³ÿһǿͼʼ
߳
ͼ֮ڣϼͻȻǧѺۣҷŷһ㣬ħ֣ͣѾвͣɱ
ɱУɱа
øƣȻô˶Աɱ֣ãҾԺϣ
Ȼֹͣ˷ѷѷ죬ڲ죬񷣬ڵһʣҪ顣
໡
ͻȻһϽӰӾسͬҷǰ޴󣬳ΪһֻѵϽ
һĻ񷶯ݡ
Ͻֱ֮վȻѷ촥ָ飬˫ͷŇ棬ķϼ񷶼һһ𣬾ڴ˿̣ͼȻϼֳϽſ죬һھͰͼУϼҲ롣
ɣͼˣ
Ҷ𺳣Ȼͷűֻ˾춯ֱӰͼ壬ʵϣҶȲ²Ǵġ
Ժʳ
Ͻ·ԴͻȻͷҲûһͷƮǾһ硣
䡭
ǿգ˼һĻˣϽȻҲ羰һһ磬ֱӰͼϼ񷡢˺ȫƮǽơϹŶȥ
ôܣ
ϹŶһĻ޶ˣͨѾԽ֪ʲô츳ͨȻѶԷ룬ְȫ³
ħħֶΡ
ͣɣͣɣ
һ̣һȻͼϼ񷡢˺ͬһѹֱӼ𵤣ҧüѰ𵤣ʱͷŽɫ棬Ϸȥ
¡¡
ϧһǶľ֧ڰ£ǶôС𵤣ʮҲһϽĶ֡
ͬˮͰѽû壬УͼϽ飬Ϊ
һԺ䣬ΪάԺȻͱʷɡ
Ժˡ
ŽƳرɱֱӺֱײƮǣʲôϵһ̶ͬ裬ϹŶɣ򱻺һ
ɱɱɱ
Ĺּ죬̼䣬ķһͨʮҰʿɱڣʮͨ˳ŴýƮǣʱͼһ˵ϹŶǿ˺顣
ĹԴͷ˿ɵϹŶһ֣͸ˣԺѧӣǶ۵һغ϶޷Կͱʿɱɾܡ
Ժˣף̩λлĻǧ봫УΪȥΪʷһ֡
ôʧˣ
֮Уӱը֮վȥûˣֻϸûб飬ԺڻĻΪʱ˿ζ
飬Ժȥ޷ֵ޷ı䣬κ˶УԺֻһΪ֮飬Ӧ
ݺҵգһӰҶȣһĮһͳߡ
תҶȣ⾪ȣ㡭Ҷ£㣬Ӱɣѧӿ¶ҿͼȥҲΪԺһö֣ʣӦÿԸԺ
ͼ
ҶȺȻһ֣һץһƺͼͱץС
Ҷ¡㡭㾹Ȼѹͼ
ҶȾȻͰͼѹκӡֶΣʵǽҲҾܣѹղ븹оѾ
˲ͼǺεͨʱ˿̣ҶȵİˣȻ沿Ȼûб飬ͫ˼顣
ƿԺʮѧһУÿѧӶָƣУҶԺһţԽ˵죬ڣҶչֵʵѾһ¸ӵеʵ
飬㻹ǽͼ֮УԺʧʷȻԺͳΪ̫ҵ۹黤ߣ
Ҷȿɲһôֱ࣬һѹԴ̫һӿ壬ԺϢʱ̫һɣΪ̫һ
˿̿ʼ飬ȫҶȸ졣
ˣ
飬վҶǰҶʩҶһͰͼ֮С
ͼȻȼ̫ͣ쾵ƷҶƷͼǰҲˣ
գ֮䣬ҶȾ׶ȡԺҪıͼȻȲϳȴҲһڷ˵ǿԶԿ˵Ĵڡ
Ҷʵ飬񱻽Ʒںδ
ޱˣݳ񣬶ƲǬʥ֮УǬʥʮŻأУ
ʮŻأطҾȻ֪һ£Ժ̫಻˽⣬ֻϧ̩ѾӦҵĴڣ֮£Ĺ֣޷Ϣ߳񣡡
Ҷҡҡͷһͷ޽䣬ͼ
ﾹȻи࣬
ڴ˿̣ãУһɫǿߣһͷŻâŷһϵ֣Ȼ֮߳ҶһվǰͿĲѣһִ󵶾ͳҶ
һˣǰΣ֪
Ҷȵһʱ͸Ӧ˳֣תͼ˳Լٵ£ҶȺ޶ݣǰ˵ȷǿס߽ףҶǰһֻϡ
ɱҲɱˣ۾գ¡
䡭
ۿҶҪ֮ʣʮӰͻȻֶʤһָ߳һһָˣ˾ԲԶ
Ҷֵܣû¾ͺã
̩뾰֣һǿ֣̩£һۣҶȵһЦֵܡ
̩֣
Ҷһȣŷ񲻰æʩ񣬵ȻǹΪԺĻȻҶ£Ѿûκʸ̸̩ÿͿ
Ҷ֣ؿҶѣôݻԺ㹦ҲС̩ҶǰЦ


458 ȡ1
̩Ҷȼ򣬿Ҷ֣ҵȾͬһߣȾְ̩λһͳ⻮һƬͳΣ֣԰ɣ
Ա˵̩λʲôͳ̫λ棬һͼλʲôҶֵͳΣ뽨ʲô͸ɣû˸ҹ㣡
Ȼʵǿλ׿Խ޼ӣһԾʤһӣͱӻҪš
һһ֡
ɵҲС֪ոչԺҪҵһˣˣҶΪʡ
ھ̩УҶȸһӣþãþ֮
ĹѾԺǧѧӣããҶֵܣǬʥصȴҵȣߣ
ץסһ֮ȫǵ⡣
գ۹ԺһҲǰĹֳ֣ǽ޷ֿһУοЩλѧӡλѧӡ
ⷬҶ겻ѣԺƣݣûаꡢһ¶ûУŶ̶ʮ𣬲ò˸дһ
һȺǿߣı̩λֵľͷƺƵԺʥطȥ

ԺʥأǬѧӱǿߣһƣڵһĹָɱڣմѪ֪նɱԺѧӡ
ԺʮѧӣҲ֮һƮǣʣһڲѧӶĹִǿߣֱҧ˺飬ʳڱѧӣѾ˵
ǸǿߣҲŵû¡
ǿߣɾʿ󣬸ɷڣ໶Ծ
ʮʿ󲿷ֶԺأ׷ɱʣѧӣǶȡǰ⼸ʿΪϣݻԺ̫ס
ǡҶȡҶ£
²ǧѧӣд󲿷˶Ӫ֮УҶȺȻУһ̣˶Թޡ
ҲҶʶˮǬ³Ǹ˻ƻСҶйһ֮ԵĽͤԺλѧӣҲУ󲿷ˣ¡ִˡ
ԪϼţԪϼΪϽƶԿҪѾŽ䣬Ⱥû˰Ĺ֣ɱƮǣͰһϹŶʳ˺飬һ
ǧѧ֮УҲֻм뼸ʮλѧΪߣΪߣһͳͳ䡣
ҶȸܵÿһѧӣԼԹĿ⣬޶ԣҲϤˮǬҶȱʾκ޳ҲúúõģҶȣǳƺϣ
Ҷ֣Щ棬ҼǺ㣬ҪҪӰȫնɱһ
ʱʤȻһգаһɨǧѧӣҶȣһһֶɱ
ǧѧӣҶȺȻ˫֣Ҳ˵ˣһȺ棬ңЩҲΪɽףū๤κζԣ
ҵˣûиӦλ澫֮أǬȻ𣬵ʱѾλںϣһʱҲ޷ȫƻһƻܾܿͰѳǿպڶ֮У
ʱ򣬻ҷ꣬˵
Ǭȷ򣬻Χȫںϡ
ǬȻ̩ӵ̩֣ˣ޵УûгӰ٣
ã
̩һֱûκζھͬ⣬̩Ӳͷ⣬ǿʱǶͬâǬռ֮С
һ̣鰵ԺѧӣȴǰЦŷ˾ҲΪ˶ο
Լʮ֮󣬵֮ʱ̩ӺȻƼžʱ̫㣬飬ͨǳ֮в󷨣ʵδָ޷ʩչ죬һǸܵһ˿ϢǬ֮Уһʮ˻ռ䣬ƺУ
֪Ͳѽնɱ˹ȻĻ
һĨޣ̾ȥҲҪ˷Ѻܳʱ䡢ܴҿռ֮Уҵ񣡣
λʮ˻ռ䣬ǬʥصʮŻأԺصĴڣԪҲ޷У
ڸʧȴ֮࣬Ҷһ
̩ΪżҶ仰˶˶˷ܴУʵҶ֣֪ʮŻأ
Ҷ֣ε귨㣬ǽʮŻأ½Ϊ̩λˣ
ʱͻȻҶߣЦݴδйУԼӾʤҲδйҶȣֳһĿ⡣
ĸҪ̩λ棬ԺѾֻҸ֮
Ҷȵһ־ϲֱ֮þ̩ӿڰЦƺҶˣȻ̩λˣˣһģʹҶֻһ޴־ʩС˾ܿҶˡ
̩ǱԺҾһֱڰŪԺκܣһΣɲ֪ʮŻشڣҲ֪ͲУа취Ҳֻ֪ҪƲȥı䣬Ӧò⣡
Ҷȼæ˵
ãֵܣٴηŻ̩λˣҶҶֵܣɽḨ㣬ҶֵҵĴ˰ӴҾֵƣ
ЦҶȱֳ飬ȻһжֻǣΪõͷòļı
ҶƳһ̩ӣٶ̩ӿͬʱҲУҶȼæսս򲻸ңֵܣ
һӣǿߣԼԺǧѧӵ棬ʲô£ԺֵƣҶ֣ҵĺֵܣ
ǣ֡ҶȻηηβ
ʤĹԺҲҪֹ׽͵Ϯͬʱ󣬸ܿ
´ͬʱһ֣̩ӡҶֱӳǬʥط룬ǿ߹͡
ȻЩǿߣ֪ͷڣҪ֪¶ԾͲġ
Ǭҿռ֮Уһޡ˸ǿ֮ʥأھ졢̩ӡҶǰ
ʮŻ֮븣أҪԺɼڤſԽ룬һҪƾѪ
ҶȻһָ졢̩ȥҶȵֻϧѾ䣬޷ȡѪһ̺ƾѪıӣǽɣǱӣ
һץķͳһ˸ʥϢ
첻ϼ޻ȻǲҶһֱͷһɨŷĵȷǽϢ


459 ȡ2
´󹦣Ϊ£õҪʹһӣҺһֱûʹãû뵽ϴó
Ҷ˵治졢ĲƸҶȵıӣˣһӣҶȴͼ֮УȡƱԴͼǽһֱȻ
Ȼ벻ҶȻõͼ֪ҲҶȻͼһӡ
̩ѵҶ֣Сģǧó֮Уһ籩ͺѰ
ţӣҪԺɽڤſԣھʩչʮ·һͻͨǽʮŻصͨ
ಡ
Ҷ̷ɳռ֮ϣʼһ·ߣ뽭һģһ
ͻͻͻ
һ֮󣬹·ˣռ֮УͻȻһϵ֮ͨͨУͻȻŷһǿʢԴ֮
񣡣
̩ͬʱһɱԴ֮ǳ̳ͨ룬ҶҲ֮ͨ
ʮ˵ǳ⻷ǰһɴﵽ̩λ߼Ϣʼڿռ֮ͷųʥʮҪǿʢ
գ۾һƬʯĿռ䣬ûҶж٣ͱͳͳ֮Уһռ֣챦ԺǧܵĲȻȡ
ɶ񡭡죬ʱŰɣһжģҪɽвҶҪõӱ
в񱻾ӶһգҶһ仰Ҳҷţװ׿ŲƱУָоǲܡ
죬һѪ
ȻҶһǺ֮ͫͻȻ˸һڨЦŷӣҪõô
񣡣
ռһϼʥ⻷ʱǳ˸ոսƬռ䣬ͼգƯݳͬ뷲ıʯĿۡ
񡭡
һȥ֣һ°ݳߣͻȻһ𿪣ҷΧǳ֮ѷ죬ŷݳʱڶǿ֮С
û뵽Ͳǿ󷨣óǳںһ壬һǿжȡͻȻǿѷ֮У
̩Ҷȷ뾰ߣǿ󷨣̩ҲҡҡͷӲֻлϰʱǳи
ꡭȻʵǿᣬڷ֮У޵Уȴڼʶȷ棬̩ӣ̩ǰһӡ
ʱҶվλ֣ӦҲɡڤ䡯ϳԴɣµһԣɹ깦£
ûһ˿ԥŷҶΪǰֵһ᣺ǺãҶ־Կκβף֨һ
ؼʱԿɽ磬뾡õͷɽ㣬ͷأɱһƬ˵һҲˡ
뵶ڤ䣡
Ҷǳǰ΢΢ٴͷԺԴʼ֮С

ǳȻûзںҶͷŵҶʼ볽񣬲һһס
ãã
ͷ̩ҲǻЦ
УΪ̫ͣ
ҶʩչԴҪݳ֪΢΢һ𣬶ҶԲס³һѪæ졢̩
ֵܷģǻһ֮Ҫж٣
̩ӱ˴˵ͷȻԴһ⻪ȣشҶ壬Ͼ͸оҶңУҶΪȷ̫Ƕ޷ȡҶֺεºܡ
졢̩ӡлΪҹҴﵽͨʮ۷壬Ͳˣ
ԭҶһжһļı
Ҷȱ츳ǳһȣʵڶȡһ̣ҶȾʹԺԺκܣʮŻأоǳǣƣóȡ̩ۺ
һǷ޵һɽ·ˣжôֲȻö˵
ҶӣΪȡΪû뵽ô٣ȻҪһֶΣܻȡ
һͻɾҶȾԾţһ̤ͷУҶÿһ󾳽磬ʵͻͻϴܣһɾҶȾӵбȼɾһ׵ΰʱ򣬾ҲǸף̩ӡǧҲ׷ҪҶնɱ


460 
㽭ưѳõԣҶǰһпռ䶼ǲڵģôǧͼԽ롢ƿκοռ䡣
ǿϧݳǰȴΪã
ǰѷ޵Ŀռ֮УݳԣͷŶĿΣȴںϣĺ̡
̩ӡʵֲ̫ҶҪǰ߳񣬸ܣӵдǧͼǿʵҶ֮ϣҶȸûκλᣬ⵽Χɱòʧ
ûгȴҲԣ
ʱ˿̣̩ӲͷעҶ֮УһɹƢůȫŷë׶ſ
̫һȻӡڵֻ֮ԺԴڵõ룬Ҷȿʼ뵤ݱԴںϣںϹֿӦ
һָỳҶȡ
̩ǳɶǿߣɽ磬ǳˣͱ壬һ̤ʮ׵֣ɽλǷߵȼڣȻҲ̩λ޷ȵġ
ãȴҷãҵӣҺǰҲһأߣ
Ҷ˫ֲϴһݱԴʩչڤ䣬ʩչһ֮ݳһʹࡣ
һգ۶ҶȲ֪ն̩ӡΪᵽһֲزܴǿ֮Уõɽܣ޴Ҷһ󺣣˹ȻҲ޷ֲ
Ҫ̩ӡ֪ΪҶȰװ׹ӶҪ࣬ѪӿѪֹ
ʱ࣬ȥһỳɡ
£Ҷ̩ӡһҲͣЪҶյ񷡣
ȻҶȺܲţᣬȥֿ϶ߣ˶ͨʶǷһè壬Ҷȿ϶벻Σ
û޼
ಣ
һͻȻһֻ֣ץסһݳҶȫĿݱԴ忪ʼϢҲԽ
һ֮
һ۾ͿҶҪһݳ񣬼Կƣ̩һδһӡһɽǵسҶϯȥ
ٿ
Ƶõ̩ǿҶȲ޵ͨһǣɴǳ֮ʼǳںϣƿ֮ʼں֮
ھ̩ǰһݳ񻺻ǳԵȻҶȫһͷ˳

һڳոճһ̣ѳץסããڵô㣬Ҷ֣ͣ
һ֮󣬾ѳ֮Уһ̩λ澫ҶҲҪһӣգ۾ʩչǿѳ壬ҲѳΪУ˭Ҳ޷ߣǰնɱ
Ц½޵дڣ·Ҳ޷նɱ
ϲ֣ԸԳ̩ȭ
СõڶݳСãҿóӵݣһ̩ͬ⣬ҳħҲȡңΪһݳӵߣʱҡħһͬ룬ˣȻս޲ʤ
űװ˺ɰҶ治һҪôõڶݳ񣬹Ȼһıƶ
ǧͼ
ֹ˼죬Ҷƺ̩ΪõڶݳȻͣעҶȲûκʵѾﵽͨʮ۷壬ɾһ֮ң
һ࣬ҲͻƵġ
ǰҶѾڰֽţͷŴǧͼͬԺӿǳǧͼơ
ᣡ
һΣҶͷŸǿʢâһץ֮ʼˮӿǳ󣬿һĻ̩Ӽæʼע

ҶȫƳ񣬳֮ʣۿҪɹǣڳﵽһռ䣬ŷ߶һؽƣһǳ֮⣬صس˷ǿտռͿʼ飬Χѷ쿪ʼֳºڶ
ˣ
Ҷȴһŷûϵһͻ䣬ʶſ죬ͷȫһƬ֮ҧס񣬶ǳռ俪ʼ飬ڶ֣Ҷȱڶʼڴʱ񱻰ҲӺڶ
ಣ
ѷ֮ǿºڶƣҶȷŷ޷ңһƾȲѰѳ֮С
Ҷ֣
һͻ䣬ҪʩչͨӺڶ֮жȡȴû뵽ҶƴҲðΣգȻ֮£ѳ֮УҶ˾Ϳڶ֮С
̩ӸһһһɹƿռƱͬ˷ڶ⣬ץסҶ˫֣ӲذҶȴӺڶ֮ҶȼһȻҲõ
ֻȴҶ塣
˷ɳʮŻأվһƬʥռ֮У̩ĿһɨҶ֮УݱԴֱݱԴںϣҶְѳںˣ
Ҷȴ̫⣬Ժ֣ڳֽ֮ţȻҲͻ飡
֡
ͻȻ̩Ŀһ˸֮ɫ촫ϣɱ
̩֣ĿȻǳ񣬵ҪͷҶһֻһֻϣԺúãģѾ֮ʣӣƣ
ڳ˼ȴ̩Ӵߣ̩֮ΣأʱͷҲֻңǿСԽʯһֻϣѵֻ᷺̩ʲô
ʲôµģȻд㣬ֵҲӶѣֵֻҪΪ屨ɱǧ䣡
̩ɫһգɱ
һĨЦûб̩ӷ֣󷽶Ҷ˵Ҷ֣ܱںϣĻãǻȥ̩⣬Ҫг񣬾Ҫ鷳ֵͬһǰȥᱦ֮ԺҪѹóκˣ
ǡлл֣Ҷȵݼţһ̾
ռ俪ʼû˾ͳǬ̩ħȥռϢҶ򱻾һ޴ƶ֮С
лΪ½ѣ¿ó̩ӸղŶɱģ
붴֮ҶһˣͿʼصسȭл
Ϊһɷ絭壬Ʋˣȴķпռ䣬ʵѵйڣ
ǹڣ̩һֱͶãΪңҪ󣬲ǿ֮Уϣ
ҶֺϷҪóƣ侰̩֮ϵŭ𱬷̩ӵѣһͬԺ֪õʲôͶһ뿪˵ҺΪԸ׽̣Ϊ̩ʲôſڿӴӦҪƽֱбڴСı˻ƻ֮Уɱ֮ģô֮ģ

֪һƺһУҶȷһԣ̩ʲô뷨ܰװ׳̩µı⣡
Ȼ֪̩ӾɱܣҶҲơ
ҵãҰĲ϶ǲ˵õ̩ұǻеһֱȴң˳õ񣬼ԺҾüֵߣ
Ҷ߲ѣÿ˵һ仰ȭͷ߬ø֨죬Ǹģ޲ð̩ӴҡƤ
Ȼɱһ𣺡ҶַģҲ̩ӣʲô˶ãեȡôֵܷģһõ⣬Ϊ㱨ɱ˴ˣ
Ҷ´ӴˣԸ׷ңΪЧ
ߣ̩Ҫǳ£ñֻ·һСֻǸĿǳ޵īļһ԰ܣͳ̩λ棡
ͫͷŵϽ󣬷ŷһУЦЦҶȣããҾͺúλᣬ̩ӳ漸ǧѧӣͽҶ֣ҪɱɱԺҶһԵҪɱϣ
ЩѧӣЩĿ϶ѣҲһɲ¾£ǣ
ҶҸڣ뿪ƶ
Ҳȫ̩ӣҶ룬ɱ̩ӣ̩Ӱ̩ӣ㾹Ȼɱң
뿪ҶȾɱ¾֮ģ̩뾰κһһֶҶ̩ӹȻҰģھɵӣ̩Ҫɱ;ǲ̩ӡ
ãҶվм䣬ƱƿأȴΪһƲҲ˳ʼںһݳڿö̩֮⣬ȡͷ


461 ۷ۻ
ǿǸͽˣ
꣡
ݼǧѧӱؽһƬŨҽ֮£һڴ֮У޷Ĺּǿ߲öɣ˭Ҳ
ʱһȺǿͻȻӰʩҶȣԺѧӣҶһɲǣʱѪŭ֮⣬Ҷȵħ
Щѧӣ˵Ҳн顭
ҶǿעĿ£֮ǰǧѧӸһ󣬽ʮ׾룬ѧӴ˿ζȫԺҲΪ˽ţֳΪͬˡ
ǧѧ֮Уλѧֻʮң඼λλλѧӣʥλѧҲһ֣ЩѧܹҲгǿʵıʤ̭߶նɱҪô
һɨҶǿˣʥؽ֮һλѧӡڤçɽԺʯλѧӣʢԼʮͨǸˣλѧƳǸ˻ƻУеһҪ׷Ҷȵκ޳Ҫѧӣй
꣬ϤˮǬҶͬΪ£֮ΪУˮǬĻ֮սսҶȣ鸴ӣ˭Ҳ֪Ǵ˿顣
Ҷ£Ⱦ޳
ѧУκ޳ͻȻվŴ󣬹Ҷ
ѧţԺڿʼͳΪȥҶͲʲô£ССһԺֻʱ֮ȻҲҪͶʲôɽԺҲҵ£ڿʼǾҹƣˮǬǸҺúÿЩˣȴʱһǳ
ȰǣҪֿɽԣɽһ˵ܶԸܶԸģ
Ҷȱ˫֣ǿǰҶȺ޶ǣҶͨޱߣʹݽ֮Уǧѧ麣޷
һ˵һѧľ
Ҷ뿪ԺһΧҶ׼ʼ̩ӡȡȻеڶݳ񣬲֮ǰҶȻҪ׽̶
һݳȥһᣬһݻ֮ĪȻݻϢ֮ҶΪ㵣׽̹ȻõԺʣµǷݳ񡭡
ǧʵҲ֪ˣֱɱԺ򣬴ԺԭУó񣬼ԭδǧõ֮Ҳ׽ֹ̽ͣս
ΪˣԺͬԺһ𣬲һȴûͳβǵǡ
ڵǲһۺѾռдƬأνʱһ죬ȻΪķĻ˼ǵҶȣν졣
Ŀܼ򵥣Ƕȡ򡢹򡭡Ҳõһݳ񣬾ǲ֪ˣǷҲ֪غսףһ֪¾Ҫ̩ӡǧ䷢ս໥ɱֻǣһ̩⣡
˼ɢ־һ˼ǰ󣬽һпܷı仯ҶԺ֮г͡
ǧ䲻öԸԻˡԸ׽ѾаգĪȻ׽еλԸ׽׶ˣھƴ䡭
뵽ҶԪ񣬷Ҷһмƻյ
ǣʥˡ
Ƕʥͳ֮£ΧһƬҲһϾ޾ʥѾƿΧһƬ򣬾Ŵ󻤷ķɢ񵤣Ƴƽٲûйȥʥ˳֣պÿⳡ籩
Ŵ󻤷껡͵Ⱦˣɢ񵤣ϰһſ£ʥˣȻ;ҲѹΪʥ˿Ź֮⣬һʥˡ
Ϊ񵤳֣ʥ򴫵ݿʿѰʥ˰ʥչ١
ʥΪɢˡؽԪ֣ǵ껾֣¶Ƕ֣ؽԪˣһҪͻɰ˽ףѾӵоŽʵʥ˵ڶ֡
һ֣ȻѾʥ˵ʥ
̩λһɾŽǿߣʥˣʥ˼£һʱƽ˾˶֪ɾŽǿʥˣҲ־ʥˣ׷׼룬Ҳ֮Уҵһűɡ
ʥΪرҶȣʥɽʿȥչ̫켸ǧɸ߽ǿʥˣʼҶȼƻҶȶȡ̩λ档
ƣԺͳΪʥûݣΪ̩Ӽ㣬˿鳽̳֣໥ӦԷڣţЩӵгǿߣӦòȻڻûҵ£ɱ
ʥʱ֮УħʮҪΪʥˡ̫ʿӦ鵤ҩҪǿңҲʼʮ٣һںϣҪ֮С
ֵʱ뱾װŲʶһ뱦⣬ͿԸѹУȡսף
ǺãӴҾʥΪƳˡͷҵģħö룬ͰַƱƳ࣬ħˡ
ɽ¶ˮʱ뱦֮У֣ͨԾ԰ѹ˵ȡͷⱦǵģˣ̫ںϵĳ񣡡
һ磬Ͱѳ˳
û⣬С˼С˼ˡһɣҵʵܴﵽɾϴһͬɽ磡
ħѳץģָһзӡ⿪ֱӾͰѳϢֳȻӵгǿߣӦݳڡ
һ飬صһ飬ڳˣ
һ˲䣬ķ֮УÿһӵгǿߣܵҶӡܾõĳ
ΪҶ񣬲̫һӡκҲ޷Ӧڳħ⿪ӡȻǿʢԴϢͷţɢƬ
ҵҪӱԺУ߳ˣһ
֮֮һʯɶȶ֮ϵ׽ʹߣˣǧ䣬ԱߣˣһλĺˣһλôסͷѮߡ
ں棬ǧ׽̸֣Ƕɸ߽ǿߣңΪ̳ǧԶ׽̣λ͡
ǣǧˣȻҲ׽̺ƻ׳ۣǧʲôطˣ׽̣ͬǧɽ½ʹߡ
ǧ䣬֣
ǧ˺ƺƵ֮⣬һ򣬷һֻʮˣͷߣȻһƽ۵ĵ죬ߣѩߣʮλɰ˽ǿߡ
졭
ǧһ죬ۺɱƺ̹Աˣ࿴ۡ
׽֮ǰԹԺ֣ҳɹõһݳ񣬿ν׽̴УǧȻҪɱ֮ˡ
ҽ춼ˣ
Ȼ룬ٷһƬ̩쾰ʤĹֻҶȼٷȻǧǿߣǳԾޱȡ
ǧһۿȥһƲ̩ӡи֪СӣһӪȻӵķݳ񣡡
Ҷȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ѩҶھӪʱ֣û뵽ԺҶȾȻΪߵˣ˼顣
Ժһ̣ѩΪҶȿ϶ǿɱ¾֮£Ȼ뵽ҶȻţһŲ
Ҷȡ졢ѩº֮С˶ݴ½̩λ涼һ
׽Ӫ֮УһҶȡ졢ѩѪڣ겻ѣͬһСС½Ȼ
۷ۼƼʻᡣ
׽ǧͻȻͬ߿̩ӣ̩ӡݵõ⣬̩ңɱ̩̩棬ɱ㣡
̩վھߣĹ֣ǧ䣬ԱߵˣЦǧ䣬ҲŹ㣬ߣ֮һᱨҲԸԳõҪĶ
˵ĶǶǹغɴ۴Уǲǣ
ڴʱƵĵ죬ͻȻһ֡
죬ȻҲ֪ɴۡǧһͶԵ챨Էɱ֮ģر𾪲Ϊε֪ɴۣ˭ġ
ǲҪҵɵӣǧ䡢̩ӣˣǰˣұǵλҪߣڱǰҪڿࡢʹ˵
ͷŶ컯֮ʵɨˣҶǳӵߣҲ֪˭õҪΪͷǾͿ˭ãڱõ

ʱһڲ˲ɳǿȥüͷ𣬵̩ӡǧԺУǿֶΣȡڳˡ
ʥƳˣλĻԭ񲻵ǿ̩ԿףԶŴ˵ɴ۴У
ǾϵȾһһӢĳ꣬ǰֳ
Ȼǳ
Ƴˣ
˶δ֣֪Ӻηɱľ֡
ԭ¾ʥͨȻܿƸƳ棬Ȼһ˵
̩λһϹŶʿγҲȲѣû뵽λ̸˾ܣսףȻҲ˵
ħԦǳǾϵɳƽ߶ȡ
һ̣Ҳħ𵽵ǺεΪ


462 ǰ
ħɵ֮ʲôɡᲢ۵ģɽλ棬ħҲһһ£֪ٻ˸¡
̩ӡǧǻʵˣǣɽ綼һˣڴǰ϶㲻ϣпħͨ
ˣԳħط緶ǿʵ˭ҲСӡ
ڣõ˷ݳڴ˷Ƽʻᣬ̩ӵݣǧͬݣ졢Ҷȡħһһݡ
Ϊͷ׽̩λ棬̩λ붯ʱԺҲӰ䣬Ȼ׽̡̩Ӿ̩λ棬Ͳı䣬ȻҲһǿ
ķǿǿۣվǺǣȻţӦòڴ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ɱͷѪһȻһȥ̩⣬⣬ȡͷɣ
ħЦɱһʲôͷ̩ⶼδһʲôûУǰװѪɥ
ȻҶȽ뱦⣬Ȼƾ£˭Ȼͻõͷ
ǧҲˣ˵棬óһһ仰˶ûбʾԡ
ӣǴӦ顣
̩ӣʵ̩֣̩ˣڴ˸ˣ̩ɽ̩ںδ
Ȼ֮£Ҳֻ֪̩ںδ
̩һĨ԰߳˴һأ̩棬½ǧ꣬Ȼռٱңɽ̩ɽ籦Ҳ뱦֮Уõͷ֪̩һܴѣŻ׼
ͷɽ۶õκˣҲغãλߣͻȻһ˻
̩ں̩λ漸ǧ꣬Դںϣ̩λ漸յȻѱҲ޷յĵط
̩һۣҲ׷׿ȥУһˣ˭ɵ
λǱɽʱڵߣΪ桯쵱ˣߣڽܵ
˶ס̩ȴǲмһЦֵطλԨ
λԨ
ȻλΪµĵطҲλԨΣԨͨţԹ֪жǿˣУ
̩仰˶̾Ϣ
λԨʲôطһ˲֪ڳǷǿߣȻ޵оˣȴҲȥλԨ
⵹⣬̩⣬ȻλԨ
ҶСħȥѰҡʥνԨ֮Уǵط£Ҷڶǲ¡
˾ˣ̩ȻѱΣյطҲһƬȻ
̩¶ɫλԨһſٵ֮ϣ˱仯Ҫ칦ܸӦ
ǧݺݿ̩һֿۣħ𣺡ǺãǾͽҸطϢȴ̩֣ʥˣģǲʥӰ죡
ûҲʾԸ⡣
Ǿʥ˾ϵ֮еȴɣλ롭
ħξ͵һˣһ֣Ǿϵʹˣһռ䣬ǧ䡢ͷȥҲѩ˵ȸַȥƺƵȥ
ǾϵһƬռͰ˰̩Ӷһǳ֮УӪһھȴ
˾ȴ֮ʣھӪ֮еҶȣȴħͨƣң̩ȻλԨ֮У̫һݺ£οССԨ
˵绢Щ˶Ʋ磬ʱϴҪôǧͼ̩λ汾Դ̩ȸƿأʱκα仯Ӳϴƿأ
ħ
ڶݳǰҲ̩ӡںһݳѾʹﵽͨʮ۷壬ʱɾһɾǰҲ£һΣҪǧͼҰ£Щһ򾡣
ҶȻǻмɵ̩Ϊˣ½ɽ籦̩λ棬п϶նɱ˵ֶΣӦö̩ƿأһΣνһж̩Ӽƻ֮С
̩̩ɣУھͽ̩壬̩ڱ֮УȻ޵дڡ
뵽ҶͻȻһƣѾһƣƣھҪǰʼ
һ֮󣬳ħϣ˲ЦݣҶƣȷҲΪ֮ݡ
ʱһȥҶȲҲʥɢˡؽԪ
˽λԨ̩λǿ߶ʧˣ̫ҵ۹չʱҶȽˣһҶȵ뿪ɢؽԪ˾͸ʥŴ󻤷ֱ̫ҵ۹壬ʽ
Ҷģ˽λԨ޷̫ҵ۹ͿԳԺԺɾһͳλԸ

Ҷǿ֮УȥûκζҶȴʱ֮У̫һڷȡںϣλ澫ֻͨںҶǳ׵װѳں֮С
ǾԵģһ֣һѪǳ񣬳񣬾һѪһ
ħһݳ񣬾ҶںϣҶȲûں֮У̫ǱԴںϣ̫ںϣ̫ǽΪ̩λһʥء
ڣҶҪѳں֮Уһڻ̩λҶƿأͬԴҲҶͻɾ̡
̫һɳڵɽ쳹ÿһ䣬Ҷ˸κζ
Ҫڻ鳽񡭡һȫںϣҾͿԽɾʱ򣬾ˣԿһնɱ
Ҷһճһϸƻ¡
λѾӦڣ
Լһ¹ȥ˾ȴ֮ʣʯ̩ӣͻȻվһ⵴ķ
ˣУ졢ǧҲֱΧЦãڿԳ
ڴʩչһǿͨǲſԽλԨλԨǿգпµĵϢר
˾ۼħһ֣˾ǣڿտǿ֮Уһɿ·ǼԨ˲俪ʼ
̩Ϊģ˵һ仰̴һǿ
ಡ
ǧ䡢׽ˡ뵥桢ϳħһ޵и֣ԴһѼǧ˶鶼ƿһǿ֣֮γһֲöɵǿͨ
Ҷȸûг֣Ϊֲ̫Ҷ򰲾˳ǿԨʼ䡣
ǿԨ·죬ҲԽԽ٣һϢǼʷ籩ǿջصš
ǿչҲҲ޷ֻԽԽңԶΧֻʯǿ֮Ư֪ӺηҲ֪ҪȥηһԶҲҲ·Ĵ
͡͡
һôȥ֪½ͻȻڰǿգͳ˿ֲ籩ֱɨǿշ籩˲ĵҪǿƻײλãʱΣգϡ
籩ǿͨķҡڣվסš
УҪȫͨһǿǶֻ·һ
ǧһţŷ龰һ֣֣˵
ãܻû⣬ǿշ籩֮УҶɣҲʾͬǧһ֣ͷӳͨ
ţħ𡢾ˣҲûѡ׷վͷǿ
ڸά£ǿͨڴǧˣȫɹ籩ʱ˾½֣֡
ûüˣһͷ֣ȫûһ˿ϢûУؼûоϵ
̩ӵЩʧȥڻٵ򣡡
ǿϢԽԽ䣬ëȻ·ԶλԨ͸ɱ¾Ԫ񲻰Ϣ
һץһɿǿ֮Ȼ𿪣޷Ԧ
˲ļ֣δλԨʹɱΣķǵλԨжΣգ˭Ҳ޷֪
Ȼһɷ
ʱǧ䷢־һ򣬵ײȻһɫײʣΪɫҺ塣
̾ǵκʣ֪ħ׹·һžԶڵҲ·һ
λ·ѾӦ֮Сģ̩ͻȻһ仰Ŀⶼȥ˷׷׿·Ԩһɺɫ磬ʼֳ
ֻǿһۣ˾͸оǡ


463 ̩Ĺ
λԨǶǿֲοĹ֡졢ѩЩûдﵽ˾ķˡ
ֻҪûжɽ٣ﵽɾɵ֮ƾɾ֮ǿ羰ǶǷ˶ѡ
ޱߵǿգ籩䡢񱩣֮ͨˣľսëսﶼڳƵġ
һſ𽥳УÿһһɫǱȴʣΪɫҺ壬һεβϵԨ֮УЩ򣬴󲿷־ȻΪɫҺ壬˴Ŀġ
̩ӿ֮ͨд³ǿʩչͨҷ籩ɣ𽥣˶޾Ԩ̶
λԨ
̶֮УеֻʣС벿֣һЩϵľʬ塢иֹϽԨ֮г١
̩Ĺǰ
̩ӿͨ򣬽Ҫ׹ԨȺ֮УȻ̩һָǧ䡢һ
һƬžԨ̶֮ϣһž޴ƯԨϷû׹ԨƮǾ޴󣬷ŷ̩ʱһźܳ
򣬳Բ״һĹڲٵطܿþ޴ͨĺۼĹȻǱ˵ɡ
һ򣬾ܿһĻǹ񹤡
̩Ĺ
żͻͻעͨ˲Ĺ֮ϣվûӲޱȵʯϣһͨĹȻĹ֮ǰ̩Ĺĸ֣ǱǿָԿɣÿһÿһʻɻ֮ңĹԡ
ԶĹɽһʣҲԣڷ磬Ĺһڡ
ǡīʯһֱرϣôһ飬ɽҲǱҪߣ
˶Ĺ񣬶ǧԱòͷѮˣȴ޹˼ɣֱ׼ҪȡĻ
Щ׼񣬶ǵĹǱﶼŹ

ۿִ׽̴ҪֶȡĹ̩ͻȻΪ裬ǰһԪչ÷ص㣬̩ĻλһµģҪΪ׽̳Ŀˣ
ˡԪչϼƲ׶̩֮ӣ̩ˣڱϣڲһˮҷͣǿͷϣΪܻ죿
ǧˣɽ֮ʱҲɱ̩ҡҶȾվھ֮Ա߻Ĺֶ񣬷ŷһֱڼ
Ԫչ֣
վǧˣգ۾ͳ̩Ԫչ룬ûκζͻȻƾƶ˲еͨ˲ơ
˲ƣռͨںϣ˲ٶԽ죬ԽʹʩչʵԽǿɣһ˲ƣɿԴ򵽴ֻ̫գ۹򣬺νˣӰȥ٣ݺɽ
֣к£Ԫչ񶾶һƲˣŷҲǺѺá
˵˵ĸΪΪ󣬺ô̩ҲһɣλҶҪߣӦõõأﵽǷˣҪ÷˾˾ǵĹ
֪̩Ӹˣ㲻Ҫڴװʲôˣɱ̩ңҲѪծۣ
̩ӣΪ˵Ȼ飬ڶ³ʲôˣˡɫһŭ

໥ᣬκη˶岻죬ʱ򣬵λʵɲߣ߳һɷǣΪ󣬼λǱҪҪɱҪһȥҪ赲ҽ뱦⣡
Ԫչ֣֡ɣ
ŵǧҲڷԡ
ڳ˾ȻˣȻƲر죬ûоǿʢȴˣκ˶岻졣
Ȼһصĺ˭ҲǻΪƳˡĳħ
ħһֱ˫֣ѿ࣬һ·ϣûп˵仰ҶȴϴÿȺˣ˽ģ뱦֮໥֮Ҳɱз
ҶȵȻͲЩ˲ͣҲ֪ǧͬΪ׽̽ӵԪչҲһģϿΪͬӪȴĻ̥ҶȲмЦЦǶԽףȻкô
ǧһ仰Ԫչ⣬ع׽Ӫ̩Ҳ뵥Իع飬̩뾰һۣɨĹĹȥ
ĹȻû׹ޱλԨ֮УҲλֲӰ죬ƾѹ˻ǾĹֳǿߣҲɪֻ˲űֵúȻ
ڷ״̬£˲࣬չֳ
ɾɣǷڷ磬ܵ編ƴ󲿷˻ˣԶԽ֮ϡ
̩԰ڣǿ⡮ǹ硯Ҫ˷ݳĹ԰ڲŻῪ
ǧ˲һ£⣬λԨܵԨѹƣ˵УҲҪСңԨûκһһ֣ǼҲҪ洢òС
̩λǧǿߣڶ˷ˡ
ڣ̩һԲΣ̩ȥ󲿷ֶĴĻ˿֮ǰָ̩һīǽڣа˵ӡۣŷҪǶʲôȥ
̩һɣ
ħ߳īǽ֮ϣһץһ鳽ͷ˳ವһһӡ֮С
ಡ
̩ӵڶжĿҫ֮ݳ৵ӡ֮С
ǧ߳ҫǧһץҲһ鳽ֱӴӡ֮У˷ݳѾǶǽ֮ϡ
Ҷ֣ȥ
߳ҴҶһͬҶȵһۺȻӣȻֿ̩ӡǧ䣬žݳĿ֮£ӡ֮С
ٿ
Ŀⶼһ𣬰˷ݳһ֣ͬǹǽںȻһĿʥ⣬ʥԣ˽Ӵʥ⣬ڣȡ

ǽںȻΪ׹⣬ЩϵʴӰ׹֮пʼ롢䣬ɫҺ֮УɲǼ䣬һߴɵĺΰڳֳ
ಡ
̩뾰һ˴ҶȡĹ֡ʤǧǿߣڷ׹ⶴڡ
ߣ
ǧɫһ䣬󣬴һԪչǧַУ졢Ҳ󣬴ѩʮǿߣ৵ط붴ڣħϳһЦ֮ǰһطӡ붴֮ǰǰ˷ݳ֮ϡ
Ȼһħͷ붴ڡ
Ȼλаʴǧ꣬Ĺǿʢ
˷ŷһƵռ䣬ǱɫģǻûһȻˣ˸벻ﻹһĹ
̩ʵһҪ߳һֶ֣ΣҲģǧ䵹ûж⡣
λҲ޷ٸߴʲô汦⣬ǰһ⣬ÿһⶼоֵȳˣ
̩Ӵʱ˿̣̬ˣһɵչֳȻתڨڨһЦʱããĹ֮С
ಡ
졢˳뱦⣬ͷڱ棬̴ŴִĹ֮С
ţ˿̿ʼһɱһԱ֤бƽ֣ɱ
ǧԪչͻȻתǧ׽̸֣˿ҲżĻ´һɱ¾֮˲Ŵ׽̸ȳĹ硣
ಡ
յİɫ⻪磬ûһӰȫȥ󱦿⣬ȻӰֱ֮зɳǳħҶȣһҲżȥͷ
ħϴǰĹ֮вȻĹԨɲ٣Ҳɱһˣ
û£ҷͷǰܵõͷͶᣬѾ׼һУӦò⣬Ƿͷ£
ಡ
Ҷأ˷ֱĹ֮С

֪жԶķռ䶼ǻããһƬҶһ룬ʹԽ޿ռ䣬ͻȻһг治⳯Ҷն
ҶûϵѾ֮еֱһ֮ϣڽʣ꽻ײȻžһбҶһ顣
ȻǿﵽұΪ۷ʵɰ˽ʿҪ֮У䵱ǧ䡢ڻң֪ѩ᲻ߵ⣬ֵһ
ҶȻ治ɫѾվڷ۷壬ڷ֮Уûж֣Ҫǿĥɣ̩Ĺ֮еĥʱؼżȥȡͷ
Ĺ֮У϶ǲΣ̩Ҳ֪˻ᴳĹȻɱŵĹţһɱڴˣڴĹ֮УԶӢ顣
ͻͻͻ
Ҷȴգ֮䣬ͱͬһ㣬˷쿪ҶȾ͸˲˽ӣȥûš
þҪ̤ɽ磬δĹ֮У͵ΪɽĥһҶɴݣ˻ᣬͨ


464 ݺ
Ҷ̤ͨʮףбȼʮʵһͻɾҶȾӵһʵȻʸɽ磬ҶҲñõʮ׶ɽ̤֮ɾſԷɽ硣
ΪҶӵʮ٣ںϻ磬κǧռ䶼Խ룬һҶ̤ɾһͳ̩λ棬Ϊλ֮ʱ֮޶֣ʮٷɽ磬ɾԹһһԷ֮ɽĲ
ȻһлЩңԶĿǰҶȱҪͷ̩бȡնɱǿУʸΪ
ʲô󷨣
ֳȴûչɱҶȻ֮ߣʮ֮һֻֻˣγһƬ񺣣߼ʡ
Ҷɻ󲻽⣬ʶ󷨣δʶǰ񺣳ֳ棬ֱ治ö
͡
֮УҶûаЩĴڸով֮ʣһƬҶȻһ֦䣬ڿҡҷ䣬ߡ
ȻҶҶȲ⣬ɾⲻ䣬ƬҶֱۻʱ͵һҶȻͬޱȣȻҶֱۻһӣ·ҶǻƽɫѪҺ
ôɣ
ͻ仯ʵҶжӲͨ޷˺Ѿﵽˮ׼ڣȻһƬҶ׵ػһӣǲ˼顣
˷񺣣֮УҶȴ
ৡ
ʲôʲôƬ񺣾Ȼ΢΢ûλãһʱ䣬֦ҶĦ৵شգҶһ̧ͷסˣ˵ΪգǴӴµҶ飬ûһ϶
ҶڿҡҷȻʼڣͬİҶϯ
ʵڿֲǧ䡢̩ӿֲҲҴ⣬ɣҪչͨ
ʥǹ
䡭񺣷ڶҶȲʵԺ̼䱻⿪ӡĽǣ̫һϯȫ
ٿ
һץΥʥǹҶУͨʮԲΪҶȫɱ䣬һƬƬҶƬˣΪ裬һǹ̳
뷣
ȫʢʱڣҶΪ״̬£̳һǹȻˣǾ¶Խסһǹ
һǹƬ˲̳һãƬʥǹͷŵƷٴαƬʼƹʥǹͬУѹʥǹΧһƶĤƷи֮
ž
Ƭʥǹһʱ֮䣬߱ĿǣƬȻȻڹʥǹ֮´ϸۣǷƬиƬ׷ɢ
ơ
ҶҲһʥǹ𶯣ʥǹ̫һɣ̫ͼɽ֣̫һҲɽѹҶ͵غɨ
䣡
һǹɨΧƬ飬ұըбĿҫʱٴλûǸƬķ֮е䡣
Ķ֣
ĴʥǹռƣҶջعʥǹһͳϿֺܼץȥ
¡
һֱɫ֣ͻأشڳƬ󣬾һץֱӾץһȻһץһֲƬ̫һɵĶ֮£ͬһץơ
濴ȥҶڹҫ˸֮С
񺣲ϻûһƬһƬҪҶȣҶ̫һλԨƣڿƣʩչĶ֣ͶƬһͳɨ֮ͬնƲɵ
յ̫ͼֻ컯ȭʥǹɽ磬ҪѰɼУ
ս죬ҶȾϹǿʵͨ÷Ӵ죬ȼ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
䡭
һֱͻȻ˺񺣣ץһҶӿ֮зɳǱͻʧ
ɳ
û߶ãҶһ֮УʵҶѾһ׳֮С
žžž
һ籩ϯӭϯҶȷַ籩ƺʲôϸСײһֻһϸɳȻѳ۶һСһƤȻ̳һ㡣
ɳѣȻ˵ҶǿɳǺεʣ˿¡
ܰɣɳ磡
Ҷסˣգ֮䣬Ͳһ籩綼Ƿ籩籩֮мд֮ɳڰơ
ء
籩ǺĿֲ˲ڷ籩֮о߳һɳħͬ籩ǵķŭɳǵɳֿɳħͷֿΪɳɳ£ͻγɿֲɳħ
ɳħһħһ㣬ŷצӣײеצҶʮɳħγɡ
뷡
һɳħԷһ籩Ҷǰɳ̻ΪɳħͻȻֱһצӳҶץ
籩֮УҶȸ޷籩籩Ѿһ磬ҶҲǷɳһӣٶȷӦɳħ֮£ҼͱɳħץƣĿĵѪۡ

ɳħץˣҶȲŭЦҵĽѾɽɳħһץĻֻץƤȴ޷˺ڻڶݳ񣬼˾̩ʵͨʮ״Բ
ССɳħʲôȻǽŷƲűɳħҲ÷ƣͳͳʧ߽⣡
̫󣡡
˵֮䣬˫־ʹһ׷ӡԹԺ󣬾ͳֳں̫һʼתҶΪģɳʷת
̫һԣ˲Ͱѷɳ֮еɣںϣ̫ԽԽڷɳŷһлУһɳħܣͱֲ̫Ƹ룬ɳħգ۾Ӱ١
䡭
Ŵ̫ɳ֣Ҷȼ򣬱˲ʹӷɳ֮ɳ
ѩ
ŴӷɳɳħѳûüˣҶȾͷԼһ󷨣гѩϢԽԽ䡣
һǴǾľղǷɳǾѩӦþˮѵһд֮Уǽǻл𡢽״󡭡
ѩҶ˼ͻȻ壬ƺá
꣡
˲ΪƮѩ磬ѩûأͳΪһռϢñ̹ǣҶȻ˼ط֣ԼȻʴȥҶȺܾܿͻΪ֮ˣԶ֮С
ˣȥḯʴҶҶҲڴˣõسΪһ治ࡣ
ȻúҾʩչ𣡡
ۡ
һ̫ûĻ棬ʱӿҶȷȻҲӵлϵ
Ȼ磬ѩȻֹͣк濪ʼɱ໥ɡ
ĥȻкܴԺԸͨн취ߣ
ں󼸺ֹͣת֮ʣҶץ׼ᣬʹӴ֮ǿ˺ѷӺɹ
ȵϢȻϵ󣡡
뿪֮Ҷһʱ䣬ϢԽԽȣƤо˿˿ʹһڲϾۼ
Х
ͻȻΪȼյ磬һףջͬһצۼףлŻ档
ããҾ͵һؽߣƤһҶȾͷգΧͬħٶҶȡ
ҶٶȺ֮죬Ҳһ˶ɽ±סλԨжҲҪܵԼҶ˵̫һںκҲ޷ͷϡ

ͬ磬һڻͷͻͻͻ½ţβͻȻ𣬳ҶȺɨ
䣡
ٶʵ̫죬ڻϵ֮УβصҶϣҶѪӿͱɣҺҶʵ񣬷򣬲ᱻ磬ᱻɽӣͳտˡ
˺ɣ
һ̫һͻͻشҶ˫ֱӹ֮УԽԽҶƿ֮ߣͻȻһ̫һʼ֮Уɢ
žȻͬһ˲ˣƬ׹֮ʱΪ̫ɫҶſ죬ȫһ֮С
ŻϵήҲҶ˺һӣ˳ȥ
񡭡
ոշɳҶȾͱһɫӲ壬ײ˳
ǣ
Ҷȸо˲䷢飬ûκθо̧ͷһ۾ʱֱˣֻɫǽ¡һ˷ͻأ£ϣγһȫսʯ
ľˮ𡭡Ĵһһƽ⣬ǽϵʲôʣͻأӲ飬һ̩ɽռĽϵʣɣ
ûгڵĽʯҶֻǿƼ
ʯŷǿҶһ̤ɽѹأһƽʯ߳ȥʹҶʸɽ硣


465 ˲Ƹ
ˣʯʺ֣ȻϢ
ĵҶʵĲ٣ʯҶҪȫԸʩչǿʥǹʯ濹⣬ȫ̫࣬Ƕýûаմƽʯ
ˣֻȼʯṩ
ֳԼΣȻ޷κɷ취һץӴ޽ץϰٿʯͳͳ̫¯
ܾöûбƵ˵زҪ̫¯ȼʯȡ
һЦ飬ֻ̤ͨ쾳ҶȾͺٶ̫¯ṩʯжϣܶýʮҲڷϣȥֻȼʯ

֮У̫޺ȼԭ̫һֱȼգṩϰٿʯһעôʯ̫¯ͻȻըȼ
Ǻǣ̫¯ħǣʯʯҲֻҪ
̫¯ȼգҶѾմʯһſʯԭֻҪһʯҲҪ칦򣬾ǾҲһҶȴֻҪٶȣɾ˲ˡ
ҪǱ˿Ҷȵ˲֡
Ҫɸ߼ɽ󲿷ַ˶ܣַͬҲ޷ɸ߼һӽӣ۷ǿߣȴɽ羰Ĺ֡졣
ЩˣҶȰٷ֮һͬʱҲЩٶȣҲҶȰٷ֮һ
ҶԶ෽棬ǧͼʮ١̫¯̫𵤣ÿһǶǾֶΣһͬʱߵںϣͬʱٶȻǿֲ
Ҷ޵̫һںϻĿֲֻҪڻ磬κա
ˣ
һʱ䣬ٿʯһͨתΪ̫һһʼԶᣬչһҶǿĹʥǹˡ
߳
һӶʥǹڿзһƺۣͷ޼᲻ݵҶȻӽʯɣɽ
䡭
ȫߺһﵽһ㣬ֱۣ͵սʥǹ̽ʯȥ
һͻȻҶֻоĤʲôǰιѺۣ˾ʹ֮зɳ
ɹˣ
ʧתһʯȫʯǺöкܴô
һ֣ͰѴʯ޽䡣
ŨѪȡ
գнʯȫȡһҲʣʱ򣬶ﲻֲҽ֮УҲѪȡ
ǰķ߹Уһһɱס
ҶȺϢٷǰȻһЩ֮Уʱʱһʬ壬ʱʬԽԽ࣬ʮߡϰپߣռ洦ɼ
ΰ⣡
߳磬ӿֲд󴳹ضǰȻɽÿһɽһ⣬ͷŸ֪жɽɱ˶õͷ
Ҷ𾪵ǣɽһ𣬶ɽϷһС͵ɽ壬оûʲôֻͨȴ룬ͷпܾ롣
ض׽̸ʬ塭ʿҲС
һҶȾҷ֮У뱦⣬ȷִʬ壬پ֮࣬໥ᱦЩﶼקűȫǺɽԵı
һڲҶȵ⣬ʲô嫹ȫüӲʯͷʯţÿʯ֮ϣ˱У䣬Ҫôǳôһкеʯ
ǧ䡢̩ӡѩ桢ԪչʤĹֵǿߣϢ֮УЩ˸ƲͨǶȥľЩ͹ˣ
ҶͷŸӦӦΧûκϤϢȻȥȥˣҶȵôһͷһﲻƽ֣֮Уֻһɱˣõͷ߳
ⳡᱦսô֮ɱ¾Ƕ㣬жҶ˵㹻ʱȰб£ȥȥǸʲô
СӣЩϷ򣬹
ȻûҶȶ֣һҰˣȼɱ¾棬ӱ룬ƺոմ֮һͿʼɣȴҶȴڣ̻һָȳҶ뿪
˸ҶȷȻʶҶȣڽ뱦⣬Ҷȶɽ˵ûκμֵҲɱҶȣֱˣһΪﵽ߽ףʵ¿ɾŽʿ
ꡭ
ҶͻȻʩչ˲ưٶȣԭһоͶͷ­£ҶȽŻֻһץʬеĽֱӲ˴ȻҲŹ
ಡ
һǿ籩һʯţıͳͳҶ޽䣬ŵڶʯţ׷ױҶһʣȫߡ
СӣЩﶼ׽̵ģ
Ҷ㻨˰ʱ䣬ŰѱΧ⣬ȻǲģۺҲǺܾ˵ģЩᱦʬĴ䣬ҶҲһ룬ҶȾһ̰һһҲŹ
Ҷһ룬ҶȾͿʮ׽̸֣һΪ߽ס˽׵ǿߣոɱ֣ΧŲͬ飬ʿʬ壬սŸոƽϢ
֪ҶӮʤʮ֣ҲҶȣҶȷ
ҶһʮǿߣͬĮ´Ƕ̩λѵõǿߣȻͶ׽̣ҲɱǣǵĴڣ̩λкܴҰɣ
ҶȰɣԺһ°ˣǲ֪ɱ˶ٹԺ£ǿȻҪѰڳԣҵȻ㹷
һɰ˽۷ǿߣ׽̵λҲͣһҶչɱ֣ͬ׵磬һץס׵糯ҶȺɨ
͡
ǿ߸ոҶǰͣһ֮⣬˾ȻҶȻֱ𵹣Ѫ˼鶢Ҷȿޱȣ㡢㡢Ϊǿ󣡣
ܰԼˣ׽ǿ˲֪Ҷȵǿ󣬲ܿģʮ׽̸֣Ҳˡ
ǰֻгˣˣ·һ
ವһҶ֪ǿǰһֱץסǿߣ˲ӡȻ
ǡӡ
ʣʮֿͬͬҶƷӡһĸһ֮ģ׷׳˷ߣҲ
Ƕ°ɣ
ҶͻȻһһɿռ̰˷ߵǿߣͬһǿдӰһС
ҶȾʹӰֱӰ֮ʮ޷ǿߣͳͳ򣬽һ̫ҵ۹Ҳһɲ
Ȼϰ̩ռôƷƷӦûкܶ࡭
ǿһſԴȪƮڲкܶŻԺΪһʥأɶǺöҶֻ³һͰһٶ޽䡣
ȻҪʮҩ
ƽ̨֮ϣͳһĿʯʯ֪ж٣㣬ԼǧʯϣҪࡣ
Ҫֻ֪֮һô󱦿бһǶô𺳡
ʮƽ̨֮бһȫҶ޽䣬ȥǴ޽ҲװȥҶȻ򣬾ʮ֮ĲƱҲ롣
˱ƽ̨طвٱҶȫ׷׶ߣȻڶ⡣
֪Ƿܶɹ󣬵ﱦ⣬ѩЩ˱Ҫնɱһ
뱦⣬Ҷּʬ壬Χɱ¾ڼϵǱҶȿʼѱȫߣʬ֮ϵĴ䡢ʬ嵤𵤣ͳͳߣžʯϵı
Ҷȶоеľʵھˣ˵⣬һⱦﶼٽһԺ
бۼҶȾͿԳ׽̫ҵ۹
ɱˣɣ
ڱԵһ׽̸֣һʿɱȻһӰ룬תӣһоͰߡ
ȻһһƷ
ˣҶȷڱ֮Уһ͸ǿʢԵһɽɢŴҶû࿴һۣ־Ͱ޽䣬תһʯ֮ϵĿıϢһͰЩߡ
⣬ȸղҪһҲúãЩЩ֣Ҷˣ
Ϣ֮䣬Ϊᱦɱĸ֣һƬʿֱӱնɱҶȫᣬʿ׷׶


466 뱦
󱦿ҶȻ˼칦򣬲չһգһʯҶûʣ£⣬ǿ߶ᱦɱ棬Ҷ겻ѡ
ǿߴŷΪӪɽǿߣһ׽̸֣ȻмǵǿߣǵطͬӪÿɱۣһնԽԽࡣ
ħ
Ž⣬һ䣬ʬ壬Ǹ̩ӵķħһ׽ǿߣħѶԷ飬׽ǿһֱӴ͸ħ˾Ҳ֣Ѫ
ҷħﻹŶԷһֻ䣬Ѫ죬һǿߣȻΪ˱ͬ˺ҧе
ֲ³ԭһ֮Уȫɽ籦
Ŀһʯڱ˷ÿһʯϣɽʯʯʯʯ滨Һ̡װҲӦоУͺ̩֪̩һԲŰɽŪ½磬ɣٴη̩ҡ
̩ȻǳԶ뵽ôԶ˻δ̩룬ɽһ½硣
ֲ׽Ҫ̩½磬׽ɱ̩̩ңͷ̩ûκαŻ뵽̩תƣ
²ֹһҲ֪̩õģŷɽ缸ǧѣЩһƷƷƷ٣ɽ磬Ҳһʾ޴Ƹ
رЩɱӸ߼
ҶȿʼӱԵɱ˶ߣʣ֮һ֮һҲԺƸĶٱ
ʬſڱϣĿЩǿ߶һ㣬ͻ˵һ㣬ֻϧ̫̰ϣ˶ɥ
һǿߣȫ£Ϊã
Եɱ֮󣬲֪룬̼һٶǿߣһƷмƷ
һƷڷ磬ƷӲ˵ƷָԺһͼҲһƷ۷
һƷϣҪͬСңɼͼһƷԺǿߣУûȫҲþ׹ơ
ǰЩʿöƷƷʵȻǸûƿرȴӲκãõһƷϣȫܰһһƷȫںϣڷ磬϶޵еĴڡ
˶̰ģһһӣǿ϶ȥӡ
ǧͼ
ҶȲûѡҪ֪һٶ߽ס˽ǿߣںһ𣬾ҶҲöԸֻôǧͼЩ֪󲿷ϵɱǶȡǣȻҲƿб
ɱ
˻ڵƽ̨Ϸȡһ߼Լرɽʣһɱȫ׹ħ

Щ˷Ƶĳȥȡ֮ʣռͻȻֳһУһǿ߶ʱ֮УһӰÿһȥʱ͸ӡ
ǿ߷ֲԣпռɳȥȴʩչκͨ޷пռ䣬ŷռȫγһ磬һ֮Уκ編֮ϡ
䶼ɣ
ǧͼҶǿΪߺ϶ΪһҲԿƣһٶǿߣ׷׳ΪľͷˣҶһ֣һͰдȻÿʲôҶҲŹ
ಣ
һٶǿ˲пռС
ЩɽʣأҲ֪ʲôһƤԣдԶҪ񡭡
ƷˣȻҶһɨƽ̨˸ɽ籦ɢһأв٣ĿҶҲˣȻ¶Цݣͻɾ⣬ôɽʣͻɾһͻɾﵽɾһ̫ҵ۹ˣΪǣ
ҲЩɽ籦أ޷ǱҶȿЩɽʣȫתΪ߼ëϴ裬Ϊ
£ҶȿҲбأֻһʲƸĻôҶ˵ֱӿȡĸ߼

һץƽ̨֮бǿʢƣ޽һӿ룬һɽĿûзŹ
ڿȥ뱦⣬̩ӡǧ䡢졢ѩ桭رǾʤΪˣһҪ׽㣡
󱦿ѹһգһûʣˣ̧ͷһһǿӡŻͦڱ룬һץӡͽ뱦⡣
ǿʢԣ뱦֮Уɽ籦
һþŻ߳ʱһ޴Ľɫڲռǰŷڻʼһʹ֮С
ǲ񡭡Ӧþ̩¶̩ͬ򡭡
Žռ䣬һʮɸīʯ̾ӳǰһˡ˫֣˫ƽעԶδĳʱգʲôض
Ȼһ̣ǻȴ͸֮һͷ̩λ汾ԴϢͬλ棬λС
Ҷȼһۣϳ˾̩λ濪ٵһˣ̩
ߣ䣬ϣʣΰĴ棬Ҷȷŷ̩ͨͫܵߵľ
С椣ܣѸղǼԿΪ檣
ͻȻӰҷɹ
һɷӰ׷ɱһŮӣǵڶͷĻ˵㣬С椣ӣ
ѩ
Ҷһǰպð˴Ӱսסһ̣ҶȼһѾľϤİˣѩ
Ҷȡô㣡
ѩһҲҶȣʱһ㵣·û뵽ҶȻͻƴ⣬̫⡣
ѩ飬ҶһЦ֮Աǣѩѡ칶ϣн³ҲӦõģ첢ûаúأͷڵĿУҪѩ̫ࡣ
Ҷȿɱǿߣ¶һЦ
ԭ׷ɱѩǿߣǱˣĹ֮һ߼λǿߡ
ҶȣҲ¶Ϊı飬ûҶȷҶ֣û뵽ã⵽ǱãҪŮӣʮţûһô
ҶһƲѩĵͷͻߵһ·ҲǾټգҶת˼ǲͬ˹ϵҸһѡ񣬴ӴЧңһ
Ҷ֣ãȻԼǱͲӣ·㲻ߣԺ̩λ涼ɽͳΣʲôʸԱ
ˣͷˣһץҶȣӰݺ
飡
ɱѩɫ԰ף־岻ѣû뵽ǣҶȾȻͦһһ
ţ
Ϊһƿ԰Ҷ飬ȴ֣ҶȾȻһƸסңһ쳣ûУŷһɽΡ벻
㡢㡢ôʵ֮ϣݺᣬ˫ͫ˼顣
Ҷȡʵôﵽ˵ز£
ѩҪ֣ԭΪҶȲһСС£Ǹ±ǨǰҲһпɱΪͳԽҶȣҶ˦
ڼҶ£γѣʵߵҶʵԶԶԽ
ǿߣȻǲҳҲֻɱˣ
ٿ
֮䣬ʥǹͳУͷϢҶΪһ壬˸ǳ֮⡣
Ͳţɱһ࣡
ͻȻſ죬ҶȾһ磬һħӰΪ˿ֲӰسҶ

ûаӰ˹ҶȾֱӴ̳ʥǹһӰɢκаǹơ
߻Ԫ
ͻȻùͬһӰҶٶ֮죬˲ƣգһӰҶǰһͳҶҧ
䡭
գһӿҶȰΧˮйͨʼֱҶڿռκʣҶҲŹ
ʮס
ҶȸоڼʧɣȻֲʵȻҶȴͬȼ򡭡ƣ
ۿʩչͨҪҶڿռ仯ΪһڶҶͻȻһץһƣʥϵʼ죬ͻͻͻ죬ڶǿƳȥ
ü̵򡭡
Ҳ÷ڶ岻ɫֳɫƬͷȻüͷԲëȻһɷɷطڣ˫ֳצ̬𽥻Ϊ˱
һơǧɵĺںͻأֳ̾գ۰ڶţײеضҶȡ


467 
꣡
꣡
޴û̾գĻֻ꣬΢΢һڣռǿĦƷˣڣƺѴĹɫռǣƣһԴһС
⡭ѩǾ޴ƬһζɢŮƺߣѩ˼Ƥ
¡
ʼβͻȻһȻβͻȻɨͬһ֧ݺݵײ֮ϣ򾹸ɰס

ҿռ䣬ͻȻʧҶֳֹʥǹͻأ󷽣ߴ֮͵ش̳

ȴҶȴϣȻͬһ㣬Ӳޱȣʥǹôֲʮ׶Ҫ飬ҲһǹƣһҲͱҶһ̳ǹȻû˵
СӣǿΪܱȵߣ֪˰ɣɣ
һˮƯҶȾȻûа취ȻһŴѪ죬ҶȾһȥȻҶ˹ȥ
֮Уһһߣѷ֣ÿһжɱգ۽У˫öԷƺûж취
СǸ̥̩λ֮У˵ͼҪ˾֣ʲô졢Ժ䣬Ӽֱ޷ȼ硭ңƺûκϢɾʿûκԣȴˣ
Ǹɶ̥ߣʲôȫһնɱ
۾аҶȣһĴȴûжҶ˺
֪״̬޷սʤңǾͻûҪһصɱУ
Ҷס̾᲻Է޷սʤͬҲռһƣǰƾС
֣ƺǿһУҪԷһնɱʵǿߣ֪Ҫòֳܷʤ
Ԫ
ڲȻһаڱſ죬Ȼ֮УһаѪɽ
ҪȡͷЩͳͳɱҲֻʩչ칭
ɣ
ʮҶȾȫԸҲһնɱǿߣֻһʤ취Ǿʩչ칭һþƷħ칭ͳҶ֣ͬʱʥǹҲ׼á
ʲôñ
칭ոճֳаħϱİȻ֮̾еɫޱ䡣
ò֪һʩչ칭ֻ·һͷŰɣ
Ҫ߶칭ɱҶҲΪ𿪣̫һ칭
Ҷͷһ̣ӿһѪ㡢Ȼֻͨʮס
ͨʮףôͨʮ׾ʮ׶ò£ֱȵ컹Ҫǧ򱶣
ѩȻҶʶĵΣ;ҶȲ˼飬ͣȴӵһԺ̶̼ʮֳΪһ£վ̩λ۷壬ҶȾȻɾδﵽ
˼飡
ಡ
˿̣ҶѾң߶칭ʱΧռ˲䱻ƿһ˺̩λ칭ͷų
⡢⵽ǺεҲܵ
ݺ߼λ桢þɳһ칭ƣ֪Ƕ֣ʱ͵һռ䶼ѣŽɫȣ֣ȾңȾң
ǿȻҲûܣǿ߶ΪΣ
룬һŽɫΧҷЫʥаʤ졢桢ǧ䡢Ԫչʮǿߣ໥ɱΪӪɱͷѪڽɫ룬̩ӾȻֳһɫͷ룬û˿Խɫ֮С
ʮֶвͬƣʤҷЫʥаû뼸˲ɱȣ˺ȻͣסֽţŤͷͳͳȥ
ֻɫֻųǷͻȻں󷽣һ޵еʥ⣬ֱ˿ռ䣬ٶȳԽʮԷ֮ƣʥ֮Ȼ캬ɽǶûһ˿á
ͬɽ˲䱻ʥ֮飬Ѫɢգڳÿһˣľսһʮ׸֣Ȼһնɱ
Ӳ˼һĻˣһŵؿҶȴ֮߳һְѾͷȻѪ⡢𵤡һʣȫ֮С
ô޴ʮͳΪһǼܡ
ҶȡҶȡԭ㣬Ժǧ仹ҵǰ˳񣡡
ɫ֮У̩ҲһŤͫ𾪲ѣһʥǹϢΪ֪Ƴˣû뵽Ҷȡ
ҶȾȻʵˣ̩οЦţһֱҶȣҶȵӣ֪һֱǴشҶȰƭתǸɵӡ
Ҷȡ㣡
̩ӻҪ𾪣ĴҪɱҶȣȴÿζûгɹӵΪɱҶȣѴ֮һҲɱҶȡ
ڳ˲𾪣ûҶȵҶȲڱĴ
һˣϧ޷ͻɾҪǱһ̤ɾվ
һƾͰǼ飬Ŀ⣬ҶȾɹգƣǸɱϵıҶȣˡ
ͨʮף
ͨʮôӵбȼ˵ʵ
ʮһǿߣƺɱԼͷ׷װĿҶϣΪҶɱҲɱǡ
ţţ˵棬ɳ̾һ
ǧͻȻתǿߣҲõĴˣ֣Χ̩ӣȡͷ
䡭
ڴʱ̩ڵĽɫϷһ޴Ӱˣ˫ֱ˺˽ɫ磬Ȼ˾ȻΪһƬѪħ֮ˮӿɫռ֮ڡ
ǣ
̩û뵽˾Ȼ˺ƽ磬̩ԲµĴ֮У˿ƣˣУǧ䡢桢ԪչĴǿˣֹҲûд򿪽硣
ڣһ޵صȴ̩õĽ磬˺ѣһΪһѪˮ˲ڲڣ̩ڳ޴ӡ
ͷ
ûȥעҶȣͻȻ֣ɱ磬ǧ䡢ȵȶ޷׷ͷ硣
䣡
ȴһһȫԸ޷磬һڷ粼õȻӵɵȼǧ䡢桢Ԫչˣ½編ƣ޷ȫ֡
ȫ֣Ҳܻ̩磬ΪЩΪûдﵽ̩־硣
˭˭ˣ˭ֻҪĹ֮Уûг·ҪµĽɱ
̩Ӳ˺󣬿·Ѫڷڣɫ԰ףŵû겻᣺ֻҿԳȥŹңҰͷ㣬Źң
һˣȻʼģ
Ѫûжּ̩е壬Щ˽Ĺȥ޻أ̩ұˣҪ֣ɱǣҰͷ㣡
̩ӡ
һ̩Ӻ޵ҧгݡ
˭㿴֪ˣ
ѪͻȻһ˻ơսѪ֮УʼðħȻ̩õĽҲɣһĻ̩Ӳ˸ˣҲĿġ
ɵ֮ˣǿ徫һ߽ˣȴûдﵽ˽׶ΣҲ£
ļڣɣȻһ⣬˵
ǿ˭
Ѫ֮нӿһѪɫħݣγΡ
̩ˣƳˣ
ô
ʮ֣ţһԻ̩ǿߣȻвֵһ
ЩûڱƳˣΪ;д֮Уᱦɱˡ
뷨ǶõģƳ˾Ȼ⿪ʵԭ֮Ϊ޵ǿߡ

ħѪ֮УЩѪؾ걻ѹѪһģһЦּȻһ䣬¶𣺡ɲʲôƳˣǳħ𣡡
ħ𣿣
˴𾪻һ⣬ûôһ
㣡
̩ӺȻ֣ڼ𣬵ħʱ򣬳ħҶһ̩ӻΪһСüͷͻȻ𣺡Ҷһģ
̩ӣ
һӰͻأسڽɫһԣҶȣ˫֣ЦҺҾ;زܣȴû뵽ǹغɴ۴ܣңҺγ㣡
ֿˣҲ̩ƭˣѾ߶̩µĽƣĹȫرգӶ׹ޱԨȴͷصɽ磡


468 նɱ
ɶ񣡡
һݺݵص̩ӡ
̩ͻȻɥĲ񣺡ҶԷ飬ǶҪҶȡ㣬ħ𣬼ȻҵòҲõĹѾ׹ԨҶɣΪͷѳƷ

̩Ӹո˵仰ѪͻȻڣһѪش˲̩֮ϣͷǿҪѪˮȥѪ֮ˮ̼ͲסѪء
̩ӰӣͱѪؾ룬Ѫ֮УŷѪˮѪ֮˱Ƕͷ޷ѪؾȻ̩ӿֻŴУǺεа֮Ȼɱ
̩ӲҽУھģǧ̩̾ӿ߽ס߽ɣȻ޷֮
ħħۣаޱȣͬħͷѪأ̩ӣڱǰʲô㣬ǧ䣬ɰ˽ףڱǰҲʲôλ
λ
ǧһ忪ʼѳħ￴
ôܣôλ
ԪչͬΪˣλĸ˼һλվվɽ۷İ
뵥һۣüȻһɵۣ
ɵۣܣ½ôɵۣһɵۣȴһʵû򵽵ɵۣǿɲ㣡
ۿͷǰ֣ɵħ𣬵Ȼװ׷֣ͷá
ȻƺҶԳħ֡
һȺ֪С̩ӣʰȣħ˵˾ͻΪѪأ̩ӳ׾Ѫ֮УӰʼѪػҪӿؾ;
ֹƽ磬ɱɵֲ̫Ȼûдﵽ״̬κ޷ģֻɱǲлᣬսȻҪǵһ
ͻȻվ뵥γһսߡ
ǧͷԷ飬˱նɱǲлᣬһ̩ӣл·
ŵǧ丽ͣʮ־Ȼһ£Ҫƿ磬նɱħ
Щƻɵۣ̫ʼ޷ɱֻܷӡ½֮УˣȻԲѣԸħ𣡡
ҶЦʮ־Ҫ֣ͻȻһǰһǲǴųƣǵĵˣң
㣿
ǧü߲һЦҶȣΪɱڱǰ㱾޷㣬ڳô֣ѵҲβ㣿
ꡭ
ڴʱһɹɺɫӼӲĹײӿ˲ɴĹڲ磬ӿֳĺɫλԨа
ô׹Ԩ֮ڣӣ
̷棬ŵ濪ʼᱡܽҲڱаʴһӣȻͷ׼ŻҷЫʥажӾʤߣλԨûд
ǿɲˣ˲µȴУٺǿҲܶԿ
Ǹ߲ˣ
뷵һҶȻգֱ˲ƣסȥ·ʵǣǲȥǧЩˣҲȥѾ̩λ棬ӿʼҾûŹǣ
ͻȻתҶȣΣҶȣҾɱˣ֮Թݴ½һֱʼȻԺգҵڿɱ㣡
죬ҵһ죬Ҳ˺ܾãݴ½ʼǲţ֮ӣһȡ
ҶȻŲһĻĻԺ֣һ죬һμ죬һ˵Գֵȵȣеĵط㣬ĵطȻҲңǿЦȴѣǵˣⱲĵˣ㣬Ҳ;һ鲻òԽİʯ
ҵ죬ɽϵɣһ۹֮֮ӣ㣬ȴһ鷲ˣһͨ쾳ɱ㣬һĵģ
췭֮䣬һȭ忪ʼ
ŶӾʤֿʼܣǧȴûж뵥վһƺȵɱҶȣ֣Ըħ
˲ǾַˣˣȻǷˣǰҲһˣںλԨΪͷðգֵá
̩λ沢ɽλͼλԨ˵вȴġ
˫չһȭ˫֮ƣҶȣҵĵȭһɽϹż֮УõɵۼҪСˣ
ҶȺȻЦãã죬Һ㣬ȻˣҲһɣȭҲȭ컯ȭ
ӱǵףȭ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬ˣһȭͷŶĿҫ˺ѿռ䣬һΰȭŰƣŵ֣忪ʼ

ٶ̫죬Ҷȸ޷ʩչ컯ȭֻһӭȥ˾ʼս֣գ۾ٴν֡
ǧ俴棺֣ȵɱҶȣҵȼ֣Ըħ壡
ãϷҲ˼һ
Ӱֳ˿ҶȻᣬһȭͬУЦҶȣû뵽ʵǿһֻᣬҪݺѹȥնɱ
ʵҲܿ죬ŽɾûжãȻһ޵ʮ״ԲϧˣҲҪɥ֣
컯ȭ
ڵǿ󹥻£ҶȲûʩչǧͼҲûӴκʵҪնɱ죬һء
ȻҶڵǰһӰҶ֮б֮ͬҶһȭȻشѾλʴĴĹռ䣬ȻùʶĿ
Ǻε
ԭһɣʶŹȭҶд͸оһַǷױڹ֮С
һ鷲ˣΪλͷ˲˼һ鷲ˣΪλ˵ľ磡
ɫһ

翪ʼʧһǱӰдܳһѪĵ죬Ȼһײɼף컯ȭ֮£ŪǱ
һƷɼף
˴Ŀڵϣ㸡̰ɫĿתɼףͼȻӵɼףǰȷһˣɣһ
Ԫչƺ˼򣺡֣ɲҪŶߵƷɼףɼױǵ챾Դǰһںϣ֣Ҳܴϰɼװ룡
Ʒɼʲôսײϱ
ȻԪչ֮ͫУ¶ͬ⡣
֮Уһɵ£ȭʧ컯ȭһ컯ȭȻҼԴŵԱ
ֲΪߵ֮죬ӵȲΪҡֱϣ˿ɱȣϧ㲢ûдﵽɾΪˣԲŲܷɼ
ʧĹ֮УҶһ߳ͬԶŶɼףҲҪɱ㣬·ӣ褺ң㲻ң
ҳϣȷǿ󣬳ҵ󣬵Ҫɱң˵Σȭ޵У
ͻȻ䣬ӵеϢɼףŷһ˯ĵһĳ֣ûȭ֮УɲǼ䣬һšͬٵȭͷų
컯ȭ졭
ŵɼȭһȭ϶ǷһСģҲҪˣҶҲʼͷ컯ȭڶУ졣
ž粻ʵҶʩչ컯ȭǰʮղŵڵһе֮£ˣڶ죬ȭӸӶ䣬Ȼˡ
ȭ޵Уɽӣ
ɽ쿪ʼһ̤ռ飬ɹչ׵ֱۣһȭ룬һתȭ̫ͬž޳ҶȥʵңôĹռ䶼ڲ
컯
Ҷͬʱ绻ȭڶʽ죬ȭʼӿͬâʼ죬ʼչ˷

ȭֲڹȭ֮УûκƣȭŷһУֱȭڻȥ
ܡ
û뵽ԼһǿȭȻᱻԷȫɣһסһ㷴ûУϢʧˡ
ۣ
ȭ֮УѪһɽȼգŷҲҪͻƹȭԿڱӡ
ˣ
ͻȻһֱһƳ

Ϊ֣һƴƹŷ֣һƴȥͬ뺣֮Уûκζ
Ȳȭ֮УҵҲ޷ƣ
֮ڣҶͻȻ֣ʥǹֱӳ޷ĵͷ­ȥ
󾪣˫ͫѪҪ
ƣ
ڵȫҪȵ֮ʱҲһ֣ͬ˴һֱڹ֮ϣһˡ
ҪɱˣǾȲˣ
͡
Ĵ˶УһѪ֮ɫϺĹ磬һӰһǹ̴죬߸߾


469 
ҶҶȣ
ڣ챻Ҷһǹ࣬һǹգѪϵش˿ӿȫʥǹ롣
ͫײϷŴѳһѪۣ˫ȭ֨߬ڷʧڰʶ޷һĻΪλҶУҶȭ֮¡
꣡
Ʒɼף챾ԴҶȴһץشӵݺԹҶȣĿԽ
ԴΪһ壬˻룬ʹǧлҪܣں޷ĵǰһҶȲȡɼףȡߣţһõͬڱ
ǧǰһ̣˲仯ȥǧΪһͬˮ֮ͬ𵤡һжҶ˲ȡ
죬֮Ըڽ֮;һÿԽѹأӴˣУҲͻɾЦ磬ɽ磬ǧɽݺ̨㣬ʱ˿̾ͳ˯ɣ
žણ
ֱһʥǹ֮ϵĵ죬ֻʣһƤǣѾλаʴĺɫҺ֮С
񣡡
նɱ죬ȡҶʵδոպĵֲѹȻ飬еҶȣȻҲ޷һƣҶȸӲ¡
ͬڵವһǧס
ɶ񡭡㾹ȻɱϷ꾧Ө¯
գ۳ڵ׹Ŀռ䣬ѾλʴĦȭƣҶȺ޲һȥ
֣һҲˣһ¯ɣһˣȷʵ߸ϵˣʱƿջعɽ磬ǱܵǸְѴնɱٶԸħ̩ӣҲͷóѣ
ƮӰ˸ڵߣˣɱڣһڷɵ֮ͷų
˾ˣȻ˵ң
˵졢ǿߣҶʵνﵽͨʮ۷壬ȴһ˵òᣬҶȺܴ㵣뷲˹Ȼ̫
ɱңҾͷҪɱǧ䡢桢Ԫչ½ԭǸ󣬽Ҳ̣ʱ뿪磬عɽ磬ڿ⻹ʶ𣿡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ·عЦ
ꡭꡭ
ĴȻҶһҪΧɱҶ֮ʣ̩ĹȻһɱλԨֲǧֱӸʴĹʣֻĹΧκν硢ӡһ̱ɡ
ֲһĻˣн硢ʧĹ࣬һ̩ͿյĹǰŽʧ˺Ȼܿǿգûǿգûһ˿ڰ硣ĹҲʼٵػΪɫҺ壬λԨɡ
Ĵֲ̫Ƕֻ֣ȼմʯʵٴߣȻԸˡ
һб仯Լ䣬Ҷһжƻ֮Уǿʼ߶̫¯ͷǧʯȼ
ǿĹ˼ӲʯȻڻΪаɫҺ壬ȥĹҪʴãʲôȻɱɵ򣿡
澪㵷֣ĻȻڱڰаƣƣʵڹ졣
ҲоԣΪ޷ΪθӦ
Ҳǣܣˣκοռ䶼ͨ޵еǿߣĶռ䣬ȴǶģй޵棬ﵽǺδ
Ԫչһ̿ʼɣȻ޷ɣܣаȻоԽԽԽԽأ編귢˸ı䡣
ãá
޴֮ʱȻӰǱشӴĹһѵطУٶñȷܲһЩ˶ѡ
ǧ俴ˣȻЦ㲻뿪ô
Ǹݺᷲĳ֣뾰ʤҷЫʥаͷ桢ӻĴˣֻ˵⡢⡢ǵزȥˣ

ಡ
ĴһҲŵľսæʩչۣһ⳯޾Ԩȥͻͻͻĵɨڰ硣
ֻããڰûоͷںڰ֮Уһֻֻ޴Ѱ
ǧ侪ֲܿȻǵΪʲôͻȻڵܣһ򰡣ֽ̩ţҲ֮ͳٵ
Ԫչϣֳŵı飬ѵ̩λһͨͨ
ǲҪӲ²⣬ȷǵ˵ԶҲӲȥڵҵǽ죬һǵ壬ᾧᱻգ޵Ͼ磡
˲֮ʣһӰͻأسҶߣȻǷʱ˿̣ǰ϶Ϊһ
ԪչɱݺᣬӶȥҶȣһССͨ쾳ϣӵͨͨˣܣ
ҶȸˣȻ£ҿ
¡
ڴʱ̩ĻͻȻײʲôϣķһȻͼ˲һڴĹΧһֻֻʱʱڰգԶһſûĹһľɽ
ţҵٶȡ
Ҫɳȥȴո˾棬Ƿ棬ٶþˣ޴롣
ȾȺȾȺ
һҽԭǾʤڵϣվУѹģȴ޷䣬³Ȼ֪ջݽ߶
ΪҲﲻ㣡
һµľȻӣȻʤôǱȴ֪ڵʲô³ǲģҲᱻɡ
¡
ͻȻʮɸߣҪɵøߵĴǰͻȻһӰҶȣһָһ㣬ˣͷһ޷Ӧͱš
ʹ׹棬žȻһѪ
ǧ䡢桢ԪչŴҶˣȴ޷ȥҲһܵƣǧ伸˻ߣΪβܵƣ
ӣ
桢ԪչףڵҶȵλȫ˹ڷ磬ڵҶȲףͳһȥ
͡
Ԫչոշɳʮɣٶ۶ԿͻȻһѪӰֱһưԪչĵ档
˵ǶһȺϣһɣ֮ӦþܴﵽһסʵСӣɣ
ѪӰȻǳħ
ֱһץסԪչԴԪչӿħ壬໯ȥ룬ԪչúúõģȻħſ죬ͰԪչ
һˣħˣ
һˣô򵥣գ۾ͱħնɱ
棬Ҳܲˣ
һ漸ȼսһǿڱУȫ޷ӦԦٶ̫
һΰӰһ۵Ҷȣ֪ӵǰ߳һһɣһһƬա
޼ֻ֣
һˣҲ³ħɵۣǣȴҶַЭ˫һƴ澹ȻҶͻȻ£Χɱȥ
ಡ
ڵڡŵɱ£ҶȾȻϢʧˣõ˸ա
͡
һʥǹͻأشգͬʱҲ˵滤ȻֱӴӺܲ룬һһ
棬ҪͻɾҪɽҲҪ֮ȡӡ
ҶֳƵᣬָһץͰѵӡסһˣ˵ҶͻɾһҲ⡣
⻹Ҷȵһնɱˣ˾ǷǷվŸҶɱҶҲҪȫԸҲɱһˡ
ˣǵվţҲκβ
ʣˣǧ䡢ϴһһͲö֣ûҪˣǾͿɷɽ磡
ಡ
ħ˿Ҳǧ䡢˷ͻأһͰѱҶ˵ĴѪӰ֮С
ƽٷӡ⣡
ǧͻȻûзӦ˫һģһӡʼʱĵＤһɰ硢һٸ̩λơ
ħӡ˴Ʊ䶯գǧ䣬ڲ֪ƽɵ÷ɽ磬ϧǵɽ綼ǵ֣ɽ編ƨ
ԭǧ֪ǳħҶȶ֣ȻҪͷȻֱӴƷ򣬷ɽ硣
ǧ䱾һɣ֮һʵǳħҲսʤ
лߣħޱߣ
Ϊˣħ֪ǧһͷűԴﵽʵڵǷ磬ǧ⿪ӡڷͻϻعɽ磬ڵ⿪ӡֻܵƣϴƵ򣬷ɽ硣
һǧڵӵʵħҶҪɱͲף˷Ѳپڣնɱǧûᡣ
ħչһͨüħݵȻǧΧͷųɵֱɢ
ҺгڣҪҪѹǧ䣬Ҫܴۣȫ߶ʮϴǧͼܰѹ
Ҷ˿


470 ڰ
İ׽ʹߣ½磿
ڳħصֶ£ǧͷų˲ȡǧۿԼ޴Ӱɣƴš
Щڳħͽͣħһɵۣձ󣬼ħɾʵûУȴҲֲǧֵͼ衣
ʤǸӽձǾʤҲôס
սһʤҷЫʥа취뿪ع׽磬ͷκͨ޷ʵ֣ȫڷ֮ϣɽ編Ҫѹ
ͻȻҶץŹʥǹͬս٣ƿһͫͷĿ⣬ھʤɱرء
аæҶȽݣҶ֣Ҷͬˣһ·±֤ϴ뿪̩λ棬ߣԶ㣡
죬ʵʹ㲻½磬Ҷһɱɽ㹷ڲ֪£ˣˣĻΪһһף
һ߼λİǰҶҲῼǣѾ£ǣļƴ̩λ꣬Ϊһ㣬Ҳ¾ʤ̩λ棬Ȼ˾Ͳ
ҪɱҲףǾܾˣ

Ʋɣ̷ˮ¶ԣһϽɫڱըһ·˲䱻ѣһϽɫ󣬻ֳԽԽǷɫëͬһڲϵͣգۼ䣬һɾ޴Ͻˡ
ǾϽͫѪ죬һУҪκʸɣͷſļ̡
뷣
ȻצһץֱӶҶȣֱײõռ䶼ڲʵͣҪ׽磬ٶȲ֪ж죬˶һһץҪץ
ֱ
ҷЫʥа
֪аȴ޶ԣûг˼ҡҡͷѵ㻹ͷֱΪҲǳħҶȶ֣ȥܴҶȣܴܳħǳħ˶ѹʲô
ҶƺмԦͨǾɱҲ޷뿪ᱻħɱͶҶȣôһ꣬òײ죬ԭҸɽ磬ѵҪװ׷𣿡
аЫʥҲվԻҷ
ǡ
˭֪һʤ䣬ݺݵˣȴֲҶ˳֣ƽʱǿĸҵ
һȺͽŹǣڹҶȣͻȻعͷ˫ͬѪУҪС
ҪҵȣʶʱΪܣǸҶȶ֣װѰһԭͨԵõȡͣлУΪ࣬лɣǿɲУڽһ֮ˮ
ҪǷˮǲ㣬Ҳǵѡ񣡡
Ыʥаסҷȥ뿴ʼҪƲϵ
ҶȹЦúãҷЫʥаӦǣǣֻҪңɽȻҲ֮У
ͻͻͻ
ŭգҶȱԹɱ֮ģ׳˶ͻƵƣֱӰѿռһ𿪣ɱҶȡ
ٶȣʵ̫ǰһԸ㣬Ҳɱ㣬Ҫ㿴ͻɾǺεȵǿĸԸ
ǧͼ
ȻƣֳǾǿˡԽһ˵ҶȣҪɱҲҪķۡ
ռ̫ʹﵽʮ۷壬ҶȾһڵʼͻɾɾͷһء
ǧͼ̫һʱѴĹпƶɽһ㣬ԴԴϱ̫һɣתΪʯҪ߼
ʤһĻŵúëֱҶУս֧أԦ찡ɵ㵽ʲô
Ĺһпռ䣬գεͨȫԽˣһˣ˾ӵͨ
ҷЫʥа׷𾪣ҿľҪҶƿصͨҪԸǣл·
䡭
ƫƫаҲĵײеײӡ磬һδײװͷѪжôǿ˼̣ȻײҶȲý磬ײͷѪ
Ͳţƣƣ
˼δ׼˻ߣ캰ƣӶצץȥ

һδץڽϣײǽ֮ϣ˽ɫ᲻ɴݵĽɫϵƾιץײó޷ƿ硣
粻Ǵǧͼں̫һɵռ䣬õռʩչĽ磬ͬ˶Ҫοһ已̥Ͻ
ȼհɣɣ
ܵԴԴתΪ̫һڷӿڣͨأӿ˳ȼգ֮ʮڼתΧ⻷

һƬȻӿֳҶȱ֮У˳ڻ룬Ҷ񷣬ԽԽҡ
𺣾Ϊǧ𺣣ѾʤҷЫʥаƳ֮⣬ҶͬգƯڻ֮С
̤ͨ쾳ʱҵٳ˸սġսѥ׽١桢硢Żʯɾֺ֪εȽ󣡡
ʱ˿̣Ҷ־ϲͨ쾳ͬ죬ʮشһرһɾ٣϶ͨ쾳Ҫǿٱǧ
ͣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶƤϣ˺ƻ棬գҲһƬƽٻأƷڶŷҪ񷡣
Ȼеʹʲô棿
ٲŸոճ֣һЩغƻȴðҶȾַ֣ЩƻȻʹƵġ
ҶˣǿһٻûоֻԪɼ˺
ϴҪСģ
Ҷɻ󲻽֮ʱһѪӰͻȻҶǰǳħѪӰǵ֮еĽٻΪ֮𡯣
֮𣡣ҶȻδ
ħ͵ʮ˲磬֮ǾɡĽٻ𣬲ǿ׹ʱգͻᱻٻգ䣬֮ǵһ֮һΪ߲㣬ʮ˲֮ϣ֮𲢲ǿֻɱһˣ´ٵͻᴥ򣬶֮ͻúϵٷֲһʮٶ仯
ˡôû뵽ڵɽ٣Ȼյ򣬶ֲǵʿپͻɴٷ򣡡
ҶͻȻסоΣأ޴ڡ
ħЦϴ󣬵ʮٱԴڣҲ⣬ϴʮˣδ٣˵ӦǴˣǴѣ
꣡꣡꣡
춼ǵƣصѹĹ֮ϣȻ֮䣬һֲĺڰ׽ٿʼӽ֮һһչϵƣγǵ׽ٴ
գ֮䣬ʮӡ׽٣׽ɵʮӴ׽ٳˣƺҪͬʱҶѹȶ
򣡣
ҷ˼˰Ե٣ŵòҶһ£´߶ٻתƵƵģ꼰㰡
ϴ󣬽Ӧþǵ˵еƿڰҪˣ
ŵľ֮ʣħֿˡ
ڰ
Ȼ֮䣬ĪĻҶȾͷԡ

ͻȻʮ׹֮䣬ûһ׹׹ֳĵͼڣ׹̨׹ŷѹףһжָӡ
һ˯˻Ƶ֮𣬶ʱ׹໥Ħڵ߳߳ɽƷӿһ׹ɵľˣʼֳ
ͫ춼׹⣬ֳһߴɵ׹ˣȻǺڰģǽɫʥġ
ȻʥģҶȴ۾ӦаģףǺڰ֮ϵĺڰ񣬾Ȼʥǹ죬⡣
ϴڰ񣬴˵ڵ֮ʣǵף̫ڤһ̫ڤƵ֮УԶͶ̫ڤǶԿ䣡
ڰǳǿ󣬲֪ûУӦò˵죬ֻΪ򣬲֪ٵʿϣħҲϣǵɲף
ʱ˿̣ǳħҲˣڰߵĴڣҲ볼Ǵۣȴ˶ѣڰ󣬻һޱ֮£ħʲôǡ


471 ڰ
ǺεȿµĴڡԶŴ˵ȻĴڣ
ǻûϽ󣬾Ҳڵأ־ؿպڰ֮ϵ񣬷ŷֻҪһܰѾֱӸ
ˣ˸ǲ
ϴ󣬺ǳͷУǿ飬ڵ顢鶼ҪС
ħѪӰȻʧûɱ𣬶Уץֻܸɵ۵ǧ䣬ħɵǺڰ񣺡Ӧþͻִеڤ֮
̩λݺ޵еǧ䣬ħץСһץģҶЦЦ겻ѣʵڤ֮ʲô
ڤ֮Ǻڰķ̫ڤеΪڤ֮
˵ħ𾴣ݺ޵ֵ̫ڤ񣬳ħϳ޾ɣƻ磬̫ڤǻ絮֮һʵǿ棬ڤ֮žɱķһȥһɽλ涼Ҫɽ綼Ҫ𣬺̫ڤ䣬˵ѹڤ֮ڤ֮Ҳǵ֮һڰһѹһвڵնɱħ
ڰήڤʮԹޡȥʡڡħ١ຣȴҡ١ÿһڤȥһֿУУ޷УǾͻᱻڰɣΪ
ħޱ𾴣渵˵֮ͫҲһɼɵ޷ƿصĻҡ
Ȼϴʿ෨ҲڤʮẬе־Ҳǵʮٶѣ
Ҷ֮޻˵ħ˵һ䡣
ǰƣֻ뵽ҽɾȴû뵽ᴥ򣬵ȷ編ҪֲϣҪǳ˵ʲôڤʮԹޡȥʡڡħ١ຣȴҡ١ͻ䣡
˲ϵĿ飬иַ棬Ԫꡢ־ǡȵȣ֪ᵮ飬ʤ̭ﾺ
ݡ
Ȼս֮УǵƷһ۵Ĺâںڰ֮Уڤ֮һ淨ֳ֣һڰ֮
淨ִȼգǳƺ󶼳˺ڰеһĨ
ڰ֮ڰϢȫںϣŷڤ֮Ʋá
ǹǺڰ磬̫ڤǻڰǶǵ򣬶Ǻڰһִһպڰǵ޵ס
߳
ڴ߶Ҷڻ溣ںڰ֮𲻶ϷڣԽԽǿǳħҲ׿֮Χǵһ߷ºڰͷħҪԭΡ
ǻ淨֣Ȼָʢ֮𣬶𽥱֮ΧһελҺŷֵ䣬һ£ռ侹Ȼˡ
ҶȿͶϲϣɣ֮Ũҡ

ڵ֮ϵĺڰ񣬷ŷһӵ־ĴڣұͻȻһ𣬻淨ֿʼתһ޴֮ɵȼջ泯ҶȽ١
ۣ
֮ҶѾռ䣬Χ֮ռΧ飬֮γɵҺ壬˲ʴ
̫֮ͣĹϣҪΪҽǿȴҲҪ֮յֱС
һ˲죬ǰɵڿóǧʱ֣̽籣ҶҶȴһץһΪֳһ֮ɨȥ
¡
ں̫һ֣֮˲ײְ֮ץ֮ȴʼŴ֣ȼգһž֮󣬾ȻѴֻΪҺ塣
ٿ
ڰֶˣǺڰ֮ҶȾһһڰ֮ͬ񷳯Ҷն
ڶ컯ȭ
ȫŻ֮𣬼Ǻڰ֮ڰҶʩչǿͨ컯ȭһʽ

㣬ƺڰ컯ȭִݱ䣬ݱΪ磬ݱΪһɳһ磬һ
ÿһͿԴһ磬컯ȭΪ컯ݱ컯ء

컯ȭոմǺڰƺӳ˯֮Ȼ˫ͫ׹⼤䣬ͻͻռ䣬ΰһҲܲסڰһ⣬¾̩λҲҪ顣
߸
ڰͻȻͳŭ֮ǻ淨֣Ȼͻͻͻش֮ѵռ䶼ȼ
ϴ󣬿Ǻڰڵµĳֽƣ㴥֮ӵвԣȴĵطҪСģ
ۼ֮У֮һ춯츴ħ͸ϽҶȡ
֨֨
ҶڵĽ֮ϣһε֮ڻҺ壬һεڽ磬ȻѽڻһҶӰҲʮ֮
ʱ֮У컯ȭڰ֮ĺڰ񷣬ʼɱڰ໥ɣòɿ
꣬꣬꣡
ڰٴγ֣ǻ淨־Ȼһ֮ͬһööڵҶȺһһ
⻹ʲô٣ǵҪĨɱңߣ칭
ҶͻȻֱͦһץ칭ͳУһӣһʥǹΧڰ
׼һҪһе֮ҶҲٹ˼ץһʥǹͬգ˲һ֮
ô֮Ƭ綼Ҫ롭ô̫֣̫֣ģΪȴҪԿ񣡡
ͻ䣬س٣ħվڷ֮У֮ϣ˸һĿΡ
ħһʥǹͰһ֮䱬Ļռ䶼ȼգ̩ĹϣʯգΧʣ¶Ҫ
ʤҷЫʥаʼʩչ֮ãմ֮ˡ
ݣ
ڰֲϴ߶淨֣ҲʼһڰһԻһˡ
ҶƺڰҪԸڰأܽж㲻ҶȲӵԣ̫һκյĴڡ
һڰľռ˻
ڿȥҶȷŷվһʥԲȦ֮У֮ĻǣҶȲһʥǹݻ֮ڰ
һṦͿһգ뿪ʼٿȥ
ŲʮҶȾ͸оƣߣĵ̫죬һҪ߶칭һҪʥǹҪԦ磬Ҷʵ̫ۣؼԵǵֲ٣ѹͲ˿ֲ
ֻ
֮䣬һѴʬץ˳ֱӿʼᣬڷԡ
Ȼֱˣ
һϽĻ֮еľ츸ӣ֮УҶͬʩչ򣬼Ԧ磬ͬʱԿ֮ϵĺڰ񣬳ûţҶȵǿѾӡ
俴ҶȾȻֱӶȡ˴壬𾪲ѣ£ˣҲҪſҶֱˣ⻹Ƿô
ϴɹһأΪ֪ṩ٣һɾնɱɾһˣҲ⣡
ħ𾲾ҶȶԶԷ٣æ޷
յ
ҶȲòʼ÷һҪҪ߶칭һ֮һһڰ
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼޱǿ󣬾ȻԸȻ̫ҲʲôʱԲ䡣
ȻȷˣһһأǷһĺ󡢽ӴС߼һζˣѴһ֮ҲԻˣ
ҶҲЩѣ̫һκʡκɣҶʼѪ壬ʮ˽⣬κءѪƿء
ʱôôȥҶȲ֪նĶٵʥǹ֮ڰڣ˴Ҳһ롣
ڰȻûֹͣ˼ҪҶԶȥ
ٿٿ
Ȼһƽ֮ҶΧӣͷһ棬Ϣ
ԭѾɹͻƴ٣úãֻҪݻٺڰҾɾҲۼ
ҪȫһѺڰ䣬ȥҿ϶㲻Ҳһգ
ȼհɣ
ҶȾȻ¶ģһ涯ýһ˴ֲһӵʥĹʥǹ
һͬµɣ޷ƣ
죬ҶȲ˽֮е̫һ˴ȫ֮һһɳĹʥǹȫע칭׼һԴ߷ڣһ


472 ̤ɾ
֮Ҷ˵ԴȪҪͷãҲʹùһΣһΣȴǽ֮һ
˭Ҷǿ޷սʤĶ֣ٷߴڣҲ֪ΪΣ˵ҶѾȹ٣ǵᣬҪ÷򳹵׽Ĩɱ
Ҷǰֻ·ҪôʮߵҪȻ
̫һϽ̫֮¯ںȼգеΪһ޼᲻ݵĹʥǹΰĵȥ

֮У֮ϣǺڰͻȻվֲذ֮л淨£Ȼ˫־֮УѾ֮Χĺڰ֮һҶȣֳֺڰ֮Ҷһն
꣡
񷣬Ȼڰһնһۣڰ̫֮Ե죬Ȼռ䶼ƻ¾һҲҪ顣
ɶҪǱʵﵽɾ磬һٰѵ飬Ҳϴһᣬڵɽ٣Թֻϴһ࣡
ħΰڰֳֺڰ֮ҪСҶȣѾħۣҪԺڰ֡
¡
ڴʱڰһն£񷣬Ҫﵽ֮ʣҶĹʥǹоƷ칭Ϊһʥ⣬صס˺ڰ֮
ȻһʥǹϮ޷赲ʥ⣬һ±ըȻѺڰ̳֮أȻ紩ļһֱֱ䴩ڰΧƣ͵ͱڰš
컯ȭƣ
ʥǹͱڰţҶͻȻ˫һ֣ӡ⿪ڹʥǹ֮зӡ컯ȭŹʥǹһͬը
ݡ
ʥ֮⣬ڰǺڰģǹʥ񣬺ڰ޴ڣܻӺڰ֮ȽȽ𣬾գԶҲ٣ܻ֮졣
âͬһ㣬ںڰڱը׽ʥɢڰźڰ֮ΪΣϢٴα֮޽ա
ͻͻͻ
ۿҶȫһ˵ڰнƼȥͻȻ׹⣬һ׹ͬգһ׹ͬ£໥ƣӽ֮һصϹſռ併٣Ҷֱѹ
Ȼûꡭ
һ̣Ҷͷųȥʣµֻн֮֮һͷţҶȾͳ׵;ƿݵĵز
ϴ󣬲Ҫ⡭Ӧǵ󣬿գѵõĻᡭ
ҶҪ취£ħͻȻһ
ԣ˵ķǳԣӦǰҴͻƣڵɽ٣ĪҲ֮е󣿣
뵽ܲҿ϶ҶȻǶһѣƻҶҲѾ׼ãʮգȻԤϣҶȴҪðա
ಣ
ִӽ֮гֵϹſռ䣬һաһ£ͷſֲ׹Ϣͬӻ뺣һҶ֮С
߳߳
һʱ䣬׽ϢҶȵĽƤߣңֳһհ׹⣬°׹ͼֹ޵׽ͼڣϹϢңȻ̫һûκų⡣
ҶȴʱǺڰһ׽գ׽£˫£񷣬ڰȻࡣ
׽԰Ȼ׽Ϣ
ա׽ߣڵ֮Уγ֮ƣ׽վͬգ¾˵硣
ħͻȻһץǧҶǰ󾪵ϴǺ˵ͷӦþϹ߾޼˻ס
޼˻ףҶû뵽ħ֪ա³
ħ𼤶ƽڰϹ֮Уһޱǿ󣬵̫ڤ죬޼˻׾Ǻڰ޵аӦϹŴУϴڤڤ֮еõϹźڰĴУ
ҶסˣҵõϹźڰĴУ
Ȼ
ħϿ϶ȻָҶǵ׽Ϣ֮Уôһաһ£ǾǺڰĴӣõУϴĽ㰡õϹ󴫳У˵ɽ磬ߵҲ٣ɽܵõ֮еˣǶһۣɴִУǾ䱦ο󴫳У
ȱֶΣ컯ȭֶ޼˻ףҶһ̵ġ

ɢȥһΰķҶըȫѪڷӿȼգϸ⡢ǡƤͷڷȼա
ٿ
ڽ̤ɾĸı֮ʣͻȻҲתͷžϢ̺ϢҶڳɾɾʱϢ룬֮еǿʢϢ
ϢȻڽΧһҶ̤ɾһףɾһ׾硣
˾ȻҲ𵤣̤ɾ˽𵤾ͻһƣƾ˾һƣһףȻǾŽ׾硣
ɾǷˣԽ֮ûгƣֻҶһǾһס
𵤡ȫϢо˿Կ񷾡ͷͬڣңо񷾡ͷƺһʥأڤڤ֮ңɽ磬ɾǰˣѾܸӦɽڣ
ҶƷζϢڲϸıţоʱﵽ񷾡ͷĹ⻷硣
ʣ֮һͳͳ
̤ɾҶھǸ⵰ȫ֮ƽٳɹһף̫ͨʮײ࣬Һ˴ʣ֮һ
ͨʮ̫ڽһףٶͦʮֹ˽𵤲Ǻö
֮䣬ҶоͳһŶĿĽ𵤣ƣףɽ磬˾ϣڷ磬ǾǾͷ
һͬ
Ϣűһͬɽٳɹ̤ɾȱҪۺ̫࣬ΪһӰҶǰͬʱ˽𵤿ʼ
ಣ
ͬʱ߶𵤣֮Ʊƽ⣬оĻ棬ˡ
˽𵤣ܴ֮ﵽһˮ׼̫¯ȼմʯɽʣеʮ죬ܴﵽһ״̬
֪ڶǧ䡢桢ԪչĴˣ֮ǰǰǱţһսˣֻҪ߶ǧͼܽˣȻɱˡ
оʵҶָоϢһȭȥˣҲҪ
̤һףҶʵܴﵽһףһˣҶȿ϶նɱסɣûаգһ߶ǧͼ칭Ҷаնɱ׵ɡ
Ȼһɽ硣
ڷ磬һɰ˽סŽסʮˣҶȶ֣ҶȲûдﵽ˾磬ȴӵгԽ½磬Ҫܵ½編Լʵһʮ֮䣬ôҶȶ֡
ڿ˵Ҷڷ磬ݺ޵֣ɱɱɡ
˽֮УȻ̺ɽ編򣬹𵤹ȻǺö֮ҵĽ֮ƽϢǿʢϢԽǿȻԽ죡
һȥӡĽ磬һյһ𵤣ԡ
ʱ̩ĹڲȫҶգΧǵ磬˽룬Ҳǵɡ
ϴˣǧеˣɣ޷Ԫչ͸ϴ㣡
Ҷ֮ʵﵽһ״̬ոս⿪磬ħͳ֣һץԪչʬͳա
úãһҲɣɷ̫ǿȷʵ޷˾ţȻص̩λ˵
һסԪչʬ壬ֱ𵤣Żһץڲ룬Ҳʧķɽʯɽ籦
̩뱦⣬ȻǶġ
Щڳħ˵ֵһᣬҶ˵Ƕڷ磬Щɽ籦֪ζţͳͳ޽䡣

Ȼպڰͷһ໲ҽС
Ǽˣ
һһɵռ侹ȻҶ˹ռڲȻƿžʤҷЫʥаǿߡ
˶߼λľǿߣҶǰ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣЫʥѾ̫嶼챻ɡ
ȻûиоϢ
Ҷ֪Ĺ֮Уûߣͷȴÿһ˻ţҶѰѩϢκϢûУʬ嶼ûС
ˣѩңӦóôĹ֮ǰ뿪˴Ĺص̩λ棬Ǹ֣Ȼʵɾ۷嶼ûдﵽһֱĻϲ⣬صĺܣ
ѵ֪޷ǧЩеõͷȡһЩ뿪ˣʱ֪֮Ҫϣɱһ죬棬ҲӲˣ
ҶֳԸӦѩˡһ񣺡ˣ̤ɾ뿪г̩λ棬ʱλ涼У棬޴ӣб뿪̩λ棡


473 ӡ
棬Ҷ֮·һУ½Ҷȴȡţȫƿ½֮޷ĶԹ
λںϣ棬ھ͵ˣ
ջããʮ˲֮ϣȻǵͼ磬ҲȷҪ̫࣬ޱȡ
ɣ
򱻵ռƿصǿߣָһץռƶʤҷЫʥУ˵ǶԿ֮ѾףҶȲ֣Ҳᱻɡ
û뵽Ҿݺᷲǧ꣬һõȴ޷̤š
ˣҲᱻƣð֪Ͳ̩һ˺
֪޷ٷҶȣǰֻһ·

ͻȻ񱻵ռһо룬ǾҲΪѪӰ֮С
һʮ׳Խһɵǿߣ٣ЫʥаĻǵģ
ֱӰ𷲽ľɣӲ٣ѾɲٵЫʥаĹ֮һļƴɱ˲գ۵Բá

ҶȻ˵꣬ǿ߾ͱŵɥ˻꣬ûüģͱһֱӾ룬ŤžžͱΪ࣬Ѫ⡢һѪҶɵøɸɾ
һһҶȣҴӴ˾ūʹɱңɱң
žЫʥаһһҶȻɣʤŵ˫ȷͬɥȮڶҶġ
ˣñɣҪҵһλѣ
ಣ
ָһ㣬һͰŵòɵľʤ֮УȻǱ֮С
ˡɱ˾ʤħģع
г˸аħԹ˫ۣڻǼ£ҡҡͷһǿߣҷ飬֮飬Ը汾Ȼ·
ãҳˣ
һǿңҷͶģǿߣôһɳΪ飬ѾףֻУվڷ۷壬ֻһ̤ɵ
κˣѡЭ˭ԼһõĶǰװ׵ظ֮
ܺãҷھ̫ҵ۹ԪϣúΪ£ɣ֮УҲϵλĿԴɣǲ˵ջ֮ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾȫ˻ҷԪ񣬿꣬Ժҷκ뷨ҶȶԸӦʱĨɱꡣ
һʮǿߣɽλ棬ǳ̩λ޵֮ˣʥҪǿ
ʥʵǸлҶȰʥɽӻǿսȳȴɢˡؽԪ˳ΪˣֻҪҶ飬ͻŻ
̫ҵ۹Ҫһͳ̩λ棬ҪǿߣͬɢˡؽԪˡЩԶԶҪ޵ҷѹˣΪ̩λػߣȻá
շҷ̷ʵҶߣҶͷſռҷħ𣺡ƣ֣ĹͳΪ֮ײռ䣬ֲ֮أʮ٣ҲԹ
ħһ룬ҡҡͷԵϴʵʮ˲ͲҪǰѷֲ߲磬ͻױǿ߷֣Ҫ֪ʮ磬ǿпĴڣ
Ǻãʹ˰ѴĹӡ֮У
ħһҶҲúܵʮ˲ȷʵûпֲ֣ȻҲ֣㹻ʮٳɳͬãҪʮٱȷһɳȥһ޷ѹסʮϢ
١
ħһץһɹ̫һʼ̩ĹΧпռĹȻӡ
ڴ˵غúһʲôΣգ뿪
һӡųħһͬӡĹĹǰȻرʮ˲ġ
粻֪ж񣬶ٸԪѵԽԽߣûٴڡ
µԨ˲֣һͨĻҷþ޷Լ۾࣬ȻڵٵأǺεͨ
˷ɳرؿʼ٣ѴĹڵ磬ͿԶ˯Զյʮ١
ӡ
Ȼ˸ո׼뿪һ޵ٻӰӵһһƬͨҶƺ޵е
ǰٻӰһһƬǺӣһƬ磬ͨٶȡͨˣҲ׵һԽһƬǺӡ
ħ𿴵ҶȷƵűʧǵˣ
㣡
Ů߹һƬǿգǰһ̣Ҷ𾪿ˣȻǵŮӣȻҲڤѾߡ
һ£ϢͬԴţŷ԰ǵڰҲˡ
ӣȻ㣬С㴫һ˵ţû뵽ǹӣ
ϣֻǳ֮⣬еأСԶ˯ߣ˵һٻٴСӵӡǣһ֮䣬޻磬ֻйһܴӺڰСٻ
һʥļͷŵϢҶ˲͸ӦڤϢ
ϴҪӡһںϣԶ޷ֿȥ㣬ҳİ취Ӷ㡭
ħͻȻҶȣһġ
Ŀ齫㲻ҪĴˣҾͲɱ㣬ǰҲֹθ
Ȼѳħһͨ޵УһƲħһ̵óħȻһѪȻҶȣСʲôˣӦܸܵõ
ãСһ
Ҷ˿Ҳԥӿʼڣֱһʥ⣬ڤӡԺ֮Уɲ֮䣬ҶȾͿ翵ĺڰ磬һƯţϡڤȳ˯ˡ
ֻǣҶȥڤӱ֮б𣬿ϧǱ׿ƺܽܽȴԶԶ
¾֮Զľ룬ǰȴ޷
ӡ
գ֮䣬صͻΪӰϢ֮Уˡ
ǿֶΣȻһħһħû뵽һŮ³˰Ƕˣݺݲ˲ǡ
ҶҲ֪֮Ӱҡҡͷֻʳɻ󣺡ƣ룬ڤСһѾߣʵС㱾ˣʲôˣ
ϴ֪ڵʮһ£ǿͬɽλһҲϵϹż壬һ壬Ϊϣϲ򵥣򵥡
ħ̧ͷһҶǼ⣬ͼϡ֮ĺᣬҲǣ̫ڤҲ࣬µĺˣͳĵһ壬ϣ̫Ӵÿ綼Ǽ壡
ϣȻ̫ڤĺᣡ
˲ҶסˣϣȻ̫ڤĺᣬ̫ڤǿǵ֮ԿĴڣĺᣬǿ϶ʮ˲ס
ڤȻϼһλС㣬˼顣
ϴ󣬾һڵʮ˲綼ţȻͲ֪ڤһС㣬һλͨС㣬һϼС㣬ҪҵֻпӡǣϴΪ̫ͣ޷Ӧӵɵ۾磬ﵽ󣬲ʵĿ
˵ħͫȽȽԵ𾴣ͬȼĴڣҲ볼
ɵۡ󣡣
εҡҡͷһ֪ǧꡢ꣬ɽУǿɲȷ棬ÿһҪǧꡢϣһξ㣬󾳽磬ʮݣһһ꣬Ҫʮ޵۾硣
˳ΪǼһ񻰣ʷ֮УѾ˳ֻԶ֮С
ʮɾ޵ɵ۾ֻ۶ѣˣꡢʮ궼ûдﵽɵ۾۷壬Ϊɴֳۡ
ħȻЦϴ벻ɾ޵ɵۣҸҿ϶ʮ꣬ʮһԣ
ʮ꣬㵹ͦᰲοҡ
Ҷ˵һһңɼ֣ڴ޵ɾʮ꣬һ꣬һָͷǿЦ
ϴҸûع̩λ棬㰲źһ飬Ϳ̤ɽ磬ԭûжɹٵķˣ޷̤ɽģ½磬Ҫһ˴ɽ磬Ҳܣɵۣϴ˵ʮΪݣͨɽ磬Ͳܵɽ編ƣ̤ɽ磡
һϴʹһ棬Է̤֮ɽ磬δаħҶȵ
˳һͳ̩λ˵
Ҷȿʼͷʮ̩ͨλ棬ֱɵγһͨͨһɣ̴Żҷħ뿪


474 һͳλ
С㣬˵ĲҶӾȻõڰǰĴУ޼˻ףǿͨ
Ҷ뿪һӰڵ֡
޼˻סڰȻС˵ѡǺڰģ˹ڰͻʧǣйĵطͻкڰ
Ӱ֮ڵʧ
̩λ档

׽̾ȻȫʧˡԺ䣬ԭЩۣ̫ҵ۹֮ԸҪͳͳǽȫ
һȼյĻԭ֮ϣʮڰΧī̵۵ĹԺѧӣԭȻС
ڹԺķǿһ֧飬ʥ֣ɢˡؽԪҲ̫࣬ҵ۹ǡʥڸɵǿߴҪƶȡԺ޴о
̫ҵ۹ߣƨ̫ҵ۹һ˹ԺԺɱ̫ҵ۹
һͷߣǶɰ˽׵ǿߣʿҲǿޱȡ
ȻˣͰȫɣ
ͻȻڹԺϿգһͨҶȺΰ֮ͨ͸ǿգԺ
˻ˣ
̫ҵ۹ʿ˲Ҷ׷׼컶
ˣڻˣЩ˿Ƭ̶Ҫɢ˼ؽԪˣһҶȻع飬ͲķɱɱȥҶһͿķ
ͷЦƨˣҲʸ֮ģ
ǲǣϼ
ʱʥҲ˿Ȼǿ󣬵ķһϣҲ޷ѹǹԺԭʥѾԭ֣ȻԭΪϱȲʥǶԷùԺԴ֮ϻѹһء
ˣ
̫ҵ۹ʿڿͨ񷣬Ҷ¶žǳħҷ
ǡԺ¡Ҷȣ
Ժԭ̧ͷһʱסˣΪ䣬ȻԺﶼ˽⣬ңҲ˵Ժ𣬾Ҷеҡ
ȻɽԱһ𣬾ǻҷԭĿڻҷϣһۣоʹ
ҶȶԻҷȥԺʿߣɱˣȫǾȫɱˣԺЩ²ʱѺ
ǡˣ
ʮҷҶޱȹΪˣɻѣɽĴǿߣȻҶһ³
ʥȻã̫ҵ۹ƽķ򣡡
Ҷȴﵽ̩λ棬ʹӸϤ֪̫ҵ۹һһ⼸ʱ䣬ʥʽΪ̫ҵ۹ʥ̫ҵ۹ķɱ£ѾɱϹԺѪ
ʥ˿ʩϷ֪ͼ֮ˣ
ԭԺѾʵȥк˼˳ң̩λϾͻϣԽԺԽ̩۹һͳ
ҶȸķͷֱӸԭ˵
ԭЦҶȣ㲻ǸͽͶɽʸһͳλ棬λɽΪūԸԲã
ɽ
էȻһҶȻ̩֮УʩչֲƣƾȻֱӸ̩λ֮ϣһų֣ʿţԺ£ҶȣͬҲ̫֮
ȻΪ
һɲǣԭˣУҶֻһ£ڣչֵʵʮҲȲϡ
Ҷ̩λ򡢴½𣺡׽̽ǧ䣬ˣ׽̸֣նɱɽľ֣ҲѾڱϣھҪһͳ̩λ棬ϣλҪзߣϢһһնɱߣ·һ
ߣ˼·һ
ΰʼ̩λص򣬻ƫƧĻ򣬲ǲⳡս𣬻Щûвμսһ̣ˡе鶼Ҷ޵еƿ֮
ʱķ𾪣˷𵴡
ղЩϣҶԱ
ҶͻȻͷʮаɾͨ쾳ɾʿƼɣֻ˵һ䣬ߣ뿪ߣԭز
ಡ
˻һʿͱҶǿһһ̫ҵ۹ǣɳȥʿԽԽ٣֮ûжһ£еˣһڨЦƺҶȷеˣֻ
Ƕµɣ޼˻ף𣡡
ҶȻ֣һ׽֮⻯ΪգһƵ֮Ӫָһָ
䡭
˲Ϣ֮䣬һֲ׽ٺ׾ʹ٣һڰӪ֮Уһʱ䣬Ҿ徣ʬҰһ׽ȥ˵ʿһսΪ˳
֪׽ٽ٣ͰѰʿȫĨɱͬ٣ʿΪ˻ҽ
ȡ
¹ԺѧӣһĻŵòһ̫ҵ۹Ҳ
ʵΪζ̶̼꣬ͱʥĵһôҶȵǿֶΣĨɱ֮С
޼˻סȻһ¾ѡ
Ҷʮ⣬Ŀģɫһ䣬ԭѿ̩࣬λͳڱУɽҲ׽̣ңԭԼѡɣԺѧˣһ˲䣡
ƣǳѹȡ
ԭһתѧӼȡڶ˵һ䣬ԭԥҶȹ£ԺԶ
ãܴѡϾͻ֪ǶôѡɢˡؽԪˣǾͿʼܹԺȥԺǧ
ಡ
ĿУҶħƾʧ
ԺԴʧȥݳ֮ȻûܣѾû䣬ķȡǵͳεĵǣԺҲֻʣͨԪǻûг١
Ȼûг٣Ժʮѧֻʣһڣ󲿷ѧӲǲǸȥˣԺǧ£ԺϵȻһܴݻٵġ
ˣʼջ
ͨԪǾϵ֮ϣǧ¦ճϹŶԺ뾧ϵһٶλϹŶˢˢؿԺ
䣬û뵽ɽ׽̶ҶϣˡԺһ£Ϊȴӵ˿ֲʵ
¦ճ̾ϢǰûҶȴɽǿɱԺҶȳΪɽ߹һҶȵɽˣֲ⼸ôɽ׽кζȻҶȫնɱ
Ҷ̶ʮ꣬Ժȵһɳ죬ӼĵӣΪ£ɴ˿ɼ˾ԷһˣЩȥȴ㲻һԺο
ǧҡͷ̾Ϣ
ЩϹŶҲ޹⣬ı׼̤ǿɶһϹŶȴһϳݡ
ǧҲѡ񣡡
Ȼ޵ӰǿһǼʷ籩֮ȥ磬ǳħҶȡ
Ҷȣǧʱһ飬ζҶʩ񣺡Ҷ¡ҶҴԺʾ
ϹŶһһҵȳ
ݲɳӣλȻѾѡоͱװԺڿʼԺ״ʷ֮ʧ̩λֻ̫ҵ۹̩λ棬ӭһ¼ԪȻ̩λҲΪ̫򣡡
һĸϹŶҶ̬˵ͬʥּ˷
Ȼ仰ڣԺ˸ҷֻĬ
ǧԺбˣΪĪȻںδ
£ԺԺԺڼ̩λ棬ھҪ׽̲ȫҪҵ׽̲ҲףĪȻھó
ĪȻ
¦ճȻ̧ͷ֮ͫǾ㵣ƺ벻ףΪԺţΪҶȵˣȭĪȻʧȥټˣ
Ŷ
ҶȿɲţĪȻεȴô䣬׽̽ӣӵһݣǿʼԪٻĪȻ
ʮ֮󣬾ϵһƬྲ
˵ĹȻĪȻȷʵԺҲ̩λ桭
Ҷ˵һ㵵Ļ˼ܣôĪȻʧȥϵ޷ӦԪδɢȥǾ֤û䡭
аΧԺ׽̽ӣҲʧȥӰѵ·׽̹ܣֻҪ̩λ棬ҾܸӦĪȻڣҶ޷Ӧôһ£
һ̣ҶȳĬ
ϴ޷ӦĪȻħҲԣĪȻݣȻҶ޷ӦĪȻбΡ
ãҶȲ˵ƣҺȻһָоŷ𱳺һ˫۾ڶǿ̩λûҲҪ׼
ɣˣһɱһһ˫һ˫ħаЦëս


475 ͷ
¹ԺԺҶ̸ԺҷѾʿҶȽ٣ʩչʿ
Ҫ֪ʮһ붼ӵɾΪǿޱȣսǿ
ǧԺѧӣҲڶҶȳͬʱҶˮǬκ޳ƿѧӣʼؽƮǡ
λķвߣһһȥɱ⣬ķһȥɣ
̫̫ǡ
ʹʥ֮Уҷʥʥ칫ɢˡؽԪˡ껡͵ȾŴ󻤷ǧԭԼʮλɰ˽ǿһãȻ̫ҵ۹ڲһЩʿ
Ҷ´￪ʼɨ˷ƻóһٶڳʿһȫǴ̩õһƷұʷǳߵȡ
л
õˣһ̿ʼбͳͳʧǹҶƿ֮£ûܵκ˸ŰõҶΣһҶȡ
˿ʼ̫Ϊģ̫λ򣬲ʯֱʯҲ֮࣡
ţҶ´ܶһҪ£ķһ濪ʼʽ̩λΪ̫λ棬̫Ϊ룬ʼǧ
ңҶѾ̫Χ̫ɽͨһˣǼԭǧʥҲ׷ˣκ뷨ȥҷҶţκκ³
ҶȵǿѾңɼԿҶȣûпܣֻصĳ
̫ǣع
ಡ
˷ݳͬ˵ҫҶת̩Ĺһ̣гͱħӡֱȡ
ҶŰ˵ϢԽоλͬڣȻ̩λ澫ڣл̩µĽƣƽ⣬̩Ҳţ̩λ̫λ棬Ҳ
ϴں̫λ棬ʵֻǴ½磬Ҳû취
ʱ򣬳ħǬߵ߳
˷ݳʵǿҪҲͷ˰ɣ
ħ֣ҶڨڨЦ˼ǵ⡣
֣
ħӵ⣬õͷٴ׽̻طõսףļսһ㼯ս׾ͻħȻͻΪɴ۴С
ɴ֮еĳۣɵ۾Ϊʮףһ׵ʮʮǧħҲǵͽɵۣҲ޷ΪۣɽҲۣǶΪﵽŽסʮסԽɵ۾ڵ
ɴ֯ˣưɽһʱͷɽ˷λ棬ķĴУȻҲɽ֮ĴڣɴѾܣΪ񣬶пܡ
ħõɴ۴УˮһħͻΪۣҳϣҲǳ֮
ৣ
һޱȴִĹ⻷ˣ˲䣬Ҷħ𶼿ֱۣ⻷
˳Ĺ⻷֮УƯһͷǽɫͭɫȴĽɫƺۣŷһţ϶أǶŲرʯۿȥͷأҲ֪ʲôʴɡ
Ϣأͷɭɭϣֱ֮ͷųŷУһϹǿڳ˯һҪ񷣬ֱ졣
ķоȴǧͼҪ߳һΡ
˲䣬ҶѴͷЩ޵֮ǧͼҪԵĶԣϢҪǿ٣ͷս޵֮ǧͼŷһʱշַȫһ
ӵսףݺǧ磬κǿߣӵдǧͼ磬ȥ磬Գǧɽˮ
ħȴҡҡͷǧͼҲǳԽʮƷĴڣսҲǣǧͼҲܹϣƴǧͼһʥߡһɴۻҪϵĴڣȥȥ硢ȥɽĺɳλ棬Ŵﵽɽһ䣬ϴҵôǧͼҲǳһ㣬ռǧͼͼƬõĴǧͼŻ֪ǿأ
淨׵õҶЦǧͼͼڲŵõ飬Ӧһ飬ӵͼ飬õͼ飬ܸӦǧͼڡսһֳĲ֣֪ںδѰأ쿪ʼͷ
ٿ
һħӳüļһͷʱʯʼͷŵǽɫƺۻŤ
֪˵õͷ̩Ҳһ߽ɣȴ޷ͷǾȻҲڷ
ħ⣡
ħüĲעͷͷֻͷŵعȴûħͻȻ˫֣ģȻð̫һͬϢȴħ
ǳħʮ
ƣһ֮
ħͷ𾪵ħһɵۣκȴͷû취ֻ֤ͷʵ
ҶĵãκҶǰΣնɱ־κνƣͳͳڻӵ̫һʥ̫⣬κҲҪ
̫⡭
һĿҶķ˳ֱӳͷӿȥ޵ǿߣںӴ
ͣ
ħƺҵͻƿڣҧָһѪͷ֮Уͷʱһ£һħ⡣
һ֮ͷͻȻʵħͫðµħƣˣϴԭɴҲһħһײȫȻ׹ħǡÿԱɣ
ŶԭɴҲħħڳ񣬻ħҪЩ֮УҲ̺ħ
⵹ҶȺ⣬һ𳬼ۣȻҲħ
ķӡȻǳµֱʣʮƷ޷ᲢۣҪͷҪܳһʱ䣡
ȥ죬ħͻȻͷ֮УҶҲʧħ˵ǧʬ壬ʼ
Ҫȫھ̫ǳںϡ
ħʱҶҲʼҪҪ飬ǰѳ̫ںϣóλۼ̫򣬴ӴԺ̫λĵطΪλһ޶ʥء
һصķӡ˫֮ͷų̤ɾҶͨʮװٱκͨʩչǶǵӦ֣컯ȭʽҲˡ
طӡѰ˷ݳΪһ飬Ƿ룬һ壬ҿʼ̫ǱԴ֮УҶֿʼʮɸֽƣǬߵһθ죬һӾ޴̫¯ڵعͣЪȼա
һԴԴתΪ̫ǡ̫
ں˳ڼԸӦ̫λ󲿷ڣֻҪںһλ棬ˣ˸ܾںλ棬ֻں˱Դ޷ʹһλ棡
ЩźҲ㹻ˣڿλ汾ԴǾ޾ҶĪ
λ棬ΪﵽϵǿߣоλԱ仯Ȼ̫תƣͨԺҲ˶ףǿҶںλĸı䡣
λ棬ѾҶƿ֮£ǲʵҶȻ̫򣬸Ӱλ籩ȻγһûбԵı㣬Ҫ̫ʿҪ̫ͨҵ۹רͨһ˸ȥ
̫ԭֻǧ򣬽Ҷһ죬򣬶ڲӣ󼸺ﵽʮ򣬿֪̫жô޴󣬼λѾ̫òٲ볼ҶȵҲ̫ҵ۹Ҫ󳼷
ûɡ塢۹չ̫ҵ۹ƿλ棬Ҷȵ޵Уֻ̫ҵ۹δ
ںλ汾ԴҪƶһ̫ˣϴǧͼκ򶼿пƶ
̫ǵعҶգ۾ܿ򣬰̫һһα仯̫ҵ۹æŵ̫ʮ򣬽ǳءֲȵȡ
ȻвǿߣҶȷԸϣӡƳ棬Ȼ׽̡ɽͳͳ𣬵ǸƳѲû˶սᣬ̫ҵ۹ǿ߲ܳ׻ⸯƳĻΣ
ԯĴԯҲˡбɶǨƶ
ı״̬֮ʣҶԺݶоյҶԶϢԭйˣԯԯ壬бڣˣҶнˣ̫򶼻Ŵ
ڼһж̫λһͳ
һȥҶȲڰѳӡڲӡ֮У쾵ڴ֮УΪ󷨱ƷǿǲˣλԵֵκ˽Ȼ˾Щȫ
ɣڷ绹δֹֻɡй½¼
Ҷ̫ܳƷȴֻһٶƷʮƷֻ쾵еǼԴɼףȻӴ̩ӡǧЩҲôɽ籦
һ㣬ҶȾɽ磬ǸСȻЩҶȼɽ磬Ҫ̫ҵ۹֪жʿɽ磬ûһɽֻгΪūҶȲòΪԺ㣬ɽ籦ˣ̩ͬڱ֮һ


476 빫
һȥҶȻû뿪عڿʼɵ
Ҷǰ޷ɵΪδﵽɾ֮޷Ϣ޷ɵɵǶǴ׽Լöһ棬ȫɵ̫ҵ۹ʿҲ޷֮졣
뿪ûжʱգһЩɵ£һɱɽԶ̫λΣ̤ɽ硭
һƬչֵأҪҶǰ
ɽ磬Ƕôһ嫡Ӵص磬һɳͱ̩λҪ޴Ķ࣬ǲҶݺ̨
ϴҪȥɽ磬Ҫɽ˽⣡
Ҷһ̫¯һɵ֮ʣħȻŷҶȸղǾĻ
Ҷһô˻̫ԣҪȥɽ磬Ҫɽ˽⣺ҲǣҶɽһҲ˽⣬˵˵
ɽܴ󡭡
û뵽ħһ仰˵ƽҲȻҶȾɽ治򵥣ħ渵ɽ磬ҲΪɽ磬Ϊɽһо죬һɽڷϷɽ磬Ǿߴڣ·ɽܴܴÿɽ綼λ棬ɣ۹塭
ɽ죡
ɲǼһҶԺεȵ磬ôһƻֺ棬һ̺λ棬ɽǵǶô嫵硣
һ̩λʿһɽɳ̩λλ棬ֱ綼Ҫ޴
ҵɽ磬мҲһɽ磬λ棬磬ȻһɽûɵۼĴڣֻɽϲɵۼ˴ڣһɽ缸ǴΪͷҲŴϵǿߣһصɽ磬ûɵֻۣеͽһͳλ棡
ɽ磬ǿ磬ضǣɵǰ˴һһ̤߼ɽ磬̤ɽˣǶӵо֮ŵķɾ޵ɽ磬˴֮䵹ûʲôռ䣬߼ɽūȽ߼ɽԱȽΣգʥأ
ħǧ䡢̩Ӳ֪ƬϿգһɽ֮УһȽϻҵɽ磬Ϊɽ磡
ɽ磡
էһɽֵǰʮ㡣
׽̡̩ԼɽȵҲƬɽ磬ɽֵзλ棬ˣﵽɽ磬ܰɽɴ˿ɼɽһɽȽʵһɽ磡ħһ˵
Ҷ˼һ󣬻׹ȻҲ֪ɽߣ׽ڣ̩ңռ׽̽ʲôо죬Ǹ
ǧ֮Ѿ֪һУ
̩ǧ䣬ħŷҶȻҪҶ˴ֻȴûа취ȡ˼䡣
ħͷϢһ˿˿ɴƣ׽ԭڰɽʲôо첻һ߽״ɣƺӸ߼ɽ磬ĿǶȡսףڰɽõսĲеһֵ֣֪ڰɽͳµķĳλ棬һ֣ɳѰңǧֻһһɣһɽǸڸ߼ɽ磬ƨһ
ԭ׽̽о죬õս䣬ίһɽ磬׽̣׽Ϊȡսס
һ̣ҶȻȻһ֮䣬鶼Ūˣͷβμ
׽̽о첻֪ظ߼ɽڣ֮дս־ڰɽ磬ǽٰɽ磬һ׽̣ʵȻŶȡսףڰɽ÷
ɽԭǸƺϽĴڣǧ䡢̩ӡ˼֮е֪ɽһɽսٸһɽϹսս׽̾΢Сᣬչڰɽ磬ӵ̫׽ǿǿľһͳɽİңŰ棬һɽ޵ôɣȻȥ߼ɽ磬ڸ߼ɽòŽɽ磬һɽ۷壬ɽ绹壬ȼҡǶļ壬вɵȵȣ
оԭһɣһɽ粻ֵȨӦûΪõڶսײҿһ֪ǧȫһ졣㲻ǻиûϢǸģԭ׽̸߲㣬ټп϶£
ͬǧһ̩ͬ⣬Ӧ֪ͷˣһõͷһưڸݣʱ֪ĸطܹƣжȡͷ
һǧħۣħǧ˼䣬ͰѰɽյúҶĵҲ˵˳ʧȥӰ档
Ϊߣɾ۷嶼δﵽȴ׽̽ʧĪȻҲвӰˣͨ׽̻ʲôʮ׽̸ĳʱ
ƣѰɽһϣСС޾ϸһһһ£Ժ̤ɽ϶дã
ʱû׽ټҶҲȥǣ̫ܻ࣬ḡˮ棬óħɽϸһݡ
飬ھͳΪ̫ػߣͼȻģ
һȥҶȻûгعһнչ򣬶λķжһһڻҷǿʵ£κҪ
һҶɵ鵤ҩΪҲǷҡֱϣһ۷塣
ɾǷ˽ݣȻû˽ôӣҶ˵һ׵ʮףҲǰʱ䡣
ƵĵҩҶȶ飬֮䣬һϢҶ֮壬Ȼͼ
ȫҶĨȥ֮ǰԺ䣬ҹ̫һ̫ԴͻȡΪ̫ػߡ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵﵽˮ׼Ƴɵɰ˽סŽףɵʿø̤ɸ߽ס
Ȼ⻹ԶԶҶȻڲͣɵһ渨ֵعе󷨡г񣬲鿪ͼ֮иδ⿪ƣҶȰ£ͼнƲ򿪡
Ժֻͼ֮һҶϣֱӿȫ˭ҶѾһ𿰱˵Ĵڣֱӿͼ
ΪȻҲǷҡֱϣǰŲɵͽף̤ףǳͬʿͨʿɾǶǧֻ꣬ǧ¡
ֿʼ
ڷһƬǺ֮УһɫǼ֮лͬһ貶ĿɫɽһֱȽձĴǺΪɺǷɽֻһЩӵһƸʵˣŻӵȸ߼ߡ
ɫɺǷ࣬дŹϵһ֣
ҲڷɺǷһͼλʻȥ̫֮λ档
͸ɺǷ͸Կռ侹Ȼʮ־޴ڲռҲӵƽҲ׽̽ͽھһһϰƵ۵Щ֮⣬ȻΣͷֻ˲ӵеĸ߼Թ⻷
ǣȻˣһͬһɣͬһ壬ǵ綼һɫġ֡
˹Ȼͬ죬һ߸ϣͷޱȴϢŷһߵߣٷ
ٿٿ
λ׽̽ͽǰǿգһˣˣȻʧ̩Ĺ档
ʱ֮ڣһĿԹҫͷһӣ֮лһŽӰתӡ
Ӳ˼ǣƤȻû˼ϢףһȾѪ֮ǰֱˣƺҲԣõһ졣
ɽȻҶȡΪӮˣĵ̩λɽ׽̣Ҳ֪
һɵӣһ氵Цš
棬ζΣ
Ȼһڼӵ£ɺǷһƬӡռӶʮòȴ˲ɣºۼ˸ӢԹҫ˸˫֣ϴЦݡ
漱æվ֮󣬳ӹʩ񣺡٣лΪµ壬٣ɾ̥ɵپˣԸң
úãұʹںܴԵ֣һ߲ǰ䣬ʬ뷲磬ȴںϣʱʼһӣӰͬʥһǫ͡
룬ںʲôѪ
Цû뵽ŵõʬ壬һҶߣһںϣںϵ壬Ȼǰɽ糬壬ҵһλ߲ڲˡ
ԭˣ澹ȻɾһԾϦ֮䣬ͳΪһˣȻһĪϵ
꣬ҪΪ½һɣݴ½һɣϧʬ壬һߣǱҶߵһߣܵ壬һҪһȴû뵽֮󣬾Ȼӵܹͨڵļ壬һٳ˸߸ϵˡ
һжԵ壬һҶҲ壬ɾҶȣõ񼣴Уһ壬ȻҲ浽ֲһֱأȻ˺С
ǲΪӪɱ


477 ɱ
еʧȻˣ仰һҲûͷȴΪһˡ
棬Ϊٴͷɣʲô˰ңΪɽʱʹһλҲ⣬úΪٰ£ɽΪΪ
빫һץһɫȳˣһȣʱ棬¹ڳ
٣´Ӽӳ죬ҲΪЧң
汰ϥ빧ǰµӣŵ֪ʲô׽̵ˣԼͷǿߣһһһҶȵķնɱͷڴϣ
ǵǸ֮ϲһСϣöȡͷȷʵǱĪȻ˵
һƺҶȺ޵ҧгݣɲҪСˣ٣նɱˣԸ׽̣жȡͷзǷͨնɱ˵
Ǹ
ʱͻȻȣ˾Ƿˣ϶һλˣ½磬󲿷編סǸҶȣһںһλ棬ʵܴﵽ۷壬˲£նɱˣȷǸ
ҶȰҶȣĵطңҵĵط㣬ҵķâᱻڸǣɣ
δ˭ҲʱǺֱ顣
һ鷲ˣɱ˾ɱˣʲô̩λ棬ҲҪ䣬棬нõսϢ湦湦ٻ㲻Ͻﵽɾúøɣ׽̣Ͳüɵ׽̽о죬һɣĿǰӻǶ֣ɽֳٲδأζȡͷپͻҸ߲㣬׽Ŷ
뵭˵֮䣬û׽̷
׽̿϶ӵսһ֣򲻻ɳ֣ٷ磬ȡ̩еͷߣ֪׽ӵսܣҪңԸ׽̣׽̵õһսס
ȻִڣΪߣȳ²֣ҰĲС˼һᣬͻȻ¹򣺡٣һҪά£׽ʹһµѽͽϴ׽̣³ɣҲŹ£ͷεȱ׽̿϶ǲŹ£
棬һŶ裺㵹õģٶȡͷȻߣû˺㣬Ǳұۣ׽̳ҪģӵɰɽҰģݲȻҲݲŰҲʼע׽̣þҪ׽֣
й仰һٴҲԸ⣬һӵõͷм㣬ʼͽֺ롣
ɶ񡭡
ʱ׽̾޽֮УһؼһֱһһˣȻĪȻ
û뵽ᱻ̩λ棬޷ϵҪ̩λ棬ǰԸȥϢǰ׼
ĪȻӶΰϢݳȥϧ̩λ̫ңԶ̩λ棬Ҷ͸ӦĴڡ
Щţǲ׽̽ͽűúøɣҲǣϾʹﵽ̩λ棬Ȼ룬ҶӺδ
һʱͷ

һȥҶȴ̩Ĺع̫λ棬꣬ʿָ֮͹ȥˡ
Ҳ̫꣬Ϊ̫λ棬ڵʮ򣬶˳ǳءԼ̵ȵȣ̫ҵ۹ҲԷչֻҪ̫ҵ۹ͳһ
ּ´ɰ˽׵ϹŶʼ콻ɵȵȣ̫٣֮ǰȻؽ֮УϾһʱ֮䣬һʥأԸı䡣
ҶҲ̫ǵعչأʼټ̫ҵ۹ڲҶҵӡҶԶҶȵȣоʸɵȵȡȻ졢껡;Ŵ󻤷ɢҲټЩǿߣǱҶȫǿߣԶܱѡ
ټȻҪõɵһ̫λչ棬һ̸Ž
ΪҶƵɵһҹ֮䣬˾Ϳλ̫ǱϢ֪ǵɸ߽ǿߡ
ҶҲ׵ˣҶԶҶ졢ࡢԼһŮҶʸЩˣǶͻɾ꣬ǾͻȡϹŶΪ̫ҵ۹
ţ
̫ǻʼҽ֮У븸ҶԶĸܽһˣںԺ֮Уܼ֣֮ͥȻҶһǳ֮⡣
ҶԶüͷһĸܽץס˫ֻ֣Ҷ̤ţҶԶδҶ־㵱飬ʵȶĪ·
һֲõԤУȻƺʲô̫λ桭ָоһҶҲ޷ȥӦ
ȶ㲻㸸׵ĺ㻹λ֮еˣıӻ֮£ǧκʧȥɣܽĸޣӿһҶȵĻ
ҶȳΣʮСʱһ˶δúž۹񣬼һӲһꡭ
ȶ׵Ļȥɣжõŵ£ҶԶɫͻȻ̩ͬɽҶѹ
ãȺɣ
ҶȲԥΪһӰʧ
Զ磬ĶӣǼĸҶ뿪ĸ˲һûڲ֮С
ϴк£
̫֮ϣҶǿգгɻ󣬺ȻħΪһħһԣæʵ
Ҷȵƺһǿڸλ桭ȴ޷ץס
ҪˣʵָףκηѾ޷ҵħۣ
ħмָ߳üһĨʱħܣħ۴üͷų
һħ⣬ͬǳ֮⣬ע񷣬Ȼֱ뿪̫λ棬ﵽƮ޵ǳ
ƺûκ춯
ʮ֮󣬳ħȻڷǿѰţǿգǲ̫λڲǿᲢ۵ģ֪жƮ죬ңԶ
ҶһɻδҶˡ
ԣ
ͻȻħһðһħõħǿңƺںǳʲô˼壺ϴ󣬾λ֮ⲻԶ򣬾ȻһɺǷȻλ
ɺǷ
ҶһȻйթɺǷҶһҲİ̩һʱɺǷһҿռ䷨֮УҲ̩˵ɽдɺǷϵˣһλӵеķ
һɺǷͨ˲һˣУƺкܶϢ˸һʮˣ
ħͻȻջħ⣬Ϊ㵵ؿħ
һҶۼӿ죺ʮˣ
ԣ󲿷ֶɣмɣһ𣬻ﵽ۷壬ƺҪͻƴɣʮˣԦɺǷֱӳλƺͳģ
һħӳħͫͷųҲܵһ˿Σ

Ҷüͷһֱûչת·̫򣺡ʮа˾׽ɳͷˣ£ҾһѪս²Ÿոս̫λ棬Ҫ֣֮û뵽ΣôͻȻ
ħɱޣҲû취£ô˽٣ҸͨûпƶǳԽǧ˴ڵǿߣϴ󣬿Ҫ취һҪЩȫ
ţ
ڴʱһϤѾõλĳʱմݳҶһץ֮󣬾ȻĪȻݶϢ
Ҷ˷ܴ̾ǼʱԭЩˣ׽ģɽǿߣǰɽҵˣ
ħңǰɽ糬壬ֻȰһЩѣҪ׽Ӵ̫࣬ø棬һ׽̽ӣȻɽ糬
һֱصĽȻɽϵôһɽֱΪͷˣĪȻ׽̽ӣ汻£Ǳ̫λ棬ҪѰҵټƺѾ϶ͷϣ
ҶȻħ
ô˵㣬һٰ£ȡͷǺǣããҾһ㣬䲻⣬¾壬ʮˣȫնɱȥ޻أ
ħͻȻ뵽ʲô¶Цݣϴһ׳ǵ갳ݺɽĳֶ֮һһóɹ԰ʮˣȫѹ
΢΢Ҷ֪ħʵŶε˵ã
ںϣͽСħ󡯣ͨɲɵۼ֣ʵȴҲܰЩ˱編ѹסһɣ
ħħ⾼˵
ħ󣡡
ֵħʮУҶǿŲģҲ˽ָͫȻ˸ЩģϾʮˡ


478 Դ
ϴҪҵһ򣬰ɴҪʮˣ޻ء
ǿ֮ϣħ𾲾˵
ȻҪԶ̫򣬷꼰̫ҵ۹ȥ޾ȥһΣʮƫƧ඼ǨˣʺϷˣ
һ󣬺ȻԺһǵΪʥپ޾򽵷껡;˵
ಣ
ûʩչǧͼҶȾħֱӳ޾ȥңңǿճǺۡ
ǣɣ
ʮ˾ͳųľ޾֮УĴһҶһ˵
򣬲޴ھͰΪħϴҪһˣҪɣ
ħͻȻһ죬˾ͳϿգҶҲΪһ籩һԡ
ҵ壬ԻΪѪغޱ޼ʣħ۾ҵǰҵķȫڸ߼ɽ磬޷ʹãϴξҪ칭ǧͼǧͼ߿ռħ仯УҲ·
칭ˣҲûʲô칭ħƣʺʹãɱʲ
ħ֣ҪҪҶԼˣһҲ
ȥɣ
֪Ҷ붼룬ֱӷһץѴǧͼ칭ʹħС
û뵽ûɽ磬ȰɽǿԺҽɽ磬һ·֪Σ
ħץס칭Ȼ񷣬̾
ҶȾȻûгħǰţɣʲôҡңҪҳƣɽ죬Ҫκǿ߶Ҫ
ãھͲħ󣡡ħ칭׼
ˣѾڵ깦ʮεӣһǱһɽ𵤻Ҫõı
Ȼ뵽ʲôҶһץ̺˵ϢĹҫħȥ
ԺҶõ⣬ž粻ĵӣ
ಣ
ħӣͻΪһħӰǾϵ򾧱ϵûŵ껾ŴǿǨƣʧȥ⻷Ȼ̡
һĻ֣ħͻȻΪѪˮһεβϵص뾧ϵڲ
ʵṩֶǿֲһҲڻ£Ժﵽɡɽλ涼ɣ
ȻʶħһδֶͨΣһλޱȣ廯ΪѪˮɡɡ޷ֻдﵽɵ۾е޵ͨһѪǶһӡ
νǧǳħͨ
ҶҲǾϵУʼעǿͷų̫⡢̫һħħ
̤ɾҶʵﵽԽ۷壬ﵽɾƾʵȫնɱһˣɶ޷ԸˣſԸɾ޴в
ÿһѪȻڲ򳾰֮УΪһӣ˼鰡ҴﵽɾҲ޷ӵͨǧһѪͿԸˣ
ڲڷı䣬޴򣬾ȻΪ޷ؿռ䣬Ҿϵ֮У̺һֻҶܸӦĿֲԪӡҶճħԪ񣬵ҶκϢܴ
ĪȻڳ̫λ桭
һ£Ҷųħͣħ̺޷۸еĿռΣǴǧͼһǣҲҪǧͼħԶڿռһ֮С
ֿռ֮⣬ȴںһƩŵĺ޵зӡаͣΪӣٵӲУаɣΪаͣǺ޵ʵҲһ󷨣һ󷨿ռѡ
ħħֻò˼ݣһΪռɶ޷ɡ
ȻһϤԪڳ̫λ棬ĪȻϢҶȴϲ˼Ȼۣ糱˴Ȼ˵ƣ뵽һð취ĪȻһҵˣҪûģҶ֮Уʱħ֮Уնɱˣ͵ϮҸ֣
üƲߣϴֵģҾӦϣݻʮˣһһ֪ʱʵﵽεȾ磡
Ǿϵ̴ħͬյЦ
뵽ҶȷĪȻ꣬ƿλ汾Դ˲ͬǳԶȥ
̩λ浱һ֮Уһ۵ĪȻ֮Уȴʲôˡ
ĪȻ
ûãһӰͬλ籩ɲ֮䣬׼ȷسĪȻǰǸҶȡ
ˣЩͼˣ׽ʹߴз̳뿪׽֮󣬾ҲûϢֱһλ̳棬ص׽̣׽̺̩λ棬ȻɽϵϣΪ߹
һҶȣĪȻȲ˵ǰһһҶȡ
Ҷ֮ȴûֳһ˿㵣ŷһжԤϵȻָλ棺׽̳ǧ䣬ˣѾնɱ̩λΪ̫λ棬̫ҵ۹һͳλ棡
ϲˣһͳλ棡
ĪȻ־ϲû뵽ҶȹȻΪһͳλ棬𵱳ҶǾʵ֮£ĪȻЩɣȴû뵽̶̼ʮʵˡ
ֵһ䣺ˣһʮˣ빫£Ѿͻ٣ɾˣһʮˡˣֱӴɽ½ŷԤıãҪϣһͷ
һĻǣԣݴ½ǲݵĶͷǸֶεȻһɣ빫Уз
ɾˣﻹǿһ£Ҳ֪˺εֶΣΪ已̥̤ɵģԸʮˣмƻڼƻ֮УҪûģ
ٿ
˵֮䣬ҶȾתһ򡢾Ѫͬħһ㣬ԻΪѪˮҶֻѪ飬λΣգ֮䣬ͷţҶȾȻĪȻһģһκ
ңϢҲȫͬģΣҲûκβ
ʵ˰ĪȻһģһҶȣֲԼҶȣǹ񹤣컯
ҪһйŴ򹷣Ӧϣʮȫնɱ
ҶȼţĪȻĪȻһﵽɾ۷壬Ҳð꣬ͳƽٳɣ̫´㹻ɷ
лˣĪȻһʱѪڣɣǶôƮ󣬵ʶһˣͶ˳ڴ
Ҷֶ䣬ĪȻ͸̫
ƻû׼ãҾȴϢȻȥң桭֮УҶȿʼ
̩λ棿
ʱһɺǷʻ̫λ棬ɺǷʧʮϢͷųÿϢصʮ
ҹӣվ֮ϣ̫λ棬Ȼȣλ汾ԴΪһ壬ȷƿأǸҶȣ֮ںλ棬Ҳһţɽ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣɽ֮˺֮࣬νֶǣ
Ҳû뵽ҶȾôںһλ棬һλΪ̫λ棬ţΪһõͷҰҲ
ͷϹɴľ˵һˣɽһɣҲ޷пҪսףٶеĳ
ͷڷУ˾ǷˣһȺϣͷǷģֻϧһ編ѹƣ޷ӦҶȴڣ֮λںϣѰң
һأƲУ֮ͫУܿóͷռôǿҡ
ӷģãЩϸ϶ܲҶ䣬˵õͷһĳطһͳλ棬϶κ˷֮ʣһֱز
ŷҶһж˽⣬֮У˵ӿϲ
žǿգȴһͷ޷Զϱ黺أٵһʲô£Ϊ׽ǷյϢһо֪ͷ˵½ȡһɣһ½磬ǱҲ޷⣡
׽ʹߣ̩λǧ䣬ʵ׽̲һģ˼Ҫҵͷ϶Ҫ׽Ϊã϶ͷ̩λ߸׽̣һ˿׽̳ỳɣȵʱ򣬹ӲõͷΪǿ׽̣󻼣ӵͷϢһ׽̴ȥӽգң˵Ҫ֣֮
չǹལƻ롣
㵹˵ϣȡͷҪϾۼݻ׽̣о죬˱
ͷɽ۶ı뻹֪֮ƥﻳĵκ˶ס
ѽ룬Ҫ֣׽̣õ׽ǷսףȻ㣬ȡͷ
¶һЦ


479 ɱ
ţӣһŷ鵽ҶС䣡
֮Уʮ˻̫λɶɶȥϢɱ
ʱȻüЦæ˵һ仰ϲ̴ʮ˳ͬǰȥ
޾ھһ֮ϣΪĪȻҶȣ򾧱ϵ
ಡ
գ֮䣬һ޴ҫңԶǿͻأؽΪʮֳҫѹȥ
̳Ѵ̫ҵ۹ڲҶҸ߲е֪̫ҵ۹Ҷȣǰ֮ŷҪһ
ҶӾϵ֮лûǰ˵
һʱĪȻĪȻãǲ㣬ɱҶȣͻḨΪ̩λˣƨ̫λ棡
һ
ҹӣʵǿ룬ͻȻȣһĪЦ̰ͫҶľһû
ҶȻ˻֣ҶȾ˵ǰ˵ҲôģҶ϶ֻҶ֪ǰʮֹ죬ƺһԪʱʱޣУ
֮Уһײ󷨣סκηʿ˵ʲôߣǱ򣬳䲻ɱҶȴˣֱӶ֣һһ޷򣬴˾ͻߣϾΪλ֮һмԦλͨҪ
ߣ
һУǣҶȻ˶֮УСһλҲûУܿҪǡ
빫ӣȻɲ⣬һΪѲɣɡ
ڼ룬ӶԷϢ֮УҶȸоκξϢڻǷˣȴҲܸӦ˾磬빫ӣص֮ضǳԽɵĴڣø棬ȻһõȮ죬ʲôˣ˲֪ѵһ֪׽̣϶׽̴ﵽԼĿģ޷׽ֿ̣ʼңƻΪãҲõսס
ͨУʵں֮УԦκҶҲʵʵˣȴһЦıƣңҲضã˸죬£ƻˣǲֶΣһһҪնɱڴˣɽ磬ɽǰɳ磬ҪɱͲףδᣬɱ
ƵħѾɣ칭Щ˭ǳƶ֣Щ˵ˣʩչҲʮţƻħһɣ
ʱ˿̣롢ѽǣҶɱһңնɱ˵ʱ̡
ڲûκι֮Сġ
͸ϵһʮ˽ڲƮ֮ϣ·˶أٿóǳ
˼ǰУطȥʱ˷㣬ȣκι졣
쪡
Ȼ֮䣬˿磬ϯأüͷ𣬷ֿ֮ӿаѪƣ𽥸ıɫʣֻؾɱΪѪɫ磬ѪƷڣռŤһһŷռڱ仯
һ˲м󷨣ϧкξ壡
֮УȻһ취Ϣ˸ǰ
ͻȻҲʲô뿴ǰŤ磬Ťؿռ֮УŷҪѰҵͷͲС
Ҳͷž⣬Ť羡ͷӣҶӦѾǵ֪޷뿪Ҳ޷ˣֻͷȻϣ
λһõҵλǶҿʼɢȥ˷Χɱȥһ鷲ˣӲģ
ಡ
뼸̷ŤѪɫռ䣬Ҳ뼸˽ŷȥ˿ʼķɢȥ
ϴ󣬹Ⱥ֪ˣõͷҾͰͷŵһ˵ϹӦϣȫɱ⣡
һȻҶȶ
ҶڨڨһЦβһ˶ȥ
ɣСһͬ·ɣ
һֻаѪɫŤռ䣬ҶȾͼæˣߣؤˡ
˺ݺݵ˵Ҷȣû˵һ䣬ѪɫռȥҶڨڨһЦ̸ȥ
⵽ʲô󷨣Ȼ޷Ӧ編򡭡תתȥתȥϢҲȫ룡
ħ֮Уǧռ֮ڣ˺Ȼ룬ȥŷҲڣһ˵ǹϢȴΪβˣ
йթƺ˿Ƭռ䣬˸Ϣ޷ӦܣǿˣǳǸ߼󣬷ô޷ӦϢ
һûҵڣ˻֮Խ֣оҲԽԽԣУƺһ˫۾ڶǡ
ţֵܣϢֳˣ㿴ǰ
ʱһŤѪɫռ䣬ǰ
ಡ
˶û˵Ҳ޼ɵֱӷѪɫռ䡣
ǣ
ͻȻͻأֵѪɫռ֮˷ֳһ±ˣ˽һƬѪɫ֮У·ѪڷڣһаħϢϴѪ֮ͷųԽԽңͬ硣
꣡
ѪͻһѪݴѪձըѪڿռɢţһεϡ
ѵв
˷ֽѪ磬Ҳ޷ӦκϢͬϢҲ޷ӦͷͬСɣҪ֪ɽ磬֮Ҳʧȥʧ
ݡ
Ѱҳ·֮ʣѪͻȻһѪɫ֣ʮֻ䲻⣬Ѹײڶ֮Ʋסˣ޷Ӧգ۾Ѫء
߽ˡ
ѪͻȻӿȻһȼŻѪˣǳħʧѪ֮У˲ûһУһѪð֮󣬾û˶
գ֮䣬ѪҲʧŤռ䣬δֹ
ΪҲ·
һƬѪɫռ䣬һʮꡢӥǵͷſֲɵƣɷڿռȥ˺ѿռ䣬ȴֽһѪɫռ䣬ûоͷ
ɣƺߣ㿴
ҶȺȻָͣǰѪɫռ䣬һĿռƺⲻͬһתҪɹȥ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬һ׵ͻȻ壬ڵĿͷţͬʱһ˸Ĺʥǹ˺ֱš
ȿȡ㡢㡭ɶ񣡡
׵ƺ޷κתһȻУ΢Ҷȣ˫ͷ׵磬ֳֹʥǹԸΪǿʵ䲻͵Ϯˡ
ɹ
ҶȻѹʥǹŰγƺͣⶼŤţҶȼ״һЦ㲻ᵤ׽֮һףǵߵķ޼˻ףȫѾɢҲѣҵĹʥǹ̴࣬ûһ˿ᣡ
ӥƣҲ޷ţһϣˣ㾹Ȼ˲ҵĻҵûʵѵҲˣ
ôҾһ鷲ˣУô΢Ҳں˵Ŀȴ͵Ϯǣң壬Ľ𵤣ɵͳͳҪգ
Ԫɣ
ǰˣҶһ˾һˣϧĻôƣҲ뵽˻ɱʵ̼Ԫ񣬽ʶ֮У˾ȻҪ
ʶǿԪ󷨣ҶȻǵһμһ̫һͰʶȫƻ
ˣԪǿ֮ҵΣ̤һո磬壬Ҿʱӡ

һѾҶԪˣ־Ҷ򣬶ָĴ䣬ȴҶġ
ټֻЩͨһƷƷƷҲǺܲʯʮţɽ籦ȻȲ̩Ҳ٣
ȻмʮҩԲͬɵʱҲȡߣѽָв޽䣬һöɽ索ˣҶȴǺñٲƱװ¡
ǵڶˡ
һŤռʧˣҶȽһ֮УѰҶ
ҶͶħָƣܿƴǧͼÿռסˣްѣ˳ɱһˣҶѾڶĿʮΪ͵ˣǶĽ׵ס
ԭҶʵֻȼһף޷սʤסĽף˭ҶħԻˣߣҶõĲֶΣ͵ϮҶȫ͵ϮˣֻҪɣҶȫһɱˡ
ħڲ֪תЩ˿»δ֣˭ħɵۼֶΣǴɡҲҪԴοЩ˲ɡɡ
Ҫǳħﵽ磬ħɰΪѪˮ


480 ԹԾ
ƹȻ֪ʮˡ
ֽһƬѪɫռ䣬洦ܿƯаѪˮԺȻħЦ̶̹򣬾Ȼʮˡ
Ҫ֪ħÿһˣʵȻʮˣȫ֮󣬳ħҲﵽĽסףһʩչħͨ޵У԰ҹ붼ɡ
ħԽǿ󣬶Ҷ˵Ͷһ㱣ϡ
ΪͷϢٲͬߡ
һѪɫռ䣬żˣͬһ׷ͷϢ׷Ѱȥ޷׷ϡ
Īйթ
ڼ׷ͷȴħһɣһ޵ɣڰɽһλܸߵĹӣʶ㲩ͨȻɻ
һˡʯ٣ɵҲв٣رЩɵȥɽ磬кܴ
һƬ׹֮Уһ˱Ҷʩչ޼˻͵Ϯ֣̫ϣƤսˡ
޼˻׿Զźڰݺ硢꣬޼˻֮£Ҷȵõڰ񴫳У̳޼˻ףҶ̤ɽ磬ֿԸɳһ춯ش¡
Ҫȫٿ޼˻ҲףϹ߼һվգ仯ݣҪȥĥҶڲֻ޼˻װƤë
뷣
޼˻սʬ壬еɫ׵˸ͬһڱߡ
ˡɱˣֿ϶ѲҪһ֣ҪȫԸһɱ
ӡˣѾʬ壬ˣҶ֮󣬿̤ɶסףĽףʵԽԽǿһɽ磬ͲǵͽˣԻһλ
ˣ
뿪һռ䣬ҶͻȻˣȥ˸ҶȣҶȴһβͣ˦˦
λֵܣ
ҶѰ˼ţҪζ֮ʱͻȻһҶϤѵд͸
ԭ֣
˻δˣͱȭӭ
Ȼ棬ôͻȻҶüͷһ壬֣ԤϣȻѾΪ˵棬Ϊһգ۾ʹһռ
浽֮ǲҶȣȻ˵λ󷨺йŹ֣жΣ̫Ѿвֵʧȥϵҵȼ˺βһͬѰңñ˰㣡
˱˴һͷֵԼǣ
˾ۼ泯ҶϺȵĪȻҲһ̳Ϊ֮Уֻ·һ
ǣ̳Ҷȹ

ͻȻҶԱߣԱһˣͻأҶȳ֣ٶ̫죬ֱһƾҶȺ󱳣֮УȻдһȻǣͬݺݴҶڡ
¡
ͻȻɱ޷ҶȾһŻգըĿ棬γһĿĻ磬ŷҪһУң˿ҲҶӰӣŷѱյûΪҽ
ǳˣϳڨڨЦݣʵ֣СϹȻй죬һˣûе촷ۣȷʵһʵôִӲԾ
Ҳûֲף֮УֵʧȥϢȻҾ뵽ҵˣ϶й˵
ҡҡͷϧˣ˱ġơ˲ҲҪˣһ鷲ˣճɻҽ޷׳ʲô
ֵƵȷأ̤ɣͷһͨԱһֵ˸͵
û뵽ҶСߣһӣҺ÷ֵ硭濴ŻԽԽǱ䣬ɱʼڡ
ݡ
ˣĿŻʧһʥǹƿն
Сģ
˷Ӧ죬ǹӰ̳һ̣һҲ졣
ڶӦΪһӰǹӰ֮ǰ
뷡
һѪӰѪͬչʱǹӰ֮ǰֻһѪۡ
ˣӦͦ죬ˣҲҪһǹ֮£
ǹӰͻأһӰͻȻǹӰͣסһռ䣬ǻΪĪȻҶȡ
Сӣܣһˣ˱ƣȻû
ŴѪ۵գִҶȣóһƿһҺͿĨ˺ۣѪ۽ʧ
ҪôǧΣ
һǿԼˣҶȾȻЦڳм
㲻ĪȻ
һңĿҶһʥǹ֮ϣȻ·Ŀ⣬ڹʥǹϤҶȹõֶΡ
棬ҵѣΪɣҡһ䣬ͶңΪУҶ֣
˵棬ҶϢı䣬޿ʼͷţòĪȻ̻ΪҶȱ𣬺Ȼǰ
˲ɾȵƹǻΣ
Ҷȣ֨֨ĦȫѪҺһ䣬ͻȻץһɽֱӳҶȻӳһն˲ҲʩչͬȣջһʵӰ

֮УһĿǣһʥǹһɽཻ֮
˵ǽ棬ôɱң֮ˣҲɣɱУ
Ҷֳֹʥǹ治£նԳ֣ҶͻȻɫһ䣬һ
ͣ
һǻѪͻȻ³ҶƸо
˼״쳤ХΪƣһƶûУ㱻һƣ˵Ĳᰡ֣Ȼ֮ͽ㣬Ҫͷɣ
ƣһŲɼɱ˴ˣܵõɼɽ磬˵ɼ쳣˶Ҫ߽ȥǿ԰ӡ̫λ棬Ȼȥɽ磬֮Ҳ׬Ǯ
ȷ˵󲿷־㶼ɢҺ̫һǿ޵Уᱻһ
Ҷƣʼӣлָʵ棬һҪնɱ
յӣҲڴ߶̫¯ȼմʯҪþնɱ档
λɱˣһˣ
һƬƬɱҶȣͬҶȣ½ţɱҷҶң껹ϣһ壬̩λ棬һδԣ֮ޣһ㣡
˭ҲգҶȷʵΪһ壬ҶҶУЩѪ𣬶Ҫֻ棬Һܺ棬Ϊҡһ䣬ͳˣҺܺ棡
Ҳ޷Ÿ֣ݴ½һ֮أϹȺսƬ½еõʬ壬һߣǰɽһ߲֣ں֮ǡѪͨɽңƾͶңְͷ빫ӣۣҶȣұȣ̫Զ
ƺ̫ɱҶȣһͰ˳
û뵽һжйϵҵõ񼣴Уһ壬ͨңõһ֣һߵԭģ
һҶڻȻΪҡһ䣬ͳΪˣҲΪεƷţδǾ壬ԭҳܣܶδ׵飬ڶҵ˴𰸡
ҳΪˣĵһɼ齣
һζҶȣͻأ֣ɽŷƵɣһɵϢ߶ɽ
Ȼʩչ˲ƣҶȺɽջһ齣ħŤռ䶼˺ơ
úã棬ΪԶˣʶʶ޼˻ף
ҶͻȻһ񣬻Ӷʥǹһʩչ԰Ʈ޽ӭȥ
߳߳
ʥǹ̳˲䣬һ޼˻Ҷֱͫͬ䣬һֲŹʥǹ޽ײ

ʩչĽȻʥǹཻͬʱһ𣬽űһ޼˻׻Уȥ
ʲôף
һˣ𾪿Ҷףţʩչף˶Կ
ɶҶȣû뵽ʵ֮ǿȻսƽ֣ߣ齣ն񷣡
֪޼˻ף˹ȥɽɳշֻΪһӰɽ
һһôɽ齣һ
ʩչ޷죬ȻɽֻһƷȴӵ齣߶ͷųȶƷƷɽǷˮ𣬲öԸ
н֣ҶȾͿ治ͨһˣҪɱǼоܸ㶨ҪȫԸ


481 ɱ
ܴϸĩ֦ڿߣƽҵݣĻȻʵֲںһöԸ
ϸղƣ徭ڻľģ޷ȫָ޷ﵽ۷ˮ׼Ҫɱ棬ϼѣ
ʩչɽֻķɽҶֻлӶʥǹһһܣʮɽͬɣҶκλᡣ
һҪɱ̤ɽ磬նǣң

ӶʥǹһδɽײҶڽȥٶ޷׽ŷܿ׼ᣬҶ֮ʣʹ߶ɽҶȽΧ׷½ء
˲Ϣ֮䣬ķ˸˽ֲ֪ٴΣ˭Ҳûռơ
˾Ȼһף
ˣѪȫϣʱȻĿ£ͬ򽣹ڣҶ˷գɫ󾪡
Ȼһףصú
ͬ𺳵һףսһף·Σնɱɷˣ޶֣ȴδţ
ֻ޷ϵӡ
˳ԸӦϢֳԹͨԪ񣬽Լζ޹ȫռ
Ҷȣշɣͷ
ɽʩչ齣ϷֻɽʩչնɱͬȾ˵ĳֶΣҶȽڽ磬޷ɱ澹ȻҪƳҶȽͷ
滹ΪͷϣĿĹȻͷʲôҶǽڣ統׽̣
ڽ֮˸⣬ܣҶȿ޷ֶãȥҶһҲҶȴ˿Ҳ
۶һɽ̳ʥǹͬһž޹ըƱʩչ˲֮ٶȣǱȴ֡ܶǡôˮ
棬ͷȷʵϣõ𣿹ͶңβԼ׸ңɱ㣬Ҳһɽ
ҶȾȻйһǹལˣλҵˣֻҪԸͷλǲǿɱ棿
ֻⷬȴ˽ȥ༱æ˵λ䣬ó
֣ҼҹӿصˣܶͷӣȻһ·ˣûҲֻԳ֣
ˣƺҶһףҲƫ档
ղһȻãˣһٵԼ˿
ҲżļҪõͷߣƫҪţȻһɱ󣡡
ԭ֮һĲ񣬼֮ìܣңŷܵӰ졣
ֶսľǳɰһҪء
ǽ飡
淭־һץһ̺ǳ֮⣬Ű߲ƺСӣָһУҶȴȥ
ѵǽʲô֮
üóһǳӣͳ׽Ҷһ뱬ǽӺûо̺ʲô
뷣
ͻȻǽ֮˸ơ
¡
Ż˸ǽͻȻըһɲ˼Աըʽɢ˲Ҷըף·ûˣƤϵѪڣǡ
ҶȣǸӣǽɽ磬һֳõķʹܼ򵥣ô߶κֻҪ߶ƣͻᱬըһ׵㵹ǷӦܿ죬ͳ˲зϣ
һӣɽУҶǰסȥ·һץһűǽˡ
һǹªţһõٺô棬Ϊɱսʤң
ס壬ҶóһŴϽɻɵ̷ǣһʥů塣
бǽ飬ѵҾûУ
ɵȻԣղűǽըˣ֮ǰ͵ϮһƣҶƼأһɵڷϣңҶȷ֮䣬ץʮűǽ顣
ܣˣΪӵбǽ飿ԭˣնɱˣǴ˴õİɣ
һգۼҶһóʮűǽ飬涼ɵˣҲɵˣǽɽɲضǣϣҲֻʮš
ݡ
Ҷȼֱϧǽ飬ʮűǽֱ档
壡
ɫ䣬ųɲãɾһƽ׶Σʮűǽ֣ɽͻȻ壬תγһ¯
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʮűǽ鿪ʼұըһűǽԸǧףʮűǽͬʱըգ۾Ͱûˡ
Сӣ㵹һֶΣͷɣԿǲɱ㣬ɣң
˲棬ˣͻȻһҶΧ׷½أ֮УȻʼҶչڶݡ
ɱ棬֤Ƿ滰򣬼ʮ״Բ֣Ҳǰֵúô
ɽ磬ȻǶ֣Ƿ磬½磬󲿷ɽ編ƣʵҲһ׵ңںλ棬ץסңҲô׵ģ
أҶȻ治ɫԷ˵ȴսˡ
Ҷϣ˰ˣֵɱ棬ȻǿԣиҪͷóҵȿҲҪó
ҶһЦڿ֣ˣ˿ҲòͷǺεȱǻ֪ɣǹغ̫ɴ۴УˣҲʲôɣҪ뿴ͷûʸ񣡡
ɴ۴УһҲݣһ
ɽ΢Ĵڣɴߴ˵ȻҲȻȴ˽սףҶһ˵ʱĶˣΪҹӣ½Ѱұ
Сӣ㵹ܶ䣬빫ӹϵߣŲ֪ɽ磬֮࣬ɾˣɾˣǾеӣȴҲ޷ңúݶ˼֮أ
ʱ侲Դɻ֪֮ؤͱ뵱ʵۣǰǾؤ
ȿȡ
ƬըҲˣڰգҶǱؤȫ·ãѪ˴Ŀģҷŷ˺ԡ΢޾ԹҶȡ
˶汨Բм֮Աǣˣֵܣһɱǣȡͷӣ
Сӣɣ֣
һһֻƽֳҶ͸űһơ
񡭡
ֻҶȲûѡߣֱһӲϣˣȴǿʵ˸סˡ
Сӣֲɱ㣬һƣ㶼ܽסϧǸţҪˣƣ
ҶȵסΪ⣬ǹϷ֣һƣָչҶͬӥץСץ
䡭
һб֮ǰһУʮֹʩչҶȸӲ
ڴʱҶ·һڨЦֻһֻѪ֣ץƿռ䣬ֱӴǰһһ÷飬ѪٶȻӿ죬˻ץסԴֱѪ֮С
⡭
ŵôҴ£æתߡ
һϣӡ
Ѫٴ󣬰֮һץƬռ䣬ˣһͬġ
ҶȿգƣȥæİɣɲöԸ
ϴģ뽻˻𣬴˵ȷǿ½ϻɰ˽ʵһɣ
մħն

ڴ˿̣ƺû뵽ҶȻУʮˣգ۱ɣŵͻʩչ˲ߡ
棬ΪҺ׼ɱɣ
ƺԤϵҪߣҶһ˫һץʧǷռ䣬ͻȻᣬΪѪӰɽƴѪӰռҿ޷ռ䡣
컯ȭʽԵ
һʥ⣬Ҷ˫ȭ֮ǰŷһȭͬʥŭѪӰɨ
ҡʡ
ʥâ֮£˻ߵĺǰ԰ףգ۾ûκϢ
棬ǿһУ·Ϣɣ
ղһУݺᣬʥµƣҶͻɾ컯ȭʽֳȭԵ
컯ȭһʽڶʽ죬ʽԵÿһʽһҶȾ粻ԽԽ춯أ񷡣


482 
̤ɾ컯ȭٴݱʽԵڵɽ٣ӵڰõ޼˻ףҶӵɱС
컯ȭռ컯йֻ̺أ졢ԵǶ߲ϵĥ컯֮һﵽ󾳽磬Ż컯֮
棬ƾͣңҲֻи׳ƳԹ˶ϣҵƿһأұ̤ɽ磬ɽ̨ʣ
ŰԵʥ֮Уһпռʥ¾ΪΪӣʼѪɫ
һɽһöƮ㣬ŷʧȥЩҲʧȥ
ಣ
һץɽץģ봢䣺ϧռڶǷ籦ɽ籦ٺ٣ȴŵŽɵͼ
ɨһۣͰѴ޽䣬ٿɽһƷеļƷлӡ齣һ׽
ɽͬ죬һֻȴûиϡ٣Ժ󽻸˭ɣ뿪磬̫λ滹Ҫһɽ齣ٿԶԿˣݺᷲ޵֣
һɽ޽䣬ħͨƣô
ϴ㲻Ҫ֣ζò˵һֶΣȻ½ʵṩɸ߽ס
ħ˻Ƶն
̫أ޷ɱˣˣóȥԸǣȥ뵽кεͨ
ٿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾͻΪֱŲƿռȥѪɫռ˵һҲİ߶ǧͼϢƿһпռ䡣
ĲĲĲ
Խռ䣬ƺﵽռոҪһƬѪɫȼյĿռ䣬ռ䣬ʵǳħںϴǧͼͨĿռ䣬Žռ䣬һֵص
룬빫վռ䲻Ϸ˰ͬȽȽӳڣΧƯһģγɼ̲ɴݵķв
žžž
ѪӰΪѪħȺ룬ģͱըɫ棬һѪħɡ
ɣȻҲˣʩչôѪħԴԴ˫ûнս˼Ҫ˭񣬼ֵ󣡡
ڲѪ֮УҶȰȴţⷬսսò֣ȳưĲ࣬ٳ͵Ϯ
ֽ֣κأҽ
ҶȾڰʤܵĲء
룬Ҷ̰йͨƣӿѹȣҪ޷Ϣʱһұʩչ컯ȭ󷨣
ٺ٣ˣȻͷɽ編ɽ編Ʒ編򣬲Ȼʰǣھʩչ칭Ϸڲݣ
ͻ
Ѫɫռ񷣬ͻȻһΰȼյѪͬħֱռ䣬
Ʒ
·ˣǳʶѪһ˲䣬͸оԵƣһ֧Ѫ

أ˫һץΧȻһŽգѪŽͻȻһ󽣡
ǲֶΣ룬Ȼûгħ̫λҪһǿߣ²ɽ幫Ӷ֣
ʥŽգͨ۶ɣŷɣ磬޴ƣŽһ󽣣ʵ֮
¡
Ѫײը
ಣ
һ֧Ѫһ֧һ֧һ֧ѪͬѪɫǣ񷲻ϻ
Ĳ
Žշһ֮֮ͬյſŴ죬һҲ
ֶ棬Ѿ漰칭ϣҲӲڵ֮һҪǶ룬ֻб⣡
գǾʲ˼鳡棬һ̾Ϊֹ
Էʲôˣ
Ѫһδζײǿޱȣ뻹ڲȼɽ編򣬵ɽʵѪɫ񷣬ͫ𺳣Ƿˣһֿɵ־־ڷˣѵҵĶ֣һԽɵˣ
·һ˵ӣȥǰ취ҵȼɽ編ԴԴԷҲԴԴȥǲ֪Ҫּ꣡
ݺɽ꣬ûߣܶԷ˭ñٳ˴ܴ裬òɱ
뱾Ҵӣȥﶼǹû뵽ڷ磬ȴ˴ûƢɱ˺ۣĻý˽ԡ
С
ͻȻħħݶѾҪļ꣬ûǸʸͷʲôҶϣһ鷲ˣֻǱһӣܶѣɽһħһɣξҪ㣬뱾ͷ
󾪣ʲôɽһħɣ
ȻɽɽڴսϾҪܰңССңҲû³
ħ໴Ц
ƹȻ˼ܣһζϣʲôɽ磬һͲٶԸ̫λ棬ΪһΣ
һҶȾħ⡣
һɽѹ룬ɽһֱΣķл׽ͻ֮ԻΪɽɽսɽɽɽʵ˫ɽ綼ѶԷɡ
ԭɽǰһֱɽϵҶѣҲҵˣͷͲҪˣ׸ǰ뾹Ȼ
룬ʲôۣѵҷŹ㣬һ뱾ƿأͻҸԱѹ㼿Ϊ֪ɣ
ħһеģȫ˵˳һ䣬һֻֻѪϵͿռ䡣
ֲӵоƷӣ˾㲻ɽĸ֣һǰɽ֣֪ΪΣҲ֪ͷϢҪ㹫ӣ̫ǿȥǲ
һȰ˵롣
ɶҪҳͷͻᱩ¶ȥ˵Ҫ𷣣ҲҪͷ֣֮
ȻƷŽգһ󽣣Ȼħʩչ칭ͷŵѪƾУһһƻ
ã´ǼӴӡӳȥ
ǣӣ¶һ˿Ц⣬־벻ʧһһͷɵɽʵͷų
뷣
һɫ⣬룬ȻʼѪɫռ˺һӣһɫȻڵ˸⣬ǴǼɢġ
࣬Կƣһ˺ռ䣬ʱԲ뵽˳ħǣҵĴڣ
ʥǹɣ
ħԿһ˿ռ䣬ڲ˺ռӣԽǿңʱҪƿնȥƺǼʮֲʱȫûעķΪû뵽˳˳ħ𣬻ˡ
ಡ
ͻȻǳ֮ӣȻȻΧ
ǡǽ飡
ȻоΧ춯Χŷּűǽ龹Ȼӿռ䣬ð˳
䣡
ʱǽѾ뻹δʩչͱըˡ
ӣҲܵըû뵽Ȼ͵Ϯ
ɶ񡭡
ɣǧ䡢ȵģһɫ԰ףǱرը֮ӳ
һķ˭˭ҷ㣬Ĳ㣡
ݡ
ڴʱǣһӰƿֳֹ߳ʥǹһǹݺݴ̳
񡭡
һǹʵ̫죬ֳ䲻⣬Ͽռ䣬˷ʤһǹֱ߲ŷ֣֮ʣʥǹԼۣһʥǹȻ۸ˡ

ƺ۱ϣҲգۣŭ˫һҶȶţͫһ⣬Ҷȥ

Ҷȸ֣ȻѾ̫һ壬˻Ǳɡ
ߣ
벻ϱۣĿ⣬һ˻⣬ͬʱֲɽ編ʼըһдݻ٣˾޹˲ˣһۡ
˷ըʾʵһ̶ըˣͳȥ
СӣɣٲŹǵģ
ǿ֮Уһ䲻ĵĻʧߣ˵ʲôб±ߣ¾ʰ֮Ļ
ɽ綼һȵĹӸ磬ȴڷ˴һۣܴ裬ܶ飬ҪҴɨء
¡
Ҳʧ˲䱬ըڵ⣬κʡϵΪ˳ڻ֮лΪҽ


483 ̤ɽ磨1
ǣһ˶УըΪλһɳ
Ǹ鷳롭뿪ұϱ֮ͷ϶½
ӰԦһƬѪɫռӴը֮ȽȽѪɫռ俪ʼħΰֳҶһƲᣬɵڼٻָ
ɲˣħһϢ֮ǰǿٱڨڨЦϴİɣ벻ϧɽ編ȫͻҵܵشûǧ޷ָģֲܰͷܸˣֻҪδָʵ֮ǰնɱô̫λͰȫˣҲû֪ͷ䣡
ħһ˵ҶȽɫʧˣǧָǧ֮󣬲֪ﵽεȾ磬նɱһҲûУҪﵽɽ磬ֻɽٴνҲҪʱ䣬նɱҪ׽жȡսף
ΰ˶ʮˣɺüʮ˾͸ϴ󣬼ϴԼˣƽʮˣֻߣνȫʤ
칭ǧͼϴ󡭡
ħſһ磬ʮѱɱʬ壬ӡ̣ͬͷžԣְ칭ǧͼҶȡ
ϳʮˣҾͷӡʮˡʮѾ̤һ۷壬ȥɽ磬ʮӦûɸ߽ף
ʮ˵֣Ҷֻˣʮ˵ڰװ׵ҶȲκֱվͿԽ
ƣھȥɽҡ׽̣ɽλ̫λˣʮ֮϶ἤɽǿٴν٣ҪȥţɽԶٶ̫λ滢񣡡
һϷɵҶѾָò࣬Щڲ˺Ҫ;޲ȫָһ뵽ʱҴΣķҶȾ޷Ҫɽ硣
ɽ֮ǰҪѷƽ
ãʵɶնɱһССɽλ棬ϴҿһ֮ڣɽλ涼
ħЦ˵
ҷ
Ҷһٻ£һսҷ

ʮԲǿߣ֮еĶҷֱӴԽǺӣ̫޾Ҷǰʩ
ȥɽƣ
񷣬һץ̫λǿͻȻһڶǺڶ֮⣬Ǹӹǳ
ಣ
ǿ߼Ԧλ汾ԴҶǿʵƿһƬռ䣬ԦԴռͷڶ뿪̫λ档
һʱ䣬ƮķչҶǰ
ȥһɫɫɫǺӲϽ桢ݺ޾һնȴǹĲ׳ǳǡλǿ֮ͬǶıʯ
ǰǿ棬ô̫λڲǿգеһСƬǺӶѡ
ˣϷʮǺӣɽʮλ棬ÿһλ涼ʩչƣһҲ޷Ȼ룡
ҷԼȻڷǿңָоʵ޷ɾǾ½磬ҲôһҪ󷲽򣬸У˲ſݺᷲ
޷ҾҪɽλĸ֣ʲôʮɽλ֪̫֮λ칭
ʮǺɵɽλ棬ҶȰһЦ׼һĿǺӣһ
ͻͻͻ
ĿǷɼͬװװãֱӳɽλȥǿһҷ籩֮¡һɽλǺӷϣǺӵıըˡ
ϴһɱɶˣɽȼһҪԪ
ħ𿴵ɽλһըֵڨڨЦݡ
Ҷ칭񣬼ԦռɽλԽԽܿһʮϢλ˸ǿտ˵׻Ҳûʱ䣬Ȼʮ꣬Ͱɽ׵ƽ
ɽ棬һˣ㿴ͷţɽһϹŶҪɽ֮ҪսʤҲδ£
ҷͻȻĿڻλ֮ڣһɾ޴ţɵ˵
ȻţţţƷñɽ磬ر֮ţ
ħͻȻһѪħֱ֣ӴԽǿգɽλ֮Уţŷڷһ棬ֶѪħ֣˿޷ƻѪħ֣ţѪħץ
λߣ
ɽλһϹŶɾ޴ţѪħס˿޷ڷ籩ϯ֮Уʼ
¡
ѪħͻȻѸһץֲһĻˣħȻţץƣ飬κѪⶼʼħС
ɽ֮λߣɽкγޣţҷ㲻Ǹ澰ȥ̩λ棬Ϊ
ڴʱɽڲһƬңһϹŶ౻˵ڴʱһƵۡһˣա
ѱˣ̩λ֮ڽ̫λ棬նɱһˣ
ɽ֮ҷʼ¡ؽҶȡ
ɽ֮Ȼüͷһ䣺㡭ɱ˾죿
ҽ̫λ棬ɽôֵֵñΪðˣҶȵЦ
Ϊãɽ֮һͻȻûзŭΪҶʵҶԱߣһһоţ޵и֡
ħͻȻѪ㲻һˣڱǰʲôΪˣ޵Уɱ㣬һţ㣬Ųţ
һ¾ͿҵΪ
ɽ˲סˣΪʵݣڷݺ޵УɽϣڷǾ޵оˡ
ҩɽҲôסԺٷ̫λ棬ֱɱɽһȥɽ磬Ҳ·һ
ɽ˵棬ҶȾȻƼ䣬תħ𡢻ҷ·ȥ
̩λôðǿߣѵҲˣ̫λ桭ø̫λ棡
ɽ֮Ŀתȥ
̫λ棬ɽһͳž֮ɽ򼸺ʿǨ
Ԫǣ̩λ
һƬضӣ֮л׹֣֪ôγɵģֱ˾̾ع񹤡
һ֮Уγһɽȣ羰续ɽأɽһٲԱһƬɭ֣Ȼ˸аħ棬淴ûаɭջ٣ǹ֮
˿Ǳޡ
һ˴֮߳Ҷȡ
ƻָ֮Ҷһֱһ£ǾˣͨͷԪҵϢǰڰɭ֮С
ٿ
һŮӣòʮֳ꣬һɫͻȻҶһݺݴҶ塣
ǣŮӷִеҶȣΪһӰ
СʲôϵûŮӷӦҶȾͳԱߣŮӾ޷Ҷȡ
ҶȣҪΪͽܣ
ͻȻɫɭָֻɫкɫϢΪһٻӰˣһۣȻһͷѩ׵İ׷ϵħơ
ҶȺȻоһҲ˻ˣλȥ֪ɱʤɹڴ˿ǿ㣬̶ʱ̤ɾŽף
ϴɱʵãҺò׵õħᡭ̤ʮףɱ˾ʤҶȣ뿪ɣ㲢Ƿʲô˿Ҳûһ˿飬ŷһá

ҶһһʥͰžʤ˲ǰ
ɲǼ䣬˫۱Ѫ죬ħƻΪѪƣһħҶȶ𾪣ɱڵžʤ
ȡ
޷ľʤǿƣֲŵɥ˻꣬ޱȡ
ಣ
ͻȻһھʤͷģҲɱ㣬Ҫĥꡭ
ʦʦŮߣס
ʹģҶȺȻ֣ˣϾҪͻʮףɽ磬ҿԻħģҰɣ
Һ޹ϵҲˣħģĭ뿪ҶȣϣӴҲټ棡˴µӣȥգʧӰ١
Ҳѵ
Ҷҡҡͷһ뿪
̫̫ǻʹǧʿ붼ɾʿʣǶ̫ҵ۹ڲԱ۹㳡̫λнеóֵǿߡ
Ѽʮʯҩȱ˽ر֮Уɻҷɢˡ껡͵ʮ𻤷ػţЩԺҪҸ״˹̫λ棡
ڹ㳡Ϸǧһãʥʥ칫ؽԪˡɢˡǧԭ껡͡ҶԶȵˣվҶħǰ󲿷ֶᣬʣ˶һš
ΪҶټ̫λǿߣ֪ˣҪɽ硣
˶֪ҶȻֻһףȻûжɽ٣˵;硢已̥ɽ磬˶𾪲ѡ
ģһΪ̫λ龫ǣЧң˶ޱȹҶȹ
ɽλѱǿӦòᵨΪ½һҲʹɽװɽ𣬺ˣλ´̫λҲ᲻Ͻ߼λ棬Ҳ½ɽٷһȱɽ紴½ɽͻ˴ɽ磡
ಣ
˵仰ҶȾħ̤һͨȥ

ȶ
һ̣˶𺳣첨ҶԶܽҶʥЩͳͳᡣ
ЩҶźϵˣڵ±ơԯġʥ칫ȵȶĿҶħʧ񷡣


484 ̤ɽ磨2
ɽ硭
̫ʼϴӵţӡʮ꣬ҲҪ㳢ӡζ
ɲǼ䣬ƮӰ뿪̫λ棬򣬳ħǺӣѪϲš
ҶȻ̬һϢۣʵƣӷɽ磬Ҫã
ħüͷ΢壺ҵĻҪ¹ϴ㣬꣬籩еȵȲأʮҲпܣ뷲磬һƬ嫵ʱգ˿ɽ編򣬼һЩ󷨴ͨȣǼ¾̤ɽ磡
ꡢʮ꣬Ҷ˵Ƕôʵﵽ˾磬û뵽ҲҪôʱ䣬ûʮǾͲ֪϶á
֮ͨ·
һɢԦǳƴҶڳͬˮڣҶħΧתǳ
ɺǷ
ħۼһӴͨγɣһץʹķɳһĿҫգ֮䣬һɫɷ֮ͨС
ɺǷͨӴɺǷֱǴ׼СףҾϣǰҾǿ֥顣
ħնɱôˣֻϧʮ˴ֻһɺǷɽ磬һɻɺǷ
ʮȻȿɽ磬ټӳһͿɱԦɽ編򣬽ɽ磡
˽ɺǷҶ˫ַϥ֮ϣһһˣͬʱ߶ʮϼӳͨɺǷ񷻺ȥ
Ų߼ʱգɺǷٶҲɫͨǳ֮ɺǷϷ񷡣
ޱߣˣҲ֪絽жɽλָ߼λ棬֪ڶ٣жû֪ɵ۶޷֪һҲⲻ֪
Ȼޱߣֻϧȼ̫ͣɽ硢ڽ£֮΢Ĵڡ
Ҷ˫ۣͼ˷λ棬ȫɽλͬȼĴڣ飬ûҲǧ̫λ֮޷ȣڷ֮У̫λпʱᱻ춯
ض䣬ǻ籩ǺڶɣֻĦλ顣
ǺƴȻʵﵽ۷壬ڷ֮УɳһĴڣ޷֪̽磬ҲҴﵽ󾳽磬ܸӦڣ
̫λʵ̫С̤ɻǴɣһɽλ棬Ͱ̫λʿɽ磡
ããǺӣҶҲΪ֮ݣټ򣬲֪жǶô׳ۡ
ΰҲҶȿʼΪ̫λ㣬̫λݴ½Ϊ̫̫λΪɽλ棬ǣֿԽĽֻſԣҶȣﵽ磬Ҳܰһλ棬Ϊɽ硣
һ已̥ɽ磬Ҫһλ棬֪ǾᶯܣΨһİ취ǰ̫λʿɽ硣
뷨ʵʣȵҶӵԼɾ磬ʱֱӿɽͺס
ǵõǧͼͼвƬӶõǧͼλ԰̫λװУɽ
Ҫҵս֣ҲҪҵǧͼʣƬܵõǧͼ
ԽʮƷճ䱦ӵһɽ춼԰Ⱥۣһɽ絽ɽ磬һ·߸̽˿ɵ
ҲҪһҵʣͼƬҿѾõͼƬӦֻһͼƬճֻҪҾһͼܽͼͻӦ
񷣬Ѿ˺嫣ɽ֪жôҪҵһƷǶôףһжҪˣ
ϴ׽ǧǷսףȥãﵽɽ绹Ǽӿնɱ룡
һ죬ħȻҶ˵
սף취նɱ룬ãôɣͷ£ͷ󣡡ҶҲó飬ǳҪҶҲȥȡͷͻᵢܳʱ䣬˳˴Ӳͷưڸݡ
һָƣͻۼ֣ٴ½磬ʱҶȻ޷նɱ̫λٷְҪҶȲ뿴Ҳȥĳ棬̫λҶȵļңңκΣ
¹ȥʱͨѾ뷲۷壬һƬڵ򣬳ħƺܵ仯ͻȻۣϴϾҪ뿪磬ﷲɽ֮ġ޽֮ء
ҶһҲ˫ۣ棬Ȼķûκǳ֮⣬ŷﵽλԨȴûԨšа
޽֮һƬ嫵磬ڷ硢ɽ֮䣬ɽҲһƬ޽֮أ뷲֮ȴû޽֮أֻ޾ĺڰϴ󣬿ɲҪС޽֮أǱȷ绹Ҫ߼Ĵڣֻϧ޽ܹ֮죬ԶŻ籬ըγ޽֮أ죬ħ޷
ħʼ͵
ԶŻ籬ըֳ˶棬Ҳʮ˵֮»Ÿ棬硢޽֮ءɽ硢޽֮ء磬Ҳ˵ǲףӷҪﵽ󣬶ôңԶ
һƺһĻֲͼԺһƬͼ֮ϣ¶˾ʮ˲֮ϾǷ磬֮Ͼǰ޽֮أ޴ޱȣ޽֮֮ϾǳԽ˴ڵɽ磬ɽһƬӸ߼޽֮أ硣
վ磬վе۷壬Ҷڲվڵ֮ϵķ磬绹޷ľ롣
ʱ˿̣ҶȲ֪֮·жôôңɼ
޽֮Ȼ޷棬̺ıأΪ޽֮ûκηһϾž޲ɽ紦޽֮ϷٸԪɽ˶ıءبű޽֮أˣ޽֮ҲΪѰ֮أ
ԹЩɽɣе̷;޽֮Ѱұڣͼٷˣ׬ȡ߶ʯΪ޽֮شںܶΣһ˾ǿҲ׽룡
ɽ֮޽֮أɽ˶ѡɽɽ֮޽֮أΪϲ޽֮أбǶǴ׹Ƕ񱦣Թ˶Ƭ޽֮صõ˱أʯȵȣ
ȻҲν޽֮أЩͱ޽֮֮еķ籩ڶɣоǿµ޽ףһУɵҲҪ䣬ϴ㿴Ѿ޽֮أԽϣԽӽɽ磡
ħ渵֮һƬɫͻȻ¶һҳ磬ǰ
޽֮أ
Ҷ̿ȥֻ޽֮ؼֱû֮أȴûǺӣ򻹶Ǵɽķ򣬻Զűըµʣ޽֮ûκεķƣһжͣʱҲһ
ͻͻͻ
ڴӷ޽֮˲䣬ɺǷͨʼͲŷ޽֮سͨѹҪͨѹ飬ɺǷѹ
û뵽ŵ޽֮أȫƣɼѹҪɽ磬ֻжɽٷ޽֮شﵽɽ磬ܣ޽֮ض޷̤룬Һʮʵˣ޽֮ض޷룬˵̤ɽ磡
ݡ
ͨѹ飬תۺͷӡڵʮһ֮ͬͨС
ģͨͰٶȱȷ֮ʱһ룬ȥƺƯ
Һʮˣʯʯ޽֮εǧ꣬Ҳ⣡
ɺǷٶȿʼҶ˿޽֮ؾ޴ѹȻͬһϡ
ͨ޽֮ѹԽԽֲԽԽﵽ˵ȼʱ¹ȥתѾȥ꣬ɺǷѾ޽֮۷壬ɽҲֻкܶһξ롣
ʱ䣬Ҷ˵ڲԦ֮ͨ䲻֪͹ȥˣȻ٣ҶȾѾɶסףһɽ磬ҶȿͻƼ磬ﵽĽס
ϴ󣬿Ǿɽ磡
ȻһƾӨǳ󣬺Ȼӻɫ޽֮صľͷҫɺǷ
Ǻ嫣簡
ҶȶʱȥϷǺӣǻҳͬıʯ˸ɫĹҫѤĿۻҡ
һƬɫ쵵Ǻӻ֪ж೤ͷԴֻһǺݺᡣ
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻոҪ뿪޽֮أɽǷǺ֮УһɿֲͻȻ޽֮ɽ֮ǿա
ãУϴпֲѣʵ޷ͨҳȥͨԱƿһ룬鷳ˣ
ۿҪɽǺӣһƬڶгɽ֮䣬ͨɣƺͬޣҪͨɺǷС
ҶͷǿҲ޷ı䡣
ͻȻվУɫء


485 ;
ȷʵУ໥ѹγɵС
һɲǣͻȻӿ֣ͬһͨУƾҶμӳ޷ѳȥ
ֻϧʮٱڵ֮УҪҶǿȥϾеġ
ɡɶնɱɽ֮޽֮أиɵ۶Ҫ䣬ɵ֮ɽ·У޷˺ҵϴСģ
ৡ
ħһڣ֮ɱɺǷɳ֮ͨ⣬ͷаħ⣬ȫвס
ߣ
˫֮ͨϣһֻֻѪħӳħ׷Ƴ˫ƣĺͨƳȥһ࣬оȻ޴ޱȣͬǿ֮һƬǺô޴ס
̫¯ȼգ
ɺǷ֮УŴͨƶҶ̴߶̫¯ѴʯУַһȫӳͨ
У˼鰡ҪһͬˣξҪԸͷвԶ룬ͨٳɽǺӿȥŷ˳ȥ
ϴ󡭡
ͻȻŴͨٶȻӿ죬ħȴһУǱ֮С
ˣƣƣ
û뵽޽֮˿ֲƣУףǳħȻ޷֮ǱشȻҶ۾ųƱ֮С
ϴģл޷ݻҵһ֮ҵһɽѷ죬ɽɡ
Ȼħߡ
ơ
ҶȲĵ߬ȭͷԼƽΣգҶ뿴ĳ棬˵ΪӶӶ׹ħħ˾Ҷȣ֮УҶȸоʹ쳣һܡ
ѹûҲûУܴܲ߻Ȼҷģһɵۣһ޵֮ͨҵﵽɽĻᡭƣɽ㣡
黺ƽѾעҶȾѹҲ޷ı䣬Ŀǰ˳ﵽɽ磬ȺϢ
¡
ͻȻɺǷͨһҶȾͿһʯΪ棬ǿķɢ䡣
ȻΣķҪٴһʯͨҪ飡
ϼӳ֣Χǹ޽֮磬ҲǺӾһǹ֮ǰǹɽ
ʮ٣ͨ졭
ɽǰʱ˿أ벻Ľ֣Ǵ߶洢Ĵʮͨʼɽ졣
ͣ
ͨɽոսӴһ̣һĦʮӵмԦɡջʵܿͨɽһҶ޷ѹɽһ
ۣ
⧲ҶȻ³һѪͨѾɽںϣɺǷѽɽ磬ɽ֮ӿҶȱΪԼӵһʵͿԼԦɽ֪֮ɽ֮ͬһ޵ףһҶľˡ
һڱһɸ߽ˣͻȻһһ޷Ԧ߶𵤣֮ͬʯѹסһ̣Ҷȵϸ⡢꼸ͬһʱ̣ʼɽɽķ
һ˲䣬һ¹ȥҶȫɽɽǻ֮и߼ڣںʮѣں֮Ҷʵڷı䣬ңһƽ١Ϣ֮΢΢ͷš
Ȼɽ編Ե˲Ͱڵķ編ƣҲŷ飬Һҵڣеڣǡôסɽ編򣬷ҾҪɽ編飬Ͼһûжɹ٣ȻԷ֮ɽ編ϴ񣬾ͻᱻɽ編飡
Ҳպÿסɽ編򣬴ʱ˿̣編ȫ飬ҵȻ已̥ȴ̺ɵһαˣֻҪסɽ編򣬾û˻ᷢûж٣һˣ
ȻΣһжҶȼ֮У򣬻ˣɽ֮ͻ޽֮أ̤ɽһ̣ҲҪɽ編顣
˿̿ʼҶȾɽһˣҲһαˡ
޼˻ףϴʣ
ھΣգ쾪棬Է̤֮ɽ磬ɽ粨׳񷣬ҶȲżɽ磬úڰǿֶΣ޼˻ףΪԼëϴ衣
뷣
˲Ϣ֮䣬һڰʥɫ׿ʼҶӿұףף½㣬ʼ״һ̼徭ѷʡȵȣȫٻ
ʼʩչ̫ɽɽ磬һΣȷһٴΣɽһ죬ڷУɽ嫣֮֮УҶȻҪŬпվ۷塣

ʩչ޼˻Ҹ֮ԼȡǣҪ־ܼס
ˡȫڻɽǺӣϷһƬǺλ棬Ӧþǰɽ磬ͨ
һץɺǷΧʮͨʧɺǷʼɽȥ
ȻвɺǷȻǴǿߣӵУҪǱǷֻ֣·һ
ǧͼ
ɽ磬ҶȺ温ɽ磬ںǿ֮УȻвɺǷλ֮䴩ԽɽңԶҪˣǻӦҶȴڣֱӶôǧͼ
ٿ
ǧͼ˲ɺǷͬǿٳɽȥ
ǳڷݺ޵УɽҲ޷Ҫҵͼ飬õǧͼǴɡҲ尡
Ǻʮ⣬ûϵǧͼɽ绹ȻãȻɽôˣȴҲܱҶȻκΣ
һΧ򣬼ֻаɽһλ棬λ̫ңԶһӦɽ磬ҲʮңԶպôɽ·ˣֻܴﵽɽɽ硣
ɽλþˣЩطϡնɱЩԪлϤɽɽڽսĪЩϡ֮ɽɱɽĵط
ɽ羧ϵ֮⣬һ޴λ棬ϵͬǺӣ̫أ־ϵϴɵɣһͬ졣
ذɽǰһƬ֮أҷ֣Ŷɿʼ쾧ϵɽ磬ûʱ⣬޷ɵġ
Һɽڽսҿ̤ɽ硭รɽȻ嫣̫λʮ޴󣬳ɰǧ򣡡
ôǧͼԦϵգ۾ͽ˰ɽ磬ȥƺ̫λϤλϢɽ粻һɽ֮һλѣһɽ绹λ棬ͬɽָ߼λ棬Ҳ̫λֵ͵λ档
ڷ磬ҿڷݺᣬɽ磬һûдǧͼɺǷһǿ֮Уͻᱻѹ顭
û뵽վԭ㣬ǰǷ֮ʱݺطɳۣǶôңԶ̫֮λ⴩ﶼȥãվڷ۷壬ԳƸԦɽ磬صʱڣֻڲߣҪУҲҪﵽɾ磬ˣһ򣬶޷ɷУ
νո˵ҶȾȻ볢һ£ʵɺǷ߳սɽǿգȻͱɽǿΰѹùֱ飬һڽڳΪͷӣҶȾҪǿѹ
ڼʱʩչǧͼصɺǷ֮һգ۹򣬶ɹ̴߶徫Ѫſʼ˵ԣҶ֪ɽǶôΰ
֮ʱҶ޵оͷɽ磬һӤҪɽһһʼѧ·ȻɳͨУܴﵽǰ㣬ݺǳκηʵԦǿա
ɽҲǧ򣬱̫λ޴̫࣬ҲȷʮֹȻڷս£ʮڱսȻǺܼңŵѪϢ
׼һ򣬽Ϣ̫ңΧҲһ򣬷ִս򣬲ʮ֮һֻҪɹƬ򣬴ﵽܰȫˡ
Ҷ˾磬Ҷȿɲս𣬾ڻһࡣ
ţɽǿ֮УǼ
ɹɹս򣬾Ҫ򣬺ȻҶȼһұƻɺǷ֮УȻЩɫ׳棬ֻаƴǳȺʸɺǷ֮ϣƺڳ˯Щ׳΢΢䶯
Щ׳ǿȻǿ֮ƯԽˣɶǿ֮Ưȥ
Ŵɫ׳棬ҶȲ֪ɽ뷲̫಻ͬɽǳ֮л壬̾Ϊֹ
ˣ
Ȼʮֻɫ׳ƻɺǷɹٶ֮죬ͬ磬Ҳûٶȿ죬ͳͳʸҶڵɺǷ֮ϣҶȿʼɫ׳ٶһӲ˼ط֣ɫ׳澹ȻʼʳɺǷÿһ£һɺǷǿշУȻ޷Կɫ׳档
ɫ׳ֲ̫
оɺǷͻúʬǺӣֵֻƵɺǷʩչǧͼȥˡ
ɣɫ׳澹Ȼ׷ˣɶ񣡡
ҶȸոʩչǧͼɳɺǷͷֶƷŤͷͼɫ׳ͬȳǵ׷ŵҶǿ߶ǧͼһɽֱӴȥ


486 Ů

һȺɫ׳ͬˮޣǿշɳۣҶȻͷŵľٴδ߶ǧͼ
һȺǼʼ׳棬ڰɽ׷ʧ
û뵽ЩǼʼ׳ɱ֣ҺдǧͼҪǻˣ϶Ҫ׳˺
һžӨԽԽҶȴٶҲԭԽ죬ŷץסݣٶһ
ٿ
߶ǧͼں򾧱ϵɽ򾧱ϵۺ󷨼ӳ֣ɣҲϢ
ǧͼɽϹһˣΪʥߡԶŴƶɣ¼λ棬λƶɣɽ磬ҶȾ͸оǧͼͼ̺֮һ˿ɽϢʥߡɽ磬ȡһαԴ
׳ΰɽɽӰ
ɲǼɽ磬ҶȾͱˣȥǳɽ롢ǧҡ͵ֱָ֡һϲݺأͬԣκ˴ʯˮɽϷ¡ضڲ
һϮѪڵɽʱȥɽɫɫˣɽɫɽˬ
ɽһ磬һɳһʻһκˮ˰Ȼɻԣ뷲һȣһ죬һǵأһʥأһȴҤݡ
֨֨
Ҷȵһۼ׳ɽ֮ʱȺɫ׳ȻҲҶɱ֮Уɫ򷢳Ե֨֨˴
ɶ̫ǿȻȺɽ֮Уǲɣߣʥǹ
û뵽ɽ磬һ񶷡
ٿ
һͷžӨɫͷԵĹʥǹҶһɣһץʥǹͳġ
񡫣
һȻɫ׳ٶȲ࣬ճ֣һǹ̳ǰһֻ׳档
ȴһǹһܷоһ޷ƵĴǺɫ׳澹ȻֻǱɣҶҲ̲ס˺
͡
ͻȻһֲֻ׳ͬϮҶȣҶȷӦʱһұۻǱɫ׳צצһ¡
ɲǼ͸оʹȻһһ߳Ѫۣһ˿˿ɫѪ͸Ŀġ
ȫһ޷նɱЩɫ׳桭
˿ָӣζƿҶȴδڣԼʵûģԭɽ磬ɽͨ׳涼Ƕ֡
޼˻ף壡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ٺɫ׳ͰҶΧסҪ֮ʣҶֱͻȻһһհףף׹⼤̶ֲļ
׹ڷ˸ǧ׹⿴ȥһϸС룬ޱȣһ޼˻ɵĻףҶС
񣡡
ΧЩɫ׳޼˻ףͬʱҶո׼ףͱ˻ȥеһ˸׹⣬Ҷȳû̳ʥǹںɫ׳֮ʱһǹʹ̷ˡ
ɫ׳ҲС֣֮󲿷ֺɫ׳涼ֻ޼˻׻Уʱʧȥ֪ѣЩҶնɱļ׳棬Ǻһ֡
ϧϧ޼˻ȴͷŲ춯̫ͣʵ̫
ԭ޼˻ֻҶΪ̫оСһ񽣣ֶѡ
ৡৣ
ʱڲͬƣͻأشһɲ
ţˡǧҪǵˣ
Ҳͬһʱ̣ҶȾ͸Ӧռ仯ӿռ֮УѸӦԴˣҶȻ׳濹ȴͻɱ
淨ﶼͬǿȡᣬͼͻ뾡취ɱԽ
С㣬ҪҪȥæ
֮䣬ǿ׳ˣӵһŮ
˸Ұӣֳִ֮ꪣǶƷƷ֮ŰŮη
ŮһأϸԼˣ£ûκζװ磬͸ųĵ£и߹
Ů̬ƮӯӵЩڲͬĵǼʡѪסǿմ֮ʣͻȻѪסӶ뱾أ
С㣬үǻǿЩϻķͷˣ
һ׳
޷үѰִ̣úùܹԸ£һᴳ
ŮƳһҶȣƺҪҶܣ֣Ϊߣȴ޷磬Ѫ׶ôãûвãԽǿ
һ׳ջ⣺Ȼˣ侳粻ߣһȴ쳣񣬿һ׶ӣΪɽ絽ǣū࣡
һ˺ȻЦһ̤ɸ߽ףоͻ̤ɣǽһǿߡСĪǿǱҪ£
ǶҲ£Ǹ֮ģʿĿǰȷǿ⣬һ̤ɸ߽ףǾһ˲ţҴףȻ赲Ѫףضͨɼͨڣȥһ֮
Ů룬ʮߴӣ΢΢ͷ
˴δ˵һ֣ʼնڳĬʵ۹ķ棬֮Уز¶ľ֡
žžž
ֻԭһزһգۣҶΧֻƵıѪףȫһȭֱӺһ
л
ԭΪҪԼ֣ҶҪڻڳ֮ʣʩչǧͼ룬סȻԷĿǱѪףҪĻڻڵһ̣ҶȾʩչǧͼҲӲߡ
תͳĻʩֳ⼸˴л
Ĭ˻ڳƬʮڽλҴС㣬ҹأߣҪΪūС㿴һ£Ͳ¼ūһΪЧԸ⣿
Ը⣡
ڵ˻ΪҶȻԥ֪ҶˬӦˡ
ڰɽҲһһļ壬Ϊ㣬ôȻٲ㣬߰ɣ
ҴСƺҶΪͣҶߣһͬǰããͻأֱĳɽȥ
ҶֵܣΪͣٶȵﵽסףܸҵٶȣԽһƬƬɽֺ󣬼˿ʼҶ̸
Ҷǫ޵һͨٶȣ̫ͣŴ½ɽ磬ûϵɽǼСС׳渹Һλ
ԭǴɽŷֲòһƣ
ղųĻڣȻ̾һĿ֮˸⣬ͬҶֵܣС㣬컯ܶŷˣץȥ䵱ūˣӾͲˣأҲĻԵ
һΪЧȮ֮
ǱʾĵʱҶȻмл
ϧ԰ɽһҲ˽⣬Ҳ֪ұ˭ŷɽ磬ɽ紦ΣίңͻƵɸ߽ףҾͻӽңɱ룡
ţǱȽңҶֹˮ֮֮ɽᡣ
̫ͣҲ޷ӦƣҪҴﵽɸ߽ףܸӦһڣɣҲܸӦΧһʱᣬûиʮ꣬޷
ҳһУһʱӦû׽̣Ѱȡսף׽ڰɽ֮УֻҪĳһӴ׽̣Ȼܼơ
һ˲ϸ·֮䣬Ҷĳħ𴦾ǵģϾħʮ꣬ɵۣӦòʲô⡣
ħһҪõʣսףɽһ¾ȥ׽̣ȡսףҲ֮ǰ˵õġ
Ҷ˷һһҹԽǧɽˮڼһǳء
ǳԭ֮ϣķҪôǲԭɭ֣ҪôǹĽӣǳռؼ㣬һǰ嫣ǳڸֽƣǹɫ¥󡢹
ǳؾأֻһЩſסڳڣһЩɢޡͨʿڳǳضӣȻҲʮڽٳǳأ
һ˸Ҷ԰ܵ
ǳأȻֻܾסʣ¾ˡūȵȣҶȲ̾ɽ磬λȨҲ뷲һǿƿһ
ǴСˣȥ棡
һɺ״ӳǳķһٶ˼Ԧɺףʺսףֳַ컭ꪣҴС㣬һޱȡ
꣬ɻˣ
һһ֮ԳԽٶȣҴСǰȻһλѮֳһƹȣŷ뷲һλϸˣͿҪƵģоһͿ԰ϸ˾ߡ
Сסֹе̣ôˣ
ҼŮؼң̿϶ҪԽ㣬ߣ̻ؼңϸǣ৵һʧ
ϸˣȻһоΪ޵ǿߡ
Ҷû뵽һɽ磬֣ڡҴС꣬иղϸˣ֪δ֪ɽ绹жٲ˼Ҷȥʶ


487 ʢ
ƿسǳأҶȲżǳضڰգȻֻʮɣҲΰ׳
ǽȫþɫɽʯɣҶȫһһƴʯҲ޷ƣɼǳطжôβƣǳزаţһţÿ˰أǽ֮ϵӰӡ
ɼҷӡѳǳƿأǳһɼֲöɡڣҲдɼǿߣ
ǳأҶȾͼ滮ĽֵһשһߡһһľͷŶĿ⣬ʰ쵣Щɽ綼ܳҪڷ磬Ƕ䱦
ÿֵū壬װҲУûɢ̷ؽֽȻÿֵֻһַ羰ǾǴū;̷ν֣ǧѯʼ۸
ЩūɶǻʵˣɾɾУɾ࣬һ鵽ʮ׼۸񶼲һŮ٣һʿħʿȵȡ
ÿֵŵƽʣճڱ¡شᣡ
һ·ĬвԣҶȶɽκμŶ治ѣʲôУؽֲк¡овۣϸϸһŲ֪үٻʢᡣ
񡭡
ԺȻ֮䣬˸ʮǰʱڳƳǣҶҲǾг񣬽ȴ⵽ؼ裬˻صȵܴ裬̣˷ǣ塢ڳΪ̫֮֮аУҶȣվɽ磬һҪ̤ɽ졣
ң
·̣Ҷˣǳ룬ֹһԲιģΰ嫾޴ĽɫָĿԲιռǧĶڱȽֵ߳ɵĻʯ֮ϣҲȻǳǳ߽
ǰҲǸ߹ҴޣɭɭΧʮλˣɵɲȡ
̣С㣡
˼ϸҴС꣬һʱģϣžˡѾ߼еӭӣ֡
ǱȻʹҪģƴ󣬽̻Իͣߵʮɿֵˡū̫࣬ûǧһһǡΪɽһңⷬλǣݣɽ磡
оҶȾɽ˽ǣκʶ֣̾ȵؽɣҶȾȥѣһſɽʵȥһţŪˡѾ߶Ц
ҶֵܣүᣬһʱܾУиҪμӣҲûʶʶǸԷиס֮
ˣڲٽֿ߹հ֮ڶԷ֮С
ڷŷҶҲʮֿأ뿪ҶȽһԷ
񣡣
ս빬ԷҶȾ͸оһԷУϰȭţһſһȭһſֲȥҪôƷôҡΣǾû۶ϡ
Щҿصĸɰ˽׵ɰ˽ףһҶǶ֡
û뵽һɫʲôԪչּˣҪٱҲǷס
ЩҲᱻҿأ֮УҶȷԼϣÿһ𸮶ǶǾˡ
ڼҶɫأȻһҶȼ򣺡ЩɶƲ磬ŷɽ磬Ҫǣͨ£ҲṫȻ㶯֣
Ҷ֪ڻһ仰û˵
ΪҶǸȻҪأ˽κìܣҲ֣˽𣬿빫Ȼ˼֤£һߵͣˣԼȥϤϤԺ֪ͨȥμᣬСֵܣʮǿᣬҲʮ⣬Сܿ㣬ҪΪӪ
ڽһУȥ֮ǰ˵һζĻתȥ
ΪӪøΪӪЩɰ˽ϣƺҲУҶǶ֣Сǿҵʩչ޼˻׾ܴǿҲ֤ǿ󡭡
ҴС㡭겻򵥰
Ϊ׵Ļ뿪ҶԺҲ˼ǧңǽҪѣҲãҶھһֻϣʸ󣬲ܰһ̤ɾɾˣܰ¡
סĹԷȻҲ˴ɾóҽҲһ˼ǴǺ⣬ʮˣַȭȭ⣬ȻûжԴκ˺
ɫ̳ɵС빬Է滨ݣһˮأˮһĿһɨ룬ʮòϢС
Ŷλþûµѣ
ǰҼǵµ֣ϧ䣬ҲǼǰˣ
ԷƺҲܾûĸ
ҶԷڣһˣͣ۷׷ףǰҶʶҽܣҶȺܿͰּסȻʮҲҶʶ
Ҷ֣ķ䣬һֱûס֮ǰδһˣҶԷϵһ¥ǰͣ£¥һܡ
Ҷʮָмضлл֣СܳէкܶԺҪ֣
һҶΪЧͣѣȻҪ໥չ˰ҶֵܵõҸ߲㿴أɻڴҲҪֵܣ
ϣһ죬СΪ̫ͣûпܣСҲΣɣҶԳ
ãүῪʼ㣬ݱ𣡡תǣ࣬գۼʧڹԷһǡ
ʱཻĸƤеҪ
¥װεȷ£泩
¥󲼾֮ҶȾͿʼڶ¥¥̨ƽȥһ׳Ρ뽨ԼʮϢһȻʮˣȻвˡū澣Ҳˡ
ʱ̫٣Ҳֻʱһˣָ״̬ſʼͻƶסס
ڤ˼һץһʬ壬֮УһץͰѵȡʣһŽ𵤣Ҳ븹С
ʬҲʼҶʼವطգһʬ壬ʮѣͳΪһƤҡ
Ҫһʱ䣬̺֮һˡ
ս֮ÿһ˿֮͸Ѫ֮У󲿷ֱֽӱȡ
̫¯򡢹ʥǹȵͨҪɽ編
ɽ磬Ǿɽ編ҶͨҪʼתɽ編򣬰֮иأŻҶͨﵽɽˮƽ

ʱȥȻࡢתĽϷ
Ҷ֣°ɣȥμӹᣡ
㱳˫֣һոۣҶ¥֮¡
ٿ
һҶֱӴ¥̨һѸײڶ֮Ƴǰһ»һ
Ҷ֣û뵽֮죬ΪС㣬ֵزͨҶһޣҲø档
Ҷȵǫش𣬸ղչǹ¶㿴ҲҶȿ֮ƣ֪Ҳһˡ
һɾŽˣҶҪԸЩܣǴ߶칭Ҳɱ˶Է
Ǿһ·ǰᣡ
ҶԷ룬빬Էʮ𸮶غϣһ뿪Է
·Է֮ʱһ·һȺȺ˶ǸûκĦвɸһ̬԰ĿˣȻûΪȴϲ˴ӵ
հ˷ǿ߶ۼϣҪ֣
ǧԷ򸮶ӹԷܵ߳ʱʮ֣ʼиѵ⣬ڳû˸֨ڻǲһĹ
֣ǻƺһ㸮
Ⱥ֮У۵Ҷȣһ˶ûȥ̽ɸǱһġ
Ҷ֣ǻڿɲһ㸮ϱһʵףҲżǧ꣬ȴΪĸ߼֮һҴǴСĸλܸߣѳԽΧЩĸҳͽỹ
Ҫ뻢ϹϵԺ֮УҲǸһȣǿߣɸ
㵹ֱ˵ǴҶȡ
ԭ˲򵥡
Ҷ֪ˣȻǴС㿴أȴ޷õڹչˣǾ䲽ΪӪĻҶڻǼ¡
׳۵Ĵ硭
룬һԲι֮У빬ҶȾɵˣΣһ̨ķÿһ˷ϼ̨̧ͷһһŲ̛֮࣬飬롣
Χˡū澣нʮˣʿв٣Ƕи̨߲֮ϣҶЩڱԵ


488 ͻ
浹׳ۣϯ̨Щҹͣɣһɡ
һɸűԵϯ̨Ҷȶһ룬оһӴϢͬɽһΰ洦ǣķɽǿߣ̨Χϯ̨֮ϣдɴڡ
ɣɽ죬Ƕڡ
һ׬ܵķԼǿ𾴣Ǿߣһַŷһڡ
Щ˿ڲؽٺۣǴһһףɽһ죬ڴɶסףǶһŹӸ磬Ҳɸ߽ף
ҲҶĿ⣬ֻҶȲһĽ𾴣ֻһƳֻܴϢɽߣ϶ɣǰ˽ҲԱɡ
ҶҡҡͷĬ̾ɽ𵤷ӲޱȣЩһǿߣһָͷͿնɱңɣҲסһͷָͷЩɽϹŶ
Ҷ֣ЩҸ߲㣬ǹӡүסЩˣԺ˵ͻһЧͣҪܰͽһˣͷɻڴ
ҶȲϯ̨ϵܵÿ˶ҶȽܵ
ߣ㣬ͱ˵ˣտһҪĽգ
ȻڸӿߣЩɭϵˣЩһҪ󣬴Сһλʮ꣬òõӢ꣬ף£֮С
ǾҴС㣿
Ȼǹɫ㣬ŴСѵ϶ɽ磬ҶΨһһλ̤ɽĲſҴȨҲϣǸүǸүɲģ
ڸǰЩϯ̨ԭͣ߾ǳڹ壬ʼ޹˼ɣ˽۷׷ףÿһ𸮶˵ÿһ֣Щ嶼ԼҸЩ֡
ƿʮڽҲѹй֮ڲҲֺܶЩȻɵҡ
ɽ죿
ҶȵںȻ񷣬ǰɽ磬ɽ˺嫣Ųɽһһɽѣһɽ֮ϣǾǸصĶ½磬ɽӶƯģĽˮԵ
СڹģΪһλ峤ѡСɲ򵥣βŴӶɽǻڣǧǰӶɽĸ֣
ŴСڶɽüеλֻһ̫أ˸޷֪СʵǿӹɣӦ̤˴ɾϧû˼С㶯֣޷ʵ
Ľݣ϶ŷЦ˻òֻдС꣬κһﶼ޹ؽҪ
㣬ĪŻȢС㣬ΪŮɡ
ҶЦЩҪһ죬ΪˣȻѡȡݾ˭ȢСܵõң˭
ṩһϢǲݺӣпһɣֲ޷ŮΪȷصù˸оһɶѣҪһɣǾͲˣҲмɣ
䣬ҶĿҲС꿴ȥҪȰ˵λ꣬ڵڶϯ̨Ϸϯ̨ʮλߣǼɣҲϯ̨
ҶȺȻʵ֣ǸүΪΪɵͽף
꣡
ʾҶܣŵңǽɣүٻСʱ򣬻δ̥׻УѲڸֲűסүֻϧүŷҲܵشһֱ޷Уҹʥ֣޷үһֱ״̬һɶס׶Ƕ֣ŶҪڸ棡
ү֪ǲǴСӰ裬ŵĺܣǣҲû취СΪүҹִ̣ʦүߣԾǸߣ
δСҪѡЩ֮Уѡȡһλ֣䵱үִ̣˭Ը⣬ִ̱үˣǲҲзˣ˭ȥүֱɨǣ
һ˵һΡ
ԭˣֲС㶼үҲûʲô취
ĿүٻϣȻһӢ꣬òãҶҲڼ磬ҶȴϣһЩӰӡ
ҶȵҲҶҹӣҲ޷УҲԱԹ죬ԹԼΪ޷У޷ʿ棬ٻͬǣҶѡ˼֣ŬûԱǿ̿ڲͻƿ
磬޷УҪܣҶҲͬܣȻ֮䣬Ҷȶеٻ顣
λҶ˴񣬻ӭλ֤ȮӲˣٻμӳʽ
ֳȻϯ̨֮ϣһλ˪ü罣ĲˣŰ˷¡ʩ
峤
ķҲӦ
峤길ףҶȰƣоƻ񲻼ף޷ӦҲͨͨղһܣҲϳ˾峤
Ȼ磬Ҷ˵ʮ״Բ֣һ֮ң̤ɣΪߡ
򣬹죬أĸ򳤱
Ŀ֮£ʼˣʮλʢװŮǣٻʼһһгʽܿ죬Ҳʽʼ
ɽơɹʳһһɳòū澶Щū澣Ҳˣֻɽ磬ʡʺͨ˶ѣע޷޵Ͼ磬ֻܳΪ˻ñӡ
᲻֣Ҳ罻ʱ̣;ƣͨϵһҴȥͶ
ԭүٻᣬȴΪɡ̽ϵҪֶΣŽҶǵһ뿪᳡ˣع鹬Է
ɽɶϣҲɾҪ̤ɾɾˡ
ص¥Ҷʩչһƣ¥֣Ȼڶ¥ֱͷôǧͼռ䣬ƶǧͼ
ȼհɣ̫¯
̴߶̫¯ٿʯ¯˲䱬ʼ̫ɽʼƼ
ϧһǷ˾磬ҪǴ˾磬ɽԪͻڿٱ̫һȼհɣ
߶̫һգۼ䣬ڲȼ𵤷ӡʼ˲ӿҶһ𣬺Ȼۡ
ɶףƣ
һ¯ҶΧ֣ϵɽԪȼմ󶦣ƽϢؼ޼˻ף̫һ޼˻ףҶ˫ȭŻ¯һȭȥ

䣬ҶȵȻ͵תһ£һƽƺϣֳһҶȿɶס

ҶͻɶףɽԪ纣ˮƵӿҶ壬ͻ֮ҶʵɽԪٶȣֿʮԱ֮ǰһ˲䣬ʮ֮ɽԪ
ͻף
ԭҶڷ磬Ѿﵽһ۷壬ӡʵһͷţʱͻɶףɽ磬ȫɽ編մɽԪˣҶѾﵽˮ׼
ȼհɣȼհɣ
Ҷȴʱ˫ͫ伤һ棬ͬһˣ֮е޼˻ϢɽԪͻᱻ˲ա
ಣ
һϵĻҶ֮⣬˿˿ڣŷ̲ƣʱɽԪԴԴϴ˷㼯ҶΪġ
ҶȾ̫ͣǰ˴ɽԪ˵ܾˣǶ˵ɽԪʲô˸ӦвԪҶ¥ķӿҲ֣У仯ҲӦá
ҶȲǷˣҪ֪Ԫƶһɣǲŵð˺ʱܺ޹˼ɽԪһ㷲ˣɽԪ޷Ϊ޷ԦɽԪӶ
ף飡
ȥҶ˴ɽԪвʯ֮Ѿﵽɶ۷壬ѾףҶȾʼףס

ȭɾڻȼյĻ¯֮ϣһȭֱӰѻ¯ƣ𵤣ʼתֳһƽƺۣƺۣȻס
ĽҲͻƣ̫Сȴﵽ״̬ͻĽףףףԽˣ
ҶҲһ˿ģףȼףɽ磬һСҶ㲻Ǵײ㣬һˡ
̫⻹ģϢãڿʼҾףǿߣҵΪ
ʼϢǽ𵤣˽Ϣ̸ǽ𵤣ɽڲס
ھ͸ѰЩɽż˽˽ɽ졭
̵Ǹѡ񡭡


489 
ҪƣҶȡƣҲ㣬ɽ£δʽʽȥɽһʶ
뿪Ҷȱ֣Ĵתתҵһҽ
ɼҽǲһ㣬ۡһƶۡ
վһ̵ͨǰҶȾͱ׳۾𺳣ʮɸߵĽ̵꣬ȻһƶֻۡҪƿһǾܴ߶ۡﶼ԰š
ҪЩɽ鼮ҪЩǽ顭
ҶȺôҲȥ˹ģƶۡҲδ𺳣̵ڲֱѯʼ۸óʯ
ãҪİɽͼһɽͼ޽֮صͼɽ絽ɽ¼иֽءɽдССɡϡһǧƷʯ
һȱǽ飬һһƷʯȱǽ顢ʮƷʯһٿƷʯ
̵깤Աóʮ鼮м򽻸Ҷȣջʯֿʼһ۸
û뵽ǽ˰Щ鼮żǧʯһűǽҪƷʯ
Ҷպ鼮򣬵ǽȵɽ˳ƷסˣһҪʯҪ֪һһǧƷʯЧһ꣬ʮƷʯһſԹʮһȱǽ顣
⻹Ǹ䲻Բȣȥͨϵ򷨱ȵȣ꼸಻ʯ˵ָǧһСʱѣʯǶ˵Ҳ㲻һСĿ
ɣſԺգóƷʯ
ʯɽ磬ǼΪԴʯΪƷƷƷƷƷƷֵȼƷʯһɽ綼ޱƷʯǸ󣬼ƷƷƷʯ˶δʶ
ֻаƷʯƷʯֻǧ飬ǿԺҪ취øʯУ
ҶȵһЦûٹǽ飬ת뿪̵ꡣ
ǽҶ˵ô󣬲ռʯһɺǷһߵƶɸһһɺǷҪǧʯʯҶǼʯС׼ס
ɽ磬ɺǷƶɸͷǳ˱رƷɽ粻ȷ磬̫Ǵɲܿݺɽ磬Ҫ
Ҷڳת˰죬ûʲô˽ģص֮С
ɽ졭
ص¥֮УҶȾͿʼʩչǧͼն¥ʼһһۿ鼮ɽ̫ܣҶȱҪƿء
֪һűɽһ
ɽ죬ǵľ磬֮ھ޴죬ÿɽ֮䣬ÿһɽ編ơ򶼲ͬһرһҪȻһɽˣͻأȥɽ磬ֻ·һǱץס䵱๤Ϊū
ɽóȻȥɽ磬һһ磬˵ȥͱһֻ涾·ֻǱֲ޳Ե
һ仰ûʵֻʵʵɽ硣
ɽ죬ֻоɽ磬ŲԽģɽ磬ɽ߾ۼ֮أɽʵе㣬ɵۣɽ죬ҪȥӰ죬Ҫһܣһˣܽ졣
һ£ɽ磬ɿԿңţһɽ磬ͳΪū๤նɱϲӣɽ
ɽԴḻɽԴɼһգҲΪζ߲ɽԭ
Ȼϵɽɣɽյӣ⵹Ϊ̤ɽһ;ֺֻ£һǱҲûǸʱԷС
һɽȻײɽ磬ԴҲǱȽϷḻңһɽҲ̾ϵļ壬ȻӸɽǻһʵǶɽһЩҲҵ
ɽİңǰɽһ壬ڶɽ磬ҲһӰ죬ŵӽɽ硣
ɽ죬ҶȻ¼ɣϼ壬ɽޡޡ޵ȵȣҶȻһϤ֣Ǵš
ΪδźϤΪҶĴ޽䣬Ǵŵ˽ָʹŵӣǲǴӴŵõǼ񵽵ģҲǴŵӡ
޽ź޵֮еõģǺ޵һУһ˵׹½Ÿֵõӡں޵֮У뵱ʱڹ֮м˵ҲһǴŵӣҲҲõĴ޽䣡
˵Ǵµģȵõ֮оӦӵдɼϧʲôûУɴ˿ɼ޽Ҳõ
޽䣬û뵽㻹ô
ҶⰵЦһĴ޽䣬ֳſɽһްԵţе֮Уɢɽ죬ҴŲٷءɽ綼зֲŵԳΪһͶֻ֮ϧҪΪٴﵽɾɾȥѰҴţ
ɽ磬ǿǸɽ磬֪ɽӵôۺɳһһɽ磬ߡ
ʱңһ̤ɾɾˣʱͿ̤ɽ硢ɽѰҴŷš
Ҷȼȥ
ɽ֮Уֻɣɽ졢졢컹жһɣһּ´Ϳͳһɽκһɽλ档
Ȼһ֮ϣгһɣǾɽľɽ磬ɽκһɣǶǳԽһɵĴڣκһӣǶǾ˫κһɽ綼ҪִС
˵ʲô׽̡ҡԼңɽ֮Уǳ֮һɳ΢
Ҷˣɽ̫ӴӣҪ̤۷壬·Ҫȥߡ
ʱҶȲ֪ʶ벻֮лɹ֪һȥһ֮УҶȼﵽףʱͻĽףҶڿɲżͻƣʱһͻףһЧ
Ҷӣڹ²ūǰȥһˣ
ȻһΪ΢Ů¥
Ҫң
ҶһͰѷӡ룬һͳ¥£ӭվһū澣ͻȻҶȳ֣һ
Ůһ˫ַڸǰ΢΢ʩ񣺡ӣūһˣ
ͷҶȹʩ
Ů¶һ˿ɬЦݣæСӣҶ뿪Է˷֮Уȥֱ뿪˸Է޷ڲԷ
ǻҪңǴС㣡
빬ԷҶȾͼ˵ʱС֮һһˣڹԷֵҶȣ˫ʩ񣬲ûп˵
Ҷ֪ˣ뻢һǴСȻҲǸǱȸҪ߼öࡣ
Ҷֵܣã
Ů澴Ҷһ԰ŴС꣬оһϻڼҶȣ֡
С㣬֣
ҶȻˣҪͿλȻһʯ¡
ڴҶǰµνҶǰһҶְ֪ҶԸ⣬Ļϵң
Ȼһ͵һէ˼תΪѵľܾ»֮أ⴫
ڻһЦȻǿҶֻ֣ѰһҳˣǰɱҲˣѪծõϢһ֮е߱չǱޣһڲסпµأҶǿԵֵѪ׵ķǷףǾ뵽ΪͨɱߣȻֵܲԸ⣬Ǿһͬ·Σ
ҶȱȭСΪ̫ͣף°ﲻæʵ߶ףˣǵҴﵽɰ˾Ž׻࣡
ҶһƴǣڲδŭĽ͵ֵൣģǰߣвٸУСҲǰȥֻҪǺҶִ߶ףȻɱߣ
Ҷ׹ԷҪϵ޼˻ףˣҲûжΣҲͨ˺ֿԴлȡֲΪͷӦԭˣãŵǣʱ
ճֵܽС㹬Էƫ֮оޣһˣȥһϢ
õҶȴӦڴչЦգ־Ů澴ҶȥϢ
С㣬ҶѴӦһͬǰ
Сԣ
С΢΢ͷӨͫɾһ˿Ц⣺ܺãǷͨ˷նɱааգɱҲˣνλع飬һҪΪɱ˴ˣڣȥͨҸ߲ɳǿߣһͬУ
ǣתȥ
аݺһɽ꣬Ϊɱ㣬Ʋ㡭ͻȻһ䣬üĳһУ˾ƺһռ֮С
ڶգǰ
꣬ǷаɲöԸҪúڳϣȡժ·аͷΪ
ſڣ峤ͱˡ
׷ģߣ
һʮˣɣֻҶһɣлһߣϢǿ޵У겢ǰ
ಡ
һ˵գʧա


490 
һɺǷ򾧱ϵɳ
ҹȻƴ֣ӵôһҿռ˶ɺǷ
Ƿڲʮ˸һɸ֣ҲǸһӣڿɺǷǰٶȣҶڽ䣬̫ĿɨΧ
꣬аĺܣΪѾﵽʮ۷壬ĻթöԸ
Ѯߣꡢڣмҵĸ֣Χһʯ֡
ҶȰһƳĿϣҳȻһɣǸа治öԸȻҲɳһɡ
ҳϣҶȻǼǵϾֻмɣλ֮һǿƿشء
꿴ʩ񣬵ͫȴûһ˿ɵаڳֵǷ̤꣬ϣȻع飬֪а䣬һ뾡취ɱˣ
ǺãҲҪ˭ﵱһˮԱǼ֣Ц
϶δҪ϶ذ
ﵱڸѿ꾹Ȼ治ɫ˿ŭŵ̬﹧άѡ
ڲȻҲǶթ
ҶۣʼС
ãˣǸ֣ȫĸôһ׸Ҳ
Ȼһλ԰ż
ҶȲδͣһ˵ˣԭһɣһۣ֪ʲô֣һʱ֮䣬ҲɻҶȡ
ƺף˶ɣһɵͽˣʲô
һɨǼλˣȻһĨΣ벻мҡҡͷ̾Ȼôüλһ
ŶһγͷصĻ᣿
һо۵ףȻ˫ֻǼ֮ԣ̺ǳ˷ֶȡ
ǰҹӸ磬ЦģҶαۣȻΪһڶȻ߿Ҷһۡ
С㣬Ͻ򣡡
ʮɺǷʻһ˶򾧱ϵǰ뾧ϵ
ಣ
գɺǷͱģͬһʯĿҫۣһվգ·ǲ׳ɽء
ŵͼ꣬ʼãʡ
Լһʱ䣬ʮͣأһƬӵĹȺɽǰÿһɽ壬糣괵γɵĿɽһ޼ʣǿߡ
ߵθӣɽ̾أһȥͷ緲һǰ㣬綼Եֵ籩ݡݺء
ֵǣ˶ӻ֮£Ȼ߲ɽǿ֮У١ֻĹǱж죬еĿҲܾ޴ͬɽȣЩ˸Ө
ϣаͶУҪɱаߣҶֻдɲܽ룬ɡɶ޷赲籩޷У
վͬˮڵ籩ǰɶ̲סˣڰɽǳһյأȥ̽Ѱܣȥ޻أ籩֮ͼдγɵķɳԴ̴塣
ʱҲһɫ֮˸һЦȻҲ׷׿
ߣϷͲУϷΪ޷ߣ
Ȼףǵڵ²̨ףȥһϣԺȻ˵
ߣԶﴫϴɡᣡ
Ŀ֮£ͻȻΪһߣ¹ϣ˫һᣬһףγʮɾ޴ʼߡ
Ȼɣȴϸô׾֮£ϸϸִ磬겻ΪߣҲǸĻ
˶߼ϣҶȴڰһֱ꣬Ȼûκο־壬ԴȻŷǿߣû߷С
¡
һ˻ƣ֮УɱУ˾޷ǰ˷ӿ𽥱ݻ٣һףҲǴľɳУĻ
ɶû뵽ߵ˲ͬ죬Ǹɽռ飬һϹŷϵγɣǴҲԴ롭
׾Ȼɳ򣬳һѷ죬һʱ󾪣УҷѾߣȴֶܼã˷һаսթҪ˿ӡ
籩֮ҼͿҪʧ׶飬һ飬Ҫ뾫ɳǴɣһ첻һꡭ궼ᱻɱ
ɽһأܳΪأȻǰɽ糬ǿߣ޷̤ĵط
С㣬ֻϺ꣬峤ԣֹɱɱС磬ߣֿԣ֪ô죬Ǽ˼Ĵߣ飿
ڿ꣬һĨЦ˵
Ǹ֮ˣװ˷֪ааֳǳأδ·аδҵаа·һһģ
ƺһ֣ݸЦһɳ׵Ϣͷų
ڴһ˿ɱͷС˼ܣСֻϺ꣬ҪԸͷСλؼңҪΪ峤ŻСٴ뿪ǧ꣬ҲҪˣ
ҴȨҪҸ׻ϣͬ壬ˣҪ취øͻƴɣܴƣɹС
ϣ˸һȣŷаϣһصתᵤҪõ˵ͻƴɣֻȽ鷳ǵҩܽһ⣬ҾͿԷĻع飡
뷡
ͻһɱһɻ˴߹飬
ȻߵȷǸɶԷĵطԽ룬ȴҪķѴҽߣڲҲΣòʧһҪˣϢ
˺󷽣Ҷһ⡣
صǰǼ֣￴꣬ͫȻһЦ꣬Ƿ籩ȷϷɲ뻹δаͰѾĵкΰ취
϶ûа취зӡ
ѵץסᣬȻҪɼӣǲһŮˣ컢߳ȭУҪȫ
ֻҪа취ϷȻȫ
һǸģԹȴֲұֳնɱаҪûаףϿЦ
Ҷȡ
Ȼ䣬ٻ
ҶȻΪһ磬Ȼطǰʩ񣬲Ŷ걧ȭС㣬µԸ
㿪ʼʩչںӳʼɣ
Ҳ
͡
ҶȸӹϣһץΧһڰףȻǿɻǸо׵Ĳ
ԭˡ
ƺ취֣ͬӳ׷֮У

ʮˣͬʱǿעҶ壬ҶȹһЦٴδ߶ӡ͡޼˻׶ʱ޵չʮ˾ۼγһ׽磬͸ɶֲѵĴݻ־
סʶʮˣͬӳҶȣչֳףȫҶһͷŵףȫһǴɣҲ̺Ϣ
ߣ
һֻҶ룬һֱ˾ͱ׷ߣߺ
͡
ľؿ׷ɱ߷籩֮УȻײһвҶ̲סһѪ
˷֣ߣﶼ޷룬֮£ҶȣԽߡ
Сϵ׷š򵥣
ͬʱ䣬ÿˣƻҶȣҶʩչ޼˻׳ռ˷Ƿ˭õǴҲҪᡣ
ðЩҪҵ޼˻ףǾɡ
Ҷȴһ֮УѾ˼˿壬ȻЩ˶֣ȴְ취޼˻׿ˡ
޼˻ɵ۾ĸ֣ҲаţҶֻҪƿطţܿ޼˻ףκᰴķǾܲˣᱻҶȶᡣ


491 а
ǰʩչ˻ףͲ졭
һ̰ɱҶֿ˻ʩչ˻Ҳƻһ֣Һ޲˶ᣬΪ
֮Ҷ鷳¾ͶҲܰ
˶ڸ̥֮ʣҲ괫С㣬Щ˿ǣҪҶǷǷҪôɣͻС
İɣЩ˼ô᲻֪ҵҪ˭ҪǣǳϣҲܷŹҶȵԳΪҲͽֶΡ
국ЦЦּ
Ҷʩչļ˻ױ£ǰ죬Ҳǧɼ̫Һ֣ҪִɣҲֲסôԨĵط
ţɽյϢаͶǧ꣬ڼγߣű٣
֮һָ纣أһţĹɽˡ
ããأ籩֮Уŷһţڴأеش˯֧ţǶ绯˴룬ڲã籩֮Уġ
Сģав󣡡
һţ˲ëսƷŷͬƵģһս

ҶͻȻ˫һ׷˫ͫ룬ʮˣһշţɽҶҲ֮ء
ҷֳһַаϷųϢҺΧɱһβ÷аߣɢ
һ£ɷ󣬿ʼӲͬһ縯ʴĿ֮С
ҶȣٴεȺʲôΣգƣ֮ʣҶԭأȻ仰Ҳ˵ģͻȻҶ֣ȡҶǲ
ಡһȺʧڸ֮С
ڲȻǱжû뵽Ҳ°ȻֵطвٱɱаҾȡǧͼ
һǧͼͷųҶȿʼһʩչǧͼһɣҪɱҲܣǧͼعɽ磬ҶȾ粻ߣѴﵽɽ״̬Ҳ޷Ҷչɱ
ʮѴﵽסףھռ䣬ͻĽף
գۣҶȾʹһɽ壬֮деʮͽţɽڲһ
ţɽȴһɽ޴ޱȣҪܿѷаʵ˵شΣͻ֮ȥѰұ
ռܴĶвٵҶȲżͻƣʼѿɹɼּʬǣǰˣϧ޷ȥľ
ÿһ˶ռָһǶ־бȻˣҲһʲС
ЩɹеǾԪɹеɽҲȽѵõɹ֮󣬿߲
ѿбﶼչ֮ҶȿʼŴǧͼϢͷ򣬿ʼĽס
ʮȡ֮һֻ̫ǿ֮һôˡ

ͻףƽٻ¯ֿʼҶȼգҪҶƵģڣ죬Һÿռ䱻ǧͼƿأȻͻᱻ˸Ӧر档
Ľףƣ
ͷŽȫҶȫڷߣ𵤿ʼһƽҶסڻ¯ȼյÿҪը֮ʣ˫ȭһһ¯ˡ
ݡ
¯һ̣ڵĽ𵤣ʼתһƽˣһƽ֮
Ԫɹ
һȭͷС͸ɹӴ޽ɳſ죬ͰžԪɹڡ
ԪɹӵԪԪãۺڵԪںϡ
ɹɵҪܶ࣬ɹɽȻȻ֮ɵǸɣȻӵгԽɹ󲿷䴼ȴ޷ơ
ͻĽףɽ˷ӿһǺ
ҶȲǷ˾磬ϸ˵已̥ڷ˵Ҷ˵ɽһҲ󺣣һͻɾΪˣôɽһҶ˵ͺϡͼ
̤ĽףҵʵҲȼĽףǿɽߣˣûа취
֮ҶȾʹﵽ״̬ﵽĽ۷壬ڲɽ羫̫Ҳڲϵ
ڵʮ٣ΪҲڷҡֱϣ̽߸裬ȷԽĵӣʱͨȡ
ʱԹͨȻ޽֮ء磬ڵݣͨʮݽɽ磬ɹֻͨҪһʱ䴫͡
ȻвʯȻûʯҲӵкܸ߼ֵ
Ҫ뿪֮ʱȻоԨƮ죬ǻ޷ӹҶȸӦ˲һԨִɽ󲿷ѱߣ١
Щʼʯ߼ʯԼֲϵĻʣȥ̵꣬ҲøüǮһ֣Ͱпʯ޽䡣
ҶȿʼϢÿһĶȡɹʬǣȻţɽѱıǲ٣һȥҶչʮòɱ
ٿкۼԿǿߣ߶ᱦЩ֮Ǳޣֻûһ㹦ĵá
ţ֮вѪȣĪΧɱ¾ѵˣҵа
̤ţɽڲվ籩ڽռ䶼챻˺ѣΧɽ嶼ʴ˴룬һɳҲǻɳ졣
ҿ쳷˷籩ۣ֮СԻʰаѾˣӲ籩ۣ֮
һɳη籩֮УʮҸǱ˳ɳ籩ݵתҺ֣ɳ籩Щ磬ƺûΧЩ籩˿־塣
ǷаǽƻȻ籩ۣ֮籩֮ԨͨǼϹʱգаҲ֪ͨȻڷ籩֮ݺᣬǰķΧסӳ
һˣɳ籩ۣ֮Ϳʼգȴаɱ
ž߳
Ȼһɫ־ͬˮӷ籩֮ͻأ̳һаӰɫ־УҪɳ籩֮ۡ
ɱ䣡
ڷ籩ķĸ֣ʼϳ֣ûȷаӳʮͬʱ֣һ֡ƴ˷ѹ
ûҲǵɫ־סһը˷飬·һǺɫͼڡһ˫ꡣ
ø꣬û뵽һָ֡ΪֶξƷʥƣ
аͻȻƣ澹Ȼµķ罣һնڰɫ־֮ϣһ͸նϣаɱ籩֮ۡ
ɱ
ڷаնϰɫ־֮ʣһ𻢱ľ޺ӱ֮ɱһƴǧƣڷаϣ÷а籩֮
ڲ֮УΪǿߣ
籩֮㣬ǿ߼ڲ㴦ɱء
䡭
һʱ֮䣬־ڷ籩֮۽ը
а򵥰һƻУз֮ƺͨӦǷϵ򲻻ڷ籩֮ݺᣡ
а⸽ĸ֮У˵űڶʮһ˫ĵ۾жһУҶȡ
ĴԽ籩ۣ֮һƬܼ
˵аһͬĵطϵǾĸ籩һ㣬һǷа
ŵǿҶҲɵˣҪһȥ֪Ҫҵ£ͷǿʼͷžҲԪʼ˸һ֮С
ҵˣӦþ
ҶͻȻʲôһ˲Ƶٶȣһ¾ͳһֲ籩ŰĿ֮УȻҲһС͵ɳУǷ籩֮۲࣬磬ʵ͡
дϢĪǷаﱻ˷֣йսȻаҸ֣籩ۣ֮һǱҵˣȡˣ
ܵϢҶеˣʩչ޼˻ףγɻսףںϴǧͼ籩֮С
ԭ籩Ҳ򵥣ȻǴǴԨ֮ͷųģҶȴ˴ͻĽףԦ޼˻׸ӵӦ֣ںϴǧͼڷ籩֮ͬʯȥ
һƵĵ
³ףа֮УһȥĵһɫƻҶ
ս̫ͻƣҸֶԷбôƷҩдؼǷаδüģˣ
ҶȴһӣͿʼȻаѿռ䴢ߣûüߵıɾҶȡ
ٿ
ͻȻһӰӷ籩ԨȻǱ
ɶꡭû뵽Ȼǡ
ֻתᵤһޣܶ׷ɱŮʵǸŮɲ
˾ȻһѪܵķаŷ˲ƤǱطһ¥ǰһӡ¥Ϳʼתһ飬һɫгˡ
תᵤܶ׷ɱ
а־ͳץȥ

ͣ
ͻȻһʥǹӷа̳ͻأͣаʤδץסӣͱʥǹš

аȻûбʥǹɱ־һƣػ˹ʥǹǺգһҶǱ˳аȻɱ㣡
һСӡȻĻֶΣʥͶɣаͻȻ·а̰Ŀ⣬ͻȻһ޷ħҶ
͡
Ȼһɫ־ԨֱӺڷаͷ­ϣͷ­ͱնˣǰɫ־Ͱѱвס


492 
С㡭
Ҷû뵽ǧһСȴս˷аӰɫ־ѶȡУҶҲȥ򱦺ע⡣
аǺñд侹ȻҲڡ
δﵽҶ̳֣ѿ챻籩ߵķаʬ壬֮УһʮˣǶô죬ϻһö䡣
аݺɽ꣬һֱأߵıʤʤȻһСͱ⡣
ಡ
ǵɫ־ڿʼѷ籩ɢ
¼С㣡
Ҷ֪޷ղѰײа˶飬䲻ɱ˷а֪;ĩ·ķаȻв˼ʵҶһΪɹɱСӦ
ֻ꣬ˣκιƣһֻ֣ҪһУͿսҶС
øҶȣΪȻ̤а
һࡢΪԨҶǰһӰŷӰûɣλðҶǰ
֪ڣĴѰû뵽﷢һҪȡаǴѲлСڹؼʱ֣ڷаУ
Ҷȹʩȴûǰ㹧ά
ҲӦãҪ㣬赲аһ󹤷ͻƻߣͣһԨûҵ
һҶһ˿ҲûУȫûƽʱСӣķһɨһ⣬ͰѵɨΪƽأȻҶȣҶ΢΢о䣺аĴ䣬аɣ
ǣڷаʬ׹籩Ԩ֮ǰȡĴ䣬¸Щ׸С㣡Ҷ̰Ѵ˳
˴ԭõУаεȡұȻصңһһֱ
õ䣬ɨһ£а־ڣ֪ҶȻûжȡб
Ů¹Ȼϵ½
ȥ
һ䣬һɫ־ͲסҶһͬԨ˾뿪ţɽա
С㣡
ڴһƬ籩֮ɭɭɫһɡ
꣬аȥˣϷΧ׷½ذ죬ûѰټʱż֣һ籩ɳ
аѱնɱͷ­ڴˣ
귭һץһѪ˸ǰǷаĿͷ­ͫһ⡣
̾ȻǷаɱ˴
ϣаͷ­㱣ܣγɹնɱаһ˹ͣǴÿ˹ͣ
ķҸָ棬ѷаС

û뵽ȥѷаͷ­ӣȥǸϺ꣬ô᲻˼ۼ֣ȴҶȴ߶ͨ˺뿪ߡ

ºҸһׯ԰֮С
꣬ΪΪӣü϶޻˵նɱаһʧﶼųϵ棬ӳޣ
ڣꡢүһһ𣬿ƯǸУĿȿűУذѡ
䣡үٻҲĽ˵
״ˣаöԸŮУǸϺ꣬ŮÿϧŮԺϻᣬ϶ֺø״ˣ
̬˵򱦺УһԶɽתᵤ׷֮󣬾ͿԶһͻƴɾȴҪһΪӣΪѰһɣɱΪ״׼ӣ
ããã˸ŮޣֿǱУͷų̰
ŮҪ״˳ɾʹɣҪңϾӹ԰븸״ԣˣһҪ
꿪ʼ
ܣ
ʱٻһͬ߳ٻɢرͷſڣһµģߵսǣȴס
ƺٻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôתͰڳһû޾ɵӣ㣬Ҫٶ˵̣Ҿӣ֪ҲӺҺжҶɣ
ɫһŨŨͷųĳղڸǰֻ˵һĿģĿģΪ㣬񹦴ɣһҪ취Уƣᾡԣ㲻ҪģҪר֮һа취
ͣͣһȥˣ㣬ҲȥϢɣ
үٻƺԸţǲԸ漣ҲʧܶΣԸȥʧζתˡ
ͻȻһʧڹȡ
֪Ск£
ص¥ż죬ոջָΪˣڷõʮˣֻʣ°ҪʵﵽףֱѾ߽ˡ
߹հ˹գйԶһԷǰѼŴСڵ
굱˵⣺Ҷȣϴֲұ㰲һ£Ӵ֮͸ճУִ̣
ִ̣
ҶȺȻ˵һٻǸɨǣ֪Ūöִ˻뿪Ըִ̡
㲻Ը⣿ҶûϴӦʵ
С㽻£ȻҪӦֻǸϳѲִ̲õСҪȥִֻ̣ҪȨԺүһ񣬶һ˹°峤С㶼ܸԤ
국Ȼ飬ҶȲ˵ԼҪ
ͻȻԣҶ֣Ҫе֣һȨѾڳ֮֮ϣңаùĻ
Ҷ׻ڲǹΪԼǳģʩǳ÷ǳ취޷ƹӣȻҲҪִ̣Ӹϳȥ磬ҲҪ³
ãҾ͸ȨֻҪܹסӣͷ棬Ժٻٲˣһص㣬Ϊ֮⣬ڶ˿Ը죡ͻȻˬӦȴɱ֮
Ȼ״ҪҶ겻ɣ³ͺҡ
ܣ
Ҷȣ󣬽һΰĹԷŽ빬Էͼʮˣٻŷоʲô
ٻһ̰һԣվñֱתһЦӭꡣ
ܣΪѰһִ̣λҶȣԺҶ̸ִ㣬ҪúҶִϣԺκ鶼Ҷ̸ִ𣬴븸״˶޷֣
ڸˣ깫ȻҶݡ
Ҷȡִ̣
ٻƺ֪죬мҶȼۣЦǺǶģһҶִ̺úúúôڸϣ
ãǴȺϢ仰ƺ˵ٻģת뻢뿪˹Է
ճھʵС㣬˵ҶȣаƷ𣿡
Ҳ֪ҶȣǸ뷨ˣϣܹסܣϣоϲڣһȥоƽ֮գ
ū澴ӵ뿪ˡ
Էڣٻ˻ر֪ԶٻˣˣҶִȥϢˣ
лӣ
ҶȾȻҲûʲô˵һΣʵʵûΪȻ˽ȥƫ
ٻټ֮ͤУǹЩִ̣һɿֵûȣҶȣôûɶѵˣ
һ룬ҿСӣΪӣ˾ǸˣƤӵܼһҲ֪ʲôֶΣƻ˴С㣬ִ̣
ȷʵ֣ǰ׸ҵִ̣ǶΪһʰˣƨ
ٻʼҲ벻ףҲڸ⣬Ȼһ꣬һֱû˵Ϣ˲һȻһɣٻʵҹܲµóС𣿡
ҹˣŷһɷǣ֣С⣬ôܲ¶ȣǴҶϿóѶϢСƺҶִΪأСΪῴۣ˹ƻֻ˵һ㣬Ҷִ̣һʲô
ҹ㲻ҪԼ糤־һߣǰ㣬ҪǸҹܹӣǾº֣
ЩһǰķеٻһΪʲô汾£߾裬ǿ߾˵û
ҵҪʲôͣвҲȵŰɣҶȵСӣʲô£
ҪûɶͣҪͣͷܱүߣߣȥһ䣬취õС㣡
ٻһӣһС˴ӵ£뿪Է


493 ɸ
ڣôҶȥүԷִ̣ɷŪһүÿʵʵģ
һͶӰƮݳڿУһȾ˫۶Ϥ񷣬ڿռ֮Ծͬ顣
ڹվһԷǰͷʩС㣬ҶȺ֣ȥӸƺʲô¶ûû˵һ仰ҲûҪκ£ֻһζأ󲿷ʱڷϢʱ빫Ӿһۣûκζ
⵹֣ΪֶΣٻʲôҲãҾͿҶȵʲôһζȥ޷סӣҲȥй۲Ҷһһ
˵֮Ͳղˣڹ͡
޼սᣡ
ӸԺ᷿֮УҶؿռ䣬ͷ޼˻ף޼˻׸ı̬γɶԪֶΡ
ͣ
Ƥë˿˸һڰףףףһ֮Уֲ̬ͬͬףҶ֮Уͨ׿ʼһ񽣡
޼˻̫嫣أһȥգ޼սһݱĹ̬дʯ޼˻ݱ޼ս
ҶȲͣݱ޼ս޼սҲ׳ϢɲͣڰɫǿɫһģһϢҲԵֻҶȸ첿Ϣһ֪޼սԵɽ硣
޼ս֮һֹϵգŻ㲻Ƶģŷ޼˻׾ǹϵա
뷡
ͻȻֱһ޼սɲǴ̳Ľ˸ӿֲ޼˻һȥѾƣҺ㻹дǧͼӡ˿̹Ӹ˶ܸӦ޼ս
޼˻񷺣һΰ磬޼ֻݱһһ޼˻ݱ̬ﵽʩչһ׶
˻ƣ
ſͰ޼ս븹У뾫Ѫ֮Уӿ֣һ״׺󣬽Ϊһӡ
ž߳
޼սҶȼ˻ƾ͸ףͼʼߣһͷųȡĿʼ˸һֲ׹âһȥٴ顣
Ŵ޼˻֮У޼ս˻ƣԺı̬͸ףǹꪡֹ̬ڻ£
󹥻ͨɹԺȥʥǹ컯ȭ޼ս˻ƣиž粻ߣݱ׵Ĺ
νʦţпˣ޼˻Ǻڰ纣ҶֻҪȥʩչ仯ǧֻпԼȥȥ졣
Ҷִ̣ӽһΣ
ȻһżЦ᷿⴫
Ӹһ£κү֮£ֻƽճȥӦӦ꣬ٻסˣ²ҵ뷨뿪ʼҳ֣ðɣ޷ܵģȻʼȥ˼Ҳ뿴ٻʲôң
һģǧͼҲźʧҶȴţͼӸʮ𸮶֮УΪߵһˣҹ
ڹӸҲвٸٻӸ֮ѡľӢȻɣ󲿷ɣЩ˶еֶΣȻôٻתڹӸи֮ǰǰҹгǸ
ҹʮҶִ̣ǱУѣ
ҹֿɣҲһɣ̫ʵڼ⣬ڹӸԺҪӦ룡
һɣҶȿɵﲻ𣬵ȻҲɵȥһɣʾǫ飬ҹҲΪ⣬˹ϵһ˵Ц뿪Է
ϣһ̧࣬ū̧ŴΣŵˣүٻ
ɽ磬ȻԳΪΪϾһˡһūֻȨҲпӵдūһ㣬ɽ粻һ˶Σ֮ˣǶһͷ
ٻڳǳ֮˭˲֪˭˲үӣʮڽһСʵۡ
ҹ֣չȥ
󷽣Ҷȷŵݣҹ󣬲ûӦΪṇִ̀ǰҪ빫һ˴Ρ
ǳйӸۡɸỨӵӣɸòӾۼ֮أҲ˱ȥ֮Ӽÿ¶Ҫȥɸ󡯣ȥչͷƻӣӶλжӣǺǣ
ҹ˵Ц
û뵽ɽҲѰ֮أҲ緲ϲԺҶû뵽УȥԺΪ⡣
ԼʱһӵŴξһ̴֮ǰڴ֮ʲôҲûУϿգƯһʰ쵵ĸ¥ķȺ¥Ҳ뿪¥
Ӵⲻǵô
һ˷򸡿¥֮ʱһȺʮˣǰʮӸ磬Źʡ嫣ɣ༸ʮλɣǶˣЩӸȻҲȥɸǡ㿪ʼߺȻǺȵʡ
ǣߣ
ֻƽʱŰٻЩӸ磬ȫҴӣٻЩϣ˲ٿ
Ǹ
ڹӸһȺ˲ԲԾͷˣһЦԶﲻ죬ķ˶
ٻûƢЩҲûƢȺ˾˵ĻɫΪ棬Ӳ
Ҷȵ⣬𸮶ǶǱٻˣڱڣٻܵ裬Щ˸С˵仰ҡ
үˣǣλү
¥ͣһߵƶۡ¥ΪķǸǽۡƺиأٻ߳Σһλ鸾Ů֦չʮλŮһȶˡ
ŮǲٻӵұҶڰ𸮶ֱסһһ뻨ɸ֮С
úźүٲô
һʼŮһˣͬٻһŮ֮С
ٻǶ˲ŮһϣһֲЩķУ
ҶһλŮӵһһ֮С
ֻڿڣɫѬ죬ɫˣǾðŮûһӹ׷ۣɫ㣬ķڿմһ᷿Լʮ֮࣬ɼɸжá
ǶҪˣȻǱȫ
ڣ˿ʼëΣٻһӣѣٷ緶ҶҲŮڻڣɫ˫
˳ھɫʲô棬ЩӸ磬ǲݰǷ
ҶûŮ̫ȣҲûֱãǱһϵֻһͬͬˣԺȰˣִݣ͵Ȼ޴档
Ҷ֣ʵӾҪӦǣòҪŹӶַֻ㲻ŴС㣬㲻Ҫǣʼǰһˣʱ޵ز̻Źӣ
ڴʱҹͻȻҶȴŮҲӭݷݣҲܾһС
лҹѣԼֻҷ֮£ҪǴﲻ£Ҳȥ룬ǺǣҶȾٱл
̸ɱһоڲ֮С
ʱɸаᣬǱԼķҲûпλǧ˶
ããλӣλˣʮӳ֮գ۸һ˭࣬˭͵õһ飡
룬̨֮ϣһλòĸŮȻͭ࣬𽥰Ӻ̨ӿһλλŮžһٻӰһֻֻʻ֪ӺδһŤռһӵò
񡭡
᷿Ӹ磬ʮ󷽣һλ紦ӲڻŮӣŮų׵ʣòУȻڻɸ֮أȻֲڷʡ
ٻҲ˫ۣŻӡ۾գ¡
Ҷ֣ǹҹǵŮӣҲ֮УòŮӣɸ󻨿񣡡
ҹתҶȽܡ
ȷƻ޾ˡˡҶȣҲټòŮӣ޵
ҶȾͼ˷ĹӡƵˣʼʮŮȻֻһû˳ۣҺܿ죬̨ʣһˣƮ¼ϧŲ̛֮ϡ
ظλүǻСֻԵˣȻ˭ܿӣ˭ܵõСҪ֪СԴɸ󣬻δźһλˣ֪˭иˣ
Ůķȡ˵


494 ͦ
һӣȥӡǷӡ⿪ǣ
үǧΪľɽźһνҲһŷֺη

˷￪ʼ۷׷ףԿЩﶼǲԶĽ
У˭Ǹ£ΪٴǺܣ
ٻͻȻתɫ˸һĨɱɨˣٴʵ˭ƽܣٵõԺңǾǳϼλ

˼ͬʱһͷҶӣֻҹ˲治ɫȴҲ񲻰š
ٻǸǰĽǿңһõֻϧһˣõУ
Ҷ̬һ²ؼȴڴĦЩҲǵģƽʱ˵컨׹޷ӦٻЩɫ
үܣӡӵֶΣʮָһɾܽ⿪ӡǧǴɶ޷⿪ܡ
ҹͻȻվٻʩ֮Ҫ޷У°⿪ܣӿҲһء
ǡ
ٻ˦תĬ
ҹǸ˵ʵˣҲóҹٻĸᲢۣҵȵĻѳ죬£վȽŸܻȡԴ
䴦ҶȰκ񶼾УڰЦû˰Ҳûȥʲô
˱֮У˴СԵ֮أϣλӣܽ⿪ܣڿʼ
λ޸ԣһָһһ߳ĹڣӿռɳƯڴ֮С
С㣬עǱٵŮˣ
һ᷿֮УͻȻ߳һλ깫ӣ߸깫аƳ˼ֿķ׼ʩչͨ
֣Сıۣû£ͲҪſڿӣ
깫һֺģʱܵ˷ӣһ᷿߳һλ¹ӣɳЦ
᮹ӣǲɽҲɽ編ּǰɽ磬Ҳ֪кıƣ
ɽ磬ǿһһļ壬ǰɽҵλ࣬ҲȲңҷȰλǲҪ᮹ӣҰɽ磬شгֿҪԲǣһң
Ϥ֮䣬ķڵţƺ᮹쳣ɵ
ɽ磬ȵļ壬øҡҶȶκ鶼ں֣ȴҶĿס
ͨɽ缸깦˽⣬Ҷհɽ󲿷ָ֣ڰɽ磬Сɽ磬ҾСɽǿƿߣҾһСɽƿߣֲһ磬ңкܳ롣
ҶȶҸעֻϧһڰɽԵȴɽ磬ȻҲйϵȴܣ˾ĹϵѣҲܼɵҡ
ᮣҡңɶ޷Уݵţ
ٻѪӿУķ˲ҷΪүȴ֨ٻҪֱȻܡ
ٿ
ʱһͻȻ
᮹ֱͫڴǱ֮У˲ѱаΧƺͬҪѱҧ飬һʼѹ·عӡ
˷˶ɵˣ֪ܴܲ򿪺ӡ
᮹ӹȻǽУ⣬һ߽Ϊݺһɽκεطֲţ˸֮棡
֮УҶѿ᮹ֶΣ߽Ϊķ֮УΪߵĴڣҶְ᮹ӱ빫ӣǲ̫ԶɾŽסʮǿߣ뿴ڰɽҲǸ쵱
С㣬᮹Ϊ̫߽ͣ޷⿪ӡ˵ӵгͨã
˿̨֮ϣɫƽŷϷһУ⣬Աλ޸ȴ˵һ仰
ֶΣһƽģ
¶һ˿ЦԵ
ݡ
᮹ӷŷħƵģȻͷŸǿע֮УѴ˶ҡ
͡
ͻȻɢǳѹɢȥ᮹ӾȻ³һѪػص᷿֮УԱֵǺй⻨ɸ󲻼򵥣
ŶҲ޷ƽӷӡ
ٸһ߽һɸһԺ޷⿪һŮµķӡ˵ȥЦ
û뵽᮹Ҳûʲô£ͱҰɽţ
¹߳ݺݵ˵᮹᷿һЦݣˣСܲţǰζʧܶ飬ѧһϹͨС֣ϣλѲҪЦ
һһˣһЦǺǻֵҦ̫룡
ݡ
¹ͻȻһƷһϵģ룬ʩչĽĲԶˡ
ˣ
ܵ¹ֻ΢΢һʯ󺣣һƾ¹ʩչͨ޷ٺӰ֡
ҦᣬΪƴɶΪԲѣЦҼҹӣ֮ƽģʶȥɣ
Ȼ֮䣬᮹һǰһλɸ֣һ˿аײЦݣ¹ӹȻЦ
ߣҲҪ⡭¹ӺľңҲ̨ף˦һݻ͸æȥˡ
ţһ᷿֣߳һ֣ȴ޹飬˶̾Ϣ׷׷
ⲻ٣ٻ֣Ϊÿζ᷿֮Уÿξۻ㶼С㣬ǰĽβԣ
᷿йӸȥһ֣תһȦȻٻڵİᣬԭٻ븮ڶĿ⣬ȴԷһ᷿֮У߳һλҡȹӣ棬ҪûٻЦ
ٻиĪǾǸ㣿
᮹ӣƺ˰˿⣬ֲ˳ڼ֪үʱʼһԹٻȥ
ٻԭһӱƣЦڱ˵лŲĵʱָ᷿߳᮹Ӻȵᮣأ
᮹һЦƸǿȷأԭٺܸӣǷѣѵ˵ĲԣٻҪٶԱҷͣСıھ͵˵棬ʰ㣡
ӣһ̷ƽ˾̿ʼȰ˵ٻúǰ
ٻ඼ըָżЩҹҽѵ֪
ӡ֪ںãҹȥǣ
ҹٻĸٻ˿飬յ޿κΣͳ᮹ȥ
񡭡
ͻȻ᮹Աһߣԭһһưҹɡ
ҹɳʮɣͣϾȻһаѪ岻ɶ񡭡ʮס
᮹ӶʱмЦٻĹӶǷ㣬Ƿеķ죬СǱ֮
С㣬ҪҪֹ˫ٻүҪڻɸһ˿ˣһɸ޷㣡᮹ӣҲƲ硭
̨֮ϣ޸һĵĶ˵
ȵģǸˣһٻк˺ôǱϾɽ磬ǰɽ磡
Ȼ̩ɽ̬ȫͨ糾Ůӣһһ䶼ܽ
᮹ӵ˵棬ٴָٻЦٻ֪㲻Ҳ۸ȷ˫ֲҪ֮£½ǣپͺһүҪˣ͹˵ԼǷô򵥣𣿡
뷣
ٻͬҰޣ˫Ѫ죬᮹˵ֱһȫһƾͳ᮹
һС
᮹һЦٻһ̣ˣԱߣ֣ЦǺ˵һ䡣

ٻһʩչΪһӰ˫ץΪһӡ᮹ץȥ
У
ϧ᮹ӻɢҳٻ
Ƿ
˷ǧˣΧ۹ǳЦҲ겻ѣٻ᮹۸
ҡҪɱˡ㣡
ٻǷŭˣ֮䣬ľͳһӨģͷŻתͳ᮹Ӵ
䡭
һϧո᮹Ӿʧˣڿбò˾޷еٻܷһƣǲ˼顣
᮹ͬӰٻǰ˵棬ſɤӺȵ˾ˣ£˵ԼǷɣ
֨֨
ٻһеĳ񣬹֨֨Ħܿ˶ڳЦ
ͨ
ٻȻû˿ԥȻ᮹ӹ£ŵ᮹ӶţΧ˶ţһֱ̬Ҳ⿴ٻ
ҡǡϡҡǡϡٻ˻գ˱Ϣź
ʱ᮹ӾȻǰһĵضٻ˵Ƿٶະ䣬ôٸ˸ˣ
һȣ
ͻȻһֹסŰ᮹ӡ


495 ʦ
Ŷ
һ᮹ӣû뵽˲֣һɨִҸ֮У߳һͨͨˡ
Ҷ֡
ҹסҶȣһаϢûɢȥƺˣһϢ˲ţþһ
Ҷͣգʱ䣬Ȼ룬ȥٻһǿȫѹסٻòڵϣ޷Ҷƽ᮹ӣҼҹ䣬ΪңҼҹеѵӮңӮʩչƣѹҼҹӣ̫˰ɣ
ʲô᮹̫ˣǹΪٻ
˲᮹ӣݣ㾹Ȼ˱ɣСˣٻ˼Ȼû㱾£ȴǣʲô
ѵɽΪУ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷһ仰˷ˣڿȥ᮹ⲻ۸ٻҲưɽˡ
ˣǻɸٷ糾ŮӣҲʼȵʣֻȫ˶᮹Ӳܵ
ߣٻų򡭡
᮹ӴʱҲһףһ䣬֮ҲȰݺһٻҶȣͻȻһ䣬һɰϯѹȶ
ҪͽɣһУ³ҲҪˡ
Сˣ
ٻ׵壬ܵ᮹ǿɱ⣬ֻϧ޷о˾Ҫѹ⣬ͻȻоߴһ
ŤͷһȻкһҶȣͷһϢסգ֮䣬һڣգֳϤĴ֮С

̼䴫˾ԭҶٻҪ᮹ϳ԰֪һ֮䣬˾ƾʧȻƾճһУ᮹ǿֲ
ң
㡭ܣһߣΪܶٹ
ˣ᮹𾪶޷飬ٻʵȫȫգԼʵİٱȻɸƽ⡣
᮹ĿٻߣҶϣøң֮УҲԻﱾ٣Ҫ֪ʲôǺڣ
ಣ
ԭһ᮹ӾȻٶԸٻֱ׼ҶȶŷУٻѱ̤ھҪҶϣһǿӡ
ɾǿƣֱÿռ飬᮹ûжҶֱӳ֣ƣֱײȥ

һĻˣ᮹ײ£ҶȾȻֻǱ᮹ǿֲƣͱҶΧˡ

ҹ𸮶ɵˣУҶȲͨף˲࣬ھȻܿסƣеףΪδСҪҶȹ
᮹ӣҲôһ˶ûκֶΣôҹӣҼҹӣھϷŪ㣬ôүݣ˽֣Ҳһ˲ܣ
˵棬ҶȾȻȻ᮹ӶԻȫһˣ˵Ҳ˹ģŷҶһͽɣȴ־ɣĴһ㡣
ҶȵһЦ˼ٻ˵ƾСǼŮӶ䣬Ҽҹӣ죬䣬СˣҼҹӲĹӣžػ纣һ̹
һɣҶ˵棬ѻɸˣ˵Ѫڣ᮹ǧָٻ
ٻͻȻԼһȣδ˸߿ֱͦ壬¶һ顢Ȼǣ糾ŮӶġ

᮹ӶҶǺ޵죬һ鹫ӣҶһҲò˼ݣɳҹߣҶɱȥ

䣡
ۿǿ߾ҪɱҶҶҲһɱ亹ֱðͻȻһӰžһȭһȭȻѸ߽ߣһȭţһɥ
ߣңɽɫҲ᮹ӣҪٲ³
ͻȻɱǿߣ𵴴ֱһ𣬾ʹͳһŻ࣬᮹ȵ
ٻظľ޺ڣã
һնɱ᮹ǿߵˣǴС߸ߣڡ
øңߡ
᮹ҲǸӲû뵽һǿӲֱӶ֣Ҫٲ֪ôԷҲ֡
᮹ӾȻôЭ뿪ˣ
ߣû֣һնɱɸ߽ףǴҲɾŽסʮ׵ǿߣ᮹ҲòܷâһƵңΪͻȻУɱϣ
˿᮹Ӵһˣ뿪ɸ󣬶ʱʼ
ӣҺСͨ󣬼Ҷ֮Σ㣬ȻξҪ᮴ظɣ
һȭͻٻҶȳ˲ע⣬һ־Ͱʬ壬˼״Ҳû˵ʲô
ٻڻͻȻɱɱ£ɭɭ뿪ˣʮڽһ塣
Ӹϡ
㣡
صҸϣٻͼСй֮еʯ֮ϣеƷŲ裬ԱλŮ澣ҡźš
ٻְֹ꣬Ͳסߣµĺӣ֨ȴֹסۿת
˶ȥҶ£
һ£ҹȸŮ澶һһ뿪йֻʣ»ڡҶǽܣҡҡͷʹĵطٻܣ¹򣬵˿飬ֻᣬڳ𣿡
㡭
ٻ̲ס޾ĳ衢һųЦԺǰ֮һ¹ڵϣʧʹޡ
Ҳǰõĳ񣬶ٻ˵ֻһݣһΣĳʽ
ûо꣬ܳɲΪӺβΪΡ
Ҷȣĺܺã
ûмοٻһ侲ú룬ȻҶȣΪͣˣùӾһ޷ĥľΪִ̣ϸˣ
ޣȴ޷Σȫ֮ڣ
ҶȻ֪ⷬ˼
᮹ӵ棬Ҫ̤۸ٻ֮ʣҶȲûѵʱ̣һʱȻҪٻһĲʹҪٻúһΣٻ竣Ǹ൱ǵ
Ҷֻ΢΢㲦һ£ܼ򵥣ʱٻѾʹǰǣǰˣϴĸ˰ɡ
ǰҴӦ£ȻЧͺúµִ̣ϴηаĲֲԼõõһ֣
վһҫͷţһö֣ҶȣҶҲ롣
ܣڿʼҶִִ̣̾ʲôҪģղ죬ȷǸӺû㣬Լܵĳ裬ҪԼŬȥֻ᮹ӾԼȥնɱ
ĳȻŻ뿪˹Է
ʼգҶ޷ΪҲ޷ΪĪǣǶǴɣ
ĿȥҶȻ̧ͷղֳԶϤꡢΪֻϧص̫֮ҶǷˣ޷¡
ٻ
ҶתٻڵͷأһԲҡҡͷβʹȷٻܴΪӣδһ£ڣȻˣ棬¹
ȵȣ
ȥҶȣȻһסңٻۿ˸ȴһסҶȥ·ͻȻĿһҶǰ
Ҷһ㶣ӣôˣ
Ҫ㡭Ϊʦ
ٻѪؿҶһһ˵
Ϊʦ
⵹ҶʼϲҶȴû˷磬ҡҡͷһߣЩˡѾ߶ΪߣΪεºʦɣҪЦӦúúϢ
˸ܲٻܵõʦͬˣٻٻȵ˵
Ҿһ鷲ˣûΪͽΪʦЦΪ
ҶȻܾ
ⱲӣҵʦֻһˣʦٻԸʦٻͲδ᮹ӱһ죡
ٻ꣬ججշˣԸʶ䣬úŬƴһƴʦȫٻ
ٻѣÿ˵һ֣һ£ҶȲӦƵġ
Ȼ䣬ҶȳĬˣԺȻ䣬ӿֳڷ磬ݴ½½ССųƳǣɳԣԼҲΪѷ죬޷жԹԹأʱԼôϣܸıˡ
壬õ񼣴УҶȵԼȥŬ»Ƿһ
ˣʱҪһĳЩ£ȥŬԶҲ޷ﵽĿꡣ
ʦȫٻ
ٻͻȻصؿһͷͷƤˣǲĿľưڸݵˣ뵱ǸҶȣһ
ˡ
ҶȻûд𸴣ٻѡ޴ױķʽͷҿĵͷѪ
Ҫҵͽܣ㻹ʸ񣬻⣬Ըһᣬ徭뵤ˣһ޷޸ݡɵҲûӿһΪѪ壬ȥɹʸҵͽܣ
ڣٻǧοͷҶȻɿˡ
ͽݼʦ
ٻϲһҶɿڣһҶȾȻһŹĵȼδйϣ档


496 ͽ
Ӹһ¥֮С
ʦ
ٻһѪҶȽ¥֮С
ӣȲҪΪʦҪҵһλȱõһײϹҿ޸ѷ죬̤֮·
Ѫ壬ѪһѪṩþѪȥı֮ѵľǶѪƣӴ嵽ϸһ˿ѪҪȥƣֻ㣬һɢѪڶǻѪѪ壡
ͬѰЧȻҲб׶ˣһڶʹ࣡
ҶȱûжٶݣȻһûΪõٻʦ˿˷ܣʮƽ˵һ
ʹࣿٻƺס
Ҷ˹͵ѪǾѪȼѪȼѪ֮ԴѪ壬һ꣬Ҫʮꡢ֮꣬꣬Ѫ壬ͳһСͷ³Ǻķʹ࣬ģ
ٻͷҼȥǳʲô壬κδۣҶԺںѣ
ǺãҾʹ㲻Ѫ壬Ҫܡ
ɲ֮䣬ҶȻһָͰѲѪͳͳٻԺ
Ѫ壬һ¾ɢѪʮʹ࣬˶޷ܣȥɣﵽڶ㣬ң
Ҷֶ䣬ٻ뿪
Ǻ䵱ҵԵˣڣȴΪٻ֮·Եˣôȥģ
᮹ǿȻôǧͼȥ󲿷ƣȴҲܵشӵǿʬ壬а᮹ߣ֮еĸ߽ףǷаʮף̤ɾָտɴЩʬգ
һץһʬ֣мʬ壬ǵڷ磬ħնɱˣֻϧɣڳħС
Ҷȿʼա
С㡭
Ӹ߲㹬֮С
ķûκˣҲٻǲߣڶһˣϵѪǽŵװ塢ͷѪٻһϸ룬ŶĿѪ
ٻӶŤΣʹòҴ󺰳ѾֱҧѪӡѪһεδѪ֮
ԺգٻŤӣҲʼЦݡ
꣡
ٻգۣŽ룬ͳȿʼһѪ㣬ˣѪγѪÿһ£ʹֳЦû顣
᮹ӣʳ裬ٻһ죬ǻֻġ
ǿʹޣ޾ٻץ룬СȡʼղѪƾѪ
һȥ¡

ٻȻڴ֮УǻƶСѪ飬ٻÿһκѪͱֻǱСÿطѪ飬ͬСͬʱСջȥ
Ȼʹĺܡ
Ҫ徫ѪͱþѪӿ⣬ڻ˺ٴջ壬ֻ˿ڳ˺ѵøһһȥѪиʹ֡
ٻΧѾһƬѪɼٻ˶ѪŴ԰ѪڻƶСӿ޷ơ
գ
ٻŭһ͵վѪֻƶСѪ飬رСȻڡ
ţ
ʹöŤٻһ𣬱ʧѪ飬ֿʼγѪ顢ͻ㼯
һһţٻڲɢѪգɢѪʼƿѪѪӹϸ
һ꣬Ҳ֪ٻǷɹ
ָ֮䣬һ⾰ȥˣҶɽҲм꣬һСɣմʯʬ壬ҶѴﵽ۷塣
ԭҶ已ֻ̥ɽ磬ɽ編ı䣬õҪɽԴһҶٶȣͻɽﵽɾΪˣҲֻڼʮʱѡ
ʮ꣬ڷʿ˵Ҳʲôɽ磬Ӳʲô
޼սƻģ
˻ƣ죡
Ҷȼһץ޼񽣣һץǰ˻ƣһ̳һ𵴣ֻҪһҶȾͿ޼ս˻ƣҶȶ޼˻յøӴ졣
껹޷ӦƣΪ̫ͣããɽ磬Ƿ磬ǴﵽɻɣܸӦƵĴڣҿ˵Ѿڶ׽̳֣նɱо죬ȡսף
Ҷһһ濪ʼħͨ
Ѫ
ӸĹ֮С
һٻȥŷ곤꣬£һץľȻӿһѪл˿˿Ϣ
һʱͻƲѪһ㣬ɢѪѪѪСϸһ˿Ѫ

Ѫٻʧˣװ򿪵ţȻӭ⣬̵Щ۾һָ̣ӡĹߣԿóٻһ֮У仯ܴ
Ǹ깫ӣһѪյ꺺ӡ
γѪ޲Ȼԣֻٶ̫Լ޷ȥ֪ò޲ɹʦ
ٻ뿪ƫȥ
ƫٻҪţȻһѷŴٻ߽ȥԶϡ
ٻݼʦлʦ֮ٻһ˵ֱӹҶǰ
ҶһɨǿҲǿߵڣ˳ɲѪһ㣬֮ܿУһ˿˿Ѫĺ
һжҪлʦʦͽٻȻĿҶȡ
ҶȵͷҾΪͽӴ˿̿ʼٻҶȵĹŵӣҶȾʦ
ʦͽݣٻæҶȿͷͷ
ԺҪˣ֮ϵҲУԺʱˣԻ֪ٻΪʦھΪΪʦѪ޲Լ
ҶͻȻʩչǧͼռ䣬ȫ
ǣ
ٻָܵҶȴ᮹ϣĸоԾգ˺ǳĴʱ˿̣ٻҶ𾴡
þţΪʦյĿռ䣬˿ԸӦǴɶУΪʦ޼˻ΪʣҪʹ࣡
ͣ
һصĺڰףҶĶڿ͵˸ţֲޱȣʱٻҲëս

Ҷʩչ޼˻״ٻһ̣ٻŤŤռ䣬޼˻֮вϵߣһ޼˻ôˣıʹͲ˵ˡ
ٻĿᶨţҹû޼˻״ʧ
һ֮𣺡ϿѪ޲
ٻŷӦʩչѪ壬ȫѪʼᣬյѪʼ뾭Щ֮ûȥѪѪȥ߶ӸϵںϾ
̫⣡
Ҷȿ׼ʱһץ̫Ҷͷųһưٻͷٻʱоůʼϯ
Ѫůٻ͸о뵤ָٶԽԽ죬ŷڲ׳ϯȫѪ
ʲô
ٻԼԦѪ֮ʣ̫֮ͻȻоһԵҶȣͬһ䣬֧졣
̫߶֮£ٻڲ޸ԭֻסĽʵٻﵽɾŽסʮ˱ȼ״̬ٶȻһԾϣԽš
ԭ̫̺˲ԣٻں֮ͷı仯Ѫ壬ǿȣﲻҶָ߶ȣҲԽʱˣɾͲ
֪¾ȥ
ʦʦڿָڿ볣һУԽˣ
ٻͻȻվȫѱ䣬Ҷȹ£岻ϲ
Ҷˣ¿ʼŲһףȡ̤ɣȥûʺΪʦΪѰöɼҲΪѰã
ͽúУṼʦ񰮣ͽϾȥأѰϺȥҴ㣡
ٻޱȼ뿪˷䡣
û뵽Ҷһ죬ΪʦҶ޸дۼ


497 ü
տʼٻ裬ҾҲҪվţҶṼʦ
ڻԻͱµȼ䣬ٻǲԺ棬Ӱ˸˫ͫŴδйġ
ӳ꣬ٻСΪܼӣҲδںʵһֱںԹ죬˿̣ȴš
ӣ
ٻӸţǰЩٻҵĸƺڹŵȴٻ֣һ
ˣҹ˶ظԷӴ˱ֻҪҶִҹڲκθ
Χ֮ʣȻٻƺһӢ֮͸Ӳʣһ޵ζٻֹ̬ȫˡ
ֱӺȳһӹԷķһʿЩԻͽеСˣȫȥֻʣѻָҹ
ҹʱͺúٹЩʱҪȥУҪƣǱƣȥҩȥɵöپö٣
ٻҹǲ԰һĲ̣Ӵóһƣҹת뿪Ӹ
лӣ
ҹõٻʹƣΪһʱ֮䣬ҹ֪¡
Է֮УһϸĹһһʿɣԼмλʿػŹ
أŹҩܼĵطֻ߲㡢߲ܵϿɲſԽ룬ûݣһԡ
ӣ
ʮλʿȻһӰʣòʿ¹
ٻҲûԣֱӿ빬š
λ¸ոѧõѿȭ
ҶһƬյأŲʱλſӹ߳һǰ
ȫһɫͬкըͻȻһȭƾճΧռ䶼ơ
񡭡
ž
ܵȭ͵һһȦȻΧһըȭڱը֮зڡ
ѿȭȻͬ죬ֻϧʺϵȻѡͨ
Щ׷׳Χȥ
ӡ
ҪһֻȻһһ㵡
Ҳ׷׿ȥٻȭƽ񣺡û뵽Щ꣬Ϊﵽɰ˽ףãҪﵽԲ̤ɣϲϲ
ٻҲͷЦݣӿУ˵Ҿͬ磬ǹѿһ̤ɣ
ŶⲻôôˣȥǷ糾֮أɸ磡
Ȼ߹߳һˣΪ׵һλʮͷ꣬Ҳſ֮УǱȽ곤һλ
һ߳ҲҪͿȶԴٻҪ̫࣬ƺλΪɵ
ɡ
ٻҲһʱû취˭ﳤϵӣڳ֮УȨĴҲײ񣬼Ҳ֮ţ޵ʮ״ԲϾҪ̤ɡ
һ̤ɣɾͳΪҽܳӣָһȡ
һһʮλӵٻǰͻȻɫһ䣬мȵҵ棬ڻɸ󶪾ˣҹӣ¹ҵ㶪ˣ
ԶԣӣΪҹӣҪעһ󣬲ҪΪĨڣ峤Ĩڣ
Ҫ㣬ҾͲˣˣ¹Ǹث֣
Ҳſ׷վٻӣʿʼָٻָͣٻƺΪǧָá
һҹӣȻڱܴ衣
ҹĶؼҲ֣߳ڲߣҲͣȻûȥֹ
˰ɣ˾һã
һǹսá֮ٻȻݣҲ̬ظʩÿһ·
˼ʥأݲˣɣɾȻ߳סٻ
ɣҶͬ壬ͬѪΪλҪѣβ̧֣Źһ
ɹѣٻȻһʱģ
ɵ꼸ЦǸΪҶ治֪ô峤ǰӣҲ֪ôģ
ڴʱٻͻȻֱͦɣңң벻ҪҸĸǣϣܶҵǸ
û뵽ٻͻȻôӲҹȻԿʱðɣǸûɣҪӸǸʲô
ˣǶ˵ҲǶҸĸʲôΪŮܶԸĸ󲻾ɣҵǸҲļˣٻ²ٴ˵
˫ͫɱǹ
ƣٻȻ˫֣ǹҲ磬ͬ壬ԼĲǸɣ
ǹôӽҪ˭ñΣ˭㣬ЦҲΪȻĳЦ
ת룬Ȼָ˭ɣҸĸԳΪӣ޶ԣվҪһս
һս
סˣ˶סˣһʱЦϣУԭѿձپֻ֪֪Ҫʮ֮һͿ԰
ûȫһڡ
˵֮䣬ٻ֣ĿʼӿһѪɫһѪɫǹǲѪ֮еѪڤ֮ǹ
ţ
˿һĻ˼
ֶΣʮ֮һ޷סӸոһָſ°ɣͻȻ֣һͻȻӥҶȡ
ʮ׸֣Ծ죬գۼ䣬ָݺݵγٻץ
ݡ
Ѫڤ֮ǹͻȻ̳
䡭
ֻǷֱָӰѪڤ֮ǹ飬ưٻʮףݺأһ
˦˦䡣
ȡ
˶ΪٻˣҲ֪ٻȻһ£˫ֳسӡ

һ̶סڲеٻȫȻѪ죬鶼ǺɫģѪ˿
Ѫ壬ȫѪڤ֮ǹ
ٻûϢһ£ʩչѪռþѪȼȫʵﵽ֮ǰʮһĿѪɫѪڤ֮ǹгΡ
ãȻ㲻ҾȻһģȫٻһ£ͥŲһָͬٻ
ƣ
ٻȫˣѪռȼգﵽ᲻ɴݵĵزԱеӳѪڤ֮ǹȻӭָ㡣
䡭
ֲըһѪ֮űըӣը֮ʯϿվһص
ôˣٻ˰ɣ
ƽɢȥ˿ʼ߽һܺ档
ɣܰϣ
Уһ˼鳡棬ɾȻٻһǹ̴ұۣͬħˣʱ쳤Х˻ѷΣȴܶһ£ΪѪڱٻա
ҵ㣬ҵǸ
ٻ;ƿݵزһᣬ浹£û˶ֻʣתͬħƵģһ򹬵֮⡣
ΧˣûӦ
꣬ٻôˣ
һ¹֮Уٻƶһű֮ϣػԱߣͷһ߶
ʱһ֮ӵ糾߽ͫģһԣһưٻţֿꡣ
ͷû󰭣ҺŮʱ֣
û¾ͺãȻû¡ԣ꣬Ϊٻȫõ޸ƺظ仯ƺһ޵ǿߣΪëϴ裬氡ٻУʻﵽɵȼ
æŲ֣һ˼顣
ɻŮʼҲţʮָӣǴɶ޲ߣȻڶ̶һ깦򣬾漣ָܷŷһʮرľѪȻԶ
ܸһõǷ˾ı䣬ã¿Աˣ
˿Ҳģ෴һЦݣͲס飺꣬ɲ֪ղΪѣѹȥﳤϸϣǷɣֱ۶ˣҪܣʮףȻٻˣ漣漣´ӴԺи߲㡢ϣٰȨţЩҲʲô꣬Ҫ֤ƽ£ܳ£ײϣ㣬ٳһ£
״ˣģŮڴغһ£ٴδ߶ӳֱٻȫɫѪ쿪ʼɱһѪɫͺ治ѣȴ޷оȻ


498 ǰս

֪˶ãϵٻȻһ
ܣܡ
һԣȻѣһϲãעһٻڣӴóһöɵٻ¡
ҡҲٵ£Ҳٱ۸
ʦٻʧһʧ㣬һḨС㣬С㡭
ٻƺ־壬ʼһ
ʦ
Ȼջһɻ˼λؼңҪ취Ϊȴû뵽ٻˣѰһʦ˵˭ĪǳԽɵĴڣһ
㣬㡭ô㣿
ʱٻѹҡҡͷģģŻˡ
ܣΪβǴ㣿
ذѣٻ㲻ҪҶúϢѸһɵָǺģķȨ󣬶֪ˣΪֻɣ֪ﳤϻô
ҿԣҵļˣ㻹е㣬ģӴԺܲٵģһ῿ԼŬ֤Լ
ٻŷһƶûУ񲪷ֻȻûжһ㣬ȼţһҪҪɽ磬ҪҷҪȡɽ磬ҪΪɽ֮Ϊɽ֮
ܰЦãã⣬úϢ֮ǰ㣬ѵˣԺҪͣ
㣬ʦʦңԺһʦܸ͵ʶɽ˵ٻԸӡ
һҵȲʦ
ˣ㣬ƺһ㣬ͰͻظϣҪУһãܾȥ
ãھͺúϢ
û취
Ӹ
Ҷ֣Ҷֵܣ
ҹŴŵڼæ
ҹ֣ż
һ򿪣ӭҶȳϢ
ҹվڵ⣬æ˵ǰЩأﳤӽ֣˫ˣڱСտţҪҪȥ
Ŷ
Ҷûϵᷢ£ٻԪԪϢã˵ٻһҲûУӻҹ侲СΪĪ⣬տӣһ·һǾȴƻָһЩͻ֣֮ǴСûа취Ҳ֣
ԣҶ˵Ҿððʧʧǰȥ˵ᱻСѵһ٣ϾҶֻǸԽȨ֮£ˣ¾ͲҶ֣ǣ
ҹͿת뿪ˣŷɸһ֮ҹʼҶز֮ͨõٻ⿴أҹҲþ򼸷֡
ͽʢ֪̣ҪĥҶȲ֪ʲôϵϢͲˡ

ܣǽڶɽ磬õһļǳʺ㣬ڲûзǷԺ¾ҽ㣡
»԰֮Уٻڽһݱ䣬һȭһϹţڱڣײ񷡣
ã̫ŻȭȻʺңͷǷʺҵĹ㣬Щʱ㣬ǣ
ٻõһļ˷ܶȥ
ļڶɽǷǳЩɸɽ磬ļ˼żŷͬѰθͻƴɣҪ취̤ɽ磬ȡԴҲϷչ
һĨ˼ŹΰգӰԽޡ
ӣڻˣ
Ӹٻһ̤빬Էҹͼæ߳ӭӣūҲǼеӭӣٻͳͳ뿪ҹҲָ࣬Щӣ汾ԺûҵٻͱйұҶִ̣
ףҹæ뿪й
ٻйˣͳͳϳԷû̤һκ˽йҲҪ档
ʦ
źһУٻͽһ࣬ƫ᷿ţͼҶգһʯ
ԺҪʩչѪ壬Դкܴ˺Ϊ߲٣һǴС㸨Чɣ
ҶȻۣһɨٻһк޶Σͳͳ
ٻش𣺡Ǵ㹦ͣʦѪʵ棬ɶϣֻŹҪķѴͽʦȥޣԴĥ
һطԴﵽĥĿġ
ҶҪ취ʵƿһֱ⣬Ȼ뵽ʲôٻֻɱսΪʦиõطɽɽ罻սҿȥսͨսɱ¾вϽҲѪɵˣɱһˣһ𣬵ڶ
ս
ٻѪڷڣѾԲѪϤҶѣҲ֪Ѫ֮󣬿κѪ޷ӶȭͷҼʹңҪԮ¶Ӧ˻˰ңңǵɽ磬һսʤɽ磬ҾҪķѹǰҡЩңɽֻѵһ°ңɿ壬ҽ̫Եɽ粻Ǿȥսնɱˣˡ
²˳٣ھһ⣬˵ҳȥǧҪ˵ȥս϶ȥ㣡Ҷȵͷ
ٿ
ٻҶ߳ƫ⣬ٻžʹһץһֳ
ಡ
һ֮Ҷͷųɲǰٻ룬˾ƾʧ
򾧱ϵԿɽ磬ء
Ӱ˲ھϵڣһɺǷٻɳΪҹӣӵһɺǷʲôϡ£˽ɺǷʼǿʻȥ
ٻҹϵΣ֪빫ӣ
ɺǷǺ֮л󣬲ʻɽ񷣬ǷڲҶٻУҶȺȻ˽ҡ
ʦҴںܶ꣬ڰɽٹ̣ȥңǵһңȵģ빫ӡͽй֮ҹϵţҼĶӣ͵õʮΪҸҪ飬㵹룡
ٻ渵˼Ҳܣʵʦѵһ빫йڣ
ҶȲ̫һҪȡսףôһ½磬ҶƽͷΪʦȷдΪʦҪնɱ룬ΪʦΪδﵽ̶ֳȣҲҪնɱȡڴﵽָ߶ȣٰնɱɱΪʦкܴ鷳
ʦ㵽ǺεȾ磬Ϊͽ㶼޷ٻɻ󣬸˳
ΪʦΪ㻹ǲҪ֪Ϊãʱδʱ֪ΪʦΪ
Ҷ˵ĲǷˣĽףٻ֪Ͼ²뷨ΪʦǶǸǿҶһ鷲ˣΪʦκ˶¶ȡ
ʦɳӪǿԻУնɱˣȻʦͽһһɱһٻ˵
ҶȿǺӣҳҪϣСӣϴ˴´Σӣӿٶȣ
ٻ̼ʯɺǷٶһͬƮɽһƬߵ
ɽ񷣬Ưʮž޴Ϸɽ羧ϵɽɽ磬ɽͨѾѽ˫սҲ
ǰ淢һɺǷ
һΧƯʮɺǷҾ޴ޱȣÿһǷ֮Уʿɽˣһңһ֮ǿմ̳ǿʻһڵȥ
ɽķ
ɺǷܿͶסһǷȥ·һɣս׷ɳǷһ취£Ƿ
һɢޣҪսԿɽ磬ȡս׼
ٻվڴǰʩ
ãǺܻӭѣҵȽս
ɻصɺǷ֮ڣǷͷһȥ⼸ɺǷͣܿͽ֮С
ಣ
սҶٻֳɺǷҲ봢䣬ʱ򣬴·ãշʮˣʼ˵ǼǣȻݡ
һˣڲķбըѪϢڲã֮ϣƯһƯЩǰҴϢ֮أǧ֮ࡣ
˽һһ죬ѯһ飬ʿȥͨУս
ֻӪγɶԳ֣һǰɽҾӣ޲ãˣɽƺϢûзģսķսսڼ
ǾⷽӪ֮Уͳ찲ţҲԵжɱԷһˣͣҪɱԷһõҸ߲ӼǲͶзߣ³ҲӦ֮Ϊ֮
һ죬ҶٻɵͽףƲֵۣͼˣսֻһãڻңȳ⼸Ͳٴˡ
ٻҷֿжκΣգҪ֪ͨΪʦսͬط£ߣ
ಣ
һ󣬾ҷߣս֮С


499 Ĵɱ
ãء洦Ƿ棬˷ȼſɻ𣬴һӡִĿģʲôۡӡڴ֮ݺᣬ˴Ŀġ
ĿǰʵٻǶ֣ǧͼ칭ȣ֣սɣɸ߽ףð죬ֻеȻɱͽɣ
һȥصĹ·֮ϣҶϢƲ㣬ڹ·Уʱʱд˷ȥɱɱȥޱȡ
ಣ
оûκǿϢҶ뿪뿪·壬ֶã֮У˸ʱҶһСս
ڲã֮䣬һٶɽˣеս׵ʿʿȺΧɽʮˣչΧɱ˿Ƹַɴ󣬲Ϲɽˡ
ɽҲʡ͵ĵƣɼɽ˶ԿѰ֧Ԯ
ɱ
ۿɽҪɱɽʮλˣʹɽһɱ˰ٶʿڵس
ڣ
ɽƺҲ׼ȴɽԮɱ˰ٶʿһʱɽһٶͻȻԼɢһɸ߽ˣͷһָ
䣡
˲Ϣ֮ӰɽӪ󷽣ͷһööȼյڻЩڻ޴ޱȣһţͱʮ棬ըɸ߽ףﵽɾŽףһڵͽɾͱը
ɽսȷ绹ҪҵĶ࣬ö뷢ɶҪը
Ŀɽ缤սҶľѣҺõ½磬ûд½磬һȥ̫λ군ˡ
ͣ
ҶͬǱɱ֣׼һɽ˵ˣڻʩչ޼ս׹һϱը棬κζ
һն£Ͱֵͽ˵ɣأ޼սˣɵͽ
Ҷ͵Ϯ֮Էˣʵɸ߽׶磬ҪһͽվǰҶȾҪɱҲס
һȥҶȾݷˣɽ绹ǰɽ磬־նɱ
սԭһСĦսԽԽɽмǧ˼սҶȾ֮С֮С
Ŷһɣңע·һ
̳ķ֮УҶֵһǰɽһɢһλˣŵľɽˡ
ݡ
սɲʲôƽսɾ֮ʣҶͻȻʩչ޼սһճն
çȦ
޼սҪն֮ʣȻӦһ£ٻһȦһס壬ͷһɫ
߳߳
޼սһնڽɫ֮ϣ̱𷵣ǽȦ̫Ӳ̣޼սɢ
û뵽һߣ͵Ϯүүպһŭ𣬾Ϸйˣ
ɻعͻȻ䣬һգһץȦͳģͬǶҶȡ
û뵽˵һȻֻһƷȷʵ쳣ˣһ
ҶҲк𾪣һΰɱȻʧܣָ׼ѴնɱȡçȦ
ȥ
ˣ߶çȦʱ˸һɫƺۣçȦʱתҶವһײ
ҪǱײУҪѲƤ
˼һĻˣҶȾȻû㣬ͻȻһƴǰ˻ơ
䡫
˻çȦײһçȦתҪѰ˻ƴݻ٣˻ƺήȥҶָһţ˻ƻΪף͵˲ץסçȦ
СӣȡҵçȦ˵Σ㾳磬ɼһĻֺǺǴЦͷŴҪٴδ߶çȦ
ǰɣƣ
Ȼ֮䣬޼˻״ͷţԵרѹ޼˻׿ʼɱçȦڲ
꣡
͵һһѪ˼鶢ҶȣôֱĨɱçȦ֮ҵ־
һƷɾ磬ǰкѶȣ
޼˻ײϼӳçȦңһѪҶָçȦ֮ϣһҶѹҶȷһӣçȦͳɼٷȥ
ߣ
û뵽һȻܻȡͱ˵ּҶçȦɱתͷɡ
ٶ̫çȦɾ޴ȥ·һСͬס˾޷ʹҽС
ž
һӰߣһͷͰˣڻɶ
һգҲ޴ӣҵʵѾﵽ۷壬һɹʵͿ߲٣նɱҲ׿ɵã
˦ȥһ߰׹ǾͲˣçȦҶģҺ޼˻׳䲻⣬ȡ˳ɱ˴ˣҪ濹⣬֪ҪҶܳɹնɱ
çȦԺɱ˸ף
գۣҶȾͳڰ⣬Ȼս֮УãҶȾûˡ
ٻԪ񲨶ƽûΣգʵɱ˲ɣֻҪһˣҪһʱ䣬ӦûΪعȻ𾪣
Ҷ룬ͽ֮£ʼçȦֻаçȦȫƿأſԸƷˣɹɡ
ǺѹҪȫҪһȥ
ڵѨһ꣬ҶȲŰçȦգʵҲǲ٣ȫӡ֮С
Ŷк
ҶսĴǱɱ˼ɣӡһҪɱɣģҶΪֻնɱ˵ɣҪȥ͵ϮһɣѰ·
Ȼǻ첻ˣǱ죬ˡ
һɽɣһǰɽɣ˴ɱأ̶ܲͬˣ˻໥Ʋӡ
žžž
һһ־Ǿ綾һһȭԣǿռ䶼˲䶾
һˣһɫӡоȻеı仯ɫӡÿһָѶԷ綾ƽ١
Ϥġ
ѵˣ
ڰҶȣѰͻƿڣȴʱǼɽˣʩչֶΣһɫϢϱʱʱ˸һĳҶȲ뵽빫ӡ
棬õԶһһǷŹҪҲҪõŹٻУ϶
Ҷɱû뵽սҵˣ¿ɺãǲԩҲͷʼ߶çȦ޼սҪʱ֡
죬𣡡
ͻȻ˶Ѿ޷˺ۣˣͻȻ˫һϣһɫӰϷ
뷣
ɫӰͻȻһ⣬ֱ˷˶ɣ壬಻ԡ

˿׼ʱٴλûӡеɫӰȻ룬һָаɱȥ
ͣ
˷һͷһ̣һ֮Ӻ󷽴̴࣬çȦһϢа˷ȥסһϢ롣
ǧͼ
һǧͼͷųҶһץסԴռ֮С
һҶȣΪɽˣģңң
Ҷɭɭвȣ빫궯аʵʵ߱ȻԷŹ㣡
˵˵үˣڱչأûаǲصģ
Ϊ󷨹ֻҲŽӴһ㣬ͳͳ׳һԣ
Ҷһţʵʵһе˳

˵֮ҶϢͻȻһ˻ǾͱҶȶᣬӡ֮С
ҵˣл·ԣ
˲ɱˣմǧͼڹ֮УҶ̷һǵ֮УϢ
СӣȻԤһ½˳ƴعɽ磬һǱչУꡭ֮˭֪ҵľ磬ﵽ־磡
룬ϴɾӣгһȥȡ
ҶһЦû뵽ջ񣬻ϢȻʬ廹Ҫмֵ
֪빫ڱչˣҶŵһģʱаʱȥΪնɱ빫ӡ


500 
󷨹
ǵҶϢôǧͼһƬ޿ռ䣬κ˶ᷢжߣǴﵽ־֣ſԸӦ˿΢
Ҷģһģÿһ֣˶ɣо󷨹֮ﵽľ磬һģһӣЩһ߶ܴ߶Ǽ᲻ɴݡʥĽշӰ
ȿž󷨹к֮
Ҷȷһץʬͳˣһʼͷţʱһɫγɵӣ˵ͷųʮ֮һӷɳ
ʮӣˣûаѾ󷨹޵þҰЩɣǿԺܿѾ󷨹һ

ʮӣʼתҶһһӣȡС
󷨹Ȼֹ֪ǾżʮǳԽʮĴڣҹֲܳΪҲɽ糬ȹܿģңһһأ
Ժ֮УʱķŽɫģÿһ֣̺һģҪ꣬ɼ󷨹жô
˻˻
ȥҶ棬ȻϢ飬ÿһĶתޣȴܵʵϢ
շӰ
Ҷ˫һϣĻΪ⣬⽥һһɶߵĽɫӰͬһبŵĹŷȻͷʥѹаʥϢ
ţ
һֹˮҶȣͻȻ˫ۣһָǽɫӰһָҶüͷһ壺Ȼ˿˿ԣȻƮ죬΢⾻󷨹֮Уĵȷȷ̺˿˿ԣ
ѵҵõôϹ󷨹Ҳǲȫ
ҶȺȻܵһɵ̫ܿͰԾ󷨹ѹ
壬ͱ̫죬Ҳ޷󷨹ɹնɱˣˣ󷨹һ㣬δԲɼ󷨹жôУԵ
̫ں£̺֮ϢܿͰ̫һɣһ̺Ե̫һ֮УôҶ֮Уӵ
̫޼˻ף󷨹
ֲõ޷նɱ빫ӣԭħϢѹ
ߣ빫ӿҵĻǣǸǣȻһοԴٻһ
һʱ겻ѣ½빫ӣһһзŷע
ҶһֱڴһҪٻΪʦҶȿԺ̫޼˻״ٻͨԴڵģΪϹ־ĴУֻеõ־ſ
ٻûеõУȻ޷žͨ
ҶõһȻ֪󷨹ײƵ̶ֳȣҶ飬ңõ󷨹Ϳֲв㣬ҳ취ٻȥ
ȻͬСɣ빫½磬ҶȶδĹкηǷ󷨹ŸܵصĲԣ󷨹Źպÿٻ
󷨹ֻһ㣬˵岻־У޷о裬󷨹ٻȥ򣡡
Ҷֿʼ󷨹֮ϰöӣԺһעٻڣ󷨹͸ˮ
ٻҪ󷨹ҵˡ붼Ҫף涼޷ٻȼ磬Ϊٻ֮ʣҶȴ̫⣬ٻӵвԣԺ󷨹ųԣȻӦ֡
󷨹Ϊﵽ߽ס˽۷壬Ҫѹ磬ͻƣһͻɾͿӵиǿ󡢼̵ʱͻף
ٴʩչǧͼǵϢҪǱ˷֣ҶȾΣա
ͷŰɣ
һ˶Ӳ۳֣ɫľϵ̲Ҷڳ

˳ͬˮϯȼգҶ¯彥ֳ
¯ȼգȻҲ˼ʵĽɫ¯ڣɽ編򣬻׷ĵַ򣬶ڻ¯ɫ¯֮ͷš
ɽ磬涼ɱ䣬¯ǰӼ̣Ժͻƾ͸ѣ
Ҷҡҡͷͼ¯ʼ׳ʮɾ޴ͣҶ񱻹ڻ¯֮Уűտ
ɾһƿ̤ףʹɾڣʵͨʵķԾ
ɣ
·ٱ仯֮ʱҶڱը̫ǿ󡢺嫣Էȴɽ編׵ǹ˾⣬δУֻԶŻ磬Щϵʿǿ壬Է֮Գ
ʣҶѾﵽһ޷͵ľ磬˭Ҳ뵽ҶȻһ鷲ˣҪɽ紫¾ߵĴڣɽҲ촫档
䣡
һȭһȭڽɫ¯֮ϣҶȹȻо已̥ɽ編ѹȣֱ޷⡣
꣡
Ҷǿȭ֮ڴ״ƿ¯һ飬ƬʼҶ
ͻףȻˮǴߣԺɷӡڶԿףһս
ҶȰͻϢ壬ڽ֮ϣ˵ƽڼ
ԽߣʵԽǿܵɽ編ԽԽᣬɽУȷҪȡѸΪһ棬滹Ҫܵɽѹȣ޷УҪʱѹɽ編򣡡
һץǵɽ˲룬ವһ£ҶȾͷɳǵ˷սȻڳ֪Ҫꡣ
ȻͻףǲԿˣɶ񣡡
ҶȻǸܵһ޵ѹȣܵоɣоǴ棬
ʩչٶȣҶһƬսս
ڽ٣ɱҶȰϧ޷ˣͿԻûģ䲻նɱҸ֣
Ҷϰ취ǻûģˮ㡣
Ȼóİ취Ҷʮɵͽס߽ˣȻ׷նɱ

ҶѰ֮ʣȻһϵĽײҶĿ⡣
ֻ֮ϣһȺɽ֣ȻΧɱͬһɽˣһɱˡ
úãҲȺɱȻ˻ᣬ׵˽Ϊˣ޷ɱȻɣ
ҶϢĿתעյεα仯
ʮɣа˽ף׷ɱһɰ˽ǿߣ˻񣬱ʮ׷ɱȻôá
ǱҰɽӪ̽飬ɶ̽ӣ뿪
һ˽ɣɼף˽ɱˡ
ǹƨ̸УҪԱնɱǰɽҰģ
𱻰ΧˣԽԽæҡ
ԭɽϸɽ絹Ҳмı̸Ըɽ磬ɽɽȷȫսֻ֮ɽҲû𣡡
Ҷȣ
ɱңǾɣҲҪشۣ
ˣͶ·ȻһŷǷ֮У͸һɿµ׽Ϣ

ʮǶǾþɳĽɫһ֪ǹŷ򵥡
ˣǾɣƣ
˿̣ɽˣȻͨռߣ֮ǰͷһŷ֮С
ף
ҶȴʱҲʩչ޼˻ףһס
䣡
꣡꣡ꡭ
ǹŷȻըˣһʱ䣬һ׽֮ձʮֲ׽˸γɴһ˺գʮ˶סˡ
֮У֮׽γ黨״ʮˣͬ黨һŤвϴʹ

ҶȾȻף׽֮С
ͣ
һ˲䣬׽ٻҶȣ׻⣬գҶȳ䲻֣ͼһˣʹţеĴ˶޷֧ţ׽ٻУһϢܿͲ׽֮С
ʱҶȾ̫ͬžޣһ磬Ͱһˣ׽ȫ򣬲ʩչ޼˻ɱһˡ
ಣ
һץɣҶȾһʧڼʧ׽ٷ籩֮С


501 ս
׽˵جΡ
Ҷ˵ȴΣտԣ޼˻ףõԶ󴫳Уݺκ׽֮С
ԭɱҶȸûлᣬǡʩչ׽٣ȴҶȡɣջҶȻ淢֣޼˻׿Կ׽٣֮ĸ
ζȡʮɣʮһ̤ɾӦûж⣬ԺǱչˣȫһᵽɾ۷壡
Ҷվգһʹ⣬ֲһԨ֮Уʼһɡ
ҪҶڷ磬һɣԵɽ磬Ҷɽ編ϴѾﵽ˰״̬ǷȻҪҲޣһɵͽһ߽޷Ҷ
񡭡
ҶȾޣһ֮ʣԪȻһһΣˡ
ãٻΣգԸ񣬲򲻵ѾԲԮ
ҶȲ뷢黹Ƿˣ֮гٻϢҶ˽ٻǼ㣬УͷԲò
ಣ
Ҷʩչǧͼһǲ磬޴ȥ
սһֻս𲢲ңֻս봦һٶɽ֣ȻΧɱʮˣȫǰɽһˣȫǶ֣ٻȻҲС
û뵽ôùݷ꼰أ
ԭٻûвս֪֮ʵս֮޷ԱϾ඼ɣһɣֻ·һ
˫ɱ֮أûа취һ˳޷ͻΧȥķûκγ·ɽһ˲ϵ£Ҳˣһ䣬Ϊһ
ٻҪţΪʦΧϾͻ͵ϮɽӪһ±ҿʼͳҳΧȦΪʦӦ㣡
һٻԺ
ʦ
ٻָ侲ݷ
˿ɶɡһֶΣ޷Էƻֻʩչ޼˻ף
ս֮⣬ɸֺ󷽣Ҷ֮УɽôҲţǱһ˫ɱڵ˫ǡ
ҪͻһٶɷǿɲǿЦģֻȫһֻ޼˻׿ֲ䲻⹥
ᣡ
սϿգһƬŤռ֮УͻȻһУɽȻ֮䣬һƬ޼˻ͬӿ
߳߳߳
һ޼˻ͬҡڣ˺ѿռ䣬߳߳£ѴԽգɷ
䣡
ɷһ׹һٶˣʱо巢飬֮иоֲֲǷǳǿ󣬹ؼ֮һɷǷϢϢ̺ķ̼ɽ編ѹ
ɲǼ䣬һٶɣ̺֮ط򣬸סˣһѷ죬ɽʮ˿׼ᣬһǱɳ
׷ɱղͷ׵ĵˣ˸ҷֿ׷Щ˻Żȥɱ
ɽ֮Уһͳһٶɷֳɼʼɢȥ
ͣ
ҼٷɽӪұˣһɣȻһ̴Ȼ顣
ɶ񣡣
һɣٻۿűԼǿʮ˱ɱоһļ¡
㡢ʦҪǽٻٻҵſʼôȥռ
ٻо޾ǣһ޾Ĳ񷾡ͷƺһ߹ʩչ߶ȫѪʼͣһѪˡ
ৣ
ٶ屶ֹֻһѪɫۣٻͲӰ
գһĽСӣȻЩɸ߽׶λϱ챦׷
ʮˣγֱ߳ٻʧգһɵۣû뵽һĽߣôܵˣЩɿɶǸ߽ףס׵ôʧȥټʱ߷ṩٶ׷ɱȥ
һƬսµķ棬˶󣬶ҵǳֻս̡
ʦ
ٻ֮Ǳʱա
𶯣úϢʩչռȼյͷʦ
Ҷȴһָٻϣ̫ʱӿ룬ٻ˲Ϣ泩Ҷת󷽣һࣺٶȣ޷ӹ׷ɱһζȥҲǰ취ɽ羭Σ϶Ը˷ңԺҪ͵ϮǾϼѣ
ٻɫָȻʦͽϲֻʮɣ뼸ɡͽԤ룬̤֮ɰ˽סŽף
ܴĽ׽˽סŽ׾ͲˣϲѪռԶԿĽ׵ףɽߣģʮˣΪʦҪȫնɱһΪʦҪһ׽
ѪڷڣɱڱҶѾͷ׼ɱ䣬ٻоƣһЩϢĸоתʱ
칭
һץ칭ٴγģɽ磬һȫɱʮɡ
һЦҶȾתûա
СϢΪξƬʧˣ
ʮˣɱȴٻϢķʧ
СϹȻ챦һĽϣϢ֮п϶һƷúѲ飬Сˣɲܰװ˷ѣ
˶ʱ´ʼһռ䡢
ݡ
ոշֿҵٻȡǣͻȻ֧˸׹ı֮
ٶ̫죬ֱƿն
͡
ˣȻ˿δܵκβͱ֧֮͸ţűֳҶȣ롣
ڴǧͼƵĿռ䣬һжҵףɣҲ޷ȥ
Ҷϳ˵ЦݣëȻȻһ߳˸ռŤһ֮ңǰͳˣѰһըµĹ֡
˻ı׼
һץ֧޼˻ɵı֮ˡ
ףȻ֮УһٶҲ޷ȼ磬޼˻׵챼֮ϾƷ칭ǿı֮ٶж졣
棬ǶҶͷŴǧͼƿأ磬Ҷǿ״̬ؼһҶڿԷ׾磬Խնɱס˽׵Ŀֲˡ
˻ı׼칭ϾǿìǧͼǿĶܣìϣҡ
ͣ
䡭
֧˻ı׼ͻأˣһ߽ˣȻ赲˻ı׼廹ܵش̳ķһźţתҪߡ
Ҷû׼һ֧˻ı׼֮ʣѸײڶ֮ƴ̴š
λ䡭ã˴й죬ȳȥ
ڣǧͼָķǿߣͬһʱյǰźţʱʼͻƶȥ
ѵҵĵߣɱɣ
ʣʮߣҶҲûȥ׷ɱһȻڸղᣬʩչ޼˻֮󣬴ﵽҪݽߵز
已̥׾磬Խ׷ɱɸ߽ˣԭҶ޷£ڲòȫԸУնɱɣҲҶȴﵽ;ƿݵز
̫¯ȼհɣҪЩɣɱ˵ɱȥҲһͷΧɱٻƽߣ
ھԲȫɱҶȿʼȼ̫¯ֿʼһɣӳ
ɱ
һƾһ֮ңһҶȾֱӳǰһץ߶칭һ֧֧˻ı׼
Сģ
Ϊﵽ߽ס˽׵ǿߣʱо˻ı׼Ĳ߶мס˾Ӧһ֧֧˻ı׼ʬҲؿռߡ
ƣ
һ߽˴һҶڿռ䣬һȭռ䶼ѣҶʧһ㡣
䣡
Ҫ⣬֪һ֧˻ı׼һ䲻䡣

һʱ䣬˷ɱҶȾǸɱУҶȻ濹⣬ôǧͼ칥
ͻͻͻ
ҶһգռԦҲڲ֧һ˱һңڴߣ編Ϣڲѹ׷ӿ˳
ˡ찡һˣ
ʱ˿̣˶ˣͬҰһ㶢Ҷȡ


502 
ˡʦȻǷˣ
ɽʮˣڿռٻԼ䣬Լľ
ɸ᮹¼֮ٻǱʶ;ҶȷͬһˣΪҶǹΪʲôףסɶԡ
ٻһֱģУֻɴԲǴɣŷҶݣǴ˿ۿʵٻ۾ˣӵжԿɡնɱɵ
ˣˡ
λӾȻһˣǾͲߣղֹ£Ѿԭα¶Ѿ֪߲ͨ㣬ɳԮնɱӣǻ׽ӣǼ߽ס˽п߼˼
ɽʮˣ˴죬Ļ޴룬һɰ˽ǿˣǳ֣һֱڰй۲죬֮ҶһǱ˴⡣
˵öԣһܶԿبûУ˵һ㣬˾ȻԷ֮ɽ磬ɱɽ編򣬿϶ز뷨
һ˵
һɷ߳а˵˱ضߣУҪܶӵˣ
ЩɽˣղŻһȺȹϣΪ˻Ѱҳ·֪ҶȻҲ£ҪҶȵܡ
ϧ̫ͣΪ̫ͣﵽɾ磬ξͿȫʮˣһһһնɱ񾳽磬ֻܴﵽһ
ҶɫȻûһ˿ţͷųԭɱϡӵвԵıһ棬мʮˣҵȷһˣôôһԷ֮նɱˣ
ǸɽδǸɽҲûУҪҵȴ޴ˣСӣͶɣֻҪ뷨ǿ϶ᣬǿԽΪֵܣ
һվһ˲ҶΧסһ˿϶ʣҪһͨɣƸֱ
ʲô뷨᲻֪һеʹ˵Ҫȡܣҵϣʲô£Գɽ磬վͺúüʶʶλɣ
ҶȾȻߣҪȺһս
һ鷲ˣԲѣ㼸ֱ棬Ϊɽ㷲磬Сӣ³ܲң
˽ĵ˵
˻ı׼
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾʹ߶칭־ץһ֧֧˻ı׼ԼΪģո߸Ծչķ
סˣٿкα£
ɸ˫һƣһγɼ᲻ɴݵʮɫеƾϵһ財
͵Ϯɱɵ⣬濹⣬칭Ҳ޷䲻նɱˣ
ܵ纣ķҶȶԾи
ԭӷ絽ɽ磬һδԽնɱǿУԷ֮նɱɣʷǿǧͼ칭ӵҶҲ޷նɱǰЩɣǾ̫ͣ޷߷
ûзҶھͳκһɣоͿɾնɱˣҶҲֻ·һʵҶʵ
ԽնɱɣǷǱĬڤڤ֮оͻԷԣκζΣյһͷǷǿԼսһʶͺѵõĥ޷ߡ
ʱʩչǧͼ칭ȫԸҲ޷ɱɣҶʵҪԡ

һ֧֧˻ı׼ɷһһɢɷ᲻ɴݣȻһҲܵɾɣ͵Ϯ֮ʱǰɱ޼˻Ҳ޷˺ɡ
λӿһ߼ֻʵ̫С񽣹Ҽңңȡз
ɽЩɣͬʯ޷𶯣ȫҶȹסѿҶƣ޿֡
ȥʦԽԽΣա
ٻһĻ޲æϸϸһ룬ʵ޷֣ҶȷŷԴԴϵɿ⡣
ҶȱΧɱΪͽܣٻĲѣڤڤ֮УоҶܣԷ̤֮ɽ磬ѹɽ編նɱɣ𾪾ɽ硣
ȻԤϵһҪ֤ĶѾɣɲ̫󣬶һҪͻɾȥУܰ˼һζڷ֮ϣȥ̶޷԰Σ
ʱҶȶ̤ɽԼ˸˽⡣
λҾͲλȥˣҪӱ̵ô̫棬ջôһ죬ǻεǿ󣡡
ٿ
ʮɰΧҶȣȻмһ֣ݲ߳һ˾ʧˡ
ãСѾӦԮ׷ûĿ꣬ҲҪ׷ɱˣܷŹ
һɿŵߣưڸݣɢ˷׷ȥ
ղź˵ã汾߰ɣ
һ߽ǿߣոշɳǧԶӦķһֻ֣ͻȻӱҲӦƺ£Ҫ˾ͱռ
ʦǺ֮С
ɽããһǺݺᣬû񷣬ʱҶٻһκڶ֮߳ٻɲǼΧɫȫ䣬ǺӣһʱǴҲǺ֮㣬ᱻǺ֮
Ǻӣ
һ߽ˣҲһڶǱɳȴܣһͱǺ֮ʼѹȣǺӷ籩壬޷徹ȻǵǺѹ顣
žҪȥһֳ߽Ըӵ𺳡

ҶͻȻһٻһȭţһʬգֻصٻߡ
һ߽ˣǺӣȻҲᱻǺӻѹ䡭ʦΪǺ֮㣬ŷһռ֮У
ٻҶ˲ɱһ߽ˣǺ֮УʱɻҶʵ޷Ǻ֮㡣
ûֶΣɽ磬ɿ⣬Ϊʦ֪ɶ֣ȴ⽻֣ûֶΣѰ·
Ҷ˵ʱƴǧͼڷ֮Уܵѹǧ򱶣ȥһգ޷ƴǧͼҲҪɣѹΪһɳ
ɺǷ
ٻ⣬ٻɺǷҶȻ־С
ʦǷˣ
ɺǷҶٻͬʱ˿ϾԺǺӣһĪĿ־壬ٻϢ𽥻ָ̲סʳɻ
ôٻǲǺˣ
ҶһЦ̬ٻ
ٻҡͷٻʦٻңʦ˵ĶԣôֻҪʵһԳ۳ɽ磬ԭٻлһ˿ң񿴵ʦһ;ֻп̿಻Уʦһľͨ
ܺãܿһ㣬ҲΪʦûп㣬ս֮УȻݣջȴܴʦжʮɣʮɣ㹻ṩΪٻһҶΪοһץʮʬƯ
ಣ
ٻҲͷŶʮʬ壬ֻмҶһպðʮֺãһһ롣
ʵٻҶ֮ϣϾٻɽıԴˣӸϾͱȷɽҪ̫߳࣬ճٻٶȣҪԽҶȣʵȴͬ
Ҷ̺̫һ̫¯޼˻סʮЩͨۺٶҪٻʮ
ʦѪ壬ӵѪ˹ȻһڰꡢǧУٻ롣
⿿Ѫ廹УѪֻһɼҲȫ֪Ǻ˴䣬㻹Ҫͨںϣ಻ֶΣٶȲſԳԽˣ
Ϊʦ˴նɱһˣҴϣȡ֮
Ҷ¶˿ƵЦݡ
ٻ̾һλ棬õһϹ׳ڶɽ綼󣬿ɼһͬѰ
Ϊ󷨹ǳȻֻһǰ㣬ֻҪУͻĪջΪʦھʹ㣬ΪʦȰӣڣŲ
ಣ
˵֮һſŽӣҶķɳٻ壬ٻʱһԶŴʥ
Ǻεʦͽоһ˿˿ͬٻһٶ֮Уͷһġ
ٻ󷨹ܿһһ֣̺˲ԣʦϾ󷨹ǵһ㣬Ҳ㣬ĹʧҶѾ죬ᳬԽˣ
һٻԺ

ٻһ̣Ըӡ


503 ɰ˽
ٻ᲻֪Ǵ˵еĴڣɽ죬һֱߣǴõÿһǶɽ۷ߡ
ɽ£û˵֣Ȼһɽ磬ɽңȻ֡
ʦ̫˼飡
ٻǲţԼڵӣмеľ󷨹Ȼһڰɽ磬ɼδֹο
˫ͫ⣬ҶȣʦһĪҲߣ
󷨹ֻ㳬ԽɼĴڣҲŲߣ޷ߣԾӣ룬ɽɼȫһɼǶ䱦οһ
ͬߣٻ󷨹ΪʦУѾһ죬Ѳĵطںϣõʣ๦ٸ֮׾󷨹ͻ㵽ʱһߣ
Ҷƽ˵ڴ;󷨹
ߣߣħߣߣڤߡͳͳȥѣʵȫߡ
Ҷֵٻרо󷨹ȻҲں߼ԼȥֵģΪΪ񼶣ȻֻȥУֻǰ«ư󷨹Ϊʦ죬ɼ֮䣬ʺУ
лʦٻͿʼˣ󷨹ӣʦʧ
ٻż飬ʼҲ޷ƽʼУץסһɣƯǰͷѾһӡ
ɽԴɣ
һǺ֮еɽͬ嫺ˮӿɺǷӿڲռ䣬ɺǷһȭͷȥ
źӿ룬ٻҲȻմһϵĽշӰϵĳڽչŷڲÿһĶΧշӰҲԽʵ
ĵĺܳףʵ̫һʧȥǧͼ칭ҵʵ׶磬ڼ׿ʼӡ칭ǧͼҪȥϿ˷ѹأ
һ칭;ڵ֮УǧͼͼҲһӡһҶȴ߶ͻᱬ
̫¯
˫ֲۣһʥ̫¯Ҷ֣ʮɸߴͣͭƣڲܻ棬ҶУоκȣ̫¯ڷɽ
ಣ
߽ʬ壬ҶΧ̫ܵ¯߶֮ʼȼգðҶȡڡ
Ž𵤣
ҶϢһŽ𵤾ʹʬ帹ɳҶͷϵתһ˿˿֮ʼҶͷ
ɽһƵȿɣûҷɢˡʥ̤ɽ硭
֮ʣҶҲڿԺ飬ʼ繵ͨӦûκ鷢Ϳʼֹˮ
ӣҸʱ䣬󷨣Ѳֵɽ磬УУ
ҶȸоʵȱҪǿ󣬽Ҫ죬ѾԽ˱
ӵʮ٣ʮԴ֮أʮ޷ֹģʮںϣʵϽٶȻҪȱ졣
ָ࣬ڿʼףӴҲѹƾ磬ͻɾɾˣɽ֮
ӡǧͼ칭Ժ뿿ʵû߾磬޷սʤǿУҶȾӴԺѹƾ磬һﵽͻ״̬͹ͻƣԽǿ󣬲¸
֮ʣҶҲ̫޼˻һ޵ĴУһǵڰĴУǶӵ޷һﵽеľ磬ҶȾսʤսʤκεˡ
ͣ
̫¯ڲʱֲֿ޼˻ף̫⣬ȴص̫һգںϣ̫һһ̨ϻһںϣɡ
컯ȭ졢Ե
ͬʱҶҲݻ컯ȭǰʽÿһж춯أһʩչ컯ȭ
޼˻ݱ޼ս˻Ƶȵ̬ǹڲݱ䡣
ˣ
ʱɺǷڲȻһҶ̷ۿȥ
ٻŷȫ󷨹裬һץһģһշӰͿԸɱˡ
֮Уӵһִݻ־Ĩɱǵ󷨹ȻٻʵѾͻĽףﵽ׽ף۷壬ֻҪɼˣͿͻ߽ס
ȥսڣǼ깦ٻͻ󾳽磬Ľײף˼飬һҪǾ󷨹͡
ٿ
̫¯ڲҶץʬ壬ͷŽ𵤣ѱȫֳŽ𵤡
ʱͻ׽ף
꣡
һȫͷſǽڲҶ챬ըڱڣһɫ¯γɡ
¯̫¯ڲγɣѾҶȰȼգҶȫͷŶĿ⣬Ϣ˫Ŀ֮Уʥ⡣
ף
˫ȭһץһȭͰѻ¯һƣһȭ¯ͱ˲ݻ١

ͻƻ¯ҶͷĹâ̫¯оɱ̫࣬޷
ףȻףһնɱھͿʼ׼ͻ߽ףͷŰɣ
ͻ֮ҶֱɽǺϻвʯʼոֱֻҪ̫һһͰգתΪ̫һ
̫¯Ҳ̫һҶֻգۣͿ԰κɣȻתΪ̫һ
Ҷһָоʮںϻ̫һڤڤ֮ѳԽ̫⡢޼˻ףȻûǽȵҶȽɵۻֲ֮Żֳ
ʴˣҶȰ̫⡢޼˻ͳͳתΪ̫һ̫һգҲɣѳԽκ
߽ףƣ
ҶҪͻƣܾ
һ¯ֿʼ֣ͬͭǽڰҶȰΧȼգħҪҶɣΪҽ
¯γһ״̬֮ʣҶһȭմ¯һҶҲһ巢ž졣
ƣ
˫ȭͬʱ¯һδ𶯣ڳѺۣɢһ¯飬Ƭ̫¯嫵̫һȫӿҶҶֻоһ̲ɱ䡢ڲ
̫һϯ̫¯ƵɽǺ㲻ɽҶȽֻҶȿɲȥҪͻơ
߽ףɾ߽ףоǲһȼ߽ʵʵһɽߣ̫
ڻ已̥ɾͻͺܿ٣ԺɣΪһˣоҪһ׵ף¶Ҫʮ깦򣡡
Ҷìܣ̤ɾɾˣ֪Ҫȷǧٱ󾳽磬ҲҪ̤ɵ۾ǳħ꣬Ҳǻ꣬ųɾʹۡ
ٻĽףͻףҲԭ
ٻǱԴˣ˳ӵΪٻĽףô꣬ò鵤ҩ´УͿʼĽ׽ף׽ףǾǿ󷨹á
˱ˣǲȥȽϵģҶȣҪ֪棬Űʮ꣬Ļ˶ἵ
ͻݣɰ˽ף
ӡ󷨱ҶڷʼֱӴ̤ɰ˽ףǲ˼飬ڷǲܣοɽ硣

ǻ¯ֳˣ֮ǰӼ̡
䣡
һȭ¯Ȼ˿ŷѳԽҶȱʵҶͷ̫ٴһ
һλ¯͵һ𣬳ѣҶһһƣһͰѻ¯顣
ɰ˽ףѹǿľ磡
ͻ󾳽磬ҶѾﵽ״̬ѹƾ磬ڻǷӡֲ̫Խնɱ˵
Ҷ̫Ӵ󣬱ȼɣɵɲ࣬ȻԽնɱɡ


504 һǹ죨1
ͻư˽ףҸоһȭܴһǿߣɰ˽ǿߣȫԸҲնɱӴ˲ɣв
ʼ̫¯̫һɰ˽ףٴɱ䣬ҪҶʵֲṩԽɰ˽סŽսҲ´࣬˿Σա
Ҫ֪ڷ֮ʱҶȻһףӵбȼһʵ̤ɽ磬ɽ編ϴõ죬ʵȻǷ
Ϳɾնɱɣɽ磬ɾնɱɾ͸ס
ʦϾҪ򣡡
֮ʣٻ
ɺǷ֮⣬ٻܵԴϢ뿪ֹͣʥϢֱһ·Ӣߡ
ٻҶȱ̫¯ʱ֣о̫¯ŷ޴ޱȣ̺ԻһеϢ
ಣ
̫¯ȻСͬһʧҶģҶȳ濴ȥɺǷպʻ򣬽뾧ϵٻջɺǷ
ٻѶԾ󷨹ǳ˽⣬ôҪȥʵͻҲָտɴɻ̫С̤ɷŲԼ
ãգ·ǺɽҶȻš
ٻһĨȣʦٻ۽磬ԺٻһȥУŻɳ
ãΪʦǷˣҲҪͣУ빫ӾʦУΪʦҪʵնɱˣΪʦ½һУʹ֣֮ǻúУ
ಣ
Ӱգ۾ʧڲãա


С㣬ӻˣ
һռڣڱĿУһͬߣռκʶǷڴʱһԪ֣ǻڡ

һüһУͰѿռ룬ڹ֮УʱƿŹڡ
̶̼꣬˵գۼεǺ⣬ҶȳȥһǸʦ飬ߣȥ
һӣϯŻڼռ˸һȻͳڹӸ
ʦˣǳȥɣ
ոջعҶٻ֮£ٻ⿪ʼ˸֪굽̳Ҷȵͷǰ棬Ҷƽ󣬲
ܣȥһȻջСȻͻƵף֮Уŷ̺һϢҲһǸʦͰɣʱʦܸʶ
԰֮Уճŵٻӭͼ꣬һ۾ǵ⣬¶Цݡ
㣬Ϊڲ̨棬ɣ
ٻǰҶһ۲վٻ󣬶Ҳͬػ
ٻ˵ʦлʱһȻ㵽ʱԻˣŵ볤Ͼۻᣬѵ·
ܹȻˣʼע£Ǽۻᣬķϡ˷嶼ᵽвٿܣۻҪǽڴСС񣬻оЩ󱲾ۻᣬĵã
֪УϣԲμξۻᣬ׵⣬ϣ㿪ʼӴλϡҪ棡
˵
ٻϳһھΣůģ׵⣬Ϊ·ģÿھۻᣬһڳǰúñֵĻᣬǧŻؼңϳɹնɱа϶ھۻϣв˻ս㣡
㵹Ծۻûʲô飬УȺ竹Ӷѣܿ϶Ǿۻص㣬ʱܲսҪ׼ڳúÿ㣬ҲΪ󣡡
һĨߣܿʧֵ˵ɽ̸УսֹܻͣǧˣΪս𣬰ɽҷϣҿҪдѹķҹϵһ㣬ֲǺܺãʱᱻҶϣξۻᣬҲǳһȾۻᣡ
ܻǵãҶּҪɳһҹӣڳ϶ͬǴҳߣӹһ٣Ҷϣ㣬λЩ鷳ٻƺ뵽ʲôġ
ҡ
Ȼ˸ɱ˶ǿҸܵɱŷڼǧڣ˳ĥѣЦԿңǰұƻңҲҳߣӵһС㣬£޳ǵʾˣǲ⹫˺
ٻӦǴΪ
ٻһ֣Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻԺҶ֪̫еٻѿڶ㣬ǴΪ
Ŷ
һǻҲǾ㵣ƺû뵽ٻΪλῴ㣬ʵܣΪڳ϶޷ƣΪ֪
⡭
ٻ֪˵죬ֹֻ֮С֮̫꣬ʶƳһҶȣҶȲҸڹɵЦ㣬⡢ʦ˵ģʦоϢޡ
ҵʦӸȤƾִܸ㲻ǴˣʦµĲȷǴΪͲҪʣžʦŲһ͸㣡
ˣ׼׼껺վ뻢忪ʼŤգһԭƿնȥ
Ҷ̾һŮӣܶԽɽ紳ٻ˲ٿͷԺҵӣ뵣ڼϣ
㡭
ʱ˿̣ٻŷҲоʲôһϵоޱ䣬ٻɳɱ䣬ٲǸ竹ӡ
⼸úУʱºúÿյ㣬㸸㣬Ҳ֪ģ
Ҷĳٻ򣬶תȥٻվĬһۿʪˡ

žžž
մ磬Բι룬ϲžͣ죬ԼǧҪнۼһãж֡
ÿϯ̨ɽʳƣȻΧڲҸ߲㣬ǹһЩߣϯ̨ʮȨֱǳϡ峤мߡ
꿡·໥ƣԺۣ߲ڽҾۻһ֡
ŰҾҪɳʹߣÿ塢ҪƷһʨӴ󿪿ڣҪһѪ
ϯ̨һߵ˵
Ҳû취£֪ûɽսȥͷˣ俴ˡ
λ棬ϣ֮ǰ棬ҽɹƷ£ֻаչϽɣΥԸ
һϳϣڱȼһź룬һĿ⡣
ϣ⻰˼ѵǾԼⲻΥ巨ԸһߺȻϣ˼
棬Ҳһ£ǳʱҲ˽һģȻ˼Ҫ峤ö԰ɣ峤
ʱ峤һִˣ˵һ䣬Ʋŷλ£λ֮УȨĴϣһҼ֮һ
һȨʼϯ̨
Ҫ£ڲУǾۻᣬһкνһߣƸ߲գһӣһλ˾뿪ˡ
·տ㳡һԾԾԵ˵ոλ桢϶ڳǶչʾһʱѧõֺûõˣ
׳󣡡
һλӢ֮꣬ǰ㳡ͻȻʮɽղϼӳ֣ɽַֻɽһŸ߲㲻İкá
ܰϼ޳ɵ㣬潣ǳףһߣվ޵
ͽȻҪվ˲м
ٻУȥһԣ
ȻһӪһλ˴˳š
Ǻǣһϲ£ٻУ챣ңϯ̨֮俪ʼ۷׷ףΪ峤ȴһֲ
ӣӣ
һʱ䲻Ǹῡܣǹ壬ʼл
ɴҹػٻҲ
˹עϯ̨֮ϣһ꣬ǿҶһۣԶ̷·㳡Ƶˣ󷽱ȭʩǸ竹ӡ
ӣ־һ
һλֵ֣Ȼִϯ̨ⷬˣͷɾŽΪ꿡֮УΪ
㵽ֹ
ٻ
ƿգ
־Ȼ־һߵĽɽ˷ٻȥ
ڼ̹һ߶С㣬ǿɶһ־ֶΣҪӺÿ֪Ƿܿ⣡
ҪҲ뿴ܵʵΣţҵĸףԼˣȴ
굹ģУһж֮УΪҳΪϣһľ֡
Ѫڤ֮ǹ

ٻһֱûг֣֪һγԲν󣬳ѹȶͻȻһץƤͷŵѪವһһǹڽ֮ϡ
ʱͱѪڤ֮ǹݻ٣ɽķҷɣ˿۾֮ʣٻѾһǹѹס֣Է޷Ӧٻɱ˵
ۻ᳡쬵ģĶÿ˶ٻһУΪɾŽס
һǹˡ


505 һǹ죨2
ˣ
ָܵѹϣ͸аϢѪڤ֮ǹʱᱻոս޷ǰһĻ
궼ڲÿһë͸űÿһνӴܡ
žžž
Χʱкİ
֪峤ΪٻѰúٻ壬ҺˣƱһڣǸľЦţֱƤЦⲻЦ
һߣһͷ֮һдɾŽףԽʵһ֮Уų֣ң
ֻǵ˵һ䣺첻Ҷ
һ£
ֻ뿪һ֣һλ꣬һ£߷͸ɵ֮
ĳϵ֮һȻȥǸѿĽΪ
ٸǴǼϴӣмλţǶʵ߷ͷ
㳡ķܿʼۣǵۣ̫ۣ
ϯ̨֮ϣﳤϿԱһλͷ׷ѮϣĳϣڣʹͻĽףֲģȥ֣
ϣӷɲ֪ƺ˷񣿡׷ĳһȴûжӦһĳʵ
ƺ֪Էʳ仰˾ٱƣȻƱĳϣɲţٵ־Сû˹ܽɽۣ֮ܵ˵ỵ£
һУŻڰͻƣǰѵ򲻳ɲģ
ĳϻһ㳡û֪֮ʲô顣
ϣԭһţϾ׷ɱа֮º󣬵ƫңȷзǷֶΣҪȡ೤ϡ
Ʊһ˿Цһμ
Ľסս֮ϣ׶֣󷨹гɣĽףʦҽҪʩչ󷨹Ϸм峤ϡ棬϶ʶ
ĽٻоɱԷҪԼº֣ʩչ󷨹Ҫһңһ뵽Ҷȶ侲׼ʩչ󷨹
ٿٿ
ɲ֮䣬һֲͬǧ򽣴ɣ̣ͬһץдշӡ
ҵһҲһŲȼߣȴһɵɵֻҪҳһţǿ԰޵߲㣬ﵽɵ۾
Ҷȼһշӡŷѿռ䶼Ϊͨһ֣ԻûһȭһƣһһҲ
ʥǹ
ʩչ߾ѧٻȻ֮УͷѪ֮⣬һЩؽɫҫϢһɫǹһѹ񷡢ΰ־С
С㣬ǳ
˷׷סע㳡仯֮ʱȴڰжԻ
Ǳǹ֮У͸Ϣһ²һ
һɣѰһпƣΨһ͸ǳǹ֮Уһֲʲô̬Ҳ治ѡ
̾ˣС㹦޷֮ȣ
ҵǶʦԽԽȤ˶Ǿ湦ֶͨΪɹҲ޷ƾһ㣬ӦþǴеڰɽ磬ΪĴɣǰҴɸҲʦпܲǰɽˣ
Ϊ´󹦣һͨܣΪһɡҲ˵
һ˲䣬úܳԶ
ʥǹٻȻʴ԰Ѿ󷨹ںѪڤ֮ǹѪڤ֮ǹҵĹʥǹҲһɣ
ٻʩչѪڤ֮ǹһ̬Ҷ𵭵Цݣ˿ȥƮ죬ȴͨ糣
ͻ
ڳ֣һӳȭŷȭ˿ռһȭӳ͸ѹȡ
񣡡
֪һǰ˸ѪٻȭӲӲΧռ䶼ɼһȭȻ̺
ÿٶȣǿٻϾȻѪɫƺۣٻõ
ϯ̨һ޵
Ȼ۾һ˵ɾǰٻУʱٻĽףܴʮף̤ףӵһסʵ
һλʮͷλΪһüͷϣЩΣ˰ɣɽ磬ֿԼǱܣǿӵгԽĿֲ
ΣԼ۾ԼȥЩ
ܣӣΪƵҵĹҿĽף̫֮࣡
͵˺󼸲𾪣ٻٶȣͻأǿ޷ֿǺεȵ
ٻѲǰǸӽʼ˭Ҫ˵ǷǾͱҲʥǹ
ˣٻ쳤Х磬ӱ۴̳ʥǹ
ݡ
򣡣
ʥǹһ鼱֮£һץһʼ죬赲ʥǹǰ
䣡
һ̣ȻѪ죬ŷҪﵽѪռʥǹŷǿֱӴ֮ϣһͰ飬ʧʥǹѾӣҪһ֣ˡ
ҾȻˣ
ţԼǰδۿٻУף޷Ÿղзĳ
Ȼˣ
ǧҿܣ𺳣ǰȫ߸ϣǶٻӡ֮Уٻ֮Աǣ˻٩ٻ˿̣ٻȴףԽߴݣսĽ׸֡
漣Ҵӹ񣬶δйһԽݶеţٻȴɴɣⲻǵԽǿԽ磬ǿԽݣ֮ľ޴蹵
ţ
еţ
һ塢߲㡢ϡ棬һסۼ֤漣ķ
㣬ûи㡢ûиɣ
˻δ֮ʣٻԭһգ۳ǰȻҶȷޱ𾴵Ŀ⣬¡
ܣģû뵽ܳԽ˵زǴҲ磬֮ʱգһɾʹɣɶʲôһܳɾΪɽһ
̲סһᡣ
ܶŬ͵ʧоܵʦʦ֮ңҲҪʦһبδеĴ棬ʦһ̫̫࣬ϡʦҵĿ꣡
ٻ̲סΪĨȥᣬԼȴҲǼۺ⣬Ҷȵ棬ȼġ
ۻ᳡ʱ첨ٻ۲ڶϯ̨Щ߲ҲǼۣٻһУ侲ţԽԽҶǴ²Ҳ̬ơ

ҹ峤Է
֮Уڸ֮ϣ˵ѵ˼Ҫܰ޹׸壿У˳ɾͣ޹ϵȫܱʦͣ
һֱ˼⣬ҡҡͷγû뵽һ㣬ҺöϷԣҲ޷ȫƱͨҪǳŶ޳ɣµôʹ߾Ϳּټķ֪ΣҪǳ£ɶԼ˵ѩϼ˪
㣬ôٻк£
ʱٻȵ빬˹ʩ
ܣҲûʲôҪ£Ҫ֪ʦǺηʥ͵һ棡
ֱԵ
ٻһƺû뵽˼ʦأʦͨǷһ⴫Ͼɽ磡
ʦôͨɽ綼𾪣һһ޷Լ䡣
ԣ㣬ٻƭǣҪʦɽ紫¾Ǿɽ綼
ٻʱҲ쳣ţһ뵽սЩɽһҶǷնɱɣô𺳣Ұ뾡ֶҪõʦϵܡ
һˣܴɽ編ѹɽ編ɽ磬ص飬Է֮նɱɣһ۾ͿóǾҪǴɽ춼𾪡
꿴óٻԲƭˣѴٻϣʦӰû뵽ʦ˲Ǻã¾ˣܣӵһʦҪú𾴣ԣ
ٻǣ
ٻĬĬ뿪


506 ֮ս
ٻʦȷ׽Ӵͨĸϣ
ֻʣŮͫ˸⡣
ɽɽͣսҾּټ϶ϲ⣬йթϵҲ˰ҷּҳߣΰټҾۻһǧټƵѣӿжڰټҾۻ֮ǰǰͻƴɣԦгţһĶԿң
Ҵǿ߲٣ȻҲȼˣһ£Ķ⣬ҲΪǲ˰ټңȻҰҳ֣
˵һĨǧ֮Ϣ
꣬¶һ˿˿òնɱаõתᵤҪնɱһɣõͻƴɡ²װ
ǲɱϣҾҪˣţԴΪĹǣδ峤֮λһֱţξôϿһɶΪΪ֮һڰɽ磬ҲǶǿߣɱ׶ܴﵽɶף
ԭа͵תᵤҪնɱһɣ̤֮λϧãñŮɱΣתᵤƵĳɵҲ֪аģǡժӣ
˵˴ȻԺӿߣҶǡסаҪڱ֮ץסаҲһ׵¡
޶ɷ򡭡ϴŴƻڴ£Ŀ壬ȡȨɱ˾ɱˣ
ͻȻսȭͷչֳһɭɭƣЩģϴɶΪ꣬а
ɶΡŮҼɽһްɣֻʱܸߵ
˵ЩóڣŮаɱϣҪѴ·ŮŮܰ·ɱ
ͬ岻ɱ꣬Ҫõˮ©˻ɵͷϣ峤֮λΪĵ
ģλҪĿģһǰɣڶΪѻָŮһҪɣ֮Ҫķ֪ҲǺǵģ
֮䣬չ¶԰ҵĲмŷҲŮҹۼı

֮
ܣθƴɣҲҪ㾡һҲɱϵк⣬ֻҪ׽ɣаա
Ӹڶһػڹ֮⣬׼κ˿
ڣٻܶԡ
˼ĪҪʦһ֮ڵ֮ʣ
ٻ˲⡣
һЦ޵ܹȻϻۣʦͻƴ֮λһɣȨͻἯڵϣô꣬һֱԵȥǴϣȻǳϡˣסòκ֮ˣҪ
ɱˣ
ٻȻӿ죬һɲǣԺ֣ȡκжžͻȨȻķѣʱҲû䣬ҲΪһʵ峤Ȼ֮䣬ٻѧٶ
ͷ¹غֻʦ
Ĳ٣ѵܣֻɱ¾ûκ壬㿴óʦԼˣҲΪʦ㾡ܳԣӦҲҪǧҪŶԷϾʦûκιϵ
˵뿪뻢˲ʧ
ٻڹڣ˼ҹŷ̶ֳ̼ɳ٣ͷһսһŤռ䣺ʦͽ£
˵ɣ㣬ƣд·Ҷ˵ҪŤռֳҶӰ
ٻ£Ҫնɱϣתᵤ׶֮λնɱϵûʲô⣬ǵĸ׽ɲðգ㡢ͽϣʦܳһ֮
Ťռ֮еӰʵҶ޳ҶȵһЦΪˣĺŮӦøеңΪŮҪТΪʦ㣬ðɣʦӦǣ
ֻʦݣ㡢ʶٻɵҶݡԼΣ
ģΪʦԻûκģӸıǴɸ߽Ҳһܿóߣıǣʱһ֪ͨΪʦҲץҶ˵Ͳˡ
ǣٻ˷ܵòг߳

һƬϵĽƺȻתŷƬһ
ಣ
ͻȻӰ˸һɽ֮Уꡢڡ
ķüͷһ壺꣬ôٻʦδ
ˡ꿴գ֮Ϣһ˿˿ŷգ۾Ϳ񷡣
㣡
ʮһ֮УӰһλٻһλҶûˣòͨһɽһͷں󱳣һɷǡ
ĿɨҶȣȴоκϢ̫죬֮ͨˣأǱȭλٻʦ´񣡡
ÿҶֻǵӦ
ǰٻ㣬񣡡Ҳһ㵣˫۾ɻôɣҲ޷ҶʵΣԷʵ֮ϡ
ҶȲûжԣ΢΢ױɡ
һҶһֱͬˣԲʵ˵һ䶼ܱ˻ɣƺ˽궣ڴ˵ȺŮǰȥնɱϣ
꣬ǴɶΪöԸһǰȥΪʵڵģͷٻʦһˣΪСŮݻΣ
ۼҪֻȥնɱһɶϸ֣ʱ¶ȸ޵ģ̲סתҶ
һ⡭
գ˶ҶȴȻӦðɣ¾Сȥһˣֻһžͨ޷ȫֻΣ֮ʣСסˣ
ʦٻ֪ҶǺݣһˣȥնɱɣҶٲ֮յء
ٻ飬ƺб飬һ˼Īʦ֮ʵڲУǾͣ
ҶȿٻٻΪʦĲǣȻΪʦǾܣԱǿԵģ֮˵㸸ףΪʦɲȫⷬТ⣬紦Ļƣⷬĳܿɹ󣡡
ֻʦһҪģٻͻȻҶȹ¡
ಡ
ƺйͨûٻ˵ҶȾʧ֮С
ڡΪô󣡡˫ֶһץһϼ̨гֳǶʯʯи죬һиߡ

һеȹģĳǳأʮĴϿȣһٶɸ֣ӵҴϳǰǳطȥ
ǲŴμӾۻĴϣԼһٶ
һɣڰɽǶµִǿߣλ֮ߣ뵽ڰ·ɱ
֮£֮˭֪Լ˻Լ˶֡
ǰɾҴϣһɶ׾ͷʵǳǿ߶ɱУһǰ⣬ϴͨߣһҪס
ƺ֮ϣҶϢԶһҡ
Ҷзղⷬе֪ٶȻСһΪӦóԽϣƱػȡ֮ͷͨߣ»뾡취޷ߣ
ϴ˳ǸҸٹ̣ϵͽãȥҲ
곯Ҷȹʩһɫ־֣ΪһƬƺУһ糯ϯȥ
ķΪڴ֮ϣżǧǰɵͽףȥǧ꣬ͽɡ
Ҷͫ¶ɫҲһλţǣǲò˫
䡭
ϾϿ룬ͻȻһɫа˾סռ俪ʼ飬ըһٶ˲ˣҰռ䶼һ㡣
ǿʵֶǾˣʵǰˣһٶʬҲΪ˷棡
ҶʩչǧͼڿռҲǴһףƿؿռ䣬Ҫ޷ߣҶʩչǧͼɽ֮κοռſԱܹһ٣ҪûдǧͼҶξͲˡ
꣬Ȼ㣬㾹ȻǡɽӣǴĽΪ
ͻȻӽռ䣬һ˻ơ
ɽɽһްɣءɽ綼д굱ҳߣõɽ
ǴĽΪɽ磬һһľ֣ڶɽ磬Ҳһ֣
Ҷӿˡ
ͣ
ݣ
Žռ֮ڣֲһ֮
ಣ
ͻȻһİɫ򣬴һˣӽռ侹ȻһĿĿռӽռӳȥ
û뵽ӵСѩ汦ӿռ𣬷ŷûϵϻһ֡
꣬ĸףˣϷϻ棬ǸŮҪ꣡
ӰۿҪɳռ䣬һ֮


507 ͬ
ѩǿǿ㲻õƳɷٶʮ
źӿռŷڿռУͷɳռ䣬Ҫӳƿ֮ڡ
ǰһɽ֮УһֻϣܣٴϷӳɱնɱǿߣ
СС䣬֮ӣɽӣҪԶ㸸׽峤֮λ͵ûзúɣһ
ͬǣһԾӨɵĳһĶͳԽ˲ٶȿ޷ţǳͷŵĿռԪأʮ
ʲô
ۿϾҪɳռ䣬Ȼǰ˺ڶľ󣬽ķҲǣٶٿ죬Ҳûкڶռֿ죬˾ûռ֮С
ǣ
Ϊ޷ɳƬգƵռ͸
޵ĻҰռ䣬ƾȶٶٿ죬޷ɳɫռ䣬ң־оһ˫۾ںڰ֮ж
ֻϧֻʱסʵ޷նɱ
ڰռ֮УҶͷŴǧͼɽλ֮Ƭռ䣬ڴǧͼ£κ˶޷ɳȥ
ƣ
ܻȻߣһȭ֮ͬɽߣһµӿ˷ڰռ䵽ǡ
꣡
Ǵÿֲ޷赲ҪǴ󲿷ǧͼתߣƣ԰˺÷飡
Ҷһʱʧȥ֪ڿеɰףڴ߶̫һס壬һ̸оռȻ֮£ռڲܿƵģȥסϾ롣
ǰֶΡǰôˣ
ڸϵ֮˲ƣգ۾ͳҶߣҶסϣȴҶ彩Ӳ쳣
Էʵ̫ǿҵȫϣڻָ֮УҶȷ߶̫һ֮ء
ǰ
ȡ
û뵽ͷһ֮ҶӿҶûϵûֹ֮ӿ壬赲ġ
һʱ䣬̫һͿʼͣ٣Ҷ޷ԿأƿزʱָĿ
ҶҶȣô㣡
Ȼһ˺ŷ̫Źһ˼شűرҶȣٻʦǳԽľͷޱȣݣʵͻȻ⿪ŷλ֪롣
ҶҲҡҡͷȲҪ˵޷ֶãٲȥնɱϣξҪߣȥ
ã
Ȼ޷ŵı飬תʧˡ
û뵽Ūɳ׾¶ݣҶҲʼϲȻȫ߶ǧͼռ䡣
꣬㡢㡢ôֶΣССôʵ
ڿռҷһܸоڣȴ޷ɳͷһƬȴ̧۾ͷһɫ־
ôϣеޱȣ峤ңԼ岻ңվµɣ
˫һǰɫ־ͻΪɫռ䣬˲ϣ

Ϣʧһѹ
ɱ˴ˡѩȻ汦ҪǾƣǳԽƷķ绢
ջ־˿һɳӾӨѩʬ壬һ롣
˵ӲȥҲӲƬռ䡭ϧɾռڼ
һɫһͳҶǰҶھպ˵ͻȻͼɫռͻأ󣬾ɫһ䣬صߵͷ˲ͳһƬϴ֮ϡ
⡭ٶռͨ˭Ʒֲ˵κֻĪ
Լ粻Ǹղս֮أʱ겻ѣ⴩ռ䡢תռͨ
߳߳
ȻҶ壬һףɷϢڶš
ɽϢϢһϢڷϢΪŨң˿̲òָƣһ޷
ţɽ編Ȼ㣬ȫǷ編򣬶ƣȫûһɽ羫衭ȻǷˣ
䲻˸飬ʵڲԸ۾ǰסɵҶȣȻһˣһͨɱɽķˡ
ٿ
̫һҶڱΧϢȫɣ˿˿ֱ
ˣ˾Ȼɱɽ磬ɽ磬һסɡʲôˣѵһɽܹת᣿
Ȼ˼֮Уʶ޷³ҶΪɽ磬סһɣܸһʡ
ֲã˵ʦһǷҪΪĿꡭԭˣ˹Ȼ⣬بδаҪɽ֪Ǵˣ
ɲ֮䣬ԺһУȴҶû˿̰붾֣ҲûаҶȣҲҶ֮Уһ̲˾ɽľܡ
û뵽ҵݣ޷ڲأ
Ҷۣһ߳ϢøޣƺʵӲ١
굹ЩȻУԭһͼˣȴվͬ߶ȣǻǲòţʵ㷲ܴ֮ܰɣҪ𣿡
ΪСղʹ²ָõٺôС㣬²ҪװŪϣ½⣡ҶȰڰ֡
Ȼ뵽ʲôʱѪ׹ֳ湥ĪʱŴӷɽ磿
ʱô޽֮أﵽɽ磬˭뵽ɽһֻֻС棬ͺҳ˴
Ҷȵ꣬һ¾뵽ЦС¹ˣ̤ɽ磬С㣡
ʲôˣңӦǱˮңﵽһʵ֮ؾͻ뿪Ұɣ
ҶĳּСˣңյһͽ
֪꽿ߣ㲻ᵽС㻹ܽܣ˵һˣΪӣӵܣкεºܣ
ȴ˵ӵܣҶĳҲɴٻϣӰӣҲٻԽ˵ǣ
Եˣ֮·֮ҵԵˣٻ·ˣžֻأƣԵ޷ͣٻٻңԵߣƾҵı£ոͽܣҲ˵Ĺȥɣ
ҶȻָƣһɣҲ˿һһʱҲϻ
һԵˡ
һ̣ƺҲ£һɣ䡣
Ȼʵ治ףһˣȻִܾ
ÿ˶ܣС±ЩܰɡѯʣҶƽش
ûʳʲôƺģʣ˵ĺã㣬ҵΣɣǷаգϾɲһˣ
Ҷ֪ʵʼȴһ£Ҳˣ֮ѴﵽʮԲתᵤͲҪ˵⣬Ȼһ㣡
һ⣿
СһζɽٶᣬⲢ󣬹ؼܶԽ࣬ʵȻԽǿԲֱӿɶףԴﵽһ۷Ͳˣ
һ۷壬ҲȥǧУаյõһ۷壿
ٻʦνɮ濴棬֮Ե֣ſڿӣڿΪʦҪиʦӣԺνӣƣҶҲЩ
Щ⣬ʵص㣬ؼʳһ⣬ҶȻɣš
ƺҲע⵽ԼüȥɫͲ٣ãٻ㣬ģȻҲ㣬¶Σ
Ȼãź£ֻϣҾһʱ䣬ģҳҪȥģֻʵɽ粽У
Ǿͼһ鸮Ժκ£ҪӴҾͬˣһһغңΣ
Ȼû⣬£òͷ
ҪǾò⣬סĲȥ꿴Ҷģʮ޲ȥһ͡
ҶȲһµȸٻʦһסɵķˣ궼޷Ҷȣҹơ
ͬˣǷˣɽӣڶɽ磬ԺԾɽ硭
Ҷ뵽ʵ֪С㣬֪ڶɽ磬ǷдŴڣ
ûУ
ȻһƳֻɽУŴɽĴɽ磬ôʲô뷨
ʰˣҶȴڷ
ˣȥɣܻڵң
һӣ˾ʧѤƺ


508 
תƺƬԵù죬һ̨֮ϣһ̳ǶŸ౦ʯʯԼɽʣ̳ͷǿʢ˥鶯֮
̳֮Уʮ״Բͬڷ̳֮ٻ뻢վڷ̳֮⣬Ԫ
ܣ
кȻӰͬƮ
㣡
ٻ̧ͷ˫۷ޱȼҶƽŵһģƽ
꣬ǵĺŮնɱ˴޳ܱɵͽʦɴ£
̳֮Уۣϲ֮Աһӣ̳Ͷ˳
һжǴС㹦ͣСֶθҶȰ뷨̳ʩȻͲٶԡ
ɣ
ʬһʹһƷ˳Ưǰκ˿ڣԸܵʬһ飬ܴ֮ͷţη
֮УﵽࡢĴڣɶԴ꣬οЩɡ
ҴȵͽҪӲǷ硰ͼçȦ׷׶˺˴Ǹ߽ﵽƷſԶԴɲв쾵
һɣɽǴ档
һɶ׸֣֪ѶѪҲҪǿսڶɽ磬Ҳһ
˻񲻴ݵϢ治ᡭܵʬ崫ĴϢ͸оǰɽ񷣬޷Ҫȥʬ壬ֱüʯͷȥҡ
ھһմͷȫϢ飬Ů˱ǣ
΢΢ͷָһһɺ嫴֮ʼϯ̳ڲ÷̳ʮʮǿƣǰһС
ɡԴһҾ͸о̫ǿ󣬲˼飬޷һ֣ҪԺһǿУֻôǧͼܱҪһս˵Σһͷնɱң
ܵͬɽ編ѹȵУҶȶΪ޵ֶԼʵһ˽⡣
ٿ
һǧƴڱʮ״ԲҲ޷赲ڱʼӿֽͣ
˵ɣʮףһָͷҲԺѾ˺ǰս֮ɱɣǶΪˣȫעĻ£ſɱɣ
ɽһסɣ͸޷ȫʵ߶칭ֻսһסףҪնɱɶףҲܣ
ӡ칭ǧͼҵʵսɾŽףʮ׶޷սʤ˵ɣɾڣκ˶޷Σֻɣһ׶Σգ
侳ʮƣҶ޸дû칭ǧͼҶȱ˵նɱɣսɶܡ
࣬ɻ״̬굽꣬ɾͿ״̬ﵽԦɽĵز
ҶҪնɱףҪնɱɣͲܣǶ칭칭ǾƷȻҶ޷ȫԾƷնɱɣּҶԼȫ߶նɱɸ߽Ȼпܡ
Ȼɺ޷׼ǰ£Ҫͷȫ߶칭濹⣬նɱһ׶漣
ȷһ꺢ӣһ˴ܣ붼룬꺢ôܴùˣһ䲻ڴ˺׼ʱȫսˣǴҲҪСһλ׼Ĵ˴ܣСٷСٴҪɱ˵ĿܣǾ΢΢
ݡ
˿̷̳ڲռһ˴ɡһɽϢ£ʼݺתɽƶѪٺ׹ܡܲɷ
ŷóޱȣΪؿ񷣺ɴٹȻֲ
ھע壬תᵤٵ֮ǰɷɽپһʧ
һץʬͱšͬӥץסʮָ˸ʰһ֮ʬ֮г룬һ磬ת£ʼȥ
ɴٶ˵һηëϴĴᣬǧѷ갡
ҶȰһЦſֲټҶȴʱһ뷨뷨̳Ϊϴ裬𵤣ɽ編
תᵤ
˳ƮϢȫҲûƽٳɹֻ»ΪԪߡ
תᵤһ̣ȻͷһƣϢһͰѴϲ壬˫ֲϴһӡ֮пʼֿɹϡޱȵĴɷ
תᵤߣƣ˴ءɵȻ֮ɵֱ
ͬѰ仯Ҷ̫ܿͻϢһٲϣ͵ùˡ
̫¯
ҶȻ깵ͨһ£õԷҶȲſʼ֣һھ޴̳޵֮У̫¯̫һʼУҶ֮У⿪ӡ

ɿƵķ̳֮У̫¯տʼ֣ͷ񱻼ѹǲȻ뷨̳ƿʼƽ⣬һշ̳ŷ̫¯ɡɵɡ
Ǹ̥֮ҵûбѹȣԴﵽƽ̳ⷨĵز
갵һֱڹ۲Ҷȣ̫¯̳ԼԦںϣ¶ԶУƣ𾪡
̳Ȼ죬ߣȴɾͷڷ̳ƿ磬֮У֧һ£̫¯ȴβе𺳡
ɴٿԵܷŹԸðž޴ΣգҲҪһԡ
ҶϸϸɴÿҪʱ̣һ˶ѡ֮أһ˶Զɽ٣һˣŻ飬Ϊɽ΢ʱ̣һƻǱɡ
ҶҪ˶ɽ٣ڶɽ֮еõôǻ̫ãԼ˶ɽ٣Խ֮У˶ɽ٣Ҷôܴڡ
Ҳδ̫ˣ֮ɴ٣ǴɣɴҲܶǻοһˡ
ɲǼ䣬˼ø
߳߳߳
ɴٵˣƬ֮ǰ֮ͨ١ɴٶҪֲ򱶲ֹͬٲ̳ٵһ̣ٻ뻢ڶԶԶ뿪ˡ
޼˻ף
ɴ֮УҶĲȴоκΣգΪ̫һȫκ
ҶȻһָָһ޼˻γɵݵ뷨̳֮⣬һ״
֨֨
˲Ϣ֮䣬޼˻׽Ӵ˸ը棬ɲͬʵףһ̾Ȼڲɱ
ҶһĻˣȻͣ޼˻׿ǳԽɽ編ڵȻҶһ鷲ˣ޼˻ҲͬѰ̺Ϣһ룬ر޼˻ںϣƣӿ
Ȼף
갵ע⵽һĻԸӣʲôףףҪ֪֮дԶŷ־Ǵɶ޷ףٷ־
ˣԽ˵飬
޾š
ͣ

޼˻ѱ׻û꣬ΣʱʼˣĨɱ׸ոմҶ壬ʱ͸о屻Ӧȫʧߣ޼˻׿ơ
ÿһҶȶûκθоʹľ׿ֲҶ޷Ӧκδڣֻ־ȥ޼˻ס
޼˻󴫳Уõ־޺ҲĨɱ־
֨֨
ڽ뵤һ̣𵤾;һζŷܲסɽףʱ޼˻ϯ𵤣һںϽ֮Уѽ֮еķ編׷״ơ
һƽڵķ編ô֮еķϢҲʧ֮Ҷɽ編򡢵򡢻
ȻҶȲΣգǽȴʱᱻƻϾʱĽ𵤣Ƿ״̬Ҫɽ̸ף΢ע⡢Ʋã𵤾ͻ޲ش߳顣


509 
䣡
ǧｮɴ֮УˮҰްԴԴϹ̳ʱͬˣʩչǿԳ֣һԳ־ʱ䡣
ɴٵ޵ĽףЩǴﵽףſԴﵽľ磬ҪԸɴ٣Ҳ׶ˣڣľܵٸţ
һմϴ壬һͷŲӳַ̳Сɽ١
ҶϢԽԽɽͬԴ˹ȻǸ࣬ϸ־ֶͨ졭ţҲʣ
Ƿɰ˽ΪʵҪͻɣɾˣǻˣ߶ȿɣ治֪ʱΪλ̥ﲻƽ⣬һɣɽ̨Ϊݺأ
ȫȫ⸨Կ٣갵лǶҶһһΪĵĸţÿһ£첨ˡ
û뵽˶ɽ٣һˣͣɽ٣ҹ
ɽ񷣬ǹ٣ƺûһͣ˼ԽԽֲһɹɽͷţҶһ£Ԫյţ̲֮еĻý٣ٻҪֲһ룬޷԰εĻԪͻᱻýٳߣȻΪһʬ壡
ϴò࣬ھֵ
һ޼˻ǣ£ҶȽ磬һδߣһδ˺ѷ編𵤽ﵽ״̬
˻˻
һ̣ҶȵƤëϣϢ޼˻ѹƣ޷š

̫¯֮У̫һͻȻڣҶȷһ˺ѷεʹ಻ͬǧС
ӿƤ⡢ϸѪ֮Уһ鷲編ʹݣһʹ࣬ȫİľʹ
壬ԹŶ޷ʹ࣬мͬ
ƺҶЪ˹̲ס˼Ƥεҡҡͷðա
ҪһܲסǾΣա
ڵѽؼҲĻþ֮УҲ޷ϣܾסٿعƻ󣬲ᱻɱ־
ֹһ£ɢȥʱ񷵽﷨̳Ťģһ޷ѹ˿԰һ˽Ӵп˲
һʣһ룬ϧ޷գֻܼӳֵԿ٣
֮УΰĴϢ
ϴ֮£ҵǿʮ֮мзʣɣپ٣Դ޼˻ȻҲԣֻڻ޷£ҪٷǾͿ֧٣޵У
Ҷȸо泩ԡһ㣺Ȼɰ˽ףҵʵ߲٣ؼǿһͻɳɾˣǾһ˰ٱǧҪǿ
ˣʱһ֮õڽ֮ʱܰдΪã
Ȼ嵭Ʈͬһ˸оڡ
Ҷպ̫¯һ֮ߣû⣬Ϊٻġӡ鷳ʱʵٻ壬һ
һľͳһͷϢӣ޵һö׽ӣٻǧ꣬ڶ̶̰̤ɣǴɸ֣Ҳ޷Ҫǰ׽ȥףһܱɸᣡ
ϧûٷҪܿٷ׽ӿ죡ҶһЦ¡
ٷ򣿾Ǵеĳ۶ԣһ˵ö׽ӵȷٻлл㣡
ͽܣҾһͽܣȻʲôôһʱ뵽ģһ𣿡

˽̸֮ʣ֮еͻȻ˫ͬһ̷ŷһ㣬羫һ˿ëʣë˸ǳ֮⣬ڲ춯
꣬ɽٳɹˣ
תһ֮ͷš
㾡գΪϴѴʣӳ壬õﵽһ۷壡
곯Ҷȵͷһץһžָɾʼӿ룬һ̿ʼͷŽ𵤡
޼˻ף
ҶҲͬ޼˻ף˲ڡ
סȻҵĴ֮壡ɲǼоļ£޷赲ҶףҪǶǷʤ
ϵҪ̫࣡Ҳܵ޼˻ʣ̺ķ򣬾ɷ򣬶޷ơ
ֻ˵޼˻ӵݴɵ
֮壬ҰһͿԻɽӣ˺񷣡޼˻״壬ҶҲǵһμʶ塣
ǽӣô˾ɽ磬񷣬Ҷ򱶣ÿһСһƽӣһԿһɣһɡ
ʹҲӵʣ޼˻װ£ӿĴ׷뾭ϸϸ֮УգҲڲŽɣǵõҶȰһɶ׾ʼҡֱϡ
ʩչ޼˻ϴ壬϶ֻаٷ֮ʮҪ̫⣬Ǿٻһٷְںϣֻ̫Ǳ޼˻׻Ҫ߼Ĵڣʹã
ҶȽסϢжƽ֮нš
꣬¶һ˿ھΣɾȻ󼰵ģټ壬ȫһɣ꣬һˣζȹɴ٣
ŮõɽУѡΪӣɽ֮󷨣ϸɽٵҩҪȹЩֻǵӦһȥ˿Ҳɴٷ
ҶޱȸлǰлȫҴˣӴҾḺ㣬ú
ؼ⣡ҶȺܵ͵
ҵĻҲҵĻһؼңҲͶɽ㲻⣬һͬɽֶΣغ׾ܳΪɽӣɽһɽȫ磬ں٣ÿһ򶼷ǳ֮󣬾ǴһҲ޷ɵյ㣡
һɽȱȫǸɽµʣҵĿ꣬ǰɽ磬ϧĽ׻̫õϣʸڶɽ㣬ɽΪɽǸѡ񣡡
ٽӴҲʼٻҶȣҲӣȻû˵ʲôҶҲǾΪˣһҶȳɳȥɾͷǷ
˰нҶȻԣ֮ǰһЩҪҪѰʧɢڰɽһλѣɣܷ̤ɽ磬Ҳɽ絽ʲôӣ
ҲҪвܷٴ뿪ɽ磬ɽֻϰĴڣǡðּټɽʱаɽﵽҲھۻϣλѣҿΪѣҲһͬѰɣ
һ濴Ҷȡ
Ȼ̫࡭֪С׽Ƿ˽⣿ҶȲἰ̫ڳħ£ת˸⡣
̸϶˽⣬ǧǰδҳ֮ǰ׽̽о죬һز¶ڿԿ϶һѵõĴǿߣҲһҪ߳һأ׽̺һʱɽ粻ټ壬Ҳ屻׽ΪȫԸɽ磬ûȥΪ׽̣ɽֹͣսذҲҪ׽̿
׽̱濴ɽȥǺһͨ࣬оˣŷֶܼɵ˵оҲԸɽ磬ǲģ˿϶ɽ磬ô׽棿
˼չŷ뵽ʲôʵ
ʵ׽ɳ½磬ȥڵķλ棬ΪˣҶ׽̺ܹעȻһˣǾ빫ӣ֪СҶԴǷ˽⣿
ң
Ȼüͷ𣺡ҲϿô򵥣Ҳ棬Ѿ̤ɽ磬е˼һЩɣɽǶɽһЩɣӵеʼҪҡ֮ҲǺϾҵûжٶԹһֻעңʵҲ򵥣ҳһλţҲǶɽһɵӣ
Ҷƺ壬ϵҲͬѰ˼ǰҶȸо֮ǰ뷨Щʵʣʱ޷ңҲ޷ң
Ҷ뵽Ҫ˰ң㾹Ҫңܡڲܣֻ̣һչֻðɽ˷֪ѣȰʱҪԸң㶼δʵ
˵ҲǣҵĵˣҲֻ빫һˣĿ꣬Ǵˣ빫һʮΪͬ졭
ҶԽԽоһжƫԤ룬ҪչƻȶԸ빫ӣֻҪ빫ӣûв̫򣬶׽ֻгħȥԸԳħֶΣҪɱо죬ȡͷҲһ¡


510 ʥǱ
С㣬ܷһæ
˼ȥҶȺȻðһ
ƺ뵽ҪʲôҶ飬һЦĪǣҪնɱ빫ӣ
ǣ빫ͷ󻼣ҵҶôֻ½磬ཨλѣ
ҶȸӾԶصĶ࣬Ķ࣬Ϊߣؿ˵κιթףҶĳ˵Ǹ½ӻɽ磬ֲұչУɱףΰּ˷˵ͻҸ߲μӣֻҪ֮Уұɱ
˼ǲֱӳɱֻҪµ֮УҪסɵͨɱ빫ӣҲãһĸҲίɱҲΪȥһˣ
˼һᣬϴӦ¶һЦͬҪҶܣǲԺͬˣ
ѵλǲͬ𣿡Ҷһֵķһ䡣
һЦᣬһ̣˴֮һңͱˣ濴Ҷȣң㴫ܵΪ棬ܿԽԿɣ֪ôɷҴȥ
ܵĹһżΪѵټ˶ͨпУһֹܳãȼΪۣòҪиһУ
ҶҲȥѱ¶ȥûʲô˼ؼٻΪͽܣǱȫһֹС㣬Źʵǲ
ĪǾ󷨹ǿŵģᵽɤۡ
Ǿ󷨹СΪ֪Ҫ֪Ҳӣ޷еģ
ʵͰעҡңһЩض˽⣬ҵľ󷨹ҲȻֻ֪޷˽ܣֻչֶѣû뵽Ȼܵõ
ֲҴϸоһ˿˿ʶĸоȻǾ󷨹ܵľ󷨹ŷЩͬǰûоҾ󷨹жô˵ãɽһңҲſʼ֪ž󷨹򵥣
ǰٻȥսǡնɱһҵӣպ˾󷨹һ㣬ֻ֮Źȫһ׺ΰһǰѣȥҲﵽ߾磬Ҷ궼δһ֣ʵǱڹ֮У޷жߣ
һ׷Ƿ̫£һƪһ޷صΣΪ߼вλʵȻȥԶǸ壬ھɽ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϣһ챻˶߾󷨹Ӷ壡
˵ȷɽʦҲ˵еĸ߼߼˼ʮֻҪģȥֻͬһ·Ҫ߼ģʺģѾ󷨹ܣǺ
ģ󷨹ϣѸ첻ٵط֪׾󷨹㲻ŵĵȼ֮Ҫնɱ룬ϣõĹңõȫ
ţѵǳԽʮڣ
ԼȥٻɣѰѾ󷨹ȻŹңںϣһϵٻԸ⣬ǿҴȥҪס׹һұ֮Σ
ô˵ã
ҶҶⷬԽԽϸ룬͸окܴܣҶȿҲʲʲôֻдٻ֡
ͻͻͻ
¹ȥ̳ɢȥƺͲӰվһȥԸɽӣǾʬ壬ѾΪһ߸ʬһ棬Ϊҽ
ϲ̤֮λ
ϲ峤˽ɣ
ŷ̳ɢȥٻ뻢ڴ£ȴ޷벽
ϲ
ҶҲջϢӭȥһŽᣬܰ
ϱ˷ɱƱϴǿؼңΪͻƴϢʱǲҪȥΪãΪӰҾۻع飬ʱһͳȨƣߣ
һӣ˾ֱ˲ʧ

Ȼһصңⱻ˷ʧȥ䣬һʱը˹Ҳ塣
¶ڲִ֣򣬿ʼ׷Ѱ䡣
㣬֪ʦݣ
¹ȥС㸮ϣٻõټͰҶ˵˳ó׽ӣٻ
ǰѴƭˣʦȥնɱϣ㻹ᷢʦܣģû㣬ʦǶԵģҪ㣬һʦΪ׽ӣʦľ󷨹ǺεʦƺѳԽ߼˼ɼ
ٻ£ٻ̰׽ֲ壬£ٻֿʼһ壬һΣ̫ʹ࣬ٻʣٻûнлһ¡
䣡
һϢٻڱըٻƴ˷˵һö׽ӡ壬̤߽ף
ջϢٻԽǿοѣۼʦ壬ѽʦ̫ԶԷ֮ɴ壡
ٻ۳˼ãɫָʦҵľ󷨹㣬ҪܣΪϵشܿ¾Ҵ󲿷Ҳ֪һб·ȥϾ֣֮Ϊǲȱ

һվƺվס
ٻվ㣬ʦ˵𣬱ȴ㻹Ҫ𺳣û뵽ʦȻ޲˽ٻٻ˵ĸ
ңȻӵһˣҪȥҪ壡ʵ֮
ʦͨҵϣõ󷨹ںϸʺٻУ㣬㿴
ᣡ
ٻһӡ޷ͻȻһϵʥշӰٻ֮γɣҵ֮иһ᲻ɴݵĽ
Ȼ˿˿ԣ
ᴥϢ͸оһ˿˿ɫģҲ޷ΪǱɼӸ߼ܼԦ
һܣҺûʩչ´ҲӲ㣬ԺУ򲻵ǧʩչȥɣ
ƽӻ־ٻ뿪ˣ£þò˵һ仰һʲôҡҶᱻڽ£һҪҶȣնɱ룬õྻ󷨹

ɽûļҹҲ֪Ǽ껪Ŷȥ
Ӹ

ڿտ䳡ҶٻٻʩչʥǹҶʩչ޼սһһǹһδβġ
ãӣ
䳡ҶٻֻҹһˣһūûУӸֻ˶ѣҹվһԲͣơ
Ҷһն£ٻҺٻʵҶ֮ϣתһǹ̷ҶȣҶȲɽкãӣʥǹԽԽ죡
ӣСҶִ׼һͬμӰҾٰɽۻᣡ
ȻżλŮͬǫѷ빬Է
ãϾҶ̸ִһϣ
ٻͣ¶ҹ£ʰöҶҲ᷿߳һذ׳ۣȥȻͨٻһ£һǸӡ
뿪Ӹһǧ˶飬׼ãϡ߼һЩȨʣȫǻ
ϣλ棬Ҿͷλգ
£ҸֻҶٻꡢҲУһǧɭɭȥ

ɽһſͬˣɽһҵ̣Ҳɽóġ
ʱڼ֮ϣȻƯһϾ޴ĳǱǱһСʯ̶ɣֱװһһǱһǳشСʱķһɺǷʻǱԼɺǷӡ
ǰɽʥĵطʥǱ
ɽд¡ۻᡢʽʥǱŶ֮оУɱ¾ͬҲݡ
ʥǱ˹ģɽۣ֮ȻȨڰɽ磬ҾǺߣκ˶ܶԿϡ
ȥʥǱķǧɫɺǷھƯţЩʥǱػ֣κη紵ݶͻɱ


511 ټ
ɽҼҡ
ɽׯ
ƺĲҡ
ڡ
š
һɺǷʻʥǱʵҡŷ׷ֳһסİʿ¼£ʥǱ
һ治һɽʥǱҪи㣬ͨɵģ
ҲʥǱҶٻȺҶȶһһܸȤķǶɽ磬˷ɺǷʻɽˡ
̤ʥǱŷһɽ磬⣬һ󷨼ӳ֣ԵʥׯϣӭһʮΪһӪеϰˣǧӪÿһӪһ
е壬еɣӪ׳ۣܲμӰҾۻģǶǴһɽ绹Сȴûʸ˴μӾۻᡣ
ʦ㿴ҡ
￪ʼڽῡҲڱ˴߶Ҷһֱʿһ𣬲ûж߶ȻٻҶߣӪָȥ
ң
Ҷüͷһ壬ҲһǧӪɸ߽ף˼ɾʮ֮࣬ÿϣͷһԷϢҵľ󷨹
ٻһʦղȥ֪빫ҲˣһֱϢӦûУ׽ƺû֣ÿξۻᣬ׽̶ǲ
ûȱȥȥɣ
Ҷֹˮ¶ˣֻԭزӿڳлڴȣ׽̲͸ѰĪҪǱ׽̣ϵ
С㣡
Ȼڳһ֣ӳһֱĬĬΧڣи๫Ӹ綼
ڰɽ磬ķӣˣҶȺܿͱ˺ûȫѰټ
ÿ
걻Ӹӵ֮ʣӳǱһȺˣ£һƺҵæõһЩɣƺòΪһװ֪ǰҵˡ
ǰһϵĶӣǣҴС㵱ߣΪҪҴСû˦˦ҳߣôɷŹ
ǰԵΪ£Ҫѹ֮սѾ޴󣬾Ҫһʣ
Ȩ˽²ͣۡ
ٻȺмҶߣ޵ģʦңܻΣգ
Ҷ̬ͬʿƣģ㱳ɽһĽΪǴ׶ԶԸֻһףȻǿ߲٣ҪΪ㣬ܣ͵žۻῪʼɽķ𾪰ɣ
ãٻĿʼתΪȴ
ǹӣ
ȻټһදˡŪһƬ
꣬ˣһ㲻ҰҷּҳߣıӼǧ궼䣬ãҪΪС檣칩ˣ
˿ȥԭǴ˿ͬŭʨӣȻݣʶ壬Ű裬ȫҷֱյطЦ
ɶ񡭡
ٻԼ㣬ȫѪڣҪȥȴбһסҶֹ
ҶȳҡҡͷٻòͣᣬƺʱֶԸǡ
ȻȻҡ
ԭֵİ˷ͷ˿̶ʲô
ʱ˿̣˶ϣһѶŭˣһĽΪԽڳеľͷ档
ɲǼĿ⾡У԰ǣʮ˵ǹӣʴʣͬ蹷һҷͣѵðҵķ緶СŮӻȰ㰲ЩǰټҾۻᣬݲڴ˷֪ǰҴ֮𣿡
ԭ޼ɵȴҲע⵽ԼΪһЩ̣ʮǿ᣺Сˣû뵽ǱӴ֮ôҲ˷ּǰܵƽȶԴǰΣ
ǹӣҶ֪ǰһ´﷨ּң˼С֪飬֮˵СӣǰټҾۻᣬɽͷۻᣬ㻹ҪЩ
˸֨ΧһƬžȻڳһ޷׽İ
ʥ
˺濴ȥеľͷѴʲô˿ٺƻ泤۵׽̽ӣƵǱǰһˣʱܵ𾴡
ʦ׽̹ȻˣǾ׽̽о죬ɽ綼Ϊڰɽ罨׽̣꣬Ȼʱ̣ܶ׽̷չܿ죬ƣɲ⣡
ٻ̶ҶȽɭɭ޶ˡ
׽̽о졭ȻΪ޷̽飬һһĴɣͬѰ
Ҷڼ½ֵѪȷ׽̣һǧ½׽̼ɵо죬ɽͷɵ
һӦҶȺʧϧûгϢ
ٻʼϸʦоҵǿߣΪҹڰʹߣʹߡڰʹҲʹɱһаħնɱɣɽ磬ʹ󣬾ʮ̳ҲǴɣ
ʹߡʮ̳ǴɣȻʮ̳һ׶״ɣʹҲסо죬ҲǴĽף
Ľס
Ҷޱȣ׽ʵȻǿ޷Խ壬ҡұȼĴڣǿߣҶֻĪ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣȻ֮䣬ҶȿʼԳħ𴦾

о׽̴󲿷ֽӣһϢ֮˳ȥÿ·һ塢ɣЩͷ
ǺǣΪβμӾۻᣡ
ʱͷǰɽǿļ峤ۼ룬ʼоʩ񣬼ͷ峤Ϊ峤оҲΪ
˶о죬һͶ㾡ߴ֡֡֡Ĳ֣տǰټҾۻᣬλֵܶˣ²˵ȥ
ˣ
ǱۻῪʼ
˿ΡǱһ֮һŮŰټͷ׷״׽ʮˣﲻǱ
ǱʵʵĽɫǶɣ̻ԻͣͬʹһƴͨߵãһŹʯ̶ɵıͷζҡܼҡҼҡĲǰţоڵţţꡢٻҶ볤ϡ涼վں󷽡
ϵ
ʥŮٴ߳ӣʻӵһƽ۵Ϸ֮ϡ

·
ʦ˾ǰ峤սΪﵽĽףڰ峤֮λʮ֮ã
ٻнܵ
ȷǴĽΪս㣬޷ΪһֳǿΪס˵ȷΪϣսʤҶȵص
ʦ㿴Һ󷽣빫ӹȻˣ
ٻȻһ˿˿ɱҶ˵
Ҷ俴ң˿̴ӳǱɫҸ߲ϣо빫ӡ
Ȼ
ڼ빫ӣҶȰɱصøͬʱͷñ빫ӷ֣Ҫﱻ֣¾߲ʥǱ
ϴ󡭡
ͻȻҶȵͷһ̣һϤ֮дҶ˵Ϥֱ˼ҹݣǳħ
ƣ
Ҷ̿׽о󷽣ʮ֣Щҳħ𣬵ǸܲҸղ棬׽̵Ǽٽ֮УҶҲδܵħϢ
͹ˣѵħʱʥǱ
ϴ󣬲Ѱڻϣо࣬׽̺ڰʹߣٺ٣
ħȻһɡȻоһѪаЩģսˣ⿴Ҷһۡ
㾹Ȼһ
оġڰʹߡһҶȾͿϤ⣬ޱȣʮ깦򣬳ħȻһ
Ҫ֪ħɽһ̣ʵŲɣɲŽɽʮ꣬ħòͨһɡ
˼飡
ɺǿҶʶģ֪Уħжɵʵģħһ͸ɳ˾춯صĴֱʡ


512 ļı
ħڶ̶ʮ꣬׽̣֪úֶΣ׽𻤷֮һĺڰʹߣҶ𾪵޻˵
ħϴ󣬲ãҾͻһһо죬ͣϣȻսף
Ҷһ𾪣ŶΪпӵսףû뵽Ȼݣõ֣ۼսףһս׾ͿԸӦ
·ԭɽһɵӣɱʦȡսףתޣһɽ磬ս׸Ӧһݣ֪һս׿ھɽһУ
ǧ֮ʧȥ䣬оҪ½磬һʱ䣬һһод󲿷սףҪҵһݣͼ򵥶ˣˣ㿴빫Ӿһԣģһʱɱն鷳
ħİЦ춼ǻƣͣҪо죬Ҳ
ħ𱾾Ǵ֮壬ԷֻΣ޻ضˣ޷Ǵ۵ֶͨΣȻħʵ΢Ǵ۱ȴڴɡ֮ϣҪЩҲڻ¡
Ҷȵ빫Ӿ㶨ң㶨о죬ңڵӣҸʱ䣬ռ
Ǻã빫ҾͲ֣ӣǿǺöɽҪ߼Ĵڣʱ˵㣬Ժϵħ˵ֻ꣬оڰʹߣһ
̤ЬٴȫѹҾۻᣬȻƣҶãħһƣڣκѶԻ⡣
˿̣ڸʵͷսսڸλ֮ϣַͷޱȡ
Ȼ˿սһԣһλĹӣսа˷ˣȻҲһɣս΢΢ͷ߳˱ȭλǰشҲҰɽɽͣսӴսָͨóȵȣսɽܴأľ޴ϣλܹһٽɽ緱٣
ǿÿ궼Ͻ˰Ǯǰ֮ڣӦϽɵģܼһƷʯһ
˻˵꣬·ͷһȻǰһվһӣһλ˾һʽУһö䡣
֣ηͬ²ƽ⣡
սȻܼ峤һɫս֣λϣʮһɣһ׵ײȣû㹻ƷҲԴ棡
ʮ
һɣ
ڳˣͬʱȻ𾪣սʨӴ󿪿ڣ˶쳣
³ͻȻҵֻ׼ҪͻȻóô࣬һʮǾõóҲҪ׼ܳʱ䣬ңΪսķɽóһֹͣЩӶòɣҰ˰Ǯ
Ĵ֮һܼ峤ոճ˻ӻ֣˾Ͱѽзӡصԭλܼ峤ʼ˵һɼĻ
֮࣬ҲҵﻰΪս𣬶ϾóȻûдҪ֪ս𣬿ɲЩ˵㣡
ԱҼҵ峤ҲվƵ˵
֣⻰˼ĪսҰһ˽𣿡սһʵ
Ҽ峤֮Ҽû޳ɣȻȻûжȡɽ磬ĴԴŪøˮΪɽ䣬ӦʣķҪ˰Ǯź
ս·λǺ뷨
ɽׯԸӰţ
ͻȻǰվһ꣬ͬһ㣬˫ͫ˻ڣ߳Űսʩ𾴡
ɽׯԭɽɽ磬ԽԽ࣬ǲƴ֣ɽ֧ɽҰɽ磬ʲôʸվ
һվָȵ
һ˵ɽׯһҰɽڣϹɽػɽׯΣһأ㻹ڴ˴Բѣ
λҽҲ뷨һΪսһЩʲôҽԸ⣡˿̣һһ޷ؽߣߵ˵
ڣøڣʲôʱվһˣ㻹Žڣڶ
һʱ֮䣬ǧָԹˡ
ҶȰдִˣһɣһϢʮֹ죬ҶȿԸҿ϶ڳٴ֮Уѵõһ֣üͷһ壺ɽׯĪ½羰ɽλ棬ɽׯڰ֧֣ɽλܳΪһ޵
ϢҶȸоܲˣ屾ͳԽ壬һɣ༸ɡ
սһµõ뽣֧֣Ȼǧָȴû˸վֱӷԣɽׯƺΪɵ
ɽׯɽһһɽ粻ɽ磬зֲɽ粻һɽׯѣǰңҲԸɽׯڳͷܸɽׯа塣
ʱ֮䣬ʼһۣͷûһ󲿷˶ԸóôȴֲµңɽׯȵȾ޴
峤ҪΪ
ڸͷ۲֮ʣǴӰӪ߳ǺݺݵһңȻ¡
սüͷһͷŰɭɭȵǣʱǸǰ۴£һʲôҪΪҪȡ֣㣡
վˣָȵ峤ǧǰ㵱ˣ´﷨ּҴСǣǡˣȴ˰ҷּ˽ԿּߣǳΪķЦΪ˰ңΪһΪɽ繫ΪּһС檣
С檣
ҴС㣬С檣ֲǰ׸ֻ֣һ϶Ӷѣ̫Ŀˣ
˲˰ӣм
Ȼ󲿷˻ڵȴԣսж˶ò򵥣ʱ򣬰һȴָңо޴ı
սƽңҴС㣬ɣ
ڴˣ֪к£
ĬĬ߳ʩֶ԰սޱȿһСں
ս걾ȷʵ´ּǣֻ㣬ΪβҵķּΪοǣ

ͻȻתķ˵ʣǲţūκβƽּҶ븩ͷмؽּлһŮӣ֪ԿȨƣԸѡһĪĴͻ飬ѵˣʰҰҵʲô
ֻһ⣬ٽҹϵѣһĽ㣬ߣ˳Ц㲻óߣвʱͿǿ֮ˣһῼĸܣ
սһ˽˵ֿ꣺һ·ּķףһŮӣ˵κɣͲ˰ϣвףͼ޸ǣȻС檣ķˣ
Ŀսô˵аҵĹأһŮӣҲԼĹأȢҲԣҪţҪգӴͬСŮһϣҵһŮΪŮСŮӱҪТΪһŮţ
ˣɣŲҰң֪ǲܻǾȻˣ˵ʯ쾪Ļ
һʱ䣬˶֪УȴһƬȻ첨

սͻȻһͷɭɭǣǣſڿӣ˵ִ治Ļߣ
֪ȴֱ֪裡
ʱվʩ񣺡꣬°ɣʶ壬λ겻£һϣҲҪȥ
ŮһҸǰңŮҲܽ⣬ҾҪǲŮţ
Ȱ˵һ飬Ů˵Ľֵܾ¡
ø꣬ʲô鶼壬ŮݣҶԳ֣˼˼Ҷǰ궯ˣжŮ˹ȻŮ˵İ취Ů£Ī
Ҫǻһڴ˽֣ͱͷ
µңڰ֮£ŮӲ£ǣһˣһˣǺãֻȢңҲǲУҪܵŴҵ棬ҴܣҾͶ԰ҳҴţΣ
ֳڷȻưթգ˵һŮ˲˵óĻѱ˲˵Ļ˵˳°ң䣬Ȼһ̨£ôһŮ˴š
ˣҰңãӾͰڽ£峤Ӧ˿ЦҪղһôתͶ԰ս˵
ã˵£ȥ죡սһ⡣


513 ̫
ǡô߳Ϊε˵ȻӦҲ޻˵˵¾ͽԼȥλ֤ˣ
ǰټҾۻᣬɶϷ
Զԣ
ÿͷʾ
ˣձү֪˵ҵˣӲȭͷӲǵˣָɣ
Ƕһң춼ǻΪĨڣ²Ȼ˷ŴңʹСʵҲܰװܴ裡
Ů֮壬԰ǣͻȻŴߣΪǣҲҼӶע԰ҵ壬ҵ壡
ţĵﶼķɲܺãӺһŮ֮
СŮˣ㣬κҪ󣬶ᣬһԳУٻƭˣҪˣҪ󣬰ҲҪΣ
ã㣬Ұʧ£
ǸûǣʹӦˣȻҲÿǣʵݣ治ҴӦһŮӡ
λⳡ˼λѪ֪ҿ˭ǿʮף޵ôԲҪ̤ɣȻ͸ΪһŮӣʲôֶΣ
ȻҪùˣ꣬СƢ̫ĸ
ҵΪ䣬λһŮӣⷬٶδأбйթ
һЩͷʼ˵
Сˣ
ȳ֣ͱ÷ζ챬ըҲһ깥ȥ
¡
ʮףΪﵽڳپͷʵԭҲɽһţС֮ĳһڣžֱ֮ӺɨȥʱСӰ
񣡡
˶Ȱǿʵ֮ʱͻȻʩչһ׹һƬ֮Уεһƾʹڰȭͷ֮ϡ
һ΢΢ȥ͵رɡ
ԭˣڼǧڣҲ޵ɸֲ߽֮˴ԲѣӾ㿴Ұҵ̣ʲôǾף
ƺΪ˫һץ֮ŷ𶼱ץУģһƿľƣ
ಣ
һ꣬Ƕһʱ䶼û뵽꾹ȻпʮΪ
Ҫ֪峤ʮףʹﵽʵֲûֹ꣬Դܰǡ
ƣ
û뵽ʮУ޷꣬һδöԷߣʩչķİơ
һ˾Ϳ任޵Уڳپͷ޷
ƣ
˱ǹӰס޷ͻȻסƺʱնᣬһƴӺһ󱳡
ѩ
ѾǾˣ֮ʣͻȻԳٶȣգ۾ߣڰɱһ̣һȭаǵ


ǷһҽУҪǣ˶ǵĽ𵤣һ̾Ȼشˡ
ѩȻ淨ֲ޿֣ڰУΪʤд汦Ǵһߣ޷ץס
Ȼ򣬶û뵽˾
ɶ񣬸һҶ𵤣
ͻȻһ޵еϢǴ֮Ӱָץͷץȥ޷Ӧ
밵Ů
񣡡
ڰһɸְ·ɱҪ֮ʣ˶޷Ϣ֪ʵһͻȻһӭҴɸ֡
צԿȭͷ˶ΪŮУֻ·һ֮ʱǲ˼һĻˣȻǰҴɸ֣ͬʱһȻʵ൱¡
찡ȻɣǰҴʧʵû뵽ֽһɣ
һʵﵽһ۷壬ҳ϶״ɸ֣սƽ֣˼飡
ˡ
ŮöֶΣҶ𵤣ϷҪ㲻ݣҶҳϰʹѻȥİǱڻݺᣬһҪƴ
ǰѵղûǰҪԱﶯɱ֣ߣӵѩ֪Ǻ³ҲԱҪ־ʵã
԰ҳƣ겻һЦ˿û֮ģ˵ϣڳλΪǰϣֻ԰һҪ󣬴ӴҲҽ
Щģ֮ǰѵ֤ˣʳԣһӦ
峤ȻڴʱվɽͷҪ
ǹ֮ˣһʳԣõģ
Ĳ峤Ҳ߳˵оͷ׷֧꣬ھڶ׷ԣ³Ϊʸ֮ĵء
úãʳԣгӴԺҾͲۻյΪֹټ
սƺòУվ΢΢ͷ㱻һȺӴӵȥ
ţϷ򲻻Źңҳϣ߷߲ƽرŰһȥ
꣬ĺã˵棬ҽեȡʲô¶ܣһô죿
ǱڶʱһţͷھۻᣬصӪرķʼ뿪Ǳ
һ͵ŰҶҷѣز֮󣬵ǻصңͻ鷳ţʱŮɨһУ¶ݣͿʶʶȤԾͻؼңȥѺ壡
ãϢȥ֪ͨңϾû˺Ƥ̨ϻҪӣ
̾˼Ǳ
ϴ󣡡
ִ໥Ӵ׽Ҳܵ˰ͽᣬʱڰʹߵĳħ˿׽Ӫ֮УȴʼһҶȽ
ҿоʵףӦôﵽңаն
ҶһϢ˶ȥע꣬ҶħԻ
Ƶоȷһ״ɣһɽ磬ѵõĸ֣ϴ֮ҲעһѪۣҪʱԣֻ֪ս׾̶֮ᣡ
ǾͺãʱҪЩɣϵԽöԽҲӿƻնɱ룬ʱû鷳Ҳܷݺɽ磡
ˣ˸ͽܣүԺٸʶעⰲȫ뿪
ҶȻ˫ۣʱ׼뿪ҶҲٻһķĿ뿪ʥǱ

䣡
ʥǱռ䡣
սһȭգռ侹Ȼˣһøңø¥ݣϷߣҰսǻԿ֮ˣŰɣ
״ˣģ½ȥ죬һ׵ɹӣŰսʩ
ҶҰҶû˷սΪߣҪ취Ҿȥң׽̣
оʮң׽̣ΪҪ棬׽̳ײѣһ죡
úɽׯ뽣ڣҪһδϴȥɣΪڴˣҲõģ
սɱڶ԰ҽ
ʮ㣬ֳǿ벻м״ģΪ˴˴δϴɵͬʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ룡
ಣ
һӰ֮ʥǱҲںϣһλˣͨŨüۣ˸оκ֮ͨ
һɽ֮Ȼ˹Ȼʩ񣺡ԭԪֶǹţŰҶ롮̫ڡֶգ
ԪͷʦԪͬʦǾһˣü⣬ʦ½Ҳ£κҪֻҪкǣ̫ݺἸɽ磬ûκ˿Է
ǣǣ̫Ǵɽ紫ж̫滹ɽȻ۰޵УҰһҪֶϣӵͶ̫ڣҫͥ
ս˵
ȻֻҪһȥԪ΢΢Ц
ʦ֣ǻҪȥ£߰ɣ
ǣ
ҴԪʧվͷ
̫ڰ׳ȥҰҹȻܴ󣬲Ҷ̫ڣԺи˽룬ʱҰҾͿǨɽ磡
սЦЦٻҸֽռ䣬ٿܻ顣


514 ̫龻
Բι᳡֮ڡ
ϡʮ桢Ȩ뵽һعңͿʼټи߲㡣
ЩڰҾۻչҴӴ˲ٰҽ˰Ǯ̤ɾпʼ
λǰǸߴңһ񣬶ɱ峤ԹҴСҪ峤֣֮ðȺǰʧȥӣ´϶ưڸݣھŮȡλãΪʱϣ
ꡢٻڼ£ϯ̨Ҹ߲㣬֣
峤ᣬܴܽһλεºܣ´˻᲻
һΪﵽʮ׵Ĺ壬Ȼվڱʾ
߳壬˵ûʸνʸʲôΪ׼֪
ʲôͣϴ֮λ㿴λϲǴΪһ̤ϴλ
Ȩʵ쳤֮λŴ䣬һλȨΪ֮һٳʸΪϣ峤˽Ȩƾһ֮ԼŮΪϣϣ֮ܲ£ָ幫ƽ⣬峤һ죬Ȩ
ԣλվ򲻿ɣ
ŵЩ޷̵Ȩ󣬶վȺ鼤Ȼ峤ΪȨߣҪͦ
ǲ峤壬иλ峤˵ûйͣˣ´󹦣üӴ˲ҳƳɹ岻СңǲǸͣ
˵ûʵΪϣǺãڳ֣Ҫ߳ҵѹƣҾͷ֮λΣ
żȨһһ̤֮ƣʵȨ
꣬£ΪѹˣҪ֣Ϊĵ˵
ϣû˿̻ȻڳԣǾͱҪɫߣ
ȨͻȻץסֲҪ֡
ſ£
һ䣬ͻȻһŷͬĮɱֻǵޱ˵֣Ȩ󻹲֪ô£˾ʹӰպ棬Ѫ֪
һͻأ仯ڳȨ󡢳棬ŵòᣬ֣û֣һʮǿ߾͹챻ˡ
ˣ
һĻӹ죬᳡ٶҸȨͻȻһһΰѹÿռ䶼ᣬһռ֮ѹƨ±׷ױը飬ЩȨʼԸ˫ϥعڵϡ
һһ룬桢ɾϣȻȫƿ򣬸ŵòᣬⵥƶѣһ桢ϲȻ֣Ϊʵ˾춯أ޷Ħ
ˣʵʵҪˣҵĵ峤ˣǸҲ峤ȨǺãУҲʲôˣ峤棬ھͿ԰ЩνȨȫȥһΪ಻ţ
ϣ棬֮ˣһȨȻԲѣѹùڵϣȻϡȡ
λϱ˴ƳһۣȻû˵һ滺˵ЩˣСˣ峤ʲôЩ桢϶Ҫ𾴣ΨǴӣǾȻ峤ȨǸܵͷǻȻǻûǳһԹֲۣЩУɽλԽԽߣһ޵дɣΪѳԽκˣЩ棬ҲǶ֣Ҫ󣬾峤
ɣ
Ȩһжʱǧˣоһ䣬ҾȻһ޵֣ЩȨ׷׿ʼĿڣ峤ΪϹͣδϣ
ǺãȻǶ޻˵һ޳ɣ꣬Ӵ˾Ǵϣ˸λɣһڨЦЦ˻
ĹǴ󲻾֮⣬ӣҾ֮гһӣҸ׿أҪԺ˭ٶ峤Ǿͱ峤ӣԴͽλ
ಣ
һץȨ֮УɳһӣЩȨѹʵʵֲ̫޷⣬徫ӣдس
ڴһ£
õ˱ӣ˵Դһ֣һɴ֮Ͱ˷Ҷ꣬ѾõɽɽУѡΪӣΪҹҫͥӴ˲ٵһȣǾͣΪϣǳΪ峤ҲԹԡ
ɽ
һƬ꣬ɽ˵׹Ǹɽĳɣһּ´ͿԻɽ磬ҾȻɽڳϡ桢ȨԭаԹʱò
ڰҾۻᣬңҿ϶ưڸݣ˶֪޵дɣɽ˫ݣȥú׼Ӵ˭ٸңͳ֮
ǣ
Ҹ߲ȫһܡ

ǺֶΣüڰҾۻ䲻⣬ðҳԸһصң̹££
ӸǱ޵Ҷȣڹע߲ᣬջҶͻȻͷһ档
ɾŽףͻưɣ
ڣҶ˴׸ʵռɣҪʼ̤ɾŽףư˽
Ҷȷ˾磬ɽ磬Է˵Ҫ磬̫ףͨһĽ׷ˣɽ²꣬ܽɾɾˡ
ֻҶȲǳˣҲǷˣַ̺ԣּȼˣͻҲһѣ̤ɽʮ꣬ŴĽ̤˽ף⻹ҶȲұǱޡĽ
ҶȲίңȥڸ޷̤˽ף֪Ҫɽٶվɽ粻Ƿˣɽһһﶼɱ˵Ŀֲǿǿֲĺɫ档
˻˻
ϻҶͷųҶһ̫¯ӿҶȰΧʵʵ̫¯̫һ
̫¯ʱ޿̵ȼգ̫һЩȫ洢̫¯ǽ֮УǲҶΪ˻ԴԴԭ
ͣ
ƽٻ̫¯ȼգ޾̫һӿΪ˻棬ȼš
Ż¯ֳֳؽٻ̫һγɵĻ¯ֳһع⻵Ȼһ˿˿ķ˸
ɰ˽ףɣ
Ҷʹﵽޣﵽ洢ı״̬ٲͻƣʵ޷ץסһȭ˻¯¯֮ϡ
䣡

¯Ҷǿ£˲飬ΪƬͱҶ룬Ҷȸоһ̣ûбը飬ֱϸһ㣬ޱȡ
ɾŽ׾˽ײһȻʵ̫ԣ̤֮ǰ飬ﵽԽɵĴڣһƽ̤ɳɾͲˣҵʵԴﵽɣ
Ҷǿ̶ȣڷ˾粻֮һˣʵͻʵķԾһףͿɶסĽףҶΪһֱżͻƾ磬ǲϴԭ
ûк󣬾޷ɰٴûǿ޷ɺеֻ߾磬ΪԽߣʵԽǿʵȻԽǿʵԽˡ
ȻԣǴȡʱ׼ɴ٣λ
ҶһЦȻһ̫ü֮С
ŶָȻ˷Ӧ
üḶ́ҶȵڶθӦָ仯һξǽָȻҶӳԶƵЦݣ龻֣
ԭָͻ䣬ӿüĽԺ̫һΪ龻֡
컯ȭ̫еĹţô龻־һֿԾһеľţһɣҶ޷նɱôǧͼ޷նɱɣͬʩչ龻֣ǾͿնɱɣɣ԰ѴΪһˡܡ
̫Ȼӵ˵ľͨԺҪܽɣǾа취նɱɣǲնɱɣΪˣ
ʱ˿ҶȾϲЦ̫ݻһ̬˷Ƿֱ컯ȭҪ߼
龻̫ʱҶȺɱﵵʱֲ̣ʩչǿУȻС
Ż龻ֳ֣ҶȾͲû龻ɶѹ


515 
ҶǱ֮ʣҲٴ¡
鷳ңһΪǵˣȻʼұҶȲŲЩĿǰǴ洢ΪȻ㹻Ϳȥնɱ룬˽֮ǡ
ָ֮䣬겻֪
ԭҶȻҡҡ޾֮УȻһռ۶ţҶԪӦ֮Уһ޾ĴܣȻڳǳ֮⴫ݶŷһΪɣ졣
ƣֻײܲΧ֮㣬һܸӦ֮У
ʵھˣҶҲòͷԪӦȥɹһҶȾ͸ܵһϤϢһԵ֣񷽻֣ϤϢߣ꣬дҸ֣ٻҲС
ܱƵȫһǿߵ˭
Ҷ֮࣬侲ٻ֪ͨԷԶɽ̫һΪԪĴɾͷҷĦҵֹ֪һһˡ
ðҹӰԳ֣ҲߣԭֻǰһӣԸһֶζѡ
ðҰ˭Ҳû뵽ҴС꾹һĽ׸֣̫Ÿֽ֣ɽ磬ղǹɾ޴ƣ˽ͷųɽ˷ڹעⳡս
ԭһᣬʦܣɽͬⶼһ⣬ӵǸκᣡ
ⳡս꣬Ԫһ͸񷣬ķҶȾͿɽ˷ͷǰȲԺͣΣǿʵ£׻⣬¶˵ң򱻰ҳָˡ
ܺãҾͿԶȥնɱ룬˻龻֣ҲҪɱ룬һ˽ᣡ
ҽһ鷳ҶȸӷĿʼ龻֡

ڴǧͼƶռڣһĹϷ֣ҶȴһӡʼҶͷ
ԽԽ޴ɣ̫ݻĻ龻֣֮ϲһ̫ɵƣиصģ齻棬޷編ӡҶȾ龻ʵ
֮䲻龻֣̬ⷬһ֮һռĻ龻֣ԾһƬλ棬һ磬˵նɱʲôɡɵۣߵƬ֮ѹ
Ҫﵽռ̬ҶΪңɼֻУʷ֮У޵Ͼ磬龻һ档
ҶҰĲܾѻ龻նɱɵ״̬ˣΪնɱɣ췽ҹ̷ѻ龻һ̶ȣҶȫûаȥնɱ룬ֻһֱίңȴᡣ
ţ
̾ϷĻ龻֣Ȼһ˿˿ɷ֣ȻͻأʧˣҶüͷһ壺龻֣ӵж˵ֻͨΪǴﵽɵ۾ſʩչ׽˵ͨﵽͨŹزղžȻһ˳ֳѵʲôҪϣ
龻֣ǿԾͨʣ磬˾ǾĴڣ֮Ի龻Ҷնɱɣʵû龻Ĩɱɾ硣
̺ᡢѹվͨȻҲԲ׽صˣ޵ģûƿһ˿ˣҲܡ
Ҳˣһáϲмѭ׽ˣ֪
ƺ龻֣ڰ֮ͨѵͨԲ׽һ˵ˣҪ֪޵ġϧΪ̫ͣǴﵽ󾳽磬޷ջ龻
¹ȥô֮бʧȥ
ʦٻͷ
ȻӹԷ֮⣬ٻԶ
Īɸ񣿡
Ҷ˫һϣǶ龻ʧؿռ䣬վ޿ռӿҶ壬գ۾ͳڴ֮ڣһ֣֨֨򿪡
ɸҾͿٻ񣬲һİĽǶ飡
ҶԺ;˼⣬ףٻвҪȻһ糾ŮӴңִҪ֪Ҷݣֻǽ֪ٻĿֻһǾǶ񸶳顣
һϮֻٻ˸߲ҡǣȻڻɸ󣬵һףµţʧ߹󣬲֪ŮӣΪλ뻨ɸַ糾֮ء
һͬݼʦ
ٻǻмӣҶǰһͬ£ߺһʦ
ɣ
Ҷ΢Ц֮䣬һ֮ͰٻЩҶĿ⣬Ҷֻ񵭶ݣҶһ֪һʲô
ÿ˶Լ£ҶҲȥٸʵףҪ˽һٻٻﵽһ£
ٻžη˵ʦͽȥɸ񣬲⿪Ǳܣԭһ˫޹ҲҪһ֮ˣͶǾʹʦе㣬ﶼ֮£
ҶҪ˵ʲôһ龻ͶӰͻȻԺʧҶȴһ£֪Ϊʲôֱ仯侲Ƭ̵ǼãǾͱ˴˺úϧԷٻ취ﾡ뿪ɸɣ
Ҳ˼ʦģٻһһδʦǾ͸ǣ
Ҷǰǣ󷽵幪ʩ񣬱ٻ뿪
ˣٻҲ˹飬Ҹ뿪ʱˣ
Ҷ߶ֻӰһؿռ䴫ݶС㣬¿ҪҪʱ뿪ңȥһأ
Ҫ붯֣Ҳã⣬֪ͨұɣȥһż֮УӦ֪Ԫ̫ŵӣ˶ԻԭԪ½ȡżһϹŷ޷ȥң
Ӱ˸ƺʱʧһ㣬ÿ˵һ֣ǳСġ
Сģ
ҶջأǰسҲʧ֮£ʲô̫ڶҳϹϵֻҪٻ£ұǣңȥնɱ룡
ಣ
һϢڿռʧӿҶ֮УӦٻϢҶȻһЦ߶ǧͼգ۾ͳƿصĴûеݣóʯͽ봫󣬳ɽȥ
Ϊɽ缸֮һӵɽ缸ҶȴĿأһ
̫鷳һɺǷӵеĲһͨɺǷûģ
뿪ҶȾͼҿƵɽ磬ҪҿƵɽ緱̫࣬ɽòҲྪ档
龻֣Ҳ׽Ϣ
һǳأҶǷٱһƷʯһҺһɺǷԦɺǷɽǿգʼ龻֣עһС
û뵽龻˵ãһϢ׽ӴԺֻҪӵκһͿԲ׽λã롭
ӻ龻֮УѾ̽빫Ϣڣ·һ֮У̴߶ɺǷʻ򣬲֪һ֮С
Ψһĳǳأһֽ죬һķֶκ̫࣬ȨУݲκηڡ
һʹĹԷ֮֮һ빫ӵĸۡ
Сӣʲô
ۡţʮʿһ˺ȻҶȶŸۡ߳ȥӶìȳϡ
Һֻɸ֣һס
ܵۡƣҶת߿ͻΪһӰ븮֮ۡС

䣬һͻȻȫ£һ룬ִг˴󷽽빬Է֮С
㣬ͼˣҽأǲǣ
˽һƬۡһԷʱȻһŰֺˣһͷ֪˶ˮ
꣡
ͻȻָץסֺˣ˶ģûģԷȻУŷʲôܴ£
ҶڨڨһЦ²빬Է֮УʼѵʿˣԭֺԶݣҲǹӸϴܼңȨܴû빫ӣϴ󣬹ܼȻۡ
ӣǷҪ˶һЩģ
Ҷһ󹬣ʱŴ򿪣˶ڹԷ֮ȺҶȴ󲽽Уҽֻ⣬һ۾ͼ빫ӣ飬һһɡ
빫Ӹû˿ɣӻһãԸȥûб˭Ҳܽ룡
ҾͿʲô
ҶͷŴǧͼȻԷ֮⣬ȴ͵͵עڵһж


516 նɱ
û뵽ҴСĽףɽӣֲðŴγԿɽӣҪ̤ɾҲа취ɣ
ڣɵ˵
һ̾Ľʺޱֳף֣㿴ң֮󣬾ȻΪ̫ڵӣһ޵дɸԪǰòңʾҶ֪û취ҪЩ嶯֣
֣Ϊ˶֣뿴ԪݣΪλһɽ磬б飬¾һ·٣֪ˣȥȡѰڡȡϹŵͼż
ȣǲɽһƽյضѣȥȷһƬϹżҲвٱķĸ֣һһȡߣʣһ˻ҵʲô
ѵǹϴԣ
ԡΪǴԣǾ֮˵ʲôתᵤһΪʥɵʥɵΪһʥɵһǿߣӵд߽׵
˵ʥɵϹһı̺һ岻ֻû˼֤ԴһʥɵͲˣȴžһǿ֮ط
֣˵ЩҶ֪˶֪ǶǼٵģ꣬˵˴ҵһʥɵתᵤǴ˵õ֣ԪڿЦɣ
빫Ϊɣ֮ȴִһ˿档
ɽеĴ˵ڣһˣӵвʥɵĴڣһţǴﵽĵȼ룬ԪʲôΪȱ½ǻʲôɣѵţԪлǸ
˼Щġ
üͷһ壬Ѱ˼һ󣬲İȻβˣȣܾðڰͽԪͽ̫ɽƱѴҵʲôܣ̫ڽãҲһɽΪԺɽ̫ڣ˭ҵң
֣ˣܴԪж߲ɣ
ֵǣĴڵĻػһıڸɽ磬д˵˵һûֻڳ˯˭ܵõԿףͻһ壬ΪһˣҲȥҡԪȡҲǾ챦
롭
빫ӺȻпʼĦһıתᵤʥɵҪ취ɣȲܷŹܶһתᵤҾɣһҾͿٴ½磬ȡսףʲô̫λ桭
սףϱɴݺɽıʲôһҪǿ̫࣬һҲǲɴ۵Ĵڣɴ۵սףԴдͨһ壬ʵ˲ܲȥõ۴С
۴УǾء
˾ȻҪһжпܣҪȥȣ
ˣ겻ڸԪңҲ֪ʥɵܣɵȷ䱦Ϊɽ׼Ҫܵõһţ֪ǿʲô̶ȡ
취ˣȰɱ빫ӣܼȥȣҵأ궯֣ɱˡ
ҶͻȻڨڨЦû뵽ңȴһξѻᡣ
ԭӻ龻˸ͷ֮ʣҶȻΪԼʲô鷳Σգȴû뵽ңڤڤ֮ţֱǴס
ֵ֣֮׼׼
Ҷȶִ빫ӵȴԷԱߣͼһȺ뿪뿪ʼټʮ֣һɣʼ
ӣģȥ׼
һһ뿪ʣɣ빫ӶȥȣбŸ峤ˣ
Ȼڼ£ӹӰţ˵֮Ҳ뿪˴
ߣʲô壬һлǿʵ˵ȱӽɣ¼岻ҷУɣսס
빫һֱظ仰֮󣬲ټҶȽʱΧûˣֻˣ빫ܼܽңͬ뿪֮븣䣬ǧ˵滰ǸȥܼҲμȥˣиڣỳɣ
ǣӣ
Ҷȹش𣬺Ȼ߽빫ӣķ쳣ĵӣղӣ͵͵ͨţ¶˸ۣ·ס򣡡
ҶУݳһ
ŶĪʲôıƣߣΪǰɣͲҷУ
빫־ͳȥ
ಡ
빫סһ̣򴫳һΪУ빫Ҫ֮ʣͻȻ룬ҶҲʧ
⡢⡢ôǺ֮С
빫ӻعգޱ仯ͷִӹӸããǺ֮У𺳵ģҿѹɵ֮ΰسѹȶ

빫ŵðһͳȥ
龻֣
һӰͻȻסһӡͷųһʥĻ龻֣ͻȻ빫һ̣ͻͻͻذ˰
빫ӣϵң
Ҷ빫ǰһòʹӴܼңָģ
빫һ۾ϳҶݣ˼飺㣬ˣ½ңȻɽ磬ҪɱңҸûʲôޣ
ûʲôޣ빫ӣѵ㲻õսףɱԽͷ֮ޣʵ㣬רɽɱ㣬ҷŹ㣬ҲҪɱ㣬Ҫݣõʥɵ
ҶȺݺݵ˵һֱɱˣڿԴֿɱòʹ졣
㡭㻹Ƿˣһˣᱻնɱƣ빫¶ԣͷҪɢ龻֡
ˣ֮ǰһҪ㣬ûͶ˼УõսףǱߣɱ㣬ȡսףȥ׽оսףʵϣҪԹң
ԹңԹΪʲôҪΪаɣĨɱ꣬
Ҷ˵ش߶龻ֻ֣ת⿪ʼ빫ѹȥҶȴһץʹ빫壬˻ԪߣֱӶᡣ
û뵽빫ϣо󷨹һ㵽úãֿΪٻӾ󷨹
ɲǾ빫ӻǣӼ֮Уȡһ㼣Ҷȸ˵ľǾ󷨹ҶҲµ˽⡣
һӣǱ龻ְ빫ӣ龻޷ֱӰһ߻Ϊһӣ
һȭͷСӣŷǽ𵤣ȷǽѹɣڻ龻֮£빫ӲĨɱΪһӡ
Ҳбɽһйϸһ棬󷨹ΪǸɵӣֻûңܵõ󷨹
һץ龻־ͲˣҶֱ빫ӣģƶΪ빫ӡ
˿̿ʼҶȾ빫ӣҲǸ߼ɣܿߡ
ಣ
ǧͼҶɲǾͻصҹӸ֮УʱڵȴҶȻߵк£
ӣܼҹӴ˵ʱѵһж׼ãʱһ
ȥܼҹӣиǰϣ׼Ҷ˵꣬ͽ빫ӷ䣬ѱȡһգ뿪ǰ
Ŷʮλ֣븣ʮλ֣һãҶ˽̸һ󣬾һһ뿪Ӹ
֣֪ܼҸ߲㣬֪֮·񣿡
ǿ֮УһɺǷһʻȥڲҶƽϷ
ǣߣʥɵֱܸˣܵõתᵤȸ壡
ֵܣɲҪôɵѱȸ壬ɣ̬ȲôһõְɱˣҶ̱Σ

СӺöļƣھ¶βͣЩ֣ױնɱ˵Ҳϵ빫Ҳĵ
Ҷ΢΢һ룬֪ˣʲôɽթ໥ƭ֮ٺڡ
ãҼ峤ʶҵˣһɱȻܰæҾɱھͺң˵ȣֻҪϱͻ˵һжģǻվ𣿡
ҶװŲ֪춼Ǹм֮ԡ
úãֵܣȻҪ໥չˣϾ͵ȣǰǿ֮У٣
£Ͷʯʼ߶ɺǷʻһϡ޵֮С


517 
֮Уضһ۷棬쳾ڷڣ񱩷ͬħݺᣬƺڿ޺ɱɱ
ʮ˴ӳ籩Ԧ֣ͼٹʬ壬Ƭǰɽ֮أܸܵϢ
֣˵вڴѰǾֱȥȣߣóһ꣬ϸΣ˳ͼһԲβ԰׵صȥ
һ·֮УҶܸܵǱķҲɽޣЩޱȣӵʵҪˣʮΣգһţޣɾ޴󣬳˯ڷ֮УһѣǴҲΣա
֮Ŵޣ֮дʵȴɣЩûɺǷ޷뿪ģǴﵽ޵ۡޣǿֱӷǺӣ򣬳ưһ
ȻȥޣʿҲնɱޣͬࡣ
ôˣ
Ҷȼɣڳ籩֮д󣬷ŷʱᱻûǿĴɸ󱣻Ҷȴʱʩչ龻֣ܵͨԪѰңȻҵ
ܵҶϢ⾪ȣҶΪ
Ҷ治ɫϽԿϵĽûڷ֮УʷżдѰϹżҶȰС㣬빫ѱնɱᣬھ빫ӣܼӣƺԪѰʥɵ˵빫ӣҪһҾͽƾͼƣˣҪСֶΣɱ˼ɣ
û뵽ϸְᷢԪ½ĿģѰһأ⴦ͱҷ֣һֱûȥԭҪñأֺϽҪ̫ްԣ
̫ڱɽҪǿܽУþĻԭҪ䲻⣬жȡȻҲ֪£͵ʲô֪ʱ֣ȡ
򲻵ѣҲնɱǰԪɱ̫ڵӣϰҲףҪǱƼˣЩһع飬ҲǶ֣Ǿͳ䲻ᱦɱҵˣ֪ɱ빫ӣ鷳ˣ
޷֮Уޡ׵ƺ޴ڣԶֽǰ
ҶȻص˱ˣһԺնɱˣʬ嶼£ٻҲɵɵͽˣ߽ʬ˵ϱʲôʥɵУһʬ壡
ԭˣֲٶ˾ˣȻԶᡢҲ޷ãģպһΪռˣڸԪңѽ
ͬ಻ƣӷݶ
ҶȺȻƳһӶԷ֮Уѿһ˿ЦҿǰһãΪṩ֮ǰҲŻѴ󲿷ʯһɺǷΪӣһо˲
ȡЩҿαģҲվҪعɽǡöñ׸ʦһ㣬ɽ⣬ȥ˶ɽ磬֪ɽʲô
ãִݶ
նɱ룬̫λΣ׽Ȼгȥ㶨ҿȥɽҸ֮أͻ٣һɣ
ҶһһƻγɣҪģζɽ٣һҪ洢һɣϸɸʬõ֣ôҶҪɽٳɺ⣬һɣͻﵽһ۷壬ǿӵдɷ򣬽ɾʹҲԽס
֣㿴ȣ
֮Уƹˣпһ״߸ͻڷ֮ϵ׳ɽ壬һΣ׳ۣƺƯģΪ棬ʧȥһ¾ƺڷ֮ϡ
ˣǰһɸ߽ǿߡ
𺳳˵Ҳһ̾οǷ˵Ҷȡ
ΰֶֻдɸ߽ײ̤ɾʮѣһɽ̶̰ͿҴﵽɾʮͿ̤۷壬Ҫ۷ɣȴһѹء
빫ӡЩɽıԴˣʵȥꡢʮȻɣУԻͻƴɣҶַɽˣҪͻƴɣҪȱԴǧ򱶡
һ̤ɣͷŷ޷ƵĽ䣬ÿһͻʮѣǴﵽжνݣĽ׵ףһ׵ףͻףҪĽײף⿿оͲУɽٴɣֹڴף̤ĽףǾǾ֡
ȣǰٸҲ޷Ǵﵽɽݵס߽ײſԣס߽ױ˵һɽٺ٣Ƕɽ綼һɽɡԼɵͽ£ôɽ磬Ľ׵״ɵ£ɽ磬ǾǴɸ߽ס
ɽϣɾͲʲôǶһԿɣ̫ڵǾһΪɽǻʵۡ
ಡ
˷֮Уһͷľ޴ηչǰ籩ܸӦѰ
ѱʴȹȻǵߵģΪķż׷ǵܿ飬뵽ʯٵȣ֮вǿյ
ƿصĳǳزСϹż֮У䲻Ǻ׳ۣĶߡżҲ˵֮ǰĻԻ͡
֣ǿȥ룬ߣ
ȸоʧ˷һӡץסһȻǰϢʱۣͰѰϢ
˳ȥҶӦλãꡢҡԪϢ
ʮ֮˾ʹٹżһٶߵĺǰָӦһֱӴ˳һ߷롣
ûʲô
˽޴󶴿ߣŷеĵطǧĶ޴Ķߣڲп֪жٽƶռ䣬ϧʱû¶ʯò
СģϢԪϷ̳·Īڷ̳У
Ŵ뷨̳֮ϣʯʯѱѰȡߣԿɱʬǣһǶۼˣǰ̳ɽ籦ʯʯɵġ
ʮ˿ʼΧűѰһء
ؾڱҲ࣬һġι֮УֻҪ巽ͬʱעͿԽ⿪
ɻ֮ʣҶѴõذ취ǰԵ˵һ취
һԣ
һ֣ҶǰͬʱͷעһֹͻȻûһ֮⣬ϲһ֮У˷׷׽С
˾һƬƬ⣬̤һ󷨿ռ䣬ǰһ˾ͷ޿ռ䣬Ưһ֪ʬǣʬ֮ϣд䡢Լ
ҵģ
Щˣ뱦ؿռ䣬Ļںʲôӣ׷׳ȥȡڻ֮вӰҶ᲻֪Ҫ룬ȥѰıҲʩչǧͼǱȥʣЩǿߡǴҲᡣ
Ҷȷ󷨿ռʵ󣬶ڿݽߣȴа֮ϣϢһҶȸӾһƺû뵽ҶȻʾһͷԪƽһͼơ
񣡡
ҶڨڨһЦһգͲˣʣϢһʱסˣҶȾȻ¶ⲻնɱ
Ȼ㣡
ȻΪ߳һصİңһɶϢʩչԪ½ǰ󣬼Ϊ𾪣ȻһӦ֪дڶᱦɱĴ
ȫƽƣûעķøµɣ
ҴһƷɱ
񣡡
Ǵһ׸֣صؽһƣʱ߿Ѫ˾ͿʼߣƺҪȱԪŹһֻӬһϢݳȥǰɽҷȡһݡ
С㣬໥ɱҶ֣ƽɣ
˿ͼ֮ǰҶֳͬʱͼڲֻӡ֮ʮУÿһƺͬ졣
ָǸ޴󱦺УепֱӶȡ϶ûʱȫȡߣҪԪ֮ǰ뿪
ã
ҶҲôģҪȫﶼߣǻʱߡ


518 ˱۵ħ
ͼ֮ΪӡѱѹУ̩ɽ
ӡ֮Ԫ֣Ĵ룬ֱժӱɣҪУӣһһǧ̰ģ
ɲǴĽΰͬ׺ɣͼҶҲ̫һҪһͬ˺
ͻͻ
Ŀ겻бУϷУȫУͼһ㣬ͬػѸͰͼʳһУһкȻǰһֱץ򱦺С
֨
ס˲䣬һĹ죬Ҷȶ챻εȻ˿͵;ű

Ѹ֮ۿҪõУͻȻǱΧӿһȻһɲǾ֮С
񡭡
ͻأ仯ʵ̫˼飬궼δӦӱУŷһϢĿռ䣬꣬걻һ̣Ҷۼֿ죬һסꡣ
סң
һ̣ʮָҶƴȫҪ̫ץסҶȵ֡
ٿ
ͻȻǹɹŷӵʶƺܵв߷ϣͻȻɢԾϺ֮ƣһ¾ͰҶС
ĽʵȻ޷һ룬ɼжôǿ󣬶뱦ȻƯУΧͼӡڼǹµ壬û壬бжֳ
Ϊ˰Цԭǰ׵һ
һѪ֮ȻԪֳһɽǽϣȻǻ빫ɸԪǿʵ£ͬƵģѿҪʧȥ
ߣܼҵˣЩǵóѣȻܸǱ˻ãһֵܣȻڼҲһɱ߳ա
ԪһЦ¶̰Ǳؾ̫ãɢϾͿԵõȫУ
¡
ʱռ󷨾Ȼݣӿռ£ؿռϾҪը
ã˴˻أϧߣ
Ԫ̷ӦǴĽ׸֣ǴֶŷӡһץץУȻѰšӥҰôǿռѷ˳ȥֻһ̣ռ䱦غһըһжΪ

ղʲô춯
һûʱ䡢ûϢ߻谵ؿռ䣬Ҷڵ棬˯ã˻һ˵ضѡ
ɶ񣬾ȻûжȡһУ
һӦǿпһûж߱УӶˣ΢侲֮ҶվķŷһĿռ֮УҴػأ֮У
ȷȥûгڣ
֪壬ҶȿɲһֱϿգ֪ƽʱеķС˲ƣͻȻҶȷһ̣ʧȥá
䣡
ո뿪һߣҶ˲бʧȥƽ⣬ص˦ڵϣʹȫ飬ƺһǿﶼ緲һ㡣

״̿һûƽʱǾ˲ƣո˾ͱռһɳȻѹͼԼֻǳǰһСͬ·ͨһӶѡ
꿴Ҷֿķܹ찡Ȼռ䷨ȫͬɽ磬ƺʲôûУֻ򣡡
򣿡Ҷ㶡
Ҷȳ޿ռȥ꿪ʼ͵ؼصܷˡ˻󣬶ڲϵںϷ򣬴Ʒ˵ǴȻǳڰҹ׵硢˭ȵȶǷһֶѣƬռ䣬еķȻߣֻʣһ򣬿ˣӵпƷͨǰһۣȻֻиı䷨ͨ޷ﵽ취ͨܵ취ǾͿԵ棬ǲ󣡡
һϢҶҲʲô״̬Цãµ֮УҪɲܷɣҪܴ󣬿һͨȴ緲˺ô
̫żԪжȡԶżһ㶼Ϲǿµ壬Թ֪жٵǿߣԶŴܣ֮Уɽһλʦ֣ǰþһƬż֮УҲ壬Ԯ޷ƬռһзԮᶼûУ
֪˶ãƺҪռ価ͷǰһռ侹Ȼͬŷʲôڡ
ҪȥҿͬѨ
˭ҪͬѨһҪ̤ɽ硢ɽ硭ֱɽ죬Ϊɽ糬ۣ
ݺƳҶһۣΪŭ
ôţ뻺һգɣ㿴ǰƬռƺй죬ûУϷаռɵۼ
һ·Цռ価ͷǰռ䱻һɿȻѹΧаŷʲôڡ
ţȻһƷɵ
ĿȻ룬һɵһռ֮УƷִ˵ҲһңҲûжƷǻһץһס
ꡭ
ɵγһ̣ȻһڰħѪɲŵЩгռ侹ȻѪ
á
ҶŵڰħѪڵϢ޼˻ĪתŷͬϢĴڣҶȴ󾪣꼱æˣһΪĵʿ
ʿ
һĶˣȻ֪ʲôǿ粢ĵطɽҲвٴܣȥðգɽż֮УвٹڵʿĽܡ
ʿɶڵǿߣʶѹ֮ᣬȻУûһѪ⣬ֻ壬ʶħɱ¾޳ֱɱ¾
ܣôˣӵʿɽ磬ɽǿߣֻдӵϹŷδа飬ѵֻд۲ʵƷʿ
һ̣Ҷȱ£궼һɣһŵòŮӣǿռ䶯Ͳŵ÷
Сģʿ򵥣۷ӡһܿģҪӡ
Ҷȿǿռ䶯ʼ飬ְڰŷסһħͷҪӿռƳ
ء
ռ仩رƣɳĺڰڰ趯˵ǰȻѣŴ۰澹Ȼɵźһ߳һɵİ˱۵ħѷӡǰصشϢ˲
ɱ
˱۵ħаҶ꣬²һǧɵҶƷƷǶǵϢ
ӣ
붼û룬Ҷȵͷܣһڵƴܡ
ͣ
˱۵ħʼ׷ˣһɵȻֻϰ˱ɵѪɱֻסɵ׷ɱȥ˱۵ħҲһ߱ܣһ׷Ҳ޷շС
ȥ鵶ħ֮оȻϢһڵɶ񣡡
걼ţʱͷ˱۵ħ˱۵ħ׷ᣬԽԽôܵùа

ҶһƺһӴˣһʿһȥ

ͻȻתһ⣬ֱѹƻȥһָһɫ־ǧﳯ˱۵ħȥ
Һ﷨ãͬʱоҡ

˱۵ħɫ־趯ֱִۣŰɫ־һɵ־ײĿ档
ŵĶᵽɤۣⷨʦƶɣƷںϣ֪ܲܰѰ˱۵ħʱƷ

ɫ־ͬϢĺˮŰ˱۵ħͣ˱۵ħҶȶɵˣƷа˱۵ħ壬Ȼһ˺˱۵ħ壬˿ơ

˵һ˵е֮ǿƷ޷һ˺ҪǻһȫƷ

ϳִδйĿ־壬ʼͷųܱռѹţǴɫ־֮С
ͻͻͻ
ɫ־ΰʱӿٶȣͬһգ۾ͰѰ˱۵ħסʵʵ

˱۵ħֱֻۣסһʱ޷ӵȻƵŭȴ޷


519 սħ
٣ǴС㼼һ˱۵ħû취ˣܲɱ
ɫ־ȫƷ˱۵ħҶȶƷ࿴귢ӵܾ¡
ɱ
һ޲øҶһȭȥ˱۵ħױɱһɱʦָ߽״ɳ֣Ҳɱڻ취뿪Ϊϲߣ
ӣôӣռ䷨ֻʣҶҪѹƣ޷ͷųɶɲôȥҶۿꡣ
ҧס۴ôƦӣôҲΪʦԼ취ϲ˶ã
¡
֮ʱ˱۵ħɵȻȻֱӰҶˣǰɫ־ҲϣΪһζɢһء
ۡ
غ󣬴һѪɫ԰ףۿҪεҶעһס壬޷⿴ǰ˱۵ħȻԤһҴĽʵϱԴ޷Ʒ˱۵ħãһ
ȷҸǶ֣ҶȰ̾˿ۼ֤˱۵ħƵĽ׸ַġ
ݡ
˱۵ħһʧȥ趯˱ۣɵͳɱʮɵͣҪ֪Ʒһ£ҲҪҰ˱۵ħһжǿ
ٿ
ţ˱۵ħˣ󲽳߶һɵֱճն
ˣ
˱۵ħٶȶ죬ʵǿ˵˿ԷУ޷ӹһֱѹƣ갧̾һĪǽҪ
֮ʱɵ׷룬֪ܴҶϣһȻ˲һɣǡ뵶

ɵݺݵؿڵϣȼ¡һ𻨣ռ䶼ݺһ£һ˿ֲ̿ˮ˵ʲôͻȻԼһ˫§סƢ˫΢΢ְһΣɵ
ž
գ˾ͳ֮⣬ûҶɿ֪һƴݺſ֣
С㣬ҲɫǣѹƣҪǲ§ס㣬ô㴩󣬶㿪Ҷû뵽˴һ⣬ȡ֣ʱǷǡ
ȥˣΪڿռ䴩󣿡
ŭδɢЩ࣬ʵ
Ҷȿ˱۵ħǼһɱɫһҵܣܸ㣬ûа취뿪ҪȥǸ취
ռȫ򣬸ȥҸоռ˱۵ħϢϢأҲֻѹпƽռ䣬뿪
ʧ˵
ҶȺȻɿ꣬һֻҶǰȫңҵҪ취Ʒ˱۵ħ
ֻҽ񣡡
޼ƿʩԸֳԽǿУôа취Ǵʮ׾ͷռ˱۵ħҲֻ·һǴﵽ˱۵ħͬʵĸ֣ƽռ뿪
һ룬ⲻ췽ҹ̷һɽ磬Ѱұȥɽ֮ϣɽ罻ڵ޽֮Ѱ籦ȥˡ
Ľͨ߶Ҷ壬ʱ˿̣ҶȵڽôĽ˱۵ħ֡
ݡ
˱۵ħһɱӶɵΧЩɵӿֲҶ˲ɾ롣
޼ս
Ҷ߶޼˻ףһӡ֣һץĽʱһʮɳ޼սˣ
ˣ
δ֣޼սȻͷâҶʵ޷ģƣȫĴʵ޼սҲǴĽ
ǺεȵȻҸоһȥһ׸֡Ϊλƣ걾Ż̬ȣǵȴ޼սʩչľȫ

Ҷס޼սһն˱۵ħ֪˱۵ħŷӵʶӵ͵ס޼ս屻͵һЩɵ׷ױʧȥϵ档
˱۵ħ˰ɣҪǱдΪñɾʩչͨжٽһ
ٿ

Ҷȴδйʱĸоڴ˿ӵдĽʵһնȥ˱۵ħסһǼʮɵ䣬ֻܿص֮С
˻ƣ
һ̣һĻˣۿҶһͲƣһڰ˱۵ħţ˱۵ħȻɣҶֹصǰ
໣
˱۵ħɰףҪ֪ռ䣬аףһ׶޷УɼҶһư˻жôֲ
ʥǹ
ҶĻݰ˱۵ħдϢᣬһץĽĽ׵ȼĹʥǹ
ʥǹܵʥǹϢ񡭡
һʥǹ֪ҶȴиٻּҶȻȻɳڿзڣȻͻȻչһǹ̳
ͣ
ʥǹȻһ´͸˰˱۵ħţȻֱҶ壬Ȼǰ
ҶȻں׼ҪʩչΪĹС㣬ȥҪͣҲȸһ´ɾ磬Ǻεȸо
֪ԹǹҴĽӿ룬Ȼ޷жǿ󣡣
Ȼһйģٻн죬гܵʹ࣬ģһľ񣬲ҪҪ³ֻ·һ
ߣø˱۵ħɣҵĹʥǹ֮УȻ¶ûУǹպñҿƣ
ҶȼֿŰ˱۵ħȻվɵڲڷ
棬ɵֶȴ޷ƽ״̬޷ɱģֻĥѣ
ָ侲ʼҶȡ
ã֣취ѹ컯ȭ
ҶɲǼ䣬һڰ˱۵ħովҪһɱҶȾͳǰ
ǣҶǿһУ컯ȭˡ
һʽ
ҶϢͻȻסԣͷţԣȻ޷ѹһӣҶѾӡһչһȭа˱۵ħ塣
䣡
˱۵ħҶһȭУûк˰֣ͻȻһһɹɲʥȭâڱըĿʥ⣬ռ䡣
ǿԣ찡һϣôŨҵԣţֻд۲Ե
꿴һĻʱ˿̣Ҷȵ˿ҶԭǷʵͨǰ˵ʲôҶȽչֳʵֱԿɸ߽ס
ҲҶȽһͻƴĽףͿնɱɸ߽ףԶʵʮٱ
ܲ𾪡
޷ǣȻҶʩչͨȻвʥоҪһȭϣҪնɱ
ʱҶȶԷ֮ȼİ˱۵ħսԺ֮У˰˱۵ħҶΰ
ء
˱۵ħȫʥʥ⣬ϢȻڱʥɣϢڼ޷һ¡
˱۵ħȻʵ̫ǺڰаĿǣ޼˻ף˱۵ħңǣ
Ű˱۵ħʼȻͷſֲȫɵڲƺҪɳնɱԼҶϢҲ
컯ȭжҶҸղһȭǽĽһȭھǴĽ״̬´һȭҶҲ޷Ԥϡ
˱۵ħȻûбݻ٣ǵ֮
Ҷȡɽţɽе֮ӣҪ򱶣¾ɽ죬ҲҲӡ
Ȼ֮䣬ɫ糺죬¶ЦݣޱȣϾѣҡҡͷĿ⣺ôܶһ˶ģ
ԣҶȲһˣЩЩ
̾ϢҶȵţǱܣڻǷˣʵâɣɽһܣͻᱻնɱᣬţ֮࣬еĴܣ޷ͻأרŶһЩţޡ
ϣߵøԶø߽ɽ綼㣬֪㡭
ƽŰ˱۵ħƺҪҪչ޵ʵĿ⿴ķѵֻѹ˱۵ħлȥҶȵȷԽҵ󣬵Ҿ绹̫Ǵɰ˽ףôҶȾͿʩչԽ˽ʵʵɱ˱۵ħڲĽף
ò׿һ˿ϣ귴ԽԽңɼнԶ


520 ħ
ѵҪڴˡ
־棬ԶԶƿطΧʮһ㣬ȫӳҶϣҶҲ޷նɱ˱۵ħһһգֻȱ˱۵ħҵΪһࡣ
޵ֻ꣬Ϊͷŷֶ޿տ
໡
˱۵ħƺԼ컯ȭһգǧɵȻͷӿ˱۵ħ壬״ָֻ̬޵С
úãӵд״̬ɢһսˣô컯ȭڶʽ죡
Ҫİ˱۵ħҶҪΪǿһһƣֳڴʩչ컯ȭڶС

Ҷռ䣬ȻĦһ棬ٿһ£޷ٶȣڰ˱۵ħǰ޷ӦϾ˱۵ħӦٶҲռҶӵгԽռٶȣȻҲڰ˱۵ħ֮ϡ
䣡
컯ȭڶʽ죬ݺݵڴĽ֮УһҶȱɳȥ˱۵ħ֮УһαʥâϢЩͬʥâȻ״̬ŷҪѰ˱۵ħһߡ
һȭ֮ǰһȭһϧ޷նɱ˱۵ħǧ򱶡
𾪿ǰ˫սĪҶȣ˱۵ħκֶζ԰˱۵ħûκãֲУͻᱻ˱۵ħնڵ¡
û뵽Ҷչֳһһۣͨȴնɱ˱۵ħȫûġ
˱۵ħڵˣڵʿڤʿԼԦʿ⣬ﶼûǰ
˱۵ħվѹʥҶҲƬ̹򣬴Ħ취ԺֵڵĻ档
ڤ壬һԦһ˿˿Ҫɽ磬ҲҪնɱһ۶Ƕ֡
κڤʿ޷ȡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷʶһˣһۣʮ˲һͰѰиĵԣ׵ˣҶⱲӼʶǿ

Ҫ֪磬Ȼʮ˲磬һ㣬λɽһɽ磬𣬾Ȼ˼һ飬ͻ磬ɽ۶޷
ҶȺ֪ٴҪȫһ᲻ɽһɽֱӻɽ綼ԻʵǴҲ
ڤ
ͻȻӿһ꣬ڤӡҶȶ޷ڤָֻںϣգڵϵףڤĴˡҲ֪ʱ£ټڤ磬ߣ
ţڣôͷһ˱۵ħͬĵϢ
ڴʱ֮Уһ˿˿â

˱۵ħһѳٴδɵ֮֮ǰ״̬֮ǰ
컯ȭʽԵ
Ҷ׼ãʣдٴռĦˣŹˣһȭа˱۵ħҶһαɣоֱ۷飬˸صǰ
໡
˱۵ħʹధУͬ񺿣ëսʥȭڰ˱۵ħݺᣬһ޴󣬰ԵʥԵа
ְʣעҶڣͿһգôɱ˰˱۵ħҾҪҵ֮£
˱۵ħʵ̫׺ɼǰһ˱ޱߣҪɱҾ磬޷ɱٶٴȥҲľһ죡
һ޵״ֳֳ̬ҶȻֻʼ˼
ٰװ˷ҪʣѰ˱۵ħݺѹȥ
ͷŶ飬ϢԽԽ٣Ű˱۵ħҪղ֮䣬Ϣ֮УȻһ˿ϢǸ̥ûбϢħɲԸ

Ҷ˼һͨ׷־һǱҪúκ漣Դ죡
龻֣
ͻȻһҶһڣôǸո̫һ޵֮ͨ
а취ˣ
ҶȾ˱仯һпŷʲô
Ҷ߬ȭͷ࿴꣺Ҫʩչһ׾ͨװѰ˱۵ħѹҪȫԸƴȫһ
мɰգ
֮ɣ
ɻһʣҶȵһ䣬ʵҲ֪ʵĴǷѹס˱۵ħ
ݡ
ڴ˿̣˱۵ħȻһѳײеش߶ʮɵ˺ݺݵɱ
뷣
һϾȻһԾӨǴӷа϶ȡѩһʹɵǰɵ֮У׷ɱȥ
û취ˣһ԰ɣ߶ѩٶʵڿò˼飬ɵ޷ϣգ˱۵ħ
龻֣ѹ
˱۵ħƺδ󣬶ҶͻȻʩչǧͼƯڰ˱۵ħ˫ִһʥӡʱһɾ޴Ļ龻ִҶǰֳڰ˱۵ħת֮ʣһ°ס
䣡
˱۵ħװܷ龻ס֮󣬾ͻӶ˱۶Ż龻һǣһжǰ׷ѹΪ龻޵ģƾ˱۵ħιǻ龻˸ڡ
ʲôͨ˷ǷȻһֳ˯ǵĴ
վҶһԣɫȻŻ龻֣Լ̫С̫ȥܶԷ
ҶȲעӳַӡߴٶԷӳѹ˱۵ħ
䣡
Ľΰ˫һģԴԴҶڡ

˲Ϣ֮䣬˼һĻˣǿ޵Ļ龻֣ڰ˱۵ħǰʲôֻסԷѣҶٴνӡ龻־ȻͷŴ۽⣬ΪʵƵģס˱۵ħ
ء
˱۵ħ徹Ȼڲֿ־״̬ƴͷſ˲ɱκδɵĿֲƣŻ龻ֹÿһιǵаȻԴԴϱ龹ա
˱۵ħÿһҶͷϺˮԽԽܼ֪ӵҪƻ龻ֶԿ˱۵ħҲǳɡ
ƺӽѣȻգɫ԰׵ؿİ˱۵ħ³֣ô
ҶԱɫǲУ˱۵ħ̫ȥǼֲ˶ãԽԽҪȥ治֪Σ
ȫȫ߶Ҷͻ׵Ҫһ֮
ͻȻ˫ۣһɻͻȻͨģͬһӿҶ֮С
⣬ȻҪǿ󼸱ģһữΪĵģᣡ
ǷӡҶһʱ޷ƣ̫񣬴ϯ̫һһʱ䶼ѹȥǴɵĿֲҪǶҶȳ֣Ҷֻ·һ
صķӡٴδҶ֮ͷţǻ龻ת̫ģʼͷų֮Ҳָصӡһڤڤ֮֮ͷţ˲Ϣ֮䣬˱۵ħڱ龻ֶᡣ
ӵʵİ˱۵ħʧȥڻ龻ֶȻ£ԽԽʵҶȻڿϵش߶龻ѹ˱۵ħ
ɣ
ҶͻȻһץӰ˱۵ħɳһԪҶץзŷհ˱۵ħ
ᣡ
˫һ龻ֺȻһС͵֣ವһ˱۵ħԴ֮ϣѻѹֻҪҶһͿԴ߶龻˲Ĩɱ˱۵ħʶΪһ߻֮ͬˡ
ˣ
˱۵ħΪеļ䱻ҶȾ˱۵ħֻҶΪˣֻһָţɱ
찡㾹Ȼܽ˱۵ħ
һΪҶȰдظٲκΪ˱۵ħѾ꿴ͬһ˱۵ħǲһ
Ҷȵں飬龻ֵİ壬ܲ¶ȣ˱۵ħߣӴ˲ǰ˱۵ħǵūū£
䣡
ūˣ
ūʵʵ˫ϥ£ռ䶼𶯣¹Ҷȡ
ˣ㾹Ȼѱ˱۵ħԺ˭κε㣡꾪ޱȣȻǰҶȵĿͨͨһ̱ơ
˱۵ħһ޵еǵ飬ֻеڤʿɽϵľſԽɡһ۶޷һвܶҶȴơ


521 ج֮ٻ֮
һ䣬˱۵ħҶۣѱΪĵĵūҶԺһ֣ǳħҲֻиɵ۵ķݡ
ȼʿǺεȸֻѹɽҲҲڶ
ֻҪҶȷ˾Ҫū£ԲվţȥɱˣԲ˻
ū̫֮࣬ǰ״̬ԺԴڹУǰòնɱ빫ӣõڶ㡢㾻󷨹ں֮޼˻ӵе򣬵ū͸ף
Ҷһūվʮɸߵ壬Ǻˣԣǵսľѹ֡
ҶȵõĽӴԺҪݺһɽ磬ɰԣûѵ㡭
ҶȿЦūȻȼʵҪݺɣû⣬Ҫ½ΪΪǾ̫󣡡
˼ܣţ
˵֮ʣƾȻͷųռѹȻڼŰ˱۵ħռŷҲҪ
ȻƽռܣڵūϣС㣬⵶ūȻһҾռ䣬ŷҲӵһ˰˵֮ڣ
һȻҶͷųԽӯռʧһƼĸо
ʥɵתᵤЩǸ
һЦһҲҶⷬ壬ỹбʮϧصʱնɱаŵõһתᵤҸ̤ɣɽ粻֪ˣõϧҪɵκһţͿҼɽ
ݡ
ڼռ䣬ͻأر任ҶҶȴŵūɲǼ俴ռ仯ΪһԪҫʧˣһչͨʯ֮Уԭռʯ֮еɡ
ˣҶŵһģȥ
ৣ
֮䣬ǵʧĻԪ㣬Ȼٴγ֣ʯңֻһöɫϵı䣬ڲ֪úʴɡ
Ҷȴ󷽿꣺С㣬ȥȡıһжڤڤ֮עģҽūҲӵ
ಣ
һץֱӾģָͨںģ
ö䣬ͷռط˷Ǵĳڣɽ죬Ҳϵ챦
ģڱȷջ˵ҶȲģǼٻ˭ٻ׽㣬ǱˣҶȿ϶ű֣֮öͬѰ
ڱͷ״̬ռ֮УִɣҪܵƣûѩͨ˶ѣūִڣռҲƣ֪öٶп
뷣
ɣһξѪ뱦֮Уգ䣬ҶҲԭزʼָĵūҳϵػҶߣͷϢ


񣬸״׼ӻɸ
һҹ죬ٻƯյĻɸ˾ٶǣɷˡ
˿вٹү뻨ɸٻǶֺһ裬֪ٻǵǸһиĽ㣬˭ûٸٻǰ
ǳ򣬺ߣ
ݼү
ٻ뻨ɸķﶼվӭӣǰٻٻȻûаڳһӣȻֱ֮С
ʦٻҪһһҪΪ֮ļ֤ˣҺֿʦЩ
ٻ᷿֮У˼һȵŮ˼ǫ֮̈̄ϣҪٵϣƺҲӦͶһ糺죬׼һס
ž
øɸ󣬻˵ûŮȥŮӸҽ
˶ڵȴǾ֮ʱͻȻһ֮УһŭİŮһƺֲм˵ԭ⻨ɸͷƣ񣬽ձӾҪźͳͳ
ӣ
ҹͻȻվͷžɱҪȥѵǶԲˡ
䣡
ûҹ뿪᷿ͻȻһ꣬ͻȻɳһֱӰѻɸʿɣǰȻǸӢ꣬˫̰ƻ񣺡ͷƣվ̱ӣ
Ļ쵰ǻɸ󣬲
һɸʿȻȫɣķӿѰΧˮйͨ
һλŮӣЦеߣλӣСӲӿͣ빫Ӽ£վ͵ɸ빫ӹعˣлѶѣ
֪ˣһƳмЦϻֻҪͷƣû
λӣ㲻ҵĽãҲϣ˭֪񣬾Ȼҵ˵һ仰
Ĳ۵ļһ£Ҫ㲻ú
ķ᷿ǧˣĸķĹ٣׷վŰʹָ
ӣҲ˰ɣ㣬СӵˣվҪҴƣҶҪ֣αûȤҵ̣һ𣡡
ŮӼƶƫɸ󣬶Ϊ˹УҲʼȰ˵ƾգϵ֮
ңң
국һߣü룬ЦҵйһӡʲôʲôٲӾҪͽǣ
˾ȻѰҷķ겻ѣĲ֪ߵغļһһĸ幫Ӹ磬һγߣŻûгʶ
¾ӣٻλ̨ңǸ
ٻҹʮλˣ᷿ɳķ̰ٻʰŵİꡣ
ٻһɣһϣɽ綼ϣǰ˵֣Ұ
Ȼ¶׽͸ЦݣãٸһᣬҾҪŮˣԹ׸үܵͽ䣡
ҼС㣬ӣɱ
ҹ޷һӣʿлɸʿҪնɱꡣ

·ߣذΧ걯۵һ̾˶Ϊ飬˵ԭͼɽ磬ܿܣһ£û뵽һȺӬŪû飬ñӲˬû飬Ҫͽˣ
Сɵ˰ɣ
֮󣬶ʱôЦ
ٿ
ͻȻϿһָָͷųһȵĹҫҫ͸ϢԱߵˣ԰ס
á񣡣
ٻһ̾㤵س񣬶ķˣٻΪд˾ٶûһ˸ӦȻһ֮ҫӰָⱬΪģʲôҹʿɸַ׷ڻ֮ҫ»Ϊ

ĳǳأǺӷĺգɸȻգ֮䣬һ棬ʱΪһǺһ£ŷںôʱ䣬ǳضһϯ
ǳΪĻɸڷƹ󣬾ȻʲôҲûУֻ¶ĸӰӰƯڰգǰһˣǰǹڵϣһѪ졢յƤȫõٻ
ٻﱧѾûźһ£ȻΪһŻҽɢ
û뵽һɣȻڱǰܻ
ǳػڻ֮УЦʯ쳹أһȫ˵ٻɣ֪㲻ģҾʹ󷢴ȱ㣬ǡ칬ִߡҡУϣټ
ꡰתŷԲΪƽصķ棬֪˲У޶ݣŷУֵһ
ӣǸ뿪ˣֵͼɽ磬ͼûҪŭǿϻ칬һӲڣ𷣹ӣ
ˣߣͻأһ˰ۺȻɫ񷣬ŷ۾һƽ񷣬֮Ưһʥ칬
ৣ
칬ִߵˣ̴Ʋ㲻
칬ִߡ𡭡ʦ
ٻѪͫĵž뿪վգþԺڿ߸Ѫɫ֡

һٻ֮г˶ʱΪһƬҽɢڿУǡ칬ִߣ߸Ѫɫ֣ȴڿС

꣡
ʯ֮Уͬʱ䣬ҶԪ磬һԪͬһʱɢΪΡ


522 ŭȼ
ٻ
ܣ
Ԫ磬һԪӡ顢ΣҶͬʱһֹͣæ׽ԪʧԪȼ𾪡
ԪôˣʧӰ٣ܲܳ⣬ܣ֨֨죬ͬǧ򽣱䡣
¡
ɿֲưѷʯˮ˲ƣƬУΪ촷ۣ볾Ư֮С

ŭ𣬻δֹͣȻһķ˲ݻ٣ΧѰˣΪ޾ѣ׷׼Ⱦӡ
ٻ
ҶǷĬһٻԪӡǣʧӰ٣ٻ䣬ʧɽأʧ˸ɾǴ۶޷ѰҵٻԪ
ۿ̲סʪ󣬼ⶼ챬ըȼաڱڡŭҶɱ죬߶ǧͼ˲Ͱһͬռ
ľؿҶɽǿղͣԭҪ²ܴﵽʮ˲ңԶǿմƿ֮С
⡭
˳ڷǳϿգȥ֮һǳػΪ棬ʬѵõǣԲûһڣֶΣһɶ졣
ӷʬԿʵͻȻƬ̶ѡ
ܡܣ
ɲǼڻɸڵգػִգоٻϢ޴ڣȴ޷γϡ
칬ִߣ
𣡡
һ̤Ҷ޵վգδɢ߸ѪɫǰѪ֮͸ŵѪҶٻ䣬ԣѪ֮УҶȷŷ𿴼ٻŷǰǣһҸ΢Цš
һ̣ҶȸоޱȣĲǰǲϸٻ棬ٻ۸ĳаʦȵȳ
˾ôȥˡţҶߣӦÿһ㣬˵죬Ҳˣ
Ҷȱۺһ󣬸ſٻϢչֱۣ£֮мȼյ޾ŭ˫һƣ龻֣صȥ
ͻͻͻ
˲龻ֳˣ̾߸ѪϷѪ֮УȻתӶȥ
ٻһĻ칬ִ߾ɲǣһУƮ޵سڻ龻֮С
ʦ
ҶڲٻѪģƺ˶͸һ㣬ֲ̣ԺһֱٻǷߺ޵˫ͫжȥԹޡ
˻
˫һץ龻־ͲˣҶţתˮ꣬ȥ쿪˫۰§ڻûаοֻƵʵң칬ִߵʲôˣ
㲻Ҫʡ
֪꾹ȻţӱԿ칬ִ߻ĪֻŭȴǸŭԣһ˿ɵԹ
칬ִߣͺһ룬ʱҪࡣ
Ҷ˲§øиڲھ¡˻ߣһ˶ԳʹҶң칬ִߣ㲻ңҲȡΣ칬ִǺεȴڣҵĳˣݻɱٻľǴۣҲҪɱ
칬ִߡ
΢侲һЩֱ侲ҶȻ˲ۣŭɱɽ磬һϹɽ֮ɽػߣҲִߣȺ칬ִߡɽ磬ɵ۶ҵǣ֣˶Ϊ㲻
칬ִ칬ĳͽߣɽػԾӣԹݺɽ죬ɱǬٶϣֹɡκȻɹȴҪ˶ǾԳΨǴӣ칬ִ˵һû˸˵Ҫ˭˭û˸Ұӣ
ɽ磬һɣ֪ɽ̫ǿٱĴڣΪ칬ɳ칬ִһҹ֮𣬼ȮûһӽһĵӣӴҲ칬ִɽͨ
һΣ̫̫࣬칬ִ߲ѷǵɱ칬ѹܣĥǾɽҲ칬ִ߻ĪԳɽ֮ĺᣬĺᣬԼɽִߡþߣ
ɽκɡκμ塢κǿһأܵ칬ִߣ칬ִɽ죬ÿһɽ綼칬ÿһ칬ɽߴڣһɽž칬ڣ
ڸˣǴﵽɵֻۣдﵽе󣬲ܱѪһҪǣǣ
һߺ˵޲ð칬ִߴҡ
칬칬ִߡ
ҶɲǼ䣬סؼס֣ǣԺֿʼϸϸ˼⡢ҪαѪѪ
ΪʦҶȱҪȥġ
ֻһϯҶѴ칬ִߵʲôڣɽ죬ݺɽ죬þɽɽ֮ˡ
һг֣ҶȾͿԿóʵѴﵽϣһɽ磬޵еĴڣ칬֪жٸ֣Ц͵ȥ
칬ִÿɽ綼칬ҪҶΪӴ޷ɽ찲Ҫ칬ִߣһԶûй··
˵Ҷȣɽ̫šɽκδɡ칬ִ߼ɵַҪ̸ף㱨˳𣬴ӴҲҪ칬ִ׷ɱ
ʹ鿴գܣ㲻ܻһ죬Ϊ㱨ѩޣ
û˹顭
һûüӶʡӵаһ̣õʦף֤ҲֻӵһλҪȥŮӶѣ
Ц뿪ҲԼİŮһɢУȴһҸһûʲôԹģʣһԣʦģΪȥɡ˽ᣬϧûãһϣİŮӣһֱעǡ
ū
ҶȴһĨѿ߸Ѫִ֣ץģһūʹ֮зɳҶȾһ񷣬нԶ
ܡ
ҶȥӰһ̱գһǻŶôҵϣҶΪٻ𣬶ȴЩ

ããһɽǺ֮УһɺǷڴ
龻֣
ǷڣҶգޱ߶ӡǰֻ龻֣ͣתԼ죬ҶȲſ֮Уһѩããɽ磬ɽûһѩɽһѩɽһΰ׳۵Ĺ
칬ٻ뾸Ϣ֮У칬أ㲻ҵĲ׽
ɢȥ龻֣Ҷȴ߶̫¯õūУ̫һҶɱ졢˺ѷΣʹŭҪõūҪõūǿ״̬ɱ칬
ִߣҪһɽ칬ҪҶУֻһ칬ٻԣڲ
Ҫ˽칬
ԦɺǷɽȥҶȴӴ޽䣬ɽż֮Уʼģڣҵһϴ飬͸ȥҶɲǼ칬˽
ϵɽ֮ǰûм¼̫Ǹʱɽ籾һƬ磬Ϲǿߣһĸ죬ϻ˶仯ɽγɾ磬ɽȻҲӭһµ
칬žǵɽЩϹŴܣػߡִߡþߣӵɽһִȨµ硢ϵɽ綼칬ϽΧ޽֮أҲҪܵ칬Լ
Ȼ칬ȷӵвĹȥȻûп϶ȴҲûȥɣԶŴԴе칬ѹɽʵɽ죬칬ִ߶ȨѹˣΪɽ磬ʹҲɲս칬Ȩ
ɴ۾칬칬Щʷϳ칬ԽԽأԽԽû˸ҷȥǰЩۣûгֹ칬ȨĴڡ
֮칬ܳΪɽǿصĴڣҲһ˵
칬ĺᣬ칬ͨܣܵõףԸӳȵȴţȻǴţȴԽԽɽ칬Ŀ־塢ɽʱ칬ѾΪ˸ȥǵĴڡ
᣿
ߣһȺƭӣĺᣬ칬ԺǼʶʶ֮ᣬȿµģ
Ҷȿж칬ӼɵȴһҲ£еһЩˣΪڳһȥΪȥðǿˣ칬˾ްԣҶȼս
ǰ½磬ҶȾӵǿĶ֡졢桢̩ӡǧ䣬ҶһСðաΪߡ֮ЩǿĵˣһһҶУԴЩҶȳȥ֮⣬ҲûйҪȥսǿС
Ҷ˵ûսǹ¶ġ
칬ĳּ֣ҶսȥСաɱ¾մﵽƷ칬Ϊ


523 ɱ칬
ʱӻ龻֮УӦһ˿Ѳ⣬֪ڤڤ֮Уᷢҵϣû뵽
ɺǷ֮УҶȻڲĹ칬ִһϣһߴ߶̫¯ϰūУ˿̣ǷڲռҶ鼮ȻЩڡ
ӻ龻֮Уһ˿Ϣ֣ȴ޷ץסϾΪ̫ͣ޷ﵽ׽˵ĵزʱҶȾиӦ֪鷢
ҶȱΪɲ˳֣Ҫȥնɱ빫ӣ֮УԤϵΣһ·նǱңɹնɱ빫ӣչ˳˳˿ûκ֡
ȱ֮£Ҷȵ⣬˳֣ʲô֣ǼףӸҶ뻢ıƤҪҶȺԪжȡ
ȳɹūҶ£֪ⲻײҶ֮ˣҲҪˣٻ
ٻ֮ȻѲ⣬ҲϢϢأңҲ֮ǰҸӦףͰУҲܱٻ칬ִ߾
ȥնɱ빫ӣǴң

ûֻнֻҶڳӶ࣬Ҳ޷ı򣬴Ʒص׳һ̣ıˣı
ҶԼſı䷨ҳԴıֻأȥδϤˣʵֻһܳ˶ѣվǴ֮Уܵ編
ûûһУҶҲᾭȣѱ˱۵ħΪūǱȻ

Ȼ֮䣬ҶȽһľ磬ƺ΢΢ץסһ˿˵Ҫȫץס֮ʣȴͻȻˣҶץסԴ
칬
ҶȸܵϢ΢΢䣬ۿȥֻһѩ׵򣬲ǺӼз֮УԶԶظ߳һɽκʣѩ칬ڡ
칬Ȼռһܰһһɽ綥֮УԲǴɣֶΣ칬ߣҲһ
ʼ͸ȥɺǷӿٶȣϴܵ߼ɽѹƣҶͷŴɺǷʻ֮С
ѩɽ
̫¯ūϢʩչǧͼϢһԽգ۾ƯһӨѩɽǰ
ѩɽʥΡ룬񷣬ŷѾӴɽ磬˸й١
龻֣
ƺգҶ뵶ūһһ龻־Ժ֣ʼ׽칬ڲϢ
ȻûȻмɸ߽ǿߣһǴ߽׾ͷҪסūܣ칬칬ִߣ붼Ҫ֮ǰҪȥ칬֮УЩ׼񡢶칬֮ǵķ˷ųձҪ칬𣡡
ֹͣҶȴŵħķϢĿȻҷѩɽһɽ

˲Ϣ֮ʹԽȥϢ̤ɽҶǰͳһ¶Σպýڱ֮УΧûκ˰أǴ򿪵ģϡ˲ҽС
ԪͷŽΣҶȾͿĿĵĳ棬ǧ칬ִߣȫǴΪһ鵽ĽײȣٹʮˣɵɲȣɾȻһ֮УҶ𾪡
ããһɽ磬ײģǿռޱߣλ棬ӵɽ磬ССɽ粻ȣ֪ǰ֮еɷˣһɽǲ׺һڡ
⺮β򵥣ƺһϡɽӲʴɡգȻλʮ
Ҷ˼ܣûóȻ֣ƻΣŪǷӵаȻһͨۼ˶ΣȻڰзٶȺǳȥЩ˲칬ִߴͻᱻ
ƺۼˣһž޴򣬿칬ִ÷ṩηЩ칬úݵİǺöһӵУҾͿͻɣɾˣ
ԪȻ룬һֱһɾ޴򣬾ȻʮҲηԴһȡξͲơ
ūɱ
󣬸Һݺɱ¾һ
ҶͻȻϷŵū´ūʱȥȫһǧɵڲϲҶһ֣½ռҲͬһʱ䣬ŵūһͬȥ
䡭
Ȼ֮ǰھҲըҶȳκͬҽһΣзߺޣ칬йɣ
ಣ
˵꣬ҶȾ֪ʧ
££ҪзˣΣ
ҿ쵲סµĹԮ
ڲѾһţ칬ִ߻δ֪ôһ£ͼūɷɱǣһһΪ칬ִ䣬칬ִ߸޷赲ҵūһնɱ칬ִߣһƿһηų֪Ѻ꣬칬ķˡ
ǺЩһΣͲܣΧ칬ִ߿ʼѪɱ¾һˣͬ칬ִ߰Ƥڹȡ⣬Ѫʳ⣬ѹŭ÷˶ߣҪй޾ŭ
סƹضסӡֻҪӡڣǼƳҲ޷뿪Σ
̨ķǸ̾ߣһߣΪǴ׾ͷһɽ磬ѾΪ룬ָ칬ִߡ
û뵽ôһ׸֣򣬶˿ң֪ҪǻסӡȴԮ
һ޵˫ͫжһ칬۵칬ִˡ
ڽˣɱɱ칬ִߣȻݻ칬
ū˲ƽ⣬һ߳ȻʵĲ٣ϾǴɣΣգͳΪɥĲĶħû뵽ܣͬȳ泯ǧ칬ִΧ£ȥ
ū
һɢɱ¾ĵūȻһߣʧһȺ׷ɱ칬ִǰ
ҲҪңѾټƬ̣
ȫ򿪣һƻ˺ս칬ִɱǼֱͲŷͷֻбһΪȴ죬Ҫ칬ִɱⷬ칬ִ߶ʧȥ˷־
໡
䣡
ͻȻ̨֮ϣһʮλǿ˭뵶ūȻϷ֣趯˱ۣͬʱ˸ݺݵػڷϣһ칬ִͬߣūֲɳȥ
գ
ƽ⣬ڼ̨֮УҶһг֣˵ֱץ
Ҫ
ߣܷӦݺݶҶȣ޿κεؿҶȣ֮С
ʮ˵򣬾ôҶȡߡ
³һѪܻ㡭㡭Ӵɽ죬֮أ㽫ᱻ칬´ͨ޴ӣ

˼һĻзڴˣʧȥܣξȻʼ飬ʼڻǿʩչķӡһ̷׷飬¶ǾӨĴȻʮ˿ʼӳȥ
ˬˣջͻˣ´࣬칬ҲٻһԶ
Ϊ칬ûл𣡡
ҶȴմѪĵħ칬ִʬǡʬףʹĺܣǰЩˣͬȳΣɱ칬ѡǴ󲿷ֶһŻ칬֮ģɱ˹ȥ
ôɷ˰칬һҪģٻΪʦھȥնɱǸ㣡
ҶȴŵūطɳΣȥ칬ɳ򾪻ŷҵ칬ִߣһ׼ķˣŵû¡
Ｋط칬һֱ߸ϣȨƣķѹˡնɱˣγͽ䡢ĥˡ
Щĸﷸɱ˿񣬼칬ִԸֽڡչʾȨƣ޹ˣյĥƽٳ칬ݣֻ칬ǲŻữⲻݵ
ЩšĿˣ칬ִߣ֪ڡ
ɱ
˴칬ִ߶ʱ̱ӣ칬ִգ۾ͱ˴Χûѩɽ籩֮Уɡɿʼ䣬ѪȾӡʬǳ
㾹칬δӣ
ҶȸܵϢŵūһͳ칬ǰ


524 ߣɱ
վ칬ǰҶȶٱһ𺳣칬һ⿴ƹǹϴ˵еɴ˿ɿ칬ִ߹ȻΪ١
ǹͼڣնɱħٵأ컯йϼ롢졢ԼҶϤģ͸칬ִߵλ
ʱ칬ڿտյ칬ִ߶Ըˣڲĳռ䣬ȴмϢҶȺϤ
ٿ
̤칬ҶȷԼһռ䣬ǰһصȣÿһȶͨһ޴ռ䣬ÿһռڣиֹɽ硣
ɽ龰κοռ䶼Եһ硣
龻֣
վһ֮ǰòֹһһͻԹ֮УЩֻ칬ִ߲֪ҲԤ˴롣
߶龻֣Ҷ𽥸칬ڲռ䣬Ȼ칬ǰĻҪޱߣռأ󷨿ռ䣬𾪵ǣ칬һصķ
Ҳ˵Ҷ칬ִ޵иƿصķ֮Уһ߶ҶȾҪԶѹ
Һƿ칬ǿߣŨңɽ֮ϣϢɱ˾Ҳ޷һʱסΪٻձҪð𡭡
Ҷ龻̷֣һȣ˿ܵʱ䣬Ҫƿ칬ǿҪƷôҶȾͣҲҪ˵ء
ӣǧҪȥδ½磬˶ڣ
ѵǾñڴ˵ͷڹ겻ɣһȺϣҷͳͳҪһ
Ⱦͷһ֪ڶãݺᣬռһռ䣬ɼ˵λ칬ܸߡ
֮У¥󡢹֮Уһɸնɱٻ칬ִߣʱһŭԱִߣһλˣһλһߡ
Ȱ˵Ҫ뿪칬Ծ칬ִߣ޷ֶ裬ŭա
߹Ȱ˵ӣ칬ʷϣιȻԿ¼ֻϹʱУһɵʱû˸˹Ȼƣţʱ˿ɽѾˣ칬ɽ̤ƽҲҪзɱѹ˷
һȺϣԺԴЩˣҪһƤһȭڽɫ֮ϡ
ۡ
ǿ̸֮䣬һħӰѸ֮ƣһ˱趯Ͱߡͷ­ն¡
˭Ҵɱִߣ
Ӧ죬ͷ­δ£ʹӵǰ𾪿ŵūѪȡ̰ضëս
ʿ㡢㲻Ҫ칬һϵǧҪǵڤ֣ҲҪ
ȻһۿūݣҷŷԵҪͨ˽ǧٱ
ͻͻͻȻ߸Ѫɫ֣Դ˴ͷţھǰңһնɱٻҲֳ
ݣףȻϵһϣֲħͷ̽͵⡭Ǹᣡ
ڲ֪ᣬӣɱͽܣҾôһͽܣ
Ҷȱմ
ʱ䣬ȫ䣬û뵽Χһǿߣȷʵɱǰڰҿκ⳥칬καﶼУֻҪ㿪ڣʲôУ
ͣ
ͻȻūһʵ޿ƥУԵķŭھǧټ˵Ҷһ̣һ뾸ࡣ
㡭
û뵽ԷҪ֣ҪӵūǵūִΪܷģ˫ͫѪضſռҪΪ𰡣
𡭡
Ҷһָ֮߳ವץסͷ­㻹Ϊܸ룬
䣡
Ҷȣ˵ҶȰһɱ죬һ°Ѿͷ­ץ飬Ҫ֪Ǵǿߣͷ­ҪӲɼҶȴʱжŭɱ˾
ಡ
ûȾʬأҶȾʹŵūգ۲ˡ
˭Ҵ칬
뿪칬벽ҶȾ͸о쬵ģһǿߣʱ
ͻͻͻ
칬ǿ˻֮һ٣칬ɲǾͱϹ֣һɵۣ¶޷
ת̧ͷ׳칬һ£漰ʱҺṵ̂ҾҪѹ޵е칬ִնɱ
ˡ
˿̣ҶȱһɱƷ籩һתһüͷϷһǿֻ˷͹ҫһɽȻۼžʹӴ߳칬ִߡ
Щ칬ִߣһɽִ񣬾ٻȫ˻
ɱ
˴ɱ칬ִߣľ׷ܣ칬ִɷŹǣʼ׷ɱһ˲ǵ¡

Ҷһץʯͱһɻڻγһɫͷ沿һɳҶͷɳ¸޷ֻܸܵҶص⡣
䡭
ڱѩ籩ϯ֮ϣ˴칬ִɱýڽڰˣۿҪױɱ֮ʣūȻǧɵͻȻͷţವһʱ칬ִ䡣

ɱƵķˣֿνǵĵūѣֻȻ壬ܡ
ߣɱ
ū󷽣칬ִ뷸ע֮£ɫͷҶȣ߳񷣬һˣӰɣ
ˣǹҶȣǶˣǵγֹ
칬ִһ˲䶼ҶΪūһУɱˣ˵Ĳ֪赲칬ִ
Ҷת칬ִߴ˵Ҵб칬ˣҪ칬бԩѺķˣ
װŪ
ͻȻһ칬ִߣʩչռͨѸײڶ֮ƿһɱҶȡ

һǿȫһоɽ緢ŭػһɽӣҶͷŴǧͼܣ޷ǿߣΣ֮ʱūͻȻһڶԷ¡

޵и֣ǿǿཻ֣ײƣȻ޷赲֮ѩɽա
ķˡ칬ִ߶һƣվסţеɣε֮ϵҶȣһһѪ
ɶ񡭡ף
ʩչǧͼƣǿռ䶼飬ҶҲ޷ƶʱȻײû˸оһƬľ
뷣
Ϊɢľ޷ƣҶϢԷ뷲Ϣʱֳɽʼѹ
Ϣ
ԭĿⶼڴޱȵҶϣҶȱԴϢ޷ƣһжͷų֮ʣͼҶȳķݡ
Ҷ˫üһʵڲٴй¶ȥ̴߶ū
ͣ
ūܵҶ˱һӣͰѹϷ칬ִߣնˣһУɱ칬ִߣʱ֮ء
칬ִǵū֣Ǵǿ߶ҪһնɱοЩĽס׵ִߡ
ܣ칬ķҪ٣ٲ߾ˣҶڻָ֪תˡ
лߣ
ЩȻݻ칬칬һֽ٣һߣ԰Ҷ޸м֮⣬Ҳن£תͳããȥ
ŷߣҶ´֮ȥūһ
ӣݱܷâһʮʿһɽӦģߣ
Ҷһū˾ɱ˱趯˲ѪɺӡʬҰ
Щ칬ִԭš߸ϣ֣޷赲ūȫ칬ߡ
ã
һɱ¾ҶȰ龻֣Ӧ֮ϣ칬֮ŷһΰϢҪ٣üͷһ壬ʣµ칬ִ߳칬ȥٻصūʩչǧͼɲʧ
ǰѩãã磬ֻһЩɷ˻ӣЩΪķˣ뿪
뷡
칬ϿճһҫһΰͶӰ·˵Ϸͨ׷ɱӷ
ͶӰŷּ֪̣
ɽʥ칬ȴΪһƬ桢ʬ֮أ칬ִһĿģʣôˡ


525 ˣ1
嫵ɽǿգ췱ǵ㣬ڴʱһңԶǺӴһ֮С
ԾǺӣ֪Ź򡭡
Ҷ뵶ūվڲãϿգūһѪ滹ڵѪ˫ͫȻɱ
Ӧ칬ǿｵ٣ҶȾȫ߶ǧͼԼһֱɽ羡ͷҹԾ򣬶ɹ򣬷ŷ𵽴һƬû֮С
ҪҶȲ߶ȫߣһ칬ǿ߷˿Ӿ޷ӹ׷٣ߵɽᱻǿ׷ɱ
򣡡
ʩչ龻֣ҶѸӦݽߣûԪϢҲ˵˾֮أʩչӰ
סֲ̫ǵūס󲿷ҿ϶Ҫһ֮£Ҵͷƣˣ޷ֺֿοǴס
֮УõūһУָԪҶץһſŵӣ׸ūУūӣ˷ܲѣҪ֪ʿɽֵط޷մ
һ£θ֮Ǿ֡
칬ִǶǴĽϵΪ֮ЩˣҲ׼ޱȣҶǰһСվھǰԭҶȸ޷֮սϧӵеūȴҶվһĸ߶ȡ
Է֮Դɣɽ綦칬ִߡ
壬ɣ
һץղصʬ壬ʮȫƯգȫʬ塢ʬ壬аʬҲС
ҶȰٻҪ׼ɽ٣̤ˣɡ
ɱ칬ƻΣˣɱ˾𣬻гǧ칬ִߣҶ֪ӴԺɽδйͨȥ߾ɽ磬칬Ҳ׷ɱѰ
һǿУҶȱҪӿУΪӪӵǿʵ칬⣬ؼһ㣬칬ִֻɫͷӣûģȴֵūһм¼
ӴҪõūܶõūΪūһ˾֪칬ҪѰҵġ
ȻҲҶȴӴ˲̵ūֻаѵūӡûеūҶֻصԭأһɶ޷ķ˶ѡ
ֻһ·ǾǿУʵ˵Ⱦͻɾɾ֮壬ɽ֮
˼·㵶ūʹãūֲ޵дڣԸɻԣҪȥԸǾЩܣؼɽľͷǴۣһۣһָͷͿԻһū
ԣҶֻпԼȥͣ칬⣬칬֪ҶʵݣҶʱȥУṩʵ׳ԼɳΪˡ
̫¯
һ鷨̳֪һȥ÷̳Ҷȱ̫¯ʯʼ߶鷨̳ɽʼΪ׼
ҶΪɾŽףδﵽʮףҶ̫嫣жʮЩһͻɾ˰գңҶȻȡ칬γɵ
һˡһħһ̫¯һ鷨̳һƬ򣬾γΨһĴڡ
ʱ䲻ͣʧԭһƬůͣȻ֮䣬콵ѩܿͳΪѩ硣
ѩƺڼ깦һ˶֮󣬰ѩ绺ȥһʱůһƬдУس
ꡭͻʮ׵ʱˣ
鷨̳УͬʯһһֱֵҶȣ˫ۣʱΧƯȫ̫һ۶Կ֮˻״̬겻ɡ

һٻʼҶΧٻȼγɻ¯ƽ֮Ϊ᲻ɴݵĻ¯ҶС
̳Χʮ壬ʼƺƬѹһɿֲ־
ʮףƣ
֪˶ãҶͻȻۣδֻ˫һͻͻ⣬¡һֻͰѻ¯ݻ١
ſһѻ¯Ƭͳͳ븹Уӫһ˿˿޼˻˸Ҳëͷţ֨֨ͻƣʼ̳ڲϵһɱ䡣
ʮף۷״̬һΪһΪɣڷ֮䣬ˣֻа벽
׽磬ٷʮ״ԲһʮʿڷǶ޵оͷɽλľ졢ҷݺ޵еĴڣһпԻһ
ﵽɾ۷ܸܵɽĴڣշδеĸ߼ͻγɳԽϢϢᴥɽٷ򣬷һ٣ɴ٣һɹ٣ͿŶɽ֮ɽ硣
ͣ
һޣȥҶϢ֮УȻ˼ƽϢϢײҶܿͰƽϢ룬ɽգֳ𾪵ƽϢԽԽŨ򣬾աҲƽϢ
ҶϸϸӦ֮ʱ˵ط֣֮һռƽϢ֮䡣
ҶȿЦҡҡͷٻж಻˼飬ضǽٻҪֲʮֹ״ֻ̬˴ﵽŻְɡ
Һ׼ȡ칬򣬷γɴ٣治ԤϽ
ؽһֱ⡢ɵĿ־壬پط֮ҲǷ˿˵үүˣɲˡ
ԭҶȣ˺嫵٣ҲһЩӵ칬ƽٳɹûжΣ
ϢԽԽŨңҶڲɽҪǿɸɾƽ٣̤ɾ
ļȻ֮䣬˴ѩֳΪһƬ񷣬ȴǰɫһƬƷڣԽԽ͡

ֻ鷨̳Χʮ壬Ȼһʥ£Ϊһӣһʮ߿ڰգĿıʯ̺
ЩǱ龻ɣҶȥգҪںϣҶһӣͿ˲Ҫȥһˣûһ󹦷޷ģһܰȫա
ڻ龻֮£κˮʣΪӣа˽𵤡ѪԼôһӣǱɽɵҪ߼򱶣һ˵ľ
Ǵ˵ʥɵҲӣնɱɣǾǺδУ
ҶվԲ˲ѣıѩ磬͵һ𣬶ƹĺɫƺҲͣսҲȻ٣ȥһʱ䣬һҪڻ֮С
䣡
ս֮󣬻Ϊؽƣ񷣬ѹҶ޷ɽһ̱Ͼ
ҶپͣǴڳҲ
߳߳
֮УףԽԽ࣬ŽƷڣͷųܲ񷣬Ȼּ֮ٻ񷶼Ѫ죬ˣȻлŴ̹Ǻ
ԭѩϵĽطɣ
ĵ񷣬ҶȻȻ׹һ֮⣬ͬƹ֮ȫëսƽҪ壬ƻ
ҶȾһδδ٣⻹ǵһθо־Ҫƻ壬Ҷǿ󣬿ҪȥԸ
̫¯
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷͫһ߶鷨̳ؽ̫¯룬ҶȾͼ̫һȻؽգȻٶȺ޷ƣȫ
̫һȻǷΪ̫һˣͿתһҵ֮УͻӵϢ
Ҷһ뷨Ȼɹˣ̫һκ̫¯̫һɣؽҲһԵֻٶ̫ҶȾ̫͵ԭ򣬵ȴﵽɡɣͿֱ
ٲɽִߣǴɽĴܣµ
پͿγɣɾˣ
УҶڿԳɣˣӴԺ뷲ﵽľ硣
۰ɣ
ۿپҪɣҶҪʼ׼ɽ٣־һӰ򣬶ʱѹ鷨󲻶ɽǶʮ߿⣬£Ǻɫģôǹ
ҶȾǹ֮еס
ʱ˿̣ҶһѪȣٹҪƷΪݺˡ


526 ˣ2
ֻ֮дﵽˣſ̽ްء
䡭
ƺֲγһںסٻԼڣһٻûɵķսʿŤһֲ죬ת
ͻͻͻ
㼯һһ̫ž޳棬Ҷͻͻռκηˣٷ磬ĿֹҶȶɽٳɹ
һپͣǳɴ٣ɣ壬Ĺ
ҶȾȻʩչͨһ٣Ǹ߱һ鷨̳˲ɢȥҶȾԵһ١
䣡
ԴݿƣҶҶҪըӿǶҪݻ٣˰֮У֮ӿҶڣйҪҶȡ

ҶͻȻ죬ͫһ֮⣬ʱ˿Ȼʹ֣ȴһɴδйͷŸоһٰ̣ҶءԷ編ͳͳƣƼ
ٿٿٿ
̫֮һֱѹǧ򽣴Ҷڼ䣬һ̣Ҷз編򣬶һٳ׻ҶǿҲҪɣΪ
ҺҶͳԽˣﵽɵزԣԳƾ徹Ȼһ˶ûУ˸ŷһԶѡ
ٰҶЩδͨءѨϣͳͳͨҰѨϡѪ֮еķ編ͳͳӵѾû˿ϢԽԽ
ҵһϸһ磬ҵļΪҺ壬ҵѪҺΪ˽ɫ
һ̣仯Ҷ־ϲ
ȫƤӨ͸̺֮⣬ԿƤκμ⣬ⶼںŷжܣҲΪ͸ڼ֮ľһɫˮܣɫѪ
ھ֮еĽɫѪ֮УԿһԷ̺ھѪ֮УžѪͣһҲͨʣȥ̶ͬɣģģԿ֮У̫һܣ
һʱڷɽȥǴߵ磬磬絤룬ܿһգգڣ𵤡
תȻ޷͸ޱȣ΢΢¶ʮٵϢƺܿһŲ׳ɳ
֮ԴȪҶȵһ̣ڻĹӣڲͣɫȼգ֣֮ͨϣصľָ
ɣ
һָҶģڣҶȿٻָϸ۲죬Ժٴν񼣣Ҳǲ޿ܡ

Ȼһ籩̧ͷ񷣬ҶȾͼγɣʱȻӹ֮Уʼһ޴򣬻Ŀ꣬Ҷڵ
޼սն
һץоץһ޼ս޼˻ϢϢٻҪ
ݣ
׼һµĻҶһһӣһ׹⽣ʱ֮Уӻ뻮
¡
ȻסҶһ֣ըҶȸ˲ǣûʧը֮γҶҪնҲ޷ȫ𣬿Ϸ
ͣ
һƬƬٻĻ֮ϣײǻǽٻ߳һһ㣬ȼա
ˣ
ҶȲ֮䣬һ˿ٻȻƤ֣ƤȼѪ죬ðһ̣Ҷ̴߶̳һʱõˮ©ѽٻ档
ٻһ¾Ҫ֪ҵɣǷ˶ɽ٣ǽٻһ£ͻˣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȶ֮·иᣬ֮˺֮࣬жٵӣһɵ˶ûУ̫󣬵ʷϳ֮ˣж٣֪ľ̩һ˶ѡ
ܴɾﵽɾ۷壬ɶֶɹ٣٣һɣ̤ɽء
ƣ
һ޴׹ٶ̫죬Ҷȷ֮䣬Ϳ֮ϣһٻҶƤʹҪһ˾޴ڽϣһ¾Ͱѽ÷顣
ս޼սһһŻͱըΪһƬ𺣣һһըδʧγɻ𺣣ֱ֮ǲٻ֮УԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ㡣
ڶپ⣡
ӽ°ٴΣҶڰһƬ⣬޼ս˿ٻҪһܵٻ𹥻ѹƴ󲿷޼ս޼˻ɣӵеȻҪѹסɽ編
ѹƷ򣬾ʹҲѹơ
ЩٻҴӣ
콵ҶȾ͸о˽ʮϷٻţǾˣҶûʲôҪ߶ٻ𣬻Ҫģһһӷɳ
Ӿǵնɱ빫ӣû龻ƶɵһţҶһ룬빫һʮڱһʱ䣬ھͶһʮǿߺ
ݡ
˿̣γˡ
ֲƺڷڣҶȾͿ֮Уγµĺɫٷ磬γɽٷ籩ͣ

ٻԭȼգٷ籩Ȼͬħצ򣬶ҽٷ籩ͣײ硣
𣬽ٻõٷ籩ӳ֣øӿֲٷ籩Ҳߣɽ籩ѾɽܴջΪ
ߣҶȻ飬ٷ籩ȥҪǲƽ⣬Ҳֲסãٶһգˮʯ˭Ҳġ
˻ƣ
Ҷȿɲôȥٷ籩ĥһգ΢΢һƣ޼˻ͬӡᣬΪ˻ƣŽٷ籩棬һ

˻Ҷȿֲ߶£ֱӴ濹籩ͬƣط籩
ҶȲ֪ƣһƽһƣ빫ǿӣһ¾ˣҶһӣ㻹ʣ¶ʮӡ
ƣ
һӣ룬ȫ˻֮ϣһƣһ籩ȥ

ǿѽٷ籩ƿı˷ҶڷֻҪ籩ı䣬ͲõĽٻ
ŷ籩ı䷽ƺʹҶѻ٣ҶȻδüĵڽƺ֮γɡ
뷣
ƺϢڱ˸ʯ쳹񷣬ŷʱ
Ҳ׽ǰ٣ҾͿ޼˻ףףһٺս
δҶһһ޼˻׾Ȼͷųֱγɽ磬Ϸ
߳߳
ʱȷֲ
ɴеһɴײʮ֮һ
ĵ֣ҶȫϢ𵱳еײ̫Զʮ֮һȻҲʮҶȶɽǷ˴٣ҪǷ˴پôֲǷ绹˭ƽٳɡ
߳߳
ĵѸ֮ƹ޼˻γɵķ磬ûзֺӰ죬޼˻׿ʼʵʵͲףǱѱҰޡ
壡
ҶȵӸֱץһף壬״Ȼʹ࣬Ҷ۾գ£׿ʼȫѨϣһζϴ裬ʡ

ԾʵƿףҶȲκʹӲǧϴᣬϴ裬᲻ɱ䣬ʣ
ؼĪģ̺ķأܾܡ
˻˻
հ޼˻ףȻȫɢȥϢ֮Уĵپô׹ȥ
žડ
ٸչٽҶ̧ͷһȻٺ֮Уγʺĺˮ춼ǣɷɣ׳ͬӡ
ˮˣ˲׳ҵپǷͬ죡
ҶҡҡͷˮɵĽӣİϢͬڣҪǳԼϮǷͬСɡ
ˮԴ͸ʯƶɽԹ½ûһУ֮еˮҪҶôСķˣڻ¡


527 ˣ3
ꡭꡫ
ˮӿۣӽƺոٷɣγɲ׳ıڳÿһӿ춯أ˻
ˮٺǿҪˮֻԾʵݻ٣ˮײ̳һжҪ飡
ҶȻɣҲȥðգһˮݻ٣ôٻ綼Ҫϡ
޼˻ף
˻ƣ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ޼˻Ϊ˻ƣ˾˸׷ɳһˣԼ㸲µˮ͵һϡ
䣡
ˮ㼯һͻȻʧȥٿƣͬˮ޳˳ͣͬӾֱӺ¡
ƣ
һ̣ҶȻΪĿҫ˸ЩڰףҶʩչ˻ƣһؽˮץȥ
뷡
޼˻ԭɽӰƣ͸ˮֻҶһƵڽˮ֮ǰײ͸һֱƣһ죬Ȼٷ򶼺ݺһ
ˬ
ҶԷֻ֮һˣյסǰްˮҸ赲ȥˮɢȥҶǿʵ£ˮôǿ⡣
৵һ֣ҶһԾӾ֮У׼Ե١
ٿ
ȻƺǿƣȻʧһʥĻĻûκΣϢ෴˾
ˣǰ飬٣áĴ飬ʮ٣ɵ򣡡
Ҷ֮УȻƺƲ٣ķܽٻȼգԽԽʢ˿ûм󣬲Ҷ֮ʱ͸ʥ
ણ

֮УҶ麣ֻֻһЩOO@@ĽŲ֪Ҷ֮оһƬ޵ĳ
٣ʵǶǡĿ飬ֻгɹĥǣм㲻ݵ
Ҷ֪麣ϵǰ磬塢ѪȻĹƻʶ˽ٷ֮С
žžž
֪˶ãҶȸоЩľȻԱϤİƣѭȥϳЦݡ
ɳӣⲻǵң𣿡
ǰҶϤϤĳǳƳɳӣӦû峿һ߰кһ壬ĴѷСӣÿһĴ򣬶ףкδֹͣһֱ
үү
Ӱߴ߳ϡڰ߰߳£ԭѵϡ֮ҶԶܽϷޣҶԶӣɺչ˫ۣСк壬Щ˽ҶԶ
⡭ѵҵĺӣ
ܰһĻҶסˣ
ȶ֪ලУ⺢ӲôСô򹦣
ȻҶȸоֱ۱ץסۣԭʼĸܽ߹ȥ

СкҶȣվñֱҶ־־塣
ҶԶ߹ɭɭҶ˵ɲСʱȥҪ㿴Ű꣬ѾﵽʮأϾҪͻƵɣСʱҪɫĶ࣬㻹ôϸҪ
ҶСкĺܣҶҺжӦöأ԰ɣ
ܽͻȻɫȶȥӣΪ㻳ϵڶӣڼԼˣʲô
ǣǣҶȻȻ򣬹ֲе㲻

ʱһСŮ澣һλŮӣҶСŲ
ڤСĵ㣡
ҶȼŮӣʱӭȥŮϽӹŮӣΪŮӲúˮ޺ǻڤΪ򲻶ԣǻؼҰɣ
õķŮӾڤͻݣׯ󷽣С΢΢¡𣬿ǸС
ؼҡСкǣҶԶ֣ܽ߸˳Ҷȷȥһ˿ġԲԲ
ڤڤ
ۿһ˾ҪʧڴСҶͻȻһһˣһʧƺҲˡ
ⲻʵģڤΪʲôǱʶĿĸ򣬻״̬ҶΪƽһӻţڤΪǱʶͻҵԺѵˣ
һлû磬ʧҶţлƽڤ֣ҶȻԴӻ߳
ٿ飬ǿֱֲҪǱʶõĶһУͻᱻ𣡡
Ҷҡҡͷ١⣬֪١Ǻֳ
񡭡ʦΪٻٻںڰ޷ҵҵӣ
֮ʱҶȺȻٻҶȻΪ޵ģϸϸһȴʵġ
Ҷ֪ǻþٻΪʦΪ㱨𣬰ϢɣϢɣ
Һþòǵ𣿡
Ȼһ֣Ҷֱ֮ϣһϸ˿޵ݶ
ǣ
Ҷ̧ͷһǰֵľȻһ׷ŮӣͷźڰϢò֮ʣҶȾվ¶ѵЦݣˣԭˣ
׷ŮˣŷӺڰһǧ֮⣬ɫĮȻĵڱˣɱ˾ʤĥҵܵʹ࣬лл㣡
ʦ㿴𣿡
ʱӺڰ߳һӰǾ޴롢ٻһҶȣץסҶ˫֣ʵ
ûҶ˵ֵҶȣףҲú㣬֮·Ԥϣҵˣϣ㲻ҪκγޣԹޣҿǰ˺żһȥңİģ
ڵ¹ǣܾʹ࣬ԣҲٻκźҶڵ¹ǷһĻкڲѣԸԼȥҲԸΪھʤϡ
ĺڣֲҶܵлл㣬ȥΪͽһ°ɣܸȴԻһУ
˵һ仰˱ƮԶ
ʦٻˣ̫ۣ̫࣬˼̫ʹ࣬ĺҸٻһһУŻѣŻõԼҪģʦҪʲôҲǰ棬ߣ
ٻת޾ͳһɫ硣

ںɫһ̣ٻͻȻѪѪŴ̵һȥ˻𣺡ҪɲѪ壬ʹ࣬ʦȾңҪȥȴֲ֮࣡
ҪˣѪȷ̫ʹ࣡ҶֹٻԺͳֵѪĳо̫Ϊܹ
ٻָǺɫ磺ʦܷŵһУٻȥһʦ㱳̫࣬ٻԸôʹĻţ
ڤãʦȥ񣡡
ҶԺֳڤӰӣоڤУغأһֱٻٻ£ɫ硣
ʦл㣬㣬ٻǸԸսҲҪһӱƲʦٻĿ꣡
ͻȻɫֻһ֮ңľʱҶԺһģĻ档
Ҷȣ·ɣ˺ȻںڰһˣҶһֻ֣Ҷ΢Ц
ʦҵĿꡭ
ڵ㡭
ٻŷĳѪڵعǰӯһȻOO@@Ҷóڤ
ʦȥɣٻҲҶ֡
ٻʦûкΪͽΪ֮Ϊʦ֮һ̣ҲЦŵģ԰ɣ˵ӺӦʦ
ˣ㲻ħģң֪һֱںңģһữĳޣ㲻ħģ
ɶٰһƣȻɻҪңɣһжǻûûֻл󣬻еܣһɻ󶼻ữ⣡
ƣ
ҶͻȻۣһ̫˫ͫٻźɫһͻͻʧ顣
˽ٻ֮ڤµ˵Ჽ磡
ھŵ٣𡯣ʲôģ
һɹ٣ҶнŷȻʣԪ֪ǿٱ
Ҷ֪Ϊζٷʿɴ֮£ضĿ飬ٿֲѣۣûԪ
ʵˣ޷ȹٵġ


528 
áش٣ֻʣһ٣
糣أý٣ڻýƿ£޷
ӻý֮߳вƽϢǻýܣˣֻڤ
ڤҶУڤʼ޷ǣֲԸȥָоܸӣҶڶҵͣҲ٣ǽɵ·֮УһͻƵϰ
Ȼģ޵ģֻҪᶨ־һ·ȥκνһһơ
쪣
֮УȻһ֮Уһɹ֣һԪϢЩϢʼȼգȻΪһ޵Ļ棬ûκ¶ȣûκϢŷû˺
ǣҶȴһࡣ
֮𣡣
Ҷȿһȼյ޻棬ԪڲԽŷ֮ʮֿ־塣
Ҷ֮֮УԽٻҪֲʮĴڣΪԪ棬ֻдﵽӽΪԪ棬֮𣬾Ԫһ֡
κԪһ꣬ԪͻữΪ
ҵԪ֮᲻ɴݣ֮𣬵ھ٣ɣ
Ҷ˫һգ߶ԪʱպԪ̫һγһԪҶȡ
ԪҶγ֮ƯԪ󣬱ܵķ֮ŷʵʣȼſԷٻκδڵϢ
ಣ
ɲ֮䣬֮ٷ߶˷ԪҶȺХԽԽʢ
ƣ
ԪҶվԪϿգһץԪγһһƬķ֮һӣǿԪȥ
꣡
Ԫ֮ײһͬһըԪգҶһӣԪʼȼԪ񾫻Ҷ꣬һԪ
ӣ
Ҷȱһ˲ӣ֮Уֻʣ¼ţһ£һſҲҶգתΪ
ɶ֮ԶԸֻԪ֮ȥ⣬Ҫǿ֮𳹵ѹȥ
֮У߶ԪԪͬ˳ȥҪ֮𣬿֮һ֮ԭƣʣһǣͻᱬܻ棬֮ι£ûмԽԽ𺳡
ʱ˿̣ҶҲܵ޴вҪǲ֮𳹵׻ȥ֮ƾ͸ͣѹҶԪ񣬾ͻһ°ɡ
ӣɣ
һΪɽ׼ʱҶ֮Уκء
Ϩɣ
ɢһ̣ҶγһߣԪҶȸ߾˫ۣ߶ֲ߶ԪԪҶȽͬһգԪ֮չҫ֮

ǿƣ֮𸲸ǣҶҲԷᣬ߶Ҷĳˣ֮ԭ֮ƣʼա
򣡣
Բٸ֮ᣬһ
ڵ֮УһһɶӡţҶһӡͷˣԿȴɵʼӿԪİơ
𣡡
ͬһСˣۼԪһ磬ͬɫٲԪٿһ³֮

֮ڱ˲ϯûҶǿ֮¡

Ԫ뱾ͬʱ˿ŵҲָƽԪ󽥽ָƽήҲ񣬻ϢĲ٣Կ֮𣬵ȷ̫ھŵ𡱽ٵĵȷȷҶֲ֪֮
ŵƽ٣䲻춯أȴǾģüȴ֮ض
ͻͻ
ʱؽɢȥӽƺ֮Уͷһɵ֮⣬ҫɳһɵķּ
ʮ٣ɵ򣬾ɽ編һ֮оͻӵɵΪˣ
ҶȿŴӽƷɳʥּ̻֣ͬӰʧҶȶƮգͷůʥ⣬Ҷȡ
֨֨
ּǿʢʥ⣬Ҷһ̣Ҷڲɽ編򣬼˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѩϡϸ֮бɽ編ɣӶɽ編ʼ͸ÿһ
ʱҶȾͬһӨ͸ˣּͷʥ⣬ּҲʧΪʥ⣬Ҷȣʥ֮аصɽ編ЩϢҶͷţҶȴﵽ⼸͸
ٿٿ
Ľ𵤣ʥ⣬ӿ֮⣬ʥɣ𵤲ʥ⣬ŷһƬ񷡢һƬǺӡ
ɽٸ߼ӵɽ編򣬱ﵽɽͬԴĵزǰڷֳͨ衢йϢֳˣ
ʥ⽥ɢҶһ̸о߿ԿǺӣԸκһϢһЩϢͻữΪ桢ΪףؼҶҲоɽ޾ѹȣΪ˿Ѿһˡ
ˣʹõɽɣΪɽһԴȻͲܵɽ編ѹȣ統ڷ磬ݺƸ
ӴˣɽѹȣɽﶼȥãǴɣӴԺǴҲ޷Ҷв
ˣȻûˣ˳ɣɾ壬ѾǺܲף
ƹʧ׺ȥҲѸͣܿͲˣҶȾ͸ڻϢͣʧԽԽŨҡ
򣡡
һֳˣȻǰҶٴһȻǧһ᲻󣬽ҶȰ̫¯ʥǹȵͨһһ졢ݻﵽɼ״̬
ŽһףΪĺܣҺʣһһָ״̬ƺܴﵽһױ״̬
һҶȾͿʼǷ˰ٱǿ飬ٵÿ֪Ҫɶܴﵽ״̬
칬ʮɣȻԸһ룬ʣҲף֮Ҷȹƴﵽ״̬Ӧò⣬岻ȷ壬һӣͿгԽ壬ʮӣҲδҶȴﵽ״̬
ҶʵǳԽ̫ͨ౶һ˾һҶȾǺ󣬶񷣬֪ҪԽһ˶ܴﵽ״̬
Ǻǣ⣬ԭڷ˾ʱӦôﵽޣѳԽɾ壬ȷʱֲԽһǧ󲻶УṩΪ᲻ӣ
ҶǸΣٶȣҲܰշᲢۣڷ磬һڼ깦ܿԽڣɵɣûмǧ꣬ǲܵġ
ζţɵбȷǧ򱶣Ҷ˳ףҪ˲˼Ȼбͨ˸ϼѣһ޵ԣã˵Ǻϣ
ǿʵǿȻ޷ļѡ
ಣ
նۼ֮УӿҶһɽһںҶȽ״̬
칬ִһһɽķͨңʱңҲƻغϡ
֮ʣҶȿʼô죺칬̫ǿ󣬾ҳΪˣҲֻնɱͽɣɵͽɸ߽ӵвͨɶ޷⣬ɸ߽׶սʤ칬Ǵɣɵۣʱ濹⣡
ǲܻȥˣøҴ֣֮һʱɱо죬ҵǿԴŵūõūȥɱо죬ǵū¶һ칬׷٣Һͳƶ鷳
ֻȥɽ磬ǱУ̤ɽ磬ȵӵгΪɽʵʱ򣬲칬⣡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȸоɽ֮·̫Ʈ죬칬һ޵дڣͬʱҪࡣ
Ҫȥɽ磬ҲóóȻȥµýֻѡͬȥԶɽϤڳƣֻܸԺڸɽټ棡
˼ǰҶ˿̸ꡢħ𴫵
սҲôöȡõҲҪȥܲһֱóƸң
˵Ĳսףɽһͷϣʱڸɽ磬Ȼ񴦾
ҪṩʵѰҴǧͼһƬһҵܵõǧͼǾɵ۶޷κңɽԱ֮
¶ģҶһͳ֮⣬ɺǷȥ


529 ͨ
ں޽ɽǺӾ·֮ɽ磬ͬǶǺɺǷϷһɽ񷡣
ҶǷ֮УһֱǱޣһȴ꣬ڴھһл£кܴӰ죬ٻ֮ҲǲСҶҲżﶼС
Ϊ˽ҶȰѵūӡ֮Уõū˷֣ΪҶϣ֮Уһɽ綼ը˹ʱҶ˵Σղġ
ˣ
ǺӴʮ꣬ҶȺȻӦһϢԽԽһȥӦڼǺӣԦɺǷⷽʻ
ҶȺȻһ̾һ㣬ɽʮ꣬Ϸ缸ʮУ̤֮ڣ꣬ӷ̤ɵҶԼҲһꡣ
ԭһѷʥҷɢ˵ȵȴɽ磬ǽɽ˭뵽칬¡
֮䣬Ҷȵһͷһӿ
ԭɽ罨̫λֽλȻһһɽ̫ҵ۹һƻͼôҶѪȣϧһлΪͷѣ޷ʵʡ
ಣ
ҶȺȻǺӣϢɺǷʧģǰһұʮɺǷҶ˲С
λˣ
Ƿ֮УƯյ꣬棬ӭҶȡ
ҶӦԷϢʮҿСϢҲﵽĽ۷壬䣬ӵã
䣬һƷȻʮƷΪʵʱʮƷҪ󣬾ʮʮƷҲύ
һֱºشҶȣͷţҡҡͷ䣬治еū治ţ㾹ɱ칬ηˣɱ칬ִߡ
Ҷɣ֮ɫûеūҲ޷ΪٻɱٻǸѱժͷ­ɱٻԸɣ
ٻʦⱲҲû׻
Ĵ겻ԸȥЩĵĻ棬ת֪һɽСС塢ɡ۹´ͨͨɽĴڣҪɽ緭ҵ㣡
ҶһƳץңܣԼ¶ţ֪ЩӳȥķˣǷˣ
ʲôӣΪӣǹ칬һ̣֮оͲ֪칬ֲִ²ƾӵɽ磬Ҳһ죬칬ִץȥ
㿴ǰҴ칬ִߣ´ͨ˵һץһϽƤ︡Ҷǰ
ҶƤӡԼͷɫͷģԱǵūдģҶһϣͨ·ݣҶȤ
ܵͨ칬һֱҪ׷ҪãպóΪ칬Ҫͨĵʮͨߣ
ͨʮλһ
ҶȼԼ͵ĽһȻֵһǿҪ˭ץס׸칬ͻӵгΪջۣӵΪΪλͽп׵Ļᡣ
˼飬ⲻɽ֮ۡҪǧټץסҶ𣿸Ҷ޴ӡ
ɾ̫ѣ̫ɣһɾǶ˵룬ǴɣҪץҶȣֱӳΪһ
֪칬ִ߲˰ɣΣɽҪͽǣڿֵǮˣһ˷֣Ҫ׷ɱ㣬δĸɾĻᣡ
ҶȰͰ˵֪ڴʲô뷨
ĸɶءɽκһô޴ջ󣬱ɽ켸֣Ҫһ̫Ʈ죬칬ͨһԸ;
ͷͨߡ˼飬ͶȾȻһ۵λټһ۾Žߵλ
칬ͨҶ޺棬ǿһͨߣʱҶԸӡ
Ȼֵһ۵λһ۾Žߵλ
ۣɽǿߵĴڣۼɽϣɽǴ۵磬һɽһ£޵ףһּ´ɽκɽҪΨǴӡ
һ칬ͨȻֵһۣӼһ𳬼۵ľŽ׵λֻò˼ݡ
ҲһãȻͫͷ𺳣⡮ܱ칬´˴ͣһɽ֮ϣǿĴڣǳ۰ĴڣȵͼɽܼٿЩͨߣĸǾ֪Ϊɽ˶칬ִ߼ɵְɣ
Ҷ֪ܲ칬֮
۽ۣô۽ŽߵλɾͳۣǺεʵεȵֶͨΣҪ۽ۣ̫˼飬¾ǳħҲĪ
ȴۣҶֻһɣһֻʵϣ˵ۣһɣҶҲöԸҴɻʮףһ߽״ɣӵһͨͿԾҶɥ
Ҷȴʱ˿̲˽칬ΪʲôܳΪɽصĴڣΪ˶칬ִ߼ɵ֡
ҪõǧͼʣĲ֣һӵдǧͼô۶޷˺һ칬ִ߷֣л·
ԭ֮ǰҶȻδоΣһ̣嶼ȻһǿУѳԽҶ޷ĵزгһսۡ
һ¶Ҷȵ˿˿ģ޷ֻ˷ͨµģֱӴɽ֮һ´Ȼֻһɽ磬ȴȻ칬Σɱǧ칬ִߣ칬ܾûзĴ¼ͨߣûһֶңֱɱ칬ŵõ칬رչˣ칬ͨĸΪߣȴڵʮȻ칬Ҫɽ죬ҷ칬ˣ˭ˡ
۾磬޷칬⣬С㣬ֻɽ磬ܽɽһԺݱ¶鵽ϣǺǲ󣬶ִ֮ǰйһΣ
֪ԣҶȿɲ뵱֮ٴηҪΪһӣҶȶԭԼ
ĬãóìܣҶҪʱȴ޷֣ʮôģ
Ҷ᲻֪飬ȻԹ֣ԭɽ̤ɽ磬ѰҴţΪһöǴŵһŽָܽš
ţǿǱɽ̫ڶҪǿ̫ɽɣɽ죬ɽֻһɶѣ񴦾ǴҲ޷ȫ㣬Ҫһǿ
һꡢȻ
ҲΪ·ҶȲãȻоɽӺˣ֮ȴԼ֮ء
Ŷˣ
˸ԳĬã̬ʵأݲһ˿Ĵ⣬Ȼ۾һɽһرǿֶ졯
Ҷһֶ죡
ֶ촫Ǹɽ۽ɣ֮ɽ磬ΪҲһ£ֶһǿߣɱ칬ִߣִȴûΪֶ죬²֮ºֶһȻ칬ͳͷֶ죡
ֶÿһṫյӣɽ϶ͽص㣬ǡٹʮ͵ֶͽ֮ʱ㲻ȥһ£˵ֶͽܿ࣬Ҳ츳ûоʵûֶεˣǲῴϵģͨҲϣһЩɣ
㱾£һᱻֶ쿴УһΪֶˣݱ¶ֶ춼վߣȻ¶ãҲԽֶúУһصϸɽ磬޵ϴۣʱ濹칬Ҳ٣
͸޹ģ渵
ҶŵģɾҪͶɣȷףֶ첻ؾ磬ֻʣĿǰֻһѡ񣡡
ҪӶɽ̤ɽѣ෽ʽֻҪﵽɽ磬һΪֶӣͿԷ
Ǻãˣһ»Ҫ鷳㣡
˵
½ԺܶǷɽ磬ҶչˣֶվȽŸ취ǣ
û⣬ھ̤ɽרµϽͨ
˿ɺǷһɽ羡ͷһƬ޵㣬̺˻ʣκϢûУ޽֮أ˽УҲԳ
ٿ
һһעУͻһֻѤ񣬳֮ͻȻ


530 Сͷ
ٿ
ɽ񷣬ŷѰʲô
ʮ֮һ񷽵֮Ư񣬺ٻꡣ
ɽܴ󣬲½κʱգͷͻӦɽڶɽܴ͵أߣ
һգŷʲôץģҶȽ⣬ȻͲɽǺѹȣֱӴȥٶȿø޷巢˺¡

ɽ磬һɽ֮ϡ
һյĺˮ˷һɽʥγһ
ʱһ֮ӰŹâС
ɽ졭
Ҷ꣡
ҶȱΪɽһɽӦòɣǣԼشﵽɽȾͲͬմﵽɽʱޱߵǺӣһо߼ʵɽ硣
ɽ֮У֮һʶƯɽӡһųչ¶ɽ޴ޱ֮ҶȲ죬оɽ񷣬ʵ̫ߣ̫ãûоͷҲ˵Ҫɵɽ֮⣬ǳ롣
ǻͬɽҲʮֲöɽ֮һʶƯţΪЩʶɽ£ϽɽͬԴͻһһأա
ͣ
Ҷȸоһ첻ԣԴһץֱĦŷ֮УҶȾˣһɽ磬ѹҲ˱̬
ɽ죬Ȼһ֪ɣɽһɽطӿֲһɽ磬һĽ׸֣ݺᣬɽ磬ҲҪܴܵѹƣɾˣɽ棬ֻͬһһУɶܴܵԼ
ҶߣҶȻɽѹƣɵúܣ⻹ֻǶɽ磬ɽ磬ֱȶɽӿֲǴǿߣҲǴ裬̤ɽ磬粽Уѹȶ
˵Ҫɽ硢ɽ磬ɽ·У
ɽĳҶ𺳡
껹ǵһμҶֱ飬ɶһЦЦͨȻԽɽɽ磬ܵķڵǰٱΪһɽôɽˣ޷̤ɽ˰ɣûдɾ磬ڶɽϰĴڣ̤ɽ磬ɽҿΪһǣ
⡭
һҶȸ𾪣ԸɽӺ棬ûϵɽ֮֮Ҫ̤ɽ磬ǿȫһطɵһ㻺ﶼţһ˶ţ޷һܡ
Уɽǳ֮󣬲һɽ磬ֶɽ磬ɽǻʲϽ٣һһ޴½ڵƬɽ½һɽһҪԡɽܴ󣬺ܴ󡭡
ƺһɽ龰д˻óһɫƤͼҶȣɽƬɽңԶһطǶɽͼ꣬úܵģȱʲô˵
µͼϸϸҶȷɫƤ֪ʲôϣȻӵвϢ˵ƤԶḯãɽʡ
Ǿڴ˷ֱɣϵ
ҶŵͼȭǱһ˹سɽȥٶͬͣգ۾ǧɽӡ
ǾͶౣأ
һ˿ᣬ껹ǹϵһɲʧɽ֮С

յͼ꣬⸽Ӧһɳǡǡ
ĻɽգһֻԽյĳɽ룬ϣһˣüͷߣɣŵͼʻһ̧ͷһֳ̣Ҷƣա
ɽ̫󣬶ҶɽһһҪ̫ҶڲãɽԶɹʮ꣬ȴûмһˣһǳأһ䣬ֻãã޼ʵմء
ʮ꣬ṳ̂ɽ֮ǰҶ˵Ǹ֣̤ɽ磬һˣŷϵ沨ǰУʮйȥ
ʱҶĿڵͼϣָһƴСϣСɳǡĸ˸
ף
ͻȻһɹԪ񲨶Ҷȼ̿ǰ˲䱻׳۾ˣ֮ϣһɳƯھ֮ϣһƬƬ֣ǳ˸⣬ŷɫʽɡ
ɳǣ
ԽҶȾͼͼڲͣ˸⣬ǰǳأҶɽ磬һ˵ĵط
ɳǣ
ǷλûλҪ¼
ҶȴӾ񱳺ɳ콵ɳǸճ֮ʣһ˾ͳˣ֪ʲôطһɣΪһ׵£ҶϢƺЩ˾ѷ֡
λҶȻ֪Ҳ͵ڷһЩƣ˼࣬ɳǱеȵǼǣǳƿأҶ˸Ŀĵ棬ץһ³ε
ٿ
س߸û˵ƺ˾ռߣץסҶעһ֮УԼ֮ʧس߻򿪳ţôҶȽȥɳǣ½绹Ҫɷá
ЩôؤƲū
ԭɳǣҶΪ˳ǳ֡棬֪Ӱϡ裬Ǵ߲ʱһˣǱţҲû˹ǣӴϣԿóЩ˶׾ݣǲԶһǺ¥ȥһЩлӡ
ɸ߽׵ɣһɶ˽лӡ
һСӻˣһҽϴ¥æ߳ҶЦ룺͹٣ϢϢ
ҶҪȥ֪ΧЩˣ͸һ˿ΣҶֹйթ
ǡǣʵڹ֣̫һˮҪʯڵ꣬Ǻڵ꣡ǡôӾ¥һŭ

һɾͱ˳ŴӾ¥߳һСȻɾһҶֵں棬һɾȻһΪС򣬷ֶһ£ұԹһ¡
һĻҶȲŻȻ򣺡ԭǼҺڵ꣬ɳûһλǴɣҲҪЩС䣬ɱ
ǰɣҲʲôطûǮ͹ԺһδһΣ
һСô֮߱󣬾ﳤȥִɣͷףزˡ
ˣҲǸæһСҶȶȥҲδʼѰһ
Ҳԣ
߹֣֣һҾ¥ҶȾѡ¥롣
ҶȽ¥һɨΧ⵹ǲҶȾѡһλ£С͹Ҫʲô
ҶȵģԵģ
û⣬͹صһǲΪѰǼҡԼҶųƹӵм͹⣬Գۣλѵã
ϳԵģ
ҶȼСڣ֪Ǽ鼴СȥɳǴΣأҪһСģп˼µС
Сֵܣ飬ɷ񣿡
ڵȴ֮ʱӽ¥һҡҡλһСͷŷδȹǾƺ«ƶͷˣһƨҶȶ棬󷽷
Ҷȴøߴˣһ¾鷳ˣǵû£ֻһƨɣҲʣ
Ҳոӣ֪ҶһǼˣӵʡ
СͷݺݶԴú«ãźȵ𡢱𼱣Сֵܴ󷽣һھƳԣһ£
Ҷȼⳡ棬Ͳ³Ⱥ˴ûʲô׳־ҲһЩռС˵ģ֣û£û£ǰҶ沨֮ˣܾһҲԵ֣УƮ죬ÿ
ͷλС綼⣬㼱
лС磬лС磡
ѬѬˣҶ˴ƣǸм
СٶЩƲˣֻһٷǮǧˮſڣҶֻðСٻҪһЩƲˡ
ܿƲ˾ˣССͷʹֱ׵ӣȴֲҿߣֻưڶȥ
ҲˬԺΨСͷԲˣһֱƷƣǴںȣƷλ
Եһ룬Աֱſ¾˯ˣСͷȴȣҶЦСֵܣһǳɳǣСֵһΪصĺܣһĸҵ꿡ܣɳǣҪСģҪЩƭˣղǾƱС˵ʲôǼҡԼңǶЩӻۻҲò٣
ҶȿóСͷǸһеȻǵͽ״ɣǻǱǿ̫࣬ȭȷʵһγ߶һڿݾǺգǰɳ˽ĺܣָܷһ
СͷʣȴܾЦҿСѲΪΪʵΪĿģͷиȥɳһӮңӮһʥŮҪɽһ޴۹ΪΪ˳ʥŮΪӮҪȡһ鱦ΪʥŮһ߲ǼݣϽ۹ӭʥŮ֮ʣҲԡӮҵļ£ҪΪʥŮøߵλ
鱦򵥰ɣ
Ȼǡ񡯵߲ʷڣɽһּΪټޣӮļ֣ȥȡ߲ʷڣ
СͷΪ˵


531 ˾֮
񣡡
ҶԺһֻ̫ӵзʥڣޣڹż֮Ͽ
ɽӵĹޣޡħޡѪ޵ȵȣȻǿ壬һ࣬޷ɽĺᡣ
ˣһ壬֪Ϊβ½磡
Ҷҡҡͷ壬г̾ȷǿ󣬶ǿ񼸺Ǵɼʵдۼֲڡ
Ҫõ߲ʷڣҪѹȻȡڣСֵܣģȥһԣҪǳɹɹۣӮϹϵɽ㣬ĪˣͷԱ㣬ҵط˯ˣ
СͷλվҲҶȴǱ𣬾뿪˾¥
Ӯҡ
˼һҶȵСͷǳѰ߲ʷ֮ÿ϶ΣأûᣬܻóͣҪΪֻҪӮΪܣҶȾͿɷʩչֶȥС
óʯҶȾͰװ׸Сʣû뵽ȶپƳԶٷ˾ˣֲɳǶô޴ȥ¶ˡ
뿪¥Ҷȱ̸Ӯҡ
ɳǺܴ󣬶˶ǲУټշУɳʵǳУһˣǳԺֻ֣ǳչУɳɽһ֮ء
ɽһͨɳǾ˺嫣֪ʲôӣɽ̫ڱ֮УɳǲǴһǰ㣡
˰죬ҶȾͿҵӮң칦ɳҲ˴˽⣬ԺһɽͼɳֻһɳиҶȺʶһϧɳ̫ңԶϷУ㼸ʮܴﵽ
ڸɽ磬磬ֻϧڶɽ磬̫̫٣ɽҲٵÿ
Ӯ
ɳҶȲŰָ·һͬʹ׳۸ۡұǰʨ塣
ӮʮɿȫʽɣŴ󿪣׵ʿͥͷͻʨڵϣ˫Ѫ춢ķҶȵʱϢ١
һʿŻʨϢͷţע⵽ҶȣûҶȿһ֮ڣֹӮ˽ֹڣ
ҶȲǰ΢΢׵Źļʿ²ţһԣ
ָ㣬ϵȷټʿ֪Ϣ˲࣬ãպøʮλʿһɣ
ʿȻ˵Ҷȹϻ֡
лҶ߹ȥ
Ӯطɳǿɲ⣬Ӯɳ֮ϵҪڸ»£ӮɱȨ
ʿҶȽӮ¥̨ȣ෴Ӯڲȴû̫緲繬㽨һɹϡأ˸о豹棬̺ܽ˸ۡ
ʿҶ߹һȣҶԪǿ󣬶޷ס·ߣʿ򴦴ҶȵӮڲһУ㶼֪ͨˣһ񣬵õӮ˿أϣΪӮЧԺɳ˭Ҳ㣬һȣ
ֵܣлչˣһ⣡
תʱҶóһƷ͸ʿ
ӮʿԺӣҪ뿪ԺѣչˣҿֵϢԲ׽һͨˣʱΪӮһӣҪֵܴգߣ
ʿˣҶȼȶȥ
վסμӿ˵𣿡
߹հһ¹ԷʮĽϸػͷߣһΪﵽ׵ĳǿߣʿҶ߹ֺȵ
̴ˣμӿ˵ģ¸ǣʿǿ޼ɵתͷȥ
ɣ
ǿ߲ûжԣֱӻ֣סŵ֣Ҷÿһ̴·ҶȼԷһ¶Ϸʮʿվڼλ̵ĸǰ
ʾҶʮվһȻ̨ͤԼλ֮УһλѮ߹ʩүҲμӿ˵ģ
ޣƺΪɭȻȥٷκ˽
ǣȥ
߿ˣվúãվ˵Ƕ֮ʿӮӮ죬Ƕ֣һҪѡʮλʿμ֮ǰѡʮλϧһλȻòѰһˣ
ҪˣΪߣףҲУһһƽᣬֻҪܴӱ֮Уȡöָ˭ͨˣ
ӮһҶȵǰͳһƯһö䣬Ӯ֮

һɶçһ룬ˣ˵ֱ쿪צͳץȥ
ͣ
çָݺץ֮ڣ֮ͱç޷ǰһһۿһ֮ңȴңɼ
񣡡
ʮ֮çڲ֧ǿ𿪣΢΢ָƺѪçҡҡͷʧת뿪ˡ
˰Եɶǿ߾ֻƿߣӮ֮ӮҲǴǿߣһͰ˶ǿߣ
пһĻҶľû뵽֮Ӯ죬ԭʵǿ
ɶ񡭡ǣ
ʣµˣһֶȡ䣬ƿһǿߣߣۿҪץ䣬ϧȫҲвӮһѣʧܶȥ
״ˣֻʣһˣҲûκγ֮Ҫټܵõʿ
ʮ˽ʧܶ飬ֻʣҶһˣӮһµӣʧ˵
Ӯ쵹δ£Ǳ˫֣ĿҪֵҶϣҪȿ˵
ٿ
ʱһƷ˶˾濴Ҷȷһץûнһ˲ɱȻиһѷ죬Ҷּۿ죬һһ֮Ͱץġ
ž
Ӯ˷׷֣ӮһĨʧˣҶнӹָ֮ΪˣȻ˴һֳֶΣɳܴӱ֮£ȡָǶһʿʲô
ҶȣҶ
ҶʿͨˣĶȥþλʿΪлҪ˵ӮҶΪͣ£ӻӻָ˵
ǣȥ
ܿӾǴžϢͬǿţ빬ԷҶȰһƲ־ȻǸĺܣа˶Ǵɣһɰ˽ף֮лһĽǿߡ
Ľףͬݵǿߣһɽ磬޵и֣ڶɽ磬Ҳһǿߣ
ѡʮˣȥѰҷ񣬶ȡ߲ʷڣڿʼһŶӣҪúúǷ񿰱ڣκһˣ޷£ֻʮֲϣ
ȥΣأһһ׽󣬶ȡ߲ʷڣͷڡɡУȥϢ꣬ɱӮĴǳ
Ӯ쳯Աӵͷн䣬һڸ뿪
ӷһץһϳһ׵ĽģŽʮʿУһλϡ
ҽܣӮģϣЭȡ߲ʷڣ񣬸ղΪҪ˳񣬸λӮ߸ͣӮұ
Ȼ˴󷽣轣ҵһҪ񣡡õ꺺ӣҲʵǿһˣĻһܵͬ
ظϢɣӮÿһֹҶʮ뿪

ӮĳһԺ֮УӮҽأӮԼˣ롣
ӮԺڣһƲĽ߳Ķ鴦ˣ
ǵģȥȡ߲ʷڲ֪мգһʮˣһ޻أӮĵ˵
һգҲҪϧۣӮҪ׳󣬾ͱϽȡùϵϵԺȡӵɳǣҲΪıһȥ
Ӯζ꣬Ϊ࿴ӮģˣҪܽϴξ飬ϾһͷޣֻҪ뾡취ռʱаնԸģ
ӮĵҲúϴɱ񣬻ΪʵҲֶӳסûȵʱ飬κҪʱ˺߲ͣееġ㽣𣿡
㽣Ӯ洫֮ϧӮһֱûгһ֣޷㽣֮Ҫúʹã㽣Ϊ¹ƣõĿһ˶ߣȥɣ
Ӯһ˦䣬ص֮С


532 
Ӯ쵹Ǵ󷽣δƷʯʮƷɵ
ӮһƬ᷿һ䡣
ҶڰգǰһŽУ䣬ŶĿɵҶȰ봢޽䣬ɵ
ԭǡɵȻתᵤȴҲɽһֲɵԪо޴棡
Ҷȶɽ֮ʱĴ٣ҶȶԪ⿴أ̤ɽ磬֪ɽĺ嫣ûдǧͼɽ粽УΪ̫ͣԪ̫
ɵǡǸԪõҩǡô
̤ˣҶȶԪ˽⣬Ԫǿǿ󣬲Դ߶ֱɱˣֿ֮ԷԪͨΪҪһǣһǿߣڲò£ԪԶӣתޡ
Ԫ˵ڶ
ȥĵطΪڹŻ򡯣ͼû꣡
һžɵ֮Ҷȱ㿪ʼУóɽͼʼѰ֮ڡ
ȻҶھɳǺԶһͼҵڹŻ
ôһɵأķһɳǣһ֮أҲޡݺָ֮߼ޣҲڴ˴һ㣬棬һֱȴûȥɱûȥɱǶڹŻɥ˴
лҪգΪôǧͼǿԱҪΧɱ񣬻
ͼҶȶ񣬸ӽԽΣգҶȱǱԽ󣬶ҵʱնɱޣޣ

գ۱ӮţҶȵʮѾۣӮĺܿ߳ʮһ̳շȥ
뿪ɳǣ˾ͼӿٶȣҶ˵ΪĸϵЩǿߣֻаôǧͼǿǿ϶顣
һ·ͣУ·ɽԭ
ҪСģٶȣڿʼͽΣյشʱޣҴ־һ֮ҵطϢ
·УʮһԶԶ뿪ɳǣããأҲκƯɽΪǰɽԽԽϡ޷߼ʹɽ֮󣬴ﵽƽ״̬
ҴϢҲֹζζޡϢиΣգ˿ʼٶȣշС
öֲޡ
¸·ҶɽϹɽԨ֮УɱޣǱڰˣɱޡ
Щ޴ʵһǴɵȼԽɵȼĿֲޣǺٺ٣Ҫ˸ӦԶԶرܿһȼޣԺɨɽ磬ڶɽ粻û˿ֲ޴ڡ
λһƬأһƿأҪƿ·ҪǶ޷뿪
һƬϹֺӮôϢΪֺ֮Уһķ֣»ɫΪһڴնɱһˣˣɱɳǣ˿ɵǳɳǶҪ嵶¡
˾ͬɥȮβͷɹһƬ嫵ֺתһɽӮĴŴҷһɽȣ󷨣Ϣ
λҶ˴˲ǺϤȻԵһ𣬲ҽһ
ŪһУʮ˾ӮĽһƶơʳдһȣ˶Щ⣬λɡɡʼ˵ҿɣԭһ֧Ϲ岿еʿϧ䱻һͷµаɱ룬ԵвˣĴˣ߱ķɳǣԵɺϽӮ
ֲһȭܴƴǿ߷п磬һܳ£
һɶ׺ˣƱЦǺǵĵֵܣܹԣǰڲɳ룬λֵۣң
֣ͨȭһžͨﵽĽΪҿҲ֣ȣɳٱˬȸɡ
³Ԫ
һʿͣܡ

λֵ࣬һɣЩֶΣͨˣϣλӦ
ʮ֮У˶ҽܣֵھλҲ֮Ψһһλɣһλ꣬ʮӢ
ֵܣɲҪԷƱڲ֮ʣӿǼʹһľϵȻɣȴܺɷҲͨʿ
ӮϷӮĶһƬޣٱ֣ɰ˽ףȴܴƴɶ׷ţ
Ŷ
ԭһܣûж⣬Ӯⷬ˱൱̥𺳣ɰ˽ܴƴɶ׷ˣɾӵдʵ
һɣڵͽ׾и߽״ʵ
û뵽ֵŲɣɽ磡һλ־ٱȵ
࣡
Ҷһ㵲ѣһֱ͸ӦϢȴû뵽ҲһӵԽʵˣɾͷͬ죬Ҷ̰龻֣ȻԾϢȻ̺һԸ߼ɽ֮ĪǴϣӵһǷںһɱˣ
ҶСܣˣʱӮһڳ˼Ҷȡ
ҶȶƱվ˶⿴ܵҶȣһɽ磬һɽս֮Уɱһգѣ޴ȥɽ磬Ĵεǡɳǡ
û뵽ҶС밳࡭һֱӵĿɣҶⷬƺ˿ƾƣŷ뵽屻֮
ʱӮĵҿɲҪСҶСܣǴҵ֮Уȡʱвٴɣ޷ҸΨҶС
Ŷ
֪ӮǿǴɸ߽׾ͷڶɽ磬һǿߣ˭ûаմӮ֮жȡУƺСҶȣȻ
Ҷȶ棬ΪؿҶȣٱ˵Ҷ֣λɣ
˺ˬɣ
һ׳˶ܹԣȻĵҶϵܣһɽ磬һ֪ɽ˶۵ġ˸յɱ칬ɱȺ칬ִƨ޵
ҶһһɱʶѹҡҡͷҲֻǸո֪ͨ£̫˽⣡
ǿϧɽķ֪ǺηȻɱ칬ɱô칬ִߣȳˣͨʮλ
ٺ٣ʵ칬ִɢͨϿɿ˻һˣˣ
ˣ
ƺ֪£һ𾪡
ǰ칬ִǿɢϢҲķͶӰһˣնɱɣԿ칬ִߣӢۣ
ҿӵնɱ칬ִߵʵŵĵɱ칬ִߣѪϴ칬һƺЩʵ˵
ζˣһնɱ칬ִߣȷЩܣܼԦǺεͨſӵԼãɽ쵮δйľ
Ӯĵֵ˵ļǣֻڲΪͣӶɽ½磬ءءɽǿߣ׷ɱһɽ磬Ѱ
ӣ˻棿ˢˢӮġ
ǺʵģֵǶ֪þҪɽ磬ȻɽжĿɽءɽ綼ַˣΪһ׷½
ӮˣһЦһҲΪ棬ֵ˭ȻͻΪɽЩ塢Ȼɸɱ½磬һ׳ľѻᣬֻһ׷ˣӵһĵ飬ɽȺۿץסɾȿҪ׶ˣɴ˿ɼͽ׾ͷ˵ᶯ˼
ֻǲ֪жΪɱ˻޵£Ƿˣȴһ޾ûôױץס½磬ûõס
ԶԣˣǷˣҪǸ칬ִ߶ȥ
Ϊȣ
֮ˣžԣƺ˼ж޺飬׷Ľٱ
û뵽ɽ磬ֵôҡ
ҶȺȾ֮࣬ȴǼ㲨ˡ
ɽ羹Ȼǿߣɱһɽ磬ҪѰԼ뿪һɽ磬ҪǼڶɽ磬ȴħ˵ᱻ칬ϴܣ׽ϢǾֻ·һ
Ҳ޷ӵв׽ҶȵͨͲһдۣһۣʩչͨ˵ץסҶһ˿Ϣ׷ɱ
֮Ҷȵõ񼣴Уӵֵˣããɽ϶ڣһҶȾ֮ǡ
˼ھ֮С


533 
ɽأһʮһɹ֮С
СģǰһƬǻɽޱߣҪһʱܷɹɽ̾ϵޣޱȣ
˾ͼǰһɽϴɽƣзҪڻˡ
һˣɽΣգӿҽڻǿߣͽ״մһҲҪˣ
˿ֲ
ҶĶɤۣɽֲʮ֮УʵǿģЩͷƤ飬Ȼɿɽֲ֮ҶΪԭͿʼܵϢѹơ
ɽҲ֪γɶ£²ȼգһɽȫı䣬Ǵס׼ҪܵӰ졣
ʮһУֻпӮﵹûܵǣƣ˻ٶʼܵѹȣܹҲͷ󺹣ŷһѹȵÿ޷ơ
ûдǧͼ˵ɣһѡ
пЦһ˴ؾɡɵĽأҲĹɶëȻҶҪûдǧͼھͱˡ
ȻֶΣȻɰѹסƣ
ķ̫һڷڣմѹȶ۹۰˷κζϸϸƿأ֮УĿڶк۵ִ࣬һɰ˽ΪƺƬɽѹơ
ɰ˽ڶɽ磬Сආɺݺݲڽ£ȴƲܣһҲ˿·硣
ͨɽԻӦ緱һ㣬洦ǣ
ɽ羪ѹȣҶ֮УΨһһܵӰ췴ӦˣȻҲûô⣬俴ҶΪܸӦҶϢǿ
ΣսءĻ£Խ
䡭
ȻǰڻƲУһͨɽɽڣһҽɽƺ˶𶯡
ͻʮ޴ޣڻɽΧɽһֳѻɽΧˮйͨ
ôϢйζλЩޣ֪ɽ֮Уһ
ע⵽컭棬ȴ͸һ˿һʱܹԺȻ󼤶һܸͨӦƽϢȷҪˣ

ͻȻͣ£ûϢԾԾԣĦȭƣǰ·ӣϵڱĴ¡
һλƺ˼˫̰Ŀ⣬Ӯߣӣϡҵͣ£ȴɱԽ
ܹЦǺǽŵӣ˵ǧѷ꣡
ӮļԣУ޲֪ãܿ׵Ŀ´ڣҰж̲ߣǿҲʲô֮ǣ
ҲΪ룬Ҳûаմ֮жȡǽӮκ⣡
ʧվ˵ϼ䡣
ʧ֮ǲģ
ҡҡͷһѣǴᱦ˼ΪᱦӰǾ͵ӮӮɳǣɳҲһΪһûаյ£Ӯ֮١
Щ˿Ǻݽɫаնȡ鱦ӮôֹҲС
Ҷ˿Ҫȥ֮жȡ֪жΣգٶ˵ֻΣգûн
䣡
ڴҷҪƵ뿪֮ʣͻȻǻɽٴһҽаһȼյͷų⣬ɽ綼һ㡣

ܹԳˣ
໡
ʮ޶ʱɱȥִطðʮޣһͷ໥ɱ
һֿľһɸ߽׾ͷô˸ޣ
ԭԶȡĿɣһҲ˫ۣҲֻо䱦㶯ݡ
һҡҡͷʧ̾ڸɽ۱е䱦ֻϧ˶ޣƾԶȡ
¡
һ̣ص緢ӻɽһҽ֮УȻְһ
⡢⡢һöϢǿʢ찡˵ȼͷҪѰҵܹԳ𾪡
ᣡ
˶ͬ˵֡
Щ棬Ҷȡ
˿̣˶ᱦ֮ģ֮ǻɽ֮УȻһ׵ٴα֮ڴ˵ݷǧ꣬öǵãӱժӣ
ޣ
˵һԭҪᱦ뷨ɲǼʧɢ

һɻųëޣӻɽ֮һ߳һȭͰѻɽڸƽһץͰѵڶöģ˫ͫɽʮ
ǻɽ
侲ӮߣӣӰɣͷӦÿزȴǿߣǸпܶȡ
ȷ
Ӯ˿ŷҲʵ𾪣׼뿪֮ʣӮͻȻ˵ĺȡֻҪܶȡ׸ӿԱ֤λԶӮ߹ˣӵһ
ӣڲǲ룬ǻ̫ǿ󣬿ȸǿߣֻķݣΪһֵã
֪һ˿ᱦ뷨Ҳûˡ
Ӯıȭ󣬱ӿԱֻ֤Ҫȡ߲ʷǷɣǶӮͣʵǻһϣҸ״˲ǰѽ⽣ɲһ㣬Ϊ㽣ˣӮ洫֮ֻҪȫ߶лȡ޵ȷûзɣ
߳һңȻ˱֤λǳðգһʲôɵ۾ʵңԶóݣһҲΪǻʵ㣬ΪӶȡΪӮհ
Ҹˣ
ܹҲվ֧֡
ɡ
Ҳͨʵﻢ£ӮǱҪõ֣Ǿڤڤ֮еӮģǵӴӮңҪ֪ӮӮǴǿߡ
ףɽ磬ǻߴڣ̤ɽΪһǿߡ
ڶɽ磬ôһ˭
ڳ֮ˣ涼Ǹ֣Ҫ̤ԺС۸ûһ˿ϣһΣѡʵͶɽɱ¾֮أҲܱ
ȻҶԸɣǾĺȡһöӣ㽣ʣڹϺã
ɵˣӮϵĽ㽣óݸӮģʮ̣ȫӮУҪӮڣǾ޷ӮҪӵеĻر
ãǳߣ
ӮĽ½㽣һӣʹʮ˳ɽȥ
Ҷڶ֮Уѣһȥȴû취Щˣû뵽չȥʵҪɼ޽֣̫ʵʣֻʱ棡
գ֮䣬˾ͼԦƣ޻ս֮С
ʵ̫ǿᣬöûϣǾͶȡЩ
Ӯļ㽣һɽ֮ϣޱʮͷΧͷһöĿ⿴·ʮսȫҷֻҪ׼ᣬͶȡ
ã
˸ֹͣ׷״עӮ֮ڡ
㽣ɱ
ӮͻȻվ˽Χ
ֻӮн㽣ͻȻͷһ۽⣬һ˵Χˣת˳֮ɱȥ
͡
ֱӽȺ֮Уһ˵𽣣˸Ľת佣˲ͰѼ޸ɱˣѪˮֱֲ̫޼᲻ݣеҲƤӲþȻԿ𽣡
Ӯ䣬עֻһ֮ƤӲޣͱһѪڣʹֱС
ЩҪǵԵǶ֣
û뵽Ҫ˶Ƥδɱޣǿסˡ
޾ǱҪǿ
㽣
˶ûע㽣˵һȡֻҶһ˷ֽĲ
㽣Էͬһ㷨ʵڿֲŷﵽƷƷȼֻܷһʹõľ
Ӯаգ֪㽣ȻҲȥɱ񡭡
ҶȰƳһӮģִгǸ


534 
ݡ
һ˽ɣת󣬾ɣعѸ֮ɱ֮У졣
ѪɣѪأʮһ˸ѪȾ㽣һ̨֮ݺ޵С

ԺˮѸɱ룬Ȼһޣͬһ⣬Ȼһɲ棬ݺݵع
ɶޣȻںһ
˲裬֮ͷƤ飬Ѫӿʵˣ޷ѹƣѪ
Ӯ亹ֱðû뵽һͷޣںʿʹõķޡ޶޷Уճ˵޷ںʹһֲ޾Ȼƫƫںһ
໣
һͷţͻȻһСɽ޴˫ͫˣͷһǣޱȣͬһ޼᲻ݵĳǹ
ɼţǣʱһأãһͷţǷޱȣ
㽣ܣ
Ӯ˫ֱ仯ֻʮ𽣴ӽɳ໥صγһܣΪһɫ㣬ڽ֮ǰ
䣡
ţŲʲôţƢƲɵصײڽ֮ϣըײƣȻʮס
ţ
ҶȲһѪʱңЩ޷ƣһʹţǿġ
ɽ绹δʶû뵽ǿûнҿ϶ᱻײǿִǿߣ¶Ҫˣ
ʩչ̫֮䣬ѹȥЩ޷֪ţʵڿֲҪȥһɽ磬ûƵ־ޡ
ҰţƷ
˺ò׿סķΧţҪ˶ֲסˣҰԱĹ˭֣ʱɴվ֮һҰ֮ͷų
ټӳһʵڲУǾͳˣ
Ӯ۵úӿ죬һ޹Ǽֱͳ˻ӣ޲βһ˦צӻӹֻ󣬽㽣ȷסعȥһա
˵ȡǻܡ
ôҪһ
£
ȫҰֶ֮ſ񱼶ţ˫֣Ұ֮ͻûֻ֣صסţ
ǣ˾ͼ֤Ϊʿ֮
еţȻҰأţڴһĹ֣Ұסһײ˫ۣȻţڿһص˦֮⡣

սʤţ۵òУҪ֪ţһʮһɵĽƵһ֮սʤţɼжƣ
࣬뱾ȱɱЩආҲɣ
ڻɽڣɱʮޣ£ż߱նɱޣ·սʮһ˱ŭѡ
޸ԸǱڻɽǧ꣬ڵȵʵ죬֪·ɱޡʿ񲻷ŭ
˷
ذΧ֮еʮһˣ಻ԣҺûн㽣ڻ壬Ҫʮһ˲֪֮С
ӮļƲʵڳ㽣µ󷨣ֻͻȻֳһ֮࣬ͻأӴһ¾ͰѼ޸ˣ֮໲ҽС

㽣ɱһӣɱ¾ƺһޣǧ֮⣬ƯڿеΧǼǳޣɱ

ܰޣƿֱ֮Ӵɲ棬ͬ˲㣬񱬴̶
ɲ뽣ʱײһƺȥ׷Žһʹ̣û£ŵֱ¡
ϣֽҰÿˡ
࣬ǺÿΪ۸֮ޣ
ƺΣ֮УҲʼұ£־Ȼɽ֮У濪ʼ𶯣ŷްѵʲô
ž߳
޾Ȼӻɽڳһǧ׳ȼյĻ泤ޣ滹ڵҽͱ
ž
泤ڻ߶ȥͬߣһһޣȻһ¶Ѫ⣬һȥ޾ͻأȴĽס׵ޣӾˡ
û뵽ڼԴҪץʱ䣡ӮĿ޾ͻһļ£ֻܼӿٶȴ߶
ȥУǵõҲ͸֧޷ӻޱߣ
ܹľ˵
ѵ֮ǰͰ׷ˣӮĸԸŵֱôװ״ԭ¾ģȡüױҲͨϵžðգۿҪ֣ôġ
ҲǾ᲻ѣֻˣܽ˻л·ҪǽȺ޸Уͻᱻɱ
λֵܣСܿһԣ
Ը֮ʣҶת˵
ҶֵܣԣôˣܴҸ״жȡضԿռк컯кΰ취
ӮɵˣŷץסһпҶȡ
һϹŹڿռƿ֮ƽ⸮˷ˣΪ̫ʵΪҲɾ޷ȫ߶һ·̫Ҫλֵȫҵڣ
һһ֣˵꣬ҶȺĿˣȻ󡭡һնȡ
һգȥðգ
ã
˼ҷ׷׹ϴӦӮġɿʼֱӼҶڣҲʼ
һҲûֿԽʮֱΪҴͨأ硭
һ̣ҶЦ˳
ԭʹ㣬ʵû취֮ʣʩչϰ취ʩչռͨȡȻ˶û취Ը˶ޣн㽣ֲֶҲ޷
ʮ˼ǿߣпɡܹԼʵҪǿһ֣ӮĸǳԽˣﵽĽ۷壬ǹȻһ֡
ɾǳ֮ڷ磬֮ȻҲСǱ˾磬ǲȥʮǧͻһݣҪǧ꣬ɸ߽׸ӿֲ׽߽ףǶͻƣͬȻʵԽ
ʣӮľǴĽ׵۷ǿߡ
ȻΪˣǴ֮еĸ֣κһˣڶ̤벽һ̤֮أֻ֣ʵ
ͣ
ʮǴɣ䲻ǴɣʵҲﵽɼʮӿҶʲôҶԭǻҰһϪͻȻӿӰĿֲˮ
ҶҶֵܣû뵽ǿſռͨܶȡ
ʮִʱиоȫ߶㽣󣬼ǵȿֲڶڣȻҶ춼춯
һɣҲ޷֮
õģϾͨɡ
ҶȻ֪뷨ʮʱ˿̣ڵȻƯʮͷžϢӡ
ʮɵӡ
ʱˣȥǿ϶ģͨɶססĽƿʱͻף
ʮǿдɾأҶǵΪûпɵͱ
ӣλ׼߶룡
ҶͻȻ۾һɫϢʮ𺳱£ֱ򼸰ö
ৣ
һɫƺܼԦɽռ䣬ͻȻסƯڼֲϷ
ߣ
˴󾪣ȫ߶Ӯٴα仯㽣˳սɱȥ
͡
תһ̣Ҿ𾪼һҫƯƺֱӴռ䣬һǰɹ

һ̣Ǽ档
ҶΪʹһץͰѹҫץסһöѤͷĻ̿ô޴Ҷ̵ݸӮģӣ
ǰֻڹż֮ϼ
ҷ׷ױ
䣡
ͻȻݺһ£һ泤
Ӯ˿ɽڣʧȥȻŭֱӳɱ
ɱ
Ӯֱ仯𽣾£ͣתһޣ˷ȫ޷赲
ž
֪ɱս֮ʣ泤ִһݺڽ֮ϣһӮΪףһѪ˶ЩΡ
ҺдΪҴ鷳ˣ
ҶȾȻûˣԭڴΪ͸γһףȻΣ


535 Ľ
ףȻֵܵ޹
ҶͱҴܣʹ˼ˡ
Σա
ſɡܹЩǿߣǿʵ÷׷ˣҶ³ǰЩ˸ҡ
ӣһ֮
½ֻӮһ˿ȥܵ٣һܣȻһӮߣࡣ
ӮĴһٴעƽۿҪɱްΧ󷽻ڱɱӮĿͷã
ľΪ
һͷŷӡһ磬Ȼսɨ
ľϵϢ̺֮ϵϢǵõһϹǿߴУȥһɽ磡
Ҷȴʱ岻֣Ķ㣬ɱޣҲǴʵֻܰװһԵۡ
Ⱥűȥ׷ɱ࣬
޺޲סˣЩޣƺŵӵζһҴ򣬶Ϊȡʱ䣬û޴Ӷ泤޾һɨƷޣ׷ȥ
ݡ
ڴʱΪĴأӷ֮ǧǧ֮࣬ͬǴ־Ȼͷŵһ´˷ѻ޲סеĴһסԭ޷ѳ
ߣ
۵ٴһѪһᣬҪ֮ʱҶһ֣һסӮļһĻ׼ͳͳٱ뽣֮С
ͣ
ͻȻһ˽ֱӺɱһޣ䵹һƬޣŽʧΪһ˽𽣣γɽ˲仯Ϊ⼱ٶߡ
ɶ࡭
д޷ŭĺ

⽣ͬһգֱӴԽɽأԽһɽƺҪɳɽ
ӳ죡
ٿһᴩ⽣Ȼͣ£һɢСӿ뽣˲Ϣ֮ȫӡڽһʮһŹɽ磬쳤̾
뿪ɽ޷ӦǴڣ·һϿȣǾڴһһָȥڹŻ򣡡
˵֮䣬˾ӮƣϿ֮С
Ͽ滷ɽ࣬Ⱥ׷ɣ澡ͷһɫٲҫ£һڴԽ
ÿһƷ赤
Ӯһӣʮ˸ʥϢɵ˲ɡҶȵС
ܹϲɵ¿ˮƺԽ赤ڶɽһɵ
δͬЭѹأɱޣӴ˾ӮˣȴӴ˻ȥҸ״һøλ޳ʵҪɽ磬ҪչӮλҪϡ赤ʲôҺúϢɣ
Ӯʹ˵
ҵȾ͹ллӣ
Ҵ赤ҵطȥˡ
赤ӮҵȷҪֿɽ磬ʮ赤ó
գۣҶȾϿһƬٲƵʩչǧͼƬֿռ䣬þ
赤ĻתԼ󣬱һɵҪСܶ࣬ڲͬҩ棬̺߼ɽϢ
ɽɵתᵤʥɵڻȵȣɵ֮ʵûʲôֻͬΪԽǿƳĵҩԽͬ졣
תᵤƳһͬʱһתᵤҩЧȻǶ׸߳һأһɽЩͨɵҪǳ֣֮ǶǾɵ
赤ȼҪߣɡɡɸ޷ƣҲֻƣ߼赤ֻвƣ赤ҪҩҲͬСɣ棬赤űתᵤ١
Ʒ赤ҩǺǿڴɵͽ׺ӿͨϧǿ赤˵ãӶȡҸûʲô
һҶȱ赤޽䡣
Ҷǿȣϳһɣɽ󲿷ֶõɵҶЧ󣬳ȫգҶֻܻ֮ɵ֮һҩǰװ˷һ赤
ȻûĶ٣ҲܵӰ첻Сǿֲţޡ
߶󣬶ɽ纣ˮŨܵ˲ӿҶʩչַ̫ӾͰѴա
ɽһɽʮɽ粽УΪɽʵ̫߼ǿʢʱ̾Ҷѡ񣬾ڶɽ磬ǧҲֲز
Ȼɽ˾ˣ˭Ҷӿֲﵽɵز̤ˣظ仯ֱ仯ҶԼҲ̾Ϊֹ
ҶȾ͵ӵдɵȴûдɵʵɽܵ󣬵Ҷȴһͽɣڶɽ紦ѹȣǧͼ־Ҷȼֱٲά衣
ǶȣҶûдǧͼҲóȻ̤ɽ硣
ջʮӣʮϴ辭һɶףͻưɣ
ӿƽֶ֮ռ䣬Ҷȴ˿ǻ̫ŵĺǣڲ⡣
뷣
ƽٻӿռ䡢ҶƽϢγɷڻ𺣣¯ջɣһ𰵽ɫ¯ٿȻҶ֣¯ƯŵģһЩƣΪҶҵľ󷨹γɵԡ
ԭȡ󷨹ҪٻУϧ첻Ըٻ칬ִУҶȳɹնɱ룬ֻö㡢㹦󷨹ҶУԽԽ졣
һҶȾ̫޼˻ס󷨹󷨹ǸУҶȻרУ񹦽Ҫȥ̫޼˻ס
¯ɾʱ̰ٱûб仯ƶɽǿѹȣԶԶԽҶȸóܵҶȽݽҲʮѣ˵֮Ľ
䣡
ҶȺݺһȭ¯ϣ¯˿Ҷһȭȥ
Ȼ̣ʮɹһ׵ĽأҪͻɶײ⣬ƣ
֪¯ԣҶȷһץһ̫һγɵݺݵһڻ¯֮ϡ

̫һԵ£¯һƾͱ飬ĿƬգҶһͬϺȫ븹С
ಡ
һ̤ɶףҶŷֻ͸ɱ䣬ȻΧǿһ֣伸ҶȾͷִʱܵɽѹȣ֮ǰҪ
Ҫɶ׳ȥԲôǧͼУֻȻҪܵɽѹȣٶҲôˡ
һ¼ɽԺҶȿԼ߶ǧͼûҪʱѹɽշС
סĽףһɣ
ͻƶ׻ܵɽѹȣҶԭô̤Ľףû취Ҫȥȡ߲ʷڣʵԽǿһ֣ΣͶһְȫ
ͣ
¯һγֳ֣γһ̣ҶȾͷ̫һһȭͺˣδƬ룬Ľ׻˳
Ҷ˲ϢͰƬڣͻף仯ײ࣬ˣֻ̫䣬ž񱩡
ִΧͻ֮ҶȾͿʼҪֱͻĽףͷһɳռ䣬һϿȿռ䣬ҶȷֻҪܵɽѹȣһΣͻƶ֮ʱҪܶࡣ
ﵽףҶѾʩչǧͼͿУ޷õٶȣϾɽѹһɽɶ̤룬οҶڻס
Ľףɣ
ٴͷƽ֮󣬻¯̳ˣҲܵһͻƵϢ׵ѹȡ
ƣ
Ż¯ƽ֮γɣһ̫һͷųʮǿʢҶȴƶסƽٻ¯ҪǿʢٱȻĽԶԶԽףһĽףҶͻһα仯
Ľ׻¯̣̺ԣɽ編ϢȻ壬ۺԣҶȾȡ
ƽ֮гԣǰûģ֮ǰҶȻǷˣ˾˲һ磬Ȼ̫ڿˣԽԽӽȻҲ֮¶ҶȾԽߣԽ
ƣ
̫һһƣҶݺһƻл¯
䣡
¯ֱӱΪ飬ָоƴˮͻȻ뿪ĲܵѹȣֱƼ˲俪ʼ


536 
Ҷ˲оӽӣһ»Ϊо徫һͳͳѱ䣬춯ر仯жڽϵͳϵĽ
ɸоʵԣҶʲôҲͷ壬طҽɽ編
Ҳ֪˶ٸ£ҶȲŻ̫޼˻뾻󷨹һ˲䣬һ̤ĽףҶȾ޷仯жྪˣʵҲһ׵İٱ
ٱ
ҶȾٴޡԴɹˣȻ޷ԿȴǰԴɵ֣Ҳ˺ҶȣͬʱܵɽѹȣҲǰ֮һ
˵Ҷڶɽ磬ڿݺᣬʹôǧͼ㻹ܵɽȴҶǿʵ£׻⣬ֻҪ߶̫һͿɽ
ԣҶȼӶɽ
տ̤ɽ磬ֻʲôҪηηβ
ָҾͿɲԽ񼣡
Ҷȳ֮УֹȥãȻָŷɳƯǰͷŹϢ
ΰķΰĴУ
ΰ񼣴У͸һöָ֮У˭ǵõָڤڤ֮־飬ͻںϽָӶõ񼣴С
ԶɴۣµĴսףλ۰Ĵսף˭õսףһĥͻõɴ۴УΪ۲ǡ
ٿ
ָܵҶ־ȻͷһϽ⣬ҶԪ֮УҶԪͿϤĹͨ
ڣ
һͣҶǰһһڵǰ֮Уص񼣡
ϣܽȥ
ҶȻ֣ĶɤۣȻ֮УҶȴ󾪣Ȼûֹܵ̿С
ʲô̫ţʵ׺ɣҲ޾档
ҶȽһƬߵ磬ոպһΣԪȻȫǲԣһ˿ɽ硢ϢûУ޾ԡ
ΪֻҵԪԽ񼣣޷룿ѵƬֻԪռ䣬񼣣
ܵҶȴǰʲôú棬ô꣬ԽԽԺֲɻ
أ
ҶһǣΪ֮У޷ԦκҶ޷ƣͻȻһŷǸӡ
ǡ޵ʬ壿
޳ͣת䳡һһƬֺ֮Уһ̾ͳɳħ֮УڣǰȻһ޴ľʬ壬ӵ޵ԣȫǵۣĿģǻڵ֮¡
أ
ͷ­֮ϣȻһصĳԼʮ޴ޱȣͷ­֮УǿȻǴ񵶴ġ
񵶷ŷӵڿƺԻˣѰˣ
ʲôµĹ
λʧҶ沨ƯãɹޱߵԶŷ棬Ȼǰһھ޴а⿴ǲӼҾȻ˶Ǵ죬ûͷ­ûβͣݣƿ
ͷķƮһ࣬࣬󣡣
Ҷˣ޸л𺳵һһʮֳסͷӡģÿһ󣬶ͷ񷡢ΰƣ˾塣
ͷϷȻڲͬ󣬿òǾȻץͷ࣬صģ·ڷӡ䡣
ղޣһ񵶣նɱˡͷʲôޣȻҪʮַӡɱƺ޷ɱҪӡ࣬ŷɱ
Ҷ޷ţףεȵŻʮնɱҶȻǸܵ˿˿֦ĩҶͷϢУ΢΢񼣿ռĸоƺ񼣿ռ䶼޷ѹס
ͷͬСɣӲ˼飬εȻĿռ䡣
찡絽ǸʲôĴڣҷŷ׿ͬ죬һƽƵġ
֮УҶȴһ֮Уоףŷ޷ɱͷֻ
޷նɱ
ҶȲ£ŷڤڤ֮Уһ־Ҫͣѹͷ֮УҪʲôΪþûиı䡣
ƺҪ档

׺ΪɣɲǼ䣬ѹͷﳡȥֻգ۶ҶȷԼվһϵĵǰҶȺϤޡ
޸ֶվĳʱգ΢΢̧ͷ񷣬ŷǻͫƺʲô̺ʲôϴڡ
ţ
֪жãҶȸоһߣգ۾ͳھָ֮У뿪硣
Ϊʵһ㣬ƯԺô޷ʧ
棬ҶɲǷ֣ͬһڵͬһˣվԪС
ȳȥ˵Ƿ֣
Ҷڵûо񣬵һӮġЩ˶һһָȻܾͲ̫׵Ҫ뿪ָ

Ҷ߶ָʱͻȻϤĳ仯ϼ̨ˣһ̳̳֮ʯĹʬ塢ġԡȵȣ޷š
⡭
žָڲûͬڵľ޴̳磬ҶһĴ񼣡ѵ̳ⷨҲ񼣴еһ֣

ҶԪһʱָ磬ԪںϣҶŷ̳޸пԺУΪ߲֪ж죡
ָʵģ޵ģҶԽָ޷񼣣ֻԪſԽ롣
ž
ҶȾȻӷ̳֮УȡһʯָˣͷȫҲ޷ʯ֣ƺʯ޵ʬ壬ںϣ̳ʩչͨɣиҶȡ
ԡʱ䷨ôȫӡˣ
֮䣬Ҷȸоһ˿˿Ϣ̳ѹӡҶ𾪵ǣָռʱ䷨һǧһǧ꣬һꡣ
һҶΪʱ䷨򣬻԰ʱ䷨ṩһ򱶣һ꣬Źȥһꡣ
ñԭָһĿռ䷨Ըıʱ䷨򣬴Ӵҿھָڷһǧ꣬һѣ
ʱ˿̷ͨҶϲ񣬾ָƿʱ䷨һҪ㹻ʱȥУ׳Լ
ţ
Ҷһգ۾ͳֶռ䣬ְѾָץ֮Уֻص֮ϣմǧͼָ
һҶȾͷɹ֣ٲ֮£˿Ӯġɡܹԡƺ룬Ҷһˡ
ҶҸλ£˾ٱȾƣһɨ˾ʮ޸ƶһһָͣȡ֮ϵһ̸֮Ҳ޸ҡ
ܶȡҶֵֵܣҶֵܣ޷ȡûֵܣǾ޷ӹ׷ɱλλ
ӮͻȻٱЦҶͶ͡
ֵҶֵܣ䶼ɣ֮£ǶвֶΣӮ˵ĺܶԣ
Ǿʹɣ
˶Զ˴ҳޣʹһ
վҶֵܣʵãܰһЩæȻ˵ȫܵ˵ǿλ磬ӮӣҪˣǽ㽣֮жȡǻؾӣ
ԣԼǣҶ޳ɵ
ȣ
Ҿɽɸ־ɣǾƣһҩкܴ
൹Ǹˡ
Ⱦ̸Ц֮䣬ҶȵǸоƺҪ߽侲ң侳粻ߣȴҲһλӵкƵһ㣬õҶཻͬ
λֵܣҪ׼ãһƬǾͳڹŻ򣬴˵֮̾أȻɽҪΣհٱлп֡޴ڣҲв٣
ӮİѾƱ£˵
侲ܹԵڹŻһأûдĽסΪ˭Ҳ룬ȥһΣǰ·ͱһǿˣǱӣһ£
Ȼ飬ڹŻû˲£ֻЩŸ룬̫ڡšɽЩǿɣŸҽѰȡ
ڹŻӵдϣζȡ߲ʷڣն񣡡
ǶʾԼ뷨
ڹŻһ֮ء
ᵽ̫ڡɽЩ׹ɽҶȾ֪ڹŻһΣ֮أӵ޵ĵطǶء


537 ն
ɽգʮһղϷسֳκʿȥڻɫ
ڹŻܳΪ򣬿϶ǳҪڹŻɽ֮У
ŴضֳһƬڻңɫķҶͷȥڹŻһطҪ죬ƺʺգ磬һ̡
ɽΪĵطһƬ磬ɳǣҲٷ֮һ֮һڹŻʵһޱߣޡˡޣķѰ治֪̺Σ
Ӯٶȣ˾ۼһ𣬶λʽ̤ڹŻ磬һ·ʱ䣬ھֱӸȥڹŻġϼɽյĿɿϢϢڡϼɽ֮УǼ;бضǧϣ
ϼɽ˸δطڹŻ˺嫣Ҳ֡
ӮֵʵλӮɳһи֣ϧûһܻŻڹŻʮգΣҷģҸ״˼Ȼó㽣һܹնȡ߲ʷڣ
ɲǼ䣬໥һɵŬһն

̷ڹŻ֮С
ɫʣͬɽƯزǸԭֻһƬƬɽڴرܣɱڹŻ硣
һ·Σգ˶һһܹ濹⣬һЩС鷳׾ͻˡ
ڹŻ洦ޣҲǶ̾ᣬеǳȺӣеͬ̾ᣬһЩޣûл·ӡ

ҹУڹŻ֮УʱһƬصĹ磬Щʵھ޴һҶһɴС˷ɹŴ֮䣬ȻǰһֻҲһ޴֪֮С
˾޴ĸ֪󷨡
ȻͣӮĻһԭһĹ磬Ȼһ㵭ӫ⡣
ܹüӮģ麹ֱð֪󷨲ò°꣬˹ģӦһްɵӣﲼöɣⴳ룬Է϶ӦӮӣô죿
˵⣬ǴɣӦòΪǣȺһ
ӮĿķҲһأ֮УްΧҪΣգǶɱԽǿ
ӮӮҴӣɽ̫ڡЩƨһǸӮ죬Ҳҵɡ
һööҶ֮ϣ˭ҲҴ˵ֻеȴһҶͻᱻˣΧɱ
û뵽һ·֣⡭
Ҷʩչǧͼʱ׼ţ˭Ҳ޷֪һҪʲôֻǰ׼
ǵùء
ûһᣬ֮УһƮ֮
֪ķţҵֻɢޣۼһѰأ£Ӯ̳ߴգȭʩ
˼ΪĽף
ͻȻһ֮Ц˶ʱվȥƿһ磬λòŮһ£Щط˸
ԭŮ
ɲǴŮţϳ׷׿ʩ
ȡˣһɽŶŮӣȻˣҶȰһƳԺйһϢ
ǸŮӣʮʮֵƤԱλŮӣԴЩȴĮĺܣӸ£װ䷢ǵãҴ롣
Ӯļæӣǲǹģʵڸҵ׾λӲҵðʧ֮˼ƽϣ
ĮŮȵߣΪӹۣҲգ͵֮ʧ󣬿ⷽ磬ȥٸҴ룬նģ
ǣߣ
ӮİŭɫȴҵȣӮȸ㲻ʲôȸ˽أת˼æһ˸ڡ
ʦ㣬һ޳ˣΪβɱǣλƤŮĮŮӡ
ʦʱҪֳҶҪܷЩ˶֮ͽһ޷סЩˣҲŹǣղǵھǴΣյϿȣ
ĮŮһԹޣһӡѳס˶Ҫȥ޻أ
ƤŮͻȻսĪնȣ
Ȼնȣߣǿɶġնųϰǰ˲֮ʱȻɱһϣɶεԽն֣֮ɱȺˣ
Ҳ֪նԺηδڹŻһ֣
ڹŻ̫ҲûȫȥʦãǻȥɣĮŮŵƤṲ֮̊С

ˣ
ȴʹˣҺȺŮɲûǳ֣
ʮһ߳һƬ֮УһƬ޴ķӡ磬ȻأǰһյԨϿȡ
ȳȥ˵ǻڣӮ̧ͷֻʣһ϶ĳڣͷǿƣһϿȡ
֨֨
ȻϿķֶһƬһƬܿͰΧסƵģȴֿǺֹ
Ӯüͷһ壬˵˴йթߣ
ݡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ӱ˳һֻֻɫӣֱӳӿ
ᣡ
ʮһ̾ۼһͬʱͷγһЩɫӺײڽˣһЩĵҺ壬Ȼѵ港ʴһá
ɺݺо綾ǿɶŮӣǹǶⶾ֮У
о綾Ķ棬ϲԻˣǾҵĵͳͳ
һ޵Ͽ
ŴҾͿĶ棬˹³ĶҺܸʴһҪڶҺ֮¡
󣡣
ӮĴһץ㽣ֳһ˸ʱһ𽣾͵γɽ˲߶Ѷһһնɱʮ֮⣬涾ҺڽϣҲһʴֻûиý𽣶ѡ
˼Ԧ󣬳ӣ
ǵ𣺡˼û뵽УһֲãֲãǾͽһҪ޷ƿǵĽǾͷߣǿ׼ǿһ
͸޺
һɸ߽ǿߣǻǵȼǿߣǱǿסһ
ӮĿңҲڿʱû·ǿߣûһ˿أֻн֡
ݡ
˭Ҳûкˣûԥ׷עǿ뽣֮УӮ˫һӣȵٽ
ٿ
ɲǼ䣬һâϿϷն
һҪס
ÿһ̶ֻнֻ֣ȫһϣ־ǿߣԷԲῪЦ
䣡
𽣽ڷ𶯣ǵâɣһߣ˽֮ϣһһ룬ͱâɢ
ˣ
û뵽߶󣬾Ȼ߹Ƶģһ¾ˣԶԷ֣ҶԷֻһ
ǵâͻȻͣϷ޳̾ΪǻõڵĴУû뵽˲ⲻĽǹɣ
ߣ
ĸԥץסҪߡ
£Сӣ
ͻȻһ֮һ²סҶȡ
ãҶֵܣӮġɡȴ׷ͣ¡
ǿ߰ɣ֣ҲûãߣҶȫ޷޷һ£뿪
ߣ
ȻԸҶȣǰҲ˿ı䲻ˣװ״һҶȺһ㣬뿪Ӯĵ˸ǹϵطɳϿȡ
ٿ
ͻȻһʺ֮޵Ͽգа֮޵ûκϢ͸¶᲻ɴݵĵâ
ղƵ˽ĵâȻһ޵ġ
ҶȸоƤڵâ֮£һϿ̨֪Ϊΰ¶һ£
Сӣƣ侲ղҵâƿ֮ʱͷһаĵ⣬ǲǣ
¼ѸӦΪζһʣ
ȻƽҶȴǧˣԭΪ˶ǿߵ£ǰ߶ū׼һ̣סâ˭Էûɱ⣬ҶȰд߶ūһ˸ӦӮĵʮ˶δ֡
Ͽܲ׽
ֻ֤Ϊʮֲֿһߵ


538 ѪԽ
ߵǿʵ֮У׽ҶϢ˸Ӧǿֲ
涼ʾǸ˵ǿߡ
ֵ֮УΪҲصˣΪΪҿΪĽףԲԣСӣ
ҶΪ㵣ܿΪߣ桢ħʣ¾ϿҶȲŵĵҺţ޷ΪһǸ¾һ
㵹ۼ⣬ʵҾͲԻҪȾƣҳԺȣ
ಣ
ûҶȷӦͱһɿֱߣϿһɽڣϾȻһţʬ壬ҶȾǣһʮꡢ׳˶ޱȵӢӣиţظǰ⸬
꺺Ӷһǳɣ͸һһ׳⣬̧ͷҶȣЦеĻӻ⣺޵⣬ֻظһ鲻
ţޣɱȡ⡭
ŵϻδõţҶڻǼ£ڻɽ֮ʱͷţҰ޵еĳԺ
ǰ׺ޣȴ⣬겻ѡ
ɣ
˲֪ʲôʱѰڻϿ
Ҷȱѡ񣬼֮֮ǰ£Ĵһɽƺűٳã㣡
ȻһҶȽкãͷһԭǴһ«֮ͷųģҶҲ«Ȼо«ܲѰһĿռ䷨ҶһƱһ͸о«֮Ǭ񷡣
þƣ
һѩƵƱҶں£ʱһͻƵĴȫڷ
ҵأһ飡
˳Ҷȵݳһ⡣
ζǡôµζҶȴҧһڣоһҲڣޱȣһһصζŷϼС
˻ɱһܾͬûѣûжһ䣬Ҳûһ䣬Ȼ˿ҶŵǲǷӡһаĵ⣿
һһںɵĿܶѣҶǡô˵ɲѵū͸¶칬ִߡ
иоҪʱҵʱȫһն£㵽ܻܲ£϶һܣ̫̫
˷ŷһ¿϶һַͻȻ˫ţʵ߶ܣܲܰҽϵĽͣնϣ
УͲʷͬһ㣬̫ӲҴﵽΪ
ҶȸȥȻ˫ŶһβĴֺڽͣϵĶϿڣǷüΪһϣҶȵûͣǷϡϡ˺ۣĿģЩˡ
׾ʲô£ȻˣûУطǣЩ˺ƺӵƺԶ޷ϣ
ҶУͻȻһʺš
ͻȻһЦ㵹ǸҷŻɾͣСӣ£ɣҾʱҪĸݵ
װɣһҾͲ˷ѶپҶ֪˵ʲôʲôһ£ʲô״̬
ಣ
ƻſһпʼתֳһĹҫһץͽһӡ
ֶΣҶȵû뵽˾ȻףһӣֶΣ񣬲Ǵɸеͨ
ɽɽ磬ǶǾͷڣ˾Ȼһ¾Ͱһǿ˼顣
ͿˣָһӾͷҶȣ˫ֱץͳƺڽһ㶼⡣
ף
Ҷȴӣ͸оһ޷Ȼӵնɱ

Ҷͷһ⣬Ѵġ
䣡
ͣ
һ̣һǿ֣߳ҶڵҶȫˣӣ޷ƿأɲʧȥӦȻ̲סӿһɫѪҺ
ŶѪҺŨȾȻﵽ̶ֳȣټټȸ߼ɣֻ㾳̫ĽףҪܴһɣͱըȴֻ΢΢ܵӰ죡
ϣһЦݣȻһ䣬ƱͳҶȷȥһھûˣ
лˣ
ҶץסƱһںȥʱһůϯȫȻһƶ˲ָ
޼ս
մҶһ޼սдУһ޼˻׾
Ǻף
һֱ²ؼƵˣͻȻ濴޼ս˸ϢзϢһ𾪡
Ҷȴʱץס˴ɵ޼սоƿص屬׼ã
˷¾Ʊһأԭ˵Цþû˵û뵽ͨǺãҾͽ⿪ӡ㣡
ͽͣΪ̸ҶȲӶԷ񡢱鶼ԿڿЦ
һЦһͷŽϵķӡץסҵǿУͻӦ½׷ɱңȻ£㵹õģɣ
뷣
˵֮䣬ҶȾȻϳ֣Žͣݺն£ǽ˲䱻޼սҶնҲһ

ҶͻȻһ޼սҲΣҶȷŷҲܵѹȣ
û뵽ͼɽ磬ܽ⿪ֵͣܣǽݰɣ˿ЦһҶֱӶŻѹ¡
ֵܣ
ҶˣҲˣʶ˶໥ʶԷֶ֪ݡ
˵ͷԣֵܣôŮˣզɶ˭˵ǾͲܽݣ˭˵Ҫʶܽݣҵľƣҵ⣬ֽ⿪ҵĽͣѵЩ𣿡
ҶһҲΪҪȥеΪβѣӦãҳ⣬ݾͽݣ
ϣңն죬ٹ̻꣬һڽգλ
ңҶȣ
ˡն졯ŷֲ֪ҶҶ֮ٴεԣڽգʱ˿ҶȽΪֵܣعʲôƨҲ˵֮Ϊֵ߲嵶Ϳأ
Ҷȶܻ淢ģҶȣһˣֵҲмˣԹѪжͶնΪֵܣǣˣ
ɳ֤
ץһѻɳա
ֵܣԴ˾һˣֵܣúúһ٣նҶȻصʯ£ƺ
Ҷȷ¾ƱĿնһĿ˺۲ʵ磬ΪֵܣҺ֪һôɵģ
ֵһû
նҶȵϾƣԼԺһƾƣмƺй죺Զŵ崫жʷƾãɽ綼û֪ǳ󣬷֧ǳ࣬ϵɽ緱ܣˣǶǵᣬӴһҸĸµϧȺʱŸճˣͱץסѺڵΡһؾǰ갡
ꡭ
Ȼն˵£ĸ޶ûбֳ󶯾ƽ˵ͰѪ֮У
ڼǧǰұҸĸūνȳȻеˣΣΪҶⲻһ·׷ɱ½磬ˣ
նЦһֺ˿ƾƣָŵϽ͵ΪⶫʱضܸӦҵĴڣֻʱӡ
Ҷ밲οն죬ȴ־Ƕһ٣û뵽羹Ȼޣ֮࣬һܳܵġ
ն쿴ҶȣͫûгŭֻмᶨҹңĥңҪҽƣһͳͳһɽôܽЩСˣΪ˹סңǻҴ۰Ϊͼɶ񰡣ûʲôӴеʱ䣬ʱΪҸĸ𣡡
׳־ֵžôѣǻĥ磡
ֵ仰˵ĺãֵ仰һܱѩޣˣֵܣ˵˵°ɣ
նȻҶȼ
Ҷҡҡͷѽûʲô˵Ŵ½ɽͬһأȥɽ磬ֶ죬ı
ֵܲ϶кܶ£ĽΪȴӵпȴɵԲһˣ㲻ǻһ̺֮־Ŀͷųû֣ѿܸģ
ƺǵڴˣնҪ뿴Ҷڵĵū
ҶȿЦ硭²ó
ѵ´ǲɣնе
ҶȼæֻͣһóֵҾҪ֮أɽﶼ޴Ӱ
Ŷ˵˵ɽ֮Ҷû˵ȴ˵óڣ絹Ҫĳ˭
һ֪칬Ҫ칬ִߣ
Ⱥ˵һٹ֮ʱʶ칬ִߣΪҵҸĸδʱСҲףҳˣ֪칬ԭֵܶͷ칬칬Ϊһˣɽƴ׷ɱɣֵܣ̫ˣ칬Һ˽⣬ǲһں
磬˵һɽ˸
ꣿ
Ҷ⻰һڣնѸոպµľƣ⣬˳


539 
磬û°ɣ
Ҷû뵽ն췴Ӧô󣬲ӶǺˣʵ
ն컺˿˿ھƣ¾³˫۶Ҷȣֵܣ㡢㡢㲻Ǹɣ
ԣֵǸ칬ڵĿܣһһɽ칬˵ĵħ
Ҷ̹Ȼ˵
ֵѽΪҵӴǰҵ칬ִߣû뵽㵨ӱһ󣬸ɱ칬
ֵѽ칬ʲôڸ֪칬½칬ִߣȻЩɡǶҲû˸ȥ칬ܶ칬ִߺһǾӺɱһǾӢۣҪǸҹȻɱ칬ǾǾӢۣ
նƺ֪칬ȴû˵
ҶϸֵΣֵܵӴû취Ϊֵܲɽ磬յһͽǲһ칬ִУ
Ŷԭ칬ִɱͽ쵰ɱֵͽǾɱҵͽ칬ִߣһҪնɱ
ֵܣҪ㣬칬ǿ󣬺ǿԶ˽⻹ҪأҵǰɽߴڣҸĸҲǾɽһ۵ѣ칬쳣ɵ㲻۾磬ñǿ⣬Ҫӵдʵſ濹⣡˵ô࣬е׼
նԳҲǸû뵽ֵܣֵԷ˾磬ɱ칬ô纹գ
ն캿ЦҶȴӳޡ
磬㿴ǰ˱۵ħ
ҶͷŴǧͼ̫һ߶һгնǰ֮ʥ֮У򲻶󷨹ĵū
ն۾ŵôģ㵶ŵūλͷ̾ŶֵܣһǰȻҵһǿߣӦôɽ磬ֵܣεõģ
һɽ磬Զһµż˵ūѱίʵǿҺõһѹסõʱһõһö䣬ҲǳǴĽ׸֣֮£Ҳֻ緲һߣ޷գ
߶ǧͼоͲˡ
һ壬ǿϹɽ֮УһʥĴڣֻϧô꣬һֱʧɽ죬Ǻܶ˶ţһûϹһҵڻҪǿֵܴ˰
ֵܣôԽԽ㣬Է֮ѱǿɽٵľǱ㣬ֵһᣬɽ磬ʱգ̤ۣ칬⣬ʱµʱ򣡡
˵ֺһϿ㣬նȻҶȼʵֵܣҪֶ죬ΪΣ
Ҷʵż֮һյѸңɽ죬ƺֶֻ촫칬ִ߲ҶԸʵãɽ죬Ҳȥֶ֪죿칬ͨұҪҸ칬ԿΪ֮أ
ֶ죡ֵܣֶȷǸٹ̣䡮ֶۡɽڵһλۣɽ粻֪ٸ£ҸĸҪ̫࣬һʵߣɽԭǳƿص磬⡮ֶۡһɽǿʵȻɵ칬ֳۣɽ磬֪ʶǿߣֶۡɽܸߣ칬Ųҵ
λ˵ĺе񴦾ȷҪҵһ޵Ϊɽ֮ʱƿأԸ칬Ҹĸᵽֶ۴ֵ̣ÿһԸ칬
ն渵ÿط˵ϸϸֻҪҶɻ֮ϸֱҶȶֶ˽֮ŷġ
磬Źɽһħۣħ𣿡ҶԺȻðƣ˳ʵնݣȻ˵
ħ𣿹
û뵽նƣһ㶣ȻЦħɽ˭֪ǵɽ졢µ֣Ǹ࣬ûɱ˵ħ𣬱ͬǾ޵š̫ʼնɱȻħʧɽʷ̨֮ϣ̫ʼȴһ𿰱ȳ۵Ŀֲڣ
ҶȰƹȻɽķ
ȥɽ磬һҪСĴˣٳǿɽǸаĿǳħ𣬵ֵһᣬħʱ̣ܶͳΪɽһٮٮߣֵܣǸʱѹȥǽһٮٮߣ翴㣬Ϊ翴óеĹ֮У̺һ˿ԣԭ޷ڸոʩչūֵʱ򣬴ſһ˿ԣһߣնͻȻһͷŶϤ⡣
Ҷûзϣֱӳϣһ߰ɣ磬ɽ߶𣿡
࣬ɽ죬ٵĳ֣ۡߣٳȥ޽֮Ѱ罵ٵϹżзԭԶ֮ʱ񼶹ɽ缸Ǻ֪ΪΣż޽֮أ˴۵õ
ԽԽ࣬вϵż׹䣬Ҹĸ˵ŷо޴仯ŵ֮ʱԴ˶ѳΪʱԽԽ࣬ٳۡǿ߶ʼɵרɽ£߻Ǻ٣޽֮ȻµżЩۻãٴȥ
ʱ
ţ룬Ϊվ֮ϣϹʱԶʱ̫ʱԪ֮ǰԵüԪż½磬޽֮أǿߣ̫ʼĳԴԴϽȥУȡԼ뵶ʱӦɽҲдڲƣԽԽ̤࣬ɽ磬ͻߣ
ֵܣ绹Ҫ㣬ӵг۾磬ǧҪ칬ԣﵽǸ磬Ȼ˵ˣֵܺúôնһץ«ͷġ
ɱ֮ҶȲ磬ֵܿҪ뿪ղһˣȴϢֵܣֵ񣬾һʱ䣡
ãھҪṩΪΪȡսֶ죬һһŴʮӣΪɣ浱칬ִߣֵֶΣȫ߶ӹ٣
ն췭һץ֮Уóһ޹ҫһͷžϢӣҶȡ
ʮף
Ҷץסһ̣͸оһϢͷųڽ⿪ӡҶȾͻᵱʮѳԽҶܳܵķΧҶ̰򣺡磬ֵ޻˵ֵܣһʲô£̴ֵܣκֵܶգüͷ
һˣͽܱ칬ִɱҲ߶ʮһֱɱ칬ҾͲÿ罫Ҫ绹ܰ㣬Ժ̤̤ۣ磬ֵܣ
ֵܣ
˽סȭͷ֮ĺѪȡڷڣҶȸոһ񣬾ͱռֱ룬գ۾ͳڹ߳Ĺɽ֮УԽʱգоλһ
ֵܣҪһȺСˣҪɱɽ磬ӴҪĺȥˣȻҸĸµһأ˯ȥֱָΪϣʱֵܼܰãأ
ն޵Ҷȶ߻ƺɽ羡ͷ
硭
Ҷȸ޷׽նϢԷһ֮ǰܿԽڹŻȥնͲӰ
׷ɱζζҶид֪նһȥҪΣգҶնһȫҵҪﵽĵط˯ȥָΪֵһ죬ڸɽ
ǴҲҪǿȴΪһŴʮӡѪӢۣ
Ҷиж֣ҲϣʱնҪʱ򣬺Ȼȣ壬ֵ֮飬ֵ֮塣
Ӯӣ
Ҷʩչͨһͳһɽ֮ϣһ
ಡ
ֻʮӰԶƲӮġɵˡ
ҶֵܣȻҶֵܣ
˼Ҷƽ£ö˶˵վڴǰһϣЦ
ҶֵܣδѲк󸣣
ǡ
һúףһҲŸӮļϼɽȥҶȶû˵κιն£Ϊ˸ɾȥҶȴʼΪն쵣ġ


540 ֱ
ڹŻ򴦴Σգ֮£˽Сģһй֮ƵУ̽ȷȫ֮żϼɽ
ڹŻʮһһƬӲӾ޴ɽ֮ǰ
ϼɽ
ɽƺ֮ǰһ޴ɽɫʣأγɽɫȥϼγɣҲϼɽҲ˶ȥɽҲޱ޼ʣɽࡣ
龻֣
ҶȰʩչ龻֣ϼɽϢﶼڱ龻ƿأҶȺȻüȻвϢޡϢҲڣϼɽҲһյأ
Ǳϼɽ֮УӮһƬȺ֮У˵λֵܣϴξ飬񲻺öԸҲҵҪȡ߲ʷڣǽƻϢϼɽһ֮ܶУܶΪ߶֮ܶίʵ£
˵֮ǰĻޣҪǿʵһҲ׶ȡ߲ʷڡһλ˵֮
ܹƳλһۣǿ˵Ѿؼֻܲܿȥӣʲôƻа취ɹȡ߲ʷڣ
ʵֻҪȫ߶㽣Ϳ񿹺⣬ǿȻҪҵҪѹƳͨҸ״ˣʹѰһͨΪ󡯣һĳۣµĴ󣡡
ǾȲ֪Ȱѻܶᣬѷ񶳽Уٳֶȡ߲ʷڣͼ򵥶ˣλֵܣʵ֮ǰӮһ׼ӵн㽣·񣡡
Ӯ˵꣬һָһͰѿռ䶳ᣬ˴棬Ҳֻд˹Ӯ˵ˣõ߲ʷ֮˭Ҫӵշͨһȫϣһޣһշؽʵ
Ȼ׼Ҳõģְɣɺݺ߬ȭͷ¶Ŀˡ
ߣ
໥ͷӮóһͼʮ˷ɹһȼյĻֿԽһɽͣڽһ޴ٲ֮ǰ벻£ܶھȻٲ档
ŶӦôںܾãɼڴҲһЩ£лϢ֮ǰɱǿµģ
һһٲˮĻȻһҶܳвɼˣʺҶĸΧϢŶϢŶȥ
ŶŷǷɣʼƽ״̬УԽ죬˸оһʳ֮УһϢͷųԽëս
ϢԽȣϢ֮еӾˡ
޲ͬޡޣΪ֮ʥڣֻѡУѡĻܶȻҲһء
ȵϢͿﵽܶ
շа칦Ҳ֪Ķһ˺ȻӿˣҶȺһڣǹȶɽҪ̫߳ࡣ
ôһܶ
˽ڣǰһƬĶ޴Ļںпˮȴڻҽʱʱһ汬ֻܶлȼȻеĺ
߲ʷڡ
˶룬۽һ԰ɳľӨ߲ʹâ߲ʹâǴ߲ʷͷųģܶӳ߲ʰ쵡
̫ˣڱչ֮Уǿʼʩչ󣬷ӡܶȡ߲ʷڣѱ񣡡
Ӯĳ˵ƻȻϢɳ˷׷ҲӮһ֣˳ܶͬȥ
ˣ֣Ȼ۽ǿҵĪǻ·һƬ޴ʯ
ɹҶȽСģķϢܶͷһȻʯ֮ϣͷŷӡĿ⾲עӺˮ֮УȻһʥĴվ۽磬ƺڳ˯ʱչ򣬷졣
ᣡ
һҶԺӮ´ʩչĿҶƿڵӡʮǿһţ󷨣û

ĵܶ磬ȻֵıϢ㣬ѩϴʮһۼڻϷγһƬҫ
һ󣬱һƷҪǿ󣬿Ǳչزʱ򣡡
ҶȵЦ˼ζȡ߲ʷڣûжΣá
֨֨
գ֮䣬Ȼ˲ʮһǿһסѸײڶ֮ƣ̼ͰѻᣬܶϢķʯᡣ
ಡ
ӰΧɳϷۼŻᣬ˷ܲѣӮٴδһӡҲλֵܣȸ߲ʷڣѱ񣡡
ͻͻͻ
ӮͻȻ·һץ澹Ȼʼˮֿ˰ɾ޴߲ʷڡ
Ǵ˵еֻǿϧ߲ʷڲûֻ߲߲ѣΪװλ޷
߲ʷҶ˫ۣûһ˿̰ϾǾ
ݡ
Ӯķɳһ𽣣ǽ㽣ڵ֮һֻӮ߲ʷԱߣĶ·һɲһ⽣߲ʷ廮
뷡
ûκξʹҲûѪ߲ʷھӮʩչ£һиɹӮģ֮У¶ǼӲĹʣû˵
ɹˡ
Ϸʮ˾ϲ֣ڷģȡ߲ʷڣ񣬲þͿ̤ӮΪͣһΪ˭ҲǣȥɽˣͶɫ
Ҳڴʱˡ
λֵܣѱǳҪѱһ׸֣ǰһͬѱ
ӮĻص룬ҵͷʮһγһΧȦʩչ·𶯣㻯Ϊİ̲Ϸӿһɫķ񽥽ӱ
ȫһᣬȻӵд׿ֲڵޣѹʧȥ߲ʷڣȥһֻкɫëľ޴
ε
ڰɾ޴ķӿҪȫӱ֮бϳʱȻӷ·һײ֮
ô£
˶ףΪ·֮Ǹǰ·һ𾪵طַȻһƽסԨھͷȻһϵķӡƺӡһڡ
û뵽ѡУΪ·ӡžӡ֣˳̰ɱ
һͻȻɱһǾ
ҶȰʩչǧͼӣҪ໥ɱȡЩ˿Ҫȡӡеıʲô߲ʷڣӡ֮Բһ㣡
ֵǣ侲
ͻȻ߳ڼǰбйթһ򲽣ҪǷӡ֮һаħͷһųǶҪ
ߣһǱ֣ʵǿҲҵ֣֮һ·ϵ㼸ιգǾͲ㶯֣ҲҪǣӮӣҰɹȡ߲ʷڣϣ㲻Ҫһ֣
˲Կ˵䣬Ҳ׷׿Ӯġ
˵úܶԣǶԣҲǲҵõֵôӡܹŹ֣Ȳӡ֮ʲôǱóҷˣаڣǾ뿪ѱϸɽ磬ҲúüǮӮΪߣҲǴʶ㲩ûʧǣʮ侲ˡ
һ˲⣺ڴ̾ᣬڴӡ֮аӣǲҪ飬ȥʵ̫ǿǲò
ӣͲҪǣ
ܹͻȻ߳ԣϾбżλֵܣһ̣Ҵӣأ˵ɢޣ˵ߣһȺȻûпɽ֮ͽ
ϵܣҪǣֹǷƣǡˣ
ӮͻȻɻüͷһ壺ڲһ˶ڷǿʵ֮£ʱһϻŻûбס
ӣ㲻ҪΣѵ֮ǰ˰ѷѹȻҲ·ӡ
һ˲һЦƱ飬ΪӮڹˣıơ
һȺˣԭһ·Σգ໥֣ԭϵǢѣϵ棬ֺò׽ĹϵȻ顣
ʵܹһ˵˸ǶһȺ֮ͽû壬ֻ档
͡
ͻȻһûĴ֣֮ͻȻܹһץȻץ飬һ¸߸š


541 սĹ
ܡ֣
ͻ仯ʹ˶Ƕᱦһ£־£𾪿ܹһϢڣѪڿвϵ䡣
Сġ
ӮһҲں˸ղǷսһʩչķ
ǵ죬Ӻòװѷſ£ӡǵʱǡôɱժӣ
һͷҵˣǰһӣͰܹʬ˺Ƭɢһأ˻Ѫƺ澭һѪս
˿ôǿߣȻˣ˲˺÷飬ɼΪĽ֮ϣӮļƲվֻͣȡ߲ʷڣȡ·
ڻˣۣΪţȡֵǮ߲ʷڣߣһЦ
⡭˸оûᣬ²ðˣָ֣öԸ˶࣬һˣû⡣
ģͲǷϻ
˰֮ʣȻڴֳһˡ
硢硢ϴ󣡡
˹ÿһͬضˣӺڰ߳˻ѪһϣһһϢиֵѪˡ
ӮĿⱻѪˣһϸֲ˼飬ضˣŵӣɱŵˣ
ţ
һ˼ƤǶɽ綦Ȼɽ޴󣬵޴ɽ֮У˭ҲǵĴڡ
ǰͻȻɱĶˣȻɱŵӡ
ʲôû߻ʵԶʵǣﱾһֺǰֵıأѱ񣬰ػߣطӡ
һλ˲мƺû˷ⱦҪʱǡñǵ֪ɱŵӣΧޣޣЩŵرأǾȻ·һ֣֪
û뵽
һһ£ԭŵأڣȻǰˣ׸նɱˡ
һţֱּɷǡޡ
Աһˣɱ𣺡ϴ˵ôϻɱ˱ǣǻҪ⿪ӡų֣ᷢʱֵҲ·
λҪһѪսԷѹ񣬿϶ӵпȴ׵ʵɣ߶㽣ǾӲȥҲҪȵţʱֻɱǣ
ɣ
Ӯķ֮䣬һɫͰʮ˰Χʣ˷׷ͷǿӮĽй
ţˣɶ׸֡
ΣһؽһأҶƽɽˣǰǿߣҶֻ֪ʩչ㽣󣬼ټ֣ҪɱȥܣͬʱҲӮӣ뵽Ըˡ
󣬺һ׽󣬹ȻϣǱ´Ĺ֣Ըһ·һ̰Ž˵
´Ĺ֣ӮɻߵԿûˡ
ͻȻʲôĹ֣ӣλֵܣ´Ĺ֣ǳǿĴ޶һɱһӶ°ӣ޶
ǿ
Ķˣɽ磬ǿֱǶħ޶ɱ˷ŻӶؼ޶ûץסǡ
Ĺеһ˿ɣСӣһĽףʵǣΪңǿﶼȥãʲôɽ編ƣ
뷣
˵֮䣬ͻȻԱһˣһɲڽ֮ǰȻһִ
䡫
ǻޱȣһȻѽ㽣󣬸ݺݵֹʮˣޱȡ
Ĺɱ˶ħ˵־ͳ֣ɱţűǻųȥ
ҶһӣʮϣʮӣѾţֻһֱ˼⣺һҲҸףµһлᣬҶ˭Ҳ˼˭
ɽ磬淨򣬹׾һ֣ɱ
ɱˡˡֵܡɱáɱˡɱѡɱͬšֻҪϵ޴棬ϵգ˽Ϊһѡѡ˽ѡɱ
ģһ֮
һֶղų֮ˣײؿŽˣ˸ֽңһһȭ
䣡
˿ɽ鱩ǿһȭһƹܶ𶯣ŷʱҪ
ᣡ
˸ܵһδսĹӿܣоʱᱻ¶Ĺȡߣû취ֻͷӮһ˿ƽ׸ֿ⣬ȥ
ι֮󣬲ŷֽ㽣ԶԶԤ֮⣬ԭΪӮĵ˾һȺᱦߣͨ뷨ι֪㽣ͬ졣
һӡ
죬ҶɵһӣѾȥɵڶţڻʣ߿ӡ
ʮǴʮɣҲֻСһֲ֣˶á
ȥһҪȥǰ취һûиֻ·һ
ҶһӺһأܸ˾ôҪ취뿪ȴڡ
䡭
ֹ³Ȼײ˱ķϣѱһ飬¶ľȻһѱնɱķ
һʬ塭·ǳۺ񣬵ǿգ֮ͻﵽĽ۷壡
ŷʬ嵹ڱ֮ϣҶȺ޲ȥᣬ޷뿪벽ͻᱻնɱҶʵ޷ӹǿնɱ֮ǰʹ߶ǧͼֻ·һ
ȻΣգҶȻǲŹһ޵ʬ塣
ںȥŻᣡ
ͻȻ֣ɱ˳ĹԶΧ֮ƣƯڽķĹͬʱץסһŷһ׺ϻͨһƳѹ
񡫡
ͣ
׸֣ѳԽӮʮ֣֪ý߽⣬𽣶ʧȥ׹䣬ʮˣ׷³ѪֻӮĿȥܼ֣˷ŷ޷Ƶġ
һҪֳһϡ
ͻȻվ⿪һӡһǿʢ뽣֮УֶΣҲ׷׼ӳֽ
زٲĺԸĹ֣Ĺƿ˶ֻ·һ
ҶҲһӣˣƽ
ɱ֮룡
´Ĺּ㽣Ҹȼƣɢ´Ĺֺݺһۣû뵽Ѳԭǽ˷ɳϷһ룬ʮɣͷޱȣʶ޷֮ȡ
һȻֻƷһǳֲҶȿ룬һ֮С
ƣ
´Ĺָһӡĵ֣ವץס룬ݺݳ¡

ǹķݺײһ𣬿νΪâĿֲײˣڽ֮Уʮ˿Ǳ˰ö˯һһ£̫ࡣ

´Ĺָʮ˻ᣬȻͷŴǿʢ룬Ž㽣ɢҲ߽⣬ֱ֮ӽ֡
ȻֻƷ㽣ȴ´ĹںϣԷӵ£ײ£ռϷ磬Ҫ¾ƽ㽣ǲܣϾ㽣֮ϡ
ʱ͹Ը߼Ҫԡ
үүͲţƲ⽣󣡡
ʱһȥ˫϶γɲϲµ״̬´ĹһζըˣŵӶնɱڹŻޣڣȴ޷ʮû취
ּǿֶΣɵʼӳָǿԦ룬㽣ʱҡʱ£ֻҪолᡢбͻ죬ݺݵع
´Ĺַˣڵˣȴŷ𿴵һ˿ϣ֣Ҫһգ´ĹֻæңޱȻޱ޼ʣʵʮûһơ
ϴЩ˶ҪǶȥҪƽ⽣ֻһ취ͻȻ´ĹеˣڰжԻ
ٶû˷֣Ϣ
ۡ
ֶԳֺóʱ䣬Ȼ´Ĺһˣƺ͸֧޷룬㽣һѪ˳ȥһ¶
ӣ
ڼۼ⣬ͻƿڣ˼ˣջͷɳ󣬳ƴȥ
ӮһԾֹ̻Ҫмƣ
ҿȥ
սֻʣӮġɡࡢҶˣڰݷڵᣬŹ뽣󣬶ʱߡ


542 ͯ
ЩҶ̲סһ
һҪȥƶǲһϣҪ֣һֻƴһ
ӮĻһץͰѽһڣýӡס˱ͷƽ㽣󣬰ѽΧС
ۡ
ۿҪڣ֪ӰһһȭͽһУ˺顣
ֱǴףԴףȻⲻһж޷һб˺÷顣
ϵˣ
һӰ˸룬һֱֱһ㣬Ͱһͷ­ã˾ôװ䡣
ϵˣߣȥ
ʣˣλͬ޷֮´ĹնɱĶ͸ˣеӼߣʱ߾ӡ

ͻȻֻһ´̴λţ֮ˣװ˵ĶˣѴ֮ɱˡ

ӳˣۿˣӮġɡࡢҶȿ˳겻ѣ̳һ˻ֵԦ˹ȥ
ŵɥ˻һ㣬ƴȥͻȻԼ޷ƶһ޷ƿѹʱ޵ȣӣң

´Ĺһߣһˣһȭʹ壬һ˾Ȼһ࣬ұ֮ϣһƤ
´Ĺ֣һϽе綾Ы뷨¶ڲ߽⣬һնɱ
Ҷап֮࣬ǰܼ֣´Ĺ֣ܼʮж漣
һɣһȭʹһ࣬ꡣ
´Ĺϴɲ˸ڽǰӸ£ͷһֲƣȺ󻹸ţǣ˳⽣Ҳȡ
ǲ
ӮɡࡢҶȣϢޣֻܷ֣ǺȥһʲôֶΣ

´Ĺֿͻأӽݺݹý͵ҡڣͬʱò¡
Ҿ硢ʵ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ٲֶΣһƽ٣ܻųȥܣתǰһץͰѷʬ壬뽣֮С
ɿʵϵܣҪ
ֵһħԶޡӮӣ׼ã
ҶȺݺչָץڷͷ­֮ϣ߶һĻˣһȻԴԴϱҶϴֱӴ뽣֮С
СǸ̥ȻͨǴﵽɵۼܣҵֵܣѾȫնɱ
´ĹһƺҲڳסһһ𿰱ȴ׵ޣͬȾĴɣܡ
Ӯƽ㽣󣬽Ȼٴαܶһʱ´Ĺ֣û뵽ɣ֮У־ʿһ²ȣǾʹȥ
𡫣
´Ĺݺɽ꣬ɱǿߣһ·ʲôնһһɹᱻλŷǿߵͷ˻ֶմĵǿץһδι
Ҷ֣಻ţһ֮
ӮĿƽ㽣´Ĺ໥֮ʣͻȻҶߣҶȵͷһӡһŹϵϢע뽣֮УȻںϽ֮Уڿ֮С
ⷬٶȻ´ĹֿһüͷΪɵĺȵСҪ
¡
ݡ
ܶһ𶯣ĸΪͷŽ㽣Ϊ֮ͬ´Ĺֹ
ֶΣҰһڣ
ܶǸֻ֣Ϊ֮Ҷ𺳣ͨԲͨʩչȻǵõϹŴУ츳ͨ
ԽԽأҶȾ֪ͨҪһ˾Լֲסãʩչһ㣬һַԴԴϳӿ롣
ɶ񡭡Щ󣬾ȻôѲ
ܶڲռ䣬㽣ѲΨһǣķռ鶼ǸΪǧ֮ɣݺݹ´Ĺ֡
ⷬͨľϵľԴԴϢ಻ϣͨ޵УֻҪľ֮أھʩչ߶ľתΪ
û뵽λСֵܳ桭ӮĿƽ֮ǰʩչӡݽߣҶ࣬Ǹм
ҷģֻҪܼȥǾϣлҸ״ˣӡһȻܺɨ´Ĺ֣ľͷʱһǲӳȥնɱ´Ĺ֣
Ϊ֮УΪߣҳҵĴӣӮĶ¶һޱЦݣлг䲻ʤֶΡ
ֶΣӮҲôģɳԼΣ֮أȡ
ģһȺ󡭡
´ĹһüֱҪԭƣɱˣΪʣ˳ԱնɱԤ֮У̫Ҷ˿ƱٱԵȴԴݿ֮ͷųǿ
ֻܶռֶɱǡ
ĹְѽΧһ֮Ȼ֣£ȫӿ֮Уһ޵Ϣ֮˸
ã´ĹҪɱﵣҷǳֲ֮
ӮļƲٰϣҶȡࡢϣ֪˶ƴȫǾȻץһ֮˫ٴʩչһ콣
ƣ
´Ĺַ·õһϹͨͻȻݺݷһΪһϵıģƳն¡
㽣𽣣׷ָˣʱϣɣͬٲ졣

رĵ𽣷籩ײһ𣬽𽣷籩Դ·磬ɢңȴһ㲻ֻǱ´Ĺֲֿѹͻͻͻ顣
´ĹʵֲǲɱҶȿⳡ֪´ĹѾشӮģӮĲóֶΣ˶
ø´Ĺ֣ҿűɱŵӣǻл·𣿡
ӮĲУۿҪ飬´Ĺ־ҪɱУ֪֮Уһ
´ĹͻȻ֣ɫ޽ţŸ֣
Ѳ⣬û뵽֮ʱ氾Ÿֳ֣ӮġɡҶȡ˿
ӡ
´ĹֲǿۿһʱɱҶˣ޷ȥ߱תͳڼٷȥ
գ
Ӯһ֣ѽ㽣ģˣλֵܣҲߣȻǲᱦģŸ֣һҲͲЩɶǣűͺǿ󣡡
˵ĺܶԣҲɱ飬ӣҶȺ޳Ӯ̳ⷬڴȥ
㡭
ϼɽٲ⣬һٶλŵӣ뾲Ưڰգǰվһ꣬Ȼһͷţϣһͯһ㣬û˿Ϣ
´Ĺָշɳٲ㲻ǰһ˶ŵӣǶǴһ׵׵ǿߣҴֶ̫Σ´Ĺ־ˣҲŽ
Ĺеϴ󣬾ηؿţϵ꣺ͯ棿
ң
국ӦһһһƬѪȣŵӵѪɱ´Ĺ֣ûɱҵĵӣٲµıҶǰõһϹŷϧ̫£ҷӡѹǵӵ󣬾Ȼͯķ
ͯ棬ôûȡֻѱ񣡡һ˲ƽ˵
ͯЦݣ磬һţͷ¶һЦݣǳҵţ
ֵǣͯĺ˴ӲŹɱŵӣžŹǣӣ
ԣֻӣͯʵǿ󣬴Ǵ߽׾ͷ
´Ĺְ䣬ͻȻüͷһᣬ´Ĺ־ͳĸʩչȫȥ
´Ĺ֣ٶȣΪߣ
ͯ浭Цһһա
꣡
ǰһƬռ䣬Ȼ˲䶳ᣬ´ĹҲɲͣ޷һ£ֻ黹΢΢ͫȫ𺳡
߳߳
ռ䣬´ĹߺȻһѷ죬Ǽѷ죬ռͬһ飬´ĹҲΪһ⣬յ䡣
׸֣ô䣡


543 ն
ףһɽǾߣɽҲһǿߣٴɵӣǴһ׵ףǺĵӣҲĽ׶ѡ
ֻͯһ㣬´Ĺֽɱֻ˵һ㣬ͯίʵ¡
ɱ´Ĺ֣ͯ޶ݣȻһЦݣ־˵ɱɵġ
ٲ֮ڣڶڵˣӮġɡࡢҶȶֹͣ˺ͯʵʵ̫ǿ
ɽ͵Ӯӣ⡢ͯʲôˣȻһоɱ´Ĺ֣ʵ϶Ǵף
Ҳûžɳ̫ңԶҸ״ˣҲδȥţܸоͯһ߽׸֣Ҹ״ˣΪҪһݣ
ӮɲǼ˵ȫ𺳡
ǲʵؿҶȡһۣҡҡͷʧ䣺ʵǸĪ⣬û뵽ͯ棬ȸҪǿһ֣Щͽ״ɣֻ˱Ϣնɱ
ʱ˿̣ǿɣӮġҶ࣬оʲô֮Ǿߵ
ǶɣٲֻһͰǸɱˣ
ͯŷ͸ӦһУţϣ˵
ǰ
ӮġɡࡢҶһһɳٲһۼͯ棬͸оضԷƿأͯǰϰŵǰͯʩ
ͯ桭
ҶȰɨǰһƽͯͯ棬΢΢սԷ̫ǿ˽룬Ҷȶûаܴ߶ǧͼӹͯǿ󹥻н⿪ڲӡʱ׼֡
ĽףɾСӡǺǣǵҲֶΣȻ´Ĺ־ôãʱ䣬ҲôϹ
ͯƺûɱʲô˼Ӯģһ´Ĺֶ·磬ĸҵˣ
ǰֻһɢޣ
ͯʣӮĴʱŵͣû취ֻεķԼݡ
仰ÿɡࡢҶȶһ꣬ӮɳǴңӮһҲǸ߸ϣǿ֣ҲֻܱᣬܰԼ˵ǵ꼰Ӯ
ӮȻҪɽһ飬ſɲǶɽʵءɽĴڣɽ˭Ҳҵţɽ̫Ҳˡ
ΪԸɽ硣
Ӯĺ֪֮˵ӮǰʲôһɳǣҲʱռ졣
СӣĻ
ͯͻȻɫһ䣬ɱӣȻ˱壬ĹǣԭҪǣǾˣŹǼ壬˱ɣ

˶ʱһû뵽ͯ澹Ȼ֮УҪײС
Ϊ赲ͯϣҾͲԶǳ֣ЩеӣǶ֣ǻӣͯϳһЦ
ಡ
ӮġɡࡢҶȷŷ׼ãͬ´Ĺһ㣬ĸͬߣʱӰ
˼ͯһ֣һٶһ룬˲䳯ĸ׷ɱȥͯŻţбϢ
úãˣʱ򡭡ţ̫ʢղնɱӣǲģ
գۣҶȾͷϼɽһƬ֮ϣһʮλɣȫŵӡ
ʣӡ
ҶȻһץӳģһץ칭ֳƷħҪҶͻ˾״̬£ͷնɱɵ
СΧס
ŵγһŴҶȰΧΧˮйͨҶȴʱһӣͻȻżɣ칭
찡ǡǡǾƷ
ŵӿɲһˣǸɽ糬вʶǼ칭Ʊ͸Ӧ칭֮
Ʒ찡ƷֻиɽŴڣɽһ£ָ߼ڣǹȻѡˣСӵôһһŴ׵ӰԵ˵
ಡ
ҶһЦЩ˸֪Լж죬ȴ߶칭һʥǹ˳ȥ

¡
ʥǹһ̣ɽռ侹Ȼ飬Ų赲ʥǹ¡¡ŵӣǷ̱߽⣬֪칭ϧûгͳͳ칭֮¡
칭ȻҶȵĹʥǹӲ
ãСȻɣȴôµǲҪ֣ʦԸ
װ֣ͻȻɱһҶȡ
ס
Ҫｻ֣´Ĺֱ̬ڣҶȴаգڴϣץһʥǹٴһ
ƣ
Ӷ˺󣬿Űֱ֣һڹʥǹ֮ϣ챬ըûҶӰӡ
ʦղʦܴϢһɣӵһƷɱǼλʦܣʦ֣
֮ϣһͯߣűϢ˵
ΪʦѸӦûϵ֮УСΪͣǿ⣬⣬ƷҲûж٣뿪ΪʦȥСץס
ͯޱ̰ɫһ㲻ͯݣ¶աթ񶾱顣
ɽʮƷɶʹƷƷ֮ŻʹƷƷʹõľǾƷʮƷһƷź䶯
ɶСӡ
ըһ׸֣ǱɳζըȻһûа취
ãӶһգʩչ칭ôնɱͽ״ɣΪ̫޷նɱ׸֣
Ҷץס칭߳һҲ´ǿߣֻΪԷʵ̫࣬ʼ޷ﵽ״̬
ңʮӣֻӮĵ˴Ľסססһ׵Ȳ̶ȣֻдһ׶ѡ
Ҷ൱һ׵ӣ߶칭ҲնɱɶסףĽ׶նɱοס
ǣҶԼһףɴ߶칭նɱ׸֣ͯҲ˲նɱ
Ŵ׸֣ڨڨЦСӣǴѿǱֲڰɣϧ̫ô߶ƷҲ޷ʮ֮һó׸ң㲻Σ
㻹ΪҲ֪ʲôСӣΣǰҲʲô
ҶȸѶԷȻ׸֣ɶ޷ܣʲôɡ
룬˵Щ˼£
ͻȻ֮гһţһ꣬ʣͻȻŻţʮλŸ֣ա
ʦ
ŵ̹ӭ
Сӣ֮УΪһӵֶΣû뵽ȴ㣬ԭһãƷҽҪˣóûʹȥΣ
ͯ治ЩӷУֱƮҶǰڿԳ֡
ǿ߸еķ緶ɱˣҲɱ
ҶȺȻͯ棬¶һ˿ͣϧҾ̫ͣúöһͷ­ժ
ƾ㣿ӵͬĴ߽ΪҲ֣󱲣ġж־ǺõģǲҪäĿøԶɽ˳ǲɽж֪ܵģ
ͯ浹һ𳤱ѵ
ͯ棬Ϊץסңң
Ҷʩչǧͼ֪Ľס֣ʱʱƿնȥûھߡ
СӣԶ֣ɱ㣡
ͯͻȻҲãǰСӣƺ治򵥣꾭飬̰Ҷնɱ
ʱˣ
ͯҪ֣ҶһҪƿնȥ
ݡ
ڴʱһɫ󵶣ճͯնͯͻȻŵҪߣƺ֪Ƕ֡
ͣ
ϧٶûͻĴ󵶿죬󵶷ŷܴԽռ䣬ͯոһ󵶾Ͱ࣬ͬţҲһͬΪ
磡
Ҷ˷ܿա
ʦȻˡӰʮ֣նĴ󵶣ͯնɱŵöʱܡ
һȺϣ۸ֵܣ
ͻȻһֻһһ˾;ЩŵӣǴһ׻Ǵ׷׷˾ͻΪ촷ۡ
ôӣգ۶ˡ


544 ɶϱ
ֵܣ
һˣһץͰһɴץģͬսҶ֮Уն졣
նһֱۣͰѴץģҶ¡
Ҷӭȥռ棬Ҷȼ磬ûߣ
ˣֻˣ
նһ㣬տɢһƣ̬ǲŸո˯ѣҶʵӦһֵ˺е㲻ģͻˣ
ҶȴʱˣźȻһˣгƣϧ׽̶ȡսףն죬Ҷбŷ磬ǶЩʱ򣡡
նʼ򣺡ûʱ䣬ֻǲ㣬һ·УȥܶӡӦһкܴ
ţ
ɲǼ䣬նһ·бҶȷĸжѣָоǼиĸһ㣬նȫֵܣֵܡ

˲Ϣ֮䣬նʹҶȳٲǰһΪҫٲ
طҲһأֵܣ㲻ڴУ룬һջǿӡʲô
ҲһƬܶ޴鵽ǣնҶͬãһͳһľ޶֮ϣһϷӡԲΣһ棬вٷӡ˸С

նʳָָɲǳһâŷӡһ뷡ǿѷӡʱһаħ
̫⣡
ҶͻȻһץֱ̫ӷķӡ̫ħɣһץӡ֮УȻץһϱۡ
ԭһɰ˽ǿߵֱۣɽ罵ĸ֣֮նɱͯõֱۣĥħԣȻõҩںϱۣп޺ܳʱ䣬̤ɰ˽ף
Ҷץסϱۣѹħԣɳ֮ʣնĿһһ
ͯǴ߽׸֣ɽ缸޵Уﵽƿ˽״ֱۣҪ˽ףϧˣֱ̺ҴӮʮϻȡʮӼһ𣬻Ҫǿʢǧ
նһҶиϸϸһϱ۹Ȼһħһ֣֮ȫħĥ˲٣ֱͯ滹Ҫǿ󣬲ǰ˽׸֣߽˽ʮǧ
ͯ뿿Լͻƴɰ˽ף̫СͨҩҲУǾֶ˽״˽ףͯУҲṳ̂˽ס
ֵܣԽ㣬ȻװħѹƣʱҼū֮ʣоһиʣ
Ҷգ۾ͰѶϱѹħԣӡն춼һɻ
ʾǣ
ѶϱҶȿն졣
ն쵱±ʵʱ㷲֮ѹסūūɲħǱħӿֲĵ飬Ǵ磬ҪƵҲǺѵģǴۣۿƵ΢Щ
Ҷȵ⣬ն˼ϸ壺磬Сܲ𣿡
ô繲棬࣬ǿѹһЩĳۣҲԿƵˣʹȥ˦Щ鷳֮ǰʩչһƣӡŵ޷Уմ˵취ӳȥ֪
ǺǣղžǴ粻֣ͯҲΪ㣬ˣ

նػһʧ֮ܶУҲ죬ȥҲ졣
أ
ҶȾ͸оһưӡûʵ޷ͻƽƣҪɱܡ
ůָоˣҶȱһᣬȻһ޵ĸоҪܹ¶޷
̫¯
ܶգһһ޴ȼյ̫¯֮г֣ʱܶһͬˮӿ̫¯ʱͱΪ̫һ̫¯ڲγ
֨֨
ܶЩ󶳽ı顢ʯڿʼڣҲʼڻðȻ档
̫¯룬ܿͳֳӻ֮£ǵ֮ӿԽɽĴɽֱһһӿ̫¯ܶ¶Ҳڽ½
Ҳ֪Ӯġɡܷŵ׷ɱУһ֪̫޼˻뾻󷨹ãҶ֮гּӰЩġ
ţ
ֹȥãҶȺȻܵһŷڴնõȼơ
ٲ֮⣡
ô£
ʮŵӣķۼƺ֪ͯ汻˲ɱϢٲһ޽˻
һǿߣɻ󣺡ĪʦõĽƣʦбչأҪͻƴɰ˽ף
ŵһסˣһ˵ⲻʦϢҲоʦʦֵϢĪǡʦ뿪ܶռ죿
֮ʱڴ˲Уһߵȴʦһ˵أǱʦ˽׵Ĺؼһ̤ɽ֮Уʦӣ̤ɽ磬Ҳ׾٣
ǰֻнףӵоŵĵӣܽɽ磬Ҫ߽ףֻϧʦһλɽ糤ϣŲŲòʦ˽ף̤ɽţ

ʮλǿ֣ʹ˲󣬰ٲӡ֮УʼУõˮйͨӶɳ
ܣ
Щŵӵ˼û뵽ͯΪ޷̤ɽ磬ɵҲ̤߼ɽ磡
߶̫¯ܶҶȲδУע涯Ҳܴ⣬Ȼն첼ýƺһɱǾͱ˼Ұ˽ӡ
ҶŵһһЩƶ˸˽⡣
Ȱܶȫգ뿪صɳǣúýָУָڲռʱ䷨һǧһһǧ꣬һꡭ˾ָʱ㣬ǧ꣬ҾͿԽۣ
ɶϱۣ
һҶȾͰѶϱץס˫ִһӡܿ龻ֳҶǰ˲ѶϱС
Ǵɰ˽ȥ̫ѣ˻龻֣ü깦򣡡
ֿʼ۴߶̫¯ջ龻ɶϱۣɰ˽ҪףԽҶҾ̫̫࣬ңԶ
ʱһһȥʮ꣬ܶͻȻͷһ޹Ⲩ
ϱΪһӡ
޹ⲨɢҶȾϲſۣ龻֮У˴ɰ˽׶ϱ֮⣬Ưһӡ
ӣǷͬ죬Ȼ޷ǿŴʮᲢۣҲһɰ˽
ץסӣҶڲ˷֮ɫӣҶһգͻס׶пܣһͷţת߶칭˵ʲôͯ棬һɰ˽׾ͷҲˣ߽´ɣնɱ
ڻնµһŴʮӣҶȾӵŸ߽״ӣֻҪɾŽסʮ־ͷҶȶݺᣬҶǲӣһʹãִûоֶΣͻ֮Σ
ӣҪΪֶͷʹãʱգҶȾҪ̤ɽ磬Ѱֶ죬ʼУɽ϶ǱȶɽΣյ磬ӣǡöҶ˵Ҫ
ಣ
ģҶȾͰѻ龻ģȻ͸֧ĴɶϱץУǺǣʧȥɰ˽Ѫ˵Ҳıڻ
ָһץֱӰѴɶϱ۾ѪѪ֮Уһ̣ҶȸоѪƺַ΢仯̺
Ҵɰ˽ѪȻǴޱȣҶ壬ʼգһ׳٣Ѫ֮ͯ˿ɶϱۣʵдɰ˽Ȼﵽ˽״̬һ̤ɰ˽ס
ֻϧһиͷҶժȡӡ
ɶϱ˲ӻΪ촷ۣʱҶȸоԼʱͻסףƺﵽޣͻƣҲ޷ɸֻͻƣ׳ܼ
ɲȻصɳǣͻƣ
ҶȻ־Ͱ̫¯ץǰϸϸһЦһۺ˼飬¾ͻףٰЩ룬Ƭ̾Ҫﵽ۷塭
̫¯򣬿ܶ·¶һҲȣҲ࣬ҶЦЦһٲڣնµĽƣҶ뿪Զʧ
Ҷȿǰ󣬻һŵӣôӡڣѹһˣǶ˵һҲûУ

ҶͷŴǧͼ˲䴩ռȥ
Щӣ˿ûзڼش󣬶ͷᷢпһˡ


545 
ڹŻ
ţ
һǵ蹵֮УҶȻΪһɽУץסһȻ˴Χɱӳ
뿪ϼɽҶȾķ֮УӦϤۣӮĵʧɢӡǣҵǵ蹵ɽ
֡Ҷֵ֣ܴѲɹӳ׷ɱΪ˱ܿţһϻɳǣҵ뾡صӮֵܵ㣡
ڶһҶȴ̾Ӯһ˿Ҷƿӣ̺
龻֣
߶һϢڶչץһע֮У龻ֿʼע֮Уһʱ䣬ҶȾ͸оӻ龻͸Ϣϧ޷׽ֻл龻ֿԲ׽һ㡣
ϣû£ӹ˽٣
ִʮУҶɡߵҲˣɸֱѪС֮
͡
Ȼڻ龻֮п߹һ飬Ҷʧ̾ɻزˣ
ɢȥ͵ڿ˴ӴսᣬɽҲûˡ
޳ģ龻Ҳֻܲ׽һ˿ˣ޷ˣҳһ񣬸ıƣƿأĪġ
𣬼Ȼ޷ңȥɣ͸ȥ޳޳֮ץסһ˿Ӷûʹ࡭
޸п޳Ҷ̫ᣬٻ֮ҶȾ޷ˣʹĲѣζһξ㹻ˣӵǿʵܱ֤һ㣬ǿʵϣܴӻ龻֮Ͽ͸ˡ
ৡ
ҶһưɽǵɳǸϻȥȻҶһ˳ջˣҪһɽߣ̫ΣգǴﵽɸ߽ףɣʸڶɽݺᡣ
ҶĿֶ죬ڸߵɽ磬ǿߣϰڵĺɽ硣

ɳǣӮ
֣һƷ赤Ǹ״ˣʹ͸ֵܵģ
ӮڣһľصԺУӮһۣżλŮ澴ӵ£ԺӣɣŷһŲ࣬Ӯץһ赤ǰ
ӣ̫Ʒ赤ڶɽ綼棡Ͻӭӡ
¶ʯǰ£Ů澵裬ӮЦ֪׼٣ͻɾŽףʮԲ֮һ֮ңƷ赤㣬ôرɷ򣬿ϧҸҲûмƷ赤ٶһţ̤ɾ͸ָտɴ
ֲ̫̾жһѹ£ԭҲûаգйһ赤бޱģ
ˣ꣬пֵҶֵϢӮϸɫüͷ
ڹŻɳǣҪʮʱ⣬λֵһڻ;֮ϣ
ǾͲҲҪȥ߲ʷƽչΣ֣ʲôֱӸֵ˵ǣ
ӮһŴ뿪
˼üʼԺ֮У

䡫
һʯƽԭ֮УŷǱˮߵʯƽԭеʯȭͷеʯȴһɽӴ
ʯǰһͷȻײʯھʯѨ֮УһͷСޣ־ſֲޣӴƺҪײʯԵеޡ
޼ս
ͻȻڰһ˫۾һֱڶһһ۵΢΢֮ͣʱͻȻץ׹ıһնš
͡
޼ս޼᲻֮ƣǿնţ̴࣬׹˸£Ҷ˳ָץסͷ­һ֮Уӡ
ǵھͷޡһ̤ס׸ףްж٣ϧʵֻ̫͵ϮɼޣҲֻķݣ
ޣҶȸʯ϶֮ھһͷɵͽʵޣֵͼ޶˵ã߶նϡ
ǰǻɽ˻ɽʮɳǡһУҶǰͳһƬĻܴء
ޱ߻֮УҽγɵĻ̾ڴ֮Уնǻ棬ҲصĻȻҽ֮У˾ɽΰ󣬻ҽзɳвҽ̾ᡣ
ɽҶȻδ˲˼飬ڶһˣû棬ֻܸӽϢɽ
ɽûڹŻҲڹŻʮ֮һһлֲֿڣҲǴգһСҲ
ء
ҶϢڻɽһػɽ֮ʱͻȻǰһҵ޽
¡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͼһɽһͷ޸ײһҶϤϤ޳֮С
ޣ
ôƱô죬ǿΪλǱ˿ڣҶȾֵĿŻڻ֮ȫˡ
ಡ
ͻȻʮɴӺ׷ɱһɷΪǴĽ׵ףʵȫڻ֮ϡ
һߣǽüϢ޿⣬ɱںȵޣгǿԲɱ㣬ΪҪɱҲףΪܾˣɣ򡭡
ԭһȺĸ֣Щ˿ɶǾ֣ǵɱ˻ޣȥ֮ٸ·
ʮĽ׵׵ǿߣҶȫ޷⣬ʩչ칭ҲκβȺòСġ
࣬ɵ࣬࣬ǰұƵȳ̶ȣǺãҾͰ׳ȥ޻أ
û·Ӵ˦ɣֻһգ߶ʲôȻΰĻԸ⳼㣡
ҶˣԭΪɽһ֪ݷһޡ
ףڲ֪ң
ӻɽ˷һ޵Ů
Сģ
ԿΪ׵Ĵڸ֣һ֪ɽȻһԽ޵Ŀֲڡ
࣬ڱطˡ
Ȼ֮Уһ羫棬澹ȻʼᣬһŮӰӰԽԽʵһȼպ۵Ůӣʹ˳ǰ
׷ˣԺΪ𣡡
޼Ůӣһ޴ȻΪһ꣬Ůӹ£׳
úãǧԭ֮Ѱ㣬Ҳ㱣й
Ůһ֣ΪεĻվͱŮ壬Ȼͷŵ档
ãǴ߽Ϊӡ
ʮּ˲Ͱִ֮пΪŵתߡ
ӣףǰУһ
ŮڻŷΪﵽ߽״̬ɶ٣޵еĴڣͯͬΪ߶޳ʮ׷ɱȥ
Ƭɽն¸߲ƣһһ£ͻᱻ֣ǵѽջأ뿪
Ҷ̤ɣôӦͬСɣƺ֮Уɽһ˽ƣϢΪ棬ɽΪһ壬ǷǳľͨӮҲ޷ӳȥ
ͯ涼ɽͷʵֲʱ̤ɽ磬һֱݷɽΪľǲ׳ʵȡǿ״̬ɽ磬һɽ編ѹȾͻٺܶࡣ
ɽȶɽǿ飬ڵҶ̤ɽ磬һһζޱȼѡ
뷣
ͻأ֮䣬һƿƣֻסʮɣһˣʱ䣬ЩɿɶǶɽǿߣȻ³
Щ΢࣬͸Ŭɣ˭ҪǲҾʹ߶Ԫӡǣɱǣ
һץֻ·ҽڣһ湬Ȼҽ֮𣬻Ϊһ⣬ɫ֮С
ʵʵٺúðǾҪʲô޳ɫͷһ⣬ӹɳһɣȻȫ޲µľ֡
Щ֣ǻ¡
ʱ뿪ˣ
û뵽ع;УȻ־żʶɽɽȻգ֪ڶͯ־ǿߣûǿʵͻʮɣΪū
޷ѳ
Ҷ߶ǧͼɰѴһɫɫҽ֮󣬻ɽָֻƺһжδֹҲ֮ɢȥҶȲٵ黯Ϊ뿪Ƿ֮ء


546 
գ۾ȥ
ɳƯڲãϿգƲȺɣķ׵ʱʱ˳ɳǣһԴɽɱ¾֮ʱɳǸƮ졣
ڰȫﵽ
վͷһ৵شƣǴӻɽһ·񱼶Ҷȣɳǽǰŵһѽʧ
ⲻӮһֱעĸ𣿡
֪ͨӮ
سˣһҶȣƺϳʲôӭҶȽǡ
δҶߵӮֻӮʹʮˣӳǳҶһ̣Ӯĸ˲ѣҶϵܣˣ
Ҷ̱ȭӣ֣
һأķ˶֣߳һҶǰֿķʵҶ֣ϰ֪꣬һôûиһ
ˣҶҡҡͷ˻һӮͬʱһ̾Ϣ

ӮһʧϴҶȳӮȥҶȴʱоһνɳǣȫһһΪɽȷкܶ෽㡣
Ӯ
ҶֵܣԺԺԺӣҸ״˽ͣһƷ赤ʮƷʯʮƷһƷ
һģ󣬵мɽƬƺԺԺڣӮҶһһܣȻóһöзĴ佻Ҷȡ
л
һµõôôҶҲΪ⣬ʮƷʯԹһӵжɽﶼ԰Ӫկһߵ˵һһƷ
Ʒڶɽ磬ɾӣһɣʹöƷƷԽƷǶǴңǴɵӲʸӵС
ȥǾƷ赤Ҷ˵ôƷƷ赤ҩʮֹǡҶȴҪͻƽݣ赤ѩ̿
һμ񣬻ͣϴӴ˻Ӯϱκ˵Ƕ
ӮϸܵźһУ֮ʱֽҶ֣ʹ˺úУʲôͶǣˣֵҪǿǣһͬСɽ磡
Ҷһɽ磬֮ã˶ʶʶɽ磬ҲŹǧѷĻᣡ
ӮĵԭҪ̨ͨ䣬ȷѪڸ״ǰҪ
лӣһջᣡ
ҶȹӮ뿪Ժ䣬ϳЦݣɽ硭ξӮҼŮɽ磬ҺûҪʮʱ䣬ҿھָУȡͻɸ߽ף
¥֮УһԺӡһκξٶᱻҶȸ֪
ָ
ĳһӰ¥ǲӡգҶȾͻΪһ⣬ָ֮У¥ԺӶڷӡ֮г˯
˲Ϣ֮䣬⻯Ϊ⣬ӵҶǰ·Ǿ޴ĹϷ̳ʯʬǡʯ͸ԣʰ쵣һΣǳʮɡ

ɲҶɽʱ䷨ھռʱշ£һһѹ˿̿ʼҶһǧ꣬粻һꡣ
԰ϧϧϷ̳̫ǿʢΪҪЩԣϰңǴﵽ۾磬ſԣ
̳֮ϣŷԺۺɽǧ򱶣ҶΪصԣײࡣ
ڿԾúУ̫¯
һ̫¯Ҷٻ֮£ͷųƯ̳֮ϣ߶¯㿪ʼȼգʼ̳
̳ɣҶСΪԿԼȥգֻ̫¯ȥȻҶڴ̫¯֮ȡɡ
ΰһ̳ǴۿҲ޷գǲ󣬲пա
ҶȾ̫¯Աߣ̫¯̳Ҷ̫¯ڲ̫һõ̳ӳ֣̫һ̺֮ԽԽ嫣ԶγԷ֮С
̳̫¯Ҷγѭھռ䣬ʱú壬һʮꡣ
͡
ŷ˯ͣҶڳһΪƽٻ棬ʼӿȼգƽٻ¯Ż֮жγɡ
ף
ۣͫȻԣŷҶȾһ
֮ͨҶھѪϸ̺ǿԣƽٻ֮Ҳԡ
ƣ
һȭԱһ˻¯֮ϣһȭƽٻ¯ƣһ̣Ҷȸоȼգȼա
֨֨
ԾȻĦڷڣҶȾ飬ҶȲֹͣͻƣΪײӦû˿µ״̬
һ飬ҶȴʱҲ޷ֹһ̫ԣԸ
飬ڿԽٲŻ֣ɽɣɽ
Һǿڻ̫⡢޼˻׿ƣ֮ܡ֪֮Ҫܣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȶ޷飬ֻ飬ϪˮһҪ֪Ҷ֮ҪһͨȻҪ飬˭Ըͨԡ
飬ҶҲ޷ƣֻ飬ԸȻŲ̳֮Уصġ
ģǸڷˡɽˡ޷ֻ֪вſԣҶȴһֿΪõ񼣴Уӵ޵־Կκġ䡣
ˣЩľȻޱյ編ţӷӡ䷨󷨣Ȼ֮
ǰҶһеġԭ繦󣬸涼Уһٿȫ飬ҶʣصĽܡ
ԭҲֺܺܶ࣬Ҳо֮֡
ʥۡ񣬶󾳽粢ˡ˽ݻ֣²вϲΪ׼񣬾ͷ²вϲ񣬶Ҳȥ֡
ٲȻҲ󾳽ͬ
Ҳǰʥۡеȼ֣֮ͨʥܳǾѰ綼Ǿ񣬲žǴ˵еĹû˼
ϧҶ̫޼˻ȫûգ޷ǺֵȼȻͿжϳʲô֮£󷨹Ӧʥ֮
֮УҶȿ̫࣬Ȼ˽ˣŷѾԻ˴գһվۣ֮֮С
ʱҶ֪еĿģյʲôǾ
񣬸Ҷȴ֮˽⵽̫ʷ֮Уδֹȴǿٻ硢ĴڣҲ˵ﵽ񣬾ͿԵ棬췲硢ɽ綼ԡ
ģ
ҶɲǼһָоŷʵڵģĳɽʱգʱգʱգǷ磬޴ڣ˴ǧ磬ȴ˼
ʥۡ磬۶Ҷ˵ңɼ󣬸ã
ǧ񼶹ٴθ
ҶԺ֮УǶޱյҶȴż㣬ҲʮҪٲȱڣɼһޱߵ硣
ʮôףҶȷд󲿷ֹԶȾ󷨹Ҫ߼ʥ󷨹̶ֻ֥
ԭһԺصһɽ磬ɱңȡ󷨹Ҳˣһ׵ͼǲȱģû˿ֵ
Ҷȼʮ룬ִ󲿷ֶ۹Ǻһ֣Ϊ磬²вϲЩ֮Ҳз²вϲ
찡Ȼֻȫӡûеһ磬ӵʲô޷Щ񹦷
ѵҲв١
ײ˼ӵˣǴ˵񹦷˿֤ǴڵģĿǰֻһֽͣڵĸ߶ȣ޷ȥ
޵ۻȻӵʮ
ҶһƬƣԿ϶пۻֻӵʮ
Ȼһʥôӵ
絽ʲôǹ⿿ȥ϶Ǹ硭
ҶȻ޷ȫĶϣֻʮ֮һҺܶĶ޷ȥͣһƿģҶȲŻ˽⡣


547 
Ȼ顭
Ҷתһǧꡣ
һǧꡭ
ʱ䣬ҶȻ̲סһ£ʱ䣬ʮ꣬궼δйһνͻףͻΪǧ꣬ǧ꣬ʲôҺǾռ䣬ʱ䷨ڻǰѡ
ûоָҶҲ޷ǧ꣬ôչУҲ԰֮Իǧ꣬Ϊ̳֣ԸҶ޷ȥı䣬ƣûоָҶҲӵԸᡣ
̺ϵģ˶һ֣Ҷεõᣬ󶼻Ľ
һ֮ҶͲ壬壬飬ȻǴ۽ҲҪǧꡢɡ
ҶȲŲһǧѣ
ٶͷţڸоһһģ塭
ֹȥܳʱ䣬ҶȲŷ尲ֹ̫ͣԶ߷ԿʼҶȴ˿̸оյģʲôûС
ԹԿʼҶһƮƮ˯ĸоӿϸ⡢ԡ֮Уһë֮ƮƮȥ
Ҷʶʼ˯̱黹ҪҶȸ޷ȥƣֻܷԶܳɹ
ʶ沨˿Ư̳֮У˯ڰգۣ̫¯ڰ̫һҲһͬӿ룬ʱ˿̣Ҷһգ档
һ꣬ҶȻظоһůȫĹԣڵʶѣȻȻԣ̫һҲ֮ǰͬ򱶣ʥ
һʥģԵĹͷţÿһôȥɣŷһ޴磬ʲô󡢺һӵԵľ޴磬֪Ҫɶ
ԭҶоͱͬˣҪѺܶ࣬ڣҶҪͻףе³룬Ϊһ׳򱶣ӵԣҪſԽǿ󣬷ΪͻƵƿ
Խ䣬ҪԽȣ޷ͻƣ̫ǿҲһָ
ɽ磬ҲҳһˣҶ䣬ɶ޷ȣܣΪҶѾ壬Ȼûӵ編򣬵飬Ѿǰ
ȻɾͰ֮壬Ҷʵ֮ǰǿףվױըɰ˽סŽ׶޷˵Ҷ֣Ҷһȭ԰״ס߽׶ԶҶȶ֡
˭Ҷǰ֮壬ɵҲ޷ﵽ̶ֳȣɵۻ壬ṳ̂󾳽磬Ͳӵ塣
޸µ̳̺Ҹ־
ɹҶȸо֣Ϳժȡǳһȭ񷶼ҪѣɽӶҪ
ԭͻףû뵽壬޷ﵽ۷壬ﵽҪͻףҪ
˱仯֮Ҷȿʼֱ̳գȻ֮ǰҪٱ̫¯ҲҶҪֻ̫ܴ߶̫¯ա
ҶȾ֮УԷҶȵĹϸࡢԶǲʥ壬Խ壬֮ϡ
һ飬ɾͲ壬Ҷ˵һξ޴ɱ䡣
񣡣
֮УҶȿʼϸϸ۲ƯԪ
ʧΪ񣬽ҶԪ񣬶ָҲûͨ񼣵ͨΪ񼣾ͻΪ񣬿˵ʵûɡ
Ҷ񼣣˵׾µ㼣ʶռ䣬񼣣ֻдﵽ󾳽磬ҶȲſܼ
ֲͬӦʲôܰɡ
״̬£ʶ񣬸оһھͷֻ޵۷壬ࡣ
ҶȻδϸ
𾴣ϸϸƷλ񣬺Ȼһ޻ûԭǽɫȴ˽ɫĳۣҳ滹⣬ҶһҲİ̫⡣
ۣӦ̫ɡ
ϧֻܿϢΣصϢҶԪμУҲ޷ʼһر
Խ޷ڤڤ֮һʹҶҪȥ͸ǽɫɫʥ
ҶȾһֱԪ磬ҪѶȥ͸ȴ޷һֱƵʧΰ֮С
ɶ񣬴۴УȻںϣ
һֱ֮еҶȣȻƤë׶̫һͷţҶȻۣǳޱߣϿ°߲
OO@@ʶȻҶȶ
ôܣҾȻھָռ䣬
ҶȲզУͻȻоĺܸܵӮӦ֮¡
ܰɣҵĻǺʱǿ󣬿Ӯ
ͻ仯Ҷһֱ޷ţ֮УǾȻ֮ǰǿüԪҲӿȣʮǿԼԦ̳
ѵôۿ񣬾ͿĪǡ̺֮֮
ڣ֮ץסһҶͻȻԪеһ˲٣ƺһֿԿܵĸо
Ȼ֮ϣһ֮
һ˻ԽǿԪԽ㣬ԪԼԦƷɽԦɽȵȣҶھͿԪһɽɱˣԪԽǿȻԽǿ
Ԫϣ
ҶȾʹ߶Ԫ뿪Ҷȿʼ뿪ָ¥֮Уŷɳ¥ƯӮϿգӮϴҶǰ͵Ůڴ֣ฮС
û뵽ҵԪ񣬾ȻﵽֵزҲǴɵزЩɶδҵĴڣҵԪ񲻵ǿ󣬻Զͷƿռ䣡
ӮƮҶǼ֣ᱦɱˣû赲
ӮмԪһӮ졭
Ӯһư⣬Ҷȱ㱻ڲǿԪϢ
һж׼𣿱ܼ½ӭС㣡
ҶȽӮ츸ʮ֣վӮǰһձͷɫ԰ף̫࣬˵˻
ӮձͷʩܹܣģѰһ׼ãʱԳ
ձ˫ϸϸ˫ۣгһߣϷ½㣬үиУƺҪƻλ£ǺүΪ˰ȫϷ½磬ҲǵڣҪ׼Ԫ֮Уүˣ
ƻ
Ӯ츸ӵһƺû뵽鷢
үпܳΪ֮ӣ൳𣬶ϣүϴλֳЩү²̨Ӱүû취Ȩƾˣûģ˶㵱жд̣
ɽˣǱ治öԸ
ܹܹģ֮ǰүһ֮Ҫɱңΰˣ
ʱһλŮͻȻһӵƮ롣
øӦӮС㣬ΪĽףΪ˹죬Ϣص
ŮͻȻҶһҺôŮΪˣ޴ɲأֳΡ
ձ֣첽ӭŮӣūݼС㣡
Ůˣܹܹÿ鷳½磬һ·ϻҪ̹
̫Σա
Ҷ˲ߣعҶ
գȻЩɶ޷ҵĴڣҪͻȻ֣ԪҲҪˡ
ԪλҶȻ˫ۣվ̫¯ģϧ̳̫ѹƣͿӡ
û뵽꣬壬оָǲ׺ɣ
һҶȾʹӾֳָͰѾָ塣
塭
¥֮УҶȾ͸о뷲磬ڶ½һץȫ飬ɽҶѹȣҲȻ޴棬Ҷƿѹȶɽ磬Ҷǿ̺˲ԡ
Ҷȴﵽɽ磬ɽ綼ɽѹȣΪҶѳԽˣɽѹȣҶҲ顣
䡭
ڽ֮£ҶͻأһȭգȻѿռһȫһ泩
ϾܵӮٻȥɽ硭
ղĹӮ컹ӮСԻɽ֮УҲһ˳Σķ
Ҷüͷһ壬ΪӮҸֻͣķݡ
ˣ
Ժ˶һнʧ


548 ɱַ
ˣСĹ빫ȥһۣ׼ãǳԶţ
ˣԺ䣬¥ǰ
£ӣϾ͹ȥ
Ҷת¥нƣһһ⣬ģɽ硭ֶɽ糬ɣǰҲ̶֥ҪֶΪصţԵõֶݱ¶칬ô
壬ɾͰ֮壬Ȼ绹ףҶʵѿȴɣȻ޷ܴɣǴҪԸҶȣҲܣܶҶɾ޴в
񣬻죬ʱȥɽ磬ɽ֮󣬱ȶɽ粻֪ΣնٱڹŻյأ洦ǣֶҲ֪ɽδɾҪȥѰңȥ֪ҪΣա
ž
糨Ҷ߳Ժ䣬Ӯȥ
Ӯ
˿ʮĽʮǿߣۼҲУ룬ӮŮĹ죬׼
Ӯļô֣ǿߡ
˽ҶȾͼһϢʮǿǿֲ´Ĺһ㣬һͿ˲ɱǿߡ
Щǿ߶ѱҶȶû⣬ֻҶ˽죬ҶȷĹʮλɣǴΪޱȣϴɽϢ
ʮǿߣĹһΪﵽ۷壬Ӯ컹Ҫǿ٣ƺһ֣ＸʮᱻնɱҴԸĿӥǸ
ƺδĹ֮ӮֹޱȣǿĹ
˾ۼһãڵȴ߲顣
Ҷ̶֣ʮ겻ֵϢȻֵܾͬصĺܣ޷͸оֵޱ䣬͸һޣ̶ֵܶʱͻƣ
Ե䣬ҶһֱϽ̸Ȼͫ˸һ˿˿棬ŷҪ͸ҶΪȴζ޷͸
ڻع;Уõһѵӵ幦Ч޷͸ҵַŷҪɣֻɾŽףһȴﵽʮ۷壬ջ»Ҫˣϲ
ҶԵǫ飬Է͸Ϊȴܿ͸࣬ǵ겶׽ϢҶȶڤڤ֮иӦһҶȺȻһλС㣬ϣ
ֵѵһ֤ͷϢ
ҲλСȥɽԪƺԪҪƻɳĹ½磡Ҷȵһ㡣
Ԫ֣
ɲǼϣ֪֮ҶȲЦȷԤϣֲҪļʮ׸֣Ҷ֣˵ǻȥȥ
Ҷȴʱס˼һᣬҪȥģ֣ʵҪȥɽ磬ҪȥɽһǷлţֻ֮ǲҪȥ˻ˮײܿģڳܻŻˣָ
ȨƶĬˡ
Ǵˣ㣬Ӧûף
ҶӮĶȡ߲ʷףӮǰֻǸͣ˶ѣӮĵѣǹϵӮδһزӮҲò
һ㣬ҶףȻס
лҶ㣬УҲȥӮҲȥֻڳû뿪ɳǣҶ֣ϣһټᣬҸоֵܲһһǣ
ϵ뿪ˡ
Ȼûпֱʧһɽ֮ˣõ۴УҲ۴֮ˣһлټ
Ҷȹʲôû֣һڽ䴦ܿ͸ӦʧӮʮ뿪ɳǡ
֮Ӯھ
Ҷ֣֪䣿
Ӯ⣬ٸֶԾԾԣϾȥɽ磬һеĻᣬҶվڶĩˣȻӮǰʵ
Ҷ֪ӮҪҵ£ȻĵʱͲ֣ôֲҲҪһ𣿹ӣ㻹ȥڻɳǺúң
֪֣ͨ˺ü飬֣ɳɣϧûʱ
Ӯ룬üͷЩɻȻǰӮĹǰֵܹܣ鷳һ·գ֮жչҼСŮ
ĹӵģȵСү飬ӮҾһˣü⣬ūܺү֮С㣬һҲỤСﵽ
ҪúĻĻҵĻҲҪúñãӮֶӮĽ䣬ӮС棬ʮŮ澱š

Ӯһ£ȭĹӮġӮҴС㣬ʮְλĹǱշȥ
ɽ磡
Ҷȿɽ񷣬ɽ磬һȶɽ硣
Ĺ·ڶɽ꣬ŴһƬǳ˸գóһƣ֮Ͽһ֣ĹƴһӡƾͷĿĹҫ񷾡ͷ
һ̣ӮӮ֣񷣬ڴɽ֮ƺζﵽɽ硣
ϧɽ̫߼ʵûдס߽ʵԽɽ磬ҪȻͨĴҪȻɽ˽ͨ½֮˴ɽ硣
˵ȴ죬ĹǿƣȻɢĿҫۣһ֣֮ɲǼ䣬ҫͷһͨٿȻǣ֮˻һ£
ɽڷ仯
޴֮УΧ޾ͨҶȸоܵԽԽŨҵѹȣԽأƺѹһʯԺˣҲһ޷ֻĹĸ֣ӮС̬磬ܸ߼ɽѹȡ
ٿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һ۵Ĺâ޷˫ۣͬռѹһ¶ޱȡ
ɽ磡
ҶͻȻ߶̫һŨɽڣɽ編򣬹Ȼ彥ҲѹӦͼƯɽ֮С
һſգػֱ֣ȡɽƯǧףһĻľӨٲǺ˴Լʡ
ɽ磡
ټΪλ֮˲ڴ˵أ
Ĺתʮ
ɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬δüӦɽ編򣬾ʹ˷һˣһٶˣ˵ͳɱ˹
ãɱڴˣȱС㣬ɱɱˣĹǴ߽׸֣ʲôûɱ˸мһˡ

Ԫɱֽ棬ɱѽѷ֡
Ӯһ£ʮɱʣʮɱ
͡
һĽ׸֣ոӦɽ編򣬲ŷɳʮףͱһɱֵֱһء
㽣
Ӯû뵽ЩɱֺһĽ׸ֱնɱ߶һ𽣳ʮɱȥ
һɱ¾ʹչ
ɱȫǴ׵׸֡
Ҷȳ˲һĽʬְɱʬ룬˲ӣ֮ʩչ޼񽣣ɱս֮С

һӰͻȻסҶȣһץ
˻ƣ
񣡡
ԥҶһŴĽӣʩչĽ״̬İ˻ƣɱֺݺײһƽһƣɱѽѷ֡
Сӣ粻ߣȻʵϧɽ磬ɣ
ɱƺû뵽ҶȻǿͷŴ׿ϢȭøңһҶȹ
Ȼҵ̫ǿ󣬶ҿ԰ѶԷ壬ֱӱ̫һڻ
ҶȸоԷֲÿһȭԼƣ͸оĴȻɱδͱ̫һա


549 ү
Ȼǰ֮壬ǳܴ׹Ƕ˿˿Ӱ죡
֮УӰ໥ɱ䣬Ҷȴ֮зڳצĳ
񣡡
ɱͬӰֳһȭͰҶָ𿪣ʱоƷ飬ͬ˺⣬ңֱۿʼ飬
ɱ֮⣡
ҶȽֲ°УɱָоÿɱҶȣʵÿιҶ֮ϣǲ֪ΪΣĪ⣬ŷ뺣ࡢƺ֮У׶ʧ
ʱɱ˼ҶȲɱȥͻȻһ֣˦һڹ⣬ֻҶȲѸ֮ɱ
ǧͼ
Ҷȸ޷ȭȥѺڹ⻯⣬֪Ǻڹ֮е״ʲô濹⣬ֻܣϧɽܵ谭޷ڹ⣬ֻܴ߶ǧͼΪӰʧںڹ֮ǰ
ৡ
ڹɱգջɱУȻһηޱȣٶȳԽɸ߽ףûǿʵٶȣӹ
ҶȻһץһ׹У޼ս

ɱһ䣬͸ʬһľϢһ˦ηȻûʮιҫҶȰΧɱ

ɲһ׹磬һ׹⽣գҶһһնη֮ϣ޼սȻŷ𿪣Ա߼ڹ߻ɱ
ɶ񣡡
û뵽ҶȾȻʩչ޼񽣣ηһ⣬ɱִ߶η仯һٶӰҶưټ뷢Ѹ͹
Щɱֶ򵥣֣
Ҷȴ߶ǧͼΪһӰʼһٶӰɱɱ¾ռ֮ڣһʱ޷ֳ
Һðմʬ壬ӣɱ˽֣ûдӣɱֶ֣
һ֣Ҷսڷڣϧʵ޷ͷţǴ׶֣Ǵһ׻пܶϼУɶ׾ԶǶ֣ɱǴǿߣҶмܣֻôӶԿ
ɱ֮⣬ɱڵˣ
ӮС֮ǰĹɱֿʼηɫ粻ڷʲô
ǵȷɱڵˣùôֻ࣬ɱͼɱֻ֣Ҳ֪ǵ˭˭ͨɱǣ
һɱƺܲ򵥣֮зɳһ㡣
ɱڣ
Ҷ֣жʱһΪɱš
ɽڸɱھֶͬĴڣ̫ڡšɽᲢ۵ģɱɱ̵Щɱֿʼɱˣɱ¾ɱ֮ɽֻҪǮͿͨɱڣɱκˣžɵҲɱɱִɱ֮¡
Ĺü׸֣ӮС㣬ӣɱ֣ɱڣԪδǣȻֻǮǾͱϷ򲻿
ɱˣһִ񣬾ˣ˵ʲôû壡ĺɱ֣ץһֻ̱һ߳
ɱ̣֮ɽɱڲ߼ɱ֣ĹһۼǶ̱ϸֳر顣
ľȻϵôɱ֮УȥɣɱڼȻ񣬾һɣɱ֣
С㣬жһ뿪
Ĺˣ߽׸ּ֣֣ͯһԾ춯ء

ɱĹ֮Ȼ֣Ӱÿһν־ͱˡ
ɱ
Ȼִķ֮Уӿʮɱɱ֣ǰһ˴룬ɱôɱ֣ɱ飬ȫͱͬھ˼
ɱ
ʮɱ֣ҪɱӮС㣬ʱӮСΧֻмλԪ׸ְΧûɱֿʮɣһ𽣾ɱɱһס
ӮĿƽʮ߳ɱֱֽ֣ƵмָϹæһɱְΧ֮С
ʱӮСȻҴ磬һ˿⣬ȥЩɱ֣ģСкүر˲ң
ǣС㣬ǰȥλʿֵܱС㣡
ಣ
׳ǿߣɽͬĵɱɱӪһ֣һɱ䣬ɼЩʿҪΪֻд׵ɱ֣Ҫ̫߳ࡣ
ͣ
һʿ֣ڸոһɱһɱ֮ʱ֪ɱûסʿͷŶҩ˶ʱ׹ء
ɱɱ֣Ȼ£
µȥɣɱڣ
ͻȻ֮бһƻ˾ͼɱ־ȻĹһժȡͷ­һƴͷֻ֮һƣͷ֮ʼȼգΪ촷ۡ
ʲôù죬һƣ߽ɱ֣飬ƺܸʴɽ磬£
Ҷðһ麹ĹֶΣһļ£һϣ³ҲһĹʵʵڸʮУͰ߽ͬɱ֣ժȡͷ­߽׾ô䡣
ɱҲ㲻ʲôһ
Ĺɱͷ­ڵʺѪĹ䲻ܴЦһͷ­ץ飬ա
ɶɱڣȻڱ֮أɱʿ˾ˣ򲻻·ߣĹĿһͻȻһ
͡
һɱĹ֮ʱʱͷ룬˶ûγ֣Ͱʮɱնɱ
ڰȫˣ
ҶȽֵĺɱ֣̾ͱеĴ׸֣һնɱҶ̷Ӯһԣֽʮֻ֣ʣ֮һ󲿷ֶɱϣʣµҲһˣӮҲ͸֧
ĹЩɱֽһ߶ǧͼɽΣգҲһ㶼˽⣬ܸӮĽԪԪŪһвȥѰֶ죬װ취
˲ɱɱ֣Ĺȸȫ£һһ䣬ҶҲ𽥷ģɽΣƽ
ǾΪԻ뿪𣿡
ûɿͻȻһϢʼճ֣ţһ˳ˣȻٶˣҴ׸һ߽֮࣬׸Ҳʮɱͬˮӿա
á
һ¼ôס߽׸֣Ҷ˸ƣûܻȥ
ڲò߶ǧͼʱ׼ߣ
ɱڡ
ĹԭɵϣҲüͷһӮСǰӮĵҲԱߣĹӣ㱣С뿪֪ͨдָϷסЩɱ֣
֪ӮС㾹ϵãĹһƬģҼүһúôˣٻ󣡡
ūмʿ
Ĺһ֣ﵽ۷ʿγֱߣסǰ
һɱ
ɱٶɱ֮У߳һߣûжһ䣬ֱ֡
뷡
ɱ˶һ̣ͻȻһ֣Ծ֮ٶȣֱɨٶɱ֣޿赲ֵɱˣʱײ÷飬ҲĨɱɡ
εȸ֣
ҶȺͣˡ
Ĺʱ󾪣ңǺүݵ

ٶɱ֣һ䣬ֺɨǺߣ򱻴ץס˺ѷβҽһߵ˭Ĺ
߱ץѪȴ˿Ҳ£ԭԪĺүΪɱʲôûбֻֻɱҰɣ
䣡
΢΢߾ͱըˣʧһʿջ֣ųһʿͬת£ӭһꡣ
ݼү
˶깧ʩ
ǺүȻ͸ΪĪǴɰ˽׾ŽǿߣҶȹ֮ʣⰵдͬꡣ
ҶΪɾ綼Կȴ޷϶Ǵɸ߽׾ͷӵвͨΪ
ү
ӮСŮ澴ӵ
ӮСػûܾͺãҪɱڰ˵ԺԪɱ֮ͨأ
û£֪ү£ӮСҸ˵
Ĺܼң㹦Ͳ٣ʹһլӣӳΪϽߣ˵꣬ǿʿ£շȥӮСٻ߲ʷڴɵǼݣУ·
үӮĶûһ
ҶȵһƳȻ󲻶Ԫ


550 
һ·շУӮĵԪ󷽣ʿǳΪﵽ߽ףʿǴɰ˽׾ͷ
ɰ˽׾ͷɽ糬ǿߴڣѹ߽סɡˣǴﵽɽ磬Ҳһ֡
ɽǾɽһָߣɽǴɰ˽׵ʮ׾ͷͳ֮أԽɽ磬Ǿ硣
ɽƺһжգգݺ֣һɫʴɵֺգ־ҲݷУҪʳЩɽ
Щߡ޶ǳӴеϰ̾ղΪһɽȻо޴ﶼײеģҲЩº;ޣڴػֺɽ֡
ɽλ磬洦ǵͼɽϧ½޷ɽ磬ǴﵽҲǴ粽УͱЩޡ޳ԵǱɱ
ʶɽ粻˼黷ҶȶһЩֺ֮Уݣһң˽
򣡣
ͻȻ֮䣬Ӯˣǰһɫݰľ޴ռ𺳣Ҷȸо̫λ涼ûǰݿռ޴
˳ɫݼٷȥԽԽнһ꣬˲ż֮оȻһƬ嫵ɽ磬ֵֽǳءɽԭǳС
磬ɽһڲɽ磬ʶƯգһͨͨͬǳأ̺󷨡
Īһ򣡣
Ҷޱȣɽ꣬δʶ˺嫲˼ɽ磬֪ڸɽһֱһСɽ磬ưɽ磬ҶȲ֪ʲô
һ򣬼һǧɳǼһҪޱߣһгǳءǸգʵ˹񹤣εȴܲܵ˲˼
վס򣬲ڣ
ޱ߽ͻȻɳһֻֻɺףһɼʿվɺ֮ϣЩʿǴ߽Ϊǧˡ
󵨣ʶ򣿡
ʿԦɺ׶סȥ·ҪʻͻȻ߲Ǽݲƿͬһ߳˫ɨǧʿ
ݼүȥ֮ţү룡
мʿһλ򷢳һХ
ˡ
Ʈ緢𶯣һǰһζһΰƽ֮Żڽ֡
˶ȥȡʹͣߣ
һ֣תǼݣʿ·ػ֮࣬Ƴȥ
ͺү
ʿͳͳе͡
û뵽ӵλһҪ򣬿Ҫ飡
Ŵʱʵۻعƣ˶𾴣Χʿ־ηҶȰɨķ֮ţ͸ܵһɱɽҪ߳һӿ
һ̤Ҷ𾪵Ĳƻֺɳǡɳؽȫ֮У·ȫɫʰ쵵󷨣ΣѺˣ˵ļʿǲͬ硣
ڳǳع滮ʮ룬һǳһ룬вͬļʿѲߣԦɺסޣЩʿװ綼ͬɲͬƿأط磬һӡ
򰡣ҪﵱˣҲˣϧӮӵһأô£ûүûӮ˵ǾûӮҷӮ˶㲻ϣ
Ⱳӣδ򡭡
󷽣ӮʮɣźĽѣ˽ۡ
Щˡ
һҶȾû˼汾ͲΪʣΪʣ統һ鷲ü򵥣˸־ҪͬȻҲͬ
û뵽ޱߣɳǶ֪سͲٷ㣬һʱ޷뿪ֻеӮ½磬ͬһ뿪򣡡
Ҷϸϸţ򾯽ϽĴмʿɳǶҪһ̲飬ο뿪򣬿޷뿪ֻӮĽٵȥһͬ뿪
ף뿪ѣҶ˵Ŀǰ׵ģΪҪزɽ㣬̫ѣգɽȻҲɡɡɣǱضǸ߽״ɣҶΪһ߽״ɣֻķݡ
յգںʱݷʵǿһ֣ͶһԱֶΡ
ү
ַ죬ڿһƬܼľ޴ɳǣΧʮɳǴӵǸ߸ϵɳǣ°߸𣬴ʱɳǷʿ
ǣӮС߳мʿϵݻظ
үظ
ʿʼɳҲһɳǷȥǰӭӵ󳼡ٹҲԽԽࡣ
ʮɳǣԪҶһɨǰһɳǣɳǽ̻Իͻʼ𺳡
û뵽ЩԪٹ٣ǴΪĹڴɵͽףٽǴ׵˽ס
ٹ֮оҶȾ͸ܵһ߽״Ϣģκһ𣬶Ҷ޷Ĵڡ
Ԫӵ˹ģʵҶ𺳣һ˹ģǲˣεȴɾͷӵһɽֺ嫣Ԫȴڣֲ֪жٴڡ
Ҫɽ㣬治һ׵£ҶףΪʲôӮҪѾĻŮɽ硣
ϴζ˵ƺֶͽڼʮһ㣬Ӧþʮ֮䡭¸ˣǲں취뿪ȥֶ죬ӲҲҪһԣ
֮䣬һͷԺ֡
ϸϸĥֶͽʱޣһ̤ɽʱʱֻмʮ겻ʱޣڼڶɽӮʮ꣬ʣʱ࣬ûʱҶȴںǿΪ
˿ɼʿƺƵɳǣɳе磬ԪΪļʿأɳһƬư磬һۡƺʯ̶ɣӨ͸аҵЩգʵɽԭסȻΪɡɣȴкܸߵλ
ܿһʮΧƶɵĽɫʹɳ룬ķշ׷׹ڽֵӭ

ڴﵽʹһ̣һȺŮӵһλƳۡͷʹڵĹŮӣҴҳ
ӯﲻ˵֮أع˵
§Ůϸ˹£ʹ֮С

ӮӣүѷԸס⴦֮Уƽʱͳȥߣںүȥֻ飡
֮һĹӮġҶȵʮλ֣һķвƫƫ֮лв᷿
˶⣬һשһǶɽʴɣӮʵĹʲôʱԽȥСã
ĹʱûкүԸκҲܽС׼񣬰󣬾Ǵ֮գʱԪ壬۹ټǰ񣬲ܳ˿빫£
ԭˡӮһԭͫһ˿ԹĹ˵꣬̾ʧˡ
ӣһйɽͼ꣬ڲ֣ǹӷԸūӣ˵ù˽һ˳ŴԺ½磬ӶᰲŹһ˽
л
ӮĴĹнӹһ򣬽ŹĹ뿪
λǺƣÿһ飬ԺߣͷˣǴǧҪǷǣ
ӮִӴóʮƣһһÿˣֽһ䣺λɲӮһҪ£ҿԳȥЩϣɵﶼ½ḻҼ۸Ҳ󣡡
һ·ϣҲˣúϢɣӮľһȺŮ澣֮УɢѡϢ᷿
ƳԪͷˣ̤Ьٴȫѹô뿪һƣͿڷߣ˳ȥ˽һɽֶ죡
Ҷȵõưˣû뿪ǽ᷿ʩչȻռúһ
ȡʱ䣬ھռлøԴӵа֮壬Ҷһֱδﵽ״̬
ûл֮ǰҶ޾ʱ۷壬ڷӡŴӵа֮壬һ磬Ҫ޾ȥ𣬲ܴﵽ۷塣
ɽȶɽҪʮմɽٶȼӱټϾռ䣬ҶҲʮѣǰ֮壬Ҳռûʱ£һжᱻơ


551 ڰ׾
һ᷿ռȫһ᷿˿ƾͻᴥһ޿ռϢ֮У˸һöӡı䡣
ռ䣡
ɱڣǺÿ£ɱֶԺҪСģҪǴﵽ֮壬ְղٴʬ޷ɱɱֶԿ
Ϲ̳֮УҶһ߶̫¯̳һҳʩչ̫޼˻ͬʱС
̳ԣʱ޿̲޸壬̫һֵõ̺ԣ֮ǰϰ֮壬ҶκɣκΣǴɡ
޷Խĺ蹵ҶҪɾֱԽɾսɾһѶȣǴﵽɰ˽סŽףֻ³ϿʮʱգʮڻͨҶȾبŵһˡ
ʮʲô
Ҷӵ̫޼˻뾻󷨹Ҷƽʱ̫޼˻׾ͺѣͬʱҶȿ಻ԣ޷ʮҪȫѧᣬǴﵽ󾳽硣
ʮһȣһָѹҶ֮ϣ˾һʮּѣɽܴ޽֮صĵõߣҲõͬ壬
Ҷֵõ񼣴Уӵ־ߣĴߣһᲢ۵ģûеõ־УֻһԶ޷С
ϧ̫Ҫܰʮȫںϣ񲻻޵УЦޱ˿Ҳͬʱʮ
Ҷҡҡͷ̫¯֮ʱҶֿʼۿ񣬿ʼԪ̺֮֮ǿǣǿԪ֮֮ͨϵĴڣޱȣ֮ϸ֮ȻҲ񼶡
֮ϣƾҶȥ޷ԽһϢԽϸԽҪ˯״̬
þ֮ҶͻȻͷһ׹Ϣ
عҶȾϲͷŵĵ׹⣺޼˻Ҳڳµ̬
ڰ׾
Ժһڤ֮⣬жһ׵ļԦ֮ңԦ֮ҪǿĻǲ
Ҷ֮֮ǿԪ񣬲Ż޼˻֮вһҪǿԪܼԦġڰ׾
оһѪȣҶҪǿ֮ͨʱ˭뵽ǽ񼣣õֵ̳õ񣬲޵ð֮壬ӵôһĺڰ׾Ѳ⡣
ҶǿֶΣӦþǻ龻֣նɱɣǴҲܻѹնɱֻдɱѹ֮£ܳûҶȥһɣȥ̫ϼѡ
컯ȭȻǿҶȾ̫ͣնɱɣ޷Կɣֶһźڰ׾Ҷ֪ԵڰķţжôҪԪ
ԭһŽ޼˻֮ϣԪȥԦı̬ķš
ȥҶ۾궼ںڰ׾֮С
ڰ׾˵ԪȥԦ޼˻ףԪ޼սκȥԪ¿޼ս޼սԪһͿ˲ɱǿС
ԭ׾ǷģٴڵҶԪﵽµĸ߶ȣڲϽҶһԪ߶޼˻ףͿض磬κʶҪ𣬺ο
ԭ޼˻׾ǵߵĺڰףٷĴڣһֳͽӵǿԪ£ʱԽ٣ױһ־Уף١
ٶ˵ǾһԴƵ־徳磬κζǰҶȾվȻڰ׾Ҷ˵ֱɡ
Ҷ̺ԣеɽ編պ޼˻ںϣҶڰ׾绢³˵ڤ壬ֻҶڰ׾
ͣ
ۣҶֳ֮С
Ҷȿʼص㳯޼˻ƫƣǰ̫Ϊ壬õڰ׾Ҫʩչͨڴ޼˻ףʱǿ֣ҲԵǿֶΡ
֮еĺ磬̫޼˻ס̫һڲͣת̫޼˻׶Ƕģֱ̫һ룬໥գںϣҶԽǿʵߡ
ڰ׾
ֻ꣬ȥѡ
ҶȺȻ˫֮ͫͫźڰ׹⣬ͻȻһۣʮ޼սƿٶ֮죬ˣֻҪҶԪģ޼սͷɵһ˲䣬ɷԾǧɽ롣
Ϊٲ
˫һһӡʮ޼ս̼仯ΪһڻΪΪһϸϸ޼˻ףһ嫵ٲҶԪһٲͿʼ仯̬ʱһʱɵ
ҶȾͣԪڰ׾Իûκ̬ȴԪĸ
⼸̫¯Ȼ̳̫һǺãʹȫɣͻףף
ڰ׾֮ҶȸоѴﵽ״̬Уյ̳Ȼﵽ̫¯УǺ嫵̫һ
ͨͨɣ
Ҷȶ̫¯һʱ羨Ϻ̫¯̫һԴԴþ֨֨ƺѾҪƽٶҶȻڲɣоһ޵׶
̫һԽԽ񣬾ϸࡢԶǿʢǵҲʼ˭̫¯̳һֱͣգתΪ̫һҶȱ˶١
Ҷ겻̫ͨ޼˻ף̫һԭͿﵽ״̬˿̫¯֮кҶѾﵽ۷壬ȻûйȥǰֲзӡҲ㲻˼飬Ͼͬն
Ƚףﵽɸ߽ףҾͶ뿪Ѱֶ죬ֶʵᲢۣв֪жԴֻҪΪֶӣֶΣһܳΪصӣõʱҪж
˿ﵽ״̬ҶɣȻɽ磬һϣ˵ɽ磬һɽ磬ϰĴڣӵа֮壬ʵֶͨɽݺȻⲻԼ
Ҳ֪״ôоΪĻأڻûгϢҪôûж֣Ҫôǳɹõսף֮Ǳޣ
д硭ɵۣȻʵԴԱͻװɣ
˼һԺ֮ðħնģ˿̵ҲֻǵģֻгΪͷʸȥǡ

ͷڰ̫һȻųƽ֮Ļ棬ҶëëȼգΧˡ
͡
ٻ𲻵ȼգͬޣҲʼ᲻ɴݵƽٻ¯¯Ȼԣе˿Ҳûɽ編򣬵ηû¯̣Ϣʮء

¯ͰҶ֣ͬΰҶһҶ޷ƣԶ޷ͻƣƿ
ơ
Ҷһȭȫȭͷ֮ϣǰ֮壬ͬ߶
¡
ȻҶϣҶһȭֱӰѻ¯ƣΪԵƬЩƬȥɽ磬Ƕᱻ˵ɽ½һͰƬ壬ֻòӳ֡
ϧɾͰ֮壬仯󣬲ṩһ磬Խȼգ
һ̣ͻףҶȸоվռֱˣ֮ǰҪܵѹơ
ףҪԣҪܳʱ䣬̫һҪԣҲҪһʱ䣬ϾҶ塢ʵϣ޷Խ޷ܡ
仯Ǻܾˣ徫ǵõɱ䣬Ԫ䣬ǵֺޡ
ڰ׾
ͻ֮Ҷִ߶̫¯ʼԣӴ˾̫¯ھռȻûҶȴ߶ٶ룬һҲҶȴܴ
䣬ҶϾҪ뿪򣬲ܺΣصɽȥֶ죬͸Ҫ


552 ħ
ھռ꣬ȥ¶ѡ
ಣ
᷿ƯľָȻʧһ֮УҶȴ߳ϢҪǿһ
Ӯģܲһ·ˣǰҲ㲻ϣʹ˱ɣҶʩչǧͼʱڸӦ֮¡
һΪ֮УνǴûƣ̻ᱻ󷨸Ӧ
пǴɾŽ׸ָֿ֣ɽ磬޵еĴڣ̤ɽ磡
ݣ̤ɽ¿ʼɽΪɺճɾ֮λŲɽ磬Ϊһߣ
ҶͷϢôǧͼںϺ󷨣ֱӴ뿪Ԫɳǽֵ֮С
ֵ֮ϴͨҶͨڴһ󣬷һҹģСĽ̷С
ҶѸıòóʯһɽͼרŹһЩֶϢ뿪ҵһֺͣΧҲвɢһ԰
û뵽ԭɽ磬Ǻ֮ܳһȻһ޵дʮ׾ͷ
Ҷ򿪵ͼȾ¶һҫ˸Ϣ֮УйһЩܡ
ɽһһߣ̫ڡɽЩǿɳӵͬλɽնһնɱͯ棬Ǿһ޵дڣԽκɳǣǿֶҲ֮࣬ȷڴǰϼ֣Ͼɽٹ̡
һλʮ׾ͷǿߣɽ綼ߣοɽ硣
Ҫ뿪Ҳ򵥣ҪǴ󷨣֣пܱɸ߽ǿ׷ɱӵдµһŴʮӣҲҪСģ
Ĭһǻ˽ͼѰֶ죬һҶȹѰֶ죬ֶ֮أȻҲһֱӾͽ򣬾򵹲ǺңԶֻҪȫУʮ꣬ͿԴﵽ
ҶȻ̫ڡɽŵȵŶɽ罨򣬵ȻЩǳţһЩСɣҲֻܹ鸽ɽʥء
Ȼдţ
Ȼͼ򣬷һĿҫǴš
Ҳɽ罨һΪҪ̫ڡɽЩ޴һɽ֮֮
ȻҶӵеɽͼֻǾ޴ɽһ޴ռ䣬ɽ磬Ƭɽ֮⣬иɡǿڣֻϧͼ֮ûɽ֮ڡ
ɽ죬뷲һǧ磬ÿ綼һ棬ɽǧ磬Ϊɽ紦ڵɽ֮䣬λøպڻ룬˵ɽޱߵģҲ֪ɽж󣬳
Ҷɽ磬ֻããɽ֮Уһˡ
óֶֹһһ⿪ӡֶϡ
ֶԭһŮΪɣĪǡֶҲһŮӣ
֮ҶȰպãԺдֶϣһҶ𾪣ΪֶһŮΪɡ
Ȼֶ첢ȫŮӣֻŮ֮Уλڤڤ֮гԽӣ˵ֶ۾һŮӣſܵţŮΪģŮռҪλ
ʵɽ硢ڷ綼ɶŮΪ½¸һŮΪɣŮӶȨرء
ȻΪ¸һŮӣɺȻŮΪֶܾܿͬԭ
һŮӣɽֶۣŮǺε޹˫
Ҷ𾪵Ķкܶ࣬оֶͽؿϸ񣬾һ̭˲ܹأܳΪֶߣǶһš
ԺͽҲΪϸ񣬻Ǳһ̤Ժֶ졭Ҫʶʶ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȶֶ쵹һɺС
˶ע⣬Ҫ׽õˣΪħҪ˭κж֮ˣɣͳͳϱͣ
ͻȻټʿֳƺƵЩʿȫһ貱սףΪǴף߽׽죬Ѱÿһռ䣬ÿһˣɢһ²
˵ÿЩظҪǻ
һ췢Ҷһ²ݣȷŷŹҶȣǰѲ顣
ġ
꣬С㣬ǼʿδԶ
ʱʮΧһڵϸҶȻںԶλãͷԪ񣬰һж
ħһʮ׸֣Ϊ£֪ΪǿУħ򣡡
˵ɱħܵܣǰȥҪͻ֮λϧʧˣԭǱħܵܰ͵Ϯһ֮£նɱħܵܣ
ɲˣħǡǸԭ֮һҪͻ峬ߣɱ˲գۣɣټ壬ɳǣŶٴնɱˣŴζʧܣ
찡Ҫģôһƽ٣Ҫ̸߼£
ҵǶԵģ֪꣬Σһһ⣬ֽܹͨ㣬к֣ܶǲ죬ħˣε֪նɱķħ֣֡
˽СߣʱķûмʿȻǲ뵽к۵ҶȣȻһжڶ
ԭΪԪƽ£ԷħȾɱһĺ伫
һҶȻƤˣһʮɱҪ𣬿϶һսħ˵ãɱϣҪ潻򻹲֪᲻ỹ˰
Ҷվڷλһʧֺ֮С
ͨһǳءɳǡɽֺҶȴĸƣɴУдǧͼҶҲֻܰһСš
ţ
ͻأ䣬ҶԴһ龻֣˸һѲϢҶٶȣҪӻ龻в׽ϧոϢʧӰ١
һγٻ䣬ٴγ֡
Ī죬Ϣ֮вϴΣգˮһƽȣˣΪܸӦ˾Ͳˣȥ׽Ϣ
ҶȻǺܽڤڤ֮иоƺҪʲô鷢Ƹߡгܲ콵ַ֮ɡ

Ҷȴһͨʱۿ;ʥɳǣ֮ʣȻռ֮УһĨϢȻ΢ҶȸӦǿ󣬼̫һκϢԺܿͲ׽
ͣ
Ҷֻһʥ⣬֮У˷Ƽһ˿˿緢˿ĺɫ˸ɱѪ
ϢøѵħΧ
ȻҶǧԸ⳯ħȥ룬ǿԲһͷųģһķûκӰҷǣʥĴڣҲ޳û鷢
뷡
ڴʱͻȻ֮ڣһ֮Уһ֮ƺʲôӷӡ֮а
Īǡħѱѹ֮Уˣﲻܿģ
Ҷȿɲٵȥ̴߶һͨ
ļˣǹĴ֮Уʧȥ֮ģ˼ıⱾˣͽͽǣĽǷᦣ
䣬ҶǿԪӦһа
ħҪ涯֣꼰㣡
Ҷȷϣһħ򲻻ǿԪۺ
ʮ׾ͷһ֣ɲǿЦģʱܴݻȻ󲨼򣬲֪ɳǡɳҪ
ʲô
ٷһ̣ҶȲ俴֮УһʥɽͻȻһѪ죬һɨȻͰѹòˣѪֶһɳǣҲҶһɳ͵һɨ

һǿ缸ҪҶ˺飬ҶȾͿɳĴɱӰ٣һֻͻȻѪ죬ô쾹ȻҶһҶŵøôǧͼ˲ߡ
֪ǴһɨŹҶȾ͸оתǰһƬڣȻʧȥʶ


553 ᦾ
ΪǴ˹죬Դġ
֪ùȥҶȻһ£͵ѹҪվһɿµаϢѹס壬ж衣

Ҷ˲ˮͻȻ̫һ߶£һ·ҶȻָվȴֿռһƬѪ죬ҵʬ壬һȻҶеϤ
⡢ʥĹôƾճ
Ҷڳ˯֮ǰǱһѪʧĹôһӾͳ
ѵ
Ҷͷ⣬Ѫɫռ価ͷͻȻһֲаͬٲһ³ҶҶһа֮ӹһ٣ȴ𺳣⡢ﾹȻǷռ䣡һ죬̬ΪᦣһǱһ֮У
ħԣʱ˵ʲôáĽǷᦡҪʲô⣬ǻͽͽѵôùҲһͬ뷨֮ڣ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷȴľ彩ӲϢƺͣ٣治ţȻᱻ˷֮Уһһӵڲռķһ˵ǽ˿ڴɼ
ҶȲ֪ôǧͼռ䣬նɱǿߣ˷ƿ֮Уã޻·
ֵܣȾң
ȻʬУмŵĴɣվǻƺⷨռѹ
Ⱦǣǿǹ壡вѹһɼҶ
ҾǣǺǣЦûҾǵ̫࣬ǿɶǴɣѱ
Ҷ֪Ǳ֮ѹȫ޷ͷţҶ˵ֵһᣬǰ֮壬ֱ̫Ȼѹȡ
ҶȶΪҪдΪֱӰեɣ÷ΪһͿԳȥǣǴɣֻɣǰնǿŴʮɣҲ޷
̫һ̫߼һɣҲܴﵽ״̬
˿ʼۼһ𣬷ŷһ𱻹Σһֱû˵֮һ˲žֵô죬Ҹоڲʧƺռߣ϶ħġĽǷᦡԪ˵
ĽǷᦣûл·ĽǷᦿһ׼Ʒɽ硢ɽ磡
ˣԪҲ޷Щˣ
һʱ䣬Щ˸ӳĬˣϢϱĽǷգŷھĽǷȡ
һ䣬ϧûɵ۾磬޷߶Ҫܴ߶䣬ͿֲͨӣһħգͿȫϧҾ̫
Ĭ֮УҶڵϣƳ˯ʵѰƽ֮ڴ̳֮Уҵһ뿪䣬ԿԪ񣬿ϧûʵ޷д߶
ʱҪ뿪ǲˡ
Ҷʧ֮ȴۣҿһֱھָ֮г˯վָǾͲ֪ҪھָضãлĽǷᦿռƿأ
Ҷ˵б֮ǽָڲӡָڲԣĽǷᦶ޷ѹֻҪһ˰ѾָĽǷóȥҶȾͿԻų
ϧĽǷᦲ֪жٷʣһö۵ĽָҪ˷֣ףҲҶҪȥҪȴ
ʲô
ͻȻĽǷڲ磬˷һ־庰
ֻĽǷӿһ̣̽·м˸ոպͶʱƬ̾ͻΪʬ
Ǿ綾綾
һʱ˾;ˣʼأҶһʱǧĴܣǶ޷ӹ̣һɥһǴɰ˽ϸ֣Ҳ̼䱻ɣΪʬ塣
ʲô綾
ҶȺ⣬ȻѶ壬ʱͿʼҶԣƺҪȫǺ̻δͱ̫һͳͳ룬ˡ
ܱ̫һںϣЩͨɽǾ綾ôɣ̺ӿֲĴڣһ⡣
ħ֪ɱ˶ˣȻʬ壬ɡɣ඼Ǵɡ
Ѷ̻֮Ҷȸое¶ռڸţΣգΪ˽ϣħԪͿץħԪƿԪȻͿ뿪ǲ֪ħҪʲôʱռ䣬Ҷץסᡣ
ֻҶȴ߶ڰ׾գ۾ɱħԪɢ
ĽǷħ䲻Ǵ䣬ڲȴвٱǰ⹬ҾͰЩʬ崦ͳͳӣ
ȻĿǰ˵վδزʤ⼸ʬ壬Ǳ⣬ôֵֹıأ
Ҷһ֣Ͱǧ˾֮д߶龻֣ʼӣΪһž޴ӣ統칬ִṩ
ȥɣ
죬ҶȾͰѵһǧŰʬץʬڵϣȡд䣬ԭʬѵõϧҶȲܰʬɣħУֲ֮ҪҶչѹ
ҶȾһոߣʬ岻򣬴߶龻һ޴
Ҷأȴһôʬ壬Ҷ붼룬ֱӳԽʮףﵽˮ׼ҶǿֶΣҶȻӣ׷ں֮С
ӣնµһ̴ʮӣһţϼɽõĴɶϱۣǿɴɰ˽ӣԭӣҶѹǿֶΣ񶼷׷
û뵽ι״ħ֣նɱǿڶˣ
вٵҶȻȫ޽䣬ϼ˴䣬ҶǷһʴĺƣӮҲûҶȲƸʮ֮һؼмɰ˽׵Ĵ䣬̺ʯһЩֹƽʱѼ
ҶСǰ½̫λ棬ҶȾһʵĵ֪ɽ磬ͳһ
һôȥҶѾˣȡӣȫֱʮɣ޴ò˼飬ѾԽ˴ɰ˽ףﵽŽ׽ӽʮ׵ز൱һʮȫһż򵥵ӡ
һŴʮӣֻʹһΣһͿӣҶȵƿһʮ׸֡
ʵڲУҾʹ߶ū
ڼʬ壬û龻֮ʱҶͻȻĿݺݵ֮Уһֱĵūϡ
ūһֱǱޣһɣƷĽǷᦵȷԽһǸ߽ƷƷпסһ֡
ñһӤôװ³˵ķ
ֻҪӵȫ߶ūϧעūūҪڲݻĽǷᦣҲûпܣҶȰԲ̫ҵūҲûдﵽ۷塣
ūӦһ߽ȴֻпȴʮ׻һ׵ȻûаƿĽǷᦣһûƿҶȾͱħ뾡취ҪҶɱĽǷڲ
Ҷʱֻܰӷ£ǲѡõūǽָ֮г˯㵶ūһƿĽǷᦣūϢɽɢп˲䱻칬׽ҶȻħǧ򱶵ǿС
ħȻʮ׾ͷɽ޵дڣԳưɽµɽ磬ǸһӣҲȥһɽ磬칬ݻ٣칬ǰ̶֥Ҳ㲻ϡ
ʱͲ칬С
Ҷȼʼʣ¼ǧʬ֮УΪӣ̺˵ҶȸоѳԽʮףﵽزңٵģһôǿ˺
Ϊǰ֮壬Ǵ۵Ҳ޷˺һҪ߶԰ɽ칬Իκδʮ׸֣նɱնɱ
ԲʹãҪţ˵һͻٴħǿߣҶȲһֱ㣬ǿߣ޷ģֻвɱ߶򣬽ǿնɱ
⹬п϶ľ
ڻѼ깦򣬰Ѽһգžʹ󲽳̻Ի͵ı⹬ȥ


554 ͳ
ѪŵĽǷᦿռڣʱһɹӿڲߣǱռ䣬ûлܡ
ʱѸͣҲ֪ħ߶ĽǷᦣĽǷᦷڼڲҶʱһҪɻΪʬĿ¸о
ħͨ޵Уһ˺嫹뷨֮ڣҲ˵ĽǷᦷͬ졭
ҶվڽӲΰǰһ޴ɽ籦ʯ̶ɣ͸ϢĻôһҶȶ޷򣬴һϣҶȸᵽʮжôֲ
ֻһƬһ⣬ǧҪʧԽ࣬ǿɸ߽ףϣĽǷᦣ뿪ط
޺ڴҶȻ빬ͷֹκʣԡһЩװɽѵı˵ǾоȻкܶûʧ
Ͳ˼飬ĽǷڲҪܵƻ⹬֮˵κν硢󷨶֮ʧжϣǹ󷨶ڣһΣգΪⲼ֮ˣҲǴɾŽǿߡ
ҲǴ󷽣ľûлʹֻĸоҶֱ룬ȴһձ⣬һƽס
ϧˣһڲƺң
ҶʩչԪ񣬴߶ڰ׾
͡
Ȼ֮䣬һ׾ͻڻƽ֮ϣһ󷨣Ȼ޼˻׸ӰԵܿͰиһѷ죬Ҷץסᣬ羪뱦⡣
ҶȲʩչڰ׾и󷨣ҲᱻĽǷѹɣҶֻҪȴһʱ䣬󷨡Կʧ㲻ðκΣվͿԽ뱦⡣
ҶȿɲĽǷٶһ죬˶ⶣ˭Ҳ֪һ̻ᷢʲô뱦⣬취ӳ졣
ȴɲҶȵԸƿȻܳʤ
ı⡭
˵Ҷȶȡٱ⣬̩⣬ûκαǰտޱߵıռ䣬ӵеıڶ̩࣬Ͳǧ֮һ
һռ䣬һǳƯ⣬Ͳö˵ֱĿ۶ˣ²㣬ǶǺ纣ʯƷƷƷͳͳУƷʯһ룬Ʒʯֻһ֣Ͳȥݣһɳô޴
̫ã͵ڲٳǳءɳÿ궼Ҫɹ긴һ꣬Ȼ۵ı޷壬취֮࣬ħ巨ͳͳС
ʲôΪӵеϢ
֮ʱ֮УһҶϢ΢΢˸Ҷһͳգһϵͭǰ
һʮƷǱʴܾõķɽ󷨶ʧˣǿʮƷϹŷǷķںϣ޷ʹã
ͭӣҶȾ͸ܵԴԴĵǳ磬֪ڵãű˴ɽ磬һλɽۣڵ䣬ҲȻ޵֮С
֮УȼߵķֻΪ޷ʹãڷƷɽӵǿռַⷨøūҪƿĽǷᦣǾϣˣٰѵӸū
ʱ˿ҶЦ˻ǳɽǰ·һ壬ǰͭӾƿĽǷõ
ͳӣ
ȻҶڹڲ࣬һΪɫɽϰ˸ģͳӣ˵ģȻҶȸо̺ԡ
ĪʮƷǳԽʮƷڣӵһ˿˿ԣĪƷʶԽ˴ǧͼսף
ҶȰԾ̷뷨ǧͼսǶɽǶǴ˵еĴڣҪһ㣬ҶҲûӴʶǧͼս˵Ҳӵԡ
ͳӣӦҲǾֻϧʩչ˾ɵۣȴźڵ
ūͳӷͬ죬úгɹһúý㣡
һץͷ̫һͳⲿѹ󲿷ҲӡȻ
̾ͼūվŷѸܵͳӵǿϢֱ˫ץסͳӣԼУͷǿʼͳӣͳʮƷūҪͳҪһʱ䡣
ͳӴڵʱ䣬ȵūǰҪƾãūͳӽǵĴڣɽ磬α˶޷ʹãһҲֻܵղƷ޷
ūһ֮
Ҷԭ뾡ȡһ룬ĽǷڲֻһˣʼģȻħ޷ߣҪ취ūͳӣΪͳ׼
գһͷųҶͳǰͳڲ֪ǵūҪͳӣֻϧͳӱڵūūȻѹסͳӡ
ͳӱ칭ȼҪߣҪȷʵףʮƷһȫ
־Ͱͳ֮ϣ̫һʹУҶȾ͸оһɽʮƷǲ˼飬ҶӵоƷ칭ʮƷǧͼͼ飬ֶһʮƷͳӣڰɽ£Ҷں߽
ˡ
֮󣬴ͳӾͷŷ̥һ㣬һ⼣ʼ䣬Ҷ壬Щ⼣ǵ³ʮǿͳӿʼֳͭ⣬껹ӣػɽ硣
֮УȫǵȥϢˡɡɡħɶкܴ𺳣ǵڤ壬˭Ҳ޷Ԧ
ͳӿڵ̫ãӦһλԶŵĳϧûκ־־ȫĨɱͳˣҲΪĵ飬ūһ
ܵͳڲú嫵ҶȾͿʼ̫һںʣɽд󲿷ֵͳͳΪ̫һֻҪõūӵ̫һͿԱū
뵽Ҷ߶һ̫һӳڵūڣԭūҶѱӵһ̫һõҶӳ֣ūڼ̫һںϣūҲ˷ӵ̫һƺҲ̫һ֮
ūȻɳͳӣʼͳͳڲɳصķ䣬ȫǿͳӵķӡūֻҪЩϷӡںϣܿͳӡ
һūܿͳӣǵūͿԶԿκҶвٵӣֻҪϼ뵶ūڣūսޣɵ۶ԶԿԺҪ칬ҶҲ칬ִߣһū߶ͳӣƻضǻء
νħɱħɣ
ͳӹȻзӡأūﵽںϣ
ҶȻͷ̫һ߶ͳӣŵūзӡһӸӷӡ̾΢΢ͳҶҲоͳŵūӡڷڡ
ˡ
ͳͻȻһһɴСرɰɣڱգ֮ףٱ֮
ūͳӣ޷˳ͳӣһƣұаհĽǷᦴһӣ뿪칬Ҳ޷׽ūϢһã
ҶҲſģûһ˿գ˭֪ⱦ֮УȻһʮƷ˵ͳӾǷƷǶҶȣǾǾ
ϵūΪںͳӣūݺκθ֣ɵҲһսؼūѾһ־ѣûʲôʹֻ࣬սҶȵΨǴӡ
ӵͳӣ޷Ժ԰д߶ūõūȥ߶ͳӣնɱǿߣûд߶ͳӵΪǵūУҵūӡ򣬼߶ͳӣ칬Ҳ޷ֶߣ
ħҳȥ㣬һҪͳ֮£һͳӣ
ҶһЦǳԿˣ˿һӱ


555 
ūںͳӰɣ
߶ʱūͳӣʧڱգҶȿķ¶̰Цݣһӵвٵıбо䱦
õͳӣҶȿɲ㣬ʯ뷨˵ǺҪֻͳȾҶȶġ
ɽǿһ֪پҶȸҿ϶ⱦ֮Уһ
ಡ
ҶֱӳӡĹҫȥڹҫ֮У͸һҶȶ޷ĽϢбѹű
ɲǾͷҫҫһӡһӡȻûյĽǷӰ죬Ȼǿ͸Ŵɸ߽޷Ϣ
ӡıһܶǷǳıⱦⲻǣǱĽǷ֮УҴ߶ӡҲõĻᱻǸַ֣ѵǸɱĽǷᦲɣ
ȸ߼ӡҶȵһмȷҶǰҲջᱻ⣡
ţԡ
ҶͷҪӷӡ֮дһͨӶУ˭֪ոոܵӡϢʹиӦǳϤϢǲԡ
һҶȱ¶־ϲЦݣĪǣӡ֮УһԵı
һǿɲˣԽԽκηκһԻһҶնƶɽ֮ϵĳۣӵоӶƿ񷡣
ɽ磬ǶǾ汦ӵǶǳۣ٣ʮƷ֮ϣʮƷ֮ϻаӽҲӵеԣȴȵġ
ҶΪͳ̺ԣĴ˵еİֻϧ걻ںϣԶʧȻûԣǵҲԲࡣ
ԲǿĪһ˵гԽʮƷڵİ
ҶԽһİ뿪ĽǷᦰʮ㡣
ƿɣ
߶Ԫ񣬻ʼһ˿˿ʼ⣬ЩӡҫʼӴ

ոսӴҫӡ󣬶ʱҫͿʼҡΣŹҲڻζǣһȫ⹬ں
뷣
ͻȻһϢӴ֮˸ҶȺݺɱ
ţ
ҶȸӦǿͷעռ䣬̼ӦһɿµϢȻȷɥ뿪߶ǧͼתһ
ͻͻͻ
񣡡
ӰȻҶͷŵǿֱӸ飬ͻͻͻ飬ҴӰ֮һƣҶҲԤϵһȭ󷽴գݺݵײһ

ھ£Ҷȸұ۶챻飬ǲǧͼÿռͨתƣһ԰ҶȺ̲ס˺ֱۿʼ飬Ȼ󴫱ȫҶȸ޷ƣľκ޷ܿơ
ǿȻһƾͰȫˡ
ɲǼ䣬ľֲըԭƷڣʼײҶҷ߿ʼڶԿҶȸоԼǶԷ֣ʼһδαըײ֮Уܵش
ܽסһƵˣ򣬲ǳһ峤
һŮҶüͷһ壬ǿǿߣȻһŮӣԷݳǾǿߣ޵ߡ仹󣬾֮࣬ҶȻǰоԿľͷնɱ
ৡ
һŮӣӴ֮һ۾ǿȸëƶɣŮӸ߹ף߹ŮӹȻֻʮ꣬ͬˮܽأ־ޣǣҶҲΪ֮
ҶŮ֮Уû˱ǰŮòڤһˣ
ֶΣӦһΪδ㣿ŮӴӵûһ˿ҪҶȳֵζƺм֣һɨĮϵʵ
ҶȻ޷ڶԷڵȴǴ䣺²ˣ
Щ˶ˣΪﵽɰ˽׵ִߣˣ㻹ţΪ
Ůӻδ˵꣬ƺ͸ӦҶʲô춯ɲһһƳҶ
ಡ
ҶۿžŮӾҪһϣɲͷŽһ°ŮѹƣŮƾҶǰһʱɲǴ߶ǧͼʧǰ
ǰΪҪɱ֣
ʩչȫҶȲżһԷΪʵ̫ߣȻնֲΣҲҶ޷Ĵڣ֮ǰܽסԷһƣǶԷûʹȫôǧͼ󲿷Ҷͱ
һ٣ҶֹŮӡ
ܶһơΪף
Ůתһֻ̣ץһҶȵϢŮĮϣһƳ衣
ҶȽ͵µȷɣǰԩ޳𣬴ҶǱħĽǷ֮Уαضɱ֣Ըħ
ԩ޳𣿡
ŮӵŹҫ㶯ҵķӡȡеô㻹˵ԩ޳𣿡
ԭǰģǰһⱦǰ֮ǰ֪飬ΪĽǷ֮УֻһˣⱦҲ֮žԶ֣û뵽֮⣬ˣϣǰˡðʧ֮
û뵽ŮӾȻⱦˣӦرǿߡ
Ϣ֮УܸܵûнţҪô˵ľ棬Ҫô㶨ˣˣݣҲСƽϣ
Ůƺ˫ֵСǰһɻҶȣҶȸоܣᱻֱǳ·ࡣ
סҪץסϢз޷㣬򣬺ʱСķС
˺һŮڿʵ
ǳ˽⣬ҲԪȥŪһ֣һл·дǧͼҲӲĽǷᦣֻҪͷȫϯռ䣬Ҹ޴ӣ
ŮͱʣҶһ˼⣬ʵشֻԪһ˿˿ϵԪүҪӭȢ½ӮС㣬Ӯһ鸮ͣ˵ͷɢޣλӮСɽ磬򣬸ûκιҪ뿪;֪ͱĽǷᦾ
ŮӵСҲѵõĿǰΪֹ֪û˵ѣܴʶʱ񣡡
֪ǰγƺΪҲħ֮ⷨУҶʵ
ŮӺȻͷųޱϣҾΪħܰ룬Ǳºõ壬ôܿħ
ǰ
Ҷȴ˿ޱ𾪣ΪУһһλû뵽һŮӣħƿء
СֻǱһ㾳̫޷ĪΪУ㲻ʵ
ǰˣǰΪǰǴʮǰΪץħŹⱻ֮ⷨУǰңϣ뿪ط
Ҷⷬɲƭ˵ģǷģû뵽ȴһϵĸֶ֣ˣɱ˵ǿߡ
ҶȾͲõģ뿪ĽǷֻʱ⣬ΨһźľǣҶȿҪֶͽʱޡ
͵ɢޣԺڱߣ
ƺʮֿҶȣ˵仰
Ҷȼæʩ񣺡ǣң
㵹ۼ⣬ܿӡռ䣬һֻһһֶѣ
ҫȻһ⣬üҶȣǲǰͳӸˣ
ҶǰһǱߣõһŵȱţպÿͳӣ͸оһϤãͰͳ׸ǰ
ˣȻԵǾ͵ļ񣬽ͺúڱЧ
ֹҶȣŵͳϹնɱһаǿǿߣϵõģ˵ͳȻʮƷǰ޷ҲһƷ֮軨׷㣡
л
Ҷڷ飬ͳѱūóΪܷɻ֮ҺҶҪһģһ˵ǿߣͳջȥҶȾΣˡ


556 
۹ҫӡ̸̸̾ҲԣҪõˣŻᷢ
֪кΰ취ƽɱ֣뿪ĽǷᦣĿŲҫӡ֮ʱҶʳһʵ⡣
û뵽ĽǷϷɰ˽ףԴĽǷᦣؼħһӡĽǷϢȫӡұ޷ӦԱҲ޷ʱնɱħ
ϣһ˿ɻ
ԭǴɰ˽ףȷƿĽǷᦣħǴʮ׾ͷԽ˽̫࣬ѹ
ⷬҶȷŷһˮԭĥ뿪ȻҲûʲôð취
˺ܳʱ䣬˶ڳĬҶҲ˵ºܽڵ죬ſڵ취ҲûУҪǱܰһںϣϱ֮ǰڱӡĴʮһ߶ĽǷᦣ

ҶʧˣǳԽ˵Ĵڣɵ޷ںһ֣Ҳ޷ɽ޵оͷΪҲǴʮףδﵽ޷߶οɡ
һӣҶȾϣִˮƯˡ
ȻûϣҶȵͬ취ֱĽǷᦣϾ赲ֻҪܴ߶ĽǷ˲ͻᱻ顣
ʵҲԴ߶ͳɱĽǷᦣֻϧֲóһͳӣѹ˭֪᲻ᵱƿأȡҵܣ
һͷϾͱҶȷˣǿǰ¶Լһ̰ɡ
ˣ޷ҿԣ磬һö
˼ǧҶγһƻʼ̫ϲ̫һΪῴƣҶӡַǴӾָ̳֮ںϵģɽɵ۶޷
Ҳһ취
ȵϣҶȾͼƺֲ֮ǰоڼԭ׼Ȼ뾡취ƿĽǷᦡ
ȻֹͣƿرΧҶǿռ˵򣬻Ҫǿٱ֪õΪؿҶȣа취
Ҷȵа취п
Ŷ
üͷ˿˿㵣ʵɲͳӣɽۣа취
뿴
Ҷ̯ģһ޵ӣʼֳʱͰռѹȥ
Ȼ̺ǿʢ˼飬ˣɽϢںϾ׵Ķ࣬õ˲˼ı
ӣΪʮ׾ͷɽ磬ǶһȻʶĹ㣬ֱǳ۶õĴڣȻףɻҶһɣӵֱ
Ҷȵʹ׼õĻϻӣһϲǵõһŲĵöӣͬһż֮еõصʱǾǣǰӣ䣬Ҽ˱ˣϧ֪ȱһģûɽΪվͻᱬչˣͳӣжѣΪˣԸⱦ׸
ãһϣǱͲЦˣ
شҶץסӣֶ͸֮ƺżҲӶġ
ͻʮףʱ㣬Ҫúô㣬򶼴͸㣬˵ͻǶԸɾɳΪɽһߣɽ磬һ
ϸϸӣϲͷԸӵļ飬ҲмҶȣȻҪ͸Ҷȡ
ҶȵݣҪʲôĿ󣬶һ칬ǿУӵҲ칬֡
Ҷû뵽ȻںӡҪ취ںϣͻһŬû޷ͻֻڴʮ׻Ϊһ
ͬɣɶˣȻͻƣǿŬܻһϣһأܴسɾߣɽ죬Ǹ߸ϵ
ƣ
תŹҫӡһ䣬ͰѹҫΪΣȻһڲܴıռҶǰſռһץһĹҫʱУȻһУֻһ߳һָһϸϸϸ¡
͸ź嫵ԣʮִȷɽ֮ָ̳ϢȫֻͬʣŻӵ˴ԡ
ȻϢǿ󣬶˵޷Խ񷣬ѹɽ編ҪһƬɱɵۣһ޼᲻ݵ
ҶȿУʱͰвĿ͸ҪôҶϣҶȿʵɾ磬߶Уնɱһͻɣɽɵ۶˵
ÿһκʧ㾳磬̼ͻˣ
ҪӣУҶ˺̷ִС
һ⣬ⷬ⣬ѡҶ̾͸ܵǿܿıƣƻ
ҶȶʵһҶӵдǧͼҲҪ䣬ΪĽǷ֮Уǧͼû˿ôڱҶȡ
ͣ
ͨҶȾͼڻζһӣһԼںϵ֮Уγһƽͨ໥ںϡ
Ҳ֪Ҫã
ҶʼչȻעһһÿһ̶ǵѧϰûᣬһܼʶġ
ǳǿߣָ߼ӡһںӣһںУټʯӴ߶£բһ㣬û֮С
̿ƽƽΣգҪǷκ⣬˵ҶȣҲ֮¡
ܼԦģûֶΣԺ֣Ǵʮ׸֣õҲֻܷӡȥ֪һ£ܾв
Ҷӷͬ죬ƽʱҲɣݾҲ޷ĽǷᦣԴУðһҲðž޴Σա
ȻǴͻֻһǰʣͻ
㾲ĹҶһһڷÿЩɶǲ֮ء
ˡ
գȥͻȻһѪ쳣أƺɰܾڴһ٣ݺ¶ģѾѪ֮ϡ

пʼûκηӦʮͻȻһ𣬾ôһƾϣǱǿߴУһѪͱɣһ֮⣬һ°ס

ȻѽץסᣬȫѹУְӹâȫ֮С
澪գ֮£ȻһƣЩɱȻջǱӴԺ̤ڻһƬ䲻ȴЦɽ磬ֻҪɽۣһ޷Σգ
ۼƽҶŵһѽҲʧˣҪ֮£ֻȥ̫ҲһƿĽǷᦣΪߣԸ
ںǳȥʱ̣ϧռ䶼ȥʮ꣬ҪΪֶӣֻеȴһ졭
֮УһʧĽǷᦣֵõͳӣһž޴νǸϡ
нָƽֲû龻֮ǰһ˿˿Ϣ˸ֲãһд֣֮һʼûиܵΣעǲᱻĽǷ֮У
ৡ
ڽ֮ڣֻվգ˫ֲͣһطӡϢ֮УȻͷһ˿˿΢ԣҿУջһµĹ켣зÿռ顣
ħβҵϡ
ⷬҶЦˣЦݺܹթ


557 ɱ
£һǣΧȼɫ棬ŷ棬Ҫ˻ģϢ˵侳𺳣ڽ֮ҶҲǸͬܡ
ֻ΢΢һ£ܻΪ촷ۣҶȾָоɵһȫë
Һ׼ýѹϢʱԱ䣬ʱˣ£һмҪһ̼ܻ𣡡
˿ҶȿõսľȷҪȫһҶҪһҲ롣
´󹦣ص֮󣬱Ҫúý㣬ʲôԪ㽫һ֮ļҵλҪǧٱ
ʧҶȣʮͣͬʱһ˿м
ҶȿɲҾӹ԰װʲôҲΪʩǣ
ڱͷ򣬰ѱ룬׼ͻĽǷᦣƺҲȥһץ⾹Ȼʧģһǿͬɫһ°סˡ
ҶʵʵϢȴʩչǧͼһһ֣ҲԱԼ
ɣ
ĽǷڴԿ᲻ɴհڣӡ棬̺󷨣ɼĽǷжôӣȻƷʲߣ֮Уȴһǳõ
ħΪϽͻƷʣ߽ףʮƷǰǾͷͬСɡ
ݡ
һǿɱͻȻ
˫֮ǰͷһǿϢоһ飬⣬ʱﵽǿ״̬Ҫ֣ĽǷᦣɰܾڴһ١
޼
һӡӿ֮УȻֱӴ߶߶ǿһ
ٿ
оͻΪһ⣬ޱȣ˫һͰһڵĽǷᦼڡ
¡
оȻǿذĽǷײƣɱըҶѪҲǻˣǿը£򶼿飬Χȫײγɵıը

ͻȻһ˼ĽǷᦱ˲䣬췢ŵѪĭ
ܣ˭˭ƻĽǷᦣ
ʱӱըѪ֮УȻɳһǣͷǿԪһѪֻۣʼ׹ˣһţƺ֪ΪĽǷᦻڱը
ħӣ
ͻȻ˲ҶȣɲԪǰһץħ˲䣬ͬӥץСݺݵץģħһС㣬УǴľ
ˣôڱĽǷ֮Уԭѷڱ֮УҪӷڲɱңöĳϧչأûȥⱦ⣬һɱ㡭
ħʱԹ죬һݣڡ
ħ죬ô˼ƣôնɱ㣬֮ǰɱܵܣҪɱ㣬Ȼ֪Ϊƾɽûκε㣬ⲻ֪ˣɣ
ͻȻȼ棬ħʱʹɳȥϧԪô֣ؼ£ͳһ̡
ˣܽҪʧ֮ʣȻлħOO@@ŭ
ħʮף³Ҳ̫꣬һĽǷᦷ֮Уڲᦣ˳ħը𡭡
ħҶȻվһˡ
ԭħˣķ̳°ɣо޴ôһ֣ڰռˣԭһ¶Ѩһɾ޴˷̳
ǣ
ҶҲһʮɵķ̳˶ٷʯҲǿȴʮһںǿֿǿﵽȼҶгȥūֶһȼֶΡ
ৡ
֮䣬һħƵķ֮С
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻһǿ޵еƣֱӴӵϷͷţҶ˲ҶȲûзΪһģһ
Ҳ˵ˣ
գ֮䣬Ҷǰһֲɫ쵵ɽѤϼ⣬ǰһë۵ǧɰ˽׸ֳ֣ʮɾŽǿߣƣ˲ҶĲʵ̫ǿ
ʲô֣
ѷ壬仯˲䣬ҶȵһӿҶ˲˻ָ
ҶȾϲޱȣʮ̺һˣ˲ָҶ˲伱ﵽ۷壬ʱͻ߽ףҶʩ񣺡Ҷȣ
ʮɾŽǿߣ󲿷ֶŮӣֻмӣЩԪȥԱ½һǳأҪҶλ湦
ǣ
ʮͷǧɰ˽׸֣ò˼飬ҫԪҲӵУȻ͸һΪСˡ
һʱĽʺЩ
سǣ
һ֣ͰҶȾߣʮԪϱ£ݰȥ

ʥǣ
ǿҪɳǵӣ
ӣʮᣬһ򲻻ῴأ治֪ߣΪΪ湦
ʥ֮Уʥ·һ˿ڵ⣬ϰΧڵſڣжҶȣ
һиӷɹ֮С
ÿ
ȻʮӣۣƵλܸߣٹʿӶ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ǰһλʮĳŮӣһŵ͹¶ˣһɽͷźϢΧ빬һƬڵڣ¶һ˿мǺܿҶӣȥ
ಡ
һ̣ʧһģҶջƣվգأŮʩӴ·
ҶʶλӣѾ֮һҲĸ֮ˣμ棬һѾߣΪȴﵽɰ˽۷壬Ҳ㳬ֺ֣үΪҲǿȥ
һ̷빬ʣӷ׷ʧɢȥ
ӣ֪ȥкҪ£УҶȶӿʵ
ĮӦͻδأһأ򶼻𶯣ȥһҪ£
ͻ
ҶһŹȥȥȻĵͻɲˣɽһϾɽ磬¾ɽ磬½ٻС
νһ죬ɾͲ
ûаϢݳȥֻҹȥһʲô£ֻϧֶͽʱѹȥҲֻȥͻ߽ףʵӵͳӣһſɽﶼȥã
ú꣬ΪȵֶһͽȥҲ٣Ҷȴ˿Ѷһк㣬Ϊɽɽ磬ҶȲκεǣڴǱްҲ޲ɡ
վס
Ҫﵽ֮ʱͻȻһٶ꣬ȻͻȻɳҶһΪһ꣬ʮ꣬òãӢټӡ
ͻȻȵӢʲô
Ӣһ˧㣬ӢţƿҶв֮ţشҶֽֽ̣ϣҶƽƽ⣡
ƹӣ²֣ܶкָ̡ҶȶѺ˽⣬ǰλӢһɳǳСӣλҪ߼֣һΪﵽɰ˽ף˽֪Сү
Ҷ̫߽湦вվԲԸӢƺͿҶΪܵͣҶѿġ
Ҷӣǣ֡
뷡
ͻȻҶԭһһ޵ϢȻͬӢһͬͷʧǰڳ˶ⲻ˼仯ˡ
⡭Ӷû뵽ҶȾ֣Ϣȫˡ
ҶӢˣҶ̧֣
ͻأ֮䣬ӰԭأֻӢҶ޼սѹסһͬӢòġ
ܶ鲻ģһֻɱˣˣһΣҲ㸸ǲǳҲһɱ
ݡ
Ҷһ֣޼սͲˣǰҶȾʧˣգ۾ͳǣЩſ֪ʲôˣӢŷεȿֲ飬ĬĬ뿪


558 һ
ҶӣֶΣȻѹסӢе֣ӲˣûձӸƷ
һȺӣʱϷҶͷ˿ӶҶ̬Բһʼͬ
ҶȵһЦĪ⣺ҲʤˣЩү֪ߵغҪ棬类նɱҲһνѵ
ǹӿҪСģΪͻȻõͣԹӲĥѿǾʹ˽չؿռ䣡
˵꣬ȥմһطӡһͨգȽ룬ҶҲŽȥ
˲䳡һδβϱ仯һͨʵһ󷨣ÿһͨ仯Ҫⷨӡſԣ޷ҵڣԼʮα任ͨƺʱһƯյɽҶǰ
Ǵʮ׸֣Ȼܵ˶ռ䡭
Ҷӷɽռ𺳣ħҪǽûг뷨ӡҲֻб
ɽһƧĹȣķɺ׷ȥһռ䣬Ȼɽ硣
ģȥҶȣɣ
ȻĹȴ
ɳɽһɽȴҶĹȡ
ĹںأʵǴﵽ豹زƺȻͨɣ̺
λ㣬Сͻλ㡢㣬Сþˣ
ĹһСһͤƵĲŮӣƷζһ
˵ͻ֮ȫ̥ǣҲἸ꣬ȥһʮŮˮܽһ㶯ˣֻ̬У̺ɷû˸һа
ңֱλŮӣŮһѩĽۣұŮ£Źƽ֣֮ˣҲŮӾʡ
ѩŮŮӶʮʮңŮӶһݳȣ϶ʮòӦŮ֮곤ġ
ӵòֲ̬ͬзֱŮһǿ߳УˣҶȲ˿Ϊ

Ҷȳնӵʵδʶˣ˲𣬶Ҷ˵̫𺳡

Ҷվں⣬֮䣬һ֣ͰҶȾĸ֮ͤϣҶ̳ʩ񣺡
һƳ޵̶̼겻Ϣǿһ֣һùģ
Ҷȿĺܣͻ߽ףȴζܣѣҲ̤֮λϲ
ã˵ľСӣ
ȻλѩŮĿҶϣͬǳһ㣬÷ҪҶȾ֮У֮ܿʧɻѣ֣ãΪȻ޷͸Ϊ˵߽ףԿף
Ҷʮͣ㣬ܳɹնɱħǿС÷ħ֮УŷĽǷᦷͬСɣҪΪħԴСʩչҲ޷ݳȥ
ŮЦͫһĨޣĽǷᦣδ̤ɽ磬ŹһûΪ治öԸ
ħΪûдﵽʮжΣҲޱȣΪ죬һԶǿ󣬲öԸ
òǰǼм𣿡
㣬ʵҲǽңˣ޷мҶȣõһعϵӣоȻ̺˿ѹԵӣòնɣɱħ
Сӣ
Ůܻ˵ʵ龭ȻҶȱ⾪ȵĿ⣬ƺû뵽һССˣΪӵ޷벻Ĵڡ
ãֲҪǣԭͻأĪϵ̤Եˣ
һֱδ˵ŮӣҲɶ࿴Ҷȼ֣ȻĮǻ͸һ͡
ҶȲţֻ챦Ҳƥﻳĵó׸
ʱһֱʵʵҶȣץסֿ
Ҫλ㣬Ƕ㡮ʥɽ确šһλʦϣ
Ҷȣʥǰ
ҶΣŮӡʥʩû뵽ԷȻ̫ڡɽŵǿţһɽ֡
ɽ£һͷ䲻ֳֶڣҲһһɣҶȶִеɣ׹ʶʥִڣҶü
ңʥͨӣһλʦϣҲȨյӵǿڡ
ؿȻȴıóɾԵˣȻòôӣǣҪ࿴ƾĽǷ֮УǴɰ˽ǿ߶ˣһɻܻ֤Ĳ֮
ʥȻĮҶȣȴ¶ѵõѤЦݣЦݣ崺磬޷κа
ͻȻ¶һϣ뵣ģĳҶȣҶʦϣλҪţ֪˷֮ţɰûССףҲҪȥɽ磬ȥ֮λƱػܵż£֮к㣡
֮ϣҶȸмģ
Ҷضʩ񣬵ȴܾл⣬ҶȲţֶֻ죡
ʲô
ʥͬʱһƺûϵҶȾȻܾⷬ⣬֮лһ˿⡣
ȻλŮӵҶȣǰҴ㣿
ҶССŴһɽ̤ɽ磬ɶʶôʶǰָ߸ϵ
Ҷȵú֣Ϊʳ⣬벻ͨ
ʱʥڣЩߣСû۹⣬һᣬΪţ㵹ƴǣ֪жҪţ˵˵ΪҪֶ죿

Ҷȸоڼз֮Уˣƭ˭֪ôǺεǰ²ǶŲֻ֮ǰ͵ǸϹǧŭ
㣡ʥǺȻŮ̾̾ŷʲôС
ʣҶȣɲҪʶôſһһɣǰҲ׼У
֮ԭ뿪ԪȥμӸոչȥֶͽʢᣬϧ˭뵽·ħʩչĽǷᦣҲУʱ
´һɽһ·֪Σգðɽ磬ΪΪֶӣµһĿ꣬ǰ£
Ҷȼæ͡
ǸСͷʥЦЦ
Ҷȣ֮ǰ治ʶҴ㣿ΪĿ⣬ٴοҶʵ
Ҷܲ⣬ΪΣ⣬ʥҲһ治ʶ²ɽ磬ôʶǰִڣ
ãⷬƭ˵ģ
ڣλӵϵŮӣڿ˵
Щ˼Ůӵ㣬ⷬҲˣҪһ飬ܾܲˣʹ󷢴ȱòã
ŮӺݣҶȣһζЩڲͬǹ죬й޷ֲǺܳڣȴвܡ
㣬㿴úʱңţϣҲǣΪСӣöסͱΪã֪㣬ǹİɣʥһ˿ЦŮ˵
϶㶼һʦϣҪ̤ɽƤôΪʦ
ŮӺݺѵ˵ͫǲᡣ
ʥæϴҴˣҴ˻УֲǴ㣬㣬Ϊֶʦϣѵǣ
ֶ죡
Ҷ֮䣬δӦֶĸʱŻȻ򣬹ֲ쳣ʣԭǰŮӣȻֶһʦϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷȸоʧ֮ץסһֶ죬ȴֶǿߡ
ⲻĲ
ĽǷ뻢֮Ҷоͺʧ䣬ԭúô㣬ΪħңȻеõٱǷŲ£ǳΪΪҲ˲
ɽˮ·һ壡


559 ɰ˽
ʥŨؽܵҶȣҴɽ磬ֶ߸ϵʦϣ棡
ҶȻ֪ʥΪߣæץסᣬʩ棡
㣬ΣæŮӡ桱
浭һƳƺڴҶʣ޷ãֶ֪죬Ůӵλ֮£һܳѹȣҿǣǸԸ˹Ƶ
һҶȣԸΪͽ
Ҷ˼ţʥĿ£Ҷȳʩǰ¼ÿŶԼŹ棬ûйزɷԲҳΪֶӣһŹ棬ֻ裬򲻻ưڸݣ
С治ʶôôͲ֪ΪҪԲʥọ̈޲øҶһӡ
ã
֪ͻȻȳһҶⲻֹҲʥ濴Ҷȣ¶һ˿ͬŮɣԱΪ㶼ҪһƽֲģֶɳȥղҪǻشһΨΨŵŵĻҶȻῼ㣡
лǰ
Ҷһ𾪣û뵽Ը׽һȴһƬȻ档
ʥۺ棺һ
Ҳľϲ㣬ô˷޻˵֪һϲˣλͻǴԼԸл㣡
ʱһ󣬲ſҶȣʮϸ񣺡ɵãþǿ㣬κ˲СˣˣҾƸҶȣ
Ҷȶʱʩ񣺡лʦ
͸ųϢߣûô෱ȽڣǱҪʦصֻ˵һأҪΪֶӣ㻹ҪϸĿ飬޷ģҪ׼
ԭҶȾͨʽ;ֶ죬ʦģҶһջᣬκμѿ飬޷סңҶޱȼʩ
ʥһʦ壬ΪҲҪ˵ɣҪʲôֻҪУһ㣡
Ҷ˵ĺܶԣҶȣΰҴæóôӣҲͻ˵ɣʲôԸ㣡Ҳ˵
ҶܸжӦʥ⣬Ҫʵһְսֶ죬Ƿĵлλ⣬Ҷʲôȱ⣬ҶȽǣλκ飬ֻҪҶ֪һҶȾ˵һ֣ͿҲȥɣԺֻҪλĵˣǾҶȵĵˣ˭ҶȶΪУ
Сӡ˻û󣬾͵ѧ˴ţţ
ʥûаҶⷬһ£ΪҶֻһУָҶôСΪܰʲôæ
ҲȨһЦҶ֮ⷬ
Ժ˭Ҳ޷ϣ֪
ҶȾ뿪Ĺȣʥͣʮ꣬ҲҶȱչеľѻᡣ
һǿԾõκ⡣
ص֮ڣв˺ΧҶ뿪ʩչѴӡκη紵ݶ֪
зӡдǧͼڲȫһ׵磬Ҳ׷Ҷȴڡ
һ׼;ͷĽָС
ռ䣬̳֮Ưһ޴̫¯ʱ̳ԴԴϵԣҶȴһԣūȻڰūͳӡ
ħ֮ǰ龻һ˳֣ȻûΣգȴû뵽һȴõͳӣһſ棡
һδξҶȻò˼飬̾ϢѲ⣬Ѵ󷴶棬Ӷлֶ̤졣
ħǿ󡭡
䣬ҶȻǻĽǷ֮УǶĸоûǿʵԶᱻС
ʮ׾ɽ޵дڣɽ磬ҲһɽȻǴʮȻǾް԰Ĵڡ
˵ʮףǴɰ˽ҲͬѰǰǳӣӢͻ߽ףͻȻʩչǧͼ֣Һó䲻⣬
Ҷڲϰūͳ֮ʱԺڻ£̺ԴĦҶȾ뿴ҵˣϧ̫԰ѻ龻¡
ʱʧȥʱ䣬ūͻȻͳģִ߶ԻΪ̶СֿԻΪӣڵūʵ߶£ԶԿκ
ͳӿǿֶΣнõū߶ͳӣɱκδɣҪСģһ칬ǿߣһвһ˿˿ߣ
ҶջõūԼȥںʣķӡһʮƷȻ˼ʱ䣬ǧͼսЩʮƷ϶ҲҪôʱ
ûоָ׽̣ɱǧ䣬ҲҪսףҪõһݣǧſԣƣǧ޷ټģ
ܵʱ壬ҶȾ͵ħ𣬵ǵΣܲ˳õһսף֪Ҫ˲ټ
ڰ׾
Ҷȥ񣬹עūȫȫ̳ſʼڰ׾̳ʵڰ磬֮󣬻Ҫܳʱںϡ
̳ԣӵ̫һҲ޷ʮ٣ʮٿ˲ԣҶֱӴʮ̫һϧʮڷڡ
ǰӦʮɳΪһСڲϳɳĵӣڿţҸʱ䣬ʩչ󷨣ڵūп̤߽ףɾɵ۶пܣ
ҶϸϸֶվסţҪ½һˣ˳ȥɽ̫꣬λǷ˷Ȼȥ½磬Ϊˣһ򣬻ֱӴɽ磡
ʱпգҪµһˣҪѷڵ²磬ײӻڷʮ٣
ۿҪΪֶӣһɹҶȾͿԿʼܶǰʵеļƻ½̫λѡ˶Ϊˣɽ磬ֱӴɽ磬ɽΪˡ
ʵǰǳΪֶӣôһɽȻֶһǿãҶģһܻ÷ˮ𣬲Ҫչ֣Ϊصӣɽӵ޷ĵλ
ӵߵλͿԱˡɽ㣬̫λҶȺòײŽɣһҪ̫λΪǿĴڣѴɽ磬Ժɾɵۣ԰̫λΪɽ硣
ͣ
ֹȥܳʱ䣬Ҷȶ޷̳ռ䣬޼˻ݺᣬҶԪ߶ͣƿնΪΪ׹⣬Ϊǹ̬֮꣬ͣı仯
ڰ׾ǵڰ߾ѧ֮һһúãΪһģֶΣһ콵ҲҪ
ʱ֮
Ѻڰ׾֮ҶֹͣգʶʼԪ֮е
ƯԪأΰʥ
ھָǧ꣬޷ܣĪҪ꣬ʮſԲܣ
Ҷҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ҷ֪϶ϧ޷ܣҪ֪̳֣񼣹رգҶȾھָǧָ꣬ȥ꣬ǧ꣬ʵʵʱ⣬ָֻܸʱ䷨򣬶ܴʱ䡣
ҶھָǧУҲ硣
ǧУҶȶδܣ˼飬֪߽״һαչأǧ꣬˵ǧ겻ʲôҶ޵ˣͨǧ궼޷ܣֻ˵ͬһ㡣
û취֮ǰһƵģҶֻܼȥ֮Ԫʱͱú壬о˯Ƶģꡢǧ굯ָ
ҶȾţϸϸۿһжޣû壬ֱҶȸоЩѣΣŲòֹͣۿ
Ȼһǧꡭ
ָһ㣬ҶȾˣιۿһǧ꣬ԪûԱ仯Ҫǲӵоָò˼顣
ʱͻ߽ף˽ף
ǧУҶһ̫¯֮еĺҶͻɰ˽ûκ⡣
ͣ
ͷʱƽٻ棬ȼţڱڣڷڣܿγһ޴ƽٻ¯
¯Խļ̣໥ȥµĲɣһ¯ڲϵƽ֮ƺҪﵽҶ޷Ƶĵز


560 ɽ
ͻ߽ʱûκ⣬û뵽˽׻¯˼̡
ƽٻ¯γɣ֣ͬҶȾһա
ĽǷᦣҶ˼ʬ򣬻˲ħӶıԴΪҶˣҶȵʱʹﵽ۷״̬
߶УĽǷᦣҶȻصͺ⣬ʱͻ߽ףͻư˽ףҶ̳һ̫¯Ծͱ֮ǰҪࡣ
ƽٻԽƽϢһ̶ȣƽٻ¯γɣ沼ƣͷԣӳһʯһѡ
ɰ˽׾ʹﵽȳ̶ȡ
ܵƽٻ¯᲻ɴݵϢҶо֪ž󻹻ﵽεȿֲز
˻ƣ飡
Ҷһץͬ°޼˻ͷŵ׹⣬ΪһӡҶȻȻһȫ˦һƽٻ¯֮ϡ
͡
˻ʱ׹罣ƽٻ¯֮ϣ׹֮ʱƽٻ¯֮ϣͬһ׹ա
Ȼƽٻ¯߹һ£飬ƽٻ¯ͳΪһƬԵƬҶ֮Уõһоѡ
֨֨
߽ף̤ɰ˽һ̣Ҷȫⶼڲ̫һӿ߶ٴϵ󣬰ѹ衢еһʣͳͳ
Ҷǰ֮壬ȴҲӵʵġ
žͻƣɱ䣬ͻʣҶͬ䣬ͲӵʣǴﵽҲһӵʣֹ˾Ͳ׷
̫¯дϧ˽Щ仯ǰ¯ɣҲ޷ͻƾŽףҪܳʱ䣬һҪһ򣬴ﵽˣһУǶȻƿأ
ҶԼƽԼȥɱ䣬߶̫¯̳Ҷͬʱ̳ҽԪ磬ʼۿ
û뵽ͻɰ˽ף޷һܡ
ԪҶȻǷǲ£޷̺ҶȾܿҶ֪ΰҲżȥƽܣһ沨ĸоȥ
֮ģκʱ䡢κ˼ú壬Ԫȥ˶û׳һͨ
沨һĵķԶûʱ䣬ûоͷûյ㡣
ǣصĿռڲ
ãǺֶΣ֮ȫȻ㲻ԶΪģҲֻ
Ĺ֮У桢ʥ֣໥ƷζΧֻɺվԱߣΧƣһɻǻеŮ
һƺովһŭƽϢ֣Щ壬͸֮ϣ˲գ
ãͱ˵Ѳ֮Ҳɽ磬ÿֱ̤ɽ磬ݻȥɽ磿㲻ǽֶ죿쳣ʵ
㣬Ϊʲôֶ죬Ų𣿡ʥȻƤЩζ
λ㣬ʱǲֶܼ죬չˣܳɳȥ𣿡
룬ԾֵܾʵˣҪ롮ʥɽΪˣ
ʥɽ
ʥͬʱһƺʥɽͬѰңʥĽҵĺãؽʥɽֶ칲ڵʥɽ棬ǳе޵дۣ
ʥɽϹŴɣֶҲȲϣ칬ƺûʥɽʷƾá
Ĭһ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʮͬǺããʥɽţֶ죬ɽ糬ڣýҲ໥չˣγˣԺ̤ɽ磬۸
ԣӴһγˣ۸ӽ
Ĺ⣡
ӣϲΪԪϣգ
һͨڶռڣӴһռ䣬ɽҶȾͶӿ˵
ʮ깦ԴӴɰ˽̤ŽףһΪԪϣӴɽǸ߸ϣȻΪǿߣ˭ҲҶԸΪһ֧֣
ɾλܿ򴫿һԹֶΣɱһ˼Ԫϣм壬ǳأնһЩɾа˷ף
նϳԪͷǿ߳ΪԪϣһδѪû˸ҷԣΪɽ綼޵еģοɽ硣
ܿأԺҪ˴˹գƺҲԲʡ
ģȥɣ
ӹڴ
Ҷȸӣ̽Ĺȣɹģ븡ͤʩҶȼλǰʦ
Ŷ̶ʮ꣬ͻɰ˽ס
˵һ仰ʥͱ侫⣬˵
ҶȣȻţ̶ʱ㣬ͼ̤˽ףʲôʱɾ˺ͻƣ½֮ˣֲǱԴˣ㣬Ǽ񵽱ˣ
֮˵ҲΪɭϣһͷ
Ϊͣããڰ˵ûˣҶҲȷù̿ô̶ʱͻƣ֤㣡
ϺȻһ˻ֵλ㣬ǾʹһԼȥѰʥɽǲõģСĳΪʥɽӣ
浣ĵʥɽͽҲΪϸ񣬾Сӵ磬һҪͨӿʼһɾͣ
ȻҪʥɽʥɽɲ򵥡
Ҷվһԣһֱû˵˵ҪȥʥɽҶȴ⣬𾪡
ʥɽҶȻҲ֣Ҳһ˽⡣
ɽǿɣǳۣǶὨǿֶ۾һλֶ޵дڣʥɽͬԶĹɣи˵ӵ
ʥɽֶ컹ҪƾãΪʥɽӣʮֲףҶȱΪѡΪŻֶ죬û뵽ҪԼȥʥɽǷͬˡ
ؼһŮӣ
ܶ˶Զ󱧸ҪΪʥɽӣҶڲףΪ֮ǰǴɾŽףﵽʮ׾̤ɽ磬ɣֻһֱ
ԭΪͻҪΪʥɽӣѡ׷󣬾ҶҲʮ
Ȼ¶ģ㣬ĺϢκѣҪʱǣһɹһҪǣ
ʱʥ涼վ
λ㡭ʮֲᣬתһࡣ
ߣ
һ֣һصֱͨ񷣬ˣʱ񷡣
ҶȣɲҪҵһ⡭âʧ񷣬Ĭãһֱδ뿪
ɽ磿
һ洩ԽʱգڣҶȲٸоޣһǿѹȵѹ飬ɽһṩʮԲͨط
ʥ߳ʥҶȵﲻɽ磬ɽ磡
ɽ磡
ҶˣΪȥɽֶ조򡱣ôһ±ɽ硣
Ҫ֪ҶȲɰ˽ףˣֻʸһɽ磬ɽǲ˼飬û뵽ɽ硣
һֱû˵ڰѴĨȥʥ͵ɽκƶɽ࣬㼴ɽ磬㲻Ҫײ㣬һ¿ʼⲻһ죬ǲܵѹ󣡡
ѹɽ󡭡
ҶȳˣΪɽ绹ݺᣬɽ磬ҪͬѰӣѵĵط߶ȣٴͷʼһΪֶӡ
׼ɲ㣡
ʥ˵仰ת㣬Ҳڴ˷ֱ𣬵㣡
ȥɣ·Сģ治
ಡ
ʥΪһ裬ɽ磬˲ٶȣռʧ
򻹺ԶȥǰϢһʱ䣬ҲҪһ£Ӧɽ
һ˾Ͳˡ


561 ɾŽ
һ۵糸֮ҶͻȻ֮ϣƯһ򣬹ģ࣬ݽͷǳ˷˳ƺܲʮϸ
ɽ֮еĽһ򣬾ϽϢһ󣬵Ӧɽٻţ㣬û˻Ӧ
ƿſռ䣬ҶʱͿ
򡭡
⻹ֻɽĽ࣬ôһ򵽵ж嫰硣
ɽȻһոµɽ硣

ۿҶȾҪﵽҶΪܼͣʿ̲֪ܽͻȻָһݷ˲һ϶ûҶȷӦ˲С
Ȼƽ硭
ʱҶʵֱͨƽ磬׾ͷ
Ҷƿϣɽڵǿߣȴɽ磬ɽֱ޵еĴڣ˭Ƕ֡
ҶȶоסһУλʵһоͿ԰ɱдΪһϴڣȥƮ޶ǽ˭Ҳᷢ
ǿߣɽݺᣬﶼȥá
ǿͨҶĽ֮ΪǿߣſɲκԼÿ
ڲûٷֱֻһЩϡ޸࣬򲼾ָ׳ۣȻǺϸ񣬵ˣ
գǴҶȾͷһǳ֮УʾˣҶĴ
Ϸ
ֵһʮ߾¥óƷʯҪϷС߲㡣
﷿䶼ǶұСȥ淭֮䣬һöҶǰʮʱ䣬ֶһϣú
˵꣬뷿䣬γɸӷҲӦϢ
ҶסҲ뷿䣬̴߶󷨣ͱȫڲӡûҶһ޷ƽ󷨡
¥󷨵ǲӵдɰ˽ˮ׼
ִֻһ󷨣ҶȻΪһռ䡣
ʮꡭҿھռһꡭ
̫¯õūͳӣҶҲʼ̳ʱ
һ꣬Ҳ͹ȥˣҪûͻɰ˽״ﵽŽףҪԪﵽɱ䣬ʵ
Ҷƻʱ䣬֮һԪʣһʱͨͻɾŽףһҶǰ֮壬Ҳ㹻ﵽɰ˽۷塣
ϧҶȲûҪǰͨðգͻƾףҪ̳̳ԣԣɽҪܳʱ䣬˵ֻɾҶȡ
̳ʵ̫嫣ҶȾһֻϣԾһɽôȥɽҶȼӵ̳⣬Ҫȫȴףһ꣬Ҳ޷նԣͻɾŽ׵⡣
Ҷϻһž޴򣬿һһףҶϣͻƾ磬ֻԸԽҶȴڵǿˣҲһ
һ꿴Ƕ˵Ҳʲô
ڷ˽磬һЩɾʿжҪ꣬꣬ɽһɣһ꼸ֻͻһ磬ﵽɣһ꼸ͻƣﵽɣһͻһݣɴһ״ﵽǶΪλһݣܽǸ߽״ɣӾͲ˵ɵۡ
ʥЩĸĴڣһαչأǧꡢꡣ
ȻҶȱƣΪоָһҲŵʮˣ㣬ôҶΪٶȣɽκ˶Ҫ죬Ϊָıʱ䷨Ҷһʮܽһݡ
һ꣬Ҷȼͻʮݣɾ̤ɾҶһлᣬ̳̫߼ҶΪȥնɱˣֱʯɱУҪ̳Ч̫ࡣ
ҶĽǷ򣬿һףһҶںϣɶû⣬һſ򣬼Ϳԣھռԣֻһѡ
ԣҶȻҪȥðաȡΪھռеڱ쳵ǵҶȴﵽ󾳽磬ԣھָһ꣬Խݡ

ǧôȥҶͬһ㣬˫ۣΧӿ׷ֹͣҶǲ׺ɣϢ֪ȥǧ̫꣬һòװѴɣںϣȫܺﵽ۷壬ֻҪ̫¯ڵͻɰ˽ףŽ׽ݣ
ֹͣȡԣҶȼͷģԪ磬ΰ޵ƺһ㣬ƯӲ񷣬ƺʲô
ҶҲ޿񷣬ϧҶֻܿ񷣬ʲô޷ƣǿһ£ȥȫͶС
沨ϢٴΰҶȣƺԪƯûб߼ʣûĿ꣬ѰƮ˰
ʱ˿ҶֻƮ񷣬֮УҶҲżᷢЩǳǲƮ£ƺҲܿһ㣬ʱʱһƣһ
Ҷȿһ˿оϸϸ۲죬ȴַޣǹĺܣһɫȴ޷á
ؼҶֲʩչȥ°ǰǲ޴ƣֱӿֻȥĻоע
ۿ֮ʵڳ˯ڳ˯֮У磬ѰС
뷡
̳һ࣬ūͳӣȻͳͷһֲƣū̵ҶǰʮƷƣҶˡ
ţ
Ҷ˲ԪūϵźɫѪֿͳӣͳ̺֮ū
ūͳӳ̫ˣҪֶ̨ûֶΣòص޷ͨˣΪֶӣ
ŵūͳӣͷһ˿ڣҶãõūͿԽõū߶ͳӣҶ֮壬ɰ˽ʵԿɣնɱҲпܡ
Ҷɰ˽׵Ҫնɱһףܣ޷ԿɣҶȶԸκɵɣʮףҶҲаʵѶԷնɱ
̫ȫһ磬ҶȻɾ磬ôԽնɱɣǽɣҶնɱɾͲ¡
ֶ죬ǶϰĴڣûɵӣֶҲʲôǺĵӣ
֪ʲôʱ潻Ҷȵǿͷ⣬Ҷ˲Ͱֶһգԭֶصɽ磬Ӷͨӡ߼֣޵߾磬ͿԳΪʦʥʦʦ棡
ͨվײ㣬߼壬ΪߣͿԳΪʦʥʦʦͽܣÿɽ綼ʦʥʦʦ棬ȵΪﵽɽ׼ͿԽɽ磬ִͨӿʼУΪ߼ӣ޵߾磬ֳΪɽʦʥʦʦ濪ͽ
ʥһʦϣףɽ磬ɾǾʦ棬ԭһʦ棬ɽ֮УʥߴڣȻ̤ɽ磬ΪͨӣֻΪɽеʦʥʦʦ棡
ɽֶڣǾްԵĴڣΪɽΪʦʦȴΪɽ磬ȥɽ磿
Ҷͨڲϣɻ󲿷ʣȴЩɻǶ棬ǿߣ͸̤ɽ磬ֱӿԽͨ߼ӣΪʦ漶ڣ
˵ֶڰɽ£ÿɽ綼мΪ׼򣬱ﵽһ磬ܽɽ硣
ֶɽ磬Ӵ඼ɵ֮䣻ɽǴ׵ɾŽףɽǴɾŽ׵ףɽ֮䣻ɽ׵˽ףڰɽ磬Ǿ˽ɵһΪǿӡ
ֵȼһɽɽı׼ÿɽֲһɽֶ׼ǴɾŽ׵ףԽ׾Ҫɽ磬ɽ磬ֶҲһʱյӣЩǴһףҲɽУΪΪǴһףʹɽֱӴɽС
ӵΪֶ涨ӦɽУȴɽ磬ȻҶȺɻ󣬿ֻнֶ죬˽⡣
ɰ˽ףƣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷӵԣƺȼգƽٻγƽٻ¯
һƻ¯ҶȾ̤ɾŽףһͳɾʮףɾͽǰ


562 ͳ

ˮ֮ʣƽٻ˳ǻħצγԭ֮ơ
Щƽٻ棬Ȼһ˿˿ԵϢž粻ϽỺȡﵽһ磬ɵۻȫԣմɳ֮
֮вɳǾ
ƽٻӿ¯ʼγԽԽ̣ȫҶУϣʼƲɢ
ƣ
˻ƣֱץһȭӡȭƣ˲ȫһȭ
¡
¯ǱƵըɼҶʵﵽֲزѴﵽɣһǰ֮壬ɡɡϹ廹Ҫǿ󣬼̻¯Ҷһȭ£ȫΪǡ
ٿٿ
¯ҶôŹֱſһͰѻ¯ͳͳ֮ͬС

ƽٻ¯Ҷʼڣʼ衢Ѫϸڲԣӹ뾫Ѫ֮͸һ˿˿ʣҲ£Ϊޡ
ڴɰ˽ף̤Ž׽ݣʣͳͳԹ£׷ױںɡ
ɾŽ׵һֳ׵ζһ̤ʮ״Բ֪ҵɴǷһ޴ƽ٣
ɾɽ˵ϰĴڣǴﵽ߽ףҲһǿϢҶǿ˵һ꣬ȻŴɰ˽̤ɾŽףҪһɰ˽ˣһУ̤ɶ⡣
ԣȻ̤ɾŽףٴھռУͺ壬ͳȥǷܼԦɽ
һ꣬һ꣬Ҷûа֮֮ǰھռУ϶ɰ˽̤ɣҶһӵа֮壬ͲͨԹ䣬Ȼӱѡ
Ҷ뾳磬̤ɾŽףھռһ꣬ÿͻʮף꣬ҶȾͰѵū뿪ռ䡣
֨֨
ճھ¥ͷ֮УҶȾܵɽȻѹȣҶͻɾŽףоֻǱȸոɽ磬΢һЩˣȫܵɽѹȣҶٿһٶշС
ɽѹײ̾ͱ⣬ɽʼԶӺëëӿ룬ԶӿоΪҶǵɽ磬ɽԶӿҶ塣
ǧС״̬Ҷа֮ǿҲɴɽԶӿ룬ᱻɽشֱը塣
ɣɽѹȣ˵Уʹڷ죬ʮ֮ڣ
һץһǿڿͷ߶ɽͬˮӿ룬Ҷɣͷӿ壬УΪץסʱ䣬ҶȻ
ʱ˿̣Ҷһ麵ɽ꣬ɽ־úصζҶȴ񫡣
ռȻȫԣ󣬵̫磬еɾ磬ɽоʱʱ̶գȥṳ̈ʮףնɱЩ˻ޣǵõȻռԣھռ伸ͻʮףҲŹȥһѣ
ھ֮УҶȸоãͻɾŽףܿ飬ɽһֱӹඥʵ
ٿ
Ҷе֮ʣȻͷͷһÿͷ΢΢𶯡
ϢĪССôᴥͷ󷨣
ҶȱͻӰ죬ֹͣУУоܵɽѹȼ룬ٲ꣬ͿԴﵽƽ״̬ʱҶȾͿɽƽء
ಡ
һҶȾ͸оһŮӣϢͬһ㣬˫ͫһ⣬ͷȻһŮӣһֶӡ
ǿ󣬾ȻףŮȻĵƯȴߣЩˣôһ£Ϊߣ
ҶȸԪϤ£ķκϢʶ޷ӹ˫ۣӦԱ߷䣬ҲһΪ֮УҶǿԪ񣬸Ӧַ˳

ĮضԷŮĪȻȵһ˿
ҶȾͼŮӣضػʦãʦǷ
ٶȵ죬ҹͳȻҲŻصɽ磬ͱ׽Ϣߣˣ
Ϊŭĵʦ㣬һʦһ̤ͬɽ磬Ӱ룬һ̤ɽ磬ˣαίһӣţӵλͲŮӣ㻹ͳһС檣
ԭʦ㣬ɽֶڣͬһʦ֮£Żд˳ƺͳʲôˣһӣΪõλߵŮӣίΪС檣
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷüͷһɻ
ҶȻδֶ죬֮Уȫõ֤ʵֶһŮΪţֶһȣĪǣΪͳеӣͬСɡ
ҲֶŮΪС檣ɲС£
ʦãǲ֪ͽ΢ףҪ̤߽ϼѣʦҿûָֻʦȻʳڣҪɾ߽ףɽۣҲϣãҸӼˣ˫ޣ
Ůӣʦ㣬һϣЪ˹ѡҲ᲻ѡ·ҵӣ㻹֪ͳɽͿʦòһֱڵȴ㣡
ͳֶɽʲôǿͼһţǶ۵г裬ͼҲŰ裬ֲǿˣûκȤͳ꿿ԼﵽɵΪһգһӦ
ĮȻм˵
ŶͼҵһţȻֶߵг裬һǾҲھɽ߽״۰Ĵڣˣֲͳ꾹ȻС檣ԭΪͼҴͷ
Ҷľû뵽һеӣȻǣɽһɵ۸߽ǿߣ˻ֶ۵г裬ֶλжߣ
һ棬ҶȵԽ棬ҶȾڲͬ
ʡ
ͻȻһֲ֮⴫ֽߣ
ǡ߽ף
ҶɲǼ䣬𾪣ָоūɱ칬ָоǸ߽߽ӣֶӦءɽǣȻɽ硣
ͻ
ţһڶȻֱӰѾ¥߲ɣ·κεˡʶΪ촷ۣҲ˵ںڶһ̣֪ж˲䡣
ڶֱͣڿͷǰҶȾͿӺڶ֮гһ޵Ӱһ绪˫İꡣ
̫ˣͳ꣬ôɱ˶ôˣǶ޹ģʱһȷŭ
ںڶİ꣬ȫһͶӰЦɽ磬ɽޱߣɱ˼ǧˣֲֹͣ˶ʣȥɣͼɽ磬Ĳ̣
ˣҺܣͳ꣡ľľܾ
ʡ
ͳͻȻӺڶһֻ֣ͷκ£ΪƬ
񣡡
һͻȻͳҪͷ֮ʣ淿һ
ͳ꣬Ҫ˱ɣȻ硢λ㣬ȴ裡ߺ޺ȵ
»ͳòŮˣʣԽҾԽ˷ܣԽҪõ֣ΪţͿùܾңߣﲻţ뵽Ůˣûеòģ
ͳ꾹Ȼż˵棬˵ⷬ޲Ļ
㡭վɣҲóѣͳǿʵ£ֱֿ
ΪԱУ
ͳ꾹ȻͷŸǿһѹۿҪ򿪷ţνʦ㣬ȴŵòҶ֣ŷͱͳúϡ
ҵŮˣʣ֪ұǶг裬ֶ֮һԺֶ㣬ͱң
ͳۿҪ֣Ȼ¶˱ɡԣɽ֮£۸һŮӡ

ͻȻһ޵׹⣬Ҷȷŭͬٲһڶ٣ݵذѺڶռɱþͿ飬ͳֻΪޣڶʧ
ɶ񡭡Сӣ
ͳϢǿȴǴںڶҳƺʮ־޼˻ס
֨
򿪣Ҷһ߳Ůͳ棬˵ոյĵӣͳ꣬ٵΣˣΪʦ棬ΪˣҪѣ


563 
ɶһͨӣڱǰղúýѵ㣬㻹֪үмֻۣƣСӸɱˣ
ͳƺͻףɱ˵ӣȻͶӰںڶʦ
񣡡
ʱ淿ͻȻһƣȫͷ׿ֲƣҶΡȻ忴ͳ꣺ôҲǰɽڵǰȻգҺýտĿ
ʣҵ£ûֻ꣬Ҫֶһ죬ҾͲŹ㣬Ҳ飡
ͳȻһɫ䶢棬Ȼɫ˲䣬ݺݵҶȣСӣվͲɱ㣬㽫գǲΪŮ˵ĵӣͻ󷢴ȱŹ㣡
󷢴ȱ
Ҷɫһʮƽڵͳ꣬Ϊ仰ڸɽŰɣһɱ㣬סҽҶȣجΣ
Сӣ²Ƥӵúãϣлɽһ죬лʰ㣬ûˣӴֶУʣԵƣ
ͳһ˵꣬Ӷһ˦ݺݵ˼۱ӣڶʧ
ʦ㡭
ڱҪת뿪ɽһ̣ס
Ӳûлףڲʦãʦãﲻ㣬Ҫʦ㣬Լ
ۿʪˣŷֻӱӰͿʲôӣʦ㣬ʲ㣬ÿ˶ԼѡʴɵһǿԼҲǣҲǣ
ʦãǧҪͳЭ㲻֪ڸɽ磬гŮ檶¼Ĵڣ֣ܣҪУʦˣûѡûкҩʦãҪסúñأ
ৡ
ǿʹ࣬ľѣ־˺ռ䣬ͷһγֱ̤ͨϰɽ硣
ռѷͻָԭ֮һϢ
ߡ
ŭڣֱƿҶȾʹȥҶȿ¥Ϊ棬ٽֶΧķû˸ҽС
ʮ˾ͳһεȻĲԭûҶõ˼ƺȵղŲʲô֣ǲǿʦǸӣҪΪʦ
ʦ⡭ֻǿͳСѣҶȫŪףΪ仯Ů˼׽
治֪ߵغͳ׸֣ԣֶӹҲ޷㣬㻹δ֣߰ɣҲʦͽԵ֣
澹ȻҪҶȣȻҶȺڱԼͳ֤꣬ǸرСˡ
Ҷ˿壬治ɫ棬϶ʦҶжʹȥʦ㲻ھΣʲô⣬Ҳʦ£ҲֻʵöѣԹ죬Թˣһͳ꣬ⱲӣҶȻδ¹ʲôˣǱͳһڱǿУҲδ¹ֻҪͨУŻᳬԽκˣվɽ۷壡
ʵ۱磬ͳǰȷ޷ԸģúǰͻȻҶһƺ˵ˡ
ǲһʦҶɾ磬һɽֱӴɽ磬ʲôʵֶΣͳ꣬ҲӦֶΣվǰҲκβңͲõģκǿУ޷ֹҼֶ죬ԼƲѵĿԣͳʲô
ðɡ
Ҷһ֮ԣĬһ󣬲ɿڣȻ˼֣Ҳ޻˵Ҳ뿴ʲôͳԣʲô£ֶ棡
ȷֶɽǳһɴڣֱһǿߴ̨Ҷֶ㣬Ҳǲ򵥵ġ
˵Կͳ꣬ҪҪֶȥ涼УһԴʲôá
ͻȻɫһ䣬ͬİһ㣺Ҫסһ㣬ֶֻ·ˣҲʦͽ壬һֶ죬Ҿûʦͽϵ˿澳֮УҾҪֶܲһ·ƽ̹ȥ
ǺǣҶһҲʲôˣʦҶҪģҲ뿴ֶ̨ܰô
߰ɣ
ಡ
һƾʧɽƯա

Էɣɽأɽ嫴֮Ưһ޴ݣ춼»۵˳ݣȽ㼸ɽ֮һ
ɽһأڣһɡ޷ֶֻ̤ӲʸУֶֻӼԦӴմ󣬳׳ۡ
⿴һݹʵһ޴磬ֶ֣öɣɽ磬ϡ٣ݽǹڵͼɽҲǿɵֶۣҲ칬һԽǿУͻɽɵۼߣΪֶһް԰Ĵڡ
ڲֻǳغ٣һƯɽһʰ쵵Ĵͨͨͬɽɽڻ཭ӣɽԭεòС
һϵ¥ǹɽ֮УһƬӶǱޣЩҲȥһЩֶڲһЩ÷
ֳֶɣڶӵжƿصĽɣӿȡ۸Ȼһ벻ֶ˵Ǿ𷨱÷
˿̣ããֶ֮Уһϵĺɫ¥Ⱥ¥¥һ˸ԵңΪ
ֶС֮أʦ漶ߵӴڵġ鷨ߡƿء
鷨ֶܵӣʦʥʦʦ漶ǿߵӣ޷鷨ߣȻ鷨ȴмеȫ
塭
Ȼ¥һ졣
ಡ
¥߳ʮˣǴʮΪǿգһͨ˹ʩ񣺡֪λʦ潵󣡡
ң棡
ͨһʮ˺⣬˶һ𾴡
һͨʧҶȳϷʱ߳һŮӣŶʮߵӣׯ߹ɭȻʩ鷨Ѱ̰ݼʦ㣡
һһŮ֣
ҶȰһû뵽գֶ죬ûüһۣһ֣Ұм˶湧ʮ֣˽Ѱ̵Ůӣֻ΢΢ǰ˿Ҳ
˿ĵѰʦý㵱ֵ
Ѱ̶׵ʦ㣬ʦõֵ鷨ڸָʦ㣬ʲô¾ܷԸѰ̱ǣ
ҪһӽţҶȣпܳΪŵӣѰʦã͸£浱ˣΡȻ
Ѱ΢΢һĿҶϣû뵽ʦҪյӣǴϲʦģҶƬ̾ͿԳΪֶӣʦ㿴صˣг֮ţ
ҵ˼ǣҶȽֶ죬ǰڶʽͨһ㣬ҪˣϸܽţѰ̣¾ͽ㣬ҶȲͨˣȥɣ
澹Ȼ˵仰ȫܲˣʧգʣҶһղ֪롣
鷨棡
Ҷû뵽˹ϣϣҲãԾܲԣɣ棬ѰʩҶȣǰ
ȻѷҾֱӴȥ龳ѰûΪȥҶȣ鷨߻ص󣬽žʹ·շȥҶչȥ
Уһٶȷգ̤ܿһͨͨѣһ㡣
Ѱ̲ûжҶϵ˫ִһӡһ޵ӡǳˣѰƽҶʵչأȱм¼
ҶһӡǣͳԼ֣ҶʩҶȣɾŽףǷһ꣡
һﵽɾŽףٶ죬ԱΪһΪһɣɾŽףӵֶΣֲ㣡
Ѱͫͷųɫʼһ뷨ӡܿ취ӡʧˣе龳ŸרΪ˵ռ䣬ΣأǴɸ߽Ҳܶ飬Ҫܴжȡö𽣣ͨһأ
һأҶɻˡ
ɹȡѽ𽣣ŵӣڶҪһλ鷨սֻҪܽסУвܣأʽӣҵʱͻƣݣɵȵȣ
Ѱ˹˵


564 ݺ
һءڶضף鷨߶Ǵʮ״ﵽһףҪҪС
׵֮ͨУҶѰһܣоͷֶ첻ɽ糬ͽؿڹȻϸ
˵ҶɾŽףɾŽסɾŽ׶ͨؿڿ飬ҪΪֶӣм򱶣˵ڶأ龳Ҳ֪ɶѽ𽣿϶öᡣ
ŹȥһʢϣɽţһǧˣɡɱȱȽǣмʮһǿߣһͨ飬һ붼ڵһ龳֮зҪ׼
Ѱ΢ѣƷӡͨҶǰһ޵гţͨŻδҶ˵ͨͷһ޴Բ󷨣ʮɳô޴
֮ǰһ㳡㳡֮Ͻһϵķ̳ƺ󷨹ؼ̳֮ⷨϡ
龳ˣ
ѰһͰҶ˲뷨̳֮ϣǰ嫵󣬾һ޴Ѱ̵ܵɽһǧյӣɽ֮ʱֲһɽΪ涼ҪԽɽ磬龳ѷգû龳޷ģ
μʦ㣡
ҷһɽڰеĹ˲ɳʮλŮӣżٸеӣеƨ棬ЩŮ
Ѱ̲ŭɨˣŮǹѣеӸͷֱѰֶ̣죬κеûŮǲֱŮӣǾߣλ߲ſԡ
һѲ֮Ѱ̵ڽܵǴ龳Ҷȣ龳ˣ
һеӡһʱ䣬мŮڶ棬ۣ˷׷׿ʼҶȡ
ͻͻͻ
ʮλŮӣ̳룬龳󣬿ʼ׷ͬʱעһӡ龳ǰһϵŻŻ򿪡
㿴ҶȵӣģֲӢΪҲߣΪܵõʦල
ҿûϣһء
ŮӳŻ򿪵ĹʱץЩеӣһĽʺޡ
Ѱ̺պ˵ʱʮֲ꣬סֻҪͷע龳մ󣬱˰ӳ
ಡ
ڸĿ£ҶȹϷŻ龳

龳Ƕأ֮ʮָһǺܸĿռ󷨣
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͽ龳ǰһƬ֮УϢ֮б塢ɱ¾ааħԹȵϢ޺龳ֱʲôڡ
ѽ𽣣ҵҪܲסҵĽŲ
ҶȿʼϢСԭȥһ·ٵʬǣսµĺۼֱǧٿݣһҲΪ
֮ǰҶȾѰᵽ龳ǳΣգȻУڵ飬ǶֶǿߣɽķץޡޡԼиӿֲﷸ
ɽΪ۵һֶץסһ㶼նɱ׷׹龳ؽ𽣣ħаеǿдﵽǿߡ
˵ǴʮףҪ龳˳ȡѽ𽣣ҲϣãҲʮʱ䣬ʮ꣬һξ
ƺнݺᣬһǽ𽣡
ԼһʱҶСҪһƬֺ֮ʣͻȻֺɢһ
ҶͣϢֺҪ׷ٽԴ
Сɡ
ֺҶȶͻȻһΪ˲䣬˸о
ҶһƬҶϣǰֺɽȣһͷ󺺣ȫǾʹһãһӡ˸Щӡ͵ڼѹ޷뿪龳
ͷɮ˴磬ͷоẉ̂һ⣬׳Ϣǿһλ֡
ʮףǴﵽʮ״ԲʱֶӡѹƣԶҲ޷ͻ
Ҷȶаɮľɫɽ硢ɽǶһǿߣȻץֶ죬·ӡҪؽ𽣣겻ѡ
ūԡϣʲôūɮŮˣûܶߣ
Ȼһº֮Уɳһλȫ㡢ļ£ջĵĳŮӣͷ˹Ŀ
ৡ
Ůӳаɮʱʼаɮһ˫壬ѹаɮаɮŮʼƻ˱治Ŀ
ԭЩˣ龳ӹôûΣգܹ˼֮£
ҶȰҡҡͷȻ龳ײһĻ
ţԣŮ֮УȻ¶һ˿˿ԪƻϢĪŮаɮ֮ʣҲڹƻ
뿪ҶȣȻŮͷŵԪס
һаɮʮףһɣһҶȸûаնԸһˣаɮͲһˡ
𽣡
ͻȻ֮䣬аɮŮȪ֮Уȥı֮ϣȻѶĿ𽣣ͷĽ⡣
ѽ𽣡аɮŮһһѣ̫ˣðҲֵãһ¶ȡѽ𽣡
ҶȼϢϸϸ˼⣺ڶֻʱǶʮ׸֣ʵһʮǿߣֻҪһңͿ˲סǰУҾûлȡ𽣣ֻķݣ
龳飬˺龳ȡ𽣵ˣֻػ𽣲˶ߣֶ´ɣҶȲõΣգҪһγֲɹһͬʱõѽ𽣵Ļᣬܡ
ֻеȴлᣬͳ֣ʵûлᣬֻѰһѽ𽣣
ɮūΣϲϲūң
ȪڣɮŮⲫŮצ§סаȻ˫ͫѪɫͷҫаâ
ԸŮϣ
ɮƺȫŮɫ֮УһУŮʲôȻ˼ͻش
ǡԪƻ֮еĺһ壬ó˷ĪŮһ
ҶڰһУҲϸǺôŮǹаɮĪʲôĿģΣһˣһɮŮƻʧǣұץסȡ𽣣
û뵽ȴȻһ˿ת
Ը·ԶŮ
аɮȫʧɫ֮УҲ֪Ůƻ֮һóͨɮ̰ɫ֮Ѩ¾ҪŮϡ
ūҾаһͬȪ
ŮȻͷһ֧ĵѪ̣аɮģͼѪȻѪŮ塣
Ȼֶ֮ɮҲҪˡûᣡ
Ҷȶʱ߶ȫŮʩչȫаɮ֮ʣʩչǧͼͬǷѽ𽣣
ţ
ŮͻȻһаͬʱֹͣŮƺʲôҪѪ̸ջأǻûͿҶƹ˫ץѽ𽣡
ɶ񡫡
Ůŭˣ˲նѪ̣ɱ
ҡôˣ
аɮҲѹƺǵ÷ʲôվȪﲻ֪롣
ɮЩ˾ȻҪȡصĽ𽣣ҪǱȡ꣡
ѶסҶȥ·Ůʼаɮȡ
аɮſҶѾץסѽ𽣣ǱŮգаɮʱߺСӣҶĽ𽣣ҪƤ
ٿ
аһ㣬ʹȪԾһˮˣͬͬ¶ŮߣָҶƿڴ쵰
Ҷѵõѽ𽣣û뵽ôףҶԷҲɱҶ˿壺λǻǼɣ𽣶˵ûж壬˵ȴǼֶ
аɮûͷԵĴ˿ûŮֽţȻаɭɭȵޣûн𽣣Ҫ౻꣬ߣֶ춼һȺ˵ӳȥҪֶŮӣһһСӣȰʶʱΪܣΪߣ㶯֣û˼𽣣ӿ
Ҷһݣߣ龳᲻֪꺢ӣôɱңû
ɱ㣬ǲңǿؽ𽣣һΪȥɲֶӣֶҲ㲻аɱ˵
ȷǸ
ҶͻȻסϳֹĪЦݣû뵽㣬Ľ𽣣б£ץסң
ȻˣͿʲô£аɮŭˡ


565 սаɮ
ʲô£ǽȻ֪
ɹȡѽ𽣣ҶȵǴ󹦸ɣֻҪٶȡһѽ𽣣Ϳ뿪龳ɵһؿˡ
Ҷ޼ɵԭ򣬾Ϊֶй涨նɱ龳ȡ𽣵ˣаɮŮǶǴʮϸ֣龳ɽ磬Ƕһһ
ҶҪʮǿߣ϶ǲܣǶԷֲɱҶȣҶ㹻Է
ɱŮͻȻһγɰİ׶У˲˺֮ס
ৡ
аɮɲͷֺڻһʳָʳָָ⾹Ȼ˲ɽɫҷޱȣ৵һһָҶȴ˹

˲ӿаɮٶ֮죬ʩչֲͨѸ֮ƳҶһָȫ֮
ҶȰ׼޼񽣣аɮӽǰһʱѸͼһ޼᲻ݡ򷨵Ľֱֱָ޼ս֮ϣҶȱ͵һȫʧȥ֪˫ö
Ҷ𾪵ǣ޼˻ɵ޼սں̫һӦ˵ޱ߼̣аɮһָ֮£̳СڣŵҶ亹ֱðû뵽Է׾ͻٵԼǿֶΡ
СӣȻеֶΣ㻹Ϊ赲סУһδȫʩչˡ
аɮҶȾ벻ʮɣʮɾ룬Σޱȡ
̫ˣ
ͻȻҶȸո׼аɮһ֮ʣŮȻΪһӰһ׶Ѫ죬Ҷҧ
˻ƣ
ҶȿɲԴеˣаɮ֮ʣŮΪҶ֪ŮʵаɮҪ̫࣡
䣡
ͣ
ѪԭŮ̬ҲǺ꣬ԭΪҶҧס֪Ҷȷ֮䣬ĳƣ԰˻ƺݺݵѪ֮ϣҶֻоһ
һܵʮǿɳԶŮҲܣȻһ±ĳöѪԭһ˿˿׹⣬һ㷲Ĳ
аɮŮ־ٶŭüһᣬʵŮû°ɣ
ŮΣɱǿʢĿƳһҶȣСŮӵûʲô󰭣ֻСЩ죬ʩչףʮأЩζԪܲ
ߣ¾٣ҵ޼˻ױǵڰٵĴڣǡÿŮ
Ůжʹ࣬ҶΪ޼˻֮ŮִʮҲܡ
ɷʥ
аɮԼŮ˱Ҷ۸һ㣬⿪ʼڹĶŴëɫϢȻȫΪƽɫȥһԶɮȻʥϢ
ɷʥ
аɮͻȻΪһɮҶȵǾ֣оаɮŵɷʥһźѵõ˵ɽҲûмͨƺһյĻ
һسʥζ
㵹Щ۹⣬֮ܿɣŵɷʥǵһߴģһŴﵽ˼ɼСӣǿ֮£
аɮȫΪ˽ɫͬһƽ
򵥣ɼ䲻ҲͬѰԶŷŹ
ҶȸӦ֮֮ǿӦаɮÿһκʹɫëסϸ֮ȻƤγһ̷ϢһƷϴʮΪаڴɾ޵ֻ֣Ѱѹ
ʥǹ
ȻǿҶȻҪʩչǿֶΣһ޼սˣֹʥǹ
㻯ʥ
аɮŷҲҶȺвһֱһӣʱռ𶯣ƶ飬аɮɫƤƺ˫ֻ֣ʳָͷ޼᲻ݵĿƣаɮʥˣҪնҶȣһָҶȵ
뷡
ϴǧͼʵҶڽָһָ̣ǡʱϧҶȻûаɮֶ˳һƽƣֱһƳ
ͻ
Ҷȱܿٶ˺ܶ࣬ʵаɮٶ̫죬˵ȻҶּʱǻǱаɮƽ
ʯɽ𣡡
аɮĻŹҶȣţһսҶһ̣аɮʱβӰһָҶβӰȻΪ˽ʯ
ꡫ
ҶβӰʯаɮһˡ
ಡ
аɮȻԳԽͨ˲ٶȣһֱҶβӰһδδָ̳ҶȶȥÿһָȻ޷ҶȴҶµĲӰһ㼴УӰΪʯȻ顣
ݣɷʥʲôһ£ΪʯҪ˻壬Ҳɽʯ
ʩչٶаɮΣʱҶȿӰӶɽʯз飬ʲôֶΣ˿£аɮǧγ֣̳ɫָҶе㲻ѽ𽣡
һṦаɮͶǧΣһֱûץҶȣҶβӰֺʱ£ʱʧĶִɱ
СӣӶãӵó龳
аɮȻһ侲նɱҶȣȻÿζգһҲżƺҶУϵ⣬׸
Ϊһһֱ׷Ҵ򣿡
ҶͻȻ߶ǧͼڼգȻһһٰʮȴת壬аɮ޷׽ҶһָҶȲӰͳ˽ʯǰκβӰҶȺƾʧˡ
аɮͻȻܵһ˿в

ȻһʥʥǹҲգͻأش̳ǳаɮҸ´ʥǹ̫ͻأаɮûзᣬһǹҸ¡
Ҷһдʮףɱ˶ԷҲ˵Է
ȴǣаɮܣͬգҶһǹ棬ʥǹһֿҪĸо

Ҷüͷһ壬ʵ̫⣬ȫһʩչʥǹȻ޷аɮ
Сӣɶ񰡣Ȼ˱ɣ񶾣Ҫ㾳ٸߵ㣬ǱҪǹ£ʯ
аɮͻȻ˫һϣɫʼ䣬ͬˮӿʥǹ
ꡫ
ʥǹƺаɮסƾҶôץ޶ԣҶȻаɮӿĽɫȻסʥǹʥǹʼΪʯرаʯ
ؼҶȻԼڿռ䣬Ȼаɮƿء
Ǵʮ׾ͷʵ֮ǿԶҶϣڲ֪֮УҶһƬռȫƿء
СӣѽбܣߣǹҪʯҲΪʯȻͬһ飬
аɮŻתûż֣ŵؼͷǰѹʥǹȫʯžҶȣаɮЦģôɱ㣬ɱ㣬ҾԶ벻龳ᱻֶĥҲûȤǣֲŹ㣬ͷΪ㵤ʯ޷УһӶҪڱ֮£ﱾ³
Ҷ治ɫȻ޷һ£ʮƿֲ̫ѵĵɷʥû
аɮڨڨЦСӣҲԷţһ޷ƣֻ㣬κζܴƣĵɷʥҲһᱻƣ
Ǿƽɷʥİ취ҶϽһֹթ޷׽Цݡ
Ϊβ
ʱŮΪһ৵һаɮһԡ
ɱһֻöԷΪʯȻ飬øɸɾС˰죬ʹ̫Ҫھﱻʯ޷ԶҲУ
аɮЦЦһ°Ůӿ뻳ʼ޼ɵ˼£׳
Ҫū𣿡ŮаɮȻֳѪ̣Ϊ˿Ϣаɮġ
ǱŮˣȻҪʲôҪʲôҪǲ㱾СıĺƤаɮ˫ۿʼ˸΢΢޹⣬۽ǻΪѪ졣
ŮͻȻҶȣһЦǡɱ
ţҶɱ֣һŮ͸оŮڿЦ
аɮƺԣûκʶʼľʬ⣬һɫǣŮҪɱûؽ𽣣׸Ů
ҶȻ޷ʱһ˲䣺Ů˵ģҿκŮ˶ҪĺȻԻаɮ֣ɱңɱֶӾͲͷ㣡
ܲϧ̫ɮҪǱ㿴ֻ·һҪֶ֪ǰЩ˶ɱģһ·ȻҲֻȥ
Ů˫ֿʼӡͷ֮Уһ˿˿ɧζ治Ǻ꣬¶걾


566 Ͷ·
ŮһıƣҶȾ͸оëڷŮʵڿ£ŮȻǶЫĳ
ǣ屾жд̣ǵͷܰǵѣСӣˣﲻ֪˯˶٣Ȼ⣬Ѫȡǵ
ŮʮָʼָףۿҲΪ졣
û뵽־
ŮչҶȾ֪Ů϶ҪɱԼԴӽ龳ҶȾΪûκΣգΪֶй涨˺龳ȡ𽣵ˣڣŮȴ˶ɱˡ
ŮȴʮǿǰҶл·
һжŮңԭҶУûеģû뵽վ

аɮȫŮƿأ飬һָͳҶͷ­
ƣ
ž
ҶȾֹۿаɮֲһǰ֮壬ҪǱ㣬ȫʯǾ޷֮ױŮƿء
ʱֻ̣ҶͻȻһ̫һǹʥǹͬһʥ֮⣬ɲһ汻ʯĽɫʣȫһžըΪƬҶȾʹһǹӭɱаɮ
񡫡
һΣʥǹаɮָײâǿײһ𣬱ˣֻҶ˾ͱֱɳȥһڵ֮ңͻᶼ쿴Ӱ١
׷
Ůһа˲ʧȻֺһƬգͼҶǱոշǽɫϢаɮµ⡣
ŮһҶȺö˶˵վգһСӣû㾹Ȼܴаɮƿ֮УӳȥһʮǿҲܣȻҸۣ
Ů
Ҷڸоܵаɮǿȳ£޷ۣҶǰ֮壬ڴ֮ϣֻǾ̫ͣҪǻûӵа֮壬Ҷȿܾ˲Σߵаɮ˺顣
ҪǲŮɱҶȾҪǿУֻҪа취ɱһҶȾоͻߡ
龳СĴռ䣬ҶȸӲŮ׷ɱҶǿԣʱ뿪龳һ뿪ҶȶȡʧܣҪֶѲܣֻ˫һ᳹
ǰߣܣɸӦҲǷͬ죬Ҷȴ˿˵ֻɾһ
ӹһΣҾͿܷӹڶΡΡɱŮ߶аɮͳҶȺֱײɱȥ
Сӣģ
ŮȻҲԭһſ˫ָ֣ͻȻ䣬һ׶೤ޱȣͷԣŮֱӾͳҶڿռץȥ˻ǿռ䣬ͳͳҪŮ˺÷顣
ӣ
Ҷȿɲ𳬼ǿֹҶֻѡܣӲƴаɮŮͬʱһ̣߶ǧͼ龳ȥ
¡
Ҷԭؿռ䣬ȻŮаɮͬʱ÷飬Ů߸趯ħаĿ⣬߶аɮɲ׷ɱȥ
͡
ʮ׸֣գ۹龳׷ҶȣһպۣаɮֱһָҶȣ
ٿ
ͬʱ䣬һӰ˱޼񽣣ֱһնаɮŮ֮죬ڵʯ֮䡣
ͣ
аɮڻɱǰҶȣûֵֺҶȣ޷Ӧ޼սջڱһѪۣаɮǽɫҶһаɮģҲҪӡ
ϧ˻ܵ޼սն£аɮֻһĿѪۣ޼ս˳ƼŮ

ŮаɮаɮƣʧǣûκǿܣŮӦʱת趯˫ۣʮָָУõס޼ս
Ǵʮף岿˼ӲƾָףȻ޼ս濹⣬һ㲻ҲϷ磬쳣̣
СӣúݵֶΣЩԲ֣͵ϮҪǵ㾳پһЩﶼϣ
Ⱥ裡
ŮݾϮʮսḻҶ߻ᣬ֪Ҷȹ֮󣬾ͻٴַͬߣָָףȻһݲס޼սڲסҶȣӳָ֣׻ΪƳҶȴ
Ůүү޼ս͸ˣ
ֻҶȷӦҲͬһڰշԾƷɳŮΧȻתͶߡ
ɱ
ȻŮ˲䣬ֶζͳͳϣаɮȴɱͷͬ׷ɱҶȶȥ
žડ
Ůס޼ս˲仯ΪӰŮָָ֮ϢȻҶȷӿȥŮһ𣬷ָ޷޼սʧɫǺεܴɮƿ¹컯⣬ڻͻҵƿأֱӶȥ޷ѹѵСкβ
뵽Ůɼ׷ȥ
񡫡
˿һƬԭɽ֮䣬аɮҶս֣Ҷߣаɮ޷˦аɮǳ£Ҫһע⣬ͻᱻˣֱӱʯ³ֻ·һ
ҶҲߣаɮֶΣûӳԶаɮֿʼ֡
аɮûʶһ߿ܣӦ빥ʽ֮ǰҶӦӦ֣Ůаɮν֣ҲҶս鲻ߣͨõˮ
ãŮ׷ɱ
ŲκŮͻΪһ޺âӺƿնͻͻͻ춯ǿҪը
ɮȥͷ򣬳ѹŮ߶һаɮ´
áҶ򣬾ͼ̱ɫҪ֪ʮͬĽǷһ
磡
аɮȻҶȶһɲǼ䣬ͻȻϯռ䣬ʱҶȾͳڽɫȣĽɫɵĽ磬˸оһڲ
Ҳûа취Ⱥҵ޾Ҳ޷ֹҵжҪûлᡭǾʹ߶ͳӣ˳նɱ
Ҷȹѹƴǧͼӳ򣬲ŮΪԼ޴ӣһľ¶ǾҶһֱȴᡣ
ǿ߹УҶȳôǧͼʣн֣ʵΪûһҶѰ龳ʵǷܶȡѽ𽣣ʵڲܡ
һߵͷҶȾͻᶯò칭ֱͳӣǿſһԶԿ֣ͳӣһ߶˲
ҲҶȱֶΣһ߶Ǿնɱʮ״´࣬ǶԿҶҲаա
СӣͶ·˰ɣ
Ů˲ҶȺ󷽣аɮѿ򣬲ó֣Ϳ԰ҶŮնɱ
ŵŮҶȹţŮΥֶأпɽ鷨ߣҪǸҶҳ֣һᱻĥ
ִߣŶ£
ŮڳһģȴȻа鷨ôʵ㣬ɱôˣΪ뿪һѪԪ󷨣ͿԶֶӳȥ
ѪԪ󷨣
ȻһҶȾ֪аͬСɣһѪ๦ȽаǰҪ׼Ѫһ߶ͿԶȡǿţޡ
ҪŪУ
ҶȿɲǳصģȻŮܣԿΪֶûжȡ𽣣ҲƸΪӣҶȿɲȥȻίߣұ鷨ߣ׸֣ҵԪУһɱңͱӦŮͣܶԿǿߣ
ף
Ůʱסˡ
ҾͿŮǲɵҪβܴߣ
Ҷ򰵰ˣʱ취ߣֻҪʮʱ䣬ҶȾͿȫ龳˵ʮףҲҵҶȣŮаճ̫Ҷȸ޷˦Ϣ뿪龳
䡭
ͻȻһɫӡаɮ˫һӣҶȺͻȻ׺֮ƻҶȺ󱳣˲ҶѪһʧȥ֪Ȼ˲ַӦ
Сӣᱻ㻣סɽôܴǿߣֶأ׶ءɽ磡
Ů˸ſ⣬аɮ֣ͣŮɭ䶢Ҷȣȡʱ䣬ûõģ
ŮĻģȻûƭ˶ɾ裬㡭
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶһֱƵĸоִܳԵȥȻκΰ취ŮУֻвɱ


567 նɱŮ
ƭֻ·һɮɱŮƺûģ߶ʼаɮ
ȻӲǾսúң
ҶȰ̫⣬ղűаɮƣָҶȿʼƯգͫͷһϢ
Ůаɮͬʱ֣ͷװʲôɱ
ڰ׾
һ̣Ҷ˫ͫȻչϢͬǧͿһͬһӰƿն߳߳سаŮɱ䡣
͡
һͬ˿̫֮죬̫ͻȻŮûзʶͱһ׻УаҲǡ
ͣ
ŮаɮʱΧ֮УУѪǵͷħ
ৡ
ŮǱʩչͨγɷסףץסӳϸС˿ڣɿ˿ڶˣûѪƺ׸ˣһ󽹳
컯ȭ
ȻŮӳ׷аɮУؼûʶ֪ߣιȫսˡ
Ůûд߶аɮ֮ʣҶȿնɱаɮûᣬ׷޷ƶתȫΪӡڴ߶Ҷͬɱ֮Уаɮźݺһȭȥ
䡭
ҶȾȻ˻ȥаɮһ̣ʹƤͫڱʥ֮⣬컯ȭڱը֪˶پؼ컯ȭвѹаȻǡðɮԺ֮лʶɢҲǰŮԪйƻ֮ˡ
ŮɱңûǸ¡
סаɮҶԼ巢飬д߶ڰ׾ʱ׼Ů֡
ôһ£ۡ
аɮȻѣϧһװΧֻˣκΣֱ֪Ӷߣˡ
ŮɲߣаɮһаɮҶˣѲҶȶ֣ӵնɱҶȵľʵŮɻô£µӡǣΪλ޹⣿
ҶȿŮһץӿаɮƣоҶȿŮôƵĿܣѾߣҪɱ𣿶ԣ㲻òɱңһ˵ȥ֮أ
Сӡ
ŮÿѪҶһѪ
ҲˣŮʵ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ҸоڣƺһʢѪһǶȡɣһȡұͻɾҶȾȻǿӲ
㻹һɣ
Ů֮ƺڳ˼ʲôȻɭɭЦԭȡаɮٰѪԪ󷨣ȻûаҲһңɾܶԿʮף϶رˣ
б£ɣ
ҶȻסԪʼӿڰ޼˻ףʼ߶ӡڰ׾
߳߳
һף˲ͬȣƿգŮ
ɶ񡭡㾹Ȼܿף
Ů৵һһߣһ׾ʣȥͣع
Сǹ̥ͬ죬˿޷ϡɱȡ
ѱ֮ʣŮһ˫ͫͷ̰⣺ϧ̫ҪǴﵽһף治öԸһɣҿȥ
Ů֮ʱҶȻҲ취ɱŮȡǹɾ
Ϊ޼˻׸ɱŮֻܶһƣһֶûʩչʵɱֻܶ÷
ҶƯգƾŮߵһ޼˻׾ŮûʱҶȽвɱҶѾڰ׼׼ᣬ˲¿ɶŮ
龳ڣ̫ӣҾͶͳӣԴӵūôãһʩչվŮ
Ҷȿɲ˾ӣԸǿУ׼͵ŮʲôַôҶȾлᣬͳɱһʧȥᣬŮͻߣҶΪ޷ȥ׷ɱ
˫˵ᶼܿɹ
ѩ
Ůڶ֣Ȼ˦ףͻȻʩչһŷֻճʮһģһŮѩ磬һҶһ⡣
뷣
Ҷû뵽Ů˵ãǷÿӵдʵͷǳֲһʮǿߣôֻܷô࿰ȴɵķҲС
˵Ů츳ͨ
ţ
ŮǻǱһЩϢ֣ҶȾ͸оʶ֮УһˡջԺƺһŮ壬ڶҶȻ֣ȴҶȹȥ
ͣ
ţûҶȷӦʹӿµӿȻҶȫΪ˽ɫ
ⲻаɮҶȿȻΪʯŮȻаɮѵɷʥŪ֡
ջ֮аɮŮһˣֻҪԪǿ󣬼ǲᶨ϶ᱻ츳ͨ񣬳Ϊū
ҶûȥԪ֮һͻᱻŮҪȴŮţΪƣԻȻ䲻Ů֡
ʱ˿ҶԺŮѪ͵ջȫһ˿ңƺռʶʼʶʧҡ
ֲаɮǵǿߣȻᱻŮԻ󣬳Ϊɱֿܣ˵аɮһԪǿͬҲᱻŮ츳ͨƻ󣬺һĹƻ֮ɶ칤ܷ
ҶȾŮƣڻŮŮ׷֣ȫ磬޷԰ΣԶ߳ҺҶȲܵԻ󣬷³аɮһģһ
СӡΪǸβˣٺ٣һ
֮УҶȴľƯʧȥʶ˫ۣŮΪǰһҶϣʲôˣһ㵯ԶûС
ٺ٣ϲһˣԽ׳Խǿ󣬿аɮȻҪǿϺܶ࣡
Ҳ֪һССɣΪһֶһʢѹȥСܵ龳һֶһǿйһǿΪһ˼ģ
ϧˣȴժӣֶŮӣһӣƽʱһߣȴг裬СӣҪǲֶ죬ѪԪ󷨣˳̤
ŮѵΣȫƿҶȣҶȾһֻ׵ᣬһҪҶȵ
ӣҵĹԹԣܸ߽㣡
Ů˫ͫһֻΪµ⣬ˣŷȡǣŮҶȣգۡ
ͳӣ
ͻȻŮϿճһ̫ӣҶһ֮󣬾ʹڲһԽһ°Ůͬ˦ǣһ¾;ڲ
򣡡
̼䣬ҶȾ˫ۣĿ⣬ͳͳ⣬գȻ߶չֳ
ʲô
֮УͳӾƯڿУڲϷײŮ湥ͳӣӳǸܣͳʮƷɵҲӳʮƷ
龻֣
Ҷ˫ַһӡֻŮͱ龻֣شͳڲ֡
龻֣ҶȿնɱľͨκֻҪǴɱ龻ֽҶȾͿʵɱҲһ
ô㣡
Ůڻ龻ڸ޷һ£Ҷȣľ𣬲˼˻
ŮΪһɣֶ̤죬ǿǿˣǣԼӵвֶΣɣ
Ҷȸ߸Ͽʼ߶䣬龻־ͻתһ֣涼ܰΧ
ūԸΪūΪū
ֱͷŮȷûκΰ취Ҷȣֻ󣬵ǻ龻Ѿ壬ŮҲʧȥ֪ΪԪѾ龻ֿƣûʶûҡ
ŮŮ֪ϣңұ˵־»Ȫ
Ҷ˿Ů龻ƷҪҶҲǷˣŮʵֶݣһֻ·һ
ŮƻѪԪ󷨣ֶӣ龳ǸҶͨоֶΣ˵ҲͬаɮЩˣŮУš


568 ײ
填
Ż龻ŮҶ̴һΪͬģ壬򣬼ֶ龳Ĵ֮̽ӣҲᷢҶܣΪҶҪռ䣬һ
ȡʮʱ䣬Ҷȶȡѽ𽣲һ겻ʮҶ˵̫ŮزܣҶȾھռṩʵٳȡѽ𽣣ȵٱ׷ɱ
߶Ҷ龻ͬʱʧھָڡ
ռԪԪ֮ȫԣӵʼҶ̳֮ϣʼԣ̫¯ȻҹͣתΪ̫һ龻־Ҷǰ
ݡ
龻תٶȼӿЩռ̳໥Ħͷǧ򽣡
Ҷ飬̳Լ깦ҶȾͼŮ龻ɹҫŮҲ¶һֻѩϧѾûԪ˫ͫƺͷǵ⡣
ָһŮͻΪҽŰɹҫǰ߹ҫ֮ŮʮɵӣҶھ޴֮УȻʣһŹҫ
ҫڳѪȣȻһѪ̳ԼֱһɣƺûɣѪ̳ƯһѪ̣һѪӤѪ֣ЩѪӤҶʶƺ֮ҪΪħͷ
ŮȻûƭˡѪԪ󷨵ȷһѪаʵаɱôˣԪЩѪӤ֮ѪӤѪӤֲˣͿתޣȷʲôҩöˣ
Ѫ̳аѪӤëȻѪӤʱѪ̳ɱȡ࣬
ϧѪԪ󷨲幦ħҪǳħЧӾˣŮŮװΪ˼£ЩѪӤʮ֮Ԫֻߵ˳̶ȣ㾳粻ͻƣǶԹƵĳЧ˵ܴﵽɾŽ۷壡
ͳͳ
ҶȾȻֱԾѪ̳֮УҪֱоѪѪӤѪӤɲ򵥣ŮѪôãһ̫ƷѣѪӤѪ̳֮մ
ء
˲䣬ƺҶԾѪ̳ЩµѪӤһʮ˸ѪӤͻȻѪ̳վһѪ˫ͫðѪ⣬˫֣Ҷȿʼ
˻ƣ
ʮѪӤŮɱǿɣȡʮ˴ǿߵԪɣȴɾŽʮףһۼǾŮĶ֡
ֻϧѪӤûʶֻжѪ󣬹Ҳܼ򵥣˫˺壬ѪԵѪ⡣
һץҶȱ˻ƣѪӤһ°ʱѪӤʮѪӤ˲ס
Ҫ֪Ů֮ǰҶʩչڰ׾ȫ˺ۣЩʵŮûκ˼룬һĿܶѣҶȴ߶˻ƣǡôѪӤ
ȿʮ֮УûһԪѪţ
ΪԷһҶִһ޼˻ףγ󷨣ʮѪӤסȻſʼһУʮߣѰҪ
ʮӵҶȲһɣǰڷˣҪʮȫſһ飬ûаꡢǧʱܣһ궼ܡ
ʮѪӤʵʵѹ״֮УȻ뷴ȴ״ѹֻܿҶһֱ
ģʱƺ仯Ī⣬ռûκα仯ǧ֮꣬еָ
ǧ꣬ҲŹ꣡
ײ
Ҷȿл³߸֣ҶҲݣ¶ɣ⣺ǧſһպӵһ԰ʮѪӤΪʮ׿ܣ
ֻҶ˫ֿʼһϵķӡڷӡ֮ᣬҶȽӡٶȱʱ˰ٱΪҪԦԣȻƽʱʱ߶ӡ
ٿٿ
ҶȲϽӡΧӿٶԽԽ죬ҶƺһУϽӡ˲ʮȥҶͻȻ˫ۣ˫֮һƬƬʥĽɫƬ

ҶȶһѪӤһץͼҶʵʵҶǰײסײеҶȣŷҪҶһ̵
ᡫ
˫һϣ޵ĽɫƬͰסѪӤŷѪӤһʯѽɫƬݺݵΧһͻͻͻ춯֮ѪӤͲѪɫŽ׵Ŀܣ˫ͫȻײС
ײûɣֻףҪѪӤʶɱɿܣ벻ȫںϡ
Ҷ΢΢˫ۣһӡӿѪӤֻѪӤϽףȻ˹Զ
Щ׿ɲ򵥣ȫӡɵ󷨣һС飬ȴѪӤͿԶ׳󣬶ҶȻֱӴһã޷
׹̫࣬ˣһ޷ףӡɣҶȻǧɣӲȣٿƷӲȡ
Ǽȥһǧ꣬ҶȲڰѽ׿ƶɣһץ׿ܾ˫ֻۣʥûһ˿а񣬴ͷŶװÿһ׶ص϶ɣͨ
ôһ׿ܣһɸ߽ףһʮ׿ܣ͵ڿʮɰ˽סŽǿߣ
ҶЦ˻ѪӤǴʮѪҶײ֮£Ϊ׵Ľ׿ܣԽɣȻ޷ﵽʮԲʮһͬ߶ǾлնɱɾŽסʮǿߡ
ף
ǧųɹһ׿ܣ˾飬ʣʮҶаһɣһ㣬ʮ׿ϣҪʮֶ꣬涨ʮޣвһʱ䡣
ʮ꣬㹻Ҷȶȡһ𽣣ʮ׿ܣҶʵҿԵʱʹã޼ɵӴ˶Կʵٶͳӡū칭ǿſµҶȾͿ沩ġ
Ҷ̿ʼײӡٶȱ֮ǰһϢʼӿ飬ؽ׺󣬶ʮѪӤѹ׺֮
ͼ׿ʼѪӤϣʱʧҶȫõʱ䣬ӵоռ䣬޼ɵ
ʱȫ㣬һѪӤͿҪȫǣǰѪӤΪһ׿ܣһ꣬ʮѪӤͳͳΪ׿ܣҶͷһǿԪ񣬸ʮѪӤ
ٿ
ʮѪӤҶ׷ͬʿһ㣬Ҷ࣬ǽףͨȴ̺󷨣ֻûжԣɽɣҪȫ̺ԣҶһʮͷų˾ͻᡣ
ȻûԣɽɣҲԶԿκδɡ
ʮ˽׿ܣԶ
Ҷһ£ʮ׾絶ūͷŽףҶƿصɽ
Ѫ̳ѪӤҲȥǱŮնɱǿߣհɣ
ֱӳëëȫ˲俪ʼѪ̳ѪҶ࣬ͣѪ̳壬ˡ
˼꣬ҶȲŰѪ̳оѪ壬Ҷ֮У衢ϸ˿ȴʮ֮󣬿ʼɱ䣬һҶ֮ڣȫͷŴϢɡ
δﵽɣǴϢɽ죬ֻҶһˣȥɵ۶ҶǴɣɡ
ҶҪȫҲҪɣ˭ǰ֮壬޾ҶȿҪһ󹦷ӴҪȻˣҪ˺ϼѡ
ҺҶʲô࣬ʱ̫ࡣ
ʱһߵݺᣬ̫һںЩ˴
ֹ˼꣬ҶͻȻϢʧ˷ŷﵽ˴һ㣬ƾˣ̰ʮ׿壬뿪ռ䡣
ಡ
֮Уһģ龳аͳǰ
龻֣Ҳ׽аɮϢ
߶ԺԪͳһСͻ龻֣аɮһʼת
аɮаɮҪɱңȴŹ㣬㱻ʩչˣŮȡ㲻ôʮ꣬һûлָɱûᣡ
Ҷȶڵ˴Ĵаɮǿ֣Ҷ񾭹һʵʮ˽׿ܣҶҪаɮ֡


569 ȡѽ
аɮٺ٣ҵˣ
Ԫ󣬻龻ֺȻֹͣҶȾ͸ܵаɮһܵˣϢ
ৡ
գ۾ͻΪһ裬ʧɽ֮䡣
ɾŽΪҶԶԿɵͽף߶龻ָֻҪаɮκϢԲ׽һɽ硣
ɲǼ䣬ͻͻͻһ֮ҶȳһĹȣڻĹӵһһʯڲһҶϤķͬϢаɮǰԵɷʥ
龳֮ڣŴɡɡԼ޵ȵȣһ㲻ɱϾֶѺﷸִڣڲԭ˯һҲᵣΣ
Ĺ֮£˸ʯ֮УаɮУΪ龳ֶֻӲſƿأⲻ֪ҶӵзǷֶΣ޴ӣҶȿɲһˣȻ־Ҫøɸɾ
οһʮҶǿ
ҪҪаɮ״̬ҶȻȥҸ鷳һʮ׸֣ܴҪǻƽʱҶȸ޷նɱʮǿߡ
󷨵ǲƺҲһʡ
Ҷ˸ʯϷɨһԪתʩչڰ׾һ㣬һ߳߳ʯ
¡
˸ʯ޼˻׶֣һ飬ѣһɫӰֱС
ɶ񰡣Сӣ㣡
৵һɫӰٶȳףߣ֪Ҷȴ߶ڰ׾γһסȥ·ѻð̵аɮ˻
аɮҶȣʱðɣ´һþòŵСӣҲɱ㣬ɲҪңҿɲŮҪƼˡ
˵ֻаɮ㻹֪ΪҶʵ㣬ŮѱնɱԭΣ
Ҷȱ뺷ȵһץһֻͶӰͳаɮǰ
ΪɱŮаɮȻסͫ˸δйɱ
һ𣬺ͶӰͻΪӰҶͷžֱս飺ʲôܣһʮףаɮ𽣾ϣɣҪôɱң߽𽣣ֻɱ㣡
ȻҪǱ»Ȫ
аɮ˲ӿǽɫʣֱչָΪ𣬰ַȻֱҪҶһҶа֮壬ҲҪˣ߱һѪ
ʮ˽׿ܣ
ҶһҲˣаɮȥһʱʮ˵ɫâ˲ɱаɮʮ˽׿ܣͻͻͻسаɮץȥ
аɮüͷһ壬ָǰһ׿ܣڿܽ棬ûʯŵаɮľʲô
񡫡
ʯ֮䣬ʮ׿ͬʱץаɮǿ壬ͬ׺ʮ׿һй£аɮͷȫûһ㡣
ϧͳΪҽ֮·ϵɣ
һӰǡôаɮһԣһưаɮͷ­֮ϡ
ɶɮݺɽ꣬û뵽֮ϣаɮ˫ͫ鱬ѣƺڷ׿ȫ޷ƣһ̣аɮһˡ
ҶȲָᣬָһץǿʵаɮʶ˵Ĳݺ꣬ɱ˶ˣҲн³Ϣɣ

һԪҫҶıŷаɮûƵģԴһᣬҶȵ
龻֣
ҶȾ͵߶򣬿ʼ龻֣аɮУʮ˽׿ҲУ龻ֿʼаɮҶȴʱаɮʮļ侫
ɷʥȻһŷŹ뾻󷨹࣬䲻ȴ߼ɼ˵ɽ磬ֶҲ߹ɽ磬޷߼
ʮҶȾȫаɮԪ䣬Ԫգаɮһо飬ȫɾҶȡ
аɮǴʮǿߣȻݺءɽ꣬ɽɱ˲֪ˣеɱ飬аɮһҲΪϧаɮһȡıڱֶץסʱͳͳߡ
ɷʥžǰ⣬Ũһ㣬ȫʵˣ
ܿҶȾ˵ɷʥǸ߼ɼҶ˵׾ڻͨղ٣ɼֵ
뷡
龻ֺȻʧһӴɳҶץģһ棺ŮǿӲ࣬аɮ𵤡ȫɣ
һӾͷڵǿž޴򣬽Ҷְаɮʣһ߿տʬҲ⣬Ϊ촷ۡ
ɽ칬϶ͬ죬β֪ѺˣҲ϶춯أϧ޷ȥȡ
ҶԺȻֳ칬칬Ѻ޷ɷˣɽ칬֮УһȻڵ򣬷ͬѰ
Ҷϣ칬һ޴ʳȻζˣȴֻԶԶۿɷҲ
ʣһѽ𽣣Ǿͼˣڹȥʮ꣬ʱ䲻࣬ȡ𽣣뿪龳ͨڶؿˣΪӲܷģ
նɱ޵дʮǿߣȡо飬ҶʵȻûͻʮףԿһͽ״ɡ
Ҷ̷ɽ壬ѰҽϢ龳ʵķǽϢҶҪһϢ֣Ϊ׵취
Ƭʪ֮Уһѽ𽣽ϢӣһƬأŮаɮ޾̫࣡
һ󹦷֪ɽԭҶȽһƬڵĴ֮£һϢĽ𽣡
һƬޱߡ֪γɶʪأսµĺۼɼֶȡ𽣡
˭ҵ򣿡
ƺҶȴͻȻһۻʪݲϸϣȻͼһˮ֮Ȼһͷīޣһɽǰһ۽𽣡
Źȥô˽龳ȡ𽣣
ضҶȣһͻȻ׼ҶȣСӣȥ㣡
Ҷȵ⣬һ˵ؽ𽣵ޣЦǺ˵ŶƢԵ
ֻǸؽ𽣶ѣڸ߼ޣ޷ɵۣܣ칻ʱ䣬ͻع磬ϧ걻ֶץסû뵽Сʻ괬Ҳⲽأ޸ûжս⣬˵ڴ˯Ҳ֪ƲҶȣĶ֡
ҶȵȻô˵Ҳ㣬Ҳɱʮǿߣ㶼ϵãһǺһаɮҲ׶֮ͽ𽣣Ҳ˺Σ
һֱɱǿɶŮɮ
㿴
ҶȻһץŮаɮͶӰֳѽ𽣣ͳͳޱչǰ
û뵽ôȻɱŮаɮǸɫ֮Уָնɱû뵽ôؽʮ꣬ۿҪڣʱƫƫ˽𽣣
޾ȻЭˣһѽһֱҶȣһûƢټޡ
ѽ𽣣
Ҷģ̾ͰѲס𽣵÷飬ⲻ⶯Ǳ޿ȻǸûƢԣҶ𽣣ޣȻô˵ҽ𽣣Ҳòʾ޶ϲѪйֺ뿪龳ңңڣұ֮һѪţŮһѪӣ͵һ⣬ס
ಡ
ģͷ޺շȥ
Ŷ
޻ǺСģôֽסһһźɫӣһԣȷûΣգȡԺ󾪣ȻѪԪ󷨣Ǻһ׷ţŮӣȻˣ࣬лˣȥɣϣպл棡
õô޶ҶǸм˸߲Ҿû֮£Ӵɲʧ
⣬ѽ˼򵥣֪Ͳðգٳɹ龳ˣͬ
ѽڵõʼ֮Ǿգѽ𽣣׵֣ҲһͷޣҪаɮ¾Ͳ׵õ
һͨˣڶأҪ鷨ߵп飬ϣҪ֡
Ҷ̴һӡ龳֮УԼʮһϴ֣ҶֶܿӰ˸Ҷץסѽ𽣣سϴŷȥ


570 
ಡ
龳ǵϴţҶһзɳ̾ͼڼ̨֮ϣѰϰٵڵȺ
ɹˣ
Ҷѽ𽣣еӼ˲侪Ů⣬еӸǷߺޡʣһѲ⣬ЩҶȻɹȡѽ𽣣Ҫ֪춼ʮ˽龳ȡ𽣣ɹߣȴֻкһ֡
ɹȡЩˣ׿Խʵﵽ۷壬ﵽȼǿߣҶȼûչʣûиΪȴ׶ȡѽ𽣣ɹò˾
Ҷȣϲ㣬ǰŵӣ
ҶȰѽ𽣽λŮӼ飬ȷûй첻֮ͬѰҶȱʾأһ׼ܵڶؿˣ
ǣǰ
鷳λʦʦ֣ǣҶѰ뿪֮ʣǺܵô壬ֶŮʩ֮뿪
ͨڣҶȸѰ档
㲻Ҫ̫磬ÿȡߣҲв٣д뵹鷨£һ㶼Ǵﵽ۷壬һ׵鷨֣߳УͬȾ磬Ƿǳŵ޷мܣ
һͨѰ̺ȻҶȣΪ
Ҷܸжֶ촫˵ҲģÿŮӣǸ߸ϣӲڽ£ֻЩ߰ˣҶȿѡҵϲǰԿң
ȻУʦˣȻܿ㣬ļලߣӲܿ㣬ӵ鷨ߣвһ룬ļʣԺܴ󣡡
ѰĮȻҿʦǰ㣬Ȼж֮ǲܵģ춼ǿ̭߱
ҲҪ̭
Ҷеԭֶ쿼˾ͺѣûΣգִɷ緶̭̫ϿҪ飬дɵͨġ
ٿ
ʱͨͷѰ̴һӣҶϤǰ֮ѰҶȺȥš
ҵ֮֮ǰһ˵ޣ鷨ߣ̫̣
ҶﶼûȥʵȴȥҲκζʱ˵ڴǷ͹ȥˡ
ҶȣϷȥ䳡
ֹ죬һǧ֮֮ϢӭһλŮӣֱֱֳ˵һ㳯ȥҶȲҵ̸ȥ
һ·ϣҶȶû˵оǰŮӣн䱸ӣѰȫ̬ȣ֮лһ˿м
ƹ¥󣬱һ¶㳡㳡˷һʵͼͷۻҶȿóһӡ󣬰ѹ㳡ӡڲκζѹ
ö
Ҷ㳡ͱŮڲ̧ͷһϷһٶʦʦλȵ鷨ߣռһ룬ȫɢһ߸ϵϢʣ´ʮ鷨ߣҲǸѱ
˾Ӹ£ҶȣŻǧͨΧۣһ֣Ϊ˶˵ҶʴҶкڲ֮ͬҶҲ˽ۡ
Ҷȣλʱ࣬˭ȥ
һٶ鷨ߺȻ˴򿴣ѰҲС
ˣǲңʧ棬ҾȥԣŹ£޲ɣ
鷨ƺûж˼ŷڼɵҶȵ棬ֲҶܵõȻǹϵ
ڣΪߵĴڣף̤ɽ磬޵еĴڣҲɽֶػߣ֮һ
һ鷨վһһΪԾס
ʦ֣οˣɱλ֣
ͻȻһŮӿŽʮ꣬һƺ֮ǳԵؼ鷨ߣŮӶɼɵ֡
ѰŮӣ׷׳Ůʩ񣺡ʦ㣡
鷨ߣֱ˵ѰʦãȻලߣͺúüֶ֤ɲ̾ĵطҪչ㵱ڸ֪·ˣ
Ѱ̹ǰ̨Ҷȣǧ˵ڶҪ鷨п飬һУ鷨֮һڶ֮ȫʩչҶȣˣ
ҶȺ𣺡Ź棬Ȼأ
ҶȣҪģרģ
Ȼһ޵ֱƿգ͸㳡ӡҶȶߣͻҶüһǰʲô˼
Ƴ֣ҲǸղŸӦɽͳйأпܣ⣬ͳ㣬û뵽ģΪʦ޷Ҳܸţ뿪ü
ʦ棬ڻ·ͳ⣬Ҽڷ뿪Ҳδ뿪򣬾ֶԸң棬ð취濹⣬һ׵ȷǿ󣬵δҾͻϣ
Ҷ˼Ϊ侲ûбǿ塣
ǺáҲû˵ˣҶҲ޷Ӧںδ
ಡ
ʱһֲϢֱɱ㳡֮УҶȼæȥ·ġʦ㡱
棬ͬƵģо۹ƣ߹ͫһҶȣ֮ûκҶӳֻľ˵Ҷȣ֪͹ӣ³ʲô
û뵽ԷһֱӱĻҶȹɵĵԭǰͳˣǰɱҰɣ
治֪ΪҪעϣ
һƳ綴캮磬Ҿӣɱ㣬˱֣ǲɱ㣬ֲܶԹӽ
Ҷһ𣬺Ʊŵû£겻ʵǰҪĪҵг裿
г裿
仰ӲмϣǱƺֻΪʥ࣬װ˵㻹ûʸг裬Ҫϣ㵱гʸûУвˣ԰ʹ͸ǣΪг裡
û뵽ӡ
ҶͻȻһȻЦ񶾡綾ЫļˣȻҪҵг裿ǰװʲôߣҪߣͲͳ꣬˵г裬㲻һС檣һӣһС檣ʸ˵ҵĿˮ
ҿڳۻ֮֣ձͽ
ΪҶȻͷһҡβ֪˷תΪִߣɽ޵˭Ҷ˶ԣñơ
䡭
һʱ䣬ͬˮҶȼзͷ׷ǧף׶ˡ

̨Ϸһٶ鷨߿һĻֲ֪ʲô飬ȻƣҶһ
ؼҶȾȻֻǱǧףһѣܵѣȻûκ˺𾪡
һУǰȫһУڶаɣ
֮ʣҶȾȻֹͣȫûκξǿ֮
ǵһΣѵ㻹ڱڶ£ͻȻҶȾǺݺһץ
߳߳
ʱҶƽĿռ䣬ȻȫѣѷԵʯٶȳҶȶֱҪҶͬռһ飬ݷ
Ȼƿ㳡ռ䣬޷ƶһ£
ҶھƵƯգſռ䲻ϳԼӿ飬ް취ҶȾҪ˺Ƭ
Ϊλ棬ֱҪɱҶȣĪҶгޣ棡
鷨߿һĻˣȻǰҲ鷨ɱߣţͷһΣƺ֪ʲô鷨߾Ȼûվֹ
УҶֻ䡣
ɷʥ
ҶȾȻȫͷһӲӵн⣬ʱΪһռǰ
գ
ɫȻֱӸɣٶҶûͷųһף䲻⳯ȥ

û뵽Ҷƿ֮£ʩչɷʥʩչ˿µ֮ǧ׻ɱʵҲһѣһ䣬׾Ͷ顣
ʣ
˿ڸ̨鷨߼һĻİƾɼȻڹϣȴֶֻѡ
Сӣ㵹еֶΣˣԳ֣
ȻģҪɱҶȣոջףֻգ۹򣬾Ҷǰһƴ޷ƥеΰҶ


571 ӵ
Գ£ҶȾȻһǿûѡܣǶߣǾȻֱ濹⡣
ѡǷӲ¡
СӣûãҪ֪޷µģ
üͷһ壬ɱ𣬼Ҷȼʮ˽׿ܣȻǶӣһɣֱ⣬ڶʲôͳ꣬Ķɱ
Ϊ߶ʮ˽׿ܣҾͲţ޷ֵסһһƣ
ҶȲ߳ʮ˽׿ܣӿӳʮ˽׿ܣȫҪһС

ʱ˿̣̫鷨ͳͳվһĵӣҲ۾գ£´˲䡣
֣
мʮ˽ףҪһͬʮ˽Ҷȣͳͳһ飬ӿɱɱͽ״ɣ˸߽״ɣƱҪնɱҶȣ
žɱҶ֮ģֻǿһֱƿնԴݿƺݺһƳʮ˽Ҷ
񡫡
һۻʮ˽֮ϣһ̣˶Ϊ׻ᱻ÷飬ҶȲҲҪзϣԻ£˭֪ݺˮʮ˽֮ϣȴͭǽڡ
ʵȻûǿܣ
һʱ嵱
黹û꣬Ȼʮ˽׵סû飬ҲΪ⣬ϳһЦͻȻһơ
¡
õӳ֣ͬըʮ˽׸𿪣ֱҶȣӷ棬˳һնɱ֮ƣҪҶȡ
ǵУǵУ
ҶȻսͱ޷ƥеشҺʮ˽׻ȥ󲿷Ϊ߶ߣҶȻҲܵʵôԿּȻٴγ֣Խޣʱɫ䣺ѵֶ죬ûԣһ鷨ߣȻǷ޳Сˣ
ʵǷ棬Сӣˣ
ķֶӣĸûҶŭ˻𣬵û˵ѰҲվȴƣƳҶһ
Ҷ޷߶ʮ˽׷ܵش޷ԿҶҲ֮УɱҶ̡֮
ȻĺҪǰɱңҶԴУֶ찡Ҷԭ㣬û뵽ȴʧ˿̿ʼֶУȻˣҽվţҪɽγ
ҶüͷۼҪɱǰҶѡ񣬰н⿪ūӡҪ߶ūõūﵽȸ߼ɵ״̬Ѫϴֶ죬Щ˸
һҶȴ߶ū˲ͻ䣬ûи߽˭Ҳ޷赲ūʮūͿԻ
ʦã㾹Ȼŷ棿
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾҪͷŵū򣬿ɾʱһϤͻȻڹ㳡
һִ֮ץҶһ֮ңʱֱӸȥǿ
ʦ㣡
ڴ֮£һСȫѹȥһһ޷ֺޣճһ߸ϵӰ
ݼʦ棡
鷨ߣͨӡ߼ӣͳͳնֵ湧ʩ
ֱӿʦãŷ֮£㾹ȻԽ棬涨µĹأ
һŷʹϷ棺ʦ㣬ԿҶȣûʲôװɣ
ž
֪ճڣѹĴֱ֣һƴϡ
㡭ŭʺգŭض棬ϱ
ʦãһƣǱ㣬ӷ棬ԽϣٿĪ磬Ϊɽ棬Ȩලз棬ҷȥΪ龳ؽ𽣣¾Ͻ鷨½磬Ҳͬ⣡
鷨ߵ棬ǿӲ˫׸еƣ˵ҪǲұȰ龳
桭
Ҷһû뵽ʱ̣оֶ죬ڤڤ֮ҲҶ˳ֶ̤졣
ʦˣԺ񷨹棡ǰڶ湫ȻЭͻΪˡ
ѰʦãҶʽ
˵һ仰Ϣʧˡ
˹ͣҶɳ̨ʱͿеӶĽǼʣڨЦƺ֪ҶȽкùӳԡ
˼֤£Ҷȵõ¼ݣƣɵȵȣҶȶеĶ죬ڣҶԸԳΪֶӡ
ڣҶڶһӡֶз֮֮࣬ҶȲֶ֪취ϿһʵΪƸҪɱҶȣԽ編档
ΪʲôĿŵȻնɱҶȣҪ鷨ߣһβǱΪɽŰ衣
û뵽ֶ취Ȼ檡裬裬еҪŮκҪƺֶΪг裬һϹٵ£
ҶȿһЩ棬Ϊȣԭг衢Ů檶ֶǿ˽֮£ȴǷ湫Ȼ
ֶأɽ磬ͱΪﵽɾŽףܽɽ磬ɾŽףҪʮݣﵽɾŽײܽɽ磿
һ֮ҶȴüͷΪ棬涨Ҫȥɽ磬ﵽȵľ磬ûдﵽ磬̤ɽʹҶҪһɽ翪ʼ
ģ˭ֻ֪ᷢʲô¡ֶЩ˵ֵһᣬ
Ҷ⿴һЩ䶫ͨ˭ֻɾŽףͨӣõ͵ȵģɵҲǣǸ߼ҶҲһ¡
ҶȣԳˣ
ȻɫĴŻ򿪣һŮĮ
ҶҲ˵ûŮһۣ뿪¥߳󣬱Ѱڵ
ҴȥĶ죡
Ѱ̵ʩҶȷһͨһδηУѰ̴ҶȷһƬԭ۷֮ϣһƯݣݾеֶνĶ츣ء
ҶȣͨƽҪȻʵﵽɣֻҪһЩ񣬾ͿԳΪ߼ӣŸոսţ¼֮УɽţӣûһɾŽףӵдʵʮֿ׿ԽߣֻҪ㽥湦ͻõɽ翴أҲΪصӣ
һҪ㣬Ҳ֪ʦ֮ʲôڣҪСģֵ͵ʦ㼸ʦڸɽ磬ˣպ񣬾ͻ鷨ţ
Ѱ˵ͼԦͨʧ
츣أø󣡡
Ҷ಼£ͷ붴죬ȻǱж죬һƬ޴ԭвٹϹ¥ƿض췽ϡ
Ϊ˷ֹ̤붴죬ǿӣҶֱʩչһӡ붴֮УԺκ֣Ӧ˵˻ᴳ룬һܽ롣
ţ
ͻȻҶһɽ壺ôԪ񲨶
ҶˣǿӦӦ֮ڣȻ˴ڣҶһͳɽ壬һƬ¥󷽣£֮ƯһŮӣ档
ƺȴҶȡ
ҶǰӼ棡
ʵ
֪һ仰ȻűϢתҶȣڽʩչףĨɱͳ꣬ΪӵܶԿͳͶӰû뵽ԿΪȴдʵ
棬ҶȵûҪ棬ûбֶΣʵɾһɽ̤ɽ磬ÿ˶ԼܣĺȻͳ־Ҫնɱң
һ䣬ѵǵɱ㣬պػ뾡ǧټƣԸ㣬Щֶκܶ࣬Ϊ㣬ҲԹӶɱ֣ǽ¼Ը㣬ҪΪλΣԺһƽ
治õҵİΣҵϣɱңˣɱѽͷ֮ޣͳ꣬պ϶ŹңҶȣŹƾʲôˣҶڽ£棬֪֮־һΣҶѰ浱Լˣ
˵ҶһҶȷԷθ˵¾ҵ£ȻҲɱͳ꣬Ըһǧ꣬ǧ֮һ̤ϰɽ磬ͳƤͳ걳иֶ۵ĵг裬Ҳֶţ


572 ǵ
𡭡
üͷһתͿα飬Կ϶ҶһƺΪǧøԶɽǸ̨㻹̫С
ಡ
ڣԭʧ
øԶ
һЦджߣ˲֪Ҷȴʮģ˵ɽ磬Ҳ֪һĴ̨ɽ죬ɽֵͼɽ硣
츣غܰҶ󷨣ǿֻҪǳԽﴳ룬һҶѡһľڻɽڵһͥԺΪ֮أﲼøӸ󷨣ҲᱻҶȸӦ
ҶȰѶ츣תһ飬ȫ֮󣬱㿪ʼصͥԺڣϤֶڲ棬Ҫȥ˽⣬ֶ죬ҶȾҪܵԼֶɽ絽ɽ磬ض࣬ͬС졣
˵ɽʵΪŶ£ɽ絮ܶţɽֶ죬ͳ걳ǿֶţֶг֮һ𣬾Ǵ½һ̤ɽ硣
ֶһŴɽ죬ɽ֣Ϊɡ֦ҶԴԴṩ֡
ΪֶӸǳԺȣԽʥɽЩͬǿɣֶֻҪ񣬾дɶ񣬻ǰɽΪص
ҶһУһ˽ֶ죬ȥ֮ҶȾͶֶȫ˽⣬ռ俪ʼС
ʮ˽׿ܣ
ռ䣬Ҷ֮һʮ׿ܾͷһҶ߲࣬Ҷȷֿ֮ܽϣЩ󷨱飺Ȼ֮һ󷨶ƻҪף󷨶ữΪУᱻƣ
һ󷨲ƲȫҶȾͶʵӿֻϧǴﵽɾ磬жԿʵ
ΪУһ죬޸
Ҷ˫ִһӡʮ׿ܰ󷨿ʼע֮УЩģȻ֪ʹ࣬ûǸܵҶͬԴȪ׷׿ʼ޲
һΣҶɾŽ׿ƽ׿ܣ濹һУȻܣȴֶһ䶯ԭ࿴ֵ鷨ߣ֪濴صˣȻ򵥣ɾ˱£׷׶Ҷ࿴ˣйò˶ҶҲǾԶ֮
ҶʦܣȥִУ
ھռ꣬Űѽ׿ڲ޲ɣȻֶȥһ꣬Ȼһۻ֮Ӷ츣ش
Ҽֶż꣬ôң
Ҷ߳ռ䣬һֶӵ£ԦͼƯʮеӣǶһλŮŮһʮΪЩеӸ̫߳ࡣ
ЩˣҶҲɽֶеӼ¼һʶ
ͨҶʦܣڽ߼ӣÿһ߼ӣҪɳ񣡡
ŮͬʥŮӸ¶Ҷ˫̽ӡֻҶһ¾ͻΪۣҶߣҶǸ߼ӣҲֶ̤켸꣬ƸΪ߼ӡ
ҶȲϲ֣߼Ӳʲô⣬ֻ̫죬֪ǲڱ󵷹ѡ
ϲҶʦܣ
Щеӣηηβܿ͵ʾף
߼ӣЩеӶͨӣҪΪ߼ӣӵдɾŽסʮʵҪΪֶ콨ͲſԣҶȴ׳Ϊ߼ӣҲһԭֱӹϵ
ҶóЩǿҲֻǱȭѣҶּŮ鷨óһö򣺡ǰʮλ߼ӣʧҲʧȥϢܱܿУҲǲյ񣬾ȥѰǣҪȫӭӻҪˣҪʬ
Ҫе⣬䣬ҵԭֶӣܰװ䣬Ҫ⣬ͨƴȥɣ
Ůһ˵ָ֮һ৵سҶȷװڵʧ֮Ѿ׽̳һУ
Ҷץס򣬾ȻһúˣһɰԵҶȼʱѹƣҪιȥ
ǣ
ԷȻе⣬ŮӰٷ֮߰йҶľӦһ䣬תͨ
Ȼܻ֮һȻϣŮüͷͷޱߺ˼һŴһеȥͬ£ӵŮ뿪
ಡ
һɳ۵糸ҶȾһɽһƬƬԭҰ츣أǿһ˿ڰֻйÿӶУʵ˭֪Ҫɫܶ衣
ͻǹҶȣʮ߼ӣǶǴɾŽסʮǿߣʧһرµĴڣԽǣȻɳҶȡ
һ裬ҪҶȲӦͻҶȺÿԷԸҶȣҶȥִȴֻδ֪ľأּζɲܡ
Ϊסң֪˵վѹұǱԽ󣬶˵һУΪȻԺ󻹻и鷳ȴ֮ܣ
ҶɲǼԵ磬óƣ뿪ͷͬԴϢҶ뿪ɽ֮У֮жʱŸϢаҲл
ɽȫ磬Զ͡ɽȴɷķ̾ţԲע⣬ͻء
ԭ
Ҷȴڰȡֶʮ߼ӣʧھԶһ֮Уԭ
ԭҶҲֶڲ鼮һյأҲһ֮أҲ֪һȺ߼ӣΪλȥôһƽӹ֮ء
պ÷λҶ̳
ֶڣһƯˮĻеĶ츣أ
ʦͽ²ʦ𷣣
һڣȻһͶӰ֮ǰӲһӵΪ鷨ߡ
ͶӰгһֻжʮòŮӣһɻ֮ϣףڵɱҶȣǹΪʦ½ҪǸӣȴȥʧֶأΪʦڹǰһ֤ûãʦԺڹǰ£
˵ʦҶȵûʲôӵһЩֶζѣԵ˵΢취ԸֻϧǸˣҪͰҶɱˣҲʦڹǰΪ
ǹӵҪŮˣΪУҪסߴ磬϶ǹС檣ڰô죿ҪԲɱһСӣһѵû취ò֪ȥСӣ
ͽ¹³çЩʦ£ʦģͽṫȻԣСˣ
ΪʦΪ࣬Ҳ޷ԣ£ʦҲΪ㱨ֻҪ£ʦֱӰɽ磬ԸԣѾߣúð£
ŮӰʧ
ʦ
˿վһԱ֮ϣһΪ飬ͫԹһҪɱҶȣôܵѾߣߣʦʦɫһ㲻㣬ֻûдﵽǰΪѣҪǰ·ҽΪС檣ΪѾߣĥ
ռ䣬Թ
֮ԭ
ԭһ̾޽֮ϣư磬ͬݷޣʱ첶ɱ
һɽԭ֮ϣƣַȺӣκΣգһá
øԭ¼֮һһյأΪʮ߼ӣʧ
ҶȼԦƺڶѲǵһɽʱܵɽѹȣ粽У̶ʱ䣬ҶΪѷ츲ء
ԭô޴ֻʩչ龻ֲſԲߡ
߶Ԫ󣬶ʱӿֻ龻֣ҶȰڣһϢ֮УҶȿʼȴŻ龻ת׽Ϣ
ȻʮҶԴӿһ꣬ҶóɽͼڵͼҵԭԭʮϸҶָһԲεص㣺ǵ
գҶȿȷЩ߼ӣʧطǵԭһѰǵ֮С


573 Ź
ԭоԭƺֲָҲΪƺоɡ
Լʱһǵããԭ֮УǵۣһɫζͷҲŨء
ЩΪŨܣЩΪˮĪ⣡
ͬǵҶȾ͸оͬѰֹͣһ縡ϸɳˮֻҪһһˮͻںϳΪһƬˮĻ׹ǵ׹ȵס
ҶȲҴ⣬ֽɽ֮óʶȥжϣ̤ɽ磬ҶȾͱĳӹɺǷֱӳԵǵЩ϶Ҳӵ
ŷҶȿʼǵշ°ףҶٶȾһȻˮһ㣬һҶɢϢҶȾʧȥˮ
ҵ̫һ
ҶȲмЦû뵽ǵ˹죬ƽˮȻܶƺҪǵһˮƣǿ϶ֻ·һ
ǵҲף˭Ҳ֪·ʲôˮ뺣һУ϶ᱻؼˮڲ֪֮УĳЩͬ
Ҫ΢ģ˽ǵȫˮƣֱݽ߲Ż֣ᷢϧΪʱҶ̫һκ֮ϣֻҪκӴҶȶڵһʱ䷢֡
ͳͳɢȥ
Ȼͷ֣ˮ޷̫һֻܶһ˿˿Ҷȴ߶֮£ж˲ˮգΪͬϢ̫һ
Ҷʩչ̫⣬մˮͰˮʩչ޼˻ףȻͬˮ
һ޶ᱻɣˮǰŪǵȷйթ
ҶĿһݣ̫һԸκȴ޷оˮֻ̺֮ʩչ龻ֱֲܷǵǺ壿
ٿ
һҶհ˷˫һץһɵĻ龻ֹâʼǵһˮ龻֮С
ǡ
ֻƽɫ龻֮еˮȻѰ״̬£ִӣ͸һ찵âҶ͵̾ùǵȻȫˮ֮УƾɽѰֲûᶳ
Ϣɢȥ龻ʧҶȲԿǵˮʱˮֿʼҶҪӿڲȻˮ޷̫һǾȻڲᾭ
֪˹Ϊ֮ȻγɡһȻγɣǵȻû󷨣ȴһɱԴϢݷֱͨͲǴֶΣѵǵڴˣ
һֶʮ߼ӣʧǿߣѰһҲܶԿ
ҶȽǵԽ½ֲǻʯһ֪࣬ǹˮǱԵʣЩȫһ쳣Ӳ
ǵףҶСҲ˺ܳʱ䣬ϡоϢڿ쵽ǵײһصĹҶǰ֮أΪЩȻˮ
Ҫ֪ǵЩˮκЩعȻˮһѭԴͷ
ϸϸһɨЩҶӳΣԼͨƴСΣȴ໥ƣһ֦ɣ໥ƣ߲Ҳ໥һ
ǵʣᣬ޻һ㣬ֻιȴоûʲôء
Ҷȿ۲죬֮䣬ͻȻֹҶˮ֮ʱˮ֮һӵҫҫ֮󣬹ȻǸһ㣬䶯£Ȼ־ֹ
ʲôƺǵһɷָĹ
ҲΪŪףҶȱѹնϣоȴɽ紦ΣͷҲʧˣǵײȥҲȥ磬еĹȻߴɣ
໥ƣƺÿһ໥ṩ֣ǹ֣Ҷϲ࣬ǵֻйһûڣһֲʶᣬȻûʯǱȴˮᣬѹסһǵȫЩա
ǵײҲûʲôشڣ˿ûֶϢǻ龻ֲдЩӦþʧǵ֮ڣҪѰһǵȷʵڹ죡
ǵײȥʯǴɽֲϧˮᣬֻйҲκҶȼǵȥϣѰһټ
Խǵ룬ҶȾͿӶĹǵֱǹʥأݲǵˮʵ̫ŨܣֲָˮᣬҪҶ̫һҲЩֲʵʵһ㡣
ƺкôһŹ
һУҶȺȻˮ룬ŷһɹ俴ģӰȴ֮˸
Ȼйӣ
Ҷȷٶȣ۲һǰԱһŰɹ֮ϣ֮ҶȾ㵲ѡ
ȭͷƺδ죬ɫ͸񣬾ȻҲˮ֮в̫࣬췱ǣÿһͷҶʵ֮ǰδǱżȻ˶Ĺʵ
ҲһɻΪǵЩûһ쵽ĹܳïܹʵʵԷѽ⣬һʵҲЩȴֻЩŴڡ
Щ˻Īһֱ
ɲǼһҶԺǵһƽӹ֮أȴֶʮ߼ˣпܾΪЩ
ҶȵһҪǱҶȿɲװ׷Źͻʮף̤ɾо޴ҪЧˣ˵ЩգҶȾͻֱӴʮף̤ɣʱͿԿκδɣҲ˺Ҷȡ
ৡ
һץһ׾ͱҶץУʱ͸оɢҶȴ֮ܵеȻ̺ⲻһֱ
ǹ죬ˮ֮Ҳ̺ҲһѵЩҲһſ
һ̣ҶԺȴһ뷨֣Ҫǵǹĵ
ٿ
Ҷȳ˼֮ʣȻΣȻƿһҶҶȻһһ㣬ҶӦҶȻסҶƣҶȶʱ͸оǰŤ
ˮΪͳΪһľߣȻ˾ͫΪɫ
Ҫң
ҶһʱݿµŤ磬һߣҶͫ㤡ҶȻ䣬ͫһ⡣
ݡ
ҶȼһЩߣȻͻȻҶȣδҶе㷴Ӧ˲ջΪ˸룬˲סҶȣղƤҶȾ͸оһƣȫҲơ
գ֮䣬ҶȾͳ˻þǸסֺһ߲ϣŷͻƿڣҪҶ塣
ûԻң
ҶȿƱ˽ӣȴЦ͸ܵǵͱˮˮҶҶȴԻң˼ˮһȥڱˮơ
仯һŤʵǻʲôߣߣͳͳǼһжΪԻҶȣҶȶѡ
ҶԣʮͨܿƣҶȻ壬Ūǵܣõֶʧǵ֪ǵԲһѰ֮ء
һб仯ȻõҶϡ
Щ룬ȻҵðɣӵӡɽҰӡգкΰ
Ҷ̷ӡʵؿһɽȻ뿪ʼҶȻٶȲ죬ǸҶȫƿأҶ޷ߣͻᱻøɸɾ
Ϊһ߸ʬ
Īǵࣿ
˺һҶһֱסֶѵճΪʬ
Ҫǵ࣬ҶȾҪƣٽ룬ǵܡ


574 
ҶȱסͬﴥֲƤӶҶڷӡɽȡҶȲԴУȥװʧ͵㣬Ҫи룬ɱǵ뿴
ҵᱻװȥȻûκη֣ʧȥҪӱ
Ҷ߶̫һҪķͳͳȡҪ֪Щǵ֪꣬ˮ֮ȡҶȷȫȡʵͻʮ׸ס
ৡ
Ҷȴ߶̫һҪͨƤ룬ȡ֮ʱȻΧ֣OO@@ŷʲôڿߡ
ж
Ҷʱֹͣעķ˿⡣
ǸֻɾС࣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ΧУһ㤵һһȻء
ɾҲΰ棬ҪΪūҪԶū࣡
һض£Ա߼ŷҲܵӰ죬׷ҡ
ȻһȺǵȺǵˮ¾Щʩչ츳ͨɣ֪ձЩեȡ
ʱ˿̣һꡰҶȰûд߶̫һһ޷ЩĿҪֽţãҶȲö֡
ô̶˼⹦ΧȻϰ벿ֻûΪͷȻڣֻдӡ۾Уеж䣬еûУебӣеûУЩΪߣδȫ޳Ρ
Ϸھ磬ҡڣ¶һ飬ʹ࣬ȴǿţаȴһабǣȴֻд״ֲײζ
Щɾɽ籾Դʣ½жǿɣҪ޳ɴɻſȫѿǣγ̬
ȻΧ֮УҶȴ䣬Щǰ磬ֱƼһ顣
ûж֣뿴ֶЩӣǱδġ
Ȼһľûκθ˵СӵЩ죬ȻһʼûܵƣСһΪʥ
ʥܱȡʥ꣬Ϊ˿㿴СӴ磬ֶӣ
һ΢΢Щ飬ίҶȣֶɽ쳬ɣֻϧɽֶ̫ûгǿأٵȡʥǽ٣ǰץʮӣӣЩӣɶ׽ãСΪ϶ǾЩӵģ
ȻΪ̫ͣҲܳΪūۣΪɻūԽԽãΪԴԴϴ
Ȼһϸ£Ϊƶ²Ȼɣƶٸƣƺһ壬ǵ
֣ߣѡ
ѵֶӶû
дҶһϢЩʧǵֶӶûƺѹǵʲôΪūҪΪ֡
ֶЩӲûɳȣ֮ǰûиһ㣬Ī˹ϢףʵȴΣޱȣȥ޻أ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȶȥ˴˽⣬νֻҪΪҶȣĳЩҶȲ겻񣬷֮ǰЩ³һѹǵ
ĳЩˣпܾ
ֻҪԸҶȣΪҶڽֶӵгλͳ꣬ͳְ輫ҵݲ˶ӣͳŹҶȡ
ǾûбҪɱЩץߣЩӣǷĻúúõģΪ޷϶ܼѣ֣ҲҪ⣡
˼ӿҶȾ־ܣƣֻҪֶǻŵģðҲֵá
ʬûκ壬һӣô˵󣬾ʦʥʥʥ涼ΪҶ࿴ҶҪġ
ֶǸ̨ҶȲԶű˲ͷϵӣÿһҶȶɣһʧܣֶԺѹ
˵
𾻻Χǰʼƶ󲿷ʼʧΪͨҡ
ҶͰпЩȻֱӼԦ֮ϣ²֣ûκƶ仯ֱͨƵ֦ɱ仯ҶȾͱססһǵ
ǵӾˣʲôɻɣЩϢѵνġ桯һ
ҶͬʬһԪͰΧһǵŨԽԽܼˮɳ״״ˮ֮к嫾ҪҶڴ꣬Ի̤ɾ
Ӳˮ֮УҶȸܵһ޷̺ϢܹŹ֣ǿޱȣϢֲϢǿȻŷǵӵȼ
ôҶȾƿ֮УҪûֶͨΣνǽףȥѡ
Ҷ濹ģϴʮ˽׿ܣдǧͼ޷мУǵϢʵڱҪؼ֡
Ҷ˿壬Ȼƽƿأ
ǡôһžɫ
һ󹤷ҶȾͼ֮ǰǿŴͶӰȻһǧɸߵȻǾ͸Ǵһ㣬׳۶ˣİɫɫҫãŷǹľڣǵȫסһŴɡǵ
֦ҶڲˮһΣҶͻ˸һâŷˮ֡
ϢùϣҺʥһȻǴﵽȼ
ʱ˶˶ǵĳҶҲɵһǰֶѹҶȻ治ýˡ
ɽ粻ҲӹżϿǰȴûκӡ֣Ҫ˽һЩаվʹһ֣
ϸϸһҶо͸ɻ󲻶Ԫǿκ鼮ֻҪһӡ󣬱˵ͨ鼮ʮҶҲĺܣǰԲ򵥡
棬ץסһֶӣ
Ҷ֮£ع£ΧҲ׷¹򣬶ŹżϢʩ
͡
޴΢΢һɲ֣һߴüë붼Ǹ룬Ƥӫۣɨһۣһɾˣûжв¹ռ䣡
ͷǣ棡
ػʥҪɣһɣܰһɾɵ֮һ屾һӣϧͬ壬ֻعЩˣǡǡΪṩū
滺˵ӣûһ˿аҲûκаײֵ࣬Ҫݺݱ޴ĥЩūͨˣͳͳģһʥ죬Ḩгɣ
л棡
ǼվҶ

Ҷӿ첨ˣ״֣ɽ͵ֿ棬Ϣǿȴ޷γΣƺܵʲôԼҪ˾ΪƣûΣ뿪ǵ
ʲôʥͬһ㣬Ҫ˹ҿһɽΪ
һʥ쿪ҶȻ·ڻܳ죬ҶȾûȡʲôʥṵ̂ǿֶܰȳѾеĴҡ
ȷ棬ֻϧΪ̫ǵ˻һգɲκ⣬ϧֻʱҵֶ취Ըǿ棡
ҶȻ˼ݣһ汻ƴߣһ氵עǵл֮䣬Ҷȼï֮УȻһʥĹʵҫӵҶȽɵ
ǹҫʲôʥȻûг죬δ˵棬Ҫһ죬ǿͻƴɣ
ֲֶҪ⼮ǵԭȡʥṩΪϧһһƷūΪū
Ҷҡҡͷ˿ǰС
¶ˣʱһȻ𣬳һķȻ󣬵̺ĿռϢȴǳ䡣


575 
Ĳ
ƿأѹһ֮󣬾ʹһŤڡ
Сӣʵʵһӿ๤ɣȥ
ааһЦУһ৲סҶȣڿղסҶȣƮȥ
Ȼ֮УкöϢȻвϢ
Ҫһ̣ҶȾʹϢܵϢɣûκεɣɶ٣мϢ
ȻǻţúãֶϢҲУûͺãȥҲΪң
ҪƿصҶȾȻûκο־֮ɫԾԾԣȫǲ뻢Ѩɵûӵͷ
ʱҪҶȾ͸ܵڲȻǸСĿռ䣬ڱƴһֱӰҶɣգۼ䣬ҶȾͼһȫǼ̵̳ɵ

Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȵŷ˴ӳ˯֮žռ䣬Ϣ֮
ЦЦһ棡
ֻǶһĶѣʲô̾Ϣģһôµţһͬ»ȪǶô˵£
ɲǼһ˻Ӻڶռ䴫ݶ

ͻȻһȳ֮Ϻպգüһ⣬룬һʼȼգԽԽʢɺڶҲΪʣһʱ䣬գϲˣҶǰ
Щȫ޷һȫƣЩ͸޺죬һɹһˣѪâ壬ִݻһɹɴ
ˣ˻ͬʱտռڰתΪڣ󱻸ȫȡ˵˶Ϊһߣߣ֮С
ž͡
°룬Ȼ˹Ƶģ˲ӳһ˿ʼ޴ÿһα޴򣬾ʹ棬յֱУʹҪȥһ㣬ƤȼգһĥԪ
ʹ޴ԽԽ𾢣ȵЩ΢࣬úøɻͰǻɣ
һ޴򣬲ڽҶһϷ֮Уٸ룬׷״ҶƤҶȾ͸ܵ˲ҶڻƿҶȡ

ݺһ˦ƣɭɭ뿪
Ѿܿƣ洫ݶ̺ͨʼȡҵ
Ҷȶʱо岻նһƤңȫ䣬ûκ¶ȣ¶ߡ
ֶСӣȰ㻹ǸϿУ⣬군ˣ
ȻҲ಻Զ䣬һűҶȶ༸ˣһ˿ѵõҶ˵һ

Ҷȥ˵һۣͷִ˾ȻΪһһ۷ǿߣѰΪҪܶ࣬ϧһ֣ȻҲΪūۡ
ɣ̾ǰɣҶū
硭һۣڱƣĪǣŵĸ֣
ҶͻȻһ̴磬ʮϤȻһ룬ͿǶŵĵۣϢҲʥͬϢҶȾͿԿ϶һŵӡ
ԭʦֶ֣Ҷȣ֪ǰǷʶ֮УһλΪʥʦ棿Ҷʵ
ʥ
һһʮּĴҶȼۣʥɽΪߵĴڣҾҪ̤ɽ磬˲ͽܣҶСʦܣʶʥ
û뵽ԷȻ֪ʥƼ飬ƺʥϵҶȱһȣû뵽ǵһ˵ĸоҶʶǺϤǰйһ֮Ե
޳
ҡͷһ̾˼ǧǰ뿪ʱȥʥû뵽ǵ˵Ĺˣ˼
ʦγƺɽţʦóƺһֻҶȵϣ֪ͨ鱨
īУʦܻīǣʥн飬ʥϵҲǳҾǹ˵Ĺˣʮֺܡ
ҶȵѵͷҶˣī磡
īУʲô㻹ύҪǵʥɹҶ·һ
ĵ֮ʣڼʮ֮Уͷ꣬ȻԳЦӦһ
īп꣺֣벻ǵʶһˣύһѣҲһ⣡
£ƳһҶȣʶһɾʲôƾֶӣ㿴֮ǰвֶӣץ˽
ύѣΪߵȥ۶
īе¼˵ŤͷҶȣʵҶʦܣһΪΪҲǵȡʥ
ī磬Сܲȡʲôʥ֮ǰδ˵
Ҷҡͷܣǧˣֻ̫ܿӰҶʵī磬ֶ֪жͬű
ʮ˰ɣǰм߼ӣǵЩӣҲץ˽ֶӶһ㣬Ҫҵǣ϶ףƣˣ
īƺҶҪʲôһ㾯˵
Īߣ˳ȥ
ȻһԲˣ̸Ҷ֮ⷬ󣬵Ц˼
Сӣûīʦ֡ʦ֣ЩҲû취˶꣬һɵӣɽ磬ֱں
һʮ׸֣ҲΪεĵ
ЩˣúɣҪ淢΢Ҫһĥ
īзŷһϳһڣѵζȻã˶˵
ڲİҶʵī磬СܶһҲ˽⣬Ϊɽ鼮δй¼
ɽʮϡ٣ϹתΪϹųʥɵУֵǣٳ䣬ҲԽԽҰϡ٣йطֹЩ壬˵ʥȥѣһԵԲŵԽԽϡ٣
īеҶǺΪʮĵĽ͵һɽֵͬѰɵ۶ڸ߽׹磬ﱻˣɫɫд붼Ϊȡһ׼ֱ߽ɵ۽ףϧһˣ鿴Ƿʥ죬֪ΪΪȻûлûͣһףȴǵΪ츳ͨþסǿ߲ע⣬ûзйթǵҲֻ·һһɽ׸֣ǰȡ磬ץס
׶Ҷ𾪲ѣ棬ΪǵܰסĽǿ߶
ԭʮˣϧһһʣ¼ˣǶǸӵвҲ䣬ҶʦܣҼ㵹ڶһΣû뵽˻񣡡
īдʱ۷ž⣬ƺҪҶȿ͸ֻܸҶϢȴ޷
Сżһദķţڷӡǲõ⡭ҶΪص˵
ֵ˴ô⣬Ҳóֵǵⲻ򵥣Ƿܸףīоϵ
ʵֵܽĿľѰʧǵͬţڵ֪ǶţҺܸˣھ취뿪
Ҷ֪īСЩ֣ƣһˣʵڲ׶ԿмƲҪ£֣ɱһѪ·
ֵǵ󣬵ȴһҲٳȥīҡҡͷʮ̾ϢҶǸϧôôݺɽ꣬Ҳˡ
ôɥСһɣδͷɥ
īһʧ䣬Ҷȱ磬ΪҪǣ̫ʵֻпԼ
ȷϧҪӳȥܣͱƣʮǿҲʮǵҲһ㣬Ҫȥʵʰ
īвٴʧ


576 
ī⸱ǰܣȻ
ǵһ֮أǿΪ£ǵȻһˣҲҪ
ҶȽʵī磬Са취ƿأǷȫһͬЭ뿪ǵ

īʴЦ˼飬ףκػЦóīвˣСֵа취Ǵ϶ȫ㣬κδ۶ԣǱץд䶼ϣҪʲôʲôǮƶ˵֮Ҫӳȥֵһᣡ
ī磬ҵӪֶͬţȻôͬҲܼȣҪְڣȻͨ뿪ǵ
˵ҶȻмƻͻȻīУͻӶ֣ȻƣīЩˣҲ㾪г
ԭīΪҶֻһɣӵй츳ѣʥϣīвҶ˹ཻʲôҶȽֶӣīȻţû˻š
˿̼Ҷƶֱۣûб淢֣īſʼ̬ȣʼҶȣֵܣ׾ûֵܾˣ˵ɣֵҪʲô
Ҷȵϣ˵֣ͨҪȫңֻдҾŽᣬп뿪
ԭˣ򵥣Ҷ޻˵Щˣ޻˵ֵȵţ¿ʼϢ
īиϽж»мйͨЩ˿ʼɻ뻳ɣīһ˵󣬶ѡš
ȰЩ£ģֻҪӵм֧֣ṩǲܡ
Ҷȿʼĵȴҿʼ
Լ죬һ⳯Ҷȫǿ⣬һݶ
ʱīлعжҶ˵ֵܣ㶼˰ɣֵܶԸ⣬ֻҪֵа취ôһУֵ뿪ǵ
Ǻãȵȱǣ
˵ʱʱ죬˿иҪץʱ¾̫ãЩʧȥģʵÿЩҶҲа뿪Ҫǿž޴
򣬿ҶȺòôãǰмҶܼܲȣ飬˽ȳȥҲһ
ɽǸ̨ҶǺεζ֮еȻ඼һЩɢޣһҲʥɽЩǿɵӣЩ£ύԺɽߣкܴ
ˣҶȻܰװ׻Щ޷ѳȥͽ뿪Ϊ
ûѵͣЩҪȥȻҪ
龻֣ģ壡
ҶȰʩչ龻֣ǿͨʼͬ壬ҲѪ⣬ǼϢ
֪СвУī֣
Ҷ֮ʱȻһīдݶԻ
֣Ȼ㵱ѡţǾͼȥûа취ûа취ֻһ취ҲӳȥΪʥʱǲɱңһʥΪ̤ɽΪҾֻ·һֵа취Ҿ㣬Σ
īҶȣܲˣҲǶǴŻһ̬ԣһɾˣгԽֶΣ˭š
֣ҶСֵܣղҼƶʹƣɿҲѹ
ʱλ£ʮƽ˵
Ȼλ綼ţҲ͵ţҲû취ֻҽò侲ѡȴ
ٿ
ͻȻ˾͸оһҶͻȻûŤһҶȣֶվһԣҶȣȻûκζһ㡣
ֶҶȣīбȭʩ񣺡ī磬Σ
ԣīм쳣кãû뵽ҶȾȻ̶ֳȣƿأһīоͿȥһϣ
ҶֵܣȰң
ʱҶֶⷬΣȻ޷סڼ֤ϣ׷ҶΪ壬
ٿ
Ҷ״ӦҪҪκҪĶ̫׵֣ϧҶһī룬ֱ֣һץͰģ̫ʩչ龻֡
ۺ
īͬʱһҶʱ͸оһ޵֮ϣҶַ̫ȴûдϸַǾ̾
ĽˣڶѡĬˣмеȴţҶֻеȴǲףǵδȫҶУҶȵھǾݣֻץסҵ
͡
Լʱ䣬Ҷ͵һīͬʱ֮Уͬ壬ڼṩ
Ȼжˣ
˸˲ѣֽκƣָɣī¼ݡ
Ҷȿˣλ磬ȥ֣ԽԽãֳܼʱ䣬Ϊ뿪ȡʱ䣬ȥֶӣϾͻ壬Ȼһͬ
ãȥ죡
ī¶ڵĻΨǴӣ˻ָɣȴҲ޷뿪ǵӳ죬ֻȫҶȣ˷ֿжһȥ
ϧЩ󲿷ߣʣ²֮һ뿪ǵ⣡
Ҷȷķһ·һͶ޸мĿ⼤ҶȵȥǣֱӲֶϢλʱһͳǧˡ
ǧ˼ҶȵŵòᣬƿصǴδκһȥɣͻأҶȣһ־£֪Ҷȳʲôġ
ֶӣ
侲ĿⱻҶѣԭ֪ҶȾȻֶӣʲôʱ
Щ˸֪Ҷ֮£Ҫ֪ĸҶȱϹϾͷġ
ҶȵƲЩɣһͳ룬ʮ߸գס۵ӣ󲿷ֶŮӣҶʵֶӣ
Ǻˣţ
ʮֶӣͬʱ뿴ҶȣŷҶںҹ֮Уһյơ
ɻ֮գۼеӲŷҶȴţֶͬӣʮ߼𾪲ѡ
ҶʮͬţȫǴɸ߽һ붼Ǵʮ۷壬һͻ̤ǿߣҶȵλʦ֣½ӣҶȣǷִǣ
Ҷȣ
һ㶣Щţǵô˶ûϣ˵أδһ˿ϣû뵽ͬŹһˣǣôǰˡ
Ϊ˴ɻҶóƣͷϢʮǿ߸Ӧ֮󣬾ҲҶݣһ˼顢ֵı顣
Ҷʦܣлһ⣬ҲܾǣʵҾ֮ǰִͬţҫ
ʮǰһ֮꣬ǰǱؿҶȣһ£ϧɼòʹ˽Լ
ԭǸʦ֣
ͬţҶȻҪύһɨиҫ꣬һΪﵽʮ۷壬Ϣڰ򣬿ֶһӵбҶȱȭʦ֣λʦ㣬Ǿʹ˾ǧҪȰѴһ𣡡
ΪΣеĵɻʵ
ҶʦȻҵȳȥҪǻҶʦͱȥҫΪһ˵棬ҪάҶȡ
ǣڵҲΣҶȣʼ
ҫǸƺóҶӵвֶΣҶȣ϶صҶʦܣְɣ


577 
ಡ
ҶȻɣһץͰÿͬϢͬһκθı䣬ᱻҶҪʩչ龻ԭ
ৡ
ʱϢӰǷī£˼Ҷȣʩ
īǰǰ
ֶҫʮ֣һʱ
֪ī£һֱۣҶߣīеֵܣ㽻鶼Ѱãھ͵ֵȥΪ壡
ҶȿãԵƬ̣λ磬鷳ȥЩɡɣ׼ãȻҪߣҾһ뿪ط
ȻϵҪˣǾȥ£ֵҪǣīתȥ
ȻǰҶʦȣ
һʱ֮䣬˸ҫֶԭҶ飬īСҶȹʮ֣ɲһ𺳵ģڲϱ仯
ᣡ
һ칤Ҷ̷𣬶ʮӣ׷һ⣬֮ƿ£ʮ֣գ۾ͱҶ׵ؽȳ
ˣÿ˸飬Ա׷׶Ҷȸжл񣬶û뵽Ҷнǵ
Ҫ֪ʮӣд붼ŮӣԭһĸҶȾ޴ͨȣͰݵҶǿֶ֮£ҶĶ
λʦ㡢ʦֶƿأǾȥλʦ֣֪ˣΪ壡
ৡ
Ҷ˵һ磬ʧ˸оһжʵԼͬȻĶڷëӸмҶȣҶȵˣȥˡ
֮УҶȾûʼΪһ壬ٶԽԽ죬ҪΪԼһ壬Ϊī壬Ҳǻ˼칦򣬶ΪֻҪ죬ֻҪʱһʱҶȾɽһ
ī챻ҶȽȳͬҶȿʼϽʣԽԽ࣬ʼʮ죬ϰˣﵽٶˣʣһرǿϢ̼Ҷȵǰ
ٶǰһˣһϢǿޱȣͬһˣΪ֮УΨһһλ׾ͷ
û뵽˿ƿأǽɽ˲ţһɣ޷£Ԫ尣лСֵܳһ£Ӳޱ߸о
Ϊ׾ˣõŵ£ΪҶȱȭл
ǰÿ
ҶһԪһʩչ龻֣ץסԪʼ塣
Ԫ尻̾Сֵǻ뵱꣬Ϊʮ֮һǰٷ֮һ
ﻰ
Ҷȴ߶龻֣ΪԪ壬뿴Ҷʩչַȴ޷Ҷַ̫껣仯ǧ˵һף׶޷
׾Ƿͬ죬˺嫡
Ԫ尴ԪҲûзֶߣһףֱ֮ҶڲףΪʲôôţҲ棬һУͿժȡͷ­
ᣡ
һ칤׾ǲͬףΪԪ壬һʱ䣬ҶһץԪ尴֮ץ
Ԫ尻ֽţҶȼ޵СֵܹȻͨ޵УԺͲҪΪΪǰΪ磬ɽ磡
СܾͲ磡ҶȵԪ尺
˵Ҷֵܣô죬˵ֵҪˣЭ뿪Ϳʼɣ
ԭشŲͷһ߳Ҷȴ
ҶȱȭٶλЩɡɻûнȣȵȵȣΪ壬һͬ뿪
ߣЩϣ
ʱһ߳Ҷȵˣһ⣬Ǽ⣬ȴüҶȲҶֵܣɲʡ͵ĵƣҵҶֵ֧ʱ淢֣һ񣬲ھʩ뿪
㱾ɱڵˣȻô߶߶٣ҪҶֵҲǣһл·ºܿߺڷ
ҶͻȻɫһɱڣ
ͻȻһ裬ӣ£һӣ֪ɽ編ȥɱڶԿ
͡
ͻȻո˵һ̣Ҷԭһʯ֮䣬ʹӺǰֻصԭء
ˡ
˾ɫĿһѪͷ­벱ӷ룬ͷأɾ㵲ѡ
һɱڵø֣ȻҶһɱҪ֪ҶȲһɾߣһ
λҰģɱɽһɶǼ֮£ɱ˾ɱˣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ˻˵һҲ⣬ƺɱһûκζݡ
ɱúã
ī߳ƺηɱڣīȴʴЦɱǰӻɱŵӣҶֵܲɱҲΪһɱ˴ˣ
ԣɱúã˸ɽİ࣡
õīйȻ֧ҶȣҲڲپɱڣ׷֧ͬҶȣƺһ̣ҶȾͷ
Ҷϵܣ㵹ǺֶΣɱϣϸû㣬ɾͷͬСɣԪ尰иҶȴһ
ﻰ˱ɱɱƽߣ
ҶȳԪ尵ͷȻûжٱ仯ȴܾȣû뵽Ԫ侲һ۾Ϳ˼Ҷɱɱڸ֣ΪľǽţҪЩ֮У޷ԽĵλԦ
ɽ磬ЩƱػҶȼӱά
λٵȼ죬ȥȥأ
ҶȶʱһһٶɡϷЩ֪ҶǣԭΪȥ֪ҶΪЩɡɣϧɱڣɱɱڵ
ʱ˶Ҷȸм˿
Ҷʩչ龻֣Ϊһٶ壬Ҷ֪ʱʮУʩչȫ壬Ȼֻǹȥʱһٶ˾ͻָɡ
ҶȼˣٶͨҶ˴ɡԼûٶҶȱһ˿˼ǶǴĵ岻ѣԪ尣ҲǶҶȱĿ⡣
Ҷʦܺˣ
ҫʮֶӣѻصӪֶӱرգչмӣʮδܹӵĸо˻ָɣʮָҲҶǿͨ
ǴŮӣǶҶȵδ˿ǸģΣڳ϶ȥ
ֶŮ˫ʮ£ֻҪԸû˸ţҲԭλ͸߳һصŮӣռλ֪ҶΪˡ
ʮ죬ˣȫҶȽȣۼһ𣬳׳۲ѣٶҶվǰֶӡ
λҪλʦȫЭʩչͨ뿪ǵ
ҶȽˣȻΪͷĹǣҶȵ߳һдɡɣʮ㣺λɡֵܣͲó»λɴһͨץסᣬӳȥɣ
ɲ
ǰ
˶ʾߣҶȾǣ˽Ϊǲϧɱڣɱɱڸ֣ȴвǳҶִٶɿ׷ߺ
λΪѰҶֵܣ
Ԫ˳ɢ˶ҶֵΪǺãҲΪҵ룬ǿߣЩסһĶԶԶǶ֣ǾͲҪңЩ壬ֲ֧˶ãһգǾҲȥ˷һ룬˷һ
ԣǰ˵ķǳ׼ðɣ
ҶҲ£Ѿ塢£ˣȥ֮˭ɶˣҶתҲת뿴ӨӨϷһ̵Ҷȵеļ̣֮ǱΪưˣһ󣡡
۹⣬ȷһ󣡡īжҶޱȡ


578 ս
Ȼһ󣡣
Χɡɽ𾪲ѣɽ磬ɵλߣȴһΪߣʶ㲩Ҳ޷󣬶ҶһɣȻܶϤʵЩ
ҫʦ֣û뵽ֶһ˵ʦܣīС¡Ԫ֣ķڷ
ֶʮӣ˿վӪ֮УԸҫΪףҶһ֮Ⱥۣһ԰ŷԼҲҶȣΪ֮е̳
Ҷʦܴȴң壬һصţصֵܻرҫҶȲǴΪߣҶϵһ
ԵӸʦ֣Ҷʦܣ
ֶӣǵλͼеӣŮӣİҶȵĹǣƱز벻
Ȼ޷֧ȥҿǸϿжЩִ߶£ǾƴߣӶǶ٣Լ컯ɣ
֮УΪߣԪ߳ˣ˵
ȻҶ׼ãǾ߶Эһߣ
Ҷ˵꣬Ŀ֮£գ˶˺Ҷóһ
޼˻ףƻĲ񷣡
Ϸ֮ͬӰߴڣҶĿ⣬Ŀ⻯Ϊǹ⳯ҶȾۼֻҶȴһƣķӡʱΧۼ
øַ²˳٣λֵܣ߶Ҷֵһ֮
Ԫ尡¡īΪ׵ҶʩչͨһϬ׷׼㳯Ҷȥ
ˣ
ٶɲǼۼҶ壬ҶȾһϵĴӣŷڵͳӣҶںһ㣬϶𶯣಻Ҷ˲ͳΪһ𷢹塣
ôСֿ֮Уʣ´󲿷סĽףӡ⣡
Ҷȴʱ־ϲԭҪƿӡҪҶȶһˣ⣬ӵͳӡūǧͼ칭ȵȾֶΣиַһǿ򣬴߶ַʹκηҶҲ뿪
ҪѼˣȳȥҶĿǰֶΪܣɾŽ׶ѣһ֮
ʴ˲Ҫ£ģٶ߶޼˻ף
û뵽Ҷֵܣǿҵ˵ɣҲ޷ͱϣ뿪
ԪΪϾͷעΧκζҶ޷֮ʣԪ尲ŴͬҶǲ֮š
˱ôһ˵ѪӿЩɡɸȺ鼤ѸҫһȺֶӣӵһͬһԴ
ɰɣɵԽ࣬ҵʵԽǿ
Ŀ£ҶȲաѾΪһɵ޷ƿأǰа֮һתƵǿ֮С
ԭͿͨһõٶ룬ָܿʹﵽһжΣжδԲȻ˲һ۷壬ﵽһһ˵
һ߶ҶȾӵһʵɾŽףһʵһ׸֡
һ£ҶȱӵԽնɱǿеͨɾŽ׿նɱʮףһףôһףͿԽƽնɱסǿߡ
ԭ˵һףҶȿնɱʮףΪ޷ƵֻҶȱסսҪҶͻһףôҶȿնɱκɵۡ
նɱסףҶ㣬ʣǧޱɽ磬˭ɾŽնɱ׾ͷ
ֻҶһˣ
λ۷壬ϾҪ߶һ뿪ǵͨƣץסʱ
ҶͻȻת˵ʱһʥÿһֶ޷ʥдɡġ
ӣǾȻһָоӦǴΪһ̣ǴҶ֮иܵ׵ƣǶҶΨǴӡ
޼˻ף״Ǭ
ͳͳɣ׼֮ʣҶ̴߶޼˻ס
ৡ
һ˲䣬ϾͷҶʩչ޼˻֮ʱһƻġջ׹⣬ҶıΪһ׹⣬Եޱȣ˼ֲ£

䣡
Խ׹⣬׹ٲ֮ϣ£һˣӶޱۣ˺񷣬һ°˺ӣ׹ֱǵĹڳںڰС
Ҷû뵽ˣ޼˻סˣ˲һϹźӣ
أ
ಣ
ԪΪףīСµٶ߶ͷűѹԹָͬǰ׹ͨɡҲﵽǿ۷״̬׹ͨ
һ̣˶׿ҶһۣУҶȴʱһϹžˣƿ磬֧أδ
ͬϴ׹ͨǵ½½ͷ˶ѷ׹ͨһЩĴɣѷǵ֮Уʱأڳ˯ѣֳʼ׹ͨڵˡ
ֻܽͨǳȥǾͿԼ
֣Ԧǵ׹ͨҶȾ֪һսѾʼ֪ҪǵΪʳҶ޷ȥӪǣԼǷԹ˲Ͼ
ۣѾѣ׼ǵҶȻܿ⡣
СȻ£ҪУ
Ҷȶ֧Ϊɴ֮ͨʱһϵǵ֮Ȼ
ã濴޷ץˣҪҼ
Ҷһۻƣû޷ƣıգԪҪɢ
׵ʵһӵնɱһκδʵҶһС
ЩˣǾͿ컯
ҶȲòѡȻߣ֮ܣҶȱ㲻ṩӳ׹ͨ৵һ׹ɳ
öʬ塭
뿪ǵï֮УҶȾͼʬ屻նɱֱΪʬ
춼ǣ飬ľ׹֮ͨУϳ䣬׹ͨڼʱ̶ɢܣһһ߲ɱνġ
ˣһЩɿǿ󷨱ΪֶΣɹǵʣЩˣֻӲд
͡
ͻȻһīɫ룬֮ͬҶȺռ
䣡
ҶȷӦѾں֮䣬ٶʵڶԷ֮ϣݺݳڻɰס
ৣ
֮䣬ûҶȻһҶΧˮйͨ°ָȻһܣͬǾ޴汾
ңҶ𺳵ؿ
¡¡
ɲǼ䣬ǵѣ޴ŷӵصͷŶγɷޱȵĸ룬һʱɱˡ
΢࣬Сɣ˱¡ߣ
Ǿ޴ϲֳ֣һżΪɡԼʮģɫɣЦȴʧɱ¾֮ټΪ£ûңʱܽ塣
ɫֳͶݺݣڵҶȣ޲ðҶɣȡǣ࣬Ҫ
Ϊ࣬ǿЦЦ
棬ҶһҲû飬սڣǿ˵ʲôϻɽ磬δһսԭǴ͵͵뿪ȻסұֶΣ
֪࣬ΪһͽΪ壬Ϊ߽̤ɽ磬޵ò񹦣
㵷ųūƻһˣǿΪرͿԶΪ壬ûκһǿ壬ṩᣬû뵽Ѱǰһж⣬СӣΪ
ΡȻ˵
ҵʲô棬㲻ѣͼĴڣҶȻһץּһ޼ս
û˿Զִ㣬ֱӻӶ룬Сǣ׽ɶ࣡


579 
ɱ
ͬİ԰Χ֮ƣӰ˷ɱͬţҶΪ룬ɱҶȡ
Щ죬Ѳײбԡ
ããСǣץסСӣͣ
ʱһŴɡɡסǵߡ
ĺãȻѡ񣬾Ͳܰһ䱦Ҿץס꣬׸ֶ죡
ǵҶȹ¶վ磬ɳһСڵĺˮʱҶɡ
ƣҶȺްæңץ޼սݺݿһԶ߸ϵ棬յ̤ӳ޼ս
ݡ
һҲ˲䣬ҶȽ칥롢Ҷγɷ籩Ҷϯ
ৡ
޼ս޼˻γɣҶһںĽȻûһ׽ȴڻٽ֮ӵ޼˻Ҷһȴ̺¡
Ȼ롢޼սնϣɨ˻ģκιûô
һôܰ
ڵõҶȫɱ⣬һ⣬ҪҶ˺÷顣
Щͨӵдɸ߽Ϊϧ츳սжˮҲûôЩͳͳ𣡡

ҶȾȻһƣһɹɻˣȼֻҪҪκβˣ̻Ϊҽ
ϰҶϣûаߣ˷ۼ
ƺЩսǴҪ㣡
ȻǵϷƼʯߣƯԸַʽɱһȥ鶼
࡭򵥰
ʱ˿̣ǵ棬ɫȻһ߾ʬ壬Ϸ׹ͨѾʧûһߵˣҪôߣҪôϡ
ǵˣʼĿҶϣһ۾ϣֳЩ˼飬һĨ𾪣ŷûϵϣһɾ࣬Ȼɱˡ
Ȼǿ󣬲Ƿʣɽ׷ףʱйϵ޽֮أϵż֣ĪҲһʣ
滢ҶȣҲ֪ڿЩʲôһֱüͷƺδףŵúãΪ壬߲ɽ磬ҪܵõϹһЩұһ壬Ϲ紫ĴڣعҲȻ
Сǣúø棬
թЦ
ңߣ棬Ҫ£ԣҪңҪץͽͽ
ҶȰţ̫ΪǣȻԼ֣Щӵдʵ֣ⷴҶ׽Ŀԡ
϶ǵǵĥҵ֪̫һ
뵽ЦȻʧȡ֮һɱҶȻ֮䣬ֱһ˻ơ
ͣ
һȥһƬ뻯ΪУ׹ͬƹ֮ɱһžʼ飬һ
ʮ˽׿ܣɱ
ȻҶȶԼʮ㣬Ͼһ˫֣˫ȭѵ֣ҶֲһɡɶǣζԿս޼սǼɱһɨ˻ͼ£Ϊҽ
߶һҶȻһ׿ܣҶһΪײɡ
ʲôȻӵһ˿˿ԣ
ʮ׿ܸոճ֣δ֣ͱߴɫüͷһȻ¶ϲЦݣֲһ࣬жԿɵֶΣԭһ
ҲҲһȻϹ磬ǴδйУκɼʺϣֻ
˫ۼ̰ͫ⣬ɱޱߵ̾²ðս壬ȥ߲ɽȡھȻһֻҪ꣬ұ޳ӵв񣡡
Сǣͳͳϣ
޴ڣʼ趯֨֨ͣʱӴһҶƬ̾ͳûоֻζѡ
ǧһԴȪߡ
ˢˢˢ
Ҷȣֱ֦֦ҶΪһ֦ͬϹ
ء
ʱҶҲִһӡһ⣬ʮ׿ܣʱ׿ǻ˹צֱӶӪֱײ췢ֲӤ֮
ꡫ꣡
һ׿ܣҶΪģγһ޴󱣻Ȧʮ׿ɱӪ־һ˺
ҶȾͼҰһڽ׿ǿ£һץһͳһؽأɣ׿ֻ£ͰֱץϣѸγ١
ڵǽ׿֣ܶЩǴɵͽ׵߽ף׿ʵҲڴɣ׿ں󷨣ǽײɡ
ǿ󣬼ҶΪˣԷӳһЩԽ׿ܱʵǿӲȿκθ߼
Ȼڶ࣬˶֣׿Ӳֲ̫ʵǿ󣬼ֱܿġ
ЩӦöǴ֮зַģ
Ҷȱʮ׿ܱõעս棬γ֣޴ɣԺʱ˴뷨ǵʵֻһ
츳ͨɡ
޷ץ硭ȻΪͶһЩĸ˵Щ
뵽ҶȱЦЦ
ԭִǰ֪϶˿ѣɽ߼ӣȴҪȡ֮ǰҶԭܶΣգû뵽־Ȼһ档
·תȻǿߣȴÿЦһ׶ѣֻ츳ͨǹˮʩչꡢͨˣǡҶӵвơ
ҶȵڰװռȻ˱ˡ
෴Ҷƣսǡÿ棬һնɱҶѴ￪ʼ档
СǣÿҪԶ֣ȡЩ׿ܣ
ͻȻҪֹͣγܼסҶȥ·߸ϵڷˣ˫綾߿ҶȣСӣɣҲԹɣ
Ī㻹˵ʲôҽһ֮Ļ
ҶȲмһЦ⣬澹Ȼܴӽ׿֮УĸҶȾþ㵣εȴڣһɵ۶޷ֻһȻܴӽ׿Ͽ
Ц̫࣬Сίߣȳ²֣˵ѹ㣬̫ף
ף
ҶȶһһƬЦȴ侲ǺãɣΣ
øΣʶʶ٣
ͻȻ𶯣ŷͷһ³һ֧֧ɫ٣ͬһ㣬֮мһٶ֧ͷųԽƷֲƣ̺һȻϢ
ʲôֶΣ
ȻʵģҶȻǲҴ⣬ϾԷףȻжܵƣһµĶ֡
ʥǹ
ৣ
һץ޼սˣҶֵĹʥǹҶշʮ׿ΧҶȿ׼һ٣һǹȥ
񣡡
ʥǹײһһ̣ҶȾȻֳֹʥǹͬâΪסһ
һһҶɫ죬ŷѪҺӿҶһǹ̳һΣȴ˳ȥ
Ȼ֣ûȻȫ飬ͬ˺Ѱʹ࡭
Ҷͣɫ԰ףûκα飬޷Զйʥǹһ̣ѡ


580 
ʥǹҶֶΣǰѪڤ֮ǹ̫⣬̫һνƷ
ǣΪﵽ׵ǰȻײôѣʵжôֲ
ȻܵƣֶβǲȴǷǳͳԽͨףܴﵽ۷Ҳ˵ʵҶȾ̫κͨᱻ顣
ǽ׿ܣҪǱٻУ˵Ҳ飬һҲһ棬ħʹõƷĽǷᦡҲܲס˻һ
徹Ȼ޷ƣ˺
Ҷɫɱھ޴ʹ࣬糣̬ǿѹʹ࣬Ȼ޷Ǵ߶ͿпʹҲǿӿ£ʧ
ҶǿôˣָܻΪľͷˣްмֻܻ֮ȡͷ­
ǿȻҪԽڻָƣ棬о޴ƣղţҪҶͨˣͲô򵥣˵һоͱնɱǵ飬˵˲ָҲָ
Сӣ˰ɣ
ʵ̫˽⣬֪ҶɣԳһ󣬾ӸµǸ߸ϵʱӵ߽ʵĴڣһ壬Թص磬Ƿˣҳɣ
һ̣Ҷκλᣬֱ´﷨ּҪҶȳ
Ļܼ򵥣ҶǷˣ߹磬ҶɵҲҪοơ
磿
ҶЦЦûһ˿ȣ̬棬֮ɽ֮ϣ޽֮أ䣬ִż񼶹磬ЦҲһҰݣ磬ǻ磬ֺ߹֮Ҫǰڳƣ㻹ûʸ񣡡
Ȼһ߹̬ˣ֪ܣһԽնɱȡұ̤磬ǻع磬ҵΪܣɣҲǹսȥ
ҪȡҪѿ࣬ɣ
˭֪Ҷȸһףʵ̫ţΪҶѾˣܵƣڳһʥģҪҶȹԹܷ
ƲԳԷƣһ·ߣȻѡ·»Ȫ𣡡
淢ŭˣ֮ϣϰͬƻ৵ؼɱκ
׹壡
ƲҶ̴߶ٻʮ׿ܣҶȿɲòɵĽ׿ܣô׻
ΪԿ棬ֻж÷̫󣬲˷ѡ
Ҷں֮·һٶ٣ɱ׸֣ڴ߶ǧͼҲߣֻʩչɷش档
ͳӣ
ԺʱðõķǾǵūͳӡ
ͳ֮ߵĴڣʮƷǹɽܣڵ󱻵ɣʧȥԵĴڣκɽˣ޷ʹãҶǡںʮ٣κε
ҲƻҪҪԪȴҪһ𣡡
Ҷٻʮ׿ܣκζΪҶȹûа취űɱ
ˡ
ͷڰɱһ̣ͻȻҶڱһϳ֮һϹŴӣסҶΧ

ϰ쳣ײڴ֮ϣоӣײֱ죬ϵĴӾ̫ɽǿֲٹ£Ȼûƶ֣ײڴϣΪһؽط
ǡ
ɲǼ䣬ŵЦȻֹӭһ𺳣޴Ҳ͵𶯣ǵضһʱʯϣû
ܡһʮƷʮƷȻʮƷɽ죬ʮƷߵĴڣֻг۲ʸƿأܷʮƷܣ
津Ŀģ﷢Ȼһˣ߶ʮƷһӰ
ʮƷ䲻ɽ磬ǳԽĴڣǵһһƷҪȥںϣУƿأһˣںʹñ㣬󲿷ֶܷӲ
һζ׷ΰΪʺˣȻǴشò뷨
ɽ糬ۣʹʮƷǰҪǳںһʮƷɽ緢ӳԶԶʹֻǰʹã޷ں
׿ԽߣѡʺԼΪﵽӽ󣬲ſ
澹Ҷȴ߶ʮƷֱ޷ţҪһܴ߶ʮƷǵ֣һɣȻʮƷںϣһںϵֱǿȳ۾ֶΡ
С࡭͵͵װǱҵƿأֲ֪ú־ֶΣȻҵƿءӵʮƷ
泹׷ɫȻô䣬չֳֶΣڱ仯ǵۼ
Ҫ֣Ҳ֣֣˵ơʱ뿪ˣ
ڱ仯ͨûͷſֲ٣ҶȾ֪ǵʱ̡
滹޴ΪЩǵƿңҡҶȿʼ߶ǧͼ׼ƿߡ
ǵΪҲᱻѹԪ׸Ҳֻ־ܵķݣʴˣΪͬѹҶȣҶȲɣҶûκӳᡣ
СӣδùʮƷҵģ룬仯Ҳɭɭ
棬ҾͲȥˣǣ
ʱҶȾȻΪһݣһƬرŨܵ
ߣĵ˵һССߣǿߣҲߣ𣡡
û뵽ҶȾȻ˲ȥǲżֱſɫһɫ棬Ҷȷϯȥ
꣡
ɫԴԭ֮ƣɨˮɫɣΪ̣¶յգҶټ
ɶ񡭡ɶ񣡡
˫һԵâҶʧռ䣬ͷκݻ٣Ȼ޴棬ûҶȰӰӡ
¿ɺãôӵۣͻأ䣬Ϊһ˰壬ɲǳգͷһ˲̣ܣܣһɣôϢӹҵĵ
ɻ󣬿ʼÿռ䣬Źһ䡣
ǵ࣬ããҰԭ
ৡ
һۣǵǰ
ӳˣ뿪ǵʧȥ޷ҺΣ
ϢգҶȣЦݣȻɫЩ԰ףܴӳǲ
ɣһع飬޻˵Ǹǻ취ΪңϵʵûʲôͳԸɴףҪһСڵȰ꣬Ҳپ
߶ȫһָҶ̷ֶҶʵִ
ţǡ
ҪɳԭҶͻȻӦһɹϢԭϢ֮лص̺һƣЩϢҶȶϤǻһץƼͷų
ৡ
ʮʹԭһշΪߣԪ尣īС£һʮ
Ϣ̫ǿǵʮԿնɱ棬ֻϧٶһǵѹ
ҶֵܣȻƽˣ
ī׵壬Ҷǰ´һҶల£жô
ҶҲʮ˷ܣӭˣһ໥ͷīʦ֣λҶȲţһӳ죬ֻϧѣջûӳħߣ
˸
ԪȻɺ䣬ҡҡͷȥѣӳЩˣɢȥ
վǶиӪɣξ໥ΣԭҿԽһʵĵɡҶϵܣ뻢Ѩȣֱ屡죬ҶģϣһɣһţŽ໥иӦ
ԣɣ
У빲ԭΪУ֪ҶϵܸǴһ·Ƕûеɶɣ䶼ɣ֮йԮֻ潨ɣ֦ͬɽվȽŸ
һʾԼ
ɣ
ҶȵǺ⣬ɽ磬ҾŴжɣЩɣʵǿ󣬿һɣֲڵȴԭλᣬɡ


581 Ϊʥ
ֶɽǿ֮һҪվȽŸӵʵϵ
Ҷȼֶ죬ֱڽƣȡǵ񣬾ΪҶûип׾Ҳ޷Ҷֶ㡣
ңҶҲпһŮˡ
ʣһ·ֻм뵳ɡ
ʮԪ尡īСΪ뽹Ҷȣɣһÿ˱֧֣ԪʵҶϵܣǴҶûΣ͵һ仰
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ĿⶼҶϣֿ
Ҷ˫¶ȹâǣãλ粻һɣҶȾڴλɣӴ˹ͬˣ벻
̫ˣ
ö̲ס˷ź
ʱԪ߳ɣһԪӡׯ¿ɣʮλֵܣԭǵͬ빲ôѲԸΪɣ
빲ôѲΪɣ
ɶʱԪӡʮԪӡ㼯һͬһֽɫգʥϿա
Ҿ۷Ԫ尡īС¡ʥغסҶȡԪӡ
ͬˣ벻
Ԫ尡īΪ¡ҶʮԪӡʥ⣬ģһÿ˶ܸܶԷ־
ৡ
ںʮԪӡʥ⣬Ϊʮƣÿ壬ÿڶӵиԪӡ˴֮໥ӦӵͬѪһģһԶż롣
ɣÿ˾һˣȴֲһˡ
ӴǾһˣһɣְɣԪ就˫֣ɲǿˡ
һĬºȻ߳ԭֹͬѹ빲硭ǵɾͽСʥ
ʥ
øʥʧֿ֣Լԭۣͬɵɣ
һʱ֮䣬˶޳ɡ
ʥҶȰһƳ˼Ӵһ¶ߣҲǿΪпããɽ˵Ǳϣġ
ʥǵʮˣʥѣλҪ־ߣֿƼʥڸɡ֮У£ǿ߼룬һʥŻ׳󣬳ɾŰĴڣ
ī˷˵
˵ĺãʥˣ̫Сţλֵܶһʥɽ˷ɵʥӵʮԪ־ģ£ӴǾʥϵ
ৼ£ֻԪһдһ㣬赭дһööʥƣС
øַ
˲ץסʥҶȾʹиܵԼϢϢװԪᣬǴͨɣԪ尹Ȼʵ֮ˡ
˶쳣˷ܣѪڣ໥ҽܣԭҶʶ꣬໥ϤֽΪʥȻ໥ܡ
λԪɽ磬Ŀǰھ۷½磬Ѱ磬λֽΪʥʥһ˵ĵɣ˵Ϊߣаƿʥ˼ʥҪΪһƽɰ˷ĵɣ
ʱԪƺһֱ׽ʲô£ˣ˰һжʥڴ
ԭһ㵣ģ˭Ϊߣ˭ʥͷԪ˵˵ģȻ˹ǡ
ˣ磬λֵܣ׷ɱʱ֮£òĸЩ䵽ɵУԻᱻ
Ҷ߳ˣһľ˸Ŀҫ
Ӷͻͻͻؼӹҫ֮УɳһؽسһɻͷŹĸ͸һɽǷ
Ϣ
⡢⡢壬ӵۺϢȥɽκεط޼֮ɽ磬֪ɵǿķѰ磬ؽļӣ
ֵ˵һ㲻û뵽ҶֵܾȻõôȥ׸ɵۣҪʲôؽʹֱͣӼɵ£Ǿͷɣǳ֮
īСµ˷׷ץסһԱԭΪȡ磬ѹһڲúûţʥõνǴԲ
Ȼ˷ܣ
ԪҲץסһأϳݵı飬ĬãŵλֵܣǾȻܵõʵǴˣҶֵܣΪ˲Ҷֵܰװ׸һõӣڳΪʥػߣ
ԣӡ뿴Ҷȡ
Ҷڤڤ֮УЩΪĹǵס
ǻԭ̣治֪ʲôֶͨΣһ׷Ǿ鷳ˣλֵܣǾʹ˱к£ֻҪ߶ʥžֵܣɳʹ˸𣡡
Ԫ尹Ȼϵ˵һȭʩ֮󣬹Ϸɽ񷣬Ҫصɽ硣
λֵܣǡ
ʮȺȥÿȥ֮ǰҶȱȭʩ
ʣһˣ
ʮ֮ԭյգֻʣҶһˣӰ
ҫӦҲȥ˵Ҫصֶ졭֪˾ηͳ꣬Һּ
ವһҶȾʩչȥ
Լ꣬ҶȾѳֶ콮Χַм죬ƯںƵɽ֮յһƯյݣ˭뵽ʵɽ˷
ৣ
ֲǰҶóƣ߶ƣͷһ̺޷ӡĹââӴ磬ԳһͨҶ롣
Ȼɽʥʥأ
Ҷ˵һԭ֮УǶɽһļʶ
ӷ羭޽֮أԷ֮ɽ磬һɽ磬Ҷȶδúðһɽ߸飬̤ɽ硢ɽ磬ͨͨûȥɽƴص
ԭ֮УҶɽ죬νĵһιУȻǺúüʶһɽĲ󣬾գԭǵȿֲĴڣײɱЩôСܾ
ɽ置Σķ̺Ϣɽ֮Уˣֲޡ̫ޣޡޡжȵȣնɱɣɽԭһǿأһɽҲǾԵľͷǽԭ棬һֻƨǶףҲҪѹ
ɽ֮ǺΣյϢھһȻͬɽ磬ƽ͡ס
ƽֻǱϵģҶ˵ʵɽ֮⻹ҪΣգΪпĵˣ޷Ԥϵ塣
ԭȻǾһȴǾɣٶϢΪﵽɾŽ۷壬Կɡ
ҶȲɾʵǿҪǽɣʵǴﵽˮ׼ҪֶеһЩʽǽ֮ϣȡΣһˣȻֶƽơ
ɾҶ˵һ޴ѹأҶҪԵĲһͳ꣬ؼҶҪȥǳħ𣬻нݴն죬Լ̫λ棬еڳ˯֪ټڤ
ΪЩˣ£ҶҪȡͻɡɡɾɽ粻Ĵڣɽۡ
ʵԽԽǿٻ׹ȥص𡭡ʵֲʹﵽɽ۵ļ𡭡
֮䣬Ҷ뵽˵꣬ڵ޵и֣һһͻľͷ
νվԽߣԽԶҶ̤ɽ磬ʵȥ𣬻뵱Ǹ棬;û飬ûģƺֹɽǰ㲻򵥡
Ҷһٵǿ֣ǿĶ֣ǵ
˿ҶѽֶһֳֶͨͨҪڣҶ̤ͨͨ
ֶڲ磬洦ɼټŮΪɽ塢ˡ
ʮͨ໥ͨͷǴɽ֮ϵһ¥ֳ
߼Ҷȣк£
ҶȻΪһ¥֮ǰߴſվżʮ鷨ߣҶȴδģҶԺֶɽеϢգ۾ͿЩ
Ҷȱȭλʦ֣¸ո
ǱɣһĮ
Щ˶СҶȲóּԷȻתȥ
û뵽˾ȻҫʮԲ߶飬ҶȹȻֶΣ
Ҷȥһ̣⼸鷨䡣
ˣҶȱ棬ʦǶ֣ǲҪ棬ѱԣȥʦ㣬û´
ִҲǷŵȣЩɼ鷨ߣλܵͣ鷨ߣȨߡ


582 ѩ
ʲôһˣȻԭ
ڣ֮УһĶ
֮УһȭɨǰװƷ飬һŮӣŵöҿ
Ůսս־֮֮ǰīдżȥִУֻһ˻ŻȻû¼ҲĬĬѡع鶴죬ŷҶȺôһ֪Ҷ񣬿϶֮ǰ취Ըٸ϶֪£޷ŶԸ
øɡ
ƺ뵽ҪΪС檣³ǼΪɱģЩͨ˵ΪС檣Ϲٵ£˵ȴǳ衣
ӨһƬɱŮͬľͷ˲Ҷһ£˼ãƺ뵽ʲô취ԸҶȣɭɭŮӣһɱȻ׳Ϊ߼ӣȻҪΪ޴ףȥˣһһǸؼҪǲȡ񣬾Ź洦
ؼ񣿡
Ůһ𣺡ʦ𣬴ﵽʮ״ԲǸ߼еǿӣִؼһɣִؼǣ
Ŀһݣѵ˵ҪȨѹˣ
ңңӲңŮӱһĿ⣬޷ƣŵüæϴ
ǾȥɣҪԸҶȣ϶ڣҪԸӻ䣬ŮӾʧӰ١
ΪͨС檣ͳ깫ӣҪ㿴ҵĲֱӱǸˣ
ڿһˣ˸Ťգһγ״Ƥ֮ͷţҾͲţһ鷨ߣԸһͨӣйӱң˵һҶȣҲҪڽ£
ɱɱÿռ䣡

˭Ұɣѵǳƣֻն磿
صҶȾͷӡ󷨣ѶȫգҪһԭõٶʣȫ֮ʣҶڤڤ֮иоһɵ֮
˸
ҶĻ˼ЦҪǳħն촫ݵҶȾԻƿأֱ
Դ龻˵ƿأδ֪ԤϣԽ뾫׼
ֶ죬˶Ҳ˼˭֮֮ҺΣ
ԭ֮УҶȻٶඥȻ󲿷Ը棬ʣȴǾ춯صģȻȲԼ򣬵Կһһ
ҶȿνʵѾﵽʮ۷壬ɾŽףֻҪһͷͻ̤ʮףɾͻɣ
ԿԽĺ蹵顢棬ɿɲһֻδ״̬ѣ棬ޣɾ壬㲻࣬ɾҶȰ֮壬ϸͨһ̤ɾʵһ
ͻɾҪҶȲʩչκֶΣֻҪ߶ʮ׿ܣϽףȫսϸ죬Ҳ¡
ҶԤϵǱܣɶԿֱӿԽɾɽϴڣǴɾ޷ԿԿԽľ磬Ž˶ԴɾԿ
Ҷʮ˽׿ܣɾ֣һͻɾԸף
ɾǸСսֶڲɹɴ٣϶ᱻǿֻ߲ȥ֮⣬ͻƾ磬޳ɣɷ򡭡
ڶʱգӡҶ׼ָռֻҪһ깦ھռ侭һǧУ̤ɾûκѡ
ţ
Ȼողúõ󷨷ӡһˣһ־ڶ֮ռ䡣
ˣ
Ҷƣʱ޷ռУΪ붴գͿһڶ֮ͷš
Ҷ֣Ǹҫ
֪Ҫӡ֮ʣһϤҶȶУǱԭʮֶ֮УΪߵĸҫ
ҫøҫҲϧðգһ˵ȳȴڲңһ˽
ҶһߣЩӣҲֻиҫǰϸϸһѣôͬŹϵ˶ѣҶȴһץֳһ͸ӡӰӳ
Ųֹиҫˣ˻ŮӣҶȺϤʮ֮һ
²Щһһ϶ģҶĮһЦ৵һͳƶ磬⣬ڸҫǰ
ҫȭҶʦܣ
ʦ֣λʦ㣬ݣʦ֪кҪ£ҶȲ²ʵ
ԱһλŮģ£ǸѵСˣҶȿͿҶʦܣ˫ʢᣬҵȶǴо빲ѣǵ˵ǣǾ׽ţһȥӵأ֮ʦҲҵȴҪҶʦܣҪлҶʦܣ
ʦʦҪң
էȻ֮䣬Ҷе⣬㵣Ȼǵãʮ֮У˸ҫΪߵһˣﵽʮ۷壬òҶҲǵ
˫Ҳԣڴʮײǧ꣬ͻȻѡ˫ޣǽ˫ͻȻиʦȻͷͻӲʦӣ
Ҫ˫ߣϾˣһЩûԶ־򣬻ǼǵߣӲǸ߼ӣ޹ؽҪʦҪңһǲҪĺã
뵽Ҷ˾˵ͷȻҹͬȷǻ빲ѣ˫£ȻҪȥһ
ãǾȥӶ߱ҪʲôǡҫŮӣҶȵǿߣӵŷֶͨ
Ҳżֶ죬Ǹں֮УӽύǿϵһɣǼ鷨ߣɣĵӲֶ
ԽͨҶ˼ܣԺ뷨βμ˫ʢᣬһɢϵĻᡣ
ֶɽжٵӣҶȶ֪֪ĵӣֻһ֣ɽ죬ֶǾްԵɣľӣҪܵõӵλȻˮǴߡ
ɽ̨Ǭٶǲеģ
ʦ֣λʦ㣬²żţΪֵͣûʲô䱦һƷһΪ񣡡
ۿҪﵽӶҶóһˡ
ƷƷʣʺϴɾʹãҶʦܣ̫ǲ֪ϵԺʦܶǰ˵ϼûҫƤ˸黫Цݡ
ԭЩΪкϵ
ҶȲΪȻЦЦͨһƬɽȣɽڲһɽ籦ʯĶʱӵڸ˵ף
ҫ˴Ҷȷ붴һ·ϣٵӴŶҶȶԿ£׷׶Ҷ࿴ؼҶȱ棬òЩ˹Ŀ࿴
鷨߾ȻҲУӱʦ𣬲򵥣
붴Ҷȼʮλ鷨ߣȻҲӵأҪ֪ΪﵽԲһɽ磬߰Щ˶ǰ£ϵ
ҪܳΪǾͶһѣҪԺ޷ɾӵӱʦϹϵ
Ҷʦܡ
Ÿҫ붴룬ҶȾͼһȺŮӡԱһʮΪӣ죬ʱȺӼҶȣæ߹ͷŲɫΡ
ŮȻǽⳡʢŮǣӣ
Ҷʩ񣬵ϲϲʦ㣡
ʦܾһһⲻʦܹͣʦʦں󸮵㣬ʢʦһã룡
Ҷһ󷨷ӡ֮ǰŷӡһ֣ͳһŻҶһЦջޣϣʦдջ񣡡
ҶȰͷŵջԪӡû뵽ӣʥŮȻҲ֮治ܿҪһˣͰݵʯȹ֮¡
ΪҶȱԻͷɫЦݣʵҶʦܣʦڼɡѩԱҪܱУǰԶ󰡣
ѩ
ҶûжӦȴ𾪡
ѩ䲻˵Ҳֶż֮пѩֶǿ߽ĵɣֶӵԺĵλ
ҶȰӡջ֮Ż֮У˲һľĺԺȻϢʮŨ


583 
ҶȵΪ⣬û뵽֮ˣ֮УµĺԺ
͡
Ȼ֮䣬ȻĿȴһϢδҶκηӦԺȻȫ⡣
ơ
Ҷȴڱ磬κγᣬ֪һʩչֶΣҪǲͻᱻԷá
ɲǴ߶̫һͬڷһӰ֮⡣
ꡫ
ѩ׿ռ䣬͸ӨıҶȣ֪Ҷͷ߶£㱻ֱ˺ѣ顣
ֶΡ
Ȼһֹӱ˵ֿܵһУţȻǸĵӡ
Ȼͷڰг֣ԭ뿼ҵΪҺûȫԸΪҾôöԸ
Ҷ˼ϸ壬ʱ䱸ȻŪ֮ǰͱ¶ʵ֮Ҷȵǿ߲˼ӵʦ𡮽ӡԲվͬߵѡ
ʦҶԺ֮ǰѾӲٵĵУ׽ʦݡ
ԭΪӱʦӣȻ鷨ߣҲһͷֶܴ󣬵Ӳ࣬ÿ໥߶ҶΪټԼ⣬óһëϵ
ڿ΢΢и
㵹Ǽᶨ
һҶǰһŮӣǶʯɫëݲʮŮӣҶǰΧռȻʧԺֳ
һ񻪹Ůӣʦͷӡ
ɽ磬ԭǴʮ׳ưԵɽ磬ֶЩɣȴӵдͷһףɽҲߵĴڡ
ӡѰЩֶߵĴڣ֮ͬеĻʵۣپ졣
Ʈ֣ԿƣҶ޷ھһɫȸɽԪΪɲǼڽһϣǧΪһ塣
Ҷȴʱȭʩ߼Ӱݼӣ
ӻ֣һɾҶ𣺡Ǹ߼ӣʦ𣬵λ߶ѣȻһɣȴҲʵҶȣµϣ˵ллģ
ҶͬΪֶӣͬǷ֮£ѩˣټҶȣ֪кηԸ
ҶȻó˵һ׿ͷ֮㣬˷ϽҪһ仰֣֮ء
Ǻǡ
ĺȻһƳĿŷ֣ԲȦΧҶⲽĿһֱδҶƿҶȵЩڡ
ͳͼҵˣõͳңʴɽ֮Уӵкܸߵλͳһõıӻߣ棬ȻҪԸ棬ͲŹ㣡ȻҲȥҲûǸ˼
˼ĦӷüۣСһڨ
ӣڴʲô˼
ԷⷬҶȵ޷׽⣬ͳļƣֶӵߵλֶµӣĸ֣ƺͼңҲɵ档
Ǹˣ˸žĿ⣬ƺҶһ˿˿ǣǸˣĪԴ󵽣һ˿ԿͼңͳͼңֻǸ竹ӶѣͼҸҲڴܱӻһӣһ̤ɽ磬ѱһӱ࣬¸˫ͳɷŹֻгΪС檵ӣ
ⷬǲҪ棬ɳɴϧӣΪǿ桭ҶȲĪ֪ȴŽӻʲôҪ˵
Ҫ֪ӵʲô⣬ѡĬ
Ӳ֪ҶȵĵףҶҲԷ⣬ֶ֮һѩȻͼҿ⡣
ôĸҲͼҶ֣ᱻͳ뷿ڣֶжӣ治˼ңҲͼУ³Ȼõ
ӣлֱ˵ȥ
ϻӣã˵ʣҺܿأϣ棬ѩѩĹ;
ѩɷҶԸ鷳Ҷȷŷġ
ߣһʲôѩھɽߵĴǵˣǶذĵӣΪţңӵųάȫͼ֮ϣ˵һһҲǶ֣㻹֪жɽۣһףϵĴڣ
˵ɭȻŷϻȨǳҶȣֶĵӣٮٮߣɾԿĵӣʷҲУɾնɱЩӣ۸ڶУո䣬ʧʷ֮У
Ŷ
Ҷµܾ㵣ԭΪ־ֶΣֶ֮о޽еģһҶȲ֪죬ˣܿܿеһѡ
ɾնɱɣǾ֮ӣ
ɽ죬̺λ桢ռ䣬һ޴Ĵ棬ͬҶһõ汦ӵֶΣҶֻһ˱ҶȵõӾס
ôΪЩ֮ӵ˹֣ȴûгΪɽۣɽ糬۵Ĵڣ
Ϊʲôյ˵ҶȸɫţΪɽۣˮɵ£ϧЩبŴ˵֮ӣΪζûгɾͲǿߣΪЩŲṇ̀ûй۽磬ûһƽġ
ţԼĳڣκ˷ǿžǷе׳꣬Ҳ߶֡
ţôʷ֮С
ӴʱҶⷬ˼ڴˡ
κһǿߣûջ䣬ҶҪɾ;ҪͶѩѩ԰κԸۣǵѩһΪŮӵг裬޳ͷ֮ա
Ҷȸѩɾɽ糬ۣԶҲŮ֮µһһӱǣűߣûɣ
Ҫõ࣬ȻҪһۣ
ʣѩͻװ׶ͣ𣬵Ҳһţ󻹲ˣλΪһг裬֮Уӵһ֮֮ϵĵλ
ʶʱΪܣֶ죬ѩÿһѩ㼴ӵŮҹźԻС檣֮ϣԶԸͼң棬Ҳ취ΪС檣Ůū
Ϊ£ҶȣȻϧ˵ҶֵĻ
ʲôˣףȥءɽľǿߣȻѩǰʲôǣġ
ͼҲѩĵˣţŮӶŮūͼҪԸĵˣǼѩѣӺȻĿ⣬Ҷȿ
ѩԭǺһĴڡӣһŮӣֶ챾ŮΪԷ飬ѩֶ죬һǳڣ
ҶȻһ䣬ǼᶨɽۣҲ޷ջοһѩ
ڵǶѩ˽⣬ֶȻһްɣڻͼҡѩ־
ӦԭɣܼѩһѩٻȻڻ£ɫӵȨͳǶ԰
ͻȻתȻ̺һֹƻͨڶʩҪҶЭѩ
ҶȰڨЦһƺʲôƲߣӦӣԽʩӣһССɣôܵõѩУСвѩĨɱɹͳұӦѩɲҪѩʵ㣬϶Ҳˣ֪֪ˣװδУ
ҪҲ޵ðɣҾʹӦ㣬˳ʶʶѩֶΣһʲô治ҲͳȥȺϢɣӵҶȣʧ֮ӻ־Ҷȥˡ
꣬ҶȣȻʧΪţһУƽı֮һδʩչֶΣѩҪΪɣҪ־ӣ
ʱһصİӰӽգֳ֪ԺηںδãѰ
ʮֹӰʦģҶȶΪѩãʦûѰţͳͳƿ֮Уܱܹɫȴ޷ӹȨջӾ˱
ʦ㡭ɫӰܿʧ
ǾͲҪĺ
˸Цݡ
Ŵɡ۹͢δϹ


584 ּ
ӡѩǺöҪԸնŶͽý֣֮ϢҶҪ֪ôģ
뿪󸮣Ҷʢ֮Уҫ˼̸ȴڰЦſα
Ϊ鷨ߣȴԽݣȻԸҶһɵӣоΪ˲ݣ˵㣬ֱɥĲΪﵽĿֶ꣬Ρ
˶Լ·ѡַʽ͵ѡһ·㲻֣Ҳûк³
Ҷһ񱭣ʯ̶ɵϣƷɽҲӣʢһˣڿû顣
˫ʢҹŽҶҲҫӣԻع鶴
ˡ
춴ڣҶȸոջع飬δüռУ֪һǿ־Ȼ˶󷨣ֱӶ
ݲҶȷӦ־ͻΪͶӰʹߣӸ·һָң
ѵǽӵõѩɣôϵϡ
Ҷ̴߶˼һǰͶӰΪһֻ߲ʺʼ賯֮ȥҶȥ뿪
߲ʺʼͨҶȽ󣬾Ѱ߲֮ͨʺȻͷһ⣬ʱһֶͨ
ֶͨЩͨǸ߼ӡʦʦʥʦ𼶵ӴãͨӺһЩ۵ӣûʸֻͨܿշУǼԦ
Ҫ֪ǳ֮ҪǿշУѰһƬǲ֪Ҫж졣
ͨʦ漶ʸƿأЩֶͨͨǿĴǿڶЩǿߣͬѰ̡ӣֻߴڵǿߡ
׾ͷɽ磬ǲľֶ֣ڣĴڣ涴ȻΪصģһ߼Ӿ鷨ߣҲ޷涴
һΣٷõл涴Ҵﶴڱ仯λãûٷҲ
ЩֻͨϵøѣӵΪ϶˽⣬ǿѰֶĴڰɣ
һ߲ʺٷУ֪ͨҶȶЩͷĿѣ߲ʺֻһٷ̺һףٷܣȻϡ
ҶΪ޷߲ʺٷ־ɽ磬κ˿ٷҪӭ
ৡ
ͨȻҶתͻأ߲ٷĺȻ仯ΪһĻҶֱӴͨߡ
ɲǼŤǬߵҶȫٷƿأ޷ҪҪɱ޷ߣ׻ɱ

ŤȻֹҶȽŸأִһɽ֮ϣ֮һϤϢҶüͷһתʩ񣺡Ҷȼǰ
һ̶ʱղ㵹ܳɫΪҵʱ֪δأȻɫ񣡡
ವһʧƷϯֻһ۵棬ɽˮ֮߳
ԭɽɫ磬ǻ󣬺øĲֶΣҲ޷׹Ȼˣ
棬ҶȲŻȻΧû뵽ȫƿأΪǲһ
ͬͬ£أһɨ¶ɫΪ־٣йȻ̿࣬Ǹͻ˳֮УԶʧ
ҶȵŬӦõģ󴦴ңҪǲŬģȻᱻ˲ڽ£뷨跨ԸңһɲöԸ
Ը˵Ѱɣ
ƺлһ˿ʢŭҵûϵô뷨ȻѩԸ
ȻΪӣҶƬƿԣû뵽ô֪¡
㻹˼
ȳ⣬ٲȻһ𳤱ƣݺѹҶȣ̺Ŀ⣺ѩֶɣ㵹ͷѩǲԸʲôѩ˵ңǣҼѩ
ԣҶȣ
ɽ糬ֶ죬ʦ棬Ȼ˰һǴҲ֡
ҶȸϽǰһ͵ŭȫҶȶΰʦ۽ֻѩ֣Ըͳ꣬ʦͳ
ѩ֣֮ߣΪѩʲôͳǲǻѩǼ黫꣬Ǻöһͳ꣬ԺΪѩ߹
ǻŭץסѱͿʼһơ
˭˵ͳƵô·ֻȻǰѣɹѹأͲѩҲһرСˣҵ˼ˣ
һݣΪҪѩ壬Ǽ׵£ǵѩҿֶ֮أѩĵǶĵӣͬʵһ㣬߸ϣøҶȣҵͼңѩͷˣǲҪ֮أ
Ҷһͬ޵ǿߣܲţֻһֱɽ磬޷УҪͳƻضţղɰģ
֪飬̬סҵ£ԸţҲͬʱҪףڵڰԻĵز
ģôֻѩԸͳѣѩǶԸͳ꣬ĸԸٹЩʱգѩҺΣֻҪʱסѩܷ֮ҶȻȥ˽ᣡ
ʦ棬Ҳ󡭡
ҵҪûʵʸ񡭡
Ҷ취֮ʣȴͻȻΪһӰɷ˵һɨҶɨָץ
ʦ𣡣
Ҷûϵ˷޳˵֮䣬ƾͱ赭дԼͷҶֹȴҲ޼£ûͣ˼
Ȼˡ
µҶҲ޷ٱʵŭҪǲܿˣҶȸף̽ʵڽţҪѩͼҶԿͱչʵ
ݡ
Ȼ֮䣬̫һսҶ֮бֻҶͬԱٿȻŹ棬ӭһȭԵָ
񡫡
һϸ֣һɲײĿ۹ҫ̺̫һȭͷָײһ˭û𶯰֣ǲ£
øҶȣȻʵֲ֣Ϊ˭֪㾹Ȼдɸ߽ʵܽסʮ֮һ
澪ȴҶȣȻ£˵ʲô治ţɾǴʮףҲܽӵס
ҶȴˮƤʺ죬ɫˢףϢңȻͬСɡʦ棬벻Ҫٱң
ȻûʩչȫֶΣֲҲϧԸѩ㻹ֶΣҾҪֶαƳһɾˣӵʲôܣ
ʱͬ۵ӣżҲҧˣΪϾͷѿҶȾԻиֶδʩչҪҶȴֳԭΣɲǼ䣬ʵҪ
һҶʵ޷Կֻʩչǧͼ˵ᶯ뵶ū
ֻҪ뵶ūһʰҶ֮䣬ڱ΢ϵΪˣҲѣҶȲ뿴ֽ֡
ಣ
ʵͷͷ֮ʱһɫӰͻأһư룬𿪣㣬ʲô
濴ɫӰĵӣÿСӴӵֶ죬ԭһֱڰϻʵĺܣ

ǿ£ҶѾϾ޷ȥ鿴Ӱ˭ʱէȻ˶Ի׾Ȼˣ
ǧͼ
Ҷ˵֪֮ϸ˵ҪȶлҪݲؼͬãҶȿɲƻ˹ϵд߶ǧͼ
ಣ
ǿ֮£ҶȾȻشѹ£ΪĿҫƾһʹ˴ǿ
ţ
ʱһͬʱһŷҶһĻֱǻþʵʡ
عȻӣ㿴СһֱͲģֶΣܴƿһܣ
㣬ȲҪżҶȻãҲ̣ҪǾĲͷ֣
ֱվҶһߣҶȰ棺ÿ˶ܣҵһۼ;һһˣҵķħĽǷڣȻȫĽǷᦿƣҲЩֶΣǳֶΣҪǾϲ⣬Ͷ˶ȡͷ


585 ɱ
ĽǷᦣ
ȻϤ֣ռȻȻԺ뵱Ӯ̤ɽ磬ɱڴɱֽȵȻҶǰ
ɾ̤ɽ磬ҪϵҶˣֶ졣
һУڤڤ֮з·עģ
ѹסŭ𣬲Ҷǰ绪գչ¶һɻҶȣħƿ£ĽǷȥʱҾ;㲻򵥣ҽĵףû㵱ˣڣҲ֪㵽˭ʲôĿģ
ǽãȻģûҶȻشƳһۣͷŭ
֪֮ȻǲẦ㣬ҲǣҵѣҶɽ磬ûмѡ
̬չڣҶ֮ǰҲԤϣϾ̫ܣһɣɽ绽꣬ݺƸ϶ܣǸ˶ỳɣҶǴ½ֶǾɣɽްԣһֶӿµĵˣֶ죬ҪڴˣţֶԸҵĵˣ
һЦĵ˭˵Ȼ㣬ֶۺεȴڣھɽ֮ϣһ𳬼ۣ˭ܼԦ֮ϣڿЦʥɽҲ˵ѹֶ֮ϣ
ɽ磬ܳԽֶɣȷʵ١ʱҲҶȵĻЩ˼飬ںܶ©
ֶֶۣ۲ɵۣ۶ѣֲߵͷλ칬޴󣬻ֶ죿
ҶȲòó칬ἰ칬ִߣϾһ˵ͻ
칬
ͬʱһ칬ΪȻȴɡɡɸ˽ֲ֮
칬
һƳƣߣ칬ȷɽǿĴڣϹɵĺᣬڣŻܣɽ죬ȷûκ칬ᲢۣǶһӣ칬ִˣһŭ֮£ϼۣնɱ칬ִߣɽ磬Ҳֻж۸ҶԿ칬ִߣ
ĬһԵҲɻɢҶȣһɣΪλ칬칬ִΪУ˵ȥ˭һɣȻ칬ִΪУ
ɣԿ칬
ڴʱƺ뵽ôֲ飬˼飬ʼҶȵһ㿴
㣬ôˣ
Ȼ飬ȫףһء侲棬Ȼֱ顣
˫üססСĵãѵˣڴԼǰһɽ磬Ǽ䶯ɽĴ¼𣿡
˵һɽ磬һΪɣɱ칬Ĵ¼ɡһɽ磡
ɲǼ䣬ŷҲ뵽ʲôӸޱ𺳣ͬʱɴ˫ۣҶȡ

ȻԷ³ţҶȾȥҲ壬桢ҲǼյСˣ÷һӣҶõȥ¼һץǽɫͷϣϣɲǼ䣬ҶȾ칬ͨ
䶯ɽɱ칬Կɽ۶ȥ飬һɸˡ
ҾǸһɽ칬ɡҶȴͷͬװ˵Ȼһ֣ͷʧֳƽţ
⡭
ĻȥҶݣҶȾȻ칬ͨĵʮͨߣҪǴȥǶҲΪ칬ͨ
ڣ˲ſʼףΪʲôҶأǿܣΪҪֶȵȣһžҶĿ⡣
֮Уƽ
ҶȾȻǸҶԿ칬һɣεȴڣɱ칬ķˣɱ칬ִߣǶ۱ˣҲȥȻԿ칬
ɽ磬칬ǲȥǵĶħޡ
Ҳ֪ΪҪðնԿ칬һɽ˸ͽܣΪٻɶǣһδúôٻо飬칬ִߣ칬ִ߾ȻҪӲİŮӣٻȻӣߣ칬ִ߾ɽϳͷ֮ݣɱҵͽҶȵͽ֮䣬ΪʦɲΪͽѩޣ칬ôɱͽߣǳۻҪѪծ
ȻϻӴ򿪣ҶȾ԰ѹַй桢ʮַģǺܺ߶ͻȻһļʹϧΪ̫̫Ҫɾ磬һɽ칬ͻ𣬶ɽҲǣ칬ҴﵽɽΪҪһɽѪϴΪͽΪ˸˲ұҪ칬
һʼСҼоֶΣΪ̫ͣҸǿܶԿ칬ǿΪп
˵ҶļʹɢϢҲ˳ٻ֮Ҷ˵̫أԸȥ¡
Ϊ̫ʹ࣬ʹ飡
û뵽лôһ۹¡ǿӲж˼ȻʧԵĳĬ
ŷҲʹ칬ִߣȷ칬о·ˣ˭ҲӣҪô͹ѺҪôնɱҶȣɱúãɱʹ죬ο㻹һɣЩνĳۣѪж
ҲŲɱͽҾҪ칬ֶ죬ҪһչʾŻΪֶ쳬ӣõӵԺԸ칬кܴϵԵʱҲŹȻԿҽһһΪֶ˽֪ŵӣ
ɢȥҶȰɱ
Ȼһ˸ûᣬٹ꣬ɽ确ɱ
ҶȵǴδɱ
ʱ͵ɽ죬Թоɱÿһɽ絽ʱ򿪾֮ţøŵӽж꣬Ҫǻǰʮͻɽ磬ֶڣĿĽ㣬ֶͻصӣ
ȷʵһҳĺûᣬ֮ʲôҶüչһЦݡ
֮ϹɽԶû֪Ǿ֮ȴˣһˣػɽľ֮ţ֮Ŵʱ䣬Ҳ˾֮ӵ汦Թɽ֮չֲŻĴ̨
վϸͣŷѾҶѩԸͼҵ飺ţÿһɽɱùΣÿλεӣڶھӣѩЩŵӣءءɽùΣ˵λõ۱ɽ磡
ҶͻȻĥȭĵøɱһҪμӣҪɽɱ֮УΣ
油˶ܲμӾɱÿŶԼأţҪμӴߣ빱һؼ֮ϵġκζȡûżҲÿӶвμӾɱһٳĻᣬǡ߼ɽ磬ɡĵӣÿҲʮӶѣ
һ񣬸߼ؼ񣬽񡭡ҶȵȻ֪ܼѣ޷ɣ˵񣬾ϴθ߼ǵ˵Ǵɼ޷ɵ
ֺοؼ񣬽
ҪμӾɱҪΪϹͣͬʱǿӲʸ
аꡭ
Ҷ˴㣬ת⣬ȭϲɹʥɽ
֪ҶȻͻأ˵ֻȫʼһ㻹ЦҪң޶޲
ҪСѩͼң浹û˼Ц˽ҶȵϸҶȣ
ģֶΣסףҲնɱκҲв
Ҷʮ㣬ȫһɣ֮ûɱǲ뱩¶ֶΣѩԸͳ꣬һɹҾͿѩ˺ƤѩһŮӵɣʲôˣ棬ǵ֮Уջʮˡʥ
㲻Ҳˣ򣬾ǵõ㴫˵и߼īУϵãڶ£֪㻹ʥģ
ʥ̫СһøʥʥΪɽһɣλ⣬ҲԼʥ
ǺãҪʥΪɽһ֮ʱǼʥʱ򣡡
˵ѵĵ飡
ǣ
Ҷȸ桢ɽȥһþ֣ܿӶû


586 ؼ
ôͣϢ
Ҷȶ֮С
Ҷȱȼվɽˮ䣬̬ݣ붴ȻռΪһ壬ƳҶȣ紦ӵʥɽһֶͬȴڵţҲųΪͽܶɼĽǷںϵǼҳΪʥɽĵӡ
˵꣬˷ӳ޳󷨣޵ⶴʵ£ҲȲϣҪǵ磬ƾ󷨣Ц죡
ҪҪͨǧٱѣҲҪɵ۾մɵɾͲƺƵɽ磬ƾ޴޷ֻеͼĴڣ
羰컣ﳨ飬û˿صԣҶԼΰĿ⣬ñ˸ңԶ
򣬱˵ֶľ޴ͼǶͷǧҪСͼңɽĴѩҲйϸҪСģѩҲһ
ƺҪ۹룬صʵҵĵĶǶģ츳δɣԷͻ޽֮أɽ磬ѵδеĴ棬ţõĽһɽҫĹâ칬ҲᱻͽԽѣ
ⷬҪǱǶɽѪȣ¾ֶۣҲ޷ѹơ
칬
ҶĿһݣΪ⣬ͬǳҿն칬ôɽΪһɽ統Լ̤ĺ԰ǲΪǿͽҲ칬ҵĳ֣·칬ȷģ
칬
ɽءõϹɽ۴СԳ칬ִߣʥɽֶ졢šɱЩҲ޷࿹⣬Թ˭ܶҡ칬λ
ͨһġҲ޷Ҷֱɱ칬̳Ҳ»Ұһɽزأ칬׷ɱǿҲ޷Կһްɡ
ɽ糬۰Ĵڣ
Ҷȣֻһɣ
ҪǼ㣬Ͼֶ̤죬Ī֮лҪʣҲͷĻعʥɽ֮ȴѵõľա
Ҷȿ¶⣺ʹɣʥɽֶ죬ͬΪɣʱ̼ģľɱһҪ룬ھ֣֮ǰʮ⣬Ҿͻ̤ɾʵκһ׶Խ֣һõصɽҲͷˣ
ͷǺãҾھ֮
֮ǰҪһӣ
ಡ
Ҷȸ˵꣬־һץ˸Ŀʥ⣬ݲӦҶȼһģҫӿС
ӣ
ɲǼ䣬͵һ𣬸ܵǿصӣԺͳħĽǷڣһĻԭǿصӣģӣѵ
Ϊ̤ĳ׶ΣΪѰһʺӡӣҶǷˡ
ӣɽ޴棬ûκˣǳҲ޷ɣֻߴڵ󣬻޽֮أЩż֮Уá
ôһӣɽ죬ϵǳۣζõһţһӵУ۾Ϳںȵȣô˵˵
֮˱飬֪ӵļֵ
ӡҼںϣȡѰһɾɽ糬ۣҲ
ʱ飬ƽ飬Ҷȵͷ͹Ϸˣһٷ뿪
Ҳ֪Σںδ
飬ȥмį鲻Խ뵽ն죬ħɽ磬εˣֻôˣ
ħҶһͬӷعɽ磬ҶȽɽңһ̤ɽ磬ħ޽֮رоߣҶʧȥ磬ʩչǿֶΣҵ׽̣ǱоߣŻȡսף
ڳħҶ˿Ҳģħ𲻵ɽۣعɽ磬ӣڣߣħĿ齫Ҷȴڤе֪Ŀ齫һ˿˿ϵ˵ħӵ
նͬҶȲòȥģն֮ǰȻҲɵۣȴǵͽɵۣɽڵĴˣò״ӵ֮ӳŵӣ겻ѡ
ֻҶն죬ͶԵ֮¸עҵٹż֪ϹսĴУս壬սһ壬ʵǳǿΪʵ̫ˣ⵽ɽżû䡣
ĵ䲻Զŵ򣬵ҲֶĴڣնҪص򣬳Ϊڴˣ϶ף
ҶȵģȻеģ
ǻ˵ħն춼ЦɽĴۣڵͼɽ磬ΣգҶȵӦõԼζԸѩͼң
Ҷһûе֮ʱҶȽռ䣬һȡǿȻҸطһٴ̤ɾΪˣ
ɣɽ粻壬ɵǳҲСɣһǧɣܱȵһɣ֮𣬵ҶûκΣգҲżͻɾ
Ҷ֮Уռ俪ʼʵ̫޼˻סԼײ̫߼Ҷȶ˵Ǻεȵȼ޼˻ɽ϶ûеڶס
ײͼ
ҶѡײУȻɣ̫޼˻ףǶΪõ־УҪû־ɣҲ޷߼
ʵֻͼײ
ײʮ˽׿ܣ󣬶ҶȻδӳֻӵͨɽѣҶҲӳɽ磬ӳһʩչʮ˽׿ܣʱͻᷢҶ
ҶȽգ챻׷ɱȡ򲻵ѣҶǲʮ˽׿ܼӳοϣоƷ칭ʮƷǧͼͳӣҶд߶ҲԶԿһͻɣͿնɱ
ҶԸʮƷԿǿУҲԸʩչ鷳ɽ֮ٿԿ϶һ㣬ֹҶȵõ
龻֡컯ȭڰ׾
ھռ̳֮ϣҶȿʼһһ̬ʱĴڣ

ž
ڣһռ䣬Ѱ̸߸գǰվɼ鷨ߣŭһĳռ飬ŵ鷨߻ս
һλ鷨սսʦ㣬ֻֻзּ´ģ
ȥɣ
ѰЩɣһ䣬ɼ鷨ߣƿؿռ䣬ȻմһӡߣӰֳѰΪŭҲΣȭߣҶȲɣǸ߼ӣҲȥɡؼɣ
Ѱ̣鷨Ҳмǧɣأǻһ´κ˶ΥҪôִУҪôִУΪʲô
һɭɭ˵ͶӰͲˣ
ʣǲܹʣΪĵطɷ֪ҲҪɽɫ£
Ѱߣ̾ʦôˣһŮӣԸʸȨӣίΪС檡ʦˣûдЩ˵ĴĴ
ϣҶܻΪġ
Ѱûа취Ϊ鷨ߣ滹и߼ɽ磬ȨصҲûа취
һֻܿҶԼ

ߣʦǷʲôƢҵȼǵȼѣԺҳΪ߼鷨ߡ
Ϊ߼鷨ߣͰ£ΪС檣һӣŮʲô
֮ͨУոմѰǱɼ鷨ߣһ·Уһ·ǱԻ
˺ܿҶȶҶӵеĶÿ鷨߶Ȩ
ҶȣһɣȻʵһ𣬵ôʷϣвţûһߵ󣡡
棬ҵȻڵ֮ϣȴҲܲʦ漶ӣһҶάֹϵҪˣҪΪˣҲ·
Ҷʦܣ鷨ʦ֣һּ㽻ӣ
鷨߽Ҷȶռ䣬Ҳûǰһ鷨ߣӶҲҪȴк


587 ֮ԭ
һҶ´Ǹ߼ɣֲŽţҪһġ
գҶȻδ֣鷨໥
Ͳ֪ˣɣϾҪ̤ɽ磬ҶȽɣ濹⣬ڵеӵ棬һƣϴǵʵҪҶȣ
һ鷨߻ص֪߼񣬾ǸҫȥǵִҲûܻǸ߼ѶȴﵽؼҶһɣȻؼ֮ԭܾйأ
ͣΪﵽףԽɽ磬һֱṳ̂ɽ磬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôˣԭ֪ģؼ񣬺ԣ˰֪ҪҶȣ
ֿˣ
鷨߰ڨЦһ²ؼ߸߹ֳΪ鷨ߵĵӣһӶ鷨ߣȥɽ磬Ҳ鷨ߣ͵鷨һ룬Թҷõκ⡣
Щ鷨ߣóȥӲִ촫̬ŸߣʱʱѲӣɷӹõǸңڡ
Ϊ鷨ߣ£ϲ֡
λʦ֣ԶҶչ˲ܣ£
ӶһƬ磬ŶĿҫͻأֳҶӰձȭ
λ鷨ͬȭҶʦܣּ̫
ǰҲִǵ񣬰ɷӦûмʮʱ䣬ΪͻȻҶɻʵ
һλųһ۵鷨ЦĿ˸󣺡ҲҪ֪ԭίҪȥһ鳤ϣϾÿǻ鳤ȥؼ񣡡
Ҷɻ󣬵ؼ֣ͷɱȸ߼ǧٱؼ񣿲Ūɣһɣ̤żʮ깦ôִؼֲǴɸ߽׵ӣ
ҶʦϴǵɵüΪ鳤ڸ߲㣬Ҫ⿴ʦ㣡
̷鷨߻һץľ˸һ⣬һּӡɭɭͷϢɾԺһ֣ŷּٿȻҶȣЦΪӣҶûзȨҪôִУҪô֪ҶʦǽܻǷ
´һͲ´񣬻´޷ɵҶһɣû뵽õ߲㿴أ±ǣ
ҶӶֱۣ̯ģһѰշּס৵Уʱ־б
ҵȾ󣬹ӭʦܿ飡
鷨Ҳٶԣתȥ
ؼ񣬴ɳ
ͷǿѹƷּƣ֮УҶѾܵѶԣ⿪ӡʹݶؼҲչ¶ɳԺ
֮ԭ⽵ٵʯʯγһƬʧ֮أһֿƸ߼Ĳϣɳ
һҶǶ֮ԭƿأԭȥ֮ԭѰĴɳ
ɳҶȻҲӹżɳ⣬һЩ߼ƲȱٵĲϣɽ춼Ǳߣ߽ѰıֶЩҲһֱռɳ
ֶڲҲĴڣһЩӣһҳԽ˵⣬ֶ죬ʵǿ츳Ҳˣǣȴ֣Ϊֶ޴Ƹλ
ɳȡ֮ԭ
Ҷ֣һżģৼ£ɨżʮżʧҶüͷһ᣺ؼ񣬺ø֮ԭ
֪һҶľ
֮ԭɽϺ֮ϣһʧ磬ںܶԪ֮ǰһ˶ڱ罵ٴ䣬ʯѱڻʯΪֲ塣
ҪһСݴ֮ԭʯͻС֮ϣհС⣬СʯΪʯһ֣֮ԭûκΪﶼ޷棬
֮ԭȴߣ
ĵطȻߣߣ϶ͨߣܶԿʯԹٵˣ̤֮ԭѰҴɳһȥ޻أȻû֪ԭ򣬵ǿ뵽ǽ֮ԭˣǱʯǱնɱ
֮ԭɽ磬һأɽ硢ɽ޷̤֮ԭĽжôǿһ룬ֻ·һ
ɶû뵽ɸ޷ɵ񡭡
ҶȺݺؼѶȣѳ֮⣬֮ԭ޷̤ĵط
棡
ҶͻȻգһֻ߲ʺ

߲ʺһٷҶͷ£ٷͷţγһͨᴩ󷨡죬ͶӰȻٷֳ֮ںɫգ
۾Ҷȣôˣ
Ҷȿʵ棬ո´֮ԭѰҴɳؼҵģҾ֪ڣǰûеȥִͬûɣ
֮ԭȻ´޷ɵ񣿡
ҲһҲ𾪣ʵڹ֣϶ͼҵĹӣҪԸ㣬㲻ҪģǰҲвٵȥִ񣬼˶ûлŻߣ֮٣Щĵӣʵûȥ֮ԭʯ̷ﹺɳ
Ȼ񣡡Ҷʮ־㵣û뵽񶼿ǮȥɣߣжԲߡ
浹ûȥעҶȣǳĬһɳɽʮϡ٣ҿ㲻ȥлȥЩɳɣ
棬ҿûô򵥣ǼȻ´񣬾ͻ뵽һùɳְ취ȥӦǣߣôİ
˵Ҳ󱳺뵽Ϊ㣬ȻҲ׼˵͵㹺ɳȻ׼õķӣȥԸ㣡
һҪȥ֮ԭһˣҪ֮ԭõɳȻãҪǲܶȡҲԴɳ˽⣬ʱȥŪЩɳʣҲȥĵ
Ȼô룬ȥһˣҪ޷Ūɳϵңһȥһͬɳ
ͶӰգ쳣ģü䵣һֱδɢ
ãˣ
߶ٷͻΪһŹҫģͶӰȻʧˣҶ֮ԭҲûκġ
֮ԭҲݺᣬҶȲɣҶ˵ɣҶ֮Ҫȥһԣ̫һ̫޼˻ԼʮٵȵȾ
ҪҶǸһˣȥ֮ԭֻ·һ
֮ԭӦӵκĿֲҵ̫һҲκҵҪԣ˭
Ҷ̽붴׼Ȼŷɳ棬ͨһͨ뿪
Ҷȥһ̣ս֮УӰһһһİ͹һϢŮӣŮһۣ޷ѹס
ʦ㣬Ҷȣ
ûж죬һżΪӡ޷
Ůӣ˫ͫͷޱջ󣬲һ˿˿⣺ѽӾҪԸôɵӣ޲ߣ
ʦģ֮ԭȻɣҲа취ԸһعţһɷڴȥһΪǸˣҲ޷
Ůһ˵кܲܣ챬ŭ𣬵ŮŮǰ԰һأǺܿά
Ůҡҡͷ㻹ΪС檣룬Һʦã͵͵ð㣬ȻҪΪСӣڹʦǰúóͷ֪ҲùɱСӣҾʹɽ磬ʹ˼һͬ⣬ܳΪӵС檣
ʦһ鷨ߣһȻϧŮӹ¡
ҶͬţҪͬһˣ̫ˣ
ŮӼæͷȴһ˿Թޣʦ㣬ΪǰٸʼˣĶ֣βɱ
ǼˣߣһףԵùһֱҪǹӣɱҪκβףҶֻ·һȰ㣬ʱҪԸ棬ȹãԸСһ
ŮЦ
ļˡ
ĿŭԹ˫ͫȼţʦ㣬ȻȥСӶ޷񣡡
ϵֶӵߵλĵʧǿ֮С


588 ɳ
ؼ񡭡϶ڱ󵷹ͼҹȻȨͨ죬߲ܰʹ
򸽽Ҷȸո뿪磬ɽϷأٶǡôջֶܼӣڳ
ҶɣؼѣȻͷϣһɣһ߼ӣϸһ룬֪˸ˣȻͼǣ
˭Ƕ
ҶĿǰ޷ҶΪɾŽףնɱɾնɱ練ƣԣûн֮ʣҶȻʽΪС
âϲߣ
ৡ
һ裬ͻȻɳٶ֮죬ð˷ֶӣΨֲ׷׶ܡ
ף
ҶҲĿ⣬ʵ̫ԵԽӡѰһףױһٱһ׸֣նɱʮһ׾ͷ
Ҷȣ
ʧһ£ȴǶѩë꣬Ŷʮ꣬뿪ֱԾɲǳҶǰ¶ʵ
Ҷһ˺޼䣬ӶԷţǿԿҶȱȭѩʦ֣
¶Ŀ⣺۹⣬ֲýӶ࿴ѩҪ˲ţѩԱҲһʦ棬Ϊɻһʦ֣
ԭʦֶ֣죬׺ٺ٣żʮѣӦ̤ɽ磬ȴΪԭɽ磬ߵʦ𣬵λ治¡
ףλͬʵȴ̫࣬ҲΡ
һӣһѿռ֣һƣڰƬռӡ޷ŷڱչأ˵ҪԸ㣬ؼΪ㣬ϽţɽһĽ׸Ը㣬ϧ̫٣ѽּ
ֶ죬ɷɷأκεһ·ּͲٷᱻţǹرꡣ
ɴ˵У֮ԭŶٵǰȥȥ޻أȥҲ·һθ㣬ǰ㹺ɳӦ󣡡
лʦֺ⣬ν޹»»ѩһԱ֮ǰ˵ãֻҪҶԸΪΧһΪѩЧʦһ⣬ˣ
ҶȲ˵
˻˵üǣȻ㲻ϣѩһ֮Ҳǿ㣬ֻҪı˼ѩǣתȥͷǿգ۾ͲӰ
øѩɽ磬һ׶ǾͷȻףѩԱʲҲȻԸΪѩЧƵλȽӻ硭
ҶȲܵҡҡͷӣȻԸΪʹ꣬һ룬ֶ챾ɽްԴڣһŮӵңеӣٹھ£ҲŮ֮ϡ
һŵ
ֶһŮӣȻŮΪģеӣ׿ԽҲܵõֶصǻŮӣλ
ͼһҪԸңѩһҪңȻֶ׽
ĬһҶȾͼ
ɽǬ̺λ棬һ޴档
֮ԭɽϷһƬ޴֮УƬΪ֮󡱣˵һһɡ
֮ޱߣȣһҲû֮޴󣬶ҺʮգŶ֣֮ʵݺ֮أ֮ԭ֮ƫϺ֮С
֮ԭϷɽϷͷϷɡ۹
ԼҹУҶƫԶ֮
ʱҶվգǰɽ֮֮һΪ֮ԭĴڣһ棬֮ɽѵõһ磬ˣ֮ɱȡϵı
ɽ粻ٳҩһЩƲϾвԺһЩ˾ɱΪˣ֮Ҳߣң֮뻹һ죬滹һɳأΪɳء
ɳɽɶм¼ݴ˵һΪĺʥɣʥ˵ͳΪ󣬷磬ɳؾǺʥƿء
ããɽ磬ɳռʱ˺ͽɽкܶ࣬ɳڣ֮
֮󣬺ɳ֮ԭȴ磬һ磬һȴʧء
̤֮ҶֻҪСģ־Ϊãã̾Щޡ޶ûж࣬ںԺΪͣɽС
ײУޡҪΪϵúԿˣȻԿģȻˣЩ޴һ൱նɱһ
֮Уֲͬ½֮ϵס硢ĩ籩ȵȣһ֣ѡ
ããȷʵ½֮ȫͬĺϢصüΪһ˸ԸӦҪǻҪǱں£һ˷ɹ͵Ϯɹ
Сں֮շУҶͷǿԪ񣬸ӦԲǧϢһֺҶȶѡ˱֣Ͼں̣ǿѹͷߡ
ٿ
ڴʱҶͻȻӦǰһӡϢ˹գҶȻδǷӡͲ׽ҶȵϢһ⣬ɲǹ⻪
·ӡ壬ǿС
ӡϢɢҶȲûѡ뿪ȻûΣգͿʲôں֮·ӡ
ಡ
򣬾ںǺ֮ϣƺ֮ڣʮˣȫǴĽ׵ɰ˽ףŽסʮ׶ûһ˵һ
ҶȼȺˣΪߣҪ֣ҶʵͿڼʮУնɱЩɣ˼ֶȻǳɣɸ߽洦ǣҲǱȱȽǣãã֮ɸ߽׶٣٣
һ˶ѣ
ʮˣʩչԦնҶȰ⣬׷ͣҶȶЩʧ
УһΪߣﵽɰ˽ףһ绢ı뺷Ĵɻһ֣ɱ㰲֮УλߵһˣҶȣȻüͷһ壬ԥ֣㱧ȭֵܣˮģ½ģ
Է˿ҶȻҲʩ´½϶ȥɳأ
ԭֵ֮ɱȡֵܾһڴ·ӡۼΪǰֺͨɳصĴƬƵȥɳأҪʮʱ䣬ЩƫƧΣգ
˿żɽӵһгǸȴթ̶֮УʱֵΪߣֶΣһ˸ҵһͬ·
һ߽վ˶Ƕķģ㼯һΪľǶԸɱһѪ·뺣ɳؾͰȫˣ
Ҷȿһˣ֮УԿԺĿ־壬ӦãҶȣλѣ
̫ˣλҽܣҪ⣬ȻһжԵ֣
ɰ˽ǿ߻ӻ֣Ҷȣʼҽܡ
һܣ죬ҶȲסÿˣ֪һЩ˴ŵϸЩ˶Ǿ֮ɱȥɳؽ
Ҷȶɰ˽ǿ߼£֮󾭳ߵǿߣںɳҲн˲ΪĹǣףǺɳһˣߣû뵽һۼˣҪһӲ󳱡
ҶҲ˽⡣
½֮ϣʱҲ޳ÿһ޳޴ѣɽżϼ¼޳ѣܾǰһԶɽԱߵ򣬾Ϊ޳Żġ
޳ϰ٣ʮƻȻõ
ˣ˾ͻѡʱܣֻһιģСĺֻٺΪǺܺˡ
Ҷֵܣ⺣ɳҪǽңм۸񹫵Ӳѹȿͻ
˻㼯һ𣬿ʼȥ
Ʋ֮ϣͷ׿ʼҶ̸
Ҷ֪Ǹˣߵտڿڶ⣬ξۼôӲҲһ⡣
ˣᣬˣо˱֮ˡ


589 
Х
ױԭǱ治ûˮУƺʲôѣúǷŭĴӴһʱ󺣾İŭ𣬺лһЩС˲ͱ뺣֮С
ƺ˲һצǶЩ˺һɹɺɱʮ˿޵ɥǼɰ˽ҲС
ͬһ㣬ΪжҲȥҶȡ׵ˣ͵Χżʮ˻ҹ
࣬ǿĺǰ磬оʯɽĲࡣ
һʯӣôһɽᲢۣ
ʮˣںУ纣ǰһʢ磬ꡢһ˾Ϊвͣ
ָ֮䣬һоɢ

˿֮⣬ʮͷںϿգ˴׷ɱɰ˽סŽˡ
ͨУȥ϶ຣΪΧɱĿꡭ
󼸵Ӱ֮УҶȺȻС
Ͽ׷ɱĺ͸ˣû뵽֮зѲ֮Уռʱ˺ͣɾٶȸǶ֣ܳԽ
Ǻ˼Ƭ̣ҶȾ;һ˶ߣȻ֮ͣУʵȴǿģ뱬ʵ
¡
ǰڼɰ˽סŽǿߣȥĺ֮УͻȻһͻأըһױը˽סŽ״ɣɲǼͻը֮С
ˡ
˫üһᣬȻӿ죬ȻѣһըգۼѴɸ߽׺жôֲ
Ҷֺ֪֣Ȼͷӣ
Ǹո뿪һһ쬵Ϣʹ֮дݶúͻȻӶҶʱ߶һֹӰӰ˲ס
䣡
ȻҶԤȷġ
޾֮£⧲Ȼ͵һȻһɱըƵرը֮Ѹײڶ֮ϴ޷ƥеĺˡ

ըʵ̫ǿ֮ǰ˽סŽ״ɶУοЩ߽ס˽״ɣɲǼ䣬ҽм£ըĺɣһ޴ĢγɺˣλٿȻ
ɲǿ羢˷ڣƱգȺѪ׺ˮ֮УĿġ
ৡৣ
߰˶޷⣬ը֮УǣӰһڽɫӰһӰĢƺ֮Ǳɳ

ӰǧƷں֮ϣһСģͻᱻˮɣӰӰͬʱֳҶλصͫŮ
ҶϢޣȻһӰʧǴ߶ͳֵ̬ǻδʧıըˣҶüͷȻըȻһ
ܲˣ֣ܽɣ֮󵽴Ƕ׷ɱȥ
һҶɫһը·һ˸Ӱ
ǶһλͫŮӦһ
ţ
ҶһͫŮһĽСƤף˸Ө⣬ʮŮҶȰԭκǺҪǾۼҪץסͫŮӣ
룬ǵĺͷųϷϢһ뺣ԿˣĪǾǰͫŮӣ
жʱһƬȻѺǰϵҶȿԶ϶ǰͫŮӣһҪǿľܱΧɱȴӳǾǿߡ
û뵽֮ҶȾ֣
࡭
ͻȻͫŮ˵ˣһ㣬նԪޱߣͫŮҶȣޱ飺ңҪȥ䣬Ҳɱˣ
˵꣬ͫŮҪҶȳ֣

ըͻȻЦһͻΪһīɫӰشͫŮ
ûᣡ
ҶȿɲͫŮУȻͫŮҪȥ䣬ҲܣҶʩչͨʵȻԽüһī̽µɱҶ̴߶ǧͼʧͫŮǰ
ͫŮһ㶣ƺû뵽ǰһˣֶΣ޷ȥԸҶȣΪīͬɱ
ͫŮţīˣ˪ĵһǶ۾йϵˣ
ߣǺǺһ壬͵
ī˻ٶȣƺлҪ˵ͫŮ纺ȻǱ캣Ǻͬ壬ֻҪرǺͲԸ㣬㵱ԼˣԸǶ۾
رںϣǷҪᣬҪɱңʲôͬ壬ҲǺ壬ҲҵˣЩǿߣȻǶ۾ѵ㲻֪Ƕ۾ƿص֮ԭɱ˶Ǻ壡
ûԶĵˣҲûоԵѣ֮ԭӵдɳδǺṩٲƸһŮӣ뵽Ƕ۾ڣɳؾͻܵǶ۾ѹƣ֮ջǺģ
֣ԣ˭ûж֣ƺˣһںܵĹϵ
֮ԭɳ
˿ںڴǧͼ£ҶûܷĴڣǸ߽
ԭҶǴ뿪֪ͫŮ纺뺣ī˶ԻͲ뿪ޱ𺳵û뵽֮ԭϵɳõ֮ԭĴɳǶ۾ʲôˣĪ֮ԭ˵صߣ
Ҷ񣬾Ǳ֮ԭȡɳ˿֮ԭйϵܣȻ뿪
ͫŮ纺Ȼûжٶ飬ƺīˣ˿˿߿ɵ뺣Ѿûκιϸ׷ɱҶֲ꣬Ƕ۾Ƕ۾ʲôˣǶ۾ĵӣࡢΪаޱȣҪͬŮӣҲӦ
˵ֻҪ棬ԺʲôǶ۾ô޷뿪֮ԭ纺ȻرҾͶˣīɲǼͷīϢϱúֿʼӿ
ȻǵߣҲ޻˵
纺ȴûбϢݣŷ֮ںһ

īһ̣̰Ѻ濪ʼ֣û纺ͰΧ̴纺ϴžը
ŷ
纺ҵ츳ͨκֻҪմϣͻԣԪҲɱ㣡
ī˰⣬纺ǰûеֿ֮ī˻ӶֱۣȻұһ룬ʮ鲻ӳ纺ץȥ
ġ
纺īʩչ룬ɫӱ䣬¶һ˿ɵȻһ⣬ɲǼ䣬֮ۼΧ̣һ룬ִӡ
ৡ
ֻһɺƺǹ⻪ΪϺˣһ´ī·ī˸ûз֮飬֮У˾ͱ˰屬֨֨
ǿֶΣ纺ղʩչķӡ֮ںϣѵõ֮ʲôԴǷʹ֮ıԴ
Ҷȿݶв꣬û뵽纺Ȼӵ˿ֶΣ


590 ԿǶ۾ͶӰ
ɽ磬Ǵɵ磬޵оͷ
һףѾ޵дڣס׸޵Уӹɵģףɽݺ޵У󣬾Ͳ˼ɵ棬Ƕк̨Ҳ档
纺ֻһʵʩչ֮Դ֮󣬾޵еĴڣ棬֮Ҳһ֣纺֮ռơ
纺Ͽ϶ܣ
ҶȰһݡ
ձǺ壬ˣҲˣȡ
纺չģһžӨˮڷŷһغ磬˸
ߣһݵò񣡡
ī֮Уϱ֨֨纺ˮɫ䣬ʱһƣͷŨɱɱң
Ƕ׷ɱ
ƣ纺üͷһ壬ŷʮּɵƣ˫ͫҲ˿˿Ϣ
ԭǺеǶ׷ɱϢùŹ֣̺Ũɱ־־֮зŷ̺һɿµ
ǧͼҶȣȫע춼׷ɱУƾһƬңһɲɽϢɱǿʢͷųȥնɱɰ˽ǿߡ
纺ֱһˮ򻺻תĿǶ׷ɱ֮ϣ֮ԭǶ۾ȻϢǶ׷ɱݺ֮Ƕ۾Ϊ˶Ϊ۾ʵһ֮ԭ߲Ŀѣ
Ƕ׷ɱǶ۾Ԫ־ƶɣ̺ҿкͨߣƣ
ī˺ݺץס춼׷ɱһɺݾ˦춼׷ɱ֮ϣݵһɹɿ¹

ֻסī˵ĺˣд߶춼׷ɱͷŵĿ˲顢߽⣬纺صıԴ̼֮䵴Ȼ޴棬ʧӰ٣ȫǶ׷ɱѹ
ɽѵõĸ֣ӵǶ۾һ˿Ԫƣ⣬һ޼
纺һطӡī˴߶Ƕ׷ɱ˲䣬һˮ򻩵һͬһףīȥ
ˮ֮ԪԪ뺣ϢиϢͳͳؾ£ˮȻԽԽ󣬲ϵسī˷ȥ
ɶ񡭡ӵд˵رҾȻֲ֣ŴӹڸΧ׷½أ
īƬ̲Ҵ⣬ֽץסǶ׷ɱһɹעУĬĬŷ
Ƕ׷ɱԭ֮ԭǸʲôǶ۾Ԫ־ƶɵһƣ
֮ԭǶ۾Ƕ۾϶һ־ҪǱ֮ԭҪܵõǶ׷ɱӡǶ۾һܴҳ֮ԭǹԭ򣡡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȣߣõǶ׷ɱ
ؼؼҲǴʮеԲ֣ȥִУһɾŽ˵ɣ޷֮ԭõɳҶҪҲʮѡ
ǰȴһϣǶ۾Ƶһƣ϶ӵ֮ԭϢгΪ
ֻҪҶȵõǶ׷ɱӡǶ۾֮ԭ̫һ֮ԭһ֪࣬ҶȾҵ취Ӧԣ˵֮ԭǵõɳҲ⡣
һˣ֮ԭȫܣͻᴫ֮ԭ֮֮ܽԭΪ֮ԭǿκ˵࣬һСݣҲᱻʯ
ֻҪõǰǶ׷ɱҵ֮ԭ࡭
ʱ˿̣Ҷȿʼ߶ʱ׼֣ӡȡīеǶ׷ɱīһʵǿҪȡԼܣֻпֶȡ
ҫ˷
īطӡǶ׷ɱ֮У纺ͷŵˮѾΪɾ޴󣬾ҪīУΪˮ԰ˮУ硣
ٿ
Ƕ׷ɱڴ߶ˣֻһҫ۵ǹ⣬ͷųɱɹ߶īǶ׷ɱˮһӣǹֱӾˮȥ
䣡
ǹ纣ˣصײˮ֮ϣˮ򾹱ײ÷ˣˮͫŮ纺ҲòϺˡ
⡭
һĻ鰵еҶȣͷð亹𾪲ѣû뵽纺ǿʵ濹Ƕ׷ɱȻǶ׷ɱ֡
Ҫ֪纺һ׸֣߶ԶԿףǶ׷ɱȻҲӵ
ҶסˣԸӣɽ磬һѾǾͷֶ죬ﵽһ׵ĵӣɷҪɽ磬ڣ׵֮٣УǶɽŵ޵и֡
ִﵽ׻ɽľͷûУɽ磬ɣҲҳͬΪĸ֡
֮һɽƫԶĽڣȻҲڿ׵ǿߣңּĸ֡
Ҷ𺳵Ƕ۾
ȻҶȲ֪Ƕ۾֮ԭʲôڣһԪ׷ɱӵס׵ʵǶ۾ǺεȵΪ
ҶȲ룬ɲǼ䣬Ϊ֮ԭĽӵǶ۾ǿߣȻһأɽǿ½磬֮Ƕ۾Ҳֻˡ
ˮ֮򣡡
Ƕ׷ɱ˺׵纺ͻȻסΣһָһɫâָ⣬һ̣ﶼʧȥʣɲǹ⻪۶纺΢΢һ㣬ȻγһɫĻī˾춼Ƿơ
ҿ㻹ʲôͨһʵܱܶԿǶ۾𣿡
ī֮ԱǣмЦͷ߶춼׷ɱǶ۾־ɣ

һϵŷ춼׷ɱ֮ѣīƺղסǶ׷ɱһΰӰǶ׷ɱ֮һǳ۵ˣûòͻأֳ
纺˫üһɫɵǶ۾־ͶӰ
صǶ۾ɭɭĵȻǱۣС㻹ǹԹ԰ѶۺεȴڣҪٷۿɲŹ㣡
ҪҵĶȻ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôֶúİţҲǺ壬ףûã޷뿪֮ԭ㣬ΪΣ
Ƕ۾ʣ纺ݲȣСȻͷž˰ī˻Ҫ졣
ǾͱҲʵɣ
Ƕ۾֮ԭǿߣϢͶ纺֣־ͶӰΪһδԿҶƣͶӰ֮УͬС纺
ͳӣ
һ̣ȻǶ۾Ҫٷְѹ纺֮ʣһϵĴӣ֮Ͻ٣Ǳ˲䳯Ƕ۾ѹ
ʲôϢ
Ƕ۾ȻֹͻȻٵͳӣŵöһ£ͳӣɫˡ
ಣ
ͳͻȻһص״ƵһסǶ۾īǶ׷ɱ
ƣ
ͳʵͻȻǶ۾Ӧʱ֮УſʼҪƽ״


591 ֮ԭ
۾취
ͳѹ֮£״֮УīԾ亹ֱðһ״ð̣һʹ޷״īֻҪƽǶ۾־ͶӰ
СӣʲôۺεȴڣСС׷סң
Ƕ۾ƺ˿״ᷨӡīеǶ׷ɱԽĲŷһɿҪը
Ƕ۾Ϊ߶Ʒӡ
Ȼһͳ
㵽ʲôˣ뱾۶֣
Ƕ۾ɫһۣͻͻ⣬ɨķҿ֪֮Ƕ۾֮ԭԭΰͳ죬ߵɵ۸֣
ɵ۸֣Ūңɵ۸֣޷뿪֮ԭѵһ㲻ɣ
ڰ׾ҰǶ׷ɱ
˵֮䣬һˣֻ״ʼûһֻ׹ִӴ֮ץīŵû궼ɢˣ޷Ӧ׹֣УǶ׷ɱ
Ƕ۾־Ȼһ׹Գ䲻ץסǶ׷ɱˣæһۺɱ׹֣ݺ˵Сӣ㾹Ȼܿķӡ£
ҶЦǶ۾ѰɣΪܿóô֪ҵѹ£޴ӣ
Բѣ
Ƕ۾ɲȻҪ׹֣·Ƕ׷ɱһԴɱۣƶȻ䣬ϯ׹ͳӡ
ͣ
׹һԣǶ۾ֲ£Ҷͳ𶯶ֳǱһһɽѪ
Ƕ۾˼鿴ųֵҶȣҶ޷Ƶ֮УʲôƵģ̾ţȻǸɾСӣ
һ֮
ۿҶˣǶ۾Ҫ׹֮ʣ纺Ϊ⣬Ҷߣﶯ䣬һ˲׹
Ҷ̴߶Ԫ񣬿ƺڰ׾纺ڰ׾ѹ£Ƕ۾֮ǰǶ׷ɱݺݵض˹ҶȽץС
ʱ׻סǶ׷ɱǶ۾˲ա
ˡ
ͳѹǶ۾־ͶӰȻһ룬ģȻһ޷ӡֻ徹ȻͷŵԣҶеǶ׷ɱҲصԡ
Ҷȼ״ѣ
Ƕ۾סƣ㵴Ҷȣû뵽һɣȻʶϳϿϱƣԿΪͽ
ǧɾ裬Ƕ۾Ϊ֮ԭ޵еĴڣݺ֮ûƵ㣬һ֮նɱǶ۾־
纺Ҷ𺳱飬ΪҶ޷ѹԣȻ˫֣һ·Ҷֱϣ˽סǶ׷ɱҶȷӦͼһɹ΢ԣ纺ͷųȻʼѹǶ׷ɱеԡ
ˣͷԶԿǶ۾Ȼŭͬŭʨӣ޲ð纺Ե
ԭҲߣ
Ҷû뵽֮һ¼ӵԵӵԣʹǴ˵صߡ
ɽ죬߲ɽΪǿĴڣɽ糬ۣߣԭָֻܳ߼ɽߣȴɽ磬Ҷβ𾪡
纺ҶȣȻûб飬֮ͫڣȴͷŵԹ󣬺صĳϣҵȷߣǶ۾Ҳǣ֣ѹǶ۾־ɽۣ־ͶӰҲӵʵ
Ϊѹ纺ֻϧ㱾ڣҪǱڣ޷Ը㣡
Ƕ۾Ц
ʲôһ
Ҷȸ𾪣纺￴ʵȻ޷纺һ˼⡣
һӵʵô϶Ҳ¡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȶ纺޺棬ҲǶ۾棬ãã֮δ֮ԭҶȶʮֺ档
һ֮󣬾Ȼߣʵɽ磡
Ƕ۾ţѵΪңҾ޷ѹ㣿
ҶغݺЦ˿Ƕ۾纺ҿĲ٣ͿѹǶ۾־
龻֣
ʱ˿̣Ҷʩչ޴еǿֶΣ龻֡
ǡԣŻ龻ʩչ纺һֱϣ¶һ˿𾪡
Ƕ۾¾ͱɫҲǲһܣ㾹ȻҲߣңССɣȻʩչ񼶷ɽ۶ʩչСӣ㵽ʲôˣ
Ƕ۾Ȼˣϧչֳҵܣ־͵ɣ
ৡ
龻ֶʱתǶ۾һţǶ۾ܷڻ龻£ʹľǸīˣͱһںǶ۾֮С
ֹ˼ӵɽʵ־ȻΪһ֮С
ಣ
ͳ龻ɲǼʧҶȻһץľͳǶ۾֮У̰Ц׵
£һǿž޴ںϣҶȾӵгԽһףﵽ֮һҶһ߶ԶԸնɱκ֡
һĻĻַ纺𺳲ѣĿתӴС̾㡢Ǻε
żȻһżõһһӣڻԺұɾ񼶷
纺ʣҶȲʵشܣ纺֪ѾҶȲ̵£߶Է̫࣬鷳
νƤѻǣ֪֪治֪ġ
ӵһ˷ͬСɵ񼶷㲻һ࣡纺ָĮ
Ҷϴ˿ǹž޲ЦЦ纺Ҳһĺҿ֮Уûһ˿ϢѣһǺ
СӣĲ㣬͵ű׷ɱɣ֮󣬾֮أ
ͻȻ䣬֮գǶ۾аԹ޵ͬȣշ
֮ԭ
Ҷת޾ĺͷ֮ԭеԭǶ۾Ĵڣ

ͻȻ纺ǰչģǶ׷ɱֳͷ΢Ҷ֮һ֮УȻһ˿˿ɳڡ
ԭ֮ԭ֮У̺ǳʯɳһգܶʯճΪ֮ԭһɳҶɫһݣڴǶ׷ɱ֮ԭܡ
˵һ룡
纺ͻȻڣ֮ԭԭֻһ½ںܾǰͻȻһȺʯһǶ۾Уʯѹ˶ˣǶ۾Ȼʯ֮зһӶ޵һɽ۰Ϊ˵ɽ磬ǰءɽ޵еĴڣ
ʯ֮гֵ
Ҷ;ò˼ˣַʽ֣Ƿ˼ʯһ䣬֮ԭͲɽ硣
ƺŪǶ۾֮ԭÿһǶ۾޷֮߳ԭΪ֮ԭΪһ壬ΪǶ۾ԴˣǶ۾һֱ֮ԭ
纺˵ҲţǶ׷ɱַ޷٣ҲɽķɼκıṩУ


592 ·׷ɱ
У
ҶȰ纺֪֮ԭ֮ʣͻȻһϸ΢ĹŸոջָƽĺ棬ֲ
ãǶ۾֮ԭ߶Ƕ׷ɱʼΧǿ׷ɱң纺ɫ䡣
ȥɳأⳡΣ˵
ҶȿɲԺֶΣҲԶԿĺһЩУŴǶ۾Ƕ׷ɱһҶȿ϶Ƕ֡
Ƕ۾Ѿֶ֪Σ϶а취Ը
Ҷ߶û纺ͬʹɳطȥ
Ǵ֮ԭȡɳҶȶ֮ԭ˽һݣͶһְգ֪֮֮ԭˣĪ纺Ҷȱ纺һȥɳأҪ֪֮ԭܡ
Ȼ纺Ҳûзԣ
ˣ
䡭
֮뺣ɳ֮һ޴󺣵һɳǴС
Ǻɫģ
Ȼȥնźǹ⣬ƺֹͣûκضһǺɫɳЩɳԪһ㣬֮ûκȴʯ֡ԭԼһʯˡ
ǱΪģ֮ԭ
ϸЩʯˣ죬еĻŴɵĵӣо޴ĺǻߣ룬ڼУ˯һ㣬ΣҲǻˣһܡ
õı֮ԭʯΪʯͷ
ʯͷͨʯͷͷŲɽϢƯɳϢͬʯǸ
˿֮ԭȴһʯľ޴󶴸ռǧĶϷĸɫϵĴ֣Ƕ
ڣʮڵϣǰ֮ϣһλʮĺˣǶ۾ı
Ƕ۾ʱôӵۣԱһʯˣ˲ƣŵǶʮˣǶ۾ɭɭȵò׷ٵ纺Ϣ·ȴɱСӣҲߡ
һ۵𾴵ʦǬ޵У⣬ССʲôѰʦ´ʮ·׷ɱڲǺ壬ǺҲ׷ɱˣξǺɳأҲ޷ˣ
òײʮ·׷ɱ̺ʮ֮һ߽ףЩҾͲţˣ
ɳʲôǺ𲻹Ϊ뱾ԿҪβʶ࣬˺ɳأԴԴϵĴɳΪΪʳ֪жõеĴɳ˺ɳأΣҪ֮Ѫ֮󣡡
Ƕ۾һɱ¾۾´ʮ·׷ɱ̼䣬ʮˣȫ뿪Ƕ۾¶ߺĿ⣺纺㾹Ȼں֮Ǽϧ޷ӹ׷ɱı𣬻Ǽѹģڣ޷뿪֮󣬶һõ񹦣뿪֮ԭʱɽ춼Ǳģ
ΪǶ۾Ҫϧóɳú׷ɱ纺ԭΪܡ
ǸСӣ޵Բͨǿ൱׵һССɣ񹦷ʵڷ˼ѵСҲӵгԽ֮ǼĴڣ
Ƕ۾Ȼ¶Цݣɽɵ۶޷ǴﵽΪһɡ
ɳأλ֮󱱷֮У󷨻ƣһһ̡
찡ΪʲôȻɳأ
ɫɳؽڣͻȻɣǴ߽׵ʮ׵ǿߡ
һɫֵؿǰΪǺڵңԶ棬ȻһҺ
Ǵ֮ϣ׼ɱͬħڵһײгԣ֪ɱ˶̶ӡˣں֮УǱȺҪ¡
ں֮ϣȻϰҺÿһҺϣվ§Ůĺ˶Ǵɸ߼ÿһҺϣϢ֡
ں֮ʣں뺣ɳ֮գӰ
Щǲ򵥣ΪɱݺᣬЩɥĲĶˣһӵ˵
ҿ֮֮أ˶ˣֻ֮Ƕ۾ʵŶˣΪľ׷ɱң
ɫӰ纺ԱҶȣ纺֮ͫУ鶼ɫ
ȷ޷Կģôɸ߽ף϶ĺǿߣװ뺣ɳأ˵
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͱһײˣ¶˪Ĳɣ纺һλȹŮƤͬˣֻͫȻûиı䣬˲䳯ɳطȥ
վס
˸յɳؽ磬ͻȻɱʮǿߣһֳҶ纺סҵǿУɭɭء
Ҷóʯ˵λСܱ׷ɱ޴ӣɳرѣ
Һɳ֮ɵػߣȱżǼһ˵
һɾŽ׸֣һץһطֳоȻ˸ɱֲͬϢŷҶ纺һ
޷Ӧ
ûɱ¾֮ϢǺ뺣ļϸɣֻɳھ¥ߣǵϸѺ
һδֶߣȺ־˵һϴ򿪽磬Ҷ纺뺣ɳء
ɳصǱж죬ͺ½ûжٲͬ
뺣ɳɲǼ䣬ҶȾͼⰻȻĴأΪΰɳأɳɽҲи߷壬зޣӪ캣ɳصǸܵ˺硣
Ҷ̧ͷɳأֻĴɡɳ⼯ϣ˷ڻع飬ɳؽ֮ϣʮλڴ߶ɳؽ硣
ৡ
˲һɨ˾ͻΪ裬ɳڲ
˶ˣˣҪɳأҪ군ˣ
ղ˵ҪҲ㳲ʮͷ죬ѾѺɳغ󷽶ס
һʮ·ɺɵѺɳذ˽ӣǾڣοɲˣ
Ҷ纺Žֵ֣ˣ֮£ޱܻ䣬ŷ˽֪
ӦǶ۾Ƶʮ·׷ɱôɳΪնָʹ뺣ºɳҲҪʮ˿Ƕ׷ɱһɣ͵Ƕ۾ʮ֮һһ˽ǿ
纺ʱ쳣࿴Ҷȡ
˽ס
Ҷһˣ˽ףʲôףɽ硢ɽǿߣ׿ݺɽ磬ɽ磬˽ףأɽϴڡ
ͿɽκҪԺɳس֣У԰Ѻɳػ׵
ֻҪУôӵǶ۾ʮ֮һ˽Ƕ׷ɱһ߷һоͿ˺ɳأ


593 纺ľ
˽ףҶֻҪһ룬оͺ޶Կ֮߶ǿſȻ߶ͳӡǧͼ칭컯ȭҲܿ˽ס
϶ѣҶȸûо԰գ
˽ףҶȥģ
꺣ɳأڣ亦º뺣
һʱ䣬ֵˣΡ̾ϢЩæµˣиûס
Щˣʵ֪Ƕ۾ĴڣҪ֪ŵû˻ǣǺɳصľߣŻףǶ۾йأ֮ߣǺҲǺǺɳأ֮ԭǶ۾
ʱҶ纺ѽһҾ¥ķ˲ۣɫ䣬纺Ҷ˽´
һֱи⡭
ҶޣȻֹ纺ӣǶ۾ҪɳأΪңΪ㣬Ͽ϶ʲôܣõģЩҵܣ֮󣬾֮ԭȡɳʵֶĵӣ
ֶۣ
֪纺ѿڶֶǿĴڣֶжţֶۣɽĳۣһŮӣ
Ҷҡҡͷһ˿̾ϢˣҲûҵλܵͣҲҪ̤ɽ磬ʸҾͲˣֻ֪֮ԭǶ۾ܣ
֮ԭ֮ǰһںܶǰɽһξ޴ؾ綯ʯ֮ԭЩʯֱӴͨ޽֮أȻŵɽ磬ֻ޽֮֮ϣĳ۳֣ȡʯڵʯԽɽ編ռ䣬ɽ磡
һǶ۾⺣ĵϧʯ֮󣬵˶䣬ȻԭǵõʯڵʯҲǴɳǶ۾񹦴ɣϧӵеʯںһ壬޷뿪֮ԭһ£һǶ۾ô䣬Ƕ۾֣Ҳʮ֮£һǶ۾Ǹţ޵ɵ۾磬һ֮ԭȥѳϧ޷ȫѹ֮ԭĵκȥ䣬ǳΪʯˣɵ۸֣п֮ܽԭҪսʤǶ۾ܣ
һ纺֮ԭǶ۾ܣ˵˳
ɽɽм޽֮ء
Ҷȵһӷɽ磬ɽ֮޽֮أǳǿߣҲ޽֮ء
ɽ֮޽֮أԿֲҲɽѰżĵط֮ԭʯʹ޽֮ضǿ϶ǳԽɽɽ籾޽֮·
ԺȻĸ֣Ҷȿ纺ƽߡҲߣҲýͣҶߣʵҲóǶ۾Ҫ뿪֮ԭõѵĸϣԲŲϧú׷ɱ㣬ҪԻɳصĴۣõ㣡
㡭纺ͻȻ޻
ɽ磬ߵĴڣѲ⣬֮㡢ҡǶ۾ߣⲻǿЦԸǶ۾õѣҪ֮ԭõɳصֶ콻ʵĿĶһǾǶԸǶ۾
֮£ѣһɳظǶ۾֣ɳһҲ޴ȥֶǶ۾֣֮󣬵ھǶ۾̡
˵ҶȺȻƬݡ
纺üͷһչ˵ǣ
ңûа취ԸǶ۾ȿ뿪ֿ֮ҴǶ۾ƿ£ȡɳ뿪֮Ժɽﶼȥã˫ӮȻˣȴ֪Ӯ
Ҷȹ˵ֻҪǶ۾ѨɱֻҪܵõѣҲˣ
ҿ㵹Ǹˣ纺ͫһһƳ¶ǳ
Ҷϻ⣬ƺͶ纺˽⣬ϤȻҲµóܶغܣʵܣûȤҲҵܣ֪̫࣬һ£
纺ǸŮȴ׷ɱǶ۾ǿ߾Ļǳȥ¶ȣ˼Ƭ̣˵֮ǰǷңԸǶ۾мգ
ްգֻ֪Ƕ۾㣬ҲദԸİ취ҶȺֱӻش纺⡣
øްգ
纺һݣ¶ЦݣʱޣҶҲ纺Ƕ۾㣬뿪֮ԭҪ뿪֮ԭǵõڶԪʩչѱΪڶԪ񣬴ӶһԪ񣬴¿ʼһ
ҶϢչжǶ۾ⷬѡʮΪڶԪ񣬲ÿǿ߶ȥ顣
ֶۣ϶иȴ볬Ϊ¿ʼڶԪҪޱҶ޵Ǻð취Ҫ뿪֮ԭƼҲֻ취ãĪǿӵеı
ʲô޷ӹ۾
纺һ㶣ݲѣƺоԼʲôҪҶȿһ죬˵֮֮֮ΪϹǰһǵϹ˿ᣬŰΪ֮󣡡
ǡᣬҶһԻ
ǿŴϵǣʵ
纺סϢͻȻޱȱ䣺ʵҡ
ʲô
ҶɲǼ䣬ëȫ
콵ǣı˺󣬶ǣȻ纺˾÷˼ɽǣǳ۶ԴõܼԦǣ纺ʲôˣ
һ̸һ˵Ĺ£ȥ룡
纺ͫȫǶ˹ͬˮŷϣҶϣ֮԰ҵܸ㣬ΪҪԸǶ۾ĹؼǿǣʵڵңһŹϵ񵰣ҳ֮񵰵ĵǣ֮ԴںϣΪ̫޷жǵϵǽ𣬳Ǵﵽɵ۾磬ҲſȫǣǶ۾ǿΪҵܣҪץңҵܣӶΪڶԪԳΪǵˣ뿪֮ԭԳɾͲ󣡡
񵰣ǣ
Ҷ¸ˡ
⽵µǣ񵰣纺ǺεȵĲ˼飬Ҫ纺޽֮ػ֮ϡ
ҶһУȻ𺳣֮ǰҴ߶ܹϢҾ˵ϢܴϢû뵽⣬ʱգҲ뿪֮ƿʱѣ
纺ɫȻһݣһǿߣҪԸǶ۾취ֻһǶ۾뿪֮ԭȫ֮ʣҷӡ߶նɱ򣬾Ƿӡ֮Ƕ۾ӡ֮Уְֻ취


594 Բ
ǣǶ۾ӡնɱǶ۾ҿ̫ΣգǶ۾ɵۼߣһͿԻɽκοռ䣬Ҫ޷նɱҾֻ·һһ㣬Ƕ۾ǲ뿪֮ԭ𣿡
ǲ뿪ԼǱܣȼ֮Ϊѹȼ뿪֮ԭʱ䲻̫ãһ뿪֮ԭʵֻ߽ˮ׼
ԭȼøǶ۾Ȼɵ۸֣
ҶȶǶ۾Ӽɵǿߣף󣺡Ҫ뿪֮ԭֻ߽ʵҵʰǾǵӡɱܣֻʵȴɵۣҪɱһɵۣǳ˵Σѡðգѡ԰ȫķ
ǽ⿪Ƿӡ̸ף֮ûиж編˽⣬ĵ˽⣬ܴ߶𣿡
纺û취ֻʵ̫޷Ƿӡƿأɾǿߣӵǣ纺ԺԻɽ綥
磬ɽ硢صĴڣ棬аģûֻ硣
滹ɣնԳΪĿ꣬ؼΨһĲ࣬ǳ»٣׺ɣΨ档
ɽ粻ô򵥣뷨ȫһҲɽڱһɵۣȥ磬϶Ȳϣһݣɽɵã磬Ϊ֮ԭ
ǣģӡȵȣ߶޷ȥƽ⣬߻ˣżȻõ񹦵˶ѣ޷ȥģƽġ
纺Ǵ⽵ٵһǣЯһ񵰣ϵ磬ȴɽ磬ӵѪҺҲ֪顣
֮Ҫ߶Ҫ޾ҪĪַɽߣһ鷲ˣƤë⣬ҲǣȥӡǶ۾Ҳ޷ǡ
˵纺ϸЩΣŬֻϧƵ
ܴ߶ǣӡǶ۾ô纺˵취ֻһԴһɱǶ۾
纺ѾûƭҵıҪ
纺֮̾࣬ҶȴţĦ纺˵һ춯ܣǣе񵰣Ĵڣǿɵ۶ݵĴ˵ҪǴȥֶǿߣҲ½纺ǡ
һ˼⣬Ҷȶ϶һܣǶʵġ
纺ĵˣҶȵĵ˶Ƕ۾
Ƕ۾ǳԽɽǿĴڣɵۣ纺ףȻӵҪȥԿǶ۾üʯͷһڸ纺ҲǶ۾֡
ҶʵɾŽףӵһſ׵򣬱ҲܶԿǶ۾ֶΣ纺ֶζǶ۾֣ɵ۵Ŀ֮
ɵ۱Ϊɽ޵ߣΪɽ編ݷ򣬵취򣬾ɽˡ
Ҷȷ纺һܣģΪ纺ûбҪҶȣ纺ܣҶȺжԿǶ۾ĿܣҪκһ¶³ǱǶ۾նɱ
Ենɱ
纺ѡֻѡҶȾϺҶ纺һɡ
㲻ÿգڵһУһգǶ۾õǣõ㣬ڶԪֻΪʵȥѹǣ
֮纺ڴ£Ҷڻڣ纺ƺϣҶϣ֪ǲΪҶҲߵԭ
纺ͷɵۣȴˣ󣬲ǣֻʵȷӡңңҵȥںǣڶԪ񣬵ԶҲ޷ǣҵ⣡
֮
ҶͻȻĪЦݣЦһԵ纺ЩëȻζҶȿ˶ߣɾԽɵۣ϶гԽһߵֶΣҲ㣬ŻѡɳأԸܣ
ܴ
纺һЦأƾܶԿҾޱȵ㣬οҾȻ޷Ӧڵԣʩչû˿óҲߣ
Ǵ˵߻໥ɣõԷԪ㲻ģһҲҰģҶȺ˵
ģô᲻ģҪãǴ籾Դ峬Խˣңñ˼
ЦѣҪ㣬ͲǶ۾־ͶӰ֣Ƕ֣Ͼ㵱ʱǶ۾֣ʱҪڵ׾٣
Ҷʮ˵ī˴߶Ƕ׷ɱǶ۾־ͶӰԭ纺ҪѹҶȳסǶ۾纺˵ͱѹˡ
Ҷֵ纺㱾֮Ҳ֮У
纺˵غİΣܹϳˣǣҵı̫С޷ƿأǣһ壬Ƕ۾ǿܣҵҵߣҪڶԪ񣡡
һӡǶ۾ոڣӦϣ߶ӡǶ۾նɱɹմ˺ü֣ɵۣ뿪֮ԭҪȼڽΪﵽ磬оųɰշӡ
ųɣ
纺һһ˼飬ЩţȷʵŲգľŲգ
Ȼ纺ĻǺģ籾ԴĴڣԽߣûаմ߶ӡǶ۾ҶһɣǸߣҲ۲¡
ǳۣҪ߶ǣҲܣǿɲ޽֮ЩĹżִڡ
޽֮صĥò࣬ǲȱģҲɽںϣѹںϡͷˣҪһŻݣ˵õ˸壬ϱը
̺編ɽ編δںϣȻ޷
Ҷȿ϶Ŀ纺¶ЦȻǾųɣǰǶ۾ӵɵҪӵɵһҲûУֻǿԸǿߣ
ɵۣһɽҶ޷ӵаɽ
ųӣɣҲռƣҿԿ϶Ƕ۾һ뿪֮ԭΪֻΪһӡͿԶȡĴ䣬Ҫٴɳж٣ӡҲ֮ܽԭﻹͽͽ߽ǿߣֻжȡĴ䣡
纺úϸ壬ɳ봢Ҳ뵽ˡ
ҶϸϸĦһ󣬲ټıвҪܵõǶ۾Ĵ䣬ɽһСҪԻǶ۾ϴ߶뿪֮ԭһҪһϷֱӽ㱾֮Ƕ۾ỳթ
ʲôð취


595 ɱ
취ǰϻҶ붼û룬ð仰
ϻ纺Դһᣬƺ˵˵ʲô⣬ĺð취ԸǶ۾ſɿ
ҶȼһȻʣǶ۾ΪҪʮ·׷ɱú뺣Χɳأ
Ҷ΢΢εעӣ纺Ӳףش𣺡ȻǶ۾϶Ҷںɳأããֻ֮кɳܳΪ
ǾͶˣҾʵʵʮ·׷ɱɱȻαװܣ׷ɱ֮ĴǱ׷ɱ޼ƿʩû취Ͷ㱾ڵ֮Ȼ󣡡
ȻǶ۾˳ҵҵĵȻ󡭡
Ȼѹӡ֮У޵ɽΪٻնɱΪ
ʱ˿̣纺ƺҶȵ֪ˣֿ˵纺ҶȹƻҶȶǼթСˣһ֮ѡ
һļϣ뵽һȥˣ
纺֮ͫУͬˮɵĺⶴԭǰϻ治ð磬ϻҲ׳Եȥ
Сģģ
һݣҶȶʱɱԸбɱ¾ǻϵĿ⣺ԸǶ۾ˣӲģǶ۾־ǿߣѵ˷УΪ޵Уǡڣֻ㣬ܶԸ򣬾ʮҲɵ۵Ķ֣
֪纺ʧ̬һЦߡҵǸо
ӣСˣǺǣҶȲǾӣҲСˣȻԸСˣСбͨͷԣҪǶʥˣƤ壬Ǳ˿ӣСѷѵԸǸСˣ
ҶһνⱲʱ䲻ǾͿʲôԡ˵ͳͳʵ㣬ҶȹҲߵ졣
ǿߣҪ׳ġԣҪڽ£ΪǱһУΪΪ
ΪʲôܰһУǳǿգһ֣ݣ
˴֣ǰܣݣ̺˸ɱµȵȡ
һߣԲǱǼСˣҲһúˣںҲݣ鷸ƵļҲݣɱ𲻷ʵߡ
㲻ҪһίӣܰǶ۾ӡİ취Ҷ޳ɣΣһҲǾȿˣ纺һЦɽŮƺڻˡ
ɲǼ䣬纺չչֳһ棬ҶҲ˲治ף纺һֱڱ׷ɱΣУκλŮ㶯˵ģ
ãã˵ʮ·뺣ǿߣɳ⺣ս
ͻȻ䣬һ˺紺ĲĽֵ
ǿɳؽ֣ȥˣ
ֵһ»ָգɶ鵨սľ˵˲䳯տȥ

ͻȻ֮䣬ɳص涼𶯡
ҶüͻȻһ棺˫Ȼ֣ɳΪңҪˡôˣҵͬ࣬ŶȺɳؽҪƿǿ̣ͷϢӳɳأǡɱ֣ǰѵЩˣͲװҶ󺣣
㵹Ǻһ˵ĳðɣҴӦ㣬Ҳһƹر纺붼Ӧ
ȥ磬սΣ
¥⣬˶׼Ҷ纺Ϊ뿪ûע⡣
ɳأһӡ֮С
żʮһǿߣȫ߶磬һĿֲըըúɳؽ粻𶯡
ɳؿããɽ磬ɶȲϣʥʮʵȺɳҪǿ̫࣡
ʱӰڲźɳֽ֣󣬼˳Ҷвʥ
ʥҶ˵ʮҪҪʥɽһɽ磬ʥеʵڸɽ磬̫һ飬ˣǰĺɳأǿߣֻл
Ҫʥ½̫λĴڣɽΪͷҪĸǿ߲Сɽ磬뷲ءءһɽ磬޽֮أӦɽκ
Ҷһƻֳָ֮ǰͱ꣬Ҫڰɽ磬ע̫λˣҶɽ̶꣬ʱ䣬ҷʥؽԪˡɢЩɸ߽׵Ҷµľ޴Ƹ£϶һһͻɾɣɽ硣
ɽ̫λɽ磬ûԭ̫λзɽ硣
Ҷ졢ᡢҶԶҶҶ𡢾ʸɡʥ칫ЩˣҶšˡֵܣõԴ࣬˵Ҳɽ磬Ǿ壬ĺᣬʥˣһɣͻֳ֮
أ纺Ҫǿ
ЩˣҶȶΪ壬ӣɽ磬ΪͻͻȻʥΪʥģӵЩĸʥͿԳΪɽһɡ
пܣҶȻҪ½һˣΪδɵ׷׸ɣɽ磬ȻְңҡңҳΪɽ֮½Դɽ硣
ҶΪܴﵽصǽɣҶҲûʱ½磬ٹ꣬ǶҪľɱ
ھɱ֮УǰʮΣһܳΪֶĵӣһ죬ͼѩҲ׶ԸĴڣʱڳʱ䣬ٷ磬ȥһɽ硣
λǺɳ֮꣬ٴˣǶ۾ҪңóѣֻҪŽһɹΣ
ʱһŮӣͬʥŮںɳؽϿա
һ仰˵ɳȫˣһɹɼȻڽ֮С
ҶһƳŮӣǺΪ㲻࣬ڴɣͷ
纺֮⣬Ƕըգݺᣬڳɱ㿴뺣ǿ߲٣ǻ߶Ƕ׷ɱɳؼֲ˶ãҺ뺣ܴװ˷Լ϶߶Ƕ۾Ըɳأ
ȷˣ
ҶУĺ趯ž޴磬ڷڣȴɸ߽׵Ļڣڵըý粻𵴡
ֻڣһɽ۹̶ӱȽϳã޴òϣ
ɳȻܳʱ䣬ããɽ磬ƫԶеһСѣʱûɽ綯֮С
࣬Ƕ۾ǾȻҪˣǾͻɣ
Ȼһֲ֮ʣʮ·׷ɱʮǿϴ߶£ںɳϿգֳһ޴־ͶӰȻǶ۾
Ƕ۾
ǿߣǶ۾һ̣ɫǶȻǶ۾ʵжôֲ


596 Ӻ
ɽӵλ棬һ޴档
֮󶼲ɽһ磬磬ڶǿû֪ȻɽǴɸ߽磬һ׾޵оͷǶ۾ߣǴڵġ
칬̾һصɽ磬ִ߶Щɵɵۣ칬һķ֪Ϊɽͷ칬ȻڵͼɽоǿߣΪʱ֮衣
ЩԽɽĴڣɽû֪ǵںδ֮ԭǶ۾˶֪֪Ҳֻ߽ףΪȴɵɵۡ
Ƕ۾Ȼ߽״ڡ
ɲǼ䣬ɳؽڣʮˣʮ·׷ɱ߶ֳľͶӰŵƿԣ߽ףܶԸ
Ϊɳ֮𾹺˲ʵǶ۾Һɳԩ̫
СѾͷһ֮ڱУСɫȥǣֻҪǰ˽ͷŹΣ
Ƕ۾ɭɭΡȻƱˣȻᵱ˽Լϵף˵֮ԭסˣӶֱ֮䣬ɵںɳǰҶ纺ͼ
ϸѹأײ죬ȴûзټ
ٺɳظ֣һǶ۾ͼ񣬱뿪ķ۶ںɳΧ
δ֣
ɳʮɻˣΪһˣҪΪɳˣһһ˴µĻҵ𣬱Ū
һߣӣǺɳص¸صĿ϶ѱɳأִ߶󷨣δ˳֣
ڱǰ̬ʵڿɶ񣬱ѸǻᣬȻˣ֮ڣɳأ𾡰˷
Ƕ۾ȻŭȲˣ
ŵúˣԶǶ۾ƺ֪Ƕ۾ֲ֮꼰㣬׷ߡ
䣡
Ƕ۾ΰӰͬľźɳأһӡֻ·𶼱ƿأѷӡ˳ȥ
ռ
Ҳͬһ̣ɫأ־岻Ƕ۾֣Ѿ֪Ƕ֣ǼʮɡɣкЩ׷״ӡ߶硣
ʮ磬˲ͳΪϣĿ۵ıʯҫķ
꣬꣡
Ƕ۾Ҳڳ֣ɳذ˷Ȼֲ̫ͬŻ֮ߣǺ֣ͳΣѺɳص˲ƴ׮ݺݸ˺ɳأ
Х
մһҵĺХֻ𺣳ɳأɳʮصգһʱ޹⣬ٵط󷨶ʼˣڲɳؾ󶼳ֳԿ

һɭȻǶ۾Цʡ
ܣǶ۾߽ףֻ־ͶӰΪӵ˿棬ŻѪĺɳأҪҵУ
ʮ˵ˣΨһˣվţӣսŭΡ
Ǻɳأ
Ƕ۾ǿֶΣȫĲĺɳأľѣУǶ۾һоͲɳأôڶ֮󣬾ҲҪ档
ৡ
ۿɳؾҪ׼ֵǶ۾ǿʵ£ͻȻǱӰͬɳؽ磬˫ˡ
˵ںɳأˣӣʮ·׷ɱߣ׷ҪˣҪʬ
Ƕ۾ӰЦ˻תźܺһ뺷ӰͻΪʮ˵âʧ
ţ
ɳڲж̻̲ȴǣסˣľ֪ΪǶ۾ʧ
ΣûǶ۾ĺˣ޷׻ɳء
治֪࣬ΪǶ۾˲Ƕ۾֣ǰ뿪ɳأȻɳء
ۿһݱ䣬֪Ǹ˻Ƿŭ֮ϢԱ޾ֳʮ˸󣬳ɱȥ
ˣ
ӰȻͣ£Ҷ纺ںɳһ̣ץסʱװ˺ɳأҲʽʼӡǶ۾ƻ
𡫣
䣬ĺԦ˶ʮҺ󣬿ԼһĥͰ˵׸ҶЦǾͼˣܶԿǶ۾ȻںУ纺Ҫɱĺʬ壬ңҪӡǶ۾
ŶȻҪǾ׼纺һʬȻʲô£Ҷ֣׾ҪǿʬǾ췽ҹ̷Щš
ڵ򣬿ףҪոຣʬ϶ﵽףףǴ߷һǶ۾濹⣬ʤǾ֮
Ҷ̰źЩˣŷвͣҶȰǵһʢ磬úܡ
ҪǶ۾ԿҶȾͱﵽסĽʵǿֶΣǵūҶȸ֪ūܲܶԿǶ۾ָ߽ǿߣǶ۾ķɵ۷Ѳ
ɱ
ٶ̫죬ںٶͳԽ࣬ʮκٶȿףȻͲ󣬵Ҳмͷ޴ǴͻȻɳҶ纺һѪ̡
Ѫֳһϸϸ̣ʺעһ㣬Ѫȣ֮ڶ
ʮ˽׿ܣ
Ҷ治ɫһʮ˵ɫӰֳ
ˮӰ죡
纺Ҳϳ֣ʩչͨһɫĻΧγһɫ졣

ʮ˽׿̷ɳһѪ̣һģͰѪķˣ纺һ֣֮ͰѪ̸÷顣
ڣ
ʱʮҺؿҶ纺©ʱǿ»ڣעһſͷӡҩڵɰ𺣵ͬʱ߶һͬǻգɲǼΧҶ纺
䣡
ʮڵʱ޴ˣըը㡢һЩܵ
͡
ͻȻڱը֮Уʮ˽׿ܣֱͬħƵģӪ
뺣вⲫ津Ŀģֱ˼

Ҷͬոߣһֳ̤޼սʵɾŽףԿɸ߽׺
ͣ
ȻٶȾˣǶ̱ӣٶȾҶʩչ˲ͬ˸һ׹䣬Ѿնɱһ߽׺Ѻʬ
ʹ죬ֶֻ죬Ϊӣδɱ¾һҶͻȻѪڣҵѪɱ¾ݺ޵еζ
Ҷȡ


597 ںӺ
ֶ֣ضǣҲǣʹҶ޷չȭţѹѹҶȺܲˬͷųõĶ
ֺ׼ëѪĵˣҶ۾գ¡
Ҵﵽɸ߽ףһʵﵽ״̬ҶĲֶζԺʩչ
ȻҶҲɱ޵֣ͻǶ۾ߡ
Ҷʩչ޼ս˻񼼣ʮ˽׿ܻ壬ҶȾոռʬԽԽࡣ
纺ҲʵҶ֮ϣףһһһʽԻĻԭʵˣԲαװʵ
Ȼ֣֮࣬ɱ֮ɱһ֣ĺ˷ϹֱɥĲ
ɳɽ磬ޱϣǿߣҪΪǿߣǽҪɳвȱٵһֲϣԻȥ̻ᣬ߼ѰɳΪκɳػ˷ԭ
ˣǶ۾Ҷȣ
֮ĺʬ壬ǿǱһ˻ҪͳԽˣӵкѪҲԽˣԶŴڣٶȱ࣬ǵѪϡ
ѪǴУിԶѪ̫ңԶҪһУԪͨҲѪ
ҶѪ壬޾Ѫκˣκ˲ա
Щʬ壬ֱǧ򱶡
Ѫ֮Уһʥǹ̴һ쳣ĺ裬ץסͷŭһѺսᡣ
ʱҶȺ޲ϰоѪ壬кĹ׷׶Ҷȵģʱӡ֮Уһٶʬ壬津Ŀˡ
ЩΪ󲿷ֶǴĽ׵˽֮䣬ҶΪɱ߽ºɲҪԸɰ˽ΪҪʮ˽׿һͬնɱҶɾŽʵնɱ
࣬
ಡ
Ҷնɱһײкʱ֧ӴںĴ֣Ȼ֮ҪҶֱӺ
ɾŽ׼ĺ
Ҷһֻ֣ʱԾ봥ֲǾ֣Ҷȶζ϶ĵζؼͷɲͬѰһǳټĴɾŽ׺
ء
ʮ˽׿Ҷǰ㣬Ӧݣֻش֣ס˲ĿС
ۣ
ţֻҪʮ˽׿֮ʱʮ׿ܣɫףһ׵硣
ͣ
һ׹羪ɢ˲ڰֻ˸׹պգֻʹ˲ûʮ˽׿Ҷߣγɻ֮ƣðһݣҪڣƺӴҪˡ
һɾŽ׺ķкɱк񣬿Ҫ˽ả׼ߣ
Ҷķȫ뺣Χ֮УֺɫɫС಻ϳ֣һ纺ʩչ˺һӡ̾նɱһ
ںΧȦ֮⣬ʮҺֹͣڣΪڲ˲Ҷ纺ɱٺٿڣҪԵתǹڣ֡
ϴ󣬺ս죬δֳӮҪٵȥֻߣ
һҺȫɹǼܴ죬˵ͷ­ĹǼܣģȥǼܣ󲿷ֶʴɣֻͨԾܺɺǷͷ
˿̣ʮͷ죬վһƽ֮ϣһ˳棬˰̣ɼͷעĿľǣһһ׳ĺɫ룬ӣһغɫͼڡ
ں뺣ŷʮҺ죬ĿײгԣͬעսмһЦΪǶ۾Ķǰװ׿õģ
죬ô죿첻ҹţȴš
ں뺣캮ЦǶ۾Ǳ֮ԭ֮꣬ߣδ׷ɱ࣬ʵˣҲöԸȻ˶ڣȴûҪ˷ѲЩǵͼһ塭
״˼˼Ǿ䣬úȥĥǣ֮һһ䣬Ƕ۾
㵹һǴģ࣬εͫŮӣǺ׷ɱ壬ΪҲǶ֣һӣΪǴɵ֮䣬ֶҲܾˣʵҪץסǣ̸ףνǹ׵ѷ·춼ΧΧ͵Ϯǣ
ںɭɭ˵
ںȻһݣƺھ֮̾һ֮ںӡ

ʮ죬̰պں죬һٷٷͨ
֮֮֮࣬Ƕ۾˴£϶һЩǿߣ纣ĸ֮Ĵڣ
ںӰ֮ϣһжУ춼׳⣬ҷĻ
˶ףһӴ壬޴ɽ磬ֹ֮һɽб֮޴򱶵Ǻء֮壬ҲΪͳһи֮ǿߡ
һһΪ֮е۷壬ӽףΪӿֲͨ죬Ǻں죬Ҳﺣ
࣬ʵ֮⣬Ǿ
Ϊʲô׷ɱҶˣ̫ͣܵƻ޷ֱ棬Ʊãںôڣ
Ǹվ۷壡
࡭
˿ްΧȦ֮УаֵֻĺһӴݣӿȻһͬɽΡī㺣׵磬ʹࡣ
ǵȻЩ׵ɲͨԵ޼˻ףĺڰѧӵгԽɽ編ҪҶΪ̫ɾŽī㺣ͻΪ̿
ķɽ編֮ϣɽ֮УҲֻҶȲףʩչҶ֮У̺編ɽ編򣬵編ȥκ磬ܵԼ
źԵ֣ҶȲɵ쳣˷ܣսԱ˵Ǽµ£Ҷ˵Ƕڻ÷ʽͣսȥҶȻӶʥǹһ壬ҵģ
ŵСӣǶ۾Ҫ͵
ī㺣Ϊ޷ûҶȶԿ˵Ұͬһ㣬ͻȻ죬һſֲ̺˺ˮ塣
ˮɾ壬Ǻε
ʩչ컯ȭ
Ҷüͷһᣬˮ壬֪һ־ǿᣬƥе¶Ҫݻ١
ǰһʩչǧͼ˾ʧˣ֮УҶȵʧûע⡣


598 \ľ
ӣ
ī㺣߶ʮһΪҶʩչˣ㲻ֱͬ࣬õĺˮ
ٿ
Ȼ֮䣬غˮ򣬾һڵҶʧ켣Ȼһգղ飬ĺˮѣͬʯ飬ͨȻٱ
ǣҶʧī㺣ƽգһ±ըˮ徹Ȼиգʮ֪ͬ࣬ô£ͱˮȫ飬һѪѪȾ˺档
ճһС棬Ŀģܿɽ編£ˣʲô鶼δƵġ
ī㺣ͬ౻ɱݣҿŲٵͼȥԵӸˣ࣬ţҶûʣ
˭˵ˣ޴ɾŽΪɱң츳ǷǳˣϧңҵˣҶԴˣӲĴ
ͻȻī㺣֮ʣһӰȴǰ޴ڡ
ī㺣ѪŰӰһץȴץ˸գʱһɹɺˮҺ壬ȻˮƵģһ
ϧ㶯̫ˣ࣬࣬˻ƣ
ͻȻһӰͻأī㺣ؿǰǹ캣ˮ壬ҪλãӰһһ¹켣׹ƣݺݵ֮ϡ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬׹⣬ʹ̴ī㺣ӲƤʵ⣬ֱࡣ
ͨ
ĵط޼˻̫ǿֱī㺣࣬޴ʬ壬ʹӰյոˮһڶһ¾סī㺣ʬ壬һڶ
һɾŽ׺ʬ塭
ӡī㺣ʬ壬Ҷʱͻɾɾɾ֮壬ҪɾԸǶ۾ʱʩչǶ۾ǿҲܺٷ
ҲҶȶԿǶ۾һֶΡ
Ҷǰ֮壬䲻ϵİ֮壬Ѵﵽԣ編ǿزذԽǿʵԽֲͻɾҶ׼˺ܾãһֱڴ
Ϊľǣ˲̤ɾ
Ϊ˶ԸѩԸͼңԿ칬Ҷȱ벻ΪﵽɽΪɽ֮δ֪δ֪ҪԶپǿս
Ȼ˷Ѳնɱī㺣ȼ۽֮һռô纺ѡߣ
ҶնܺΧʼ纺
Ǿͳұڷǰ
Ȼ纺Ӧˡ
Ҷһͳڼ⣬纺һϿ棬ȻĶӼƣȥݺ׷
Ӫ
ںӺվͬ˸й⣬һһָˣҲĵò࣬죬\ľֲ壬Χɱˣ
\ľ֣ϣ
һ𺣵ִһٷȻʮҺͬޣԼٶȸ溣Χɱ֮С

ǰʲô򣿾Ȼ֮Уĺɫ֣
ɲҶ纺һƬںĺǰǺӿĺ׷ɱ˳ǰǹĵĺɫ
纺ܵǰ\ľ֣һֺصĺľ̺ǿˮԣйһֲ\뿪ͳΪߺ󣡡
\ԣſѱΪĿ´ڣҺǿ߲ڣ
һܿܺ°ΧȦ纺俴ķоĺˮ͸һɾ֮С
Ҷںӻ֣ɱ٣ղһһǶ۾ţһ\ľ֣ұˣԻǶ۾ıڣжپ룿
纺ģһˮâ˸ѾʩչӡֻͨҪ߶ӡƬ̹͵
ҶӶȻһ纺\ľԿëսˮֺ˷ȻǿӿһһǶ۾ã޼ƿʩŽʱ䣬ڶҪкʬﵽ۷壬ӡǶ۾
ҵ֮Ҳǿ󷨣ϧ޷ⳡսͽ㣬Ұɱ
纺ҶԽԽģֵɳأټѣ纺ԽԽҶ޷
̫󣡡
һʯ˲һ̫޴ݽ\ľ֡
״̫½ԺŴ󣬿ϧ̫Сں£ϿĴ̫󣬷ϣ
ҶȰһЦԺ󷨡šţԼֻҪ΢΢һչأںϣͻγɸڣ̫󣬱½̫λԺ֮һԺľ
ҶУѾ½󷨣ɽ󷨣ںϸ֮
Ȼرǿᣬӵдɸ߽׾ͲˣΪȷ˲𣬿ʼ߶ˣ
纺ʩչ纣¥ĺ죬ںϴ̫ʱնɱɱĺ
龻֣
߶ҶȼһٶӡǰʱЦ˻ֱһ纺նɱ
˫ִһӡһͻ龻־סһ߶֣Ϳʼ
ɾŽī㺣
ʱ˿̣һջ龻ת׳ۣҶȷī㺣ʬ֮ϣ˫ְסͷ৵պھѪ
̫⣡
䣡
ɰǧͬϴƺƵΧƺҲ֪Ǵȴôֱ࣬ӹײеһɱе򱻴棬һʱŭɱ֮಻
μںϴ󣡡
㣬˷һ֧֧ӣÿ֧ӣʮʮҴֻ򺣵ʼᡣ
һ֧֧ӷɳһ𺣵죬ںһλ죬ԺںΪģһϣ׷׶Ժںӱȭ
ںҲһ棬ŲĴһ֮󣬷׷ںںΧУкü˶ӵǶ׷ɱʮ顣
ںӵ̶ˣҪԤٴߣЩ޴װλˣ϶ƣߣŲòôץסʱҪǺץסˣǶ۾ʹӦǴɳʹǿܷ
Ƕ۾ʵɹܴﵽ߽ס˽ףŽףĿܷӵһ׵ȼҪǺˣռܣɲ庣壬ֱӹƺɳأɳǣһ켫Ϊݵ˵
һͬ˰죬ӥĿǱͷϣкɳأҲ𺣵ˣںϴζģǶ׷ɱһͳ֮󣬽Ϻ۹
ȻΪҾͲλӵǶ׷ɱξͺúãͬʱѹ뺣ɳأǸˣζԸңҪΪŮūܣλֵܣʱɱ׽ˣǺܲܳͷһˣ
ǣ


599 
źںһ£һ죬ͬ޷ɳ̴ӡķɳɷĺ򺣵ɱ˲գۣմƺƵɱ̫
лڣҶŴͺ䣬лߣˣɱȥҪҲɱ󣬹
ںһֳ̣ײС绢һ棬Ӷ죬ʮҺ˲俪ڣڴ̫֮ϡ
ڴտȥΧŴ̫󲻶Ϲеվڴ֮ϣ˺ҧеޱôӴϾȥķĿǧ
ҲûŸ·죬̫ȥڵڴ֮ϣըúֳˣ
ţ
֮ڣһͷ׺ж֪ôͽ֮ڣͷת򣬺滹½żñ۾Ϣ۾ǻģδɶζͱһ֡
һ
һŴ޴ͷ­ͱնѪ䣬ͷʬ廹δ£纺ָһץķˮʬ롣
úãҪСˣѾ˺գ伫ҪԤ
ҶӰӰֱߺʬ壬ֻع֮УŴһ֮
һһ
纺Ҳͬһޣûɱһ亮ϢĿӿļָһ㣬޴ͬסһͷͷɱȥ
һмɱ߽ס˽סŽ׺纺ʵǿ֪ǺεȾ磡
룬Ļ龻תһʬ壬ҶȲ̫¯Ҳȼգպ֮֮ΪǵĽ٣ɽ綼Ҫ߼
̫¯ȼգԶ֪̫¯Ѿӡµ̫һ
ӣ
һ龻ʧһͻΪ˰׹ǣɢϣзɳһŶĿʥϢĺӣҶץġ
ӱʥĹ󣬵Ҳ˿˿ҶȻ޷ôʱ䣬ͳװ壬ܿͻᱻ̫һɡ
߽׺ӣɰ˽ײ£źѪҶȱЦ˻Ѫûã˵ǱҪ
ҶȵԽǿ֮ﵽİ֮壬Խɽߵɵۡ
ҶΪߣǿʩչ龻԰еѪͳͳӣͻʣ³ݰ׵ĹǼܣƤⶼʣ
Ҷʩչ龻ֵ
꣬꣡
һ龻ʧһǼܾɢˣӲϷҶȣҶȰӣͳͳǿž޴ҶҪ۷׵ȼ
ʱԸǶ۾͸аգ
ɹǶ۾ӡҶȱܻȡĴ䣬õɳӶȻعɣ³ѩҪ£һԸЩС
ɱĴ¡
ɱһųУɽĴ̨ҶҪչ½ˡѣʥȵȣͱֶӵߵλͬʵ۰ڣʱܴչȭţֶ죬ͬСһ
Ҫɽôףҿؼ֮ԭ˼ѡֲҪμӾɱҪһ񣬽ɵ񣬿϶쳣ѣɽ񣬲ֶܴμӾɱμɱɽɵĳš
һѹأǰҪΪɽĿ˲ףν޳
ţȻǶ϶ǺʩչֶΣ
Ҷȫʵ֮ʣȻûһֻץסһƺɫ壬ҶǰһǿҶ
ҶȰȻκζûã̫һѹκζ¶һģУ纺ⶾںϺɣѹ𣿡
ȷЩҶߣԷӡö壬Щ֪ߣɱͷ㣬𣿡
纺˿дݶ
Ǿɱȡѣɱʬ壬˵ҪܰѺȫɱãҵĴ̫ں޵󷨣һЩ󷨰УᱻƣʱһȻ߶Ƕ׷ɱǶ۾Ըʱʱ
ҶڨЦںôԸǶ۾ڲںǶ۾֪ڣҵΪҿ֧ţ֪Ƕ͵ġ
ţ֮ҵҲȡ֮ϣ֮ߣɣ纺û
Ƕ۾ҲӵŽסʮ״Բϧū޷ʩչȫע뵶ūڣūܻﵽ߽ףԸǶ۾Ӧò£ūһ߶칬ǿߣϷֵūϢɳ׷ɱǶ۾칬칬Ҫֲ֣
߶ʩչ龻֣ϸ˼ϧϧǶ۾ɵۣһɵۡϧնɱǶ۾գҿҪɾ
뵽ҶȾһпǶ۾ֱһÿͣϧǶ۾һɵۣɱնɱģɵ۵ͨѾԴɽķںɽ編򣬾͵ӵɽıԴ
ҪնϱԴܣҶȴﵽ磬ôնɱǶ۾Ͳǳ˵Ρ
ֻܰǶ۾ӡ֮УȴҶ̤ͿԻǶ۾
Ƕ۾Ǳصһݾ޴һѪڡ
ɽ磬ҲֻҶȸ뷨ɵۣ
ڴƴ󷨣ɱ󣬻׽ˣ
˿̣ڴ̫֮Уȥ죬ѪȾӵдʮ𺣵ڻĻҵ֮ͻƣҵһӡ
Ȼ©Ȼ˹ģ
ͷŶ
ʮóһݣŴڿʼ³һɫ壬ȻڴѴ˷ƺܸӦ˳Ѵɱ
ȺϣֶǹաɵģҪүߣᵹȱֶ֮£
ոͷŶҪ˳Ŷɱ֮У֪һӰͬڴ֮˸
ܣҲᱻƷӣ첻˵𣿡ˣ仯ĪĺӰз顣
ǿǸںӣΪһ۷壬ҪǽҲֻɥķݣǾµɣڰ׾
ɲǼ䣬̹ǵںͼ׹硣


600 նɱ1
߳߳߳
Ե׹⣬ͬٲӾӵұʮ𺣵ӦɲǼ䱻׵Χ
һ׹۹ˣ

ǷԱ׹⣬׹ǧ˿͸ﵽƻɱࡣ
һֻһ֮䣬ʮ׵˽׵ĺգۼ䡣
˲ɱ
ɱôɵǿߣҪôǴʮףҪôͷҶȴ߶ڰ׾һ׹䣬Щɺֵˣڰ׾߶
Ҷʵ޼˻ҲԽֳ֮ҶȽʩչڰ׾һȺûΪҽ
ЩˣҲΪͳͳΪҵɣ
Ҷȴӻû߳һ߾߽ʬ壬ľһ֣һַͰʬ
ЩȻͨѶ󰡣٣ɱ٣Ҷֳѷ֮ǰΪ֮
㻹ģҪЩʬˣ
纺ͬ紵ɫˮסʬ壬Ҷǰһ˦ͰѺʬҶǰ
ʬ壬һ̵⣬Ҷǰ
ҪȻҪҵѾ浽۷壬ʱ䲻࣬Щʬ壬ͷӡŵͻɾã
ಣ
ֻ΢΢һգۣüһɺڶͰѺʬ壬һͷͷȫӡ
纺Ȼѷ촦Ƿ⣺ˣ
ЩҶûô̫ͼ
ҶȻһһ޼սͳУʱ֮ǰͷŵĶǿʢڴڱҶȾȻ޶ҲЦЦûһ£纺ȴʩչӡ߶ѹ

ͻȻ䣬һΰȫֻγһףǿ󷨣ɱ֮Уһɹδüͷǰһڣһ׹֮ӹ
ͷ­㱻ժȡˣ
ͷ­һֻգѪֱֱزİҿǴɰ˽ס
ɰ˽ףɰ˽ʲôǰҲ䣬𣡡Ҷֱ۲ʣӿͷ­
һͷ­ˣȫҶģкĽ𵤡Ԫ񡢷ͳͳҶȵġ
ֵܣ
ʱҲ壬ͬⵯƵģڳȻѰ֮ǰǸϧãã󣬲ϻû޷ֻͷӬûĿꡣ
Сģ֮ǰһȺֵܣ޷Ϣܴ棬壡ţһ
ʮ֮ĩβһ𺣵ͷͷһͷŽͫа䣬ͷƣȴһ㺣Ҫ
죬ô죬ǵжǼͷŶʮ𺣵һ°ͷΧס
ͷмģֲʲô£ǵĸ򣿸ֱɱ󣡡
ӡ
ͻȻһȺԲ֮ʣһϢϿ˸ںʱоġ
ǡ
һɫƵĿ磬һ¾Ӫϴ󷨣Ũ󲿷ֺ޷ͷȴȻͷƣǿͷһ׹Ƕ̽ӲǰѺ˷ӡơ
ӳ˳ȥȴʧȥ纺Ұ֮С

ͷתɫӡ֮УΪ˱Ƶģľͷð顣
ͷӣҲߣ
Ҷںͷ·ǰֳ˫֣ݲȣһɣǰҲӳ
ͷתһ鼴¶аĿ⣺㣿һСӣɱɣܶԸСӣӽˮǲǣһǺȺˮͶˣ
֪Ϊʲôֻ㣬ӷӡ֮ӳ𣿡
Ҷһͷǰʮױͣ£ߣ㣬Ϊϵһ飡
㣿಻ɸ߽װɣΪûһ˿ϢѵԴɣɱ
ͷͻȻ֣ץס̽һͬͬȲڹ֮̽ϣúͷʵǿʢ
ʵ£Ҷȴ߶ʥǹ
ʱ˿̣̤ɽ磬ˣֵüӣҪɾնɱͷǿ߾Ҫعˡ
֪ҾͰɱˣٶŮӣͷӸûҶȵˣ߶һȻһҶüġ
ٶȣǿֲ𵱳ٶȻҪֻܶ࣬˵⺣ͷӣʵҪǿ
꣡
ںͷһ֮£ҶȾȻ˿ȻûѡߣܣǶԿǿŹǽͷûѪ
ͷӱʮֵ⣬ǵǽҶȶͷΪһ̴ͷ­֪Ҷɲһ͵һ𣬷ŷҶȵɽɽ
ͷֱһҶѹǽ𶶣ǽɲǻͷֻҶȶͷһǳǳѪۣȴûһѪ
Ϊ˼ӲʹõƷһҲҪΪȴ޷壿
ͷҶȲɲһ£Ҷȵ̥˼´Ҷȡ
ͻȻ˫ͫһؿҶȶͷһѪۣȻ̾ˡ
Ҷ֣һ׹˸ֳһ£Σʵϣܺãҿҵʵǿ״̬ʹǿһҲκηԿ㲻Ҿͷߣ
СӣȻǸ̥ǿ˵زبδаԲһˣҲãҵĻ⺣򣬵õҪ
ͷӣ֪ɽݺ꣬һΪɽǾͷ̤ɽ磬ɽ統ͷƽӹֲǴɵӣעֻһ
ƺҶȾ͸֣ٴθıء
ȻҾ۷״̬ǿ̴ͷƶȻǿޱȣӿǽ֮С
ˡǽȻڲŷڴսѪ
˻ƣ
ҶҲ߶ڳȥ֮еʼ֣߶޼˻ףҪԵߵĲ
ռɱ񷣡
ͷִһӡһصĽעǽ֮Уԭһ׿ֲĹǽȻ޼᲻ݵĽ
޼˻ףչҫޱߣ޼޻ģҶҲһӡ޼˻ߵķ
ͷҶȵһΣҲǿˡ
ǿߣҶȻСӣ̤ɽ磬ʵǿһˣ֮ǰԹ桢ħͳȵǿߣǶ޷ȼʱΪʵǿߡ
ʵ֮Ǿļޡ


601 նɱ2
ɽ磬һ޷Խĺ蹵
ɡɡǰϡҶᣬһɽɽ磬һˣǿɣɽͼ磬һɣ޵еĴڡ
ɽжɡɡɣû֪ǶҪǰžͷߣΪھɽ磬ˣаǡ
жǣڽ񳯣
ɣСӣϷΪϷ壬ĲŻϷɽ磡
ɲǼ䣬һаĽڿɭɭͷӲ֪ɱ˶ˣǽ֮Уӵ顣
ƺй⻪ںͷӣľ֮ϣ̫ʧȥ˹â
ʱͷչǽ߶аͬըҫҶƶ
ǰݲһ˿£ϵĴڣ
ಣ
Ҷȫⶼ飬һȫ̫һΪ޼˻ףְ˻֮С
һ£ҶȱӵԽնɱɸ߽׵ʵжô񣬾һɾŽܺͣҲ޷ﵽҶ״̬֮ϣɲǼ䣬ϢҲ޷ڸǡ
âҶһõܡ
ܣ
󷽣߸ϵ纺עҶһһ뿴ҶɾŽʵܶԿһ˻ƣȫûзӡûѹƣչ¶ԴϢһ̡
Ϊ絮شڣ纺Ķݡ
̫ڤԿ磬רſʥ̫ڤҲĶ֣ôᱻһУֻеڤſУ޷Уǣҷ׸󣬲ſܼӳֵ
纺֮ϣ˴δй𺳣أɽ磬ƺڵΪкϤ
ʲôˣ
ƾСƵһ㣬纺޷ƽһˣҪôӵоֶΣǾԵڤ
СӣҵĴˣ
գһҫȫѹһع⻷ͷȫӳǽǰֵ׹Ӱ

ƣײһķ籩ͷƣȻûռϷ硣
ܣܣ
ͷѾ޷֣ѵʱٴδ߶𵤣Ȼӳֽ
ͣ
ͻȻ䣬׹ҫͬɳ챬һ׹⣬ֶĿа񣬶ʥҶɫһΰֱһȫʩչ˻ƣǰİԵǽȥ
ˣ
꣡
ͷаɭɭΪԶҶȣԴ̳ǽһ̣ϳʤȯյĹЦǽҶ֮ǰǴʥ֮ʣǽȻ˲䱻׵
֨֨֨Ʒڹǽ֮˸󣬺ͷһؿŹǽȻ׹֮£顣
һ̣ߣҲܣһǿҶǿ״̬˻˲ͷӣͷһ⡣

ҶȱͷصɱУݺݵػ壬⾹Ȼ͸˰˻ƣҶ뵽ȴŵʵһҶɰףûĹĤ˲ذ
ȿȣ
һԿƵĻ֮ҶڱΪڰ˻֮Уһ޷ѪȲѣһڽӲӵѪֱġ
ѪǿɶϾ
ôףȻ޷ҵжҵľҵ࣬еĵ
֮Уһ׹磬ϵ˸ˣֻͷӣŷ䣬ƺĺ괹ѣһϢ̧ͷ׹˸ڴε˸ڱڴ׹и
ɡ꣬ȻһСϡ찡ǲۣ
ΪΣΪΣò̤ɵۺϣ
ͷӾȻûκεĿ־壬ֻ޾ŭԹѾʵڴʹ࣬ľΣǻ𣬶ȷȷʵʵԵ
ȻͷҲһǰϣǺãҲԶ֮УϢ
ҶȻ߳ĤؿһѪڣڻָϣңһۺע·ľ괺Ȼ
һ£̤ɵͿһأСӣϣҲǶҵףΪţΪϣΪδҶˣҾɽźһ
ͷѾĺѣ׹ȫݻ٣ԪˣԽԽû˵һصͷȻ׹š
һˣ
˵㰲Ϣұ
Ҷͷǰһ߿ϵʬ壬û˿ĶݣҶȲɱҲòʹ࣬һֽѡ
ٿ
һӡ֮ҶסͷӣγһӵеԵĹ餣Ҷڵڤģ֮£֮֮С
Ӵˣǰкξ壡
һ̣̫¯֮Уݶˮ̫һʵնɱ
ҶҲɱ֮ǰ׷ɱ纺īˣһΪӣҶȽǧͼԼ纺£նɱڽ
ҶǿʵΪ˴棬ɽ編ɾնɱɽߣ
ͻһأҶȿνɣĶĿ־壬Ҷޱ߼㣬޵֮ͬʯ᲻ɴݣΪɵۣΪ󣬻ˣס
纺ͬˮٲҶߣͫ⣺ʣɾŽնɱһףȻûȥɽϵ磬ҲӺżϿɽبûйִ棬ϹʱҲûϹ˳ɾ͹
ҶȰɽ磬磬棬˲ǱȷһЩˣֻϣһҪһط
Һܺ棬Ϊ򣿡
纺ʵͻȻһѵһȻһ־ǵĺڰ
ҶȺĵʶҲ㣬ҵȷֲͬԵ
ǣķ򣬵־봫УǵԴ壬Ҳǵصڤ壬ſΪΣѵĵڵõ־У
һ̣纺ֻгſԿࡣ


602 Ƕ۾ɱ
˲ܳչֳںϷɽҲֻг
Ҳ޷
һ㣬纺κɽۡ۶޷ںϵɽɽ編ȫһ޷ȥУһġ
ɽֻ˵һ㣬ˣԵǵõǿ־ĴС
Ҫ־УôԶŵҲԲͨ
ããɽ磬֪Ĵڣ¾Ҷ纺νĳۣҲֻ֪һ֪
ʵնɱҶǹߡʱֳӦ˵ǵõĴУԵΰĴڣҵĴڣҲӵ־Ĵڣ
û뵽õ־Уˣˣһ䣬־ʧǲģ־ȴǳϦ֮ᱻֻһЩӵֶε񣬲Żᱣ־
纺Ȼ㵵ĵⷬ˵ܣҶȵõ־УҲ񣬻Ǹصʥ񣬵Ȼ۵־У纺
ãã磬ǲ࣬ͼҲǲľͷһɽ磬Ի񷣬һɽ磬ɽۡ۽磬һͷǶ֡

Ҷ˿ûеɫ˵ɽ죬֮ϻ޽֮أٵˣٵ飬Ҳұ֤֮У϶Ҳټõ󴫳еţ㲻ͬ㱾ߵ磬Ǵԣֻ󣬲ƥУգعҲ⣡
ҾͲҪ޵Ķɱ˺޸ң
纺ѷ죬µķȻٻ˸ֽطͬ黨״ͷš
Щʬ壬أҪʬ壬Ҷţ纺ͫһݣȫδǵסµʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ纺֮Ƕ۾ٴ׷ɱһɱ¾֮ҲȻģҲЩĪҶһص룬ץסʮ𺣵ʬ壬
߶龻֣תݵպʬ壬ͬ˷⣬ۼ
ৡ
һߺʬ壬˿ϢƤţ纺ϢշҶ֮Уһ߾ߺʬ壬ʱʱͷôʬ壬ҶЦ˻
նɱȥľȫնɱһһ׸֡ЩͨΪֶЩһ뿪
Ҷ֮ͬУ屻һ̫˿ͷ̫¯̫һӿǿϢϵس֡
ȫնɱҶȶʵ˽⣬Һӵݽ߶
Լնɱ
ִۣһ˵ѡ񣬳ǱƵ߳·Żѡͬھİ취
ˣͺľҶ֮Уȴӡ̫¯һ׼򣬻оָڵ̳ڽÿһǳԽĴڡ
ҶȵǱɽ˵Ĳࡣ
ζԿռģҵҲشȻҵǿ󣬻ܵشܿסǿʩչһ԰ɽ磡
ͻȻԺֳͷӣֳֹǽȫüģȴֻǴһƤµѪۣ΢΢£Ҫôȥǿһ
Ҷȴú֤ԼǺúõվͷӣ֮õس˯֮¡
޸ΪҪѺܶ࣬Ҷ˵ͬëҪΪҶʹʬ塢ʬ֮УҪ޸ҲƬ̹
Ҷȫͷ̫¯պ޲壡
ɶϲϢȻʧˣ
̫֮⣬ڲŭ룬ںӣʮǿǧһңɱѷ졣
Ϊ֮еһ죬ҲǱҶնɱĺͷӣϢ˲飬ʧˡ
ԸֻһǾǺͷӣ˴̫󣬱ҶȻ纺һˣնɱЩ˲˼ɵûǷ档
ںһçɱڣʱҲòѹ棬˵Сˡô໹Ҫǵֵܣǲգ߶Ƕ׷ɱǶ۾Ըǣ
ãϴģͷ׷״Ӧ
ںӶʱһǶ׷ɱŵ׷ɱ֡
Χ죬ԥֱ߳һ˦һǿϢɳһ˹Ϣǵϣγɾŵ׷ɱ
ЩռҺıˣߡ
ںںӾŴ󺣵ɴҪ߶Ƕ׷ɱ֮ʱʱ󷽺纣һǿˣȻһ
ҲѡǶ۾Ըҡʱˣ
̫ڣͻȻĺоŴǶ׷ɱͷŵĹҶ纺˲Ӧ˳ڴۣ֮ǰٺ֣оŴΪһֳ࣬Ƕ׷ɱɱ
ķܵŴǿߣʱ׷׷Ŵǿߺ£ɽĺɾŴǿƿء
ںӣҺ̣ݵţ߶Ƕ׷ɱ
ŴߣȻҲһɱ׷ɱҶˣѡںһͬʱǶ׷ɱɴ
ŴȻɱǴ֪纺ٿϴξһǿߣ纺УЩǿߣ˭Ըֻɱ
ںżˣ¾Ŵһ߶Ƕ۾־߶
ЦЦǶ۾úԶԸң֪ЩһȺ棬ֱһѣﶷˣ
һĻҶȴЦֹ

һһնֳŵ⻷ǳ֮ʼۣԳһΰĺӰ
ৣ
ȫ߶ȡȰǶ۾ٻ֪ƴͻȻغһǶ۾ͶӰҲۼһ𣬶ʱ֮䣬Ƕ۾ľ޴ǰֳ
ݼ۾
뺣ǿ߶û뵽ᷢ£ʱ϶Ƕ۾ͨܰͶӰһ塣
һȺǶԸˣǵԼɱ
Ƕ۾־ͶӰֳɭɭź˫ͫŷɷһɨɨʲôںӣͳͳһ޷ܡ
߽׵ǿܣ־ɱͽ
Ƕ۾ŭƽҪٸҷͰȫؽ֮ԭҪܵѹ
ǣǣǣ
ͷӡͷӣʱŵˣƺ֪Ƕ۾֮Ҵ¡


603 ߽׵
ǧĺǶ۾ǿɭɭ£ʱʧȥɱͬ˳ͯʵʵҶ
Ƕ۾
֮У纺ϢŴһ𣬾ȻֳӰǺе⡣
Ƕ۾־ͶӰѹк纺ˣΣھߣ
ҶЦһڣҪھߣǶ۾϶СģҪһҪʵΣ뱾ж٣еףղܷӡ
纺ʮ㣬Ҳȥô࣬鵽һܹ˼ҿҪСģ־ͶӰۼʮ˿ƣҲӵĽ׵֮ʵȫ֣
ڶĲ
纺һ䣬ͬһ㣬Ҷȶը
ĲǺǣҲΪǳĲһԶĲȤֲ˵ˣ½Ҳ޷վǰɲǼ䣬Ҷͫ⣬Ǽᶨ񷡣
ȡţ̤̩λ棬̤Ժһͳ̫λ棬Է֮޽֮ؽɽ硭һ׳٣ûһĲģʵǻǣֶΡ
ͬһߣʲôҶ֧㣬֮ҵأӮûģ
һƳ纺ٴζݡ
Ƕ۾ѵõľ֣ɵ۰ɵۣҪսɵۣҪϴѹأҵļޣҵĳɳҵʵżȻǱޣǲϵսսԽҲóھ磬ɾѣ
ӷɾɾɾɾͨ쾳ɾɾҶһУնɱǿߣɾ͡
纺ҶƣɵȷǱޣת޷ռڣ㻹޵ûչֳ
ռܣȻʮ٣κεκε޷ȼ硣
Ƕ۾ˣ
һҶͫ⣬ᴩֻ֮ϣǶ۾תźƺƵɱ
ȻʱĻϯǶ۾һʯ֮ϣʱһ־ͶӰ뱾𼸺ûв𣬺죬޷Զǿʵƣɵ״̬
Ƕ۾ͻȻһԳ֣ϾҪͷأѪܽõɱǣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶŴڳգ˫֣СƮ䣺Ƕ۾ʲô˼˲֪֪ģ߳ƣҪҲùƣ
ʲôʸ뱾ƣϰСӣ·ߣǾһµ֪ʲôޱ
Ƕ۾ŭͻͻէ˲ﺣͬ͵̫
žણ
̫Ƕ۾߽ѹȣײȻѹóԲΣһݣͿ챻Ƕ۾ѹ
ҶҲײⱬ̫ƣٵѹȣҲҪһ֣ŷȻֹͣһ𣺡ǿֲ߽Ǹֶ߽ΣֵͶɣȥģ
޵дڣҶᣡ
նɱͷ֮ʱҶȾͷѾһȫնɱֻһףֶԿһУʮ˽׿ܣҶȿһж޷ֵ
߽̫뺷̬޷⣬ֻһͷţһ߽Ŵ˿һѣõͽκδɡɻΪ̳
οһɣ
۾䣬۾䣡
޽֮ϣһǶ۾ʵ֮Щߡ
Ƕ۾һƾң̫ˣ
ҶͻȻִӴֳ֮ͬΧҶͻȻץһ߼Ϣע̼䣬ָ
ȻҶȼķֻ칭֮УȡӡɣʩչΪǶ۾֪һǷܶԿҶȱʵҶӵе
ȻҶһмƲߣǶ۾òŭЦһ漴һ䣬һǹΪһȭӡ
Сӣ֮أȭ޴ɶ㣬ʬ޴棡
Ƕ۾ʮţǳȭӡƼ򵥣û̲ǧȴǰԵأңȭӡ֮󣬾Ȼ̲֮صĲȭӡںϡ
Ҫģһȭ纺һݣȻɽ
Ƕ۾³Ϊ׳Զˣߣڱ͵Ϯ־ͶӰ֮ʱյʮûôһߣܶԿף⻹˵ãŷ߼
ҶԸһЦޱȼʱ߶̫һҪԿǶ۾
ҶȷӡǶ۾һʹҵܣǶ۾Ҳһɳһһ߶ʯκ˵Ƕ۾Ϊʯ֮
Ƕ۾̫һŹ
Ƕ۾ȷ̬ǿɽκ˶¶֣ʯжձնɱ
һȭ㶼Ҫɳɣ
Ƕ۾ϳ֣һʯҵĲֱһ˦˳ʱһתһץҶڵĴ̫һȭӳɵĹȭӡͬڵɳ
䡫
ȭӡ̫žƶ壬Ȼն÷飬ȭӡѵֲ
Ƕ۾ǿֲ
ͷӺںӣվǶ۾˫ȭӡ֮ϣ㷲ëһȭ𣬾Ǻɳأһȭ£ҲҪ߰˰ˡò
ø߽ףҶȽվҪΪס
Ҷȶʱ˵̫һ̫֮УȻޱصģҪǱǶ۾̫һͻῴҶȵĹ졣
䣡
ֲȭӡԺɨ֮ƣǧգֱӺڴ̫֮ϣ󼸺ʧȥ󣬶ֲ֮Ÿոտʼ
ȭӡͬ߹һըѣǶ۾ǳ֮ͬĺһڴ̫֮ϡ
ʱһͬʯҰѹڴ̫֮ϣȻͬɫǴ·ĺ󣬾Ȼرңŷʯһ㡣
̫һɣ
Ҷƶڱͬˮйһ̣Ͳõ̫ڴ֮пʼת̫һʼʯҰ
ٿٿ
̫߶̫Ӳ󷨣ʼתʯҰ̫һ룬Ҷͬˣվڴۣ֮Ĳʯ
ҶΪѵؿ纺Ŷˮѹþٲά裬纺࡭
Ȼ
ҶȾȻԶһˣסǶ۾һУ纺ɲǼˣû뵽ҶһɣȻǿͦ˱̬


604 صˮ
쵽ҵˣЩ֣Ƕ۾֮󣬿϶ѵݾѵĵز
ҶڿûǶ۾װĿֲʵܣնɱһףҲ׿⣬Ǿ׶Կ
ҪǶ۾һȭҶȲ򣬻ôֻһ³
ƣ
纺׼ʱһҶǰǶ۾ȭ廹ڱ˫һһɹɺɫ⣬̫
СӣеֶΣܽס֮һ򵥡ϧ󷨣
֮ϣǶ۾еڱ֮ϣŴ̫󣬱ʯǹ֮ⲻϰɣϸЩЦݡ
̫ѹòˣƲʧʯɫŨңƺҪѴ̫󳹵ױһʯҡ
Ƕ۾ʵ̫ģȫţɽ磬һ⣬ңڣûʩչ
ݡ
ʯ֮ѹɴ̫֮ʣһɺʥ⣬ͬҹеգͻȻ
ʱ䣬һɫɫǳ֮뺣⿪ʼԿ£ƺһطϢҪ˺ʯ֮
纺㵽Ǻεȴڣ֮еһҪץ־ȡ־ұ֮
ҿ⣬纺ķܣֱš
Ƕ۾ɭɭа⣬һͷҰޣʱվޱϣһȭһ޴ȭӡʱ
纺ȻҾûҪȥһ£˶ҪӡУò
ȭӡƱ֮ǰȭӡҪǿ󼸱ֹ׵ȼĽҲܣķ򣬶ˡ
ɽռ飬ڷ飬ҪԽɽ֮ϵ
Ƕ۾еʵ
ԭǶ۾һֱڵȴ纺֣˶ԸҶȣΪǣ纺Ҫ纺ѹ
Ҷ纺֪Ҷȼƻ֮УΪһӡ
ºˣǶ۾Ȼһȭף־ͶӰǿʱˣ
֮ڣҶעǶ۾һһƻһеȭӡ˵ʩչǧͼ̫纺һʧˡ
䡭
ͬʱ̣Ƕ۾ڶȭҲѸͶȻѴ֮ͰѴ̫ʯͷһ飬ķ򣬾ȻҲʼ𣬺֮ǴɼͳͳǶ۾һȭ֮¡
ৣ
˲䣬Ƕ۾һ˫ƳֱӰκʽ÷飬ȻʧоȻһһӰûС
ɶ񡭡Ȼܴӱ£ߣ
Ƕ۾֮ΪһȭѾѴڣһӰǶ۾Ȼŭǣ¶ɭɭЦݣ˫ͫȻβ۳֮Уϳ졣
ץס纺˵־ѡߣ޷뿪֮󣬲һգֻڣҲڣ̫ˣڿҵѵټ£ǻӵȥҪţ
Ƕ۾ʼջ⣬зӡҶ纺ϢȻתӿͻȻǣﲻܱ֪Щʲô¶첻ˣñƣͳͳʧɣ
ͻͻͻ
һɹǳ⣬Ƕ۾ɽ編ܣʱɨﺣգۼ䣬ƽ˾ΪһƬʯɫʣһӴĴڣΪһʯҵ
治ģ֮
Ų֮ԭ࣬û˿Ϣֻмž沨
һȺ
˲ɱǿڣǶ۾۾ûգ£ת֮Цˣ
ಡ
һǶ۾ʱû֮У

Ƕ۾ĺжĥɱ¿һŹʮ治Ҫϡ
֮УҲ֮£Ҷ纺һɫ֮УϳɫȥҶüͷһɫâʩչ龻֣ϷһС
ڣôϣ纺ͻȻһƳܿظӱ顣
ҪϣϣӦ֮ϣշӡǶ۾ǹµϢ׷ɱţһ־޷ԿͲᵽˣɿóôģ
˼ȥԽİ
ǰҵĵУûҵϢûҵڣ
ڸĺףͳ˷ڵ磬һɹȻŤһͬһŻҴǿԻ
õطǺõط֮£˺γɵȻ½֮еλ籩
ҶȿҾ޴ķ磬ҲһʱĿɿڴ̫꣬λȥ£ʥɽʥʱλࡣ
ߣ
纺ʩչһӡһɺӷͻȻͬͨ纺Ҷ֮̽УʱǰһƬҡҡҷҷϰڶ·߶С
ڷ粻ϰڶ룬ҶȾͿĺ磬УҲ޷ȥ÷顣

ֻһ˾ͳһƬ̫ϢŨصˮ磬Ҷ۾һֱȻƯһ޴һӵǣˮʣεذա
ﰡ
ˮ֮УҶԣȻܵͬԴϢҲ˵ǰǣſ׽ָһ̳ϢһģһΪǶص硣
Щˮʣǵǿʮּ̣Ҳʣϧ޷գ̫̾ãγȻ磬ҶߣﲻᱻѹȣҪһˣԶᱻ
纺Ԧ⣬Ҷȷǡ
ȷɽ編֮ϣ·ѣֲú޷Ը㣡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ׸飬纺ߣκ˶ܽ滹кһ޷̤
Ϣ
ˮ֮ǰҶȶʱоָоŷʱգǣĪһиС
֮УȻ˴ҵż
纺ȴ淢֣ҶȾôȻȻǣǿûҶȣԼ۾ϵĵ־϶ųǴȴûų㣬ĪǣҲ־У
ֱ˵ˣȷ˶ǵõ־ĴУôֶΣ
Ҷ̹Ȼϡ


605 
Զ־У
ɲǼ䣬纺ϣű޶ɡ
ҶԵ޼˻ףص̫С˿ʼУõ󴫳Уʴǧ˭ܵõ󴫳У󴫳ߣããɽҲࡣ
纺磬κ˶˽⣬ҶȵĲŻֶΣѾĨȥӡ
õĴУҲ߶ʣԶԶԽɽ編Ƕ۾ֻҪסǳۣҲѣ編ΰӡڴˣ
ˮ磬ȫͷŵʥҫ͸˸ˮϢ໥ӳá
ҶȲ׿ˮâʣԶ֮ԭٵʯҪֲ֣Խκ籾ԴʣǵͼܿģˮǱ̲ҶǰԷӳ
ˮںϣھͽǣ뱾ԪҪӿٶںϣǶ۾Ҫ׷ɱ
纺˵꣬ɲǼ仯ΪһӰͷˮͬҫವһ£ͷǲʥ֮С

ʣҶȶһˣƵվһˮâǰ˫ͫб⣬ɽκ˶޷Ƶʣȴԡ
Դ̤ɽ磬ұηηţֶ죬ʲôѩͼңšû뵽֮ԭ֮У˻ֻҪղҵİ֮ٴѱ䣬˵Ϊİ֮壬ʵҲɾʲôһ̤ɾ߽ס
ŶĿʥ⣬Ҷɣɽ磬һֱͷţãʵʵڵСڹ꣬ڿԻָ½µġ
ԣָڲ̳ʯǵɣǰǻҪۺ̳ҶȻ޷ȫգǴ󲿷ַӡҶȶһһڻ
һ
Ȼ䷭һģص̫⣬ʱӵ֮ӿͬգʥãҶɣʱˮĤ֮ϡ

ʣҶȻһƣˮ֮ϣȻ˿Ҷȷȫľ̫ȴûܵˮ赲緢˿ﶯҡҡҷҷ͸ˮ֮С

籦ʯˮõ̫֮ͻȻ䣬һɳԽɽ編Ģͷţӳˮռ䣬ʱռһĻѤ⡢ϼⲻϽڣ߲ͬ񷡣
ֻͬҪһԾͲᲵ⣬̫ǿޣڰĹԣĳһ״̬£ӵͬϢ
Ȼˮľ̫ˮ磬ҶȾʲôʹ඼ˡ
ˮҶˣһȥӲҲˡ
ӵ̳Щˮ˵޹ؽҪΪ̫޷ۺԡ
Ҷһͺ赲ˮ磬оһ嫵֮УκһϢѪڡտ
ҪҶɵΪ԰ˮȫڣɣ̫ͣʵֻ̫ܰװЩʣ֮£ǵҶһ޵ϳΪˮ
ҶȾ㵵ǣˮһƬҫʵȴһּӲޱȵʣֻΪޣΪԪأһϣǱҪ̵ĴڣּӲʱ纺۶޷ˮ
Ƕ⣬ֻҪ纺ˮɽû˺Ƕ۾Ҫץס纺ں纺Уȡǡ
ҪһطǶôʹĥ
ǡ
ˮ룬Ҷڼһ޴Ļƽ𵰿ǣʮɾ޴󣬵Ϸһֳƣѷͷŵ⣬ͬâ棬ɫġ
˷ӡķӡȥģһ󣬿ܶ޷֡
ͷŵϢָ̳һģһ̺ԹâһɰȻǣҶȳ𺳣ûκİУھռ仹֮Уϰ編Ҳڡ
ڲ㡭
Ҷȳʥʱ纺ѴƮ촫ϸ˿˪纺ƽʱЩͬ
㻹ȫӦռһһǶ۾ĬĬǱ
Ҷ˫ֻӶͷڵǴ⣬ģҶ죬ڻƽ𵰿֮ϡ
ˢˢˢ
½꣬ͬ˯Ȼһ㣬⣬ɫɵķӡ󣬶ʱڵǱ˸Ư
ݡ
ͬʱҶͷŸۺԣϽǣ߶ķӡ󣬲Ԫ־Ҳʼ͸ķӡ֮С
ǣ
ķӡԭŤû磬ҶѰԴͷ֮ʣͻȻ̵ĵǣ˲ɻƽ磬͸
ǵķӡ󣬵õҵĴϢ֮̾ʹ߶ҵ̫ϢƺҲϢ֮ϣ
ͻ仯Ҷţͷŵԣķӡʼʲͬ򽻣Щų⣬ջ໥ںϡ
ǣҶȾʹӱ͸ڲ磬һƬͬ̿տ㡢Եɫˮںˮ֮Уҡҷһ̳̳һλͷʥʥϢĸ߹Ů
߹ϢǲԣɽԣҲǵĺڰõʥŮ¡
ŮΧȫǴʥ⻷һۣŷþëɣԴͷų
ֻ˫ֺһڶĿԹâ£ʱǿʢʱ΢Թâ΢ʱҶȾͼŮգ纺
纺Ǳ纺˿̵֮ǰľòʥϢһ˿㣬һԪʥ࣬ȻΪһ壬ûκε볾ƤӨۻͬӤҹ˿ܿƤһѪ
֮ǰǸ纺ͨɫȹʮȻǰ纺ͬòȻϢ֮⣬Ͷ˲ڷĸ߹ʥ࣬ŷŮӵŵ㣬ʥࡢš߹
𣿡
ͻȻ纺׿Ҷȣ̼ǻһЦ޹ȺնʱڲӵԵĺˮռ䡣
û
ҶҲ֪ôˣˮͬԴںϣڲɫˮѤֻ纺޶ˡϾòʣݵĹϵ
֮ҶȻǵһһŮǰ
纺ֹݣ˵ĿҶȣûһ˿ܣʶһ£ҽ纣ΪǺĻһԽ纣
纡
ҶֳѪԷյıɫһ


606 Ƕ۾
Щֽ⿪ܣѸӦһǿڿǶ۾ˣ
Ҷյģ纺һ죬üһĵǣָ䳷ǵ˵
ôຣڣƱɱδǣﶼЩǣڲˣ
ҶȻعԺȴһֱ޷ɢ纺òһһЦԪȻۣǰ͸ڲռ䣬ʱʧķӡȻǰ纺򱻷ӡС
ಡ
ҶԪۣʼϯķӡģʼҶǿʼһ㣬һһڲҡҷһٿȻɵһϹӡ
ΪƻĶʧµģȻǲȱȫġ
һ侲ط޵ģ·ӡ𻵣ʧԵʡ
𣿡
һ־ӰѷӿǱǿ£纺־Ҷߣ˫ͫڴһǽڣȻǼ᲻ɴݡ
纣ԵƬ̣ЩĹϣǿҪһȥ⣬ھһ⣬һ淭ɽ֣
纺УҶ̿ʼж˫ͫǿʢ⣬һƬ֮ϣҶڣ˲ӿǿԡ
ΰĺ󡭡֮񣡡
ΰ־壬ʥʥŮ
֮ģʥƷ򣬽ٷ硭
Ƶ֮Уֳһɽ֣ǴҵģҶϣӡƻֳģֻһֿ纺ò׷ʱ
һοŪ
ۡ
ʩչƽĵҶȣҲ޷֣ƽ̫ľһɢغ˼
ģԼԦھռ䣬ΪнָҲƽ̳֮ʮġ
ʱ˿̣ҶֻоڼɢҲ޷Уһֻʳ˯ĸоתԪʼӿԪ˲𽥻ָȻ
Ҫһ㳬ۣƽ֮ҲУ
纺ͬһˮҶһƣǵԣӿҶ壬纺һԣ΢ЦҶȣò˼飬ܰķҵĲּ䣬ҵݣʲôĺΰĺ壬ҵĽ٣ܿΪĳ˶ҵļӡ޷ȫָ
ϧ޷ƽǵʲôڣģдһЩϵķţΪ޷룡
õ纺ԣҶָ̻ƴֿ磬ʧεҴﵽɵ۾ſȫڤڤ֮УҸоǣƺһڲһصĪᵽġ֮ġ
Ǻ֮ģ
ɲǼ䣬ֻ纺һۣǰһɫ˸Ө⣬ͬˮĹҫ纺ۣȷһҺΪһ壬Ҳںһ壬֮Խ֮УΪ֮ģΪǵ뺣֮ںϣװҽУҪܰѺ֮Ƴǣұ
֮ġⲻһֺȻľʣΣһľ
Ҷ֮޷˸ȻΪݺᣬҶȸ޷Щ򣬲ţ½򾫻ʴڡ
Ҳ͸ֻ֮꣬аѺ֮Ƴǣҵһּ֮أҲ֮ܳҪԹܼޣɽ磬ǣﻹгԵĵط
纺֮ͫУ˸ŵΡ
ǿɲһҷӡǶ۾ٽھͲڵİأԿķӡ
Ҷ֮ǰٴͷķӡ磬ġԿʼǰӣ޾
纺ʧ֮ǰعڲ硣
ֲãֲã纺֮Уֲô꣬޷ӦϢ
ҵǰһȺӰϷǶ۾־ͶӰ⻪̰ǰ

ڲУһϯ󣬲ϵطˮ֮ͷƤ顣
ƣ
Ƕ۾־ͶӰ߽ͬ˺ֱײɱ֮С
ͻͻͻ
Ƕ۾һ̣һײһ磬ˣǶ۾ʼĦײֻǶ۾ھ飬ײһε޷֮㡣
û뵽ƬԵ
Ƕ۾һ޷㣬ϱĥɣڼȻǿʢɵۼͷ
ǾͷȻ֮£ҲԵСɽۣӵ߽ʵɽ磬ȴҲ޷ȻܼǶ۾־ҫԽȲѣǱɳ
κʣɽȻһɽĸȥ⡣
Ƭƣڤڤ֮бޱȺ嫡
뿪ڲ磬Ƕ۾Ư֮Уƿʼָüͷɭɫ֮ޱҶӦֻƬȷǶ۾ٸ£лӳ֮ԭ𣬽ٰɣ

Ƕ۾־ͶӰһƣֻʮ˵⻪ʮ˵⻪ת֮УֳһصĴ󷨡

һǹ˸ţǶ۾־ͶӰڲϼһǳҫиӰԺɨƣϼٷ
ӰһС㣬ܿ޵оͷһɫ۵Ƕ۾ˣһ룬ڻңݣȴûж߷緶ϳֳаɭɭЦݡ
ɡ
Ƕ۾ٿһڷɳ󣬶־ͶӰһ־ͶӰ뱾ڡ
뿪֮ԭĴɵΪֻӵ˽ʵ˽ףҵɵ֮ɽ磬޵еĴڣɵ֮壬޷ƻ
Ƕ۾޿ֵЦɽ編̫Ϥƾɵ֮Ȱ˼ʮӲȣվűҲκ⡣
ɵ۵Ŀ֮
ĽȻÿ
Ƕ۾ȲΪ˶ȡΪӹ֮ԭĽֱӲ磬ֻһȻδӴͱ飬Ƕ۾мط
䣡
ֻҪǶ۾ֱ飬Ƕ۾֮ǰ־ͶӰ粽Уڣκ޷赲Ƕ۾Ų
ɵ֮ܣԾѹɽ編򣬴κǶ۾ֶΡ


607 ۼǿߵ
Ƕ۾ˣ
ˮ룬Ҷһԣһ־ͶӰѷ֮зɳ纺־˫ͫ˸⡣
úãƻôãʼǰϻҪϻ¶ȥɵۡɽǿĵˣ
ҶվһɹͫΪһ壬Ҷ¶Цݣһƿأһ߶Ƕ۾⣬֣ѹ
纺ŵϧұУҪǲұΪԸǶ۾ɵ۵Ϊ£һоͽ㣡
ײ
ҶָһѪһץڲһԣʼѪ
ֻ񼶷ӡҶ˫ֲʩչǲԣͬϢҶһѪںϡ
һ
纺ٴζݣû뵽ҶʩչһǾ󴫳УȻͬСɣܼ޸
ţΪݵʱ䣬ָ纺𾪵ؿǰһһģһԼ
ѪӳϢƬ򣬵ķɵҲ޷жߣҵľѪӵвԣҶߣǶ۾޷ģ
ԼҶҲΪ⡣
ȻѪ֮УӵԣϢһģһͬһޣԼ޷۷ֱֻƾѪֱܷ٣ϧʵ̫ҼӳĽʵںһ𣬸ӻǶ۾ţҲ㣬ѹǶ۾
ৡ
纺־ع֮ڣգ֮䣬һΰӡѷ֮Ҷ纺Ϊһ塣
纺ǿĽ֮ϢȻƮޣˮ籾Դǽײ֮ķܣͬʮ˽׿һ
Ƕ۾ˣ
Ҷȼڵ纺ɲǸӦ𶯣һΰ־־֮£ҶȼԿǶ۾ֲΪϯҪκܡ
Ȼƾ־ѹңϣ
Ҷ纺ͬʱһˮϿգܿʼʩչ纺µķӡ߶ˮ޴󷨣Ȼˮһ󷨿ʼڣϢ˸
ˮ֮⣬ͿˮĤ磬ͻȻʥ˸׳ʰ쵵ˮâ
Ͽռ֮С
ͻͻͻ
ˮ磬޴ڴ߶֮ʣݺˮڷڣһӰƾ˴룬ˮǰź۵Ƕ۾˫ˮ磬ʱ̰Ŀ⡣
ռ󷨣ףϧɵۣСС󷨣赲κڱͨ£ͳͳ߽⣬飬ҵģ纺Ϊ󷨣ʲô
Ƕ۾Уâֱ޷侲οɵΪڵͼɽ绹˼ɣ
ֻһˮռ֮ϣ󷨳ֳˮռʱĿҫ硣
꣡
ˮռֳĿҫ֮ʣǶ۾һƣ޴¶˳ֱһƾͰˮռĵϡãκιϵķӦ󷨿߹һˡ
Ƕ۾ǰ磬СӹҼҡ

Ƕ۾һƾͶˮʱЦȻһʹ֮ˮռڲ磬κҲز
Ƕ۾޵ò񣬲׷ɱķĹ
Ƕ۾֮ɱˮռ䣬Ҷܾͷڲռ֮ǰ纺Ƕ۾ȵ
Ƕ۾ͷž˹ˮռ赲磬ȫˮռԿϣɭɭһɨĿҶϣСӣգҪʬΣ
䣡
Ƕ۾Ȼϲŭ޳׽ҶܷӦʱ䣬һգҶȺݺץ
ˮռκεȻ޷ֵǶ۾һƣ
̫ӣ
ҶȿûϵǶ۾ɱͻȻ׼˫ִ߶ӡһϵĴӰʱ纺ܡ
񡭡
Ƕ۾һƣΪӡڴӰ֮ϣӡ޵УѴӰֱķɰףڵҶȣɫ԰ţӰʧҶҲһѪ
Ҷȿɲװģ
ϻףڣǶ۾߽ȻȫһƣȴҲҶ޷ܵģǰʩչͳӻ⣬ҶȲҲҪˣҶΪܿʵ漣ˡ
ѾﵽҶȼޣ
Ƕ۾ԭһھҶʮ⣺Сӣû꣬ΪһĿˣɱ㣬
Ƕ۾ҵĵҪɱˣң
纺ܣǡôվ˫һ£ˮռԶ㼯УΪһɫˮҫ
ߣ纺ǱˣԪ񣬱ģɱ㣡
Ƕ۾а纺֮ͫУ̰̰
ǾͱҲ
纺ܹϳ֣߶Ľƣ屬ѩɫˮҫݺݵǶ۾

ɫˮҫ֮󣬶ʱˮۼˮƺҪǶ۾ҲΪˮɨɫˮҫӵоۼ󶼻ΪϹ
纺ĽΪǱ֣㿴ʲôɵۣ
Ƕ۾ͻȻֻ仯Ҷ纺УǶ۾ȻŤˮռ䣬һɿռŤ֮ǺݺײҶϣҶȾͱײˣŤ֮ͬһ৾Ͳס纺ܣκεȻǶ۾˼ʵ£Ȼ޴档
ɵֶΣ
ҶȰգȫľÿҪɢܣڴ飬Ѫȴû˿ʹ࣬Ϊʹľʧȥ˸о
ܵҶʷصһΣھûң޷ƣҶڵǸţСɱ
Ƕ۾ɵ۵߽׵ʵҶ顣
纺ȱɱСӣԪ񣬶ȡĵӵһеǶǱģʵɣ򣡡
Ƕ۾ȻѴ֮ץס纺ܣĽ׵Ұ纺
һУһУҾܵشһǶ۾ֻóʵ
һ̣Ҷֻᣬر޶š
Ծ֣ΪֶΣκһУһδ⣬п䣬ղһΡ
򡭡
ҶȻվҪǱãΪһſ׵
һҶȾӵʵ
ҶɾŽףӵնɱɸ߽׵ʵôһ߶ӵǻֵ̬ز


608 ɵ۵
ʩչ߽Ҷˣ֮ƽӵĽ׵纺ܣǶ۾ȫɵֶΣ֮ҶȰȵСӣʣһˣ츩׶˵һ
չһѡ񣬱ȥһʱ죬ǷӡǶ۾֮ʣ
Ҷȫ˺ѣʹɢվ⣬ڷӡ߶̫¯ƺƵ̫һӿϯȫ
עǶ۾ʵίʵ£һ֮䣬ͰӵĽΪ纺ܽҶɾŽΪǶ֣ʵһ룬ҶȾпܱǶ۾ɱ
Ҫ֮ԭؼ񣬵õɳͱӡǶ۾Ҫع֮ԭҶҪٶȡɳֱǳ˵Σңɼһ겻ڴ鸽ͼҵ鷨ߣͻ뾡ӣĥҶȣʹɱ֡
ͼңѩҲ绢ѩҪ£ҶȣĿģ˭ҲҶֻһѡ񣬲ƽɱ֣ȥͶ棬ɽıʵ̻
ˣ
غҶֶؼͷǾǷӡǶ۾κΣȻӭж⡣
Сӣ˵˵ȻִԲǱµһֻϣɱ㣬һָͷ
ͻȻ䣬Ƕ۾չϲŭ޳ɱ˶ɫ飬һΰ߽ƣһָǿ
ܡ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶԺͻأһ˿⣬ԭҪ⿪ӡǿ״̬Ƕ۾Կǻ龻ֺȻ˶ƺڤڤ֮ھϸϸ˼⣺Ƕ۾̫ǿɵۡɵ۵޷ɱƵԻΪѪأκˣǶ۾߽ʵһɵܣҾǿҲӵɵʵȻɱ
ɲ˼һҶȾͱ쳣ζ֣ΪǿǿУɵۣɸ޷սɵۣһ򣬿ûͻ磬㱬Ҳ޷ﵽԤ߽ʵ
ԣòΪӪ
ħһʱҶȾͼħҲɵۣʵˣͿԻΪѪأκǿУǶ۾߽ʵһӵɵۼֶΣ
ɾκԿɵҲֻüȥʯͷȥҧ̫ʵ
Ҷȱøıսԣʤκμƻ仯仯
칭
һץ߶Ʒħ칭ٴγҶУһɹħħ֮ͷŶ
Ƕ۾֣һ칭ɫһħƷʣھɽ綼ϱֲһ·ŴζԿɱ𺣵ԭǿħ
Ƕ۾ҪɱңҾưɣдɱˣҲѲƤȡҲȡ˾֮˭ӵУ
Ҷһʼ취ԻǶ۾
ɾںܶԿֶΣܴĦģСӣ
Ƕ۾Ȼϲŭ޳һ䣬˾ͬһ㻮ˮռ䣬κˮռһ飬ֱ̮ӳҶȺ
ǿһ
ҶȿƸ޴ӣɣǺǱеһӵһװƣӳ칭֮ϣ۳һʥǹɲǼ칭
͡
ʥǹӵҶǿټ칭ּҶȴ߶ͷһ
ʱ˿ȫӳڹʥǹ֮ϣʥǹħеĵ֮ԵֱӶƿռ䣬һռ䣬ͬķܣǶ۾ȥ
ǿһҶɽ磬ǿ״̬ǵһɽ磬ɱ칬նɱҲδʩչ״̬칭Ҷȫ
ҶʣʥǹԺɨһס׾ͷסĽǿߣܶҪܵ˺
ܶԿĽһµǿߣܶԿǶ۾߽ʵңǶ۾һɵۡ
ҶȵļޣԿǶ۾ʵҶ֪

ֻ顢𵴵ˮ룬Ƕ۾ͬаףŴӵʵĹʥǹһץһڹʥǹ֮ϣǶ۾߽ƣͬٲֱء
ʥǹޱǿɲǼ䣬ͱķѣҫӳ˷Ƕ۾ͬ㱬Ȼ֮еռݺݵһɨ𵴿ռͬըʯƬҶȷڡϯ
ҶȴʱɳĮеһʯӣ籩ֻб³
һǿ󡭡̫Сɽ̨ޱߣҶȻʲز¶칬Ƕ۾ֳǿߣҶȸǿʯͷ
վĿռǰƺԺˮҶսǺεֶΣε˵ССɣ桢ͳ߽ǿߣҲֵܵסǶ۾
ֻһ֮䣬ҶȲſһɽĿɽΪʲôǸ̨ΪǶ۾ֲֿڣ
ǧͼ
ռƬҪûҶ֮ʱҶȰʩչǧͼңʩչ龻֣ޱߡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷʩչ龻ָӸû龻ܵκ壬κĹܣϴǧͼˮռɲǼ䣬ڿռ֮ʣҶȾһ̳ںˮռ֮С

ҶʩչͨǶ۾ֲʩչ£Ŀռ췭ڵĺɨҶڵĿռ䣬ռһ飬ӿֲøͣκεʣȻ޴档
˵һɣһҪ飡
̫ˣСӡ
Ŀռ佥ƽɽ編ռϣǶ۾ԶһҶʧĵطһץȻ칭Ƕ۾˼ۣʮ봢䣬ɭɭЦϾϣ޹ԣ뱾ԣ³
ߣ
Ƕ۾һ˦ŭδȥתˮ⻵ǣԹԣǶ۾ִµľͷˮﰡǶ۾ģ
৵һǶ۾ͳˮ⻷⣬ɫһˮ⻷˺󼸲߽ˮ⻷ʧ
ֲ޷׷纺ڣˮȱ֮ԭʯпֲǿ
Ƕ۾ֳǿʵˮռ䣬ǽͬˮ⻷ˣѪ
һɽɵ۾ͷȻͼɽܵ谭εȵ赲ɵ۵Ĳ
ȻԽǿԽǲȱҪĪ⣬ϧ纺Ϊû취޷ͻĵˣķֻҪķܿȡ
ʧܣǶ۾Ϸһ׵ĹЦ


609 Ҳ
ȡ
ˮռϢʱ֮УҶˮռͬϢҫˮռںϡ
дǧͼɵҲ޷Ҷȴڡ
дǧͼ龻ͨ޷׶ԿǶ۾ռ֮ˣȫ߶칭տҲɸɾͷһǱز
ڣû¡
ˣǶ۾ֲ֮£ʬǡͳͳȻ޴棬칭Ƕ۾ϣͿɿղǿֲ£ҶȾ칭ᶼûС
칭Ƕ۾ϣҲҪصϣҶȵĶô˶ߡ
Ҷȿ·ˮҫǶ۾취ƽ룬ЦҺûѡ߶Ƕ۾濹⣬Ƕ۾ȻԤ֮УҪǿʮҪǿʼʧȥȻʧȥ̵ֻˮǶ۾ڽ£
Ҷȴ߶ʩչֶΣǶ۾֣嶤¡
纺ҪǶ۾˵أͷűʵǶ۾ɱ纺Ҷȵ˼Ҷȼ纺ˣǶ۾֡
ԸǶ۾ֻʩչˮڲǵΰòɽѹǶ۾ϲߣǶ۾߾ȫ໥ɱ˶ǭ¿³ʤߣ϶Ƕ۾
Ѿ֤ҶȵѡǶôȷ
ڻܱҶԿǶ۾ǮĿǰð취Ƕ۾Уˮռ䣬ȻˮʱУĥװѹǣ
ҶȻţһ취ȪӿԸǶ۾ӿʼɳص񣬶һƻõģҪʱ̣ϾҪ١
ˮʣһ֮ߣɵۣȴҲǸ߽ɵۣ뿪֮ԭʵ˽ףܶԿֻ纺Ԧ纺ȥУ
ɣ
ˮâǰǶ۾һֱ취νˮڲȡǣżΪˮ磬˴ɽûбǿĴڣ֮߾
ڰ취һ߶Ҷֵ֮纺ܣ˲Ƕ۾ɳֻܱһסһʮָӵɵۼӡǷֹ纺뿪ֶΡ
¾߽ףҲ޷ӳָ߼ӡ
纺Ҫ־ȡԪĵȡڱģȱںڶԪ֮ԭƿأʱ뿪ǣһԿޣ
Ƕ۾аһ纺ܣڴԽȻ˫һģ纺ܺ󱳣עһɹǿľ

һԹԣɲǼ纺ڼǶ۾ҲͷųںԪ־ӳ纺ܣ纺ԪȻ߶纺ʼӴˮĻ
һϵиֶΣɵ۵ĸֶΡ
ٿ
ֻһĻˡ
Ƕ۾Ԫ־ӳֿ纺ܣ߶ˮĻ֮УȻûκų⣬Ƕ۾ʱ¶ҰЦݣаɭɭƶ纺৵ؽˮ硣
ϵˣ
˿̣Ҷȴˮռֳ߳һˮռϷһطӡһɹˮռͬ⣬ӿˮĻ֮С
ﾹȻǡǺεȵ粻纺ǿ϶ǷıһܳΪıڶԪ񣬵ʱɽϣЩۣҲǱ֣
ԸԳˮռ䣬Ƕ۾Ǹ޴ǣˣߣ𺳣ֻ˵ѾȫԽ
ǿҵɣ
Ƕ۾Ҳ޷侲ֱӰ纺ܣ˫ֻǿҪ׶ȡ纺־Ȼһǣٶȡ纺ıܶȡǡ
Ƕ۾Ŀꡣ
ҶȺε˼Ͳ³һֶΡ

Ƕ۾ȫҪ纺֮ʣǶ۾벻鷢ˣƿ˫֮纺ܣȻͬĭƵģһ¾ըΪһˮͬ⣬ʧ
ô£
̫ͻ仯Ī⣬Ƕ۾δӦͼһġ纺˲仯Ϊ⣬ʧ
Ƕ۾θ˰ɣ
ʱǶ۾󷽣Ҳˮռ⣬ҶȻӰԽسֶ
Сӡ㾹ȻûһжĹǶ۾͵ת˫Ѫ죬ö챬ըˣҶȵУ޲һȥ
ҶһɨֶôףǶ۾ڲŷֲԾ̫ˣڴڴ֮У̵֮УԶҲܿҪǰֻŵζȴ޷ԵƵ£Īڴˣ
û뵽֪ô࣬СӣԷ٣εΪΪء߹ߣǣӵޱǿԣֻҪһʱ䣬ںʱɱʬΣб£ͽôʰ㣬̫ˣ
ȻɵǶ۾Ұ֮УҪ㣬СڣζԿ㣿ѵҾͲ֪ߣߣʱ䣬ɱ
Сӣһ˵еСҺҿ㲻һˣ֣ȡΪҪһ˶̣ûôθڣ԰㣡
û뵽Ƕ۾һȻϲŭ޳뾡취ҪԸҶȡ
Ƕ۾㲻ǰʹ˵ʲôˣһ׶ûãǸ㣬ҴûȡҪĴɳҾĥ֪һ뿪֮ԭʵֻ߽ףɵۣԸ߽ΪѵͻЦ
Ҷȸϵּıһ۾Ϳˣ֪Ƕ۾ʲôˣɱ¾飬˵Ц֮䣬ͿժȡǾͻᱻԵͷʣ
ɳɶСӣǺĿģ֮뱾ΪУǾ֮ԭ£жã޷ڲ꣬ԱҲʲôʱɱǳۣҲҪժȡͷ
Ƕ۾ָֻаģһɨΧƺмģˮɱȻҲ˫֣Сӣ̫ˣɵۣþͻɱƽ֣㣬ѹϷΪǸҲѹϷܿˮ纺㻹ʲôֶ뱾⣿
ˣǶ۾شܿǿռӹΪ纺Ҳߣ
ҶһݣȻ䣬ͷųһ޼˻ס


610 Ϊ
ߣ׹⣡
Ƕ۾Ҷչֳ׹⣬ϢɭȻ˫ͫͷֺ־Ŀ⡣
ߣǶ۾߬ȭͷҶȣû뵽һͨɣȻһͬߣССһɽ磬Ȼ֮С󣬳ߡ
Ҷչֶ޼˻ףǶ۾һҲİ֮ϷҶȾʩչڰ׾סǶ۾־ͶӰǶ۾˵һֱĳ衣
øߡ㵹ܲأ֪ȶ㣬ڶԪ񣬲ô̫ͣ
Ƕ۾¶ЩڣΪɵۣޱģܿ侲ǲҶȵһ£ǰҶ϶ǡ
Ϊɵ֮޿֣ߣҽվҪѹ֮УΪʮף
ҶȲ˷ʱ䣬չֶΣҪԸǶ۾Ƕ۾ſ£ٰӡ֮УǶ۾Ե״̬Ҳ޷ѹҶҲûôǿʱ
ҪǶ۾ûκͬˣٴ߶ӡУôֶΣΪҶ纺ûɱǶ۾ΪǶ۾ɵۣûκͬħһΪѪأ˭ɱ
ѳƷӡ½Ļ̫ʼҲͬΪͽɵۣûֶγɱƣֻѹ֤ɵۣǺɱġ
Ҫʲô¶Կ
䣡
Ƕ۾Ȼǿռ䣬ֲһǳҺɫֱ𵴶ȻΧһɿռ䣬ʯΪǳҰɫڡ
ʮףͻưɣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȽ⿪ǿӡڲƺƵӿڣ̫¯̫һӳؼǣҶȽ⿪˵ڲ𵤵ķӡ
ͻͻͻ
ǿ⿪Ҷ޷ܣǺƽֳ֮磬ֱ֮ϵ硣
Ƕ۾ЦУһģͻʮףôͻƴɾҺΣ
߳߳
ɲǼ䣬ֻɽٷƿĺˮֱſˮռ¶֮£Ľơ׵硢زϷڣһɹɵ֮ʼӽƽ١
ǲΣȴԣ
Ҷգеˮٷ𿪣һɹ֮ʼҶȣҶչգ˾Υı񷣬̫ãЩۣϤĽƣҶЦ˻
ʮ״٣ʲôɾǳ֮٣ɾȴǹ̽𵤣ӳĽ׶Σ֮ƺƵʮ٣ҶǶ۾Ĵ
ʮףֱӸƣ
Ϥƽٻ¯֣ʼҶ֮ʣҶһȭץƽٻ¯һȭ
һƽٻ¯߹һ飬ʱҶȾ͸ܵƿһαƣϸڷɱ䡣
ɾ٣
Ҷոͻʮף̴ﵽ״ָ̬ܵƣ˭̫嫡
ԭ٣һɾݣҶͷŵ̫ǿֱֳɾٵϢȻҶȼӰƺʱͷ츲׵ž˸š
֮ϻصʣķĺܵϢ׷ߡ
СǸ̥ߣĪǣٶԸңܣǷôȥɽٷ򣡡
Ƕ۾һνģɾƲϷƾ۱䣬Ҳݡ
ҶȲͷڷӡսƾͲϿֲᣬ֮ƣֱδţԶһͻɾҪǿ
ͣ
һɴ٣ڷ֮γɣֻһ޴׵磬ȻнٻΧϵҡڣҡҡҷҷͬٷ򣬻ͻͻ½Ҷȱ۶
ž粻ߣԽվɽ߷壬ٷԽ
ҶȿźƺƵĻһͶشٴȻκ˶£ҶȣҲԡ
޼˻ף
̼䣬ҶվգԽĻ˫ִһӡԵĺڰףΧγɾ޴׹
䡫͡
һɴٻ޵ĻҶʩչ׷֮ϣҶֻоһƺҪǿֲ֣ٻĻף׷Ҷȡ
ڰ׾ɱ
Ҷȳٹ˫һ֣׷Ȼֱ׵Ϊһص׹⣬Ҷ߶׷ʧմ˸ֱӳڲݺȥ
Сϵù죬Ȼں׵Կɽ編ΪβܵУ
Ƕ۾ҶȾȻܿ׵磬ŤˣʱûӦǴ׹⣬ûܵԿֱӴǿռ䣬׹ΪһʥǹǶ۾ʹ
Ĺʥǹȫ޼˻׵
ɳ򡭡
˿ֲһ̺֮Ƕ۾ҲˣȻʩչһɫˣƯɫɳƾǴǳɳǶ۾ǳɳеߡ

һĻҶȾòʵ
ɰǧ׹ʥǹոմǶ۾˭֪գ֮䣬Ƕ۾ɳɫɳʥǹոɫɳͱɫɳסһʥǹͱʯΪɫǳʡ
꣡
һƱĹʥǹǶ۾һЦʱʼ飬Ϊ˷ĩʧ֮С
ƣ
Ҷʩչѵһٻ飬Ȼƣüͷһ壺ɾʮ٣Ƕ۾˺жôֻдٷ򣬷ŭԸǶ۾
ɲǼ䣬ҶȶƸһ˼顢޷ķӣԺֳ
ɲҶȣҲ¶һ˿Ԥϵɫ
Ƕ۾ҶһһҶû˷ӣСӣûֶ˰ɣҲֻĥʮ֮һԱ˵ֻţһë
ţһë
ҶüͷһڵգֵɨǶ۾Цݣԭ붯øղǸ취ӣڣòֻΪܶԿ̬ǿǶ۾
ΪҶҪ֮Ҫ֪һ磬һλ򣬵һҲɶҡɷҪ˴ɷȻǷ飬ɷͷɽ編ǹһɽĸȻ̺С
һ£һأôôֲ顣
ͻȻ䣬Ƕ۾ɱ¾мЦˣҪ֪֮һɣ뱾Կעκѡ񣬱Ź㣬ӴȥɽκεطҪգ
Ҷ˫üһᣬգ


611 
Ƕ۾ˣ˫֣վɳ֮У϶Կ֪£СӣΪʱкαкŹ㣡
һɵۣһС£뵽Ƕ۾˿飡
ΪͳԶˣǶ۾ɽ嫣㲻ССɽˮڵǿ߶ѣԾ£ȻصĹΪؾ;ôС
ҶȭͷͻȻ֨֨߬ĿǶ۾ŲƣڶپҪ٣Ҷͫƺһ˿˿ߣԽƮ죬㣬ŷ֮Уʲô
Ƕ۾ֻһݺ㻹ʲôֶΣʹɣһˮȵϣʧȥģԶҲ޷ɵۣ
ݣǶħаֶΣ
νɱˣֻһ˲䣬˽ʹ࣬Ƕ۾ȴɱˣǿʵʧȥģԶҲ޷֮·߸ǰУģ㡢ǻۡ¸ҡνȵȡ
ЩǹɵĵĸҲν˸ʧȥ˸ʧȥ˵ģ˻ˣ硣
Ϊħʵʧȥν˸
𣿡
Ҷȱñ麷ȻȻ趯˫֣һɹԪ־ͣҶȴݶǿγһȴԵĳ磬͡ڶ
Ҫ
ŰǶ۾ǰϣͻȻһǰһƺȥסҶȣȴǹĻ
ҶƳǶ۾ڻţ¶ģЦ㲻˵޷Ը㣿ǺãұԷ٣Ҫ·ɽ編÷٣
ΪСӣ֪Ϊ죿һ˷Ϲɵ־ҲҪԺ֮Уٷ־ⲻܳܵģ
֪ҶҪٷ򣬵ҪɽԸǶ۾϶ˣţǿĿˣȴҲûɽ֮ϵʵɽ磬ֻде
Ƕ۾ɵۣȴҲǸ˶ѡ
־ôɽΣǶ۾ʵ㻹֪ҵֶΡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷͫաı飬ǻѵǣ֮ǰں֮ϣɱһ־ͶӰ𣿡
Ƕ۾壬˫üһᣬߣǣɵۣȻ£Ĩɱ־ܴ谡СӣɲҪ
·ҿɲǶ۾Ҷһ·ɾԿ㣬ȻӵĵƣЩ޷ģֵͼߣȣ
ҪΪ·򣬲ҵ־ҵ־ͶӰ·򣬶Կ־ɣ
ৡ
ҶһĻ󣬻һץľһӰȻǵҶȽǶ۾־ͶӰһǶ׷ɱ߶ɣͱҶɣоǶ۾־ͶӰҶһֱûĨɱ־
û뵽һ΢΢Ƕ۾־𵽴á
ܣ־ܱƿأɵ־СӣҲûΪβһ˻ºȻף
ҶչһͨǶ۾־Ƕ۾ֱˣɵ־ţǼɵҶȣɽ粻ķ
һ£һȺϣ㸲ֻ̣һֻǿ׳ϣܺ
Ƕ۾ֻǿ׳ϣκ϶֣ܺɽ
ڲ֪ˣǶ۾ֻƣҲϧеԸ㣬ҾٷҪȥԣ
ҶȸûаֳɣȥǶ۾Ƿϴ߶Ƕ۾־ʼ߶һӡһӳǶ۾־֮УղǴľ޴󳤺֮С
ǣҶ£Ƕ۾ɵ۰־£ųͬ죬ҡڣܣ޽ƺХȥ
찡Сˣ׷ˣ£ֻľѣ㣬Ϊֵ̫סٷᣡ
Ƕ۾û뵽ҶȻɲǼ䶯֣ɫ𾪡֣ɵɽ磬ȻƵֱ顣
ಡ
Ƕ۾߶ֲ֮£ɳͻȻһ㣬ɼӲɳͬһɳʯ̡ʵʣǶ۾ذɳʯ϶쳣̡
Ƕ۾ҲԿٷ
ɵۼǿߣȻطɱ㣬Ȼ޴棬ǲҵĿġ
ҶһЦǶ۾ԼɸӣЦøӲãʵҶһֱκ޷ɱǶ۾ȻħˣҪĥǶ۾ȵ;ƿݣٷӡ
Ĳ
ͻȻڶٵɴٽ֮УںҶʩչĳ磬һֱǶ۾־ԭĽƣֻǽٻ硢׵硢꣬Ȼ֮䣬ڶɴԾ
һ־ŷڽ֮ѣ
ͣ
еȻ÷׷ӿںһ޴ĺɫơŻ׵ľ޴ͬʱһɹԽ֮⣬ɽķŭ׷֮С
ŷеں֮Уʲôĵʮٷ׷׶Ϊһ١
졭
Ҷ亹ֱðĺ鿪ʼ˳ʣһץ˫֮䣬ͳһ޴
ҶռʬԼɵģ׵
ԭǶ۾ҶȶδʩչҪԸǶ۾ʹãǶ۾ѱҶȴҲһɽķԴݻκʣòó
ͷ⣡
ڱҪɽ磬ǵͼɽ磬һ׶޵оͷɽķҲ֮ϵģԼ߽ףɽ編Ҳʹ
ҶȲͻʮףͻɾûֻܶ򣬶Կ򲿷ɽ編ҪȻǼǶ۾ϣҶֻܷ֮һ
֮һҲԴݻκʣɱκɽ編ĴڣԺɨ
ɣӳ
ڣҶȶһ븹УɲǼ䣬ҶȰ֮ըԼ
ҶȶʱоԼǸˣվɽָۣ֮оǿеĸоӾÿϸһë˿һͷͿԻһɽһ񣬾ͲжϺ
װҶȱӵԽնɱǿеʵڣʵ¡
ףжɽĺʲôһָͷܵʯɽ𣬻һ־٣Ҫ
һ׵򣬱֮ҶںϣҶ̼ʹﵽʵԴﵽס


612 ɽ;ƿ
ףҶһ߶ͨʩչ컯ȭ޼˻׵ȵԷɱ׾ͷ
оףӵ׵ҪǶ۾֣϶ǲ֣Ƕ۾ǿֲ
õӳ֣ҶȲûäĿţĿأΪ֪Ƕ۾ǿ󣬼ʵҲǶ۾֣Ƕ۾ɽʯӰĲࡣ
Сӣԭ㻹̺ʵֲø뱾ΪУûǸ
ǹâ֮УɳʯǶ۾ͷڹƵģۼҶʵľ
һţ裬ȻֲɵӣȥԸԼǿĵˣо񸻶ȻȨϵ
Ҷȵǿȴɣûκˡ
Ĳ
ɲǼ䣬֮ϣƣڰޱߣеǽƻǽٻ׵籩ٳ֮Уɽ˷ķͻȻʧٳһֻ֨֨žҶǶ۾
ٳΧµ׵磬Щ׵ʮٻҲһǹڰͲɾǴɾһΰǿɵ۾
ٳΧЩһ磬Ǳһ趯֨֨ձ޴ٳݺ֮Ǻ࣬ؾɵսѡ
ͳӣ
ٳһ̣Ҷװʵķͳӡ
Ȼϵͳӣ֮б仯һסҶȣҶȾֵͳ֮С
Ҫɵۼʵܴ߶Ҷȴﵽ״̬ڿԴ߶ͳӲ
žડ
һ̣ٳ콵ǿֲûлУΧת磬ͬ׹ⳤޣʼͳӣ
ˣ
ͳӶʱ޴Ȼɽ編öǿֲޡ
͡
ͳһ𣬷Хֱ֮ӹҶȵԪ壬Ѫӿʹ³һڽɫѪ
ֲ£ԭɾ٣ʮһϣҶ״ݻ٣̤ɾڡʵͳӵȻǱٷˣ
Ҷȴʱļ²ѣΪٷʱҵĽ֣ûϵʩչȫҲȲٷ̫Ӵ̫ţ޷ƵĴڡ
ԶĺأǷ
㲻õ赲ٷһٷÿȫԸǶ۾û°ɣ
Ҷȫʹ֮ʣһϤ麣
ҶüͷչϲЦ纣㲻õңϧ޷ֻܿ㣬Ƕ۾ֲ̫ǿѾԽҵԤ֪
ļƻѾɹֻû뵽ɽ編޴ʹ࣬ԿǶ۾һٷ󣬴߶ǵڲԶУСġ
纺ϸ˿OO@@ʧȥ
ѾӡǶ۾ֻܽ纺һҪɽ٣ɾҪٳ⣬Ҿ޷ͻɾ޷ɷ򣡡
ҶҲϷԸǶ۾ͷԽļޣɴٶ˵Ҫġ
žžž
ҶȸǺξٷε׳ۡͳ֮Уȫ߶ͳӳٷһδα޴ÿһα޴򣬾ʹ֮
Ҷ϶Ѫ඼飬ԪƺҪʧоٷ֮£ͳҪ顣
һδεıٷҶȸоǰ̫ܵ죬һҪ߶ͳӣһֱٷʧҶȸоźò򣬾ôװ׵ؼӿʧڵѪ
Ҫ߶ūնɱκ߽ǿߣ
ˣ
ٷͳӵҶȣȫͳӵסͳӱȴܾ޴ƻϵشҶȣҶȸоתɽѡ
ҶȸǺγ
޴ûܵ赲޴Ƕ۾ڵĿռ䣬ʱ͵ɽ編ػ򱣻Ƕ۾ΧɳʯʯѲ㣬顣
Ƕ۾ͷƵģǱʩչɵɳʯԿ٣Ƕ۾ȫһ˷ж
ٷڲռ䣬ЩǼ纺ڿƶɡ
Ҷڵգٷ򲿷ͬ籩д׹ⳤޣһδεر޴ͳӣĻ桢ѩҲǶһ־ȭͷͳһδι
ͳ뷨£ҡ𶯡ҡΣ浣ʱ飬ôҶȣǾҶֵסɽ編ĳͷ
ɶ񰡣
뷨ҪǶ۾ǳԩͷʵûϵҶȻ붼뵽ֶζԸɵۣ֮ܵԭҲûϻ
ȫ֮ϣһδεĹǶ۾ɳʯ飬Ƕ۾ԽǱƺĵͷĵʼ
Ƕ۾ʹֱУɵ۸еơ
֣Ҫȥ
ͳڲҶȸоԪ󶼿ʧˣĵ߰˰ˣͳӱԴѾݽ߶ֻп޾־ȥ
ϧҲ޷ƾָڲֻ̳̳һǰ㣬Ҫֱ̳ɽ編ʲô
Ҷڣ˽𵤣еڷˣڵҲһգ̫¯Ҳ޷ȼգΪͱҶȳˣҶȵڵ;ƿݵĵز
ֻҶδⲻأǱ
û취˭ԸĲͨǿУɽ編־Ը֮Կֱһ¡
ʱ˿̣Ҷȼֻʣһ߿տǣһգ뷨ڲϹͳӣȥҶȿ϶ֲ֧ס
ǣҶȻҧ֣۽ǶѪҲڼţ
ɶ죬ɶϹɣһҪǲݣתǬ̤ѰǵʬǣǴң
Ҷ޷ֵʱǶ۾޷֣ѡ˳
ǣҶȾ͸оͳܵ˺ܶ࣬ʩչʣ߶һǶ۾ΧЩɳʯͳͳ߽⣬Ƕ۾չ˫ۣɽ編ҵһι
ϡﻩ


613 
Ƕ۾˳ܵͷɽ編һλˣˮ裬Ƕ۾һϴˮ
Ƕ۾ɽɵۣȴҲ޷ɽ編򿹺⣬ֹǶ۾ȴޣգǶ۾Ըɽ編ĨɱĥԷֿɽ編ֱӽҹ
ͳӣȥɣ
뷨ȥŷˣĿ꣬Ƕ۾Ѿ֮£ܵ޲ߣֻ̺һ˿£ĳͽѾʧ
ˣ
߶һ̣ͳӾͬϹžضƺ̩ɽ֮أһ˵ʧ
ΪͳǰαҶʩչٷƺͳҲܵһӰ죬ҪҶΪ̫ɵۣͳȫչְܣԿɽ編

ͳʧʱç񷣬ճҶǰܵشԪ̱뷨ˣɢҶȳɹɹɾΪһɣ
ž
Ȼ֮䣬֮ЩӸ߼׷ӿҶ壬֮󣬴ɽҲɷ
ҶȾ͸оܿƣһһδըӽŵ׵ͷӶ䵽ָ׷ױըϸը֮콵ɷ򣬿ʼϣǺѪʼڡ
Ǳըžϸ뾭
ִӻоֻһ޷ȥƣɽ紴취ϹɣɷҪΪҶȴɷ
ɽԪӿҶڣ뾭֮УϽڣ뵤ȫһʵϢ̤ɾеɷɾҲзһٷֲɡ
ɽ磬Ǳ΢ͼΪɣһˣҶٷ򲻼ˣȡ֮ʵ˵ҶȴӴһɣһõɽ編Ͽɣ뷨ˡ
ɷɢɷҶαըϸ΢ϸڱըҶȱ͵ǰ֮壬ε䡢õɷ֮һѱ䣬ɾʮҲ̤ɾʵҲѸߡ
ɴ٣ŭ˷ûֳ֪һͻƴɾ᲻󣡡
Ҷգӳ壬Ҳڴ߶̫̫¯ʼգֱվռ̳̫ܿһϯ
ɾȹ֮ͻһףĿǰΪͻ׶⣬һҪΪͻƴɾ׼
Ҷȸоˡ

ͻȻ·õǹ磬Ƕ۾ŭ˻Ƶŭ
Ҷ̴߶ǿռ俴ȥٷҲҪɢȥڷĥǶ۾ƺ˱޴ҶЦǶ۾Էܰɣб¾ͱ쳼
Сӣ»û꣬ҪȥһָɱƤȡģú
Ƕ۾ͷɢħаͷɭɭɱаҶȣ˫۶ѪȷʵĥùǺ
Ƕ۾㻹ڴǹལᣬ㷭Ըǣ
ͻȻǿռ䣬ʥ֮Уݳ纺˪ŷ;ź֮صʥһ㡣
纺
Ƕ۾ľѣƺܾǿǣʱɭɭĵĺȵߣƽȮۣƾǣԸǺãҶȵĳСӣıֽأֻ
ţ
ͬ˲䣬Ҷ纺ƺˣûϵѵǶ۾ƺֶΣǿߣῪЦ
̣
ʱҶȸо֮䣬Զƺһΰ־Ϊһ־֮ŷһ޵дڣڸնҶȽй
ܣͳӣ
֮£ɷ򣬸ҶȣĲԸȥǶ۾ֿµֶΣ־ֱǶ۾Ҫǿƺ֮ԭǿǶ۾
Ƕ۾ЦСӣ̫ˣڵ־򣬲ұںηֻҪ־ӡ־ͻᷢʮ׵޷ֵңҪ־ɱ㣬ȻǷ־򣬱ָܻ߽ʵȡ㣬µɣ
Ƕ۾ȻֶΡ
Ҷȴ߶ͳ֮ʣоӱ䣬ŷ׹˺̶ʮҶȸ޷⣬˲ᱻնɱ
ͣ
ԥ֮䣬֮ϣһΰްӰѹѹɨͻȻΪһɾ޽ݺݵسҶȴ
ٶ֮죬޷
֮ǿռ䡣
֮ǿκ־֮£飬߽⡣
ͳӣ
Ҷȶʱվ˫ּٴһӡ߶ͳӣۿͳӾҪ֣־޽ԴдҪҶҶȶʱоûϣ־޽е־ѾҶԪ
ֻ

纺ѷ촦һɫ⣬ӿŷҪҶȡ
ѵҾôˣ֮ǰеŬ׷𣿡
Ҷ嶼޷һ£޷Ӧ壬·һ㣬ֻ΢΢ԪǶ۾ʮ־壬ڼٵ飬Ҷȵ־ʶڲı
һ̣˲䣡
ৡ
ҶʶҪɢȥ̣ͻȻԪһʥ۵Ľ⣬˲ԪҶȺȻо־ѣھۼɲǼ䣬ͼڷϵԪϤ񣬻ر󣬷ɳԪ
޵ѵ
Ȼ޷Ҷȣֻ۾Ԫɳ뿪ҶȵĴԣüķɳʱձɰ񣬵ҶǰǶ۾ʮɵ־޽ô֮ϣ
ǣ־찡⡢СӾȻõ־ĴУ
ǹâ֮УڱĥǶ۾ԭһЦݣۿҶȾҪ֪ͻȻɳƿԡ
꣡
ӵʮ־޽͡Ӱش֮ϣûκײ־޽񼦵ʯͷһϴӽ⿪ʼѣɲǼѣΪƬ
ͣ
Ƕ۾־޽飬͵һѪһ¶ɢˡ
ѹ
ѷɫ⣬û纺ӰһӨĳۣľشһӡѷͷɳһ⣬סʧȥ˵Ƕ۾̲ͬӬһ¾ѷ֮С
أ
Ƕ۾ʮ־һʧȥΰΪȭͷС⣬ɲǷҶüġ
ҶʧȥƵģһҪ׹
ৣ
Ҷʧȥ֮ʱ纺ʱһҶߣסҶȣעһ⣬ҶȻû纺һûа취ֻòҶȣͷŵ⣬һ·ѷ֮С
ϢʧҲָƽ


614 ӡǶ۾
ǣ
ɫӨľ׵ڲ磬Ƕ۾ǱվգΧԻòʵһãȻ
ǧټƣڲ
⻪ͻȻգŷһʱգҶ纺纺ҶȣҶգȻŻ俴Ƕ۾
ڲǶ۾һʱɫˡ
纺Ϣޣ뾧ںһ壬ʥޱȣ׷ɱҶ꣬ץסҵķҵ־ںҵȡҾ棬ڲǣԶҲ޷ȥ㻹ҵ־ںҵ
ߣȵۣƣ
Ƕ۾ɥĲʩչͷɳһգ֪ɳ̼仯Ϊɫˮʵʣһɫˮ֮
ɵʵҲҵĶ֣οҵıҲ߽ռʱ˺ͣҲҪѹοһССɵۣȴûʵɱ㣬һ޷ںԷģ
Ƕ۾ߡ
Ĳѵ㲻֪ЩȥȡģͱҶȣҪɱֱǸ󣡡
纺һһɫˮȣҶȰܷƵǶ۾Ҷߡ
ͣ
纺ҪΪҶע֪һɹɺڰ׹⣬ȻҶͷţңһʥ⣬ڱҶ
Ȼ󴫳УԶ壬һ־С
纺ֻҶԱߣԺȻִҶüķɳ񣬶ʱһɵǶ۾ʮ־޷ë֪ɽ޵еģӵ
Ƕ۾־̫ǿѾճޱˣЩʱ䣬Ȼ
纺侲һԣȴҶȸա
񡭡
ԪҶĿɳüģɲǼͻǶ۾ʮ־޽һ𾪡
ʱǶ۾־ԪڲϵϣҶȻ޷ʶ̫СֻܲϹۿϣ̺֮֮־ָ
û뵽񼣲ˣȻ벻հҿѾΪ˳Ƕ۾ʮ£ʣ£
һξҶȸоЩĬĬ仯ʲôҲ˵
ħλ棬Ҫȡѩ֣Կǿʩչռߵͷȴⴥָδ񼣣ѾһΡ
ɵǶ۾Ƕ֣һ־Ҫջֳ־ҶһΣαһ̣ȡ
ðգԿ޷ԿǿС
Ҷûеȴ񣬸о־ޱɢȥ󣬶ζû˿־壬ӼģǸ侲κΣգѡû·İ취
ϵ־̺֮ڲϵѱ䣬ԪҲڷƽ˾ָҶȸоѪƽߣ΢΢һʼָ
ţ
ȥʮ죬һֱҶԱߵ纺ȻѣæҶȣҶⶼʧɫʼָѪɫһʢڱ
ɲǼ䣬纺ӦҶȾ˫ۣĵգֿ纺
ڲҵĵ֮ڣ纺طҶȣҶƽ£纺Ϣֱ֮УȴҶһ޷ص顣
Ƕ۾
ҶĿ⣬ͻȻ͸ɫˮȣգǶ۾ڷƵѰҳ·
纺ŭһƳ̺־ˣұץסᣬץڲҲȥˣ
ȰӡҪǿֲ
Ҷȿ纺һۣ纺һĨɫˮȾʧˣΪڣҶȷǶ۾
Ƕ۾ͷ棬ؤһͷŲƽǷһҶ纺Ҷȱɱһ㣬Сӣɶ񣬾Ȼû
Ҫϧ㻹ûʸעҪӡһɾ󣬳ɾɵ֮ʱͻնɱ㣬ӡɣ
ৡ
ҶȺԥʮ֣˫ֿʼ߶Χת
纺ҲʼӶ˫֣һӡǸҶȾۼ׷ױ롣
ɵۣɵǲģǸǶ۾ֱģҲԸ˾ɱ
ᣡ
̤ɾҶȣޱߣͨϤǶ۾ɱһ̣˫һƣһɹľǶ۾
񣡣
Ƕ۾ȻɵۣȻһǿޱȣֱȭͷġ
컯ȭʽ޵У
ʱҶͬӰͻȻͷŶĿҫͬչԣĶԿǶ۾֮ʣһȭȻģǶ۾ȭͷѸײһǶ۾Ȼſˡ
ȿȡɶ񣡡ûʧȥһʵֻʣǶ۾ˮҶȶ֣ңҶȻʩչ컯ȭµһУʽ޵УһȭͰǶ۾ˡ
컯ȭʽȻҶһЦ컯ȭһʮʽͻɾֳһʽе졢Ե޵ʽ
ǣ
Ƕ۾Ҷǿſ£ûվ纺һԾһһɹɫˮںϣĻΪɫˮ֮Уɫˮ˲Ƕ۾ʼѱΪʵʡ
ɫˮͱɫˮͬһ޴ķӡǶ۾ӡԶıһ㡣
СӣŹ㡭Ƕ۾ķӡεǶɫˮ֮У޷Ȼ˵Ȼһݵĳģ
Ƕ۾ûлᣬķӡ̺ҵԣǵӡ֮УԶҲ޷Ҵﵽɵ۾ع㳹նɱʱ̣ڴ˺úܷӡɣ
Ҷȵ纺롣
ζԿһ·ƻΪӪðճ֣ܷӡǶ۾Ҷ鷳ҪǶ۾䣡
纺˿һץһʹǶ۾һöǳĽָ纺һ㣬Ҷơ
ԸǶ۾ҲΪҵõɳɴңҲ񣬽˵Ҳ֮ǰĵӣ
ڵõǶ۾䣬֪ӵжٴɳ
Ҷ˵һ̴֮߶Ƕ۾䣬ʱһɵ۰ӡأҶεΪԣҶʩչڰ׾һ׻־
ɶ񡭡Ź㣡Ƕ۾Ƭ̾͸Ӧ䣬־󷨣ڰ׾û׻һ
ģΣԭôɳҷ˴ƣΪɽ
ҶȲмһЦʱͿ׻Ƕ۾־󣬾ͿĲɫɳɳħ籩Ưڽָռ䡣


615 ָ뺣֮
һɵ۾ͷۻĲж٣Ҷȶȥ
ҶֻԪһɨֻ鶼Ǹɽ籦ʯϡٱʯԼʮһƷʮƷӦоУɼֱһ󱦿⡣
ЩɼڿռţɼǶ۾˻ǱȽϲЩʧɽĹϲ䣬Ϲż壬Щ䡢Ϲɽ磬Ƕһ壬ǵĹŴɽ磬ŷǳ٣һȫм塢ưԵʱ
ɽԪÿԪᵮͬɽ硣
ϵĴڣʧɽǨʷ֮У壬䣬ڴǧĳͼ߼λ档
µżɢڸռ䣬һ壬ʥɵϹ崫ҩ
֪Զ
ɳаڶ֣ٽɳɽ磬Ƕϱ˵ıɵЩͷɾӣҿôɳ£ύٴʲôѩͼңҲ۸濹⣬ȴ£Ϊһʥıߣ
ʱڴռ䣬ҶĿ춼ɳյĶĿ磬ЩɳɫƫǶ۾΢ͬɳƷ̫߼֮ԭǹʯں϶ɡ
󽻴ؼɣҵҪͼٵңҲ֪ѩĽǿߣǷѩǿ磬
֣Ի취նɱɾΪնɱһǿߣѾǿߣĲס
ɨɳ磬ҶȾʹ߶ԪΪ⣬뿪䣬ö䣬ҶϴŵĴ޽ռҪӴĶࡣ
ôҪĴɳ𣿡
纺һֱҶδһ£ֹɣȻϢü֮䣬ȴŶҶȵŷɽ֮аųȻ档
ҶȻӶ䣬ͽ˴޽֮У޽ҲУܶ࣬ܶ࣬񣬽ܶɽ緢չ𵽺ܶãɽɳϡ棬ɵ۶ҪƱǵҩҪɳ˴ɳڿǣЩǿ߱ߣ
ԭˣ纺δ뿪֮󣬶ɽ绹ʮİһ֪£ȴ֪ɽͫƶǶͫ
Ƕ۾ӡڴˣɳҲҵ֣纣Ϊ취
Ҷһ纺
Ϊˡ
纺ܲ˼糺죬ԭҶȣܷ֮£˭ҶһֱϣоĽһů
飬뽨ڷӡǶ۾ϣ֮ǰѺú취Ѿˣ֮ģʮأȻԴһ֣Լʵ޷ּ𣬳Խ˵ķ
ҶȼԽ֮ļ֮УΪߣһƽ⣬㱾Էָ֮ںϣؼ֮ǲһų⣬룬ܵų⣬޷뿪ǣֻаѺ֮ߣ֮У
֮ǰҲ˵⣬֮ĵȷأںϣȫ޷ʩչ޷Ҫûк֮ģҵ뿪ǣϾһģֻ֮Ǳں϶ѣ
޾紿ԣǺ֮ΪμԭҪߺ֮ģͱҵдԵ壬޷ṩ֮㹻ԣô޷ѹ֮ģ޷Ѻ֮ƿǣ
纺ɫ䣬пһ˵뿪ȥ翴
Ҳ˵а취㲻Ҫ̫ģа˲գ
Ҷȿ纺ģᣬԺȻ֣ܵǶ۾־޽˯ѣ纺ʩչΪΪ˵ĳʱ纺ϵĵ
Ƿĵ˵纺ڵΣ
䣡
Ȼ߶ţһ⣬شദŷΧȻžϢ

Ȼ֮䣬纺һϢ֮΢΢ĿֵضŴӾֳ֮һö䡣
εȵ
纺޾棬֮⣬ʼųڤڤ֮Уͷһɴ纺Ϣʥ⣬纺𾪲ѣȻϢ˹ϣоȡ֮ԴԴϵԣо֮⡭Īǣö߱Ҽ֮УƺҲкһ壬͸оҵ꣬˿ųָɢľʥ⣡
һϢɲǼ䣬ҶҲԻˣ֮뺣йأ˵ҵصܡ
Ҽ֮У壬һ޴壬ӵǿĴڣ壬ǺǿĴڣһ뺣岢棬Ⱥ廹Ҫأö֮УҸоһͬϢһǺϢȻ΢ұԴ磬ӦֻϢ̫ޣʮֹϣֻкԼԶŴܣ֪ĴڣҸоö䣬һĴڣ
üĳֵ֮ϣҲܵһ΢ϤϢǺϢõ󣬿϶ϢϢصĹϵֻϧ־ϣ϶ǺԶŵ󣬶ңˡ
纺ԸӵļĿ⣬˵˵һ仰¶ʮϧʹı顣
ڤڤ֮оõģ㣬֮ǺͬҲǺдϢϢͬڣ֪ˣѺ֮䣬ѹ֮ģ纺ȻһڴҶȻش
Ҳû뵽ָй⣬Ȼ⣬㣬찲Ÿңҽ⿪ܵģɣ֮ģ
ҶҲǸпһѣȻǣǶ۾ɳءϹȵȣǲ˼飬Ȼ
ҲˣֻΪǿӵ߲־㣬ȥƿء
ৣ
֮纺һץͳģһԲΡ͸ֻľӨʣ顢֮䣬ӰͷޱǿϢ
һͬȥ
Ҷͷ־߶ָһɾʥ⣬ˣ˲Ӵ֮ģ֮ĹȻûų⣬ֻ΢΢һһʥ£Ҷȴ纺ͽ˾ռ䡣
ſ׽ָҶ֮һܰ纺У纺ؿ飬Ҷȶ纺ͬһ㡣
ô磬ùϵϢȻҸܵǻҪϵϢ˼飬ԶŵԣǴǶôϵĹ񣡡
磬չֳޱߵʥ磬Щ綼Ҷ޷ģֻ̳ڿռ䣬ܱҶȿƣ纺֮У̳


616 ʥٷ
˼飬ô̳ٵʯٵԷֱ籦ʯ
纺̳һ̣ͱʯʯ𾪣ַʲô￴Ҷȣƺռʱ䷨粻ͬ
ţ
ҶȲ⣬纺߽ףƺﵽŽΪӦ˽ףΪϱԴ籾ԴȻӦʱ䷨ĲͬҶȽǷ֮ûκηֻʱ䷨򣬶ҿ֧ʱ䣬Ŀǰʵ԰ʱ䷨쵽ǧһڲһǧֻ꣬ȥһѡ
纺Ϊ󣺡Եʱ䷨̫ϡ棬ǲϹµ̳пԵʱ䷨
֮ĹȻûзӦ̳ӡ
ಡ
Ҷһץ̳Ľƣ̺Ϸӡһɹͬ㼯纺Ҳǡô֮ģֻԣס֮ģ̳֮ϣһǳǶǿա
֮ͷžӨĿˮâҪԺɫΪӳĹâȥ֮С
ԭ֮μޣһ⣬û뵽׾ɣ
纺ڱָ㾲ĵϢڶ֮ѳΪҵıľ䣬ұ̳磬ӵȫƿغ֮ʵ֮ǰº֮һֱҪҲ޷뿪Ҫʱ̸㣬Ҫһ룬ͻ޴ˣ޷ָˣ
ּȻҪǿʵȥѹҶȻǺܺʵŵȵεΪںϺ֮ģ
ҲҪ̤磬޵󣬺֮Ĳڷص磬ȫ編ںϣô㵱Ǹ׸ô纺ͻȻɰʡ
˼
Ҷһæ֣͵ֻñڽаţɣҽֶ죬㰲Ϊֶӣұʱһ𣬿ܽʱ䣬Ҷֶɹ
纺һᣬͬ⣬޳ҶȰţֻҪҲһռ䣬ͬһռ䣬뺣֮ľͲʧȥӦֶҲţǰвֶ֮ŵһΪֶ۵ŮӣĳɣΪŮӣҲʶʶǿߴڣ
ҿñȥǶۣŮˣг裬ȫŮȨΪ˵ūԴҪմȾԸ񣬾鷳ˣҶȿЦ
ôˣ˱¼㿴֮󣬶˶ǷǣǶ۾ɵǿߣˣ֤˶һ
֪纺ȴʮǿӲĺȵ
֮Ȼӱϧϲ֮ͬж࣬ÿ˶Լǿˣɽ編򣬲ȥȻɽ磬ӵƽ֮ģȹ̵ģңڰٻУֻԸػͣ͵ĻǰΪһܼǣﵽ˰еľͷ
˵Щˣ˽⣬Ҹֶ죬һһλ棬ֶ죬ҪΪһ׾ͿԣҪ˽ΪչֳɽҪˣ
ҶȾøղһ̫£Դδз񣬱һ߶䣬˾ʥˮ硣
ô죿ˮؿռ䣬ǰǴ
͵ɵҲ봳ˮռ䣬ȥҴﵽ߾磬֮նɱǶ۾һɵۣ֮󣬿϶зظ仯ߣ
Ҷͷһ纺߶ǧͼ˾Բڶ֮٣ʧˮռ䡣

֮ϣһռͨͻأԳҶ纺ͨ߳纺񷣬չ˫ۣŸоضôڣ㲻磬ɽ񷣬Ҳ˺嫣
ǡ
ˡ
ҶҪ˵֮ʣӺգȻһٶȷǳҶ˵
ôˣŶһٷһֱ֮֮ϣ㣡纺ԭɻ󣬲ͫһ⣬ƺԶԴͷ
ʥ
ţüͷһ壬Ҷȷһչľӿʥʥʥʵżʮ꣬ʮ˵Ƭ̹͹ȥˣҶȵû뵽֮ƮԶɽ磬ȻʥԱڡ
ʥ֮ʣҶ̴߶עʥ˸һ۵Ĺâʱһһٷһٷһ¾ʥһߣʥ
ǳ£иոռʥĹŲơҪʥֵڸϴԭȣҪıԭϵϼҡ
һ϶ʮֽȵʥ˳
£
ҶȿʥϢԺԭִ龰ʮ֮Уһ¾һʮرˣΪһҡ֮
ɽ磬ɱ¾ңһЩעۣ壬һȺرߡ
ǳŵӣҲһްɣھɽҲɣʵȴȲֶ죬λֶ춼࣬ΪǱȽƫɣɽ粢Եʮҫۡ
ϴԭ
ҶȲÿǣȥ£һΪŲƵ³ԱҶҪʥ齨Ϊɽ޴ɣκγԱǸɣҲҪȥȡ
֪ھ֮ʮڻĶϷһϹźµıԭ죬ȫʩչŰӾ͵ˣ纺߳˵
Ҫʥɽ޴ɣλֵܣȣӣٷǰŴ²˳٣Ǿ鷳ʩչȫҪϵϴԭ
Ҷû뵽ŰǶ۾鷳Ҫðգȥһͷߣ¿ϼҾͷͬѰŵӶɵȻҲֶضǾްԡ
Ҫżʵʮ͵ˣҪҲôʱ䣬Ϊ⿪ӡҪһ򣡡
֪纺żһʥۣΪһͨɫȹȻ˫ִһӡʥ⣬Χ
֮ɽżϻмأϴԭȴδй䣬ִڣɽķҲӦ֪ϴԭ
ʱ䣬ҶҲżϴԭ¼
ҵˣ
ԼҶǿԪ񣬾ɨ򱾹żһͨƵĹżϣҵϴԭ¼һȫǼ¼ϴԭġ
ɽЩרռϣ
øϴԭȻ
һȥҶϸϸżһû뵽ϴԭ
ϴԭϹţɽһͨ󣬵ĳһ죬ԭᣬΪԭţǴɽ֮ϣ޽֮صһ𳬼۾ͷܵˣϴԭˡ
֪ȥһûĵ۹ϴԭȴõ䳬ĲƸϴԭϼҡ


617 ϴ
ȥϼҽϴԭֵһϴǿֶΣķΪ˵ɽһһš
Ȼһսɱ⡣
ҶȿżϳؼŴս龰ʱɳӣƺƵɱϴԭϴԭѪɺӣʬأϴԭҪ֮ʣϴԭһţȻ߽ʵɨţɱӣɱϴ֮ء
ֱ˴Ÿ
ɽ磬칬ִ߶Ԥ£֪ΪΣ칬ŹϼңӴˣϼҿʼ׳Խأڸɽ磬о޴̻ᣬһһɴڵļ塣
һ޴壬ֶͼң޷ϼᲢۣһۺ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ¼ôһãͻϼңҪǲϼңܾȳŲƣǾͺˡ
ҶĿǰΪû⣬Ǿȴʥһˣ˾Ͳôȥ̵ġ
ԣɣ
ʱ纺ڽҿӡ˽Ȼû֣ȫ֮ںϣƿһ־ƿһƬռ䣬ɱռκδڡ

߼֮ٶȣٿȻչ֣һɫĻˣһμȹϷԲ׽ٶȾӶ
ɳء
ҶĿ⿴Χͼ֮ΨһɳأɳƤӹɳشˣ޸Ƕ۾ľ޴ƻδøһ뾰󣬾͵֮߼ʣ½ɽ
һδգۼ˼ٶȣɽçԭһ֮أɽ֮׳۲ϳֳ
ҶȶоԼٶȣƺҲҪͣ٣ٶ̫ˣҲһ񹦷ҶȾͷƺþֹһɫϤâȻΪ֮Ƭո˼ֹͣӡ
纺ǿϢʼʧϴӡһɹʥʧΪҶĿ⣬ǰϴԭǰ
Ŷ
ɵ˸еսսĺӭ洵Ҫ֪ҶȱҲɾΪɾǿǱֺӰ졣
·һƬɽ޾ɳĮ޽֮أǰȻ˺¥һ㣬£ǰɽ磬һƬ׻Ӱ¥ɽ嵹ڻӰ֮С
һɹɺǴ׻Ӱ紵
Ҷ˫üһݵؿӰʲô󣬶һ޾ѩ׵ı磬žıԭʱʱѩƮԭˮƽ棬ڱԭ磬ƺһɽ̫Զ塣
磬Ҷʩչ̫һպ̲׽ٶϴԭˣҪͨɣ޷ȥ֮͸ԭǴеϴ
纺ٴηӡΪﵽһףȥС㣬͸Ÿ߹󲻷Ҷǰϸô뷨ûУ
ϴصĺܣɽҪһٿһҵϴҵڣ֪ɣź֣
Ҷ룬䣬纺ٴϴԭ
ٶȣϴԭڲȻãԭһɽȻǾ޴ѩɽɽңѩɽɽԭӿֲֲͬε;ʹʩչһ˿ڡ
һ£һ磬ƺǽϼҵ̾棡
ַ˰ʱ˾Ӿ޴ѩɽɽӹһƬѩһƬ޴ѩɽԭ֮ʣһͣٵĺ磬Ȼıˣǰ
Щˣƺ֮ǰǻˣǱɣŷ𱻺˲䶳ᣬʱ˵Ц飬ֻһ˲䣬ǧ
ʣЩ˾ϼµĽ磬ûзֽ磬Ӷ߶磬˲䱻ɱ
ǿͷƤ顣
úݵֶΣأҪܵĨɱˣ纺ʵЩȥ沢ѪȣֻЩˣ֮УչʾϼҰԵ
ȷţҪۣⲻֹǰԵ飬ɽ֮ϴԭжⲻϼҵ̣һ룬ҪĨɱħк
ȷЩ֣ɽ㣬ûѪҪ桢Ҫ׳̸ף籾¶ɱӺΪߣҪ˲ڽ£ʧȥˣһζǿӲҲǷԲ֮֮κη򣬶зԲνǷԲɱҪɱҪ֮ϼҾʹ˵ﲻ
ɨһˣҶȲûи飬ԼΪ˴·ȻҶҲɱˣȴϼɷ˵ɱˣҶҪɱˣǶҪɱˣɵˣֺԵ޹ȥɱˡ
¶ûй
δϴҶȾѸܵϼҵǿǿӲɽ粻֧ϼдǿӲ֮Ų¼ô
ٿ
Ҷ纺δǰ磬̤ϼҽ磬Ҷ̼һ΢΢ش磬Ȼ˾ʹ˾ȴ
ء
Ȼ֮䣬ӽڲһ֮Ҷ纺üͷһ壬ͼӽɳһֻ޴ѩӥվʮ۵ĴɣŮΪڴɸ߽ףѩӥﵽΪ
ѩӥΪ˫ͫ΢΢һɨ㼤â˲ɱͽ״־
ɸ߽ףƽΪѩӥɽ磬νǿߣҲֻǿߣ濹⣬屾ǿһܻѩӥ֡
ϴɢޣϣܷУ
ûȺ˵Ҷǰһʮֿ˵
ɢޣ
ΪһλˣһˣһѩӥƺյϢͣգ˳ٷ磬Ǹӣһ͸֪֮ǶŮĿеˡ
һɨмҶΪǶ࿴˼纺Ŀֱ纺ϣһƣӸµǻ֪أûôϼأϼͳϴһɢޣûʸģ̬Ȳϼ˹ҾرǣϽǧƷʯܻһǷֻּѣ
Ҷȵʯȴߵ꣬ǧƷʯԳ򣬵浱Ǻ޵λɢޣ
ɽ㷨
ûʵûеλûвͨﶼõͷˣҪҶһͨˣûʸ̤ɽ硣
ôõóʯô
˵ȴƬ̣һɨҶڳĬĿ纺ϣûͫ⣬ͣŷ纺һƷ
ȷЩԵƬ̣
ҶȿɲԷǷ򣬷Ȼһһ󣬲÷ӡǧʯˡ
࣬ʯƷЩЩɢҲףðɣҵֵͳ˼ϼѩӥȽյأʱΪˣС
˵Ҳ󷽣һ˦֣ͷһҶ纺ѩӥϣȻ߶磬ѩӥʼ֮С


618 
ڣǼ鼴
ҶȰˣִһֱĿ纺ϣһ·Ҳֻ纺죬Եȣ󷽵壬ʶ
ҪһŮӣͱתַ֪ƭȡ޹ŮһŮĻֱǷǡ
纺ͬ磬ݸ߹ʥ࣬ؼ֮󣬱Ƕ۾׷ɱ꣬Ͱıƿñȳ˶Ҫ˵ʲôʲô˼᲻֪
ȴûбܾԷŶԷ߷̸
ϴȻǽѩɽԭ֮ϡ
Ҷȵ纺ֲ˼עűԭһһȻǰһƬԭڸԭ֮ϣһñɣȫǺɵľӨǳأͬ屦ڴ֮⡣
ϴñԭΣڸԭһǳأһԭǳķѩӥͬʿϱɳأԭǳ޴󣬱һɳҪʮɳأɳǶҪ̫ࡣ
ֲԾӣҲЩʵ
Ҷϸϸͷһɨԭһؽ֮У󷨼ӳ֣ǳԽɵȼӵˮ׼νһɳأһЩҲضá
龻֡
˿ΧˣδעһԺ߶龻֣ȻʥץϢʼת
¹Ȼɳ֮У¾ͺðˣܽϼأ¾ͷ㣬ʵڲУҲֻӲ
ΪδչҶȲϧϼִ壬ҲҪȳ¡Ųƣչ
κΰʯҪݺߡ
´λãҶȾ;ͷĶˣܲ׽Ϣ֤úõģ׽λãҶ̤ɾԵʣʵͨ磬̤ɾжΣȻǸ߽ףֱӱƽɾ
̤ɾҶȲһ
ŶϺعӣϼŵӣҽҪһһնɱ
Ȼ纺ƺڹ˵Ҷ
ΪҴϢ
ҶʵЩ⣬û뵽纺˻ϻۣ֪㣬ﵽĿģΪҶȣôҶȲ⡣
ˡϺء˫֣հԶŵȷǴɣôӣҴһˣϼҹأҪϴԭȡ飬ϼϱɽ磬ֻϴԭУǴ󵨣ǻץסǳΣϼңɽ磬һܶԸ𣿡
纺΢΢ףȷϼҹȻǼҴƴ󣡡
Ϻظӵ⣬ȴܴշ磬˫ͫ˸ǻ۹âС㣬֪ϼڸɽ磬ϴ̻ᣬȻʵţ㲩˭ҵʥɽЩ̻ᶼк
ϴ̻᣿
Ҷһ̻ȷǸɽ̻ܳᣬֶżнܣֻû뵽ϴǱϴϴ̻ᣬȷ
ԭȡ飬űϼץסϼΪ϶ưڸݣɱ£ҪµˡϼӲϲߣֻд֣
ҶȴʱӼתְ취ڳ֣˼ϸ壬йһѰ취£ȲϼңֿԾȳµˣԺҶȺȻһ纺һ
纺֮ͿʵϺعӣô˵Ҳǿģ
Ϻ붼û룬ͷشȻɽϼҷԴ֮أϸɽд̻ᣬϼɽû̻ȴΪɽ磬ռϡԴҲΪϼҪô˽أںǰϼϽκ̤ذ벽
ʵҲġ纺ͻȻͷһƣȫ֮ϣϢ¶
̡С㣬㡢ǿߣϺضʱһ麹ֱðû뵽ıģز¶Ȼһ
Ҳ׷׿
纺һЦҵļ壬ҲȻȲϼңγҪѰЩϧȻҲҪһЩȥ
֪СкαҪ
Ϻؽָ侲һ壬οһϺضֻпȴûп־塣
ʱ纺һţҡһһ֣ϵĵɽܣڸ߽ø̻Ѱҵļ֣ɵõһɣֱʮּߣһòϣЩô޷һ·̻ᶼԲֱ֪ϼҪҪ
ȷϱ²һ飬´СȥǣҸˣʱ֪
ʱϺ̬һٰʮȱ仯Բǳģֿı
ƻȽ˳취ΰµ˾ȳ
Ϻű֤ҶȾЦ˳ⷽʽӴϼʲϣȷвλǵ֮£Ҷնɱûúܶɡ
һָʥʮԱ඼ڴ䣬û뵽εõϡ
Ϻһˣƺ˷䣬֪ͨԭɳأҲѩӥӿٶȡ
Ҷ纺ݾȻվ룬̼ԭɳأϴ۹ȷʤգκνǺҽĹģ߹ʥڳǳ߶۵ϼˣ˷Ѳߡ
ѩӥܿ£ͷ룬ʳ£ڻʳΧһ㳡أϺذ纺ҶȽһϢС뿪ˡ
κװΣǾӨе߲ʺһЩټıؼڹûκκ¶Ȳ࣬ʮˡ
мλòŮ澣Ҷ纺վڹڲװΣҶĴ纺Ѹоڣϼҿ϶ҪģǾͽһЩټҩȻ˳Ҫµˣɣ˵һЩϵǷ飬ͽΰˣ
纺˪ĵı磬ҲǱֱȥ飡
καﶼ֮Ҫο¡ŲʥĳԱʥҪչҪǳӣֿ϶ܸߣʧȥ
Ҷʮ侲
ϼҲӲһȺˣȻԸ⣬Ҳ׵ţһһ纺Ҳͷͷǵ
ˣ
Ҷһ䣬˸纺󣬿ſڣȻиOO@@ŲԽʮּ١
ںδǧ
δȴȴ
ֻһλϸˣϢڣԱ߸ϺػһȺϼҴɡ
ϺؾͽܵϣλǱС㣬ɣ
ǺǣĵѣҶ֣ĳ޵޳֣֮ϸһѣϸϼһλϣ죡ϸ˵Ȼ˵ȻѮգȴˣӡ
纺ǰ


619 Ʒ赤
֪С㣬ɣҶˣȱһ̵̻£ϼڸɽ磬ϴ̻ᣬκƷɣ
纺£ϲ裬أżɽɡ
ϴ̻ᣬȻǱҲ⣬Ͽ纺ֹʮֵݣ֮ǰϸЩȲ
纺ָͬˮһ㣬һηӡ⣬ջӿһ߳иɵɳ֮Уʱһʢرͷų
ں⡣
ü罣֮У̾Ȼϸɽ߶꣬ǧǰҼһΣû뵽ܼ֮꣬
ֻϧҼҳֻõôһ֣ϣҾͿżɽڵͼɽ磬û֮أڰءɽ磬ܱɵۼͷУϼڸɽ紴ϴ̻ᣬҲֻϼֶͨΣɽ磬ıȡ
㶯ģȻ纺ѺһЩԴ˵˳
Сˬӣȷһȥɽ磬ȻɾӣСҲǺбȻҪϼôôΪϣԴӦκֻҪС㿪ڣκβƱϼҶüͷѮ޵죬ϸ˼·סֱ⣬Ǹ˾
֪ɽ󽭺꣬ḻ˺¡
纺˿ףѽץס죬ֱֻжԴãʵҪóҲΣͬʱҲύƣҵӪ̻ᣬǽҪɽ緢չҪϼ֧֣ϣȻʨӴ󿪿ڣվͽԵֻҪһƷ赤
һƷ赤
ʱʮλϼҵ꿡ܶĿסˡ
赤ҶȸӮ֮ʱõӮʹͣʴ֪赤ľ֮Īͨ쵤𵤵ȵȣ޷Ҷȵõ赤ֻƷҶȴҪһƷ赤
Ʒ赤ءɽҲֻƷƷصɽ磬ſмƷ赤Ϊֻɵ۲ƳƷ赤
һżƷ赤ǾϱǶڵͼɽˣ䱦ɽ֮ϣƷ赤ȴϡƽĺܣΪءɽɵۼͷ赤Ҳʮס
ɽһͨɵ½磬ҲϱҶ纺ʨӴ󿪿ڣʵϼڸɽӵ̻Ĵ˵̶֥
ϼһõͻڸɽ磬£һ߽״ۣһţֻһ𳬼ۣһ𳬼ۣһٿżƷ赤Ȼ֥鶼㲻ϡ
ϼҾĺܣҶȸӾϼһֻǧ꣬ҶһֻõϺꡣ
ҶȲ֣Ҫǹһ㣬Իȡ౦ҶҪҪȳ¡

ãĬŻѮ֮ϣֲϼһ㣬ͷȴϵգ֤ƽûнռ䣬ֻ硣
ҡҡͷЦС㣬ϸǿۣðɣһò⣬ϸ㰲ģ׮ٷְٿԶֻҪʾϼҸ߲㣬칦򣬻СĵȴƬ̣
纺˿ɽûҶ˽⣬ΪԷӦԷ⣬ڷģȴվʩ̣֮ñҲˣˣһƷ赤ĻиСС󣿡
˵һССκϸԴӦɷϸҲϼңСΪ飡ϴӦˡ
֮ǰϺعӣᵽϼҽųŵӣδģղźȻһλϱйʣǷһ飬Ǳ롭
纺û˵ꡣ
Ŷ
һʱ򣬵ͷС˼ϸˣСȳŵӣȻص壬ϱȻ󻹳һ飬˳Ҳżϵ
ǺǣʲôһĿȻˣȻȻϰæһмʮɳǱĴҰ֮й͸ϣ˵ã
һ֮纺Ϸһץչģһӡ֮У˸Щɳ֮⣬ɶ룬ͽ졣
Сƽ⣬ϸͲˣСģⲻɣϸҲ˸ϸҲ˳ˮ飬һ˶С㣬СʹԵ죬ϸ׼ʱ
ЩˣҪС㵱úдҪСȥǶҪãﶼȥã
콻һŴϺһȥ
ʱֻʣҶ纺
еú˳ֻ˷һЩֻȥ˻û˾ûˣⲻһƷ赤Ϊ½ֵܣ壬磡
ҶУ˸ޱȵľĹ
ԭһƷ赤˾޴ô½̫λ棬жˡѡֵܣͬˣЩ˶Ҫɽ磬ҶҪΪǿһƽ̹Ϊɽ֣׳ʥ
ʲôѩͼҡϼңΪɽʥҪչȥҲҪѧ˼ȥչӪ
һƷ赤ҶΪֶΣҲ԰½ˣɡɾ磬һô⣬Ϊռ˴ˣȴǱҶȡ
赤ԭǱ纺ס
ҶȺȻվҲͻɾδﵽ۷壬纣ڴ˴ҽ֮죬죬ʮ꣬ʮ̤ɾһ۷壬ʱͻƶסף
ãڣû˿ԿĴڣİɣպҲҪ֮纺˵˽ΪԺɨءءɽ硣

˲ҫҶƾʧһ⣬纺Χ纺Ҳʩչһӡʼ
ռ䣡
̫¯ͳͳȼհɣ
Žռ䣬ҶȱʩչȻ룬ҶȾͼϤĳһִۣɡɡɡķ򣬵Ȼеū
ūϢںϣָū޷еʼתūڲνǴ粽С
ȼհ̫¯
ʯʯԼһЩ׷̫¯ȼ֨֨شըҶһ߶̫¯һ̳ԣﵽɾ̳ҲͬţһУҪɽΪﵽɵ۾޷ѹ
̳֮ϣһصĺ֮ģͬɫǣǶգ
죬ʹﵽĸ߶ȣⲻʮʱ⣬Ҵﵽɾһ۷壡
ֻգʱ䣬ʹ̫¯ԴԴͽҶڣʼ纣ڱڣ
ٶȥ̶ʱ䣬Ҳǲʮʱ⣬ҶȾָܻ۷״̬ﵽնɱһ׵ǿز


620 ʯ
ͣ
ʱ䲻ƣҶھȻڼٱߵҶһ޾ڱڡ
Ѿȥʱ⣬̫¯ȼʯԼͬʱҲ̳ԣɽɣԾͲףһ棬ԣַҶ֮ʣȻҲҪӳԽ᲻ɴݡ
ͨȻС
컯ȭʽ޵УһȭǰԵ֮ϣһأߵȭ壬һȭȥߵķŭҪͷ컯ȭʽ޵Сȭ巨
̤ɽ磬ɾսָ֣ҶȶȻ壬ԽƿأȻԪأȵںһ𣬾ͻԾ硢ҵǿС
ֻǴһҴƼ޶ѣҪϴ۷壬ȥ֮⣬ͱҪȥ編ǧԪ׵硢ˮľȵȣǽ֮ϣ̫ɵɽ編
죬رǵأ̫䣬תǷ޷תĴڡ
֮ǰҶҪԸǶ۾ԷɵۣӵмԴɽ編ҶСҲǶ۾֣Ҷܴѡɽ編٣ǣԸǶ۾
ȻǶ۾ţҲ޷ɽ編֣Ҫǲɽ編Эһֱᱻɽ編򹥻ĥɵǲģҲǲģһɱɵۣɽ編ԡ
ԣǶ۾ѡ񳼷ɽ編
ǿߣ糬ۣͿתɽ編Ϊɽȡɽ編򣬵ʩƷΪγ޵УɽΪǿԶϤɽ編
ʩչɽ編κ˶Ƕ֣κʣҪ
ʴҪǵǰֻܿɽܿ硣
컯ȭռȭ壬̫޼˻סײԼʮҲΪ򣬵߸򣬴취ΪռĿֻ꣬дƷ򣬲ܵ취򣬵취ҲǿԴһµ硣
µ磬µķп顣
ϧò׵򣬱ٷˣҪһ򣬽޷ԿĵˣӮܿ԰ɣ
ֹȥ꣬Ҷۣ˫֮ͫУǳϢޣָֻ֮ǰǹ޷ƣָһ㣺иʱ䣬ﵽһ۷壬ͻƶײ⣬ڻǿǶ۾ָı

߶һöǳɫ䣬ģһԪ̽봢䡣
칭Ƕ۾ҵĶȻҪӱûҵĶȻЩ˼ǨŮ֮⣡
ս봢ռ䣬ҶȾ͸ܵ칭Ϣ칭ںϣȻܸӦһץ칭ͷԪ֮С
ڶִɳҳΪɽСչʥ£ķãϼҵ£һѣ
Ԫһ춼ǻҰɫɳ磬ЩҰɫɳɽһʮϡٵıɳҲֶ콻ҶؼռĿꡣ
ڶ֣ʲôһܻüһҪⶴϰٹڼڶ֣Ҷ£
ȲƸҶȲСʥǿΪɽϼҾΪɽվסš
ЩɳҪúòС
Ҷһʮʯǰһ鼮Ƶҩġġ󷨡ҩݡǧ硢ɽΡδ֪硢ɽдСɶУĿ
Ҫǰ鼮⣬ҶҲӵǶ۾ɵ۰۽磬Ȼῴø㡣
Щ鼮ȻһʴƸ½ˣ۽磬ṩʶο󷨡ҩţ޼֮ʥҪչҪȫ淢չҪ˲š
ƷƷƷƷʥƷƷƷʯУֻϧƷƷʯٵÿʯҲһЩţдʯҲһʲСƸ
ܿ죬ҶȾͳһʯɽ֮ǰ׳ۣޱʯʯɽΪңҲҪԴ֮һжҲӶ࣬ҶһƯա
ܶ࣬ʮһƷʮƷͳͳУƷ֮µռ˶Ʒ٣߼ܼߣħаЩƷʮƷǲȱġ
ٸ߼ʺںϡţ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȸоһɲͬѰķϢһַ֮ڵϢʮرϢҶҲİǶ۾һֱʴڵ塣

徹ȻڷգһĿռ䣬ڴڲܽռֶΣȻɵֶΣ޷ֶΡ
ৡ
һֱһɵĺڰǹӡҶȴһץʹӴռȻ鶼ǹռӡʵʵ
Ƕ۾ǴһͿһʱķӡǶ۾ѾѪһֹһ֮ԭǶ۾Ϸӡɣ涫Ӧ֮ԭйϵ
ƽɣ
ɽ磬ķӡǾ޷磬۶޷⿪ӡҶǸ⣬õ󴫳У֮УҲ֪䣬ȻܿģһЩ񼶷ӡҲܿö
ȷӡ̳ӡֱСҼңǵķӡҲǧ֮һ
Ҷϵķӡƽһ֣οɵ۴ɵķӡһɨͶģӡؼ˫ִһӡһһ£ķӡͬˮϡﻩƽˡ
ķӡҶȵḻӪͣ׷롣
ǡ
ķӡƽ⣬ɲǼ䣬һͨȴйĺɫʳҶǰȻһɫʯͷʯѣ򵥾һʯ
ɣһǶ۾ӡĶͨͨĺɫʯͷϢһʯϢǶ۾Ϣֻ֮һƣǶ۾ԴΪΣɵ۰ǿǶ۾ΪҪѾ˾ʩչķӡʯѣ
Ҷɻϸʯѣʮֹ⻬Һܹ֣״ͨԲΣ˸Ϣȷʲеĺɫǹ⡣
ҿʲôʯѣһͨʯ
˰죬ûҳߣǣҶȾעʯʯʲô⣬һӦ
ٿ
һҶָͻͻһ£ײʯʯ֮ϡ
ལ
ֻײʯʯѣʼûзӦǺܿ죬ʯʯѣȻ˵һ£ȻҶŤˣΪɢ֮Լʣ˲ͱʯʯѸˡ
һɶңʯʯ֮УƺһڵĹŹֽ


621 Ǹʲô
ʯʯѸգҶĴ𣺡ɣȼӲʯ֮УȻڣ
ٿ
ûҶüӦҶ𾪵鷢ˣԭչҶȴճʯʯѾ͸ֹͣû뵽ʯʯѾȻһʰȻʼմڲе
ҶȾͿʯǱʯͳͳʯʯͷŵһɺɫǿհâ˲ƺˮӿʯʯѡ

ʱҶһ𣬾ͼʣʯʯͳͳڲڿʼʯʯѿ
ʲô
Ҷ𾪣ʯʯѣȻʲôʡʲôֻҪʣƺգŴռ䣬ʶҪʯʯѿҶĶڲЩɶǾ޴Ƹ
һҶȾµ£ģʯʯѿҪѴեɣȡʧȥͻ飬ʯʯѻƵȥ
ˡ
̫һӡ
Ҷȿɲװ׿ŵֱȫΪΪʯʯӪƷ˴ʲƸΪƷҶȻ۵Ѫ
ֹʯʯѣӡҶЩףΪ֮ԭǶ۾ҪϧƽʩչӡʯʯѣҪ֮֮ԭȥӡ֮ԭҪһա
ٿ
Ҷһ۵糸һ㣬ڷʯʯ֮ǰ˫غϷʯʯѿֻͨСȴҶֲһ£˿
ᣡ
ɲǼ䣬ӿ̫һŷĿۣ৵ӿʯʯѣͬʱʩչַӡʩչǿӡҪʯʯѸ׷ӡ
ţ
ۿһӡ̫һ̫ģ̫źɫʯʯѺѹγ֮ʣ˵ؾҪʯʯѣ֪һɺɫǳ֮⣬ͻȻʯڲ

̼֮䣬ͻȻҶȾͿʯѣŷԨǳ֮ˮޣٶɼӿʮռ䶼ͣ٣ΧӡȻҲʯ룬޷赲
ҵ̫һ
ڹʯʯѱҶǳ֮ʱҶҲ˲֣Ҫջ̫һǧһɷӡ̫һȻֿʯʯ̺ԣȻڱʯʯɣڴڲɽˮ롣
ҶȱҪջ̫һ̫޼˻ӡʯѵģ̫һǳ֮УҶȱüͷһչ¶Цݡ
̫һʮ٣ݳǹͨ磬Ϲν̺磬κ޷ȣҶȱʮ㣬ֻ̫һ̫һ
Ȼ
Ҷ뷨̫ͬһһ㱡Ưʯ֮⣬̺ĵرʯɡ
ʯɽֱ޼ɵ̫ޣû뵽ȻԶգֻٶȺô
̫һѹҶȵʯѣϸϸһһƷ˿ʯʯɣڴڲɽˮʯɣҼһſʯʯѣֻһӣͱʯʧȥ󣬻Ϊͨʯͷ
̬ı̬ʯѣĪйǿ϶ɽ֮磬Զ޼ɵɣ϶һĴڣ
ԽԽףԱ߼Խڰ󣬲ſԣǰʯʯѣȻȡԣˣƺʲôա
ҶȾһԼ뷨
ʯ
ֵһץһһƷһŰƴʯһɫץУȻ˫üһ壬ץʯʯѡ
ͻͻͻ
ﱻʯʯѸ֮ƣڱ棬ֻһӣͱɣΪ۳һŻ챦ʯպһӣͱեΪһͨʯ飬ա
ֻʣһƷһֻȭףʯʯʯֻʯ׷ױեֻ֮ȭףִӣͼһըΪûйƬʯøɸɾ
ȭʧȥȻҲͻ顣
һƷֻҪӾˡ
Ҷ𺳵˵ֲ̫ˣʬٶȣҪʮֹҪһһƷ⣬ҲҪǸʱʯʯѾȻֻҪӣ˼顣
Զ޷׷ӡ˷ԣ̫һ׷ӡҪһֱȥѴʶƻ䶼Ҫ飡
Щҳһ˿ҶȿʣǸյģ浣ʯʯѰեɣǼ̫һû̺κԣԶ룬ʣ´̫һһӡ
ʵ
ٴ趯˫֣þһӡǵزסʯʯѣƵģʵʵʯ˼£ǳ֮ʧˣʯҲͨʯͷӡš
һ֮ԭʯ֮еһ⽵ٶ֪ǲ纵һ磬嫣ڶٸǺ壬Ƕ۾Ҳ֪ȥ纣
ʯʯУоһɽ󣬲ôҪһɵۣ޷ӡ
һʯʧȥӡٶȣ򣬶ᱻɶգ˵ʯѻᵮ
ٿ
ջԪʹӴҶȱסʯѣִ߶䣬һǹ⣬ʧ
ţˣʲô£
֮У纺վһɽˮڻȻ߶ƣͼҶȴҲֳֻҶͷ󺹣ɫ԰ףƺһĶǴս
ҶҲ֪Ӻ˵̯ģ¶ʯʯѣ㿴⣡
纺һ⣬Դʯ֮ϣʯȻ֮纺̺رԣû˿ɽ϶ɽ֮ȴһԣƺֲ֮оУƺһ壬𡭡
Ҹҿ϶Բɽ֮ҲǷ֮Ӳǵ֮ΨһԽ͵ǣҲ֮
˼һ纺һͷˮ
Ҷ¸ƣ纺֪Ӳ֪纺ﱾԴİ֮壬֮ӦӦȴҿ϶Ҷҡҡͷ磬ȴûжٵԣ֣ⱻǶ۾ķӡţʯ֮еʣ㲻֪һɽǿֲҾþ֮һƬҪ⣬Ҳԣ
ԣҿʣأֻ̺һ˿˿ԣһ˿˿ԣԣ̫˼棬ܶϻ磬ûȥʯпܾԶʴڣҲѿ纺Ҳû취ˡ
Ǹʲô
Ҷ纺󲻷һʱͷˮѵˣ


622 ˳
Ƕ۾֪ǺֻõѣҿⶫҪԺ̤磬пܽ⿪ܣɽ죬û˿Խ
Ĭ֮纺ȴƽ֡
ֻµĺܣ޷ѹֻԣǿѹһԣǣ
ҶȽסʯѣһ巢ͷͷ૶ҪҰ⿪ӡͶϴô
ղŲ˵ֻǿܷӡɽ֮⣬ûмӵдԣɽ磬û˿ԳѹҪǽ⿪ӡϴ֮УϴԭҪգｫΪһ֮أ
纺붼û룬пܽ˵˳
ּԤ룬ͨ˶õο纺
̬Ҹо˸ʱᱬըըõһԻκʣʱҶȸоʯѣ̫ˡ
ҪǽԸ칬ֲһ칬Ҫ⣬ֵʯ̫֮󣬱޷ƿأʱɽһ޴˭Ҳ޷ƿأ½硣
ǸΣը
ˣ
纺Ȼͫһ⣬Ӻ˸׷ױ˫ͫҶ̰֮ʯѷ֮УնɱǶ۾ȥ֮ԭ˵ҵһ˿˿
С㣬õˣ
ϸ˾;ϼһˣһΰ߳ɫУ纺¶ѹֵЦݡ
ϣˣҲѶӡãϲ飡纺У״ţǺ֮䣬һӡɳա
ѱн纺Уʼӡȷ֮󣬾ϼҼλߣһ׾ͷȥ
纺Ҳ򿪱Уڲռ䣬ȷһ˵ҩպúӣʩ񣺡һƷ赤٣ϣԲ
С˴󷽣ϸɳϸȻҪΪСô£ڳǰˣ׼ãڻʳ֮⣬ϼڸɽϴԺɽɽ磬ϴ̻ᶼʹãȻϼϱ
ͳһɫֻжָ̺߳һΰ־߽־֮Уϼơ
Ȼ纺£˴ɳֽϼռˣ᲻ռôȻҶ֮ǰ֪ͨҲмֶ
ʹ纺ҶһȦϼҲٸ߲㣬ȫһףмǿߣҪ纺סһʱ䣬Ǳ纺лǾԻͳǡ
Ϣ
ڴʳǳǽϼҰۼʿеͣ커£纺߹󲻿£Ҷȸں棬ҲǸһȣҶȰʩչ龻֣ѸӦϢ
Ȼճʳǣϰٰۼʿػλˣվǰһī´磬ȥܲٿ࣬жųſȻ۾һԱһ˵֣ǾҶȣҶֵܣ
Ҷֵܣ
Ųüͷһ⿴ʳǣɻ֣ҶΪز¶޷νңҾˣ
ҡҶֶʥԱ֮ǰʥ˵ʥ˶ֵҶֵܴ˵ȷز¶壬֮ǰʥźţΪƫԶ֮أʥֵܣ֪ҶֵǡΧ
ˣһαǧ꣬Ϊֻһ˭Ҷ֣ˣ
һƣƵ˵Ҳ̾ü֮䣬óʥǶôгɾ͸С
С㣬Щǳŵӣһˣϼأȡ飬ôСϣƹǣ
ʼӣڶ纺ǰ¡Ųǰ䣬ɱأмһˣʲô£ɽСͷϼǰʲôǣԺҪסŵӣҪϴԭһɱһ
ӣһͣôϣˣµһƳ죬ŷ֮ǰʶԹǳΪŭȴǸŭԣʱٵϼңǴɵӡ
ϸˣƤӣȻӦС㣬ŹȣϸȻǳ֣һΣϸ
С㣬ϸҪ£Ϻȥϣ֮ټᣬͣһ˺պȥ
ߣ
纺Ҳԣûµһۣ֪Ҷ͸Ϻش£˳ѩӥϴԭԵȥ
ѩӥϣûô˵ֳĬŰʱϺؾͰͳ硣
Ҷ֡
ϴգµһݹӭҶȡ
֣ܿˣһӦٷӸڸִɽ񣡡Ҷ˸ӵ´һۣǳǱϼҸֳ벻١
´ҶŲǰ٩٩Цֵܣ˵ʲôܿ࣬λǹŲƹֵܣֵܽʶѣܣֺɣͼʥΪӪһԱ
ŲǰһȭҶ֣л֮ҲǶƶ֮ˣһʥ
Ŵ綼˵һˣα˵һȻλֵûд󰭣ǲڴ˱룬Ҫֶ죬񣬲֪λҪȥηҶȴ󷽵
µǱҪȥμɽɽ翪ڴ䣬·ϴԭֲҰĺ飬һʱ̲סͳȡ֪ϼҸ֣ΧƵǽڻָɣֻҪȥμɽڴ䣬׵ܵܣɽһλϣǱȥ󣡡
ɽ
ҶȺȻԪᣬɽ˵̫ϤΪפɣɽ
Ҷڿǣȥɽ磬꣬һǹһǴ½˷ɽ硣
û뵽ȻɽϢ
ŲƼҶ⾪飬֪б飬ŲʵҶ֣Ҳ֪ɽ
Ҷ侲ˣʵһλѣɽӣԭ½ȥѰɽҲһϵ
ԭˣɽһصɽһɣɽ緢չܶ꣬һֱûнţɽ߲㣬ھɽ罨ţһ̤ɽ磬Ǿķѣǰȥ󣡡ŲƵͷӳһ⣬ƺ֪Ҷɽйϵʮˡ
½ŵҿβô򵥣ɽйأһЩ½ɣҪɽڣǰţе˻ҳӣιֵܵȥ·£
ɽҺѽפţǹ룬ҲҪȥ֣ϣλˣһͬǰȥҶȿ纺Ȼ纺ͨ纺ûзԣҶȶŲ˵Լ뷨
˶֮ãǵ˾ʹ˻عţҲμɽŴͻع飡
¶λŵŵߣŹŲƴ죬Ҷȡ纺˳ʷȥ


623 ɽ
ʱϴԭڲһʥѩ֮ϣϼٸֶڿŴսٶһͨͨһӰòõ뾴
죬ܵõȱ׸ϣ´󹦣ԭ㼴һ׵ɢȥϱΪ쾭չΪϴ辭úΪɽ帺֮һ
ͨӰƮò֪ĸʱգֻ΢΢һ֣һ߽תϣɲǼ䣬ݴѮϸرüϸüһˣƤһɻȥ
ָֻ쾹ȻһλʮͷٸݹòޣɼʱҲһλ绪Ů
󣬶ٴѰԺɽߣҪȱʲôƷ赤ʲô
ӰΪϴϻ֮ͯ󣬾еΰ־ɲʧѩ񷡣
ϣ
ϼҸ֣Ͷعȥ
ˣɲ⣬û뵽̻ڲѰʱϣ̤ײλһ
ȥ׷С͡
˿ͬƮ죬һصױʧΪһѩۣһʧѩ御ͷ
âԭɽ޽֮УưμһƬƽԭ֮ϣԭͬһͷʨվƽԭӰ˷
ԭçХɽç羭ʴ£һ㣬Ƿۣԭһ޼ʣֲǳټƽԭԶɽԭӣâԭһ֮ء
ֶӻ֮£âԭȴһǳأǳعģٽ֮Уǳ룬ͻأһΡɽɽһ᲻ɴç硣
ɽߴףһɫ±ϣšɽɫ֣ʮλ۴ɣڽɫΧǶһſɫʯɽ֣֮˸ɫʥ⡣
ɽɽ壬һΰʰΣΧƣùȥԡ
͸ɼÿд硢װͬ߶ιۣЩɽ粻ͬطͬšֻֻɢޣʲôﶼУвɣɽ϶࣬һټ
½иˣɽɳأɽӷɽ壬Щ˶μɽڴ䡣
ʦܣٹ꣬ɽ֮գʱδ
ɽʮԭգһ޴У۸޷жߣǾã֮УȴŽ磬֮Уɽʮλλɸ߽׵ӣڹʯ󷨡
֮УƵλߵһλŲʮ꣬ұ˵ʮͷߺ룬һââ˸һ˿ɻ벻ѯλ
һһۣͨ˶һһɫַģ˼һҲĵʦ֣ҲڼǰҴٷ˵Ҫųʦһμӿڴ䣬ʱ㣬Ӧü;͵ˣ
ⲻǿտװ𣿡
ʦַǳż޷͵ʦܣʦҪΪ㣬ڣţҪ£ڳǰнǰ֣ҲΪ룬㿴жſЦҲԭ䣬Ϊâԭ֮ѪɱҲɲˣǰ񣡡
Щԭ䣬̫ʢɽ϶ڸɽҪǱƼˣͷٷǸԭ䡣߷߲ƽĺȵ
ʦֲҡҡͷɽɣҪڸɽ罨ɽţѪȷ磬ŶУ˫üס˷ţɽɽ緢չҪһҪǳʲô⣬Ժźɽ㣡
Ϊ϶ɽɽĺ˵ŷչ
ৡ
̸֣֮ʣڹʦͻȻŷһ⣬ţһٷԶٷٷǳŹʦֻܶ⣬ץסٷ
ٷֻһˣ֮˲ſᡣ
ʦ֣ҴϾ͵ȥӭӣʦվһΰģŲ߰˷
ЩʦֵܣȻҲҪȥӭӣ
ʦֳʮλͷʮֶЩɶǼӳ󷨣
ಡ
ʮλçս֮зӶʱһ֮𣬰ç綼ɢֱӵʮ֮⣬űƽԭͷɹһͺͺɽ֮󣬽ʾͷɫԭԭ¶һɽ֡
˿̣ǴӴһĵӰϢǹֳӰûܿˡ
֣Ҷ֣ǿǾֵܹᣬĶɽĵӣ
һƼ䣬¶Ҷȡ纺¡ŲˣŲƴһ⣬̾ͼǰշʮλ̶λɽʦܽ
һǰڣʵף
ҶĿһɨϲУѲ߲ʵ֮նɱһǿߡ
ȻҲɡɾһŴһ׵ʮ׷ֱ𣬵ÿݣҲǰڡڷֱΪʮѣȻúһ׾ǰڡ֮֡
һǰڣʹͻ٣ƴɾ̤һ׽׶Σһ׺ڣ꣬ۺǿ󣬴ﵽǰ̤ڣоϣһ׺ڽס
ǰҶҲһ̤ɾӵǿʵȻҲͿ֮ķֱ벻ͬŲƣǶһ׺ڣʵȳҪǿ󼸱
纺ҶߣС˸ҶȣӲ˵ҲùŲ²Сӣ纺ҲǾˣټҶϵҲҲеס
⼸ͬ·ϴԭɽ;У˹ϵԽǢȻûٸʵףҲóҶ纺֮΢ϵ
磡
ʮһһӼӿٶȣֻһգۣʩչǿƿֱӴԽգҶǰἤǧӭӡ
ֵܣɽҪɽ翪ɣ᲻ֻ·ϣЩ⣬ڶˣŴ磬λҶ㶼дУ
ŲֵܹӯҲȥţһ߶֮󣬹ŲŹ¡Ҷǰܡ
Ŵ磬ҲǧδˣŴСܸм֮޷Ա粻ҪУ
֮󣬲ҶǰĿҶϣͷһɲϢиӦҶΪȴʲôҲһתʲô̶ҶȱȭСᣬҶ磡
⣬⣬ҶʥԱôҶһˣһһСҪ鷳㣡
ҶȸǺСڡ
ʲôµȻر˵Ҷ硢Ŵ磬룡һУʶк໥ʶ֮һȺ˵Цâԭȥ


624 Ÿ
ɽһţ
һ˺ܿâԭɽ߲Ҳƺ֪ŲƵ˵Ϣɳλɣλǿ߳ӭӡ
ҶһɽǸߴʥɽһĪϤС
ӷͨ޽֮أﵽһɽ磬ɽ֮УԵɺ꣬ǶɽɽӣʱţɽǶɽ硢ɽһɴڣ̫ڡȡŵɽ硣
ԭҶǴݣȴһɽ̤ɽ磬Ҳɽɽ̤ɽ磬ѰҴţճΪŵӡ
֪;УȻٻ칬ִ߾ɱ֮£ΪٻҶһŭɱ칬ɽΪصҲ޷֮ǰ㣬̤š
ʴ˶ɽҶһУɽû˿Ϊꡣ
뵽һɽ磬һֱšһɽɽǰȥҲϡƽֵһᣬ߶ûпɱԣɽɽ緢չ֮Уֶ춼Ǿɽɡ
һðգһءɽʲô̫ڡȡųɣҶǰǾСɡ
ɽƺһƶɡ
һֱҶߵ纺ʱôҶȹͨ·ɳɽΪ棬Ϊ֮֮£ûçԭڵģ½ϵһУ˵ġ
Ҷ⣬־͸ɽȻͨʯ£ڲȴӡһɽηһϷӡ󣬰ѷԭǸƷǷһ׿ԿģȻҲ޷׾ǿߡ
ɽ磬ɽɽ磬Ҳûмǵǿߡ
ɽɽɸ
գ֮䣬ɽ¡ػӭУҶȵֱ̤ɽ֮ϣ빬һϢ
磬λҶҶ磬ΪΪߣֻóһЩ
ź֮󣬹Ų뿪ʼɽ߲㣬ȴŹŲľˮȪԣʼʳоþδš
˼ܼ򵥣ɽڴ䣬ĶҲֻΪɽҪһˣɽҲط˷Ѿ
Ųһδ𣬶ᲽȪأԭ֮ѵõ֮أԼƬ̣ŲƲſʮĹ᣺ֵܣɽܴĺܴеҪȥ
Ŷ
ôһ仰ƺʲô
֪ǸҰˣǰҲɣܲԼΪɢޣԼ޵ҲɽһʲôʥҲ֪еɶԿ֪Ǵǧ磬治Уǧ֮ܵܣ
Ųζֵ֮ǰԱ̾μʥҪŸһ£ɽ̫ã̫׼̤ɽ磬ʱͶʥԪ尣磬úôһɽ硣
ֵˣ磬ɽɣΣأϣҪעЩˮ
ͻȻ߱ϸ΢ŹŲƳɽСȥ
֮󣬹Թһɽʥڣд󷨶һһأһɽɣԹڴ֮УһɸеֶΣֳ
󷨶š
ʦܣ̳к£
֮ԭտͻأֳһ⣬⣬ͽһռ䣬г׳һʥɽӰΧʮһߣǿߡ
˫ֺһɷǣ˵ʦ֣ϣϴ½֮ţһŮӣɽ֮У
ꣿ
һλߣ˫΢΢չһӡǰʥɽӰ֮Уķӡһ֮Уһ־ģ߾ץһӰ־Ȼꡣ
ȷŮӣɽţǴףĵӣʳڣ̶꣬ʹһ̤ף־˵֮־ʧˡ
Աһλ׷ߣͷɢ᣺ʦܣλʲôˣҪŹɭϣ磬޷̤ɽ磬´󹦣ɽɶ֮ʣûҪñ
Ϊȴ˼ʦ֣λѣҴʥһԱŹϵҲңֶӣ
ֶ죡
ЩϣԭǸλߵĴڣڹһλ߳Ϊĺĵӣϣһֶ죬һһڣǿߣһλ˵ˣԸŮӽղϷɽ糤ŹͨŮӿɲˣ̤ɽŲãԴĽ״ܴ߽ף֮ǰ̤ףȷǸţϷҲţֱ̤ɽ磬ص
ǣϣ
飬ʵҲǶżӰˣͬţҲеλ֮֡
ǣ
ĬĬͷС뿪ת֮ʣ̳ŭǴ罻ģֹغҶ磬ЩšһҶֶӣ̬ȶˡ
ߣ
һ˦䣬뿪硣
УȫѴﵽһ۷壬ʱ̤סɽ꣬عⲻ󣡡
ɭһƫҶӾռ߳һУ۴߳Ƹ
뿪䣬ҶȲδ纺УڷչϢƹһȣҶȥᣬȻѯ֮½չΣ֪½֮£Ұиһѣһն
ҶƱҪӿɽվסţΪֶ̤ɽ磬ʸʥɽ޴ɣ˸Ͳ칬
һжֻʱ⡣
ˣ֣ҶɽˣֻЩЦαص棬ֵϺɲ裡
ڼһʮֿ԰һˣɵУȴڻֻɽʮλӣ룬ù˵͡
ţ
һȣҶȱ˫־ĿڹϣϾͱǰ˸ס⣬Ϊ˴硢ţԼϢҶӡǳ֮ŵӡ
ţҶǣɽ磬һϣͯ棬һ׷ɱҶʱǶ֣նᵶһնͯͷ­ҶȿҪشۣɱͯ档
ڵˣҶȴӲǣͰѺ޵û뵽ȴײϣԩ·խ
ҷһʮίԹ͵֣£ţ㿴ˣţ˵Щµӷ
󷽣ͷߣҲһǸߣţƺѹУһЦԩ㣿
ţʲô
ۿ޷ס˫̬޷֮ʣһһ


625 仨ˮ
ʲô
ⷽʮˣŵúܣƺǹҪѶԷڹȻ˲мţͷ׷׳Դȥ
Ҷ硭
ᷴӦ죬֪˭һ٣ͬҶǰü֮ɫɽͣξ£ЦģҶ磬̣
֣ɽ޹أͰķڶϲ£ˣʹ
ҶȷƵ̬Ĺǹ컡ȣֱˣ˫֣̣˵ģɽ磬Ҳ쵱ɣѵЩɢαҪ۸ģ
СӣðĶ
ಡ
ʮŴɸ֣ǶǴɸ߽ףԶͯǿͬ籩˲ΧסҶȡ
ǲȥضԷԷ㣿һɱڣüִĴɣҶԵСľӹУȴͷһȻķ
أ
ʱλ޷ĿҶΪɽ쵱ǴᲢ۵ģɽڴ䣬ʵҶһǵˣȴܳȳš
Ȼˬˡ
Ǵɵӣֻ֣ǸҹӣҲЩߣҲݣȻ
Ҷǰδг˼ǽɨ˺ǰˣȻִӹɽɨͫǰȻһ֮ϡ֮£ȫм¹ӲǿСӣҲħͷɱ˲գۣ֪ʩ񣬵Ǹղųײ֮£ʹ»С
øˡͬһˣеֶΣŵòɱɱȴҹЦˣʱᱻתͷҧһڣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾ֪Է˼ˣǸ黹겻ˣ֮󻹻ֶεѣʵڲУ͵֡
ˣ֮һСĦɽλСֵܵ£ͱȥѶԷ䲻һɣҲ֮ˣ°裬Ҷ
ʱ򣬾ӣҪҶȵżϷŪ֮ʱҪɱӺǰǿ׳ͬʿˣΪˣǸǶʮͷ꣬ƤëƴӶɵĳ¡
һǱ޷
֪Ц񣬱ΪʲôǲԭСѣСС޳㻹Ŀˣ
ɽڴɳĮԭƽԭɽЩطڴ벿䣬֮ĺɳأֻϴƽԭϼңǽһңҲ޲ԭеһѡ
ҵȷʲôڲԭڶಿ䣬䶼㲻ϣҾ˼̤
ˣţȻֱ׳ڲڱƺʱҪ֡
ҶȴƵ˵ءʲôˣ¾ͳȰ֮£ãȥ£۹˽ҵҪʲô£Ҫɽʱ̣£
ããһȥ֮£Ժ㣬ǴģȰСӸˣ
üɫ裬ʵǸϺ꣬ɽӵִڣٰ裬Ҳ˼ҵط̫ȻǿĲܶԸǾļ̤ҶȾĿꡣ
Ҫ۸ֵܣ򣿡
ǣǣ
սһ֮ʱŸĦȭƣĥͻȻҲһɰԵ䳰֮
λ磬ʱ򣡡
һϲתһͼŲʮλŲŭڣֱӱŶӭȥ
ʱɫһʮλɲǿЦҲҵв˶һɺĵӣʵ֮ϣ£ǳŵӣ˱ɫˣ£֣
׽ССţһϡ
˭֪һʩȴƨɣµ裬²̨棬Ҷߣʵֵܣûɣ
ССһȺ蹷ѣ££ҶȻֶŲƣֻǶ׵ͷδˣǰ㹧ʩ
ЩЩףΪҶһˣȴ侲ĪǼˣֻһλӣͷԡ
ˣڱɨӣֱҶȳЦһڣСӣΪʶţҪٸҳԲѷ˲ʲôˣҪÿ
ˣҪٸҷҿҪ֣ûҶȱ̬ǰһҶȡ
Ҫԡ
£ɵĺܣǴŽǶȣʵ¶ֻ֣ҧ㡭øţû꣡
ߣӾߣ
ˣǸϺ꣬˶Ҷȣɽֲ֪˺ôҪ뿪˲ҪҶȴһֱţߺһҪ뿪ɣһӺֹ
ţҲҪʥǸף㰲Ȼȥ
ҶȵڶЦǺǣôģҲҪ㳤ԣԺ𵽴ҧˣ蹷

˵ɲǣɣһûðɣҪһУҶȳ֣˭֪ҶɻĿע£һ֣ʮ˵ɫӰ৵ӿƶһ󺣵ƣʮ˽׿ܾɱš
͵һûϵҶȾȻȳ֣ͷŷĿɿڴʮ˽׿ܣʲô
͡
ʮ˽׿ֻǺ֮䣬ɱţһɵӣ޷ӦһɾһѪͬɱڵϲҽС
ƣ
ӣʮ˽׿ǿʵ£ܣžͳһӿ趯צ˿˲նɱʮɵǿߣŭˡ
ŭˣһǿʵΪһ޴ʮ˽׿ܺݺݵغɨ
񡫣
ʮ˽׿ͬʱһƣʮףһ̵͵һײһÿҪɢƿˣȻҲһ£³һѪ
һʷ˫ֽ֣

Ҷɫ糣Ц֮⣬һץʮ˽׿ܾͽʱˣǴɻһɣҶͻǿʵѪӿ
һȺѣǹһˮҲмǣʲôˣ˼㵤ﱻ飬Ľ𵤣ϻ³סʥҶȣ
ҶȺݺһ֣һɲƣһ໲ҽеŵӣʮˣɨ԰֪ȥˡ
Եǿƣǿ󣬵ԺҶȲѴ֮ʹ棬巢顣


626 ټ
εʵΪףһ棬Ͱһһǿߴܣܵ˳׸ɾ
ڳʮλ䶼ʶҶȣﶼޱǾҶһǿơ
âԭ˷֮УһްԵɣɽ磬ɣڳҲֻгѹţɽһأ˭ԸţٳŲƣû˸ҡ
λѣݣҪҼҶ֣Ϊտ¾ϣ
Ųƴ˼žգվҲ𾪵ĿɿڴĹͷͷź˵Ҷ֣ʥֵܣ첻Ҷֳ֣Ҳ֣ˣͱȥţҪǻ£Ҷ֡Ȼȥ޻أ
Ȼɽ紳ŲᣬΪʥơ

Ҳ˾ȻùŲ˼
ǣҲǡôɽӣʳں԰һƶ˽붴ʼԺȡ
ֵܣγֳĺã
֡ʶһҶ뿪ùŲƼŴңճȣ¾͸Ҷȼﲻ˵ֵܣҸոյ֪μɽʢᣬʵҷӣѹɽɽɽ罨ţδ϶ЩͷɽδᣬҪѹֵοǰɽæҲΪɴ
Ҷһ¥󣺡ʥ̫СչʥΣԺһ뾡취ʥɽˣ⼸ʮ꣬ʥˣ
üͷ𣺡Ųʮλī֡Ԫ尴ʱṵͨһ£ʥҪҪ࣬Ҫ֣ʸ룬һУѡһЩ֮ˣĹ֣
ʥŲʮֵܣ
֮Ҷðôһ仰зŷһʯͷٶȣʥҪչ̫̫ɽ磬ȥɽ緢չʱ⣬ɽɱ׼ȡһ֮ţȡΣһֶΪĵӣʱػǰɽ磬ʥ
ɱ
֮䣬⼸֣ΪεɫΪΣ̨Ǵ̨ʱɽСɣָÿ춼ʮϸƽûʵȡɽСɣֻֶʮֵܣֵʵһɽ֮У
˵꣬¼ҶȣҶȴʱһߣɲ⣬ƣ¸оʥΪɽһɣ롣
Ҷ֪ɱĲпԣûʸ񣬿ɼһߣɽ˲űֶ֣ڣҲĸ֣ҪɽΣɽ磬ϼѣкܴģûģҲҪģ
ȥɢɢ͸͸һˣſ϶ưڸݣ˲֣ҲҪ׼ֹ͵Ϯ
˵˵ţʧȣ
˿̣ɽԹ빬ؽʱ֮С
ɽȻͬ죬½磬Ϊû뵽ɽ˿ֲףɽҲ㲻ʲôǾͷ硭
ڲ֮Уһߣ˫ַһٷͨͨȻɽɽĽ磬ǷͬСɣԿɽʵҲɲ⡣
򿪵ءؽ֮ͨУһŮӣնһɫ£һ̴ųͬͨףŮʮãȻŷǿƣɽѹȥ
½źĵӣ꣬ҪϷΪϴ㾡ϰɽ編򣡡
ߣɲ⣬˫ۣ˫΢΢תӡһɽ編ӿŮ塣
ŮӣǴɽꡣ
ɫʧʼ߹ɽ編򣬰ɽ編ͳͳƣԡ߲ʷ֮С
һ칤
꣬ϣ
߲ʷʧ֮࣬ͨӳǿ˿磬߹ʩ
ߴһͨʧˣջָƽٵĵ꣬Ƹɽ磬һΪʳڣһ棬ΪֶܵһλУֶɽľͷǰֵһᣬû뵽ֶ쳶Ϲϵ
ֶ죡
ϣͻȻ𾪣ͫһ󣬲ƽʩϣĪ˵ˣҶ
ȷֶйϵܺãҲҪɽ㣬غŴƣֶɣɽδйϵģ˼ϣúϵֶߵøһڸɽ磬ҲиųԶչҪأ
΢΢˵Ȼƽм䣬Եԡ
ŷģҶҲһϵӻŬٴʩ񣬵ȻڳЦҶʲôϵȥǡ
ȥҶѣλҶǲ򵥣ոеӴϢλˣ֮ˣҶҶѣ˲űֶӣز¶ȥɣ
һ֣Ͱ硣

ڴ֮Уɽǰѯʣ뿪һ·ϣľ૰Ȼɹֶ졭
ԺҶһɽЩӡ
ɽ磬ֻǷˣԷ֮ɱ칬ɡŰ갡Ȼʵ
𾪡ԸӣҶȵڶɽֿôһֱûҶϢĵģһµ֪Щоʵ
ʦãλʦ֣
һ߹ȣӴ꣬ں԰ͼڼеȴĹᡣ
ʦ꣬ʦ֣
ʩŹƣ޷¡
һɨ¶⡢ЦݣͷʦãããôˣȻô֪Ҷ罻ȵȣҶڸ;У
꣡
˶Ի֮ʱһ־籩ϯ˿ɵҶȾͲ֪ʲôطƾֳƵģĪЦݳǰ
Ҷ
ݺҧΣһʱ䲻֪ôڡ
磬ǾȥҲϣ˴ţҶȿ˼ɣȻĹ˼Ҳĵģǳͷ
ᵱȻףҶķͬһ㣬ϰԾżɽȥ
ЩꡭĲðɣ
԰֮УҲǰٻţﻨ㣬Ȫˮ죬һɨķˣ˳
ΪҶɽһλѡˣ˿ûİУͬһ㣬ȻһĻ𣬲ϲǡô


627 ϴ
Ҷ˲ͷӿϯȫָоǾΥģɽ絽թɱ¾ϣںεأ
ɽ磬УǶɵӣǷޡˡѡҲΪһϣ
ҵľͲ˵ˣֻʱ򣬾Ǿ֮ʱٻǹͷֵģɢȥ
Ҷһˮأһ΢üͷ꣬Ǿ÷еĸˣȴ֮ø¸Ľ
Ҳ
ҶȳĬӳĬ˾һ󣬵ɽ£ƺ񷣬껰һתһֱڵ㣬ʮǰҸ״Ӱнػһǿ½շˣ˷ʥɢˡؽԪˣ
Ҷһݣ̫λˣ
һ̣Ҷ糱Ȼϣ̫λ´Դмɾ߽ǿߣһȷɽʥɢؽԪˣʥʱɾŽףɾһ֮ңעġ
ҶȾϲżģ꼱æڣŪݣҪѰҵˣҵ˴ңֹ󲻾ã˷ԭ֮ǰзɽ磬̽ʵ˷ֱǻҷʥ칫죡
ҷɾʮףѹƣͷ챾߽Ϊڼڷɽ磬Ϊ棬ʥ칫
һϤ֣ҶԺиһӰʥ칫ӶʣҲ֮С
̫λ棬һһ֣ʸɡ顢ʥҶҶ𡢺塢ˣҲҪڲ÷ɽ磡
ɲǼ뵽ˣ˱ɾ߽ףЩˣΪͨ쾳ɾͽ֮䣬Ȼڶ̶̼ͻɾɾΪˣҶָһ㣬µԴ꣬Щͳͳ½
̫λ֮УҶеعع֮ʯ󷨣һ̫¯ҹȼգṩԴԴ̫һֻ㼯λƸɾ޵ɾҪꡣ
˵ʹﵽͨ쾳ɾ
ҶȴĺԴ˽͸ÿߣͻƷԽԽ̩࣬Ǹʱߣ޼
ֵ˰ңΪҵĹϵɽ磬ҷչܿ죬ǰɽ֮һҲΪˣҾĦҲ֪ұ̫֧֣ɽʵ̫ڣңڽã᳹ױһȨսлЩ϶ᵹһţ
̫ڵȷҪɽʵϣҪǿһأǰֶֻ̫Ტۣ
̫ڣ˵ʵҶȴδɸ֣ɽ罨ɶѣֲʥɽЩһɣ˵ҶȵȻһЦ㲻õģȾɱұ½һˣѰҡҳ׽з£ҲҪһҪ½˴ɽ磬һɽ磬ͳͳΪʥģҪʥɽһɣ
㵹ʲôʱɣɱɽʢ£֮ӣϸһĨĽңɼ
ɱֻɽſԲμӣɢǲܵģŲƣԶûʸμӣһЩСɣֻһʮһʮѣɽжɣܴ֮꣬СɲߣǶһţ꣬Ҳûʸμӡ
ڴˣ֮žʥλ֮ء
һɣɱǸ׳ᣬԹСɲܶɹһɶȡɽ̫Щɣֻвμӵķݣ꣬ǲܵġ
Ȼʧ֮ʱҶȺȻʮأͨɽ߲㣬ϽҪΪɽμӾɱ
ң
һһէǲˣ͸˫ͫŶ˹󣺡ҪЦˣֻдʮʸǴףӵдżõָҲܶԿ
ҶЦݸأǰСˣǰҲͬСڣȻҶȴӲȥ룬Ȼа취ڰڣﵽʮףҲпܣɽ֮ţߺܶܶ࣬ʱкܶһɲģΪӮңҼƻ㣬Ҽλѣڴɹɽ֮Ӯңǵģ
̫ͻȻˡĲʵһĪɽ磬һɱȴ£Ȼһôࡣ
ɽڴ仹Щӣżʱ⣬ǡҿʱ⣬Ϊߣ
һṦ򣬵껺ҶȾʹϢƫ֮Уý纺κ˶޷֮УҶȸַ۾գ£Ϊ޷˿̲Ҷȱ仯жô˼顣
ռ䣡
Ҷȷһ㣬һ͸֮Уһռ䣬Զ̳ڣҶȿɲ̳չָ֪֪Ҳûкô
ৣ
Ҷһ⣬ס˾ƾʧҶڵĵط
Ǻδ
ָͷڳظ߼ɫռ䣬ռ䣬Ȼռѹȵúԣһֱɽ綼߼ϸһ𺳡
յɫռ䣬ֻҶ꣬ҶתӵеһϹŷ֮УһףΪҲ֪ʮʹ࣬ҪסͲ̫࣡
ȷʵ첻ȻҶ˵޼˻ףնɱаҶȾͶùΪٻϴҲù꣬޼˻װҲİ
ȰżƷ赤£ҩסĽ׶޷ȫһ赤һɶ
һץľͳһ赤Ǵϼҽ׶ļƷ赤պʱá
赤ǼƷ赤
赤˵һ㲻İɽɽ֮УʶϵҩҾȻǼƷ赤ǴɵĵҩΪ̫Сһɣͻᱬ
Ҷʵ׼Ʒ赤ıԥѵãҲҶȿ͵ֱһ¡
ͣ
£赤꾭ϵĿֲƵģһһѪۿ޷ҩ
ڰ׾
һ̣û˳֣·һȻҶô᲻ֻ֣һһɹȶ׹⣬һעڣʹúݺҧס촽
ڴҧѪɼ赤ɾ޴֮£ܶôֲʹࡣ
ͣ
Ҷȴ߶ʩչڰ׾̰ס꾭ڣǼƷ赤赤ͱ׳סȻҶϸ΢֮£ͬ뻹һ͸
ϸѪƤŹ


628 
ϸ΢ϴȻһҪģǿԪġ
Ƿ첹·崩룬ûģûоµľ빦ںϸ΢
ҶȾ־߶ȼУ޼˻ޱԵͣ΢⣬ͻԻָ˺
ҶΪɾҪΪɸѳԽޣɽ磬ûеڶˣΪɸ漣ҶȲһ˿ǵһΪ߽˸
ûκξ飬ֻǿʵ
ҶȴʱȫͨͨһѪҺǰװ赤һ꾭ʣһ赤֮С
̶Ҷ궼Ǿ޴飬ҶҪо⣬иҪޱ߱״̼ʹ࣬߬˫ȭʹ࣬Ҳܵ赤ǿҩ紺ˮ
ָ꣬컹δҶȻʵ꣬ܵ𣿡
û⣬ȥԾţ
ҵ˵һʹ࣬Ҳһ£ˮδͣʱʱü˫ȭд֨֨ͷĦ֮
ҶȾ˵һΪѡһʺ֮Ѵﵽزʺ

˲ļ䣬ױȵ𺳣ÿ֮͵ıٻҶȴڸΪһɣȻʲô
ǳΪߣ꽫϶ɽɽԼҲֶһɽ˷
´ȥɽ磬ңܵõ󷨹๦ȻȲʮڸʥԱҲ
ˮҶȻóУʥʥΪɽ糬ɣҶȲŻᴫȥ㴫ȥһɽ紫ա
Ĳеˣһȴ֪ΣɽˣɽۣߣΪǸ߸ϣ֮ϣͲɽ磬ǿԺкܶ׶ˣ
Ҷȿʼʮ滺ѰңһĪ⣬ڲơ
ϧǶ۾޷նɱҲһŹõһҪоһ
ѰţԼѰǰʱ䲻֪ţȻھռ䣬겻ʲô
ƣ
ҵˣ
ҶջĺǾûǰȥķӡһ⣺ƣͨ粻ʲôȴʺɽ緲УŹԵѭ򽥽ʺŮУ
ƣ
ڳ赤꣬ҶۣΪʵȻͷˮͬ
ţһǳʺ㣬ƳΪ󣬵ʱٿиӸ߼ѭ򽥽ʱŻɽߣԽ߼ԽʵǴģ
Ҷָһӡ꣬ܿͷںȥҶҲʼȫ߶ףϴ衣
̫ء嫣ɼȫǲͬģţע΢΢ԣ
һƣһͷˮͻȻܵһɿƵǱ֮С
ҶȵһЦһöӣεֲκҲ޷ȼ磡
ˣʱһ£
ͻȻҶվһǿư꣬˫͵һһƣ͵һ׾ʹڻ
ۡ
ʹ̣ȻҲ޷ܵסһ㣬һѪɫ԰׵ĺܣȴܻ֮ǰˡ
Ҷ˿һĴڹ򲻸ˣ˳չ٣ϴɣѴﵽϿʼƣںϽӣܴ꣬Ӵֱ̤ɰ˽ףŽףھɱʱͻпܣУܷڻͨ⼸㾳Ȼʱ򣡡
Ǹ㣬̤Ƭռ䣬Ǵɸ߽ף
һЦҶһʮ֮գһа깦Уȡͻưɣ겻һİ꣬ץᣡ
ҶȿʼҲȥ꣬ӣʣɹں⡣
ҶҪָʵΪΪ˾ɱнĽ
ֻȫ񣬲ʸμӾɱ
ڵңȱ̳ʯںϣǴﵽۣҪҪԼȥȡ
֮УҶȶȼʯ̳̳̫߼вʯ޵ģңֱնɱȡǿԴ
ָܻУĿǰִ̫࣬н;п϶ѣնɱǿУȡѻᣡ
ҶЦЦʼУ
Լչأ
񣡡
һ޷ƥеĹ⻪ڱըȻͻƴ߽ףƽٻȼգϨ֮ʣҶȾѳߣƴף߽ף⡣
̸ķ֮ҶȾʹ뿪˾ռ䡣
ʱڴ֮УҶָһ㣺ʱ࣬ɽڴ䣬ȥУʱ˵Ҳ࣬ɽڴҾҪϻֶ죬Ϊɱ׼
õģ
ܸɴӦתʹ򿪷ţͻȻͫһò˫ͫŮӡ
纺
һ̣Ůſڼ棬˴˶¶ɻ󡢴ȵȸɫŮ˼׽Ҷȥܣ֪纺ЦŽܣҽ纺ãﶼˣұģ
㣬꣬ģҾȥУҲһ΢Цݣ˴˵ͷ纺һ꼴뿪ƫ
纺ƫţҶĪЦꣿӣǰ˵ģȻʣȻֲʧ
ţҺѣҲͽٻ׽㣬ƷЩʱ⣬Ϊϴʱչкջ񣿡
ҶȻһת
£Ϣޣ˿ûжٽչɽʺУɽ֮޽֮أżҪȥ޽֮أʾлܿ죬ǽľ֮УٶҲӿ죡
ڻ޷ȫƿؾ䣬ͿȥУȥȻصֶ죬ͬʱ룬úþУ
ˣ׽ЩǹʯѣҪʯеҪޣһ۾ϳʯж⣡

Ҷȶʱоëһɺ͸ĽҿҾﵽɵۣʱ˵ɣ汬ʲô¶޷ѹƣʹˣðɣǳȥߣһɽ⣡


629 ڴ1
ء
ƻɽڳǳ룬˿ɽķһɽӣǧǣݳɺףźŽǣɽ񷷢ٴĺɽء
ɽɽ壬ԹĹ㳡˷ۼˣֱԲͬɣͬǲ䣬壬ߣԼǴɣ˿ɡӰӡ
ɽӣװ¡أʴ죬ڰԹϷգһ󷨼ӳֶŷɹ˷ӪУò֡
ڴ䣬ɽѵõʢᣬɽֻɣϴɣҲ㹻
Ưһ󷨣Ҳһ̨ɽҪǿߣһһٶλ󷽻ЩҪλá
ڣһƷʯһǧһƷƷ
һ̨߳һߣߣһͷ׷ӣɽ磬֮һ
ֳһƤ¶˸ģǲμӿڴȯϸϸ飬ֲʧм׾ͷɽ޵дڣԱʱҲǷ¼ӣ͸еݡ
ڹȻǲƴ֣Ըɽš
̨֣˷̴OO@@֮̾ܶ˶ۡ
ҽǧƷʯһټƷ
һǧƷʯһǧһƷ
۹ǧƷʯǧƷ
֮УȻ㳡˷˿ʼʵμӿڴܶͳƷҫλҲÿĻᡣ
۹ƺһʮرƺһżΪĸ߼۹춼꣡
̨󷽣Ҫɽѹ֮УҶȡ纺ꡢŲơ˲Ŷڲ֮УԵЩƵû˸СƼˣΪҶ֮£Ѿɽڲɽйϵ֪Ҷȵ˲ǡ
ʲô˭֪˾ҹȻһǴ˲Ǿ޴иʵ
̫ھǧƷʯǧƷ
ǧƷʯһǧƷ
ƷʯǧƷƷ
һţ̼䣬ڰ˷ʵը˹ϡﻩ۸ͣ
̫ŵӣǴɵӣܵķĿ⡣
ֶʮƷʯһһƷƷ
֮ʣλߺȻ£ޱأŰ˷ʵ
ֶ졭
ʱ䣬ˡͷһƬƺֶһըһ±ըЩϲ
˶֪ɽ絽һɣŶ㲻ϣһǳһɴڣǾֶ졢ʥɽЩڣһɽ磬Ҳһ㣬ܵķ£
ڳû뵽ɽȻֶϹϵܶ˶ܣǻǼʡ
Ȼʱ˿̣ɽ߲㣬࿴Ҷȼۣʮ֡
̨֮ϣ߼һţԼʱ֮Ŀһ֮ϣŰ˷üͷһʥʮƷʯһƷʮƷ赤

ʥ
ԭ˶ֶ죬һΪ֮һ
ɣƷ赤ɽ硢ɽ磬ּܳƷ赤ɽеϱ⡭ʥǺ˲ƴ֣
ʥûɣѵĳɴĵɣֻһЩɢǿ齨ɣ
Ǵɣķ˶ţɽٵӣҲţƷ赤һŶܳɽ磬һ³ʮţ䱦ΪɽʮססĽǿߡ
ôɽʵһˮǴߡ
ʥɶ񡭡
һѹµ۵ĵӣһ˵ͻȻۣˡ
⼸֣ͻȻجȿ־壬
ʦܣɣģ𣬾ŵĳʥҶȡŲơ£ջһ촦
ԱһߣͻȻһ˼һɺ嫵֮˲ӳڣ԰׵ʱѪɫλӣʮλλΪ
аѮ䣬ȴһͷڷȧ͹ͫӣΣӵƣŷһ񣬾Ϳ˺ռ䡣
ϳϣһҪΪұѩޣСӣҵ½𵤣ʹľʦҲĿ˽ץס
ͫӥɱ⣺Ѱźãμɽڴģܶ඼뿴ɽչǲԭ䣬мţʦ׼»ʥɽ²̨עǸѪȾյӣ
̨󷽣ΪĿҶȣҶ֣յȷΪʥĴûᣬֻϧˣʮżƷ赤һ޼֮
ǮУǮڵϣԵмֵˣղڤڤ֮УҸоһɺǿɱµ֮ʱ϶Ѫ⣬Ѫⲻǳɽǳģ
Ҷȵҡҡͷ仰齥У龻ԺԾһ£ǲ׽һ˿˿ѲϢˣһѪ
ֵֶݻδ¶ԸʥҾҪ˭ͷأŲɱڣھյɢǿߡ
߻ҶֶݣҶʵǿףŲȻŵÿҪûΪʥơ
Ѫ⡭ϢƺЩϤҵҪʲôˣȻɱ¾֮
ҶĪЦԵôݲȣȻ꣺꣬Ϊںӣָʵһһ¿϶ˣڵ֮ʣңɽ磬Ϊɽʱ̣ɽǿǰú֤Լ
Ҳڵᣬ̤ɽ磬Ϊ㣬ǶָɽŽ湦ΪĵӣκûᣬȻߣ
Ҷһŷ̺һϢͨûеơ
Ҷȴֶ죬ִʥóһ־Ϊ꣬ΪɽĵӣҪΪɽλɽΪɽҲʥһ֡
֦ĩҶȻҪҲï׳ɽھӤ׳ռ䡣
ӭλѣݵŹλ壬Ϸɽʮڵӣлλ
ߴʱһһԵƣϯգ˶Ӱ죬׷װķϹʩ
ʽ׼ʼ
ߴһӡֻɽϿգһʥʯŽӲɽϴ֡


630 ڴ2
ɽʥʯһ£֮󣬾ʹɽڳɹɽӵе
ৡ
˶վųʯս֮н٣ɽ߲㣬һʯΧͬʿʯʥɽ
ɽӣӯɣǽɽߣи֮
ţǼңеڡ
ڼɽɣڴˣϷʦֵܣɽķѣһлǰںܶԹԹϣűɣɢȥ
ߴɽ߲㣬ʯ֮£˫֣ڳˣϵ˵
ʯһ£ʹжԹԹ˽⣬ͬ
ȵȣ
ɽ߲㣬ӭӼµʯ㳡һͻȻɳһ޺һƤ£ֳϡиͼڣɫǺɫγɹ϶֣ԳϢ
һɨĿˮţλâԭķԭͷˣǰȷʵԹɽ೤̤âԭλͷ˷죬ѳɹ֪λͷ˼
ԭǲ̤Ƕ£ǲӣɽտɣǲҲѣǲйأڲԭɣӵбȼͷ˵Ϊ
һλͷ߳Աʮ꣬һλͷˣٻͼڣͷһȦɫë첹ɵķڣͬŮӳʹ״Ǽ°ͣ뽣üԳλͷ˵â䣬ԳԶŲһ
ɫֳ۽ǼƣͼͻͷˣΪԭͷˣһԾŶɽȷʵҪܸ俼飬Ǳڴӣϣ㵽ֹ˺Σ
ˬ죡
ͼͻͷ͵һؿڣ󷽣һ欵Ů˳
ŮߣȰˣģ˿һ۶ᱻòסգɽһץһ֧Լߡɫëطֳ
󣬲Ҫ̫ΪɽӣŮӻط֮ʱλͼͻͷˣ΢΢˵һ
ͷ˷ģִ֪磬ͼͻ徴ǿߣӲͲŮӡ󡱱ɨɽ
ֿˣ˵ɽѡâԭΪ֮ʱ乥ɱӣɽҲΪѪϴ䣬ҿˮݣѡһ̱Ȼɽ˳
˶Щɢ£ȴһɶǵĴڣɽжٲ䣬޾
㳡ķ׷˫˽Թ
ϣڼţԸԷ֣
ɽƺڲϳ˴ǿߣѡĬǻиһľӣԱ߳
ɽ߲Ӫ߳ӣڼԷǴʮΪҪСģŽΪ²Ҫ䣡
ף
ڼԱľȥ
˿̹㳡أʵףԶѪ𣬲ݣһϺ񣬵ǲ׻ġ
ɽǴ磬ǿ߼ǳϡ漶һ㲻ṫȻɼ˽֡
˵Ǵɱ̨
ķˣһ̶ѡ˳ĬѪɱ˾ռߣɽ鷳ˣǾûʸţǽƣһ˴ѹɽ棬ôɽͳ군ˡ
Ҫɽ㣬˭Ҳӡ
ڼüĿ㡭źŮϲ
ڼ֮Уͼͻλ󣬺Ȼ趯ɫëͫһ˫ܿϧҲ죬ܶӣҵϣҼǵúǰòɱһɽӣ
Ů๼һΪʦֵܱ
ƺɽӣ벿ȷʵ˽ĶԹڼһ̤˫һָľٿسգһߣ㽣ָ
һѱӣһԸһĹ
ͼͻġ޵ЦЦٻͼڣȻ˸һ⣬⣬Ȼһƾʧע£ͻȻڼǰɫëͻȻͬһơ
ƣ
ڼ˫ֺһƳľȻ£һ⣬γɽ֮ͬɣͻͻͻתɳתѿκ顣
ɽǲҪǴﵽʮףڼǲһǿ
̨󷽣˶Ŀתգ纺Ҷȣȴڰнּ𹥻ȴУ֡
纺˿ҶȴŮӣ򵥣ǼëӦһƷƷʲߣҲ󣡡
ҶʵҲһֱעŮǼһǺÿб̺ɽ֮󣬶طţҲ䱾ԶŴжҴ⣡
˵Ҫ»Ȫ
˶ڼ뾪̾
ͼͻŮȻһ欣ǵضȻ־壬Ŀڼϣʱͻͻͻسٶڳ֣ɫëͻȻڼһɨ
ٿ
һɨһҲûУǣǰڼȻϺˣں֮мŷһֿռ
ռ
ɲǼ䣬𺳽е
ԼĿԼ̣
˿Ҳδһ£ֻǶԴľ΢΢һɨľȻתƣнٶȼӿʮڼڿռ֮ʱľ뽣شڼ塣
ë£ڼͰԼ֮£ŲľһϢա
ʦ֣
ɵӣڼߣڼѪֹߣɱڣ޲ð
ǶףڼһоͰڶԷ£ǴʮףһϣܶǶֳ֣£Ҳһɱȥ
ûʵûǿţ˴ɱ¾㣬ûκǿͻᱻ˼̤
Ҳôɱøɴ࣬Կóԭɽ֮䣬ڵĶԹ޷⣬һ޲ðѶԷţһͼͻҲûҪһɱڼ
һʻûˡ
͵ûǮûƵƽͷϰգ˭ںĻ㣬޲ͷʺǻԷȾƣˣҲû˿
Ҫɱ㣡Ů
ΧԽԽڼȥĿЩӶ˫Ѫ죬ּɵԷʵиӣһʮΪƺڼϵѪŭ£Ϊһ׹⣬ɱȥ

ľЦЦӶë׹⾹ȻڿֹͣȻͬ죬ͷɽҧȥռѹӸ
ৣ
ۿӾҪԼ֮£ͻȻһԣֻǵһ֣Ǳռӣ৵һ´׹⵽֮ǰӶ


631 ڴ3
ţ
ɽǿߣԭͼڼıûţڼɽɽŵӣϣ̤ɾǿߡ
֪ɽòŵӣһУ㱻˻ɱ
ңЩǿǰ
һڵӣǴʮףֻҪصͻﵽԭδȴҲҪͼͻŮ֮£Щֲֻ֣ܳܿڶԷ֮¡
˭ֻ֪ܾӵĿԣȴͻȻɱˣһʱ䣬ɽǿߣİϤĴɰ˽Ůӡ
ڴ֮£ǿһ֣ͻó泹ʧأɽͻѪභ¸ɽжԹһɱɽͳΪʸ֮ġ
ϣȻˣ
Ŷ
ʮͷˣдˣԼ㳡ķˣĿһ̣ϡ
лʦãҪСǷеӣ걧ȭһתߡ
˼û뵽ҶŮӣЩ˼֣
ͼͻŮӣֳë´ꡣ
껺ָ˸һɫָâɫ˵ϻɽɣϲӣȴƻǲԭ䣬̫֣һһȥʦְɣ
ԲѣҶȤŮһȤûУȻ˲ҾͲĥɣ
̤һһӡӳë֮ϣǣ˶ëȻڿռ֮ҡҷһɿռ֮ڱ
ϣλӣŴɽ̤ɽ磬Ȼдʵţʱ˸ôĵӣ
һɽǿߣܵռѱ䣬׷׿꣬ȴһƽ޾ɫϡƽǺλߡ
ϷٻϷҲ֣ɽţȷųڣϽʱǴףδʲô֮ǲż£Ȼһ޵ôɰ˽ףһɺޱת
Ҳ˵Ȼȴܸˣϵ֮ɫҲȥ
ɽӣΪ֣Ѫ㳡Щȴ粻

ֹͣƺҲ겻򵥣ǿ֣Ǽ߶ëʱһ嫿ռʹëռ䣬Ͱѿռһһѹ顣
κˣһռ䣬ᱻ
ҿռ֮ٶ֮죬ȴѵġ
Ǻ벿ͷϣ˹ЦעĿ£ƽһڿҪռ֮ʣͻȻһ

ǶĴƬռ䣬ͻأͣһ£ͼɵشӿռ֮зɹɹһ̣ռƻɨ
ܣ
һͷˣһĻƣƺ֪ëô˲𣬱˵ɣԿ⣬񣬾Ȼһɰ˽Ůӣƽ⡣
㡭
ʩչëɱƽ֮ⷨͨľ𣬼æӶϧͻȻһ㣬ƺʯͷգڰ֮УͻȻȻֹ
ͣ
һ֣һ־⣬ͣһֱ̣䴩Ȼ˳ëҲ
ʦãʦãʦã
ֻ͹ͣٿռ䣬ͣʣնɱֻܿɽӶʱ
λͷˣ͵ڼʦ⳥Ҳлǣһ𣬾Ͱë׸Ӫ
ȷһ
һǿһץסëΧεȷȻܶԿռնɱ
ɶ񡭡
ͷû뵽òĸ֣мƻôϣһ֪κδɶ֣һʱ䣬òȥ
ֶθӹңҲŻ˲֡
һܲǶְɣ
ʱһλŸվһߺȣֻķʮɳҲż֮£˳λǿߣλ˿
ɱ˳øɱ˳ҵȵĺѣɱҲҪָ˵
һһ⣬һ⣬ͷĿһͲǺöĻթ֮
ˣȻҪվڲһ
ǡ
һʱҲ޷֡
λߣ߳аɨ꣺ʦ֣ǰñɽˣԭſ壬׷ɽȻɱˣǿ̫ţ裬ŲòܣһҪɱ㣬һһ
ԣʦͽģҪ𣡡
ʱУͻȻ߳һӣӿ磬Ϣȴʮأһɴɸ߽ϢǴɾ硣
λͷˣλѣ֮ȴϣ׷ԴǣȻ˺
㲻Ҷ֣
꿴ǰλɰͰ͵꣬붯֣£һ֣֣ݣҪɱŵӣ´ԹôɽգǴˣֳ־档
곤ҲֻͨͫȻ볣˲һںɫͻȻ鴤һɽʦΪҪ𣡡
꣬СĴӣҸойд֣ȴֻɱйթ
ȻҶһ֮Ժ
թ
붼û룬ΪԼʵ̫ģɾ˸֣ǾţҲܣû뵽һ㡣
ǾҶһѣͷһɨȻֶԷϣȻһɸȻ͸Ѿ˵ڲʲôܻû֪Ҫ׼ܿ
ͻ
˼һ̣꣬ȻϢش̳һɽ㳡ˣ겻֣δꡣ
̳һʱ˵ˣ۾ǿߣЦ
ŷһУǶ׼á
ǡ
û뵽֮죬һ֣ϢûκףֱӴ࣬ȷʱǽѾǰֻʩչһŽɫ⻷ΪƯ־ڽ֮ǰ
ˣ
һ̣ͻȻа䣬ͻȻסұۣһɹɲ˼ȫԽɣȻע뱦֮УԵ֮ϡ
䡫
̵飬Ҫ֣֮ʣһɹɴ⣬γɷסУȴ޷סǿƣ˱˳ȥ
Ǵɱ֮㣬㾹֣Ȼ֣
ৣ
뼸˲ƶǰ
Ҳֻѣ
ЦˣľЦˣʬһ·ոմ˯̫ãûһ
˸оһˣû¶ȣ޷˸ӦĴڡ


632 ѹ˷ʥ
ɽæӶס꣬Ҳ꣬ΪչֳĲŻɽҪġ
üһᣬƺͷжϣƳ˺Щӣбжߣܣ²֪ĸ֣ձڴϲ֮գ̧֣
ǰڿ˵ǿߣ㵹ˣ𣿡޿ֵزŰ˷ĺȵνǻŭ
һ
ʱͼͻͷվȫ֧λӣҲ׷վ
͡
ڰ⣬ŵԹ֮Ʒ꣬ͻȻһ㣬һɰ춾ӿ
ãȻʹ
ಣ
ɽΪǿλߣעһһҪκδۣҪ꣬궾ֳǿ̣ԭʧͻأ߳һָһ㣬ע塣
õǿӳ֣ɫȴû˿ı䣬ɢø죬ʹϡУⶾ
Ͽݳһ־Ȼ޷ֹ綾Ȼûа취ľ綾ϢȻźúֶΣ˷ʤһȺǻ
ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ɫޱʹģʹΣƺҪһ´ľһֻڸɽϹŶ½Ϊ㻯⣬Ϊ죬ֻסĽǿߣѹ⣡
ɽɣɽߣסκ⣬Ϊ˱꣬ϲϧҪɽڸɽǿߡ
һȣ
Σ˲䣬ĵӰͻȻӼ̨ɳһ˼ӿһҶȣָһץһ˳Ŵȥ塣
纺ŲơҲΧ綾һüɫ綾ֲ̫һͻᴫȾȫ޷ƣֽ뾭ӿ𵤣գ
ɽһˣרŴСʮֹ죬жţЩֶ죬ԶԿ
ȻǸӣǶߣϢͰѾ綾ֶͨͨΣ
ҶѹȻͨ죬
Ͼջ˫֣𽥻ָ˿Уɽܰɽδ
ǰõһӣרվ綾óҶ͵һһŰɫ綾ӣʹڳҶġ
ϸм㣬ͣһɣںΪͷҶŨʩ񣺡Ҷɽǰ
ǰؿҺѣ᲻ȣʥɽ˹ϵȻҪΪɽƽ
Ҷȹ˵Ȼ΢΢꣺ϿȥϢ£
ã
Ҳԥڴϱ£̷̨֮ϣ̼߾Χȥġ
ᣬǻɣ
Ҷȡ纺ŲơգŲƳẰһʹż˵һ
ôţиСӣĪ̲סҪҳ֣ȻóţȴҲ̰֮ͽ
ƲȻҲһ㣬Цøӹթķ˱ֳһơ
Ը㣿֣Ҿ͹ˣ
ҶȲǹս˷ѾķʥԱҶȣǰˣңʲôıƣɣΪҿֶΣֶΣΪɽҪɽڴǰ²̨𣿡
һʥûȻʦ֣ҾȰɱˣȻɽúˣ
ΪصĺҾͲ֪µȷһң㲻ŵӣɱڵɱӣ԰ɣ
꣬ڿҪΪʦ֮ʱҶȴˣ꣬ݹˡ
ɱɱӣ
ʱ֮䣬ɽӣˣһͨӣȻɱɱӡ
ɱڣɽһ˭Ҳǵ࣬šɽ̫Щܱȼ磬ֻгһɣѹסɱڣǳһɵӣҲҪɱڼɵ֡
ΪɱĴɱ֮ɽɱһɱӣΪĿĲϧֶΣɽŷɥ
泤ϣ˵װɣ
ڹ㳡һꡢ֮Уɽ޿̣ڲǹغɵʱ򣬶ǶԷȻֶΣɱɱӣԸɽɽҲΥء
ৡ
һʱ䣬˶Ӫ֮УһλߣһΪﵽ׵ߡ
ͷԷ΢˫ۣһҲûУվһͿԽռ䣬żǰɱɱӲɣƤɽϣϳ֣˻ν⣿ɱɱӣŵӣȥ飬ҪСеСԩ
棬Ƥ˵۾գ£ɱɱݣ㻹ʲô˵ףô
ҶȵЦ˳ͻȻֵžͷȻ壬Ȼְ˿ɽϳƺ
Ȼϳ㳡ķȭãǾʹı޴Σɽ¹䣬λѣʥҶʵʵɾأվҶѴɽԿɱɱӣܿˣ
ɾɾ
˶ˣտʼҶԱһ׸ˣ˱Ϊ֣ҲǴʮףϾкܶɽţԴɾսʱϳ˵ɾ֡
˼ʱֹͣת
СӣȻҪǿͷͱҲɾǴɾֻ·һ
ӣ¶Цݣһ֣ǰ̽ˣңһ綾
ݡ
ʯ꾹ȻһԾ˹ȻϢ̳һͷſ¶ͬ棬ɢѾɱҶ
ǳѸͣ
̤ɾҾҪʵܷնɱ֣Ҷ׼׼ûܣҲûǰһץ˻ƾ͵ֳ

꽣о֮䣬ԦֲͷŽУϢͻȻҶҶһƾʹ˻ƣ˳ȥ뽣Сݺײһ
ײ˳˷ȥ
ݣ
ͣ
˾Ȼ˭ûкһ꽣ɭɭ໥ϣҪ˺˻ƣҶⷽ˻͵رŷ˿ڶԷգ˭Ҳûǰһķˣס
Ȼǿ
ԼʮͻȻ̬ģͬˣ߶Ҷȣ˵ˣҵȷɱɱӣڿˣ
뱬նɱңϧûлˣΪҲڣĶɱͨûκãҸպĿǣſ°ɣ
ҶͻȻһݣͷһ̣͵һ𣬰˻͵һ£ΪѶ뽣ɢԵϯϡ


633 
Ϊ˹죬ǿʢ
ʧɫ׹⳯ɶ⽣κδɱͨ綾ͨ޷ʩչ͸о֮Уһɶȡ־
ƣ
û뵽ҶʵͻȻһһƶʱȼգѸͱ
Ȼ
궯ʵһ̣ķ˶վޱȷ߿ŭɱڳ꣬ڵŵӡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊɱɽǽ壬ײгԣΪǮƣϧκֶδﵽĿģ˼ɱɱȫɱ޶Сһɱڣ⵽ɽʹ
ʥȻƻҶϣ
ЩŤΣ棬׾ͷüֱ̡
š棬λѣžȻܣɱںıݺɽλͷ죬ͼͻͷˣѵҲɱվһ𣿡
ɽӶ޵ðͲðȫɱڴϳǸ˾վʼҪֽ֮ǰнˣʼˣʲԭ䡣
ߣź޳ܣҲԭȷɽ𣬵Ҳмּߣ
ͼͻͷˣݺƳһţûԵһɧͷһ֣ʹʮͷˣٲǿ߷ˣΧЩߣҲһɢ
ڹ㳡Ӫȫ⵽˰ۣŵӣҲ޲Ҹطȥ
Һɱɱӻųȥ
ϼø롢ڲ߽³һ֣ɽʮλ৵طɳķΧʵʵǲŹɱɱӡ
ɶ񡭡
ɱɱӱƾˣ磬ȴʼձ˻ѹƣôҲʩչּͨųΪʸ֮ģͷǲҶȣ±Χ
ɡɣȫ
ҶߣɱӱҶȴð˻ƺݺѹסԷԷ뷨ϤͻȻճһץһ޼սֳ
㡭ȻоʵʩչɱɱӺݺһߣȴҶǷһɿµĽ
˵Ⱳ㶼źͷҵģ
Ҷ޼սͷҲǺˮһףƾʵҪԿһǿߣѶȣûдﵽе̶ȣһҲŵ֣֮ɱɱӣȻһ
ԲѣԺҲŹ㣡
ɱɱӴʱĻҶȶȥٲվΧ֮£ҪʩչһŶݼףҪߡ
ٶ̫κͨӲҵķۣ𣡡
Ҷֺݺһ𣬰˻͵һˮɱɱӣֿ׼ʱӶ޼սȥ
ôܶ
ɱʩչͨڶԿİ˻ƣȫѳȥ֪һɿͻȻͼͷ˳ȥ˲ʧȥƿأ׹֮Ѹײڶ֮ƻӡ
ͣ
ɱ˫ͫ¶ӣͷ­һ·Ѫ䣬δ˾Ҷ˵ʩչ˻ƣ৵ġ
һôˣ
ɾɱ

㳡˷ˣŻɽĵӣһ̶̲סһ㳡֮ϸǾ̾˵
λѣǰڵŵӣû뵽ɱɱӣǱţͼ죬˱ãеӣߣ
棬ƻ䣬ˮһգԹ޶ӣ߻ϣٵڨڨȥ
š
ϳӺݺĿȥּҶ纺Ųơ»ص̨ϳ߳Ȼ´﷨ӡһʼӭʯϳ죺ʼ
ʽܿڸղһɱ¾
ûţķҲûгֹɽɵ˻ڴԼУȻÿ˶صʥ
ɽʽҪһ䣬âԭ֮֮ϣҶ纺ͱ𣬴ɽӲ
ҪϻΪɱ׼Ҹоδɽɱ俪ʼ꣬ҲҪŬȡ⼸ʮڣͻɽμӴ⣬ȴһȥһɽ磡
Ҷ갵нš
ģڴһչŻ
˵꣬ȻҶ¡ŲƸһ£Ҷ纺ʧڲԭգһԸ뿪ˣƺҶնɱɱɱǷǰ֡

򣬼֮
ڻˣ纣㿴ɽ糬һڣӽֶúУ޵ɵ۾磬Ȼܽ⿪ǵܣ
Ӱ麲羡ͷֶ޴ǰȥһԲݡ
һ·âԭɳ۶Ҷȡ纺
治ܵ͹ֶΣܵ˿ռ󣡡纺Ϊ⣬ҶȰţûκ뷨
桭
ҶûٿһǼһٷͷٷͱһ⣬ʧ֮С
ٿ
ŴҶǰգͳһƮӰ֣ҶһۣĿ纺ϣƺ飬΢΢һ֣Ͱ룬ƾʧͨ
ڲƯɽ֮ڣͤУ澲СȻһƳԱվ߳ˣҶ纺
һĨ΢Цڻˣ֮ԭ⣬ǵط˽أΣɣ
ɳͨȡãսᵹû⣬浣ˣ
Ҷһȣص򣬸оʮİǶ棬ȴů壬ܵ棬λ纺֮һλѣҲʥԱϣţ
һףΪΪţԣ纺ȥѰʦãһУ
浭˵纺ҲϤˣ滰һתʱ㲻ڣѩȻʹַ˵ңҼѩϱ̤ɽ磡
ǾʹӦ
ҶЦúأҲܹ죺棬Ҫɽ磬ֶ죬ҲҪиѩôŮӣȥˣҲģͳ޷ٶԸ㣬˳ҲԲμɽ缴еľɱĿǰʵ޷ѩͼ濹⣬ίߣһɳ
룬纺ȥѰʦڵȺǣĬˡ
ҶҲϾ°ӣҪ뵳ɣȷʵΪҶȴ纺Ϣ뿪ˡ

Ѱ̣Ҫţǹ֣ģУҪּܣ
ʱٻӰ߳ʮ鷨ߣѰ˵ŮӣȻ
¡Ѱ̲ûش鷨ߣʸκβΥɷľ
˵ˣ
գĿһֳ֮ͨУֳͫЦɱ


634 
֮ԭ
Ƴͨͨ͸ԽɫĹҶȻһ֮ԭȡɳؼ񣬵Ǳˣ֮ԭɹȡɳɽɣ֮ԭΪؼ޷ɣУ
Ȼ겻ǰҶȣϧһòȴǺ綾ЫĸҪմŮˣϴȴû´
һóΪɹɳӦּùҶȣһҪп֨һţЦһ
ಡ
ͨѶȻֹҶ纺߳ɲǼ䣬ҶĿͱøûѩĨɱǲҷϣҪһ£ʽѩ
ûҶȾˣһ룬ϸղһѩҪѩĿ棬ѩҶȣʵͨҶȣ湵ͨ
ԽӴ棬Ҷȱûãʼһݻ鷨ߣѩΪҶһɣȴɱ鷨ߣ׷顣
һκɶǺģɽҶȱлᣬɱˣҶûж֣Ϊֶɣɱ˶Էһ鷳ɽǿɵҪʱ̡
ôǸڳŮӣжԹ
Ϊ߽ǿߣȻΪֻһףκͨȴʩչ纺ȻͨҶ񣬻⣬Ҷ֮䣬ìܡ
ܴԹһҲ޷֮ˣ뾡취Ҫɱ棬Ҳ޲ɱĿǰΪҪɱѣֻڣ鷨ߣһĵݶҪĶ࣡
ҶȽͼ䣬纺ǰյأǰѰ̡Լɼ鷨ʩ񣺡ʦܼλʦ㣬ʦ֣
纺ûжһ¡
ǡ
мǣҶŲĿ⣬纺ϣȻ䱾Ǹ߸ɫͻȻöȻأ¶ЩѰ̣ʦãȴҲҪ㿼飬ҪԼ࿼ڶأ

ѰһʱʣиԴѡûзԣҲûͬ⣬ΪѣҶȣǱͼңѰֻһ鷨ߣȥɽ磬Ͳɽһȡ
һڲ֮Űɱ¾ıƣȻѰ̲˻ˮ
λ鷨ֵܣʦʮɳԭҪȡһʦԸдɳ׸ɣλʦ֣֤ķʦֵܣΪҶȼ֤
Ҷ˿纺Ҳ죬ΪҪ纺ûȤҶΪβԭ
뿴ӵ棬ǸʧܵıҿģԶɱʹࡣ
ʮλ鷨ߣиմʮλĵӣڼһǳ֮⣬ȻһĴɳ
ʮɳ
Ѱ̡Լʮ鷨ߣʱĿɿڴͬľɵɵƯǰһžûɣǴɳʮոճЩӣҲŴΧ
ң鷨֣߳ķҲ߼ӡĵͨӣΧʮɳ۾ֱˣֱ񫡣
Ҫ֪ؼǻȡһɳȻĿ֮ԭǸûҪҪ֮ԭȡɳֻҪû㹻ôͲȥƽϴġ
ʮʲôǵҶִʮؼΪɻþ޴͡
⡭⣡
ʮɳզöԼĿʲôҶȣȴһʱԣΪʮɳҶȥģʮɳκα졣
ҶȣҲվסţҪǵô˹ȻҶȣǾʵЩȨˡ
纺ʦҽ߰ɣȥ龳ƼҲҪԣҶҲһ
۴ɳύҶ֮ʱѰż鷨ߣ纺ˣҶȼȥ˿ġ
龳ȡ𽣣纺˵СӹҼңֻҪ칦򣬼죬纺ͿԶȡѽ𽣣ҶҪǰսᣬкЦ֪ʲôʱ߿ˡ
ȥķҶȥ龳ҪԸ纺
ҶˣΪ㣬¹ͣϧóʮɳһʴĿֶ˵һʲСƸҶ˹ͣȻҪȴ߲ټȻҪʾɱ¡
˴ӵĽ£Ҷ鷨߽빬Ȼ߲㣬ǿߣ鷨ϸϸ˶Դɳ
ܺãܺã
ڲһؽ磬Ľ£һ鷨ߴֳһֶľͷݱ滹Ҫ󣬶˵λߣȻҲһλ
ʦ֣
鷨ߡӶʱ߹ʩ
Ҷȣ½ӣһףúãؼ񣬻Ϊ˹֮ͣһˣʮ͵شҶȣ鷨ߣӣҶǿмӡ
ŶȻһףôˣ϶Ǹɽʮ˵߽ǿߣ
Ҷ̶Թ˼񣬰ͷ⣬ȻֶԷһ־ӰһѪķҶȰڵķһ
ַ׵Ҳɽ磬ӵʵǿߣɽ˵ĸͷ
νֶȨߡ
ֶܴȨƼеأ֪ڶڣȻڸɽ磬иֲ
˵ڳҶȣȻΪҶڹͲϣ¼һĹͣھһףҲ¼ڰ´󹦣Žкܶร㣬ºԼȥȡɣ
ǣ
ҶȹشȻ󲻾ϲʵӲţμӾɱһ⣬Щƣ
ҪμӾɱƮϣȣҪμӴȻҪһȻҪǺĵӣʮ׵һΪɾ涨Ϊ
ҶʩӲΪ¹𣿵ֻɱ֤ԼϣͿõƸ
Ϸ²ܴ㣬ϷҪȥȥϢɣڽѾ´ûֻҪֱ񣬾ͿԲţԹвţͨӦò⣡
ɾȻΪͣ漴ڵӹ£֮Уŷδڹһ㡣
ǿߣǳһɵ


635 ȸ
ͼ˵߲㶼ˣҪ֪ҪμӴ¸˵ֽкãɾ磬μӴǾ
ŹȥҶҲһɣϹŶɽľͷСģܵЩϹŶһΪ룬ҪҲͼѩҶӾͲùˡ
ҶʦܾȻҪμӾɱЩֵܺĽȥֵܶһ𣡡
ʱ򣬲ٺĵӣǴɸ߽ΪʼҶȽύϵҶ֮ǰΪֶ֪ڣʮڵӣ춼µӼ룬ôһͷ࣬ǿῴһۡ
ڲͬˣҶؼ˹Ŀ࿴ҶȱҲӶ֪ҶйأʲôˣȸĴڣҶȣʵ뿿档
Ҷʦܣ
˴ӵ£Ҷҽڣ뿪󣬸ȥ龳ε纺֪һˮߣݶ
ţ
Ҷȵ֣̫İӴˣҪǽӴǼģ˲Ӧ
ͳͳɢ
ŮʧͻȻһΪԵ𣬰ΧҶȴӡ鷨ߵӶˡ
ҶһתŮеӣһʮ߰ꡢĹŮͶκεӼŮӣ¶ηĽŮʵ̫Ưˮܽأоϡ

ʱҶԺɽֶм¼ǿԪϰɨͻȻһͳǰŮһģ壬Ҳм¼Ҷϸһʮ֮һȸӣ԰ɽ籾ɽУ

ɽǿߣһҲֶС
ʮӣҶȵû˵
Ҷȼȸʦ㣡ҶջԪ񣬾ͼȸһǿ߰Χ£ѿǰʩҶĿǰܿġ
ȸЦ紺ԡղ֮ԭûʮɳ֪ϡûжĴɳ
ɳԭΪ
üͷһҶȲʱԷΪɳһ׮⣬ΪѩͼûйҶڿɲһǿУ԰ɽ磡
ǳȥ̸
ȸӴϻ۵ĺܣŷ𿴴Ҷȹ˼ɣڣȸת߳ȥҶϸȥ棬һԶȵȴȸӴҶһ羰ɽ֮ϡ
ʱɽһֻᵱһɽСĸо
ûɶӣҲûоԵҳϣҿǲװװдɳ׸ɣ
ȸӹ·֮ͦ£֮ͫУ˸ű۴ͫ⣬ŷҪҶȿס
ΪֶΣֻ֪һǷȴԽΪԶһǿ󣬾㱳棬ҲҶ֣
һ̣ȸӶҶ¶͡
ʦΪʦҶȲɫǿߣȻѷɽУ϶أ˵治˵ǲҪߵ̫á
ȸӿЦΪ˳ϻģҲǴɣ֪ҪɳѣҲ֪ڸɽ磬ɳʮʣһ㶼Իȡģ
ҺҶȶǿʶ̫ŮӰ죬Ȼƽӱֻ֣Ǻ棬ڲӣҲ˽½Ʒ
ȻȨɵģҲ֪ţŮӵλߣȨҲеһȣղŲû󿴵ңҲҪ˱᣿˵⣬Ӧ÷˰ɣȸȻĽ͡
ʦ㣬ɳͷЩҶɿˡ
ȸӶһЦǺǣҾ֪Ǹˣģʦ㲻Ȩѹˣ۸ģʦԼ۸ƽף
ҶȺȻתʵ۸⣬ʦ֪ʮӣʲôɵλѩͼұȼô
ûʮӣҲ֣һλӣȻѩͼңʮҪ࣬ǣ⣬ȴкܴϵʮãͨЩǲѩͼȥȽϵģֻŴɣеɣȴɽǧ֮УȸģɵĻش
ʦܣˡ
ҶѾȸһش֮Уҵ𰸣Ȼ࣬ȷʮֶ⣬ںܴϵѩͼңֶֻڲɣǿҲ߲š
Ҷʵʦ㣬Ҫٴɳ
ȻԽԽãĿǰأɻòǺܺãҲûйĴɳɣʦҪͬһɳȸһָͷ
ðɣҲôЩʦиҪϣ۸룬ʦύʦѣȻʦϣʦܣ˵Ͼֵͼӣھ޴ֶţʲôǣҶȺȻ˸⣬ץһҫһŴɳ
ҷ㵹ˣжˣúãǾ˼죬һƷʯҵٷʲô£ң
ȸӹɳִӴóһöָҶȣעһٷָ֮С
һƷʯƷҲƷƷǸɽǿߣôʯ۾գ¡
ȻҶףθȸռˣҶҪʮϵ
ʦܣʱʦģ
ȸȥ֮ǰҶ¶Цݡ
Ҷȴǿߣ̤ɽ磬ǶǾɱ¾ĴڣЦ֮£ɱҲǺģֻ⣬
飬Ҷ̳龳ȥ
ʱҶȾʹԽһͨɽ塢ϤϤ龳
ɱ˺а񣬵õѽ𽣣ɹһؿ顣
Ҷʦˣ
龳̨֮ϣǧΧּ֣鷨ߣҶȳ֣æӭȥ
ҶڶЩӼǵһμ棬ҲǸǿߣҶ֮ԭ£ʧȥ˹⻷
ٿ
ã龳ؽ֮ϣ𽣹⻷ǧӸޱȣΪ纺ȥŰ첻Ȼ龳һٶȣػ龳ĵӣʱ򿪽磬纺ͻΪɳѽǰ
ϲϲ
纺ʱΪеʽʵֶ죬ǽһѰ̾ʹ纺ҶһȺ鷨һͬ

󷽹㳡̨ķѾвٵŷ֣һ鷨̨֮ϣԼһٶˡ
죬Ҫݺݴʼһ⡭
Ȼǰţһƺ꣬Ҫ²ѵҶȣȴҶȳΪ˽㣬޹⣬ͳ˼ҪԸҶȣڸɽȥ
ɱҶȣǵɽҪѵ㣡
ЦøӲá
һ֮ͨУѹѹһȺˣѰ̴纺ٵӣ龳ɵڶزԡ


636 ˲Ǻ۸
Ȼ۹أ꣬δƼӣһƼҶȣȻؼΪ´󹦣ҪμӾɱһŮӣô̹򣬾Ͷȡѽ𽣣ɵһؿԣ
鷨ߣĿ纺ϣһֱ޷Ų纺ʵòھ
еҪסˣ
Ǻǣ纺Ůӣòޣھ£һɣ֪Ϊжд̣
鷨߾ʹ۷׷ס
һҪֹţջˮ˵ʱ޼˽
ֶ챾òŮӣţë֮һŮ֮ɣеӣĶӵߵλЩ̫ƽ¡
Ϊˣٳѹδ֮ʱնݳʹ졣
·ӡǾ纺ƱػΪֶеˣ֮ϡ
޴ڣÿʱ̶ڼݡ
Ѱ鷨߷̨纺һˣ㳡룬ƱѰ̿ˣλ纺ͨһزԣȡѽ𽣣ڿԿʼڶزԣ
˱˴˶Կ˭ȥԣ
Źɭϣȥ
ʲվ˿ûٷԣ鱾Ǹ鷳£ȻҪȥˣǾҪ棬Ϊ纺ܵģҪǲͨȻ档
鷨߶˾ŲȥЩֺõ飬Ͳտ
һȣʦã
ۿҪ緢㳡ȴ߳ٻӰΪһĪԼʮȺŮӣ࣬˿
ȺŮ翪Ļ䣬Σ۾գ£һݣʦ㣬֪кָ̣
̸ָֻ̣ЩˣְȨѹӣұڸ⣬ֻϣʦòҪԽ֮£ʱڸʣЦǺǵ˵Ц֮£ȴǡ
ա
þҪ𣬲һζƤЦⲻЦģת㳡ȥǻŭͫߣѩѩ˵ҪǸˣѩճ֣ҪǼˣҷҪѿ
λʦ֣λʦ㣬ĪĸɵˣʦĲϣ
㳡һҶǧ֮Уۣû˸ҶȰѸղһĻһо۵ףԱһλֵʵ
ֵӲǺĵӣֻǸ߼ӣһɰ˽ΪҲڷͷΪɽҶǰʲôҶʻԵʮͼ
ʦŲŰ꣬Ȼ֪ڴʦãλʦ㣬ѩԱ
ԭǸ룬ϻһ򿪣زˣϡﻩеûģȫҶ˵˳Ų㰮
˻࣬˶ӣŮ˻鷳
ѩѩųɣѩԱؿԭǹҧãã
Ҷаţֶ죬Ů˼Ļϲ⡢ȨƣûŮ˸еζҶ˼ѩǶĿҪ£棬Ͼ͸纣̫С纣
纺һΪǰڣʦǺڣʦҪΪ纺ҲףҲ죬Ϊ£ʽ뵳ɣҲʲôżλŮӣ̨£鷨֮УǸһȡ
纺Ҫֶ죬жΪɷǹأ֪ʦڣΪ鷨ߣҪ˽Уˣ
㳡֮ϣرһЦţ纺
纺ȥصزɫȹûκرƷ纺ͷǣһд纺˵ʵǶģΪȻ£ֻҪϸһۣͻ

纺һֱԣûжදվţƽ纺֮ɱ¾⣬ŷ
Ϊ纺ʵˣֶ죬¶ҲŮӣ纺ȼʱ̡
ҪϣԶɢ˰̣
ͻȻһ֣оͶһ֧ɫ䣬ǳֻȻȫ߶ɫ䣬ѹһɺɫ籩纺ݺһ
񶾻̨֮ϵͻȻվ񶾻ĸ֣ҲվҪȥֹ
Ǻɫ䣬һ˾µа񷨱
񶾻綾֮ɽ˾֮գóֶζԸ纡Ҷɱ
ΪӮˣ
纺ڼѹĿֲɫ籩£Ȼ侲ָһɫ⻪߰ɻֶζԸˣ֪ˣվ㳢
ݡ
ֻ΢΢ָһĿ£ǵɫ⻪罣ռ䣬ԳԽ屶ٶȣѸ֮Ʒɫ籩ѷ籩ķѣɫ䣬ȻҪߡ
ܣʵһǰڣǺڣôӵпȶߣǺɫ䡣
ꡫ
Ҫ纺ǰߣ˽׾ͷմɫ籩ɫ⻪һ±ըһɫˮ⻪кɫ籩Ǻɫ䣬ͬ굹ϡ

ɫ籩񶾻ˮһܹ޷̫죬ǲܣ޷ܣռ䶳ᡣ

㳡ʱһ˺ѷεĲҽӲ
ҵƤҵڵϣֱġԼȫƤȻʼãõ⣬һӵоòŮһ³Ϊ˶ĳ󸾡
˵ɻ纺ޱ飬תĬĬطҶȡ
ƵģڵϲҽУǺɫ䣬ͷųҺӿ塣
ˣ
·ޱȵгΧЩĿɿڴ鷨ߣӻ֣پˣΪʦ
ʦ㣬Ź棬дҼ֤ʦͨԣϣϴ£Ҷȿһۣ纺һۣ˼ɵ£˷գͨʧ
ʣһֱ̬
ҵĵֶҲʲôʩչӡκҲ޷͸
Ƭ֮䣬Ҷ纺߳ͨһƬɽ壬ҶȳΪĵӸеĵ
һһ˾ͳһ¥ǰŷ֮δһҶĮȻһӡȻ纺ͽռ䡣
֮żҶҪӿУ洢Ϊ׼ҶȺһ㣬϶ͬСɡ
μӾɱɽ̨

һڲͬˮ㣬־Ķ֮Уһһ֮УȫһԱߣһλ顢Į˪Ůӡ
ŮӶʮ£ɭȻŭһϢ֪һۺٱ˫һڴҺƤʼϡ
ǣԻָĺɫѪߡ


637 ´
ûƽձ֮УȻƤкתµĺɫѪȴ档
񶾻ø񶾻ֶаʹãˣ㶼㲻ΪȥѰֶ
ŮӣעΪ붾ǵԹ
ʼˡʼˣǸҶȡн纺ŮˣΪʲôҾҪõӳңɽ磬˫޵߽ףɵҲΰ
Ϊʲô
˵ޣÿ֣Թɭɭ䣬ţӲףΪʲô³³
ʣʣ
Ůһ㶯ŭˣǺ飬⣺Ϊʦ߹ٴΣȻ޷Ը棬ͲҪȥԸ̹ͳ깫һǹŮˣֻҪʦʱȥɽ磡
ͻȻ֣ץסŮ󣺡ʦҲҪһŮ檣ҪΨһŮˣҲ뱻˲ڽ£Ҫˣƿһ󹬣
ɣŪ⸱أͱŹӣҲԼŬϣĽΪءɽҲвλ񶾻֮Ϊ죬ɵ۸֣ⱲͱŮһ޲֮С
ƽƽһӣ
ͽġģҪҪֻһŮˣͻȻ˫ۣһ̣񼸺а
㲻õģһ֪ѩ£ʣѶʷͷʲк³κιϵˣк³
ŮҡҡͷͷųóһԲҩ£ѺɫѪ

󣬽硣
һǧһ׵ס׵ǿߣڽգʮͬ׵ߣϷɱ֮¡
һϷ𣬸λֽжٵӱμӴһʯһɨˣϡ
ɽ׶ٵÿֶ죬ضǣҲ洦ɼǳһͨɲࡣ
һЩߣʼָһ㡣
ʦ֣һһӱμӴһλһᣬͷˡ
Աһλüͷһ᣺һҪһóһ񣿽񲿷ΪӶȥɣһֱŵӣ
ԭʦ֣Ҫչ񣬾ҪӣʸõصЩʲô
Ӷȡܳ˲ţһȷÿɺİ취αһӣ䣬ӿֵŵӣڴɾնɱɣһ׾ܶԿ߽ף

Щϣϡﻩ˵Լ
ɱûᣬҲǳһ໥Ļᣬʵɽ磬Ϊ鷨ߣǲòÿ
üޣЩ㹻ʮȥλȻӶϷ;Ϊ˴ѡʮ񣬷ֳʮС飬ÿִͬһپ٣һ𣬿ΡԼʵ׼ϸϸ´ȥ
֮˽ɹ
ǣ
һЩ鷨ߣ׷뿪硣

ռ䣡
ͣ
һ޼˻ײҶΧƯ̳֮ϣ£գֲ̬ͬף໥ںϣ໥롣
ʮ֮ϣ纺ں֮ǰ˫ϿգӺ֮͸һɫ֮⣬ӿ纺壬纺˽ƣȫչ·ҶҪǿٱ
ʱͻһףڶݣ
ҶȻۣ¡պʧһϢĻ棬ҶͷųͨƤëɢٻʼϣȼյԽԽʢӵײʼγƽٻ¯
ٻͬ¯γɣҶȰγһʮƽٻ棬ӣƽϢҶȱﵽ֮壬ڽٻ𣬾ʹԡ
޷ѹƵģҪɽ٣ƾ磬ͷȫԾʹӽ𵤡衢Ѫ֮ӿںƽٻ¯֮Уһƽٻ¯ͼ᲻ɴݡ
ͻɾԽ޷ѹƣɾɾʲôһɵۣɵۣԴƣ
Ҷȿ˽Ѷȣ澡ͷʵǿӭӹޱôͻ͸ѣǴﵽɵռ磬ÿݣвͬ
ҶɾԽնɱκδɣһףǴﵽɵ۾ܴɵһնɱɵʮףǰˡ
Ͼɾɾɽ綼СĴڣߣһ״ﵽʮףʵҲǳҶƽԽ½ɵ۾Խݣնɱ߽ǿߣҲǿٵصһˡ
һףƣ
ƽٻ¯γɣȹҶҲоͷŵͷȫչڲ״̬ץס£ץסգֲ̬ͬҶ˫ȭֱһȭƽٻ¯¯֮ϡ
񡭡
Ҷȴ˻εƽٻ¯Ǽ̣ԶԶϣһ䣬ɽӱһͰƽٻ¯ϡãһݷƬɢ俪Ҷȱƽƿʼ
ˬ̫ˬˣ仯Ȼ󣬵Ǿһչо̫࣬ɽ
ƽٻ¯֮ҶȾȫ壬ƽϢʧϸȻûзظ仯õ޴ı䣬Ǿһչ
ɾɽ磬ϣͻѣһЩţͿԴһ׿ɾҶ˵Ҳףûܵ
̫¯ڼ䣬մν񣬶˵ûж⣬ֻҪ֮ԭּ߽ؾС
ʱҶ뵽˽񣬿¾Ҫ٣ؼٵ֮С
ҶʵĪ⣬ֻҪǶ۾־֮ԭֽأҶȶɣ֮ԭɽûУҪֲֿأǾͲ˵ˡ
ԭʯʯѣȥ֮󣬰Ƕ۾ɱţ˭֪ʯ̫ᱬʲôʱ޷ֹҵùһɵҪǱʯգ˷ѣ
֮ԭӿǶ۾ǣһϵʯʯѣҶоڰһöը
˴ƣӦ鷨ߣ
ҶȺȻվһݸ纺纺Ҳշӡ˽ΪҶ뿪ռ䡣
û뵽Ҷơ
ڵһͨڣѰʮλ鷨ߣׯһּͨʹսƣռŤ鷨߲òפ㡣
漶ţԴĽ
鷨ߣ˺嫽ΪǳҶֶΣֶΣЩΪƽ⡣
ĽʺЩУץ

Ѱתһȣɨ˰


638 һμ
ʦ㣬λʦ֡ʦ㣬ʦ񣡡
ƿƵһ־ͬˮӿӰҶ纺Ԧŷܵףƿ磬Ʈ֮УҶ絭Ц˿ʩ
Ǿʦã
ȻòޣҪСģλʦƺʵһоʹʦ㣬Ŀȫǣ
µǺˣĿмҶȣ׷纺ϣǣߵﶼôҫۡ
ûŨױĨģʶ纺еޡ
ȿȣ
ѰͬΪŮˣҲһŻع飬һɨˣǶǴľģԼ£Щ˻ָһһʩ
ʦܣμӾɱͨڸ飬Ӿ񣬾ģ
ѰǰһҶһԣ˵챨һˣߣΪǣһ飬Ϊʮ飬ΪһȥִнͨһͬμӴһʧܣ˶޷μӴʧȥʸ񣡡
⵹˼
ӷ翪ʼҶȲμӹ֣ͷһΣصȻԼһǿ󣬶ԷҲҪͬʵֶΡ
⿼Ǳ˴Ҫκһвͬ뷨пܵʧܣĻ˱һִнҪף棬ȴԶһִ̫ࡣ
ȷҪ֮УѡҪһȥðգôˣ϶ҪĸԸȥִУ˶ȥԸðգȻʧܣֻǳһ˶õΪ˴֣Ҳʧܡ
˱һִ񣬲ؾԤϡ
ǶȣһִκαΣնȥֵ˴˳ܣԸðգǳɹܾͶһǽҲдɡ
ֶβʾһɵֶΣҶͶأͨѧϰ־ߣѧġ
ҶȳĬһᣬֵʦ㣬ŲʮҪаһʮǶô죿
Ǻǣ
⣬ѰЦˣʦܲıģȴðɣʵǰֹһжʮ񣬶ˣѡܽɽУֽͣðȥμӴѡ񣬵õܶϾõصƸܲðΪдô˭⣿
ԭŹȻֶθʦ㣬ΪɽţӵʮڵӣӢӦкܶ࣬Ϊֻһ˲Ҷʳͷʡ
ɱǳѻᣬӦÿӶȡ֮ͲŶԡ
ԣҶ֣ɻ
ΪҶͷأԸĬĬŵĵӣ
ѰκЦƺҲμӴ˼ֹҶȣ֮ţ֪ʲôĴڣ
Ҷ붼ش𣺡һǳϹɽ磬о֮ţһ޵з
ǺεȷΪûʸ֪֮źųĹΪΣ
Ѱͫ˸һ˿ЦΪÿһμӴӵɽţȥףѣţܻĲʮ֮һܳɹߣֲʮ֮һ󲿷ţھ֮ţףΪʲôֻ˱˰ɣЩţǴʮ׾ңÿž
Ĺ
ɲǼ䣬ҶһС
һ룬һɣҪһŵӣȻҪѸֲöŵӣΪǿߣͬʱΪ׳ʵɱ
֮ɶ꣬ʦܣ㣬ɼΣʵȻЩǿУʦ㿴㣬ɣֻʣʮ˳ߣˣǸʦܣĻѳ㣬
Ѱ˫ּһġ
Ҷһ
ΪеľȣΪӼңɽһʮصļ壬ҶĶɽ鼮ͶЩǿ塢ǵرӼңһ
Ѱ̵Ҳ֪Ӽңżţǧ꣬⼸ǧ꣬Ѿؼ񣬶һ߼ҫȻ۵αμӴĵӣزֶΣиӣԴɵͽףնɱ߽
ͽ״ɣնɱ߽Ҷüͷһ⵹Ҳ˵š
Ѱ̼ҶȾ㵣ΪҲǰҶȣɾԿɽ̨Ҳʲôããɽʷ֮У̫࣬ƺйӡɾնɱɵۣ־ھǣݶҫۣʧɽʷ֮УѡɣΪѡ㣬ѡȨ㣡
ҶȿвƵķһһãͲܸģҶȺԥһʮ֮Уȷɳһ뿪һ̣Щľγһ֡
ọ̈̄ܽѰڸ
ọֳ̈̄ܽģҶɫϳΪΣΪһɽаڽ
ѡҪɱ¾һпܴȫ֮ܽУڸʮǰһλڸǰȥọ̈̄ܽ䣬ֶݣڸݣʥʥа̣Ų̵ģ
Ѱ˵Ҳأƺ֪жѣ಻ɣʮйִУûɹ䣬ʧʧܶ飬Ϊọ̈̄ܽɽаһ֧ǿаǳһɣֶ컹Ҫǿ󣬶ȫܽ̾һ
ọ̈̄ܽйӡ󣬵ȷǷȫܡ
ôˣҶûȵʺΪʲô붼벻Ȼ֮ԭҲײȥ
аһ޴֯նڵĵ򣬵ǵһ֣ھ޵ߣаҲһ̫ȫִܽڣѰ˵һ㶼ֶҲ޷аᲢֶֻۣһɣ֮һ
ȫ֣ܽ˵ȫܽжǿ
ֶһڸһڣϹŶˣȻֶ޶ʥﶼаУֶǿ֣ȡʥﳬһɱ
Ȼֶƻọ̈̄ܽһƥֶΨһԽ͵ԭ
ˣһ£ʦܻ㣬ҪϣܻżѰ̲˳˼Ҷȣ鷨뿪ա
ȷܼѡҪȥ𣿡
纺ϸ壬ҶĵһҶȶʮ㣬Ҷ࣬Ȼͬ졣
ںúУȻѣҲģọ̈̄ܽøọ̈̄ܽߣҪúоһọ̈̄ܽ
ҶѾܾ纺⣬纺һ⣬Ǵ纺ȥִʲôọ̈̄ܽҪ
ҶȴӲˣ纺Ҳһ纺ǸŮӣΪӣôܰŮ˵Դ


639 ͻĴ¼
ҶȻص㿪ʼ飬纺ȥȫִܽнһȥʮ꣬궼пܣΪ纺ҶȰѾָóڵڵһռ䣬ӡС
Ҷһܱ˶ȥȥִ񣬲ڵ纺УΪ֮ıУҲҶΪʲôҪѾָóԭڡ
ھָҶ˵ֻһ;ȥִ񣬲У纺ʵʡ
ڴʱɽһ¼ˣ
ͨ񣿡
ҶͻȻоһ޴ڵɽɢͬȻ͸ÿ䣬ңһƷҲӦ΢Ϣ
Ҷһ̸Ӧ仯ֶǿߣҲ׷ͷ־ͻر仯
ΰȻ칬ͨͬϢͨӦ˵ͻԣ칬кܴϵ
ɷӡþˣȻɽͷ˹޴ڣߣԴɵ۸߽ǿߣǶ۾֪ǿٱ
ʱ纺Ҳܵͻأ仯ҶߣͬӰƯɾ̾һ
ɵۣɽϾͷǶ۾ҲǴ۵ͽףȴʵֲ纺߽ף֡
칬ȷɽһӣûȥע칬㳡棬칬ȷ񣬿ԸǺɽ磡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ칬ף츲ֶΣ칬ˣл·
ⲻǿͨһںɽ籾ԴϢñԴܰ칬ɽ󲿷ֵط˵칬ͬԺһ㣬ƿɽ粿ֱԴκγһɲᲢ۵ġ
ҶͻȻо̫С칬Ϸۣ޴Ρ
쿴ͨ񣡡
ȻռһԲεƮӰֳԱ߻ʥˡ
ҶȺɣһץ칬ͨʹӴɳģһ̣ͨȻ˵ز칬ӡ໥ӦҶҲѹҪȥѹ˵ͻӡɣ칬ǿ־﷢֣ʱ֮ء
ţ
չͨҶȾͼͨǰʮڶλãҲڵһ֮µġ־Ȼ˸⣬ʣŸ֣Ҷڵʮûκ춯Ψһǵڶ
Ҷɻ󣬲Ϊλ춯ôܱ칬׷ɽ۰Ĵڣڽʵ֮£ѵ
ҶȣµĲѱ칬ץסѹžǰոշ칬Ϊɽִ㹫ɽˣҲڸˣ칬£
Ӱ˵
ȻǱץˣ칬칬ҶעһڵλãȻһЩľӿֶҶҲӿȣ
ϣЩƽ
ˣɽǿţһϹУӵħʮɱɣʮ꣬ɽ磬ǧ޵ɵ֮ȻԿ칬ɣΪħ
֪ɱ˶ɽǿߣ칬ִߣ˵ħħ칬µħͷ
Ҵ֪һЩ
ʥ˵ˣŸ߲֮ǰ֪ɽ޽֮֮ϣ칬֪ͨʲôֶΣ׷鵽ͥһֲ䣬칬ϧɵΧУǧ꣬ǰòŹƽ磬ɽĴ¼
¼Ҷɽͨӣûʸ֪
ɵۣҶһ칬ȷǿɵֲ̫һɱɱĴڣҶüͷһ壺ͥʲô
Թ칬ǿߣͨǿߣ淴칬ͥǽкʥϾ⣬˵
ͨߣﷸ칬ͥøͥҶͥУ칬Կǿߡ
ҶĿ⻺ϣһӣͷɢĽ˶ǹһɣЦݣ񷡣
ˣ칬Կǿߡ
ҪСģΪֶ챩¶ֶۣҲ޷㣡˵еġ
֪
Ҷѹֵ޷ִ۸֣칬ץסܷ죿֮ǰΪֶ죬Ը칬ǱԼ統̫λ棬ҪԺԺԺԸͬ
ǣ칬ԺɽҲ̫λ棬ӲִߣҶԺɽ£벽ΪӪСġ
αץ칬һδɨ֪ͥˣҪִУ㻹ǺúУ׼ִнȻھ֮ڣ֣ѹȺۣ
ӣҶ˵
ҶȲ˵桢ʥ֪Ҷأ㳯纺ͷƾնɢ
纺Ŀȥ̶Ҷ˵ʵĿǰɵ۶֣λ˵ĺеӦа취˰ɣ
ð취ݷúУȴﵽɵΪ칬⣬칬ø칬һҪ̤ɽ磬ǵʲôϧһǿ߾ôץ֪ͥǿߣ᲻ȥӪȣ
Ҷһ¸о칬ʯͷ򱶣ѹͷѹöֹͣ޷
ƻҲ˴ҡ
Ҷȸо̫ˣͽѹˣͥ϶ֶ죬ִ޷Կ칬Ҷô̫࣬Ҳ޼£ʵӲʵɽվסš
Ҷʦܣڷ񣿡
Լ˰죬ӵ֮⣬ֶ֮Уһ֮Ȼ˴󷨣ֱӴ
纣ھָڰУʱע㣬ȥˣ
Ҷһ˾Ͳˣ
һգۣҶȾͳգΧɽǸյģҶƣƽʱգͼһӰ𽥴ԶȷٶȾˡ
һ׺ڣȷǸţţȻԽԿ׵ǿʵҶüһڿʼӴֶ
ʲôڸϡ鷨ߣ࣬ʧȥģֻһɽδķ
ȻҶǣҲǡ
һͳҶ֮У
ƶʮͷͷҶ俴££۲ֶۣͬͨǶŹ½Ĺ컭棬ɽɽ첻죬ͷߣݣ˫ֱţЦݶ
ʦ֣Ҷȿʩ
Ҷʦܲü⣬ʵû뵽Ҷһ飬⣬Ѳ⣬Ȼ⣬¶ҪҶֺúúŽᣬɽȥǾ֮ţʲõ˵
Ҷǰӭӣ棺ҲϣúúҺ񣬶Ϊ̾磬εҪ֣


640 
˼棬ȻҪѼ䣬ɽֶţǺģȻûԳһһȣҶȻǸоõͻЩŲŲ
˫ʵҪ
ҶһᣬóɽͼϷҪвʮ꣬һСĽ⣬ȫܽλã촨֮硣
ʮУһ󼰵ľ룬ҶΪǾǿߣҪʮ֪꣬ξкܿ㣬촨֮ѴﵽɽһƬë֮ظԶ룬㼣
ɽ˾޴ţǻңԶطеҪʮ꣬ϰ꣬ΪμӾɱʮʱ䣬˲⣬Ȼ־룬һУңԶ߽ףҲ͵ɵǰһͿԴﵽ
ȫܽƫƧ
ʱ˿̣ҶѶɳ򣬳Ϻɽ粻ϷӶȥٶȶ˵ǲ£һƽ״̬£ӵϣ˴ǰշɹ󷽣ֻòһʱ䡣
Ȼ˲ϷУͬʱҲڽбҪ
ɹһɽѽɽɽ磬ɽʶڵģֻкٲʣƯĻɳֻǸֺȪ֮׳Ȼϱں󷽡
ɽ޾ԭҲ½
ȫܽ̽ܵаʣܿ죬ɽ磬а˵ǺٳûаҲԲμӾɱ
аҲԲμӴҶһȻаʲôɹУ˼ɵ֣֪Ųа̰Ƥ
֮ŶɽκɱڡħɣûԼΪ˶˵֮Ǹ̨Ϊûƣκǿ߶ۼһã
аҲǾӴҼһЩϣм¼а֮ӵһȺ˽ģɽҲǵΪɱ°ӣںа̲űɽּţϲ°ССΪСа˼룡
а̡ħЩҪâǰãʦƼһλòʦãʦòˣ񶾻ʵǶһ־綾סĽף޷Ը
һ߷Уһʶĳʦ֣һһ֪Ҷȣᵽа̡ħţɫڱ䡣
ħҶȻ֪жֲóħɱ˲գҲ֣Ҷɱ˷ָɻԭ򣬵ħͲͬɱ˾ɱˣûɣҪҸɣǿ㲻ˬ
ˬҪɱˣħ
ţҶδڷ֮ʱżȻҲ쿴ʹ񶾻ȷҶ̫һκҶҲ佻֡
а̣Ҷûκ˽⣬ɽҲЩаصˣȴа̣˵ҶȵжаΪɵ
ҶȿóʶǷ۹ֳӼִ壬ұʵǳǿɵģҶ˵ԶԿĴڣҶǰҶʵ޷
ҶȴޱģΪΣãԷ̤֮ɽ磬ӵжԿʵǿ󣬵治꣬ҪǸҶôʱ䣬ﵽɵ۲ǲܡ
ԣģߵľͷ취ϰء
˵֮䣬ѹȥ£Ȼٶȣ첻촨֮磬ʱʱ̶̿ȡڸ
ѾңԶʱ䲻ƣ˾͸ӦϢԽ٣Щ˼ȱĲëΣʱʱڣҶʵʵͨɽ磬ߣȻõôࡣ
ο֮ԭֽأָġ
ڸֶҶ֣ҿȫܽһڸҫķȫܽʥػǱ֮Уѵõ
ָꡣ
ɽ置Խƶ񤣬Ӵޣֱ磬ҶֻΪǷɹٶȱ֮ǰӿ첻٣˿ʼڸ취˼ǣѿǵɵģء
ҶȳŰڶһֱɫ˵ļǣΪа̣ܶȡʥ϶Ҫķڲ֮أЩطоأΪ׵ף˵Ľǿ߶У˵̫ѣӦ
ֵ̫߿£ȻеʵȴҲסĽ׾ͷ⣬Ҫ֣Ȼọַ̈̄ܽʽ򵥣ֱֻǱ뱦⣬ȡ֡
ַʽѡ񣬵Ҫ֣ʱûа취ֵܵǿȫܽעֵܶȡڸȻҶ룬ҲϣߵһܴﵽĿ꣬ҲԸգҪʵȡڸҪҸ̫࣡
Ҷⷬ⣬ˣ˵Ҫٶȣһ·̣
Ҷһ·ҲϤܶ࣬ٲǵˣҶȴʮֱֹ˵ӵһĶѣӵĬѡ
Ϊǿ
ǿһУƺ벻ë֮أضǻߵģŷһ޴֣
ͻȻתһƬ಻ꡢòˣС˯ֻᱦϢ֣žͳһݵΣÿһݣһ̾š
ֵòܹһŷɹأǲë֮أƶݰܣ꣬Ѿӽʮ꣬ŷɳƬ֮أڣһΧƶˡ
һƬڻļŴϵȻֲֺɽƬޱ޼磬촨֮硣
ǵˣ㿴촨֮磬ϢѰɽ粻ͬϢ̺֮һͬ꺣͸ţһܿʱ϶֮б
ৡৣ
ӰڴԶշɹɽ֮ϣչ磬һץһ⿪ʼں֮С
ȻҶУҲһƳ־ƿ촨֮磬칬ֲ־֮£޶֮У촨֮ȴͬ㸲ţڻһ
Ҳ˵ָо뵱ڷ磬׽޷Ų࣬һڤڤ֮п꣬꣬ͨһһʵۣƿƿңȫ֮ܽеǿߣ֮ι̿촨֮硣
κˣ֡
ɵģֶҲûǿÿӣжֶۣƿ˼룬־Ҳֻа̲óǿߣǿʵҪ£ǿпÿ˼룬ҪͨԼʵֶΣÿ˷ȥ𾴣ַʽԶƿһ
͸Σգȫ̰ܽ촨֮ƿص˵ˮ¶Ƿɹȡڸ뿪촨֮磬ڷһлᣡȻҶȣʮء


641 С
ȻǸ
ҶȰһЦôʣʵ⣬Ҫһ㣬ڿҶǷڸңҲ˽Ҷ̣֪֪ˣھ֮Ŵиֶγɹꡣ
ߵһûѡ֣ģ죬ҲڣҶȿʼʾǿҪкͨ
ҵ˼ȻܰһˣҪһԣ˿̿ʼҾҪСģκ뷨ж˴Ҫʱ
кЦؼǻ޷ҶĿ⣬ͷһ촨֮롣
ҪǿǾ㣬ּҲ˷Ѵһ̣ҶѰ£߿˲䰫һأҶβȥ
ҶȲŲƽֺëС£Ӳһ³Գģȫܽ̾ǾͷҶ˵̫ȻֻͷȴҶ»⣬ʵҲܼ򵥣ûаҶȵС
˵̬ȡδҶȵվͬ߶ȵš
԰ģȻҲһڣ԰ʵϣҲһ˹ţҲʦݣʦܡ
һ£żһС̫촨֮Ϣ
һƬԭһɽ֮УҶȽͣգ·һС򣬹ģǺܴ󣬲򻧣СľΪһּʽС룬ͦһԼɸߡ
δ˾͸ܵйׯϡ޷µ־
а磬רÿмĵطȫܽ̽ɵļȣȫܽͨȣաƿÿһڲǼȣʱʱ̿ȫ̹ܽͨ
ǴӣͰѼ˳
һ㣬ҶȻ޷ȼ硣
ҶδԣһЦΪ⣬ֵǧͷ־£Դ룬ϱ֣Ųʮȫܽ̽ӣΧˮйͨ
ֻ˵촨֮Ϣɱܿȫ̡ܽҶȴͷʼûз۵㣬˵
ֻһ취ɱΣ
ֻ˫ִһӡڱһƾϺΧڣʧһƳ޹Ϣ촨֮ȫͬ
׾٣Ͱӡͨӡ촨֮ڣӡٶȣֶΣԳֶΡ
Ҷȣ¶һ˿⣬ΪҶڴӡΪһ۰̬ӳϣԼһʱ䣬ŰأΪ촨֮һӡ
ҶֹȻ߳ߣȥС˽ȫܽĿǶҶ࿴ҲҪҶֶζûУеμӾɱ
£ҶȸСϱˣҲͨڲ£СһѴ˾ͼһ֧ӣ̾С⡣
ʿǶһɫһףսףһѩ磬Ѿʿͷס룬ֻ¶²λÿ˳ճǹÿǰһɫͭһ
ͨʿǴ׵˽Ϊȫܽ񣬲ţʩչͨ˽Щƽ﹵ͨߣ
Ҷʹɫ˱ȼӣСȥûĴ˳ھʿǰЩʿ̾ˣǰһһ̲飬ͷڵϸϸһ顣
ʿÿһһλˣûбȵû⣬Ƕ˽ӣñ£ʱ䣬ҪмʽѡŮҪ£ǿɲŹǣնͷ룡
ǣ
ҶʵʵηηؽС򣬾ƵСͷĿһҲûǿ߷緶ͨ˶ѡ
룿ŮҲ֪ʲô⣬ǽСҸ֣úñȫ̵ܽ£
һţ¶⣬ӭ½½ˣЩ˶ǱԴˣɽԭס񣬳ɣǲͨУԶɣƺ촨֮磬һΪݳ޵¡
򻧴ӣûϢϢٵÿ඼ɣɣٴʵɽɳһȣ˶УӿƺǸø͸ûʲôر֡
СӻڹƷ˲٣ǷһЩɽʳеͼ뱦ʯҶڽֵУۣԭסûֻĿⰵһֱעΧһһ
죬Ű߸飬˴˿̲ǰӵļҲǼȡ
Բι㳡ΧΧûһԭסڼԲڣվɸ߽ˣѩװۣͬʬػſڣ͸ſڣܿ޵ģŤնƺһܴռ䡣
С򻹴ȫ̱ܽԵΧҪҵͻƿڣҪС֣һϤọ̈̄ܽ˽ֲǲź֣
üͷɫڿνǽѣȫ֮ܽȥûͻƿڣؼκţɱֶ֮ڸǿߣףװǿߣƬ硣
죬˶ûκջǾҪ֡
ҲֲҶȣҶһӣԼ˰ӣֻһ˽ӣǸѮˣһͰ͵ģ񣬷ŷһֱûԱƵġ
Իӡǣ
ҶϣʩչһŷӡˣԭֻҵߣɲǳΪһľżʵңȫ̵ܽ£
ȫܽΰ̣촨̵֮Ľӣ̳֮硢ʥ硭
ͬеƵģйȫ̻ܽ˵˳
ʣʲôǼ룬ʲôŮ
ΰƽÿʮһΣͨӱ£ŮʥദŮÿǧҪѡʥദŮмΪŮٽʥϴϴ֮󣬽Ϊ̵ʹߣ˰۾˵
̱ʲôطֶ֪ڸ𣿡
֮硢ʥ綼̳̳֮УֶڸҲ֪Ҳֻʹ߲ʸ֪
ͣ
˻ش⣬ȻһָüģһɻָӿӲڲգ۾ͻΪһѻҽ
úݵֶΣҶûϵں֮䣬ɱһ޹ˣǶ࿴
˸ܲһֱ˷֣ʱٱ¶л·
ƺ׽Ҷ˿˿񣬻Ӷ䣬ͰѻҽӰ١

ҶȸһȴмĨȥ˼䣬ҶȲƽͷϰգɱ
νžǸղһĻ
ҶΪ㹻ݵģɱɱ˲䣬̾磬ʸɣɱ޹ⲻҶó£Ҷ֮ˣǴ񣬾ҪҶصǿС
ʣҶȻδɱһ޹޴֮ˡ


642 Ϊа
СӣαװΪ˴пܹغڸϢһ죬СۼڼǰҶҲУܿһȺѩȫܽ̽ӴԶĪԼǧˡ
ء
ͨЩ̲סΪʮֻʮŮɫɳһţʪ͸ոԡƵģһ긾Ůȫ̶ܽ߳
Ůһûб飬ľͷûһ˿ϳһɳҲûжһ˿װΡ
ЩŮȻûκ־ܣֻˣû־ѵЩŮӣĨɱ־ֻһʬѣ
ҶȰӣ߶龻֣ԭҪŮʲô죬ȴ𾪷֣˶û־
£
ȫܽһλȫܽ̽ӣ£һͣĨͷ¶ѮգͫԼľηŵЦһʮֻڤڤ֮͸һ֮
ˡ
˲ǽӣƽͷͳͳֻʮŮҶҲ«ưŹҪ
ΰ̣ΰȫܵܣڡнӡƽͷͬһޣʼĬĬ߶ÿ˿ûб飬Ρ벻˻Ͽͷ
ǣҶȴƽͷϣһȻС룬Ҳ룬Ҳ˵Щͨˣһȥûо񣬾׸ȫ̡ܽ
ǼҶȼһЩߣǷ٣ͨƣԴɢ־ƺδ֪ء
ɣ
һϸľŮ뼸ӣԭعڵϲ
ʲôԪ񣡡
Ҷȶһۣ뵽һȥˣʩչͨͷǿʵ޵ͷһԪƮƮβȥ
һƷҪһռ䷨ȴ촨֮κһЩӡ߶֮ƺ԰ݳȥ
Ԫżʮ˽ûܵκνֹǺǰͳһڲռ䣬ֻǰƯһ̨湩һһ꣬һѩ׳ۡڡֳһͭ˫ۣԽʮɣȥʱѹһ㣬֮£ΧʢʻһЩģ̨
Ӧȫ̵ܽĽνȻǸôҶðκа꣬УԪҲռȫܽһ֮϶ɽܡ
˵ֶһĴڣҶҪסȫ̤ܽ̽ϸɽ磬һ֮ƶԻ
ͭһӵдķҲǽڣҸоܴʱᱬһɿ־ɱңѴ֮Ŀ֮ͭϡ
ҶȰͭȫܽ񣬾빩ӵкҪգʵ϶ǿ
ΰΰ־ѡһλŮɣ
ʮŮӣ̨֮ǰսһţȡͭͭԣ̴߶һӡ߶䣬һɹ΢־ȻӵͭݳΪһ⣬ɨһŮӡ
ȻȻͭʱ־
ңҺûҪǴ߶󷨣Ե񣬻ᱻͭݶ־̼Ĩɱ
ѡˣ
һŮڼͭͷŵ־ĩ˵ŮϣֻŮӱ־ݵͷţʼؽ־ӳ֣ʮֻ
֮Ѫ֮ˮΪŮϴȥǣ
ЩϸŮӴóһƿһץһɹѪɫɫҺ壬ǱѡеŮϣһɹŮɢ
ŮȥǶʱ⣬¹͵ļλֵܣаضóʮϸУϷ߱ѡλŮ뿪˿ռ䡣
Īǻɶ룡ҶΪȥ
ΰʴȣĿ꣬ĽӱΪ񣡡
ʮ߽ŵ¹Ȼ׷վˡҲ꣬߻ϣҲóһƿðɫҺΪϣȻȥ磬һһѵʲôûʣ¡
һĻҶȺ뵽һĻ
ߣʮͬнӣͬһŮȥûһŮΪû־ƾЩӰڲħצǱϮȫܽ̽£һỤ̊ˡ
ЩȫܽӣƺỤ̊ĬĬдʣ󣬻ŮаʽʱΥΪʽŽ
ЩŮŷ࣬ŷ𱻲ɼһգһȫܽӣȴŷ߲٣ЩŮʮꡣ
޳ܣ쿴ȥŭǿѹƣ㱬»ĸˣ޲ðһȫܽӸɱˡ
а̣ԭӵģַʽɥĲѡеǸŮӣҲ׸ȫܽ³
Ҷ治ȥһޢ껪ŮӣδȴĨɱ־⵽˲˵衣
ղѡеŮȥʥ磬ϴϽʹߣ̳˻Ůȥʥ磬Ҽȥ¸ӣѡŮֽ̻֮غϣŮȥ֮磡
ʽ֮ʮ˴·ʼҶһֱ֪Ϣ
ԭ촨֮˶ޱߣΣأĿĵؾȥ֮硢ʥ磬Ҷ·ˡ
ЩҪμӾɱţ֮硢ʥۼ̳УҲҪٴȻŮΪжҪҵŮȥ޷ͻᱻЩĨɱͷ£
Щ˲뿪ռ䣬ʮһϢŮϸ˳ȥСա
Ҷ֣ڸ֮ʥ̳ڣҪͷ£Ǳ֮硢ʥѰڸ䣬һ˭ȷ֣͸߶Էٻ취ȡڸ
СһУҶڽж
ȷֻҷֿ£ֱȥ̳Ѱ䡭취ĿǰΨһ취ҶȻûκηԡ
ǺãҾȥ֮磬ȥʥ̳ʱ䲻࣬ʣ²ʮ꣬Ϊһǰ˰ȥ֮磡¹ϣˮһͶһ뿪ˡ
Ҫڸ졭
ҶӾͷһլӣ;һЩȫܽ̽ӣںȾƳ⣬˵úܣԱ߷䣬ɼϸػǸѡеŮߣʱʱ̣̿뿪벽
ЩҪŮȥʥ磬ҾͨУβ棬ҪʩչһЩֶΣһʧ
ҶҪ׼ˡ


643 Ů
ٿ
Ҷʩչͨްլӣȫܽ̽Ƥӵ£뷿䡣
Щȫ̸ܽ뵽˸ǱСǰ촨֮ˣ·һԷи
ǧͼ
棬ǼϷػķ䣬ЩϸΪΪɣȴڷ䣬κȥƷЩϸһ֣Щϸ֣Ҷپͱ¶ˡ
ԣֻϢŮ취ֻʩչǧͼ
ڴǧͼͼ߶£ҶȼϢںϿռ䣬ڿռ䣬뷿䣬һϸһֱڴϣһŮԱߡ

ҶȰʩչ龻֣õϢֲŮڣΪŮʧȥ־κηҪǻһ־ѶȾͻӣϢֲˣѶȿ
ڴǧͼƿռ֮ͨ£ҶȼһֲŮڣһǵ𵤣ң壬ӡҶһԪ񣬵Ůʲôʲô
һУҶȾʧȥ
û˷һ˿
Ǹˣȥʥ磬ǸţҲֶΣǱ֮磡
ҶϢ뿪С򣬾ʮ⣬ҸطʼУΪŮڣԸܵκη紵ݶǣҶȾͿʼʩչ򣬴߶̫¯촨֮׼ɶףͻס
ѶȣԶԶһ󣬹ֲֶ˴ɣֻа˱ҪμӾɱнһأžסˡ
ȻʧҶȻΪǳ֮ɳСֻԶһȺȫܽ̽ӣǧˣС֧ͽغϣŮʼ촨֮ȥ
Ҷʩչͨȥһֱʮ룬ǰ
һ·֮ϣҶȼȫ̶ܽԽԽӴһС򣬾һֻںֳǳأڳǳض£ʹﵽˣƺƵʥ磬ȫ̸ֲܽ𽥶һǿ߲ˡ
ѡеŮҲԽԽ࣬һ˱ʮˣãּ뼸ˣһͣͣŮﵽʮˣҶҲͨŮЩۣʥҪﵽ
ҶȲòϢصøʥ磬֮ϾͶ˾޴ɳأͬһ̫࣬Ҳ٣־Ǳɳ
һ죬ͣһʥɳǣΪɳǣȻΪʥġ
ҶȲûнɳǣŮڣ֪ڲһжҶȱɳҸطϢʼС
УҶѴﵽɶ۷壬;ʮڼ䣬ҶҲҶȾͻɶףݡ
ڣƽٻ⣬ռӳû죬̫¯ҶƽɵĻ¯
ӣ
߶̫¯ɳһӣһףӣҶɽڴϣնɱɱ꣬ʬɵӣһֱûжãǡͻ֮ϡ
ֻϧҶȵòڶԸǶ۾ϣҶͻƾ磬ûж谭
֮һ̴ȫȻңȴñҶ̫һ㼯˫ȭ֮ϣ˿̣ƽٻ¯ҲγɣҶУŷҪҶȡ
մ
𣡡
ƽٻ¯Բ˲䣬Ҷ׼õ˫ȭҿػƽٻ¯֮ϣֻ˿˿Եƽٻ¯Ȼһƺ飬ҶٴɣȻ
¡
Ҷǿϱƽٻ¯ˣҶȻûо޴ı仯ֻǾѣ뵤΢΢Щ仯ԪҲ֮Уʱʱ̿ػš
ƶף̤ףоһҪۺ񣬶ҪͻĽףҪҪﵽſԳ
ϧʦ֣Ůʥ֮壬ܽ־ϴ񣬶ô֮壬ҪǱҲժ϶ͻף
ʦܣȰ룬ҪǱϳϷֻ֣·һʱ³ң㲻ǲ֪Ҫܱʬ̣֮Ůֻʥӣнܣһ㴦ŮҲӣ
ͻȻҶ֮ʣӻɳǷ򣬴аӶԻ
ȻӣһŮ߸ҶҲ˶ԻҶüͷһ壬ȥ
ʥˣЩŮҪʥ̳֮Уϴ񣬱̳ϣ߶ΪŮϴǴﵽӵ壬ٴɽ磡
԰ϴֻŮʥӲʸܣΪ¸湦ſԣǰʱ䣬һλһ׽ӣΪһ񣬾ƸΪӣȻܼϴ񣬳֮ͳΪ׸֣ɽ磡
Ľʣް
ֵ˵ļǣ߲ЩŮܵϴΪ۴֮壬ɽ磬Щʥӽ˫ޣΪͻͻʲôʱΪʥӣҲܱ
ӣ֮гĽԹޡ
ԭЩŮϴ񣬽ܼ룬ͻﵽܸΪӣٱɽ磬ЩȫܽУ
ɲǼ䣬ҶһооУһԼԼ˼ӳָо
龻֣
Ϊ̽ףҶʩ龻֣Ԫת׽ղǹ޸ӦȻ龻΢΢£룬һ˿˿ڷڣҶȽ
ҶȻδף룬ȷҶߴ˵鷢
룡ϴ񡭡
Ҷ̫¯ϸϸղһԻ˵ڤڤ֮һֶǰζ޷ץס
Ůܼϴ񣬱ӵ
ڣҶ˫ۣŷϤһУϳֳЦݣôû뵽һ㣬Ůȫ̸ܽϴҪȫϣΪϴҵΪǣ
΢ڣҶץסˡ
Ϊοƿ뵽Ķȴû뵽ΪһʼͶȫ̲ܽĿ־壬ȫܽǿ󣬸ڶ࣬ڤڤ֮вȫ̵ܽĿ־壬һУֻΪڸһͷͷʧˡ
ȡڸ񣬲ܲμӾɱҶ֮ǰκ׼жƻΧƴ
Ҷȥ룬ȫŶȡڸӡ
ԭ򣬲Ҷûп˾޴ǾǽϴһҶʵͻﵽһ޷ĵز

ֱӽϴ񣬵֣ΪԼϴΪʵȫܽôҶȴ仯


644 ʥ
󣬶ᱻʵݻ٣
ϴ㼯ȫܽҶܳܵﵽǧɾһǧɣһ֣ںŵҶҪ
ҪǵõȫܽϴҶΪȻˮǴߣһܳԳ
ҪϴѹأһܿŮϴʱתƹڶͨ˵ȫ̵ܽҪͬķͬںϣ̳ų⣬ɱȫ֣ܽƤӵ£ɹȡ
֮УڶҶ˵򵥣ף̫һκˣڶ⣬⡣
⣬ھǵһ⣬͵⣬οٰתôȫ̸ܽƤӵ£ȡ
ͨҶ˼š
һ⣬Ҷʵһգ֮ǰŮֲ壬ȡһУһУԶ༸ͬʱϴҶ壬Ȼȡںˡ
ֲ壬취ǺãʱŮϴ֮һᱻڸѹĵطʱҸðȡ塭
һ⣬Ҷ˼ϸ壬˿룬һ⹥ƣ˺ܾã˫ȭһݺ˸
ˣ
ݲҶȵȴ˼ȥо忪ʼƶ̰ڣӶȥ
ȻڻɳϷҶȾʹԶȫܽˣŶʮλŮƺƵʥȥҶȽţܿ죬ͷɳɳǵ򣬳һƬһֱֵΡ
ԼֻҪ죬ڣҶȼһ嫳ǳأһ֮ϣƯգǳģһյ
󷨰Ѹյǳ·ҶȸܵϢҲǿֲ˿ڣҶȴԼɳӦʮڣȻ࣬Ǵɸ߽ȫܽ̽ͽ
ԼɳضһƬѩףȫܽκνζǰɫɼȫ̲ܽûаԼа̣Уȫܽʥġ
㼸깦ڴﵽʥ磬ҶȲż侲ֽҶɱһȫܽ̽ӣΪݣɳء
ɳأҶȷȫܽѡֲë֮ؽǲ򵥣ѡɽ뽮ţȫܽа̣Ҫɽ罨ףȫܽƫԶط˾޴֪ȫܽжôۺ̡
ɳڲóҲϡ٣ȫܽƿأûóҶܵȫܽǸĵطΪӣҪҪУҪȡԴֱӴȫ̸߲ܽá
Ϊӣʧȥɡ
ˣȫ̱ܽϢ˸
ȫܽΧҶȼūŮǳ֮࣬ūǴ촨֮磬Ǳȫܽץˡ
ΪؤΪū
ūһ󲿷ʧȥҲڲɢȫܽС裬ԶҲ̤Ƭأɽȫ̵ܽа̣ọ̈̄ܽ˼ϣȫˣаͽ
ڼŮȫ̵̴ܽԿ˵ŮǼŮȫܽйаеһֹߣҶϸϸоȫܽ޹̺˫ޱȽ϶࣬ȻѪ֮ôģ˫֮ҪȡŮҪɼŮڻŮեɣ
Ů󲿷ֶǹؽֵǣŮƽʱҲͨŮһմЦ֮УԿóȫ̵ܽޣֻһɹɽԺֻзӣûз
Ϊа̣Ҷˣɱ˲Ѫ־ͳһ˼룬Ϊ
Ǳ֮ҶȾ͸о壬ǳ֮𸡿յյʮ־޴ڲкޱߵĽ硣
ͨӣ븡յ
ʥӣ൱ֶ鷨һӣһҪܵٻܽ룬ҶȲһݣ̤븡յң븡յһɺȫѸյ
ҶһʥӣǸӣ˩ʮŮֵҶȽȥһۡʥݾǲһۡѩ
һ׺ڣʵǿͻףʵҶʩչǧͼ׼֡
ΰ͸࣬ó
ڣֻʮŮ·ֽԱߣȫܽһ߸ߵϸţóһŵҩС

ͻȻֽգֳڶ룬գۣһ΢΢𣬶һۣԭأޱ飬ȵղ˽м룬ǻȥɣ
ǣʮŮľش·һһ뿪
ԭ
ڼŮ뿪ֽϻûҶȣԭڸ֮һУնɱֶڸ󣬶ȫ̸߲ܽ㣬ڸڸ֮Уʥ磡
ҶֽӼ֮Уû뵽׻ȡ˹ڸ䣬̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬲ʥ磬ȥ֮硣
ʥҲãһҾͲù˼ڸҪϢ֮ǰȡ
ȡڸ䣬ҶȲûѡ뿪ʥ磬侲ԭ˼Ȼڸ̳֮⣬ôҶֻҪɱ̼ǿߣȻܶȡڸ
Ѷȣһӱ֮У΢Щ
Ů룬Ȼʥ̳ұÿ곯ݣУ취²˳٣Ҷ̻ûֽò˸ۡ
֣ȫܽôͭ߶ӡֻӸյ֮ϣһҶȺһʧ
Τʦ֣ƽʱ裬ĩݣҪ죬̷֣һûӹˣ
Ҷǣûзֻ˲ʹﵽյһޱ߼̨ǰʥڣٽķʱӣҶȵ׷ָѼ䣬ȻͷҶȽʥ
Ҷ̤һ̣ǰɫŤ仯һߴĽɫʱգγһʥĽɫȻֻڲգƯͨ鶼ǣϢݺᡣ
ֲǿֲֶ֮£ȫܽʵֶƽɫ
ɽ缸꣬Ҷȵһۼֶ쿹ĴڣȻûȥʥɽЩһɡ
ֳֶһɣܼģеѰˣһӶ޷ʶɷ緶
ϢǼ֮УóҲС
Ҷ˲͸ܵԼϢԾΪ磬ɫķ֣ɸҲв٣ŷɽ磬ضǡ
Ƿһ࣡
ҶȾͽڲӭƯһɸȫܽ̽ڷʥڲԼҹֹ̫ͣ¯Զȼղ࣬ʥ֮С


645 ϴ
մȻͨݽɽ磬ҲǴﵽȫܽ̽С
ȫܽһ˶адȨ
桭ĽϢȻڣ
ҶȵͷǰŲỺȴͷţӦռ䣬֣ⷢʥ֮УĽǿߡ
Ľףɽ硢ɽǿߣЩǿߣȫܽɽػ񣬵ֶλڸǿߣҲףܾǿС
ÿ޴һף֮𣬼һ٣ɱһƬһףҶĿǰͳ壬Ҳܲס׹
Ϊ棬ֶ˳Ϊ棬Ϊԭ
˵ҶҪǿߣô򣬸·һֻѡߣԶԸһף׿һаУҪԸסĽǿߣǾǼȥʯͷ
Բ
ĽףҪʥڲ£ס׸߽ǿߣ˲併
ɽ綥֮Ϊɽ磬˾η
ЩŮȻ֮С
Ҷȫܽ̽񣬻һξ룬࣬ʮŮһְɫҺ֮УΧûκ˿أڿ·оߣЩߣΪ
ߣ˭Ҳûˣܽʥ֮СҶһЦããɽ磬ֻӵдǧͼ̫һߣſϢҲ
Ҷ룬ʩչ龻֣дǧͼı󷨣ʣֽӣֻǸ壬Ҷڵϣ룬̫һڲɱαϢ

ܵϢҶȾͻڣдǧͼ̫һ龻ȵͨ˵͵ǽʥҲܡ
ҶϢɫˮԣʱ˿̣ɫޱأΪѾһΣյİ취ֱȡϴ
ֱϴҪһ֣ҶȾͱĽǿΧɱǲ֣ҪһӳȫܽҲʹޱȣҪѹƷӡôҲһ¡
ǣҶȹϵѡ취֪ӵдǧͼʧܣҲκҲץ߽ױǿ߽٣ңʵû취ҶȾͷŵūǽ⿪ʯʯѷӡܾˡ
ŵĲ´Ьģọܱ̈̄ܽã򲻵ѣͷŵū칬׷ɱֱọ̈̄ܽͷʯҪȫܽɸɾݲ
ȻҶҪ񣬲Ż᲻ѡɱ
ԽԽңգֵðɲǼ䣬ѾҪҶһָģ˾ֲŮϷ
ЩŮȻţû־ûңǾʬ⣬˶ǲǽѡ
ɡ
Ҷʩչ֮ͨУһưŮͷϣʱŮҶڣŮʹԶϣγŮģڰɫˮ֮УҶȰϢӡŮ
ǾҶںϣ˾ڣְŮں壬߽ǿߣͷͨҲ޷ߡ
ˮصҺ壬ȻһҪ͵һˮѱ䣡
ҶȾϲޱȣոմɫҺ壬͸оһ˿˿Ϣӿ壬ȻоģɫҺǷڿҶȵȻա
֨֨
ڶʱڷڣѪڼѪľ裬
ҶǿѪóԽһҺҶ˵ǴƷҪգҲܣӵǿܴվ
ôȥҶﵽһµĸ߶ȣҶµֽ壬Ѿݽ뿪ʥҸ֮ʣɢˡ
ɽǿߣ׼ϴ󣬸λʼɣ
˿̣ҶȾһ󷨾ͷһȫܽ̽ǰһԸɽͨһӰҲɽĸ֡
·ķʮǿߣһ׵ײȣϽͨ£׷״һӡ֮ͨӰҲͬӡ
ҪʼˣҪʼˡ
Ҷ쳣ͬʱҲʱ׼ǧͼһͷԣ͵һʱ䣬ôסǿߣһ֣֪ô
ǵڱͷֱӹඥ
Ըɽ磬ȫܽɽ֣ÿһӡÿһھһģһʮ죬˲Žӡ׷׶ȫܽ̽һָ

ͭʱܵǣ΢΢𶯣Ͻ֮ͨϣһΰͭ
ٿ
ϽһƹĻˮأɲǼ串ˮأʮŮͳУʥϡ
ô
ҶȲûǽһ£ûκΣգд˵֮һ޷ܵ־
ЩҶȴ߶龻֮£׷߽⣬ǣ޷յȫܽɽȪˮӿҶ

ҶʼӿȻȼԭͻףʮֿյڣֹ壬Ҷָо޷սʤĸоһ֮С
ˣˣ
칦ҶȾ޷ѹ壬ΪڣѾҪűҺüʱͣǣһҶϳŴֻͻƣܼ
Ǿͻưɣ
Ҷȼŵʹ亹ֱðԾͻƣ̴߶ǧͼϢصĸҶȱ֮Уһƽٻ¯ͻش屬
͡
ƽٻ¯ʱͿʼںϣγɣһҪγɵĻ¯ֻγɣҶȺں¯һģž߳һƽٻ¯ˣҶȾ͸ܵɱ䣬
ͻĽף仯ô޴ֲˣ
Ҷ̴֮У̶ֶʱ̣ʹ˺ܶҶڡ
ңңӵޱ߲Ƹң޴ڣ
ͻȻҶȸϴ֮Уһޱߵ־־̺ͨɣһӿڣͻ᳹Ĩɱ־ΪͽҲ˵ΪŮʧȥҵĻˡ
һϴҪϢȴڶϴ񣡡
󱬷֮ʣЩɽ޴ڣӡʼһطӡϴʱ
־Ԫ󡭡Ҷȴʧɫ֮ǰϴҲ̺˸־ȴǳ΢Ҷʩչ龻֣Ϳֱһ־޷ֿʮǿ󣬷ŷϴҪһ־־־
ҪΪȫܽࡢɾ־Ů


646 
ͺñȣɽ֮ʱһ٣Ҫ׼ݻٴɽߡ
ܲ꣬κ־ҪĨɱ
ϴ񣬵һϴҪһ̺ɽɽȫܽǿΰ־Դݿ֮ƳҶȸǶ
κҿǡ־
ʱ˿̣Ҷȸû뵽ϴ֮л˿ֲ־ϴЩŮ֮ǰѱ־־֮УȫǶȫܽҶȾΪŮһܵ־ϴ
ˣش
龻֣
Թ־ϴ̺ʮλһ׵Ľǿ߻㼯־־桢ǿߣҲɵֵֺοҶȣҶ־Խˣǹ
Ըһ־Ľ־Ҷȶǿʮʮ־㼯Ҫֵѹп
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȱڣʩչ龻֣Ӳ̺ĵ֣Ҷʱϴ־ҲŹҶȶҶףΪʲôû˸ҴŮע⡣
ûбҶ뵽͵̺ͨȡϴô˻벻
ȻõܶԿ˿ֲ־
оҲֻҶȸΪҺû龻֣ˣκ־κꡢκҪ
䡫
־Ҷ壬ҩһԪ֮ʣҪռҶʶȴ龻赲磬һ龻ֿʼת־ͺƺƵҶðŴ󺹣־龻֮С
ȫܽ̿Ϊϸ
޲֣ٱ룡
ﶼģﶼҪΨǴӣ
ڻ龻־֮ʱҶȾܣŷվǰңҶԺֳһȫܽߣǷŷΧҶȣϱ־гģ־ϣ޼᲻ݵ
κԪǿȹ̵ˣҪĨɱ־
ڣҶһˣԪ󣬶Ըʮ־ҶȸоҪУ̶Զ٣ֻло߶龻֣龻ֻתٶôҲ첻
ˣһʱᣬԸ־Ҫǵڶϴ٣޷ɣ϶ᱻϴƣ
ȫʩչ龻֣Կ־Ҫڵڶϴ٣ҶȲȥѹϴôǿҲŵñը
·һ
У
ʱ䣬ҶȸоδйѹָоȻûǶ۾Уȴһģǿһ㣬Ϊٸһ㣬Ϳȫѹ־ԿǶ۾޷Կ
ˣ
˼չҶĿͻȻ֮ϣͦԪ񣬴ԺǶ۾ҶȾ񣬵ǿ̣չֵҶһݣôû뵽
ҶȳӶˣ̼߶龻ֳȥǰʱҶЦˡ
ԭҶҪʩչ龻֣־תƹ־Ƕ۾ɵ־ǰҪֺοСС־ǣҪһƻľ

ҶͷŻ龻Ϲӡֻ龻޷־޺ݺݵ
ϡﻩ
ʮλΰ־һĽססһ־ϴ龻ƶħų͵سǰȥһ̣δȻӿһϹŽ⡣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ϹŽϴ־һɨĴӣ׾پͰ־ϴˣһ˿һ㶼ûʣ£ɸɾҶԪɡ
ˬȻ־ܱ£
Ҷ˿ⷬҶ¾Ϳ޼ɵ㿪ʼѵһⷬϴͨ壬뱾
֨֨һ̣ոͻĽ׵壬ͻȻӿϴˮһţʱը
ͻĽףף
ըʹ಻ѣҶȶоľʧȥоڳɣͷɲǣƽٻ¯ͳֳƽٻȼգʮƽٻ¯γˣҶȵһƳһ¯ϡ
䡭
͵һҡڣƽٻ¯ױҶһ÷飬ƵըҶһھͰƽ룬Ȼ忪ʼֹͣըͻ׵ľʼþһը
ףҶȸоһֿҪһֱʵɱ䣬ָоƮ죬ץסɱ䣬ҶʵŻзظ仯
һϴûʧͻĽףףһͻĸ磬ԴﵽɾŽס
ҶЦˣĵЦˣЦṵ́û뵽һؼ˷һԭͻɸ߽ףɶڶԸǶ۾ϡ
ִнԭЩģû뵽ҲǶһؼһֲ
˷һȴʮλ֣ϴЧԶԶһ
ʧȥԶʧȥκζģõŬˣȻõӦĻرҶ֮ǰЩڣɡ
ҶȸûȥЩõջ

ոͻףҶȻδü仯͸оҲԭڶϴʼˡ
Ҷͷһɨͨӡͼȫ֮ܽ̽£ԸɽסĽǿӰɽȫܽǿߣŷ˼ռڲͳͳسˮӿ

ڶϴһ࣬಻ƺƵӿҶһ̣ͻףҶʱ͸оȫܽЩ͵ҪҶȱ̫һ֡
߶̫һϴ׷ںϣҶȾ͸оϸǡڱ䣬һ׳
ȻͻףҶǿزĽҪ伸Ҳһνϴо嶼Ҫ˺ƣһ£ҶȿԲûŵذŲ
һȥ죬ϴһʱҶȾǸӣ̫ϴңҶȻİŮԣҶִﵽ޷̵زʼͻס
ףɾһˮ룬һҶͿԴﵽķ
ףƣ
ҶȲѹʼﵽ۷壬ͻϢͷųƽٻȼգƽٻ¯ɲǼγˣӾ޴󣬼̣Բ˸ҶεعС
䣡
ֱϴȫܽԴΪ̫һһȭʹ¯ϡ
꣬
ƽٻ¯˲ˣϡﻩһأҶҲɹף̤ס


647 ߽
һ̣ƽٻ¯ƣҶȾ͸оסһμѵˣһʵɱ䣬ʼˡ
ӿʼ¶ģȫܽϴðķգҶӭɱ䡣
пʵ
ȴҲԤϵΣգ־ҺҶ㵽һ㣬ⷽԴӾǶ۾Ǽ£ҶȾ֪ԼԪǲģΪӵ
ҲԶᱻ񱣻תޣֱֻںϡ
Ҷðճ롣
žžž
ԡҶȸо嶼ʧαըͻƴ졢ͬˮϯÿһ䣬Ҳ⣬඼ըˣʲô
ȫը飬ɱ䣬ֻҶȵӷ˽ʱеı仯˿ҲҲҶȴ֮䣬ɾ
棡
ҶȸоѪϸ磬ڣŷȻڣ˫ۿȥκ¡ӡԪذ壬Ȼģǣʵʵ֮С
棬γ֩磬һŴǷ򣬴棬;뷨һ
ҶȸоѪڵȻͻףҶ֮ǰʮ޴ںϵӿֲ֮ǰֲϴѾҶȰʩչͨŮϣ
ӿҶȾͼͷ˽ɫѪҺһʶͻףΪձһɨգҶȴδ˴ʥࡢʥζ໥ӳ
𵤾Ȼһ
Ϊʿ𵤾ǳ⣬ҪԴ
ҶͷԪһǿʥĽ𵤣룬һԷ˷Щ򣬻Ҷ޷ȥоģʮּ̣Ʒ磬һ̫һɵ磬΢Ҷȶò˼顣
Ϊͨ𵤲еľͷδ𵤻ı仯
ҶȴδǶԿǶ۾ҶҲδ𵤣һ޷ȥǵɽˮ֮ʱҲ뱬Ҷػ
ԪҲŽף󣬶ˣ̤أػԪ
죬ȡڵڶϴͻ߽ס
Ҷ˲ʱ侲Ԫһɨֵڶϴ񣬾ҪϴҲﵽڶ߳ԴԴϹһ־
ţһŮЩû뵽ҪȵһϴҪ٣
ڴʱҶ̫ϴԸɽӰ˵ˣûи顣
ЩʣǿϸӸɽ磬ϴŮȥҲ
˵ˣ
ŮԭЩŮǸȫܽڲǿΪ׸ȫܽ
Ҷ쬵ģа̣ŮԭҲƷнףЩŮΪ˿ܣ벻޹ؽҪа̣øа̣а뵶ڶɽ

ڶϴŸɽǿȽܣƺƵ̺־ҶһͶ
ǣҶȾǽףԪ֮ǰȻͬģҲû龻֣־ѹϾ־ͷβûб䣬Ҷȴڲϴ£ʵ
ѹ
ƺƵ־ȻǿƳҶ壬־ֱӹԪ󣬸ӿ룬һ޴¯ʹԪ־ɣУš
ͻ߽ףȻʵһ֣־
Ҷͷ˼·û龻ֽ־̰֮ѵڶڣİŮչҶȾʼ͡
ȼհɣ
ףɱһϴǰҶȸ˼飬ֻҶǰŮչ򣬵ڶҶȽ߽ףʱѹ

ͷϸѪȼգЩƽٻ棬һͷųգ۾ͼܻ棬ƽٻ棬ҶΪģγƽٻ¯
¯Ӽ̣Ǿ޵ĶӣҶȥ
ףƣ
ƽٻ¯γһ̣Ҷȿɲȥ嫵ػ¯ڡ
䡫
űըҶƽٻ¯ѣҶȾ͸оոͻܵһֱ򿪣ͻƵһη仯ﵽ߽ףȴû׸оǰ;ҡ
仯ǿõ
Ҷһѻ¯Ƭ룬žͿʼôﵽ߽׵ԶϯҶȣʵǿ٣Ԫ֮ʣҪʩչ龻֣־
ʼ߶龻֣̫һע龻֮У龻תѣҶͻƣɱ֮󣬾Ȼ˳תԽԽ죬һɹ־
־Ż龻ͷŵӡ£׷߽⣬Ҷƺ־ʧǿ̣ȫܽ̽޴Ӱֳ
ȫܽ̽ӰĴڣ־ʧǵ־Ҳȫܽȫܽ޷ҡ綾̾ȫܽԪ֮С
𣡡
ȫֳܽ̽ˣȻ˿Ҫʧ־Ҷ̴߶龻һԴ֣һȫܽ̽ϣݺһͰ飬ɱ־ҶԪɡ
ȫܽøȫܽûдǧͼؼûл龻ֻԣ˵㣬ѹ־ܣ֮£ȡȫܽϴҲֻһ
һ̣ȫܽ̽־ӰҶȸ˵ĺܣֲȫܽݺݵѹģȫܽҶҲɵ
ĸоɶףնɱһףͻ߽ףһ׿ɱףҲ˲ɱ׿Կնɱ
Ԫ־ֵôظ仯ҶȾ͸ܵﵽྪز
նɱףԿףǶԿĽףҶȾûаգΪÿ綼޴󣬵ǣҶĽǿߣǱˡ
ססĽǿߣɽ綼ǿߵĴڣҶȾȻﵽֵز˵ɽ磬ҶѾûеˣȫܽЩԸɽǿӰҲĽףȴҲҶȶ֡
ΪٵӰֻǱһѣҶȡǣ˼ɣһọ̈̄ܽ϶ԶڸкܴӰ죬ɲΪðʧʧܡ


648 ɰ˽
ɽѾǿߣɽ磬Ҳһ
һϴֻͻƵɰ˽ףҪɾŽףܲС
ԪƽҶȸоԪ׳٣Էʥ磬촨֮󲿷ҲԿ
ৡ
Ҷڻָ֮ʣֻԸɽӰɽǿߣֿʼˣ߶ϴϼڲ̺޴ڵĽƣַӡҶȾͼϲ
ǽ磬ҶȾͼŷҪı󷨣嫶һ¸ˮأʮŮ֮С
ͣ
ӿҶڣʱȴһڶϴˮޣѹ񣬸ոսҶڣͱ̫һֱɡ
˭Ҷʵﵽ׵زףվЩȫ̸ܽͬˮƽߣҪˮƽ൱Ҷ˵׾١
ԵϴҶͥŲһ㣬ԸţҶȻΪ̫һģҶҲܵģҪʱ򣬲ſͻɰ˽ס
ʼҶڣˮǴߣԽıͣڴ̫ҶִŮڳȡٶȲſ򣬾ϴҶҲܴﵽɰ˽ס
ά״̬죬Ҷ徹Ȼ˸ŻţѾﵽ۷塣
ͻưɣ߽ף
̼䣬㲻ѹͷȻҶȾ͸оһûУΪڷڣƽٻͻͻͻرӾ硢ϸ֮໥ںγܻ档
̫ңҶҲܵһ˿˿вڲƣŻγƽٻ¯ҶȾͿ¯ԶɣְҶȰ
Ҷǰǻ磬һ޷ƵĽɫ¯ڣҶһΪһƬףںȭ֮УĿһݣƽٻ¯һȭ
񡫺䣡
ǿ޼˻ףһȭ˵ɱ׸֣ݺݵһȭƽٻ¯ˣΪһƬҶȾߣڻ֮УһƬڡ

ͻ߽ף˽һ̣ľ֮Уܣÿһ䣬ǽ𵤣Ҳ΢仯ԪҲڷڣҶԺͻȻһġ
컯ȭʽ죡
ӿֵģȻ컯ȭʽҲǵʽ޵֮ʽ
绻ȭʮʽͳʽֱǵ졢Ե޵С죬ʽӵо춯
컯ȭǿ󹥻ֻϧҶȾ̫̫ѧ컯ȭʮʽҲ޷չֳ컯ȭԣҶȾͺʩչ컯ȭùʥǹ˻ơ޼սͨҲڰ׾ʮ˽׿ܡ
ҶȽ󣬳Ϊǿߣʩչ컯ȭҲҪ
о治ɰ˽ף¶ԿĽӦò¡ϴҪҪ
ҶȻعоʱͿ̼ϴŮ͵͵˹ںһոͻɰ˽׵Ŀһ㱥
Ȼ޷ͻɾŽףҲûϵﵽɰ˽ףŽʮ׻Զ𣿿ξɱ֮󣬽ɾҲڵָ֮䣡
һҶȸоɽǿˮ׼ԽԽʵҶҲܶԿ߽ףӱ˵ɵۼǿߣһʱҶȲɵۿ⡣
ˣ
˼عҶȾ͸оռ䣬ʧҶҪСĶԸ־Ȼ־ڻصһ
Ҷ̴߶龻֣־׷ѹȫ߶Ĳѹ־κ־߽ˣҶԪɡ
ȻûнɾŽףѴﵽȫ̸ܽɽǿ뿪Ҿ뿪
ҶȿʼǱŮڣȻֹݷȴȥ
Լ󣬸ǿ߲ٻϽͨ׷ȥɽǿߣҪ׼Ůʱɽ磬ҶȱЩǿߵ֮ǰʩչͨϴǧͼһ壬֪뿪ˡ
αװŮҶֶΣʱû˻ᷢ⣬ȷ֮ʱҶͲӰƱأȫ̻ܽзظѰ
֮硭
ɳʥҶһ֮⣬ǰ֮ھͷҶڻδյϢҲ֪Ƿ֪ڸһǿУҪǴ̳⣬Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ҷ̳֮ȥҪϡ
ɰ˽ףҶٶȱ֮ǰʮֹһͿԴԽｮٶȣҶȷɹһǳأһɽһƬƬֵĽ֮ԽԽ
ಡ
ȻҶͣΪһ˸ҶȻһץֶͷϢҶһЦʱ򣬿һ֪ڸ䣡
Ҷ֣֪ڸ䣬ð취ȡڸϿ뿪ʥ磬촨֮
ƴȻҶȵ뿪
˼ұСˣӦ֪ǿߣǿߣԶԿУҵҪǷо԰գ
Ҷԭò˻ˮȥԶȡڸһʧܣҶȿɲȥĲᶯ֣ȻҲϣһ֮ڸ˼һҶȾʧȥ
֮硣
ܼƺһ޴ĳǳأƯƺһ󷨣ںһѳǳεı
ۿȥûʲôر𣬵ʩչǿԪ񣬾ͻῴγɾ޴ѳǳط᲻ɴݡ
˼һǳء
ڵ֮磬ǾˣȻǸǱɳأѲ򵥣ҵڸ֣ȷֶţ˵۲ֻЩĸĿ˶ѣ
Ҷ֮ͣ磬͸оҪ޷жĽأҵڸ䣬ҶҲΪ
ţ˲£š
龻֡׽Ϣ
Ҷ̴߶龻֣׽ϢԼҶȾ龻֣Ѿ֪ʲôطȻ֣ͲߣҪǱȥһ濴ֶΣһǲⷢ
֮ǰܵһǿڻ龻ȻǴˡ
ҶЦЦΪʮ㣬ɽ磬ѾԽ˹ˣǿߣǿߣ˲ɱԣ֮û˿¡
Ϊһǿߡ
ৣ
δʩչǧͼҶʵʩչͨϢϢͷһ󷨣ƺǳǳʥһƬϴѩɽһ
һַ̣ȫ̲ܽοѣ޶ɥȫܽҲ֣ǣȫܽ̾ڶ巽ʽԼװʥˡ
ǿЦ
ʥ絹ûжٲ𣡡
Ҷɷɹؽƣ֮֮У嫾޴ǳأΪһͨԭסֵ


649 
ϡϡĳǳڣҶȻȫܽ̽ӣۣ·һֵϤļǣо֮ͨʥ
Ϣȴʥè壬ʱ뵽նɱֶڸϵǿߣסټǳĳ䡣
ҶǱжһֵȴշУΪϿʱʱдȫ̸ܽ־ǣԼ칦ҶһǱʽǰǱռĶ֮еľ޴
ϢǱ桭ȷʵһǿϢƺ׺ڣһǿߣȥǿ߻δͻĽף˵ǲ򵥡
ȷϢҶϢһɳ֮磬һɽ֮УԪȴԿǱһһ
ھͿڸʲôʱֻʣʮֻ꣬жʮᡭҶʩչ򣬸ʮͻɰ˽ףγһ޴򣬾Ҳ޷ɳ
̫¯ȼգ֮ҶȱʩչԪ񣬻֮֮УǱ
Ǳ̫󣬲֮ǰϢϢҶһ¾ͷϢԪһһͼȻһɫ««Ǽռ䷨ϢҲͷųһɵĻɫ֣ǰһʥ˰صʥ͸
ɫ͸һ룬ʩչƺ«Сܷʥڣȡڸ
ǿϢڳǱһ
øֲ˰գԭһռ䷨ƺ«򵥰һƷռһЩƷƷҪʩչֻ֣Ҳ˺ƿռơ㿰׵Բ
Ҷȿ۾գ£ܿ죬ҶȾͿΪһףʵȴԽڶ׵֮䣬һռ䷨Կ׸֣ڣֻɫ֣Ӧһܣ
ϢҶҲܸӦȫͬɼӼҸֲ֣һ
壬۹֣ɽ磬ؾӡǿҲżʵ¡
ӵһռ䷨ԼãӼҲһڷӡǹҲͬСɣҶȣƾԪҲ޷пܣ൱Ľס׶пܡ
ΪʲôǰҪҶȵ뿪ҪԶȡڸЩֶΡ
ǰ֣ʵǷǳȷģԭҶɣ죬УҲܶԿףȡڸѱΪɣѡַ
ǣ̫СˣСҶȡ
һʱᣬ޷͸ǿµ󷨣һǼУȡһͻɾŽףʮףɾ
Ҷһ氵жһһһУУ͵ֶŵӣţ޷ǿǰҲֻЩ֮١
ڰ׾
ٿٿٿ
ǿƿ£ɽҶȵʵҶȷڰ׾߶ֻһףһ޼սһǰ˻ƣһһ׹棬֮ͣ仯̬
Ǻڰ׾֮ǿſԴ߶žѧҶԪ磬ڰ׾ֱ绢
ʮ˽׿ܡ
һкڰ׾֮󣬶¾Ҷʩչڰ׾ٶȸ죬ΧҲԽԽ㣬űһײ
һץʮ׿ܾͷɳʼУҶȲϼԽʮ˽׿ܣ׿ܣɵΪҶȾ̫̫ͣԣᱻǿ߿ߡ
Ҷ̤ɰ˽ףʵֽײ˳⣬ӳָʮ˽׿֮УںԵɽ׿ܷ󷨣ý׿ܿ׿⡣
ʮ˽׿ܣֶ쵹ЩţΪҶȶԿǿߣıرֶΣʵ׿ֻҶó۷ɾܶԿĲʵȻֶΡ
һ֮ʮ˽׿ܸף᲻ɴݣأϧҶʱ䲻Ȼعֶ죬Ϊʮ˽׿ܣÿһһ޼ս׿ֻܹ
Ҫʮ˵޼սҪһʱ䣬ֻھռڲſɣ纺ϣҶҲ޷һ
ţ
һʱ䣬ͻȻҶԪӿһ£ҶԪ񣬾ͼǱڣͻȻƺ«ǱץƵѷ죬˷ʥ֮С
øڶƲ󷨣ʥ𰡣ҲʩչǧͼҲỨϲʱ䣬ܽУ
ҶվһͰ븹У৵һ˾ʹɽ֮ʧˡ
ҲܿʥǼƺ«԰ʥգС׬ˣһǸˣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾǱϿգʩչͨϢ˳ȡڸ֡
ʱһȥһʱȥҶͻȻۣ͸ܵʥƶȡڸɹʥҪˣҶȺһ̲Ҫġ
ɰڴһ٣
ԼȥȻһӰʥ֮УѺۼֳһʩչͨѷһɳ
䣡
ڷɳһ˲䣬ʥںʲôһ㣬͵һǱ𶯡
ɶ񣬿ɶû뵽ԷȻڸһڲںϣڸһ뿪ңͻᱬƣߣ
ʧɫ侲Խһƣһڵշȥ
ֶӡȻĲҪȡڸϷ᲻Сӣ
һˣһ̣ʹһǱڷɳŶʮһ׸֣һӣаɭɭʧԭأ׷ȥٶȸҪϼҪࡣ
ƣǳأǿѣ飬ҶȿöľҶңƺǿߣмЩæڶ־ŰӳǱַɳʮ׸֣һǰǿߣ׷˹ȥ
ǿߵĸڸ֡
һ㣬׸֣ʮ׸֣Լʮһ׸֡ҰЩˣȫɱˡ
ҶȲûϸȥΪҪǣʮףҶȴһ£ǾǰЩͳͳɱˣȡǣͻɾŽףʵִһ
ãô죬þûаϻ
ð취ҶһͷӶ
ҲҶȾ׷ȫ̸ַ֣ܽˣŪÿв֪һȻ˲ƶռ䣬аЩ֣ۿҪץȴƤߡ


650 ͳͳɱ
ֶΣǲӼҵȷǸ壡Ҷȸں棬ҲֶΣ˺һ
ȫ̸֣ܽᱻˣתĿӡ
ΰĳͷɣ
ۿʮ֣Ҫץסˣȫ̸֣ܽͻȻһӡʱƹһޱߵ־ͻȻΪһֻ֣촨֮з򣬳һ㡣
¡
նʱͱըȫܽʮǿߣ֮٣ڱըռ䣬ѿռΧˮйͨ
ȿȣ
ըռ䣬ֱɱһǿߣǱд
СӡǸȻյþû䡭ȫܽǿߣȥ۶¶һʮյ꣬Ӣޱȡ
국һƳһЦŶǡԭиˣֲһӡӣһС
ͣ
еͻȻһ꣬һѪɫ԰ףƺҪľΪղŹȫ̲ܽþֲ̫þһֻˣǲ˼顣
ҪԵֶӣǰĵӣҪüʩչ󷨰նɱ
겻ȫܽĸ֣һ̣еĸ֣ûг֣Ҳδ³ֲ֣󷨣չ
Ͳʧһˡ
ΰ
ʮȻʩչֻ촨֮ӿγһ޴ҪҪЩ˹ͷųԵֿΪԷѾס
ˣνǻС
ۿγɵҪססնɱȫ̵ܽ
¡֣ͷߣ
һɫ֮ʣͻȻһֻ֣ѿҪݺһץˣҶһͷһס
Ҷ֣㣡ҶͻȻ֣𾪵޷š
ҷͷߣЩ޷ҷͷӳȥ˵ߣ
Ҷûеʱ䣬һ䣬ͲƵģղˣ֪Ҷ˦ηȥˡ
ȵֶӣɱСˣֻҪ̫ãץס
칭
ʱҶȻ뱬Լʵץ칭ʥǹȻһͳʧȥ
СģСϣһħƷϴʵҲ߶նɱһףעⱣλֵܣҶߣһ֣˾׷ɱȥ
һ֣֮лƣ׷ɱʮǰҶȣҶٶȺܿ죬ٶȣҪסˣӵԶԶģڱ¶ʵ£ɱˣȡ
ֶΣȻʱҲ࣬ⷽȫܽƿصģɱˣõص㣡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾЦˣЦɭɭģа̻ҪаٶҲ£ȫ̸ܽԽԽ
һʮ׷ɱһʮλ׸֣৵صסҶǰ·˷׷Χ
ɱ̸֣ûг˼һ˿ŭûУ·Ҷӳ촨֮硣
ҪɱңܷŹǣа̣ɱɱң޶ԹҶҪɱǣ
ҶͻȻЦˣȫ̸֣ܽǷӣʱЦóѵӳȥǶԿȫܽô֣
ɱʮ֣ҪȡתΪɲǿЦġ
Ҷȣʱ䣬ɹ
ڰ׾
ӴԪӿҶһͬʱգȫ̸ܽգһɹȼյ׻棬һŴͻȻ
ãСĸ֣ọ̈̄ܽΪ׸֣һŴݣȴȼյ׹棬ʩչ

ЩһǿߣӦûôʱȼյ׹⣬ͻأس֣壬ǣһɱҽУʹһ챻նɱ
򣡡
ҶȿɲЩ䣬һչˣýʮ
ãǿɱȥСǸ̥̫ǿ׹סʹ֮
һߣͷ׹أû뵽ѿҶȲһӣҲһǿߣܶԿ׵
ߣˣҽɰ˽ףδ׾ͷ֣ϣǲҪʧ
Ҷ޵سǰܣʩչ˻ơ޼ս

ǿߣͬ桢ּǿߣ˲֪꣬ɽ糬ͷȫ̵ܽߣҶʩչͨʱ亹ֱðƣȫס
ãȻ﷭ҲҪ汳
֣ѡԿȻѣ𵴡

Ҷ֡ͬʱ
ǳһɱǣ̸֣ͷǿóһͭӳ֣ǽһս޲ʤҶ
Ŷ
ҶһͭȻǴá

ְ˻ơ޼սֱǿߺݺײһԵƣһը˸Աɣ˭ҲûռˣҶһԶҶռơ
ţֶЩôô̥
֣ȻûܣҶ潻֣͸оҶʵף󺣣Բһӵеġ
ҶȰһЦ֣ƾУ潻һ죺һ֣ϧΪа̣ұǣֶĵӣҶȣҪȡͷ
ҶȣǼסˣΪƷӳ֣
֣Ȼͭ飬ƬƤֻƣһ±һҲ˵֮ǰǿһѾԽס
ֲǿնɱֶڸǿߡǵаҲУǿһȭ·绻ȭʽ죡
Ҷüһᣬ̼䣬֪Էʵﵽȫһĳ̶ȣʩչո컯ȭȭ壬ԣӿ֮С

֣üӳģһƣԶκʣһƷᱻ顣
컯죡
Ҷ֣ͬʱʩչ컯ȭڴԣȭ֮Уƽǿײһ
䣡
򶼿ֲסҪƵģҶƴ󹭣˫ȭԻģͬľͷˣŴ첻˼鿴Ҷȣǵ飬ʼʥ⻪Ŵڲʥ⡣
ʲôȭ
ʱ̣ףΪͨһȭȭȴֱռңǸоʹ࣬һֽѵ泩ȭն
ɲǼ䣬ŷ𿴵˱˿ľ


651 ͻƾŽ
׸֣ӳֲԼԽףﵽĽ״̬״̬Ҷ˫ȭֱ飬ֵҶȭ֮С
ֿ̼ƺ쳾سɷڲǻһʥͫҫ
㡭ߣ
ȫܽ׸֣𺳵ضҶȣ鲻ϵ˺ѣԵ⣬˲ͫ壬ҲΪһԹ֮塣
ˣ
ȫ̼֣ܽҪûͻɰ˽ףʵվǰҴ仨ˮ龻֣
ҶȶţĿѩȫƺʧˣղʩչ컯ȭ˫ȭ֮УǿһУնɱǿߣ־壬̤һ
龻ȽȽǿߵ֮ʣ˰ȽȽգϵת
ЩסһǿߣҷɱǣҪõǵߣڰ׾ͳͳѹ
ȫԸȫ̸֣ܽɱҶѾƣߣΧЩסһ׸֣ڰ׾û׻ûбգҶõ
ôҪǷɲˣҶ״̬£ҶȲʧݣٴδ߶Ԫ󣬰̫¯նȡۺ̫һ̴߶ڰ׾

ȼ׻棬γһֲͬҶʮȻһ໲ҽУҽӴ׻𣬾ͲҳΧ
޼˻ҶȽʱʱ̶ڱҶʵԽǿԵȻǿȻҶȲ֪ڰʲô󣬵׵٣Ǿǵϵ֮һ
ּȫѹɵ
龻֣
ϢƬ̣Ҷǰڴ֮УȻôǧͼأ߽ףҲ޷ߣҶȲõģȫȫҪʮΪ˵ͻɾŽס
ֻҪͻƾŽףҶȾɾֻһ֮ң
һˣҪʮ˵ȥ˭ҲţԹ˭ߣҲܡ
кڰ׾ѹ滹дǧͼؿռ䣬ЩȻǸ֣ȴʣֲߣû־ֶΣעЩͨˣ˾䡣
ɱȫܽ̽ӣҶ۾գ£Ща֮ͽ͸ʧ䣬Ҷȿ᲻ðװɱٴΰȫǵ̸ֵĻ龻֣龻ȻʮչҶڵ
ڣγһǧ׾޴龻֣Ҷ˫һسʮѹ

龻ͬϺϡﻩͷʮڰ׾һͬУֻգһ龻֣ʮʼת
ֱʣһȫܽʮ֣
ǵɽˮزڿʮֻҪںϣж̬Ҳ󣡡
ΰ̣Ҷڻ龻֮ϣﶯ䣬һϢȫɵĵūūػҪκ춯ϻɱ
ū̻ش𣺡ǣˣ
ūͷɵգ˱סɵɭɭΧʮ龻뼯ֶΣһǼūһˡ
ΪǸоūһ߽׾ͷ
߽ףһͿ԰ʮնɱͿ԰֮硢ʥ綼ݻٳɷ棬Щͽܷ죿
һ龻ֺεֶͨΣ̺ԣɵһ龻ֱҶȻɣ󷨣ӡɣӿֲǣ龻ֿˡ
ֻҪ龻ֲסû߻ᡣ
еūѹ龻֣Ҷȫ԰ģūǿӹɣ纺ͬȸ߶ǿߣҵūһֱУʵӣɽ磬޵УҪȫܽǿͨҵ˴ҶȲϧٴʩչ򣬴߶ūһնɱ
Ҷȿʼ̫촨֮ããһʱᣬҶҲ뿪촨֮أȫ̸֣ܻܽ뵽ҶȻΧ֮С
ٶȵ죬ӳ촨֮磬Ǳָƣȸ꣬ҰȫͻɾŽףȥϣ
Ҷʩչͨò׷鵽ϢҲˣֻҪû⣬νˡ
ʱһȥһ꣬ꡭ
ʮȫȫˣ־龻Ĩɱϵı룬һ޴򣬲γɣҶӶ
̫˼飬ȵǿ򣬻Ҫ޴˺üϾʮôɽһڣҶ¾һ֡
һ򾡣
ȫܽ˵ֻţһëȫ̸ܽʧȥһֿ֣һ֣
ꡫ
龻֣ȻһƬ׻𣬰ѱɸʬʬ壬һ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽֻʣһһɴ壬龻ҲȥҶȷǰһư档
ಣ
ͱҶģɴ建ССһ룬ҶȲͣ
꣡
һƽٻ棬ʹҶڱֻҶƤǻƽ͸һɼڲͣ棬Ѫǻ棬ҶȻգŻͷȫ
ȻȲȫܽϴ˵ȼҶͻһ磬ʵҶȰںϣͻʮףͻƴɾҶҪ
ȻΪɱ׼˭Ҳ֪ʲôӣҶȱ׼ݽߡ
ƽٻͱγܻ˳Ҷȣƽٻ¯ܿͳˣ̵¯ڣ̺ԣЩķӡϹأͰҶȹʵʵ
ͻưɣɰ˽ףŽף
ڣ֮һγƽٻ¯ҶУ̫һְԵȡκ̫һ޵еģʯʯѣԷӡ

һȭѸͺƽٻ¯֮ϣȻû飬ҶһЦֱһ𣬸ӿ롣
䣡
ƽٻ¯ǿ£ڻˣɳգҶ̾͸оƣȼգһ£翪ʼɱ䣬Сģըʼϯȫ
ָоһʵֱ٣ףȡʤĽףҺΣĽױǿʮĿǰ״̬ҪȡʤĽףЩѣȻ֮ǰһʵͻƣﵽ𣬶ʵͲǰͻͻԽ
ƺҶȸ̺ܵļѡ


652 аţ
ˣɽСͷǴﵽ߽ףÿͻƶѣҶ˵ѣҪǰǰӵб̬ԽѲʵ
֨֨
ͻɾŽףҶȷּڲӿ룬ϸѪڷڣһ٣ʵǿڻ£ڶԿףˣԿĽף⡣
飬Ҷȸо̫ˣϧָоֻͻƣͽȫܽڸϴŻУ̫ݳޡ
ҶȾͻ£Ƶطģȥϴ꣬Ҷľǵȴ
ʱ䲻ϵسʧҶϢҲȣĻΪﵽ״̬ޱǻָ
꣬㹻ˣͻɾŽס
ҶȻվ֮䣬һ߽⣬ӿǧͼҲʧҶƾճãã촨֮֮УʱԪһչԿ룬ǿֲ
ڣҶҲǿ֮֡
ӦҲָò࣬£ɣ֮ţɱҶɽʱ򣬿쵽ˣҶȰߣ˫֣о촨֮ǿϢȴмϢʮǿ
üɵκǿߣ
ৡ
ҶʩչͨΪ裬λȥϵԽؽȫܽһô׷Ծϵˡ
ţ
Ȼ֮䣬ۿù򣬾Ҫɳ촨֮磬Ҷӭܵһ־Ҫأ˭֪־Ͳ׽Ϣˣ̫ѸͣǶҲ㲻
Ǹ֣ʵҪǿĶ࡭һȫܽǿߣҾͻûȫܽ̽ӣ鷳
ȻҶǿѣȴϾọ̈̄ܽţҲ˼ҵţǴ֮гһϢʩչͨûΪһŰ۵ӣٳǰȥ
κһǳ֮ϣһ꣬ٸ֣һ붼룬Ưһʬ壬ʬ徹Ȼ룬ʬϵС
ʦ֣˴Ǳʥ̣๼һ֣ͷһ棬ʬžճɻҽ겻޵˵
̴ȥ׷ˣ˶ϢصüΪ
국üǿ죬˸оκζ޷ӹۣͿ󷽣ʱһӰ
ִʲôģİˣʵ²
ӣҶȣӦȻѡƫ뷽λǻ˲ֱӷǡþͼꡣ
Ҷǰһ侲ʩʦ֣ʦǴԫµӣǰһ̣Ǳԫ⣬ȡʦķѲ
һȴҶ֣Ҳ֪ȻǴԫµӣȥȹҪ㣡
ǣҶ¹߹
ٿ
Ҷ߽꣬һɾ벻ʱǰꡰݡȻ֣һ⣬Ҷͻ͵һġ
񡫣
Ҷüһû뵽ͻȻ֣֮ǿٶ֮죬һ㽻֣ɱУҶȿ˶̾룬޴ӣöǣҶȾȻͬһƣײͬʱ
ø֣ʲô֣ǲ򵥣ܷҵݣʵǿôףҲǴʮף
סӰҶ־ϲʵ֮ǿȴ˵ǣѵԽﵽš
û뵽촨֮һˣȻţ⡣
ҲסӰڲüһЩʱΧȴֹȤҶȣҲ¶Ŀ⣺ȫܽӣݣֵ֪ĸ֣
ݣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷס֣˾վգʽ֣ôᣬǴʮףܳΪӣȫܽ̾˲ţֶ죬ĵӣҶȣ
ҲͬҶȼԺȻһɱ˵ţҿҶֲţҲδﵽȴҿʵλӴԫУȡֶڸû뵽ﱻϣҪУ

ۿݾҪͨϢҶȳ֮ʱҶȾݣգ۾ʧˡ
֣ţȴȫܽ̽ӣаȫܽΪҶȫܽ̽ӣ˵ҿԳΪѣֻϧǸЦҲþͻֶμӾɱҲμӣϣھ֮ţܹһսҺڴ
˲ˣȴƮ˷
Ҷ֣¾ͲˣΪ㣬һμӾɱ
𾪣ȻҶȾôǰʧΪǿߣ鷢ֻϧʩչͨ޷ѰҶϢֻա
ݣղˣֶӣǴԫʦ֣ΪϢˣ
Ȼһͨս٣һӰֳҶȲߵļʱ¾ͻ޴Σ֮С
ʩλʦ֣ԫʦϢʧˣô᣿ʵԿĽ׸֣ĪǱղǸҶȵˣնɱˣ
һֶӣ˶ϢֶΣû뵽ߣɱ˴ԫʦ֣ɺޣǿɺޣһߣŭˡ
ݺȻ߳һ˵λʦֲˣҶȻμһɱԭʦܳΪ̣мʧһλ̣¹شܴ裬ֶʲôʦҪμӴȡҶͷ­ʦ֣
úãȫܽɽ磬һţǶתҪμӴ϶ѹа̣ħ֣
ʦܶܳΪٮٮߣ
ݺȻֱЩߣȻĿ¶ɵݲʵǿҲ򵥣

ߵļʱݣң
촨֮ԶĵطһƬ֮УҶջԪ񣬰Ѷǰȫ̸ֶܽԻһüͷһ᣺ңˣⲻǴ˵УɽϹʱ¡սͳμ𣿡
Ϲɽ磬ǸȺԵʱ
޴ֶ쵱ʱڣڡһ塢ħ֡аһͳʥɽȵȾ޴ռɽ磬սһ˾µɽ硣
Ͳ֪ΪսͰˣʱ񣬺սϢڣҶȴңսĵȷȷɽ磬ֻΪ֪
ֲöǿǿףԭǶһλǿתˣҴ֮һ
Ҷףǿߣת֮󣬾ͻƵ÷ǳ֮죬⶷ݣΪҲѸӣڲ֮󣬱ҶȽУһغһɽĹ
ڷ磬塢ѩӵת֮ܣֻϧڷתˣɽתޣٶȾ˾¡
ããԴӵ졢ȵȱնɱҾͺͬǿߣݣøݣʮҲȼ磬ۣҼסˣ
ʱ䲻ȥǰԶطңɱŻ㼯Ȳ
Ҷؿ촨֮תɲǣͳããɽӶȥϢ


653 Ͻ
촨֮ҶջϴﵽɾŽףΣͬš
ϸ˵ݲͬתߡ
žҶȾԽɽ̨ԽԽ㣬šǿ񲻶ð
ҶϢһͷɳ촨ܸ֮оϢǻ
ӦþƬ֮С
ԼҶȾʩչǿͨԶһƬ嫴֣ȻһƬڵ֣ͣ
Ҷ֡ûллأ
ȻҶȲ׽Ϣһ㲻һӰӴɳǳɹȡڸ
Ҷȣ־ϲͫڲһһȣǸжǫĴҶȣû¾ͺãΣأû뵽ȫܽ˿£κεطٻҶ֣ҾһѲк󸣣ھ֮ţҾԻͷأ
ҶЦΣͷΪΣ˵ھڲŰҶȵ￴
֣ɱ򵥣ǰãӳ촨֮ʱȫܽиΪݣϹŶҸתҲʮףвףĽʵа̺޴󣬻ħȵţ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȴôһ³أ֮ţۼɽеɽֺ֮ҶȿԿ϶δ֮УﲻԸ벻
ɱǿ̨
Уֻһ־ߣվ۷ҶȣҲη޵Уܵõɽôˣ½ǧ磬ѵû˵õ
󣬳ԿͷĻԼ
ңǶң
˲Ϣ֮䣬԰ֵȴһɲסüͷݣøҿϹսףŶһսˣʵΪǿʧɽʷ֮Уû뵽ðˣ
˵Щˣʱ䲻࣬ȥɣҶȵ˵ҲͷͷֶΣֶȥ
ҶȻûʩչʵǰٶȣҪչʵͲˣҶȻҪʵҪҶȶһִʩչǧͼ¾ܻص
˾һ·ͣӹؽɽϢҲˣ촨֮磬ڤڤ֮ж־ƿأ̫ѹ֣ǿߣᱻں־


ôˣȥִʮӣΣ
֮У˴һߣһǰУȻ鶼ģͼ
ʦ֣ʮ꣬ʮʧܣһӶ֮Уӳɹʣʮ飬ҲϢˣ
һλ֮߳Уüӥۣŷƿ
ʦܣ㾡ͨƣϵʮʮӣǾץʱ䣡˵
λʦ֣ˣ
ʱһٻӰͬɫ飬ӽ˸棬滹һλŮӣȴǽӡ
λߣˣ׷׳ʩ񣺡ԭʦã
ڽӣЩλߵߣûʲôʾ
ʣĪǼѩĿһɨӣҲʾ⣬Ȼ棬Ϊʵ
ͣɽ꣬ڸǶԵɣ˭û뵽ӲȨƵͷˣҲѡ
ϬһĿģǸ߸λʦ֣ҶȸղŴٷѳɹ񣬶ڸܻ
úãǾʮӣ񣡡˶̲סֽкãЩɹߣֶδ֮ǡ
ʦøǣ
ڴʱһ䣬һ󷨾Ͱסӣʧڽ硣
գۣ˾ͳڱ֮£濴ӣ꣬ǿȥɽ磡
ӹʦͷģҶ纺֮ˣѩһᵱԼˣ纺Ҳ߲УվҪȥѩ
ৣ
һٷӽд̳𣬻Ϊһ⣬ֻϽͻͻؽһͨ˲Уͨʧ
ʼˡһ԰Ȩƣ󻹲Ҫͷ
ȻһŮӣһλŮ߳ŮժһɫѪߵԱŮӣʦ
̤ɽ磬ǼԹޣͬߣĵض񷣬ȻԱŮӣʦϽ磬Ҫȥˣ
Ҫץʱ䣬ʦϽ㣡ŮӴһٷִ񷽵һͨӶȥ
תһͨһϢ䣬һӹͨͨͷһ̤룬ȻҶȵ
ǣΪ˭ԭ㣬㻹ĪǣҪұΪҶ֣
̤Ҷȵ˲䣬޴ڽƾʹˣһɫŮӣݣŴȻЦݣ纺
纺ʦãлл㣬ϣҶȺúûţôϣһرѩޣ㣬ҪתҶȣһڸɽϣھɱŲźã
ôһ仰һ˿Цݣתͷ֮С
ʽȥϽ磬͸ȥǸ鷳֪֮ǰҸᣬһ޷У
ৣ
纺ȻݲȣвֻεЦЦתȥ֮С

ˣ
⣬֮ϣ˴켸鷨ߣ󷽻ӣƯտգֻӰ𽥳ֳ˶Ľʡˡ
ǷͬѰ
ڹ࣬λӣƲӢϢ
ˣҲαμӾɱţңѾʤ顣
ԹˣҲֺ˵һǿ󣬶ûͻƿܣЩ緢ɽǵģٹãǵλͻᳬԽЩ
ֶ죬ŵӣҪѩѩͼǵӣǵλȴֶܱȡ
ɽǸš̨
λʦֵܣǻˣ
գҶȼӿٶȷ򣬵һӭӵͬţһ⡣
ʹȻѡʱѩҲ֮УϾʵ޷ͼҿ⣬Զ½磡
Ҷȣûٱ飬ȴһֱ纺ݵϢ
˻عֶܵӼеӭɽ񣬾ܲμӾɱܶǷ񣬽עصĶ
Щ˳ͽᣬ


654 
Ҷͬսʿֶܵڵӻӭ⣬˶ʶҶȡ
һ£ҶȳˣǧɽХֶ촫ǰҶȴֶ죬ֻϺףйأͬҶȿŬ
Ҷԭصֶ죬Ȼصúһڴ֮ǰ˭֪ûãʮҲϢֻжʣĲ䣬ʧܶ顣
ξʮλŵӣֶμӾɱһӣһ룬ֻʮ֮һ⻹ֶɽ磬ڵš
ʥڣ磡
ʮţɽֶеٮٮߣʱվ֮ϣԽԽ鷨ߣڸϡ
͡ݳҶȡϫܿܿ塢ա衢һ÷á
ˡΪ߲㣬ֳׯϷӡʮλɹߣһһÿһӡһͨա
ڸǿѰʮͨɽ磬¼ڲᣬʮһ֮Ŵ뿪ɽ磬̤ɽõص
ȷһɽ磬޵ܽػɽ磬Ҷʮȴͨһ̤ɽ磬ֱӵõɾȻ
ϲλʦܡʦã
˲䣬߲㶼ʮλӣʾء
ʮ֮УŮӣռһ룬ֶŮӵλҪɣһŮӣ㲻Ůӣѹеӣڸ֣Ҳʮ𾴣ɫߡ
Щ֮УвٵѩҲСҶԪһɨһŵӶסˣЩΪһףȴӵԽʵܶԿףܶԿס
Խһ׶Կףﶼţɽ磬ǾͷЩĸǸһȣҶ֮УλΪġ
ɱ׼ȷ˵꣬꣬ϣǿԺúñչУʱ֮ŻԱڲؿ߲֪ͨͨţڴ֮ǰΪǰϷǻҪǰǹڴ飡
ߣΪλ˶࣬ͬһܴﵽ׶пܣĿ·ҲںǰЩţ֮ţɽϹʱڣɽ編ĴܣµһԴҲһ̫û֪֮Ծɽ磬ÿһţɶͬɽ磬һֱԴԼɱҲϹΨһɽ̨ǿߣǴ߳ģŵĴۣǰɽһξٰĵһϤĸţһ⣬ǲμӹ

ٵӣ֮һѪڣһһֶ̨μӹ
ÿÿɽʱҲͬɽУɽʱ䶼δɽǧһΣɽһһΣɽһΣɽʮһΣɽһһΣɽһǧһΣ
֮һصɽ磬ٰɱֻʱʱһΣɽͬǴӵɽ翪ʼԣǺˣþɽ֮ʱպǧһֻؽһţʮλӲֻ˻ŻڶǸɽĵӣ
ЩףɱжôѵãܲǾ߲ѡ񣬲ѡǣڴϸڣھϽһᮡʦܣǣʲô⣬Ҳ
ĳ˵꣬ʮĸӣĸɫأţһֻ˻Żɵ﷢
ϣ󷽣ÿһֻһλˣս֮һ
ᮡգ
ԭҶҲţԺڸǷ˵ò˼֮ʣȻһ𣬱ǿСᮡ㵡
ΪΣ
Ϊ̫λ棬Ժǿĵˣ죬ͬյۣգƺżȻҶԺʱֵ졣
ССݴ½ĸţ졢桢ѩҶȣĵˣ챻Ҷնɱ䣬ѩҶȵһһͳ̫λ棬ҶȲûȥѰȥɡ
ϾĴţͬ½Ҷѩ֮䣬ûֱӳޣΪ켷м䣬ҶȲѩΪˡ
ʱ˿̣糱֣ҶȽ֮ˡڸ󶼴žĿˣһʮꡢͦΡ˫ֱһɫƤ۾񣬱ͦ͸Ÿ֮ꡣ
ᮣǧǰһɱһȻȲͲʧģһ
졭ᮣмƣĳЩϣҲһ˿˿ϵĪǵᮣǱң
ᮣҶ˼ٴηڣҶԺ߶龻֣תĪǡɽ˶ת
ȻϢź˿һ˿˿ϵ
ͻȻ䣬ҶԺ龻֮Уץ쵱Ϣ밵յϢںϣϢڤڤ֮һ˿ϵϢҲͬ˵죬һ塣
ۼң
û뵽Ժ죬ɽֶ죬ᮣͬһۼң
Ҷüһ컯Ūˣغ֮ǧ磬ɽ磬Ҷȶ졢ײһ겻ѡ
Ҷ֣̾Ϣʦ˵ҽŲãʱʦֻδ̤ɽ磬Ųܶȡһʵߣɽǧ꣬ɼ̤ɽ磬Ϊ޷͸ţǧͻףʵǿף
ӵƶҶ΢΢̾Ҷ˵˼ȻǲҶȾõһȡ
ԱԼĸС뼵ʡ
Ȼǧ̤꣬ɽ磬ᮣȻҶĿһͷ⿴ᮣȥᮻ赲ҲǣʵҶͬˮƽ߳һء
ۼҵҶ侲
λʦܣڴ˹ϲλܲμӴŸ߲ίУ½ҪѾ֮ڲעߴң
᮴󷽵˵Եǫǫ񣬲Ǹɽǿߣ֮ڣΣأıǿռ籩ػߣռ籩Ǿ֮ڲɽⲿγɵһֿɽ֮߳Խķ籩ҪǱռ籩Χֻб˺÷һ³һʵ׵ĵӣ籩˺ùʣػߣǾ֮ڲػڣ
ռ籩ػߣ
ڳҶȡʮĵӣЩӣźӶһ䡢ëֱ


655 ϯ
ǿռ籩£ػ߸ӿ£
վ֮ǰֱ鷨ӵأᮼֱ֮ϣǹһĵˣҶ⣬ĵ˭˻뵽ʵĵ˾Լ
Լ
ʱ䣬鷨߻ʮˣ仰һ̾
ˣǿĵ˭
ÿ˶ʡ
£⣬ֵ֮ϹµķױȣػΪػҪ꣬Ҫȴܿػߣ֮˭ΪػӵпģκζʵҲ˵Ҫһ̣ػ߷Ӵػ߾ͻӦΪģһʵȫһĿܣҲ˵Ҫ꣬ҪԼ
棡
˲üꡣ
ʣһ޷սǿУܿ뾡취նɱԷһԼӵͬʵͨô
һìܣֲìܵ顣
Ҷð亹û뵽ɽ绹ֱ̬ͨҶҲûţԴͬԼҡͷֲֶ̾˶ӣʥɽЩţֻʮӲΪ࣬Ҳûе̤֮ţ֮ţ䣬ǳɹû·
ѡͲܻͷ
һɣҪĲųҪ־ᶨǿߣһɣܳ淢չӲ
ɱʵһսԼսʤҵĻᣬǵɱ¾ĥϹɽ磬õԴ
ҶȻΪɱһɱ¾ͨɱ¾Ϊʤߣܶ꣬û뵽ַʽ
ֿλʦܣȻ֮ڣԤ޴ڵĿռ籩ػ⣬ȴȥȡԪ֮Ԫ֮ǿĹʵһŹʵԪо޴Чʮ棬һŹʵһΣţ֮ţȡԪ֮ʵ̤ǿ֣֮ˣžЩҪǿģԼӱϣȥˣͳˣ
лʦ֣ʩ
ʹɣλʦʦãҶˣԶͣǣ
߲ʩ񣬻δͻΪһ⣬ȽȽ񷣬ʧӰ
ʦ֣ײβһ鷨ߣύָɽţֻϧֻԶۣ޷ӡ
֣֪ڵļһЩϢ
߲һУԼʮ˲뿪߳Ҷһ࣬ҶȲۼҵ顣
ۼң
㶣ǰǸĿԶʧˣһҡҡУҲҲֻ֪ʮأҿѯʣӼңƾʷκμ壬й¼뽻ʣͼңڶңкϸ¼
ۼأҶĺؼ¶һ£Һãڷ磬ˣŵ䣬Ҷ֮䣬ڵжԹϵ
ǵᮣǵ죬ͬһ壬ҶûбҪӵۼҵˣο˲򵥣ҶҲɽ絽С
ܲһ˵㣬͵˶ɡ
Ǿ鷳֣ΪҴһµۼң
䲻ǵˣҶҲ֪ۼҵʲôĲҶǿãŵ䣬ҶȾΪԹ˶ˣȻüᮣҶۼ̡
ɽ磬κ벻鶼֮ᷢǿػߣӵģκʵͨ䱻ҶɱۼȴûᣬᮣҶȾ;ƺۼ֮䣬йϸ
ȻҲϣͷǴˣ
ǺǣС£ֵһᣬҶ֣ҽͬӪ໥Уɽ绹Ҫȥɽ磬֮Ȩƣɱ¾ϣ
ȻҶȣ˼ǸһȣĿֿ
ɵӣҶܴȫ̸ܽ׷ɱӳ죬оֶΣһӴط֣Ҷȸ濴ʵز¶֡
΢ת䣬ҶȺγϸ΢֮ó
Ҷ¶Ȼ΢ЦõģϾӼǸ壬һţֶ϶Ȩߣ˵üǣ˵ҶͬţΪ棬ܶ˶޷ԭܻᱻ䷽ʧȻ˸߿ʦܣʦȻʦվͬӪκεˣһͬ⣡
ãЦòá
֣Цˬ죿һͬΪǸþһۣǾȥʦõۻᣬҶʦܾΣ
ʱһλӢȻλֳĿɨҶȣΪмϡ
ۻ᣿
һ㶣̧ͷǰӣƺڵȴ𻰣ͷʦãȻã
Ǿ߰ɣ
ףǼ˵ͷҶȾż󣬷󣬰еӸŮʮֿ
һ֮ͨ󣬾߳ͨӭһƯʥɽɫҫۣȻʹҪ̻Ի͡
ӭˣ
ʥɽ֮ϣһʱˢˢʮг衢Ů澡
ҶȰһƳλŮ֮Уѹ˵òŮӣһѳģܿܿǺݷݣɽ磬г衢Ů澵ĵӣУܿܿʲô
ҶȽֶ죬һŮӻū
Ҷ֣ЩܸܿܿӣһλǿߣھɽڣһްԵĴڣ˭ҵȻɽ磬ǳҪ̤ɽ磡ǡôҶһ䣬Ŀ֮УԿĳҲܿܿмּɵ
ҶȾͳĬ˷ʥɽͼһٶū¹ӭܿܿŮ澾ֳֻг̧ŻţµȴЩ񣬶Ŷܿܿ
ֶ죬ҶȾ˵Щ΢ū磬Բע⣬ͻᱻնɱ
Щг裬ʵг裬ֻūгŮ˫޶󣬵λūͬߡ
Щūң޶ȣʱͷء
ӭλʦãҪ⣬
һɫ׺һЩɳĻĹ֮Уܿܿһ룬ζ
ܿܿҲòڡĳȴҹά
Ҷһǡܿܿ⻹Ҷȵһμ棬һŮϧǣֶʲôȱǲȱŮһ̧ͷŵ˵ŮһȺȺɹ
Ѱ̡ӡȸӶòڣܿܿϣһء
ú㣬Ҫаʧұȡ
һȺŮūͷūŮߣŮе߷̣Цܿܿ룬һ㣬Ȩơ
ܿζȻͲýʳᣬһܣҶȣɽ缸꣬Ҳδʳܿܿǹ򣬱ж찡
ҶǴ۽磬ССɽݳޣҪǾɽЩɵۼŮӣ֪ū


656 ʥ
ϣҶ֮⣬еӼҪŮūЦȻĿزҲǼΪޣŮӣܿܿΪףūȻԴ
ŮӣǰܿܿΪһǸƿ麮ŮϫΪһףϢǱҪؼ֣Щ֮УҲϫܿܿѵ֣
ҶȲȺҲûȥҶȣڰй۲ʮš
ܿܿϫ塢ա÷ŮӣΪȰеϲǿʢһأΪʵҲҪǿϼ֣֣Ҷ޷ϫΪ
Ҷϸϸ࣬Ůϫһɫ£һ߲ػڷѩŮ·̬ǧдһ˿ȻūҲҶһ㣬١
ΪһײһؽʮָҲǷͬѰ֣Ů֮УʵǿҶȿʮֿ϶ֺܿܿҲ֣Ůӣʵۺǿס׵Ÿ֡
е֮УҶΪ˿һΨˣ͡
Ϳֻʮ꣬ҶȾЩһᣬǷȺպգƲ˵ͷͷǵ֪񷣬µصӣ˵ŮӶ㺡
ǧ𱻴Ի󣬿Ʋʮ꣬ȴһףʵҶҲ޷ƺһΪڣͬػһػţȻʵҶȿԴŸӦǳ֮⣬мǿһ
Ҳһսʤˡ
еӣݳ衢һ䲻̬Ҳǿһ׶Կ׵ţԱʵ
ֶ졭Ȼ˲űɽӵ̨ءɽ磬ųɳ̨
ֶ̤켸꣬ҶͷһμôһҪôдǴǼĳɣҪЩ˳ɳȥΪɵۼͷǲܡ
ָһǣͻȼյš
Ҷʦܣһ˲˵ƲƣƼŵģʦ֮ǰҲΪϤ
УҶһ˺𣬷ˣҲ֮֮ʣһŮӺȻҶߣȾٱ
ʦ㣬죿
ŮŮУɫڵ壬ֻϫ伸֣ʵȴܿܿ࣬Ҷվʩ
岻òҲڽʣҶ֮ǰͼŮейŮˣΪ£ýʣʵϫ棬ϫ
ҵʦһλѣϵܺãʦǰǲȥ󷨣ֻϧѩ̤ɽ磬δ֮ҪȥʣҶȾٱֻͬСָһĨǷ֣ղܡ
һӣ˷次
ҶȰһЦŮӣڷ֮ʱ벻Ůйʣϵļ̣ΪУ壬Ų˿Ķɽ磬֮Уֺ޴̤ǿ֮֡
Ů֮飬УʱڿУԺ֮ȥܵ˺Լ
ҶȽĥͼ᲻ɴݣ
һҶȲΪ֮˸ڨڨȥҶȾƣֱҶȶδйཻʡ
֮뿪ܿܿҶȱͨͨӣҶȾռ䣬ͷŷӡ֮С
ˣ
Ҷɽ¥纺ʹӷ߳ƲžһС
һӣ۾ۣ
ҶȵͷȻĿ纺һɨ纣ͻŽˣǲ˼飬ٶȣǺܴܿﵽɵۣ󣡡
Ҷ£纺ȻӡΪֻһףҶں纺Ϣԣܿ纺µĲƣͨƣҶ纺֮ϣ־ŵѷۡ
纺̤Žף֮ҲŰ£纺ʹӰ˽̤Žף߽׽٣ҶȾȲѡ
һ룬纺ɽھռ֮ģٶȣϾռԸıʱ䷨纺дٶȲ⡣
иҪһ㣬纺ǱԴ֮ԲԷԼԣУɽһ򵥣ԣֻҪԣ纺ٶȻԿֲٶȽ
ٶȣҶҲĪҲֻҶڵ
˽̸һᣬ纺ڽûȻѾ佻ҶȣϢһ󣬱ڡ
Ȼͻ
ָڣҶȾͷ̫¯ʼУɾŽΪȡ̤ʮףɾ
֮࣬ҶóʥƣһɽļԪ񣬸ҶȣͻɽμӾɱ
úãһꡢԼң֣ھ֮ڣԷֶȡԪ֮Ԫ֮ڹżУԪڵ֮ǵ
ҶջԪд˼ƻꡢһ𣬾ɱṩΪĴ֮Ųе˵Ԫ֮в
һȡһΪˮǴߣΪһ粻⣬Ҷаգ֮󣬾ɾʱ̣ɾʹɾʱʵǿһ̬ز
ҶҲõ꣬ʥɽʥɽֶ컹ҪǿȻͨؼҶȰ£ںһƬҪʩչǾҲΪβżʥɽܴμӴԭ
ҲӵһΪصָƣһλߣʵסĽףʩչָԿס
ҶܶԿĽףѾԶԿĽףҪǿҶȸõģֻҪȫ̶ܽתţٷְݺ֮š
ʥҶ֮ǰ͸ӦԪָһӡ⿪ˡ
Ȼжʮʥɽڴͨ¡ŲƼ뵳ɵģ
ͨԪҶȲɿһЦɽҶնɱɱڸ֣棬֮Ҫʥһѡжʮһ׸ּ롣
֮ǰʥʮŲʮ룬жʮ룬ոư٣ֻҶɾ
ٶȻ̫ξ֮ţɢʥõ;
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȻһЦĿŷţ֮ŲҪвţôʥչǱжڴ
ʱҶһѪڵսо


657 ˽
ռ̳֮ϣҶ纺ڸУ̳ӿԣӲ컣̫¯ȼţԡ
ʯʯѣǸʲôȻԶգ֮ԭÿ۾ϧӡȻӡ޷ȫѹ
ռʱ䷨ڽһǧ꣬Źȥһ꣬ˣҶ̫޼˻סڰ׾ײûᣬĴ񹦣ÿһֶһǰܲģ磬һǧ̫ھռ䣬ҶȿԷ
ǧôȥҶֹͣʮ˽׿ʱϺȻһԹ⻷ǴǶ۾еõǹʯѡ
ΪҶȣȻо֮Уһ˿˿ȶһץȻǷӡʯѣԷӡ
ⳡҶųһ亹ǰ£Ƕ۾ڣ⿪ӡʯʯʯʯѾȻԷӡ˼飬ȥԷӡ޷ѹ
ζţʯʯʼһ죬ᱬչģҶð亹ǣʱ޷ѹʯѣ޾һܻ𣬶һ֪Ǻεȼڡ
ֲҶȶоֲ
ʯʯﵽԶ޷ѹô֮£ֻ̫һѹҶС׳֮ʣҶȶԷӡ
ϧϧǶ۾¶֪ʲôģҴﵽնɱǶ۾磬㳹׶Ƕ۾䣬о⣡ӡ
ҶȿɲʯʯѼ͵͵ǰ򶼸˲ˣ޷ѹǾ̫һǺһ̫Ҷȷӡʼʯʯѡ
һӡڰʯʯѷӡʵʵҺ÷ֵ磬ˣʯʯѽҶȴ޴鷳
ūҺúÿţ
ָһͰѷӡ⻷ūУľػڷӡԱߣʼС
ɱͻʱϢұҪһɽ뷲һˣʥչҪĸУܰװװԴóȥʥĳЩԱֻǱҸŵ̬ż뵳ɣ
ҶףƶԽԽϾһ̤ɼվڴ̨ȥǿߴｻ棬νȰңҶȱʥˡѰȶ֮Уܴչȭš
ʱǰǺ»ͳڹ꣬ͷš
Ҷȼȴٻ֮

һգտʮڵӴɽ˷ϻۼ˷ΪǧһεľɱҪʼˡ
Ŀŵӷ緶
ˡߵһٶ״һ˷ƾۼ󲿷鷨߶ϻѰҲС
ˣ
Ȼ޽磬΢΢һΣӡͨӡ߼ӡĵӡŵӡ鷨߶ա
˻һָ鷨ߺȵչ磬ӭӾ֮⽵٣
ˡ
鷨ߣһ׵׵ǿߣ׾ͷûжЩһ׶鷨ˢˢͬӡͼʯϿս磬ͻȻһ͸⻷һȹϵĴţγ⣬֮ж
ȴ֮ߣγɣǶУͬɽ編Ƕչһ¾ܰ
ӭϽʦ֣
ŴŴ͸н٣˺Ȼϰǿߣչʩ
ٿ
ͨս٣ֻмʮΪȻﵽĽ׵ǿߣӰ˵˹ѡ
ಡ
ͬʱķӰΪӪ½ߵƣÿһƶվǿߣͨ񿼺˵ʮš
ˣǣǾϫʦ㡢ܿܿʦ㣡
ʦ֣ǵһμˣǰãѹסһħͷΪ´󹦣
ʮǿ߷ʮڵͳͳĽʺްͷŸĿ⣬ϡ
֮ӣܵ𾴡
ϫܿܿ͡ݳҶȡ塢ա衢һ÷áδţμӴЩɽ鷨ڸϣϣڴӱ
ͬʱҲŶαߣ
ԸɽǿӰչƤеɭɭɽžоɱɽȾдţϣλͷڴ죬Ϊˣһ飬ܳɹߣֱ̤ɽ磬ܹඥͣеܳΪɽһΪɽ죬Ϊֶ״ӣ
״ӣ
ʱ䣬ڳʮ󣬻Ըɽǿߣһӣ𾪵޷š
״ӣɽ죬ŵ֮УߣλߵĴڣΪ״ӣһ֮յĵӡ
ֶ죬״ĸǸ߸ϣѩĴߣѩͼҵΪֶţΪǾֶ۵״ӣõ۱Դͨ
ҪܳΪ״ӣȻһ죬ֱ̤ɽ硣
ֲ˼飬Σȥε
״ӣ״ӡ
ʮ֮ӣ˭Ϊ֮ĸ֣̫зò𺳵ţʱͷ⻷һ̣ƵطŴ
ǣڸ֪֮࣬ҪΪɱһţҲܣֶʷ֮ϣֻһôһǾֶ۱ˣ꣬ɱδֶ춼ûвһߡ
ܳΪһɽͷǺεȵţʵɽʷЩܳΪͷ˭ɽֶۣõһ֮£ͰֶΪɽ糬
״ӡø״ӣˣĸϣҶûаգսʤţ϶ߣ
ҶȲĻŭţΪֶɽ粢ǳеľްԣֶ֮ϣкܶɣЩɵӣ޾Ҫ볬Խǣܡ
ֶ´ĽͣǷˣֳ֪жٵӺڣûбμӽ
ҶһЦߣʲôͷ붼Щģھ֮ţȡԪ֮ͱʵʣȥͷɣֻҪܳΪֶ죬ĵӣ㲻ˣ
Ȼʮ֮УƱػһߣλӣŸ߲Ҳзḻʹͣλһλᣬ̤ɽУõඥԼʹͣɽֳڣоͻΪ״ӣ
ɽǿ֮Уִ޵
ˣ֮ѾɽʮСţʦܣȥ֮Űɣ
ɽǿ߽һ仰ʧ֮ͨС


658 ź
״ӡλҪһ
֮Уֶӹ͸ɽǿȥվеϿյʮţͣˣŷʮ㣬ʤȯա
ԭЩӣ֮ǰʮ侲Ϊǫ飬˽һֱüɫ衣
ʦܣб¶ȡףȻΪֽкãǾ֮ڣ໥ɱҾáǱŽҪ
Ůӣ¶ͬ飬ҲǣֻҶϫӲûжӦϫͬˮˡ
һƳƺϫӣֿˣϫʦ㣬λʦֵܣЩУʵ֪һΪһ򵥲ܣȫңܳΪһҷɻڴ֮ʱһرң
ֺһ
ǺǣֶƵʥɽšޱڣЩʲôĲʦܣ־ߣ޷󼰣ҪǰóôԲϧֶ㣡
ȻҲĩһ߳˳ͷһӲʣ͹ô
øˣǽͷݣûк³Ҷһɨ̰ᡣ
ҶȻδЩҲȴû뵽泹ʹ£¶Ŀ
ʦ˵ĲʦҲֱʦ֮УΪŵˣҲ㣬˭֪º󣬲һ˦ˣܿܿһŮӣΪĵ˵
һݣ赲ˣŷɱʦ֣ʦ㣬ôõó״ӰıⲻʦܿЦ𣿡
ǺǣҿǶͣɣ֮ϾҪͻȻܿܿͬŮʰ˺ȵ
Ȼ˳Աһ˴ŰλסǿߣϣȻ࣬ڿƾ޴硣
Ҷ֣ȻҶ״ӺӵУȴףĶ˶ٵףЩ˶Ĳϣ˵ᱳ֣ȡ꣬ǻУȥ꣡
ȻǸˣܿˡ
ãûǸͣǸŸ֣һǣҫȴ᳤桭ҶȵͷˣҶȷĶˣϾ֪֪ףֶκʵ
λʦܣ߰ɣ̤֮⣡
ڣĽ£һ֣һٶ֣Ҷȡ͡ϫܿܿʮ˷֮⡣

һٶɽ޵еĴڣ֮ŸߴӰ̣˷ŷ̤һ磬粻ϵر仯ǶǾֹֻǴ˺Ȼǰһһ̫ճǰ
̫룬ƮһͭɫַӡĹϴţͬɽŻشա
Ǿ֮ţɽڡ
Ϣ֮ţȻͬѰͳмҲûһ磬֮ţǺεֱɽ޵з
ҶĿⲻ֮ţͷһ·һƬޱռ䣬鶼ˣЩ£ҶҲӹżϿɽķš
ɽ˺ҲΪҶһɨţԼʮţԼɾӢеŵӡ
˳棬Ҷţɱɽϵ֮أҲĴ̨
ҶȾ㿴һ£УǶּǿߣҲţңȻдħаϢԼǶһɼаħжٵӲ
̨ɽ磬ŵ̨
Ҷʦܣλѣ˶󣡡
һϤɽ˺֮дҶȶ
ͺãʥɽЩӣҲĺﶼ
ҶȻһ䣬ԭҶְѴżƻ˵һ飬ϵɽ˺ɽֲɣֻѡ
һжڰнУʮŵӣھϢ񣬻̸Ҷڼɽ೬һֶɣʮ֮࣬ЩӸ԰ֶӶòơ
۵ģЩɣа̡ħеĳȾްϰ֮ࡣ
Ҷʦܣ
ȻһϤֶ߲㴫
Ҷüͷһ̷ֱǺ˷ֱģû˵Աܿܿһӭȥȸʦ㣬ԴȤ
ܿܿѽҪúñ֣ʣ̤ɽ磡ԭҶй׵ȸӡ
ȸӽһȹûжװε׺һף̸ܿܿ䣬Ӳ֮УҶǰ˶Ľ֮ƺȸݱҪ߳һء
˵Ų߲㣬Щӣһ࣬ȸЦҶǸƵģû뵽һܳΪû㣬ɼΣ
ʦ㣬ҿɲֻһǻѪûʵɽ񣿡
ҶȵǶȸӣһжûУ˵ᷳһ㲻ᷳ˵øУҲûٺøУͽָо֮䡣
ȸӿЦʦҪúõϢΪĿģһϣɴܼ״ɳڶ㣬ԸػߣΨǱ볬ԽԼģܴػߣȡ꣬ҵμɽ򵽵Ķػֻģʵȴ޷ģǱ
Ǳ
ⷬҶȵɲǻȻ
ʵȷģ⣬ӷͨͿԿóǱǿӵеģԣػʵǿҲսʤģ󣬾ΪǱġ
ܴһ㣬ˣȸӲδҶȳ˼֮˵ǵҶһΪ͵˵
ҶȺȻֶȸӣһΣԷʲôˣǰɽĴڣɵ۸֣ǵλ֮ߣ˭֪
ȻûֱӸҶʲôôҶ˵ػ㣬ϺôҶȱȭлʦѣڴɳȻУΪлʦ㣬ֻҪʦ˵Ҿõó
ʦǹ龫ããģҲ֪СͷŪôɳ˲֪ΪֻһѰëͷСӣ
Ҷ˵仰ȸЦøӶˣ˳¶һ߹Ůӵеʣҡҡͷɴ㣬Ҫȥ߲㣬ɴ飡
ʦ㣡
߲㣬ҶһȻ԰ɽλֶ첻һĸ߲ɼ
Ҷ֣û뵽㾹Ȼȸʦ㽻ʣȸֻǷɵ۰ɵ۰
һʱ䣬ӷ׷ΧٰҶȵС
ɵ۰нʣ˻С


659 ţͷ˵
Ҫԣϴȥչչ̻ᣬڸɽһƽ
Ҷȸܵһȣţ֪˱ܿܿ͡Ҳǲò˵׻Ҫ֮ǰҶվͬȵλҶֻһѡ
Լۼһ£ʮţɣΪͭƴţ֨ػ򿪡
һ̣вּֽţû˻һ̤һܿ˫գӵȨơ
֮ʵڵλã޷Ӧ֮ɽ칬Ϊ֪Ŀռ䡭
Ҷȿž֮֮򿪣һ⣬ͬǶÿ˽Ӵ⣬Ը֮ܵڵ̫ţ䣬ܴ߶κھ֮и꣬κζпܴɾ̤ɵ۾
Щţվ֮ڵɽᷨ򣬱ǰӦ֮ŷ
ţȻ硭
Լ죬ҶȾͷԼвţⲻϵط֮ţ޷ƺȫƿأʧȥɣ֮Ѿȫʲô
һƬֻлĺ嫡˴ΪһϹɽ硣
Ϊ֮Ųɽ޵дڣҿ칬ǰҲһܶԿ֮ţϧҾ̫޷֮ŵʲôڣҪ˭ܰѾ֮ɽ޵У
˺ӿ֮ţҶֵǣƾ֮Ų޷ʮ˽룬ϧͷֿռһ±ùޱߣ֮žϹž޴죬ܰѺϴ⡣
̫˼飬ҪǾ֮ҪԸɽؿһܰɡ
ɽ˭ƿޱߵľ֮ţǳΪɽİǿɵۣۣҲǾ֮Ŷ֡

Ȼʮط֮ڣɲǼ䣬Ǿˣ̧ͷһеս
ΪΣ
Ϊǰ֮ţǾͼ磬ǰһɵľˣǻΪʲôͨʯʣſϸߴȷһˡ
һţͷľˣ
ţͷ֮У޴֮ΰ磬һϵƤ£ŷҰƵģһԺڶĴۣ·ͷֻţǣգһ޼᲻ݵķâ
ৡ
ʮˣͻȻֵţͷ˶֮ʣţͷͻȻˣֻȻضһץŵܣǶ㲻ˣֻд󲿷ֱ۾ӦʱʮţȻվھġ
ʲôţͷ˾Ȼһģʮˣ
ÿ˶оţͷʵǿ޷󣬶ԷһһǷ԰ʮ˲䴵ΪһƬҽ
վھ˵ģ˭־¡
ǿţͷˡؼȻĺܣɽ죬һ磬Ȼǿ󡢲˼ǿߣʲôɽۡһǶ֮֡ţͷˣǺεȴڰ
ҶţͷˣҲ亹ֱðһԹ޷ĵǿ칬֮ԭǶ۾ƺǰţͷǿ޷սʤǾˣ޵УҶ뷨ҲΪ档
ɽ红ǣǾ֮ˣֻʱ䣬ʱһǶȥɣȥϹǵĲƸ
ˣţͷ˺ȻᴵͰʮӴڰնᣬ޷һϡﻩͬˮ׷׺ˣһƬϷأʮŵӣϡ֥벻ͬ
ţ
Ҷֻо޷ԿأݺݱһʮǧԶƵģ޷Ӹ߿գ֮УݺڲݵϣһȻǲݵأʵʣǻûӳ
ⱲӻǵһΣǿǰ޷֮ҶͷҲᣬɭʮִ磬ɽ紿ǧ򱶡
Ҷֿˡ
ķһ˲ӶգԭһƬɽ֮УͷһɨΧ½½вٵӣʮӵǣͬطҶ̴߶ӡٻˡ
ӡͬɳͬʱҶҲˣҲַͨʽٻ˶Ҫһͬ
ֻ꣬꣬ǲпᰡ
Ҷɽ֮ϣɣҡҡͷɱֻʱޣ꣬˵͹ȥˣ̶ʱ䣬෴˵˴ĲпԣϢʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ɹ
ʱ㣬꣬Ҳܶ飬УȥоͨҲͬһ㣬Ҫʱܶȹ
У
Ҷȷٷȴ֮ʱȻɽһȿ
ҶһվһӾץס޼սïղûʲôǻﴫҶȰԾ֮ڲпµĿռ籩ػߣлŵ
ϳԤϣ־ᶨʧȥġ

ȻҶȾУĿ罣ע£ͻȻһľѴֱײȻһǧסߴֵĺڻ߳Ҷǰţƴĺڻͷ⡣
ڻߣټڹżжδĪǣڻϹҪСˣ
Ҷץ޼սû뵽Ž֮ţûԪ֮ҲûǱһڻ߸ˡ
ಣ
Ϥ֮䣬ڻƺҲԣޱȣҶȻδ׼㷢弡ⷢըƣʱ죬¶һٰʮſǶʯһ㣬Ҷ͵ع
ٿ
ڻôҲܻҶΣ֮ʱҶһڰԾڶֻڻ߷Ҷȸշ˲䣬ӽӹǾĶǣһ˵Ҷ塣

ҶͻȻڿһӳٶ֮죬Զںڻ֮ϣֻһնںڻ߾Ȼնڽϣ˿
ӲȵǲʵҲˣڻһʵƣ
һڻ߲£ҶȴЦˣԭһˮһݣͻͻر޼ս׹ԵϢǺڻͻȻоΣôɲǼͷ
꣡
ڻ߸ͳһѪڣ޼սֱӴ̴֮ϴڻʹͻȻľͷӲȻͷͳҶҧ
ಣ
ʱҶȾȻһưڴ˿ڣֱӰѴ߾Ѫͬһģչĺڻߣһͣ٣Ȼ޴ʼͱСʣһһƤ
㲻
ҶɭɭһЦͰһڻͳͳһɶֻʣƤ߹ǡ


660 ħͷ
ʱҶǸɭЦﻡߣǱǺڻ߻Ҫһ
֮ڵʵڴɵ֮ˮ׼ϾӶɽˮ׼ﶼ֪ŵӻ䡭
Ҷȴʱվɽۣããɽʱʱ˷ӶϿƽȴɱ
ɱһڻߣҶǿʮֶһҶȸоʣµͻʮס
ৣ
Ҷ֣ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬ԶһգѹѹһӰһηӣ
ಡ
δҶߣһӰΪߣɽ꣬󣬸ĸɽӡ
Ŷ
һҶ˵ϼ仰ʶҶȾͿҷӰ˲Ӷٶ֮죬ŮӣҶȵһЦԭʥɽһŮӡ
ҪһҪһӶˣ
Ҷ֣ʥɽʶԱһžòŮӣΪ⿴Ҷʵ
ΪʥɽȻҲǳһɣɸۺӵԶʷʵԶֶ֮ϣֶֶֻ۴£ɽӵһΪߣֶȻ޷ʥɽȡ
֣ʦܾܺһλѣҶУֵŵĵѾۼʦáʦöҵֿѣϣ㲻Ҫ⣡ҶȰ
Ҷ֣ҼȻͬӪôЩȻɽδţʥɽҲ
侲۾ƣʧúܵλ
ޱʦ㣬ֶҶҶʦܣ
λòŮӣɽϹƺ֮зԾ£ҶȼǰͣЪλŮǰҶ
Ŷ
ΪޱʥɽӣƺһֱУҶţ˫ͫ˸ϬĿ⣬Ҷϣһֱ˸ɻ󣬲Ǻܴ󷽳Ҷʩ񣺡Ҷʦܣ
ԭǰޱӣλʦ֣λɽʦãҶȵͷûΪޱ˿ɻ࿴ꡢܸ˴ʶ
ɽʣĸӣȴΪͣû˵ķݣȻɵӣǶҶȲİɽڴ䣬ҶͲҵ
ʶ֮վǢ٣
һоŴţۼɽ֮£ƺҲûȻһǺڻƤ͵һЩѪʵҶ֣ڻնɱİɣ
ţղҾڴ˴أ˭ڻߣһȡҶȵͷûһ¡
ǣ˶ڰȣڻһϹŶߣȻʵһ׵ҪɱҲףܱܿˣû뵽ҶȾôװնɱ
ҶȿˣλڽںδҲ֪ǲ֪Ҳֻ֪ȥѰңҲֻһѰңһ߼£
ã
ޱҲûзԣȫҶȵģҲ޻˵ΪҶʵȫ֮ϣֻиҶһŻаնȡɹ
һͬãã
λޱʦ㣬ɣõһλܵ㻯ʳڣʥɽʮУҲǳͣһִУͬΪԽã
ھ֮粻ϷУɽܿͽ磬ƺ֮ſռ䲢Ǻܾ޴󣬽磬ͼսµĺۼһЩʬǣѪⶼδȫá
þ˶겻ѣҶڰͨ԰ޱ˽⣬Ҷȵ⣬ֲѰޱԭǽݽá
Ҳܰ˴Ҷʶ
໡
ͻȻһоˣСڷʱǰһٻһƬҽɽһɽУһս
˻ٶȣǰǰޱȻʲôüһǡħǿʢħ
ͷޱܸӦǰЩԪɵħ塭ˣֵطӦԪ֮ڣ
Ԫ֮һԪ֮ǳ˶꣬ıÿһԪ֮ϱ
ҶȻó˼ǰޱҲõԪ֮ҶվɣͬǾȥħ壬ͬǾƹǰ
ã޳ɣ
Ҳ޳ɣ
ɽţӦ죬Ҳδԥ֣ʾӦޱһۣƺЩԥȻҶȣʮʵħĵط֣а𣿡

ҶȵЩ㵣û뵽ʵ˳㣬ⲻ״ҶοЦţּꡢҲҶȵͷҵ벶ȸں󡭡ľͲõģ
벶ȸں󡭡ѵɲǼ䣬Ҷ仰壬ʱһ𺳣ƺӲʶҶһ㡣
ޱŹϵǾȥɣ
ৣ
˾ɻ£򱻷ٻɽ˾ͷɽ
ֻɽ֮УȷһɽȣҲһκʣһɳգɽڣȻƯʮʵ˸Ԫ󣬴ֻȭͷСڹʵΧƷ߼޴ħ塣
Щħ徹Ȼʬʵ壬ûѪ⣬ֻйͷƴӶɣħԪɵʶаħ
һͷħͷСģǣҲҪͷԪֱȹ壬ϵͨϵֻͨˮϵͨɢһɢΪ꣬Сˣ
ޱʦ˵ĺǣۼ壬޷Ĩɱ֮ںϣԽԽ޴󣡡
СģΪһ飬ԸһħͷҶһ˶Ըһ𣡡Ҷȳ˵ͷһ˳ɽȡ
ʣ°ˣԴ䣬ǿ߾ѡһλߣϣչ󷨣ɽȡ
Ϲˣ·˺üϹ
ɢ꣬ǾԪ֮
˿̣ҶȡޱȾ˷ɽȣʼħͷ֣ɽΧ֮УӿʮˣЩֳһ죬һаɭɭͫͷħɽȡ
ֲõô󣬸ҶԿħͷԭֶʥɽӣʥɽߣħڲٵӣϣλֵܣǲҪȡԪ֮ҲҪʥɽŮץȥ
θڣ
Щˣħڡ
ûʲôãԪܸ֮ṩһֻо֮ţϧԪ֮
Ǿչ󷨣
Ҫʲô󷨣㿴Ÿˣʵôֻиǲ࣬˶Ƿ
ԸɣаõģԸȺСϺףô£
һЦøɭͬǻ·ħͷɱľˡ


661 ɽħ
䡭
ɽڣϵһըײ֮
ħͷ໥϶ɣ໥֮󣬾γ飬ħͷȫͬ
Уӵ꣬Щħͷֻɴɣκη涼޷ȡ
û뵽Щħͷ˵ã
һɽӣΪһ飬ʩչͨԿһħͷʩչ߶һ𣬹ħͷģյֱС
ɽֵӣֳһʩչһɱһӳǵħͷ֮ϣײҪ֪һƣѳԽһףǵ޷ħͷƻ
Ϊ꣬޷֮Уɽһˣ޷Կһ˿꣬һȥƻ塣
һޱҲԴһλɽӣڶϣħͷһЩۺʵ
ȻЩμӴµľûиãֱգӲȿȶƷƷ
ޱٻӰħͷ֮任˸һָһһħͷ壬жܵƣһλɽӣ죬ʩչӡһ˺Եķ籩˺ɱ
ħͷȻɱһŬħͷʵ½
һս
ʦ㣬СģǾ״̬ȥЩˣǱΧԱһսͷһȼջסħͷһɽʩչħͷһ͹
ڰУޱĶԻһȥ˱濴ħͷֵԷֳʤ
ܺãЩ˶ԻˣȿȺķ
룬ҶȶһˣһħͷɱͷŽ˿꽣סħͷÿͷǧιһƣ޷˳ħͷ
һУֻҶԻΧĺˡ
ҶһħͷһͷԪһɨչȥͿɽΧʮ÷ϢζؿڼѲɱħͷȡ֮еԪ֮
ЩħţøħȻݣȴպʮ֤ɽ糬һڣ
ҶȾй۲ʮһһħδйٽЩ˱ħ𣬾һȺСϺףҶ̰ѿһЩҶȲʶЩħԡ
Ҷ֣֪ˣôһ˵ɽħڲʮӣû뵽ɽħڣҶ֣ǿҪСģû뵽ײħ֮ʮ
Ҷһ󾪣̴ˣɽħħ֮жʵֶʷҪƾãħ֯˵ɽۣǸΪǿĳۣ
ʦ˵ķǳʥɽħʱн棬ɽħڣǰãǲйһѪսɽħħ֮Уռñܴû뵽ǻôħҪСģЩĺʵǳǿǾˣʮ˶֣
ޱüᣬض˵
Ҳ̫ģȻҶ֪ǴڣȻаնԿһɫڱ仯ɵ̰Ҷ˵Ϊľ˰ģȻҲ֪ҶǷа취ӦС
УֶСɽ
ɲǼ䣬ĿⰵƳҶȣȻҶĿеĹǡ
Ҳ̫ģǡһѹаħϹŹɽħȴҿƣҶʮ˵
ǺãڿѹħͷϹޱȻһݣڱһɿƷӡİΪӡǰħͷѹȥ
Ҳ׷׿֮ʣֶΣǷͨʼħͷֻħͷ飬ҲûΪ
Ⱥѵǭ¿ز

ৡ֮ЩˣһʮˣͻȻֳ˫ִһӡɭɭЦţһڵĶ˲͸ɽϿգҶȵ·
ɽħʮ֣һĻѪȴЦöնɱȻƳܣ
ʿΪ־ġ
ţʮɽħڸ֣ʩչӡΪһŷӡװɽѹ
ɽħĶǣҪһöһ򾡡
ѹѹɽڣֲָսѾޱꡢ׷װƷħͷסҶǰޱϿǺɫü粻ƶ޷ƿⶾ硣
ɱħͷҿԣͳͳɣ
Ʒħͷ㼯һʱҶͻȻһӣһɺסħͷ֨֨£ȻͰ⣬ʣһѹǺɢܣضǡ
⡭
Ҷ׾ֻѹ꣬ޱ޷һУֻûκα飬ΪҶȵӵжͨܡ
ֶΣʲô
ô̼꣬ͱ򳤴һݣϧ̫ˡ
ڼĿע£Ҷޱ飬ʧȥǣʮԪ֮һץʹƵĿռ䣬׷ЩͳͳҲҶ֮С
ʮ߿Ԫ֮ǾŸˣһһһһٲ
ûΪȫȡԪ֮ҶȾͰԪ֮պãռͷָһԼץסһʮŹӶˡ
⡭ɽǸĸӣû뵽ṫƽõԪ֮һ£֪ΪЩ˼
ţ֪Ҷʲôˣ˰Ԫ֮¡
ޱҲץŹӾͷڣʮ֮УȡԪ֮ҲڱС
ͻȻһݣãˣ
ǽһʩչͨΧԾѹƶȻɽħ֮ʱͷǿֶΣ䲻նɱ
ৣ
ۿҪɽȣҶ߳һˣ˫ֲϴӡĪ⣬һӡں̫һӿˡ
ȻҵϢ޷͸㡭㸲ÿʱ͸оһ㣬ͻ㣬ô޷͸
˶һоҪҶڶɱ֣˭ӹ
ˣǾϢαװɱƷЩʱɽħڸ־ͻǷɾ֮ʣɱʱ
Ҷֹ̼ͣʩվŲޱ˶жһ㣬ʼߣһΪ


662 ޶ħ
ɽڣХƹţ˿̣ħӿҶȡ
ʲôǰСӹҼңʮ֮һȲϣ޷䲻˵ȴʱ
ԭҶͷ̫չöֱӿ壬֮УŸΪ͵ħħħЩɽħڸ֣ͷħͷŶñҶա
ͳͳ̫һգΪһ֡
ͨˣһմȾڶħͻᱻͬʵۺ񣬾ͻᱻ׹䡣
ħͬΪ壬ӵͬԴ֮絭ˮ뺣ˮںֿԷ룬ħתΪħںˮںϵˮǺˮˮںϺˮͲǵˮ
΢ϵöħںʮףʿΪξаħԭڡ
ޱʥɽ֣ҲǼɵħ֡
ˬϧ̫ϡ٣ɽħڻ治򵥣ħں϶øӸӣһմϣ޷룬Ǹܴ֮УⶾøɸɾҪһ㲻ɾͻ谭
նҶҲ뱻ɽħʮ֣ߣʧ̫࣬Ȼע⵽Ҷģװȴ޷롣
Ž֮ţɽħʱ֪ٸ֣
̨ҶȲְչɵĸо
ɱһ¯ǧͳߡ
Լ֮󣬶£ڣκν䣬κʶմȾ˿¶һɣһ£ͻᱻġ

ڣǶ磬ȻһӣʮߴӰӣӿ콵˿ûз̫ģ춾˵ˣҲҪմȾ϶
Ԫ֮Ȼˣ
˻еֶΣȻѹħͷֶȡԪ֮ϧ֮ǰԪ֮
һɽħڸ֣Ԧ޷Զը죬ʮ˼һɫֻ꣬мˣΪˣȴǴɾ
˲мĿ£Ҷȡޱꡢˣͬľͷȫſ¶һվţû˿
ɽƶɣЩ˲һףδﵽܶԿľ磡
ǵȻֵǣЩ˶ȡԪ֮ǾȰƳܣѳԪ֮
һĿ꣬Ԫ֮˵û壬ҪԪ֮ɽۣܽҪǾܳΪλ״ӣ
úãʮˣǰΪȻ֪ǾֶȡԪ֮ϾʥɽšޱЩһŸ֣Ҳݺӣ
ԣһаи֣а֮ɽһľ֣ȫ̶ܽҲμδа̱ħֿǿߣҲ٣
ԶңǸ֣֮УҲֻ޶֣붷
ҿʼȡܣȡԪ֮ʱ䲻࣬ĿδУɼһٿԪ֮
мһ£˵ͷʱȴ֮УΨһһλȳһ
꣬ǰԵĺܣӡ
͡
ʮɽħڸ֣Ҫһ̣δʩչ״̬£ͬƵľˣͻأû֮УһǷͨ⡣
̫죬̫ͻȻ̫䲻⣬ʮֻ׼ͱߵĿֲһһննͷ­Ǻ䴩ţٵֱۣ
һʱ䣬ѪȾգ
ãȺԭǰϻ˲ţȻܶԿ
ƶ磬׷ӡǣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮţ˰ʣÿ죬ûбֹܵûд󰭣ǰͬ˷Ӧ죬Ͽ쳯ӷȥ
ޱ֣
ۿ˷һ̣ͻȻһٻӰʯ֮һϿգһޱƣذ͵һ
ɶʥɽľѧ֮һ
˱ųٻӰǰޱ
ޱӡȻ㣬ԩ·խû뵽㣡֮Уƺ඼ʶޱҧгݣ԰ޱһˣǶ֡
ಡ
˵ӰͻȻڰޱߣҶȡꡢȰˣһһ鶼ûУĶ塣
ΪǶ֣
ɽħһ֣ƣ֮Уһɭɭ꣬ͻȻƿ۶¶Ӣȴɫһա
޶ħޱ˲䣬ݳ֣ʧɫĺ
֡޶ħ˫ֲڳڣΪľعһ˿Цû뵽֪ҵˣ٣
ɫ˪ɵѣ˭֪㣬ɽħðľţħ֮Уָķ֣ţħ֮Уһλܵͽܣ벻֪ѣ
ħ۸ӣκǿ߶ȥѡӣ
СҲ֪ңǣ治֪øˣǸñ
޶ħеԵ˵һ˿Ⱥ˵ֶΣСӣ㲻УĪǰޱΪʦõ
û뵽ֶǾŵ޶ħУֻһСûа
㡭Ҫˡ
֣
Ҷһ߳סʵ޷ܵܿ侲ȷʵ޶ħɽŶ֣㣬ˣЩˣʲ벻϶û취
ޱĵô޶ħȻǾˣҪԸˣѵаգȫʤ
ޱӣвңѵǣҶ޷ѹ
޶ħͻȻʼ֮̾Уȴһ˿Ц⣺Цһֱ԰ޱĽѾãδλӣλ⣬ңɽħڣʥɽһȣңǽǾǿߵŮˣ
ħͷݵÿڳû뵽һţȻ˵˲ҪĻ
ٿ
޷ܵİޱͻȻɳֱӳ޶ħһ⣬ޱȡ
ž
޶ħԭһƺδôģͶŰֱһץѰơ
ޱʵʥɽеţϧ޶ħɽ磬޵ǿߣǰ㻹Ҫ꣡
׹ưޱǷİ޶ħվգһһ㣬¡
ǿ޶ħû뵽һ֣Ϊδˣǿס
ɽĴšĿڴޱʵǣҲ˵ƽɫôͻȻһͱ޶ħ׸⣬ɵֻһѰޱƺҪȥ
ÿˣĶӲˡ


663 ǿ֮ս1
޶䡭
ɽħʣ۸֣޶ħһ֮ѰޱѹƣƺҶȡЩСǾ͸ֵһᡣ
ݵ񣡡
ٿ
ޱŭѶЩħ̸֣¶а⣬һץһٴᣬһΣƻֺ꣬ƶףǽݺÿռ䶼ʼγˮ˲ơ
޶ħüͷһᣬ˫ִӺ֮ж˦ֻ֣ǺںɫŷմϾ綾ŶҪŭˣȻҪҽ֣Ǿͷ㵽ףҲãĳ㣡
ͽ
ޱͻȻӰ˸ͬƺڣһȻ׷ǷȻ˾˽󱬷
ʦСģվҶߣͫǵġ
Űޱùɽһλܵ㻯޵һֶؽȻͬһ㣬޶ħǰǲҾ㳹ģ
ۿޱӶ֮ʣ޶ħһǿߣռȻһ̤룬ֱӻӶұָۣһչһɹɺɫΧת
ƣ
ޱӺε޶ħռȻᣬаȻ̳ͬ׺գֱա
񡭡
ײ붾Ʋϲ£˭Ҳûռƣɼ˴˿̲ʩչ¡
һ𣬿Ҷȣ޶ħȻֶҪһ򾡣û뵽޶ħȴ֮лҪ죡
ޱҲѵõĸ֣δʩչȫ졭Ҷһֱ侲δ֣δ˵ڹ۲˫һһ

޶ħΪ⣬û뵽ޱֲ£ͻȻЦͬħޱӣ˶Ϊ޶ħӣ֪ΪΣʶʶҵʵ
ꡭ
ͻȻ֮䣬޶ħͻȻһɶָݺһץǰȻʴͬƵģΪɫʣϳޱа죬ƺҪѱҲҪ
Ȼ
ޱͻȻһӣָڰһָŽͻȻ͵رըޱӹϳ޶ħƿطΧͷðŶ飬ȻֻǶݽ֣ÿһζ
Բע⣬ͻᱻԷѹ
ڰޱµİ׷޶ħ¶£ȫΪʣ֮һһƬ
Ӿǲ򵥣Խ㣬Խõ㣬ͬ³
ͻȻ޶ħŶޱӺݺɱҶȵ˷νֱӣָһޱӺݺץ
ߣҪȡͷ­
ޱͻȻüͷһݣһҲţ£һɱϢа֮ͷųƺֶͨûʩչ
񣡡
ۿޱӾҪøӿֶΣҪֵɱ޶ħһӰͻȻӰޱֱֶӱǰһȭɱ޶ħպݺײ
Ŷ
޶ħͻȻֵˣһȭײʹмһ˵޶ħڰǰȻֹһһ̾
Ҷ֣
ޱҲһ𺳣ȻϢ֮޶ħ潻֣Ҳ·磬ۺſ֣ǰӰߴ󣬾񸸱һΰ
ˣҶȣ
ҶȻͷޱӣĮϣȻޱӵ˵ӣ޳֮ͽ㶨
޳֮ͽ
޶ħڨڨҶȣż֣Ҫ·ɱĳҧǸʲô
ãҪģ޶ħһں˶ν޶һǶȫǸˣޱҲ֪ΪΣʮҶ䣬һߡ
޶ħޱȥǱǶ಻ᣬܣǺݺݵҶȣСӣҺ£ǲˣֶʲôʱţʵǲ
޶ħȫ̶ܽʶҶȲδ޶ħŭǻϻתƵϡ
ݣ
޶ħһͻȻҺʶǰ򵥣СŴƻҵķ̳Ҳʶ
Ҷȱ˫֣ҡͷʶһ棬붷ݶͬ߶ȵţðɣҾһսԭҪһսݵģ
㣿ݽ֣Сӣ붷ʵ£ֺüΣܾˣ㾹ԲѣҪ붷ݽ֣ãҼٷŴ󻰵ټ֣ҰѶó˵£
޶ħҪŭˡ
ʲôҶȸղһҲԼͬ߶֮ϣ޶ħɱԭ
Ҷ̤ɽ磬һֱ̣Ӿ֮ţҪ̤棬ָ񷣬δе漣㣬޶ħҶɽ磬һ֣㣬ӦֵңͻȻ֮䣬ҶȷЦȫԽɵƣȻֱӿɣٿ
޶ħɽħڸ֣ƣ׷ײ˼͵ҡͷʲôɾŽף
ɾŽôôʵΪ޶ħǸֵ֣ȫ㽻֣
ɲǼ䣬ҶȲмĿ⣬һǹʥǹҶõͨɽ
Ҷȣ㻹ǸǺãҾ͵ǶҪնɱն֮·޶ħ˫һһɹɶȻֱ͸ռ䡣
ٿ
ҶֳֹʥǹȻ֣Ϊ޶ħֻ̫ռȻɱöԷֲ
Ҷɽ磬Ƕ۾޷ĸ⣬Եĵһӵͬˮƽǿߡ
Ӱħ֣
޶ħû뵽Ҷ˹ϣٶ֮죬Ӽɵǹʥǹɱ֮ʣͻȻһʼŹʥǹȻһӰ⣬Ҷ޷Ŀ꣬ⴭϢһֻͻȻйʥǹǰΡ
񡫣
ʥǹձúݺһǰǹҶ֣޶ħԵͬӰҶͻأӭһֲֻץ
ø޶ħȻٶȡﵽĽס׵زɽ磬Ϊλţ
Ҷȸ޷ͻȻɱĶ֣ڶץǰͻΪӰӶ֮ʧ
ȻǸ֣
̶̼У޶ħϳҶȸղһǿտһӵʵͬȸ֣޶ħ𾪣Цɽһе޵ţȻһ
β𾪣
ɽ嫴֮Уӿһݣ޶ħǴ˷˶ЩϣҪǿҶӿֳֻ˵ɽ֮󣬱زӡ
Ǻ㣬еһӶСе㣬ȴԾţһո޴Ĵ֮С
ǿǿֲҶʦ֣֮ǰǰۣԭʵ
ɽӣվԱߣֽ֣ÿˣֱ΢Сĸо
ȷǶˣ
Ҳе㲻ۼд֪ҶоֶΣǣû뵽Ҷȴʵǿ޶ħսЦ񷣬ԶԶ֮ǰһҶ֪


664 ǿ֮ս2
û뵽ż꣬ʹӵ̤ɾɶ޷Կȴݺƣ
֮УҶ֪ף˽͸˶һͷˮҶ̫أ񱩷ʼǸؤôһӶô󳮣Ϊһ
һΪ𾪵ˡ
Ӯ̤ɽ磬ʱֻһͼͣħʩչĽǷڣҶʱУҶҲһߣһõǱʵˡ
ΪлҶȰΪ˲棬ʱû뵽ҶȻɳǰֿ¸߶ȡ
ȫԽ
Žѣʲô
ԺŶ֣ʱ˿ȫ߸
Сӣǲӣ
ڵĽɽȣǣѹѹӰ޶ħӰҶȴ칥¶ߣħϣ˸һ⣬ϻӳ֡
ٶѸͣľ
¡
ֲ֣ȻʲôʶԶ޶ħĪ֮£ݺ׷ϻҰ⣬ص֮ϡ

ҶȾǿڵⱻΪӲʣҶȾʹβ˱޶ħ֮С
ৡৣ
һ֣䲻شķӿմֳ޶ħʮָݺݵسҶѹץ
޶ħø޶ħΪǴɾŽףȶݻҪһ֣ʵȴ˵ãڶ֮£ֵĵãţǱǮʵȷǸѲ֣
ʵҶ޶ħ£׷飬Ҷ㼰ʱ϶ܵشߣҶҲоವģ޶ħ־ڲ׽Ҷλá
ּ֣־ɨ޴Ρ
޶ħͨѵӮң
Ҷȸ޴ɶ㣬ɽħڸʩչ֮УֻһսĶ֣Ҷȶʱ̤̳ʥǹͬݺݵһֻֻץ濹⡣

ʥǹ޼᲻ݣǻһֻֻ֣ȴûжԶκƻ෴ҲδѹƹʥǹҶȾͬսְֻΧǹһɨѶ𿪣һǹǹ̳硣
Ϣܹ죬ȻܶӰ죿ĪǣղʩչͨαװܶԿĸ֣ǰޱӣСӣ
޶ħ֮У벻ͣѰԽԽûа취Ϊһ԰ĶȻҶ˿ûӰ죬һתͻȻҶȲѶԿĸ֡
ԭŻȻΪҶȻжԿʵԭԶơ
û뵽⣬СӲɱҴУ붷ƣѵҲܶԿаɶ񣬱ɱ
˸֮䣬޶ħüңŨɱĿʮֻֽսҶȣȻҪøӿֶΡ
ȻˣҾͲţܶԿܶԿаѵѹħ㳢ɽħɽֶΣ֣
һ˼⣬ӲͬǶȷҶ޶ħȻʧһɹɶ羹Ȼӿֳһȼĺɫ
ħ
붾ֿҶȣͻȻоϢھ䣬ͷһɨɫø޶ħ˾Ȼʩչһ׾׵ħѧȻǺεȾѧκʣ
Ķڣʱһȼն
ʦСģɽħɽһħɽ֣ɽۣ׾նɱɵ۸֣
ھ֮ʱһȪӺڰܴҶȶУʥɽޱӵ

ˣնɱɵۣҶȲ룬ɽ֣ܿǰ˼ʮּԪһɨȻǶڣ˿̣ռ鶼ħ
Щħǳ嫣̫߼ȫɽ֮ϣʹţ޶ħʵ뺷سԽɽ硣
ħȼգǺһƬƬħ·ҪγһħɽƣɽӰ׳١
Щֻδ飬⺧ħ޶ħȻǸ֣ս鲻֪жôḻҪǿֶΣڶʱѹң
ʮ˽׿ܣ
Ϊ˶Կ޶ħҶٴδ߶һͨǽײʮ˵ɫӰҶΧ塣
ɽ죡
ռͻȻҶٻʮ˽׿ܣͼǰкڰȻȻһɺħĺɫɽôֱײɶκ޷赲
⡭
˶ĵžɽ٣ޱӡꡢƺСޱȣǰֶΣһססͷųĽ֮ǿͨ
ɽĸţöͷƤ飬ΪҪԺɫɽײ÷顣
úã޶ħеʵȻûʧ
ħ쳡£ҶȾȻЦһץһץ׹˳ƴ˻ƣֻһǧ׹ƣ͵˸š
ʮ˽׿赲ΧЩ֣Ҷײĺɫɽ˫Ѹ͵ȥ

͡
ɲǼ䣬ʧɫײһƾֱӳ𣬰Ѷķѣһ
ҶվգԸ֮ס˫ƣͷŶĿ׹ӡ͵صصֿɫɽԷǺɫɽϵײƶҶȺˣɫɽ׹֮£Ȼܱ׹Ƭ
ͼ޶ħȫħϣͬˣޱߣһƶɫɽҪҶȵӣײøϡá
ȫʵͨĶԿ
ƣ
ҶһĴ׹⣬һע޴İ˻֮Уͼ׹ӡͬһѺɫɽ÷飬ʧȥ˺ɫɽƶơ
񡫣
޶ħҶͬʱú˰ף˭ûռƣ޶ħʱ˷ƵĶҶȣݣȻǺεݺɽ޵ˣû뵽ȴø﷭
ȻǿǿףͻɾŽףսò¡Ҷֻоһգոʩչİ˻ƣ󱬷ȫ
ֻһտǣս㾳أ޶ħƽɫ
ֶ졭Ҷȣ޶ħϼһţͬ߶Ҷȣ޲ϳ֡
޶ħΣһбҪսȥʩչɽħڵɽ֣޷ѹңҲ֪ӦûֶΣǣֶΣѵҾûɱﵣøܾˣ´ս
ҶͻȻ·ЦݣдЦǴˣѵ˼
úúãҼסˣСӣͷŹһΪҲ֪һգǱҪһ·սҶȡҼסˣ
޶ħȻȲģҶ˵÷ǳ˭Ҳռ˵սУƴȥܾˣһ֣ʹ۸֣غط֮Ÿȥˡ


665 
ˣ
Ҷȵһɽħ޶ħߣѹŵľʯ˲¡
ಡ
ꡢޱӵһʱҶߣֵҶ״̬ҶȻȻһǸصģ˶￴ǹ㾫
ҶȲǹţ
һ֮Ҷ̿ңҪָһ뿪ɽȣΧΪһ
ã
˶û飬ԳһȥɳɽȣһɽķΪҶȻ
һ춷ҶѾʣΪĿеĹǡ
˾ɽħŵʬ壬ǡҵͣȥɽֻʣҶһˣҶȿ󷽣˾ߺʬڵϣ֮ǰǳ䲻նɱİ˴š
ҶһЦѴͣϲģ̲һչһ֣ͰѰ˾ʬԼͬʱС

̫¯ȼ֮չҶУһͷųѰ˾ʬǰ߶֮䣬龻־Ϳʼ֣΢΢ת˾ʬ塣
޶ħֶθҸо󣬻иӿֶʩչ
߶̫¯ȼգɽ֮ʱҶԺȻ˸ղǷĶս޶ħʵȼȫԽɽ磬֣оΪûͻսʤԡ
ղھ֮ţɽ֮УҶҪ޶ħս󣬱˴ʩչɱﵣܸݡ
޶ħּǿߣɱﵱǾ춯أҶҲǿߣݣܾǿ϶ģһȥ룬ҶȲɾŽף޽ռ䣬һ̤ɾҶٶ޶ħɶˡ
治СˣξɱԻ˵ޱӣҲиַûʩչ˵սʤ޶ħⱾˣͷҲնɱ޶ħҲҪøˡ
һ˼ҶÿһߵĺܽʵԿĽףȴû˶Σ޶ħǿߣ³úܲңһ޶ħ죬иȫ̶ܽݣǸǿ
޶ħ붷ʵڲ֮䣬˭Ҳ˵ϻǿ٣֮䣬Ǿⳡ񶷣´ζ϶ݣҶҲеס
˾һ׸һָӦò⡭
Ҷһֻ龻ڲ˾ʬ壬ܿʣһѹͷһɨ׷׻Ϊ촷ۣ˿ӽںһš
룡
ӣһ̣ںϰһʱҶڣͿʼˮ̺𵤡Ѫȵͳͳ龻ΪΪ
ȫգںϡ
Ҷÿ䣬ݽߵĵо磬׷ͣϯڱڱڡ
Ȼûдﵽ۷履״̬Ҳָ߰˰ˣд䣬ҵģ
촷֮УҶȻһץöָ޽֮УնɱȫܽʮõЩȥõвƸýչʥ
Ҫɽ緢չһɣҪĲƸһǰ㣬Ҫ޾Ƹۻһɡ
ҶҰҪʥɿִͥڵĴʲôѩڻ£Ҫʥչɽÿ䣬޴ڡ
ôȥ˷ʱ䣬ҪȥѰҽ꣬ǶȡԪ֮½ֵǣ
ںӣҶȻָ״̬վһͳͳ壬̷ա
ˣڿԼѰԪ֮ǽ꣬ʱ䣬ڲŹ˸£ʱ䲻Ҳ㹻
ޱӡꡢȾˣ͸ӦҶ׷ҶȻ档
Ҷ֮ʱÿ˶淢֣Ҷʧһ¾ˣŶ̶죬Ƕһ룬Ҷӵ޶ħʵͨҲСһˡ
˾ͼȥ
һ·˼Ÿ֣Ԫ֮Ǳ壬Ǳаħ׷ɱᱦ
ʲôԼ
ֹȥ죬ѷкܳʱ䣬ɸ֣ԽԽ࣬Ȼ޾棬սµĺۼ
ʲô
ӹգȻ˾ͽһƬɳѻķ磬ѹѹʣɳĮƵģϯء
֮ϣ˿ĵһĻ
֮УɳȻһµķ籩£ϵת춼У֮Уķʬʣڿռ籩תʬ廹еı籩˺ѡ
ɫ˲䣺Ӧþǿռ籩Сģֻ֪Ƕһĥǿǿռ籩Ŷ֮УڲԪ֮棬ڿ˺κʵĿռ籩£Ԫ֮γɣţ
öԪ֮Ưڿռ籩еһſԪ֮ȥȡǿռ籩̫¡
СĿռ籩ܽСķ籩ǾͿԳԶȡԪ֮Ҷһ֣˼ǰš
Ҿ˴ԶСӴ籩Աߴȥ

ͻȻֹͣΪǰţһִݷʽڶȡһС籩ڵԪ֮籩ԽԽ޴󣬶Ȼӿ죬Ҫ漸˾С
ֽ
ֹͣȻɨЩˣӴϿʲô侲˵Ӧǡɽһͨɣţ
ţҶͬʱһΪҶһɽ磬ĿǴţȽɽ
ţҶ궼ʾ⡣
ڴ˵ȺƬ̣
ҶͻȻǰԭصȴǶûֹһҶʵڶҶǵĹǡ
˿꽣
ۿ漸˾Ҫ籩֮У޷æһӰͻȻֳһץһɹɽɫסˣһץ˴ӿҪĿռ籩֮ǰ
գ
ÿӣŵһ亹Ȼ׷׷գҶǰɻ󲻽Ҷȣŷδйһ˿䡣
λѣʵֶҶȣ½磬õǿ
ΪһɻɵĴŵӣףҶҲѿ࣬һӣһ֮⣬ָ˸޽գ۳ǰָϣҲǴͬĽָ
ȻǴ޽䣬ﰡеӣɻתΪ˷뼤ڴΣ磬Ϥ֮ǵȻˡ
лҶʦֳȣ
л
Ҳɣ׷Ҷǰȭл
ҲԵ̤ɽ磬ɽ磬ȥţȴײֶ죬λڴ˱룬Ҫȡֶȡ֮ǣ
Ҷȱȭ˵꣬תһʧڴŵҰ֮С
ҶҶʦ֣Ϊ̫
ֶ쳬ţֻû뵽ǰҪǴţҪš
ŵһʱ䣬Ҷȸղų龰ɢȥ


666 
Ҷ֣нʣ
ɳֵ磬ҶһоˣСһƬƬ籩ʱЩʬ壬ڷҶҡҷţ͸뱯
һնܷ籩һʳղŲԺʡ
ҶȿҲţҶȿЦСܴӷѰţڷ磬õŽţ֪޷Ԥϣƻϲϱ仯ѣռֶ죡
⣬Ҷֲֶ죬ԵЦеҶȼ
ҶЦ޳ģѲ⡣
̬ķ籩ҲԽԽ޴󣬶Ҵϵ
ߣߣ߳ˣҪȥðϹŷԪ֮
ӣ
ƺǷ籩磬Ŀռ籩γɷۣӷչ޸޶ʱʧʱһȺȺǱˣȴһƬҡ춼ʵķ籩ɳ

ӵʵķ籩磬˾ͼʬ塢ǻˣвԪ֮ʱʱֳ˶ˣôԪ֮Ϊߵģͻͻ
ߣ
˿̣ޱϺȻ˸ܵƱ仯׷׿ƺ֪飬ޱӽ͵ϹһرļԪʱڣǸʱɽ磬һƬޣ֮ڣʺУǸʱνĩʱȴһ壬ȴʺ޻Ǻߣǲ˼飬ֻڹżϵ壬Ȼھ֮ţ
ͷ԰ޱӼʶ۷ԭ˴ͷ֮ҲϹҲϹŴܣþ֮ţѹ˺ߣ룬ţͷˣҲϹǿߣô˼飬˵֮κϹ֮ﶼʱ֣
ҿ߱ضĳЩ棬Կռ籩ղһˣȥץסͻȡԪ֮ҲԿҲ˵ˡ
ǺãȻᣬѵôҿкܶ˶Ϲȥ𣿲Ԫ֮вϹűߣ
ҶȾ˵ңΪȥһô˶ȥץᣬǾʵȻһᱦ
˶ˣһͬ籩˶֪Ҷʵŷ˶裬ˡ
͡䣡
ֻŤķ籩֮Уһ޴ɫ롢ֻͫӣûĹˣڷ籩֮Уһ߾ʬ壬һԪ֮Աߣдڷ籩ΪʩչͨץȥԪ֮ǣһ˦֣ͷſռ籩һƬ˶ˡ
ֱһܶԿշ籩һ˦֣ͰһƬһŴ仨ˮ
Сģ
ʮ˱ɣЩסЩһ޴籩ҪУ϶ֻ·һڣһֻ֣ͻȻӷ籩ɨѼ˴
֮ˣҶȣҲ׷׸Ϲ
лֶʦֳȣм
˲Ŵ֮лҶǱȭʩ񣬶ҶֶۣЩ˶һŵӣҶͶء
ȻǺߣ봫һģһڽ֮Уһ޷ȫΪ࣬⸱ģҲ˲Աߣ籩ǿֲޱһƳ̾һ䡣
̾һϹȻѿ˺ķ籩ѹǷ籩嶼޷һ˿˿ڣ
۾գЩʷ籩֮УһӣкöԪ֮ЩŵӣϹµı
Ȼһָ籩Ͽգо籩֮УѹѹƵģʣʯʬ壬ȫһŷ籩תڷ籩»Ϊ촷ۡ
Щʣһᱻ籩׻Ϊڸ룬һԪ֮ҲתţץȡЩԪ֮籩֮⣬ˣøͨȡԪ֮Ǳ
ôʬ壬ʮߡϧ𵤡ռ籩ʴֻʣһƤңҪǰôʬ嶼ռǿһſ߽ףɵۼ򣿡
ʬ壬Ҷǿ̫֮ڣʬ壬ܲ϶ǲʬ塣
ҲҪֵ̫˭пռܷҾԴ߶ͬŬȡԪ֮
ҶɨˣȻǻлΪ֪һƺ«ʮĿռ䷨ҪǴ߶ؿԶȡٱ
ҪǷóȻҲǿһΣʱ̣ʲô˼
ȻҶ˵֮ʱĿ£һץƺ«ֳ
ޱӼ«̷һ㵡
ǻ
ǰһ⾪ϲشƺ«̾ϹһΪһ֮ϣ«ÿһ«ǵռ䷨õԭϣû뵽ִ˵֮ȻĴڣ
ȷټʮ٣ͲˣҶҲԾȻӵпռ䷨
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͰѣ
˾֮̾УΪ⣺ʵ棬ɽһݵϹŴż֮Уһõ«ƳɻС«廹һ«
ޱӽ߬ŷȭ̫ˣڿռ֮УԿռ籩ûѶȣҾȫ߶ȡ
ৡ
ÿʼעһ߶ʼһɿƣͷųžһ⣬৵ռ籩
Ȼ˺κʵĿռ籩ȴ޷˺ͬռӻĿռţһ籩գͬϹŹޣʼһһԪ֮
찡ǡ
ϧֶ컹ʥɽ֣ǰޱӰʥɽܳӣһǱ⣬ֶʥɽЩˣȥԸģ
籩Ȧķ˶ͻȻðĿռ䳤𺳵˫ۣĽʺ޵ؿŻ
ı
Щţһֶʥɽһ֣ṵ̂
ջʮԪ֮ϰټֱջò㵸
໡
֮ʣǺߣͻȻֹͣץȥԪ֮ɭɭضˣƺŭ˵Ԫ֮ҵģҵĵ̣ӵıȺϣǡ
ץ󹦷򣬶ȡԪ֮ܶȡͶȡֻֿ߲ܵУ
ۿ߷ɱΧЩ˶ȥˣҶȴ籩ǰһҪ޶ħǿʮĺߣ֣
һһ룡


667 ɱ
ٰһƬԪ֮ȡǾߣ
ֲ̫ܶԿҶʦһ˶ðգޱӼҶͬվǰ赲籩ߣֱ޷ԺĨȥޱӢŵıӰ
ڷ籩߿գҪһƬ籩֮УԼжʮԪ֮һȡһƸ
ÿ˶Σ֮Уţ
໣
Ŵ󲽣ȵڷ籩֮У籩͵âиߣǣƤӲó󣬸оϬţֲִƤ˺ķ籩˵һⶼûС
ɭɭҶȵˣǴƤӵ£Ԫ֮ĻӵǰҶȣ
䡭
߶Ҷһ˦۰һɹɷ籩תΪ״ҶбѸת
ôһɷ籩԰˺ķѣ
ݺᣡ
ҶٴУһץָ֮䣬ͷŶĿ׹⽣޼սתĽǷ籩ֱһ㡣
ٿ
׹⽣ѸʹҶָ糤գٲһкǧϯķ籩֮ײһ

ײ߹ޣ˲䱬׹⽣ռ籩ɣ籩׹⽣ɢ໥ɱ֮䣬ͬʱʧ˭Ҳûռƣ󱻿ռ籩ߡ
أ
ߣƺû뵽˸սŭȼһҶȣͫɭɭŭȻŭҶȺ֮ǣһӿУ˸һ޵ĹⲨ
ڴ˿̣ͻȻһӡ£һ󼸸Ԫ֮̿ҶȣкˣҶ֣
ߣ
Ҷð亹ǺҪ϶޷Կʱʱһתһȥ
໣
û뵽Ⱥ࣬ôͿˣǸŭڣһȭߣϧٶ̫̫أڿռ籩֮УҪ׷ɱҶȾˣôܣֻܻðԭŭ

գ֮䣬˾֮ңһƬСͷ籩֮У߻ڿҶЦúϲ£졣
һõʮԪ֮ϸֱջķᰡҲǾϲĿˡ
νǴһʤ̣
ꡭ
ͻȻھ˸ոͣ²մϼ֮ʱһɹɴƿռƷ֮ͻأɱ
ã
Ҷüͷһݣû뵽Ȼ˰ƺһֱβ棬׼ᣬҪδ֮£ɱ֣
Ҳ׷׷Ӧ
䡭
ҺҶѣޱӡꡢǿֶΣٶȣͷŷֹյظ
͡
ǣҶ˶ǳԽһŵĸ֣ʮеĳ֣ܼʱɽĸӣ޷ʱӦĵӰɱ⣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹţһУࡣ
λʦ֣˫۱죬εؿĸͬŵӣôͻȻװ׵ǰûС
ಡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ɽĸӣôͻȻɱ֮£ʮӰͻȻӷ籩ݺķ֮Уֳ
һ£Ϣƣͬˣÿ϶ǲ԰׵ģѪɫʬûв
Ҷüͷһɱڣ
ɱʮˣһˣһɨޱЦֶӣʥɽӣһɽӣʮˣˣһ
ɱڣɱͬţҪᣡᣬŭ塢ҧгݵضʮ֡
ޱӣû뵽㣬նʮλֵܣûƣǴֻҪԪ֮ǸղŶȡıóɣǱ㾮ˮˮΣɱλˣꡢҶȡֻ޵İޱӡ
ޱӹȻǳһţʲô˶ʶ
ɱǵˣեȡǵıӣɱڣɱôģͲˣޱӱЩɵǺȻƳһҶȣͱǿӲˡ
Է˶ڣɱڣκǿߣţѡâ
ɱһˣޱ֮ⷬʱҶȺȻŭɭɭʵ꣬Ҫô
ͳͳҪֻ˵֡
˺˲мһЦɽſɵСɣɱڶԿδɱھֱɱɽ
ͣ
˺˴Ц֮ʱͻȻҶһɱ֣ҶȶҪȥˣǷֻδڣҶȾ͹ֺ֣ݺݵץ˺ţݺץС
ಣ
ʣʮˣϵһߣ𾪵ؿҶȣһɫˣţڲ
ΪһбϢɱ֮Уǿĸ֣ʵѾԽףﵽĽףʣĽ׶֣ȻͲҶȶ֡
㡭㡭㣡
û࣬ˣȻԹҶȣֿԼҶУ
ûˣɱҵѣ칬ִ߶У˵һССɱڣҵģ
Ҷָͱ⣬Ϊ˻ҽҶһ֣ץסͷ­
ৡ
УʱоͷƤ飬ëֱɱ˵ģûôեȡ˵ɱҶȾȻֱӰѻδɱӣͰͳͳġ
ˣɻɸʬʬΪҽҶһץҽˡ
ǿᣬ£ֱɱڣޱӡľǺεεʵܰһ˸˲
췢ٷɱڸ߲㣬ԶסңֶӣҶȣĳһ죬һɱɱڣʮˣǲſһ죡Ƥգ£Ҷɱ֮󣬸ֶתһĿɿڴͬľͷ˵ɱӡ
ɱЩɱӣɱѪոߣ֪ûл·Ҷǿߣֻ·һһ˷һٷע֮УȻȻ㡭úãҶȣɽδᱻɱ׷ɱ͵ȫʬɣ
ǺǣҶʲô£ûж֣ϧǶΪҵ򣡡
ҶͻȻһͲˣɱʮĸ֣ȻѡߣϧֻжԿ׵ʵôҶȶ֡
ٶȡͨҶȶ֮ϣԽʮֹ
ǺֻһֵĿռ֮ͻȻӳʮĸɱӣ˲УȻ͵һƬŤ
ɱúãɱúãɱɽǽ壬޶Ҷʦɱĺãޱû뵽ͷʹɱɱӣô򵥣ҶգۼȫƷá
ˣһμ֤Ҷȳ쳬ʵҡҡͷ̾Ϣǻˡ
Ȼ֮Уޱˣ˽Ҷȵϸֻ֪ҶǺεӢţ칬ɱȥˣҪɱɱڣ˭赲Ĳ


668 ʥɽʷ
һƬɽĸ˾ô䣬֮ڹȻɱκΣնп벻ʱ̱
˴㲻䣬꼻һ֡
ܡܣʲôΪ޷ƣ
ڣʮɱɱӣɲǼŤֻţ֮Уһǿͨ
䣡
ִɱݻռɱ֮⣬̣ͬ̽ȵУϹ򣬵ǿ磬˿ɱЩɱӣһȺףȫû𵴡
ʩչɱ֮󣬺һ·
һеЩɱɱӣҲǰײ˻ɱղűͻҶȣûţһ侲׼ó´ɱ
ʮ֣ӵжԿסʵʩչôܶԿĽ
Ϊһᡭ
ȻҶȿɲʧݣ﷭СˣЩ֮УһĸӵֶΣҶȾҪ˷Ѹྫɱ֮ʣͻȻӿֳŵһɱӺϡ
龻֣
Ҷ˫ִӡŷҶ֮УʮɱӼӿٶȣɱ֣һȦɫ֣Ȼ֣֣ǿ״̬˺ݺѹס
ʲô⣿Ȼ־
ҵʧΪʲôҲ
ÿɱӶ־ڷʧӺ֮Уϵı
ԡߣ
գŻ龻ּתıм־ɱӣҫۣףҶȾȻǴ˵еߡ
ע룬ֻӲϢɣ龻ֻᳬǣ
龻ԾܣĨɱɱҶҲ߶ʧڣҶȾͳڷա
̫ˣĹ֣
ɱúã
ޱӡһʱҶߣһߣҶһԱߣ÷ӡĸɽʬӡ봢䡣
߾淨ʤ̭ûʵûͻᱻȵ޷޷ȷ
ȻҶȵУδɽĸӵѣǣͬһʱ䣬˿ʼĬһ󣬲ż뿪ȻҸȫ֮ѵõԪ֮ƽһա
˼֮ȥɱڻұ˴֮䶼˵պܳƣһ·УϱͶȡͣͣȥ˰꣬ÿ˶ȡӽʮöԪ֮Ӳٱ
ѾǴգ
ʱʧ˷ɳ磬ȻһƬȻ磬ĿȥɽΰΣأ׳ۣ˷ֲ֣ﶼϹ֮ֻڹż֮ϲܿʣڴ֮бȱȽǡ
ڹգ˼žһðգɱ¾ᱦҲƬٳʱշȥ
ҶȲδѡϢӹһɽ˺ҲţƯգɽ羰ࡣ
֨֨
Ȼ֮䣬ں嫵OO@@΢ǳ΢Ϊһͣ²ɫء
üҿһ٣ƺȺڳϯ
ҿˣ
˵֮䣬ޱӻһָ˾Ϳһɾ޴ޱߵĽɫɳĮ籩Ŀ¹һлŵʣ׷ϯ֮󣬾ͳΪ˷棬ֱոߡ
Ƭǧˣպ÷ƬգĽɫɳĮʼǣд˲УɫɳĮȻʬ嶼ɵӰ١
ǣ
ԽԽ嫵ĽɫƶɳĮͻȻɵȵãϹŴеĽ޳ǽɫɳĮӴ壬Ľޣɵģɽ磬ǾǶĴڣ
ŷҲϳɫӴʣɫصĵͷǽޣãķǴǰɨ޴ӣҪô˻ȥҪô޿⣬ֻҪȥǾܽ
ޣ
˽˵ҶȵҲޱ£ǺϼͿԻһ򣬽ݷޱȣκʶҧ飬Խɽα޳ɽ죬ٷ޳ֺ֮
Ҷ֮󣬼ʶ޳޳޳ͲʲôˣЩ޷ŷɱ˶ڤڤ֮һơ
ҶȲµóӦţͷ˵һַҲ˵޳޷ܡ
ǺڻߣħͷǺߣǽ޳ɱȻѹأ
ҶһϾ˻޳ﶼʧοˣˣ̫޷ֻܷҪһǿķ壬ֵϳһȥǾܴﵽ
ãʥɽһŷѧΪ񡯣ϴʵӦû⣡Ȼ뵽ʲô
˷ܵͷ񣿵ȷʥɽΪصһɽԶźԨϵɽ磡
ãʦãӡ
ޱ̷ɳվҶȡǰʼӡһӷӡϴиַ̺
һˣһĽɫ񣬶ңɫȻú⨺
ҶȡͻأĹ޷֣޷֮ⷨϣоϣͬܣ޷¡
ޱӴϾ⣬͵λʵʥɽ棬һֻ⨺Ϲɽ磬ӵԴľڣȻǿߣҲϹɽ磬ǿĴ֮һʦҲɽΪ棡
ʦҶȡʥɽɽĹϳһԴԶɽ磬Ǵʥɽ棬ʦǺŲĴ˵ڣһš
ֶ죬ʥɽ̫ب
ʥɽ棬Ȼһͷ⨺ǿߡ壿ˣ治Ҳ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶԺһ䣬Ǿ½磬ȥ磬ǿˣ档
壬磬ҶʧޣϹ꣬Ǹһͷ׷ʮǿ̷ͯӣΪľĸɣҺҶ׷̷ͯӽ֣ʱҶȶ޷һǿ̷ͯӡ
Ҷȵһͳ̫λ棬ҶȾǿ󣬾ǳħҲĶ֣ҶȵһָͿѹ壬ҶһֱףΪһȺᣬǧ֮С
漸ңҲѣ½ú塭ôһɿڷ֮У
ŸߴͷŽҶȾ͸оһޱߵƣӷ֮͸ʦΪɽ


669 ƽϿ
Ӧʦ崫еһַͨˣʦˣ¼ӲÿʮƷ
ҶȻ۶ߣͷԪ񣬿Ű˰񣬴пһӡŷʦˣڴˣػˡ
ֻϧҶȲʥɽûķ޷ȥϤܡ
䡫
ޱӣ񣬶޳ͽٶܼһЩˣٶ޷Խޣǧް壬֨֨һ˾ͱ޳Եùʣ
ֲȺ̫˼顣
ʮţϹħͷߡռ籩硢ͬవɱʣµ֮һҪԿֲ޳֪ʣ»ûʮ֮һ
ˣ
޳ϵϯӴزϷڣɣɽʯʣӲľ޳ֱһ޳֮Уʯͷʳһգίʵ¡
κʣڽ޳󣬵Ȼ޴棬һ̫žɽҲ˽֮һ֤޳
ʱ˿̣գˣӭɨĽ޳Ǿ޴̹ѹ·ط

˸оëڲľѣ޴ĽȺ˵ûκôֲô޷ͳΪ˽޵ʳڳκˣûĶԽ޳
ڣ޳˹
ǰѪɫ飬һֻһֻϱܣÿһֲ°ٴҧϣવҧĲܼѹȶǧ˴֮ϣ㼤ײ
ܼ޳£ȻҲҡβ㼯ʵһǶộױ޳ơ
ÿһҡΡ𶯣ŵ˰£ض޳ǣգһδεر޳
öвҽС
ĺͷӳ񣬴ʱݽ޳ǣһĻĻĿĵĳ
֪ûмʱߣֻǵֿ޳ľձ޳Уһˣ޳·һ鼢ײнްţһƬƬ⡢ͷ˺ѣǻ屦׶˺÷顣
壬ڲʼ˺ҧȻͫСͻȻسϣ븹У˾ô˺ķѣƬֱӿĽȺɡ
ˣиʯ顢ϹֻҪʣᱻҧ飬ǷݣҧϣҲᱻҧ飬޳ֱһ̨޴
ʣǽʳ

Ҷ˵񣬽ڣڽ޳һ£ҡΣߵƺܸӦ壬֪֮дϢ㲻ϵع񣬹ȥ㡣
ǿֲλʦʩչ˸Īͨκƽ֮Уȫˣ
ܣͷޱǰѵþ֣޾ҲǳԲ
֮Уƣ̬֣̤ߣʱŶݣӵаԱˣӳԲҶ˸棬Խʹࡣ
Կ޳ֱǶĵĥڵĵĲģߺһԿ־塣
֨֨֨֨
˺ʩչۿҪͦȥͻȻڽ޳룬ӿһֻֻһӴʮ޴ѪޣżӲףսӿȵس
ޱӱһ飬ͷ˺˵Ľޣɫأ̾ǡǽ֮ǿĴڣ׳ˣϡ٣Ϊλڽ޳룿

΢΢иķͻȻ
ǧֻɣǾŬֵ󣬲ܱƣҶƳ˫֣ͷų
Ҳû˿֮ģ׷׼ע֮С

ǧֻƺרΪԸһֻֻײеضڵˣʱʼΧ񹥻ϵس죬һ߳ݺݵسҧ
һζͣ
ҽƺãַ񣬶ңŷͣŽ޳ȥһ߹һƶŽ޳ٶǰ
ȻսǰԶ޳֮УĥݽߣȻΪв͡
ͷ󣬻нϸ߼˼롭УҪһգҼһ£Ҫȹ̷񣬼޳ȥֻ·һ
Ҷվ˫һӣʱһ׹߳߳γһ˲ɱһֻֻޣͬ
䡫
Ž޳ǰͻȻֹͣײбˣҶһˮץס׹⣬
Ȼ޷ҡֵڿӽ޳֮¶Ҷȴ˲ΪһǧֻȻ񣬲޳ȥһͣ
˳Գġ
ǧֻһսޱӡꡢ˸ɫû뵽׼

ڣ纣˰Ľ޳Ƕȥ¶ʯأֻʣʯҳ
϶ȺǣҪ濹⣬ʮ뱻ʩչ򣬷ӡǣ֮Уһ
Ҷȹҵվû˵һɳֻǧֻͳҶΧ£
Ҷ֡˶ʱˣΪҶȱΧģҶȡ

˲Ϣ֮䣬ǧֻͬݣƾʧ¾һŤƮϢ˸
һֻӵһʵǧֻ
ڣҶͷźڰ׾γɷ׹⹥һֻֻʹֱУҶȴЦʮֿģʩչڰ׾γһ׹˲ǧ
һһܷκʣǣȴ޼˻׶֡
һֻвһʮ˶֣֮ɽŷɥΪȺදƻ
ҶϺȻЦݣɭɭײޱȵĽǧֻһƷʵ߽ףҪɿܣֶһֶԿ߽׵ֶΣ
ȻҪǧֻײнƳΪܣ
뷨ΨֲҶȴҪΪҪѽƳʮ˽׿ܰĹ
ɽ磬ٳ֣ǱϹɽĨɱòˣֽϡ٣ֻϹŴɣͬͷǿߣܳѹԴ˷ѣ
Ҷ˾ҪѽƳɿܡ


670 
ǧֻҪΪܣףҪܳʱ뾫ȥɡ
վ֮У׹֮УĽȺҶ侲˼ֻȽӡȴ֮ٽռ䣬ʩչײƳΪϿܣ
ݺһģҶʩչһӡͬһŴϵشǧֻһѹ£һ̺̫һڽ£ܲս
ʵʵӡֲֿڣҪѷӡҧƣǾһ鷳
ӡҶʩչӡι̵һӳڷӡ֮ϣ󷨿սʵʵ
ɷӡ㻨һʱ䣬ҶޱӡѾ֮У֮Ҷȳ֣ʩչӡܷˡ
ɱȻգأ˲ͻڽ޳֮У˿ȻأȻΪһ¶رһС֮С
ҶȸӹգѾһӰӣ鵴һƬҼǰɣовϢ룬ն֮أǰ
ʱ̾Ҫˣ
ÿ˲һ֮ſػĥʹţֻΪɹ֤Լ

̿ٷӶɽ޳ĵҲȥָһ·ɳۣûһû޳ĵطǴĿģƺ޳һӣضԵøɸɾ
УԽʧڣּⰻȻս硣
ݣԪкܴǶҹȵϹ
һƬ磬оϹ磬һɨܼɽ֮УɼҲܼϹ
ҪɼҪս˷ʱ䣬òʧѾڶ꣬Խ꣬صʵݸࡣ
˼ȥܼһЩӰҴҷ֮Ҳвڶȡ
ৡ
Ҷ˸սһƬ֮ʯ磬ʹһʯͻȻһų׵֩
̫ͻȻϢͰ˸ס˶ǲ֮֩ͻȻһ̣ͷӦˣһŴôƵǣһֻֻֻʣͷľ޴֩룬ʯشһһӿֳ
ǡ׹룬һǿһΣͨ죡
ޱһӰѰ׹֩˵˳
׹룿ôϹǻƹȥɣܼɾȥ侲˵
ã
˶ʾͬȷʵܰѾڶԸϣ˲һٶʧȺǰ
ţϹǿµֲ֮һСģпʱɥ
Ҷ˸ͨһδζգЩ˾Ͳ˵أ︹гΪʳ
ҿ취Ⱦʦã
ʯҶ˸ոշһƬʯܼգȻŮһŮһȺѪɫӼ³Ѫ˿һīŮӰīŮ޷նѪ˿Ѫ˿ͿγɲӼ״
īˣ޴뼤ţһŮӣҪȥȱȺѪϰŮӣ̫ηѪϣȻݺһ˦䣬ͬﳤȥ
ʦ㣬ߣ˷ʱ䣬ЩѪ̫˼飬Ҳأû뵽Ѫ˿סīŮӣͬԸ㡣
ôȣŮǰȣѪ˿ţƺһնϵʣŮһʱ֪ô졣
ⳡҶȶˣ⣬һŮӣȻһ㣬Ѫǣ˵ǰǶ֮أȸϹȥ˳ˣȻȥһ棬Ͳ˷ʱ䣡
ҲãʦҪѪϣŴϹǳ£һմѪ˿ͻᱻߣ
ޱӡ궼ҶʵҲģҳ־ˣҲģ㲻ԥ
λӣ㻹˺Щ
Ҷһգ֮䣬ͷӹǧգѪڵʯְΧ֮УվżŮӣȭ˵
ŮϽתһ̼Ҷȳ֣ϲԭֶʦ֣̫лʦ֣ϣʦһҪȳʦãڸм
ԭڣõģһȫȣ
ҶҲڣһŲһһţȴɽϰ룬ȻңԶڵӾɽ磬ֶҲһʡ
ţ
Ҷ׼ʱԺںȻӿ龻Ӱ׼֣նϲӼѪ˿ȳīŮ˲䣬ֵģҶüͷһΪλŮӣ˸һ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ벻ͨƣ⻹ǵһΣ龻ֻ˲ףĪǣǰⱻѪϵīŮӣ˿˿ϵ
ڰ׾
˲Ϣ֮䣬;ʩչֶͨΣڰ׾ŮӾͿʧȥʶΣҶȾʩչڰ׾Ϊһ׹棬ŲӼȼա
ž
ŷɥϹѪϣȻںڰ׾ʩչ£׹յ÷׷ױըʹߣЩѪϱһҲϴʮֹѪ˿ȷʵӵһɹϢ
ಣ
Ѫܣкڰ׾ǺӼͻȻһֲ⣬īŮͬݷɳ
ҶҲû뵽īŮӣʵ˸ҲһţٳԽףĽ֮䣬Ҷڰ׾
ʦ㣡
ʦã
λŮӣ̼ҶǰӵϾŮӣҲ˼ǿ
ʦմҵʦạ֮̃ǰǸżŮӣŮӣһͬҶǰָмʵ
ҶȵȻȭֶӣҶȣλü⣬һ򽻺ãǷ£
Ҷʦ֣һݣŮӡ̡ҪҶȹ£л֮
ؿţ̣ȵȣ˵
ҶȱҪֹ̣ԺͻȻһϢţԺĳһ¶񣬱ͻȻץס˫Ȳʵ
ͻȻ쳣ٶŴסˣ̣ʼҶ˫֣ȴ֣Ҷ˫ַǳס޷ѣֻܵͷæ˵Ҷʦ֣ҵȷ̣
˼
ҶȲȻ֣ʧ̬ˣɿ˫֣
޷޷Ҷʦ֣ĪʶʦãԱλӣƺҶȺкøУæǰ̣һʵ


671 ݣ޶ħ

ҶһµǱסˣͷ˼һλͬΪյǰָ㣬ʶӣֻΪλǰºԨԴԲżʧ̬
ԭˣʦáӺݺݵһ̣Ϊ֣ƺеųҶȣΪղǷٶ
һҶ˵ԭ򣬾һ侲ʵҶʦ֣һɽ磬ٳ߶ʦôҼҳм棿
˵ҿ˵λǰ֣ΪܣһλǳǿǰңӦǴɽܾõһλϹŶҶ֮ܲܰµ
ԭҶ֮˼Ϊɽ֮ţȻ˵ھָڣ˺ᣬβ
뵱Ҷ֮УĹ֮һһҶ壬ڶʬ壬ܡ
½ҶȡҶҵûΪܣǧǰҶҶ治ΣգǱŵȡʬ壬ΪˣҶӭ𣬱ȡ
ʬ壬ͱҶ֮ͨУҶңǧȥҶڼ֮ʱĴҶҲõҶϿɣʼһУƴ棬ں񼣣񼣡
ڣҶȻۼ֤ܻδһԪͨԻҶȲ֪һЩɽʮϹżɽ΢Ԫͳʧ
εõָ䣬֪顣
ҶУѳΪһʦǿϧΪ̫˻ժȡҶȵΪ̫֪ͣΪɽ磬̤ɽ磬ҲмʶܾǴۡ۰Ĵڡ
ΪɽʮϹżʵʵڼ¼ڹż֮УֻûоʮżѣңʮżǴɽ֮޽֮֮У޽ֻ֮ɽɵۡ۲ܽ롣
ɴһ㣬ҶȾײ³ܾɵۼͷ
ɵۼ֣ȻֱӶȡ䣬Ҫ֪ɵۼǿ߶ɱӳħѹܿóôɱλǺεߵĴڡ
ܣ
֮󣬱ϸϸ˼⣬׽ӣһȷҶǲǾϲ⣬һѰҼûλǰ
ǺܿϧҡҡͷҼ֮Уûλ߼¼
⡭
ҶüһԽڴԽʧҲԭ䲻֪ã˵ʮǰ֮ǰʱ䣬ھռ䲻֪ٸ£ǾͲֹʮ꣬ǧꡢʮ궼пܡ
بŵʷΪ֪Ҳ˵ùȥġ

ƳҶʧʧ䣬̿óҶȸղһģݸһЦ˵үү˵˵壬ںܾǰɽģ֪ΪΣû䣬Ҳķѣɽ絽ɽ磬֧һֻе֦ĩҶ˵ʦǰԸɽҲ˵
ķѣû䣿
һҶȿֱûǺˣ϶ɽӲùǴ壬ھɽ綼з֧֤ģܣһʱỹ޷Ū
̵һϵɽ縡ƼһƯɽõ淢չʦҪŪλǰʱȥڣүүʣԼȥ϶֪һ
ãȻʢ룬Ⱦɱ¾ͻȥڣ¶˵ʮҪΪŪ࣬ҶҲ
ǺǣȻѾˮʯǻǰʣʱ䲻ˣʱ˵
ҶͷŻŮӣԣһھ֮ţλӲ⣬ʱһ·¾ͳ䵱ʹߣ
λ˧磬֮ã
ӵǲӲΪƤҶ˵ϼ䣬һӶҶ̸ȥ
û뵽ھɱǰĺˡһжڤڤ֮עģ
ԭҶȻ㣬ɽ磬úȥѰһ壬δ̤ɽ磬Ѳ̣˾Ѳ⡣
ҶȳΪ˻ʹߣһ·ӶɹΣյش죬ŷɳʯ磬ӭһգ֮ϣȻƯһƽ̨ƽ̨ö޷ͷ
ƽ̨̾һö˸֮أϷ
Σ飬ڻվ
Сӣҵòס
ҶҪŮ뿪֮ʣͻȻһɭɭӷϹմһɺ־ʱǶ
аϢǿ֣ͬʱһͻȻ֮£ͬ
ݣȻڵң
ҶŮǰޱ鵭˵һ䡣
ҶȡСݵţ֣СŵĺܣտҪúýѵһħɭɭ
޶ħҶһ㶣Ϊû뵽ħħȻһ룬֮ǰ붷нʣ˳ҲΪ档

֮УͷƬħɭɭֻ޶ħͷħһѩ׳µĶݣݲȵħڶǺ棬ʮа̡ħĸ֣Ϊ
Ȼȫ̵ܽţݣɽħڵţ޶ħ
һ̣ӣħ֮е֣䣬ƺŹаħ֣Ҽ֮ǿǿߣȫԽʮŸ֡
Ȼһħһа̸֣ͷŵƣ޷ƥУҫǲаħǿߡ
Һܺ棬ݣ֮˹ϹϢţһλҵҵģҪңȲ裬ңҶüչ¶Ӣ֮ŷ
ǲףҷѾĻҵֶӣǾɱˣ㿴
޶ħȻͣھҶǧգݺȻһ֣ͻȻӰȻֶݳݳ÷ŵӡ
ݳݳ÷رаʴ֪˶ãƤѪɫͬʬƵģϼ˺ۣŷ̫ͻȻ˲Ϣ֮ѡ
ֶʮĸӣһڶϾ֮УˣڲǰҶȻ̸
֨
ҶȻͷĦŭϱɱúãɱúãͬţǵˣҪллնβͣǺôͬţ֮ͬҲҪûģ
֣СͷӲҪúýѵѵ޶ħһԲؼ£һɿϷ顣
λӣȥɣ
Ҷת̡ӣͫ˸Ű⣬ƺʾҶݱܷâҶῴȴĿŮƽ̨ʱƽ̨֮жʱ䣬һƬų
ɽ¥ݣһ㲻Ϊ


672 ͬΪţ1
Ѳ֡޷¶ˣ
ҶȰЦһ䣬Ϊֶһȥɽֶһ棬ȡصţκμƻˮһգƻԶ仯Ѹ͡
μӾɱΪȡȡΣҫɽ磬û뵽Դݡ޶ħǿߡ
ȫܽŶݣ
ɽħڵ޶ħаħţΪһֶӹȥ
˷½ͨ޳ţСɵӶУڵƽ̨֮ʱ̲ס·ɱ𺳣ЩҲܣҪ
֣ҾͲС棬Ϣ޶ħƺд㣬Ƕ˵Ц䣬۸⳯ƽ̨ȥ
Ҳȥɣ˵壡
ǳţǿߣĿ޶ħ뿪ֻʮȫ̸ܽ뿪
ʱ䣬֮Уֻʣˣ
籩Ū춼ɳ볾˵ž֮ŹϵʷǴĿսۼ֮
ҶȵʮͶݸԣǿ˵ߵﶼǽҶȱ˫֣ƽȥݣôַ
Ȼζĺߵﶼԣʹ￪ʼҶ֣ССΪ޶ħսò£棬һüغϣ㣡
غϣҲ֪㵽ûһֱ׷Ѱǿߣܾû޶ħţǾ¼°ɣ
ҶȻɲǼ䣬Խɾƾͱ
֮
Ȼ֮䣬ݶˣͷųһصϢֻնŤģ˸ޣƺʱƿնȥ
Ҷһǧ֮Ϊݣ֮û뵽ؼ仹ʩչռ

˲Ϣ֮䣬ԾŤĿռ䣬һӰͻأѹֱƿգָץȻſռ֮γһֻռ֣ҶѸѹ
޶ħʩչɽħǿֶΣɽ֣֮ͬ
ħǿߣһգ֮䣬ʩչ֮־ֶΣ̬ޣתΪռ֮ٿؿռֶ֮Σȫڷ֮ϵǿֶΡ
˻ƣ
ɲǼ䣬ۼָۿռγָƣݺݵγԼҶ̴߶޼˻ף˸׹⣬ԭһͬǣǿռָ֮湦ȥ
񡫣
ŤӰ룬潻֣˻ռָ֮һʱ׹ײ֮ͬըϯķÿռҲ˱ռǧס
񡫣
ؿռ䶯˲δϢܣգҽλãָֻռ֮ͬ˴֣ͻȻչҶһץһģһʽҶȻӶ֡
߶˻ưѸʽȵظ׹Ŀǣ˸ԡ
ͻȻн֣ռ𵴣˺ݺݵ˦ǧףڿУּֽΡ
Ҷ֣޶ħȻûа㴵ɣղżܽҵ⣬δ֮УȻָ֣ԭǶִûȤģ
Ťգ嶷ӰҶȻֳڿռ֮УϵҡҷĭΡ
޶ħҲδ㴵񣬶ݣҵóϣʵȷ޶ħ֮ϣǲȫ֮ϣҪа£˵ΰɣ
ҶһЦȻͬâиռ䣬ڱ
˶ţǳԽ˵Ĵڣʵȫɽ編ɽľǿߣɽ磬ҲһǿߣʵûбҪμӾɱ
ҪСģҪˣ֮
ݹϳ֣һƬռŤ˲ˣʣºĿ磬𵴲Ŀռ䡣
Ҷȣü޷Ӱ٣ֻԪȥӦ
ͣ
գ֮ʣҶȺ󷽣ͻȻռһƣһָ˿ռ֮ͬһɾ޴ͻȻҶȺ󱳵
ͻأҪǱУҶȲҲҪˣ
ٿ
ݹͨˣԤϣף޷Ӧ·һĽףԸӦǾڿռָ֮ʣҶ֮٣ӿռָɲǣһš
ͬ׹Ҳһͬ
ʥǹ
һʥǹӰȻڿռָŤռͻأ֣ͷ޼᲻ݵǶſռָǺŤռ͵شȥҶȾʹʥǹ֡
񣡡
һǹٶȡռָ£ԵŤռ䣬ŷһƵģһײӲʣŤռ䷢˱ը
ܵģҶȽץסʥǹԪǿȻ֪ݱС
һǹǴж壬Ǵ֮γƿ
޷֮ȭ
Ťռ䱬ըͬʱ࣬ռͻȻһһаȭͷͷŴȭ壬޳غҶȣ
䣡
Ҷȼ㷴ӦҲ޷ٶȣʩչǧͼҶȴδ㣬붷ݽ֣Ҫʹ÷ҪʵȥԿǿߣԣ޷ܣֻʩչ
һ޳֮ȭص˻Ҷȭ£ҶȾһżȻû飬ȴͬһȭ֮ңøԶȫӰӡ
֪ҪûмʱҪķѣ
û뵽СѲǼˣδй֮ͬˣսֵز
ûռ䴫ݾ֮ԽԽԶҶʧȥ

֮ңһƬգҶȺݺҧһ飬һȭԳҶȴ񫣡
Ҫľһ죡
þûֺоݣ治ǾǿߣҶٴβγɡ
Ϸں棡
ͻȻһƬռǴһޣдһռֱ֮γһ󵶣ҶȺռ֮ƣܵռѹȣҶȾСۣռ󵶾ֲ
˻ƣ

һָ߸ߵسռһȥ֮ʱ𵴶׹ҶһռڿռײһһΣһײռ󵶾飬ζɢ
˾գſռ𵴣Ͻ֮սʱ䣬һСʱ㣬
֮ǳọ̈̄ܽɽһż֮Уõһɽż㲻֣
ɱһƬɽϿգҶȲ¸ҽ棬ֿռ֡ǵϵײ֡
ʩչôͨŷ޾ҲƣڿռЦҾ԰һգնɱ㣡
ݣΪͨһף޵£̫СˣҶһһδοռ乥


673 ͬΪţ2
ҶȺȻת߶ͨʼվ֮Ԫͼ֮Ҷӿ
磬ƺΪģ
ŶȻǾţӵвҲ㾳硢涼ң㶷ȥŤռ䣬ִ֮
˾һδս֪Էʵߵ־أҲֻƴ飬ƾ𺳵ֶͨΣ
а׾
ͻȻ֮䣬еĶݣͷһа־־Ȼ־
ҶһüͷݣҪʩչȫ̵ܽͨа׾ⲻȫ̴ܽУһֹ𣿡
ҪСģͨҪմһ㣬־Ԫ񣬱ᱻֲа
ݹȻǸǿߣ֮ʣҪһ£ֻռٴλûŤ֪ںδڴʱһȼյа棬ΪҶ̶ֱ
޼ս

Ҷ׼ãа泤γɣһץ޼սֳĻ泤һԣ̶ײ
¡
ȻЦִдݳҶȻδô£ΪطͻȻû뵽泤ͻȻΪ𺣣ͻȻҶֱӳײ
ԭղǻ泤𹥣аͻȻ֮죬˷ʤҶѸоа棬а汻մϣа϶ṥԪ
ңֲа
ڰ׾
аӿ֮ʱҶͻȻһһɹ׹ͫǺһ׹ɲǼֵڻ֮ǰ

а˳ݺݵײ׹֮ϣ޷ͻ׹׹˿֮
Ǭɱ
Ƕݣ֪ʱӰ޷񣬾ҶȶԿаʱһɿռ֮Ϊи֮УݺݴҶȺ󷽿ռ䣬͵ر
񣡡
Ҷȿһ£ֻһݣһɹɺڰ׾û׹ɲǼӿռ֮Ͽս٣Ͱѿռ֮и𣬻ΪƬɢա
ս䣡
ͻȻһ޵ս⣬Ϊһȭֱսɵȭͷ޷赲Ҷȷ֣սγɵĹݺݻҶȷ
¡
һ£Ҷ˴ʧŤռʧֳȻγһɫսףϹŴ󽫾ѹķףŭسҶ׷ɱȥ
ǡɳĮ
ҶĺǣֱӵһƬǷɳĮɳĮ֮УײɳĮ֮ϣʼ顣
ս䣿
ҶͻȻһɶٴγɣһΣ׹⣬γɼ̲ߵķ
ŶϹսףҵǿתղս䡭Ƕͨ
ԶҶȾͼһȼյĺɫս⣬ɳĮս⣬ǵ־һڣӵ޵ս⣬һ㣬ԽǿʵԽǿֻܱȥС
ԿƣȴȥУƣսҲˣսսͬһͷţҲ˵սͬͬ־ǿ
սս־Ī⣬һӵս⣬ǿң
ڣݴսսף̤նҶȣû뵽ʩչ֮а׾޷Ը㣬Ǳصùģܲ򵥣
Ҳ򵥣ҼʶսȻݣתɳȥ˰ҶȲɵ
ݿЦһսַģҶȣҿŲ治ɱ㣬ҰɣΪսǿߣٴɽ磡
ͬΪıǻܳΪѣݣаˣһҲͬȻͷʵҲʧҲǿͨ㽻֣һԶ޷ҵĴڣ
ҶȸɴȻ߶ڰֱɡɣ̤ﵽĽײŽңǿ״̬˻ƣ˸׹жκʡ
ɾŽףȻۺ˼飡ݾ֣Ҷȱľ𾪡
ҶȵһЦҵֶΣģ
ҵֶҲģɣһǰͨս䣬㽻֣㻹ܲܣҾͷŹ㣡ƺɣֶδʩչһһ㣬ɭɭҶ˵
Ҷȴ̤ɣ
޶ħҲδʩչһҶɽ磬һͳ˷սʮ䣡
ݳˣ˫͵չռžţһɹս⣬ͬȼӿսǻƽɫͬһϹս񣬻սףֻݲûκζදֱӾǴ߶ޱս⣬Ҷȵһȭ
¡
սȼһȭռ䶼ȼս£׷߽⣬ȷǳԽɽ
ǿǿߣݣôһǿУҶ֮ҰŶʩչֱͱȷ죬ҪԶĶҡ

һսֱȭһ׹˸ƣ˶ϹžˣڿֱӶһײȭཻ
ͻͻͻ
ͷŵȫԽɽ編򣬶֮ţҲǶӦɽѿռ䶼˺ѣ顣
ս䣡
һȭҶƽ£ʵ۾һȭֱӿĽ׸֣ȻҶȲ£Ǻս⿪ʼȳͫս⣬ٴѸһڶȭ̩ɽѹ֮ƳҶȺ
ս䣬벻ѪкƵĵطǼǱԽݹֲòмμӴʵһ֣ͿնɱĽףٴαǿԶԿףսʮ䣬˵ʮʮʮ
ҶɲǼ䣬Ѫ龰ʱȼǱԽԿǿС
û뵽ɽݣսľͨ
񣡡
Ҷȴ߶ȫӡ⿪ͬˮʩչڶУ׹⳯ݺȥ

ռһ˺𵴣Ҷ붷ݸԱ˺ʮͫ𺳣Ҷоڷ飬ҪƵġ
˲˺ѵĿռ䣬ΪԷʵ𺳡

ۿҪʩչν֮ʣջܾˣ֪Ҷ·ɳĮȻֳһ©һɿ¹磬ŷܸӦһ²סҶ˫ȣȻһ
ҶȸӱܣͱԾ֮űԴɳĮ©֮УɳĮһֱƽ¡
ף
ҲͻȻı仯ͻأŵùǺæߣҿɳĮһսʧ¶һ󺹣ҡҡͷӢŰҶȰҶȣϧûϣȴھ֮Ϲŷ仯Ī֮£ϧ
ҡҡͷҲʧطˡ


674 ͻʮ
쪣
ǡ
Ҷ˲ϢͷӦȴԼһ޴з磬ХɳſγɿݣŴʣҶȸоԼѹʣϵ³··һޣҪ
ţԪ֮
Ѱҳ·ҶȾͱ֮У˸Ĺ˲һͷֲϰԪ֮ڷ֮С
׬ˣ
ҶȺòͳͳԪ֮봢䣬һźȻоĲ١
պԪ֮ҶȽ侲ݰ磬̧ͷһȻǺĻɳֻռ籩赲ϷʱʱɳԼǱȥĿռ籩硣
ҪȥҪԽһռ籩
Ҷʲǿռ籩֣ʩչͳӻ壬Ҳ޷Խռ籩赲籩Ƿ籩һ壬ѹסͳӣ޷͸ռ籩
ݣԶңս̫ˡ
ڷ棬ҶԺӿֳղ붷һ׽ֻ棬˽ֲ죬˭ûռƣֳʤҶΪǶݶ֣ΪѴﵽĽ֮䣬ҶʵȴĽס
ҪͻƴɾҪսʤȻ⣬ɾ붷ǿ߽֣ûаգʩչֶΡ
ξɱ޶ħֽ֣Ҷջķᣬǿ֮ʲô
ͻأĵ·籩ҿܻҪ붷ݽֵ󣬵ʱֻ֣жֶνնɱȻֿ⣬ʣһʱ䣬ֻҪҼʱȥ껹пܵģ
ҶҡҡͷʱҲôˣ仯̫죬ʣһʱ䣬ֻҪʱȥɲμӶ꣬ҶҪĿꡣ
չʥؽҪģҶȾ޶ħݽ֣Щ˼Ӱƻ
û취ţǿߣҶȶȥսһ
Щ½ٶȣûǧ꣬ȥǧꣿȴ
ҶһȦַּԪ֮ǧۻ£ѹŴʬ壬вٴ䣬ϧҶȶ޷ȡ˼뿪޷뿪վͻ
ͳӣǧͼ칭ЩҶһһ񶨣ǾǸ޷ԽԽĿռ籩ͺñһӣŴ󴸣ȴûӴ
ʱ޵ʧҶڷ֮ϣ߶򣬷㣬ҶȻָո
ʱû취ͻʮף˵ͣһᣬ취ͳˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷָһ㣬ȥ£ֻʣ֮һٲץʱ䣬û취ˣ
ɣɾŽף
ɲǼ䣬ֻӰ磬ͳͳ⿪ӡڴ˲䱬ƽٻҲȼھ硢ϸѪȼգÿһ缸ǻɫ
һͷҲȼգ
ˣҶͬһգʱ磬Ϊģϵسӿ
˻˻
һȼգƽٻ¯ڳˣƽ֮γͭнƵĻ¯ţġγߵķƽٻ¯֮Уû¯޼᲻ݡ
Ҷ룬Խߵƽٻ¯γɶΧԼʱ䣬ƽٻ¯γɣҶȿ¯ڣʮ㣬ʼ˫֮У۷ӡһɹ׹˫ȭ֮˸
ɾŽףƣ
˰죬ҶͻȻվһż¯ڣѸһȭֻһ׹Ϣֱһȭ¯ڴƽٻ¯һҶһȭɨ
ͻͻͻ
һҶײ£ƽٻ¯ڴơ

ʱҶȷһͣ٣ѪҺ׷ײ͸оͻƣؾֹ
žžž
ĪɲǣʹڴһұըӹѪϸÿһÿһ䣬ڽһըȻ춯أҲڽͻ֮УѸͱը
ͻʮףоȫһʵ߾Ͳ˵ˣؼоһޱߵ磬Ϣ֮УĪǣҪͻƴɾף
ȥըͻƣҶȾԽӴһ䡢׳˶ϢָоޣǣֻҪ̤Ǹ硭ʣָоǴɾ
δ̤ɾɽ繲ޱϢɾʹɣҵʵҪﵽһĵز
ͻʮףȻҶһޱߣɽںϵĸоһ̤ɾ϶о仯Ҵɾ϶򵥣һƽ١
Լʮ죬ըŽʼ飬Ҷȴʱһۣâ˺ա
״̬붷ݽ֣϶ܲ£Ҫ޶ħʮоɱ
Ҷɣͻʮףɽľͷǿ֮Уֶˡ߶֣Ǹɽ٣ҲԿҶȣ
޷ͻƺһռ籩
Ҷʵ־һȴǿռ籩ȴҶȺȻ뵽ʲôӺһռ籩ַ籩˳ʱѭ籩˶ֹͣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷƺץסһ˿
ֻҪı籩˶ڷ籩һ̣ʱҾܳû뿪磡
ҶǰһĿ罣Ǽ˶ķ籩㣬üͷ𣺡Ҫı籩㣬ǴɡǴ۲
ԡ
ͻȻҶȼ뵽ʲôѪڷڣһץһԹҫ˫֮Уоʯʯѡ
ֻҪ⿪ʯʯѷӡֲıΣȻɷ籩ֹͣҲֻʯѣпֲ
ԭҶȾȻ뵽˲˼İ취ʯʯյ磬ıṹҶȿʯʯѣƷ籩ٶȣһ뿪¡
ͬ󺣣ϹɽϣʯôǧҪ޷ѹ򡭡
Ҷ治ȥʯʧȥ֮Ծ֮Ŵ𺳱仯Ҳֻܳԣȥһѣ
ƻȷҶȱ㿪ʼ洢㹻ʱʩչ̫һӡʯʯѣʯֹȥܰѾ֮Ŷһɶӿµǣһʯʯ̺ʲôѶ֮ĴڣҪɽһ޷ľ޴ѡ
ɽռ䣬Ҷȿɲƽ⣡
ֹ죬Ҷ㹻ﵽʮױ״̬һöԪ֮Żﵽ״̬ʯʯѣϷ籩㡣
գҶȲŷ֣֮ŹȻǸ磬ŷڷһѹ̺һⷨ򣬵ĳЩ򲻴ڣֵ·򣬱ɽһӺһΣ֮ţһɽһ롣
֮ţȻ棬ϹϹ汦


675 ֮
ʯʯѣɲҪʧҲҪ̫𺳡
Ҷ©۷壬ϷǺһռ籩˶˳İХ֮
˺ͽ׵Ŀռ籩˽ԣҶҲһͷƤ飡
һԷӡٴͷųžƯеʯʯѣҶ˲֪ͷʯʯһȥЦ£˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
Ҷ޷ƿأκηӶҪһԣˣܱܲһɡ
ʱҶȾʲôϣʯʯϣֹͶһһðգһַصĶĲ
ӡ⣡
ҶһȻĿһݣ˫ֺݺݵԷӡ֮ϡ

ԷӡʼϹġɵ׷ʧҶģɲǼ䣬ֻʯʯѣŷƹжħͻʧȥΣһ¾ͱǳâ
ಡ
һĻҶѾϣ˫ۣҡҡͷ麹ֱðΪʯʯֱգҺγһ㱣ҶɲǼͻᱻһա
ĵ·磬ͱˣ
ڷ籩ɳеķʣʯͷʬ塢ʯκʶͻͻͻ·һӿʯʯѣʯǳ֮оʯҪѸ򱶡
գۣ·㣬ͶһӰĿҴʻϵسǿž޴ķȥ
֨֨֨
Ҷһͷ߸˸ŽâҲƵĿɿڴؿŴʲͱʯʯեΪ촷ۣһ鱻ʴѣһͳΪһɳ
⡭
ҶʯʯȴҲû뵽˳˫ֶɲΪʯʯٶԽԽŷմٶȾԽԽѸͣңҶһʧȥƽ⣬ṹܵı䣬ԿǺһ籩ٶ
ٲǾ˵Ľ٣ƷҲԽԽС
ͷһҶųһ亹ƴ󡢳³µķʣǱһƮƮֱӷʯʯڵľ޴ϣʱʯʯեµֲ
˱棬类ʣϵرգҶȿԽԽʬҲֳʬȥݣ̫
Ȼγɺܳʱ䣬ǧһεľɱÿζʮ˼룬ʧȥһ룬ЩˣնΪʬΪ֮Ȼĸʴ󣡡
ҶɱˣӲҳǻǲһɱֱһ̭ʤ̭⣬Ϊֶʮڵӣȴֻһٶӱ
ýͣ
ʯʯѡҪô治֪
ʱ˿̣ۣ֮ҶȾˣ˫ְʯʯ࣬ͷԱԼԸоʯʯڱڲŷҶԽԽûаգоһѽʱʱ֮̿ϡ
ãȻʱڼ籩Ҳڼ籩˶ЩͻƳȥ
գΧ籩ȦʯĥٶȣԽԽ;ҪһƬֹ籩·磬챻Ϳˣдʽγɾ޴򣬱ʯʯǳ
Һã˾޴һ򣬲ҶȿƣҶֻҪʯʯѣʯʯѾһ綼եɡ
·ۻʳ֣ҶּԪ֮ȵȳ֣ϧ޷ڳһֻ֣ȥȡЩ̫̫֮࣬ŲμӴı
ˡ
ͻȻһҵڵӿ
ҶһΪλ־䣬üͷ󲻽⣺ǧͼͼ飬ΪͻȻ
ڵͻȻǴǧͼͼģ
ͻأ춯Īǡǵȱͼ飡ҶȻȻ򣬷·һˮѣͷԪ񣬿֮С
պջҶֿ·һɨӣȻûиӦǧͼͬϢ֡
ĪǴˣճҵõݴǧͼͼ飬Ӧýӽͼ飬Ҳһ飬ԸܵƬƬȴҪС࣬޷Ӧ
ӿʼתҶȲģڴǧͼͻأзӦ·Ҫ׵ʼתĻɳ뿴ȥ
ಣ
ʯʯǿٶԽԽ죬·ǳԼ©籩룬ǹɿ˺κʵķۣһ̣پʬʯ£׷׷ա
һͳΪʬʬָֽϣһöʧȥԵĴ䣬Ȼʼƺʲôٻ
ǧͼͼ飬Ǿʬ崢֮С
Ҷۼ٣ҰڴǧͼϢȫͷųʬ֮У˷Ӧ

ڿɹܲʯʯѣҶŲָǾʬ崢һץһָ֣ͻȻץʬ塣

Ѹ׼ȷץסָǾ߸ʬ飬ͱʱĥʣһ߸ʬˡ
û뵽ھ֮ţõǧͼ
ֱҶץģһöͨ䣬ʧȥԣҶǰҶȼ޷̰ѽָ壬ֺݺݰʯʯ֮ϣôһʱ䣬ҶҲʯ˿쵽һ롣
õǧͼͼ飬ҶȲû˶Σ籩գ̴߶ͳӣ˫ʯʯѣһ޴һͬϻδȫֹͣķ籩㡣
ͻͻͻ
Ҷȸոս籩㣬СĿռ籩ﶯͳ֮ϣȻˮҳͳӣҶȶ޷ʯʯѡ
ߣ
û뵽籩㻹Һ֮ǰûֱͳͻƣҶȲҲҪһա
סҶȱٴαҶȸܵƥ׾ȫѹɽ編ͻȻԱ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾʯʯѣͳӣڵس籩㾡ͷ
¡
ڣͳӣʯʯѿƵͻƳԼʮ׺ķ籩㣬ͬɽӳɳĮ㣬һ¾ʹӰޱߵɳĮ֮Уһɳ졣
ʯʯҶ˫ִһԷӡӡʯʯǹЩ·ʣʬ廹Ƿȵȣͳͳͬ߹ɳĮ֮С
ɢĹʬ֫壡
ȻʯʯѾȻٶȣǰӿʮֹ
ҶڴһӡͷԷӡʯѣͷŵԣ󲿷ֶʯ롣
ɲˣ֮ǰʯʯϸͬ͵ͣڣֱȡͬ״̬ٽǶ۾̺ԣ޷ӡʯѡ


676 ǧͼͼСǧ
ʯʯɱ䣬ʵ̫ͻأ
Ҷɶֹͣ
Һøղţûеȵʯʯѵ·籩Ūȫֹͣյֿƽռ籩ʯʯǰԣԷˮһ򵥣
ʣʱɽҶȣ˭ѹҵʱѳҶȶûа취ȥѹ
ʯѡȻ֮ﲻ٣Ҳֱ̫̬ԣ纽ɽ磬ҲǴɽʼվ̳ٶҲȲʯѣȥ
룬Ҷǲ롣
̫һӡ
ƯɳĮ֮գҶȹϿʼͷ̫һһӡ̫һΪطӡסʯʯѣԵʯѣ̫һӡסͰ
ʵʵԺӣ
һѷӡΣ⣬ҶȿɲҷڣӡҺûڵūһһء
ݡ
ʱɳϯգҶȶһԣǰ붷ݽ֣µĴĿսۼδŷɳʧԺͲð붷սһøݣΪɳĮ·籩˶ԭûս󣬽ɽ֮Ҷȡͷ
ɱ˼򵥣ҶҪΪԽȥɱһǿߣͲˣҶɽ磬Խ֪ʵ֮
Լһʱ䣬ȿǧͼͼ˵
ҶȿʼȲһЦһץľͳûʧȥĴ䣬ƯģҶȸоκηӡˣֻʣ䱾ҶֻҪһ󣬴ͻữΪ
ǲҶȣöڲжڵ·֮С
꣡
ֻͷƾͰѴ飬ţʧȥԵķʯҩͳͳɢգʯΪɫʯͷʧȥô౦ҲΪһô
Щʯﶼ̫һ㣬ⴢǰˣԲμӾɱȴһСɣһţޱͷ춯
ڶ֮УһͼαӡĹ⻷ƯС
ҶֱӰѹ⻷ǰһΪķӡԲǴǰʩչģҲ˵ӡ֮ҲⴢõģûдﵽԽ⿪ӡΪʵ
ʵ⿪ӡôͿԵôǧͼͼ飬ҶһӵĿռͨҲھ֮ţţ˱ضɽ
ϧһоţ
ӡַܸΪһɵۼµģֻϧӡ֮ʴò࣬⣡
Ҷֻŷӡһ㣬Եͳ˷ӡӡǷͬСɣҪҶ֮һʵſƽ⡣

ͬһֻѷ̼֮飬һޱϤ⣬ҶȷҶһץϤĴǧͼͼ顣
ϵľϢ˴룬ҶͼҪСһ룬ܲǳռϢبʥϢĹžͼͷų
ৣ
һ̣ڵһʥ⣬ǴǧͼȻɳ⣬δҶȷӦ羨Ϻ˲Ҷеͼ룬ʱһͼ鿪ʼֳ
ݲͼвۣһһͼںϣʱͼ鿪ʼںϣκ۶ں֮£ΪҺ໥ںϣ飬Ϲӿֳǳռʥ⣬˸
Ҷȸо·ͼ飬ǿռףǧ磬ǧ棬ʱ
ˣ
ҶһĻͻȻֳŲȱͼ飬ϳһŹγɹž˸ŴϢڳһ̣ͼȻΪһΣΪһͷСк
Скֻаһǳ֮£ϣ洦Լǳ꣬һ˫۾ЦеضҶȣȻͬһ㣬һ±סҶ
ǣǧͼͼ
Ҷޱ𺳣ѲǸ̤ɽ磬ݺɽҶԴǧͼϤޱȣһ۾ͿС
СкЦǺǵͷˣСǧǴǧͼͼ˵˭ܽͼϣ˭Сǧˣ
ü̻ڴǧͼ˵ˣҶˣʥߣ
ԣԣ
ͼСǧͷģ˺޲ñʥ߾ˣ֣ˣСǧ֪ô࣬Сǧˣ
ȻˡΪͼΪ飬ǧͼںηҶʳʡ
Ϊ˰СǧΪǹ֮УⱻٻӶ䣬СǧҲͷΪݣֱ벻ͬ磬ҵıӦڡɽ֮ϣڿԸӦڣȴһǿӡѹɷӡʮǿȻȲˣҲɽ糬۰ڣλãСǧǰδ׽ƺ˶δﵽ򣡡
СǧɰҶȻش
޷ﵽ򣿡£ҶüͷȻӵдǧͼͼ飬ǶͼһҲ˽⡣
ɽֳ̫࣬ƺУΪαΪʥߣΪУֻΪ߱ɽ磬ÿʱգÿʱգϹʱյȵȣҲȥ˿˵ɽΪ˽Ĵڣδȥǿ϶ɽһЩΪ֪ʱգ޽֮أˣҲȥ滭׽ʱգ
Сǧ˵ǸëͷС˵ͷͷǵˣ֮ƳǧͼΪɽޱߴڵĴ˵ΪǡߡҲ壬ֻϧɽ磬磬ôСǧ˾ͻΪ󣬶Ŀ꣬ǰСǧΪһ԰綼滭Сǧϣ
ߣҶȻδʴڣ治Уʯʯѣ˶ʶ
СǧһҶȶԴǧͼ˽⡣
ʥΪˣλǿߣɽ糬ۣߵĴڣڣɽ硢Լ滭ʱ꣬ƳΪǧͼ׳٣֤۲ΰ
ǧͼ˻滭ɣʵڲ󣬺ʵΪ־ֶΡ
һ˼ҶȸСǧͷ΢ЦСǧԺΪҸ磬óƺˣ
ǣ磡Сǧ;͸Ŀڣ۾ֱϲ
ҶʣǧͼһεƷʷ
Сǧ죬һ᣺ǰΪ˼ӵЩԷ򣬾̺Բ࣬ǰ֮壬ֻа񣬲˰ԣ

һİ


677 Ϊɱ
СǧУԣУһҪץʱȥ꣡
һ˼Ի֮ҶͼСǧֱһˣҶ˵ʱ̫󣬶ҪȻûоͻڴȡΣϾһΣȥսһҡ
֪ҪμӾɱԸʵǿػ߸޷ģʵϹʩչһֽѣСǧҶᵽɱɰһĨ԰
ν飬Ҷ𺳾Сǧ֪
СǧȻͦţܸܵһģٺ٣СǧҲʱգ˴ʱϹͥǿߣҪͬһͬѾ֮ɽ籾Դ˲Ų벻мͥΪ飬˵ͥǰ̫˽þ֮Ϊɽͳߣѹɣϵͥ˵쿪Ƿӣûǣ
Ϲͥʲô
СǧԻ֮ʱȻһϹͥҶȸоİֺϤΪɽġͥҲͥɽ硣
ĪйֻϹͥ칬йϵ
СǧɽںܶԪԪ֮ǰڼԪϹɽ磬ΪͥһδμԪеϹþ֮ŵõչһԪЩ˾Ϳʼ齨ϹͥžʲôҲûϸ˵Сǧ
칬Ϲͥ
ҶͻȻִ۽磬ںɽ磬Ϊһˣɽ嫣ǿǳһЩ칬ϹͥҶȷ·ãԼҪ̤ɽ޴¯֮С
֪ɽܣ
˼һᣬҶȱСǧУһ̣Ҷȸоռ˵ûоͷؿռ䷨򣬼ԴҶȸоɵۣҲܽѹһͿԴ߶СǧԽ޿ռ䣬ֱӴɽ磬Ҳ⡣
һ̤ɽ磬õͼʱǧͼǱȼַ֮ڡҶȵȲõͼʱﶼȥãȥ٣һͿ˲Ϣ֮䴩ɽ硣
Ҫõǧͼ϶ǳףҶҲȥ룬ʩչ֮ͨȥ
ʮҶȾѳƽ̨գһƬ֮䣬ҶȾͱƽ̨ڴʯ𺳡
ƽֱ̨һƯ½һֱǧʯÿһʯ֮ϣһ̨ƯһʥĽ꣬ƽ̨֮بϢÿʯʯʣһɡ
ڲʯ֮ϣҶȾͼ̨֮ϣһŸ֣볤һģһġԼ֣ѽѷ֣˱ͬԼɱ˲ԼΪʬ壬ҲгɹȡߣҪôȥȡһҪôڻָ
⡢ޱϢУûκΣգ겻⡭
ҶͷӦޱӡꡢϢУ㲻ٵˣ̷߿ա
ҵһƽ̨棬ͳƯĽȥ
սʤԼҾҪսһ
Ҷһ꣬Ȼ̨ķȻӣγһռ䡣
ৡ
ھԶڽΧȻһϹ⣬ʱΪΣҶɫۣģߡʶһģһ
ػߣȻһģһġҶȡ˼ɵֵĿػߣڳҶǰ
ɱѵնɱңԽô򵥣ǽ֮ڣʲôܣػ֣߳ҶȵЩʧ
ΪΣ
ɱɽ磬ɲμӣͶȻӴʼ;ز̨֮ϣֱӼػǰҶȵЩʧ
ھ޶ħֽ棬ֵõݴǧͼǧֻϰԪ֮ͻʮףЩջҲҶȴա
Կػߣõ꣬Ҷ˵ֻСһ
ƽڲ
ৡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ػߡҶȡ˫ֺһһϹŰ֮⣬ͻͻر仯ҶǰȻ仯ǻþǻþʵĴڡ
ȻѪӿҶȷ·ֻصһμǰ㳡ѪɫģɱⲻеϢһѹѹ͸Ķ硣
磬ҶеϤǵֲǵ
ء
ͻȻһµѪˣѪδ֣ҶȾͼػͻȻ߳ץѪͳûһڣоͶһѪ֮ңΧҲӿһѪħΣȴû
⡭
Ҷû뵽濴ƽļ̨Ȼֻ棬ͻأ̫죬ҶһЦǻ󣿡
ҶΪʶѵ֪ͻȻ仯ֻʩչͨƻ־ⶼǿػֶΣþʵ־նɱߡ
У
ҶȲмһˣ־ǿ󣬶ֻþںֻԽѪ֣ػ˺÷飬̫ĿģǾˣ־ͱˣһֻѪ棬ȻѪʬҶֱŴ
һֻССѪʲôһжǿػ־ֻҪ־һйǼ
͡
ڴʱֻѪͻȻӿٶȣ˿Ҷֱۣ͵ҧȥҧҶƤ

Ҷʹ÷һƺ𣬾ȻѪ治ǻ󣬶ʵڵĿңӲҧƣҪ֪Ҷȸ߼ͽɵۣô᲻ɴݣȴһֻССѪҧƣ
ͣ
͵رϢҶȺݺݻץѪ棬һѪըҶȽɫѪӿҶͳͳģѪʬ嶼⡣
Ҷüͷһ壬ѪҧƵ˿ڣ˲ϣķɶ⵽ô£ǻþһжʵģܣһƬӡôʵ磿
ʵ̫Ҷ
磬ϹѪһͨϹͥЩǿУӵѪߣ˵Եа壬ͨʱ˶ɽ磬ΧЩѪħѪʵģɽԵ壬ΪѪħҲѪߣ
Ҷȴ󾪲ʱȴڴСǧ
ԵҶǴˣȴˣǵ˵Ǿɱ˵ްо
ˣجΣκεʣ˶Ƕ˵
㡭
ػ߳˲ѪѪ֮ΧȻһĵѪ棬鳤ԼһףײжҶȣΧӿʮͷѪħߴһɣȫͨ졣
ػƣĽ׽ӽףѪħȻǵ˵Ĳػߵȷģʵ治öԸ˲䣬ҶȾ͸оһս޷⡣


678 Ѫħ־
ء
ػΧЩѪ棬˶飬ڼҶͬҪ̳ƵģֱС
ٿ
ػ߾ͬаҶȣͻȻƱѪķۣѪħһ㣬ץסѪ֮ʮѪħҶֱӴ̳һ
һȻݻû̺ͨȴ̺Ľװһ̣͸оѹȶ
Ҷеʵƣһ֣ػģҶʵɣȻʩչҲǴﵽҶǿ״̬
һҪɽʩչ񷣬˫ǹˡ߶ֻ·һ
޼ս
ȻýҶȻҲҪһ־ץ޼ս˲ɱĿػߣ֮Խ
ϣ
ѷâཻ֮һײ춯أֻս¡¡Ľƿ
ٿٿ
նԽȻʵҶûռƣػҲδܣҶȶһԼָо޷˵Ҫսʤң˵ļ򵥣ĵĿ־廹Ǵڵġ
ػ߽أֱӣһȴ裬˽һýɱģػ߲ǿܣƺ˼룬ͻȻһֱ̣ҶҪ
Һÿػֻģʵģͨ
˼򵥣ҶȼǼɵǰңͬȸֽ֣ʵ൱Է޷սԼԼ޷սʤ֡
ͻأĽҶȶܣֻǶԿµĻЩѪħҶȷǳͷۡ
ͣ
ҶȽȻȲֽߣǽҲǲģػ߽ΣԼԸ㣬һֱѪħȻҶץһᣬݺԾһѪħࡣ
аѪѪħ˲ƺиʴԣգһӡʴһ
û뵽ԵѪߣѪ벻Ĺ֮治У
Ѫ˹죬ҶҲҪѪϣѪҧѪҪɾ޴˺
ҶһĻˣ޼սγΪѪħ˶䣬ȴû뵽˿̾ˣֱײ
ֻдܿػߣЩѪħŻʧػ߼Ѫħǿֲֲÿһô䣡
һ֣Ҷȶо޴Σ
ѪħԸңҵĺ⣬Ѫ˵Ǿ֣ɱȻÿ
Ѫħ׺ݣҶȾЦˣһˣԸѪħ϶ʮѣ÷ԶԸҶȲͬӿʼѪ壬Ѫ˵ĲƷ
ҪɴѪħɱ˿ػߣһʧҾ͹ˣ
Ҷһ˫ִһֻͳ˲ӿ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣѿػѹУ޷նɱնɱͲܶɹ
ȻҶҪĲնɱִߣѹΪʧȥĹǣſԷѪɫռ
ͳͳɣ龻֡
ҶȾȻʩչ龻֣סȻͲѪħԿֻʮѪħͻͻͻצҶȹЩԸʴӲʵѪҲ͵سҶȷӿ

һֻֻѪħ龻ǰͿʼ龻֣龻ּ᲻ɴݣֻھ𶯣ͬʱҶ˫һ֣龻־תѪʼȡ龻֡
ţֱӱҶڣԭҪԸѪҪԸҶڣ̺κεǰ޷

ѪͬˮӿҶѪ͵ֱӹඥϼӳֽҶڣȥҶͻɾɾѣ̤ɾ֮С
л龻֣Ѫħ޷ƻһ龻ֿԾѪеа־һһĨɱ
ҶЦѪ֮б̺ѪѪħа־ӿͻͨѪˣһ־ڻ龻ǰҪ
Ҷ̣ѾﵽʼͷŽ֮УҲڷա
ȥҶȷǵóԳ
Ǻ£ܲһֱҶȡ
أ
һĻҶͻȻѪɫռ䣬ӿһѪѪӤҪǸճӤҪǼĺӣҪôɷѪѪֱֳָϰ٣ͳҶɱ
һ˲䣬ҶǰѪħѪӤɱԼѪ֮УѪһסЩѪѪӤҪԼ˺ķѡ
ȻѪɫռ־Ӱ죬þ־ʱ·һ
ҺԪӿһ£ͷΰ⻷Ҷȴӻ֮ѹʱ͸о龻ҪƣѪѪӤѪħŸֵǹŻ龻һҹ
Ҷȴ˿룬ңѪ
Ѫʥɱ㣡
ҲҶ̫Ѫڿռ֮ϣһ־ȻţͻΪһ޴Ѫħ־ݺݵһƣҶץ
־
ߣ־Ϊ־Ϳѹң־֮У
ҶȿɲǵǸ°ɣ־Ƕ۾־նɱߣ̴߶Ԫ߶־Ȼһ־֮У˸Ե籩৵һ£ͻأֵѪħ־նȥ
䡭
־ѪɫײʱظƵģ𵴲ҶͻȻüͷһû뵽ᴥ־Ҫȥǻᾪǿ־
Ҷվһץ龻־ͲˣѪѪħѪӤʱҶȡ

ҶһͳԱߣ߶ͳӾವһ»Ϊ⣬ӿҶ֮УţͼػײеسҶȴ̳Ѫ̫֮Ѹ͡
ʵʱ޿̶ڱ㣬ܣȴûǱſ£ҶֱӳѪָ֮һץ
꣡
ݺһץȻֱӰӵĽѪ֮ץ÷飬һʯңɢ䵽ǡ
䣡
ҶһֱӿԽաһȭͻڿػţ˱㱻ɳȥڲϼ

ʱѪħѪӤѪֳҶ׷ɱʵëȻĵǶҶ˵ֱںޣûѪħɱҶһͳڻɵĿػϷ
ͣ
ʧɣŲңܶѣ
һ죬˻Ʊ˸׹֮ҫҶĿȻһݣΰԳȫſػžһơ
¡
ﵽ׵ڿػ֮ϣʱͱըһƬɢƯǡ
ڣҶȫоգĨɱ˿ػߡ
ֶǸԸƽ˻ԣԸңֱǰװװ͸ңҶȱ˫֣ŵǿػƬڣ˿Щ׼ѪħѪѪӤ׷׻ٶȣʼ


679 ϹŵĽ
ػ߾ѪɫռзԴͷҶĨɱӶʧѪɫռڶữΪһա
ػ߹մѪʵҪսʤҲҪǧν֡
ŵһʧˣѪѪħѪӤ׷ڲѪɫռҲʼŤΪһƻȥ
ĨɱػߣմѪʹﵽʮ۷壬ʱͻƴɾһ뿪֮ţҸطͻƣΪɾƻӦʮ־ˣ
ӲģΪѴﵽ״̬ҶɽޱߣԽᣬҪһƬոأҪͻƴɾס
һʴѪɫռʧϼ̨֣ķһ籣ţǽ˸ŶĿҫҶǰ
̶꣬꾭һΣսһعΪľǰ꣬ҶεҡҡͷʮӴ󲿷Ϊ˶ɥΪɹɽ磬صţõصΪӢӣһ졣
οڰģȴö
ꡭ
ҶƯǰ߽꣬ʥ͸һ˿˿ɫģΪ꣬˶Ҷȳһץ
ಣ
ͻȻҶȸոմ꣬ͻȻչͻȻΪһһɸ㻭澹Ȼ¼һϹ
޽塭
ҶüͷȻɨϹҶȾ;ˣ޽ɣںܶԪǰɽ֮УڵϹǿߣ޽ɣڹż֮ҲأҶȻЩԶ֪ʶй˽⡣
˵ԶżԪǸɽʱϹɽΪǿľۣɽƿط򣬵ɽһ½磬޽ɾ֮£ǿɽס
νһ֮£֮ϣɽһʵۣӵ
û뵽ԶŴ˵ʵġ״޽ʮֲȻֻȰ˼֮󣬱ھżʮɼ֮£ϧ״޽ƺֻд󲿷֣һûм¼ΪΣ
Ҷȣϼ¼֮¶Ĵ޽壺ѵϹŵ״޽沿ʧˣ
ΣҲУҲղϹǻ۽ᾧ޽ʺϸոճɵУʧΪһŲ½ֵУ
ͻȻ仯ӿһϹžѧҶҲǴһôҲ뵽֮󣬾Ȼ˿ĽֲôðҲҪ̤֮ţԭԪ֮Ҳ
ҶϰѴ޽¼ǲһ¼֮󣬽ƺҲԣӦʲôʲôȻϹ⣬ʼ˸ҶԽԽĿ£ȻҪһӡ
ɣһϹһӣ꽱Ҳ̫˼飬ֱڸֱӹඥܹ
ͻ仯ҶȺ켤ͣ٣ʼýһʣһɹҶû뵽ǣǳһϹʧţҪӿһӣ
ֲã֮ΪŲμӣô֮𣬼ֱ˫գֻҪֶͨвڰװ׼ô
ǰţͷ˵ϹµĲƸ
֪ӣﵽ̶ֳȣɽӣҲһ¡
ŽҪγɵӣҶȼڴְγɺͻȻѽ󲿷ʱҶȾҲ̲סŴͿǰϢǿʢӡ
ΪӾȻһֱս⣬˸ƣĽơ
˵ĺɹͨԣһ̰ɣмǣԾͥϽ
ӳһ̣ȴǻָԭ״Ľ֮УһҶϤţͷˡ
ͥ
ͻȻðҶȻڰ䱸ʧǿӾԶҶȣҶȴü˼⣺Сǧ˵֮Ϲͥƿأ£ˣĪǣͥǾ֮űϹ
ҡϢ̺һ޵־־֮жҪŶԾͥ޸жƿؾ֮ŵĴڡ
һƺҪץסʲô޷͸ˣԼΪδӴɽǿߵĵز̤ɵ۾ʱɽĿһֳʲôͥ칬ȵȡ
ԴӽӴ֮ţҶȾ͸оڤڤ֮Уһ޷Ԥ֪ʱգɽδٻ
ӣ̺ȫϹϢںڣһڶӵϹϢȷʵǺñǸӦػģҵʵʵ൱򣡡
סӣҶȸоޱߣȫҪǿ̫࣬Ľ۷壬ףҶû뵽μӾɱһĽӡ
ҶںϣԽ׵һͻƴɾҶһӣֻͻͻﵽ˵زӣҶȼٰС
ৣ
ҶΪʱָƽĽ꣬ͻȻڻΪһϷ˸ϹģԸܵϹ־𣬾Ϣ˸ʣʱᱬһ
֮޽ɷ
ҶȻһץѽϹŷץģȻоӵпԻ׵Ϣ˵һͿնɱ׸֣ףҶȶĵ
֮ţϹžͥͥǳ£ֳֶһţҲʹ͵־øͥɽߣͷ־Ǿ֮
̫ȻҶԺУصľֱͥǾްԣʲôֶ졢ʥɽ϶ѣֻ˱ϢѣʼǴ޽壬һĽ׿׵ӣһ
ͥǲƴ֣ҶȿΪɽްԵֶΣֶʲô޷ȼ硣
۽磬˴۽磬ҶȺȻо֮ǰǾܣʶֶͥΣ֪ɽ粻ֻ칬ƿؾ֮صľͥ
޽ɷԵҵľݣһʵԶԿ߽һССǧɽ죬Ҷȥãɵ۶޷κңҵõǧͼһüɵ칬
סһֶΣ޽ɷͥĹԷ

ڽ껯Ϊ޽ɷȻ󳹵ʧΪһգ̨Χ翪ʼʧҶȽӦķڵˣޱӡꡢϢ̸Ӧ
ͻʮףǿ־Ӧ


680 ŵ޶ħ
ֻһ¡޷ȥڶꡭ
Ž绺ʧҶһɨͼ˳ھ޴ƽ̨֮ϣһʱ䣬ȴ־ʱޣֻһ¡
һ£ꣿ
ֱ췽ҹ̷Ҷȶ޷һ¶꣬£ǲ⣬Ҷ֮ǰмƻڶˮƯ
ȡΣΪһҲҪΪֶһɽ磬õᣬֶ۱ˣϣΪ״ӣΪ״ӣҶȵӵһƣηչʥ⡣
ݡ޶ħ֣κμƻˡ
Ƕһ룬ҶȴЦú㣬ݡ޶ħпɳĮ磬õݴǧͼͼ飿һʧȥλǧͼͼտ϶֮ţȻǾͥ
ôҶҪռͼ飬õǧͼܡ
ǧͼͼ飬νҶξ֮ջӵСǧͼ飬ڿռȫһ̨ףһʩչСǧ߽׸˲һɽɵ۾ͷҲ޷˺Ҷȡ
ͼ鲻˼
ʲô޽塢ӡ޽ɷЩԴȥã˵ʹǴǧͼͲһ˻Ƶʱ꣬ɽ֮һ֮ţһȼ
֮ǹǧͼһռ䷨ռ籩ءġ
ಣ
Ž糹ʧҶȾʹ߶ƾһ
Ҷ֣
ʮ֮ңƽ̨ƺһսڻָеޱˣͻȻӦһϢʱվ
ߣٶҶȡ
Ҷ˳ɹ
Ҷһ쳣໥ʺ򣬶Ҷȷ˶ɹǰޱӣŶޱʦ㣬̺ϢĪǣݽꣿ
ţޱΪ˼ͷʵ
žţҶаһЦڼ֮УޱΪʱ̫٣Զȡݽꡣ
ȻֶΣֲصĴ£ȻеߣܶȡͶȡֻҪɥоͺã
ĿҶȣһ˿⣺Ҷʦܣʱ־λѣ;Īⷢ£ѡ꣡
ģʦãڻ£ںƽ̨ʱȴ޶ħ޶ħСˣҲɱ֮붷ҲûֳʤҶȵѹ̼ˡ
սݣ

ޱӡ𺳵Ӷ͹ʲôˣûѵû˵ɽ磬аţͻȻɽ硣
ȻǿҶҲ˵һ⣬ʵ֪Ҷ붷֮ս϶Ǿ춯أ
ಡ
ʱһٻӰʯ
ӣޱתչ˫ӭٻӰٻӰɽѵꡣ
ϲʦãȻȡݽ꣬ʦֺѽǧĵ
ȻǾѪɫռսˣۿ˸⣺λ㣬ʦ֣Ҷʦ֣лҹģȡݽɹ
ޱ꣬οɱԶ򱶣ھѣǶɹˣžͺã
žͺãĸ֣ȴ˵У˷θ
꣬ҲǵģΪҪȥݽꣿڼ໥ο֮ʱҶȴдΪȳ⡣
ֻ֤ԼҲɽɽú÷չȥҲɽƣҲü彫Щ갵ίƳһҶȣĿģδעϸ΢仯
ҶҲ޻˵ˣ氵꣬һ磬岻֣Һƣڼ֮УΪݡ
ߣҶȰ£ͬѰߣ֮УȷʵǱȴ޵ģΪǱػ޷ģ
ټöָӵжԿĽֻܱһӵ֪ɽ˶ţʴھ֮ŸҶȵߣһֱ߽ɫ
һŮӣҪô࡭Ҷ޻˵ֹ֣Ҫʲô⣬ζԵꡣ
֪ҶˣһֱĬȥ
䣡
Ůһգ֮ʣȻֹգһħɷͬĢһ˶Ӷȥ
ޱӶһۣħڳ֡
ħ
ҶüҺȻᣬĿͷţ־ɨȥͻȻһݣֲϤԭ޶ħڵڣҲȵλʦãø޶ħԹ̫֪λʶҪɱ֣
ޱջ⣬֮Уز¶ǱҶȣҲֶ֮Σ޶ħһˣмʮħϢħ˵ţɽħһ
ħţߣ޶ħǴӶݿУ֪ɳĮ֮У˷СˣöݣΪѣҪ㣡ҶȲŲޱɵֱӷӶȥ
ҲҪ⣬ˣޱӡһɫ󣬲ףΪҶ֪ħžۼ֮أҪһȥ
ߣ
˱ѣٳɣȥҶʲôˣεʵЦ޶ħ군ˡ
ɡЩʦ֣Ҳȣ
һƬʯĿգһɽƯգʮħˣ޶ħΧӣΧȣЩһħ޶ħͷ
ƺûá޶ħһɨӵ⣬޼ɵȫ
ӣΪ޶ħָ֣ովһս޶ħһɽħ֡
޶ħֻһ
޶ħ㵱ˣ
ڴ˿̣ΧЩţηηţ˭Ҳҵ޶ħħһ֣ڴ˿̣һµߣһӰ۶
Щħ֣󾪣޼ڣ
㣡޶ħͻȻֹɫһӰ߳һλ꣬ٴС
޼ھţħţЩħˣʱŰ֣һɽĿ⼸ڰϡ
ˮͷһ沨غһϢӢϹЦݣӢٷ綼޷ݣòںһ𣬸ϵɶ칤Ľᾧ


681 ŵķâ
ɽ磬ִСɶţë
һȴָ
ֶ졢ʥɽšޱڡ޼еף׷޼֮ռš
ôɽ֮ӣɽ죬ɳΪһۣĪǻΪУ޶ħɭɭȴǰһ޼ͻȻð꣬ʮּɵ
ˣǺǶʮλħţҲɰ
ʦ֣ɱλӣ
ħͽ˵ö֮ûϣʦ֣Ϊǳͷѹħ棬ǶͬħУ
ҵȽԸʦ֣Ϊġ
޶ħħȻҪԸӣԭͰѹòҳͷħͷڲͬɽĴɣųΪĹǣ˶ħ
ȻЩ˴󲿷ֶΪʽ飡
˭֪־ǳɣ̤ɽ磬Ʊ޼ھӢӣɳΪۼš
лֵܣҽöж
ħ룬޷ǰ˵ӣҲϣڳϣȴҲֻȣ޷һ¡
Ϊһ£޶ħħ֣ͻ˲֣
Ϊ۹壬ǧΧ˿λʦòõģҶͬˣҳħ磬Ҳնɱħ֣ǧҪ£ҳܶˣ
֣ҪΪУ޶ħһͫһɱɭɭĿ⣬ƺ綾Ǳ
ȴЦΪħɵܳΪѣһϺȾƲɣ޶ħǸ֣ڴ˶λŮʦó֣ⲻеķ緶ɣ
ħκУˣ˺Ůˣ˶˵ɽ֮Уҵǽ㽻֣Ƿ˵
޶ħָħ档
޶˺Σգ
ͻȻӺħ֮У߳һİСĺ췢꣬ݣ϶Ǻڰߣһʮаħ
һ꣬ȴû˿ħƣǸز꣬ģһڰɵƺۣΣ˫ͫûһ˿
֣֡޶ħȻס췢꣬һݹ˵˼䣬췢Ҫת
ȵȣҲħˣ
Ǿһ۾Ϳǲĺ췢꣬Ȼ޷ȴʶţҲһͷˮħôͻȻðһ
ħȵĲħҺڴһսҪСħˣ㲻һսʤ޶ħ֪һžصĺ췢꣬ƺܿĲֻ˵˼䣬صħӪ
һ𣺡ħȣ
ܰħɽûţΪλ
ĪħȣҲҪֱӴӾɽɣ
żŶ䣬ΪħǾɽħھɽ£δйڣħȵӣȴ϶ħе½緢չ
ֲáħħȣúãҼסֵˣǲɽ磬Ժڸɽ磬ٽְɣҲɽħڸħᲢۣ׽
һǿ֣߳ɱȻŻ㼯
֣ҵȶδ𣬺αڴŪòϣ
ʱһɹаһմħ˶оаҪ־
ļ֮࣬һƳọ̈̄ܽݣ֣
Ǻǣҿйν֣û뵽ֻδϽ磬ν֮ţĳΪȡ꺬еϹȻУŤռͻȻʧʮȫ̸֣ܽʱǰ
ݣа̵һţ
˲Ϣ֮䣬˶оֹͣôˣɽ֣һһӿ֣òǻˣ֮УĽʺް
ɫҲӦóҲӦðҶһĿģΪϹ֣Īħߵ׽
عЦ˫ֲں֮Уģһˣһûа֣ʵǴ󶼲ˣ޶֣Ů뿪ǣ
ɱˣħˣҪɱ˾ɱˣѵҪѡӲɣ޶ħͻȻ֮ǰǸΪɵֵ
㡭һ䡣
ûϵ޶ħͻȻǿƣܷͬΪ֣غϣǰһǰɱѣ

ħţҪ֮ʣһɿռ֮ͻȻվһ㶼ûԤףע£λܾա
ţ
޶ħбλ췢꣬ԼݣĴǿ߶ͻأռֶΣ𺳵޷ţϢǿǰˣʩչռͨߣǺεͨ
޶ħ㵨ӲСҵѣ
žգȻһƬգӿߵӰͷߣҶȣӾδվ
޶ħ˲䷢Ƶģ㣡
Ҷ֣㾹ȻûɳĮ֮£Цˣ쳤Х
ֶ죿ʲôʱ˵ֶŵӣֻ˵ϫӡܿܿӣͼˡ
ţħ֣ͳͳĿҶϣԼޱӡ꼰ꡣ
ħλ췢꣬ٴ߳޶ħߣˡ򵥰
Сӣ󣬾޴ɳĮȻ֮޷ɱ㣬ųãΪҶϼغϣĿˣ޶ħݺħ꣬վҪ˵棬ɱ㣡
޶ħõ췢㣬Ӻ޲ðҶȳԵȻһ˫ͫȻֳħϢħںϣһԿնɱǿߡ
޶ħֶΣ
Ϊɽĸûɱﵣӵս䣬޶ħħ붾ȴ˹ħǳҲٴУΪ𾪡
ûóȻ޶ħȥǷǳȷģħţӵֶΣҪǵʱͷħҲնɱܾ˵ĵز
ҶȻҲ𾪣ȴˣ͸Ӧ޶ħо׵ֶΣţ϶õҶȳӵ߽ʵİ޶ħѹҶĿǰΪȻҪɱ޶ħܡ
ҶȼĽ׵ʵ޶ħħȴӵжԿסԤϵֵȥҶҪʩչԽĽʵҪͨʱ˵ͻݡԼħɽȺ췢죬Ϊ϶ӦϢ
ôҶȾͳΪ˹


682 ȸӵİԵ
ɱ۵޶ħҶȴȻ侲Ц޶ħ֮ǰ˵Ҷȥֻܾˣ˼˺ôģҶȻȥ㣡
޶˵Ķԡ췢ꡰħȻһһħӿ޶ħ壬ֻ޶ħŭʼʧ
ˡ
֮ʱȻӾ֮ŴһŻδӦͱսٵһΧһ£вμӶţգ֮ͱߡ
ʣ¾ǼžĶϹգ
˵ĺǣҴϹͥףǣȥɣɽչǵĲŻ
ֻо΢΢һۣ𺳵ؼվţͷģԶţͷˡ
һϹжɹţʹӾ֮ŷɳգھ֮Źر֮ʱһ꣬Ȼ˸һйģޱڣΡ
ţһۡƺƯӰسڽ֮¡
ȻξɱһޱڣΡ
һʱ䣬жŶ񣬶·ЩųҲͷ⡣
ܻȡһνΪɽ۵ţǳޱڵӣȡһɡ
ӡÿԺ
λʦãʹ˱ǿڣһϷãҶȿʼ̡ӵ
Ҷʦ֣лȣǷģ
λӴŸӱˡ
ҶȽſޱӡ꣬ȭλҾڴ˷ֱ𣬵ȴҸʱúۣ
һ𣬹ͬʮֲᣬǸԻعʥɽɽҶҲֶڷ
Ҷ֣㿴͡ϫܿܿˡˣ˴ɽ˺֮зɳֶϰλ鷨ߣȸнȴ
͡ϫܿܿͻع飬Ϊֶ鷨ӵƺ˶в֡
Ҷû¾ͺã
뼸λ鷨ӭҶˣʺһһֶͬ죬鷨ǰػʾףء
ֵǶɹûл˵ǸҶȡ
ܿܿϫӡͱȼվ˷ܿܿҶΪƵģһмǶҶȣƺ;ҶȲӦû֮߳š
ֶ죡
ڴʱһɭɭƣһɹѹѹһƬ
ɱڣ
Ŀһݣ֣̾鷨վ
ɱѵ
ֶÿˣŵҪȴֻҶ鷨ߺ󷽣˶һۣˡ
ҶɱɱʮţʱЩſ϶֮ͨͨɱڸȡϵȻҶɱǡ
ɱڣˣ̫ͻȻ˵ȸ߲㣬һͷˮȴ˿ɱڡ
ɱһڶɱڸ߲㣬ΪĽ֮зҲбǶһͬǾޱɱ·ֶ죬Ųݵ
˵ɱڽٸ֣䳰ɱڣҪ鷳
ɱ߳һλ׷ߣȴɱ罣˼żɽȳ⣺ֶиӣΪҶȣաɱֶ콫һѪս
Ҷʦܣ
ɲǼ䣬ɱ׼һֶеӣ׷Ťͷĩ˵ҶȣףΪɱڻš
Ҷȣ
ɱڸֶ֣Ŀ⣬˲䲶׽Ҷȣ׷ɱۣر֮λɭɭгݵСӣɱɱʮλţѪ𣬲ݣ
ʲôɱɱʮλţ
νһﾪ죬ֶÿˣǹˣܿܿϫӻͣ־ɵҶȣƺЩţҶʵһնɱɱвš
Ҷֶβ֮Уеһ񲻵ųɹɱس˾Ļ
ɱôѵɱĲԣҲ˵ɱɽ࣬˵ܲվűɱɣҪɱңѵҲɱʲô֮ôţʬҰѵÿɻҪΪ˶һ
ֶˣԼɱһ֣Ҷȴ䡢˵ȫһͨӡ
򵥣ɲǼ䣬ɱڸ־ƾҶƣ֪Ҷɱˣġ
ϱãҲܣɱڣܳⰵҶȣϷҪȡС
׷ߣ˵꾹ȻϢʩչɱ֮Ҷȡ
ͣ
ڰ׷߸ոշɳʮɣδﵽֶ򣬾ͱһͻأֵɫٻӰһָһ㣬ͰѰ׷ͷ­һ
׷ͬһ⣬ն󷭹

ɱһΪﵽĽǿߣȻͱͻȻһӰ׵ɱɱڱɱڶǶŮòҷ
ǸֶɱµģٸҷͣҰȫʰˣ
ӰֳȻһͣʹյȸӣɱ۾գ£ֱӰɱڸ֣ŵöη
ȸɱˣмɱڣתͿҶȣȻһЦǺģҶʦܣɱúãģֶװ׽ӣ
λʦ㡭Ҷȶʱƿˣû뵽ȸӾȻɱϵΪһ֣ͨӵŮת֮ȴ
ȸҶԺеӡȫ߸ֶ鷨ߣҲȸǿӲ̬ȣ塣
ɱڣ֪ôȸӷһٲߣɾҪˣ
ڴʱƺ֮УһȸͬȴڵĴܣͷ𵴰ֱϯɱڡ
޼ڣߣ
ɱڰ裬ҷȻתͷˡ
лʦпʦûŸлȸƺ֮ܿУλ޼ڵĴܡ
ӿλʧӰ١
ɵۼЩˣţͷҶȸо̫СȻλö޷ʧܣ
Ҷʦܣɱ֮ţɱģɱڸǱȥ󣬹˾벻鷨ҶǰΪɵʵ
ǧΧʦ֣ʦ˵٣ǲſʥɽޱӵʡֻɱ̫ţ̫ɣҪȡӵеı
⵹ã֮ǰޱͬ·
¾ŲɣΧ鷨ߣھֶžҪɽˡ
ÿ鶼ʮָӣȻֻԼ
׼ҪͨˣʱΨȸΪ侲֮ţһɢ
뿪׼ڲã֮ͷŵ⣬ѿռɣ磬ͬ峿
ͻȻأռ˲ͿһˣǾ֮Ҳʧ硣


683 ¸
ɽ磬
Ҷʮ뿪֮ǰֻһֵӻص򣬶ڽմӾ֮Żع֮ڣ򼸺ӣɽͷӿÿӶţԴ
鷨ߣʷͳͳһ׵סĽǿߣķ鷨߾Լ
һһλ᮵ȴֲ֪ܻŻع飡
鷨Ӫ֮УѰ̶һվڽ䣬ס鷨ߣλԵЩ΢޷ڡ
ѩˡͼҡˡЩڲ˶Ҫһŵӣ
Ѱ̵ǰѹ鷨֮УҲǷΪüЩӪֶڲɣʮλѩŮԱڸ̸ۣܶӶȥύСɶڼƻ£š
ȻЩɸɽΪߵӴĵɣҲһӣͽѰ鷨ߣΪ̫Ҳܡ
ͻͻͻ
֮ϣһԶȻشս٣˽磬ƿһ϶пռ󷨡ƶϹ£׷߽⡣
ʮڵӣɲǼԸĿ⿴ȥ
ӭһɹţ͡ϫܿܿҶȣŶߣϫʦã
е£ȸӵȸ߲㣬ȳ֣̼еӭӭλͨɱһ㿼顢ɹš
ţĽʺ޽£Ӱλ鷨߸߲߳Ҷȡ͡ϫܿܿˣÿһϣǹȣ·磬ֻ˴ڡ
ҶȡȻܳɹ
㳡֮У־ϲѩѰ̣˶ЩҡҡͷüͷһҶϣǶҶйѰ̣ҶŵμӴһ֤
ʵû뵽ҶȾȻɹ
Ѱ飬һлӣͻȻ첻ҡһ䣬Ϊ˴
ҶͻȻ漣ǲòȥҶȡ
ȻʶҶЩ⣬󲿷ˣҲͬĿȥҶȣϫܿܿǶ˽֪ţͻأðҶȣЩۼӿóҶƺλһ㡣
˾ع飬ӢʽܵеӻӭȻ͵ȴڲһϣſʼѰӸûʸ񿿽ǡ
ʦ㣬ҸƧĵط˵
֮ϣͷӿӿӿ½ţҶȴһ䣬һͲˡ
һٻӰʧԽһͨӰһƬգҶȸӡ
ȸȻһģѩʥ࣬ѳףɻҶȣҿѩҪ£㣬㣬ʦܣѡվһվ㽫ŷչ
ʦ˵ģҵȻףѩǸŮΪȨҵںɣҲһ²ż
ҶתһץһɷӡͳȸǰƯһö䣺жʮɳʦ㣬ҪɳʱұǣҪʨӴ󿪿Ŷ
ȸһ䣬˲ϢӴһץݺֲʧȣʦǵϲƣô㶼ǲɾ
⡭
˭ǵϲƣ˭ǿⲻǺţҶȽпεĺܣʦ㣬ҵмҪ鷳㣬ʦֻҪһ£ϣʦҰ纺ʦɽ磬æʦҪʦܣ
纺ڿɣҪȥɽ磬Ҫ׼ɽ棬ɱΣǾŮӣܵЩŵ£Īϲ纺ʦãȸ˵꣬Ȼһ
ϲʦҪô⣬Ǿǰɣ
ҶЦûм̫࣬ȸӣҲΪԸɽ磬о޴ɣɵۣ뻢ıƤ
ʦͶˡ
ɵۼȸֻǷȴȻӵгѱĿ⣬̾ЦǺӦʦܰʦæСͷģһ仰£纺ʦʲҵǿɣʱʦ㿴ó㲻һҲϣһ̤ɽ磡
ʦ㡭Ǿɣʦóʮɳϣʦ㽫ڸɽ磬ͨͨϵó䵱ɡֻҪĳЩط˵ѣüСѲ
Ҷһץһöȸӡ
ڡ¸ңȸץס䣬ȻϬ
Ǻǣʦô룬Ǿ͵ǻ¸ɣܻ¸ʦ֮ãǲǣʦ㣿ҶȵЦ
ѽ㣬ðɣԺ¾ͨʦǣ֪˲þҪɽ磬һᰲ纺ʦһͬɽ磡
ಣ
ȸӹȻϾҶȾǸֶΣֱˣƤǣĿȸȥҶȸоĺȻ̤ʵ٣һȥɽ磬ܶ෽ͺð¡
Ҷ̽ͨ·һƬƬǿһˣ󲿷ֵӶȥ󣬿ȥˡ
ԼʮҶȾͷɳͨһӡ֮С
ˣ
һҶȶҶ̷ɽ֮ϵ¥ͬ¥֮С
纺¥֮ϿҶȣĮϳֶЦݣôͻʮףϾҪ̤ɾ
ţҸϻץʱ䣬̤ϸɽ֮ǰʵߵ۷壬Ȼһͬ½磬Ҫȥʱ䣬ȥҵĹ翴ҶȺȻ¥ݣ纺һͬ뿪¥羰컵ɽɢ
ȻȻɽ֮УҶҡҷǲ䣬ɽ͸ҷδй泩纺ȻҶ壺Һܺ棬Ϣ֮У̺һƮռ䷨ϢĪǡȥμӾɱõʲôñˣ
ʲô㣡
纺ŽΪ֮ͨһ¾ͿҶо޴仯Ҷ֣Сǧ纺㣡
ǣ
ֻҶȻճڣƺһӰȲɳǹͷɰཱུСǧһ̾ͳȥס纺ȣ̵ĺӣ纺㣬ǣСǧϲ㣡
ˣ
֪û纺ڣҶȾ͸Сǧӹһ£ĿݺݣõĲѧѧģ
ôӣСǧ㿴ʹʹ
纺£ʼذСǧڼҴ㣬һƳҶȣҶΪͻȻҪСǧôɰĺӡ
Сǧ֪ڳԴףСǧȻù龫Ȼʧͻأس纺󣬳ҶС
㵹ǸСƤ
ҶȻû뵽ͼСǧƿɰȴǸ龫ˣСһȥƽʲôһתҪҵطͻƴɾṩʵ
纺ʵҺܺ棬ͻƴɾܲնɱǶ۾
ɱܣǶ۾ǿֲΪֹȻҶľɵۣԴĸ߶ȡ


684 ɣ1
Ƕ۾Ҷ̤ɽ磬һܵľͷ
Ϊɵۡ
ɽɵۣһξѪͿԸһǶ۾һ־֮նɱκӸɽ磬ʩչ־֮ɱɽǿС
纺֮꣬ͱǶ۾ǹ꣬һδ׷ɱ纺ʵڲףߵ졣
ȻҶҲǶ۾һɵۣ㱻סɵۣҶȶôͻ߽׻ɵۣȥ֮󣬰Ƕ۾Ϊǿʵ
ϧҪɱһɵۣѡ
纣ģǶ۾Q˼죬ٶȣ̤ɵۣҲǧȥ㣬ֻҪɵۣɱʱܣƽܸоǣͬ죬ĳ֣ܾΪߣһϤܣҶһ
Ҷת纺Ժ纺֮ܵĥĲ̡
纺Ϊ˼ƺҲע⵽ҶȺȻ仯˿ҲȲҪ˽ܣ֪ҵݣ½ԭǶ۾ҲŲ֮ΪҶ޷ǣɽ磬ȥƽǣ
Ҫ군ģ
Ҷ纺ֺӣȻһֱ纺ǣ֣һ·ıͼСǧСǧҸ֮꣬أҪɽ٣
򵥡
СǧֻĿһƬǹ⣬嫿ռ䣬ͫÿ飬񷣬ǵ˸κСǧָҵˣھ͹ȥ𣿡
ڣҶȺܹϡ
Ȼֻͼ飬ͼ𣬵һԴռ䡭СǧĪ˾һҶ纺ͱ仯סˡ
εǿ磬һ޴磬󷨡ӳ֣Ҷͷ֣κνƶȻһ϶һʱȣףûգ۾˲Ϣ֮ͳһƬͷɽȺǰ
ôͻȻʹϢĻ磿
Ҷ纺һۣ˾ͫǾͫκϢδӦƺôƾն
磬纺㣬ôʲôϧСǧڣǴɽ磬ɽ磬Ҳȥɴ󣬴Ӿɽ絽һɽ磬Ҳǻʱ䣡ٺ٣СǧɣСǧ˫ֲ·һ󹦣ҫ
Ҫ취ǴʱգѴǧͼõ֡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȶСǧ࿴ǧͼͼȫԽ󣬴Ƴ棬ֲָõ磬СǧǰҲǵȻ޴档
Ȼӵͼ飬ٶСǧȥˣȫܽʥ磬ҶȾӵͼĻ֪ȡȫ̶ܽټϴ
ʣͼһǱ롢ߵľҶ˵绢һʱꡣ
纺ʱѾ⿪ַӡ߽׵ԸܵһһطȻߣɽ˶Բﶼֵò㹻ͻƴɾ
ھ֮ŶȡٺöϰöԪ֮һĽ۷ӣһԶԿ׵Ĵ޽ɷδɽ٣Ҫܶպöӣṩ
ҶȸȻ治Ƕɽ֮أպӵӣڻ㹻ɽ٣纺纣ָСǧһͬȥУԶСǧ˵Ҳѵõƽٳɹȥ㣡
ţ
纺Ҳ裬Ҷ߶һɽɫ⻷ͳֳ纺ǣСǧ˲Թ⻷⻷ӿҶš
졭
Ҫʼ׼ɽ٣Ҷգ߶򣬶ʱͬˮݵչһɽȺ
ƬضǺڻɫɽҶرߣܶҲ㣬һ籩Ҫ١
ȼհɣ
̫¯ˣҶȿʼ߶̫¯ֻһ¯ȼ̼̫¯ȻҶ֪ɽҪɽ֮󣬸Ҫóʯ¯ȼա
ˣʯǻӦ壬ѡҶҲ⡣
˿̿ȥ̫¯ȼգ·ǻɽȺΨһĻɽȼգ
ҶȲżϾͷɽ٣Ҫ洢ﵽһ̶ȣſʼƽ٣һٴ١
ξɱ岻Զȿȥ̣Ҵӵõ俪ʼעǣҲ֪ǰʲôûайؾϢ
֮ʱҶ˼һ㣬ȻҪɽ磬űȥɽ꣬һͬ½磬عɽ֮󣬷չʥЩҪ֮ҶȲȥ̡
ΪߣҶȷѹصŷһӾҪҪֶڲҪȥʥһ̤ɽ磬ٿֱӴɽָɽ翪ʼʥ
ʥΪߣɽԪ尣ɽ緢չҲôһջҪҶȼͷ
ˡ
ȻҶȵĴ޽΢΢һʣֶ
Ҷ֣㲻ڵ
Ҷóƣ˸һɻ
Ҷͨ󷨣˵֣Ҵʮܻص£ǲŸ߲㣬ӣɽʱޣ
˼ƺһͣŴ𣺡ֵһ¾׼߲ͨ飬ڲúҲʮ깦ɣҪɽ磬ɽޣһͻصϫʦþֱ̤ɽ磬Ϊ״ӣ
Ҷһ㶣ϫӾΪ״ӣ˵ôһʸɽ磬Ϊ״𣿡
ϫӣҶȾôŮǸˣΪ࣬Ҳֶ̺ΣҲᳬԽֶţҶȸûϫӾȻΪ״ӡ
ܿ촫Щɻ󣺡û֪ô¡߲˵ϫʦھ֮ڣƺõһϹűϴۿУΪ״ӣǼɽһ½ı
ҵĴ޽壬ȲϫõıȻ֮һ漣֮ϫһλţܳԽʮڵӣֶʮڵӱ
Ҷ룬ҡҡͷ֣û뵽һ죬ϫô״ӣϫڵλȸʦҲȲˣ
ȸʦùཻҲδУйϵֵܣЩںܶ൳ʹߣҪ㣬ͼҶܸȤ
һͳʧˡ
ͼôͳ꣬ң̤ɽ磬ѩػܵͼѣ̤ɽ磬Խˣ
Ҷȳ˼ЩȻһݣʼ׼ͷ׼ɽ١


685 ɣ2

Ҷ˫ִһӡںӡһһ⿪ͬͻʼֱС
ǿγɵҶȣΪףȼգ޴ҲʼԺ
űڻϿգӿѹѹɷᣬҶһ֪γɣż򣬷׼ɽ١
γɣҶȱʵ֮òңϸ㼯һ㣬۳硣
ɷʵѹأѹ򣬽ɷգӿְɫơڶѹ͸ŷǰ֮УʲôħͷҪϢ
ܿ찵ƣγհƣ硢ٻҲٶĩҪ
һδεطƣҷ籩ԿȾ֮ǿֲռ籩úƶ˺ѣһ֮γɷ籩ϵؾʣƺѰĿ꣬и߿ջɱ
ɽٱһδ٣ҵĴɽ٣ͣ˵һҪƣǿֲػǰ̬ģʵ仯٣ɽ٣Ҷˣ
ҶվƯ֮Уӡ׼ãϻ̫¯𵤵ȵȰɽټҪҲ㹻ˡ
Ϊͻƴɽ٣Ҷ׼ú
߳߳
Ϳתһ׶񷣬һףž飬䡣
ݡ
һٳˣŽ׷ڣһٴӽ֮аֱŽ˶˽ٻȵȣŰƣڽ£ŭޣҶ뷵ϯ
һʮߵʥǹͳͳ飡
̼䣬ҶȾʹ߶һ׵Ĺʥǹһٿһȥ
¡ͣ
ʥǹһ֮У۱ըֽٻ𡢽ס໥𵴣Źʥǹűը߽⡣
һ٣ô򵥹ȥˣȻʥǹҶѰʮҲǿͰѵһ

ŵһ飬ҶȾͼӽ֮УȻһεȭͷ꣬ɲǿЦģҶȶɽٺꡣ

ԽԽֱܼγɱ꣬ҵҶʩչһݱҶʱˡ
ͣ
һſŽڷ֮ϣҶȾ͸о֮У͸Ŷκɷһɿиκƣڷ֮ϣҶ͵һһſŽ꾹Ȼû㼯γɷҪ㣬иϢͿʼ˺Ѷɷ
Ҳ˵ҶȶᣬôҲᱻиΪһ飬ķѡ
䣡
ʱڶҲγɣǰ٣ɣһһӹ֮иγֲȼյİҪҶȺ
һν£ôֱľ
ҶȸоԽԽϱɷģѣֻʩչǿʢӳַýȥյùҶȡ
޼ս
õӳ֣γ֮ƣҶһץһâɵ޼ս٣Ҷ̴߶Ŀڽ١
ʧɣ
Ҷһݣӿʱ̻Ӷ޼սһ׹⽣ͷ콣ն֮ƣٻȥ
ݡ
߳߳
ÿһ׹⽣٣ͰиҶӳʮγ׹⽣籩ڽٵ٣ϯϡ

׹⽣籩ֱޣ޶ޣ𺳣׹⽣籩ʼ𵴣ɢõǡ
ڶ٣ĵѾͲ١ôγɣ
Ҷھ֮ţѪɫռѪɶԸ٣ҪԸ֮꣬һ˼飬ɽٲ̫̬ͣ
پ㣬ûʵͻ㲡ҪٲڣǸɣɲ󷢴ȱˡ
¡¡
ٹȻڰܿγɣǰִ٣Ҳӵ˼ɵ
ٿٿ
Ǿӿ޼ս֮УԻڶٵ״̬޷Ը٣ڸı䣬ҶҲע
𣡡
޼ս۴׹⽣ڱҶֱӶһһ׹⽣籩Բ򣬾γˣɱȥ籩Բͷŵƣնɱǿߡ
˶ɴɽ٣ҲǴɵȼҶȶɽ٣ȴ죡
䡭
׹⽣籩ϣսסողµ٣ʱ׹⽣ݺᣬиʼ١
˻˻
˿̣֮УٶȼյĽٻҶ⣬ͷɷ໥ȻγһֿµĺɫֱӸʴҶȻ㡣
˹
Ҷ۾˶һ˼飬޷ŽٻںϵȻ죬ͬħǶֱӸʴ㡣
ҶȽп಻Ҫһ˵ѹڷӣһ㻹Ҫࡣ
Һ֮У籩װѵ٣ȫշѹиƬȥ
ȻپͿʼӾ޴͵ĵ٣ͻأĳֳ
ҺҶȾһδ٣ɣִ߶ڴ޼ս֮УһαҶʩչ޼սֶϵշڣܿһ޴籩ֳ
䣡
٣ؽ籩ĵ٣ǿ屶ֱֹս٣ջδ÷ͱҶȴĽ籩ײ
ݣݡ
һʱ䣬콣и
֮У׹⽣ʼ׹⽣ĵٿʼ໥˺ҧ˭һտռ˶Щ飬ʵҶﵽԽĵز
ͬʱҶͷŴӳֻԸٻںϵĿֲƲôֱӣͣȴҶȿɲ뱻ֱӸʴ
õӳ֣Ҷȴʹ࣬Ĺһ٣һرһر̬˭Ҳ֪µͻȻ٣Ҷ˵֮ǰû׼
ɾҪһǱ³
پҶǿͨ£߽ܿˣҶüǣڰ롣
ǲҶһϢʱ䡣


686 ɣ3
١ȵҪǿ̫࡭
Ҷ٣ĵиո硢סٻ𣬱óѰľ޴󣬲Ҷüһ᣺ֻܳŵڰ١
Ҷھ٣Ĺ룬ԽԽǿ¸ӿֲ
ɴ٣ȫҶԤ֮⣬ڻһһĽ۷ӣֻҪ򣬶ɹٿ϶û⣡
ɽ٣˵Ŀ飬ҲǶԵһĥɾҪ٣ӵвģΪڣվڽ϶ˡ
䡭
٣Ϊ޴ֱɣ緭ڣȻڳҶݺ
ڰ׾
٣޼սѾ޷⣬Ҷڷ֮У߶Ԫʩչ̼ͨһݣһɹݺףգγһ
ʩչڰ׾˺嫵ķҶģȻ֪֮ǰͻʮףմѪһգҶȾÿϧɶǺòġ
һҶֻҪ֮Уʩչڰ׾÷ٶԿؼҶҲо֮Уȡ
͡
һɲǼ䣬޴һһ׷֮ϣѴѹòСʱᱬըڲͷŵĿֲȴܰ˺÷顣
ղɱ
ҶǺˮÿһι˵ѹȣϼͨʩչڰ׾ӳڷ׹֮ϣֱٺҲ͹ȥˡ
֣Ҷʩչڰ׾ֵͨ
ţ
ʧ֮ҶȾͷ֮УȻһϡ޴ӰңϢ֮оȻ͸һϹϢ
Ҷȸ𾪵ĳˣǾ޴ӰȻ֮γɣΪҶһӶǵţͷˡ
ҲǾ֮ţˡ
ô֮УôϹңţͷϢʲôҵ֮У
ٴμţͷˣҶζӳ£ʲôζУɻ󣺡Īǡھ֮մҲϹͥķ򡭡ĪǣϹͥɣں˷ͨӳɽ編֮У
ʣҶȶ֮ϵ
ٿţͷˣֻһγɵӰ֮󣬾ȻֳһŽǣţǲ࣬ȻڵٰźŽǣٵһ
صһһϹȻţͷһپͻΪһǿֱӳҶն
ᡭ
Ҷȴ󾪣ʩչǿʩչڰ׾ֻ׹˲׹
䣡
޴ںţǾ˺Ž׺ײ׹֮ϣЩֱײͿʼʧȥ˹

Ҷһڵעʩչڰ׾ӳڷ֮ϣܼٿ⡣
ͣ
׹ۺ񣬵ʼȥҶһ亹û뵽ţǾ˳֣Ѹ͡
ţͷֶˣ
Ҷؿգţͷ˾ȻڰĵغŽ֮УȻҶֱ³һݣ߸ƱǺ«״ںŽ£ع
ţͷ˾Ȼı̬ںµϹ
ɲǣҶҪԸɽ編򣬼߸ݣҶȾ֪϶ͬѰ̲ö룬߶ʣʩչڰ׾γ׹⣬ӿ֮С
䣡䣡
һݣֱײڷ֮ϣһʱͱضɽҡը÷ʼŤڶݣˣǵݡ
̫¯ȼհɣ
Ҷ嶼ݹڲ̴߶̫¯׼õں˴ʯӿҶڣҶֿʼʩչڰ׾
Ŵźڰ׾עײľ𵴡
ͷĿչһײڷ֮ϣıըʯ໥ײġ

ڵͱʱţͷ˾ȻֶˣٴδŽǣϵͬ籩ںһţͷٴδŽǣڰٽ
һ٣Ȼǰ˹ϹɵĻ棬˵Ļƺ˵ԶɽϹϢģ໥ںϣϹ뱾Ԫɽ編򣬳׵ںһ𣬾˵Ļ泯Ҷȳѹ
ϹͥȻɽ編ںϡΪΣѵϹͥںɽ編ĲǿߣΪ֮ɽ籾Դþ֮ںɽ編򣿡
ҶԽɻ飬ݲŹȥһĻݺնҶȲòվ񷣬еȫʩչڰ׾
з
ꡫ
˵Ļʱһ׹֮ϣסȻںϻطٻ׹ƺҪѴ˲һգȻҶҲΪҽ
ϧѽϧҲͷų޼˻ףֻɵ״̬ʩչԣ޼˻ףϹΣɽɽ磬磡
Ļ棬ϹϢҶȺ޲ͷųԽѹɵΥʩչɽһ磬һǰҲֻձˡ
ž߳ž߳
Ļ׹໥ȼգɣѹգҶͷųʱڿһ˿ȫӳ׹֮ϡ
ҪңҶ䳰һڰ׾ں̫һĿǰ̫ԵѹƷҪɴܡ
ȻĻ죬ɢ׹âҲʧ٣ĵ߰˰ˡ
ԭǲ붯򡭡ǰ·ɱϹŷ򡭡򣡡
һգۿھپҪ٣Ҷ̷һץȫܽϴʱ򣬳ģҶ붼룬һȥ

򿰱ףҶ֮ɸӳУȻȲھ֮ŵõĽӣҶȶɽٳɹ
Ԫ֮
ΪԤ⣬ҶóһöԪ֮ղʩչڰ׾Ĵ־Ԫ֮ԪҪĸ
һԪ֮ҶȾ͸оԪ񶼿ûĵ־ήҲɽڱ
ͬʱ֮ƺֻصȫ֮ܽʱʮλֹඥϴ࣬ϯﵽ״̬Ҷʮ㣬ô״̬Ըھءʮٴ´ࡣ


687 Ϲɽ
ڰ׾һҪǿ־ʩչͨԿ٣ҶԪήҲһԪ֮оھ֮־ֱӿԪ
ͬʱһ˲ָ״̬ѰҶʵʵ
˿̣ڰ٣Ļ֮ϣͻȻǽڣҶֿ˼һĻ
Ϲŷţͷ˾ȻվкŽʧ˫ͷѪ⣬Ϲͬȼס
ھءʮ١ӱ̬κ٣ϹٷκκΣ
ţͷ˶ҶһʤֶΣκٽ٣ʵ޴Ρ
٣϶ͬ졣
Ĳ
ţͷվɣ̫֮񷣬ֱ֣Ƿ͵һץıȼžŹͬƵģֱӶҶڵ·ݺ

ǾŹ֮ɨգȻնȼ
ھ٣ȻֱӶҳ֡ߣ˻ƣ
Ҷ̴߶޼˻ףʩչ̫һУһƣ͵ͻȻγһ޴׹ơ
޴׹ƣƿֲޣѷЩٻںϵĹ츯ʴҲ׷׸ѹΪ̣ҶֱӷգţͷѹľŵӶۣ׹⸲񷡣
񡭡
׹ţͷ˾ڰײһ𣬲Ǿ֮ĵҶڵɳȥҶڰյ׹ȴľŹʼ⡣
Ȼھ٣һ
ҪɽȺرҶȲסΣоӲģۣʧȥоͱĵÿҪ޷ƣѪӿѹȥơ
ÿֲϹŷ򡭡붷ݽ֣ʹս䣬Ҳûָо˲ˣ
ҶգŹѹư˻ƣͻƣҶȸղһƣͰװˣʩչڰ׾ּӳִһɹϰ˻ԿŹ١
ھ־˫ضԿҶȲ˺һͻᱻĨɱϹٷţͷˡ
칭
Ҷȷһץڣһ٣Ҫ÷
칭ħƷھɽ綼ҶΪߣʩչҪȷǿ򱶡
ҶȲɵӣҪԿٷǰ·ɱţͷˣôɽټֱһ˵ɵ۴٣Ȼô̬ŪЩľͼ칭Ըһ١
ٱ̬ҶҪٸ̬
Ĳ
ھٻδʧţͷ˹ȻֶˣȻſ죬ֱӰɣȻתӸ£ء
Ҷ̴߶ӡһʥǹִ߶칭ںϷԴʥǹĿһݣѵʮ٣

Ҷɻ֮ʱʮٳˣţͷ˾Ȼſ죬ɵ٣ʱ·Ҷȣֻһ᳤յĽɫڣֱӾͱţͷҶȡ
ɫʯҶֱ½׹ն
ơ
Ҷ̤һռ𶯣߸߾칭ץһʥǹ㳯ǽɫ߶칭
ৡ
ʥǹں칭Ҷڼǽɫȥǽɫƺħʥǹɱħײֻ¡һʥǹֱӴ˽ɫȻţͷ˼ȥ
ꡫ
ţͷûϢǷѾ̺֮УκξٶֶΣǰϹͥǿߵķ£ʥǹһɫţͷ˾ڶɫ١
¡
һΣţͷĽɫʧȥֵĹʥǹײѹʥǹݺݵײһ顣
һʥǹն
꣡
ţͷɫ޴ŷ֮ϣƿ֮ߣɽն飬һһǿ
һʱ䣬վ顢ݺᣬҶշڣҶһʥǹգţͷ˾ͽɫ
û뵽ұڴɽġһһ٣̺ɣ
ڣŴν֮Ҷȫһʥǹ߶칭ݵա
ţͷҲ˲Ŵ죬ʮһֻɫ٣ƺټУţͷռ䶼飬ɫپֻƣҶȹؽ١
¡
ʥǹɫ٣ҶţͷײҶȶ˫ۣƣ̵۾޷գκС
ž
ԼʮκҶȾ͸о֮нԶɢһޡ䡢ϢҶ̸ӦڣʼұըϸѪһ籬ը
ţ
ҶȶɽٳɹٽٵĽٺʱȻǻδʧıըգһϹ⡣
󣿴ɽٹȻ󣬵ȻϹϢȷϹͥ
ҶȥϹ֮Уţͷӿһϼ⣬Ϲϼ⣬̺ϹͬëѩţͷͷϹ֮ɢա
ƺδֹ֮ûκεϹϢ
ϹٷĿ죬ȥҲ죬Ҳ벻ףϹɽ֮һȡˣ
Ϲϼ⣬ʥ࣬͸Ű׽ɫʼҶΪģؽ٣ӴҶƤһ̣ѩڻƤ
û뵽Ϲ˵ĴϣԶɽȵģ̺ķϹطϹϼ⡭ϧʶԲ򵥣ôϹϼ⣬ﵽɾһױ״̬⣡
ҶȰˣ˭ϹٷţͷͻȻðһգһҲȫĴ룬ϹϹϼ⣬ҶȻָʧȥܴﵽɾ״̬
Ҫ֪Ҷͻƴɾ϶ɾǿʮôҪȻҲɾʮϹܴﵽһױ״̬ⲻǰһյ˻
ЩϹϼ⣬ɽҪ̫࣬ҲߣϹϼ⣬ҲܳΪɽǿߣ
ϹϼӿҶȾ͸оĲĸ棬ԽɽѵõĻ
ҶȼӿϹϼڴըͷţδֹͣɾɾһξ޴ɱ䣬仯ǷظϹϼ⼰ʱӿñըʼٵ顣
ҲϹϼ⽵٣ʼȥơٻ𡢽סꡢͳͳʧ񷾡ͷȻʼչ¶ղǾ춯ĻȴǴĿġ
ֻسƬɽȺ˴أر½ɣ¶һضѷ죬ܵѷҽϢ


688 ޿
ɽٴ˾޴ҶǴĿģһţ¶ڴɽлΪ
رٶݻ٣
ž
ŴɴٽȥҶȻڴըȻ֮ǰǷͣըҲȻŶģǵսľ޷飬ϹϹϼ⻹ڲϵؽ١
ͳͳҶڣͬѩڻ͸֮С
ʱ˿̣ؾһ֣ÿһԪأڿռԾʵʵڵƿأںϵĸǴɾ
Ϲϼ⣬ϧ֪ȷټ´Ϲŷ
űըҪʧҶȼӿϹϼ⣬͵Ϲϼ⣬ԷĴһΪֲͻƴɾɾҪǿʮֹҪӾˡ
ϹϼֱӽҶ̫¯ںȼգҶȸɿѸõˮ࣬о̫
ȥ֮ըʧգϹϼҲʣ㵭һ㡣
Ϲŷ򡭡Ϲϼ⡭ţͷˣ
ҶȴʱվգһϹϼ⣬̯ģϹϼ֮УҶ˼⣬ΪٻͻȻϹٷⱾһֵ£ϹѹȥΪϹŵھ֮ţֵ֮У¿϶򵥣֮ϵ
ξɱҶŽУմϹϢõϹűԼǳ֮󣬶ɽپͳϹŷ򣬱ɡ
ĬЩſ񷣬ҡҡͷ⣬ʱǸԣֻеվɽ۷壬ϹͥǿߣղŻд𰸣
ɾǴô
ҶȻ˫ۣϹϼ֮󣬷׷ں̫һÿһÿһѪҶȸоݣ޶ħ߰˷սʤա
֮ǰʮףҶȱӵĽʵͻƴɾʵԽףﵽ߽֮䣬ʲôɽ磬ֶӣչ涨Ϊڴɰ˽׵ףɽ׵ףҶʸ̤ɽ磬ɽ硣
ҶȲ˱¶ԼŻ̤ɽ֮󣬵ʥչܿʼֶչ־Ϊ̤ɽ磬ɽ綼пܣڲͿһʹɽ̤ɽ硣
ɽҪɽԷչǲŵ̨
Ҳʵɱ䣬Ϲŷбø䣬ʵ̡Ҷ仯֮󣬱һץͽ壬Ҷһ˾ƾʧ
ռ䣡
ҶȻΪʥ磬̳֮ϣ纺ںк֮ģϾҪͻʮףɵۣԱԴ̳һصĺ֮ģͻɵ۾Ҳһ⡣
磬ͻƴɾȫˣ
Ȼ֮䣬СǧͲ֪ԺٶȻͨͳҶԱߣҶ󣬷ཱུؿɰ˵
ҶСǧͷ㵹֣ԣһһѴǧͼΪúô洢
ǣСǧգ۾ʧȻͼ纺ԱߣգͻȻΪһƬռ䣬˸Գۣͼ飬Ҳ޷ֱӰֱա
Сǧͼ飬֮壬ͨȻ鲻ͬɷ塣
ͻƴɾҲ޷ԡ
ҶգʩչҲʼԣǣоɾ࣬ԻϸƵģΪͻƴɾ仯һȣٶȻ޷纺ȡ
纺ԣٶȼҶȿʮȻвҶ׵ģռ˵ҶٶҪԽ纺Ǹ޷纺Ტۣ纺ٶȱ̫ˡ
ޡ
Уһۣ͹ȥ֮꣬Ҷȼﵽһ۷壬գУҶȻһץһӴռ䣬ʹڷɳ
ǧֻ
жҶ𶼻ǻսھ֮ţ޳ϯκ嶼ᱻԵ͸оͷƤ飬Ȼȥ󣬻ֲ˼
ޱʩչʥɽһͨ񣬿һ治˵ֿܵ޳
ܣƳɿܣһҶԣĿǰΪãڸɽ磬һôûУɵһָͷǶ޷ҧƣǵʱԳΪʥ
ҶȿʼƽȻʩչײ񵱳ʮ˽׿һƳɺʶĿܡ
ʼɣͷ̫һҶȿʼԴһӡӿӡ֮С
ǧֻӡʱʮײУǱ̫һͳΪһȺϻҶʩչӡǶֻֿܽԽײһӡӳ֡
Ȼƽ޿ܣʮ˽׿ֲͬ׿аѪӤһʶ壬ǻ壬ѶȣҪѪӤѲ٣ǧ֮ࡣ
ЩƻĽסףƻɵҶĿǰʵﵽ߽֮䣬ʵȫԽһǧֻƻԶҶ˵ƳΪܣѾôǺܴ󣬵ȻԸ߽ס˽Ž׸֣ɵۣߣôܾһôûС
ҶȲþҪ½磬ܽɽ£ݺ޵֣ѽΪʥֶΣ԰ʥɨκ赲
һɣһɣûһǿߣһɽ㷢չ
֨֨
ҶȲײͨӡ֮£޷ԿҶӡӿԺĨɱʶеĽͷ־Կ£ȫΪһ߿ܡ
Ҷȿʼעӡڽ޷־
ֹײȥ֪ǼǧȥҶ˫һ֣ѹǲӡͳ׻һʧ
֨֨
ǧܣ¶ײСҰĿ⣬ѹѹһƬҪһ׸ϽȺҲֲǧغϣջᱻʳ˺ķѡ
ɣ
ҶȻһץһɷӡͰѽӡ
ʱ䲻ˣʣ¼깤򣬾̤ɽʱ̣һмʱ䣬Ҫץᣬ
Ҷڣֻʣھ֮ŵõǿĽӣҶȸо̫٣Ҫ̫ĽӣڵҶ˵ѾûжԣҪǿ󣬿ס߽׵
ǡþӣɽ绹м꣬⼸꣬ҶȿԺúȡһЩ
ɽǸɽ磬ţ¶ţë


689 ɽ
ҶȾھռ䣬̫޼˻סʮ˽׿ܡ컯ȭʥǹڰ׾ȵͨžе̬Ӧɱת䡣
ôͨǧʱھռۼ

Ҷ֡
һͨһλˣͨʱλ졣
ֵ棬ͣʦѴӦͼӪҼҹӱӻ֣ϸ룬ҶʦܼãͼͲٶˣ
ǣǴ״ӣţλ֮ߣᲢۣȻҶȻھ֮ŶɹЩˣʦܵˡ
ͫ˸Ŀ⣬ǰλ꣬Ϊɵ
λ֪к£
ڴʱһӰͨͷ߳Ǵһ۵Ҷȣӵֳ
ҶȺȻ֣۽⳯Ҷһˣʦ֣λҶʦܣ
ǺǣҶʦܹȻŲ²ţҶʦܰɱʮţͳͳɱˣͺ裬ɽ磡ʩ󷽵˵
ͼң
ҶһݣͼңǵͳʹΪ취Ը棬ҶȲ֪ͳͼҵλΣӲǰͺͳʲôϵԲ㵱ˡ
ʦ֣֪ʦк£Ҷȱȭʵ
ͺЦʦܹȻֱڿ죬ʦҲ˿ʦܣͼҺܿʦܣڸɽ磬֮ѳƿصĵز㽫̤ɽ磬ػ˵ѣϣʦͼҺڽɵһɣ
֪ͼʦ֣ڣͼҾĵɣѩҲǳصģӵк
˵ҶȾû˵ȥ˼ˣһתʵ֪ͼҵͳʦ֣ͼҵλΣ
ʦ˵ǳꣿǺǡ
ͺȻ˸һЦݣҶȣͼҲţȻȲϹӣ길ͼҳϣҲǾɽڣһλϣϵҲͼеλʦҼֵʶ
ͼڲҲ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȴͺ֮䣬һЩߣ٣ͳ꣬ϵҶȱȭʦ֣ʦϾҪ̤ɽţʦϤһʱ䣬ٸʦִ𰸣ΣϾǴ£һӾе㡭
еǿǰɣʦܹȻˬˣϲȻҲɽӣɽ硢ءɽ綼һӰþҪ̤ɽ磬ãʱһɽٴεãǣ
ͺ貢ûΪҶûֱӴ𸴣ʮֻϲ֮󣬾ʧͨ
ôѡͼңߺҶһͳһԣͨΪʵ
ţû뵽ѡɡ

һЦҡҡͷҶȣּҲһС壬ּΨһţͼܿͲÿȥʦܣôͺ裿
ͺ裿ԿóͼҲкܶţȻټһ𡭡ƻҶ˵һ룬ʵ
ʱѡɣʵ֮⣬ɽ磬ءɽ磬д絳ŷչʮӣÿһλʦ㶼ⷢչɣ뷨òҪμӵɣȲѣֵһģֵδ㣬ұδ㣬ҿóֵܲµģ
ֱӣⷬ˵ҪҶһֶͬ칲ͬˡ
ֵ֮⣬͡ϫʦáܿܿʦãͲ߲ύϵʦ㣬ȴһĬĬ뿪ʱҾ֪ʦ۹ߣĸߣԼһ㣬ɽ֪֮ʦ۹ŵúܳԶ
֮ţȫܽȫҶһˡ
Ȼ˺£Ͳʦ֣ԶκεɣǼ룬ҲίߣҪɣ˱ϢǲģͼҡѩŴʱǲͳгͼңҶҲ뷨˳
ʦɡ
Ҷ˼ЦúܲãȻʲôһţʦۼҵ£üĿˣ
ŶҶ˾
˴ϢյϢҲ࣬Ӿɽ˺һԭڵĵۼһ治򵥣ۼǾɽһƬϹŽصףԶǵƶȣ޴ɽ۹ÿһλˣ֮ɲ֪Ϊʲôۼһ֮УͳʧˣۼΪ棬ۼҵˣǧδɽ磬ʱڣֵۼҺᣬͻȻðۼҵĵ֮Ҫӿɽ磬ŵۼҰĲҪκš壬ͳͳ𣬶ƶȣþɽ綼ǵơ
һ˵󼸾仰Щֻʮ־̾һµļ壬ôįˣ
˲
Ҷüͷһ֮ҪѾ콨ֻеƵ磬Ƕô󵨵ļ壺ۼҡ졭괫ɽתѩӵвʣҲ˫ޣѩʣܿص죬÷ϵۼҵĴ˵ô̩Ĺ֮У
쵱ûôҶȿԿ϶һ̤ɽ磬֮һ
Ҷ֣׼ã˶ãͻټǣɽ磬̤ɽ磬ҺùףһҲȥӼҶڳ˼˵һ䣬תӶȥ
졭ѩ桢̩ӡ
һĻĻ·ղŹȥ˼һᣬҶȾͻعȥˡ
Լʮȥ
ʦ㣬Ұʦþͽ㣬ɽټ
ڣһ֮̿ϣҶȡ纺ȸˣƯգȸҶٷҶ뿪ɽ磬纺ȥɽ硣
ȸóһö䣬Ҷȣϴν׵ʯİɣҵ¾ʹͨõɵˣɽúΪʦ׼ȥɣѾڵ㣡
纣Ͼͻģ
Ҷһ纺һͲˡ
ʦΪɲ⣬ƺ̤ɾʵҾȻ޷͸ֻұ𣬲ܿЩܣʦãҲ߰ɣȸתΪ纺һͨ

ʱӶھۼͳͳĽλ̤ɽţ͡ϫܿܿԼҶȡ
ԹΪףڽһŹ棬һʽžϡ
ұɽȺǣǶţɽǵ̨еӣΪɣ
˸߸߻ӶֱۣΧЩ鷨ߣ׷״ɽһ編ӡɽͨ콵䣬ƽ磬ͷԸɽΰˣ˶ʱʥۣ鷨߿ͨʧɽ̽Ͽա


690 ԷɵĿ
λԸɽϢǲͬ졭
޾ǿԿɽޱߣʱաγ߼ʵ棬һ֮ͨУϫܿܿ͡ҶվУͨɽԽԽܼ߼ѹͻͻ𵴡
𵴴Чо籩֮еСۣ籩ƻ£и𡢴ݻٵĿܡ
ɽʱգѪڣ޵֮߾磬̤֮С
ԽԽ߼ɽҪ⴫ͨѹ飬˿³Ҷȣں
ʦ㣬Ҫ㣬һμӾɱʦһһ䣬ʦȴΪ״ӡɷˣ
ܿܿ͸һɽݣϫӲվǰʾŮ֮е׿Ȼλ
ϫһ˪㼡Ϸʥ⣬ףΪһʦǫʦҲھ֮ţżȻõԡɳɽһзұŸ߲Ƽ
ԭʦȻõɳɽĴз²ⲻˣɳɽǿɽΨһһȫŮӵţ˵޽֮شڵľ޴ϲʦ㣡ʼҫʶ
ǻǵģϾҪɹɽ磬ɽʱ֮С
֪ϫӺһףֻǿٵ˵ʱ˵һɽ磬ǾҪɽѹƣ׼Ӧɽ編ɣ
Ҷ֣ûУ״ӣ֮оȻһλ״ӡϫʦǿʢܵõɳɽĴз
ںһЩһ֮⣬ĿŲҶһͬŤ㣬ɴ䳰һܿܿͽģΪм
ɳɽ
Ҷȱ˫֣˼ܣƺɳɽҲһ˽⣬ص֪Щʮ˽⣬ȥɣ޵ģ˼ȥڰͽǿ֮ϣҲʲôɾͣϫʦ㣬Ǻܲ򵥣˵ʲôھ֮ŵõɳɽзҲϣǽþɱĳЩĿĶѣ
Ҷһ俴ĻüһƳϫӱӰɣϫʦôˣĻ
졭֪
ҶȲûȥ֮£һͷ˾ͼ֮ϣǿöγճĤ״⴩ͨٶҲԽԽ죬㴫ͨз󷨣ǻǱɽѹ޷Ϣ
Ҷ뷨㿪ʼҶһŤںԸɽ򣬲Ȼͻأɽ磬ܻᱻѹ˶˵
ܿϫӡܿܿҲʼ룬㣬˶ӵһ׵Ľ֮ΪǶ֮ʵˣӵɽʵȴҲҪںɽ
֮УȻҶʵǿ̺־ͨȴҲҪٴУɽ編
ಣ
ͨԽԽ죬һɷ籩˺ɽ嫵Ť㣬춯رµϡﻩ
ͻȻӾٶͻ䣬ԼʱŴͨ˸һ𣬱Ħ𻨣ͨͽһ¶ʱսӿֳ
ͨһͻȻǿɽǿʢѹúһ룬ʩչͨطʼںɽ򣬽յѹҲʧ
ٿٿٿ
ͨʧһƬҪʱʱȻ˷˸һһӰ棬ͷžɱ
Ȼ½򣬴أɱ˿ɶֶӡ
ɲǼɱʮˣһ˻Ӷ䵶ѪϢ˸ƺŸѪ
⴫ͨʧ˲սɨһɷĺˣһɻɴͣôɱ
ô£
˻벻
ȻǷɵ̣Ǿɣץ䵱ū֣˺ᵶһ˵ʮˣʱΧɱ
ɣȻǷɣСģɶǵˡǿɱаħɣڸɽǶɱ͵һӦ
ԭǷɣɱ
ܿܿҲһݣϫȷɳ׺ɽ֣Ҫ֪Щɶɽ缶ǿߣΪȻ׵Ľ֮䡣
ͣ
Ҷɱ׼˷ɣ˭֮ģһһʽո

Ҷնɱһ֮ʱɽ֣һһȭȻ£ɲΪӵĽװʵδȫںɽ򣬶ռʱ˺͡
ЩϽˣŲһףΪ˵ã
ʱΪɱ¾֮أҶ˼һȻռϷ磬־ǲʽ֮ǰ֮Уλ˵ߣͣ͸оԾ
ҲҪ
ϫͻȻֳһָȻѿռ˺÷飬ƻʵ̫𺳡
ܡϽֶӣΪλʵ
һѸǱϫָ˼ͫǾһץͻأϫӴŸ롣
ʯ֮䣬ϫӲԳ״ӲܳΪֶһȻй֮
ϫҲ⣬û뵽Է룬죬Ľƣ˦Ķ룬ΪԶԶ֮ϣմһϷӡһǿհĻӰסĹ춾롣
䣡
ǿջӰ֮ͨϫӱһ㣬һģǿջӰͨͿʼըѾŸͳͳٻ
Сˡ룡
ɺ˼Լʩչ룬ȻϫʩչֶΣ׻⣬ȻʩչһúѹѹаͨΧȻƯŰԪϢһɹ־֮һ룬ںϣΪŸ͸ɫ룬ݷϫӡ

ŷа־ͬаâǶϫͷ־ʱ˫һϫɫһ򼴽ɱķ룬ִղǿջûͨͬɨŷһɨһʼµԪ
ˣԶߣͷɱУûѹסϫӣҸоϫҪɱУ̻־Ҫߡ
ͣ
ףҪôܣһ޼սڷɸոն߻һ̣һն׹⽣ֱɱƿռ䣬׼ȷӷɲӷӶͷ৵һ£߸߷
Ҷʦܣлˣ
ϫۺѹסƺ׼ͨǿл⣬䳯Աеһ˵
Ҷ
ֻǲϣʦˣҶһ֣޼սʧҶϫ΢΢ʩ
úúã½ɱλţӭɽ磬֣Ǹˣ
ڴ˿̣зɱնɱֶûˣֻЩǱڴϢʱʱ߳һϤӰǧˣֶ֣Ϊ׵ˣһ˾ȻɽڸҲҶϤĹˡ
ʱĹˣڸɽһϢͬͷš


691 ɹ
ˣ½ڶϣȻڸɽ磬ҲӵߵλĴ
ոһ⡯ʵ͸ɽĵһɽﾺ񣬸Ӽң̵ģճΪ·ϵٮٮߣ˵ܾˣԱһλ˵
ʦǶɽţʦҲϣҾҽһ£Ҳϣ棬Ծɽ磡
˲վ꣬һϢͬпеƣݺᣬҽһ󣬴ޱϣһǴŸ߲ӭϫʦýţڶǴ۱ˣǽн
ɽʦ֡
˲䱻һͷһѹɽ磬ȻԾɽǿߣô˿϶ɵۣվɽ۷ǿߣ
ɵۣ
ɵۣǧˣ׵סֶ첻ǳһɣҶȰɨӺڸ֣Ϊѹȣʵ𺳣гԽʵȴûΪѹ
Ϊֶӣô֣ÿֶӻ
ţ˾Ͱֶ鷨ߣһһܸҶʶȻЩ鷨߶֪Ҷɽɹղնɱ˷ɣӵ׵Ľʵ鷨ҲǶҶȵ˸߿һۡ
رϫӣߣԴӾɽÿ鷨߶ֶ콫ֻһţˣΪ鷨ߣرϫ࿴
Ȼںɽ編ǾͻعҪٸɽǿߣΪ˵ġ츣ءкúһյһžͨ߰ɣһ󣬿ʼ
һ·籩һ˾Ȼͨʧʱ֮С
ܿ죬ͨͣҶȾͼɽأƯɽ޴ĲԭɽȺɳĮͳͳߡ
ҲȻವһֹͣͣǰͳɽһģһΨһͬǰɽʮ޴󣬶һƯƺƾһƯĿ顣

żλ鷨߸֣ɳ֮ʮָ仯һָӡ͸ӿһӲͨй죬̤ͨ
ɲǼ䣬Уӿһ̣˶ɽͬϤĲ֣Ҳͬ˷ƼڵȺĵӣЩɽǺĵӣӢӡ
ȻÿһδɽĶţһЩӣҲ֡
Ŀ֮£ɽ߲㣬ΪҶȡܿܿ˾ʽϫӣΪ˽㣬ߣ¡ʽӶɢȥˡ
ڲһؽƱɽڲҪĪ̫࣬Ϣи߽Ϣо̾һĸ߽ǿߡ
һ·Щ߽ǿߣɵۼǿߣͻ˲
λӣΪŴҴأ츣أвдһͨѧֻΪ״ӣʼɣֻʮ깦ץסᣡ
ʱգֻй棬ʣ¾Ҷȡܿܿˣɭ϶һֻ־һɨ˾ͱһؿռ롣
츣أ
ͻƺʧȥӦ˷ֱһ޷ƵĽƿأ˵ɫڸʣֻһγɵĹž
ɹ
žȻ˵ģֶľͨɴĿ⣬ҶҲʮֺ棬žȫչһģγĪԣ͸һ͸Ϣ
ΰݶͨһɽżǾżȷʵһʮֲ񹦣۱ˣͨˣʮ֪ŵôնɱǿУɵ۸֣úɣɹһķǽ̤ɽţſԻȡ
ɹһʮʺǵͨʼɣܿܿλеӣȿʼ¼һԡ
͡Ҳ̿ʼС
ɹƺɽٵٵϹϼ⡭֮ͬɹϹǲӵзֻ磬аħһһ
һĶҶֻʮͰɹסһͨʮһһĶοɽ
һҶȲɹľɹ⣬ʮְԵޱȣ֮еպӵпаħȻôԵҲԾס
ִ۱ʩչһɹָⵯɹͿɽ֮ļӲʯһƬɽ置Ҳ׾٣ɽ򣬿Ҳܲһɹ
ɹȷ˵ġֻϧ̫࣬ᱻǿ߲ߣҴɾΪȴ߽ɵӶῴĳ
Լ¹ȥҶȼ˻ɹ֮Уһ£ʼ츣ڵĴɽ
磡
Ӽɽ죬ҲвʵּͣҵȲӼңҲţܿܿѩгϹϵ֮УҶȵĵӣݣ
֮Уʩչͨ˿ƣһһС
˼һᣬ˵ʦȴҶȴھɱ֮УһնɱɱʮӣӴ˵ȫ̡ܽħŽ֣ȫܽи½ţΪݣ˵ʮֿ£Ҷ붷ݽ֣⣡
˵ɽ紫ˣҲǲ޷粻ˣλҶʦܣż꣬ɣһգۣǴɾһ˲ѷ֣Ǹţ
ղ־ҪȴһϹŷ޷ֶΣʦܣúùעɽƴ䣬ǶҪʱҪμӣҿҶȾͷǳһɽΪúֱءɽص
ʦܽǣһ¶һЦݣΪҶȶˣھɱɵӰѾҶȳΪٸ߲ע

ʮգۼһ֣һɹɽ֮УҶҲճ֡
λúŬŸ߲ʱעǣϣھɽǣʮ⣬˵仰Ϣˡ
ʦ֣
˹ͣҶҲ
֮󣬹һץľͳöָ˵ܺãĽǣɹҶûʸ񣬽ΪѡõöָŶǵĽһЩӴ˾ɽúУȥɣ
˾뿪


692 ٴ
λҼҹλȥһۣ
Ҷȡܿܿ͡Ų鷨ͳ֮ʱһŮӣȻ˹˵
ҹǣ
˶û뵽ֱӡ
ҼҹӣǵᮣŮüĿ㣬òһһʧŮеʡ
һЦԭǵʦ֣
ܿܿͣȣͫ˸Цɫʦֵ½ָǣҲ·ˣȻʦ˷ҵȻҪȥģ
ȥҶͰоܿܿͷҲȻѡͬ⡣
˸ŮӾͷͨʣ²£˵ģϧλŮӣȵǣƺɽֶ죬Ӱһ˵ǵᮣЩ
ܿ죬գʱ䣬ŮӾʹҶ˷ֽͨһͨɳ֮󣬾һɽСֻͷŸ֮ĵᮣպ߳Сӭ
λʦܣһλʦãʦ﹧ϲɹɽ磬뵱ҳΪŵһõŸҲ̤ɽ磬󾭹ԼṲ̆ţλ룡
᮲ţ̸²ǫѷͬһλӣҶ˽С£Ůӵϸոõɲ衣
ɲһڣ˶оһ𣬶óɲ費򵥣Ǿƣһ븹͸оȫйůϯȫĿɲһȵҩı
ʦᶮƷζʦô۽磬Ҫʦֺúѧϰܿܿһ졣
ǫǫЦһ֣ܿܿʦòò״ӣʦܡʦܡҶʦҲ֮ӣŻ磬ɽ̨ǵģ
ʦ˵ﻰʦֲҵȰʦּ壬ͷʵҲ޷ۼȣǻʦ֣ڴۼٴɽ磬Ҳڴʦɽ磡
ǣۼҿɽĴ壬ʦ˿ҵȣʦŶչˣͽŵȣƺͲߵúܽ
͡Ҫǰ˼ϣҲﵽɵۣڡһ͹κ˶ҡβ
Ҷһֱû˵ҲӦ䣬һɨͣҶȾҡҡͷ˱ͺӴ㿿ͼң׵һˣһС޳
ν˲ܿһ棬Ӵˣ˵ıȻᱩ¶
ڵ֮£ۼ죬Ҷ˲뿪Ȼܿܿ;Ҷȷֵ𣬸Իع
Ҷ֣㿴ᮣˣʲô뷨ûУ룬ǵȲ衢۵ô򵥰ɣ
֮УҶеشɽ羰Ҳżع
᮴ʵǳǿΪҲԽʵ߽ףֵӣҪ̤ɽ磬ǺȲ裬Ƽ򵥣ȴ̺Ϊ˴ֶΣ˽϶ͨɫۼҵѰˣҶȶԵۼΪ˽⣬ͨһ֣֪ۼĻ
ᮣһȵ컹Ҫأֶεˣ߽ʵȴûһ̤ɽ硢ɽ磬һȴ򣬾˵ˣһ¼ΪСĵˡ
ˣŲǵֿԸѶԸ
ǺǣۼҶѸʵѣֵ˵㣬᮲Ǹӣżɵۼһͳɽ磬ɽ罨ɾƵĵ۹ɽɣ
֪˵ôһЦ
һﾪˣ˵ͬΪֶӵĵᮣôĻ뺣
ҶЦȴǱѹӵϣͿ򵥣һᮣһӡ
ЦЦ
ţһЦЦ˼ҶȱȭҶ֣ҾȻصҪúһʱ䣬ֵ£ʱʩչٷǣ
Ҳȥ纻ϡ
Ŀ뿪Ҷ̾ʩչٷǿ־͸ӦԶĳǻΪ˹ȥ
ԽһͨһһƬƬɭγԭҰһɽȣɭ֮С
ӣĺܣҶȾȻܽύȸ㲻˳̤ɽ磬ӵ߼
ٻӰɽȷɳȻ纺֣Ȼͬá
纺¶ѵõĽЦݣƺɽٴ緢ЦǺǵЩЩֶΰˣ㿴ˣ
Ŷ˳纺Ŀƶͼڵ磬һ⣬ռŤ֮һӰҶȴӿռֳӶ
û뵽ǵȻˣҶһٶȣѳԽɽķ򣬾ǹҲȲϣҺõֻˣ˼Ϊĸɽ֡
棬ҶҲΪˣͻȻڽǣ£ѩ̤ɽ硣
Ҷһţɽ簲Σû뵽纺һ
ͻȻҴţ˵ɽ磬㲻֪һһ㶵ģǾ͸һȻȥ˵纺Ҷȷɽȡ
ɽڽԺɫΪ¥ͤȡԡźϢ
ڻԺ£纺ժȡ黨Һ鱭Ҷ棺ѩΣͳ鷳𣿡
ʵһЦʱǵǸһȵ棬֪ҶʵԽ飬ʦɭϣתͨŮӣ£ѩλһ㣬ҲĿѩͳ꣬ҵǺ֣Ϊһֱͼҵ
ͼңҲ֪ͳʲôϣ¾͹ȥɣٸĸ֮˵ҲǺһ
֪ʱҶҲƽоƱɽţ˳̫࣬ǵˣҶֵѩҪչȻҪʵ˲ţʦ㣬׼ʥʱѳˣ
Ǽ£ΪѳΪžӢɽӵеӰ֪Ǵ޳ɣһϾڲɵֻۣɵ۽ĵɣſչȥԼȫ⡣
Ҷ侲ˮ̫ܵʱ
ֵϧӡӶ޷̤ɽ磬˶ð£㷢չʥҲҪĳ
ŶˣԪ֮ŸոͻĽף֮󣬲ܵõĽԲڶʱڽףҶȷһץͰԪ֮ӡ⻷档
ǺñҾͲˣϵġ
ﲻɽ磬ҲǵǸϵ棬ɽ磬ȻҲǳ֣Ǳˣǲ١
Ԫ֮˵Ǽʱꡣ
ȵ㶫˵
ʱ纺Ҳæµ꣬ȻɣȻɼ黨ƳȻ£˿ʼƷλѵõʱ⡣


693 ۷
ռ䣡
ɹǾżʮѡ
˿̣Ҷ̳֮ϣʩչڴ߶̫¯̳Լһ֮⡣
֮ʣֲ壬һּʵĽ壬ĥۣ϶ɣҶΧƤӿսȥѭ
һδܶʼѭ֮Խǿʢ֮⣬ʵֶӵеľ֮ͨһ
ȻرһδΣ˴̺־֮ӵ˵ڲĳʱӿ壡
Ȼ˹񹤣ɽһ˲Уںϵľ޴Ƹɹһ׾
һδʱ԰ŶȥҶٴۣͫͷʰɹ̫֮ͬɹܱ̫κ̫֮£Ҫ
ҵõֶͨУҶ֪Ҳɿˣһʩչɹ⣬˭ֶ״ӿ
ʱ纺ƯϿգںϺ֮ġ
֮Ŀһ͸ɫ⣬ͬˮȴһļʣҶҲһ˿㡣
Сǧ纺Աߣ͸˸꣬ԣϢӵ嫡


Ҷʦܣĳȥ޴£ǲٻģ
֮ϣҶ̸ҶҹҪĿģ׼½磬ܶҲҪ£Ҳ֪½Ҫá
Ҷû뵽⣬˿ûеѼӣҲ˵㱧ȭǣ뿪
ɳһͨһӰӴӶҶȷŻٶȣͫгٷӰ
һȲʵҶ֣ôңкδ£
׼½һˣҪһʱܶҪȥ죡ҶȼĿǣǺܸˣֶ棬һѣҲԷ
£Ǿʹֵһͬ½ɣ˵ҹͬˣ˵˾ͶһҲԼˡ

Ҷȵüֻһ仰غԼܣһִС£ҶҲ֪֪ҪǿʥϵͷǺãֵܼȻʢ飬ֵܾ֮ܣ½磬еطҪֵ֮ܰǰҸֵ˵ҪһɣΪʥ½ĿҪΪ˷չʥҴɽ罨ʥ̻ᣬһʼţϾڲɵۣǣ½翪ʼչ
ֵ뷨ԽȨޣʵΧȻ޷ƿأһȴ򣬴½翪ʼչʥ֣ҵҲϣһܽɣһǵøˣʲôʱ붼룬Ѫȡ
ھ½磡ߣ
ҶȺˬЦ˾ͷͨ
֮⣬纺ɫ˿棬ڿеȴҶȣһ⻷纺ͼҶ֣ͻȻ֣һҲ⣬Ҷ֮ǰ͸к
纺ʦã
ҶȽܣҲʶ纺ɵӣóҶ纺ϵһ㣬ҲǶ֮ˣкҶȡ纺ɽȥ
Լʱ
һƬ֮أ˾ͣķһͷˮҶ֣Ҫ½磬ѡ󣬷ֱӿԽɽ磬ҪĴ
ãɣ
Ҷȿɲ뵢ʱ䣬Ȼ˵÷ǳҪԽɽ֮䣬ҪϾÿһɽ磬һ㱡޿ռ䣬Ҫƿռ䣬һ֮ǳѣͨ½磬ѡӴ޽ĴֻҪʯ߶󷨾Ϳɴ½硣
Ҷһ仰ͻδ׿˾Ȼֱʧ̶ʹԽһӵʱգȻͽ뵽ɽϡ衢ͼٵ֮С
ɽ磡
˲Ϣ֮䣬оһ޾磬ϡ޷ɽᲢۣողһƬ飬޾ɽ磬ַܵȫûѹȣ˲١
Ϊﲻɽ磬Ǳɽڸ涼Ҫͼɽ磬ŻԲࡣ
ҶȽ͵ҪȥǾ۷ʥΪߵһλֵܣԪ尾ھ۷֮УΪ㣬㿴ɣʥҪ򣡡
ʲãţͽҰɣڼ壬ҾͰҸ׹񣬽̻ᣬǺǣҪǵһ
⣬дҲ׽̻ᣬҪչʥ̻ãֵܲõģǸϹȥɣԪֵҲӾ۷Ϲ
˵˼䣬ҶȾʹ纺Ӷȥ֣ٶȼԽ۷ֱ漫ޣȻٶ˿ԭ򣬾ǲܷ̫Լ
ǧͼۼЧȻˣɽ֮䣬ҲɽҶȥã
һӣҶڰСǧͨոմԽɽ磬СǧͣҶֶΡ
СǧȷʵԽҶԤ֮⣬ɽףõǧͼ𣬾Ǵһɽ絽ɽ磬Ҳü
ˣ
һʱУڣǰһɳأеľ޴еĹģһ㣬ɽɳҪɽ硢ɽ嶼ģӴܶ࣬һʮˣһɳطɹ
ͷߣʥԱԪ尣棬Ϊߵǿߡ
磡
ҶԶͺ׳֮һɨʮһ׵ףʥ֮УҲвּ¼˼ʥɽ磬䲻ǶǿߣȴҲ
ȻʥŽ޸Ȼǿ߼롣
Ҷ֣һյٷҾ͸˵ü첻۾ӣҲˣǸˣ
Ԫ˲伤ɹҶһӵӯ纺ʩ񣬽Ű˽ܸҶȡ
ȻҶҲܸԪʶպһ֣Ԫ尾ʹˣһɳطȥ
Լӣһģеȵɳأһ嫽ɳţԪ尽ܵҶ֣֣̫ɳأǾ۷ɳ֮У˵۷ֻɣ
̫ɳأеӳӼңӦ⸽ֲһɨɳأ˵һ
ӼңԪһ֮ǰû̫⣬ᵽӼңһ𾪣ƺҲ֪ӼɽƵġ
ԭǾ۷ֵܣϹأҪ¼һʣͷ㣬βǻȥ۷Ҫãȥɣ
̫ɳسˣһɫʿɲ򵥣Ϊһףеڶףڳǽ֮ϣϢС
۷ȻǶ
Ԫ۷˱һһѣҶȾͿó۷ɽûκ̫ɳأҲͨ


694 
̫ɳأ
Ǿ۷أԼƿһٶֵƿڣκ͸Ȼÿ꣬ǶҪɳ֮Ͻ㹻ķݶ
Ԫʮλ۷ԱҶȡ纺ˣ̫ɳϣʼ¡ؽ̫ɳأɳ΢̷ֻܼɽֶѷɫط
֮۷ػ
ڽϿʱһ۷ԱѲߣЩͨԱΪǴʮ£ԽԱٳ֣ʱܼ۷Աѹ̷ȻְɣΪΪ
磬Ǿ۷ж󣿡
˼ڽֵι̷ۣ۷ԱһζãԪ尣Щ̷ǻ˵ϼ仰Ԫھ۷λܸߡ
ֵܣ۷ֻһɣ̫ɳʮæǾ۷ϵȣڼƻ̻ᣬȻҪ̻ô򵥣ɳϲ㣬Ҫ̰Ǿ۷һʵҪ̻Ǻѵģ
Ҷѯ֮£Ԫ尰Ѿ۷ʱƴ˵˵ȻɨɨΧҶʵǰʱŲƹִɽἰɽ£ֵǲмƻչʥ
㣬ҲĿģ½ովоɱҳɹ꣬ҲŸ߲ɽ磬ΪӢӣҴ磬Ϊʥ
ҶֱӴص
ãȥ۷úþ۾ۣΪӷϴ
ҶȳΪɽֶ쾫ӢӣԪ尸˵òˣɱɽ磬ĸ˲֪ҶܶɹԪ尾֪Ҷȱǰǿ󣬼ɽ֮£Ԫ尾͸оˡ
ƹһ֣Ԫ尾ʹҶˣֵľ¥ֱ峡ͳͳȥ
泤£ô˶ȥ½Ӫҵ꣬ö԰ڽڴʱһӡһ˫С۵ӣӾ¥ἱҴ߳Ԫǰ͵߿ࡣ
Ԫ尵˸£û뵽Ӿ˵ⷬԪһݣǳ£ѵûȨ֣˵Ҳǰ׳ԣѺóԺúȵĶҪҼλֵܺúôһ٣
ԭλֵܣҲʥԱ
Ǿ¥ˣȻ֪Ԫھ۷ݣҲʮ£࿴ҶۣӾЦеת߿ˡ
λֵĪ֣˴¥Ǿ۷֮أҽղÿԪ尳ҶͷΪʧʾղʮλ۷Աֻʣˣ˶Ԫʥˡ
ȻҲԪھ۷ĵ¡
һӾ˶һ̼ȣƣͬȵȣȷʵʢԪ尾ٱһʮһ˿ʼ˳ԺȣʥԱһˣԺҲǱһ顣
Ҷֶ֣ӣǰӣ˵ֵ½磬ɱɱɱӣɽɴϣһ磡˵˵
˿ʼϤʶȻˣҶȾٱʵԼʹһ˶ڴҶȡ
һڴĿ⣬Ҷֻҡҡͷȫûһ˿ֵ԰ģһЦС£ֵһᣡ
ʧҡҡͷ
Ǻǣ
ڴʱ˫ͫ˸ЦݣٱˣλҶ־ûʲôҿԸ߸λȻλʥʥǾԼֵܣҪ⣬ҶβμӾɱɹѳΪɽֶ쾫Ӣӣڴ֮УӲɱɱʮӣ
һ㵸ʼƣҶȡʹ
ôô
ڴ˿̣Ȼһ߽ͷǸִ֡ˣǿӲƣһ̤¥Ŀ⿴Ԫ尵ˣԭڴˣһΪİﲻ֪ôļһ徻
ԪҲٿȻֱķ֣ղֵȻҪǹսҶǳ£ĪҪ¶ЦҽΪֵܽӷϴ֣Щ²Ҫ̫֣ôߣ
Ԫ尣ʲôƨ֣ϴһ״
û˿ڣԱ߳һ£Ԫ尽
ž
ʥ߸֣ԪӣͷҪԷһƵġ
λ£Ǿ۷ֵܣһ˲˵һʲôĪ˿Ц¥ˣӼʱСܳ
Ҷ֣۷²ģɣǾͽˣɱɱԾھ۷̣ʥ̻ᣡ
˫֮ʣҶǿЦһ󣬺Ȼ¶һЦ
ҶһֺǺǵ򣺡ֵ취Ǹð취⣬⣡
Сӣ˵ĵأͻȻЦעճ¾Ȼߵˡ
ȺϣǲۣʥãҾҪǾ۷̫ɳԶʧ
ҶԪߣҶȶճĪȻȳһץһӡԪ尺޷֮£עԪڣ磬ָղ˵ĻҲӦҲû޿ܣͽɴƿأʱʥ֮񣬷߱𣡡
泤£򲻿£Ҷһԣʱ亹ֱðȰ衣
Ҷ֡
Ԫ尸ûӣǸܵǧֻܣֲ֮̾УͷųԪ尾֪̫ɳأҲ׶ȡţɻҶΪõó־
ճ£ƺھͶԪ尺֮ǣ̻֣ʮ¿ʼ½ھ¥ſ֮ǰ췴Ѿ۷֪ͨ£ˣѳڶסҪһܲˣ
ৡ
һ۷գ۾Ͳˡ
ҶԪ尶û뵽ճ£˼ץסѱͺ޲ðԪ尲ȵ޷
ΪԼڿӡ
Ԫ尿ճ£ֿ۷ԱԿóԪ尻ЩĲ̣£ڳ˼̣˼ˡ
ճ£˶סڣ۷ԽԽࣺڿӣҲ룬Ԫ尣û뵽ҰĲǰ£ֵܣʲôʥȻҪŻգǾ۷ҪŻɱͽͷãÿֵܶҪһţ
ȻĺԪ¶һɱ
иλ¶ˣ
Ȼپ۷ԱȻ
Ҫʲô
Ȼһ׳ӽֵһţһϢʮˡ
ãԪ尸ղΣαѱţΪ֣һۼ֤
ճ¼̹ӭһߴ󡢵ȴ񡢼ˣһˣг
Ǿ۷ſڣǧԱ֮䣬һɨԪ尣ȵ֣һֱ㲻˵ɣԸ˵Ҫ׿ڸң


695 ﻮ

ճһߺޣ۷ǰָԪҰģڰڣнʥղţЩΪģ˵ҪѱĿôң
ֵܶڳ˭֪
ճ۷Աͳͳꡣ
ס죡
֪۷ͻȻһȣ۷ƣճºѵµһ亹
֣Ұڣѵõ˲ţҲ֪㽨ʥʵ˼ϣܶ鲻һͣþ۷˵ҲǲѾ۷ｨ̫ɳصһе飬Ϊɲɶ⣬˵ϣֻҪ׿˵
һס㶯ŭɱڣȴҲҪž۷£һڡ

ԪȻĬãԱҶϡҶȡ¡īе˽ʥΪɽ磬Ϊɽһ۷ܸҪģһǳز˶١
ȷҪһѡ񣬰ɶչˣԪҪʥ۷ϣǿѡ뿪£˸־
Ԫ尻Ϻһû
ǣ۷ɷǣ
ճⷬȾ۷￪ڣʹһӣʮ£Ԫ尡Ҷȵ˳ͽ
֣۷ֹճ£ƺҲ֮ˣ̫
鶼һ㿴ɣղ֣ұ£ȡֵͷհ£ɱճ¸˾۷һָʮ˾ɱ¥
ɱ۷ǧ˳ԱȻҲˣճºӦ׷ɱ¥
ģҿշѾ۷Ҫˣ㣬㾹ȻˣҲͲˣ
ܣ
Ԫڱñɱճ£ˣ̱Ҷ纺ǰһͬˣȻ󣬿ɱ¥ʱ˫һӣһͨȻչ
֨֨
Ȼ֮ͨ
ಡ
˼顢ľĳˣǧֻܣ˲ȳͨɳճӪֻǧֻܣɽ޳ƣһ
ճ£Щ۷ԱͨˣļϹѹѹĽŵֱ£찡ʲôˣ
ͣ
ʱ֪ҪߣѾˣǧֻ޴ɵĽ޳ʱǵ֮ƣһ¸Ƕȥʱֲ֫ɵ춼ǣ໲ҽڶ
Ҷ֣ĪǾǵھ֮ţѹһǧֻȻܰϹƳɿܣ
ں󷽣𾪵ؿһУϤʱ֮У޳ʹ龰ϹǴﵽ߽ףпѹҪƳɿܣɵۡ
ɵۣҶȿ϶ɵֻۣǴɣƽ޿ܣܲ𺳡
ҶЦǺǵĵڳȻչ¶ֵͬߣֵҲҪͱƷʥǿֶΣֻϧ̫٣Ҫǽ֮࣬Ǹ߽Ҳɱ
ԽԽ͸ֵܣֵܿνҲȻš
ֶλʲôҲز¶ǺǡҶЦȻ֪˵ʲô
ǡǡ˵еϹ
ھ¥֮⣬۷ʣڣŵûս˫һݣͻȻ
ҡ
ڽܷ񡢼ʳ£˶ûճ£ʣһͷ­ھ۷ȡ
ڣɽ磬û˾ȵҾ۷Щˣɵӣ½羭ɱ¾Ԫʩչ˹취ﶼԪѾܱȼġ
ͳͳɣ
ڣܻɱһˣճ£ͷʣֻо¥⣬Ԫ̴һٷܷ׷ʵʵͨʧڡ
λʥԱһӸоһȣٵһȣӴԺٿɫ
泤¶ӦÿˣҲҪ뿪۷ģʥӽҪ̫ɳؿʼչ˭赲Ǿɱ˭ֵܣߣ
Ԫɱ˾۷ˣ˭Ҳ۷ûκιϸҲھ۷Ǿ۷ȭ֮󣬾ͻҶȡ纺ˣĿУʧԶȥ
ɱĺãֲĶԾ۷֣ҲҪ￪ʼ֣
ڽֵϣʮһ˸ķˣ˵Цڴϣʳһؼ⡣
Ԫ尿мƻ취ܼ򵥣أ̫ɳصˣ̫˽Ӵأʥ̻ᣬڰڿɣ
Ц⣬ҵǿӼ͸һСС̫ˣףô
֣ԼãҪ鷳Уɽ罨ʥ£ͽ֣һҪȥɽ磬һɽ磬Ƚ϶࣡
ҶȺȻֹǷȻִӴ޽óһö䣬Ԫ尣Ҵ̤ɽ磬ռȫʯʯ顢żڻ£ؼݱһڶǴɳԼʮݣǸɽ̻ᣬҲûô࣬ɳаʥǰʹãﻹУʥԺܿɽ
һôУɳҵѽϵıӼҲĴѰң
֪öܵһ춯ɱ¾
ֵܡʥչ𣿡
Ԫ尽ӹ䣬ӯݱϽܣʥɽ硣
Ҷȿɲ룬Ԫ˵Ҫɽ磬һɣǺܲ׵ģϾÿǴӸɽ緢չģⷽ棬ҪҪ鷳ȻټŲƣ½ֵܣͳͳϽȻķټ֣
Ҷ˼ףȥ£ɽ罨ʥ£һᶢţȻҲ룬ٺ٣Ȳֻˡ
Ҷζչʥ̻ᣬҪܶྫⷽ棬ǾͲõģֻҪչʥ̻˳ת󣬺ܶ෽涼Ը㣬ʱҪû٣֣ʲôѩͼңֻڵĵҪʮɽ緢չɣɽ磡
ⷽо飬Ҷ֣½ȥɣ
ðɣʹһ𣬴Լ꣬ұֵܻϣһʥ̻ᷢչٻعţʱ̤ϸɽ磬վ۷壬ǣ
ҶȺȻס纺ԪһЦƾʧӰ١
Ҷ֡
Ԫԭͱ𣬺þòſȥ


696 ŵİɱ
纽㣬ͿСǧɽʲôõͼСǧǬϷ㿴
̫ɳ֮ңգӰȻ֣Ǹո̫ɳصҶ
ֻǶ˸Сǧ
Сǧ֪纺ܲ˹ͷַཱུСǧСɣСǧ꾫֡
Ҷ¶һ䣺춯ְɣС˾
ǣ磡꣬ɽ磬âԭ
Сǧ¼Ҷȣֱӣ̵ͷֻһ֮⣬澹Ȼ꣬漴ͻΪһʱգҶڣֻҶȴ߶ǣ纺ʧɽա
Խɽɽ磬Сǧ˵ףҶȴ߶ͬСǧݶĿռͨѴ֮ʹԽɽ磬ɽʱգռԽͼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹԽʱգһ޴ص㡣
ָֻ֮䣬ҶȾ纺ڶ˵ǰ޾ԭǰһԭͬʨͦڲԭ֮ϣڷŭźؾӥڸԭ֮
âԭɽڣ

ƯڲԭϿգҰ쫷ӭҶ纺ڷУʯһҶͷǿ־ȥͷٷȻ纺еطӶȥ
ɽ
һٻӰɽʥɽ֮ϣɽ֣Էɹ·ɳأŮ꣡
ھɱ֮󣬳ΪλӣΨһŻˣȻΪɽδϣɽҪδѹһ˼ϣҪŸֶĳ͡
ܿ죬ͷɳɽ̣âԭԵǰããԭѸоҶϢ
ԼӣͷɳâԭããԭգǰٶӰƺ
꣡
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ纺֮٣գһǰҶȸ˵ĺ
һ£㳯纺ȥ纽㣡
ã纺֣ͬδã˵ЦҶȳΪһ衣
Ůһ̨ϷŮ˾ѾҶȲ岻ϻΪˣȻҶҲָͦоɽ紦թģ纺ˣһв졣
ûάֶã
꣬ɽʲôˣҶȲƻգ޴ͷǿ־ӦԲκη紵ݶȻһ˿ߣȻϢǱظ
ɽɱ¾޴ڣҶڷףȻҶҲнⷬɾ͡
𣿡һ
纺񱬷Ө֮⣬ͫ󺣣ûƭ㣬ȷʵβ٣߰ʮˣ뿪ɽأЩƺһ·٣
˿϶еġ
һʣǰסˣüһҡҡͷһݣɣһȺ޵ࡢ߹ѣپɱ٣ˣͳͳնɱ˱ǣ
Ҫ͵ϮǣǾͷ͵Ϯǣ龻֣ģҶһƲ䳰һ̴߶龻֡
ಣ
Ȼ֮䣬ֳԽҶȡ纺ȫͬ壬Ȼǰ
üı֪ҶȰ취Ҷȡ纺ͬʱʧա
Ҵܲµó޳֮ͽɱھǲԭˣţɱڵܣԭпܣϴοڴ֮ǧټ鷳ÿζһˣҪɱң
ҶȲͷСǧĿǰΪѿɿռ䣬ںϿռ䷨˾ķӹȥһ·룬һ˵
Ҷ֪Сɽ֮ʥҪɽ磬Ų࣬ҶȵͷɽȷʵδȣˣҺɽѡ֮أȽƫԶҲһЩҪһɣɽҪâԭţͲܣ
ٸҼǧ꣬סĽ֮ҿΧˣɽɱһŮȴҪһɣһɣ治ס
ȻռӿһȦ沨ƣ췭ڶҶһˡ
ȻʮˣȻ棬ȴһ£װҶ˵Ϥŵӡ
øšǴľǣҪɽ̲סɱ
ҶҲϢ䣬Ǹͯ棬Χɱ龰ţЩ˾ɽ磬йڣţЩһֱ꣬㶯֣㶯̫鷳
ѡ˳Ĭ
ȻŵӴշɹһɭɭ˷ΧŹһǸˣɽٳɳȥ
ಡ
ʮɱ֣৵طɳγһŴȻʼ룬ʱʱ΢΢һ£ߡ
ɱȦԽԽ׾ʱʮͻȻַ֣ͨڵһ壬ܿûڿռ䡣
䣡
Թϵعγɱը
ৣ
Ź֣ŵӷ׷գ֣¶һ˫˫ͫвмȵȱ飬Ψһͬǣɱ˺ĿС
ˣȻɹŻӣȥ޻أɳȥ񲻰Ÿˣ
һλ߳ͷ׷ʮֹ˳ͬŮ㷢࣬߳ŵӶѡ
һɨռ䣬Ťռ䣬ʲôûʣ£Ȼ޴棬üͷһ壺ʬǶδʣ£
Ϊأ
ͻȻճˣһͬģҶ纺
ŵӣһֵս굱һû
øǷϻҸպҪʮһ׵׸֡ǲ򣡡
Ҷ߳һЦ£һץ˾Ͳ֪ôһ£ͱһռ䡣
ôһӾͲˣ
ʲô춯ûУʮˣռ˸һŤ⣬Ҷ壬Ҷ̯ģͳһŶĿ۵ӣ
Ҷһӣ꣺űҪͽɣ½磬ҪΪ㻹ҵѣΪʼʥ֣ɽ翪ʼ֣꣬㽫ϾɽҲḨ㣬ءɽ罨ɽţǾɽδҲ󣡡
һҲ㡣
ˣɽ罨ʥ̻ȥһɽ磬޺֮ǣǻع飬㽫̤ףҲȡֶ쾫Ӣʲô
һɽ磡
Ҷ˵꣬ϴ߶СǧͷۺСǧͷ꣬ռ䣬˾ͬӰŤһ¾ʧӰ١


697 ҡҡҵս
Ҫɽһ´Խءشﵽһɽ磬ҶСǧ˵Ҳɵ£ϾֱӴԽɽ磬ҪҲʮ־ˣҶʲô࣬ࡣ
û뵽Խɽôˡ纽㣬ȥһɽ磬һҪȥɽúһɽȻҲɽĺô˵Ҳм꣬ûлعɽ磡
ʱŤһʱ̵֮شԽʱգȱҶȡ纺꣬ҶȲͷ߶СǧдԽ纺˵˵˵ЦûںҶȸܡ
꣬˵ʲôǰ겻Ǵɵͽף֮ȴΪһصɽ磬ûȼڣɽ˵Ǵ˵Ĵڡ
úãҴӦҪȥ½翴
纺ĿЦȫ֮Ǹ䡢ֻɱ¾纺
ɽ硭
칦ҶѴ߶ӳСǧڣԽɽ絽ɽ磬ڴɽ絽һɽ硣
ֻҪһʱգһɽ硣
ϣʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫ˡһɽʱգҪһɽ㣬ҶоԽƽ
һ·δ֪յںη
ˡѡ磬ɱһӷ˿ʼǳ񷣬ΪΪֻеˣѣ飬Ҷ˵ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫˵ͬˡ
Ϊ̫λ渶٣عƵҩڵʱΪ̫ҵ۹ǿֶΣ죬ҶҲδʩչκζᡢǿֶΣһǿ֮Ρ
ʥ칫ʥʥҶȰ̫Ǩ򣬽̫ʥ칫ûκԹԣҶȺʥɢˡؽԪˡҷˣʥ칫ϵҶȸܡ
ৣ
ھ籩֮˿һɽ㣬ͼ嫵ӳҶ˲ֳϲ߶ֱ֮٣ԾǿһƬȥ
Ƭһɽ֮еİɽ硣
ϤϢҶΪھɱȡϹ֮ͥΪˮǴߣһɽ磬־Է伸ﵽһСƬ
ʮֺˣ
ȻҲɽɽ編ͬͬкܴϵڸɽ磬жҪܵѹȣ½磬ǿʵƽ⡢Խ򣬲Լݺ뷨֮䡣
ಣ
ֱӺǿգǿ֮ԭ޷ѹɽϣҪǿպɣܡ
ֻּγɻ򣬻һ½ɽ硣
ڻˣ

һɽǿգٵɺǷǼоУϤĳһ¸ǰ
ಣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ纺ͷһƯвڽ
ô£
˸ոսһƬǳأͷ֣ǳؾȻͻΪ棬սںȼաӣǳؼ˽£Ϊ˷棬иˣսѰʲô
ʬζȼ͸ɢ
ĪǰֶԸң
ϻ۵꣬Ŀģ˲׹̤ɽ磬ڰҾۻϣһˣλұȼ磬Щ꣬ɽ磬ΪӢӣ˵ѾԽ塣
ǺìܾԽ񣬵˲òʱһ֧ȻΪɽףĸ뿴Ľ
һ㣬ܿ뵽ˣ
˭
ڴʱӷǳһȻһƲ㣬ҶƣѾƣڲ˸Ӧʱɳˣɱڣֳָ
ǴͷһˣǸƳˣĺʵޣŷһżΪҴˣһɽѵõĴϢ
ಡ
˴սзɳδˣЩˣ඼ɣֱӷһɽӵлǱըâвݵŭ

칥ոֻһ֣һɵ⣬Ͱѹ˲ѹδͷţͬһʧ٣
С㣡С㣡
һʵڲ˼飬ŵˣо˾ͷһƷΪǸȴƺʮϤϢִ̻һ󣬶ʱӿ
˸ͷŶĿϢһͳǰӯͳ£С㣬ڻˣΪҲѼ㣡
ˣǵߵǿ󸮿ͣڡ
С㣬ǴСˣˣʱع£һһѱ顣
һ֣ˣ৵վһɨȥÿ˼ƣ䲻أȴԿһɱʵڣ˵һ飡
С㡭
ü˲ͷŨŨɱǰãȻԾۻ壬ͻȻϸҼ֣Ǻ޷˲أүҲˣڸһƬȻŴչɱ¾ǳؾ͸ոձݻ٣
ʮ侲һʣˣڣɽ磬ҲǸ뵤ҩôܵ˲ң
ʵʵǿҶԿֻϧ
˵ڷŭ̫ŲˣҵİҴ̫Ÿ֣ǸǶ֣С㵱ĵҩ뷨ʧӲأ
ҡȻǵ˭ȥʱǰгԪķδҶȵõūԼõһϹŷָ
һУǣ
øҡ̫ôɽʵ̫࣬һμӾɱӣһûŻɽۣðɣҪ̫֪ôдģ
һᣬ̫ǿ󣬻ڵˣ޷оһ־˲Ĩɱǣֿأȥҵ˵һˣȻҵǵģЩ½ˣͳͳй
ǣ֪һҶȣ֪˼תʹżˣӶȥ
˴ӳǳس룡
գųǳذԵһȣ˲䣬ǧ˾৵طɳʵʵ󷽣ֻսȼյĳǳأָһһֱӸǶȥȼյսϨ
䡭
ǧ˾Ϳ˼һĻ£ɳغȻֲѹóΪɳ𺳳δָһץȻóʯʯںϳ֮С
ͻͻͻ
ͬƵģһǽ빬壬ͻأӿֳضں𵴣

˿һĻȫ޷ţͨѾɡɵֶΣǴ˵е


698 ռ
ʣǬ䲻壬ȴǵͽģ
ܿ죬һ˶̵ĳǳأڴ֮ϣǳҪܣֻҪ΢ϸĥһɳؾͻ˿ҲղսϢ

ǧɣ̲סһ漴׷׷ǳأʼ֣
ɱͫɶҡҡ̫ţһҪǺÿͳͳɽֻң
̫šһɽ磬оǸްԵĴڣ̫ңԶ̫ߴҪűϢھϣ
Ҷ纺ߣòɱ˲٣̫ţҶȻҲǼ£ǰԪʱνǿޱȣҶȸǶ֡
񣬲بŲ䣬ȴһǿ

ͻȻһ̣ʮϢӶΪһˣغ

Ҷ֪˭ˣһӰҶȴЦ죬ҷɢˡؽԪˡʥ
ȷӰҶϤˡ
ɢһµۣҷǰ棬ҶȣӯˣȻ
ᡢĪȻ䣡ҲϽˣҶȼʥɢˡؽԪˡҷ֮һѪӿһϤģҲų֡
ʥ칫ᣬĪȻҶûϵ֮䣬˷Ͻ磬˶½ǿߡţҲ֮УҶֻͻȻôˣ̫ˡ
ᡢĪȻһλԺ£ǴŮһλԺĪȻǾ֮УҶ뼸ϵߵˣξ죬ĪȻǱԺ׽֮УΪҶȶ¹ͣҶصĺ
ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫ͳԺΪ̫λڣ𽥳ΪҶͬˣǱշǿߡ
һ¼ˣҶȱ࿪ģɽǧ꣬ͷһθ˵ѡ
ɢ˼˵ڼˣǷɽ缸꣬ʱ޿Ҫ㣬½ҹ˼
ԴҶһͳ̫λ棬ɽ磬̫λˣҶΪҶ֮
ĪȻҶǰ֪˵ʲôãʥ칫Լˣˡ
½̫λֻСɽǹգÿһɽ缸ڣһδ֪һǿߣĹǵζ
ҶȿһԼϤ˶᲻٣ͷܺãܺãҶøлӦø˲ǣɽǸ̨Ͼͻվڸӹ̨
ǰ֮ǰ̫ҵ۹ܶ˶ﵽɾ߽ףֵܷ½и˻ɽ٣̫ҵ۹ͳ̫λ򣬲ɽλ滹㷲̫λ淢ս෽һжܺã
һɽʲôһ½һˣҸĸסǶɽ磬̫λ泹һͳ
ҶȲм˵Ȼ꣬ڽܣλҴС㣬ӣ
С㣡
ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻ׷׶ʩ񣬶꣬һ̤ɽ磬ɽ磬Ͷ׹ͻȻһǿš
ɣеĴɣ޲𾪡ĽɵǾ˲ɾɣֱϣңܵչˣΪ̫ҲǸоһȡ
Ƕÿϵǲ࣬ˣһһͬȻ֮Ѿ˲𣬾ôһ£ȴ֮Գǿ֮
ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻ½磬̫λ棬λľ֣̫ҵ۹ǿߣɽ磬һ˶޷ȣ꣬о̫߸ϣ޷Ǻ˳ûмӣ˿
ŮŮڻˣ
ʱ򣬳ǧɹ峤Ҹ߲ٷ꣬峤ۿһ¾ʪҲһŮڱһ

Ҷֶļʱ̫ˣ
ҶǰˣҶٻϵд˽һֱͰҶȵݣһʺ򣬾ٶʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻ˲žõλһȣҲڲ²ҶǺξ硣
ߣҪϯףҹˡ
ǰǶԸҡ̫Ҫ꣬԰ɣҶʱȻֹ
˶ʱͳͳҶȡ꣬һֻҶߣȴһֱ˵纺˵ĶԣʲôԲߣֱɱҡңԼ̫ţҪǣ˲Ϣ֮䣡
̫˷ʱ䡭
Ҷ侲һɣ½£ҲΥɽ編Ϊʵг𱨳ôԼȥǸã
ͷͬ⣺ãŽޣ
꣬
ҶȿҾｨһռ䣬ôУ꣬ǴΪüΣ̤ɾݳޣһɽ磬ɾݺ£ңҲûٴɣ
ڰ֮䣬ɣ
סˣȴɻĺܣˣʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻˣҲסɣ˵Ǵ˵еĴڡ
꣬ܳɾʹɣô˼飡
߳ǰ֣οûƭ㣬ʵ㣬ŮѾ̫ŶԣʲôҶ˵ĺе½ޣҪԼȥ⣬һй̣½綼޷̤ɽ磿
ҶҾȻһλ
ǳմһ㣬ǰȻڳĸ˶һͳͳ彩Ӳǹ¡
纣ȥ
ˣҶǣ纺֣ϿգҶȻһץʯƯգҶȿʼͷһӡɲǼ䣬طӿƺȻ־ҪƵġ
·ˣŵĿɿڴҶȾΪˣоҶһһӣɽ磬ɽϵߣһ˭£˭Ҫ¡
û뵽Ųǧꡭǿ޷ĵز
һ̣ЩԼ۾ľƺڣԺҶȹͬΪµӵĳʱû뵽ҶȺԺһͳ̫λ档
Ӳ뵽ҶȾȻǿ޷󡢴ĸ߶ȣ
ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻˣֱҲѪڣ˼ֹͣҶȵ̫λĳҶ뵱ҶȣˣҶȣǰʱҶȣɽߣϡ


699 ص
£ͳͳĿת´ʲôҶƲ˫ֲϴһӡһץǳ֮һ嫵Ŀռ󣬲ϵؽ٣ܿͰѳǳС
֮ͨδԶиӣҶȲϵشһӡ󷨣ǧ󷨲γɣ໥ӳ֣֮бж죬֮У󷨣˼顣
һصļӳ֣˶޷ٿҶӰо󷨼ֱһ磬̣ޱߣЩͽ״ȥĦģ
ѺãʵС
Լʮȥ֮У˵ֱˣļִռ䣬ϵӿ룬ֱӹඥʱգʹӽտʼ
꣬ǴĿƣţ
ʱҶ纺ӽӶץһ꣬ʼ
ɿʼȲϤռ䣬еԭؿʼУ
ֹãڴ֮УĿռ硣
ಡ
֮ͨУĪȻᡢʥ칫磬Щͨݺᣬֶͬ࣬ûر꣬԰Ū
˻Ϊһֻ·һ

ɳͨǰޱߵĿռ룬Ҷ纺һɽϣĪȻͷҶһ֣˾Աߣ纺׼
ĪȻ֮Ŭнճɾͣҵǿû㣬һżƷ赤һöԪ֮ʮ꣬ͻ̤ɣͻƸ֮죬ԶѰţӳڣ
һģҶȱץһ⻷һżƷ赤һöԪ֮漴ĪȻ
ɶǴ˵еϱﰡл
ĪȻɣɽ磬Ҳɽʮ˽⣬ɽ磬ͨ赤ϱοǼƷ赤Ԫ֮δ˵֪Ԫ֮ǳԾ֮ţҪ
ݱҲţ
ûȥĪȻɶ飬Ҷǻһץ⻷Ī⣬ᡢʥ칫˶޷Ԥϣǰ
Ҷȿˣֿ¶Ҷȵˣ뵱ҪİʱһֱڰңʱҲ㾡ȫҵˣ
ǾͲˣ
һץڣʥ칫ҲΪպñо
ҶȻЩ꣬ʲôοᣬԺҾͻ½磬Ѽλʦ㶼ɽ磬İɣΪӣһֱӴϴ̤ɽ磬ɽ齨ʥǽ󣬾ʥú÷չȡʥ̫ҵ۹
¶ҶϤޱȵɭϣֽı飺ʲô㣡
ôҲҵʦ
ҶЦǺǣ޳˭뵽Ҷȵĳɾ˷ǷȥǿߣԶԶ˦Ҷֿʥ칫ҪǴ㷢չʥҲ֧㣬½ȻҲʥɽ磡
һŮӣôʲôһԸڵ㣬˽ᣬɽԺҪΪԼţһɵʥʲôԳΪȥʥ칫Ȼ˵ѿɽĸı䡣
ǿÿ
ᰲο
ʱǨȷ
ҶȵһЦɽ磬½ȫ磬ʿ˵֮·ʼҶȻֺЦ½¶ѳΪ£Ҫǰˣδҽܣλ纺ӣһɽֶӡ
ӣ
ĪȻᡢʥ칫纺ʩ񣬵Ȼʣ֪纺Ҷȹϵǳ
纺Цͬ䣬룬һЦˣ񣡡
˶û뵽纺˵˺һŻع
һģҸϤܿͻص½ַΧҲٸоҶ纺߸ϣҶʱĪȻĪȻȽ̫ҵ۹չΣ
ĪȻɽ粻ǧڣɸ߽ǿߣ̫ΪģΧ򲻶ϷչС۹Ҳٳ֣һһնɱڵ۹Ҫ̫λ棬һͳи⣬ɽֿʼж
ɽħ뿪֮ʱɽִкǵһﷴСˣ֪̫λʵҷĪǡɽҲгԽɾ˴ڣҶʱˡ
ȷʵɽ˼֣ŸҷһλԲѣ̫ҵ۹ϧ۹ڸ֣ĶӣЩ˸еİ̥Ҫٴζλ֣½磬ðɽĪȻҶͶأһҲͷ
ǵȻŶԺôɽУ
ҶȴʱվһָһҫֳĪȻᡢʥ칫죺ǿΪϴ裡

Ҳ̾ͷҫǧѵõĻᣡ
Ϲϼ⡭
Ҷ̻Ӷ˫֣ҫԱߣһӡԴɽ٣ϹŷϹϼط
ھ֮ŵõһϹʱ֪֣Ǳȼɽķκ˶ƣ
ʩչϹϼ֮󣬾ҫʼӿڣʩչӡϹϼ⣬ںִҶƯ֮գҾʹһżΪϹΪ޽壬ʮ
˹˹
ҶʧⲻӿɫʣҲʼըֱըͻƾ࣡
ž
ըϣһţĪȻᡢʥ칫ɽ磬ֲɵͽףɽ磬ˣͼūΪҶͨ죬ȻҪ췭ظ仯
ҶҲͷ̫ǿС޷ܣʱһ⣬ȴӺˡ
ĪȻᡢʥ칫ҶԹϸȻɣʱ򣬱ܷüƷ赤ֵͼüƷ赤ֱӱ
һжҶϸ˼š
ΪĪȻᡢʥ칫ϸ顢ʮʮҹԭҶȿԺܿ٣ʵ̫ܽǿ
ҾͰѴ޽壬ֲԪ󣡡
ŹҫʧҶָһ㣬ĵķӡӿĪȻᡢʥ칫Ժ֮С
ȻһźøΪ޷ʼ˸˫ۣ˼
ʥ칫Ҳ˫ͫ𺳣ȷˡ
ˣǾ֮УúУƷ赤Ԫ֮纺½磬ݱ𣬵Ȼʱٺúۣ
ಡ
ĪȻᡢʥ칫˳ڴ޽壬Ϲ֮ʱҶȴ纺ʧȥ


700 ع鷲˽
ϧ޷ӦϢһǵõоеսףȻϽȡսȥˣԳƻָָɵҲöá
˿̣ͳνڣһɽ֮ϣҶȸոոˣ纺Ƭռ䣬ҶҲʼӦħ𣬽ԣûн
ҪƼ棬ɽǲˡо֮ƻڸɽټ
ҶʧϵѾֵܣҶڻЩϰ߳Ʋڵĸо
ôҪ½ȥ
ʱ껯Ϊɽۣ֮ڴ˵ȺҶ纺ʵ
ҶЦȰ½һˣǻϻҡҡ̫ŵ£㹻ˣ
ǾһȺ߹᲻ǡż˵Щ
纺ǰ񣬷ɫµ˫ִϣ㿪Цģ˼᲻֪Ҫ񣬾ǰѼ崦ãǻϽģط꣡
ط꣬¶Цݣվڷ֮УĿҶ纺罥Զȥ
һɽ̫ͼ˲޽֮ءϤ޽֮أԷɽ磬ʹ޽֮أһռ籩ԼΣգ
ԼҶ纺һɽ޴ײɳһƬ磬Ťޱߵʱա
޽֮أ
ִڣ֪޽֮صûзֻȻռ籩ԻκʣҶΪ޽֮ҲҪСĵģֱԵûзʱգ˭֪ӿֲֿڡ
˽ɽ֮ڵ޽֮أɽ֮䣬Ҳ޽֮أ޷Խĺ蹵
ԭ½޽֮أɽ֮ϵ޽֮أдżʣҲ½޽֮أһƬޣеֻ汾ģ
޽֮Ի֮κʣ
纺Ҷߣ˾ްĺ޽֮أ½Ȼռ籩޽֮Ҷ纺˵ģ
Ȼһɡɣɽѡ񾭹޽֮أѡ󣬶ɣ޽֮Բ׽ķ籩вġ
㿴ǾǷ˽磬뿪һɽһҾܸӦ̫λϢ޽֮أָоǿңֻϧڸɽ磬뷲˽̫ңԶҴﵽɵ۾޷ӦɽλĴڣ
Ҷͷǿϵѹ޽֮ʯ½ɿ·һ㵭㣺Ұλ汾Դںϣʵںλ棬ֻȥںλľþȥλ沿ޣλ滹кܶ޷ȥ⣬½ʹλ棬Ҫȫλ棬ЩѶȣϾ˽Ҳһ޴󳾰ҲˣҪ볹ںϣǳۣ
̫Ҷһʡ纺ʮͬصͷ
һŽףһﵽ½޽֮أҲǲȫͷţȻҶҲûд߶СǧֵͼʱգȫʹϴڼֶΡ
칦ڽ޽֮ĩˣ˽㣬Ҳν֮磬ǰҶֻգۣ纺ʧС
磬Ҷֻˣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һոµ磬Ҷ纺ǰǹ貣⣬һǺӻǶһȥͷ
硭Ȼɽ磬Ǻ嫳̶ȣҲɽ硭纺иŷ˽Ϣ˵˽ϢʵϢ
ɽ緭żδжô嫡û뵽ӵʵ޷ǰңԶ
Ҷ֮ǰΪΪܰѷ翴ǣˣĺף˽ĺ䣬ȫԽ˽ļޡ
磬˵˽Ȼͼ˶ޱߣң˽֮ʮּ̣ɽ磬ͬʱ˶˵ɽϣɽ绹Ҫһ𣬾ԼҲûаѷ˽߸飡
Ҷɻ󡢾֮̾ʱСǧɰڴƺ޴ڡ
˺εͨ滭꣬޷˽ⷲ硭ǳ۶޷֪ĸڣҪﵽ󡭡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһθоļ뵱ӷɣﵽ˴ɾһˣҡͷ֮·Ȼ٣Ҫʱһͬȥ֤Ĳɣȥ˽棡
Сǧִ磬СǧţδɵԸϣһɣ˵ɽˣ޷Ƴ硢ꡭҲǳΪվɽ۷ǿߣϧȻˣͼҲѹ˶δȥʱգһҪﵽϵ󣬰СǧƳΪڵһͼ
󡭡
ҶȿҡҡͷȻͷ纺ԼʮҶȾ纺վһĿλϷڸϷһݺλ棺Ϸɽλ棬·̫λ棬ҵĳأ
纺ݸһЦѾоϢ˵ɽλ棬вϢ˽˴ϢȻŨң
˵һȺ߹ѣҴȥƳǣҵĳ֮أҶȺȻǣ纺ͷϢ˾ǿʧ
ৣ
Ƴɳӣ
ţɳȻȥһھϿգоںرϮʳ
Ӱƾն֣ɭ⣬Ӱ̲һʯϣҶ纺ҶȿϤһУǧ׺ɣɳȴȻûжٱ仯ֻǺٶԽԽ͡
纺չ˫ۣȻ峿ɾĿȻϢܺϤܽܽŷߣʱۣȥûгΪȥ
һǧǰҾÿ峿δɣʱƮС꣬ұ̲ϣظ򹦣ʱΪΪ˼壬Ҳ֪֪ۣ࣬Ŀ򹦡
糱ϵԺӿȣ纺˵ĺܶԣȥûгΪȥεζеĺۼ񼣣õؿӡڼ
·ʱҶܸܵľʹܵƤıľ֪ˮ֪룬ֻΪ֤ԼʱҲ֤ȥļ֣ͣȻͷȷֵõģҶҲվЦơ
ҶȸΪվ˵δҪȥǷݼ֣Եյļ
ȥƳǿ
ǣ纺һ̼䣬ͲϵĵˣֻҶ纺ͳڳƳڡ
һ˷ǣƳǵҲ̫ҳǣҶȿŷ̫ҳǣд
ƳȫʧеĵطǴڵģҶҶ纺ȥͬûκװΣֻʿɭϰأԱߣһ޴Ҷ
žžž
ΪҶ纺߹ҶϤĴҶ̴纺գһԭҶڣھгֻٸ꣬źĴ
統Ҷһ򹦣õҶ汲㴫С
г纺һĻһЦǡ
ҶҵĺжЩǵֶΡҶҲһ̹Ȼ˷ǣûһˣǸо䡣


701 Ĺȥ
Ĺ磬Ȼ
Ҷ뿪Ҷȼ纺½羰Ȼ½ѸΪ̫Ҵ½ǵûиı䣬Ҷȥš᰷ڡϽǵȵȹʵأ纺δйķɡ
ȥȵȵطֻϧ½ЩǨƳ½еȥݴ½еĵõҶҿأֱȥ̫λ棬뿪ݴ½λ棬ݴ½ֻһ֥顣
ݴ½Ҳڷ˽磬ǿĶ֣
ݴ½Ҷȿʼ߹ǰĵط翧ݳǣ᰷ţڵ齣šʵڡѩڵӵ󡢾ŵȵȵطֻϧɶǨƽλ棬µĺ٣Ϊ̫ҵ۹۹ǡ
ݴ½ȫΪ̫ҵ۹أ
ȥҶԺҲϻŹȥ桢ˡѩ졢¡ȵһһӿڼ֮С
ݴ½ǿˮأ֮أôţ̫λ棬ȴֻҶЦߵ졣
ˣǸȥλ濴仯ټЩֵܣѡԼͬҰ߱ݴ½ÿط޴ȥҶҲ׼纺뿪ݴ½
纺Ϊ᣺ðɣǸ˽ܵĺõط
ȵȡ
ʱ˿˲䣬һƮݴ½֮⴫Ϣͺն
Ȼˣ纺Ϊ⣬û뵽̫λ滹ˡ
ȻҶһ۾֪˭̫λ棬ˣֻһطڵ޿ռ䣬ȻˣҲ棬Ҳޣһˡ
ҶСѣȻ㰡Ϣݴ½ʱҾ⣬ôһ˿˿ɵϢû뵽ˣ
Լʮϣͼȳ֣һ׷ͯӣҶ˵ϤǵѩȥȡĸɣҺڵҽ磬̷ͯӣĺܡ
ұǸ꣬ҶûİϢҶȵЩϤо϶ϤˣǴδ棬ӶԷҶȸӦһ˿˿ĺ⣬ҶȸɻδˣΪλе⣿
纺һƳɰ˽ףɵͽףǰ׷ͯӾҲĽסǺǣ꣬ȻصüΪزǿó˶壬ǰ׷ͯӣһԳ⣬һ壬Ȼ½磬޽壬ޣͬ壡
ȷʵɽʧˣ߾½棬Ų̫λ棬ٽǷֶ飡
ҶһҲû⣬Ҳܿ桢ꡢ׷ͯӵ
ǿ󡢸Ī桢̷ͯӣǰþϣǧѣתǬ
δأҶȱ㱧ȭӭӵǰ
Сѣ겻СΪȻȻﵽɾʵףϷĪԱλС㾹Ȼǡ׷̷ͯأʱֲ˼ĿҶ纺˵
һİ׷̷ͯӣҶȣƺýǿ󣬾Ϊм˵껹Ǳѽ
ңΪޣ͸һȣԽ塢壬ԽУ
λ꣬һϢ䣬üۣһͶҶ⣬˵ҶΪʱͰѵ
Ǹ޳ļһ
ˣϷһ£ӣ϶ǣ̷õ£Ϊ³룬Ҳһӣǵ¹ǵߡ˵

ҶһʱĿһݣꡮϣ䳰һЦ׹ɣΪУֺͶ죬ɽһѡ
ѱɱҲǣɽҲòҰܶ顭û˵ҲǸԸ
æ͵ҶСѣ֪ҵӣһ洫͵͵һǿˣʲô¹ǣλţ󣬱ץ˻ȥѺ꣬ҲǸ
ȥѹȥҵҵĵˣɱҲɱò࣬ܶǰĵˣҲŹһģҶȵ治֮Ĺڣֻ˺ôˣ˿²Ź
һ㣬Ҷ֪ģҶҲмΪɣѪɾͷͬСɣɱһ޷ֹģԶһЩʱգ
³룬һδ򹻣ǲǺܲҪһԣһͷ֣ܺҾ䣬Σ
ҶȻһתĿǰ׷̷ͯӡ³롱ϣһֱڰƲ죬ҶȾ͹⼤һ䡣
ߣ֪׷ͯ³ղͬʱһ̿ģ
浱ȻҶ⣬ʾҶһԣСѾͲҪЦˣ㣬ΪСΪͨߣɽΣûŹϢ
Ҷɫҡҡͷ˵ʵûУƺʧɽʷ֮Уɽֶ쾫Ӣӣֶ죬Ҳδ¼
ֶ죿СѾȻΪֶӣ
Ҷһʱ𺳵޷ѹ˷Цݣ֣˰ֶ컹һɣ˵ֶҲΪɽ糬һɣ
ҲΪɻǰһֱ֪һ壬ΪλʧΪǧ֮УڣҶʳУ֪Ĵ𰸡
СΪҲʲôˣҾ֪С˵ˣȻΪСϣһɳԽɵϢʵ֪С̺ɵܵһǾСѣҲСѣʵҲ˽ĵģһб仯ʼ
һ´˻ϻӣ޷ֹסܣڵ˳ǰһλصѣ嶼⣬һλߣ֮ǰ̺ͨǬŲƣһЩŲǧ֮УΪɽ뷲ĴͬǳۣҲڷҵǵĴڣֻҪεúܺãͲᱻ˷֣
ǿ󣬲ɵҶһоһܣҪе֪
ɽ磬ȷ칬ĴڣֻСΪɽֶӣһ֮ţȻ޾ݵĿ⿴Ҷȡ
֮ţ
ûϵ澹Ȼᵽ֮ţҶһ𾪣Ȼ֪ǰãҲŲμɽеľɱΪֶɹĵӣ̤ɽ磬õص
ŶɱϹͥɽ緢չԽԽãȻþ֮ţд
𾪣Ҷⷬɻš


702 ɽ
þ֮ţ
ҶһȻǻлһöˮը˲ݣҶɻ֮żﵽںɽ編ĵز֮еĻߣ
֮ŵͬСɣһԪеķ֮һϹţǾϹͥǰУȻ绢
֮У̺⣺֮ŵһ޷ֻ֪ӵߣϹ֪ͥμӾɱɹһõϹͥеıɣ
һӣһΪ޽Ĺ
ҶȺȻоΪ֮ϣһ涼֣ǣȴָоûб䣬ȻǸصǰ֪飬ԶԼҪ࣬Ҷж澴壬ֶһݡ
޽壿ǺǣһŲ޽ɣԪ֮ǰɽ״ڣ޽һ׾ϹͥΪɽţˣؽ𣡡
磡
磡
ֿҶȣƺϵҶǲ֪ɽЩܣüһԪȥһУʧӭϹͥһԪĽҴߣ֮ҲǴϸԪģϹͥмҰģµļԪһʼûб¶ɽµչϹͥɽ̨þ֮ţԼϹ౦صȵΪͷɽ磬ȷʵıأɽܶϹͥŻᵮɱ
ЩкϵСһǳ֪ԭҲ֪ʱҲڣһճѣֻ½ĳ˵ǷϹͥܣˣ壬űϹͥһҹ֮䣬壡
ڣҶȣ֣̺걯ߵѹ֣һĻͷų
ʱҶѾǻ䣬֮ţϹͥȻȴڣ壬Ҫεжɽ糬ǿߣһ㣬ңϹͥо޴ҰģҰģ϶ɽ޴ı䡣
Ҷ˿Ȼڣ棺ϹͥܶԸ壬壬˼顭ǰѵûйϹͥϣ
ûˡһз̫ͻȻ̫ͻȻȻֻлصɽ磬ҵĽأҲõ࣬ô꣬һֱˣڷ紩ʱʱϹͥǿߣҲҶˣɽ籾嵮ҡҡͷ
ǰɶ칬˽⣿ҶȲἰϹͥ˴
칬Ϲͥһ̫أɽ磬֪ģûмˣ칬ǳֲ˿˿ϵЩܣҴ½Ҳ޷ȥȡһֻܽ㣬ȥƽо֣
Ȼ칬ϹͥҶ˽⣬Ҳ˽⣬ȴ֪һ㣬ɽ֮⣬ɽ˷ɡ塢۹ɽ磬ͷΪӪϹͥ칬ɽţ
侲
ɽΪӪ
µҶɽ֣һصɽ磬Ȼʲ٣滰Լ򵥵õۣǾ칬ȷǾްԡ
ϾҶв칬ٻ֮£иսᣡ
Ӫڵ֮ʱγɳΣôȥӦøֲ䣬Ȼ޽֮أҲںܶ壬޷ȼ칬Ϲͥ
Ҷκˣ޽֮ػŴ
Ȼ޽֮ǰ޷˵ģκʣҪź˶żԼʣ͸ı޽֮ز㣬Ϻɽ̤УЩϣɵ޽֮أǳԽɽģˣ޽֮زųΪɽǿߵ֮̾أ
˶޽֮㣬ҪľӪ޽֮ضͦңԶ̤Ͼɽ磬Ժʸǿգ
ǿյı˰޽֮أ޽֮صľͷ磬磬ߣյĹޣҲĹޣϣɢɽ壬ٴξۼ硭˵治ɿŷܿ˿Ĵڡ
û뵽ɽ磬޴ҶҲΪ𺳣޽֮أû뵽޽֮ؾȻܴɵ޷󣬿ĵطʲôпܷҶȰοǰԸһɣ
ʱҶжķ⿪֮ǰΪ漸ıƵģڲһУ
ͻȻ桢ؿҶ˵㣬ǲ޵ĵȥϣ³룬ɽ磬ӴϹͥһλ֮Уǲǳʧ˳ȥѰĽأ⿪ϹͥҰģܣ
⡭Ҷˣ
³룬
һתһץץס³ԴݺݵӴ˾ͺúøҶСѣ£ɲܵϷҪǲҶСѵĻСҰأ޷
ǣүү³ʱŵö
Ҷȼ״ЦЦΪ³ɶû뵽£ΪƵģƽ治֪ٳͷԲ̷ͯӡ
Ȼǰ˴£Ҳƴǣģ³һῴţҵҪɽ緭ǺǣҶĿ³Ų汧ȭ˵
ǰǷ漸飬βòӦһ㣬ҶҲر֪йϹͥĸܣ
ϾҪɽ磬ҪϹͥģ
СӲֶΣ϶ûùӳԣûʲôĵģ
滹Ǻݺݵ³һҶȶϹͥ޴Ұģܣ壬ǧҪΪУܸоϹͥƺҪָϸԪһͳɽ磬ٴνϹͥǵҰģܾ
ߣϹżԪѾʧǾȻ뽨ϹͥҪɽţеˣҪǸ׳Ƴ
Ҷ޷̣ΪӣϹͥҰģɽκˣοҶȣ
˼飬Ҷû뵽һ˾޴ҰģǸһɣɽСĴڣ⾪Ļôȥ޶á
֪ã֪ˣȻװ׿鷢չȥԭ뽨ʥΪһɣҪԶԿϹͥΪĿ꣬ȥչʥ
ȻΪһӶ޷Ҷһͨ޵УҲǿ߶ְɡ
³룬ԺҪúøҶ磬ʵߣǻȥˣСѣӣϣ´ܹɽ
ʱ泯Ҷ纺ʩ𣬺ܹϾץȥ񷡣
ǰߣ
𽥽нԶıӰŷ治򵥣еδ棬ҲȻ𾴣


703 ɽ
ùȥΪ纺Ҷߣû뵽һ֪ô飡
˲£д˸д
Ҷ纺֮һֱоܿ飬ɲǣ纺ͬůϯȫоٷſա
ָоӴҪң
ɲǼ䣬纺֮ͫУҲӿͬĿ⣬³ǰҶ纺գÿĿκ붯޷ȵ꽻ڡ
ֽڣȫͷ꣡
ȿȡ
ڣˣҲǵһֱ³룬ʵ޷ȥҶ纺ջ⣬ص꽻߳
ȥ̫򣡡
Ҷ΢˼ܿ컺ͷһƿ纺³룬ݴ½ȥ
˸ոշɳݴ½̫λ棬ǿ֮УȻɸ֣۷ȥ
ǲɰɽȻѡʱ̫λ棬ȲҪһϣ˳㿴Ҽ֮Ч
û뵽ŷ򣬼Ϥ򣬻δͼԶ̫֮Уǰ򣬷ɳɾ֣飬̫λ汾Դ֮ͣطλ۷硣
Ҷ˲־ɢͼ̫λɽλ֮䣬ɽһʹʮˣȻɽˣͻͻͻ½߽׵ǿߡ
гǧ½˵˼飡
ಣ
Ҷֻһ֣ʹ纺³˲䴩Խϣգ۾ͳ̫λϿս֮ϣϷǺƺƵڡ˵ɽ
նɱ˾츸ӣ½ɧ̫λ桭
վ̫λ֮ϣɽҶƺ֮ǰħѵɽλ龰
ʱҶȲֻնɱһ׵ղͬգɽȻ½磬ǵҶħԣҲһǳѵѪս
Ȼ̫λЩγɳΪһ
ʮ֮һľ죬½ƸӾˣƾͬħϢϯ񷡣
Щһ׵Ľ׵ɣʲôһȺֱͷŷӡһоͰȫˣ
ʱ³˵ˣ
˵⻰ıǮĽףʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫ˡ䡢ĪȻЩɽǿߣ³֡
ɣһǱ𣬼½磬޵еģֻҪӱ̬½ǿߡ
ˣҪǽ⿪ɷӡ㲻ģϹͥǿ߷ϢǱյãУΪҺò׵̫λ磬ܳܵһ𣿡
Ҷû뵽һƳˣҺã³ֻţʲôͷ۵뷨ܸɳ
ôһȳ⣬³ʵˣû취ʵװܣҪԵҶ۸ڵҽʱ䣬³ǼҶж죬ԷΪһս
սʼˣ纺Ȼˡ
䡭
Ͻɽ½̫λ֮ǿգ֣ڿʼ֣˫ͷŸ󷨣ڣȵȣչ˹ҶȿԿ̫λӪ󷨣ֵòɼһǻʸɵĹ͡
̫ҵ۹ڶ˲ţΨһֻлʸɶսԷ棬ҲҶߣΪɿҲϵһ֮һ
ǿսžͱըǼʷ籩κɾˣ˫ʩչսսȼա
Ҷϡֵܡֵܡ
ս֮УҶȿʼɨ̫λӪһ̲סȥϤס
ҶԶ塢Ҷ졢ҶҶ˾ࡢԪءʸɡ˷ʥ˷顢껡͡±ơԺԭԺǧдķʥġԼԺԺʮϽ߳輧﹨ͣҢʽֵܵȵȡ
иˣһ⣬ôϤҶԶۿʪ󣬽ǧ겻˶Ǵɡͨ쾳̤ɾÿˣɾΪҶҶ졢Щˣﵽɸ߽ףͲҪɽ٣еϾҪɽ١
Ǿķʥ뷽飬˵õҶУѾ̤ɾ߽ףҲǣһвɵʵ˵ʱ̫λʵҪҶǸʱǿٱ
ҶڵʱڣǿҶȣǿ֣γ壬ʯ쾪ʵȫɽ࣬ټҶµֶΣ쾵ͼȵһȫԶԸɹ
úãȻûʧʵɸ߽ףɾͨ쾳̶̼꣬ͽɾ߽ףұţûͻɣʵҲɲ࣡
ڶˡֵܡѣҶһƬοˣӽԺ󣬼ûҶȵĴڣ̫λҲ
ɱ
棬ڽȻɳֱ֣ӽֻ֣뾣Ҷ꿡ܣȷɳӭսɽͬɸ߽׵ˡ
žžž
֣սϽ֣Գɽ֣뾣Ҷ壬ӭѶϣɸ߽صǱʩչԵԺԺԺľѧɽֽ֡
һڻХɱвϣĶǣ
ͣ
ͬʱ䣬ֲ°ٸغϣҶ֣ͬʱ䣬ʩչԺ׾ڤ䣬ɽ֣ǿնɱǿա
ã̫λһİо
ֵǶɳɶһܺáҶȰкãּĵӰɳȻԯġҶԪ
ԯģһŮӣȻǽü־֪ûУʩչԯҵܿնɱɽ֣ԪҲУѶָնɱ
ţһ̫λĸ֣ɽ໥ɱÿν棬̫λһʤȫռƣɱɽһû֮ǰǸɱ¾ơ
һ棬ȻʮŽһ棬ҶȶÿϤˣȫµ˽⣡
һȺ
ɽӪ֮Уһ޾ŭţͼһַɳȻͷǿҵɵϢ
ˣһɣȻɽˣҪ̫λǿߵ棬Ҫѹ̫λ˵棡
ʲô
ڴʱͻȻһӰ̫λзɳȻҶ
壿
һɳӦսߣҶЦˣĵЦˣΪ˶ӰҪ֮һҶҶͷһɨڼڣһֱͻƵɾʮףʮףϾҪɽˣ
ҶҶҲǶھѪҶȵľѪأҶȻһǳԽһ˵ĴڣΪǵڣӵҶȻĴС
ʮףԿɶɣɱǿ󣬼ﵽĽʵ
ҶȲڴľʽ֡


704 
ʮףԿĽףԽɱҲǲ˼ģ

λ֮УҶɽһ½ɽˣǿҶһƣȻ£ɾһ𣬿ҲǲɣҶֱ
γȺһ˸ǹһˣϯҶ綾ǣҶκδϢ϶ɱ
꣡
ɨǿգǼʷ籩ϱңȻγһͷɾ޴壬ǿտ񱼣צҪСҶ˺ķѡ
˾ǿգ׷ҸϣҶ׷׷ɱǻģԶԶҶٶȣ
ʣֶΣҶȿüɫ裬˶ûʲôͷǷ˲ɱˣпͷˡ
ҶҶ·ˣһɿʼָﵽɡɣ񸴻ҶҶ棬
¡
˽ֲǧغϣþ춯أڷ˽ͬʱˣرɲٿػǶҶɱʱҶͻȻʩչһͨΪһǹ⣬аһģǻ͵һģľɱǣúɢ
ɻǸ޷ֵҶֶΣΪ޺ҶѽɣҲ۳һ޴ȼ뽣Ķһ

һһ𣬿ʼɱ໥ɣɱҶǿʵԱòϺˣҶƤʼΪɫű仯ԽԽǿϱȫѹɡ
Ѫ塭û뵽ѡһֱѪ壬ﵽɾʮסﵽ˾Ͳʺϡ
ϤĳҶ𣬵ںָ£ѪḶ́Ųϧǲȫģؽ춯أΪǲƪȥ˺ǳ󣬵ٻҲѪ壬޸֮󣬾ûȥѡ

ǿմײֻҶʩչѪ壬ʹռʱԾʵҪźһѪɾ໲ҽɽӪȥˣҶȫʤоջع顣
ৡ
ɶ࡭ɱɱɱͻȻɽɳһƤͺɣȳ߳һ֮࣬һɵƣǿ৵𵴣˫üһɫʮֹ졣
޾ޣûԣ
ȻһӰҶкͷ˳һˣĿԶĿƺûгûһֻܿĴڡ
ʥġ
ҶȼģΪ⣬֮Уڴʥӣʥġ
Ҷһͳʱʥģ͸оݴ½ȵ졢ѩֵţΪǸرɣǷҶȵʥ˵˵ʥкܴԨԴ
޷ôݴ½ȲһʥҲԵмȨƣǸĬĬš
ʱȻõļ֤ߣʥڶ̶̼꣬Ҷ´Դ£ȻΪﵽɾŽף
ˡȻر³һֱʵҶѹţû˵񣬼ʥģ𺳡
£ޣ޷ʲҶȵǲǴ³룬˵滰

֮Уʥͺɽգ۾ϰٻغϣͺΪһȭͰǿղһʵ̫λӪ֮УܶԿߣҲûжˡ
ͺ𺳵ģÿһȭʥĶԿͲ֪ôʥǰʧˣǧغȥͺɾ۵ҪʥĻһȻֺò񣬷ʼ
һصķӡķʥͻȻӳ֣һԶź嫵Ϣӿ춯ء
ԶϢֲɽ磬δŷŴڣΪǴϹʱڣϹͥһĴڣû뵽ʥĻúãҶȼǺ嫲ȻϢҲϤϹϢ

ͺʥͻȻʩչֶ֮ʱͱһ壬޴ڵһɣʥ򵭵תˡ
ã
̫λ洫˶ʥ
̫λ棬ձԳ֣ҪͳͳնɱΪū޲ߣ
ڣɽһδ飬ܣ֮ǰɱУɣڷɳȻһ񣬼һԼ䡢һͷƷꡣ
ã׳֣ǲ֣˻ؽ磬߶֮޷ƽģ
ۿƷǿɣɱ̫λڸֲûеΣǿ֣ʵ߽ס˽ʵЩˣҪԿ˸߽׸֣ʵЩ˵ΣҶԶҶһ뿪ʼˡ
ӣƷʩչΪٶԶԶԽˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǿգҪɱ̫λӪ

ͻȻһ˴ӶĩֹͣŲǾķʥƷɣͻȻһȭֱӺȥ

ڷʥȭ£ȻһȭƷײֻǺǡ赲ٶȣʥת͸ϴ󲿶ӡ
壿ѵ壿Ϲ壿
Ʒɣû뵽Լᱻ赲ɭɭһЦ̰ʥƺõʥ̱ӿֲ׷ȥ
ಡ
̫λڸֲֻع磬вδʱƷ׶ɱǴ˿̣ͻȻ̫λһ磬ɳһɫ⣬ֱӳƷɷ
Ŷ
ƷɺȻͣ׷ɱɫԾüͷһ壺û뵽һˣȻССλ֮У
ɫ⣬Ȼһˣ̫λ棡
ݵţȥ
ɫͷŵɵϢ̫λ˶ò˼飬ƺʶɫӰԽ˻ϳˣҶҶҵˣҶ𺳵ؼң壡
塭ȻҶȴɫʱ͸Ӧ˭ֻһֱҡͷЦţ֮ϵţȻɾͲȻԽ˷Ϊˡ
壿òһףñ˧һˣձ˧㣬
Ʒɫسɱȥ
һ£ϣû¹ĺۼȻǵҶģʮ꣡
ͽް飬ҹе߰ͻȻӿɵƣ֮䣬һɫڳΪһӡǻƷɣݺݵϯ

Ʒ̫С½֮ˣһףУһŮӣˣͷŵӡȻ飬˱ףǱѡ
ߣ
ɲһ׷Ϸʥ򲿷δĸ֣һ˲𣬼ٶȷ֮С
ɶ񡭡ɶ񡭡
Ʒ̫⣬ƿͷҷؼٺɶ壬ɱ¾Խǿ󣬳Խףﵽ߽ף˽ףԴʵţҪ赲Ʒɣʵ


705 
ͳͳҲǣǿҪƽ磬Ҳܡ
ƷɱҶԶվڽ֮У˻ֺ
ߣ
Ҳսɽʵ̫ˣǿ߶ûУҲû룬ԥ˷硣
ڲ֪ߣˣ
ƷԭһףͻȻûŤһ䣬ȻΪһǣߴʮɣ죬һͬӣһҪʱವزס塣
ȥʱˡ

쳤ХͲסˣ

ȫֿʱȴȻһ𣬴һӡĽ
ݡ
ͻأһ̣Ͱ̶ϣץסᣬûδع񣬾ͳ缱ٷȥ
һϣȻƽҵķܣĪǣӵо׵ķû뵽дˣߣܣ
Ǵž޴壬ǳһ֣ɽʼȻԭһȣһ£˺ѿռ䣬ȻֻͨвʱȻǰ˺ѳһץݺץ
λ֮նɱˣҶԶɱڣڣҪʹλ֮ҶԶ̫ҵ۹ͨ
һŻǷһץ˺˵޷赲ͷŶĿ⣺

ڼʱ֣Χ˲Ǻݺײ屻ǧףǺ޷Ӧɭɭаɱǽ֣ܿ⣬Ѿƴ棡
𶯣
ۿٴֲĻǽʱͻȻһӿ֡
⡭Ҳ˲䣬ͷ޷һ£ռ䶼һ㣬оϢ߳
Ůҵģɣ
ǴЦݣʱǰǷצӣͳСץ

ڷצҪץʱԱգȻһֻƽ֣ȻſָסǷצȻָݺݵץסһָӺ棬߳һλааɭЦİ׷ͯӡ
壿ĳ裡
׷ͯ³룬ɵסָȻͿʼ
໣
Ƕʱһ챯ҽľѣ·ǿ𵴿ֲǼʷ籩ҪҽУȻֹ
ŻǷʹĲҽУ̫λ桢ɽ˫ȻȻĪ֪˺¡
㡢㡢㡭
ʹֻɸߴһҲȻ޴棬Ͱ͵ؿŰ׷ͯ³룬˫ͫӲףĸ֣˿ɵϢûУ֮ϡ
ʲô㣿үүǻţſ£
³аһЦŵûǾȻʵʵʮ֣³뿴գҶ磬ôǣ
Ҷ磡ռһɺƿص壬ͻȻ˫ͫһɢղǸȻ٣⡣
ɽȻ̫λ棬ȻɱǣҪȫɿܣػ̫λ棡
Ҷǣ纺һ߳գǰҶȵȻһЦƺȥĶԹһȥʵ壬ûĶԹֻҶؼҵĶԹһʲô
Ҷ˲䣬ͬӽӲ˰㣺㣡
ԣңӣϲ̤ɵͬǳƳǵţĹ⻷עûҺܸˣȥһжţղңҶţΪˣҶһЦһͨˣû֮
纺һֱ棬ûܿóݣ
̫λҲҵļң֮°ѣֻΪˡ룡оռʧȻ䲻˵һ䡣
Ҷ
˿̣̫λڣҶԶҶ졢ҶҶҶ˼ѣҶԶ˵ӯڽڸҶȣХһ
壬λֵܣѡ
Ҷתͷӿ̫λ棬ػһУĸޱȣһɹůϯȫһˣ
㡢㾹Ȼ̫λˣ˵ʱնɱ˾Ҷȣ
ʱȻϳҶݣѣɣԵʱҶɱɽݺɽи£һֱжţֻû뵽ҶȾȻ˱̬
ʱҶȣɱɽŵºɽòϽ½ɣҪɽԲн档
壬̫λ棬ǶΪܰɣλ棡
Ҷŭˣڵˣһַ޳ˣ˿ĳָһһʱ䣬ǾͿһӶ޷ǵһĻ
ʲô
ɽǿߣͻȻȻֱȻһΰ־ֱΪ籩ģؾӣûлᣬѸ
˺ɨ֮ƣɽһȫƿأǿɣ빥㣬κιԱܣ֣ǾԵ
ৣ
ʱӰ̫λɳ
ҶҶ˾ࡢԪءʸɡ˷ʥ˷顢껡͡±ơϽ߳輧﹨ͣҢʽֵܵȵȣǶһ⣬ҶҶԶ
壡
˷ɹҶǰʱҶһͳҶԶҶǰӡʦ˰ĸ飬˲ӿͷ
ҶԶۿһ󣬲ǧ꣬ʿ˵治ʲôǣ·м겻ҶԶҶ˸ӵҵĺöӣ
ҶҶԶ󻳱УŸ״ůҵ̤ʵޱߣϵؼġ
ͥİԶǴ޽ӿȣȴܸܵ
þ֮˶ĬĬţܰ۶жţ
ȶ
ڣҶ˫ͫȻҶԶһο𺳣Ǹˣطϲã
꣬ҶȻΪŵıѣ˵䳰ȷΪ׵ˣȵĥ尾ʱҶʱҶվͬҹеָƣҶСһ·ߵ졣
ҶȼҪҶ£ҶһסҪҶݣУ˲ǾٶҶ֪Ӱ죬ҶȼҶ壬ҳɹˣûк㣬ǲн죡һṲ̆۷壡
ҶҲ쳣£ꡢпѣʵĲûʲôֻҪʱ򣬸ָ˷˳ɾͣģ嵱Ҳû뵽Ҷһ˲õĺˣ


706 
壡
һҶƺ𣬵Ƿ־ǿηԼжҶ־η
ֵܣ
ʱ뾣ӺûҶȷӦ˾ͰҶȱݺݵתһȦͣ¡
λֵܣҶ໥Ц䲻ֵܣȴʤֵܣ
Ҷ˼򣺡ʲôλֵܣЩʱɽ̨ǳʱֵֿԱȼս
ˣ
ȻߴӰ߳Ŀ࣬ͷԶصϢǾ壬᷽ʥ顣
ɷ˵ֱӸҶȹ£֮ǿնڲľ壬ҲҪɽ羪춯أ

ʸɡҲ̲סǰΪҶһǿߣҶҲˣ޷
ࡢҶԪء±ơԯġʥġ껡͵˶׷طϲãͫʪˣ󲿷ʵҶѹҶȺ˽ģ´ԴÿǱУԴ˽ȣÿˡ
һˣĵˣݣ֪ݻĵĵ
ȶЩɽǿδ
˶Ҷ˵ϻһ֮ҶԶҶһͬǱɽ
ɽǿߣǶɽ˼սڵͼ̫λ˵һɿֲ׻𣬽ٴλ񣬶ֵˣ͸ýĳ塣
ɵӣҲܲԼ˺ˣٽְɣ
Զ̫λɣΪĿܣ
ҶȺȻ𣬸£֣˫ִһɫģȻľͼӳ֮С
ˣ
ʹ֮Уıֶ֮뷴ǿѹƣעԺһ־ͱĨɱˣɫӿԺ
飬ɣ
ҶȺȻ̫λ棡
ˣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һͯʹ̫λɳλͯǵ飬Ϊ̫ҵ۹Ϊصռ䣬Ϊλߣλ󷨣ƿء
ΪʶֻҶһˣͲڣ
ЩпȦúʹΪ̫λЧҶȷ֮䣬ʹհǾ޴ģһ£ûҶȰѷ顣
ǣˣ
պ÷Ȼգ˫һӡֻĨɱ־Ϊܵǿߣ룬̫λ档
̫λ˵һ鷳ҶģֱǳĹѴ鷳㶨
λǾͻ̫ҵ۹£
ߣ
ܣ̫λ棬ҶҶԶ˷ܵشһǣҶȾˣ̫λ棬Ҳ˸纺³룬ڴʱ˿ֻ̣һҶȣ
ɽִ½ˣҶֻع½磬Ȼ̫λʢ£
ৣ
ǧǿߣ֣磬ͽ̫λ򣬽žͽ̫ڵ̫ǡ
̫̫λ棬ΪʥȨе
ȶ̫ҵ۹ѷ伸ҲһЩǿսħλ棬ռ䣬вٵĸ֣аħǱߣͳͳնɱ
̫ǣ̫һʳϿգҶԶҶлʸɡˣ纺³ԱߣһͬҶԶԻ͵̫ҵ۹ĳǳأʿɾϢ
̫λֱͳΪʥأ
Ҷܵλ򣬼˴󣬾ӪѧԺѧԺΪ̫ѧԺ򣬵²򣬷ԽԽ٣ʿŲӿ֣ٹǧ꣬ͻӿǿߣ

Ȼ֮䣬ҶȾȻһɺ嫺Լӿȫ̡ܽ׽̵ȵа̣׷ϱ
սɷںϷһǿʱ纺ϸ˿شݶ
ɲܰװ˷ˣ
ҶͷùԶӿǿʢҶȵ̫λ棬ɨķ̫ҵ۹Ϊ壬඼ڤڤ֮жҶȹ׳
ñһŷṦΰȻܵôһ۶ʮ
ȷӡпƳɷԼʱҶҶҶԶ̫ҵ۹羰ʱͰѴڷӡ
ҲڴʱҶҶԶƺһֱע纺ҶԶȶŮ˭ǹϵǳ
Ǻǣ
Ҷȸպ÷ӡɣʣǺһЦ壬ǲô纣ǰκߣ֪
ӣ˼˼
ҶԶҶû뵽纺ͨ޷ĸ֣оһ޷ˣæ纺ʾǸ⡣
纺󷽵壬ǫʩ񣺡λԺ纼ɣ
ãããȶ½Ҫú㿪ģȥʳǰɣᶼ׼ˣ
ҶҶԶû뵽纺˺˵ɽǸ߸ϵģ֮࣬Ҳ֪ҶԶϵ򵥣Ҳ˵ʲôҶȡ纺³룬˷̫һʳǡ
Ȼʳǹ㳡ͼʮ̫ҵ۹ǿߣɾŹ㳡ڻʸɡЩӺڿϯ̨
ҲÿҶȣǰǸҶȣٴۣվͺúúһ飬ȣ
˶ҶȣȸÿУֻи߸ϵҶȣλߣնɱɣ޷Ĵڣͬһ㣬ҫ޹ҫ
ȣ
ʮ˹ͬٱȹⱭоƣţǰԺݴ½ľˣ׷ϯ̨Ҷ˵ȥҲҶȸмѣҶһͳλ棬Ϊ
ԺǧԺԭȵˣҶȺһһЦȥѹȥǸԡҶµĸ֮УɻԺĹȥ
ֵܣ
ҢʽֵܣҢҢҢ§žֱ̳ˣ
λ硭Ǿʲô˵ˣɣȾƣҶȶҢʽֵܣҢҢҢҲһֱѣм仹ˡ
Ңȹһ̳ƣȻüͷһ壬˼ȻʵˣӺܶû䣬ֵ֪ܵڸѰңһడ
ˡλһȣҸһ£
Ҷȷ´룬һ纺ע£ر۾ǿ־ںλ汾ԺѰԼϢ
˵ҶȾѪֻҪ̫λ棬κν䣬κοռ䣬ҶȶӦ
Լ
ҶȻۣüҲҢһ㣬ɻҡҡͷûϢʩչͨǸоϢѾڳԽɽйʱ䶺ѷɽȥ


707 ׺ɣ
ӡɽ磿Ңʽֵһ¶źź֮ȷʵһЦݡ
ҢǿˡȻͲҪ˷λᣬúõΪˣΪˣ
ǵģҢҲĬĬף
ˡħġ
ҶԶǣħĸһ̣ޱض˵ˣħģǺޣȻܣ׹ħˣħġ
ҶԶһ˰̣
Ȼѷȥͱ˵Щĵ£ˣֵȥֵܺȾƣ
ҢҢҢҡҡλεȥһˡ
ˣ纺ѸղһԻһ
ġ
ҶҲ纺ʵҲʲô纺һȥ취ǣҶȰѵȥѰٵ¹ǣĲ⣬˵纺
纺úϸ棬һֱûж飬֮غӣǿ˵ĺܶԣ׻ħȴ޷ĽᣬҪҪﵽΪʱա취򣬻صȥһĻܵ˺֮ǰʱȥݹȥпƽħ
ҶȳڹȥĻʱ纺˳֪˵һҶȻعݹȥ
纺ͷ취򣬻صȥ
򣿷ôȥı䡭֪ܲͨ
һ˿üĿҶãȻĿǰûаգۣʱȻˡ
ȶ
ȻһҶ˼ҹεҶһ
ĸף
ҶվͼԪش£ĸܽ첽ˮ߹˲ҲҶ£ף£ĸرһҶԶҲԱһڴۣ
𣬵գһһ𣬵길ܽ׼ҾүץߣҶһ˷ֿ꣬Ҷַɽ磬ʱ̽ǧ꣬ҶȲŻع顣
һǲף
־ۻ֮£Խ֣ʮȥϯ̨Ҷȼľ˻ˣԴԴ
Ҷȡ
˿̣ˣҶȲɫΪˣ壬
ŵȻҶʱһ𣬺Ҷȱָű䳰ȷҶ޵ݣ˻飬ޡ
һл֮ԴͷؼҰ£ڱ֮ʱݺݵҶȣǵѷ죬Ҷ޷УҪҶͷ­ҶԶҲ޷Ҷȱ˼ů˶Ľţһ³Ϊ־޴䣬ÿ˶ܳܵס
ڣҶȼͦɹ
򹦣Ӳǣֳ֣ܸ裬Լ壬ˣ֣ͨͨģԾţΪӽӡ
꣬ҶȳΪŵӣɱƳǣؼ׼Ҳڽ£ٺҶһͳ̫λ棬ȴûնɱյˣţ
飬ܻøһˣһ𡭡
ҶȻٱһɨսţҲѵҵ򣬶ڣǹţǲüɵңûɱǣδΪǣҲᣬҲҪлǣеʼٸߣҸлǣϵллǣҲףԶģ
⡭
ţסˣҶʲôˣƾһͳλǾʹľҶȣղð˿̣ͻȻҶ̹ϵףԸ̫ʵ
ףҸ
ҶҲǣԺһ
Ҷȡû뵽˴ȣȻһŹǣҲŹңҾͿˣȻɱϣȴǼȵˣлл㣡
뿪ȻȥҶ˵
ӣұûʲôԹؼҶҵ£һӵĶԹƳǶʧˣȥΪ̣
ҶһԻҶȼЦ˵ģͻɣǷˣõĴУɽδкδ㣿
Ȼһԣܿعͷͫ˸һ˿ɻ󣺡ţһͬϽ磬һҲ½磬Ϊ½޷Ҳ⣬ãɽ϶ȷΣ򱶣һŮӣôţɽҲǴ粽УֶΣɽһʱɽ磬һǻһþһͬϽ磡
뷨
Ҷû뵽뷨˳졢ȫ棬ûΪҶȱǿƣǹȥӰ˵ĳɳ˲٣ҶȹĿ࿴
ȹȥˣϲ
峯ҶȵͷĮ뿪ˣ
ȥ纺ҶȶӣŮϣһɼΪϵĴУȻһڵһɫӡǣһȫںϣȷɾͲݺӣ
纺仰Ҷ˺һҪܣǲԣҪ۷Ԫ񣬵纺ȴһƲͿҶȲòλ֮УһΪѩŮӣѵӵд֮ľţ
һŮӣҲӵת֮壿纺΢һ¡
ѩ
ǺҶҲѩĹȥͳͳظ纺޿ռֻڵ¹ǣѩսľֵ֣߸纺纺úϸȻû˵֡
ľǺܷḻŮ顭죬Ҷ˵纺޵һƳŷڸҶȣˡ
˵ҲҪʱΣȻѡҵǿеΪͬһӪϾûз֤ͻҲѣֻǲϣΪնɱ˵죬˶ң
Ҷȼæ㿪纺񣬿ʼͷǿԪ˲̫λ
ʵּλ汾ԴںϣҶԪ͸Ӧλ漸ÿ䣬ÿʱգ
գһ
֡ѩŵһͬȥ̩أ·Ͳˡһͳλ棬ƺҲ޷ӦϢλ涼ûСˣ
ҶȻ˫ۣջԪɻѡ
ѵѩͬһΪﵽɾɽȥҶȻĳһͷ
ѩʲ岻£죬Ҳһƺõһʥ֮ĴУִУ˫ޣΪͻͻ񼸰ȥ϶ɳһܸߵĸ߶ȡ
̩ڣȻʧ̫λ棬ʧҶȾѩܿܣͬһƽٶɽ磬ڷطҶȶӦһ˿˿Ϣ
ѩǰұѣһɽϣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ޷ݣѩ֮ĹϵҲѩԵ֮Ҳ˵
ŮˣƱ䣬׽ģ
λֵܣɣղ顭
˺һҶ纺ʼˡѡֵʹѵõľۻʱ⣬³룬ֱǸƹܿ͸̫λ˻ˣûȡ
Ǻǡ
纺һЦɫɴεı顣


708 ᱾
ʢ£Ҷܶ˼棬ȻҲʶٵ½֣ȻܱϴʥġҶţûгֹ
һǧ꣬Ҷȴδɹ칬˰㣬壬̫λ棬ֻˡˡ۵ãȥ֮¡
ֺʱ⣬Լһͽˣ
½Ŀ֮һҶȻʱ̼ţҶԶҶóһᣬʼѡǿߣһҶҶԪءʸɡ巽ʥʮλˣ齣ŵĽ±ԼӽڡԭǧλԺʥԼҶȵκ޳Ңֵܡԯĵˡ
ȻӣӨӨաأһʮˣ̫ҵ۹ΪߵǿߣȻ̫λ滹вٵ½ţЩֻʣȴûкۼҪĥҶҲ׼ЩϽ硣
ʣ಻ߣҶ졢˾˾˾ࡢԼ껡ЩǿߣѾĥòˣ˵̫λ治ܸ߲һȫ뿪̫λҪҶʵӵϵʺ̫λ档
ҶҶԶܽ塢ŽʮˣҶԶټλи߲ǿߣڻʳٿܻ飬Ȼ°ְλȵȣһϵ鴦ãʮ˾ͺܿۼڻʳ֮С
λڵ󣬲һ²ɵɵͳͳʮ£ɽٳɣɾ磡
ʳķĸأڻʹµع֮У쾵ͼǿֶΣʳǾһֻҲɲ
ʳ룬һ޴̫λ漸ʮǿߣҶڴգϵ
ʮͻɣ
˼ѣȻʮͻƣȥҶȹͣǰΪɾ߽ףвǵͽףҶɵ£ɸ⡣
λһƽ٣̤ɽʱ̣½̫ҵ۹Ͻʥиɱ¾ʼɣ
ڣϣҶվߣˣһӣһſͨɵͷˣ
ӣָҶɽ٣
Ҷһͳ̼࣬ǰ˵
̫λ棬ڵӵ֮⣬³ˣҶѾ³̫λ棬ͽƿأ֮ˣҶ֮Ҫˣ˿⡣
ͷģ
塢λͷڴ˶ɽٰɣҶһһˣȻһͲˣʣ¼ʮ˿ʼɵֲһһͻơ
ʳǵع֮£̫ҵ۹Ľأ
ˣ
Ҷ纺˲߳ڵع쾵ͼƯڵعģǶ޴̫¯֮У̫¯ȼգںλ澫Щ½磬Ҳܶߡ
纺Ҷʾ⣬һԣҶȿֳ飺飬̫¯֮УҪѴ߶λ澫㻹ҵںϣ۷壬Զ̫λ棡
ಡ
ϵط̫¯֮У
񡭡
ҶվڵعգһץһӴľӿֳҶͬڰųȼա
Ҫѳ񾫻Ϊλ汾Դ񣬲λﵽ۷壬Խɽλڵĸ߶ȣ
򾫻λ澫֮ǰ̩λ̫ͼһֱûоΪһλҲŲϽ߲֮У̩꣬飬Ϊ̩ԿףҶȵõȫۼһʵóΪλ汾Դ񣬴λ汾ʴﵽɽλȼԽɽλ档
Ҷ½Ŀ֮һô̫ҵ۹Ӣɽ磬Ҫװ̫λΪ߼λ棬Զ䣡
ˡ
õҶȾע룬ʱֳʰĹԽĿȻҶȾͼλѪһͬλ澫ںϣҪҶҲǿҵظܵ
Ҷ£ϵλ壬ǿҸӦǼʷ籩ӿ򼸺𵴡
ξѪڿ̫λΪҵıλ泹ںϡ
Լ¹ȥðɾ޴󣬺ʵԲҶȿʱ죬һѪһʶ뾫ѪںһȻذں־ľѪ볽
һ̫λ潫ΪҶı䣬ֻҪ̫λ治䣬Զζ⡣
̩ǿߣں˳񣬳Ϊλ֮
ǣ̩Щǿ󣬲ǷˣֻҶ֮ǰںλ澫ںϵλ̩ڰɽ类׽壬û̫λ渴
Ҳһ˵ǣҲں򾫻ںϣȻҲڵǸ
Ҫںһλ棬ҪǿΪˡһˣУɵۼ֣һЩʲ
Ҷȵ־ǿѪ̺ǧʢ߳ںϳ񣬲űԴλʱգҶκ⣬Ӵ˾Ϳλٴθ
ͨԹŶɵۼǿ߲ģ
Թ̩־һ£ڴʱ˿̣ȴҶʵˣ
ھǲͷ־Ҳܸ̫ܵλʱգΪɣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾʹ߶ڲ־־þѪʼڲ߶񣬳ʼȼҶȵ־뾫ѪٴںУ־ϵӣǻɫ𽥱ǳǺɫ
׺ɣ
ų仯Ǻɫһīھ޴ʯĲʱҶŲͷ־ƺλ֮Уޱ仯ʱ˳֮Уۿڱѱ䣬֮з籩ھ캧˰ı
Ǽʷ籩ʯ÷飬ǳңԶǿո͸ʧȥ򣬿ʼγλɱ䣬壬ľݡ￪ʼʰ쵵ĳֳ
ĵ˵Ϊصİأ
ȻҲл
౾ݽߵǼʷ籩ӿһ룬Ϊ֮УˣΪ˳ǿ֮Уֻᵮ
ѭϣ
򡭡ԭôһ¡
ȻһҶ֮׷Ĳǳհ壬Ȼⲻ˼һĻ
ҶȸоԼʵץס˿ǣۼ֤˷ΰޣڰžֳ
ֻϧҶֻǴɣɵ۶ǣɵۣԿø壬ԶȻ֮
ֻǿģһҲץס


709 һͳ
䣬ȻųɱΪڼţûҶȿϸУһоŲâʧȻֹ
񡭡̫λڴӵͼλ棬ɱΪ߼λ棬ɽλ沢뷲߲򣬽ɣ
Ҷ̴ǿҲס֮ʩչ̫ķӡѲι̵طӡڵعԷӡһģɵۣҲֻѹһЩرߡ
һͨӡ֮ҶȾʹ纺˲̫λ۷֮⣬վڷǿ֮УҪʼ̫λɽλָ߶ȣ
̫ҵ۹ع֮У鿪ʼʩչҶµķӡ߶̫¯ȼգ̫λڲʼҶǣ纺ֶ̫λһץץסطϷǿա
һˣȻһλ棬ۣ֮Ǻε׳벻˼飡
СѣλΪ
Ҷ֮ʱһ־棬̫λͬϸӿֶ档
ҶȻ͸оϢӿԼ棬⣬Сһ׮ϧǳۣ԰һɽĵͼɽ磬Ƴɱ
վɽ֮۵СѿɲҪǱȼ磬ڴɾɾͳۣ԰λ棬ԴɽȥΪɽ磬Ϸ򿴺㣡
˵仰־ͻΪӰɢ
ҶĿȥʼ̫λ棬ҶȱɽλԽԽڹķ棬Ҳܼĸ߲λ棬ɽⷽǿλ棬ȻռʮСһλ档
Ȼ̫λ˴£ɽλǿߣɣ᲻֪ǲǲ֪ǹװŲ֪ΪҶȰѻǵȵɣɽǿߣ˿ܣǻҸҶȿ
Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣпɽΪʱҪսˣ
ͣ
̫λ治ϵǿգλͼ뷲߼ʼҵĦ̫λţҶͷŸǿҵҲϵע̫λ֮Уý̲ݡ
Լһ깦̫λҶǿ£ڳԽɽλ棬Լɽ߳أ̫ͣλͻأǶڷ߼ǿ֮С
ҶȽ̫̫λڣɲ˼׳٣̫λ߿գǵبδеĴ棬ɽЩλ棬඼ڳ¡׺ɣ仯£Ųϵɸ߼λ档
̫λ棬׵һˣ
ʱ̫λ棬ࡢ壬λ񷣬λľ޴仯ÿΪھɱ䣬緲ֻܻһ꣬ʹﵽ꣬꣬ʿͲ˵ˡ
½һƻˣλڲ仯ȥɱ䡭ܶʱյǿߣҶҪһһѹ
ѹŵһʯˣҪһ£ǰΪԭ򣬴ʱաλ桢ʱգ̫λںϵʱգͳͳѹ޿ռִڡ
־ޱߡ
񷣬Ҷȸ̫λ棬ӿǿ־һһ⣬ϵ͸̫λÿһʱգÿһÿһʯ
ŵ´ڵĺ޵򡭡
ܿ죬ҶȾͷʱգ統ŵĺ޵򣬵ɴУնɱаͣɱҵĸ֣õһƬ½ڹ֮УõĴ޽ȵȡ
޵ֻһЩͼаͣͳͳĨɱ
Ҷ߶־ɨͼаʱа;ͱĨɱ־ûһʹࡣ
ħλ桭Ȼɾͨ쾳ɾħǿߡ
һϤʱճҶǰǾϤڵ¹ǵħλ棬һȽصʱգҲΪ棬κҶ˼ǵ¹ǣΪȡ𣬽ħλ棬ǡѩŵ죬ֱħλһǿصħ֣ܶ顣
˭˭־ħλ棿
ȻҶ־ħλ棬ʮƵħͷʼѣȻ߶ħλʱɽһͨ쾳ɾħͷ־Ȼϴ߶磬ҪҶ־Կ
ȻֻϺ
ҲɱǣͰħλ棬ƳΪ̫ҵ۹֮ذɡҶ䳰м־˲λγһħλ棬ʮ͸ѹӡ
ɶ񰡡࣡
ħλЩħͷҶǿʵԶؽΪ̫ҵ۹ŵ֮ء
ʱգֳһһҶĨɱ磬̫λںϣʶڣĨɱ
ӡ
Ҷȵ־ϵ͸̫ҵ۹Ϊģϵ̫λ͸Խ˵ʥڵңԶ򣬲ϵңԶңԶľ룬̫ҵ۹ܷչ򣬴ڴʱǿߡ
ЩǿΪﵽɾ۷壬ȻܸܵҶǿ־׷Ҫӳ̫λ棬ȥλܡ
ҶʵǿͷЩλǿߣǧˣʥʵӳ̫λ棬ܣλ᲻ɴݲ˵Ҷ־ٶȣҲߡ
ôǿߣеħͷеϹǿߣеߣ˭ֻҪģҶһһ־ΪŬڳߣҶҲ־ȴɣȻԷɽ磬̫ҵ۹ˡ
ЩҶȴδӴܲȫΣ־ԼУΪˣɽ磬ΪʥЧ
һʱѣҶȵ־ȫ͸̫λ棬Ҳλһͳգ
ڿԷˣ
Ҷջ־Щǿߣ׷״ķ̫ҵ۹Ҷİš
˿̫λ治ΪıȫƿأԺͲٷ½֮¡
Ҷת纺ʱ䲻࣬纣ǿµҷȡӣ
粢Ĵڣ̫ڤǿ󣬴˵޷ȥһȥҲ޷յ纺ͫһĨۣƺڵҲΪɵ
̫ڤǶңԶĴ˵ˣǷĴڣû֪ҽ磬浽硢ܣ
ҶҲû뵽纺ǿߣɵ˵İɣ֪ʮ٣
ʮ١û纺˼һ󣬺濴Ҷȡ
û
Ҷ˲;㵣ˣ纺ĴڣӦ˽⣬Ȼ֪ʮ١
ΪĿ齫һ۾ϳʮ١磬ȴ֪ʮ١
˼һҶȶδףֻ˵һ㣬ʮٵĴڣǵΪصܣһп֪ܶ
ȥɣ
̴߶Сǧǣ纺һͬһʧڷǿա


710 ʮ
˲ʹ̫λ϶ˣ¶޾ǿգҶȴ߶Сǧش󣬾ӵͼķʱգӦϢȻš
ϢŨҡ
ܿҪͶ˽磬纺ץסҶȣԽڵʱգѹúԿء
ಡ
СǧȻԽͶ㣬һ¾ʹȥˣţҶϤĺڰ磬ﻹǵֻǷ֮ʱա
統ͳħ𡢵졢졢桢̩½磬ȥ̩ʱ龰࣬ӷ׹Щʧȥֻʣʯʣϵʱյȥ
ԽԽ࣬ŲմŵĿҺ壬ʴ򣬺̩ܿڵĺѹѹĵ棬ûУɡ
Сǧǵ㣬Ѷ𣿡Ҷ纺һֻ°صϣϢĵ˵
ֻеһڣҲǵʱգ²߼Ҫܴ󣡡
Сǧдݶ
ãʼɣ
Ҷ̴߶̫һڵκñѹҲǣԼҲǣǴ߶̫һΪķ㣬纺γ㣬ִ߶Сǧ˲ͳں㴩
͡
Ȼ뷲˽硢ɽȫ磬СǧҲ΢΢Ħǵ磬̲ѣҺСǧҶȵպһϣƽ
գ֮䣬Ҷ纺ͼĴʱգŤ仯ţҰȼţԹ׹䡢ڰϢʲôȫ̡ܽɽħ̶֥㲻ϡ
Ȼ£죬˵ԡɵĽϣȻͬԴյ纺壬ûҶȣȻܵѹȡ
Ҷ£Ȼ˿ûų⣬ܵѹ
̫һǴʮ֮аģڵ˵硢󴫳ʮٵĽ壬֮ǰܵ󴫳У˵Լ˲࣡
һͣڴһŤռ䣬һˣҪԽ㣬ҪĴʱ䡣
ڣҶǵĵҶ纺ǰ
һƬճ̫ڤ̺Թ׹䡢ڰаȵ¥ڵ˸ţշ˵ǹӰĹż̫ڤʴһƬߣԶûмƵģʱʱͼӹ񷣬ееޡ
Ǻ硭纺ɨ磬ͫһ֮ʼѹãͿɵڵС
ȥ²̫Σգɽ磬һֱٻö¶ˣ
ҶͻƴɾһθܵСʱ̣ӵʵڵȴҲСĺܣҶǿ־ȥܵڸ²ĵ磬ڷǳµϢ
ǵǿ磬ҶȾ粻ͻƣڵʶҲԽԽץסġ
纺·ƺ˼Ӳĵʣ籾ǹͬڵģһãһĵײ㣬ڣҲͬȼģǱǲ棬Ҳ磬ֻĸ߲㣬ϡǴﵽʮµǾǴ粽Уѹֱӱ

˲ͷ־ԶصϢںϵ򣬲ϵ͸ڶ㣬ϵɢ
ѸӦϢ
գҶȲջ־ǵȻ˼飬ҶȸоԪЩήҲ
Ҷȿʼָյֱӱ̫һգתΪ纺վһԣȴš
ٿ
˿̣һڰϢȻӵһµ֮УϵرҶۣǣ纺˺󼸲ĿںڰϢ֮ϡ
ˣ
ԼڰϢͻأʧڰϢȼҶ纺ǰγҶһĺ۷ǵںƵȻҲһҶȡ
Ҷǣ纺ǰ𾪵ĴŶסΪȻﵽף˼鰡
ȻҶȲ˼飬𾭹ǧ꣬Ͼգúܶڲǧڣӷ˽ɾһֱǱޣͬʱ䣬ֻǲͬĻ£ȻҶΪ߳ôࡣ
Ҷ֪ʵȻףһͷʮԴﵽɵ۾ʵҲǣӵɵʵ
ɵۣȻӵɵʵҶ𺳵˵
ͷųһɾƿصƬռ䣬ڷ¿ţЦʮ٣ڲϵյҲ̤²ֻҪʮ磬Ǵﵽʮ˲ʮջɳ㿴ɣ
ɲǼ䣬ŷƿʱգʱվͬ򣬼᲻ɴݣʮٵ÷ĵ˫ֺһȻһ֣ʱһԲεĺڰ⻷֮Уȴ쵶ĿѤ⻷⻷룬ͳһѰ䣬׳ʱڣͷž߲⻷
ʮ٣
ҶȿĿתʮʱȫ״̬ʮڳɳˣɣΧ룬Ĵһ㣬Щ뻹ڲϵŷҪԷΪ͸ڡ
룬һεҶÿһҶ澹ȻֳŤĪ⣬ҿȥʮٵҶŷΪʮƵġ
⡭ʮ٣
纺ͫ˸߲ʹ⻷Բϵ˸ţȫʮһüƺǴ˵е֮
Ҷһ㶣֮
ŵϢ纺ͫ˸ҵļ֮УںԶĻʱȷһŹϵ˵֮ǹͨ˵ֻϧǴ˵֣֮ҲǲϵشģҲʮٲ֣

֮ҲãϹţǴ˵ѣܶ෨вͬĴ˵˭ʮٴڵʷ̫˼顣
˴ӣڿţ㹻߽ף
Ҷ纺֮У˫ֺһʮپʧųֵһӡ
ĺããͻɽ翪ʥ̻ᣬҪӣýȼü֮Ҷ̰ѷӡڣӣ·Ҫļƻ֮һ
ڿӣ̫ˣһôӣҶͻɵۣϣʥҪɽ緢չЩӣɽĴǿߣҪƷǴɳҲѷɫ֡


711 ԳƵٷ
½磬ҪĿ֮һЩӣ̤ɽ磬չҪ׶ΣҪ
ҶȾϲѣ˴ӣԼȥʥչ̻ᣬӿǱеı˽ʵΪ˵粶׽ֻǶ֮ӣɽǿ
ϴǶ۾õİڶִɳּڿŵӣҶҪʥΪɽһɣۺ
ﻹʮ֪֮Ҫÿµתƿռʱռ
֪ץһӡҶȣ
֮ʮ䣡
ҶȾϲ𾪲ѣʼǰڿŵӣʮ֮ҶΪˡ
֮ǱȵӻҪٱϱԹɽǿߣǱҪĿ꣬Ƕȡ֮Ϊ֮꣬Ԫȵң֮Ҳһһ˿ͻᱻ֮ǿƣնɱ
ʮ֮Ҷչʥ£ɽֱ绢ǸҶȽ˴鷳
ã˵֮ɽ֮·Ҳƽ̹ܶ࣬ȥɣˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷ䣬Щ룺Ϣ𣿡

ϢӢüһ᣺ûУұͬԴΪ˲˷ֻ֣ʮϢڤڳ˯֮У㲻֪ЩҲϣһ˽⣡
ϡȻֻһܣ̫ڤϵȣϣ̫ڤҲڤĺᣡڴʱһֱ˶Ի纺˵ˡ
Ҷȶʱ纺ֿ̫ڤĺ᣿ĪǣڤҲ̫ڤĺ᣿
˵ǣ̫ڤĺᣬף壬Ѫĵƿߣֻнʮµĵ磬Żڤ壬ϲڤ֣Ҳⷢһڤƪ֪ģ
Ҷ˵
ڤпܾ̫ڤĺᣬҲڤĺᣬ˵ڤǸпܾǳԽˣͬ󲢴ĵǿߡ
ʱ䣬ҶȱȥٻһڤѰڤĳŵһֱУڤһֱġ¶ġһ˳˯ȥҲ֪ڤҲڵȥٻ
ǣ֪ڤ̫ڤĺᣬ׵ڤ壬ڤ壬ڵ²ŴţҶΪ²㣬ֻķݣ´ǧͼҲܴﵽȥ
ڣҪٻѰڤǲܵġ
ҵڤ֪ڤľҶ½һҪƻ֮һϧƻɣΨƻҪˡ
ȻҲڤҶֵõӡּ֤֮ʮٵĳɳﵽĿ꣬ҶȿЩȴﵽ󾳽磬ɣﵽҲ磡
õģȥˣ
˵꣬ĬĬػΪڰ棬һȥˡ
ڤʲôˣڣһֱκ£һĮ纺̲סʳղһֱ⡣
ڤ
Ҷȴδ纺̴ӵħһĶǵḶ́һһεظ纺
֮УҶҲвϵظڤģڤоԼΣΪһŵҪȥ뿪硣
֮ҶȺô˵ˣҲ纺֮󣬿ݸһЦԭȻӦҪȥΪŵڵ㣬ȥѰ
ͬΪŮˣͬıôꡭȫĸܣ
纺ֿ˵
һģȻ˳ŵһɣȻҲɱǶ۾ҳյܣص磡߰ɣ
Ҷٶǣ纺ۻ֣߶Сǧ̳ȥ

ϵĦҶܸܵСǧܵѹȣϾСǧɽƶɣֻͼ顣
Сǧɣ
ҶĲ̣СǧԸǴ߶Сǧٻڣʩչ̫һ纺
߶ǿͨȥĦԽǿң̫һκˣһУ۷壬Ҷ˫ֺݺݵͷ̫һսƿһӡ

ӣҶǣ纺ӣ
ŤʱտʼˣҶ纺ɳ磬Ȼڵ֮УѹȻˣУҶ纺ڷɳаճ磬ȻͲܵκѹȣǿһ˾Ϳʼ˽߼ǿշȥ
ҶȽ뷲˽磬һصٷɽߴ뷲˽磬Ҷ˫üһ壬ӦϢ̻һץֹͣڷ֮У
Ȼ־ٷһɽĪꡭ
ҶҲ룬Ϊһɽ磬鷳ܴһɽ紫ٷǴɡ

ٷʱգҶȸܵٷϢʱʱЦֳٷץȥƣȻǳƵϢ
㾭ᵽǸħѣ纺һ࿴ȥټҶȻּ顣
ҶȵͷͷȲҪץԳƵٷˣ֪Ŀ齫𣿡
纺΢΢׵Ŀ齫ĴˣҲݣػߣǴ˵ѣѵλħѣĿ齫
Ҷȵһ㲻⣬纺磬֪Ŀ齫ǺȻģĿ齫ת½磬ȻڻûȫѣõĿ齫У
ɲˣ
˭֪纺ȴɫĮϹżأĿ齫ĴˣҲػߣȷ۹Ϊ۹֮۹ӵȨߣȻҲǴ˵ҪλѣָУȻˣĿ齫תֻ˵緢˴£
£ˣǳΪ֪ˣ
ڣҶһ־ͷϤϢٷ̽⿪ӡħϤĺӿ
ϴҾ֪½磬һɽ磬Ҳһң㲻ΪҵģоѱҶᣬ󣬾̤˾ɽ磬ǱţܿͻõսףãǾͻˣͨµĴ󣬸ӦϴһɽϢҾͷ־ϧϴߵ̫죡
ҵʵѽӽɵۣȡսһ֣Ѳ£ˣҰ׽̵ıأ׽ڵĵϴٷϢܸӦвٱԭоҲһɵתߣΪҵ½ս׶½磬ֻϧһͨɵۣıأɵۼģϴڴ
ħֿʧ

ҶְּħɵֻۣҪָɵʵնһȻоôǳƶֻ֣о쾹ȻҲɵתΪѰս׶ת½磬ƶȡսףҲǱ˵ҪΣա̫ࡣ
Сӣģһɵ۱أ纣߰ɣҶЩȲصһɽ磬Ҷµɵ۱أǣ纺̫λ档


712 Ͻ
̫λ棬ӷ˽ӽĺڰ˽۷貵ǿգҶ纺Ҳǲһ

̫λ֮⣬Ҷ纺ͼ̫λϿգ˽һɹϵƽϢϵ񣬸оɽбϵˮҡҡؽ̫λ档
һ
̫λ棬̫֮ϣɴټγһ޴Уתһٽ̫֮ڡ
׳ۡ
Ҷ̲סֲ̾÷˽֮䣬㲻شţ˽ȷҲǷͬѰ̺
˽磬½̽Ѱһͳ磬ɽЩɣ˭ɽɷһˣۣΪ޷һδѷ˽ȫ滭
ʮٺ󣬵ȷˣҴɽٲ࣬û˸ȥ·˽編򣬷ߣҲһȻɽֲҲ޷ݻٵĴڣ
ಣ
˵֮䣬ҶȾʹ纺̫ǡ
ȶ
ս̫һʳ֮ϣҶԶҶ̫ҵ۹Ȩߣ͸ӦҶϢʱϲӭҶ纺
ϲ壬ɾˣӴЦ̤Ҷû뵽ԼϢᱻô֣Ϣһţ;ϲҶҶԶѾɽٳɹΪߵĴڣˡ
峯һһɹɽٵˣɲֹ
Ȼ
ҶźĿ⿴ȥֻҶҶǧԭʥġʸɡĸܽһһɹɽ٣ԪءԯġҢֵܡʮκ޳ӨӨաءš±Լӽڲڶɽ١
˶ˣڶɽ٣׳ۣҶȣҲδһʱôͬʱɽ٣ֻݡ
ʱ̫еʿۼڻʳΧ̫λʿĿ׳۶ɽʢ
Ҷɽٶʲô⡭ֻо塭
еУҶȶԼõȻģһ˵Ȼ£Ƕھ壬ĺ˵ɽپʮֿµģΪĺᣬΪˣ͵ڿˣپʮֲֿ
Զɽ֮УҶڴʥȶʮλˣҶУյþսҶҲ֪ΪΣĺߴڵľ壬뷲磬ƿսҲ
ȻҶʮΪڣ󲿷˶ʱﵽɾʮ۷壬Ȼѡɽ٣ֹʮֻ꣬ʣ¾ʮˣˣһһоնɽٳɹΪˣһ¾͵ʮˣ̫ҵ۹
˶ɽ٣ֹ
³롢ԼλһɽڸϿںϣյһɽ磬мѹ˺
ݡ
ʮˣһϢ̫λǿʢʼָҶȷԱߣǶһȻһץһ澪˵ɽҶں֮˳˸Ƕ
ɽ򡭡
һݣϸ𺳣ɽ編Ȼܱƿش½磬Ƕô˼ͨ
ҶޱҶȵģнճɾͣǶҶ֮ͣȻɣ׷׿ʼɽ編
ܺãھʣ·ʥ뷽һʮҪɽ١
Ҷ纺ת֮Уʥ뷽֮ϣմÿ嶼ŹϵϢⲻϹŵϢǸӹϣδ֪ʱյϢ
ܿܣʮֽӽ
ͣͣ
ڣҶṩľ£ʥʥˣͬʱ俪ʼɽ٣ͷڷӡǺÿ˶쳣׳۵һĻһ٣֮ʥ˺ݺ
䣡
ʥ˾ȻҲѡڶɽ٣ôġֱӷɳһһȭȭʼÿһ١
ţڷʥϣ˾Ϳÿζɽ٣ϵ飬ը֮⣬Ȼ¶һսĹս⣬ҶȼĶսֲͬͬ
Ǿ壬սһ壡
һֹȥھ£ϵ飬ʮ٣ҲֱͷͬգپǺ伸ȭͷȥٷ׷顣
󡭡
ɽٳɹ֮ԭʥȾ˶ʮɸɽžըÿﵽ˾˵ĶʮΰңٹճֳֻһɫӰγսϵط뷽ʥ֮С
Լ²Žʥ˳ΪˣҶ˼оʥﵽʵ
塭û뵽Ĵڣ磬ƾõʱߵػߣҲ֮Уս壡
ã纺һȡ
һþɽ磬ﵽսе۷塭ҶȵһЦһ֣عأ̫ҵ۹δš
λǾʹϽɣ
ڣʮĶɽ֮ʮ̫λĺ֣׷̫񷣬Ҷȡ纺վգҶ˴̫ҵ۹ʿ϶֣ͱ
һɽ磬ߣ
Ҷȸô߶СǧͷǿˣԵʯٶȣʧ̫ҵ۹ڷ˽񷻭һĿ⻪
һɽ磬ǧɽеİɽ磡
˿̣һԭҰ֮ϣ뻢վڿ֮УʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻ˸ں棬صȴţ
ˢ
һ۵糸ƿ֮ԭҰķ񣬿ռӿֳһĿҫҶȡ纺³롢ҶҶԶܽȵˣڹҫУ
λѣˣ
ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷҲȲסһһҫ֮Уʼ½繲ͬˣʼʺ򣬽һɽɻء
ɽ硭ɽ磬վˣ
ÿ˶Ǽ˷ڣɽ磬ʥϵ磬÷֮͵磬ǾУɽ磬ʱ˿̣εȵ𺳡˷ܡֶЩį
Ͼ˳Ϊʿվɽģ֮٣
Ҷ纺ǰ纺ͷӶһ󣬲ſһЦҶȣ½ûɣ
Щط˳û£½磬дգҷչʥ˶룬ˣɽ¡Ҷȷʵ
ͫ䳰ԱɱʣһЩбӵӰ٣ڰңŷ类𣬾һϰɽ磬ӦͶ̫ȥˣֱɢó֣׷ң¹Ƴ
Ҷʣ̫ǳɳ̫죬꣬㻹жʱ䣬ܷϽ磿
Լʮɣ
Ǻãʮǻعɽ磡Ҷ˾


713 ͻƴ
ǰɽ磬ҵԼңҶռúУʮǾͻ̤ɽ磬ʥ̻ᣬʱҾͺúУһЩͨɵȷãϴ
ҳǳأҶȵõ֮С
³롢ҶԶҶܽҶҶ塢ʥġʥȵȣʥɢˡؽԪˡҷȴռ䣬ҶóʮɵҶͨɵ˵ϱ
˲ɽ磬ȣֶɽ粻˽⣬ҪӦɽ編ɵõıϡ
һУҶȾ纺ʧڵ
һźںҲǰɽ缫ΪƫƧϢ䣬һĴɣᶳûΪɡɸֻͨɺǷȷܴ˶
ƺһ֣Ǽ˶Կóһžͨɵĺˣ
ǳϢ˵׽ܲһǳΪսףɱڣһʩչɵۼͨ׽̵ĽӣκĨɱˣ
Ҷ纺ͬһǼʺ磬Ż򣬸ܵϤϢֲֶּΣ֪ǳħΪħҪ֣һ־Ǿ춯ء
ಡ
ԭһ˲ͳڲһѾΪżưܾ޴űȻű֮У
ӡƶо죬Ϊ͵ںս֮ʵӽɵۡ
һͨȴмѪƵǽǰҶȿѪƣ͸ܵħǿϢӡǳþѪӡɣǳҶȣˣԽ⿪ѪΪӡӣ˵ľѪ޷ںϣȻ״򿪷ӡ
ƣ
ҶģһεξѪΪѪ̰ڼѪӡģʱһһ˸ϢĽͳ֣Ҷ纺̽ȥ
գۼ䣬ȫˣǷ棬ڲȻһӲӡⱦľ޴󱦿硣
طһŽɫ̺֮ϣзʯҲ顢ֱܼ䣬ֱһȫС̻ᣬλ֮УټʮƷмȻɽһһҲͬѰʯ̫ˣ߼ƷʥƷʯУ
оһɵۣһСͱ⣬ģҪȵ̩޴ٱֹȻֻ̩ɣоȴɵۣһ׽̵ĽȻţëۻң
СӣֶΣѺöˣЩҲΪʥṩͳͳɣ
һȦϵεıҶȶѡرȻ߶޽䣬౦׷룡
طɵۼϢ㲻Ұ½նںڴ޽ɷ֮Уǽռɣ
ѱﶼ޽䣬յıڣоǰеĲҶȵȻܷŹôûᣬǴ߶䣬纺У̳֮纺к֮ġ
Ҷ߶ָ汦ͳͳΪһҫƯǰȻʩչ򣬻ūóʮŵӣ뵶ūڣūܵ˷ܲѣսš
㹻㲹ﵽ˽סŽ״̬ϧ̫̤ɵ۾
ŵūõӣľʽ˷ܣҶȾΪ߽꣬ףﵽɵ۰ǿߣ䣬Ϊһ飡
ҪУܣڵҲǿڤǿߣϵУûҵ˼ڿܣȴȿܸ߼ЩѣĿǰūҶ˵һֶΣ
޽ɷ
һھ֮ŶɹõĴ޽ɷˣУҶ࣬ﵽף˼飬֮Ųĵطޡ
ҵľΪһǿֶΣһֻ֮ǿʮϧ֮ʱ޷УǴﵽɵۼǿ߲
ҶһץһʥޡʵĹҫӿֳ֮޴ڵҶ̿ʼʩչӡ󷨣ģ֮ģ޽ɷ֮С

֮ںϴ޽ɷ֮ҶȾͳ״߶ʱһƥҶȵʼ˸˲䣬Ҷȿʼڵ󷨣𽥵ںϣҶȸо֮ȫƷϹŵ
УҶִӷ֮УϹͥĸֶΣȻģǷӡҲǾף̺ǧ󷨡
ʱһȥҶȶ֪˶꣬ٸǧֱ꣬꣬޽ɷҶȲŻ۾
ˣ޽ں̫֮֮غͿֲ֮һκ壬ܵ赲߽ףɵ۾ͷ赲һӡ
һӣ
ǿ˵Ҫʱ䣬һӣҶӳ죬ֻ
һôȥҲǹʮѡ
Ҷ޽ɷоͶһݱϣڰĴУ޽ǿԼȡģ
ʣµʱ䣬ȡӣͻƴһףﵽסװɡ
ʱ䣬ͲԣˣҶȱҪͻ磬õڿŵӣҶͻƣ
ǣҶȿʼоµɵۼ֮ҶȾͻͻƴɶף
ʱһֹţϿ纺ū̳·Ҷȣ߾ŵĽ֮С
ž粻ߣʱͻӿߣ
ǧȥ
꣡
ͻȻҶΧһɹȼյƽٻ棬ƽٻ¯ոγɣƽٻ¯Ϳ֣ҶΪģϵγɣֱҶȰΧ
ɶס
żӲޱȵƽٻ¯ҶȫͻƴɣʹﵽһΪֲĵزִﵽ۷壬Ҷչ˫ȭֱһȭƽٻ¯ݺݵػ
žž
¡
ƽٻ¯ݳȻ¡һƽٻ¯ͳױը鿪ΪһƬҶûо춯صֻϸ΢ıըĽ䴫ݶ
Ҷץϰٿŵӣ֮Уڶʱ˸˵ĵϢŷҶΧƣγɺѹѹ棬ͻƴɶĿʱõ䣬ﵽ۷״̬
ףɣ
꣬Ҷﵽ۷壬ͻƽ֮ץٶӣ֮ǰһˣȡ

ʱõٿ֮Ҷֳ˵ƽٻ棬ƽٻȼգγ󺣣ƽٻ¯ֵȼУγɳҶ˲˽Ƶģý
飬̤ף
Ҷͣɣȫ֮˫ȭغƽٻ¯ƽٻ¯һɳ©ƵģΪƬգ


714 ʥ̻
ಣ
ƽٻ¯ƵƬҶƾϺƣѸͣƬڣǴƷ
žžžž
ڣͻƴףһ׵ףһ仯ըʼȫۻʣë͸ĵҺ壬ںڰѪҺЩͻƣϽ³´л߳ʡ
꣡
Ƥһʣһȼգž£˲伴ʻΪ˻ҽ¶ҶȰ͸ľ˼뼡⣬ƺҶΪ͸塣
ͻƴɶףδоı仯ʸвǿͻƴףԸо仯ǿ䲻٣Ѵﵽ۷塭
ף
ءɽ磬ߵĴڣ˳Ϊֶ״ӵϫ⣬Ҷ֪Ƕ֮У仯ˣϫҲһȣֶϴ裬仯ҲƾŬġ
ͻƣջı䣬Ǿ춯أ޷ıأ
Ҷȿʼóٿŵӣ֮󣬱㿪ʼںϣոͻƴ׵Ŀ
һչУǽȥ꣬ɽ磬һκܳʱ䣬ɵ˵Ҳʲô
¡
ͻȻҶȸոֹͣУ׼úоһʱϿգͻȻһǿơ
Ҷգ纣ͻʮˣ
Ȼ̳Ϸ纺Ȼ뺣֮֮У뺣֮ĵɫϵӿĹ⡢ѪǺɫ˼飬ʮףƾ춯أ纺ҶȽ֣ҶȵֲһУ
纺ΪʮףʵѾﵽɵһװľ˳̶ȣԣڵ纺һɵ۰
ɵۡ
ҶȿЦҡҡͷʮ泩ˣһɵۣʥǶ纺˵һϢ
ߣǶ۾ͻɵۣڡ
֮ĺȻһֻ纺зɳְһȻƽƽҶߣκ˵
Ƕ۾ҲԽԽˣûдﵽɵֻۣҪɵۼڳɱõҽɵۣɣҵʵͻҶȿɲǶ۾̫졣
֮УǶ۾ǲýҲܲǷӡ³ѳΪ֣ʱѵȻͷأ
ǳȥɣ
߶ʹһɺ˴Ӿָɳڿտ磬Ȼַɳ⣬׽̵̳ƺʧȥ֧ţ׷ݣճ׻Ϊ档
׽Ȼɽ֮ʧµֻᵮ
һ۵糸ܿͻصңԼȥʮ꣬Ѿһͳɽ磬ҲԱߵɽ硣
Ҷȴе֪ԭͷֶΣɽԼΧɽ磬Ȼ֣ڶɽ磬֪ɽҳһһɽ磬ǾǴ˵еĴڣֶΣȷ˾޴á
һһ䣬ҾͳΪɽߣ
ܿ죬½ʮ˶ˣ׷״ռɳһռ伸ʮУַɵһ׵֮䣬ؼѾںɽ編򣬶ɽҲһ˽⣬Ҫġ
Ҷȳɽǰ㣬һжԼȥ
߰ɣɽ磡
һ죬鶼ʮ˼ʮţʮˣҶȴ߶Сǧ̳ɽȥ
½ףϽҪЩҺҶʵǿ߶עСǧڣԼ꣬Ŵһɽ紩Խɽ磬ɽ֮С
͡
ɽ磬һһɽˣʱɽѹѪҶȡ纺꣬³ˣһѪžͱɽ編ѹÿҪſ£Ҫ
Σ֮ʱĮһ֣һ֮ͰΧˣ˵ɽ磬ߵɽ磬Ҳǿߵ磬ûʵվɽʸҲûУ
ͬʹߣǾҶͬ⣬Ҫһ֪ɽ淨򣬴඼ҶˡѣҶȲóֺ֣õĲ£Ȼ궵¡
ֵˣںɽ編ɣɽ磬ҲɡɴڣֻҪںϷںûв

Һõõ꼰ʱͷ˲ܽһȻ̣Ǹ֪ɽ編һӽšʼ֮Уɽ編
Լʮȥ˲ϰɽȻҶȡ纺껺̫ɳأ
ˣ
Žɵɣٶ״̬ӣԽԽӽɳأһϢ̫ɳطҶȸӦЦ˳
Ҷֵܣ
һЦԶ˶׺䶥ľѣԼؿȥͼʮɹΪߣԪ尣ұǹŲơ
Ҷ纺꣬ԶͿʼٻÿ˶Ƿ쳣ˣҳһصۣ˶ͬīۡ
֣磬Ŵ磡
˫ôˣ˴໥ʺ򣬶ʥԱֶͬŵӣûİУϤ֮˼̫ɳطȥ
Ҷ֣ɽĶʮǾһأ̫ɳؽʥ̻ᣬʽӪҵ⻹ԣ֪Ȼδ򿪣һ򿪣ʥܿΪ̫ɳһ̻ᣬȻɽ𽥴
ûã˾ͽ̫ɳأһǿʢڽֵϣ˭ҲǣʼҶȽ̸Ҫ˵ľʥ̻ᷢչ
Ҫ֪ȼ򵥡֣ЩʱҾ취ɢϢ˵дɳᣬʥʡ췽ŵʱԺһıݰ취Ū
󶯾紺쳹أ
ֵˣˣ¾ͽȥ졭ڴⷽ棬ҶҲĪӼұɽ壬ױڼ򽻵гġ
᳤
ʱһֵһʮ·ڣķɳطٴνͨ˴ϿиͨɺסڷУҲɳؼʿѲߣڱ·һ׮˲ߡư¥ʥ̻˶۵ң߸Ϸ
ſʮһ׵׵̻ԱԪ尡Ų̹ʩЩ˶ʱƸԱʥ̻ҪˣȻҪʥԱҶȴ̫ҵ۹ǿߣ
˽ʥ̻ᣬ˲󷨹ĿռƯǰÿһ㶼˰أʯΡ̨ǶǱһ񣬲д滨ݣϰλö澡

ҶΪϲ¹Ȼһ֣
磬Щ˶½ѣӴ˾ʥ̻УĥȻŴ磬ʱɽ磬ʥֵܶʥ̻ջҪԼȥӪ֣
ϤһҶȾͰҶҶԶͳͳԪ尰׵ùŲ½磬ʥгԱɽ硣
ʥ̻ҪʼɽʣŪƣ


715 ̫
ҶȻԼˣܿҵУѽʮƷ赤ַÿˣȻִڴ޽壬Ҫÿˡ
ܵ˵лǿңҶףֻܸ˴ģȴҪԼȥУȥ
ЩҪĴ֮ҶȾ½Ųƴ½ʥԱīСµȵȣ˼ɽ̫ɳأнٳԱÿһʥ̻ٷչҪͷ
ʱɵعȥʮȥһ죬Ҷˣ
ֵܣȥɽ̻ᣬ̻ɳϢݳȥˣ̻᱾һȾףӼҹϵϢڿٴ
żɽ²Ҷ˵
Ҷһȶ𣺡ãʥ̻ͻһŪƣΪ̻⣬ȥȸʦ㣬ϣܰæȻô
ȸʦʮ֮һʦɲ򵥣Ϊɵۣɽ֮ҲкĹϵֻȡʦ㣬̻˵ǽ
üɫ˸žҶһȻһתˣֵܣǿҪȥ̫ɳصˣϾ̻Ὺ˼ҵ̣ȥ棬ʱֳĦҲ޷⣬̻ſʼôУ
ǿѹͷߡ
Ҷ˼һȻͬҶȼʵôǿʱҲһɽΪаɣ̫ɳܽɽ磬Ȼ޴ǣһȫ
չ̻ˣȫͬĴ棡
һǿߴӮӣһ̻ᣬôԱһǿߣ룡
ʥ̻ȶһҶ뿪̻ᣬӰһ̼ɽɽڵ㣬ͷǿ˲ʹɽ磬գȻܿͽɽ㡣
ٷȥ
ɽ磬ҶƯһƬƬĽϿգӴ޽ץһٷ˸ŲҶȵϢȻȸµϵٷ߶ٷһɾ˵ƣͷɽ
ɽ磬ڣ
Լգ۶һʹԽռһˣҶϤŮӰԽȸӣ
ʦ㣡Ҷȸʩ
㲻ȥɽ𣿻ʦãǰһע㣬ܿܿ͡ȥɽ磬ʹƣŪٶΪľŸ߲㿴أ㵹ãͲӰ
ȸһȴȻ׽ЦݣһűȣͷŵҶȸоǡ
Ҷͷһ䣬̾ǰλʦ㣬ԹҶ̽ʦ㣬ʦҲȥҪˣⲻʦɽ緢չʥ̻ᣬ̻ոսɳƣ
㻹дɳ
Ȼһȸӣһɳʱɫ˲䣬ֳΪ׺Цʦ㣬ҶҶ֡
˼ˣ
ʦ㡭ðɡɳʦȷʵе㣬ˣ治ˣ
Ҷû뵽ǰλȸʦ㣬Ȼɳ˲һˣֱŮǿɱ˲Ѫ֣ǳذҶȵɸ򣬽Ҫúÿһ١
ŲҶȣ֣ȻĺܣɣСжǹҲƭȥˣΪ²Ҫô𣿡
¿ɺãв׸ӳ㣬ֱ
ҵɴô
Ҷʲôʱװװˣ⻹ͷһ⣬ԹȴʵʵץһӡͿȸӣķڷ
㻹⿪̻ᣬҪ㣬Ϊɽ绹ʲôҪģʵ
ȸպ÷ӡɳؿֱЦǺǳҶȼ䣬ŵģһֵˣӰɽ翪ʼΪʥ̻ɢϢʱ͵ӰɣС
ǡʦǸˣҶȼֱһؤ
ˣٺ٣óɳ㻹ˣ治֪ŪôñɵۼǿߣƱҪɳοҪͷˣ
Ҫһ䣬ǧõɳߣǶɵйϸĴڣңҲҪɵ֣Ϊ㵣ģССһ̻ᣬʱѹȫ
ȸɻ䳰ǹĵĵ
ôҪôɣҪô͸һѴģʦˣ֪ԻǮҼɵ۾ͷųų棿Ҷȸջһ̬ӣܿͳһǣ
꣡
ȸӻ汻Ҷƻסˣ̲סһЦҡҡͷѽ㣬ĲҾ͵һ°ɣھɽ磬ŴͽɵɢޣЩ̤ɵۣٿʵǴԽɵۣ޷ͻƣȥɽ޵λΪΪı᲻ϧκηֻҪܳǮҪپͿ٣
Ŷ
Ҷˣʮ־棬ɵ۶ô߸ϣȻھɽ磬ͨɵӹȴ˷ˡ
˼һҶͻȻ¶ģȸӣʦ㡭
ȸô᲻֪Ҷ⸱ģĶһ֣ܾҿɲһףҲǵͽɵۣɲô̤ɽ磬һζɲܣ
ٺ٣ʦкñʦͨӣʦŪɵ½ʦȻмʦ㿴ʲô
ȸһɾǧ֮ǰҶȴɭɭһЦóһŵӣȸǰһΣ
ӣ
ȸӷӦ죬ԭ͵ſҶȻûݵıⲻӣ̾ץģϸϸĦ
رӣҾȻһǶϢñȻһ޷ǲ˶Сӡȸ̾
ŵӿʦܺò׵ģʦ㣬ʦæʦҪѷ֪ʦػжôҶȫͳΪһƤ֪жпС
ͣΪӣҾͰһΣҪ׼ɵ۰£ɲ£һڼ֮ڣΪ°ã
ৣ
ȸ˵꣬Ʈȥ
ҶȵһЦ̴߶Сǧ񷣬뿪ɽ磬ܿͻصɽ磬̫ɳء
ո̫ɳأҶȾͼ̻ԭ̫ɳˣѾԼʱ档
̷̫ɳƯߴһɽ
̫ΪĽףʵǿɳ֮ʵ£ǳǿңҲһսʤˣ
𽥿ɽҲڴ
ҶȲΪʲôֻǼ£ѣ̫ǵˣÿ˵Ǹôˣ
λϵܾȻֶͽ
ڿﵽɽڵ߶ʱһ־Ȼɽݳһ¾ͰҶ͸ˣ
̫
ɫһݣû뵽̫Ǹ


716 ̸
ֵܣ̫ΪȷΪأʱһҪίߣ˴ʲô˼˵
ҪɽҶ
õģʱΪУȷϲߣҲͷͬ
λʥ̻ͣҼɹȺ룡
ҶȡɽͨɽһŵʱӰշһȺǿߣΪһλ׷յߣӣⲽ
ɷǣ˾
ǰ룡ΪҶǺܷŵΣһ̤ͨĹŵݡ
ԼʱͷһΰƯĽɫɹƶ׳أ
߽ɹҼ˾ס̫ɹһλϹ˴жɹλɣ
ϹŴеɹ
Ҷ˲˵ɹϹŴڣΪ̫ɹص̫ǵõϹɹĴС
ϹŴУǶˡ
ಣ
˶ʵʵ棬ߴҶɹգ۾ɹùɵĽݣ͸ԶϢɹΰ׳ۣȷһټķɹ࣬վһỨӣòǷ
һ̫ݳ߹
͡
Ҷ̤ɹʮŮʱֹǡ㴩͸ĵûһ㶨ܵӰ졣
λϵܣֶӣ
ɹֻڴߴȻһģһĴ꣬˶һͷںڵ糤ģûһͬ棬ֱ𲻳ҶЩҲ
»гֵܣ
λ꣬Ǹղ˵֮ˣ˿޵ı飬ĿͬҹеǳѲ⣺λϵܣǲ̫ȻǴ硢ֵܣͫ˫̥
˫̥
ΪϢͬôֵܣ
Ҷһۣʵû뵽̫ɳصˣ̫Ȼֵܣ˹ֵܣ
𾪣ȻеģҪ˵˫̥һģһҲͰˣϢͬ綼һ̫죬ò𾪣κ˫̥ͬԸ϶ͬԸֹͬ϶ͬ
ֵܣں
ֵˣ
λϵܣɣҶһζʱұͫȻұߵͬǡͬʩ
ɡ
Ҷȼ˻ɻ벻Ҳ£Ӷɽʳɹȵȣңվ˺棬ʱʱһЩĻ¶ɹڲŵ㡣
ɽ磬֮УҲ벻ٵӣйʣȴûλϵϣĪλɽֶӣ
ֱ⣬ʵһ㾲ֹ
ǵȷŵӣɽ磬ֵҶȣ֮ǰ½罨̻ᣬϣλ̣չ̻ᣬȻһжչһһǶʩԼһЩܡ
Ȼκ鶼йأȻ֡
Ҳͫ˵һ룬Ȼü䣬һƲ⣺֣Īɽ壬Ӽҵӵܣ
ʱȻر⣺²ţӼˣ
ֵӼɽ̻ᣬھɽ綼кʵȴ½翪̻ᣬֵҪԼ洳ֵʳ˲ţЩ竵ӣһż壬ߣ
ͫ˴һۣ˷ŷڽ˲ĳֽͫҶȣɣ̻Ȼѡ̫ɳΪطչֵȻȫΪɳرݻֻһҪǾҪʥ̻̻ᣬɳزܲΪΪ̻룬֮ɳû̻ᣬ̻ᶼкܴٹ̣ã׳Ϊˣʥ̻ſʼչһҲ֪֪ףһͬչ

Ҷȼͬʱһ֮ǰû뵽һ㣬Ϊʥ̻᲻ſʼ̻ᣬΪλõ̫ɳ֧֣ʥ̻˵϶ڱףǴ¡
Ҷߣ硢ͫλ֪ϸΣ
ѾõϢʥʡҪɳҪΪʡƣ챦˳ܶ࣬ʱܶɳķ̻ᣬ̻ᣬֵ֮£һǿԳȻȲϴɳȴҲһıȻֵܻΪ̻ʵı֤̫ɳɽһɳأֵ֣Կ˽סŽʮףƾһ㣬Դֵܵĺ⣡ش
֣֮£ҲǺ£Ҳδǻ£ֵ̻ᣬ̫ɳɽλɳǶɵۼҪıֵȻҪᣬʱ޷Ұжûб£ûи򣬽ȡ֮ĨɱҲ˵Ҷһ㰵и
˿϶ǿЦȷжԿʮ׵ֶΣҲɽ罨һɳأ
ˣҶȸղһ硢ͫȷ򵥣˼һֶλ̻޴ңǵȻӭкϸڱȽϺã񻹲֪죬᲻˽ӣϣʱַλֱñ̻ύףɣ̫ɳؽ׵Ĳ̻᲻һһΪɳȻÿһ̻꣬ỹһɳأȻ̻鷳ʱҪλɳذʱڽһҲΪ٣ϾҲûаգʥ̻ƻô˳չбضᷢ⣬һж˵ʴˣΪλԿⱾõĺ

ҶȰдһ䣬Ǽǲ̫ռ˱ˣʥ̻˵ֹɣҪġ

硢ֵͫܣһвɾ㵺һΪ˵ص㣡
磬ҿҲ˵ǹңʥ̻ķչƱػﲻˣֵһǿϵһҪݣչ̻ᣬһ׳ɳأûҪڻδǳʱ򣬱ݽȥ
ʱǰɹ֮ϣͫ
ɳɵۼǿ߿صıʱ϶ɵۼΪʥ̻ᣬֶֻӣֱֲֶӿ̻ᣬȷķΪУ
绺ͷһЦ̶ֵܷܵǳͬӴԺǾǺϵˣˣ
˫ʹ˴ɺž빬趯ˣ߳ķʼȾƼξᡣ


717 컨аĸɵ
õ̫ɳ֧֣ʥ̻һ̫ɳؿ̻ᣬɳأֱֻᣬһᣬһ˴̻ϢҰԭ֮ƽ
ڴɳٵɢʥ̻ɢ˷ڷ˼Ĵڣǻᱻ粨ģ
У⼸ʮʱ䣬ʥ̻Ϊע㣬Ҫѹһѹã
ʥ̻ڵʮ·ͷҵˣͬ߰㶢֯벻ϵ̻ţȻתȥ
̻᱾̫ɳ̻ᣬϧǺȻָ֧ոսʥ̻ᣬ̻ɲӣ˵ʥ̻ᣬԼģȻ̫ɳطչҲù
ϧرҲҪÿ
˺ܿʧڽֵ
Ȼ֮ʥ̻Ȼ
øʥ̻ᣬ洫̫ɿ񽣣ʮƷȥ֮󣬾Ȼ𣬵ˣĪʥ̻۸ЩȨƵˣ
̻ڣһ㽻󷨴ڣһߣʮͨŭԹ޵ضԪʥɢˡؽԪ˵Ȳٸˣʱ߿ָԪһɽŭ
Ԫƺ߲ƣּķǿˣֻܳţԩߵֵǰ˵ҪģɽȷʮƷ٣㵱ʱͷڽ֮УʱΪҪƷҲδƷǰٿĪ磬Ȼʥ̻֮£ǰ˵ۣʥ̻ȫȫ۹ǣ
ߣ⳥Ҫģʥ̻ʵ˺ģ⳥ɳذڸǸƣ˵棬ʥ̻ᰵֽţǹǣΪ£
˵ĺãôԾ˽⣬ôҿʥ̻ıɣһɼĿ
ʱΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ʥ̻ˣҲӡ
ǣλҪɣоڴˣ˵ɿԭǷӡ⽣֮УҾ͵Ŵҵ棬ɿ񽣷ڽ֮УȻλԭӡ֮ǰзӡһٴηӡҲɿǲֻۣ֤һ㣬ЩˣҲģ׵ģ
˫ⲻ£һΧֶԽԽӴʱȴЦǺ߳ǴҶҶԶˡ
һʱԭӡ
ЦǺǵĵӿʼڣҾ֪ǲ׵ģҳӵģʥ̻ſŲã˵ѣλǶְɣôҿ࣡
ԶԣǵĶȻԷӡ
ٿ˿ʼѡܵ߹ƻ
ã
һ֣߾ӿʮˣ¶Ŀ⣬ʼʩչһӡ˵棬𽣺ɿ񽣣֮·ˣɿ񽣽뽣֮УʩչķӡȻ޷ɷӡɿ񽣽׵طӡ
ܡ߶ʱ÷ʲô˼顣
ܣλλĪλǰ˵⽣ɿ񽣶̻˲ɣǲڲ뵽ڰɣ
ЦˣЦúܿģʮš
ء
ʮǿͷŷӡҪӡɿ񽣣̫ǿ󣬳ԽףĽףڣ޷ѹƣ޷ӡ󷴵һըʮˡ
Ԫŭڣˣˡʥ̻£
ߣǵ£мˣһ󣬽࣬׷׿ʼѡ뿪һٶ˾Ȼ޶ԡ
ߣʥ̻ᰵеĹ
Ա߶׵ǿ߰һ̱ɱ֮䣬һٶ̰Ԫ尡ϰ˸ΧסΪߵѿ󲿷ֶɡɣֻ
ǳռƣ
߲ɣɱ⣬ããʥֱ̻СµģȻˣҾͲú³ΪӮˣ򡭡
˫ǿҺĿ£ͻȻһƣһɲ˼Ť籩ʹ̻˲ߵ󷨿ռ䱬һٶ˶ʱַһֲ׵Ҫֹռ
ĽʵֶɹõϹͨ־£һٶ˹ͽ͡

䣡
Լգ۹Ϊףһ߷׷ױռ֮ɳʥ̻ᣬǱغͬһ໴УȫȻѪʥԱӿһ˲мȵΪһʲôɿ񽣾⣬ܣ
ߣΪЩ˵ͬɿҲûҪˡ
ʥ̻£κɱʱһӰȴɽ۷壬ֳһٷ񷡣
ȸʦЧʾǸߡɵ۰һһףһףɽ磬Ц£̫ɳʥ̻ᡭ
Ҷȣ
յȸٷٷﾪϲϢɵۣӾɽ罵ɽ;У
ȸӷǳܵذɵܵĺһΪɵۣһӣһǸ̫ţΪȴɵ۶ףΪ컨аĸɵۣǾɽɢɵۣھɽɽ磬Ǿ޵оͷ
ɵۣɲüԦίߣɳ²֣Ȧס˵Ϊͻƣʥȴ᲻ϱǿ
ҶģɵۣҲȻɵҪʥ쭣ҶҲа취ɵۣ
ಡ
ʱɽߵϷŤӰȻֱӼƹصɽ֮գѹ顣
ڰҶһƣˣ
С߼ۣɵۣ
Ȼɽ֮Уʱ˷籩ɷ籩Ժɨ˽һµǿߣɵҪҶһ
ߡ
ҶһߣְϷֶΣ˵ûãھƱ֮£̴߶СǧԽռ䣬ֱƿؿռ֮Ƹ׷״һ
ŶֶΰСӣ
£һ̫ŵòǰ߸ϣƺû뵽Ҷ׾ƽơ
ţҶֳʱͼɵ񣬳ȻҶȲŲ־壬ӭѶϣϷһİСִˣһ쳤ۡһͷ׷˫ֱ΢΢ձ̫ţڸԼ
λӦþɵۡ컨аĸɵǰɣҶȣֶӣҲʥ̻Ḻ֮һɵ⣬ҶȵȻõؽʩ
ˡɵ̫ۡš컨аĸɵۡһۣһԭֶ۵ĵӣ
λţ֪ɹ⣡
ɵɾ£ҶȾȻһкݵģɵۣһһʰĿɹ⣬ݵ


718 Ὺʼ
ɹֶ۾֮ͨһɽ磡
ǡ
ɵ컨аĸɵۣʱԾɻѸһ𣬷ŷһ㣺ֶ۵ɹ
Ҷ˲ֱͦţʩչɹҪɵۣйƽ̸߶ȣҲɵۣȴδʩλɵǰȻʶͨ죬ղͨǱڴ۾ѧ֮һɹ
ŻˣСӣԷ٣Ǻ컨аĸɵۣǸ̫ţƢֱ˻𱬡
ҶȰЦЦȻãȴװģңŻǰɵۣ߸ϣɶѣ
̫ţҶȵСӣܻɹԲֶͨӣ
ڣһֱ侲ɵۿ˵ˡ
ߣȻͨӣ⸱ģ
컨аĸɵƺҲ䳰һ£ʵСӣ㵹йϵھɽҵǣȻ˼񣬵½磬Ϊ£Ĳ飬ǡ

Ҷһû뵽ȸѾ˼񣬿µȷܵĪ̻ץö䣬ͿɵֱۣɳϣλǰΪʥ̻꣬ɳǺֱͲٶˣ
ɳ
ɵ컨аĸɵ۶ʱһΪɵۣȻ֪ɳƳɱҪԣ෽涼õֱǿ
һɵϣӲ˼飬ƺڲɣɻһСӣɽϰĴڣΪλı
ֻҪ꣬Ȼ֮λǰԸ⣬Լ˫۸ΪرҶðһ䵨Ҫ
Ǹɵۻĵ
νǿѹͷߣž
ɵһֱڽанڣɵ۵ͷǲҶȵƽȵĴڣãǸˣܻȡɳðգڰúôǽˣҪһ㣬ɵۣˣǸҹ֣ǿҪɱ㣡
λǰ˼Ȼף׮⣬ɵϣһɣ£λǰϢΪ
ڳˣɵʥ̻ỹʲôҪžжţˣҶɵ½ñǣ
ٿ
ɵͬʱƣɵƾͲˣͨϢȫˣ־Ȼɵۼ
ǰ룡
Ҷȿ·ɵ컨аĸɵ۽ֲŲæطţɽ򣬶˵ô
ƣСһǴɾʵףоοƼ˸ˣȴоҪԴͷ
ٷ֮У컨аĸɵۣһͷˮԽԽԾƵģɰжߵɵ۴
Ȼֶ۵ɹִۿҶδĴСӲ״ӣǵõִصƺСȦ֮УִۣҸû·ѡ񣡡
ɵҲǳüչŷһӿˮϸȷоҶһϢճ״ţɵ۶ñ쬵ģɵͻȻ뵽ʲôĪǣɽɵת
˵ܶ۶ȥ޽֮ѰѰżϧ׷䣬ܶǰ˱ǱޣҲСӾתߣɵۣ˿ţ
ԽԽ죬컨аĸ̫ţ˫ۡ
ɵ˽²ϴ۷׷ףǰҲû
̫ɳأ
һ۵糸֮˾ͽ̫ɳأ
û½б仯ϧҵĺûˡɳؽֵϣɵۺ򣬼Ľֵ֯˺ɵΪд
Ҷ̤ɵ۵̫࣬꣬޷ͻƣûеתޡ
˵컨аĸɵ¶˸еįɣһط޳Ȼ޳Ͳȥ졣
ɵۡȻ߸ϣȴ޷ͻƣµʴҲữΪ
Ҷʱʱ̾ϢҲΪдɵ룬ΪɵۣҪģʲô
ʥ̻᣿ģģ
ɵҶȽʥ̻ᡣ
ʱԪ尡ŲơҶҶԶʸɡƿء塢ʥġʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻȵȺȫۼӭظ֡
ȻǶ֪ɵۣ
һܺҶȾͼɵۺúð̻Ȼɵȥ̻ҲԣȥҲԣ̻ٷһΣգԪЩ˴߶ٷɵ۾ͻϹ
ֵܣɵ۰
ʱ̻Ҷ纺ۼһ飬𺳵ʵ
Ҷȵͷͨȸʦ㣬Ӿɽ½磬ò˵ɵۣ˿˾Ӧ̻ꡭڿԴչȭţﱸᣬһҾͻعɽ磬ʥͽȥӪôţʥ̻չ
ɵ۰үүɵۣˣȥ̫ɳ᳡
һ˾޴뿪ˡ
ˣڲ֮ǰ½صɽˣʱռֻʣҶ纺纺˵
Ҷûźúɽڷչڣȷûʱ䳤ʱڴ˴ҸĵܿͻͻƣΪɽ
ͻɵۣҲɵΪʥݻʱ纺ȻðһҶΪжĻ
ôʥʥԼչ켣һҪԳΪΪص㣬֮ҾͻعţȡͻɵۣҲҪʼ׼ͻֶڲҲкܶ벻鷳֣
ҽָҪ򡭡
ವһ£Ҷ纺ʧһ֮С

̫ɳؽԵر֣˷ۼܶˣ඼ǽ̫ɳأǵʥ̻ܲ˿ȥֻῴ˿ȥĵط̫룬һ޴Ĺ㳡
㳡ǸԲΣɰˣԪ尡Ųơ¡īеʥԱҶҶԶҶҶʥɢˡؽԪˡҷ졢䡢ĪȻȵˣǰæӭӰ˷ˡ
գʥ̻ɳʢ֮ա
ʥ̻˵쳣Ҫغȫ֣
̻ᣬǧ壬ɣɽͷ춯Ĵڣʥɽ޼ڵҲ٣ֶӣҲв֣
ڹ㳡룬ʥ̻Ҷ纺ڽ䴦ڶһۡ
̫ɳ硢ͫҪ򣬴Ϊʥ̻󣬶ɵ컨аĸɵͨڽ䰵


719 鷳̤
ʥɽ
Ҷһɽɱһٶ꣬Ҳ֪ϢΣϧɽ磬˻̫ã
տ϶벻鷢
ᣬ϶һƣҶһ̾Ϣƽͷֵ˵Ķԣˮڣκ鷳ѱвУ
Ҷ֣֣¿ɺãûĸ̻ˣɽмۣȴû˽ף̻ῪЦ
ʱ򣬹Ų뼸λʥԱСܹӡ϶ǺˮҶǰжΡ
𣡣
¿ɺãỹûʼ鷳ˣǴ鷳
Ϊ̻ᣬ˫ױ֤𣬽ڻƷ׻֮ϣûб֤̻޷Ӫǻûб֤׸޷ɡ
Ҷ˲оͷˣֱҲ磬鷳кܶ취ɱ¸Ը㶨
̻ᣬǽף⣬ܲǿÿ˽Ͼͻһɢʥ̻Ὣʵʧȥ˭ţ
ǽɽɣɣ˵ʲôǼʵŽɣֱֻӸֱҽн׵ȵȡμӽ׵ģŲһӿˮһѪӸԹ̿ѡ
𣿡
˿̣̫ɳƺע⵽ϸ΢仯߹Ҷȡʩʵ
Ҷ羪С˻ӻ֣û⣬λģᰴʱУ
תȥ⻹עķ仯
硢ͫʵҲڵſЦ°ͲƣȻʰ̯ӣαˣҶ䳰Ц
ô죿
ŲǼ亹ֱðæ޶տʥ̻ῪţҪӣڻûʼ޷Ĵ鷳ᣬһмֲۣףǵ˵棬ʥ̻һơ
Уǰæµˮ඼֮Ϊ˲෹̸Ц
ѣʥʥ̻˵һ޷Ĵ鷳ؾÿǰʥԱǴ½ĳԱʱ˿̶סͷһ
Ǹɽ磬˵ǲΣ
Ǵ½ǣʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ĪȻᡢҶҶԪءʸɡ±ơԭǧʥġκ޳ԯĵȵȣоҪƵģΪÿУǿǿǿһ֣Ϳ԰ʥ̻ᡣ
ַĵ벻ʣر޲ÿˣ
ҶĹǣһʱ޼ʱǧԭƺйǰֻһ취ԽΣ֡
ʲô취
ҶһôǾǧԭǶ½磬һͳλĴڣǼʶ뾭˿ɵУ
ԺԺ˴£Ϊ̫λ֮һɧ꣬ڸΣ֣
˼Ŷ䣬ţ
ǧԭ໥ͷɼԭ˵ֻƲƣƱһ⣬ñȥֲͼ۳ãƳɱݺݴЩ鷳ˣȻ٣һȴ̻о޴ô
һվð취
һ²߰취̫С̻̣²߰취ͳΪϲߣã֣ԺͶฺ̻£ȥУǺȥδӣ̻ᶼȫ֧ǣ
ڣҶתȦվǧԭǰʩл
⡭
ǧԭܳҶһͳ̫λ棬˿νҶȵĵˣҶȲûжǳ֣˺ʹ˵õӳ֣ͻˣɽ磡
ʥ̻͵һոճӤ
ҶȴʱתˣҪÿȥչˣûʵֻҪ飬һ̻ܰãҼæɣ
ã
ơÿǰڼ񷣬һģɵؿʼæµ
ĺ˶󣬾
ܿ죬Ԫһ̻죬߷ģʥ̻ʵŴֳʮ˻ŲͬĿģͬĿ⣬ڵȴῪʼ
λѣʥ̻ᣬΪǽύλ̻ͬˣ˷ѣ֮ģύ˷ˣʽʼϴɳ
Ԫ尵ʮˣվ̨֮ϣ¡ػӶ䣬ͼϰУ̨ǰʯ̶ɵ̨ϣȻһһ򿪣ʱͳ˴ɳһؽ
ɳ
Ȼ
ʮˣ̼䱬㾪еĵɴ˫ۣеڲ˫ۣеļֱֱ̨߱
ɵۼǿߣҪıȻʮ֮Уûɵۣǲٶ߽ףĸõˡ
Ԫ尵ڷ֮λȻᣬбۣʥ̻ſʼչҲߣһɳһƷʯһǧƷʯһƷʯĲ֣۸ҲһҿԳˣ
۸Ȼף̻ᣬǶʮۡ
һüɫ۸Խͣ˵ȻԽãǳɽۣҪһУ
һƷʯҪһǧɳ
һƷʯҲߴɳҳƷʯ׼ۣҪһɳ

վ۸
СɳϣǱҳһǧƷʯͳͳ죡
ͻȻһվȻ߸߾֣һһ˶
ߣһǧƷʯʲôҳһڼƷʯҪΪ˲ɳڸɽ磬ǼֵǶм̣
ܿ죬һȫ쾲ʱվ¿ɺã˱һ仰Ūѻȸ
ԭԪ̻ˡ
ڸ̨֮ϣ̻ˣһɨ˴Ŵ磬׵Ԫ̻᲻ˣԾɽ̻ᣬڵɽҲֻᣬһ
Ǵͺã´㲻ϹҶˣ侲Լ̫ɳȴԴƺڵȴʲô
һȻ˽мۣǾ̻εͷʣ̻Ҫٴɳ
Ԫ֮󣬵ڿʩʵ
Ҫһ̻õó𣿡̻ˣȻ˵һȫ˶ֵ
һ£վ


720 ı
һɳ
ǿЦ
̻ᣬҪһóôҲףοﲻǾɽ磬ֻɽѣһͨ޷̻ͨᣬõóһ
ֱǹʥ̻ῪЦ
һԲ׵ģ̻̻ᶼнǰ̻Ἰ鷳̻ᣬĪڱ
̨֮ϣ侲Ҷ˵
пܣôھɽ磬ǲ˼һĿǲǣǵˣ
ֵܱ𼱣һ̻ᣬû̡컹СǣȻҪܵͷģ̻ô̤ɽ磬Ҫúôѹ̻ᣡ
ҶʾżȻҶϣǸŴݣҲ鷳
Ȼ֪Ҷжٴɳԭʥ̻֮һֱûѯʹҶȣҶ֪һɳʲô
̻ᵹĺҪʥ̸̻˵֮󻹻̻ᣬǿȡбɱԽ
Ҷһݣ鷳ֱϣ̻Ҫʥ̻ᣬҶô㣬ǰǲǣͻ֪ʮ֮Ужڡ
ʥ̻õó𣿡
ڴʱˣΧۣʼ׷վ̻һߣϾ˻׵ģ
Ǻǣʥ̻᲻ֺ̻̻ᣬνֻ̻żȻõıѣλõһʵ̫̻࣬ߣǴǰһˣ
ԪҲʡ͵ĵƣ
̻ˣģ߿ķˣȵɰòô౦ٿᣬǻŪң㵱һǰ׳ձˣ˶ǰ׳գ⡭
Ԫ˿ʼָۣ̻ᣬʱ̻ᣬֻҪɳͽɱ۽̻Ӧ֮ڣóҪķΣһ̻ͽɱ֤ڸѼ֤£ػɽף
̻ʲôʸóһ˵ûʵװǡʲôʥ̻ᣡ
ʱ̻Χٵ̻ʼ뵹ꡣ
λ̻̻ᣬǴĳֵƵģȻϣ̻ΪǰһЩոѿ̻Ϊǰȴʥ̻ᣬŴҶˣ
Ԫ˵ˣһΣơһǿӲˣȭʥֹ̻һɳ̻ʥ̻ᣬӴ˲κνףǸ߲ʹ˽Ǿֱٰӽףҹ涨׼ΪһƷʯΪһｻ׼۸񣬲ȴҪ޹ֻ׳ɳһֻ޹һٽɳڳҪ׵ģ뿴ɳ
ʮˣͻȻԪ尵Ļͬ׺䶥֨ˣͼһ㣬ڸ̨Ͽգͳ飬ͬǳ֮ĴɳԾɽ磡
ңɽ۲һƷʯг۵ʮֹ
ִˣּɳʵʮѵжҲģµˣײ
ôܡСС̻ᣬȻɳ
̻Χʮ̻ʱ򣬶Ÿ̨ưĴɳ󣬶𺳵˵
λҾС̼û
ȻЦˣЦʮֲãץһĿƣǺǣǾʹˣֶӣͬʱҲӼӵܣһɻ𣿡
Ȼֶƣ
Ҫ
ҲҪ
ԭ޷ͣҪȥɳˣ˷ּǡôóֶƣŻȻֶʲôһɣĸӣǴͷŲġ
ͬ۷䣬һѷسϸ̨ȴһǿסȻʥ̻ԱʼһݷһٽĴɳˣֳףǻ˵ң
һ޴ΣԿ۸񣬰ɳװ׵ȥʥ̻˴ѪѪ޹顣
ʼּͬƵģ
ȶǿǿˡ
Һ壬ҶҶԶ˾ҶԱߣɳϽ׳ȥּ֣֮һͬҰǶЦݣÿﶼζ
ʱ˲ŸҪɽ緢չһжôѣף
ҶӵдɳȴҲڴּģͨһδβʾ֭ģڣ׻Уʰ
˼աں벻ʣֺοҶȣ
ɳɵǶ۾Уģ𣿵ȻףһһǮǶѪѪģʱΪ˽ʥ̻ᣬȻڰѾ
λҲûа취£һֻܿԼΪδΪʥ̻ᣬԵѪô
ҶȷοˣʵҲܣܳԿˣ
ȻǲȴˣԼƤӵ£˴ҶȱҲһγػ򣬾ԿǶ۾Կ칬ҶҲδԹּ¼
ڣؾͷˣΪ˸򣬰ϣһиЩ˼ֱǶħ˲¹ͷħƹ֮ѪȣҶһۼ
չ̻Ȼס˴죬죬ʥӯӣһô߳ˣ
һˣ
Сӣ㵹Ǵ󷽣ɳչ̻ᣬν᲻úײǣδ˰ɣ
ͻȻһϤĲ֮дҶȶ
컨аĸɵۡ
ҶȰһ鷳ϣΪ˽ʥ̻鷳ϧ¶ɳҶȾ֪²ǻ
ⲻ컨аĸɵ۾ˡ
ˣɵ۲Ǵ鷳ҶȾһֱģ¶֮󣬻ﻢ񣬵ֲò׳нֻЩ鷳Ҷţ鷳ˣԼҲԽǿ
һ֮ɳܿûУֻС˵õ󲿷˶ΧŸ̨Ҫɳȴû˸£ΪΣΪҶ֪ʥֶ̻кϵҲֶΪУԻΪֻ꣬Ҫ棬Ҳˡ
λ쿪ʼʥ̻ỹ½۴ɳɢ󶩵Խܣϣҽʥ̻ɳɣʵĳţ⣬ôӭԺ̻ᣡ
²𣬲䲻ȵĶ԰˷˵Ŵ˻ʼѯʼ۸Լɱ֤ȵȡ
̻ᣬӶˣʥ̻ǣιͨʥ̻ᶼ֮⣡
λֵܣϲϲ
̫ɳλ硢ͫܿҶߣҲϹƸˣ뷨ô֪


721 
һ죬ʥ̻ÿ˵־ϲ
ڶ죬̻̫ɳֻᣬɳطֻᣬ˴ֻӭ˷ѯʴɳ֮ͷһȣʥ̻Ȼͬ
ˮһ󺣣
ʥ̻𽥲죬Ҷȴһݴ⣬̫̻ỢΣʱή٣
λǰݣ͸λǰϣǰΪ̻ģ
ֹ˽ʮ꣬ʥ̻ڼ䣬飬鷳춼Уһһˣʥ̻Ž볣̬һ죬Ҷٻɵ컨аĸɵۣͳ֫
еģ
潻֣նɱĴ֫ٷݣһָʥԱһˣʣһҲʥ̻ȫ׳ȥ
е˼ǾˣģɵۣСˣȻӦ꣬꣡ɵۺĮ˫ͫ㻹ǸֳѵЦݡ
СӵŰɣ鷳ں棬ӵдɳϢһߵɵ֪㣬ʱӶǶ֣Լģ
컨аĸɵƺҲɭúúôҲԱ仯
Ҷ֡
Ȼһӿռ⣬˰㴫ݶ
λǰҿܾҪ̤ɽ磬ʱ鷳λǰһõλɵ۵ģǣ
ಣ
ҶȷŷҪ£ɵʩһͲˣ
´ٷƺҪ£ٻң
ոշɳһ󷨣֮Уͼӭ漱
ղҵҲٷ춯ɵȷ·ʲôҪȥɰɣһ£ҪЩɽ磡
Ҷ˴һҶָһһͷ磬̾һ
ˣ
һȺˣ׳˶볣˲࣬ǷʥȶʮλˣȻһӰɴ纺
ţҶҶԶҲ֮зɳȶ
壬´ٷҪţҾͺúУµ㹻ɵǰʱʱڰ̻ᣬҲ̻ᣬȥҲԣ֮עⰲȫˣ
潻һҶ纺ʹŶʮΪƽĵľˣɳ󷨣ʥ̻ȻԪ尡ŲƵĿ£һƾʧȥ
ʥ̻ɵ۰бҶȥԭ̻£Ԫ尡Ųơǧԭ෽澭Ӫʼջɷչȥġ
ɽ磡
㷨ѹȣҾ˵һöûС
ʮ䣬Ҷȡ纺ʮˣͳɽ磬ɽ磬ʮ˶߼ѹһ𣬿Ҫѹ͸ŷʥͷصԶܿͰɽںϡ
ԽԽ˵츳
˽ŷҶΪﵽףɽ磬Ѿ޵Уô߶Сǧ
һУ죬ɹɽɽֵｮڼĵ
ৡ
ͷֶ̳һͨҶ纺žǷ򣬾˲䣬߲ҲӦƣȻ֪˻عˣ
Ҷȡ纺ûȥ󣬶ǸԻصԼĶһ鰲֮󣬲׼ȥ
һ嫵ɽҶȵ
纣ûиٷȸʦرչʦúڵȻѷʥǴռ䣬ú壬ҪԵ֣ȥǱ壡
ҶȻع֪ͨȻ纺ʥʮպҪ㡣
壬Ǳûпֻھռ䣬õԵĹȣŻıѣ
һһһСˣ纣ݱ𣡡
Ҷȶ飬͹ϵһԭʧ纺һ󣬲ŴŷʥȾ˷
̤ɽ꣬õɵҲҪΪЧ
˲䴩Խһͨ;У棬һͬжڲ²󣬾ʲôҪ£Ҫٻǻع飬ʮڵӣԻһ
ܿ죬һơǶеһ鱦ʯ󣬾ͳǰ
ǡ
ʱĵӣҲ٣Ҷһµۣ;úİŷûмƵġ
ϳˣϾ½½ɱĳɹߣһڲԺļ䣬ϾǳҪΪţֵõִ۴ŵӡ
ɽ翴ģ綼Ϊˣ
ʦܣʦܣãʦǣǰʦʦ񣬸ˣ
Ҷһظ󷨿ռ䣬һλ鷨ߣڵȴƵģˣ̴˽ȥһռ䡣
ʦ֣
ռ䣬Ҷ̾ͼˣһӰƯ
˲ӰһУҶֱʱۣ֪δɣϣµĵĥƣصǣۻ⴫ɹǼгɹʱ򣡡
ԭˣҶ˿
ǿɲҪΪһǰӣǵӣȥնɱа̣˲ٵӣȴûааɾԭҪ鷨ȥ񣬵ǾӢӣǣһŵĵӣȥִ񣡡
ϵ˵ֱͬ´񣺡ҪĿģһǳаڶǶЩŵĵӣ

Ҷ˵ӦˣΪ޷ѡ
ɲҪӣа֮УҲţοȫܽа̵򲻿ɴ⣬һЩа̵ĺĵӣаÿˣ㣬Ҷʦܣɽɱ֮Уȫ̵ܽı̬Ŷݣй֣Կó㲻аΪȥҪԭ򣡡
еԸа̣о飬ɿܵأȡ񣬱֤ƽ
üɿܣ
ΪԽǣֻ߽ɵ۷֮ǿߣǲɿܣԶǵΧȥִ񣬲ֱϸϣȥɣ
ķɳķ৵һУ˲ӰʧˣҶҲ뿪صء

ףȴΣأؼҪһŵĵӣҳΪͷˣ
뿪磬Ϳʼˮˡ
û취ΪŵӣҪκ潻


722 һȺ
ȫֵ̡ܽܣǶˡɶ񰡣ңҲ֣
뿪ڸһɽ֮ϣȻʼóȫ֣ܽݵǿ󣬲ɵһں
ݡҵתߣȷܱ̬ڵң֣аսնɱҲڿٵΪ϶ҵأҴУ
ҶȵһЦǷɵǿߣһƲ΢΢ҵϣ붷ݡ޶ħħΡᮡϫӡޱӵȵţھɽۣѩ֮ӣʹ콻һ
ֵܵǺơЦһҶ֣ϣǿɵϡ
̣Ҷ⿪ӡüһĨɻ
ȫܽһһһа֯ȻǶа̣綼ȫ̲ܽ࣬ɽ磬ɣΧа̣˽ӳ죬еаڲҲͽЩ˾аγɶ֯󣬵ȴΣһ
ЩʱɨݣʼΪҶȽ󣬽˵ԭ۹Ԯ۹ûΪһ۹ӣһΪ۹򲢲ңԶ⣬пڣе۹ˣ
а۹ǿɶȷʵˣȫܽΪҶۼ֤ģȻаҲΪΪĿ꣬о˲ˬΣͺúаҵϣԽԽ࣬ΪҶɭɭһЦɱ¾֮Ȼŷעɱ
ǡ
ʱо֪ҶֶεģɵҲҶȴ֪ҶΪеˣúѿ
֣һñ
ֹһʱ䣬װѷо͸ϸ֮ҶȺȻץһӡ̵
ñ
֣˷ˣǰɽ磬ǿŰɳװûˣвǸۣᰡ絶ڴ࣬ڵѪ֪Ҷȱĺܡ
ǡ
ץסӡոմϢȻǿҵķ޷ѹӶ͹ѣ𾪿ŷӡֿҶȣ⡭ǣ˵еĶ֮
ֵܹȻʶҶΪ⣬һϳȾı
֮찡ֵܣɲˣ֪𣿶֮ǵֻеŴڣʲôɳܸȼ磬֪һŶֵ֮жô𣿡
һͷ⣬ӡ棬һֺɫԲιʵͷųһ̺һϢ̫ϧ𺳣벻˼顣
֮ļֵҶȱκ˶ɵ˵ΪҪȻ֪һ֮ھɽ磬Ǳеı޽֮أǱ߽ܶɵۣðսΪľǶȡ֮ϧʮȥֻһܻŻɵ۽Ҳǳ֮󣡡
ԭֵ֪ˣ⣬ҪǳУ϶ɱֵ֮ܣôأô£
ʱо̫أ̫ء
־̫ͻȻû׼ֱԼкεºܣֲҶֵܣֵܣһˣܴ˴Ҳ֣οˣƽ޹¡
ಡ
ܾʱҶͻȻѸײڶ֮ƣûз£Ѷֲ֮ڡ
⡭ʱˣһ
Ͳ裬㣬ֱ֣Ҳһȥɽ֮һкܳ·Ҫߣ֮ԼԪ붼벻ĺô
֣Һʱǿյı˶ˣ
ҶͻȻվ˫֣쿴񷣬Ϳ޹硣
ʱҲ̲סվҶߣ˳ҶȵĿ⿴ȥƺҲܼľͷиص磬Զûб߼ʡ
ɲǼ䣬δ񷣬ҶϢŷܵһأе־ʱĵֵܿ޷ĸ߶ȣţջﵽı˰
ͶˣӺ͸ˣбһֻŬḶ́л͸뾡취ץסֻҪΥԭɣ
ҶοЦ
λʦܡ
Ȼ棬ɳһӰһӵ־ͶӰ
Ӱ̣Ťķһ֮μһٸ½ӣѾȫλλʦܣϿ쵽
ˣߣ
ҶͶӰͷ˺ɣʱһͷգɢۡ
˵ֶӣҶֿԼŬʵͨһ㿼ˣܼѳΪӵĻôʣµˣҪҪܽĵӣҪһЩ塢۹ֱϵĵӡ
ӣöݣ
ɣ񣬶ôޣԿа̣һβμֵܣ˴룬ǾӢӴӣ
˻٣һͷӣǲľԴմɽ磬ʦ֣ʦܲǣֱǣ
ȫ𣡡
ǰ㳡˵ĵǰһλۡȹеӡŮӣԹصΧʮ鷨۲ݡ
Ȱλʦܣ˵Ҫע㣬ǾͲת߲㣬ҪԸ
鷨߶û취ˣ
ԽǸɽ磬ÿԽǲ򵥣鷨ߣĳЩĵӣҲ޲ߣȳ⣬á
鷨ԽЩ۸ڶ½ӣ⣬ʵףڽ֮Ҳ´ͽ䣬ֻΪһˡ
λֵܣǲȥŸ߲㣬Ǳǣ
ۿʵû취ʮλ鷨ߣֻܳȥҪŪһͷúѹѹЩ½ӣ߳ͱƾֶҶŴЦݣ
ðɣ
鷨߼ҶǿǶ˹ȥ˽⣬Ȼ֪߲ˣһ£ʹ˸кöȥ
ǣ
һٵӣŮӾӶ࣬Լռ㣬ԭŮӴ඼δҶȥѰϣЩеӣʮ㣬ڣֺٰŮӡ
ǾҶλʦ֣
Ů֮УȻ߳һλĸȹǶŲɫ׵Ůӣʮ£Ǿһһò˵鷳λʦ֣߲Ҫʦ֣
ԣǻ˵ĸĻǵĻ
ŮӡеӣʱһϣͰʦַ
λŮֵǣҲΪȫ룬ܲܰװȥʦ֣Ӧ뷨


723 ޱ
ˣ
ȻһɣҶȵһֲЩ½ӣ˼죬ţ
ˣֵܣ԰Ҽ֮Уƺû֯ڣĪҹªţҲҴԴչ˼ڼ֮ѰţûаϢ
ʱҶȸԺ
ֲһĿˣԭǵ֯
ŮƣüɻɢһƳĵǻ˲Ŵã֮һλʦ֣ȥ߲ʹ£ҵȶȻǲͬģ
ԭˣ
Ǹֽϻ
Ҷɶ磬ˣϽ㱻ģ̿ѣੲݵĻŮСʦã֪ƴ󣬲ٴ󲻹ɷչǳϸ߲´ģǺɣɣ߲ҲǸ߲㷢ŭ߹ǳȥһˣΣգرǣӣǵʱ԰κƸǣԲԣ
ƺ߲㡭ǲף
һĻһҲ֪飬ƺӵе
Ȳ߲㣬ֲðգŻ԰κΣƸҶȣǶԻкô
һɨ˱龡۵ףŷ뷨ˣֺԩӣȴ֪βажôΣգʵҲƴ񣬲߹ѣ
ǺãȻλֵվͬӪǾͳȥһˣǸӦӦͰˣ
ŮҲͬˣ
ǺһȺɶɵĻ˵ӣҶ뿪󣬼磬ã˾Զ
Ҷ֣⻨һȺ棬֪֮äĿǿ֪а
֮һȺ˷֮УƯֺޣ֣Ť续ĺ
ҶϡƽٶȣһУһǰţ
ϾбģȻСܵУа̣յò٣ȻǶ棬ȴǹ竣֪֮ôǴǣо̫Ϊ˴Ҳѣ
΢ͬһ棬ҶȵǾûܽܣ̫֣УеĳߣȻȴŲӣԵϡ
Ȼ̡
УϢϢ
ַգȻ˾˽пֱӼӿٶȣǿаҶ˾ôֱϢɢģУֻǾһ˵˵ЦЦӹ
ҶҲ㣬ϢҲϢȻͣͣ羰ĵطҪͣϢ֡żҲѰұ֮ϡﻩࡣ
ٶȣջ۹
۹ǽһƬԭ֮УïֺֻȺɽķȴûκɳأһԴ
طλϢƬ̣֪ͨ۹߲Ϲǽ۹˵Ȼ۹һŸ߲㷢ȥٷܲŷܹȥ
˷ɳֺɽͼһռعĵ۹϶ྲ˾͵ϢҶƬ̣һӡΪٷ۹
ˣΪߴﵽĽף
λŮԱϢȻܵһϢ˶ǰ⿴۹
ಡ
ǧɵľӣһۡ׵죬Χòū澣Ҳвˣͬʹʵ۽һ㣬ǧʿɱһƬɱӭա
˲̾Ϣû뵽һ۹ȻҲ˸֡
һʱ䣬Ҳŷ˼ʶ
λʱ۹ӣ˳ͬʱҲޱڵӣ˳Ҹ۽ּ䣬˾ͣǧ˹ӭ
ԭޱڵӡֲã
棬͸оݵ˲٣ޱǰЩ΢΢ѷɫͬΪӣȻҲоһЩ
֣룡
ʲã˳ʩ֮󣬱ҶȱȼŻһﰲ棬ʵʵ۹ȥһ·˳е
˳ֱӴ˷۹ʹ֮У˿̣ʹдʿԴڻʹǰʮһµŮӣ˵ЦȻ˳Ҷȡˣ̰ڳһ߸ϣ
״ʵΪôޱʦֵܣ
˳Ϳ񣬲ӣˣȻ͵֪аĺܣϴʧʦֵܣҸĲ̣ǱһԮϣΣ˫֣װаɱһ
ãԴ˵ʧ
˾˳֮⣬һޱڵʶͬΪֶǳһɣ˫ӶԵúͺ
һܣʶֶ֮ޱһٶλӣ˳ʹ֮УʱպһλѮۡͷڣһȺŮ澡̫๧֮£ǵ¡
ס۹ʵ۾Ȼȸ֡
ɲǼ䣬ҶˣʵΪ˻Ǹܵ˸߸ϣ֮֮ϻʵۣȻΪɽ磬۷ǿߡ
ֲֶ۹ӣõӹ۹Χɱа۹о֣ͬһ
ʵȻΡ룬ȴͬԴһ㣬ŵӣ̩Ȼ֮Ȼ󳬼ɵӣӭ۹Ϊҵ۹ðϧˣƷ赤øλţҵ۹úɽ
лǰ
ΪʿȻ緲ǰƺʩ񣬶ûоܾʵº
Ůһÿһ֮УӡżƷ赤ž۲
Ϊǰ࣬Χɱа֮£˳񣬴ŴһͬΧɱа̼ƻ˳񣬿Ҫúдң
͵֮۹뿪˴
Ҳ˳뿪ʳһﻨĺ԰ֶޱ˫ӲŶζܿ컹Ů赸ˣв޷
ʳˣҰ
ҶΪֶȻǰŮ赸дҩʳѰʿ˵붼룬һȴպ֤۹
֣Ҷ֣ɲҪ͵ԼÿֶޱһֱˣǲشӪǺǣ
˳˫֮Уͷͷǵ
λʦ֣ô죿û뵽ޱҲˣִа̶֣ҪһЦ
Щˣȴסˡ
Ȼ֪ǰƽʱģܿͻа֣ʱޱڳѵ֣Ȼᱻޱӵͷڹ꿴֣ùԼ
аôöԸ


724 
аӣɽ𼣣
ڶڻ½ѵز߰ɣᱻޱץסβͣɣΪôа̶֡
ޱĶǾӢӣһΪ׵Ľ֮ǰ඼㵽ףĽ׶
ҪǣҶȶǸմɽһһΪһһ׶ǡ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦţڻһ棬żģһȺȹϵϣ˶뵽ͬȥˣǾǣûΡѹʱ
ϾǶ棬ֶΪ۸ڶ뿪ţʧȥֶ챣һͳΪ
λʦ֣취
ҶӦ䣬²ı飬Щ͸ϻżʳҲˡ
ҶͻȻԱ䡢ȳÿˣϴ̶ԣߣ½ӣ֪Ϊ˴Ҷײʦ֣ѣʦ֣ȥ˭֪ǻ᲻ᷴڱǼǣ
ǺǣǲԼ취Ҫ뿪ҪߣǲأʲôʵҲҲ֪һΪЩ½ӣˣǲܵͷѣ
Ҷȴˣʱһһͣһ˶棬ֻڣ֪һ
Ҷõģе뿪ʲôޱôǴš
λֵܣʱΧɱа̵Ĵ£ޱӣ俭ʦ֣ʦޱɽţ
ڲ֮ʣ˳վҶʩȻ˵˼䣬ͶҲޱһλŲݵܵ
Ϊ俭꣬ȻʮݣȴһŽüǣһǸ֣ޱ֮òȴŲһƵ֮ӡ
˵ȷޱɽľţҲǴɽɱɹţҲм¼
ȷǸ֣Ϊʵﵽס
ҶҲеͷʮֿ϶俭ʵվ俭Ҳͬʱվ˫˴ʩ
俭ҲǼҶΪһףȴܳΪֶӴ˵ʵ
ʦ֣ȫܽǧˣں˵ˡɢ޵ȵȣʲôﶼУԡɱ롮׹ʥĸΪ䣬ݺɽܶ꣬Եȡű⡢۹ԴץӤŮΪĿ꣬Σһ֪ʻ֣֮
˫֮˳Ϳʼؽɱ׹ʥĸǰһȫ̵ܽĸ֣һ̵ĸ֣а֮󣬾ķаǳթöԸ֣ҲĽΪа׸֣ҪסǣҲף䣬Ŵɱҵ۹ƻǳأ°СŮˣа̣زݣ
а̵ȷթƶˣʦܣŲʦ֣аУȫܽҲ϶ˡ
俭˵ˣɨһֶѹ˳񣺡Ըǣ򵥣ȻаҲͷֳսֶޱڣһԸһΣ
취ǿԡ
˳Ҷȡʩʵλʦܣʦⷬ飬Σʲô뷨취Ƕ


Ҷ˵仰ˣѾֶ첻ޱڵһͬжԷҲ뷨Ȼûأ˵ӦÿóǴӣ½ӣʵҪڹڣҵϣܶൣ
˼
ޱڲٸ֣øֶ֣Ըа̣Ȼ½ӣⲻ
俭ͣƬ̣Ϊһɸ֣ҲûԥìܶãȻλѴޱӾֻһڻҪаһκݺݷȫǾã
һ̾İãֹȻˬ죬ҵҲȫޱڸλ֣ԻϽа
ͬˣü⣬ȫ̶ܽܺúúţֱܷ
俭Цúܿģõǫ飬άĻޱڸ֣ҲǶֶӲ䳰ȷ
ֶӣԽݣޱһ̨£ϾͬżҲʺϡ
£ڷажټ
Ȼһ֮ӰӸ߿֣һˣ˲ڰճ֣˳ǰ
˳һʱֽкããӰ٣֡Ҷ֣ʱѵãȡһΣҪͳͳ
а̣
ޱһ֣ȻվߺƸ죬ֶҲһߺ˳˷ɳʹֻǧŰ۱ڰȴ
ֻ˳һ£۱ͷֳɼӪʼݺᣬ̱ͷߣ˳俭Ϊǰ棬ҶŻ˵ӣһԣʮ˳ֺȥ
һӣǱɽԽȥͼϵĴ磬֮УЩŷƵģǿХҲֻ΢΢ﶯһ¶ѡ
֣˾ͲշУΪ̫Ũ޷ȫɢΪа֮صԭ
ּ֮ޣʱʱ̾ڴ֮У޵Ҳʮֿ£еľޣﵽסĽףȫʵȻԽ֡
˵Ȼ׷ٽ룡
ҿ
ڴ籼ߣڣһƬʯ¥ȴûӰӣ˳̻ôͣ
֣Ҷ֣а̣ɱ룬˳µټǣ
俭ޱڳҶȡʩ񣬼̾ͳȺʯ¥ΧܼĲ߸ʮ֮һһ俭˳ʹޱʮ˲ˡ
˳ԱʱҲסΧҴǰȫģҲ׽̽棬ţطܹ죬ͷ־а̸֣˵ڸһӦǾͻ뱻
ޱڿЦҲͣܺˣȥޱڵ׸ʲôҶ侲ǣһȻһ£ʹڵӼǰ
Ȼ;ͷޱµۼ˳ۼ˿ʼƹʯ¥־һƬ磬־ȻккҲ
ôƺе֣аϢ
֮ʱ˸оһаҪƤȻͨ㣬һǺȻֺ֮ڣһƬ졣
ǡ
Ҷ˫üһݣЩϤ
¡
ۿ˾ҪӿٶҪ뿪ƬʱͻȻӺӰһѪɫ磬Ѹײڶ֮ƱҶȡ뻨һٵӣ˲Ƶģεڽ֮С


725 а
壡
˲ɫ䣬ΪѪɫϢͻȻ
ޱڲǳһţԿΪǲɣʲô¶ɣˣа̽磬һޱھͿΧȦа̷ڡǳ
ǽӿֳ·аΪѪӰ洦ǣⶼа̸֣ƺͰã͵š
ȻһŶɭɭЦӽ֮⴫
ޱڣ۹ֶ죬νͳͳСǽȥɱԷӡɣʮŴֻأ׽ҲȻô
֮⣬Գơɱа֣˵Ͳˡ

Ѫɫ磬ʱ䣬Ӻǰɫ֮УаϢ֮ʼںϣйӰ˸
ȥƽ磡
˵ӣҲҶŮȳһֳδйĽɵ
һ˺ְڳһ󷨹γһа֮ݵһ£Ų׵Ѫɫɱȥ
Ⱥа̵ǻ᣿а֮𣡡
Ȼаڣƺ͵ȴֶ칥ƺڿƽ磬һ޴аӰſ죬ȻѿɱһҧסȻǿ֮С
ء
аӰΪһֻŤĹڽϿʱʱ˸֮УһɹаʼȼƵģֶһӿʼҶΧ£
ô죿
˳ˣ
Ҫ½ӣǺǣſʼƽʱŹˣúĥһǵĵİɣ
ҶȸֶȻˣЩ涼ǿ߸ǹඥϴһǿԼģνĥҪĥκμѻ£ֻм̵ĵģ̵־սʤһС
ɶ񡭡ǲҲˣ
ŮֱţͷȻ¿Ц֪ʵǹŪ顣
ҶһɨΧа֮ڷӾ磬ָˣעŶа̶̲ǳ֣ýͨ粨Ӿþǵ־ǵĵģ״Ӿݻǣ
־εȼ̣ߣע⣬ȻԻþݻ־ǾͲõаȹ־
˶󣬵Ҳ࣬һһ߶Ȼͼо񣬿ŸѪӰŤ淭ӿŷͬޣҪһ˰㡣
쪡ء
ʱ䣬ͷƤ顢ĺֱѪӰǶÿ˶߿ʼСڿӣƺڶߵѪѪ
ֻ֮˿µӾ볡
֨֨
˴󲿷ֵӣɪɪսţ彥ŽģˮҲԽԽ࣬ʪˣеӿʼŤеͫʼŴ󣬼ÿ˶΢ķӦ
ֻһֱ޶ԣ£Ҷ
ʵǰҲиֽûĻڴѰ©Ҫ˽йϧΪ侫ļ̣־𣬲Ϊκλ˶ûһ˿á
ССԸͷھ֮ڻΪǣ
Ȼ֣˴򵥣аȻ˵ȼ󣬸һŹΪа֣
ҶȸֶƤһڼ΢ȻʼƤ㣬ҵȻӿ𽥸ıԣ׿Ԫ
ϧҶȣֱͬ亣ǳǧڱҶΪԽնɱߵԭ򣬵Ȼ㵽棬ǿȥᣬǶǰܹඥעⱾС
ҲˣȲҶȸ߶ȣȴҲǲϵĥģǿŸ󷨻
ȷܹ죬֪طʲôܡĿɨ˷κν䣬аͻȻ֡
˳֣ôЩĥĵӣз֮ȥ롣
ҪҪҲҪġ
ڣУ˼ֲסˣ
һеӣΪҲʮۻ룬ȴûȫںϣԪҲʮִ
ѪɫϢϵعڷȫȫͶᣬа׽Ժ־ڷкŲҪҪδĥе־а£ȫʧȥЧ
һ
еӾһѪһͷԵڵأȥױû˲ˡ
ˣ
ûãһ˵еһһȥеĻ˯ȥڵͫ׷Ŵ󣬿־ץԼ壬ץѪۣĿģ˺ҧԼƤֱħ
Щ½ӡ
Ŵ룬ڵϣʹࡢҽеĶ棬ε̾ӼҲһ壬ڼ壬ҲδûãǴСܵĥ־̵ģЩ棬ΪΪǿߣ͹ˣȴҪ棬ǾģԪ־ľǿԼȥУ˰ﲻˣ˼̵ģɾɾҲô־ݻ٣а־ƣ
ȷˣЩеģľܵӰ죬־˲Ǹ߽ʲôã־ǿĸ֣һͷϲˣ̫ŲͶֲС
һʧٷҶҲид
ǰãΪ½ˡϴʵ˵һ£ȻпبŲĵͻУں֮󣬲ĥŻɳ
ҶֻΪָṩһҶСۣҪںȥ棬̤ϱ˰ĻԼҵС
ҶԼʵһȡӡ򣬸ʬ塢ϴȵȣһ棬Щ׷еǾھָ֮УıչأͨŨȣ߾ȵȡ
ͨһδɱԿǿߡչأĥ˵벻־ԷŬнɾ͡
ˣ̫СаЩӣֿȥˣ
żڼţ
ڣȻ˸OO@@صĶ
аˣ
һݣڣֵսڲſʼ
һʼֶ󲿷ֵӶҰܣΪƵģڵϵʰʧܣֲǰһֶҲʧܶ飬˲ٵӣһ磬һаΧɱ
ҶȺȻע⵽󰵺졢׵аκаǴӺͷųġ


726 

ͻȻҶߣһͬİɫ棬һǺ·ȴŷʲôаԴԾš

Ҷǰ˺ȫܽ⣬һǷͬСɣ
Ͳȥʲô⣬ֵܣǲԴУЩ⣬ҲʧˣͬţҲǳ⣡
ʱ˿̣δ֪ĵǣǰһѾǻʹֿа־Ļ½ӣоֱ֣һͷ
ҶȾĵ棬ޱѶ֣ʱͱжʩչ󷨣ңԲӦ䣬˫ɱû˱ʣٶֲ٣
ֵܹȻͣɱɱȥޱ費ǶӣͲ󷨣һϣ
ৣ
̾ͷǧ⣬գ߶һռ֮ƺں汦ৼ£ռ֮Ͱѻĵӣɶ𣬹ڣһռ󷨣ӡֳ

ռӿֳƺжѪɫаռӣһλ½ʹı飬ʧˣҲ𽥰Լֻʮˣûбаƣаʧһѹ󲿷˻ǻ״̬
ֵд˷԰Ⱥۣһɵۣɽﶼȥã
Ҷ߹գߡ
ҴڽɵʱѻɱҪܳ·ҪߣһףʱԽסף
ӡɣռް㱣ŴңȻжаڣǳа
ɹ⣬а
һ½ӣ˿̿ɲĥ־˯ʱ̣һƴһʰɹ⣬ˣ
ֵܰɹÿǴ찡
Ҷȼ״ʮ־ϲ˵õôѧУڰܣˣ˳̶ȣȻ޷ᲢۣԳԽܿܿ
֤ţǱȱϻҪصš
ɹ⡭찡Ȼ˴۵ͨ
ʮλӵ־λŮֵأտΪˡ
ɹɽ磬ֶ˵Ϊֻܳţžͨ
ʣ־޵ӣ
ã֣ӴԺ»Ϊż񰡡Ҷȴ˿̣ǿЦ
ȻҲֻҶվʱŻ£Цơ
ͱڿ
ǱҶͻȻЦģùǺУҶǲԹЦģȻڳ⸱ģҹŲҲֱ졣
ôˣղšԴըˣ
ɹӿ壬ذаƳ⣬ЩȥĵӣһһѹѹȴҲǲܶ£ʮãȻڴ߶ԪĿһǱۼ
£ΪԺӣʵʵҶѵ⡣
Ҷйȥѵǣһʵʵȡѵ˾øˡ
ֵܣ涷ĺɽۻհҿޱڵɪҲɱһǧ˰˰٣
ͷǿԪҶȣܸӦ֮սޱڹȻƣɱаڽڰˣ֮ɱ׹ʥĸҲǳصģޱ˲ٵӣС
䡭
ڲ֮ͻȻʩչĿռ󷨣ըŷرѣаҲѹȶ
ֶΣҲ빥ҵ󷨣ûо֣
Ҷ棬ڵӻϣһִһɹɿռע֮У棬ϰаڹ󷨡
һ£սҪˣ
Ȼ࣬Ҷȴ֪ž޴գа̴֮аͲܣһǿߣ¶ſˡ
ʦ֣ǻھ֧㣡
Ⱥ棬һ㣬Ϊҡ
ݣ
ͻȻһƷڽ
ãǿ֣߳һɱ׹ʥĸ׼ͻΧ׼
ƷҶȾ͸Ӧǿа֮ڣȻͷԪҪ涯
һȺȱȥЩ׼̳
һ֮а
Ȼ󷨹ͽˣ֮ȷʵһɹɽѹ
ԭ˾ɱ׹ʥĸ
ҶȵԪ£󷨼ĺϷּٸаеˣǰ棬ˣһ޺һаɭɭԱһʮ긾Ů綾Ы·а
ʥĸɵôһ㣬Ҳɾͣû뵽󹦸֮ʣޱƻһҪȥʱԲ֮ʥĸں϶Ϊ˵е֮壡
˵
׹ʥĸЦ󣬶޽ֳ֮ɱһλǿߵõһ֣ҵߣаħ֮л඾ǲҪֻҪһ㣬ͨҾϣ֮壡
ǸϿ߶ޱ֪򡭡ɱ׹ʥĸֶʱ
¡
ʱа̽磬ͻȻһ֮ͨ⣬ΪһУ˲һ
ಣ
û뵽аɱ׹ʥĸǾȻа
俭˳ȶʮˣɱֽ俭ָǹ·Ҳ˽
ޱڡһȺС˦˦ȻҪ֪ܣҾ·
֮
ɱ׹ʥĸû뵽俭Ѹ͡ͻȻͬΪ֣ɱ׹ʥĸʱ֮С
ҶջԪ񣬶ļ򣺡ˣֹ֣ͣȻǾͲҵ£Ƿǳ֮ҲһܶԿ׼뿪
ٿٿ
۵ֱӣʱٴУޱа̸δעһ
ֹǣʩչ
Ľ·俭ˣ̴һʮλ֣ͬʱʩչطӡһɹϹ⿪ʼ
ƾǣܶԿ
ɱ׹ʥĸͻȻں£㤡˲аֻͻȻը¶Ӥʬ塢Ůʬ壬ɱ׹ʥĸ׹ʥĸֱʧȥԣ˫ͫѪɫޱˣѪаޱȵİа⣡

һ޴Ĺɫ⻪ʱޱϷͻͻͻسаѹȥһһаײȻаħֱӰѹϹѹ飬سޱڶʮϯȥ
ߣ
ɱ׹ʥĸû;ʣа̸֣ʩչֲа߶磬ŷд˲ƾմʧ


727 صľǿ

ֵȼ֮׹ʥĸ߶֮£ȻܱԽס߽ףоԱǿҵȣ֮ǰóȻж²ҲҪѲƤ
а̽磬ɱ׹ʥĸ߶£˲仯ΪУȻޱڶʮ֣òӰ
̾ë΢΢ս˵ǻȺ棬ļ͵а
ৡ
գ
ȿȡ
Ϊƽصķϣʣ¼ޱڵӣڹӲдģΪһ߾Ѫ졢ڸõʬ壬俭˳񼸸֣ȻûҲһȫ˾綾ƵģҲá
ʹزҽУ俭Ǿ֣Ҳ޷ԸаڴɫȻֵܵٶȣʱп⡣
ԭޱǿѧ֮һʱۼԪʼ֮
֮УҶȡһȺ콵٣ÿķ·ڲһƬȻ
Ҫ룬а֣³

ҲΪ㵣ɽͨͬɹһ˭˲֪ĸҶȣЦãȻ¶ƣȥ޻أ뵱ھɱõһǸεޱţҲֱɡرСˣ
Ⱥ֣ۣΣ俭俭κôͬʱӾ֮ųǧʧޱǳһŵ״ڣһЩҶȿ뿴ޱȺˡ
ǡ
֮У俭˳񼸸ӣڼϴֶһеӣʱ𾪣˼飬ƺ˵Ϊʲôǻš
֣㿴λʦʦã˵Σգҳȥһ¡
ವһ£ҶȾͲӰ
ʦ֣Щ޳֮ͽôһ֮ˣʱ˳ԱŮӣҪ俭˺֮ǡ
аħȥѰаµıߵļʱĴȥѰһ
һ֣ͬµû˵ӣŮӣ׷ײʵʵ˷ɢȥ
ʦֲ֣мȴ޳֮٣ֶ߾ѧɹѹɹ⣡
ݡ
һȺɱɱޱڸ֣ȴؽޣ˫һӣһӡ̼䣬Žӡʩչһɺɵ£ʱȥ
ɹ⡭
俭𺳵˵

û뵽ӵ˿һֳǿȻаħںϣɣ뾳磬пܴﵽ𣡡
ѵõĴ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȷɳ֣Ư֮ϣüͷһɱ׹ʥĸ̫ܵԶ龻֣
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ֮䣬һֿʼתĳֳ΢΢תſռа֮ͻȻ˵һ£龻־ʧˡ
ҵˣɱ׹ʥĸѵõĸ֣ȴҵĶֻ֣Ҫ䲻ȫɱɱ׹ʥĸ˺޷ֻ֮Ҫ׹ʥĸʩչ˵Σգ
Сǧߣ
Ҷ̴߶Сǧռʧˣֻȫǰ֣ŤϵصߵǬ
Сǧ֪
ڿռؿն֮УҶȺȻ뵽Сǧ£һλǳˣһ֪˳
һֱڴ˵֮У˭Ҳ֪δɽ֣ΪĴڣһֱڴ˵δ˼аĶһմϣͻᱻɣΪ֮壬ƣڸӾģСǧҲ֪
Сǧ޿ɰҶΧݶ
Ĵڡ
Ҷȸо͵һɤۼ֮֮ֲãҶȵһθӦ;ϢʶζȻǿҵԣȴ̺ԹаϢҲɱ׹ʥĸеĶֻһǰѡ
Ķ
аʲôֻҪ˵ǴƷһҪõ
ˣҶȸоϼӿ죬õҶȸ潫зظı仯κӣǵӣ֮ȣΪ塣
ӣȴ
Ƭ
ԼʮҶȿνԽˮǧɽڴӿռӳһƬϳɽΧ֮УϢȻҲаģȻɱ׹ʥĸĴϳ
ҶϢǱȥ
ء
һڣڲ
ȻһѪʮɴѪΧٸаΧ߶аϼӳѪ֮УѪ֮ڣȻаȼգɱվϷ׹ʥĸѪС
ȫãüģֻһѪСİѪ⣬Ȼͷаϵӿ׹ʥĸԣ̴ȫ׹ʥĸһòŮȴΪһ߸õʬ塣
ʥĸˣ̫ȥ᳹㡭
ɱʵڿȥ
Ǿ
Զ֮УҶ˫ۣ˫ͫȼǿ⣬ôһ㣬̶СȻ׹ʥĸһĽףס׵ǿߣӵ֮Σ׹ʥĸֱ壬ΪѹƲסǴ˵еа
һ̶СѪ⣬ȻĽǿߣֿǺεȵκѹƴ
һҪõ
Ҷ߬ȭͷᷨӡҪһնɱ
ò״̳õܰװ׷һҪõ
Ѫ֮ڣ׹ʥĸ쳤ХʹĲҽţ
аںϵģҵģ
ҶȵһҪõһֶǶ۾Ҷ˵ûо޴ջ󣬵Ͳͬ
ʥϣͱˣ
ͻȻ
Ҷɱ׹ʥĸ˫Ƕȡʱһ֪ﴫ˻
֣ѵа̵ľ֣
ɲǼ䣬ҶüͷһᣬֹͣӡɷȻϢֹͣ
˭˭ͷ¶βʲôӢۣ
ɱ׹ʥĸʱ󾪣ɳѪѪͱ׹ʥĸͷǿķĪڽ̵ǿߣ׹ʥĸõ⣡
⣿֪ʲô𣿡
Ȼ˻Ƶ˵
װŪС֮׹ʥĸʲôǿûռϢΪǾͻᱻ㻣ס
׹ʥĸɭɭĺȵ˫۱߰а񣬶õƤ𽥿ʼϣĿģ


728 һħ
СõװŪ
ͻȻЦһ
ৡ
ţֻޱ䣬˾籩˲ʧӰ٣аõĽ磬ҲõȻ޴档
Ǿ
ǿϢӦĪǡɵۣ
ҶصĿռ䣬Ȼڷ𶯣ҶȼҺõõСǧ֧֣ǾͻҶһ𺳣񷣺һɵۡ컨аĸɵۣҲ̶ֳȣǶ۾Ҳûдǿ󣡣
ɱκν磬κη̼䶼ֿΪޣо׶ԷǺεȴڣʥĸӣ
ɶ񣡣ߣ
׹ʥĸҾߣޱڱƵߣҪߣûа취ɱǰƣֿʼɱ߶аƺҪֶΡ
ôߣ
ŷ޴ڣ
ߣ
ɱ׹ʥĸǼаҴҴ߶ӡһɿռ䴫ֳͨ

ͻȻһǿؽٶɱ׹ʥĸڵĿռ䣬γһƬѹѹĶռ䣬κˣɱ׹ʥĸոҪ۳Ĵͨɢˡ
ܣܣ׹ʥĸˣ
ɱƺһ²꣬ؿ񷣬Ǻѹѹ羡ͷԭħ֣ħа̱ͬˣ¸̧֣һԸ׳
֪Ϊ𣿡
˼ֱһĿһУط
εȵĸ֣ʵ
ħԭħ֣ħɵǿߣû뵽·ֱ仯ϧߣһ£Էͻ֣ᷢǵȥɣ
ռҶˣҪȡǿʣ޼ǣβַ֣һ֣վͲˣ
ʥĸǲ֮ҾͲΪһУ޷ܵĸ֣ɱĻ䣬Ȱ˵׹ʥĸ
ȥɣ
׹ʥĸʱиϵ⣬žʹ벻̣ץһѪѪ֮УǿŰɫѪ⣬ݺ˦գ
ˡ
Ѫոշգͱһƾ߳ĸߴɫӰץģ˻ݶĴڣ
ɫӰģֻܴжϳһħۣɽľǿߣ
Ȼֻһ־ͶӰ
ҶĿһ£û뵽⣬ɱ׹ʥĸκηʧȥЧ˲иһƬռ䷨ǿߣȴֻһ־ͶӰǱôǺεȵĴڡ
֪ǰħһĸˣ
׹ʥĸƺĵʵǵɫӰӡǸֱࡣ
֮ۡڣܸȱ΢ĴڣͳͳҰϢɣ
ħ֣ɫӰȻ΢΢֣·֮䣬ֻʳָ·ռһ㡣
Ҫ
ɱ׹ʥĸİ
ꡭ
ûбըûж춯ռֻ΢΢һڲɱ׹ʥĸаκεʣһһ˲ſռ𶯣Ϊĳ
ɵɱˣԭôף򵥣
ӽ飬ã򡭡Ȼаһ㣬ñ۶о޷ƣа˭ȥҲ֪Ѱ
ħӰǿߣ̼ɱɱ׹ʥĸаһ鶼ûУĮԳ
ӣû뵽ǿߣȻֻ˵Ĵڡ
Ҷڿռ֮У嶼ģֱһ㣬û˸оԷʵ̫ǿǶ۾޷Ტۡ
Ŷ
ͻȻħӰǿߣƺӦʲôһ֮Ϊδһ£ͷЦû뵽ɽв˳һĪˣ
Īǣˣ
̼䣬ҶȸоĶ˱
Ȼֶ۵Ĵˣû뵽촫еĵӴڣħң飿󱲣ϧۣ֮Ϊ㲻ħţ
˼ֵĹЦ֮С
ȻǱˣҡҵĻϢ֮УȻܸܵɹħεȴڣƺֶ۱Ҳʶɶ񣬲ܶ
һ̣Ҷȸоһ֮УǿǷ̵ʱ
ûг־侲ͷԣļ̵ģôǿһ̣ͻߣûǿ߸Ӧ֮У˲ɱҶȡ
öһ£Ķҡƿأ
ããʳڣڱ£㾹Ȼ侲ɼжộ粻ߣʵ֮ǿ֪̣ܱӰˣɽ֮УָħΪУʰСձ۾ͶͶӰ֮һǲǾԼ컯ԼУˣҲԹˣǿߵ磬
ħǿ߲Ӱ˵֮ͻȻתֽŶδһ£Ҳûκֻͨħ˫ͫһħ⣡
Сǧ죡
е֮ͳͳͷŰɣ
һ̣еڵе̫һͳͳر߶СǧγƽһΪǿķСǧ˲䴩Խնȥ
ҶȾ͸оʱգڼٵĵˣ
ħǿǵ΢΢ħ֮⣬ȻҲ͸˿ռ䣬һĻҶͫײϷڣСǧ߶ٶȣȻһ̣ħǿߵħ֮⣬ͬˮϯ
ͻͻͻ
ռ飡
ӣȼգ
ȻĿռ䡢ΧĿռ䶼飬ħ̫֮ǿ󣬳Խɽ編ռ䣬ҶȾ֮£ͷ侲ּĳʱҶȸоӺ󱳿ʼħ֮ϯ
ħ֮Ȼγһ޴ĺɫħɽ
žžž
ȫγɵķȻħ֮⣬һشݻ٣ҶȽٶȡȻǶԷ֮һĶ֣Ҫ֪Էֻһ־ͶӰ
ž
ڼ᲻ɴݣ۷ķȻôһıըΪޣҲħ֮ϯ̼ҵıըϸһ̣ħ֮⹥翪ʼݻ٣
硭ס
Ҷȼʧȥʶһ̣СǧڴڱȻ߶СǧԼڿռռѾһ޴ĺڶ
ৡ
ϵĿռ䣬صħǿӰ
ҵ־Ҳĵ߰˰ˣ׷漣
ħǿӰ𽥵ʧԶڰռ䣺øŰֶۣ˽ܳĵӣϧϣ޳Լˣһ
½Ȼӣȥ֮Ҫ빫һˣСеľš
ಡ
ħǿ߲Ӱںڰռ仯Ϊһħ⣬񷼱ٷȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬ħӰʧӰ١


729 ټ
ɽ磡
ɽͬ˳첻ϵɽ
Ⱥ׵ɽ׶ΣǾ;ҡ졯Ӫʲô
ٰΧ
ɽɽԭҰ֮УȻһؽ磬֮ڣһϾ޴Ѩڣ˿̣һɣϵΧʮ˵ˡ
ͻΧɱһ׵֮䣬ΧɱʮˣǴһ֮䣬Ƿɶ֣
ֻȺߣһλܾŮӣһԶ붴Ѩ
֣ҵʵǿˣ뿪ҵΪ۹Ч˾ˣοҪ
Χɱ֮Уһŭ
ãඨʹŹ뿪
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬һûӵͻȻ˲ɱٷɣһ꣬ǣܾŮӣһɹҶγͨһͨһƬƬҶΪɱ÷޷
СӲŴʮףȻӵʵɱЩĻ˸׷
һ⣬˫罣׺ɣӺ󷽷ɳһҶӿ֮У̾ʹʮ׷ɱȥ
ܾˣģڣеˣ
ֺҶͻȻɢŮӳֺ֮ϣһӣŷֺеֲﶼƣৣһÿôӵ໥˲ͻΪ̵ڰա
ɱ
ͷӣһ׷
ãԪ
ȫɱЩɣ޷뿪
֮ǰһһָϵشʱͺһ룬ǵصسײзɸǶȥ
ƣ
ͷӼĳһԲ֣ΧǷ棬߶ͷŵķâÿռ䶼쳹
͡
ԲֹиƵģ趯תѲи
ȫһɶԿս棡
ֺԭ
ʩչĹͨƴȻȻ޷ѹƷͷӣüͷһᣬͻȻ֮УͷųһɹɫƵ棬˫ֳһģʱЩֲȻ໥ںϣΪһԼʮɣޱߵľ̡
ֱľ̺
ͷ֣ͰԲַץУȻӪ֮УͫǼɵѵûӣˣҿǿںһ𣬷޷ܣ
ͻͻͻ
ʩչҪ֮ʣڷڵͻȻͻȻһ
Ƭռ䣬ڱ飬ڲ

һɶδӦ㱻ͻȻĿռ䣬һɿµħպúɨѹȷڵĿռ䣬һҽУֻƬռ飬һɻӳ¿ռֱӴԽն
̫ͻأֲ̫ȫǵͽֵܵģ
͡
ʩչͨҲܵɿռ𵴣ͳͳ߽⣬ҲӿһѪɫˢףֿƬĿռ䣬ɢȣ
û°ɣ
Ůߣס࣬߹ĵ
Ϊ˼ĵһСˣû¾ͺã㣬а⣬ϽҺռ֮ѷɶɱˣȻҪȫˣ治ף
㿴ƮһӰŮͻȻָſռƽһɫ⻷һɫӰ֪
Եȣȥ
໳ɱɫ⻷ɫӰԽԽǺɫ⻷ҲʧɫأٶȣǿħϢȴɢһɢ
̫ˣ
ҶҶҶֵܣ
ɱɫӰһɾʱɫӰӣͻȻһ̼ɫӰһ˷ܵغ
ԭɫӰǱħǿߣһʹ֪ңԶյҶȣ
Ҷ֡Ҷ֣
ҡҡҶһ㶯ûУ˼ҲûжĳһʢעҶ֮С
Ҷ֣ɲ
ҶȺ޶Ҳʮֲ԰ףؼûκηӦˣҶһħ˽֣ˣĲѣ𵱳ɡܹԡҶȸӮľ񳡾ͶҶź΢ϵѣֲѡ
䵱껤ӮС㣬̤ɽǴΣأҶȰ֪࣬Ѷˣ뿪Ӯңûȥɽִ񣬶μɽ磬ӮҸͣɱڴɱ֮С
ɱڣʱҶܿġ
£һֱлҶȣ˭뵽Źȥǧʱ䣬˾Ȼɽٴطꡣ
Ӷɽ磬ɽ磬ǧʱ⣬˾漣
Ϊ˵أϡˣ˵磬Һõﻹڣǽ𵤡Ҳֻʣһѣص㣬һ٣Ҷ־ˣҺñס
˯Ҷȣͬʧȥһ㣬صɫ̺˱ȴһֱأҶȵˣ̫أ̫أ
ҶȴʱҪ
ˡ
ͻȻɫ֮ϢʧҶȣڲȻ죬ƺڷţһžը֮Ҳڲϵش
Ҷ֡Ц˳ˣ֪һҶѾٿʼָǴ߶ɫ

ͻȻ֮䣬һɾ޴֮Ҷڱʮ˽׿ܣ৵ΪĿ꣬Ҫ࣡
ͣ
Σ֮ʱʮ˽׿ǹ࣬Ϊʮ˽׿֣ܶǧһ֮ʣҶͻȻѸһȣۣվһץͰʮ˽׿֮УȻһϲؿࣺ֣֣̫ˣҾȻ
˿亹գҶ֣㵹ǰųһ亹ô˲ͻָˣ
ǵõصľϵ̺߶ҵŻôѹҲ֪Ҫ˯꣬Żѹɣɣһ𡭡һǧˣ
Ҷָм޸д
ǧˣ㻹ɣͬǴɣϾҪͻɾֵܣֶۡӵĪǣ
̫˷ܣȻſʼϴϴҶ£Ҷĵۣġ
ҶȻЦӮĽɽ磬;Уҽ뿪֮󾭹ͳΪֶӣ֣Щ꣬ôǺǣǲôɽ磡
Դҷֱ֮ұ㼰ʱ뿪ӮϢϧӮҲ͸¶ҾͼͲϵִ񣬴ɰ˽̤ɣȻɽ磬ǰãɽ磬ܵ޵۹ļǡɵ̣һλ۹ֵܣ
Ȼ˵һҶȿǲ࣬ڹȥûжἰ
ǣ˴˶ף˫վнʵǾðգģ


730 ֮
ಡ
Ҷȷһӣһɫۣ˲仯Ϊһۣ
ˣҶ֣ŪǱ˽ɥղʱǹħϢ̫ǿҾմһ£
Ҷһ任һۣҶȻָƽȴòڻʮͻأһУʵ
²˵֮һλħֻ֣һ־ͶӰֻһ񣬾ˣҡ
Ҷ˵꼸䣬ֹͣ񷣬£᳤̾һ;ȻֱӰҴɽ磬ɽ硭
ɽЩˣ
ǸֵܣɽѳΪֶӣȻǰþеľɱ֮Уɹõſأһ̤ɽţǺǣ
˵ҶȾһϡƽЦ֮ǰλħֻ֣һ񣬾ľеɽ磬
һ񣬰ɽ磿
ʱоͣԼ䣬ɽ磬㣬εȵľֲܽһӶҶȵʵ𺳣ǰǿ߹ֵɽ磬Ȼû䣬ûʧλ
һжȥ
ˣ˵ЩȥˣҼԼܻţͻˣ֣ʲô޵۹ûӵеĲŻӦվڸǫ̃ҶȺȻࡣ
ҺֵܵĻʵһֱ⣬ɢµĥȴ뷢չᣬѡɣ
˺һҶȵ˼ȻףҶҪõпռӹ硣
Ҫһʱָʱ䣬Ҿһֵ˽£Ǿȥʥ̻ᣬֱӻɽ磡
۾һֱʥ̻᣿ʥ̻᣿
ֵһ־Ӫ̻ᣬո𲽣涼ףˣ̻Լȥչʺϸӹ̨߰ɣҶţȻһͬϢŮӡ
λҶֵܣҵѣʱһص۹빫£
Ůǰͬ˰㹧˵
ŮһƳҶȣȻ󣬺ĴӦѣû⣡
ˣ̳շȥ
һƬƬɽ置ɽ̫ϡŮӷǰҶȶں棬ƺƽǰȴ
һֱ꣬˵һζڣһƬϢӿ
׼ʿʮӿգǧĳٶʱ߷

ҶȡŮ˷ӹ۹ʿŮӼӿٶȣţٷȥౣߣ粽룬ҶͣգȻڲϵɣ
ֵģһ۹ҡ
ƯգҶóƣһӡע֮Уһ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
۹һһλ׻ʵۣŮӿ޳һţܿһλӣƺ޵۹ĻӣˣֱץסŮ󣺡£һֱڵ㰲οã۹ڳҵĻ£
ôͳɻ飡˭֪ŮҪѻӴ֣Աλʵ
ǣʵ۾Ȼ޶ԣ
ͬˣߣ֣֮²ٽȥץø
ޣöҩҸ㸸ĳҪıλΪڣɱε۹£ҾҲƵóѣ
ŮӾǻӶ֣ӣҲһλ֣Ƿˣ
֣
֣ͬһֱվԱߣͻȻվŻӴһ
࣬㲻Ŀ˶ѣ˵׵㣬ֻӣ㶮𣿲Ҳб£ôˣһ˻ŻѹˣԭҾҪɱڣԶǱͲô£ɱ
һ֣һ߳
һɭɭѮߣһ˻£Ϊȷʵ˵ףɽ磬׼޵С
ң֮ʣͻȻԥΪǼ߳ף
ǴʮףȻԽɱǼҲ׵֮䣬ҲһߣԶԸͬʱüߣȫƣǶ֡
࣬߰ɣлգɶҳӳﲻ⣡
ε˵
˵Ҫƽع
޶ԣ֪ƣûкһ
㡭Ǳ
ᣬ˲Ϊˣҧס촽ٿȥ
ˡǼˣԭҾ͵ģУǲǴ֮˽ͨɱһƺͿԣĿڹϣŭ𣬶ࡣ
Ϊʸ֮ġ
֣ȿͽܷģҿóλ㺣໥ĽҾͳ֮ãΣ
࣬ͬҪ۹ɱ¹һʱҶȴӺ󷽸ֶһߣһЦ硣
ûκ˷ӣ
ͽţţһͬնͷҪͷߣͳͳ
ȻҶƣʱףܻزøַɳ
֣ģ㲻һˣ
ҶҲߡ
Ҷ֡ʱ֮䣬һů¡Į
һȺΪɱǳϷ
Ҷȳ൭ףȻΧʮߣɭɭһЦȱףֱɣ
ɲǼ䣬ͼҶͻȻһâ
͡
ͬգҶԪǿ̵־ʱͫͬˮɨʮλǿߡ
һˣֱѪԵڵأû
ħħϣϣ
۹֣˲䣬ʹ־ˣԷֻһ׾ˣ˶ƺħ
ֵܣ˵һСС֥Ļӣɵ۵ĶӣҲɱһȺѵ泯͢ﵱҾʹ޵۹ĻʵۣǽУһһףʧɣ
ݣݣ
ʱҶ֮ͬȺһȼյĺɫ׻𣬾ƾմ̳ΧŻڵٴ󳼣Хһ£׻ֻһʱǻӣǴ󳼣˲ͻΪ˻ҽ
Ǻڰ׾׵ͽףǺ޵ֿ֮
֣û뵽ȣֳ֮ں󣬹Ⱑ⣡
ɱ֮䣬ҶȻ̸ֶЦ
Ҷ֡
ȫû뵽ҶʵǿֵزӮ֮ʱҶʵͺغǿ󣬵ָǧ꣬ȴǿ޷߶ȡ
ãɱúãɱʹ죬ӢԸ⣬Ը㣬޵۹޵۹ʵۣȻǣŹ֣֮ǰ˵
⡭໹Щûع꣬ܲ˼
Ե໥⣬ֵ֣ܽվ͵ýˣӦˣӦˣʵ϶׼ȥ׼ϲ磿ҶһЦúϲ£졣
ع
ʵ۲ûΪҶȵĳƺץס֣һͬ£ʹȥҶȻȥ


731 ħ
ص޵۹ǽѵȻڻʵ֤£۹¡ϲ磬ҶȻҲǼ֤ˣϲһ룬ҶȾݱʹһʼҽԺ֮С
һǿ󷨽磬˲ͰѽԺ¡һֻҲɲ
򡭡ȼհɣ
ҶڽԺԺ֮Уһչӿ˳Ժ䣬ںһ塣

̫¯̼ȼ޵۹ʹǿʢҶʯʯ̫¯ȼյҶ˵
ֻҲ֮ǰôʵޱߣƮ죬ʧȥ˺ۣܶ󷨶࣬Ϊűħˣеﵽ״̬
ˣҲˣ
һꡢһǧ޷ָ״ֻ̬лصţָУָܻõӡƷ赤Ȳ˵
һŵӣʱӿֱӱҶ壬ó۹õżƷ赤ͳͳ븹С
ݡݣ
֮䣬Եĸ߼ϼƷ赤ڷı޷ڰꡢǧںϣǿҶʩչͨ˺Ԫ񡢽𵤵˺ȵȣǿ޸ģ뾭ȥУĥںϡ
ҶȾ񻨵Ⱥ棬ֱΣʼûоȥУںϣͲԼĲᣬѾʹ粽С
ҶȰеڣͨ׼ͻƣȫںϣͨУͨĻԽǴﵽɵ۾Ҫͻƾʹ粽Уܡ
컨аĸɵʿڴɡһζ׷ӶҵУԼɵۣԶҲһ׵֮䣬Զ޷ͻƣȥֱ
ܳΪۣΪߣĸǿﵽ۷ģɾɵ۾еǻᣬξ·ʴ
ҶȾһͨȡǶҵĲУнɾͣκη棬ȱһɣһζ׷ӶԵģңľ־УΪɵۣҲɵۣΪԽɽڣɽԽԽ컨аĸɵҲֻ³
뵤
ȥ˼꣬ҶȲŰѵ뼫Ʒ赤ѹƽںϣҶȿʼ
ں仯Ҷ˵ֻѣˣȻûжɫ
ܼһ㲻ˣ˴߶߶㣬ķһδ߽⡢ֵסħֲֿ
ҶͻȻоɭɭģŷħ֣޴ڣ̫£һ񣬾ͰҶȲɱɽɽ磬ʲôǶ۾ʮ֮һ
ˣƺڤڤ֮УӦħʩչĹֻ̬ʱԹŴ߶Сǧûмо񣬲л龻֣ǿ̵ʱֳ
龻֣
ǾĶǣһ̵ĳҶȻľŷһ⻪ʱɢ̫Ʈ죬̫Сˡ
Ϊҳħһ˿˿ݣҶ̴߶龻֣һɾ޴Ļ龻֣ʼҶת
ˡ
龻֮УҶȵħֳһ̣ŷͨҶȼ龻ޱߵͨʼ֣Ҷģħ˫ͫһ񣬾Ȼγһΰͬ޴ĺɫħɽ
ɫħɽ
ҶͻȻ龻֣üͷһᣬΪħɽ˵ʮϤ૳̾޶ħ޶ħľ֣ͨ
ھɱ֮У޶ħʱ޶ħʩչһͨʩչɽħ߾ѧ֣ʱǾˡ
ħ֣ȻҲ֣һ񣬾Ϳɽʩչ֣
֡һɽħڵľѧ̶ֳȣֱ˼飬ʮ޶ħҲʩչó̶ֳȵ֣ħ֣һɽħھɽľǿߣħɵۣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶޱΪ¯࣬ͨɵۣ֣ͨпɵ۸߽ףпħеĳۣ
һнпܣ
ɽħڡ˱ɽħڵľǿߡ̤߽׻ɵ۾Ȼ˽Ӵ˳̶ȣʵɽħڿҲûм
ŰɣɵۣۣҶһ죬һվǰֻؽ֮裡
ɵۣۣЩҶȶޱȵţͨȥΣգͨУģ۳粻⣬Ҷȴʱڴţվɽ۷壬λһս
Сǧû°ɣ
һ˼ҶȾģ̹ʵ
Сǧ΢ڴ磬ζ˵̫ҪָܻҪ̫ǿбڣ޷ң
صţָҪչꡭ
ؼأһҶΪڶСǧķǷСǧǾҶȣûСǧҶٶȷ棬ħֶ֣ҪǲСǧٶȻⲿֹҶȴʱš
޳ˮ޳Ρ
ΪҶЩ
һж֮Уʵնɱɱ׹ʥĸ׾٣ȡҲ⣡
ǣͻأˣ
ȻǴаʲôа˵ֱıϧϧ
͵õֻϧ֮ʧۣ֮Ҷʹѣһ룬뱦Ȼ
ɱ׹ʥĸħǿ˼ƺ磬廹Сɽ磬ͳΪܶಿ֣һһпܵõģһʧܣ˵ʲô
ɽħڸ֣ȴΪʲôռħҪռʲôа磬ɽˣң֮ϣûмܰ쵽Īħ֮УҲ˳͵ľ
Ȼ˼֮ҶͻȻãɽ֮ϣӹ񷣬ȷǿߣĸ֣ţ
ԼǱھڵܣ
Ҫҵǧͼӵб𣬾ǳ۶˵ңһʵҲҪϵľԺ̻£ͽȥ
⣬⣬һֱͲͿԸоõУľϵǿʢʱɾҲɹڣҶ̻ᣬһ
ʧȥˣۺ޴󣬺࣬õ༸֮ҲõһĽύֵܣԼһֲɡ


732 ּȸ
𵤡
ҶȴʱĿڵ֮УֻʣСĽ𵤣һҲټ̣ҶʹϧѣδùΡ𵤲ᣬҪȥ
ּһ֪һһ
ٹ綼ǴѣڻָҶ˵˺ֲĻָȴҪܶȥͣУ߶ָ
ʱˣ
ָһ㣬Ȼ֪͹ȥʮ꣬ҶҲδ뵽ֻڤһ󣬾͹ȥʮ꣬ûжı䣬ֻǺںϽŵӡ
ಣ
ԺʧҶһͷɳ˻ʹ
Ҷ֣˼ˣȥɽɣ
Ҷȴ֮󣬲ʱҶȾ޵۹գǲεı顣
ҶȸֶЦֵ»ǸöܣһҪΪֵܾҽֶɣͬһɣ໥֮Ҳ԰ֶ˵ϻȥɲǺܷ㣡
ֶܼʮֲȻûжѡ񣬶ǲܳڣǾ̫ͣ׼޷սʤ
ಡ
Ҷȵͷͷƿֱӷɽ硣

Ҷʦɵ÷ǳ磬˱һˣվš
ʩʮǫ飬ȭãûаޱ굽ӣ£ʦܾȥˣ
һȣǰãյһϢ
˺Ȼ֣ʾ£һ˫䣬Ʋɣ˫ͫϣûʵ£
ǰҶֵɽ磿˳ĬƬ̣Ȼʵ

սս޴ƿˣĵȴڰģˡû취ֶݣ̻ϣķ¿ɺãô챻Ÿ߲֪ˣ
ʵйţеӵļңʦܣӼҲɽңھɽ磬һһɣ潨ʥ̻£ֵǷ׷ءɽ磬ӼҼҴҵ󣬶濪̻ᣬô֣ڲţҪɳ㵹ǹأ
ѵֺŭĵŷ֪Ҷ½Ϊ
ĪǸ߲Ϊ֮ƣ½罨̻᣿úã֮ǰģһ֪ô죬żȻΪ忪ģǾͽƾͼơ
ľսһʱ¶һ˿泩Цݣʦ֣ںܶʦʦ㣬ڽɣֻ⽨̻ѣҲϣõŴ֣
õŷ֣Ϊ򵥣
ͻȻ¶ƣɭ˵˵½磬ͼɳǲҪѼܵǣȻ̻ᣬܴĺ䶯ȷܶɵ۶֪ˣȴֻܵõŷ֣ҪʱṩҲҪɳģΣ
ˣʦģ󣬾ǣɳʣ࣬ſɲҪʨӴ󿪿ڣЦ˻Ƶġ
ΪŻեȡӣȥɣ
˻ּ䣬ͰˣԼҲʧڿռ
Ҷֿˣ
ո뿪ֻȺ˶棬Ͱż񣬲ȴյһޱߵ־һͲˣһȺԭ׷ȥΪ½ż
ǡɽ磬򣡡
޴֮⣬Ҷȴֱ࣬Ӵƿնΰ׳ۣ
͵ƽͷգһʹ
ߣ㻹˼ҿܾˣ
ͻȻûҶȴ࣬óʩչӡһ䡢ݺֱӸǶ
Ҷһ̿˷ȴӰʩȸʦ㣡
ಡ
һҶ΢΢ﶯٻӰս˸һȹɭɭò˵ȸӡ
Ҷƺ֪ȸĿģʱװһ֪ģ߾ȵʦ㣬ôˣûʦɣĸҵʦ㣬ĸҵʦ㣬Ұͷ㵱ߣ

ȸԭ׶һҶģЦݣҹԻúݵİ۸ʦ㣬ɳҺ̻죬½Ǳһ治Ŵţ㾹õóɳ
ҶȾ֪½֮£ȸӿ϶֪Ȼţۣȴû뵽죬һ֣ȻͰߣעԼһһ
򵥵Ůˣ
ȸӱøȴһЦ͸ʲôǵӵķϣҾԭˣӱȴɳĶ࣬ˣɵۣԦ𣿡
ʱ޷Ԧʦ֪ʦһ½֮ǰѾǽйԻɵۣҲԸΪ̻꣡
ܻȡɳΪռˣֵͼɵۣҪģܵõɳȥĵҩͿӳҵ취ͻƿҲҪۣɵ۱ϾɵۣУ鷳ˣɵ۸߸ϣȻΣֱɽ磬ҪɳǻָʹǸ֣̻鷳
ֻҪɵ½磬ǣҲѾµɵ۶ȻǲΪ˴ɳŵΣ½Ǹ߸ϣͬʵۣѾﵽָ߶ȣûΪıҪҸֲƸɵ˵ҲǾţһëʱһĶͷ
Ȼ˾
ȸӷһǹսȻòҶȣͫ΢΢һתЦ㣬ҪӦ˵ʮҪôͬţʦ㣬಻ʦ㣿
仰ҶˣʮȺһֱ飬û뵽ȸţҲʦ㣬ʦҪʲôʦܱǣںͿʼˣԺʦʦܣ
ʥ̻㶼̫СӼһ֧֣Ҳ̫磬ʦܷģһ˰ж̻ᣬǣ
ȸÿ죬ȥҲ죬ͬһȥ
þ˵Ϊֱȸȥ˵
磬ɵΪɽҲˣҪúʶ
Ҷͷ֮򣬶̤ͨҶȣȰ˶ԻҶȡ
ҶҲΪ⣬ʥ̻ȷ⣬˾ۼһᣬʹȥ
ãҪúñչأ
Ǽ֮ҶȾͻع鵽δ纺뷽ʥȾˣǴ߶־֣Ҷ̷֮С


733 ͻƴĽ
ǿһɵĹϢȻ̺һ˿˿ԣ
սռ䣬ҶȾڼֹ̳գܵһԾڲĹԣҲ̳
һ㣬һɷ籩
Ϊڻһʻ磬־Ҳ˵ز
纺ϢͼԦһƬɫ⣬֮зӶɫ£һ˿⡣
ʲô㣬ħ֣Էһ񣬼նɱŪˣЩ˵С£㿴ʥȾˣھռʮ˰ɣͻɾˣ
Լӽ֮ҶȾͰһƵ͹ȥˣһתǹɹԷ籩ڷ籩֮УǷʥȶʮλˡ
ǲͨߣǸߴʮɣͻᶼͻɾУ߶Ϲż䣬ϵؼ
Ǿ壬ֻϧģսһ壬ֻвͣսնɱаħڰɱþѹ˱չУҪͺѣҪǾսͨս壡
纺Ȼ֮ͫУ߶ҶȵĹġ
취ɣҪչأָơ
һ纺֮Ҷһ̳֮Уֱͷ
֮ǰŵӣڿ»Ҫɲ٣ô𵤣һչأǲ׺ɣϾҪȫںϣҲһ򵥵£
߼ӣڵ㡢ĲȡԶһᲢ۵ġ
Ҷһôڱֱӹඥ壬ǾҪȫںϣҪʱȥﵽһ߶ȣҶļԦͨҲҪﵽͬ߶ȣӳЩ
ֲҪˮĲʢȥǲˮǽ˴ˮҲʿҲһóʱȥںϣڼĴڵģ޷ӳе
̫¯ȼգҶȴ߶СǧСǧ̷ɳƯһԾɣʼָ
֮ǿΪʢһ㣬Ǳһ̵ķ㣬һ㱣ף
ҶˣƽﲻϵħĶԿȥһ棬ҶȾͻΪ˳

ֹ֮ͣУʱȫҶȲϵش߶ڴ̫һںϣ𽥴Ҷֿʼһͬ߶
ڷڣۣĹҲ𽥻
ŲͣγɷںϷ֮УֿʼüʢҶȽоһȼա
꣬ꡭǧꡣ
ֱ꣡
²ϵسµǶԸͨӡƿ˽⣡
ڴﵽ۷壬ϧָֻһ룬Ҫʱָ𵤣ӣںϣ
ҶȻۣ˾һʯʱķʴ£ΰӲԶᱻطʴ
һſŵӾڣ̫¯յԣ׷׵ҶһڣҶڵǰǰ㣬͸ÿһ䣬һţҶ޷ݻٵļǿ
𵤣ʿһ࣡
еķӡʧ
־ȫڽ֮ϣ
Сһ⣬ֻп飬ӿ룬ҲʧΪһҲ̣ԽǿԽ̣һʿ˵Ҫģǹͨصط򣬵ı䷨硣
վɽ۷壬Ҫı䷨򣬾ͱӽ𵤿ʼ𵤣
֮ɽ硢ֻһʣͬһ壬ôɽ硢Щʣ͵һ𵤣Դ棬Ҳһ磬ô𵤣ʿڲС硣
𵤻ʣǴ޵Уʵ飬ޣ޴ڣľ磬𵤣Ϊޣںأĥ
ݡ
ҶȲϵʩչӡ𵤣ڲ󷨡ռΪעںϷӡ𵤲ſʼ׳ָ֮С
򡭡
ţڴﵽǰ״̬ȷʵϢǿΪɽ編ʧ̫࣬ǣҶ̴򿪾ռֱͨͬɽķ֮С
ʱ䣬ɽ֮УӿȻԪľˮ𽥲ԪأסȵȣȻԪɷĻǾƿƿȻɽΰ
Ž𵤲ɽڽ𽥲ɽطҶ޷ķ
ϵգע̫һ𵤣ҶȸоѲָ֮ǰ۷״̬һЩ˴ûȬ

ȥҶȺȻоԼΪһɽ޷ɽ編ںϽ𵤣ɽ編ںϷ򣬴ҶҲԷԦڶ̫޼˻֮ϣε˽⡣
⡢ҲȻɵķףǷҶ޼˻ӽ𵤵ɽ編֮УҶ𽥸ܵ׵ķ򣬿ϧҶȾ̫޷հ塣
Ծͻƣӿָ
áٸ֮ʱҶȷŷץס޷ץ飬Ҳɽƺµ˽⣬һͻƵϢʼȫԾͻƣ֮ȻȬ
뵽ʱͽ⿪ӡڰʼ

ƽٻӿֳȼգҶΪģȼţܿƽٻ¯ͳˣ͵زɼ̻¯ҶȰΧ
Ȼ߶һַУԴƽٻ¯ҵĽ𵤣仯Ȼ״̬ͻҲ£
飬Ľף
ҶͻȻվż˶ƽٻ¯ջ֮ȭͷ֨죬ȭͷػķɲ
¡
ƽٻ¯ټ̣ҲҶȸеʵΪȵģҶʵԽףһȭƽٻ¯Ͳˡ
ƽٻ¯飬ܻȼƬ׷ġ
ž
ɲǼ䣬ʼϯƵ̼俪ʼ飬ʹ࣬޷󣬾͸оֱ顣
ʹ죬ʹ죬ʹ˵ζҪ
ɹӴ׽Ľ׹̿ʼҶʹ࣬ܵͻƴĿУϵ飬ûûһõģ˵ͽ𵤣Ҫ٣֣顣
ҪٶڲϵĽͻϴ


734 µĳ
٣ںϵģ
ÿһÿһ磬ÿһѪÿһγܣУҲǲȱٵġ
ЩǿɵۣһѪͿԸǺεȵĲ˼飬ȫǿ󣬶
Ҷȴ濪ʼ򹦣ΪĿ꣬ﵽ񣬽֮ȻɵۣǳԽκħֹ£˲ͻữΪ촷ۣݿ࣬ȫ޷ֵ
ɵ۹£֤ǿ󣬶ʿ˵ôҪ
뷨УȴҪȷӼʿһطǱУǵÿҲϵУҲǷ档
Ȼһͻƣ飬Ļָٶ̫ˣɣҲһһȬﵽδй۷壡
ͻƽ֮жȹֱ徲ֹҶգʼɵ۵ˣѾȬ̤ĽףܶŨȴﵽһµĸ߶ȣȫԽ֮ǰ
ŵȫںϣһɼ᲻ɴݵףףýҶϣҲֻһǳǳѪ۶ѣ޷˼Ҷĳ
ҲͬеһĿգƯڵ̫һ֮У̫һڲ󷨣ӡ̺ɽ編򣬲ϵں̫һںϷ򣬽뷨հ塣
磬ޱߣϢģȴ̫Сɵ۵Ľ𵤣أ򣬶ɵһƬ󣬴ʱҵĽ𵤣ҲһƬС磡
һһһҶһᣬһһ磬޷磬棬֮ţ֮ţ
ѵõ򣬼ͻưɣ
ֹãҶȴ̫¯մ̫¯ҶȾ粻϶ȼٶԽԽˣµ̳ҪֵҶȲͻƣԳ
˺嫲׺ڣһ籩ϳ
ɾĴɾֻɳɾҪľ컨аĸɵǰ㣬˴ﵽɵ۾ȫҪԵңԼľ򣬲ͻơ
ѹأǰں㲻
£ҶȫűըļԼѪڿҰڣ
ɵۣ٣ȴҲǶҵһĥ£޷Ǳף
̫׺Ҷ۰ԵسХһʱӡͷţʵΪĲ࣬ƽϢ濪ʼܵغХǻԭ֮ƣ̼𺣡
ҶȼҪڻ
ݵͻƣûп羳ɽǰ㾪ĶǣȼյĻ棬ǻޱߵĥʹ࣬Ҷֻ־ССʹ

ƽٻ¯ƴݿƣʼγɣ
һƽٻ¯ͰҶȰΧͭԵĻ¯Ҷȿʼ߷
ʱҶȫо޵ǳȫΪ˿ռ䣬һʣ߶˲䣬ƶھ죬˲Ҷ˫չѸͷǧ֮ƻ¯֮ϡ

¡
֮¯ײһҶȼ˫¯ڵۺ񣬲Ҷʤһһ£ƽٻ¯ͱǿл˲ըƶɱס
ǹˣҲֵס˰Եƣ
ٿٿ
ƴĽףףû׽Ľǰ仯췭ظҶֻо꣬Ȼԡ磬³죬˵Ȼ͸оƯں֮ϣ沨
չޱߵȫ𵤿ʼȫ̫һָܿƽ
ͻףһ仯ŷǽ֮һĸıϸ΢ľģĸ壬øʵ
ָоȻԪƺ׳٣һ־ͿѰĽ׸֣һףܵӰ죡
֮У廹ڲϵо޵Ľ編໥زƣںϣγɿԴɼĴڣ׵ķҶֻҪһ̼Ϳʩչ޼˻ס
ᷨӡô߶ȻȻγ޼˻ףǷأ
ںϷǿߣһ̼ͻ򣬸˲䵮ҵķͨ
ܴ취Ĵܣɽ編򣬶ʿҪΪվǵ߸򣬴ҵķ֮
ͻƴף϶򣬴Ӵ˴߶޼˻ڰ׾ٶȶߺܶ࣬νռꡭȥʮ꣡
Ҷҡҡͷ꣬УŰŵȫںϣȬȻͻƴףһҶ𾪵³Уܴ˿˿
ûо䣬ôҶȾǶôȻǱ͵ںϵӣ򲻹Ǽѣ
ұô΢壬޼˻ں򣬴빥
̫¯ȼգչ꣬Ҷ˵ռ䲻ٱչȥҲûʵã˼ٶһץһɹƾͰ
УںϵһֽĶռ䣬գں㵮ˣ
Ҷץס˲ܿγ˶򣬸ȣֻһ󷨣
ͣ
޼˻׶ʱӿ˫ۣƬ֮У
ʱȥֱһ͸򣬶ڣȼһֲ޼˻ס
ϵκһǾͻᱻ޼˻ס¾ˣ
ʩչ޼˻ںϵøǱ㿪ʼѶԷں֮Уֶͳͳʧֻʣ̺޼˻׹
Ȼģ
޾ҶȲڰıĹֶΣֿʼ컯ȭײ龻֣Լʮ˽׿ܣžֶζҪ֮ı䣬ǿ仯
ȻҶٴֹֽͣȥʼڤ˼ۿԪ
̺ԪأֻҪĹۿ֮ϣ뷨򣬷ŷһԪɱ
Ҷȷȥ
βûնʵ߽˽ףʸȥɽ磬ҪҸʵĻᣬ̤ɽ磡
Ÿ߲֪̻֮£ΪӼģҡ̻˵ǺϢӼһΌ⣬վɽ۷ľͷӼұӣʮӰбҿԷУͻ
ҶѾ̻ᣬξħ֮£ҶһοԼķǾǳΪɽǿߣ
Ҷس֮С


735 칬󶯾
ͨӰٿȻӶ
ҶȬҲй̻֮£˵˵֣Ű꣬оΣ
࣡
һֶۣ˿ȣ˫֮ͫУ˸صɫҫ
Ҷֶ죬֮£ȥȻԼŬͨ㿼ˣɹֶ죬ŻδǱҶֻİڶˡ
ĲŻУʮ׾ǱҶȵϿϣѰ൱ֵܿ
½ӣŰִһ񣬺оգһ飬ɹֶڲɱӰ٣Բע⣬ͻˣȻðѱ˱ﰵ㡭֮ɣ
ʮָжĻش
λֵܣ漰ʱҸոձչس
ͨȻӭɨһص־֮Ȼ඼޷Ӧͻأ־չҲǴ
ϲֵܣȬΪҲɽٰɱҲֵ꣬ܲ໹ҵĲ࡭
һ⣬ܵޱ־ĽʶֳҶ־ɱ䣬κ鶼ģ̾һ죬һڵذ

˲Ϣ֮䣬ޱ־˲ͨٶȣˣ񱻱̵ĵ֮ڣһɽСֻҶ纺Ʒζ𣬶СǧһԻˣ
֣Ҳͻףﵽ۷壬վҪͻף
С棬£һʺҶȾؿϢȻأϢȴ֮
ǫʮݣͻƵǲѣϧһζͻƣͻʧȥǱһûֵܣɾȴӵ߽ʵϲɺذ
Ǳ˴˾Ͳÿףֻϰ𣿡Ҷһ֮󣬼Ŀϣʵ
ҵƯӣȻǴֶͬȻ濴ȥƽ˾ʵҲǲӿУ
໰򲻶࣬˵֮ƽˣǢ
ҶȺȻ˵ͷģֶˣ̤ɽ۷ʲôѩᱻ˲ڽ£칬Ϲͥ޽֮ءšǿ߶޷赲ǵĲ
ȻҴӲɣأˬЦ
仰٣ȴǸȵӣΪʿΪȻҪͨɽ۷壬˽죬ЦƷƵ
Ѫȣƣ޷δȴɣ
һʲôŵ̻ʱοǷ粨ϣٴ̻ҪǺʲô̲ǣѣ컨аĸɵۣʱʱѹķǿסһڰаǣӦþȸʦˣΣһһ⣬Ϊ˷չ̻ʱҪڽ״ɳֻڰɽĴ̻ͷ̫ͣҪѹһѹ
ô£
ѵõľۻӣǳɣ½̻֮£ҶȲüͷһ
ն·Ƕӻ鷳ɵǰߣ鷳Żұļ壬ɵȸʦ㱳ܻ鷳
̫ɳֵܣֵܾȻֱӳɣҪӵ̻ռȨҹ̻ɵϢɢȥȻʱȻʲô鷳ʧˣ
Ÿӱ˵ᵽɵۣԶʥ̻ûйൣġ
¿ͷѣǴҶոµأԺҪ취ɵ½򣬷ͼɵۣھɽʲô㲻ϡȻɵ򣬼󲿷鷳Ը㶨ɵۣǿɽǿĴڡ
˵Щˣ
Ҷ뷨ǳ⣬̻ᣬһǷչʥһѣȻҶʳһתֵܣ֮ǰҸմŸ߲һ£й칬Ϣ
칬
ĸ־һɱ֮Ѹ͵Ҷһ
ͫ¶һ˿꣬ŷ¶Ϊд૵ǵڼǰ칬ץͥǿֱڣǸ۵Ļ⣬ݳϢҲץһǧ޵죬Ҫھɽġϻ¡У˵Уʵǵɽ칬λնɱ
Ҷһ䡣
칬εȴڣ˭ҵǣţйӵ칬ִߣ³۱ˣ칬ۣ֧֣칬һЩֲͥǿߣս칬ľϧˡ
˵ҡͷϧһɵۣݺɽۣȴùȻɱ³ֵķۣеգͥ᲻ȻӪͥľߣ᲻칬Ĵڣ᲻ڶϻ³֣
칬ɽ粻֪ɶٵжԴڣšͥӦû֣١ͨǿߣǾͲ˵ˣؼз칬ͥԱ˵Ҫң칬ȻУ˵һıҪͥǿȻ壬ͥӪȵǿһ򾡣칬ҪȻԭ򣡡
ޱȾҶȱ鲢ûжͨʮλݣܱ¶ҶκιϵˣҪܵж˵ըһԺ޴籩
Ҳֵ˵칬ΪͥҪɽеĴ£Ҳ칬һζɽлᣬԾɽɵۡȥϻ£ĿУԼ֤ͥİǿ߻᲻ṫȻӪ칬ǲӢۣλֵܣҾҲҪȥɽ磬ͱλ
Ӣۣ˾ʱΪϧһλɵۣȻñе³
ȻҪȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһ󣬾ɽϻ£һҪȥģΪģֻΪĿӢ
κη칬ӢҶȵͬˣһͥľǿߣҶȾ㲻ҲҪͱ
ѹֺþãգܿȥ
ꡭ˽һ꣬ҲŻָƣסܽ𣿡ģҶȲ˱ȥʩԮ֣ԻṫȻ֣Ӫ
ϧǣɵ۶ҵ칬
Ѿ֪ˣ
Ȼͨ׾ͽ磬Ҷ纺ڳĬҶȣȫƵģĿģҲΪ˸֪Ҷȹ칬Ķ
ֻǿһۣҶȶڴ£Ѿ֪򲻻ֱ顣


736 ϽĿ
ÿ
纺ߣС¡
ҶҲС£ʱ˫üأղѰ칬󶯾˵ˣ칬ȷȻһ߳
׾ͺãϣ㲻Ҫȥɽ磬Ϊ߽ǿ߶޷ȼ磬ֺοɵۣɵ۾磬Խɽ糤ӣ֮޷ɵȣ
ƺʮ˽Ҷӣ־䶼Ƕ뵣ǣ칬ÿеĽء
дȶϾͥǿߣͥ칬ԣǾҵѣҲҪȥĿһ̣˾ʣ¾ʹ˹ȥ
ҶȰڰ֣˲ʧָƽʱȻݣʵѩ⼸꣬ͼҾ
һҶ˾׵ĺܣ˵ʲô޷ҶȻת⣬㲻ἰ칬Ȼ΢΢һЦӦûУţѩһаɣ£纺ӽѩؼ㣬ϣҲѩƺɹѩĲ
ͼҵʱҲͼңȻѩͼʱǵˣͲʱʱҴɽ磬ɽУҶȺȻ˵Լľ
׵ʵɽףҲգҪģǰѩżȻ˵Ȼɽ磬ҳΪͳС檣Ůĳһ̤ɽ磬ͳȻǶ̱ӣ

ҶȾ㵵纺һۣû뵽ݣʧˣΪõѵʵʵһתۣȻɽ磬ͳŮˡ
ͳǲŹҵġ
ʱͫУƺ޴Σڿ
رСˡİɣҳ֣ҵĵˣҪ𵽵ǺεһͳŰ裬ĿˣʣãͲٿκɫ
Ҷ֪ѹ֣Ϊͳ꣬մȾֻɽ磬޷ζȷʵܣһŮӣƵ̶ֳȣվ
ˣǾɣȷãұСǧ
֮ǰҶȻǶ纺潻һŴСǧһ뿪˵

ֵܣҪȥɽ磿̫˼ˣһɹؾǴ۶ڰйע㣬Դףɽ磬ӵ߽ʵ
ǰȴҶȵܵҶٷһʱȵҶ󣬶ʱһŵ˵֮УϫӳΪ״ӣ㽫һ
ҵĿ꣬ǳΪ״ӣǳΪص󣬵Ȼ״кôҲлΪ״ӣ¶Ҫõ۹ע˵ܲ㣬֣ڴ˵ң
˼˼䣬ҶȾͷˡ
һӰķս٣һڸϣλݶ˲£ڸ߲㡣
֣û뵽һ־Ӫһӣ˸״ϫһڴɾ߽ʵĲţ֣֮󣬾ͻõֱ߲ӹඥ߽װ
һߡǿֳȫΪ̺ǿߣп߽׵ʵ
Ȼ֮еף
Ľ֮Уȴһֱ򾲣ʼʩչӡǫ˵а̡ħԼѣʱűҲð𶥼ӣʱžоɱˣ׿ʦҪڷ˲ţ˲ţΪףζɹλӣҪλȫ࣡
ʦѵļǣ£ڸ͡
Ҷȣλڸʦ֣
Ź˽ӡڽһͨٻ֮ʼӿ֣ƺҶȽռ䣬̤ƶ
Ҷɢѿ߲֮㣬ǿҸܵ¶Цݡ
ΪҶƾиϣڹӣЦݣҶȣϷۼ֤Ŀپ˳ɳɾɾŶ̶ǧʱ䣬㳬Խеţվ֡ĸɽ磬Ϊļ֤ߣϷǰοŵδ֮ǣ
ҶȲ꣬ʩҶһӱУṼϴ۴ɹһƬģҶţ֪ʲôҪ󣿡
Ȼľڸ߲׷޵
ҶֳĴݣµĳһҲǧðͷţǡԽǵߣƥĵš
ţҶȵţ̺Ǳÿ˶֤ŵĵ
ţأأɽ磬ѣ޷ı䣬ǲڸͨѡ񣬻ΪɽһЩͻ¼
ΪڸһԱ˲ûж԰ƣһһÿһڸȻû˷ԣżҶʵΣһִУֱ㣿
ȥѡλڸʦֱ´񣡡
Ҷֻԥһӣشˡ
ڸǿߣʱͷڵĿռŴ¼Ƕ߻ܣǾӢӡ鷨߶ûʸ֪
һһɣ϶ʱʱ̶̿¼ȴ£Ҫһȥ߲Ƿǳȷģǹѡ
ڸ߲ۣʱŷӡȥŽ
һһÿǿףȻתҶȣɭϣҶȣڸʹţ¹غĻܣһҪܣ
ףɲǼ䣬Ҷȸоŵȷд¼ţڸҲ쳣࣬һ˵¼ŵҪԡ
ãҶȾҪֳԽڵȥԼ
ãνֻڸ߲ʸ֪ǳ֮⣬Ψһ֪ˣ
˷ɿڣʮ֮䣬ϵ¼λãȴһλǿߣһͬȥ񣡡
񣿡Ҷɻ󣬻̲ס˳
˵ˣȻͻ֪񼫶ȱܣΪθΪھ֮ŵĽ֣ܳаšħſ⣬ռϷ磬ǧбȼ߽׵ʵɽ罨̻ᣬһж˵ʲУؼһ㣬ΪǴɾããɽ磬û˻ΪһɾȴӵгԽɽ۷巨ʵ
ҶһüĿ̳ڸʩ񣺡Ҳ޷£Ҷһɣ
ǸˣûܿǱʵпܳԽЩˣҶȣʮּգ޷Ԥϣ֮һжҪģΪֱӴӸ´ģȥɣǾڴ˵Ϣ
ڸϣƺһ˲䶼ŵΪҲûȨ֪ҲǰϷ彻һȥִжѡ


737 صͬ
⣡
ɽֱ´񡭡
Ҷ뿪ӭҶȴ޷ڣͨȥˡ
ͨУҶüͷţڸ߲㣬ȻûʸȨ֪񡭡⣡
Ӧͨ˷ˣҶȻһץľͷɳ˽һƲǿ󣬵ֻʮ£ֻܽ⿪ӡһΣ⿪ڶΣͻʧ
Ƿ͵͵⿪ӡȡܣִֻߣܽ⿪ܷ϶̺˵κν⿪ԷܶӦ
ˡ
ɲǼ䣬ӡ⿪֮ҶȾ͸ܵһƮ־Ȼ̺޷ȥڣΪĽ磬ȫںϣҲǴˣ޵ƿأǾǿߡ
򣿡
İĸģȻӿҶԺͳ飬Ϊ֮С
򡭡Ϊδδ֣ˣСǧһ֪˼ãҶȻԵĸİޱȣֻСǧ
Сǧ޵𣺡ɽһɽ磬̫ңԶȫͬ磬磬壬֮쳣ײСǿ壬Զʱڣɽ磬ɽǿߣңԶɽ˵򣬸磬Ǽ߶СǧҲҪ겻ͣЪشԽգܴﵽ򣡡
磿ɽ磬ȻңԶ򣬵һңԶռ䣡
Ҷ̵ӿٶȳȥȻڷңԶ¾֪ĴڣΪŻǸɽ´ģɽйأѶȣѾﵽɽ۷ȼɽ񡭡
ৡ
ɼӿٶȣֻʮʱ䣬һ޷ϵʧˣΣ񣬶Ҷ˵ս

ȷ޵ĺܣҪҪȥ
ոջص纺ӭ
ãȻΣգǶ˵ǳɳûϴħǿߣܶ飬ҸоҪܳһʱܻǾڴ˵һعɣ

һҶ̾ͷɳݲ纺һ𣬱Ϣ
磬ڿʼʱ⣬ǶҪմԽжȹֹ̣ʮֳƣˣ
ոշɳСǧ㿪ʼӴǧͼռҶȴ߶ǿʢ̼䣬֮УɲǾ;ǳңԶҶΪﵽף߶СǧٶȻҲ
ȻҶȸо¶沨ͷ⣬֮ܿɽ磬嫵ĺɽĵ۹ɵȵȣͳͳнԶɽС
յϢҲ𽥺䣬ҸΪµĿռ籩ϯСǧڣҶȸ޷ʱ䴩Խգ߽ףҲɵۡ
ռ籩ʼ˺ݺᣬҶȴ߶СǧеظܵСǧռ籩ĦСǧǿռƶɣ̺ռԪΪ΢״ɽա
µģڣҶ֮мһѡѷָɽ㣬ƺǿռɽֳһ½ɽ½˿˿˱γʮֶص硣
磬Ѿ뿪ɽ룬ɽЩ㣬˶֮γɵ磬磬һӽɽ磬ִڣ
꣬ҶȽָ磬СǧʼΪҶȽɻ֮һ˽⣬ҶȲףֻܾ̾ɽصĹ񹤡
ЩԴӵпռ籩ϵƫԶ˵أָɽ֮УǴڴϢϢЩصʱգҲڴˣ
ȻɽޱȾ޴ģڵɽ磬ֻɽһ޴½֮жѣ½֮⻹иӹ½أɽ֮ȫԽ󣬹ֲ˶޷ҵɽľͷ
Խ㽻ݺɽգ͸ӻףСǧ˵ҪǿԴ󣬶ԴȻҶȣ
һǧŵӡ
оٶҲĵ̫죬ΪӦͻҶȿʼóӣϵɣںϣ߶Сǧ
ٶڻָ
磬㿴Ϊ̫ɽ֮ǺӣԲ˻УЩУɵۣȥҲᱻɱùʣֻ࣬ǴٶҪ࣡
һ괩󣬾ָɵɽ磬ʱҶȶ޷Ӧһ˿ϤϢ޷ӦǴ½ı̫λ棬Ҳ޷ӦΪʵڷɵ̫ңԶ
ʱʱͻһڰУ֮б̫£ҶȿһʯУʱͳΪ촷ۡ
ڼ䣬Ҷ˽ӣ
ЩطȻɽͼҲڣһ㶼ϸҪ񣬾ҵҲʮѣ
Ϊ˽ŷλҶóɽͼѰ죬ҵͬĵطûκϸ꣬ʱʱŻһطӦĵ
򣬸磬ǰƬָɽ½ؾǣԽ
СǧҶȱ⿴ȥһ޴㼸ȫΧɽ½أ

һСմʮ֮˲㣬ңԶɽ硣

꣬Խɽʱգ̤ԶŵĽأ
Ȼȫ
֮гֳҶӰһҶȾվһۣ֮켸ɫŲϢγѹֳ磬磬ҶȾû뵽ɽ绹ֻ硣
ɽ磬ˡħ顢޹硣
Һ̫һں̫ʮκ򣬴粽Уɽȷʮֹϣ̺ϵһﾭӪ꣡
һȲѣ̺ԪϢ⣬һ˸޷Ӧ˵ںˡ
Ұʱ򣬵ҵλŵͬţǸ⣬Ƭǿ屾ǿᣬݾ߾鷳ˣ
ܿںϵ֮Ҷȴһü޵⣬Ǿããλصͬţȡϵ
򼸺Ҫǧһɽ磬Ҫҵһˣ̸ףοĵ̡
ǰ򣬿һλţ֮ң
ȻһĹǵŮݺͬˮӿ
ȻҵҵϢΪ
Ů˲䣬ҶһԷΪֱԼ޷ɽ磬׼ȷطԼλϢΪ̫˼飬˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾòӿ죬ٴС


738 
ͬš
ƺݺգŮӶҶһһһһκӦ
Ҷ޷Ԥ֪Σգ
ȻͬţǾʦأҵĵҲģ֪ɱ¾ҲǴǣҿɲܶһȫ˽ˣ޷ɣ
Ҷ˵ָ֣ɱ̫ײֶŮΪţЩŮˣĺ˸Ī
ؼһ㣬߲㶼νҶȺޱ֤ʲôͬţˣҲǰԼȥյġ
μžڲͬΪأͷ侲ϸ壬룬ҵ˼ˣ
ŮӴһ˿ɭղش·𲨶˾׵ĺ棬һȦȦ
ҶԳ䣬־ǰ뱣־裺ʦ㲻øҹԻ꣬ʦִģֻҪʦܣǾͰӷˣʦ˰ɣʦҲиף
ৣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ںѹѹգŵѹ£һӰͬһɫ̳ҡҷƿնȻһֻһĸһ£沿ɫɴŮӣͻأ߳ա
û뵽˼ҲͬѰ
棿һ£ȫֶӴ磬ؼ֮ҶȾ޷֪ŮݣһֱڰҶԷΪ˾ˣ뿴ݣҶҲû
ûϢϢҲûСʣֻһͣɣһԸ߲ɽɵǿߣ
ɵۣɵۣ
ҶȵĺȻͣһƳȻŮӼݣȴǳڣϢʮֵ嵭ϲڵŮˣŮˣκ鶼أҶ̿ͿŮʩʦҶȣʦ㣡
ֶŮӵ磬һӣɽ磬ȻңΪǹȻ쳣̣ԼĵҲǷǳǿģָܾҵˣˣ
Ůһ˫Ȼɾ˫ͫûһ˿ǣҶϾһ¹⡣
ʦγǣ
ҶȻоŮǰһȣҲ൱Ȼ
ų÷չҪֵӣ㶯֮ǰҾյ½󷢳ٷżǧ꣬ʹɴﵽɣӵ߽ʵɽ綼֮ӣϣУɽǿߣǹ⿿ͻƣµĳ
ŮӺȻҶȣһɻǲǣ
ҶƽŮӣˮ֮ǰ߲ͶǧʦģҶʲôʣֻʦĿģ
ԶʧȻȻһ㣬ҾͲöѴ࣬Ҷʦܣڸ߲ǿ˵ֻܴﵽɽ編ƽز˵ǿʵɽʩչ̫ߣ½磬ͻܵѹȣǱȴԳԽңҪԸ߲㣬кܴķչȣǲֶϢڵߣ
ͻȻŮϣ˵꣬ʩչһصͨȻϢܿͲˣһԵγɵķ塣
˵һ˿ų⣡
øֶΣǡ˵ںϵķСһ
͡
ŮͨںϣҶҲʩչӡƸ֣ŮҲ¶һ㵣ȻЩӡԻģҶҪκ˲Ϳ
һϢͷصͨܿ죬Ƽ£ҶϢˣͷŵȥֱһζɵ֡
ڴɾ̶ֳȣҪʵҪԷ򣡡
ŮӴԿóҶȴԽԽľϲ
αװ֮󣬾ۣ֮Ůӵǰ·ʱرõı˵֮ǰŲ鿴һЩΣ֣ҲԽ࣬ӵס߽ס˽ʵˣڳ֮ǰҵôŸ㣬ҪѰһӸɽδ֪ʣп
ʱ䣬ҶԴе˵졣
ʲôΪʹõķ칭ͳӡǧͼǾ䡣
ҶȼʶԵںһʣһͷţնɱ߽ףҪһԸɵ۶ԣ֮
ɽɽ֮£Ĵڣھɽ޽֮أȻӸɽһ½硣
ֲãأ
Ҳ˵ʲô֮Ǵ޽֮ıǷɽһʣ꣬ڼƿֱǰ򣬿ϧ޷ĴڣѰң໹мһɣҲѰң߶ȱܣΣǰ㣬׼ȻҾͲȥõɵ۸һвһ񣬱˵ɽ磬ǰɽҲ£
Ů쳣ࡢҶ˵һһ䣬ҶȣҪԾͲҪ˵Ϊŵõһ⹦Ȼõ
ɣҶŮһ̶񣬶Ҷ˵һԾš컻صĴᡣ
ȻץסǻᣬץסǻһΡ
ϴβξȻѵĺܶԣ񣬳Ϊ״һˣҶȱκ˶ףǰжôѵãҪ
ڵϲмϢӿֳ˵䣬ߣ
Ůº󣬱Ҷһ˾ȻٶȳȥԽŨҡ
磬ɭɭ֮⣬ҶȾͼ˶ص粼֣֮Уһ޴ĵؿӣؿӾռ䣬ȻҲڵرռƺϲϲںڶ硣
˵ر£ʱʱƯգһЩɽ֮ϣҲһͬһǹǾ޴ʯ¥
ھɽ磬ҲǳǿаħΪаΪУ壬㲻ǣΪ˵ʳ
أٶȷòǱзУ;УŮӲҶȡ
ɽ硢ɽ磬Ǿɽ硭ܵõѰλʦһͨӣ
෴Ҷȵ壬Ϥˣο壬ŮʮָȤŮӸ֡


739 ߳
򱾾ŮţҶҪҳλŮݣǴ룬ҶֶΣֻҪʱ䣬֪ݣǿߣǳΪͬˣֶ췢չ̫ˣ
£Է;
֮ҶȻǾ񣬼׸޷Ԥϣħǿߣ龻ֶδʾף
治СΪɽ磬⵽аħɱ־ǿٶ֮죬ͳΪվȻʳ۷壡
֮Ϊ̣ٶȺŮҶȶҴ֣Ϣ𽥽һƬߵ硣
ŮһֱҶȽ
ȻҶȻֳĬԣǿǰֲ֪֪ףԶʧһֱţλʦ㣬˵ĶҶкܴ
ԣ
컺УȻƬľһɲŵϢڴ֮ͷųҶȶ˽⣬κ仯ܸӦ
ͣƯںһ˿綯ûеա
ȷЩ졭ֻܸойرϢƺѾɢʦܣĪܿ岻ͬŮӺʵ
ô㷢ҵܣ
ҶȴĵףǶŮţüƬûиӦһ˿Ϣ̫ˣƬ֮УŷĽأ͸һаϢʦ㣬ǻǳȥ˵زܾҸоͣ£ͻ·
𣿡ŮٲȻЩЩš
ƺԼΪҶȲǴߣΪʶʮǧ޷ĶҶܿʵЩѰ
ʦ㡭
ҶͣǣһͻȻ޷ʼ

OO@@ֲͬͬͬڿУڴؿʼ춯
õģпֵȻ޷⣬ҪѲܣնɱ˱ǣ
Ůͫ˸ƣɱ⣬оھ۱䣬ţΣݴݣʵļ֤
ǿ߾ǿߣȫı䣬һɷǶǶϢϢǵһ˵ûɶΣգϢڴ֮±һѪս
Է飬ҶҲن£֪ʲôڸı䡣
˭Ҵ֮أ´ּ˵ǽأÿµȥᴫȾֻ
ͻȻһϡʹڴ֮
ͻͻͻ
ţؿʼһɿµĽ磬ʼ綼ΪգһɿµаϢʼŴزϵӿ֣ͼһߣĵرʼӿ
ⳡģҶ
ĵرŷΪ߳໥ơƵľޣɫŤ̶е໥ɣе໥˺ҧеֻһɳеȴףһͬϣȻһɸõ
ƤǸõģеĸ˰أе¶࣬е¶ݣеûԴȴֱܴ໥ԼɣſԽҪѡูͬУҪ
ƺЩߣȥѡɱǳΪͬʳսᱻõʹࡣ
ôˣ
а̵ֶΣҶȻδ˲󱳷ĳ
ЩߣȻţȴĥʹ಻ѣҪֻѡɱΪͬʳ
⵽ʲôԭ򣿺
ȻˣҪĳͷϧҪͬ࣬ɣսǰɣ
ڼԨͷ߳ƺһߣŷ־߶ָʰ쵵ߣ׷׵ѣƵĿʼؼа
ã䣬߶ֹͣ
Ůӱˣ˵ǵùҾȻ˵е䣬ɶ񣡡
ʲôоǸƳ棿
ŮѣͿʼжоʲô䵹뵱½緢ĸƳ񣬶ڤʬҲʮ
ƳһһֹϵаϹʱһʿר䣬ܿܣЩߣǱȾȻýӡ֮С
Ůʧɫ͵
ϹţϹѹȥû뵽ֲ˼Ҷ̾
һҪСģӲܱ˵ͻṥ壬ƣŮ׼ˡ
ٿٿٿ
֮ǰĸߣͬһ˷ΧˣΪ޳ֱ߳һ㶾ߣӣ繥ֱſ˺ҧ
ɹ⣡
Ůһ֣ˣ壬һ̤룬ʩչҶϤɹһƺһɹ֮ͬɳ
ͣ͡
ߣĥ£ûеɹ⣬޷ֿ˲仯ΪѪ
𣡡
Ҷûʩչɹ⣬ΪŮʩչɹȼ̫ߣںı˱ʣɹŶãһʹϢͻᴫᱻ巢֡
һץ޼սֶһն׹⽣ݺգʮɥ
뷣
Ҷ˵޴ڣȻûǰȴڴ߶̫¯ȼգֹԼӳ޼ս֮ϣ裬׹⣬ͬ׵硣

ŮӼնɱߣ˿ûǰ߳ϵ׳󣬸ѹ
ȥɲãʦ㿴ЩߣͺǰΪ࣬һɱȥǰľɱ¶ɱЩߣ
ɱ¾Ҷȴ뷨˵˳
ɱ꣬屾Уɱǣڳȫǣǳ룬ѰұҪ
Ůƺ뵽⣬ֻûѣҶȵ뷨ıϣ˵ͻеѣߣɱ߳Χ֮У
˵֮ʩչӿֲɹ⣬ָһɹɱһƬߣ߶ݺݵϯʱҶŮ˿ʼ
գ
غ֮ŮƺӦʲôһصķӡһɿµϢͬˮɹ֮£ֱӴ֮бը֮߳бը
¡
ըͬһף߳ըаѪʼ裬֮߳УһӣŮץסҶȼವһ£ͷɳ߳ΧĿ磬ԾΣ˲һİɫ֮ǰ
绹㲻˽ʩչģƣ
ûҶȹ۲磬ŮߵָͻȻŽһ㣬˴ҶȾû֮Уʧˡ

󷽿ֲ߳󳯽ϯ


740 а
û뵽˰Ե磬׾ƻ
ݲҶ˿뷨ŮӾʹ˲ûĦײ̫ϡƽ
̼ߴأأٴһԾ뿪ֲĽء
ɵ۲٣Ǿȸֵͽɵۣȫ²͸ɹĺܴͬһִ״ӣ״ӣصĵӣ
ּҶص˿Σ֮أһˣȥûл·˼ȫŮϡ
ŮʵǾˣɽ編磬϶ɽ磬ɵۣɽ硣
⣬Ϲ䣬ҺЩȾӡأǹɢɽ磬϶ɽһص֣֮ղֲʵȻﵽסףɽ磬޵֣ʵδһɵҪɱ㣬Ҳа취ߣ
Ůջ⣬˷֮ʾҶϢһ󣬾ղһգҶȲûյ֮Ӱ죬ݺΣ֮УŮԽԽеҶԶԶô򵥡
ţ侲²ʵǿŮӵеĶ
Ҷȵûбʾʲôǰ߶̫¯ʼͬʱת𵤣յؾ
ҲףΪǵ
ȻõŮһȴҶڸղ䳡Ϊļ£аϹŴȾǲ˼飬ôǿߣȴޱȵ³бǾ˼
ҶԵʶ
˾ԶʼҾޣҶȰдŮӣҲɣƺɽںһֻҪһܣͻմ޷ġ
ɵѿʼںϷڶҵ֮УɵۿԽҪմƷĴڡ
ɣʱ䲻ˡ
ʮȥ
ŮֻǱһ۾ʮţվҶҲͬʱͷȻǰղչͨоǰмһдϢӦǳˣ
Ȼһܵõģ飬οֱҪͬĴڣܵõʵԵͬڣҶȵ˵
ߣ
ٴϢ͸ɭɭ̷Խһɽͣسȥ
ôһϢ
ŷԾ죬˾ͳһƬйű¥С֮ϿգһμȴͣŮͫһһ˿˿㵣Ϊڲôһɹʮԡ
磬͵壬ߣ
ֻ΢΢ĬЩŮӾԶСҶҲûʾκ뷨һ͸ȥҲ뿴磬ΪĴڡ
˲С֮Уű¥εĽͳͳûϢ봦һϢϢͷų
ǡ
СڴҶȾһ˫ͫ麹ֱð
ΪҶǰȻǧߣеĻΣ׵֮䣬ƺһ֣ͳͳƷȻȡ࣬ʬѪȵɢڵǣǰٸ࣬һūȻڵϣʹسһſ࣬衣
Щūͱգ˲ˣڻеԵĶ࣡
Ҷȿˣôһ£
֪Щ߶ǳȻƿأǿɱЩūӦðǷ磬ѾûԣΪȥɱǣ
ǽǵʹ࣬Ů˼ˡ
ðɣ֣Ҷʮͬûԣʧȥǣڿܣȫû壬ȥõ

Ҷȸո߳һҪʩչͨɱūʱ֮УȻһƮЦ

Ҷһصԭλ𾪣û뵽ƬС򣬾Ȼǿδ֡
̣ʩչаɱ࣬ɣŪװɣ壬ɱ˷Ż𣿡
Ҷٴ֮ʱŮӾȻһǻƣķգм˵仰
ϧˡҵͬ࣬ȴɱ壬Ǵ֮˰
һ̾գʵԽԽҶŮӷ£һӰԽԽֳһİСӰ
Ȼ࣬ҶȼɫСӰ仰ӰˣϢҲû˿
Сġ˿϶һƫƫʱ򣬳ڵ򣬿϶Ϊľ֣ŮӴѵ

ӰȻƺƬռ䶼ĵֳʱ¶һԲСģһƴнƵĳۣϹһ飬ͷȻһˡ
ֵ׺͡ݣ֮󣬳ҶŮʩƶɮ񣡡
ţʧķţ࣬ɮɱͬ࣬ڳࡢʳãŮȷѡ
ɮֻ֣أһһˣһڳѣ꣬Ϊɱ¾ƶɮʹǳƶɮɱǽѣɣɱھˣϱǴǣ£ֻͽʹ࣬ƶɮɣȥ磡
ɱǾˣ
Ůһ䳰һߣ־֮ԣҪɱ飬ֻأֻأͻȥǷνļ磡
û뵽Ůʩ֪ˣƶɮ뷨ȷɱˣȻ˶ŷƶɮƶɮȥ磬ǾͲɱɮ˾ȻжŷŮһ˵һ㡣
磿˭֪治ڣǴڣַʽļ磬Ǽֱɮаħ嶼磬࣬ٹȥŮٴηѡ
Ŷ
Ȼֵ֮ʱķȻһ侲ֵͫͻȻͷһ⣬䣬ҶŮӣŨŨɱ⣺ԭλ壬ͬˣ
˵仰ɱ˲¶һն˵ĴȱЦݣû뵽磬֪ͬҷȱƶɮЩͬһһѰɣ
ɮͬΪıڽǽ𣿸ǣŮӺȻͷһֱӴҶȷˡ
øͨȻһŵĸ֣ͳͳһֵͻȻתūϿգ˫һȻūڳһаѪӰƺһа񹦷
֮ң
ҺߵĿ죬аɮµòɽ޽֮صĳۣаӣ
лһ磬ŮӴҶ߳Ůüµ˵
Ծɽ޽֮صĸ֣Ҷ𺳵ĿŮӡ
ԣаӣ
ŮӾȻýġ


741 
аӡ
ţ
ҶȻȻʥģʥŲкܴԨԴаǵõŴУôɱ˴ˣȡһЩϹŴУʥĵõ֮󣬲ŻҵϹʧķš
ϧԷаӣǿھɽ޽֮ݺľ֣Ǹ߽ɵۣǳ۰ĴڣԷһָͷͻħһԺɨҶһΡ
ھɽ磬аӾһɽľ֣Ŵۣһͬȸ߶ȵɽ磬а󲿷˵ǷͳȱնھˣȴԣʵһаɮΪֱаħһ
˼շУŮӲϽ͵ʵǳֲѾﵽΪһ˵еƽҲǵһμˣǳʱˣҲ޷ݣ
ɱ˵ھˣ
һףҶȲţνļ磬ֱǻԣ౾ϲֻأм֣ûǼһɱ˵ĻԶѣҶһЦߣаӹȻаӣһɮ뷨̫ƫ˵ֶΣȻûмɱˣһۣԿǸɭСˣʦ㣬аǳۣΪ½磿Ϊ
ȻΪ
ΪʵڸӦòǱ𣬶һ־ǷҲģھɽһݺأǳҲݷ򣬻ɽ磬֣ȻǶ֣ҪԽɽʵҲܣɽ編ģϽۣǾһͳ½磿
ŮȻаӼɵʮ֣ǣУȴţɵۣƺаа档
ʦղѡ뿪һǲ뱩¶ݣͣطУҶȾ꣬ĬһȻʵ
ܴȷʵ½磬ֶע⵽ˣֻϧ޷ҵ㣬ֻкһҵ򣬻һ㣬ʵϸ˵һаħ֮ǲģΪ˲аħҲҵаħֶΣ½ݣȡ֪£ǻҲаħĶھɽ磬Ǵĵطһɱ¾аħҲǲضãҪɽ磬ֶΣ𣿡
ҲҶ⣬ʵ̫ͻȻ̫أŮ˼ã˾ϸظҶ˵
ÿһ仰жҶȵĿأжֶģһϣҶȵǲŮӣӿʼֶ죬ҶֻǰԼһΪǿߵƽ̨ѡ
Ůͬųϣ̾ϢɽʮָӣˣааˣħħˣϹͥ칬ͥȵȣ֮УȻϹͥ칬֮УһҲĲϣҪֶΣţ
⵹ǰ˵Ĳ࡭
Ҷ󣬷˵һУŵطıϣȻûʵŲǼҪڶϻ£칬ҪͥУ
Ϣúܿ찡
Ů⣬Щ⣬Ͼھɽ緢Ĵ£һӣϧҪ칬Уͥɽ˽ѣ£칬ҲϹͥǿߣֶ컹Ҫǿ󣬸ɵۣ
ͥҲϹͥԭҶֻȷһЩ칬飬û뵽ȴϹͥϢ
ȻǷϹͥΪνͥ˵Ҳ֣һ˶⣬ǿߣδ칬򣬵ǷϹͥͲ˵ˣԭУֻг۲ʸ֪ҲҪȥģɽ缸󲿷ǿߣϹȥ
һӢ۱ʱͥ칬նɱ칬ִߣһܣϣ֮£ʧܰɣϣܿͥһУ̫ϧͥҪܣ칬̫ǿ󣬷ͲΪɽľްԣ˼ɵ
Ŷ쵽ˣӦþǰƬ֮У֮ǰϢƬ֣֮žƬ֮У
˵֮䣬ֹȥ꣬Ȼ֮䣬ŮҶ֮ʱȻĿǰ
һƬϡƵĴ֮еĹɳأ
߽Ϣö࣬ǿ߲١Ҷ֮ȥǿӦʱܵԽ׵֮ǿϢ߽׶в١
ŮаӣҲ̫֪壬ɲˣ
ŶҶס˺ŮӼʶ̫㣬նͬΣܵõָָ㣬ɽ˽⽫
֮ǰأ𣿡
ŮӷٶȣɳԽԽһǿߣǴеĴڣҲһһߣӵصоͷһͷſһ𳬼ۣôͷǾ𳬼ʵ룬һϵʩչʲôĻаӣҲһָͷ֣ȻֻǴ˵еĴڣѾھɽ磬֣޽֮أ
Ⱦ𳬼۵
ҶѾͣ˵̫𺳣Ҳ̫ǿˣǾֶۣ֣
Ȼɽܴ󣬷ǳĴ
е·кܳﵽɵۣŻɽжʲôȻǱһҪܶ࣬ĳһ죬潻֣Ц񷣡
ŮһЦȻգЦݾ绨е磬泩ޱȡ
ҶĬˣɽж֪Ǻԣɽ磬ֻϣ
øĪйϵǸҪСģ
ɳΧҶŮӲſɳزʲôɳأĽҪôڵرҪôڴ֮£Щض޴ޱȡ

ѡһ޴ضԶʱһˣӵضɳ˷ˣһһոҪߣͱһɹץסŮƿصĿռ֮С
࡭˼Ůӣʱײ
ңǧǰ⽵׵һŮֱƿʵ
˾Ȼ壺ΪʲôҪ㣿ߣɱҰɣǸ߹ҪΪң壡
Ҿɱ㣡Ůû뵽ˣȻ˸ֱ飬ŷϴƵģ׼һаĨɱ
ʦ㣬
ʱҶ˳Ů֣ƺ뿴ҶʲôֶΣҶȿײˣֱһͷһɹɵĽ⣬Ҷֱ
֮Ҷ˺һŮӵͷˣɱˣ


742 Ϊ
ɱˣ
ŮƺҶȲδʲôô˵ɱɱ
ͣ
һɹָٿȻֱ뱻ƿصڣףʵﵽ׵ǿߣȻ֮䣬ͱŮɹڣʼɱӶѣ˾ͻΪһѪ
ɱɱˣȻ飬֮ɹ󣬺ðɣҾԸϣԭ˵˱һ·
Ѫ飬ɣŮϣһ㶼Ϊ
ʦ㣬ˣ
ҶȼŮӺɱһ˸֣Ҷָ˳ֵǸض˵ɳأҲ棬֮£һ޴ĵعΪضǼͱֵõѹضڲ
ŮüͷչȻ
֮УضֱţҪӽֻαװ룬Ϊ˼֮У˽⵽ع֮УһɿµܶԿʦаӣǳ£ݾߣܱתƳɽҲ˵ֻһ֣ȡʦ㣬ģǱͽʦܣȻʦͨ޵У취֣йҶ˵Լ뷨
ȻģǾ͵жڣ⣬ð취ʹжɣֲ٣аӣҪģɵ۵ͨ޷ģǼɵµ·ѰǿߣҲ޴󶯾˲֮סִ磡
ҶȷӣŮϸƬ̣о취Ҷʵ˵ˮ
ৡ
ҶȹϵϢ޴ضŮӳĬһᣬ˾ƾʧ֮ա
ϣͻȻоһ˿Σ
ض֮ҶȾͼһ׳ĵ磬صİƵģԲξ޴ͨ໥ӣγһͨ˴ضҶڵĵضֻһ֧δض硣
Ǳضռ䣬ҶȾͼˣڵعֽ֮Ѳߣδ޴ߣһЩոճϷˣһɴ̱ǵζڵعš
˿̣ҶûϼǱضüͷʦ㲻򵥡ص̫ұҪܵģ﷭³ЩūҪҰٱ
ҪǱضҪαװʿѪҺʦָ֣һ۾ܿҵҪǱҵúúαװһֶζУ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˼˶þû˵ԼȥﵽĿģαǰڷ硢ɽǱңΣգΪԵɵۼǿߣɵۣħ֣һ־ͶӰͿҶݡ
عпĴڣɵۼ֣Ƕħֻּ΢΢ͷ⣬ܿҶ㣬ԱѡӸķҲҶóġ
ں徫ѪϢ
һع˾޴󣬿֪ضжô˼顭һ֣
ҶϢֵ֮УڽֵȻһڹƷˣһΪﵽĽס
𽥿ˣβ֮֮ʱΪ˽Ҷȴ߶Сǧɿռ䣬ڿռ֮С
㡭
˶ףΪͻȻ֮УֱһǿʵƿأؼҶֳ
֮ǰˣ֪ĻҪЩ
̼䣬ҶȾʩչ龻֣һͷɲڼû˶Ҷջ˫ʱϸЦݣٴһģؿڡ
͡
˻ѪֱӱҶģȻӿҶȵľ磬籥֮󣬾ͽԼ֮УҲܲ˾Ѫ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲαȫ£ǿҵͫҲǰѪ˾ѪԸ󲿷ɵۣһۿҲߣҪҶȵĽ𵤡
ǽ𵤣ҶҲ˾ѪںںϣγһѪֻҪɵ۲ɣʱ鿴ߣǻϰСʱҵһ˿ɻɵۺ߰һһθӦû⣬ٻȥѰʲô
ҶȣνһˣƤǰɫѪ˿Ҳݺᡣ
ɽ֮ɵҪαװֻҶ֣þѪıңֱӽ뼡⡢аħֶܣѪͲݣһͻų⣬ɵۣܵˡ
ǰ֮壬̫һͣȻҶȵ겻ʹ࣬Ѫһݹͣ
Ҷֱľ޴ͨضԼʱԽ¾޴ͨҶһ˶ޱߵĵ磬һӲӵĵ»ʹģݳޣȫر֮Ǹǰͨ
ס߽ס˽ס£ǿ°׵ߣʵ߽װ˽ף˽Ϊߣʵﵽ˵ŽףʮףʦҪնɱֳԽɽ編ǿߣҲף˿˿Ĺɵҷ
ҶȽ»ʹ̲鲢ϸ񣬼磬ûȨ֮ʮǢҶȴ۾
СӣΪأҪӪ
ض˶Ļʹ⣬һ׵˼ʿټʿֵҶʱټʿҶΪе档
ӪػʹǿڣΪףȻûдﵽ׾磬ʵҲԣ˼ʿûΪҶȡ
סð죡
ҶȵһԵĲԴ⣬ֻڣӵһһʮ̶ȣʮף
Ըϣʵܴ׼ǳΪһӣټʿ֣ʼΧ
צ
ҶȻһǿһץһǿҵȫǰɫɭɭʱһߵľ޴צӡָ֮ơ
һ޵צ壬һװ˼ΪߣҲﵽ̶ȣ
䡫
˲䳯ӱһץһɷצӡצһ㣬Щͬ͵ӿ󣬺ݺݵץ֮ϡ
߽ס
˿֮ϣ̶߲ȣ˸Ŀ⣬˵֣ʱҶ࿴
һ׳ʿһ¼ͫȻǺĵģ޵ããдʵ㹻ӪΪʥҵɣӴӪһӣʵѾﵽΪı׼ӽտʼӪ
˳ڻʹڹѲߣȥκνأҵٺò
ҶȾǳӪģ
ضǿսӪһλʵﵽףȻ߽׵˽ףֻܳΪһλߣȨ󣬶ҶȻһСͷͷ


743 ħǿ
ƣӴ˽ʹκνأﶼȥãֻвֽأҪܽ룡
ʹ޴ǽŽڡ
ͨ˵Ҷȣʱżһ֮УﴦΪ֣ͬһ֣ʵﵽ߽׵ǿߣҶƸȣͣҪԽ߽״ﵽ˽ס
óһƣҶȡ
øƣȻлʹĵͼΪľֲͳͳҪģ
ȻҶףΪûܵһ㲨ۣ̲ܵ飬ΪҶѪҺͬѪϢҶ˵õӪأ˿ɵԭ
޷취£Ҷǡˣ
֣úϢƬ̣ɵһСԱϹ㣬ô˺úÿӪճҲ˽˽ӪĹȥ
ǿ߶һȥˣ˴Ҷһ֮Ϣϴ뱦
ȻǶҶȵ
ӪǵΪصĴڣҶ˵ļ䣬жûйӪϢȴӵһ˲֪ܡ
ԭӪһϹߣɽɱΪڸɽ磬ҲӪĴڡ
һҶû뵽ӪȻƾһǿߣƽɱΪ֮ʵ
ɱΪҶû뵽ִţĴʵֲҪԳƵڵµ
ɴ˿ɼȻ֮УʮǿĴڣ˼ɵ˼顭
ǿߣǿ߾ͬĴڣ
ҶƣаԽԽ󣺡ϧڹӪܣȴûмأȻһͬСɣ
ӳС㱨
Ȼ֮䣬󷨴ʮӰȳҪߴ٣ףӣֳʮλʿҶȣһʩ
ҽǸεȥԷɣҶȲδɭ䣬վ㿴ʹ
ǣʮ̸Ҷ߳󣬾ͷա
ʹ״һ̾ţʹ޴ޱȣӪʮˣ˵ʹֻӪʿڻʹշУֻͨڵ
˷һᣬͳԽΧʹһ޴λʹһϵĽ磬ѽûκνֻסŵĻߣӣ߲ȵȡ
óƴ磬ͨȻʮһ˽С
ڹշУ
ս磬ڻʹԷ֮䣬Ųһ޵Ҷȵ˽磬̷ɭɭ
ৼ£˾ڹ֮ĿյͼҶȴʮƹһڹһһɫԷŷԷסĵطԷٹ¥ÿһ¥дССٵ᷿
λֵܣúϢЩֵѲߣ
ҶѰһ¥ʮֽУ¥ֻܾסڶ¥
ǽˣڹ֮Уǿ󣬵ǳԽǿ־ֻгѲ߿϶Ѱ֮أ
ϷţҶȾͿʼ̨ѹѹڹЩ¶˵ҪԼȥѰ䣬һ˸֪ڣҲ޷ͨˣѰ䣬ڹ֮еĴڣԽҵǿߣֻ̫̫࣬࣬ǿߣŻ֪ںδ
ִڣͻᶼڵűĽ֮Уϧûκ䣬Ҳ֪
˼ȥҶֻкٵͷһлǵôͷʼ
ԷǸϢǿµĴҶ֪һѰ䡣
񣬵ĿǰΪֹ˵ѾҲҵõʦǷõ£Σճ̶ȣȫԽ񣬶ٵĲɵۼ֣ܱȫңϲߣ
ϢʱҶȻ˼ƣ侲˵ȷʵҪмǣֶ졢ɵǿߣ̫Сûʸȡֺˮ֮£ȫԼѰ취
һ̰֮أ
ӳ
ʱһҶȾ߳¥ʮҲԺеȺҶȵͷóƣ߶֮󣬱߲㽻Ҷȵڸÿ˿
֪Ѳ·ϸ֮󣬱Ҷһͬעһƣʼ뿪Է
ҶȴʮŹԷ֮ʼϸѲߣҶҲԷ֮УȻٹŮȻ࣬ǽ𵤶ֲ½ƣ޷뿪ڹԷҶЩǿߵӣŮӡ
ӳ˴Ȼвħ
췴Ѳߣδ쳣ҶҲûټһиӸ߼صĹΧʱͻȻһλʩչͨӿ֮УȻһɫħ档
ħôħ
ƺȥ
ħҶȾбΣڵ򣬿νֶָۼ˵ħӵߣҲΪûԽ빬顣
˵ڹ߲ס֮أȷ֮ǰһλħ߲£ɢȥɣ
Ҷȴʮ֮ǰδ̤ϵݣͿҶǰһӡ˵
ӡ֮УȻӪڲڸֱ߲ӹϽҲȨʡ
ǾΧѲߣλֵܺģˣ
Ҷɨһ۷ӡ΢΢һЦһλģʾأתȥ
пӡǣҵǿͨ䣬ڵһж
ԭҶɴ뿪ʱһЦΪλʱ֮£ͨʩչײںԪһȻӡǣǡϢںϣͨӡǣҶȾͿһС
뿪ҶȿʼʮˣϽŹʼϸѲߣʵʩչͨ߶ӡǣڶ
߹鹫ӣ֪ĺΣ
ͻȻһ΢ͨҶȴ߶ӡں֮£ȻжԻҶȴϲѡ
Ϥ
ҶȸûһȻɫͫ˼⣺ȻǵҵλɽħڵľħǿߣԲֲ֮ǰþЩϤ
ţ־⣬û뵽ŹѣȻȺΣͬһħǿߣ
̤ЬٴȫѹҪѰǲɽħڵǿߡҶͷŸں߶ӡǣǼƶѡ
˸ӦǾڱ仯ûκζߣ
뱾ٺǹӣʸ𣿾ħûʸ̸
һħǿߵİ֮
Ӿǳⲻҿȥ޽֮أӣϴֻϣǺ
ħǿ߾Ȼعǰɵʮη壬ǵǸһͰҶɨɣնɱҶȵľħǿߡ


744 ͻȻֵ
֮ǰһħӣֳһ鹫ӡ
һ޶ԻҶȼָ̾û뵽ֲһħǿߣֶһ鹫ӡ
鹫ӣ
ҶͻȻʲôȻľ㵣鹫ӡĪħǿ߶Ի鹫ӣĶӣ
ͷҶȼȲԸȥţǰħǿ˼ɵṫӣĶӡ
ԽͣΪħǿߵĴڣͿηֻ֣˵ηĶ󣬿϶ɽֲĴڣ˵Ȼ鹫ӣ鹫ӱˣɽ

ʱһΪ񡢰ͨӡǣҶȶ𣺡ɽħۣɽħڵĿɽۣĶʱƣ
ɽۣ
ʱ䣬ҶȻӿ죬ֱǿѹͻᱻǿӦҶǿ𾪣ѹסؿ̾ɽħ۰ҵˣȻǸ߸ϣɽɽħۣɽħڵĿߣʵֶ۵ľ
ҶȾȻ⣬ͻأأ֪ħǿߵݣҶ˵š
ɽħڱͬȴڵĳһħţɽۿ϶ֶվͬˮƽߵǿߣҶȾȻǿ߹£ܴǲеҡ
ɽһ־ͶӰ֮һͶӰȫҶпܣ䣬ӶתںϷ
ħ壬аħЩУӣϣܺǹӾħⲻôǰ޽֮أʺã
ɽٴ˵
ˣ޽֮صһﲻᲢ۵ģɽǰȥɣҪջչأ
鹫ӶȻܾɽ۵ĺ
ȻӾѶǱ۾ʹ˱̤޽֮أһϹӵʺ򣡡
ɽħ۵𽥵Զȥ
ȻҲû˶
ɽħ۾ȻΪҪ鹫ӺĪϣ鹫Ӱø
Ҷ˼ţһȻǣɽۡ鹫ӡаӵȵȴɽߣҶϢţȻҪǳ˵ΣǾ䣬Ҷȶδȫʹ
ȷʵ˵ģɵɽ𣬵ﵽ۷ʵȵĲʵ೬۶п̤磬ܴһ磬ôɳ֮·Ȼࡣ
Щԭ˳ˮ˳ˣ
ɵۣǾǾݣ
ǼѲߡ˼һҶȱ뿪ʮˣѲ
ʱȥҶȼÿζѲߣǧټѰһᣬǼһеĽأҲ޷롣
֪αװ˽ض̽䣬мʱ⣡
ˡ
ȫÿһҪŹÿ䣬κο֮Ϣڻʹ֣뿪ع
һ죬ҶϢ֮Уڶ¥УͨӣѴﵽ۷壬ʱͻƴס
ʱͻȻܳڲ󷨿ʼһϡޱϵд
ͬʱҲֱӪ߲
ৡ
һΣڵѲߣͳͳϰգռϵ˫ѲߣҶȴʮˣҲʼڰա
ܺãǿҲڹ֮УѰڹȴݣȥǰȥĵط
ҶЦˣ˼꣬ͻ
ǼӿٶȣҶƽʱѲߵĹһȻֱӽǰƵĹԷȫѰǿߵʱڻʹͨ裬ҶȽҲȻ
䡭
ҶѲһԷ֮ʱͻȻѲߵĻʹ򣬱һ˵
˲䣬ڱͰɱĻʹ˾޴𶯣ը
öǿ߶ˡ
Ҷʮλ̷ըʱ˿̣Ҷص־Ȼܵ˶ĻʹعھһԽ߽׵ǿ־Щ־ʼںϽ磬ƺҪӡرս磬߷ӡ޴ӡ
ɢж̫ƻܽʹǶǾ֣ҪѰÿ䣬ǰΪյ㣬ж
һҶͻȻͣ£´ʮ֣˿Ҷݣжɽ̸Էըλ
ڿˡ
ҶһͳһϿգƲûѲߣ㿪ʼ߶ƣʱڻʹͼֳˣע֣Ǳڻʹôһдв⡭
ССĽ̫࣬ȴƸӦһŴ
һʹͼҶ̴߶ҷϵؾһİд߶ƣӦͬƵϢ
ѰٻʹûнҶȺƣ
վסأܿ
ҶľͷӬӦ˶ʹ֮ʱ΢΢һһ޵ĿռϢǰƬͨĹūԷ
Ҷüͷһ壬ͨԷΪһǿϢʱɻĵְڣളʹ߲ҪѲʹÿһ䣬Ƿ£
಻ڴ˴ȥɣ˵ǻʹأɸֱ߲ƿ֮κ£º߲棡
ǣ
Ҷȴɻ󣬲òתȥԷʵϢϢϵһ𣬶ԷҲǱҶȸ߳һصĴڣӪս

ҶȷƬ֮ԷʱͻȻԺһϤ춯֮
ɲǼ䣬ҶͣڸһʼԪ󣺡龻֡ĪǾڸղǹԷ֮Уʲôڣҵ˿˿Ĺ
ơ
ԪҶȾͼ龻ԶγɣתоȻһɫεƣس֣ƺҶΪ龻ֻʧǵʧø죡
ϵϢ񡭡ΪλͻȻӻ龻֮гֳ
ռʱ䣬Ҷȴʱˣȫڸղ쳣֮УĪǡǹԷ⸽ͬϢڵĶ
ֻͣôһ֣
ʱҶȫѪҺԿ϶龻ֲ춯ÿһ鷢һΣԿ϶⸽һйصĶڡ
Ȼҵڣ֪ΰޣǺεȵĴڣܼԦ壬ô̫κ
ҶԷ򡭡ɱΪߡĪǣ⸽һ֣ӵϢĴڣܷŹⶫǷܵõȲϣ
õһҪõ
֨֨
˫ȭ߬ÿ֨죬Ҷ˵ϢͬĴڣ˵ֱĻ˵ǳΪĹؼ


745 ؾ
Ҫڵʹأȡ̸ף
ʱҶ˵Է˫ͫ˸ǣܷõ˵޹ϵһõ֣޼ֵҪȡ
޷뿪ҵ߲ʱڸӦǱȡݾͻᱩ¶¶ͱ¶ɣõСǧҿǰԷкι֮
ɲǼ䣬һ˼Ҷ¶˾ģ̴߶Сǧһ̫һעСǧڡ
С˼ģȻСǧֻͼ飬ɽ編ȴ޷ѹҡ
৵һһ֮ҶӿɰֺСǧͳգŲмǹԷƵģſ죬գȻ֮С
Ԧռ֮Сǧ˵ڳԷһ򵥡
ȻҪȡ͵ݣһ¶֪鷳Сǧڣ⹬ԷΪﵽµ˽ףɽħ鹫Ӷ˿أ϶гԽ˽׵Ŀֲ
ȰЩڰҪôдȥܣ
龻֣
СǧȥѰҿռ֮ʣҶҲӦ԰취ǳңչ龻ּ֣ڷӡһε徫Ѫ龻硣

գ۹ֻ龻һҶȳһģһȻѪ⣬ǷҶںϾѪ壬ʵ࣬û˼ά
ֻк
ʹƣȥһ󶯾ɣ
Ҷȼ̼ϢзҶע֮͹ϵطˡ
磬֪ǹԷر֮ȻԭڹԷ֮£һڵĿռ䣬Էǿռ֮һһٶ֣ڹԷķռ򣡡
ֻǸоһůСǧʹ
¿ռ䣬һռ䣬ƺԣҶһ߶СǧϢںգһʵ
СǧۣȴŲæĻش𣺡ԵδʱȥӦǿռǳﵽ˽ˮ׼ңռһµΪռػķǼǳԵ磬Σ䣡
סףɽ磬Ѿ۷ǿߣԽ߽ס˽׵ǿ߶šҪҲӵзͳӣСǧ׼ã
û֮У;ҶȿԿʹһһ磬ȴΪ֮С
˿̣ҶȻ󷽣ȥķֻػӶָضһץ
䡭
ʧգҶ빬ԷǧԶĺڰ֮УͻȻһɿµͻأرƺǿߣǿڽ֣ѵĶ
֮ҶʩչĶΪģǰعԷЩͳͳ
ãȻǱλʣ²ֵؾ˸ҳȥɱ࣡
ಡ
߳שƣȻЧֻһ޵źۣͨͬһΪĽ׵֮䣬ʵȴ߽׵˽֮䡣
ʮȻɱռ䶼𶯣һɾ޴־󷨣ʹںϣ񳿹ɨÿһƬռ䡢䣡
ÿµ־󷨣СǧҸ㲻Щǿ־Ѳ飬̫ˣ
Сǧ£ҶƯȻһɹϵ־ͬ˳ǵϯÿһ䣬ŹҶǰʱСǧҶȸ޷ǿ־
ˣСǧҵĵطǱ¿ռ䣡
Ҷ̾ʹ߶Сǧ˲ջطԷʱҶȾͼһ޴ؽ磬бŹԷڽ֮Уһ֣ۣڿʼʩչӳ󷨡
Ͼ뿪˴󲿷֣
磬ǿȥռˣ֮УҶڵĸֻ֣һ֮ľ룬Сǧ̫ҶվǰҲ޷ҶȵĴڡ
ִ߶̫һСǧ֮ҶȾڲһ󷨶ڣŶʮעı䷨ӡ͵˶Ȼ̫磬Щطȴʧȥ˲
ಡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ûҶȿøϸСǧֱͷſռ֮ӿ磬ûκų⣬ʹҶһͬ٣ʼںһ󷨣ϵس·ȥ
߽ײõǿ磬󷨾Ƕ࣬ﵽ󷨣һ໥ӳ֣ںϣۣһ߶ȫգ᲻ɴݣܲ͸簡
ܵռҶȸоȫ磬пܴһѷǿ˳̶ȣҶͻƴףﵽ۷壬ʵ˽۷塣
еܹƽһѷ죬ôжô죡
ؾ
ڣСǧ£Ҷȶȹһ磬˵һݺᡢȵʱ֮ǰʱ֮УƯһ־¶ؾĸġ
ϢӦòɽ뷨򣬶Ըɽ磬ֲãųԽɽǿߣΪؾķ΢΢ͬɲɽ򣡡
취ⲻͨɵģؾӦǵı⣡
ؾ˲䣬ҶȺ֮󣬾͸оȫһ磬ؾѾԽһĿռ󣬲һʱգΪһС͵ķ磬ƺܵģ
أһǵı⣬û뵽ᷢһʺơ˼һתҶȾڨڨЦ
磬ϢСǧһͷŸϢǼؾͻ˲乥޷
СǧҶԺ
õģҽΪ˵õԣԣ
Ҷ˵֮ʱȻڰڽԣȻһ˿˿ԾһѪҲ΢΢ӿƺӦͬϢĴڡ
ĪǼҲռ֮У
Ҷ֣ͻĸӦš
磬̫ԾֱıܸӦԣСǧֻ޷ӦԵңԶϢȻͲҪͳͳ粻Ҫչ̻ᣬһ౦
ȻСǧСƵģ˵̰
ʲôȻɽ۶õ鹫Ӷأһѹʮܵõģȵõ˵
ҶȿɲһĶãģŹģȱȴǾ磬ͻƣ̫෴Ͽҡ


746 ໨Ƥ
龻֡
ؾ̫䣬ؼһСǧ˵ԵҶȿɲСǧ֮Уʼʩչ龻֣Ѱ
ಡ
龻ҶԺԪ֮Уʼٵתһɹصģʼ翪ˮһڣ֮󣬻龻ͷһģҶǰһ
ӦˣȻ
ͷ̫һССǧ֮УҶȱӵСǧռʱѾںϽķ󷨷ӡؾֻҪҶȲŪϢͲᱻ֡
ؾϵ룬ҶȾͼһϵ󷨿ռˣ󷨿ռ䣬˸ֵķϢϢаϢЩĿռ䣬Ǳ⡣

Ҷȳ󷽲ϵطȥʮռڣҶѡһ࣬Ŀռȥû˿ء

ռ䣬ҶΪһξ룬֪ո̤룬ͳһĹĿռ䣬һ޴໨ߣգƺڳ˼ͷϢѾԽɵϢ
ͻأͼ໨ߣҶŵùǺʶΪһǿߣȴ޷оƬռϢԼһҶţĿವס໨֮ϡ
ǡ
ҶȾϸ໨ʱ໨߳ףȻһߣ߲٣ȴһƤǴһɵ۴ڵ֮ϣ䡢ľ޴໨Ƥ
Ȼһž޴໨ƤҶȸеȣԭҶȾȻ໨Ƥ֮ϣоһ˿˿ĲֲصϢ
ϢаȻҲǴеϢȻڲϢ֮һͬ
Ҳ˵໨ƤǴһ߷ϣϱӶ̺Ҷ޷
ߡΪѱƤѵеĴڹǴһҲߣ֮ɱΪƤĸϢӦþڽɱΪʱƤ
һҶȾ˷Сǧ£໨Ƥǰһӡռ˫ͫĿת໨Ƥ˵ɱƤѵõϱɵΪƤ̺໥ںϵϢ˵һƤ˵ȴǾ޴
໨Ƥ֮УҶȸܵʢľѪиŨҵɵۼԼϢϢصƤֱһ޴ɵۼ
໨ƤʮֵͷβЩʣƺһԶŴߡ
̫ˣҪʢҪκҪ̫ʱˡﲻϵںϣ̫ˣ
Ҷ˵ӡ໨ƤķӡͲǿˣֻһӡѣҶûд߶Сǧ˲ڲһɲϡʢϵϢǰ໨ͷų
磬Ҫ໨ƤףҪںϣ˷ҪȥɣҾûˣȻعֶ죬ռ䣬ٺúգ˷һ˿
ҶõҪ̲סʱСǧȴҶȣ䣬ִ˵ģôƤһٷĴ̺ķжϰأִ̫գЧͲˣ
԰Сǧ˵̫ˣɱΪǶôḶ́򣬶˵Ҫģ
ɣ
Ҷʩչ˲һץ໨Ƥϣһ׾޴໨Ƥһ̵ؽ֮С
໨Ƥһ꣬Ƭռͻƴס˵
ɲǼ䣬ʧȥ໨ߵգȻһɹɸӵĹٵϢľɱȻ࣬Ѿڿռٹ̣Ҷտռ
أռƼҶȾţտռ໨ߵؾͳԽ
ݡݣ
ҶȼʱڣΪСǧҶݲõΣգκΣտСǧӦҲע⡣
ʱͬˮʱͻȻһƿؾ˳գսƺؾǽ
Сǧܿ巢˺£
״̬£ҶȾֹֻҪϢû֪ĴڣȻгԽɵ۵ǿߣӵзǷֶ֮⡣
ˣȻڣ˶ʮ֣ģˣǸʦ㣬йɮˣҲ˲ɱŷһ֣ͬƽɱǼؿռʼˣ
Сǧ˵ȴм־ȣᵽŮӺаӵʱʮԡ
Ǿ໥ɣʲôģ˵ã߽ɵۼĸ֣Ҹ岻֣
ಿû֮ʱѾҶȶķҶһһȻ߳ЦǶǵģΪһԤϵˣҶȡıأ
Ǹʦ㣬ҵڣҲδ֪ͨңпʼͲҽӴڲܣһ½ŵ֪ңҴγڷ
Ҷ䳰䣬תͿǰ̿ռ󷨣СǧһռңҪѵıˣ
磬嶼޵иؾǻ߰ɣСǧɻĵ˵
ڳȥ̫ʱ֪﷢£֪ٵ֣ضãҲ֮ǰǿ̫࣬Ҫڳȥһпɵۼ֣ǾбΣգҿɲٴɽǿߣߣ
Ҷȹ˵Сǧ̾ʹ߶ֱӰҶȣտռ󷨴С
öķ
ռ䣬ûٱ뿿ʱҶȸоһ磬춼ǷƯģ޷ȥɳǳۻҡ
࣬ι״󶼶սףƷƷ֮䣬Щսףһ֧ӣ⡣
һеķ
õʯʯؼˣʥ̻Ҫộ͸ģ
Žռ䣬ǸֱҶȺԥͳͳ򣬻װ޽䡣
ǵҩ
ֽһռ䣬ռϢȫͬǵҩȣڷڣ赤̫̫࣬ǼƷ
һٶصĵҩһɶϢ
磬Ҳҩǰⵤҩġ̨ǲɼľ裬ĵҩʿĽ׶ΣŸ컻ذ;Ǳ赤Ȳϣɽһҩ
ҶɻʱСǧʱ˵ҩҶȻȻʡ
̨˵ȥٺúод赤Լֵҩȫϱ
ҶȲδΪ̨ر𣬶ʧȥ侲ϴ߶ͷţ˲Ͱڸֵҩ˲֮С


747 ߻ͨ
̨赤Լҩõʥ̻ᣬ϶ʥ̻޴ĵ֧
̨ɽһɵúãռЩⵤҩҽɵۣʱƴҩ
ʧĵҩҲһͬʧʱãǷһʺƣıأȻǶ۾õĴɳ󣬵Ҳղı⡣
ҶҪһȫգ
ԣ
ոҪ뿪ƬտյʱҶȳӦʱӦؾУȻ˸һأ޷ӹҶȸӦԡ
Ҷ˫üһᣬסģɢġѵһߣ
ߣɽţܣ
Ҷӡ֮УҲֻǶ۾ꡢԼҡ纺ߣȻһ㲻ߣҲһҲߡ
ЩˣҶȻδɽһ£κߣǶݡ޶ħЩţߣɽۣ־ͶӰҲδ̺ԣȻ޷Ӧˡ
һߣεȵǲƪôҲǾţ
龻֣ӦǿϢ
Ӧ֣߳ҶȾ֪Щɱؾ࣬ԶǷǷǴ߶龻֣ҪӦЩǿߣν֪֪ˣʵЩǿߣҶҲԺ취Ӧ
ɵ۾Ȼʮ𡭡ʮ˶Ǹ߽ȻʮɵۣȻ֪Ϊ컨аĸһס׵ͽɵۣҲܿģɽ磬ܵԼ
ӦһҶ̾ʹ߶Сǧһռ䣬ЩǿߣԼȥ໥ɱ˭׺һҶȵ£ձ
磬ռ䣬㿴ЩģȻһƬǿߵ˲νĵۣǻһ
ֽһռ䣬ոһ޴ߣգȴ壬ǿµĵ̬ϸ˵壬һֺۼеĵС
Ҷȼ˵ΪⲻĵµĺۼȻһͷ­ͷߣ໨߻Ҫ޴ޱȣҶͷǰһ֥鶼㲻ϡ
ͷǻŵģһ԰ҶɨӰ٣
磬ǿ뿪ˣµĵۼţ϶ؾĿֲڣǹģһ߶֮СǧҲ
ҶһʱСǧ̽Ҷȡ
ϧϧۼʵֻװ˵ۼȹඥҪһӦþΪϧ޷߰ɣŲʣǿµкۼ޵񼣣ҶȻǵһμȻ΢ȫȣҲ쳣Ĵڣһգڰװкۼо顣

ʯһСǧʹҶȣ뿪¹ռ䣬̼䴩ԽռӡһͷҶԾĿռ䣡
ǿҵȲ໨ƤҲͬСɣһ
ոմԽ磬ҶȻδȫµĿռ䣬͸о֮У̺˹졢ص
Ǿ£гͨඥҪȥеġ
ܵĴڣҶȴ߶Сǧ˲ռ䣬̼䣬ҶǰһаĢͬΰĢ
ǡ˵еġ߻ͨ񹽡ֲãȱؾֻ磬һЩߣۣƱءʡͨﰡ
һμˣҶ̫˷ˣ߻ͨڸֹż֮жм¼ҲɽʮеҶû뵽Ȼ汦̺ǿҶȰЦȱҳɹ̤
ৣ
ûһɣҶһվͰ߻ͨץģʱһɶ߻ͨɢҪҶȣȡҶȵ߻ͨ񹽵ʵҶ޷
ǣҪҶȵ߻ͨ񹽸ܣ
ӡ
̫һӿ˲Ͳס߻ͨ񹽣γһӡ߻ͨ񹽷ӡ
߻֮ͨ£һرϢŷ޾·ĳطһףصϢ
ոհõ߻ͨ񹽣Ҷˣʧȥ߻ͨ񹽵Ŀռ֮£ȴһ΢пռ䣬ע⿴ΪǼ򵥵Ŀռ䣬֮Ҷɫ䣬пռͷһɲɽ
磬Сǧǿҳ߰ص綼޷ӦĴڣСǧҲѺܳʱ䣬ҵɿռľͷ
ɻ֮ʱСǧ
ˣصĺܣ鹫ӡϵ˵ǿƣһСĴ޷ӳȥҲûʱ䣬ٿûûУǾ͵Ȼߣ
Ҷȷǳ侲ʱɲǺʱ߻ͨ񹽱ҶѾаٷְٰգͻǶҪģ̰ʧֿʼ߶СǧһռѰұ
뼸ռ䣬вջ񣬶󷨣ոմԽ磬СǧͻȻͣ磬ã޴ռ򣬾Ȼһǿߵĳô죿
żȻˣͲݸӦһ£
Ҷȿʼͷǿ־ʼСǧں󷨲ٵķӡӡҶͷһ΢־ǰؿռ䡣
ԡаԣȲҲΪֲʦ˵ĴϽȻ廹ǰؾ֮У
ջҶȱȻͫرƽֲɽۻڵϴҪȡаõһаҲ֪ǺĿģ
磬ô죿СǧЩȵʵ
޷ȡʣ󲿷ֿռıֻܳȥѰһᣬҲδӦǿȷɱǶԶһ㣬һлᣬ뿪ǹǿһҪ뿪Ͳˣ
˼һҶȾ侲ش߶СǧʼԽһռ磬ڷɳ޴󷨱⣬ոճؾ֮УҶȾ͸Ӧڴǿռǰʮ֣ƺڹʲôӡ
ӵСǧϸֶһȡҶǳû˻עĴڣǼԦСǧգʱͼڿռ䱦ǰϱʮ֣һɫϵؽ
ķǡʮƷСǧ˵Ȼǽңҵ޷ֿʹͳӣһʹͳӣ󷨱໥ײˡ
ǹߵıҶһʱͷƤ鷳ʮƷȻؾֲؾڲûǿأдԺɨκɵۣҲնɱ


748 ҩɾ
Ҷȱ÷ǳСģܲʮɵۣؾǿ֣Ҫڼзеѧϰ͵͵ȴʱʱ̿ͷžĿ⣡
һ໨񽣣һߣؾһʮƷأؾֲʮɵ۵δ򿪱磡
Сǧ£Ҷ𽥵ؿս໨񽣣ͻȻĴڣһмܣ
ؼһ֣ͳΪʸ֮ģ
ʦ㡭
ﵽһʱҶȾͣգ·ʮָΪӪеĴһֶ֣صŮӣС
аӡ
һɨҶȾͷʮаӣԱߣһɵֻۣ棬ƺ˷ݣһˣһۣǸ꣬ȴһͷĳ
ҶĿں췢ϣ̾ߣϢȻصأһ˸ӦǿĴڣֻϧʮɵۣҶ޷Ƿ
췢ˣһΪƮ죬ǣκԣ޷ӹҶȵĸӦӵصֶͨΣ췢ˣһߣֻϧҶΪ̫޷Ӳȥ鿴
ɵǰҶ̫СһͶӰһ־ҶȾͲ׿⣬ɽ磬Ǿɽ磬ɵһ񣬾ͿԺҶȷǣɵɽ磬뷨ܵƣҶȸɵۣ
ϧǶԻʦ㵹Щɵ֮УҲʵǿġҶȾţȴᣬʱ뿪
ɵ۵Ҷǵһμ
ʮƷ໨񽣣ƺ򣬲ڣƿմֱɱһɵۡ

ҶȻɵ֮Իȴͱըֻһɵۣ໨һͻأȻ㣬ֱӾұۣһȭ໨ײһȭͰ񽣸ɡ
£ɵ̫£ȭȻʮƷӲӲҶȶɵ۲µʶɵ̫ǿ
໨񽣱𿪣ٿȻֽһɵۣλɵܿ߶ͨ໨񽣸𿪣ȴλɵۣ໨񽣣ÿһɵۣʵȫͬȼֻɽ磬ʵʵ󣬱ȵǣ˭ӵֶΡ
϶ԵҵУ
оЩطܹ죬Ϊεǿߣɱؾȥһж̫⣡
ңҶȲҶɵҲֻв֮־룬ɵ˵һ֮ѣҶȾ·仯ɵ໨񽣿⣬ҶȻǵһμôɵ۳֣ȻһɭɭϢڱƺʲô
ɵ໨񽣽֣ҶȸĪھڼзУǰ˶Σգ
ٿ
ͻȻʮɵƺ֣һͬиĽҶȾѣ̿·
ˣ໨񽣿ֲ£ʬ嶼Ϊ촷ۣʮ֣Ȼͬʱʩչͨ໨һδֲ̳ʱ콣׷ɣʮɵۺȻ֡
ৡ
ʮֲɵ֮Ըֲ̬ͬ׼ȷ໨ӿһ̣ͬʱס໨񽣣˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮɵ۳ǰռ磬ƿ񽣣ֱǿռ󷨴ȥ
ȻɵۣöԷķƶԷ磡
·ǷͬѰҲͨǰƽϣڽҪͷȻѡ
ͻͻͻ
໨̫ףɽ磬ֱ޵Уκοռ䣬˲ʹ̲Ŀռʮɵƺ֪Уλã໨ⱦƿռʮֻͷС
ߣ
ʮֻδõҶȵȲᣬԾͷֻĿռϷζȡģ
䡭
ҶȸϿգͲܵһɿֲɽƳһȦ۵а֮⣬ͻȻʮָ˲ɣ
ռκν磬а߽⣬һƺûȻǰ
һڳ˯͸ɫа񵶣
ͨаףͬһɫγɣףʮֺˣģһаѪаڲͷųȻȻһаħ
а񵶿ĳЩ޷ȣȫֻͬһĦͰʮɵ𿪣ажôס
ҷȱλѣǲ֮ΪŴˣҪѹѪ֮λӵͷ
ͻȻʮŻɫµаӣ˫ֺһ϶˿˵
аӣĸ֣ߣȻǶû㣬ȴţһɮǰʹ˵ûãһصɵۣĳа䳰һƺ˽ˡ
˵Ĳаӣƭˣƭҵȣھɽ磬ǲ֣ܵɽ編ѹƣ࣬ƾʲô㣿
һȧǺܸߵɵ߱˫˵
ҷȱնƶȴƶ񣬿ҷ֮;к֮ܳ·λɱ¾ɣҩɾ֮УҵΪҲ޽֮ݺ֣
аһĳȻλһֱɫĺ췢ˡ
ʲôǷҩɾ
ɲǼ䣬аӣֶŮӣɵ۸֣˼ؿ췢ˡ
ҩɾаӶʦв˵ɵ۴Ǻ췢ˣʲôҩɾĪҲаͬ߶ȵǿߣ
֮ɢ˾˼ע֮ϣҶҲԿø˶Իһ
аӣʵаɮҷҩɾһʮˣаҶǻԵɺ£Ͻ˭˭ӵУ
췢˵˵
ƶɮһԸˣ
аҡҡͷͫȴ¶صıҩɾȴͷ¶βа𣿿ЦƶɮȻ⣬ȴȣͷ¶β
ҷҩɾĵһ׷񵤣аиһа飬ɵаӣüλʱߣµǿ٣ѵǲ֪鹫йΪȻףĸףǸ߸Ϊǿ޽֮صϴڣѵ뱻׷ɱ±׷ɱ칬Ҳҿ
ҩɾ˵ƾͬϳȻаӣǰ
鹫ڴй
аӣɵ۶¶飬ɵֿ־塣
ҩɾ˵Ĳɾ޽֮ߵ鹫еľţĶӣȻһжǴţɽйķԴ֮һ
ƶɮȻǱ⣬ȴмħҲҷ˱֣ҩɾƭλ
аӾȻվڷҩɾߣҲ֪ڴʲô⡣


749 ߳
ߣ˭˭ģʲô鹫ӣССһɽ磬ϵɽ̫֮࣬аӣҩɾҲվɵ۷ȷǰȻһѣ
аȫվڷҩɾһʱɵۣƺаҩɾǺϵһ׹޲ɱˣһλɵʵڿȥ뷨˲ѿڶ

ҩɾȻ̾һؿаһۣƺаӵֶΣǸһзֱ
ɱ˲ѪǸˣ
ǱΪ飬̸ʲô˭б£лԵ˭ģ
һɵаҩɾȻ໥͵һգۣͬʱаץȥ
ҵģ
Ȼɵߣٶһģٶֶ湻ݣȻͷһɫɹͬӥצ׺ݺݵسǰһɵ͵Ϯȥ
͡
߹ʵ̫գʩչһԵٶ죬ɵ۶ʱ㿪ǰɵۣͱˣɹݺݵк󱳣ҳһѪɵһѪٶȾ
ɵ۶ᱦɵۻˣɻ£ǻɱ
ɵ۵ĲɱҶֻܶԶԶģɵÿһν֣ҶˣҺɽ編ѹƣɵ۽԰Ƭռʵ÷飬κʡȻ޴档
һŮӣҲȡٶȻ
ƯΧﲻһӾץߵģҪѹʩչӡ̶ʱ䣬ȴɵҵᣬɱЩɵҲû취һӶֻȰɵɱˣ
һֶŮӣȻһɵ۷ץסòֱӳŮӴһϡƽȭ

ŮΪʮɵ֮УСǼһȭƺʲôûֱ濹⣬ʩչһ˾ʹȭ£ˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼ޼ڵĵӣص̫ƽȭⲻ֪¶޼޼֮ȭ̺޼ǬޣǱɣ
аӳˣƯһԣ꣬Ͳʧҡҡͷ
꿴ƺƽĳ࣬ȧǺܸ֮⣬ûκƵһɢɵۣǸղһȭŮֱܣɼаֿ֮ʱ¶߰
޼ڵĵӣΣааħ֣֮Ҵ޼ڣҪѹƴ䣬ģһ֣ͨӡ
λŮѣҲز¶ƶɮȻ֮ˣҲƶɮΪԭɣٲаħ֮ҩɾʱ򽻵Ӧܿɣ
ʱŮӶ깥ڰֳ֮Ȼģû˵аȴΪ͵Ŀ⡣
ҩɾһ̤նŮӣ̫أһʱỹһеţ
һƣΪݡ޼ڵ֣Ůӣƺ֡
䡭
ͻȻһһɵ۾Ȼס̫а񣬲ɵ˲ܷӡģ̫żͷųĸײɵô֣˾ˡ
Ȼ˿
ৣ
ɵۼ㱻˶ߣӿٶȣ֮Уֻʣаҩɾδѣ
û뵽ʦôһǸ߽ɵۣ֮У߽ɵۣһǾž״ӡ
ҶԽضŮݸȤ
ҩ֣Ϊβֶȡ֮УʣˣаҩɾվаӺȻʵ
ҩɾֶһӿصĵҩζ俴аӣӣʲô˼ѵ֪һ֣ͻҵᣬҵѨһɵۣһ
ҷȱƶɮһаɾƶɮһ⣡аͬʥ˵
֡
Ҷ޵ɵˣȻʱ˳סɵۣ˵ġ־ļ̣ɻ£ȻҲʧңҷ󣬴ƣҶȼ
Ͼĸ֮ͣ
ҶȿΧļսķŹκλ棬˼Щɵ۶Ѫ޷ǲǱ𡭡ܵõһɵʬ壬Ǿ׬ˣ
ݷ
ҵģ
͡һѪգһɵ۱͵ϮؿɱһѪãû䣬ֻˣ༸ɵֶۣŮӣץסᣬץȥ

ɵۼȫץ֮ϣԵҲòѹȥɵ۶ϣȴͬʱѹ
˺ӡôа񵶾Ǵҵģô˭Ҳò
ٿ
ۿаӡҩɾ˵ɵۣǰⳡ棬ֻ֪ѡʱǶ֣Ϊɵˣ˾޹ˡ
ͻأı仯ȴѹƣ߶ﰵصһطӡɲǼ䣬Ҷȶؾ˲仯Ƿŷؾ˵ǿ磬Ԩ
ֲؾûеǿأԭ֮ϣ壬ɶ񣡣
һɵ۶ʱˣ
ɱôãôã׹һж˵ֵ壬ԽԽŭ̡
˿˿˿
ͻȻ֮䣬ؾͱʪ֮У˷󷨱仯ֹͣˣ·㷲
찡ǣǣ
ʲôط
ȻҶһɵۣ·Ų飬·ʱÿˣаӣҩɾɽĴֹͣͷƤ飬ȫǼƤ񣬸Ϊ˽ʬƵġ
·磬ڶģְںϣźˮƯֲЩֲ飬ȴ࣬ǡһ޴糲Ѩ
һߣ̰Ŵ죬ײŴ죬Ϣ޿־߳
߳ԨѣѻɺѺ󣬶߶֮߳Уſռʬ塢ʬ壬Ѫʣ߳ɼ
Щ߸ֱƺ߳γȥ˲־嵽㣡
ײߣ磬ѵȵȣ߳磬ȻؾҪǿʢҪ߼߳һȫţĵط
Щʲôﲻֻܺĳһˣ
ļ£֮ʱ֮Уһλɵۣ˹Ȼһͷźɵ۹ͬѹƽ״̬һ㣬ѹƵ͵ķ
ûˣӡͷŵƣСǱѹģﶼСǧʶǺһɿֱֲӱŮˣһɵֱۣƷ


750 ɱɵۣʬ
˷ҰޣͷųͣƷɵۣ˸в̶ͬˣ
ˣ࣬޷ѹƣ
ɶ˷Ƿ
ֶŮӣɣƷײͣü֮һ㺹俴飬Ǻ٣ܵӰҲǷͬСɣֱۣ޷ѹ΢΢
ֻгѹԣҲ޷ȫƣһĴۣѹ㲻ˣоǿܣ
ȻʮɵۣаҩɾɽĴϣ˶ûϣ
ӣҰĲǰαװһˣǲȥطΣգûҾͲˣ
ҩɾڳˣϵؿһаӣһռһһֲԵץȥ
ҩɾΪǰ޽֮ضѵȱǺ޳ܣЩᷨ
аӣɵ۶ˡ
ҩɾΪǰƺһɵۣ˴ɵ۶ţɱᱦֱǷ롣˴ɵۺؤõ˱ȴϲƿϣ
ӱƼ˶ҧˣοǴۣ
䡫䣡
дۣ˵ģͬʱҩɾʩչһǵصĹо߳ռеҩɾӿһˣܣһɵ۽֣װײ
ɵȻ׶Ρ̫߳ΣգùĿռ䣬Сǧ߳ռ䣡
ϷҶȻսǧ׾룬·ŤߣֱҪθһ㣬°Ͳض˶
·߳оһ޴̰ͣţëȻ궼ûˣ
磬߳ӦþɽɣȻһռ󣬵ͳΪһ߳ռ̲𣬿ɽ磬ܵɽѹƣռͿֲˣһ㣬߳ŷһϽڰйţҲ˵߳ڵ򣬶Ͻǿƿصܴڣ
Լһ㹦Сǧ˵
Ͻǿƿأ
ҶȾ֣ͬײĻô߳ռ䣬ܵĵط˵鹫йء
ɽ־ͶӰ˵ؾ鹫֪ģ
鹫֪ƻ߳
Сǧˣұ߶еҲ׼ãʱ׼ɣ
仯̫ͻȻڻʹȻؾžľܴڣ߳ǸǿǿߵĽأؼ鹫ӣʹ˵Сǧ֮ǰڱӦǿ鹫ӡ
£̫£һͷؽᣬֱð亹ƺжĵ棬ڲϵŹ裡
ɱɣɱһҲоͻᣬҩɾϲģ֮ǰ㲻ҾΪʸ֮ģ
˴ɵۣϳֹҩɾõ໥ɱɵ˸أаӾȻԱЦúܿģ˫ֺһȻɫط裬һʥĽƷ⿪ʼ
ҩɾǱɣô֣ƶɮҪɱɱ磬λһͬ
аӾȻ˫ַֿͬʥ𷢳һ᳤ׯϱһɽƷͬϷֱӳҩɾɱȥ
ء
֣ǷҩɾڱɵۣΧʱתͿ߿գһâаƣΣգ۾ʮζ̱ӣɲǼ䣬˾͸˺һ
ɱ
ŷɵۣƺѡѡаӣּҩɾһ˳Ϊ˹һɵ׵ĺܣƶڷҩɾڻǴǰʲôݵУɱȥ
Ҫ֪ɽ磬ɵ½˳ۣκɵ۶ͬܵɽ編ѹƣﵽһͬ߶ȣԷҩɾڰ˴ɵǰȫûɽɽϵƣ
аӣȻϧûʱ㶷Ƕ£ľҩɾǳɵۣһɵȵģϹ֮£Ҳǲ˶ѣһ֮֮֡
Թ⣡
аӾȻ׼ҩɾй©˫ڲǹϵķһһɹĻΪ̬а˫һ󣬾ͳΪһĿ۵ķ⣡
ٿ
¡
а⹥̫죬ں˷ŷж֮죬ͬʯʹӺ󷽣ԷҩɾѨ˲зҩɾ
ҩɾΪӣνǻ㾡û뵽󣬻Ǳа˽ƻɵ˵Ǳѣ
ಡ
˸֣˷ҩɾһʱͻȻֶŮӣһתһ˷
аӣúã˱ɣ˶ɵӣ᲻֪ңһǣ
ҩɾƺһжϵˣŮӳ֣䲻ʱ¶Цݡ

аӵȻŮӣʱ¶ײбԣٴ˫ֺһɵٶȣ;˵ֳȻգۼ䣬ͳŮӺ󷽣ȫԽɵۣŮӷʱѾ޷ܣ
ͣ
аģΪ˽ɫģһʹŮӣҺΪĪ⣬ͷһΣգ磬Ǳ̳һ˿ڣ˵ʮգòײסӡ
ֻϧܣ
аӡŮסѪʹְס˿ڣһŵҩһȥȡ
ʦ㿴ǲǷɵ۸֣зģһҵõ
ҶȰսһŮˣںֻǿԭѪ壬ɵ۰壡
аӣȵֵ
ŮˣɵۣаӲĿ´ڣԶȷҩɾ£˲ƣ׷׳аӹ
ɵһ׷Ҳ뱾ɮΪУ
˶ɲǣаӾȻҪ֣ǸؿиѪȬɵۣͻȻʩչ޷ĥ

аӾ˵سٶʵ˵ǿԱߣһָݺݵصš
͡
ָȻɵ۵Ĵԣ񶬹ƵԵȥգ
ۣ
һɵۣԴȭͷСĿϵشӸ߿׹߳ߣƺӦϢʼس鶯ɵ۲δֻش˺ֻܵ߳
³Ȼ·һԸɽǿ߹߳Ȼնɱɵۣ

Ȼˣɵ۸ӦǴڵģԱ߳һ׹⣬ɲǼ޷߶֮ʱԪҪɢؿڣ׹⾹Ȼ־̬ವһ£Ĵԡ

ɵ˲ͱ۾Ԫʱ򣬱ǿ־׹˫ع˲Ԫ
ʱԪҪʱ̣ҶֳԪеںϺڰ׾ɵۺ޷£ԵԵػɵԪ
ɵۣˣ
ȻǷ־ͶӰͺã㱾𴫵лḴ龻֣ӣ
ҶץסᣬʧȥԪ񣬳Ϊһ߻˵ɵۣ


751 ۵
㲡ȡ
Ԫɵʬ֮УҶȼʱ߶Сǧںգ·צѣ֮ϣɵգ
磬ҺɵԵڸʱ޷ûκ˷ָϢԳûɵնɱ
ֲ߳ϷҶͬӰʧСǧ޵ռСǧƿš
ɵ۾ɵۣȻԪ𣬵Ȼţ뾡Щɵ䣬鷳ˣ
ʧ
Ҷ֪ɵ֮£ħ𱻻̫ʼѹȻ޷ɱħ֤ɵǿ󣬵Ȼһֻ˵ħһɵۡ
Ԫ飬ȴڲɵǿߣֻҪϽ籾һ˿ںɵ۷̸
ڣ龻ּʱɵ˲䣬Ͱɵ۰У龻ת׳󣬷ŷɵ۰ǿߣ龻ҲҪͬĸ߶ѹɵۡ

Ҷȳڻ龻Աߣʩչʼע龻֮УֶʱͷŶĿϢĿʼγһɹصʼעɵ
˭˭Ҫ۵ķҡ
ԭԪɵڻ龻עʱͻȻڴһ䡢϶δ˵꣬龻־ӿһɹϢγɽƣɵɱĸӦ
ɵ۱޷˿Ӧ
ȻɵһҲɵһΪȻȲһɵۣҲԽκַɵۣΪ̫ͨɵۣû龻֣һĨɱɵȻΪӣ
龻ְԵжϰɵ۱ĸӦҶȿȡɵϣǴ߶龻֡
䡭
ڻ龻תͷŸַӡơڽɵҪĨɱɵʱɵŷʶһ㣬ڻ龻ոսʹڲһɿֲ
û龻ֲ϶ҶȼҪһѪ
ô
Ҷ̴߶ѹѪҲ֮ˣȻ㵵ؿŻ龻֣ɵʬ壬Ȼͷһɵķѻ龻ָ档
⻹ͷһΣ龻޷һ
һˣʧȥʶڲķַʧȥã޷зɵڲķȻʧȥʶ߶£б
ɲǼ䣬ҶΪλ龻޷ɵԭˣ
ûʶģ־ʶҲ˼άʶȥпƣû˼άûʶҲԳΪһ߻ˣ޷ȥ֧ġ
û龻̫ɡɡδҪһɵۣȻֲ˼ı仯
УһҪɵɵ۱½ʩչͨһзй龻ֻδﵽĨɱɵ۵ĸ߶ȡ
ʱ˿̣ҶĶ˰أȡɵۣĨɱɵԪ񣬾Ȼһһ֮У
Ĩɱɵۣôһ½磬ǾҶȵڣ
Ϊܱ£¿ɺáɣҾҪɵۺúöһҾͲţܶˣ
˻ƣ
ʥǹ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һ߶һӣʱư°׹һһץץóʥǹﵽĳǿ󹥻ֶΡ
ͣ͡
˻ơʥǹִ̼֮߶龻֣龻ֶʱͷųҶȶ޷ƿءΪģʼӿɵɵʼǿĦ
ɵ۵㣬Ȼڲ֮࣬ҵ࡭Ȼ㲻ʮּ̣ںҲǱϾɵ÷ﵽ׼ɵ״̬
Ż龻ֽɵҶȴʱŷվһ֮ǰͬذеӡɵ嫵ӣڲϵȻȣȴӲ
ɵ۵ӲϵϢϢ룬̫׳ۣҶĵĳܵߣ
ɵ۹ȻǾ˰ҾҪƵˣƣ
ɵһһ㣬໥ӳ֣Ҷ̼䱬ƿհǿƣӶʥǹŻ龻ҵĵطխһǹ̳һƴ˻ơ
䣡
ĸֶΣ˻ơʥǹ龻£͵عɵ۷ɵӣһƣ׹볤֮Уһǹʹ̶˳Σ龻޿ײ룬ʼڵ
䡫
ҶҲ֪ԼֶٴΣһ󺹣ɵ޷ȫм̵ķϵع
ǧݻ٣龻ֵѾ͸ɵϸѪ֮УǺķ㣬ȴ֮ǰҪԵ̫ࡣ

ںι£Ҷȶɵ켸ͨ͸˽⣬һҶҲ۵ŸӼ̡ķ󷨣Ҷ̸ıͨʩչԵ̫⣡
컯ȭ
̫ӽӿֳҶȾʩչ컯ȭһʽ졢Ե޵С죡
Դ
ͷţ
Եĸͣ
޵еĻ
ƣ
졢Ե޵С졭Ҫһɵ۽һ̷ͳͳ飡
ͣʮʱǲɵ۷Ĩɱһ߳ʱб仯һɵ۱Ľ٣Ҷȱ죬ǿֶΣɵصķ
ǿֶΣ컯ȭʲã
̶̵Ķ򣬼ϴ߶ڷӡ̫⣬޵ĹҶԺ˲ͳޣնɱаħڰ񼣻棬һһʽŷҶһ㡣
ٿ
Ҷȶˣ
Ⲣûо޴ĸı䣬̫ⲻͷųͨľ磬ҶһƮƣһȭһȭϺɵ۷֮ϡ
䣡
ֻо˵ײû컯ȭʽɵĻ𶯾Ҷȸûȥעɵ仯ֻһζػҪᶨƵ뷨ʩչ컯ȭʽ໥ϡ
һȭһȭ
һκһڴιɵ۷㣿
ҶҲû˼ȥ㣬һѽڴ̫ⶼʩչֱҶȸоǰκʡʥоԼһֹʣģ޴ڣ״̬£ͣ

ɵ۷㣬ڼĿֲ߶ȣͻȻֵҰһµܣ
ٿٿٿ
ɲǼ䣬£ɵ㣬̼¥Ƶģͳͳб龻һ̣ץסᣬڣԴݿƣӿɵ壡


752 ص໨
ɵֺξ壡
Ҷͫɹ⣬˱龻֣ĪӿɵҶȺɣȻɵֱӽ֣ĨɱݻɵҲɵ۽֮ǰһɣ
ʩչ컯ȭҶۼڽ𵤣̫⣬ʽÿһȭǾ춯أҶȫ£ιɵڼĿֲ㣬߽⣡
龻ְɵ۷Ҷֱӽ龻֮Уɵ۷ʧȥ㣬Էµɵ۾һ⣬һſɫ飬ջҶȡ
ڻɡ
ɵ۷ʧҶȲ棬Ȼعʱռںϣ߳ҶȱҪʵߵޣԽɽ編۷壬ﵽɵ۽ֵĸ߶ȡ
ڻ龻ַӡɵ۷ϢҶȱֹͣΪӣڻ龻ֱ£ȻеľѪӿҶȵľѪǽɫҺ壬͸̺˲ݵԡ
͡
һ׹Ҷ˫ͫɲǼͰɵ۷ĻӣԷģҶȵľѪȻԼģʼɵ˿ڣӿɵ֮С
ҶҪֱɵ۵
ɵ۵ľѪȻҲﵽһҺ໥ںϵĵزʮָ߼ҵľѪ࣬ÿһѪ̺ɵɣ
ƵذҾѪɵ壬Ӵɵ۾Ѫ֮УҶȾ͸оɵ壬ƷʮƷӲȣҶȾϲ𺳡
Ȼɵʬɽ֮ϣ²٣ֱҶ˱̬ģаħǿߣ
ѪӵеӵͬľѪ޷ںϣ˵ڣעľѪô˲ˣҲܵӰ졣
˵ͬҲǴͬС죬ֻҪһС첻ͬһѪ֮Уͻѣ
ԣǿߣһ㶼ֱӶȡеĽ𵤣˭վѪ֮ͬҲҪȥУںϣԾѪɣټɽ磬Ҷһӵֶεˣ˸޷ɡ
ҺûаоڷϣǶԱУǿһЩһЩҸ޷ɵ۷ɵۣ
ϵͷžѪǿľѪֱɵ۷Ѫںϣ裬࣬е٣ԣ
ˣͳͳɣ
Ѫɵ۷е䣬ںоѪеĹ衢ϸ󣬵ںɵ۷
Ҷ˫Ѹһ̫һʹ߶Ѫʼںɵ۷Ѫ뾫ʼģ

ʱɵ۷ģ˾ٲʱɽѣ𺳳棬ںɵںϾѪ֮УҶһ麣࣬ħͷʲ̰ɵѪҺ
ħͷˣ
ž
ɵôףںɵѪҺոսҶų⣬ֲͬѪҶų⣬ʱ˷ظųľұը
Ҷɫʱ԰ףüͷͫȴȻ̰ЦֲͬѪҺų⣬Ҷ뵽ˣʹ಻ڻ£ɵ۽ĳ죬Ҷ׷ġ
ų⣬ĶƻҶȼٶȣȡɵ۷ڡ
Ҷȫ߶£ɵ۷𽥾йƤңϵرСƤͰ͵ģ¶˼̹
ֱɵ۷ֻʣһƤĸʬ֮ҶȾֱһĳһɵ۸ʬ׻Ϊ촷ۣʧȥӲĹҲ˼
䡭
ҶȴʱǵĿľھȻ뾫Ѫ
磬˼飬ȻֱӾͰɵһˣСǧʱҲֻŹѪħҲѪ߲˾ѪΪ
ǿɵ۵ϢСǧ̲סˡ
Сǧעˣһб仯Ǿ뿪Ȱɵںϣǵһ߶ȣȷʵԿɵۣȻȥٳںϣ
һɵ۵ҶȾںϣҲҶʵǿһϿգɵΪа񵶣Ҳ֪ǺεȵŴɵѾв̶ͬˣֻҪﻹûб˶ߣҶȾʱѹסɵ
СǧĵģСǧ·޴ڣ
ͻͻͻ
ʱ߶̫һȫѪʼɵ۾ѪںϣǺݺѹʹ
˼顭
̫һİԵоѪĴ̺ԣ˫ѹں£ɵ۵Ѫ޷رҶںϣ𵤡١衢ϸ֮УԶɵ֣
ɵ۵ѪУ³£Ϊصľ裬иַȵȣֱŨһڣҶȾ͸оʮ֮һô࣬ҶȾͷ־ʱԴƣ׳һҲ͵
ɵ۴󲿷аӺɢҲһЩɵͳͳرҶںϣԭҶڴףӵ߽ס˽׵ʵʵﵽ˽Ž֮䡣
ϧʱ䲻ʱ㣬ҶȾһͻƣٳںɵ۵̤߽ס˽סŽ׶⡣
Ҷͻǰ϶£
ϧͻƣͻ֮޷أСǧ޷ƣգ۾ͱɵ۱ĸֲ
ã磬ǿƺڼС
ҶȻδȫںɵʱռ䵭һΣžʹСǧ
ʲô
ҶȾ㤵һæֹͣںɵʱ˿̣ܵһ˿Ķµǿߣʮɵ۸ֶδӦǶôΪͨҺʵɽ磬뷨ȼ磬ɵۣҲԽֻ֣ҪЩɵ۸֣ûرԽֶͨΣҾͿɵǿ⣡
ɵۣȻɽ磬ܵɽ編Լֻʩչɽȸ߶ȵľɵۣɽħ֣ͨ׵ֶΣʩչԽɽ
Ҷָ֣ҲҪѲƤ
ȥԶһЩռ䣬ܵҶȽش߶СǧʼԶķΧȴû˼ȥעɵս
ء
ʱ߳ЩײСĵ磬ʼһֱǾĵģͻȻӦʲôﵽռ䣬Ȼڶշ㤡ɭɭĺУ
á
ɵ۷׷״ײвɱ֮У˸׷ײ˼ؿ·߳˵ı仯аҩɾԳɽ棬侲һصľ޴־ڽ١
޴־
ֶŮӣ޼ڵ꣬ԼɵۣһƬȻ
ҩɾаӡ
ھŴɵ֮ʱһϤֳǿµ໨񽣣֮ϣȴһλ»꣡


753 ţ鹫
»ɢ໨֮ϣ໨񽣾һߣ»棬ŷǼԦߵˣ
һȥʮ»꣬ȴۣ෴֮ͫУ˸Ĺ
֣
ɵǿߣͻأ޷Ӧ»ֻ꣬ǿһۣƣݼԦ໨ʵŴɵ۾֪»һɵۣɵо
»񲢲Եâ̲أɽǰ㣬񶼿ɱκδڣ
򵥰ɽȻų̋»ᣬȻɵеľ֡
ԶҶסСŪһ㶯ҲŴɵۣĿ⼸»ˣ
ǺǣλֵһϷɣٿûɽѵõľ
̵Ŀռ䣬»ֳ໨֮ϣԴɢؿŴɵ۵˵
ǿߣǲݵУҩɾʱվ߳һ»꣺ǣ
ҩǰٿһǰƵĵҩƷʶ˵ԣ
»굹ԷҩɾʮֿĿаϣԾЩ䣺аӣɱҲͬ࣬Ǹ˰аħ㶼ͨͨ飬㲻ҪΪϹͥϵɱͬ࣡
ŷаӵһ»ڵ٩ŷа»ʮ˽⣡
аǸ˾̾ҩɾߣίߵҷȱ壬ײв˵ķǣ䣬ƶɮȷħɱΣ
˭СӣΣҶɵۣɽʲôǴ콵ڴλĸԵּɽ磬ɵݣȡΪУ㻹
һɵߣ˵ĺȵͫɱ
УǾһȺ򡭡뱾أȻҵģǽؾֽ֮У뿴࣬ɱ𣿶ңһҪǵɵΪ߳Ҫǵϵسɳȥ
»ƺվڳԽ˵ĸ߶ȣϣû˼
㡭ǷӡֶλŮӣͻߵÿҪ֣
Ϊ⣬޼ڵĵӣ㣬ֶĵӣǺǣҪΪ٣ֶ۱ˣѵ˽Щͨɵۣ
໨񽣵»꣬Ů˵ȻǹһĿЦݣֶۿҵǰһŴۣӦǴ£ɶõ˲ţȻֻһķٻҵ㱾ĴڣŲţҪҵ˫Σ
ͽŮһŭգŭȴûа취»֣̫»һֶôжôǿʵ
û뵽Сӡͦ绨ѩģ
Ҷڰҡҡͷ
ҩɾסŮӣȻؿ»꣬޷Ѵǵ˵Īǡ鹫ӣ

»Ц
鹫ӡô㣿
Ǵţ鹫ľ֮һ׿վ޽֮۷ǿߣЦɽϾͷôССɽ˿Ĺϸ𣿾Բǣ
˷ҩɾаֶŮ֮⣬ɵۣλ޼ڵɵۣ̼η塢ɵض»꣬һ£п־Ͷһ֣׷ײ̾
û뵽鹫ӣ
аƺҲ϶»ݣʱҩɾǰӣ˵еţţɽǿߣź
Ȼ鹫ӣ
ӿʼ񣬽ؾСǧӦǿ־ڣؾı仯ҶȾ絣ģһоǿ߽Բһõֹͳȥ
ǿߣпܾ鹫ӣΪڽؾ֮ǰҶȾ鹫ɽ۶Ի鹫ʱȻԸɽ磬ǣ֮
˵ϵǿᱦɱһϷһж鹫ӼƻԤϡ֮С
վ۷ǿߵֶΣ
鹫ӿڰһУҺûд߶СǧؾͻƳȥΪ߳һʮƷ໨񽣣ҿº߻ᣬݾߣһ
һ̣Ȼû˷ѣʱҪץסʱҪᣬǣ̫ڼУòʧ
񣬻ֻеȴᣡ
ҩɾаӣǲΪﵽ۵ĸ߶ȣѾȫޣɱҵȡʮټǡаʺϱںϣ
»Ȼվ໨ͷ·߳һеɵۣҪ֡
ȻԸ䰡
λɱ鹫־ͶӰǲϣȡһ־ͶӰѣҲõ鹫ӱɱ
ҩɾаӹϳ֣
䣡
ӽΪɵۣգ鹫ӽˣ˫˶Ըһˣ鹫ӾȻɽ£
ಣ
ߴɵܲ뷨ɱ鹫ӣܵõõпʧһֱͶӰ
ϴӲͬռ䣬鹫ͷɱ
ǿЦȻΪȴǳۣǲмЩ߽֣ΪپҪúʧ־ΧȻడ޳
鹫ӱŴɵ۰ΧѾ·磬ɵ۽֣̣߳ɵײ֮£
ǿռ㸲鹫ʵ̫ȻҲһ־ͶӰã֮ͨϣͨȵģ˫ν֣ɱһʧп
鹫ӾȻǳֶۣͬȸ߶ȵĴڡȻǾţᣬȻǳΪ
ҩɾаɵеľҶһͷǶ֣鹫Ҳ̫ˣ
û뵽ССĵ򣬾Ȼʶֻھɽܼʶɵ۽ֳôɵ۸֡
ҶһƬ𺳣ɽȻôɵ۽֣Ҷȶɽһµʶ
ɽ磬̫ˣ
磬ˣǲǸץסɵ۲ɱ뿪ˣȻСǧµ
ѵãҶȵͷãЩɵ۲ɱɣǷ־ͶӰˣڱ˺С
Ϸţ
͡
ڴʱɵ۽֣֣ѽѷ֣֮ǰ˵ɵۣȻ鹫ӣһЦֱͷɹĴƷɵֱɣɵ۾ʧȥơ
־ͶӰ৵飬ڳʧ
ֶŮӣҲ鹫ӰԵ˳ȥȵʹ࣬ʣɵҲ鹫Ӷ֣
Ҷȿһ֪鹫̫ǿˣ߳ĵ鹫ӼһͶӰϳ۸ͨɽɱŴɵۣкܴƵġ


754 Ҿ
硭
ɲפ㣬ҶĿֶŮϣһˣɫ𽥱仯Сǧٵһ
ʵĪ⣬ֶŮӣʱ£ʱʮӿҲûֶλߣŮһ£
ԭҶûСǧûߣδŮӹϵ֮ϣŮ鹫ֱ̬۽֣δ䣬ʵôǿҪҪʱ֡
ǣ
룬ҶֵģŮӴӷؾδ֪ͨҶȣɼȫûҶȵһ£
˿̣ҶҪǼʱȥһѣŮӿ϶ж£ҲǷҶһݶ飡
һɵҶȾֶڣһ޵ǿΪɽʲôţͳͳҪ֮
Сǧģ
Сǧʮ侲˵
ںһɵ۵ϲֲɵȻЩɵǰʲôɽ磬ʦ˵ұκ˶ƣǱҪܵɽ編ѹƣֻҪɽгԽͨ鹫Ҳɵ
ɵ۵磬ǿߵ磬ǰҶţ߶һ֮ͨУ
ҩɾаӣ湻ˣɱЩϣ˵ҲҪʧ
߳Ͽգɵۣ񣬳ֶŮԳ֣Ĵɵ۸ҩɾаӣ鹫ӷŰһһʽԽɽ編
һ̣鹫ϣֳɱ
𣿡
ҩɾаӶһۣɵеľӵ۵ʵȻ鹫ĳۣɽ磬˭ûо޴ƣ˿ûмɵ
аƺҲܵ鹫ǿʵӰ죺鹫ӣаааƲ㲻ɱǣҲɱ㣡
ɽ磬ͨ޷ʩչҪǼʶʶ嵽ҵԺɨͨɵۣǽУ
鹫ӺκƱ仯ֻض߳һץ߳ںΪһ壬ʱһ޴ͷˣ޴ߣ߽ףǳԽɵ۵
޴ͷ֪ǻĻһߣٿǻţߡߡͳͳУ鹫Ϣ֮䣬ʩչͨͷʼɱɵۣ
ɵ۵ͨ
ҶȣǾ޴ͷƤǱģ۾Ǵۣʩչӡô߶κŷֻҪһʩչ춯صĻ
״̬ҶΪϤ΢״̬鹫ӾȻںϷ
ǳۣĶӣ
ݡݡ
ͷŴ죬¶ʼɵ۾Ǻݺҧȥ鹫ӺȻͷ֮УԦͷϵߣһߣҪôҪô
ƣ
˷ҩɾаӣĴɵۼŵ˫ȷҩɾʱҲʩչɵ۵ͨһͷ쳤һյۡȼյƣ
ͣ͡͡
鹫ӼԦͷ͹ҩɾ֪ոȼյĲͨͱյûΪ˻ҽ

ͷ޷ƻ棬鹫ӽȤ޵ҩɾû뵽Ȼӷʱںһ𣬹ȻŲ٣ƣȷɽϵɵ֮Уʵǽӽۣ
Ѱаֻơиһаħ֮ƿаħĵҩѣλȥȡס鹫ӣ
ڴʱҩɾȻ¶ȻƵתаӡԼɵ۴һ
û뵽ҩɾаȼһЩЩαҪǿǧ򣡣
ҶȰжԷҩɾľ޴òһݾ壡
ɶ񡭡鹫żˣƺΪҩɾаɵۣΪթ໥ɱơ
ȴû뵽ӿʼһҪȡķҩɾʱͻȻѡһֵ֮˶ȡ̫⧲Ȼ鹫̴߶ƺҪֹ˶ȡ
лǰ
λɵ۲ɵӣȻòܲģҴʱҲֻѡȡȥ˭ûãаҲһʱ
ž
˶סˣһʰͻȻֶŮһɳ˲Ͱס
ɶСˣ
ɵۺݺݵغȵȻûͨڵһʱߣɵ۷׷׼ͨԳԽɽ編ƣֱӳץȥ
ҩɾΪ˻˽ģ࣬Ȼȷº֮ͬ䣬ȴƣ̣ǱԼ˸ˣ
鹫ӿ޵ĺЦ
ҩɾ߶ƣضԿͷһܱУҪǿҪرҪŽᣬڲһţ
𣿲Ǽ㣬һҪɱ㣬ˣ岻ңҲаħĲңվɣ
鹫ͻȻվΧͷǷŭһ㣬ֲ߳ͬ˳ҩɾ
ˣ²Ǵңˣ
˫໥ɱҶЦˣзҩɾס鹫ӣģŮӶȡ
ɹֶ۵ľѧСˣһֶ۵״ӣǷ½ֲʵЩҪǿô࣡
аڵĴۣһʱͷųͨʱסѹ֮ͨϣͨһʱ޷
ꡭ
һŮӼȫʩչɹôɵ۹ͬ£ߣһˣôɵ۶֣ɵͷųɵۿֲơ
ŮΧʼ˳ɵ۹ͷɹһǻѪ
ʦ㣬һ֮
Ůӹľ֧Σ֮ʣͻȻһƽбڳ˴ɵۺͨ޵ͷž飬ǸӦ£Ȼһֱһֶӡ
ݡ
ɵۣ޷ӦҶȵĴڣ
䣡
ٿȻ֮䣬һӰͻȻ֮ϣҽɵѸһ̤ɵͿʼͨҲʼ
칭
Ӱδȫֳ־ץסһŴ󹭣һץʹâĳǹһǳ֮£߶칭ʥǹ
ãǿһħǡɹ
аɲǼƺ칭ͬʱܵħɹߺǿĴɵۣͬʱɵ
ɵ۸֣˲ŮӣҪݻҶȵͻأǺƽ⿪ʼŮӹϵץסᣬͷŸӶĿ⣬ݺݵһߡ


755 ֵĴ
ʦ㵽ˣϣѹס
Ҷ·ﱻɹֳ֮ͨҶ̫Сɵ֮Ȼѹʱ̣
䣡
칭ɹʥǹձɵײһ̼ͱˣһģΪصģֱӴըϯϯ

Ʋǿͨ޵Уռ䣬Ҷȸûпܵʱ߶СǧδüľֱҶǰײҶȡ
ⱬҶ˾ͱ˳ȥ˲䣬һɰѪŷⱬ͸ſµѪȡ
ֶ졭룡
ɵۻҶͻȻаӣĳȻжҶͷ˿ɱУ׷ײҶǵͷͳڷӡŮӣһ¶ɭɭЦݣɱȥ
ûУҩɾֻ㣬׷ĵʲôǵа𣿡
һգҩɾʩչƣڲסǿ鹫ӣǿͷվɵ۷ĸ֣鹫Ȼɢţ·𼸴ɵ۲ɱᱦⳡϷ˼ȥ͡
鹫ӣû뵽Ϊһɺɽ罻֣ģ𣡣
ҩɾ鹫ǰɫʱͻȻָһһɹصĻע֮С
ԣ
鹫˫üһᣬͻ𣺡û뵽Ȼߣɵ۷壬ѡøҩɾ
鹫ӣվڳ۵ľ߶ȣҲ߰ɣضǣŴͬаһ㣬֪˵˵õţߣߣѵ֣עƺȼƺҪ
ܴɵ۷ѡҸ˵Ҫôӷ˿ʼУҪôʹɵ۷忪ʼУҸ˵ߣɽûж٣û뵽ɵۣһ㣬壬ҸƼ㣿
Ȼر𻷾£鹫ӾȻҪ£ҩɾһɵۣߣɽָ
ǰĴڣܿң鹫ӣڶѴ࣬㲻ܵõ
鹫Ӿ޴ջԸΪһЩۣ¶ѡ񣬵Ƿҩɾ̾;ܾˣҴ߶ƣͷųһư֮⡣
Ϊһ֣֣֮
ৡ
鹫˵͹ϴ߶ͷ߿ʼֿʼҩɾҩɾʩչֶΣǿ鹫ӣԽԽƣ־£鹫ƺȻûʩչֶΡ
Сˣ
ʱаΪ׵ɵۣڣͬҰֶŮڵա
޳ܡ
ŮˣȫѹѱȴЩģּɵ۹
ɵ۽֣һ֮䣬֪վɵ۵۷壬ϾҪģȻֻһ
ҲԱ𣬷䣬ҲܵӰ죬ڴУҪ޸
ڰ׾
ͣ͡͡
Ů֪ɵۣ޷ȡûаնȡ˷ɵ۷ִ˿ûмֵڶ֮䣬һϤԶ𣬽ţͼɵ۹ƬգôһƬĹڰ׹⡣
ҶǱسŮҲࣺʦ㣬ӱѹ
Ҷʦܣ侲ͷԣΪһֱŮӿҶȣƺҶ֣߳û˿𾪣ƺһֱ֪Ҷȴؾ
Ҷһж
ȻһֱܸӦҵĴڡܣҵϢΪܸӦ
Ҷһɻ󣬵룬ŮӾͷŸӰԵƣת
аӡ
ҶȵͷһԼ󸹣ȻһѪؼƣȻըϣֻʣ֡
۵ľаӹ£ҶȲܵشֶûˣҶȴʱ˾ʹֻжаɱ
ԴǵһΣǱ״̬
ʱڰ׾Ĺ׹⣬ɵۣñףȻ޷ѹ׹⣬аӼŮӴߣͫȫޣù죬С̫λѹֶ
ƣ
һۣȻһ嫵ȭӡѺڰ׾γɵ׹һӣ
û뵽ڰ׾޷ֿɵۼĹ
ҶӺһǻڰ׾״αֱӹƣҶ־ǿ̴߶Ԫ̼߶ڰ׾׹ͻΪȼյס

׾顢Ȱɵۣ
ֶţ
ڰѿռÿҪ鹫ҩɾÿʱÿ̶עɵ۶ڼҶɱͿ챻鹫ӿʼżˡ
ֶ۱ǾţµӣȻҲᳬԽ壬úã鹫̴˰ɣҩɾЦˣһЦѾĵ߰˰ˡ
û뵽һСӣȫ֣ҩɾôãұû㶷ȥ㡭Ҷ֣
鹫ͻȻ绻һƵģֲͻȻǿֲͷȻֱſ죬һа৵һȻסҩɾܼͶԿаҩɾˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͱͷ˽ȥ
һ鷳
˺ֶΣֱӰѷҩɾɣ鹫ΪΣҩɾȷܴ鷳ȻҶԶȥŮӣЦֶۣĵӣȷ
ŷ鹫ֶۣΪϤһ㣬ЦЦ׼ԦͷҪѹɵۡ
ۣ
̣һˣ
һɿ¡ȵԻ棬ͻȻͷڲͷΪ˻棬޴Ѫ硢ֲƬһŷͷڲ˻ƵģҪͷմ
鹫ӣҲóѵģ
ҩɾ΢ɶҡȻͷڲƺĳʱ֮Уش
С㣬ҩɾΪذܾ֣齣ɵۣ
鹫ƿͷ޷ڷҩɾͨҲΪײеشЦһڼһӡ໨񽣣ʹͻȻΪ໨񽣣ɣߴ֡
ǡ
໨ɽɱռ䶼ڲ̫ˣҶסϵ˿ڴҲɵۣ׷赲Ȼһͳ֮գŮǰʦ㣬ֵǿµ취
˵仰ҶͷǳΪ£ŮӣΪֶվøȣΪɽõķչĲشۣһֻ֣ԤϵĴۡ


756 鹫ӵķŭ
ζȡΪ¸湦ӵ벻ĽͣȻû㣬һ˲Ǳڲܷؾҵõ
Ҷףȴͬվɽϵɵۣɵ۽ֿ⣬Ůһѹһ˵
ܵõʦҶȺܸˣ֣Ҳûʲôʦ㣬ץʱɣ
ŮⷬҶȲûһ˿ˣڻףΪŮܲϢ鹫Ӷδܷ֡
һ룬Ƕڷ纮ŮֶҲδ̫ˣʱףԭǱߡ
ٿٿ
ϰ໨ɽɽش˹
ʮƷ߳ռ̫ǿˣɵ۷ҵ濹⣬ڣҵʵﵽ˽ף԰ɽ硢ɽ磬޼ս
ɲǼ䣬ҶǴŻ໨ɽִ˿ƿʩչһӡ
ɵ潻֣ҵǱڰ׾
Ȼ໨ɽҶûһ˿ӣ෴ȫѪӿڣҶȵһʵɵʵ⣬Խҵռս
ѾҶ˵ûǿҵսУսУԽУɵۣɽ۷塢֮·յľǿߣԽɵۣ
ٿٿٿ
˼һĻˣ
Ҷȴ߶ڰ׾ǰգһһɵ޼սʼʮȻϰ֮࣬ţԽԽ޼սӿ֣Ưգ
ʲô
ǧŮӣȫѹʰͨΪʵʣϵӿҶʩչ֮޼սֻǼɣš
ңͬѰΪֱҶȿɣ·ƾվܳ֡
ΪһɵۣǳԽһɵ۵ŮӣʶֶϵĴڣʶǣ𺳡

ɲǼ䣬꽻ͬսʿսɱһ㣬һٶ໨ɽ޼ս濪ʼ棬ཻײ

һ޼սƺϣ޷໨ɽᲢֻۣײΣ໨ɽԾݻ޼ս
޼սΧһٶ໨ɽͣ໨ɽԵޱߣؼ鹫ʩչ޼սϵ顢ݻ١
ɵ۾ɵ۰ÿһײľҵǿ󣬵ļ̣һײԪ󶯵ʧȥɵۿĲģ
޼սΪУ໨ɽǿҶȻһж鹫ӾֶΣ߳ĵռ䣬һ໨ɽԻκһ
Ҳ߳鹫һ־ͶӰ죬ɽҲҵ
޼սٴᡭ
޼սһٶ໨ɽ֣ôǧ֮޼սأ
ĵĳˣҶȴ߶ڰ׾ͷԪһ޼ս˲ˡ
ǧ֮࣬ǸղһҪ࣡
ԭСӻһԪֲͨáҩɾ˭Ҳ߲ˣȳѹɱˣ߳й¶ȥ
վھͷ֮ϣ鹫Ӳϵעһͷ֮Уǻԣϵ
ɶ񡭡鹫ӣɽ졢޽֮ټɣƺҩɾҪʧ־ϵؼ
鹫ӹѹ໨񽣣޷鿪ѹ
аϼ޻ҩɾ鹫ӾҪѹĨɱ־ƺˣͷŷ⣬໨ɽ
ɵҲˣ
ǰǧ嫵޼ս໨ɽ׳ۣǣȻ޼ս֮࣬Ǹ޷Կ໨ɽֻ赲໨ɽһЩٶȶѣվȥ޼ս໨ɽ֡
Уĵòˡɶ񰡣ò׵õһɵ۷ȻڶԿɵ֮ˣ
Ҷͷ󺹣ɫ԰ף˿ȻûеѪǻǲ˿ڻϣ鹫ǿʵѹ£ҶԽԽģ֪ɵ֮Ĳ࣬ɵ۽֣޵ģ벻־ս顣
ҶҲˣȥᾫƣܣ
ҶʦܡˣҵҪͻĿռ䣡
ңҶһֱڴڳˡ
Ҫʱ̣ҶȿɲѰװ״ɵϻȡ˷ˣһ־޼սתһŮǰ
ŮðڣûҶʣ͹ϵͷһʵʹâҶȡ
ȼ޼󣡡
һ̣ŮӾȻȫѪӿɫʱ԰ףͻȻҶȣҶȾͼһϢΪʣҲһŮһѪգ۾ͳ硣
䡭
ŮȼĴۣʩչͨҪ߳ӳȥǻֲ磬̵֮ѹ
Զգ鹫ƺѹҩɾáߣ
𣡡
֮ͨУŮӿ಻ԣû뵽߳Ѿǿ󵽳Խɽ編زûԥ˫ּĳһ𵤣붼룬˽𵤡

Ҷȼ״֪ŮҪĴۣӳȥˡ
øҵŮӡ߳򣡣
鹫ûϵŮӾȻԸĨɱҲҪӳȥ鹫ӱƯͷ֮ϣ˫ͻȻչʱ߳ռ䣬޾ȻһѪ졢Ѫȵ硣
߸֮Уë
͡
ڹγɲǣһʵĹâ˻δȫγĽ磬Ϊ㣬ʧ

аɵۣڿ໨ɽʱ߳ûʹâʧһɵۣӶˣȻһֶŮӣһصСӶߣŭ
аӣ㾡ʼƺһаͨȻҩɾƣͷҩɾ־ĨɱҲһˮһյĵز
ӣ
ûˣҩɾ䣬֮ǰɵʣµɵۣԺͳͳð֣
ӣӵõ𣿡
鹫޴ڡ
ಡಣ
ҩɾ鹫Ĩɱ鹫ʵ̫ˣɵ۶ʱѡߣԽɽ編ٶȣҫʩչ־ռͨ߳

̫̣߳ŷипռ䣬ɵ۱øаҲǱ˼߳򣺡ܣ鹫ӣȻɽ磬ĵռ䣬ͲطѹȣôܣɣǳΣɽ編֮⣬㾹Ȼ̶ֳȡ
۵ͨģǾ߳һͬడҪɵ۵Ϊ庢ǳɳ֣𣡡
鹫ֳͻȻͷųһɹ⻪˸ŲɽϢֻһӣɵڵգˣɵ۾ص߳ԨΪ
ɶ񣡡

ɺޣ
һȺ£Ϊ˴ñٻѾ־޽֮Ҫָܻؼｵʱ߳ƻȥ
鹫ǻڲҡͷΪⱻӰ߳һ𳬼ۣ̣˶ȥ˲߳ԨӰ١


757 綾Ыʦ
һиݺļžңԶɽʱ֮С
ֱɽ˶ɵʱգͬġ
ͻͻͻ
ʱһ㣬ɽȻȻһʹҫͻ봩£һرɢʹҫǰʱա

ʱ֮Уɽ磬ݺᣬɽƯʹҫ룬һɽ֮С
ɽϷɽۣһʹҫںϣҶȲʹĽ
ֻʹҫʧҶ֮Уϵǻˣ϶ǣҪ֪ộȻˣҶԱߣŮӼûеȥƵĲһ¡
û뵽ľڴʱ㲻ϵĦĦͬƷһȻôѪۡ
Ҷţؾõĵҩ̺ҩģȻʹڼʧҶȲҡҡͷķһʧ֮Уüͷһ壺ʦȻϸƺԤϵҪڵΣգｨ˴󡭡
˲ˣ
ɵ۾ɵۣκ鶼ǰ׼
֪
õҩҶȻָ٣ûеһʱȥ鿴Ů뿪󷨣һȦŻص֮У£ַŮһϿգͷһ⻺Ůڡ
Ȼˣ
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ̾һ֮ǰûеһʱŮŮ˽𵤣ȫͻ鹫߳Ȼִɽ磬Զİɽ硣
һУ𵤡ȵȳش۶ģȻѹ
鹫ӡ
ҶûȥȡŮڵʼһ¶ԾԾͣԺȻӿһδηͬѰľ
֮ǰѾйܶ뷨û뵽ֶ󣬶ɵۡɵۣһ̫Сɽ磬ھɽ磬ɵһǿߣҲֿܵһУ
Ҷȴ޴ɱ䣬ɵۣ֮͵Ĵڡ

ͻȻϿգ·ʲôڽ
Ҷ̷üգӦ󷨷·ҲڶսٵϢ໥ӦҶͫһָ
һ⣬Ͻ˲ɽ磬£̼ѾȥŮڡ
ˡ
ŮӱһŵҶȼæŮӾȻûض˫ۣûи飬ľؾӵվתͿҶȣϤﴫʦܣȻ
𣿡
Ҷȵû뵽Ů˵仰ضۣԳһЦΪҶ֣ʦ㣬ɵۣʧȥ֣ҲҪУôҩɣοҲǴɡ
Ĳ
ŮӸû·Ϊһʬ⣬˶ѣľҶϤأоգɹ鹫ϣȡʵ⣬Ȼвɷϣд빦ͣΪ㣬ɵеĲȷء
ʦмＸûʦ㣬Ѿ֮߳Уȡȫʦ㹦ͣʦʧ˷Ҷȫǫûһӹ԰
㵹侲ҲҪлл鹫ӣ̫äĿԴһ̣޽֮صѾӦϧ־ûеһʱߣҼ񵽻ᣡ
ŮӵǱҶȰȻ٣Ƕ鹫ӵһ䳰Ȼǲ֪鹫ΪβϽԭ
Ҳû㡭
ֻǼ򵥼仰ҶȾͿóŮӻɵݣֻдɾйƽƽȵ۹⡣
˵Щˣڸ֮ڣѸ߸߲㣬ɣռҪͣ
ŮӣͻȻһת
Ҷȼæָмʦ㣬ʦô˼ûʦ㣬ʦܱ˵񣬱ܣ
ͱǫãǸţֱ´ԽҲи߲ͨ㣬ڶཱ֮Уһ߲ҪΪඥ壬ںϣ
Ůֻһץһӿ˳
ʦˣ
ҶȲлȻʹŮӣһͣ£ͷƵͷţܹඥͲж˷ѡ
ܺá
ҶͷŮӺȻصͷֱۣسҶüĵȥ
͡
һĻˣ
ŮָӴҶüһ̣ͻȻ˫üһݣָͻȻһʽ⣬ͻأش̴ҶüģһСѪ
ʦ㡭㡢㡢㣡
Ҷʧȥһ˫۾Ȼ£ڿҡڣҶ𾪵˫ۣ޷ţŵʦ㣬ϵɵۣǰһͬһͬȡȻԼɱ֡
ȫ벻֮ͨУҶȷŷĿ־Ҫʱ֮ǰ֪𰸡
ϧˡһŰڵľšϧ
ŮغȻûƿܣǴǣȫó֣¶˶ģҶȣţɽͬһ࣬ߵģȴûһ֪Ϊʲô𣿾̫ţ̫أ̫߹Լ㲻ҵУҲУĿҫ۵ǣǻʧģ
ΪʲôҶȺһ־侲ʵ
Ϊʲô֪ԭͲң
Ůӵҡҡͷһţ̣⻹һаẉ̂ܵȥΪŵӣҪΪδȥǣ˿ֶܳҡŵв̫أҲɳȥó־Զɽۣ֮ЩǱڵΣգϣҸӦһ˿޷ƿصΣգֻһΣգžͲ㣬ڹʵ֮£ܻŲٵĺڰҾǺڰĴˣ鹫ӣɵǲ¼ɢȥģʦܣһʼѡ㣬ʵǾˣΪţʧţֻҫ۵ʥûкڰ
ԭΪɽɣǿߣֱɡڰֶλģ𣿡ҶԽ⣬Ѿ
·սᡣ
УҪΪҲ֪˼͵͵õɣؾδ֪ͨһ̣Ҿ֪棬˽Ůӻش߶·ҪҶȽĨɱײᡣ
þƺҲŮҪʲôм䳰ЦŮˡúݵĳ綾Ыֻ֪ΪؾӦҵĴڣ
ΪɹҵıԴ
Ů޾Ȼ˵Ȼָһһ𣬺ӿס޷ֵҶȣֲҶ塣
̡
ӿҶ壬ʧȥ˲ͽ壬ﵽ⣬Խͣʢȼţ·Ҷӵдȼ֡
Ϣɣ
һ̣Ů쳣سĬȻ֮УʧΣﶯһ鳾ҪԹʦ㣡


758 Һ
̡
ŮﶯۣͻȻӿٶȣһ£ƾ;Ҷʧֻʣһ΢ҫ΢΢ȼš

ŮľüȻסƺǰ΢ҫʲô޷Ԥϵı仯ȼʧҫ֮УȻһֻƯ֡
һˣֻʣһֻ֣
ô
֣ŮӲ԰ױӣͬʬһ㣬Ȼӿһ㺮ҡҡͷһɵ˫֮ͫУ޷ţһˣȴΪһֻ֣ңǶǿ£ҲջΪ
ǣֻڣȴûˡ
ѵ
ɵۣŮ˲˫ͫԵɱû뵽һɵۡȻһϸƭˣ
һվھɽ磬ֶ߹ĴڣȻ½ӣһɵӸƭһֱûǱҶȺݺݴһƣɵϣȻ޴棬ڽ¡
ŮŭɶǿɱΪʰ⣬ѸƣǶȥ
ٿ
ƺоΣգӵƵģŮĳ£һ¾ƿնȥ
ŮҲʱӦϧƺ֮ǰǰ״̬޷׷϶ƿٶȣֻܰװע⣺Ȼû
ûʦ㣬ʧ𣿷ŭ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬ҶȵͬƵģɭɭɽ֮дݶһ˿䳰һŭ
ҶʦܣҵС㣬û뵽ҾȻᱻ½ӣɱ˫ۣĲŻĻɵ۶Ȳ㣬ɣù
Ů֮У¶򾲣ķȥܶҵ׷ɱ
㣿ʦ㣬̫߹Լˣ˵԰˵ҷâ̫ʦ㣬ǽܻᷢģûеƣѡִ񣿡
ಡ
Ҷͬߣֶһ۵ӣ޵еǿߣҶȾȻη壬źŭ𣬴Ӷʧգɫĳۣ죬Ѿϡ
ˣĺã
ŮµǺһ㵣ƳһҶȣ˵ţĿˣȻǰڻл·

Ȼ֮䣬Ůӹҵسˣɵ۰ƴ߶£һһɶĿ⣬Ϊһʥ⣬ʯһҶδפ£Ѹʹɱѹȶ
˻ƣ

ҶƺϵŮӸղһǼɱɱ֪Ҫɱ֣ҶȲѡҲûжŮɱǰȻøոϵֱ֣Ӵ۵İ˻ơ
׹˫һ˫ͬʱɰףƬռȴ˿ֲ£һغȻ顣
ռں¡¡ػ
㡭ŮӴ㵡𾪶Ҷȡ
ʦ㣬ΪѡΣǱȡɵ۽֣ΪЩżȻ
ҶȻһ֣ƺδӦո۰ںϣƬ¼ɽգҶȺ޼ɵŵ˵ʧˣʦ㣬û뵽ҵʵ֮ǰǿٰɣҿҲãУѵûһ㣬޷ӦҵĴΪȫӡ˸СšͨȵȣҺ𾪣ȻɹӦҵĴڣҴƣȴƣҶڶ
Ҷ˵䳰ȷŮɱŨңҲòϣ̫С㣬֮ǰһֱ񣬾Ѿ漣ɱɹ㻹ǻ
ǴѾ䣬ֻһŷڿܣ޷ӳ֮ǰǰʵҷĲɣôɵװһɵǿǰʦ㣬ںܷŭɣҵŭ𣬲٣ҰΪŶȡ㾹˴ա޳ɱڣ˺㳤һЫף
һŭȼúţҶȺŷŭмŮӣʲô𾴡ʦͳͳȻ޴档
Ҷǰһɵʦ㣬оСˡյСˣûκ
㡭
ŮӾȻһʱҶһ˵õܿͻɱŭ˲ɢĵ߰ɡ
޴Ҫߣ˭סʦ㣬ҷȰһ䣬ξ͵һҪŽ½Ĩɱңҿɲٸ㽲ʲô֮飬ʱĺأʦ㣬ҾͲϽˣͣ
ಡ
˦һĺݻ˿ɵӣҶȷȥƾʧоκ
䡭
Ҷʧռ䣬һ⣬ѿռķѡ
Ůջ֣ɱͬͫȼգøҶȡǳһ˵ľţţҲ˷ĿˣҵҪ㵽׻ɳεȸ߶ȣ
ĬһŮӾͬҡҷɽȥ

뿪ˣ
ͬңԶɽ磬ȴԶһƬ֮УҶȸֶСǧվգҶͫ˸һ˿⣬״̬Ҳȥ
Сǧ죬ɰ˵磬ղ㲻ɱǶԵģ½ԸʵȫǶ֣
ɵȷʵ˵ɹıԴʲô˼ϧ޷֪֪ݡ
ҶȻ֣ڻо˿ľаһ⹥£Ȼʧȥ֣Ҳܵشںɵ۷һִڣأСǧҾڴ˻ָһ󣬵ͻƴɸ߽ףȻϻֶ죬Ҫռ䣬ͻεõ̺໨Ƥ߻ͨ񹽡̨ȵȱ㹻ҽɵ۽֣ࡣ
Сǧ֮̾ʧˡ
ͻͻͻ
͵չ̺޼˻׵򣬲Ӽ̣ҲӰԵͷų֮ȻʮƬڵĿռ䣬

ţҶ̫¯ʼȼգɽҶȾʼɽؾ
ʣɵһʱ仹޷չѪ˴ָ˵
¸аӹͨ£Ҷǿ̼ʹݻˣκܸҶ޴ƻֻɵۡ
߶ȫѪʢʼ˿ڣһůʼ˿ڴӣҶȳ״̬£ָ˵Сһ׮аӡй˱ɱ֮ʥĶᣬʥĲķŴУаӣһеİѣɮ
аӣһ׮⡣
ʥĵĲŻҶȿ϶һаӣõŸഫУʥһΪеնߣаӶҶ˵ľ޴ջ񣬴Ҳնɱ
鹫ӡҩɾаӡдվɽ֮۵Щ֣̫Ҫͻ
еϣӵһ棬ҪͻҪʵҪ޵ɵ۽ֲ࣬ȴѵõҶͻƴ߽ס˽סŽס
ҪͻȱҪһɱſԽ
ϧҲû֪ʦ㣬ʲôݣŮֶ߽ףκιϸ𣡡
ָ࣬ͻƴף
ָҶۣоָ磬ĵҲͳͳָˡ


759 ͻƴɰ˽
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֮УںɽҶȾǿռģÿһɣƬռ䶼Ϊ֮һ
뷨ȥŮǱصвֻ˺Ϊһ塣
žžž
ʼ⿪ӡһŶ͵ʼȡϯ磬ﵽȫ
ݡ
Ϊһ¯֮ʱڷӡ⿪ֲͷţƽ֮ʹڱѰ̬ɷƽ֮ȻγһѰѷЩģâ졣
û뵽СӶ໨ɽĻ棬ƽ֮ҲΪһս顭
ܵϢɲǣҶȾ;Щͳͳɵ۽֮ս飬鲻֪ҶγصĽ

ƽ֮ΪսδᣬţϤƽ֮𣬿ʼȼգźڰţ̫ʥҶ֮У̺Ϲϼ⡢ɹȵƽٻֳ֮
ڶɵ֮ǰ׾޷ܳܵͷųƽʵںˣ̺ôõɵ۷֮ҵɱ䡢׳󼸱ͻƴ״ﵽף߽ף£
ƽȼյƽٺҶգŮ˷䣬ϧܶȡֻõһɵ۷Һûðʧֶ㷢չ
뵽ҶȾҡҡͷ޳仰̫ˣԳɵ۽֣ȫ뿪߳Ȼûõȴõ߻ͨ񹽡̨໨Ƥ
ΪֶӵиǿҶѡðհŮӶȡԭΪͿԵõ£һϵӣû뵽Ůĳ˴ֱҶ
Ҷʩչͨ˼ܣСģǰ˵Уһ룬ȫͷؽᡣ
ˣף
ȼյĻ棬ԵսҶȫͷųﵽԼǿ״̬ӵ˽׵Ŀֲʵ
˽ף̤ɽ´࣬ǽɽ磬Ҳһ
ɽ磬˽ʵѾԽɽ編Ҷ̺ǱԽЩ½ѹͨͨɵۣɽ磬ֻҪɽۡ鹫ӡҩɾаͷκͨɵҪɱҶȣܡ
ͻͻͻ
ƽٻ¯Ƭ֮䣬ƽٻսںһ壬ҶΧͻͻγƽٻ¯Ѹޱȣ·ҪҶԶطĨɱᡣ
̶ȣʲôɽ編Ȼ޷򣬵ҵʵѾԽԴɾķ򣬻סңģȴӵ޾Ǳ
û˿ԥƽٻ¯γɣﵽذʱҶֱһ˻ƾӿֳž粻ߣƽٻ¯ҲԽǿһ顣
͡
˻ɣҶһ𣬺һºݺƽٻ¯֮ϣʱ׹ͬϸϸ˿˿׹⽣ӿƽٻ¯һʱǴ̶и֮ƽٻ¯ͬ߹һˡ
ƽٻ¯˼̵ĴڣҶʩչ˻£ֻҪһƣͳ׸ݻˡ
ŮΪҲ֪ʱΪʵһղͬһգοʱ䣬״ϴɣ
ĵı֤Ůǰֲ£Ǹ𺳡㵵ı飬ҶȾ;úЦɵӣҶѵɵӣ
ͻƴףҶȫͷʱͻƴĳ죬ϯ壬ͻƵҲϱգͳͳ
о֮£ҶЦøأɱɱ磬Ϊֶ죬еӶŮűϢŮ͸߸ϣԽеӣһҺ޵ȻܳΪѣΪͬˣǾҵˣڵˣҴӲĴӲᰮϧݡ
žž
ʼȣͬϴһֱﵽ׸е״̬߶ȣ׽ףûر󶯾ֻһЩϸڲ飬顣
״̬һֱһŽ
߽ףɣ
δüܴͻƺı䣬Ҷȱ㿪ʼͷ̫¯ܵɲǼ䣬ƽ֮ٴӿսʧˣֻȼյƽٻ棬ͬԭ֮Ʋɢ
꣡
ƽٻһ˸߹һˣҶϱҲ֮ɢȼգҶʵжǿƽ֮жôͣҶȼţʹ࣬Ҷֱӡ
ͻͻͻ
ƽٻ¯֮ٿʼγɣΧҶγɼ̻¯
׻¯׼̼޷ǰ˻ƵĶ֡Ҷڻ¯֮УŻ¯γɣƽ֮ںϣһ˻ƾͳˡ
Ե޼˻ףԽɽûдﵽĵ״̬ҲǳԽɽģձԶǿ
ƣ
ͻȻվһȫӳ֮ϣ˻һ˸۵׹⡣
ͣ
ƽٻ¯Ҷȫ£𶯣δ׹и˺ѡ˺˼̵ƽٻ¯

¯ΪһƬȻҶ̰Ƭ룬ʱ͸оѹƵĽֿʼӿ
ž
ʱʼұը֮ǰͻףҪʮҶһ̣ͷųɵ۲֮ڽ״̬£ͬʱ飬ںϲɵ
ɵ۲ںϣʼŽ֮飬ڼɱ䣬ڲϵر仯ϸʼ룬֮һϸҶ׳֮һ
ͻƣ˾˱仯ʵڲ˼飬ɵʢľ˱仯Ҷô˾޴仯
ϧˣɵʣôһ㣬ģڶԿаǿֲ֮Уĵˣ
ѣͻ߽ɵ£ѸپɣҶȸоԼ磬ǿ֮һɵ󲿷ֻҶȱͻƣľ˸ı䡣
һͻƴɰ˽ף
ȴۺɵ۽ĸ־飬ԼľĥҶٴͷַһЩɵʱƽٻӿ
ɱֱӴǳǿ֮ǰûͻ֮ǰŮӽ֣ͻƣԿͨɵۣõսľ
ͻͻͻ
ƽٻ¯ȻͰҶȰΧѸͻȻҶһ֣ʧ̫¯ǧŵӣһʱ䣬ոɱִﵽ۷壬Խɵļޡ
䡭
˻һģײڻ¯֮ϣǣһȴûд¯ҶͷζҶȸо⣬û뵽ԼΪƽٻ¯ҲﵽȺ˳̶ȣҶ˵еǡ
̫żͻƣǶԵûںϣƼ־ںϡƣ
ĬãҶƺ򣬵ͻƣҲǱĬҵļ֣ͻʧ
䣡
ǰ˻ƣǴ̫һһȭһƣ¡һƽٻ¯ͱķѣ̱泩


760 ״
Ȼͻƴɰ˽ף΢鶼СǶԴ߽ϴ裬øӼֱ̣״̬̤ʵ
ָоҶȻǺͻʱܸܵģûͣҲûо޴仯ǽҲͬСϪ
ǣһ䡢ȹ̵ĸоϢȫ·ÿһ䣬̫ˡ
ָо£֪͹ȥˡ
ˣռ䣬иںı䣬Ҫ㣬иͨǿˣ־ҲҪͻơ
ͻƴɰ˽ףǽ෴ͻƱȽףؼͻ֮Ҫʱ䣬ͨ
СǧǿԷˣ
ҶȾһûзˣֻƽ
õĸ磬СǧȻûȫָǸʵǿСǧٶȻӿ٣ˣ
Сǧ˿ǺӰƤöǴձĳȻͷų֮ҶһͬʧԶɽƫƧʱա
ꡭ
һ۵糸Ҷͬ׾Թ϶㾪ٶȣСǧɽ֮дԽš
ҶΪͻƴɰ˽ףʵѾӽŽ׵ʮ֮䣬ھռ꣬ͻﵽʮס
Žʵɽ磬ҶѾԽɽܵѹȴ󲿷շٶȣһͿԷɳʮһľ룬ڼ㲻СǧҶȴӵعֶ죬ҲֻҪꡣ
ҶٶѴﵽɽ缫ޣСǧӵֻҪʱ⣬ϧҶȲǳۣǳۣƿ˷򣬾ͻӵдеĴŲƣɵһŲƣ˲ͿԽһƬɽʱա
մ󲻶ϵ룬·ɽһ½ҶȺȻиʣѵɽ綼һ½ԴۣҶȺܿͲˣСǧֶȥ
ʱѣ˵ȿڲ蹦͹ȥˡ


û뵽ôյҶִٷ߲ʲôǶΣ֪Ҷ־ȥִʲô񣬿ˣҰ취Ҷзִ磬ʮûʧһ
Ʊ̿գʱʱɹһֻֻɺס
һƬƺ֮ϣ޴磬ƺոշɳƬƺ֮ϣϲŭԹ̾
ĹأǲԸ͸¶ٱʶнҶҶ֣ڶɽһȥðգ࿴޷
һۣͫ˸⣬˷ŷȻΪһ壬ûһ˿ǡ
ֶ꣬¶һƮ֮
ҪҶ֣Ҷ֪󣬿϶ðɡˣ뿴Ҷ״Ρ
ҡҡͷ⣬ɽ
ˣ
Լ㹦ڴ˫ͫ伤Ŀ⣬վԱߵ࣬㶣ܿҲƺܵʲô̷ա
λֵܡ
˸ոһҶͬԱƵģѹ㵿һӰԽɽգһǧɽˮ·Ųһ㣬ͻأȻسǰ
һЦݵҶȡ
Ҿֵ֪ͨ޵Уʲô񣬶ɣֵܲƺΪҲ
ΪҲӭǰһģͷҶϢȫͬˣ뿪֮ǰˣʵҶȣҲŲֲᷢˡ
ȷҲһ𺳣ŷҲӵʮֶصֶΣܸӦ˲ܸӦĴڡ
ʮ꣬ȻãǼ࣬Ҷã񡭡֮ǳ򵥣˵ģҴٺúøλֵܡ
ֵܣȵȵȣм£Ҫ㣡
Ҷȸ֮ʱȻưϳֳгݵìܡ
֡
Ҷһƽְ򣺡ǷɳҾѾͨ־ӦϢ仯֪·Ը񣬲̻£˵ɡ
ǱҶ˳飬סˣоҶȵľ粻ʯ㲻ٵѿڶִһٷ˵ʦãɽ磬˰㣬ˣ㲻õģûΣա
ꡭ
ҶȵüĿ΢΢Ծ֪ʲô
Ҷ֣֪ʦźĹϵȥ󡣡֪ҶΪˣҶȹϵͬѰ£ξӣҶȶĴ
Ȼû£Ҿȥ½磬ȥһɽߣҶֱͷƣ˲ƾʧ
˲Ϣ֮䣬
Ҷʦܣ
в鷨ߣڳͻȻһɿƾӿ֣ѲססĽ鷨ߣ˲֮⡣
̫ͻȻڶ鷨ӣֿǿƣǺηǿߣȻҶȡˡ
λֵң
Ҷȫû鷨ߡеӷ
ʦ֡
Ȼڲٵ֮УʮŮӣͬ۷һΧԭȺ˵Ķ档
Ҷʦܣ˵᲻ûǶע⣬û뵽գ۹ͻˣһ񣬹ϲԵȣ
֮ڣһ磬ΪﵽĽ׵鷨ߣݺܸߣҶȽƺڵĹ䣬һλ鷨߾ʹһٷ
ܿ죬ٷʹӽ˳һͨҲֳ֮һȺڸ˳ΪߣȻǹˣԱߣȴһ߲㶼ޱȵˡ
ˣҶΪ⣬ΪˣҲʶǵֶ߲㡢ϫλԾɽ鷨ߣ档
μϸϣ
˿ǧ鷨ߣϲٵӣͳͳ湪ʩΨҶֻ΢΢ס
棬һɵۡ
޹£һĿ⣬ҶȣͷȻҶȣϲԸɽ´Ϊ޴ף
⵹⣬ɱңûԸ֣ΪĳֱԸֽ뷽ʽʧ߲ͨ㣬ҽдѹû뵽Ȼʵֳŵ
ɲǼ䣬棬ҶһƣһԺȻعǰǰһ룬ˣʦ㣬ûжҶȽдѹ߲ʵ˵Լһݹ͡
ʵڳҶԤϣ̫ͻȻ
߸ϣҶȻδعγɫΪ¸湦Ѿϴ֪һζɹΪʴϴ½磬ԴͣӴ˿̿ʼϴ۵ļ״ӡ

ʱ֮У֮⣬鷨ߡĵӣɭϵ֮󣬺ƵģÿըˣҲֶը˹
״ӣ֣ÿˣǹЩ߲㣬ƺ֮ǰҲû뵽½ʹͣһưֱͣҶȾΪˡ
˶ףҶɺε񣬲Żõ˵ʹ͡


761 ɱڣ
״ӡø״ӣҵǶԽԽ棬ֶߣλͬСɣֶҲΪ״ӡ
Ůʵھˣһ񣬶ȡҶֻɽͨӣƾ仰ҶȾͳΪ˼״ӡ
ɲǼ䣬鷨߼ɳֶҲӸԵ״ĸ֣ͬһּ˶ǵվڴ֮еҶȡ
˱κ˶ΪҶȴɽ̤ɽ磬ŵڳΪ״ӣԽ֣˵Ϊһ״·ˣҫڿÿһ˵λʦܣҶʦ̶̿࣬һǧ꣬ʹɾ޵ôɾӵ߽ʵΪ¸湦Ϊ״ӣǳ£ǴҪһͬŬҶʦΪ
һĽޣﶼζǰϫӲųΪ״ӣһΪξֲԼ
ֽ䣬״ӻֵӲϴƶɣҶʦܣҪ۶ڴŬУ֮·кԶԶɽҲѣ
浱ץһöʥޱȵīɫָһԴϢ˸š
ֵӣҶȵûȴڣֶƵĴ䣬һȴ޽ٱ
˿̵ڴ׳֮Уסֽ䣬ɲǼ䣬ҶȻδ־УȻоһ־š
ҶʦܣֶֽžӢҲϴ۵ûö䣬ֶ졣
ԴʽصضҶȡ
ʦַģҶȶȻûȱҶͬش
ΪڣҲΪ˼֤ŬҪɽ翪ʼһԼŬΪף̤ɽ磬Ҵ㣬ھɽ㣡ʱ쳣ϡ
ʦתۣҶȲṼۺĿԴɣ
Ҷָֽ̼ھ֣Ľ£ҶĬȻת߳̼ʧ
ûκʽûκι̣ҶҲδϫ߸ϣѡĬĬ뿪
ʣ²ϴĵӣſ֣ҪҶϹϵҶͲӰ
״Ӱֵܣ㵽ʲôˣ
ڲ֮ͨУҶȡ˲ţҶǴһĪٷӿٶȣǷǷ硣
˿̣໹𾪣ͻȻ͸оҶȱøأƺһգۣλȫˣ̲סʳ
˻޷ţ̫ͻȻ
Ҷȿˣһߴҡˣֵ֣ӣƺţδ˵
ֵӣǺǣڰɽ£û֪ɽԭɣʵھɽµţڵɽ磬ŵӣ鷨߻ڸʵͨӣϽΪɸѡɫģ½ɽ磬ǳɳҡɽ磬ֶ졣
ϫʦãѩЩţ󲿷״ӣŴɽô꣬Ȼ˲ţɽ֮󣬾ͻΪԽӢӵֵӣֵÿһ𣬵λ״Ӳֽ࣬䣬ֵӴֵܣһ˰ɲֽ֪
һ˵ǿĭɣҶ࣬Ŷ䣬ֻھɽʸ֪飬ȻҪ
˵ֶֽ죬ÿһöָ޼֮ɴƶɣȥɽκεطֻҪֽ䣬ǾŴۡ
չʥ̻ˣ
ڣһҶֽļֵҲɽŸ֣˸˽⡣
ֽ̫ˣȻ״ӸӷͬѰ
ˣ
ûã˾ͷɳ磬Ư֮УٻӰٷ纺棬˶Ϥ֮ˣҶĹǣԶԷˣҶȿʼʩչͨˣɽ硣
򡭡鹫ӡаӡҩɾ
ɽͨɽ޴ʱ֮С
Ҷȵˣһͬվڼ֮ͨУϳɽ罵٣˼вͬ飬㵡𺳵ȵȣΪҶȰѵ񣬴ŷ£ͳͳˣɵ۽ֻ档
֮УɽΪ˽ˣӼңȻɽ֮ϣɽǿߣ̾һ֣͵ҡͷҶȾΪˣɵ۸ְ˵аҩɾǶӼҲܵĴڣǴ˵е鹫ӣȷ֮У֮㣬ĶӣȻͻӵɵ۰ʵ
ɵۣ
ɽ綼δȥ֪ҶУǸ߸ϵɵۣǺεȴڡ
Ҷȣ˫ͫ˸侲Ŀ⣺Ҷ֣˵λصɵʦ㣬ֵܿӻǴ״ӣһţһ壬һȷǸڣֻ޽֮أֻг۲ʸȥѰңȡһɵۣûʸȥ޽֮أһȻɵȥᣬһǾã½Ѱ񣬾ֵҲûȨӦ״ӣڴж״ӣҾͲö֪ˡ
ˣƱҪģΪС
һ󣬴ʱͨѴɽֱӴɽ磬Ӷɽ磬˵ɽ編ѾѹΪʵԽɽ編֮ڵ
ɽ磬Ǿ޵еĴڡ
âԭɽ

Ӱͬâԭɽڵؽ磬ͿʼҡΣ·ǿ֣ɽӷɳ
Ҫż
ɽɳһȺߣΪǵֿڴĴϣƺԤϵʲôӰӰģʱһ֣ʹɽһǧ߲ߣӭȥ
ϣ
ӰٿȻֶҶվ룬Ϸ׵
ҶСѣСѡ
ϹȻϵ˻ɽæӭȥ໥֮󣬾ʹ˷ɽ
ɽһռ֮С
һźˮƵı֮ϣ꾲棬ȻΧƯһ֥ע壬ռ䶼иӿڣƺɽҪѹ
ѻָԪܵش־޷С
˿̣ڼɽ֮⣬ʮλ߲㣬ӵҶˣڴҶȽ
ô
Ҷƺ״ǿϣҪѯԭ
ϼҶ侲ӵ޾ĵʵ˵ִһʱ⵽ɱ˫ǿߣɽʧ֣ͨ޵Уһӳһֱɽжд̣ɱںҪ뾡취ɽɽɽǿߣڻع;УҪи˽⡣
֮ǿӣΪв
浭˵
ϣϢһʱ䣬ţѣţøţɱڣɱڡ
ҶͻȻһ˦䣬ʹ纺桢ˣڵʧɽռ䣬ɽƸûá


762 ɱ
ɱڡҶ֣ҪȻɱΪУ
һɽעĿ뿪֮УϼӿٶȣҶһϢޣʵ
ΪɱڣǽһɵĴڣʳ֮ҲüҶȡ
⣬ء
һȳһɵĴڣǻɱ֮ɱڱһȺ׼ķӣĸɸȥ
ʲôˣ֣մӷ̤ɽ磬꣬׵ܵΪͽͽȴУʱûͽܣʧȥԺҾͷĲ˿ˡ
Ҷȿ֮࣬ͫУһ̶ˮÿ˵һ֣޲纺ܣǷǳ
ƽֹķŭ
༸¶ϧŭɱȵȸɫԭˡ
һʲô£ͽĿȥɱڡҲкǶôǿһҪ
Ҷؿգŷ˶ڣ˺ߵˣѻˣֻ·һ
Ǻãղɽӽһݹɱڷڵͼ
˵ʲôóɽͼʼѰɱɽꡣ
ٶԽԽ죬ٷԽɽҲҶͻȻıƣֱӽմҶʵ
ɱɽķ̳ڣ
Ÿո뿪ɽʮ˾ʹ߳ǰһ޴ȻѨһѪ֮ϵͷųһֲ籣ŵѨ
ǿ
ŽѨ֮ڣһؿ֮Уȵ˵
һĿĳˣɱƺɱӣȻɱӣûŵˣɱ֮һһʽɱ
ʵڿȥֱҶֲɱڣܳΪɽһɱֶ֯Σаħ֮ˣкηֱɱڣ
һӲˣȻҪǻᣬɱڸɽǿߣ½ҪɱԶסңɵ½ã˺һЩ
ҶͻȻЦһͬףɱڵѨϿձ˲䣬ɱڴɡɱӲϵ׷ɱ硣
ЩɱӣҪǧǰҶȻмɵ޷սЩɡһ׵׵ɱӣҶǰϡ
˭Ϊδɱڣǻòͷˣ
ǧɱӿǻȳһʮ򡢰ǧڵɱɱӣϵشӵѨ֮зɳһɱȴӽ֮дŷɽɱڵĳ֡
һסһЦˡ
ɱɱӣˮǰУҶȡ纺桢ģҶ˴ͨǴǿߣɱɱӸӵ⣬ڨڨɱЦ
Ҷ߳ƽ˵ɱŹᣬǰ÷ҵѣɽ꣬ɱڵġ
ţʲôɱҪǳǮǾˣǿЦɱھȻҲһ죬ţɱøСӣץҪ˳Ϊӣ
ڽ˵
Ҳ̫ɣҪʹʮ˽׿ܣ
ָһɱͽٶʮ˽׿৵ӿеԵɱɱɱӡ
꣡
ʮ˽׿һգۣͷɱɱӺԭЩɱӣɱΪ۸ڶǻδü֣ͷԼ׿˺ķѣҲץƣֻʣԪ񣬵ԪҲ׿ɡ
ãá
׿ֻһץǴɻһ׵׵ɱӣ޷ֿĻƹһϡﻩһ£һ˾ͱĳһƬ飬ɱɱӶʱˣļ־
ɽһʳҪǿĨɱģ
࿴᳤ֱ̾һɱɱɱӣȫûз֮
֣ɱɽΪûмɱˣ˭ǺӣŹĺȫûһ˿ԣɱаԴ壬ʶɱ¾ͼֲ֣లοࡣ
а΢΢ָ侲
֮УֻҶ纺û˿Ķݣ棬ɫҲЩ΢仯ϾֳĲɱֻҪб֮ģܵӰ졣
ɱ֮У
㹦ɱڴ󲿷ɱӣӾʮ˽׿֮£ʣ಻ʮ֮һ磬ΪԷ׿ܣǴˣҶʵﵽŽףʮף׿ʵҲ߽ס˽ס
ɽ磬׶Ǿͷֵܵʮ˽׿
Ȼɱڽ类ʮ˽׿˲乥ƣױ֮УȻһԵɱɱ
ǧΪﵽ׵ǿߣȻڴ߶ɱҪʮ˽׿ܡ
ɱǣǻûʮ˽׿һֻͻȻǾ޴ɱֱһץһɱһˡ
ǿ׵ɱЩ֣׾ˣֶΣ޷סһС
ҷڣ
ǿˡ
ɱڷϷգƺ˴߶޴ɽͨˣһסĽסףɽǿߣɱ½
Ⱦǣ
ѨȫΪ˼Ѫ˺һ㣬֫ǣʣ°ɱӣɽɱɱӣ׷ȡ
Ҳûãǿ߰ɣɱ
գ򿪵ɽͨ׵֮ǿߣ֣ҶľЦƬ̣һָʮ˽׿ܾͲ׷ɱЩֱɱɱڸ֡
𣡡
һɽɱӣĽףУɽƥɽ磿ٿȻɱٶȹ죬һɱ֮⣬նһֻۿܡ

ɱ֮ݺնڽ׿ϣȻ֮ɱ֮ɢ׿ȴû˿飬ͬħһץĽɱͬڿռ䣬˲顣
ǿߣ
ⳡɱɱӾˣӲӡ
Ȼ׿ܵɽ編ѹȣҲֻܴﵽ׵Ľ֮䣬ǽ׿ܱͼ̲ߣκηǿܱͿץ߽һµˡ
ҶĮȻ񣬶ʮ˽׿ܶʱɱɽɱӡ
Ԯ
Щɽ磬ոջĿ˵ɱɱӣʱ׷ܣˣʮ˽׿ɱӪ֮С
û취ֻɽɱԮ
ɱʵ
Щɱӷһٷ֪ɽ磬һʵɱӣҪٶ
ɣԽԽãͨһ٣߽ԳΪҵãҴ㲻þͽЩԽ࣬Խ
һЦҶڴģҪ٣սս飬ֻвͣսŻи


763 սɣ
ͻͻͻ
һ޴͹ҫɽƺֱӴԽɽ磬ɽɽء
ɱδɱӣͬץסݣǱ⻪ԸشͨԽԽͣŷǿн½
һŹ
ৡ
Ҷȱˡ
޵һʹ纺桢ǰʧ˲Ϣ֮ͳھҪֳҫǰ
򣡡
߶磬ѽɽ紫ͨڿռ䣬˲͸ӡƿޱߵӡƶռΪ򣬴濴ֻһƬŤա
ڡ
ҲŹң
ʮɱͨڴûļɽǿ߽ȫƿ磬ɱӼʮ˽׿ɱ򣬵˿ͬɽ編ɵĽ硣
˼̣󺣣ι޶ʮɱӱͱ׿ɱܣ߽߳⣬˺嫵һ
½ɱڣͳͳ𣡡
ƿصĴͨҫڣԸɽɱڸ֣ڽˣƺδɽձһɹɱⲻϽ٣һɷɱӣĽ׵֮Ϊɵɱ־ţڳˡ
ɱ־ţĽ׵ףʾɱΪɽ糬һʵɽҲǷͬСɣɽ綼޵еĴڣڽɽ磬γѹ
ɽ編γɣȴΧͻȥΪϽĸ֣ȫ̺뷨򣬸ͳͳѹһ׵ҡ
Ҳ˵Щɽԭ޵дڵɽ磬ͳΪһ׵ײ׵ĵͽ
ԣ򣡡
򡭡Ϊǿ󣬾Ȼںɽ編뷨ںϵزɽָ֣
ɽǸɽ磬ЩҲǾ֣оϢȫͬչͨſȻޱƿɱڸｨĴ꣬Щɱӣ½ĸ߰벻м˲Ϊ˲
ˣ
գͻȻʮߴӰҶǰֳҶָһȦ
ʮӰ˲ֳʱҶȵϥأǷʥȾˣһֱ纺ھУҶִʮ꣬Ǿھԡдﵽһֲ³
ӿֳʱȻɽɸ߽ףϢȫϢǴɵǿƣͫ⣬⣬͸ǿԡ
Ҷһ䣬ʥ˾վѹƷ򣬰Щɱɱѹһ׵ףĿǰ֣Ǿ壬սʿ֮ѪϣǾսȥͨսսѪ
ս
ʥˣͲ½ͨˣԵϴ裬岿ѪѣԺֻսΪսʿҳ϶־ᶨޱս⣬ɱ־š
飡
ʮˣɱɱ־һ̣ԷʥΪףƺһƽˣһɾȻ˲ʮɾ޴󣬼ֱϹȻһţ
ʲôɱɱɱ
ɽɱӣɱ̺ɱĶħɱ䣬ľηɵΪɱ֣ﵽ裬Ѫģһ߶ַɱͨʮΧɱȥ
ͣ͡
ɱӣֶʵģٶȳԽ˾ˡ
һ
һ̡
ֱ׵ĴɱֶΣȴͨɱ¾͵ģɱ̹֮ˣһĿѪۣеɱӣܰѷ˵塣
ǣƺоʹǵ壬壬纺ƥУҶȣҲʮ֮һܰƣЩɱʵ̫ˣһɱҲǻᵹµġ
䡭
˿ʼˣ޽һز屬һɹɵƣھ棬γʥף˫ֳ񽣣ףƺʾ壬ֻڴ˵еľսʿ
ݡݡ
˫ֱӺһնռ飬âƺܵӰ죬ɱ޴ӣ޴ɱܣ÷赲ǱһУ˲䵹һƬû䣬Ѫˣʵδﵽնɱĵز
еľˣֻĿףвûб˫ȭһȭռڲ𵴡飬һƬˣ򵥵սɣ壬ȭͷֱӵġ
ݡ
Ȼһ֮⣬ɽ֮ϣͻȻһɱ֮
Ŷ֣ĺã߽ɽܵѹȣǱǸ߽ףҿֱˣ
ҶƯ֮ڣκζܸӦ־ɽأɲǼ䣬Ҷһͷɳɽ̧ۣ֮ͷһصɽ֮УȻڲٸ֣Ǳƿأ޷ͨǿߡ
һɱ֮УȻҪǿи򣬴򿪽磬ɽ磬ɱ֮б֮磬÷顣
ƿҵʵ𣿡
Ҷȸֶʱ纺桢ӶҶȷɳɽ磬ڿֲ㣬ɽգǿѹѹÿˣ纺һ֣һͰΧն
˭ΪҪɱ½ڣ
ǿߣľǿߵɽ֮ͨдݶ棬ڴ֮ͨС
Ҷȷһֶ֮ӣҶȣɱҵѣҾ;ֱɱڷڣˣһ죬һ˸ɽɱڣ
ֶ죿ֲøɱΪУֶΣһССӣɱڷڣնҪʬΣ
ͻȻһӰͨһɳһźڶߣȧǼߣһϢԳԽͼﵽ߽׵ز
ףӦǴɽǿߣɽɱ֮Уλ߰ãʹְɣ
ҶƺҪˣΪҶһ۾ͿʵΪ
㵽˭ҶȣͨӣĪǸɽĵӣΪҪ½½ƽ⣿
־ȵʵͬΪǿߣѸоóҶǿ߾ͷ
ɽӣϾҪɽ磬˵ôû˼㻹Ҫǡɵۣ
ҶͻȻһץʥǹˣվ鲽һ̤˾ǻɽ档
ţ
һɱ֮УȻԽɽ編򣬶ǴﵽɽǿزҲ˵ɱ֮еﵽ׵Ľ֮䡣
¡
ʥǹֱӴɱҲͷǿŴɱ֮гҶײɱǴɱ֮ٶȡڹʥǹ֮£һܹʥǹֱӴ˴ɱ֮Уһɢ߷ࡣ
ף̫ǴҶɽ編ѹȣҪɽ磬һƾ㣡

Ҷһͷ­ϣ߾£壬˲ͻΪһ߰׹ǣ׹ޱߵɽգҶһǿ


764 ɵۼɱӽ
ǿ
ͨڣɽɱڸ֣ۼ֤һоˣĶ͸ˡ
ҶСѣ
Ҷɱߣ֮ʣͻȻӰӸ߿ңԶɽ
һһ۵ţ޶
졢컨аĸǰ
һɨҶȾΪ⣬û뵽½磬Ȼ˸ӦˣˣǴӾɽʥ̻ɵۣ컨аĸɵۣȻһһɵۣһǶɵۣҲаӡҩɾɵǰһͷǶ֣ϾǱʵȫһɵ־ͶӰᲢ۵ġ
СѰŪĶҲ̫˰ɣɽ羲͸Ӧ·ռھҲͨ־鿴û뵽㣡
컨аĸɵ۽Ҷǰɵ۱ֱ˵ֿɱһŵɱӣɱڣɱڿɲǺǵģŪô󶯾ɱڷ񣬿϶ɵ½
ҶɵǰһЦȫԷǸ߸ϵɵۣҾڵɵ½磬ɵھ죬һɵ½磬ܵԼһɵۣɱɵۣɵҲôɱڴӴ֮ҶȱҪĵˡ
⡭ɵû˵ˡ
ҶСӣɱֳֵɲΪͷɱһͷɽϵܶҪ֮˲ִ֪磬ɱڣһֶҲΪһͨӣȥά㡣
컨аĸɵ۴ʱ߳ȻףǹƺŮ飬˵ȲˣѵԷ
λ֪ɣҶȣѾΪֶۼ״ӣǿǺ
ȻֶѹҶȣҶָֽ̻֣䡣
ǡֵֶӵֽ䣬ִƶɣ״ӣû뵽Ϊ״ӡ
컨аĸɵͬʱ۾˼ؿֽ䣬Ϊɵۣκͽ׵ɵۣҲɵ߸ϣվɵ۸߶ȣǾͳΪϡ
ֶʲôĳۣ컨аĸɵ۾ǿʮٱֶ۶֡
˵ֶۣ״ӣֵֶӣǶɵΪеĻɽ߽ףеĻӵнӽ۵ʵ컨аĸɵ۲ͨɵֽۣǰòԽݡ
ֽ䡭дɱǲĿŵԸ㣬Ͼɱ޷ȼֶģǹ׶㰵ǹѷ㻹СЩɣ컨аĸɵҡҡͷƺ˲ɵ۲ࡣ
ԭ˻ɵѹҶȣϣǲŷҶȲʵǿ󵽿½Կɵ۵زΪֶ۵ļ״ӣǷɵ԰ˡ
λǰΪ˱鷳ǰȥɣˣʣ꣬ϣλǰ£Ϊʥ̻ᱣݻɱڣƱػ鵽ʥ̻ᣬڱ꣬ȻǰİٱǧֻҪλǰһΪ̻ᣬ֮ﲻ⣬λǰΣ
ҶȲƴ֡ޱĵĵ컨аĸɵʵ
ߣ˵ô౦ͼȥŵõһ㡭
˵ãЩ컨аĸɵ۶ˣǺ컨аĸɵۣƺҪҶˣˡ
ҶȵλǰǰԸ⣬ǰԿǵ̻ϻȻϵģλǰӦһλǰõĻرҪǽҪ̻ᰲȫҵˡֵܡѡ
廤
ɵһʱ˼
ϼһϾɽ޵еĴڣֻҪаӡҩɾ鹫ɽ־ͷǾǿߡ˫ȭѵ֣Ƕľ֧Ҫǿ󷽣󻼣컨аĸɵۣǷˣ벻û˼ܿһ˿Ļᣬһƴץסġ
컨аĸɵۣڰг˼ƺڶԻԲʱҶҲڰ˼
ʵû뵽ôɳֶɵ۳ûжɳˣΪֶ״ӣû취һֻ˰ɣ
ɵͻȻԶۣʱȻ컨аĸɵЭˣҶȵͷ򵥣Ҫ᲻óҪġ
ȻҿԴӦλǰÿһ꣬һṩ൱Ĵɳи浤ҩҲṩҶ˵
ã㣬ˣɱ׮£ʱҪرܣɱ̻鷳ǻֹģ
컨аĸɵֱӴӦȻͷˡ
ɵ۾ɵۣܸӦңԶ롭
ҶˣĿ컨аĸɵ뿪
ɱ
ɽͨڣɱɱӣƺͬ飬ҪҶɱ¶ģ׷׷ɳͨγһΧɱ˲ɱɱ㼯һɱӣƺҪҶ˺÷顣
һȺϡڰ׾
û뵽̶ʱ䣬ɽɱɱӣʩչ˾˹ȫ֣ҪҶɱɽ磬ÿ˶ܵѹƣҶ֮䴦ͬ߶ȣҶͨϵġ
ȡȡ
㴦ɽ֮䣬Ǻɽ棬ɽ²棬ȴʩչԽ
ɫͬˮɱϿӿֳ̼䵹ȥ׻ءȵȼţ뻹δѹͷŶɱѹ֮С
ʱ˿̣ɱԵңҶγ֣ʩչ޼˻ףǴĵƽʱںϸףԵܶԿģɱӰڿֲ£׷׻Ϊ˺ڻҡ
ءءɱڸ֣Ƕ֡
ҶǴֱʰɽ磬˭ɱƬ̾ոô꣡
࿴һĻͫһֱֹ˵ɱɱɽֶȫǶֻ֣ķݣһж඼̫ഥ
ҲǵһμҶȳ˹ҼҶȸֶһɫûУƺɱѾ˵˾ռߣľ
޵
׼ƲɱɵķʱڵͨϿգͻȻһſֲϢƺɱӣҪȳ֮ɱӣһƬֲɱɵϷ
ͻͻͻ
Ȼ״ﵽһƽ״̬ǿҰ׸ɣûʧҲûɢֻϧȳɱӣɾײ£˲Ѫֱˡ
ھˣֱֱɱˣ
ҶȿգɱľֳˣȻ޼˻濹⣬ҪǸ߽ʵҪôǡɵۡ
ɽɱҲǸɽɱڵĸءɽ֮ϵɱڸ߲㣬Ӳܡ
ৡৣ
ͬϺҶһͰ롣
ֶӣ
žϢ洫ŭɶ
ҶûзЩ߽ײҪɱǣֻ˷Щѣɵɣ
ҶƺһжƿӦһ
ǣ
ͻȻϢ֮䣬ҶǰգȻ˸ӰϢޣûκ벨
ɵۣҶȺЦ


765 һս
ܲ񣡡
ܷ
ǳǳĸ
Ӱɵۣ޵ĺܣܿźۣòϢҲ޷׽ŷﵽںϷزֳûκֱӸҶ´УǰҶֻб
Ҳ񡢷һţҲɵۡúãֵͽɵۣ½ǰٻб¾ȡɣ
ɵ۹ϣҶȸֱס
Ӧս
ɵǰţСӣȻΪɵۣɵ۲µģִ۵ˣɱ
ҶȵӦսֱӴ̼ɵ۸֣ʱ֮䣬ɱͷɵ۾ȻΪӰ
ɹ⣬Ϊʥǹ
Ȼ䣬ɵ۶֮ʣҶ쳤Хһһʰɹ⣬ҫ磬һץʥǹˣǣʥǹ⣬û֮ǰڰиϢ
ɹ⡭Ȼͨӣֵӣ״ӣСӣΪɽֶֻ죡
ɵۣΪ㵵
ٿ
ƺ޷׽ɵӰҶչʥǹȫͷŵʰɹ⣬ͻȻоգŷһҪи˺ƣ̫ҡ
Ҷüͷһ壬̼߶ںγɹ

һüΪͻأĴɱ֮УڵģѪȣʵʷƺͨɵģɹ֮ϣǳԽɽ˫ֱס
Զ纺桢Ԩ֮С
㾹Ȼطںϵֵز
ɱ֮вˣʱ֮Уɽֲѹκʶ޷ڷɣһͽ׻Ǵɣ޷ɽʱ̫֮ͣãɱһɵۣ𺳵˵
šɳ
һɵ֮дݶ
ƾôֱ޳ܵĵͼɵۣ
ҶͻȻƾһ̤ҲգȻ䵹һӰôɳһֲˡ
齣
ŵգһĽˣɽȻƶɽ
ɽ磬ɵǰˣ
Ҷ˫üһݣȻƶɵ۾ɵۣҪܣɽͬȵģһϣҶȾͲõģ콣Ҷȳһ磬˸ʹâĹʥǹա
ͻͻͻ
ɽʱվȻ˽£ʼ𶯣Ҷֻɱ뽣֮У̺˾ɱÿһһˣʥǹһδεػɱݻٽ뽣γɷڵ
𣡡
ȻɱӰҶ뽣֮ɵۣ֮ʱȻ࣬׼ᣬһһָһһС
һɵۻΪһָһɵۣΪһɱ֮УƽǽƵǵǹȻںϵ֡
ν˺һɵ۾ںϣɰںϡ
ٿ
ɵۿֲҶȳΪ˼޴ӣռ䶼ɵֹǣɵƺÿһιڼ֮С
ǣǼˣǾҶӵд˵еĴǧͼ
ͻأѸ͹£ҶͬӰۼʱ˲ʧˣɵ۹ȴײһ
¡¡¡
ռΪһŽɵ۸û뵽ҶʧͨٶȣǶĪ޷ȫѹݺݵײһͬײ˿ռĦ
ܣſȥ
ҶسɵײϷſ죬һɿֲɹγɵĹУ޴붯ռ֮С
ಡ
ɵۣҶͨˣû뵽½һɵ۵ߣȻ޷ԤϣԼƵĹ֮УֱҶʩչУǱɳ𿴲òɱɵۣˡ
ΪһǴϢᣬ½磬ɵ۶˵ͬˮƽ˵ûƣؼǻֻǵͽɵۣ
ҶĿģɱɵۣɵսϾ飬ĥ־һ⻯ͬʱһǹˡ

ɵֱɣҶΪһ壬ɵ۱Ͼɵۣһɱ֮⣬۶Ŀɱ¾ɱ֮⣬ɵˣγɲưĴɱ壬ȫ˿ռ䡣
ʮ˽׿ܣ
˹ҶҲǶľ֧̼߶·ڣǽһʮ˽׿ܾͳҶΧ
žžž
ʮ˽׿̫ܳʱˣסɱ֮⣬ҶȾлᣬɹ˲仯ΪһɹɽٿȻ
ûã˫ֲغϣԽսԽͣʮ˽ۿҶˮõǹɱͨ
ɹ⻹ֻɼ޷õȫƪǳߣ޼ս˻ƣ
սغ֮ҶȸıսҲʩչͨһӣ˻ڴɱ֮ϣʱ׹˺Ѷȥһץ޼սֳһӳ׹֮ͷش̳һѷ졣
ãСȻ˹죬ɹҪ
ߣΪɹЦģֻСû㲻ûֵʩչ
ɵڴɱ֮⺣֮УҶֶΣɱôֲȻϴɱ֮⣬һ󷨣Ҷȸǿƿˡ
ɱ֮ɵĹ磬˿˿ǶɱҲɵɱֶΣκγ·
ɶ񡭡û뵽ˣһСӶ޷նɱΪţ빵ͨϽǸ
һɵۣڲͣƴɱ֮⣬ͬĲ˿һ㣬ΧҶȽεĹ
ã
ôغϣɵ۸˵ĴУŻᾭѲսⲻǰɽ磬ҲǾɽ磬ɽ磬ɵ۸оӶһڶͻȻƺһ

Χڴɱ֮룬ҶͻȻʩչ׻壬ȻķôһֿռϢ
ѵ
Ҷ͵صһ˫ĿŭɵۡǾȻйͨԸɽֶͨΣҪǣɽնɱң
Сӣɣû뵽ƳʩչϽնɱ
һɵۿЦŤŤ
СǧڣһǣҶȻ㵣ûһ˿ĺ£ĵ̣û֪
ɱֶӣ
ۿҶڰʩչͨɱɵڹͨϽ磬ҪϽ״ݻҶ֮ʱһʱݶ
ɵ۶ʱһ

ҶȿյĴɱ֮ߴŷЩϤǣ̫ңԶأһӻ޷иӦ
Ī
ԪҶȲϵ䣬ҳԴˣΪЩϤȻһӰԺ֮С
޼ɱ˼

ɱ֮⸲ǵ磬ͻȻըҶɵֳɵ۹ȻǳɹͨϽ磬һаͨɱ⣬ŨҶַƺҪ


766 
ּɽ޴ӳϴ󣡡
ͻȻһŮӱɵϿմ͸
ĪǸ߽ɵۡ
ɱɵۣɲǼƺ֪Էǿ󣬼Ͻһжһ㡣
ȻҶƺ֪ˣȻûһ˿иͫ𼫶ȼɵ
ˣƺҪв
𣡡
ŮֳһӰһ£棬ȻشϽӿֵĴһָһ⣬γɺǴϯȥ
ɹ⣡
ɵ̾
ŵĸ֣ɵۼĵӣ
·纺桢˶κα仯ɹ⣬ɵ۵ļɵ֪ŮһֶӣֵӾ״ӡ
ˡ
ڿɽ㣬Ͻ紫ͶĸɽȻɹϯ֮£̼ͱжɵϵң𵴣γһŲƻɽաѹơںϡ
ɱڣɱŵӣǷ
Ů޵ӰԽԽתɵʱȻǸҪĨɱҶȵŮӣףֱӸɵۡ
ߣ¾˻⣿ˣذɽɱڵͨɵۣɱǣ޷ѹ¡
ɵ֪ŮӶ֣ǼɵɵŴ֮ϣ˿û˱֡
Ů䳰һҲµģɱҪδʹֶɱڣǿЦ
㡭ããǾھɽɣɵۣȫû뵽ŮӾȻ˺޼ɣ˼ſս֡
һȣλ
ۿɵŭ𣬱ŮӲڽ£Ҫͷ뿪ʱҶȾȻֶ߳ɱ֮£ɱб£ֱңҶȣֶĵӣҾ£УǸ߲㣬˵֮ɱҪһҶȵС
ΪˣҶԺ񷡣
ÿСӣΪɽ編Ϊͨ޵Уĺܲңߣ
ɵ۸ŭѹͷ˴ͨͨɲǼͷɽʱա
ٿ
ͻȻŮһΣһʽҶüĴ
̫ͻȻ̫˼顣
ಡ
ȻҶ׼ʱʱŮӣ֪½ĿĲ򵥣ɱҶȾʧˡ
ã̶ʱգΪȻ߲٣㻹
Ůʽɱһ㶣ͻȻͷųӿֲɹ⣬ע뽣֮Уմ

ʱͻȻһӰֱͷһҫŮʽһġ
䡭
ͻȻһģźĹâŮӸ޷ܣʽһ顢ϡ
ŮͻȻͣǰӰݵòͫȻһ˫ͫ
Ӱ纺
뺦ɱ㣡纺ޱ飬ĮǾɣͬ۲ݶޡ
뱣Ǿȿûʵû뵽һˣҪһŮȥƣ
ŮƱ纺ɫѹȣһ˾ͻһӰͬʧֻ˲һӡ纺ȥ
žž
纺ֱӾһӭȥŮգ潻֣ײͬʱԷǿˣȻֳԷ
أ
ŮӣɽʱղϽ֣Ůͷɵƣ纺һֱء
ҶȺȻգһͳ˽һ࣬Ůӣʦ㣬˰ɣٲ֣տԻعɽ磬ҿɲʦ㶯֣
ಣ
纺һҶߣŮҲͬʱʧգڰ֮⣬ü䷺ź飬俴纺ҶȣԭҲֶӣû뵽û뵽ֻһŮ
纺û˵ƺܲм
ϲʦͨ޵УȻѷˣ
ҶȴΪУĿǰû˺Ƥʱά֣;ά֣һ֣˭ԸȥǿжԴ
ܺá
ŮӵȻ纺ǵȻ飬ƺ纺˺⣬һƣҶȣһɱ½ڣ㲻֪ɱں𣿲Ҫ˳Ϊ״ӣ͵ɪˡ
еɪʦͨʩչɹ⣬ܸӦʦܴڣԺʩչͨˣ
ҶԳһֿʵʦ㣬Ϊ£ش½Īɱҵģ
ɱ㣿Ҫɱ㣬߲㣬ͣ͸㣿㣬ԺɽСЩϴǼɵۣɶˣҪײǣ㲻ҲҪѲƤڴ۶֪ڣΪӣúüͣڰĵطңĵطϣţ
Ůĵ
ҵıʦ㵱ɺڰʱᱻĨɱʦǲΪʦ˰ɣʦΪβĿﶼͬţزأѵʦ㳤ޱȣ
Ҷе˺ôԵӣôߡ
㡭û뵽㻹ͦ컬ģǰǸᣬֻ㣬㣬ǧҪģһģˣλ
Ůһɨ纺Զ桢࣬ݺƳһҶȣתƾնȥ
Ҷȵȭͣ
Īϴ֮У㶯ɱֵŮˣȻΪܴﵽɵ۸߽ˣھɽţӦվڶ˵ĵӡ纺Ӳ˵
ǺŮ˺ܲ򵥣ŮˣҪһ̫ˣ־ɱУ纣ʵô죬һͻɵۣɵ۸߽׶֣Ҷؿ纺˵
к֮ģǳۣҲԶɾ޴в纺˵һ룬ûм˵ڣƺ˵㶼֪
Ҷ֣ʦ㣬˵λΣʦɣ
ʱ桢ҶǰĿҶȡ
Ů˷޳ʱɱңֶҺĺ⣬ǻϷǸĻŮˣҵȵȣջ򣡡
Ҷһӡɱڴͨڲ
ˣ
ʥȾˣӦҶȳ֣׷׳Ҷȵϥ£֮Уɱɱʬ壬ʬ飬֮ǽԵǧˡŵû궼ûˡ
ÿһϣǸ˺ۣѪеľˣһȭͷĿӣϡӶѪۣɼ˶ôսɱʹ࣬ǣûһ˿־塣
Ҷȷǳ⣬óһſŵҩˣУʱǽ֮УԺɱڣǶ֣Ҫϼ
ǣˣʥվ޴壬Ҷȶоѹȡ
Щʣµϣʬ壬ΪǺúգ
Ҷȴ߶ͰŶʮˣʬ壬ûɱӣͳͳҶڡ
ಡ
ջغϣʣѪϢɽ硣


767 
ɽռ

ɽʮλ߲㣬ػڿռΧҶ纺վƽں֮ϵΧʱҶȴԪʼӿźڣ־Ϊһ⣬Ժ
ʱķɽ֣ƺҪҶǿ־·Ҫ˯޾֮С
㣬纺㣬ʽ㣡
Ҷ־жôֲҶȶΪ֮̾ע壬ƶԪ󣬼ᴩۣ֮ûһ˿ƣ̾;㵿ˡ
ƺ˾ôƵġ
һ꣬ϸĵյϢǾ½Һû£
ɱڱ޳ܣһѣδѲԺҪš굱Įĵƺ٣Ӱǳ
纺һ㣬æοаǶɽʱ߻ħŮһ̨ϷҶ˾ûϷˡ
ܿ˾ɽڸĿ£뿪ռ󷨣ɽɽһ֮еľ
ɱڷڣ
ˮľǼùĻɽ¥֮ϣУ֪龭֮󣬾ʹһֵҶȣͲʡô
ʧȥٻҲʧȥ㣬ҲʧȥλˡֵܡѡҶȾػӦ
ˣóʲô£жùúðο

˶Ĭˣɽһϣ޳ĵط֮ˣ˭޷ԤδΣ
֮˾ɽʥ̻ᣬ̻ͣ죬Ҷȴ˽֮󣬾Ͱʮ˽׿꣬ȻڵõĲֱ׷׽Ԫ尡Ҷܡ
Ȼ̨־ҩֻŴڵıҶڲóһ̨Ǳ¶ҶȾǶȡ屦ˡ
鹫ӻŹ
ӵȡ鹫Ҳƽϣȥ˼ҵ̣ѱգǵΪ鹫Ӳܡ
̻֮£ҶȻҪɵۣ컨аĸɵҪıʱɵ۸˲ѣ̻ᣬҶȸͲõģϻӼҡʮڰа
Ҷȡ纺˾ϽȥҲ½صɽ磬ҶȻعֶ죬㿪ʼΪϽ㡣
纺ȥˣȻ纺һͬϽ磬̻һִнѡúҶȱŶʮ˽䣬纺ţ纺ִҶȻҪ棬һץסʱ䣬Уͻơ
ʱҶģɽ칬Լİ꣬İ꣬ҶһҪøǿ󣬽
ռ䣡
ˣ
ʮˣԷʥΪףѽ磬ֳԽˣʱҶȽռ䣬ΪҲȳ˸߳ͷ
纺ʵҶȸõģž˷̳Ϸ
һͬϣһ̺Ƥ䣬ɱ䣬Ľ棬ĸ£ѣйо飬кܴİ
̼ʩչ̫¯ȼգں̳ԣҶͻƣٶֿʮֹǶܵֻҶȻһץһ̾ŵĹ
Ƕ
콵ٶһ໨Ƥ治ɫ׹⣬һ㵭Ϣɽ磬ŷΪܵγһ⣬⣬
ʼɣ
ǿ籣໨ƤȻž˽໨Ƥ֮У̣ϵʥ֮ʼӿڣ˿ʼϢȻ໨Ƥ̺֮С
Ϣֻһ˿ͬ½űҵ֮Уͻ̺̫أҪգеĹ
ʱ䣬ģҶȻؽ롢ں໨Ƥ磬ģƺһŵ໨ǰ
޴޷ȥݣ֮ζ֪˶꣬ã޴ÿһΰڶվڲͣΰڣһμģƺ羡ͷʼ
໨޵Уһ裬ͶԿһڣռˣҲϿֲȼյףǴֱ໨ΧγɣһŴסߡ
ʹ羡ͷ໽С
ûзǲס׻棬羡ͷȥ֪ʹ֮з˶꣬໨߼ֱ羡ͷǣ޷ϵ˿ڣĿġ
Ͻ١
ҶȾͼֲһĻ໨߾Ȼſ죬ʼֱ졣
쾡ͷĻҶȸоػھƷʮƷ໨߾Ȼֱգ߸лˣɹ֮У໨ߴʹࡣ
껪໨ƺƣﵽͷػδһ˽һˣңصһε֮⣬˸ţƺһֹ໨ߴﵽһء
ֱ찡໨ֲ̫ˣᲢ۵ġҶȿһͣ
໨ƺҪ֮£ǣҶȼ޷һĻ໨߾Ȼ֮䣬ƺʲôͷʼѣͷһ˸һʥ⡣
Ȼӵ
ͷѣֵɫʥ⣬ҶȾͻѪȼա
̣֮໨߾Ȼˡ
ҶּͻȻ֮ϣһɹɵĺˮγһˮ磬໨һ߷ѣһˮ磬ˮ磬ҶȲ֪ˮжô䣬Һˮŷһָ໨Уһ¾ͳĺܡ
ڣ˫ͷѳǲ⿪ʼƤ˸Ƥ˫ͷѿʼ䣬໨ȫˮ磬޴໨Ƥͷˣ໨Ƥ׹Ԩ
໨߳Ϊһͷ˫ͷʥĴڣңצǰֻŲˮ磬צԽԽ޴ֱʧӰ٣һл滺ɢ
˼顭
ţҶȼΪ죬澳֮У֮У໨߾Ȼη岻ϵط磬ĥ໨ɱΪ˫ͷߣӵˮ硣
ݼ̲ߵĵ־вҶȡ
ɲǼ䣬໨ߣҶĵľ໨ƤҶļֵ̣̻ҶҪӼǿԼģǿ춷Ϊջιశ֮ӡ
䡭졢죬䡭
֪µţҶȴ໨Ƥ̺֮о飬ȥľ޴󱦲أݱأҶͻȻ֮䣬ȡʲô


768 ĳ
䣡
ҶȻѰղԺһ˿̫ͻȻ̫໨Ƥ̺֮֮֮ģҶƺеС
ʲôɽɵۣۣ
ʲô޲֣ͨ޵Уݺڣ
УҶҲ֪ǣӵм벻ϵУ¸ҵǰУͬ໨ߣҪϵҪȥ羡ͷ
ҪҪ赲ҲȻ塣
޿˹˺ڰǹڰʲôйĵطкڰůϣ֮⣬֮⣬Ǻڰġ޾ˡɡħֻһɳ
оΪеùǨֻأ
Ҷ̫Сɽ綼δȥӲ֪޽֮أ磬֮£֮ʲôҶûҶȴ޵֮Уȴˣ֮Ǻڰģ޴˹âںڰе硣
ֹģ޴ġ
һɳ㲻ϡǿຣǹͨصͨڻ򷨣̺֮ĸ
޵س˼ȫ֪˶꣬ڲ˶꣬Ժֻеصںϡ
ΪҲֱ֮𵤣ҪһϹͰȥʲôɽģػģǱ˵һأ
س֮УʣջвжϤ
ΪʲôҪںϷΪĿꣿģС֮У򡭡Ǽ𵤣
ۣҶץʲôʼһץ𵤾ͳ֮Уһ磬𵤾ǿ򣬵ıԴ𵤹ʴ˲˵ĸ
һһ硣
ҵδδ磬Ҫӵҵķ򡭡
ΰ֮У޵ɱ䣬ٵأڰۼ֤໨СɱΪʹ̣໨ߣȻͬڣ׷󡢾նһġ
ǾͨУﵽľͷ
һΪվľͷҵԴô̫޼˻Щͳͳʲôֱаħкηֱ𣿲βһˣ׷Ŀģһģ
ҶԺ̫ʣҶȿ̳е壬еͨնǴﵽͬĿģνĴһִͬͬе֮һģ
ֲͬͬԴ֮˶ޱ棬ħеһС壡
иһУͻȻҶһݣﶼƵģʱ˿̣Ҷƺˣ
ǲľͷԴܡ
ܿܿڽ֮£һСͷѰԴܡ
ৡ
µţ񼣵ΰ֮У໨Ḷ́Ҷھһζ򣬵ĲˣʣֻȻһУĳ޾ȥͣķɡ
о꣬ƺһ˿⣬ԶҶڶȻ󻺻طɳڲʧҲˣʣͬǿ貵һŽɫӣҶȲ϶򣬽𵤽˻ɫʼҶеľ
һһຣһһ磬Ŀຣȫ˽硣
ٿٿٿ
̫ڰ׾ײ޽塢Ϲϼ⡢Ѫ塢ɹ
ҶƯϵؽӡʩչɽֻǷʮٵÿһӵвͬ㼯Ϊ̫һ
ʱ̫һ֮ǰͬоһ˿ԣһ˿ĵɽϢϢеģǳеǼϢȻƮ졣
δֹͣڶ֮£ҶȲϵؽӡ̫һ֮УеΪһ¯
¯ǽ𵤣ɰٴ
˲䣬ҶȾ͸оκ̬ںϣŽ𵤹һԼͷſƵģ䣬沨ڹһ֮ҶȷԼܵԼҲνķ
Լǲǳ񷾡ͷѰԴܵһ⡣

ƺˣҶȻؾԼ仯ʱȻȫͬµΪһ䡢ȴʵ̫һ˫־һʣȻޣһΡ޼ƣƺ񷡣
ҵĵڿʼ
ѹƣҶȿ˫֣ŷ޵ģУ𵤿κ
ҵĵΪһվںڰȥ׷ѰԴŹΪ
Ҷغţɽ磬̤֮ǰȻԼ֮
հ壬嶼Ҫȥ׷İ壬ϧֻôһ㣬ֻܴΡ
侲ãҶȲŵƯе໨ƤֻޣͣںϣţҲ̤磬Ͻͻ᲻
µ̫һγˣԵʵޣ仯ľǽ𵤣ǳɫһζ磬һʵ֮佻ĿռڣȻܣҶȻ޷ȥ⣬ϾвŶãޣ̫Զ̫Զ
Լĵ
ȻǴͷϺڲ޷ȫգҶȴӵ˵ڴɾ磬ȷ֮·
˲Ǿˣں໨о֮һеѪڷڣһһ˶о仯
һʥʮˣͬҶһƺ໨й̣ںо飬ݱҵз໨Ƥ֮ѪڿʼڣھұըɱɱսͻȻþ˾ı仯
໨ƤǾ˵ȴ塭Щ
һ̾Ӿ˱仯лع໨ƤһʮˣҶʣֻ֮һؼƤ֮˸
Ƥ޴Ȼ΢΢С

Ȼһƺâ˸ϤٻӰԱߣҲ漴ӽһ֪꣬Ѿִ񣬻عˣʱԽɽ硣
纡
Ҷȿ纺о˷ǣֲִУھָʱﵽֲʮꡣ
ʮ꣬жôѣûо䣬ҶǱչ֮󣬺ܶ඼˷ǣ
ÿֲһ֡
һꡭʮһҲԩһ꣬ôֻʣٶꣿ
Ҷ𼸰칬£ʱ仹ܳԣҶȾϲ纺ߣ纣̤ɽ磬УҾҪͻҲҪͻɵˣҪһںϣαչأѾȷԼĵΪҪߵľͷѰԴܣ
ôȷԼĵ֮;ȥƿأһߵ󣡡纺˿˵
þ˼Уǳȥɣ
Ҷһǣ纺Ȼʧ


769 ̤ɽ

Ҷ纺֮ͨУʮʵûҶȸоԼ¶ˣҲһκδڶȫµġ
ƣ󷨣ҶУκζ޷Σʵˡ
Ҷʦ֣
Ҫɽ磡
ܿ˾󷨿ռ䣬ͨӡ鷨߾;ˣ׷վ࣬ǰͿĿ⡢̬ȡת䣬ƺҲʦܣʦ֡
״ӵĵλ
Ҷ֣ǿǰһŶ
߳桢࣬Ȼвٻ˵Ķ棬һֱ͵͵Ҷȣͬһ㣬ŮӣҲҶȵĿеż
ˣҶԱо纺ҲȻҶͶݸ⣬ǵλĸı䡣
ҶԼ֪ɽ磬ŮӶ޲ţеӶͽϵ
˻󣬼򵥼䣬Ц֮󣬾ֱӽڵ鷨߶Ϳеӭʱռֳ⣬˴ظ߲ڸ󣬻شؿռɳ
ڸ󣬶ҶδģΪﵽסףֶɽ
״ӽϽ磬Ҫһʽġ
Ȼ֮⣬ҶȽϽϢϡﻩ͸ϹпҶȽǳΪѩ־ţھɽţϣг衢ڹ
ҶʦܣϽȥЩͬʦʦãݱȥ׼ãϽҲӭ㣬ôͬţ˵仰ɣ
˴鷨ڸߣҶǰĽ˶
ҶһתͿڣнʧˣɽɺеӡŮԽԽ࣬УҶʶĲ֮һֶˣţһ֮ҲһӶ޷ʶ
Ҷʦ֣ϲϲ
ȻһȺӷΪˣԶȺҶһ⣬֪˭ˣܿܿ
μӾɱ˻ŻϫӳΪ״ӣֱӽɽ磬ʣҶȡܿܿ͡ɽ磬ܿܿδҶȡ
ڣҶȳΪӣΪţӵߵλܿܿͬˡ
δҲ̫ʵˡ
ʦܣʦãҶȵӣʾһ£ܿܿʱоһȣҶȵڵĿռ䡣
Ҷ߳ǰӣûڣҲн֮УÿĽĿ⣬ҶһɨУֳΪоҶȵûжٸоĵ𣺡λʦܣʦãʵҶȻֻ½ӣŲǧ꣬ҲҾֺܲ˼飬ֻҪŬУȥĥ̵ģǿ־ȥ˷м裬һվǸߴĸ߶ȡ
žžž
ҰһƬƬ𣬽žɽХĺ
ʦ֣ҵ·ˣ֤һ·Уϣ̤ţΧͬţڸɽ磬Ȼ
Ҷ֣ص˱ȭʩ񣬽鷨ߣֿ˿棬纺ͨɽĴͨ
˾Ŀ˷գ涼Ҷֿѣ̫ǻٴڸɽۡ

ܿɳɽ磬֮գɽӰ磬봫ǿĦҶ纺УȻȻʵѾﵽԽɽ۷壬ÿȥںɽ編ֻҪƬ̾ѹƣ
纣öãҾնɱɵۣа취ɱǶ۾Ȼ취ŪǣҸоʮֵأμʶһаǣ̫Զˡ
Ҫɽ磬ҶȺȻ˵һ䣬Ȼƽȴʵʵָоôأ
Ƕ۾Ҫͷˣܽ⿪ܣкܴ纺Ӧڴͨ£һͷ㷢޷ͬ
Ƕ۾
ɵۣѾҶ˵Ǹ߸ϣ޷ڶݶԻ֮ʱӰƵʧɽ㡣
ֶϢյ㣬ɽ֮أ
ɽ磬ѹȶҶ纺˲ںˣһϤϢһƬռͷų
Ҷʦܣ纺ʦãӭɽ磡
һˬʵԾеմ
Ҷ纺ŴٶȻͼѽϤռ֮Уռޱߣɽ
һʥɽۣ֮˷ɽ硢ɽͬ󣬲벻ʶǸյģƯ֮У羰续ʵ
һȺ֣һ˴£ڿƴʩչӡѴⲻѹơ
ʦܣʦãڸǽ֮£ɹʦʦ´ϲʦܳΪ״ӣɽ磬Ψһӡ
ʧ鷨ߡҽܿʩ
Ҷͫһɨ鷨һΪѴﵽ˽ףɽ磬ӵ޵ʵԽӽ죬ŵʵԽԽǿҶ΢Ц鷳ʦ֣λʦ֣
ͷҴͬŻӭʦܣʦãΪʦǼ״ӣϽҪʢӭʽ֪ʦкҪ󣿡
лʦֺ⣬ʦڣֻҪڲһЩѰ㹻ˡκʽϵ£ҶȲϲһףҪС

Ϊ㵣Щ鷨ߵӣҲƺûϵҶ˵͵֮ˡ
ÿѡΪʦ״ӣǰõĵʦܣ׼ˣ¼һС
һ˲ɣҶȣһ֣Щ鷨߾뿪ˣȻͳʦܣʦת㣬Ϊɽ磬ɱڷڣɱ֣ɱھɽ磬ҪŰ㽻
ɱڡҶȵ⣬ɱڹȻУֱֶ졣
Ͻ˼ʱҪţܹηͷɱڵ£ԻȥֻҪС
лʦֺ⣬ЩҵȷҪıչأϽ֮£ҵǹܲˣʦ֣ȥɽ磬Ű֮ʦָѡһɣԽԽãҪΪζԵ״ݣ
ҶȻһתȻɽ磬Ҫȥɽ硣
ͻȻ
üһɽ磿ΪԼˣҶǿʵɽ磬ҪӵгԽ˽׵ʵҶɽ磬ҲҶй˽⣬̶ǧ꣬ܳɳ˾˰ɡ
ҶȵȻʲô뷨ʦ֪֮ɽ硢ɽ˵ĥɱģҪԼȥã
ðɣӦˣȻĿҶ纺뿪ʣ޾Ȼ


770 ͻƴʮ
ڣʶƯеﶯһ½ءɽͬλó֮С
߽Ϣո֮Ծɽ׵˽ǿ磬󲿷ֶӶ߽ΪɽԶɽᲢ۵ģκʳʥء
ʥɽǧ˶籣˿ֶ̣ӣ˷ۼ
ⶴһλ״еĶˣû뵽ڽ죬ֳΪһλ״Ӷ
Ҷȵʦܣʽ״ӣǼӣɲϴ״ӻһ
ڰ˵ΰɣ
ӣĸеţɽ磬ǶǾɱĥǿߣȺﰵЦ
ԽԽࡣ
ƺһϤϢ
ڵӹעʱͨȻ٣Ӱ绪Ҷ纺̼ͳΪеӽҶĿƺʲôڲϣƺҪҳһϤϢ
Ҷʦܣû뵽Ҹ̤ɽ粻ãʦܾһͻȻһˬʵ
ҶȿˣԷϢֲڤڤܸ֮Ӧԭɽˣᮡ
һۣӵ۲ֶͬȺ֮з󷽸ʮţȴפδա
ʦܣһԵ֣ɽ硭ǧɣʱҾ;ʦܷͬˣ񶼳Ϊ״ӣʦɷѣʦһϢʦܵءˬʵضҶʩ˵Ҳ纺ʩ
ۼңҶһֱڽ٣һ죬ΪУᮣҲǳ;ģҶ״лʦҰܳΪ״ӣʦ½紫ڹھ֮һЩܣʦܵҲɹ
ʦ̫ʦܽǨϲӣкܶҪһ¶ݣشϲ
Ӷ䣬һαУͳգУҶȡ
ʦһ⣬ʦܾˣ֮󣬶ʦںúþ۾ۣʦģ
ҶҲƳ٣ᮣڴˣȻ֪ǳҪӴǰѣС
УҶȾ͸ܵڲ¶ͷһл˼ҶȾ纺ԶԶֱܾò뿪Ⱥ̸Цȥ
ڲһʥɽมɽ壬ʮɽ߼̻Իͣݻɽ嶼ȪֲŴ黨ɲݣɼ֮ǰˣĶôݻ
Ϥͻ£Ҷȱ俪ʼ˶ҲǿЦģҶȾͻʩչֶʵڼ֮ڣ磬粻̣Ǿˡ
æ֮ҶȾ纺һͨɽ壬һʩչŪһУʹ߶䣬ռ俪ʼС
̳Ͽգ纺ʼںϺ֮ģʵ֮ĺ̺֮ؾǼаۺ򱶵Ϣ纺ʼںϣʮƾֱΧݺģƣԿɵ۵ͽ׸֡
ǴĴڡ
̳·Ѿʩչ̫¯ȼţ֨֨žըţ໨ƤֳʮȻ໨Ƥǰе¡
Ҷһʮˣ֮ǰҶȥһֱھ֮Уɱ䣬ﵽеĿֲ֡
壬ͬ纺ĴڣȻҪˣʥҪòнһҶҲ
ʱֹģҶʼ̫¯ȼյȻһץķֵƣһͬӿֳƣ˲ͻΪӿ֮С
ʱ䣬ɽһУĵӣ߲㣬硢󷨵ȵȣһһڲ½ںϣ֮ڣӵɽ硢ɽ硢ɽеӼ¼
һЩ߲㣬ÿӶм¼ȻҶŵӣֻƿأһֻѰϢ
ͳꡭ֮ǰȻɽ磬ȴɽˣΪɽ磬ˣû뵽Ҫȥɽ磬
ڵӣһ壬ʻԺȻ䣬ҶȷһϤӰӣͳ꣬ϧѾɽ磬ڴˣֻҶһΪžӢӣ㲻Ҷ鷳
ѩҲˡ
ֻҪϸ룬һж˵ͨѩ£ҶȣҶȲԸ⣬ѩܾرҪҶȣûбҪ£棬ͳ겻ΪŮˣѩôҪԸ棬Ҳô׵ģοҪѩͳ겻Ǳ
ֻҪһᣬҶо
˼꣬ҶȱһϢһһˣȻͳҶԺһ䣬һӣûǿ־ҶҲֺŵĵز
һ飬ȫס塣
ɱڡɱھȻֱھɽ磬ֶ졭
˿̣ҶȿʼǼɱڶĻϢҶȻǺܴġ
ɱȻǳһɽĸɵ֣½ɱڱҶɱڴѡ½ףֱھ죬潻棬Ҷڱܴ裬ɱڿ϶ǲưڸݡ
пܣɽҲ˵Ͼ޷⿪
²һӾƽϢδ˵ҪŪ뿪ֶĵز뿪ˡʱǿֶʱ̣
һЦҶȾͲĿʼ̫¯ǿʼȼһʮں˲ƽ֮˲ӿȼա
Ϊȼյƽٻ档
̫࣬ͻѾûƿӵвҵĵͻɵۣκƿҪͻɵۣҪףޱȣ
ƽӿƺըҶȸо嶼Ҫƣȼţƽͻͻͻγƽٻ¯
Ѹ͡
Ĺϡ
ৣƽٻ¯ˣ˲ͰҶͭԣһǳɫǳĹâ̺еһ㣬оƽٻ¯ʯɣ̲ơ
¡
ûԥƬֱ̣һȭͰƽٻ¯ϡãͳͳΪ֣Ҷ壬ɾŽһ̣֮Ѹͣǽһںϣûһ˿仯
ô
Ҷȳ˼ʱ䣬ûף֪𵤻ָƽûκα仯ֿʼóӣֱһ£ڱըһ̣ͱ̫һֱɣںϣǰԵںϡ
ԣȻ֪ԺΪεڣʮףɣ
ӣ̫¯Ҷ˲ɵ̫һ


771 ɵ纺
ȣ
ں̫һ֮Уʼ⿪ƽ֮ͷӿֱǧ򽣱ҶΪԲʼҵȼգγɻ溣ҪҶȷճһŻҽ
ɾŽ֮ͻƣҶƺоɾ۷壬ͻƴʮףоһ
ͻͻͻ
ƽٻ¯ˣƽٻ棬ƽ֮оͬʯɳ׷׵ں
ɳɳɳ
ҶͷȻ֮䣬гҲ͸벻֮ͬУҶӵеķƣȻоֵĴ޽ڣһɹȻ΢΢Ծš
Ƿɳɳ
Ŷɳ
ƽٻ¯δȫγɣҶ̴߶޽䣬Ԫָ֮УͷְڶٵĴɳգȻԾţƺɳӦʲôͬϢҪӴ޽ɳ
ô
Ԫ߶޽䣬һӡͰʮԼֱĴɳŷɳ޽䣬ҶϿա
ҶüһƳɳȻԾƺͬϢŴɳɳһʣƺʯɽ֮оγɣֻʯĵطżȻγɴɳ

ϸϸ˼һҶȶδȻͳԽ⿪ӡҪԲɳΪй첨֪ӡոս⿪ɳͷҶȣֳƽٻ¯ӿȥ
ͻ仯ҶȺ޷ǲ´ɳ֮󣬾֪֮ԭκ˶޷룬ɵ۶ܣĽأ˽룬Уһж˵ɳ̺һ
ַҶȣȻͬӦʯһ¾Ҷ⣬һɫǳۣɳϢȻ˿˿ԾҶƤڲ㡣
һֲ̣˼仯£ҶȲδʩչ̫һȥֹ뿴ɳ壬ʲô仯
ȣ
ɲǼ䣬ɳȻӿ֮ȻȻӿ̫һ̫һգ΢΢춯΢ų⣬Ǻܿųʧ̫һͿʼ˳մɳ
ңƽٻ¯ҲմɳϢ
գգɳֻƷΪϢգ̫һѹǶ۾޷Ӧɳڡ̫һȻܸӦմɳϢΪʲôأ
һĻĻ˼ı仯ҶȼֱһͷôҲ벻̰ͨҪƽٻ¯Ĵɳӡʱܴɳۼ˫ȭ
䡫
ײƽٻ¯˲ķѣҶֱ۶ڲƽٻ¯̶̳ȣҶȸовɾͻƾѶȣɵ۾ƽٻ¯֪жôͻơ
ʮף
ƽٻ¯ӴɾŽ׽ʮףûо޴ıը飬ǽһһ̣ҶȾͷֱӡĴɳȻҪŽ֮Ҫڵ¸
ղ̫һһ˿˿Ĵɳûκβ֮ų֮쳣Ҳδ磬ýմɳα仯
ԾԵĴɳҶͻȻһ̫δ֪£ýմɳ
뵽͸ɣ৵һҶ߶£𵤾ʹ¸ɳ΢΢תͣҶǰ
̫̫࣬ðգһɳ
ԪɳӡڣзԼֻСļٴɳذȻ⿪ӡֻĴɳͬӦˣƮȥڲƺҲһ˿˿Ϣɳʮͬ
Ȼһֽʱңңҵܣ޷ʵʵ
ԾҶȾ͸оȫŷŽԾ𵤴ɳϢʱûκų⣬ɳǴֱӾһӿ֮С
Ȼûų⣬ҲûӴɳ¿Էˣ֪մɳ֮ʲô仯
ҶȰʣĴɳ޽䣬ضŽ𵤣һҲżոͻƴʮףڽܽϴ衣
մɳתûʲô仯Ҷȼڲڽڲ֮Уɳͷɳ̺ʯɽľиЩͳͳػΪһ˿һߵӴɳͷţںϡ
ںǻġ
ԼǧȥٵĴɳƺȫݽߣɳȻΪ촷۰ǳʣͬЩںϡ
𽥽𵤿ʼһЩλ仯Ҷȼ𵤵ٵϢ̫γڲĳ磬Ť޵磬Щֳǳ󣬶㣬Ҳһǹ⡣
о𵤣һһ΢ǹ߰ߵ
գ
Ϊ˼Ƿ仯ĵǣҶ̴߶𵤣յڲ̫һȻգû˿ų⣬ңڲ̫һоһصϢ
ָо̫΢ҶȾʵ޷ȥֻϸµȥоӦ΢ڡ
У޷ܣעЩɳܲ仯
оȥ֣ûҳһ˿˿Ҷȿʼ󵨣ץһźĴɳɳոճȻûǰԾֻ΢΢Ķ˶ȻҶȾܸܵɳ̺
ѵ̫һ˴ɳһͶɳûǿҵķӦѵ̫һֻմɳһӵдɳͲҪĴɳ
̫ɻ󣬻Ǿմɳɳɽɵ۶޷ֻҶû뵽ܱ̫һա

̫һסɳ̿ʼֱմɳңɳɺ󣬴ɳҲΪ۳΢ʣһ̫ͬһգһŴɳ꣬ȫ⣬һʣ
оմɳ̫֮һ𵤣ûкܴı䣬ֻ̫һøѡ
ҶԴִˣɳ仯ܱԼգ֮ûкܴ֣˼ãҶȻ޷Ȼ

ڴʱ̳գͻȻһɾİĺ
Ҷȼһͷһɺ⣬ʥ͸ذ纺纺Ϊ󣬻Ϊ˺ˮ뺣֮ںһ𣬶ͷųϢҶȼɵɵơ
ͻɵ۾ˣ̫ˣҶ˫ȭȻ߬
ͼڣϺģϰ纺֮ļֱһ磬纺Ǻĺ
ͻɵۻҪܳʱȥںϺ֮ģҲ֪ΣܲܳںϺ֮ġʱ䣬Ҳֽ䣬Ѵ޽䱦ͳͳֽ䣬޽ռ̫Сˣ
ӿһůҶȱ㲻ȥ纺ڴɳкα仯кϵҶҲ벻ͨԾͲˣһ󣬴ָԷɳһöָ


772 ۵ٷ
öָ޽ǴƶɣֻǴɽɣֶǴɽ֮ϳһɣָգֽȻȻʵʵ޽̺һɹϢ
öֽ䣬ɴƶɣռӦ÷ǳ޴󡭡ҶһξѪֽ֮ϡ
δ
ֽ΢΢һҶͷԪֽ䣬һط󷨣γɿֲռ䷨ھѪںֽʱԪȻռķ򣬾ȻΪһޣ޳ۣӭĸ߸ӡ
ֶۣ
ޡŮֽڲռзĴڣҶȾ͸оһ˫ڿԼһ㡣
޴ɲء
޼˻ף壬𣡡
ⲻֶ۵ֻֽ䣬ȻһڣҶںֽ䣬Ҳᱻֶʱʱ̸̿ӦҪʩչ޼˻׻ʱ
ҶͻȻֹͣ
ͫһ⣺ϵˣǲиֶֽƶɣָƷʱ޷ֳʲôʣҪֶӵиӦֽͨںȥ޷ӹļӦ
̫ˣͷһ麹ںϣӳֶ۲ںϾѪҶȾͷǳڣҺûȫ߶ֽڲͨӡֽ䣬ֶ޷ѰҶȵġ
ֽ仹ҪǲܷκƷͲֶ߲ܵ㻳ɣ
ϧֽ֣޽ص֣汦ﶼԭⲻȻռѾ㣬κʶ¡
໨ƤϵྫɾգҲûá
ǰ໨Ƥǰʮ֮һգƯһҶ˵ϱ
εκαҶ˵޷໨Ƥֵȣ̫һ硢ɽ硢Ȼ໥ںϣ޼֮
κ˵ɽ編ʼУԶҲ߲ɽ뷲߷ҪԼĵߣ֮٣߸٣ʼвɹߣبûй
졢ս
ৡ
߶ѹ໨Ƥ磬ʹ໨Ƥ桢ڲʼһְǻģҪʱ䣬ҲһȥԽԽˮٻ㼯һš
Լʮ꣬ŰϣҶվͷʼֱӰ

壬ҶȾ͸оһͼһ˿ͬϢʼӿѪ硢֮УεںϣҶȲδ߶̫һڻȻںϡ
ǿϢо̫һմɳ̫֮һø䣡
̫һ֮ǰκҶȴ̫ͨһ·һ˿ԣ˵оȻҶȾǴ̫һ̺
仯ǲ̫ˣҲǴ
ٴҶȸо֮󣬱仯Ǻܾˣֻøʵ
Ҷȱ俪ʼץʱ䣬̫޼˻סɹһδ컯ȭʥǹڰ׾޼ս˻ơ龻ֵȵͨ
ҶȴΪ޷򣬻ҪЩͳͳ󣬻໥ںϣҶҵյĵ
ھռҶȲͨҲ칭ͳ󳬼ںںϣ
ͳӣȻʴоȻ̺һֲķ磬ҶаħſѹãŲ֮ͬϧ̫ʴʮƷһɽ糬

Ҷ纺ڵָ֮Уչ֮Уɹʮ꣬ȴӭһ
һռ鷨߶ں濴ռ䣬۲ڶ
½ˣֵ֪εȴ£
Ҳ֪һλʱ˵½Ϊ˸ոսϽ״Ҷʦܶģʲôû֪
ɱйأɱھɽţԭǰ½ɱڷڵˣȻǾǸǰøոսϽҶʦܣ½磬϶Ϊ˴¶
ɱǽŵĽʱڡ
ǧ鷨һȺһȺš
ڽռ롣
ڿռĹ֮Уǰɽֶĸ߲㣬Ϊ߽ףǰ˽ףеϢﵽֲľŽףΣǰÿͿ
ΪһɵۣԾɽ磬ֶʥ鷨ߣɽ鷨ߣһӡ
ɱ¹죬ܰʶȥֶαɣҪÿӣһҪǧСģȥɣҶȹ
濴
̾óһƣһⷨӡһϢγɷȥ
ҵȸǣ鷨߿ʼ׷ȥ
ȥ֮󣬿ռڣֻʣ棬üʵʦ֣ɱη粨Ӱ𣿡
ӰȻСɱڻûӣ濹⣬ʮɱڶŶֻ֣ɱڱʮָӣҲ׿սղ˵ҶȲϽ磬Ҫɽ磿浭˵ɵ۵ȣȥȼġ
ǵģҲһҶʦܣصĺܣɽ磬նɱɱءءءɱӣ˼飬Īǣʵﵽ߽ס˽׵ĿֲزǧǰΪ״ӵϫʦãҲųɳΪ߽ףҶһͬͨɱģϫʦûͨ۹ඥвȲ˼
ҶȵȷѵõţγΪ״ӣҲû뵽Ϊִһž񣬵õһϵӿأλ۾ҶΪӣҶʵֻλ֪
ÿ˵һ䣬Ҳž㵣Ͼɽ磬ۼҶȵģû뵽ϣɳ֮죬̫š
ϡϣ
Ҷͻأشӿռ֮⴫
̴һӡһɿռͰҶȽռ䣬طֻա
λϣټҶк£ĪҪɸ񣿡ҶȽʩ񣬾չأҶȫɱˣһͨʯǿյȻϢ
վԡЦҶʦܣҴӾŶһǸɱϢһ棬Ǵ۴ٷҴϽ磬ۣ
Ҫټң
ʱ䣬ҶͻȻһ£оȫģûȷ˵ֶҪټϾɽ硣


773 ̨ɽ
ֶۣԽаӡҩɾĴڣ鹫ֳۣҲ޷ִ۱ȼ磬վǲ߶ȵľǿߡ
ȻٻԼϾҪֶ޴һһɵϴۣҶȴ˿š
ͬʱھϲ£ȴǲġ
ɱʱΪ½֮£ھɽֶ鷳ȻֶھҪټҶȣһ룬ҶȾȫͷƤ飬Ҫֶ۹Ҷлᡣ
Ī½磬ҶϽ磬ܷģ
Ŀ£Ҷķڵȭʩʵ֪ϴۣΪҪһССĵӣ
һΪ´Ȼ½ɱڷڣ֪ɽȥ߽ǿߣȥءɽΪΪô꣬ɽΪû˸½ȥ½
Ȼʦ֣ϣ˵ɭеδɲСɱڶˣΪ˴£ɱڽ棬ھɽֵ÷зڴ˼Ҳ²͸ӦҪ̻㡣
̻ң
״ӣҶһʹˣֶۼӣĸ֪ΪҶȷ£ֶҶȲҶȾԼ̫̫࣬ڽЩС֡
ͷȻҶǰϽɣɽɽ磬м仹Űɽ磬ҪʱȥںϾɽһĵط
磿
ԭͷڵҶȣ⼸֣Ūøѹ飬ɽ죬ɽ̨ǿ硣
ϴɵۣۣһص硣
ʦܲᴮͨӺҰɣʦܻᣬֻеȴɴϣûҪش½磬ԴۼֽڣҽĨɱ
ԾǱôСģ֣ҶȾһʱеѣɽ죬ҶȾȫʧȥ½ƣھ죬컨аĸɵֵͽɵۣӵնɱӵеʵ
οи߽ɵ۴ڣھɵ۲ܷѹȣҶȾҪȥԿɵ۸֣ڻ޷쵽̶ֳȡ
ǲȥ¾͵ֶˣ֮ǰһŬֶί߾ȫʧȥֵʱࡢ桢纺Ҫ뿪ֶ죬ʥ̻Ҳ޷õֶӻ
أҶȽᲽ̶
ȥ뻢Ѩôƶһ𳬼ۣɽϾˣˣֲּһɵۼǿߣȫûҪ
һ˼⣬ڣҶȹѡԤϵΣɽ죬ֶۡ
ʦܣ½ҪԤɱڣˣ
õҶӦʣһ£ͨϽ촫ͨƿҶȷ֮ͨС
ɵ۾ɵۡ
ͨ̾ʹ߶ͻͻͻ£ͽɽ񷣬Ȼʼ뿪ɽ㣬ͨܵɽѹûһ˿ҡΣ𶯣ƿɽһֱϡ
ɽ졭
ɽ죬̫죬ҶͻȻоΧˣʵޱߣȻǰɽٱҪֲѹôͨٶȲòܵӰ죬
Ҷʦܣɽɽ磬ܷѹȣɵ볬۵磬ɽ絽޽֮أӵеķԼ᲻½ôԣҲ˵һ𳬼۽پɽ磬ǿʩչ۵ʵɽ磬Ҫݺ硣
ΪڸûаϼӣܰΪҶȽ󣬿ԸоҲһվɽ޵и֡
٣Ҷھ磬ֻܿ컨аĸɵ۵ͽɵΪԽɵ׾޷һ߽ɵۡ
ͻȻƿͨҲΪ׼ã
ͻͻͻ
ʱһ¡ձҶʩչ̫һ񣬷ᱻ˶пܡ
ʱҶ˫ͫ˲ҫ۵Ĺ⻪磬ţͼƵģ˺޴磬ƿҶ˲䲽ҫ硣
ž
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԴȻس޴ڵسҶѹȶоˮеһŴʱᱻˮߣҶʵ̺ֱѹڹҪһ㡣
ȻɽԶ˵ĻҪֲѹȣ̶ȣ޷ķ򡭡գ
ҶȾ͸оԼҪ⣬ѹÿҪըǻȣ˲ֱӲؿǶԿֱվɽ
û뵽Ҷȴɽֱӿɽ磬ûܵصķѹȣȻӵɵ۵ʵǱǱֲϴҪֱ̺δ֪Ǳ
ͬػһԣûгָҶȣ֣ҶȸҪ֣ȱٵʱ䣬˶ѣҶ̵صʵȫ߸Ԥϣһ
Ϊڸӭӹ½ţǻûһţ𺳡
ɽķ򡭡˵Ǽ
յҶȣɽѹ̫һ˲գ̺ϷҶֱ𵤣ڲѾı䣬һվɽ編δͻ᲻ϵر仯
硢Ｘ̫һͣɽֱӸҶȹඥ
ʲôҶȾķ֣շ֮󣬾ȻӾɽ֮УһЩ޷ӦҶȱȻ޷Ӧڽ֮γδ֪ϢҶȲŸӦ
̫һҲڷЩ
Īʲô淨ֱմһشӰ춼ûСоǴ֮壬һɵ֮壬Ȼ׾ͰѾɽֱڣ
ԽԽò˼飬ҶУԽԽأûж뷨ܳΪ״ӣĸ츳
ֶҪֵӣֶΪ칬ǵȴڡ
ಣ
ƺﶼҶڣͫҶȺȻվ˾͸Ӽʯɽںϣų⡣
㿴ǰڡ
ʮο뾪棬֣ǰƺɢˣһƬޱ޼ʸյĽӣΧҲƯȺɽأǶûоӸ߶ȱȼ磬һ޴Ľ硣

Ҷֿɽ񷣬缸ٷְٵʣƯģ֮ϣҶȿǿգ䲻ͷͷţڿ֮УܵɵϢ
ЩɵϢ춯أޣһͿԴݿɽʣûзѹȣںޣȥӦЩɵǿߣƿشȨĻʵۣ߸ϡ
Ǿɽ硭͸о뵱̤ɽо࣡
Ҫ¿ʼ㿪ʼ
С̫СԾɽޱߣ漣Ҷȸоھɽ磬ҪϵĥУܾˮ


774 ξ
һӽ֯ɵľ֮Уݷһ޴ʯǶɽ֮С
Ҷʩչӡ˲磬̼䣬ҶȾͼһͨͨͬʱս磬ͬʱֶڲһޱ׳Ķ״ݷʱе춴Ρ׳ۡ
޴죬󷨡硢ռסݷһķҶȾ̫˼飬붴ںһ壬ʵϣĪűһѹţ
ǺǣʦѽǱ߻ۣ֮еʥأǽܱģУһŷϧҶûʸȥʶ治֪治֪ǹҡͷ
ǾƷʮƷΪṩԴԴϵΪʥأôǿɵ۸֣
ҶȾûȥٸʵףϾֶ޴ĵ̣鷨߶ûʸա
ϣ
ڹշУԽһʱһƬĳУȻڣôһУ̫̫ҶȻδüʮӷɹ棬ޱ𾴵ʩ
ÿһӣɵΪҶֻǼ񣬾͸оڲһԷͷ־ܵ˺
Ľ׵㣬רΪŵģ۸˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֮ͬдоͨĵط
򵥽ͼ䣬ʹҶȼУһŷɹУȻͨ
ͨҪһݣܽ룬̤ɽ磬Ϊ״ӣÿһͨɴ󣬲һӣֻշС
ԽһָͨҶȼ˵һЩֶĶȻһ˵սǰͣʦܣţʥֽ磬ֵӣ״ӵȻϴҲУ
ֽ磡
ֲڸ棬òͣҶһʵϣţֵӡ״أ
ȽϣǹŰϴۺ͸ĳϣ״ӵȻҪֵӵλߣеֵӣΪǷǳǿģڣֵ״ȫɡ
ҲʮΪĽͣȻóƣҪʾóӣʾۣҲܴȥۡ
Ҷ˫üŵӣǲѩ𣬻һλǡ
һλξ֪ܺ棬ΪȨͨ졭ΪӣŲΪﵽɵʮף۵ĴڣξǴ۵һλ״ӣʵҲصģѩ״֮УΪڵӣʵҲﵽɵ۷壬Ҳ֪ŮΪţţֻһλеӣΪõϴʮֿأܳΪϴг衣ŵһһһо𾴡
ѿŵӣֶλԽ󣬴ʱ˿̣Ҷͣˡ
ţΪɵ۷壬Ҳɵ۰˽סŽסʮףΪɽ춼޵еĴڣаӡҩɾͬȸ߶ȵĴڣ̫Ҷ𺳣ǽӽ۵ĿΪ
ΪˣĪӵλȻ䳬ԽҶȾ̫ˡ
ֶ죬ŵӣˡ
ţֻξʦӦԵƬ̣ڿڵĵԼʮƺȻһ⣬˸ٷ
Ҷȵͷû뵽ҪϴۣҪͨӣλȨأɵҶʣξʦ֣λʦƢΣ

֪һʣסˣҡҡͷԵ˵ʵλʦ㣬Ƣ治ĥ֪ˣֽҿԽȥξʦһֱأû뵽Ҫٻȥֻͨ
ϣ鷳ˡ
ҶȽһڣҪֽ磬Ҫ֮һ
½磬·ˣϽţʱ·ˣֽ㣬ȥɣξʦѾ˴ͨ
˵֮䣬Ͷֽһӡֽ̳һڣҶ֮󣬾ͻͨ
ٿٿ
ͨоһ磬ǿٱʮֹϣֻ޷ֽĻͨκηӡһλǿ֣ƿصͨ
֪λξʦ㡭ҶԽѹȣƺʱʱ̴ֽ̿磬޴ڡ
ৡ
ͨڴҶȲϵشͻȻ仯ҶȲûʲôףǽͨȻγɼΪķӡҶȷ֮ʱҪѣѾˣ˲ͰҶȲסԷӡҶȱ˵ѣǶһ¶ݳ޵ġ
ʦ㣬֪ʦкðʧ֮
޷ѸͣҶ̾ͷ̿ķ޷գ侲ʵ
˵أ
һѵŮ֪ﴫݶĪ⡣
ǡ
ĺȻ֮䣬Ҷ˫ĿһݣٴУ㵡޷ŵĸĿ⣬Ҷͫ˸š
Ů㻹ɵâҶȣ˵Ҫɱ㣬˵ܼ򵥣ɱ㲻һֻϰˣ
һ麹Ũü֮ϣҶȫֿ޷ӳȥӵСǧܣ֮ǰз£񱻶ԷƿأѾʧȥȻֻ䳰һЦǣû뵽û뵽㾹Ȼξֶŵξʦ㣡
̫ƻˣɣ
ŮͻȻٽͨ৵ʧҶǰɽˮһȫðɵĹٵرס빬һ޵ĿռǰһϤŮӰ
Ůһۣһֻȸʯ۶ɵı֮ϣúɴ棬ǵǸڵ򣬲ɱҶȵŮӡ
ŮҲֶŵ֮һξ
ξ߸ϣͫȻĮ䣬һɵ⣬ƳһҶȣΣܣб£ٴӳȥһΣҾͰλãø㡣
ʦڿЦɣ㶼Ϊһ˵ھɽ磬һٸңҲʦһָͷ֣벻ҪҵЦϣȥǶ̴ȣ
Ҷȳ˴֮һӡ
ɵƲˡ
ξˣòУȴûжһ£ָ΢΢һ̧סҶȵ˲ʧʦļӣҲҵʦܣɱκˣҲԲɱ㡣
ɱңԺңҶȻֽţͰ仰ˡ
군ˣҶôӴҲ⣬һĵ£Ŀˡ
ֻѡ£òͷҶʵдգ˭ãǸĳŮӣȻξ


775 ֶ
ţλԽξҶѾʧȥκε̳룬ֻǰûкء
֪ξ㻹ô侲治֪֪һתҶʦܣ
ʱգֻҶȵĺξǰߴͬʯ̶ɲҡ
֪֪ˣʦ㣬֮ǰҾ֪ҲͲѡϣϽֲá
֮䣬Ҷ𵱳棬ƺ˽ξ񣬽˵ȥݣȻҶ˽⣬ξȷʵǸ׽Ůˡ
ʮΣյһŮˡ
㵹ֱֱ˵棬Һ㣬㣬һ㣬һֱ㣬ʿ֮թ޳ɣ
ξףһ֣һʡɶ칤ĴճҶԱߣ˵
лˣ
һƨɾȥξ˵һ̣ҶȫԼˡ
ξҡҡͷȻԵ֪ͨʦԵһʦήͶӰ㣬Ҫֶ֪죬״ӣֵӣ鷨ܼʦˣûʸ񣬶ң㻹ǴɣҼ֮УʦǵһνӼһɡ
ʦܵȻޣԺ󶨵ԴΪţΪͬţͿأҶֿʼίߣţƭգ۾
֪ƣҶҪٰڳһƲ˵ӣɵӣξɱĶУϾԷţɽĸ֣ͬΪһʦξôҲҶҶô
ȻѵһǿԵģ˭ҶƤ̫ˡ
ͻȻһ˶û˵ξȻŷˣ鹫ˡ
鹫ӣʦ㣬ҵʱû¶ֶ֪ӣҲҵҰɣ
⵹һϢŵҶһһģ鹫ǿߣξ񶼲Ƕ֣ҶȺԼ鹫ǰ϶㲻ϡ
ǳصģ
ξһᣬƺ鹫ǰֳ˿Ƶģߣͨ޵У֮߳Уץסҵһ˿Ϣͨ𣬺ܿҵҵĴڣ㽵һ־ңǲǵһ֮ҽ
֮
ʱҶͼˣ鹫Ҫһ໨ƤǿĴڣ壬໨Ƥȷʥģеĳܵ𾴣Ҫƻĸŭ
ܿóңаӡҩɾ˴ɵۣͳͳ鹫ʹˣ㵱Ǳؾôãֽ뱦⣬ʦܣɱңʮɵ۶ûеõıƽ޳ʧҪСģ鹫Ӳ֪ΪΣ޷ϢȻҪùˣʦҲһ㣬Ķӣ֪ǺεȵĴڡ
ξǵЦ˵²ؼ߸߹
ȻҲңǾԶҵҡ
ҶһľսҪʩչͨɱϢ˲Ϣȫת䣬ûܲһл龻ֻ֣ҪʩչֶΣ鹫ҪԶ⣬ҵҶȲס
Ժ̫˳ǣ򡭡
ξǵҶһûҶ˵Ȼξ˫ͫһʹâ΢΢ԾվҶҲòվʦܣʦٶ
ֶۣҶ嶼ֱ޷һ¡
ڣһֱҶԺ֮ȥվɽ۷ֶۣҪ٣Ȼֻ־뱾޶ٲࡣ
ৡ
֮ϣȻһʥ⣬ʥѩٶʥɢռÿһ䣬ҶȾ͸оʥе־ڲ鿴չ龻֣ܣض٣Ҳ֪
Ϊֶ۵־̫˼ˣͬΪ۵鹫ӣ־Ҳûаٷ֮һǿ
ҺþָʱϣȻѾˣ龻̫ǿ־ѾɨҶÿһ
ңϽ뿪ɽ֮ʱҶȰѾ纺¶ᱻֶΪ̫ףҶȼǿĴڡ
ܺãܺá
һ޴ڣںϹϵŮʥ֮дݶ
ʦ
Ҷȼʦ𣡡
ξʩʱҶҲʩ
ҶȣܺõӣǱۼģ˳֮⣬ǿĽҲ޷ȻΪΪʦһɽ֮ٵĺͽ
ֶ
ͽֻΪ룡ξ񹧾
޵ٴγֻ֣ʦͽˣҶȣص̫ۼȻΪӣǾҵĵӣվڳ߶ȣ޷ģʦ͸һǶ裬ɹҪأ䲻ÿ˶ĵˣ㼴صΪʦҲ֪ǡ
ξɴ˫ͫҶȵ￴ʲôߣ
ʦ
Ҷһ̣ˣڳǰΣ̫޼˻׶ǲ˼ֶҲֻܲԣȴ޷ҶǱܡ
ֶ۲Уܡ
Уֶ۰ܿ߰˰ˣܼװȥ
ҪúŬҶֻǴɣȴںԣƺûָɽ磬Ϊʦδʦ˴ڣ㣬Ϊʦϴںϣ޷ʦȣ˰ɣΪ½磬ʦܷˣ
ֶ۵Ҷȵ棬ûҶȵ˿ֱѵξͬһ͸޹ػ
Ҳߣ
Ҷȴʱ鵹־ϲֶ۵棬ξܵ˵ϲϲֶ˲Ԥֻ˵һ㣬ֶӿȫҶȶֶ죬ϴ۵Ĳɡ
ĳһ϶ֶۿܣֿڴɾںԣ㣬ֶû˿ûκҶȵĲֶ֤ɽǿߣѿң˵֮УҶȵľ޴أû˿̰
Ϊһŵףֶ۽磬ȫ˵ΪΣɽֶۡ
ҪһݷҶûʧȥǣõ˸߶侲
ʦͽŬģξֶ쵱Ҷȵ棬һ⣬̾͹ʾ
ҶȣҪúŬ·ſʼܶŶ˲ҫ۵ǣϣǲ䲻գţ㷴һֶҪȥУΪʦҲǸʲôలʦܴһЩ£񣬰ʦܵģĥøӼ̣ΪʦͰʦܣʱ㸺ˣֶͻȻξ
ξҲΪ㵣ͽʦʧ
㽱ҲҪΪʦ֮ǰǰһһͷķֻҪǳۣһ㳬ۣһͷţͿʱռͨƿؿռ䣬лߣֻһΣúðգ
ৡ
һķʥ֮н
ʦξһ̼æ͡


776 

ʥ֮нĹϷȫҶȣʥʧֶ־ɢȥҶȶˣס̸ܵޱߵĿռϢͷųˡ
磬ֶǸʱδԽСǧĿǰɲǷӡգӡռ䣡
СǧҶڣص˵
𣿿ֶ۲ûƭˡ
СǧܵҳԽСǧĿǰͼʵǲ˼飬һһ
û뵽ʦ˿㡭ξص£Ȼ飬ʮȻǳĶŭ
ʦ㣬ΣڻĨɱң
Ҷ֮󣬵ʮ㣬ξʵ
㡭ʦ뷨Խ֮ǰԤϣû뵽ĵߣ֪һߣжôףֲʦôƫ̻㣬ɱ׮£ҲΪĵ̶ˡ
ξȻҶû취ˣΪ߸ϵţҲ侲֮ǰǰĮʾһ߹ӣǿߵɱ£ֵźܲܵ
Ŷ̸ɱڣξҾͻΪΡ
ξҶȣﾡŭɱھɽ磬ܰԵʦ˵ǲѵʱ򣬲ɱַʦô˵ȥ£
ʱûôԶȻʦҵģҪĨɱңӣô᲻˼֣
ڳҷ𣿡
ʦ㣬ʦܣʦĸҶʦ㷢𣿡
ʲôˣﲻ֪жٹƣǲǻţҪ𣿡
˵ξ̾ͰѶҶƫ̲ղһСŮ˶ǣʧͫ⣺ºôҲɱǲܷ½֮£²ãԺ½ŵӣʱʱ̶̿Σա
ĬһξЩȷǺأƶֶ̫ˣ´ҶȣҶԳһ䣺һһ˵ʱɱڣҲôģ
ž
ξȻŭɶҶŭգ߱־͵һģըøһһ˵б£ӺͲҪΪ죬̳ȥɱڵˣʱʱ̶̿ţȥ˵ʲô³

̫ҶȲ仰ûУеǰ£ѡ񵥸ɣε̾̾
ߣ֪λкأãٵˣỹ칬ִߣǿǷǳϲվɱǷʦ칬£һֱûǣ
ξˡ
칬칬ִߣأΪ칬Ҷȸоˡ
롭
ξĬͷϣһãҪΡ
֪ͲϽˣ̯Ҳֲҡѣ뿪ֶ죬û취ѡ񡣡ҶҲĬͷҲˣû뵽ɱôأ֮ǰûоΪûмֶۣݲһֶĵӣǰͿ˰ɡ
֮
ξƺ˼ƻ̧ͷҶҲܵ̿ξĿʵʵңǱڶ󣬴ﵽɵʮ׵ĵز
Ŷ
⵹Ҷȸܵ⣬֪ξ뵽ʲôͻȻ⣬Ƽ򵥣Ҷ治ûشǱ̫󣬹ؼжξ񣬻зŮˣʱпܳɱ֡
ôʱ㻹˽ξĶŭˡ

Ҷ˿Ʋ뷨ξ޷Ԥ֪ΣգҲҪиѡ񣺡ʦ㣬һǧ꣬ܶԿɵףǧꡢǧ֮󣬴ɵ۸߽ʵ
ģ¿ɺãξʼ֪ŪҶ˵𺳵ȫһű飬ûһ˿һš
ҶȰհ֣һӿˮʦ㣬Ҫλش㣿һشˣ㲻š
ѡ㣬ҲҪΪĻش𣬶ģǾȥɱڴõģҲҪ㽻ǣ
ξͻȻͷһȫҶûзӦ£סҶȣȻһӣһٷ磬ವһ˾ʧʿռ䡣
֮⣬֮ϣһʥ̨
ʱһˣӴЩ˸Ǹ߽ɵۣһǾɽǿߣЩǿɱɵۼɱӡ
ߣоˣҳǣٱŲǾ½ȥͬǵ½ţɱӡ
ԣԣ͸ôɣŮӣǾˣ֮󣬾ȥ½磬аħ
ɱɱʥ̨һֶһû˳֣һɱ𣬸ֿԻﲻڶƺֶǰͬƵģԼ̤û˿ɵ
ݵ÷
ӿһƬӰͷߣ棬·ɱɱֶ죬һȣΧ鷨ߺ٣һЩӢӣɵǿߡ
棬
ɱɱ֮УͻȻһˣݷŲƣ˲Ϣ֮ͳ̳һɽռĴɱ֮⡣

δԱһӣͻȻһǰһӣ˿ռΪɱ֮ײ
¡
ɱڸӣ˭ûռݾƣڿнָɣ봦ǹ
һ֣ͰѹȥԼһֶ죬ֲҰ
ܱȺͷڹǿִ۳ɣ
ɱӣײСаؿЦ
žžž
û⼸£ͻȻӿһʹâɱվǰ֣شһơ
ɱӣ
ɱں棬ͻȻһţɱǰɱӣÿʮ߳ΪߣȻһˣһۣ˫ָȻɱڵλߵĴڣʧȥʹâЦһɹֵӻ״ӣֶտҪɱһˡ

ʥֶ̨ⷽգȻһȣξҶȣسǰ
ξ񡭡㣡ɱɱӣξ˲ϳݡ
ξӸ£ɱʶҵˣٺ٣ɱڣҲǳϻǸ߲㣬
ɱɭȻɱʮˡ
Ŷɱʮˣʮɱû뵽ôߣɱʮɱһλԴɱˡξҲΪһ㶣ʮɱӣƺ˵Ҳͷ쳹һ
ʮ˴ˣСӡ˽֣½編ѹ£½ڵҶȡ
ͻȻ߳ɱӣòһͻŹڵɱҶȡ
ɱʮ˵˫ֱָҶȣĺãξСӴ콻ɱֶûжԹϸ𣡣
ɱʮˣҴҶǽ㣬Ҫ㣬ɱеǧɱɳһλţȻΪֻɵףҶȵŵ棬һսӮˣǲ׷֮ҶȻʤɱԺҲ鷳ҲҴӦ
ɱʮˣһɭɭɱӣֶЩ֣ξȻ˵ôһʯ쾪İ취


777 ƵϢ
ǧ󡭡Ȼѣ֪ҶΪǴʮףǣǧսɵף⵱Ȼʯ쾪ˡ
ɱɱҲһɱʮˣĿ˸޻ɣܾξ취ƺһı
ֿվһҶȣҶϢȫǴʮף̺ķûһ˿Ϣ˵ɵϢ͸ɣξɵӣܰװͳôһڱԡ
ˣֵܸұ֤һǴɣɵۡҶɽսغϣ޷սʤҶȵɵۣͲɱʮϴӦֶĽ취
κ˿һɣھûзѹƣ˵ǧ꣬궼ܣʮ껹࣬Ͳȥ⣬ɱӣΪɱڽս
ɱʮһ̶ˮû˿
ʦ㣬ɱʮ˻ӦɱռƣܲӦɣ
ֶﰲȴţɱֶ⽻£Ϊ鷨߻ǾӢӣ쳣עɱڴ𰸡
֮ϣҶȾһƷƲɣϴܣɵ۵磬ɢȣһɸӵеġ
ʮɱӣɱµʮɱӣֵӣĸһǿߣ֪ɵۣУɱʮˣȻʮɱһλҲǺ˽⣬϶һֻյĺꡣ
ǲӦӦáʲôʦܣ㿴˰ɣҲϣǧܳΪɵۼ֡
ξʱ˿̣ȫһŮӣһĴܣ½磬鹫ӡаӡҩɾЩɵ۽棬ȡƣ˵Ǿ˴˵Ůˡ
ⷬҶȻѡôǧûѡû·
ãɱʮ˷·ץסʲôȻͫһݣξղǸ취ǲϣǧСӽ֣Σ

ֶеӣһסˡ
ֵξһȣòɱʮˣȻ˶ĻּǿߣҲɵ߽ʵ˵ʮҲпܣʵΪȻҪҶȽ档
ҶҲ˲ԷҪ֮أ޷ᣬɱʮˣӦɱ¶
ֶ㵨Ӷûа
ҶȽֵɵ۸֣ĳ䳰ȷлᣬҪֶ޷
ɱʮˡ
ξ֪²ð죬ȻյҶһƳȻһЦͿɱʮˣɱɵۣɱʮˣһɵ۸֣ʦܣһɣ飬ȥҪЦǰʦΪ󱲣ɵȣʱӺǧ꣬Ҳǧʦܹƽһսȵ𣿡
Ҷˣǧ꣬ã͵ǧ꣬Ա˵αչأ͹ȥˣξ͵ǧ󣬿ΰСӵֶ棬˺ķѣƤȡǣ

ɱʮһЦ²һɵɱӣڶȥֶ콻棬ȫռϷ磬˴ˡ
ҲǰƽǰһɣܶԿɵ߽סʮ׵ǿɽ缸еˣţɱʮ˸ӲţţǶķ裬ɱӣ伫ֻҪܴĿģŲʲô취˭
ڣɱǰֶ潻棬ץסһλᣬݺھɽ磬ֶڽ¡
ɢȥƺ⣬һ֣Ӣӣ׷װҶȼסȻת
֮УξҶȣͫһĨǿҺ棺ʦܣǧ꣬Һܺ棬ɵ˵ǧֻһָŵʱ䣬ģ
ôѹϣʦ㣬˵һѡֻҪʦӦڰءɽУҾǰ󣬽ɱʮͷ­ժɽûпռ䣬ɽɵ磬ĿǰҪһʺңֲҴ޴ѹĿռ䣬ɽʺϡ
ϣʱҪңҪҽɽУʦ㣬ССҪӦôӦҰɣ
ҶȿͰ͵˵
㵱ʯĳϣҶⷬҲԺҪԼȥɳ£ʲôҪ󣬴ӦǣʦܣǧҲ㣬ҡ
ξһƺŲưʧ
ʦȥˣǸоξв̫Ůĺ룬Ҷ޷͸ģΣյŮˡ
Ҷʦܣϲϲϴۣξʦϵ˲ǳ㣬״ӪֵӪӾͺùˣҪ֪Ӫ
ĿξȥԴҶȱ顢ȫˣ֮ǰҶҲǼ״ӣΪɱ֮£滹ҶȲΪصӣҶѾ״ɡ
״ӣҲ÷չܵһƣӾͲùˡ
Ҷ˼Щ̾Ͷ汧ȭϣҶȵ鷳æϣʱ䣬ʡ纺ʦôѰɽ硭
û⣬ʦҲҪȥɽ磿
˺ð£Ʒˮ𣬹ȻԭӽϽ磬Ҫһ㿼ˣҶһ仰͹ϴӦˣƺ˵õϽ磬ȫСһ׮
ڻҪȥʦ㣬һȥɽϻϣ¾鷳ϣҶȸˣ
ವһҶȾʧˡ
ھɽ磬ǰ˲ʧӰ١澪ˣһֱҶȵ½ţڣȻӦҶϢˡ
ɽ磬һƬɽ֮С
龻֡
ƿصɽԶľɽһƬƯɽ֮У̫¯ȼգžɽҶգһʮɾ޴Ļ龻Ͽգת
ϵתʱ޺˼ҶȲעر龻֮С
ˡ
ȥ龻ֺȻһһɵѪɫڻ龻ڲ֮˸š
˵ҪȥѰĸµĵָɵʵɽ硢ɽ綼δӦϢնһɽңԶĵط
ԭҶҽڣ㿪棬ʩչСǧصĵطʩչ龻ֲΪжΪ˸ӦնħϢ
նϢûУѪɫϢȴԾ
ƣƹȻɽ磬ȡսףϢһģ֪̤Ͼɽ磬ͻӦȻ޷ҵ䣬ɽ磬ضȡһսףҲ⣬֪ӵ˳ɴ۵ĴУﵽǿزȲն磡
龻ȻתӦħϢҶϣٻʱ䣬ӦնϢǷھɽ硣


778 ͳ
ϧҶΪ̫Ǵɾ磬ӦնϢʱȻƣɵۣʩչ龻֣ҶȿӦ֮أն첻ھɽ磬ҲԸӦ
龻ѧɾɵ۾ǳ۾磬ҶҲ޷ӳ龻ͨ˻龻֣Ҳ޷ʩչǰ㲻˼
Ѷȣ컯ȭһҶȭʽȴ޷ӳ컯ȭе
ǽ󣬻龻컯ȭЩͨӳ׵ͨ
ʮ
ˣ龻ֻ޷ӦնϢǵڵĴˣ̤ϵڣҵ磬ǵɽ磬Ȼң
龻ֲҶܿƾܿƵģͨ޳ģ龻ֲʱʱ̶̿ǰӦ˲龻κΣգףô棬޵Ҳɡ
統ɽۣ龻־û˿Ӧǡ֤龻޳ģ仯
Ҷʱ䣬½ٶȣҪࡢ桢纺ɽ磬ʮɣ̶ʱ䣬ҶѾ޷ʲôֻͷŽ𵤣ýվɽ編ɽ嫵
ʱ䣬ֻʣٶ꣬칬ӡ꣬һҪﵽӵɵ۵ͽʵ
칬£ҶһֱûǣǶ˵Ǳɱʮǧ֮ԼҪҪ£ǧ꣬Ҷȫģﵽɵ۸߽ףնɱɱʮˣٶȥӪ
ȫûġ
ͥǷ칬ľ޴ȫԽһĳһɣҶ£ǺǶԽԸ칬ǵʥ̻ᣬް
ҶҪġ
ʱˡھȥɽȴ纡
Ҷ죬壬Ȼ̶ʮûУǽȴں˾ɽ뷨򣬱øأݷǾɽϵǳ̫һȴûжٱ仯
Ȼ߶СǧͿʼ·ɽȥ
κʹԽ˾ɽʣ磬СǧԽ׾٣Ҷʵɵۣں֮£ܿͽɽգϷУ׽ɽ硣
ɽ磬Ǹ߽ɵݺ磬ڰɽ磬ӵ컨аĸɵ۵ͽɵۣͽɵҶҪԽĶ֣ӶͳԶٷҶҪǿʵڰɽնɱɵۣΪβھɽԭ
ɽȷе̨ûɵʵھɽֻ·һ
ɽɽ޴󣬵ɽ磬һһء
ҶӰڿɽ磬ɽϿգóƣ߶ʱ͸Ӧλã̷Ӷȥ
֮ϣǽһƯƽԭ֮ϣ󷨽໥ƣɼ̺ʵҶʵ޷ǿдƽ磬ɵңίʵˡ
ɵףҶ⡣
ҶȲδϽ򣬶ʩչ龻ָӦһû纺Ϣͣȴ
Լ֮󣬺Ȼ龻־ԾĵϢϵǿңҶһЦ̷գ·һճֳȥֵĴͨ
ಡ
Ӱ֮شֳͨΪߣ棬ࡢ纺˳纺ûܵɽ編ѹȣͲһˡ
Ӳʵɽ磬ܵѹȣʮ־ˣ˶򵥣纺һ˺ܿϰ߹
ϣ鷳ˣҶǷ飡
Ҷգƽ£ҶȾһ֮һ߳㳯
Ҷʦ̫ˣҵķڰɽ磬ΪߣѽڽǣҾͲλҪúУǾɽ磬ڵǣ
޵֮·ԶһЦ˾ͳȥ
ΧҶ֣ģڸ˵Ѿϴۣ֮һξ񣬹ϵҲҲ״ɽ磬̤ɽ磡
ٴμˣҶȱжονϵðײã͵ĴңŪɽ磬һ𣺡״ӣžǵλξ񣬲ԩҲͷǵڵҳֵĺŮˣ
纺һɱξֻû뵽Ȼš
ԣŮĻֶۼм䣬ҲֻܸɵҶѣˣȥЩ鷨߶ɵۣӦɽ磬ĿǰܴУ
Ҷȳ纺ͷ̴ˣǰӶȥ
һ۵糸֮ܿ⣬ոմ߶ƣһȺ鷨߾ʹӽڷɳȻһɹɵӭ
ǡ
Ȼŵһ䣬Ŀһ鷨ϡ
Ҷ̾ͷԣҲӦˣ׷׿鷨ߣҶ˫ͫһͳꡭȻɵۣ
Ƿ鷨Աߵ꣬Ҷȵ̤ɽ磬ھ¥֮Уĳ֣ͳꡣ
ɵۡɵˣ
ƺһӴסˣҲ׺ܶ飬ֲͳǧһֱûжûΪԭͻɵȥˡ
ͳͼҵˣܽɵۣ϶кܴɽ˵
֮֮ͳҲãҲգǵ˾ɣһһΪҵ
ҶɭɭһЦŴӭȥ
ӭӭҶʦܣ״ӡ
һ鷨߸ҶǰͿҶͬδ֮ǣõ˹עֻͳꡣ
λʦֿҵȳɽ磬ϣλʦֶЩ鷨߶ɵۣȻĽύҶҲƳ٣һʶ
ʣ֮£ˣ
ͳǰʩ
治Ȳ䣺ˣϣģ
漫Σ޷ŭʱҶ鷨ߣͳǰˣҶȱȭ˵ʦ֣ǧ꣬û뵽ڰɽ磬ԸʦԺţϣʦֶա
ǰᣬʦʶǰЩСᣬλʦܣʦϽŴӣϣʦһᣬλͳƺԸҶȣǼˣҲ޷⣬ȻҶˡ
ǣּȻǾͽһͬμӡ鷨ߣŻᣬ׷ױʾ
ҶȴӦˣʦλʦʢ飬ãʦܵ˾͹ֻϣȥźһУܷλʦۣ
˵ǣʦ
һλ鷨߳鷨ߵͷҶȡ纺桢
С˵־ȸҲˣлҲ߹ʺˡ
ͳ꼵ʡԹš


779 
Ϊࡢ԰˵Ҷ纺Ȼͬһ֮Ҷȱȥμͳ֯ᡣ
ʶپӢӣŵӣŽ׾ʮףɵҲв٣ȻҶ֪ͳһֱڻԼҲֻίߣἸʶɽֶ
֮Ҷ˾ͷֱص
纣ɽȸʦȻ½磬õΰһҪȥ
Ϣ죬ҶȾݱ纺Ҫȥȸӣ纺Ҷнӹָһͽռ䣬ҶȼڵֶΣóȸ½罻ϵٷעһ
Լ˼죬ٷһ𣬲ҴգһֵֻٷҶȸʼһͨϽ룬һɹɵܼ
ɵۼӣ룬ûֻٷ·ҶҪҵȸӵܣʩչ龻Ҳ޷ӦΪ磬ȻҪܵѹӰ졣
رһ
ͨͷٷʧˣӿһ⣬ҶȽһƬڣ̾ͼһʻʢȺ
ʦܣ̫Ҿ˰ɣżδ㲻ɽ磬Ϊϴ۵״ӣ߶ٷһڱչ֮У֮ҲƿأҲ½硣
ȸȻѰˬӶһƬ£ȸ̤ƶΧϷ֡
ɵȻȻȸ֮ͷųأڰɽɵƼ޷ѹƣҶʩ񣺡ʦ㣡
㶼״ˣʲôȸӽҶǰˡɾ˫ͫ˸ŴȻͫ⡣
ֶʲô࣬Ů̫࣬ȸˣҶҲֻܱĿ⣺ʦܼ״ӣȴҲʦʦܣ޷ıʵⲻʦһţʦ㣬ʦʥ̻ᣬάṩѵõΪ̻ȹһδѹء
ҲṩʦɳС£С£οǻӮ˵ǿŵӣǰҴæ߰ɣʦúù䣬һûʲôˣվԽߣԽ״ӣԺҪСģ״ӪֵӪĦȻ״ӸǴ۹ŵӣֵ֮УҲвʵ֮ţؼϴ۲ȥںЩС¡
ȸӴҶȿʼԵȻӶջߣݺ
ڹ͵ʱȸӲҶҪСڶҶ̫ȸһѣ֪ڶ֮еҪ
ڴͻĽҪͷˣɱɱʮԼս֮£ղҲѸˣ㵨Ӵ󰡣㿴ʦ½磬Ҳȥ½ţ㵹Ǻãֱɱɽš
ɽڲһ֮С
֮ȸһ䳰
Ҷһӿˮֻһζ˵³çҡҡͷɱһλҪѣûءءɱڷڣѾĳɱҪһԶʧǸɱʮˣǧҶ޷в
ҲãԼãҪȥɽ磬칬𣿼ȻˣҲ½ȥҪСɱʮɱӣһĺʵɵ۸߽ס
ȸѼ䣬Ȼʲôʵʦ㣬Ϊִкε񣬲״ӵģ
ҶֳưͳԻ
ȸͬСŮֻǵƤʣ˿ûбҶȼƣڰ֣ããʦ㲻㣬ܣǾɽֱ´񣬺øʦܣʦÿһΣΪһΣʹ޾ϲ治֪´μ㣬жྪȣ
˵Ҷͷ֪λشȸûʵˣǵõĳɽ磬оɱʱа̡ħŶְɣǶҵĶݣҶ½֮±ȽǰãŶҲ˰ɽΪ
ݣ
·ͷȣҶȻһ亹ӱ£Ҳɽˣʦ㣬ݺܲ򵥣֮ͬУǿһǶҾѧս䣬̫ˣ⶷ݻǶǿתɳٶȻᳬԽҡ
أᵽ⣬㣬ǲֶΣѹаħȻǶݶ֣аں϶ҵͨһѹơȸƺҶ֮оڸ֣һ׻
ʦ㣬ʵʦܵõһϹŵʮƷӵѹаϢͨҲǶݶ֣ʦ㶼ͬš
Բ˵ʵȸֻǺϵԷϻͷҶֻͳ¡
Ҳˣȸӱɵۣ𲻻ע½֮£ͻȻɱǶħб飬ɲɵ۵磬ҵط׼ɽٲǴ¡
ܲܰʦãȻҶϣȸӺȻС˵˵붯ղܡ
Ūˡ
ʦ̣ʦܴʦҪʱʱɱЩһ
ҶȵȻͳӽȥȸɵۣұиǿʮӳԱҪоҶӵаħľܣҶȿûӹˣֻһͷʹģίܾ
ʦмá
ȸӲȨѹˣ˵ĸ֣ΪìܣȻ뵽ʲôӣҪʦһҲԣʦõʦһڰɽ罨ʥ̻ᣬΣ
̻ᡭʦ㣬ղ˵ҶͻȻ䣬оԴ죬Ȼ
ΣҪæҲЩܣĪǣҲ֪ȸӲףҶ½Ϊλ֪ҷӦ˻ɣ֮ͫɻ
ǿϹȻаȴȻǴܲ𣿡
ҶҲøղǶԷɣװһԵģϣȸɻ
ŶֲôӦȷ˵ȷʵδɽֹ̲ҵЩ㣬ȴħһϢħҪռǮ޷ģԴһɱŵĲħӻԸóһζӵһһֱ취ȡаһɵѹģһմϣǻᱻĥҿɲմѹȥͷˣֱҲŰϣϣû뵽ʦ㿴ϣˡ
ȸе˵ҶûκֶҶȸûõ


780 Į

Ҷڲϼӿ죬˵ͣĵôһ㣬ɽ½ѰңɽҲȫѹס̺ܵõ˵ɵ۶Ⱑ
ŵ壬ϵңҶо԰գɽ磬ȫںɣҲһ
ҵǺ棬ɽۿǸħӣǺηʥռѵҲںϣɣ
Ҷɻš
ʦɺˣͷһ㣬ʦȥһˣֻҪ߶Ǽľͽʦ㣬ʦ㲻㣡ȸӼҪҶȣǶĿ⣬˹ͷ
ҶͻȻ˫ͫʱȸǰ֮ϣ̲סʦĪҪٺ٣
ž
ȸֱҶԴһȭʮŭ㵨ӲССҰڳǰûһѺŮˣðɣ㲻ʦ㣬ʦҲˣ

ʦ㣬ʦˣ˵ʦʥ̻ᣬҪʦչˣðɣӦˣҶȴæͷ
֪õҶȴӦȸͻȻͻָƽģЦӦɲܷڣ
ԭʦըҡ
ŮƱ䣬һСˣһһ޹ҷƢҶȱˣҲ»õҪȸӶһ
ȥĮõ֮Ҿȥɽϻ£ɽ繫ʢȸֵ
ȻҪȥģĮʦ㣬ĮɽͼϿǿͻߵĽأɽһλħͷ֮أΪ
Įطɽ缸ܶ˶֪ڹżɽͼ꣬˽֪
˶֪ĵطȻ
˽⣬һ壬Ǵ׹ͳΪƬаħڷѰңаħħҲǵõеģаܣаħõҲõģ
ȸӽĮΪһЩɢˣס֮أγһɲʵ򵥾ɳˣɳȾ綾ȥ̽Ѱ֤ʮа˾ž
²˳٣ȴʱ䲻ˣѣʲôûȥʶϴҪҶȹҽվ
úã֮ǰܲܰǼóȸӺȻһҪ
Ҷһȸ¹ȻСģ̷һץһɹϵķϢˣͳӣɣ
ǡʮƷȻʮƷΪڹżûнܣϢȷƺѹаħ־
ȸǰ޲˫ȥ飬Ӷ켤õֻóһаķӴͳӡ
ž
аոսӴͳӣͱͳΧƵϢӦһ̲ס˲䱬ըˣаʼҪںˡ
ô򵥡
棬̫ˣֲܶݽ֣óȥ޼֮ʦɰҴæ֮󣬲ܳɹõҶҪúý㣡ȸѹϵĳʯʧˡ
Ϊͳа̲֮ͳڲ̫һ
ҶȵЦˣһͳӾģΪϹʧ
ಡ
ͻȻͷɵۿֲϢߣһҲûУӵɳȸǰ
ɵۼĿܣ
߲ޱ飬̫ˣҸӦҶȾʹһû뵽ɵۿܣøַȻȲϽײɵۿͨҲǷͬСɡ
Ҷȿóɵۿߣһվɵ۷ǿߣ˵ǳƶɡ
ȸЦҵĴΪƶɵģȻҵҲɵۿܣҪ߼Ʒʯܴ߶ƷʯҲԣƷʯôܻ壬ʲô
Ҷȴʱľ׮Էǲƴ֣ԴС㣺ƷʯƷʯʦ㣬̫ǮˣʦֻмƷʥƷʯƷƷ󰡣

ɵۿܣȸһ֣㻯Ϊܣ֮УȻһӡһ͹â˲ʧȥ

ããҰɽ置ȸɴ棬Ҷһ£ûκֶɽ粻Ϸӡ
Įǳ޴ֳΪĮ磬ںңԶʱʱϴ۶Ϊڣ͵һħۣϧҲڱĮ׺ɣΪһɳ֮Ǳ顣
мѣͽûֲĻԭֱ춼ǿɳȸӲŻڡ
ʦ㣬Ǽ֮ܵУȷһаϢ˵Ҷһֱת̫͸ܵһޱ߼ʵаϢɳ籩֮С
ǡ
ɳַ죬Ȼȸӻһָǰɳһųǣų֮УһӰȸȻȻһǡ
Ӱһ߾ʬ塣
޷ӦҶȸѡǣһɳħĹųǣľͷʯͷɵĳǳأȻ󣬵ǵ洦ʬ壬Щ˶ͬص㣬һǻǿµĸϢһǻһѪۡ
ԭǶǱɱġô߽мɵۡҲ̶ã
ȸ̲ססǣʬ崥ĿģɢһɶЩʬ棬۶ǿס䡢Ͳϵ
ȻϢϧʵڿϧЩˡɵʬȫʴ͸͸綾ʴںһ޴壡
ֳҶûаֶݣȸ뿪˹ųǣĮȥ
ֽɳĮĺģ籩ǳ޴󣬴ɾ޴˺˴УҶȴʦ㣬Ҳ˰ɣЩɳ˱˾綾ȻֱնɱɱǵˣҪôһΪȻԤ綾ɢŶɱ֣һ֣ǶҪСģ
ҲϢɢˡȸһΣأĿ⸴ӡ
ʦ㣬㿴
ͻȻ֮䣬ԽɳĮһӿֲɳĮ籩磬籩ǲ£з籩ȻɳĮһɳܳģ·籩ɳĮ·ɳĮԨһĵ硣
ɳħ֮ĹǵħǿĵطҲ֮أϧô꣬б类˾һգ
ȸóһƺͬϢ㼯һŵͼɳһģһ
ҶѾ֮ܵУһаħϢһݣɳħ֮Ĺ
ɳħ֮Ĺʮգ۸ӣҪСģߣȸȷɳҶ붼û룬ϡ


781 ħĹػɳЫʿ
һһлϣҶ룬ܻߣһŶտʼעɣ
ɳĮ籩ȻɳĮɳҪиƵģ
ɳо򣬴ڵر֮£ɳķ籩Ȼɱɵۣɵ۸߽ȴ˺
ȸͷһ㣬ֱ̱ӽµĵɳĮ磬Ҷ͵
ħǿҵħЩ籩֮У̺а䲻аԽԽ϶ڵɳĮ磬ʦܣǷֿжɵۿߡ
һֲɵۿܣͷɵ۸߽ϢȸӴ߶ΪҶǰκη֣֪ͨʦ㣬ɲҪ⣬⣬ξ񲻻Źңؼ޷õ
ٿ
ΪһͶɳĮ籩
ɵۿܣһʲô
ɵۿܣѱȸעʥƷʯֻҪʱ߶ܱɵʵҶȿķֵɳĮڷ籩֮ܶ£ͷŷһ㣬ɳĮڲ·һɿֲɳĮ籩ںϣγصɳĮ硣
龻֣ѰϢ
̾ʹ߶龻֣ҶĮĿľǵõֱӴ߶龻֣Ϣڻ龻֮УҲ̺Ϣ
ˡ
ȻҶϣ龻ֹǲϢڵɳĮĵкܳ롣
ͻͻͻ
˼һҶȲʲôɳħ֮Ĺһõ˵ɵ۶⡣
Ϊ״ӣ̤ɽ磬Ҷ½Ѿûˣκһɵۣڰɽ磬ɾ޴вʵҪǿʵ뾳磬ɣӵϱҪġ
ҶȲϵط¸ɳŤŤƺɳ໨߸ڲ½籩ĦɳҶƣڲϵ𶯣ʮƺɳĮʱᵹڵɳĮ
͡
Ҷһɳ籩֮в½ɳ籩Ħ֮γĦĴۻǣڴ˿̣Ȼɳ֮УӿһӰ˵ͳҶȻӳԵ
ͻȻ·ɳĮϢںϡ
򣡡

ǿҷ籩仯ɳ֮УҶ޷κβɱֶΣֲֻܷʩչСǧʩչ򣬱⣬з
ȻһʮЧ֣ۺҶ֮ϣоǺ˾ɽɽ𶯣Ǿɽȴû뵹£Ȼײ̶ɢ
ʮף̫̣ڲܵһӰ죬Ҷͨߣվ۷ĸ֡
Сӣɳϳˣ𣡡
´ֳƲϱΧɳƶںһһɳһĿײУϻ˺ۣóЩ˳ɱֶײСҪ׺
𣿾ƾǣʮסʥǹҶ䳰һصչֳٿʧΪһ۹ʥǹǿߴ
ŭȭ
ɳ֪Ҷǿ󣬵ҶȲɵۣʮΪͬȾ֣һ֣ץ֮Ưɳ㣬㼯Ϊһֲɳ৵һڣͳʥǹӿ
͡
ʥǹεǿ󣬺赲ʹɳȴûлɳɳ͵زסֲɳ֮
ЩɳˣɳĮһɳĮֲɳĮɽΣһ
˻ƣ
Է仯ֶΣҶҲ˲ڿһݻһɳ֮һץסҪɵĹʥǹ
߳߳
ʱʥǹҶƴİ˻ȫںϣʥǹΪĿ׹⣬âɱǧ򽣻ɳ

˻޼˻ף޼˻ȻҶȸıû̺ԣҲǷͬСɣ˲ʹɳ죬׹ɳΧɳˣֱǱɳ
СԭӲӣϵ
֣ͨɳԳ˰ɱǣǰ꣬ǺöԸġ
Ǳ˵֪ҰɣǽգҪͷأ촦
вҶȴɳ籩֮߳
ϢȻЩͽй¶ˡСӣ㣬õ˵Σɳϴһоɱ㣬˵һɳɭɭЦ·Ҷȡܡ
ҶȻһץʥǹٴֳһƽ֣ǣǻ֤Ҷʱ̡
ҲҪȪ
ɳɱ¾ɭɭΪɳˣǿڵѪӣ׼ʱҶʵ̫ǿĪ⣬ʮ׸֣ԽԽûģƺҪʲôֶΡ
ͣ
ɳ˾ȻͬʱһѪһаѪ俪ʼͷˡ
ĪʩչҶȲҴ⣬亹Ӻ󱳲ܸоʲôҪ
֨֨
ľӵɳĮݶ
ʲôˣ
̡
ͻȻһļɳĮ㣬ȻһһһҶɳ˹
ͣ
ɳȫûзӦѪγѪ䣬кЩֲڣֱӹǻ֮ǰһɳ˾䣺ΰħĹʿɱЩߣΰħ
ħĹʿ
Ҷʩչ򣬱Χһʱ䣬ͼɳĮȻһֻֻʮɾ޴ĻɫЫӣһֻһֻƺһֱ˯ɳĮɳʩչѪ份ѣ鳯Ҷӿ
أ
ħЫǷӲβʼҶȾַľĴħЫҶȷӼ̡
ֲ̫ˣЩħЫֲɵ۵ͽʵȻûֱͨӣ˭ܾܵסôħЫ
ҶȿħЫˣΪģ޴ӣ˷ǣڲӴ
ꡫ
ħЫԶֹβȻҶΧסſ죬ֲĶҺһ˽һˣǶҺ޷ܡ
ͣ
Һ֮ϣ̾͸ʴһ̣𵴣Һϵ
ҺһֻбЩҺ˵ȴСһû˿в
Ҷ̴߶ıע̫һһٴνӴҺֱӰѶҺ֮УȻ̫¯˲ȼգͻΪ˴
ЩЫ޷򣬾ʩչҺԭ˶ħЫǰṩĹӦߣɣҾͿЩػħ۴ĹħЫʿΪṩвٶҺ֪ʧȥ˶Һǻ᲻
̫¯ԱߣҶһҲţڲ̫¯ṩʵڼ˸ˡ
ôѾͻûκ⣬Ҫս־ĸӼ̣ͻͻ˳
ȼգڷڣ壬ҶȾ͸о򣬶Խ˴ɾһְԵ־Ҫγˡ


782 1
ԭĮѰȡˡ
أ
ħЫȻ÷β룬β벻Ҿ綾ޱȣҪһɵۣҪǱУҲҪˣǻһ˿ڣûУ޷Ƴ
̫¹޾ȼգ򲻵ڷҲձĮۺߣҶȡ
նҺеɳĮҶҪƵģ̾һҰޣʱ
ʱͻˣ
ҶȺȻͫһݣͷţޱȼ̣Ҫõͱɵ۸ֽ֣ɳĮ绷̫ӣʦҪҵҪɣʱͻɾҾɵۣ濹⡣
ЩħЫΪû취պҪͻҪҾͷǽͳͳնɱǣһҾ֮
龻֡
ҶȷϿգ˫һ֣һӡ̼䣬һ޴Ļ龻ͷŽ⣬ڲչˣǧס
ͳͳɣ
΢΢ش߶־˲ʧҶͷѪȻħЫӦѪϡﻩ֨֨ع򣬿ϧʼǶĵеùࣿ
һֻֻħЫ򣬻δҶȾȫʩչ龻֣עһֵԣ龻ͷķӡħЫ޷Ӧ뷴㱻龻һʱӡ
ʮֻһֻֻٶֻħЫӦѪӿ򣬽˲䱻龻ֽ̫¯ΪԴȪٶֻħЫͱӡǣǻ
ϧΪ̼ͰȺħЫΪӣֻʱӡħЫɵһסףӲҲƿģֻɱǣӶǵ
ಡ
ٶֻЫɵΪѾﵽޣҶҲǱȫȼյѹħЫȻһͰŴ߶СǧҸĵطСǧ
磬ģСǧ˵
ಡ
Ҷ˲͸ܵСǧʩչռǰɳĮ˲ʧоʵ飬黯ʵһ߳ͳһƬϿգԶ˱Įĵط
طʮֳ棬򣡡
˷һɨȷûϢ֮ҶȾչٶֲֻħЫֳˣΪˣҶȿʼ⿪ڷӡҪץסʱ䣬ʱɽ٣Ҫȥȡ
ʼ⿪ӡƽϢγɳԽһʱ䣬Ϣ𣬽ɽ֮Уؿʼӿ󣬿ҶȾĿħЫϣϧԦЩħЫƳܣֻԸ٣
ǰٶֻħЫͨײͬƽϾһƳɿܣȻ󽻸ʥ̻ᣬǳԽ컨аĸɵۣκɵ½硣
еΣõҲһϧĿǰ޷Խģֻϧ
ٶֻħЫٶɵһҪúãԸ٣Ӧò⣡
ϵͷѹȼգȫԽʮܹܵļޣ޷ܣֻͻƣƽϢϣֻ֮ϣƹַ籩Ҳӿ֡
ǵİ׵Ҳпֲٹ٣ݷһħͷڶҶȻ
䡭γˣͨ񷣬УһƬ졣
٣ҪζȹܽԼʱ䣬ٷ;޴ˣҪٷ򣬽֮
ٷǺ̵ģʮ٣һؽһأҶ뷨ʮٷν٣ΪһΣͱ·򣬸ı䷨״̬ٵ٣Ȼӿֲ
˵ɾ͸ɣ٣£ҶȸɶˣԸħ𣬾ùְ취
οе̣ٶֻħЫԸֲ٣ǰ٣ҪҶԼȥ顣
ȣ
ݷһپҪɣԾ𳸳գҶһɹ׹⣬ֱӳٺ󹥻ȥ
ꡫ
ٷӦˣȻڣһҲԲУͻȻӿıһϢƷڶĦֲĽٵ硢ٷ硢ٻʼںϡ
ǿɣ
ҶȾȻһ׹⳯պȥ
ڳսط
ͻͻͻ
ٷһܵ£ܵ½һʱ䣬ƾͷһٳʧĵʼֳеա
һ٣ÿֲ٣Ҫ屶ϣҪɴ£Լ
ҶԳһ˲վһץ칭ˣ칭ǾֹҶȫ߶칭ݷ͸Ѫ죬Ҷ壬Ҷһץĵʥǹʼᡣ
ȡ
ĵʥǹ̰Ҷһֻ̫һȫɣÿһնɱʮףɵۣ칭նɱͨһɵۣѾǳ˵Ρ
ˣ
֮ϣǰ٣ŭֱӴɣںϸա
𣡡
Ҷһ̤һž޹ؿ칭˲ĵʥǹٿٿ
ͬʥҫա
䡫
˵ʱʱ죬ĵʥǹ֮ײһ͵ײռ飬ҶմܶˣɼжôԵǿ
ৣ
ӱը֮гҶȽȻֲҲͬѰ
ҶʩչףЩһɹڰգգ໥ɱԿһʱỹ
򣡡
׼ᣬҶȾҪ׼Ըʮ٣ʱоЩģոĴʥǹĲ߶ٶֻħЫϵգϷΪһ㣬ҶϷ
ӣȼհɣ
ϵҶץӣڣʱȼںϣֻҪñɡ
֨֨
סٶֻħЫƺܵвʼҪӻ龻£ѳȥҶһ˿ᣬʱգܡ
̫ˣԱ
ҶüͷᣬΪ֪ٷ򣬴״̬µٸӿֲңħЫħЫȻֵܵ󲿷ҶҲҪһ٣Ǵ߶칭
ץһʥǹͳսȥ
һУӡս֮

һʥǹ׼ŭٷһɹɳԽƵȻԵ֮ƣ˷ӿֶ
ݷڷŭ


783 2
ٷԹɽ絮ɽ編ںϣɽʱյĸκ·򣬶֮֡
ҶԭپͳԽˣڻȥԷ١
ٶֻħЫڻ龻ѹ£ֲƺҶƷ򣬵ϵ٣
ɣ񣬺ңɵ۾ͻСһӵô
һɽΪգҶȴ߶ٷһ̣Ҷ֮ͫУнơٵ硢ˮٷ硢ٻͳͳػΪ˽
ƻһ׵ƺӽٻ
ƺӽٻڣƲŽٻ󣬽ٻںϽ֮УϵӿǳԽٴڵķٷԲκ¡
ˣƺӽٻ𣬾Ȼ̬·ĺ𣿵ȷ̬ٶֻħЫҲŲҿٷҪˣ
ҶʩչΧϵСҶΪģԭǧֻʣ°ײ㣬򲻶ŨϢۿ֮
һҪϻ龻ѹɵʵħЫʱƺӽٻ񷼸еףξһڲϢĳӣֻǽٻɡ
ꡫꡫƺӽٻб£ϵطڣڻΪ̡
ħЫǣԲˣΪҽĵʯ٣Ҫͳͳ飡
ƺӽٻѾͻͻͻϿգҶһ˫ͻӣݷٶֻɵۼħЫӡħЫҶȵķŭ޷ֱ棬ֱӾͳħЫѹ
ħЫžٵĿ꣬վ·Ҷȣƺӽٻ£Ķһ̱䷢ë
ͷųϢѾԽ˴ɣﵽʮ۷壬ɵ۰
֡Ҷ˲ҧס
䡫
ƺӽٻͬŭޣǰײħЫ֮ϣҶ̰ߣʣ²ֻ龻֣ȻסħЫš

ٻƺˮסħЫţٶֻħЫʧȥѹƣȼաǵɽߣʼ񹥻

̫嫣ֱԽħЫţ·ҲҶȴ󾪣ȥҲҪ
ͳӣ壡
ܿҪ򣬾Ҫܶྫʱ䣬ȲѣһھͰ룬ͬʱͳӱ
䡫
ͳҲģͳӱɽ編£ƶɣһܵѹȣѾӦҶȴڣϹͳӣͳӷϴʧȥãںͳӱʼҶȡ
͵£ͳҲΪ֧ںҶȣͳ׹鶼ˣֻһ˭ǿ󣬾˭ƣٷ̺־ͳֻܳΪٷùߡ
ʹκʡ塢ֻҪɽ֮УҪܵɽ編ѹȡ
ಡ
ͳӿʮƷҶȿɲ뱻ܷ˿̣ħЫŲӣҶС

ɲǼ䣬Ҷͱһ㹥͸оǧУҶѪۣ类жϣҶŭ̴߶̫һӳ㣬ɱ
ݿ㹥ҶȣʱһߣеΪҪͷĲᣬʧȥģΪǿ֡Կ١
ٹ̴ֹʹ˺ȥҶȰգٽӿ˿ɫѪҶƤ԰ףϻӶ˫֣յӣǿδƵķ㣬һδζԿ
֣
־ܳɾٴν
ƽٵ硢ϸⶼˣҶ޷㿹סô⵽ڣᱻĻֱ䡣
Ҷʩչƽѧ󷨡̬ͳͳ㣬빥棬ٷʵڹĪ⣬졣
߻ͨ񹽣
ðգһ˿޷գʮսʤȱѾûãǺóڵ򣬵õ߻ͨ񹽣һھ
߻ͨǿߣ޴ƿʱͻƵ̺ͨأɱҶҪģϣ߻ͨ񹽣о˵ı仯٣оǡصĹͨνͨ
ৡ
߻ͨʹֻôһ䣬ɼ֮Ҷ̫Сˣ߻֮ͨУֱӽҪ٣ںϾѪ֮У߶Ѫɱڵ⣬ϯ
ҳȥ
߻ͨҶȴظ仯ԭԿ٣Ҷ̫Ҳ٣ʢҶȾ꣬˲߶̫һ޸ӳַ㡣
㲻Ҷ˫ּӳַӡʼᣬһһ㣬ڲƶ뿪һһϺˣ𻵵˲ܴϢžѪʼϡ
ֳ̫棬𴦣⣬ҶȽ֮һ£ǳΪ⣬Ǳе÷飬Ƴ⣬ע룬Ϳʼϣָʺɫ

߻ͨ£ҶڱһڶʱƳ⣬ʼұֳҶȹҶȻٹ롣
ħЫôȻĨɱʮֻҶˣúãҪɱǾͲ÷ˣ򣬷
ƺӽٻ𼸺Ϊٺ󣬰ħЫţ͹ţɵۼħЫȥ٣ħЫˡ
ԶȥǿҴݻ٣̼óӣͳͳ򣬶Ҷڽ֮Уವذܲͨ硣
ͻͻͻ
ȵعѹ򣬺֮ǰһͣϵȼգעҫԽԽĿҶһ߽һ濪ʼȥо߻ͨʣһͨ񣬹ͨء
Ԫʿ޵ĵ
ʵǿʧȥˣûˣԪޱߣʧȥԪǿͿͨѰҼ壬תޡ
ɽۡ鹫ֳۣԪ쳣ǿ󣬵ɽ½һҶȣ֤ɽԪΪôֲӾɽɽ磬˲˼顣


784 
ٻΪƺӽٻ𹥻Ҷȣ˿֮ϣϢɢٷҲȻ޴档
֨֨
ٶֻħЫȻٻȼţϢȻڼ٣ϾںٷһκħЫ͸֧ĥһɶ·ҽС
·
򱣻ҶȣֵҶص߻ͨ£ں̫һ޸֮УвȻҶٴУйڼһʱỹ޷ȫʧʱ䣬Ҷ߻ͨ񹽴Ԫ
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼԪ߻ͨ޷ȥеǣ£ȻΪ΢ɢ֮Уӿ⣬ҶȾ͸оԼΪԪӴڣ񷡣
ˡ
𵤺ȻҲһ˿˵һͷųȻϢҶȽǡ֮УԪعͨҲڷ
ްڣû˿ƮƮʵ֮䡣
Ԫ΢սδҶΪ̫޷ȥƿأӦ߻ͨѾȥģҶϣǱͨ޷ģҶȽ֮Уָо̫ҶȾ;ãԼ֮еףһӵиǿƿȻ
ʧ߰˰ˣʣಿѾ޷в̫ˣͿħЫҪ֪ɵۼľ֮壬ﵽ״̬龻֣ͳͳ
ԪԶգҶʶҲ΢΢ģо񣬾ͼϷħЫţһֻֻΪʱ˲߶龻֣һ޴Ļ龻ְʣٶֻħЫ
ಡ
ײдž綾ħЫû龻֣ɵѾȻ޴棬ȫڶԿɵ֮ϣһգʣµֻвҶҪĲǵҲɵΪ
龻ֿʼתħЫ֮УħЫû˿ͳ˯ȥȻһɹ龻֮УҶ̻һץʹӻ龻塣

һ̣ɵۼħЫӿҶȲŸоΪ׳ޱߣǾѪʼڣ߶ȫںħЫȻʼɱ䣬硢ǿʼ׷顣
飬ҲǶɽ֮ӵеĽǡħЫںϣҶ֮塣

ͻȻ𵤴ӵ֮Уطɳ
Ҷ˫ĿԲĪǽҲɱ䣿
ǡ󣡡
ڽӿͣҶϿ֮ʣϢȫȥҶȿ̾һĻݷΪ˻ǳǳ֮⣬һͻأֵĻǳ
ǳ֮ꣿԶĸӦĪǣǲǳ֣֮
Īǳǳ֮оΣʼOO@@˿̣𵤿ʼתγһȻУԽԽ޴󣬳ס
룬ɽʿΣյʱ̣Һôʱ֮أҪǱ˷֣һ͵Ϯ׼ǵ档
޴Уǳ֮꣬һβʣУֽ𵤣Ҷ𵤹棬͸оһϢ𽥵ӿȻ¶ȣ֮ǰޣ䡣
ǳ֮֮ӿеԪ΢ʼع飬ԪԪ㿪ʼڣԪ׳һҲ˵ҶԪ֮ǰһ־նɱ߽ˡ
ͬʱ龻ֻաħЫһֻֻħЫϵȫΪҶȽ֣Ҷȸո̤ʹﵽǿ״̬
ꡫ
ͻȻҶȸо״̬ں״̬£Ľ𵤣һ
͡
ͬʱ֮䣬ҶҲһһѪһ˼鿴𵤣𵤳ѷ졣
ҶȵģҲ֪£ѷգ۾γɹѣȻϡﻩ΢Ҷŵû궼ûˣڣҶܸоԼȫںһ㣬ʵоͨ𵤸Ӧġ
Ҳ˵֮󣬲û״̬ΪУһ״̬֮С
ٿ
Ҷһͷ⣬·ֽһ״̬Ҫץסʲôʱ𵤸ȥ΢ϧˣǼ״̬һ˸޷ģֻϧҶˣȴûʵΪȥץס
оͷͻͻͻ𺳱仯УȻγ֮ȫͬĻǳȻ񷣬ʵʵĻ磬пʼתԽԽСѸǳ֮ꡣ
৵һУȻٴһȻ˸ǳͬһǹʰʵڡ
飬صγɣƶִв˼飬ȻҶǰˡ
ģһѷ죬ҶСʱΪؼ㣬ѷ죬ҶȾ޷棬𵤳ѷ죬޷洢ûκô
ҶǰⷬѾȻغ㣬ɾʹ档
𵤡̺̫޼˻׵ȵϢеͳͳɲΪ̫һ֮еϢ̺ȻϢҾһ
ҪԼĵҪڲͬ⾭ͬҪˣַںϣл
ǽһδ֪ĿʼɽֻҶ˲Զšڡȥ޵ڶǰ޹˺ߣ˵ȫµĵҪҶԼȥһһӡ
𵤣Ժǲ𵤡
ѽץסУ˲뵤𵤣ҶĿʼǲĸ
Ž𵤽뵤Ԫ΢Ҳȫλǳ֮ҲʧûӰӡ
龻֣
ҶһħЫϷ龻룬ʼ߶龻֣óӣֱܳɹϲ𵤵ҶڸоԼȻеһɳ
ָо̫£޷ġ
ʣʮֻħЫڻ龻ٴ߶£龻һ㲻ʣ룬ȻֱӿҶ
ξ񵱳ƾڵɹϢѰҵϢķֲȫξźܴܣ̫죬ֻܿһ洢ɹ⣬Ҫǻӿ̫һ˵ͨӦ
֮ʱҶҲڲͣ˼⣬Ƕֶڵƣֶ۵һϴܣҶȴƣҶСڣǲģвξ
ԸŮֻܴɹ֡
ಣ
龻ֺȻʧħЫͳͳΪ˳տһͬ绯һ㣬ʧ
Ҷһ龻֣һϴܣڵ⣬һ䡢޵Ϣ
ҵΪѾﵽɵһףڰɽ磬ɵۣǰ˵Σȸõܰװװѱøһõɵ۶⣡
Ҷȿʼʹ߶Сǧٴν뱱Į


785 ƻ
Į
ζɽ٣ȥʱ䣬ûиӦȸٷûҵ
һҶȾСǧعɳĮɳ֮Уʱɳ籩ѹҶ˵СС֣ʹֱ籩⣬һоûС
ͻҶȸо̫ǿˣ֮ǰɳħ´Ĺɵ벻˿ͳͳĮӲ
ȸ˵δ֪ѣڻ˵ҲòۣһЩǺõģ
˲ָͨ⣬һξѪָʩչ龻֣ʼαѪȻҶԶԶһ˸߶ȣں־ԾѪΪġ
Ҷȵ˸ӦѪĴڣһ˶Ϊ壬ͨɵۣǶûϢġ
Իһɵۣ⣬ȸҲߡȥɣ
龻ɲʧһҶȫһģһˣҶȹͷϢȸӸӦȻϢӴ˿̿ʼȫʧءӡ
ಡ
ͳαװȥҶ򳯸ɳ٣ӦħЫںɳ֮С
ЩɳʩչͨɣڱĮ·ɳħ֮Ĺ˵ɣȻɣЩͨЩײֲηɳˡ
ɳ˳Ѩ
Խһɳɳ©͵ɳ磬ҶȾȻһɳ֮УȻһһٶɳϢɵ۸ʮ඼˽ϵǿߡ
ǾЩɳˣ޷һѪս
ȥǰ취
Ѱ£ػɳ֮Уû˿֣뼸壬Ҷͣ뻨ʱ䣬ʩչ龻ѰϢͻ磬Ҷʵһ߶龻Ҳһ֡
ҵһɳҶȾϢУһͷһʩչ龻֣ʼھ޴ɳѰϢ
һš
Ҫ˸ӣΣյɳ磬ѰϢ治ף̫ӣӰϢôںһ𣬻Ǳɳݻ٣Ϊɳڲϱ仯Ҳʱı䡣
Ӧһ˿˿аϢͬѰȷϢӦ·ɳ֮С
һ꣬Ͷ龻֮Уͨ龻ͨҵһ˿ϢϢʧ֣ɳ仯仯ȷôλãҶȾͳ·ɳȥ
Խһɳ㣬ҶȲӦǿħЫвɳ˳ѨУЩɳˣѾȾЩɳˣͬĨɱ
ƺʮҶȻڲѰڷλɵǷͬѰĮ֮ǰһħͷΪӦýɵ۸߽ס
Ӧ⸽ﾹȻ˶ɳ۸ӽһ𣡡
Ϣϧ޷׼ȷӦϢ޷ҵǰһƬ޴ɳ硣
ҶСɳ֮У̫ӣɳ㲻Ϸڣ޷巽

ҶȽƬɳɳ籩֮зڵɳȻһҶȾͼһɳϣ˲͸ıɳ״޷̶ɳıһƯɳء
ʵУɳһشڵĹ󷨿ռ䡭
ǿӦظӦռڣǺܿܵԽﵽɵµӰ죬Ӧͱȫжˡ
磬ģСǧѾ潨꣬ʱ뿪󷨿ռ䣡Ҷɻ󲻰֮ʣСǧ˵ˡ
СǧͨǺɵģСǧеʮ㣬ҶȾʩչ龻֣ʼ⾲ֹɳ춨Ӧڡ

ոʩչ龻֣о˸ǿҵаϢҶ̿ռǾ̤̾Ьٴȫѹû뵽ǴƬռ֮УϢƺڱʲôѹƣҸսܸӦ
Ȼ
һδ߶龻֣ӦϰϢңһɵۣûһ
˵ռ䣬һٶɵǿߡ
ôɵۣżȻɳǿѹǿߣ
˼һҶ߰˰˾䣬Ϣıòһ³ȥ
Ȼɳˡ
ԼʮҶȾǱɳڵĿռǰһɳռ䣬ɳоȻսɣɳΧһЩɵۣڲɱս״߶󷨣ڼʧ󷨾Ҫ
ҪһСϺ졢͸ںڵѪ⣬Ϲѹ໥ɱ
ɳ˹Ȼ֪ڣӦȡĸ֣ɵۼ֣
һҶȾɳݺգĿⱻС
ɽǰٶˣ취õ
ʵҶ۲ϧܴôɵѹ£ȡɡ
ȻȸʦҲҵ
ץסʱ䣬ҶָӦڣȸһ𣬾ȻѾ棬ʱ̾Ҫ
ֽȣһȸӵ֣ͳӻͨ˵ѹ·ɵͿҪְѹȥҶԽԽɼ
ˡ
ҶͻȻ·УֻһˣȻȸʦͳѹˣ֣ʹһʱҲ޷ӵжȡƣҪˮ룬Ȼˮ㣡
ݺȭͷҶȾͳ·зȥ
дҶȼɵ۽ƻ󷨽磬ռںϣÿռҪ飬޾ɳ磬Ҷץ칭ʵ߶칭
һɳԽƣŹʥǹͷŻɵơ
ĿڿռѺ۴ͷ칭ʥǹһ£ռ
䡭
ԭҪĿռ磬ֱҶͻȻͷռѷ쿪ʼ죬һʥǹ
¡
Ҷȼγ£·кȻһ𣬿ռͿʼֱ飬ϵ󷨿ʼͬ߹һͬڻ
͡
׸ı䣬ʧԭѹǿߣʧȥռƽ״̬޷ƽ⣬ץס˿ᣬʮǿѹ£ವһ·ɳȫص
һʱ䣬ɳ޷Ӧ󷨶֮УеֱˣеǱҲٲ䡣
ʮΪﵽɵۣʩչֶΣ֮мͷٶȣವץȥ


786 ֮
䡭
ʧȥ󷨿ƣڲɳ֮Уһɵͬ磬ͬʱץ֮ϣÿ˶ãװ׿֣֮ʩչ໥ɱ
ǺǣˣЩֻҪٴκѹû˲ѹϢ»ᣡ
ʱ飬ɳĮı䣬ɳʼʧµɳγɣԽԽֲɵ۸߶ȣ˶ҪִܵӰ졣
Ҷ׼ˣͻҶʵȫﵽڳɵ潻ָ߶ȣ뷨跨ȥȡΣգ濹⡣
ಡ
ǿֱҰޣһɳ֮ǿдһӡʮɵ۸ֱʱһƴȥ
Ѹ͡ϣ
óѣ
ɳˣʮɵǿߣɵۣĸǾѪսܳɾɵ۵ģҶȿ׼ʱոһ֮ǰһԺȻһɵۣײɳˣֱüҶײ
ž
ɵٶֲҶ٣ҺҶӦڵһ·ɰףݺײɳͣ¡
֨
ͣҶʼ磬ֱ۷飬ܵһӰ죬ɵʵԶ̫࣬ﵽҶжôˣȴܵɵӰ죬ҲѾǺܲʮףһײҪײҶ˲ɡ
һᱦˣֵǣȥɱ
ǸɵۣƯգûȥżȡΪﵽɵһ׵ɳˣҶΧɱɳˣЩﵽɵ۶ס׵ǿߣԸ
Ҷ벻ǣſռʧɳˡɵɳ½Ӳͬӿ֣ԽԽࡣ
ǣɳ˳Ѩ
ȸʦˣ
ͻȻҶǿӦϸӦڣȸӣ֮̿أȸ֣䲻ɱ
͡
ҶȽֵɵۣΪѾɵ۶ףڰɽ磬޵еĴڣӦȸӣͳأ֪ȸΪԶ֮ϣֻһУȸӾʩչһնѻɵ˺÷顣
úݵֶΣ
ҶǴʶȸһҲԣһŮˣΪﵽɵۣ϶ҲǾգȸӲߣһŮˡ
Сӣ㻹ɳ˵̣ᱦֵǣܷŹСӣ
ĻɵۣϵΧסҶȣڻɵȸϣǲûжٸоҰû˿С
ɵһ׶֡ȸʦҲ޷ôɵжȡҾͰɵնɱҪҵļޣ
Ҷһ̼ͳԶȥɲھȸӸͷΪһȸӷֶߣ鷳ˡ
ӣ
ɳɵۼҶһΪҶҪߣ̾׷ȥɵͷųͬ͡
֮ңʮɳľ޴ɳ֮С
Сأ
һɳɵ۾׷ɱֻǰιһɳɵ۾ĿɻôҶβӰˣƽ޹ʧˡ
𣿡
һն˷
ɳ໥Ϊ󣬿ͬ򣺡ͷ¶β
򣡡
ɳ˻ڽ̣һɾ޴ĿռΧɳںϣҶɳ㿪ʼɢͬɳ籩ɳɵۺ赲֮С
򣬾ȻԸǣ
ֹ֮УɵۿֽͭۡϵɭɭЦ˳
ԭ
ɳЦԭǽһ̣ͿϢûһ˿ɵϢ
Ҳ˵ٴеҶȣֻһСС
ҪԸɵۣɳûִţЦøӷȫûаҶС
ɵǰ⵽̤Ȼ
Ǹ߸ϵɵۣӦõģһͷأΪҵ֣
գҶֳˣ˫ͫ˸źڳ׹⣬ֱͷΧ
ŶһףСе㱾£λֵܣСǸ⣬һ׾Ƕӳɵ۶׽֣ڰϻ
֮УһλɵۣΪﵽɵһ۷壬Ҳһǿɵۣһ۾ͿҶȲ֮
Ŷ
ɵҲ侲Ҷȴ
ɵЩ΢仯ҶһһУ׼ҪԼ֣ҶЦˣͻȻһݣ׹⿪ʼڲףѾˣǲܻųȥڰ׾
ɱ
ɳˣѰйᣬͬʱһͷɵۼĿֲͨʩչ̬Ҷɱ
ɵ۷ӦܿҶȡ
ɵǰ棬ԼϿգȼյףγһƬ״˲סɵۣ֮нػ
ȡ
ɳɵۣо׽ʱú󱳱׵ϢʵڹĪ⣬Ħһ£Ȼ̼ʧƤ׽Ӵһ£ͱյø
ܣ˿ֲ
׹飬ɳˡ
ԣϢɵ
ƺӴʣƬ̵ɴ˫ͫҶȣ㵽ĴܣǿûԹԣ㵽ʲôˣһԲܿƵ
㵹ǼʶȷǵΪɱǣұʩչʵõնɱǣȻҲʲôܣֻһոսˣ
ҶȲϳ˷ƺ֮ͫУʩչʲô׹ߣγһĪĹ켣
ĳ壬ŵӣû뵽ڱĮֵطֺ֮㣬Ҫɱɵۣףܣɵ۵ķԹ֮ͨ⣬ֻȻӡǿ󣬵ɵ۸߶ȣǾлṵͨ磬򣡡
İٱ˵
ҶȺȻʼӶ˫֣̺һرķӡ켣һ㣬û뵽ҲκλᣬɵۣԱֶΣлƿҵ򣡡
λֵܣ߶ɵ۷ƿ򣡡
ɵͬʱжˣ
ѹ
Ҷһѹ״ȥ״ˣۣɵ۰ȥ
ҶͻȻָ߸𣬻һץݷץסɶҪҸո֮ͨ
ȡ
ɵ۱˵׿ʼǣ޷Ϩ޷׹
͡
ͻȻҶϿգһĿ׹⣬һʮɵ׹⣬ʱ֮дڵ޼˻ףա׹⿪ʼϣȻγһ׹֮
찡ɵ۱׹֮𺳵Ƿ
׹֮Ե־׹γɵ׹֮ڴ˵֮УϢ˸еĽף޷¡
֮ҶȣԶطĴܣɵ£Ҷǰ㣬ȶ֮һ


787 ȸ
죬
ɵϢǰ£æͷһɵϣʩչͨɵۣ궼֮ûˡ
ˣɵα˫ͫо֮ںһ״̬ɵ۲ƽ⡣
䡭
ꡫ
֮Ҷȫ׷֮ϣ׷о׮Ѹ͡뺷֮ϣȻ֮׳ɵϣһ£׹ÿˡ
ͻջǲ𵤣޼˻һ̬Ǻڰǿ󹥻֮ͨ
ҶȻƯգعƽȡɵ۳һУΪҪһףжǿʵ
ȻҶ֮ȫһնɱɵһ׸֣һɵۣòȫ
ȻҪɱɵֹۣ֮Ҷֻ볢һ£Ժڰǿ󹥻ֶΣжྪˡ
֤֮л컯ȭͬȸ߶ȵĴڣҶֶһֶΡ
ԵĴУҶϣٴ磬ͷԭеĹԡ
Ҫʱȥ֮ʱȫʩչ컯ȭ࣬նɱɵһȫ£ɵһʬ壬Ҿˣ
һӿڡ
õɵһʬ壬ʩչ֮նɱɵۣѪܣҶһ̼ͳаϢɳ롣
һƳɳɵʵûϣΪȸͷųһܣʵﵽɵ۸߽ףھ죬۷ʵοɽ硣
ȻҪȡûлᣬֻҪ˿˿⣬Ҫץס˽ȸʦһˡ
籾Ͷթ㾡˵ͬţˡҲԳ
ǾȸӲǲɻȷĴڣҶ˵ǽɵϣοҶȲֶͨζȡͨʵΪɵжȡ
쾭塣
ϢҶȷɳ֮УϧЩȸеɵۣʬ嶼ɳ޷ȡҶȽ븽ʮɵ۲Χȸӣƫƫһɵ۶֡
ʦʦ㣬ܣһңʹһ𣬻һΪɱСҺ֪֪ףóȻֶȡһʦͷſܣСûˣ
һɵ۲ǲȸ£Ҷ־ϲЩɳҪȡɵֻۣΪ΢ɵۣȸʲôˣ߸ϵӣһһǿӣھɽ綼ɱôЩ̶֥ʲô
ȸӾĹ壬Щɳɵۣƽͷգôȸ
ˣ
ڰУҶһֱڹ۲ȸӶնɱɵۣһʱҶһĶᵽɤۣ৵ضգת𵤣һȻϢ
Ϣ£Ҷһȫ
ٿ
ɳ㡢Ϣﵽһֶ״̬ﶼںҶȫץסѵڵᣬ̴߶ȫٶȳԽﵽɵһףʯץգչָץ

ɲǼ䣬ҶǰץֲϣʱһɺƵĸáаʹӿȻӵƺһ˿˿ʶ˼飬ҶԤϣǻͻȻ
ֱ۾ȻϺа·ҪѪ⡣
д߶̫һҶͫǾ㵣ǷǴ罵׹ʥĸںǰС˾ͱȫɣôһţҲҴ⣬̫ң޷ѹǿڶʱ䣬Ҵ޴𣡡
ٿ
ͻȻһ᳤شն
ǿܡãСǧ
ͷƤֱ飬ڲΪȸӿƵĿɵۣȻʩչһֱӴգͻأԺɨ֮
ಡ
ҶȻΪһâͬԭʧպɨ
ٿ꣡
⣬һֱҶؿ𵴣Ҷȴֳȫ顣
ֻǸ߽ɵ۽һֽۣȻҵķҪȫǰãҶףΪôɵۣɵϡ

ȸͻȻһսֳһسҶ
ʦ㡭˼
޷Ľ֣٣ٴӿ֣һץһ޵Ȼֱӭȸӡ

һλʦ㣬һλʦܣͬһɡ
ɳ𵴣ԺĴգıݵҶȸֱӽ֣غϣҶȴ߶ڰӥһ㣬ŰԵƿƣȸ
һϧҶ֣
н֣ȸƺͿǰİ̲꣬زǱֻϧУҶȻ̫СһЦҶȴδȸӣһϢһ񣬶̺˼µɵơ
ָ̫
ɵ۾£ȸӾȻʩչһ׾׵ĹͨҶȾָһץҶڿռ䣬ָ̱ӡݺݵһۡ
¡
ɲǼ䲻ҶӰΪڿռ䣬ȫˡ
Ȼָ̫ߣΪѵң
ȸռ䣬һ̫Ϣ֮ͷųȻһҷһץ
¡
ʮգһγֱָָ֮˿ռ䣬κָϡﻩ鿪
ͷһȸӳ˺飬ݷָ̫ͨľ޴
͡
ʱȸҶȽ֮ʣƬգɵۿ׼ᣬѹǿɵۣһٿȻƿնɵۣһʱһΪʬ塣
ɱˣ
ɵ۳ȸɱ˹
²ЩϣͳͳɣȸӲ˲԰׵ı飬ٴʩչĪֱͨӶżɵһץ
ž
Щɵû⼸£δȸӣΧͻȻӿһԵָӡһƬֱӴɵţɵ˲³
ʦֲ̫ˣֲãֲá
ԶһҶȫٿһܵȸСǧڲˣܶˣһ̣֪ΪȸΪɵ۵ͽףȴֶ֮ߣرʵﵽΪֲĵز
ȫʦ֣ͻ߽סɶһʧۣ֮ˣôܻ࣬лģ
Ҷǰ
ȥȸֻ³ȸʵǿһûʩչҪһ㣬ҶǻһݣȸȫԸݾͱ¶ˡ
ΪðգҪʮӣδаյõҶȹϷˡ


788 ֮ľ

˾ȻΪģʵȴԸΥӦλã̴߶ȻϢٴأ̷ߴɳ㡣
ǧ֮ϣɳ
Уȸӽʱ̵ٷҶΪԱߣֱһģҲָ
û뵽ͻնɱɵһףɵ۶ססôС
ԭһмƻ̸֮
ͻ֪ɱȡκ˶޷֪ҶΪĴ㡣
ȸʵֲ̫ϻܣ߼ɵۣɵ۸߽ףֻһۣܴݻҶҪֱһУҶȸ޷ֵֻܰװ׷
˴Ļᣬװ׷ŹҶжһ
ûõʦˡ
ںҶɳ֮Уʩչ򣬿ʼյɳصħаͳͳա
ɵֻۡͻɵۣҲվɽ۷壬ʲôɱڡξͳͳҪڽ£ɵۣҪʱ䣬Ҫһʱѽɵۻᣬͷ֮ϡ
ɵۣҶеӵУﵽɵۣҵСǧֿԼơն죬ֻɵ۲ʸɽ硣
ʦ²ŹκһɳˣѾͷŵڶܣ߽ɵۿܣ޵еģο϶պÿɵа
ҾҪɵһ򣬻ܲ谭ң
·սһһ֮ҶȺֻȸӵõĹ߶ѣһɵʬӿֳ
õһɵ۷ҶȾȻʹ컯ȭɵ۷ɵ
գ
ҶȰֱץסһɵͷ­չ̫һ붼ȥƽֱɵ
ͻͻͻ
̫һոӿɵܵɵһ̫һƤ֮⣬ֲ¡
ȻǲɵҪɵ۷ա
ɵ۾ɵۣͻҶʵǰһ̫һ͸ıˣΪһֱӴɵһû׷Щֻһ㡣
Լʮκһɵ㣬ȫɽݻ٣ɵذҶǰ
ɵۣҶǿ£һһ߽⣬ʧȥɵҶȿʼֱӹѪҪ״̬ɵ۾
ڡˣ
ɳγУ룬ɵʬ׹ɳ֮УȸӺ٣һɵػԱߣһɵϷԤһδ֪⡣
ɳ磬ѪϢȸóɵ£Ȼһתȥ
ʦ㣬ɣ
ҶȺʵȸһͬȸӽ֮£ƺδ
ɽЩϣ޷ʦôȸָֻƽʱ˰ģ
ûκνǲͬţߡҪڳ͵Ϯ϶ɡ
ȸӲҶУǲϵذգӼתҪõĻᣬȸʧȥ䣬ҶʵֻҪȫ֣ȸӲҲҪˡ
ôҶȵġ
ȸӣҶ²֣ȸҲѣҶȲ֮£ȻͷΪ̫ջ󣬼֮ȸӲҶĽѡ
Ȼɳ֣ѹȥⶫֻŴڣմϴˣûһ³
˸ں˶ĵаâȸӿҲܵθ䶯аħռаǰװ͸Ҳ֮
ʦ㣬֪ռħӣʲôӺܲ򵥣ҶȱƽȻĿ⡣
ȸͷһɵƣаŻ˿ħӡҲǴдڣǴδģϾħаԶ޷ཻħ֮ҲΪܶһͳħħڣħɽϴܣϴۿҲ֣ħӣħĶӣλȨأħ绽꣬ǲš
ȻħĶӣ
Ҷ̾һħڣħİͳߣһ֮֮ϣҶ޷Īǣ鹫һĴڣ
ɣħӡ鹫ӶǾţ㻹֪鹫ӣ鹫ӿҪħӸţĶӣ˭ĸȥǣ˵ЩеûģȻħ˺棬ѹҾҪϾɽ磬ħʹ߽ףȥһˣҲҪúò㣡
ȸӴ˵
ãʦܾʦȥ棬Ǻǣ
ħʹߣҶȵȻԸȥһˣɽ֮󣬳ȥǺ£Ҳܵõܶôһ룬̴߶ͳӣصķһ⣬ֳ
ʦܣעѹа̫˼飬ҪСĵ㣬һմϣֻ۲ң
ȸٴУɫգָһ㣬һɺעͳ֮ϣҶҲʼ߶̫һͳ֮У֪ʼѹ
ˡ
ͳײͳӿʼ𶯼£Ҷͨͳ֮У̷ӡ
ȻǾϧƺ̫ϣȱԣΪ߳Ϊħ
ͳ˳ѹȸһֱЦȻҶʹһӡֱϾɽ磡
ɽ磬Ҷû뵽մôȥǺ£ʮΪߣɽ粻ϴֶǰ㲻
ৡ
ȸӴ߶Ҷȳɳ˳ɳ뿪˵ɳĮġ
ɽ磬һޱ߾޴ɽ硣
ʦܣʮɽ磬Ϊɽ磬Ҵףھɽ磬ǰҲһɽ磬ȡ
·Уɽ磬һǧɳǰȸ԰ҶȽܵ
ɽ磿ɽ磿
Ҷзǧˣһ޴ɳأѾɳأһ磬һӵо޴ͨӡɽ磬Ҷû뵽ʮӾȻھɽ綼ܽһɽ硣
аӡҩɾҲ׵һɽɣɽ磬ʮ֮׵ӶȡεΪ
Ҷȷȫ˽ʮӣΪʮֶ쵳ɣһȫ⡣
ʦܣʵֻ֪ʮӣȴ֪ɽйأţһλ㣬ңһŵӣΪŷչȥǲʮչȻ˸֪ʵҵĴ㣬Ϊľ쳣ã㣬Ϊãҵʮһλ㶼ҶһȻûжȸӱ㿪ʼ򵥽һ
Сãţѣ㣡
һŮ֮ǰޱߵɽ紫ݶ


789 ϹŴ
ŶϢ
Ůֱ޷أ׼ȷλãΪҶ̾Ϊֹ
ǣ㣡
ȸӹϴҶȣɽȥ
ʱɽҶǰɽֲ򣬲һȫĿռ䣬ûǰǿֻһӦƺ˿ɽ硣
ɽ类һɿͷĳǽΧԸоɳ棬ɵϢ̫࣬ɡɡ飬ЩΪͼˣھɽԭס
ɽɵۼǿأǳǽ֮Ϊԣسɵ۶һף߽ɵɽ֮С
ҶֵǣȸΪʮ֮һҲɽˣľ쳵ãسɵ۾ȻʶȸӣֻҪһʯɵ۾˽ȥ
ɽڲҶȲ֪ȸΪ׾컨аĸɵɵ½磬ɽһɳ֮УٵͽɵۣΪˣʧȥģһ޵ɳص
ɵۣ̫Сɽ£ȫʧȥҡ
ɵɽ֮Уһ㣬ٶҶ˵ɽǳ޴ʮɳ϶ɣ߽ɵӵ֮ࡣ
ȸӴҶûнɽڲЩɳأǾǽһͨɳأŴһͨӵкܳµĴ̸ۡ
̸ۡǰҶȾúϡƽСǧȴҶȣ̸ۡȻһɽʮϡ桢ټƶҲɵ۵ĶҶѹס㵣ȸӣۡʦ㣬Ȼһ
Ȼһ
ȸɲǼ䣬Ҷȵ̥һ´ݷδй˿̸ۡʦܣʦԽ޷ˣ
ҲһܸоۡʵءҶȵ˼ΪСǧСǧʮƷ飬ܸӦκηϢ
С㣬
̸ۡڴźȻ򿪣һ˴ĺţȸӹ˵
õģʦܣǽȥȸӷʹҶᲽ븮ۡλţ˽븮ۡ
ۡǴ̶ɣҶܸӦⲻͨĴʮۻ룬ǴӴδʶʣֻ˵ɽ޴󣬻̫ܲΪ֪Ҹһһľκһ뾰ϣҶǴʣ֣˾̾
ȣ
һԺȻ𾲾ˮ
ȸ´ŵˣҶⲽԺȣҶȾͼԺУݵǰһܹ٣һλһ˿Ⱦ̳ȹŮӣ֮Уһʢ߹롣
ˮбһͼһֻֻɫΧŮӣٺһ˸档
ˣʮָ̣֮ͬϣһƳϤ⣬˲һɨȻϢСãû¡
ʱһλãΪʵ
㣬ϲ㸧ˣȸӼæȥŮӱһͬδ
ҶؾԱߣƻա
ŮƬ̣֮ͬϣһʱĿˢˢҶϣȸӽܵ㣬Ҷȣͬţϴ۸ո״ӣѹ
ǲ򵥣ִҲǵǧܿϵǶǾţ٣С̫࣬ͳΪֵӣ״ˡʮ֮ףΪľ쳵ľŮӣЦ
ȴľ쳾Ůӡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôˣ˵½磬ȡٴɳĪǾǰҶȣ
˵꣬ľ쳿ʼϸ¶Ҷȡ
ҶǰһͷϢ˵
ľ쳵ͷһ䣺ΪȻ߶ȣȴһɵۣһЩɵۣҲǱҲͬѰܰѾɽȻںܺá
Ŷ治򵥣ϴۣܿҵ򵥣ҺΪֶۣ߰˰˶գȻɵۣͻɵۣǳҲ޷ҵĵ̣
˷һ֮ҶȸоһëòֱָоԾǿߵĸоɼ
ȸӺȻľ쳶ԣ֪˵ʲôȻͶҶֱ˵ʦܣóôӡϣʼջЩģ
ǣ
Ҷȹʮѣһӡһ÷֮ӡɵ
ৡ
ľ쳼ɫҲ΢΢ڱ仯һƣȻȸһָ̫֮һƾ͸סӿһɫ˲סȻϢͳʧ
ľףԾͰѹ統ɽ۷ӡһ
˲ֶΣȫʾľ쳵ĸֲͨܽɽ硣
Сãȥϵħ̻ᣬЩΪħӰ£ܿжǲ֮ľ쳰ѷӡõȸӡ
ȸӿǵģ㣬õһǺǣҾͿԲøλ㵣ģҪĥҪ͡
ҵͬ
ľ쳺ȻһץһɹϢȻӿҶȣС˴æôҲñʾʾɣдϹ磬ҲϸԪ֮ǰµһۣӦһλµۣϧ֮ǰˣ۴ĴУʵǳۣϣд˻ܵõ
۵ۣǰ̫ô˼¡Ҷһ̾ͻؾΪǲ֮ǳµۡ
ľ쳹ȻǾǿߣûΪҶȻؾ˿֪Ϊʲôѡ𣿡
ΪʲôҶҲǳ档
ΪҸоϢȻһһķ֮Ȼһ򣬶ϹŴۣҲȻһǱӢۣðǷۣ֮Ҳ㣬ĻԵȻܲҲȥ£Űɣ
ǰ޷͸ֱﶯ֣ǵϹ֮⣬ʹֹգವطҶȡ
Ȼ֮
ҶҲƴǣ͵ԷˣǳۣȻǿµۣҶ˵ȷﶼ޷ȵı

ס⣬һϹϢ˲ͷųҶȼ˶ľȸӴڣΪϹ֮УȷͷȻ
㣬Ҫ͵ض򣡣
ȸӼҶȱ˫ۣεҡҡͷ
ӣײ½־ţԸһ۵ĺӣֻȥڵ֮;ˣɳҲķǣ
ɽܴ·ܳ·ҲܳǴҲҪͣУº๺ɳҪǼƶɣʮãлͬʱӵһʱɽκα仯˶Ҳõģ
ľվٴﶯ֣һʱվͰǰ뿪Ůʼеس֮ȥ


790 ֮
Ĵ磬Ҷȱ۶
һ̧ͷƺľǷӡ⡣
ಡ
һϹ֮ȻΪһߣƯҶȵǰ
˶ۣڿУ΢˫ۣ壬ȴǰкۼۣһ߳İüһͷڷ޷ԶһϹڴ֮Уϵ˸
ܰװ˷ϹŴ۵۰
һ̣ҶȻָķûˣȴͷͨںۣǲֳʲô
üߣҶһ׼ۣһ߶۹ɣ۾ͻ᳹ںϣҲֻҶһӵУ޷ںϣ򣬵ڰװĨɱϹŴۡ
ҶȺݺҧס촽ͷϢ֮С
˵ĺˣҵϵɽ֮ǰ֮ʱµĴۣϵΪ޵ˣһרȻϧһԪղ򣬷硭
ϱ׳ݶҶţ֪ѵõĻᣬȴ𺳣޵ˣ޵ˣȻ磬һԪ𣬾Ȼ͸˴磬ҽɽ磬ΨһһɹĴܡ޵ˣ
һ޵ˣϹͥͬԪĴڡ
ˣںҵۣϵ˵ҲȻ֮Ҳ֪¼ԪǸδļԪȻ֮ĴߣԽԽˣʿӷӽطĴܽŲȥУȻ֮ȴ޷ӵģ
ϵ֮ϵģȻϵ˸ԶżԪȻ֮νһеԴֻϧǰ˳˶ȥ£һζǰ֮Уģֻʧʧܣ޷ԽЩԶŴܡ
޵۵ĴϵشҶͬʯÿһֶˣ޵˿һĴߡ
ܶϹŵʧʷ֮У޵´УǴߣһʧ֮ʧˣĳδɵ˻֮޵ˣΪ󣬼ûгɹʡ
ҵĴߣϵĴУֻһΪҲڲϵ֮̽У׷ķδȷģΪ󣬶㣬ҪĿҪΪʶийÿ˵ĵ·ͬǧһζ׷˵ĵ·õ󴫳УҲҪϣ󴫳У㽫ɾͣĿ⣬ҲֻܴﵽĵزϵˣȴҲ볬Խ󡣡
Խҵõޡڰ󴫳У֮ǰһ׷Ĳѵˣ
ⷬҶȾԼȻģˣڰǶվ۷ǿߣǵĺۼѵǴġ
ǡ
ҶȼᶨطˣҲһȥУ㲻ȻһȴҲվ۷壬ͨµľѧԪıƸԣ󴫳УҲûдԡ
ϵܶ˵ֻ̫֮㣬ʲô㣬ٽȻ֮ϣܴ֮Уҵں֮ϣ߳һԽبŵ֮·һԽԪ
Ȼʲô޵棿ҾòǣڵȻȻǼޣϵȻ֮ʿУһһľһˮһƹâȻ;ͬ顣
Ȼ޾ͺܼ򵥣û磬Ǿޣϵ߼涼޵ģ֮ȥ׷ѰԴûܽΪ֮Уᵮ壬ˣҵ֮ô򵥣ְֻܸЩȻӰжϣҵһЩȻݱĵںȻ֮У
ˣʱˣϵҲ֪δ֪Ǻεȴڣ֮ҲûоͷģҪȥУϵδ䣬ϵ㣬ϣ۵ʧҲʧ֮С
޵÷һЩЪ˹Ҷ޷⣬ҲҶδﵽ޵Ǹ߶ȡ
֮һ֮Ȼ֮ޣ޵˺ܰȻ͸һ¾͵㻯ң
ҶȻţȴۣ޵壬ڻسҶӿ롣
ҵĲ׷֮ԴľͷԴޣȻ޵˻ûа֮޾棬ޣɽ硢綼ȻԲ֮ͬģƺ̺֮һ֮ͬģ׷ʵֻʵڣܻΪޣֻޣ
޵˵ۣнҶʱԪӿֳ޵Ӱ޵ģ޷׽
̫ޣʾ֮У֮
޵ǼΪϻ۵Ĵܣ֮޵ģ޵ǻ˽ģûúĴߣ̳֮Ǵ֮ҳȻУȥںУĴС
ɲǼ䣬޵Ӱʧʹʧ޵˽ڣҶ޾塣
޵ʧ֮ȴһɹ޻棬޵ˣ֮֮ͨ裬֮ͨģ޵ˣо
ʧ
Ԫ
ڸ޵֮ͨУҶȼں֮ĹΪԪ
ԪԷֻΪǹȭȷ󷨵ȵȣΪ޿Բκ壬޵˵̬֮ԪҲΪ
ͨʦָ̫Ҳ̺֮ͨǳΪĴڣ޵ˣֲ̫ˣκ޶ԻΪ壬Ӱ٣֮
ҶһֶΣɹҲ޷ԪᲢۣɹʵ壬Ҳвͬڲͬ£ơ
ԪԺں绻ȭ֮ʥǹ޼ս͸¡
ҶȲûУϸϸԪԪ֮ΪԴ໥ڲ˵ҶһʱҲиں֮Ҫܳʱչأ֮ܰںϲ
ĿǰֻһΣڻްĴڣҶֻоҪȥ򣬵죬ͨʵȥУ޵ˣڷʱҲ޷֮
Уֻв꣬ȥʦ㣬ֱȥϻ£ΪɵҪץסңܣ͵Ϯڣܹվ칬ǰ
ҶȵȻվûԱ仯һܳ٣һĳˣ䲻ںһĹٷλľ쳣ĸ֣Ҫߵ·кԶ
ξֵõ֮ĴУҶȿνǴգʧȥ飬ҲһɢȥһЦ߳˺Ժ


791 ںη
ʧ֪Ǹ
ʧۣ֮ȴõϹ޵˴е֮ںԪžͨҶЦ˻
ﻹУ֮޽С
ʦܣʮںϣˣΣкܴջɣ˵ǷϹŴۣС
Ҷ߳Ժȣ;ʹСʱȸƺӦҶϢδЦȴ֮Ӷ
ľǰҿ֪֮ϹŴۣҴæʦ㣬ʦܶлǰǰκҪҶȶ˵һ֣˵ͷ­Ѫ׿ջֻҪܼһḰ𣡡
ӿ켸ƹȣһͼȸһƺƶǻأҶȽ֮󣬾޷Ӧڲֻ˵ѾԽ
ڶľȸҪСǧҲӲãҺǱʶӦκΣա
ȸҶں˿ˣȸӵƳһۣ㲻֮ϢԿóۣȷǾ䱦ںˣ
ںˣľǰҵĲ֣Ҷǫ鲻ѡ
ںϣ
ȸһ˼ģƺ֪кηǷѾ뿪ɽ磬ȥǵ̫үүȥˣ֮ǰ˵Ϲۣת㣬ǷǷǿΡ
ǷǷǿΣǰרУ
ȸһתȻҶһ˼ԣľǻл޵һЩ΢ϵ
޵ϹŴۣҶָо涴пռϢһԶϢľƿۡѵ޵ˣ˵Ϲͥʲôϵ
Ϊ˼һֱܸ㣬ȻģˣﵽɵۣٴȥҴ㣬ھȥħʹߣ
ȸӴһֱ˼Ҷȣ뿪̸ۡɽˣ϶뵽ɽ߸ϵˣȻסѰɳ֮УǾдǻۣͨе
ôܲ¶ȡ
뿪ɳأɳλˣȸЩˣûκϢִҶܸоЩ˾ǿֲ֡
ԼʱҶȸȸɽһɳ֮ڣɳڲ÷٣̷ﲻ
ȸӽɳһʮر̻ᣬ̻ͨᣬ̻ԱǸ֣ÿɳضзֲ˵Ƿֲһ̻ᡣ
С㣬Էˣǰڹȴţ
ս̻ᣬһλߣ߳æӭȸ̻߲㣬Ҷ˽ϡ
̻ڲ󷨣ʵｨɣ඼ʯ뱦ʯȻһЩ̻ƽ̲֮Ŵͬ
ħϢ
ʮ¥֮ϣҶȾ͸о֮УƯһһϸϸϢ޶ħɽϸܹͬϢħ
Сˣ
һ֮УȻһħ֮
ħڶͦ죡
߰ѷƿӴȸӡҶȽ뷿䣬ͼŮһжһװˣֱҶȸӳ˵ͷҶֱԱ£Ũħ
ŮһпƾͨʿǴǴŵӣȫħ
ңŮһжģڣŮòޣеͬӣɽޣħеĿܣݲ򵥡
мħӣֱһ֣һħӡӿϿȸʩС㣬ڴˣ

ȸҶȣƺûϵֱóңħӡû֮澹Ȼӡһ
С㣬֪ħˣԲῪκЦҶľСҲǹཻ֮ˣִ¿ЦǹԷӡɣС㣬㿴ͷˡħһħӡͻȸӡ
С㣬ͷԣ
᳤̻ʱ߳
ãħǺεҲ˵ħйԻɽѵ˸ħӿЦ
ȸлߺ⣬ħӡֱӻһץվͳһָӡ˲סӡ
ָ̫ǹ˵ľѧԱһλħŮӣȸʩչָһȻ
λħӵͷȷָ̫
ˡ
ָֻħӡȻһݷһɿҪһ˿˿ʥʥ⣬ɢ
ԣʦ㣬ȻҶһƳͿ϶ħӡڲһ˵еķ֮
ʦܺ۹⣬ȷԡħӹȻǸ߸ϵҾ
ȸҶһ䣬̾մӡָγһƬӡסħӡħ֮ӿȻµķӡӿȸӴ֮С
Ҵӡɣţȸָһھͷɳһ⡣

ħһԾ𣬰ְڷӡ֮ϣһħԺˮ֮ƣʼƻӡһаϢħɫԽ԰ףݷѹѳԽʵ
ħ֮ǿһѹģﵽҴΪһɵ۶ᱻ٣ɶˣȸӼһĻ̾ʹҶȣ
ʦ֣㣡
λħŮӣһħ࣬γΣͷųǿħԪӡħһͬȥ
û뵽һ˿ֲ
֣ȻûѹϢħƺȲ̾һ
ŮӶ΢ΪȸӿܶĪǾȻ޷ѹȥ鼱֮£ħ꣺ټӽеͨ
кϷˡȸӺȻƤЦ
ৡ
ħ˺һ˫һ֣һħ⡣
ٿ
ڰħ˲䣬ҶھѪʼҲ޷ѹȻҶȣòѹ𺳡˼ضǰħ⣬صħȻǧ֮һѪҵϢͬħôҵѪϢѵ
ȫѪͻȻ춯ǰħ⣬ƺо޴ҶȿĿɿڴ£ҵĸĸˣѪҲҵ֮һǺˣпӵѪϢ
һ̣Ҷȫֱ
ȸӾҶֻһ߾룬ѾоҶϢԾʵʦܣôˣ
ȸѯʣҶ侲Էħ֣ҶȶȻǲֻȸӣʦ㣬ܲһǣĪ֮УǲһλħŮӣΪˡħģ
ã
ȸ֪Ҷ·Ҳûٸʵףֱӿħ֣ħ֮УûһλŮӣΪħģ
ħģ
һλħŮһƺڴ߶ͨԼҡҡͷشС㣬ħھ޴ޱȣŮûһħģȻвսãֵͬģȴûһ
ʦܣûУ
ȸӿԿ϶Է̿Ҷȡ
ûСܣ
һֱͷҶȴ϶һħڣңħӻкϵΪɽѹںĴڣָ


792 ɵ֮
뵱ɽΪħ½ȡʱҶȵʱͺ⣬ɻִߣͻûˣֻˣû˿ȥ
Ҷͬǿףֺ̫⣬ѹڰҪں£ټ̫һ˵ɽ磬ֻҶȿ
ȻҶȲţһõްڵ̺ͬѰͨͨûгҲǲܵġ
ʣҶһֱС
ħħ⣬ɻһɽ۶ȡΪħӣħҲħӵˣ˿ּѹ˵Ϣһоˡ
˵ҶѪΪӣҲһ˸ھӵҶȵѪϢҶǱҲ˳ԽڵǱ˵Ҷȫıˡ
Ҷˣٶδ޷ԤҶѪΪ̵棬ǳΪǿߣ˿⡣
Ȼ˵ѹȥںۿѹ޷ںǳմϣҲҪܵش˵˴ʱѾվڳԽҶȵĸ߶ȡ
ħġˣ㲻ħģ̤ЬٴȫѹΪٴθӦĴڣħħڣڵңҲ޷㣬ǽһҪȥħڣ
ҶȽ߬ȭܶʹ޷¶
ϧǿ󣬷ֱѹħ֣Ǽ֮Уҵ䣬ʼ䣬С
ҪҵˣҪһܳʱȥɡ
ʦܣû°ɣȸȻġ
û£û£ʦ㣬ֻ뵽һħˣǱҪħڵģǾûһʣȻûУҲϢģ
ȸйģҶȻһȣζȡ϶ľĪ޵ۣҶѾͬʮӣͬȸӡ
ȸ˿ͷû¾ͺãҪע⣬ûиӦħʶħĳ֣ͻɵ֮󣬼ǶԵ򣬶ľУǳģױħƣܶɵۣԼУ
ħҶʶˣ˾޲ħģŻħ
ಡ
ħ֣ΧطӣӵϢħ⣬ֲȻʼʩչħӡϢȻʵϵʧ
ħռϧɽ½硭ռôҲ֪ǺĿģǿԿ϶һ㣬ħӲҪδ
Ҷ侲򷿼ħӰ
ৡ
ֹ˼ħѹңϢ
С㣬ɣ͸ϻħڸС취ȡǹӱл
ħ˵ų뿪˷䡣
ʦѽοǶ㣬Ǻǣû㣬Ҫõһܣȥ޽֮ðգðɣҿԸṩһƽ̨ʥ̻ᣬɽ罨Σ
ʱڣֻʣҶȸӣҶһֱڳ˼ţȸЦǺǵ˵
Ŷ
ҶȺȻѹЦʦǰʦܴæˣ̻׼ɽ緢չҪһһɽ緢չ̫ˣһɽ翪̻ᣬ߻ûиɽ磬ԼΪﵽɵۣɵ۸ʦ㣬ɵۿܲˣ
һȸӽҶȱɵۿܣӿֳȸҲ롣
ЦҶȸ첲ͬһ˵øʦܣǳסΪϻӦŶĿǰҪھɽ罨̻ᣬܣǽɵۣʦ˵ĻģɽԶΪ㿪ţ
ʱʦܲ
Ҷ֪ǿͷһȣ͸ˣɵۣǰɽ磬оǾ֮ܣ㣬վھɽ磬ҶȲžãֻнɵۣʸɽ㡣
ɽ磬վھµһϣҲһż
ȸӻһתˣʱɽ粻ȥϻ£ҲԶȥμѵôۻᣡ㵽ʱԼɵǿߣۣ㶼Լϣͥͷ˵ˣӣ
ʦ㣬ҾͲͬȥ뼸λͬԼھɽҶվ
Ҳãʱ㣬Ҳ㣬ҪúУǧҪɱʮ˽֣ʵﵽɵ۸߽ףʮң֣ǧꡭϣŵʱ̡ȸһЦ
ʦܸǣ
ǧꡭҶȻΪһ⣬ֱʧڷ

ϻ£ܶǰһۣڴնɱһħۣɽ磬Ӵˣϻ¾ͳΪɵɱǶɱĵط
һۣȻ棬ôĴ˵
һɽݷϹŴܣһƿγɾ޴Ķ£ޱ޼ʣңԶȥǶ¾Ĵۣڲã֮Уһƺһƶǿռ󷨣Ưƺ֮С
ɵۡɡƼƺ磬γԲ·Ƕϻ£̫ˣһͷһˣһҶҶСۣƯӣңԶȥǳɽ˺
վԶߣһµҶȡ
ϻ¡ΪնɱħۣΪĵطۣɵۡ㣬ɵۣұҪɵۣﵽɵۣ
ڿХ֮УҶӰ˸ţͬҶȿԶҪ¾ĵʱˡҪսɱʮˣҪһɵ칬ƾΪʵС
аӡҩɾξѩľ쳡ɽۡ鹫ӡֶۡ
ǶɵۣǳۣҶֻгɾɵۣʸվھɽ磬Ц죬ǱȼЦ񷣡
򣬴ξ̶ֵ̼꣬ҶȾͼ֤һɽУǿߣɵۣۣҶȴʱ˿ûκ뷨ֻ񷣬ҪɾɵۣΪɵۡ
ɵۣҶУԺɢȥ
޴̵ĵģ־ʱͬɽڿХҶȸֶ񷣺ƶΣաҶҪһΡҪ״־壬Ҳԡɾɵۡ
磬ʲôСǧоҪҶȥȻСǧͯɡԴǳݶ
ֻΪǿߣȥҵı𣬻ػҵߵˣ˺Ҫ߳һκ澳ŻɳҪһڿֻǿ֮ģɾɵۡ
硭
Сǧζɢ
СǧҪŸ磬ˣѾӰɽ紩
ҶȲԶɽ磬˫ͫ˸ǳâݷɽʲô


793 칬

ɽһƬգ·һ͵â֮У纺һƯգࡢꡢ桢ޱӡʥ߸ͳͳܵɽ編ѹƣ뷨Ͽ⣬ںϡ
纡
Ű˲Ŵ½̤ɽ磬纺һƿشʱҶȾʹͽ
ˣ纺ҶȺüһЦ겻û˿İʼղһ
ҶȽ봫֮Уͷһע⿴ˣ⡢ޱλʦã
Ҷʦ֣
λŮҶȣǾ飬ʥɳǼҶʱһû뵽ǧȥҶѾΪֶ״ӣòĿڳΪʦ֡
ʱۣ˷ǣǰҶȣѾǵǸǱС
ֵܣʱ򣬾ɽ編ֲ̫ˣ
õҶȰ֮ΪߵģҲȻָȻҲһһվͳͳҶߣ纺ѴĨȥ˳ھɽգһ߶Ϳʼշȥ
ɵۣɵۡ
Լ㣬ҶȾʹϻԶࡢꡢ桢ޱӡʥɽ˺Ȼɵ۰ľͷÿﶼܵ
ǿߵ磬̫С֮·ңԶ
һо˳ϻ»ȥҶ纺棬纺ϸϸ壬ҶȽ첻ͬգ²
ŮĹȻҶ£纣뾡ͻɵۣһ㣬仹Сǧ
ڲ˵ԺҲ֪ˣ˾̫࣬ѹ̫󡣡纺ѡĬˣҶȱȼС
˿ʼϻǽɵ磬˳Ҷ纺ˣɼɵһжô
ֵܣҸӦͬϢˣţҲҪҪȥ
ȻӦʲôָҷͼ֮ϣһƬƺ֮Уֶɵ۵ӣطһЩֶҲţ벻ͬǼۼ
ʥӦŵĸ֣ޱҲӦʥɽǿߵӣͺȻʥޱӶŻϣʣҶȡ纺ࡢꡢ˼ѰʺϿռ䡣
ֻԶաطɵ򣡡
Ŷϻ·һΧпռ䣬ɵֻΧգҵһƺϡգʩչռ˽С

ͻȻ˽ռ֮Ա߼գһޡ֮Ȼݶ
üͷҶȣϤ
֣Ƕ޶ħˣҶȰʩչ龻֣ӦԼϤˡ
Ҷȴһξ桢ȸӡͳꡢˡݡ޶ħаӡҩɾȵϢȻ֮УֻϢʮƮ죬ܸӦ޷Ŀꡣ
͡ϫӡܿܿ᮵ȵҲڶϻķ
ռԣǰԶƺ֮УϰͷߣǶ޶ħħǸĲħסǶݡֵܣ˵ˡ
ȻھɽǾԵ֣ڣǲǵˣҶɫƽ޲޷磬ƺ첻Ǹɱ¾ӡ
ȻѰֶҶȡ֮ǰ˳ޱڵεȵȣһͬμɽеľɱգû뵽ǻۣ
޶ħһԶͿЦ˵
һﻹԸ񣬿Ŀˡ޶ħǰϰĴڣݻħǸħҲ
ҶȵΪ⣬Ϥĺܣ޶ħǰһɨħ٣ΪҲͻͽ֡
Ϣ
ɽһ֮ͬŴǣٴЩԹʱûЩаħȥ󣬴޽ڣȻһ춯ץһϢ
̣ԭ֮󣬲¸ǡԺҸʱ䣬ȥȸһ
ҶϢʼᷨӡ̵µķںϣͻΪһٷˡ
ʱܿ͹ȥڶϻ˷ǧˣ飬ﶼУ̾һɣɵ۸֣ΪԽɵ۸߽ףֻǸŵɵţڸߵա
аӡҩɾЩɵ۷֣ۣǱǷ־ͶӰ׷ͨ
ͻͻͻ
سڱ֮ʱڶϻ֮񷣬һΰϢƺԽն㶼ڲ
칬
һеľǿߣ׷׷֮ˣ񷣬ֲȦ㡣
ƺʲôͻأƽ
ֹͣ˺һȦϵɢһȦӿһȦϼӿȡ
ԡǿҵԡ˵칬
ضˣ˱䣬𺳲ѣ纺֮ͫУǶ֮У纺ƺӦʲôΪȵش
Ҷȵͷȷһɽ칬֮ڣԲǿңɽ칬Ȼ̺ԣ칬й֮У
㲻ϵزƬأһ֮ɵµˣ޷ӿĵطֱ·ϻ£رһɺͬƵƿ
ʱ˿̣ɵۣǸ߽ɵۣЩ۷ɵۣۣûκζݷ˫񣬶ע㡣
칬㣡
ಡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ӿգɳһǿߣ֮ϣһ칬ͼǵݣ칬ִߡ
칬ִߣ
Ҷ뵽ٻ֮޷ѹɱ⣬Ҫһ̤գһ칬ִ˺÷顣
칬ִ֣߳ǸӳĬ
Щ칬ִ߱ɵƣһ١һǧһ򡭡Խʮ칬ִ߽ٶÿһɵΪһִͨߣȻɵ֮Ϊʾ칬
칬ִ߷·壬ѩ׳ۣصʥϢÿһִ߶ո߸ϡ
ӭ
칬ִͻȻϥ£˫ָ߸𣬵ͷϣϿգҲһرڿʼҵضƺʲôܵ칬ִԸˡ
һ칬һͬҶȵһģһ
칬Ťʵ㼷ѹ£ʼؽ٣ߴɣʥΰһϵͼصĸ񣬻һվſڵ칬ִߣʵʵա
һһͬ
纺ͻȻҶȡ
һܵüʱпܾͱѹˣȷһǷŲ֮ҵġ
ֳ칬ҶȲɱŨŨҰͲð칬ѹ칬ִѹ
ٻһΪ㱨𣬻칬ɱһ칬ִߣ
ŭգȴ쳣侲ɱڡŵȵ¼̡֪


794 һˣ
칬Ҷĳޣغٻݡ
꣬㲻øԼ̫ѹɽ߲ǿߣ̤ɽС
ǿӦϢо޾ŭҶ̴ο
Ȼܡ
칬ôɡ
˷ˣԸֱ칬
Ρ
ֹͣ칬ڽƯڶϻϿգѹأÿˡ
칬ƽǰ칬ִһһңعϵţ֮ʯƿա֮

Ŀ֮£Żδȫ򿪣һӲм̾ݷ񷣬칬
ˣϵĴˣ
٣ͻȻɵƺɳһߣ칬ִߵ棬߳칬ع¡
ͥˣ
ɲǼ䣬˷ˣɻɵۣ׷ӿ㵵Ŀ⣬ͻȻ߳ߡ
֣ͥͬףÿը

һ칬ִڨڨһŭȻߣһץһɶ೤ʥɵץУһһߡ
ֵǣûзûжû̧ͷǣգȫز֪칬ִ߿ҲûκηӦ
칬ִĿ֮£ǰ߸ߵؾʥɵһХ칬ɽ簲ɱ֮ͽɽ磬ˣΪִߣҪͽ㣬
ٿ
ʥɵ˲䣬䡣
͡
ɵ׼ȷն߲ϣѪһ磬ͷ­ͷֿˣͷƺڲ뷴ҪϣʥɵȻŷһͬһ㣬ͷ­÷顣
һ߽ɵۣͥôװ䣬û˿ķ
ϻ£ž޷ÿӽֱһľ㡣
ˣ
칬ִϣִҪȥʱִ߳Ȼûзͷʬԣһһع¡
ңңǾҲûйϵ칬֮գֻͥл𣡡
칬ִ߼ֱ֣û˿ʥɵһ䣬һſͷأһɵ۵¡
ɵ۵Ѫڶϻ£һһ㣬ſ磬ϻΪɥ֮ɵԩꡣ
칬ִһŰһ߾ɵʬ壬ϻ£˷ˣʥɵͳͳ
ǡǺαأ
칬Ǹ֮̾ӵΪΣЦľʡ
ʱ̣ҲҪˣ
֮⣬һ칬ִ߿˵
ѵѵ
صĲϵ𣬶һʥ׳ۣ˸칬ͼ칬ִǿߣǲ֮ǰһһ߳Щ칬ֳִ죬Ÿ򸡵ƺʲô׷߳ÿһˣɵǿߡ
Ȼɵ۰˽׵ʦǿߡ칬вٵĳϢ
纺ޱҶ˵
һ߸ԸҶĸо˸Ըˣ˳ŷžϧ칬ֶΣǿߣ칬Ҷͷǳ½ͥҪûпܡ
칬ʵ̫ǿ̫ǿҶǰδٵǿҶײǿ칬Ӿɽ񷽵٣ƺ칬ںɽ編򣬿Ʒͨĸ߽ɵۣۡ
ͥˣҲǳ˵Ρ
Ҷ˲俴˷ɵۣˣûֵֿı飬칬ԵֶΣסˡ
ʦ
칬߳ϰƼִߺ󣬺Ȼִ߶ͷӭһ֡
ʦϢȻ뵱кٻоļһϢͬ
ɲǼ䣬ĪĸӦȸ߽ɵۣҶȾ͸ܵǹǿң칬ͷųķǷɵϢ̫Ϥˡ
һɽնɱҶҲϢֻҪѪеҶȶԸӦ֤칬ִ߶ΪʦǿߣһǾҵǿߡ
ۣ
ʦȻ
ʱ˶Ĭɵ﷢ë£ڸ߲գһ޵
Щˣĸľɵۣǳ۶пܣҸҵ칬칫ִߵ棬Ժ֣ɼЩյǿ־ɵ칬
λɽ˷ǿߵѣлǽۿ칬ǶǼ֤ߣ
һˣ칬س֣ס
ۣʦ
Ҷסû뵽뾸ͬйصľʦȻһ𳬼ۣңҪǿߵƣԣƣɽľ
ٲȻʱΪɽϴܶԻĳڶϻ˷ˣ̶֥
ʦɽǿߣݷ໥Է᳹ɽգһɵȥȼĸ߶ȡ
ǿԻ£ڳĸˣɵۣΪһڣȫӣУ칬ߴ󣬻ڣκҲ޷֡
ӭλѣаħϻ£Ƕ칬϶Ҿʦ칬ллѣ
һ۵߳ţֱ׳˶Щ칬һ칬ִҪĿ̫࣬ȧǼߣüֳۣһֱһһա
ʦҵүү˵칬ĸ߲㣬ۣ칬ߡ
ż̾
Ȼʦ˽֪ϴۡ
ʦ
ͻȻھʦˣҪһ˵֮ʱǸӣ칬֮УЦܲܿһҵ죬˺ܾá
Ը
ʦתֽץסһӡ

ڶϻķˣͳͳվһɹǿǿϢҲʼ
ΪĿģΪ˵֮ˣ
ѵѵ
žʦһ֣ǲ֮ԽǿңԶŰ˷ˣÿ˶˫ĿԲš
ȻĹâ
ɽƺ˯
öϤζܺãܺáôãȷʵƣˣպúõ˯һ˯
ŴƯһƽľ棬һȭͷִ
룬վһϰӣȫͷ­𵤣ֹסǻùǣֽŶѹʵʵ
弸ǴĿĵĸáѪۣеĸ֮¶˰׹ǣ칬ĥġ
Ưӡǰ̧ͷ֮ϣЦݣǽѣǶϤǻ۹â
Ǹӡ
񷣬֮ݷ𿴵ʲôͻЦݣûһ˿ûһ˿־塣
еģ֮
Ǵ˵һӣ


795 

ɽգ˲ϡﻩһ£ɵͳͳһ̣̾ÿ˶Ǻһӡ
纺̾ۡһ𳬼ۣ
ۣ
һΪҶȣɵ۸߽׾綼ԿƣοǳۣǳۣһĴۣɽ磬վɽ۷Ĵڡ
࣬Ǵ֮ľ磬䣬һ̴ڵ壬磬һ񣬲ɽ磬ǳۣﵽΪ
Ǵ纺ļʶǳҲ޷ᲢۣҶȶԳɵ۸ȥ⣬纺ͣҶȾˣԭǷ״̬
ֲãɽľͷǰ
һ
ϢϢ֮да䣬о綾Լ̷ַµĺۼ칬úݵֶΣȻִڣ˱ֶΣɶ񣬸
˶֮ʱҶͷŸӦΧϢϢ֮УӦִĿĵʵ
칬ͷӺ࣬޳
֣ҲйһཻҷҩɾаħнȻҲܻ䣬ͥҲй
٣һͷ쳤ӣͻȻֳ־ͶӰеı
ˣҶһ۾ϳˣڵξǿߣҩɾ
Ƿҩɾ
ķΪﵽɵ۸߽׵ɵۣϳҩɾˡ
Щɵ䳰һ
ҩɾľӣڵ򣬶Բס鹫ӣϧ鹫ӣ˶ȡԼã˵ȷһӵеɵۣ
Ժڵĳҩɾ鹫ӽǳҶУһɵۣԿһ𳬼ۣͷĴۣݵʵҶȲò
ҩϵܣ߰ɣﲻʺ㣡
һЦ
ҩɾرȭصĵ¾͸ǣֻ֣ؿԽ٣ϣһҷҩɾΪֵܣ
Цˡ
ҩɾ㵨ӲСͥ칬ˣǾɽˣֵܣ
һ칬ִ߿ȥˡ
ҩɾֶ޷ԶһŻ棬̺ͨѵ칬˵
߰ɣʦ˵ˣ
ʦǰԺ칬ҪҩҿҪЩǲǵ˿ڳˣ
ҩɾƳһ۾ʦûһۣתʧȥ
ͷЩɣûȪ·϶ϻᣡ
λ
ҩɾͻȻ֣칬ʦڳХһƺӹأɵۿ񼫣뽣ˣɽ׼ˣͥɽ磬ﵱ
ɽܾʦ֮ء
֮СС֮ɱִߣԿϹͥɱţνۣ˳ץһλǿȻҲ칬ϹͥĽڣΪɽ´󹦣ҲǴҶ֪칬ͨϣ͵ĵˣâţ
ʦͻȻţ˵һ޴䶯Ļ
ʲôǱԼ˳ģ
ʲôԼˣղû칬ϹͥâžǵˣâųΪﷸֲͥãץͥȫûжâҲͨϺܿʧԭͥͽڼ飡
ȻǱͬΪͨﷸͬģ
Ȼʦһ֮ը˹Ҳûȥɻʲô칬ִ棬۲
Щ֮Уߣŭޡ
ͥǶâţΪΪɽƽΪķš塢âŷǶֵã
һΪݶţ˶ˢˢؿ칬ţֻڼ칬ִ߱£һλīִ߳ƺȼѪǴˣȴǳ֮ˣâš
칬ͨ񣬳ԽҶĴڣâţ
â¹ڳòãαװ֮£ȴǻеΪ顢˵
ˣʤ

âųڹĿ֮У˶ó칬ͨóգȻͻȻһ䳰ȷ
ɵۣĴܣ칬棬λˣϵضâһм
С֮
â˲ŭˣ
ǺҲ֮ǰͥĺӵ칬Ϲͥر£ֻ֮䣬ӥ˫ͫסգݷѾҵ˵֮ˣĿȻΪȼյĻ棬̺նɱκɵ۵־棬ͬ
ٿ
֪ңԶգʼ͵˶ֲȻöϻɵۣ侳һ㣬Ķڲ
ֲǾǿߵֶΣ
ǿâšҲǳ۰һ𳬼ۣȻϹͥ칬ϧֶΣͥ칬Сâţǰϧ
Ҷȼ޷˵ࡢꡢ棬纺Ȼ˶޷
âյǿ߽ƣš
âŰâţⱰСˣ֮ɽ㣿үүɱˣûɱ㣬֮ܣүүסˣ
еǿߣƺâŸղǴԽյĹȻ쳤ХԶȥ
âգʦһ߶ȣֶҡҡͷЦϰˣ
â֣ĸ칬Ĳ
ʱɵۡ˻ڴӸղǿֲлع˵ʱסȻ̧ͷâţͫûŭ෴ֵıһɵȻƽĿ⡣
Ҫ֪ǰâţǱͥڼ飡
âŲȻҲһϡƽûûгޣͬƽʱ˰Իֵܡģ
ⷬ⣬ˣ
ͦţǹǻʹ࣬Ȼûκ쳣飬ƺκ̷ʹ࣬ڣϧ֮ǰҵֵܣ֮󣬵ͬΪıⱲӣֻе
ԣΪЩȥһ̣Ҳֵһ
Ѳҵֵܣ
ԣҲ䣬
ݷУû칬˴ڣеֻб˴ˣǹͬĹȥ
޳ܡ
âŵ˵ˡ
ϧˣΪâӢۣȻ壬Сһ
ˣƲâΪ
âţ޳֮ͽֵܣϹ۾СˣŸ
֮УһȵĴ
ұɣ޳ܣǰСˣЩ˾ӣȴǹûʣб±ڰ䵱Сâַŭˡ


796 ֮
ȻǳǿߵĶԿ̨â֮գƺûĿ꣬Ҫǿɱ
ͽ
ͻȻ֮ӿһӦһĿ£һ
âſˣһ컡ߣǸֵͥǣâž֪ҹҹҪҵͷɣҵͷб£ҲǴߣ
һץһŷֳޱȳһ
칬ߣɱۣ
ⷬ棬칬âͥǿ֮ĶԻڣݷ·ˣΪ˰裬գֻâšʦˣǿߣˣȫΪڡ
һִ߿ʼͷһˣֱӳ˷ȥץʥɵҪɱˡ
칬ִߣͳͳ
˶ˣ֮ǰЩߣԸִߵ£÷ᦣͷſֲɱһͬǣ칬ִɱ
䡫
û˿ʲô£߸ϵգͻȻһ𣬾ɽռףڲ֪ɽռ̶ٱ֮£칬ִѪײǱɡ
˴֮һɱᦻΪƣҪִնɱŭһ𣺡𣡡
Ȼɱ칬ˣ
칬Ŵ߳һߣһֲشԽգȻ䣬һָţһУ̫ͻȻٶʵڿò˼飬˶޷ӦͻȻһ㡣
͡
ֲָش̴ţһף˫һʬ׹ϻ¡
һɵǿ߳Ϊϻꡣ
һĻˣǼɵΪǺʵѾͨɵۣǸ߽ɵۣһһʽһ񣬾ԺɨͽɵۣһҪһƬ
ǲ
ʮͥĺ߳һ£ƺڱ֮Уֳ
ðɱ٣ЩˣٶνҲ⣬ȫɱ⣬
Ǽߣͨ칬ִߣһоɱˣʮҲ֣һһκʵͨ⣬ʮˣֱӽٶ
ѵͥˣװ
ˣεҡҡͷЩˣġ
ٿ
ۼʮˣȫǼ߶֣ǷҲҪɱĽ֣ͻȻͨ⽵һ̣Ȼͣ١ᡣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ϊ߰ɣ
ż߹Ȼͣǿߣɽ˷ľͷƺоһصƣع׷׿ʼ˵ˡ
ǿƿȻܰѾɽռ䣬׵ƿأҪұƿأСǧҲûа취ⲻɵ۵˿ռͨԽɽĴڡ
һǿ߷ԣҶҲǶĿռ䣬ͨռ绨ţǼߣһ㵿־ؿˡ
ˣڵ㣡
ЦˣһͷѵգݷӺڰ߳ͷŵ⡣
ΰˣ
ʮˣ̼õȣͬʱϥأգϿͷ
ߵģ
ϵƺһͨӿУû𶯣෴ھ粻ڣ޴ڣκοռʣߡ
¶õЦݣߴƣͬͷžƣһ趯֪ڵ㣬˵Ҳ˵âҲ˵Ҫصǵĵط
磬㲻
âͻȻ˫ۣƺ˶Իܣƺⷬ
˭Ҫˣ
ˣԺжʡ
־ƿءˣ̫ǿˣԵɽƿ򣬼Ϊһ壬˺һ
ҶϧΪɵĴڣˣ̫ңԶɳǳľ롣
˲ΪߵĿֲҵҲҶȴδġ
ৡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬칬ִߣץʥɵÿϵı˫ͫһ㹲ͬڲ
âţѲͥˣϧûǰҰģֵܣâţǱͥĿ꣬ң԰ɣ
ƺؿ
磬˵ˣĿ꣬㣬칬ô꣬ΪľǶԸ㣬ϧҲǴ֣涼·磬â޳ܣһӢۣԲͥҲҪվģϣ
âĿ飬ѹţտ˵
֣㣬ͥͥӢۣҲȥ϶㿴磬ŵԣΥâţ㲻ֵܣǵˣ
Ȼ䳰һâţʸ˵𣿱磬ͥ칬ǺֶΣ˵̫࣬ɽ˫۾ῴУ칬ɱβˣ
˵ĺã˵ĺá
ַһܲ˰Ц

âɫ䣡
ȥɡ
ݷ޴ڣ˶Ի
ˣˣ˭赲ҵĲҵֵܣǴؼҵģɽǿߣͥҲ󣡡
Ȼ͸գţ칬ִ߼ڲеʥɵ޷ס
칬ĴǿľʦץסȻգĺã

˾Ȼǽʱ˿̣ϻˣʼͷӿӿĺһߡ
ˣ־ۣɽǿߣΪʲô־ۣ칬ѹˣܸıʲô
Ŵվ𾪵
û뵽βܼ˵еͥˣҲˣҲһ
桢Įӣʱ˿̣Žĳ֣Ҳòڴ
ѪӢӣÿŮĿеӢۣ
Ȼӣ֪ı䲻ʲôˡҶ̾ϢԽ뷨һ
ৡ
δ֣еǿߣɽţͷ־ֳ֮е󷨣˶ܿ
ΪɽĴǣҲˡ
ξ񡭡ȸʦ㡭ȵϢˣҶٴͷŸӦͷϢ֮еĲϤͬϢ
ˣ
˫۾գʮþȵĺˣӭա
ɶ񡭡
ǱƿصĿռ䣬ڷϧ޷ıʵǶһ£ܣֻܶ϶˵֡
ӡ
һӰ˶֮ϣӰֻһϣռ˲Ũ칬пռ䣬Ϊԭʧ
ɶ񡭡
ߣĨɱˣÿִߵߣ׷սʥɵҪһϡ
Ӱ޷֣һͷɢﶯţ˫֣һۣݡƺԣ֮һɷǣںǰ˫֮ͫУǶϤ⣬ڵӣһһ̳޾ɣ֮ǰס


797 ׳Ӣ
ǽ
վɽ۷ӣΪͥףȻ칬ԿӢ˵е
칬ǰˣУϢǱ顢¼š
û뵽ϵˣУʵΪģ֪ɵĿˣ칬
칬ڲһЦ
ޱ飬ɣӣһֱɽֱӳЦһҲĿˣֻǲм칬ȼκƣǰ޴Σ

Ǿŭһ
ͷһĿ⼸ʮˣǿߣ֮ǰҾ´κֵͥܣϻ£ѾΥҵ־
ǣˣ
ʮ˹Ϸߣ칬ִ߾ȻǰǾʦҲֻܰװ׿Щȥ
磬㲻
â˵ˣȻһڴ磬֮ͫУȴֻɱ¾ӡ
ҲɣǵŵԣԶǣûбѣҲ㣡
գû˿־壬һž޲ƣϢûһ˿һı仯֪Ǿ޴壬Ҳ˿ݣ
磬֮ǰܼһ棬ֵԸΪֵģֵֻر˵
ʦת칬Ȼһݣŷȥʮ룬ýߣ
ʮ룿칬ǽ쿴Ҫնɱڴˣ
ϣһ˿飬˿飬һ˿Ц⣬ܿ͸Ц⣬һЦԺء
ʮܳ㽻֣ʮ㣬칬ǺеģӦӣ
һ޵Ϣ칬֮𵴳Ǻεֻ֪Ϣ뽣Բ档
ǿߣ
ʮ룬ҾΪһһãоδΪ˲ݣ칬ִ
һֵǿ־Ȼ˵ˡ
޵ĴڵĴڣܣǲǲ֪ɣңʮһǶԽ⣡
ǹûʰ
һܾȻЦ˳
ɽۣû뵽ݣҲע칬ͥħֵİɣ
޵Ϊ˵
ɽۣ
ҶϢᣬû뵽ղܣȻɽۣɽħڵľλֶͬȵĴڡ
ɽ֣ʱ򣬾ͳһ֣ħˮݣˣһǺͬ仰͸ù䣬ʮһλ칬ǿ־ǣδ̫˰ɣ
ȻһȻ֮մݶƺھɽ֮Զʱգʹն
ǣ
칬޵Ȼֹ
Ϣԭʥɽˣû뵽ִڣɽۣע
һ޵㵵˵
ʥɽ
ˣ𾴣ֵգ棬ǿʥɽǿߣʥɽĴУÿһ棬ɽǿߣ칬𾴡
¿ɺãɽħڵɽۣʥɽ棬Զʱգͨͨ־
ʮ벼õ޵֮£Ҫɱܣ֮һζΪԸִ֮ˣֶγͽ䣡
ʦͿ˵
ͽ䣿
ͻȻ˵ˣ칬ƾʲôҪγͽͳͽ䣿˾ͱǸ߰ıϢţ
ʮ룬ɽ磬ͽ㣡
޵ڽǰֳһߣÿһƿܣû˿飬˵ľģϢȻ뽣Թ棬ʮ룬ʵ뽣ͬ߶ȡ
һ˵ܺãã
ҵֵܡڴˣұ˲ܲʮ룬ǿӣȻûж飬ʮǿߣǰ
磬ýˣ
˫һˣܹע£ٴ߰ͷ­һͻ˵
֮ʱˣ
ʦһֲס𵤡ͷ­ǻȴǵģʦǰת߸߾չ񼫣Σɽ磬ò֤˿̣ȥ꣬ջᰲϢ
ȻУ
ˣǸ߸ϵɵѵУͥ޶ԡ
ٽˣǲῴͷذɣˣɻؽһ𳬼ۣ˵еѵҪ˱
ֵͥܣ
Ҷߣ޷ȥܰװ׿һӢʹ˱ȥʮֲʣƽ
Ҷüͷһ壬һͬߴգˣֵܣ㿴ʮ룬ĸǳۡ뽣âšʦɽ۰Ĵڣͥٶ֣٣һ³ǳΪϻµ꣡
Ȼһıôһ塭̾ȻȻ뿪˱ȼ

ҶȻ˿ں̿纺أ纣ҽ£ͽˣģ澳֮бɾɵۣǻҪһͬȥնɱǶ۾Ҫ⿪ǵܡ
˵ˣ㡭纺һ֮ͫУ˸ŵģ˲ʧƽʱ䡢ǧ֮ı顣
ಡ
һ⣬̴Ҷӿ纺ڣЩϡ
ţ㣡纺Ĭˣͬ֮µɫ
䣬ʱߴңǵģ£ҲûףҲûôȥˣ

ҶȾȻֻ纺Ŀ£Ϊԭʧࡢꡢ涼ûвҶȾȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ĳһƲ֮С
Сǧȥɣ
Ҷ˳һӡע֮УȻһƣͬռ䲨գ۽գһ̣Ҷȿ칬̴߶ȫѪܵطڣȼգҶģΪһͨꡣ
칬ҶһЦ֮ͫУȼ޼ᶨȻɽ˺֮С
ﷸԼ̣Ծ졭
֮ϣ칬ǰʦغģ֮󣬼´ɱ
ˣ
ಡ
һʱ̣´ɽ˺֮Уֳһˣͳͳһ£ǿɱ⣬ŭֳڶ࣬֮࣬ɵ
һǿ߿ЩˣЩȺ̲֮סˣ
кˣη칬գͳͳϥء
ߣߣľĵ
˵˵߾ߣ
ʦһӣ칬ִ߾ͿʼγȦΧסˡ
·ɣ
âתһץһִеʥɵУһһ
˵ˣûʸ񣡡
˵ĶԣͽԼȻС
ˣǲ
ɲǣӿˣ˺֮УҲɳһЩûµˣȻͥˣȴҪӪ
Ȼ뿴䣬ܿͽӽʮ򣬶һڲӡ


798 
Ƕˣͳͳͷأ
ʮӿȻͥ϶һӴ󷴿칬칬ִߴ칬ɳ
ʮ󣡣
Χʮ룬һλߣƺͲͰ壬͵Щ칬ļؿ칬ϵĹԣͬһ俪Ѷϻգ˲仯Ϊһֲ
âšʮ򷴿߼칬ִߣһ칬µľ塣

֮⣬֮ϣֳǿ־ظľͷɱ˳̾
ڶϻ˷ˣͻᶼ۾ڴ֮⣬ĿýӪ칬սĿʼ
һ̣Ҫ٣עɽԶǵӣһһɽʷӡ
˲
㱻ʮ򷴿ûһֻкһͥĺˣ󲿷ˣǻ칬ΪеĴڣԭ򣬼Ӫж֮С
ÿˣǣȺ鼤ܣʵǵɵۼ߶ȣеͳͳڵĸ߶ȣȻǰС
Ǻαأ
̾
Ҫߣ칬ҿа˽ǣƷǣ
иǿΪХŭ
Σҽ޻أʮƺ׼Ҫ֣ƻԭα¶
һˣҪԿʮǿߣоΪʮ칬ִ߾ǾϵˣʱݷѰһᣬһȡͻᶯɱУý޷
ʮ뽥СΧȦ
㲻һˡ
ͻȻһ硢صڴ֮ڣ֮

ʦâšʮ˾ǽɫͨЩ칬ִߣ֪һ𷴿칬Ҫˡ
ʱ˿̣֮ϵǿ־·ϻΧͨˣͬһѰԴĳ֡
һɽ磬ɱ칬칬ִߣһ鷲ˣһһ鷲ˣͬǣ罣зһƷ칬ҪƷһҪ칬Զɽʧ
Դɽϵɽۡ棬µͨɡ칬ǿƣȻ˵

ȻǼǧǰ䶯һʱһɽ磬Ȼɱ칬
֮Уɵ۾㵡𺳵̾Ϣ
ʦɱһЦһ칬ִ½磬һֱץ㣬⣬վȻˣͱ
칬
ն̣˫Ŀע£һԭƵ⣬ʮ֮ڵգرٿȻһ˱۵ħһɵֲûʶس֣ħԱߣ߳һλ£ͷɫͷȫòӡ
˱۵ħ
ͷɫͷ
ͨʮȫͬǰ˱۵ħϢŵϢ칬ִ߼ָָ˸һ⣬ݷƬ̾͸Ӧ˱۵ħҶȵϢƵġ
Ƿˣ˾̤ɽ磬ɱ칬񣡣
֮⣬Ҳ׷óͨ񣬿ʼһһ˶ԣһʱ䣬Ҷȵĳ֣δ¼޴ʡ
ʦ˫ͫŷſֲĿ⣬Ҷ뵶ūһɨͼЦСȻ
Σ
Ҷشս٣Ŀ⣬âʮ룬ȻЩܡ
ҸʵϣΪأ
˲䣬ע£Ҷһ˴ͬˮƽߣȭ
ãáĪЦ
ʦȻһһ࣬âűȼԺһ޺ִвþˣ
һ˲䣬зӿӪȴˣ

ͻȻתʮ򷴿ߣһûб飬쳣򾲵˵ץᣬһһװ칬»ΪǶӦ

ʱĬЩˣܣƺΪ仰׷׾ֹ
һͥĺˣ߳ϥأʵѵ㣬Ӫȴˣ

Ȼ˫ֱת칬һ̣˫֮ͫУ˸һ˿˿⣬һ޵еĳۣͥףȻʱҲ޷糣ˣ𣬰Ѳ˱顣
ǣзߣȴӴž⿴򽣡
˵ֵܣؼңֵ·󣬲¼ɣֱӿЦﳤХ졣
ʹۿǺһ⡣
Ĭ
ž
ʱ֮䣬˶𺳣Ų˼˭Ҳ޷ĳǿߣһˡ
ǵԡ
ȫҪѪա֮Ӣںһ壬ĺͷš
һƬȻ⡣
ûʸֵ·ģÿɣâţ֪ǵԣҽ¶Ҫ£ûˣͻȻĿһݣеʨ
㣬Ҳ硭âŹϵһ䣬ںǾ޺вټ룬Ȼ䱻˰ףһհ
ৡ
ৡ
ˣץһӵıɲǳһſʼʮ룬ȰӰȥѽ֮С
ʮ룬ǲҪңӦû֪еִߣǣҽ£
գ˭ֵ·˭͵׷룡
ʮΧ£ֳΪͥ׵İ̧𱦽ֱӽָ칬
ΪɽΣ棬ǲ壡
ʮȻҲһ塣
ڱңͫȻΪ˽⡣
Щ룬ֶα칬һʮνռʱ˺ͣĿľҪƽǽ֣Ϊаħ磡
ʱҶȴŰ˱۵ūԣϣܴ㣬·

ٴ쳤ХûκԣֻͫһһνֱӴնȥ
ٿ
ΪͨƯҶǰ
˽һ
Ҷһץס͸оϢ־ͬе꣬ڱŭҶеȻ

һִҪҶȡ
ಡ
շɳͱһɾ޴ͨںɽϢֱӸץ˻ȥߣ΢˫۵âţ˿ʿػһ
硭㣬Ϊڣǵԣĥǵ־һữΪƷ칬
ʼ򽣣չֳη޾ͻЦݡ
죬ܳȫ㣬һϴۣˣҲõõأ
˵ʱʦͻȻһͳǰһ㣬һͲס첿Ȼһصԭء
ʱ㡢ɣʴıţһĿ֮
ģδһ죬ΪɵģҶΪɣ칬һᵹµģ
ҶԣĪһЦû˽⣬ͻȻͱˣû˿;찺ס
͡
ط·ʧȥ˺
ҶȹϻӶһ̣ȻΪ˽Ҷһͬͬˣȥ
ѪγȼյĻ棬ڱ


799 ŭ
ȼյѪֹͣȼţ
ɽȻ޷ʱһ̣Զֹͣ
ͷ­߸ߵѪ𣬶ʬһ̱ȫգʬΪһ߸ʬ
δ𡫵δ𡫣
۵ͷ­ǰ꣬ͬõѣӢӣݷȻڳХ졣
һֻ֣ٿȻסͷ­
Ϣ
ֵֻˣǣҶȣԱǰ˱۵ħͷ­Ҷƺڡ
ˣ
еķߣͳͳӢᣡ
칬ִߣҲûһЦſ䣬뷴߽ͬһɫž
֮⣬˶վе񷣬еĵͷĬֹֹͣͣ
֮ϣЩǿ־ֳǿߡѡĬ
һ𳬼ۣһɽ磬վھ۷ˣݺɽ꣬Կ칬񻰵ˣȻȥˣУµڣĨȥЦصӢˡ
ߡ
һĴܣ˵ˣ
ಣ
ҶͻȻƶеıΪһӡסͷ­ֱӴȥһգֻľذͷ֮С
͡
ͻأһ
Ҷȱ󣬾ʦͻأɱֱָӶҶţײеҪץסʲôҵӣҪץס㣡

ʦݻ٣һ˱۵ħըˣʦüͷһ壬ȴĿտҲʲôûץס
ԭǾүү
ʧҶȵȴΧ޴ڵĴʦ֪Ӿô𣿹Ǳֱָһץץͷ­оϣķѣ
ʦ÷衣
Զʧʦ칬ŶãͥǣҲٴɱ칬ǵϳһִʬ
Ҷʧڴ
һϵ칬𣺡һߣߣЩǴˣͳͳѺҪĥǣ
ɱ
ʦֵ
Ϊ˱𣡣
߶ˣ

ߴĶʮǿ߰Χ֮еĽͻȻҡҡͷ۸ӵͫû֪ʲô顣
ٿ
ѱĽڷߴɱʱͻȻһȥʮǿߣǳۣݵظȥ
֮ͥ뷴칬ֵܣκ˲üװ
ʮǿ׷ʹ֮£Ȼ˰Σ֮Уһһɽ籩Ͱѷǰֵˣ˲ɣȫǽΰ֣ţڼɱʱֶǴԵһ⡣
ٿ
̾칬أȴƣ޷ۿŽ⣬Ե¡Ȼʵֱնһӡ
ಡ
зߴŶԽ޾⣬Ž籩ʼӣ칬ִ߲ɵӣʼɱ¾ȥ
ɱ¾ʼˣ
ЦЦҲһȻΪһΪνʲôֵԣȴҪĿɱ³
һ޵칬ڶƺ˵֮ˣ칬ľǿߣһڰУѰһᣬԽǻ
עҪѪɺӣʯɽҪǵѪҵֵܡ
ת칬Ŀ֮Уɱ

ʮڵȵᣬǿƵ֮Уѹơնɱûᣬʮǿߣͻͬʱ֣ռҪ缦ѹ顣
мС֮
һ£ֻسǰһ߳ʱһޱȿֲĽӽżͣһ̣Ȼ֮ƣ˷ٿȻһƳޣǰ˷
¡
ڽͷ£ʮ֣һȻͬƤƵģɨͳͳɾߣ˾ǻȫǽĶ֡
ٿ
ͻأһڽǰգһʥɵһֻƶ£ռһ̣ûзӦǲԷΪ޷һ¡
͡
ʥɵײСޱȵز뽣š
ţһˣ۶סͷȫģֻܿһеĵĳۡ
̫ˣ
Į˵
찡ҿ쳷۶֣ǶҪܵ
ϻ¿ʼң˿ʼߣԶϻ£Ϊһ֣ʩչͨǾһ֡
ǳһҪлл㣬ҵѪһֵͬ
ˣ֮һţߴǳ칬ִ߲ɱ칬֮ǰʥɵŵĽͻȻ˵һöԷǿ޷׵Ļ
ͻȻһȭգֱӺڰϣ˸ûκηӦͬĿռ䣬һȭֻһȭɲӰ

˲˰ǿߣ֣һץһĻ޴Ľ⣬֮ᣬָ칬Щ޳Сˣͳͳɣ
ȻһĻ⣬ֱ칬ն£

һ£칬ȻնµĽ⣬ֱӿ֮ϣײƣͰΧ칬ִ֧飬ȥˣ칬𶯣ֱǧײͣ
ɶʱ䣬һϢڽڵΧûʵ壬ֻƣһ۳Ӱ
ʮˣ
ɽԼúܣλСǣΪһһ󷨣סңɣ޽֮أ
˫ֱ󣬾Ȼʮ𳬼ۣٷ񷣬󷨣ʼ赲ǽƣֱӾͰ󷨺𣬶һʮ׷ɱ£񷣬ΪǷ
һߣ
ڽĹ£֧飬칬ִ߱˵ʦ侲ʼɱߴâţ˫֣칬ƺһ޹ء
ǿĽɱۣҪɵۣ
Ӫ֮Уһ꣬ڻ֮û˿ţҶĺˡ
磬Сǧʱ̸ӦϢСǧˡ
һҶ֮аȥ
Ϊֻġȴͱ칬Ͳ޵˵һʮԴ칬Ƥ£
Ҷûߣǵȴ칬ִɱһž޲ؿ񷣺ͱˡֵܡȻһӢҶȺˣֵˣ
ʮ칬۰Χи칬ͷҶȺһΣҪȫˣ̫ˣ
ΪֵܣưΣΪͥϧеУǣػ۽Ҷȡ
ҶȺһ㣬ѡ϶²֣
칬һҪ㸶شۣҶĿǰ
ЩˣͳͳҪ
ʮ칬ִɱڣҶɵۣһִ߾ʥɵһնҶ뼸𷴿ߣˣҲûУһѪִһһŷӡͬҶʮ˱˲ӡ
ţһ޴УͰҶȵ룬칬ȥʧ칬


800 ͷ֮
칬ݷͬԣبŲţű칬ִ߷ӡҶˣݷ칬޾Ԩ
칬Ȼһ칬ִ߼ӵвٿ칬˼顭Ҳ֪칬Ҫ͵δٷְӦǾɽ磬Ѻ칬ﷸĵط
칬ִǿ£ҶѾˣ޷ȴͷӡﵽһɿ޵״̬ں޵֮Ľ𵤣ȻڣںϾͳֳһ״̬
˵ñ칬ִ߷ӡ³һԭȷʵҶʵ칬ִߣһԭȻǹ칬ƿ֮С
ĿǰΪֹ֮ǰµļƻ
ǿ£칬ƿ̺ԣŪ޴޷ߡ
Ҷȿķʮ𷴿ߣʼַ͵ҪͻӳȥǸֹûκζ
һһʯ󺣣
˶겻ֻҶһ侲ţȻǸأгģͨϷϡﻩķߣȫ޷ߣִ˷ӡɵۼǿߡ
ɱЩ߶ɵۡﶼޱǿ󣬶ɽ磬ɵͬӲݣﶼԼ
ɵñӡ³Ȼ֪һɽ칬ЩѺڷӡеһ޷ĥװΪ칬ṩʧȥ
ɵ³ʵڱ
ˡ⴫ͨӦֱ칬ƵģſһЩͽɵۣǸ߽ɵۣܿ
һͨڲϴ֮Уʮɵ۶Ĭˣ׷ͣ֡
ǶҪͷ֮磬ֵͥܣִץڳͷ֮磡
һˣҲʮ֮УΨһһͥķҡҡͷ˵
ͷ֮磿˵ǵطգ֪ŶˣǳҲУǿһҲų
һɵۣӡ
Ȼλܵ칬ѹкѡ񷴿칬Ӧð֮Ժ֮ͥͨһԱҿɻ壡Ǹҽܵ
մ磡
˶庰
ʵȻҲ֮УǿһΪҲɵףһһÿһ𷴿ߣһһʾ⣬ĿҶϣλСֵܣ磬Ȼʱ̣칬ӪˣЩɵʵ֪Сֵγƺ
մ磬С죬һɢޣҲǱ칬ִ׷ɱ֪ѲдӢҸģͷ֮磬޷Ҳ˿ڣ
ʮɵ۷ע£Ҷվһ壬칬˵Ҳˮ˳ˮֱ£û˻һ֡
СֵǸֹ֮һɵ޵
մ磬Ҳ֪սôˣһ˴칬֮У֪ҪԿٳ׷ɱ
˼֮һɵ۾Ϳ嵣ʵ

һʱһƳ֪ν޴ѣȻһЦͥ䣬ĳۣ֮еľްԣһսδйΣգŽܷ׻
ֻϧΰˡ
һۼ֤ˣնɱһ칬ǿߡ˵ʵҲǳ֮޵еĴڣ
ˣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ÿ˶ۺ飬Ҷȣݷоֻ΢΢زȡͷ­·һ̣ģƺԶ޷գڰԨ
һӢȥ
ҪǽҲҪȳˣô׽ˣ˺ģͻȻһ𷴿ߣ̾һԹԡ

ݷ仰˵ÿﻰֻÿ˶ͷĬֱ壬Ͼ˵ĻΪͥ壬Ȼŭȥάͥ

ͻȻЦһŨüӢ֮ͥǲκ˿λֵܣˣǸڼâţͨԱһŵԣ
ͨڣͬȼգÿˡ
뽣վ۷ˣǣɱ¾ǵŵԣԼֵܣ֣֮칬Уÿ˶ŵԵԸԱҲѡִУˣֵͬһѡŵԣŵԣǲġ
˵âų칬ʵܾĥ֮ûѡԼΰĽУԼֵУֵ׵ˣ·ţ޺Ȼ䣬˭Ҳ뿴ǡ칬޵˵ֵͥɱҲܾˣ칬ܳΪɽССͥȥ׺
˵ƺЩ˵ڣ߰Ͳüȥȴ˵֡
ǲס
дᣬҶԺĿ

ͻȻڴͨͷһֲɭЦݣ˺ͨ侲
Щˣɣͷ֮ǳͷ֮磡
ͷͻأسһҰţ˸޷ѡһ˵Ұ֮С
¡¡
ʮ˴ݺڼӲҰĵذϣţ½бӡķߣҰ磬ңƾɵȻһ֮ײѪܵײ
ʲôʣɵһ¾ܵش
ǧߣŭۣ޷ǰʵ
Ǵ޽֮أɼɸʴɵģʮƷӲȣ˵ɵۣǳۣҪݻʮƷܣǳͷ֮磬ʣȹĵط
ִĿ߳滹ŲǱˣǾһȺǻɭɭԽԽķߡ
ɵһףպɱľЩִߣ
һ𷴿ߣִߣΪɵһףУֵһᣬһֻϣǺݺݵͷһִͨߡ

һִһץϤʥɵˣһɵͰΪﵽɵϵķͨϡﻩ
ͣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɵֱӰѷأڵ涯£ûϢ
ʵǰɣڳͷ֮磬ʵܵѹƣǣǸ߹ִߣȴʱóͷ֮˵ǣǳۣҲǰ
һִ߳߸ϣˣӦд䣬иַɣͳͳΪ칬ĲƸɣ

ִֻǴһӡǧϿգͽһ⣬з߸޷⣬ʯѷеķ඼Ǵһһߡ
һ
ˣܲʵ
λִ߻һץʧȻЩײǱˣȥɣúýѵЩˣҪɱҪУƾǴãֱʵʵ

˾ͳ˳칬ӣʼкŰÿһߡ


801 
Һ֮ǰѴ޽䡢ֽκηСǧָ纣Ȼξʧˣͷֲ̫֮¾ǽѹҲӳȥ
ǧ˷֮УҶǱſڵϣǹȥЩ̺ķǱǴ䣬ߣץץסɶЩǶռѪ
ҶʲôûУģ֮ͫлһ£Щײһѷ˹˾ʹ򣬾ᣬз˾ֱӱնɱҶҲúʰһ
һǧߣʵʵˣͷ֮磬ֻѡ

Ҫ͵ʵʵ֮ǰӻɽУͷ֮ͳΪ˹ӡ
Ǿͼ򵥣칬ִͷ֮磬ɱĹ֣Ƿߣжٷɱ١
ͷ֮򵥣ҪŲס
Ⱥˣүүߣ
ݺݵˣȫͶ칬ִߵͽЩִָʹʲô¶ɵóʰ֮󣬼˾ͰҶԼⲻʶĶʮˣ׷ȦƵģ˸
ʼʼտ֮أ˰ʱǰͳһƬƬ޴ÿһ֮УѺŰ£ܶţͷƺи鶼ˡ
ǺǣǵФϴǰЩ죬ɱһˣȦһµģ֪ͣã
·һʱֻһſǰֻмЦУЩķߣݷҪܵ޷ĥ
ȥݼǼϴ󣡡
ԱһŴ򿪣ʮߣ˰Ҷȵ˺ݺݵظϽȭཻȫ˿
û뵽ͷ֮磬Ҳ֮еļΣӣ߰ģ浱ϴ󣬿ЩˣͶ칬ִߵķˣԲһ죡
ҶԽԽķ
ϴµӸŪˣ̫࣬ϴˡ
ݺݵˣڰ֮أˣɵڰ֮һ˫ͫ
ʱз˶ʵʵ
ϴ󣬴ҳФϴ󣡡
һࡢ߰˳ߵ׳ֻ߳˰̣еĵطжĸãһ֣˶ڲ궼ûˣ˫ֱ
ФϴĿֻɱһ֪ɱ¾ħԸ޳
վŽųȥģϣģҪȻһúܲңִҵϴǵϴͲ˵˸ǳͷ֮йأˣеˣ
ФϴȻʼ磬΢΢һ£Ȼһᣬתͳȥһɨиίεظȥˡ
Ƕʵţ
ˣѴ󲿷ַ˸һԣȻҶȡʮˣԱߣи˶ڳͷ֮磬ִ˭ǣǾÿϴ˵㻰ͷܴ֮Χ滹ΧǹѺ۵Ľͷ֮Ĵ򣬵ȻרųͷĶء¯ȵȣִ߶Ըвµķˣʵǽȥһ£

ŵö¹Ǻ˼Żͷˡ
ÿϴϴĹأĹأͺܼ򵥣ϴ˵ĻǹأˣϴΪɱ֮ǰϴ󣬶ȡϴλãΪͷͱ붾ĥ꣬а綾ܣΪһӣÿÿһ죬Ҫչأϴϴʹ࣬ǱԸ⣬ЩģȥΪϴһȥɣ
˵꣬ͲˣкõĴ̣ԡϢǴ棬ʲôûУֻڼӲϢ
ͷ֮粢ûѹ󷨣Ȼ㣬˻ԽһЩɡޣȥûġ
ҶվҶȴմ磬ͥˣҿܶ෴ߣٳΪִ߹ӣҪģ
㲻ˣֻҪͥˣִ߸ĥСܣΪͥһԱʱ׼ȥˣʹʲôϧͷ֮磬޷նɱִߣȻɱȥô㣡
֪Ҷһ⣬Ҷȼ򣬷οҶȡ
ҵˣ˵仰ͽٶ
ǺǣͥĳԱˣЩͥˣϴϣ֣֮ȥִߣģֻҪܼǶء¯̣㶼ģ
ֱӾͰˣΪ֮ϣûзݶȥ

һߣҶʶ֮ˣû໥ֻб΢Ĺ
Ҷ˿䴦ԱҲмˣû˿ҶһۣҶڼӲ棬͸оһ֣־޷ԽҲκθӦ޷ȡκϵȷʡ
ûСǧû䣬ֻм̵ģǿ־Ҫһʼѳɵۣٴ߳ȥ
ȴֶ˲ҽУʹ࣬ҲŭҶȳûͷ֮ʧʧֻʶ𵤴ڣһ״̬
޵˵֮
ͷ֮翴޵еʵϣʴ沼һ󷨣γ۶޷ӳȥĳͷ֮磡
֮УҶȲǷǼʼںϲ߶𵤣ܵ޷ܵĴڡ
ںϸȻһϵõ޵ָ㣬õ۴Уòʼģ΢΢
̫һκͷ֮磬κ·һǣȴ޷Ҷȡ
̫һ֮ҶΪҪðգĴۣͷ֮֮һ
׷ȻΪһ壬Ѱ֮Դͷ֮ʣҲȻ֮ɣҶ˵Ҫճͷֻ֮ʱ⡣
ΧҪ֮Уͨһ㿼飬Խңɾɵ֮ģ
ҶЦЦţ칬ҪгԴ
ǳΣҺõõ޵˴Уϣγͷ֮磬òиѱ䡭
ûа죬ҶȾѾϰ߳ͷ֮Ϣͷ̫֮£ǿףҪϱǿֳܷͷ֮ܣǸ޴򡭡ͷ֮ȻڰУȡÿ㲻ִնɱЩҲҪڴˣ
Ҫץʱ䣬ճͷ֮ڵѹƷִ߿⣬ʱ䲻ˡ
Ȼ䣬ҶüͷǰֻղФϴȥǸˣҡҡλε߳˲ͬʱ˹ȥ


802 
ˣͬҩʧȥǣľҡҡλδӺڰ֮߳
֪νʲôڣǼΪ¡
˽ȥʱѣɫ԰ף֮ͫУа񶾹⣬Ϻһһ飬ƺܵӰ죬ҲļΪأƺ֮һġ
䡫
棬һԵڵأϲ
ֻûһȥģƺǶմϻ
Ժ󣬾ģһ˭һĺ˭һΪϴԸͻõϴգû˸۸
һФϴ£˫֣ʮֵ˵һɨˣ׷׵ͷҵС
ˣڴ
ҪⶾкζߡȻҶȺȻվԱߣ䣬ǽ档
Ҷһٶ˿Ҳҡҡͷ꼸°ˡ
˻ۣҶһۣ£һȿȡ
ʱҶϣ̣һɵĶӿҶƺҪҶڡ
Ȼ˳Ҷڣ̫һڵȺţ˲ͱ̫һӡҶĬĬ뿪꣬Ա£оӡ
ҶԪע£ӡ֮еĶӵһɡ빵ͨͷ֮Ĺ̫һͻͷ֮ѳȥͷ֮ںϡ
ҲʮְԵ̫һÿһɣĦײ̫һԣȫѹκֱȫ
ФϴԶܵĥ
ֶԣ޶ħĶ޷ȡûǾ綾һа䴫ȾɢκΪľͷ
ֲóͷ֮ܿôɵۣⶾһ㣬ƺͷ֮й໥ںϡ
һͽɵۣҲǺ˵ģȻΪФϴ֮֮һôǱԸʴǸˣѵФϴڡֻɢ
һδε˼⣬춾Ҷ֪ǽ⿪ͷ֮ܣ뿪ǽɵ۵Կס
ϧΪ̫޷ĶԸԴոԴҶȾͿо綾
Фϴ󣬳
Ȼڿȣһﷸˣﷲ˲򵥣ȫһֺûκܹ̣Ǿ綾Ƶļ󣬵ִߣͷ֮ƿߣݣȴﷸ
ֵܣлһѣ
ǸĥһˣʼתȻŵöʱҶߡ
ÿֻ˳ֶѣҶ֮ˣܰͶһ£˵ҡ
Ҷȿɵ˵ֿЩﷸҶɻʵҲﷸΪ˼ɵ
Щˡ
ɵȻ̬ǿˣͱŭڣһȺСˣ޳֮ͽǷ칬ϧץͷ֮磬ܵһḥ̂һ͸ıΪ칬ĿŹǾִߣˣݱߣգܵǡЩۣϣִ߶Ыĳ
ԭǱߣʲôôִܵ߿ƣ
ڣҶȺˣΪˣͷ֮绹кܶҪȥ⿪ͷֱ֮һ硣
ôǿôģֻҪΪ칬£ڳ෴䣬ͥܵȵȣͻӵ뿪ͷ֮磬ΪִߵϣѾмˣǰã뿪ͷ֮磬عɽ磬ΪִˣΪΣҪͶ칬ԭ򣡡
ˣ˭һӣЩ˲ȥ£ˣӪͷ֮磬칬Ϊ壬Ǻųˣ
ԹЦ
Ŷɣȷÿˣ䵱칬֣ȻմѪܻŻعɽ硭Ҷû뵽ͷ֮磬ԶԼҪӡ
ʲô£
ﷸФϴſಽɨĮȻغһ
ǼУҲˣ
һٶˣţĿˣһȣȫԼͷ֮ˣһЦФϴҪһЩȥÿҪȥҲһ
֪ˣФϴת
Фϴ󣬼ǰɣ㼸βӦ˶أҲܶˣ˲ĥѵϣΪһӣͷ֮߸ϣлָɵϣ˺Ȼʼ˵Фϴ
Фĳţɲ˴£ʲôأжٴٴΣǿҲ˳ۣҵˣҲգ۾
Фϴջ󣬾ȻͷҲûһ£ɭɭػؾͬ
еȥˣФϴʵ̫ˡ
ˣˣҲţܵ綾ĥǸãˣǽˣߣ
ȥ
ȥʲôʲô
Фϴһ£ҶɵڵһӣҶȵʮ˾ͱȦ
ֻʵʵ뿪
Ƕء¯ȵִп̵棬˾£ֵܣҽԬǣģ࿴ɫִܲߣͱȥõǣװ
ֵߵ֮УͷѪȣɵҶȲں棬Ҷʶ
ҶҲ򵥽ԼԬǿǸͨɵۣ֪֪治֪ģҶȿɲ۲ݣĵ
ֵܣǰ
һʱһƺδͷǣǰȴһڣһľ޴ʵɣںϸ󷨣νǹŴв칬ִڰѹء
һ·Ԭǰѳͷ֮ܶ飬˵Ҷ
ɻҪЩȻǺܵģ
֮ǰһЩʼٻ

ɣүүţ
ɱҰɣ
ո˳ŴŽÿ˶䣬ǾҽУиֳݵѪ衣
ֽһξ룬Ҷǰͳһ޴磬ȼհɵĻ¯Ҳбĺءھ޴ĶءһЩ֪ĽطһһԷ߶̡
ǧߣ̨߰Ա߰ڷŸ̷ߣǧ֣ǹӡӡ­ȵȣпµĶ
ʵս
еȻÿ­شӷͷһѪԽͷƤ飻еֱӿƶǣϡﻩһضǣеڲͣ޴еڰƤȡǡķѪ
Ϊɵۣʢǿ󣬾ֻʣһѪ⣬ֻҪԪ𣬶ͨУϵ
Щߣ̣ʹҽУһδεİ޶Եķߣ֮١


803 в
˼һҲΪ
ɵۡҪֻ·һ칬ʵ׼ɱ˲ͷأȴøַĥɵۣ
ҶȿľսʵڴĿģ岻ƺһ
ڻ¯֮УɵбգҶһɵ۱յֻʣһ⣬ͽˣûгɵ䣬עһЩԼʣһⶼܺܿ
еɵ۷յֻʣˣʱͽץ¯Ϳʼָ칬ִⲻĨɱߣҹҹĥɵۣʲôܣЩ߾ǡ
оЩСǰһ𷴿߾⣬û¾棬κ𡢵ġ־᳹ױ̤ĨɱԶͷ֮硣
ޱ߶֮УһߣʹࡢţˮʴǵѪ⣬¶׹ǣѪ棬˳Ÿô뷴壬ʼĥԵࡣ
еķߣΪһ߰׹ǣֻʣһ࣬еֻʣһȣһͷ­ϢԱһͽǲȥһߣȻ̳һظ
в̷Ҷδŵģ
ɻ
ͽҶȡԬǵˡ
ԬǴҶȿʼ̾ߣϴ̾ߣһЩķߣ̧һѡ
磡
ԬЭ£Ҷȵûܵ裬һˣܵ޴򣬰ҶȾȻڻ¯ǰһϤӰȫŸ𣬽ͫ͡䣬Ϊˣͥ塣
ߣ׷ײҽУٶһ£ȻȻ壬۾ݷû˺
ͥĲã壬䣬طǳͷ֮磬ǿǱĥûƢǳۣʲôͨɵ۶ѣҪǣͥɽЩط·ߣ緽ʽ֪ͳͳ˵Ͳĥˣ
һһֲķڳ塣
ǣûжһ£
ѽͷ֮磬֪Ŀֲڰܶ㶼޷󣬺̷ܶʹ࣬㲻Ǹ߸ϵɵǿúܶЩĥ㣬ʺ򣡡˵ˡ
֮岻ûжһ£κϢƺֹˣƤûգ£ȫмա
¿ˮ̣壬ڳͷ֮磬£ǻţɺ޾޾ʱ䣬ڳͷ֮磬ȴĻϣǷݿĸ߰᳹ʧ
ûйյɭɭһЦ뿪ˣ
壬δһ£֮У
ߣˣ
ԬǺȻײײҶȣԱ̧һ˵ɵۣԶ¯ҲʧҶ֮С
̧ɵۣԱ֮Ув֮ڻָķߣضǡ
æµ֮ͷ֮һ죬ڽŹϣȻ֣ҹҶԬǳȥԬǽ˵֣ղˣͥĳԱ֮ǰǲҾͿʶֵܣڳͷ֮磬Եñͥ˲Ϲϵǻ

Էһ⣬ҶģߵҶȺȻҷԨͷڲʣԬ֣ڲǲܽȥ
ͿԽȥƽʱʱû˸ҽȥڲЩߣʵɵϣ߽룬ֻгΪū³ΧһЩϴ󣬻ʱʱսڲϴһսʤͻӹڲΪڲҪúܶ࣬Ҳȥ£ҲˣϾЩߣɽĴڣִͬߣҵЩľͷִܵɣǲŸȥĥЩǿߣƽʱԶԶģڲΧŨ࣬ڻָкܴȥûʵȥ
Ԭϸ˵
ԭǿʵҶ˲ˣͨڲȣյģûκأ˭Խ롣
ɵɵۣ
ЦҶڲһףԿɵۡɵۣ£ҪΧ㣬һΪݳ޵¡
ڿȣʱʱһЩߣݺݵɼۣȻһˮ߼ţ෴ͷ֮磬ϣ󲿷ʧȥӢۺΪɱСˡ
صҶԬ£СһҶʵԬ֣֮սɱִ߹ܲܣ
ڲࡢΧִ߲ܣڵĶɵ۷ǿߣսҪִɣˣÿ˶ȥִƿأڲࡢΧҪɫ¡Ԭ̾ѿҲ
ǽأҶʡ

ԬǺȻֱķûעС棬ſǳŶɽǿߣٵĴܣͥĸ߲㣬Уǽأִֻܽ룬꣬ǹڽ֮УûȥҲ֪ʲô磬ڳͷ֮磬ǽķߣ칬עĶǲģ
ۣͬǰĴڣ
ڲȻѺųۣۣ칬ĵˡ
ԬҶȼͷҡҡͷֵܲüɽ磬Ƕ翵ĴڣϧЩܣڳͷ֮磬ֻ·һͶ칬Ϊִߣϣٴ뿪
Ҷ
ֵܣڳͷ֮磬££ʵʵ꣬ڴһ漣٣ӳһɣԬǲ˵ˣǻҰ޴롣

ڴʱͻȻһʹҽУӼڲ˶ŵվֻФϴʹ౼ʹץ⣬ͫǿ͸ʹ
죬ϴ
Фϴʹضڵͷͻذ壬ĳһ̲ѪһȺ¾æΧץˣͳФϴѹ

ФϴһѪ˫ĿŭһѪ˿ҪըһæһɹѪں϶γһƬӿǰˣؿʼѶ
һ³һԺ쿪ʼǶʮģһһ׼ʱϴ˭ͷأ
һһǶ˵ֻжʮ죿
Ҷ¾ô²һʮͻֵʱФϴͻ⵽Ĩɱ
Фϴûģûϣʲô壡
롭ұڶʮӵжԿФϴɵ׿ֲΪʵ㲻ܶԿҲҪ취Ʒˡ
ҶȾԲûϵôֻһ취ǿƻսնɱФϴ󣬳Ϊϴ󣬲ʸƽƽͷ֮磬ФϴȻǵһҶȴ޴вɵۡ
͡
һФϴƺܶĥͻȻһ֣ذΪɵۣͷ­
ߣ´ԥͳͳҪ
ФϴһɨˣɵʵΧ֮УΪߵģ󲿷ﷸɵһסףָ


804 ʼж
ͻأҶȶкᣡ
ʮķߣҪΪФϴҶȾһҲвһʱ䣬Ҫ̶ʱФϴѶȿ֪
Фϴصָֻˣʬľ뿪ЩˣΪФϴҪɱˡ
֣Ҫ׼Фϴȥܹ̣ڼǾ綾ҹҹܾ綾ĥÿˣΪʹ࣬ΪˣǵĽ֮УҲԾľ綾㲻Фϴǰʹ࣬ҲԶȥ
䴦ԬҶȶǽǣŷ˶ǳȥʵʵɣоͬҹɢȥƽ
˼һҶȾͱ۾һ˵̫𺳣̫಻˼飬ӹĳ֣¶ģͷ֮磬һ鶼λãֱҲ޷ƽ
ûо䣬ʱһѿ̵ʱ䣬һһţ
žÿһˣڳ˯Ǵɡ
ͷ֮硢칬
ʱҶȴһ״̬£֮ľ裬ҶȸͬܣݵޣòʵģںϽ֮Уʵܵʵ
״̬붨ңȫȥҶھںϲҶȾ붨֮Уݷһ˫۾ʵʵؿȡԼ֮
֮УʵȥȡûгãΪҶȾ̫ͣԼӦ֮޷ٸӦ
ɵ֮ͻɵۣνͷ֮Ŀ֮һһ£ҪӵʵգФϴ󡭡ҾҪЩһʧȥ𣬱˼̤
ͷ֮һ죬ҶȳҪʼС
ͷ֮ȷأܹ죬ܶط޷ӦҾͲţ޷Ӧɽһ˿Ϣ
˲߶̫һڲص磬ʼת̫һʼҶȸ̫֮һѽȻ֮һ
ҶȲ߶̫һ˲鿴Ҷ͸оƺûϢǿңһͨˣʵںȻϲ𵤣ھγȻ硣
Ϊˣ̫ȻȻǴӰԵйڳ̬ͷ֮磬ɵִۡ߶޷Ҷܡ
Ҷ״̬ͨûһ⣬ﵽ豹桢ʵںϲ˼ľ硣
߶̫һҶȾͽʵ״̬£ֻǳΣҶֻܴȥУ̫һʼӿ⣬Ϣںϡ
ͷ֮ϢʵأɽϢִϢЩ˵ͷ֮Ѻˣһ
̫һͷ֮ںϣʹӳͷ֮ȻϢ֮УӦصɵϢҲ˵Ҷճͷ֮УǼɵۼĸ߼
һ㣬Ҷ˳ճͷ֮

ȻһҶջ̫һһ԰ףʧɫû뵽̫־ųͷ֮һԣҪգܣЩ´ڣ׸ܵʧȥƽ⣬⼸ƬᱻĨɱ
ͷ֮ȻǱǿߣʱʱ̿ѹţҶҪճͷ֮иʵ
ϻʳڶʳ
ҪҪ취Ӳ
Ҷ¾ͷˣͷ֮磬ǲܻȡΪ𣿹ؼӡ֮ȵб纺Уڵ޷ģһǮѵˣɸΪ֮ҶȾţûҲ޼£ֶͨΣͳͳΪ衣

Ȼŵ𽥿ʼ֡
֣㿴ſʼģȥΪФϴҪȥФϴ󶨵ĹأƽʱֻһЩĸʲô鶼߰ɣԬվɼ
һ˿ûջ񡭡
ҶȼʧֹͣУһҹУջ񣬴Ķδһ˿ο˭ʧ䣬ҶԬ뿪ʮ˾һ𣬳ȥ
Ȼ˷Ĳҽ̷ߣһҹ֮󣬼ʼĥ
أ
ҶԬæţʵʵ¯ʱҶԸӦϢһ죬ͲˣǱѺȥˡ
æµһ󣬺ȻָҶȡԬϰɭɭ׺𣺡ǣǣȥѶЩˣϳֵһطˣҪǲʱɾСүүƤ
ǣ
һȺ˲һ˿ɣ򶾳أ
ҡЩҡ
أץסϳһɵۣ˶ڶҲ֪˶ã඼ʣ°׹ǣѪⸯãģԪ񶼿ʧɵۣҶҪɱ٣⡣
ʲô
ҶץסһѪⸯõòɵۣͻȻŶصĶˮʱһֻֻɫӣشɵӿ붾ء
ֵܣСģⶾǳⶾרĥǵģһմϣҪؾ綾
ԬԱæţҶȲǿ¶棬һͽȥæµˡ
Ŷ
ҶȺȻʲôϣһԭýײЩɵ¿ԺȡǵЩɵۣⶾͶɵò࣬һûá
ⶾ桭
ɵĴڣ϶ˣã̫ˣץסһֻӻȥоо
˷һɨûע⵽ʱҶץסһֻ棬ڣɵۣ뿪Ա֮УȻַæµ
ֱһ磬ҶԬǵ˲ܴ
ֻ棬ƻ֪㶼ѹӡ
ڻ֮УҶѾĬĬоڶ档
ϴϴ
ո⣬ʮ˾Ͳٶһ£ΪȣФϴȻһǿɱФϴһѪۣʱָץסǿ֮Уǿʹ
ϴҪ𣬾һ㣬
Фϴһݣұ͹ָͻȻһһˣһӿǿŰԪ
䣡
Ԭ֣ʬһδ˶ɵФϴ󣬱ФϴɱֶΣŵĿɿڴҶȴ˶ĵ⡣
ԬҶȽʵʵǽǣ뻯ʬشʬ֮⣬һռ䣡
ϧˡһɵ
ųɵɱҶȵûκθдֻһɵʬ壬ΨһԸҶȴԴʱ˷׷׵ͷӭФϴҶ˫üһ᣺ФϴȻĺɱ˲գۡ


805 ֲ
ФϴɱˣҶȼܿʮ֮ûֶηҲ³
ҶȴδоҪʱ䣡
ھͿЩĥɵ۵Ķ棬кط
֮УҶͬ˯ƵģһԬǵԱߣ˵տά״̬
֮гɱ¾ǵȴ
˿Ҷڣ̫һΪӡӡסĴָСǺɫ棬滹Ť£ƺ̫ܵһѹʮʹ࣬뿪ɵѾûײġ
ƺҪ̫һǴӱҶڵһ˿һδ
̫һƺаѹСС棬ȷܲʳɵۣȣ
ʼ߶ӡؽ⿪ͷѰĵطϢڵ磬̫һ󣬶Ƶ˶ţٶ̫ͬţΪ̫һ޷ɻѹȡ
Ȼ̫һκаǣ
ⶾþ綾ȥԵɵ۵Ѫ⡢ȵȣǿʢ̫ˣɵ۵Ѫ⣬ǿɶľЩڳͷ֮磬ÿһˣΣգǶ˵պȱٵ֡գ
ûһ˿вҶȾͷ߶̰棬СС֮УһεεľѪÿһξѪɵ۵ľҶڻȡɵ
ҶҪģ
Ǻǣͷ֮ͭǽڣ۶ѹҲ޷ӳȥֵط϶ܵ칬ǿʱʱ̿ڰмߣЩȴ޷ƣԺЩ棬ɾ֣
һ壡
ͷ֮칬ѹţÿߣ޵ȡУ󲿷ַȻɵۣȴûҶӵֶεͨɵ޷£Ҷȴ
Ȼɵ۲Ƶȡͷ֮УҶҲܣ̫ͣǴﵽɵֲһˡ
ڣɵĶ棬ĥɵۣĥ۵Ŀ˾£ǣҶȾǸ⣬¶棬ܴӶ棬ȡ˾޴
ԼһٶξѪںȻ٣Ҷõһͷ֮磬ҵһ˿⣡
ⶾǿѪգʣһƤңȻģֲ˿£Ҳ֪칬ִģÿԷӡͨײƳɿܣԺڶأרΪɵ۵
ʩչײʮһ֣汾ûʶֻǶѣײʮףϣЫޣܿ죬ͳʵһĿ£Ѫ
칬뾡취ĥߣⶾ棬רɵɱɵۣȴֲ÷һӲдѹơƷߣжɵۼģ
ѶƳɿ֮ҶȾͿʼϢȥϢȥתһתӾ˽ϾͿʼնһٶɵ۾ѪںȻ˲
죬Ҷɻ㵹ФϴЩ£оҶǸӡ
ԣ
ҶһЩˣѰһЩ챻붾棬ĥҪɵ۷ˣ֮ǰˣʧȥ칬⣬ͷ֮粻ɱ˵ģĥ˵ġ
ǲηߣװһˣĥԵָһָǻָʱŪĥ˵ط޾ͷ
칬ֶΣ
ϧЩߣɵۣûˣֻʣ΢Ϣ磬ҲڶʱָҪ꣬ȻҾʩչײЩƳɿܣ
סŴӶһʬİ׹ɵۣҶȾһʧһɵֲۣײἸɵۣҶȾϣ¡
棬ԽԽã
һɨ˷ע⣬ҶȾͰ֮ǰֻ棬붾أִɵڣץʮֻ棬ɵ˳ȥ
ػأҶ֪ջֻ棬ͳͳӡȻæ磬ҶȾͻص
֣ûֵ㣬ôȥǵطȥ˿ɲãһƢõ鷳ˣ
ҶȻصԬǾһɻʵȻʵʵеĵطȥȥ룬֪ġ
˲ףԬϤһҪҶЦˡ
ϴϴ󣡡
ʱ򣬽ٸﷸ־Ū׷վǿȥ
ֻФϴ޵Уһˣʴƺ޷ƶѾФϴŵֱġ
ˣФϴһ֣Ͱɸ߸šƵҡҡλΣ̰֮նҸ³ӣҿɲ칬ĥ㣬һֱӵģ
ϴҴˣҲġ
ͣ
˭֪ڣФϴֱֱ΢΢ֱӰֶϣֲƳԪ󣬰Ԫ񳹵Ĩɱ
¡
Фϴһ֣ʬǽǣݺݿˣҰӣţͷ֮磬£ЩСžţСϷͱŪ
ǣϴ󣡡
Ȼһͷסɵۡ
ãܲФϴһϲƨϲ׷棬Ҷӿʮͷתȥ
Ҷȼæʬ뿪
ФϴնɱɵۣʬûŪʬ壬ɲܰװ˷Ѷ뻯ʬ˷ˣ
˶ΪҶƨʵԴһɵۣɵۼǳıʲôȻҪںϣҪɵҶʵա
ͷ֮ʲô࣬˶࣬ҶЦˣ
ܵŵʬأſʼɵ
ɵʬߵ֮У඼˶ţߵҲǣڣҶûȥʬأ֪λΪ˽Ҷȿʼд߶Ѫɵ֮͸롣
أûܿóߣҶһûκϢ˲ŻҲû
ҶȾҪ˵͵̣澳֮гɾʹ£
һɵɵۣϧˣɵһףҲ״̬ܵͷ֮ѹӡûɵ֮ȡ֮Ҳʵ
õֻ棬õһɵʬ壬Ҷǿϣˣ
ȥʮȥʱƷФϴǿߣͲǳ˵Σڳͷ֮磬һߡ
ͨͷһ޵Ϣ˸ҶȾͼӿٶɵʬ˹͵͵ʵڱ


806 д
ǰǻʬأȻأϢ˹죬ˣɵȫ⣬Ȼ˼飬ֶ߾鷳ˣ
һ·ǰУʬ壬һܿߵǰһ˸Ѫ
ɵҶֻ֮һΪʱ䲻ûлûлȫգֻۿ֮װ״ǰߡ
ӡҶսսǰȥһѪ֮һصռ䣬Ȼʱʱ˸һµѪڣִߣͨڡ
ˣ⼸죬ͬԬ˵ΧԼִߣ⻯ʬؾȻֱ칬ִƿأΪʲô
Ҷɻٳִߣ⻯ʬأȻִأ˼飬ôȥ붼߼
ˣ
ʬ壬Ҷڣæִߺִ߸߸ϣһҡͷʾҶȰʬڡ
Ҷʵʵֽʬһ뻯ʬڡ

ڲһ̣ҶȾ͸ܵʬӵһɶζңһֲ˼ǿҶĪ߶ȣʬزǴʬĵطΪ̺һɿµ
ô
ǿҡùϵռ䣬оǻƵģͷ֮Ȼܣ
ǿӦȸ߽ɵۣǶѪӦȳۣұȳۣҶȶԸܵ˸ܲĴڡ
߳ڶҶǰͲǻҰģһ޴Ѫɫռ䣬ǳĴ󣬶Ҳ޷ǰһֻѪɫռ·ƯŲɵʬ壬ֱʬ硣
Ҷ̰ʬ壬˽ȥ
ɵʬѪɫռ䣬ʮףҶҪһߣܣݷѪɫռ䣬ֻܽȥκ壬УԲȻذҶ赲ڿռ֮⡣
ʬءùĵطˣϹϵϢʬؿ϶ܣͷ֮ţ
ŸɻҶȲת뿪ʬأҪٶһӣܶᱻִ߷ʲô
뵽뿪ʬأ칬ִ߶ûйһ䣬Ҳûκμ¼ȫûҶȴڣһСˣţзˡߣжǿѡ
ͷ̫֮࣬Ҫȥƽ⣬ϣ뿪õɵ۵Ҫ⿪ЩܣұҪﵽӽɵµ
뿪ʬأҶлһˮص磬ҶҪհֻܣȴûԸ
ΪФϴĸҶȻһ֣Ȼȥ档
Сӣ죿ֲҿͦģ벻Ŵңϴߣӣ
һɵۺǺǵЦе˲¹ͷζ
Ͻˣ
ǣСԸϴߣλߣҶȵ⣬ôͶˡ
ʲôˣˣǶĺЦɱֵɫҶʵʼΣ֮С
ǻһ𣬵뻢ıƤһСģᱻ̵ֱͷӶʣһ㡣
ֵܣԺҶֵܣһΪϴЧǺǣڣ͸Щģǵͷͷ
ŶʮģɵۣҶȼ
ҶҵǣֻΩǴӣͷõģǷģ
ֵܣҪСģ㣡
Ҷͬһķߣ໥ʶ֮󣬾ͻصǽǣԬеҶȣǻǺһ䡣
ȻҶФϴȺֻˣԬǾͲٵҶˣʶţܼͷԬǶҶ࿴
Ԭ֣ʵҲңû취ҲԸ⣬ֵˣҶȿЦ
ԬҶȼ򣬾ؾߣ󲿷ֶתơ
һһ붼ϧ
ҶȿǽɣʵѾʼ׼ںɵհֻȻͳͳƳɿܶ档
֮У
̫һγɷӡ⻷ѰֻѹӡһǲѹЩҲ޷̫ɻѹȥͲǿ߸Ӧߣͷ֮磬ǿ̫̫࣬˭Ҳ֪Уûо
գ
߶ֱͬʱհֻ澫ѪһνһΣӶðڲš
һֻ棬ȡԼһٵѪֻ棬԰һξѪǿһɵ֮һͳͳǾ
ֶ̫⣬ɵѪ⡢࣬ͰʸڵľѪǶɵ
ҶֱձǣֻںϣںٶȣҪһɵҪ̫ࡣ
ֱˣ
һѪ澫ôһţҶ̰һЦͰѾѪֱѪ֮У衢ϸ֮УҶ˲ܵһɹůů飬ӿȫ䡣
ԣ
ٺ٣ȥһǧ꣬ͻɵ۲⣬ûôʱ䣬뻹Ҫӿ첽
Ҷûбһɹͷԣͷ̫֮ΣգߣһվͲĴڣڣſʼΪһǰС䣬Ȼ֮ա
ײ
ںһζ澫Ѫ̫ˣʱѾϣҶȿʼʩչײֽϵһֻֻ棬ʧȥѪֻʣһƤңϱûйʮס
칬ĥߣԸӢֶΣΪҽɵ۵Ĺߣ칬һ쵽Ҫ֪֪᲻᳦Ӷˣ
һЦҹ󣬰ֻܾƳɹЩܶ棬붾أնؾɵ۵ڶΪҶյģٴջҶȾֱӴӶ
֮ڣеĶ棬ΪҶȵĹߣ칬Щܣû뵽ŻѪĴڣɾҶȣ
ҶȾͿʼɵ֮
ɵͬΪɵȴҪںϡ
ڶ죡
ҶʼΪСͷͷФϴһСආˣȥʼɻҶ˳Ѱֻܷ붾أհֻ棬Ȼһĥķߣҡҡͷ֮ص
ΪΪФϴʱˣ
ͷ֮磬Фϴ֣붾ĥǿ̫࣬ԶҲ޷ųֻͨʹ࣬ڳͷ֮ߣγɵǱǿ߾ʸ֧СආΪ
ǿڳͷ֮磬Ȼǿߣ
ߣȥϣ˼̤ϣبŲɣ
ĸϴ
֮У֮ҶȺϼ޻ǿ˼ʼֻʣ¶ʮķߣʮһˣң˻ԽԽ١
ȥ
һ𷴿ߣҶ˵һʹӦˣҶҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ӣҲû֮١
ɢȥɣλֵܹȥ
Ҷһɨˣɵۣɽ֮⣬ںҶСǲͽФϴʧȥϣҶȷΪϴ󣬶ҵҶȡ
˳ȥ


807 һ
ĺãϴ󶾷ʱյֵܣԱ߶ţ
յģФϴڰգΧż£Ҷȴ˾ЦЦ
ФϴɣڶɵΪͷ֮磬ͷ֮ţѹƳͷ֮һڴӿľս
ħڰգ·˿˿ںϣФϴ󣬿Ϊߡ
ФϴͻȻŭĿһҶɵۣ
ɵսսؿҶһۣҶû˵βȥФϴ˫һϣһɹɶõĵط͡䡢۽ǲ֮У޷ѡ
ͷ̫֮ˣɽ磬ɵжǿֲаһͨʱ䣬ֻҪ̫أϷһЩﵤҩͻָڳͷ֮磬ж֮󣬸Ͳܸɾ̫ˡ
һڶǰ죬ںڣФϴɵƿش߶£γһƯ
ɵ۹ǰգϼ鶯£ݺҧ߶ʼӴŶ
ʵʵ߶նû¹أⶾ˵ֻںѪ֮УФϴΪʹȵ
ܵФϴǺĿһɨ˾ŵֱ£ǿʼնų⼸£Ȼѹʼںɣʼӿ
֨֨
壬ʱ͸ĥϣ´ʹˢףͫײڷŴ
ʲô
ȻФϴɢնʱҶԱ߾Ϥһб仯ӦФϴϿƬգФϴͷŵĶȻϢӿգۿûκζߡ
ǣϸӦ붴Ϥͻ֣ᷢռ䣬ȻںФϴĶʮȻФϴδڣФϴڲϵˣռա
߱ͷ֮磬¾Ѿͷ֮ƿأκϢɡںϣʵܵͷ֮ƿأФϴܵĥܶͷ֮뼯Ҳ칬ڰǿſֲ򣡡
䣬ԺԾ棬һɽ磬ɱȳﷸʱҶȾ֪칬зһž޴򣬼ֱͰѷ˵ȡߡ
ͷ֮Ҳһģ
ء桢÷̣칬öաĥзߣ֪
֣
ĸ棬߶ƣǹߣ칬ڷɽ֮⣬ǰȴһȻ̬ǰһף˺ħ
ʵϱǿܸӦͷ֮磬Ǹʲô֪ܣκѶӭж⡭ʣʮ죬ҪӿնһɵãϧЩɵۣ״̬ͱͷ֮եȡ
ҶȹؾվԱߣ˼Žͷ֮磬ÿһƻ¶ⱻͷ֮磬𣬶ƶҪɾɵۣҪ칬ݺݵһĻ𣬴ڲʼ߽⡣
ȻΣգԶ׼ҺҶ̫һ䣬̫һκû̫һҶȵ̣ڳͷ֮ǿ󣬶ߡɵۣȴֻȥϳΪ
̫һͷ֮칬ִߣԸȻԼ¶ܣͷ֮磬һŲʱը
ҶҪɵۺ߶õһͬʱɴɵ£϶֮򣬴һͻƸ߽ףͻɵ۶пܡ
ǶȣҶǱͻ߽ףҲӵпɵɵ£Ҷȸͨþס
ɳӡ֮ЩҶͻɵۣܷӳֵҶڻǱϧ޷ӳֵ
䡭
ʱФϴʹۣ࣬ͬҰޣǰǿˣմѾʧȥʶͱФϴַ޳Сˣݺݵһ֣أײûȥ
Фϴָɫع֮ҲѪ˵Ĳ죿ããԺķˣ㸺ţ˭۸죬Ǹӹȥû
ǣ˲Ҳӡ
ҶȿɲССݣФϴ֮Դһжĥɱ¿³
ָƽ
䴦ҶȿʼʼһɣҲӣ˷״̬û仯ڣʼհֻ澫ѪһνһΣӶð
һξѪˣɵ۾ÿһΣڼнһΣҶֱӵȡɵ۵йʵ
ſʼʩչײƶܣֳװɵŶ̶ʱ䣬Ҷʹﵽ۷壬ҲԽһףﵽס
⣬ҶȲڳͷ֮ɽ٣޷ͷţκβѰпͷ֮ŷ֣ȻһҶ뵽ӣҶȲظŴӶץ棬ȡѪƿܡ
ȡľѪҶȷ׷׶ӡ֮УγһŲϱѪ򣬵Ȼ⼸컹õһɵʬ壬ϧ޷ʬȫҶҲȫգΪʬ̫졣
ش洢һѪ򣬻һɵۼ߶Ҷһظϵ
ѪӵɵۼǴҶȽԸ칬̣
ʮ죬֪ɵĹȥ
ڳͷ֮磬ſ£ʱǿ£ΪҪûֹ£ܵĥ
һ磬Ҷȸոմ˴ӶػһˣҪΪФϴ
ǿ춯֣
죬Фϴ󱻶ĥղͬƺʹ࣬⴦ʼѪµĶѪ˫ץסͷץͷƤĿ
˲òȥһˣֻʣҶȣûиФϴģ֮󣬲ǱɱǱĥѾܸФϴ

ФϴͷŴӸ֮ϵذҺѪںΪֲĶţǸˣ߶ȫʼնոսڣʹҪƵġ
ФϴͷŵĶţ޴ֲֿٶͬƵģФϴʹͻȻŭ𣺡ûãûãͻɵһ׵ɵۣ㣬죬죬һ
һָͿҶȣ
ʲôСܣʲôԼˣʱФϴ󱰱ɡȫ¶ɣЪ˹ﶢҶȣ
Ҷû˵һ֣Աߣ־ʹ߶̫һʼӴڡ
죡죡Фϴ˺ѷΣ
ߡ
նһ̣ΧФϴЩûһ˿ͬ飬ľУҶܲţҶУȴһЦФϴḻͣФϴһ˽һ£ÿһ춼޷ҹζԸ㣬ϧɵۣȴܵƣΪߡգɹߣ֮Уֻһ
ݷʮ죬ҶҪ߳ԼƻһԸФϴ


808 ͷϴ
ʱФϴʹͷŶǸ֮ʹĥȫͷŶûκ˼
Ȼһǿߣϴ󣬲ˡ
ᣡ
Ҷ֮ͫУФϴ󣬲һˣݻٳͷ֮磬򣬿߳ĵһһ߳ûлͷ·ǿʼιͷ֮Ĵƻ֮С
ûлͷ
ССĶ붾࡭ĥФϴɵۣۣǶ˵κξ綾˵ûãҶں
ҶģЦڷ˽ʱҶȣֻˣһΣҪıԺҪ춯ء
ܶ䣡
ն֮ʱҶȰڴ߶ýײ϶桢ǱԴĿܶ䣬ԴǶ涾ǳͷ֮籾Դ̺ںԪ䷨
ֻҪųͷ֮ʩչû˻ᷢ뱾ԴͬϢĿֶͨΡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶУһ綾ȫФϴͷŵͬûһ˿ų⣬ȫͬһֱԴ
֪ФϴͷŶشФϴȫ֮壬ֱԣ
һʱ䣬Ҷʩչͨ϶ͬԴԴݿ֮ƣФϴںԪ
Фϴ󱾾ܵĥʱʱ̿ܵ尾Ԫͨ״ֽ̬ڶĥ£ȹ£ܣõѣȻţȴǹӲ뵽һͨߣȻ׸ı䡣
СʱФϴʹࡢ໲ҽУҶ֮𽥱仯
ͻȻҶͫһݣͻأ˲䣡

Фϴ󱾾δɣͻȻФϴ˫ֱͷʹͷҽУһͷ­ݺݵײڵϡ
ϴˣ
һʱ䣬Фϴ¶˵ԶԶģƺ˾ռߣФϴ˷裬Ƕĥʹ¡
ϴϴ󡫡
˱ᣬҿФϴʱҶͻȻһޱȹеرФϴߡ
ɱɱ
Фϴ󼫲ԸҶȿϵײأ˺󣬰ҶȵħͷƵģΧȣЩ£ΪФϴƽʱ񶾷û˿ף˭ûһ
ĸȥ˵ͻᱻФϴϲӣ
ͳͳ˱ᣬ꼰أƽȺĲСܣҲ˵ԶԶģҶȿʼФϴ
״̬ԪܶԿ𣿡
ҶͬʹߣФϴ£˫ֻФϴϣ˿ĸõĶȾ
Фϴ˻ߣʹĥڿܶ乥Ԫ״̬£Ѿ΢㡢˭ʲô
ҶȲмǷߣһķߣФϴѡһΪҵ£󣬻ΪҵĿܣ
Сӣʲô죬ݶǼٵģңɵ۾ɵۣһʲôɱҰɣǶҵĽѣФϴȻȫڳһӡ
Ӧ¿ˮ̣
ɱ㣿ɱܼ򵥣ңɵ۶˵Уǲݽ棬Фϴһˣȴѡ񹶻ţǿȥ뿪ͷ֮磡
ҶĪ˵ФϴѱܶƣˣҶҪɱ߶̫һ˲Ĩɱ
һжҶУף
ǶħܣôܿƶڱԴ϶ֽţⶾħߣ޷ƣ
ƺҶ˵ģФϴò԰ס
ҶֵɵۣФϴĺǸʵɣǹͷ֮磬Ҳû˻ţڷƨǣܿ㣬ɱ㣬ܴҪпܴ뿪ͷ֮硣
㡭
ФϴҲţʹ࣬ҶȴĻطӦȰʹ࣬ҵԪҪˣ
ܣӦĸңҲɱ㣬ȴĨɱԪֲҵԪ񣬴ӴˣһŵĿܣȫΪĹߣФϴҪίߣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷչһ棬ǶߣɭɭذЦФϴʱض
ħִ߻£㵽˭ֻһҪΪӴʹ࣬Ҿ͸ԸΪĴ֣Фϴ죬ɨأᣬڻЭˣǵߣʼ
򵥡
޷ҶФϴڸʲôֻ֪Фϴʹ࣬ˣҿһ֡
ҶͻȻһָФϴһ֮һ⣬ע븯֮˲䣬ͰѶƣ
Фϴظ̹
ΣҶʵ
Фϴ˵ȻֶΣʹ࣬жͳͳӴˣҾ£УҵĴУ
㵱ǱФϴѾûģ󣬲𲻴ӦˣҶͻȻĿһݣɱڡ
ãããϴҷˣˣ㵱ҪƽϣФϴͻȻתһҶҪڣæġ
ʵͺãҪԪ֮Уֲ¿ܶ䣬䷨Ԫһʲô뷨ͷҶ֪ұ֤㻹δڣԪ񣬾ͻ˲øɸɾ
ৣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ˫ӿһ⣬ֲФϴͷȻһЦվФϴȻͫһ⣬˶ɢûֹͣʧ
ҶȻָͨݣվһԣҲܰ㶾ȫϴҲԭӦñҸңֶʲôߣ
ͳͳҹԶЩΨһ£
Фϴһƺ֪ҶʩչܶЩҪ£һͳͳ˿⣬ʵʵҶ˵ϴ󣬿ҲˣʵⶾҵڣҾȫ칬ִƿأöңȡĥͷ֮磬Ҫܶȥתзߣ壬ϴ󣡡
칬եȡΪģ֪Ҳ̫ƽ⣬ıƿ߷֣죬ӵͷˣúܴܶ޷뵽ĺôȻҪΪ£Ҷ˿ûӡ
ФϴôˣȻҶһ˼ϴҾͲˣϴ󵽵ɶƻɶжǷ뿪ͷ֮磿
Ҫ뿪ͷ֮磬Ϳǲһİ£ƻҪһȥΪϴ󣬿ÿϴ󣬲ѿֲܶǵڣȻȻҪ֮ʱҪһȡṩУӴˣ㲻칬ӣ᲻ϻָʵﵽɵˮƽ
Ҷһ˵˳
ĻϴҪȡ
£Фϴ𺳣ϴ󣬼Ҷƶͨôһȡջۣôˣӵˣ֪
ģҵĿĲɱ㣬Ҳɱзߣз߳ȥģ
ҶϣֳĪЦݡ


809 ʼ
֮УзȻҿ룬֪ʲô飡
Ⱥø͸
ФϴˣҶ£ʮƽػص䴦˿ҶԱˣоҶһ졣
ϴ󡭡
Ⱥ£һϣ
֣ôˣղһФϴӣȻŹˣûɱˣҶȻص䣬ԬǾʹȺ߳Ա߶£Ӹղŵȷһ١
ľսģδɢ
ҶЦ˻ڶʮɵʵѴﵽһ޷ɵĵز߶ͨƷ˲Фϴ
ФϴȷҪɱңʹʱҳעѹҵе⣬аʲôˣҶڲɱң֮أ
ֵ治
ⲻǻԬ֣ФϴңҾĸԺӺùˣ
ҶЦʼϢԬ֪ⷬҶҪУҲû׷Źʲô
һƬţ
ҶڣȴڷһɶɶǴФϴڲĶҶҪ΢Ի࣬öƤ㣬ͷ֮磬߶ж
һȻɣͷ֮磬ҶȱҪΪӪ˿
ܿƴɵۣȡҾͲõ棬Щɵۣܾȳȥ²ôһ֧Ӵɽ緢չʥ̻ᣬ˳˳ˮ
ܶ䡭
Ҷȿʼƿܶ䣬ԺҪõĸ࣬ƷФϴʲô滹ΪߵɵۣۣЩӲͨԣ
ΪͷҶȸȥ䵱УһЩ֮£ֻһλڶ֮ػأ֪¾͹ȥ
£ͷ֮磬ֱ꣬ʮ꣬ҶѾܣÿһȥأԽԽ඾ܣڷӡѪ򣬼ﵽҶѪȸ߶ȡ
ˣҶѾȥʬ壬ÿ׼ʱФϴڶҶȾͨᣬõФϴϣЩ
ңͬʱФϴĥʹֶ࣬ΣбФϴһδۼ֤֮ǰ޷ܡţһʵڣòš
ڳͷ֮磬۶Ҫܵͷ֮ѹҶһͨȴϰңڳͷ֮Ƥµȡ칬ɹǶô˼顣
Ҷ˵ЩˣȥΪФϴʹ࣬ҪܵĥҪҶȣʹٺܶ࣬ȻһҲ͸Ҷȣ٣Ĳܵĥ
͹ȥˣ

ӰʲôСܣΧȴţ֮⣬Ҳвٷߣһ
ô֮ĶĽ𵤣ǲǸӼ̣Ҳָø
ҶФϴڻҰ֮Уһӣ֪ФϴӣǴȡᾧ
ٺ٣磬ˣȻֱϴˣФϴѾҶֶͨΣ塣
̰Ц磬ܲܶһ㾫ѪӣǿǱӣıӴ󡣡
ֻںһ㣬Ҫо޴仯ǻᱻѹ׸Ӧϴǹ˶㣬ģһô뿪
ξѪӣڷӡ£Фϴġ
Фϴ䱦ϲѣҶȴദ״̬о޴仯֪ҶȻǿ󣬿ϧҶȷķǳԣ仯̫Ǽȥ
ϴ󣬈ϴˡһ£ͻȻΧ
ٺ٣ϴȥձФϴЦеҶȣһ±£뿪
ҶҲ֮Աߡ
ߵˣۼ࣬ͷסҷһϴϴǸʮĸȧɵۣһУָŸոФϴ󣬽
ʽʼƻҶȾȴţԬǲ֪ʲôʱҶߡ
ԬҡҡͷФϴˣǈϴҪϴܶСܣФϴɱˣУ
кϷˣҶȵ˵
ϴϴ˰ɱңûеóѣɱˣھվ棬ɣҪķڷ
Фϴһǰ
ǾͲϻФϴҵģ
ϴͻȻһ¶ͬõӣҲ̵ܹĴڡһɵۣɵ۾ɵۣһΪ磬ȭͷͷȭХݺᣬŷ
ϴΪ࣬ΪΧ֮ϴ󣬹
ФϴͷһХɽ֮⣬϶ÿռ𶯣ڳͷ֮磬ֻǺˡ
ңƺܵһηѹȣȻͷŸֻͨȭͷʽžžવĽ֣
ɵ۽𺳣һʿڽ֣ɵ۵ͨѱͷ֮ѹȫơ
ߵȭͷײ

˼ͬʱײӲޱǽϣͬʱһѪФϴöˣϢʮ泩
û뵽Ȼ˺ûˣƾ
ϴͻȻһץгһ߳Ľɵͨ
չͨϴ㵹ǲź̫ˣѵҲͨ
ͨΪڻ֮ϣͨķӡ̬ҶҵİȭǾǳ̬ͨ

ϴϴ̳
ȭ
δ
ФϴͻȻ˺һ˫ڿгһץƺ磬ƿռ䣬ϴƶ֮ʱͻȻ˫ȭѸ
¡
飬ֻȭͷӿһȭ٣ҪĈϴϣ˾غɣѵһײǽϣһʱ޷ФϴȻŹᣬڈϴ޷Ӧ֮ʣһˈϴͷ­
ˣ
ͷ̱֮
ϴ󡭡ϴ£ŵòȥĈϴʬҲûС
ϴ󣬸ǼǵģͳͳǼǣܽ
Фϴ£һȥ
Ҷֶ֪ôд
ݺݶʬФϴ͵˼ɵ£ع
ôɱˣ
Ҷڽ䴦ͨȳһ
磬ⲻ£һΰɱңϣˣǣģ쿪ʼҾһһÿܶǣ
Фϴһû뵽ҶȻ涯ˣʵʵͽû˸ȥ󲿷£ȥձФϴˡ

Ҷˣ
ΧЩϴ󣬵ȷںڲЩͷУҶҪƶ


810 ʬص
ϴʬȥʬء
ߵˣΧˡ
ҶȴһڼˣҪ툐ϴʬʱ߳ҶȣЩ̹
ͨɵ۷ʲôǈϴҲһɵǿߣʵФϴʵҪ˵һѴ͡
Ҷץϴһֻţͽʧ֮С
Ŷⲻǈϴô
Ҷתȣд߶̫ՈϴʱȻһȺҶȾɷϴʬ壬һΪ⡣
ͷ֮磬ʱʱ̿̽ʱʱ̿ǺģֻΪһϴһ̾Ϣ
λϴλϴ󣡡
һȺҪ뿪ʱҶ˫üһĿ⣬ͺȻס
ͷߣһΪաɵۣһҶȣСӣʲôû¾͹һ㣡
ϴϴФϴУСܣɱˈϴɱ˲գۣ׼񣬻ΪϴͨˣҪΪ
ҶҪıӪˡ
㣿
ɭɭһƳ̲סЦˣЦɵһЦʲôʸܼģɽ
Ȼ˿ҶһϣȻĿǲ߷ÿ˷ߣΪ칬ִ߹Ҳǣʲôա
ϴϴ󡭡Ҷǰʾ⡣
겻ںҶȣǸˣ֪⣬ͷ֮ÿһ߶򵥣Ҷһ칬֮һ֣һ˾뿪Ҷʵôƨͷţ
šԺŲˣ
ҶȰһݣпСˣֻҪңУ۸Ϊʲô¶Ըɣ
ߣַضǣҪʲô꼫ΪͷΪҶȻʲôϲס
ҶȰͽһ뿪ס͵͵ϴֻҪҼһȣҾкôϴ󣡡
˵꣬ķ
ô
ͻȻ϶һ£˲һ֣ͿסҶȲӣҶգȵӿûʱϻȻּۻۣ֪ôʰ㣡
Ƿϴ㲻ɱңô׸ϴϴ㿴ҶȽƻˣһֻϷϺꡣ
ߣòҾͰ붾أ¯Ϊ°ͼֲסһἰʱ㿴㣬ʹȥ
ҶȣȻһɱͫȴ̰
ôƭϴϴǰҾ̶֥㲻ϣϴ󡭡㿴ʲô
Ҷ¿ӣϲƣűΧʱʱ̿죬̯һСѪɫӡ
һѪ
ǾѪҲϴϸӦһ£Ҷȼ귴Ӧ󣬾֪һʶĴѷӡ⿪һ㡣
ǿҵ
һѾͶӣϸȥͷ֮磬ıûҲҪṩҪ֣˵֮
ֳܸͷ˭룬õӳǿʵģС
ߣ̰ħЩɵۣûйͷ֮ǰԲ̰ϧͷ֮磬̷ĥɵ֮ģ̵ģͱݲˣЩɵۣ߰˰˶Ƿ
ҶȵΪЩɵۿеͬ飬Ͼ޾ĥÿ˶ܵеùģҶߣˣСĸ㣬ӣܹˣ
㻹𣿡㡢ƶҶȡ
ҶһͰͣһȣûУѰʬ壬̺ʣͨС⹦Ѫ飬Ѫ飬СķѾţ֮ƶɡ
칬鷳ΪɣãӴ˿ʼҵˣҽԭ裬Ȱʬ崦ڵҰɣСӣߺˣ
ꡰԭ衱ҽһסѪ飬ЦǺǴնȥѿѾһ޴󱦿⡣
ȻҶȣ
ִ߹ӵݣ¾ͷˡԭ裬ϵõѪ飬һԸԳģ
ҶĿԭȥʧߵͷҶüϴ߱
ϴһֻܱȼ״̬£ɵһ׶ѣνɵף󲿷Ѿͷ֮Ϣ֮оȡ
ܿ죬ʬأ
ʬȻ죬Ѫ˸Ҷʵֲ꣬߶ȣʬأͱ֮ǰиӦ⻯ʬأ̺ϢҶȴδģ𺳡˼Ҷ飬ҲΪ
ҵѾɵ۵ͽס⻯ʬϢǰҲ֮һǸʲô
ͷִܵ⣬Ͻ뻯ʬأȻ֮ͬǰ̤һ޷ٽ֡
ৣ
һץϴʬ뻯ʬѪɫԨֶʬ壬ƯԨ·ϵسȥ
ɶָ࣬ұȡҵ
Ҷתɲǣоһ˫۾ڻʬڶƵģоδʧȻһ޵ӻʬ
ˣ
ҶȾ𺳣ִƺע⵽ʲôϵ뿪ʬأǸо˫۾ڶ
ܲˣϰĴڣȡҵ֪ͷ֮ʬ壬Ƕҵʳڵԣ
ǹݷ޴ڣҶ뿪ʬأ͸Ҷ֮
㡢˭
û뵽ʬл˳֣ңһˣ䣬ҶȡʮɵʬΪ֪ðһֲҶθӦ޷Ӧע
Ҷ޷Ӧֻ˵˵֮ˣȥģ
һʬأҶȾ;úܹŹ֣һ˴ڣʱʱ̹̿עԼִߣҶмƻͳ
Сڡʮֲм
Ҷվߵһǣʱʱ̿̽䱸ţ΢΢˵ǰ϶ִ߰ɣ칬ˣҵһοʬأǰͨ϶ʬ壬ҶֽţǰȴûеݣҲδչɱ⡭
칬
Ҷȶ𣺡칬Ϊһ̸ҿԸ㣬Ҳ칬Ĵڣܴ˵ľ棬һɵʬеϢУȻ΢ǰһ˿˿Ķߣ޷ΣСӣ̫Сһǵһ칬ܷ㣬ûֽܷⷬţ
лǰʴ壡
ǰҶǳûظУоˣδʶĴڡ
ҶԷûΪ˼
ִ𣺡ĲߣɽҲǸ˲ţˣͷ֮кĿģ˵˵Ͳˣˣ˵ˣͲϡ
⡭
ԷʲôˣεȴڣȻֶһߣңֶۻҪΪ٣ֻ΢΢ӦͿҶܣʵҶȲòһ¡
ûٿڣڡ
ˡûӣ
Ҷȼææһ麹ʧˡ


811 
ߵϣҶȻǿµɽۡ鹫ӡֶ־ۣղǹǿ󣬼ôֲϢ˿϶һ޵оͷ
ʱʱ̿ͨޱܵԼڣʲô飬Ƥӵ£
һ룬ȫò
ǴⷽȥǿûнҴҶȶ˵ͷһ칬ǿߣ
Χڲвͨӵģ̣ҲΧԽĵط
ģ
ҶȸһҪȥͱﷸס
ϴģҶȹؾضԼʩ񣬲⼸ˣѾҶȭкһˡ
ϴһ˵ǵˣ
Ҷȴñױš룬ԭ뼸ͷӣģǰΧڲϸͼ
죬ǽѵ㣬ĹأֵܣҪܵһкܲˣڻü
ԭҶǰͷ죬Ҷȴһ䣬Ϊ״Ƶ˵ֵܣչ㣬û˸۸㣬֮󣬾ˣΧﶼȥڲʵûʸȥ
ллϴԺСΪ㰰ǰ󣬾аԹԣҶȰʥϵϣоȻ¶һɣҶϤϢǾ칬ϢȻ칬ƶɡ
õôҶȾһСˡ
һûģҸ㣬úҷѪ飬ܶƼţһᰲڲҵϴܣȥһֽزȥﶼԣǿҪСĲֵϴȺǷӣûڳǣȥɣ
ԭ⸱αװˣһҶȼһ߶вѣһ֣ɵۣȻΪҶ¡
ȻĿģҶ֪ϳΪСܣǰȴҶȣֶζһ˵ϸǶҶ˵СӹҼҵİϷ
ԭһŰҶ߬İ棬ⲻ֪ҶѾڿʼƻת
ΪϵģĻ
磬磬ԺͶչ
뿪ɵ۾ȫΪҶȸƨ棬ԭ˫۾뿪ͿʼͽҶȣͱ翴أ֪ʲôֶΣҸʶʶ
˵ר󡭡
ûʵûλûɽȥﶼ˵ߣɵۣȻɵ۶ףͨУɵ۵ģԭ˿Ҷȣԭ費ǿˣܡ
ܵõܣͲõһȡ
̴ǵˮ©ƣһһףҶǲܾǰ㡣
ɪܵɪã
ϴƽʱҲûʲô¸ɣΨһҪǣȥ̷Щߣǿ£Ǿ
һתתȥϤΧĺܴ󣬷ǳ󣬴ССƣеͼɵ۶ҪӦܶ꣬ϰߡ
λֵܣҲżǲ£綼ԭңҾҪһʼȸһʱ䣬Ȼץסѱ鷳ˣ
Ҷɵ˦˦ȥ˦ƹ֮Ҷ֪Ҷ뷨ûŽתƣŰȥˣҶȽֿ˻
˵˶ǶҶ˵Ŀ֮һ
壬һλ̣㲻ŪҪú¶أ˰ɣȻ
˶أյĥ۰ϧⶾأ
ҶҪȥʱջֻܣץһЩʱȻڲڣʮס֮ˣȻ壬һƤյϡãǲӣһ
һߣڱȭһɵǿߣͥĳԱȻǡ
ˣ
£ջ£û˵֣ǣֱһžʹ붾֮С
еѪ桢Һʼ
λϸ磬ȺͥˣǼͷҶһȺǰԷһʲôû˵ˣǿ£ЦЦͷ׷ˡ
ʱڣгǧ̷ߡ
Ưڶ֮У濪ʼĮĿ⣬ҶϣСֵܣ㡭ŶûΪһԱ
Ȼû뵽ͬѺҶȣΪ칬߹ģ
մ硭
Ҷó˼пһɽ֮⣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ͱɱˡ
ҵĻͥĳԱᱳѣâֻ쵰Ҳʶˣֻͥһ޳Сˣϧͷ֮磬칬ƣɱ칬ִߣûҲֵã˵
մ硭֪˵ʲô㶼ţһ죬ףۼ֤ģ㿴ҡ
ҶȻأΧûעȻغܼ򵥣һԱ
ɢĿ⣬ȻսҶȾȻŶԱһץһ鶾Ѫء
һж˲ɡ
ţ棬Ӷڡ
⡭
𺳵ؿһĻ޷ţҶһȻƶ棬¶˼顣
մ磬ǣʱ罣һӢӪ֤մ磬һˣСܾͲ磬֮ǰڻ֮飬ΪͥĿһ
󼸸֣ҶȲûֱ˵
ĮЦٳӢ۰ˣһѵˣԶǶȥֲ֪ͥôˣ
մ磬߳ٴνͥˣѾͨ棬ֲһķ䣬㣬Ჿֶ˺
ֻ棬Ҷתȥ۾
뿪Ҷƨû֮ǰٶȥ

ҶȻصʱԬзߣҶ磬Ȼһ³ΪʱһסҶȽҶȵɹС
ǳȥ
ФϴԵһᡣ
ֻʣˣ
磬ôҡһ䣬ΪˣФϴ߳ҶӺڰ˵
ҶһЦһƣݣҸ£ҪӿٶȣΪһ֣һΪܣΪҰ£һʱ죬뿪ͷ֮ӣ
ԭˣϴ
ФϴĴһĿⲻŹκν䣬һӡһҶȣһ޴ӡ
ѾﵽɵסĽס
ӡҶȾ͸оУ̺ԽɵץһӡƶɵĽⶾѪиܶ䣬ЩʱǾͿʼڲ
ٺ٣Ȳ
ФϴЦˣҶȿʼصĶԻ˸ҿΪΧѱФϴƿأΪƬľԴУճǧСܡ


812 ԭ
磬뿪Ϊβֵܣ
ȣҶФϴŪ²ƻҶȾͻصƵأպײƨ档
ҶȵȻʵǣԭ۾ţҶûһ£С
ϤһҶȾͻص
ԭֹҶȣѪ⣬ҶȻۣʱܸ٣ԭһֻˣҶʲôж;ȥɣʲôš
лҶȱ㿪ʼһλֻʮˣʵǿ
ҶȿʼմӶأֻܣһεεѪʼҶڣʱһſֲѪ飬ˣ㳬Խʮ
ʮʲôһͻƣѪ飬͸ظ仯綼пܣһףԽף⡣
ǲٻҪٱô࣬ϣ߽ףɵֻһ֮ңѪж٣Ӷ࣬򣬻̫Сȥʮ꣬꣬ұӵз칬
ʮ꣬뵽֣Ҷʮ㣬ڷڡ
ͷ֮磬ÿһ죬Ƕ꣬ʮ꣬꣬ɽ֮⣬ǧ꣬һȫͬʱۡ
Ҷһظһ죬ɱ˲٣ҶȴţȥƲƨ棬Фϴȡ棬
ػأʱҶ˵ķǳ죬ͷ֮һ꣬Ѿʱ䣬꣬Ҷ˵ջǾ޴ģջѪ򣬺һɵҶȻ˺ܶ׼
һ죬ԭһϤҶˣ
Ƕȥκ˶ܷŽ
ԭҶһָʮԱ뿪ڣֻʣҶԭ衣
ֵܣΣָŵʮѪ˰ɣһˣټԭȲ
ҶǰԭһֻײѪ棬ֻҪкôᱻȡɸɾûУǾǶʱ̡
磬˶ʮѪ飬ҪһǰһһţζʮЧͷǳԣҶȼæش
ԭһʱЦӭʮšúã
һץʮѪ飬ŷӡطԭ裬Ҷȵϴ󣬾ʮѪ飬һͬһ仯һ˷־Ͳˣ
Ҫ
ԭҶһץסӡûڣλϣһھʮѪ顣
ʱüĴ˸һĨѪ⣬ʮֹ죬ˣȫƤѪɼУѪڷУȻҲһ˿˿ѪɫСĹڣѪ֮سֳ
ͣ
ͻȻѪԭһѪ
ž
ڴʱ˵ʱʱ죬ҶͻȻһһץסһ⣬ݺݵԭͷ­֮ϣ͸ȥҶѪ
㡭㡭ҪʲôԭŻȻѪúõģͻȻֿų޷žͱҶֱӶ֣һ̫ͻأԭ辪޷
ΪȫѪһֹ̣ͣ˶Ҳ˵޷áڷһ
ꡭ꣡
ҶѾԭ裬ǰȫԭʶ죬δı飬Ҷ䳰ʱ䣬ҲϧѪ飬㣬ֺ㣬ṩС
㵽ʲô˺ңԭǲףΪʲôᱻҶƷ
һݣҶɭɭӵһѪ飬ҾֲҵľѪԼһ˿һ졢һ꣬ʱ䣬ϰٿѪ飬ջۣҵ͸Ľ𵤡ӿԪһУΪľɱ㣡ԭ裬ӵͷˣ䣬û˸ռұˣ
ֵܣɱңɱңˣŹ㣬ֻҪŹңӴ˾ҵĴ磬Ϊ㰰ǰС䣡ԭˡ
øʲôԭ裬ʵشҵĻǿԷŹ㣬ҵСܣңһЩѪ飬ʲôˣ
ҶȺȻʵ
ҵĽݴˡ
꣡
ԭ˵仰ûü˵һ֣ҶȾͻȻָһץǿֲԭԪĿͬʱ䱬ըԭԪһ̣׵顣
û˵ɱ㣬Ȼ˵ģţǣҶΪšڿʼҾԭ裡ᣡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶȾȻԼԪ˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭԺţԭ˫ֶƣҶѪ𵤡е׷׵žѪӿԭڡ
Сʱȥ
䡫ˣ
ҶˣҲ죬ʧȥҶԪеתƣԭڣôҶʧȥˤڵϡ
깦ŬڣɹɵĽ
Ҷӣ֣оһж̫İ
һ̣ԭԼԼԭ裬һףֱӻ꾫ѪɹȫƻһɵĽǿߡ
꣬ҡһ䣬ҶȳΪһĽɵۣ
ϧúһɵĽֻںϣֱӶɵĽ׵ΪҵĽ𵤣ҵıʣһס
Ҷõκ⣬Ǹ߸ϵͷңĴڣûָκ˶ܽ
ҪںɵۣҪʱ䣬Ϳɸҿͨɵ۵ͷųɵ۵ؼҳΪԭ裬ܽӽڲ߲Ӵлᣬ칬ִߣ
ҶĿ꣬Ƕһԭ裬ǳͷ֮ˣ칬ִߡ
һɾ޵ֶΡ
ˣʱͰϢӡԭԪƬҲɣκ˶޷
ҶȴλһסʵѾֻʣһƤҶѡ
ϴɱСӣ
Ҷԭݣ߳ʱǸҶȵĸƨ棬Щȣʲô֪ԭӦҶҪ󣬾Ϊ˶ȡôڿ϶ǵõ˺ôɱڡ
ȥʬش
Ҷԭ԰һ棬ںȵʬߵ
ߣôһռˡѪɵۼޱȣͬץסͻҧԭ衣
ʬأ
ǵ֪᲻ᷢҵĸı䣿
Ҷʬ壬ʬء
칬ִߣԭ裬ȻҶȣƺԭһʣͷԭ裬Զ֣
ǵģλˣ
Ҷȹش칬ִ߶䣬ҶȽ뻯ʬء
ŶҲŶ̶գ۹СӾȻһɵϢְʬﴦ˾͸ԷĶߣ
ȻҶȲ̤뻯ʬأǹǿĴڣʹ޴֮գɢشݶ
Ҷסʬ壬뻯ʬأһΣ޹ɵǰ˴Ȼûͱݣţǰһ칬ˣ⣬ǰҲӦף칬ģ
˼˼ҼԸĿǱ󣬶ǰװװС΢΢һЦԴĺ


813 սǿ
ǰǻ氡
ʬǰһ޷Խ£Ҷ𺳣Ըӣԭ裬ȻӲλǿ۾

ΪԽڸЩСžţǰںܾõʱҲʶǶûܺ칬ôˣֳ֣㶯
ֻϣǰݸͱҾͰӷˣ
Ҷһ֣ͰԼƤңѪԨ
ӻǰ޳ܣ˵칬ǰﱰ޳ܵļһʱʱ̶̿ϣţܰһˣ
Ϊŭ
λǰ
һһӣж칬ԣҶˣҪģֻҪܵõǿ֧֣߱Σжͷˡ
Сӣ¸ɸɾһ㾫Ѫҡ
ʬѪԨ˵ˣҶע£ʬȻܿûһѪˮ֮Уˡ
ҶͻȻȫһ£⸱ƤңȻûǶộȻ˲ͱѪˮڻѪˮݷҶٴλصǸҶҡҡͷǿ̿ˮǰѵЩʬ塭ںˣ
ںϣǱҳԵŶ
аɭɭЦҶȶ䶼ò
Ե
Ҷ̲סһ£һѪԨԷʲôڣʬ壿ɵʬ壬ʳ
һ£ͷ֮ÿ춼вٷвٱץȥȥͷ֮ɵۣ붼޷ȥж١
еɵʬ壬ȻˣԵˣ
ߣ
Ҷȿɲٶයһ֣ϳͷƤ顢޷Ļʬأִߴкת뿪ˡ
СӣȻǲ뵽ʬؾҵĵ̣ɣʬزʲôҲ󷨣ǡҵθ
ʼ˾㤵Ц
ҶѾߵ֮˫ס˫ͫŴ԰ףǿ
СӣˣģǲԵģԵһˣ£Ҷǲʲôʱɵģ
ԽǺ£ԽǵģƫƫָҶ޴ɶ㣬ͷְ֮ǶԷĵƵģݺᣬ۲һһ
£
ӿµǣǻʬأȻǿߵθʲôҶ벻Ȼһθγһռ䣬ɵʬ嵱ʳ£ëǾ㤣󼹹Ƕڷ
һԹˣ
ֱһ
ҶͻȻоͷ֮ܣкԶԶӿٶȣ칬ִߣִݣͷ֮ܡ
СӣȻƤϢһɶҲ׽Ϣ
Ҷһֱ£ֳˣΪߣѾԽɽκˣ벻ףһͨǳۣͻᶼںںԣĪǣת
ǰ
ҶھͳΪԷҪǿǱܣҪǼ־ȫѹնɱҶĶᵽɤۣҪӦȥͷ֮粻ܰһˡ
Ҳֻԭں㲻õģӣĺ䣬к˼ܻصǰһ㣬㣬ϢܸӣҲֻܿŨȣʵڹ죬죬һδգôһ˿˿඼޷˳ɣգǹ̥Ǹ̥ףΪʲô޼ɵǱͷ֮磡
ɣģ͸ų̾Ϣ
Ҷ𽥻ָ侲ǶԷе⣬ھѾ¶׷ɱԪʵǰʲô㣬֪ǰǺεȴڣǰָˣֲ칬ˣΪȴͷ֮磬Ը˹ӣ
СӣûҪ㣬˯ˡʧȥ
ȷǹ̥
ʼ磬ŷӽӲĺܣ£ﻹڷëǿָҶȾȥФϴȡ
⼸꣬ФϴҶȰа£ѾΪΧ֮Уͷϴ󣬻ȡԱҶȡɵʬ壬ҪĿ졣
ĿǰҶȻȡҪ棬ض棬ʣ¾Фϴѹϴռ
һһָպýϣڰҶȶԭ裬һҪӿ첽
磬ˣ
Ҷȸջصʮ£ڹӭҶûǣԭ裬߸ϣҶȾֱӾʼںԭһɵĽҶһںϣͿԿɵɵһ
ߣҶпһʵڳͷ֮磬ѹƣڳͷ֮磬һɵ۶סףҲһҶ֣ռһɵҶʵԴﵽɵס
ɵףФϴʵҪǿ̫࣬Ҷȿʼһж
˽ʱ䣬ҶȲԭںϣһɨҶϢˣֻԭһ㳬ۣҲ뿴ߡ
վס֣ڲ𣿲أǲҴˣжûõôͱ
Χڲ࣬һʵķֽǽ£Ҷȴż£λƣʮְͨڲڣסЩɶ׵֮䡣
鷳ֵܸϴСТˣ
ҶȱΧò׶ԭ裬ΪһϴˣڲǰͳΪСඡ
ϴڵ仰ɣ
һɵۣҶȽڲ
һȣһһƬΧ󣬻ãһ˿ߵ磬ҶУȻвٷߣߵлƣЩˣɵ׵֮䡣
ռҲˣңȻûм칬ִߣֻһ䵱ϴ
ϴԭˣ
һΧ⣬ݷд·ҶˣȺȥһԭɵۣڽ֡
ռǳ޷ʩչͨ£˿ռ㹻ɵ۽֡
һѮˣǽüаһãڴʵʵվţҶǸˣʵʵԡ
ԭѴõѪ飬ԭˣƣһɵ޵и֣Ҳڲһͷ֮һһ죬ڲҲͬʱƿƺЩˣΧҲͬʱգɫ
ҶȵͷһƳͰϴ󣬼סˣԭ䣬ԷʲôԸʲôֶΣһһա
ƣ£´򲻹ҵˣ㻹ʵʵóңҪû˳սҿҪװ׵֣
ͻȻҲһȺˣһɵۣΪ࣬ǰˣš
ߡ
Ŀ룬ڽֵɵۣһɵۣȫѪԷʮָͨͬӥצһδ˺顣
ϴԸȥһԣΪϴǸߣ
ʱ˼ɵƣҶȾȻ߳Ƽ


814 նɵ
㣿
ƺԭָƣ֪жٽΪ䳰һƳһЦ
ϴǶֵõһ㣬Сں֮ʱ䣬ʵһԽԱɵ۶ʵ£ɵףʵɵ۶֮䣬ȻƣСԸΪϴ󣬳ȥһԣ㲻ɹҲҪΪϴ󳤿
Ϊ£Ҷԭ裬ûͬ͹ƵİͽƣԷʲôɫҪʱʱ̿ȥ۲졢ĥ
Ŷ
ΪҶһеȣԭṩѪ飬ڲСͷĿ⣬Ѫ飬Ȼһջ񣬲Ϊһá
Ѫ飬ܶԸ߽ɵۣ
ãȥԣԸνǿãԼȥеǣȰѶҡƱԭ軹Ҫ̰ײУĺӷǳʹ
˳֣ҪҪô
ԭ䣬ͷ칬ִߣִߴ򽻵棬иͷĿƣһҪɹܸ̫࣬ɡ
˷ѵȴܵһ㣬⻮㣬ɵףʵ£ɵĽףҵʵڲǿҲܳͷ֮ѹƣʱ䣬⡭
һҶȾһ취ҪԸƣͬԭһһںһѪ飬ϴף´ͱˡ

ҶȹСץסһӡơ
ţԭ裬ϴβ˵ԸŪʮӡ̾͸Ӧɫ˲䣬Ҷȡ
ϴģһŪһЩ
ĲҶ򣬵ȵðװ֣һȥ͵ŷַʡ
ԭȥԣ
ȻҶȼ򣬳ɱɵۺһ
ƣ㵹ǻеƣСӣɵĽףǶ֣㲻ҪңҪҲٺôҾͲˣ
֮⣬ͷ磬߲ѡ
䡭
£ʵԸ߳һأȻûնɱɵֶΣȴһץץѪɣⷽǸɵۣƤһأ˹ȥ
Сӣԭ裬ɵĽΪ׶֣
ҶʱֶѪɵۣЦҶȣƺԭ֮ǰ໥˵йһӴԭҲҶȣɵ˿ûָǵѪ
ɵסɵףӲͨͷ֮ѹƣȫ
ҶĿЦѣֶܱΣ޷ͨҿԣ޼ս˻ơ컯ȭԪԡˣҵȴǿ󣬼ôҶ֣ǿ߿ߣɵ۽֣ĥ
Էܵͷ֮ѹҶȲֶܱΣҲʵ
ʴˣ˶ͬһˮƽ棬Ҷ˵ҪһսΪԭɵĽݳսԷһɵס
Ľ׶ףҶȸʹƣֲܱʵͨǿµǿȣ
צ
һɵۣȻҶȻδ˼֮ʣϵԾ㳯ҶץǷ˸צ
ꡫ
£Ҷ޷ܣԭ״ֻ̬ӲûзֶԷжæһұ۱ץѪۡ
ԭ裬ʱ㻹о˱ң֮У
ɵ۳вһЦһźɨ

ҶȭڶԷɨ֮ʣյͬһ㣬ڿУԷĺȣһײ£Ҷȳûʩչǹ߹ʼźɵۣ
ڡ
˫ü֮ͫеĿ⣬ƻɫΪâԭô죬óұ£˼û뵽ȷڶ̶̼ߺܶ࣬СӼΪʵ
͡
һѪҶȺֱɵۣʮָץһѪۣɵٶȡ飬ԶҶ֮ϣҶȻܶȫѹƣȥԷնɱ
㵹е㱾£Ҳȥˣצ
ɵѸͣ˫һץشӡһɹ˫ʮָ֮ϣγɷ߳Ŀ·ӡצС
צޱȣһ档
ؼʮצУȻڰڶ̫죬ɵ۲ܳͷ֮ѹƣͨô𺳡
ΪҾһҪϣ̫ԲѣֶͨΣѵҾͲԣ޷ɽ
Էʩչͨȥ⣬϶ǣʽ£ҶҲʼʩչͨʮֲףͷð󺹡

ɵ۲֪ͷ֮жٴɱ¾᲻Ҷ֮ͨʱ϶չɱС
ɣ
ҶһԷڰҶһѪۣҶϣʱҶʩչԪץһϢɽ
߳
ջ
ҶͻȻͣ˫۸ںɵ۹ʱ׼ȷһ˾ƺڽèץϷҶһӣһͨ޴룬ɵһδ׷ɱ
Χˣ˫ۡ
ǳ㣬ʵ־档
Ҿ̶ֳȣ⣬Ľף׶˵Ҿʹ߶䣡
ɵۣҲܰϷȥʮָҪҡҷĹצУҧۣٿȻ֮䣬Ҷһ֮ٶȶȻƶʮָϵצУٿȻ趯ӳҶȱȥ
͡
ƶͨٶȣȫ߶ʮָצͨü޴Ҷȸ޷ܣצУҶȵĺ󱳣ٴǻ̳
Ԫ𣡣ɵĻҶȰ㴭Ϣ⼸צУΪһţҶͷ­ѹ
֣
ٿ
һ޽ͻȻҶȿѪںɵۺһӺţֱӴüġ
䡫
ͷ­˲ը
ɵͬڵ棬ʣһͷ֮Ѫ岻ϵܿ챻ѪȾ졣
ã֣ļҾͽˣӴ˱ƣսУҪĵҩ
ƸûȥںҶȣֱԣһǽ֮ߣְŭЦ֡
ƣƣ´ûô
ߺݺݵóһŵҩʹѡѣϧǰװ׵ԱѵҩӵС
ҩͷ֮磬ȻеҩڣһŵҩֵȻ˵
ƣֲѪ鲻Ǻںԭ뵽õҩҲ׳ԣͳͳҵ֣
Ҷ֮צѾźɵɢҶȴʱһˣѪģе˺ۣԼ׹ǣǻѪӣӿѪ
ͳͳԡǿţǳΪֵʱ򡭡
ҶĪЦЦϣȻֳΪʹ飬һʹģϿʼϢ


815 伫
֮Уͷ֮໥սжע鼸졢ʱʱڷ
ƴеõڲõһҩνǴȫʤûȥҶһζоҩ
ͷ֮һŵҩֵԶԻȡġ
ҩҶѪ࣬Щ߱ץַ칬ȡǱ޷סǣҩȴʣзʱԴ޷ȥ
Щҩڷ֮еķߣΪֻǱӵеıȻС
ߣƣ֮һ֪ôġ
λ֮ϣҶһѪЩѪ˿ڣԡԻֶΣѪԭڣ˺ͳͳϡ
Ҷھ֮УƲ֪ȥ˺δҫøҶʱ䡣
ԭ裬ҶΪﵽӵɵʵ֮ӵĶͨԭҶȴѪ忪ʼͳԽˣõ󴫳Уںʮ
ںһ壬ҶȾѪ֮УҶӵпԶκʵϽԽ˼顣
ѪԴҶھѪŨȣѾԽһɵۣﵽŵĸ߶ȣɵֻۣҪƾѪӡ
֮ҶȳΪµɽ֮һҲӵһΪСͷĿҶĿ겻һСͷĿ
ݣҶȻȻФϴŪڲϣȡ޴ɵӡڣһƬϴͨܶЩϴΪܣФϴڱЩˣɵ۶
ڼ䣬ҶȻʱʱ۷Ѫڲ֮䣬Ѿƿʮֻ棬ѪѾԽѪ屶֮࣬ʱʱ̻̿ڲӣĿģѾﵽ
һôȥҶФϴڲ÷ˮ𣬶Ҷ˵ӿ첽߲㡣
һ죬ڲһߵʮڶסߵͷ
ԭ裬ô㣿ϴƣʧ޴ָңһԸƣ㵽кĿģ
ԭ˵֮ϳ˴ͷϴߡ
ҶʵվһԣɫƻʼԸƣȻǰߣҲŹ
ϴԭ赱ֻһֻСϣΪңΪͣΪõıѪ飡Ҷ̯֣ͳһ˸ǿѪ顣
߽ƻȷǺñֵԽһ㵤ҩΪѪ飬аգ˵ȥԸƣ
ʵϴôѪ飬ĸԸѪ֮Уֲ붾ͬĶ䣬ڽ𵤣оѪ֮УжֻҪҰѶ佻ϴ㣬ǽ֮ʱϴʱ߶䣬նɱ׾٣֪ϴȥϴǧѷᣡ
˵Ҷ¶̰Ŀ⣬Ȼԭϴ󣬲Ϊ˳ƣȡƣֻһҪˣһжҵģ
ȡ֮Ǻǣϵܣһ֣ã˲鿴һ֤ⷬҾսƣɱһУģ̣Ҫһ룬ΣЦ
һ롭ãһһ룬ƱƵ̫ݣ˲Զ޷֮ϴȰѪƽⷽ㣬ϴ󣡡
Ϊ˳˵ߣҶȷһץһѪȷӡͷɳȥȻڨڨʧߵһˡ
˼Ҫ취ƣԽͷ֮ޣûôˡԭ裬һ͹ҸּۻۣɱƣҾͰеˣǹ͹ؾصҡҡβͣлᣡ
վԭһ˱ϣֱһƾڷ˺֮ϣԴֱһըﳤȥ
¹ȥ
֣սңѵһ㣿
ߵˣڣֻƣ˻ǸֶĦȭƣѶԷɲݵͷ
ƽŵ˵棬ߣôͷڹ꣬쵹ǳϢˣߣɣҽΪϴĵ̣ӽԺҵģ

߿ЦֹЦ˲䣬ͻȻٶȣԭؾһȭһȭմһײͬˮ֮ơ
䣡
һȼ棬ͻȻ߿ֲײκˡ
žžž
ɵ׿ֲΪɵĽ׿ֲһһͨһδξĶɱ
ϴ֮սʵ֮ս
磬ֶΣܳɹԭ裬߾ͺˣΪ˾ˡ
ΧߵΪʱԭҶȣФϴɱ
ǰûҵİ֣£Ȼ޷ԸڲϴΧʲôúΪȡڿʼţܴȥɣҶǸأʼ뷨䡣
ٺ٣
ФϴЦЦ
ߣɱң룡
ҹɱƱһưͨѹڵ棬Ƶϥأ϶ѪۣƺҪʲôͨռƵߣնɱɱ
ѿıͻȻ˫һ֣һаѪɫӡͽ⿪֮󣬹Ѫ˲ơ
ƸҪͶˣħƵģָʱѾѹͷһ£һըͷͻΪ⣬߲κλᣬһ㡣
˲Ҳըˣ
ϴϴ󣡡
Ⱥ£ʤЩ£һʱΪˮҿ¡
һ֮͹ƽ֮ûκη粨һͷûˣͷ֮粻ʲô
ֵܣˣȥɣ
һϢʹδȬһ֣һȺ¾뿪ʱҶ
ߴЦ´󹦣ģһ㣬ӽ쿪ʼϴ󣡡
ϴͣҶȿͿǰ
£¡
ߺȻЦĿ⻺Ҷϣͻأ֮䣬Ȼһ⣬ɨҶȡ
֪ҪӲţжĥɱ¿ڰ׾Ԫգ
˲䶯ɱģɱУ
ϧҶͼУʱ̱˲䣬ԪͻȻطڣһͬϢԺ˸ͷŹӦʱһɹɿףԪʼȼա
ɵۣȻܷ
Ԫ
֮£Ҷʩչ޵˴еľȻϹʧĿ֮ҶһѸ̩ɽѹ֮ƴ¡
һ޵ͨ˲ӿɱߡ
ԪϺڰ׾ҶȱֶͨΣȻ޹£ڰ׾һͬԪ
˲Ϊľͷˣͫ׿ʼŴ󣺡ҡģ
ᣡ
ʱҶ̴߶ԼѪͬѪӿսߡ


816 ˵
㲻ģͲҲ㣬û׼ûֶΣ±ˣ㣬ң
˵ڶҽ޷֪ڲκ顣
Ҷʹ߶ȫѪں̫һ뾫Ѫ֮УͬѪˮӿڡ
١žѪ壬ࡢԼ䡣
ԭʬͳΪһ߳ƤңڲֻʣûоѪ⣬ѣȫѪһβɹȡɵ
ˣ
ԭʬ嵹ˣ

ߡ£˫ۣһѪ̶Ŀģһ찵ЦɵǲҪǿܶ࣬һںͿɿɵ׵ϧͷ֮磬ͻƣһƽϢͻᱻ˷֣
ͻƽҶϣ¡
ȡԭ衢ɵҶȾͳΪɵۣںֻǾ硢𵤡ѪŨȵȵȣһףҶȾ˽Ķӡ
ͻƣǾˮƻʱɡߣΪڲϴ󣬱ԽӴ칬ִߣһ취칬ִߣִʵǿûܵѹƣĿǰΪֻܶԸɵ۶ף
칬ִ߿ɲʲôҩѪ飬ֻ취ֻҪΪִߣƻɴ룡
ںɵʱҶȾŽϵ˼⣬һδξͳΣա
ɵ׵Ҷ˵ʮӴ󣬾綼ǳֲѪ߶ȣҲҶܱģҶɵ֮ľѪǲͬģҶѪȻûдﵽɵ۸߽ףĻԾȡȣȴɵױȼ硣
ҶȶߣȻѣȴǿһƽǻ̫һκɡ
Ҷ£ԭʬȥʬأһռһκ˶ڣһ쿪ʼںϣʵȻûߣǿɵ򣬼ѪѾʮ־޴󣬿ṩҶͻ߽ɵ֮䡣
һ£ҶȲ뿪ѾȫںԼϢصøв֮ҶϢֻҪǻʬֲֿڣһ벻ᷢ֡
֮ԻʬǿܷҶȲͬԭܼ򵥣ΪʬǿθҶȶµƤң̺ͬϢǿ߳Ե֮Ȼ֣ᷢһ״̬£ҶֻҪǿע⣬ǲ鷳
գҶеġ
жȡƵ̣Фϴһϴ󣬼ҶѹФϴܿͳΪڲϴڳͷ֮磬飬ǲעġ
ΪߣҶȿʼ߲򽻵ڲ֯ԸˣǼˣΪһӪΪִ߹ӣЩɵ۰˽סŽסʮһ㲻£רԸߡ
ҶҪһɵ۸߽ѾԽ̫ͣɵ۸߽ף˵Է٣ǻֻиıԡ
һգҶȴһ£֮УȥĥִߣҶ¯ǰΪһ˶
Ҷȱ˫֣ڻ¯ȵǼ
磬ʲô°ţ
ֻԭֽɫɿ£ʵµԶײǵٵĴУкϹϾ
Ų̄Ҫ˿ҾͲţõͥ鱨һɹǼҲǴߣ
Ҷɭɭ˵
СһЦ˻ѰһṦ򣬴ޱ߻¯磬ϳһˣǱյĿȫǵ塣
ˣ廹ûп֪ЩŪ϶ǻ̷·׼
̳
ǧ򷴿ߣܵĥĥˣоһݹɻȱĲ֣ĥˣҪĥͷ֮磬ǲķ
Ȼͬˣ
ļ̲־ᶯҡ
ȥѷ²ҾͲţʲʲô
Ҷײһ֣ȥΧǴ̾ߣҶ˵̫ϤҶȿΧԪʼ˵մ磬ң죡
Сֵܣ
ͷĬԶῪڣҶԪ̧̾ͷ˫ͫ𺳵Ҷȣ޷ţУǸôͻȻͳΪ߲㡣
οԱ䣬ԪǲģҶȱǰߣǼʶ졣
ᣡøĶֶΣСֵܣҪʲô
𽥻ָƽʵõ壬һ󽹳
ҶԪӿմ磬֮ǰ˵ҵĿģ׵ģҾ㣬ͷ֮ĿģҪӪֵͥܣߣͳͳȳȥħ磬Ҫ׵ٳͷ֮磡
Ӫˣݻٳͷ֮磿Ƥգգƺġ
Ҷһʣմ粻ţ
ţͥǿߣְ취ҪԼֵܣûһ˳ɹСֵܣҲ㣬ʵǰɣǨ壬ÿ֣ÿôз
ϣմҶȳĬһ˵⡣
Ҳ̶õϣһ˿
ԱֻҼƻ֮һһҪ칬ִߣһɹҾͿͷ֮磬ֶΣƻӡʱ򣬴Ҷӳȥ
Ȳ˵Ҫƻӡʵڲܣΰ䣬ԹжٺܣˣȴûСֵܣģţҺͬʲô𣿡
ɹ䣬ܼ򵥡

ԪͻȻЦ
մ磬ܲܳɹһ֮䣡ҶȲӰ죬侲˼·˵
ˣ֪âСˣйթȴΪ˺ֵܶܣԸðաСֵܣ㵹еǣĪǣҰܸͥ㣬Ȼȥִֺߣһ᣿ֹͣЦݣһ̣չֳԽһɵǻо飬˵뵽ĸ
ǾҶ뷨붯
ҶȻǰѣ磬ṩͥʵܣֻҪͥ΢ܣ˵ɣͥʹ˵жҪؽڣϣصͥλԱ໥ת棬ڿһʣִ߿ߣ֮ǳɹʧܣԼŬ׼һ칬Զ޷ҵĴڡ
ҪغͥΣֻ֪Сֵܣ㵽ʲôˣʲôݣ
ΪϽһɵΪ칬ν棬ѾҶȣֱڣΪҶкܴܣһˡ
ʶ⽣𣿡
ҪбʾʱҶͷԪչͨһصϢ֮ͫбһһճ֣ȻںϵĽ
ǡϢ
һ̣ܵϤͥ䣬Ϣ


817 Ӵִ

֮䣬ȼӢĽΪͥԱ嵱ȻϤ޷ģ⣬޷ģ³ġ
𾪵˵ԪƺˣѸͿҶȣСֵܣΪλĽѵ߲ͥ㣬ݻĴڣ
ҲͥˡҶȹҡҡͷ
ܣ߲ͥ㣬ͨԱӵϢеģ϶棬йʣ㵽˭
ؽɴе֪𰸣ƺϢȼգָ
ʵܼ򵥡
ҶȺȻЦЦµݣܵõİõͥﷸ֧֣Ҷȵٲǽĵˣѵˣǰãڶϻ£˭ӴĽ˭˴Ӣ
㡭
˫ĿԲһ˿˿ѷ죬̳ѪγѪ˿ԪЪ˹̾㡢칬ͨϵʮ㣬ڶϻ£ӹеĽˣ
ԣңҾ磬ΪμƻҲᱩ¶ҵݣǱҪһɽ磬зߣɱ칬ִߣմ磬㻹𣿡Ҷչֳɱϵİ
ţˣ
ҡҡͷĽܱƿأֵܣããһɽɱ칬ͥȥ㣬û뵽˵ɣκҪҶԴӦ㣬Ųһˣͥ˶ᣡ
ܺã
ҶȻһץһʥ˸һ칬ķ֣մ磬˼Ҫ¿ͷ
ɣ칬ִšȻҶ仰˼رۣͷ
ಣ
ֻ΢΢չһе̵Ķ̽С
ͣ͡͡
Ҷ֣ս̽ҡһһľض̣ÿһȥ̾ͻѪɡ
̣ͣһȥ϶¶׹ǣѪϵԸܵĶиõѪ⡣
̣徹ȻʼҽУһʱ䣬ߡͥԱзӦˣ
ҶȲû֣ͣûϻһ̾ߣиӶĶҺĥ壬һĥ̨ϣ׹Լ˶
һȡҪұͥҲԡǣұҪΪִߣ칬Ӧңһǧ꣬һڣ뿪ĵͷųХÿ˶С
ҲܴӦ㣬Ȼÿ˵Ķûмֵ
ҶȲ߶ʮһҺȥʱ¶ǵѪ⿪ʼ֨֨ظá
˵ɣ
Ҷȴ߶칬ʼӡ˵ÿ֡
մ磬ͥԱ鷳ȥԱԲ𡭡õ֮ҶȾͷӡϰ壬
Ǵˣκ̷嶼ƤӶգ£
޾⣬ҶĿȥ뿪ֱӽڲһ£ֱӳȥ
ѺķߣΪɵ۷壬ÿһаӡҩɾ֪ǰ칬ϣӢҲҪĥЩɵۣǰЩ
֣ô䣿
ڲͨӲι̽ǽǰҶ׷˵ϼ䡣
Ҷȴϼ仰ĮȻȥ·һҶȼÿڣʮɵۣ飬ͥԱҲУӵаħϢķߣ
ˣҪ棡
ͷﾹȻһ칬칬Щ칬ִƿء
Ҷ칬ִͿʩ
˵գ
һִߣ˵
ղͥԱ壬˿죬õһҪϢˣĿҶѷȥ
ţ
ִһɨ͸оϢͬվǰһʵɫһͽ칬֮УҶûʸȥģκûʸȥ
ԼһСʱִ˳
ߣ´󹦣ԺרŸͥطҾֱ쵼ˣԺ´ˣʲôֱһ㱨Ҳˣ쿪ʼԺкñ֣칬ῼΪִߣ뿪ͷ֮磡
ִ߳Ҷȵ棬һأøҪջҶȣĿģǳҶΪǸ¡
Ҷȼò´˹£һСǣСԺһΪ´ЧȮ֮ͣͥǰطܣһһͳӲʩҾͲţ˲
ҿ㣬ȥɣ´˻˻֡
´ˡһΪﵽɵףֲܳͷ֮ѹƣɵ״̬
Ҷӣ칬ִǰ˿Ų뿪칬ߵҶȻָҪ̫ѣ̫ѣҲôˣа㷴һݳȥִϾͻӦ
⣬һ޴ѹأͻȻҶڳɹ֮⡣
ܱܲһ´ˣ
Ҷûֱ뿪ڣһ˴ڲǰһ䣬Ϊ֮Уλߵˣִ´ˣ˭ҪҶȵʵƵĹ
һ£ֱһȻΪҶȵ̣ܳһʱ䣬Ϳʼ˽
ΧҪʮɵ۷ǿߣһһеıѺ̵꣬ľ壬Žʮ깦
νʮĥһ
֪Ҷͷ֮ѽʮ꣬ûСǧ䡢ͳӡ칭ȵȷҶճɹһԸɵۣնɱɵۣɹӽ칬ִߣͷ֮ܡأֻһ֮ң
̶ʮ꣬Ҷȵġ־ǵĥģ
ɹִߣҶȽжͲûһܼУǻ깦ҶȻڼ֮䣬һȡ棬һФϴȡ
ҶҪ㹻ˣȻԽԽã˭ϲԽԽࡣ
᲻ǵģǴģ
һ죬
մ磬Σͥλֵûа취Ŀǰʵ޷ȡһɵִߣִߣʵ϶ﵽɵ߽׶пܣ
֮УҶڶ嶯̣ʵڰпƶܣΪȡṩ
忴ʹ࣬ڣʮ泩˿¶飬ҪܣֻΧֵ֪£а취ǣȫ㣬һͬѹִߣ
ð취ͥôֵܣɵʮסŽס˽ǿߡ
Ҷһ˲Ѫڣôǿ߼ôֲҶȲδ˶˷ܹȣմ磬µȷҪֽһͨʱͬʱ߶Ϳִͨ߳֡
ãôˣϴӦ
ݷа취ִ´ˣ


818 ͷ

ÿһѺĶطַͥ칬Ĵڣͥ˹Ѻ
£Ҷߣͥطû˻Ҷ֮ͥڹ
һ죬ҶٴһԱͥڵ
ʮڵȴҶȣϸһÿһͥԱͬһ϶µĺۼÿκʹ̣ĿˢˢҶȡ
Ҷȴһ£һʱԪͥԱжԻȻͥҪԿһҶݣҶͨԪͷŽϢÿһˣݡ
ǼϿ֪ͨ´ˣͥˣҪǴ£
ߵ߹һȦҶȾͽֶ
ʶʱΪܣλΪͷߣվ칬ɡ£ܻͥҪ𣡡
ҶʮͥԱ˵仰ΧڵͥԱһ̶վ
λֵܣѰҼƻĿģһһǵ˶칬ͷ֮磬ϣпӳ죬λֵܣúңɴ£
ҶͷԪһͥǿ߶Ի
Ƿ칬䣡
䡢ˣϿɵ䣡
һ仰ӲȥҲ޷ˣ

һͥɵ۰˽סŽסʮ״ڣɽ磬վɵ۷壬칬Կľͷһ̣Լ֤Ϣÿ˶ɵԡ
ˣ
ҶȳӦߵ֮УĿһݣͥԱס
Ȼ칬ִ´ˣһȺͷ֮磬´˾޵дڣԼ̣û˿
Ƕͨˣ
´˽ҶһɨˣЩ䳰ȷ
߶
ͻȻһԪ֮
ˡ
һ޴֣ϿγɣɱϢϢǧͥǿߣͬʱӡɡ
ĥϣͥһǿߣҶ彻ȥķӡ۳һ龻ͬ֡
󵨣
´ʶͥ췴ˣ
ͷ֮Ṇ̀ݻٵͰ´ִߣǱʶΪû˿Էͷ֮磬ִ߲ѹƣÿһ޵дڡ
´˲ŷӦ˲
ˣĨɱ־
´һ̣ҶѾʼ֣龻ֲַӡ߶Ͽվ޴֣ںǧǿ֣Ȼ䣬ͷװ´ѹ
ǡ
´˾Ȼȫ֣֮ͥ޷߶ؼ־Ԫ񣬶֮ǹѹƣݻ١
̫һ
ҶһԾ𣬲ʵְƬϢΪޣɱȫ߶˫һӡ͵´ͷ־ͿʼС´Ͳš
ͷ
´һɵΪκηʮΪ֣ǣɲһˣǧɵǿ߶֣ȫѹںϻ龻ֲͨǵ첻֡
ɱһУ
ɾɹ˲䣬Ҷǿ߶о´ڱѹһ̣Ȼڤڤ֮ͷһ޷ѹƵϢȫͷ֮ںһҲ˵ֽƣ´ʧͷ֮ͻиӦ
ɶ񡭡
˶´Ƿƣһ̣Ҫըͷţͷ֮ǿߣҪӦ´䡣
ҶȻ´Ԫͱ˽ơ

Ҷִͷ֮κιԪ񡢱ͨû뵽´˾ȻͰԼƣںڳͷ֮磬ϧǧ֣ûоѹס´
ˣʧ
СӣǷһ顭
ͻȻһҶϤ
ǰ
Ҷ˲ͷֱݣǻʬˣǸ߸ϣӵв˼ǿߡ
ǿߵִںԪ԰ѹסɶԷںƣûˣ
ǣ
ǧͥǿߣɾתΪһͷˮΪǿȻܸӦһɾ޴޵´ǵͷ֮ںϵƣǿڴУѹ
Ҷȴ߶ǿʵﵽɵ۶ΪȫѪʼںѪ´ӿ룬´ͷһƣѾҶʩչƿء
ںǧԴݿƣ´·ûͥҶҪ´ˣܣɵҶ޷Ѫʼӿ´˺
֤һ޵ģ
СӣǷһ飬ôѽ
Ҷȶ´˹֮Уʬˣִ
ǰһ仰ֻҪƳ٣
ڣҶڿȷʬˣٲǵˣӲ칬ǿߣڳͷ֮磬Ҷȸоʬˣ·ܣܵõôһǿ߰мƻһƽ
Ҷȴģǿš
ҽźһССɳۣĵ໹˿ͷʬЩɸֵ̾Ϣ
˲䣬ҶӼת򵥼仰Ҷ̫ϲϢǰֻҪ˵ͷ֮磬칬Ҳܲڽ£

Сӣ֪˵ʲô칬칬Ķģ㣬ԶԶǿɶѹͷ֮磬˵ˡСӵǴº࣬аգͷ֮磬Ͽϣôĺ֮ʣ˵ܰ㣬Ը칬
ʬˣҶԱߣ޴ڡ
Ϊɽ޵дڣûгЦСҶȡ
ǰǷģΪģǰٴչأߵ죬ǲģ޷־оʵҾƷе磬ǰܷһ£ճΪΪɭ׳Ĵ£ûо԰գǲԳͷ֮磡
˶ɭ֣ȵµģ׳Ŵ
޳ҲҲᵹ£һҵĸ֮УϽã½ӵ
øøãСӣɣҾ͸һλᣬͷ֮磬һΣץסλᣬͷ֮߳ȥôͻ㣬̤ɽ۷壬޽֮أǷͨ
лǰȫȣǰܰңͷ֮磬Ϣͻơ⣬Ǿ̫ͣһأ޷ܿҵǱܣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȵܲҪȫչҶȵԸ硣
˼񣬱ʱҪһ򱶡ĸԣ̫ʺҵĿζͻϢ඼޷ѹȥһµǰ𣿡
ʬˣˬӦˡ
һȥǰ
Ҷȸо޴ˣʣʯӿ


819 󳬼
ɵף״̬µʵ
һ£ôֲ
ͥǧˣɵ۷ǿߣռϻʬĪŰ´ѹɱ
ʱ˿̣ŻʬɢȥͥǿҲ׷װϢգһ
Ҳʧ
ǿǰ칬ִߣڽУ
ǲףɵһƴ󹤳̡˾޴ͻƣؼҾ칬֮УѰҳͷ֮ܣ
Ѫں̫ȫӿ´ɵ֮Уһ̣Ԫ𵤡
һ̣Ҷȸܵһ΢ԣ´˽𵤣֮УȻܵһԡ
ȻǿңҶ֮һԣûһ˿а񣬶Ҳͨں·ͨһֲɡ
칬ִߣִԣ˵칬ɽĺᣬƺǴһɽںϵ֮УѶ칬кܶܰ
Ѫʼ´ʱͨԪ񣬶𵤣Ҷȿʼֲ칬ܣгͷ֮磬Ȼ´˲һִͨߣ̺Ҷȶġ𺳵ܡ
´ѪԽҶȣ֤칬ִߵĲǿ
ಡ
һ֮⣬ҶȾƤأһƤ֮ϣʩչײֲ¿ӡǣûӵȴΪһľܡ
ֵܣϲ
һʱ䣬ͥڵǿߣͨԪ񴫴һء
Ҷâţ칬ˣ뿪ͷ֮磬ȻΪϣ
λģ꣬һô뿪
Ϊ˾ںϣ˷֣Ҷ̴ſ뿪
Ȼص֮УҶµԪӡǣøʲô͸ʲôҶȰǰ׼ãѺͥǿ߼ٿ¼ִߣδϽ칬ڡ
طǳۣУͥԱҲи·򷴿칬Ѻǿߡ
´ˣԪȡѶϢҶȻʶʶЩۡ
ػߣûҶʲôͬΪִߣҶȴ󷽷
ͬһֲ磬ѽӡ´˼֮УҶҲڽӡϡ

Ҷľͺ
ȫͬǾ޴һƵӣֱһɣɣһӣ͹Ѻһ𳬼طӣÿһ𳬼ϣϸϸ
ѳѹʵʵ
Щǣ֪Ѻ꣬ͬ˲һ£ûɣûз˯һ㡣
һӣһ޴ڰգһֲ󷨣ÿһ󷨣һִ
Щִÿһһ꣬󣬾ֵһ´Ҳѹһ뿪ͷ֮磬ҶһҪ뿪Ȼ׾٣´뿪ͷ֮磬û˻ỳɡ
ɱЩۣ϶ǳԽаӡҩɾĳڣ֪ˣӦúܾ˰ɣɵףʱʱ̣̿ǵʧ
Ȼͬһɽ磬ͷ֮ҲзһҪҵԴӸԴƳͷ֮ƽ⡭
ÿһгط壬ЩۣΪԭͷ֮磬ͬ㣬Ƿ칬³
ǣ־ǿߣ

ҶȺȻرΪѺ𳬼ۣҲǲ˼飬ÿһˣȻٺˣǴϣͷųϢںϵϢ
еľǿߡ
´˼ɵ۷ʮ㾳磬Ƿ顢Ĳ㾳磬ÿ磬ֳԲЩۣӦòͨۡ
ֻΪ̫ͣǴﵽɵۣҶȾܴЩϢ𵤡ֱǾΪ
Ȼ͸ˣӦöǳУ
һۣͨҶھɽ磬ͺټаӡҩɾպյǳۣǰ𳬼ۣ߶ȲҶġ
ϧִֻͨѹûʸȥӴЩط˵ûҪ֪ÿˣֻҪ֪ǿ㹻ˣܣһӳȥھɽ緢չڣԽһͥĿãЩˣҪǹͨ
ҶȻ߶Ѿʼ߶Ԫ񣬳ǿͷţҶĿ֮һЩطйϵ
ٷǲύʲô
һܣܵҶԪԪһ
ҶȿʼȥͨͨǿߣԪͨ뿪ҶҲǶԻ
뿪Ҷ̴߶Ԫ񣺡λǰҲִߣѵλǰͨԪϢֱ治ִ߱ԴϢͬ𣿡
ȷ㲻ִߣǶȡִˣϢ֮УҸоֶϢϹŴ޽ϢԼаħϢ㵽ʲôˣǳۣҲںô಻ͬ
һǿ˵ˡ
ҶȿǰʲôˣǶһͬ㣬ǾǷ칬ͷ֮Ŀģǰ칬ͨϵʮλǰ֪
һ߻ڣǶڳͷ֮磬Խһ֮ãУ˱ʮ껹Ҫãͨͥͷ֪ĲϢôˣ
ʵִͬ߶ȡ
Ҷ޾飬·ڲһֱ֣ҶһԪӡǣӿ֣ˣͥˣ·

֣ͨҶȴݵԪӡǣ棬Ѿڶϻ£䡢ŭֲֻ档
ÿһ𣬼Ĭ
֮㣬ţû뵽ͥĽʵ˾ˣѾﵽ۷塭
һҶԺ֡
ԪϢ޷ǣһȻִܶߣǼ桭
ǰƾˡӣ
⼸Ҳ˵ˡ
ԪϢûһ뻯ʬͬΪʬˣпһλ
һɣһ̽һһ˵꣬ûҵ𰸣Ҷֹͨһ֣Ҫҳʬݡ
Ȼûһ˿ͷ
Сӣ֪ҵݣ
ҶԪ仯һ̣ʬˣȻܸоӳͷ֮֮У˵ˡ
ǰˣֻ֪ǰݡɲǼ䣬ҶȾûʬˣǿ޷ĵز
ܴӳͷ֮ųȥƷ칬Ǳʸ֪ݡ
ʬ˵꣬ʧӰ١
λǰĿģǽӳ죬һɽھɽ磬һȵȷҪж֮ʱٴλǰʹ˸ǣ
Ҷȹϼӿ첽뿪Ҫȥ칬֮Уͷ֮ܡ


820 ʼͻ
֮Уʮ칬ͨ´˼䣬Ҷ֪ÿһ칬һ칬칬ۣɵƶҲһռ
Ȼ칬⡢ϡ
ÿһ칬칬ִСϢҪĵط
һ칬ҶȾͽһ˶ĵռ䣬һ°Ȼ磬ͷ֮ȫһ죬һأңȻǿʢ˼زԽɽ
칬سͷִ֮ߵչˣ
ȱúãҾ칬֮㹻ȥʬǰϽôɵԭ衢ߡ´Щɵۣںɵ۵ĸͻɵ۾Ͷ˰գ
칬֮УҶȸоһ⡣
Ŷ칬֮ЩȻܸӦɵϢЩ칬Ǵեȡģ
ֱӵԣ칬ִߣ칬ü
칬ܾҶȱ칬ֶθӸ
ˣܾô࣬󲿷Ӧڳͷ֮Դܣ´Ҳûʸ֪ͻ֮ʵʩչͨȥ칬߲Ѱܣ
ͻҪ
ҶȴԼ칬֮󣬾ͻص´Ϣռ䡣
һԼ״ĵռ䣡
ɵô࣡
̳֮ϣҶȾ;ˣڷ̳֮ϲ㰸֮ϣһкеɵûʮҲ֮࣬иЩɵ칬ֲõʹ͡
䡭
һ̨Ҷȡһö䣬⿪һ滹иɵĸ߼ʯʥƷƷƷʯ̫࣬飬ƷʯɽĶʯ
´ղأƷʯҲŰţɵؼ̫ˣ޷
δƻ֮Уÿһߣܽ᲻ΪãǷ칬ÿˣöҪ뿪Щҩʱں룬ж֮ǰÿһţи뿪ͷ֮磡
ͨҩҶ˵ãЩҩһʲƸǸߣ뿪ﾡ
ͨͨ봢䣬ϣֽ䡢޽佻纺ҶΨһķ
̳иʯɣֱΪ׼ģҪ۸
˲ڷ̳Ͽգ߶̫һ´ɱοռ䣬ʼ
ʮ죡
죡
һһַȡ״̬£ϵˡ
㹻ˡʮ꣬գҶȵ֮ǿɵۼѾﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣԽҶԼǧ
ҶȾȥһЩճȻ뿪칬ȥФϴȻڵ
һˣ
ת
̼䣬´ڹҶȵľѪͨͨӿ֮УͱҶתתѪֻǰɡ
෴´˳ΪҶȵĿܣҶںž´뿪´ȥʬأִ֧Ҷݣ˻ʬء
ڿ´ˣʼڻݣ˫ͬʱж˿ɵ㣡
ˣܺã
ʬأ
ҶȽ룬һֹ޷֣ʬˣҶȾͱһ˲գ֮䣬ҶȾȻһŴ̱ζ޴䶯θ֮С
θڻƷƷʯڻΪߵĳۣκɵ۲һ꣬ͿСӣͨҶ㣡
ɲǼ䣬ⲻ˼顢θУûҶȷӦʬ˾Ϳ˵ˡ
ǰҪң˭Ϊƻ칬Ϊ
Ҷʱʱ̱̿־侲ǰ뻯ʬ˵Ļƶϳ칬һĳޡ
򣬲
ʬˣȻСӣĻ̫ֶγ䲻⣬඼벻ͨҪͻƿԣֶó࿴
Ǻǡ
Էʼ¶ĻҶзûѵͣһЦǰ㲻ֶΣϣǰҪңҪǱңɽ֮⣬׼ޣҪʲô£ұ֤ǰͷ֮磬һữΪУ£ж׼ȻҲת޶˵ѣǱƵһ̶ȣҲѡ񡭡
ң
ʬ˶ŭˣûֶΣ㣬Ϊ㲻ɹൽʱͻᱻһң㲻֪칬ȻӣǻһҪûϧ
ǰָˡǰŹǰģҿ׳һԪӡǣʧܣǰԺɽ磬ҲҵңʱƾǰãаԹԣ
Ҷ˲ףʬˣԲǹҪΪָ߶ȣûбҪһΪС
ˡСӣ˵ѾˣϵһҿҪǿҶṩ㣬ΪඥҪɹΪɹҿܾҪ䡭
ʬ˽Ъ˹
ǰͷҶȸмǰõģûֶΣͲͷ֮磬УǰҲǷ칬Ĵڣ
ĴܣǿߣҶȺԷûбҪίߣңҶҲһֺĸо⻯ʬˣȷһ΢ϵΪ̫ͣ޷߶龻ָӦ
ʱҶʳ֪⡣
԰൱ɷߣ֮Ը㣬ΪϢ֮УϷͬĴڣֶۣΣܳײϢ㣬ǰԼԸ꣬ƿ˵ͨеģʼɣʱɲˣһ仰θʼӿ
ǣ
һͻȻҶҲû˼ȥٸʵףԷһеΪˮǴ֮ȻԴ߶龻֣ƿˣϤ
ʬֵͷзӡɣ츳԰ͻϢѹȻ󻺻ȥڻڳͷ֮磬칬ִûʸҵ£
ͷţ
õǿ˷ĳŵҶȺɣеĶ߶ӡƣȫˣ
䣡
һϢƷ籩θռ䱬
СҲ֪ͨʲôʽ˿µǱľѪ壬ҪֲԽࡢ壬һΣԤϵǱ
ǿ̾
Ҷͷƽ֮ͷʱǿ־Сӣʵڹ죬ҾȻ޷һ㣬ۣû֣츳ɽ纱УҲȲ˿ֲȻںаħ塢塢ԡе
ȻܵϢܸӦ
ҶȴʱȻѣĴУĪ⣬ֶۣҲֻҶ̺ԣκǿߣûпҶȵĵϢΨصǿߣһ˿һӲ˫ۡ
ʲôˣ


821 ʮ
ǿ߸ҶȸоǾɣʴȻʯǽоҲûϢ
ѪǳԽ˵ģ壬㳤ڶȥ㽫ͻƳۣ֮ͨʱûмֻѪԪǲеģǸ
Ҷͷӡʬ
ǰ
Էһԣȷ˵ҶʹͨȥУˣǶҵǰ˵ͷ֮磬ʹҪһУԥΪľǴĿģֻжɵۣҲлɼƻ
úãҾϲǣ뵱ʱʲô£ɹϧˣҪһҲûгԵңΪȣҪôȡɵ۵ͨͨඥ㣡
Żʬ˵꣬ҶȶһȻԷûаԼԵ
ˣ
˭ҪʲôҶȸоθʼӿƺʲôʣţѪɫһҶĺꡣ
лǰȫ
Լֲ˼鷽ʽ죬һҪɵۣĿģҶҲԲſһͷ̴߶ȫ
ৡ
һʱ侫Ѫϸ𵤡Ԫ󡢴׷׵žѪع

Ԫ״̬Ҷȣع͸оԼҪѹǣһ䡣
ƤҲƤңҶȷ֣Ѫ⣬ڻʬ£Ѫ⿪ʼֻûԪѣһûʶ塣
лǰԼоϰ߰
̼䣬ҶȾͻعվһ´ͷɹҶȺ´Ԫ󡢽𵤡Ѫ⣬ͨͨ壬ҶҲΪ´ˣҪ´˵ƣںϡ
ĺ꣬û뵽㣬Ҹ𰡡
ʬޱȣ˻һҶȸоԼϣ϶뻯ʬͬĴڣ򣬻ʬ˾Բ˰Լ
ҶԼԲƽ޹ȥͻأһˣ
ָоʵ´˿ɵǿߣͻ߽ףͻưɣ
ɲǼ䣬عҶȣ߶һɿֲƽ֮γɷɢȼҶվθռգȫ֮УͻϢͷţȼգҶȻڲͷûжڳͷ֮索Ѫɵۼ´ˡ뻯ʬµҶѾ˲
Ǻһ޴ƽٻ¯ˣ޴ʮ̶ֺʵ˲ӿ֣ҶȾ͸оԼȻеһƽٻ¯ֻȻеķ籩ҪͻƷ籩ûڷ籩֮С
꣡
Ҷֻһָͷƽٻ¯¯飬ҶȾ͸оףô֮
ͬʱҶȽѹͻɱ䣬ͷƽٻ¯һƽγɡ
һָƽٻ¯ͻˣͻף
ţһƽٻ¯ϵس֣

ʱ˿̣
ĳʱյһӰݣǣھӰ֮ϵʱգȴһ޴ķӡͬѹ
࣬øص࣬ǱȻ˿ֲȫԽ塢һЩϹޡ
ӰԺĳ
Ԫ֮Уһδ֣ӵԵˣѵ󴫳Уһ󴫳Уǳۣܴﵽָ߶ȣѾǰˣϢ࡭ֲСӣΪˡҵʹδϾ
ȻӰȻǻʬˣ֪ʱգöã
ʬأҲĶ
ףɣ
޴Ļƽͭ¯ָһץͳɹѰ飬ƬҶ塣
ǵѹ飬ȵͻƵһ㾳磬ͷ飬ʱҪѪ
ͻףҪʼ飬޷ѹ飬ҶʵѾԽﵽɵ۶סףоѹɱ䡣
ͻ߽ס˽ͬ鷳һЩǾŽסʮףʲôκƿ£Ҫ߽⣡
һͻף߽ףѶȻӴ󣬵Ҷӵ̫ɵʵѾû˿ѣͷ֮缸ʮ꣬д洢õǾ춯ء
ܺãɵۣű𣬽ɵۣ֪ʲôɽ磬ǵ뷨Ǳɵ۴٣بδУСӣҪɵۣڳͷ֮ǲˣ
ʬԶ
ǰͻ۷壬ҵĿ꣬ҵʵﵽɵˮ׼ʱҪ칬Զ޷һ쵽
ҶȲ̰ʵҪͻɵۣѾ£ǲ֮ҶȾûԽɵۣؼǻʬˣҲѹҶȵɵ۴١
߽ף
ƽٻ𺣿ʼܷգŴ߶ƽٻ¯˲γˣҶȺޱ飬һĳ߽׻¯һϡﻩΪƬ
һ̣Ҫѹͻ飬ԽԽѣѹͻƣڴȻɡ
ţ˽׻¯ҲʼγɣҶ̫һһȭ¯ˡ
Ҷڳ
СӣͰЩɵʬͳͳ㣡
ΧѪɫռ䣬θʼ£һɷӡͬ𣬳Ҷȸնһž˵ɵ
ЩǻʬˣԵɵʬ壬յҶͻƣȱ֮ʱһʱꡣ
Ȼ˼ҲҶȾͲٶһھͰɵۼӡˡ
ֱҶռҪǿһ֡Žף
һԳӣһͻ˽ףҶһɵ۵ͻʮҲû⣬񣬵õʬֱˮ
һ£
Žƽٻ¯ͺӳֶɣҶβȭͷһźɨͰѻ¯ֱ÷顣
ʮףҲ۷壬ͻѵһأһأҪĴ󲿷
ɣ
ѪɵۼҶһ̿ʼ߶ͷţоˮޣڷŭ˳
ƽٻͻȻڣƽٻ¯γһȦǳ棬ǳϢһɴ޵ƽ
ϹϢСӣõϹͥɣ
Ҷͻ֮ʱʬ˵ˣԸӵͳ
Ϲͥþ֮ţɽٰɱõ޽壬õһЩϹ˵ȷϹͥйϵ
Ҷȸоλǿߣ칬йϵƺϹͥҲйϵ
ˣǰãһõһΪ޵˵ϹǿߴУ֮ҵϢ֮УкǿҵϹϢҽɵۣеһҶһ߶һ濪ʼͻʮס


822 ңԶϣ
֮ԭǼѾȻֲ֮ϢȻ඼ҪɱΡ
ʬ˳˼һ޵س֣СӣҪСϹͥǰˣ칬Ҫޣ
Ϲͥ칬ǺöǰģҾ֮Ҫ󣬴ӶҵԼĵǵ󡢷ˡˡħа壬ն׷ͬ߶ȣϹͥǣң칬ҪѹңǶֻҳɳֶ֣
ҶȸоǿԽ͸ٿ϶һ㣬ǿߣһվɽ۷ĴڣǽҲȲϣֶۡ桢ɽ۶޷ȼ磬пܣͬ߶ȵĴڡ
ָоʵҶȾǿߣִڣ
ԣǿ߲Ҷ޷Ĵڣ
ǣǿȾͷȻԸͷ֮磬Ȼб飬ȴɿǿȻ칬֡
ͿԽͣΪνͥ޷Ʒ칬ΪΣˣԸѡΪ칬ɽִԭ
ڤڤ֮УһдͿó칬ʵжô˼飬ɽǿʡ
һ㣬㾹ȻںϵϢɽôãΨһĴڣСӣܹȻܶ࣬ģǷ꣬ô꣬Ʋɣû˼ټȥң㽫վɽ۷壬ȥ޽֮أ֪һ֮޷Կ֮ɣʱ䲻ˣʬнԶ
ʮףɵۻᴥɼ𣿡
ڣﵽ۷壬ƽٻ¯סҶȣҶȵžͻƣŽΪʮƽٻ¯һ֮䣬ץסΪƽٻ¯
䡭
᳤磬ƽٻ¯׻Ϊ
£ڿͷŷӡѹ֪һֱʮףǺεȵľ޴ɱ䡭
һ̣ʮףŽףҶȾͲѹ飬չ˫ۣƯθռ䡣
ž
ͻȻҶȵֱ˺ϡãڲĹϸ硢١ࡢԡԪ𵤣ͬʱ̣Ҷͷʼ춯ذ顣
١ѪԴݿƿʼը飬һһ磬һƬһƬҶԿƤ͸һڰĻ棬ÿһëͷӿֲա
˿ֲ飬Ҷʹ࣡
ţŰ칬㣬ϹͥȺˣǵŰɣҪһδҲ޷ԤɽҪˣ޽֮ػٴս
ԴҶҶ֪֪׵ˣ˳ħ纺񣬻ʬˣΪҶǱˡ
ңִڣ֮УԲῴһˡ
ɽ˵ϣδСȥı䣬˳Ϊδϣϡ
ǿڼ֮С
ŷһ
񷣬ޡһ飬ɵʲôһߣǿ󡭡
֮УԪ鿪ʼۣ֮ǰٱʲôҶһ񣬶ԴԽɱˣͬɽۣһ񣬾նɱһһɵۣңԪ䣬Ҷʩչڰ׾ȥ
ԪָƽҶȾӦ飬ֹ̣Ǵʵޣ޳ִ֣֮еʵǴ浽飬赽ʵϵУҽ
໨ߣϵسѰұ˰ޣȻڰһƬ档
߱䡢޵ΰ񼣣ʼϲں֮ҶԪ񲻶ϵس
໨Ŵ۵Ϣ
ʬͻȻθռ𣬲ޣʵʵСӣֲϢΪ㹦أ໹޷Ӧû뵽㾹Ȼӵ໨Ŵ۵Ϣ
໨Ŵۣ
֮еҶȣòʬ˺̻ڵ򣬳μ໨Ƥĳʵɽ磬֮Уõһ໨ƤĪǣǰ˵໨Ŵۣ໨Ƥˣ
Ȼ໨ŴۣԪ֮У͸໨Ŵ۵Ϣû뵽ɱƤҲŹǶȣ໨Ŵۻֵܣ䣬Ǿ춯أõ⣬Ⱑ䣬ɽ칦֮һ
ǰȻ໨ŴֵܣǰҸоŴܶˣŴӦû䣬Ƕɽ١֪ûлλǰ棡
Ҳ֪
ǰ໨Ŵ۳ֵܣǰǺηﰡ
ʲôԺȻ֪ˣ໨Ŵ֮ǰɽ٣֮ͨûϢ壬ɽλôŴᵽһ磬ӵر˾ŸԴʲôģӦСӴ£Ϊɽͷ˰ɣ
ǰ˵
Ի֮䣬ҶͻȻһ£Ȼᵽǿɽ磬վ۷ǿߣֶ۶Ƕ֣ҶȾ֣ǰڿɽǿߣȻûȥ޽֮أɽ綼˽⣬ɽ˽֪
ͷëͷСӣȻһϢˡ²˰һоţСӣ·ʼɵۣݺɽӣ㽫Ķ֣ǳĿ£ѾĥòˣʣµģӲдѣҪһԾţӵиǿδԸںԣѾӽ֮壬ҪҵİСӣ˵Ļĳɾͣ
ʬˣͬ𵴡
ҶͻȻվתԴͦţΡһЦҪҶȣҪһСҲܱ˲ڽ¡
ããã
ʬҾԸܸģһѪôֻ꣬ӵôѪһΣ㣬һΣҪҵˣϣܰҵԸҵУ
ѪҶ
ѪѪҺͬԴѪںһ֣ҶȾͿԽɵۣۣ
ǿ߾ȻѪ˼飬ҶȲţˣôƿѪ
ҶͻȻ˫üһݣ˫ĿԲǰѵ㡭󣡣
ԵΪǶɹٵĴڣͬ໨ŴۣԪڵǿߡ໨ŴۣƺѾ䣬ҵҲ֪񣬵͸һУ
ξѪѪģѱ˶ߣһѪھҩɱ䣬ǶԴ㽫ɽ磬һ£Ĵڣ
ԣδǱҲ޷Ԥϣ
ʬһ̾Ϣÿһ֣ÿһ仰ÿһУڸдڼӿ


823 ɳ
ǰ
ʣ
Ҷѹ뼤Ҫʳʱϱʬ˴ϡ
֪кܶɻ󣬺ܶ⡭
ʬ޵˵ָƽŲɣģ·Ԩ޷̫࣬ɽδ޹أδ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣɽ磬Ǹոմðѿѿδٺܶ౩ꡭ
ǰѪ˴ô£
Ҷȿͨܶ෽ʽõһдӣѪͬһ㣬ǿĴڡ
κ޷Ტۣ
ǲԭϵһǣһԭͻΪ棬ҶǲԭѪһǣ
Ҹ㣬ȻҪ󣬲ǰ׸Եһ⣡
ʬˣóҶʵǸԭˣҪǾʩǻ˼ͱˡ
Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣ͷǰǰѪʲôǰȻҪôҶȾ£ǰʲôҶȾ˵һ֣
һҪѵڶѪĴߣڶǵ֪ҵݣҪȥδɵ£
ʲôˣ
ͲҸ㣬ͨ²öãͻ֪ͨͨҵݣȻȻ֪ðѪ˭
ʬ˵꣬ȻθռϿգθض۳ӡ˼ķӡҶȡ
ͻɵʱںѪһɵۣǴﵽ磬ſںѪ㲻ͬǱԽгۣӵ󡢵ǰδԳȥˣͻɣԼȥ칬չںʵѾﵽɵף
ηӡѪķӡâؽҶ壬ʬθȻںһҶ޷˾ȻĪʬ֮ӡһߵС
ǰ
գ۹㣬뿪ʬأػʬ칬ִߣδ˿Ҷ𺳣ٴκʬˣϧûһ˿
ҶƺһѪƯڵλãҶ𵤣ò𵤱
ֳ˼Ƭ̣ҶȾͻع칬´˵
һͻʮףҶԼ޷ţͷ֮ʮðжϻʬ˰漣
ʮݣɽȻеģĳЩ塢ܣΪ쾳磬˵ʮݣǼ磬Ҷȴͬ˵ͻʮ׵ˣûС
ǿٵصһˣ
εһ½ʮݣ
ҶȲûһζ˷֮У칬´ճĴȥһȦҸڣֻڳʱ䣬ҶȲŻص
ţȻǳںʮ׾
̫ѸͻƣҶҪ̫컯ȭ龻֡޼˻ס֮ڰ׾޼ս˻סײ칭ͳӣɹ⡢޽еҶȶҪһһУںϲ
ǵʱ䲻ҶȲûһһУҪ߶̫һںϡ
ȻǳΣҶƺץסʲô£оڲýһƲ
ҵľ硢ϸ˼飬ͬ´ɵһ㣬纣󣬶Ҽǿ󣬲𵤶󼸱ƾ˾ΪһɵۣǱξȸӼ϶ţ
ǧꡭɱʮˣҽɵۣʵ޴Ծɵۣʵͻﵽɵ۸߽ףһɱʮˣʮ˸ɱӣʲôֶţЩֵӣͬһ߶ȡ
γͷ֮磬ҶȲģͨһδжӵʵΪͨҶȶʩչøԿɵۡ
ǣҡҵľ磬ϴ߶̫һͬʱ̫޼˻칬֮ǿʢʱڣһ
ʱ컨аĸɵֵͼɵۣһ齣նɱǵҶ˵Ǿ޴󱦲ء
֪Ҷһ̣ʮ굯ָ
Ѵƽ״̬ںϣо񷣬ҾȻеĳ޴ڣгĹޡ
ƺʮҶֶһ򣬵Ǳ޴Զ񷣬ʲô
ʮ꣬Ҷͫһݳâʧں֮Сǣ˴еȡ
ںϣʵﵽҶȴδйĸ߶ȣɵۣ䲻ɵ۾磬ʵѾʵʵﵽɵףףָоҶɣξѩЩ߸ϵɵۣǶΪȥ
ڣҶѾվͬĸ߶ȡ
ڰ棬ԽԽۣҶȺȻңͷ֮磬Ѿɳ
ƻνһ룬칬ҪԶǵٻΪʦ˵ҪΪ㱨𣬾һҪƷ칬ʱҪץסʦһ칬Ϊʦͻ֮תˣΪʦԾһ̣ץסԪ񣬽㸴Ϊʦţһ죬ջᵽ
ָģץѪۡ
ǰѪںЩɵͥһЩߣ׼׼
һɵʹӴɳţŴѪ֮УһɵѪǴӶضնģʩչƿϼӳַӡѪÿһɵ
ףȴһƴ󹤳̣ҪǿѪ飬Լӡ
ţִɵۼ󲿷ںÿһɵһ㷴߷ã˫ذ£ָܿһʵӳȥ칬ִһġ
ûͣҶķܴһƶǿ߷칬ʣһ֣ϣЩߣڽ֮ʱܼ뵽Ӫ֮Уʱֶ죬칬Ҷȶе̡
֪ҶȰеҩںһ֮ǶʮʱȥҶȼͷ֮磬ﵽꡣ
ãھȥͥȻȥ󳬼ۣˣһΪãǾ绢ˣ
˲ʮУʮɵ֮䣬Ҷȵʵǿ̶ȣ˷ëͷ֮磬ͨ칬ִ߶Ҷȶ֣ؼܶͨҶȶʩչ
뿪칬ҶȾڲФϴٻ
˵Ļ㶼ǺãҪϸѰһЩķߣǣҪϿ죬ʱ̾Ҫ٣
֮⣬ߵ䣬Ҷ´ݣ߸ϣФϴ󹧹վһԡ
ϴǲҪжˣ
ФϴҶȰ꣬ӿʼʹ֪ҶҪʲô꣬Фϴھϣ֮ԽԽ
ͥнЩۣһһΪãҪ£ҹ֮ͨҾȥѰҳͷܸ֮ԴФϴԺңһλò֣
˫ֱҶشЦŴ󲽷ﳤȥм´ˡһһ㿪Фϴһֱͷ


824 ͷ֮
ͷ֮磬һ칬֮У
һΪݻĵͬȻӵкɽɭ֡ԭ칬ִߣ칬ִ߶ھۻ֮أͷ֮Ƿߵ칬ִ˵ֻһ֮ء
ִɽ֮֮ͤоۻᣬƷʳҩȵȡ
λ磬СƣһֱţѵþۻᣬλĪҪ
һɽϣҶ´ˣλִ߳ġ
칬ִֶЩɽɵӣճ࣬УǾۻᣬȥһʱִ칬ͷ
´˼֮УҶȼ칬ִߴ󲿷ϣں´ˣйһģһû˻ᷢҶʵݡ
Ȼ´ֻһͨ²ִߣҶȻ޷֪ͷ֮硢칬ϸϣۻᣬЩ´᳤ִ߿УȡõѶϢ
ۻ㼸Ž
磬Сͷ֮ҲЩӣΪһĸ߲㣬ͷչˣвɵţ
ɽ֮ϣʱֻʣҶһˣ˶뿪ҶûᣬȻŹóɵͿʼ׻
ɵΪ⣬ָһȣҶȵѽ㣬ûйϵȻкӹͷ֮磬ν꣬ûԴûŮˣѰ
ϻһӴ򿪡
칬ִ֮Ҳ棬ҶʵҲ֪ΪʲôСܱŤȻףȴںԪأȥСܿ򣡡
ִһΪڼɽ֮£ڼɽӦòֻ֪Щ߼ִ߲ʸգ
ڼɽҶ˲۾Ľڴѡ
ʵҶģⲿͬģڼɽҶȵȷû˵Ȼɽʮֺ嫣ɽʱգ֪ҲȻġ
ţڼɽϹ֮ʱԪɽ磬ֵⷢģΪڼɽһǴ˵еϹǰΪôע⣡

ɽԴһ޼֮أκ޷˶֮أǴЩķ壬ճģףΪʲôӦȻϢ˰ɣ޼֮أԵκȻû޷Ӧⲿͷ֮磬ɵΪҲЩط
޼ɽսᣬﵽ״̬
ڼɽʾ޼ʯ޼ʯܶûΰĹƿ޼ʯڼɽǰܣڼɽԨͷ֮磬ͥĽҲ޷ȥÿˣȥ޼ʯ
ԭġ
ҶЩˡ
ͷ֮磬޷оɽǽһطռ䣬Уû뵽Ϊɽ籾ԴеһأʵҶ𺳣һɽûˣ֪ڼɽĴڡ
ɽ칬ΨΨŵŵûģ
޼֮أڼɽҶһ룬ǰִ߲ڻˣ
ֲΣ
ͥǰˣӪ治֪˵һһٸ޷ͳͳһӶȥֵܣǿߣͷŸͨӡϣгͷ֮ʮƷǻõ˴ͷ֮ע𣿹
ִߺȻЦһֵһҶȾĵܡ
ȻһʮƷͷ֮ѹţڼɽ޼֮أҶᣬ̫һûãοˣȻҶ;֣̫һ޷Ӧͷ֮֮
ԭһʮƷڰѹʮƷ޴ޱȣҲһ״ƣ³ͷֻ֮򣬲ѹ
һڼɽ칬ǿߡγͬͰĳͷ֮硣
ƺһжʣֿɼ滹вܣͷ֮ڼɽкܶܡ
ֶԻһ޹ؽҪһҶ̻һת磬طͳͳȡϧյ̫٣Ҫܶգ粻ͻͻ
ͷ֮ΨһôΨһˮУǺǣֵΪȡ
ִƷζ𣬿˵ЩطǱ֮ˣǰӣ˵ʲô󳬼طɶ罣һǿǿ̫࣬ӹϵĴڣһΪṩֻͷ֮磬ǿػߣܵõһ֣ܲˣ֪ɣ
칬ȡǿž޴ģҲûʸ֪
ҶҡҡͷԷһҶĶϢæʵط
ȻУһλɴ۵Ĵڣɴ֪ǿǺܾǰ칬ɵĳͷʱˣͥҪǿ󣬸ɴ۵룬ж
ִ̾Ϣӣϰ棬΢΢ָ֮תȻҶһۣǿߣͷǽֲֿڣҪǳȥԵͥ
ͥҶš
ȥ˽жٳط״μطҶȾ;˾Բһˣû뵽طȻǽһɴ۵Ĵڡ
ֲԸ䣬ҲԸͥ
Ϊһͱץһͷ֮磬ȥ뿴Žֵͥܣװ
ãʵ⣬طԭͷʵÿһǳһĴڡȫȳȥ칬Ͷֲˣ֮һΪá
һ룬ҶȾסѪӿǶȣǲƻͷ֮磬ܰЩطȥγͷ֮ƻҲ޴ջ񣬽ɽ磬һչô󣬱˵ֶ죬칬Ҳ濹⡣
ԶһǿҪ
ֵܣȣȤԸҸɣ֮һʮɣʲôóͨϵҾаգΪҵľ˾ˣһ𳬼ִۣ˺Ȼס񱭣Ц˼ĿҶȡ
л࣬ھһңϻʲô
ҶȶôԷʲô˼᲻̴֪߶䣬ִ߽չ¶Цݡ
֪䣬гͷ֮ڼɽܣκζ㳢ͷôᱻã
̰ʱεضţ
һѰңҶüͷһóһӡϧرˣռеƷʯЦɣ

Էõ֮һͿ͸ӡ֪ƷʯƷʯɵۡ۴ô󡢽׵ȵȣ֮󣬶Էվֵܵűǣʮ꣬¾ͳˣ
ʮʲôҪȥ֣Щۡ
ռƻֻһ֮ңһ칬ڲȡܣҵ뿪취Ҷ澳УǹԲ


825 ɽͷ
磬Сھȥ֪̫ӣֻнǺλá
ûҶȲץסͻͶҪ
û⣬ǽѣֱ꣬ӽȥǣκΣգЩط󲻳ʲôǸкò£Ҿȸǣ
ִȻƴЦȴ䳰ȷУ´ˡãͷԵĹ߶ѡ
ڿռԷߡ
Ҷȥһ˶أȡѪִФϴȡص칬Ϳʼһſɵ֮УҪһιΪŭޣǽ칬޷ѡ
ֹȥһʱ䣬Ҷ׼õҩ֮󣬾ͼ´ݣÿ칬һЩس룬ûش֣ž
һ𳬼طƵܵ칬ĥ뾫ϴݻ١
ǧ𳬼ۡôӴһ֣һȥаӡҩɾǧ򱶣Զô٣ǻᣬǳȥϣ칬Ͳˣ
һ𳬼ۣҶ˵Ҫ뾡취øֶΣƵ칬
ûнͷ֮磬ҶΪ칬ֻǱȳһǿʮĴڣۼ֤Ӫлʬǲ˼ǿߣɴҲǵ칬֮£칬ȫ߸Ҷӡ
һ˺칬ҶȾòʵ̫ʵ
λǰݼ
ֱӲ֮£ʼͷԪȳϿգǱѹ𳬼ط˵
Сӣ
˻ڡ
̫ߣ⣬Ҷȸ͸ǿòͷԪ񣺡λǰǲܴλȥ
һ۵ǲţû
ԣǿ߾ǿߣΪ仰ɿһΪ֮ݣҶȴģһһ˵Щˣ˵λǰ֮Уһλɴ۵ĸߣǿˣɴ֮ս׾ɽ硢磬ҵһλֵܣõõͷ񼸺Ѿռļսףõɴ۴У˵û£ҵֵܣ
ɴ۸ߣܣǸʱ̫ңԶҲֻǴţɴʵڹģ
СӣǶۣ
ۣŲšһ˿ŭЦ˵
ǺǣܳΪɴ۵׷ߣλǰ֤ˣûִߣ֪ݣҶȾͲţΨһ˽һǿߣ˲졣
һһ˵
ǰԪͷģлһ˿Ϣ֪ˣ
˵ƾܹ⿿ͣҶ˼һ˲һذ취߶Ԫ񣬰ѵ̩õͷĳӿǿԪ֮С
ǷĽڴϢġͷȻǴ˵еս֮һ
һۣԶˡ

ȻҲһ𳬼ۣһ̾ҶԪ˲۶ȥλҡͷ֣ɴ۵ĸߣ
Ҳճλ˼Ҵһӳ칬ΪɴѩޣţЩֵܣ䣬ɢһţΪ칬õսף
ҲλعϵĳۣȻҲͷãɴ۵ݣҾɴ£󻤷֮һ߾𣡡
߾𡭡ʵû뵽ɴ۵ĸߣ񻹴š
ɴ£֡
һ𣬹Ѻˣû뵽־ȻǴ˵е߾ɴǸʱڵǰ
ѣǸ
߾֮𳬼ǿߣһ̾Ϣи֣ꡣ
Ҳ̾ϢƺԱ𳬼ۣҲǴȻ߾Ѻ϶ӵͬʵ߶ȵľͷ
컯ŪˣûϵΪսף桢̩ӡ׽оȵǿߣͷˣ֤߾𣬴Ӷʼ˵Ĵ󳬼ۣ
ֶԻ֮ʣҶԺȴһ̾Ϣʵգսƺڤڤ֮УΪһ֮ħɴۡ߾칬ȵϵһ
ò̾
ҴﵽΪʩչ龻֣¾ղͨҶڴɵۡ
ͷ֮磬ҶȾϵʶɽĿʼȻôɵطȻǻʬˣ໨Ŵۣ߾ɽ̫ûɵΪ޷ġ
ʱ߾˵ˣСӣλѣԪϢӦħˣǷѾõдսף
ƾԪϢܷݡ
ǳۣɴĸߣǿ̶Ȳ˼飬Ȼûлʬǰ̬ȴѾԽҶɵ۸֣뽣ͬ߶ȣҶȿֵܳħ𣬵õսײ⣡
ħ𣿡
ͻȻһλشۣͻأһ
ԱλشۣΪ⣬Ȼʣ˹ܰɣʶһ½緲ˣ
˹
һλݣˮ档
𳬼طִ񣬼ûʸȥʣͨʽȥ˽⣬´ִͨߣǲա
֪ԷݣҶȻǺ𾪣ţ˹ֳۣȻ֪ħڣħ𵱳ɵۣȴɵ۸߽ףôܣ߾һǿĴ˹ʶ
˹૵ħҲֻǴһλѡǴżȻģ߾粻֪֮˻֪Ǿǻ̫ʼ
̫ʼ
߾󳬼ۣһƺ̫ʼһɵۡһ
̫ʼȻǻ̫ʼƾǱ̫ʼѹ½磬ֻǳûи˵̫ʼѶϢֻ֪̫ʼӵֻݡֻ֮Īϵ
ȻĪҶȣ
ħֵܣ̫ʼǳħǿУȻӴ˹Уħ̫ʼڡ
̫ʼ
˹Աλشۣڵ̫ʼȷʮֹ죬ƺӵһ
ϼϹͥǿߣȻԻ̫ʼ˽⣬ںһͬѰΪֻ֮ţڴ˻ʳװСˣҳֵܣУ˵ɵ֮ʱɱħͷСԪеħʿͬǳħ𣡡˹Ҳмλسһһ˵
ϼ𡭡ϹͥǿߣϹͥˣȻҲ
Ӵ˹һУȫԱ𳬼ۣݸ˵Ҷ̫𺳣ƺɤ
Ϲͥ칬ɽƣϿô߾𡢴˻ʳĴ˹Ϲͥϼ𡭡ֻʣ߾Աλݻö֪
Ŀ⽥Ӵ˹ɨһ𳬼ۣڵǿϣһ˿϶ҲǷͬѰ


826 ѳ
˹̫ʼˣǸ޳Сˣ뵱˵ƺϹͥߵ÷ǳǺ֪ΪΣͳΪ칬һӣ
ڴ˹Աλɻ
֣˳Ϲͥٹͥе£̫ʼǳ֣֣
Աλϼ̾ϹͥǸȾס˳ͥ⵽׷ɱ칬£ҡ
ʱ˹ƺ֮УصһλͷԪʵСѣа취뿪ͷ֮磿
а취
Ҷ˲˾񣬵ǶԷһ仰סˣ󳬼ۿɲһˣȥ쳣侲ش𣺡ûͷ֮ܣΪʮף˵ʮףɵʮףҪͷ֮ܣҲе㲻ܣأǲģ
ͷ֮صĺܣû֪ںδյϣǣҲܰ㣬Ϊıߣ˵Ǽϼһ
мλϹͥǿϼ˵
Ǻûᣬ֣ɽʦ治֪ͷ֮ɽһΪڼɽ֮У칬ǿϴɵؼ£һǷʮƷΪͷ֣֮ڼɽĳѹ
ͷ֣֮
ȻһֱΪõĵسۣ΢΢һ
ڼɽ
¿ɺã˹ϼ߾ͳͳǾһƬ֪
ȷصĺܡֲ칬ѹôͷ
֣ȻûڼɽҶ治ţϣҲһ㣬칬г޷ӵеֶΡ
ڼɽҶ˵̫İǴִȡҶȸͲ֪ͷ֮Ǻεȴڣ߾𡢴˹ǶǾۣǶֻ֪˵칬зǳֶΡ
ɽ֮󣬵ɴְ˷̤޽֮أˡ
ΪϵĴڣ߾̾޷ɽľ޴󣬿ܣֻд˵еĴǧͼˣ֪ڼɽ֮أ
뾡취Ԫߣ޷Ӧɽڣҵҵķڳ˯ڼɽСӣк֮
ͻȻʡ
Щͷĵ뿪
˿Щͷͣ򿪻ϻӣĶͷ˳£칬֮ѡڼɽͷ֮磬Ϊڼɽ޼֮أɽ޼ʯ
޼ʯ
ͷò˼顣
ϼԱλأ𳬼ۣʵؽ౦ۣʦ칬Ҫ£㣬ҪΪƷ޼ʯǶ֪
ؽ౦ۣ
ڣ𳬼ǿߣҲˮ棬ǰԵƣ౦ۣǿ϶ɽ̣󳬼ۣǸͨ
иɴ۹ϵ߾ҲصĴ˹Ϲۣͥλؽ౦ۣһλľͷ
ڡͨӷɵУҶȣ֪ʲôɽ硭ֶָԻҵ̨
̼䣬Ҷһ޸Уǰɽ̫嫣翣Ǿͷ֮磬ҶȸоɽʵԿøԶ
ǿߡؽ౦ۡΪ䣺޼ʯɽһʯ޼ʯǸκһּûر̺Ϊ޼֮˿ʹã޼֮ƺսκò޼ʯ첻ٷɽʡ
һô˵ǻ޷Ը޼ʯܲ˱Ԫ־޷취ӹȥɣ
˹̾һ𳬼ۣȻ¸߹ͷ­ôꡭЩϹŶӦѧȥţΪԼȥ޽֮أҵĴ˻ʳվ
˹˼ұʱ򡭡
ؽ౦ͻȻ˹һֱĮ·κ¶⣬ԣ˹ϵ˻ʳѱ칬ݻ٣ʧ˻ʳǷ֮֡أͳΪ޽֮ذ˷ǿߣĵ̣
𣿡
˹ƺϵǾ޷ȥܡţѡ߳ޣʵ磬󣬺ò׽Ļʳˣ˭Ըžš
޽֮ء˹Ȼ޽֮أһ۹˻ʳ˼飬޽֮޷ʵĻ֮أΪ˶ܶʣ˴ڡ
໨ŴۡǰЩǿߡȻ޽֮ݺľ֣
ǻ̫ʼȻͶ칬һ˹һĸ߶ȴڡ޽֮أɽĺþ޴󣡡
ʵ޷ţ˹Ȼָ߶ȵĴڣ޽֮ʲôطأ˹Ȼܽʳ϶ǳ֮Уǿߡ
֣ĸ־ǰֶۡ桢ɽ۶ʵ޽֮أһֲ۹
ǰ󳬼ۣڵĸ߶ȣҶͻȻ̫ˣ
ڲʮף޷Ϊ磬ɵۣѾȫ
ǵʱѾȥҴ˹ݺ޽֮ض꣬ȻɴۣҲǵһ޽֮أ۹Ĵڡ
˹·˻ơɣࡣ
Ҷȸͬܣʥ̻⣬Ҳʹϧѣ飬ԪַλǰʵⲻڼɽǼΪͷֵ֮Ҿãڿڼɽóͷ֮糹׸˵䲻ģҪ칬Ҫͷ֮磬ûӵóȥˣû֪Ǳ衢
ؽ౦ڴˣ㻹֪Сӣؽ౦ɽһʦʮƷҲƹɽٷؽ౦֣֮ϼͻȻЦ
ؽ౦ǰ
Ҷ̿߾Աλˡ
Ҷˡֻû뵽ͷ֮ѹǳͷ֣֮ʦһλƶɣ׼ʮƷΪղû뵽Ȼͷ֮磡
ؽ౦˵ˣ˶Сӣͷ֮ģҪܿͷ֮磬߶ڼɽҵԴƻԴƽ⣬ڼɽܶͨӡʧʱڼɽ޷ǣȥȻ£
֪аգЦһ
λ̫磬һ룬ܴ߶ͷ֣֮ѹͷ֮磬Դжôֲ֮У˴˹߾ǰпƻ˶޷ȥСӲʮףȻʵﵽɵۣƻԴǻۣǲеģؼҪʵңԶ޷㣬һжֻܿԼ
ؽ౦۾Ӹ£˫ͫͬȼգ·һϢڲƣһѹҡҡͷˣˣСӣǲִľ㻹ԼִӳȥɣǸţҪɱڴˣţ


827 ػ
ţ
غƵȻҶԪ󱬷
ɲǼ䣬۵ǻǣڷڣһΣֶܵްݡ
ؽ౦ٴ糤㶣һԪƣҶȴͷ֮ӵ飬ʮ˵ϻأʮЩڵǿأҰѲֶ㣬ҪȥԿͷ֣̫֮ʵʵ޷ͷ֮Դ룡
лؽ౦ǰҲл߾ǰ˹ǰǰϼǰǣ
ؽ౦۴ݶķḻ֪ʶֵõ𳬼󣬵ڴƻѾɵ߰˰ˣ·ǿ߲ܰҶȣһֻܿҶȥƽѹء
ۣһȻɵָ߶ȣȴҲɽеǿ˶٣Ĵڡ
һ󱦿⣬ӵɽսԴ
뿪ҶһֱڼУ
ͷ֮硭»ʬǰ϶֪һܣǰѾ˵ٸʲôһϣҿԼƽ֡
ߵ֮УҶһˣһ֪ͷ֮磬֪칬ԼɽĴڣʬˡ
ͷܿ챻ʬ̫ԶԷѾһæʮףִѪǶҶȵĹඥѣȥʵ˵ȥ
ҶҲƤȥҾͷͷ֮磬澳Ҫ澳ĥԼͷ֮ڣ
û壬ھ޵ģ
Ҷȥأռǡ´ˡ붾أκҹʣĿŵּΪͻʮףҶҪӿֲ
Һöʱʱ̿𣬴ڷֳҶػгǧĥɵۣЩɵֻۣļֵɵ۵ϣŵˣ
ҶȾļߡ
ãҶȥФϴ󣬻ȡѪɵٴ׳󣬵ҶȽʮףȥ̫̫ҶҲûȥȡ
ʱ䲻ȥϵԽãƻ״ݳȥһ칬ִ֪ƻˡ
ص칬Ҷȿʼչأ´˴ڲϹʵǴǶ̣ʵõ֤
Լȥ
ˣ
ҶȻۣһĪ⣬ɳ칬ռ䣬ͼִһշ
ֵܣ鲻ð죬治ô㣬ֻŪ˸㿴ҪҪִҶǰһˮ
˷ĽСܻ飿
񣬻ǴҶֻҪӵеȫȻִ֪ǹѹĿģΪϣեȡ
ǴƣӴȥ֮һЩأܶҪʲôģʱңˣϲΪǽѣ
ִ˵Ц䣬׺Ͳѣת뿪ʱȴһмƺ˵ҶȣҪҲգ˲ͷˡ
칬úõŰɣ
ҶȲмС˼ƽϣգ۾ʹ߶ƣͷ֮磬Ȼ󲿷ֵͼǰ
֪һˡ
ǳͷ֮һ֣˷иֿռ䣬飬칬ֲҲиӸ߼ִߴڣһЩֵֹĶҶȸ˵ǣڵͼϷһظ߶ȣƺһصĿռ䡣
֮ͷ֮ʮأǿռ䣬ûƣ޷֪Щڡ
칬ִԾ粻ͬλȻִͬͨ߼ִҲ֮𣬲ֹͬ칬һǳйԡƶȵľͷ
쿪ʼҾôݣһܵȥѰңһᷢ˿
ͷ֮󲿷ֵͼسǰݵͼѰҳͷ֮ͷֵ֮ܣֻʱ⣬ȻʱҶϧı
뿪칬֮ߵߵһû·ľͷóƴ߶ǰ̽ǽһţҶȽţϢȫ칬
Ҳ˵ֻ칬ִ߲ܽ룬Ŵ򿪣ûͬҲ޷ġ
ִߡ
֮󣬾һȣֱ߻Ťʱʱִ֣߳ڲͬ䡣
Ҷһһһͨ˵Ķռ䣬һִߣæʲô
ŽȣҶȾͼһЩķ䣬еִߣ棬еѡ̾УһЩķ䣬вִߣѡķӦöǴӷȡı
и޴Ŀռ䣬ЩռͲˣȻвֳͷ֮󷨴ڣִ޲󷨣󷨣еĿռ䣬ڣԭһЩִߣڴ̾ߡ
һ죬ҶȻδͼ֮һò뿪
ҶȾͱӽΪĿռԽ࣬ǿ߾Խ࣬еľȻǳΪȻرˣ칬ʮʮ֮һһͷɱҶȡ
Щ֮УһЩߣпܷҶȶߡ
㻨һ£ҶȲżѵͼȥĵط˸飬Ǹƿسͷ֮磬ûش֡
ط֣Ȼһ˿ȻϢһЩִ֮߳󣬾ͻһ˿ɽϢʲôܣ
ʱҶһߵУûжٷ䣬ִҲ٣һֻһִ߳룬ҪȥģǾͷһؿռ䣬ҲǿòִߣԸܵɽϢĵط
ͷ֮Ϊ޼֮أжκɽǰռȻͷȻϢôһ˻ʲôʣڹͨɽ硣
Ҷ˲ʮأĿռ䣬֮Եûеһʱ䷢֣Ϊռ䲻ǽأһûƣκִ߶ԽĿռ䣬ֺ֣һռˣҲˡ
ȻɽȻϢǿңһ˷ѽ⡭
ҶȽһռ䣬ţһ칬ҶȽţǰһܴ󣬺ܿտĻҰɫռ䡣

һŷͤ£һŪײ
ҶϸһǻǸʮ߰ꡢݡҵˣȻ£ֱһЩؽʣȻָһץһ££ͳһ칬Ķ
ͷϡ裬Ǻɫģȴˣͷǵ˲٣ƺûҶȵŪ칬ʡ
޼칬İɣ
ͻȻ˵ˣȻԴ˻ơ
ǵģ
Ա¶ҶȲԷʲôˣûд칬ۣһϻ£һ칬ִߣҶ֪Լ´ˣִߣǹϵˡ
ʡĪ޼ʯ
δˣҶȺȻǸ̨ϣڷһɫʯͷסˣԺӿؽ౦µԪƣպһֿǺɫʯͷϢһģһ
ȫûϢ
ɽ֮󣬼ֻһֿһʣӵϢǾ޼ʯشʡ


828 Ǭ
޼ʯ
ҶȲĿ޼ʯڻˣ޷ҶȣӻϸоǿϢǸͨڣ޼ʯǹغͷ֮ĴڣȻû˿ģһִﵽռ״̬ƺԽƷʯʮ⣬޷նѣ
ˡ
˶ռ䣬ֻһЩ޼ʯһƽĻˣ޼ʯͬСˣ£޼ʯͻΪһ칬һ޼ʯɵ칬
ڣͨͨȴ޼ʯңһ޼칬͸һҶûĸо
˲򵥣ҶԺͻȻһ룡
ʼҲûͷһ£һֱڴһ޼ʯҶȾһʱ˺ȻתҶȡ
һʮͨģмֵȻ飬û飬ֻһ޺۶
һҶû뵽˾Ȼ
һ칬Ҷһӣͷ˳ȥ˵֣ţ
£йӴ
֪ôһ£Ҷȸоǰͨˣ򵥣Ĳ򵥣ʲôҲ˵˲طֲִߣûΪڿ˲Ƿ칬Ĵڡ
ԣҶȫڱֻһӴ
ҪסƮ޼칬ãҶҲ뿴޼칬ʲô֮»
ã
Ҷ׼õ޼칬չơ
顫
ۿ޼칬ϷҶָһץʱո޼칬һɸȻҶָ飡
ಣ
޼칬գת
Ŷ
˻վתҶȼߣеúͨĺ۶ƽ䣬ӺȻһ
á
ҶȺȻסһֻһ֮ӣ߶ȫ̫һ·ʱ֮ȫᡣ
Ԫ
˲䣬Ҷѡǰ֣֪ԷѾӦһִ߲ͬɱˣһִߣ˿ϢᣬҶγͷ֮ƻ˶ܡ
ܣҶᶨʩչԪ˲Ϣ֮䣬һһ룬֮ƣҪüġ
Ѹ͡ͻȻҶͻʮףͷ֮һɳõĿֲʵ
ٿ
ȫһɵסףʵͨͻȻɵ۰˽סŽ׶޷ӦңҶΪ˷Ӧʱ䣬ɱС
һ̣Ҷͫ׷ŴʩչԪĽȻڴüǰȻֹܵһȻų⣬ײǴӻϣͷŵһɺȻϢȻų
ҶȻ֮
û뵽ͷ֮磬ȻһĵѡȻûб飬˵һ߽ʬˣû
ùֶΣ򵥣󣡡
ôһУһ棬ҶȾ𺳵ؼɽ֮󣬹ȻֻԼӵгֶΣǰˣȻҲӵоңҶڶ޷͸˵ʲôڡ
Կ϶˱Ҫ
ͬΪȻ֮ߣҾͲɱ㣬ǣҶҲСӣһӶסң
ͻȻǺڶ۶۶һа󣬻ֻһ֡
ߣ
ҶȺСģ֪ԷҪ֣ȫܣ
ͣ
һͬ޼ʯɫͬȻŻ˻֣ʹҶܣͷǿʱȻǴҶţһ̴ȥ
֮ʧؿռ䣬δֹ
ડ
һѪ˵档
Ҷһס˿ڣȻ̧ͷʯĻˣҶȾѣԭԷǿĸ߶ȣѾܿ͸ģҺûɱ֣ҶһУûˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҶȸоԼػƿһ
ʱ䡢ռȻų
ʱͻȻЦˣƽˣ򵥵ˣ㲻칬ִߣҽһ£ǬĳΪò

Ҷһֵּȴ£Ը޳ֲҶһ翣ȫ޷ˣֻʵʵһǬǰǰ
ͶˣģûҪС뷨Ҳ࣬ˣ
ˡǬ˵ͼ£Ȼһ֣һʯʣҶԱߣʾҶ£۶ָƽҲһ˿ԪɵȻһ𣿡
Ԫ
˾ȻԪˣҶ캧ˣȻһϹˣͬϼϹˣǬӦҲϹͥˡ
Ҷѹסһشˣɵ磬֮ϣʦǡһȻܣ
Ŷ̺һޣҲ޷˲䣬Ӧ״̬ʦǷǳĴڣ֮õ򵥣򵥣ǬƺȫҶⷬ
ʲôʦҶίߣڿǿöԷɵסҪ
Ҷȿʼ¶𾴣˵ʦʱ̾ϢܾһμԪˣѾˣȻ֮ĵѣˣʦһܳΪѣ
л棬Ȼ
ƺǬҶⷬûʲô飬ȻĮĿڣҾ͸о֮Уδ칬ĴϢǶǱͷ֮ɣңʲôĿģ
˵ֱӡ
˿칬ˡ
΢΢һҶȼæǰ칬Ϊ˷ָ¶ټˣִУʦҲ칬ˣ͹ܷǱͷ֮磬з߾ȳȥˣ칬
㵹ǸͽǬ΢΢ס
գŶһִߣҵڼɽͷ֮ܣץסƻΪײǰ֪֪ǰǲϹͥǰ
ûҶҪ֪Ǭݣ
ϹͥǺǣ԰ҵϹŵˣʲôϹͥû˿ϵ˸Ӵţ
Ǭƺ֪ҶȾʲôΪصĵǼѺڽ֮УϸԪϹǿߣҵǺܺϹͥʵ칬
ǰԭϹͥˡʵ޷ǰǺηʥǰִܣѵ칬ˣ
Ҷ𾴡̽ʵӽɫŲһжԣ뽹Ҳ׷ӿ֡
Ϊ칬£ѵ칬ˣ
ˣǬЦһȫ߾𡢴˹ΪǷϣޣȫ˲²͸˼
ͣһᣬҷǵ칬ˣҡҲͬЩһһط


829 뻢ıʳ
ʲôǰҲط
Ҷȼ𺳣̲סվ
ȻǬ̹Ӧ
޷ţҶҡҡͷ⡭⣬ǰ㲻Ϊ칬𣿸ղţǰƺͨ޼ʯ칬
ѵΪ£һС֮һ֮ѣǻۣǱͷ֮磬ѵ𣿡
ѵ
ҶһɨЩ޼ʯ޼칬ֿǬͻȻվǰĪ޼ʯ칬ڼɽõľ޼ʯǰ޼ʯȻץѹˣΪ
Ȼû㣡
ǬΪҶֽкá
ǰҲ޼ʯɽ֮Уںϣû뵽ǰȻʹֲã
ʱ˿̣ǬҶǰף߸ϣͨ򷨣ܡ
Ǭϻӽ򿪣ҲϹ֮ˣΪ޼ʯھԪ컯֮󣬽Ҵȴû뵽û뵽칬ǿߣ׷ɱһʵڲ칬֣ͱѹͷ֮磬ҹҹΪǴ޼޼칬һ֡
һµıš
ǰ
ҶͻȻϥ£Ѫȭ˵ڼɽͷ֣֮һ˽⣬ϣǰһ֮ܰ뿪ƻͷ֮磬칬񣬳ªĿڣ
⼸ܡ
ϹǿߣϼһĴڣϹˣҡҡͷ֣ѹ޳ͷ֮գʲô
ǰǰѾӦһ֮ǰӵ޼ʯʵǿֶԳͷ֮˽⣬ǰһ԰ǰȡһѣѵԶΪ칬Ч
Ҷٴϵ
ǴӦˣȷй֮ҪҰҲԣֻҪľжƻңһ˿գҶ᲻˺ȫ㣡֪Ҷϴʲô֮ǬڴӦˡ
Ҷվƻƻ֧ͷ֮Դûͷ֮־޷߶κ󷨶ʧȥЧʵһصıܶƻ
ֱ
£Ǭ侲˵ҪĿģҵͷ֮Դ֮أȻˣ
ԣҶȵͷӦ
ǬͻȻһЦԴ֮ҵȻ֪Ϊ칬ǿߣԴ֮أһ޼̳ػСӣײңҶˣ
ǰз߾ǣǰʲôѣһ֮أҶĵ
Ҷ֮£ǬĮҡҡͷһ̾ɭϵ˵Ҳûаյ£ҪΪԼҪΪ˸ûа֮£ǲģ㻹Ҫĵóҿ
⡭
ҶԥˣӦǬϢڸӺ䣬Ҷȵͷ˼ڷ˼⣺Ǭˣ޷͸һˡϹͥˣֿ칬ˣ޼ʯӵһ̫̫Σգ
ͻȻҶȸоҲ壬ľ
òȻ˵ˮ©̫£һʲôҳ˺
ǣؼʱǲʯʯó϶ҡؼ֪ҵݣ֪¡ûлͷڸû·ֻ֪лҪƫɽУ
Ҷ̰֮ˣȻߵһֻԼԼĵģɹͶȡɣҲΨΨŵŵҶҪһ˲ѡ·
һ̣ҶѾ¶˾ģʶԪԪ񼸺ںϵ񣺡ʦΰҶһʧһҵ񼣡
СӣĪһֱƭңһζ֣ͲҲ࣬࣡
Ǭŭˡ
ǰӡƬռ䣡
һҶŵüæ˫һϣһķӡӽɳȻͨӡ˫֮䣬һֳ
Ǭ۶һͷһҶ޷ͨռ䣬ƺ˲ֹ
ʯʯһķӡ£ƯҶ˫֮䣬ʯʯѱӡȴڷӡϵɷȥӡҪݻ١
Ǭվˣŷӡһͷˮʲô⣿
ҶȾŷӡսսĵһż֮еõͬЩطģ֪ʲô⣬ͽҿģ˼λֵܣ˲ͰѼλֵܣøɸɾǰţǰԣǰͨԼʱЩģ
Ŷ
ǬƺĲ£
ʯ⣬ʵԣκʣɣҾͲţǬѹңҵ̫һûз֮ãҶǬʵ
⣡
Ǭ̲סˣһɾ޴ѹڼŷ֮ϣ߶ͽҿʮŷģ¶һ϶
ಡ
̼䣬ѷһɿֲʼ羨Ϻ֮ƣʼǬ˶ȥ
ӡ
ͻ仯ŵǬæץסģ̷ӡѷ죬ʱͷųҪʱӡǺɫȻҲʯʯա
޼ʯϢ
һԣŵɪɪҶȣȴЦ˻ȻܳѹʯʯѵˣֻصǬȻһƭ˵ģǷʤȻд󲿷ֶ޼ʯϢһĿ޼ʯֲã칬Ҫѹȷ칬ˣ
ô˲䣬Ҷȵõ̫Ҫܡ

ڣǬԼǿ˷һЩʱ÷ķӡʯʯѣȻӡɽ󣬱׻ظҶȣСӵˣ⣬ʵǸҲ֪ʲôطġСӣǴŲɹʵ뷨İɣ뵽ƻͷ֮ƽ⣬ǳͷֶ֮޷ѹҿͷ֮ʮλ۾ͷ߶ͷ֣֮޷ֹ⣡
ǰǰԷİ˰ɣ
Ҷȼæպ÷ӡһվֱֱģ·һˣǬ־˵Ҳз
ڰԼ
Ǭ˿ֱ涣ĿһģȻҪжҪɹȥϢҪ׼һ£ΪҪȥͷ֮룬Ҫ޼ʯȥиǷ֣ңһǵ֮صģԣϷҪһж
ǰ֣һɹȥ׼
Ҷ˷ܵתȥ
û뵽û뵽ѹô꣬Ѫһû뵽ôһСӡŰɣûҵһУһǧټƣҪ㣬ȡ칬
Ǭ̾ץһ޼칬飬ЩȻǬֱӻһĴʧȥ˲ΪһƬɳ


830 ɵ
ȫšһ㶼ţ
뿪ռ䣬ߵ֮ϣҶȿʼ߶̫һִѪ֮УȡѪָơ
ǬһУѾҶȣǬʱҪҶȵ˴ࡣ

ָ֮䣬߶Ѫӵ˿ڣ£ǰ㾪˻ָ˿ڣѪȻܵ˿ڴЩ赲ָʮֻ
ЩǬģ
ܲ׽ǬϢҾͲţܳԽ̫һ
ҶһţһעķȻҪָ˿ڣһ˷֣鷳ˡ
̫һ˲˿ڴһǬµĹѪ֮ʼӿ˿ڣǿʼѪ⣬ƶϸ˿ڴʼ顣
Ȼ޼ʯϢأأȻд󲿷ֶ޼ʯϢͬǬʲôˣȻ޼ʯֲãҲӵһռ֮γһӵϢڼɽǬȷʲô֪ܶ
ҾͲţ㻹ֵ̫ܵһ
Ͽʼ߶̫һ޼֮ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ͸о޼֮ų⣬ңȻһͬɵҪ̫һϧ̫һ£޼֮ɻȻȻ٣˲ɵøɸɾ
Ҷȸо̫һ֮УֶһųϢʱ԰̫һ֮еĲͬ
޼֮ξɹ⻹Ҫ٣ξΪﵽۣɹҲͬѰǬǸˣǸΣ˱ĿֶΣ
ʱ˿ҲϣشӰ죬Ҫչвܳ׻ָ
Ҷ뿪ߵ߶ƣص칬֮У
˲俪ʼɵ칬ڲۺ
칬֮⣬ȻҲ޼֮칬Լ칬ƵǬ룬û޷޼ʯõ˴죬ϧгͷ֮ƿڼɽ龻ҲܵӰ죬ȻԴ߶龻֣γͷ֮᲻򣡡
칬֮еҶȾ͸Ӧ칬Ȼ̺һųϢУ޼֮
ͷ֮޼ʯɵĸԭҶڿԴ߶̫һ޼ʯǣͷ֮ȫͷ֮ƿأҶҪ޼ʯҪ߶ͷ֮֡
ɴ˿ɼͷ֮ؼڳͷ֣֮ȻҶȣͨߣ޼ʯǿǡ
μƻڵһζ칬ҾͲù˼ʲôͷʯʯѣѳͷ֮øɸɾ᲻ͣ칬ǺܰԵɽӸǣֻҪ÷߶ȥƻʹˣ
澳֮ͻʮףĥģ־ʵֵõһѪһ֣Ҷ֪һγͷ֮磬˵ǳ״ա
ǬһУشҵƻɢ˱Ҫ
֪͹ȥˡ
Ҷۣڣȫ⣬ʵҲָֻ˼꣬߶ɵ칬ע뾫Ѫһͬɵ
ȻҶ뿪칬
ڲ
Фϴ󣬻λЩɵķȥǣȻҲҪˣʲôֶΣҷѾ˼Ҫ뿪˸Ҹһ֪
һ֮С
Ҷ룬ǰһϴ󣬼׵˽׵ɵۣФϴҲУҶȴʱһɭȻФϴ󣺡ЩϴҪȥһֻ֪ϴͿԣ
磬ģФϴаɭɭЦȻͬߣ˲ڲϴ
ܿҶȾ
մ磬λֵͥܣ鷢չȻ˳ǡһһ̣ʱᶯ֣ڹңҪЩɵͥλֵܣôӱ׷ɱʱһݱ
ۼʮͥһһߵȴҶȡ
ҶȹȻȻûʧڣͷһηӡʮǿߣЩɶɵ׵ʮ׵ǿߣңȫͥĳԱ
ƣҶû취ȥÿˣֻͥΪأз֮УʵֻͥǹȻ칬󲿷ַߣǶΪԭ򣬲
ãͥ칬Ʋֵܣ㣬ûгɹҲм㣬һϣ
һͥҶ˵
ֵͥܣҲҵֵܣͥ칬統ˣףǶһƷ칬Խ֪ʱʼ֪ܲܳɹܳɹɽɣ
ͻʮף־ĥѣҶѾһ֮ǰǸҶȣ˵ϴܣÿŷһ֮ҶȾ뿪

Сѣˣ
˵ҪôѴҪôѾаգֶοʼж
ϵҶȽһʹݶ
߾ǰؽ౦ǰϼǰǰǰʹаգƻͷ֮磬λǰֻҪһץסʱ䣬ݻЩƣ뿪
ɵȻף٣ܰλǰָʵҲϣλǰɵۣ
Ҷֱͷŷӡȷûִע֮ʣӡ״̬£󳬼ۡ
ಣ
𳬼ۣһһҶݴ
Ϊֲ߾𣬴һԪСӣȻڳͷ֮磬ۼ˷ḻ˽طĴǻۣ
ȷǴǻۣϼҲ߾𣬿˿Ķ
ȻģȴҪСĳͷ֣֮ҵͬΪĴڿƣ
ؽ౦۶
ˣλǰ֪֪֪һΪǬǿߣ
Ҷһһܵ۾ͷҶȴʱһ鷳Ǭæϼ𣺡ǬԳϹˣ
û
ûӡ󣡡
ͬʱ󳬼֣һһش
ϹˣСֵܣȻͷϹ֮ͥǿĴڣǴ󲿷Ƕʶ˵Ǭûһ˿䣡ҡҡͷ²ɣš

Ҷȶʱüͷһ壬ǰͷƭҶȿܣһйթۿ϶ֱԲ䣬ǬȣҶѡͷ
ҶȾһˮֶ޷ֻ֪˵ǬӲ򵥣ƽ
ҶȰźһУ뿪
칬
֪Ǭʲôʱ֪ͨңʱ䣬ȡͨø׼
ͷ֮һмƻɰܣʱ̲ٽҶȰѸֿܡⶼǰԤϵһһ׼Σ


831 ͷ֮ĵ
УͻȻһųϢ칬֮޼͸һӰ
Ǭ
ͨڳͷ֮ȥ磬ܴԽǽһؿռƣңֱں칬ռ֮С
ǰ
޼̫֮⣬֮Ҫų⣬𿪣һƬ޼֮ûĿռ䣬ÿֻҪܿռ仯ҶȾ֪ǬˣûаԼͨչֳǬϿ̧ͷһ㵣ʩ
ǬֻһӰ壬ͣգ˻ƣ׼ãھϢȥռ䣡
ǣǰ
Ҷ˲
Ǭ΢ϢȻҶȣֱӷҶʩչͨϢȻ֮ӵжƣȻںϣǬָֻҪ¶˷֡
칬ͼ޼ʯɵ칬ǽڣ̲ѣųκʱǬֻһư棬Ȼ৵һһţץסᣬҶȾͷ˳ȥ
칬ָ
޼ʵĵطǬĺ԰ȥ磬治򵥣ʵûбѹ١뾡취뿪ͷ֮磬̫򵥣
һȣһˣҶǬžĬĬԷϢһϤİȣûκ칬ִߡ
ҰȲѰţҶȾԽǬ򵥣˹Գͷָ֮ƣûҶԼҪҵռ䣬֪Ҫȶ꣬ԭ򣬾Ҷʵ̫
󳬼ǿ˵÷ǳԣҶӵдǻۡ³ȡǱǣ̫СΪ̫̫ͣͣ˵ɵҲѼƻǳ۲пܡ
ֽҶȴδﵽĿռ䣬Щռ䣬ƣҲû˿¼ͼû쵽ȣִߣҲûȨ֪ЩؿռڣҶȵǸܵһɹǿִϢ
Ǭ޼ﵽ뻯ֻҪ޼ʴڣͿ޼ɱϢҶȲϽ
ڿʼͺˣСӣ
ϢȻһռʧǬֶҶȣ۶ûκβ˫ֱһµۣͨȻȫ˿һǿߡ
󳬼۶޷֪ĴڣǬȴ֪󳬼۵Ĵڡ
Ǳʲ
һ𣬾뻢ıƤ֪ҰĲĲû취ûԼҪҵռ䣬֪ҪĶʱ䣬ʱ칬ǿ͸һƻҪ𣡡
ȻǬռ䣬Խ޼ʴĽǽҶȴҶԣǼɵǿߣҪǰ͸Ǭ
öϢǳۣ˼飬ǧ򡭡
Խ֪ٸռ䣬Ҷȼ޷ͷ֮ж󣬹ֲ󳬼ǿ˵Ҷ޷񣬱˵ƻռ䣬ҵռҲΣء
ʱҶǬһƬ¿ռ䣬ռһ޴޼ʯ޼鶼ǣϿգһɹɿµĳ͸û󳬼Ҳǳۡ
ҶЩ£ǸӲݣɵ۰˽סŽסʮǿߣҶҲǶ֣ɵű֣ʮӵɵסʵѲ˼顣
һȣҶȸǳ۶֣뻹̫ңԶ
ռ֮£ž΢΢ϿಷХҶȿķʵǰЩ޼Ӧþͷ֮ϵһЩ֮УѾ͸칬
ҵѾжϣ칬ǿͨڿʼʱпܱ֣һֱڰ׼ͷ֮磬һ޼ͨ˳ͨȥܼռ䣬ǿأҪѹ׼ã
Ǭʹڳһ޼Ϣֻһ޼УȻһغɫ޼ͨȻκϢ໥ų⣬һ޼ࡣ
ⷬûƭˣЩ޼ȫ칬ƿأΪ˷ֹǬ칬ֶΣ֪Ǭλѿռ޼ʶôͨӡǬֻҪκζͻᱻ֣
ףǬΪ޷ȥƣǬǿҲһˣζԿ칬˿µռ
ţǬʹͨҶȽ֮ͨڣһʱ䣬ҶȾ͸оֽһճͷ֮࣬޼ܸκ
˾ͻߴͷ
ŲϽ߶ȣҶȾͼղڿռ䣬޴ռײ㣬Ҳǳͷ֮λã϶ˣ޼ͨܿʹԽһֲӡ
Խ֮ҶȾͼһ磡
һȫִߵ磡
ǰ߶˿ռ䣬ÿ׾һռ䣬һλ칬ִУƾʵڿռͨ󷨣ִϢҶ޷ӦĴڣҲ˵ЩϢִߣǳۡ
ǧۣͬռ䣬ÿһռ价ۣͨӡһһ㣬ǰѳͷ֮ǵõˮ©Ӷ޷ɽȥÿһӡѹκɵۡ
Ϊγͷ֮ԭ
ΪЩֲķӡ󷨡ƣһ𳬼ִߣóͷ֮粻Ϊ֪ɽǿϢ䣬֮ɵۣгۣ칬԰Ȩ֮¡
Ǭһԣ˫ֺһɫ˸ͷųڿ޼ͨʮֳ
־ͷ˳ҶڸΪ󳬼ۣǰ㲻ǡ
ǬʵҶУ𳬼ƽƽǳԽ󳬼ۣ츳ռ䶼˳ҶȣɵʵҪռ䣬ûпԡ
Խ
ʮ촩ԽϿգһ޴ռˣǬش߶Ҷѹ޼޼ͨռ㡣
ۡЩۣΪɲ⡭
ڶ߶ȿռ䣬Ҷǰ
һ޴޼͸߿գռ䣬һռ໥ӳ֣ռ޴󣬶ĳִߣΪӿֲһ֪Ǵڶ
һռ䣬ѹͷ֮磬ڶռ䣬󷨡ӡǿʮӳᣬûС
Ҫҵռ䣬ڵռ䣬ڼɽжΣͷ֮֡棬ЩִߣΪǴﵽڵĳۣھֻһ磬ɽ磬Ѿ޵дڣҺãֻʮڿƳͷ֣֮ڴۣƿطӡ
޼ͨѾڶռϲ㣬ռ㣬ԽԽǬɫҲ


832 춯
ڶ磬˿ֲǳۡ磬Ȼڳء
ڣ
Ҳǰ顢Ĳ㾳磬ÿһ绹ֳڡԲʲô߾磬һڣֻһ֮ңһǿߡ
СӣҶû·Ѳܣֻܳȥֻܴ򿪵ܽ룬гͷ֮۷ӡԽ򱶣һڻᣬͿԼȥȡ
Ͽռ䣬ǬͲһأ¶ȫ޼Ϣƺ޼壬޼֮
ʱ˿̣κıƣҪҶȾҪԷҲûа취ֻܺǰлһ˷ѻᣡ
ǬͷĹϢرϣúȻϢȫƶ£㻹лᣬ򣡡
ֻܳɹ
翵ռ䣬Ҷȹ
ϡԼڵռ䣬޼γһ̣һž޴о
ռ֮ϣܿһ޴Բڿռ価ͷ΢΢תͷŲ˼⡣
ͷ֣֮
ڼˣ
һ̣Ҷ˫ȭ߬¶ģϧͷ֮磬ΪľԽٳԽɾǿ֮ģϣҶѾûֻ
칬ʵֲ̫ˣֲͥ궼δƷҲһɴ۶ˣǶǳеľ߾ؽ౦ۡ˹Щǿߣһһѹлʬǰ
칬һϦһ칬޽֮أϰұ̤볬ۣվ칬ĸ߶ȣ
صĳͷ֣֮ʮڳۣԼͨҶȸо칬̫ǿ̫ء
֪ҶҲҪ칬Ʒɽްԣ
ǿ֮ģ
Сӣڳͷ֮ΪõģҲΪɵһطҰܴ쵽һᱻǿ߷ѹ߶סǵĿܣץסɣ
ڣڶռ۷壬һˣǬļڷһӣڳҶǰӿһҶȡ
лǰ
Ҷ֪ɹܾʹ࣬Ǭʵʵڲ˼飬һ֮ռ䣬һˣǿ߽֣ʵֶΡ
ĿģеĿģûƻлųȥ㸶ҲΪ룡
һֲûҶȶСġ
þ޴򡭡
սҶ̧ͷһͨڣҶȾͼˣ޼һ޴ռ䣬򣬾󳬼ۡǬԼʬ˶֮һ
ɼô꣬칬նȺǿߣ
ҶڵȴǬȫռ䣬ҶΪͻᱻ֣ҶȺȻգǰǳͷ֣֮ȻǿҵԡɵϢѵһԽʮƷİ
Ǭ˵Ҳ߰ɣΪЩǿߣΪαѹͷ֣֮Ѿ칬ΪһԶԿ󣬶ԿĴڣѹͷ֮磬Ȼѹ𣬶ͷ֣֮ϾҪΪ
һǱȴҪǿʺʹã
칬Ҷһʶ칬ĿֲֶΡ
ɹڴһ٣ȫ߶򣬻ᣬʱܲܰգͿ־ģǷ̲޷㣡
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǭɫ԰ףⲻװģ˫ۿֲɫһݣҶȾڣǬѸ͵ƳԳ۵Ŀֲ
ಣ
Ҷƶǻռ䣡
ǬҪҪɱңô֮ʯʯѣҪնپն٣ǻƬɽ磬Ҳûʲô
ץסǬķץסʯʯѣϷԽԽۿҪˡ
ãַ
㡢ڶ㡢һռսһϵϿǳͷ֮ڲݶ
ˣ
ҶȺͣ
޼֮ǬȻǲģӷȻǿ󣬵ͱѹ𣡡
Ҷǰռ䣬ȻγɾԵķһִӰ֣ŻΪĳۣھǿߣҶȾһץ
ƣ
ҶһӣǬķķٿһֶǰ߷ȥ
¡
칬һץΪѰΧҶȵǿ޼֮ץ÷飬޼ǰֱӻΪһ޼ҫһ칬ߺ÷飬ţײںǿֲķ
칬ǽǬ£Դݿƣ˲ͱըˡ
ɶǬû뵽ʵȻָ˳̶ȣλֵܣ̫ˣ
ߣըķ飬ȻûԪڳͷ֮գȻӿ쳹ÿһռ䡣
ţһǿĴڣͿʼ֣߶ռ
һ̣ͷ֮磬ڼɽ𶯣
ʼˣ
ڿʼˣ׼
Ϊ
޾Ԩͷ֮ڵʱգһǿ
칭Ԫ
ڱըķǽͻȻһǱӰҶȣѪȻһһͨɵ칭ԼȻվ칭֮УʯʯѣʩչԪ

ҶȾһ֧ʥǹ״칭߶£ҶʵҶƶʯʯѷ򣬶һǿƺӦһͿʼӳͷ֮Ϸ
ϧѾˣ
Ҷȫһ£Ѿ⿪ʯʯѣԪʯʯϹһľ˷һ̣һˣҶȰʯʯ֮С

ʯʯû̫һѹӡǶħ̰ڰװ׸ʳռͿʼ𶯣ͳͳʯӿһռƽͳ״ˡ
ɣͳͳ⣬
Ҷվʯʯǰһ̣ģ´ģΪ˴ͷصʯʯѣҪҶ룬Ҷ̫һ޷յġ
ʯʯΪģͷ֮֡ƽȫƣʯѾͳΪһУΪġ

ͻȻһۣ֮һ칬ĳۣ֪ӺηҶȺ󷽣ͷŭҶȣɱΪ档
ã
ۣ
޷Ӧڣһֳƾں۾ʹߣҶĶ˰ء


833 㲻ɱ

𳬼ִߣ֮󣬿ֲɱҪҶ䣬ƺʶ
¿ɺá
ҶȽסˣԷֲɱ⣬ͬѹȶҪƺˮ޳Ҷȳհû
ҪɱҾɱңҾ͵칬칬б¾ȡСɣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾˣǰҶȣڣۣǿ߽桢۵ĴڣǰֲִߣҶһָ֣ƽХһ
ҪΪǬСӣúѿ𣡡
˲䣬۶ˣ
˾Ǵ޷ƣַͷ֮ںϣһȭҶüĺ
һǳɣûκμϡ
ಣ
ȭͷ̣ҶȾ͸оҪսᣬȴûзɵһ࣬Ѹһץʯʯ򣬴ռһҶһʱǡõ赲Ҷǰ
⣬СӣΪССܴҪĽѹ
۲ûסȭͷҶͨʯʯλλʯѾȭͷǰĿնɱҶȣѹʯʯѣָƽ⡣
ĽȴҶ볬۶𺳲ѡ

ۿµȭͷʮƷ¶ձɣκɵۣһȭͿԺϡãһȭʯʯϣʯѾȻ˿෴۱Ƶġ
ó۸Ӳ˼һĻˣ
ʯʯƺܵвӿٶȣһʱ䣬ռ䶼ڼʧʯ룬ʯ֮ϣƺּѷ죬ѷͷųͣպðѳҲһͬ
۾ˮеſֲʯʯΪģɼӿȥ
ʯʯѹȻ
һ𳬼۶ûа취ѹҶ¿ɾʹЦʯʯոͷ֮һзӡͻᶯʧ
۹Ȼһˣ֮Уþ޴סΣ֪һ޷ѹʯѣȻʼٻ೬ۣλҪˣѹֲ⣡
ûʧ
Ҷüͷһ壬һ𳬼۾˿ֲҪǸ೬˵ܷӡʯʯѡ
ȫΪʯʯɣҶʯѱԼ֮ʱ·޼γɵϿա
ǬǬ
߿ڵһεѪ
һ𳬼ۣűһֱɫֱ֣Ӵץ࣬˫ִ£ĵضźˣǬ
ҪлͷţҾ͸ļһǬɱһ𳬼ֳۣΪںڡ
𳬼ˣ˻ӡӲߡҲӲģ
ԭᣬ˵ϻ
䣡
ǬͻȻָһץһ޼ֱ֮ӳ˲Ϊըһը֧飬Ԫȫʧ
ҵ
ȡұ
ѹͷ֮Ԫ
Ǭ˲ɱһ𳬼ۣȫû˿ݣ·ɱһ𳬼۶˵΢һǰ룬ÿһʹŭһ䣬ߵײǷӡҫʱЦˡ
ӡҫϷ𵴣ʼݿʧҫϵķӡҲವɢȥ
̼䣬һ޼ʯĺɫӣڸڹҫ룬ǾֹģŹҫΧӡʧʼԾȻವһǬ֮УͻΪɫҺ壬ڡ
ɶ칬֮ͨѹҵıڼɽΪ㿴ͷ֮磬û뵽ɣǬҲһ죬壬ҺΣ
ǬЪ˹ǱϢΪŭ
ӡƽˣӰ
ɱ칬ִߣ
Ǭõɫӣз̼ˣһһ㣬㲻ѡ
ɲǼ䣬һķߣǳۣȵس𣬷ǾڴĳڣŸķߣϡﻩӿеֱе˸ųȥ˶칬ִ߷ŭȻʱԼȻʼ׷ɱʧ롢ɾִߡ
Ҫִ֪ߵЩ߶ִܵҹҹĥԺִֻߣֻб𣬴ִ߹ѡ
ڳɹˣ
Ť֮УҶվʯʯѺ󷽣ʯɢκʣκѾû˿赲ǼɱĳۣҲƵòϺˣûа취ӽʯʯѡ
ҶϡüͷϸּЦݣͷ֮еķ󷨡ͷ֮ʧȥӦ˲ˣԳͷ֮κѹƣ˲ͲˣҶȵĸӦκͨϢ˲ָҸоɽȻ֮ϴӸ߿չ롣
γͷ֮ƻɹˣ
ͷ棡
칬ﾭӪô꣬ɲǿЦģҶ̧ͷͿİһ𳬼۴߶ˡ

춼ǿֲ棬ʼ񱼡ӣնȥһߣٶ̫ģͱΧһյԪʧΪҽ
һһƬƬ䣬Ҳ̶ã
Ҫ뿪һ֮ǳͷֵ֮Ķ֣ڳͷ֮ƣǹ˲ɱߣû˼Ըʯʯѣ
ͷ֮ʵڿֲǻ棬ֱɱ۵ͨ˵ɵۣʱȥһ칬칬ɱڼɽҶȾһ˫һ֣һ
޼⣡
ͻȻһϤҶŤ磬ˣ
ͣ
Ҷȸոδü˿жͱһںƽľ⣬ȻŤӰ죬Ҷ෽ֱӲ崩ţֱ͸ࡣ
ͣ
̫ͻأҶһ㣬ǰһѪѪպʯʯ֮ϣȻѷ֮С
Ҫҵ塭Ǭ
͵ҡҡͷȫƺ쾵ƣ޷߶̫һΨһģǼʱ߶񣬱ԪȻ󻺻̧ͷǰ
Ǭ̧֣ľ羵棬һ⣬ƽ̴࣬ţΧ𳬼ۣһĻͿʼͨҪԸǬ
ҪСӣΪҿȻһ˿Ӱ죬Ҷ޷ҿѾԽۣϣһоܣպҴ̫ãҪ¿ʼ壬Ŀɣ
ǬƺҪҶԪһݻ٣Ҷˣ
㲻ɱ
Σ֮ʱһϵӳͷ֮ݶ
ǰ
ҶȲԸٴô೬ǰ֣һ֪֮أҪǬУȡԼһС
ʬˣ̫ʱˡ
ȻǬԥˣ
·ԨԴһ˿̾Ϲǿһ磬ߣһӶӲȥôСйϵ
ǬȻǿʶ


834 ݾ
ȿסɢȥǳͷ֮磬ҪȻ޴棬Ǭܲˣ
Ť֮⣬𳬼ۣʱʱ̿취ѹʯʯѣζԸǬ
ǰ
ҶվʯʯǰΧκʯգֻ˿ǲںھ⣬ҲҪʯʯȡܵӰ졣
ϼһʲô
Ҷ֮ʣû뵽ͻȻʬɱȫǬƻƺʮּɵʬˡ
ܵҵиҵĴߣǬԪҶúһǰԪûеڶĴڡ
ʬ˲ɣ˵Ȼʮֳ

Ǭ쳤Ц
ȻǱϹͥϣҪƾõĴڣԪˡֲ˿ֲǿ󣡡
ֶԻ£ҶȸоԽһΪƣһ棬ǳ֪Ǭ󣬲
ϸԪʧԪͻϹ嶼ʧˣеõУԪϸԪ
ǬȻֹϴڣ
ʬ˵沨ɽǨеǿߣֱѹͷ֮ԪѾ֪ɽδɽѾ㡢ʶɽ硭Ǭ㲻ɱ
Ҳɱ
Ǭ˲䣬ǿ֮һ仰Ѵ
ʬ˼ڣȻϢʮֳأ޷͹ѹţǡŲһǿԲס㣬ٴαѹҡҲС㽫Զɽ⣡
ܹ֡
ǳвʬƺ̧һȻǬסҶȣͷ֮磬ӦϵˣǶҵѣΪһСӣ㡭̺Ǳ㿴ûУҵ޼ɵգСȴѹ㲻ãСӲı𣿡
ܶҲ᲻ʬʮֿ϶
ѣҵĵˣ칬˵ʵɹ٣ʵҪǿ󣬶Ԫ֮ʵ䲻㣬Ҳȥִڣ¼һ𣬶Ķ֣ѣһСӣаնԸΪұ԰ȳ
ԪȻ֮ڵѹңͶҵʵָƣᣬҲõСӵһСӣ֪СвΪŹ㣿

Ǭһڷ
Ȼ㲻ҽԳԳô꣬ͷ֮е츳ͨܰסɣ
һֱΪĻʬˣͻȻЦðֱҪǬ֡
ǻʬ˵ǣ
ãããϹСӣҲŹ㣡
Ǭһ֣ںھ⣬ڣ̰شҶȼۣתͷɳ硣
סǬСı޼ǿǰ
Ǭ뿪磬ЩۣͰĿǬϣǬ죬˲۷ڣĳۣ׷ɱȥ
ǬԽãԽͿСӣ뿪ȥɣ֪ҵݺһҪָ
Ҷڱĥʱ뿪ڣ˾ͱһɹϵһŴ죬˳ͷ֮硣
ǰġ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾʹһɽľ޴ɽϿգӳķߣɽ֮ϡ
ͨʮ
ʱųͷ֮ȫķߣڼɽΧһ칬أʱ칬ִΧɱѾдķʬ壬Ưա
պãһ𳬼ۣŽִߣ׷ɱһߣȴǡüһɾ޴ҶȾڵǰ
ѾΪͨϴѾΪҪҪ칬Ҫ׽ôˣǽ´ˣ
ͷۣһˣ۹˲ϳҶݣһ֣ɵۼ칬ִߣͰҶȰΧʵʵ
ҶȻδվȣ壬ʧȥоѾ޷߶ĵزΪ໹ڻָ֮С
βܷŹʩչ칬򣡡
ִ߿ʼһִּγһԲȦʼӡһֲҶס
λֵܣոսӵ泤ϴķּһЩߣԭεʩƻͷ֮ĺģѰΪͨڶڽ֮£Ҫ¸ˣ
γɣҶȱ˰˽ӣһ߽ɵۣµһ𳬼ۣ˵ۣһ߽ɵۣ˵ҶˣҲһ˶֡
Ҷ˾
Ҷܵǣͷ֮ЩǿִߣȻôץסַߣֶͨΣ֪Ĵڣ¸鷳
񼫣
һ𳬼ۣʮ㣬ʱ˿̣ռʱ˺ͣҶ޷ӳȥģһ𳬼ۣһִߣһƽҶȣȻҳҾֲ֣ûϢȻǱͷ֮磬칬ʧأ
Ǻǣ칬Ǻܸ߿ңҳΪڶͨߣ
ҶȲǽͷ֮ǸҶȣһɵۣͬȼա
𳬼ۺȻֹͣһִߣֵּȥʮˣѹ
ʮɵۣ˵ͷҶȣ
ˣҶȼ޷

ͻȻһ䡢µŮдݶ
ļʱҶһЦķԤһ̣û뵽Ȼˡ
۵Ϸע⣡
ƣ
˲䣬һסյĺɫâһλŮ߳գͬˮӿ硣
䡫
ֲһŮŮһڽֵ֮һͽ칬֮С
̼䣬ŮӳҶߣ·Χǻײеִߣ֮ͫеȻ޴棬ʵû°ɣ
纣Ǽʱû£ƤˣһΪСǧ֮УûڼɽĴڣ
ҶȿŮӣľͻȻӿо
磬ҵˣû£İɣɽ֮ܶأ˶й滭ڼɽҲ⣡
Сǧɰ
Ǻǣ
ҶҡͷЦЦϤоΪů
Ӫˣ˭칬ĵˣ֮ˣŮɵʵѹ£ϣֲִߣɲҶ纺ᣬٴζ
ɱ
ʮִߣֳ𣬴˷ɱ纺Ҷȡ
ȥ
纺Ҷǰ˫ͫͻȻ˸ĺ֮⣬ڶʮִɱʱ纺һ㡣
䣡
һտĿĺ֮⣬ΪģȻֱӾһִ߿ʼ뺣֮ⷢײ
˭Ҳռһơ


835 նĵ
ԭϲ˶á
ס칬ִߣ纺תҶȣذ˫ҶȣҶҲ˫ȥ
ʮָۣ
ಡ
һ纺֮ϣٿȻ׷׵ӿҶ֮УҶȲ԰׵ɫ˲俪ʼָǴĿѪҲʼϡ
һ̣Ҷȴ纺֮УСǧ޽䡢ֽ䡢Ǿ䣬ѸվڵԣҶȫľʼ߶һ̾޴ѪҲȫ֮С
ָо
κʹࡢѪԡǿɵ򱬷жʧڵĳʵС

ҶȽǣס纺֣ɵۼִߡһ𳬼ۣҶͳͳЦһ
۳׶ŭͳͳϣܸһ˿ϣ칬ߣ֮ͽɱץģ

칬ִɱˡ
ڳͷ֮꣬ҪſֽţԪ
ҶȰ纺󣬴߶Ԫκͨܵͷ֮ڼɽʩչ޼˻ףͳһףʩչԪԪͨ
꣡
ԭһռ˲Ħһ⣡
¡
Ҷֻһˣ˲һƣʮɵ۷ײһνרѡҶȺʵɵۼ޷вֻܶԸɵסףǹϴײ֮УʩչԪ˲ʧ
أ
ô޷оϢ
ʮִӿϧҪΧɱҶʱȴҶȲˡ

ͻȻһ޵Ŀռ䣬һ׹ָͨ׹ָץסһΪɵ׵ִߣ˲Ťͷ­һƣ׹бһƬ

һɵʮִƺ׼ж֣ͬӥҶһγʱӿ˲䣬ȻӶʥɵ׼ȷҶȺ󱳣׹׸ײ
ɱң
׹޼˻ɣǳԽɵҶȲֶͨγ֣ڰ׾޼ս˻ƣ칭Ҳ޷ʹá
һʩչݾͲƣֶЩҶ˽ˣһۣܿҶȾҶȡ
ٿ
ɵʱҶȾʹԪʧˡ
ǲǶ֣칬ĸ֣δڼɽһ뿪
纺ͬˮવδգҶԺ
ֻҪЩ߸ϵɵۣ߸ϵ칬ִߣǰʲô칬̫£ܺģһһƿ磬ҪߣסֻҪС𳬼ִߣ
һ칬ִ߾˸֮Уòִ֮Ϣһ֮ͨҶȾʹ߳纺Աߡ
һ֣Ҷڳͷ֮缸ѹ֣ͳͳͷˣÿɱһִߣ;û泩
¡
ͻȻںڼɽ޴ɽͷ֮·ɽ壬Ȼըһɱը棬𣬳˲ұը
찡ܣܣͷ֮ôˣ
һִߣԼĳ
ʯʯѰˣڼɽ޼Ҳ⣬ɽŻ᳹顭ãã²
ĻҶȣƻڼɽ󳬼ۻǻʬˣûֶΣϾаͷ֮ѹΨһ޷ܵƵģȻǿʯʯѡ
ɱɱͳͳɱ⣡
ִ߷ŭһҰޡħ߶ɵۿγһ°Χ̽磬ǸҶ纺·
һս
ɵִʩչĽ磬ôǿҶ纺ʵ޷ﵽɵ۸߽ףҪƿ磬̫ѡ
Ҫֵܣ
ۿҶȾҪʩչͨɱ¾һɱһѪ·ʱһԵ֮ӿ
ġܻ
纺Ȼ˵ƳһҶȣ֣ƺ֪˴Ӱ·ɱǶǵƤ
ն硭纣㿴֪ΧȻңѧҶڵ纺§ڻ
ִ߶ʱӿΧɱСˣ
칬ִߣֵܣҾͲǲɽͷֵܣһǸĿθˣ
һӣڲִĿ£ҷԾð׽棬˳Ȼ˫磬һ˫ۣ
ִֹס߰ŭӰӣ񣡣
ɱĶ࣬칬ִһɱĽ٣
ӻչ֣һӳͭ⣬ϵۣʮɣڲϱ䳤ͻȻס߸߹Ȼ·칬ִߣһȥ
ɲǼ䣬ضͭնһѷ죬ֱͭ磬𳬼ۻֳХĿɭϣ⡭һ
䡫
ͭʮɣͻȻΪɾ޴УȻնڽϣ˲ˣͭ󵶲ʮִϿգִ߷׷׼ʥɵֵ
žડ롫
ͭ󵶾ĻƹϣһѶʮɵۼִߣĵºɣ˴룬ռ䶼սת𵴣
һ춯أ
𳬼͵һݣ鴦ˣĿ˲䣬ڰϣĪǵڵˣ
ЦЦҲõѵҲǵڵˣɽͷִڣϹϵӳЦ
ǵڵˣҲҪ㻹һ֣ϧΪδͻƳۣˣֱޱ
ִߣȻҪ԰ӳ֡
ܺãܺãҲųزãѵûָǰʵɵ۶Ҳûսԣ㲻Ҳһ̤ڵĳۣһ˵
ᣡ
ӣ˫ֺ£ͭɫʼۣһɾ޴ͭ󵶣ôسС
һ
磬û뵽żǧ꣬ʵͻָ˵ز
֮УҶȼնʵҡҡͷ뵱ɽնʱʵɵ۾ɵֻۣҪʱָͻԽ蹵һԾϣΪɵۡ
ֵܣһúüʶʶڵķ緶
ն֮д͸
סɣ
նƺҲ볬۾룬ס󵶣صռһͭռĦȼػ棬ɽ̣Ȼն⵶ն˲䣬Ҳò顣
õҲõ
ִ߷գҲһʥɵŽ֮ͭ飬۵ϣҲɶݣʥɵݺݵһӣʥ칬ۣһͬ


ͭɵʥɵײһ𣬾޴ƣΧִ߷׷׺ɣִն춼ʱ嶶¡
ͻͻͻ
ִֻӳֻǶͭ󵶣Уһͭ󵶾硣


836 ƵĿ
ǿ۾ǳۣǸո̤ڣȫɵ
ʱ˿̣նһһҶȸо·һ̾ɽ磬ոնǿ̣ն컹Ǹ߸ϡ
һУҶȾͶԳ۳ɵָ֮࣬ƣ
նʵҶ˷㡣
ǣ׷ɱ֣ͽͷ֮ѾգҪ٣ǿ߾Ҫ٣ûܶԿ칬ϣ
ִȫնʵ֮ϣһУ֪ն콻֣ȫ԰նѹ
ңҲóն첻һɵۣδţѾչ¶ͷǣɱ
ն֣
ͻȻ֮䣬նߣһӰ
նĪһЦļʱ

ڴʱ֮£ҶȼӰˣԪӿɵأɱִǰЦ
ϴĲɣԸ칬£ҲǰҸӦͷŵķϢһֱĵӰʵ֮УôĲмһ˿ŭ
Ȼǣħ𣬶ңû棡
ȫ칬һ£
ããʹ̫ʱ
ҶҪѵʱ򣬽ݴն죬ֵܳħ𣬽ڽҪͷ纺ҶͻȻо棬ůģڳͷ֮磬һȥУԺڰ
һָ
ִ߷ŭˣײжųħ𣬺޲ðѳħԵͽĿŵţ칬ΪУɽǲһˣ칬汻ɲè
ٿ
˻һѹƺʲôͨɢЦģѱֲӡǣӴˣ칬׷ɱķˣҪ㣬ѹڳͷ֮磬ڵģ
û˻ô˵Сӣ
ħնƺнʲôȻһգǹ֪ͫ˸⣺ɣˣƤӣ
Сӣߣ񣬿ܿãѹ̫ãû뵽ɽ֮⣬ڵԽԽ񣡡
ִһֱӲȻڽϿգҶ棬ռûκϢǳںϷҶԪҲͨһֱܼԦ
κͨﵽܣǾķǿߣ

ȶˣȻһһִߣ
ĺãִ߻ӶʥɵҪʩչһ

£ִҲ벻նҲ벻Ҷȶҡҡͷ
ΪħһҪԳִ֣֪߳ȴһ̤·֮Уһץץסִ߲ӣɵۼִߣû˿ӦҲ޷ƴ
Ҹպöˣ
һĻˣ
ڽ֮ϣִ߻δӦʱħȻ棬ſ죬ȰִһҧסԴһڣͰ˳Ƶģһ£УִҲһ
ִߣȻôħʳˣͷ
ħͷɱħͷ
ΧЩִ߸оͷƤ飬鱬Ѫͬ鱻ħʳֱͿĹԵ࣬ħħ£ʳȻɵۣɵǿ󣬾ôװʳˡ
ִ߶ʱߣ

ִߣǸħֶΣͨһаħв޴вɱ֮С
Ҳ޼£
ħͻȻΪһƬѪֱӿִӪһˣħѪ֮Ϊߵĸ߽ɵۣŽסʮ׻˽µִͳͳѪơ
Ѫ壬ֱһɵִߣ
񣬼ֱû칬ִ칬ɱ˲գִۣ߾ħѣ
û뵽ƹȻĿ齫ֳҶĿ齫ҲǺ˽⣬ֻǴ֮УﵽĴУŻһѣ
һȫûҶ纺ʲô£ִĻҶԸǣæŶԸħ纺ҲԳƳֶΣ΢𾪣һμħ
ѾնɱɵۣȡļսףʵŻ˿ֲȻڳۿ⣡
նʵ̬ħҪ̬Ȼ̤ɽǧֹ꣬Ҷһ˽٣ÿ˶ھͬԲ˼鷽ʽΪǿ
ǰãոսͷ֮磬Ҿ͸ܵһͬϢֳһѰķϢͨ໥µķԪϢҾ֪ѣҲܵҵϢϢҾһֿѰҡȴϢ
纺ħն˵
Ȼ
ʵҶеס
ӣ
ʱһ˵ڽڱ
ִ߾ͳΪƬɱը޷⣬ߣȻ𳬼ִߡ
һ·׷ɱħ𣬽ħͨ޵УӹһƬ;һִߣصִߵ棬˶ӣóִ߱ףƺԸŸڳħ¡
һгɨħҲִܼߣԣִ䣬ħȴˡ
Сɱң
ħʣʮִΧĵر
ɶ񣡡
ִͻȻóһ˵棬˲ˣʱ̣Ҷȡ纺նɫ˲䡣
ϴƣ
ħƺҲִ֪ҪʲôͻأڽϿճ֣һħֱ֣Ӱѽ˺飬Ҷ纺ΪӶһħѪŷɳ
ôͽҲҪ֪ǿնɱǧӷ²ˣ
ͻȻԶսգȻִߣһеʥɵڵѪҶȡ纺ħն죬̲סڨЦ

˲飬óħû취ĳִߣżʮŵû궼û˵ִߣɳ𳬼ۻϡ
𳬼ۡеѰˣ
ħҶȡն츺ֶ纺վҶԱߣͫûй󣬳ħüͷһ壬Ҷȣϴ󣬺úǰӮǻǹϿҸоһɾ޴Ĵⷽɽսпܣ칬ǿˣ
Ǿ߰ɣСǧ
޴ʼ߶ˣҶ˫ֿʼغס
ãǿռͨҪߣ󷨽磡
𳬼۸ӦֲҶȴ߶СǧռѾڸı䣬һɵۣҶȵͨǰ𳬼ۣѾ÷򣬿ռκβǶӦ
󷨽磬ڳǿУߡ
ħҶȡնͬʱͷǧͼչֳˣʱΪԭҪʧ
ӡ
𳬼ִ߾Ȼ԰˹ƿԭץȥ˴󳬼ۣڣҲǻصģǵԭ㣬ȻԾƺܵ˴󳬼ִ߿ֲ
ƣ
Σһ˲䣬һŮӺȻһ߳Ű˴󳬼ִ֮ͷųһа⡣


837 С򽣿
ž
ͻȻɱλŮӣһ⣬ȻѰ𳬼ִһϡﻩһ顣
ͣ
֣ĺְסؿڣ̲סѪһѪ˿
һ˶԰𳬼ۣһУռϷ磬ǰλĺŮԽա
û֣ת뿪
վס
ּͬʱŭһһ˴߳ʥɵҵȣάط㻹ߣħ֣տʼ칬ˣ
ɱǣ칬ҵ𣿡ŮͻȻͣס
㣡
£ƽ̹칬Ŵ֪ɱˣڣһִߣǳۣоĶˡ
ɽħ
Ȼ䣬ոߴһӵȵĮ
䣡
һ޴ħɽһֻץסǾˣֱӴճ칬𳬼ѹ
㡢ǡ
𳬼۶ʱӦֲ͸޴ڣû˵ڣµħɽͰѰ𳬼ִߣѹ÷飬ţһħ棬ʬ壬ʱΪ˳
ħģǸˣ칬ĴܣѾ

غŮӵͷһһգʧա
СӵǴһôŽһǵڵˣһ޷͸ħͷֳ꣬һħаŮӡǲħħ֮һ𣿡
ǸʱȻȥˡˡ
֮У˻ʬ˵Ĳɣ
˿̣ǷҴըڼɽһ޴ɹ򣬲ϵɢȻһںӰӣȻա
ȻһĽɫ칬Ϊͨǳ۰ִߣ˲ｮ
칬ǿߡͷڴңԶ칬ݶ
ʱھɽ޾գ
ٿ
һˣ˹ɿ¹⻪֮г飡

һˣҶȡ纺ħնСǧٴ£ϵش󣬿Ű𳬼۳Ȼܽգһֱ׷ɱ϶Щ΢仯
Ҷ˵·־ɽһ׷ɱʱĳ
Ҷ겻ѣʱΪ̫ɽһ񣬾ͲնɱӵɵȻִ״̬òҶȴģɽηΪɽŲӵв˼ǿߡ
漣
ϴӦøоղŰǣλǿϢ˰ɣ
ħȻһɱؿҶȡ
ҶȺ޷˳Ǻܿͻָ糣Ͼ־һɽ۵Ǭڳͷ֮־־ӳԽˣǡˣ
ϴ󣬵þѪӵⲻ˼ʵÿµħԲǿʢ̺һɿµħϢǹƽģħаһЦ
ܹƽ𣿡
Ҷзһ䣬˾˳޷ʹ࣬ڵõӵǿδ֪㹫ƽ
ѡ˻ԸѡԶûȥ¹ǡ
Ϣֻصа֮ħƺְһֶΣվͷץסһ˿ܡ
ҶϷοЦݣ֪ħ֮Уƣ˽ħڣԺһˣ
õģϴ󣡡ö˵ʲôħ֪ҶҪʲô
㼸ǧ겻Ĭûɫһ΢
ϵܣʲô⣿
ʱСǧ£ѾңԶգۿɿնͻȻ۾һ㣬ָҶҼ˵
Ŷ
Ҷûоһͷˮ
һԵ纺ͻȻһ𶯣
ôˣǡҶȱն졢纺һһէŪľǿɲǿЦ˵鷢
ǾȻûз
纺ħն켸ͬʱӣ̾֡
ֵǣûзճ˵ǧͼͼӦÿԸܵĴڡȻǧͼûиӦ
һҡͷ
£ҶȲɵһǲһ޷ӦĶʵʵѹļϣ𽥲ҶĿڳħϣôˣƣ
Ӧû⣬ϴԼһŪ֪ʲôˣħհ֣ʼ硣
ءء
ͻȻһСӤ޿Ƶģոأ
纺ҶҼ磬֮ͫУ˸Ŷɫߣһʯôû۾
Ҳûбӡն˺һͬ纺Ҳڴʲôò˼飬һǺ棬һҡͷ
ֻ͡ˡħ°ͣͷһ࣬һᣬһһһȥ
˵ʲôû۾ûбӣ͵ģУ˵òã
ҶȻһֻȻԪ⣬ʲô纺նħһһ䣬Ū÷֡
û֣ûнšصĹ⣡纺߽һǶͷ˸

Ҷû˵ˣ߶ʮһоëëģֲϵͷ
ʱָⴥһû¶ȣȴĶûκηңּӵ⣬ƺһ롣
Ϣǡѵ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷͫ׷Ŵ޷ӦϢ֪ΪΣԴ֮󣬾͸оϤĲϢһԼѪϢһʯʯѹϵϢ
ʱҶľͿ⼸£ɣѾɽӸ칬ˡôѵʯ壿ڼɽ׷ˣ
ĶʯʯϢȫͬͬǣ̺ҶԼϢⲻѽͣҶԺһ棬ʱǬͻȻɱУˣһѪʯʯ֮ϡ
ء
ַһ
Ȼ֪ʯ壬ҶȾͲõģƽǸεȹ̫һͲþ
˫ְѹֶ𣬶ʱҶǰͳһɫ࣬ĺɫ
纺ն졢ħ˵ͬû۾ûбӣֻԲԲСͣݻûƺոճȻҲûֽţצ֮ġ
⵽Ǹʲô̥
Ҷһʱסˣ纺ն졢ħҲΧƺ⣬һɴ۾Źֶ
֮˺棬Ϊ׵ؿǣϢܵɽѹƣ涼˵̥򵥣ǳ򵥡
أ
̥Ҷ˫֮УغţȻûϢ·һͬɶ
أ
Ҷһֱ۾ģ˺һ
أ
̾Ӧһ¡
оܺ棬ܿɰ纺Ҳһء
ء
Ӧһ
أ
նħҲ˼һû۾ӡֻ͵ĹƺѴҵɼˣʮֵؿġ
أԺͽڣޣ纺ģΪ̫ɰˣȻ̥һ纺ȴǳϲ


838 һԻ
ء
纺ϲʱСصغ˺ߣƺǸû۾ܿκδڡ
նҶȼһˣȴϸϸʵϵܣƺ̥ڲƾմʯͷĳģ
磬˵ˣǴʯͷĳģ
Ҷ仰նզò㵹θ
ϴ⡭򵥰Ūģ
ħһԣΪĿ齫ļʶͨᲢ۵ģĿǰʵҲǿһλһȻɽͬ壬ңÿһΣͰɽȻڵ£޾ƺʲôǷˣ
ġ
ҶȰ֮纺Ƕ۾εõʯʯѾһһ߸˳ħն졣
ǸֵԣκաϴǼ񵽱ˣҪóȥ϶޵а
ħЦЦúܰԵ
˵ļǣԡħԡκգɳȥˣ治ˣնͷǳ϶
ͷֲ֮ѣʲôᱻȡҲҪ֮УΪ칬ִȡ̥һ޷Ǵⲿǿдݻٳͷ֮磡
̲סޣӾγͷ֮;Ȼ߶СǧСǧҴɽţżֶ죡
磬򵥣

Сǧչֳǧͼɽһռ˲䣬Ͱɽգգ֮ͳһƬ޼ʷֵɽء
磡
ɭɽ֮У˽Ҷһ΢ϢƿΧռһȻ߶䣬һ˾ƾʧ
ǣÿֲ硭⡢ֱǴ˵е磬Ҷ޷⶯Ҳա
ĵӰھ磬ԣʱѹնͻҪſ£Ϊûһ˿ɵֻԣɽ粻ܴ硣
ϴڴˣ
ħҲޱȣն죬ܵѹȣУغҲںϣֻǿչڳħ˵Ǻܼɵġ
ڷ磬ΪҶָܰѹƷ㵽һηⲻ˼
磬磬ߣҲ޷ɵɣУϰһ£ıռ
Ҷȴųħն̳֮ϣ纺һҶȴ߶һӡͰѷ̳Ͽܶȣ˲ɢնѹȣ̾ʧˡ
ء
ҶȸıռΪնħϰ߾֪ҶȼϵĹ̥ޣƵģ£ԲԲûݵͣں΢΢ſȻֱӾͰԸ塣
ɣ⣡ħɶڲһּɵ
ԶգҶħ纺ˣݲӵ󴫳УҪﱾ󣬽Ҳ̥ޣȻԣͬɽ֮⣬ɽ׾١
óħ૳̾һ䡣
ն첻ǼɵĽԶô󣬾ȻһСգֵܣҪúооӣ޿϶Ǵ޽֮أҲֹ壬ĴڣܿǰǹŹʯǴ޽֮ص½磡壬һ㶼Ŀֲ
ܰѳͷ֮ˡħˡ
ǸԻʲôʶԣһ˻ѽӣһǸˡ
ҶһЦ޶ڼϣʱʱһأ̫ˣü̿ѣ纺ȴ֣ʱʱȥһһģҶҡҡͷն죺磬ôڼɽ
ʱҸոձչسһλ̸ڶϻ䶯ɽĴ£ϸϹִ֣նһˬʡ
ħаǺǵЦʶҺϴͬķϢܸоԼˣɩӣ
Ҷ̲סһ£ɩӣ
Ŷħն͵͵໥գգۡ
ȿȡ
Һ纺ƺûע˶ԻҶȹʾ⼸Ȼʵ磬ô꣬˳𣿽ɽ磬Ҳ֪ɽ޴ֶ컹ҪǿһҪɱΪڴߣѣ
նɫһĿòɣüҸĸʱһʾ޴ƸںϣҸĸĵǰһع飬̾ɲһһӦҪĨɱ̫򵥣Ҵڣȥ˵һЩȻʼ֣ʱܽȣҲ֪ʱжˣܸҷϾЩӦǿҸĸӣ
磬㲻õģꡭ
Ҫһѿ֪Ҷȴˬ˵꣬ҺͳƣʱΣûһ֧㣬ԶҲվң벻˭֮Ǿǵ꣬˸㣬㻹ֵܣ
лˣ
նҶⷬϳŵֿһа΢Цĳħ𣬻ѪӿĿԽᶨҿҪʱȥɲټҪʱʱ̿򣡡
粻̫ģʱ䷨ȫı䣬һǧ꣬Źȥһ꣬ãһкܶöҪ磬ϣڣͻƳۣɵ߽ףۣӦò⣡
Ҷ쿪֣޽˸һĿ⣬߶ڲƣһɹɷӡͷɳ
նħ𣬶̾һ䣺һ˼
磬һٿŶ֮һŵӣһǳʺϴĿǰУȽ̤磬ΪѰһŷǷ
ɲǼ䣬ӡɹΪһն졣
֮ӣ¸£ɶ޼֮ж֮֮󣬾ͿвֵǶ֮һţɽ磬һˣ
ӡֵնοҶ⣬ײֵܣҪʱ򣬾ͻ޷˵س֣ն̾Ͱѷӡڡ
磬ץʱаɣչأʵ뾳綼壬ΪԽڵߣ
Ҷȡħվ䣬˾纺һͬ뿪ȻնڵĿռ䣬׵׸ıܶȣն⣬˳ˮۡ
ણણ
ȻҪʼ̳һӷ̳ԵһĪ
Ի̳ⷨɶɵģ
ԴһҶ˲ŭֱգ޾Ȼ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ڷ̳һ֮ϣȻ棬ֱӿʳ
޳ԵĽζʳǣҶȴ絶̳ΪģˣԺ߲㾳磬ʲôȥС
ǸԻһܳԣħ𲻽գԺֶһֲԻµĳԻ
ҶƳȥڰܼҰԻҪȥ칬Ϲͥȥ֪ܼңʵ㣡
˲һ̫һ׼޷ӡ̫һһ֣޾͸ܵˣֻСβһڣٿһͻصҶȼϣʵʵſŲ


839 ħľ
ϴһϢٶȿ޷͸
ħβһڣһȻߣͻصҶȼϣȫܵӰ죬㵲ѡ
ССһ壬ȻԽɵۣ
ǸΣըҪǶһ޷ɹƻͷ֮磬ӳƣ˵˵սõûУ
ҶȵԭʯʯѾʶʱһתħ
Ȼˣڷõͷڰɽ磬Ǳ׽̣оߣУȡս׵սѥսףֶо죬Ǹ
ħа˸߲ңԽ˵Խһһɵֶۣ˷ָԭսѥʦӵеģ˾Ȼϧȥɱʦȡսѥɣתɽ磬ֵõ岿ֵսף
ʦţ
ȻĺоаħҪ֣оҲʱ˲ãνǿǿ֣ħҲǳħ֣ħ̫ء
ҶûоָҲ޷ѹסħһｵһ
õսףоչ֪̩ͨҵ̩ӵͷ̩ңɽ硢ڷѰͷ£ϴ㶼ˣ׽̣̫λɨвҾ͸ӦĴڣ㲻ңҾ֪һȥ˸ɽ磬ҾͿʼսף
ļս֮ȷɽһɵУϧͷӡһ취޷Ӧɵ۴ڣǺںսףں̴֮߶սףɽɵۣ͸ӦսϢǾͽ½壬ȫƳΪԪܣͷǣиһɽ磬ɵߣ
һΪһرǿɵۣٺ٣ȴһɵĽ׸֣һۺͨռռ֮ٺ٣̺׽̲࣬ɹɱ˴ˣȡ֮ļսףҳں֮󣬾͸ӦɴµĵڣҾҵϴ˵պͷͨӦϴھɽԪ٣
ħһӵذ⼸ǧ꾭ַӾ˵ˣƺ̣иһ¡
ҶȻǵõսף͵õɴ۴У
ħʧҡҡͷΪҲǣɴƺ֪䣬칬ϣͰаѱɽʿػߣ
ʿػɴǲ򵥣Ψһһλܰ칬Ƶ
ϴɴۿǶɹ˴󲿷٣һĴڣΪԲ磬Ӱ󣬽һ֮ңϧ½˳ɾɴ۰װ׾ôˣ
Բĸ磬ɴѾվһأȻûƹضֱˣ
Ҷ겻ѣɴͬ໨Ŵһлʬˣվɽ۷ĴڣϧҶ֪޵˳ɹɽ磬Ϊ󣬾໨ŴҲ֪ɹ
ʬˣȴԶ̤󾳽硣
ҶͻȻͷƺʲôҪ£ˣ˵ɣڳͷ֮磬Ȼɴ£󻤷֮һ߾𣡡
߾һȻţ
ħر˽߾ҲǶĿȾɴ۵սǿɴ۶Կ칬һҲǴﵽڻڵǿߣпܣ߾ɴѾûжٲ࣬ϴ󣬲ã߾᲻ֹҵõɴ۴У

Ǹ⣬Ҷ֮ͻȻ߾𣬾ڳͷ֮ʱ;߾ǳħõɴ۴е谭Ȼ߾Ҫħ϶޷õС
ҺһţһҪħֻҶȣˣҲ
ǳħ
Ҷ˼һǰսƺڤڤ֮еߣڳͷ֮磬Ҳ߾ͷ֮磬ؽ౦ۡϼʹ˹ִڣȻмҾ֮߾һǷ칬߾ִҿУ֪£ұҪȥɴ۵ĵҪ߾Ҳ̸̸ɴ۵Ҫټ˾ɲٴη칬칬ѹڳͷ֮磬ĥ޾£칬ˣǾ㣬˵
־ͷ̫ãҪú˵˵ߣѹô꣬ʵ϶ǰʵڡڣûڡڵĿֲȻҪȡСܰװױˣ
Ȼ
ϴǽ˴ؽ౦ۡϼ˹Ƕɽ糬ͷؽ౦۲֪ƶռٹϵıϼϹͥǿߣǴ˹ˣʵﵽɴֵزһɵʱ޽֮ؽ˻ʳʱȥһΣǹģ޽֮ؽ۹ٵصĵһˣ
˹պһ£Ӵ˹Щǿ߿ҾȻ̫ʼϢ칬ˣҴ˹ƺǱץסģҾ֪Ϊ̫ʼΪˣҶܶ飬һһ˵
̫ʼ
ħһЦɵۣ̫ʼѾɴǰ߶ȴڣǻȻȻһаħЦںܶǰʱɴʱڶңԶˣԪڣ˹ʱ޽֮ذҲɵףһħɢޣһν޽֮ء
޽֮أ
Ҷû뵽ħɵף͸ҽ޽֮أһﵽɵ۸߽ףŻȥ޽֮ء
ʱҶԼĿ齫ݣȻӵпһ㳬۵ʵʱ޽֮أһΣһֲ޽֮ĳʱգҾֻǰȥֻ֣֪֮ܶţ
һֻ֪֮ţǺǣɽ磬ֻһˣֻ֪֮ŵҪԣϧҾ˻̫ʼֻ֮ţʱѾǾţΪҸһ֣ɽһ·׷ֻ֮ţ̫ʼȻںʱ򣬾һֻֻ֮֮ȻӦֻϢǡ̫ʼõֻ֮ŵһ£ɱңϧ󣬼㾳δﵽ󣬵ǾѪĴУɱңﵽ󾳽磬߶ֻ֮ŲſܰնɱͰѹڷ磬ܶ꣬ϴҪȺܾã
ħѹȥǸңԶɽʱڣ̫ʼΪʲôΪˣΪλѹԭ˵
Ǹô꣬ͻƳۣ¾ҲڣʵҲɴۡ˹Ǹ߶ȣϻС糬ֻ֮ţʵʵѾԽ˳ۣӵе
һĬħһЦ̫ʼ޴࣬ûмɵԷ


840 һͬǱ
ֻ֮Ŵ
ڳħĹȥҶһ̾һŻħӲԿǣΨڻ̫ʼϣԹһء
̫ʼڵĸ߶ȣʵ޷󣬳ԽۣǺεȸ
Ҳ֪緢£һĿ齫ѣɵԪ֮У϶Ǳд·Ҳоҵϣӵ֮أֻ֮ţҼ֮УӦ֮УΪĳһᲢ۵ģҽиഫм䣬Żֻ֪֮ŵħüͷֻ֮˵ϧ޷ҵԴìܡ
ôһһҪõ̫ʼˣնɱȡˮ
Ҳģ
Ǻǣ
ҶħͬʱЦЦ
ڳͷ֮磬Ҳżʶ칬ǿ߾𡢴˹ѹɴҲնɱɼһߣһ𳬼ǿߣһǿߺأǺ໨Ŵ۴ڵľͷΣûҪӳͷ֮Ҳѣһˣǿ£һμ棬һвҪҵڶΣȻҪңҺλǿ߳棬ǬǴԪĿ
Ԫ
ħ֮һĨ㵣ţˣȻԪ
Ǭ޳ʵֲǱ칬ѹڼɽͷ֮磬Ϊ칬ô꣬һֱûκжȵҵſʼֶΣ뿪ͷ֮磬˿϶Ժ󻹻һҪңԺҵĿǿУ
ǲϱǿǿҲԽԽ࣡
ھռúУȻҪ£ȥѰɴ۵ȥѰСǧڣȻȥڣȡڴȨҪ£лᣬҪȥѰˣˣǧ֮һҪɱɱʮ˶ɱЩ£ܶҪȥʥ̻ȵȣ
ϴҿ㻹ǾͻɵۣϴǱͻɵۣɽ֮УֻҪڡڡڵľͷһ㳬۶κβ㣬ɵʵȡɴ֮󣬿»ﵽɵ۸߽ףۣʱһˣ
ԣ
Ҷȿ϶صͷ
ЩĿǰҪ£ǽɵۣҵǧͼһõ𣬾ڳۣҲκβ
ڣڣҲܺǧͼǰ˶ôǿݺɽ磬һ㳬ۣ޷ݺġ
ʱ䲻࣬ʼаɣǶ֮вٵӣ㶼գУ
Ҷ֪ħͨҲǿе˶٣ֻǳûеõ󴫳жѡ
ħ´һãȡͻɵףٺ٣ϴǱడģʥ̻ڣɱ񣬹Ҿûؽ̫ҵ۹̫ˡ̫ҵͬɴ۴ˣϴкܶԴã
дǣż˹߾ЩͷϾɽΪҪܳʱָʵд洢ȵٴγΪʱŻжģպǾʱ䣬ǿ󣡡
Ҷħ죬³ħҶȲٷֿһֱһжͬڷ磬ƷԺһĺһ䶯ɽĴ
һ죬ǻվɽ۷壬ͬ˹߾Ц񷡣
ڿʼһһ
ɳ
ʱռ䣬纺ڸ߿翵к֮ģʥ£̳֮ϣնͽ֮Уħһħƣŵγһɵףݡ
̳ա
顢ʥʮˣҶٻӾռңԶգ˲֣һС
꣬ʮһֱھռ벽룬չУĴУҶڻع飬Ҳ֪ƺһּ״̬һּ𾳽磬ںϸսͨ
Ҷͷ򣬿ʼԣһӡ
ūھΪඥ
֮У̫¯ȼգҶһӣūɱŨŨ֣Ҷóӣִӵڳͷ֮磬ѪеľѪʩչͨںϡ
ūڿʼ޽ײͳӣԼгΪǿĿ壬ͳӱʴȫʧȥԭе㵱һúУ
ԪʼӿҶһץһԾΪһӣڵūͷǽײľ衣
ūѾʧȥԪʧȥʶֻһ˵ʵһʬ⣬˿ơ
ײǿܣܣҶѾвΪūΪܴžںѪū֮ǰΪܣûо磬ʵȴϵ
Խ࣬ͨײūԽǿûоѹƣǿ󣬿ȽϣҶжǿʵͻѵūߵͬĸ߶ȣҶɵʵͿ԰ѵūߵɵ׸߶ȡ
ǽײͨ
ţõūںϵѪȫذ飬þѪһ壬ٰԪƣײںϣ뵶ūҵʶںϣԪʶʶֻнײ
ŪһУѾȥ꣬ūѾΪһܣ˱ۿܣԼʼԺеΨһڣײʼУҶְͳڣʮƷҶѾˡ
ҪͻɵۣΨһģǷڣҪʼӴ򣬽ӴµķںϷҲͻɵۣȻҵĲҲԽԽһ죬ڷ֮£ͷ
ҶҪѴһֱͻʮĸı䣬벻㣬ȫȫͷʼ̫ͨ컯ȭ龻֡޼˻ס֮ڰ׾޼ս˻ơײʥǹԪͨҪһһͷʼ
о䣬ҶҲ뿪ʼҪںˣҶȴδںϹͻɵ֮Ҫӵƿʱ䷨ͨڲʱ䷨ı䡣
ҪͨͷʼУһ飬ɲףңҪ޵ʱ䣬ڣھڣΨһÿǵľʱ䡣
أ
Ҷ֮УһֱſҶȼȻȻԣһֱ˯ʱʱᷢûʲô
֪ȥȻûб仯ڳ˯
Ҷȴ췭ظı仯ͨͷһ飬ľ裬׳٣磬Ѿʮ۷壬ʱʱ̶̿ͻףʵҶҪͻҲԡ
Ҫʺϵʱͻƣȷѡ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ôȥ˰ꡭ
۾ҶͫȻΪƵǳǳ˸ͫǧǹһ塣
ʵȻնɱɵ۰˽סŽףʮףκɵۣв˳ۣ


841 
ҶԲʱħնҲֹͣУ纺Ҷߣڡ
˾뿪䣬¾뵶ūС
ɽ嫵ı̿գɣ
λֵܣұϸϻصڣܶڵңҪɲ֧ң
ԭҶȴҸطúþһۣնϾҪֱźεؿҶħ
ںӴ󣬵֮ߣնҪڴжԼһУҶƻͷ֮Ѷ
ҶȻΪԸ𣬿޳ñغͣϾñطֵ֣ھռ۹ܶʱ⣬磬ȥɣƸԵõҪõĶͻȥڼ㣬Ҫڼʲôѣپˣʱᵽ
ɱ˿ҵֲˣģΪҵԸСˣֶΣħаа˵ն
ಣ
λֵܣҾڵڵţʱҵڣƷҵڵмֵܣȥҲ
һնһȥ֮͸գȳ۵ʵȷĪ⣬ûСǧҶҲ޷дٶȣ֮УٴԽ
Ϊ˲õ
ҶĿնȥգħþ޷ƽϢնǸѪжغܣԼһ鷳ȴԶǧ칬޷ɱҶȣ壬Զֵܡ
ĬһҶȾͿ纺纣ҪȥѰɴ۵ĴУСǧҪܳʱ䣬Ȱͻֶ죬ȻھУ
ҾɱǶ۾ʱҵıԴںϣһҰܴлкܶδƽ⣡
纺ȴԼ
Ƕ۾ǣ
Ҷ̾һ㣬Ƕ۾ϻкܶܣΪ˵ҿԶ֮ҵɵ۵Ĺؼһɵۣƣ߾ҲʵѰҴǧͼûɵʵҲǲеģ
ûҲǸʲôǶ۾ţǰɣҪǰд֣ȥɽ֮󣡡
ڳħϣֳʱ񡢳ħЦݡ
Ƭ̣ȴ߶ֶƣ⼸û鷢ؼʥ̻ᡭ
Ȼ½ȥҶȾҪ鴦á
߳һɽ磬˫һϣͳֶƣƼξֶۿԸӦҶϢҶҲԸӦֶϢԼκϢ
Ŷô꣬ҵϢξȻûңǷġߣǷģǸûҷҲãȻ߲û´˵һжǷƽˮ
ڴ߶ֶƣҶȾ͸ֶܵڸӦɽڵͬϢһṦ򣬶ûзӦֶûҴɽϢ֮УҶȵǸӦֶ
ֵܣпվͻ֮ڵʦãһ㣬һѾ㼸ˣûֵϢڰ󣬾Ҫصɽ磡
ʥ̻һжɽţɵǰ̻ܶ鷳ɵֵܾͷаɣȡʱһնɱɱʮˡ
ֶ֮ƾ͸ܵһͬϢգһַ٣Ԫ
ܿ죬ͨµѶϢҶ˲ˡ
̣һûӳͷ֮ѹлڶϻ£һ٣û뵽յ֮󣬵ֱȥֶѰȥˡ
Ҷڷ磬һֱŵ£ҪҵǰĺҪ֪Ϊ䣬ԼӺδھɱڵ̣Ҳǻ첻ˡ
ԴӴ֮ҶȾһֱæŽɽ磬ֶȵ⣬ؾͷ顣
̵ǸиԵŮӡ
ֶƣҶȲ纺纣ȥ֮ڸϻֶһλʦãǾǰһλӵߵĺˣҪ֣Ūһ֮ǰ֮󣡡
ðɣ纺ˬӦˡ
ϴдǧͼǵȻû죬Ҿͱɩӣˣ纺߶ʱħһ䣬纺ʧھɽա
ơ
ҶҡҡͷƻǳƣȥϤгֻˣҶЦЦСǧֶ죬ʼ󣬲һٸ
ֶ죡
̣ҶͬУҾͷˡ
Ưһֺ֮ϣ󷽾ȻһλŮӵ֣˵ЦŮ̡
Ҹүү˵ˣܸˣʱ̴ؼң˼Ҫ㣬˵ʲôҪӼδĶϱ
˭ҪȥӼң
̶˵ᴷţֱǷ򳪸棬ȫһԶСڡ
Ӵ磬Ҫúùϲ㣬ӣҲҪúùϲ㣬ճɾɽ磬ҵİ£ɲף
ȻһֶɳһһƬգͫ˸ŴذȻɫĿ⣬Ц洺磬ࡣ
ɿ̵֣Щ˼ȴܴ󷽣֣Թ㿴磬˼ֶ춼ŮӣΪֵӣ˵ҲŮǧ㣬ܴ磬ɱ𹼸λСõĲѧѻѧ
ĸңŵˡ
û뵽һýˣŶãҪһýˣ
ʱ֮УͻȻҶԽٽЦ
ֵܣ
һͼ
Ҷ磡Ϊ죬˵غһ̾ƣ࣬ƺҶȡ
ӣǼ壬кԨԴΪ£°
ѰҶʱһվͳһˣҶ˲ӳΧϢʮֺ䡣

˲һڿлһǹҶȾͳǰֶЦλҸӣȥӼҰϲ¾͸ˣǾɽ磬ʱ˺ͣóɼҵľͳɼң
ãһڴӦˡ
Ҷȵͷʼ߶СǧֵܷģҴ½ȥǰȻҪڣϽû⣬ʱȣ֣Ĳʱ򰡣ǺԺأλֵܣʹݱ𣡡
ǣģ
ؿֵ̣ܣδɩӣ
ģ
ಣ
һ޿ռ̰̣֮˳һЦͻΪһԭâʧɽա
ɽ磬֮
ǣ
ںϿգǰǺӵľͷ·Ǳ֮Ӱӿռӿ֮߳Ҷ̣Ź칦򣬾ȻʹӾɽϤɽ磬һжʵ


842 Ƕ۾ĩ
ӣɽ֮ɽ˶֪֮ԭ뺣ɳأ
ҶһǰվҲա
Ϥĺ磬ĺϢдϢ֮󣬵ɱɵ۰ڵǶ۾ν棬գԱ
ؼǣ纺
Ҷ֮УΪһĻ
֮󣿡
ã־ϲޱ޼ʵ֮Ȼɽ꣬ǰΪھɱȡΣǰ̤ɽУطڹż֮пĴڣΪдɳɽ磬ˣõɳΪۺˣ
ҶȵһЦᣬִҲл֮һˣǲġ
ɽ֮󣬾ˣĺ嫣ж֮֮أɽĳ䣬ȴȥ
ء
ȻһֱҶȼϣ˯ŲޣʱƺҲܵʲôȻӦ˼
ǸӦͬϢ֮ԭ֮أп϶ͬĴڣ
СӦ˼ҶȾһоػ֮һкܴջ
޿ɰ̺棬о޵ֻ֮Ǹˣʲôޣôͨ
ޣʲôҲ֪Ҷ޷ⶫµҶȾ͵ģһԼע⣬ȥ˵ͻŪ춯صĴ
ȻҶȵЩֻްܼңĶûƻԼĶԵøɸɾ
Իר£ϴξͲԷ̳ƻˣ
໡
ƽ˾ĺ֮ϣԭֻҶ̣ûκδڣƺܾв֪ͻһˮһһžǷظͷ޴ӿ棬ײеضˡ
ôຣ߽׵ĴڡǣɫһʵѲǲμӾɱ󣬽ɽУʵﵽ߽ףƺҪ֡
ٿ
һСζӰӣͣˡ
ء
ԭȻγӰӣޣƯգԲԲСʲôͻȻһСβͣһĻ»

֨֨֨֨
СβһڣٿطɵһǰǺоޣҪһȥǣСسſһɺɫǳԴСȻһѴ򱶵ľ޴󣬸ˡ
Ǽ
ء
һһ˷ܵؽһЩߵĺȻ³һ
ǿɰ̶̵СβͣƺδȫٴһڣʹռιҪû뺣һСС֮Уֵǣ޳ԵĽζͷ޴ĺ壬ûб仯ʹһ㡣
ˣڰ׳ԣ

ʵ޷ֻɳ棬ת͹ʼķθ
ء
ͷȻƺһ㶼ûԱͷֿ̰ɰĽû涯ֻһβͣͳҶȼϣŲ˯ˡ
˾˯˯˾ͳԣô޴Ҷ۾ֱˣҪιޣһͷҪʳ޲ܳ
ǸԻôԣºɳصˣҪл㣬ôƬɾԣ̰ԻҲ˰ɣ
ҶȺȻһ䣬ü£ܸоղһ뷨ʱʱ淢ʱˣǾͿֲˡ
ϴ󣬹ȻȵһףйѪϢĪҴϷ
ʱӰɽշδħͳˣħ
ҶӭˣϣһָãղޣȻһͷɶоûУҵģԺһ˶ԣ
ħʱɴ󰵺򣬲ɵһ䣬ƺҲɵޣ̺ҵĹԹԣⲻеһƴ
ԣκʣο壡纺Ծ
ҶҲˣ⣬ʡģʼڷθߣ໥һ
纺̳Ϊ˺ѣ
ţ纺ƿ£֮󣬳ȥϵسҶϤĻ棬޴ĺĺЩҶȵ˵ʵ΢
Ƕ̣кܴв
ܿ죬ͼеĺ磬໥ݺᣬûرϢû˻ע⵽ʲôشڣǿ߷֣ɵۻǳۣ棬Ҳû취
ֻ纺һˣǣǱԴ
纽㣬û뵽ֵطС
뺣˽⵽纺ȥ֮󣬽ס纺ֱۣ纺ܵĥѲһܽܵġ
ͬΪŮˣ纺ȴɱ¾֮гɳġ
һɫˮںں롣

һݰˮں磬ûкֻдɽһ˿صϢ
纺Ϳʼʩչӡڼǰһ̺˿˿Եķӡռˣٴν룬ͳںɫ硣
һϡأһطӡѹǣں룬ռ䣬ֻһʴڡ
ǡ
ħͬħƵģ㵵ĵɴֱͫ飬ҶȺټģϴɩӣǲȾСһ˾޴ĵǣ˼飡

⺣磬ݣڳħⷬһֱ޷
Ҷһֱǣž粻ϽǿԿ϶ȷǾͺĵǣǲ֪纾ʲôܣ
纺ĿһֱԾ˸ţͷȻֱҴﵽЩľͿԿУǶ۾˵úúõģͻɵ۾Ͷһݰգ
ãǽȥӣڴ˵Ⱥǣ޷סԷ򣡡
ҶȲһȻ纺ųħ𣬳ѷ촦ȥ̻һ졣
ĳСӣ
˻δѷ촦һϤħЪ˹ŭ𣬴ѷ֮Ȼ
Ƕ۾Ҷ
һɵۣһԣϴ󣬿Ƕ۾Ϊ򵥣Ҳ򵥰
ħڨڨһЦҲϴѹڴˣϴǰţǻҪţ
ǣ线Ǳ׷ɱˣ뾳磬纣걻׷ɱҪ
Ҷ֪Ƕ۾ĩյˡ
СӣȻˣ۾Ź㣡
Ƕ۾ӷ
ͷұQİɣȥǸηųħŭģ纺ͷһԴűԴӡѷ


843 ֮ԭ
ڲһ۶ɵĺ硣
봦һɹɷӡ֮£һǹ⾹ȻԣǵıԴģǷǶ۾
ಡ
Ӱ˲Ӹ߿ѷ촦
ǸҪһ纺ҵģǱ۾ģϣ
ӡ֮ڣǶ۾Ҷȡ纺ħ𣬼Ť£˫ͫȳħҪаɱѾγȼյĻ棬ϵغɷӡڲϼӿ졣
㾹Ȼܻҵķӡ纺һ̫⡣
纺Ϊô꣬ʲô鶼ûҷӡڴˣպøһᣬҷҵԣǷӡСѾ޷ֹǱԴ
˲䣬Ƕ۾ײе£ѳ¾ͻѾɶķӡƣֱҶȵˣȻˣҾͲߣ纺ΪһˣԿ𣿡
Ƕ۾㻹ģ
Ҷȴʱ˳ֱǶ۾һҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ҽɵۣڣ𣿡
Сӣ㻹ǰšĪ㲻ҪңŹȥǧ꣬ͽɵۣǶ۾ÿֶǷ񡢼Ц
ԣ³ǱѹǶ۾Ϊһˣɳ㿴Ϊɵģ
ͻȻҶȴ޽ӿһƬɳ֮󣬾Ȼͬ޼ʯ΢΢ų⣬չʮֹ
Ƕ۾ͱɽʬƵģһ
ҶȾȻ׾ͷ̫һֱӾͰѴɳ֮Уɳ̫һǰ磬ʧȥĴɳ𽥳Ϊɳ
ء
ʱ򣬼ϵޣƺ˯ˣظƺ۾ʣ²ִɳͣض͡

ȻҶһ֮˷ӦһǴɳֱһͰʣ´ɳ˲̹ˡ
ʯ֮ԭȻ֮ԭΪ֮أӵйɳǶ۾ӡƿأ޷룬УʯʯǸԭ
֮ԭΪصĸڣ
Ƕ۾㿴˰ɣҿմɳޣҲɣ԰ĴɳõѾǰʧȥֵգˣǶҿΪӦɵס߽ң㣬ҽɵۣһݣ
Ҷȸޣʱ򣬵Ƕ۾棬ѴɳˣֱŴңǶ۾һƣϴΣڸҶҶǵ֮ʱ
ûҵҲûн֮ԭ㲻մɳ
Ƕ۾Ԥ֮һһֱҡͷΪ̣̣Ѿʧȥʿʧȥӵӥʧȥ˳
ʵڵӡڴˣͳΪͻͣҲ˲ˡ
Ҷȼӡһɹ̫һŵʵʵſڼϣǶ۾֮·ϣĨȥһʣɽ淨Ҳǿϣﾺû뵽нɣ
Ҳģһֻ϶ᣬҪԱ
Ƕ۾֪Լ³ʲôȻһҲҪ𵤣Աһµ
ǣ̫͹ҶȵĿǰʵ
龻֣
һ޴󡢳ĵĻ龻֣˲סǶ۾Ƕ۾ɷӾû˶
ڻܶȥ֮ԭкܶ飬ƽ⣬ܶͨȫԪ֮жᣡ
Ҷ¸ӽˮ©û϶Ƕ۾Ǵ߶龻ְѹԪԪȥ֮ԭѰʱõ򵼡
Ƕ۾üֵ
ӡ
ָһץ龻ֳ׽Ƕ۾Ժ˱סҶ޽䡣
纣ڿ԰ˣȱƶ㣡Ҷתħߡ
ͻɵۣӦÿԴ֮УܣһЩģ
纺ģǶ۾׷ɱô꣬ʼĲĲһȫͱ˸ˣʾҶħ뿪ǡ
˳ȥ纺ͿʼͷűԴԣһź𵤣ڲģͬĺеһַ纺󲿷ֵģǾֹ纺ʵȥǡ
Ԧģ
֮⣬Ҷȡħ̻ϣһͬǣȴ纺ǡ
ΪĿ齫תߣҲǴߣħԿҶȶĴڣƺõʲôڣϴܸоһĶǵδܻǣϢϢأ
ҵһۿǣҲñдܣ
Ҷ֪ħʱ޷ҵϢû˵Ƿ˼
һõɴ۴У˵ҪʼһУϾɩӲһɩӱ󣬶תߴߣҪУɩֻҪ壬ɵͻٶȱ˭죬ﵽٶҲǳȣ
ħ𿪿ڣھռ䣬ɩӵı֮ģҾ;ɩӴ֮ģƺûжټ䣬Ǻ֮䡢ֻ֮ͬһڣ
㲻Ҫһһɩ
ƾǳƣʲô˵ʲôҶ
ħȻܵڨڨаһЦľѳۣûʵ˼ɩӶ⣬㻹ϴҪóɫ۷磡
Ҷ¸ˣ
ಣ
ʱ翪ʼȣΪǻΪһ⣬ʧǰ纺Ӻ
ãȥ֮ԭ˵ҳ޵ңһиĴɳԺ£ǿߣؼԸʳãܲȥɽʣͳ
Ҷһ֣ڣ㶨Ƕ۾纺ںǣ½磬ȥ壬ʣ¾Ҫ˽⡣
ȥ֮ԭ纺ܹϵ˵
ಡ
˵˾ͷɳ˺ʧȥǣʧȥ纺ķӡ֧ţϵرɡ
֮뺣ɳγ֮Уһ½أɽǸɽ綼֪Ĵڣ֮أ֮ԭţɵ۶ܽУ룬Ҳûб»ų
½ܴռ֮ʮ֮һ
½Ǻɫģ濴ǱһǺɫݰסʲôҲ涼޾ĺһһϢ޷Ӧ
֮ԭ
纺ںɫ½бǰ𣬽ţҶȡħ纺̴ճֳ
˵еأҪȥ𣿡
̸֮ԭһۣͻɵ۶̤Ľأ˭֪дɳȴ֪浽ʲôµ硣
ħοһ䣺ȻˣȻҪȥӲ£
ǾͽȥɣǶ۾֮ԭ˲ͽܣҲҪ㣬½УþͻᱻǷ֣
Ҷѵ
Ȼһ֣˾ʹӰƮ֮ԭǺɫĽ磬ûκηֱӾͽС
Ŷ
ɲǼ䣬ǰһǺɫȴŲ磬춼Ǵɳ֮࣬Ͼһɿµ߶ɳؿʼѹȶ


844 Ƕͽ
춼Ǵɳ޷ƯգԭǾֹģҶȡħ纺̳֣·оϢ̰Ծذ˵ʯ׷ӿ
Ǵɳ֮ԭǾֹģһ̲ˮ˵һ֮ԭ޷ǰһ
֮ԭдɳµĹ쾲ֲֹ֮ء
ɳɾֹ֮ϴɳ̺ԣһһϣҶƶ
ù֮ԭϴ޷һ£ǳҲһ֮ԭݺȥо޵Ϣе񣬴ɳ޹Ȼϵ
ħһʮֵس纺Ҫúܶ࣬λŮȫܶһ£ǳħĲ֮ͬ纺Ҳ󣬵ҲûгħӵеǱ޴
֮ԭǶ۾Ϣȫ֮ͬУһɿµ֮ܿԭ
纺Ȼûжͫȴ֧䲿ִɳ˶ħһȥ
ˣ̣˶ܱ̬
ĴɳһƣԸӦ壬ϰ壬ҿǰЩΪɳӦþǰЩ֮ԭɳ֮ͬγɵģ
ע⡢ɵӵĴɳ֮ʱҶĿȴȥǧסԶĺɫϣһǺʯԸ̬֮С
жʯ֮ڶֹ֮ԭô֪꣬ж˽֮ԭΪȡɳϧ֮ԭȫûһ˿ᣬǱܡסֻͣǰšʯ̬ǧͬһص㣬ÿ˱鶼ʹࡢ
ԸܵЩ˶Ŀ־塣
ʯ񣬻ЩǾ޵״вɺסеǷޡ󲿷ֶǺҲгǧ
ٲȻһ֧ɳʯĴ㲻Ĵ֮ԭһʿ
ɳɽرɽ֮ԭֱǳ޴ڡ̲ؿ֮ԭ磬Ųɵ
ںϣ
˿̣ĴɳγһƬѹȶۿҪңҶһ֣һץһ̫һγһռ䣬Σγɷռ䣬졣
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҿͷֿɺжǹռ֮Ӱ죬ӿĴɳͣڷ֮⣬ܿɢȥˣΪɳܲϢĴڡ
ħ˿òҶȵͨ׾ͻ˶޷ԸвϴҿǴɳһɿµգŵ֮ԭΪ֮أûǾأκ޷˶ʿһʹһ־״̬ϴ˵޼ʯ࣡
ܶԣ޼ʯûǴﵽ£γһųųκ֮ԭȫûɽԪأûһ˿ɳףû޷
ڳħ͸ҶǴ޳ɣħʶ޷ȵģҳеֻĪۣһʩչǾ춯أκʣ޷Ρ
Ƕ۾
һһʹӴ޽
һˣ֮ԭ׵ĴڣǶ۾ľسǰȴûʶһ߻ŵĿܣͬūࡣ
Ƕ۾ҪȵūǿԪֻ龻ֽƿ龻֣۶ܣһҶȽ⿪龻֣Ƕ۾ַӾܸû
һָǶ۾Ҷȵʵң֮ԭʲô
Ƕ۾ػش𣺡ǶţһǶ۾ץסץ֮ԭˣֲԪ֮Ϳ֮ԭ棬УÿһͽҵūʹЩͽ֮УɵۼﶼУ
Ҷȸоʲôص㣬һʣԪ֮
Ԫ֮ʯʯһͬ٣һصʯ̺̺һΪԪǶ۾񹦣̺ΪԪ֮
Ԫ֮ڴɳ֮ϵ֮ԭԴȪҲԪ֮ڴ߶
Ƕ۾ʵʵϸϸĻش
ҶʵǶжͽ
Ƕ۾һˣϣɵǧˣôд˴룬С˶βܣ𣬻ֱնɱӵɵۣʸԪӣΪͽ֮ԭһ뿪ʧȥԪ֮ԴһԪ֮ͻɢΪǣ
̲һָдû뵽صͼɽ磬ǧɵۡأǴӰءɽɵ۸֣Ϊ˴ɳ³
˵ɵ۾Ǵ˵е޴ڣ߲ɼ
־ͷ룬Ϊ˴ɳȻɽ磬޾
ͷ֮Щߣûõȥ
ϴˣӦþǶ۾˵ǶͽΪǲɵ׶У
Ȼħü˸һħ⡣
Ҷüͷһ壬ɵף֮ԭ֧֣Ҳɵ߽ʵ˼ƬʵǶ۾Щͽ֮Уɵ۸߽Ϊ
Ƕ۾ԥصɵΪǶ۾Ҫߣһɵ۾ŽףһΪɾΪߣͻƳۣΪɵʮ״Բ֮ԭ󻤷Ԫǿʯ޷ѹסˣ
ɾ
ôĸ֣װ֮ԭǱڰʯӶ棬ʧȥ˸еĹҶüëһ˲ɱ
Ȼɱɵ۾Žסʮףϴɶ뷨õ֣Ͷ֣粻ǽʥ̻ðЩɵƷھɽٴν̻ᣬЩɵȻô
аصҶڨЦҶȵƵģ硣
˵ˣ˲ţͲ˷ѣŪͽɵۣôףڸ߼ɵȥѹʥ̻ᣬ˭Ҳ
Ҷһ֣Ƕ۾ͻص޽֮У߶ͨʼգ֮ԭȥ
ԪһʯЩɶǱôɳǶ۾Ȼǲү
Ȼ֮£һƬʯϿշɹЩʯ񣬾˲ϧ꣬ĥѲ޵ߴڣȴ³
ء
Ź˼ҶȼϵޣͺȻǰһ
ˣ
̻ޣͨ籨š
Ȼ˴룡
ĺˣӵû˿ϢĿŵײС壬ͬǶֻ
ৡ
ǶͽѹѹطΪ֮٣Ҷ˷γɰΧȦ

ʮ߽мɵۣ˶¹һɵһʯ̶ɵı֮ϣĿ罣޳һ۾ǳ֮۶ɣҫۡ


845 ɱ仨ˮ
˶ڱ֮ϣΡȻǶͽΨΨŵŵĿӸҶȡħ纺ϣȻһ˿Цݣ֮ԭˣԽԽˡ
ˣ׸󻤷ˣӾͺùˣӣӵݣպ׸ˣһһλߣþûгֹף
һɵ۵ͽͽǰһյ˵ͷĿһ֪Ǻö
Ц
ЩǶͽ٣֮ԭǸ߿յĴɳȻû˿仯ƯƺһǶͽһ˿Ӧ
һȺСආϴǣֱɱȥħʲôˣݶԷ˵Լһ˵Ļ
ǶҪ֣Դڳͷ֮һףͻʮףδɵۼ֣йʵ൱ĶսպЩɵжνݣʺ֣
Ҷħ𻺻ͷֶ纺˵һ䣬㸧żϵޣһһֱɷǶͽӪ
ǱϵȻ°ͣȻһȣ⼸й졭ô֮꣬ԭȥ磬ǶϵģɱСӣ

̫˶ץסҶȣһˣʮΪһץһǺɫıһǺڽ
ݡ
һʱ֮䣬մɳʼܵǺڽĶڿ񱼣ΪֲŽҶ
ԲѷÿһˣҪ
Ҷ۾ݲɳӣЩǶͽҶ纺̳ԿϷעһˡ
ͽСӣҪΪ֮ܽԭΪҰ֮أ㻹֪ĿֲϣǶ۾ͽ֮ԭףκﶼ޷ʩչǾߣ
˼ԦһööԵǺڽȻɳ֮ͬԴͬվڽ֮ϣӶǺڱˣʵѾԽﵽɵһ¡
Ҳ˲ˣȥţҲһϯ֮صģ
ЩܴûΪʯ񣬶һţֱǶ۾ԪԪ֮֮ԭȫͲɽѹƣʮףʮ׵ʵ
صʯԪ֮Ԫ֮ԭȫȻγһȸɽ磬ɽȻкܶ飡
ڶԷ߶ʩչʱҶȾѿԷԷӦþԪ֮
ɳɽ磬ǳ۶޷ֻƷ;ͬ޼ʯһߣ޼ʯҲǳ޷УǬ⣿дɳ⣬˵ҵ̫һ
ҶȻʱʱǬû취Σգ˵ôͨ·ɱҶһֱ취ҪԸˣʱʱ˯Ҳȡ
򽣹Ԫǳ䣡
ͻȻٶȣŴɳͬŵĺɫ
䣡
ʱҶȾȻԭһվٿسǰֱһ֮ϣһɿֲӣͰѶԷøɸɾΪһ߸ʬڵĴ֮С
ɱ˲գۣҶȿȻֹͣĽޣЩޣ𣿡
أ
ޱһûɣҶһʣ˲֪Ҷ˵ʲôСβһڣٿһͳڴǺɫǰֱſǿɰཱུС죬һööſ͡
ꡢꡫ
޶ϡ޳ԵýζǻŵĺЩ߲ܣֻҪгԵģ͸ˣҡСβͣģˡ
һ̰ԴԻҶ𰡣Ů˻Ҫѣ
㡭㡭㾹ȻԪ֮
ӱ֮ϣһԾŵû£ΪɵۣȻóҶжôֲʵ
ؼһ㣬֮ԭĵ̣Ԫ֮һΣ˾ȻգԦ
о֮ԭˡ

ǶͽǼ򵥻ɫ䲻ɵۣǼҶֶͨΣһȻԵԪ֮ɳĽһС޷Կ
ɲ˾ŵɱɱɱ
ɱ
˴˲䳯Ҷһɱ
ʥǹ
һϤĹʥǹУҶϷ𵭵ЦݣָоǺ죬ͬȾ硢߶սͬܣսǿߣûָо
䣡
Ҷʧˣԭһռ䶼ڲ
ͣ
գ֮ʱҶȾһʮ֮⣬һǹ̳ǰһ߽ǿߣԦĺɫײ԰ѽݻ٣һǹš
һǹ᳤̳磬һǹʹ̴ͷ­͵ǹʥǹ֮ϵƣЩǶͽһ£˲÷顣
ýҲý޼ս
߶ֵĹʥǹ˲˸ʥ⣬˲仯Ϊһɹɿֲ׹⣬޼ս
ݡ
Ƕͽһǲڶ֪꣬ɱˣһǹ֣ͬ˹
ҶȻӶ޼սֻһ׹⽣৵ش̳һööǺڽֱ÷飬ݿɨһǶͽ˲һԵء
ŷһӳʱƹƹžž飬ԹһˣͲһƬʬ塣
˽׾ǲ֣ͬʩչ̫ͬͨȷˣ˻ƣ
ͻȻһһž׵ͨˣ˻ơ
޼ս˻ƶ޼˻ͨս̬޼˻׵ķ
ǲǾ㳢ζ
Ҷʩչ˻ƣ˸°׹ס޼սͷհ׹⽣
ȣ
߳߳
߶ԴԴϵɱηǶͽҶһƶһģȻѸһץֻǰʮǶͽʱͱ׹ͬһֱӱյûΪ̿
ݡ
ֶҷһȺ֮ͽһݺɨ̩ͬɽѹ˲ǹ÷飬նǵԪһǶͽȫûҶƥе
һҲûС
޼ս˻ƾǷͬ죬ڡҾҪʩչԪȻͨʩչξжôף
ͨһһʩչҶҪʩչ޵˴ԪһŹѾԽɵ״̬
ԪһŴûоĹ̬һУκʽκ̬ͨڻͨ
ɱ
ˣҶɱ˹룬ʣһˣȻɱ
Ԫƿأ
߶̫һվǻһƴ
ٿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮΪﵽ˽׵ǶͽȻͣһ޷Χûʲôʵʵǣ·һεǴ֮Уƿš

ҶȵһЦ
ʱЩǶͽ֪ôһʱվͳһƣֻҶָһץһƾͺݺݵץЩԴ֮ϡ
һƣͰشӶԷͷ­ϣȫ˲ûͳͳΪʬ
еȻҶ


846 ֻ
䣡
һ߾߸ʬʧȥڴأҳһȦȦ
Щ˵֪ζҶǿ֮ͨ£ʮҲһѡ
Ԫ֮
ôǿ󣬵̺Ԫ֮ȴҶϲ⣺ȻԶһߣ֮ӵеҪǿҲңҪǱˣ޷ѹ֮ԭ裡
壬ͱ̫һںϣԪ֮ӵɳ߰˰ͬԪ֮һֲֿѸӦԼֻԪſԴ߶Ԫ֮
̫һո־ɣ޷Ԫ֮Ԫ֮һ壬ͻƽʯ֮У޷һԪ֮޷С
ǶͽΪǶ۾ֲԪ֮һ㣬ԶؿǣңǶ۾Ԫ߹ԶԪ֮ƣΪūԶԶ֮ԭ
һ˲˶ù
ʮף̺ͨԪ֮ѹƴɳǱ˱̬
һ˾˿ֲ
ʬ廩׹䣬˴ԽԽ٣ʬԽԽֻ࣬ʣ¶ʮˣŵһ޷ӦˣҶǰֶΣɱȥҲѣǶͽǲ޴
治
ˣЩŵ˫ڷǺɵۣλɵɵŵöſ
ɱ˲գۣҶɱ˸˵ɱˣɣֱħ
ҪɱǣȲѣƵģ
ʣ¼ʮˣҶȶ˲ʱͨһҶȹ£ʵײ£޿ֻš
˵ǶҪҪɱˣţҲڽǣİɣҲնǵǻ
˵֮䣬ҶȾй٣Ԫһʩչ޷͸ֶܵΣȸʩչָ̫ſռͨܣָ̫չ̬Ԫεƿͨ޷ĹֶΡ
ɱɱǶħ
˭֪ŵùǺˣҶû˿ɣҪǳ֣һ˲䷴ǣָײĿ⣬ȫ߶ĴɳںǺڽ֮УҪȫҶնɱ
ಡ
Ǹնһλһֻֻ־ʹǺץסһſͷ­ৼ£øɸɾ䡣
ˣ
ʣɵۣΪ˹˾ٸ£ŻͳͳҶնɱΪɵۣȻóҶ߲ƣʱͷҪ
ڰ׾
ҶҪʩչһͨˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ԫӿ
ɵѾɳ֮ңҶһݣһȼյףƿ籩ڵĿռ䡣

죬ɵ۹Ȼǲ򵥵װ߶ǿԪ֮γɷֿףǣ̺̫֮һɵ۷ͱơ
յɵۣĸͣܿͻΪһ׹ǡ
ϧҶҪڰ׾յ˿ʣľ߰׹ǣҲػΪ
ȥǶŴӪ
ˣҶҲޣһͣħ纺Ѿɹ
˳֮ԭȥƺǶͽѷ쳣ڲӿ
ϴû뵽ǧ겻ϴֶԽԽɱĻƹϡϲ࣬һͨϡﻩˣ
һɹϢǧ֮࣬ǶŵͽۼȴҶˣħ𿴵Ӧ춯˿ںҶȿЦ
ҶҲһϡƽȻһʣҲûɵ׶Կۣʲôʱսףսкܶഫţ
ϴսѾһһƳĴڣں֮УҶԸһСආûҪôڰɣ

Ҳ֪ǰţսֻǰļս׺ʱͲһɱԴԣһõɴ۹Ȼʵ죬Ȼа취ܰΪ

ɴ۵ҶᣬɴƳɲһֶΣ֤ɴ۵ʵôǧͼԱһ¾͸ֱס
˷ѾѪֻѴǧͼƳɰԽʮƷľһδƳΪɴȴˡ
ħаЦɴ۴оͺҪҽһֶΣΪ󣬿ܾڼӣʱ򣬶Ҫѻ̫ʼԴŤ
öǿߣ
ȻһĿͱǰһɫɽ𺳵˫ͫǾ
ɽֻʯһͻأشӵ֮ԭΨһһ޴ɽ塣
ھɽ֮ϣһǷ䳲ǶͽӶ֮зɳγɾɱ֮ƣѹ
ҪΪӪڱ֮ϵߣƿˣȻǶ۾˵𻤷
һɵ۾ŽΪһɵʮ״Բɾ
ǳǶ۾߸ϵһ֮֮ϣŽˣƺƵѹȶ
ⷬŵɫ԰ˣħȴΪһȺӳϷ
ǻǲҪ֣Ҫ߽ǿߣúý֣ĥͨʺֵĶ󣡡
Ҷ˵ˣ
ħ纺ûִ
أ
޺ȻҪƵģصؽһԲַؼн࣬̿ѡ
ɱҪǸңҿҪúʰ㡭
ҶȿɲǴĸḸһᣬ޾ʵʵŲû۾֪ɶ顣
ǵʲôˣ
һ֮ǰ
ҶȻطӶȥơ纺̶ԭصȴţʮֵģ纺˿ݡ
Ƕ۾£ɾ
գ֮ԭѹƣҶȸֶȻ˺ֱӺˣڱ֮ϣ
һ֮üĿ˺ԾͿǹɾеϢӵ߾ˣŻӵеϢҴ˼Ԫ֮ҲһѰɵδеơ
ұǸ꣬һͷģϸȻһӣвǣ˾Ȼȥ˫ۣȥ˫ţֻʣһ˫֣ˣƣҲ籩ڿռӿ
˶ͨɫ
Ϲ俪ڣСӣֱ䣬ѾһɱǶͽˣ˻л·
ɣʵйɾǾͲϻҪƷңǻɱҿԡֻ
Ҷֱ⣬ɵۣкǺѹѹһЦǻΪҵˣ
ɾһŭĲСӣ
һɵʵΣǶ֣ûۣһ÷ڶ֮ǰңΪ֮ԭж磿
ʳؼ⡣


847 սɾ

һʣҶȴЦ֪𰸣ܼ򵥣ֻҪҽ֮ͻ֪ģ
֣㲻㣬Ǳȳ֣Сӣ
ɾߣ˵ͰԵںǿÿռ䶼ڶ
ãһʼָֽ֣˼
ҶȰһ£ʹ߶̫һִ߶ԪһɹһץȻһǺɫĹʥǹ
ȻʹԪ֮
Ǻɫʥǹ֣ɾǿߣ޷ǰʵΪԪ֮ǣٱա
ɣɾ
ҶȻӶԪ֮Ĺʥǹʼսǿ߲ÿһųɾɵ֮ġ
֣ܻ֮λҲмˣ죬ҾͲ۾˲ڣҲûȤ
û˫ȣ۾ҲϹ΢΢һѹƶ˺ǧײͣΪһΡ
ᦣ
ɾ˫һϣͳһɫᦣȫǺɫ֮ϻһѱһΪķ
֮ԭԪ֮κη޷ʹãɾɣᦣǰʹõķģ
˼ʮɣ룬˲ɱҶȴ壬սȫܽս顣
Ȼǽоʵ֮ϣһˣԼǿʮǿߣŵû˵ġ
Ȼ֮ԭ˽⣬СӣҪ㣬Ԫ񣬻Ϊ壬Ȼ˵
ɾһаӡҩɾǰڵǿߣ֮УҲų۰ӶᦣѾܾδ˶֣Сӣֵñ֣ǰõķǳۣҵĶ֣
ͻͻ
һ˵꣬ȻͻӶǰʮᦣϧԪ֮ķֻʵʵ壬ʧȥ󲿷ͨһѡ
ŹɾѸ͹ᦾȻдɳ˿ռͬںϷ򣬿֧һȫƿص

Ҷȴʱ񼦵ԼµĴţӶʥǹɵʵʼֳҶٶȡ
ವһ£ѹȹ£ܶȥ

صգɾû뵽ҶȾȻ֮ԭӦԼ£ܵκӰ졣
һʥǹǴմ̳ɾҲٶȼ죬ɾܡ
ȷû㡣
һɫף֮⣬Ǻɫʥǹҫۣش֮ϣùɾ趯෴Ҷȴɾʮɵ۵ķֱӺˣйʥǹһ顣
Ϊ̫ʮסûȫΪľ磬ļߣɵͬɵۿʼİʼ֮ӵз
ǿߣɾչֳ֮ԭĲطѹƣӳɵʮ׵ܡ
ֻǷҶĹʥǹ飬Ԫ֮ɣҲǳļӲԵɾȫ·硣
ݡ
ɾֳᦣսתڲϺ˵ҶȣЦ񷣬һָϧˣţҲǵ۹үһڸͷ
Ԫ֮ȫ֡
ףҶȲͣоһ飬Ӳģһʧ֣ҶȲûһ˿˻һץ޼սˡ
ң޼սõĲԪ֮޼˻ףҶ
Ŷ
ɾĿȻ޼ս֮ϣΪ޼ս֣ɳȲų⣬Ҳѹƣʹ֮ԭԪ֮Ȼ
ʲô
֣СӴжߣҪսپǶʲôأ۾ûӹ
󷽣ϵ˵
Сӣܲ٣ܽɣ
䡭
ɾԭһ̤ͷųֲ֮ԭȫͬţ˳ˣĿռ䣬ƺΪɾ򣬲ϵӿдɳʼֹͣ˶
ռ䣬һɳδһ£ֻйɾᦣһҶȡ
ܶˣǿ򣬲ⲻǵ򣬶ǹɾԪ֮󣬽ԼںԪ֮֮ԭĴڷ̺Ŀֲƿ
Ҷȴʱоڱ֮УһУ޷͸оԳۣƿؿռ䣬ÿռ䣬ͷͨ
ɵʮ״ԲɾѾżϧɽҪͻƣܣο֮ԭ
ţܶţҶһһûٻųȥСӣ־־壬úܲңΪҪ
꣡
ɾǿֱͨƿգȻһͰϱ׼Ҷüģ
ô죿
̾һ
õģϴ˵С˼㿴ŰɣϴҪֶΣħ΢΢һ
컯ȭ
һʽ
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿ЦȻһ£ͻͻͻ£忪ʼǿгɾƿͨȻϢƺˣɾֲһϮʱҶȺȻһȭ뽣ײһ
ʥĹâ˲䱬
䣡
Ҷͬһ壬컯ȭƲ죬ȴǱ飬Ҳʥ£һһ顣
ɶ񣡣ᣡ
ɾ飬̴߶һɹԪ֮ӿں֮󣬴鿪ʼ¾ۼ
ڶʽ죡
ʽԵʽ޵Сʽ졭
һҶȾ컯ȭڶʽʽɲǶĿʥҫ̵ùɾ޷ۡ
ǿԣߣ
컯ȭҶȴ߶̫ɣ̫һԭԭζ컯ȭʩչߵ̫չֳһȭͰᦺϡá
ɾһҶ̺ͨȻߣһߣǸʱǼΪټġ
ȭȥÿһȭᦣɾʵǿһΣʹ߶Ԫۣ֮ȫռϷ磬ҶٰԵ컯ȭ޷޴ѹ
Ӱ
ɾˣ
ӶᦣʱֳһᦣתиκμӲʣͬӰҶѸΧ
컯ȭ
ҶȻǿͨ컯ȭֶͨΣһֱʹãΪ޷ӳ컯ȭУһͨǿ֪Ǿͺףӵо䱦
컯ȭ伸£Ͱһᦺ飬ԭ֮ҶΪлṥɾִ֪߶ᦣƵҶˣʵ˸߶ȣͲҶаִϢᡣ
Ҳûпɾԡ
ɵʮ״ԲΪɵ֮Уվ۷Ĵڣ˳ۣǾԵľͷϹɾԪ֮ԭ߶Ԫ֮ȫ׼ްԡ


848 
սѾﵽҹ
Ƕһǳħ纺̶ڱⳡĶǶעĿš
Ϊ֮ԭƿأҶɾûм춯أÿһͷţ֮ԭѹ
ǿٻ۾ٻ۾
ǶŴͽɾһֱƣռϷ磬Ҷ绢ֶβʩչʱԽЩǶͽڻ׷׿ʼóǶ׷ɱʼٻǶ۾ع顣
Ƕ۾ĿУΨһ޵дڡ
֣ȻСߣҲߣ´ӣ
ϵǸϹ˫ۣȴøƵģ̺ŴͨһֱעҶһһ
죡
֮ԭϿգ
ɾʹҶȽ֣Ԫ֮һּһɶ೤ᣬҶѹҶʩչ컯ȭһȭͰɵʮ÷顣
ƣ
ڣɾʧȥԣ
棬ղٴɳ֯һںԪ֮ƤΪԪɫٿȻΪֱ߸ߵ趯ȼյĺɫףϵر䶯
ŶòȻͬݲһս⣬˼ҶҲ̴߶ԪҪʩչͨԸɾ
䣬ɾͷŵս⣬ҶȾ뵽ȫ̵ܽĶݣʩչ̣ܵս䣬ͷųֲս⣬һ㳣޷գû뵽ӵŨսǿߡ
ǳƣ޷ս⣬նпԡ
ɾҿɲװʩչֶΣٺ٣Ϊǿֲڰ׾û
ҪжѹƶԷҶȹϵش߶Ԫ󣬼ǿʢڰ׾˲ֳ

׸OO@@ֱӴճɾΧ£ͷŵս⣬̼ĦײǺڰȻûĵԣǵҲѹɵԼԵĴڣͬˮһܼԾͰѹɾѹ
ƣ֮ŭ
ɾŵùǺʵû뵽Ҷӵ˿ϾʵĪ⣬ԶҶ֮ϣٴǿʢս⣬Ͱ𿪣ͫ⣬ͻȻһƾֱӴֳ޷ٶȡ
䡭
һױԵ˺ֳŭĹɾ
˻ƣ
Ҷһɾ֮˶Ʒ׹ս⣬ʱһ

ҶǿһƣǴ߶޼˻׵ıԴҲǵǿ󣬵ǹɾΪߣԽҶ̫࣬Եսƽ׹֮ҶǱɳȥ
ʱɾüͷһᣬֱۣһ׹⹥ڲ
߳߳
׹Źɾ߶Ԫ֮Ͱ׹˳ȥڿзһɢ׹ʧ
⵽ʲôԪ֮Ҫѹƣɾоֱ۷飬޷׹Ѿƻ˾Ѫ⡣
ף
ͻȻҶȱɵķͻȻһɿµ־Ϊ˸ףһΪ֮ûκƣֱӺֱԽ
ܣһССΪλӵгԽɵ۵־
־κ֮ͨУΪǿģ־ûκεϢûκβ˵
ɾʩչʮɵ۵ĳͨȻ໥һץͰԼڿռԱ߿ռ以
ͨƶռ䣬ռŲƣ
Ǻܶ˶˼ɾڵĿռ䣬һ˲ͻˣҶ־ף͹֮ա
־ᣡ
ɾҲ߶־ɵʮԪͷڣɲǼ䣬һ־ͻΪᦣ޵سǰԽȥ
ͻͻͻ
Ƭգܿ쿪ʼ𵴡

˶ΪҶȴܲңɾ־ⲻ֪һӰسڹɾ󷽣һȥ

˶޷ӦǹɾӦת֣öּס˲Ҷڿռ
ɾȻǿԪΪҲ춯أǿߣɽٺ٣֮ԭӦøǿ󣡡
ҶȺȻһЦͬ죬ԻΣһ°ɣңһۣ
һҶ֪䣡
Ȼһ䣬Ǿ˷ŭҶȾһɨ
䣡
ʵͻȻһŴͨҶȼڷȴҲǱأߡ
֣㲻ó֣
ɾһ࣬ɳӿ֮£ԦΣƯţɳ࣬ںա
ЦģòСӣЩôң۾֪ȥ˺δǶҪˣҾͲˣ۾ֶΣܣ
úã֣֣ҲҪøǿͨڰ׾
ҶͻȻշһǱɫ԰ףǻȷʵȣȻ壬Цݣû֪Цʲô
ৡ
ܼڰ׾Ϊףγɺ׺˷һ˿϶ɵΧ£ѹ
СӣҪɱ㣬ǲԣ̫ţȷֶΣǡֻҪԪˣװΧһ£ͱ׸ʴ֪ΪιɾҶû취
ֹ˭öԸ
֮չܰɣնɱһЩ֥ɵۣʲôգҪúʩչڰľͨ
Ư׷ϿգҶȻһץһɳĺڽɫ֮ᣬڴ޼˻ӿС
ãͻƳȥ
ɾ֮˾ֳδйĲ
ˣ֮
ҶʲôˣȻһ˿ϢᣬҪ뿪֮ҪԸ֣̫ȫ߶֮֡
¡
߳߳
֮֮ϣ֮ͱװĺԪҪͷţ֮޴ƻʼ֣ѷֱ飬Ҫɵ
׹ɵۣŤð£ʹֵش߶ȫзɳǻ㼯֮ԭĿ׷޷ֹ
֮⣬γһ̲ݵķ
õķǽԣ
Ҷץסᣬ߶ڸӰӶ֮׮һһΣһһڷ֮ϡ
䡫
֮ɢҶϼУ֮޷ҲǾ춯ء
ɾɵеĳڣһ߽ɵۣһܻɢֱ䣬ɵʮף崸ҲҪˣǹɾķʵǹ
Ҷȫûֵӣ֮ǰôസ֮û˵ֱԴֻ˵ǿѾﵽǳֲزһٴΣҲɱɵ۸֡
ɱȴʩչ֮ɵ۳״޷֣ʧȥƢװװ


849 շɾ
ϻ
һĻʵڵ߸ǶͽϣĿУɾ޵УӽǶ۾Ĵڡ
ȴСˣݺѹ޷ֻܷ˶ꡢ
෴ɵۣ˰ҶȾΪˡ
Ҷʵ̫ˣһ磬СΪսɵۣӽ۵ĴڣȫƿءѹƣԾֶͨΣɵۺ޷֮
ǿ
̫ǿˣ
ϴ󣡣
ʱħ𡢱̣纺Զ𽥷ȫûǰǶͽ
ħЦϴ˰ɣҪɱǣ޶־ˣ֤һ
أ
ȻҶȼϵޣƺ仰˼̾;ҶȶͿɰҡβͽл
Ҳˡûʵܴǣ
Ҷȼ˵һȣý񾭣и֮Ϊһŷӡں·׷֮Уɵ۸֣ȻûˣԪܵشҲͬСɡ
Ҷֹ֮ͣǿ߻ȫֿۣҶ÷Ӧٶۣľ
ƣ
ɵ۱Ͼɵۣ۷ɵۣһǹӷ֮ڳȻҶȲõķӡһѷ죬Ҷϲ֣ԱһӰһһƾͰѸҪɳĹɾѹڷӡ֮Уá
֮ˣǳħ
ֻһƣָѹοֲͰɵѹڳħ˵̫СƣֶΣֻûбƵ򳬼۶նɱû취ɵۣǰëë档
ǵ˭˺ѷεˡ
ʲôˣֻǰǶ۾ѹ˶ѣλѵø֣ǿǵľ֧ʲô³Ƕ۾ɣ
ҶһǶ۾ʹֳһ´멣ں֮ԭ̾һɱԴ֮ӿ
֮ԭƿߡ
۾۾ˣ
ɾǶ۾֣˫ϥ¹ͷȡ
ǣĿеϣȴû˿Ӧ
ɵۻ侲ƺ޷ǰ࣬ɾ㡭㣬ѵ۾ôˣѵԪ񣿲ܣôѹ۾
ǧǰǶ۾뿪֮ԭѱѹֻڣҲʵɱѣ
ҶָǶ۾һץ˾ͽģһƿߣҶͨǰҶȸȥ˲ţѵõ˲ţǰ֮ˣǶ۾ûδҵδȴңԶңǲԽۣҲǳ룡
֣
ɾóҶƿǶ۾ңҶȽֶٸغϣȫ޷ѹҶȣҶʵͶأߣӵе֮ɰܵķڷ
ĿתƵϡ
Ĭ죬зϵȫʧȥɵ֮ؿɾ󻤷֮λ໥ҲһȲѣηǶۿ˫ȣŪϹ˫ۣᣬͶǶ۾£ݹͷƣˣ֣˸־
꣡
˲䣬Ȼ䲻⣬˭Ҳû뵽ľд߶ֱ𵤣ȻԪԪʶ˲㻯Ϊ̳忪ʼӿʺѪҺ
ˣ
һᣬ˵ڵأðѪĭӡ
αˣ
ɾҡҡͷ˸УһߣͫȻʪҲ˲Ϊѡס
ǿϧһѵõĸ֣Ҳͦߣ˸־ҲҪģ鳾ŵʱ޷뿪֮ԭҾԸ
ԭҪ£ǿߣǽ֣һǶĥһǶԼϿɣ˭֪ѡ˶֮;ҶҲ겻ѣϾһòеɵ۷ǿߡ
ָһһʬ壬գ뿪֮ԭ硣
ҶУɾǶ۾ͷ֮Щһܾġϵ˫ĥ
ʱһĽѡ
ħͻȻа䳰һϴҲ̫ȱΪˣЩ˿ɶŮ֪ɱ˶ٽ֮ԭˣ
ҶȵͷҲ˲ţɾͬĵĺȹ̣ҲԪ֮ȫںϽ𵤣Ƕ۾ԪҲ޷ѹ㣬ϣĿųԶһ㣬вף㻹кܶˣ
Ӧˣˣ֪ɾϵѡ
һܴҳħ𣬵̫ʼðܾ裬ҲѡĨӱСӣǸѡϴǸ˲ţħ˿˼ɾʱ飬˵棬ͷȣʱѡ
ħٿˣΪһۣῴˡ
ܺãΪϣһԪֲҵͨģһ⿪ӡ
龻֣
õħͬҶȸӷģ²˿иʩչ龻֣ӿɾԪ
ɾûзһǾ·һ
һ֣龻ֹ⻷ʧȥҶȸֶڳħѾɿǿƿùɾɳ
շһӵвͨǱĲ£Ҷȸ˵ȻվߣȻҪ޴֮ԭɾƳΪıΣ
⡭
֮ԭƳΪɾŶ䣬ȫһģ
ҶֿħޱȵĹɾҪ֮ԭƳΪıҪԪ״ڸ㣬ӴԺɽ磬ֻһԪ֮ĴߣԪĴߣ
ˣ
ɾ֪ʲôóϷضҶȹ
ҶҲο£ĲҪԷŻʵΪԼ£ҶȹϵƣԺ֣Ͱ֮ԭɾںϣҪǿߣԽԽãһ֮޷֮ԭ
Ҫ֮ԭԭǲܵģϴƿԪ֮ƿκֻҪѹҾͿԶƣƱ£Ҫ֮ԭƳΪһ׵ķҪΪ
Ҳ򵥣ۣһˣ
Һɽ磬Ǿɽ磬Ҫ֮ԭҪʵЩǿĳۣĸӵзѰı
һһħȫУɵ£ȻһС£ڼ䣬ƽ⡣
ɾȻվһԲ˵ҶȵΧ֪Ҷȵһôء
ĹһᣬҶҪ޴ɽʵɾǶ۾ѳΪȥ֮ԭҪĿģõЩɳʣµģҵ֮ԭܣҲǴ˵еһʯԪ飬Լ


850 ش
ɾʵʵϵػش𣺡ˣЩ¶ǶɽɽۣҲǶ۾һֱֻһܽ룬˵ǽأ
أҶħһ㶡
ÿһǶ۾ڽرչأˣ޷߿գֻǶ۾죬ܽ룬أӦþ֮ԭڣ
ɾ˵ͨ󣬼ȻƷǶ۾һõԪǶ۾˵ڶ㣬ܽأ
ҶȵʲôԪκǰΣͳͳʧ͸·
ҶһأɾͲٵģ֮ʱȴָǽ֪ǶͽʵЩͽô죿
ȥ԰ΪãʱһıԪ֮ܳȥɽ磬ЩҲû⣬ĲѣЩƵǶͽҶҡҡͷ
ãһѡˣˣߣ
ɾʩչԪ֮һץıͻΪһԪ֮ʯɾӭ̤棬ʹ߶ϵسɫǶɽ۷ȥ
ء
У޺Ȼɽ۽ԺܻԾƺʲôɽ֮š
ڣʮԪ֮ʯɽ·һǹ磬赲ǰ޷ԽһɾܣˣǽطҪԪڶķȥ߶ܽУ
̫һɣ
Ҷֱӷ𣬻һ̫һͻΪӿ磬޴ʼս
⡭
һĻɾ𾪵˵Ԫ֮ǿ󣬹죬ģ̺صԿκˣҶӵеֱͳͳ롣
ɾУֻһ֣
ಡ
Щص̫һ־٣ǲ𵤣ȻҲ֮ԭ֮ԭʱҾ򲿷ַͻơɵʱͳˣ
Ƕɽ޴ĽȻҶȻڣǶô˼ͨ纺ûжݣɾ̣ҶȵħϹŹ
һ£֮ԭڶ꣬ӵж
Ҷ̫̫ͣղ˴󲿷ȻɶʱҶȾѾֹͣһٲͻɵۣѾκ
ħҶߣȥɣʲô⣡
ͬ⣬ɶĽ֮С
գ֮䣬һݻɽķ洦ǰʲô׵ĵǷ棬ֱֲصķ档
ڷգֻƯһôɳɵķ̳ڷ̳֮УһҫǹͬƯڰգ͸һǿʢԡ
Ĵɾȥ̳
ҶôԼȥתһתȻŹɾ̳
̳֮ϣͼֵҩʬѵضǣϧ֮ԭѹϳãʧȥԣΪֻвֵҩУһǺɫҶɾĿ⡣
Ϊ֮ڣͷŹԪ֮Ϣ
ಣ
ҶȻһץУʱǿӿģصϵעڣҶȻְ򽻸ɾԪ򵥣Ļ

ɾȻ֪ʲô֣˫ֲԪõоȻ뿪֮ԭıû뵽ıҶȾˡ
һֱе磬Ҳ֪ΪΡһȻԼĴɽ֮У
ҶɻԼ䣬̿ϷƯǹҫеԣܶ౶ңڲ̳֮ϵʯԶǺܴ͸ŵǹԣʵھˡ
Ҫںʯ
һҶȾʯ򵥣Ԫʮ֮УҲֻ֮һʮõԪǶ۾δʯ֮뿪֮ԭҲпԡȰʯ壬ʱѹ
лˣɾȻ̫õʯΪʯԪģҲ֮ԭ֧ŵ㣬ʧȥʯ֮ԭãͻ˥ߣʧ
£ڹɾ˵νǴգҶ£õĺôѾ޷ԭΪҶȻõһУ˽ˡ
Ȼɾϧҡҡͷ֪ҶȵҲͲɱˡ
ͬĴڣͬľͬѡ
أ
Ҷȴʱ̳һغ󷽣޾һֱڷؽ̳룬һʲô
ҶǰǾ޴Ħײγأڵײżʧȥԣʯͷ
ء
ʯͷ֣޾͸
Щʯͷм仹һʯʯѲСĶ޵ǰЩʯͷ֮УԪʯɽ֮ϣγ֮ԭǶ۾õ
ʯͷҶȾʹˣЩʯͷ֮ϣͬϢȻǿңʮ־ˡ
ǷӡƬ
ϸӦЩʯͷϢѾΧκȻʯͷ棬һѾΪǺڵķӡģһһʵʣΪӡںͨ޴Ĺʯӡ
ڣЩʯͷ㶼հɣ
ҶޣڵõҶʿɣ޾һβͣٿʯ֮УʼʯѣſʯͷڵĹ
ЩķӡƬһ
ҶȿʼռɢΧķӡƬۼȻ߶ѷʴΧעԽӡƬ

ͻȻڷӡƬ֮У֮ľȻҶ޷ڶ
һ֮ܵ˹ʯѣȻԣκʣ÷ӡӡʯѣ漴ãҾ䣬ŷӡʱ֮Укú÷ӡʯѣԽκޣɳ»һмǣмǡ
ΪҪʧԪҵһͨϣߣúȥɣʯұıԪ

ķӡƬʧͳ飬Ϊ˳
ȻһϧʬʧˣȻ
ҶȻվʲôûõ̰ޣüҪɵޡʲôޣ
ˣʯѱ룬֮ԭǧ꣬ͻ᳹ʧȥԴΪ棡
ʱɾˣ
ںʯƲ֪ǿٱ֮ԭȫںһ𣬺ɳ
֮ԭ֮
ܺãղͨһЩĲ֪ԪһΪԴһ磬ɵۼĴڣʯñԪɵϱ
ҶȰԼȡһУޱ߹ɾޣ֪ûҪ߹ɾ


851 ֮ԭ

ɾؼסλΰ
ҶȿϿգ֮ԭ磬Ȼϡ٣ڻظı䣺֮ԭɲܿݽߣһҪΪΪ֮ںƳһ׵ķ
лˣɾҶߵԽԽ޷Ҷȣ̫أֶ̫ΣǱĬ׳ħ˵ҡ
ʼգȻʱ䲻̫Ҷȴδߺһ䣬ûаˣūƵģһжȻ
Ҷռɳ
˿̣ҶתͷŸӦ͸Ӧħ纺ռɳɳϾѵá
ɾһں֮ԭдɳһʺУһ棬ںԪ֮ʺϣ
ҾΪ㣬עһرıԪ֮ɵںԪʯɽ磡
֮ԭһƬž
Ҷͷһʥ⣬ıռɾҶȣͷзӡҶָһһԪ֮ϢҲһɿںϢ˲ӿɾ塣
֮Уں̫һһ˿˿Ǿںɾ֮ӽ𵤿ʼں̫һȫԪ֮ͻ᳹׸ı䣬Ҳܡ
ȻɾܿͷðһȦȦаѪԭƿصĴɳҲΡȻϢƣһӵһ˿̫һ֮а
ǹɾĴˣ
㲻Ҷӵе̫һɾӴԺ󣬲Ԫ֮ĴУҶȵɾͣѳԽκţĲҶȰ£ɢ貹â
Ҷ˲ɾȻҲΪԼɾǿߣ䲻ǳۣӵвǱӵ޳ɳȥĿܣпͷδЩۣжͷûδ
һɾԶԶ
Һõʱڳͷ֮磬ʦؽ౦ۡµķḻ֪ʶԼۣؼмʶĳƣҪ֮ԭ⣬ֻǹʮҪˣ
ڹɾԪ֮ʱҶãã֮ԭҪһ磬Ϊһ󹤳̣ɵ۸ǳۣĳۡ
ؽ౦ڴˣСС֮ԭͲʲôˣϣһ԰֮ԭƳΪ
ҶȡҪ޴󹤳̣ȻܣǾؽ౦۲һǰ㣬ֻϰң
ء
֪ʲôʱʯϵСβͷʮغһ
ҶתһôʯʯȻһ˿ʣΪһʧȥʣѾȫûмֵ
£
ʯҶҪգȡԣ̫̫ѣޣŶãøɸɾҶҡҡͷƼҲȲʮ֮һСС̺ͨƽ۶Ȳϡ
һȻ
޵̫һʮ񣬲̫һٶȺ⵱ȻҶΪ̫һۻٶȾͲ˼飬޲ôһȴѾԽۡ
ҺޣܵҵԼȻȥ治᳤֪ʲô𣡡
Ҷǲȥ޽ǺεȴڣʲôڣǳֲĹ̥
ϴǶˣûɶ⣬˴ɳʣ¾һЩʣʯŶȥ볬ףǳ
ʱħΪһӰѹѹطԾ纺̴һ˲Ҷҡ
о޴ջ̣ξȻĴɳܲˣִӴ֮һɵ۶Ȳһصڣһɡ
֮ԭ
Ҷƶһۣһ׵顣
ʱɾ˼߹֪Ҷ˶ڵ
ҶóһЩӽУ̺ԪƵȻȥЩǶͽˣϣ
Լ칦򣬹ɾͻˣǶŵ˶ˣЩ˷ԪӣηҶȣηǶ۾Ҫ༸֡
ǳȥɣ
ҶͷһŽˣ৵һƬһǶͽŶɽϣ뿪֮ԭĿ־壬еĺֹ֮ͣԭʧӭɽѤâ֮˲ŷ֣ҶԪӶʱɢֲһɹɻԪ
ݲӦеģɾڣų⣬һӦǲӦֻ·һ
һĻҶȾЦˣǶ۾Ϊ˵õ纺һУϧ뿪֮ԭ֪ٴۣûõñӡ³
ɾϴչͨУ߶Ԫ己Ԫǣ
Ҫɽ֮ԭħԹɾһɾͺɷ֮ԭգʯȻִ߶Ԫʼ֮ԭ
һںϣ֮ԭӵеɳֱһ󱦿⣬ƿ߾ǹɾ֧ߣվĻĴܣ
˲Уھǰľ쳡纺Ưգȴ˵촫档
ʱվħҶȸ·ϴҪƿ˾޴֮ԭһڳۣҪ߶ۣ
ã
ۣħֻ۾ĳƣһ߶ħӵ޷նɱһ㳬ۣ⡣
۷磡
ڳûˣø֮ˣɾǶͽҶƿ֮УܱѣŲһϵԳħҲ⣬ʲôָüĴһ
ʱ磬ǿĴڣ֪һѪָۣһֳڲϵػζͨһ飬ӵжһ㡣
ֲ̼ͷ纺һħѪۣŵùǺ
ǶͽҲŵ˫ȷ붼޷뵽ĳԳħȶҶȻҪ־ʮ
ٿ
ֻۣһ޴Ѫ⣬ӡ֮ԭȻ˾޴֮ԭڳħͨƿ֮¡
εȵͨҪǽۣΪִﵽεȸ߶ȣ
̫һɣѹ
Ҷǰһ˫һ֣һɹ಻ϵ̫һ֮ӿħ֮У⣬֮ԭ
֮ԭΪҶħƿ֮

ҶȽžʹһ׵ͨÿһ֮ԭͲһ£޴Ϳʼ
ɾڲݶˣѿʼ߶ʯں֮ԭ
ҶӣͷŽ𵤣ѽΪں֮ԭþѪ֮ԭ仯ܽ𵤣֮ԭ
ã
ɾͿʼ֮ڣҶ˵ģ𵤣𵤣߶Ԫ֮ý𵤻ΪΪӣȫӿ⣬ɢ֮ԭ޴ڡ


852 
ɾ֮ԭڣԼ飬棬ħͷ˼ƿ޴֮ԭ
ǳħֶΣǰͶ򣬿ӣҪͨ
Ҫʱ䣬ѹѹ֮ԭϹɾʩչ߶Ԫ֮֮ԭ׷ӡ
Ҫ֮ԭҪһʱ䣬˲ҪΪҶħʵδﵽеĵزӵʵҪ֮ԭҲֻƬ֮䣬˹ǿߣһ֮䣬֮ԭûˣǶ۾Դ߶ʯԿڳǿǰ֮ԭҲֻбˡ
ȻԪ֮ǿ֮ԭȴʹ֮ԭԪںıʯʹ֮ԭǲȡ֮ԭѡ
򣬾Ǵ˹Ҳ֮ܳԭֻȡӡ񵱳޵˵ĴзľҲֻӵзʹ÷Ϊ޵һ֮
ǿߣղٳһһʹã
ɽ磬ҶɾûеڶˣԴ߶֮ԭʹԪ֮Ǿԡ
Ȼ֮ܳԭˣҲֻҶȣ
ƣҪ֮ԭµķ֮ԭӵзһ򣬽ɵһȻƽ⣡
Ҷ֮ǰ鶼ƣڣǳħһƿش֣ϹɾںϣҶҪľ֮ԭһ̣֮ԭ̺ķ򣬾̤ɵۡ
ɵĴأһ룬ͿԳ

ʲôϹŵĴܣһ棬һ죻ʲô˵ߣ㻭һȦȦԶֻ棬ȦȦȥ
İ壬̫£һɽ磬һʱգһӵĽܣ÷ӪɣһâһڰһˮһЩںķ򣬷Ҫ֡
գֻܻڷȦ
ȥ򣬾޷ҵƽⷨ򡢵취İء
Ҷ֮ԭϿգһͷϳƿ֮ԭһ濪ʼԪ־֮ԭ
ʱ˿̣Ԫ֮ԭҶȾͼɾ֮ԭе߶ʯƿءԪ֮֮ԭڻɾںϡ
ģҶȾͼ֮ԭ֮УԪ֮ڿŴɳɳضǣ˵һʣ޼ʯһӵжһ޶Ĵڣѵõı
ɳǹ֮ԭҪʣеʣǴɳԪ֮Դ룬Ǵӱʯ֮ͷųģñѪһ鱾ʯ˵ʯԪ֮ɡ
֮ԭҪǱʯ𵽹ؼãҶֻȥȡѹɾںϡ
κ֮䣬Ҫһͨ㣬һҲһͨ
عͨԽǿԽ̡޴ɵ͸ޱ޼ʡ
ںϣ֮ԭҪɾںһ
ѡҲ֤޵ĵ޵˵֮໨Ŵ۵Խ񷡭ǣһûץסҵںϵķʵѣȻһУҾ͸ôȥ򣬽취򣡡
Ҷεҡҡͷ̫޷
Ҷ˵ҲǼʶܣǣͻᱻֲֹڤڤ֮УʵѾ˳ûеıԴ̫̰ģΪʧԴͷʼʼ
֮ԭʱڷı仯ɢıԪ֮Ѿƿ֮ԭųҶǿѹ£ϵرɾ߶ʯʼһһѹա
ؼܽ𵤣
ҶȲϵͬʱҲ֮ԭ仯𽥵ģʱ֮ԭҪҶȺȻԪ֮ɳϢı仯
ɳǶģԪ֮£Ԫ֮ͬԪ֮;߲ͬ໥κϢͲ֮ԭγء
Ԫ֮֮ԭķ򣬶ɳǷĵ壬໥ںϣ໥ɳڲӵԪ֮ĹŻôĴɳγ֮ԭ
ҵ̫һҲǾںԪ֮ԼԼƸԴͷ
Ҷ֮ȥȡǴˣôޱߣôСδǿ󣬾ȥȻԶҲ޷ֻǿңɳԴĸ߶ȣȻ
һأֻһ򣬲աӦ
ҵҵĽ𵤣һ磬ҪҪǣ취򣡣
ϵظƺץס˷Ҫ㡣
ҶջԪ񣬴ʱעŵĲ𵤡
ҶȵԴ֮ʧȥ𵤣ҶȾʧȥԽǿͬȡ֮ôҶȾ
ҵķ򣬾Ϊ񷷨򡯣
ҶڣΪԼ뷨һҪĸ
ҶȿʼѲе̫һ룬ֻʣһ𵤿պУϧ𵤣̫Σգһһӡ
ʧȥĲ𵤣һտǣ
ʱƿص̫һ̫һ̺ʮ١̫⡢޼˻ס֮ɹ⡢޽塢Լֶɽٲɣǧ
оͲһɿµҲһ
ҶȳСش̫һ֮Уɿֲֻ̫ͨ࣬ҲһǺ£ֻκʣµֶΣ
ִ޵ĵصֶεȵȷ棬ҶҪأϵش̫һ֮а
˻˻
ֻһ˿˿ĻɫҶΰ£γɣ̫һ
ţҶȾȫںϽ𵤣ǽ𵤣ͨЩɫ𵤷󷨡ӡȵȽ磬ҪѽƳΪֻɻɫĴڡ
ž
ҶصشһţһǱԴҪ֪ȥѰҷӵʦ޵񼣣޵˵֮໨Ŵ۵кۼЩĸǾзı
ʵҶѾվںܸߵĸ߶ȣֻҪعͷҵƿطĹؼ
Ҷȸо̫˷Դˣõ֮һӵƿطͨȴ˷ѣ
ҪڣѪɣ
񷶴졭ޣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȼеһӡӿ¸ıĲ֮С
Ĳ𵤣ʱޣ̫һϵգܿͰѽһɶ
أ
ȻԾһ£ؽһ
һ죬ҶջԪ


853 ǰ
񷷨ǽ̫һ֮ϣҪںϲֻǲ񷷨ŸոӵгΣҪ򡢾ޡķ򣡡
Ҷۣ͸оأ̺Ĳ񷷨һͨںϣӵгһƿƿһƬأ֮ڣеҪ񷷨ѹơ
޵У
ڳͷ֮磬ۣҶȾʶһһϢں˷򣬺Ȼ򣬵ɽһҲ̺˷򣬶ֶЩٶǷ֡
ϴ󣬿ջС
ħüǵѾʧȴȻͷſֲѹ֮ԭҶѣʮָˡ
Ҷȵͷվ֮ԭ޴仯ġ
֮ԭȻֻʣһءʬ塢ԼһЩżѣе֮ԭ磬Ϊ״СڱĪֶѹƣͳͳؽɾڣ仯˾ǹɾ
ɾѾںϡѹ֮ԭϢȻأʧȥɵ۵Ϣһ޴ڵɣ·Ȼ֮ԭϢһʩչ֮ͬԭѹơƿκεˡ
һ֮Ŀ֮ߣ¡
ҪͻƳۣں֮ԭȫץס壬֮򣬿ʱͻƳۣ
ħΪؿɾɱ䣬Ҷ˵
ܽãĻгΪã۽ֶ컹棬Ҳˮɣ
ҶȺܿ쿪ʼʩչͨħѹ֮ԭùɾں֮ԭ֮Ҫ֮ԭȫܣӴˣĳɾ޷
֮ԭֻԪ֮ˣӵȻҶҲѾ˼ȥշɾԼ˵õԪ䣬һˣõС
Ҷ˽ذԪԼˣ˷Դʱ˺ͣɾһţܱȥһλԪҪǧ򱶣ɾ֮ԭܵĥһ磬ͻΪ𺣡
֮ԭʮ깦
ಡ
һɿҵԪ֮ΪӰڳ֮ԭɾ룬֮ԭںϣΪıҪΪǬ޼ǿڣҪһȥԼ֮ԭ
Դ
ɾӴ֮󣬾ǬһĴڣӵʱգУŹɾһվǬͬĸ߶ȡ
Ҷ˵֮ԭջ񣬲纺ںǣоǵõɾһɽ˵߾ͥɾƱػΪһĴڣҶȸһ춯ش¡
ɾһˣȥɽֶ죬ֻҪͻ˼㣬ʱھɽúñչأȥɣ
ʱҶһȻǽģѷɾȥɽ硣
ɾҲպ÷ʹŽˣǲˣһƬɽ񷾡ͷ൱׳ۡ
ɽ紫˵е֮ԭȴͻȻˣ
ĿȥʱҶȡħ纺Ư֮ϿգҶҪȥ壬ʮڴʵӣڿȥǼ壬֪ڳûһǰϢ
ҶѣƺһüĿҶ磬ʱɱҾͻص壬ܶ೤ѯ£ҲʼϵķˣԼڸɽļ壬ǰã峤ʹϢ˵ɽȡϵڹ֮ͨУ
Ҷȵͷܵܶᵽһǲǿߣǳ壬㲻߶ȣɽҲкֲܶǼڵطң
̵̼ɽ
ãǾȥɽ
Ҷ̿纺ħ𣬰д߶Сǧգ֮䣬˾ͻΪԭ㣬գʧ֮
ɽһƺɵ޼ʽ

ƺڣХһ⣬ٿȻҶȡħ纺ûΪʵһһֳ
ǧͼȻʮԾֻҪգ۹͵ɽ
̻δͷһ뻹֮󣬶գۣɽԽɽɽ置˼飬Ǵ˵еŲơ
ɽȻһ˽֮ܵħ޴ͨͰƬӦʵʵ
ڳħҶȶվɵ۲еĸ߶ȣɽ磬޵У
̺Ȼиһɽ˼ңƴⱾǻԭɽһɳǣɽ磬ʲôȥɽ磬ȥ˾ɽҲ֪ʲô
̶ںδ
Ȼ֮䣬ɽƺ֮£һ޴ĳǳأȺɽ֮䣬һƬƬ˺ٷԼһˣΪͽס
峤үү
Ѱȥһ̴Ҷȵ˷ɹȥ֮Уһλ׷ԲԵ߻ϲ֡
һϢܣʢҲ
ҶȸܵһɹϢΪϤУȻûжҶȴʲôǱϾͨܣܵõ޴С
Ҷȵ·ˣ뺮࣬ϧԸ䲻֪꣡
̣
Ұ˶ڷ׷ԲԵߣ̣ţȻͿҶȡħ纺ĿͣҶϣ΢΢һ̾ǺηǧǰСѲھɱȡΣ˵СѾֶ۵״ӣ
˻һߺЩˣ׷װҶȾΪˡ
Ҷȵһ֣һɾ޴˲ɨߣԼˣǰо޴ԨԴ˵ҵǰ·ˣ
ͻˣ
ͻһˣ
ôһ磬Ȼˣÿһ˶Ϊ

һ⣬û뵽Ҷӵͨһо޴仯߶ҶͷлСѴ񣡣
Ҷȹʩ񣺡ǰûйʱȥɽһ鷳ǰˣȥɽ磬Ҫ֪ǰһУ
úãȫ⣬СĴˣǰ߶µĹϷ٣˰ǧ絽ɽļ壬ҪȥһˣȻС˼ʱǾһȥɽ磡˵
ãǰ
ҶȺȻһ׷ǰͫͷһ⣬޷ǰĽѾʧȥԣˣҾΪǰܽ𵤣

˵棬Ҷһָüģ

Ѯߣɽ峤ʹҽУŵ벻ˣס
ߵʼӿգ޵ƤʼسϢɫԷȻڡ
ԼѣѮ峤ȻǰΪһʮͷӢˡ
컯ܣ


854 Ϫɶ
峤˷ܵشűغʵ벻ͨεֶΣ˾춯ر仯ͨͨһʹήľͳͳСͨ£ָӿ״̬
峤
Ⱥˣ峤ı仯ȫһˣģޱ䣬ϢҲ׳ޱȡ
һ˲䣬Ͱ˾ߣⲻһģɲǼ䣬лŶҶɻˣвˮȥҶȾΪˣһֶ۵״ӡ
վ޷ķиоԼСҶ̫ŶĴܣ
°ϣ˶ȥҪиԺںϣһһҪǿģܵһȣ˿𣡡
峤չֳУתϴ£һ˼ɵѣȻһһתɽƺµĳǳء
ź峤ŰˣһһҶȵʩ񣺡ҶСѣλͣǳɣ
ǰȥɽ磬λҪܵѹȵģλʩչոɽǾͳȴﵽɽ˵
ҶһһʩϸĶ䣬ʩչǿƿΪһռ䣬ˣûʩչСǧǧͼǱ̫֪һ£Ҳڷϡ
һУ

շ·ţҶȵһΣʮ˾Ƽһ㣬ɽ񷡣
ҶʵҪԽɽ֮ʱգ̫׼򵥣ܿɽ磬Ȼɽ硣
˿̣峤ۼһ纺վҶߣħһ࣬һֱ˯ƣȥɽ磬ԺǾɽУҪҪıϢϴڳͷ֣֮һǿ߲Ϣһ̫ʼ֪ʱʱΣ֮У
ϴ󣬲ˣǻ̫ʼ¶ǳ֮еľǿߣΪﵽڵĴڣ֪ӳӡҲԶɱңѾϰĴڣںֻ֮ţܻõֻصĴУʵ칬ߴŲעһСС
Ϊֻ֮ţ£ѾΪ޵дڣڵſЦʲôʱٴվǰοȻǿֶΣնɱĨȥĽᣡ
̫ʼӲĴڣȻҪ׷ѰҵϢѾܣҵϴ֮󣬾͸ıˣںϴϢϵõսףʵѾȵͽɵʱҪǿ٣ͨĴڣ칬޷ҵĴڣϴһԶҲҲϴϢΪϴ̫ͨҶ޷׸Ӧοˣ
ħһνģħ˫ͫ˸аӣǾҲʱʱ˸ɡĿ⣬ȫĻ̫ʼ칬
Ŀ齫֮ˣεȴڣȻ԰κδڣʲôۣҲ
Ҷ̾öٸ£Ǿͻ칬㶼ɵֻֻ֮ţ̫ʼһǸǳҪСģ칬ѹ˴˹߾ɱɴۣôӪӦ޽֮أͨʱھɽ磬൱ȫģ칬ִ߼ʾʹˡ
ϴϴ󣬹˶ãϴ󾳽粻ϴõ󴫳Уӵд˵еʮ٣һ֣ǾףǾɳȥɣֻҪܴĿģ伫
ħħЦҺҶȣҪǻˣŵû궼ɢˣǳħ
ֵ˸߾𡢴˹ؽ౦ۡϼǿɴǰĴڣϴ˻ԵҪúãЩ˲Ǿ͸ʲôʲô
ǵȻȥѰɴ۵߾˾ɲ϶ҪձģȺһ£ǿ绢ͥһۼзƷ칬Ͳʲô⡭ƣһ칬Ϲͥõɴ۴УڱصãҶֿ϶˵
Ȼ
ħһЦ֪жıԺ֣ɲҶȣҶȻ֮ģֻҪܵõĿģõԼõģʲô鶼ó
һ֮Ϊ˶Ը칬ħǸıòϢ纺һֱʾˡ
Ͼ칬̫ǿ󣬲ò칬Ǻ¥ԽԽأ嫣
ৡ
Լ칦ڣ˵ռ䣬һɽʱգ˾ɽص㡣
λȲҪżǾɽӣ֮󣬾Ͳٵܵɽѹȣ
һɽ磬ҶȾһץſӣھ˺£һ֮ںϾſ֮УҪ峤ˣԪ
Ǿ޴Ļ
˶ǧǣҶܣҲнɾͣҪʿ
СѣҵȾͲˣΪ׵ףҪھɽںϷ̫ѣ̫ѣ
峤ȭ˵һ̣ſӾͷֱ֮Уʱ֮Ҷȵ˾޴ı仯
ž
˾Ȼһ̣ðɽ編ѹȣּҶȵ˶ʼ硣
纺ħ뵽ģҶȾˣڶˡˣӱƴڳˣĴʿ磬Ĵʹң֮ء
ɽ磬Ǻǡ
Ҷ纺˵ڻǰɽӣ˵̫Ϥ
ӦһɽʱգһϢİģȴҲϤֶϢҶּһӣ̣ӣһӣҪúڻҪ̫żǺǣֿǰɽӣҲҪϲѽ
ллҶ磡
ҶֶκεͨѾʶˣ֪ӵķصطӡڡ
Լȥ
ҶСѣԪҴˣллСѣ
ʱ峤ϵİˣΪĽ׵֮䣬ѳΪɽ硢ɽǿߣⶼҶģ峤ŰҶǰҽһȻͣлҶȡ
⣬Сһ׮ǰǼܲھɽʲôطҶȰհʵ
峤Ԫصֻ֪ϪɶϪɶҾͲ֪岻ٷ֧ɢڲͬɽ磬ֻһΪǿһǰãͨǧʱ䣬һһԽɽ磬֪Ĵڣ
طҵ֪ɣһλѣھϪɶԶһΪ䳾ɽ֮ڣ
ϪɶҶȾһ㶣һһĸоȸȥ䳾ɽ磬ͰΧɽ置ֲ˽⣬оϪɶ䣬û뵽ȻС
·ڤڤ֮Уһߣ鴮
Ҫݷλͬʦ㣬ǾȥϪɶ
ҶѾ֪λִ䣬һ޴ƿͰˣɽȥ


855 ľ
Ҷһ֮ʮ˷䳾ɽ緽򣬷ʮ죬Ϳʼƫ䳾ɽ磬Լַʮ죬𽥽һƬӵкܶ޴Ľ
䳾ɽƬ㲩ޱߵĽ֮Уһ˵Ҳ˵ŵֿͷĽ
˵ںܾǰһλǿŮˣΪɣƿƪƴɽ磬ĵһ޴ˮӣˮǧɽһƬ˽֮ܵأˮ֮䣬Ϊ˼Ƭɽ缸ֿͷ
Ȼ˵ϾǴ˵Ѱҹɵĵˮӣϧδ˷ֹĴڡ
ϪɶƬ֮УƫԶһ˾ס֮ضѣ䳾ɽ磬Ϫɶ̶ֻ֥ѡ
ȻûдеˮӣǴ֮УȴһѵĽӣƬɽ縳Լ޷գеڽ֮кɣȫûĦ
Ȼܶ˻ҪץסЩޣΪ
ǰڽӰΧеɳأӦþϪɶˣ
һ֮ڼһɳأλڼӲ룬˶óͼһ꣬ȷϪɶ
ܲôˣɽ壬ܵѹһչѿĿľھɽ磬壡
ϪɶԪˣڳ̾ó½緢չٿ
һҶҶڳƳǣҲǾٲά裬Щ壬һ巢չ̫ס
ಡ
һʮ˷׷״Ӹ߿գϪɶһɽˮ޴ɳأԽܶ¥
Ǹʲôģ
ڿɳؽ磬Ԥ֮Уͳһվڴ֮ϡˮ멵ˣԼʮˣһɵһ׵Ϊ
ɵ۸֣
Ԫ˼Щˣ𺳵޷ɵۣɽһˣȻζ󲻵ĴڣɵۣɽʿĴ̨ɵ۲Ŀʼ֮
ɵۣضǣ
ǰһԪˣ˼ɵǾϻ£۶ʶˣϪɶȻȥ壡
壿
ЩˣԱţЦǺǣʱ䳰ȷֲЩˣҲҪʯңǼ壬񵺣ҪѰɶҪɸķã
ʯ̼Щˣƻڳû٣ҲǸŭԣҶȡ纺ħֻʧ
һ˹ЦһʮˣȻҪһʮƷʯ
һʮżƷʯ
Ʒʯɽ磬ǿɶǺټģԪӵУȴҲòô༫Ʒʯ
ѹե
֡
¿ɲԸƽ
ǳħҡҡͷʾ⣬ҶȾͻһץƷʯŷӡǰȺ̰ˡ
û뵽ǻõóΪģȥɣ
ȺݣѰһڵõôȻҲΪˣһӡϪɶͳһڡ
ಡ
룡
֪ͨ񵺵ˣ˵һˣȥˣֿԴչһʣ
ȺˣһƲǻôߣ̰ᣬҶߵķˮҪһߵġ
Է٣
Ҷȵ˷ɹ磬ϪɶȻ˵ϻȴ£ɳһƬȻһ֮ء
ССһɳأϪɶˣһɵʮǿߣԪںţǱϴ󣬲ɱ˴ˣֱӵϪɶ½ʥ̻Ǩ
ʯǶɵĽֵϣԪΨΨŵŵҴ˵һˣ߽ףȻǵͽɵۣЩﶼͨˣū
ں󷽣Ҷȡ纺ħͬͥŲȻɽкܶǿߣССϪɶһɵʮףвʲôһĳۣǶԶԿ
ҶҡҡͷһϪɶʲô￪̻ᣬ鷳ҴϪɶ˳ˮ飬͸ң
ٺ٣ùСӣһ˹ˣСӿѾͻƳˣħĲϪɶһ¡
Ҷû취
վס
Ԫһ·ѯʱͻȻһȺ˴ǰֵӿһ¡һī̵ˣһͬ㣬ǵװϣһƯĵ죬칬Щ칬Щ֮ͬ
Ԫͷð麹սսλк£
ʲô£ǳһԹۣ񵺵ӣǿΪһλ˱뺷ȵ
񵺣
Ҷȳ˼һ룬ɽͼ֮ϵĲ꣬ҵˣԭһϪɶǲĴڣҲһɳأһΪһ
ˣһʵʵڵɵۣƣסԪһˣ˵Ѿˡ
ǣٺ٣˴ЦͻȻɫһﶯҪ̳֡
񵺣̫
ʱһʱ֮һֵһɵۡڵر
Ԫ̶һۣϲ֣ҲѪȣЦ˳ͬϢ
Ҷ̼͸оȺˣϢ֮УžžͬٸоѪ֮񣺡ˣ
ǾͿЩ򳪴Ϸˣħ𵭵˵
ʱһڸΪǸʮ׳꣬ÿΣһɨЩˣһȣ񵺣޴ڣȻǱŴΰֽţҼ֮ˣ̫ˣ
ߣô
һ޿֣ˣָӵҪǲӦɶҲǣ
ҲǸϳȥԵ˵Žֵķ࿴ֵˡ
ɪ͵ɪɣ嶼Ƿ͵񵺣һѹȶΪūߣ
֮ˣż䣬ͺȥ
񵺣
ÿˣ񵺺֮ǣȥͲóȥһңϧǶڼɵʲô
תˣɨҶȵˣȻԪ䲻ȵʵˣ
ǡǡɽɽһרϽѰڣԪּ˵νݺᡣ
ɽ磿
ЩһĮ󲿷ֶʧҡҡͷ
üͷһ᣺ɽǰ棬ûмصģΪ巢£½м壬ɽʵû˵½磬ǺܶڷϢ
Ҿɽһλߣұʾݡ
ɽɽ硭
ˣȴûаָˣ俴ԪӦɽ˵߰ɣɽɽ緢չô
һѾʮ֮ãһλɽɽʮˣ඼ͽףڼҲ߽ף̣ھɽںĵӣ
Ԫּؽɽ԰ذԿóΪο


856 
ڣ
󣬲ΪȻȻһ䣬ɨһۣΪʧڲ½ɣھɽ磬϶㲻ϣˣǾȥ壬¾ʹϿ뿪
ǣ
Ԫ˿Ϳʩ񣬼ǰɵǰͬ壬Ҳò֡
󲿷ֶɢȥɣǿѲߣ񵺼룬Żƻ
ֶ˻˻֣ɢȥֻʣʮˣ꣬ҶȡԪ˽Ϫɶ
ԼϪɶУһЩС֮̾أʲôС
ܿ죬˾أʮֵ̣ԹƿأԼھӪЩ̣ĻǲһԲθ߾Ųľ޴Щ񣬿ʱ䲢Ǻܳ
үЩǣ
ΪĴ󺺣סˣȻǶҶЩ׸еɡ
ꡮա͵Ƕɽһˣò״½֮ǰгЩ⵽񵺶֣
λ۾һں˲ɵΪ¶б飺ԭ½ˣܺã½δϢķ֧ϵӭ壬ȥɣ
лллл
л
ȻǶûбҶȡ纺ħݣˣΪҲˡ
ռĶԲڲ⿪д滨ݣǾһСǽڲϱխԭ
ǼȻ½ˣҪܵ¼ǹأ壬ټ½֧Ŀľϼ壬ܶǰǼǾɽһһڣ೬һţ
ڹȣպĽܣ˴һ伸ȷ䣬򵥰һһ뿪ˡ
̺ܿԪˣ뿪䣬ʼȥæŽ壬˽ȵȣҶȡ纺ħڷϢ£Ŀǰ˶飬ҲС
˿̣һһ֮С
Ԫ֮УλߣȴţΧмɵۼʿػ
ɽ磿ɽһ
һ󣬼߳һһϵףжǼ¼Ѱʲô
һİԿڵɽһȷûжټ¼
λӵмϵҲҪڹϱԪļ⣬ɣһһѪ
Ϸ£һƺûѰйɽ¼һ棬һϵ⻯Ϊ֮С
ͣ
̡Ԫδ˿ԥ߶һεѪָðγСһѪ飬˲֮С
ɲǼ䣬˸ҫ۹ԣһͬѪϢϵͷţΪһ֮к֡
վһһͷοصǵѪܴܺãӭǣ½ɽˣع壬ҵˣ
ǻؼˣ
Ԫһѱһᣬ޵ϡﻩʹҶȸ߻ΪˣƢϣǰԼߣߣᣬ̼ѡ
һλ߼ΪʧҡҡͷϧòʱǼ徭귢չϪɶӵģϧǼչأΪԤһǻ½ȥɣ½ܣ
ԪʩλϣǷģ½飬ǶϽ֮ʱѾϣǼҪʱǶЧѪܰ٣ǵ๤ҲԸżɹΣѣҵԶð
ãȻ˼֣Ǿɣһ˸Ǵȥбʱ䣬úУȥϢɣ
ǣ
Ԫһһȥ
ϧһѪȴı䲻ʵҲ֪Σɶ֮᲻᳹׸ı⣬վһߣ
λ߿ʼϴţڲ
֮
һ죬һҶţҪ˺úùһ塣
Ҷ磬ϧǻȥ£Ϊ峤һֱⱼ޷ˣ
ȹ⣬£һһҶȣҪǹܵ£ϧԪ̫΢޷߲㣬޷ȡϡ
忴ˮȡ
ʱҶȺȻڣʮ˵ˣһ̧տҶȵǵҲС
һϪɶδˡ
ȥҶȿˣտ
ʲôˣÿܿĵط𣿡
˲տԵشˣͰأϴκϡ

һֱӻӻ䣡
ˣ
Ȼʮ֮ϵգʮ֣ɵϢͬˮһˣΪһѮߣղϣȴȣʯ˸о˾һĸ֡

߽֮һǳ⣬˶ʱӶ㡢ӿܶԱ׷׳ʲôˡ
ԽԽ࣬ܿɽ˺
գΪ˵أ𵤶ݻ٣һҪѣ
ɵ۸֣ʮ꣬һ֣һ͸Ϸ͸ӿڣһһ԰ףüͷһ壬ߣŭֱա
ʹϣǡαװǵĸ֣⻯Ϊˣǲ֮£¾綾Ȼٳ͵Ϯ
޷סŭһ޳Сˣ
ˣˣ
֪ͨλϣٻ˫һѹƺҪеľ綾ϧһ˶ֻܿǲָ֣˲
ϣһɵΪҽⶾٻָƣ
һĪչڳˣֻܿյĥʱͻȻһˮתߣ
Ŷ
ȰĿϣ˲ŷ׷׿üͷһ壺̣ǰòŴɽɽ˰ɣ
ǵģϣ
̹ǰʱ˭Ҳûֻʩ֮󣬾ץʮɵպӵпԽⶾҩôԣ
ɽģ
ֻΪҺòãǾɽ磬ɽ磬ɵ۶ûа취
һʱ䣬˶ŭѹ̷ֶ
ǣһȻ˫֣ʮҩ⣬һصȻ
ϣԸһԣ
ͻȻʮʹգ˼žԸһŵҩ
ðɣҲǰŰɣϾ޷Ķһ½ܲɣҲԸһԣץסһɵͷǰ

ԥһ£ӵҩȻžһھɵ
˲Ϣ֮䣬˶Ŀϡ
ৡ
Ȼ֮䣬һȵĹȻ͸յԼƤͫԿ


857 
ĵҩ
߿һĻίʵһ̾ÿ˶ܸܵ𺳣ɴ˿ɼɵûãҲһֲĵҩ
ʱĿⶼˢˢϡ
ףһɽˣһߣɵ۶ǣɵ
Ŀ⣬̬Ȼһһ۵ף¶һ˿εЦݡ

ͻȻ۽ǣӿһɶ񶾵գ֮˾԰࣬ûʹࡣ
չʱϲ˸ߺ綾ѻ⣬ҽҲۺ࣬ѾȬ񵤣񵤰
˲òٴο̡
ϣٸҷ£
ܰٴιʩ񣬶˵ʮɵӡ߸ߵ𣬳ʮ㡣
úãΪ½ˣ˹⣬
˺֮УȻҲд½ˣЩˣϽ½磬Ȼݵһȣڳϣǰ˹ͣ˶ź
һӳΪƵģ߸ϣ֮ǰȫ˿ļλ꣬ǱϹ˫ۡ
ܺạ̃˴󹦣úΪЧֻҪμ˽ᣬɽеĳԱϽ磡
ϸرʲôˣȻóһкܴ󱳾òδŵĵҩ
ֵ
ʮߣõҩЧȫͬܿƽ綾Ҳۻ벻٣һˣø
ϴҲΪ壬Ѿ˼ˣ
Ե£ħȻһУ̿ҶȣΪ壬ҶȿҪȫ塣
ǰҲӵо䣬ƣǰţģҵԭ𣬾ͱ𣬾Ϊģǻع鵽ָ߶ȣ
ҶȵȻһ䣬ϵޣ֪˯˻ʲôһֱûж纺򰲰Ҷߡ
ȫΪ˹ע󣬶ûʱȥҶȣҶ˹䣬ص˷䣡
죬Ҷȵ˾ȫϤ壬ֻǣûлᣬӴĸ߲㡣
һ죬Ҷڷ侲Ѿɽһ֮УΪʱ̣ݵĺҹ
ھ޵ҶȣȻ۾֮ͫУȻһɻ龻֡Ȼһ˵󡭡ѵ壬Ĵڣǰˣ
ԭҶͻȻۣԪ֮УȻسһ龻֣֮Уܵһ˳֡
עһ֮Уһջģ
ҶȻ龻֣ץס˿Ϣ˲һͷɳ˷䣬ǿΪֳһ˴һ㻺ڶ㡢㣬Ҷ뿪䣬纺ħһʱ䶼Ӧˡ
ǷҶȶһ˳ȥûԭ֪ҶʲôˣӲõҶȻʲô⡣
ɽ磬նɱҶȵˣ»ûУǳħ纺һ㣬޷ҶᲢۣ
Ĳ㡢㡭ֱʮ֮ϣһϵã
Ӧþ
ҶʩչԪ˾ΪȻԼ޵ĴڣΪޣҶͷϢһϵá

֮Уڱش̨һλ꣬Ŷʮģǹɽ磬ϣ¶һ˿Ρ
ǰһ־־Ĵ壬һˣ
־˿ڵΪүү壬ɹһνѣ𣿡
治ãΪôĻ£Ǻãü岽˾֮Уǰø类ˣЩ˵
ˣүүӦΪúϢһ飬ΪΪŻûйȥĿ
ಣ
˵꣬־ͻΪ޶ȥ
øΪӦɵʮ׸֣壬ָֻ֣ϧ̫ˣЩϣҲɵ߽ס˽ףӼңʮ֮һ
Ҷȼ־͸оԷΪǿߣɾǶ֣ھɽ磬Ѿаӡҩɾּڣһͷ
ֲԭϣһͬ˲ҵˣǴϿʼ
ԭѪȻκ˶ҪǿʢӦǰѪĴߣ
ҶչͨϣܵͬϢ壬ѪĴڣһж˵ǰ꣬ĸףѪӽҲпֱܾܵϵ
ûá
һֱڻζ仰óʧûңûμΣѣҲõȥˣҺٵͬ壡
Խ˵ԽǴ
㡭
ͻȻһöָ
䡭
Ҷȼöָ㾪óĽָȻָһģһֻɫȷʵɫǹϵĽɫȻڽָ֮̾ţɫ඼ͬġ
ָҶȾ͸оҪץסȥƵġ
㣬㣬ҵΪҲһֱͣɵ۶ףǧ궼޷ͻơƺûз־ָĲǺָԹԼ
ǣöָ񵺵𣿽ʧȥˣҽȥһл¾ͻˣҲȥˡ磬
ꡰ硱Ȼһץסһ̽Ȼԥֻǿ˶̽һۣͻӶ̽ȥ
̫ɵˣ
ͻȻһԵްӿڶ̽һ̣ᡢƿһжҶȵͷȣǰ
ŵòӴ̨ˤգڼʱӦס̽ͷɵҶȣٴУ˭һ񵺵ɱ֣
磬ˣɱ֣ΪҪֹɱҶֶƯա
˭
һ·ӦҶ仰̫еɱ֣ɱȻġ
Ҷȵ㵱ҺԨԴ˰ɣ
Īǰ
ȻͷϲǰѣμԾʱǰ͸߳
߳˵˰ɣȷĿģ磬ɱǽİ취οǼ񵺣ìܲΪɣݹ۲죬ĿĿ϶򵥣
һϲȴ磬Ҷƽأ˵
Ŷ
ҵˣȻҶȸȻ֮䣬ƺ뵽ܶҷĴ£һһعһֱ˼š
Ȳ˵Щ￴£˵˵е£Ҳҿ԰㣬߳ҶȻһ⡣
õģ
ʱ侲ûиղǰ㼤УƺҶȼǰֵİԤţ𽥿ڵвŻɵ֮壬ɾҵõöϵĽָ֮ҵΪһֱͣͲǰ֪ΪΣгϣҲȻ
㻳ôָҶȷʵ
ǵǰǰûҵȻȴǳȹ̣ĥģǵõ֮󣬷·һεԼңӴˣûɫû֪𰸣
˵Լѹ֡


858 µĴ
Ϊԭ򣬸֣֮飬ģ
ԹԼΪʵоԼӫһûдڵ塣
һöɫָʱԹȼ£
·һǾָ
磬ѽָҿҲ㣬ǲ֮ȡ޴
ҶȻس֣ףöָһܣҶȸӦöָΨһͬû̺ԣֻһܣǾǳ֣֮䣬Ƴһö
öָ循ܡ
Ҹ׿ûʲô֮ȻǰҪ͸ǰǣ
絹Ǵ󷽣ذѽָ׸ҶȣҲûڴǰָ꣬ܿĲ֮
ȻϢŨңȻȥܶ£ǽָ֮ڣӵеϢǲıģöָҲ֪ʲôƶɡôãһ˿ʵҲûиı䣡
һ̣
ҶȾ͸о̫ĴڣԺֵ꣬һνָǹϵģȻָûκҶܸܵһܽ⿪
ںδõöָãҶ̫磬񴺷ʵ
ǰڼһƷ֮ʱڷ֮õģʱ͸оܲͬȡˣû뵽
һĨԳҡҡͷ²ףû뵽Ľ֮ʧ˲٣
봫𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶȾԶϹߣǰŶϤĿʵ
סˣǰ
ɣĶῪǰҵĿߣû뵽˾棬Ŀߣ磬úϧ巢ɣ
Ҷȳ֣ûӦ޷ƿͰˣɹҶǰǲ֪ʲô顣
ͷ־ָ֮УһĪ괫дҪ־޷ںϵģУһξѪ
Ҷȷܡ
ǰǱʼջǲţһƽĴ䣬֮
ǆ£ʲô˵ʲô
ҶȵǷˣǶȣˣ¶һϾ̫ͻȻҶҡҡͷٴͷһƿأͬƵģһ־뾫ѪȻҶȳ
һĻ缸˵оҶǰֻҶһ֮䡣
𺳵ǣҶǰףҪܣһ¡߶ûˡ
ʱ˿̣ľѪ꣬ҶȴһɹϵķӡžͰɫ䡣
ৡ
ͻȻɫָһɿֲĹ֮Ҷ˺ɣʼζɹ֮ȻܣҶȵȫ飬Ͳ֡
ۡǰȻǳۣңһĳۣо߾ǰĴڣҪǿ󣡣
û˿֮ιϵֱƿɣҶڻ޷һֻվϽ֮⡣
־Եķ򣬵ڳͷ֮磬ҶȾ̹ˣɾ֣ᣬҶ˲ʹӦóܲһĸ֣һĳۣпܣ߾𡢴˹һĴڡ
һ㣬˿֣
ǿߡǿߡ۹ǿߣӵȨʵ֮󣬾ͻӵеһУȥ׷Ѱӹա
Ϊ˽֮鷳Щǿһ޽֮أͻΪɢޣΪ޽֮һ¶ߣ޽֮أѰұѰҴ罵֮УһǿĶ֡
⣬Ϊ˱ͬǿĶֲޣһͻ壬
־ͷͻ뿪֮ǰһаźãΪԼ֮֡
ɽ磬Ƿǳģξ棬ȥҲݣֶ£ššЩɣǿ߶ȥɽУٻٴλΪľǲ鷳
ȻҲ뿪ɽ磬ȥ޽֮أңԶʱգȥС
׾ָͷŵҶ𺳣һתͼѾӦ仯ڷΪ˲鷳ҶȾͲںϾָ磬Ͳˡ
ʣ¹ϵĽ磬ӾָϵͷŹעڣˣΧڽΧ濴Žڲ仯ȻҲ˳Խ磬³üȥʯͷ
ʲôˣ
ҶڰգҪص䣬纺ʹһ䷿䴫ݳݺϸʵ
û£ֻǳΪ·ˣ棬µľ޴󱦿ˣںϣ
Ҷһͣһͻص䡣
磬ˣԽԽ࣬Ŀ𣬰̡ԪҲУ
ಡ
ãһɾ޴ϢϪɶմԽ
峤
ˣʩ޲𾴣һֱֳִһ֮İ
峤ʱ㿴Ҳ֪ΪΣ
ʮλĳӭˣǹϽ磬ͺް취־ؽһ
һͻȻ뵽ʲô͵һöָϤˣǷǰڼ֮УõöָΪöָΪǰû뵽û뵽ȻرҿϢֳͨģ
峤ʵȷλϣңѰܵ仯͸ϻˣôһ£
һλɻ󣬿λߣɻ󲻽⣺Ҳ֪˺£ֻоһͱγˣǷˣϤµ
ǵȵȱǣ峤侲˵
峤һֱҼźԶʷϵ峤ȥǰæǴӦ˰ɣ
Զԣҵ棬Ǽȱн飬Ȼ޷ִ֤壬ǲ鿪Ц
ÿһϣĿ峤ϡ
֪峤ҡҡͷˣǲµģھɽ磬ҲһɲҶ㶼㲻һ߲㶼ûǵȷ֪ǼŲ񵺣
һ֤ɶ֮Ҳǿһ㣬һֱû͸¿ɺá
˶ǲ

Ǹַ뵣ǣǼ̲Ľ翪ʼʱͳͳʧ˺ɣ۾żı仯
ˣ
ӱʲֻǲ֪ΪΣΪͣͲǰӭ
Χ۵ˣ磬󲿷˶ĽǸˣޡ֮š
ಡ
磬ͻȻͻΪһݣ˵磬ģָϣöָԣ𽥵ƽ
·һ㣬ʻʣϣͫ⣬һΪȻһ¾ͻƵɵס
˼飡
Ϣ֮䣬Ϊһ´ɵ۶ףͻɵףûκεףһ³Ϊɽ߽ǿߡ


859 ¹ɾ
˳ϣɢȥ
䣬峤Ȼ֪бϾ̺ܣ̾óˣͳͳ뿪뼸λϣ֮ڡ
ܿͻָƽ
ȥ
һ죬ڲͬһ죬Ϊ̡Ԫ硢峤ȳϣ޺ڴͳͳҶȡ纺ħڵķ䡣
ѵһҶȵķŲֿˣҶҲƳشȻˣͽɣ
̴峤ǰ뷿䣬ͼҶϣ΢΢ͷôһһ¡
ҶȿڣλӦðҵ⣬˵ɣ
ͨ
仰˵ڣȻ͵ˣҶ˫ϥ£Ϊͽǰ

֪ҶһһͰ𣬲˵ǲͽģӦø˵ԼҲֶӣҲһӣͽʣʮֲӵһ·
ˣʮֿϧǣˬʵһЦʹӦˣһζҪΪҶȵӡ
ҶȺܹϵؿ峤ͷʵ峤ΪǰʵһǷʱõǰ޴ݣҲн죬Ҫ֪ǰΪζ䣬ϣйǰϣ˽⣡
ңҾͽѰϣһ񣬶ֻֻƬ¼Ҷֵܡ
峤һʱ֪ҶȳƺΪãìܼ£Ǽ˵ҶֵܰҶ⿪ӡ֪֮ڣǵ棬һλվڵĳۣǼ壬Ҳвٳ۴ڣ
ӹɣǰȷĴܣɫָܶԺ˵ĴУҶϲࡣ
УͰ˺ܶ࣬Ҫһ㣬йıأԼܱΪĴУЩҶΪˣȥʣˡ
峤¶һΣ廳̾̾Ǽ£Ǿɽһ֮Уһļ壬ӵвٳǿߣǵ棬ڵǿߣ
ڣվɽ۷Ĵڣͬ˹߾Ǭȵһ
ˣеҫҶȴϣĲį
ļ壬ܳһ˿ҫ
桭ѽҶֵܼȻĪϵҾͰڴ֮еԪ׸ֵܣԼ
峤ƺ˵ȥû棬һץһԪӡޱȣΪһ⣬ҶƯ
ಡ
ҶԪ̣ԺӿһϵĶԼʮҶȾ˲ٶ
ȻڼԪǰڣҲɴǸʱڣͨһΪһǿߣңΪɽްԵļ壬ͳٸ۹ĳǳء
ʵĴ壬һţ
ܴһ޴֮Ѿվھɽ۷壬Ͷһˣ뿪ɽ磬ȥ޽֮УѰҸı
ڽʱȥٵطܶʱգҲõܶıؼΪڲ˼ĵز޽֮أǶǾǿߣϧһοƽѰ֮ãȴΪӡǡ
ûо˵ʲôҶȺһǾ䡣
޽֮سһż벻ͬȸ֣ȥѰߣ׷ɱû˵˭ǶԷģҲܺ
֮䣬壬ཨںˮ£ͳͳʧǿ߶ˣܣһ𳬼ǿߣһɱ֮ǰȴ׾ָӳȥһС
ôͻȻʧɽʷ֮УڣѾû֪Ĺȥֻţйȥʲô֪Ƕôʵ
ҵҵˣҵĴߣ֮˵Ѫ޷ȥϴģһ죬ʸվ޽֮أǧҪСϹͥҪһ죬ܼһΪĩˣҪԶ
Ҷȱ˫ۣΪҪһԣԺﾭõɢš
Ϲͥ
ĩ
ϹͥϹͥȻվɽ۷Ĵڣ칬Ϊɽľްԡǰ䣬ϹͥʲôϵǰֲϹͥˣ
зĩ˵˭ǰΪȻ˼ɵˣѵҲϹͥǿߣ
Ҷȸоͷۡ
ûҵ𰸣ʣ޷ȥƽ⣬ĪҪԣӵڳΪƽһ죿
Ϲܾͥ޴󣬴ϼͿԿǿߣ϶һĩ϶ҲϹͥˣҪҵôһˣʮѣҶΪǿǰֻбѹһ³
ħ𣬻̫ʼɱǿѹͷ֮ķߣܵĥ
峤ҶȽ˵ҶֵܣǼѪ𣬿ϹͥĪϵȺϹŴˣΪ䣬ǽɱɴˣû뵽ֶ˺
֮𣬱Ҫϴ壡
ϣߣѺȻϹͥУκˣ¶ˣ
Ǽ壬ԭι¡֪ܶ£ڿʼÿˣҪµҪ壬һǿߣ峤ʮ㣬ҲҶˣֱӰӵʵ˵
ҶѾУһǿԮأ̰Ҷȵͨ߸ˣҲҶø
Ҳһ£ֶΣ
Ŀǰûо֣Ҳǳۣ˲⵽죬ӣ峤Ŀǰɵʮ۷壬ǧ꣬ӦûͻƳۡһλѣոսۣǿΪ򣡡
ҶȰʵ˵˳־١
̫ˣ
̡硢г϶
峤һҪһƣ£Ҳ֪ͨңһǧ֮ϰɳߣǻǰĴбأţڣı࣡
֪ͼܶҶȵĶ̫أҶҲģóһǧ֮дɳһǧ֮ǶǾĸ֣Ȼеı⡣
֮
һǧ䣡
ڳĸ𾪣𺳣
֮Ǵ˵еĴڣðսȥΪľǶȡ֮һ֮ϱ
һǧ֮ʲôͨĳۣҪա
峤ӹʱᡣ
ӭ˴죡
ˣ
ͻȻһޱߵ֮дڳÿ˶ˡ
ɾʱ򣬺ãû㣬Ȼͻ˳ۣңҶءؿա
ˣվˣΪԷǳۣѾǾɽ޵еĴڣǳһɣҲǾͷ
ಣ
΢΢һ£һ۵Ĺɾǰǳۣһ˿ϢѾﵽغһز
̲ûж⣬ˣѹɾϴܣݣ⣡
峤ӣҲȥˣɾһҪҶɹΣ뿪
ҶȲ֪ͻΪӰʧȥ
˷ģɾޱȵĹش


860 ɵۣ1
Ϫɶ֮ϣҶȡ纺ħ˻Ưƺ֮ϣɶƺκս
ҶȴżΪĿ⣬ҫ纣žȻֶ죬ҪȥѰɴ۵һǳգһƳʲô⣬ٻӦ
ɴۻܶԿģǺãʲô⣬ȷ٣һ뾡취㣡
纺ʱʱ̶̿侲һŮӣͷԣǻ۵ʱ򣬾ӵгԽ˵侲Ůһ´棬Իжʡ
ಣ
Ҷнӹ䣬纺תһߣͽմȥҶҲ纺ӵк֮ģԴ纺ҶȻδ纺ʩչ֮ģ޷
֮󣬵Ҷɫָ糣ħԱߣһɱϴ󣬿ʱ䲻ˣѾվ۷壬ӿ첽Ҫٳۣи޷ǿߣ
£Ҳûȥ룬ԭ˳ȥ䳾ɽ磬ʮ֮׵Ķľ쳣ùϵҲ壬ͬʱԺչҲĪϵ룬ȥҵطɽ٣
ɵ۴٣
ӳͷ֮֮УҾ͸оԼѱ࣬Ĵܣ֮ԭ֮У֮󣬸ʱͻɵ۴٣һɵ۾֮ڣͿݺ޵֣˳ۣû˿˵ңңȴʩչͨն
ϴɵ۴һ٣Ƿ˳ѱΪɵ۴٣ͻ֮󣬾ӵвһͻ֮ɵʮݣͻƾԻ࣬Ҫܶĸؼǣ볬¡ǹ֮ڳۣҲһɵʮǿܿģ
ɵ۴ٿ϶ɴٶͬ
Ȼɵ۴ٰʮٻΪ٣һ٣ڶԪ٣ΣǲҴ٣Ĵ٣ж־Ԫ񡢵ĵĥ٣вЦǣܶ˶ͻɵۣǲɵ۾֮ȥͻʮݣɽɵۣһֱһ׵ʮףΪͻʮݣҪͿߵǻŻ
ħһϸؽ𣬰ÿһҶɻ֮þ٣һȻ
ֲ컨аĸɵһס״ۣΪһСͲϧӸɽ
ҶȺȻ֣һ̤ɵ۾磬ҪҪɵ۾ȫ粻ͬһΣҶ˵ûжƣơ
ҲãҵĲͨҪɱ䣬ɵʮݣĹؼʱڣһ̤볬ۣΪʲôǬ칬ͳͳҪҲڽ£
Ҫʮξ޴򣬲ۣܽܿԽɵʮ磬Щѭɽ編ʿ˵ɵʮ׾ʮƿҶ˵ʮξ޴ʮɱȥ
Сǧһʺ϶ɽ֮أ
˼һ֮ҶȾħͷ̴߶һ⣬µĹͷСǧཱུسǰ
Сǧ˫ۣ֮ͫǧǹ⣬˸꣬Ȼһշ򣺡磬ҵˣƬ֮һƬɿݵϹأʺϸɽ٣
Ϲأ
ǺõطҶ˾񣬳ħ֮ҲΪ⣬̾ǧͼɽڵһ
СǧҶȣȴмɵһԵĳħ𣺡ƺˮ֮ӣϹżԪڵһλˮ֮ɣĵ˴ԪĳڣʵҲϸԪָպԪɳĴڣˮ֮أ꣬Ǵɿݵˮ֮ӣҼǵ˵ϹһλŮɣʵĵȻѾɿݣأϾ
аһɣԭˮ֮Ĵڡ
һڣ˺ܣܻɽ硢ĵͼˮ֮أһ֤ˮ֮ɵĴڣСǧɣ
ǵģ磬Сǧͣ
ֻҶħСǧûңֱһռ⣬Ҷˣ˲ʧϪɶϿա
ȥ
һƬ޴߼ʵƽԭգСǧֳǳơҶȣмϳ˯ޣ޲ܳԣ˯ҺֻɵҶһˣȻͻһ
׺ɣ磬ƽԭ֮£ˮ֮ɵϹŵڣֻ˽ȥΪ˿Ը֮ܵУ֮أ˿ռͨ˵ڶͨ
Сǧ԰ص˽
ˡҿǸؽ౦ۣųһˣҲʮ֮һ
ͨߣֻͬһڣħ˵ǿ
ΪҲһڣ
ৡ
ҶȶˣָһѹֲƽԭŪһĵضһ飬̾ͷض
һǧµĵصףһƵķӡ󣬼ʧӷӡģԼˮ֮ɵǿ
һƬѸɿݣȴļƷʯϹźӵǰֱһء
˶ûжᱦ˼ȥƻһһҶȿ˿֮󣬾ʩչ޴ͨϷ׾޴ĵرиȻƿ˲䣬¶ɽõı񷣬µϹأҲһ⡣
Ȼһأϴô㹻ͻɵۣҪСĵڶ٣Ҳɵ۴ٲȥ£
ħ֪Ҷȴ٣жôֲҶȾô٣ŪǾתɳرȴš
˿̣Ϲˮ֮ϣֻҶһˣ
ɵۣҶҪɵۣ
ɵʲô
ǿ󣿵λ
ɾΪɵۣɵ۵Է޴磬ʣڴ˵Уɵ۾Ĵڡ
˵پʱ
ɵǳģһԪǳɵۣҲ已̥ɵۣҲҪͣУפİأǲܵģǸǬֺĴڡ
֮ûûжУҲΪǣһԪʮԪҲûģҪ͸أ˵ɵۣҲʿ׷հء
ϲҲһҲϲֻвУ򣬴ɾ˶δɾ͵ĸ߶ȣĲ
ҾҪ̤ɵۡ
ҶȲû˿Լܲܶɹɵ۴٣Уɵ۴ʲôĿ꣬Լ٣ԼľϵУվɵ۴٣Ҷȸд֡
㣬Ǿʧȥҡ
棬ѡУǰһУսңʲôǶ壬ΪԼŬʵԼ磬򷨡



861 ɵۣ2
ҶͷͻʮףӼ̣󷨡ӡ飬Ϲ֮ϣ̫¯ȼȵ
˲䣬ҶȾƬ硣
ÿһκһž޴࣬̾Ϊֹ
Ƕ۾ɣ
߶һӰ˳ľʵǶ۾ҶȴһӡǶ۾Ȼ˫ͫ⣬ײСЪ˹ҶȣɱҰɣȡҵ֮ԭҪ㣡
ϻģǶ۾̤ɽ磬ҴһٵĶ֣ۼ֤ͻɵ۰ɣңһҪ㣬գһУҵģҵһУδģ
δģ
Ƕ۾֣ӷԲѣδʲôǲţõҲȡδûδ
ҶȵһЦŭҲδݣƵ˵ҲȥԼδ޳ģ֪Լɾͣȹ̵ĵǶ۾δ㿴ҲģҵδһǲѤģϧûһ죬Ϊ֮ҾҪ㣬Ϊɵۣ
Ƕ۾ŭЦֹ
һôǿĴڣȴҪҶȶᣬҶȵĶֶΣԶˣһᣬǶ۾һУҶȵġ
һУֻһжʵһУʮֻܶ˿ԶԪ˿ԶֻʣһˣԶȫԪ񡢾Ѫ
һеһˣǾҶȣ
ȻֻǺģģҶᣬɽҲ˳ħ𣬿ûеˣ˵Ҷܶ˵һУһˣȴԶҲĪ
֮ᣡ
Ƕ۾棬Ҷȿʼﻮ׼ɽ٣óӣע̫¯ִһ֮
ôյ
һ̣Ƕ۾ŷ֣ǰСʿֶʵǲ˼飬ѹյǳۣ󣬶ա
ںϣ
Ҷʮ֮ںԪγɱ㣬Ҫ֮ǰ׼ӭɵ۴١
׼ʮ꣬һƴḶ́ʱ䲻֪ţֱҶȫ׼ã͹ȥˡ
ˣͷŰɣ
Ҷ񷣬̾ͷķӡʱȫԽʮ׵ʼܿγƽϢع
ֻӿֳĽƣڷڣսȻȥΥ㣬İء
ˣԼǿ͵͵ȡ˷֮󣬲ſʼΪƷµ
ܶٸԪһδεش޽壬ģᱻ˲ϵУȥ
ЩҶȵǰ˵ǲ˼ģɵۣٺ󣬿֤ޣ֤໨ŴۣҶȾͷ׷󣬲ǵһһֲй켣
Ҫ켣֮ϣԼ㲻ӡǡ
䣡
ڱڶ籩꣬磬׷ףеΨһĿľֹҶȽɵۡ
СӣҲòϣǸ̬һɵ۴٣ʮ֮һҪˣҪ㣡
Ƕ۾˹٣ŵùǺ
ֻҪңǺǣҪңЩ취Ĵܣʵµķ򣬴磬һֱ޲ߣú˲ϵĺ̿ǰţе磬Ƕ۾ĲܿģȦȦ磬ҿģĹǿգ
ɫˣǶ۾
һ٣٣Ƕ۾Ϣһ£ͻƴ٣Ȼ㣬һУҽ
ҶָһץǶ۾͹ԹԵط硣
ҶȻվһɵ۴٣Ŀ飬ˣһ٣ҶĵģبſĵһˣţľѪԽɵۣȫ
ֻҪԪҶֻҪһξѪͿԸȻҲеɵۣһҪͨʵ
ûֶʵǾƽƽӹ֮ˣԶضţ
ϴ󣬵һ٣һǡɷ׻𡯣ǡӣϴ٣Ӧǡ
ۿҪ٣ҶȺ֮ʱħƺ֪Ҷ飬ʼҶȡ
Ҷɻ󲻽⡣
ƵˣٷһϹŴڵĿ£ԸʴκҺ壬γɺˮĺµģţ֮£
һ
Ҷ񷣬Ȼڴ֮УһɹɵİɫҺ壬·ȼգַ·ǾֹģԽԽ࣬ЩҺģƺ٣ƺǷ磬ġ
ܿ죬ҺǧϪˮ㼯
һ޴İɫֳˡ

ж೤ͷΪͷһˣԼа׿ڲϵǰɫҺ壬ƺǻ棬ϵطա
ꡫꡫ
ڽˣ
ÿһν٣ڱڣһҰޣҶȱϮɽռ䶼ڲϵƽ٣ģηȻǿȻǰǼһ
ɣ
Ѿȼգ򣬵ҶȾȻֱӷգ˫չ죬Ҳʼ趯
ȻСһؾˣ
ϯʱҶԺֻ֣ɵۣ
䣡
͵ײҶȣҶȶʱͱײȥһѪ̼䣬ǰӴš¸Լ˫ȣ𽥵룬Ƶģ޷ֹ
ҶǿҵظӦӵһ޷ܵĸʴΪһ壬ҶС޷ȥɷ
ء
ҶǣϵޣƺܵҶپ޴вβֻһڣͳҶǰǷ֮С
Ȼû˿ƻһĻҶȸ޷ţ޾Ȼ죬Ͱѷң֮ûа㲻ʣƺŭˣ
Ҷħ˵
ֻܳϣ̫뺷ˣ
ڣٻҪǰˣҶɽپʧȥ壬㣡Ҷһ߶̫һ
ٿ
޾ʵʵصҶȼϣصؿţƺ˵Լԩ˵Ҷŵˣˣ𰡣
ûޣҶȿʼܷ飬ÿԼһο飬ȫʧȥҡ
ʱ˿̣ҶȱѪģ
ʵڿ£ȻҶѪȫ飬ʼƤѪ⣬¶Ѫǡ
֨֨
ѪײȻ˻ǣ˻磬Ҷļ̣濪ʼ档
һѪǱɣôҶ٣Σˡ


862 ɵۣ3
ѪǣҶķ
ȻԵ
Ҷһֱûзûд߶ֿҪ״̬£Լֵܷס
֤ҶȵȻǿûʶ£ٶȲǺܾˣҪһˣĸȥðգ˵˲ͱɵãͷӶҲ
ϴʵȳˣ
ڵر֮⣬ԶٷΧĳħ𣬽¿һĻŲҶȻᵹ֮£ΪҶʵҶֶΣҶȲΪԼĥԼҪɹٷкܶ֡
ҶȾӱ٣ֱǰԿ٣ط顣
Ƕɽٵڣ
ʱ֮Уķƺ÷ӦҶҪиǿȥݻҶȣҶʧڽɵ۵Ĵ֮ǰ
ĺãȻˣҲҪʼ߶޲ǿ״̬Կɵ
ɱ䣬ҶҲҪʼʩչԿ˿ֲ˼ɵ۴
ɲǼ䣬ϿճķֱҶȵģҵسγɾ޴תУҪҶȴ棬˷ɣ
˿ȥҶȾһҶڷ˼ϵСۡ
ڴ˿ѤŰɣ
ģ̲ģͬش٣ţ
߶̫һʩչۼѪʱ˿̣һֳ̾һ档
Ѫڷڣʼӿ򱻷µ˴עѪ⡢硢֮Уϸһֲ̣ͬﳬǿķʼѪ⿪ʼ
Ҷ崥Ŀĵ˴¶ǵĵطѪ⿪ʼᣬϣʢػָ̾ΪֹҶȫ߶£˴ʼϣѪǱѪڸǣһõʼչֳ
ɣҪȱңü֧أҪݻңҾƣϣ˭ң
ȼյ־̵ĵģҶʯڷ룬ܾ˺ľ޴ʹ࣬Ҷȼ˫ѡЦţش߶̫һɵķʼ
һƽ壬ȴӵо޴Ǳ޷ڳͷ֮֮磬ȫһд͸࣬һˣǲҲҪǧȥָҶȣȴ̶ʱͻָˡ
ΪʲôΪгԽ˵
βģԽǿκơԳܣӿԼٻָ
Ҷȸоضʧˣ
ֻзΨһģ
ޡħϵ˺ҧ˺Ҷ˺ƤѪ⣬ʹ࣬ʹ಻һΣͬʱ޷ƵĴ
٣˿ֲ
ȡ߳߳
ϵر˺飬ɣҶȻۣʱʱܼ׹¶Ѫⱻɣ˿йͣ߶з飬һһ롢һһ쿹ȥ
޷ܷĥزס־һɶپͻ㳲
֮
ҶȸоһȦƵģƤûˣȫʺѪ⣬ֿʼΪҺ壬ֻΪĴڣһ㡢һգع鵽ٺ֮
ڣҶֳȥҶھʵ־Ŀ⣬ʹֵ࣬ģ˷նɹһش١
ء
ƺоҶȲܵв޻ͽһɰԴҶȾȦһ䣬ڰοҶȡ
ϴ󣬵ڶԪ٣ΪƷ籩һԪ籩ʮӴ󣬹죬ԪΪǿͻᱻƷ籩÷飬䣬ҡƷ籩ҲŶɽʵԽǿԽ󣡡
ħԶ˵
Ʒ籩
٣Ҷȵйţй˽⡣
Ʒ籩һԪͨԪ籩ɣ磬ǽµʣиԪӡϳΪƷ籩ϵعԪԪ̣ȻƷ籩
Ԫ󡭡⣬ӵ޵񣬱Ԫ󣬾ιۿԪУҵԪͿȳۣ
һ٣ڶԪ٣٣Ҷ˵»ǿԪӲ˼飬Ϊӵ
߶ޣҪԼΪԿƷ籩ƶ
߳߳
ʱǿµĴ٣ᣬ׵ݺᣬϽ٣ҶΧϵعҺڷҶһĶԿҪ١
ˣ
ҶͻȻһΪ֮ܵУһɿֲӴԪϵ𶯣񷶼ڲ
̱˫ۣ߶̫һͷԪ񣬾Ϳ٣һɺԪ籩ٺ֮аƿֲ粻ϵسϯԪ籩Ʒ籩
Ʒ籩ɣͬԪҶҲ޷һһ࣬Ʒ籩ȻֱԪԪ޷ס¶ҪͻȻ
Ʒ籩ƴնֱӽ볣̬δ޴Ħ̫һҲ޷Ʒ籩ʵ޷޵־Ħġ
ΨңԪƣ
һ̣ҶȼоԪͻȻһ㡣
ꡫ
ʱƷ籩صϮֱӰҶԪΧȻγ壬ʼתÿһתǧζԪĹ
ҶȵԪֻоԼ֮⣬ֻкԪƷ籩о̩ɽҲƷ籩»Ϊ촷ۡ
ʱҶȸоԼͷĿѣԪʼܿƣƷ籩ߡ˺顢Ԫܣ
ã
Ҷȹ̱ԪеľʼӿԪԪΪһ壬һع档
Ʒ籩ʵҶȴ۾ֲ̫ˣݿҪݻԪҶԪǿ󣬼̣ʱػѾݻٵ߰˰ˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶԪȫپĵʱأ᳹ʧ

ƺƷ籩ǳ־ùͻȻƷ籩ڡݺᣬתٶȼӿʮҶȵԪ󣬾ȻһȦһȦرƷ籩˺飬ɣڼٰԪʵƻˡ
ҶȲûп־壬ǲԪ󣬵ȹ̵Ԫغ㣬ȻƷ籩ҪҶȾȫ߶Ԫʼת
͡
˲䣬Ʒ籩޴ĦҶܵش˲һѪԪɹѹأʼƷ籩һһ໥Ԫ˿Ҳ·硣
Ʒ籩Ҷȫ£ҪһеƣڣҶȾΪҵļš
ʱ䣬Ȼζعȥ
ҶһģֻжԿ٣ػԪ󣬲϶Ʒ籩⣬ֲܣ֮ķҲڵֿɡ
Ʒ籩ֵסˡ
¹ȥҶȲ˿ͻȻоѹ٣ԭƷ籩ջ޷ԽҶȵļ֣ʧ
ҶȷԼԪɽ֮ǰʮ֮һƷ籩Ȼʮ֮ŵԪ


863 
û뵽ڶش٣˵ѸͣĿ죬ȥҲ죬Ԫ̣һ֮䣬ͻᱻ״ݻ٣
ҶȲ˲ͷ麹оӦ֪꣬绨ήƵģҶȱ֡뱣ǿ֮ģڵǸˣԪ񾭹Ʒ籩Ȼˣֱǿ󡢼̡
澳֮гɳҶȵֶġ
٣ǲҴ٣ӦǶԵġ־Ŀ飬ңÿ˶ڸԼλ
һ̣Ҷ֪٣Ȼûо޴ʹ࣬ȴǶеģ־һֿ飬ͬٲ࣬Ѱҳң̤ɵһأʲô
ܶˣɹ̫ãʧԼˣҶȼ̫̫࣬࣬ڳͷ֮磬洦ǣЩߣĵط칬䵽ͷ֮磬ж塢ֵ

ҶͻȻоɷ٣ƺˣҲκΪһִ״̬ǵ٣Ҵٵ״̬
٣ʵǶԷ򡢶ҵϴͻһأһɵۣ㶼ȥã
ħػϷȻʱʱ̿עķҶȱ֣֮ƾ͸Сġ
ΪҶѾǰҶȣ̫ǿУ̫Σգ
֮УƮ磬ҶȷԼ˯ãŸոѣͻȻԴˡžžžĴ
ѵ
Ҷ˫ۣǣûƿǰ翣ֹһ󣬾ͼڳƳҶ֮УҶȶһˣ򹦣ʱҲ꣬ƺſʼ䣬ʮֿЦ
һסľĴ
ʱļ䣬ҾȻǵˡҶεҡҡͷúοŴСͿʼ󹦵Լнĳɾ͡
ҶȾšԼ꿪ʼϰ󹦣ļ仯ҶȺȻԼͷ˲٣Ҳվһ̨֮ϣǰӳһ꣬ϸһҶȾȲѣȻ
ЦƳǵţҶȣɣ
ҶһЦĿˣָһȭͷ֨֨رؼ׼ң۸ҶңãҪ㣬ؼҿҶһһ죬ΪƳǵһ壬ңҲΪŵĵӣ
𣿡صվ
߲ȭ
ҶͻȻһƳһѾǰٶȼ죬ץסʱһȭȻûзӦҶΪƳ֮ͬУһţҪǰİֱ׾١
ʵԸΥ
ȭͷҪʱȻҶ޷ٶȣʧԷһƾȻֱ֮ϡ
꣡
̫ͻȻҶֻ˾ͱɣһ̣Ǹ䳰ȷЦݡ
ҡҡǷ
ļ죬ĳƻ裬һ䴦
Ҷ޾ɡһǷϵؾǽǣһذףѪһεεĵ䣬ȼ䡣
ҹ˵ϣ˼˵ϣüߣҾǷǷͰҲûţۣ
һоͰϣˣﻹѷ죬޷УҶȲţʵ飬ƺ죬塢ˣǰ˵ţ߸𣬵ڣֻвϵļЦ
ԭû壬һŸʲô͸ʧΪգ˻ڡ
Ҷڿÿ˵۾ڳЦܡ
峤ͱȥȶҪһ˾һ
ۿҶҪУ˽ԼʱͻȻ洫˵Ƭ̡
ܶ°ؼξȻصôҪװҶңڽ£޷ᣬȶһ˳л¡ҵĶӣô궼ȥˣȶףո͡
⣬ҶԶһ̾ϢشҶȵĶ䣬ƺҪݣ˵֮Զȥˡ
ѵ
һ̣Ҷж̽˫л䣬ͻȻվþ·Ѫɾˮصϡ
ʲôζ
ҶͻȻ£һ±һζ
ǰȻһ޴໨ߡ
໨Ŵۣ
໨ߣҶ˵̫ϤҶȵõ໨ƤҲõ໨Ŵ۵ĴУҶȷ֣һϵ֮ͨУǰͻȻһ޾ƯŸ档
໨Ŵ˺ۣ뻯ʬͬȴڵȻŪǱ󲿷û֮УƴϵǰΣûоͷ
ҶԶȥ֮໨ŴۣεΪεȴڣȻڳ֮·ϣŪ
ûкˣûѡͷϵľͷ
û໨Ŵȥսɽ֮硭Ǻڣ
ԼԼ䣬ʬ˵ҶԪȻͳȴ˾η
ֻвǰ
ꡭꡭ
ֻ໨Ŵ۲ζɾİҶȼ˽׶εİ֮ԽС˭Ҳ֪ľͷͨľͷʲô
Ҳֻˣ֪𰸡
籾ޣﶼޡ֮УϷ֮УϷ֮ˣΪѡ֮ҵĵҵ·Ҳܿ٣Ϊ󣡡
أ֪һѡԼĵͻɵ֮㽫Զûкѡ񣬴Ӵ֮ĵɽܴƿΪۣɽķ赲ز㣬ֻһѡ׼˰ɣ
Ȼ֮䣬һϤˣҶԺ֮Уһߣеˡ
޵ˣ
޵ֻڣģ㿴ңһУеɻԼԻᶨԼ𣿲ŲţӴ֮㽫ӵÿ˶ӵеġħ
ħҶȶʺϤڹжħֽܣħԼڰһ档
ᶨʵϷ򵱳ҲᶨԼѡ֮һðգһӵ֪̽δǱ븶ܶ࣬ħɵ۾磬Ҫٵһ޴սˣᱻħɣ֮ħͻᵮνңֻңħǶġ
޵˵Ҳ֮ʧ
Ҷȵ磬һλָƽҶҪĹͷѾɽٳɹֻҪһϴ
ء
˿̣ϹڵַΧ֮УҶͬʯħվϷһֱ˷
ȻͷޣܵʲôͻȻҶȶ䣬һͣĽлţԽԽ٣
ž֮⣬ʵڿ¡
ʲôо
ر֮ϣħȻܵ޵쳣δģһ쳣Ծóħüģһħ⡣
ԡⲻٵϢ
ħָüһ㣬ǵۣƺӳ˯֮оѣԾţȻûֳǳħ𽥵ԾƺҪʧһʱҪƿյ״̬
أ
ȻҶȽлʼҡβͣƺовϧҶڽ״̬֮УûзӦ
ٿ
ͻȻҶȵǰһӰȻԽ٣ֱӳҶȴ


864 ѪսǬ
ӰʵͻأԽճӣ·Ӱںڰ֮УҪҶһɱ
ء
ҶȻڴ״̬֮УȫӦвҲҶΣյʱ̡
Ȼÿ˵ɽ٣ʱ̣˰ôɽ֮ˣɡ
޹Ȼ͸Ӧ仯һֱҶȣϧҶȾûзӦӰɱУβһ˦Ϳ󷽳ֵĹӰ
Сӣ¶ټˣΣҿ˭ܾ㡭
Ӱͬħڨڨ̰ضҶȣһٴζҪҶռݣܡδҵģ
͡
һеĺӰҶգ۾Ҫɱ
͡
š
ۿӰҶȲһ׾ʱͻȻһħӰٶȲӰǰѺӰһΪħӰȻһУںӰ֮ǰӰôش͸ơ
ٿȻӰħӰôͣգ
û뵽СӲߵˣҲ˲ҵǿۣ
ӰȻû뵽Լٶ빥ܱ۶ӣȻǬƽ޾ĳ
ǬĴħӰħӰüģһ⣺ħСӣҪΪУŲ֪Ǻεȴڣ
ħӰٿȻǳħƣǬӰ̴ϵѪ
һЦ֪ʹǺɱңҲǺεȴڣҲɱ
Ǹ˲ţҵҰɣҵӦҲС˵ǴԪǬڵĴܣңӵδСһһֻ㲻ǣ
ǬǬʱ򣬻ίߣջȳ²֡
ûʸ񣡡ȴħؾ˳һ䳰Ц

Ǭ¶˳һԪĳۣôĿֱֲֻһ𣬳ħͱӰ˳ȥ˿ûз
֪ôСӣһҵģ߳ԪĹؼ
ǰûܱҶȣ赲ǬɭɭػӶӰҶ͵شĶȥ

һոմ̳ʹһĶ棬Ǭо޷⣬һȻһС嵲Ŀֲǰ
֮
һжڵʯ֮䷢
ͻȻȥҲͻأ
İɫ޽ŹһգݺݵԾһնǬš

ǬٿҲջع˲ʧŹս׵ĳħ𣬴֮߳ͷͷսףֳ֮߳Ƶսףˡ
ħɭɭһЦںϵĸоʵ
ѵǴеսף
Ǭһ߳Ӱȥ٣ͨΪųħ𣺡ɵ۾磬ںһոսҲҲ⣬ƵڶԪ
ǬȻҪƼԪЦѾûδħȫһ
С֪úãϻȶСӣٱǵһ˿ԪǿֶΣγΪ󣬽࣬㲻֪ҵʵڵģ
ɲǼ䣬Ǭһš
䣡
˲䣬ħڵգȻȫͬˮʧȥκ·ʧȥ˥ˡ
ħ޷һ£ȫ޷ڽƵĿУһһʽһɺɫϹâصڳħϣսħˣͱҷ֮ңѿӰ
ǿ̬Ǭʵֱһһأ
֪ô
Ǭʱ˳ĿҶϣҶȲĿ꣬ѾҶȵĲ
콣
ħֳˣǬʱˣȻѪⶼںս֮УѪ֮롣
ȫսںϣˣһ
ϧľ̫ͣһ㳬Խһ㳬ۣȴҲҵĶ֣
ħͨﵽ쳣ֲ߶ʱһУնɱκڵĳۣսڵĳۣǣվڳħǰѰĳۣǳ֮еľ
ֻǬһľͻΪľ⣬һɫ⣬ڳħʩչںȻһʱֶųħһ⡣
͡
ɫֱӾս׷ѽΪѪҺ״̬µĳ壬
ħͬʧһ㣡
С󣬵ۣҰɣǬѾһܿģͬڣһУ˼ɱ˳ħս޷赲
үү㣡
ȥĳħͻȻħѪӿָѪսΪһ壬һһضǬչһɱ
Сӣ˵ʵǰʮ֮һδָô״̬Ҳҵʮ֮һ֣֪ҵĲ˰ɣȫʤʱڵң㻹ܵɪ
ǬǶŭˣʮ⣬˵ɱһɱɱһΣҲɱ̻һ磬ɫһ
ںɫ˲䣬ħͬƵģ޷Ǭ֮ͨ
͡
ɫȻٴսףش̴ħţȻǬǶɱģ
ߣ
Ǭӳħ𣬼Ҷȥ
ѵֶΣ
һǬͷƤ顣
һħȻһοЦ·ɱУӰ죬ֱƴСǿӵв֮ǬһգСӣԭҲһ汦ҵ޼նɱκˣȻЧбҪҪߣ
£ǬȻƵע⣬˭óħ˵죬ʵȫ޷Ǭ⣬ܣȷʵǬĪ
ž
˿̣ҶȣͻȻ˫ץסһϵķӡ忪ʼ飬ӡ֮УһβͬѰѪҺ
ϹѪ
ǬƺǵѪǳ˽⣬˲ҶѪ壬绢ҶȱȥúãϹѵãȻѵõСӣֱǳȫңϹǽƫ棬ڤڤ֮Уȫ˱
ۣ֮⣡
ħѪɫһ˿ѪɫûУԭǲǣȴˣǬҪҶɱͷҪҶʱȻһҶָüһ㣡
㣿Сӣҵģ㲻ǰɣǺãҾͰһһģ
ǬɥĲ񣬾Ȼ˶취һһ飬ֱȶħ޻硣
ħͨһ̣Ϊ˸Ҷڳʱ䣬ںѪɵۣòʩչ
ųħָüһ㣬֮У˵Ŀ齫ͨۡɽͷˣ
ţ
ǬͻȻֹͣԳħĹΪоħ壬ӵһսϢ
Ϊʲô
ǴԪǿߣǿ߽֣վɽ۷ǿߣȻһ޷ץסĲ


865 ӳ죬۲
ɱ
ڣħָŲ֮ϣȻûһ˿ħ£һɴĺȻԡ
Ĺ⻷ȫͷţ
ĵֻۣһԵ䱦ʯԨͷصâƺֻۡ
ôܣ
ԪǬɽҲҲڶˣڵ̫ãӵ˳
ʲôǣȴûмӵеֻ۵ĴڣңֻۣǬƺһϢ
ΪܴԪͨ˳ԽɽĴڣҪԽɽ磬ŻһδαܹԪ
ǬȻģڴʱ˿̵ĳħ𣬼ɵ֣͵ҡͷ޷ǰһУ㡢㡢ѵһǡ󣿣
Ҿ󣬼ȻǬ޵еģ㲻뱻ѹٹ
ħƺû뵽Ǭᱻ̺ܣΪ󣬵ȷħһ㣬ԣһݣȻǬϱ̬֣罫ƾͼƣ߾ߡ
󣡣ΪʲôΪʲô
ƺǬȴڣɽ޵еǿߣҲԹŭס
ƺסˡħУ°գһֻѾ뿪ɽ֮ۡ
Ǹͱƭˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǭ侲ɭɭһЦٴҪȡħ𣺡ΪӲСӣԭҲӵо޴󱦲صı
סˣ˹ȻǺƭġ
϶ӵһ׵Ҳ㣬п磬ӵĴУСӣ⣬û뵽ǬҲһ죬ЩŰɣҲΪ󣡡
ǬһЦȻ͹ϳħ۵أȫƿسħڵĿռ䣡
ħ޷ƺԤϵ۵ֻۣͨҵĲһĹâٿһӵֻ
޼⣡
ŴſֲԵ۹âκνͳͳ·գǬ״һͬʱһƣľһɫ⡣
һ⡢һ⣬֮лòʹ⡣
䡫
â֮䣬ײȼ棬ɹâȻ˭Ҳܺˣƽɫ֮У໥ɣγһȼա۵Ļâ硣
Ȼԣ񵽱ˣ
գǬЦȳƣħħͷ۹âԿѣ̰׼ͷŸǿ
֮ħúȻȫͬǰĳħۣƺͬ칬ִߣ׳ͷֻ۵ıϵСڿݽߣۿҪɫѹȥħ˫־Ȼץɻ棺ȼ
ǬһЦɣΪȼҲ޼£ԿʮΪʲôأû֪֮
ߣ
ħɲԷʼȼɱΪҶȣϧѡֶҴش۷ʽȼǬ⡣
ٿٿ
ȻעȼħͻȻʮֻۿʼĲ⣬Ӿ޴ǿ
޼⣬Ǭһ
Ǭһ̱ѹʵ޷ţóۣͷ֮ѹ״̬ʮ֮һǶԸһûгΪɵۣѾ´ࡣ
޳ģû뵽ħѲڣһϹŶ֪жֶΡ
֮
һ̣ǬһҪħͷŸǿ֮ʣһͷɵ֮ӰͬԶˣֳ֮Ǭ߳ɣһ
ϴ󣬼ʱ̫ʱˣ
ħͻȻ˿ٲ֮ǰǱֻۣԶغϱ
ʲô
ȫȫ⣬ԿħǬʵûע⵽Ҷȵֻоһɵķɵ
޼ң
ʱ䣬Ǭ޷뷴Ȼʩչһ˼ͨȫ£ȻͿʼʯΪ޼ʯһںشڡ
¡
ꡫ
ͻɵ۵Ҷȣȫʩչ֮жôֲңԵ޼˻״ȼӣŵ˲˼֮
ֱ֮ӳڻΪʯƵ޼ͷ˾ҵһ𣬽žͱ޼˻Ϯ

Ҷ˿ǿһǵҶȾͲţǬӵжԿֶΣ
ɽ磬ԵҲܶԿҶȳԽ˵һơ
䲻⣬Ǭ޷Ĵ
ơ
Ҷ׼ͻɵۣҲնɱǬӡǬֶ̬Σһεĳħԡ
ħҶȣ˵ʧȥˣȫѱǬΣٲ˼ָҲ޼£ΪǬ޼ڳħƣ޼֮óħ޷ӿָٶȡ
ء
ˣʱƺע⵽ʲô仯Ҷȣ
Ǭ
Ҷעһ̫һħڣʱطӡסƣȻתŭ׹֮УǱ߳ȴûܵ󰭵Ǭ
ǬȻûʲôˣԲϲ٣ɱصҶȣ޲ðҶȳԵСӡ
ּˡ
ҶȵǲΪԷࣺͷ֮һ𣬲ѣȻǴң˿Ϣᣡ
ӵڳͷ֮磬ǬζҶȶ֣ҶȾǬȻͻߣʱʱ̲̿ڰѰһᡣ
Ȼˣ
ϹĻ㣬Ͷ㣬ֻ˵ǳߣûϹ㻹˭æ㣿ǬȫҶȵ˵
ҶͻȻȵһһϹ֪ǰ岻ʥޣѾ̤޸߸ߴڵֵۣͼĴڣ֮ǰ빧㱰΢ӣ
Ǭ˿ŭӵ⣬ЦȻں۲Ѫ
еʥޣΪ߹ޣǬõ̫࣬µʱˮһգ
Ҷʴʵȫɱ䣬һɵۣվ߾ͷǿߣʣ¶ߡ׵ƣǬԻȻͬһ߶ȡ
ҶȵĴɱ䣡
ӳͷ֮нģڵõĴɱ䣡
ҵģԱߵСӣͳͳҵģ㣬ȴû뵽ժ˹ӣͳͳ˯ɣ
ǬȻٴζˣһΣϢǿƺʵһʼӡ
˵ôϻʵס㣬ΪҪʩչһͨߣǬ´ٲ׽ҵϢԺɽ٣һԶԶģ
㣬㱻ˣˡ龻֣ɱأ޳ȼ߶𵤣
һ̣ǬҪпռʱҶȴһЦɱ⣬̣һ޵Ļ龻֣˷ը
ಡ
ҶűըΪԭʧ


866 ɾɵ
ȼ𵤡
Ż龻ֱһɱҶϢܣ޵ı磬ǬͻȻ޼ͻͻͻذѱըѹСӣɶ񡭡ߣҲҪ֮أ޼׷٣
ԳۣԪǿߣֳǷĿֲͨ
ͻȻҧָһξѪ޼ĺɫ֮ϣѪವʧ
޼׷٣
˫һɺɫ߶޼Ǭʱ趯ͬħƵģֻ޼ͻȻһ⡣
ٿ
ɫ⣬Ȼʧǵԭʧա
Сӣ㲻ҲҪѲƤ
ǬҶˣˣȷˣˣڶôһܣ£Ǻɫʧգʩչ޼ϢСӣʲôݡǰΣǧ棬̫СˣɳΪۣ㣡
˿̣
ϹˮأңԶգ
Сǧӿٶȣ
Ѿӳ̫Զ̫Զ߶Сǧȼ߶ȫҶ֪ǬЩϹŶֲʱ̲ܵģҪӵøԶԶſȫ
ء
Ȼ޶żٵ˵ĺ󷽹գһ
ħţ쳣ֱ˵ϡϴ󣬲áǬ겻ɢȻдֱͨӴգҽд׷ɱ
䡭
仰ճڣһɫ⣬ȻʣٶȫԽСǧͬҹ֮е磬ֿѸͶ
¡ˣ
ҶѾΪ߶龻֣ڸոͻɵ΢£ħ𣬱òȼ𵤵ŴǬǰߡ
Ϊӳ죬ͣȼ߶֮ȼյȫ߶Сǧա
˵Ѿް취
ħȻվҶߣְüģϴ׷ɱһǬ㾡ȫĹܳԽڣﵽڵĳֻһδ߶ۣȼԿ
һȼգ
Ҷȼæħ𣬴ҶȶԳħ𾴣УһȼգͳԻָ
ϴû취ˣа취һָҲģʱǬɱ֣ҶûаӰ죡
ڴ֮ʣħͬ״磬վȻһЦ
Уһ취
ľҾҶ֣ҲһǬȫһ
ءء
ҶȡԾ񣬺ް취ʱ޺ȻƯҶȵǰƺܼӡ
ϴ󡭡ҪȥԸˣǬͻȻɱʱסǬһУ
ħǿ޵˼ˣս
Ŷ
ֵܵǬûһӰ죬ǺεȵҶһİشޣʯʯѣޣҶȻ޷ҽҶȾ͵ͷȥɣ
أ
ٿ
ͬ˷ۣβһ˦ͷɳСǧ㣬ջһ컡ߣͣղˡ
ɽյô£޾Ȼ壬ƺɽһ壬ƯգƺʲôȻӿʼͣһ
治֪ʲôޣоֲͨޡħƣ˫ۣ仯ޣŪף̥ʲô⡣
䡫
Ǭͷŵ׷ɱһֲĺɫ⣬ͬѰشգκʣǻڰǿգϯ֮ƣҪޣȻٰռĿ꣬ҶħĨɱ
һĻˣ
Ŵֲͣ׷ɱͱһȥҲƣҷɡ
ৡ
ҶʩչԪգһ֣޸ץסȻһ֮С
ء
޼Ҷȣ̾˾񣬵һȻֶųħԴ·ħˣˣ硣
ء
ûãƺǬĿֲܵӰ죬һ¾û˶֪ǻԴһȻطҶȼͷ
ԶˡҪʱȥ
ħ𿴵óû£ֻΪɶ˯ȥˣͷС˯˯ֳԡ
Ҵ۽ˡ
Ҷȸޣ˴󹦣Ҷħξ㲻Ҳڶʱָ
磬һʺУǴ˻ĵأʮֵĳ棡
ִԽƬճӣСǧȻ˵ˡ
ã
Сǧ֪ҶħҪʲô˸ոɿʹշӶһƬ޼ʵĻԭ֮С
б壬ҲɽһƬһƬҲлߵƽԭһ֮أ
û°ɣ
һ֮УСǧʧҶصһ£ѯʳħΪħƺʧ
ħһѪϴû£ֻڵ޼֮Կ
ಣ
Ҷȵһ֣ڳħ֮ϣ޼֮ĿֲҶᣬǵһֱ޷ƣħȻҲҶȾֱͷ̫һ޼֮
Լ¹ȥħصҡҡͷһɣˣϴڸҼǧʱ䣬ָܻϻ౦֮Ϊһ
ڵȡʮ֮䣬㹻ڼǧָ꣬ʵ
ҶһȻóһĶ֮ơ
֮ǺöԪܣĪЧϴҲʼɣ
Ͱ֮ģħʼУðѪײֹ졣
Ҷһ壡
ʩչ̫¯ȼգͳ˰ٶ֮ЩҶȽɵۣõķӣ
ΪߣȻ˾Ųнȫ̫һȼһա
ģǼģҶǿ಻ԣͻɵۣȻĴ
ûнɵ۴ٹص
ܣ
ٶ֮汬ˣ֮յɵԪؾۣž޴Ҷȸոսɵּۣȼ˾ŲԪҪõʱ̡
Ԫʼسָ
ɵۡû뵽ͻɵۣС
ȻƮѩҶһֱ£Ǭ˹߾Щǿߣ̫ˣ
ɵһµ㡭ֹ
Ҷٶ
ͻɵۣǬ͵Ϯˣһڳͷ֮磬ҳʱֽšһҵϢɽͷţʩչͨӦҵĴڣɵ۴٣ͷǿҵϢӦ
ˡض֮ĸ󻼰ʱ䣬ҿҲҪǧָܻԪ񡢵У
Щνµһ㣬ǬҵıģӵҵϢҪ֪ҵֶĵӡ칬ҵݣӦòᣬһŶҵװװҽ칬ǲõ칬֪ҵʵݣ


867 ǧң1
ǬֱһŶҶУ
ʵǿ󣬴Ԫֶβ֪ж죬ڳͷ֮磬ҶȻǺܼɵ񣬴ͨ޵УȻͨ٣޴Ľ֮УӦҶȶɽϢӰǱܡ
һ룬ͷһѽ
һεҾϵڶΣǬҾͲţ㻹ֱȥֶңֶ쳬һѣϴۣҲǷһĳۣؼ㻹δָʵ
ʮӶʮʱһҪѹΪܣѪ֮Ѫ𣡡
ҶȺݺ¶˾ģɵۣȻǿǰǱú޻֮һµĸ߶ȣȴһʼǬնɱ˼ǰǬҲֱɱֶ졣
ֶ죬Ҷʱ֮أֶ죬Ҷ޴ȥֶɳΪۣվ
ȥգҶȿʼ̫¯ڲڶֳִ֮߶Ԫʼõָ
Ѫ
ĵʱ䳤֮Уعȥ֮ҶȺȻץһӡǻʬˣѪ֮һ
һΣѾɽٳɹһ̣Ϊ˶ԸǬӵʵһʱںϣں֮ҶȲŻȻ֪Ѫоǻʬ˵ݡ
ɵۣҶȵͨѾз仯ںѪһ̣͸оѪ֮УȻŨҵϢ޵ѪҺʬˣһϹŶһ˵У൱ʥޣ롣
ޣ룡
ҶʵҲʬǰǰղǰǿ󣬻ʬΪλһҹ֮䣬塣
ʵˣ㻯ʬˡǰǿᣬѾȹٵȴҲ޷壬Ǳ칬ѹڳͷ֮硣
ںѪʱҶԺͳ֣һ޴ѹĳһ֮Уòһ޴ķӡѹţ˵ûⲻ˼Ȼۡ
֮еߣ棡
ֲáֲǰڳͷ֮缸αңΪ浱¹ҵˣƣΪǰָˣȻܴϣܵеϢ
˹Ȼ޳ҶȲ뵽ڷ磬彻ãõ濴أĽ죬Ȼõ֮
ۣ߲ͷ֮磬³ܿǱǬܣǱ칬ѹȻ̰취ѹĥܣᱻ˶ߣҲֻתޡ
֮ʱҶȣһΰҶȣҶ֪ˣԶҲ޷Ͽ
ˣѾ˩һ
ϧѪ֮Уֳֻ۵޷֪Ϲͥ칬ʲôޡΪα壡
Ϲͥǰ壬ǰµĴ֮У֪䣬ҲΪϹͥϹͥҵĵˣܶܶ࡭վɽ۷壬Ϲͥ򽻵һҪСģ
ҶץסѪӡۡǰϹͥǰ£ǺεһǿĴڣѪĽѪһҪ壬Ҵ³Ͻ磬³ɽ֮УʣһܳģҲδиϣѪɣΪ壬ΪۣһҪһ֣
Ѫ̫صδ
³룬ʥˣҵļˡѡֵܣʱ䣬һҪΪÿϴ
ҲǬҶ̫ĴҶȲò¶ģҪӿ첽ߵˣʵһһߡ
պѪҶȿʼɵ֮ľ˱仯
þҶ仯ǲģ
ڳͷ̫֮Ϊɵ۽ṩ׼ɵ۴оվôɹˣ仯޷ݣʱ׳һٱÿһ磬һƬӣѪҲﵽȳ۵ĸ߶ȡ
ҶȵĹһǴӨѪҺҲǻƽɫϸǿޱȣΪ磬ؼں۵һѪ
۵˵ĺܶԣѪֱҪҩ
˵ԣǾǰ֮壬ʵ̫ȫ棬İ֮壬Ѫﵽͬ߶ȣŻΪ֮壬Ҷȵİ֮壬ֻûѪ
ڽɵۣǰ񣬲ǳۣҶȾȻѪѳΪѪȻôѾԽһĳۣ۸Ҷ
һѪΪѪʲô
ʲô壬ʸѪѪֻۡ໨ŴۡﵽԲɹٵǿߣڣʸӵѪҶѾվָ߶֮ϡ
ɱ䣬һξ춯صɱ䣡
ȻҶֻѪһǴѪҪУؼҶȵľ̫ŲɵۣɵۻʮݣҴӴͻƣҪǲϵظҶҲи߶ȡ
ǰṼĺһٴվɽ۷壬ҪƽϹͥ칬ıƣȻ־
ɱ䣬ҶΪɵۣٲⱻ۲ڽµߣɵۣһõ󴫳еɵۡ
ɵ֮ģӳͷ֮磬ڴ˿̣ɣ
𵤡ҵĲ𵤣һƬǳ
ȫƿ֮ҶȾͿʼ۲𵤵ı仯
𵤣Ǵ磬һƬ貵Ǻ磬ֻǺ룬ģ磬ֱͨĽ𵤣Ҷһҵ֮𵤵ɱ䣬ҶȿʼоĿʼ
޵ϢϢϢ̫Ϣ𵤵ȷ޵˵޽𵤣ؾһ޵Ľ磬ߣս𵤡
ͬĽ𵤣һ˵ķԼԽ˵ĸ߶ȣˣ޵˺֤ܺһ㡣
̤ɵۣ𵤾Ѿ쳣ȰƷӲȣǾƷҲԿ⣬죬ʹɵۿиַԪأ򣬿ʼ취򡭡
ҶȾر˫ۣעŲ𵤡
ӽ֮ϣܵһִﵽƿֽԲϢ˵ɵ۽𵤴Ӵ˲ý𵤣ȥͨأԪأʼӷ
ſʼ
ٵˣ̤ɵףǣҪأ򣬾Ͳˣ컨аĸɵõӣֻԶɵ۵ͽףʧȥģ緲ˣջȥֻʱޣܳܳ
ҵĲ񷷨ĿǰΪǬ޼ĽҵĲ񷷨ʹʼϵƣκͨںҺڴ
Ӵ˲õĽ𵤵飬ʵڼӲ޷
磬һڱ仯磬·ûоͷͬ񷣬κʡ
һǧȻôȥԪڻָ֮Уָ㡭ͨɵ֮󡣸ͨĲ˼ͨ
Ҷָһ㣬ʱٶⲻھ֮Уʱ䣬ϸϸӵɱڶǧԼڣѾ쵽ǧ꣬ʱ̫죬Ҷץٴλָ


868 ǧң2
֮УƿʣΪҶṩԴԴ
ɵۣ龻־ֳͨ޳ɱˣܴǬͨǰߣΪ龻֣
ҶȽ붨״̬ʼ龻֣
龻ޣǿֶ֮һУ϶ܣҶҲ㱩һˣͨϧ޷ӳӵеĹԣޣҶȾСӹҼҡ
ǻ龻֣컯ȭ޼˻ס֮ȵͨҶȶ޷ӳе
һܺãҶȴӲԹһ㣬ޣڰҲǴӷˣߣ޵УһʼУɳ󣬳Ϊΰ󣬵ΰ漣
Ҷ߹ĵ·ϣһʼУ
һδε̫龻֣һһΣٴιȥֱҶɵʵﵽռ״̬Ž
컯ȭ
ͻɵۣ컯ȭʽңҲ
ɲ飬ҶȽɵ۴٣ʱ컯ȭʽҲΪңɺ𣿲ǣҶͻɵۣңܵõ컯ȭʽĴУңɵ۵Ҵͬġ
ʲô
ҶǬɱڳħΪһδαǬɱʱҶȾѾˡ
ңһУ
ң𷨰壬ҡ
ΪңʵͬνǶҵɱջܿ͸ʶǰңңʱʵڽһյ棬ҡ
֮;̫еԹȥִţδĲ͸ļӣҲηҡӵҡٵҡҡҡħң̫赲˿ҵĴ١
ңǿ˵ҪģסϧԼҪģ̫̫ӣ޵У򷨣ȻҲֻһҵʺһҲԣֶܶԣͣѰңֲҲ㡣
ңң˵ף޵ʱ䳤֮У˭ܼԼΪΪԼļ֡
ʵһ򣬴ﵽɵ֮ۡۡ򣬾ԽԽҪһʧȥңӵħ鷳ˣ
ңֻңɵ۱׵
컯ȭȷ棬̺̫ʽңɵ֮컯ȭֱǧ
ʱ˿̣ںɵң컯ȭʽ֮Ҷȱ޵ι䣬ҶֻоԼĴڣԼΨһĴڡ
ò޵ΰһ̺Ҷ֪Ҫں컯ȭǴﵽǸ߶ȣ
ҶȾʹ컯ȭһʽʼһһʽ졢Ե޵Сң
ֹȥ꣡
Ҷǰ̫ͨһһϣʼԵĴ޼˻ס
ĴУڰȻֿٵصĴڣҲ֮Уվ۷Ĵڣ̫ڤڰǵף޼˻ȻҲǳԽĴڡ
ڰ׾޼ս˻ơ֮Ǵ޼˻ݱľ֮ͨҶȿԸܵԿ׵һдڣǺڰǿͨ
޼˻ǷǷģͻɵ֮ͨȻûиı䣬ɵ۾磬ÿһͨɱøӸĪ⣬Ҫȥ
֮
İͨȻ֮
һţԺڰǿͨŹκ壬Ԫƻᷨӡ飬ڼ㣬ͨϵؼӳ֣󷨣֮
Ҫ˷աƿء־ȵȷ棬ͨںϣͳ֮ȻҶ˵ֻֻ̫ͣдϵ֮޷ӳƿء־ͨ
ǻ
ûлĸΰ
ҶȵԺϵݻ֮Ĺ켣һδɵΪ£֮ϵɵ۸߶ȣ
Ǻܶȥ
ҶѾ޼˻׸ͨϣֻҪ־һʩչ׵̬ͨ
ţְѴ޽塢ɹȵȶһߣɹҶȲɵͻɵۣ֮ѹκõģΪɹξֶɼв
ɹͨƱȲҲΪģңֻӵķģ϶춯أ
ž粻ϽӴɣɵۣҶµĸ߶ȣµ磬ڵ۹ʶعͷȥȥ򵽺ܶණ
ٴɽۣҶȾͲٵģһͨŪˣ޷֮ʲôݡ޶ħᮡΡʲôصҲᱻһɵ۴ú޷֮аӡҩɾسǰǵأŽɵۣͳͳʧ
鹫ӴʱվǰҶҲǷƽ˾
̤ɵۣʵ۱䣬оľı仯ĳԶĸУͻҡ
Ԫ
һعҶȾͿʼ֮֮ͨںϣɲ
޵ҶУʵǾ춯صģ֮ҶΪ߲֮̾ʣԪ֮Ψһһ׹УѾޱȣҶҲƾԪڳͷ֮һ·նǬ֣ԣԪҶо޴İ
һ㣬֮ںϸ֮ͨУӶݻ̺޵ͨ޼սһں֮ͨԪӵ֮ͨϢȻ£չ޷ĹֶΡ
˵ԪռŵֶΣ
ǬȻ֮ǹ޼֮ԪҲǲضãң޵˳ɹɽ磬ǬҲ޵˴ʱ仹Ҫãһֱδ̤һأһ֤֮޼֮֮ϡ
Ԫں컯ȭ֮ȵ֮ͨںϸջǽ𵤵ǳ磬գΪ
һУͬˮһ㾭һδη룬£մﵽʱҶȾֹͣУǳ֮ͫ˲Ͱͫͨ
ָоԣ
ҶȺȻоԼһ֣羡ͷĸоһеĸӦޱʵһ񣬾ͿԴȻ֮УȻԪأľˮ硢׵ȵԪء
ֻҪһ߶ͬͻᱬԪͨһͷŻϵͿ˲ƿȻеĻϵԪأĻͨ
ɵ۵Ȼںϡ
һǧȥǧꡭǧôָš
оԣﵽ״̬̫һҲҪȥԪ󲻵ָұƵģΪһƬǺһ޴ں֮УػҶԪ
Ψһģʱʧ̫죡
ָ䣬ǧͻΪ˹ȥ


869 ǰǶɽ
Ƕ۾ܴﵽɵһ۷״̬
ȫָΨһҶ˵ǲȱڣһҶȰ󣬶ҪᣬҶﵽ۷塣
ȻǶ۾Ҫˣ
һµ޷ֻأΪ飬Ϊܣˮ֮Ԩ
Ƕ۾һӡգҶɲǣ˫ۼڳѪɭɭŤţͬ˶ħ˿̺޲ðҶڹȡģԺȽҶȲݡ
Ƕ۾Щ䣬ǺôģҲˣܴǬִԪĳǰߣҵֶΣͲģһУȫңҲȫɾԪӵʯͻƳۣΪ󣡡
ҶʥׯϡּǶ۾Ĺޣ壬·ߣˣᳬԽ㣬ɾδҲһ
Ҫ㣡
Ƕ۾ţ
ϧҶΪͻɵۣ˵ӡǲӡʵҶҲֻҪһоնɱ
ǧ꣬ҶѲǵ֮Ǹţ
˵䣬ûЧ龻֡սˣһ֮ɢᣡ
ҶȲŹһ˿ԣʩչ龻֣ĨɱսǶ۾ˣӴˣûзҲű٣ȥ
Ƕ۾˫ۣطҶ֮¡
񷷨򣡡
ᣬɣҶȲǰ̫һѪʩչɵ۲дͨܣڷ֮£κҪݻ١
Ƕ۾Ϊɵ߽ףҶȰǰʽǶ۾Ҫһ󹦷ƽǶ۾ӡûҶȲſǶ۾
Ƿ̺˾Եƿսᣬڷ֮£κ󷨡̼ͻ߽⡣
ȻͬСһҶץĵǶ۾Ѳǵ۰֮ҶȾЩɥľǿߡ
񷷨Ҷ߶һǳ֮⣬˲Ƕ۾žž˲ͱ񷷨̺Ψһ÷飬ҲǶ۾˾ȻΪһžѪ
򵥶ˣ
Ҷſ죬Ͱʺ죬Ƕ۾ϸԪ񡢾Ѫͳͳһ塣
Ȼ䣬ڲѪǿʼӿǶ۾һţߣֻϧɽ磬֮УԪ֮ԪһжΪ˸Ҷʼ֮Ѥš
ֱΪԪоĽʽʵԡ
˲о˾ͳ͵ɱˡȵֶΣֻҪܻȡΪǿߣκ˶ԥȥѡ
Ϊ˹߾ؽ౦ۡϼ־ͷ˭ȥ׷λǿֻ֮𣬼ĽҶ˵ɱ֮ˣҪ
ʱ䣬͹ۿԪ񣬳Ӧòˡ
ɽ֮ҶȸоԼﵽɵһ۷壬Ҳǰﵽ۷壬ͻƸоҪ
Ҷȿһ۶ѩ֮ϣħͷǹ򣬲ͣں϶֮иҶȶ֪ٻָħô֪꣬ᡢɱ˶ˣȡٱ
Ǭȷóħܵش
ȥ
ˡ
ͻȻƮŶëѩžգһħ棬ħȼţΪȻﵽɵס߽ףͬҶһһΣգͻɱһΣʵ֮ǰǿ
ء
ҶҪУҲ˶
ڣ˴󹦡´һԸ
ҶվԪƽΪģ̧ͷһħϴսףһǬľںϣ뼡ѪҺ֮С
ǳħ֮ͨһ
ϧϴҵۿܺܳһʱ䲻ʹáǬ֣̫ԪҪָ
ħһսʧ趯ҶǰȻаЦݣֻϧһָеǿơ
ҶھΣǳħϧҪǬᣬ³ѣҶû¶ڱ棬ڴЦƱҪȡɴ۵ĴУ۲ָܻʵ»ͻƳۣ
ɴ۵ĵһΪؽ硯ĵطϧҲϣûм¼ᵽɴ۵ħͼ
򵥣ȥǰڵĵطʩչ龻֣֣߶ɴ۵ϢһܸӦؽ磡
ҶȵӵгĪͨ
ħЦȭͷ򣺡ã˵꽨ھɽһΪƫԶ޽֮ܽɽ磬ΪǶɽ硯
Сǧ
Ҷ̾ʹ߶ǧͼ
磬ǶɽȷңԶȥΣر˵ǴһԪʱʱըγɵɽ磡
СǧֳɰؽһͿʼ߶Ҷͷ̫һСǧͰҶƣ˲ա
ϹżԪʧ֮γɵɽ磿ӦǸڲͬɽ磡
֮Уٶǿǲ࣬ٵشʱҶóɽͼϸѰңȻҵǶɽ磬ȷңԶѾھɽƫԶ磬ִڡ
һ磬ᵮһЩرǿһܺõĴ
ħҶȾվСǧ֮УϵؿͷԽԽʵ翣ɴµĲ־Ƕɽ˱칬ֱӽѾһƬɽ磬ճؽҲǶɽ磡
ˣӦñڵͥǿĶ࣬ϧɴ۲䣬ֻ߾Զʧʷ֮УԽǿǶɽ磬Զɽ룬ҶȾ͸о֮УһɱԶϢ
ɴԲ֮ǿĴڣϴһõǧ̤꣬ھС˼Ҳʲô̤ڣҵʵͿ۷壬ʱ̫ʼҲ޷κң֮ţ֮Ҫģ
֮Уһ÷ǳǿ󡭡
Ҷ̫ϣħһͷ
Ǵɽ۷壬ûɽ絽ɵۣ޽֮أżзͨǿԻȡܶıʱ̤꣬ڣ⣡
ʲôۣڳħǰһϡھͺˣûоǳơ
ɽ硭޽֮أзķͨǲ̫УһھɽɳΪȥҲ٣ֶʵֶ۵ʵǿףҲĳۣҪֶưԣΪµһھɽΪ޵УҲ̤޽֮أ
ħҶҪ侲ǻۡĻ̫࣬һǳԲӣǶ۾ɽۡ鹫ӡֶۡǧ۵ȵȸ֣ҶСɽ绹ܴ


870 ؽ
Ҷһɵۣ
ɵȫͬʵΪΣɵۣΪΪΣû򣬹ԶҲ޷һ򣬾ͻΪͨɵۣȥǱ΢Ļš
ҶȲżȥʲô޽֮أһֶΪ̤볬ۣʱЦƣ濹⾸ʦǬЩǿߡ
߶ȣɾɵۣɽ磬벽ΪӪһһӡһǬǿߣֻ·һ
磬ǰ͵Ƕɽ磡
һ´ڽɵ£Ҫôʱ䣬ǶɽֱȵҪԶ̫࣡
Сǧֳ˫طֿҶƾһ磬Сǧѷ죬һȥ
ৡ
һ飬˲Ϣ֮䣬ͳһƺδĻ硣
˻¼š
ۿȥǶɽƯŴĳؼѵģϿգȻƯһ޴Ĵ½ֱһ͵ľɽ磬һһ㣬׳顣
ǶɽʧˣսϢȻϹŵζûɫɭ֣Ҳûһ˿Ľӣûһ˿Ϣȷһ硣
ԵޣһƬ
˺ѣദսۼ󣬵칬սʱļҳһɽ磬Ϊ桭
˳óħҲ꣡
ڶϻ£ͥҲ䣬ͥ칬սҲǾ춯أԺ칬⣬ƱҲˣ
ҶУȻһܳԿ˵ʱôǿ۰ɽ磬ͷȴ³
Ҷͫǳ֮⣬Ƕɽ磬ƺͿ˵ĹȥԼδҶȽ˵ƣ̤볬ۣҾҪʼ׼Ը칬ݣȥͷ֮ӳȥЩߣͥĽʱǻ᲻ӪֻҪ칬ţ칬ʼջᵹµģ
ƺܵشزдĿĵսۼգҲ˺ۣ޷
ħͷ칬Ҫµģ칬ɽطֻҪϴʱվ淴칬Ϊžͻۼее
ҶȺȻʼ磺ǺǣʱҲΪɭ׳ǿô󣬷Ǵȵ£Сţ
ģһߣնֵҲǣɩӣкܶˡѣߣкܶ˸㣬Ǿ壬ڻھڳ˯һѣʲôǵĿ겻ɽ磬Ҫȥ磬ֱ̤ƽɽ磡ħɵİο
ڴɣھʩչ龻֣
ǶɽУҶħоһһɾ޴Ļ龻ֳˡ
ħһѹһɹϵϢͷ龻֣Ȼµһȣӡǣ
ˡ
龻ֿʼת
ĴУΰͨ
ڻ龻ʥϢ£ħ𹧾ѣΪĴˣͶ䣬ڤڤ֮еĳ빧
Լʮ
ٿ
Ƕɽķһ˸ҶҪ˵ͻȻüͷһ֣żϢ֮龻ֿʼĦ
ؽλȷˣǵϢҲǿ߷֡СǧϿضգ
Ҷȼ»龻֣Ȼ߶СǧħҲƺӦʲôҶһͬʧ
ͻͻͻ
Լ֮ҶȡȥƬգһʥĽɫţŽ٣ÿռ俪ʼ顣
ȻŴ򿪣߳ûһ˿Ϣ칬ִߡ
ˡԸоһ˿ԣԾΪһͲˣ
м칬ִһץգƬռ䣬˲;κʡƿء
Ƿǿ
ִ򣺡ǸӦˣ˵δֹˣǻҳ֣
˻ɲ˵
λִߣɫ䣬ȻƿգѰʲôͷ֮ʷ¼칬ôķߣ߰˰˶ӳˣѵǲ֪ɴ۵߾Ҳӳ𣿡
߾𣿣
Աִߣ˲ͱɫ
ֵԣɴ£֮һϤնɱʣһѹڳͷ֮磬û뵽ξȻӳҪע⣬Ȼѹ꣬ʵǰҲܿģ
û뵽ǰӣΪͷ֮¼һжˣɣҲʲô޽֮صպôﾭǻȥɣұλ칬ִߣΪȻ˵
ৣ
תɫţžͶˡ

ȥʱҶħʹ߳˶һ麹ħҡҡͷ̾û뵽칬ִߣ޴ڣһǳۣ
ҲԤ߾пܡ
𳬼ĽҶħ𶼲£ϧˣͻĸ֣칬ǿҶƺ뵽ʲôȻһЦ˵߾Ƕɽ磬Ϊɴ۵ĸߣô꣬һֱû칬ɿڣ˵սסɴ۵ڣó˶ɴĹ
ħЦǿߣϧôꡭӦ֮䣬ֻҪӵΪǾͲüɵҪڣҪʱʱ̿ˣ
СǧؽǶɽɽ磬һƬͣ˶Ϲ֮УҶ̰Լ꣬߸Сǧ
ಡ
ִʧˣ
СǧؿռͨԽŰʱ£ȴҲһƬǺӵĳȣʱ䣬һ˶תĹɽǰ
⴦ɽ磬һ޴磬Ư½ɽ½ռѷͣתռ籩ݺ˷ǳۣҲ״Σյش
ɽĿռ籩ȻĨɱ߽ǿߡ
һ洦ڷ籩ƶеɽ磡
ϴ󣬵ȷսɴµӡǣӡѾ΢΢Ĳ˵ɴ۵ĴУӵͬӡǣƬɽ磬ؽ֮У
ħͫͷȼħ棬쳣˵
ռ籩ܼ
ɹߣҶϸؽ֮󣬺Ȼ⣺ãʩչԪСǧͿϢؽ磬кܶ½飬Ҳ֪ɴ۵һ飬Ҫһȥңؼػߣһǳۣ
ֻܿϴҵ۲ʩչžðɣħεҡҡͷ˵
ǬȻɱħ𣬵ȷǸش
СǧɣԪ
̾Ϳʼͷ̫һ߶СǧһɿռˣҶȿʼվ룬ϵʩչԪÿռ֮Сǧ˳޲Ͽؽ硣
Сǧ縺ҲӲױ˷֡
˼Ԧռ䣬һСۣڷ籩֮лǰУʱᱻռ籩ɣ
ҶȲϵʩչԪѰҿռ籩֮дڵѷ촦Сǧһ͵͵ǰš


871 ˾ɲ
ৡ
ʼռ籩Ҷƶߣ֧籩ںХڷи˵ëֱ
ԪֳռƣѰҵûпռ籩ķ϶Сǧһͬ󣬾һһΣϵش󣬽ռ籩롣
籩ӰԵ޴ڣ
ۿؽĽ㣬Ҫǰϧһռ籩ȫûз϶鶼ǿռ籩
òǿг֣˺һѷ죬ħ֪Ҷʵߣϴ㣡
ãò񷷨һѷ죡
ﵽɵۣԸɽռ籩ͨ۶¾Ǳռ籩ߡɽ֮棬ڵĳۣ򶼻ᱻ˺÷飬ռ籩˼ɵ
˫һƣһǳ֮⣬ӿǰĿռ籩Ҷȿʼͷð麹ħͷһħ⣬עҶ壡

Ŀռ籩ˣһǳ͵һһ̣Σ籩ͱƣҶƿ籩ħǿ·Ҷ˳۵ʵ
򶳽ᣡ
ǿ״̬ʱҶ͵һץǰ籩磬ͻȻͲˣСǧץסᣬҶͬռ籩һ
ü̵Ľ磡
ò״Խռ籩Żתؽ磬ϵĽ磬ҶȾʹһں
ء
ͻȻ
ȻҶħעɻ£ֱӾſ죬ʼŽޱûκӴ磬Ȼûио˲ͱһӡ
Ҷħðһ亹޹Ȼ˼飬޷ȥ綼ȥ̳һؽ硣
βһڣŽȥˣȻϣû˿
ǿʢʮֹϣɽطȫͬǶɽ绹Ҫ࣬ؽҲϹżԪ˶γɣ
Ҷƽؽ磬һƯ½ʣһɽ̾һ磬ҲͬǶɽ磬½ɽ֮ϣдֲ
ڣڣѴ۷ӡأߣҲҪڳ
ؽ磬֮̾ʣͻȻһʮˣһȻǳΪ
Ȼˣ
ħҶͬʱʧգϢ
ͼʮˣԶɹַ²Ĵ½ʼѰʲôʱʱֳּˡ
ؽȫͲеĽأ
ϴЩ˲˵Ĳеؽػߣ
һȺʧҶ̷ɳԾΣͳһ½ɽԭʼϢ
Ӧòػߣ˲еԸߣǶӦɴµĵõɴ۵
Ҷȷ׼ȷ
ؽ˵󲻴˵СҲСҪô½ɽ֮УѰɴ۵ȷףҴ۵ڵģЩǴϧؽ磬Ҳ޷Ӧ۵ĵҪ
ħѾڿʼͷսϢһδεѰңӦһ£ûһϢ
ںսףɴΨһıϧδӦɴ۵ֻ˵лȱٺܶ
ƣúϢһҾãɴһĴߣصϢɽҲһֱţõս׾ܵõɴ۴У
Ҷ侲٣Թ壬Եԭ
ȻħͷͷɳףȻʼⱻĹ
ҶҲʼ
ҪӦؽϢжˣûϤϢ߾𣬻龻֣
Ҷȿʼ߶龻֣ϵϵ͸ںϢ֮С
һôȥ
ΪɵۣҶȸӦͨҲз仯Լһ£ҶȾֹͣ龻֣ȻۣһĪ⣺߾Ȼ֣ɴ۵ĸȻ֪ؽĴڣϧϢޣҪ׸ӦĴڣܣҲȥ֪Ĵڣ
Ȼнǧˣһ룬Щ۶ڡڡڶС˴ǿߣȻֻ߾𣡡
ҶһӾŪؽĴɵ۾ǲһʩչ龻ֿԸܵ
һڻ龻ǰΣ
Ҹͷ֮һѻѻ𣬳ɽıˣӿ
ؽ˴󶯾Ҷȸҿ϶߾ͷ֮ı仯ģؽôʱڣһֱд˳ֵĻͱ칬ǿ߲׽Ѱɴ۵ıأ߾Īϵ
ôɴ۱أ߾ô˾ɲ룬ͲˣЩĿŵѰұأƻ̬ȥĴģͼԣΪѰұأҪ߾˼鷳ˡ
ϴһ˿ҪҵػߣҹȻɽ紫ֻͬеõս׵ˣܵõУȻҲ֪ػߴڣһõӡǣҲܴ򿪱أ
ħΪһϲ񣬿ҵˣȻ˵ѰҴص֮ء
Ǿػߣصӡǣ
ҶվҶȳ뿪Ƭɽ壬ʼھ޴ѰϢһ·ϣҶʵɴ۲ѴˣҪսӡͬʱۼܿ
ãؼҪҵߣ֪ڣؽ磬Ҫҵߣ̫ףңȻٻȺУ˵Ѿ֪λãûõսӡǣ
ħƬ˵
ǺãǾһ飡
ҶȷǳͬЩ취᲻ﲻҪԼȥѰң˵ʲôջ
ǣ˾ʹڵƯ½ʼһƬƬȥѰңͷǿĸӦͨӦͬѰɴ۱ء
Ѱһ½һɽ˿ûջ񣬵Щ˾ɲҲѰš

¹ȥؽв߶ȣһܴĴ½֮УһɽڣȻһ棡
𣿡
ɲͬȻ̾ͰѰ֮ҶħϢʮرһȼգͻıƬռֻҪΪӦܲڡ
ҶһһҷӳһͷˮȻγɣһΪ˾Ǳȥһ
ɽһɽ֮УƻĶڻ֮£ԭһܴѺʮˣƾɣһ۹ܲһӡ
ǰһˣͷ𣬶һ˲ϵطգĥʹûзҽУ
ǿˣ
Ⱥڣʮŭ
Ǹأˣ
ܵĥˣǸݡݻƵߣʹ࣬Ⱥˣ޲ðһ˺顣


872 ϵ
ˣ
Щɷˣɱ˲գ۵ЩˣмЦʲôˣһȥеŵȥˣǵˣΪɴۣǺαŵԣ
Զˣ
뱻ĥˣһߡ
ЦǿЦ
ǵ棬Ϊɴۣսս˵ˣ֮Ϊֵ̫۵ıأЩˣЩߣѵǵ𣿡
Ƕǵֲ
Ҫ˵ˣǵ棬ĸǴߵ֣ǵˣҲǵˣ
˵䣬ЩϹôõ£ҲýˣȻͱĺ
һˣĵ˵˵ԴǣԷЩˣûϵ֪һȺûʵСˡ
ϴԭ˫һؽػߣһ˾ɲǰ˽ɢ֮Ҵ˳Աĺ޳ܣһ£ЩŵģЩһȻӶᱦ
֮⣬һɽ֮УħҶͷ⣬ɽڲһ£˫ԻһΪвˣؽˣһȺҽǿ
޲һͣҪøɸɾ
ͺðˣȻǳˣʱҳ֣˲ȳһЩȰҲǰʾĴݣǻ˵չͨǵԪ񣬶ȡ䣡
ɴ۱أڱصãξǬɱ֮£Ҷ֪ʵжҪóƵõУΪۣ
ҶõһȻ취ܶ࣡
ߣƵõսףĴߣɴ۱ȻҶȵģǹϵĴУҶȥԼҵı˵伫
գһҾͲţЩϹ治ڣзǿڣ
Щ棬ֿʼĥ
ȻЩ棬ͨ棬һǵõ洫УΪɵ۾Žףǳۣʵǿޱȣ
ŵԣͳͳ
ĥػߣвϣ
Ҷһֱز£һĥ£ʮ˿󲿷뿪ˡ
ˣ
ͲϿѾڣɽȲһƬ֮С
ħһŶҶȵˣʣµĶɵۣϴЩڵĳۣ׶ԸֻЩ࣬һ͵ϮɹҪ˷Ҵڣ
־ͷ֣ͨҲѰҵϢοҪҵɴ۱⣬һֱĽȥҶԸɵۣԸۣҿƼɵۣϼػߣȻʱ߱ǣ
ҶȾ䣬׼һɵۣδſʩչͨõĻᡣ
ãҾץۡƵͷ˲ͷֹɣһ˶ԸۣһԸɵۣȻСǧǳԽڵڳۣҲûа취
߾пܣΣҶȲΪ߾һ顣
͡
˲䣬ۿҶƣҪʮˣ֮ʱȴһһӰ
ǺҶƾͼһΪȵֶΣ
ӰֳϢʮ˻δ֣˾һ˵ԴȻͱ۷֡
δ֣Щۣ͹첻ˣͬȫʧȥ֪ǺӰǿްԥһһǴϹǵ˫ۡ䣬Ȼͷֽţһȡͷ­
ⲻһɱ˷ʽǱǳͷ
ҶĿһ̾ٶȣúݵֶΣʵǸǿߣƣóǺΪ
ΪǺ죬ԽڣﵽڣӦûֻڣʵȴ޷Ӧû£˲вħааһЦ
ˣ
˿̣ɱЩ̰Ķ棬ҶȱΪӰЩ֮ˣ֪߿ʼģ
ǵģ
һΪɬźӰת˵ʬ壬һһֻʮ¡
ľûи飬̤ʬ壬һ䣺Υԣܵͷ
ûΥԣԶˣҳϵߣ
ߣ꿿ŵɫ԰ף鲻İǹϤ
û뵽ôһˡ
ҶΪ⣬Ӱֶ֣ΣΪǸȴû뵽Ȼһٵ꣬Ҷ鹫ӣҲ䣬ɶ졢޷ֶΣ
ħһҪʲôЩԻ·꣬ǺһɴۣڵĴڣ
ϵꡭ
ᣬ˵ǿҶ̾ϢѣȻŲ̤ǿУǿ߾ԽԽࣺɹ˰Ԫɣ
ɱң
Ȼͣ£һűնͷ­Ȼδ
꿴ͷ­ӽһָ˵ĸߣô˵ˣǿԲˣأ۴е˼棬Ǳԣ֮ˣˣ͸ðܴײģȻҰѽأһش
ͷ­Ǹˣһ𳬼ۣƻǸĽȻֺң˶꽣£ֻһͨиʱ㲻ɱңߣǱ΢ūǵӣ·ϣʲô
Ȼüͷһ䣬ͷ­üģˣң߾ɾкϵɾΪλţ
ͷ­ƯڵѪɾǰǿֻˣɽͨ÷ȥ߾ǰʮ·ǿĴڣǰЩᣬ֪ܣ֪ģȥɾɣȻҿΪ㴫㲻ɱң
ʮ·
Ҷ֮Ƿɴۣ³󻤷ʮ·ʮ·ɱ칬ףǶǴ˵еĴڣڣȻһ˴
ħҲһ𺳣ϴɾʮ·죬ʮ֮Уǿһλʵ󻤷ӡǣսҲзӡû뵽ˣȻܻţʮ·˾ȫûܻ
һǿߡɾǶԻһǲصģɾȻЩ˵ľɲͺˣؽ磬Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˵õɴ۵ĴУҪڶɴˣ
롭
ɾ˵ɴ۵ԣ̤֮УҲ֪߾Ŀʲô
ҶȾܸӣ˴̫ãйֻ̫࣬Ҫ߾ԻһлȻˡ
ϴ󣬿أԽԤ֮⣬õ۴пƺϣƿսףֻҪҵӵӡǵˣܽ뱦⣬߾ɾΣ
ȻһͷħûκӲɴ۴֮


873 ɱ
͡
ҶƶԻ֮ʣһġĴɽȼž

Ľشͷ­üģѪͷ­ţӳѪѡ
ʱ̣ͷ­һ仰Ԫͳ꽣£ΪԶʧ
ֳۣԶ⼸˱һնͷ­˲ȥˣʧȥͷ­ţûҲǳԽһˣӵеͨʵ
ˣսᣡ
Щͽ壬Ǳˡסޱһ
˿̣ڵߣŵֱ£ͬħĺ־壺ʵūͣ
ɱǣؽŻᰲزԶˣ˵꣬ղܵ԰ô꣬ˣǸսʱԶ˰ɣ
ǰͻȻĿһݣеıһնһնʮͷ­һʬ壡
ˣزŻԶ
˲ɱһˣ˿ûͣ˼ɱЩ޷ˣҲĺݽ档
ƣס꣬ȥץߣһͨɱ⣬Ҫȡɴ۱䣬ͳûָˣ
Ҷһͷ֮С
ħȻҲܿţɱ⣬һħ⣬ɲǼûա
ͳͳҪ
ɱʮˣ𱦽ѱһǷǷ֮һնɱۡκɵۣԪ޷ߡ
Ҫ֣ߣȫʧȥָҲƺǰ³ֻ·һ׷룬£
꣡
ۼػӶʱһӰǰƻȼն𣬶һȭ

ὣǰ
䣡
ȭͷֱӺڽ֮ϣɰףǺӰδ֮ʣһݣֳħڨڨضָ꣬һץץƬħ棬ϯ
ħˣ˵ĳԱ֮УɴûħһˣȻˣԶ
ħ𣬾һ̾ͻָ侲ڳħɱǰΪߡ
䣡
ħͷŵգ𶯲ħ濪ʼȼգϧȴС

һ֣ӳħΧ
еҰޣһ˲˳̴ռ䣬¶ڶѲǴ۵ֶΡ

ħٶȫ޷Է̫죬ֱʱڳγһڷϣռʱԵļȻ󣬳ħ˾ͲƷȥ
޼ս
ʱ֮⣬Ҷֳ
ץסᣬһ޼սǼ̲ȫһȥ
һɵۼѹȣȻ

һĻˡ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻأشһգҶһԣõֵ޼ս֮£˫ײ˭ҲռƣײҲҡΡ
ã
ֲӣҶȾ͸оĺ󾢣ۺȫԽʮֹӱҶѹҲ˱ƿһҲɱ÷顣
һңһܶ֡Щǵĵϧʵ̫ǳۣɵۣ
ҶȣöԷηɳԶȻһɨգһƺ֪ħҶλá
ҶסΣʼָƮ꣺ֶ˵ãɱǣĺΰҲߣһ֮ˣαظϾɱ
һɫѵǲ˵ĺ᣿
Ͳˡٺ٣
ͻȻħͶˣһħȣԼһɣȼħ棬иħģ˵Ͷ깥ȥɱˣǾˣ
ˣǿûʵ
һ𣬳һ㣬ûһ߽γɽ磬ܼǿʢӭħ
ٺ٣˼ϴ㶯֣סСӣ
ħնħȿʼӳһһ뽣ײÿһΣܲѽƿ潻֣ˣҲܳ޷Ҷˣħʵͷۡ
Ԫ
˿̣Ҷʩչ޵˵ľͨԾ֮ǰӶ޼սһն

̵Ȼס޼սҶȽɵ۵ȫһ¸߽ɵۣҪˣȻֻһ𣬳˿ӡǶѣҶȻѣȻͬһ㡣
һβУҾͲһٴҲУ
һ˿ӡǣ˵޼սǶһЧųһ
򣡣
ֵ꣬ҶڵգȻʩչ˳Խ۵ͨռ͸оضǽ
Ѳ
겻ħֳܷ򣬳أҶ۵ǳƣҶ֪Լ꽣£߲ʮУͻܶӣ
ٿٿٿ
һ̣ҶλãԼףȻĽҶڵĺ֮С
ڰ׾壡
ԥ̣Ҷȶᱻˣʩչڰ׾Ԫʼӿһɹɵγһ̵׷
֨֨
ڰ׾ӴͱһɷǽױĹڲϵĦҶȷΪѹһΡ
񷷨򣡡
ȥҶȾǱסˣ
취ƽ⣬Ҷ˲ʩչ򲻾õĲ񷷨˫һƣ͵һ֣һɹǳ֮֮⣬ӿ뽣ա
һĻˣ
ৡ
ǳ֮ѽƺıˣ޴̺̫һѽ׵Уռʧȥƽ⣬Ҷȿ׼ᣬŲ񷷨˳ȥ

ովҶȾȲӶ޼սһһնȥһʱĽ
Ҷƿأʼһ䣬֣һɹħȼգ޷֣
ǺãҾԶ
ƺҪܳնɱħͨ
㣡
˸Ϊսʱؽ߲磬һٶɵۣۡһ־ϣƺ
Խڵڳۣ
ħһɨ˶飬ڣ͸ܵдڵ֡
ǳ۵һݣӤڣǾ꣬ӤĶ֣̫ǰ꣬ҲӵʵħҲֻܶǿ̾

رתߣ
ƣμƻʧˣ϶ǳ۳ֲöɣٿߣڵĳۣȫ޷⣡
Ҷȼæһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ħǰ
Ҳֻߣûлᣬ´һоͻᣬߣϴ󣡡Ҳ˼ڸֽ棬Ҷ̴߶ͨȥķʱƾնȥ


874 ͨ
Сˣ
һٶǿߣӵвٵĳۣѹѹѹȶռ޷Ƶġ
ߣһ©֮㣡
ղֳˣϧ޷׽ϢˣˣĪǲ۵ߣ
Ǽ˸Ͽȥɾǰػ
ǿƶȫؽ磬ѳΪˣʱӸ߿ɽȣ֮УʲôﶼУ߰ݡò졢װ
˷ߣ뿪ʼ׷Ҷȵȥķ
֮
֮ңؽһƬ֮С
ҶգҶȿ󷽣һ£ߵǼʱΪؼʱ̶ٻǿߣҪڸΣ
ؼиɾ˿¾·˵죬ϻһ߾𣬱Զǣ
ħȻȴðʧ֮ˣ˼ܣԲûһζǿᣬѡѰһᣬ󷽣Ѱһ֮أͷ˵
ಡ
˴߶ǿʵϲͨһֱӴȥ

˷ߣһӰ˳
ص꣡
ԭǲһ·ˡ
꿴Ҷȥķ˼һɾͫһ⣺Ȼһ·ˣԴأҲﲻ⣡
ȻȥŨҵɱ
һṦ֮ңĸմ½Уһ½֮С
һƬ͵ֵɽɽܣֻûǱתĿռ䣬һһػȥ
ؽȻڻת֮⣬ܼĿռ籩
һ޴һɽ֮ϣ˸һ翽磬ɵۣͬȻգʱʱϡܿҶħӰھ֮о
б£ҵһ֮ء
һ˫۾ûɫͫشճ֣꣬һЦؽÿһҶʮ˽⣬Щǿ֮ˣҪܹҵķۣܣգҾҪ֮أ
꣬ҪеҶƣɱУ
ؽ磬Ϸҫɷӡ
겻ϵؿʼʩչͨᷨӡһһһһ㣬׶εͨƣþͱںϱ֮Уһ̣ϢؽںϣȻڿУǼġ
ȫؽƿߣ
ˣ
Ͽգ껺ץסһ޴֮ͨ⣬ĿһݣٿȻس·ʩչһ
һʼƽǵ֮󣬴ӱ֮ϣһؽȫͬͨϢʱΪؽ˲ظ
¡¡
ͨؽһȫԴݿƣ˺÷飬ɽ嶼ʼ顢ɡ
񷷨򣬱
ͻȻɽʧضʱҶȵȴΧ޴ڵ

ͫһŭѣΪȻҶƵĵңӣȫһƬǳ֮ģƺΪһźǣǹ⣬Χ
ҫۣȴٲά裬صȫԿأæʼԴ߶ͨؽһ翵
Сӣƻҵĺ£ֻץ㣬õ۱ص䣬ħɣ
ۿʩչͨҪƻƬǳ֪֮ħΪ޴ĺӰϿսƺ׼ùͨӵг۵ħ棬γɺƳֱѹ

øոմ֮ͨγһɷͱҶȵͨħ˲סѹ
ܣǲܷҵϢ
޷ͻƣһʱҲల£Ҷȣһ޷ŵģ
ؽأ칬ѰҶ꣬һֱδҵûֶͨ𣿡
ħڨڨЦˣҶ֣ס꣺СӣҺ㲻ǵˣҰɣ۱
ûʸ֪ػش
ħʲôʸʸʵʵʵǣǲɴ۵꣬µӡƿ֮һ
걾һĮȻģ㴦Ҳûжɫ仯ħôһʣͶȻ۾ʵô֪ӡǣ
ɴӡǣֱӡϣؽ˽⣬Һţ֮һ
㣬֪ӡǵĴڣ
㲻֪ʵʵӡǣҲΪ㣬ΪҲûʲôôҪʵĻΪɱ˳ۣҪɱ㣬ֻҪһ۾Ϳԣ˭ڳۣ
ǲ׼ˡ˵ӡǣֻ󻤷֪Ҳûʸ֪ѵ߾ˣ
ƺһˣ˫һӳħ
ħҡҡͷħɭɭ߾û˿ϵһĹϵҿ׸㣬֪ӡǣǴ֪ģ
Ϊ߾Ϊʵػߣû뵽û뵽칬ӳȻ֮£ҶȻóѣ
꿪ʼ
Ȼ㲻ʵҡ
ħһ̣ոһ˿ЦҪʩչ֮ͨʱ곹ѹ֪û˵͸оһ䡢ϢУ棬ס󱳡
ˣ
󷽣ȻһӰ
ţ
һҶȣû뵽Ȼͻ䣡
Ӱڳħ󷽣ȻһģһĶԳħ˵ڣң֪ӡǵĴڣ
ħɫ䣬ǰȻ֮е꣬ͫ𺳣ܡĪķⲻǷϢ
㲻֪
Ȼ䣬̶ͬӰʵȻһ뱻Ҷס꣬ȫһģһꡣ
ֳһͬնɱ۵ıѹڳħ󱳣ľʵңһ
Ƿ
ħ˼ԣ
ˡ
ҶȲ˼ؿסֿ꣬Ʊָ꣬о˿ҲİƺҲйҶͻȻ˫һ⡭ָо뵱̫ɳأֵ̫ܣһģһ
ԪʼڣҶԺʱɽ磬Ҫ̫ɳؽʥ̻ᣬɳ̫ɳ˵Ļ档
̫һ硢һͫȻ˫̥ҳһģһϢģ̬ʡһģһ
һǰ꣬ȫ硢ֵͫܣһģһ꣬κζһġ
죬ʵڵĹ죡
ԭ
˿̣ħƺ뵽ʲôôã̫ʼͬʱڵʶȻͬѰűס꣺֮಻ͬʵЩӵʵˣͨĴڣСӣңʾǣͨߣ
𣿡
ĪЦЦ
ԹԪءԴ֮أᵮص壡
磬ܳʲô˫̥㣬ƭˣȴƭңͨʣȻٳ֣ûУ
ħвȻǸаЦݡ


875 
ͨߡ
Ҷꡱȫһģһֵ̫ܣҶȾкܴɻһ㿴͸ǵĹ֮Ҷȿԡ
˫̥ҲСʱӷ䲻Ըòϰߡʶٻвͬ
ǣһ˿ҲûУ﷢ë
ʣ
һʣҶǺټȻҲǣ˾һ˵еߣƴǧͼ־ΪǿߣŻ̫ʼֻߡ
֤ˣǵδվ֮۵ǿߣ
̫ɳصˣ硢ͫҲͨߡ˵ʥ̻ᡭȻʣһλǱֵܣʡÿǿζӵеʣ
ҶȾ˼ţŻȻԭһǾ̫ɳӵ½磬һ˿ǵĲھɽ磬ͱ˶ϣɶͨ
Ǭ±Ƥëʣ
ң֪ӡǣڳħ꣬һֱĶųơ
ħͻȻмһЦ޿ɷ棡
Ǿ͡
ͣ
ħǴ̫µĴڣһ仰һһκζʱɱ˲˳ħ󱳣Ѫ䣬ҪʱͻȻֳսף˲Ҫ֡
ǡ
սһ֣ͫб⣬˻Ƶ̾ˣڳˣ
սףɱң
ʱ߶ս׷ʼ뱦⣬ħ˿˿ڣɫЩܵӰ졣

սѪںϣѪ뷨ֱӰѲ󱳵ı˳ȥͷڨڨضꡣ
ԭ˵ĴߣӦڵ֪֮ҵĴڡ𽥻ָƽбٿȻʧ
ħһЦʲôߣҲţֻӵսףں϶ѣɴ۵ػߣΣΪУ
˺󼸲ٵأ˵Լ಻ţ㶼ڤڤ֮ѡĴߣǵȷػߣؽػߣΪ죬˵Ը˭õսף춼ҪΪˣ
죡
ħһסһꡰ족ͳͳ룬ҶҲͬʱ
Ҷǰ˶棬λ죬˷ëҶЦãûɱ
ΪػߣҪ׷˵Ը䣬ǹļսãã֮УҪҵˣԵˣȴһ̣Ѿܾˣ̬ȣ˷仯ԴƣĿ֮𾴡
ƲΪȻħ緶ҿɲ˵ˣ
ƱȭصҲν˲δǿһ㣬ңߣƷ칬
Ȼû⣬칬һǿߣҵĴУô칬ٺ٣ȻҲҵĵˣǳħ𣬲κλҵϴҶȣ
ħ죬ҽһҶȣʶ֮󣬳ħȲʵҴս֮УҵɴµһЩڱϣ˵λߣӵӡǣۼ֮󣬲ҵ뱦أһ֪˵Ĵڣ
ͷҾǣ
ħƺ뵽㣬̹ϣһ˵ˣøٺ٣ǻںδ
Ѿˣ
ңң
족ͬʱػش
ⳡ˵ҶȾ÷飬ŤħҲЩӦúãԭӵӡǣĻһݣ
һݣҲȴһҵϣ
ʲô
һ򵥵ĻشȴҶ
ش˲һ޷ŵʵǾ죬ѰͨߣһӵĴڣҲǣ̫ɳλҪһΪ𾪵ԭ
컯ǲ˼飡
ģͳ壬ͨߣһͨߣȴӵԼ
Լʲô߲֮ͨͬԼӵͬΪʵͨҲ˵һ˽֣һսһ
û뵽û뵽ֻͨߣȴδͨߡħþòŴӾ֮лع
ʣǻںδ
˫üһ壬ȫͬ˵һˣ˵ʵҲܼ򵥣һңһֱؽߵļʥϧɾˣ֮󣬶߲ɱ̿Ҳڼʥ֮У޷
ħ˼ţǲ֪ݣҲ
ǵģ
˫ͫƽ˸һ˿ǣ߾֪ӡǵĴڣҪɾԼõ˴У϶ǻᷢҵĴڣ˵䣬ͰؽĴڣ벻ܣ󻤷ô꣬ɾˣ룬߾Ҳòȥ

ħȻҶȣ
Ҷʲô˼Ϊ߾йʣ֪һǰ㣺߾Ӧòᣬڳͷ֮ʱͶԴ󲿷ַй˽⣬󲿷ֳ۶δ칬ЭҴˣоɴ۳𾴣ԻܵǺƵ֮²˵
Ҷһħһı㣬Ȼʵ죬ǲǿõ۵ĴУ
϶ػش𣺡Ȼ߾ɾûʸ񣡡
ħЦ·˼ƻõһУܺãڿʼվһߣȰ취ӼʥȳȻԸڵĳۣܣҲȫûа취ǲԣɴ˼ҿ϶԰ɣ
Ҷ̼֪ħʲôüıҪϸϸؼƻǶɴ۵ıأ֪ɶĲ
죬أﻹһˣ˽ؽ磬ɴ۵ĸߣ졣
һ֪
һ᣺˾֮˽챦ʱһֱߣأʵ޶ٲ࣬ȻԲʵ˵ı⣬Ȼĸ߶ȣ
ϴ󣬿뷨
ħЦ𣺡죬Ǵ۵ػߣϣúңõ۵ĴУ
ͻȻƹŭɶֻһҪɱб˵ͽ
ð죬ҼȻõ۵Ǵ۵ĴߣǴ۵ػߣͲˣҲܰװô۵ɣСӣҳħôֱӣɲҪⰡ
ħһ̰С˰ĸ죬˿ûһ˿αħħааƾħ
⡭
һʱȷûħˡ
Ȼ˴ŷӡǾҪо취νӴɾǣ
ˣ
ǰʲôӣܰˣһ򾡣ɾ߾ǱΪ飬ڵĿֲס
ҶħЩ޴룬Ͼվɽ۷壬ͬǬһԶԸĴڡ


876 ڣɾ
ؽȻתƵǳһ֮ϣߴһ޴Ĵ½Ư
߲½ԶһƯɽ˫Ŀ⣬ǰ鲻˼Ľء
죬ƻҪ֮ǲߣ
Ҷȡħ죡
ǰ½ؽʥڣɵɽɴۣɣһɨ½ûʲô֮ҶƣܸӦһɹɾ޴
壡
ƺüƻתһӡձһŻһ˳
ҶһĻˡ
죬һǰһ󣬾ôԼȻ󣬴ƤʼȻʼ໥ںϣûһ˿ų⣬ֻҪһ˾ͱһˣϢȻûиı䣬ֻ֮ǰɱ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮󣬶֮컯ӦӲϾʣΪһһ壬ʵ˲˲˳Խڣڵʵ壬ҪڵĿֲʵ
ħͫһħ⣺ȳ֮ҲΪɴߵš
תӡӡһ
ʱ˿̣ʩչͨһץӵйϹϢӡƺһֹϵĴڣš
ಣ
Ҷ˲һӡŲںϣʩչӡϢʼأӡһȫͬϢʼƤͫѪͷţɲǼ䣬Ϣһģһ
ɴ۹ȻǾۣϢ˺嫣޷͸
ںɴϢҶȲ֪ΪվڳԽڴڵǿߣɴ۵Ϣ̫һҲ޷ȣһںϲ죬ͨϢҪҲҪܶꡣ
սһΪɴ۵ͨѽӽ󣬾˵ҲδɹѴǧͼΪ
ΪǶô޷ΰ
ɴ۵Ϣͬ䣬ǳأһ˿һɴµľ
ƣһҪõɴ۴У꣬վڿĸ߶ȣ
ҶȵһνӴɴ۵ϢںڣҶȲ֪Ϊ칬ΪˣɾϹŶҲһҪɴ۵ɴ۲ΪߣҲبС
һ£ɵʮݣѣοۣڵڣڵڣڵڣÿһ綼ͻƣɾ´һԪҲ̤һ
ϹŶʧȥңֻпȡں˵ɴۡ໨Ŵۣۡɽж٣ڵĳۣ̫̫࣬ɾ߾Ǳߡ
ٺ٣ϴȶ֡
ħаЦ
ҶһͷؽصĽأʥڡ
ҶȾѽ½½Ȼܾ޴оСһƽûκν
ǱʱҶȼһͺͺɽͻأذεضɽһϵԼʱʱ˷ɽɳΧƣ⵽ƻЩ˲ſ޼ɵ롣
Ǽʥ
Ҷʩչ֮Ϣȫޣͷ֮ϢؽȫͬӶʱɽΧ𺳵Ŀɿڴ
ɽܣһƬ㳡㳡֮ϣһʿʯǧҲΪЩ׳ʿȻֻǵ񣬵¶Ϣģ˷ֱ𲻴һˡ
еʿɽֳеǣž޴ĹٲȻһ֧ս޲ʤ
óɴǺεȵĴӢۣ
˲䣬ҶȶɴҲԵľ壬ʵͨ죬ָҷ칬ɱ칬һ㣬Ʒ칬
ǡ
ϿɽҶȾͷɽһ֮ϣһߴɵľ˵һλˣһλŸ߸ȧǡյˣսףֳķ
ȻŲ֮磬ƻ߰˰ˣ񣬻һᶨࡣ
ɴۣ
Щǿɶ񣬲ɱؽ磬ĴƻƵɴ۵ĵ񡭡
ɴ۵񣬴ɴۣ֮ǰ˾η֮󣬾Ȼ˴Ĺƻ˲˷߿ѡ
ɾЩˣ󲿷ֶڵĳۣɵۺһ֣ЩץͷҲ벻ɴ۵ߣŰɣ
Ҷȴʱɹɴ۵񣬾ɽ֮۵֮ǰþ޴ʯɣ񣬻˸ҫ۵⡣
죬ںδ
ʥǰмڰأҶȲδż룬ͷһ֮Ԫ񣬶ڲͷš
ʥҲ
翵϶ݶ
СǧҪˣҪɴ۵ĸӦռ䣬ĿǰΪ޷Щ۶֣Сʻ괬
Ҷ˲߶Сǧ
ԴǧͼͨչˣҶû֮УֱӾʹӼ𳬼ǿصĴǰһûκע⡣
ʱҶȾͽɴԽ֮С
һʮɡֱ׾޴ĹֻϧϵĵһأϷɴλҲ˴ݻ٣ֱɴ۵ͳͳչһգǶƷʯֱʯһһڵ
ҽ綼ƻˣ
ӭǰ
ҶȲҶΪĴǿĳۣѾʲôˣڵĳۣҶȴѹȣûеõ֮СǧɵΪ޷ô೬ǰ
ͻȻɧӸͨٵˣǳۣûһɵۣٶˡ
ٶ𳬼ۣ˼ĳ棡
ƣô೬ۣûƣƺݺᣬҶѹΣҺڽɵۣѿ볬۲⣬Ҳ׽⣬ġ
ɾǿϢСǧҪСģ
ٶ𳬼۴ɫɫͳͳУҶȸоǰ࣬һɺ嫵Ϣɴ£ʮ·˾֮׵ɾϢϢжྪˣҶȴδܹ
˹߾ؽ౦ۡϼ֣Ҳûдʮ֮һ󳬼֣ѹ޽֮أ;ƿݣȻûиеƣǰϢͲͬˡ
ҶȸоǬҲûǿҲС
ǶǱѹ޽֮أ칬եȡһӵ۷һĳۣɾԴ칬ս󣬾һֱɽĳʱա
Ϊﵽһ޵ϹŶеơ
ĳ֮УǬˣ䣬ɱɾֱһϣһڵϣɾֲ̫ˣ
һǿߣҶеϢ߶Сǧһ̺֮УдСǧҶͨӦÿԶɾĿӡ


877 Ļ
ֱһ˿ֲǿͬռ䣬ҶȱȫԸϢһɾ֣Ҷֻķݣּ£Ҷ߶Сǧ߿һҲûС
ӭǰ
ٶ𳬼ۣһϥأϷʥһһظߺһ

߳ģǿߣȴڷĴЦš
һۡǾɫӣһֻĴ֮ϣԼ߰˸ŮΧһѮߣɦŪˣòɧһͷ׷ݵֻʮ꣬Ľü޳
׷һ޴ص㣬˫ۣͬѰӤһͨ͸ƺո˫ƺûиӦǰ֮УһаĿ⺬޾
һӴ͸ǣһ㱡İɴѣӨ͸˫履ܴͦſһһŰ׷ߣŤˣʱʱ߰׷塣
ӭǰ
ˣٴζɾվʩ񡢹ߺ
ɾӣҲ¶һ׺ͣÿﲻǱһ˵ģǴҵģȵ棬ֵܣһˣͳͳ°ɣ
֮һ𳬼۹ֵǰûйؼջֻõһЩѣؽ󲿷ػ߶ѹĿǰֻʣֻ󣡡
ܷŹһˣ֮УƿӡǣһݣǾͿԽ۵ıأЩߴϵҪһ󣡡
ɾӸ˵
øɾֲƣȫԽǬͷ֮Щ칬صĳۣϢˣΪѴﵽڣôأʵӲ󣡡
ڰɾҶ֣̿ˣΪ˵Ǭ˹Ķ֣ɾһ޴ƣﵽ߶ȣǴ˹߾ͷ֣Ҳɾ֣Ϊӵʵ󳬼ۣѹ꣬ʧ߰˰ˡ
һ˻ָʵһѹɾ
˹ǿߣ޷һʱ仺ָʵ칬ҲҪŪͷʹȡ
˴ˡҪȡ۵ıأ̫ˡ֮ǰƻжһ
ȻɾǿѳԽҶȵԤϣֲ
ѵѵ
д࣬һסߣ磬ˣЩУܾĥ

вˣɾʹ޲ѡ
ɾһ䣺Щū۴ʱһҲӦüɵǼ֣Ǵ䣬ǻԱ˵
ԶǴߵһ
УҲŮӣȫɵɾ˵棬䳰ȷ
죡
ҶȾȻȺĩˣ죬һ£Ҳǻˣסȫ޷ƿء
ȻҲܵҶȵĴڡ
ͨߵ֮һأҲȥȻ֪һ顣
Ҷֻڰ
Щūý³ɫԲѣǰúʰˡ
һۣŭ߳Ҫߣ֡
ǾϢϢԶ֣ܺãѱʮ·칬ٹѫЩūУһӣߣ˭߱ģ߳һ
ɾվ߳һ˫Ȼûжһ¡
һ̤ٶ𳬼ۣҶˣηѣɽ磬֪ɾͨ

һߣ˳
Ȼ䣬ǻݲ
һ߳
Ƶ˵ʥƻؽ磬Ѱ˵ıأˣҪܵ䣬ú
һ߳жʮִߣѡ߳ɾʣûж
óϣɴ۵ȷе䣬ϧϧ֪칬޷Ƶôȥ
ɾǹЦݣֳͫͿʼϵϢΪһ棬ݵ
ʱһɾ޴ƿͰѶʮߣһѹԭһУƯڰա
Щߣɶǳۡ
Ҷȼɾ׾Ͱôƿأʵڸеǿߣɱ۾翳һ
ǣŭ𣺡㲻ú
úǺãҾǲú
ɾȻɭɭһЦ
꣡
һɹ𣬾ʹɾ仯ԽԽʢܿ죬ͻΪ˿㼯ɵĴ󶦡
һ߼·γɣʱ˼ľУ⡢⡢󻤷һ˵ķ
ô𼣣Ϊ˵õлķҲ֪ܣ󻤷ķǴ޽֮صɴ۵õ֮󣬾Ͱѡ󻤷Ϊ󻤷ǿֶΣ
걾ǿԳΪ֮һ˭֪ȴѡˣң˭죬󻤷еķռһգ
ɾƿһУֻ󶦣ֳһŻƵĴ󶦣ջƶ̫նл񵶡񽣡̫죬ϧô꣬Ϸֻղѣ
ջƶǱ칬õΪܵõ
ڳĸ˲ɾⷬš
ɴ£󻤷վɽ۷塢ɽľͷһʵɴ˶٣Ƕɴ۵ֵܡ
ӵеķôĲ˼飬ɾһ¾͵õһӵôǿ
ջƶ𣬻ᵽĥʲô
ɾĿһУͫŷĻ棬ʼû

ǳɵųջƶܶƿʼƵӿһ𣬿ʼȼʮߣʼܵ˿
˿̣ղ󣬾һˣһջƶ֮ϣܵȼֻƬ̹һʹţһˮ顣
ⲻˮ飬ΪոӿͿʼȼգȼգͣȼյͣ
ڲʹţɾƤѪ⣺µΪ飡
ջƶ
ҶҲһĻݣЩߣɶʵǿϹŶֻɾһѹϧ³ɾУ϶ûл·ģҶĿջƶ֮ϣһɾлһܵõһ
Ҷ֪
䣬һ
̺ܣԵʱ䷨򣬶ô˼ֻܴͨҶһ뵽ҪչԼʵȥն졢ꡢɾࡢҶҶԶҶҶȵˣ֮˸жǿսҶȶ޷ȥ
ǹɾһţҪӵһĿǰҶа


878 ߾
ǰȺū͸ܵͷ
ٳۣһɾɵ£һ棬վֺɾǺ֮ǡ
ֹǵõɴ۱أȻ޲ðǧУ
ɾĿһݣ˶ʱǷģջƶϷںͷͲţ˲죡
֨֨
ջƶϵĥߣȼԽԽʢϣðͣͬƵģεδðð͹⣬ǣһߣһ⣬𡢸¿֬
ͻð˳廬£գ𣬾;ȼգԽԽʢ
еʱ䣬ȥ£Ҷż棬İɣǲ̫죡
ɾɫۣƻؿŰⳡϷ˭Ҳûһ˿֮ġ
ʣЩߣĬĬͷ

˰죬߾Ҳ̲ס׷ײҽС
ֻǼˣƤһ㡢һ䣬¶׺ɫѪ⣬Ҳϵ䡣
ܿ¶׹ǣǵѪ⣬̣һʹҲ޷ܣھУһһѪ⻹ڲϵ䣬ǰ׹ǣҲõشðһει͡
ϣ޷ջƶֲţû˿ӳȥ
ɾúݵֶΣǸΪĿģֶΣ޳СˣԸҲڡ
ҶǴ۽磬ĥˣڳͷ֮磬ȫеһƴɾֶΡ
û뵽ͷʵ챾鲻ȷŹǣһϷҪ
ȥ˺ü죬ûһ߿ڣֻʣһ߰׹ǣһЩ࣬ĿģۿãҪ˭֪ɾʴȣһգջƶʧ
ЩʹأڵϾţ
û˹˵Щߣгۣˢˢؿص֮ϵɾʵǰкϷ
ȻⳡϷǿǷǳľʣ֮ǰֻǿθˣͷϷ
ɾЦЦԱһλŮŮȶĶ˵֮С
˶
ҪҶ𣿡
һϡȻ
ľūһˣڲ߳ŵˣ廨סһģ
Ϣǡ
ڰҶȣܵӡˣһ˿ϢʱЩһ£ͷϢ̫ˣԼһ麹˫ͫˣ޷ţܣܣô
߾ǰ
ʱ䣬ٶ𳬼ۣ𺳵ؿ֮ˣǰһˣһŲաʯһա
ɾЦλ߾Ȼǣҵ۱أ֮ǰȻҳ֣Һôڳͷ֮磬ʵȥ󲿷֣򡭡ˣҪͷأ
Ŷ
гһɫˣ
ɾūһ⣬ūͻе֮У룬һĻˣΪЦЦ
˲𾪡ݣɽǿߣɾҪǿȴ³
ְ
󡢷ӡ߾ɢųϣżκ飬ĿǰĴݣ侲
߾Ȼ˵һ·Գ
Ȼ߾𡭡Ϊ³
ҶȻǵһμ߾ݣڳͷ֮磬ҲֻԪ໥صϹŶ˭뾹Ȼһתۣ磬˷ӡ˳Ц
ɾŮУЦе˵߾ֵ֣ܵķϣϣʵߴң۵ӡǣ˺δ۵ı⣬ںδ
߾ͬľ׮ڴ֮УƽĿķЦЦɾôȥ㻹û䣬δ䣬ȴ;Ҵû뵽һ죬ᱻԼֵܳ
ѳΪȥô¹ȥһֻгΪ󣬲ʸ棬ҪĶӦúǻ죬Ϊ˳Ϊ߾֣㻹ʲôԣЩʧţ
֪Ϊվ۷壿ΪԣŴңһ֮˼ɵ칬û뵽ȻܹϹֵۣܣ֣
Ȼ㻹ʵֵҲֻǰˣؤҡβ
ɾĿ߾ƿ೬ۣѾǸˣҪõ۵ıҪ·ߣͳͳɣҿûģһʮһԣ
ɶ񣡣
Ҷû뵽˷·תΪ߾ӦɾͬӪϾһڵ㲻߾ҲίߣɾҶ󣬶ʵͻȻ
ôһܣȻ³֮ͻȥݣ˿Ĳè
ɾúֶΣھȻҪÿˣȥĥ߾ֱɱ߾𣬻Ҫ̣ǵ߸ϵǿߣȻҲǣȻһȺආ˵ĥ̤ϡ
ûϣŻʲô壡
赲ߣɱ
һ𳬼ۣǸ֪꣬ɽδ߳һץһ߾ǰʶʱΪܣǰ׷ɴۡĴߣϣѡʱѾȥ
ʱѾȥ
Ƕ߾ôصĴʵˣ
ԣҵʱѾȥɴ۵־˵ľ񣬻ţܻڣţ칬ᵹȥȥֵܣĿǲᶮģ޷ȥǣԶҲ޷ɳ
߾𽥽˫ۣϣȻһƽݣĲ𽵹󣬸Ը衣
꣡
꣡
һ߾׳ϣÿһŨŨѪÿһ߾Ѫ⡣
һ飬һ顣
һһ
ʮ֮С֮߾ûпüǶһ£˾Ǿˣǿ߾ǿߣӢӢ
ˣ
ߣ߾ˣʱ˿̣߾ܾ裬˺ѷΣʰʹࡣ
˵˵
ڶ𳬼ץ׼ʵ
߾δۣ̾Ϣһ֮ɱңʧȥŵԣϧû뵽ȥѣ˶˵Ĳãɾı
䣬˵ʵ
ͣͣ
𳬼߾˵ɾһػӶ۵Ľһأ߾̵һѪ֮ۡϣֶһ˿ڡ
Ѫĭɣ

СˣҪǧУ
ǣɴҳϲѣ߾Ҳǵ˿壬ûΪ¶ɫ
߾ܾ裬һСϣͣ裬Ǹͬܣŭɾʼ
ɾŭӾͣΧ飬һЦʶʱΪܣѳΪȥΪʷһ㳾ǻҪʲôԣЦ֪Զū


879 ǰ
úݵɾȻ߾𣬲ȡϵ
ɾֶΣҶȳ˼ʶʵЫͷβСˣ߾ôһͷװ
ٶ𳬼ۣôһȥĥ߾һصѪһصѪ⣬ص
Ǿôֶ𣿡
ܾĥ߾һѪһɨķˣڳͷ֮磬̷ܹЩСɣ
ǰɱ
ɱ
Ǽ߾ǣÿʼߺҪɾֱɱ߾߾Ϊʸ֮ġ
ɱףǵĿģǵõ۱أɣ߾֣ջƶӦö˵˽ⲻ󻤷֮ձζɱ˲칬ִ߰ɣ

ɾվǰֻӿֻɵ˫֣򵥽ӡ֮ջƶͻΪһŻƳڴ֮Уͫһݣ߾޷طջƶ
֨֨
ʼȼȻγԭ֮ƣ߾֮еȻۣ˿ƾȼգһĳۣûǿû˾˵ͱ棬յóΪҽ
칬̸ɫ
߾֣ڳΪջƶ޷ʱ佫Ҫĥ㣬λֵܣѡȥǾѡʹƷζ𣬹ߣ
ȥ۶ٳȥȰ˵߾𣬻Ǳʣ߾һɾô˶ȥ𳬼Ϸţȫ뿪
ЩߣڣͳͳƫѺ
ϧջƶһȻл߾ǰһͬߣ
ҶѾֲܲѹȣɾ뼸ڵǿߣʵڿֲҶɶ޷С
ڣڴ󲿷ֶָȥֻʣۣͨԸˣҶʩչǧͼǿȥ磬Ҫ߾ߣܡ
Ϊ߾ջƶѹţҶҪǴǿһ£ͻᱻջƶ˸Ӧ˲ˣ˵ˣ߶ܡ
Ҿ֪߾ǰݣڳͷ֮ļ֣ôᱳɴۣʱ
ԭҶ죬˳Ūɾ֪ײһĻɺ£Ū߾Ҷ˵ջ
δ޳ҶҲû뵽֪ôܡ
ǰ
ȻʩչֹͨͣɣڰҶͷԼԪϢȻֻ߾һˣ޷оԪڲ
ţ
ջƶ֮Уȼʢס߾˫Ԫ񷢳һ־㵵̾
Ҷȹĵǰû뵽ؽ磬ǰˣ
Сӡ
߾ޱ飬Ԫȴϲʹֿ࣬ĵ޴꣬ڳͷ֮磬Ϊͷ֮磬ûȥ㣬һŻָΪ³䵽ԼУСֵܣʺ¼棡
ǰ˵Цˣεݣǰ֪ǰ뿪ͷ֮磬ͻԻָʵΪԴȸ꣬ͨԪϢǰϵ˭֪ôͼˣ
ǰǰʵûдﵽڵ״̬ҲɾУһеôһ£
ҶȲ֪飬ûʱ䣬һŪźȷһȥж
ʱ˹ǣһӳ죬ɢȥָʵ֮ټ桭һصǶɽ總һ֮أոǱ޲ãû뵽͸ܵƵϢôȥܸܵǰֵܵϢȻǸˣǺûжӷؽ磬ɾ
߾Ԫӿһ£ԵʮֵΣɾʱµĵɽһͬ׷ɴۣȻֵͬܡС˵֪ͷ֮Ĵ¼ĴѰҵ䣬ʱܸжֵܣ޷ıģ˭֪˹ҪһָΪȻ֡
Сˣ
ҶȵԪ鲻ԽӿŭޱߵĻ
Ǳ塭۷ʵѹʵڵңֱ練ƣҴڵ껤Ҳ֪ԭΪεڴս֮дΪ죬ǡȻйͨһ칬ڲʮ··ߣ߸칬ŵʮ·ȫʮ䣬ĿģݷһֱѰҴ۵ĴУռսףֱ죬Ȼûз
ѹңЩˣƻ֮󣬱ȱԵĺˣؽ磬ҵϢߣ֮󣬾ͳץסߣ̿ɱΪõ۵ı⣬ϧ̫֪ؽ磬ش۵ıߣǶǴߵĵĸߣ۵Ǹжִ컯һᱳѴۣ
ɾ޳СˣҵݣⷢʩƭߣҺôԣɾ޲ߣջǰŪһǱңһǸ߿ֶΣ
߾ԪȻƽûһ˿Ĳ˿Ƕôŭǰȴ˷ƽ˾
ǿ쾭ԪľͷͿ͸
׷ֲ塢͸
ãҶȲ˵һһ仰ֶηǳ
óݷ̣ڵ칬֮칬ƿأֶǸΪʮ·˾죬ϧˡСֵܣȻܳؽ磬ԭ򲻳
Ȼ߾Ԫһ˿㵱ʱ˵һλħѣõ۵սף̳д۵ĴУĪǵң
߾˾ٷҶȲòǰȻǻۣκϸڶǵȷΪ˴۵ĴУΪ˼ǰϣǰҪֹ۵ĴУԵˣʵߵ֮ѣǴ۵ȴĴߣ
㣬ʵҾ͸оˣƺڤڤ֮Уϵһ𣬹Ȼˣ㲻ڳͷ֮磬˱ؽⲻʲô޳֮Уһδ㣡
İɣʱᵽѣ֪õеսףҵʱѺܰģûٻɣ󻤷дԸ˭ܻȥҪۼ֤۵ĴУ۵־һɽ캧ˣƵ칬ôӢûаװѪ
лǰ½⣡ڣˣȻɾʵֲ̫ͻɵۣ޷ʥ˱΢ţֻҪɾһ죬޷õУ
ǵȻ϶ܳΪʮ·˾죬ΪҲڣ˾죬еĻԲΪ߳࣬ȴܳΪ죬ǴֶΣʵǿ󻤷ѹһأڣҲûĶ֣ôȥȻڣʵԲûж࡭
߾޾ϸ͸ɾʵϾͳͳ˵˳


880 ש߳
Ҷ𾪵óĬһ󣬴߾УɾҶ̫ȣǰôΣɾûһ
ɾɵʱȥ޽֮أһûȥĵط֮ʧȥ˫ۣɵ˵ʧȥֱʲôϧɾȻһֱûг˫ۣɾɾţʵǿԭˣ޽֮أһ䣬Զʧȥ˫ۣҲ˾޴ۣȡͨ볬İԵ߾𻺻͡
һȱ㣿
ȻСУҲڵĳۣ˵㣬칬ҪץסǶеĸ߲㣬̫ʼִڣ򡭡ɾѾվվڵĸ߶ϣɽ磬ѾǿߣȫָͬΪҲһ
ް취𣿡
취еУõһ֣
Ȼ߾ĳĬҶȴ޴ϣóҲõΪԸУһа취
ӦңҪɱɾӦңƷ칬
ͻȻһ̣߾ĪļСӣɣ᱾ɣֶ֪ʵڳͷֻ֮㶼ңҵҵԪӡǣܰɾһ֮Уôµ
⡭Ҷû뵽߾İ취ȻԼȫصŵԡ
Ըģԥ
߾ϹŶڳͷֻ֮Ҫ˽Ҷȣ֪Ҷʲôˣῴۡ
Ǻǣǰ˵ˣĵģǿԼȥ֣УǰɹͲǼ֣һӲҵķһˣҾͻԼʧȥƿأ
ǰȻɴôһ壬Ԥıͻú壬ѹɾʱԥɾӦȥĶ󣡡
ⷬе𣿡
ҶȺȻһ䣬˿̵񣬷âɡ
û㣬ʵ㼴ѡ᱾𣬶㶼ûжٵӰ죬ΪɣðɣǧŶţҲܿһУСӣ֪ѡʲôȻˣͿȥɣҰһж㣬ֻܷô۵ݻɾЩСˣ
ಣ
߾УǬ˵֮ʣһԪӡǣʹԪ룬ޣҶǰ
Ҷ̾ץģ̣ؽĳһĴ½ģģس֣Ҷȴϲѣɴµ壬Ҫնɱɾ̫ˣңҲɾܡ
һɣ⽫Ƕô˼漣
̤ɵۣҪ򣬿ҲҪɾһᣬҿԷѾҵֵܡѣǶɾҪһǿߣ
ϣҶȿϣϣ֮·Σ볬ԽԼҲ˶е˷ܡ
ǰŰɣ֣˵ͽһһҲ֤칬һ죬Ϳʼж
˵꣬ҶȾصøϢайݽһУͨͨ˳ȥȻҪ߳죬Ըھͷƴ󹤳̣˳죬޷ɡ
̫뿴ɾЩѹĳ
߾Ԫʼָƽ
Լ֮
ҶڰվʩչԪںСǧ˫£ڳ޿ֲڡڸֻ֣ڡڵǿߣ޷Ҷټġ
ƹҶȾͽƫʱڳۣƫš
𳬼ۣҶȾʹһԪͷƫ֮У죬׼ãҪʼ֣
׼ã
شƫݳ
ǾͿʼ㣬Ҫһ㡭
ҶɫĮһƬɱ߶Ԫʱһɿֲͨӡڼ𳬼۸δ£ϵضԼ˳֡
꣡
ɲǼ䣬һɹɵףƺˮڣֱӴյ࣬𳬼ۻдŷӡڵѸͳȥ

һ۸ûз£ܵҶǿĹҶȲǳ۶֣ǳ۰װ׳ҶôһõǶôʹࡣ
¡
ƫͺȻը𳬼۶ˣڶԸףҶȴһɳߣһһȥǿȳʵķӡ˲նˡ
ߣ

ʮߣˣʼ
Ŀŵˣ
ɲǼ䣬ǿߣĸֻ֣գۣ͸ܵһ𳬼־ֱӸǶѸͶ޷赲
ߣ
Ҷӻ֮У߶ٶȣʩչԪǿ־ӡɲǣವϢԽ뿪ʥ
ȥ
ǿǿ֣˸ոӳһǿĳۣܲϢһӰҶǰ
ߣ
ǿߣȻܻû˹壬ڡڵĳۣڵĳۡ
öԷʵ廹δҶȹϵش߶Ԫ쳬۵ջһεպۼ;ôƾմԽȥ
ˣˣܾܿɴܵߣ˲ȣƫƫӪһˣ
Ӱûȥ׷ǿʥһǿзɳӰ׵վɾԱһλںϡ
̲סǱʳӡǣ֪ڡã̫ˣһȺϣ
ɾ̰Ц
Աλ˹ɾֵ˷ģɿӡǣǶȥΪӲҵƿأ
ɾаȻа˲ںδѾȥ˳еߡ߾ҲҪǵ棬ҵɴ۵ıأ򿪴ţǿǷȡ
ǣ
ʮλۣתʥ
ߣ
ɾˣƿƬգϢβȥ
ؽ磬вƫͲһ½֮ϣ
һƬɽ֮ϣҶȡħԼ졯վϿգҶȳ˵ϷҪ㣡
ħͻȻĵؿҶȣȻһϴºΣհϣ
սףԿⲿĪ֪ڲӡǣûϷȥңʺϴڲأ˸иԵ񣬴ӿʼ;𣿡
Ҷ̬Ⱥܼᶨ˿ȥǳƽ顣
ðɣɾ壬Ҳһֻϻϴ󣬻Ҫģ˱Ͼͨһһ㳬䣡
ܹؼһӡ·ˣݽ棬ӡǣÿԶɾֻҪôϵͱ졭
ģߣֻҪؽ磬οʧȥһӡǣҲʲôõڶݣԼȥã
Ǿжɣ
Ҷ߬ȭͷ

ħһߡ
Ҳ߰ɣ
Ҷת½֮УȻһٲ׳ƾӣɲһʧٲ


881 
ٲӱƺܸߵɽ֮γɣһƬɫӸ߶£·֮С
ಡ
ĵӰٿȻ
Ҷ롰졣
ٲǧͣ£Ҷ̴һ⣬ٲ֮УγһŻ˽룬ٲ󷽣ȻһԲεĶڣſĴ졣
ʯ̦ڲģƾһͨɽ嶴߶ѡ
ҶٴδһӡڶһصʯתȥʯȻ˸һâҶʧ⡮죬Ѿ֪٣ֻ޴ҶȵֶθҪϷݱ棬˲ţҴ߶󷨣Ȼ£
ЩСˣΪ˲Ĺʿ
нԶ

һ
ɴ۵ıأһ
ҲʮһƬѹѹӰӴԶԾӰ棬ɾǧǿߣķ֮һǳۣ߾Ҳӡѹһٶߣͳͳס
һٲǰһƻ̰ٲֱһȺǿĸǹɴ۵ıء
ɴ۵괴ˣ޴ɴһˣȥٴ޽֮أԼɽңԶĵطѰҹõپ󻤷ӵеֻӵеһֶѡ
ܶ˶ţɴµıأӵЩˣɴ䵽ڣ֯ɾһȫɱؽ磬ϧΪһȺĹ
ˣܸӦˡĵȷȷʵʵϢ
һΪӽɾǿߣۣҲڵĴڣ֮Уָڳ֮һ
ƺӵо޴ܸͨӦǰǧɽˮ֮УµϢһ˿˿͸
ؽ缸ұˣҲʩչҲҹûзʲôΪӡǵߣһֱǱϹ󷨣
ɾһڣ˶ҿɲҪ⣬УвҪжץסˣȷǲǱڣҪҵӡǣСˣһʲôֶڵף
ǰȫûɴۣ߾ҲѹǾһȺСආɽϻӳƴ
һЩ첻м
󲿷ֳۣʵڸ㡣
¼ΧԷӳ׼ã
ɾתɫ̾ʮ˷ɳȥҲкüЩ˶ܲԸû취ֻܿɾˣ뱦⣬ȡֻռһ߱ߣõС
صת
ʱ˿̣ɾʩչڵĳֲͨ
˫ͫŷһҾͳֱֻۣʼᷨӡɲǼ䣬һεı仯Ϊط˸ı䡣
ֻεȻ˲жϾٲ֮ϵ㣬ȻٲͿʼҴɽ󷽿ʼк£ٲߣڵǰһڡ
ھ֮ϣȻϵĴ֣꣡
ֱ֣ͨھ֮ϿӡԼʮףھϡ
⡢ȷɴ۵ıʼǡ
Ը֮УٵĴ飬ȷǴ۵ױʣҵˣ
վɾ߼ڵǿߣӽΪǿߣ˵Ĺȥϳ֮ˣɽɴۣ
ȻҲܴ֣һƯھ֮ϵˣǳµĲơ
ֻĸ֣ܿһĻ
ɴۣ
Ǽڳۣʱ˿̣ܵǰɴ۵ƣȻţŵӱ
۰
ɾмЦһ⼸ǿߣЩڡڵǿߣ޷ܿһĻ
ţˣѳΪʷ꣬±ʼǣؽ磬㣬Ѿκ˶칬޷ģ
ɾͻȻһݣһĿ⣬ֱڡ
Ĺԣɾ£Ȼ޴棬ɾ̴ˣ¶춴ߣ
ৣ
һڷ򶴿ߣĻ̥ʵΪߵһ
䣡
ɾ뼸ǿߣȺˣոǰҪȥʱڴʱ𶯡
һ⣬γһ޴ʿٿȻɾ֮ǰȻһϵľɽʿȫΪ⣬쫷ѾɽķѣЩʯںͲͨľʯ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɽͻΪʯֱӳ
壬壬ҿӣ
Щ˸Ϊǿߣ᲻֪򵥵ľʯǶɴģ޷
һʱ䣬˾ŵѡߣûٹ˼ɾ
ľʯϵ壬Щ˻ᣬµľʯ꣬ܿһǧѹ
䣡
ɾڣһɽʯȫһ˲ͱʯƽγһ˼ľʯɽ
򶴿߷һɽʧˣ
ƾյʧ
ʣһӡйŻʯа֮ߣʯһϵļ̨УѾвٵطʼʴ
ʯǷǷ֮һĨ֮⡣

ھʯɵʯɽشţҳ죬һ˿˿Ѫȣȴûһ˿Ϣ
䡫
ͻȻһֱӾͰʯˣһ޴ķ㣬𽥵ʧֻǿߣѾȫǱͷŷס˹֮ˣɾ
һǱŵɫ԰׵ˣطɳ߾һЩߣģֻˡ
ˣΪ£ӳɾƿطΧʯһЩС
ɶ񰡣
һˣŭ
ͨ۱ͨ
ʱ󲿷˶ڴϢһ쫷ҳʱ˾ͼڼ̨֮ϵʯʯ֮ϣȣӡŻ
ھǰ棬λ֪Ƕڷңһ˶̱أҾ͸һᣬ˭Ƚ뱦أ˭͹˭ҶĻǲʧԵģô౦
ʱɾȻٴѹЩˣǶԱɾһɿڣʱȥ

ɾ򲻻ŲæԸ߼֣úˣֱӰ߶ԭأֻ߾ʼ·
ݡݡ
ʱͻ壬ðˡ
Щǰˣȿֺ̨ΧŽŻʯͷѳһʯˣֳֹһ֧֧
͡
Щôǹϴµ֣ɵۣۡһ֮£ͷĶ
ˣ
ɾԱһڵĳۣĿδǼ̨򣬶ǿ˫ͻȻֶһץռŲƣ
ֻһУ
ڳ۵춯أĪ⣬ץһƬռ䣬ҿռ֮УҶ죬ڿһɹϵٿ


882 ر
ֻϣ
ڵĳۣʩչռŲƾͨÿռλλͨһչκⷶΧڣҪʩչƿأŲƸıλá
һɨڿռ䣬޷һµҶ죬ͷЦڰ߶أһ򾡣
ͽ
ɱӦһ䡣
ǹѾϣӦɴ۱ԴϢ˾ӡǵˣ
ɾͫչܸӦͨȻҶȡϣӡǵĴڣɾ˫ͫһɿԿκʵ⡣
ɾ£ʮ·˾죿
Ϊߣɴĵ죬ذĿɾϣƺЩ㵣㣬ôı΢Ȼ־
ɾɭȻһЦûʸ뱾˵ӵӡǣɴ׽ˣʵӡںδ
飬˫ۣҵӡǣܣ
⣬ѵû취ҵӡǣӵӡǣܽ뱦أЩܣΪ֪
ЩߣʳŲǲ˵ѵû취ǰɣɴ۵ıԴҲӵУȻǲڣǾͲÿڣȱҵӡǣǽ֮أ
˵֮䣬ɾҪ֣
ԣ
ͻȻҶȣͬʱһϵһݹϵ֮⣬ڳۣ޷ƿ˿ռ䡣
䣡
ϵ֮⣬Ȼֳһ˵ıӰֳһɽҶڵֱӾһն
ڳۣΰľ˱Ӱŵֱ£ƿؿռ䣺ãɴ۵ܷ
۰㶼ѾţΪȥΪʷֻҫ۵ĺǣǰǰСڣѾվĸ߶ȣ
Ҷ죬߶ԼҪƿǿƿؿռʱɾͻȻһͳھ˱Ӱߡ
ѣɾͫһԵİâʼ˱Ӱںϡ
һӣ࡭
ɾͫ⣬ʼֱվ˱Ӱ˱Ӱһ˿˿ؽɾ˫ͫ
찡
ʱ˿̣ΧеˣоԼڵĿռ䣬ȫʧȥʧȥ˺ʧȥԪɶڵģֻɾϢ
Ȼƿпռ䣬˿ռ
ʣҪ˭ڳˣڳۣҪ
ڳ۵ľͨɴ۵Ҳɾֱڡ
ǿ̫˼ˣڵĳۣ
Ŀռ֮УҶԭܵڴƿأڣɾ֮УҶȾ͸ܵ˷򣬷޴ռ䣬ÿռΪɾƿ֮УһУ˲Ϣ֮ɡ
ҶȺôҲǬ֣Ǭƿȫɾڵɾ˵ףôԪʵһָǬǿƿһƬɽ硣
ǣһһս
Ȼɴµӡѹ֮һ
Ҷ̿ʼпӡǣȻߣӵӡǵ֮һȫɴ۵ڴۿ⡣
ԽԽؿɵ۵ľ޴࣬۾Ͷ㣬ʩչƿ
ڳ۵ƿ֮£Ҷȸоģ˵ʱпܱ÷ǣҶᣬɾǬҪǿʮǬܾ칬ѹʵδﵽ
𣡡
ɾͻȻһǧ·ڲ
ͣ
ɾѹסӡǵλǿߣ˫һҶڿռ䣬˲顣
ĿռڰҶ飬ʧȥռ䣬һѪȻ䣬һڵƿգӿͲסˣӡ
죬ӵг۵Ҳвڳ˲ķӡӡҲ˲䰲
ھʹ壬ӵеӡǣ
ڵĴۣӡˣҪֵõӡǡ
⶯֣ӡɴֲǵԪ֮УҪԸ׳ǿΥǵ־ӡǾͻ̷飬㶼֪
ͻȻһӰڴǰͷһȣ˲ĳ۶Χ
ɾɨһҶ죬¶һ黬ЦݣҸɴ۶ٸ£췴칬Ƕɽ磬ˣ᲻֪۵뷨ˣǺļƣƫƫǻţӡǾԶڣ
캬ŭ޳ܣ
ѿ֮ߣ֮ˣڱǵӡϢںϣӡںϣӡǣȻټ
ɾͫһ⣬ҳĴ֣һ⣬˲ͲסˣȻѹͷ­
ҵԪ󣬶ܵв
ҶȻ֮ҵϢɾѹƣԺʱȻȻҶ׼֮Уһϵӡǣ֮УƯ
ӡǣǰֲҶԺҶϢȻͳΪһݣӡƿߡ
ɾ˴δߣǲŲ˭ҪӡǣȻ򿪴۱ء
ˡ
ҶϷգһȦ֮ɾذȥϢں˲ͷһӡȻʯڵӡǴڡ
ӡǣڱ֮СǳɣҵˣһںӡǣǾͿԽ뱦⣡
ɾ׾Ͳ׽ӡǵȻһ˸ʯȥ
ʯڼ̨壬һһʣµˣˣǳۡ
ǰ棡
һۣҶ쵱ƣͨӡǴŵĽݣһϵĴš
㵽ͷҺ߾֣ϧһһõ۵ǿʳУҪǱͨ
ɾں󷽣߾𳬼ѹӡգһسӡǴſɾ侮ʯ
߾ĬԣȻѪģ˫ۣ·ûΨһ˴ڡ
˽ϵӡǴţȻ䳡䣬ɽˮһտĹͨ
ͨڿһϵس죬ıʯǶڶ֮ϣʹͨڹɢе֪ͨǺεʴɣЩīɫ֣ʮּӲ
ƷʯƷʯ
Լ˰㣬˾ͱ𽥱ͨͨ࣬ǶʯȻʯ֮ƷʯϢһ޶ҹеıǣÿˡ


ı
󲿷ȿֺӿ첽δüЩǶƷʯڳͼͨͷһ޴ıռ䣬ֱذڷڼ̨֮ϣ⣬緱ǡ


883 ӡǺһ
˾޴ı⣬ͨռ䣬˸ŷǰĺâջÿˣǶöһΪɾδкζ
Ǳ뿴ɾɫ£
ǼȺˣֱڿģⷨɽı⣬ȴֻؿţһȺȹϵϡ
˵˭õ͹˭
ɾƺͿ˼ڵĳۣһЩڵǿߣĸõЩõԼɴ۵
лǰ
ɲǼ䣬õɾɣЩɵۡǣھһ塢໥ǰƻس򱦿⣬ƷʯҲϣֱӳ򱦿⣬иı
ʱɾΧֻʣڵĳۣʮڡڵǿߣѹ߾𣬶˶űϧ޷ȥᣬֻܸɾߡ
ɾ̫гǸЩﶼˣɾûжȥȡô౦϶ԭ˾ӣѹ߾ӣؽ磬ΪľǾɴ۵ı
ֻ˵Щ
ֻԭɾߵĳۣ˾ɾǳԿˣȻҲǡ
ɴ۱һܵõôģֻдˣ
Ǵ۵ı⣬ֻΧѣûҵӡǣı⣬һȺ
ɾЦЩۣһ꣬侲ҲȥᱦǳԿĻԼ
ɾȻΣȱ̫࣬ȱ̰ͷ޳ԸȷҪΪɴǿߣɾڰΣ
Ҷ޷챻۵ѹڵĳۣ˵ҶǹӡǣԼҲ޷ߣǱڳѹߡ
ͻɵۣܼЩĸ֣ĿǰɵһΪֻڳۿ⣬ȫûпܣڻԲһУҶ޷棡
һ̣ڳ۵֮УҶȺȻҿøԼſȳ۵ǱǣΪȴ볬̫ңԶ
ͺñȣһͷܸߵ꣬˲࣬ԶҲ޷ȡ
ǿݺᣬСĥھչа꣬Ҳ޷֮Ƚϡ
ȷһıֻϧƣʱ䷨˿ڶʱлȡҲпԸĻᣬ̵ʱ䣬иַƷƵҩȵȡ
һʱڣҪ꣬Ҷӵо䣬ֻҪ˵ǧ֮һҲƬ̽ȥƬ̳ͿһͨǾơ
Ǿ磬ģһøʴı硣
İ
Ȼûеģ
ɽգ񷣬磬ͻɵۣҶ۽ĸңԶ䣬ףþ䣬ҲһС
ڱͿʼѰӡǣһõһݣǾֱȥĴ۱⣬Щɣ
ɾͻȻһɱ˲ĺЦݡ
Ը׷ǰ
Χгۣڣͬһʱ̣ɾʾġ
ΪЩףɾҪǶɱģгۼһ𣬶Ķ֣ڡڡڵľ޴ࡣ
ɾѾǿɴ۵Ĵڣ
Ǹ汾ˣһһҶģֻҪǶԱҳϣһǵõ׼ã
ɾ˿׼֣˫ۣһֱۣһӡǵ̷ı硣

ͻȻһӰӱߡ
С󣬹ɣ
ɾֱӶ֮ңıĴ֣һץʱһӡƿһƬռ䣬ٿȻռ֮Уһ棬޷һ£ͷǿɴ۵Ϣ
˳һģһ
Ȼ䣬гһʱҶһ죬ֿɾֱͨö졣
˵ķ֣ȫһ

ɾ˳һ㶣ɻ󣬵ǺܿʹЦ۵ͬʱգȥܶطռиֱҲһӵ£ͨߣԭ֮һͨߣ
ͨߣ
ʣһֻǴţ˼֤
һۣ޷ǰһС

һ챻öȻһɱ
Щζ벻ӵͨߡҶһ찵йͨһעΧһж
۾ǴۣȻƿͨߣúãһҲǵһμͨߣھͿʼɺһ
ɾͫĿ⿪ʼֳУ֮֮УɲǼ䣬һͬӡϢͷš
Ȼӡϡ
һӡ֮ɾг۶֣ɾһͰҶߵ죬ͷӡϢ죬ͬһռ䣬ʱݹϵ⣬л㱵š
ǰ޵У
ǰͨ
ЩۼöɾΪӣھɾǶ¿ˮЩ˿Ҳȿֺ
ٿ
ʱ˿̣ҶͷݹϵӡǣÿһӡǣȻһλĴӰɴۡ
ɴ۵ܣչֳ
ۣ
󷽣𳬼ѹ߾һ̼ӡǳֵɴӰʱȻ£Թȥļ䡣
ɴۣ
ʮ𳬼ۣʱΪ˼β͵Ĺӣһӡ֮еɴӰͣˡ
Ȼɴ䣬Ĵ˵񼣣Ȼɽ粻ͬʱúȥ
һȺ
ɾӡ֮еɴӰһƵĳۣǷ϶ˣǻɥһˣ»ӦãһˣͰŵӣ
ǣ
һͨɾƣ̣ڴˣòΨΨŵŵվ
ûõļһ
ɾһȻתƯҶȡͷϷӡǣ߶ͨӡǺһ
ৡ
ӡǣȻʼںϣһ˲СɴӰֳ˫ۣûͬʯ䡣
һϵıӰ
ҵĴ۱Ϣߣ
ɾƿţֻʵƿصӡǣȻһȺۣҲ౦硣
˿̣ʯӡ֮磡
Ҫɱң
Ƕħ
նѪһѪĴڣѪڷڣסһ𳬼ʬ壬ʣŵĳۡ

Ѫ֮УͻȻӿħͷ­ͷֱӶһڣԲĳۣһһسԵͷ­
۾ζҪϴɣʵֻϧϴΪ

Ѫʼų۵ʬ壬׷׵ʧ󣬳ħˣһ֣֮УɱڵطӡǴš


884 а
ϴǬ⣬ҵۣؽ磬ӵսףʹؽնɱڳۣ⣡
ӡǴ֮󣬳ħͳͨڴǰǸֱ˸Ĺ⻷ͨһ˻ġ
ϴ󣬿ء
ħȻͨǽڣ֪ȥ
ڣڱҷһϵĻƽڣƽ֮ϣǸֶɴۿ̻ɴۣķңƣ񷡣
ڶԿأս칬ɴۣ칬ˣֵĴڣҲʶɽܵ
Ϊ࣬¹ģԶסģ޷Ĩȥģࡣ
ɴ벻Ĵ˵֮С
⣬⣡
ʮ𳬼ۣѺ߾Ҷ죬ɾӡͬϢĵط
ʥ֮ţƺͨɴ۵ı磡
Ƕԡ
߾֣ҵõ۵ԲĵҾǵڶɴۣԽˣ󣡡
ɾӻƽ̾·ɴ۵Ŀ̻ΪǵڶӵвĴڡ
߾𻺻˫ۣûȥƽţ伥Цһ䣺Ҫף³ɣ
ӡǣţ
ɾ֮󣬲δŭһЦһƿӡǣǻƽš
ɣ
ɴսķɾ֪ɴۺǿտõɴ۵ĵ
ಡ
ӡǻɾƿأǿ߶֮£ӡǷƽţһ̣ӡ֮еɴӰȻʼرֱƽ֮ɴۿ̻С
漴û̻ȫͬƣʼƽɴ۵Ŀ̻طɹȥںϡ
ٿ
ݹϵĿ̻ɴۣͬķʽͬĴϢһ̣һ𳬼֮£ںϣһɹϵķӡ֮
䡫
ӡǣܿͷֳݣ»عҶڡ
ƽſʼش򿪣ϵĳϢ֮ϢɾгۣȲ֮
ˡ
£ƽڿŨŨĹϳϢÿ˵ͫ뿴ʲô

֪һͳƵģӳϢ洫
ѵ⻹ţ
һÿ۶źɴ۵ı⣬ȻһܽȥģûһĻأߣ˭ɴ۵ĵ
ɾ뷨˲࣬ɴ۵׷ߣȻκӡǵʵԣһ壺׼֣ߣ뱦⣡
ߣ϶Ƿͬһĸ֣ǰջҪ㡭˼޵а
ʱЩ۶ֳΪСۣɴһߣڱ֮УһǿڵǿߣЩ뵽ڣȫò˺
ͳͳĺˣɾһó
ǵ֪֮
ɾŭѶ޷˱ֻܳưͿȽ뱦⣬һ˻ų
ʱֳÿĵ̰
ߣ
ɾ৵һƽʥ̨֮ϣһǳϢȻ֮ʱɾ˫ü֮ϣҲһ麹Ȼɴ۷ǣɴȴֲ
һһЩۣɾŵмٺ
һÿǰҪ
𽥣ո˵ɾһʧڳϢ㣬𽥿ӰһЩۣ޲ϳȥȴֲ̤ӡ
䣡
֮£ǹϳϢ󷽣ͻȻһըţವһ£ɾǱ˳
ô£
˲䣬һˣ
ˣ
ʱһĮȻ
ţ˿ʼˣΪǳϢ֮У𽥳ӰӣǿϢɾȥ
ڵǿߣ
𣡣
һҲؿʼˣӸֻ̨źɫ멡һֳһ̽һֳһ䵶һֳһȣȫͷаϢ꣬ˡ
аڸ֣
һŵ˫ֱ
꣬һˣаûʶֻϢɨһƬ˵ߣͳͳҪ
ǡȻǣ
գɾͷغţִаڵ꣺ǲǱ۴𣿡
꣬ȴûлشҲûκηӦ

ʱŵò߾ͻȻһžǷЦЩŵԵСˣܳͷɣɾӦϤˣ³ԪѾĨɱ
ܡɾ޷š
߾ָǸĪЦݣɾҾʵɣﲻǴ۵ı⣬꣬˵Ĳ£갲Ϣ֮أҲǴԤδַ֮ˣĻ磬̰ش߶ӡǣѾ޷뿪
ɾҡͷ壿һж壿ܣӡǿ۱صĴڣװҵõͲҵõıأ
޴ۺεȴڣܹ򿪱أսӡǣȱһɣܿ۵ıأҵ۵ıڣ
߾϶³ıƣãá
ɾͻȻصĿ꣺аʣλֵܣǿʮ·˾λȴ³ǣӵǵϢһǻָңٴθҰɣ
аʣ
˵еʮ·˾֮һ
ڳг۶ޱȣ
ǵȻΪͽ·˾ŻѹնɱˡֻĨɱǵԪΪߣԤЩˣˣɾ֮䣬ڲſʼһս
ǰ
߾˵꣬һӰߣһ֮һҶߣͬʱ֮
һͬˣ
ͻȻɱĺӰǵ죬ڰ߶壬Ϊߣӡǵɱɹ߾Ҷȵķӡӡǵǿƽ⣬ҲΪһ塣
ؼҶȵǷӡǣҲ塣
˺һӡǵƿߣʱ˿չֳϢ߾𶼲ݡ
㿴˰ɣ죬ɴ۵յӣԪΨһһӵͨߣ̳˴۵һУǴ۱ߣ
߾һɨˣɱϵȼգԹϵŭͫȼգһУ壬壡
ɶ񡭡
û뵽϶ŵʱ򣬾ʹѹңңû뵽꣬ȻңΪʲôҵʵǲ£Ϊδ۲
ѹҵĲ£аʣǣҡΪʲôѵǴ۵ļˣѵҲ𣿡
Ϊʲô
ϵѹƣɾЪ˹


885 ȥ
Ϊʲô˭ܸң
ɾ񣬽ħ״̬
۰ۣ㲻ΪңҲļˣҲ㹲ͬԡѪսļˣ
ȥˣǶȥˣһţΪʲôҪ˶ң
ԡҸôݻһУõһУļˣԶļˣЩӦõõģ
һ˺źͣʣɾͻȻ侲ϵĿУ޾İԹ
ۣվ˵ߣұۣһֱλаΪηˣĲ£ѵûйϵ˲û㣿ΪδҶŽ칬ȴÿţ뾡취£ΪΪʮ·˾죿Ϊܻ
߾ҶȡվһаʣǰɾΪĳӪ߾ܵƣʼָʱ˿̣Ҳüѡ񹶻ţֵܣ޷˶ȥ֮ԻţΪ˽죬Ϊ˵㣬Ϊɴδ˵Ը
ΪЩ׼ģ棬ˣˣǿѡţϣģǲƻ˵־ｫԶĳ˯֮
ۣʵ㣬칬սʱ˾Ͷ󻤷й۵ĵǽȥģΪ۵־㲻Ǵѡ֮ˣ룬Ҳᱻ־ɱԣӹȥڣõ۵ĴУ볬ԽۣǻһΣ
Ϊȥܻڣѵ׻һ𣿴Ѿ֤еľͷǶҵʶ볬ԽԼ㵱ɲ˻һֱԵõ۵ΪشڣԶҲڣǴﵽԲҲɲǰڣİԶҲܣʧң
𣿡
߾˵ô࣬ʲô壬ҾͲţԪڣڵʱ㻹ͻƣȻҪҲȥаʲôҵĲ£Ҷ𣿡
ɲһҾҪɴ۵־ɱеķô۵ĴУõĴУ
ĳۣڣڶϵɽͷÿһԻ˵Źȥδ˵ԴĹȥ
һ̣߾ͻȻһ⡣
꣡
аа̺ķӡ˲ˣʧȥԪʧȥʶֻ֪ɱ¾ĻⶼžĻ
䣡
飬гۣЩᱦˣ˲޷ǰ
ΪıԼõıаͷŵĿͳͳӰʧ
ʲôʯԼʯ־ԼֵĲȱͳͳݣգ֮ըˣʲôҲûʣ£Ӱ١
ô
һĻΪбôװˡ
ǻȡǵĹǰɣеıأǴ۱ˣͨ壬ʯһģһһӡı䣬ЩɣԻ˵ıأȻΪ˳ΪǱͲڣ
֪ϴϴ۵ͨ԰һʣ̺ͨͨûʵ̬ⲻǺ¥У޵ʵѣ
ˣҶ춼ʱ߾бʧԭ
ԭǻһΣ
ҵıأ
ڱһЩ߾ⷬ׷ײţƵȥЩʧıء
ϧһʧһеʣֻʣ¿տһƬʲôûУһʯҲûС
޻Ϊʵ޴ʵ̬۶޷Զŵڣ֪ٸ¡
Ҷţһ˵̬ҶҲԣʥǹ޼սǣЩ̬һҶƿأʮ꣬ͻ᳹ʧڲ󷨱߽⡣
һĳۣҲ޵ıΪʵؼ޾֮бƭĳۡ
ǺεȵֶΣҪԵж޵ĸԼãһжҶĪԲӽɴ۾ͨ
ڣҶףΪɴ۵ˣ칬Ʒ
ɴѾȥҶҡҡͷһһ̾ϢҲֻǬ˹໨Ŵۣۡɴվͬ߶ȡȻһСɵ۲пʼ
ǿߣҶȾ͸֪ԼҪģÿˣȥԼһ棬ʵҡ
ɵףһͻƽݣɾͳ۵ˣȴǺܶࡣ
ͳͳȫնɱ߾𣬷ӡаʣǽûߵĳȥ
ɾһλڳۣƺɾйͨһٶˣΪʧȥʹǿٻ˲ڵѹȶ
ɾΪģ˾ۼһٶ𳬼ۣʣ඼ɵۣԿɽһһ
˼һ
ͨЩˣԿʮ·˾𻤷Ƕô˼ľš
һٶ𳬼ۣ֮һڣʣ¼ڣɾڣȫһɣֶ죬ҲҲٳԽڵĳۣҲһɾִڡ
ҶȾӤԵĶ޵оˣǶôСһˣȴ˾˵硣
ɾ˷ʼ磺һ˲֣ѹǣ
ɱɱɱ
û·볬ֻɾΪģѡɾ¡
Сѣʵ̫úñԼֶΣںӡǲһĳòڴۣͶɣ죬Ǵ۵ػߣӡǵӵߣû˿ɱ㣬ӡ꣬ѹǣ
ۿԷҪ֣߾չֳϹŶķ緶Ҷ죬һһš
аѾʧȥԪǸӦͻնɱӡǵӵ⣬жɣ
ãˣʹ߶аʵķӡ
쿴˿Ҷ߾Ҷ˲仯Ϊһޣ󷽹ϳϢ֮У֣ĺȻͷһƬϵ⡣

֣ɾƺ֪Ǵ߶аʵķӡ̴һ

Աһڸָ֣ͬӥצְԵƵһץ⡣
С
䣡
ڴ۵ʵֲۿҪȫץ⣬һѪ߾𣬵֮ǰ
Է̵ָץ˿ڣʱѪӿ
߾Ҳ˲䶯֣ڴ۹һţʹڶԷֱ߷ˡ
ھڣ߾ʵδָڣȻؽڴһй



ʱͷֻɢֻ֮ɹϵףа룬һ̣ˢףȫûһ˿ԡ
еֻ޾ȼյа


886 ֮ս
ûԪ񣬾Ҳһʬ⣡
ﵽڵаʣҲɾһһŷӡ⿪ڵƣͬش٣شݻٶ
䡫
аƽӡƣͷţǻƽţ˲飬žʣʲôаʵ£ͳͳΪС
аΪģΧ𽥳־޴ķ档

аƼӣȻͣаʿʼһɾһ£߼λڴۣдϴ߶һӲķ㣬аǿɢ֮ǰγɡ
䡫
γɾͱаʱƣȻϣٶˣȻʮףطеʣΪ˷档
䣡
ۿƸչ֮ڵǣ֮࣬а֮һһаʣ֪ʲôʱƿն
һȭպ
صȺɷ֮ϣ鶼Ƿ㣬ǲһѺۣ
ǲ
һȭɷˡ
£ǿ¡аʶڵǿߣ£һ˾˿£Һ߾ǰرϢһоҷǣ
һľϿգҶȼǰǿֲаʵ̫𺳣ղһȭ԰ľ޴磬һȭ顣
ڣ̫ˣ
ҶȷûеǬֵһ˿˷ܣǺ£ǬǻָڵʵҲֿܵģǬһָʵԪʵѾͨڴܿȵġ
ͣ
ʱһ
߾Ȼһаʽˡ
߾Ŵӳͷ֮ӳթɾУʵҲֻгԽ֮ʵ
ڣڵĶ֣
߾ڵгԽаһصĴڣʵ٣ȴڵ״̬
һаʣе䵶һں󱳣һѪۣ߾̿ʼܹȻֱӳɾӪȥ
Ҫаʣ׸ɾˣ֮֡
ڵаʣ׷ɱ졣
ӵӡǣӦ⵽аʹΪ˶ԸɾϢҲаɾڵһ
սͿʼˣ
ڵûʲôˡڲ£Ҿ͵ųƷӡ֮ϼƺϼƣ
ս˵ģҶ̫£ȻҲ岻֣ҪģǱס
ǰս֮УκһƣҶһ̼仯Ϊ촷ۣҲ
Ϊǳ۵ս
ҶȴʱԶԶģǰռ䣬ռ£ٶˣаʽ֣ͷŵƣǳ۵һɵۣһͽ׳ۣϵ䣬аʿ⼸Уͳױնɱ
Ҳ֪ʲôʣȻܳڳ۵ƣһʣͱ÷飬һƷҲ޷סڴۡ
սһʱҶһԼһħȡϵһսûгħ޷ȥġ
ҶȾԼҲڳ˯۵սȫ޷ע⣬Ҷȼ˸оʲô⣬ɾƿҶ󣬾ܸӦ޵Ĳ
ϴ󣡣
ʱΣ֮أƵͨĳһشݶ
ôˣ
Ҷһ͸˵ʵ
ͨѾӡɹֻҪɾնɱû赲ҵõɴ۴У
ħſЦȻǸ޷
ܺã׼ã֪ͨ죬ӡóںӡǣսףȻܸӦɴ۵ı⣬Ҳ岻֣ȥ۵ʵɱɱǳ䲻⣡
ã
ħ˲ͬ취Դӡǣսףȥɴ۵ĵȻɱǹ
Ŀǰֻ취Ҷ֮䣬һ𳬼ǿߣ볬
ҶƶôСһ꣬һҲܲˣһи֡
Լ˼죡
ಣ
ˣɾڳ׷ɱһϢɴ۴ߵݣҶڵ
û°ɣ
Ҷȴ죬һˣǳµĿ˺ۣڶʱָ
ҡҡͷҵʹĨɱһз־ķˣҲֵã
Ҷٻĳħڼ䣬ҶҲ޷ָƣҶȺȻʵδ߹ǣɴ۵ӣ
ʲô˵ģҵ常һͨʱңħ֮ңɽ磬ʱ常ѾԲ޷̤һأ常ңؽ磬ϵУȫɱϧ常־С
㲻ףΨһļˣˣ뿪Լĸоؽ磬常ȥ
쵭˵Ȼ䣬ֻ񣬶Ҷ˵ų⣬һ˿
ƽ֮ǰھ֮£ǾµĺȻ䣬ŲϢ
ƽҶȸоȫĮӣɰο常ʱ̣ѵ㲻ףΪ㣬úõĻ
常ҵһУڴԺ࣬ûԣľģû࣬Ҳ޷常հԶлΪ󣬿ϧ常һ˴Ӳ׷ˣһж칬칬һУ
ˣΪɴҪһķ칬
ҶͻȻ뵽һ֪࣬ҿʷƪ¡
壬常Ҳδظ߹ңֻ֪һ㣬常ӵһˣ칬ִУ칬Ϊ˻һֱ׷ɱ常ں꣬常ȻվķӢ칬
常ӲΪԼ룬ߵˣһˣ߾ǰУҲ常ĳһԴЦ常ͷв֮ģ常ǰԼĺӣǴˡģ
˶常常ļͥˣ常ĺӣ常Ԫĳڵۼ֤ԪĲпᣬ常ȻΪǶԼˣӱά
˵ȥ
ͫһֱȻҡҡͷһڣұ常־Ҫҵߣõ常ĴУУϣߣܼΪ常δ˵ԸƵ칬Ҳ֪常Ҫ칬ԭ򣬵ϣѣܼ̳ȥ
ģ칬һҵϣħ𡭡ǳħ𣬵ȴģ
һȻһµĳħһһڷǰ
ɣƣս׽ӡǣǵõ۴еڴ۵ĵںδںϾ֪ˣ
òԥӡͷųһ̣·˽ĳŵظ
ˣ˾
ǣ
һʧˣɱӦֱɱһȺĹ
ˡҪ
˲ӡǣ
ġѾˣ
Ҷҡҡͷġ־Ԫʱʧ


887 
Ϊ
沨δţ
׷Ѱɴ۶ٸ£ɴ常ɽɽĴһԪҲʧ
ҶЩףֻܶᵽʧȥ׵ĸܣΪΣ첻Ϊˣȥʼ벻ס
벻׸࣬ΪâҪͥʱֵƣΪԸһҲЦšذ׶ȥ
ӲףΪ໨Ŵۻ¸ҵɽ֮ۡ
ûµĳûŵУҶԶ޷졢߾𡢽âЩѡ
̻̰׹ǣжܿ͸
ɾǬЩã֮У
ԶȥӰһ𳬼۽֣ҶȡƳĬá
ϴ˵ĺܶԣ˵飬ˣ̫Ѿܵɴ۵ĵһٶȿۣ۾ͻΪǿƵؿۣ˵ٸҪ
ڨڨЦЦĮȴǸȵľˣҶȼתʧȥ
սףɴµӡǣͳͳħںϣʱ˿̵ؽڲ֮һӵɴ۱ԴֻҪԼڵǿߣҲؽɱǡ
Ԫ
칭
ڰʱʱ̹̿עǰս޴ĳһһҶȸ޷ᱻʵʬѪɡ
߾ڴ۽֣ҲһȺ۰ΧʱҶȱ㿪ʼʩչ칭Ԫ̬ںϣϢ͵ϮԷǳҲ޷ֵʱ
Ԫʥǹ
ҶȲż֣ʱ֮Уһ߾ʲô£ҶҲܱȫԼֻȫԸһ԰֡
Ԫ޵֮ͨò״޾޲ʵģԣʵµġ
Ϊ˷ʤ
ҪԪʥǹϣҲҪһʱȥԪںϹʥǹʥǹͳΪ޹ʥǹһʵ壬ȴûһ˿ϢʵС
֮
ϵһһĹʥǹͳͳղһԪ칭ںϣ칭Ҳޣ˾޷ӦϢ
칭ȻǾƷɽ磬ƷѾʹõǿʮƷһˣһ鼦ߣʺÿУԶʮƷϹͥľ֮ţ֤
ƷҶȽɵۣȫͷų칭
칭ȷһħһοӵ˺嫵ħ־棬Լһٶħ۵Ϣ칭ϰħǿƶɵ
ϵʩչԪ칭ʱҶȻǵһν칭ڲľ硣
칭Ҷ˵ֻһһۣ칭ܾͻʧȥҪҶġ
˲ϱǿ󣬶ȴģҶֻһַҪͬʱַǸ
ɾõȴףȫƿصġ
а
ȥҶ׼ɣһο룬սҪΪ飬һ飬߾սһڸ֡һаʣڶɾһаɱɱû찵أɾջƶ飬սڸ֣ϻʮڳۡ
˻ǳۣͳͳаУɥ߾£ʣʮˣ֮УǿĴڡ
ɾΪǿ󣬾ȻͬȾаʽ֣ڣ־춯أ궼ܵɾˣаҲǵ𣬱ɾƵջƶϵײ𹥻
Ȼ춯أɾٿСҪ׸ףæҡ
߾ǳԽɾĴڣʹʵûлָֻڵʵһڡһڵаʽʾǰǸ칬ɵĻպ
ԭ߾ҲĽ
Ľͬڽ
ȫԽˣǽǽΪҪ׷󽣵ռ壬ӵǿĻ
߾ͬԽʩչͨȴһֽĿ´һҶȶ޷߾
Ϊ߾
Ҷȿͨ߾߾ΪԼ˵߾ռһȭռӿ߹ɼ˲䱬аڸ֣޷㿪
·߾ÿһйܳƿؿռ䣬Ϊ
죬Ȼûڣڣʮڳۣž޴ѹѪõؽıӻһֱȥҲ䡣
Ҫߣûס
ϧģҪЩͳͳɱ⣡
칭
촦ͷҶԶ쳣գȻ˵һ칭ɵǿӳ칭ǿ޹ʥǹ
һڳۣԶɾ޴˺
ٿ
޹ʥǹֱֱشԽգ
ޣǲڣڣȻ޷֣ǹʥǹ칭ֻںԪѡ
Сӣˣ
һ̣һƣûзֻ壬һǿʵڽ֣ĸ壬ȫǶ֡
ͳͳµɣ
Ѫʮ𳬼۰Χͷǿ
¡䣡
Σ֮ʱڴڵλã󷽣Ȼ飬ڳۣԷӦ
֧ʥǹѸ͡ԵҰޣشͷ󱳡
ɵһסһƷиֲճ˵ɵһ죬ϲսϵǿߡ
ǣҶȸıʵ˴档
Ҷ۷״̬Ϸ벻ͬ㼯Ȼڳ̵ۣ͵ǰһˣһѪ
ǰ죬ƺ֪ᷢ¡
Ǻ
춸Ȼһһ֮ʮıͷŽ⣬޷ŭ£֮һڳ۵ܡ

ڵǿߣܣѪֱ磬ȻֻǱļ£ûȥ
Ҳ𳬼ˣӵʱ䣬תʹ߶ĽⱦҪʮڴ۳նɱ
رһһʮƷɴ۸һʮƷΪⱦһͬѰ
Ҷ˿ʩչСǧһţܱǿ߷Ϣ
Ҫɱң
ûڴ۾߶ⱦȻһնиڴ۵ķһۣ屻أʹæġ
ϧ͸Щˣô·
͡
һʹ̴۵ͷ­
õڴۣôУˣ


888 ħ
ڳۣҲ㡣
꣡
磬Ҳ꣡
ɽ磬ͨɵۣҪ߹꣬꣬ǧꡭ֪£վڳ۵ľ硣
һڴۣȺۣϧΪ̰ң̰һ㡣

ۣһ̣һ˷칥һͨŶĿ
޹ʥǹ
ʱڣǰ೬նɱʱҶһ칭һʥǹˣմҶǿ״̬칭Ҷȣȫγͬ
ﵽ£بŵȴ
ಣ
һ֧֧ԪĹʥǹҶȵУں칭µһһûһơ
Ԫ֮
˿̣ȻϢʼ죬һδֹʮ𳬼ۣ޷Ͼбⱦɴ
ֻҪؽ粻Ϳ
ֻܰװװ򣬲֮䣬ʮʥǹƶһƬռ䣬԰Χ֮ƣϢף׼һۡ
˲壬ʱ˷飬ץסⱦҶȹϵ޷죬ں֮ΪֱѽⱾڳ۵ͷ­
һ̺ͨһʹƳ۷Ԫ˲𳬼գ۾ض

ʱ䣬һָޱȣգһ󱳣̳һȭͷѪ
̫Ѹ֮ͣˣֳȻ֮һ
ô೬۵ʬ塭ڶ˵Ѿûж壬ֻжǵԪ񣬻кۼҵĲȻһ˵ķ֮ͬҲԳ۵ľ顭
Щ˵û̫ôڱ뿿򣬲ͻɵ۶ססЩ۵ʬ塢ɵ۵ʬ壬ȴռǵԪеĵԼǵиߵļˡֵܡ
ԶҶȴעЩʬ壬Ҫ֪ЩʬڱУ޼ֵǶҶ˵һǲĲ˿˿Ԫ񣬿Դȡ۲ֵ
кۼֱ࣬кۼĳɹվͻںݵ
ɾɴ۵ĵһأ
ЩĳۣԪȻʧԪϢҶȴʩչ龻ᣬճ۵ǵе
ˣ
ͻȻһϢٵ
ţ
һͬ˲Ƶġ
Ȼ˷Լ

֣ԷϢ֣ΪλҪ˵һ䣬ˣ̫࣬Ҷ侲Է̽Լ
һ
һӰƵģҶһӰͲˣʱƫƫֳ
죬̫죡
ãΧһڴۡ
Ҷ̿սΪǿߣͨ̾Ϳսɾ߾𶼻Զɱ
ΨֻУΧڴۣһˡ
ڡۣ
ӰݣҶˣڳۣ˵޷սʤֶֻȥľͷοڻгԲ֣֮ڿԲֻķݡ
֮ϣڣҶȸӲڣҪҶΣգҲס
֮ϾڣҶȷǵľ˵һֶ죬мڵĳۣ
ξѩŵӣҲɵʮףڴ֮䣬⻹ֶǿߴ
ɶ񣬸͵ϮϷ򣡡
Ӱϵ롣
ô죿
ҶǾٲά裬ֻԭزֹͣɣһ£һԷĴգһԷʩչƿ͸޷Կ
ܶ
һ£Ҫڳۣһƣ˺ķѣ
û뵽ɵۡһΨΨŵŵıġ
ɽɣɽɣΪ޵еġɽ磬ΪɣΪɣɣɾΪԼԺѵݺᣡ
ǣͻɵۣǴơ
ڳƿص磬Ҷһ취ƢҲûˣΪʵ磬а취ôСǧԴԽۣȴֻ飬ؼҶߣ̫С
ߣûа취
ɱΪ
ģ󣬶䣬ܲɱɱ
κͨ롢ʵڴʱҶ˵޼ֵʵһУһһֹغǡ

Ҷ޼ƿʩǰǶ۾ɽۡðͷ֮ȵȣҶٶкУڣһԽԼǧ򱶵ǿ߿ӣ̣޷
Ԫ񣬵ͻµԪ񣬾еɳ̲ոһ󹦵
¡ףҪٴվ̸ף
еǡ˰ɣ
㣬һֱҪǿһֱϣ
ڣϣļ֣һ˿ļֵջǿߡͷǰֻһֻϣ
ǣ
ͻȻҶһΪɣһޣֲܿ϶ǲ˵ģΪЩ˵ľʵ
ҵȷС
ʵҶȸʱᱻڴ˺÷飬ǵʵղǷһ㶼ûд
ΪԼôۣ
ԭɱһ𡭡ԭţͿһͳ½Ϊ½ߣα̤ݴ½˾ͲԭӵѩȴʲôһԵһͳ½磬ͳһ̫λ棬ԳΪһ޵еĻߡ
ڤӡǽ㣬ϣܻΪβȥȥںϷѰڤںڰ֮УҸһ½磬Զǵ̫λŮ
ʣϵسҶȵԺ
ΪʲôһԼôۣ
Ҷһʣһʱһҵ״̬һɶɽٵĴ״̬ԼԼسˣҶȺȻоһɱϢԪͻأһ¡
ˡ
Ӷ챬ըҶ͵ҡҡͷޱʵ䣺ǲңңʲô
ȻҶʱ򣬳ôµ
Ҿ㣬㻽ʵԼҾ㣡
ͻȻǸˡ
ҶɨķطԼ壬ԼʶҴӲԼʲô
ˣڣԼղΪҪԥҪ£һ棬Ҳĺڰһ棡
ҡħ
ħ㣬ħ㣬Ҳң
Ǹʮֿ˵
ħ
Ӳһȫ䣬ëһħȻħ˶־塢ɵħΪʲô֣


889 ս
ħ
ħħ
ħʲôħǵаɱ¾
ħߣ֮ҪնɱԽһ޴ѹأֻնɱħҡ
ħÿһߣ⡣
ֻмһ֣ӵ֣޴׷󣬽ڸ֮ϣŻڰһ棬һֶһɡ¼ɣعͷԼ£Ȼи顣
һĶҡ־ᣬڰһͻֳħʱ֡
ħĳ֣ҪңԶĨɱңգʧȥңͱħףûںڰ磬޷԰Ρ
㲻ó֡˶ԥʱ̣Ǹǿһ棬Ͳ֮
һ̣һδε˼Ҷȵָ
ڼԼʲôãҵĳ֣ԼڰһģӴһ㣬ңҾ㣬ʧԺһ֣һα㣡
ħޡ
αα㣬ԭͲôڣ
Ҷȿʼ߶Ԫһ𽥵ػָƽҲܲħȻҲ޷ҵħĴڡ

غ״̬ղһжɢȥСǧ£ҶȼڵӰȻķϵ֣Ȼû취ѰҶڣֻвʽݻҶȵߣʧ֮Ȼ¶š
ڵǿߡ
գȻҲħ
ҶȻһڣٺ˼룬Ҳٶҡڸֶǡ£ֻҪͿԲӦ䡣
Զվһ
ôʣڳֻۣԹޡεضйߣնɱƻռ䣬ҶҲ˶ˣֻҪܱҪҧסأء
һƽչأȴͻȻɱһӰˣ
ӣӣ
һѪȻҶȷ֮ʣɱʮ𳬼ۣһڵĴ۸֣ͬħ׾ɱ׽Ҷڳۡ
Ϊɴĵˣǲ֮ţϧɴ䣬ΨһȥôӲУпܶԽ߾ͨߵʣѾɴĸ߶ȡ
ɱһڴۣʲô

ڴ۱ֳһѮߣһ濹⣬ⱦײ
ԣƣҪѹסһأ
ʥǹ
ڿü
Ҷץסᣬץס칭ߣղɱ˲䣬չֳ֮Ī⡣
һõ޹ʥǹ칭޵һſŻҹյǺӡ
ţ
һ̣ߣһͨⱦ⣬Ȼһպ÷ͱһʥǹں󱳣岻ǰ㣬ͷ棬ƷڴҲóܡ
ʮ֧ʥǹǱѣԿͨ㿪ʼɢһѵѨ
ͣ
Ȼ
ץסᣡ
ͨߵͨһչ֣Ӱһһ£壬վһ
֮֮ۼ塣
ͣ
ռʱ˺ͣĿߣһԼˡƣ״̬£ǰѽ֮ţ̳һնѪ
壬Ҳδ߹
ڣΪ糬Խֻռؽ磬ϱͨߵƶѣԣ߲ˣһɨָסһת֣ص֮ϡ
Ѿ;ƿݡݵĵزҪնɱߣҪصĴۡοɾúúõġյĴУ
ҶƵһƬգ޷λãץסƫƫӦλá
ʱҶע⵽һս
ɾȻɱһаʣһڵĳۣԼҲ˺ۣԽ棬ִԽ㣬ʼһаɱӣû˼άаʣϼ޻ɾ֡
һаʵʬ壬Ҷȡ
һǿߣҶ˵Գ޷ʱҶȲԼɱ䣬ߵˣҲ˵õ޴
һ룬ͻѪ
ϧڻʱȥôʱ򣬶Ҫ棬ǾɾǱаʻҪĿֲС
һս߾𼸺һѪģ֪ٴսɱڴۣһаʲɱ
ֻҪնɱǰڴۣ߾նɱаʣô˾ͿԺԸɾ
죬㣬ɱĸӦٳ䲻⣬նɱ
֣ҶȿʼҪ֣նɱǰߣǰͷԪ칵ͨ
ܿӦ
龻֣
֮УҶȻסҪʩչɵ֮ӵ޷ͨ龻֡
ǰãҶȽɵʱͻȻǬɱ䲻⣬ħҲ֣óƼۣ˻޷Կڽɵۣͨ޴ɱ
龻־ӵɱϢ˵
һ룬ǬԲĴڣԪʵδָǸӦ棬ǺֲܿģҶʩչ龻֣ɱιȥ󣬶ԸǿЧ൱
ӣ
ߣֱŪˣҲ˺ۣ֣ӵʵͻȻһ壬һһңͷһȦ⣬һ
ͼٵߣ
ߣͷ֮ʼܵȼգҰޣʮָץһ޴֣׷ɱ
սսڣս־塭
Ҷȼ޵̫һ龻֣˵ϢɱεϢʼڻ龻±
ħҶȲòϣĵģ־볬ۣ޲࣬໨Ŵ۾İ
ֱǰ
ǿֶ֣̫ѵãοһˣʧȥݵͻҶｻ֣ھαչУҪÿ죬ʵĥ
һδսһδε֣ͬɴۣһδ칬⣬ܳɾͲĴ棡
龻֣
ڣ龻ɹҶһ֮ңǰһһҹߡ
ٿ
˫һ֣龻־͹תȥʯȺ
¡¡¡
龻̫ͻأûϢɱѽѷ֮ʱ龻ϿգͬѤ̻Ŀ𺳵ţһ޳˲Ƭռ䡣
޵ʥ֮ģա
ɲǼ䣬ʧȥߵһϢ
ΪϢ龻ָɱΣһصĽѹ
ɣ飡
죬ͻȻڻ龻ֱըϿգһգ˫һгһջΪһ𽣣ը⻷֮նȥ


ɱεĿռ֮У߲ҡʹ໽
֮
˿̣Ҷ֣ץһƬ׹⡣
㣬ɴӡ
ƺڵȴҶȳ̷ֿ֣ģһ⻯ΪӡǣֱӴҶƿ׹֮С
㣬ҲҪѲƤ
ں׹⣬ҶѸһץ֮γˣҶȺȫһ·պȥ


890 չֲ
龻ɱεĿռ䣬ʱ׹ٿٿ罣̳һǱӰƺ
Сģ
ͻȻҶҶȻ޷Ӧж
ˣ
˲ΣȻҶǰþ˸ߴӿһŹϽ⡣
Ԫȼ
ߺȻһ磬ŭǷ磬ȴֱӴͬľͷţ۽ǾȻѪ

ҶȿһĻΪͻȻǰԭΪ˿ֲ޷Ĺʱ󣬿ϧƣ޷̤
ɴӡ֮⣡
ߣƣʱ̡
˭иǿɱУͿһб
ȻǿһУȻ޴ƣ컹ǻúúõģʩչֻʩչͨٴ˫֮У˫ͫȼ
һȼյĽ֮⣬ԼԼؾһϵӰӰҲһ
ѲԼɣȴȫںϵĹﵽ״̬֮ⲻϵ졣
Ȼؽ磬꣬о޴ƣڴۣȻն֣
Դ
ؽ籾Դںϣã
Դģʿ֮еǱԴ˵λ֮ľǱԴɽ˵ҲǴڱԴģҲһ
ؽıԴɴģֻһ˿ãһãؽ繲棬ֻҪĴڣ춼
컯
Ȼ֮䣬龻ɱεĿռ䣬Ȼ޴档
龻άֵĳȣСҶΪסڴۼѾס
˿ʧڴѾ
ǣ龻ʧ֮ȫѪмѪߣȻӵȼճһʢϣĻ档
ϣĻ棬ΧȼգĦʯͷž˵Ĺҫ
ϢǿʢϢ˼飬ڳۣȻ飬УҪ컯ƾͻָ٣ϣ϶Ҳ֮»İ취
ʱ˿̣Ҷɵˣһ㴦־ѡȼս𵤣ȼԪڴۣȴһֶΣֱ飬컯ͨ
˴ۣ͸ܵͷǲ˵
ȻҶ֪ԷͨͻȻһ̤˫סػΧߴȥ
򣡣
죬ŵһ԰ףΧȼջ濪ʼγͬƽٻ¯һĹڡ

ȻסĹ
ЦˣȼգѪڷڣСӣΣѾ䣬ΪȥĿ⣡
꣡
ŭˣнľ޴Ӱ͵һ֣ʹ˻Ǿ޴ӰԼš
κη޷ֹӰɴ۵ķŭ
ͣ
飬Ž֮壬͡۽ǡӡ䶼ðѪĭ
Ϊʲô޷סҵ
ڷԼҪѽ֮ȥֱӸ飬֪˿ţƾη޷ֹֻ֮ŶŽ֮ʼɢ
Ȼɳڰ֣һɹɷӡʼ֮Ҫɱ۵޷ѣ
ѡ޷ѰΪʲôϷ޾£ͷֻõӵԣ־ѡ
˻ơţңʼĬϷǲģԽ棬Խɴۣ
ûпܵģ۱ˣҲûѡУѡսףһذΪǳԽκģҪȥԣһӶᣬң׷ڵ
Сӣ㻹ûʸѵϷ򡭡ΪӮˣϷȻҪ޷ѣǾȼս𵤣㹲
ɣ
ߣȻڴʱѡʿԸѡķʽǾǴ߶𵤣Ա֮
䡫
֮ըˣ
Ա𵤣ֻڵǿߣſѹƣҶȶֻؿ飬µıը֮Уʼɢ
ߣ
һƣͰѺ󷽵Ҷȣӽ𵤱ըʼʱ˳ȥ
䡭
ҶȲˣ壬ǿԱ˲ɣûлߣɽ𵤱ըԶսҲܵòɱը
⣬һʱհȼչâ
һжޣžըҫͻȻѸͣȥҲ죬ֻǻλۣһжʧˣ߾ȻһаɱɾͿնɱǰаʡ
졭
һ̣֮ΪʣɴռʣΪҶȵֵסԱ̷ɳȴը֮һΨһĹϹ⻷ڸԾš
ಡ
Ҷ̷⻷ǰ¶һϲúõУϵĹ⻷ս׵ϢȫһңȻҲһ˿˿Ϣ
쾹Ա£˼漣
ףҪȥ֣˿̵죬Ƥ΢΢ضţ޷ƣС㡣
ɵʬ塢ڴ۵ʬ壡
Ϊ˳Ҫ֣Ҳܴȡϧһˣ죬Ҳ޷׻ȡ
ƫƫҶȾӵ־ֶͨΣΪ㣬Ҷһشӷɣɣ̤ɵۣеĳɾͣƿ޷ֿġ
ৣ
ֻҪս֮ʬ壬ҶȶͳͳʩչԪʬȫһַֽΧڣҶ޷ȥȡϸһ£Ѿʮ𳬼۵ʬ塣
ڵʬ壡
ôһʵõһҲûҶ˷ܣ֮Դ
ûһҰݣȴԾ籩꣬ͲεȥҰҰݵ֮
ס
Ҷ촫һԪ񣬰οһͰԶսռ䣬򣬲аʻɾһлӦͻնɱ
򣡡
ҶͷСǧڽա
Ȼ߶˲俪ʼ߶̫¯濪ʼܵȼգ񷷨򣡡
޴ķ̫¯л棬пֲȻִһͨ龻֣
ʬ壡
Żһץʮɵʮ׵ʬ壬̫¯֮УɵۣҶѾֱַʩչ̫¯ͳΪһޣʮɵ۵Ԫ񡢾Ѫ׷롣
µľʮ߰׹ǣ
ಡ
Լʮ֮
̫¯Ȼһ𣬵һƮһȭͷ֮飬оѪҲɵ۵ʮɵ۲Žһţе벻̫¯ȼմ

Ҷȿ죬ץס֮飬һĺ󱳣֮ݣһڡ


891 ɾǿ
ʲô
һ㣬ƺܵ͸оƮƮģһϢҪȼա
ʮɵ۵հɣһ£ڴ۵֮ؾָܻ
Ҷ˵ָһץһת֮ˣγɺ
ûų⣬ûкܴĶֻϢ
ҶѰʮɵ۵ľѪе׷֮飬̺ľѪ
˼飬Ȼ˴
ȻӵڵʵڣͿ̼գƣ̬˸ı䣬ۣһ̾
ָȻָȫʢʱڣ߾ǰԸɾʵ̫졭
Ҷתһԣ쾲ָģڶܲˣڵս̫ңԶ
ʬ壡
̫¯ԱߣҶһͷʬ壬ʬ壬ɵʬȫһ䣬ͷŵϢҲκɵۣ޷Ტۡ
˲࣬ǿԪʧ֮һķʧһ߽⣬ʣµķȻ
꣬Ҷȹһɵ۵ԼеĹ
գҲòȥ
߳߳
ڳۣ̫¯Ϳʼ濹⣬򿹺⣬̫¯ʼҵҡΡ
̫˼ˡ
ҶظĸһۿȥĽ磬ﵽֵزһҪӵĶ࣬һӳһ㣬ۣ۶ˡ
޼ս
̫¯޷ڴ۵Ҷȹϵѡ֣ɲǼ䣬޼ս˻ƣһֳ£һֳ֮ʼһδεعڴ
䣡
һһΣǧ
ҶȲͣعףβɾնɱÿ˶޷ųȥԣȫԸڴ۵ķ߾ָʵ
аʱ̣ѹɾ
Ҷ㣬һδεعȻŹƼʣ»ķ
Ҫ£ܴݻ٣
ǳɵ۵Ĳ࣡
⻹ڶѣ
㹥Ʒ㸺
ȻҶȸеһů֣ǰţȴһ˿ЦҶߡ
ã
Ҷȸ˲ѣָ֮죬ӵڵʵҪЩʬ׾٣
ͳͳɣ
ʮڴ۵ʬ壬ѹѹط̫¯Ҷÿռ䣬߶̫¯
ƣ
ҶȻҪ׼ֱһȭһȭһȭһڴϣͺˡ
һȭ̱һ߳ڴչҶǰ
򣡡
龻֣
ΪԼʱ䣬ҶͬʱʩչͨΪľǿٶڴ۵ڴۼʧ䣬ҲգҶȱǿֶΣܿٵա
סڴʬ壬Ҷ˫ֱҲʬؿڣ֮ͨ£ڴ۵ѪԪ񣬿ʼ͵ɻ龻С
һ˶󡢶Ҷ˵˼γˣ
ֶͨΣҲĿ࣬Ժں̵ܶʱ䣬̤ڣĽҲΪ常ᳬԽ常
쾪ȵؿҶȺޱһڴĸɸɾ
ҶȵһЦͨԼ֮£ͨҲǶһ޶ģ䲻ǾҲǳ۶޷ȼġ
䣡
ҶȻѰһڴ۵֮켸ѾеĴʬ壬ƻĸɸɾ
ܿ죬ҶȾͰѵһ졣
Ȳڣһԣʼڵ˵ɵʲô۵Ҫġ
ʬ壡龻֣
ʮڵĴۣʧȥ˷ҶԾʩչ龻֣ʬס̫¯ϣʼͬʱնʮ۵Ҷȸܵǰþ춯ҲΪ֡
ҶʱսһߣҲ޴ı䣡
аʰаʣȻô꣬Ͱ°ɣ
ͣ
ɾջԳԽаʵԽڵĵزջƶеȻ֣Ϊջƶһƣ˲סаʣһԾջƶ֮С
ջƶɾںϵ
аʾͱջƶɾҲ൱ʹࡢںˣʩչɳѪһս߾϶ĩյˣ
ߣһ
߾ƺаʶ֣аʣһɾնɱһ𣬱ջƶ֮Уʣһ߾ɱò£ǣ߾𽥽֧Ͼʵδָаʽ̶ֳֵȣ漣
Ե⡢ɱɾ߾˿ɵչֳǿߵķ緶㴦ƣҲа潻֣Ѿ֧顣

ջƶͻȻ
аУͷڵҪƽջƶӡ
ǣɾ˲ҪУעа޷ջƶӳ
аԲʵлᣬΪջƶɾȫֻںϣܴ߶ջƶѣҲֻѹڡ
аʣҪǰж¶ţ۷֣˱·
ɾݺŭһ̾ͳջƶԱߣ߶ջƶڲ¶ȣٿȻϴܣͬĵ¶ȡ
ϧϷֻ֮УһɾЩģǻջƶɱаʡ
޷ġ
ˡ
ջƶ𶯸Ӽңаջƶڲжôʹ࣬꣬󻤷֪նɱ칬ִߡ
֣
ʵʰ㣬Ϳаʣնɱ߾϶۵ĴУҵģ
ɾͬߣڰ߾
߾ǰΣˣ
ɾȻѹаʣںһڣһʲôҶȼһĻӿڴ۲
ڻ龻֮Уһ޴ԽԽҶȻͣذ֣գѾָ״̬Ҫﵽ۷塣
࡭һУ
ҶҪ֤ǶԸɾ޷ɾ֣ȴṩ߾ϣԿɾϳõֵĴʱĻѹɾûϣ
䡫
ֹ˼죡
ͻȻջƶͻȻըڳһѪ
аʣȻջƶ֮ڣյñըѡ

ɾһջƶͬˣգɭɭض߾𣺡߾϶³òȥ
̫Σǻŵζ
߾һδεаʿʱȻݣҪҲգһգƤ
µĳ
ͬһ㡣


892 ĺ
ջƶķô㿴ǲǺϤϧɴ۵ôҲ޷뵽ķȴɱ׽ˣ
ɾڴ߶ջƶһ߾ջƶһƣһɹԴͷųƣƵɽ
ϵɾǿ׳ͬˡ
ϴΪˣֻü
߾аɱò£ѴƣܵջƶϢ߾غһ
ͻȻϢʧˣˡ

аʶŭˣûʶĴڣֻܼɱ
ٿ
߾ȻӰŤʵϢӿ֣аʶʱɱȥ߾Ťķɾ
ڻģ
а׷ɱ߾𣬷ⷽɾɫһ䣬ǲмһߣΪʵǿ߾̫࣬ӵȫڲ֮ء
ԭ
߾аɱɾ˫סջƶԲϵͷţһƻͳͳջƶΪֻƴ֣ȼյٿȻץ߾аʡ
ٿ
߾һ

ûʶʬаʣͱɾץסʼȼգаʣаʹߣ֮ɱһͨ
аʣ߾϶˶ã
ɾ̫аʣֻʱ⣬߾ȴöԸ߾а£һΡ
ƫƫڵаʣڣǿߡ
ǰϢ
߾ոһУƣ̬գ취ɾҪƻջƶаʲɾ
취סšҧס
˿̣ͨĽƣմݶ
߾³ç֮ˣͷŽ𵤣Ҳ޷ɾͬھʵ֮Ĳ࣬Ǵ߶ͨϢʧա
ӲȥⳡϷҪǺúȥɾ˿졢Ҷȡɾٴ
ǰ˵úأ
֮ңգʵסߡ
߾ո󷽣ͼҶֳҶȼ߾һ𺳣Ϊ߾Ѫ⣬֮һߣɼ׹ǣҲֻܿһڡ
취ȳȥֻҪֵλгƵСʱӱɾˡ߾˵
ҶҡҡͷӲȥΪӡǽƣΪɾ̫ңԶֻҪ⶯һ£ӦǡĿǰĺסһʱ䣬ϵԽãԽ󣡡
߾üͷһ壬һЦû취ڻǳȥֻҪǳȥ֮ܶӦһ۵ıӡ⿪ֻ·һ
ԣ߾ҪԼΪҶ컻߾УҶǿ籩ѿǻ졣
ǰˣʱڳͷ֮ȥﵽĿĵģΪҿκҪ
ৡ
ҶЦȻֶչ˫֮Уͳһɶʮڳںϵ
⡭ȻȲ˼ͨ¾Ѫ߶ûͨȫԼԪգ
ʱ߾ͬϣҪľҪģƣͿԵõָָͿɾ֡
Ҷ΢΢߾ǰŵĵǰںϰɣʱ䲻ˣ죬뿿㣡
ã
߾ԥǿ󣬲ܱҶ죬ʶҶȣһɵֶۣθ侲ڲЩףΪô˽ͷ֮磬Ҫƻͷ֮磬ΨһģҶһɵ۶δﵽ
ٿٿ
ʱ
ɾаʣһ̣ջƶϵطӡѹаʱ߾˫֮С
ֻڵչֳҶȴĿ߾ƤѪ⣬ǳһ䣬ɵǧ򱶣Ѫ֮УҲŵԣֲ߾ǿ
һϹŶһߣվڣſʼӴߣֶͬԣߣǴﵽɵ£ſʼˡ
Ȼ߾ֻʵĻϣȴڵаʣò¡
ҶȼߣԼߣôǰ߾𣬾Ҳһſʼãվѵ״̬ʱֻ֣ڲŴڡ
߾жôҶףҪһɡɣĻȵ״̬ſʼУ߾𣬿ʱٵǵסջȷѡС
Ĳ
ۼʮǿߵͱ߾գңٶȱҶȿ̫ࡣ

ʧһ̣߾ۣЦЦ̴߶յڵչˡ
֮һѪ⡣ƣʼ̳ϣҲϵں𵤡
ܿ죬ƣشڵ۷壬쳬Խڣڣʱ˿̣ȸոӳͷ֮ʱҪǿһ֡
ϧɾ໹̫󡭡߾˵ػָҶȵĹͣǿ
ʱҶȱѡòףܹѹأǷһץʮɱĺɫϢֳǰʮ֮
֮
߾ĿһʮĹâȻǶ֮ȥõ䣬ñϢСӣ濴ףΪب˶£
õıڶԵϣŲ˷Դʮ֮Ҷзɳ
һ־ʮ֮뵱꣬˵ֵܣȥȡ֮ҪΪǴȥŵõٶѣãⶫܹԪǿҪģ
߾ʲãͳ֮Ķڣ˵պÿڻᱩ
߾϶Ȼ˲Сģ¶ţ
ͻȻһȼյģԱʷ֮Уʼͳͳرգɾɱһаʣջƶһˡ
߾תʱ򣡣
ҪСģϢǰԸ
Ҷߣһ
õģһһԿ׼ᣬ֣ʱɾһǿƣҶȸо壬ϾҪ񼦵ѹ顣
ڵƣƶѡ
ֻϣܰ㣿߾֣ұԺúõغӳͷ֮ӳҾúû뵽ʳŲ
ҿԺúô۵ıأдУվڴ۵۷壬ٴƷ칬ϧ
ɾһƽ
Ը칬ڻƭңջƶ칬֣֮У칬ϵѵ˵
߾ŭغȵ
ȥ׷Щֵܰɣ
ͻȻɾͷһ𣬻ΪƳֱӳ
䣡
֪˳ͱ߾һһƣ÷顣
ɾ˫ͫһֱҡͷԣܣ̶ʱ䣬ôʵôࣿ


893 ߾ɱ
ܣܶǰҲΪ칬ܡ۲䡢Ҳܴӳͷ֮ӳ̫Ĳܱɿܣ㲻òŸı䣡
ɾһ߾˿ƣҲͷһȦǣԷڲࡣ
ããҴδ뽻֣ʱǨδǾһսɣҪ֤۵ѡΪǴģ
ɱ
ɾ˲˵꣬ͻΪһջƶɽƣ߾һɱ
ߣ
ҶȱֱӳԪ񣬽һѪֲ̫ˣ磬ֻɾĹɱ
Һ쵲ǰ̴߶СǧϢ
Żɣ
߾һ֣һɿµķ򣬳ˣջƶɾһģɱ߾

߹ɱըջƶ֮ϣջƶػζײ
߾ţջƶʱץһɾڿУһ
ɱ
ɾɫһ䣬ȻܰջƶɢͷһֲĽɾҪסջƶܣƺ֪߾ͨǸո̤գͷǰһֱײĽҲǡ桢涼ǣҲһɽһߵ
ߵȫɾȥ·
꣡꣡
ɾûܿܣһ˿ڣۿߵҪըȻջƶ֮С
¡¡
߹ջƶΧͱը
ֲ߾칬ڽڰˣͨȫƿؿռ䣬ߵߵɷռ䣬һռ䣬ԣÿֲһžͨ
ԶԶİҶɼ֮ĵŰѸղܵɾˣػָ
ʱȫȫעǰս仯
һߵ򣬻ַΪ򹥻ҶԽҲô죬ǵɴ£֮һ
ǲڵ״̬ȻһιӵջƶҲҪˣҲᣬջƶ
߾ģնɱɾĲǰǣκιöԷ
߾϶߾ɱ˾춯أϧǻָȫʢʱڣʮңҲĶ֡
ڣʮ㣬ҲҵĶ֡
ɾŵӱըմ
ţһ߳ȻһͷһƳۣȻջƶƲ࣡
߾һŭ鶼ڲȻջƶںϵ״̬ܣõջƶʱջƶзţҲõˣ
ǵȻô꣬ΪʲôܴΪʲôҲҪռ󻤷ķΪһõмؾɾЦƳۣģȫһ
߾˫ȭ߬ģ˱ըƺҪɾֱӴԹȻڵ칬йϵ۵ʱѡ㣬Ǳƭˣ
Ҳôɵȥ칬Կ칬ʲôǰ֪ս֪˰ɣǵȷɽ磬ΪػɽڵĲ࣬ǿ⣬ԾĹһôɵ𣿡
ǲɵ̫̫աƻˣʮ·˾кܴϵ
Ƕǹȥκϰֹһ׷Ϊ󣬶ҵĿģҲƷ칬ֻǵķʽһѡԼƣ֪칬ѡоʵ칬ײǵķʽһĿĶһģ
һĿһģɫ
ܿܶѣ˭칬Ϊɽһˣ˭벻࣡
ɾһЦʱӽˣһ˹һڡ
ɱ㡭
߾ͻȻıϢ˻̾ɱ㣬ζԵȥֵܣ޷õѡ
ɾ𽥿Լȥ
֪ΪΪ߾𣿲Ϊ߾ɱΪҵ˲ȼߴΣÿһΣҵʵԣԽǰһΣ
߾˫͵һģһɹ棬ʼȼգȻϧΪնɱɾȼԪ
ţ
ɾһʱæ߶ƳۣʼγȻ֣һȼյľ棬ץס棬ͳ߾ȥ
ȼߴΣÿһαǰһǿǺεȵͨ
ɾòȫһ
ЩϹŶ̬߾ǰͨ붷ݵս䣬һͬ
ҶȼܺΪڱǿѾñпŻơ
ɱ
Ȼ䣡
߾ͫߵȼյĹ⻷Ƥȼڸոӵ״̬£ȻʩչǿȼԪ
䡫
һѪ߾屬
ɲǼ䣬һɳԽڣﵽƵ߾屬ʱ̣ɾԼջƶĻ湥ͬԵ񵶣ճ߾ն
һ̣߾Ҳһߵȼ֮⣬Ϊ˻ͻͻͻռ䣬ɱ֮⣬ͬ𣬹âɣеĿռ䶼顣
ߵҪƿ磬ӭ⣡

ջƶȻɾɳһĻų֣ߵ߾ͬʱɾɾؿջƶɳ޷ٶһ£ߵزš
գ۹һзò˼顣
ȿȡ
߾ͬʱһѪƿʼʧߵסɾϽݻ٣
߾϶ϧʵδָһ㣬һ㣬Ϳ䣬ԪɢһᣬǾĩգ
ԭ޷ɾͻȻƣ״̬£Ȼһֻ֣ѪܵצץƶѾߵ߾𣬺޷
ۡ
Ѫһץץ߾أȻ͵һһ飬߾ͬȥһ㣬ɶȥ
һжҵģ
ɾջƶƺҪָ
óѣ𽣣
һӰɾƻ
ֳջƶ֮ǰ޷˵Ž֮ջƶͻأشɾ
͡
һѪǰ
ɾǹѪ֣Ȼ֮ʱͬٶȣڽ֮ͬʱѪҲźһѪ
ˣؿƶԷ
ɾɭɭаЦݣëս˿ɵĽ𽣣䶢죺Сϣ㻹ûʸ񣡣
컯ȭ޵У
ȻճһĨʥʥ⣬Զ
֮ͨ
ʥɱ֮ʱɾӣȻҲˣҪ֣һƾͿԻʥ⣬ǣͻȻʩչͨߵ
ô£
ɾͻȻоܿ
컯޵У
ʥڰĹâҶƿնһȭȵشգ޷ɾԡ


894 
ɵ۾磬Ҷȵһʩչ컯ȭֱӵʽң
ң
СӣȻ̶ֳȡ
ɾҲ֪ΪΣȻ޷ԪϢ޷ƣǸӦǾ׼
컯ȭϢ޾ʥԣɾֽӴԴϹŶϤ
ʧȥңҾǿһУʧȥҵ㣬Զĳ٣
Ҷһǣ߶̫һʩչոĵʽҡ
ɾ׿ȥ˦ңڵʱ̣Ҷȹϵؿһ㣬ʩչǿһ

ʥȭͷɾ֮ϣ컯̺޵ͨɲǼӿɾԺ
ãɵĺã
ǧ֮⣬߾ȴĺ
߾ǲҲ̶ãȻ¸ɾһֻѪ֣˺أڰ⣬һ࣬΢΢ض
һڵǿߣ˺ء
ؼţֻʱ޷壬Ҳ˵߾𼸺ûս
ԼǿһУɾˣѾǲ˼飬Խʵȫ֤ǵɴ£ǿĴڡ
¡군˰ɣ
ҶȻط֣һɾҶţҪ߾ȼǿһУشɾּɾһҶҲʱʩչǿɱС
Իˣ
Ҷģ
ҶȿԸܵԼĹ̫⡢̫һɾԪݺᣬһУֱӹԪ
ţ
ͻȻ˶
ôˣ
ҶƬиʱ䣬ȴغһͰ壬˿̣ɾѸ˫ۡ
͡
һĻٴν٣
һֻѪ֣ͻأشɾ󱳣Ѽ˺飬ͬѪɫһ¾ץסҶȣСһ
ˣ
ҶȾĿɿڴɾ̫̬ˣ־Ȼδڷ·˺Լ壬һֻѪ֣һʱ䣬ҶȸоԼȫ޷ơ
Ѫֵȫƿأһ˿ᡣ
С̫СˣҶؿĲࡣ
ǶҪܵҵ䣡
ɾЪ˹ҡͷԣѪֱһѪ̣鱬ѣȻ
¡
̫ˣ
ѵڵ򶼴һɹаԵڣϵӡ
ѵͷһж׷ˣ
߾˺أȫɥʧսͷŸ壬϶ҲɾĶ֣ԼֱƿأҶһθоҪ١
̫Сˣ
ҶȿҪҪɾǿʱһϤشԺӵƺ޴ڡ
ҶȸոҪѰԴʱһɫ۵ĺڷӣȻоһԪغһΣʹ߳Ҷȵǰ
ڷĺɫۣ̺аǵϢȻĿ⣬ȴֳʥؼҶȳһģһֻǺڷҶȡаģϢǺڰġ
ǺڰҶȣ
ħ
ڷҶȵǰһʶֻҶܿĴڣڷҽܣȻһЦޱȣңʽˣ
Ҷû뵽ħͻأղķһɣǿɾǰо΢֮ʱˣҶȺߵħҵħ㲻ó֣֣ҲʧǱģ֣ҪʲôҵЦ
ΪʲôҪЦΪǹģޣģҲңʼǺڰģһԼĿһУﶼΪףֻӵʲôãڵ㣬̫СӦñһҪ
ħƵ˵ϣȻҶȻҪݣƺߵħǱҶǺڰһ棬ħֵˣҲҶԸ³Һлᣡ
κҶȲܷŹһ˿⡣
ħЦݣǾҳΪף㻹δںϹںϺڰȻʵҵʵڰ޾ģȴ޵ģҿʩչڰɾߣʲô䣬Ҳв̫
⼸仰ҶħĿģԭңңùԶʧȻһУΪһĵᣬҾҲڣѵˣһ̫λ棬һзھ䣬ҲҵıѪ£ҿԡ
𰡣㻹һشͷʼˣѾϣһΣ
׿һ棬룬Ǭô£ѵûֶΣ׷ϢһУаգǿߵ׷٣ˣǬĿֶΣҪһ򱶰ɣڣ
ħ
ΪҲˣ󣬶ҡѵˣҵĺڰһ棬δģҲδҲģҲƿصģȥգԣԲ˵ȫԻң
ħǲģ
һ̣ҶȼԪ񣬴߶ҪħʧϧħξȻţҶҲȥٴյеĲ񷷨򣬹Ȼ𵤱ɾ¹ǲ񷷨С
Ƿ
ɾڣҲ޷ƷҲзѣ
ϣ
ɶ񡭡Ų񷷨УҶȾͿͷһ򣬰ħǿеشǰϡ
ãħһħֱӶйҪԻ壬ñԸ׳Ԫħᣡ
ҶЦЦħʱ飬֣ҶȾܣħֻԻʶȥ壬ܶйһּΪìܵ¡
ħԼԼΪҪԼ
ۣ
ħҶȻ˫ͫһɹϴԵ˺ѣҶ𽥵ؿԼѪɫסɾڷЦһ̣ܵڴ
нһҪôߣƷ칬
常ԸȻҲҵıԸϧ常ʱҵľѾ常ȥҿδҲȥҲңҴĿģѾɣ
϶õ壬ҪסɾǶôĳ
úûţɴģ
ҶƺһֲõԤС
常ҵһУھҵҲΪɣһʩչͨǿġľ֮һʩչͨģԾҲ䡭Ǵͨ޵УõϹ䣬һж˵һԣһʩչ߶Ϳ߰ɣ
Ȼ˵˵꣬ͲˣҶҲղ񷷨ۣ֮ͨڼ죬˿˫ֺһ
Ҫ
ʵ̫ˣҶû뵽նɱһɾ߾ѡͬھԼҲδֻͣ֡
ͨģѣ
˵ĸ֣
꣡
죬˫ͬʱڲɾĽ֮ϣһ֮ʼӿɾڡ

Ҷȴʱ޷ݣĴĻҪ͸оƿصѪ֣ƺûϢ
޽磡
ĻᣬҶȲɾʱ˿̣ѳȥ޻ᡣ
͡


895 ħ
һͻأҶȼƻ
˿ᣬûץסҲץס
ոʩչͨ߾Լ࣬ơںɾȻԾԶ
һɱ
ǣͨƺûЧ
֣Ȼڽ֮ϣҶȿóѾûжٵֻвԪ񣬻ܿһ˿˿ˣûжٲࡣ
ϧҲûлɾһͬ
ɾϰǻըˣֻʣǼ֧ͷ­
ǻ֮ڣȻһֻֻѪ֣ӤƵ裬ޱȣɾѪ⣬Եץõǡ

ɾͻȻЦһλָȻ
Ȼ߾ȫնɱ££ɾܻѵվڵǿͨ
δҲ̫ף
޽֮أõȻСѣտҲҪ
Զ߾𵭵ľ㵡
ǰµǻҪȡһ˿ҿɾ޷ʱһдϢᣬ롭
ҶȸŲסԼѪ֣ڲϵʧаϵɾ޽֮صõҲ硣
һĵط
ϧϷﲻ㣬֮޷ϡ߾εҡҡͷ˵
УҲܾԴУҪȥҪںϲò񷷨ҵ
Ҷ˲俴𵤣ڵɾѹסҺãһ˿˿ķ򣬷С
֮ⷨС
αأķ򣬲Ÿոտʼڳǰ΢㿴߾³ûУɱ߾򣬶ô˼飬һʩչ˺޻ܣ
ҶȴӲ񷷨֮УѰҰ취ʱһϤӰҶǰһͷڷħ
޴ڣ
Ҷ䶢һ޴вǱɾµĵˣϢؽԼĵģߣﲻҪ㣡
߲ߣ޷ˣ㿴㶼ڿҪʧ״̬ģҪ֧ңˣ̫ˣԪѾηĵģѾڶҡ
ħܵ⡢ŲЦݣϵҶΧѣƺ̺صֶΡ
һأҪװĨɱҶʵ޷оȥо񷷨ΪħԱߣǻʱʱ̶̿Ѱһᣬע⣬
ĨɱңԶûη壬ûеӣûкڣûмʡڣƽƽ
ħȻҶȣΪ˶㣬ǲװ׵ֻǰ㣬߶񷷨򣬴ɾƿ֮Уӳ죬ϾˣҲˣҿɲ뿴³
һ˵Ҷȷʣ
ȻûУֻҪʶҪʲôͻἤҵңǧҪһ˿Ľҵ뷨ҵĿռ䣬ҪԸ⣬ҾͿҵĺڰĲ񷷨
˵Ҿӳ죡
ħЦ
λãӳ죡ҶĿһݣʵڿħ磬ڰҶȲԼڰһ棬ա
úã㣬㣬ҪԶҲȻ
ħ侲ʼ磬հ֡
񷷨ʮھ򣬰ɾ֮ʼһԿұӳȥ
ã취Ψһİ취
򣡣
ҶȫʼоͷŲ񷷨ңħֻһһ߶񷷨
ڰʱգ
ħһ̤Ϣ֮⣬˫һ֣һɺڰͬǳʧȥ˹ӿ񷷨
Ȼһǳ磬УڰУȻؼת
򡭡ҵķ̫翣
ͻȻ֮䣬ͷҶȾȻںϲ񷷨һ˿΢ĸз
û뵽Ȼͻɵ۶׵ס
ҶҡҡͷЦһĲʱ˷һ˿ĻᣬһɱϢҶȻع
ڰı䣬Ҷȹһħĺڰ򣬾ȻҲ񷷨࣬Ǻڰģ
밵뺮ˮâڰ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷħͬʱ䣬ںڰ񷷨ںʱ˶һͻȻ
ץסɶҶħͨ죬˲֪Լ뷨ԣͬʱ߶Եķ򣬹ڰȻһֿµ
ٿ
ɻʼڽ֮ڵȻҶȿ£ʼյΧ
ȻԺΪҶȵ̺̫һԣϷ򣬾Ϳ
׼Ƴ⣡
ħ˵ˡ
ҶȵͷʱħÿһһᷨӡͬģħֻǺڰѣҶȵĹڰںϣҶȸоԼʱҪͻɵ۶ףϧڻ
еסˣ
Ҷ˫ۣӲסԼѪ֣ħ˵ʼɣȫѪ֣ħ
Ȼˣ𣡡ħȻصĹЦһ
ƣ
ںϺڰĲ񷷨˲䣬ըһ˳˲Ѫֿʼײ
ٿ
һ̣һԪ񲨶һ˿ϢŲ񷷨⣬
ǣ
һֲõĸоͷҶȸӦһɺڰϢһĨԪ񣬾Ȼɳ⡣
ҶҲô࣬ʼٵѪֲɱȫԿɾ޷Ƿڷŭ
𡭡
ʱһҶȺ󼹹Ƿħ⴫
ǡħȻ뿪⣿ܣ뿪ң޷ģҲ㣬ôԷ룿
Ҷ޷ţš
úڰںһ˿Ԫ֪޷뿪㣬Ԫ񣬿뿪ڣԪ÷ںԪȻ󲿷ֵң뿪㣬㿴˭
ħϵҶǰ
ҶȲõԤУڳˣһѾ죬ȻаĿԼˡ

ˣħȻض죬ץסǧѷĻᣬҶͨ뿪ҶڣңԪ
ħʵǽթϻѡ
ԣӦ˵ҶȣħҶһķ񣬳䲻⣬ﵽĿġ
ħҶȣ
Ȼ컹һ˿ҿںϣȻ߶Ԫиͨץס˿ָ
ǲǾúϤһֶΣѵҾûУΪҾ㣬˶ֶΣҲУӴˣҵһ֣ѵõͨڣ
ħͬħаɭɭֺڰޱߣؼϢִһ˿Ĺ
ħܰ뱾
ҶȴδΪٵû鷢ħԼĺڰһ棬湲ġ
ǣҶȵħȻ뿪ڣһ죬Ϊһʵʵħ塣
һ¾͵һҵҶȣһڰҶȡ
ҶȷԼ޷ǰʵǧ治УҲû鷢
޳Ȼһж޳ġ


896 һͷ
Ȼ죬ĺڰңȻɱңΪڰ磬ԶңֻҪкڰɶҾͻһδεĵڻᣬԺǿԣ
ħҶǸģ͵ҶˣȻˣΪĿĲǶ죬ҪҶģϣԻϵشҶȣҶȡ
ɾԶħ
ɶ񡭡
Ҷ֪ħħⷬ˵У޷նɱħȻħˣԿһУΨҡ

Ϊ
ҶԼҲҲ𰸣ħĵ棬ΪǿߣʧȥһУͷʼһ˿ȴһ˿аľɶħͻԶĴڡ
˲
Цˣ˴䣬ȫû壬Żѡ·ˣж٣
󲿷ˣηģ
ηһ棬̰ҲǺܴأΪҪؽ磿ҶΪ˽ΪóǿһԵ񱣻ͷʼҶҪؽ磬Ϊ룬Ҷ޷칬һǿУǬһС
ˣҶȲŻģڰһ棬˽ͷӶշħĳ֡
ԭ̫࣡
ΪУħԭ򣬾еУ
ֺҪʵҵĳ֣ÿ㣬նɱɾɱˣҲסɾȻӳȥ
ҶһǷϡ״̬£ħһ޷ˡȻ˵
ƭң
ҶȺȻѡ侲һɨħҶȺܿͻָǸĿ򷨵ǣǺǣħҪ㣬Ϊסɾӳ죬¡պøᣬһӶ޷㣬ǷԶ٣ҵĵ֮УֲˣȻڳΪ壬죬ҪʲôѾ޷Լ㣬ɣ
ɱ㣬˷ҶȾͲû˵仰ˡ
ǱһС㡭ӴҾǶߣҪʱʱ̵̿Ķ㣬Ѱ㣬㣬㣬ҲҶȣҲյõޡڰڵΨһң
ħƲɣҶȿ̱һƵģٺһ׼Ķħ
㲻䡭
Ҷ˵ֺɾʱɾʱ̣ʶ⣬ҶҪץסᣬնɱɾ
ڰ׾ȼյ־֮
ʱҶȻѪֿκι޷Уֻһ֣ǾǺڰ׾־
һɱҶȼյе߶Ԫڰ׾ʼᣬȼԪеľһ־֮Ѹ͵ڰ׾ںϡ
ٿ
һ׹ȼ־֮ڴҶΪһɶ೤ɾԺȥ
ڰ֮
ħһ̣Ҳ߶ǿ֮Ҫ֣Ϊ˰ҶȣǰԼһҶ䣬ͻΪ˳

ֻѪ֣ƺһУңɾһ̣鲻ٱѣɭɭĹâ
СӣͰˣ
ɾָ֮ʶ˲γɣץסҶȵȼ־֮˲סħĺڰ֮ǿȴڵɾǰȫƲв
ǲ
ɾֻ΢ȼ־֮ħڰ̼֮ͻΪУһ顣
ɣ
ֻѪһһңɾҶħͬħ֣֮аץ
Ҳ
ħ˺ѷβĵŭ
׼Ԧ񣬶ߡ
Ҷȵ侲Ϊ֪ɾʵǰϣֻмԦıϣǾ󶼲µ񣬶ߡ
ֻһ³
µͷһգֻʵ
ϴˣ
ƶ֮ʱһҶϤ˿̣ͬ䣬˷Ե
ϴ֮
ųħոҶȶʱһƿռ񽣣ɾϿգ˳Ƶ¡
͡
֮õɾδᣬͱ֮һͷ­ԼɾˮŤŤӿš
սϢ֮ǰȫͬϢ
ҶϽ˲ɾѪΣħͬʱ֮ɾԴţ
˾㤵һĻһγ֡
ճɾӦñ졢Եһ˭֪ǻЩѪֿ֣ʼ趯֮ƺҪץȥ
ھڡϴû뵽ɾӵе
ಣ
һӰ˸գֱƿնս׵ĳħƺδֱеɱ
սͷŵϢջƶԻҪĿϾɽ磬һΪɣջƶأֻǴȻѹɽȴûս׿ںɽ硣
Կ϶һ㣬ս׼Խ󲿷ɽӵеľ޴ơ
ƣʱ򡭡
ҶڸоʧߵһΣΪһΣѾ׿һУޣԣ֤ҴҶȷ·̥ǣҶȻѪ֮㿴߾ǰ졭ҲԾɾϧɾţ
ھ
ƿһ߾ǲҾҲɶݣһͷ³´ɾղںϴ۵Ĵʱܵ˵Ķ϶Ҿ֪ϴپ޴ΣգǼʱ
Ҷ˫Ŀһɱڵغȵ취ɱ
ɾˣϾڵʵ֮δһڵǿʵԲ֮䣬ֻսףϵҪɱ²ܣ
û뵽ħҲ޷ҡҡͷۿɾ³Ҳ΢ʱ̣ǣûа취ɱǾľ޴졣
ûо磬һҲһɱˡ

ҶһʱͷʱһϵӰӣնˮһûв
ˣˣ
ʱ٣Ӱ֣ϰ߾¶ЦƺڵȴŶԷ֡
߾֣û¾ͺãǴ۵ķּϷʹӱΪɱķ
ӰΪ߾𣬶ʵ
ô㣿
ԭڷ֮У֮ԪԴɾɫ㷲ؿǰС
·һҪ٣ŵ˵ò˻ơ
ʱ֮սҲ˲ʧصЦĺãͷҪ㣡
㲻ϷϷҲҪ֣·
һߣһӵĻ۵£ղϵ߳ɴһͨŲƿռࡣ
㲻㲻һͬս𣿡
ɾӣŵõ
ź¶ԷҪ֪߾ҲǼɵҪֵĻµˣȻǳ׵׵Ŀ־塣


897 ɾ
Ϸˣ𣿡
ӵĻµ˷һ䳰Уӿһռ֮⣬һλѮߣͷɢ沿ֻóƤƤµ̫ˣЩƶһһ

һλϵˣһ߳ˡ
ùϵϢ
ҶȼҴڣǰλϵ˶֮УΪǿϢϵǬҲȲϣȻǬʵδָԭ򣬶λˣȫһӵڵɾҪǿǧ
ҶУϵؾ̫ˡ֮ŵϢ࣬УϼϢҲ࣡
ϴλһλϸԪˣҲϹͥǿߣΪԲ뵱ɴۣͬȵΪ
ħƺüҶȵ̽һ
ԲϹͥǿߣ
һҶٴӶһϹͥǿߣǿߣԽϼĴڡ
ɴվͬȸ߶ȵľǿߡ
Ʋһ̾ͷӣƢãʵίʵǿ󣬿ϧʵҲδﵽȥ۷壬ɴ۵֮ͨУŵԱޣô꣬һֱڱ֮лָУǱػߣ
ֲá
δָ۷壬˵ĿֲôԲǶô죬ҶڵɾǰͬţëһڣɾվǰҶȶ
ƣ㳬Խǧ
㻹š
ŵɪɪɾǿ㾢ΪʲôΪʲô㻹ţ㱳Ϲͥ㱾ǲ֮ˣʲôʸڲ£
УѾΪǿĴڣ߾ָܻ۷壬ȼ硣
غȳһЦҲǱߣɾֻǴϸԪϸԪϹͥ㻹ûŪ£

ɾƺ֪³ǻѪ֣ڲ
Ѳ٣ϸԪΪ㲻ˣϷʹһ㣡
ʱ䣬ָֻһָͳһ⣡
ǣааس嶫Ц϶Ǳϴںϡ
˵ʲôǾʲô뿪
ڳƣرĿҲֻͣƺˣһɨҶħ
ಣ
Ҷħ˲ʹɾѪ֮УɾѾҲȥٹҶħ

֮ʣĿϣĳոջһȻһݣ㲻
ҶȶʱǰһͣǰΪ£Ϊնɱɾʩչľ֮Ѿǰֻġħ̫ƻû
Ϸһ㻹ǹ常һأľġһľİ
һɲǣʮֵرݣ·죬ϵܲһ㣬Ҳ˽죬Ҷȵһûһ˿Ļɡ
ɻҡ
ٴΰĿħϣŵħҲҶһ¡
ħϴ󣬹ֲøղ֮ʱҴϣоһͬԪϢȻħ
ħҶߣַشħʵħļ䣬ΣȻ뿪ܶ壡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶҡҡͷ
߾֣һ֤ͬɣ
һ䣬ʹ֮Уһϵĵ磬˲߾طɹһָһ⣬̺ϢԶҶᲢ۵ġ
ಡ
֮£߾°ءϰʼϣ˿ڶ棬һаϢ˲÷顣
֣ˣ
߾վ˫ȣ˿ڴѪ⣬ڲϵںϣֻǼ
С˼ԼˣͲҪС
⣬ЦӵϢ֮Уָһ⣬ͬɾɣкܶ˵ı
ಣ
˵ֻ꣬һɾھͷɳһöǿĴ䣬ϧɾ˿ûС
ȥʧδǰֵܣܿδûУʲôûС
ȡ˽ָָһǵ棬ɾ˫ֹͫͣһ̣ವһüģͶ
߾졢Ҷ֣ɱɾȴڶһͨĻ湥һжѣ͵
ԴһᣬԪ̺ͨͨĻ棬˲ɱ
һڵľͷõ˵ĳͷ
꣡
ɾδˣɴۣȥ¶ʧѾͨתĳʱС
ûҲ˾޷׽
һڵ

ҶȺųһҶȾͰɾʬ壬֮УһľΪؼģڵģӵҶҪǰ
úõĻκ
߾ҡҡͷüͷһ壬ƺ޸дװڰնɱ
ת߾֣ȥңúûָУҪ̵ʱ䣬ָʵΪ۱ѩޣ
ãٻָû뵽ɾôʱ䣬ϣָ꣬۷壬ʱټ˵ĺˣйȥֵܣ
ߣ
ಡ
ʱٸ£ҲӳҶȣͷӣֱӴնȥ
Щ۵ʬ壬ɶǺñͳͳˣ
Ҷ߳Ͽգ·֮ս⻹𣬳ཨ棬඼ģϧʬ壬Ϊֻмʮ߳ʬõġ
򣡡
ɢһͰһʬ壬֮Уһʾ޴ĲƸҪ󣬵ȻˣһöûУҶȣһҶȶỻЩʬ塣
Щʬ壬ҶȿУȡǵеΪߵˣΪ
ʵȻȱ
ֻϧаʣڵǿߣһһɾʩչջƶ֮Уϧڵʬ塣
ʱħŴ󲽷ʮֵ˵ϴ̫ãҽɴ۵ĵˣöپö٣
ҶȵȻٺ٣ҿɲȻһЩʯûõƷƷʯģЩ˵ģҵȻǣ
ãȥʶʶɴ۵ı⣬ˣСô죡
ȻħĿһԣǺڰʮֹħϡ
ҶһƳħһΣħĿǰ޷ĨɱģֻЦҪȥģһڸ
鷳˰ﲻ㣬ϴ߰ɣ
ħһ֣һͨͳˣҶ˵Ц뿪ˣʧڱա
ߣɣĺڰڰһ棬Լû֡һȱ㣬ն㣡Ҳߣ
ڰħľЦڳ鶯ƺȫ壬ħһڡ


898 ɴ۵ı
ؽĵ׶ˣӵתʣд½ƬҲʯͨͨôҲɴ۱֮ء
ӡǣ
ӰϷ½ʲ㣬ʯҶħ𣬳·գʯʣͷһģӡǻΪ⣬
֮еӡǣһŵĴӰɴµķӡ
֮䣬Ҳ޷ǿƿɴ۱أɸͨɣǿƽ⣬ֻʯ٣ñ⳹ʧ
Ψһ򿪷ӡǡ
ӡ֮طͨϣֻҪúؽ磬˭ץסοһ˭֪ӡǣͬһϣ
˸òɱء
Ҷһ·նøֶΣڳԽ𳬼ۣΪӪճΪɴ۱ӵߡ

ӡ֮еľӰׯϱضʵգһǰͳһתйϿռ

ƴҶץסӡǣ̷ռ֮С
ٿ
ƺһϢͻȻҶȵǰ
˼ǣҶȾ۾񿴹ȥһϡյľ޴ʹĹķ
Żƽ̨ƽ̨ϣذڷƷ洦ɼҸƷƷʯֱʯװ䣬̳һСɽСɽһƬһƬ
ȻҶȼδδŵɵҲһ֮У̫࣬޷ȥݣڹķıضѷţԿڱڣɴԵúܴæ
ɽ֮Ȼɾĳõ
ж٣ſԿ
ڹǰһƬյԽ硣
Խ֮УƯƷÿһ֮࣬һ붼Щʣģһ֣֮࣬Ȼ飬ҲҪǿĶ࣬ںһ
󲿷ַƻ˿ںϣһںϣҲҪǿ󣬹ؼԿʼԡ
Ȼ
ҶĿ⣬һǧÿһǿҡ΢ȵϢ֮УҲ֣֮ЩԾͱȽϰҲںϣȻҲȰʮƷҪ
һԶǿңʮ֮һջƶƲ࣬õ
ʣµһ޷ŪǾǧʯ
ʯҶȼ̫࣬ڵ̳ʯǶɣ֮ԭǶ۾֮󣬾ͷһʯһʯʯ
ֵҪ̫ࡣ
ǣҶƫƫֺö֮ԭ˹ɾΪģţǿߣ׳
˵ıʯǰеҪ棬Щֻɴɽ粻ͬʱռģʯȴԼıɣӵɾӵһĴУ
ɾһﵽڡ󾳽磬ʹñʯʱǱ޷ȥ㡣
ɴռЩҶĿǰΪҲ޷ǵıʣбкܶ档
ôֲõܳΪɽ糬칬濹⣬ǵ̰
ɴʵǷǳĿֲ㿴Խ磬޷ģɴ۾ȻֶΣףؼսףƳΪ
һʵıأҶȿöĶˣֲɾô궼򱦿⡣
ˣĶ
ħֺǺǵĵٺ٣Щﶼûս׺ãɴ۾ǿսɽ籾Դݺأ϶Ҳӵĸ֣֣սɽ磬õ
Щſɴ۵ǿ󣡣ˣϹͥˣôɴһôϣҪƺɴһˣ
˿ʼ棬һعۿֱҶӲû򱦿ʧȥ侲ܶɻ֮ա
ҲֻǼ򵥸˵һ㣬Ϲͥһλ֣Ȼеġ֮ͥȴҲ롮֮ͥһǿĴڣ˵ϹͥϸԪҴ棬ԪʩչͨܳɹģԭҪںɽ磬µǺϹͥҰļڲѣϹǿȥڳͷ֮ϼ𣬶п뿪ϹͥĹ֮һ
ħ˫֣Ҷһߣһ˵˵̫ȴԴŲµϹͥ϶̹˱ѣһһʼ׷ɱҲʱűɴȣӴϵһ𣡡
Ƕǿֶβɴ۲ȥϹͥɽоɱȻʵ칬Ϊɽͷͥ
һҶ΢΢شصϹͥϵɽ֪ڶٹˣʲôǿ֮ͥ
ͥϸԪһɽơ
֮ͥȻһɽˣɽˣǿ϶ǿ쳣ɴۡ˹־
ϼһ͸¶ϹͥҪԪؽϹͿʼ£ɽĲͬš塢۹ȵȣ֪ɽϹͥйϸϹͥҲҪԸ칬ȡ칬ɽ磡
ɽ磿ʵ
ϴҶΪĿģɽҲֻе㼣ȻˣҲվҵͷ칬һֱѹˣܣϹͥҪһͳɽ磬ҲԸ⣬Ժ󲻵ҪԸ칬ҲҪСϹͥ칬ǲǣϹͥǻ
ݲ
ħֵϴô౦ʱǿԽһˣɴû£ǿϴ㾡þǣȻ۵Ĵ֮أղָ֮˵
˵۵ĴУƣŻʱ䣬ܳںϣõУҶȺȻͣסʵ
üͷһ壺£Ҳ˵Ͼڵôںϵģɴ۵ĵҪ̺ɴ۶Ҿܽ󣬺ٺ٣
ꣿ
ҶҡҡͷΪεĵһǧʱ䣬һҪȥֶ콻飬ȥɣֶҲ޷㣬ϣεõôԴҪԴú÷䣬ھɽ罨ʥպҪôʱںϴ۴УҲԳʱܶ飬Ϊֶĺĵӣֶ콨ʥȻҪȥѰҴǧͼЩ֮Ҳǲȥڣնʱ򣬽󣬿ҾͲпʱ䣬վԽߡĵ˾ԽǿҲҪһɽͷԵ֮У
ϴɲҪǣǻҪȥħڣѰӣҪ޷ã󣬾ͻܴϰħͻץס㣬ʱʱ̹̿㣬ֹ󣡡
ƺȻһид˵
ˣħһ仰Ҷһ󷢺ĲҶ׹ħĽ죬Ҷ˵£ħ鷳Ҳһ


899 
֮ħ£ֻпԼȥ𣡡
ħħ֮󣬾֪Ҷȴ뵽ǰñǬ˴ɱӦҶУֲºڰһ棬űħ֣ȻԭӦúܶܶࡣ
磡
ҶһŶԸħѰ֮ʱСǧͬѰȻҶڴ
һСǧΪ⣬ҶڷɳһģĿҶȣ磬ƺұϢ
ɣ
Ҷһզһ£ǧͼһõıһҶһõڵǿߣҲץסκγӮȴܵùκǿߡ
ԣСǧ仰Ҷ͵ؿһ¡
Բŵ˵ζõǧͼ
ܰɣ
ħչ֣סСǧͺͺԿǣĿһݣҴͷ˵ܶصıȴûдǧͼ֪ͨϴˣ
ԳưԵвСǧƺ˵ϴϴ㶼СܣôţҲǺ۸ġ
ȻСǧô룬Ҳ˵ħǴħͷСǧͷһ࣬һߣ˵оУҿû˵ҵıǴұϢⱦ֮У
ϢٸӦһ£ҶһǴ¡
Сǧ򱦿⣬³һĿռݣ뱦֮УԸܵһݣһĿռ䡣
ݣű⣬ƺûκ쳣
Сǧ㣬龻֣
ҶСǧһԣСǧ̶ȣռ˿ɱȣҪ֮ᷨģȻȲҶȣοҶɵۡ
ٿ
һʥĵĻ龻֣СǧϿգĪںСǧ֮С
ҪϴõǧͼҲǬˣɽ磬Ҳ޷ڴռϣǧͼȣ
ħվһԣѣĿٿٿض˷ڴо޴֣Ҳ֤ǧͼǺεȴڡ
ˣɽһ˵һص
ˡ
ৡ
ԼʱҶСǧӦ£ڣһݣӹϽǣһ֮УȻɳһӡ
һŴѪƵĹӣһѵѷ죬ֻѴС֮УȻһͬȴֻһ˿˿ͬϢǺǿҡ
ӣħЦǺǵͷˣû뵽дջ񣬹Ȼ˵Ī⣡
ɣ
龻ֻʧϢнҶڣҶ̯֣һɿȲ񷷨Ϣ˲ռı䣬ǹƵӣ˲Ҷġ
磬Ϣ΢ӵӵߣӴҵı𣬻һĽӴӦ
СǧǰһƳӣ黺ͷͬϢ
𣿡
ҶȸոӣСǧЩϢʱ̫һںʱҶɫһ⡭ӣȻӵйһϢı
𣿡
Ƽæǰһķɲ򵥣ħƺ֪壺ϴӴ壿ǿںܾõʱڵɽ硢綼ͬڹһ޴ϵ壬ѾʧԪ
Ҹɽ磬ңʶٻһΣȥһżѰұһλʿйĵطŵǲ٣棬λʿµ壬֮УūƵūѹ֮ȻһöָƿţöָλʿķȻϢڿ֪öָӦһϵ̫ϣӦһҲ٣
ϴӣһɽ绹
ħϸϸӣĹϣƶ޷Ҷһʮֺ棬ڵҶȵж١
УȻÿ˶ԼĹ켣
ҶӣĿһԣǧͼˣ֮󣬾һֱϢһ䵽ʮǿУСǧҲ޷ظӦǻ˶δȥ򣬳ƣʶ㿴ս֮󣬲µĺۼ˵֪۴õӣ
ã͹ͨͷԪ񣡡
ӹغŴǧͼħҲת˫ֲͫʶͨʼͷš
磬Сǧһֱھɽ磬Ȿڣϧڵĵطʱ̫ϢҲȶһʱʱ̱̿ѹ޷ͷϢһ˿˿ϢͷţҲܸܵ
ʱСǧµСû˸ղǸģͰ͵˵
ܵõǧͼˣǱضǳ֮еҴ˻˶δȥʱգǿ϶ǸΪصľͷⲻ£
ģҶ̿Сǧ
ҪСǧΪʱƺʶ޷ɹΪʧܣСǧҲ飬벻ͬʱգĵطʬȵȣҲ֪ҪлᣬһҪҵ˵ʬ壬ԲľͷʵɴۻҪǿʬǲḯõģߣʸӲ׻Ϊ
Ȼ㣬Ҳ˵ĴߣȻҪҵʬ壬ӵڡھ磬Դ߶龻֣ӦʱգһʱܸӦ
Сǧã
ҪҵıҲҪҵˣϢҲҪΪһͬ磬ҪĵͼһĴ󹤳̣Сǧڵһ
Ҷ§СǧȻԷ飬ȴҲУ֪ҶȲϵذοţСǧҲ𽥻ָɰЦݡ
ϴ󣬶ͷӣ֪£
ԼСʱҶռ˲ƷʯһЩԼһЩϵı󣬳ƾϲسֶ
𣿡
ѱװ޽䣬ҶȾóǿѪӡ
Ϊ飬ȷһλʿУ
ħ̾𲻿˼飺ԭɴۣոڳʱ׷ѰҲ߾󻤷ʹõһԶʱգû֣ɴ۶ȥѰңԼɴۻˣʱ۲ҵҲȻˣ
Ŷ
Ե𺳣Ҷúëһڲɴ۵ǿ󣬿˵ѽӽ󣬳˶ɹٵۡ໨Ŵ־ǿߣɴۿ˵Ǻ޵֡
ֲֿڣȻˣ
ħʱüͷ𣺡Ϊˣ붫ͷ˵۵õ֮ڹ;֮Уλ籩󱬷Ǹı䷽򣬽ؽһصʱգ۴һһֻСèأСУ飬Ǵ۴СһץģֻУ۾ߣ
һֻСèһӣУôˣ
Ҷһ絽ж󣬱Ϊɴۡˡ˹Ǭڵĸ߶ȣĸ߶ȣڿԶԶֹıִСĲϣô⺢ӣܾˣ
۵ķ࣬屾һϵ壬ʱնԼֲʵܿģ
ħһҲоð麹ɴô͵ĴڣҲһоʹˣǺǿĴڡ


900 ɽ
ǰ
ҶһƬңȻСǧǿͰ͵ģҡҡͷܺǿҲҪȥðһԣ
ϴ󣬵ȸɣʱϴҲжԿԲʵٿԶԿͨڣ
һ⣬ذҶǰһ޷Խĺ蹵Ҷȣħһװ취
Ҷ仰ֿ̺ЦЦ꣬ҪҪʱ뾲ģںɴ۵ĴУҲϣܳ׿ˣԺо޴ãһһ߾˼һһ޷οӦûкܶĺˣǿߣ
ϴһȥΪ
Ҷ£㵣ʲôͷ֮硢ؽ磬ҵĵԽԽ̣ҲԽԽҪĥƣ㲻õģһȥ̽̽·ԵõȻҪȡʵڲУ취ҲԽ
ðɣ
ͬˣҶȶ˵ϣҲҶȣؼħ֣вҶҪĥᡣ
ħֻԼ򣬲Ĩɱɾ
ˣҲһЩԺʱ䣬һε֮ǰһʣ²࣬ؼҪ²ӣŷһȥĵȡı
ʱҶһ֣СǧͲˣҶҲ¶һЦݣ׼Ҫ뿪ؽ硣
ϴо䣬˵ʵһٸɱ⣬Ҳ޷ȣϴٻȥɣ
ħҲûҶȣȻ˵
ãͷаɣԺǿٻǿߣǣҪְǬնɱˣˣ
Ҷ˵꣬һ˦䣬㻯ΪǷ򱦿ڣǰһͨ
ҲɴµĴС
Ҷʧͨ󣬳ħһʧˣȻתϷһȹϵĴȥ
ɴµıأ
ؽ磡
Ҷȴӵײʲзɳʱ˿̣ԸӦ߾ǿϢϰߵϢȻصúܣҶҲԸܵ
ಣ
ؽȻָ˶µ׳۾
ܿ죬ؽңԶʱգһɽ֮ϵա
ħԳˣ
ҲǼҶȾɵΪʩչٶȣؽƬ½Ƕɽ绹кңԶľ롣
ҶȾʱͣҷ
һӰ߳òħħҶȵûжٶݣǿҶȾ͸оһݹϵıݣһţԾʵڿϧ
־£ѡסɾҶȿܾޡ
̫дģ𣿡ħЦˣȻЦʮϣмֳƵǡ
ħһҶȲʲôΣգħΪ£ħΥʶ޷ıģֻҶȿȥ
Ҷȸ˫֣ȻУǸ壬и飬ħ飬ͿĨɱ㣬Ըѡӵи飬˲ǿܣӲǶ
෴ħ֮󣬲Խλ࣬һЦҪ⣬濴Уֺαվǰʧ濴ÿûҵĳ֣ǲ÷ϻˣ㻹ôҪ죬߰ɣ
Сǧȥɽ磡
˲䣬Ҷȿʼ߶СǧҪȥĵطҲɽʥ̻ᣬʮɽ磬ȻҶȿħ㣬طаɣҲò˼ʮ꣡
ߣħŭˣҶȾȻôңԶĵط

Сǧɡں˿ռ䣬ҶȵɵƿɲǼ䣬ҶȴЦݣشԽնȥ
ĺڰ޷룬ʲôɱңɶ񣡣
ħһƫƫǸ壬壬ֻܵԦɲưڸݣʩչ֮٣׷ȥ
ҪϴǧͼٶȣЦ
ҲƬ֮䣬ҶȺȻңԶɽ磬һ߿գͣѾɽ磬һ٣ࣺ֮еˣɽ硭
һЩ֮֮УȻɽ硢Լ½粻ϵӡ
ಣ
٣ҶȾͻΪ޲ˣ
ֶ죡
Ŷ
һɫ续ĵȸ뼸ʮλŮӣ۵Ʒ𣬺ȻһϢüͷһ壬ֻһץܿʹ֮Уץסһ١
ʧǧ꣬ϢˡøʦܣԼڽƿص䳾ɽ£
ȸĬĬطŮӣδ쳣
ʱֶʥֽ磡
ֵֻ״ӣſеĵ硣
һصĵʱգವһ߳һλŮӣһɹ֮߳Ǻα顣
ֶ֮һҲ͵һλξ
޷ͻһ㣬һ޷ڵżҪͣ򣡡
ৣ
ξＸ䣬ȻǰĮɱһץһṦһپʹԶշ֮дȻ٣Ҷȵ𣺡ʦ㣬ʦܱչؽ׼ʱعţʦʦʦ㰲ãʦҶȾϣ
øҶȡ
һɹ⣬װѷϢûΪ촷ۣ֮УʧôãϢ޷ӦӹҵĸӦȷֶԽԽãҾȥ㣬⼸ǧ꣬ж仯ʱǰºڣǧնɱɱʮˣڹȥǧ꣡
ಣ
ξһһӡɢãʼûȥһ޵Ľ߳
ʦ㣬֮ħа۵ҪУҪԴһЩ½ӲһΣʦΪʦųӣһΣʦҲһ
ξ֮ʱһգ·һӵĵһϢ˹ֳһӰ
ξӰǧ֮˵ҵӣһʦܣѵ˽⣿
ҿʦ㲻ǲҪæʦϴνĴ㸺ǸҶȵ½״ӣһֱûʲôϢǧԿɱʮˣҪɱʮ˽¡Ǻǣʦ㻹ȥæ°ɣ
һЦӿķʧȥԼʧϢ֮УһЩӵӰ
һӵ˵Ÿֵӡ
㲻һֱôȥģ˳Խ㣬ѹķͷξĮȻطˡ
Զһɽ硣
֣ĪǡȥѰҵĶҵˣ
֮УһۣȻ֮磬һӢˣʱһϢͿϢٶȣһ֮ˣ̹ͫ࣬һ³ۡ
ƺо޴ת䣬ȭСܲţϴγȥҵ˵ںϵĴ۴Уոںһ֣Ҫͻɵۣ
ϲϲ
Ӵ粻Ҳǿͻɵ𣿺ǺǣǸϿȥɽ磬ҶְɣҶֱ仯Ӿˣ
ã
һ£˾ʹȥ
ȥɽӴ󲿷ʥĳԱ
ھɽһɽ֮ɽУɾʮɵۣӾɽɽ硣
ҲյҶȷ٣½ȥ


901 ɵ۶
ɽ磡
羭ꡭ
һۻһƬ嫳ǳϿգҶһۣɽϷһɳɵɽ磬ԶһɳҪΰھɽ磬ɽɳأǶ쳣޴ġ
ϴվȸڵ򣬶Ȼȸһħｻס
ʱҶȣһһ۶Ӧ׽⣬ɫ
񣬼ǧŶȥҶһɵۣվе۷壬ͨݺɵ۾޵֣һ㳬Ҳ޷κڲ˼Ҷȡ
һһȻߣȴˡ
֡֡ҪҪʮʱ䣬ʱҿԺúûָһ¡һ𳬼
ҶȲûнɽ磬Ǿڸһʩչ󣬿ʼ֮ץһڳʬ塣
ǳۣڣڷ޷󣬶ҷϢǿңɵ֮ϣ
ͷ̫һʬ壬Ӵ˲ͱǿ𵯻ƺ޷
ڳۣһڣֻʱѡԳһһڳʬ壬ͰԼסˣŵĳ۽֡
񷷨򣡡
Ҫһ𳬼۷ǿҶȺԥʩչ񷷨򣬶ʱ޴򣬿ʼճڷһ󷨷𶯣ô۵ʬ壬Ҳϵ˶
ʱħ֣ɾƿʱҵĹϢĺڰϢ໥ںϡ
Ȼ֮䣬ڻⳬʱ䣬ԺһƬƬĻ䣬ɾѪֿƣҶħʩչķ򣬳ֳڰںϷ򣬲ͿԴɾƿӳ
һ֮ĸо
ѵҾͲ԰Ѻڰ׵ͨ񷷨ںϣ
ζʱоҶȾͽһҡʵ״̬
Ҷر˫ۣ񷷨Ѿճ۵ķҶֳһڰףһϢ
һͲףҶȸı̬Ϊ׵磬ʱͲ˵ơ
һַںһȻֻһ棬ȴò񷷨ı䲻٣
䣡
ҶȵͫĿ֮Уȼһ׹⣬Щ׹⣬һ׹ⲻϵطγС
һ̣Ҷȵ壬ȻһѪƤΪѪ죬һεѪ͸ǿƽϢѪ֮ͷų
Χһɹ޷ƵƽϢͨҶÿһ䣬ӽ𵤡ѪǶһҶȷֽ棬һۣܿʹһγɵڶۡ
ɵ۾ͻƣȻΪΣҪﵽȻͨһδεؽɵ۶ף˴ֿɵã
ҶЦԭͻȻѪըͻģںʱҪǡҶȴɵһףɵ۶ס
ԭҶȽɵ֮ʵﵽɵһ۷壬ؽ磬ĴȻ档
϶Է˿˿򣬽ɵ۶ף˵΢ԽҪܶ෽棬ԽԽѣղܴɵһ򳬼ۡ
˿ͻɵ۶ףҶȵѪѪ⡢ҵرըȻʼ飬Ҳܲʹ̫࣬Σʧȥо飬ҶȾ͸ܵɵһǿϢӡ
ӴͳںΪڰ׷򣬽Ժڰ׷Ϊϵصķ÷γһĹ򣡡
ٴθܲ𵤣ȻޱߣںΪڰ֮УԻΪס׵磬Ȼס׵֮г򣬴Ӵ˲񷷨Ͷ˹ԣһǿֲĹ
ֹͻγԴԴϵĹ
ǿһͱɵһɵҪһϧ޷Կڳۣ
ֹͣ仯֮ʱҶϸϸڳϢȽϣֻ溳
ڰ׷򣬽㣡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷµķ̬
ڰ׷Ϊ׵磬ꡭ߳߳ϵع㣬ÿһιﵽơ
䣡
㣬ʼϵزһ𶯣һһ㣬ںɫ׹£ƿһķ϶Ȼ˲仯ΪӰ
û뵽ͻɵ۶ףʵߣҲ޷˲ƻڳ۵ķ㣬ֻɵһƻٶϣѣ棬ֻøӵӦ֡
һһΣҶҲ֪Ѷ죡
䣡
ڣһ޴ķ㣬ںڰ׵һҹͻȻٵĴףһءڶڳһͻʳ˺÷顣
˲䣬һûзĳ¶¶һѴͣƯҶȵǰ
һ𳬼۵ʬ壬ͷۡ
겻ѣʵɵڳǰͬһֻɵʮ״ԲǰҲһֻϡ
̫ˣ
ء
Ҫ𳬼۲ʬʱϵޣڴӳ˯ѹʮֵͳضսһ
Ϣ
Ҷȸоÿһζһ壬ϸӦƺͷʲôüͷͻȻһЦ
ɣȻпˣҪúӭ
ѳʬҶȼţֻ˿̷ھ֮еҶȣֻһ壬Ͼ󣬼ҶȸĪɱͨβóɾִڡ
ٿ
֮ңԶգվ߳һӰӣֺܿʧϢĶҶڵľ
ȻøξǰҲְϷԸһΣҳ˴ڻֶΡ
֮еҶȣʩչԪѾʩչСǧܾغϢͼһϤŮӰüͷһչһֵģΪˣξ
ξҶȾôŮĪ⣬ƺͷΪܲ򵥣ŮֶΪֶյͽܣµ͵ûѩôóͷһĿ֮
Ҷȡ޷Ӧ㣬⼸ǧ꣬ʧӰ٣һĳɳҲţôʱ䣬ɵۣ
ξ˿̼ҶȲûзҶȣҶȴעһ

ξͻȻԽһƬգ䲻һƳ֮еҶȣݺݵն£ٶﵽɵ۸߽ס
ಣ
ʱҶȴȻΪӰʧˡ
ʦ㣡
һʥǹգ̶ֱ
ξתʥǹѾ޷ܣ

ǹҪһ߷Χʱξͫͷһʰ⣬ȻΪʵʵʯ˲סʥǹ
ٿ
ڴʱһ޼սһ
ʦܣʦȻС㣬Ȼɵۣãʦ޵š
һ̣ξΧһʵʵʯ޼սն棬ȻԼһϣξ˿ҲûС
ǿ󣬾Եǿ
ʦ㡭صԭʦһ𳬼ۣʦߣʦǶ֣
޼սҶҲӺʮ־㵵ξ
ΪξʵѾƳˡ


902 ֶʵ
ۣξȻһ𳬼ۣǲɽ¶ˮѲͻŮˡ
ۡ
ξΧǲʷʧΪ峿ǸɾıΪĴҶȣŶ̶̶ãڵɵ۷ǿߣ棬ǧȥȻܿҵΪ
ʱ̣ʦܾȴʦ㣬ͻȻáǰװ׵ʦô򵥰ɣ
ξΪǣʵҶȻ޷ղɵʵֳϢûʩչʵ
ξҶȻоһвʦǧ꣬ΪǧԼʦģʦܲŽĴ£
ҲöѴ࣬ҲҪʦһģɱʮ˵ʵﵽɵʮףȲаӡҩɾһִɱ֮ʤҲҪ⣬ʵ޷ʮְʤ
ξ䲻ȵ˵
ߣʵҪչֳǰƵʩչ۵ĵ̡ҶмЦղξйֻ֣Ѱɵ۰״̬ûʩչԼʵ
ҪʩչξʮУȱСǧ뿪
ԣֻҪξŮ⻷¶Ҷȳ֣ҶѾĸıơ
ξҶȲɫʮҶ⸱Ը䵭˵㣬ĿģһղѾˣҺ⣬ΣҪ㣬ɱʮ¹ȥʦҪʽţʽ㷢֮Ϊ˳״ӣӴˣͺܶˣҪΪȥɸ񣬽鷳½磬
ʽ״ӣɱʮˣҳΪ״ӵĹؼҶ㶣ûжϲɫ
룬ξһ
ɽɣ½ڣΪȡõӣ̸½УΪӣֻҪ֮ͻŵȥС
ھɽһ
½УŵӴ磬ɳΪһ׳ɽ磬ҪʼΪɸ࣬Ϊھɽ緢չףɽÿɣʱʱ̷̿չĵط
Ļ²ʱ䣬Ҫֶ죬Ҳãڳͷ֮ЩǿߣгƶҪܳʱָڵңȫǳ۶֣ÿʱ䣬ֶɳֻҪͻƳۣڣҲɵҪǣ취õǧͼ𣡡
δµʱ䣬ҶȱҪϸ°ţһ޴ĿյҶҪյɳΪۣߵˣǿʥ̻ᣬԼһš
ǡãյǸÿһɱʱ
һ촴ûᣡ
ξ֮еͫɱʮ֮¹󣬾͵ɽÿһε½Žÿ½ֳûᣬȻҲǸ̵̨֤žҪ飬ֵӡ״ȥִУЩ֮Уŵ޽֮صȵȵΪֵӡ״ӣҪʼΪɷչŬ統ң½ȥһģңԼ״ӣҪִҲһΪףҲԶԼ޽֮أǺεȵ磬Щɲһܵõģ
޽֮أ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȸоֶ죬ԼۣõĻȻֶ֮УȻ޽֮ء񣬿϶ɽѵҶҪȥĥԼۡ
һУ򣬶ɹһɵ۽ݣգۣʱҶȾͿһݣ·ߣǺεȵĳ
һ룬ҶȾͻѪڡ
ﵽۣӵоͨЩߣҶȶݣҲĵҶȣֻǿߣΪֻǿߣɴһˣ칬
ʵǣͥĽҲܶ࣡
뵽ҶȾ֪ξڵ̬̱ȭʩ񣺡ʦܽһΪΪһҪ£кҪʦܾһƴǻԹԣ
ܺãΪŵӣͨӣ״ӣҪҳϣúøɣھͽɵۣҪɵ۽ۣ̫ˣҲɽжٱסɵۣһһȥǳΪū
ξ¶һЦݣ֪ΪͻƣΪû֣û򣡡
Ҷξǻлֱ䣺Ŷ
ܳΪɵߣĸһţ㿴֮µɽ磬жٵʿ̤ɽ磬֮һЩɵۣɽ磬֮޷ǳΪۣΪûԴ
Դʲô֪аҩɾ˶ɵʮ״ԲΪʵڽ֣Ϊ޷ۣûԴԴǿԽҪԴ塢۹ţӵдССԴҲܵٵڳۣܳһڵĳۣ֮٣ڡʥɽЩһţҲһҪ޴ԴҪˣɵ۽ۣ̫ã
Ϊ״ӣʦ˿㣬ҵǿ԰ֶ첿̸ֵ㣬ǺεΪ
˵һͨԵξʶǷһ仰ͣͣƬ̣Ȼʮ԰ؿҶʵ
ܺã³˽ֶûᣡ
ҶЦ˻ξ񻹵Ǻ޼ʶ½սĵӣ֪ҶȾ˳ͷ֮硢ؽ磬Щط˵ξ񣬾ֶҲδҶѾǸƿصߡ
ҶǫĵʦΪֻ̫ܸͣӦ۵Ϣɵ۲ͬʦҲڵĳۣ
ξʱ˵ѾԲΪҪ̤ڣţвֵӡ״ӣΪﵽڣȻǵһλ״ӣΪҲߵģѩԼУֻһ㣬ѾߵļޣϣԲֶ٣Ϊẉ̂ڵĳ۸֣ߣһ㶼÷һŵ̵ֶΣһӶΪֵӡ״Ӷɵ۸߽ף
һ̣ϣҫ
û뵽ʦͨΪֵӡ״ӣг۵ʵ
Ҷһ̾ⲻξߡ
øֶ졭Ȼ֮в࣬ɽ糬һɣҲֻڡڵĳۣڣûС
ֵ״ӶڵĴڣôֶ۱Ϊ
ֶԭʵľ棬ȻξһóҶоֶ첻򵥣ֶ۸Ӳ򵥣һŮӣܳһɣôŮӻһŮ
ˣҸоļѣҲȸࡢϢڿҲ䳾ɽҪʲô֮Žһ㣬û뵽ʮߵôɽĽľӣʵĪ⣬ܽύҲҲˣ
ಣ
ξͻȻȥĸͻȻ
øļƵŮˡԲʵʵͰĵӣ̸ֶҡҲãֶȻн۵Դ⣬ֶ죬֤ҵĳɳɣ
ǰ·ȻҶɵĿɽ磬Ĭһ󣬾ɽȥ


903 ɽ
Ľֵ֮ϣҶȸոջΪһ̣أ֮УѡһƵ꣬ѡʮ󷿼䡣
һ䷿䣬һɰ˵ķ䣬СܿݣҶȸһЩʯСֺǺǵȥˡ
ԽվĸߣԽҪɽһôסҪľӽ
Ҷվڴ̨ǰޱʣڱصһɳأʮڴʥδ
칬Ϊɽǿ󣬲һɵģ̫ʼ־ͷϼ룬ӵдĸ֣ɽ粻ɴΪβ࣬ҲΪж󻤷ʮ·
ҶףҪɽΪҲǿĸһɾԶԶ
ؽգվø߿ԶҶϣѾһʣֵǡ
ء
Ȼͷޣ˷ܵؽ˽С
纣
Ҷȼתգȥգһɫ͹ԳγһƬصĹ⻷һ¡ɫ˿纺
ֲôˣԭǸܵ纺Ϣ
纺ûժ˿ͫ˸˵Ĺ󣬻к£Ҷǰߵ˵˼һֱھ֮УЩ꣬ڲܣһ񣬾ھ֮жȹˣ
ʲôǸģԭǴȻֶģ
ҶȵǴ󷽵˵о纺Ϣø䣬ǲһϵգԣͲ˻Ҫһظ򣺡ˣʲôܣ֮ԭҾһֱû£
纺ҡҡͷҶǰ£˵ôֻܿ٣ٵģЩ겻ϵоȷʵǺһرģȻδ֪Ҫϣƽģ
Ȼɵۣƽģ׽⣬䶼δںϣֻͻƳۣûпȫƽ⡭˵ʥΣ
ѾȫѣѪһˣһҪȫɱΪѪҪһأǶӵɵ۸߽ΪʵۣͨǳɳҪ
Ұ佻㣡
纺̯ģҶȼϤľ䣬شһǹ⣬ΪһŽ⣬ԶطҶڡ
Ȼʥ飬ɣ
˲ʹ߶䷨ӡһ⣬Ҷȵͷųʥ뷽ȷɳľˣһһɳ޴壬ʼСڱȳ˸߳ͷĸ߶Ⱦͣէȥ볣˲ࡣ
ҶһɨͷֶʮˣڹȻԼѪԽѪҺŨȣǽ֮УķӡǾһĴУѪȻȻش
壬ҶȵУؼâ
ʥͷϥ£¡ɭȻʩ񣺡ˣ
Ҷʵ⣬УǿսãӴԺǿԿʼУȥɽ·ҲеѡУ
Ҷ֣
˿̣⴫һ󼱴ٽŲ
ܺãʡֶ֡ˡ
ҶΪ˷ܣһ֣һɾ磬ͰѷžҶȺȻһŶϢȻһɳ۵ϢڲŽɵ۲ãȴӵг۵ϢĪǣ
䵱ڶɽʱ͸ϣӵһһǵõеˡ
ĴУһ𳬼ۣ
Ȼһ
Ҷ֣
ŷһȼ룬Ҷȣʱһӿֱһӵǧ겻ӵţԽͬɵϢ棬ΪҶȹϵɴɽɽ磬⼸ǧУΪҲӽɵۡ
ÿ˶кܴ仯Ļ࣬ҲǧѰ˵ֻһٷ򣬵Ҷȡˣǿ겻һ𣬸ֹػﲻ
඼Ҷȵı仯纺һ˴죬ҶȺȻˬʴЦʲô仯֣һǵõ޴ںһɹϵӦǳµϢԺʱκζҪ̤볬ۣ
˶֪Ҷȿ϶в˼ı仯༴ǫ鿴Ҷȣ¶һ̾ϢʵҸմӷ̤ɽ磬һɽõһһµıԪһֱѰǰĵȻھɽ磬θպûǧ꣬һʧɽ֮УõĴУһλȻ֮ǰר֮һڼԪ֮ڳۣϧܶݣ׷֮ʱΪ߻ħˣһľϵұõĴУľϵ֮
Ȼ֮ľϵ򣿡
Ȼ֮Ҷ͵ؿһ£Ȼ֮ߣǶʿ޵ˡǬ
ྐྵȻõһڴ۴еȻ֮ɾͣһԽڣؼľϵ
ضҲ˵޳õʮ٣֮ΰ漣ҵϢˣմ֮Ϣ󲿷ӵľϵеʿ˵˿˿Ӧ
֮ľϵʵҶҲõ֮ϧʮ޷Уֻȥȡ
̾˳õУ˹ǰѣʱҲ޷˳õһЩС£
ˣǰˣǶɵǿߣвͬЩʥ̻޴ǹǰ컨аĸɵ˸ѱѹΪʥ̻ԸΪ
ᵽɾҲɰҶȲʱ䷢飬ϸϸ֪Ҷȡ
֮ԭʼҶȾ֪ɾڽ֮ǰ֣ȻߵˣҲõİҶȵͷ½磬ʥ̻Ǹҵļˣȫɽ磬˳㡭ҪϽ
ˣ
ס
ҶҲýͣϸһͿ棺ʣʥɣԴҪǣ
õģڶϻ£λйͨЩ½֮УҲ֪չΣϽһۣ
ɳǣҶȵõʥ޴ھɱҲй棬ǲãҶУҲԼˣξһ˵ͳͳ
ʱʱͻȻ뵽ʲôҶ˵ǰòŴҵǴҪȥڲڣɹǰӴǣ£Ҳ
ҶȺȻ˵ĪԨԴ޷ģ㲻ӣҲͶ𣿡
ǺǡʮֺĬһЦ
λʦܡʦã
ͻȻһԶŮԶֱӶ
ȸʦ㣡
˶ʱվԴʩ
䳾ɽôסھ¥ҶʦҵСȸԾ
ǾͲˣ
ҶȵͷȸԴͳʧҶȾʹŴ뿪¥ľѰĸۡӶȥ


904 Ȼռ֮Ľ
ʱҶȾѴҵľǴͨլӡ
ӣСںͥȴ
ҶȸţžŸ֨һ򿪣ūվլڣҶȣʩҲױʾȻ࿪ӭҶȵ˽롣
һūΪʹﵽɵʮ״Բ
Źһ̣˶оūĲ򵥣࿴Ϊɵض̾
ɵʮףѾǳһɵľ֣
Ϊˣۡˣжôͨ
ҶȼլһҲİȴ㣬ū죬ƹǰͥԺ䣬ȣϤĺ԰Ҷȼ˶ľٵĵطʱĶľһ˿ΪҶȶ޷Ӧ
ʦܣʦöҪн͵Լң
ū԰Բ࣬һԷսͼһȹȸӣ
ʦ㣡
ֶӣΨһͬȸɵۼӣڳŶҪȸӴûƢͣͺȻ£ʼġ
һۣҶȾȸӵ뿪Է
ʦܣϲɵۣ뵱½㣬㻹ǴɣǧѣɾɵִۣɾֶͣУ޽У
ͥԺȣȸһɫƳҶȣˣȻҪ㣡
ľҪң
⵹⣬ҶȰ˼뵽ľĪ⣬ϵߵԽԼȻԽãҶ룬㵱ȸӵ棬˵Լ뷨ʦ㣬ɽ磬ʵ﷢չʥȻľҪң˳Ҳ뷨
ȸӵı֣Ҷ˺һ붼ĵͷѽҪܶĴɳ
ɳû⣬ʦҪ٣Ҿж٣УҲʦ㲻ٵĵӣ֮
ӣ֮
ȸӻԼˣӡ֮ʲôʱҶõĳĽֱ߻ˣ
Ϊɵۣ֪ľֵһŵӣ͸ܴãζõӣ˵֮
ȸȲҶȣͲҶȸץסʣ٣ж٣
ҶȿǱʹһ٣ʦЩȻżȻȴҲðܴķգǧţ֮ҲʮöӦԸ߲

һ̣ʻѤŵЦݣȸϣ֣ããֲ˵ʱ̫үүõӣص˵Ժ󻹻õĵ
̫үүǣҶȺȻоʲôڤڤ֮ɽϵһ
֮ҪȸӣҶȺ侲ش⼸仰֮У̫үүҪӣңƺˣܴͨһŵӣܸӦĴһ㡣
ˣǾܡ
˵ˣҶҲֻǼ۶ѣ
ȸӹ龫ֵЦ̫үү̫үүʮõүүǴүүʵɣϴںϵĵۣʵ̫үү㣬ôתģٺ٣ܣǧô֪ȻҪѵˣ
ΪתңҶһͷˮ
֪ɵ۸߽Ϊ򲻵Ǹ̶ȣ̫֮үүܺͰҲ֮ͨˣ
ȸ˹ӣܹһںɽ罨ʥ̻£㲻ڣھͿԴ㣬򵥣̫ˣ˭ܸôôΣ
ô򵥣Ҷô⣬Ϊš
ô򵥰ΪжิӣɽҴƿصɽ磬һСС̻ὨѵҪۼһɣ
ҶȻòȸӣǸŮ˼ǼΪܵģðɣ鷳ʦʦȥӣ
߰ɣ
ȸһЦҲ֪ڻЦʲôҶһһ㤵ģû취Ůӣ͸뷨ֻܱǣűߡ
ƹһԷȸӶգһӡһƬϵֶͨ
лʦ㣡
ҶȲ;гʮƿصɽ磬ȸӼɵۣҲܶ˾޴ɽ磬ƿء
Ҷһͨ̽գ
һµĶ졭
գҶȷֲյĺڰһɭ֣ɭ֮⣬ƺиӹա
Ҷʯ֮ϣȻ澰
֨֨
һȺ߲񣬺Ȼдܳطգ
Сڣ
Ҷȿʧٵ߲ҡͷһЦ߳һȻüͷٴοգһԡ
ں֮ҵϢȻģ˵·˿߽ɵۣ޷ӦҵĴڣЩ񡭡ѵȸ߽ɵ
һ麮һ
СҪǣϸϸӦеϢʱģЩһһľ̺Ϣͨͨġ
ѵ
оףҶȼʩչԼǿĸӦʱ䣬⴦磬㡢ϢڸӦ֮С
Ȼȫһôͨ磬һжǼһһκ塢Ϣͨûɡ
Ҳ˵еʣɴ۱ڵЩıأһģֶͨΣ
ľΪȻЩͨȻ֮ߣ˵
ҶЦЦ֮࣬ʩչԪ˾ͻ𣬷ۣͷֹȻһжѣϿգһϢ
Ϣ磡

ҶȷϢ֮ʱȥȻǵϢ֮ͶҶͻȻһ¡
һҶϤİƿնҶȸ͸ӦϢգȻΪһĽ
Ŀռͨ
Ҷ͵һǧף־һָ飡
սᣬǰӿһָž޽Ѹһ㡣
䣡
ָײս֮ϣսϵػζ
ʮ˷
Ůӵһδմ͸
ȷǶľӣ
ٴεҶ˲ȷⲻ˼ˣɽˣҶڹ˲ľ쳼Ȼǳۣôֶο϶춯ء

Ȼ䣬Ҷȸոշ֮󣬾ͷķռ䣬ڲҪγҪҶѹ
Ԫ𣡡
ľεĿռͨ޷ģֻͨȻ֮ǿܸӦ
ҶⷽĴߣռ䣬ҶȾʩչԪϢ˲һӿռ֮дȥ棬ҶȲòԪΪƣһ޵Ŀռĵ÷顣
䣡
ռ俪ʼ޴ıըҶȼУÿһαըҶԳܵĳ
ܸӦռ乥ռͨϧûʵȥ״ݻ٣
ҶεЦ
ٿ
ҶۿԼҪܵشʱȻһƬռ䱬ըٿʧΧ˲ٴγΪһƬɭ֡
һжǻ룡
̶̼ǧ꣬㾹Ȼָ֮߶ȣ
˿̣Сͷһλ¡ߵٻӰɽĽľ쳡
¼ӣ
ҶȲҵŮӣӵʵҲӦõϿɣ˵ҶѵʮǺ̾ͨ޵Ул飡


905 ʥɳ
ľǶƬľƿ֮Уη֣Ŀռ䣬һжǲʵģ
֮ǰʱҲδֶߣֻǡֻӹһȺǳӾʵԡ
ǰĶľ쳣ĸѩĺͫƤͬҲһģһҶ˱ƣŮΣյĺܣξһܺõӡ
ľ쳾ԭһ㣡
ģȴܵʵȻϸϸӦһһеʣûģӣżȻõһŵȻĸӦ
Ҷ˵ʲôǶԲѣıʮ٣֮ҶڲͬҶֵʵЩʣҲ𽥿ͨͨתΪʵ壬ֶ񰡣
㵹ۼ˵ͷͷǵ
һû˿㣬ľ쳸Ӳȥٸʵףοܵ˵ڶ޷͸ҵֶΣҲӵе֮ͨҪЩ뿴㣬û˷֮ĴУȻûʧ
ӿǶ֮κβǲ¶˵һ֣
Ҷȷĳŵ
ľƸƵЦţʱǲģ˵˵Ĵղȸ˵ˣҪɽ緢չҪھɽһΪˣ
ǵģҶȵͷ
⵹ʲô飬ֻһ㣬Ҫ֪ɽ磬ɵ۵磬Ҳǳ۵磬ڵʵȻɵ۾ڿݺᣬҪԳۣԶԶҪ׼
ɽĵͼţ
ľξһϣ˵һһ֣һͼȻطҶȣɽĸˣ㣬ɣССˣҾ¹滮һɳǸ㣬ҪʥǾͽʥɳǣհ֮أȦһˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȵԥˣǰƯͼҶܳһɳǣӣ̫ðɣô˼
ʲô˼ģҶʿĳЩ棬ڤڤ֮Ҳϵ㣬˵ǰңУ㲻Ҫó֮Щ㹻һɳأ㻹˼
ľȴ統ͷȣ˵Ҷȵ޻˵
ԣͰѵͼסľͫ˸һϵ֮⣬Ҷеĵͼĳһ
طҲΪѡˣɽ䲻ɽĴڣҲǵعﲩʺطչʲôҪҰģ˵ѵûһˣþҪȥ޽֮أ
֪֮޵˵ĴУӱλ̫үүǲ޵ƣ
ʱҶĻҪһɳǣѾ鷳ڣҶȾ֪֮ΪλԼС
㵽һΪҿԸ㣬ڵ㣬С֪̫࣬Ҳû壬Ȼû£ȥɣ
ľ쳺ȻתݲҶȿڣǰͻΪޣһݺݵק˻ȥգ۾ͳ֮ǰıԺ֮С
ӣ
Ҫ˵ллҶǰͲգжľ쳵Ӱӣʱ˿̣ҶǾ仰ڵ̫С
ǰҶһᣡ
Ҷȸд֣Ĭһ󣬾纺ࡢϣȸĹһҶ뿪˸ۡ
ֱľĽ
Լʮ
ɽ綫һǳҷһƬ߼ʵĴأɽ֣ƺӿһ֮ء
û뵽
ʵ̫ʵһɳǣǿԣｨһɳǣ
ڿտĽ֮ϣ۾ţɵ۵ͽףܷչһɳǡ
ҲǸд࣬ɽ絽ɽ磬Ŷ꣬Ϊ˶ͳ꣬ɽ꣬ɼǧȥվھɽ磬纺֣ʮӣȷʵǿһɳǣ˵þã
Ҷ纺ûжͣľ쳵Ĵڣһǲ֪ģֻҶ纺ܸӦǿϢ
λλҶȣҶֵܣС£һλˣں
ʱһƬƴɵɽѹȶһɵۣˣҶɵϡ
ʵࡢĿǰ޷Ტ۵ģ
ͷߣһߡ
һѮߣԳơںİСͨòͨһӣƺˡ
纺شҶȣڵĳۣ
Զľ룬ҶȻ޷иܵںϢ纺ȴ׸ܵˣҶȲһڣľ£ֻһ𳬼ۣǿΪҲڣ
ô߽ɵۣ
ţǾɽ磬Ҫһɳǣо̫ʵ֮䣬˹ɾ£Ƶɵۣļ
ûʸھɽģڣһ𳬼ۣǾǹɾ
һпʵڳˣףδ·ߣкܳ·Ҫȥ̽
ǰֶҶȣ⼸λҵͬţ
˼ںһȺַҶȾ͵˵棬ںȭʩȻÿ˽һ
ССĿˣ
ں䣬ɵͣҶȣԶͣ׵Ƭԭǲ뿪ģСƬʹȨСѣСѿ滮ʲô£ʱϷɣСѷģ滮û˻㣡
Է˿ҶӿлǰһˣҪԺҪ鷳ǰ£кܶܶ࣡
СѿϷ˾͸ˣλСѣǣпУʱϷ۵
ںҲжľ쳵·˿Уڶ˵ͷתʹһȺɵƳطӶȥ
˲䣬Ҷ纺˶о˿
ǽ뿴
ҶһЦˣȻȼƺ
Ƭֶٷ֮һ󣬼ˣҲһݴ½Ҫöֱ࣬ȺɽɽҲиԭԭҰɽ
ȹģѾԽҶȵ󣬽̫޷˳
ҿ֣ʥɳǣԼҴӪȴΪããؽ̻ᣬֵɳأ
֮һƬɽ֮ϣҶɫ˵
֮ǰĽ˵ؽ磬ûʵ㹻ȥչһһ
ʵ̫С㽨ɳأҲֻܵɽ籣ȫû壬ֵ˵ļǣǻڴ˽ʵ˵Ҳ٣
ͬ취ĿǰҲֻһ취½ʥԱ֮䣬ɽ磬·ѣҪɣʵ
ҾԵƬ̣ҿɾʮ껹ûа˴ܲȥˣȰй
Ҷࡢɽȴ纺˲գҶ˫ۣͷž⣬ء
һƬԭؽߵĵơ
ܹϡ㣬
һ˲ͳڳĸԭϿգ
ʯ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȺģӴ޽֮У׳ļƷʯвֵƷʯͬһ޴ʯɽԭۣ̳֮ɾӨĿɽ㡣
񷷨ᣡ
Ҷ˫ֶŸԭۣ֮ʯ֮Ȼ󻺻ȦռĶʩչ˼Ĳ񷷨


906 ڴԲ
񷷨Ҷȸ򣬴ӽɵۣӵں컯ҶȽɵ۶ףںϺڰף񷷨Ѿϵӭɱ䡣
ںϺڰ֮Уڰʵ޼˻ײʱ˿̣Ҷƿصľ޴ռ䡣
ٿ
һƬ޴ĺڰ׹ˣ
Ǳ񷷨ƿ̬֮
񷷨ƿҶ滮Ŀռ䣬ռʯԭ֮еɽ嶼һһ֡
ţһĻˣ
Էκʵķ׹⣬໥ϣڲʣʯɽ壬ͳͳػΪ˳
Ҷʵ̫˼ˣŽɵۣȻ
¾볬۲ԶˣԿ϶Ҷɵ۾ݺ޵УһЩԲɵۣûҶֵĶˣ
ӦǷ򡭡ֻƿء򣬶ҶѾ򣬷֮ϣ
Զ࿴ⳡžʣΪ촷ۣܰκɵۣ˲˺÷飬Ŷ꣬ҶѾˣݺݵ˦ں棬ɽ磬ǾҶȲңԶ
ҶȾ糬ۣǼ̫Զ
УȻᣡ
õɳǣʱôСһ㣬Źȥǧ£Ȼվ˵ĸ߶ȣӾɱ̤ɽ磬ɽ罨̻ᣬӴɵֳۣΪ״ӣֶۡ
һ·ɽ絽ɽ磬һ֤ҶȵδһСɣΪɵۡ
ʿ˵ǧ£շһôʵ
ٿٿ
ڣϵر̶Ʒ
ڲ񷷨ƿ£һʻΪޣҶָֻһץӡЩΪʣܿؿʼᣬΧʣγʮ
ôĳֳ
ɴ۵ı֮УЩ޻Ϊʵͨ˼飬ľҲͨȻɴʮ֮һȴҲ컯֮ܣ
ҶѪȣվԽߣǿ߾Խ࣬ԴӾͷ֮硢־ؽ֮Ҷľͷ΢ı仯κζҪԺ֮С
ɢȥ
ţҲôһ죬ӵ컯ͨ
ţϢô
纺ȻҶߣ֮ͫУһɺâƺӦʲôҶȶ˵һ䡣
Īˣ
ڿƲ磬ͨйҶȣ纺һ˵һ£ƺ֪ôһ¡
ƺؽ緢£Ҷȴ󲿷ֻδü纺纺һͷˮ˭ôϢ߰˰ͬ
ҲҲϰߣҶȳ֣
ҶȽ͵ҵħҸʱ䣬㣬࣬о壬ؽ֮УҲһˣ֮ڲʱħͲˣһѵ
ħܷ룬纺һҧס۴ɷǶˡ
ǰҲû뵽ֱ仯ڣ޷Ϊʲô֮ħܽƻ伫취ңǱʲôҲ
˵꣬Ҷȿ󷽣գƺܿħӣЦ뷽跨
纺Ҳüͷ
Ԫһޣʵʵᣡ
Լ칦򣬽粻д̶ƷҶ˫һϣ֮޵ķʽӿعڸԭ֮ϣʮѩ׵Ĺѩѩ£Өҫۡ
ֱֵܴͨʣ
ࡢ̷ǽ칬Ҳԣ˼̡ռںϵĹ޷ģҶȾΪˡ
ܻҪһʱ䣬ɾŻŴϽȥаɣٽһ磡
˿ʼع֮ǰһ֮ҶȾࡢȥУǾϢʼý磬纺һֱҡ
Żһ£ҶȾͲһ޴Ľ磬ԭУ֮ںϾ󷨣󷨣Ӧ󷨣ҶģڳۣҲԸܵõ覣
ҶȾ纺һһϢһ߰ؽ֮Уϸϸ˵纺κϸڶûŹ
ҶȾͰѾӾٻӴǾͿɽΪ㣬УʱȺҶٻ
ҶȴЩõʱ򣬺Ȼһ٣ңԶգֱɽ硣
һץپֱӳҶȴ֮ƿأΪϢҶȵϢҶȷȥԪࡣ
ˣ󲿷˶ټֻ޷ӦĵطУ̣ɽϽ;У
ɾӷ֮д
ֲûôáҶԳȥУ⼸ǧ֮УŶԼ޴ջ񣡡
Ҷ٣뵽ҪҶҶԶĸܽȵҪʱǷݾΥĿܣȼգ屾͵õУĪһȥѰõĴڣ
ԭҲȻ֮ߣӵһɶصϢڷ磬ɽ֣ʩչĴ֮
ţʵ֤ȷԽˣ
ȥӭǣСǧ
Ҷվ纺ڹϢ߶Сǧ˲ʧ
ǾɽϷҶͬմڣһʹɽɽ·Ľ硣
Ȼǣ
ϢӦҶ·ͿһƬȺһǳĽ籣£ϵسɽˣҶȶһһ
ΪȻǹɾȻҶҶԶܽҶҶԪء³롢ʸɡ±ơڡԭǧʥġҢֵܡԯġʥ칫ἰӨӨաأҶȵκ޳ĪȻ
ʣµˣʥĳԱ㼸ǧˣȻԪīС¡ŲԼܹܵΪ
ôڹɾƿ£ƺƵشɽ磬ֱɽ磬ô׳ۡ
ÿˣڼ֮У
ɽ磬ÿУʥ磡
ˣ
ۿҪɽ֮УվǰĹɾͫͬ泽⣬޴ľɽ磬ɵؾϲһ̾
ȶ
ҶҶԶȲȥˣҲ֣
Ȼھɽ󷽣վһ꣬һۣھɽ֮УȻ翵ظˡ
·ɽͬڣ
塢
ڹɾǿƱ£޴Ľ磬˳ɽ磬粻ʧɽֱӰѲѹñ
Ҷȣ˲Ϣɽ֮⣬ط硣
Ҷ׵ˣ֮ˣҶҶԶܽҶȸս磬żӭȥȶ
ǧǰһ˽˵ůĵž۳档
ĥѣһɽֵɽ磬ɽ۷壬ӴԺ󣬿ʱʱ̿̾һ
ҶҶԪءʸɡᡢ±ơʥ칫ȵˣҶȼؼ棬ͬһɽ磬ȴ磬Ҫǲס
ڷʱҪ׶ˣ
ҶȾϹɾˣһͬɽ磬ڼ䣬Ҷȸıվɽ뷨ӣΪ˸ıڵǾӦɽ硣


907 ۵
ҶȲͣʩչͨںϾɽÿڣûãɾĽʧˣҶҶԶҶȵȣɵغɽȻ
ֻҪ׵վɽЩɡΪ̫ѡ
ʱ˿̣ڹɾƿ£˷Խɽǧɽ룬Χ󲿷ʶƯǶ㻯ģȻĹ񹤣ÿˡ
ãɽ磬ٵ֪ҪУÿƲסĵĿϲ
ããɽвʵп棬⼸ǧ̫̫꣬࣬࣡
ӴʥɳǣǴҵļңĿǰֻǵĴӪϣ߿ɴֽһǳأ
ʥɳǣƯڿյĽ֮ϣҶȺɵػֶ˵
˾޴Ľһھɽ磬ȻϢÿѪڣǶаӾͬҶ˵
δӿ޵ĽΪһɳء
Ҷ֮ۻᣬʥĳԱϤΧ㻨˼깦ʥ˲Űɳ
ҶҲѵʱˡֵܡѾۻᣬҶ벻ǣںһɵ۾ȻٵƷҶȣΪںǶľ쳵ˣɽڲССɳصĿߣһЩʵˣʹߡ
ʵǿóҶɽӵһأ϶ľ쳹ϵǳϵġ
ҶȾͰ£ȥ罻һ˲ܱȵġ
Ǻʮʱ䣬æܿ죬һжָƽһ죬ʥǧԱһۼ
λֵܣǰʥһֱ縺𣬴ӴִУɽ磬Ӧ䣡
ԭʥԱΧԪ尡¼λĹǣҪƼʥ䣡
һţһһɣûһλȨߣ
ɽ޴ޱȣΣգٵҪǻҪһɳǣɽ֯Եķչ
ѡ˭ã
ʵÿﶼѡڸմʥʱҶΪ̫ͣԪΪߣǺɽ罨ʥ̻ˣҶȣһ֮ʥ̻ɽоյطչ
ȻҶʥʱٵĿ½ʥ鷳֮䣬ͳΪĿе䡣
񣬼ÿ˶ҶǲѡҶִʷҶȵʵĿãÿУ޵С
ؼֶ۵״ӡ
ôһԭ򣬾ÿ˶ŷ
˽ûнģѾ֪ͨҶֵܡֵܣʵܼ򵥣ǵֻһˣ
Ԫ尵ˣ߸ߵػһҲΪۣҪΪҶֵܷǣνɳǲ棡
Զԣ˵ļǣ
Ԫͷ侲
ǿ컨аĸɵλˣ
ʱһ˴ӵͷˣȻ᲻ٵɵ컨аĸɵۣҲǰ߸ϣ͵

˶ɵۻǱҪͿ
컨аĸɵ룬һڴĿ⣬컨аĸһ⣺ǷҶƳӵг۾Ѫӣң
Ŷ
ÿ˲ᵽɤۡ
ۣѪӣƺÿİģĸ֣š
Ǹ֪ҶȵֶͨΣڻһͷˮ
컨аĸɵ۴ҶרΪʥԱƵӣһÿʱһƵĹڡ
Ǵ½һֱҶ̤ͨɽҶҶԶܽҶҶԪء³롢ʸɡ±ơڡԭǧʥġҢֵܡԯġʥ칫ἰӨӨաءκ޳ĪȻ졢ʥɢؽԪ˵ȵȡ
Ǿɽ磬Ҫͷʼ
ҶϷҶҶԶֱ࣬ǹɾ纺ܽԼ档
˶·ζҶȺף߼ԭǧҲѶҶĹ
Ҷȵϣû۵ЦݣһδĵģҶȿ׼ˣȻٿǰϤˣЩ׵ˣô£޷ġ
ʥɳǵ£ͽʥѾ컨аĸɵ۸ǴȥԴ󣬴ҾɽУϣڣͻɵֻۣͻɵۣʸھɽߣ
Ҷ˵֮ÿҲǺռΪѹ֣Ƕھɽ粻ܶôɽ磬ſʵǲпᣬҶ˵ÿһ֡
ӷɽ磬һɽɽ磬ִɽɽ磬һжҶΪǵĽݣһɽ硣
ۣ֮ҶҲ޷ǴߵʱգһУӴֻпԼȥСŬ
ɽмɣһ´Դɽ磬Ϊ̫ܲסЩڲͬˣ֮ɡɡһرӡӴԺɹɾڴ˸У
ɵʯͳͳõģҲкܶ࣬οȳƻԺ󣬴ҲȱٷҲУ
Ҷ˵ͿʼһץһɹʹӴ޽ɳһſųЩӣɼ߳۵ƶɣûȥúںϣΪϴ裬ںгµϢ
ಣ
һ֮Уʮųӣǿκ鵤ҩڳ󲿷˶ֻ֮Ϸˣ֪ӵĲ
ÿˣõʮӣ
˿ʼоʱҶʱ䣬ʼҶҶԶʵˣôһ£
ҶԶصţҪȥѰõĴ֮أӦɽĳŮȻʳڣʥλ󱲣ûȼ磬Ϊӽף
ҶϸϸصͷȻȥˣ
λΪܴﵽ߽ףڴŮ֪ˣô꣬һĵģҶ˵
Ĵ֮·ǰҲŴңҪԼȥеġ
ҶȲһ˿˽ȨһУ壬ϲ㣬Ѿ߽ףԽٶȣ
ҶοһЦҶȵֱۣаɣһֱûгȥʥ̻֮аæӽɵۣҲʱȥ
壬ʥ£ⲿЩȥЩˣҪΪһһ㣡
ҶǱҶҶղǷȻȴ͸¶һҶȼΪ˵ϢǾҶȫУ̤ɽ缸ǧ꣬ȻȻһֱ߽ס
˵ʲôȻ֤ҶӵеӵеĲ˼ǱҪ⼸ǧ꣬ԳȥУΪ϶߽ס
ƺں򶾶ӣпֻ̤ɵۣҲ޷׷
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬿ź壬뵽ˣ䣬˸ĸˣǺˣѪͬϢ


908 ĪȻɾͨ
λ
ÿ˶õ֮ҶȺȻվߺһʱÿ˶Ҷȡ
Ҷ룬ÿˣͫ͸Ī⣺硢ֵͫܣ̫ɳصشҶİɣ
Ȼİֵ̻ƿ֮µɳطչܵദƣˣȷʵɱ
һ˵ˣ
Ȼŵɱɣ񣬵žʹƺԶУֲ޷Ĩȥӡۡ
Ųɱ¾ԼǣͫȻΪ̻ᣬɱҲɱˣ
ţ֮Уòʥվ˵һаӰķϢһ˿˿ơԡСǣʥȴһֿʵʵĴϻ֮⡣
аǿߣ޷߱ģ
ҵ˼ˡ
Ҷȳ˵ͷ£ҵɱǼ򵥵ɱֵɣ
ǣ
ɾվ۵ȻޣǣȴĿ⡢Դ֮С
ֻɾҶߣһӣָһöһǳ֮⣬ӡʵʵֵͫܣ˲ľͷڵ롣
ҶҶԶһۣ⣬οҶ޵ԭȶùǰˣǰһ룬ҪҪ֣ɱȡ̫ɳأ̻ᰲطչλɵҲȫǵĻ񣡣
ȶĳԶ棬ѾеĺˣõҶޣΪ˸ҶԶһ뼤
УȶԶǵĺӣ
Ҷ֮䣬չֳҶ
û뵽ǻһɣʵǿԺܴѡҺú̻ᷢչ
ʱ˿̣Ҷǰءǿ硢ͫѾΪƵģ޷뵽ҶΪֶΣշɵۣܼԦɾ־ۡ
ֵܣѾԤ֪Լ³ľ
ҶȲûеһնɱҪ㣬Цһʣ֪Լ𣿡
ǡͨߣҲͫ˵Լܣ㲻Ըϣһ˿ᡣ
ͨߣ
ͨʲô
ʮˣһͷˮҡҡͷ໥ʣȴûһ֪
ϷࡢҲüͷƺѰҴ𰸡
λͨʣ
ɾվһʱ䣬˶ݡ𾴲ϣɭɭؽͣɽʣͨ߾һ߲࣬ͨһҲͬʵһ֪Էʲôһһɽ磬һھɽ磬˲֪Է뷨
棡
˶ʱ۾Ϊͫ粻˫̥ѣ˵ʲôͨߣҲû˵ɾһǲ֪ѾΪԶӵ˲
ɽ磬ɽһĴʱգ
жٵţ
½磬Ƕɵۡõ汦ϧ˶ûзĴڣͨߣ硢ͫˣһʣɽ磬ȻҲûȥǵĲ֮ͬ
Щ˵ɽ̫ˣû޷ɽȥҵЩڣ
ɽ绹жٵ棬ٵʣû˵Կ϶ǣҶȵɽΨһĴڣͫ죬Ҳǽеͨߡ
ߡѪߣɽҲǾ޽еģ
ǰͨߣҲǵһμ漣ޣɾҲΪ̾
ҶȣǸӵΪҶȣҲȥϸͫݣΪ˵еĴڣͻȻôɽ֣˭ȥǴ˵еĴأ
ҶԵˣһ򲻻飬ʵҵҲǶ
ҶȶֵһЦתؿˣλͨʲôΪҽͣͣͨߵ˼飬ǿʱƶԷ࣬ȻжԪҲ԰϶ΪһʵͻǿԷ룬ֿϣ

ڳˣɵ۶ǣ岻ϻҲ벻Ҷ˵ķǷֻ֮һ֪ȥ
ķԽԽĺ㡢Ҫʲô
ӵʣȴǱɽ磬ǣͨߣݺɽ磬ݺδ
Ҷȿˣ˵ޱȣͨ汦ϣ֮УҳһͨˣͨߣӴͨȥУ
ɱǰɣ
ᣬʵڴУԸԵʽ˶ᣬеһУΪУ໻Ĺʵͷ֮ʱȴժˡ
ߣ
ڴʱɾͻȻһŭĿֵͫŵðҲסˣɾŭ˵˷ѣ˵ˣҲ۾ǺԪ䣬ȴԼ
λһ޴ĻֻͨһڴҾͷԼԪʩչͨô֮Уҳһλͨϵˣ
Ҷȿʼ龻֣ɨ࣬Ȼת̨˵ĻᣬҲǹƽѡ
ʣȻûмʶҲŹҼϹɾҶ֣£֪ͨߣΪͨߣǾ޴Ļ׷׿ʼͷԪһԪʼ
ಣ
һءޡʥĻ龻֣תسڴϿգ˵ԪϢ
ԪʿһУҲ̺Ϣ
ʮԪϢϱ龻УţҶָһץ硢ͫԪںϻ龻֮С
ʱ˿̣龻Ŵ˵Ϣˣ
ˣ
Լ󣬻龻͵һһ⣬Ҳ࣬ӵڶţ˲һӰ
ţѡеˣƺûüӦ
ĪȻ
˿̣ҲӰǰɽԺ䣬ǧȻһѡ֮ˣȻԺţĪȻ
ĪȻԺţҶȣͱҶȵշΪԺ׽̵һӡ
գ˾޴ãҶһԺĪȻҶҲ½ս׵ˣһ򾡣
ĪȻҶһ·ǾľȫҶ֮䣬ص֮
û뵽ĪȻҶȻ벻ҶҶǾʥģЦϲϲ
ϲ֣
ˣȻѡ˶ϹϲĪȻ
ĪȻһ޷ŵģһҶȣо͸жѣ£ҶȿƣԭһӶֻܵһû뵽Ҷȫɣµɽ磬ҶһԴһɽ磬վھɽ硣
ܵõͨߵ
޷ŵʵ
˿̣ΧˣҲʵʵνԹ壬֪ĪȻҶȵĹϵĪȻõҶ˴裬ٴ֤ҶһϡֿǵĴ
ÿ˶ܸж


909 ۵Ĵ
ɾ֮ԭеΣ
ĪȻΪߣҶȾҪ׼ʩչͨĪȻֵͫܣ᲻ڴ֮ͥ£֮ǰҪһЩ顣
ɾ½֮󣬾֮ԭϵںϣȲҪ֮ԭżɷ̬뱾ںϣǡ֮ԭںϣɽ𵤣
Ŷ
һ仰Ҷʮ𾪣̾һ𵤣Ҫ֮ԭںϣǺεȵǻǣûǻۣ벻һ㣬֮Դһܵ𺦣ʿо޴ġ
𵤿޲ĵľԼԵĵĴ޷ģ
û˭ðգ
Թ˰ѽ޳ʣ˵ȥתΪ˻֮Уı𵤵̬Ǹʡ
ҶĿǰҲ޽𵤣ò񷷨ս𵤣Ҳû󵽣ʣںϣУȻҲҶδʱкܴϵһ죬ҶҲ֮˵Ҳı𵤡
˵ɾһзǷǻ۵
ãⷽԼУʲôҪܶ˵ˣԪҪԣıʯòҪкܶԣԺʱңھ͸һ֣꣡
ɾĲŻѾԽҶȵԤڣţúǾǱһץʹڷɳһɷӡһ˿˿ԣǴӾӡġ

лˣ

һץô࣬ɾӶҶͶأӿҶȵĴͨ
ĪȻߣ
һУҶȾͲڴУںϳ۵Ƿ۵糸һʹ纺³롢ࡢĪȻֵͫʧڴ
ʣˣؽɴʼճ۵һӣǶҪܳںϣǵУͻͻͻ⼸ǧڣɱ䣬ؼйɾ
շɾʵҶȾѾ飬񣬿԰鶼𣬵ȻҲҪ˳ıײߡ
Ⱥʥһ
ȻҶ뼸λĲĵط
֣֣ҲĿǰǻʺϣϣǴﵽɵʮ״ԲſʼΪƳĳӣںһЩԱԴǽΪߣӵף
ʱֻмˣ纺ѾϢ³ָھһУ࣬Ҷǲǽ䡣
ǣҶҶԶˡ
ԭΪ̫һ룬ͻʵ䷴ᱻѹñ壬ӦԣҲ޴ʣ֮ǻ˵ų⣬һѭ򽥽
ಣ
ӡͷ࣬ҲڣȻԽƫС
ھʣĪȻֵͫܣ
𣡡
Ҷȶ˵ϵضͫһ֣˾ɿ־建侲ΪǵԪ󣬳׵رˣ
ĪȻͨ߸ӦΪǿңŻ֪ͨߵںϣˣ
ɱˣҶһ˼򵥣ǴܵͨĪȻ޷Ӧ
Ҷ˫һһͰֵͫܣһɹɵϵӿ壬ֵΪһ壬Ϊһˡ
ŶĪȻͷֱ־֮ĪȻͨǰڿʼҾͰԪ񳹵ںһ壬ʮʹ࣡
û£ĪȻӦһ䡣

ҶȶˣָһץֲĿͰĪȻ˵ı仯Ѫ⿪ʼʧʹòҽһȻû졣
ৣ
Ѫܿճʣһ߰׹ǣɢڵ棬ĪȻͳΪһֻԪʶ޷Լ
ںϣ
һɾʱֵڣ
ͨ嶯һ£ſʼػζҶͷϵذͨߣԺ
ںϣ
һͨߵѪաںĪȻԪĪȻпԶᣬںԪ󣬶ûҶȰ˵ĪȻǳҲͨںϡ
Ѫ
ͬѪ޷ںϣǿںϣʿ˵ɱΪ
ҶѪıĪȻѪͨѪΪΪĪȻͨߵҪԶԷѪΪ
ǿѪӵиܿͰĪȻѪܶϢɣͨߵѪʼ
ѪʼĽӴտʼһųģҶȸıĪȻѪҲжҶٴ˫ѪͿʼںϣĪȻѪͨѪʱ
ͳɹˣ
Ҷʱ䣬ʮôȥ˶ᣬû÷㣬ȻҶȲòСĽ˭ͨôţĪȻĲŻΪ֮ͨ󣬽һΪߵ֡
Ϊͨߣĳɾͣδûжȡ
òı䣡
һøıͨߵòͫò𽥻ΪĪȻòʡϢֻͬĪȻں֮Уûиʮ꣬ϰ꣬޷ںϵġ
ҶȾΪһ󷨣ú֮У
ţҶȾ޽˾䣡
ԶŵУ
۵ĴУ
ս䣬ҶȾ͸ܵūϤϢͳӣūΪĿܣҶʵʲô𵤣ҶʵǿܳΪȸ߶ȵĿܡ
³룬һɫӡţֻƵģҶһ£ѹɽֲ򱶣纺ռ䣬к֮ģҲоĪǡ
³룬ɽ缸ǧ꣬㵹û͵Ϊ̤ͽף
ҶһɫԷӡ³ҶȣһϹϾڷʱôԸҶȶԡ
ٺ٣ĸҲ㲻ʰңүүҲʰˣ³뻹ǸƤֵӡ
Ҷҡҡͷɫǰҵ£һüĿһλ棬Ϊۣ
棡
ԭЩɢ³룬ͻȻۼ֣ʱһҪץɫ𺳵ʵ棡ǿʱеĴ˵е棬ΰ棬ʥǿ֮һ
ϸڣǵ½磬ǰϸĸǣ֮嵱ȷϹͥо޴ĹϵȻ칬ҲһĹϵ棬ΪѪһΣںϣһΣеľţ
ǰϽߣֽ֮УΪڵģҾ˾Ѫ㣡ںϣδδϣ
׼𣿡
Ҷ󼸸֣һܣ³棬ǵʵ


910 ۵Ķ
ҡ
˿³ǰһˣһϵʥˣҶɢϢһ񣬾⣬³뷢𺳶̾
Ҷɽ˵δȥˣ
׼ˣҵĸףҲ帲֮УģҰԳһ壬ֻһ
³߲ţҶȣȼž⣺Сʱ򣬳ָδ˼룬壬ҵδһ޷ˣ
۵ĺˣɣΪϴΪ壬̣ǳʹ࣬ޣҲ޷ܵסȻͷı壬һ㣡
õģԳʥ壡
͡
³˺󼸲ɫӡ룬˫۸߸ߵչƤתص⣬ϵİۣʼְɫëһһ飬ɣͺܿı̬
׷ëϵ³Ҳ𽥵ֱۡ˫ſʼѸ͸ı䣬ϵ󣬲ѩʥëƤҲѩһ㳤ɸߣһʥİԳɫӡ֮С
壬ȷҪƣ壬ʵͺǿһͷűʵ
ƺʥɽ棬⨺֮⨺ޣʥɽҲһ˿ǣģ
ҶȲɾ⻹ǵһμı໨ŴȻᲢۣ³ı˵İԳ֮壬Ҳ𺳲ѣ뵽ھɱޱһϾ޵ĳ
ʱʩչʥɽľҶȵ˲֪³ΣʱҶȾͼ֤⨺
ʱİԳ³룬ûаûɱĲͬ
׼ˣ
ΪİԳ˵ҲǴֿѣˮİ޷ŭһ֣顣

ҶһָɫӡʧӶ̫ŰԳ³룬޵ľӵвĹʥ֮ã³룬ϴΪ
ȻԳ³̫ܵ⣬˷ܣеԣܵѹƣҲûκų⣡
ʥͬģ

Գ³뻹û˷ܼ£̫Χԣ˲ӿľ޴ʹǺУ
ҶȲŲøһνѵо³ûĺӣΪĹϵ
ǿ̫ںϾָԣԳ³ڣͰƤ˺ѣҴꡢɼԵİԵɵֱ࣬ݰԳ³еɵ
Ȼͬ죬ͱҪ߼̺޷ȵ
ҶȽܵ³Ĳ֮Ȼǿ̶ȣɵ۲£ͽףҶȵʱ࣬ҶʱͿɵ۸߽ף³Ҳһġ
Ҫ֪³뻹δĹֻԴ³ҶȻҪֲһ֣³ͽףͿɵ۸߽׵Ҷȵʱ޷ȵġ
ޣޡ඼޷ȵģֲãʱ໨Ŵ޵еĴڣ

ڽ̫ⲻΪ³ϴ³ǻڵһֱʹ˺ѷΣ˿ȥԼҲܼס
Ҷޱ飬Բϵϴ裡
³ڣϵͷųۻ࣬һһ㣬Ĺһδ飬һδ԰£ʼ飬һѭ̣
Ҫϵĥ
ʮ꣬ϴŽ
ʱ³룬ߴɣȾˣëǾӨ͸ͬƵģǿޱȣѾ̺Ҷȵ̫Ϣ֮УںԣѾһߡ
ռ䣬ϧҵľ̫
Ҷȿó³ܲϵϴ裬ϧ̶ֳֻȣȻҲ³һ죡
Ѫھںϰɣţֻ壬ںѪӦһдУ
ɲǼ䣬ĵһˣ
ڶѪҶȵģ̺Ҷȵǧ򱶣
ϵϢ
ʮϴĥ³ĵģԵɱˣȻһģͫĿ⣬ȴǼ㲻Ρ
Եϴ裬һʹ࣬ڳɳ
ȥɣϵĴУδţϹͥ칬ܶɣ
Ҷָһ৵ط̫ӡ֮еİԳ³룡
䣬ΰ漣
ŰԳ³Ѫһ̣ҶȾ͸ܵϤϢһɰƺҪɱ
ҵĺӣ
۵Ȼˣ
ǰ
ҶȲɼ֣˵֪֮֮ǿߣҶҲԾġ
ɲǼ䣬³壬ƺһû֮ͫУسһںڰ֮УϷһ޴ӡľ޴Ӱ
ӰҶȵҲǱ칬ѹۣ
ľӰʼ³ϷᣬѪṩӰγɰ׾޴֮ʱҲˣҶ³룬ֻܿһƬĺڰһŵģӰš
۵ľӰ˻ƳĹ֮ȻϷµĳŵллˣϷ֪вٵʣϷ򵱳ѪʱͰʵ⣬ŵѪ֮У
Ҷȹصǰ޷ֿģǰģ֣ȳģ
仰ҿ֪֪Ϸ򣬾屻ѹںδǺǣʱͱȥ֪ˣڵ㣬ûкôĵĻȣҲִӣ
ǰȻ桭
ڳͷ֮ڼǧ֮ǰȻԤϵԼдħϵѹأǶɹٵĴڡ
ʵĴϻۣȻõ칬ǿҶϤһУȻȥڣҲܸ㣬ЩܣΪߣȻӭж⣬νͷȻֱ
֮ҪһЩ飬δȻһҪϹͥһֱо޴Ұģԭ벻ٵǿߡŻԶʧԶҲҪȺòȻļһڶ칬ҪСģõӽ󣬲ȥ칬Կ칬ϹɽһǷҪΪػɽͨķͨ칬Ҳֻܸ㣬ɽϸԪͷ˴ʣԪøӵĿ£

Ҷ˲̾̾Ϲͥ칬ɽд·Ҷһͷˮ֮ʱָоԼƺһʱҪʱڡ
һ֣Ӣ۵ζ
ϷϣӪȣһͷ֮磬칬Уص㣬̤ǿ֣֪֮ϷһˣҪ㣬СǸǬȻΪͨ죬Բδɹ٣Ǵ죬ҰĲɽ磬칬ûѹסҪָʵҪҵ޼ʯҪһʱΣÿʱǿԼһҪСûΪüӣ
ʱˡ
ʱ۵һ̾̾³Ͽյľ޴ӰػΪӰ³ͷ


911 ʥѪԳ
ǰ
ľӰһµķӡһδ֪ʱգҶ֪۲֪صĺڰѺ˶ã
һͷ칬ʹãŭɶ
δ·Ȼ᫣ǰͨԤϵǬҪҲȻƻҵɵ۴٣֪Ժɽʱεѹأ˻Щɵ۴٣Ǹ
ϸϸعҶȾ͸оԼǿ߾ͷ۲̫󣬾ͷԤϵϸ֮¡
ǬԭҪѰ޼ʯȫָһʱ޷ԸңҲãٴʱһ׷ĪһпУʵһǿ֮󣬾ȥѰСǧı𣡡
Ҷȵ̫ӡ
Գ³һر˫ۣվڷӡ֮գڽ۵ĴУǹϵģҪܳʱ䣡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܴн
ڴУҶģ񻹻źúõģĴУȻȫģ³Ҫʱ䣬һǰ㡣
Ҷ˿纺΢΢سһūƿմ˱һɵɵҲ˸â
ūʵҶδͻɵ֮ǰĽ׶ΣʴˣҶϢ֮䣬۴ԣϵע뵶ūڣūʵڽУһܡ
ţ
֮УһͷȻԺ
ūа˱ۣɾ޽֮أõÿѪ֣ƵҪܸı䲿䣬뵶ūūǱ仯޷ȥ󣿡
ͷҶ𺳣ǹɾҪ֮ԭΪ𵤵ԭ򣬴ܵ
ɾжôаǿҶᣬɾƺ޷ڿɾվɲ˴
Ǹūںϣ˱۾ܵõķӣū츳ҲһĴڣʣ࣬ܳ˱ۣ
ӵƵūҶȾһֱʹõūΪū飬ڵ֮ۼɣû꣬עһʬ⣡
һ뵶ūںϣū츳˱ۣﾡã
Ӳʹˣ򵱳ɾ뵽һˡ
ҶȲϵظūעõūʵ𽥽ӽԼȻҲһֱ£ϧˣûö߾æǰɾڵķƽ⣬Ʒܣ
һ⣬ֺճˣ
ãɾܵشܾͿڣӴһڸֵԹƣʱ޷ȥɵ£
ϧūں£ҪƵϺҲãҶԼʵҪǿȥҲʵ䷴Ҳ˵

ҶȰūʵȥǧʱͻȻ³ŭ
Ҷһ㿴𺳵ĳ
³壬һëȻʼɱΪѪɫһһѪ̣Ѫ͸ŵϢȻѪȣȴа෴͸һɳԽ޵ʥϢ
ϢȻǰϢйͬô³ϢͨϢ
һʱ䣬ĿɿڴŰԳ³룬ɱΪѪ³룬ҶȾ͸о³ϤϢһֻȻȫµ
ϢȼգڱڣѪѪϢҲԣ
ѾԽҶȣ
ҶȻҪߣˣ
³˴ɱ䣬ҶԤ֮УҲԤ֮⣬Ϊ˵
һѪҶȶɽ٣ûа취£ΪԸǬæںϣҶޱ䣬Ѫ֮УӵѪʱҶȾ۵Ѫһģõںϣȷʵе˷ѡ
ǱޣõǲķѪֵ
Ȼ
˿³ɱ䣬֤Ҷȵۣ³ǴѪų⣬õѪĴУںϣ
ͽ׵³ȻӵгԽҶȵѪ˵ɽ֮УǴﵽԲǿߣҲ޷³ᲢۣõѪֱܵӹڡ
Ч˵棡
³Ϊʮ֮ߣƤѩɫһëѪɫ޴ԳԳͬϹŹޣѪ˫ͫĹâҶȣҲЩ޷ӦҶѾ޷塣
ڣҶΪΣҪ³룬ɽ磬³Ȼ򵥣֮Ĵڣпܣĸ߶ȡ
Ϊ³Ϣ޵Ϣ
һʥϢУںϣöɽ٣ʥ
棬һҪȳ
һ̣³õ۵ĴУҪҶȸ۵ľ۽ǣѪˮ
ƽһҶȾʵ³룬Ϊ˱仯
³߰˵ΪҵʥѪˣ涼Ǿ޽еʥޣǵڣһʥѪǲޣʥͬﵽʥˣ޽еġʥѪԳ
ʥѪԳҶ÷£û
³ƺҶ뷨Ϊм˵ʥѪԳǱޣӵʥ˫Ѫͬʱӵ޵ѪҿԿ϶֮УΨһһʥѪԳ֮֮ͬһ߶ȣ
棬Ҳͬģ
³ʮֵ˵
ͷ
ǶǴ˵еĴڣ綼ڣҶģΪƺž޴ϵھָڣԿͼڣ֮УҲмԦĳ
ȷ֮
ǺãӴڽָúõУںǰ봫Уʲôʱ򳹵һʲôʱԳȥȥһУ
Ҷһ˦³ƼƵģ޷Ҷŷ粨һʱա
ʥѪԳڴϼʮ꣬ܳںһ
һлָƽҶֿʼΪū
򸽽һƬɳ֮Уֶƿصĵֶ̣Ǿۻᣡ
Ϊʲô
һֶ¡ͷͷӣ˴Ӿ¥ϳֵģȻֶͬŵӡ
ֶ죬ֵӣֻܵϣ˹ȥᱻ˸ߣ
ֺΣ
Ҵ½ò׳Ϊֶӣڳɾɵۣɽ磬ҵƽֻвϵĵģ緲һΪΣ˲Ҫ˴󣿡
䣡
ү·ַӣԶ㣬ΪŶ
һʮֶĵӣһȺŮУ߹֣󣬽˵һž߷ˣ
ͣ
ƺˣʹţܶ˶ڿЦܾ۸ӣС
㲻𣿡
ǲǺѪǲǺֶЩӣӵˣдĺ󹬣
ǲǴѹִ۵ɫ
ͻȻһ˻ơ޵ոսСӣ֮ʱĶ𣺡ң벻ӵ˵һУ
룬ζ룬ܾôΪǣ
ʵؿķȴһˣ
Ǿ͹ˣҲҪһʵˣҪһг޵ˣ߰ɣĺˣ
ಣ
һɺڷ磬֮С
ʧ


912 Ϣ
ɽ磬Զһƺ֮Умλӷ
λӴƺӶʱһǾգڱ¡
ꡢʥ
ӣɰɽ
ѩ֮ڻӣ³¶ƣض˵
ԺߣΪʥ£⵱ȻҶȸṩԴ
λ㣬·λ㣬ò֪ҪӾϵضʥ˵
ŮʱһЦЦޣʥǰ̾Һ֮ǰɽ磬ǻ޷Ӧķɽ磿ȻǺƴɳأ½޷ȵģ
ɽ˶ģŮᣬ뵽ɽոɽ罨ţͲɿŮλţɽ޷ȵģ
سһĨĽõҿҲ˵ˣԭҪ½ģ˵һˣͰɱĶӣɽҲ̲ţ
ֻСѣ
국Ӧһ䣬⼸ǧ꣬½Ҳ˲ɱ¾ӵĴС㣬ѾɳΪһŵĶ
ؼӵҶȸƣһиֶΣҪΣգҶԶԶͻӦ
ΣǲµģοӵߵֶΣ
λӣǺδȥѽ
ۿŮҪɽ總һʮɵۣƺҲҪȥɽ磬ƺӦŮʹһΧ
ɵ۵ٶȣȻŮӦģ
һȺɵ۰ǰ֮·µʵʵģһƻ̰ضŮڵˣλӲŴ½½ϢδҲû뵽ôŮ
԰
Ҫ׽סȥа̷̣ǲǿԷһʴƣ
ʲô˫޲Ǹãٺ٣Ǳģִǻȥң
һɵۣ˾ӣǴɡģԱаħ磬ɽʵ
թǳΣߣǿߣֻбѹˣ
ʮɵ۵ĿţŮû
һɵֱŮ˵ʲôϻ˵һɽػߣӦĻ⵽ֱҪװ׻Ϊˮ
׼
߳һꡢʥ֮ǰĿǰӵǿԳʤɱɵۣҲɵˣ

Χɵ۷ĴЦ
һ
ۿɵ۾ҪŮ֣ʱ˿̣һ䡢ʮᡢ̶˷ݶ
ʲôˣ
ɵʱоһڰǣ
ȻѰԴ֮ʱһλɵۣʮ걧ȭҿޱڵĵӣǰ벻Ҫ£
ͣ
ɵ۸պ԰˵꣬һ޺ɫ⣬ֱӰͷ­һѪձһֻǿʼɵۣһɫӰ˾Ȼͱ˲ɣ
һĻΧ˵Ҳޱڷ
ٺ٣
Ǿ߸ʬԱߣӿһλ꣡
ȷһλֻ꣬ʮģᣬȴ䣬ѪЦݡ
ˣǱħ֮죡
㡢Ϣ
ڳˣĸŵѾû˷ӦʥҲŵɫ԰ףΪǷϢҲ˵һֻ֣ͻȻħôܣܣ
ŶꡭңֻǸıòҵϢӦĲԶ޷ı䣬ҾңҾҶȣ
ħˬһֿؽܵ
Ĳʱ򡭡
˿̣һʥ޵պɨ
ɲǼ䣬һħ棬߲Ǳˣħ˺ɫ粻ˣȻǱҶȣ

ʥͬʱ˿ȻǸԳҶȵ꣬ΪҶȵϢΪֲǷ
ܸ֮ӣ

ʮɵۣû뵽һûˣ޵سһλ֣òûˡ
̫ˣ
ҶȶʮͽɵۣһۣһһףͻأؽϣյʲôʣͷҲһ顣
ħаض˲ȥɵֻۣħҶȣʼνĽ͵ˣֻǰ㿴ߵˣ˺ұһ壬αŪ˽ţ
ҶһЦȻҪ룬ҲҪôߣǱƣ֣㹻ĨɱԶشҵڣң
ԲѣʵҲ£ҲȻҲ۵ضֻ֣ҪԶ㣬ʩչ龻ɱԼԪҲ޷ҵҰɣ
龻ĳЩ棬ĺڰ޷ʹõģǹģ
ҪͨߵʵҲˣҶ죬ҲӵֵȻֻħҪɱңҿֻ鷳һѣ
֮Ϊ֮ǴˣҵĵԸңҪһ£ħҲ֮ʧ
ҶĮȻ˵תһꡢʥǰһЦֱӾͰ˴նȥ
ٺ٣㵱ɵӣ
ħƻЦЦһգºڰǿУƻδĵ·Ҫְٷְٵض㣬
صʧˣ
ʥɳǣ
ʥյǣʱǧټȻܶ࣬ҶȰѲӽ棬תλȻ䡣
Щȥˣ
ڣ
ҶϢ£Ҳһνָ𺳵磬һ֮ͿʼĵҶЩ꾭
ҶֻǴ˵˵ȻûаѾḶ́߸ֹһ󣬵ҶΪϴһ֮󣬾ԾռԣȻܵų⣬Ȼķɳһöָ
ǵ꣬Ҷ֮ڣū֮Уõָ
öָ
ҶȷģٴθӦͷеϢ̫ϣɽϢֻҶȶδӴ˹ϵϢϸϸӦһϸ˵Ѿһ֮Ĵڣ˵ҲԵ
ҡҡͷһţô꣬һֱûгںöָ
Ҫöָ֮УϢΪ֮ҿҪһǿ֣УõСǧı֮ܳеϢʱԼװˣȥɱλ֣
ԭҶϽ磬һΪ˴ǧͼ
ؽɴ۱֮УĵõǿѪ飬õǧͼ䣬Ҳȥؽջ
ȥñǣ
򵥣㽫ԴԽںԽо޴ֻҪϢ
Ӧÿ԰ҵĴæ
ɣסָ


913 ֮һѩ
국һЦһԣ
ҶȣȻͷһ⣬ԪڽָУ
ĽƣϵķöָĲʣ޼ʯһ⣬һ
Ϲţ磡
Ԫָ磬͸о磬޷ͷŷӡҶȶ޷ָ
ָϢ̫ϣҶȿԿ϶öָڵ£пܱǬҪԶ
һ̫ңԶĴ˵
Щӡɽӵеȷܹϡϧ޷ЩҪܰǬᣬܶԪ䣬˼飬жٵķţ¿Ȱɽ
ǬһŵĻʯҶ뵽־ϲ޴ڣҶڶܸоǬһĳطѰʲô취Ը
ôһǿʱ̶ţҶȲǿ󣬶У
ξ˵ֶн۵Դڳƻ֮ǰһҪõСǧͬʱҲҪۣ
˼һҶȾͼʼָĿռ䣬ָȫǸĪ򣬲룬ҶҵһɲϢѪϢ࣡
ȻʿµıϢ̫ˣھȡһЩڵ֮УʱȥѰСǧ𣬾ϴó
ͷһһɹ⿪ʼ뱾ϢԼһҶȾ̷ӡԪҲ뿪ָ
ѾǧȥҶȰָʱ³Ҳн޷κﵽƿһͬ뿪ռ䣬ʣ纺һоǡ
صҶȾͼĪȻҲںϣ
òɣѾΪɽ޽е֮ͨһ³ں۵ĴУҶȼûʲôٷĵ£ҿʥɳǰС
Ҷٻɾһģࡢˣ
ͶҶȼʵҶ֣㻹δյٻ
ûУϾˣҶһֱھ䣬ϾֶκεϵֻʥɳΧԸӦ
û뵽ǲ뿪ż꣬ɾͳһ£
Ȳ˵óֶٻеӣһд·һŵӣʮˣʱɵһףʮУֻ޵ɵףۿҪʧΪ֪֪ˣȻǰãȻΪֵӣ
Ŷ
Ҷһ㶣

һʮɵ۵ͽԭ̤ƽӹĵӣȻ㷭һ죬һв֮ǵõ
ֵӵǿҶȿǴξ˵ģҪΪֵӣҪôΪﵽۣҪôʵŲ֮統ϫӣҲһͨ½ӣΪھɱۣһɳϹϵΪ۵״ӡ
ȻҶҲһӡ
ǱΪҪﵽܾ˵ĵزܳΪֵӡ״ӣ
ȻҶȡϫӲ࣬ʮʱֶ춼ֻһƽĵӣȻһ죬õһԽ죬ΪпܣҲǺġ
ɽ磬ܶ࣬ܶ࣡
ҶȵǺʵɹûУ
ҡҡͷûоп֤ʽټ󲿷ֵӣΪ£ɹÿӼ֤ʧһֶּΣΣҪҪȥ֤ⳡʢ᣿
ھɽ籩ҶȾ֪󲻼򵥣Ҳ飺ǲȥʱˣҲҪ׼ɱڵɱʮ˱䣬ɺܿأغҲҳΪʽ״ӵĹؼ

ࡢԵͷ
ҶɾҪãɾǴĳӣҲȸӵıЩʱͻȡһУˣ
˷ģڣల£г۽٣ɾɭɭĵͷ
ãҺúϢúñأ߰ɣ
Χ˸˲ͷɳ˹
ٺ٣ȥ
һ޵ӰҶˣʥɳոȥ
Լ칦˾׳۵
óƣ˾ͷ֮У
һ·ӣǰûйʢɽޱߣܶӶȥִһܳǧꡢ꣬еĵӳȥУҲʱܻع顣
ʴʱֶڵĵӣǷǳ࣬ΪһλҪſˣΪֵӣÿһֵӣǶǴ¼Ȼٵӻع飬Ҳٻشӡ
ȻһΪԣһ滹ɱڵĽ棬档
ЩӣҶʶģûмȻӶǻʶϾʮڵӣξѩŵӣÿһֵӡ״ӣÿӶʶġ
㲻ʶҲ
ͨӣŵӵ֮
Ҷȡࡢ֮зɹȫûĿ⣬˻üܶˣҶȣȻɱɱʮ˽֮£Ҷ½磬ɱڵĴš
ţţҶȲֶ֪죬ͳΪֻһֱΪȸ罻һУ
һ·̫࣬Ҳɸ̾ҲΪҶ¶һ˿ģҶ֣οɽĻᣡ
ҲҶȵɱʮʵСӣΪӦɵ۸߽ףԼڰ˽£Ǵһʹ˵ţʵܴﵽɵʮף
ȷӵԽһĬԵ棬ҲΪҶģϾɱʮһǿߣһɱ֡
෴Ǽ֮Уֻո̤ɵۣʮףףɱʮ˲ʮǧ
ǺǣɱʮҲҷֺսʤңȻصҪȥʦξ񣡡
;УҶȾ˷ֱ𣬶һ˷ֽ硣
ĺãСʦܣʦͣ
Ҷֽ磬߶ξ񵥶ںϵϢ˭֪ξһͺɨֽһŻҶȲС
Ӧ֮һѩҲѩĵ
֮ͨУԺӿһ֣ɽ磬Եһǿв
ѩ
ŵѩĵɣξ˿ˣӣҲƽƽ
ڣҶҪǿ
״ӣֵӴ඼ǳۣţԷߣʵ֪
ٿ
ҶȸоˣΪǰξĵһƬȻĶ죬ҶȷӶȥһɽ֮С
Ŷ
ոսɽ壬ҶȾͼɽ֮УʮеӹվһţξȻ˿棬棬һһȹŮӣҶȣһͷȻҲѩɫġ
ѩ
׷Ůӣѩ٣
ξ񵭵ؿգСʦܣɣʦ㣡
ǣʦ㣡
ҶȴջطٵеӣӦѩг裬ǶһߵضҶȻŸЦݡ
ʦҶȣʦ㣡
棬ǰҶȾ򱳶Լİ׷ѩʩ

˭롭
߸ϵŵӣѩĵȻջĵЦת궯ҡ
һЦݣ̺Ųͨ
Ҫ֪ҶɵۣԪ䣬ȴܵѩӰ죬ĲᡢҶȿܾҪѩʧԼ


914 ѩջ
Ůͨ
δѩݣҶȲΪԷ̺ͨߵʧֲֹ֮꣬ȥ˵ᱻѩƣʧȥңΪгѡ
Ҷȵĺ󼹹ǣڷ
ʦãе˰ɣ
ʦξȻڣһɫѩǹмϣҶȴæ
ʦĵ
ѩǶ˵ЦЦһԵг裬ǣơǣҶǣҪȥѩ£裡
ɲǼ䣬ѩξףתҶȣһŰĵЦݣʢһҹе£ʱгʧȥƤ˾Өǹ⣬һһ˵г裬Ҷһʱ䣬Ҳⳬա
ֶŵӣѩ
ξĮѩȫ෴ģϢǰԵһ񣬾Ҫ˵Ĺ֮Уַ޶
ѩΪƺξҪǿһأԲ֮Ϊξȣһ޷͸ξ񣬶ѩȻأ̫
ŵӾǲξ״֮УڵĴڡǾɽ糬һɣֶ̾һ󱦿⣡
ѩ߸ϣʩ񣬹ã㿴˲ڽµζ
ѩתҶײƺȼһֵжʶҶȻɵѩֶ죬ؽ磬ҶȷҪúϷŪһ
֪ʲôŮȨ壬ǰ֣вͨ
ѩȻ趯೤ɴ֣Ҷһ̧ҶȾ鲻ԽվӴСʦѽȻӢˬȣһҲصĺܣǰɹ㣬ֲʦҪ£ȷţ
оǾ֣Ҳڻ
Ůˣ
ξǶõ͵ôѩøֶΣ˷䱸ʵʣȴҪһԶݵʯȹ¡
°ɣСʦܣѩҶЦǷ֣ʧʦĹػȡ
ȷйŹ֡
ҶƶվҲõξͷ漴֮£ѩ˽͸оѩ·һżΪͨ
ϢؿԪԻ꣡
ξҲٹҶȣѩǰҶʲôãɱʮ˽ӣɱѾӣҪڵŹսҲڳﻮ£˵ʱ칬ִҲ֣Ͼɱһɣһɽ䣬칬ִִ߳Ҳ˵ùȥģ
Ҷ˵ʮֵؽһ칬ִ߻ĦС£
СʦܣɲС£һԹܿһ𶯣칬ִһֹ£Ҳã칬ִߵһʤҲΪ棡
ѩȻʧ˵˵
ԭΪֻɱʮ˸һԹѡҶȹζĳ̾
½磬˼Ѷˣԭɱڿͨ칬Ĺϵ칬ִ߳Ž棬ͽ㡭
ʱξ㷢ƢǴʦ㣬һɣҶʵɲҪ¿ˣɱɱ֯ɽô֪꣬۶ٲƸЩƸͨϵ칬Ҳ⣬ɱ칬ҲһѣؼӣǳĴ󣡡
ҵǹʦûʵɱʮˣʦϫʦòʱڳΪ״ӣҪ֪ϫʦҲɵ۸߽ףʵɱʮˣʦ㣬ҪʦϾɽ磬ʮգ򡭡ɱˡ̫˽ǣ
ѩʱһ΢΢Ҷϣһץס㣬ͻȵҲ޷һɱʮϣԵɱ㣬Уö֮һͨ
Ǿ;һս
Ҷóⷬʮġ
ξʦ㣬Ҳα޵Ĳˣ״ӣ״ӪеĴ£һʲô⣬ܶӼЩֵӣῴֵģûаգʦãΪΪ
Ҷȷ·ξǻлȻᵱѩ棬㲦״ӿĿںһʵҲ
Ҷȱȭʩ»ģɱʮģлλʦ⣬ҲܹʦʦڴΪ״⣡
ѩȻֱģΪǰ㣺ģʦ㣬ҿԴʦܣȥҵĵһ𣿡
ȻȼҶȱ֮
ξ󷽵ؿҶȣȻ⣬ֱƵҶϣҵ£Ӧͬźú߶߶֮ͬ䣬ǱҪģҹܲСʦܣԸȥʦ𣿡
ʱ䣬ѩϧֵַؽ߿Ҷȣʦܡܾܾʦһ𣿡
ʦȻʢʦ᲻Ҷվ󷽡ͬʥ˾ӹӦ
ʦ㣬ʦȸǣЩʱپۣ
ѩʱվչ˵ģǶ˵ˣݸЩгһΣѩȻҶȲ֮£ǣͷϻΣҶȾҲƳ٣һг谵֮£ȻѩŻζȥ
øСʦܣ
ʧξһߣһ֪ζƵģܻѩһҵС㣬ʲô
ξһֱգ
ͨһͨӳ㣬ٶȸ죬Ҷȿ㣬ѩ֮󣬾ͽһʻʢŽ̻ԻƻʹĵС
ӭ˻ع
Ÿոճֶѣٸг衢ŮΪӣӻʹ֮зɳ֮Уһƽݣ
ʦܣɲҪŶԼһ
ѩҶȲƽݣÿһݣһг衢Ů£ǱȻʹػҪ࣬Ҫ׳ۡ
ֶΪŮΪţ
Ҳֶ죬ҶȵӾǺܴ󣬵ɽ磬ѩĵ̣ҶȲʶֶ졣
г衢Ůʵ𺳣ҵ£
빬ҶȾͼǧг衢Ů裬һʲ֪Щг衢Ů֮У󲿷ֶֶӣеģѩǿУֻū
ǧ򸣣
֮Уٸߵг衢Ů裬ڹУѩݾߵҶԱС֮ϣЩϰߡ
ѩһŮӾȶǺú÷Сʦܣ
Ҷʩʦ㣬һ޷֮ܲ𣡡
Ȼ״ӣڲӦδҲ㣬ȦŮģʦ֣Ů裬ɫ㣬УʲôѩλҶңʼ裬ɹ
ȷͦܵģҶȶЩʣ
ʦܣʦΣҪҪ˫ޡʦΪҼӣɵۣܡȻʦҲԾ۵
þ֮ѩЩΣʮִ󷽣ֺ߶˵Ҷǰ¡
ˣ˫֮ʦܻʤ⣡ҶȻƱԻǣǺѵġ
𣿡
ѩȻһݣ
ȥģʯزĲҶͻȻһ


915 
Σ
꣬
ģң
ѩʼһ֣һֵضҶ˵Ҷȸոһ£Ǻܿͱ˫ۣ·ʧȥʶ
꣬򻯣
ʱ˿̣ѩҶȳ˯ģɱЦЦ񲻶ϵر仯⣬ǲϵ򶯡
һֵѩӰΪĻӣһγɣ֮趯糽չֳջˣϵطҶȵüģһһ
ʦǸˣҪ£ҶȣʦСӣϣһв֮һҵҾؿξΪʦذ㣬Ҿ޷ȡλã
ѩϵش翵ӰϽҶԺ

Ѿ˵Ҷȣʵڴ߶Ԫ󣬱вͣЦѩҾΪߣξԼ״ӡֵӵҲɽۻֲΪʱҾͳ䵱Ӱɣ
˵仰ҶȵԪ磬ҶȾͼѩ趯¶磬ɦŪˣ͹أԲ̬ͬԪչ˵ˣǷȻ
װռ˱ˣ
Ҷҡҡͷļʯ˿ѩͬȻЦȴΪ̾һû뵽ѩһ֪ӰУ
޴ɶ㣬Ҷģͻʶ֮УʱֲָĿĳŮ֮޷ġ
ʦܣ
һ֮Ҫ˻ͷڻƵģݶҶһȻ˫ۡ
ѩһ侲̩Ȼȫ֮ǰˣҶȼæվʩ񣺡ʦĪ֣Ī֣
Ů֮£޷ֿģԹϹŴϣʦܣĪҪİ
ƺѩ֪Ҷȵ׷˺£ΪϢʩչֶͨͨΣѾҶУֲĨȥӡ
ħһߵһɣ
ѩ벻վǰͬϰˣԪ󲻶ǿ󿰱ȳֵۣ̺ķǷͨڰĴУκһԺ
οҶȵԺ֮У޼᲻ݵ񣬱˵ѩǬҲ֡
ҶȻʧ룬ͬС¹ײһ㣬֮ǰˣʦܵĲᣬʦָ㣬ʦܶɹѹأԺʦ㣬Ϊʦǽѣ
ѩг裬˫żггֱø񱭣ʢˮʳ͵ǰһȷ磬˸ŹǵĿ⣺ͬţΪһʦȻʦһҪΪ룬ǺźҪǸиʦ֣ܰҶ̷
ˣ룡
ɵŮ裬Ǵ磬̹¶磬һɳ͸г趼Ŀת
ҶձæʵŪŮһˡ
һͿξ֡ӦöҵӰӣһһؿô
ѩһĻȻʮֵ⣺ѩôԱһֱţҶȻɽӣעϧЩ²Ů޷˶ģʲôŮˣ
ʦ۹շΪ״ӣ곹շҶȣţҲһ빤ߣ
ʦܣ
ѩ֣֮ͫУȻҶͷع޿ײ룺ʦ㣬ɱʮ˵Ķ𣿡
ٺ٣ӣҾɵɵװɵ㶡Ҫúһ٣
תתȫǵ뷨һʣһεػصʦ̤ɵ۶ףŷҲǿɵ۰˽׿⣬ʦܻһǿԳ䲻⣬նɱɱʮˣ
ѩΪҶܵƣֱӵץסһ⣺Ͷȡɣܶȹɱʮһأ״Ӫ֮վסʦԲ֮Ѵ£ǿһЩԴ㣬㵽ʱ
ϣʦṩһЩԪ֮ʦܲڶ̶ʱ䣬þ޴ʦͷ͵죬ʦܣ
Ԫ֮
Ҷȣû뵽̰ھҪ۵ԪΪܴԪ֮Уȡ۵о飿ΪǸû뵽УȻǸ̰֮ˣźÿƣ
ѩȻ¶ڻѩƵЦݣԵΧЩг裬Ӷѩָһ
ಡ
⣬Χ£
лʦȫʦû
Ҷȼӣһ̰߳л
Ժû¾ʦ߶ȥɣҪ㹵ͨѩһͷҶȵ塣
ʦܶʱʦʰ
Ҷȵõô̵ģ뿪
αضһȵ۶׵ϣѴࣿ
һʮò׵ŮӣӺһһѩۣϵɫ
ž
˵λŮӣվѩߣ͵һ磬֮ϡ
ӣʱ
ǰ²ҪԳ棿ѩв״֧֣Ϊͬˣ״ӿ⣬ԶԶóǵֶΣȥǸðͷ£
ȥС󣡡
ѩȫûǸǰģһˣʮѩĸ֣ҲֶǷӣͷȡ
Ůڿԣŵίȥ
ᮡҶȡ󡭡ЩðĵӣһҪһսѩͬףеĿռ
һɣг衢Ů

Ҷȥ鷨棬鷨飬ȻǹҶʵ뼸Ľϸڡ
ǧ겻棬ҶѾǰɵʮףҶȾ͸оǿĳϢеģȻԽڣﵽϢ
ˣ
ǰ֮ϣļ¼һͷӣôͻȻ᣿
һд
Ҷ鷨ߣ֮ͨʱȻ֮⣬ĵӿʼӿһʱУ۷׷ס
󣡣
ͷǹԼˣֻһˣǾһͻȻεشķӡ
û뵽Ҳн죬ʲôʸֵӣҹУûʸ̤󣡡
ʱ
һ¡ϵɫ꣬Χۣסȥ·һƺйĵӣȺҪŲٵӵ棬ѿ
ȻһԤıľۻᣡ
ꡮһɨˣá뼥ϵسţ̫
Щɵ۵Ӹɵ߽ס˽ʵȫһڼǰֻɵ۶׵ͨӣˣʵʹǣ󣡡
ðɣ
ͻȻһЩɵ۵Ӹ֣ǿռ·Ųһ㡣
һȺɵ۵ӣĦǰӭӾĿ⣬鷨߶
󣡣
ֻһǰ
ûĦûж֣˽ԹƣʧνǷͷޡ


916 
ڣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʤˣо԰ǣˣ
󡭡Ǵˣ
һУ鷨߿ȻҲҶȿо
һ鷨ߣû˿óΪ˸ҶȴܿԲž治򵥡
ΪӦɵ߽£Ǹղʩչͨǳ۲աĿռͨõ죬Ǿڼ䣬õ˶ͻͽˣһ³Ϣ
֣
̫Źˣ
ԽԽԾ󼸰ǰһʧȥģֻɵ۶׵ͨӣôܼ䣬ӵͨϢ
˼һ󣬾Ȼ޷һͷϢأؼҶȲȥ׽Ϣ͸оֻԶϢȥжϡ
䣬ҶͫĪǴˣһܶɣǰڵֻһʬѣ
һˣһҹˣг
ã
󣬴ķӣͱͨ޻˵׷ÿ·󵭵ؽ
ǿߣ𾴡
λʦ֣ʦܷ
鷨ǰʮֿ󷽵һһʩȻҲҶȶһۣ˴˵ͷȴͻȻҶʩ֪ʦմ
ʦ֣Ҷȣű
ҶԵ񣬻ȴû˵һ䣬Ҳû˵һ䣬ǡôҶȵǺܺ棬Ǹܸߵˣһ·ûйԻΨһ鷨ߣ໥ʶ
ԭ¾Ҷʦܣʦ־ŴʦŲżǧѣͳΪϴ״ӣ󷽵һ̾ȻҶȣΪ⡣
ʦﻰʦֻǼӰˣȻλҪҪ£¾ʹ˸ǣ
Ҷʩ˶ȥ
ʦܣҵȽ߲ռ䣬֮£ֵӿˣҪӸ߼鷨ʦֲͨ
켸λͬλ鷨ߣٳһͨӵͨʣ鷨߶˽
ҶǰԼ߳ҲõеӹעϾ״ݣҪ߹ֵӣؼҶһ½磬ɱڷڵ¼Ѿŵɱڱƽ򣬶£˭֪֮ڣһ֪ߵغͬţȻɱڡ
ңǧ꣬Ҫɽɱʮ˽֣һ棡
ҶȵǲںЩֻʾ⣬һṦ뿪ռ䣬ȥ
ǵҶµķӡȥ⼸ǧ꣬纺õӡ䣬Լ纺ʵøĪ⡣
ৣ
ոսҶȾʹ߶䣬һ纺Ӿռһĺ֮ǰǿʢ֮纺ʱѹƣܾͱֶǿߣӦ
ǳ鷳
أ
ƺ޶о纺ľ˱仯ɳ˯֮Ǹ޾ɵģһµظ纺Ҷȡ
ؼû۾ǵ纺§뻳
纺ǰ޵ģҶůϯȫ纣Īǳں˺֮ģ
֮ģҶȼ
Ǿ䣬ƺҲ뺣֮Ტۣ
ҶȻ޷ȫںϾ䣬ó䲻ǽƺֻЯ֮ʱ䷨򣬾伸ûر֮
֮ȫһ뺣ƺһľɣ
κη޷ȵģ
صľ
ֻ纺һ񣬴δ纺ʩչ֮ģԭҶȻǺһ纺ûȫںϣ޷߶߶һΣҪ˯ãξǺ֮ʵǾ춯أһ߶ȻϾͷӡ
ʱҶ纺Ŵ󴸵ĺӣôȥͷ棬˱¾ǵȴڣᡣ
Ƕȣ纺һںϺ֮ģշ磬ôͿԴ߶֮ĶԸǿС
纺Ҷ򹬵ֻصҶȼ򣬿ʼ˯ˣųӤ࣬纺˵ֻںһ֣֮һ
ֲɱ˾ˡ
һ죬һ߽빬
۲Ŷ̶̼գࡢҶȡ纺ϡ
һ죬󿼺ˣֵӵĴӣֶӣϣ֤һ졣
Ѿɽ˺߻ÿռ䷨죬Ҳɲʮڵӡ
˶ˣȻֻ״ӡֵ鷨߲ʸӵλ
ȻЩֵӡ״ĶǷ塭Ϣƽһῴóǳۣ
ɽ˺㣬ҶƯƲ֮УĬĬعע״֣˸Щӡ
ôӶֻվţֻˣǿţεȵ
ҪֵӣؿΪɳһλΪ鷨㽻֣Ҫֽķӡ
ãֳͰλ鷨߳漴Ҳһط˵Ŀ֮С
׼ˣ
ȻҪʱ̣Ŀ֮£ֳˣ۲е侲
ʦܣĵһؿߣңʸڶأ
һλ˴鷨߶Уطɳɵ۸߽׵ϢòٵӶȡ
Ǻǣ
Цˣ
Сӡ
Ӧʱ
Ϸֵӡ״ӣ鷨߶ۣ
ʵ˶Ƶģ
鷨ߣӶֱۣһɹ𣬻ΪȼյһУܵĿܣʦܣУ
𣿡
˲յһƣȼ֮ϣֻȻ鷨߿ƣһ£ͬȥصײ鷨ϣķ㣬˲飬˱ȼգʹС
һУ
ʮڵӣضһƬƬ֮ͣ
ʵˡ
һЩֵӣƺô𾪣ΪǳۣóʩչֶΣѾԽɵ۵ķΧ
˷ʣĪʣ
ڿԽеڶأ
˫֣߿ȥ
ղͨ
ҶüͷĲ²⣬ûаգǲ뿼ԣȻԾƣȹһأҶһ룺Ȼܰ鷨߹˲ȥл޷Ĺַ
ܺãϣԪǿ󣬵ȹ̣ܴؾ֮ƽ
鷨ߣּһ嫵ķ磬Ϸ𽥰С
߰ɣÿģѾˣ
˵ȴʱҶȴࡢ棬纺һ˿ȤҲûУʱ뿪
಻⣺
ƽؾҹ˶ãҲǻδصƹض
ҶȻ˵ת纺ǰ棬̸ȥ
߰ɣ֣
æ뿪ЩӣĿתŷ磬ֿ
һжҶϣֺ
ʮ˸ոոҪصͺһƺڶ
žɽХ
Ȼʧܣһ㶯ҲûУֻгɹŻ漣񻰣Ϊ֮𶯡
ȷһĸ֡
վڵգҶȲڴЦЦԺվͬ߶ȵĶ֣ͬŽ棬ظ޷Ԥ֪鵮


917 ǰ
صҶȾ纺ָУ
ҶվԵգƽﶼΪˮֻľ㲻ҡԽɵ۵򣬲ϵռںϡ
ʱ磬û
ж޴ҶҲ֪
ң޷־أʱ䷨ʼһرڵҶǰ
Ǿ̫̫޷ںϾ䣬Ҫںϣʱ䷨ұˣУı䷨ں̵ܶʱ䣬ÿںԣΪߣ
һֱҶУһж
ǳںϾ䣬ߵˣͬ壬֮УˣΪߡ
ǰҪںϾ䣬ϧڻ޷ʵ֣
֮ۡһܳںϾ䣡
ҶȽֶȻн۵Դܺã֮ɱɱʮˣȻܳΪʽ״ӣʱٶ湦ýԴͲʲô⣡
Ŀǰɱʮ鷳⣬ʵԸСһ׮칬ִ֣߳ұϢֻɹ
ɹֶһžͨҶɱαԴϢʺϲ
ৡ
һɹ⣬ڴ߶֮£Ҷ˫֮Уȫ̫һطӡɹֲ֮Уɹһ̫һŲ񷷨ơ
ɹҶʩչ£Ϊ޼սԼֵͨϵչ֣ɹҶУøǿ
ҶȻһͨ칬ֶ춼޷Ӧġ
Ԫ
ϸԪǿޱȡõ磬޵ǿһһҪǿ󣬶ңԪн벻ϷչİҶȽҲһ
Ȼ֮ķǷ֮
ɹԪںϣͲһ⣬޷ֶͨǰʩչ˭֪ɽ绹δǸƻͷ֮
칬ͨڶ
칬Ѱ뽣һĴڣ϶ڳͷ֮磬Ѱ˿ѰҶȵ䡣
ԣҶҪ¶ţ
Ψһɵľ칬ܲɵ˹Ǭ۶ѹĴڣɴ۶նɱĴڣҶֻһֻСϣֻ֮£سɳ
֮УΪ
ಣ
ɹԪҶȺȻۣһƾһվͻȻɨɹ⣬һ㣬һɹĽٿһƳգޱȡ
ʬ壡
ں֮ҶȾץһڳʬ壬Ưգʬ޷ƶ֣ǳۣҲ޷⡣
Σҹҹȡ۲Ԫ֮У̺Ϊкۼ۵кۼǿ򡢽ɵ۸߽õİ취֮һ
ҶĿǰУƿҪ򣬾ҪӲͬķȡȻҶȵƣʺҶý취ðսھ֮£ҶȲܷӳǱԽҡ
ͷԪҶȽڳ۵
սҪƳʵҲһֶҵս
һط㡭
ӭ͸һ˼ķ㣬һһ㱣ţÿһ㣬ǿڡԲڵĴ󲿷ųʧò࣬ʣ¿ڵķ㣬ҲöԸ
ɹ⣡
ҶվڷǰԵöôС߶ԪɹҶ˫趯ֳ
䡫
ĳʬ壬ӭظ𶯡
ɹ⻯Ϊȭӡϵؽ㣬˿̣оضҪһ㣬ȹɽҶͣʩչɹ⹥
籩
֪ȥãҶʩչһƬĹ
һɹ㼯ɣ̺Ԫķ籩籩תȥ
䡫
Ҷ챻籩ߣƣǶôľˡ
ҶȵʵҪڶԿʵǣȴ֮⵹ǿ󳬼ΨһȼĴڡ
ԣ籩ӲʧԽ˺һһ
Լ깥ҶȲһڳ۵һʬ磬չҶǰ
Ԫ񣡡
߶Ԫ󣬾޴Ԫʼϯһ˿˿Ԫͳͳʧ𵤣տյĵ֮УкۼҲһһģԪ񻺻ڡ
պóʬ壬Ҷȱն
һʱ䣬Ժ֮У˲᷽һЩķţҲչֳϧҶ޷ҵڷкۼ
ۿʼ򣬷Ϊģںɴ۵ĴУʵҪɴ۵ĵĵ̺ڡڡڡڵкۼ
ľָĵ
һö̺ɴ۵һУ´Уѵһ£Ѿ֤ҵ
ģ˻̳Ϊɡ
ǴУ
۵Ԫкۼ̺̫֪ʶκŵķ䡭Ҷȿʼճ۵һУںϣʱ䣬Ҫﵽɵ۶׵ƿ
һ˿ͻף


ֶңԶʱգ˺ƺƵɱڵˣЩͳͳһۣٶúɴ棬Լʮˡ
ɱڣɽպɱ־ͷ
вһ·棬Բͬɡɢޣɱڸһȥ
ʱ˿̣Ҳɽ˺
Ϊɡ;ۼƺɱڹҶɱʮ˽֮£ˣҪ֤ɱδѹסֶ档
գ˸ոսһƯ磬ڽķ˸շӡǼƶʮеſ֡
ֶҲڷɳƺƵֶƣֵӡ״Ҳٷ壬ڽһ¡
иŮӣ뼸λŮһ
ǱҶһΪ״ӵϫӡ
粻ǰǸСŮӣϣǸ߹޾ǧ֮ǿƣȻ״ӣΪҪ࣬ǱһĵӣѾһ֡
ϫʦãΪιһ״ӣ
Աһλ״еӣʮֲõغߵ·ϫӵ׷ߡ
Ҷʦܣɽ磬һɱΪͬţȻҪעһ£
ϫӶ˵һЦ
ƺҲΪгĵӡ
ҶȣһС
һ
һͨӣֶһȺա
Աһλеӣļ򣺡ʦܣѹżִ꣬棬ûɣ
ǣ
ˣԭǵᮡ
ҶȽɱ֮ǰɽΪʮ˴ĵãҶȾֱӽɽ磬Ҳɽ硣
Ҷվھɽ磬Ҳ۷塣
ǧǰǣĽš
ڣǧ֮ҶȳΪǣ˹עǡ


918 ɽ磨1
ռ䣡
ѩԪ˾Ͱװ׵ҵõ
Ҷȸ֪䣬һ֮УȻ˳ͷ֮硢ؽ磬ɱڽ£ǾͲֵһᡣ
ںһڳкۼ֮ҶڣҪʼںϵѩԪ
Ԫɵ۵Ԫ
ѩȻذԪ⽻Ҷȣֻһ˿һҶȶʩչ龻֣ӴӵѩϢҪҲ׾١
ʵҲѩ⡣
ֻ֣˭Ҷӵ󲻵ͨ
ѩһŷݣ޴ҶȲ濹⣬ǣѩ̫СҶȣĴ󣬾ξΰҶ֮⣬ҶռϷ硣
ξôĻĪĴʦ㣬ҶУγԿѩĿ˵ӣȻ޷ҶȵĶ֡
˭ҶļƣһܵѩԻ࣡
ѩҲûɹһΪϵɼ
ںѩԪһɹɵϢɼֻҶڻ޷ôһ˿Ԫ׸Ӧѩĵʲô
ֻôһԪҶȽжԸѩĸ
ԪӲ٣ϧҵʹﵽɵ۶۷壬ǽˣ
ţ
ں֮ҶȺȻ͸ӦһϢӵΧķظ
Ǵʦ㣬ԭɱʮ˽Ӳ쵽ˣ
У纺֮󣬱뿪䣬Ѿ࣬һ㣬һ߳һϤϢӭ
ʦܣٶȵͦ죬ַ״ӵҲȥ
Ϥش͸ֻξ뼸ʮ鷨ߣƿնЩ鷨ߣҪ̫߳ࡣ
ΪЩ鷨߾ȻǳۣȻǷ壬ǵϢ̺˳ܣ
ڳۣҶϤˡ
ҶȴﵽɵʮףҲֻܿԲ֤ɵ۵ľ޴ࡣ
ҶϢ޶ɢһ˵ʩ񣺡ʦ㣬λʦ֣
ɱڶɱˣ㻹ס
ξŲ鷨ߣҶȾǵͷһȣȥжɡ˷ǵЦˣѾȷ칬ִҪˣ
칬ִߣ
ҶȺ󼹹Ƕ
ĴڣҪ潻ˣʵһҶȶϵϾΪ״ӣͳΪɽͷҪ˷򽻵칬ִҲ⡣
߱˵ȥ翴ƣҲ׼
ξ벻Ҷ뵽飬²ţǰʦܣȻ칬Ҫͨĵڶط
Ҷһ鷨ߣξͨξŵϴζϻ¡¼֮칬ɽܶС¶Ҫֹʣִ½磬ܵǹעҲ⣬ͥĽϻ֮󣬱칬һ·׷ɱ޽֮أǰãһǧľΧɱŸһ䣬칬Ҫȫͥ
ŶأҶȵģȻ
ǧȥ֪칬ֵֽĽΪȥ޽֮أǳ۵磬ȻҲֻг֪½
ǧ׷ɱôգ޷
һֽһסѵͨξһλõʱ޽֮أһնɱ칬һǧ𳬼ǿߣʮڵĸ֣Ľ£һڵĲ֣Ҳһȡͷˣλ籩ô궼ӹ칬׷ɱλ籩Ҳܻų
ɱһǧ𳬼ۣ
ʮڵĸ֣
һǿߣ
Ƕô˼
Ҷ鷨ߣöΪ塣
Ƕ֮ﰡ¸Ļ
ξȻһ̾ɽַһ£һֻгۣǳҲȥĴ£
ǳͷ֮磬ҳôãͺ֣ΪɽȻûдͷ֮Ĵ¼Ҷаط
³Ҫģֽס칬ѹ칬Ѻطĳͷ֮磬ȴͨʮֶθݻˣ˴뷴ߣţн򳬼ۣڵǿߣλ֮࡭
ɽҪˣҪѹסɱ棬ɶţкܴã
˵仰ξҶһۣɱڣ෴һ˿ģһǰͳ磬֮⣬ɽ˺ж٣ֶ֮ʮڵӻҪ
ξĶ̨ɱʮ˽֣û˸ҳƻʦܣĴ̨Ҫúϧ̨֮ͣϣ
ξ仰˵ֱ̫ˡ
ͣɽ磬ڴһ١
öصĳϢ
ͨظӦʱҶȸ̫ܵǿϢٳ˺֮У˷֡
ⳡ棬ȾɱҪ׳۰ٱ
ʦ㣬ȥˣҲʦߣ
ִ̨̨ҶݺĵطξǱתΪ裬˸Ӧ£Ŀ⽹£硣
ǳȥɣ׼֣
ξȻ˿棬س鷨ߵͷһȺ˷ɳ磬Щ鷨̼еӭ
ֵӡ״ֻ΢΢ʾ⡣
ϴصļ״ӣҶȣ
ļ¼
Ҷȷ磬ֶڰ˷ʼҵš
Ҷʱ򣡡
һࡢһֱעҶһһÿÿһϸ΢ǣÿһεĺ
ֶ״ӣҶȣ
ڶ棬԰˷ˣҲؼסҶȡ

һ䡢ĴЦͻȻ˰һ޴ĺӰɱһ滹żǿĺӰ
Ц֮ˣɱɱʮ֮һɱʮˡ
ɱڱصð
ǿǰʮɱӣӣٶҶʤɱʮˣҲͰһѣ
ɱڶٵˣֶӣΪҶȽŵһѺ
ҶĮȻŵȴʡ
ɱڣ˶࣬ѹסҵģҿɲǱģ

ΧϾͱһ꣡
Ҷɱڣ

ɱʮɱӣվͷɱֲеɭɭɱҪֱӰҶ˺÷顣
Ҷȣ
ɱڲɵػ֣һȺͣɱʮһ磬Ŀ罣ֻҶȣ
ӭķѣڵ֤ˣ칬ִߣ칬ΪĹ֤ˣ
ʱֶһλ鷨ֱ߳Գ۵ƣ׵صպʩ
칬ִߣ
ˣɿ񷡣
ͻͻͻ
һʥΧ칬Ӱ񷽵٣
ಣ
ţһ칬ִߣ칬칬ۣһһشʥ֮зɳԼжʮˣһɵ۸߽ףͷߣǳΪҲͨڡ
һƴص½մһ˿߹ʥˣֱӵϿգȻץסһƽն
ʣѾֶ졢ɱڵķâȫסǲǣشʱΨһ˹


919 ɽ磨2
칬ִߣ
ˣһ̶ǵıϢɵ¶Щ칬ִߣֻ칬֮еλͼģǰҲ߹Ĵڡ
һ칬ۣɽǿص칬Ǹ칬ͷķ
޷֮
ټգһ
簡ϡ
վڽ֮еҶȣ޲̰Ūֶӣǡ
𣬲֣ǣ
Ҷ˼ӿһɹһʱ޷ʱħֻ˵
ħ
޴ڣҶȥ˼ά
λִߴˣʱ򣡡
ʱһλɱʮߣɱʮһԣͶ칬ִԹ˵ڽ֮еҶȣȻ½編򣬶½Ÿ֣ǧĵУʵ½缦ȮЩ½
Ҳţɱô꣬ɽ£úܶԹص
һλʵ칬ִߣƷĵһһĪǴѹǾͿԣżȻʰһǵ棬ͲУοŹޣһ䣬ȻͻԹ
⡭
ɱһƺû뵽칬ִ߾Ȼȫվ
ʱ˶ͬ칬ִߣһЩˣ칬ִߡ
̬ͻԣÿ˶칬ִ߶вͬĿ
ɽ磬칬ִ߻ᷢһЩƣΣԵõ칬ִ߰
κֶΣ޷ǿ߷ۣ
ǳɱЩ֪ˡ
һλִߺЦֶ֪Ҷȣｻޣɱİɣ˼ֶһֶûᣬǵǴѣδʧ˰ɣ
Ȼ̨ԣҲˣ
ɱλֻܾβͻ˻Ӫ֮С
λִֵʼɣ
ಣ
һأɱʮ˾Ϣ޵ط磬һɱۡ
δ磬ɱʮ˵ɱ¾֮ձҶȣҪƤΪеĵӣѩޣ
վڽ֮еҶȣֶҡͷ̾ϢɱĳûòһȺ֪ͣ
˵ĺã
һȺ֪ҧˣ
û뵽Ҷ仰˵УˣҲ˼ɱڣ׷Ӧߺȡ
ʦܲ򵥰Σһ㣬ַ緶
ֶҪһӪ֮УɵԲŵӣǶΧֵ״ӡ鷨Χ
ֵ״ӽ٣ֵģΪֶʮˣȻһмѹ룬Ϊֶеӵʯ
УξΪףϾǴʦ㣬˵ֵӣֶеӣҪΪʦ㡣
ʱ״ӶҶȳмӡ
ξû˵ʲô룬Ǵʦ㣬ֳƣԽˡ
Ҳѿ֮Ҫúĥ㣬˵棬˭ɱڣ³
ڣɱʮ˷磬簲Ҷȶӣ˵磬߳ˣֻһ
ɱʮˣ̫ˣ
ͻȻ磬ɱʮǰʱᵹµҶȣȻ˲䣬˵һ˶𺳵ĻðɣֶҲ۸УҾ㣬ò㣬ԸԪܣ
㡭ãܺã
ɱʮ˷ͷŹɱҪˣȵɱγһɷһݣҪݣһſŵĵ˰ȻĶ
ҶָͷٴУֻҪУɲҪʧ
Ӱڤ֮⣡
ɱʮ˵ɷȻɱΪӰǹȵƯգ޴ڣÿһӰͷŵȻ˲俪ʼƽ
û뵽ɱʮˣȻֶΣΪֻɵ۰˽׶ѣȴһЩ۲еͨ
ζٴҶķɱʮʩչռƿ֮ҪƿأȻһɱ
һ̣ҶҲ֪ɱʮ˵ʵӦ֮У綼ɱʮ˵Ӱ֮ڣû汾£ֻ·һû˻ƻأξҲΪҶȶ硣
򣬻ų໥ɱ

ƺɱʮҶȵΧγɴһɱ֮⣬û˿ķ϶Ҷȥ㣬Ҳ޷
ʵַԻ֣ɱУ䲻⡭
ʵ˵ֱСҼң֮ÿԸӦʵı仯
ҶͻȻʩչԪռ䣬ʵڸӦ֮УӰ֮Уʮɱʮ˷ֻ壬ʵʵ໥ϣǳɱ֡
ʤ
͡
Ȼ䣬ƺеɱʮ˶ʵģӰ˷ɱ綼Ǵ۵Ĵɱ֮⣬͸ŷµơ
黯
ҶȶˣȻϢĻΪӰƾղ
¡
ɱʮ˷ʱѾ˲Ϣ֮ɱ޷ѹƣҶʧռ䣬пֲ鹥
һУɱʮˣ
һжʵıըҫգҶһ߳ɱʮ˵һʱ䶼δһ̽źݶضҶȡ
ԭ㲻򵥣ðɣɱ֮У
ɱֱɫʱػᶯ֡
ҶϤɱ־Уɱ֮гˣɱʮһһɰڴɱ֮У޷۽ֻлһе
򵥶ͻȻ
ɹ
µľѧɹΪһƬ˶ʷǰɵ㣬Ҷһ

ɱ֮֮ƣصشɹ֮ϣֱӰҶƳףŽͣ
Ҷû£Ҳδ顣
ɢҶȰسɱʮЦУɱʮˣĻᣬԺҲûлˡ
ûҶȾȻɹ˾ľ磡
ֶĵӣ޲𺳣ɽХ
ɹõ񰡣
̾ͬ
Ҷȣ
һ˫۾ضһУһӰܰѽ缸ͬκ˶޷ӦĴڡ
ҵϣ
ӰĽ֮С
ʦ㣬Ҫһλʦܣ
λ״ӣƺҶȵǱʵ
Ҫ״֮УҪɱʮһضˣûʸΪ֮еһԱ
ξ˪ߡ
û뵽ܱƳʩչǿһɱ
ɱʮûϢͬ˶ҶȣҲãܾû˱ʩչǿһУҵʮ˾ɱ֮£ҲɵһУ
𣿳ְɣɱڵɱ˼ɣҿɽҲǶĿȾɣҶȴһ˿Ц
ٿٿ
ɲǼ䣬ҶǰǹɱʮУϵش̳һɱ֮⣬һһ
ʱȻҲжྪˡ
Сɹȭ
Ҷûѡܿ
ǣವԭһ
ɱʮһδĹǰֳȻһ̤ɹ⻯ΪһȭҶһģ˻ƣȥ
ʹâڰɱʱ챬˫˿ʼ𶯣ɱֶ˫۷Ͻ磬ƿؽ硣


920 ״
˫۸֣ƺδ뵽˽֣ý綼ƻ˷ˣɱֶӣ˭֪ڹҫģǺֽ֡
ξȸ߲㣬Ҳð亹
ǹغֶ
һӳɰܣǣͷţ
С
ΪΣһҶ޷ֿ
Ūը˹ڣɹɱʧĹҫ֮Уɱʮ˫ֱնϣһɹ͸ǻ
ѣҶȣ
ɱʮɱ飬Աɱˣػ޵ʵΪǿ㵽ʲôֶΣȻһУҵԴѹҵԪ񣿡
ףһԶҲ޷٣Ԫе˼ͨͨҵġ
񣡡
ɱʮһδʻҶֻ˵һ仰Ȼִɹƿɱʮͷ­͵һ𣬱ͷ­£ԪɢΣҶͳͳ롣

ųսɱʮˣеĹҫʧȥ⻷֮ϣɱڼ𳬼ۼɱʮ˾ȻҶȻɱʱʹŭգҪŽڵҶȶ֡
ৣ
һ칬⣬˲Ϣ֮Щɱӣݺݵؾ֮ң
ɱںôҲǳһɽȻΪһɱӣ䲻𣿡
֮̿ϣϵһ칬ִߣ䳤Х˫̨䣬ֶӣҶȡʤնɱɱʮˣ̹ƽӴɱֶָΪάɽ簲һ
֣֣֣
ʱֶӣضɽҡĸߺⳡ֮£ɱһŰҶȻ̵ĶԹĿ⣬ؾβͣڨڨȥ
칬ִֶʾףأȻͳһ칬ʥ
ֶ컹ѹɱһﰡ
ɱɱʮˣ칬ִߣ޷ѹֶ죬ʹ͵ʴף
ֶ첻ǳһţ˲żüðûǸŮӣֶ۵Ĵӣ֮һ
߰ɣҲˣ
˷ˣҲŸĿģʧҲΣ֮𺳵ܿɢȥ
λʦܣʦã
ȥɱڲӰ칬ִҲȥ٣Ī⣬ξż鷨ߣǰĸ߿գ飺ڴҼ֤£ҶʦΪȡҫ֮âϴķּһ̣ҶʦʽΪ״һ״ӣ
ֳĵӣĽʣܰǵĿ⣬ڴӽɳ߲ȥҶϡ
Ҷʦܽϴ۵ټиԴʹͣӴˣҶʦܾǱʥ״ӣ
ξҶǵͷҶһЦﲻѣֶųգ˵һ˶ѪȵĻ
ǾǣֶҪԽӼҶȣ
˵ֶ죬ֶܼ۵ĵӣֵֻӡ״鷨ߣȻǴ󲿷ֵֵӡ鷨߶δ۱
״ǴµˣȻκεӶƣ۱ҲΪΣ״ҪֵӵλҪ߳һصԭ
״ӣǵõ۱ڷָ㣬ߵҫ
ֶ۱𡭡
ʱҶǿҵκ˶Ҫ÷һ̾ϴμֻһ죬Ҫɽ磬˽ֶ֪ۣ
ֶ죬ӶΪžǿ߶ǱĿģҶȾҪ˵룬β˷Ľʡ
ءǿֶֶۣ֧ҲÿĿеľп
ʦܣȥ״죬ʦ֪ͨԣ
ʣµ£ȻǽҶξ뼸״ӣʧ֮ͨС
ֶ죬ֽ繲ģȴ״Ӷпռ䣡
֮ͨУҶȱܵǿϵسΪ״ӣֶܵǿ߾ͷǣһһע
Īĳɾͣ
ξ뼸״ӣֶܵĸ֣ڹעţͻȻ½ӡ
½ݣһҲΪ
ҶȼֶŲ꣬ʮУŵõһΪֵӣҶȣȴںܶʱΪ״ӣҪ֪ϫҲɽй꣬ŵԳΪ״ӡ
翪
ξֽԱߵؽǰξָһ㣬һ֮ţͰС
˲䣬һɽͨĳݣͨһ֮񷣬ǳݾͷ֮ǰʮ߰ĵӣķӶ
һ״ӣ
չ涨һ״죬Ҫһͽȥʾģȥɣȥδ棡
ξͨ쳤ݣ뼸״ӣһڳݾͷȴҶȡ
ţ״ӣԼʮˣòӦΪӵų۵ޣҲξҲǰǰ³ݣվһһ֮ϣ·һʽ
ʦһʮλ״ӣǵʮλÿһ̤϶죬ʦʱҪ֮ݣȻһλλʦ֡ʦʶܵǵףָ㣡
Ҷһ֮£ͬľͷʱξׯϵƺƶֳΪʦߵλ
ֶ죡
ݣҶһðաɳļ֤ſ͸ҶżĲ̤ȥ
һΰϢˮӿҶȵꡣ
һеĻ棬ӿǰ
򣬽Ѱ龳еű뾭ĵط
УҶȶɡսаɮնɱаɮɣɹѽ𽣣Ȼ˳õѽ𽣣ɹͨһزԣԳ֣Ҳǹ˵ڶء
Ϊֶӡ
žֶһел棬ϵظ֣ÿһˣÿһ£ӿԺ
ɱÿ棬һһĳ֣
лϢʧҶȸоһΣӳֶ¿ʼУһճɹվ
һ޵ͻȻ
ͻͻ
ƽٵϢ޷ѹƵӿȼճΪҶȻۣͬ⣬ƤҲʼȼա
⡢Ҳȼա
պһȫ飬飬оʵ𣬻ع̡
û뵽ͻɵף
ӿƽȫҶڲŻعӹȥеĺۼ߳ͻɵס
ͻƣͻȻѸ٣
ôҶʲô
ֻ֪ȥȥڽϣģǴǿ޵У鵽ʵôһ
ûǿߣֻвϵУͳǿߡ
ʹҵĵģǿ٣ħĶƣᱻһ飡ǿµ
Ҷ۷ɣӿ˲
ʱһߣͬʯڽһԡ
ʦҶȣʦ֣
Ҷֳ侲ǣ֪λߣһ״ӣ˫ֺһʩ
ʦܴǴۣȻ֮ף˲еĴͻɵף
߻ۣûһ˿ϢһۣȫֵӴ󡢲
һͨߡ


921 ״ӵķɾ
ʦڶλ״ӣʦĵڶλӣѾˣֻʱڴʦ֮£յ£
Ϊ״ӣûмӣȴ޵أʯȻվһԣҶȣһž޲
λΪյ¡ڴʦξ֮µ״ӣͷҲкܳˣһơ
ʦҶȣϣʦֶָ㣡
λ״ӣҶкøС
ָ࣬չأ½ŵʦܣʦҪָһʦ־׳ˣʦղصһΪ֮ͨϵ¹¹⣬ںϣٳ壡
ʦ뿴
յ½һ֮˫ȻȻطֿһƬ¹γ¹⣬أ֮󣬿ԺܿںȻյٷһѹȻһ¡
صͨ·յµĽ𵤣Ҳһ£
ҶȾ㵲ѣյͷƣҶȼһ𵤵ͶӰͷţҶ𺳵ǣȻһλﵽڵĸ֡
ڣȫڲͬһƽ١ơ
ʦǰ׳ˣһλʦҪ㣬λʦãҪúʶһ򶼲ţŴҲ
յһ䣬ͰѲͨͳͳ룬Ȼ󵭵һЦͻΪӰˡ
һλʦ㣿
֮УУҶȳյʧķλͱȻź̤һһ׵ĳݡ
ȻҶǰһλŮ
ŮӣҲξѩ־ǵŮһλŮ
ؼһλüΪͨĸŮģƽԼʮ꣬һ£ԲͣƤЩƺڣ񣬸оһƿصơ
յ£˿ûԼϢֳڳڲͬơ
ԡ
ٸƣҶȺ͸Ӧԣһλʦʦһʵߣ
ɵۣһʦǰ޶ۣһףҲԺ᲻ΪҪ㣬Լ£ֻһССأϣܿЩ
ٸĮȻһ䲻ȵ˵һǱڵѧΪͲüʶˣɲߣ޷͸ģ޽֮أһſռͨ㵹ǿԿ
ſռͨÿռѣܿ٣Ƕ٣
ɵҲҶǷӦɲǼ䣬ʩչ۵ͨƿؿռ䣬ֻһƷɨȻγһѰѷ죬еĿռѷӿ롣
ϧʦĿǰΪ̫ͣ޷ռ֮Ҷȵɵۣ˵һʵ
Ժаģ
ɵתͷˡ
ɵۡλʦ㿴ֶ죬һټĵӣƽӹֺ֮û⣬ҲĲ֮
ʦ㣬Ǻ˼˿һר޵֮ˣȨƣ£Ӳ֮
һ϶еʿ
֪ʦ㡢ʦ֣᲻صĴڣ
Ҷȵ飬Ϸȥ
ֶʵôڵӣֵӡ鷨ߣȻȲʮ֮һɽ磬Ҳһͷοֶɽ磬칬׷һй˲֮
˼ʮݣֶ죬һصϢǰƺƯ𽥵ֳһӰ
Ҷϼݣͼһӣĳˮ޷ԶͬһǵվΧϢϢ룬һӵϢǿߡ
Ϣа
ҶȸӦϢźʩʦҶȣʦ֣
赲Ҷǰವɢ¶һаգаΪԳܵĪԿ񣬼źܾáܾãҵ׷ɱʦȣӴ˰ʦ£һа̣УڼĹˣŴ󲿷˶ǸˣԣΪĪԿ񣡡
һ¶ߡ
ĪԿ
ҶȲɶڴ˵ľ޸даħʵ;ͬ飬УΪվе۷壬̫ںԼݣ
һ;ͬ飬֮У״ӶҶʦܿǸеˣðɣԵθһΪҲҵһУһ̶ȣʵҶҵʶɹҴ٣ʺ
ĪԿһаĿ໥һץ
ʱҶȾͼһƬ֮УȻһҵĶһýһõ
ǡȻ裬һЩݻʵͨ
Ƭ񷣬ĪԿҲǰһͬϢ˿侳
ҶȾƬ֮С
ĪԿãѾﵽһֳĸ߶ȣľϴιⲼµʵ磬ֶͬ
һľ쳣ĪԿ񻹲ࡣ

ʱҶȻعĪԿݵʧҶȰ˼⣺ŷȻ򵥣ȴӵкܸߵͨ裬ҡħҲ޷ô
ܿ͸ͨӦһİˣȥ㣡ĪԿҶȵͷƾնӰ
򵥵ʦ֣
ĪԿȥҶȵǸڴ״ӣյ¡ɵۡĪԿĵչʾҶȶԳֶۣиϸ˽⡣
Ҷȼ״ӣŮУͲǰ֣һżӣҶӦȥ
ҪﵽݾͷʱҶȸܵһϤϢ
һһ˿ϵĸӦ
Ҷʦܣӭ㣡
ˬʵһʥ۵ӣ͸ƺ
Ưڰգ֮ǶŽ˿ߣͬһɣӿȥ߹󣬲ž¡յӣЩӫ⣬һҶ֮ƺ崺һЦҶʦܣӭ㣡
𣡣
Ҷû뵽еӣ˵ʢװͬӣȻֶ֮һ
о֡
ҶʦܣҴҵõͳ˵㣬ĲжţҪ֮ʱΪʦ֣Ҿݻһɵ۷һŷֻ
߸ϣȵЦչֳŵӵǣȻ䣬ҶȾͼ羪軮գһʵɱʮ˵Ĵɱ֮Ҫ򱶣Ϊÿһжͨ
ٶȿ۶޷ֱƺ޴ڣ
ʦܣٺúۣ
գۼ䣬Ͳˣѷ⻯ﵽ£
𣬴ҪξҪǿ󣬶ǹʾˡ
ҶȲмһЦΪȻҶͨԪǰһжҪֳࡣ
Ϊ״ӣֶţĿˣѩȫҶȵϡ
ʹҶȳΪ״ӣǰԶҲǵһȡ
Ҷ½λ״ӡ
ѩϫӣξ
ʱ˿̣
ʮ״ӣξҶȣһͬ״ȥһ޴Ĺڲһؿռ䡣
ÿһ״У״ޱʥĴڡ


922 ֶ
״죬ʦΨһµֽҲһϲöɣ
һص̨׾ͷ֮سǰ
զһȥ״Ưƺ֮ϣͬ峿գͷųʥ⣬Ƭգݡ
ξ޾ηû£޷ǣҲʱ
һ̣״֮ǰʮ״֮Уյ¡ɵΪףҶȱʾףأȻ׿ξ񣺡ʦ㣬ʽѾɣҵȾʹȥ
ɽֵ֮ûʲô£ͶŰɣξһ˵
ಡ
ʮ״ӻǶԷȥֻǽȥʥ״֮ǰֻʣξҶȡ
ξĬһҲ֪ʲôҶĿǰ޷뵽ģξתҶȣ״·һء
һնϵĴķƫÿһʶҶûʴɣҶȻǿóһ״죬ӦöǷһ޴ķ
Ϣʮֵس棬ƺŨؾڴˣϧҶȱҪȻһ𺳣ոͻɵףҲȱ
ʦܣӭʦɣ
ξϷ
ǣ
ҶҲ˫ֺһޱߵӷ
ٿ
ԼžشȻһ˺ѵĴ֮ʥط֮ϣһռѺۣѿľ档
ÿֲÿٶȣֶ۱򣬶ڡɽ֮ʱգһͨռ䣬ֱӴǿСǧٶȣֻСǧںϿռ䣬ȴʵǿ˺ռ䣡
һʱգֶڵʱգգ۶˺죬ǺεȵٶһĻҶȾظֶܵ۲һǿ

һŮӣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾˷֮ϡ
žòҲŰƣ䣬ÿһںڣƺڷ֮ϣо
ֶۡ
ʦ𣡡ξһ㶣ȻҲûӦ
ҶŹʩ񣺡ʦ𣡡
˳һɨҶڼֶˣò޾ףɫǣѹȺ޷пŮһ۵˼ò֮һɾ
ŮҪôҪ˰ķâֶͬʱʣҶԺ纺֮һϳ̣κ˶޷ȣ纺һǶѡ
ȻڤҲֶ۵ƣϧڤһݾ
һڲŮˡ
ͻȻҶջ⣬ˣܣֶ۸ոմϴʱƣҾȻܲǿϢΪʲôѵڡڵľۣ
ֶͷƣҶȾȻ޷ܵϢҶ޷ţǬۣҶҲǳ޷ܵǵϢ
Ҫ֪Ҷһɵۡ
ǻ޷Ӧֶ۵Ϣ
̫˼
ϳ
Ҷȳ˼ά֮ʱⲻֶ֪ۣɨһۣΪͣΪȵĵͷţǧǰڿνǴɱ䣬һˣɳΪһˣ̺ԣ֮ǰǿʢʮֹڼ䣬õܶĴؼһ㣬ڣ·ӵѪϢ
Ѫ
һԵξ֮ɫ԰ˡ
ôǿ԰ҿ߰˰ˣǰɵۣѵҲ޷ķۣ
ҶӶΪֶһֱð麹һŻæϵʦ𣬵ӵȷдõһλܴеѪԽɵ֮ӵѪ
ֶɢȥ֣ƽֲʧϽ·ֿҶܣ⼸ǧ꣬Ҳкܴɱ䣬Ϣ̺һȻ֮ܺãȻ֮ĴߣԽԽˣҲûбҪʲô㱾ߣѪѾԽܶ೬ֶۣ죬Ƕһ޶ġ
ӻкܶ·Ҫߣʲôǿеĳյʦ֣Ӿʮģ
Ҷǫ˵
ӳס䲻ųڣӵеȴǳȷҪЩʦֺúѧϰϴҸķҲûõȫǿԼ⼸ǧУɳĥң
ҶȶյֶϣҲһ˿ЦݣΣȻֶ֮δļϵţúУΪʦģǰ㴫ڷΪѰҽ۵ΪǱۣɾͰһɽδйһƽ٣
ʦǷ棬ӵȷҪ۵
һ̣Ҷȼֱ𾪵˵ΪܣƺȫֶۿһԷֻûȫξ棬ˡ
϶ӵоĴ٣ҶȿĵֶҲĵ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȷԼļƻı䣡
ԴӼֶ죬ҶľֶΪԼĻȷɽ絽ɽ磬ֶûΪҶصҶʣûаֶ쵱ʦſ
ˣֶ۾ȻŵҪΪҶѰҽ۵ԴҶȴɹʶ
Ҷ鷳ǽۣһԽۣҶȾǬ칬⡣
ȻΪΪʦĵӣӴԺҾһˣδ˭Ҳ޷ȥ㣬Ҳǻϣô
ֶ۵񣬱Ʈ죬˵仰ʱӡѰŮӸеɫضҶ˵бַֺϺϣȻֶںͬһ֮ӣΪʦҪΪ룬ڵɽ磬Ȼвٵţȴӵд󱳾ϣֶ죬һľӣ֣ɽ硣
ӶṼʦҶ¡صʩⲻǱ΢Ƕǿߣֶ۵ĵ򣬶
Ȼ֮Ϲͥǿô꣬Ҳռ٣ھʹи㣡
ֶ䣬һͳҶƮƶξ񽻴СʦܻҪĥĲȣͻƵɵʮ֮ǰȥִҪ񣬵ȻҲҪΪеʣųһΪŵӣһЩԴǽģ
ִһ⡣
ʦ𣡡
ξס⣬͹ͱ
ҶȷӦʱѾӰֶ۶֪ʲôʱ뿪صڵʱ֮С
ֶһǿߣĪ⣬ҶǶֶһģֶֶۣɽ硣
ξתʦܣҪȥֽ󣬰ʦʹͣҲصɣ鷨ѸֽѡһźܶѾյ磬ʱ䣬ҪæŽʣŷΧ֮УһҪһҪ뵳֮˼ʦ֣У
ţ޷ģʦܻ£ʦ㣬ǣ
Ҷʩ֮󣬾˲ȥ
ʦôˣ
ξ״⣬գһɻ󣺡ҵӡ֮Уδ˿һλӣΪӣҪȥѰԴ״ӣʦҲֻΪÿ˴ͨܽ𵤡ȵȡ
벻ͨþõеУʥ硣


923 ׷ɱ
뿪״죬ֽ֮⣬вŵڵȴҶȣȻҪͨϵҶ׼õ⣬򷢹ȥ
鷨߾ʹҶȽֽ磬һͨһƺ쵵졣
ӴˣֶеĽֽ磬ҶҲһԼĵǵλݵ
Ҷȿʼӡ磬ӡںϵ޴֮У纺ҲӾʱʱҶںϢ
꣬ڽһĵ
ⲢûҶϢʱ䣬½ϵĵӣֵӣֻ鷨ߣϵʾףأҶܱܲлֻܴͣ򿪵һһĵӽ
ҲҶȵѣᮣϫӣҲһЩżףأͳҲŮӵɣ޷ģȫԼֶĻʵۡ
⻿Ů裡
ѩȻҲûŹҶȣһŮ͵ŮҶȵ˴ֶ֮࣬죬㲻ۣͬȴҲߣɵۻյ־ǿߡ
ҶȰЩνġ顱ӡڵһ֮УʵЩҶȣ󲿷ֶǱʾҶȼǵĵɻҲҶȽɣҶȼûдӦҲûֱӻؾάִ档
ξȻԤϵˣΪ״ӣν߶飬޷ģһҶȣЩϰߣڽȥһжָƽҶҲֶΣݣصԾܾ
ҶæЩʱ򣬸ո纺徲ʱյξٷѣҶȵһʱ纺ڵһٷȥ
龳ֶ֪еӵģ
һ֮ͨУҶԽɸоԽֶҪ״죬ҪȥĵطǴҶȴٷ֮е֪ġ
Ϊ״ӣҶȻֶƿء
ǽ״֮У֪Ǻδڡ
ԭ龳մöɣ龳ӿˣŵӡԼ۵Ľ硣
ͬ龳һҲǹѺֶķˡһЩа֮ˡȵȣǸ֮ˣֶһĳ۸֣ɽ硢޽֮ץģ嶼С
Ȼ龳Ҳдͬĵط
龳֮дڵǿߣܡնɱп˵ĵӣԶؽ𽣣񣬻л뿪ǿߣԶҲ޷ȥ໥ɱҪһ㣬ǿնɱȥĵӡ
ԣֶÿĵɵĵط
ֶڴ´ͨڵӽȥ֮ǰһԪӡǣһڴת޵Ļᡣ
ǣò׾У˭УŰתޣҲо޴ɾ͡
ڱһľɢ
дʦϢСĪԿĪʦֵϢ
һо֮ٷͷٷ磬һ龳ࡢҪ޴ٱӡñһС͵
ǺܶŵּɵĴ
ڲӵǿߵкۼԼǵķֶѹʱûȡǵı뷨ԵնɱǣܻǵһС
ؼܵõʹͣ
ʦˣ
ĪԿξƯڴϿգһ޴ķ֮ǰҶȵĪԿξͬʱת
ʦ㣬ʦ֣
Ҷ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰ
ξĵٻΪǧ֮ɽ罻ᣡ
ɽ罻᣿Ҷȵۣɽ罻Ļ⣬ֶܶӣھۼͬ飬ȥμӴᡣ
ϴûü״ӣҪЩϫӱμδᣬչʶ̨
ξĵؽ͵ѡʮλŵӣΪǳ֮£μɽ罻ᣬϫӻĪʦܣһʮ˽ǧ꣬һǧ꣬ǵõܴջ񣡡
Ҷüͷһ壺μӣ
ĪԿǰһҶߣȻһаȴûǷײУʮֿҶȼͬʦСʦܣ״ӣҲδﵽ۾磬ʸȥμӴᣬ˼úõڴһչ۷磬Ϊ⣬صһ㳤ʶ̨ɽ罻Ϲͥ죬ɽеа칬Ҳ䵱֤ߣڴ۵ĵӣܵõϹͥ
Ϲͥô
ϹͥһЩɽţܶˣõǵĶݣܶѵͥУɽ罻һܺǫ̃ԼʶǿߣһЩԶŵͥǿߣ
лʦָɽ罻һμӣϣڴ֮ǰԼȥһ񣬶˵һոճΪ״ӣҪһͣסܶ֮УȫòűҲſԾطԼǱ
ʦܹȻǡ
ĪԿһ̾ɳȷǾԼĥ񿴺һţȻξƺΪҶ˵
Ȼִˣ²һ±ɣҪɽ֮ǰϻţֱȥٰ֮أĪʦ֣ǻ󣡡
ξȲ䣬һ࣬ҶȲʦǴʦ㣬ϣκΥİš
ڶ״ӣгȨѹ˵ʱ
ȻҪִ񣬸պյϢһͽӰɱŲٵӣͶħ£ȥɱȡͷ֮Ѳӵʡ
Ȼ֮䣬ξƺûԶȻĮȻش漴һӴһշ
৵һջһ档
ɼξΪҶȲİŶŭδ
ƢԻô׽
ѲŮˣ
һץƣҶ飬ɼжͣҶȵǲںЩ֮̽У˽ϸڡ
һ֪ԭͽӣ治򵥣һеġߡӵпƷϵͨ
ٶȻͨԴͨߣҶȾͶʮֹעȻȲͨߣҲһʣÿƷͨӰȥ١
ɵۣʮǰֶ죬ǰɱһλֵӣȡһӶȥħ£Ŷ׷ɱϧ޷նɱ
ɨڵϢҶȱϸڡ
ɵۣ
ߣ
ɶնɱ޹գ
һߣ취ΪΪʣ򵥿ݵģʽɳȥһͷҲһ޷ɵ񣬶˵ֱ绢
ǰãŰĪȻһͨߣְ³ں۵ѪΪһǿߡ
һնɱɵۣҶߣȻȻֻһӵʵľš
һ룬ͻѪȣ


924 ħȴ½
һΣһҪõһʣ
ɵۡ
ҶڷѰϢǾɵڵλãһҶȾ̾ħȴ½
ħȣ
ħ֮Уɽħһǿħɽ磬ʵħȻֶ֮ϣʥɽ࣬һްԵħ
һħȣǬͷ֮ʲô֮⣬Ҷ뵽һˣһĺ췢꣬ھɱ޶ħһֵͬħţʱʵӦԶ޶ħ֮ϡ
ǲħ
ɽ˵ܴ˵СҲСû뵽Ŀĵأħȴ½ħûл㽻֣֪ûлᣡ
ħڣϧħȡ
ѷպã뵽ħԺˣĬһҶȱ뿪ص
纺һҶȾʹ߶Сǧ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɽ硣
ʥȻûʲô仯󲿷˶ڹ֮УںҶµĳӣ塢ĪȻһѾ뿪ɽĥ³Ҳȥ
ˣ
֮Уɾŷ顢ʥʮ˴ӵ
ɾǰôһڳɵӣ㽻Увٵĵҩ
ҶȴһӡɾУһ֮󣬱Ŷʮ뿪ɽ硣
ˣǶѪȴϡ٣ҪɺܶѪҺֱʳѪݵķ
СǧγɵĽ֮УҶȵʮˣɽգɽȥ
֮УҶȲϵ˽ڱ仯õӡУһһҶȡ
УҶ˽⵽һµѪ
ԭ壬ȻʥģҲµĴڣսҲ̺ѪҺɣΪԼṩǿѪҶȵĶᣬҲ֮ͬֻմѪҺѡ
ҶȴʲôΪ
ʥҶ࣬ŷ˵ֵ꣬ǵӡʼѣǵսͨϵɱյ˵ѪҺҵسɳǲУͣսսǿңˣǵ
ãӴԺһͬսɣ
治ľ壬ս겻ѣҶϲо壬ӵϣǿսʲôս嶷ңʲôκεս񣬶޷ȡ
δĳһ죬һǿս
ʱֹĺڰд
ħȴ½ɽһҪ򱶵Ĺؽ綼ħȿơ
½ÿһ࣬ħȵˡ
ħжǿ
Թаħ壬ĵˣħΪħȾħڵмɽħڲħ֮С
һɵʮʿҪɽȥħȴ½ҲҪ꣬һ𳬼ۣҲҪꡣ
ӵдǧͼҶ˵߶СǧԼʮܸϵʺҶִУɵǷߣٶܱ֮ȣҶӵСǧպܿƷߡ
ܿ죬СǧĽɶһƬڰʱ֮С
綼ħһƬħ磡
ɲǼ䣬һʥķâڰգҶ뷽顢ʥȾһںѹѹ磬ǰһ磬죬ʱʱϸϸߣ߶ħ
ﲻɽ磬ħ磬ֻʮ֮һŲ㶼ʿԿơеħ
ʿ棬ҪУţ࣬ħѹϢʿղΪֺԽ
ɵħȴ½ıһΪħ硯֮Сߣ
Ҷٴδ򿪷˶һ飬ȻŶʮˣȥ
Լ֮
˾ͽһƬ΢΢ͬǿħ磬ħ磬ħȴ½һϵħ硣
Ҷӵ̫һκħסҶȵǰħ磬޷ӦҶȵĲ֮ͬ˿ħΪҲı
ħϢħ硣
ħһĳǳأ޴ħħ֮Уӿ֮УҶȸܵµĳϢ޷ֱǿϢħȻԪ֮С
оȫ̵ܽĵ֮УֻҪз紵ݶЩħַ֣Ҷȳܣûѡ
ˣ˹ħ磬Ѱɵټ
ʥüʵʱǵ˲࣬ߡ
Ÿҵķ֮Уɵ۵ֶıӡǣ޴ħ磬һɽħ֮һһɣħרħƷϢܶħˣħɵУɽ磬ҲͨħѰħʣ
һɽ֪֮ǰҾŹżѰҹħϣɵ۳ħȴ½ϢҲֶӴͨħġ
Ҷһе˵
ϧΪ޷ﵽۣ߶龻֣Ӧɵ۲ڻ¡ãҶһο
ಡ
Ҷ˲䳯ħȥ
Ƶɽ֮ϣһ޴ħħȸֽɣһħȵӣڳҲв٣һħһƬƬǳأһ
Ȼ
ħ˿ڶ࣬ÿһǳأ޷࣬Ǵɵɵ֮ľ磬Щ࣬ˣͬһɽ磬ھɽ磬ԳӵдɡɵΪ
ɽ籾ԴˣҲԭס
ҶǷߣ
ɽ磬ūƽǱԴƲģɽ˵磬ֻ߶ѡ
ƺħһȥ
죬·һħǣڻ첻ˣããİ֮УѰҵһܴħǡ
ħȴ½ɽ̫ңԶһ̤ģԹħȴ½ŵͼм¼ħǡûм¼ġ
ħǣûܵʣǽħʯ
һ㣬ɽ粻ͬɽ磬ȥҪ·ѣγһǱĬʶ෴ħȴ½ɵ磬ҶȻƬ̲ϰߡ
ħǹܴҸ̵꣬һϸħȴ½ͼ
ڽֵ֮ϣ֪ħҲǺܷˮ̷ӦӲϾ
ħҪɽܶࡣ
ħ࣬ŶͨĲɼ£ʮֳһħ࣬ħûУϸϸһ֪ħ磬ֻħȵӲſԣҷħʮֵ档
ֻ˵ħԶɽ֮£Բɷ
ˣԱһ̵꣡
Լת˰죬ħ룬ʥȻָҷһħ˵
Ƭ̣
Ҷȶ䣬̫ħһˣ鷳ˣҶһ˳ħȥ
Լһ㹦ҶȾض顣
ħͼϸħÿһֲ㣬Ϸһħߣ
һȲҶȣͷӿĽֵ


925 ͼɽ
һ󹦷ҶȾһɫ멣źƱߣƽһħ֮ǰ
ڷ顢ʥȾˣѾھ֮С
ħ֮УһѪ飬ħɫ֣ѪͬѪɫĺչ֮Ưţ֡
Ǵͨɣ
Ҷȿķħ׵ˣﲻδħҶȾ͸ܵһɹǿϢУѹħħ磬ħͷᷢᷨɱѪ
ҶȽħǰһ߶ȵ磬һһ㣬ٴͨͨͬĿռ䡣
ɽ糬һַͨڲࡣ
Ҷһ̨˽ϣҶԷ˵ħṩκʧҪɵ۵ϣжһУҪʯȻҲõóһЩɳ
ɳ
̨ǰһλɳƵˣ΢΢һ࿴ҶȼۣռκյϣֻҪħȴ½㻹ҪṩһЩɵ۵Ļϣ
򵥣
΢΢һڷͷһӡҶֱһӣķɳˡ
˵õӡ֮ϸһ飬һΣһʮħ
ҶҲǵһμһЩϢصΣȻϴڸ漴պ÷ӡһָͷҪʮʥƷʯΪŽ𣬻ʮɳ
ɳ
һη֣һǳ֮ķӡƮ̨
Ǽг֮ˣģ죬һ磬ܿһ𰸣
˵õɳԸһħŮҶȥһռϢȺ̨󷽽֮С
ħŮǷ̵ʮܵӲҶҪʲôʲô뾡취Ҷ⡣
ҶǲᱻħȻŮˣסģܶˣһСģͻᱻֲѩʵһаκˣһзǷ֮룬ǵĲᣬҪֲ
Զǣűߡ
ˣóɳһħŵӣ֪ħȵˣɽħڵħ
һħŮƺҶܱɫסֱҶϣһ§ҶȣһֻֻزŪҶȺڷ
ҶûֹǷʵһش֮ǰҪȸңħʲô·
ħŮ欵ŤˣҧŷᴽݺĵǺǣʲô£Ϊɽ罻ᣬħڱ棬ЩˣҪΪħȵĴ
ҶȺȻǿ˵ħڣ
ħڣħ̫ˣħֲ̳ħȴ½ū֪ˣҿħȴ½˽⣬ū㡭
ŮӺȻͦǸ߸ߵ壬˫ͫ˸ǵľ⡣
ССԻϷߣ
ֻһ㣬ħŮ˿޷ָĺ󱳣һպû˯ϡ
ɵ߽ףΪǲϧаֶζûãҪһ𣬿²֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͱͼƺ˰ɣ
ƳһħŮӣһݣмЦЩħŮӣǾ޵òĳȴȶЫ
ҶȼƷħƣھΧһһ
Ȼ±ӣƿλӣ뷿䣬˯ȥŮӣҡҡͷҶȱȭʾǸ⣺˼Ź治ϣЩˣƫţºֶΣ
߰˷ûСͣһãҶ֪ⷬ˼˶ղħŮʲôȻҶȻҪ
Ҷ̯ģһ˸ħ棺£Ҫҵɵۣǧǰ̤ħȴ½ҲһڱѰҹ䣬һж֮С
ħµȷͨ¼ʶˣǰʯ
ӴץһӡȽˣԷҲڵһʱ䣬ҶȣɲǼ䶼˿֮ͬʱصͷ
Ҷȱ뿪ħû˹̸ཻ
뿪ħһƼңҸʼ⿪ӡֻҪ֪ɵ䣬ôͼ򵥶ˡ
ɱˡ
ֺϷ
ڴѶϢͬ籩ҶȴԣɲǼ䣬·һ֡аɭɭ˳Ҷǰ
ħȻֶΣ˾ϸذɵģ
ųԺӣҶȲɾ۾Ŀ꣬ɵۡ
һֺ룬ͷ߸ӥһ˫ü˹Ŀֳͫ״ʮֵ⡣
Ŷɵ۵һ¼ͨ龳һ㿼ˣżţ֪Ƿߣ֪ΪΣɱ˲ͬţɱԽ߲ٵıӴң⣡
˲ʮףնɱɵ׵ʵ⼸꣬ͻɵʮ״ԲˣҲпȳ۵ֶΣϷʣһһ㳬ۻû취
ҶݣһŶɵ۵ļ¼ǶĿ˴˽⣬ҪԸɵۣ±Ҫѡ
ɵͶһħ£λħΪϹơΪǳֲﵽԲֱڡ
Ϲ־֣Ҷһж޷⣬ֻķݣȻҶҪͻƳۣһָ
ϧǳֻۣǳ۽һֻ
úãͼɽԭϹһħ˫޵¡
ڣѶϢ֮УҵɵϹпڵĵطͼɽħʮ룬λϷһԭʼħ֮С
һ׼ãҶ뿪¥֮أ߶Сǧֱͼɽһȥ
Ҫʮ꣬СǧֻҪ
ޱ޼ʵһɽͼɽ
գ۹򣬴Ӻڿ߳Ҷȣǰһľ޴ڷɽƬϵħ磬ħȫ磬Ƭħ磬Ϣܹϣʺͨס
龻֡
̼䣬߶龻֣ɵ۵ıӡǣںУһʥҶȵԪתͼɽ
ˡ
ҶһݣͫĿ⣬𶯣ɢɼԴжô
ɵ۲򵥰Ȼ˵ͨû龻ִ߶£ŷϢ
𶯵ȥҶͷһĸӦϢͼɽȷͼɽͼɽ򵥣۵Ϣһһ·ÿһƬɽ೬ۣ
ͼɽһħۼ̡
ĳ˵ĵ
ɶôùʦǼһõ˱ƶǳūʦҲΪ˲мϹ˫ۣ
ȻһȺħ֣һɵ۸߽ףӽۣǴͼɽɳƺ̧ʲô塣
ΪԣȫҵĶ֣ϰ취䲻⣬ˡɵǧ꣬ؼһϹƣڵĴܣЩС϶֪
һ˴ͼɽɳб˼ƻߺöԸֺÿƣͶʯ·
ҶʹֶΡ


926 ͻ
һ۵糸ҶȾϢȺ֮У
λֵܣʦֱʦ֣ǵ˿ʬҰأΪҰ֮ʳʩչ𡭡
һտçԭ֮ϣ׼ҪһʬҰ˿ʬ弸ۣΧʬ壬ͷһ
ʬ
ٿ
ڴʱʮڿռ䣬Ȼر֮УҲһһʧɽѹ£ÿ˲
ô£
һħʿ޷ͻأ仯ɽ磬˲磬ɵۣҲջӳȥ
磿
֪λǰ뿴ħϵͽǰ

ħͷǶѰɵ̴ۣӻа޷ܵı飬һһع£ſһ˵գģ
ħ磬թɱѪһƿ֮£ֻ·һ﷨ǲһ
ҶϢ޴ڣĹҲԣԪӸһһֲԪ󣬳ҿƣ򡭡Ǳʧȥŵ壡
ৡ
Ԫʱ䣬֮з硣
ǣǣǣ
ħͷħͷΪ棬ֱӣҺܿԪƯҶƮ졢ϵӰ
ܺãܺá
ħͷ𺳻ˡ
ԭɽյ֮󣬸κεʣҲ֪ʲôطͻȻ绯Ϊԭ㾫⣬ħͷͲ˼طֻ֣ص֮ǰʧĻҰգƺ˸Ρ
ֻǵǰվһˣһɱҶȡ

Ȼ֮䣬ʮħͷȻԼͬħ˵ɱ¾ѪȣʲôԪֲ˵ͷͬʱҶϯͷǿĹֶΣħɽ罣ޡ֣
Сˡ㼿ۣ
ҶͻȻһ£һȦЦͫһĨԪ֮⣡
Ԫֻ֮Ȼһʮħͷ˲Ȼֹ޷ǰһ¶޿ܡ
ΪǱҶǿԪӡǣԵѹסԪҶҪǹ£Ͳվš
Եƿأ
Щϡ㻹ǳ䵱ɲһ磡
͡
ֻһڰħͷƣʹɢҲһ̣վһӰʮħͷһſͷ­ͱӰժͷ­ƣٿٿ£
Ϊһͷ
Щͷ֮ħѪ˿ں͵ؼɢ˲
֮˻žû壬һ򲻶ˣΪΡ
ӣȴɢ޾ڰҶʱʼ磺һҪۼ
ħҾ֪ʱʱ̿ҵΧңѰҵ©Ϊɱˣҵʶ֮УֲħЩħͷɱɱν
ħȻظԼ
ҶȻһνǿҵظܵħɱһħͷ֮ħʶϢȻǿһ֡
ħڰҶȣ

ڰҶȣȹѹأʵֶͨΣҪҶǱʶ֮У϶ĴڼֵֻҪҶ뷨ͻڤڤ֮γվͻᱻħһʳҡ
סҰ㣬ǰңһ䣬Ҳʧħһյʧˡ
ȡңң
Ȼһֱһں멹סʬ壬΢
ʬķӦҶȴû˿⣬ӵʮٵϾѪؿƣ͸Ӧʬ壬һԪ
ҶʬǰƾͰѴ˺ѣ¶һѪģʬ壬ҶȵһЦ֪㻹һı֮Уϧı˶ߣŲסã
ʬеصҲģҪҵıϹҵ˫ۣǲװб᣿Ҫܰңҿ԰ΪͼɽĴħ֮һħϵĵӣϣһ׵ķǵõܱ
Ŷ
⵹Ҷ˷ܡһֻʬ壬ħͷǱͼɽѰɵۣû뵽лĻᡣ
⸱أƭ㣿ðɣҿԸ㣬ħڼǰõһϵЩһֱҪ֮󣬳ΪͼɽߣϧԲΪҪǼҲףͶһĹؼʱڣֻҪɱ˴ʦ֣͵Ϯħϣ
ǲиʣħҲкܳ£ʦµ֣
ʦʦһЦˣǵӣӴʦֶҳ֣
Ǽɼ
Ȼ
ʬɭɭЦħϵħȴ½һħĹ֮ǱʱӹϵֵһǷǸܣһοһҼħʱȻħһʮƷײó飡
ο
ҶȲضˣ˵İڵͼǼа񵶣ؽ磬Ҳջƶ
Ȼ뺣֮Ѿͨ
޷ݵҶȴδһԼĿȻҶһֵĸоοһǷ
ӵҶ˵ֶһҲȱ÷칭ҲãһһҶҲӵһʺԼսס
˾䣬κη᲻Ȥ
뵽ҶȹϵصͷӦãӴҾǺϵ㱨ѩޣҵõһڵĳۣұҪԪ񣡡
ʬضһ£˿ڻѪԾңһָ𣿡
԰ָ˫۸ھ綾ң㻹ԺܿͻָȻΣ
ʼɣ
Ԫӡǣ
˵֮䣬ҶȾʬָ֣ץʬͷ­֮ϣһԪӡǾͽԺ
˻˻
ţһɹɰɫĶҺʬ˫֮ͫУϵƮҶģһֳ̾ߡ
ȷǲĶҺֲһ𳬼ۣ޷
ҺģҪӿҶȵѪϸϧҺôҶȾѪĶ֣һ棬ͱ̺ѪԼ̫һ˲ںϡ
ҶȰɶҺϢ֮Уһħͷ
û뵽ħǼһʦֵƾ綾Ҳܱҽһ£ħϵĶӣͻ᪣
ʬ𺳵̾
ʲôúҵõٰնɱһˣҿΪħ֮оҲ⣡
ǿҵĳɹܾԽߣðɣҸһ֮㲻ܿٻָں̵ܶʱ䣬ԲֻҪ֮
ںϣ
Ķ֮ҶȵתȻǵһ̣ȴԵʥ
֮
ͻ᪽
ҿԸҲܸδ㲻Ҫģܸ㣬ҲȻܻ㣬úúںϰɣ֮
һָץסͻͷ­֮ӿͷͻ忪ʼֹͣѪ˿ھȻʼںϣΧħҲҶȿƣԴԴӿͻڡ
ҶȻʮͷ֮Ҳһһֲͻڡ
ͻȫҶȿƣһŹغغҪӣȻԽԽˡ


927 һ
ҶܰͻúãԷӳնɱھͷռ
һ̣õҶȸ治İͻѪѾƤǱݵҲ˫ͫҲʼ
˼漣
˾˵ҪǶ֮ԼҶṩ֮⣬ǾͻǱ
һڳۣΪɾͬԽɵ۰ٱָȻ޷
ͻȫָʱ֪ǹȥʮ꣡
ԭͻ᪻ħ֮УһѵõӣԼʮ꣬棬Ҳʳڡ
˵еĶ֮Ȼ桭һҪˣ֮ȴóۣ
ͻ᪴߶ħΪһɫ£ƽ״̬һԾ𣬿ҶȻ߳һͷ壬ַɺһ󣬲ͣҶʩͻǷһ飡
ҶȵصҺȻȫ㣬Ҫһˣ֪Ϲƣ
ϹƣͼɽĴħ̫桯˫޵£ͼɽҲ˽֪ħҲɵ˼֣
ͻᪿͼɽһָɽ磺ͼɽĴħһֱΪͼɽϧĴħʵ£̫ΨһһλŮӣʵȻħʮǰ֪Ӻδһ֣˾ϹƣϹʵǿ󣬵ҲħֵĶ֣ô꣬ͼɽķ¡
ͼɽƣôͻ᪼仰ҶԺֳҶʣ֪ϹƴһΪɵ۵ˣ
˵ȴûϹͼɽĴ󣬶ħ磬ҲһһԲΪݺħ磬Ŵ޽֮أкĽʣԷ̫õΪ£ħҲöֻ֣Ϲδ޽֮ػʲôرҪ̫ںϣšҪ޽֮ؽڣ
ڡھɽδֹĴڣħȴ½ǿҲǺܶ࣬ͬħϡ̫ھͷһӵΪħҲҪ֣Ƿ̫ڣȻħҲֻ·һħЩ꣬ڷں
ڣܰɣһؿڣ֪סٵĳۣúãǾʹħ֣㱨Ҷȡ
Ҷһݣһƿ磺Ȼ㻹ҪնɱһˣϹߵɵۣ
ɵۣŴ˻ǳۣԸͨҶ޷ȼ磬Ҫɱˣ׾𣿡ͻɻѣƺڲ룬Ҷȵ
˲򵥣ɵۣ߲ǻϹôһͷԣðңɱ˴ˣǾȥħϵ̣ڼúıһʦ֣
⣬´·ߣ
ͻȷӶһ˲֮䣬ҶҲȥ
ͼɽʮ־޴ɽȴһƬɽΪĴ½Լħ֮һ
ɽʮֹϣδޣ̾ɽ´֮УҲгʵޣϧͳͳĴħƿأħ޵ǿߣħ֮Уӵʵ۰ߵλ
ӵһ
Բֶ죬յ¡ɵۡĪԿξĴڣɽͳΪħ磬ħͷϲŻΪ̾һħĲͬ
ȻЩڳۣлǴ޽֮أԼ磬ɽ粻֮޽֮أڡѹȣ޽֮ȥֻܶڷΪ𣬳䵱֣ɽ޽֮УһڣسΪ޽֮ؾͷ
ʱ޽֮ؽ⣬ɽ磬һްԵҲ⡣
￪ʼħɽħϵΧССޣƣ£ʮӣ˴ʦ֣滹вɫɫʦܣʦãҾȻΪʸ֮ģ
һƬƵɽǰ
ͻҶȴһɹϢɽԿһЩħƺɽ֮ۡ
Ȼħ磬Ͷթ硭
˿Ҷϣֳɱ֮𣺡һȥݷЩͽһշǣ˳߲
ǶҲʣֺαض֮ͬ飡ͻͫһͬ취óһöƣҶȷǲ׳ħɽ
ûãһûãȥŮūأûӣ򲻵֪
һɽ֮ϣһɽ꣬ȻƣһܴĶڶվ
ڣȴɽĻߣǽΪݳ޵Ĺ
֮ϣƯһ󶦣֮ڣȻһӣͬλһ˿ҵħŮӣӳϣͷħ⣬ħŮڡ
˫ޣ
ӰӸڶѪ֮У·룬ΨΨŵŵƻĸ֣ǰŭȥң
ǣʦ֣
˸Ͻߡ
ٺ٣ҵħǾԪ֮ǵΪҲкܴɣ
ڣһˡ
˲§סһŮӣͣŶԷĹ⻬һͷǣʱסŮ֮ħ⣬аħ
ħǺ࣬ŮӲһ
ҵʦܣճŮɫ˫ΪʵҲʦ֣ǿģѾӵڽӽ۷ʵ
֮⣬ħʿѱƷʱڴ˫۾˻˻ضǰǴͼ
ȻֻгԲǳҲо޴Ĳ࣬ΪԽʵԽǿ
һ˵һסҲ׶ˣ͵Ϯڰ㣬ĿǰΪӦÿȫѹס
˸ϴʦַҧһڡħ죬ʵϣ
˵֮ˣȻһΣ˾ͻΪħǴ󶦷ȥ
ꡫ
֮ڣⲫѪˮһѪ
ʦܡ
ȻͻƵģԱߡ
ʦ֣
ͻ飬мⲫľֲħԭһѪˮΪ綾ֱͻ᪡
Ϊһı
ͻ᪱ײУָӭѪɫˮֱӻΪƷ磬ѪɫɢȥȻڴ֮ϣŮӣ飬ѪˮС
ҲһѪ˼ģʦ֣һжᣬʦֱҵģ
ģǲɱģ
һôݺңҾԱ֮ʩ
ͻָͻȻŨԳ۵ƿƿأԷѹ÷顣
һ𳬼ۣռѹѹˡ
ײ
һƽ⣬˹ӵĺԣ̼䣬ѱҶơ
Ǹ߹ˣͽһôʰȻֵ㱻ƶĻ棡
ҶЦ߳ա
ٺ٣ָоһٴΣҲԸ⣬Ŀ㡣
ʦ֣ʦܸԸһ
ӣͻ᪲ͣͷ
߰ɣ
Ҷͻ᪳ȥûһɫףæƨ˺档


928 ɱ
Լ¹ȥһ죬һħ֮У
ʦ֣Ϲ۾˴ʦֹƻ֮ԣǻԶظʦ֣κѴʦնɱ
ʮħϵͽܣ֮ˣһɲʵˣҲҪڹ֮ϵͻ᪣ϹϾ
ͻѾԿǣ
ͻ᪵ȷʦ֮ˣŭǶͬţҲǱĴʦ֣ǰ£ѳΪȥֻҪңնɱʦ֣ҾͻΪǽ⿪Ԫƣͬʱʦеıһƽ֣ʦɽںΪҾǴʦ֣
ʦ޵Уʦ
ʦܴʱˣͻ¹ߺһһ飡
Щħͽ֮Уֻͻʦǳۣһʦ֣֣統ʦʦһһһˣ϶˵ĵ֡
ܺã
ͻ᪹ĹƣǶʦܣȻǽͷݣһ֣ھͰᣬôʦ˵һû֣ٺ٣ǿҪã
ߣ
˿ʼɢ뿪˿ʼħ֮УᣬħŮʼ֣ʳҲϵسֳ
ɱɵһأǱܿϹͷֻҪҵõħеӴ˱볬濹⣡
֮УҶУעͻһһ˵Ԫ񲨶һйթ߶Ԫӡǣ˲Ԫ
ҶһֱڰȴῪʼ
ʱؽ磬ô೬۽£Ҷȶܴݵؼͦڵɾ֣һڣɾĲʮǧǾС޴ࡣ
ɾ϶ʬ壬޷ƣһþ޴ԴҪúãһʴƸ
֮УҶһֱ˫棬Χһһ
ôȥ
ʱŮƣǧħϵͽϵƼʦᣬͻȻڰҶһ

һλʱһֿ񡢰ԵЦӵ⴫ʱͳͳվӭˡ
û뵽ͻҰϴôĥûаɱȻܻ鷳
һʢװӵ£һͷɢˣسǰ˿Ҳʮ㣬֮ĸͷӭʦҲΨΨŵŵ
˾˹£Ϸ֮ϡ
ʵȷʦܣǿһأڣȫĶ֣ȴҲܴ⣬ԸɲԸǸûӵʦܣѾһʬ⣬¹󻹻
֮УκһĻҶͻᪿһҶȾͿͻ˵
ͻ᪵ͷΪһ£ħڱչ֮У֮£֪ҲܣУЩӶһӣãҿɱ˴ʦ֣Ȼ󡭡ȡҾˣ
ȻҪȡͱҪɱħϣڣɱĿԣҸ߳ܶ࣬ҺԶҲ벻ĵˣжô£ǧҪѴʦƻĿȫǣһдô
ã
ͻ᪺ܲף۽ɻ֪ҶҪʦʬʲôҲҶȵӶѣҲûʡ
Ⱥȣ
ѾһƬáȻЩͨͽ֪ⳡᣬǴɱ
ǰʮ֣ʦΪʦۡ
ѽͻᪿо嶯˱ʦڵľ綾Ϊǿ綾⣬ܳ
߸ϵĴʦ֣ȵһ룬Ȼüͷһ壬аؿʦܣȻҪʳͻ
ʦͷһٺ٣ʦ֣ǻȺȺãȻʦһӣǿһ֮
ŶҲҲպҪöӣȱ֮Ѫʦָ뵽Եǣһ˵ĲֶΡ

֮УŴʦְѼƺȥҶȹЦ˫ֺһһаϢͷųȥ
ಣ
ͻһȥ
ţơ
䣡
ʦһ֣Ȼ֮䣬ͷһɹɺ̣ɲǼоƱһһأ˵ײơ
ʦ֣ⳡǲǺϤ
ͻƵĮ֮޼᲻ݵЩ˵ࣺʦ֣Ҳн죡
ͻ᪣ȻҲ¶ֶΡ
ʦʹؿƤħƣã˲䱬Եʦ𿪣ͷһԲεѪ󴣬ڶ
ң͵ģµĶҲζ˰ɣſ£
ɲǼ䣬ͻ޴Ӻڰ֮˳һɾԵ׿ռͷųѹʦ֣ڰűħײħʦ֡
ʦֿȫƣ˾Ȼ𶯿ռ䣬ۼһȼյĶͻ淴֣Ϊ£ôʱ䣬㲻ָܻȫʢʵҲĴڣ綾κβң·㲻ߣƫұٴ·
𣿡
ͻͻȻ
ʦײʱħ˲ȼնѹȥΪһħʦַţ˹ȥ
͡
ʦĿɿڴһУѾ޷
һУȻֲͻһС
Ϊֻ죡
ͻɿ֣ûнʦǿ·һȺͱʵ𺳵һȺľͽְˣȡǣ
ǣʦ֣
ʦܴͷʼʮĥĸ֣һնɱ˺飬ʣǧˣһҲȥ
һʱ䣬Ѫɡ
ʦܣɱң
һ£ɱʦҲֿ־֮ɫʦصˣɱҡʦĲ㣡
ͻ᪷쳣侲֮ǰһϢŭɢƵģû˵Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣬ʦҲʧȥһӶѣеӣѵû𣿡
һ𳬼ۡ
ҶȵŽ١
˭
Ȼ˴ڣʦһ

һֻ֣պȻſץסͻͷָ΢΢鶯һ£ʦ־ͷʹ
Ҷȴ߳ʦ˱Ҷ⣬𵤡ԪںѪ֮УΪһƬѪѪ⣬Ҷġ
Ҷȴʱ˿̣ģģò˲Ϊʦ֡
ã
ͻ᪶һ߰׹ǣһˮ
ɳۣкܴ仯ϧ޷ȥٶҲ˷ѡǴʦ֣
Ҷħɭɭؿͻ᪣Щˣ⴦ã
ЩСˣ๼
ͻ˲һħӰţΪħӰסʮħϵĵӣʦܡ
˲ѣͻ֮С
ͻôЩ˻ȥ
ƺҶԤϵ
ͻ᪴˲ħʿһһ¹ڱˣԲŹ
պЩ£ںϴʦֵԪ񣬿ħǸεٺ٣
Ҷת֮Уδֹ


929 ħ
ˣ
֮У޽֮£飬ʥʮˣҶٻӾ֮ɷɷطɳ
ҶԿڸ֣ͷħһһıϢ
ٻˡ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣սշħϴ󲿷ͽʲôҪħϽ֣ȡӦûʲô֮ǿߣЩˣȻȥԿ
ھΪҲŽӽɵۣսȴﵽɵ۸߽ףϾ˵볬ۿ⡣
ৡ
ǿʼҶͷŵħԵϢĹԣͳͳʧɲǼ䣬һͬħײС
ߣ
£׼֮ҶȱŶʮ뿪գħһƬɽ֮ϡ
ͻ᪴ǧħʿЩͳͳħϷֲڲ̵ͬͽϧûһǳǿߡ
ʦ֣
ǧˣͻ᪶ڻûɴʦֵҶȣͬʱ£޲ɵҶһ䣬һħ磬˾
һͨչҶǿʵȻҲħ´ӣҶôʦ´񣬶󣬾ͻ᪴ŲˣħһƬ֮зȥ
ȣΪħĹȣħϵĵҲħĽء
ʦ֣ʦ֣
һȺ˸ոսħĹȷΧȻĵħӰʹֳ֮һź۵ˡ
Ҷͻ᪲ͣͻ᪰дЩħĹȵطߣһֱħˣʵҲ࣬ħ߻һ󻤷ѾﵽԲ󻤷ħϱչħߣ
ڳۡ
üһĨɫ֮ǰй˽⣬ɵ֣оȫͬͻ᪣ʵˡ˽֣һϣȻǶ֣ʱһ֣Щ˰㣬ֻҪסˣҶ󻤷ʲô
ȺԸħϣȡҪһ֣Ǿ뿪ǣͻ˵Լ뷨
ǺǣǲҪһ֮һҪħϣԸϹƣУһնɱɵۣÿ԰пħϣΪħı֮ڽҲлΪͼɽľħѵﲻģ
ħ˭롭
ͺãȥӴħϣ
Ҷȳͷ׼Ƶģô󲿷ħĹ⣬ֻŶʮˣħĹȽ硣
λ֪ʦ˼ұչ޽չ
ħĹȽ磬оͬ磬棬ӹϣһƬأ³ɣҶͻһħ̳ͼ𻤷ػħ̳ҡ
һ𻤷ʵʦ˼ڽͷԳ֮⣬˶ȴʦռı׼𣿡
ͻ᪹һаʦ𽻴ÿ궼ȥķɼƷһεպɣǻջ񣡡
󻤷ѵ֪ˣ֪ʦǽȥɣһ𻤷΢΢һھͳһڡ
Ī⡣
ͻҶȶ𻤷ʩ֮󣬾һ򹬵ڣħͷĴ죬һ룬Ͳˡ
ħħ޽֮أһƶǺǣҺòǷԸ
˽빬ɫ˲䣬һħɭɭĴǰڷľãɼħնɱǿߣʣǾɽϢƮǳ֮ϢӦöǴ޽֮ػõʡ
رһЩʯʯϢҪǿʢʮƷʯҲ޷ᲢۣУʺϲЩʯʣһյģħҲܣԲŵװΰ衣
ãȥҰɣ
һħӰٿسڴС
һߣ׷ԲԵħ֣һΪﵽԲҪͻڣͻڴǰҲҪһء
ͷ󻤷
ͻҶȰղʩ˫ֺһڴ֮ϣֳһĵضڡ
һɱȴ󻤷ǿٱƣӶͷų˺޷˳ɵ˼ӿ졣
ħеĿռ䣬Բöɣֻڲܺÿҽȥܵѹƣ
ͻᪿʼ򶴿ڡ
ҶҲȥڴ󻤷£붴ڣһĿռ䣬ʱѹǵضҶԴʦֳķֳҶɵ
ռȷ£Բ֮䣬˴Ŀռ䣬ҪƿأҲ򵥣ħʵȷǿ󣡡
òһȹȻ˿ͻ᪣һһƯ̳ȥ
̳ħɣ޴ħʮħֵʬǣʮɵħ̳
ϴ϶ãǰңúÿЩʦֵܣڱҪĹͷ
δ˷뷨̳أֻ̳룬һħ֮Уһͷɢߣ˫һħ棬ħ֮УƯһߴСԹâ֪ǺǱȫƣԹ⻷Ȼǿҡۡ
һ
ϧԹ⻷ʵڶĿ޷һ
ɢߣħİͼɽĴ֮һħϣԲΪ
ھɽ磬޵еĴڣܵɽ編ѹȣֻﵽϸ΢Ĳ֣Գۣھɽ磬նɱκɵۣڰɽ磬ǳۣҲҪܵѹȡ
ֶյ¡ɵۡĪԿ񣬶ΪѺֶߣѣں嫵޽֮ء
ħϵΪյʦֲ࣬ħħͷֶʮڼħϣҶкԽƽҪԽĴڡ
ħ̫ǿֻڴ˵ȴɢҪӰ쵽֪ε飡
ԲӦ䣬ͻ᪾õİ취
ҶȻҲͬϸϸضԹ⻷ҲڴƬռ䣬κϢӦ֮УոӦǼ˿˿ԣ
ôԡȻڵ̳ʵԣа˾ŷֽӽҪ֪Щʣµܴﵽ˸߶ȣȻһ׵
ԣɽ֮УҶΪоģѪԻͨԣжĸ߶ȡ
þڵ̳ȣͺյһԹ⻷ڵһԽ󲿷Ŀֲڡ
Ҫˣ
Ҷǻһߡ
׼Ķ׼𣿡
Լ죬ħϴӿֲ֮Уת¶ֻʣƤǵѪħ棬Թ⻷ŷӡƯ
ʦеĽͽѳãʦ飡
ҶԴʦǣһץһħͷųаһŷӡħϷȥ
񣡡
ħһѹӡ˲飬һѪȡħںһ𣬴Լϰټ
Щħеı֮
֮󣬱ҪڣΪһ޵еĴܣʱͲñɽ磬ĺãǵȥѰҸıħϼЩЦ


930 ħ
ʦ𣡡
ͻͻȻħϵЦ֮ʣ˫ϥͨһæͽҪڣϣʦܴͽͨΪͽϴ𵤣ͨ
ڣ
ħϱͻһ仰·׻ƵģͷħƿһƬء
ٿٿ
˲ɱͻ᪵һ񣬴ħͫ˲ͻ᪣ǰ֮Уһħа񣬴ͻ᪷˿Ƥ͸룬ͻһƺΪһ߽ʬ
޷
ҶȴʱҲһħǰҶȻ侲糣ô̫־档
ңʦԭһǽͷݣС
ʦ𡭡졭ͽܲˣ𵤡𵤾Ҫ飡
Լһ㹦ħͷŶȻͻ᪣ƺҪͻѰʲôͻʹ޷ͫײϵطŴƣȫرħƿء
ϵģƾ֮
ߣ϶ѽ㵹б£мＸʦģѵ֪
ħͻȻرʵħͷŵƣѹͻһ֣ұչǧܴ꣬ﵽԲڱǰأ϶гٸΪʦõʲôñˣ
ʦ𣡣
ֻħһħƿ΢΢ؼͻɿŲֿͰ͵ʦͽͽʲô
ħϿģʵǾΪʦΪʦҪִŹ棬ͽ㣬϶ҪףõκεıҪΪʦΪʦ㣬ϧͣ㷴˷ѾĻΪʦΪͨ󣬻޷ڵǿƣϴΪԶԶں棡
ʦܣٸʦ𣡡
Ҷץסʱ̲Ի
ȴ̾Ϣħͷħͷʲô֮ͬ꣬ʦͽ˰̨ϣȥ
ǣֻҪʦܷŹͽһͽʵ
ƺҶ仰ҪЧͻ᪲ò£սսʵʵħЭ
ҵͽôẦԼͽ
ħջħ⣬һץһŷˣһӣڷ֮ϣʮ㡣
ǰáǰãͽ£һɱһħͷȻ׷ɱһǿߣ
ͻƺģȴֲò³ܣ࣬һ˵һУҪΪħϡ
ȻȴںһУΪͼƻõġ
ͻ᪼˵ħͷǿߣƺڽһдɱͽҪͷһ޴ħɽһֻ֣ѹǿϣֱӰǿߺ÷飬Ķɢѷ֮У
ħɽ֣
ͻȻħϴӷһüħͫγУ㵵ʵǲһľ޴ħɽ
ǵģħɽʱͽоԼ챻ѹ÷飬춼Ǿ޴ӡħɽʦ֪ϸĪҲ֪ħɽĳͻ᪹һɲ˼飬ҡͷԵʵ
ֻ֪֪Ź
ħϣɫȴѷˣħɽ֣Ϊڳۣô᲻֪
ΪħȵײĴڣɽħڵϳۣɽ۵ľͨ
֣
ɽ˭֪ɽ۵ľѧʩչضԻΪһ޴ħɽѹţ
ɽ۰Ȼ㡭ΪӽڵĴڣ㾹ȻԳ֣ǿ߽֡
ħѶͻһȫţƾ֣־ͨ˶ܼģͻ۾˵С
ħˣ
ӵˣƾߡ
Ҷɰֽɫ
ͻ᪹¶ţʱɽۣһеһУҶǰıõģɽ۶ȻΪԻħϣ׶ҶͻΣʧȥ
ӿʼڣҶȼƻ֮С
ʱͽŵòɢڡɵǿ飬Ԫȴħɽ֮¶ߣħһҪնɱˣûռɵЩķͽ
õʲôˣ
ͻ᪻δ˵꣬ħϾȲٴδӷվͷŵƣҪͻҶȣֱ˺÷顣
ͻʵ޷ԷԪ޷ѹǣǣһ֮
֮֮
汦ĸ֪ΪڵħϣȻһˣ֪֮ڳ۵ôʵںˣ
ͻ᪾㤵زͽͽһʱϣ㣬û룬ץס֮ʱںϣȻΪʹﵽԲ۷壡
㡭
ħòѪⲽǸϧʹޣֱ֮ҪͻڵҪʱ̣̺֮ӵĪֻҪںϣȻܴڵϢ
һٴ飬ڡ
ɽ磬ڣһһأڣһǷ磬һɽ磬ڣǾһ磬һĲࡣ
ħ̫桢ϹЩǿߣôͻڣѱڶꡣ
ϣԽǾһ硣
ҿħȻǻûȥߣѰҶ֮Բö֮
ҪĲʵǻۣһˣֻ·һһȥūڵ
Ҷȱκ˶ħ˵뷨԰ΪǿߣӲƫ棬ȥȡ
ԣԶҲΪɽ־
֮֮
Ȼ䣬һֱੲݵħϣƺ뵽ʲôħΪȼյħ棬ವһ£ȼա
ʱԲǿߣħ棬ɢƣѾѹͻҶȲǼװʹ࣬еڲڲƤħһȼա
ڳ۸еʵ
϶Ȼ˶֮ҪΪΪʦװΪʦҪ֮ڣԡΪʦòɱ㣬ȡڵĶ֮Ϊ޷ȫںϣ
ʱ˿̣ħ¶ľģñݸʵԭǴħͷ˲¹ͷľħǿߡ
ΪԼڣֶΣҪɱͻ᪣ڣ֮Ϊá
ʦʦͽ֪ˣʵʵͽһõö֮ʣö
ͻŵһʵ
ħϾȻûһ˿⣬תͻ᪣϶һִģѵһ֪İϷյͽ֮Уۣ̣ϧ̫ȻΪʦû㣬ղΪʦŻģΪʦҪ֮׸ΪʦɣΪʦڣ
ǣͽ֪ˣͳͳ׸ʦ𣬹ϲʦڣôͽҲմմͻһĨͷ麹
һ̯ĻԵħȫųĹâ֮Ưӡ֮Уת
Ҫţ޵
ȻǶ֮޽֮أ͵һöû뵽쿪۰̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
ħವұۣͻƯö֮ȫͻᪿƣ৵طħϡ


931 ޴
ʦͽ֪ʦͽһᣡ
ʧȥ֮ͻ᪵ʧȥüֵƺħ̫˽⣬ڵͷġ
ΪʦΪʲôҪɱ㣿
ħɲǼ䣬ץסö֮ɭɭһЦ̾ͰѶ֮شӵﴦ
ʱͻü֮ϣһЦݡ
׼ˣ
һԵҶȣƺϵҪʲô£һ¡
ͻشʲôƢԣô꣬һܸ˻·ħͼɽһ
֮ҵܴ֮߶ˡڣһһܳڣɹ
ħչ˫ۣͷЦؿռ䶼ʧȥͻȻħԭһٴγʱ
Ȼͻ᪣γ֮ƣҪͻ᪽ڣ
ɱˣϢħͷıԡ
ǣһУ·ͻ׼ħϾҪ˲ֶʱһԵҶȣһӡ
ţ
ħϺεȴڣһ˼Ҫɱͻ᪣ҶκζһһҶƺ̺εͨɫ˲䡣
Ҷȷײ𵤣
¡
ۿͻ᪱ʱħϵﴦͻأرһɿµħڰգ޷ƣҵѪæԲѹҪĿ
ħ׷Ľ
ͣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻ᪳ˣץסʱħѹƽʱԲһɫаԪϢĽһʹħǻ
ϴ󡭡
ħ޷ȫѹǹɿͻһˣ㱻ðԶʱ˿̣ͻ֮᪱УĴӣ޷ţ޷
ҶͻȻһĨʹӴʦģΪ𣬸ֶҲĴӣħϣĿģõʶ࣬Һҿһ
϶ԭ㾹ȻˣıΪʦħһβŻȻԭѲ˼õȦ֮С
ħϣһʦͽݣһʦ֣ͨѹңɱ֣ЩɥڴˣħϣӦúѡ֣ûκأ
ͻ᪱ɱڶ
ãøĶΪƾǣȡ󻤷ɣ
һҶͻ޷Ӧ£ʹħϵ飬ٷ֮⣬ʧȥ
ͻ᪣󻤷ͽҵˣɱ˴󻤷˾ͲĶ֣
ڳۣôûг䲻ֶΣҶ˾ռߣħϣһնɱ
ãҾ󻤷棡
ͻ᪲ħ϶֣֣ҶȣնɱħϾͶһݰգ󻤷ǳǿߣû˲סǣһħϻϣ֪غεɱС

ͻת
Сӡ
ؿռ䣬ֻʣħҶȣħȻ޷ȫѹƽ𵤱ޣ㾹ȻҵĵӣϷøֶΣȻϷķۣϧֻɵΪɣ
ɵΣħϣöֲ֮µӡ޷ںܶʱѹģȻɵۣԲĳۣҪɱ㣬ȻаգֻܾˣʶȤҿԲɱ㣬ΪãҴﵽҵĿģȻ뿪ͼɽΪˡ
ڳۣǺεȸ˵ˣҶҲҪѴȥơ
ҪնɱħϣҶ˵ĶʵɱԣȴҪܴĴۡ
֮ǿһһ䣬ħϣϲߣҶ˵㲻ܣҲҪȡһ¡
СӣԲѣ޽֮أݺ޵֣ᱻ㻣Ūɣȱѹ˶֮ٻʰ㣡
Ϊڶֶ֮ΣܶԸȱն֮ΰƤߣ
ħϹϼ޻֪ҲҶӲƴʱ򣬱߶һռ䷨ӡռ·һ̶ˮħһħѷ˳ȥ
գ֮䣡
Ѳͼɽħһδ֪Ľա
ճһħⷨӡͨƬգħϴħ֮зӳԭ·ｨͷ
û뵽ϷꡭûڳϳԿεСϡ
ħֱĥгݣϷ򳹵װѶ֮ѹסٻȥʰСӣϷƤˣͷҪԶܣ
ħϣܸ𣿡
ͻȻҶȵش
ܣôܴϷķӡ֮УӳڣҲ޷һʱƿϷ򷨽磿
ڵʱħϾͱҶȵͷƤ飬һԲ۲Ϣ
˵Ҫɱ㣬ֻҪܴĴ۶ѣ޷˵㣬ʵʵΪҰ£ȻˡҾҪˣ
Ҷû޴ڡ

ħϳûӣһëҶȵоһ޷ԦΣգȻһͿˡ
ţ
ħٶȿԳԽκɵۣھɽ޵еģҸ֮д
ոմӾɽʱͷƺһƣıķòһħϼһӰɵգƺԳ۶޷ӦգȴԦ
ܣ
ħ϶Ӱһӡ
˵Ӳˣκ˶޷ҵƿأĽ𵤣ûҵϢûҵӡǣ֮УҲҪܵѹƣ
Ӱٴһ¶ҶȻȻЦͷޣһûо񣬳˯ģ΢΢ҡβͣƺ۾Ƶģڶħϡ
ޣξúñһ٣
Ҷͬ
ٿ
޲˼ٶȳˣβһڣһβӰգ۳ħϷ֮⡣
ʲôħ˿ǰһҶȣĶ֡
ء
޺ȻС춯˶ƺڻǣһĻħϣţֻſС죬һ֮磬Ȼɽ޷ѹƣֱ֮顣
ɽȻ޻ѹã

һĻȻڵħϣУ޷ģһֻСȴˣһ飬̴߶ա
أ
֮磬λ籩һ¾סħϽ磬ݿرɢܿ¶һǼܣħϿʼܵѹȣǳۣҲɽ
ڣżɽѹȡ
ٺ٣
ҶħϲؼҪѹ𵤵Ķ֮ﻢ£ħǿҲҶȼƻ֮е¡
ûɶսȴܡ
Ǭñ޼׷ɱʱǬ׷ɱҶƣҪĴۣȥġ
Ǭڵǿߣħϲһڣ޷ȣҶϸ˱Ƚϣμƻ޷ѹħϣôֻзնɱ


932 
ǹɶ񣬱޻Ҫ̬
֮µĽ磬Ѿʧò࣬ħϵħһ˿취ûУƾߡ޾˦βͣһ档
գֱǻصԼļң
޵ʱͷ֮۵ķӡգʹͷ֮糹ƻһڵĳۣ޵Ķ֣
޵ʳҶҪԸħϣǶ֢ҩ
ʥǹ
Ҷȿɲħһ˿ᡣ
ͣ
׷ħ֮ʣҶȿ׼ᣬ߶Сǧͻħߣһǹʹš
Ҫˣ
ħ˿ûУҪѹ𵤣ҪԿ޵ʳҶһǹֱӶͻ᪵һħ˼ء
ɲǼ䣬˼Ҫȥ۵ֲر⣬¸Ҳҵơ
ˣ
ħٽ𵤡ޡҶв²ܣͻȻӾ֮гҶģһһ
ȻԣҶƺϵһ𳬼ۣòײ޵ãôܿԼװʧȥһС
ٿ
Ҷ̫Сħϡ
ħϾȻأصɱﵣſ죬ҶȾһ硣
һԣεԹâֲĹҶȷӦȴҲƣѪģ֮У
أ
ƺŭˣƺҵˣˣǺ𽥵һЩȻ³֮磬Ϊ˷籩
ԭһʼûʩչȫȻԸڡڣǶԸڵһֻèǴ´ġ

ħϳ䲻⣬ɹҶȣȻߣƤӵߣϧ̫͹ޣ籩κܷͳͳذӣͬˮްװ׵ֿɰ
ħϡΪ޷ʹ̫ˣںұ˵㿪ǷӦܣȻˣޣͻһ߸ʬ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˻Ǳ·ڰ
ɶ񣬸ɱ
ħϻǲģȻٴſ죬
ϧǣ޲Ҷȣ޵ٶȣӦ糬Խɵۣۣͨһ̣޾ħڵգưԶա
ৣ
ֻصħϵڣ
һ
ٿٿٿ
Ź˺Լĵˣ籩ħϵĺۣ˺ѣֲ
£ħQˣֻʣһƤǣң¸Ҳʼ
ħϣ˴йھͷͷҲģǺã³ΪƵĿܰɣ
ҶһѪܵسգͷɢɼƣжôֲֻ΢΢һ𣬾Ҷ˵
㡢Աʲô
籩֮Уħһ޷ơ
ֻҪʩչһΪһܣʧȥңΪһܣһ߶ѣҴҵĵˣĵˣĴӦ־ɣ
ײ
˵꣬ҶȾ͹ײħϾȻҲûǲȥ
֮ǰö֮ҶȾĿӡǣڲ϶֮ħϽ𵤣˭ħǿ˹ڣҶʩչײ϶֮ڲ
ħϾ׾ˣ
ޣˣ
ײӿħڣڵӡںϣħԪʱҶȾͳӦһ޲ĵذڰСβͣһе籩ڡ
һ£صҶȼͷֿʼ˯
ᣡ
ԼѣݽߵħڣҶײϣħϳΪūһĴڣūһ˿ʶħϣӴԶһ𣬱߿ƵĿܡ
ˣ
ΪܵħϣҶȹ£
Ӵ㲻ʲôħϣܣҵ߰ɣôһλǿľֶΣԺ볬ۿ⣬Ҳ˱ʤƵеֶΣ
ҶȸֶһЦݣû뵽ƷһԲۣΪܡ
һڵĸ֣ӴԺҶȾӵڵʵξѩìܣҶҲüɵκһ
ջһ
Ҷȴ߶Сǧ˲ܣԽգصħȴ½һİ֮УҶȿħϣܣ׳ɣ
ǵģˣ
ʵʵع˫ֻֻһ߳Թ⻷һħ⣬ƽС

ҶȻһץʹħħӡҶָһ㣬ˣҶ𺳵ı仯
һߴСȻ˲Ϊһ볣̬ڵĻƽӣһˣʮһͷ˫磬ͷҪҶȸ߳ͷʮֿ࣬һɫսס
һģؼǣԲģҶ׼Ϊһӡ

ΨһȱݵǣƺܴܵײΧм΢΢ѺۣûӰԡ
ҶĿƿħϣܣεģ
ˣСһ޽֮Ѱʱһ֮Уõģʱǵطѱĸ֣Ѱҹһ飬Ϊʱһ˭С˾ʱһ׻е񣬾ֳı
Ҳӵ˵ںϵεȳ̶ȣ
Сܣõô꣬һֱ޷ںϰ֣ڵ֮УС򣬼ϵõ︨Բ۷壬ſʼںԼֻںϵʮ֮һ
кη֣
С޶ۣģԲںϻ
ǿöҵУ
Ҷ䳰һħȻõϧûƽģģڵĳۣ޷ƽ⣬ģҲиߵ֣֮һҲ޷еġ
ɵǣҶȴܿ岿ֵġ
ܣúõָΪһػң㵤ڵö֮Լںϰɣ
Ҷȶܾʵ⣬Уƿ硣
һġ
ҶȿʼҪо
ʩչ򣬷һö֮һų۵ӣ𽥵ػָʼ鿴ҲϵŵһϣҶȿһģϸضһֻĸ֡

͵֣òӦþǰģһһλǿߣȻޣȴҲһ˷֣һɽ磬ҲѾˣ
֪֣ҶȾ͸ȲҲżľͻ᪣󻤷սҪ


933 
ĽɫսףһĹͼڣȫģԱκ
Ҷ͸о֮һԼ̫Сȴӵһ磬ס
ķ棬һƷѾϧҲɽ磬Ҳãϣܷӳеâ
̫һ
ಣ
һԲ𵤵ľ˲Ͳס
һ̣ԭҪǿں˭֪̫һͷһ񷡢Ͱ
˭
һƺһӵʶŹȥڣҶȶԻ
ܣΪεϢںϣܣһĵ֣Եڲͬʱߣȴûһˣڰʥ
ѵûѾããʱ֮Уⲻҵһѣҵʶͣǰһ̣ѣɼ䣬û뵽ĿԼԻ
ĸʱڣĸռ䣿ûǵǣҲ׹ޱߵĵΪڰĿܣ
û˿Իشң˰ɣ˭㾹ϢܴңǾ˵ԵӵǷϢû˿ԿңҲΪĴܣ
˯ɣԶĳ˯ȥ䣬˯һͻΪĿ飬ҵֻһֻҪһͿԵõأҲãһˣϣҴΰ
˯ɣ죬ӦԶҪ
شˮӶо˵ϵĹȥÿһ̺һе
ϧЩᣬҶַܲ͸ģ
ʧҶȾþ޷֮߳ȻԪ񣬲ϵɢҶȿһĻ
еڽҶԪʱȻ޵񣬾ȻػΪԣԪ
ڶ޳
û˿ų⣬ԶΰģȻ޵ӵһĤݵԣŻسͳͳسΪҶȵ
ֲãʶѣұѣ޵еڰܼʶ
ȻһΪס
ӵп
ȻȾĴڣ˸߸ϵȻҲ޵ϢԵطӣںϡ
󣬲ͬѰ
ҪһˣʶͲһŷҪĹ֮󣬻ǿҵ
޵֤һ㣬ޣǳԽĴڣ׷档
ȻҪΪ󣬲ܽ⿪ܡ
Ҷһ½յôҪϢĬ꣬Żؿ㳯Ҷһ
ȻںϣҶȾܼԦ
޷漣
ΪҶڣӵʶ޵ϢܵԴڣӴԺҶȾ㲻ҲԷӳ
һλǰֱǰӴˣͳΪҵػ߰ɣΪұشڣ㣬磬Ŷݺߣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֮䣬ǰĹϵŷ޵ǾҶȵǰͨ˵ҳ޵ݡ
룡
֮У
ҶʩչһžֶΣǰ꣬Լ꣬һ֣ǶԱкܴ˺һܵҶȾͻܵشһǿһꡣ
ȻҲҶȵĴڡ
ҺãҶ֮԰꣬ҪԼֲ꣬ʥ֮УӴˣҶȾͿͨԷԼģ˵Ԫ
ҪǣԿһʵǣֻһֻһܡ
Ѿ䣡
ˡ
ҶֲԼһ꣬ڣȻûܵų⣬ڻӭҶȵڡ
Ȼ֮У´ϣԼϣԼȴûֻƬͿһУһϴܣʲôֻһӡǶѣգ
꣬ɵؽ뷨󣬱˴ͨûʵ鼮ǹļ¼ҶȼǣвٵȻ޵ʮҲʮӴġ
ɽ磬ëǣ磬̫ƽڿġ
ô鼮ֻܽ䣬طʮ꣬ܿꡭŶ¼
ɨһ鼮ҶȺȻһƽżһżȻһĵͼ
ͼ˼飬ҶھȻлᣬ˽硣
ҵĵ֮аɣ
ҶͼóȻͷŽ𵤣һͿ𵤡
һҶȵõںϣУǴҲ޷ȣبδеķʽںһ
˵磬һ㲻棬˵ȥ˭š
ҶȾȲעһ˵һͼͻػûûΪһŰ׾޴ĽɫյͼƯҶǰ
һһ˼磬ҶȵС
磬̫ˣСǧһ뱾ںϣͿԻͼ꣡
Сǧ
ٺ٣İɣɽ罻Ҿȥұ𣬽Ҫģ
Ҷʮ˵ѰҴǧͼҶһֱرܵ⣬˹ɴ۵һǿУҪǿУõǧͼǳ˵
֮£õҶȻʲô
ʵûа취ԿӮԴ߶Сǧ֮󼪣֮ҶоģȥѰҴǧͼ
þ޴һ磡
Ű׾޴ͼⱾһ޴Ĵ½жô޴ҶҲ޷ȥ㣬ȥ磬֪磬Ǻεȵ硣
ͼ֮ϣССģ鶼ǣо޴ɽȡɳĮԭһкܶĳǳأͼΧããޣ֮Уʱдź
Ȼһʱеĵ۹
ȷһλǿߡ
ȻʱԨµأһ̤磬ȥһԼ˽Ŀĵأһ֮Ҳ˳ܶ࣡
ֿ꣬Ҷȱͼڣ̫ģҶĿǰ޷ƽ⡣
ʱȥ˽⡢̽磡
ĳ֣Ҷһһ£׻˵ǺøԶҶȴԴΪĿ꣬ɽʲôɽ֮ϣ磬׷Ѱ硣
ಣ
Ϊԭ㣬Ҷȵڡ
ܣٹ
һһӰͻƿնڣħϣҶһ߶ѡ
ʮ꣬㵹ǻָʱȥħ죬ͻսΣ
ٿ
Сǧ£˾ͽ֮С


934 ȡħ
ͼɽħĽȡ
ʱһƬǽ壬еĽ磬ѻ𣬿֮Уȼų۵ϢֱǷ罣ɱ
һϿգʮˣǻˣѪˣʽȻʳһ𳬼۵ѪҺ
𳬼ۣȻħ󻤷֮һ
۵ѪҺ̺ҶҲ֮𣬿󣬾һգȻٻָ
ȻϵѪڲϵᡣ
Ȼ৵վͷħڣ춯صıըǽ֮У̾м˵ľˣħɳһ߳ʬ塣
ָƵģȻƻָּ֮ս֮С
ͣսͣˣֲͣյ˵ѪҺָʵսʵ̫졣
ಣ
ڼ˸£ֱճѪҺʱǰճһУҶȴܣ߳ա
̹ӭ
һˣȴ˿ʹ࣬ͷǿսƣҶȾͷʵսΣ
һλ˻ص֣ʩչһս󣬸պڳۿ⣬ħͻ᪣Ѿնɱ𳬼ۣ
úϢһһ֮
֮䣬һ֮գһһˣǿʼϢħϳħȥ
һлҶԤ֮С
ͻ᪣϶ʮˣȻ𻤷֣նɱˣʣ𻤷ֻʱ⡣
ħڣҶȺʵܣħһƶ𣿡
ˣȻԣ
ܹش
ҶЦЦħϽħ
¡
սħ֮УǲҵսҶŵѪϢڹ֮У޴󹬵ʮλˣɱΪʮɸ߾ˣһ󷨣Χһ𳬼ۡ
һͻ󻤷ýѪģ˶˲̶ͬȵƣ˫Ƥûһ֮˺¶Ѫ⡣
ˣ
ʥһʱܵҶȳ֣ɢ󷨣˲ҶΧҶҲڣóһڳʬ壬գؽ磬õʮʬ֮һ
вٵʬ壬ɾ
ڳۣҲôѵã޼ҶȣͿԶԸڳۣնɱԲԿڳۡ
ҶѾȱۡ
ʵҶһֱȱľ
Сӣ㡭
ԭʥΧ𻤷Ҷȣɱڣħ죬Ǹոճ޷
ʦ𣡣
ǰԭԲ˼ٶȣڰסħϣʱӭѡ
ħϣ
󻤷ֵͻ᪣ĸ֣ӷ˴󻤷һһԽҶߣȲʵΣ
İɣҪûгɹһܺúõվҶȵһЦͻ⣬ҲһЦͻ˿
ɿˣͻ᪼Ҫ̱ȥһˣ󻤷Χɱ˵һãǵ˻
ʦ𣡣
󻤷˲Ҳǰ
ǿҵħ۹⣬·˵ԹҪħϳ֣ɱͻҶȣһ
ϧħֻޱ˵ֻгˣл·Ҿͽǵ
ʦ𣡣ôˣ
󻤷һ𻤷һʱ侪ûëóħϺܲӲǿЦġ
ǵʦѱѹΪܣһûԪֻϢʬ⣬Ϊҵ˵³ѵõĳۣΪҲ󲻾þҪͻڣʹ䣬ֵ̫ãΣʦһΪһʬ⣬ǴӴͶͻ£ǻݣ
˵棬ҶһЦʱ˿̵Ѿȫħ죬Ȼϣ𻤷Ϊá
㡭𻤷󣬼޷š
ҶϢȻ籾ǿʳˣĪҪִԲľݶϢһλᣡ
ǡԸ⳼𻤷չˡ
ԲԲҶȳͻ᪵ͷʾͻ᪣ȥֲԪӡǣԺ£ڿʼħˣֻһͣҴﵽҵĿģͻ뿪ħϣնɱɵۣȻ㣬Ҳ޷סһΪ
ãȻ죡
һͻ᪲ҶеĻȻҶȿʱɱҶڵȵһ֮󣬲ûʵ˳㣬ͻ᪾벻ţҲҶгŵ
৵һ£ͻ᪾ͷ𻤷֮ϣ߸֮ϵĻȴǰͻ᪺ɣֲԼԪӡǡ
úϢʱ䣬ǻµս
ھ壬ҶȰź֮󣬾ǻص䡣
Ǹ죿
һṦͻ᪾ʹ𻤷Ҷǰ
ܣĲķͳͳͻ᪣Ҷȵһ仰һȴħϽķ䣬ͳͳͻ᪡
ͻֵÿڴЦ
ͻ붼룬ȻҶȵõ
ȰħͳһȻ󡭡ȥ̫棬һΪͼɽ𣿲磬ǾԺΪڣȥȻһһɱɵۣлᣬҲ԰̫棬ɱ˴ˣ˫޵£Ϲƣ
ɱɵۣȻɱԾ󻼣ҡҲаգΪͼɽˣ
Ҷȵͻ᪵棬һڣ־ˡ

𻤷֪ҶжôҰģôֶΡ
úã
ͻֽкã˵ֱ˫ӮҶȵֶΣѾʶˣħ϶ѹˣ̫ܱQ죿
ͷаЦȻĿɱɵۣ硭Ҿٴ֣Ϻɱ˷̫ǼˣϹƣһŹʱħֶԸһˣʣһˣȻ㣡
Ҷֻ˵Ǻǣ˵֮ͼɽİ
ͻϸ˼һȻ¶Цݣϣʱ䣬ܴħϵڣͻڵ򣬻һЩͻڣһҲԦħʸ񣡡
ףֻҪ㹻գɱħϣҲû˵ĳɾΣȡ㣬ң
ǺãħҾʹȥˣҵõһУħ編ڲ£ߣ
ͻ᪴Żܣ뿪ħ
ҶħϷһҲͻ᪻ᷴˮ
ˮ
ʵ⿪Ҷصӡǣ
жֵĻ
һᶼûУҶȶԼֶΣӲɣ򵱳޷ö֮ħϡ
ͻ᪸ǸˣȷǴλȥ룬Ҷȵǿ˴ˣѵף
ҪӴ̫Ϲƣʵ϶Խħϡûкüı޷ǵģᱻ׷ɱȻҵҪĿɱɵۣɱҲùϹ̫棡
Ϲ϶رɱɵۣȻŹңΣһݣһˣ
ħϷҶһֲͻħڵԪӡǣһһһ棬ϸϸһж


935 ̫Ϲ
ͻ¹ϣƿ󻤷֮ܿɨƽħɽͷְѳΪܵħ϶˳Ϊһ߿ߣںٿأѳΪʵߡ
ͼɽһӵκһжȻҲһЩϢһ죬ħ´ӡԼһͽͼɽһ޴ȥ

ͼɽһأķǷ̫أڰ˷ˮ֮ϣؽƣħʿѿЩƣз紵ݶͻ߶ơ
ħƣһĽʱԷ̫һħ֣ڵȴǡ
󷨣ʣǿߣ޽֮ŪģҲȥ޽֮أʣȷڲͬҪԷ̫ϹƳֻ֣ܰ
Բһ֣ӭħϣҵħӵŷڶ룬Ҷͻ᪣עһһ
ʵ
ϵؿһдУֵħسǰħǻɫ·һѪ
ڿҪʱҶȺȻ뵽ʲôüëһӦûһ˼·
Ŷ
ͻɻһ
Ը̫棬ֱ̫ӣɱϹɵȻΪ֮һߣ겻Ϲ̫˫޵£ԸһҪԸˣ
˸ħϺһɣʱѾ֮Уһˮ磬ҶȰĪصħϴǣǶϹв󣬻Ƿ̫棿
ͻ᪸ɻȻǷ̫棬ΪħϾĲ˱Ȼħϣ
ǾˣΪʲôƫһǴǿ֣ȿ֣ʱ򣬶Ըһˣˣ
˼ǣȶԸϹơ
ɱԸ̫һˣǾ׶ˣϹƴǷ̫пֻҪ̫Ҳ᲻ƣҪôߣҪôͱնɱҾһᣬôɵ֣Ϲˡ
գգ
ոսһƻղأγɡ
һƬˮ󣬾һ澲羵ĴںϣƯһħķһµĽơ
ħΧвħ֣Ϊɵ۸߽ףϢҲʱʱͷų
ʱ಼£ʮħʿӭͷû뵽һλС磬һϢµĺŮӣˣħϹʩ񣺡񽿣ݼħǰ
񽿣ˣҲӭ𣡣
ħ棬ڷ̫ôǰ˿̫ӣ
ǰҼѱŮƣӭǰǰ룡
Ůӡ񽿡̵סҲɵħϣԷʲôˣ·
ߣ
ħһ˦䣬һݣҶȡͻ᪵˷ħ
ͻһƳԱǸ񽿣ҶȰ񽿣Ƿ̫һŮһ壬һжɣЩʦֵܣõ˫ޣͼɽõ壡
壿ɽ˵࣬Ҳ࣬˵ټҲǳټõ·̫治ˣ
һ壬ɽɣһĴڣܶȻγʶ̲࣬ٶȴʮֻϾʽɣ޷Ӧ
ͬͬͬԣвͬ
һ壬ᱻƳɷǿƳΪ֮壬ӵеԣġ
ħͷôû㻹⸱Ƣ
˸ոսħһŮӵʹħ֮дħ࣬վ־Ů
ħϺŴӣ빬Ҷͻ᪽ڵ⣬ħϿħ֮һŮӺӰӣҪͻڣߣ뱾£õʱ˶飡
ħݵڿĪҪڣֺñ
֮ϣһŮӣĪԼʮ꣬ķ飬һݳޣһǽƣΧдŮźš
Ƿ̫棡
Ȼ˽꣬ڷ̫ϣû˿ºۼһֿ˲Ļò
Ǹأ
ħȫԱ߾¡
̫ɫħʲôֱ˵ɣҶ򽻵ѵһ֪˼̽ʵ
̽ʵ
һ˲֮䣬ħϿЦֹʵһУҶڱƣҲҶ̫潻棺̽ʵϹƣϢǿ٣Ȼصúܺã֪⹬֮УɣˣҲк
ħֹȻħ٣׵ظӦҵϢ
Ȼ䣡
һӣһ̫ͣһ۵ĺڷӣûڷ̫֡
Ϲƣ
ҶȺȻͻ᪡
ͻϢɼ԰˵ļɵΣд˾ϹƣȻǺܳȴһΪĸ֣ħϼɵ֣ȻħϲƿأҲӦÿ棡
ĺãô׾ͼˣ
ҶȱýģɲǼϹôɵȻҲ֮ϣϹΪħϵΪ޷ӦĴڡɼɵ۸ҲһǸ֣
̫Ϲһ˵Ҳһħͷüȥﲨ̫غȵħͷʲôֱ˵ǣ
ǱͿżɽҪڣϹҲ޽֮ظһнڵķħɭɭЦ
Ŷ
˿ڷ̫޵ϣֳһĨЦ㵹ֱӣȻǴҵĲ
˵ЦˣϹһԣл᣿˵ʵҵɱȡѣϧû°ӣΪ̣Ϊ飬˵ʵҲ۷壬ʱҪͻƣȱһЩԴϹλһ˲ԴǿԺĻ
ħ̫˰ɣƾһ֮ھܣһԼǿУڣΪ޵ǿߣٷҧһڣ
ӣһգڣ׽Ϲ죬Ϊǿˣ
˼ߵصҹҵĶľţ
˵ֱ̫Ӿܾħ顣
Ϊ˭ôޱǿгɳʿ籾Ͷթ
̫棬ϵ
Уħͻһ
ûóôտװǣȻϵҪϹʲô뷨˽ƻ䣬ײɣ
Ҷȿʼпħϣ׳һЩ⡣
Ϲ֣ж಻ףǶҪ˽⣬ҾͲţ̫ͻν˶ҲǿԻ㣬ﶼһ糤һ߶̣ħһгģ
Ҳһ仰˶ġ
˿̣̫ϹϷ໥ضӣ໥Ԫ˫޵£޷ǵԪ񲨶


936 Դ
һıϹơ̫˼
ڴʱҶҲ취һҪóĵı֪ħйƣҲ취õ
ͻ᪣ڣ˵ѹʲô
һƻ֮Ҷȱͻʵ
ﵽԲܽڣԪȫ飬Ȼ󾭹ʮ飬һ죬ڣ鵽һ̣Ҫǿ
ͻһڳۣڽ֮£ȻϸգھڵܣڻǷǳңԶ

Ҷ˿֮·ž޴ı仯ȻҲ;ͬ飬ھʮ֮һҪǿġ
κʿҪģվԽߵľ磬ã͸Ӵ
ڣ֪磬ܶڲͣ飬ʣӵаǿ
飬ҶģÿͻƣҪһΣҶǿҲ߲죬Ҷȵ෽棬ףҴСѪ塣
ҲҪģǾ֮ʮ٣
а취ˣ
Ҷصضͻ᪴ͻ֮ƳҶһгǣ㲻ˡ
һپ٣һ
ͻȫҶӪˣֻѡҶȣ
ôϹ֣ӣ
˰죬ϷϹ̫Ҳûֹħһͷģһģһն𶯣ɭɭһЦλǻѣֻͼɽħΪҲǲ£λǣ
š
ˣǸȤ
ħͷ˵šħѣɭɭ֤еȷо
˷
Ҫ֪һԶħһϹơ̫潻ֻ֣·һ˶ӡ
ħͷ뼤ǣɣӵеıҲǶ⣬ǾͲţУı
ڣ̫˵۵ؼ͸ɭɭħÿһͷӵ޷
ħ䳰һ䣺ҪҵʵһɱԽһˣǱ
ħŸ̫泹ױŭˣ̣ħϾȻҰˡ
ٺ٣ҲҪģ໥ѸԱóСҿûô׼ֻǰ
һΪǾƣʲôϹ˵ˡ
ৣ
ಣ
֮䣬ħ̫ŲͬĿ⣬ƣһץģðһϢ
ţ
Ϲ̫漸ͬʱħУһѪΪѪҺӵԵϢ
ƶʥ֮дŽɫѪҺʡ
Ѫ
ȻѪ찡ħͷ㾹ȻܵõһѪ˼飬ôܵõһѪ̫漤ضѪ⣬Ҫץ񣬺̾ϢΪԼò־
ȻħҲضŷеĹ⻷
ǹ⻷֮УԣǿҴҶȴδϢԲ
ɽ֮еľ
ǡ̫ǱĪǴ˵еġԴУͻ𺳵ضŷ̫бʱҶ˵
ԴҶȻͷһ֡
ͻ᪼æ͵Դ뷲һλ澫񡯣ͬĴڣһλľԴɽľ֮Դû˿ԵõɽľǴɽʱգûҵɽԴ࣬˼بҲصõһ㣬һ㣬Ϳɽ磬Ѫȷ磬ΪںϾԴȻھӵоرԴ÷壬Ϊɽ֮ô꣬һֱûеɽ֮ǱȺܶﶼı
񣬾Դ
ʱ䣬ҶȾ׾ԴǺεȱˡ
꣬ڷõ½Դ㾧ںݴ½ֵõ̩λĳ֮γɲ
󣬰̩λںΪ
ӵвҶȲܳں̩λ棬˵õԴһţҲпںɽ編򣬵ʱ˭֣Ǻɵɽ֮ľס
һף󣬶Ƕ֣
ɽôľ޴󣬾ԴڶٸʱգԹԴˣٳ֣˵õԴˣûпܣͻȻðһˣõоԴںϣΪɽ֮
ǾԲܵ£
ԴǺñڵңκﶼҪҪΪںɽԴɽ編򣡣
Ҷпʼ˷
磬ԴǺöߣʱվԴСǧƱԴҲ̺һ˿ԴСǧܳΪɽһ⴩ɽʱգ
ʱҶȼˣڵСǧҲͻȻ
ԭˣҵõԴ֮󣬽СǧǸ绢úã
Ҷ¶ģһҪõԴ
һ
ѪһѪλ
侲Ҷֿħϣ֮䣬ѪͲˣϹ̫棬ӣʵѪǱһڣȡϧʬ壬λ籩֮Сӣû뵽Ҳͦܵõһ־Դ
õѪѵͲҵõԴ
̫ʱһǧ֮ı飬Ϲ໥˿ͶħϵħͷѪҪԣӦúɣѪӵѪ֮⣡
˼˵ΪβѪ
ħϺȻΪε̾ΪѪģһѪҺ޷ںϣѹо޴вˣ޷ָģһ֮Ѫûа֮£ǲģ
ǿϹƷʵ
˱һǿǲû뵽ǵõԴɽڳҪģڴˣѪȷʵмֵһӵѪ
ô
̫ڶˡ
ѪԴȻ󣬵ֻõôһ㣬춼
ʱ̫涯ģɿڣħϲԸˣѪԴⲻһ׮ƽɵӶܿ
ǴľԴǾۡ
̫滺վߣħͷҲƣԶѪǸԴ
ôĿ̣ħԲԸԴ
Ǻãףȥ
̫ͻȻվһΪħħͻأɱ
ӣ
ħϼæѹѹؾӰħס·δѹ
䣡
ѣħڰգ̫һ
˭֪
ħϾȻһģŭյضŷ̫棬ɱ֣ϧֲ׳
ΪһϹơ


937 һһ
Ŷ
һУռϷ磡
̫淴ˣüͷħϣħͷʵӦûۺһ֣Ϊ˺󾢲㣿
ˣϹں󷽣УƮ·𿴵ħһ˿˿̡
ѵ
̫ٴδħϣɶ˵ؿЦԭ˽ѪںѪڣֲǰӣҵ̽ӣõϢ˵ڱչأڣþûгɹؾںѪɣ
Ϲ̫ߣֶŷ̫˵ûгɹںѪѪشѪˣѪǽһַʽڣ
ߣ㱻˵Σ
ħϣֳޱ𾪵ɫǻħϴͫŷϧˣҪɱңܣڵʵУһ⣬ѪϢͻᱻħ֪ʱ˫Ұܣȴ̵Ըңûôף
õѪɱ㣬Ǿ뿪ͼɽǣ̫沽ƣȻһŮˡ
ԣҸҴģ֣ҲңʱҵһңǺѪĩҲԶˣ
ʯ٣ħϺһкֶΡ
һжҶȵֶΡ
ɱԽթħķ
һи׳н
Ϲһס̫棬˵棬Էֶ̫Σܾˣ羫Ϻ
Ů˰ٸߣŮ˾͸ñѹ£ƣú÷̣Ϲûѱ㣬𵹲⡭ȻʱħЦ
㡭
̫̲סٴζħ϶֣ҲһħϹһֹ
ħϣȻ˵˵취ֻҪǿ϶ӦϹƹȻס
ΪѪȻҪס
Ͷ
ħϵʮػصλ£񽿴˰ΧҶͻ᪣Ҳָɣħԡ
ħϣղһƬɱŵһ亹
̫ϹҲص֮ϣŮ϶ƣջħһŮ֮󣬾Ϳ˵Ҫ󣺡ȻӵоԴôԴʣУ
ܣ
˭֪һҪ⵽̫淴ԡ
ϹְסһЦĪ⣬ԵضԷ̫˵ȵ˵꣡
Դ˵ǱѪҪԴҿںϣѪҪܵų⣬ŪþһɧǵһڶҪһѪҪѪʮ֮һ
ħֵ棬˵ڶҪ
̫治мغߵħͷ̫ôˣ
ħʼ磺ǵôߣƾѪҾ͸ţҺΣҪӵѪڱͷϣҲһܣŸƨҪȥһţ

Ū÷̫ƿڴһ飬ħϵƹ֮ʹ޳ܡ
ʥ࣬߸ϣΪλҪ뱾ۣͬ
㡭
ˡ
ħ̫濪ʱϹ̲סͷĿһţʱ䣬ϹƵȻǺͺúúħϣҪǴӦҪҲԣǱһѪܰѾԴ㣡
ٺ٣УԴұȵõ
ħϲģЭ
Ǿ޷ȥҪһܴӦѾܴòҪֵһšҲɣ
ʱϹͻȻֳһɱ
˼ȫˣħϲӦôϹȻֶ̫ԸħϣǺĽ
ҪôҪôʯ٣
úã˶࣬۸ǰɣҲµˣϹƣΪԶңɣǿھԴýƣٽңҲõԴȻһͬѪ
գħҲһ
ã
Ϲɱ֮˲ʧ
աҪҿʣ£˿̣ں󷽵ͻ᪣˿
ͷҶʱҶȴȻһ̬
ȵȣ
֪ħϺȻ֣Ӵңѵһ㲹Ѫ
ҶҪûթһ˲֪ҶԼЦ˻ȻͻҲ֪ġ
ðɣЩҩ͵Ǻ֮񣡡Ϲƴ󷽵֣һöڰգȻħϡ
ٺ٣ô೬ۼĵҩʮţʮҽۣо޴İ
ħϵõ䣬⿪ӡʱҶȾͰѴڵĶһһʼֵƵĲ
ħ֮Уӡ
ħ´䣬Ϲƾͻֿħ
ѵһѶ˲ɣȻֻǰ׼ǿʼֲ÷ӡ
ħ׼֡
ôЩ֣ǲǸóȥϹƺȻҶͻ᪣һ񽿵ȸ֡
ǲҪ֪ѪĴڣ
ȻȻģ
ħתҶͻ֣úѹأκη紵ݶͰռƻ£
ǣʦ𣡡
Ҷͻ᪹һ˵ȣһһ뿪ħ
֣Դھͽ㣬׵ıӡֻҪǲûܽ⿪ķӡ
ڣֻʣħϡϹơ̫档
룬γΣڲһ󷨣һ̵Ľ磬գϹ򷭳һӡĵسħϷȥ
ٺ٣Դڵˣ
ħڣԪȴҶȵ汾ʱʱ̿໥ӦģħϽ⿪ӡȻһĴСľԴͬһ͸һʮּӲʡ
ԴɽıԴɣ
Ϲ֣Ǳӣˣٺ٣İɣһˣ޷ƽ˵ıӡ
ħϰѾԴ֮С
̫գؿڣǸҪóѪ˰ɣ
ಣ
ħιϵ̯֣һνɫѪֻС̺ѪϢȴϢ
ֻӵûԣѪȴģ
̫ЦеضѪɫˮƣѪħͷǴңôһʬ壬ס޽֮ݺᣡ
ߣǵõʬ壬ڻлվĵ񲻻᲻֪һѪǿϣѵħϷô̰ҰĲ
ףħ㵹˵ˣΪɽ粻ϲ£ǾˣֻһѣӵоϢһɢﶼû֮װɥѣ
ҵȻֻ֪ħϣû뵽ϸԭΪǸϴ֣ȴĻ
̫Ϊضħ޵
ħͻͻЦڨڨӣɲҪջ㲻Ϲ˫ޣǱΪѣ㣬ϧ
̫˰ɣ
̫治ٴħϡ
ħϣⲻ˶ã
ǶһϹƿ޶ԣģѾ˶


938 ɵ
ħ֮⣬ϿƯһ󷨣
֮УͻҶȡ񽿵ǧħǿߣγɶӪҶͻ˲һжôȻݰΧ֮С
ڣ˫ħѴɹʶ
ַ˭ҲҶҲһƬƵģ
ʱһʱʱһˣϼ仰ͻҶһжϹ̫Ѫʱ֣Ҳɵȣܵжɣ
ҶصһЦǺǣΪħϴѪֵõԴϹ̫滹뿪𣿡
һħǰһ˵ƣ̬ȻͶɱģ
ǾнʱҪҶ֣Ǹɵ۾Ի֣ħϴˣһնݳ
ٺ٣ڷ̫˵ѪǳħϵʱǸ񽿣ҪõģŮǳΪԸˣ¶Ըɵۣ˻Ǹԣ
ͻһ󼤶رǶǾŮ񽿣һ壬ħ˫ߣо޴
ħȴ½㻹Ҫһ£
׷ɱɵϾҪҶȰһֱǣҶǵһ£Ҫͻȥ졣
¾˵ͻûһ˿ԥϴӦ
ͻڣħڣûһŮӣкܴϵħڹߵ÷ǳҵˣһкܶҪ£ڼ䣬ͺúͨħԴҲ֣Ӧͱˣʱһ㣬һħڣ
ҶȻ飬ħڵ䣬ҶһĲҲǶԸħķ֮һ
ʵҶͼɽ벻ѣϴαʦݺұ硭
ȻͻؿҶȣ¶ЦݣȥħУħʿ֮أҲʶʶħʲôҲΪѰ䣡
Ҷȵǵ͹ͻ᪣޵ԭҲԼ׷󣬾ʹ˵ܿϹ̫棬ұ㲻ɱǣΪܣߣħݺħ磬޷裡

ӵԲۣΪࣿ
ͻ᪻û⴦룬Ϊ࣬ħڣһݺ޵֣˵Բڣɽ磬޵еĴڣοһڳۡ
ĸ߶ȣѽӽڡ
ֻҪһǣͻǻԭ
仯Σ
ͻ侲ĵʵЩȲ
ҸǵѪͬһ㣬ǲڶʱģһǾˡҶһֱʩչԪͨħ֮⣬ħϣκζָơ
λʦ֣ҿħкܳʱܳɵȥһԹúϢ
Ȼ䣬񽿴һȺŮҶͻǰʮȥҷһ
¹
Ҷͻ¶һ黫̾񽿣вħ֣򹬵ȥ
㲻ԾϹ̫Ҫʼ֣նħұۣ
գҶȾ͸ܵһɾ޴ѹŹͬΪһ壬Ǿֹģ˵ͿʼҵĲ
ڰУ߶Ĳ
λ룡
ɫ˵
ٺ٣ӣҵС㣬ɫԻң⹬֮УҪնɱɣ
ۿҪħͻȴͣס͵õҶʾȻɫ˲䣬ɱǰ綯˵Ůӡ
ߣɲ㣡ħ
ͻȻħ֣ͬʱһӡ
ͻͻͻ
ʱ䣬Χسһɾ޴ħ⣬ֱӽգħͻΪܻ棬ΪһƬħ
úݶ㣡мˣٸʦ𣡣ͻųһ麹Ҷ
ǴﵽԲǿߣٸС
񽿴ʱɫ£һɱӡ󷽣ʦ֣СնɱǣҲյʦķ
Χʦã
һӵ޶·ˣһִ͸
ɵۣĺãĺãҾϵΪϹƵĵӣ϶ҪϹƵģ
Ȼһ¶ֵЦݡ
ͻ᪱ҶȣٻɵۣҶȾ֪񣬾ɴ룬ûϹƣҲûз̫ڣҶо԰գնɱɵۡ
ɵ۵걳ֶ죬ɱһֵӣжԸ󳬼۵ʵʣӵзߵƣҲܴ⣡
ʦã뵣ģǶֻǶˣһȺСආѣǵĿɽħϲҲ
ڱħƿص֮УһλӣôȻشǸʮ߰µ꣬ʮ塣
ˣɵʩ񣺡ʦ֣
ɵ۲ɵʮԲȴڳۣӭ֣ݣ֤˵ʵ
ɲǼ䣬ҶĿȻȻϡ
ˣҲֶӣһλԼʵħˮɵۡ
ʾǷǷҶȶĸӦΪǿģֻһۣһƣ͸оɵۣһ޷׽
ʦãѹһˣԸһ
ɵ֮󣬵ʲãɵΪȻֱҪԸһ𳬼ۡ
ΪҶڻôʦݣʦֱǳۣԣ˶ôʦ֡Ҷȡһ𳬼ۡ
ʱҶ߳һʮߵصɵۣ֪СһɵۣãҪһ㣡
ħϵĴӣԲۡ˼ʦ֣Ҳʦ֣ȻǾǶ֣ɵʮ׵صҶ
ɷħ
ҶȷʩչֶΣǴʦָеڳʵҪɵʵ
ţ
˭֪ɵ۾ȻԳ۹˿ûжܵ˼ŭһЦһȭͳҶʩչħ
䡫
ײʵʵ
ʱҶüͷһ壬빥·һһɽ޷ǰ˿
ǳۣǡѡˣ
෴Է
ɵɵΪȻ볬ײ֮ȫγ֣£ɭɭһЦ·γԶҶȡ
Ȼ
˲һĻˣ
ɵ۾ȻڳԿ£յһͶһɵۡûҶüӦɵۡʹһԣݺݵץסһħ⣬ΪӥצѸͳҶͷ­ץ
ӷһǳɣ
ಡ
ͻȻҶƺڲϵһ壬ͳħ羪ֵطߡ
¡
һй̬ɵ۷֮£һоˡ
ǿ
̫Եʵ
ɵʮףжԿԲǺεȵţԽɵսۣɽ֮١
ʣɵڻֶ죬ʣһҪɫţ
û뵽˲£ӳƵˣûгأ
ɵ̳ħ׷ȥ


939 ͬȸ߶ȵĶ
ɵҶȶתս֮ͻ᪾ͱְΧʵ񽿵û뵽ǣʥȾαװħͽȻһֲ̺ʵĶ֡
֮Уˣ
ʱħӡǰ
ɵٶǿ졭飡
絲סȥ·Ҷֿ˿󷽣һɹϢٶеĺۼҶصЦЦһڽ֮ϡ
ಡ
һѷ죬Ҷȴѷ˲ʧ
ٺ٣ӣ
ֻں֮䣬ѷոϣɵ۾ƳīƶΧһƬתĺڷ磬ҶȻҪ磬ֻͷһħͬԴȻû֮С
գˮ֮ϡ
ಡ
ӰٵشշӶһǰһǧף־룬ǿ˵ֻһɶԶѡ
Ҷɵۣ
˾һԳ۸еٶȣｮ֮ϷУ紩ʯ׾Թ϶һԷʣֱȻ֮еĿ磬ﶼǵƾ
ʱȥ˼ֱɽٵطУǱܣʩչֻͨһۣ˾ͷɹˮǧɽ
û뵽Ϊħϴӣ̰һɵۣ˿־壬㲻ǿϧˣ
һؾɽĴأ˲žɽ۷ʽٷУɵ۽ں棬ʮдЦֹ
ٶȣ˵ȲֻǱһּԦѡ
ռǰǳۣǰҲһֻѡ
ɵۣбҽɽաǰǼٵ˵ͻȻҶȵ
ԭԼų۵ļգҲɵۣȻܵѹð취һԣΣ
ɵȫ
СۣСˣɵۣб£ҽգ
ֻҶ˵꣬һһѷˣѷһͷǺڰµգҶȺԥѷ֮С
ಣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɵ˫ְסѷ죬գ·Ҳмּɵǹϵطա
գ硣
ɽ籾һƬޣ޾ǻ磬Ŵʣһſźǣ޷ġ
ɵۻǳۣգܵٵѹȣվͻᱻѹ
һҴں֮УԵֵ籩ֵˣ֮Уܽ
ˣ
Ҷȴʱͷų۵ƣγɷ磬Ưڽ֮󣬿ɽ޴磬һӰ
Ŀ˵ɵۣ
Σ
ٶȱɽ࣬ɵۻ˳ҶǰʱͷŵķȻҶȣ٣ͷŵһɷƣȻʱʱշ籩໥ںϡ
Ҷȹ𾪣ССһɵۣʵǿҳϣ㲻ܣԦշ籩㵽ʲôˣ
ʵɣΪһ˵ѡˣΪǡߣеķߣ
ʱɵ۲չ˫֣ȫΪģֻƵģзĵطҿݺᣬ޷ĵطҿطУǷߣңɵۣ
ߡԭ㾹ȻǷߣɵۣңҶ㣿Ҷȹ̰ʵ
ңûʵڵĳۣоƿ޷ɶݣڣκγ۶˵⣡
ɵۿЦֹ
ಣ
Ҷȹϵѡռȥ
Ӳˣ
һʱ䣬ɵѡ׷ȥٶȣҶܴ󣬲ɽ֮У˷УҲǲ˼ġ
ں޵գȼյۣϵطУ׷Ҹϣѽǳ֮С
Լ죡
һƬϣҶȺȻӿն䣬˱ҲˣеؿǶĿۡ
ĵò˰ɣ
Լɵ۾׷ƬգҲ۵ҶȣͬЦ
ҶȸֶȫǴʦǸħ黫Įһ˿Ƶ֮ɵۣܸĸ֣֮·ĿǰΨһһͬǿУ
ɵȫҶ˵ʲôһŵغȵ˵ʲôͳΪҵūɣ
ҵݣҲüʶʶˣ
ֻҶеһ֣һ۲ˣһۣһɽ˷κν䣬ʶۣһ޴ɵ
ֶ죡
һ̣ɵ۲ɵһ㵡˼ҡҡͷֶ죬ô˦˦㾹Ȼֶĵӣ
ҶһֶӣҶȣոս״ӣȻСţǴδŹģξѩϤɣ
ϤȻϤѩ£ңϧĳԱѹˣҰװռ˱ˣ
Ҷһ仰ƺɵй˲дܿƶɢٴδҶȣ״ӣֶۣһʮӣŲʵǿ˹ܶ඼ڣҲܶԿģҶȣҼסˣҪɱңܣѵÿִˣ޻ΪǶҵϣ
ɱôֶӣʦţҪģǷΣοҲ֪״Ҳֶֻ֪һΪǵŶѣ
֮˼𣿡ɵ۷Цˡ
Ȼû˼ɵۣɵʮףɵףҺܸˣɵ۾֮Уֿ潻ֵĵˣɣƽһսɣҶȻ֣һץʥǹˡ
˵̫еˣҽɵʮףҲδκɵ۾ʿǵһҲΨһһˣħȣ
ɵϣһѱ̺ɫķȣԼߣңͨͷһԡ

Ȼһħ
ҶսʥǹֲĿˣΪϹ£Ϊ
ɵҲħȣطҶȣǷȣϢںϣȻˣΪֶ󷽸һǷߣ־зԵΪ˴ﵽĿģϹ£ƣΣ֪ǷߣǿҵĿܣ
úãһǵһ⣬ȷ汾£޷㣬̫⣡
ԷҶʩչʥǹȻǶ֣˲䣬̫ӿʥǹΪӵʥԵĹʥǹ
Ȼߣɵ־ȡ
һߣɣߣ
ҶյһȻԽ֮ǰٶȣֱ磬֮УѸײڶ֮ƣһǹɵۡ
ħȣ
ԵĹʥǹжɵ۸ܵˣӶħȣҶصһȡ
ꡫ
ħ绯ΪУضǣҲѹȣյķ籩ؾҶȡ
ʥǹп⣬ƹƹҵײףУҶȵһػƣҶȴӷ֮Ծ
Ȼ
˺÷飬ҶȾֲ֪֮ôˣõһ


940 Ķ
ʵǿȻҲﵽˮ׼
ֻһУ
ͬΪֵɵۣ֪Ҷȵʵȫ£ʵóħʱѾ֪ҶȺǿ
ҶȲǿؿƴʦ֣üħδ֣һУֻ˵ҶʵǿĪ⡣
ҶȻٴͷ̫⣬ʥǹԹԶĿҫۣҲǿҵôǿԼ֪ɵۣΪ֮;ĥĺۼֵˣ
֮Уֻһܻȥ
ħɵۣħɵһϢħȼںϴﵽһ£ɵ۾ںϵ˵ز
䲻ǾںϣȴҲɽ߰˰˵ߡ
ƣ
ɵ˲֣չֳ߶ƣ׵طӹգץħȣӰȻΪ˷С
ٶȡ
Уһ˵ٶȣﵽȵزһ֮УҲڵΪϧԷȴһɵۣҶһѹո߸ߵط
ձһУҶΧ£
ڰ׾
˴ٶֿ죬Сǵֲ캣ˣҶͨԺڰ񴫳еͨڰ׾˲߶
ٿٿ
غɫףҶΧγȼյ׷
䡫
оƱӣ춼ǣ׷˲û֮УһʱƲĦ籩
ʲôϢ
ɵһƣȻֹͣգǼ̲׷һģ
ΪΡ
Ϊ߶ħͷŵطУȫϢѹƣ·ףƿǡ
ֲСܳΪ״ӣɵףܿ󳬼ۣȻزͨ
ɵ۶ףһĪĵսľ
뷣
һ֮⣬ͻȻʹӷаΧ֮УֻҶ˸Ϣǰ˻Ƶơ
ϧɵۣķϵͨҵϵңҵԶղŲǿɣʶͨˣԲܻҶʩչ˻ƣֳ޼ս
Ե޼ڰ׾ѧҪͷſԵ
֮䣬ôѹԵ
ɵ۲ţִ߶ħȣ˲䣬ٴͷŸӰԵķƣҶڣһȡ
ݡݣ
ǵض
˻ƣ
˴һζطȻϲߣΨһԾκιǺҶֱӳӭ֮д߶˻ƣȻһ׹ơ
һУҶָһץ˻ƾסУ͵һһоǿرҶ˺÷顣

ͻȻɱҶֻӶ޼սһзײʮּӲб𿪣Ҷȱʧȥвִ̳һһһڵ֮ϡ
ɵ״̬
˻޼սҶ޼˻ףÿһʩչҶȴ޴ѹ
̫⡢޼˻ףǼΪټģһԸͷڣҶðѸͨõõĵطչʱ̡
Ҳᡭ
ɵһ֣߶ħȣͷųһ˽һ˵У֮з籩ƣΪ
гԽһ˵ǿ֮
ֲɵնɱֵӣԿκڳۣƾֶΣɱ󳬼ۣҲѴһգնɱؼ˻Ƿߣٶȿûܼ֡
ɵۣ£ǳ£
ȻѲ
һһ˵УҶȶЩҺãҲž޴ƣ֮ߵ
˻ʩչþ޴ޱȣҶָγָ̬ÿһλ֣ץסУȻ޷ͳͳ飬ȴ԰ѷɽա
޼սҲֲһδεؽ棬ûһδ·磬ѷжһ
ɵɵʮףӵжԿڳʵҶɵףѾԶԿڡ
࣬Զ׼ġ
Һɵ۶ҶһҲ˽⣬֪Ҷ죬;βͣˡ
ɶֶ쾹Ȼֹܳţɱô´εΪۣʮң֣
ʱ˿̣ڷаΧȦ֮գɵѸо޴вħȣͷŵԣȫͬ
ͷҲʼһƯ衣
Ҿǿڴɱ㣬Сӣ㣬½ҵ֮ħ
ɵ˫ذסħȣϵӿ֮У߶ǿĹ󷨣ݺᣬγɷ籩
籩У
ͻȻɵ罣˫ץסħȣ·þһҶգͷųǿĹ
ಡ
ħȳ
һ籩Ϣа׾޴ÿһתͰһʯе÷飬ƻ޷
һƷ˵籩֮£˲ᱻиƬ

ɵͷ˷·ˣž޴籩İٱЦҾͲţܻȥϧ㲻ǳۣ
ǿķ籩
к󶷷Ҷȣʯ󼹹Ƕڷ̫˼
磬ǹ
ħһϷȫͷŵĹ֪
籩²ڳۣ޷⡭ãĺãԽһأҲ޷ԽңԽħҾҪҵĹ籩ʤһ
֪籩ҶȾȻЦˣӭֱϣħֶΡ
š
˿̣˽պԶһʯϡ
һ꣬ǾҶ档
ħ
ô򵥾Ҫʧ뷨̫ˣһɵʲô㻹ٸǿĵˣ֮ʱҿĻжӲ
ħҶȵĺڰ޴ڣ죬ҲҶĺڰϵһ
ܲģһֱںڰβҶȣȴᣬҶȴ
ƣ
аΧ֮УҶ׷ɱһ϶ǾĴ籩޼սһն

ҶȾȻûܴ籩籩ƺҪ籩ɵɭɭһЦ·Ը˫һϣ籩ƶħſ죬һͰҶȸС
ͣͣ
籩֮УɲǼ䣬籩Ƿɣ֪жٷķУиҶȵķ
ҶȵķÿҪ飬޼°˻Ҳ޷סɡ
ǿǿԪ
ȥǿķҲᱻ˴ܶȹ߽⡣
޵˾Ԫʩչˡ
ңں޼ս
ֻҶ˫һӣ׽һһΧȻͿʼ籩תķ淽ʼתҶȣγɽƿĹơ
ݡ
ʱҶȸоԼĤҪ˺ѡ
׽籩ؿ⣬˺ѡĦ֮Ҷ綯һ˺ѷ޷ʹࡣ


941 ֵõһ
ҵĴڡ
ɵŭŷ籩ڣ籩ҶȣŭˣƻΪȼҪʬ޴棬籩Уռӳ֣
ɵۡ
ҶȻٴͷ쳣עħ֮УħʱɵһȣƵ籩Ħγɣߴס
ͻͻͻ
籩գʼĦزƣֻĳ۲ͷš
һԽɵۣﵽ۸߶ȵս
ܶȵĹֻý
ҶѾǿԼǵضʱѾԪɵĽ
ҶΧƯһ׽ʱתƺҪҶȲͷٶԽԽ졣
֮⣬Ľ籩Уεؽ棬꽻Ѵﵽ˼صز
ɵʩչħȣһɽȥ籩ɽ»᲼鴥ĿĵĹۼ
ҶȵһˣҪͬʱι֣ãģɶǷǳ޴ġ
籩籩ںʱҶٴδ߶޼˻ףһ׽γһԲεĽ

籩籩ںϣγһӿµĴ籩ʱ籩ÿһεĦƱصѾﵽŵزҶһ̫СѾݴ籩֮С
þûбƵֵزˡ
ɵǱ˪˵Ƶģһѣħ֮ϣСӣҾͲģҿ㻹ֶܼãԴԴϰɣ
Ĳ𣬵棡
ɵۿЦʱҶȴ˿̲ûдǲϵͷ޼˻ףӳֽ󣬶Լڽ֮С
һ಻Ľ棬˭ֵ˭ʤߣ
սͻȻ󣬱ƽ
Ȼһж󣬴ʱӴ籩֮еҶȣٵѹ֪籩ɵǿں϶նɱڳۣҶֻɵס
ﶼǾֹģ
Ҷȴʱ𶯣Ȼ𶯣ȴ˳һ־ֹ״̬õɵۣԷóȻɱֻԴУңͷ籩ҲѾɵ۵ļޡ
ֹΪֱģھ֮УѰҳ·
籩ÿһ뽣󽻷棬Ҷ뾫Һһ㣬Ҷȶں
Ҫһ籩Խɵۣ
ʱھֹҶȣʵ취ƽ籩Ȼ뵽ˣֻ˫֮Уص̫һ
񷷨򡭡
ʼᷨӡԽصķ񷷨һֳ̫һע֮Уϲ񷷨̺ϵ򣬺ܿϵ׽ںϡ
԰һоֹͳͳջᣬϵֿƽ
ʱҶȷ·ڴ籩ڲԴĴ硣
һˣͷųϢϵںϽ󣬽籩һδεع޴ĦײʱеĦ׷׵رγһ໥ųⲻµ״̬
״̬ʼ͸籩֮С
ף
ԭħȣϷɵۣȻΧƣֹͣƵģ̿籩һɻ󣺡ϢԾѵСӣƽ籩еķܣ
ɵٿվֳħȣ˸һɱĵԣ𽥷籩Ҫһ̽
ﾲֹһ
籩ڣ
ڽеҶȣȻۣĿһ̣ϸЦݣȻķ籩֮У෨ãǲΪԴȪ˶ʱһ־̬־ֹԶκ
ᣬƿأҲʧ
˶򡢾ֹ򣬾򣡡
籩ԿΣΣ־Ķǵع֮УҶȶڲ񷷨ãһ¥Ѳ񷷨빥֮Уһδε£Ҷò񷷨̺һֿµط

ңҲںϣҶȷֲھ֮䣬һɡ
һ壬ôﵽһ̶ȣȻȻξ򣬾òøӾ壬ӳʵ
ƺϡؿĽͬһһʱ򣬾񷣬棬ʱǹڡ
򡭡
ҶǴ籩ڡ
֮У籬ըƣֱˡǿԲ
˶ҶţһѾô죬һӾķ
ˣ
κҶȶģɵۿȻӦƲϵر׽ʼһ׽Ȼֹͣɾֹ֮ʼӡ
徲ֹɾֹƣϵ籩籩ȻһҲʼֹ
ʱ籩˼سΪ״ȴͻأؾֹɳĮ֮Уһ챻ʴʯ֮С
򣡡
ֻҶضžֹһ㡣
ȻֹĴ籩ӽΪۣʼһʯһʹӽʼ飬˲籩
䡫
գ籩뽣˲߹Ƶģ
񣡡
ڿ籩ɵۣ˱ˣƿףȻͷضǶĿҫ
⡭
ɵͬʬ޷һ£ľؿգȻȫƽҵĹϧɱ㣡
ִ׷ɱ㣬ɵۣҶȵմݶ
Ҷò£úãȥԶҲнСӣ´ټʱһҪɱ㣡
ಣ
ɵ۾ȻתңԶɽ磬߲ʶĿȥֻգۣͬȼһ㣬žۣȥһƬա
Сǧ
Ҷȴ֮߳ԶۣӦһ
磬ģܲˣ
Сǧɰ˷ܵ˵
˿̣ٶȣˣҶȾֱӴɽٶȣԽգֻ˲䣬ͳԽɵۡ
û뵽ɵɽ꣬Ȼһɵ׵ϡ
ҪﵽɽʥʱɵۻͷһֺʲôûУ֪ҶѾԶԶ˦ں󷽲֪һƬ֮С
ߣٶȲƣ
ʱһɵ۲𣺡ɵۣĪҪ⣬˵Ҫɱ㣬Ӳˣ
ɶ㡢㾹Ȼܸҵٶȣ
ɵ𺳣ϧҶӰ
Ҷȵĵش˷Ǹ㣬Ҳѡ˶֣֪ΪʲôҪ㣿ΪרΪķʶҸպܿ㣡
Բѣڹʱ䣬ȼձԪ
ʱɵѡϧɱطʽȼձǿʩչԽ۵ٶȡ
ͣ
һ
׼ȷ˵һ̺޵֮Ϣɵۺһ㷴Ӧʹеգֱزš
ϴεõͨߣεõߡ
֮ɵţҶǿϯɵȫ޷Ԧ
ҶȴʱȻȻ߳Ѫһɵָۣ৵ץסͷ


942 м
ҪɱңǷߣ
̫һ޴Ԫָɵ֮ϣСҶУɵ۶ʱ
ʣ塣
ɵ˺ѷţǷߣҶȣͬţҪɱңԸһΪãΪū
ʣڱصõģԶʧ
ָͻȻûɵԺ˫һʧȥƵģڰػơ
ಡ
һķӡסɵԪѾҶֲ¸Īӡǣɵ۶ˣֻʬҶǰ£ˣ
Ϲƿʲộܵ
׿ɵۣҶȱҪϹƶ֣һħͬǿĴڣ˵ħϻҪǿｻ棬Ҫĵϸ
ɵľشϹһߣɵף޽֮صõһһʵ֮ڣݺ޵У
˾ȻɹƳ
֮Ҷһ𣬱
Ǭѹڳͷ֮磬칬޼֮Ǭõ֮ʵҶɵ۴ʱȻ߶޼ҶȽմ׷ɱݺա
ޣмܡ
ֱħֻۣ˵ҲǱ߶ȻǬ涷˼顣
ӵбʿǶţΪڻԵɺ֮²ܵõƳΪҪ
֮ԭҶȰɾҪ֮ԭΪһֻԵҪأɾǶ۾ƣֲԪ֮ùɾ֮ԭ
Ƕ۾û뵽ɽ磬һɵ۾ͷ֮ԭ޵дڣ˭Ҷȣ˹ڻԵ֮£ɾ͹ɾĴˣп֮ܰԭƳΪ
һж˵˶Ƶġ
ϹȴƳɹһΪһʵﵽ۷壬Ѿʡ
Ҷʡ
ɵ۵ϹƱһƷΪŻᦡܰƣϹһͨ޷ӳ
˵˵û˵
Ʊô򵥣ֱѹҶϸ˼һϰ취ʵá
ߣ
Ҷȴ߶Сǧ˲ɵۣһͬɽ֮С
ͼɽ
ķһƬž
㡢Ȼﵽ۷壡
ҲħΧʬƯţħڴʮαװΪħͽѾˣͻ᪣÷ӡѹ񽿣⼸λħŮһǷ̫ߺ
ԭڷ̫淨ҪħұۿϵħħĺС
ͻһˣ
Ϊ׼ħŮͻѹŲòһʵ
ٺ٣ʵ汻ȺˣˣԪѱҽҪǸ̫ϵ˲ͻɢ񽿣ҵʵҲˣҷȰһ䣬ĪҪҰɣ
ͻ᪵Ǻϧ񣬲⣬ȴΪ˽һҶ뿪Ҫ⼸ħŮǶǳΪħȴ½Ȼ֮еߡ
˵̣Ҷȥ֮󣬳Ϊͼɽħ
Σ
ЩħŮмͻʵ̫֮ϣڷ̫桢Ϲͷ
һͶͻ᪣̫Źǡ
ʱ˵ˣȰͻʦ֣Ȱ㻹ǹϷʵϹǰʦͰоҪħϣħһˣǶ֣ڷſǣͶ㻹
̫ˣͻҡҡͷ̾
񽿲ͻ⣬ȻԼ뷨˵С̫Įʦ֣ʵǳǿҶǶ֣λʦ֣ʵ㣬ᱻնɱһʦͻ֪һУǻ·һ
˵ɵۣ
ʱһ޵ϢȻħһ֡
ʦ֣
˿ȥ
ֻɵľҶ߳գȻҶȴʱѾָʦģ񽿵ħŮɵۣʱ˸ǿϣ
ϧǣɵ۸ǣҶߣˡӷħͻ᪻ϡ
ʦ֣ѵ
ɵ쳣֣ˣȺħŮһɵˣ·֪ʲô¡
ɵۣҾ֪ɱС˼
ͻһƳɵۣȻҶȱʾףҶѾ
ҶȵһֱģʱˣЩͳͳȥֻҪ񽿼ɣ𲻵ã
ã˴ȥӡ
ͻһ֣ħϵͽӲ෽ӿֻһˣһһȥ
ʱħֻʣˡ

ͻȻҽһ˾ʧȥ֪ΪɵͬĴڡ
ʵˣҶջط֣ѰԪӡȫΪԼһ߶ѡ
ҿħϰѪǳɹؼ統ôʦֶħϳһȻΪԱһһѪϹ̫Եȥȴ޷Զٸ³٣
ƿ֮ҶѾϸƻھƻֻһҪߣܵ˵㲻ɹͻ᪶԰ȫ뿪
ǾҪȥҶȾͲʧܡ
˿̣ħ֮У
ৣ
գħϡ̫桢ϹγǣϿգһ޴󷨽֮УһƯ֮еѪһֱϵںϣʱѪϢѪӴ
ȥ꣡
ѪȻûϹơ̫涼ûֳټ꣬෴ѪԽ˵ԽһںϣͿӵѪϢԽгۡ
Ϊİߣ

ȻһֱֹѪ·ܵǿͣЭƵģ·ˮڹ๾ðһ˿˿
ಣ
Ѫ䣬˼ͬʱۣħȳֱ֣ӻͷſֲħѪץȥ
ɶħ֪
̫ϹͰвúһУħϳѪͬʱѪħΪ֣ħϼͬʱץסѪΧ
ಡ
ʱ˼ԼǿֱѪ
һѪħ
Ѫ𽥰Ѫ˿ֱħ֮ӿȥӵпֲ̰пۺΪѪ
ٿٿٿ
Ѫ˿رħԼֲʮһѪϹָ̫մ󲿷֣ħԴ·磬ȳ֣õѪҲʮ֮һ

Ѫʧֲõؽ磬̼飬ըƷˣ
ħͷ㵽Ҿ㿴ɣ
ʱ̫߸ߵطħΪӰûޣɫһ»Ȼʣ漸Ҳ˲ʧҶͻ᪣ɵۡѹҲ㵵ؿ䡣
ھͷÿһԭһۣ־Ǹ֣ҾȻûп
֮ͱ׵Ľ磬Ƭգֻˣκʴڡ


943 ѹϹơ̫
һħ󣬳ѹƬռ䣡
̫ϹƴӱԵһħ룬̫Цħϣ˵ףҪ뿪ܣǵõѪѪǵʵ֣Ҳ޷л
УԴȱװø㣿
ϹҲ¶ɭɭЦݣһо֮УɵڳۣҪģֻںɵܼȡԣ֮ԴҾԴ£о޴ã
ԭͰйһħ֡
ħͿǰɣʿ֮䣬Ī˻㽲ʲôŵԣ̤Ҫıȡǵıע³
޵磬ֻһҪôˣҪô˳ԵǲãͱԵɣˣֺα̬
Ϲɲһ˸ħϺ󷽣̫һǰһ󣬶½ȥ·ϹƽΧظһ㵭غơ
ħǳ׻ϹƼ嶼ںϺ֮УħϾһϢĪǱ
Ϲƻ֣壬Ȼ໥ںϣûǺƻΪһħΣʮְԵȻȻʵȻҪǿֶΣնɱ˿ᣬõһʲô޷ںϣȴƳɱ㲻ҵĶ֣
ǻæ
֮ʱ̫濴һ񽿡ɵ۽л
ǣ
˰Ҷͻ᪷ӡסȻգɵ̾ʩչħȣҲʩչһʮƷ
̫䣺ħ·ɻ
ǾȻˣ
Ҷͻȫͬľͷˣ޷ħһɫһץһϢΧ
ʦ𣡡
ɵϹߣֳħȡ
Ǹɵúܺã
ʱҲ̫ߣ̫ԼˣܰħϺ·ˣһ⡣
Ѫ䣡
֮ʣҶԴʦݣĮȻһӥ
ţ
ɲǼ䣬ȫƿؾϹ̫棬ڲֵʼӰ٣ϢֲʱȻʼѹ
һ𾪡ɻ
ǱͻȻ䣬ʱߣŲɵĵӣһ˿У˳֡
ɵʩչߵٶȣϹȫѹʱӶħȣֱ罣һϹǻ
͡
̫Ҳ벻ԼĵŮӣ񽿾Ȼȫر߶ǼʮƷѪ֮С
һʱ䣬һѡ
Ϲ̫ԱԼŵˣش

ͷͬħһ³붼޷Ī֣ɲǼ仳ŭһһУȫѹɵ񽿣÷ɳԶ
Ҳħһ³Ǳշ
꣡
ħһֱһԣںħϹƹȥϹȲѾӭħһѪ
˭˭
ϹƱЪ˹
ֻҪǣ
ʱӰҶͻ᪡
ֻϣ
Ϲֲš
ҶȻħǰһħ˭Ϲƣ̫棬ڵѪǲ춯޷ѹߣ˵ǣǿ߶޷ѹ
ѵѪҲĹ
Ϲ̫治ԸţǻҶȣʵǣϽյȷС
ҶȵʲãǿߣƱͻȻ壺ȻĪǣǻΪħóѪ
̫ΪŮӣҲϼ޻һصˣΪΣԩ޳ֻħеӣȡħϣҲ԰㣬ǿԺǰ㣬ǸãΪҪΪУ
ҶͻȻһݣǾͲףҸǻᣬҪڳһԱǵԪ򡭡³ħһΪһʬ⣡
СӣˣֶΣ㻹ţǻ֮أ
Ϲ̫ˣħ϶֣Ѿӡ¶ҶȵĲɵȻѡ˶ߡ
ৡ
˼ͬʱźħȥٶ֮죬˾̾
ǲöɵĽ磬ȻԦȥ磡
ֻ̫͹ҶȵֶΣ

һδȥۿγһĴͨϹֻ̫һܶ봩ͨ
ϧûлᡣ
Ӧ˵ҶȲԼǿС
һɾ綾ϢϹơ̫ڱͷѸһʹؿʼץƤѪȶǾ֮ӿƤ˲俪ʼãҲָõĶҺ
ʲô綾
ҶȻָģʦѳΪȥħϡͻ᪣дѪɵ񽿣ͷʹҽеĿС
ͻ𺳵ؿǰһĻͷоͷеƣΪؤƵģʹӻڷ
־綾ڶмܣħ֮
ҶȻѾ綾Դͻ᪡
Ϊ綾ʵԳͷ֮磬ĥѪڵľ綾
綾жٷ߱ĥȥٵǿߣһӱ綾ĥʲôڡһ޷мܡ
칬
Ѿ綾Ѫ֮УԸϹ̫棬֪˭ţһƿѪѪ֮綾
Źǣǳ
ԼʮϹ̫޷סһˣӣҶġ
Уͷ֮ķߣͥ壬Ϲơֱֵ̫һᣡ
Ҳûãͻ᪣ӵԪ񣬻鷳ҾΪĨɱԪ񣡡
ĻǽͷݣವһҶȱϳ֣Ϲ̫ͷһ㣬Ծ˲ĨɱԪֲ½ӡǡ
ӴˣϹơ̫桢ħϣ񽿣Լи֣Ϊãְɣ
ĨɱԪҶȱ㸺ֶ˺һ
лˣҾͲ
ҶѰһͷԪǰװװЩ͸ͻ᪵ܣߣͻ᪺β⣬һϣѼһţʩչԪӡǣϵעַӡƿħ
ϹƵ̫ıеһУҶȶ˳㵱˸˳ˮ飬ͳͳͻ᪡
һ顣
ͻ᪲õеıؼ˵ϻͻ᪴ӴʵֻӶ٣û˻֪֣ͼɽв
û뵽Ҳһ죡
Լ칦ͻ᪲ɷӡȻħóԴҶȡ
ԴҶȱı޷
ϲϲҾʹȥԺǻħģҶպþԴȻɵ֮Уʹ˸
ģҵĽ죬Ͷɣ㽻£ͻڣҾͻȥħУ
ͻصҶʩ
Ĵˡ
ڣҶȴͻǰƾյʧͻ᪷ʱöδع
ʼգͻ᪶֪Ҷȵϸֻ֪Ҷ̺˰ֶΣо֡Ҷȡ


944 ͻɵĽ
ɽգ
ৡ
һۣͬǾ޵ػա
СǧӦ뿪ħȴ½˰ɣҸطҪúһŹȥ꣬ɽ罻ỹ꣬ʱܳԣͻɵĽף
СǧγɵĽ֮УҶվ룬һڴ˵
ţ
ֻգ֮䣬СǧʹŽ磬ɽ֮С
һ嫵Ĳԭǰͻ⣬̵Щۡ
磬ֻҪһ󹦷ѣУǾԴǱ
СǧֻЦ˵
򣡡
̧һ̤·ʼ磬ķӡ˲Ƭա
ҶȽɵףƿص󵽿Կһɳء
ԴȻȥٺúУʱ䲢ԣСǧѪ飬úøӦһµɴȥǸʱڣ
γ֮κ壬޷磬һ磬ҶȾͻ˲ӦСǧ򣬲ѪҶó䣬УҪ򾲶
֮У
ָȻĪ⣬Ҷ޷ں޷ץסʱ䷨򣬷ͿԵʱ䷨ʱ䷨
һգʮ壬ͼɽɱ¾ǸˣǿѪҺռ䣬ҲֻԣǼѡ
죡
ҶȲûеһʱ䣬򾲶򣬶ǡٻεõһ𲻿˼֮

ٿ
Ҷٻӵ֮У৵طɳ
ոճھռ䣬ԾԣʱӦĴڣ޵Ĺԣ׸֮ϡ
ûų⣬ͷŵԣ֮УԣȻҲ
ʱȥǷ̳֮ϣЩĵͼڣΪڲʡ
Ҫ֮Ужٲ˼Ĺ󷨣ַӡ
Ԫ৵ؽ֮С
һʱ䣬Ҷȼ󷨣һһһ޴磬ŵ˵ڵ󷨿ռ䣬ħȴ½һ޴
˼񼣣
Һھ䣬ҶȲõʱ䣬ԦԪ֮УϵطУһ󣬿ϧüȴ޷ںϣΪ󷨣ѾԽɵҶҲ޷еġ
ģǶΨһû󾳽磬ûȥ磬ƽ⡢֪еġ
һһ죬һһ꣬ҶȾڵ֮УȥҶ㣬Żعǧôȥ
ûо䣬Ҷʱôȥ֮УΪ㡣
öģϸĵͼȻķӡӦµĺܶܡ
ڣҶ룬һ֮ȣһϵԹɴͨɵʵʣлΪʵʵͨ
֮УŴķӡϧǣҶ޷ȥƽ⣬Ȼһ̨·ù鷿ڷһŻĻ񣬻֮еڴһȭ
ȭ
ĸ֣ҶȻʶģ
һȭʮֵûоʽ·ҪҶȥͨҶԪ϶Сǧںϣȭʵһ־п»Ŀռͨ
ȭ̺ռƻΪ𣬿ɼһʵôǿ
ڿռ֮ϵͨҲ˵ûжԿռƿأ޷ʩչȭģҶֻҪһۣ͸Ż֮ϵһȭԼؿռ顣
һȭһɽʱգɽʣ黯Ϊ

ȭһЩںڻͨռûʽﵽľ硭
컭ҶȼֱУ·ܵȭϧ̫ͣˣֻͻ󣬲½빬ȭİء
ܺáһ
ǼǧȥҶ˽ţ˿ûջ޷ģֻε뿪졣
ಣ
Ҷȵ֮УҶȵҶУµõĿؿˣܣҲֻԲںʩչ
ҶȻ֪ȼԿóǳԽĴڣ磬ҲһǷ
ʩչҶȿʮأնɱκڳۣþڵԣƵʩչ졣
һҶȴﵽۣԿڶ⡣
񷷨򣡡
ھգҶȻػӶ˫֣·ھֹ˶֮䣬Ѱһƽ⣬ͣ׳ֳ򣬾Ȼþռ䲻ٵԣ򲻶ӿ
ϧҶſʼ򣬼Ϊ̫Ǵﵽһ磬ʩչ򣬿˲ͬһκ
أ
Ȼ䣬һֱ˯Ҷȼͷޣ׷ʩչ·ͬظӦֳԾϢȻٿһ޾ͽ롣
ˣһ󣬱ֻصҶȵļͷȻβͣ·ڿҶȣ
򣡡
һˣҶȾ߶ǰòľֹ붯ֻХķ˲һ̶ˮ
ǾԵؾֹ
ҶȲϵʩչӡ߶֮УһŻɫʵʣԼֱף˵һ⽵ٵʯ
Ҫᷨ򣬿˰治ףҶһһȥʱؾֹ
飡
ͬ޷ģҶֿʼע̫һӿ뾲ֹ֮С
Ȼһع̣
ֹеͨȫʧȥ˶ֻҪǳۣκɵ뾲ֹ򣬶޷ӳȥҪ̺˲ض
֪ãҶʮֳضžֹһӡ
¡
龲ֹ򣬾Ȼ˲ѣ飬ΪһƬӨĹ⻪ô޴ʵȻ״̬
ֲ̫
֮Уƻں񷷨򣬾еʵڿֲ򣡡

ҶȺȻۣƯͫͷһ⣬˾ʹӾռʧ
֮У
ΪβѾһӵӼ̣
һʼͨÿһؾֹҶһͿʼָʼ˶磬һҲ̺ĹϢ
䡭
򣬶Ҷ˵⣬̫һӵͨҶȻˮɣ׷ֻǽ֮ϡ
򣬲Ҷȶͨ
һ򣬼һãҶͻȻһֲƣΪƽٻ棬
ž
ţҶϤ飡
ɵһ׵ףȶ󣬶ͻأʮѸֻͣ飬ȫϸûж仯
֮ȻɵҪһҪ࣬һٶȣΪÿٶҲߺܶࡣ
ɵĽףʵߣֻǲǰ㾪ˣϾɵѴﵽ۷壬ͻУһһӡ
ٿ
ҶȸܽɵĽףľ˱仯֮ʱһٷɽͬǴճҶȷ


945 ͥ
ٷͻƺڰɽնԴ޷
Ŷ
ոսɵĽף򾲶ʵҶüͷһ壬ٷ϶֮˴ݶ
ǳնϢʥɳɽйɾػ˭ٷ
һҶȱһԽգǿԪ֮УŷٷವһС
ɽ
һΪѹŮӵٷ֮г֣ţһɱ̵Ϊ̬ٷ֮֡
塭
ֻһӵУǾ塣
ɾ½磬ϽΨֻ塢ˣ˳ȥѰĴУǧȥʵѾɵ۾硣
ٷ޷ݵԶɽ硣
ʵԽǿٷ룬ͻԽңԶ
ٿ
ܿ죬ɫγһͼɽ磬´½
ʱСǧö𣺡磬´½һ֮أǴϸԪʱγɵһأʿѰŻϹ
ãϳɽ磬´½Ҷ߶
ৣ
ҶȾ罭ӻ뺣󣬺ų⡢ĦؽɽգȻ·Ԩһ޴ɽȥ
Ǿ֮µİɽ磬ҶȻΪһƬɹ⣬ʧڰɽһ㾧Ө֮ϡ
´½ڰɽʱ֮Уʿ˵ʮİģΪΣգһЩǿɵ۽룬̤ء
һȥһƬѩǵرѩء
ݡ
ƣпգҶһۣ̤´½ͷϱ˶ëѩƬ
裬ͬʩչħȣƻһʣֲΪں£
ϸһЩ㣬ʮֹ죬в㣬ڻɫʣһЩޣԶرڱ֮£ƺͻȻγɵġ
ȷϹϢ´½ھԪʱҲһɽʧȥ磬ʧȥֱӸƬ½һ嶼ҪոǳҲ޷
ӦƺˮǱ㣬ӱ·ܵһɹǳϢʮֹɽؼģǼ֮еĿֲʣЩʣǱģǣ޷
ڱپϸ꣬δӡٷ֮С龻֣
ãã´½ϹšʣԼ̫ӣգҪãã½ѰҳǴ롣
ҺãҶӵзǷͨ
ٿٿ
ֻ֮󣬴üĴͷһʥ⣬Ҷ俴ҷƮŶëѩգӦˣϢʧСǧ죡
龻ֲԸ֮еܸӦһˣڷޱ䣬ôһΪؼĴ֮С
ݾʧ˵ڵ㡣
Σ˲߶Сǧʧȥ
໡
޵ڱնоҪñѿѩڡ
Ƭʮֵأȫʧ¶͵һƬأһʥɽһصҶֻҶÿƬҶ³һɫΧޣػ
ڼɽ֮䣬һ磬ڲС
ܣƯʮӵϢźܹϻ۵£һˣվһͷԳͷԳͬ³룬˫֮ϢһӵſһͷµԳ
Գ޴ޱȣһСɽҪ߳٣ԼףӴÿһëˮͰ֡
ˣܳţʮ˰ɡ
Աһ˫ֱסһɽٸ߸һɷǣ˶޷еĶʡ
һһѡ
ԳͷǸµ꣬һͷ˫磬ڲͬҲȺ䣬ҡҡͷǸʹȻ֮Ůӡ
һλаЦȻ֮ǹͥľ޴ƣǲĴߣЩˣҪһͳ
³ŮӡҲɱ˫޲һӵصҲһ˿˿ʥ֮ǵ޳Բھͻӵɲ֮ɲ֮һգҵõܴı䣡
ŮʮܿǼһ󣬲ҲֻһԿ磬Ѿû٣ٺ٣֣Ůǲ˺ģһλˣƺͷһƽ硣
һУƿġ
Ϲǹͥ˫֮ܱЩ˵õˣʦܼӰѾ󷨣
ȻĿ
ã
ˣ̤һһгһϵϢ顣
ꡫ
һֲףȻӿ飬·£ٿһͱ׷ǣ׹ͬڽ֮гһѺۡ
ƣ
˿ѷ죬˫һϣѷһˡ
䣡
ӿѷ죬ͺȼͣ绹ڼ֣Կһīɫӡڲصֿš
ܿӡϹ֮͵ԭɣԱһˣٿȻ֣һ׹ɵ׶£ŽŴһҧڽ翪ʼ顣
ӡ壡
ŷ飬ϡﻩʧֻһɫƳɵشӡŶĿع⣬ˡ
ˣ塢š
һ֮ͷԼ߶ɫӡͬȼս𵤣
ʮ˰Χ£񱻴׵Ķ
ӡһһںϣκʮƷƾǣ֮Ҳ֮Կ⣡
Գͷĳ꣬ͻȻӶ䣬֮Уһӡưѹ
䡭
ӡֱԴݿƣѹɫӡ֮ϣһƾʧˣɫӡסҪߡ
ಡ
ͻȻһˣ׾Թ϶ʮ˷֮⣬գһŲɫӡ֮ϣǳ겻¡
ˣҪһ֣ǿܾҪ屻ŲţһϢףŰˣ˿
ΪˣҶȣ
֣Ȼһ֣
Ҷȳ֣˺޲Щ˶򵥣ȻóҶжͨؼ볤⡣
ùϵϢ
ҶüͷһɨһˣǵϢأǰκ޷εģϹϢǹͥˣ
һ¾Ͳ¶ǵݣ㲻һˣ
Գͷһһ˿趯ϧ˭ֻ·һ˴´½ϹĴڣΪʴȣŻϹΪ֪ԣǲٷŹһڣ
Ϲ
ɲǼ䣬ҶһƲţٿɽ֮һſƺǰһ̾ţҪȡϹ˫ޣϹǴ˵еģ˫ʥͨ
Ϲ˫ʥ
˫ߣҪڶʱȻҪ򣬶Ϲǲ֮ѡ


946 ۷
ǲ˭ɽηΪǰ㶼
ɫ֮䣬վԳͷǳ꣬ҪҶȽնɱ
Ҷȵ꣬ԷʵǺǿģǰͥˣһǵһνӴͥһˣֻʹޣȻ˺ҵѣҲҵıǽһҲ뿪´½

˳꣬ʮ˶쳤Х

һλ߳һϢ·һ𳬼µسֻɵף
ɵףڰɽѾǾͷеľˡ
ؼɽصϹͥɽû˻֪´½ܡ
һ˻ˣʼΪ󣺡֣̫ˣΪʯְɣ
ƣ
ɲǼ䣬һɹγһһռ䣬ŻˣͻͻͻسҶȺɱ
ɽռ䣬飬ɵڰɽ޵
һȺСආ
ҶͻȻһ䣡
ͣ
ԦƶĻˣһǰĵһ֮ͷȻ룬ձһժ
¡
룬ֱڷͷŵʧȥƿأ˲ݺתȻɢ
֣
Ϲͥˣ˲ϢһĿɿڴӺˣֻ֪ԭؾ
ͣ
һѪ
ʮˣգ֮䣬һͷ­֮ժΪʬ׹·ãء
һȺ
Ҷ˲ջ䣬һ磬գп򳤷꣺ˣʵӦÿԵֵҼУ
ǿ
ʱһУһϢΪһɫʯʣ·ԳһˮͰֵë⬵ſ
оɱƺҪµ
ǵһȥҸоܲѰӦûкܶⱬǳ۵ӣϿָʵ
ֶһԻʱ
ֻǾһҶȱʩչԪ塢˲Ųǰӽˡ
ҪСģ˴δ֣ϹȡһЩʮָмصͷŶһʱ˷һա
գֻʣҶ볤ꡣ
ϵ磬źĹǵı籩ָںϣγ޷ӦҶȲؿ򳤷꣬ΪЦҲأߣ
Ҫɱ㣬ҲҪɱң˭Ҳ뿪ֱԷһȥ
û
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶˣðޱȣվǰһıӦøصĿռɣ
û뵽ĸӦУѴﵽֵزҵķԡضԶǽأ
ƺҲҶһͨٴУֻԳͷԼͻһץڵĿռ䣬ȻΪӲޱȵػʯ㡣
Ȼ֮ҶȻһץһ޼սˡ
ղɱЩѣõҲȻ֮ɣǹͥҲһϵϧ
ݡ
˵֮䣬ָΪɫʯʣһȭҶֱһȭȥ
꣡
ɫʯԽգȻּĦ֮ɼôǿܰѿռ˲ɡ
񣡡
ԪƿգҶָһץһɹ֮ҪɱĻɫʯץסȻָһһɫʯʾˡ
ǿ᣿
˺𺳵شҶȣʵȻﵽɵ۸߽㣬һܰɽ編ѹȡ
֪̫ˡ
һԪ£Ҷȴգ޼սѾɱ볤򣬾Ŀһɡ
Ŀ磡
ֵٶȣ
䣡
޼ս˲ϢҪնɱֻԳһƣգ޼սպô档
оʯԳƾʯҶСϣԸ޼սԵ̫С
ͻͻͻ
ֻ꾹ȻȼգˣķɽȻʼֲһصĽ磬У߳һӰ
Ǹղʧĳ꣬˿̵һ£һۣһɽؼϺϢ
ɵۣһ𳬼ۣ
һ𳬼ۣȻڰɽ磬ʲôܣ
Ҷһ̾ۡ־ͷھɽ綼޵еĴڣȻɽ磬һ˻磬һӵĶڣӦǽ֮аɣ
֪ԳɱһڱصõģһֱδԳһɱ
໣
Գ޴ڶԳԽ壬Գжôǿ󣬿֪ʱԳƵסҶȵ޼ս˿ɼһߡ
Ҳ׽Բأ
ҶȾȻɷԳתͳȥ
֪ǳΪ㻹ɱСӣɵ۵ͽΪԶҲ³ۣ
䳰ȷӿɫγɾ޴пռ䶼ֹͣƿء
ǳĿ
ͻͻͻ
ɫ򲻶ϵ죬ѹÿռ䶼飬ռǾһ𣬾춯أһС
Ԫ񷷨򣡡
޵˵ǿͨҶȴһ֮У˾ͷɫ򣬽ͻΪһӰȻڻɫռ䣬طС
ܣܣôӵڳʵ⿴Ҷ֮Уһ޷
ʵǣҶ򣬼ݺɱ
Ϊǳۣ÷ں֮С޼ս
ٷеҶȣֳһ쳣µ޼ս˸ȫǵϢ
̫ʯ
ʾͷŻɫγɷȻ৵طҶȣҲһһɫͬʯͷɵı
ǿնɱ㣡
ͻɵĽףҶʵȻܾˣһޱߵĸоҿɵжˣҶʵϵؽӽۡ
ݡ
һ׹֮һʯ֮ջ

Խ⣬ʱ·£ʧȥ˹Ҷ볤꣬ͣ٣һ̣Ȼﵽһֲº˵ز
ܡôпⳬ۵ʵȫ߶֮УɫӿС
ˣûѹҶȡ
棬һҵѹΪǵΣڰɽ磬һַܵѹƣ෴򲻻κѹƣ
Ҷ˶Ϊף޼ս˵֮һǽʯ֮һ
˵ʱʱ죬޼սʹüģȻͷ­˱޼սֲƣֱӸ˺ͷ顣
һϹͥĳۣô䣡
໡
䣬Գ׵طȫڷڣ˿ռ䣬񱼲أײɽԳ˷Ҷ
ȥɣ
ֻ޼սһ㣬ٿһ޼սͶգգԳʱһ޴Ժ
¡
һױԳͷ­һը


947 ʯ
ͻͻͻ
ԳҶȽһȡӴоƵģӰպᵹһɽһϵľɽҵһƬǽ塣
쳾
ء
˿̣ƯҶȼͷޣҶ˷ܵؽ˽С
֪ˣȥɣ
ʣҶȱʲôһԳʬ壬Ƕ֣ԳͳԽ࣬Խ塣
޹ֲ˷ܣԭҲԳ֣ͬ࣬ͬˡ
ٿ
Ƕ̶̵СβһڣջΪһߣޱԳͷһܿͰԳ޴ֱѪѪ⣬ͳͳԳϰ롣
ಣ
ӰһȺ䣬ջָƽңԶշԦƺ塢ˡ
ãȥЩϹȡٶȿЩͥ˳ģ
˽٣ҶʮȻض˵
ͷתǣųķɽȥ
ӷƳǣɽ磬šҶУѻΪˮɽǧУǶɳˡ
űһˣӣ㶨ȣлԼ£в㣬𵤣׼ͬıҪҶңǶŮˣֲȵ޷ıСˣͲ÷Źǣ
˲Ϣ䣬ҶȿǷȥţ·𿴵ʱ򣬵־Ϥİĸд
һڰ޿ײ
ħħֳˡ
ʲô桢졢Ƕ۾㶼ûзŹһһնɱΪΣţһŪŮˣһļ壬ҪɱˣΪλҪŹǣ
̫αˣ
ıԣӦرοǶСˣǸ֮ˣǶ۾ľնɱΪλҪԹŮ
ħҶЪ˹ߵ˵һ֣һ仰̴Ҫ
ⶼҶĻ䣬У޷Ĩȥӡǡ
˵𣿡
ħһرƽҶУ˿ԥɫҲûУħҡҡͷħҵĸ壬ħֻڰޣó޿ԻΪУеĹâǲǣ
ħЦҾ㣬ңɱôˣܷŹˣж٣ǧԭҷôЩ˶ֻαԼһڣԼİãǻ˽ģ˽ûʸңΪ뷨ģ
ħԽãڴ⣬ֻ侳һУ㣬ֻǶںڰһУûиʸʧɣ
˲߶Ԫ꣬ͽƽϢ
񻺻ط𣬿ɽҸӰҶϷЦݣз·һ޵򣬻ĵһЦһУǺܺ
ǰһĻʵͿһС
ҶȲȥֻͣȥ֡
֮ڣʲô
Ҷת磬һݣ֮ϡ
һϵ󷨣ͨ۲ϵᣬһ޼᲻ݷڰɽ˵û˿Ժ֡
üؿҶȣʵô죿ǿƿһᾪ춯أ˵´½ͥˣ
ȷʵǿƽ⡭ޣ
ҶȱǳüչǺȻ뵽ʲô̾Ц
һǱôõԴ
ٿ
գ۾գҶߣɰذСβ͡
Ҷȸ޿ɰԴأеˣƤҶȻһָг
أ
ɲǼ䣬޾Ͱͦأһ˵ģǰƺҲо󷨲֮СС壬ƺһЩȻſڶֱͣӶʳ
ৡ
Ӵһ󷨣󷨣ʼ
Ӳһôʲôޣ
Ҷһͷ󣺡ޣʲôޣҲ˽⣬֮κƽ󷨣ٺò
ش岻֪һεȱ顣
߽òˡ
Ҷﶯ䣬ʩչԪǽһץ֮ϣһ֮ǿеѹڽ磬һ𣬹󼸺󷨶̼ʧֳӰ֮е־
ϧ޷ĨɱЩߵ־ǿȥʱ䲻ˣ
һӰʵҶҲûǿ־ĨɱΪʵ̫޴󣬶Ƭأϵںһ仯ܿᱻߣӦ
ʲô
ǰ澹ȻһƬ磬ظ룬ӵ³һر⣬ֵ̾
֮ǰᵽʯΧЩϹϹʯ֮䣬ڱȻϵ
ȥ֪ͨҶȡʯϿ뿪Ƿ֮أҶȿ壬ϾͷҷһƬɽ塣
ݡ
˲߶ֳһγɵش֣ҶȲϵش߶־ͳǱסʯ
Щ룬ҶȲ𵱳ʱ龰

Ȼ
Ҷûֱȥȡʯͥһ𳬼ֲۣ磬֤ʯ֮ƱأʯҲпӡ
ָոӡâϿգֻһɹϷһҶֱ۶Щ顣

˶նɱˣͳͳ𡭡
ҶĿͬ˲ں̫һǾ˴ֳӡץȥ
¡
ӡѸ͵ƹҶͷ󺹣û뵽Ըһ˺ķѾͺ£ڲ
䡫
ͻȻѣһȭͷСʯӱըзɳžɽȥ
ţ
һʯȻҪߣ
ʲôЦǱʯһӵʶôطߣҶһͷһ֮⡣
þ䣬ʯС
ϢȻһܣʯбϵ
շӡʯҶȾ͸оһ֮նϣҶȲٶƬ̴̣߶Сǧգ塢Żδôһ£һͬʧա
ͷ̫СԪˣСɽ
һεƺ´½Ƭա
ಣ
һͷƺһ̳֮ϣ֮Ưһͷޱȵơ
࡭
ͷƺڴ˯ִһְ˯ѵ״̬
˼ӡһȺڰɽ磬Ȼ˶ѣô꣬Ϲû뵽񳯣ͬͷʯһͬ˶ȥ
̾ۿ磬ЦЦҿǺηȫϾʯϵɲҪҷϢ
һɹᷨϵ͸գ
Ŷ
ͷεһ̾ø֣ûʲôϢȴһϢǵõȻ֮еˣܺãܺãͷʯɲǰװܱ˶ߵģ
ԭ˯þġ
ͷԦɽ绺طȥֻڷ֮ϣر˫ۣԼغ
࣬࣡
زϽƺ䡣


948 
ɽ磡
֮УһƬΣӿ֮С
ǣ
Ž񷣬𽥵ɢȥ塢šҶ߳ǰɽ磬İɫ
ɽ磬ϴ½ȥǣϧǲڣɽ磬һλѽģԺǴӪҴȥʥɳǣ
ҶʩչͨƿһƬ˿ٵطɽգһУԽһɳأһƬһƬɽ֮ʮһѹš
塢û뵽ҶȾȻھɽ磬ӵһƬǶš嶼δģ½ɽŵȵţΪھɽ磬ӵһ֮ء
ϧӸҪھɽǰΰˡ
źܶ˳ӭˣ˺úһҶ븸ĸһۣѸ౦ɾ˻
ѵʱ⣬Ҷɽ罻Żʱ䣬Ҳżֶ졣
ҶȻкܶ鴦紫ٷ硢̴Ų֣ʥ򣬽纺ࡢҲ̸½ꡢʥҲ׷Ͻ硣
һǷԴһѯʴԸжԸȥɽ罻ᣬÿһͬǰ
ҶȵõԴһһ£йɾҶȣǶһǧ֮У仯ıĪȻҶĪȻɾͨߣͺܿͻɵ۾磬ҶҲҪͻɵۡ
³룬ΪʥѪԳ֮󣬱һֱ
ҶȻ׼ںɵۣɾͷߣؼֱӵõɵеħȡ
ѡҶѾѡ
֮УֻˣҶȡɾ
ҶȶɾҲҶԱߣһʣֵܣк£
Ȼкô磬磬ǽݣһ룬ôȥˣЩΪȻڽǾǿ߻кܳ·ҪߣʱҶеƺǰǸ
ΪҶȽݴ磬ңҶѵʱðŵ׼ΣգҶ֮أҶҵʱնΪβϧðգΪҶϵ
ȥȴԶҶȣҶ
ΪΪҶȣˣԵþɥЦٺ٣Ѿ㣬߽ΪѴﵽǰ붼ĸ߶ȣҪһɽ磬Էȥĥ
ľƽȣҶο磬ҸһñɼĪȻʱ侪˱仯Ϊһͨߣγȥִõһʣ磬רģ
ʣһվһԵĹɾĸ֣Ҳһ˼顣
ĪȻΪͨߣܿͻɵۣʵﵽɵ۸߽ףھɽ綼ѵõĸ֡
Ȼ󲿷ֶͨߵĹϵ
ʣǷߣмԦϵ磬ɣ
Ҷվػ֣ɵ۾ʹֳ֮ľͷƵһ
ǴͲˣ
һ˲˵һ֪ѵãֱӾ롣
ৣ
ֻҶȶɵüһ㣬һεѪڰգָһץѪҶմһͷɵȫͬͷ
ŰͷָҶȱ򣬰ɵУ̫¯ȼգ
ˣҪ°𣿡ɾһԹʵ
ã
ͻɵĽףҶʵѿڽ֣նɱʵɾѾҪɵۣ¡
һͰ

ɷһҽС
ΪѪ⣬ʼڻ⡢ǡѪҺ֮УԪҲ˲ںϣܿ˻ػΪһѪҺ飬̣Ȼʹޱȡ
磬Ӵˣһߣδһվ۷Ĵڣ
˿̣ҶȶޱȼοߣŻ϶ǳɾͲˣһӵдҶԼҲʮ㡣
Һڴ
ѪҺ֮У΢
ಡ
ƶȻ۱䣬ѪҺʼΧɵۣҶͨ£ѪҺʼëһ˿˿ɵ
һ˿˿һ硣
ĪԼһʱ䣬һѪҺӿɵ
ž
һ̣ɵʼ飬Ҷ£ӿʣɵòػΪȵ
ֵܣ
ֹ֮ͣɵ۳ʧۣһʱ鿴ԼȻӯҶȽӵ
磬ɣҪֲһЩ۾ֲڣҲҪʼںħȣӵɵĽʵմͻɵۣΪǿߣ
һ֮ҶȾ
Ҷóٳ۵ʼںϣΪ𵤵һΪϴ
ʥ֮ʱԶգһ
ŹϢ硢ɵķɽУȻɽ֮С
ɲǼ䣬৵һ£ɽա
֮ϣ֮ǰߡ
Ȼڳ˯Ǵ´½һֱҶȵ˶ͷ˾Ȼڳ˯֮Уɽգ׼ȷɽ磬ͨ
࡭࣡
ͷƺû˯ѣҲΪռ䲻ͬعϵ۾ҲȻֹȻվವʧ
ӴƬɽ硭
ͷۣ˸Ƿſʼɽ磬һģĿɽ֮еĽ磺ƬɽĽ绹㲻ڵʵַ򵥣ͷȻ͸ɽ֮ʿȻ޴ڣ
ٺ٣ϢȻɽ֮УɵʯΪƭȥ
ŹֵͷٺٵһЦȻղˡ
ʥɳǣ
һһ侫ƫ֮Уһɫڰգĳһҫϵҫ־Ƭɰ꣬Һܿ컯Ϊһööʮֲ
ԭ
ͻȻ䣬ͷΧ
˭
͵ۣһץвһöӡŹϵķϢҲһصıսס
ԭǸСŮӣٺ٣ңͷ㣡

ͷĵشǰԶλãһУǹŹͷӻش߳Ȼһ޾ɵģȴһֱ塣
㡢˭
岻ɵ亹ֱðԷͨѾ֪ԽٱѲҲǺ֮ѡ
˭ǺǣǺɣԹͥӦ˰ɣ
ͷҽһ
ɣ
غţðŶ飬ǹ֣ͥŵˣ˾Ȼɱˡ
ʲôʱͥˣ
ǰǰ´½Ϊ˵õϹҶȣȻҶնɱˡ
ɣЩĹˣ֧ߣһܣ˵Ϊܸɽ磬˵һС
޷ǿߣǵˣʱˡ


949 ϻסϻ
㡢
״̬£ͨ¹ģȻֱŵûȥȴڲ֮£ȼգֶ
ɣɵʯ֣֮
΢΢ű˹ĺ꣬󺣡
ʮּᶨҡͷֻ֪´½ǳѣΪѰұȡǰı֮󼪣
˵ʵʵʵһˣ񲻶̱ϣӵϹϢ㵱С˺úƣɵͣԪ
ɿƺһжţȴƫƫɻ
˵ʵǰ˵ʲôҲ޻˵ϹȲѣӴɳһ⣬ӡһſŹʵ
Ϲɽ紫˵еر˫ʥ
˵ɣɶһˣҪЩö֣Ҳãڵ˶Ҫúýѵѵ
Ȼ֮䣬ɻӶ䣬һ磬Ȼѵˣ˲Ųƶȥ
ಡ
Ƭ֮ɽգ
һγɵؽ磬ɽֳֻȻڶֻʥɳǣɲǼԾ֮С
˼ֶͨΡ
ǰǳۣȻǶ֣˵ʵǰŲţ仰

գˣ죬û·ߣںƿ֮£ֻбѹˡ
ȻǾ·޷˵ѡܡ
һܱȸȥãΪŮӣʱֳƣκӣȼա
øӸҵŮӣǺǣʺɵĿζȻ֮䣬аض´
㡭Ϊϲ𣬷콣
֪·һּ飬Ȼ֣ǹϵӡ𵴶ֱӳɺȥ
ӴӴɵƢΪСɽ磬˷һϵķ
ӡʱɹŹֵޣӡ΢΢һָȻһ㡣

ֻһָͷѣӡȻֹ״һĿɹ
ֻ㰲ҡҡͷΪεһ飬ȫɱ֮ʱٿȻضȥ
׵ָһһɿֲǿʮֹҪƿ֮£ͷš
ٿ
ǧһ֮ʣһ޵޼սȻϢؽƿط֮Уմ̳̫Ѩɱ
񣡡
޵޼սޱȣٶȼ죬ۿҪɣԾնɱǣҶһĻˡ
޼սͻأشں̫Ѩ֮ϣȻ޷Ƥһ˿һһسơ
Ԫ
ȻûиɴΣӰ쵽ɳ֣Ҳòȫѹ޼ս˿̣һӰƿͷƬҪȥ
ٺ٣˼ܣ
ɶָҪס޼սϧ޵ʧɴӵۣȻƾվʧˡ
䡫
֮УһâҶ屻ǱԾըһ˺һ˯ѵģ
޷׽Ϣڣ㲻ǰߡǺηССһɵĽףȻϢĸֶΣһգһҲż
ǰ
ҶȻס壬ͷһס壬ԼǰޱȣǵùһʯȻôһͷӣΪҲڣӦڣ
ҶȿǿԿڳۣһԲڸ֣Ҷȿ϶Ƕ֣ӱ˵ڡ
ʵҶֻܱȼڡ
ҶһʵǰСӹҼңֻ֤ʵڣпܣڡ
һ𲻿ɿĸ֣Ҷǽп죬ʵԴ߶СǧӺƤߣߵ𣿺ɶҵʥɳǣһ뿪ôǱһˣ
Ѿء
СϢذڣвȻ֮ϢҲõȻ֮ĴУĪҹͥϵ
Ȥ
ͥû˿ĹϵǰʯڴˣϣǰдĹһأ
ǿߣҶֻܷ¼ӣһץò׵ֵıֻܰװ׵ɻȥ
˾͸ö£˶ɵõʯǸ˾һС
Ҷȼæʩ񣺡͸ˣ
øƻСͷɱ˹ͥˣֻɽ󷨣˦˦䣬һ֮˱˵£
ɲˣ˻һҶٴνҶȸû뵽ǣɾȻһ
ٿ
ٶȣҶȼɵ˭ǬҲٶһ飬ʵȴĪֻܣһͺˡ
Ϊһ޷һס󷽵壬ȫѹ֮¡
ſǸ˺һë
Ҷȴ߳ɱڡ
˭˵Ҫ˺ٺ٣ɿҲ㣡
ֻѹ壬ûж֣Ҷһɱ٣ǹŹЦǺǵؿҶȣɲɱǣɻҪΪӣ
ţ
Ҷ˲ˤǸʲôˣôƽ޹ʣôҪյӣͽҲûаӲϹİɡ
ɿ壬ͷֿҶȣŮԸҺϲȻ֮㡭ᣬΪֶοȳۣΪҲҪУᣬĻֶΣϲ
Ϊֲ̫ߣǱһͻˣµʱ֪ôġ
˲ϢҶȾ뵽ܶ࣬ȻԺʩǰʦ벻Ҫǿѣʦţ
ʦ𣿡
˭֪һ㶣֣̾Щʦ𣬶ʲôɫɫھɽһѣǱﰡСӣϷնˣ
ǰòҪҵʦȻҵʦڱչ֮У˼µֶΣҲǰܿģ֮ǰȷдȣѾϵع黹ϣǰҪΪѣ
Сӣ飡ʲôߣ
ɾȻֱӳҶջ֣ƿ֮ͬˮ춼ǣͻͻͻѹȶ
ʦ𣡣
Ҷһ
˭˱ͽ
˲Ϣһ֮бȻһޡʥϢΪһƬʥ⣬¡
䡫
ͻȻ£ձը޵һĪʥ⣬ɸոǶƿڿռ͵ضײһȻʥʧҲ١
η֣Ѹղʩչ̺ͨΪĿռ֮ĪǸҹͥһ
û뵽չʩ
ڱչ֮УͬΪ֣ΪҪҵͽǿг֣ϧ
޵޴ڵմ
Ǻɣͥһǵѽͥϣɺú۵ǣ
ɼƲֲ£Ȼһʧ
塭
ڱҶˣ
ǣȴɸȥͥ
ͷҶȻʧա


950 
ɽʯ৵طɹշ籩ֲϯա
屻ǿдߣҶһֱĬ
ҲáЩǰ緶Ϊ塭෴ȥͥ˵һ
˼ãҶƽвûһ˿ֻҪû£һжʱȥ
ৣ
һӰͷŶ
磬Сǧˣ
Ӱֳ졣
ܻסɣ칦ͣСǧգԪ濹⣬סɣԼ¶Ҫ֣֮Ϊĵӡ
޳˭ϵᷢ¡岢򵥣϶ںþ޴ôһ˵ͥպÿΪ˽Ǹʲô
ֳĬһҶȾͷɽ硣
صʥɳǣֻ纺һ˲ԣȻҶȰ屻ɴϢ߸ңһ񣬵˾ȻɱԼ̣޷һоġ
ţΪȥѰϹҲкһϵ״ȻѾҲֻʹ࣬չС
ţ
ʱҶ纺ھ֮Уʱһ˸Ҷȱ뿪ռ䣬һͣڹ֮С
ֶ죿
ϢϤҶȻһץûжٲһǴʦ㣬ѯִеΣ
ʦܣִУعţδᣬΪ֮һҪͬǰʽ
ȻξȻĮӷƯ
ʲôʽԻڳһʦӡӵһ°ҶȼƻңʵӺɳ֣мƻˡ
Ҷ̰ѹɾٻδŲȥμɽ֮Ҷȱ纺ֶȥ

ž
ֽ磬һ޴Ů衢гĵС
ξϷ·ѩ𣬵״ӣξΪŭشһ棬ţΪ״ӳ棬ߣλ״ӣΪɣϧõ֣ΪԼĵɳӣ״ӣЩ˵棬ڴԼΪ״Ӷۣ
ѩҲһȻģڣʦ㣬²ңʦֽ֣ĵӣȻҪǿһλã˵ǵŮ
ʦãԹλãλֵ˼Ը˫ޣΪηҪǿʶ˫ѵʹ𣿡
ߣΨСŮҲ
һʥߣۼΧŮڹţֳ棬Ȼξ
ЩŮӣɫ㣬ΪŮ裬ĸܳΪŮˣֶ˭ҵ
Ůӣʦ㲻Ů˵ңָɣ
ѩͻȻһߵĺȵ
ʦã֮䶷ϣҪø״ӲֵĦ̫õĶԹʦܣֵߵ׽һ£Ȼͬţֵʱʱ̶̿ڴѹ״ӣ㲻ҪʦлΪг裬ѳɣ
ξʱֳʦ˿ӣͷȣֵӣ״ӣŵĵӣ֮£ŷ䣬ǲβܵģ
ʦ㣬£ûŹ棡𵭵˵
ûɣҶǲҪΪʦչأ˼ҾͲ֪֮£ŵ㣬ѻˣʦ̸Ҳó˰ɣڳﱸɽ֮£ʮλӣǶ£٣ѾķϣȷҪ˼Ķ࣡
ξ񽥽˵֮ѩʩȻ˾ֱӻΪ⣬նȥ
ʦ㣡
ȭ
ʦ֣б£ֵӶ£٣㲻Ϊ״֮еĵһˣΪɵһ˰ɣʦþͶ๧ϲ㣬ǣ
ѩҲվЦʮѩԱߡ
һȺŮˡֶŮ˵ţʦһ֮λξѩҿǵʱ̱վ§һŮȥ滹ʮŮ
һӰʱոշͨ
Ҷȣص纺Իصһʱ֮ͨУٵӣھۻᣬƽʱﶼУռ䣬ڳ룡
Ҷʦܣ
Ҷȷ֮ڣգһ¾ٵӣһҶȣʩǰ˵ҶȺܿͳΪڵӹע󣬴Ҷ󹬵Ӽеӭ
Ϊ״ӣ򣬹Ȼնɱɱʮˣɽ磬Ϊֶɽ罻֮һҶֵͷ֮ϣֶ죬Ѿû˲ʶҶȡ
ҶʦܣĪ񣿡
ʦ㵱ʱֱȡɱͽɵۣĪʦܳɹˣ
ҶȽ룬鷨һһΧȻȵҶϤĴڡ
Ҷɱɵִۣǻܣֻи߲鷨߲֪ҶȻ
λɵͷ­
ͣҶȿɲװ׷Ź
֮䣬ɵ۵ͷ­͸߸ߵƯգʱ鷨߾̾ѣٵȥִ񣬲Ǳɵնɱ޹ҶȾȻɹˡ
鷨ȻϸɵϢſ϶ɵѱҶնɱ
鷨߰ҶصؼڹͲ֮ϡ
Ҷȱ˹£뿪ֽȥ
ֽ磬ֵӷ·յ磬ЩڵȴҶȣҶһͲǰʶЩΪǳۣ֮еҶһһ֮ˣ̷ξ
ܿ죬Ī⣬ֻ״ӣ֪ͨ
ٶȵͦ죬ͳɹնɱɵۡ
ҶȻδﵽξ֮ͨдݶҶĬͷѾֳһУҶȲС
ʱͼξƯգȻ˿档
оŮϲŭ޳Ҷȱֻʩʦ㣬ʦûʦһƬģɹִ飡
֪ѩǰŷ£ξ˿ûᣬǿھ˵֮
Ҷȵͷոʦ鷨ᵽ£Ҳòֻ֣Ȱ˵Ǹ߲鷨ϣ㶼棡
ɣţҲ޷ȥ⣬֪Թܶʵǻڵ֮УԼ˴ڲһʧڳ֮Уѩ㣬ȻҪѩ֪㲻ܵƻ󣬵ҪκεɣҲŷ䣬ɼǵãҳμʱҶ˵Ҵڰξ·һӿˮʱҪҶȵ
ǵģʱʦֲ¼ʦʦҲΪʦԼҶϸ
ʱĻ⣬ѲҶξ֮˽£ǴǴǣҶһ㣬޷ξᲢۡ
Ϊʦ㣬ƿֶ󲿷Ҫ¡
ֶжٵӣ¼ٵӽξҪô£ڹһ޴۹ôס


951 ɽ罻
ξҶȳ˼ļɵʣ
һŮӣ̫顣
ڰ
գƺƣã˾ôƺ֮УξĬ˰죬ҡҡͷˣڻ̫СΪۣͬʦڴȻˡ
ǣξƹ¼Ŷ־ǧ֮⣬ҶҲ£ȥ˽¡
ξҶһֱ򵥣ֱһԣָоΣòξ񴦴
ξ΢΢Ҷȣв̫ͬ棬Ϊ״ӣҪյʦ֡ʦáĪԿʦֶѧϰĪҪ뵳֮Ϊ漰ʵ̫࣬ʦҲ޷ž˽Ӫ˽ᵳӬӪ
ĸˣԸ£Ϊ⣬̫ʧңʦ֡ʦ㡢Īʦ֣ĴţĿǳֻ֪ǰ棬ʦԼǣֶĵˣɱǿУڲķѣ
㣬ߣڼǧڣɵۣһͷβϣΪһǿߣЩʦʦֵܶסҽ˵ĻŻףЩΪˣǶô޴أ֪֮޾󣡡
ʦܽǣ
Ще׾У˵˵£ʮλŵӣ㡢ϫʦáĪʦܸ𣬺ܶ෽Լȥգɽ罻ᣬеӶȥμӵʢᣬǴ˴ŲٵӻȥμӴᣬڼⲻĦδֵӴռ壡
ξ񻰷һתһص˵вٻڣҪľǶޣΪδﵽۣԲμκζһκܺóɳĻᣬʱҲаӡҩɾЩϣΪţ
ʦܻᾡΪҶȵͷ
ξҶһֱ˰¶Цݣƺ䣺˴ԲμӶˣŵӣԸμӣɽʮ־ʣɱȻҲɽʢᣬϾھ֮žУɽ˶ԲμӣŴðɽ磡
ʱҶһתʣʦһֱħںܸȤ֪ħΣ
ħڡа̡ǶÿδͷŪߣ󲿷ǴﵮģĶ֣Ҫţɲع⣬ĳǶ˵ɽ罻ᣬʵɽĴ֮أйͥ칬֣ͻݱķ໥ɱսϹţħаɾսɶͿ̿ɽ𣡡
ۺʵ޷⣬ħҲһģŵٵľǿðȥִӦüʶħȵɣ
ǵģħȾ޴ޱȡ
ɽ罻֮ϣ˽ʲôԣˣȥ׼׼㸺ʮλŵӣϤϤỹУʮ֮ξȻת
ãʦܸǣ
Ҷʩ֮һҲתͷ磬һг֣оͲˡ
ֶģʼҵĵӡ
ڻع;УҶһֱ˼ξԻĳ֣ξܶ໰⣬ٻرǿʼһص㣬ϡ
Ҷ˵ȻǺõĿʼӼʶֶ챾ҶȲֶ֪ܲ򵥣ֶѰҽ۵Դһ㣬ҶҲҪʼԼֶһӡ
ɢĵҶᣡ
ҶȻصϢһʱ䣬Ȼ֮󣬾ٻʮλӣۻᣬʮӣҶȼʶ󣬷ֹȻһţɽ磬ʲôţҪǿǧ
ǶǴءӾɽǿ֮еţһŻҲò϶
ټʮλţҶȥѩŮȻʩչջҶȣҶȽƾͼƣȻξ֮ǰѹͿѩܰѩչεȳ̶ȣѩҶ벻ֵӻ
ʮգ۶
һգ֮⣬ڵ¡صػֵӴԼ״ӴӪ㼸ǧˣźһһʽٵҲ׷뿪
ҶȴʮλţϫӡĪԿĵӣֱγ򣬶ֵӴΪĴʣ¾ξǿΪһ
ξ뼸ǧǿߣȻΪߣһ·ʹ˳μӴᡣ
ɽ罻֮أɽ룬һΪ֮ǵĵط֮Խд֮ǣ˵ɽһɳǣߣԹͥĴۣ֮Ȼǹͥƿء
ͥ췽֮һɽ罻ڴ֮ǾУҲ޿ɺǣÿһ콻ᣬڴ֮ǾС
ŴֶԼýʮʱ䣬ǧ˶飬ͣͣǵɽ뽮һƯ֮ϣ޴ĳǳأƱʯǶ
֮ǣ
˵ɽ룬ɽ룬ûܿ϶ֻ֮λڸ򣬲ŻΪɽ롣
Ҳ˶ԹͥϿɡ
Ǵ֮ǣ
ȷŷǳϵɽ籾Դ
ֶӪƺƵһʱ󲿷˶еĴ֮ǣ𺳵̾
ע⣬ڴ֮ǣһ֣ǿл֣ĪҪԻᴦ
δ֮ǣĪԿͷǰһضÿӶ
ǣ
ĪԿ񣬲ò𾴣һڵĳֶۣǿߣ˵֮Ǿ
ֶ죡
ڴʱһһƬѹѹģ޵ֶ죬ض޾ɱ
ɱڣ
˵һںĪԿոն꣬û뵽ֶǿ֮һɱڣôͻȻ١
ಣ
һɱɱӣȻֱײֶ
ұ⣡
һӰֵӪɳһӣһʮңòͨϢͨӡ
ǡ
ҶȺȻ֣ӡ֮Уƺֵ֮Уûд˵ĴڣΪ״ӣ󲿷ŵĵӣʶȻҲÿһ˶ȻͨҲҶȴδ֮һ
Īʦܣ°ɣΪ״ӣɱڹ̧ͨɱݣգĪԿ΢΢˵
ʦܵ
ĪԿڴˣȻҲʮֵؿʩ֮صӪ֮С
ֵ֮Уôһ𣿡
ĪԿͻȻһ˿ôˣһĪԿ϶ˣôӣǾǿߡ
ֶ찡ԩ·խ
ɱһֻˣʣ½˴飬֮ͣңա
һˣǼ֮еͷߣһɨֶ죬λӣŵЦҶСΪ״ӣֶμӽᣬֻҪСӣٽˣ
ͬţύ֣֮
䲻Ӧһ
Щֶӣŵ޷ɱȻֶǿ󣬵ֶΣȴֶ޷Ტ۵ģ˵ɱգһ޳ܵɱ֯ѡ
ֶͬеĴ¹䣬ɱ˱ɣˣɵɱڼ֡


952 

վڵ֮еҶȣӶһˣƯգһɱڵɱɱӣӲû˿ɵƲˡ
ֶһӶ㣬ֶΪɽǿš
ɱڡϴնɱɱʮ֮ұɽûǾȥɱͶҳˣ
ɱڹȻǴѰټղһԶҶֶһһյϴֱξִУֶԱܣһй¶Ϣ´Ҫ⵽ɱڶԸ
ʼգɱڶδƽϢһֱҰ취ѰʺϻᣬնɱҶȣҪһ˿ۼûС
Ҷɵۣɱڶ˵һͷ
ʲô
ɱλߣջӣУڱǲѷҶСӣɱʮ˵ܣͷأ
𣿡
ӵһߣ˫ƽ˫ۣž޲ͻȻһʯ쾪ĻǼȻˣͶְɣ
֣
ֶеӣʱΪľͷ˲ǳִֵôͻȻ̬Ⱦһٰʮȴת䣬ţĿһС
ɱڼˣҲͻأذ
˫ͻȻô
Īʦ֡λջʦ֣Ϊǿʵ̲ס棬ҶȿһӪĪԿʡ
ĪԿƽشǡ𣡡
𣿿ֵӣҶʡ
ԼĪԿƺҲڻζ촫ȷֵӣڲ֮ǰΪϣӺܹŹֽ֣ʱʹӲ໥һִִдʦ볤ֱӽʵǳǿ󣬾״֮УҲĶ֣
ϣ
ҶһᣬȻܳΪֶĻϡ
ϴȫ£ֶСϲڰάֶ죬ҳϵʿ
һ룬ֶڶ꣬ٵŵӡֵӡ״ӣЩӣֵ´󹦣ʵǿ󣬾ͻΪϣΪִԿƵĴڣҲֶǿս
ﰡҲֻ˵״ӣĪʦҲұݣ³״ӣû֪ϡ
ǿӣԭֶĻϣ
籾롭
ɱӷ·Ҫ֡
ɱʲô
Ȼѡںɱ֮ǰ֣ûκضǶɱӻһ
ৡ
һɴ籩Ѹӿɱӣ̷ոγɴ籩ֱͻͻͻذס
ˣȻлһУ
һνѵеӣǰһֶָֻͨģ
ã
ֶ߱
ֶĸӣ
ɱӣûһ˸ǰһǣɱӲ죬һӰӹգڻǰ
һߣ׷ԲԵģ멵ɱӣ
գ·𾭹ص̣¶֮
еһЦǺǣɱڵҲֶΣŪָ֣ҵǰֻϧɱڡ
˭ɽתˮתһ죬ĳʱգһһս߾Ȼ˵棬Ի´ɱ
أңֵֶӣ𣬸˭
ɱڣĻɱ֮һǣ
˵ʱʱ죬˵ƾʧãҲֻлĪԿξǿ߲ܿü

ɱţ˲ϢǴ֮Ƿȥ
ҿ˰ɣǴ֮ǣ֮ػⷢκ¶ɣ
ȻϢصֵӪĪԿ˼֮Ƿȥղһ⣬еҲ޷ɡ
Խƺ֮ȽȽϼ֮С
һƯ½أϸǿͨ½سԽʣΪߵĴڣһ嫵ɳأУһʮͻأľ޷壬޷ӵײɽۣһĹ
֮ǵһλΪͨľͷ
׳۾ɫǾ޾ˡ
ȻῪʼһٶ꣬Ǵ֮Ѿһһˣ󲿷ֶͬµŻǼ壬Ҳս׵ĵ۹ߣԲͬطɢޡ
Ȼľ̷ɽСС̷̻ỹǸˣͿ̣ɢ̷߱ߺȡ
ɽʢĽᡣ
ֶ󲿷ֵӣδϵ֮ǣѱ֡š
öĳϢ
Ҷȸ֮ܵǣȻξ˵Ȼ󲿷ֶɵۣǳûʮҲ򣬶ֹˣ೬ۣΪҶȲдɽô೬ۣ޽֮ؿ´ǳۡ
ĪԿ·֮ǣֶƵģԸˡʺ򣬴ˣҶȶֻŹĪԿ񼸺󲿷˶ʶȷǽ㡣
ȻҶҲϤţʥɽš޼ڡޱڡŻڡšɽڵȵȳһɣ֮вƯɳ֮ϣҶȾ͸ܵħڡаǿϢ
ĪԿֱӴˣʮ߸ľɽ֮һɽۣȺ
ʱһȺˣֶһϵµˣҶ˵Ϣһ۾ͷֱڲͬԹͥˡ
ԭЩˣǸ֮ǽӴĪԿһ֮󣬹˾ʹ˷ƫвһȺԼʮСһδᣬֶݾӴӪڡ
źһУ˾ͷˣŮ澣䵱ȡ
ĪԿϸذŻ֣ʮŵӣפһֵһ˶һٶסһʵ󲿷ֵӶپסμɽᣬԱѰøֱʱ̣Щ͸ɢ
ҶȡϫӡĪԿξмλ״ӣֱڲͬƫ֮С
Ȼźú󣬾һ꣬ˣԾ֮ǣκƷ
ξټ״ӣʮλֵӣλڣһЩǿߴһЩҪ֮󣬾ɢȥ
ֻҶһˡ
ξϷƺ˵һЩ£Ȼɫͳղɱ⣬Բǿ϶ɽ罻ᣬչһɱ
߲ܣɱһɱʮ˲ʲô˵ֱСҼңҶȵ˵
֮ҪСģ֮ǣɫﶼУ䣬һҪȥɴйͥĴԼŰɣԶȥߣ֮вϡ֮ﶼнףܵõΪȥǴһ
ﶼнף
ܶ೬۽޽֮ѰѰõıеֱ̻ӽףеרɽ罻ϹףҲϡ棬ܶݣ˺֮Ѱ˵ϵ֮ɽ֮Ҳʵ
ˡ
ǧƷʯɸıֻҪѰúñ߷֣ռ֣
ಣ
ξ˵꣬һö䡣
Ⱥ£
ҶЦڱȤʥɳԺҪչҪֶԱ⣬ֱ׬ˡ
Ŵ䣬ҶȾͼȥ


953 Ѱ
ҶȣֶȥµӵоʵǿߣӪֲԼͬŵӣӪ棬ԽԽࡣ
ҶȻŹλᣬûһ£ֶӾнӳ纺漴ɽ壬·˶ޱߵɳأ˳
ֵҶ纺ͨͨ纺Ȼ˿棬ΪҶȶɵжΪ˺֮У˿Ҳۡ
ѩƤŮϣǾӣϣڳ硭
رʯ̺ɫԸƷ
ϵϹ֮طֵģ߹·ǧҪŮ࿴һһѣ
Ҷ纺ֵʱог磬ǽÿƺΪ̷
һ񣬱ܻûһĪı˶ۣʲôͶУȻ࣬Ǽ۸ҲˣЩ󲿷ֻǲġ
ȻҲ˻ˮ㣬Ҷ纺Ӧ䳬ֻҪǱ̺ͨԣжǷǱҶй飬纺۶ͨƷҲûеơ
˼Ҳ·˲
纺Ǵδʶֳ棬ǸֵֹıĿ˵ÿŮﶼһΣ纺Ҳ⣬ֻǿһһ
ֻ߹һ֣ͻ˰ʱ䣬ҼˣӴɵɢޣħڵа̣嵽塢۹·ɵǶˡ
˶ΪŹ֣ǣҶΪԸвˣ÷ıòٵˣϢų۵ޣȻصüΪأǾӲҶȵ۾
ɽ罻ᣬȻһ̨
ǰ죬֣Ҷ纺һջ񣬵õʮƷѵϡһմԵʣıֻҪóģ˵õС
λ·ͿһһƣϹ֮ϹŸȤĵѣǧҪ
ոմβһ֣Ϊɳ׳۽̾ʱһ̷ߺסҶĿ⡣
屻˴ȥͥԹͥȤˣҶȳԴȥ纺һԾʵ
һԭҪģͥغǰԭ򣬻ֵܣΪԽԽӽۣʱһͻƣȻҪ޽֮أҲ޷Ҫͥ򽻵ȶ˽ֻкô
ҶҲȻźǻͣǣ纺һȺһλߣһ̨żмʮλ˸Ȥߣȴֻȼ˶ѡ
ϹѳΪȥЩȷʵϹ֮ԪˣмӵƽϹͨ
Ǻˡ
뽻ҶȲû϶֣ϸϸɨÿһƷ纺ߡҲһ֣
ӵϹ֮ȷͨˣ
ǰ׷ߣҶȵǲûɣǲȥҲ֪ǸɫҲ޷ŪϹ֮
ΧֵˣʵҲи֣ڴ֮ǣڸ֣˾ռߡ
ȤԿһϷҲҪЩֻһְãϹȤѣ
Χ֮ˣԽԽ࣬Ҳʮƽ͵Ӧһ治Щ̷Ʒ
ͷ𣿡
Ҷ׼һԼеĶ
һЦԣֻϹŽƣ˹ͥĸ֣һͥ½ˣҲ޷򿪣
Ҷȱ㲻δʩչͨһ̷ִ洫Ϣӵɽ޷ںϵϹϢһصų⣬򵥿һͷĿڶƷ
ΧΧ֮ˣȥȥһȥһҶȿʮƷʱûһϤΧߡ
ΣƺҶôһΨһİƷһ飬һߵ࿴˼ۡ
ҶȵڲֻͨһЩϹѰķӡַѣǰû֮У۽磬ҲǶϹرȤģ
ѵúãϷиһֵϹ֮һֱûоܿϷ͸㣡
λҲƺ£Χ֮ˣƺû΢΢ش߶һʹָɳ
һӵƬһص⣬һɫعƬ
Ҷץƣ߶Ƭ֮гȡһϢϢҶΪ֮ݣƬȻ̺һ˿Ϣ
Ҳ˵ƬҪôӵںĳһУҶףΪ˵һ
ǰƬȷǱƬһѵõϹ֮񣬲һһǿߵıں֮һ֣̺˹ϢϧҪõȫƬҿܣ
֮ҶȰƬԭ
úãȻӼ⣬ƬɽһϹ֮õģϧʱֻܵõôһ㣬һ䡣
ǰǣ
ҶҲ㿪۽磬Щд֮ʱǣ纺ת뿪ΧȺ˲͵סȥķ
ղƬɵõʲôջ񣿡
ֵ˳֮У纺Ҷ֡
ַѣϧЩϹ֮඼ǲȱģߣǲóģܲ⣬ߵ̫ʿɶֹãȥ¥Ϣһ󣡡
Ҷȴ纺һ¥ȥ¥ҲΪǮõλãһľż䣬ʼϢԺȶ
ռΪǢ̣ͬʱʱУ֮ǣҶȺȻʵʱɶй·֣
ϰƽУҼ㻺ӵһЩƬǶĻ޷ƽ⣡纺ͫ˸һ֮⡣
õȡˣɲҪ֣
ʱضţǣ纺վһЩʯС뿪¥
ǰƺ֣ȥ
뿪¥˾ڽֵѰұϡ⣬ʱΧɵȺ֣Ҷ̴纺ȥ
治٣
̫࣬ҶȲòʩչԪؼȥ֪ΪôΧ۵ˣԭˣʩչһ磬Ưʮ顢ڴ֮мΪټġ
ҲҵǶԾȤ⼸顭һ·ϹϢĪϹŹ
Ҷһɨ磬һҶȵǿۣȴҶȵĿ⣬ı¼ĵãһõУ޷ġ
ɰٴҲˣ̫ǿںϸľ֮ȡ
飬Ҫˣ
ûҶȿڣһŮһȺ˱ǰĿǼ顣
λ̷һ̾˵úãӣǲ۵ģ屾飬һʥƷʯƷʯ
ã
һλϰϰŮӣһץһӡɳǽƷʯ֮µʥƷʯ
Ϣ
ҶȺȻŮϣӦһ΢ϤϢŮʩӣܷһת£
ʩ֮ҶȾָһӵйϢľ顣
Ŷ
ŮӱһǼҶָľ飬ذѸɾĿ⣬ҶϣȻԽԽĿ⡣
ƺŮʶҶƵġ


954 ʮ֮ӫ
۹⵹
ŮӼҶϣͣʮϣ纺Ůӣǵغ棬п϶ԭ
ĪҲΪⱾ
Ůһٶ˵仰˼ҶȲѲ³ҲΪǱϹž۹⣬ҶȻҪֱӾ͸ӦϹϢĴڡ
ȻҪȻ㣬ҲǾԵģ˵ܼˣǣ
Ůץס飬һӱ£ʧڽֵ
ҶҲ纺ص˳УҶһֱ벻ףҲܵŮƺһϤĸо޷ϸϸӦƿŮӣȻǲеġ
纺ؿҶȣһ֪㣡
ӦǵġϧϢһİĸоֻĳЩطһ˿˿Ϥˣˣģ
벻ͨҶȾԷǣ纺Ѱһ
洫
ת˼֣ҶȵõٱϧĿǰûһĵıһ֣һ̷Ķ洫
治У洫ﶼˣ
Ҷȴ纺һ飬Ȼ󲿷Ʒͨɫ߹֣һصϢҶȣͬʱ纺
ͬʱӦģһǲ֮
Ҷ纺ҲֵȥڽмˣƺһˣʲôֻǺͨһͥѣһӣһһŮֻʮµĺӣΪɽԭס
ӣɵۣ
ΪҲɵףھɽ磬ֻһˣŮܵĻ򴫳Уɵۣв̣Ǽ볬һɣΪˡ
ӶҪҴɼҾжôû䡣
λЩǼҴ֮
Ҷ纺߹ʱüңԳһоϲӣҲϲߡ
洫֮
̨ϣССʮִСһƷһ䡣
ƺóҶȶԶܸȤ¶ЦݣЩ缸棬ʱµƷϧô꣬ûּгɾ͵ģһֱҲĿǰҲʣЩ
壬ЩҼҵĹԱǸС־ºһ
ţ
ҶȵͷȻ纺ʾ⣬纺㿴ʮƷȻһһīɫĹӡƽ
Щֵ֪ƷֻһҶ纺ĿģȻֻһͨ޷ͨӡ
Ȼͨۻ
ϡǫش𣺡ΪǳȼһƷʧȥֻóԵ˵֮
ҶȺȻʵ˵ǷǷ֮㻹𣿡
ǱҲݣǱ붮УŻᷢӳֵʵЩƷó֮ǰҾ˼ûء
ǺãǮ
Ȼ¿УҲգ͸һƷʯӱҶһʣ˼һָͷ
һʵӹˣҶȲɵһЦǺǣҸ㣬ֵֹһƷʯ㻹𣿡
Ӽҡҡͷļֵ޷ȥģУֵһ˵ʵ»Щ쿪ۣϾ»ҪΪһ룬һƷʯ˵ѾĲ
Ҿ׸㣬ֵԶԶֹһƷʯϢ֮Уû̺ͬıϢ棬ҲżȻõȻԵұһƷʯúΪӣҸһɣаɣ
ҶȾȻһ֣һץһö䣬ӡһƷʯ
һƷʯһƷʯ򱶻Ҫ࣡
ƷʯһƷʯӲŵؿ޳ĵĴ䣬ʸףȴǰûҶ纺Ӱ
ƷʯƷʯˣ
СкСŮΧӱš
Σ
ӿӣֲؿĴ䣬ôҲ벻һƽ֮Ȼ붼ۡ
ô
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ纺ʩչͨ޵سһֵ֮УҲδκע⣬Ҷ̿纺
纺Ҷȣȷһ
ôЩ죬ջһܺãȻύֶ죬ʱúоһ
ԭһƷʯҶȹȻһȻһֵ϶ԽһƷʯǸӻҶ˵һ˫ӮԲ֡
Ҷг֮⣬Ǿ䣬ȥںҪɽǿ߽棬Ҫ׼֮ˣ׳̣ӵ̣ˣԺ칬
һСġ
纺С˵˵ƷʳԽͨʺŮʹã͸ӰɣһָٶһȻ绢
ţʺϾ͸ʺϣ͸ʰɣҶ̰պã纺˵ƷʲȻһ
ߣǰһ̻ᣬ˵һȥ֣
Ȼ䣬ֲһ¥ȥ
Ǻǣȥ
ϡ֮£ڴ󲿷ˣδ֪صģҶҲ纺¥ȥ
¥ǲװһΧв̻ǿߣά򣬴˽¥Ȼ
ã
ոսһ󷨽֮Уλһ̨Ҷ纺ոսȻӿһˣѲ𿪣ӭһŮӡ
Ŷ
ҶǸŮӣͬʱӶԷһۡ
ˣ
Ҷ̳Ůӱȭʩ
Ů˱£̻ߣ֣ҶܣŮҶǰѣһͬȥ
ãҶŪŮݣҲδƴǣ纺ŰŮӣ᳡߲㡣
Ȼڸֻ߲ʮˣ·Ϊ
̻Ա𽥰Ҷȡ纺ŮӲҶֱʵӣһʶֻϢ̫޷׽֪ӿɸ֪£
ŮӺȻ˵Ц
ʮӣл̻ᣬһЩƷҶһͷˮʱһйԱŮǰһλߣ԰Ůӿмӵ˵˶С
ʮӣ
ҶͻȻһ£ЦãΪʲôŮϣоһ˿ϤϢˡ
ԭŮʮ֮һ
һ˲ʶһˣҶ̾԰ŮӱȭҶĳ
С㣬޲ϣ
ŮӴʱȸӣԿɰȻҽܣڽеӫݣҶС磡
ԭӫӣȸʦ㼸ҽǣ׾ȻԼ˶ʶʧ̫ʧˣ
ҶŮӡӫݡԼ͵ţʮӣȸӴŶֻܹǴδ档
û뵽ײϣֳôЦǱľȸ֪ҲҪЦ


955 ƿ
ԴӽӴľ쳣ҶȲ֪ʮɲͬŮɣǴڲͬĵڲͬĵطУڵӫӣͲɽ硣
Ӹղ̻̬ȣȫԿʮɽ磬ȻкҶȻʮѩֵȣڲ֪ʱǶô֪
֪ǽ֮УҲֻСöѣˣ֮ǰҪǱϹľкã
ӫӴ󷽵ʵ
Ҷȵ˽ͥǴ򽻵ǰ˽˽ⲻǻ£ֻû뵽ӽȵǣ
˽ͥ
Ȼ֮䣬ӫ죬˵ؿҶȣ򵥣ʵϸ˵ҾǹͥĺҵĸǹˣϸԪߵԪڣ
ŶҶȵʮ⣬ʮӳԱȻͥйϵһǱˣӫӡ
ͥһ޴ֻ֮һѣȻͥҲ˶ǴϹŴǿߣЩȱڹͥǳ٣һǾһͥԪչܶºԪ֦ɢҶҾ֮һô𣿡
Ȼ֣һΪͥ󲿷ˣǹˣ
ɽʱǶϸԪģ֪µĹˣǺܶ࣬Լʮ˲ȻвֹˣҲûмͥɽ磬٣ۼͥˣɢɽ粻ͬʱգ
ֲõʱȸʦ㣬ʩչһŹϵͨʱҾ;֣һǹͥĹ
˵ͨΪָ̫ǽñеһͨˣ˵ΪһһΪ
ӫӴʱǰڻ᳡룬̻Աڶ˳ʮС
ҶȻع̫ĹͥӫӶʲôҪѰϹ֮»ģһĽᾧȷʵڳ֮У
Ǻǣ뷨үүһޣǹ屦ΪϹ뵱񣬶Ħ
ӫڿʼᣬҶҲ˳ſȥʱ纺н䡣
ҶһֱʮƺϹͥ΢΢ĹؽʮߵԽһлס
ݱţ֮ǰһЩƷ޷ҶӫӶģʱһд򿪣ӫӱ˫档
򱦺֮УһɹɲͬɽϢϹŵ
ɣ
ҶȰһƲӫӺܼУ˵Թż
̻Ḻˣû᳡ܵλһ̻ᣬɽò׵õģΪƿȼ֣ӦһʮƷ
ϧģ
ˣȻ棬뻨Ǯõһ
вͬʮƷʯ̻Ḻ˸žĿ⣬һλ
ʮƷʯ
ֵ𣿡
˽ֹһڹͥãڴ󲿷˵Ǽߣʳ֮ζһҪʮƷʯһɵõóô࣬Ǹ߽ɵۡ
һʱ䣬ûʽ
ʱӫӳ˵ͷһλǧؽмۣʮƷʯ
ʮ򣬻ҪһЩ˷׷׷ꡣ
ûۣеȤƷʯĸ־ǴͷͬΪҷһӪи߳ʮ򣡡
̻ǱҲû˽мۣôһϹǰװˣһƣúãʮ򣬿ʶ֮˲ٰλƿɲͨħа֮УͷųػĵҶҪɽٵ˵䱦԰ɽߣḺ́ʧңħ
ȻһʺԸħ
纺Ȼ˿˵
ȷаƿһֲⷨӫӻᵥҶȵͷʼע仯
ӫ磬ֱ֪Ȼһһõ
ʮ򣡡
ӫǸˣϵۡ
ʮ򣡡
ҷģҲۣš
ʮ򣡡
һΣӫӲȡѼ۸һﵽʮƷʯλѾѰʮƷ
Ȼ۸񷭱ϵصҲǾȶѣǶ̻ᣬ׬ý衣
ʮ򣡡
һˣƺˣְѼλһ
ҳʮ򣡡
Ȼ䣬Ҷȵ࣬Ҳмһ߳һˣϵز뵽˾֮С
ԭ͵ӫҷܾˣȻ֮Ƶõ˴ֲ
һ̵
·ɱһҧ𣬴ࣺС㣿
ӫصضҷͻȻðصۣʮʲôȻѪȾ䣡
һ򣡣
һûҷǸ˿۵һû᳡ʱžһƷʯڸ߽ɵۣǶǲ˼һʼ۸Ǵɡ塢ɵۣ˭õóôƷʯ
һһʮ򣡡
ּʮ
һʮ򣡡
ҷĻˣ˿ԥѼһ¾ߵʮһס
ӣ
һҲû߼۸ˡ
ʱӫȴ˵ͷ˴صһʮ򣡡
ҷǺˣ˵ڳˣ޷ŵ֣𵴶ɢ򣡡
ҶȵЩɻȴҲûֳֹһ䣺򡭡ܵõƿһʻƿҲҪֻϧУ޼֮
򣿡
¾ӫˣҲҲ̻֨Ḻصȷһ飬᳡ʱһƬž˾˴ӱ䣬ȡһԼһ߸ߵɫƿЦǺǵصϲӵõ
ಣ
˹Сػƿҷȥ
鷢ˣҷһΪߡؿڵСȥ
ǣӣ
̴̻ԱнӹƿȻӫڣӫӹС㣬ǹһ⣡
Ҿˣ
ӫӣȻذƿ£ƺҷˣʶһ㡣
һȻΪˣ޷ֱƷʣǱ̻Կ϶һЩƷʣȴ˵ʵݺöˣΪ˫¹꽣
ƿһ֮߳˶۾ͷϷݣһͷڲͬǿϢıУǰ˽һ󣬻᳡ͳͷӿ
ҶȴԭһģȻҲź˫¹꽣
Ȥ
ҶɫһԵӫӣʵ
ţнѣܵõ˵绢Ҷ˫¹꽣뵽ˣ뽣
ӫݸһЦ֮ǰʱ̻Ѱб˸߹ң˫¹꽣żΪɱ¾ϢʵƷʺܸߣֻյطʴ𽥵ĥһͨΨһŵ㣬ʮӼֵ˵ֻһ


956 ˫¹꽣
Ҷüͷһ壺ʷ֮Уĥˣ
ʵɽڵõ֮٣Ǵɽ粻ͬʱķʴԻʧеʱܵشŻɽ磬еԵȻ޴棬Ҳһ˫¹꽣֮һ
ҶɻɫӫΪǰϸϸؽͣʵΪȷҶȵǰ
ҶȲ꣬ꡣ
ͳӣͳһʮƷпǰϧΪһƷ
ɵأҶͳҶмʹãһҶȵΪ̫ͣ޷һҪԭ򣬾ͳڵĥ
ҶȽɾɵۣͳӱ㳹ûôǻָ󷨺ͱʵء
ҪͳӻȻһ£ɽֻרҲ
ӫӷԷθҶȴ˫¹꽣ǲĥͳΪһѣֵƷʯˣͲֵã
ӫ֪˫¹꽣ֵ
Ϊô˽ش֮ǰһɣ
̻ḺˣȻϼ޻һʧȥ󲿷ԵȴֶͨΣҪǮ
ˣﾡã뾡취ȡ档
λԱʥׯصش򿪱Уһӡ˶վжһɣҲһּʶ
ֻڷӡ֮УǶĿԹԣȻ룬ƯһӦ˵Ѳͬһ㽣񽣡
˫¹꽣
񽣣߳Ѱ࣬ǰҲ֮࣬һʱⲿλȻһֹĵ״ͻأؿǹӣϸϸһѵ״Ƶ񽣡
һ졢˫¹꽣
ֻϧҶȿӡַӡڵԣӡ֮УһˣΪͷŵԡ
ܾˣӵо䣬ԴԴϵԣҪָԣֻʱ⣡
纺
ٺ٣뵽һȥˣ˫¹꽣޷⣬˶ʯκúôᣬռָ֮ǿǲ˵漣
Ϭһͨ뵽һȥˣҶ⸱ģֿ纺Сˣʱ˿̵˶硣
˫¹꽣ĲҶ˰ɣ׼۰ʮƷʯ̻Ḻ˴һ롣
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
һ򣡡
գ۹򣬻᳡ը˹˱ֵˣȴֻС֣СˣҲͻͻͻ
һʮ򣡡
ʱڰͲס󲿷ֶʼ˽мۡ
һʮ򣡡
һۡ
ϵһ򣬺Ի᳡·󲿷˶ףڱصã̤ȻвƵ˲˲òһ֪ܲͶôǮǡ
˽ΪⳡĿͶѡ
һٰʮ򣡡
ͻȻﵽӽ߶ȣһʱ䣬᳡Լ˶Ŀ⿴һԶֵ򣬼۸񻹻ٴ
򣡡
ȻһվֱӰ̨ᵽ򣬾ۼĿ⣬ôǼĽޡ
ӫӺȻҶȣ˫¹꽣ļֵҲңŲ˶ҪۣӦòᳬ򣡡
ô
Ҷ΢΢Ŀ⣬ȻֱվŻ᳡գһȵ򣡡
򣡣
־ÿԺһƬհףǹŸĿ⣬Ҷȣǳˣһ޵ݣδ⼸ͱҶһƸˡ
̻ḺЦУһп룺λûи߼ߣͳΪλ֮
Ȼ󷽣һٴγۣһʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡ҶеأѼλֱʮ򣬼ֱĿˡ
Ǻǣǣ
ӫӲɵЦ
ҶȵҲǫ飬ʮȻͬһ˵ֵǺǣǮ֮ҴӲ⣬ҲмЩ
Ȼӵж֮в֪ٵĴɳҪó˭Ȳӫ˵
ȻҶȸһӫӶܣҶȸоԼǱ˳ؿ⡣
ֲСҶһεģҪˣʱʮӻŹԩͷ
ʮûи߹ģ
̻᲻˶룬޲ϾͰ˫¹꽣׳ȥ
᳡һƬž˵ҲûУҶҶȣ֮ǰǮһǹϳ֣ʮ򣡡
İ򣡡
ǶҶ˵Էһֻ֣С˲ĸָڰغȵ
ڶ˵ڱصã
İûٳߣ
̻Ḻ˵úϲ£졣
£᳡ѻȸ
úãϲλӣ̻Ḻ˿ʼùԱгӡ
ৣ
Ҷȴ߶һɷӡγɣƷʯ˸ųҶһ䣬̷롣
ţڼλԱ£ǷӡʱҶʩչԪӡͻأؼӿٶȣҶУ̾봢䡣
ӣ¾ȸǣõҶڿɲ鷳Ǽδõ
һ뿪
ӫ漴վ£Ҷȡ纺ȼ¹ʱҷһҲŷ
¥֮⣡
ӫݣΪʱ䶼ң
ո뿪̻ᣬһͼӿ첽һλӣ³ٷ磬˲ͳǰӫʩ
Ժ𣬽Ҳ֮ǡӫӹȻӺϤϵһ㣬Ҷȶ仰һȺ±£ֵȥһǿߣҲȥ
Ҷҡҡͷ˫ϵӣǣ纺֮У̶纺ղ΢΢˿˫¹꽣Ȼǵʲʧ󲿷֣Һ󷨻δܵӰ죬ֻҪԣػָԣ
Ǳã纺ͷ
֮Уо沨Ҷȿһһģľ¥ˣղѸܵɾϢҲ쵽֮ǣҸطúϢȴǣ˳Ҳúоһ˫¹꽣
纺ûҶȼӿ첽ƹһ֣¥ѡһż䡣
ڣ
ಣ
һԷӡصͷš
纺Աߣ侲ؿţҶó˫¹꽣ոս⿪ӡԾͻɢڱҶһڣʧȥԣ˫¹꽣Ư˸ź嫵طӡҫ
󲿷֣˫¹꽣ķӡҲ쳣ϸʵأȻͨʮּӲʧȴûһ˿𻵡һָԣ󣡡
Ҷȼض纺˵
纺վҶһͬϸо˫¹꽣һƣҲ纺һĨЦݣõҪ棬һʣַѾ⣬ر𣬶ַҲܸʧ󷨣ӦûʧǲаܣȴûܵӰ죡


957 ͬ
ҲŲģ
κʣᾭ
˫¹꽣ǿޱȣɽ磬㲻ϵĦԽĥʿУҲΪ֮УһջΪ
ͳӾǺܺõ֤
һƣеĽͬ˻ƣνƣޱȣ㲻ͷԣУɵʮƷƷ
ÿһβγصĽѹ꽣ȫͬԸܵͬʡ
ȻһԳǿʱ纺ջĿ⡣
ˣ
ָطһöĽ֮·𹴻꽣ʱ
ಣ
˫¹꽣˲Ϣ޽֮УȻһֳƯ纺֮䣬֮ǰѰõһ
˸ŹīɫϢǿңϳʣֻźеⱦ
Ů֮纺һӾͱڹܷ棬޷˫¹꽣ȣҲӦú
ȴ߶ƿһ˫¹꽣ַϣҪһЩҲöĥϢʵҲʮ⣬ﵽ豹ĵز
ϸϸһһԣֻԲܴ߶֮һֱʿ֮Уδ֣ʵûȥ߶ѡ
ɲֻҪһλǡ
Ҳͬˡ
ҪĻǣǿҵԣ
ٿٿٿ
ֻ̫⣬شķɳܿذΧƣͨ⣬ر仯Ȼ֮⣬͸ŹϵԣϢҪ˫¹꽣ǿʢ
Խعϡ
Ҳкܴ֣Ȼڴ󲿷ʿûзֱ𣬵Ҷ纺ڣκηֱ𣬶Ըܵ
꣡
Լ߶£ϢȻΪĿ棬һ໥𣬾ȻƵҶ纺˺һ
ҶȲɵüֽкãԭһϵһ̺𣬹ȻǷǷ֮ɴ󻤷ʹ֮һջƶоҲûȫһ𡭡
㿴ĸġ纺ϸؿ֮УԼԼĸġ

Ķ纺Ҳİ˵ʵҶӵо䣬ƽģ޵ĴУҶ޷纺ȵģ纺ӵе֮Ī⣬һŹֵǡ
֮ϣ纺Ҫ׷ҶȲ
һӵ𣬿λ֮ǰˣһλ޻ϵ񹦵Ĵڣһˣô𣬲
ǺһϸϸƷ֮󣬱޽䣬ỹδʽʼҶȱõ
һδᣬȷǸƵĺûᡣ
Ҷ纺Ϣһʱ䣬Ȼ纺һͬ뿪¥֮գʱһƬʿƺٶ
ǴʥɳǸˣԹɾΪףꡢ̡ࡢ桢ĪȻҶ졢ǧȵȣԼжʮˣ˶ʥɳǱչС
һ˲ڴ֮Ͽ֮ҶȾʹǣҾ¥Ϣ졣
⼸ʱ䣬Ҷȴһ󹤳̡
һͷڲֻ纺ѾڣȻ󷨣ػΧһС
˿ھռ䡣
һƯˣҶ뽣죬վҶҲ࣬˾ۼھռ䣬ҶʩչһɵںԵ磬ˣ˽ռ䣬˲ᱻѹ÷顣
ʱ綼ԣ𺳵û޷˵ڷ֪Ҷͨ纺֪Ĵڣǽ䣬ǵһΡ
ҵõһΪһΪ˫¹꽣ʣ㣬ѱҸı䣬ںϣ磬㲻õʱ䣬һǧ꣬һ꣡
ˣҶȵǽռԭץƿƣ棬ŽһƬա
˫¹꽣ǿ
һγɣҶȷ֮䣬Ե˫¹꽣ڽǰ
˶ǽߣڽȳĸӦ
˫¹꽣һ˼סȫ̾񽣣񽣣
֣ȻǾ죬໥ӣĽʽ
˼Ҷȱ˵뷨õҾ룬ξںҾ뵽ż֮УȱͬʱһҲиͬһԣҪɽ緢ӳҾͬõĽݾ˿һޣһǸУȻȽ磬λںһ˫Ӯзʽ
켸û뵽ͬһ
ǿһУ̫ߣһͬУһһศɣǾΣ

ţû⣬ǾɽɱһƬδ
ͬҶƳ뷨
˫¹꽣Ϊԭʧ룬ʺںϣԣõģȡ֮ʼںϰɣȷһԣ
Ҷȱ˫¹꽣⿪ƣУ죬һסһѹ꽣֮ܿ빴꽣ںϣһֿ˺κɵ۵Ľ
ԭ춼ҶȸԴ£ɽżǧ꣬ʹ̤ҶȰ£õ˫¹꽣νĿǰʵѾɵжΡ
һͻɵۣʵͻͻͽ
ץסʼڽ磬ͷԪ뱾˫¹꽣ںϡ
һˣҪں̫ãǳۣҲ˶ӵ󲿷ֻ

һս֮УΪģϵȼգҺýҶƿ֮Уʱʱ̵̿رոͻɵ۵ΪԵֿ
𣬿ԻһС
ؽ磬ɾʩչջƶͰڵаʣյʬǶʣ
ûҶȱ˵涼ܡ
ܺá
Ҷ룬ʼƽȻҲ纺߹ɾгȥתһתҪһʱ䡣

ϵ֮ǣһɽ֮ۡ
ãҶˣ
һƬ֮УʮλòŮһ￡ۻᣬھۻϣľڻӭּӫӡ
ո£ӫӾͶԶľ˵ʲô
ܺãΪԽԽǰòС˵ѳΪֶ۵״ӣϴҲæξۻһۣˣλߵ͸ˣ
ڹ۰ĶԻʱľ쳺Ȼһ˳֣ͷ꣬ǵ̻ᣬ䵱ʹߵӡ
ˣѵҪȥӼߣϴô׾ԭܣĪɫ
ӫӼæһǶľ쳻ӵͷܣ̹ӭЩ˵ɽҲһȦӶѡ


958 Ŷ
ֶӪ֮У
ξĪԿ񡢻ʮλִϸڡ
ĪԿڲٸִע֮£ָƯģһһֵĵδᣬظıˣħа̡塢ĴΪӪȾб޶ѡӣĴٹޣâַʽֱ̭󲿷
һǱʮλӣðˣҲ
һλֶ˵
ȻˣһȻƽޱȣ˼֣ＸȨĻϣһǿߡ
˵ǿȱȻҪѡţδÿɣÿӶǴƼ¼ģˣעظ棬ΪŷչȥԶ滮
ξ񵹿϶仰ʦ˵ŶԣӾһ֣ŲҪάӣҲҪ
Ȼ޷ı䣬ǻ˵˵Žգ
һλһʡ
ŽҲʮҪʱֶŽգ֪ǿߡҲ磬ѿĳ˵ŽգĴޣһҪģ޷ԦŽգʱķš˿ǰǾ޴յӣţӳȥУзӰ죡
ǿУкܶ࣬ħа̵Ƕٴ񣬲ȥնħааħ˫϶˴ûᣬûжϸǿУڽᣬŵ֪Žᣬִ磬ɱʡøаħװ׼˱ˣ
ɱڣɱǸ⣡
Ŷʦѵʱ򣬲̤ϵ֮ǣɱھҲ磬˵Ҷʦܣû֮ǰɱҲкܴĦ֮ʱìܣ໥ɱҶʦ½еľɱϣնɱвŵӣЩ½ɱڷڣǰֹնɱɱʮˣɳ׼֮ìܣ
˵ǵڴ֮ǣԱڵӳ֣ǰĿ꣬ڡڿŽյ죬Ҫµ棬ֶ֣ԽѧϰΪڣ
¾ˡ
һʱ䣬ֶĸִһһأգɱ⣬ΪĿǰ⡣
ÿ˵УһʱƵġ
Ϊڳÿˣֶ죬һپ٣һڿŽյ죬ɱĨɱâôһֶˡ
ҲõģҶʦܡ
Ȼ䣬ǿߴﲻ̸֮ʱĮȻ˵ˣλʦȻһμ棬ҹעִеÿ񣬴ɽ絽ţÿһ񣬶ԲɣҶʱ伫̵ģϴӣɼҶʦʹˣҶʦԸ񣬿²ڽյ죬ɶ棡
ΪϣȻ鷨ߡֵӡ״ӣҪ˽ÿһε¼ǻϵƣǲ£ƽʱţǶκ¼Ƕա
˶޳һһλվԼ뵣ǣλҶʦܻ̫ᡭ
᲻ǻ£ʱ
һۣ

֪ʮȥɽ罻ᣬʼʮʱ䣬֮˸ˣ԰ȥ㣬޷ݵжˡ
ռ磡
ݡ

֮УӰֳ˫¹꽣ڽգʱͷŽ໥ĦʱԽ
һãգ˫¹꽣ݵؼٴɱֲҶȵĽ磬΢΢𶯣Ҫ֪ھ֮Уƿص磬Ȼɼں֮ͷŵ
꣬ꡫ
һڣ
Ҳںָָֻ֣⣬ҫ
ָһָǵ棬طɳڽգΪˣ͵ؾȼա
ָͬʱһͻͻͻطȻ棬ý֮ҶȶͬܣʱΪǻΪ֮⣬ͬͨı̬
ھ֮Ужʮ֮꣬ãںɽҲǼΪģˣõ֮󣬶Ҫں
ռƵҩں˵ȵȣʺϲԽʱ䣬ھռԽԼʱ䡣
֮˱԰պãҶ뿪ľռ䡣
ھ¥ϣűһͬȥѰ⼸ʮջķᣬõֱйɾһ𳬼Ϊ˵ûгʲôӡ
˵ħĹգչʾħʧҿȥմ֣
ͷͷӿӿ̷ߺȣħһףڴը˶ȥ
ħˣϴִ񣬱ʶħɽ糬һ̻ᣬҲȥʶʶ
֮Уһʮ˶飬Ҷ纺ࡢɾĪȻ漴߳Ҷһ⣬û뵽ɽ罻֮ϣħҲ֡
ҶȣĽֵȥ
ڼֽڰգƯһйģĽֱ̨Ưڷӡ֮УǷڱ֮Уӵײ㵽߲㣬飬ħҲаɵһɹɲͬϢһϢ
һЩڰ׳µĹԱάҲͷŹĹˣһԸһĽʢᡣ
˷ɽˣоۼһɹħаҲէһȥ˺ҪγĴӪħڡа̡塢ǽ
۽磡
ĪȻˣڶǰ棬޷ǰֻҶȵƯڸߴա
Ŷ
Ҷ˵һŵϣһĨܲЦݣùɾػˣ纺곯а̷ȥ
аӪˣؼа֮Ҳħ֮ˣ֮ҲУǲѶԷ
ಣ
ʮӰʱа̷ɳͷߣһϢǿʢص꣬һۣ˫ȫ̵ܽĶݣߣȻɽħڵ޶ħħȵĲħһħаš
еɵۣеľȻֱͷųơ
Ща̡ħڵ꿡ܡ
ֵܣǰǰˣû˿⣬޼ڣֲޱڣһ
һλаǰֱˣɻ󲻽ʵ
ǣɽħڵ޶ħаЦɲҪӴˣֶۣյ״ӣǰӣɱɱʮ˵Ҷȣ

а̡ħ֣ʱкĿ⣬ŻɴˣˣҶȡ纺
ڶݡ޶ħħ˵Ҷ궼һμӹɱĹѡ
ݡ޶ħħǧ겻ϲλ̤ɵ۾磬ھ
һ󺮷ϮҶͣգĿ⣬ҶɵسХһ
һа̡ħǿߣҲ˲ڰͣ˫ף޶ħɭɭЦ˵ĺã֮УҲǷˮ𣡡


959 ն
ޱߣҶϣͬΪɵۣ궷ΪҪҶȸ߳һأЦһҶѣҪ˵̫׵Ļɣ
ݣһδ־ˣҵϣֶ쿪Žյ죬ǿǰ
ݣҶɽ磬ĵһʵ൱൱ͬŵĶֻ֣ϧĶݣҶ˵һб£ǣΪأϣܹն
ߴߣ˶ᱻԼԽǰ֣ͬǬɡ˹ɴۡ߾ȵȹŶҶ޵У³£ˡ
ãǵʱټɣ
ĮȻش޶ħһȺ֣һȥ
˹Ȼǽɵ۲ãҲһɵۡһдûҶȣУ޶ħǾš
Ҷڸı䣡국Ӧһ䡣
һسɳˣа̡ħڵԴԶҪḻͨඥǸϴ裬ʵͻƶ£Ҫǵ̣ͨŬУڳ۽׶Σͻ̵ֳҪԣ
ǰȥҶҲŴңɾϣħʽʼʶƽʱԼı
̫̫࣬Ƕ˵ħڡа̶صģʶа̡ħԼ
Ȼħûʧ
һνһ߳ϵس֣Ҷ˴ӿʼûг۶֣ħ־޴̨һˣȡܣմֻԣ̫ۺ֡
ҶҲĪвҲûʵȥɽᱦ

ħȻڿգóʮʲôֳʿöĿɿڴħǴֱʣǳһ̻ᣬֱóΪħ򿪸г
ÿһǴƷҽϺõмҶȶĲѣϧ۸̫ߣ̫࣬һĳǧƷʯ߼ۣһﵽƷʯ
۽磬˼ʶĸü۸һδֱ
Ʒʯڵھɽ磬һСɣڰɽ£һްԵ
ɽ磬ɽ۷ǿ磬ôʯĳǿ˵Ҳʲô
ٶʯľͷ˵Ҳһ֡
ħӵеƣаħǰ׬һʣȻǰħаִ׬һʣͷˮҶȶˮ
ȻҲԲ̻ͨᣬнףɽʲô磬ÿʿﶼ໥ףʵ඼ɱԽͨǿ̻ᣬ̻Ϊм˫޷Խ
Żħĳɹ
ħ״ϣҶȻǸӦϤϢɽ磬μӹɱúܺεҲӫҲС
ȻֶܶӣҲڻ᳡ֻ̫࣬໥ײߴ඼˵£ҶȿԸܵǵĴڣ޷ӦҶȵĴڡ
һЩֵҲˡ
УһЩرϢҶȡ
ħа֣ϢһۺϢأҶҲԸܵȻᮡͳꡢϫҲС
û뵽棬޵Ϣ
Ϥ֮˳⣬ҶȶһɸӦϢΪعעǽǿеļ
޲еϢ
ϸϸһ룬ҶȾͷ࣬屾ǴӵͼͨŻи߼ʶΪޣޡޡʥʵʶǲģֻյıԴͬѡ
а봿
аȻޡޣޡޡ
֮дڸޣҲǿġ
̫棬ɽ֮󣬻壬ֻѣɽ绹жٵڣϹͥܰ޶Ͼɱɣ
ԭҲң˼Ҷ϶޷ܣҲ֪ܵĶ䣬ͥڴ󲿷ޣҲ޷˵նɱնɱģ絽ʱ³޳ɽ磬κ⣡
ҶУһֱǣ۽飬ǾǱ³룬壬ΪٴǿŬ
³ں۵ѪѳΪһĴڣʥޣڶ̶ʱ䣬ʵ޷ĵزᳬԽҶҲ˵
ҲܣӦԼȥ⿪ҶֻˣҪԼɳ
ˡ
ħ־ʱͻȻҶڳһ΢΢춯
ǡ
һϲҶ˫ͫԾæһץһ鱾壬Уһ΢ĵ΢΢ͷš
磬ôͻȻˣ
壬ǵն죬ҶȻгƵϵ֮³ˣ˶޷ӵС
ն챾Դ֮ֻҪΧҶȲøӦϢͻ໥Ӧ
纣Ҫȥն磬˳㶣ɾౣңҶֻ纺һ˴кƾʧ˺֮С
֮ǣһæĽֵ
ÿǿǵڵǿߣ
ڣ찡ǱȳһɣǿĴڣ
ԭһжУȻһЩ˼æֵԣͣ˽ۣΪڽֵһˣǧʿͬװ䣬ǵı䡢Уһɵ
ǵϣҲһ޴Ĺ֡
ǵݣһĴڣҲǵ
жٵߣףǶԼΪĴˣɽ󲿷ֵ߶ս뵶
ԣκγһɣҪǿΪһеĺ塣
ϸЩߣһɵ۸߽ףˣֱͷųϢжˣΪģ֪
ҲһصĴڣΪʿ඼ڿޣͬ˵еĽڣЩལɣҲĳչء
ŵܶǰΪڲ䣬мɽ磬ϼνᣬδ֣û뵽һˣ
Ǵ۽簡ε򣬲֪ҪͶٵ񻰣
ˣڵǼɵ־壬һǿͬʱҲ
ٹڵնɱħĴ˵
򣬾
øڣһֱŴ˵ȴûۼʶЩʿһɵۣʵҲǳԽ󲿷ɵ۴ڣʵκγһɱȼ磬һҪâɣ
һˣƽþһͨͽɵۣȺУĿӵʿǾ˰ǰһһ߹
ֵܣ
Ȼһֻ֣ʿȫʧڽֵʱӺ󷽰סҶȣȴ޵Դϡ
ûнƺϤˡ
Ҷ͵ؼתͼۣסն죬һԣʱӵһ
ӵ֮ҶȾͼæʵ磬㰡Ϊһֱæ絶֣ﱸȡȨû뵽λ֮ǣ
ҵȷæչߣǻط˵⸽е֣һ֣ҿҪ֮أ
նصسҶȵͷҶȱ㲻˵ȻҶȳβȥĿԶһ¥


960 ɵ
һҾ¥ģһ㣬ͷҺдʯҶն죬ûλá
¥Ѱһ䣬ǰ֮洦˷ȥСܿһþƺòˡ
ֵܣһ
նȻǸȾƵĺӣֱӻһץг룬ļһڴںȹ⡣
ϤζҶȲ˲ǣһɴľ㣬նеơ
أ
ͻȻһβͣ˾ƵģſϣնǰǸ«صֱл
ʵڿɰ˲ᡣ
նû취óһ«߶ӡ޾һڽס«ڣ滺ӿȪޱߺȱҡβͣҶնڡ
ģҶն춼һ⣬κ˶ԭҲ˸Ȥ
أ
һ¶ǣҲضзӦذСβͣһڻһơ
һ
ҶնһЦȻžƾҶȱʵ磬Ϊλŵμɽ罻᣿ǴӲĸ󣬱һֱڶ֮𣿡
Ϊ
նɫɳЦ˲Į⣺ͼƻѡΡѾѡһ
Ŷ
ڵǿԶһһɵλ̫߳࣬žҶȼʶԽԽ㣬Ҳ֪ɽڵǰʲô೬һɣʵֻھɽ粿ֵһ
˶ɽ磬޶Ӱ
ħһͨħаĴĳֶ죬ĳЩ棬ҲҪѷɫࡣ
ڣҲˣһ޴ڡ
ʮأ⼸䣬ͻȻðݺأҸĸͷһһ޳ɶ֮λֻδ֪£ʽŲþҪʽҲ׼ʽϣڣ
ô꣬󲿷ֵͬ壬ΪҸĸңȥ꣬ЩϹŶ֪ҴڵģһֱѰҵ䣬Ѿʿϣʱ˳ҿȺߵĳªĿ
Ϊʵһƻ׼ɱһȻ֪£ҲڵĴߣҲδȥ
һնѵڴƣԼĿģ߸Ҷȡ
Ҷ󣬲ϲǣĿ͸ɢ磬ĪСܶԣԸߣǴ㰵£ʱɱһֲǱ¶Լݾ𣿡
նȻһЦҶȴһ룬Ȼζ˵Ҳ֪һ֪ҵĴڣڼƻ϶뾡취Ըҡҵĺֵܣж͸úƣҵĸף쵶նɱħ쵶񻰣ҹʮ꣬ҲȥԼļƻʱֵͳֵܣҲҪ𣿡
ҶȶʱЦþûЦݣȻǴ磡ССܼʶֵ֮룬ֵܣ൱ˣɱ뵶ڣкξ壿磬ģʲôʱ̣Ҷ֧㣬ͷ֮칬ҶˣһȺСֺҳݣʱѪȾգֵһش棡
ţ𣡡
һƣһںȹ⣬һ룬նֵܣΰɱƻҴ˼λ֣㵹ǲó֣
ǺǣҴ磬ȻҪһԶţģϴߺұƽɴ۵ĵ߾ɾ־ͷй潻棬硭ѾУǸҪ㵣ĵСֵܣҲԶһ棡
磬ҲǵǸСֵܡ
նͻȻ΢΢һҡҡͷͫʪˣҶȶƱȻȥֵ֮飬޾󣬼㺣ʯãҲ۵һ졣
նͷһĨ⣬ҶȺȹƣһѹ棺˵ĺãĳɳһһμ֤ðɣΰɱƻֵܼǣ˶֪ôһֵܣʱֻҪ߶ǧͼڰеȴǣǳ˲ӣֵٶҲ٣
ٺ٣ڵˣҴӲĴǴĵˣڣֵҲᾡȥնɱڣҲ壡
ɱĶһλڵǿߣԲڵֻһһЩϹŶĴˣɽҲһɱÿɺ䶯
¾ôˣ磬ʹһ
ˣֵܣ绹Ҫȥã֮ҪǸӦϢģ
Ǻãһ룬Ǿݱ𣡡
ֵܣȣ
ֵܣ
Ҷնֵܣż磬ͬʱһƣȻնһ뿪¥Ҷһ󣬾ͽˣ뿪˾¥
û뵽硭
뿪¥ڴ֮ϣҶȻãδնʱ֮лعǿƵģ̤ʵĸо̫ѵá
ߣŪҵĹǾˣ
ȻǰԶżʮҲ࣬ͻȻһƣһըʱĿ⡣
̷ܻìܣνˣ޼鲻̣˵֮ǣҲֲٱˣŪ޷ģڷҲǾġ
ΪǵЩҶȲŶɾҪע⣬ֻг֮ǣ𵽱á
ڴ֮ǣǲ⶯֣췽ͥùӳԡ
ԩԩ
ܿ죬ˣͱһȺ̷Χסп죬̷ͣŹǣȻڹۿȴ鷳¡
ˡˡ
ҶҪ·ʱȻָεĴ޽䣬΢΢һȻǿҵĿʼ
Ǵ޽δйķӦҶʱӡסȻͣסһһȺȥ
̫öʯոյУͲѺۣʯֽţ
ˣһȺ̷Χס˶֪һλˣŻ̨һöƬ̷Χ֮˽ͣϧ̫΢
һƤֺˣһֺΪΪص˵öƬ޼֮һλѼҴ֮ߣɣóǧʥƷʯ͵ˣ
һǧʥƷʯ
ǻᣬԱˣҲ
֣㻹ɣҪǣ˶ŵΪҲɵĽף඼ɵסף̷ͽɵʲôǸ߽ɵۡ
Ҳ˵̷Ҫѵǣǣһֻϡ
һ㼫ȵĬĬʧţЩ̻ڰ֣ûôʯ
֮һɵ۵ԩͷծλɵֻڰ·ʶʲôѹϵͨڡͨڣ
λһЦֶһεģһȺɨǣô򵥣ǵǽƻĺܣ첻һˣˣ֮ҪǧʥƷʯǶ֣Ȼִߣǣ
⡭ߵˣʱ
ԷԲǿЦģ˵塣
ԣԱǣ
ɿˣȻλɵ䲻֣˾һ𣬷·λɵۣ׷״óʥƷʯȻɵۼó󲿷ֻ֣ǳ䵱Сͷ
ⲻͶˣԺΪԺΪ󣡡̷ȴɵ۲ĵأһŷӡ
õͷ⡣
һȣ
ͻȻһ꣬ڴɵ̷֮䣬ⳡƽ


961 ٽ
֪£
̻ˣŭ৵ڰϡ
ڹϣۿҪթһʣ󷢺ƣһ޲ðѰ˺÷顣
ڰ꣬е˫룬һҲû˵Ƭһץ
ʲôҪŭˡ
ֻǿƵıֵٰˣǽʲô
ҶȣЦݣʱһٿȻƬƯգǰʲôۣǺúõһ鱦𣿡
ģ
Ŀ֮£Χֵˣһ֪⣬˿̼Ƭһ񣬱Ӳˡ
ллˡɵۡҲһʶôһ֪£̼Ҷʩ
ߣɢɣɢɣ
˭֪Щ̷ȻҲûҶ鷳ôһµˣúýѵһ١
ǣһǶûֻ֣Ҷɵ뿪û취˭ýһ֡
˲ԭα¶һ㣬ҶȲûйֵذԭί˵ǼֶΣǶЩ̷·
Ҷȸһ·̷Ҳ֪ȤеҲֻǷŹ׵ĸˡ
лȣл
ֵտ֮Ҷȴл
Ҷֱӿɵۣʵɽ磬ŵĵߣ
ǣǣʱ˿̣ɵűϢоǰҶȣһͷǶֵľǿߡ
ôһǿߣɵ۲òֻ֣ҶȾȻ֪ţѽ졣
ɵۣҲԲͬĿ⣬Ҷȡ
Ҷ˵Ȼߣɵˣ񻹲֪ҶǵѣԱ濴侲ǹŵûˣǵˣǽֻ·һ
ͻȻֵҶȣʵѹǼΪѹ֡
㿴ʲô
ڴɵ뷨ҶȻµó߰˰ˣûй־֣¶ɽŵ޽䡣
ǡΪĴ޽䣬ŵӣӵе£ɵɲǼˣԺһƬ죬ҲľʧȥӦ
жļͣҲ㶯Ļζһö޽䣬İ־Ϥ
Եö޽䣬½żȻãշɽ磬ţ˭ʧۣ֮ɵֶۣӣҵͨƣ¿ʱң
ҶȷһץһƣȻת¾ľ˵Ĵɵۣһʧ֮С
գۣûҶӰӡ
ơû뵽ֵܣĴţֻܳΪزǴˣҴšɵۻ޷ţȴƣ·𿴵ϣ
֣
ϲϲû뵽ֵܻˣֶ쳶ϹϵΪ̫ǿ󣬿϶ֶĸ֣ߴˣɲҪЩѵܣ
ɵۣ˲ͰѴɵΧֺϱš
֮ǰ鷳Щ˼ֱǣɵеһЦû˵ֻǾ˽ȥ
ŵĵߣɽ磬֪Ѫȷ磬ɽ罨һɡ˵ۣ֮½ߣͷţﶼΪආһ
޳ʹȻΪʧۣ֮Ϊֶӣ룬ǵҼţҲкۼҲǲһɣ
ʧĵطҶһŲ߳ûܿע⵽Ĵڡ
ʱܿɵǰʧıӰ
桢ǧԭ桢׽̽о졢š桢ͳꡢǶ۾ڵĴɵۣԾްԡ޵ǿ߳ҶǰҶȵв֮£һسԽ
һǰ޹ˡߵĴ棡
ʦܣٻعӪﻮſգ
Ҷд֮ʱһŮӵֱӴӴ֮մ·ŮӾڼ֮⡣
ʦ㣬ϻ
֮ˣξ
գֶҲӭһ졣
ħŽգħаķ֪˶ٵǿУøֶɽˣڶħ
ħˣɹţᱻ̻ħȻҪܵشҲֶҪġ
Ҷ纺ͷһֻǳգ纺ϮϮҶȷֶڵɽ֮ۡ
ˣɹɾΪѰԸʿ
ɽۣҶ纺䣬忪ʼУȻֶɫۣҡһ䣬ΪһĽֶӣ
֮⣬мλֶڻҶȣʩȻҶȽ
ʱҲвǿߣԼˣʮλŴӣҲ·Ҷȵ˲ҶȼϤҲΪֵӴֵӪ֮С
Ҷǰһλ£ϷλĪԿ񡢻ξ񣬻λߣĸ֣ΪԲ۷壬ΪߣϷ
Աδ룬Ҷ֮󣬺Ȼ߳һָŮʦܣΪβᰡ
ҶȻͷһŮӱλûҪһΣͬμӾɱΪ״ӵϫӡ
ϫһ׳£ǶŲپӨƬӵǸЩɬŮ̶̼ǧͳΪ񻪹ģֶȻ͡ıһˣƣоֹѩŮӣûжٲࡣ
ʦ㣬Īж״ӣ㲻Ҳ̧ͷͷҶȱȻʵ
ϫݸݸһЦˮŽ죬ҿ״ӡŴ棬Ҳ֪žеĿŽգǹκκսΪ½ӣʮŴҪ׵壬ҿµʱҲҪ֣
޷ɣΪ½ӣʱΪЧʱ̣ʦõɽĲٴУΪһĪʦ֡ʦڱž棬ҷ⣡Ҷȿؿϫ˵
ǺǣʦܵȷɣҴ״ӪҪúúֶԸӪֵѹǣ
ǣǣʦܶúʦ㣡
ֶ죬ֵӪҶȻҪϫӣԼֵӶҪúú
λȻ˶ˣͰջľߣֲ񣬾뿪Žգֻʮʱ䣬ǲҪӪһǿ磬Ҫϵţħڡа̡壬ԼһЩ۹
ξΪʦ㣬һָһǰһܴĽ滮ͼ̨Χʮλ̨õϸϸһ޴Ľ硣
ŽģǴʲô֮ͨ󣬱㿪ʼ֣壬Ÿָɣ״ӡֵӣȥϸ񣬴ã
ˣ濴ξ񲻶ıͼ״


962 ֶĹ
һξֶ֣кĵӡֲҪֶ֮ȫʼﱸҪһС
硢˷ȵȡ
Žգɽ罻һҪڣȥĴ޶վǴͷϷ
ÿһһţҪŽգһʱ䣬ֶ˵ܳһ˿⣬ȻҪɽǰ档
ʱԽԽͥҲվоʱ䣬̻ᵽɣۿһ쵽ֻʱ䣬ڴ֮룬һɳУƯһ޴ƽ̨
ƽ̨Ǵ󲿷нյĵطҪģﻹǲ֮ķ޶Ҫ̨
ƽ̨֮ϣһĽ磬ڿʮˣҲֻдʸ룬ɢСţֻڽ֮ۿ
ǧֶڽæµţڽ֮⣬вٹͥˣΧά򣬿Լħа̡ʮˣֻϰˣϵط֮С
ֶӪһ֮С
λʦܣŽգҪҾͲٷϻʮ˵ĸˣҶǸҲҪҸ𣡡
Ҷȸ߸ߵڴ֮ϣ·࣬ʮˣҶʮλŴеһ֡
ʦ֣ǶΪĿ꣬Ϊ⣬Ϊ״ӣ
ʮ֮УŮ֣֮һλòŮӣ˵ŵӣʱ䣬ûʮ꣬Ҳ꣬ڽܳΪ½ӣü֮£ɢĿ⡣
ȫһ۹ȥе½ӡ
ЩŵӣǴӾɽʮڵ֮УѡγʹˣʵǿеĴﵽɵʮΪѿԶԿͨڵʵ
ţʮˣ֮һľӣڸ߸ϵҶǰǵĸȻ޴档
ԴҶնɱɱʮˣֳΪ״ӣֶ켸еӣ٣˽Ҷȹȥ
ʮǺĵӣȻҶȹȥ˽ò࣬ɵ۵ͽףնɱɵʮףڼǧ꣬ʹͨɣΪɵǿߣΪ״ӣһд棬Ƕֶδйġ
һλеʦһʦܡʦõͷϣʦܴΪ٣
žһôǶϢŴΧСҪЭȥ᳡
ҶվҲ֮ӭҶǰʮҶΪ뿪ʱգҲϫӴʮλӷ֮ɳأɣʱʱʶһ
ɳ̨һ˷ǿߣΧҲʮˣҪ֪Щ֮İٷ֮һɳصˣҲһͷ
ֶҲǳ֮࣬ԼˣͳͳξٷӴ᲻ͬطΪֶ쿪Ž
ƣ֮ǿߣҶҲΪ𺳣ֲɽ罻ΪɽһʢᣬȻ鴫
Ҷʦܣǿɿ㣬Ҳע㡭
һݺ鶯תӽһ
Ҷȸոմʮӣ̨һʱشҶȶҶͷԪ񣬱ڲԶȸ뼸ʮλǿΪһСӪЩǿߴ󲿷ֶǳΪжľ쳡ӫӶС
󲿷ˣҶȶδ
һͨµĶľ쳣ҲҶȴúŬɽ罻֤ǫ̃
ֵܣҪͣ
ţࡢȵӿѪڽ֮˺УشͶ
ЩϤҶӦܶˣڵʥɽʥڵţԼһɭɭɱɱڸ֣ȫ̵ܽĶݣħڵ޶ħȵȣҲС
ҶȻڵаӡҩɾˣȻӵгϢɵʮ׶꣬ͻ̤볬۾硣
ҶӦˣԶԶֹ
ǣȻӳͷ֮ӳķߣԼʮˣҲαװ˺֮УЩȻʶֶҶȣֻ֪ͨڶ֪ҶȾЩͰлҶȡ
ǰһ֮ԵĴɵۣҲһ˺֮УעҶȣڵĸҶҲʶûнʵɽ磬μӾɱĲţҲΪιֶ콻ա
֮Ҷʶ󲿷ˣֱһۻᡣ
ҶעǣҲעǽɽ罹ϫӡʮӡһ½ӡ
ɶҶȡ
һһǧΪӪزȺɽɱڣʱɱͷĿƻҶȣԸҶȰ취Ըֶİ취
ʮ˵ϣΡҪΪʮ˵ܱ𣡡
ӣҪһһڽ£ǷһΣһҪ𣡡
ͷĿҲɱ˽֪ʮɱ֮һʮӸ첻һͻһβ˵ɱ¾
ɱڲԶΪͬһƬŵһǼ۵Ĵɽĳһɣޱڡ
һλߣȻһӢ˵국˵ΣΪͬһʱڵţŶҶΪ⣬Ŵ˽ֶżǧ꣬Ҵɵ۾磬ֳΪ״ӣһ
ΣΣλۣ񸡵꣬ǵɽеľɱһߣޱڵľŵӣΡ
ͷҶȵˣΪɽ綼֪ľţҲΪޱڵ״ӡ
ĪһЦ֮ǰҲδѴ˷״ӣһϣߵøԶʽ֮ϣ
һ߸ų룺޷ȵģޱʵԽֶ죬ĳɾͣ϶ᳬԽ
̨
ֶеξ񣬻мʮλǿߣڻϻ𣬻ֵ·ĪԿҶȡϫǰʮλӣڵȴʢῪʼ
ãʮλ칬ִܶˣҲ᳡գڵ֮УʢʽĻ
ˡ
һĺڴ֮Ǿþš
Ź˴շ¡ʽֶ죬ڿࡣ
ֻʮλֶӴӸ̨ɳʮ֮Уһһʩɼ˵ЩʲôЩӣʼʩչֶ󷨡֮ͨ
Щɽ磬ֶĲͨڽһ죬ǰչֳΪľֶĲոŽֶ졣
ַչֳѤʥ⣬γɲ̬ͬɹҲչʾ֮Уɼֶڽں̶ȡ
˷ˣĽҪʶɽ磬ŮΪľɷ緶ȻС
ֶ첻ǿ
ħڡа̡Ǹעֶÿչʾķ˵¼
Ϊɽ罻ᣬԹȻ磬ƽʱһѪȷ硣
¼ĵ̣ȻŹ
ЩпõĻӣʲôãֶ춼Ůɣ廨ɣ
Ȼվһ𻢱Ĵ󺺣һ·ѣֶӣһòֹͣ


963 ˷
׺ڣֶƻһչʾӣŭԡ
壬ô໨ӣ
ʿֶӵŭӣһν˷ͷеǣҲϷİɣ
Զԣ
˷˿ʼӦɽХ־棬ִƣֶʱҪɵ
ðλҪһŻԱڣие˽⣬ǱڽգȻӭ˷ѣһһͽ̣
ֶ챾óĬҲԻ⣬ӻȥǣΪɽ糬һţûѡĬ
һŮӣվһλŮӣξߡ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬ħڡа̡塢ϵطɳʮ֣ȻǳΪɵۡ
ɽ磬ɵ۵硣
ֶȻŮɣƣЩŮӣɫ㣬˽꣬ҲǷ֣
һħڵ꣬ȫֶ쵱һ£Ȼֱӿֶ󲿷ӣĿ¶⣬˿Ҳء
ԶԣϧûнЩӣһ˴һ
Ŷֶ컹һҹ֮䣬ȫŮ˶˯ˣ
˾ȻҲħ֣ȻֶһӣϷЦ
˭һս
ʱϫһ߳һλеӣʵŭɶɱҪһһ
ʦܣʦ
ǣ̨ԱһŮӣ㰴ס򣬴󷽵һһݣĸɻµţֶŮӣδйһݱࡣ
Ŷ
һȺǿߣʱɫģɫضŮӡ
ģûһа̵ӣȻ߳ĶŵضŮʩ񣺡һֱֶӶڻŮ衢г裬λӣԸ࣬ϣõ࣡
ѽ¡ŮӾȻûжŭ
λֵܣǻ°ɣ˼˼°εͷҪȳζ
һаתʮǿߣʮֵ˵
˵á
Ȼ䣬Щǿ߻˵˵ʲôͻȻһᣬ˵
䣡
ΪŮӣյһ㻭һߣһ˿Ϣδͷų˲Ϣ֮䣬ץһֱӺаǿߵﴦ
аǿ߶֪ôһ£һȻһ籩̨֮£֪

ŮӵȻһЦתȥÿһӯֲʧҴһ޷ݵĺϢ
ããã
Ϊ𣡡
һʱ䣬һн֮⣬ضɽҡĻֶĵӣȻǲǳ䲻׾ͽһа̸֣Ϊˡţ档
ಣ
ֶϷɳʮеӣҶȡϫĪԿļеӡ
ͬʱִаһɳһЩֶ֣죬ǳ̫ЩɣȻ֣ͻʦܽ𵤡գһҪ˵
˵Ƕֶ첻Իʿ˭֧ǣɣм£
һеӣһƯգħڡ塢а̵ĸ֣Ȼ壬ֱӽ
Ǿа̹ͨɣ
а̸֣аһͷֻɳʮλӣֶеͬ
а̫˰ɣգȻʸ룬ҲŹᣡ
Ȼ䣬һɷɳˣɣ޼ڣЩӣҵۣɵ۸߽ס
޼ڣ
һֶͬĴɣǿŸӹϸ޼ڣ⼸ӳ֣ħڡа̡嶼뵽ֶⳡʢ֮С
ҶʦܡϫʦãƶǺܲЩӣȻʵѲڣǶħڡа̡崦ƣҪʱ̿סؼʱ򣬲˵ӣӪҲôһЭ
ֶ̨֮ϣҷĪԿҶϫӪҷֵӪΪֶĵӣ֣ĪԿض
ֶɽĽڿĻ
ʦ㣬ɿĻʦʦ㿴űǣҶϫӴ
ǺǣʦʵӦñʦҪǿȻʦҪΪʦ󣡡ϫӵһɡ
䣡
ʱ䣬ֶʮλеӣ޼ڡħڡа̡ʮڽգˡ
ײĦ֮ףը˹
ڲΧ˶עնʮ˶޼ڵصħڵĿħа̵ĸֶĴƣγһѵõˮīͨչֳ
ᣬϸֶ̨ۣ죬֤ԼûᣬһЩˣɽʱ̣ڴ󲿷˵ɽǰΪԼҫ
ֶһ⣬˶ȥʳ
κĿģڽϣҪֵ˲ſֻ֣ҪﵽĿģֻһʷʽѡ
СӣΣҵѪǶ֣ζܰɣϧҵѹǻа̵ѵĽ𵤣ҲҪ㿪ٺ٣
ս۹⣬һսܿͷֳʤһֶеӣſµаѹһа̸ֻ֣ӳұۣƣʱΪѪ֮֡
ͣ
Ѫ֮κϢѹȥֶ޷һץţа֮ڡ
а̸ɭɭһЦͫűУһа֮⣬е¸ȥ
һУеӽȻˣһӾ군ˡ
ٿ
ۿаҪеӣֶ̨ÿӶ뿴һĻһĻˣеӾȻƾյطʧգ۾ͻعϫӪ֮С
գǿаȻ˸գа̸֣֪£ķĶ֣صֶӪȻੲݵسȥϧո̤һһ֮סƾΣ޷ǰһ˿һ
̸µͨ
ʱҶһӪõҶ⣬һеӷ˳ҲһеӣʣĶŮӡ
ŶðһһѪǶ֣
а̸֣Ȼ־ǿµа˫ֶΪѪģӶնɵа
񣡡
еӸոշɳҲܣֻһѪ֮ϣ֪˱˼ȴûܵаӰ졣
Ŷ㾹ҵɣа̸ּȵزš
̫ţⲻ֪شˣʲôûгԷ£ʰ㣬Ϊʦֱƣ
еصسХһһһͬɱڵشɱ֮ٶȿľˣɼλеӲֶڵеٮٮߡ

Ѫ֣֮ײԽ
а磬ȻǴܺ޼ɵģ
֮ڣһɣţֶеӣа֮Ȼ壬ڽʤǴġ
ԹħаѹٵҪСоֶȻη
ߣе޵
ڽ֮ˣ۷׷ף˳ĬҲ뿪ֶ֮콻չÿ˹ע


964 ķ
ʦܣȻͨ󣬶лʦԮ֣
ֶ߲㣬Ϸϫӣǹλ˵ȻҶʩ
ղҶȰг֣λеӣΪһˣϫ˵δҲʧܡ
ʦ˵лл̫ˣ
ҶΡȻȻ־һĻξĪԿԼȵֶǿ߼֤š
Ҷȶδ֣ȴ֪˸ǲ˼飬ͨ˷ʤһžͨ
ͣ
֮Уλаɵۣһأ˱ԵȥֶеӸûȥ׷ɱֶڵĸ֡
ƣ̸¸У
аɵܣһλɵ۴һڲ֮ǰһɳֱӳӽ
ã
ӳɹһа̸֣ˣ֤Լˣսӭȥ
䣡
սܣħ˰ֶҲǼܣӭȥҲŮӼС
ӣ
Ȼ֮䣬ħڷɳһӰһİСħݺ꣬һħڸһŮУʱӶ
ħʥ
ħһ̣ӽ⣬һ·ħ꣬˽֪ħǿߡ
ʦܣҪעλʦãΪҪԵĵˣħǿţħڵǿߣħʥǰãսһڳۣȻɵʮףնɱһڵĸ֣Ӷɽ磡
ϫ˲ɫλŮӣĵ֮һҶԮǿѾӵгЩӣ´붼ҪϣŴҪħڣμĴ޵ģȴ
ȻǸħʥĸ֣һ´ֶƻ
ǻһŸ֡
ֶʮʵҶȻһĿȻʮˣһԶԿֻۣķ֮һӵ濹⣬пնɱڵĳۣħʥһ֣ѹʮ֮У󲿷֡
ħ˱Զţ޼ɵȥֶɨأΪ۵ĸ֣ξĪԿȵֲ֣ܳôֻܿҶȡϫӡֵȥƽ⡣
ħʥֶЩŵӣ¶ҪУ
ˣóħǹҪɳһǿߣѹֶ죬˭ֶΪ࣬ǰ轻յš
ħʥգúܶ˼ɵȻضܿǰǸӣЦӣ㿴ҵĶ֣ܣҾͲˣҸطú׽׽
ͽҪŮӼħʥƺҲ˴ţŵ亹ֱðһ
ٺ٣һѽӡħʥ컯֮£ȻϷֶŮӡ

ŮͻȻͷһɽһħʥüĴȥ
ӴƢҲ˵Ķˣ治֪ڴϣǲҲһоħʥаضϰɽɲǡ
ಣ
ԭһ·ռŲһ㣬ɽ
ӣÿĽ
ħʥͻȻ˷ëسŮҷŮӷʤѾʩչħƿƬֳŮظץȥ
ಡ
֮£Ůӿ϶Ǵħͷ֣ǣŮӣ£ȻʩչһĿռħƿ֮£Ůವشħʥָǰʧħʥֻ½ǡ
ܿܿ˿㡭
ħʥ·ϵŮӻͨҲֶţŮʧգһָ⣬һ
ôһĽ
ݡ
Ȼһ֮ƿմħʥ
ӣôż𣡡
ħʥ׵һʽһƬʹâ𵴶ֻվһץŮͬɹⱻȻ˱Ｑسȥ
񣡡
ֶ֣Ůӣ춼ҪϷξѩ÷ζҪը
ۿֶ߲㶼޷סҪʱһȴһֶ߲Ҳֵ࣬Ӫ֮У羪һͬҪħʥħɲǼ䣬һƾͰħʥ𿪡
ƾ˵Ůǰ˫֣ĮǻŲҵħʥ
ǡʦܣŮӾδʱϤۣټǰӢӣԼȵˣŮӷ·˵Ҳʧȥҡ
֮ˣֶҶ֮⣬ƶ
ʦȥϢһʦܻúʰŮ׵
ಣ
Ů糺죬ʱת̨
ʦ֣ܺãܺãʦܳǼʱ
̨֮ϣĪԿҲʮֵ֮УĵĻʩ
ĿһģĪƶˣƮޣַ̺ͨ緶
һϫӶҶȴʦܣû뵽½ʦܣʵ˳ڣ˿Ҳʮŵһ
Ҷ򵭵ϷʯʵͬΪ½ӣҲҪΪŶսʦ㣬պǿԿʵ֣ܲò֣ǳˣ״ҲС
ǺǣãϫӲõЦЦ
ֶڲͥ⣬޴ڡ
˿̣ʮսһһҺô󲿷ֵӶ֪ж̨֣ҲҶȴά
෴ħʥ󵱳Уϵؿ
ֵֶӣ󣬽ħŽ֣µңְɣ
ȷŭħʥչֳŴɷ緶ԱȻһץһ⽣ᡣ
˵־ͳ֣ý⣬˶ǰһƺ˵ֶŮӸǺݽɫеҲһӲ硣
ħʥ죬޷СӣҼסˣ㿴ħڵħħڼǿ֮һ
ৣ
һ̤ƣӯƮ죬Ī⣬˶֪ǺεȻ
ߣ
ħʥҲͬ磬Ǻɫۣħͬˮޣ󲻶ϵرڶ
¡
ײõضɽҡ
һƾеĶ
Ѫħ
ֲ£ħʥ֪ԷʵǿħʥһħˣͷųһѪɫħȻʼԶ
ԼѪɫħħͷڿʳڿʳһٶȿò˼飬ڿʳħҲڸʴΧռҪħͨ޷
ħڣ
ɲǼ䣬ѪɫħҪɵƣƬռ·һҲȥ
ǰоȫħڵĶ֣ħҲħȡɽħһڵĿħš
ҵѪɫǲɼʿƳħҲɱ㣬𵤣Զ
ѪɫħҪʱħʥ죬ɽЦ
Ӯ𣿡
ϾƣĿ⣬Ķᵽɤۡ
ͻȻѪɫħԭħһôһӣ·ֹͣһ㣬һڹ⣬Ϊ⣬һ
ѪɫħȻֱӺħʥţˣֱӱ̨ǶѪɫħָԣϧڣЩǱس֣ħʥֶ֮¡


965 ǹ
ԭ̶ϧ֮䣬ͳ־˱仯ֻһУħ֮еţħʥ
ħʥ޷뵽ģҲħ޷뵽ģ޶ħڵɽħڡħڵħȣħ˿̲עħʥƣڼס
󣡣
ֶ󲿷ֵӣ̱ɽӰĺХ
ӽʼٸһһȥ벻ͬǿ߽֣Ӯֱֶַ۸ĳ֣Ȼһ棬Ϊֶؾ棬´󹦡
ξĪԿ񡢻ܶǿߣҲسмӣڸ߲˵Խ޷Ԥ֪ĸ֣Ƕ˵ɼѹ
ಣ
˵ʱʱ죬ɽ۵㣬ʱһɳһɫӰ
ղһУȷǷϧ޷ȥܣ
ֶ챣侲Ĭˣ࣬ҶȾһͬʱðͷţҶʮֹע˵ġ
ô
ص̨˭֪һŮӷա
û뵽ְָ֣ɣ
ŮͣգֱһץһëȽͨУһǳټķ̬ɡ
ãְɣ
ԺŮֱӽսص֮УΧЩ㣬Ӱ죬԰׵ɫҲػָԿóħʥ֣Ĳپ

Ƚ֮ϣӿ˵Ŀ·Ůӣ幦ħа̻Ҫֲײ֡
꣬꣡
ŮĮضһΧռȻҲΪһȽγɾ޴Ƚ󷨣ֳȽȽȻ͸Ӥ֮ڲ
ֶ֮ϣξλŮӣ㵵˵Ůһ죬Ҷ꣬εӰ죬֮У»Ԫ֮У֣֮
ԪΪǿ󣬿ܾҪĵ
ξΪֶһŵӣס˷ס棬˵νԲˣһܣܻһ
Բܡ
ξ񡢻ĪԿǿߴ˵ýĻѡ
ѩŮһ˿˿ͬ
в㣬ҶһʩչͨΪ棬һֱܲ򵥡

գʱȽʼǵصعһһֻᣬЩȽֲ̫˿£ɼ
ʿȻ
һŮǿ
ʱ䣬˷һ̾Ϣ
˵صģŲͬзʽȵȶͬ
ӣҪŬ
ŮضűסƺѾռݾƣʱһʧˡ
֣
ڳַǣֶÿ񾭡
һɹ󲻶ᣬһָӡϵΪһĴ֣γɺ֮ƣͻȻȽһơ
ͻͻͻ
ֲͨһָӳ֣γɿֲƣֱӰȽ󣬸յƣܵѹȱԽԽޡ
ѹ
Ůһƺû뵽ۺе̣ʱһӶȽѹסƬƶĽ
ٿ
ϧӦ̫
ץסһĿռ䣬ָһץʹӼȽݺṥ£ɹɳŮ֮С

ӹ󹥻ŮȻûгû֣ȽΪһɫԶػڡ
ôؿʧĽ
Ѿʹ̬ǿ״̬ѱΪ޷ܵģˣֲս
ŮתͷˣһĶͻȻȥĸͻأ
úã
ֶһ󻶺
øУҲռˣУǲܣӮˣ
û뵽ϢҲûУһӰʹаһɳһǶڵȫ̸ܽ֡
һֱӾָͷڳһǿȡ
ȭã
һУ
а̸֣ȫӿһɹɹаʱаȻ˺˿ռ䣬ֱ˺Ѷ
ֶΣ
ʿټʶа̹ǿԷڣͬ˺Ǵ۽硣
⻹
˺Ѷ󵭵һЦ˿ûΪֽ֣κƣףʩչֵӲѧϰͨΪ֣дһָը˺ʱһͬʱ
ãڿƽҽͨа׾
ͬʱ飬˭ҲûռϷ磬а̸֣ʱȫܽͨһɹȼаȼ
а׾
а̸ʩչͨҶһҲİ뵱ھɱ붷ݽʱݱʩչôһͨȫ̵ܽľɵʩչ˼顣
ɣ
Ȼ֮䣬һ֮·Ҳа׾ʱΪ⣬ɿֲԷȼյа¹壬ͬˮٲ˲㵹¡
һƣаȼ֮ͷų
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬֮Ϊһͻֱаȼȥ˺ҧ˺÷飬ͻͣ˺ֱа̸ȥ
ϹŵϹţǿߣͬޣĹ񹦣
һЩߣʩչͨ׷׾㵲ѡ
ȿȡ
а̸ַѹסޣ޷׻ޣϡ䣬Ѿתֶ̨ȥҲ޷ֹ
ˣ
ʦ䣬ʦ䣡
һݣֶӶվΪƺѳΪֶδᣬҫ½š
ã
ĪԿ״ӴصֵӪʱޡ
Ҷʦܣȷһ˶ˣĹȷۺĶ֣
֮䣬ֵõǰӢۣϫӲ֪Ǻεȱ飬ЦЦ
ɡڶϫӣҾ֮У
ҶֻһЦνᣬϫӻ״ߵĺܽЩӣԼĿ꣬ΪĿֶ꣬ε
ϫӼųΪ״ӣϴ˵ҶȲò
ø󡭡
عҶȿ֮УڽеĶɵسֳֽ棺սʤ֣ЩʵϣӰ죬ʵ˼
䣬ƺоһǿ֣𣬻ݷڰҶУѾһͬһζ֡
ϵֶֻ켸ٵӣϹ̨ɽķҲɳһһֶӵķɣʱɱӪȻ˶һӰɱƺҪɱڣ̨


966 ٷ϶
״ӣҶȳһս
ɱʱһ׺ɱǧɱӴһɵʮףгΪĻɱӣ·ڰйһһ৵طɳ˱㿴ȥ
ʦܣʱ٣Ҫɱ̫ţ
ɱֳ󶯾ʱֶӣĿ৵ҶȣߴξҲش
ֶ״ӣҶȣһս
λɳĺˣ֮УһɱҪǿΧˣֱӻֶֶڸ߲Ҷȣ
ɱʮ壬ʮɱ֮һ
ɱʮ壿ʮɱʮڣǳΪɱʮ϶Ҳпȳ۵ʵ
ĸ֣ڵݣʮɱӣ塢а̡ħڵǿߣҲݣɽɡ۹ˣ˭ûܹɱȺģʮɱӾɱڵĴ
ֱӳʮɱӣ
ɱڴɱǿ߲ųĵ̣˭Ҳ뵽ֶ콻ϣɱڻɳȼ
㡢㣬ҶʦǰãڼоɱɱʮˣɱǴѰһᣬ뱨ѩܣ
ڣӪ֮Уһʮڣȸľ쳡ӫӣмλӡҶȡ
ľ쳿µı飬ȴƽĵʮɱӱһ׺ܰԵɱ󣬵һɱʵҲһǶǣֻ·һҶʦܣΪ˼Ľ
˵ļǣŶûҸռʱΪز١ӫӸУҶȻֻǶۣǶҶʵǺ˽ġ
ʦΪٶȣȷˣ
ȸ˵
Ҷȡ뵱ͷڹꣿ
ɱʮųۣ΢΢زԸжôǿҵĺ⣬˫ͫɱɱ
ꡭ
ɱһˣֶ췢
ء
ֶĬˣһɰҶȵĶֻ޷·˯Ƶģһ˿˿˷ܣҪɱʮ֣˶Ҷš
ʵ㣡
ҶȻվһޣξĪԿһǿߴʩ񣬱ֶͬڴĿ£һ½ݡ
Ҷ֣ͣ
֮⣬мʮ˶飬ԹɾΪףࡢ桢ĪȻȵȣʱ޲óȥҶɱʮ彻֡
ĪȻ򣬳ΪͨߵԱøĮ䣺֣뵣ģʵжǿǶӦúһܰκε˲ڽ£
ţ
ҶȵţڰΪҶȼʹڳˣ֪Ҷжôǿκ˶֡
û״ӣ
˺Եһ£ԵЩĴɵۣżߣڽҶһһ
ŵĹˣ״Ӱ
ߣȴɵۻҪ𾪣ԭǶǴһ𻤷ͨУΪŲɼֱɽ磬֪ŶôСôҪǿ
ЩΪűһߣʱ֮ǣۼ֤ҶȵĴڡ
Ҳδ뵽
ɵ۵ǳĬ侲ֻһͽײɵۣǱϾɽ罨һţҲһ߽ɵۣơ
ɱʮ壿ɱʮϣһɱʮ壬ɱ㣿Ȼһɱʮģûꣿ
ˣİĿ⣬Ҷȴݲȣ½ݣɱʮЦһ
øɱڡŴҲڽ£÷ֶ⣬ұúʰһ
ҶһаЦģȴ侲ظԼ죬һҪɱɽ綪档
ɱڶȣֺαҪġ
СӣǳˣðɣҾҪΪʮ˵ܱ𡭡ɱУɱʮȻֱӾͳҶȣò겻ѣ˸ںʲôĿľնɱҶȡ
һ֣޵ɱУһУȻԴӿռ˷Ҷɱ
ಣ
˿´ɱ֮һСģͻᱻɱʮ壬ûȡڳˣɱڼɵڵҶη
˲ϢҶȺȻʧһƬֲ֮С

ٶȣʱķ˺

ֶ֮ϣĪԿ񼸺öҪվҶչֵٶȣԿߡ
Ǵۿеӣ
ֵӪ֮Уʮӣĸǳۣĸֶ죬ҫһж٣ͬҶɽ罻ִ̨һˣȴݵضԿǿߡ
ΪϵĻȻֵӣ֪ݣֵ֮Уֻһݣǰɵһޡ
ҶȡȻֶλԶֹڴ˰ɣ
һˣͬɫٶ࣬ͫ⣬һʮֹǿɫֳǳС
ˣ
ǵ͹㣬Űɣڵң֣ԶҲ֪ҽʲôҪô֣Ҫôֶ죬޷ᣡڨڨصЦ
񣡡
µĹдɱ֮ʣҶʧɱʮҪչһɱУ˭֪һ޵γָ˲ƿնסĺһɱ˲߽⡣
ȿȣ
ɱʮȻ޷˵һֻʹࡢ˼š
ô£
̫˲֪£ôɱʮ壬ֻһռƣգ֮䣬˾ͱһѹƵġ
ɱʮ壬һᣬˣֶ£ĻҿԷŹ㣡
ˣҶȴһ߳˫֣Ǻε֮ͨѹɱʮ塣
Сӣ̫ˣ
ɱǧɱӣʱ÷Ƶģϧֲҳ̨ƻأͻܵͥ칬ִѹơ
˵ɣֻһλᣡҶȲŲһȺ蹷ǵˣ䲻һɱʮ壬ʵ
ɱʮ徹ܶ£һƨһǺ죺Σ
꣡
˲䣬𵤵գǰ

ɽɱʮ壬ȻһУһоͱֶ״Ӹ˽𵤣
ֶ۵ĵӣȻֻһɵۣ
ǶˣҶȣֻһɵĽ׵ĵͽɵ۶ѣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȵֶΣǶҩÿ˶вͬӦʮڵˣ֪жٲС
еˣ㿴ҶȵΪֻɵĽ׶ѡ
ɵĽסһлɱʮ壬ǿȳۣ
ˣֹֻͣ𺳵

Ҷһ΢Цɱʮͬһľͷ㱻˦ɱڣһ³겻ѣǣҶȾȻֱɱƵɱɱʮˣɱʮ壬ɱڣ֮ĶԹҲڽҾվҿɱжͣ
ţ
Ե
ȵİԵţ
ಣ
һôܱҶһ仰һӣŵһӰʱʹɱڷɳ
ɱʮģӰħҶȡ
ҶȵҡҡͷǷһ
ɱ֮У
ҶһУɱʮ壬ɱʮ˵ֻһлᣬһڣǿնɱҶȣʩչɱǿɱ֮ɱ֮С
ݣ
һɱй⣬Ȼ˺˽󷨣ٿȻͳҶ
Կɱ֮ͷŵѾҶڿռȫסҶ·ȥ


967 
ǡǳ۲еķ򣡡
ǰû뵽ɱʮģΪﵽɵʮ׶꣬ûнۣճ۵Ĳͨ
һ˲ƵΧڵĿռ䣬ֻг۲еͨ
ɱʮ̼Ϊֻܹ󱳵Ĵڡ
һħʥԵϣ
һɱʮ壬ɱʮģĪҲҪҶȵ״ӽ£
ڽɱʱһЩ˸̾ѣеΪֶ촦뵽ҪٵеǸֶ̾쾿ж֡
ɱʮȫɱҶȣֻǽ̨Ҳû˳ֹһ𣿡
ϹӶóɱҪҶȣɻ󣬽ǫ̂ƿؾ档
ؼǣֶûκδվ˵һ仰·ҲɱսҶһɱڵǿˡ

Ƭ̷񣬶ɱʮҶ˵ǾӮΪؼʱ̣ҶȾʯͷɱʮƿأŻĴɱ֮УҶѲһס
ֶӣŵñ˫ۡ
ಣ
ͬһĻַˣۿɱʮģҪԼҪҶͷ­ȡ˲䣬ҶȾͲˡ
ûһ˿ûÿռ𶯣ҶȾƾʧɱʮ̲סǿһУҶʧĿռ䡣
䣡
޷ͣµĹڿռ䳹׵ػ𱬷
񣡡
ʱһָɱʮĵǰУͻأзڴǰ飬Ǻֻܿ˲䣬Լָסѿһ˿ᡣ
ףΪʲôɱʮôװҶǰ
һҶȵٶȣʵڲǿ죬Ǹ޷׽ԤϣξҶȵĹûκףƾվˣ˷
ɱʮģһֻһ仰ֶ£˼ɱʮ³һģһ
Ҷִ߳ͬǸ˫֣ͬǴݲȣͬȻ֮Уˮɽޡ
ҶʦܣҶʦܣҶʦܣ
ֱɱʮıҶͬʽƷڽֶӣϽ֮˺֮еֶӣ׷׶ҶȻ
ǿװڶˣڶλûֶ֣˲ͻᱻܣ
ǰ
ˣǼʶΪǿߡ
ɱҰɣɱʮǷӣơȫҶ£Ȼ޴飬ʱһֻ⼦˭Ժһֻϡ
꣡
ɱʮĲϵָͻȻطɱʮһ¸㷢
һŽ⣬Ϊ촷ۣڱɲѤĻ档
һµɱӣҶһףɱڣôɽ˷ǰˡ
㣬Īʹõ޵˵ĴУ
֮УһȺķӪ֮УӫƺտʲôȲؿľʵ
ţ֮û뵽û뵽֮õ˹Ī⣬ɱʮȫڵʵȻǰ߲һУǵۣ֮ø󣡡
ľƺҲǳ֮У֮ĴۣǴУҶȵУҶܷӳ˾춯ͨȷǲò𺳡
ɱڣɣɱӣ
ʱ˿̣ҶɱڵĲɱĿ⣬ûȥ෽λòҪֶ쿪һ죬ķˣͷҶɫ
ҶȾȻɱڵƣ
ͽݵ⣡
һȻǣһӰɱ޾ŭһӶһʮͷɱӡ
ҶһɨˣҲʮɱ֮һ
סŭûз񣺡ɱʮһλֵܣСӣ˭ҲȲ㣬Ϊĳۣɵ۵һɵĽףעҪҵϣ
Ŷɣ
ҶȻվ
ɱʮһȻ˵նɱڳۣ
ҲȷĿ¶֣һϢĪ⣬˷ʤ
˶ڴ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ɱʮһһ֨֨죬ƣȻγɷͻȻƺʩչһžͨҪе
Źǹ죡
ҶȱһģڷڴؿɱʮһԷʩչͨΪŹ֣˵һżΪڵԼҲҪģΪΧϢƺɱʮһС
γһ磬һԴգһͻĨɱ
ɱʮһﲻ˵زҲͬơ
ʦ㣬ɱʮһ볬Ѿֻһ֮ңʱͻƳۣҶʦҪʤҪһЩ
ֶ߲㣬ǿߴеڼ¼Ҷһһʽһڵģڷ
ĪԿҲɵתξ
ڵǿߣΪξҪɱʮһĲϰѶϢξ
ξ룬棬ذڰ֣λʵǰҶʦִе񣬾׷ɱͽɵۣɵۣҶ֪ʵɣ
ɱһλӣ
һӦƺɵۣмɱ⣬һֵӣҪõֶԴôװױɱܷŹɵۣ
һλ߿ʦ֣һΪҪԼŻеִдɱһһʧܣһ뻹ɵУ
ᣬҵԸֽѾ˵ɵǰãͷڷӡʽ֮УִߣҶʦܣʦ˼ôҷģɵۿնɱۣôҶʦɱȻҲնɱʵ
һ򵥶ԻһۣڻصĻϣ仰ѹ
˲һһ׹Ϊ񣬲ÿ˶Ȩȥգξ˵Ȼ֤һУ
ɱ
һ֣ɱʮһ֮ͻȻȻ˾һһҶӭǺ
죬޷Ӧ
ӿֲǣҶڵĿռ䣬ͬԼȫֹȻſռ䣬ͱɱʮһɣҶռһͬ顣
䣡
Ҷȣǿռ䣬ж飬ΨһһӰɱʮһֳǽ׵ռ䣬ɵЦ˼
ֲ
˫۾֤һرɱʮһɱ𺳡
ˣɣֱɱˣ
ֶȻû˳ֹҲûκαʾѵֶ첻ںһ״ӣ
ԣйŹ֣
һ״ӣȻڱնɱ֮ܣ״ÿһɣǶԴֶ쾹ȻûзӦ
ͣ
ڰ˷˻Ÿ˼ۻ֮ʣǵɱʮһͻȻ󷽣һ顢ͻأ޵ش¸
꣡
һѪĽ𵤣ͬɱʮ塢ɱʮһˣֱӱһɱڡ
һ̫ͻأͻȻ˶˫ۣһӰ߳ɱһָɱڣɣѷɱӣٶϼ
ˣȻһɡݡһ˺۶ûеҶȣһɱʮһĿռ䣬·һжδ
⣬ʱѻȸҶȵ̥һš
ɱڣɽײСšԵǣȻҶ£ѡһԲûһɱӷӦ
ѵɱڱҶȴˣ


968 ɱԲǿ
ɱڣҶȹȻ£ҲûϹ̨
ǲ£˶֪ڽϣɱˣǾԲģҶʵѾΪɵ۾ڣ޵УɱڳǳɱӣȥһҲֻȥһ
ɱѡ̡
װ׵ؿҶعֶ죬ֻУͷֱɱʮ塢ɱʮġɱʮһֶеӶڻף
ϫӡĪԿֵӣҶȱʾĵӿ
ɱʼնһжѣ칬Ǭɣɱھһֻϣ
ع߲£ҲʼָƽҶȻһƽȻģ⣬ȴɱӪǧɱڹȻ뿪һЦʱ򣬲ɱ㼸ӣǡһˣ
ʮɱӸտʼҶҲδҪΪֶΪ״ӣΪΪ빱ףȻֵӣΪֶѹһƬ磬ȻҲҪΪ
Ը˿û뷨
ֻӦġ
ܿҶȾƾգյ˳ޣԶľ쳡ӫӡȸӣҩɾȻҲҶȹͨ䣬ݵҲ˵˼䡣
ҶΪֶչʵ콻գգ۽ɹ־棬˷ʮɵɢȥֶ֣ڿƽ󷨣һһӡ
󲿷ֵӻعӪС־͵һЩˣʼȥ֮ǣҶҲξĪԿ˸кȥջһۣͨɾ˻ϡ
ɽ罻ı޶нʱ䣬ڼɣҪнգսȻĴ߳Źʱ֪жپҪ
ŽֻһΪձԤȡ
ԭʱ䣬ҶҪξĪԿ̶ʮμձ޵ģҶһ룬ֶôνţڴ֮Ѱұ
һжʮˣҶɾ뿪ɳأһɳء
μɽ罻ᣬʵֻдɣ޵ģ󲿷ˣȻȡ
Ҷ˹˼죬ȡɽ籦ʱһϤٷȥٷ֮ˣԷԶ
Ǳˣʮӡ
Ҳֹľ쳡ӫȸӣֶλӣһǷ绪УǾһֻҸС۷䡣
ĴƵѰұòܷƣ
ʱһҾ¥λӣҶһʮˣһ¥Ҷλһ˲ûгԶɶľǣͷֱһ顣
˼
ֻӶľ쳴һӸٷּǣҶȾ֪ʮӲ⴫һ£ȻҶ̵Ī뿪һ
ľ쳺ֱӳϣãĻҿͨϵãȥϵһҴͽΣӦдĴɳɣҳ棬û˿鷳Ҫǿ룡
ʮӹȻֶΡٽһģ
Ҷ룬ʮӺǶǺ죬ǵͷʵλӣҲȱֻѰ㿴жֵܡѣҪÿ˶ӵзǷķҲԣ
Ҫʮӫ⼸λӣɵؾ㵺
ʮҶȻʨӴ󿪿ڣ˵Ҳͷ
㳬һɣӵеҲڼʮ֮䣬඼ʡҶһˣھô浱ֶǡ
ȻʮûаЩﻰҶȵ棬˵
Ǻ⣬֪ʮˣһ˰ںϣǲˣҪôһ޷ںϣ鷳Ƕľ쳵Ҷȣһˮ
ӣлġ
ľ˵ǴʵҲڶҶȲԻҶʩлֵӣһַʧȥԵָԣΪСһ׮ӲţѡһʧȥԵ¿Ե֤
Ŷ
ľüͷһ࣬һɫܲ⡣
ʯ쾪Ļ˵ľ쳣ӫӡȸӣԼλӣһǸЦ
ԣڡڵľǿߣ޷ȥƣֻͨϹطȥ֧ԣΪֻ󣬲á
飬ľ쳵ӣӦ
ӫ̴Ӵ䣬һ飬ָƾóӴСĽɫʯͷգɣǡһʧȥԵʯνϣ֮µõģѺ޶ټֵϾ֮
ಣ
Ҷ̯ģʯģش߶䣬ԴԴϵԣް޷ͨҶӿʯ֮С
ʱʯ֮ϵĻɫʼ
⡭
ˣ
˲ϢվΧʯĿתֱһ컯ͨΪ棬ڶ޷£ҶȾȻ׾پˡ
ԣ
ľ쳴֮лعඣҶȣֶⷬΣϹͥ칬Լ޽֮صľͷ֪ţԶرǿƣեȡ⾪׵ֶΣ
ȻСҵıҲоصĴ֧֣ӣһĽɵۣΪӵֶ֮ⷬΣ
磬ԶҲҪ˵Լܡ
㲻Ҷʱʱ̼̿仰ľ쳴򽻵Ҳϣ߷ֽƻͨ˵ľ쳣һˣ뷨Ҷ֮Եʮʩչͨ
ȻкУôУԸɣһǿ߳Ϳ԰һһĿȻ
Ŷ
ľλӣɽߵĳۣȸӣ˶ڵĳۣȻҶȸղһ仰
ﶼ˵ҶȴĽԭֵֶ÷ӿΪֶ۵ӣĴɳ֮ԭҶȱҲһشΪľ޴ɽ
ͣҶһƽˣΪܶʱ䣬ɳΪڵǿߡ
ӴǾͺúú
ľ˵һζĻ
йϵΪϣܶռָܻԵõľԼˣ֮Ȼƽ֣ԽԽãţɽһһ㣬ܼԦԵܣԶҪȥҲԼ鷳ǶʦͷΪ鷳
һΪ
ľ쳴ʮӣһھɽ磬Ҷɺ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ҷһ΢΢ҡ
ֵܣٸ簵ɱǿߣ
⿪ԭնǿ鱾ڶ⿪ӡն޵֮ڴ
ôͻȻ
ΪնжҪȽû뵽;ͿʼжˣҶվľ˵ӣʱҪҪȥִУ֮£鷳ӣ˳úչǣ
ðɣֶȷ鷳ºܶ࣡ľվͱҶȣҲһͬ
Ҷ뿪֮ʣѾжɾˣСĽȻ뿪¥


969 ͵Ϯ
˾¥ҶڽֵһȦû˸֮󣬱ʩչͨһ뿪˴֮ǡ
֮ǴԼһƬƲ֮С
һˣƯ֮䣬ƶڵ󲿷Ӱ
磡
һӰӴ֮ǷԾʱǰҶȣӣ¶Цݡ
ӣն졣
նҶȸ첲Ҷȳ֮෴գطȥֵܣڽϣֲΪˣֶ죬һۣܽ
ĿǰһŪֶĵֶ̣۾Ǹʲôˣʱ㣬˴磬ҪɱںδնƲ֮зУҶȱΰɱĿꡣ
ն컺ҪӴ֮ǳ֮ǰұﻮһУΪףǵһλʺϵĴڣǵֵĴˣ֮ǣһΪμӴᣬαҪһȡϵ̵ڵڵĵλպɱ˴ˣҲ֪ҵĴڣ
ȥλҴʿǷԵ
ն˵꣬գһٷ
ಣ
ԼҶȾ͸ܵմԽգ֮䣬λӣһͷɢذÿһˣ󶼱һɵʮ£޷òȥϳ䡣

ֳն죬̹
˶ڡֻǿڻԲǿʵĪʦ֡յʦʵҲԺɨκһ
ǿҶֻһƲͿʵҪն죬ǿ٣濹⣬Ҷ֪Բһ˶֣ǵʵϹơħϡ̫Ϊࡣ
ʱҶȶԸħϣֽţö֮ϸȰħƾʵħ֡
ֶȵȳһڵĵ
ÿλҵĽֵܣǣһͬնɱ׵һͽ
߰ǿߣնҶȽܸˣҶҲһһʩҲϻ
Ҷն춼ó֣ƺΪҶΪ̫ͣɵ֮ϣɵߣҶȲһһĸҶȻһƽģЩ
ǿΪ磬նΪҲǿó۶ҶȱϹϾ
ӦҪһˣǰ·ɽ綯֣ǽն֣
һλߣնʵ
հɣնѡ
һλǿԼģգգܻʹˣȻǳۣҲҪܵӰ죬߰£ۣգ޷Ԧ
磬ˣҶ¶־ϲЦݣͻأУҶȻδʱϸȥӦնΪ仯
Ȼһ棬һնҲоͨ
նҶȣ¶м֮ɫ㵱ҵĶ֮ЩԴߣ书۲⣡
ҶȲΪնеˣնӸ߸ϵĵ˲ʧȥ˫ףֱƵòɽ磬ڳɾͳۣããۣǼһһؽҲΪۣҪŬ
ǲõģѡգģգλֵܣûӵõ߰ɣȥղһ
նصضһЦ˶ɻ֣ж룬Ҷһɵ۶ѣڳۣҲܱȵڳ۰ɣֲöʡ
ǻǵõһѶϢǲСҶȣǾնĶ֮Ҷȡ
ڶֶ֮õҶһɵۣȻӵжֻ֮˵Ĳ

֣Ȼһ㣬ɽʱվͳһ϶϶ޱ߿µա
̽С
ƬգǴŴգʮУһƬɽ֮Уֻ֣
У׵ƯţնʱնҲȻգǶ࿴һԲ࣬ҶȾȻҲȻǻҪףƮ
ðɣˣҵֵܸ©֮㣬ˣԸ߼λߣǶڵΪڣʮڣ˵ѹСնչգķ籩˸оС
նԸĶ֣öԷӵѵĿܣϾպܿ£ԽǽգԽֲɽ粻֮Уһӡռѣޱ޼ʵգһʯˡ
Ǽįģɳʯ籩ĨɱһλǿնԱߣ˸Ը׵ˣ۷壬ǲ£ĿǰԸףЩѣ
νɱͽ֤ҵĴڣնһ⣬ᶨĿ⣬óϷ

Ȼ䣬ɽɳһٷ
Ӧźţˣ
һλǿٷ
ã׼֣
նֱ˵ͷ˸ɢȥʧնҶȱȼػʧֱǳ۸еͨվôʧˡ
Сǧı£ҶնݷƯգȻͼһ⣬ƿɽ磬ڲɳʮλϢرʿһϢͬ嫾ɽһԵͬ
ֵܣ㿴ͷλߣףڵڴ֮󣬾Ϊߴˣ齨ĵڣˣǵ֣ԲΧʮҲڸ֣˵ڵǿߡֻϧﷴɣ
ֺ󣬷գҶȾͼԦСǧϢͽӽʮ˶飬ն첻ΪҶȽЩǿߡ
ûһɵۣǳۣҶȷ·ؽ硣
ҶȻС
磬ҪôҪô͸һش
ʱ˲ϵؿϢҶȺȻץһӡն죺һȭϴ磬ӦÿԳ䲻˴ˣ
ն𾪵ʵ
Ҷ̹ϵǰõõһȭеĹ󷨣ӡԿڣ
ٺ٣Ҿֵˣ
նЦͳҶȵͷҶ̴߶Сǧٿһ£ʹԽգֱֱسʮ𳬼۷еǰǧףȻ󵽰ףȻ󡪡
ߣ߼ˣ˵ЦʱͻȻǰգһȭӡյֱӺ֮ϡ
䲻⣬ʤ߷ƽ״̬εֿסԳն󷨹
¡
ֱӾͱȭӡǿǰòҽжշڶȥ
ٿٿ
ͣ
˵ʱʱ죬ͬʱ̣գֳӰᵶգɨʮˡ
д󲿷ˣ׷룬ͷ­߸ߵһѪӲƬն˼
ڸ֣նɱڣƵģ
ҶѾƬս󷽣ն˳ȥͷһһǿߣֳִһնһͬΪڵĸ֣̱ӣڼһ֮ڣˡ
ף߹Ҳн죡
նգǰǸ㣬ˣǱűʱҪߡ
߼ն죬͵һŵɫΪ԰ףܣϷ֪㻹ţû뵽ҹȻ֡


970 ɱ
Ϊβҳ֣
նһףһƻڲ·ɲǣܱصһһŭҸϣһͨ˶ѣ㾹ȻȺͽҵĸĸǵˣΪȺ棬µҲֹ
űһֹۺɱܿܣԸ˺ƣϷֻƲ־֮ʿɵδİλѣ
δɽ֮󣬰Ҳ̫ܿ˰ɣնһ̷Цһ
ΪҵܳΪɽʲôһţʲôɽ磬ܱȼ絶ָһǵõǿ˺Ϊ룿ǻͷǰϷƼٴγΪ
Ҹĸˣ
ֻǵɹ·ϣʬˣô꣬ٵĻ䣬һǻңοҪɽǿİ
ˣڹ棬ɱˣǿʶףһзߣ
ৡ
ն˵꣬Ȼ֮䣬һԵâ˫ۣƺһ񵶣Ҫ
ѵ
һݣг⣬һЦͷųѵѵҵһ񵶡Ԫ񵶡֮һѾõˣ
նɱҸĸ˶ˣõҵǿԪ𣿡
նٴ䳰ףǵζ޷뵽һͰѿԪ񵶷ֿΪ֣ǸĸһһɳƿһǵõŵһԶҲ޷õ
ԭһֱѰңϧһֱû䣬úãû뵽㾹Ȼ޴Լ
ʱϺȻ¶ڨڨЦݣҲһ¾һ֣ԭҪɱ㣬󻼣ֻҪµ߳Ҳû뵽Լʥšɣ
ݡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ȼշɳʮ𳬼۾ӰɽһɽٶƣӦڰ͵ٻǡ

ţһڵǿߣķΧɱǿߣڴն졣
мˣ
ն֣Ȼնɱǿߣɱǿߣն켴Χ˲Ӻڰ֮зնΧ룬ȡɵÿһζͬ
ЩڰΪеǳˣʶʱΪܣǰΣһ˭ԳΪ˭ǵĴڣ
ʮ֣ڵǿߣͳͳΪ𣬾ۼγ޶Ըƣ֣ײϧҪ˸£ȥ˵ˣΪãֻ䡣
ȷһϹ伫
նˣ޳·ҪߣͲҵٻң߹Ըһͳ򣬻Щڸ֣ϧˣˣҷȰǣǵԶΪã㵹£еĵȻҲҪ񷣡
ɱ
׺ԤףͻȻˣ´ﶯ

˿ֽ̣ŶʮΧ
ಡ
ͻȻն죬ڼʮڸɱʱվͻΪһԭ㣬ͷŶĿĹҫش֮УĿ֮£ʧ
أ
ʱ䣬һԵ˷ɱնʧգȻֹΪ˲˼ƾʧһֿĿɿڴ
ɶû뵽ֶΣһ治öԸ
׵һ֣âǰһȺˮˣնҲҲҪԤλϣʻƣϻţ߳ϣ׷ɱն죬׼
ǣ
󲿷ָ֣һɽĽȥһ֣Զɽշȥʮֶ֣ǷԸǼˣϻȥߴˣ˵Сնڴ֮ǣ֣
ЩҪһʵ
ʮΧ£ʼʲô
ңԶգ
û뵽ӳ
նȻֳ֮һ𺳣ҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼسնߡ
ֵܣΪߣַԽԽˣնȻǰҶӵдǧͼ
ҶȵͷС˼ֻҪڣ޷ֶߵģҵõʲôڣҲӣ
ô죿
ȥɣø֣ٴһ֣
ִʱնǰѸ˼ǳˣݱܷâѰ֧Ԯȵȡ
ֵܣ˵أնȻ䣬ͷһΪصҶȡ
Ҷȸصҡҡͷ֣ƺҲ֪ղҶʩչͨӳڣУѰҶȵͬȸ߶ȿҶЦ뵽һȥˣЩˣǿƣǸߣȻɷò뿪ڣðգɱһǹõʱҪǿ
ҵֵܣܻȥ˲飬ǸϺ꣬ΪǵǸֵܣοˣ
û⣡
ʱ֣޷մֳͨ
նҶȼҶȱһ֣һͰˣ˲Ծʽգ۾ͳ֮ǰսü뼸˸
ԭʮ֣һ룬һȥֻʣˣǶڵĸ֡
һϼ޻ףľͷʲôͼɽħȴ½һ޵еһһɵĴڡ
ˣھɽ磬˭ǣڳۣھɽѾǻʵۣʦ𣬺οڳۡ
Ȼ޽֮أֻһ֣Ϊڡڵӣھɽ磬ôҲһ޵еİ
һ
ִʱǰ׵ˣ񶼱âɡ
߶ߣҶЦ
նƺҶʲôٻҪԸǣƾУҪһ̫ѣʩչʣµĽֵܣ
ţ
ɻ˶Ƕ֣նΪţҶСȴܶԸ𳬼ۣ
ǣȻɻ󣬵նΨǴӡ
λȥǵĿˣ
֮У״֣԰շȥգҲûκǿϢֻϢԾš
ٶȼ죬ԾѾ֮С
ٿ
ڴʱۿ;һƬɽ磬ֻҪʮͿԴﵽʱͻȻճһµĵâΪΣͻأشս٣󵶣յس
Ͽ
û뵽ɱͻأ֮ǰžһΣôһΣ챻ݻ٣ͻȻ£޷ӱܣֻܷ
һ£ͬʱһɵâһ޴ɵǰɵײƵģ֮С
ţն֣Ӳͬ˸ǿγ󷨣һʱ˶֮С
˲Ϣһܿ侲ն죬㰡ǲײĲᣬˣ˶֡׼ɱ
ֵܣ
նҲ֪ˣ޷ѹס֣Ȼն쳯һտȥ


971 ֱɹ
ޡҪԵñģ
նٻ֮УһӰƶ
ޣȴѹնΪһƬ
ٿ
Ӱ֮еҶȣһ̤һͷޣ˷ܵҶȼͷСβͣԲԲɰС죬ƱһڹĶš
ֻСβһڣ˲ͳնϷǰ󷨣ſ죬һǳĺɫϢ˲ںϡ
ɫϢ֮ϣһɫݣڲһʣɫ룬Ӷ޵ͣԽԽ
Ȼڷա
֣󲿷Դͷţƿش֣ˣԶʧڲ˷һͬ룬Ǳһ԰ףżɵСС
õģֵܵĳôһʲôֻҪһһжֵã
նҲоԼԺˮƣϵʧڿƵ˷Ӽʧ
һĻնһʤȯգҶȣֵܣˣȻûʧԭ򣬻ΪҵĵģǷ֣ͳû˻ϣ
ڲҶһǵĴ㣬˵ʱͷٷԮأ磬ûҪǵͳͳΪඥ޳ˣҲ׳ˣҲҪ
৵һҶȾԱߣնͷնѷӡ񽻸֣Ҷߡ
򣡡
һӡҶ˫ʩչһ̣Ҫʩչ񷷨ޣ򣬼աȡڶʱ䣬նɱˡ
磬ˣ
ҲӦҶȵβһڣҶȿʼһͬҶֺȻն֮У֮һȻͨͨ޳Թ⡣
뵱ڳͷ֮磬޴ʯѱΪʱͷ֮ô𺳣޷񵱳ôԸڣҲ׾٣ֻҪһʱˡ
ʱƶҶȡ
ҶʩչϲŸոյӤޣٶȻ
ಣ
ЩͨҶ˲ӿն壬ն쳤ٿһͦţ硣
һ̣նᵽҶΪλӵСɣ̶̼ǧͳɳ˿ֲز
˵ͨһɵӣ¶ɴʿˣοҶš

ǿֻ֮һնоҪһ˺飬ҲҪ飬ǹҲҪѣڳһ򣬲ϵ͡
ž
ԼʮȻ֮䣬նˣһ̣ȻڣֱӽԲնƺʲô飬ҲûзӦ
ƺҶȴİ£ն֮С
ˡ
Ӱгʩչ󷨣նͻƣһȥʱ䣬ҶѸܵڲˣ˴룬㳯ǿߴǽУѹףѳΪǿ֮ĩ֣
Ҳ۵ùǺΪҲղ٣֣Ҫ̫࣬Ҷȴ˲׹Ʒɱ֮Уһͬ׳֣ӥץС
ಡ
Ųף˾һ󷨣ӡףȻնߣȴնѡ
ޣĶ㣡
Ҷվִ֮ƿŰ׻ŵھͷҶЩʣҪȫɾɲˡ
ն֣ѹסˣҶҲܣôװôõĻᣬʱʱУϧɵ۾磬Ϊص㣬ҶЩ
ء
øԻ޷·͵Ҷ仰СβҶȰһڣӾһЩ
ٿٿٿ
ڲˣѱɱУ˻꣬ں޸Ӧ֮ʱʧһɶȫΪɥ֮Ȯһ󷨡Դݿƣͳͳʧ
񡭡
һɿµƿƣչâһɢ
ҶȲһֻնУһ񵶡
һ
񵶣Ҷ˵İϤһμնʱʩչһһâɵĵβ࣬ѩɫ
İȻͨʵ·һʣһԪڵ壬һɶ೤ѩ׶ְԵͨôʵƽһķ污
ر𣬶ҵ棬ҲͨĵΣ类бȥ룬γһʮȽǵĵˣƾ͸ŷС
ԭǵʥԪ񵶣
նѩ񵶣Ҷǿ۽磬Ʒʮֲ˫¹꽣࣬һʮֿµ
Ϊɽһ֧ǿӵôһƷȫҶ⣬µĵǿʢʱڣɴ۴ˣҲеһƴ
ΪһԪ񵶣ն˫ذ棬һķӡϢںϣڲһģɡ
⵶ģνĵ꣬Ҳ飡
ӵһǧͼеʱ̣ܶ޷飬еƷַߣҲ޷飬ֻһŻᵮ
ʣԪ񵶾һ
ն·˿Ԫ񵶵طַ֮УҶȿԿһרпԪ񵶵ľ飬ն֮γɹͨ㡣
ɶ񡭡
ֿףͻȻʧأնһںϿԪ񵶣͵ҡͷ
עһ
ڣն˫ͫȻһâվԪڣתһɨףһм
磬ҲˣǵԮܹһ̾Ҫ٣㻹ȥδɵ£ðɣｻˣҶնͷ
ãֵܣǴڵ㣬ǵôϳǸӣߣøɽ磬Ҳǵ
նһЦҶսӵȻһ֣ѹ׳֮ɽ緽ȥ
ޣˣ
ҶԱߣ·Ѿ鲻ǿߣڴ֮У˷ֱŷзǵķǾƷʮƷ˻ʹôԵķ
üһЩھͷǵĸ֣϶бͳͳҵģ
һڲͬҶһ֣Ԫͷ֮䣬ָĴ䣬ԼڵķͳͳҶ˲ߡ
һʣ

ڸ֣޷޵ĿʧȥʱֱӵӿܿһգذѪ⣬һ˿һߣ¶׹ǣڻ޳Ե
ҽм£ڸ־ͳΪʵĹǼܡ
أ
죬Сβһڣ֪ػصҶȼͷ·Ҫ˯һֱͺӤû˾ͽУ˾˯
ৣ
ҶȿɲŵԮɱ̴߶Сǧûղˡ


972 ַ
֮ǣ
Ưɳǣʱʱ̶̿һɣھٰ콻գطȻǻݱĽиֽס
Ȼڴ֮ǵգһâ·֮ǵķֻǵâҪڴ֮ʱϢҪԵâ֡
֪
¡һâڴ֮Ͽձըͬڴ֮Ƕɢֽסռһͣ˷ϴ֮գ뿴ɽ罻֮ϣ˭Ū˴󶯾
һֳĹϢش֮ǵľͷκƻɽ罻ᣬ칬ִҲܡ
ȻĿ£һʬƮţһɵİԵ
ֻеĵߣп˰Եĵ
ʬĴ磬Ҳǵʿ
ôһ£
ֻ۶ڵʿڵһʱ䣬֮գʬ£Щʿвٶǳۡ
һʱ䣬ۡŲڶ
ǿʬϻмѪ֡ϧйͥڣ
вǿߣͷ⣬ʬ󱳼ʲô
ǿڵˣǿȻ֮һ˺òӿֿһͨһȺŴ󵶣ɽǿߣǴ֮ǽȥ;вٹ
һͬɳ磬ռԭ
ˣֻڴ֮ڲֽ֣ס𣬸̴ִΧֵˣԽԽ࣬Ưһˡ
£Ȼͬ죡
һӰ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳڴ֮ǽڲƯ˺֮⣬һͨҶȡ
ʬ壬ǵǿʬ壬ն쵱żɽնɱףֻµĶ浶ڵʲôŲþиִŴ
ҶȾһᣬɳ֮Уɽ罻Ὺʼ֮ǰɾľ쳻Ҫȥ
ɽᣬƺûᣬ˭ϵľ쳻չɽ
ûж񵤣
Ҷ߹һ֣·һΪ̻ύʱһ뼸ϢҶȺȻͣ²
ǡӳͷ֮ӳǿߣ
ҶתǼˣһʱ䣬ʹϸоԼµϢϢҶ˲֪ݣǾǵڳͷ֮ķߡ
뵱ҶôӵĵҩԼȡֵФϴָͷ֮󲿷ַߣֻҪЩ߷ãھӵҶµϢԶ⼸ˣҶһ¾Ϳݡ
ǳۣҲ˵Ҷµ˹߾Ҳ޷֮еϢ
ҶºܣΪպ󷽱ϵΪʱܿǣ׼ֶΡ
Ȼô˳ֻҪǳҶȸҶȾظӦҲ޼¡
񵤣˵ʥҩЩӳķߣȻûʱ䣬޷ָ۷ʱڵģһϣ꣬ʱ̤볬ۣϵǣٻǣ
ҶڰǼˣòİڳͷ֮ûһᣬҶȱѡ뿪ûȥǣʱ졣
ŵıǼȻУ˼ЩҶҪˣڼ۸񣬼⣬Σ
ҶȴһƬɳأҪɾʱȻһһϤֵһȺò˵̷֮䴫
Ҷ˲ıòԱһ̷ǰװѡһƲ϶ʱһĨЦݣаӣ㣬û뵽û˳֮УѰˣ
ѵҶ˺棬ԭ뼸̷׵ˣһֱѰҵаӣ˵ڹĶϻ³ֶֹ콻գҲֹһֱӰȥ٣û뵽ˡ
ʥҪзУûԶԭأ޷ֻзʺ
֮ѰаӣӼаӵһۣҶȾ뵽ʥģҪΪаӣӶõаŴС
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ɽ磬𼣣ŷǱϹͥҪƾõĴϧڷŵԶԶ±ʧʷ֮УһַŷǵԴ
½ĴаӶ˶
ȥаѰʲôһϼ޻ҩɾʦ㡢鹫ǵȴڣһһҴͻƳۣһкܴ
Ҷ̻ûıΪһͨصӣһȺ̷󷽣ֵȥ
Լʮ֣һȺ˴аӽһҾ¥һͷܿ͹ʲô
ҶȸٶͷһԪƿӡаڽʲô
Щʧȥԣͨͨϣһ𾭣һڸλаɣ
ûΪһ˵аӣͷһ̷ʱʮ̷һӸָš
һλ̷Ȼаӣ˵һַ𾭣
ԣûһ֣вٵķģһַ𾭣ǰòƬ֣а̾Ϳ̷
£˵ˣһַ𾭣𾭣뼸ֵܣʮ꣬ɽķģΪľһɽᣬһüλҪһƷʯ
ã
ã˵ǣһһ٣
ȴȻȥУкܶղءŶһĪһҲϣ
а˵һ˷ܡ
λ̷صͷֵʵֵһһ˭ļ۸ߣȻȥһֱδ֣ʱ򣡡
ãղײգҵԵ¾λͬʱλʲôﶼóйطŵıλԺֵķãҲȫˣаӴ󷽵ػӻ˵
ѷٷλֵܸϹǾͲˣ̷̷գգۣһʱ䣬СһϷֻһȺӷ̡
һӺþƺòˡ
⣬Ҷգ˫һַ𾭣аӣһ˼ڷ֮Уһ𳬼ۣαװ˳֮Уַ𾭴ͷ
̷ΪռаӴˣ˶ڣ֪аӴʴȷ𷨣ȴɱĶаӴ򽻵һ²ܻ뿪֮ˣ
һֱյȴţҶʱʱ̿עΧһһ
Լһ̷ʹż̷¥̴ֱŽա
ֵܣ𣿡
һ̷ǰһӺ䣬ȻȲΧŸλ̷ʵ
һֽǮһֽ
̷Ǳκ˶´Сġ

аƻڴ£֮䣬һſƷʯɳһƬӡʯƯС
£һʯ̷Ƕֱ˫ۣϾƷʯһô࣬Ҳδʶ
аҲΪϵŲæ£λ̷ȭǺǣҶˣóʯһ鶼δôܰȫʯó


973 аӵֶ
ڷаһȺ̷ʾ֭ʱ¥һλˣÿ綨ƤŮһϸۣʱǰһΪһŮӡ
ܾС¥ʱ֮䣬νǴʧе¥֮С
ģüʱǰᵽаӣõΪַ𾭵ı
УŰٿȻ֮䣬Ҷǰʥġ
ҲĪȻһͬμɽᣬֻû뵽ɱӴ֮ǿʼ
аӣʥļҶȣǺʩҶԪ񶴿ͨ򷿼䡣
Ȼһ۾ͱαװ̷аĿ⡣
ͬΪԪټķߣʥ̺ķ𷨣˲͸ܵаڵķڣҲаӿ۾ȴҲ޷ͬ𷨵Ŀӡ
ԼʮʥĲŻ˵˵ȷǷ𷨾ʮַҲ޵÷Ŵ˵еĽһýΪ

һ˵еĴڣҶȻһ֪⣬Ҳ֪ŵĴڡ
ʥĽ͵ǷţʵҲʿֻǷģſΪѣŽ𵤻ŷ𷨡ľҽѣ޳һ죬Ľ֮ﵽһֽѳĴ֮һгɹ
ѣ籾һȾףһ޴ޱߵĿຣǷҪ޳ѣԼѴ磬ľȿѣ
Ҳ֪ջҳѣԶֻؽ֮УǿຣΪˣзŵĴڣаֻһ޷ߣ޷ţҲ޷ķ𷨣
ұ֣ѹаӣҺʶŵҲϣŴڣıթ編ۣ
ʥĶԷ𷨶⣬Ҷ޷ͬܵģֻ磬̫ʵһǿʳ磬Ҫ棬ûǿֻб˳ԵԼǿ󣬾ͿԳԵˡ
С㣬СϺס
ҶȻǵаӵڵᵽļ磬Ҫ켫磬ҶϣֲڣһԽܸлʵá
Ȼ˼ҶóʯҿλֵҲҪҴţеķ𾭣Ǳ˭ܼļֵ
ԣԣ
ʱҲǼš
ʱҶʥסעһж
аҪƷʯջȥ̷ƺڷаӣΧ˶Ȱ˵
ҶˣҪ𾭣ҲУٺ٣ǲҵϣǻϣ׬һʣܣ˭Ը⻨İƷʯȥ飿ţ𣿷ҲĴڹ
аӲ˾ڳһνƣɫƺѻ˵ˣ׼ջʯ
һȡ
Ǹ̷֮ǰǸ̷ڰͲס˵¿Ҳ׬ò٣ϣټһƷʯ
Ʒʯ
аû˵ΧЩ̷һ°ͶƷʯȥκδ̻ᣬһб֤
ħЩһ̻ᣬƷʯһ֣Թб֤
ȥ𾭣ĸɵԸ⣿
λġ
аͻȻվһץͰƷʯץģȻĿһ䣺Ȼˣ֮ǰЭ鶼ϣжķ䣬ԼŮˣԼˣ
ãİ򣬳ɽ
ۿаŭȥ̷ʱ棬𾭣ʹͷų·
аӲ˺ɫŭ⻹
һ̷æа£ֹôˣ¹Ȼг⣬ȻҶˣⱾΪ׬Ǯ׬˵ģ׬ҵģΪ׬Ǯ
ৣ
аȻܲʹ죬һ֣֮ǰһƷʯӡƵģϡﻩƯϡ
İƷʯ
˵̷Ѫ̣Χĸ̷ǼĽޣۣۡ
£𾭣飡
˾ˣûݣһʯһ˱𾭣صݸаӡ
Ȼַ𾭡
ϵľ飬ûвҫ۵Ľ⣬ҲȥйڣΪƵĹѣаӷ֮ͫһٵؽ⣬Ȼַ˷Ϸ𾭡
ʯҲһŲ
ͬʱλ̷Ҳʯ˫ͬʱͷаӰѷ̷ָҲֱպƷʯ
þƺòˣŮͳͳ
ɣ̷󷽵ߺһСӿһ֦չŮһһʼҡ
ģоʲôͬ
գҶʥĺ©֤ⳡףʥʵ
ʥĵַ𾭣ȷǷ֮ղаӲʱڷԶܣ֮ͫУѹƣһͷŶ
ãһᶯ֣Ҷȿʼӥһһж
λǡ֮ǰҲõһϵķ𾭣Ѿƽеķģ֪λǷȤ¶һ
˺ȵɺ飬ңֳٻ
аӺȻ¾ƱһɨˣЩ̷붼û룬ͷܼʶŷ𷨣ȻǧѷĻᡣ
˿̣аӵ֮ϣһЦݡ
һ¡
аջһ飬һģƯķģΧ̷һ۾аǺȻһЦض
ɫǿգռɫɫչʣջ࣬ܿչʣ࣬չʣ֪࣬пչʣ࣬ʶչʣ޾࡭
һѿڶЩ̷Ů鲻Խ¾Ʊѧõĺӣ
ãøаӣȻڷ֮УͲֻ֮Ҫں޷ȥͻر꣬ơ
⣬ʥͷһסԼҶȵԪ
ֲøоԪ쳣ƽ벻ѩҲԱңں޷£аӵĵɵ۾磬ɽ磬ȻֶΣ
ҶȲòаӵڲףΪεڵ鹫ӶаҩɾʶξҲΪСаӣ˹ȻӵвֶΡ
ɱϢ֮䣬ɱҪ̫̫࣬ࡣ
ֻаӹͣƬ̣һ䣬⣬ʵҲ̺˴ͨʶ
ɫգǿɫɫǿգռɫ𣬲ǿշǹȥδڡ
һһĴаӿƮصڷڣʱеŮӡ̷˫۴ͣɵɵľͷŶ

а¶ЦݣòҲ̷ΪĹͷԼʮͷģ
δޣ޼ǣǷǣǷǷǣҷȱƣǴǣΪޣңȥֻڡ
һ仰˶˫ۣȻ伸һԴһᣬһһſ棬ǵڵ˯ˡ
аЩ̷ɵ۸߽ףɵʮ״ԲҲУȻаʩչ֮£һôȻرƷ
ÿµһֲ֣аӴˣɽ꣬ɵ۾磬ݺᡢʶٵĴ
ҶرҲʶŵ


974 
аӹȻɽ֮еĴ
ʥķ·붨Ƶģעŷ䣬˫ֻͫƽоаӽʱׯϻ档
ó֡
Ҷ˵аӷ𷨵жྫ
Ҫǣھ¥аӡ
аʲôˣҶѾڵҩɾȼ磬鹫ӶʶɵΪɽ˷ǿߡ
аʱʱаӲɵʮ״Բ⼸ǧ̤꣬볬ۣɾһľͷ
Ըǿߣ׿ԽΪҪ˲ƷҶȸоѣѡ
ͻɵĽ׵ҶȣҲֻնɱͨڵĳۣԸԲͲˣаڳڣǴֶ̫ˣ˭֤ʵǳڻԲֻǽӽڡ
ҶǴݾߣаӣҪֻᣬֱΡ
һ㣬Ǵ֮ǡ
һаӽ֣ģ˿һͿɱʱҶȾͲˣϢһ֮ڣҪаѹ
ûаգ˿ֻаӰװ״Ƥӵߡ
ô죿
Ҷһ⣬Ҫ֮ǣҶȾͿԸͨоģаնɱ
ϧǴ֮ǣһնɱһɱаӣôԺлؼ˻Ǹ쳣աƻ֮ͽ
ʱ˿̣Ҷһѣȴ˼ľء
ȻҶȵüͷչ뵽ʲôͬڰаӣǺǣңҲ㵹ùҴδùһУԸˡаӣֵ
ͬĻͬˣҪвͬԸǿеİ취ɣҶȺܿ뵽ڴ֮ǣԸаӵİ취
Сǧ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷȣʥ˵ЩʲôȻ߶СǧСǧ֮ӿ뷿ſڣذƬռı䣬ֱںϣΧȡûκβ֮ͬ
ڣ
ˣƣҾǵʦүʦүǰŪ
аģаһЦ˫һ֣һɹɷ⣬ӿÿԺ֮УȻ˫ִһӡЩ˯ŵ̷һƽʬľվۣһʶҲûС
ҵĶòߣ
ţЩ̷Ĵ䣬ڵռ䣬баʩչ۵̼ѹһա
аӳ֣ǵˮ©Ȼ߶ӡЩ̷ƿܡȫƣȻһſڣţ߳䣬а󣬵뿪һ߳һʱվȻΪУƾſһУΪԭ㡣
ಡ
ƾʧȥ
ֻһʮƾʧŴ󿪣ɼһӻ˯ţûע⵽һС
ţ
аʮľ̷ûڵһʱ䷴ӦʱаӲŸоռڱ仯ϧͷͨҪԽƬռͨʱ˾͸޷
գ۶ѣһ۵Թԣ̵̫аۡ
ţ𺳵طԼֱۡŲһϤİѹţָоӷɽ磬ѹ޷ࡣ
ֻ۵磬аӻ΢ضһ£ϧҲ޷ӣ޷̬
ԡޱߵ磬ܼʥԡѵұһ֮У
аӲϽֻǼδϰߴԣͷԼݾٴ⣬ͼޱ޼ʵ磬ʲôûУеֻԡ
ôֳԵռ䣿Ũȵԣԣǿʢٱֹ
棡
һ̣а˲Ƿˣˣ᳢ᷴԣѰκζûУΪһǿߣѾ֪޷ģΪ֮˰ڲ
äĿؿķʵ˭λˣɣû뵽޷״̬£װ磡
аӣ𷨲ûаޣôͿ࣡
Ӱ˳ԦҶʥġ

аü৵תҶȣͻȻһ𣺡Сӣ㣬Ȼ㣡ڵ򣬾ֶӰ·ɱǼҼǵˣֶ۵״ӣҶȣ
Ҷȸֶھ䣬а󣬶Ҫ¸׳ƳȻܺãаӣʦҩɾס鹫ӣΣҲΪΪ𾭶㿴λкβͬ
Ŷ޷ߣ
а΢΢ףһʥϣȻϿʥݡ
ǰʥģԷ磬ҵʦţڷ紴һйصɣԵһŲȱּǣΪľʥĶаӣûһɱǿʢģĽҡ
ľľȥŷʱµּǣܺãķĺֻܼ̣Ϊ̫СϢҲûУ
аӷ·𼸸ʱ䣬ʥĿȻ붨һ㣬ҶȣҶСʩҪɱ𣿡
д֮УҶȵػصа⣬Ǽķ̣ɱô˵ʱѵ仰ɣ
аһ̾Ϣʩǹϣðɣһ쳾ߵתֹǿʳҲֻϵʳѣ
ɱɱ㣬Ҫģ
ʱҶһԱߣʥ߳
ǰһģ
ʥаǰһСɳ֣ɬʩСұ˵ޱߣնǰ𷨾ܲն
һʥľʳΪʵ⡣
Ȼʳ⣬ô֮䣬ûǰȵȵţҾǿգޣ࣬Σն񣿡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȵһˣʥаӣɮ붨Ư֮£һͬȵĿģڽ
Ź𣿡аͻȻһֵʵ
ţʥĿ϶ػش
ˣ㲢ŷ𷨣ڲԼŷ𷨣ͻҵԼҪȥѰҵķʽڹͬຣ֮Уڷ磬ҲĲпᣬʵϵķνļ磬Ƿسɷ𣬵ɼ磬˭ܷ
ÿУһ
ܺã㿴ǵÿ˶Ҳɱ˵ģΪţÿ˶ħϡԣҴӲŷ𷨵Ĵڣе֤ʽٽɱɱû׺쳾֮УΪͷɱ䣬ϣƽ֮Ŀ𷨵ʲô
Žɱ㱳˷𷨳ԣʥĲɵþ
аĿ·ȼƵңŷ𷨣ʲô磿ຣÿ˶̰գɱùƨȥǽǾͻɱ㣡
ֻҪǷеħϣждȱǶȻ
Щľ飬ʲôãʵʵȥץˣӵȥ˵ƣ㿴᲻سɷ𣡡

ʥĺȻаôһʣѡԶĬΪӷ絽ɽ磬ĶթɱԽ̫࣬а⣬ֱҪ


975 ۳ƹ
ΪΪǿߣȥȻˣҿԸ㣬ڰΣʵܲпᣡ
ʥĺܾöδйشаȴɫЦҿʵҲŷ𷨣ҪƵеĽɣֻ֤ﵽǿߵز÷ȥն񣡡
ԣķʽѰҷУħƫ뵱з𷨣ѡʱҵᶯҡҲķҪһһͬ׷ǲĿն
ڣʥ̧ͷȻãֻǱаӵЪ˹ʥȻ쳣侲
ʥ˵һжãģԼΨһơ
ʥаӵĲ֮ͬʥ֮УȻĺߣаƫѡ
ԽԽƫִԽԽʧȥңڷ𷨣ȴΪˣ˽̰ɱ¾
ַ𾭸ңɱ㣡
ʥĺȻվƫݵӣаӣʹơ
ɱңǺǣҪαװƵַֻŶѣ澿ʲôҲ֪ȥɣаӵѵذ˳ȥ
ಣ
һָȻаӵıĴ
аӣǸţĵѡ񣬶Ҳ뿴ʧķǲĴڣϣҲҳ𰸣ôһ˲ţǲնɱԪֲӡǣģҲӡ㣬ֻҪ㲻Ҫҵܣȥѣ
ָٿٿа壬ҶȾǿߣһʧԱߣʥıȼվ
аӻվƺ뿴ҶȾʲôֽţϧ޷Сӣ治ɱңң˵ҿɲ󷢴ȱɱ㣡
ɱ¾֤ԼһķȻ㣡ʥĿƽ˵ȴɣͿҶȡ
Ҷ̴߶һ˲˾ߡ
ǣ
֪ʲôʱ֯ĽֵӰһͷ󺺣˵һ䣬ʧС
ʣˣҶʥģԶȥرӰҶȵȻؿʥģʵΪβѡ
ᣬӵа𳬼۵ı
磬ƭˣˣɱˡ·һԶҲ޷߳ȥֻ֮С
ʥҡҡͷ¶аӣȻͬķϢѾӵԼзʽҶᣬҲ޷ںϣҲƫţ߳ɽ绹вٵķߣҲϣÿˣͨԼķʽȥҳĴ壡
ֻⷽܿԼȥѰңԭͨаӣںмʮʱ䣬Զȥռʣǻȥɣ
˿ʼ˳УۣҲΧƷ
֣һӪҵ̻ᣬģ󣬶̻Ϊ󡱣ʱ½
Ҷʥĸſڣɾ˳ӫӡȸ̻æµţʮɽ̻ᡣ
̻ڲֻһ㣬ȴֿһ󷨸ʮֵؿǧˡ
ҶҴк֮󣬱ֱӽ̻󷨡
ڽ֮УֻжľһˣҶӫӡɾ룬ڲֻ˴ڡ
ľ쳼Ҷȣ룬ֻһ֮УƯŰд붼ģСʧȥԣЩڴ̻УʲôֻǱɱһЩѡ
ǲ١
ľ쳲綢ŷӡеʯһЩصʯͷһЩһЩƬʮһָЩԣǿЩֵʮֹ
ʮһֵָ϶ʮ
ſѣʮʱ䣬϶ռİٱֹ㿴ЩָҪ೤ʱ䣿
˶ɾӫļʶôֻжľҶûжٱ仯ľҶһԣʵ
ҶоˣʮӣҲҪܶôӷģ깦ͿԻָԣҵʦΪµǷԦ⣡
ľ쳵ȵľ仰֮ǰС˵ֶ죬ʮƽŴ޿ʼʱ󣬺úüⷽ棬ɽָĲˣֻ
ҶȺȻŶľ쳣Ҹоô˿ˣ
㻹Ըѽװ׸׬Ǯ᣿ľ쳿ɲӫӡȸô׿˵ֱ̡
ðɣ
Ҷʼ磬ĸоľ쳾ͶһЩҪ£Ȼӫӳȥտ飬ɾҲ뿪ˡ
ڽռ䣬ֻʣҶȣһٶ
ҶȿǾˣ֮ǰξǧƷʯѰұ¿Զб˽ңǰЩֻҪһһָԣȻмҲ㱦ȥξĳˡ
ǹ۲һȻ߶䣬ͷһƬԣڰ֮ϣЩʧȥԣɺĺԾˮԴԶʼԣҲҶȥʲô󷨡
Լȥ죬ﶼѻָԣʣ¼ҪһЩʱ䣬Ȼľж٣ҶȾﲻѣʮɽռǧ
ҶȽп಻ɿˣؼǣľЩ϶Ҳ˵ָǧ赹ԣһҲ޷¡
װ׸˸ɻһôֲֿ£˭ԸɣҶȻԼӣһʱȻָԼռָľ쳵
ҶС磡
˽ʮ꣬Ȼһ⴫
ӫӣһϤϢ
Ҷָֹͣԣ֪ӫˣߣȻһˣϢҶȻӴ

ӫֳһλҲһ룬ӣҶǰһǱˣǵ̻ʱƿͻظӫӵӡ
⻹ҶȵһλصһĻϼ΢ۣһͷȻں󱳣ӫӽܣ󷽵Ҷʩ񣺡Ҷ֣йһ֮Եֻǵû뵽Ҷ֣Ȼֶǰĵӣ
ֶǰ
һƺҶ𾪲ѣɽ磬ʶ֮ˣǰ֣ǰ𾴣Ҳ˵ǰӣֶ۱ˡ
εʸֶۡ
ǣҶ
ԭݶûܣ
һΪ⣬࿴˼ӫӣȻ֣µĽܣŵӣ۳ƣ
ţ
Ȼ֮䣬һϤİɣҶԺΪϤΪڹżϿδȥ˽⡣
ȡҶС磬޽֮أһɣŽʮ꣬˶֪Ĵڣ
ӫӼʶ࣬ƳҶüң֪ҶѰų
޽֮أ
ʱ䣬ҶȵģЩɤ۱ĳŵ۳ƣֲãԭ޽֮ؽɣܾЩϤ۳Ƶ֣Ǻôĳ޽֮ؽɣͬ
˵˵ͷ۳ƹӣҶǰԵʮֿԼӫһԵԭ


976 ϵ
۳Ƶ֣δȥ޽֮أȴ֪޽֮㣬ţôſ϶ǷǳĴڣ˵ںܾǰһλΪ˹Ĵܣ޽֮صһ
ʱҶĿɨӫ۳ƹӣͷӦùϵǳһ㣬ҶǰλͻȻٵ۳ƹӣҶȾ޷ԷΪ
Ҳ˵ǰ۳ƹӣڳۣһڵǿߣһΪֶΡ
һ֣
˹λȷʵ˴棬ڹȥ޽֮أȷǵһλ޽֮صһ۹ĴڣϧǸʱ޽֮޷ȶܿǸʱȻ֮У
۳ƹĶŵ˵ƳһӫӣҶǰһҶ֣鷳ľ㣬ڽ󷨼㣬һҪ鷳ֵܣ
۳ֻ̫ҪܰæǣĽҶҲ̬۳ƹһ
۳ƹӣһ꣬ʮһϵҶ޽֮ߣǶһ޴
۳ƹӴʱøȻҶˬ죬ֵҲǰӣֵһǿн֣Ĵԣݶ˵ֵ˾ϣֵָܰһЩԣ
ŶСһ׮
˲ԥҶȱӦˡ
ˬ죬ֵܹȻˬ죬ʲôʱУԼʱ䣬ֵæ꣬ٵã۳ƹӾϲֺЦ
ڣ̣ҶȲʩ
ʹ죬ֵǸʹˣӣ
۳ƹӴ⣬ʵû뵽ָôһ£ҶȲڣʹ죬ǣӫӵ֣Ҷ롣
Ҷȿƺ֮һʮ鷳ӡʾ۳ƹó
۳ƹһӣ֣ץסһԼһߡһȴַط۳ƹһˣ񽣱һƣǰˣâһ
Ҵӷ֮Уͷһɵ໥ںϵơ
ưŷֳҶȾرѣһԡ۳֣ĪŸոմ
ҶּʶȻ㲩
۳ƹԵ޵ΪâһʮƷҳһֱںֱںҲſʼںϣ㻨ʮ꣬ڰ
â
ҶǼʶĳһܣ޵Уɽ磬ҲʮֳһʮƷ
ҶС磬âǺܾǰڰٴϣǳǰһЩѵõâԽκɽ磬һʮƷںϣκҪǿ󣡡
ӫǹĴâΪҶȽ붥ʺµǿУ
۳ƹʼǣӫӣӫӻ֮У϶ģ۳ƹҲֳȻϵɫݶ˵ĺܶԣҶҲ֪Ž磬ɽ֮޷ģԺܶˣУǰһͨУΪͿԴ磬һΪ̤֮󣬱ֳԽͨ
Ŷ
һţֲ۳ƹӺȻıɫܣÿ˶֪Ҷӫӹϵִ󷽰۳ƹӽ鷳۳ƹӿ϶ҪܣҶȡ
Ǵܣ޷Щʿ˵ΪҪܡ
ȻеˣںһǿѡУɽܶܣѡΪ;޷ɹΪȥѡҪ֪ҪһΪʮֵѣɽ磬ܰɹΪĴ˵Ҳûж٣
۳ƹ˵˫ü֮䣬Ȼ¶ɺ
뵱ˣѾҪѴǧͼΪϧҲʧܣԼˡ
ԭˡ
Ҷͷû뵽ܴ۳ƹӿУ֪ҪϢ뷨Ȼʵ۳֣âȻĴ󲿷ԣ۳ֽ֮ˣһֲ
۳ƹӵһЦȻζؿǺǣҶֽ޽֮ߣ϶Ҳˣֵܸ͸񣬴鹫ڶֵ֮УΨһһλδﵽڵΪʥһΪѴﵽ۷壬ʹõʮֲֿʮغϣû뵽âĥ֮ԣ
鹫ӵֵܣʥ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȸоһëһ鹫ӣǰλ۳ƹӾȻ鹫Ӵ򽻵ľ
Ҷļǵãڵаҩɾֶ鹫Ӷ֣鹫˲ǿߣҪһ㣬鹫Ҳֻһѡ
һͿնɱ߽׽ӽ۵ɵۣô鹫ӱǶôǿ
Ҷ˼۳ƹƺڰοҶȣҶΪŻ̶̼ǧ꣬Ϊֶǰĵӣٹǧ꣬Ҷһۣܽվ޽֮أЩվ۷ţһϸµģ
ˣ۳֣ϴۣҲ޽֮أ
Ҷ۳ƹһ⣬ûп԰ԼʵһЦȻ뵽ʲôȻʵ
ִǰȻ޽֮أǧǰȥţִͣһΪصҵĳҵĻҶܰ£и㻹֪Լжôˣδִǰжôͨ󣡡
ҺøԶˣȰѷָԣ
Ҷҡҡͷоʵ̫֪̫࣬ľ޷
ৣ
ո˵꣬۳ƹӫӻδü۾ֵؿҶһɹɵԣذŴâ
ˣ
â
ӡ
ԭǴâܵԣȻصֿ۳ƹ̴һӡâһ˲ʧȻڲ󷨣ʼԡ
ֻԣϸϸ˿ӿâľʱ䲻ʧâ̰
û뵽ɽ磬ҶţҶ֣سɳ޽֮ش̨ǿߣȴĳ֣
۳ƹ˵Ҷȵԣ޾Ƴ棬һɵۣȻӵǿ߲еֶͨΡ
鲻Խ˵仰󣬱Ҷȸܵǿ仰Ӿɽš
ȥâͷŵƣ˲԰ڳնɱ۳ƹּԭǸϻţ볤Ϊһָ˭뵽ھɽ磬ɣһȥЩǰһҶ֣עһɽľʲôͥ塢а̡ħţԶԶֵܣ
ֻôһֶζѣҶûͷȣ侲
ˡ
ʱɿţܹʱôȥâȻɺɣ˲ñʷһֱ۳ƹһģ̼۳ƹӺ϶Ϊһ
˲䣬Ҷڸܵ۳ƹӵǿƣƣԿκǿߣʲôħϡ̫桢ϹơЩڳۣǿ
һ֡


977 ķ
۳ƹӾǿ󣬶ΪһֱţֵʥҲͬǿ󣿻鹫ӣԼǿߣǿزڵǿߣ
۳ƹӴʱâںϣͷųƣҶȣȻûдﵽ߾ɾֲֿزҲǳԽħϡϹǿߣΪһֱš
˵۳ƹӵڵʵ
һʿӵڸ֣
ʲô
ɽʮꡢʮꡢߡǰҲɵ۸߽סڳ۵ˮ׼Ҳ޷ǰħϡϹơ̫桢סյ¡ɵۡĪԿЩʿܴﵽ۷ΪѾ֮١
ֶٵУŻһĪԿ
µĪԿͬʱĵӣܻڣѾܣ˵ĪԿһΪǿߡ
ĪԿħЩһġ
۳ƹӾȻĪԿɵۡյ»Ҫ᲻٣Ȼʹﵽ۷壬֤۳ƹӵĲŻԽǣ״̬۷ǿ硣
ʲôݡ޶ħᮡϫӡΡȵҶͬһʱڵţ۳ƹӲ̫ࡣ
ҺãһˣӵкܶʱŬȥﵽ۳ƹﵽĸ߶ȡ
ֲʮɽʵӫ߾һ۳ƹ֧֣˭ҵǣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲʮΪɽ罨ɽ磬̻ᣬԼɽ㣬ǶŮӣǳԽӣǿһ棬Ҫǣ߻޷ǿ
һ۳ƹӣѾķ
һǿûȹ̻ʵҲ޷ɽݺȥ鹫ӣĶӣһҪύֵܡѣ齨ΪȦӣٿЦɽ磡
֪֮䣬ǰ·ҶȺȻˣ̫λ桢ڵʥֶ졢ʮӣ֤һʵǾǳɹˣҪ˸ſ
һȺɽֻһͷ򳤵׳ӵмӲǣôȱǳԵģ϶ͷȻȺ
Ⱥÿһֻ򣬶׳ôײеǣҲֻԶԶȺȴ
Ȼͨ۳ƹӡʮӡֶȵȰǰʵҶףҪΪɭ֮ïʢĴҲҪɭ֣Ϊ׳ɭֵ֣ܵ˻ƻ
ңӵСǧӵо䣬ӵÿһԱߵˣߵѣȥȫǣҲӦȥػǣҪȥǿԼߵˣγһ޷壬ÿһ˶ܶһ棬칬кξ壿
뵽ҶȾ͸оһˡ
Ǭ伫ߵˣֶ죬ҪܵǹҶȵǿߵˣӳǿе
ʲô¶ǿУ̫λ桢ʥеֵܡˣͲ硣
ǶȣˡֵܡһǿߣŶһʵع̣˭׵ȥҶȣԸҶȣˣǿ
Ҷ֣ǰֵܴæ
âʧ۳ƹУ˾ͱӢˬ
ҶȻҡҡͷǺǣ֮ͣ˵ʿ磬ܶЩѣҲ֮·һĥջ񣡡
ֵܣҾͲˣʲô£֪ͨһǣҵȥ޽֮أʱֵܣ
۳ƹϵضҶȼлó޷ȵҶУҶϸϸʱ۳ƹӱӫ뿪ڽռ䡣
ʹҶ۳ƹŷͬѰϵ޽֮أɽ磬Ī
ɽ罻ᣬ磬۳ƹӽύϵϵõΪֶ콨ͣˣ
Ҷպϸϸ˼һʼָ
ʮȥɾټҶһһָһֽϲָһľ쳣ЩôɳģֵɳȻá
Щ۸ֵֻͣһЩص㣬ҶһһָԣЩֱʮֵҶ˵Ȼ׬׬
ʱ䲻ƣʮ꣬Ҷȳ̻֮УռǧһһָԣԼõһ룬һָľ쳣ȻɾĪȻ桢ˣҶѡϺõָ֮һȻȲ˫¹꽣Ҳ
ʱڣҶָһ㣬ɽ罻ӣֻʮ깦òݱľɾعֶӪҪæµΰֶڴϣٴ˷
Ҷʦܣ
Ҷȸոշɽۣ빬ȺУƵֶӣҶȣһʩӭ
ֱ󲿷ֵӶѶҶȼ棬Ҷһһ֮󣬱֮С
ξĪԿ񡢻ԼʮǿߴƺҪ£ֱҶȵһʩӭ
ʦ㣬λʦ֣
Ҷȳһһʩ
ξͷ䲻ȵĵʱ򣬾ͲϫʦãҪһϾǱ޴ᣬѾѡʮλӣΪϫʦãλֵӣλʮŵ֮ѡγţΪβʮӣ
ŶҶȵΪ⣬û뵽״ӡֵӶҪ֮С
һλ߽ŵα޲ͬ֡״ӣҲһնѣӱ죬˾Ͳòμӣ
ԭˣ
ڲף״ӡֵΪֻǷӷ׷ʧܣˣΪֶӵĺ󱸡
ξҶȣα޴ᣬͬ죬ΪͥһЩŵӣҪ֮УδάҲԽκһ죬ǲӣάһƷ벻ʯߣһʮƷʯڻߣÿ˽һӴƷʯȥͥһǧ꣬ǰţǲҪǣȥͥǧ꣡
̼䣬ҶغһһԽӽͥǧꣿ
ѵãǰεţֻܽͥһǧ꣬ڷǱߣҲǱͥеȥͥһǧ꣬ΪͻȻı䣬ǲŸı⣬ҲΪҲɳľӢֻҪǳΪˣԲμӣſ㱾ǳۣԲμӱ޵ĵز
ʲôҲУ
ΪβУⲢûΥԭֻҪǳΪԲμӱޣǶǳۣǷɵۣͿԲμӣӹ˵ûΥ棬֮Ҳôսԣ
˼
һ𾪣Ҷȴܸˣ뱾ǳ۵ķ֣볬۽֣Ҷ̻һץʦ㣬ʦܲʹ⼸ʮһȡһϽʦţ
ϡﻩ
һɹԣҶ˵꣬ʱξȥ
һٶ
ĪԿǿߴΪ֮һ


978 ͻȻֵ
۹⣬ЩԺܳıҶʦܣο˴󹦣ɵӣΪ룬ôųΪ֮еףǳ£
ξˣҶޣȻưһͬΧʼֵҶ뿪
һƫвŵҶȣǴѯʴҶԸֽڣȥŵþĽռС
ռڲȻ纺壬Ҷȵоʮڡɣգԣϵ̫һںϣв񷷨Ϊ򣬲ںϣﵽı̬ĵز
ڼ䣬ҶҲյٺϢĪȻΪɵۣںϷߣȫɵۣ켸ʱʱ̶̿˫¹꽣˫һʮֲֿҶȣֱһˡ
һͻɵۣҶµԷӡ˫¹꽣ؽ춯ء
Ҳںϵ޷زҲʳڣǵܵͳѹȣ̤ɽ硣
һϢǲŸոյõַʥģʮ깦򣬾ͷٷ֪ҶȣѾƽַ֮еܣõһΪ𡱹ŷĴУпܼ¼Ĺȥ
ںܾһʱ˴˵еķǸʱſԴ켫Ĵͨ
ϧһʱҲʧڼԪ֮С
֪Ҷкܴ仯ҶȸоûаæһֻҪһǿΪһͷ֮ھ֮ȥֻһǿ
Ҷھչؼǧ꣬ϺͻƣǶڲ񷷨ãѴﵽϤزȻܵٷӾʼӪϣɽ罻ʱ̾Ҫˡ
֮Ϊɽἴʽʼգֻڴ֮ʮɽ֮䣬γһ޴ռ䣬ڲȻɽˣɽħڡа̡塢еһһˡ
ɽĴĴӪʮţķ㣬һ̨Թͥߡ칬ִߣԼˣЩɽ룬Щĸڡڵǿߡ
ȻΪκΪˣʾǵĴͨ
޻м꿪ʼ붼Ȼɽ˺ܺã֮䣬Բͬˣ졢ͨֻҪţֻҪǴɵķǽύûᣬÿʶһЩˡ
ĴУֻа̡ǺٻЩĸֻݼǡ
ֶӪǰһ࣬ǰӪʮһɣҲгһɣžһɵȵȡ
ʱ֮УдλΪ󲿷ֵӣŽȥˡ
ʥɽˣ
ޱڣ
޼Ҳˣ
Żţ
ɱڣ
ƽڣ
ڶˣ
ʱ䲻ƣ֮УһһɱֳһڣҲڡŻš޼ڡƽڵȵԽһڵ֡
ɣڴ˶ǶţɣңԶɽ֮УһηҪʮꡢܵеǧ꣬ԲÿˣܼЩ˵еɽš
а̡ħҲдֻ֣һֻмˣħˡаҲˣй붼һЩɽǿߣһһ
ƽڡǳԽٳһŴڵǿɵһɽؽ֮УЩɿ϶˽֪
ҶֶӪ֮УӶȥȥҶࡢ˰ţ˽Ҳڽ
ˣ
ȻӪһƬɧΪշǧǿߣһڲͬȥΪǿ֮һ
ʿʱħڡа̡Ŀⶼ۶ͥ칬ִҲע⣬۵ڵĹȥ
ҿöӣ
ڸոȻ֮䣬ʿһȻֶ컹Ҫڲֶͬ󲿷ŮӣһȻûһӣŮӡ
ɳɽ
ֶǿߣΧţͬһ侪̾
ɳɽ
Ҷߵ࣬ҲһȺĮʥѩۣͬһѩӵŮӣ
ŵЩӹʵǿ󣬴ɳɽ޽֮أɹţ֮УΪ࣬޽֮ؽŵĴڣ
ɳɽøɳɽЩӣΪﵽɵ۸߽ףʵʮ񡭡
Ϊ״ӣҶȻҪ˽ɽϣϫɳɽĪϵҶȱɣй˽⡣
ɳɽһֻŮӵɣɣδھɽ£ţֻھɽ磬һ겻ıѩɽ֮УڵҲǴôֲ
ֻӣɳɽӲеӣɽΨһһд˹صţȻഫţɳɽŮӣǶôʥ࣬ôľǣֻҪ
ϧɳɽŮӣ棬ɵӪǰһհһһ£ҶȾͼЩɣҲֻһЩǿߣ˲ȥɳɽ˸޷ȥ˵
ɳɽɽ
һɣɳɽȴӽǾֶ죬ԼΪŮӹϵֶǿŮȥɳɽ죬ξҲȥ벻˵ЦҶľ벻ٵӣҲķ
ɳɽǲɽ߶ֻǶŮ߶ѡ
ҶʦܣʦȥɽλӼ棬ǧѷĻᣡ
ȻϫӳˣλֶŮӣеҲһԣϫҶһͬȥ
Ϊ״ӣϫɳɽϵҶȱȥʶʶô£ϫӱȼǰˣ󲿷ֶŮӣǿĽʺޣеӣеӣֱҶȵУҶȾҸС۷Ƶġ
ؼΧתΧתǸ֮
һȺŮ߹ŶÿһȻɳɽʱΧѾΧŶϧû˵ϼ仰
ϫӣ
ϫɳɽŮӣȻվӭϫ˵˵ЦЦ
ŵɽٰľɱ֮УϫʦãõɳɽһƸΪ״ӣ
Ҳ˵ĪΪ֮Ϊľɳɽùϵ
ʱֶŮӡеӣ˽½Ȼ󣬵ȴҶȶ䡣
ˡ
Ҷȱľͷ䵱ֶݣվǰϫɳɽ뼸λƲӽ̸ʱȻ䣬ҶȵԺȻԶһ龻֣һ΢΢𶯣һӰ졣
ôܣɳɽδйʣһӶʶҲδһ棬ΪΡɳɽ֮УϵĴڣ
龻̫ûԶס
һ̣ϫ뼸λ˵ЦʱҲŮĿ⿴ʱû龻־Ȼٴס


979 ˮ
龻ֲƽ޹ʲס
ǲɷ񶨵ʵ
ҶȴʱģȫϫǰλɳɽŮӣԼаŮӣÿһŮӣѩ˿档
Ȼǳۡ
޷òôֻܴΪϢ֡
ûҶȵĸӦ۾ֻҪҶ޷͸ģǶǳۣȻŮӣϢӦλŮӣȻһ˿Ϣ޷Ӧֻ˵ΪѵҶ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ɡ
ҶȴλԿΪŮ֣ͷΪǿľںϿ֮УϵؿλŮӡ
ԭ۷Ϊ
ƣӺ棬ҶȽؾͿ͸λŮӴΪԴӽ״ӣؽ֮УҶȼڡڳ۴򽻵ˣһЩжǿߵֶΡ
ڳۣͬ塢ϢԪʱ̶̿һ飬Ҫ䡢ըס
ڡڣԵء䣬ڵжϣеǿߣӵвͨҲ޷ġ
ڣôʲôûУһ˿Ϣ޷ӦôǺܲҵģԷпܾڡڵĴܡ
Ҳ˵˼пܾǿµľͷڵĴڣ̫˼ˣҶֶ죬δǿߣʶĸ֮У˹ΪɳɽϢĴڣпܾڡ
ҶȻܼؽʱ龰ϣڡս£Сǧ粽Уʱڡڵǿۼ֤ģǶ֣һɽ磬ҲҪжѡ
ɳɽλŮӣǿߣôɳɽȷ޽֮ضԽš
ŮӣδͬסֻŮϡһԣ
ףһҶй޴ϵ򲻻ͻȻͱҶڴ߶龻֣ͷų˿˿Ƿ˵ļ¶֮УȻſɳɽƮȥ
ˣҶ޷ģֻ˵Ϣɢˣ󣬶޷ȥƿء
򵱳ۣͻɹɹ٣ˣδ
ϣн
ҶȾؿſգȻλ쳣ǿ󣬿ƾɳɽŮӣطȥ
ΧطһŮӣڻ龻ûκζǵڶŮӣ˿ϰȻҲûж
ֻʣһλŮӣվŮӡ
Ը࣬ɳɽŮӣΪ𣬶ϫӶ˵̬ȣֱ
ˡ
Ȼ˿λŮʱڻ龻֣Ȼ΢һ£ҶͷĿ⣬ҪŮӡ
ڴʱŮӷ·ҲӦʩչͨڿһʥֻ֮΢΢һ
ǡ
Ҷھʹһǻ龻֣ȻŮʥһͳˡ

ʵȻܷʩչͨҶ̵ͷΪŮӾȻһ˿˿ϢѰ˿ĳҲҶȵڡ
Ҷһ亹ֻװɵ㶣Ǳ֣ǾͲðˣԪܣǴɣһ֣Էʱ֡
ҶҲȷǿŮ֮䣬ڹȥй˽ʣһǵˣ뻢ڣ
龻ֵȻ飬ʧҶϢǿϢͷɹԻԷӦԼҶȾԸоŮǿϢת˲š
Ůӵ˭ǿ󣡣
ڿ̧ͷȻȥֻϫӷŷڶԲɳɽŮӣֶ첿ŵӣҲУЩɳɽӸ߸ϣϫӽһҲֻͷ
Ҷϸϸ˼һһƳΧĪԿȥǹĪԿɳɽԻ֮ҶȱѻλǿŮϣʵʦ֣֪λŮ˭ƺɳɽλܸߣһλͨߣ
Ŷ
ĪԿҶȣǸأͬΪ״ԭ򣬸ҪǣҶȵõֶ۵ԴĪԿҲҶȳڴҶĿһŮӣɫ˵ӣ
ӣҶƳһۣʱʿĿɳɽһŮϡ
ĪԿҶȣΪˮɳɽһλɳɽϴۣйٽʣʦ㡢ʦãɳɽϤλˮʦ㣬Ÿ߲Ҳİδ˼ݣ
ˮ
֪ԷҶȲдֲǿΪһ𻤷ͬɲ⣬ʵ޷Ŀ⣬ɳɽ޽֮ѳɹţΪʵжô˼顣
޽֮һûзĵط칬Ҳ޷޽֮أΪǿݺ磬ɳɽ޽֮㣬֤һУҪֶ֪졢ʥɽȵȳһɣҲû޽֮ؽš
ĪԿ૵ĵɳɽʦáʦ㣬չˣܶȥ޽֮õɳɽİ˵ɳɽֶѹϵպҪ޽֮㣬Ҫǵ֧֣ʦܣλˮʦ㣬ʵ̫ǿΪӦ֮䣬п̤ڣΪλˮʦ㣬޽֮˽֪ĸ֣๫һ
ȥ۳ƹһʣ͸ˣ
ĪԿ˵һ仰ҶȺȻ뵽һˣȻĪԿݱó۳ƹ΢΢ش߶һ¡
֮УһͬϢ΢΢˸ţȻҶȶ߾ʹ۳ƹӵ
Ҷֵ֣ܿ£
һ˲֮䣬һӰͳҶǰ۳ƹӣȴǱ𣬶۳ƹһ־ͶӰ
۳֣Ҳûʲô£ֵܣɳɽˮӣԼħħڹ첻ϤЩ⣬ֻܴ۳֪
ҶȻʩ
ǺǣˣȻˮһߣǱϾͬΪ̧ͷͷģħڹӡ
۳ƹʮֵʼ磬ƺħڹӣһԿڵѽ˷ǳ˼ʰɣֻҪ̫ѣ̫صĶӦö֪
Ҷȱ㲻ΪΪûʸӴˮǿߣʵˮʲô
ɲֻǴںܶǰˮֻɳɽһͨӣɳɽڲƺʲô£ˮΪĵӣȻΪҡֱϣѾҶмܵǿߣı仯ɳɽڲкܴϵܣҲ֪Ͼɳɽܣһ⴫
ڲ仯
Ҷһͷԭʳţ֪۳ƹӻشء
۳ƹӼɳɽһʮ̵ţŮӣ׼κ˫ޣɽţģϧΪɳɽŹ棬ö񰧣ˮ׷ϧӲκй飡
ȹأֶȫֲͬ桭˫ޣ֮еԺࡣ
ɳɽصĽҶһ̾Ϣ֮дҲɳɽġ


980 ħ
Ҷ֣ĪҲˮȤ
ƳҶڳĬ۳ƹӺȻڨڨһʡ
۳֣Ů֪˶ãʵ˹죬ҶȤҶһ°Ͷ㿩ͶӲ
۳ƹӺ̲סЦ룬ҳϰֵܣǲȥǵģа̡ħ壬Լ޽֮صǿߣĽ£
ͲҪ¿Цˡ
˿ЦΣ治ζҶֻܸı仰⣺۳֣֮ǰĪħħڹӣһ˲ɣ
ˣ
۳ƹӺȻϢɭ䣺ȷһˣħ治֪֮ңǣ
Ŷ
ܵõ۳ƹݣҶͻȻڴ
ħӣħڵһ֣
һ֣
ԣеĵһ֡ˣħʿ֮УųƵһֵĴڣħڵϹŶ⣬ʵǴﵽħ۷壬ɽħۡħħЩħһܣվͬһ߶ȵǿߣ
ǿɽħڵɽۣɽĸ֣뱾ϴۣһ
ʱ֮䣬Ҷһû뵽ħӾȻɽ۲磬ʵǴﵽڣڶпܣ
̫˼ˣ֮Уٵ֣ҲûħǿĴڡ
Ҷ֣ȥ޽֮أ֪ʵ׵Ҫԣֵ޽֮غųƹӣ˵ʵ޽֮ز֮Уֻܴ£ˮҲеȣħӡа̹ӡǿߣǲľ鹫ӣʵѴﵽ޷ڸ߶ȣ
鹫ӣȻڸ֣
ʵ¿룬鹫һλֵܣаʥֻܶ£鹫ӻôֵܣ֮ϵģԡ·кܳһξ룬ݶ˵㣬֮ǰۼ֤ͨţ֮УһһԽľҲˣ㣡
۳ִ֣֮ţɵɵۣһɽ絽ɽ磬ҿҲеǶôпᣬɵ۴һֱɽ磬ɴ󲿷նɵ۴ص¡
ˣ㿴Щ͸ҡħķâѹѹŷâ
ħӣҶ֪ħӵ
۳ƹػźƵʣһ־ͶӰźƮ죺ħĶӣŴСŲСʱͲħ֮У˿ԲƵħ;ħʵԿκγһŵڴԸȻħħа´޷ĥ˲ħˣɱ¾ӣеаħаȵȹƨжϣȻҲɱˣȴħ֮ˣҲնɱħ磬û˲һеħţŷ
Ļɽۣ־ѰЩ֣ɽħڵȻһħΨǴӣѰȻ֤ſɽķڷͨμԦһΪã
һҶ뵽ɽʱ龰۳ƹϸϸŻȻ
۳֣֪ħߣһŮӣһرŮӣʮͨ
۳ƹ֮ǰһҶʳԼһֱص⣬ǾҪ˵䡣
һŮӣ
۳ƹӵϾüչ˼ȥһҡҡͷ˵Ҳʲô
ŮӣԼɽ粻ʱ䣬ԳħģأڡӦкǿʵͷǷͨħӹϵͬһ㣡
ҶȾͲħɽ磬ܳѹԦںϵڣֻˡҶſҶҪںҲ򵥣Ͼħа֮˱׹ħ
˵ֱΪɡ
Ҷۼ֤һξѪôκɵ۱ɣȸӳɹȡǲֶӴС³˳ۣ޷ȥѹ㳬ۿѹҲںϡ
˶֮а֮
۳ƹ˺һ󣬲ڿڣҲŮӴڣǰãĴѰû֪Ҫʲôһ޽֮سǴһλаħŮӳֹֻǶڴŮʮֵرͲ֪ˣϾħӣŮˣһҲ⣡
Ůһˡˣںϡѹа˭֪εԤϵı仯
ҶȼԿ϶λŮӾˣڳͷ֮磬칬ǿ׷ɱʱȣҶƶܵϢҶҲԸӦһЩ
۳֣ˣ£ʱѶ£ʱϵһջʣҶȱ۳ƹӡ
۳ƹӵͷ־ͶӰ৵ʧȥ
ϧħûμӴᡭΪָ߶ȣȻýپɽ磡
ҶתǿħӪĬһ󣬱ɳɽȻͬʦֶ֣Ӫȥһߣ⻹ǽˮŮϣˮϣʲôܣйʣ
Ϊӵл龻֣ҶȲӵκ޷ӵеͨܵԼйʵĴڣֻҪˣһϢԸܵ
ҵΪ̫ﵽҲͿʹû龻֣˵ˣȻҵ˵ݡ
ҶȻصֶ죬ࡢһ𣬶ӣˮ֡
صֶ첻ãʹҶȥӼңӼΪɽļ壬ȻҲμӽᡣ
Ӽһٶˣɵ۾磬߽׼٣ֻм˴ﵽɵ۰˽׵ʮף˶һ׵߽֮䣬Ӽ
ҶѴ֪ӼҲг۵ĴڣȻ٣ھɽ֮Уӵм𳬼ۣǾһĴڡ
Ӽ֮󣬾Ҷȡ
ΪʥɽŵӣȻҪμɽ罻ģֻʵ޷õɵ۸߽ףֻŶѡ
ҶϤİޱӣʮλʥɽĵӣҶȽ໥ʶЩӿɶǱҪҫ۵ţ״ӣҶǰݻҪһء
ʥҲŲŴӣֶϣø񣬼вٵĻ⣬Ҷǰ߸ϵ֣񶼱Ҷ˦
أ˵ô룬Ҳ뵽Ҷнĳɾ͡
ɽһЩμɽ罻ĵӣҶʶɽֻ½ССɣŶ޷ȣûʸμӴģɽֻΪѰμӴᡣ
˵ţܿеӸҶȣдŵҶٻǽȻǴɵ۴ٴŵӣһߣֻϧΪͳͳҶȼ档
ȻЩʸҶ˵ûʸֶӪҶȻϱӼǣ֮УҶȲ֪ڲμӾɱĴŵӣԭ͸˵Ҷȡ
ֻϧʱҶȲû⣬˵£ɵ۾һ⡣
ˡ
ڽʱϿղٹˣʽһӡ쳹֮Ͽա


981 ̨
ŷӡͬڴ֮Ͽţ̨Ҳ𽥻ָλĴӪǧǿߣϽ̨֮⣬ˣձüž
ಣ
һ˴֮ϵϯ̨룬ЩһǳۣǵĵʮֹϣһɷǣƮݣŹɢһȾƺԲͬ硣
λѣһɽᣬ඼İףɽңɽ˲Ųϣδߣжˣǹ֮ͥУǹͥԴǹٰͥɱɽ罻ᣬΪľɽ繲ͬ٣ħڡа̡ʿԺƽ桭
һλˣΪ˶֪һڣֳӰΪףÿһֶ
Ȼ󲿷ݶǿ׻ǿ߶δϸҶ½ˣ޲ðѶȥ
ǣǸŬõӦĽӦõģǹͥóǧƵңڱģʽһΪ֣ÿÿһֻɳӣѡԶ֣ھɣѲμӵһֱ޵ʽ
˵˺óһ˵ص㡣
˻һħڡа̡塢ķʼһѷɧĴÿһжٵɡڣûһҲǧ֮ࡣ
ֶӪ
ĪԿΪ״Ӵǧ˵λֹλÿһֱ޶Ҫλ״ֵӣλӣһҪȡʤ״ֺ̨˵ȡʤԣ
ڵ̾ˣֻҪм˻ȡʤ˾Ͳϳ
ĪԿÿһֱϸ򣬵һˣʤսʤһѡĶ֣ôᣬһᣬҪûᣬͱսʤÿһ֣սʤλˣôǵһֱʤߣҲһߣȻвٵһڵһ£ûٴʸ񣡡
ҪһսʤǿУܻõһ
ٵӣһֱޣÿһֶޱȣҲûʲô̭ȥȡΣˣûˡ
ξΪһеӡλŮӣһǣ֣ҵģΪڵһ֡ڶ֣øڵһ֡ڶеʧܣôϳߣǿ϶ÿĵƣҪľţһϳˣѾɻãλӷֱһࡢ硢̶ϣλϳȡʤžȵػȡŲһţҲܳΪţ
һҪΪȡһŮվʮ㡣
ʦ֣
ξλͼ񣬽ĪԿ
ĪԿ߳һתϷ˵ͷȻͷųâ
ֶһ̨ȷϣ
һλ̰֮У߿չӪХһ
ֶΧʥɽš޼ڡޱڡƽڵȵɣҲһһͷâħڡа̡ӪҲԼɫѤ˸
ǧˣڿ󷨣֮УƯһͬͼڲתһ̣ķ
ʦܣϣλӣܳɹɱΧ
ֶ죬ǰһţξĪԿ񡢻ҶϫӣԼһǿߴ
ϫӺȻͷ΢΢ҶȣƮ˵һ䡣
ǵȻңҲȥ
Ȼɽ罻ᣬÿɽ̨ǱޣûҲ˫ԶԱ˴ʩչɱУһ̨̤޷գԼӵй˵ͨ
ңЩҲܲпᣬó۷ֻҪǳΪɲ۷㲻ǳΪǷҲ˳۵ͨԶɵġ
ԣ̨õѡ񣬳ǿҵ
ʦ㣬ɳɽƺûɵӲ᣿ӪɾٶҶȶڰ⣬ǵɳɽ
ϫЦɳɽǳԽһŵĴڣŲмᣬഫеɣֻˣӲμӴᣬǸͥӣ
м
š֮䣬ҲʵΪ棬ʵǿ˶𾴡
ৣ
˰죬ֻϷһǧƿص֮Уطɳÿһšâ
ֶϿգҲӭֱӳһࡢ硢̶λӷȥվʱͣÿһ˲һ˵һֱ
һ̡Ʒа
塮ӡ
̶ħڡԫīħ
ֶӣ鲻ԽͼֳӰһЩܶ̾
Ʒаа̵ġ̡½аޱȡ
İҲ򵥣ΪŮˣΪһǿߣңıѾۣӦķ
ԫīħҲǺħڵâĸ֮һȻûнۣʵڡ
ʱ䣬ֶǿ߶̵ǿһЩɵ۵󣬲ɵӱð亹
ڴ˵ɽ罻ǳĵط֪Ϊɽ罻ɽһʢᣬΪǿ̨ÿһ֣ɽɫš
λӣһ𳬼ۣôķ㲻ǳۣ屾ƣ˭϶Ǿ·һ
һʱ䣬޵ĲпԣһЩӣҲЦ
ϫӺȻҶȣϸݺĵƷаӡԫīħʦܣЩɶǱҳ½š˵Ƕ˵䲻ģʦܣпܵһλӣһһ۵
ƶţȷλǿߣֻƷа˵йţа֮ţ֮УΪ͵
ϫӲڷ̣һǴʵΪ״Ӵϫֳѵõ̤ɽ缸ǧ꣬ȥӵеġ
һҶҲΪ֮ݣΪݵĹϵҶȶай˽⣬а֮еȫ̡̡ܽ˽̵ȵа̣ǶǿһɴڵȻٵš
Ʒаеٮٮߣ֮һȣʲôȻΪƷаĹϵǶҲУûƷа١
ݡ޶ħħЩˣһֱʸҲûСȻҶ겻ѣԼͬʱڵվɽۣ֮ս
Ըʱ޷ɡ
ҶȲɿξֶ߲㣬ʱڸһࡢ硢̶ٳʲô飬˷ԽԽš
֮ǰɾеĹգڴޣȫָ
ʱѵλ̨һֱҪʼȻ˵ȭۣϣλӻԺΪ󣬱棬ֻһѣڿ޿ռ䣡
ʱţԣͥǧˣʼʩչŲ̛Ȼһ̨ռ䣬гǧ֮࣬ǲ˼飬һֲŵӣҲǧˡ


982 ͳͳʧ
һʦܣʦáʦãǲУͲҪǿڱ˵ǲҪģ
Ź˿̨׷ͳλӡ
ֶ졣
һࡢ硢̶վʱһ°еӵĶᵽɤϣξΪʦ㣬ųϡֵӡ״ǰٴζһ
һࡢ硢̶ֶʮڵ֮Уò׵ܳŵӣߵһȻõֶ
˭ҲԸ⿴ʧ˽ܳĵӡ
лʦ㣡
һࡢ硢̶ǳξʩȻÿһ߲㣬ʩȻͷ̨
һߣֶͳž֮Уʱÿ˶ʲô˽˶Եһ̵Ȼ޴棬ֻ
ţն࣬ܲμӴޣĸûŵӣ˭ҲûȫʤգӲпǣӴˣħڡа̡壬
䣡
ûзּûзӡ̨֮У̨ռ䣬׵һըײ֮
޽ڿʼ
ǧˣʼֳ۵ƣ̨˷ԿһС󷨣Цǧǿ߽ƻԻκŽ磬ʱֳͥʵֶΡ
ֶеӣ̨󲿷ֵӶ޷һࡢ硢̶ڷҲֻг۸ֲܴԽһ󷨣˽
Ȼޱȣ
ҶòˣʵΪ½ӣ޷ӵгʵģƫƫǧ̨һһܾ۵ףÿһӣһĿȻֶλ̨رע
λӣһࡢ硢̶ԵĶ֣˵ǿкΪˣԽɵʵӵнӽڵʵѾһڸֶԿ
ʵɽ磬ǶһǿߣǶܿܿɵʿ֮Уӽ۵Ĵڡ
ϧɵ볬ۣ̫󣬾ӽۣʵҲǺܴģͬΪɵʮףҲһ죬һء
ˣˣ
Źȥ㹦̨֮У̨˲ϵ䣬Ȼͷط̨
ʤߣͦŲ̛˶Ȼеڶ
ÿһ̨ǺƽԼ֮һ̨мʮλʧߣرնɱڶȡǵĴ䣬а̡ħڡʿΪ
ɱʧߡ
ðʦõĶ֣̫ǿִɱʦò䣬¡
ЩֶλӣȻܶս˵زǺϢˣеߣȴʱɫ䡣
Ϊһ̨֮УͬΪŮӵӶѽѷ֡
ֶһǿУӽ覡
޷ֳΪһ𳬼۷һһʽ޷ֱ𣬵Ϣ次ƵĹں֮УˣңٶȫԽӡ
һɱС
ǷΪˣֶʮŵ֮ٮٮߣͰڰС
ߡ˿ԷչһδεΧɱӿǳ¡
һʦܣҲƷаסʵ󣬵ƷааպѹʦܵϢ
һ̨һƷаڼҶΪֶΨһһеӣʵȻز¶ڴ̨ʱչֳаø֣ò£ֻڹаΧ£һҲЩ
Ʒаһֱδʩչ̵ͨļаδһһʩչһʦܵĹ
ȥҲ
ǿߣ̾
Ψֻʦûϣ
ڵ̶̨ħħڵԫīħ϶̶֣ȻܿħɼҲд˵Ĵڡ
ΪܿħֶһЩǿߣ΢΢ش
С
Ӫ֮УҶüע̨λӱ仯ʦãǰӶ֣ԷϾǳ۷Ʒаа죬δչֳƺֻͨһΪһһܣֻʱ⣬̶
ԫīħԷͥ⣬ħڵԫīħƺ̶ħѵħ֮УпõѹƶԷͨ
̶һΪסԫīħħʵرԷںϣԫīħһǿߣȰӡƷаز¶ǿߣ
ͨĸӦϢĸӦҶһط̨ԼӵĽ
ͣ

Ȼ̨Եһ̨֮ϣһħ֣Ȼһֱ꣬Ӻݺݻһץץͷԣɱһħǿߡ
ɱѪȾգһа̡ħڡķĸ֣ͳͳɱϵ
Χȼ

̾
øޱڣȻôһţ˺һҲ磡
ޱһֱصľţΪΣɽٰľɱõһ֮õޱصû뵽̶̼ǧ꣬Ȼǿ󣡡
Σ
նɱħ֣ȼյһʱ䣬˾̾Ϊеħǿߣһħڵ
û뵽ɽ罻֮ϣ֮еĳһţնɱ
Ҷʦܣ˰ɣԭҲ״ӣһһطȵ𣬶ѳΪޱص״ӣٶȣҲң֮ͬУҲֻΣӵ߳ɾͣ
ֶǰ֮УϫһֱΣĿΪӣȻ̨ͬҶȡ
ݡ޶ħȵȵն֣ڳɳ֮УȴܰѴ˦ԶԶģޱڵĴҲĪϵҶȷֻСΡ
̶ϫ׵ĴһȻɾͷǷαǾȵزɽܱȼ磬ʦ̫ʦΪҲβɣ
ʣѾ֤Լǵ֮½ţʱѾɽ磬ʵоɱֶΡ
ˣ
ѳ죬ȻֶеӣһЩվɫؿ̨
ΪӣȻڰУңܵúܳףһѹľ֮ϣڰһ֮С
ֶӪغ֮ʣӵһЦɿеįط̨
صֶ죬вŮȥġ
䣡
֪ɺϻʲôʣλһ̶һľƷаһȭʹѪȻεȥ̶֪ҲòȥһӾǿŮӣû䣬ԫīħһָ̳һѪ
Ȼԫīħƿ̶ݺݵصһɣ̶޷ԫīħҲδ̶֡
գֶӣȻڵһֱͷ׷
ֶɵȥӳˣصӪǿ߿ʼΪˣֶ켸Ĭ鶼ơ


983 ڶֱ޿ʼ
ǹϣ
ֶ󲿷ֵӶΧһࡢ硢̶𳬼߰£ڻָΪ
Ϊص̶̨ǿӣǻصֶ죬޷Ů˱ԡ
˵־˵ơ
ֶ챾һŮΪɣ̶ƽʱǿǶŮ񣬸߸ϣȴȻǰܶ飬η𣬽ֶλȻǰ
νɽ֪ˮ֪ԣֶۡξѩЩŮǿߣ󲿷ŮӣԼΪԽУһܵԶļǿ
һԵķӣҲĬĬᡣ
ֻеһΡȻܣҲһƳļơ
ܣΪֶǿţδȡһ˿⻷Щ뷨ġ
úϢͲҪ룬ʧδǺ£ǿǰʦ㡢ʦ֣ĸһ˳
Ǵʦ㣬ֳ׻׻ξ߿ˣ˼ۿڽеһ֣ڶغϱޡ
ֵܣЩ֮еٮٮߣƽŲһû뵽Ҳ˰ܾ֡
ࡢҶȺ󷽣˵һࡢ硢̶һеľţ񻹲һһܣд֣ࡢҲЩĬ
ҶȻؿ˵ͨǣܿøԶ֣涼кܶˣأǴﵽһʱڣͳԽǣ
ʦܣޣ嶤ˡ
ֶӣ඼ڳĬע̨ȣϾִᵮţҲҪġ
ϫһ༸λ߲ʱ䣬ͲҶȡ
ϫǴӸ߲㣬̽һЩϸ΢Ҷȵ̫пᣬʦ㣬֮֮ҪҲþĳ̨Ҳ޷ѡֻȻܣ
û뵽ʦ׼ˣֵˣ״ֻˣ״֣һֱŵһλã󣬻ֵӵ֪ʦֵӹϵΣ
һ㣬һ㣬ͬţ
ʦʵʤ⣬ʦαؽΪɫĵӣ֪ʦܵʱ뵳ɣɣ
ڽʱ̨춯ϫӺȻһת·ʤȯգȻ˵ɵ
治˵ȴɣҶȰһûϵոճΪ״ӵϫӣȻļƣҪʲôɣҪһɣѩĵɡ
ǻƤѻǡ
һ½ŮӣԴļơ
ҶȱڣԶʧӦϫӾͲ̽ҶȣҶȫע̨һŶ
һֵڶغϣǾһغ̭ʤߣΡƷаӡԫīħڶ֣ŹͥȷַӲпĵڶغϱ޽ݡ
ȥ̨ˣĸһ֮еٮٮߣ󲿷ֶѡڵһغʵΪľսڶغϣ˵ڶغսжôң֪
ʧȥһʸ񣬲ֶֻһһɣвɣһ־ȥʧȥڽԼƻøֵĵ̨ڵڶֱУȡ
֮󣬵һֵڶֱҲĻв̨֮ϣһ̭ʣ¼ٸʤߣ׼֣ͨһһһս
ʱ̨֮ڵڶغϵʤߣԼ嵽ˣμһغϾսʣһ˾ǵһõ̤봫˵еĹͥС
ŵһֵڶغϽҲһһʧܣܽغϵĵӣǴʱͬľš
ɽ֮󣬲ŵôʤߣȻÿ˶ɽš
ħڡа̡Ȼռķ֮ƵǴơ
Լ֮ŹͥϿգһ̨ٵУÿѡĶ֣Ҳˮ档
غϣҲǵһᣬˡ
ŵƷаӡԫīħû뵽ڵڶغϣһһܡε˳ɱغϣ
һ־ʼҶϸϸ⼸ִ඼ڵڶأޱڵΣһ·նڶ֣һħڵǿߡ
߲ͨڶϳλŵӣһλֵӣ
ֶȻټҶȡϫӵȸ߲㣬ۼξĪԿǿΪġʼƻڶֱ
һʧڵڶ֣սȫʤôֶѹͼˣҲпĵֱ֮Уɳĵơ
ڶҲֻǰԤĵޡ
һĪԿһһŮһλٵŮӣɺʦáϷʦΪڶֲߣȻʦãһλ
ʦãֵӣ˷ޣһ˿⣡˵һۣ׷λٵŮϡ
Ϊֵӣֶĺģ
ʦ֮ǰΪֵӣа꣬ڼǧǰΪֵӣΪɵʮ״Բ
ֶҪɳһλֵӣΪƣҪڵڶ֣ȡһʤҶͨƣ֪ܿλòƽһͷڷŮӵϸֻƳһۣҶȾͿԶ϶һڵڶӱ
һʵһǵõֶ볬۲Ѿӽ֮䡣
ƳλӣɺơϷԾͲˣϾܶţƻֶ࣬һʧڵڶһԵڶֱȵһֲп̫࡭ӵɵʮ״ԲΪǾӻһأ
ϸֱɺơϷΪ֮󣬱㷢Ȼɵʮ״ԲǾڳۣŲŵӵ֮һ߶ȣҲ˵Ҫǿ󼸱ɵԲǿĲࡣ
Ӽﵽаӡҩɾɵ۸߶ȣ
ǻȡʤλӣڶǿ߸߲ǰֳʤ
ξ߲㣬˶ǰţȻϸϸѯʣԼŵڶֱ޾ϸڡ
ˡ
֮ǣׯ֮
ʱ˿̨ԭǵغϱ޽һֱʤߵˣٶλɹһһӭϸ̨ϯ̨һּ˴֮ÿһǳء
֪ˣ
ҲӲпĵڶֱޣſ࣡
ķһһʼͷȻΪţӲͬӪ֮з̨
ϯ̨֮æɽ˷õһֵһţ·̨ǧ֮ţ̨
ɺʦõĶ֣ħȵѪħ
ϷʦܵĶ֣а̡̡Ϲƺף
ʦõĶ֣Ңʥ
ֶ߲㣬оɺơϷ硢ӵĶ֡
ǿУҲԶ֮ǰƷаӡħԫīħʵӾ
ǿУ
ֶ߲㣬һɫǵڶ֣ÿһţҲһǿߡ
ڶֱޣӲпᡭ
ҶȿԸܵͬϢжôţǶô٣ȻҲòȥ


984 ֵ
ֽ֮£ڶֵһرޣŹͥˣһӡǧɽ˷ţ˲俪ʼ֡
䡫
ټĴ֮ǣ·Ҳһ𶯡
취̬ѤĿչ̨գӰУ⽣Ӱɱ
ͣ
ҲͲ㣬̨֮о˲аܣʤһа̵ǿߣһλˣڽ£˽𵤡
̨ʤҲ̲
ԽǽţбŶѡȫܵУһڶֵһغϺܿͻֳʤ
ɱڡ
Ҷȹעÿһ̨仯ɱɳɱӣڵһ֣ɱҲȫûڶ֣ɳ𳬼۷һɱ̨ϧֻһ˳ɹأڶغϡ
ɺʦôĶħȵѪħʵڹ죬ѪħԾѪΪɱУ䲻⣡
ֶ߲㣬ȻɧĿˢˢһֻ̨ɺһۣһѪƵħǿ߽֡
ħǿߣƤ·䣬һѪƣͷųѪɫ·ɷһ᲻ɴݣɺƱɺʩչɹҲѪħħ֡
ϷʦʦýڽռƣɿһϷӹһռʩչͬͨѹа֡
ɺơܳǿ
Ȼ䣬߲㼤վ
ΪɺƱħȵѪħƵȼս𵤣һӸҵŮӣֱޣȼսкãܵһغϵˣеڶغϣغϣѵζȼս𵤣
ͣ
̴߲ɺƣ
ڣɺƻ˸߲Ļȼս𵤣żУͱѪħĹѪƲס˱ϢȫޣȻѪħһЦ˱ƯգѪħЦ
ȥʦãСĵ㣡
ĪԿλӣȥ̨ɺƽӻӪ
ͣ
ͬʱֶ첻ٸ߲¶ЦݣһλеϷһаϹƺ׹һϹƺ׵ţԷȻΪǿ󣬵޷סϷȫһơ
˱㱻һϢϷʤɹڶ֣
ھʣֵӣӡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
ɺƱλӻʱξĪԿи߲㣬ҡͷ·һһϡ
ûȥֺ෴ͬΪʧߵһࡢ硢̶Ҳƣοɺơ
ʦʤˣ
ͻȻǰһЩӣе
أڶغϣ
̧ͷȥʮƽͰҢʥ£öԷεʾ⡣
㿴ϣϷӽڶغϣֻҪ˵ڶغϣ̤غϣΪֶȡ
ܿڶֵһغϽˣ̭һ룬ʣһǧ˽ڶغϣϹͥǿͼϵںϣٷֿʱÿ˾ͼѡĶ֣һһ
ʦôϢĶа̡̡ĪаͣϷʦܶ޼ڵԴ
һλߴץסһ֮̿ҶȡĪԿȵȸ߲㡣
̣ǿа֮Уǿа֮һĪа;ɫļ֮һʦһս
޼ڵԴ꣬ţ޼½֮еٮٮߣʵҲɲ⣡
һЩ̾
ͨһغ϶ȡʤڶغϣǿ϶Ǿţڶغϱȵһغ̫ࡣ
Ҿǣ
ξǴʦ㣬ֶ죬˻һĬĬ£ʮλֵӣΧò˵һ
ڶغ̾Ϳʼˣһ̨ذգµķͣչֶ
ҿ޼ڣעǣ
̨ڶӪֶһЩӣȴڶŲԶӵм˵Ӫֶͬȴڵ޼ڡ
ֻ޼ͷŲٶֶĵж񣬿ϣνͬˣѣҲ顣
̨϶һ̨ӪҲڰϾ
ʦܣԴϷʦ֣˭ʤ
ϫӺȻҶȴ
˵Ϊֻ࣬˭Ӽᶨĸȹ̡ʦкθ߼
ץסᣬҶҲϫӵĵӣʵ
ϷʦֿмԴ˽ģҲйһ֮Ե䲻״ӣʵȴǳǿ޼ڵһŹϫһע̨仯һ滺˵
Ҷ⣬ϸһ޼ڵԴȻϷ綷֮У󾢲ϵر෴Ϸ磬ڵһغϣȫŴϹƺףѾ㣬þҪԴС
ٿ
ո˼⣬̨֮Уһ˼ĽȻԴռ䣬ѰϷĵطһʹ̴š
Ϸ类úȻϥ̲ס£Ѫ˿ڲϵӿ޼ڵԴһȵسϷ糰Цȥ

ڶֵڶغϣϷʧˣֻʣӣòֶ̾Ϣһͳɹ
ֶɳӰϷӻ˼ʱѾ˵Ѫֹ˵޼ֿأڵ߲ѣڸΪϷˣҲ㱣סһš
ʦĶ֣ǸĪа͹Ȼ
ҶĿ»ص̨֮ϣ˹ħа̡塢Ƚ֮⣬ҶȾעĪаͶ
а֮УһްԵĴڣȫ̡ܽ˽̡ΪаĴҪ
ӽֵĪаͣͨϸ۲죬Ҷȷִ˹ȻʵӲûж٣ҲпаͨܶԸĪаͣǻˣܡ
ֵӣϾҪۡ
ֶţӾǺܺõĴһࡢ硢̶ɺơϷЩ˲ֵӡ״ӣҲǲ಻кܴռš
ЩУҲ˳Ϊ״ӡֵӡ
ĪаͣϧңĲң°ɣ
Ȼֶ߲Уӵһ
аΧۿ·磬ǰĪаͣһ͸аĿ⣬ƺԶӡ
ӺȻʹһУһг۲еͨȻ˲ͷһķ˲Īаͷŵаȥ˳գĪаͲԷ㱻ɰס
֮Ͳˣ
ããڽغϣ
һأֶ죬ʱÿӶ
ξĪԿ񡢻Щ߲㣬Ҳһһɫʼ˽½Ҳӭ˼¼ˡ
ڶֵڶغҲܿһǧһ̭ʤߣеغϵһ
⼸ˣǽӽΪĴڣɵغǸӲпģҾغϽ֣ܶ˶Ե㡣

ڴ£һͷųһ
ʦõĶ֡ɽħڵġħ
ħ
һߣӵӵٷ̾Ϣʱ߲ɫٴΰ


985 
ɽħڣħ֮УǿĴ
ɽħڵɽۣɽ磬Ǵ˵еϸ֡
ħɽħڽЩ꣬ðһɽħǽеļλţ
һüһճһֱüչ
Ҳ¶ģɽħڿħڵĶڣ֪ǿߣħһλ
ʦãΪֵӣΪֵӶΪ⣡
˶лٵĵ֮ʱȻֵӪ룬λ߲˵
һߵͷȻʦаգǾȺϢ
ɽħڡϧ޶ħ̫ᣬǳһɽᣬŻֵɽħڳսɣ
ɽħĸ֣һʯͷѹҶͷ
ΪɽۣԷһֻһ񣬾ҶȲ䣬ҶһӶ޷ǵĳ
һħӪǸӦ޶ħϢֻôŹ⻷£СһС
һţݶ޷ʸֻ̨̤ΡϫӡҶ˶ѣǻ̫ᣬҪµܶһ档
ڶֵغϣڿĻ
ÿһͨսʤ̤ɱذÿһ˶Ϊδǵš
ĺħ
ҶȻעӣϸһħӶѽѷ֣ħһżΪĺȻͷų˲ңԻΪ
һӾ֮Уħѹڼͷ޷Ϊ࣬ӱпаħڵħҲԿ⣬ֻǶȷʵҪ
˵ӣڳĳۣɽħڵĶɵ֡
ͣ
֮УȻʩչһŲͨ˼شӶֳ֮
Ȼֵӣͨġ
ֶ˶˿Ҷ⣬ʩչŲֻͨǳ۲գɵʮףʩչѾʯ쾪
Ǻħſʼ޷סӣÿһγУ˶óĺħÿһòľ̫š

һֱܵӣȻһںħʱȻûߣ˫һƣһֲģͷŽ⣬һȼգŽģͻأ֮ƣħȥ
ȼս𵤣
ֶ߲һˣ
һŮˣ䲻£ȼս𵤣Ծʵȷѣ
ȼս𵤣ӵĹѡ˲ǻۣҶȲòסֵӣ֪ʲôˡ
ͣ
ȼս𵤵ĿֲƿħķȻţ֪档
ӹϲȡƣΪڶֵĵһ
ã
ֶ߲ڲĵطйһ
ӳΪڶȶڵţһʱ䣬˷ڵˣ¼Ҳڼ¼ϡ
ֶӪڶֱҲַܿ£βӭһֱޣҲÿһʱ̡
һʧܣҲûлᣬŶõһǾӵйͥлᡣ
һɣڸ˶ζĶ
λʦ֡ʦá
ֶ߲㣬һξۼһһ
ξֱϫҶȣ߲ҲĿϣŽĵӣڱΣźܿأŸ֤ԼԼʶԶֱͨޣ˴ųսǿ
һ˵ȻŰŵģȻӭѶϣ
ϫʦҲԵΪȡҶϫӶһۣҶλ߲˵
ãϢξ˱֣ʮ⣬һһҶȡϫӡ˶һӪ
̨ڽеڶֵغ󼸳ޣѾڳﻮֱһ档
·ֹһֶֻ̣˷ƵͬʯΧӶҿ
ҶȡϫӡǣͻȻڼǧֶ꣬ʮڵ֮𣬳Ϊ߸ϵ״ֺĵӣ˾Ҫͬһ̨ҫ
ͬΪһʱ˽ܣ˴ʱ˿һղĬ
ϫӺȻһЦˣʦ֣Ҷʦܣ˼̨䣬Ϊ⣬뾫Žᣬ̨ǵģ
ЦҶʦڶ̶̼ǧ꣬͵촫棬δᣬʦܱؽΪһˣʦˣʦ֣ʮ꣬һõڲ֪ĸڰ䣬ʽ򣡡
ʦ̫нյĳɾͣעҶ
ϫʵϣˣԽΪͬˣӵзǳɹڣûᣬʦ֡ҶʦܣǾⷬ
ţϾңҿͺɱ˭ŶԷλΪĵӣŮ裬г裬ʦõʦ֣½ӣλԶЩϵӣ˲ƱػᱻǲͷϣϾʹӦϫ顣
̿Ҷȣȴ𰸡
ҶһҲżض˵ʦ㣬ʦ֣ȻͬӪڽ֮£ǵȴ˵٣ϾܷʵȴܹǸУ
ʦܴ˻ٺúۣ⣬ҶƿϫӲʱཻ
ãڶֱڽٶʤߣŹͷŵӭӽݣϯ̨
ৣ
ʱķţͷųһ
֮УɹһͷţͳֶͬҶȡϫӡƯ
ԼͼԱߣԳһ֡
ọ̈̄ܽа
ԼĶ֣ҶüͷһһЩֵϡ
ϫҲ΢΢һ̾ħڡħۡ
ġ󿴵ԼĶ֣һ׳˶һصëͼڵǿߣüͷ΢΢
ϰɣ
ϫӿҶ˺ԥֶĵƣ̨ವطȥ
аħۡ
˷ȥֶĸ߲㣬סˣΪǵĶ֣һһľţһЩ״ӣʵҲ˵״ӡĵӣûѹסǡ
ĪԿξߣ߲ڲͣĿ̨ʦ㣬˿ɻʤ飿
˵Ҷʦܲ˵ʵҺ֮Уڵξ񿪿ھҶȡ
ξУȫûһ˿ԥѡҶȣĪԿ㵲ѣŶҶʦʵﵽεȵز
ξصĵʦܣǼа񵶡ǵҶʦڵ򣬸Ҵڸ֮еõģʱɵۣ
ôʦʵ
ɲ⡭ʦܣֻܸô࣬Сʦܣǳһ㣬ʵѾԳʶȥݣ
ȻɻĪԿξϫ󣺡ϫʦʵӦöоգǸʦܣϢأҲ⣬ˣδᣡԹÿδᣬûһɣ޵ĵӣһֶȡʤɣ


986 ն
ֱɽעĸо
ֶ쵽̨֮䣬ҶȡϫӡȼնУĿ˷նϡ
̨һʦ㡢ʦ֣ڵڶغټ
˶ϵ̨磬ͬһ磬ûȻʣ̨ͬϣҶϫӡ֮˾˲̨ͬȥ
ֶ״ӣҶȣ
ֻһҶȶ߾ʹһΪм
κν·𶳽ƵģֻһƯĹ̨Ҷȷ̨޷ӦΧǰƯһаȻꡣ
ټĴͷͷΧһ߲ʲ֮ŸͼڣĴţҲʮֵ죬ͬ壬һ˫ۣĿⶾ˲
ҶȵĶ֣ԡȫ̡ܽľţа
ֻǵһۣаͼΪмƳһҶȣ˵㣬˵ţҲ
˵˵ģаɣ˶ѿʼ֣ȫ̶ܽ˵İ̲ҪܴһУɽ編ˣ
Ϊﵽɵʮ״ԲӶҪֵа̸аҶȵ䲻ȣֱ֣ӭս
һ
аƺЩŭһɱֻаر̨·ƿһ㣬һһɹͬγɵааվͳҶȺ
һ˿ᣡ
칬ִߣӳͷ֮ӳĳͷڳʩչͨԪ
ڱ֮£Ȼ˼̨֮Ͼ칬ִߣڴ֮ΧǱķߣǱֶΣǡݣסᶼݲݽβ
аռ䣬ҶʩչԪȻȻһʹа£
ⲻ
֮գаȻתͼҶȳȻһţұͷŵʹâ
Ҷȷ·ҪʩչֶΣаЩȫܽţܿҵͨɣȷʲôһֿռͨ
ѵǳֻۣг۲ܰѿռͨõ˴졭
ΪͬǿߣаȻҲвֻͨһУͿóҶȸô
аʹ湦ɣа̵֮а׾Ҷʶ֮ȷһű仯ĪаɽɱУ붷ݽ֣̹
Ҷһ֣Ȼ͵ȫ̵ܽͨУһץһѩɫͷžӨĳֶɹɣ
а׾
û뵽Ҷȶȫܽ˽⣬аüͷһ壬̳Ҷȣ˫һһɹɲȱȼյаʱҶȥ
꣡
ҶȾ͵Ưգû˺һһֲĲȱȼаʱɣӶеɹ⽣һȼа֮ϣײ˲䱬ɹ⽣ذаȼ
ɹ⽣а֮зȥаͷŵа׾һһһʱ޷ϡ
ɹ
û뵽ɹҶʦУ˵Ե
һʱ䣬ֶӪӼ̨֮УҶɹ⽣а£ֶ緶ɣе··´½û뵽ǳ˵Ĳ
ʦ㣬ҶʦܹȻɹ˴ز֮Уʦ㣬Ҷʦ
ĪԿɵöξ˵
ξ޶˵Ҷʵչֳ϶Ϊһˡ
û뵽λҶȣ
֮⣬ɽˣ׹ۿ̨
ɵ۴һȺԴŵߣһֱעֶ춯Ҷ̨һĿתҶȫܽ̾аֲʱÿŵߣ׷׾̾
ֶ״ӣͬѰ
ɵһֱƽؿ̨
ݶҶֵܵȷ޷󣬲ɵĽףȻӵпڵʵɽ磬Ҳֻһٲˣйȴ棡
֮֮УһеĽڣľȸӵʮӳԱвٵǿߣԼнˣγһӪھӸ߸̨
һԣŵ۳ƹӫһ𣬶·̨֮УҶȵһ֣۳ƹ
ƽӹкָԣˣܣɲҪˣ޷鷳ҲһܣӫӾϣȻһ˿ࡣ
ô΢仯۳ƹʵʵͷ
ͣ
̨֮УͻȻһʽ⣬һѪ
аʩչ֮ɣҶҼʶʶָ߶ȣʩչ̶ȡȻһһнⳡ
ɹ⽣ƯڰգҶȵһЦűһȱаϵر¶Ѿ˵İа
ããû뵽ʵǿףǿһУҲǿһУҰܵķڷ
аѾ֪Ҷȶ֣аϵر仯
ã
ҶȻӽһɹ⽣âɡ
֮
ʱ䣬аűõаʧգΧֺ¥а৵ذΧҶڿռ䡣
أԦռ࣬һһֻ󣡡
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼһʵõ磬ˣҪܵٵӰ죬ҶĮȻһЦҲ࣬һ
ͣ
еĻаһѪȻʧ
ʧķаֵسֻ֣޷Ϊɹ⽣ôţһѱɹ⽣ߡ
¡
˺͵̨·
Ӯˣ
ֶ˶ף֤Ҷ׵شȫ̵ܽľţɹֵڶغϡ
ȻϫҲܿһһ֣ܶڶغϣȻ̨Ҳֳʤ
һغϣܿͽʣһǧʤߣͳͳŲ̛֮УȴŹѡ֡
ಣ
ͼϷǧʤߡ
û뵽ҵĶֶ֣״ӣ
ͼոս٣Ҷȶ߾ʹһƵ֮ڶغ϶֣ħڡа̡壬һλš
ڶغϣѾǵֵĻᣬÿʤ߶Ǹ֮УΪܳµš
ƽڡԪƲ
Ҷһɨͼͼһӣһ
ƽڣɽʮϡٽɣ


987 
ɽ磬ɱϡ٣ƽڣɽ紫֮УΪǿĽ޴֮һ
ԪƲƺĪʦֽҵĸ¼Уڹ
öԷδ̨Ҷ˲ͷһԺɽħڡа̡塢ĸ֣Щ϶ĪԿǰ׼õġ
ƽڣԪƲ
֮Уڳһͼӣһģһ
ƽ֮ǰͻȻһľţƽʮ겻ĽšԪƲ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȸоһζ֣һţĪԿռԪƲƽڵĵһš
źεǣ־ţڵڶغϣҶͬΪţͬҪΪȡҫһƱػᵹڶԷ¡
ޣǲпģ
ٿ
һӰһ̨˲̨Ȼ̨磬ȫ
һͷţӰһӵֻжʮͷһҶҶȵڶغ϶֣ƽڵľţԪƲ
ǿû뵽ԪƲոճ֣ĿҶһۣ˵
ҲǿҲõһĴУϢ֮ڣӵһλеˣɵʮΪֻһ֮ңЩж֮Уǰʮϧ
Ҷȸֶôһ֣ţǼΪء
ԪƲ֮⣬פʵϧʲô
ϧ㲻ңҶƽĴ
ǿ󣬵̫ţֶ״ӣǺǣҲոճΪƽڵ״ӣ״״עһְɣ
ԪƲҶ΢΢ףȻ̯֣гһˮĹɽ߳û˿뽣ΣֻȻϵĽ
һѱȻǽ֣ȻҲýֶɹı
ҶУٴγɹ⽣ȫ޷ԪƲеᲢۡ
ԪƲĽķ
ҶȵĽֻɵ⽣
ɹڿһҶȵѣҵĽһ֣޵ĽҲǿ콣޿첻ƣСˣƾ轣
ͻȻ䣬ԪƲ屬һƮ٣еıٿȻͳҶһ
˵ʱʱ죬ƾ轣Ѵ̵Ҷȵǰ
ÿĽ
Ҷ˲ʩչԪӽ֮£һ
ٿ
Ҷȸո˿յԪƲֺȻָһ㣬һٿȻͬǡ

ԪƲǴ˻ᣬֳֽͷŽĶҶȷ֮¡
ʱҶһն뽣ײһʱ꽻
ݡ
ûоĽֻпĽ
Ҷȸոջһ˭֪ԪƲֳˣҶţһն
ÿĽһˣһоͰˣţҲֻܷķݡ
ֶӪĪԿ۾ôģţˡǿߡͷע£չ־Żɵһ̾
ƽȻɽߣǼΪǿģһͺųƽǿĴڣ뵶еһƴ
ξĬһ󣬲ſ˵һ仰
ӣĿת̨λӶһһʽǣǺ

̨գһ˿ײĻǡ
û뵽ɹ˷ǷҲý֮ŲţĽҪ
ʱν棬һξײɹ⽣ƾ轣ףԪƲ֮пҶȣһ㵡
Ľǿ졭ٿĽûҲ޷ɾ춯صĻĿ콣ܴƳ۵ķУôվǰ㶼޷֣ԣһ
Ҷغţݲȡ
·ԪƲҲ
ҶȻսɹ⽣ȻʲôͫЩ룺Ҽһλ֣ҲҲʶǾǰöϻ£ʱ̣ͥ䣬칬һһ춯أ칬𶯣

ԪƲľηȻѣȻδһڽ֮Уĺܹ㣬ŽĽѴﵽ£˴ܣϧ޷ʶҪܣ򣡡
ȻĽģģҲ޽ȴ޽ʤнκνжȥͷţȭȷˣ
˵꣬ҶȾͻӶɹ⽣һʱ֮䣬֮⣬ݵҶȵһһա

գ֮䣬ԪƲӽһ麹գӶƾ轣ɹ⽣ײ
޿첻ƣ
ҶһٶȫԪƲ֮£ԪƲЩнٴʩչ콣Ȼһ֣ƾ轣ȻΪһâΪʮҶɱ
ЩưĽƽǽϯ
ݣ
ʹâȻͬѤǹ⣬ҶȻӶգɹ⽣һײɱһһٴﵽ޷ĵز
ԪƲĿ콣ٶȵȷײȽĶ֡Ԫ
ԪƲʵﵽɵ۾磬޵е״̬볬֮䣬ڵĲ࣬ҲǺѣҶףԸˣǲóһʵǾԽԷѹ
ңԪƲĽѱƵҶȲò汾¡
ɶ񡭡ɶ񰡣
̨֮⣬ں֮УмˣװʮֵƽһһŮӣرעҶԪƲ̨
ŮӣֶͳͳԹأ϶Ҳʧͳʮȡ
Ϊʦ֣ΪԸҶȣǧȥ϶ʧָòʵҲﵽӽɵ۵ز
ͳ󣬲Ȼŭ硭֮ǰӦңҪȨнҶ棬ҶȺһԾ죬Ϊ״ӣͰѴ£ʱǳҲʱҪȥԸҶȣ
˹ͷĵߣֲǵˣ㿴Ҷȸ㵱һ£㿴ʼˣȴ챣żˣ˵ѰΪŮ裬ǰ𣿡
Ҷȶ֣֪죬͸ó֡ͳǻڲ
Ǳˣɱʦ֣Ҳδ˵Ǳֵܣأҵһ취ǰƼʦ֣ҿΪŮ֮󣬾ͻƻΪ㱨ѩܣңﲻһֱ𣿡
ʱͷ޵ɫһͳ޷ܣ·̺һԪԻ֮
ôҵŮˣȥ£˭֪ͳһȻŭ
ҴˣҴ˻
ţ߿ͳɫ·ֻĴڡ
ҶȡʼˣԶеĳ衭Ȼ֮У͸һԶҲ޷ĨȥȼյԹ
ˮ
̨֮УֽغϵҶԪƲһֱԪƲ˶ףƾУԶнҶһûкô
ΨУһʩչɱС
ʱ򡭡
ҶѾоڱ䣬ΧƮ
ಣ
ƿնΪҶϯڽ籩֮ԪƲƾ轣֮У·Ҫͷȫɽ֮УһдҶȡ


988 ħž
ǧէȥͬٲ࣬׳ۣÿһʵԪƲͷŵĽ
ݡˣ
̨֮Уǽ󡢴̿յ֮
ԪƲƽڵĵһţ˽ǿ飬ͬסƣ
ֶӪ߲㶼עϫӡҶ̨һһһЩͨӣæͬʱע̨
ĪԿĲץһ麹Ҷ̨ΪҶȵĲѣ˭ƽʵǿ
ԷĽȷǿ죬Ͻӽڵʵϫʦò࣬㿴ʦܣƺҲӦ԰취
һԵξ񣬴ݵ˵
˼ʤߣң
̨У
ҶȰΧҶ޷ڴʱԪƲ·ʧȥͬˣƯУһҶȣʮľЦЦ
ôһЦţͻȻ̳ƾ轣
ƾ轣ͻͻشռ䣬գ۾ҪҶڵ
ʱҶͻأ˫һϡ
ٿ
ͣ
һɹ⽣ȻȻشԪƲ󷽴̳ϢԵ˲ԪƲӱĴ塣
ԪϹȻ޵ˣʩչһǾ춯أݺ񷣬ɱ֮䣡
Ҷһ֣һƣֱӰΧѹɢ˲ԪƲڿ
ϧԪƲ޷ŵɹ⽣ʧ
ԪƲ޷ţͻȻҶȵϣصɴ۾Ъ˹ʲôѵں˿ռͨռ佣
ȷںϿռ֮ȴǿռ佣ֻÿռͨԦҲ֪ƿؿռ䣬ÿռռݺܴƣԪƲȷһţŲ֮ͻƳۣͻΪһĸ֣
Ҷָ΢΢һɹ⽣ٿȻʧԪƲһǰһ㣬̾Ե̨·

ȥԪƲʼջ޷ԼĽ֡
ã
ʱֶеӱˣΧŵӣĽּʡ
ΪʤߣҶҲû˼ȥˣؿϿգһغҪ˰ɣΪǲˬʱ䣬úѰ˵׬һʣ
ɽ罻ᣬνЩţѾҶ˵ȫǶ֣۳ƹǵţڴĶ֡
ϫ󣬵Ҳоյʤˡ
Լȥ칦ҶȱӦϫ̿ȥ̨֮⣬˶սʤԶ֡
̨ܿһһӭһޣҲĶǵһ
ڶֱʤ߼ﵽƣһȻ̳㣬Щյǿߡ
ৡ
ϷӪͷͼ
˿̣ķ󲿷˶վ֮ˣҲס´ľʱ̡
ҵĶ֡
һͼʱҶȷһϤϢȼգڣⲻħ
أ
һӳҶǰʱҶ¶ЦݣΪĪԿռ֮Уؾɫ֮һ
ǳ۷һɵ۾Ž׵ǿߣΪˣɵ۾Žױпڵʵδᣬ˽֪ľħš
ԣħħһһţأ
ৡ
һӰ̨ϷӶͼϵӣһģһħӾˣϢ䡣
أ
ֶû뵽ôšܺãһ·նϧҪҵУؽ˶ӣֱһͦţУʱȡ
أɣ
Ҷȵһ֣Ȼֵɹ⽣
ã
˫չץ޴ħãħϵȼգħ̨ܿ
أû뵽ҶʦܵĶ֣ħȵһţ
ϫʦõĶ֣Ҳڵһţ
ʦֵĶ֣Ȼߴţ
ʱ˿ֶ̣ˣһޣ̨֮ÿԵĵˣһһŵĵһˡ
ֶУϫӡҶȡƶغϣעһ֮սҲ֮ս
Σ̤ͥлᡣ
ͥϹżԪһɽ磬ɽȫ磬ϹŵǳԽԪġ
վ̨ÿˣ˻ȡΪʶͥĴڡ
ħ죡
һħ̨ž
꣡
޴ӰɹգħצŷҶȣռһ˺ѣҶڵ̨󷨣˶顣
ͣ
ƲɵҶ˲ӳɹ⽣ħ潻棬Ʋ¡
ƣ
عسҶһ࣬һһŭħܣǿ壬Ҷѹȶ
ಡ
գۼ䣬Ҷƾʧˣ
¡
ţھؿħһɹ˲÷飬Ҷһֶ
أʵǿǾ޷õһģҶֳɹ⽣еضžء
ǿħܣҶ˲飬ⲻٶȣǿʵ֮ǰھǰҶѾʩչʵ볬ռͨ
Ȼֶ״ӣȻҶ״ӡҵİħɣ
ֻʩչͨƬ֮䣬ؾ֪Ҷȵǿ󣬱ȫԸʱչֳͨ춯ء
ħãͷħһӡϵ˳һһֱӾսʿӼ𣬺ܿͳΪʮ𣬽žǽ֮ࡣ
̨챻ħü飡
ããأеʵħȵһţʸΪĶ֣㿴ֶɹεǿɣ
Կֲħãһ˶ŵҶȾȻһЦһĿҫ۵ɹ
ܣһδΪ۵ɵۣȻɹ˳񣡡
ǰ黯ѾӵʵʵϢ򵥣򵥣
ʵʻ˴á
ڽ⣬ţħڡа̡塢̨еħ𾪡
Ǿʱһɹ⣬ͬҹеգͻȻͷţҫ˷ͷſٵءơ
ֻɾ֮⣡
ʦ㣬û뵽ҶʦܵɹȻ˴زʦȻкܳ룬ҲһЩʦãˣ
ֶеӣɹâ𺳵˵ߣֵӣѡ
ĪԿΪξ˽¶Ի
䣡
ɹҶͷţֱһħô
ɹոħãħþͱ˲÷飬ͬƵģϡﻩɢڿУһһһƬһƬ
ɹ֮Դݿ֮ƣݻħô٣ôǿ󣬶ôĸߴ࣬ħɭɭɹ֮£ͳͳػΪ촷ۡ
飬ը
С˼ң
һᣬȷ˲ӣ
̨֮ϣ칬ִߣ˫ڲϵؽǹˣÿһߣϸϸע
ҶȶĿǰͷʢģЩǿߣɵҲ񾭣ޡ


989 ֶĹâ
ٹ˶ϸ¼̨ÿűϸڣ֮ǰʤߣˣҲڹעһֱ
һǾɽ
ȻˣҲڹעǡ
أѵҵ
̨֮У
εҶȣʩչɹһƬħãػһδͷħãֱҪһս
ҶȲɵóɤʵ
ߣΣ
ħľأĵӦһ䣬ͷſֲħŷҲȡ֮֮ߡ
ĪҲʣ
Ȼ֮䣬ظܵЩħãҶȷ־صϢѰЩͬϢϸʮֵۺ񣬶Ҳ˵ʮʢ
״̬ܡ
һӵ취ξʡ
ȻҶ죬ӦѹҶȣôһǿֶΣҶһȴûȥѡ
ֻ˵ڹһ棬ǿƣ
ħ֮
֮󣬾ͷŸֶΡ
˫ĿһħãʼںϣʮΪһγһߴɵľ޴ħá
ƶ֮ǰħǿ
һħ
Ҷȣû뵽Ҳе̣ǿħÿһӵɵʮʵ˰ɣΪɵ۾ŽΪܳΪħȵһţҿʮħӵʮɵʮʵ
ɲǼ䣬̨֮г˴Լʮ޴ħãƯϿգ֮еͳ˧Ӹ£ҶȣɭɭʵҵĶ𣿡
أܿôħãʵֻľı޷ԸҵģʮɵʮףʲôһǧǰҲҪһһ𣡡
ಣ
Ҷȳˣ
Ϊһ裬һħǰ
ħ󣡡
ħȵһţҶɱ֮ʣرð麹ʮħãħ㲽볯Ҷ趯ʼ
ꡭ
ҶȻȻ壬һˣǰһħãһѵһɹ⽣һѣͰһħ÷顣
ǵڶ
һһ߹ްϡﻩ飬ɵʮ׵ħȫҶһ
ֻҶʵʵ񡢱뺷
һֻһħãħ̬˲ˣ
ħ֮ŭ
ħȵľأʵڿȥԽԽð亹Ҷȵı뺷ڽڰˡ

һӡصħ˲ڵӿһһˣһħöʱͬħҶȱԪħ
˱ޣ
һΣھص֮ͨ£ʮħͬʱˣγһʵʵħò㣬ֱӳҶȺպɨ
ңħӵеͨڸšҶȵԪҲ˵ʩչͨǸĪԪͨ
ԪΪǿ󣬼̣ͻᱻħֱɨķ顣
Ԫ񣿾صΪȷˣħȵһˣϧ޾ҵԪ񡭡Ҳ㲻ģ
Ҷȴ˿̾ȻֱħȥħþɽӭϯʱҶͬʯڿ籩˿
꣡꣡
ħϵسҶȣҶȵԪһֱƽţûмκβֻһ΢Ԫ͵סħòй

غȻرۣ˫ֺһʮħӿΧΧһ޴ޱȵħ޻һģһ޴ħУһħᦣѪɭɭ
·ຢӣĿ
ͷŵǿħƣﵽɵ۾۷壬ɵ۾޵дڣʱħֳħᦣҶȾħֱѹ
һ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦħȥϷħħᦣسѹһ˿ҲûС
ݡ
ɹ⽣ٴᣬҶȷħڿд̹²ȱĽۣʱħײ
Ҫʤ
ʱֶĸ߲㣬ڶҶһÿӶվץ麹
һֶ۵״ӣ
һħȵ״ӣ
꣡
ﶼڹעһ̣޼ڵĳʥɽޱӡޱڵΡɱڡħɽħڵ޶ħȫ̵ܽĶݡԼľ쳡ӫӡȸӡ۳ƹӵȵȡ
Ŀһ̣
صħɹ⽣ײһ𣬾ħ򽻷棬޴ħᦣССɹ⽣֮£˲ͱ̵飬Ϊһ¡
ɹħͷųħҪҶⲻ˼ǿһϧɹ⽣Ȼֻһʹ̴޴ħ
ͣ
ɹ⽣赲һᴩصţ
أһŵķϣξͷһ·δ·ҲϣܸҵĲ
Ҷȴʱħڡа̡塢ǰչֳŴɵķ緶ȻŹأһγ޻ھ̨·
ãǺʦܰ
ֶĸ߲㣬վҶʤʾףأҲΪҶȵĳ죬ȫޡ
ֶ״ӣɣϲ㣬Ϊʤߣ
Ϸͷųһݣֱ̨λƮ£Ҷȵʤ̨֮
Ҷʩ󲽵ϽݣһʱΪ˼¼Ķһŵˡ
Χ̨ڼҽУֳʤ̨֮һʱƣԽʩչɱУҲһغϣҪ
Ҷȵϯ̨δʤӪȴҲǰʤֵӣӣ˵ͷҶת·̨Ŀ̨֮УϫöþֳܷʤǵĶ֣ǳ۷ȴҲǶ֣˶صֶΣ󣬾Ȼδʵ
Ҷ֣ϲϲ
һλʤߣλӭҶȣ㱧ȭף
ͬϲͬϲ
Ҷ΢΢ʩ
ǲʱڵţ
ţһʤߣʤ̨֮ǫǸһȣĿһУȻʸɽŵ֮УΪеĵһˣǵ֮
û뵽ֶ졭ξȻӣΪʤߣ
Ƽ¼ˣǰ죬ֹֻһΣû뵽ֶڵ֣ӸΪӮң
Ȼ䣬һЩʤƺ̨ʲô仯ϫӲʤ̨֮һʱλֶӣ֮л㼯Ϊһ۵ķ羰ߡ
Ϊ֮࣬ͬģֶֻˣʤֶֻͬʱʤ
ʦ֣ʦãϲ
˶ʱҶǰӭϫӡ
û뵽ʦһˬʵЦһսҲĵ֮ࡣ
ˣûйϣΪϫӶ˵Ц֮Уһ˿˿ʥࡣ
ʤ֮Уӣʱ֡ʥϫ
ϲңɽᣬԲ
һλʤߣʤ̨̨֮磬ٿȻʧʤ߾ôɽķǰ
󷽵ڶ֡һֵʤߣ⻷Ҷһ߲٣ΪһӪʱһǧʤߣ·ɽŴȫվ̨֮ϡ


990 ͥĽ
һǧʤߣܵ˵ĳޣҪǣԹͥĽ٣칬ִߵļ֤
һǧˣҪһǧǶô׳۵ĳ棡
ʱ˿̣Ȼص㣬޶Ѿڵ˶δ뿪Ҫʶĳ
ҶʦܡʦܡϫʦáʦãαǾǾһۣ

һۣȻã
ʱһǧʤ߷ΪĴӪħڡа̡塢ħڡа̡࣬һӪˣֻһʤߡ
޽ĵˣǶѣٸţһһ໥ʶ棬ҳֵܡ
ܳΪʤߣһ״ӡŵӣֻǳ۷ùϵɶڽţɽ綼мġ
ķӪʱ˴ǧ˵ӪҶЩʤ°ܽءԪƲȵ°ܽС
ЩȻʧܣʧߣǱͻ˼¼޹̣һһͨˣҲΪߡ
ǧˣҲõܽͥһǧ꣡
䲻һȴҲջķᣬĽĶ
һȥصĹͥУǶĴڣɽеľɱͥأֲÿһС
ʱʤ°ܽٴμ棬һЦ໹졣
ͻͻͻ
Ȼһϵķ磬ٶ
֮Уһ׷̣ͯӣΧƣ·𷨽粻һ󷨣һʵ硣
ˡӦǳԽڵĴڡ
ҶһƳ׷̣ȻܲϢȻһۣڣڵĴڡ
λδĸˣɣͥÿһᣬҲḺǼǧ꣬ڹͥУ
׷Ԧ罵٣ǰλɣֱ֮ǵףһɱÿһˡ
ľͷϴܡ
ˣһϹ֮ǬôǿʢĪǹ˵ĺԪˣ
˶߸ϵɣ𺳣Ļ֮ʱҶȴȻиϢдĦϹͥ
Ǳֲ֮ӣħаʵףֻзʽһδᣬǱۣʵ֤Լڣʹͥλȴ߿ʼ
ɶʮֻ·ѾĺӣһԱͯӣʹһƾðĺ«Уͷһ⡣
⣡
ȷ⣬˶סŷڵԣŽ·ǧڴţƬطȥ
Щģֻ΢΢㣬ģһһԼõ֮󣬿໥
ɼԦ磬˲ͷųǧ
ǧʲôǳһţòôħǵ̻ԼãͥĵǶô޷
յĶߣλӢţõ˶Գ㣬ټŰɣ
˻δӦͷһ⣬һ⣬ͷŵԣҪǿҡ
øͥҲпѹԡԦԵľܡ
ҶһĨȣԣȻͷŵֻͨԷӡҲˣǰԦԣɿôôԦˣһ޷Ĵڡ
ϹͥһԪĴڡ
ৣ
һǧʱһڴ£ڷ
ÿ˶ץסһһҲ٣һ̣ÿ϶޷εϲá
ȥ޽֮ؾΣգɱԽǿУͿԵõһȻЦ˻
֮ˣĽʺޣӶ켷

˶ȲץȡҶֻ΢΢һ֣ȡһһӣһƺӵһܵ
ʵԣԶԶƷҲ˫¹꽣ڳ˵ѾǾ䱦
˿Ҷȱָ֮С
ϫӡ󶼵õͬˣظţͬͷ
Ȼÿ˶ӵо䣬õ󴫳еġ
Ȼλõô֮Ϣ֮꣬ʹ߾ͻӸλͥУٴιλ
ˡĿ£Ʈʧڴ֮ա
ǧ֮ţҲʼɢȥعš
úúã
ҶȡϫӡӸոջصֶӪ߲㡢Ӷӵʩʺ
ȻѳΪֶӽԺܳĵӡ
ʦ㣬λˣֵռһ㣬״ռһ룬ʱӪĦˣ
˶ΧҶ˵ʱĪԿ񡢻ξ˶վǰƳһۣξ˵
ǿ֮ˣǰ֡
ĪԿʦ֣ڵݣֵ֮еԪϣû£ҲԲ֣һֵ֮ĵ֮
գƸƮ죬ĪԿһЦֻһˣ˽£ӬӪǶò֣ÿ˶Լ׷󣬵ɶһţûΰ룬õӵŽԣһ޷ԦɣͻĺҺţ֮Ȼԣǹģδ׳
ƹ֮ξͻȻ˵ˣֻ΢΢˵һ룬Įտڡ
ʦȥˣһ½פˣһĪԿת뼸λ߲㣬֮ա
ֶӣҲʼɢȥ󲿷һͬɽӪĶȥôỹδѰ
һЩ̨߲ķæ˹ͨ
ʱҶѳһɳա
ֵܣϲ
ܿ죬ɾࡢ桢ĪȻ˴һ鲻ԽΪҶȸе
ܿʥҲ̸һص
ҶȲеǣӫȸλŮ䳾Ҷȵ˻ֻǲľ۳ƹӡ
ľ۳ƹĿǰҶܱȼȻȻĳЩطᳬԽҶȥƿصһ档
ԭӫȸףҶȵģҶȻ٣ǰҲôһ£ȴҶȵĿģҪҶȻָһǧԣǲҶа㴭Ϣᡣ
ҶȰ͵ЦţŮҪⲻ֪õһָУһ㱧ԹҲûУʼڽ󷨣Ϊǧָԡ
˿̣ڴ֮ǣһɳؾ¥ڡ
ʦãʦˣĪҪ£
һһŮһ䣬Ů˿棬еһͷʮͨ
Ůӿ֨һЦҲûʲô¡ʦ֣ǵ֮ǰ˶Իܽɣվȣɽʮһ㣬ӵ޷ҡĵ̣ȻǺĵӣҪ꣬ܳΪڵǿߣڼ䣬һֱҪ޷ǿ֮£
һѿı顣
Ȼֻʦһ㽨飬ʦ־ò棬Ǽɵ͵ǼЦʦ֣ʲô㣿ʦҵطʵ
롭
Ůһڣһƶرǣûע֮


991 
ٿٿٿ
֮ǣ
ʮԵʣ䲻ħǵȴ̻ᣬ֯˿Ҳϣڽ֮Уһ԰󷨡
ԲϴҶˮӿ룬֮󣬰ټ֮УԽĶĿ
Ҷͬˮ֮еʯǰͷΪãָԣʵǼ򵥾ܼԦԾͿˡ
ͬвͬ󷨣ӡע֮ǰһһƽ֮зӡȻעУһݹȴҪȥɡ
ҶȾʯһӡԿ
ˣʮõһǧӵ֮һɾ֪ʲôʱڽ󷨣Ҷǰץһӡ
ӡ֮УƯ
ҶͷĿ⣬֮УͷԣѰҳһ봢䣬ʵЩǵģˣ⼸ʮ꣬ʲô
ɾ֮˲̻ᡢ̷ܶɵҲһһ뿪ȻĪȻ˶ȥˣʱɽ磡
ڴҶõǸԼȥеʱˡ
ҶüңһЦݣԷģģѾλԼȥҶֿɾʵˣ֮ԭںϿнչ
ΪԪҪѣҼôɳԪ֮Ԫ֮⣬ſǿǼʾԪ֮ﵽڣұҪȥ޽֮أУԪɱ
Ҷһʣɾͼϸأ岻Ҷȡ
ԪȷһҲһż߹ûԪ֮޷УɣɳҾ;ãӿУȰ֮ԭƳɱ֮ԭɳǲȱɳҲƵôɳԪ֮
л˳ȫ
ɾ߻һǳǿĵˣ޼ʯΪ޼֮ѹκ˵޼֮Ԫ֮һЩ֮ͬϣڽǿʱԳ䲻⣬ΪɱУɱ˴ˣ
ɾһѹ
ҶȵͷˣĻǲð亹ǵģѹͻȻУﵽһ޵״̬һ룬͵ڽһȫ״̬նɱԪ֮ѹӿ֮󣬶봳֮ԭȡɳȥ֮ȫΪ绯ĸʬһ£Ԫ֮ǳԽ޼֮ģ
޼֮ˣԸ£ǿǺηɾȻ֮䣬ͫȼɱ
ΪǬԪĴڣ˵ϹͥҪ£ˣȥɣʲôҪҪʱңҶ˵꣬˫ۣԪһ֮С
ɾɱһϵɱȥ
Ǻܳʱȥ˵ֻڻָԵҶȣֻһͷѡ
ģɣ
ȻҶȴͷԵ״̬۾Ҳһʱֹͣԣӡ䣬ͷһӡעڽ硣
ৡ
һλ۹ͷ꣬شӽһ˫һƵĳۣһɫ£ַַǰָͬոմ佲ⷨĸɮ
ǣʥģ
վһո֬˺֮УֻҪһۣܿ
ɱ䣬ʵɱ䣡
ǰʥģֻһʿһ׷Уûҡˣڣ·ҵԼġ
Ĺ⻷֮Сķ򣬲˳ף־ᶨƮ׵
Ҷ۾һʵģƽַ𾭵ܣǲ֮ǰ˵ġ𡯣
ԭַʲôûУֻм䡮󱯴䡯غԶŷ𡯵ܣ䣬ɢŲٵĴ󱯴䣬ҪȥѰңҪҵļַ𷨣
ʥƽ˵󱯴䣬УҪȥĴ󱯣ʹʹ飬ļ࣬ҵԴȻſ֪ķ
ȥļࣿѰҸԴ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷƺ÷𷨵ĴڣȷǳԽκʿ׷Ĳ˾η
ʥĺȻҶȹʩ񣺡ӴҾҪȥߣһȥǧ磬磬λ棬Ȼɽ磬磬Ҳ֤аӵΪ𷨲˵ˣΪ¯𷨵ıʣ
ȥɣҶر˫ۣеˣ͸Լ·Ҫȥߣ޷ңΪÿһ·תǣзֲ档
Ϊͬžʡ
ȥһ£ţһ죬ǻԲͬзʽվе۷壬ǣ
ʥתȥ
ಡಡ
˿̣ӽһİӰʥĸպӫȸӡ
øĵ塭ʿ
ӫӴδʥģӦǴδڵʿʥλӣ΢΢ףʧڽ
ʦ㡢ӣãЩպɣ
Ҷӭӫȸӣץһӡ
ӫҲץסӡۣóһӦһպٶȵͦ졭
ʦܣڿɽˣ⼸ʮͬţѾϫʦáʦΪֶţڴʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦˣλͣţиǣӴԺֶţȸӺȻһֶֻԵӡ
ţ
⵹ҶȾզ
ȸЦͣ˲ӫӣǵģˣڴôۣ£ΪŴ޿ɺǣʦ㡢ʦ֣ڸִ󳡺ϣųΪžţͬͬ
ȻţΪѩһǿĴڣҫ
ӫҲʾףأϲнҶĳɾͻߣǶţУһպã
ģҲԼԿģҶڨڨЦ⵹ȸϰߣȴӫӸоʶҶƵġ
ǾȸǣˣЩʱҪ̤ϹͥһǰҪԹͥú˽һ
ӫ˵ȸ뿪˽硣
ŵӣѩ𣬶ôĸ߸ϣ½·תҵΪš
ԳҶȲûиˣʵ޷볬۵ȣʲôȡӣܵ£
ŵӣεҫһСģβ죬֪αڰƣ
ʦξѩĲϣѩ֯ѩҲԼⲻÿӣ
ˣҶӦǸˣ԰ϸһ룬֪ˮж׳Ϊʸ֮ġ


992 ɽ
֮ǣֶӪ
Ҷɾꡢࡢ˸֮˲߷գǰһԿֶ߲㣬ڹۻᡣ
תһֳֶϴڡ
ɽ壬ɽķǿϢڱ
ĪȻȥСΪߡšں³Ҳ֪ںδСġ
Ȼ֮ɫҶüңȻɽ磬Ϊ¶į
ģˣԼͻ֮·ɵףüҪͻƣι֮ͥУͻɵסҲ⡭
ͥص磬Ҫչǰǰ䣬Ǹصġĩ壬۵ĹȥϹͥǾźεȵܣ
ɽ绹Ϲͥĸִ⣬˶Ϲͥ˿Ҷȷǳڴι֮ͥУ˵ڹͥӦĴڡ
ಡ
֮Ҷһ㻯һ⣬빬
Ҷʦܣ
ֶӣҶ˲£׷ÿʩ֮д𾴡Ľ
ŵӣ
ǺεȵʹҶȱںȴ֮Уһͬţ뵽ֶʱ̣ǧ꣬ɰĵӣһ´񷣬Ϊֶ˾ηĵӡ
ҲΪɽ˷۵֮ӡ
˶ͷ߲Ҳӭ
ʦܣʱ򣡡
֮ϣʮλŮӣΪϫӣδأҶȻһ˶ÿһƬλ
ˣ
ȻʮӰԭֵӣΪ䣬ûӵݣҲɽҼԽ˽ֵ
Ҷϫӡһһʩɽ֮ǰ˲Ǵ֮󣬷·ͳΪͬһӪʱʱΪ˹ϵΪء
λλŵӣȥϹͥʱ̣ŵĽΪ´󹦣
˱Χţʱξ񡢻ĪԿȸ߲㣬ӹ߳еͬʱ߲ʩ
ҪȥϹͥҲܶϹͥʲô˽⣬Ҿ͸˵һ˵ҪȥĵطΪͥ
ξΪʦ㣬һ˵̰Ϲͥɽ޽֮֮䴴ɽ磬Ϊɽɽ硯ɽ硯ɽ硯ɽ֮УְͥͥһͥͥɽƣһרΪɽٳɽ磡
أ
أ

һİϤ֣һʱ֮䣬Ϊ֮һЩڹż֮У޷ģֻгۣʸ֪ϹͥĴڣΪϹͥһɵ̤ĵط
Ԫɽ磬Ϲͥһ϶ɽ硣
Ϲͥɽ磬ءءϹ鼮֮УйأǶϹɽΪǿɽ硣
û뵽Ԫܴ
޷ĥϹ屦
ϹͥȻǿ󣬹ֲõ壬Կۣھɽ޽֮֮佨ɽ磬Ҫõʱ⡢õ̲ģ統Ĵ˹޽֮ؽһ
Ҷִξ˵Щܣ޷֪
ҲǾɽ磬ʲôܶǿߣھɽ罨ɽ硭Ҫǵǣͥɽ磬Ǵھɽ޽֮֮䣬Ҳ˵ɽǽ޽֮رԵģɽ޴ӵĹˡǿߣʵҪ֪ͥǿ󣬺ܼ򵥣֪칬ǿɣͥȻ칬ȼΪɽǿ֤Ǵȥͥ䲻Ĺͥɽ磬ҲĹϱ̺У
ΪϹţϹԪչĵ̣ʵ¼Ԫ൮ĵǴϹŷоģǵȱҲǴϹŴѰģζʲôӦúͥʹڣɽͳǽȥͥһζҵûᣡ
ֶʦ㣬磬ѹȫÿһ֣ͬÿԪ𵴡
ʵ
ÿͥܵĵӣ
ξǰһտ̧ͷգˣӻȥ׼̻عţˣȥϿգ󲿷Ŷѵˣ
ʦ㣬λʦ֣ʦãʦܣǧټ
Ҷȡϫӡ˹񣬹תȥͬžۼһĿ˷ƺ
ʱ˿̣֮ǵϿգһ콵٣ٹڼ¼һţǧ֮ţۼһֻݡ
Ϣһһ㣬֮ȫһ
Ҷ˵뼸ţһһ棬Ȼͥʹߣҵˣʼ¼˲ݣ
Լæ˰죬ŵӵ룬Χǿߣ׷ֳĿ͸Źͥʹߣ뷨硣
磬ѵȻһĵز
ǧӽ뷨磬һʱ䣬͸оһİ磬ҽȫûв࣬òţ𺳾Ǳס޷һ˿ߣ
µķ磡
λѣȥֻͥҪȥ֮ǰҪһͥ
·״̬ȫ롣
һˣһػƵ£һͥʹӪǰǰһһɢ
ǧţ˲ž
֮ͥΪޣΪǹͥȴǵĹȥǵ棬ҲϸԪǾ뿪ĺӣһֱƯԲŻ֣
ƽ˵ţɽţû˿ĶɫͥҲ£һλͽӣǽͥ뿪Ҹ𣬴Ҳ̫н޵֮ˣǹͥٿǣ
ǣʦֿˣ
Զԣ
Ŷʱʾ
ͺãҾѣþнҼ˵˵ͥҵʦͥƿ֮һͥϹŴܣֵɵĴڣھɽ޽֮֮䣬λڵĸ߶ȣɽֻ࣬ʣϹ֮ɽ磬򼸺Ϲ
ŲűʾҲȻ࣬ʹߣҲ΢ЦϤɽ磬ǵĹͥȴȻΪˣУ¶ޣеȻĸԪܶѣѿ㣬ȥͥһµʶɽ緱٣ͥҲǲϧһУóԴλ
ʦ֣ˣӸո˵꣬ȻּӰǷƿߡ
ǴŸλѣȥ֮ͥΪҽ⣬Ȼý⣬Ҳף
˱ȭ¡ʩλ֮ͥУһǸλкۼ֮УΪԻ͵һΣ
ͥ
Ӷ̶һ仰ͰЩžͶԹͥڸǺ޲Ͻͥ

ʱһˣͷųͬٷ

һ̣·ڼٵƮ֮С


993 ͻأ
Ʈƣ
ҶȡϫӡΪһСӪʱо޷վȣЩѣΣΧޱ仯Կ϶ԳԽɵۣȳ֮ϵٶȣڲ˼鴩š
һ
Ųε
ڶ
ֲǰԵ

ͻȻоʲôʧˣ
ûƮҡ̤ʵĴУǼ𣬲ûɽ֮⣬޴ʱ֮С
޽֮أ
һҰĹâӷϿ͸ɲǣеţǵҰâȥŶʱƿڶ
֮Щʶţ˾̾ΪϿǻɫâԴͷһƬߵĻɫǿ硣
޽֮أ
˭Ϥûȥɽ֮ϵ޽֮أҲȥɽ뷲޽֮أԼƬɫǿ磬𺳡
յ޽֮أʲôûУûʯûд½ҪǣûࡢһƬ
Ľأľ硣
Ҳ벻ٹ޽֮أ޽֮أλ֮УӦв٣֪޽֮صĿֻ֮гۣܳʱ޽֮ͣΪ޽֮ûжȻɵ޷ã޽ֻ֮бĿͬ÷ø
ǣ
䣬ǰɽ֮УȻһ޴磬һӴĴ½
һɽ硣
ǺǣǰͥǵĿĵأ̤볬ۣۼءءɽ磬׼ͥ
ӵһЦתһʹߣͷʾ⡣
ͥ
ϫӿֿҶȡӣÿ˶ͥʦ֣ȻǴ˵еĴڣɽ޽֮أ㲻֮ͬԷһУʱᱬͥȻֶΣӪһͥ
Ҳǹͥ޽֮صҲ˵ص˵ɫƽ
һԵӣĺߵǽȥ͵ˣ
ಡ
ո˵꣬Ȼ֮䣬ƯƸоٴγ֣һΣȴʮʵҲǿУֻһ˾ȻһƵƺ֮ϡ
ԽգӾɽһ¾ͽͥ
ţ۾̾Ϣͥôˣǧˣٶ˵ľˡ
⣡
ɽӵʵ
ǣҸоܵѹȣʲô£˵˵
ſʼۡͥĸܣһ仰˶ɡӶơ

ȻܵȻѹȣоӰɽ絽˾ɽ磬Ȼܵؿռѹȣɢü٣ĸɣھɽ֮һ
Ҳ˵ɽ磬ǵΪҪѹ֮һ
ֻգ۹ǾͲ𾪣⣬ָɽѹȣид
ӭͥȾɽҪ߳һ֣ȴֱ޽ܴ֮һأǸλȫӦҲʵ֮һ֮Իͥھɽ޽֮֮䣬ʵһԭ򣬾Ǳ޲ʱʱ̿ܵѹȣУӦ޽֮أ
ӴʱŹͥʹߣѷգ漴͵ɽԶﾺʤ̭ǿֺ㣿ϹŵĻѧʱʱ̸̿ܵɽĲпᣡ

Ȼһϵ硣
Ȼƺ·ǿзֿ¶ͥòǧţʱ¶ɵɫ
ǰ·ǹϵĽһɽεض𣬶ޣ½ߣǵϢﵽɵ۷塣
߳ЩǹޣҲйޣǴӲཻ֮ϣǺúͨԼʵһ·Щޣҿǰɽͥ
˼ǵУҪʼ
ڶģһλŴʵ
ӵͷٴϸͣǵģھͿʼͨͥǳңԶ֮УõϹڻ󣬲ͿͥķУҲѹƣлзǳصϹҿԱ֤Ǵˣ֮Уۣ
Ŷ˶ٱɻ
εɵ۴ԲͻƳۣһЦţΪѰҽ۵Դ
һҪԴġ
أλѣҷģǲȡģҪõͱǣȥɣ
ɻ֮ʣһƺͻȻ½أ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͳڹϴϿա
ÿһƬɭ֡ÿһֲʯŹµϢһϢ
໡
һȺ޴ĹޣƺŵϢ˷ǧűо޴ţߴʮɣҲײеȺӸֻӿ
ಣ
ǧһʱȫͥڵɽ
ѹȣã
ҶʱΪһӰ֣һƬϵ֮У£ֲҶ֮ǰδʶġ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȾͳ֮⣬ͥҶѹȣȻ޴棬ʩչ񷷨̫һȻ˲ϰͥ㡣
࣬Ҵ뱾أ
¡
ֺͻȻ䶯һ޵ȻֺٿȻشһӰһĵߣͷ֮⣬˻˻ţ̰ضҶȡ
һ޴ܳҶŵ˺һһߵĴ󲿷ӣֺ֪ж޴ֻǳֵͷ֣ˮͰִһ
һߡ
ƺɽڵ֣һһУͱϢԵ
ţź⣺࣬ϧ޷ɱ㣬һܣĥǧʱ䣬Ĺȥ治ףΪͥҪںЩϣ
ҶȴķߣҲϹɣ
ٺ٣вγɵٹҳԵò࣬мӣϧòСǣҺúýѵ࣡
ߺȻǰߺһ
ͻͻͻ
һɳߣаˮͰִ󣬲ϴ֮зſݣҶ
û뵽ЩСɵ۰˾ŽΪ
ҶȻһץһɹ˲ǰպʮ
飡
ߣײ˿޷ɹķײ˶֮С
࣬㵹ͦӡ
߶ˣ
һ׳֮кɨվͳҶȶݺݵײɹϡ
¡
ɹҶͬʱײʮף
ٿ
δ
ʵڽƻƺҲҶкǿʵͻȻͷʹҶȺ󷽵֮ͻأܳŴͳҶҧҪ̵Ҷȡ
һţ
Ҷת׺ߣŶ͵һߡ
񣡣
Ҷȵһֻţİߵͷ߶ŭˣݷ϶һɫҺ
꣡
ҺոΧ֮ϣʱʴøɸɾƬҺҶӭҶȿû·ȴ׵ƾʧ


994 
ֹ˰ɣ
ƾʧҶȣһ̤һŸպ̤ͷ­֮ϡ
ȥ٣ͻȻɱһǹҶȵʵ
࡭
߸û뵽һС࣬ͥˣ˹ͨϹ壬βͻȻͬЫӰβҶȺɨ
ͣ
ǲײĲᣡ
һɹ⽣ӰһûҶȳ֣ɹ⽣˲βޱȣ͸β͸նϡ
ɶ೤βѷˣβһ˻֮С
ʹֱУţವһ£ٸҧҶСӣҪɱ㣡
²ǣðɣ˵㣬Ҿʹķڷ𣡡
ҶȻͨж٣
ҶԼͥҶǲⱩ¶ԼϢһͷųͷ֮磬ѪȡĴӡ֮С
ɲǼ䣡
꣡
춾棬ûҧӰհסߣȼ
ǼӲʱ޷κ˺ֹ˼߾һ֮С
䣡
סߣ֮УȻʹķ壬ƺַʽⶾÿһηײþɽҡΣ𶯣ȼգ
Ҷⷽʽɣַʽѹ쿪
ҶԾ±ͻĸ֮ϣ£еȴͶʱҶѸӦϢΧ֣ϧ޷һʱϵɽͥ
ˣҷˣɢĶ𣡡
棬ҶȻδüӦһϢһ޴棬ʹʹ෭ڳ
ţ޴ˣûһλ꣬һͷɫ欵ĳ߻ûΣȻΧţͰ͵ա
ҶȵǺ⣬ۣµĴڣȻı䶾Ҳɵ޷мܵġ
֣Ҷͬвǻٹҽ
ֻöٹҪȽ죡סʹ࣬Ҷǰ޼ɵͷųöɫÿһĪԼȭͷСһЩ
һöٹҶ֮ϣʼӦٹϢȻһһ봢䣬꣬۾ֱˣôۡ
Ҷ˺ô֣ϵĶ̼ţҶЦȻϹٹ̺֮ʮֵľǧУĹ
Ϲ޴ƣоӵ
ʶҶʵ֪ҶȸδʩչʵòҶǰʵʵΨΨŵŵ
ܺãʵˣҪˣϹ壬һ֪ܳɡ롮Ǭ
Ҷһ䣬ޱߣûᣬҪ֪䣬һǺɣһɵǿУǬ
ǬϹͥˣҲһΪ˻ָʵϹ֮ͥг֡
ûУţӦǹˣϧֻͥϹͥءءɽ磬ͥﵽΪ뿪ӦĹ֮ͥУ
꣬һҡͷ
Ŷ
ʱҶüһĨ㵡
ͬΪϹͥĴڣȻһ֮ͥҪﵽۣȥɽͥš
Ҷ˼⣬껳Ȼ΢΢Ѱѱｻ㣬ڿԷŹ˰ɣ
ôŹ㣿
ҶĿٿȻһݣϣһ԰ףӦöΧʮ˽ɣ
ȻеĵطҲδȥ·оԼ
ҶȺò˵ҪϹ鱦ıﶼԣֻҪ󾫲ֻ࣬ҪܰҵõҿԿǷһЩ㣬Ǻѣ
ģ
С屾ǽƻҶôһǿߣǺǷƣ
ͥҶȲɱҲȥɱҶȣʹϷܵǿƲá
Ҷȸֶö֮ĳϵȻģҲǹͥˣݣԼңȻǹ޲ɱңȴй޶ͷſ£
ãһΪ
갵ЦҶȿʼһͼǳһβһһΪϴݡıϹŴһβӵСʯıһһֱûм¼ƬݣϹŵڣδֹõһ꣬Ѿۣ
βǳۣ㲻˵ۣ뿪ͥ𣿡
Ҷϸϸ룬Ȼʡ
꼫ΪΣҲ˸һɻ󣬽͵˵ֻͥأеĹޣ㣬ۣҲֻеĹޣΪǿߣ뿪Ҳۣ̽뿪ģʵǹͥʿ֮УȻɱ¾
ܺãܺãҶҶȤȥҶ˲
ǳۣͬΪ
꣬ƺڵҶΪйصģǲɱˣǹ֮䣬ȴǿ໥ɱ¾
ԣ߲ȥ
ģҲ뱻衢ѹкܶ෨ƷۣԸ⣡
ɱСһɫɱɣٶȺˣʵ̫ǿ󣬾ͥʿҲͥĸ߲㣬ʿк֪Ҫ
ٺ٣Ҿϲֶ֣㲻ó֣͵͵ҳֱǣ߰ɣ
Ҷ˲ӥץСһѾ꣬˭뵽Ҷ꣬Ȼ֮ǰͷײеߡ
꣡
һƷʱա
۶˾ͳһɽӵĹɽǰ
ĵҿɲ̤ءɽ·һ߶˵
ҶȵһЦ˶ߡ
ȻһǿϢڣڳۡǿֶ֣ҽ֣֪ҶݣǺεȱ
ߣҶȾŵһǣϢ֮УҶȸܵ۵Ϣϸϸһ룬ҲǶϲԼϢ֮⣬ʾκζﶼܴء

ҶͷһӦԼҶȾͷһߣ֮󣬲ŷֶߣǾ޴ɽ֮£ڳĵͨ
һӣȻһ΢⣬Ҷ̧ͷһԭһȺɽֲ︲ǵĵɽȣϹŵ룬һɫʯĵع
ǵع֮Уһĺڲϵͷš

ͳһϢҲǳۣʵӦôﵽԲ֮䣬˵ĲǸߵʵǿ󣬿ϧ޷лҶͣգС


995 Ϸˣ
ǵع֮еϢ̫죡
Ҷ˲δóȻǰϸϸ׽Χ֮󣬲ŻعԾһž޴Ҷ֮ϣֺعǰ
ΧʪƣֲѵعӵعǾϸɣһɡ

һ΢΢ˣŵݵӵع֮дعɽΨһ
ĺ
ȻϹŹޣͬһƬȻռ䣬Ԥͷʵ
Ҷһβ׽Ϣ֮󣬱ʩչԪعΧһ⻬ʯûκװͼڣռԽԽ󣬺ܿһտĴȻҶǰֻһͷ׳ɫᣬſһ̳֮ϣڶһˮУֵһҶݻ
ˮزҹһʮء΢΢͸ʯ飬Ҷ棡
ÿһκҶΧ֮󣬱ɫƤʱǳ
ԭһɫᡭ
ҶڿУϸϸһˮأ˲䱻Ҷݡƺûжǿ
ܲ⣿ҶȸӦʹŴͬҲ˵ҶݣϹű
ֻܵõоڲͬõҪƷ

ҶҡҡͷϾͷͷ治֪к֮ͨϹŹޣôǿһ𳬼ۡ
ۺأͷʵӦóԽڣﵽԲ֮䡣
ĿǰɵĽΪպÿڶұȫ״̬£ͥǱʵôͥͺ壬˵¶Լ
˼ǰǰͷᣬ治öԸȫʤʵѹֻ͵͵ȥԸ
ɱֻΪȡıҶĿģɱֲ
ȻöԸа취㣬̫ͣ
Ҷƺ˰취һع֮⣬ɽ֮У룬һͻΪһ壬𽥱ʵȻעһԪС
ôɣΧ룬ȻҶȱڨڨһЦڸ
ˣ
ǸոǱ࣬عշӡһʱ䣬ضʧˡ
ˣ
֮УҶȸоֻ˲䣬һͬķʽ뿪ع磬ֻǣȻ޷ķʽڡ
񣡡
ͻȻ뱾ҶȣѰ֮ʱһǼѹĿռص֮ϡ

εɨףȻմһּ˲顣
ûˣ
һжѣ֪ʲôҶôƾһУó飡
ͻȻһ׳ɫӰڰգӰ𽥱ʵǵع֮еſգܣɶ񣬾Ȼˣˣ֪㻹ڣ࣬Ҳɱ㣬ұƼˣ
й̫Ͼ壬ֻ֣Ȼ󡭡Ҷ룬̴߶һ
ಡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ֮İգ²·˵ضѣ¹ȥ
ߣЩˣͥȥȥĵطǽѵ治֪ͥ
񱩲ѣȫѰᣬӵ侲ɱͷԣ׾޴Ȼˡ
һȻʧӰ٣·Ҳӵдǧͼ־׵ıȥ硣
ţ
Ҷһʱͨһһէһ֣ٿҲһ˿ȫûС
ٿ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ࣬ͻȻӿһ֮УȻһ͸צֱӳҶʮ⣬һצץ
񣡡
ֱֱͻȻϢҶɫ˲䣬צ˲ץҶȷ֮ϣ÷ʧҶԵһԶ
࣬ʵԭǿûɵۣܿⳬ۵Ĵڣɵ֮У
ΧȻգ֮
þûָоˡ
ҶȻվһ޷ƣ˲䣬ס۵ĹҶе濹ⳬʵ
˲ͻָò࣬Ҫһʱ䣬ҶתΧյһƬɵüͷһ麹һѲĶ֣ҺڣҪڣҷҪŰһ١ⲻǿռͨռû˿ĶʹõҡʵǰֻıɫΧΪͬɫ޷ֱģ
ӲסһУҶ˲һ֮УٹܣȻպ̴߶Ԫ
ֻǿԪ񣬲ܲ׽Ĵڡ

Ԫһ̣ʼеӿҶ÷âɣȻҷӭȻĴ죬ҧһֱſߣıɫѡ
ٿ
˷Ĵ֮£Ҷ˲ʧˡ
¡
һڣͰҶڵĿռ䣬ҧ÷飬ҧҶϣκη¶мܣ
ɶ񡭡ӣ
һδԵҶȵת֮ʣ׾޴ݵ߼һҧ
һҧҶȴ֮Уһ

˭֪ȻͷӦԭһ𣬾ͶŸոߵҶȣһϯ
ƣ
òҶٶȼüͷһ壬һץһɹ⣬ͬˮͻͻͷŶȥ
¡
顢𶯣ǳ۵ĵֿκһν棬κɵ䣬ҶͻȻЦһʩչԪ
ܱɫҲӵ޵Ŀռͨ
ʩչԪҶȱʧڿУϢһֿʼֻϧ޷Ҷȴڡ
ɹ⽣
Ҷȿ㣬ͻȻԱߣָһһɹ⽣ݵش򦡣
ͣ
޷׽Ҷȴڣֱɹ⽣򦣬͵ذϧɹ⽣һѪۣһѪ
ˡ
ľѪ
񣬵Ծϧ޷оҶȴڣҶѾѪǰץסξѪȻͷһ籼ȥ
ܣ
ȻܲҶȴڣǸܵõģǳۣҶȥһŭ׷ɱȥ
ٺ٣Ҷҵˣ
࣬ǶֻҪһŭһ嶯޷侲һ𳬼ۣȻɵǰˣ˵ܴ裬̳ȥķ򣬼׷ȥ
ɽȣں¡¡ͣ
ﾪɶ
Һǹޣ࣬ô׾ϵƭǽ̤ڣôһͨ϶Ϊһ֣ͥʵȷ޷󣡡
Ҷݡ㵽ʲô
ҶĿȥ֪ʱ䲻תعһõɽδйҶݡ


996 ̤ɵ
ಡ
һһۣҶȾʹɽȷع֮Уһ̤룬˲ϢˮϿգ
·ˮأصҶݣ
Щ
ˮ֮УƯźһⲻǼ򵥵İһֱյҶ̻һץں̫һҶɫһǡصϢ̺صֲǿ
öͳͳ룡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͷѺһƬڣӡȻҶݣһ˿ͷų
ҲϢƺ壬ʯԭҶһǿҶ֮󣬱ӦҶݵϢͷ·ʯͷ
򵥣
ǳ򵥣óҶʯŻ
˵ɽ粻Ҷݣֻ˵һ⣬Ҷݵĳ֣ʯиϵ
˲֣ҶȾͰҶģɹժȡȻʯͨһЩ̦Ȼͷһʯ֮΢΢
꣡
һʯ㱻иû֮ҶͷغСжΣһɶߵʯгֻа׸ߡ
ڣ
¶һƴθİʯͷ
ţϢǣ
Ҷȵһ۾ΰʯͷϣδȥץͨӦӦʯͷϢʶҷǳϤ
ϢȻӵǼָڵϢһʯͷĪ֮
·˲Ӿͱ䡢ֱһ㣬û뵽ͥƷԭþҪȥѰҴǧͼ֮ǰҲͨõϢʯͷ
Īһڤڤ֮עģ
䡭
⶯֮ʣӵع֮⣬һضɽҡȻǿռ˺֮ƺо޴ع
ôͻˡߣ
ҶȹץסʯͷʩչԪ৵ʧڵع֮У
֮
֮ңֺ֮ϣŵɪɪ·Ҳ֪ڷŭˡ
Ҷݣָ㣬ȥɣ
ҶͻȻֳŵֱ£Ҷ׸Ҷݣתƾվʹȥʧ
žϲɵ̻Ϊ֮壬ûչֳĳ뻯
Ǽ֮һɽ֮ϣҶȴɽۣ̯֮ƣǿʯͷ֡
⵽ʲô
Ҷɻ󲻽⣬ҶݣʯͷӵгһγȻ
ʿ֮ģ
ĬһҶȻһͷˮҶȵڣ纺˿
̴ϲ纺һֱھںǣк֮ģʶ³˳ħȣ˶޷ȼҶȺʵ纣֮ģкιϵ
纺壬ʵҲʣһʲͬǣˣʣһķߡߡͨߣǺܸĴڣᵮһ壬˲˼飡
ɣ
һ壬ʣ
Ҷͷˣţʵڲš
ʣֻ£ŻᵮˣߣΪԪֻƴǧͼߣΪߡ
Ҳһ壬ôǿһưɽ壿
ֵʱ䣬޷֤ϾÿһμԪʧܶҵڣû֪ڹٸԪȽ϶ǣϵ֮һ
纺ͬĺ̹ɣˮ֮Уʣ壬ΪΪ壬ÿһ֮ģеʯͷӦһʿµģϧѾ绯Ϣǿϸϸһ£ʲôص㣡
һʯ֮УС͵࣬ںϣһСĸ࣡
ϸϸһҶȲž㵵ط֣ʯڣС࣬Ȼѷ绯ǻɼ·
֮ӵеԽ࣬Խǿ󣬳ʱһֻһŴ࣬ŲУɳ֮ľͻһţӵоſľģ֮ʲôֻмʿ֪纺˵
ô࡭ģ
Ҷϸϸţ֪岿ϢԽԽǿôдɴ۵Смࣿ
̫ˣһ桭ģһں֮УȥѰҴǧͼǿԸƭأ
룬Ҷһͥ˸ܵϢصʮأȻ֮С
ռ䣡
ҶȽ֮ͷȿ˿顢ʥȾб仯Ҳ˿ū״̬纺һ󣬱̳ʼںһ˿
һںϣҶȵڣӵϢôȥѰҴǧͼİ
͵ԼҵĶ͵Ҷȴô죡
ͣ
һƣҶȾģŷĩἸξѪںϷĩ֮УѪ֮С

ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ͸оԼڣƮһͬůϯͷָֺϵ㼯
Ȼǿᣬʮ⡣
˲䣬ҶȸоԼĹѪϸһԶնӿȥ
·Ҫڻһ㣡
ڻ֮УҶЩ˯ȥһ˯˯״̬ƺ˯һȴָоţġ
ˣ
ůҶƮƮʱȫ֮ϡ
ž
һ̣Ȼҵ飡
ݡݣ
ͬʱƽ֮ҶΧƣëסë֮ӿ˲γƽٻ棡
Ȼں֮Ĳں״̬УȻͻɵĽףɵף
ľʹҶȺȻԪϸһȫ顣
״̬̫ûг֣ɵۣйȫ飬û뵽һں֮Ĳͻ˱仯
ӹʼ飬Ȼ·Ϊ࣬⻷Եں£֮ƺϵȼգγΡ
һ̫һʱҲ޷ȥƣ顢黹ڽ֮УҶֻܵͻ֮󣬲ܿʼ仯
֮ģͻɵףҵʵӦÿսκڳۣ潻֣Ҳÿܣ
ɵ飬Ҷ¶ЦݣϴõԴεõ֮ġԴںϣ䱦Ҫڵ֮ϣһںϾԴұӵƿɽ籾ԴСǧɽ˭ҵĲ
Դ
Ҷһֱδõܱأ
ں֮ĵҶиӦкܴ仯ںϾԴҶȲͻƳۣͿڳ
ȻԴãԶֹˡ
Դɽľ
ɽľкεȵ
̶ֻ֥СľԴҶϣͻᷢӳãǱһ˵õôǺֻܴþԴһĿռͨѡ


997 Σտ
ھ֮Уʱ壡
ΪҶȣʼ飬Ƴ澪㤷ë಻ϵȻðݣɳҶȡ
һ̣Ҷ̴߶ΪɫۣƤƣδԱ仯ʤƽ
˿Ҷȱ̳գ̼֮ʱһɫ͹ĹĵĳֳԼ΢΢ƵʥɫѪҺھ֮оʣѭ
ÿһѪҺѭǴˮǴأʴѪҺϸ֮УҲǿʢԴԴϵоǸĵĴء
ûб仯ҵ١Ѫһεɱ䣬Ȼ仯ȴӵһҪ
֮ʵû֮еɱ䣬ļϽɵףʵһ˶ѣ仯֮Զش߶Ѫϵ׳
ʱʱ̣̿ڳ˯ҲԶ
޷漣
İ磬˯ǲϵ˶봴죡
Ҳ˵֮Уﵽ˶״̬ſԲԣ˱˯Եٺã˯㣬Ҳûȵĳ
ʿϵУΪΣ
ͨУ׳Լǿϸϸ೤մﵽ
ɵۣǳģ
ֳʵһֶսη壬Э
ĳеɵۣɵ۱ʧȥ֮ģɰӣţҲľֹͣУǵҲʧȥֻбһֲ״̬ԭ̤Ҳ
νĳк壿
ʱҶ״̬;˵Ĵﵽһ֣УԶ״̬
Ҳ˵ҶաĻţ̻صءɽ磬ֻ꣬ҪһԪҲ⣡
ҶȲƽˣ
ϧĲ֪ĸԪģʧץסһ˿˿仯ʿҶ޷ȼģ
һ塣
ڣޡ
漣
֮ΪĴڣڹ֮С
֪ɴ۵ǸС࣬ǼϵģϣҪԽ󣡡
һ˿˿Լѱ䣿οһʿҶȿɲʧȥǧͼõɽﶼȥã濹ڡڸ֣ҲõģӮܿܰɣ
ҶȺҪԿڣɽݺᣬǳ˵Σ
һõǧͼӵǿ߶ͷ۵Ļ
ɽ罻ᡭ״ӡ񡭡ֱͥǰ̣ڻڵĳɾͣͥҺòװ׵õһôưոݣ
建ƽʱ˿̣ҶԺ໭棬ӵֶ죬;һδεСִ񡢼գֻڳΪ״ӣɽ£ӵǿʵ
ͳͳ֤ÿһѡ񣬶ȷġ
ҵļ֣ĵȹ̣û沨ܵ׹Ӱ죬ǣΨңһ·߸迭ճΪɽţֶš
ˣÿһεȷѡǿ͵ǰĳɾͣ
˵һӵеϴݣβʯϴʯѵõϹһҪõ
˲վͻɵףɱ䣬Ҷȸо״̬Ȼ¶̰ڨڨЦݣͥȻʥأرҵĻһ˵õģôȻǻͲܷŹ
ಣ
Ҷ纺һ䣬ʧھ䡣
ããϵ磬һƬɫֲƬ·γɵʯ֣ʯ·壬ͻأذεضڰգһ
ʮ׳˶¶Ұ׹⡢ɱڵֳַ󵶣ػΧ
ʥ
֮ϣɭɭĴ֡
ߣΧԲΪǿĵ
λ֣Ϊıȡλϴݣ
˿̣ʥ֮УһĿնŪô̻Իͣն֮жȻʯֻмڵȼš
ն֮УвʮޣϷһɫ۵꣬λͬһǳ˵һһƤţ˿ڣΪ͹ǣǵбķ
£͸ŷ޼᲻ݣ
Ȼɽδйģ棬ɽ磬ޣȫΪ࣬ȴųԼһߵ
˵꣬壬ӴƤȻɫǵҶȵҶݵ
ˣķ
Щǲͣȥʲôǲ֪ϴݣֵܵϱҶݸֵУǲſϴݵȴ˵һɵ࣬ͶҶݣⲻ˵Ϲ𣿡һֿ˵
ϹӣҲЦһ
Ƚ͵λֵܣƭǣǸ࣬ʵ̫ǿʵҵĶ֣ǴֶصĽĿ꣬ҪõҵҶݣλֵϴݣԼβʯ
֣ļ̫ͼ˰ɣһмĵ
λֵܣ֪߾ɣ
֪һͷСС߶ѣΪһС

֮䣬ݺݵĺȵһ֮󣬺ȻɳҶŰꡣ
һ顢һ飬߲ߣһͱסæ£ģŹСģС֪ˣ
üͷһ壬һаа꣺ѽ߾СôˣҲ죬Ҫץ㣬ҲҪƷһۣ
λһ࣬ͻȻɱҵأȡҵٹȻСģ˵ĵ˰Ѵ˵Ҷݶߣָңŵɪɪ
Ŷ
ԶһۣȻţ߾֪
һȻһ֣ôץס꣬׵֮УɭɭʵɲҪƭˣô£
ǸõλıСĴ·Ȼ͡Ͷȡ˵Ҷ
䣡
껹δ˵꣬ӾͻȻը
ΪһƬѪĭֻĿ֣ȻذǳĴַ
ʲôûʣ£ֻһѪĭ
˿ûգۣǼЦλֵܣµĻˣ
ߣûеӸƭҵȣǸߡһΪˬ˵
ôλֵ뷨ǣ
ʲô뷨˵Ǹֶ֣࣬ȡôˡҲȡβֵܵıǸεࣿɽжνᣬֶˣû
λֵܣҲ˺۰ɣ

һ㣬ʱ¶һδϵ˺ֻۣûѪѣ˿ڻϡ
˿ڣʱһںŲɡ


998 β
ʵǴﵽڣͥƬ֮УֵܣֻβԸ㼸֣Ҫ㣬βҲף
ֵǳԽβģ
ֵܶԸҲҪ£һ࡭ֻһ࣬Ϊλ
¶ϣĿĵ˿ʱȻһִĲо
ⲻҪסҶȸϢ
࡭
ʱϣֳһɱŭģΪҲɵ۸߽ףһǳۣݣֻһɵۣΪ죬ŷһֹϵĿռȥ磬ҿʱҾƭûѣ
һա
һλʵ·ɽĸɣ
Ȼħаʿ߾ǱʩչһаƣԴӦʿҲһЩĹ֮ǰҲкú÷ƺ·ֶ졯Ϊɹ
ɹôй¼
йӡɹֶ۴ƺһžżʮɵǳʮһɵУ޷ȼǹ޵
Ҳһɣо½繦ɹֶֻգҲδռɹϢ
һʱüͷչ໥š
һԣ·ƵģȫڣҲ⺬ɱ˼һ͵λ֣ƱǻŵģʵҲôСֻ֣Ҫͨܰѹúǧ֪꣬ǵıҲҪһһõҪƳܣ
ԣԣԣ侲࣬ԼģƱػȡϴݣǷѹƳܣ潻Ǽɱǣȴû˵ǲŰǣ
ôֻóϴݣϵ
ȻһΣһ׽
֣ʼƶԸҶȵİ취

һƬϽһɽΪٿɽ
ٿɽɽֻ˶ɽ洦ɼһĶߣŷ𶴿ɽͨġ
ٵĹԼʮ𣬵ȷһǳۣˣ
һɫӰķɽ̤һƬƣٿɽϸϸһ
Ҷȣ
ͷĿ⣬ᣬҶȾͼڲٶߣһλĺڶڣٲȻһһβһӵвٵ¡
ЩϺзЩɵ۸߽ס
Ѱ칦Ҷ˰ٿɽΣΧƣȻʩչԪСһߡ
࡭
һǰҶȷʱһȻǽ˯һһ
ҺúȻҶȻŵ翪Ϊǿصĺˡ
˯̫Ҷȿһ㷴ӦҲûУҶ΢΢һЦؿԽȥûǰɱαװݽ붴ߡ
ɡʱڣҶҲٿɽˣβǳۣҶǰȥǰʯͷԼĽţǣҶҲﵽΪͬȾ磬Żаտͨ
ಣ
ҶȻǻһЩϢȻ붴ߣһʱһɺζŶ磬ӭ
ζ󣬵޷Ӧ
Ҷ֪޵磬ʲôˣķʽҲķʽ壬ǲӦġ
ϵķ붴ڵϡǽϣٵĹͷëǳëѪ
۵Ϣ
ư˹֮ڿնþ޴ס̽ͷһǰһ֮ܶУʮֻ꣬Χһѩסβĺ꣬ƺ˯
ſһɫʯ֮ϣɣҲ
ǻɫʯʱƮĻɫϢʮֻ֮໥Ÿֻѩ׺꣬Լɶ೤ػŻɫʯ·ЩС꣬ĺӡ
β
ѩ׺͸ŵϢҶȻֹͣ۵ϢңβҪȰٱǿ١
û뵽ʵߣɵףĶ֣ҲȵߡҶһʱٱβ
ǻɫʯӦþʯȷһԪ˯ĹЧ񣬵ǲʵãȥУǲ
ȻˣͲܰһˡ
ĿȻǻɫʯ֮ϣǹʯǺܾ޴һңǱһ̳֮ϣβſ棬ʯ
˵УǴ˯߿ʼʵ࣬ĸײСβչĺʯС
࡭
Ȼ֮䣬ҶͷĿѣȻ޴ڣ
ˣ
ëƵģγһҶȫ޷Ӧ˾ͱӡѩβγɵķӡС
˻
һڣͻأԽһѩ֮аɱ¾һҶǰҶȣıȡʥʯ
Ҷ侲ʼնûз̧ͷӭŷѱβסβ
ǱʥСӣȻʥıôıģҲɱ㣬ȴβа˵ѩƤë趯ѩ
𣿡
ҶͻȻ߶Χǿʢɹ
䣡
ͻȻɹʱββͣʼ潻棬ԭָֻСҶȣɹ⣬ſβӡβ͡
ĶԿ
࣬ǿ
βɫ˲䣬΢΢ſ죬¶Ƿݣ̰Цֲãʥ⣬ʥ·ˣδʵɵʵ뱾ʥ𣿡
ĸף
Ȼһֻֻѩ׵С꣬˲βļϣһԴײжҶȡ
Ҷڳһζķ⣡
Ǻǣ֮ǰҵʵҲԣҿɲڳ濹⣬βҶɣôе𣿡Ҷȹ飬ȻҪβ
Сӣ㲻޴棬Խǿʮٱֹһ೬ۣҶ֣һССɵۣðɣҿֶܼã
βռѾ׳βͣӡסҶȣŲᵣҶպҶһıԣǾս
Ҫǰ࣬ķڷ
βǰٱˡǺһ壡
Ƕ֮Уʮִϻۡƻһࡣ
ҶȰЦٴҲûǻۣβ̫ǿұסҪǿ𿪣ܻҲ硭
磬Ȼʩչٺ٣
ҶЦˣ
ЦúܼթⲻǱȷͨһеĵ̣˶δеͨҶȴУ޾κ
Ʒβõİ취ûзգҲԵõʯ
ֲΪ


999 ȡʯ
βͷβ֮ҶβĵطβݺЦ࣬һգһҵĺǣúøһ棡
𣿡ҶȿƲɹʵ׼ʩչ񷷨Ϣȡβ
ǭ¿ǣԵһᣬΪǵ
ллĸףллĸף
ҶȳΪ˱ߣβʮС꣬ζԸĥҶȡ
ͻɵף𵤵δжٱ仯
屻ɹβԿʱҶ̶ȴ׼ˡ
ӵĲ𵤣Ϊһǳɫ΢΢תţ˵Ҷأô𵤾ڵΨһա
ǳһеԴ
򡢾򡢶׷򡭡ò𵤿ƸأҶ޷֪Ĵڣ򣡡
̽òһЩ仯֮Ҷȱ㿪ʼɹٰںɹ֮УɹһӵҲǶһԡ
㱻βҲɹ⺬еѣ
ٿ
̺ɹ⣬ر֮Уһ򣬴ֱ΢΢ؿʼͣȻβ
ص࣬û뵽̺˰ᲢۣСС̺
βǿҲҶȱһЩüЩСȥβֳһѪ˿û뵽ҶǿʢڵСӣҾ㳹ķڷѹ
ͣ
ѩβͣ΢΢زȻؿʼָѹҶһƺ΢΢Ρ
ĺãĺãգ
˲䣬˿ƶﵽǿĽ״̬
ҶҪ״̬
ȫ֮£ļӾ磬ʧȥ֪ܶʧȥܶһζؿơѹҶȾҪ֣̿Χ̺ɹڲ򣬿ʼ߶ͷų
˻˻
ҶȵԪ񣬳Ƕ޷ҶȸӦ£ӿٶβ
ͬʱΪβɻҶҲһƣ̬
࣬ҿϲʵ
βоڲϵģסҶȣҲͬģʮֵ⣬Ȼż־㵣Ǽ߶ǿĵҪҶȷѹ飬ȻƷҶȡ
ԣײУҲǺսģ
úã۵
˿Ҷȵľ֮УŰʺ죬̫һų⣬໥ɣô̫һĶֻ֣գ۹ں̫һ֮С
ʱҶȸоԼͻɵף΢΢ʼ׳ʵ·һˡ
Щͳͳβ
ֻѵðҲֻ壬Ż˶
Ҷȼգںһ룬ϴնԸףһˬʱ˶ǵ⽣ӰĿ⡣
ͥβԵĺսɾҶȣҶ֮ͥУ𽥲ǿ֮·
βǳۣۺ޷ȫɣǾͷӡ
ҶȷԼѾﱥ״̬һ𳬼ſʼһӡӡڽ𵤡
ǡβ޵ʱˣ
ʱ䲻ʧҶȿƶεβҲС٣ؼƣѾأ٣ҶȿҪúܶ࣬ѲҶȳμʱǰǿ
࡭ƣ
Ȼ֮䣡
ɹƺﵽԵβҪѹסҶȣҶ˫һһǵصƣˣ
¡
βû뵽Ҷôڽƣ֮ʱᱬǿƣβͣ˲𿪣ȻͼҶһƳ

Ϊ˱С꣬β͵һ̧պûţʮֻСܵòˣ
ܣûʧǿβΪǱطȻһ
ٺ٣ôܸ㣬ҵܣ
գҶоͳɹ⽣βҶȲأӽڲҵĶ֣߰˰ˣ֮ǰҾͲ£ڻҵĶ𣿡
ЦҵСӣʥôʰ㣡
βͻȻһ޴ոʧβ;Ҷմ
Ԫ
ಣ
ʵǿҶȲû潻棬ವһ£ϢʧգβȻΪޡ
񣡡
һɹ⽣һᣬýһ棬βԱ֣߳裬βϡ
˶ɹ⽣𿪼ԶҶȴһ֣βΧδͷǿ
ɶ񣡣
ٶȡʽͨͨһأβһҶԽսԽ£
ſ£
βȻ֮ǰһһβͲסʱֻѩ״֣ʱҶǵشһһͷųۿֲơ
βʵ˲䣬Ҷȸоβִﵽ۸еͷۣ
ЩҲβô׺ϧûˣ͵һֻֽֽϻࡣ

ɹ⽣ڿռ䣬һδεĽ棬Ҷݽ֮УȴΣ壬һһβҲΪǱ
ȥβҿûôʱ䣬ٺ١
ҶȲôȥѾռȻԣͻȻֲɭɭĶͬˮβ˲ΧγһȼյĶ
ꡢ꣡
βںЩŭ壬ֱײҶȱȥǸƤëͿʼʴڻ
βЩ𣬿ɲ򵥣Ⱥúܰɣʯҵˡ
һ
ҶȾͳڼ׷̳֮ϣǻɫʯոҪȡʱʮֻβΧͻȻܳһ۵СۣҶȣ

΢΢֣ƾγɷ籩˲ͰʮֻС꣬òˣȻһץһɴʯ޽֮У
࡭
ʯ·βŭڶ֮бܣҶȺɱ
ڶŭѾˣ
ɱɱɱ
ΧͻȻĺʮͷ֮࣬ȫɵ۸߽ףҲһɲҶȵΨһĿꡣ

ҶͻȻһݣ
¡¡
ǿ֮ʱҶΪģ˷кײ˲ͱ÷׷״Ѫ
Ҫҵͬ壡
סβΪǱİ
޳Թɱβ˼ͥôԴʯ͹ˣǣ
ҶȶβһЦȻһ˳ֶŶһץ𣬶ʱƿնȥ
׷
˶ߣкŷŭҪ׷ɱҶȣ
ͳͳɢˣ
Ӷ»ָɵβ˲仯Ϊһòٸһѩ޴£һȣʵ
డû뵽βϣͻڣʱһȥѰ㱨ѩܣ
βӶ߳ڣϧֻܰװ׿Ҷȶᱦȥȴûһ취ҪҶȲ飬ｫΪһƬɱ


1000 ʥɱ
뿪ٿɽһţҶѾ֮ң
ʯȻϹڳҲã
һɶʯҶɽۣ֮ӴɳƯڰգոճ֣һԪƽ˲Ϣʯ֮͸
Ʈ󡭡һʱоԪ״̬Ԫ羵棬ž޲
ȻܱȣǱԪԪ񷨱Ҫ̫࣬ȷǺñ
˲봢䣬̿ԶƺɽͥжٵıҪҰһˣ
ͥϹͥõģӵɵףֵõʯ
У޴ڣһСģһ븶
˭뵽Ϊɽ罻ߣͥӦܵģһͥ㿪ʼУҶ֣Щ׺ӵ޷Ĺޡ
ӵɫ̬
βսۺ񣬱һ㳬ۣҪǿࡣ
ͥжٵĹޡǿߣ
Ϲͥǿߣ˹ɡڳͷ֮йʵϼǿߣҶмµǿߣǵػ֮ŵĴڣţͷˡ
ʶβǿҶƺԤǸ׾֮ŵţͷˣǺǿ
ϴݣߵϴǴ֮ɽ罥Ȼӵһԡ
ԣһֺݣʯ֮ԡ
뵽⣬ҶȤʹˣʵԣʯõıǣϴϣǾ͵ڵϣľϵС
ľϵУȻ֮ںϣ֮ĴУΪģȻ޷ʮκȻжǿ硣
㲻ȻһʿϣҲգϾϴ̺ԣκȡ
ֱҪȫȡ

Ǹǳۣ
֮ǰȱ㻺Ϩˣʵǲпģ𳬼ۣǹޣһڵǿߣ
ԹŴ˵֮У󣬾ʹ϶Ǹ޵У
޷սʤĵˣֲ˼ҲͥûаԽǿ󣬴Խ棡
Ҷ˲գ
֮ʣԽһɽҶȸӦţͬʱҲһŷɹǱסܣܵϢ
ʮ֮󣬶һأһһƬɽɽһ߷ľɽ
䣡
ո̤Ƭɽ·֡Ϫˮԭ֮УֳȺɶӵȺͬǱѰ屶һСɽڴرܣ¡¡ֶͣŹ·ȥ
˵ؼֱĴأ
ȻϢۣϴݣ
գϸϸӦһɽɽϢ֮󣬷·׽ǿϢλã̷ɽ·
ԽɽȺԽ࣬ţɽ֮УԼһǧͷ󣬶ҶɵۣϢСɵһףɵʮ鶼ǣȫɵ۵硣
ûϢ
˶ǿߣɵֻо·һǳˣҲأնɱδǧţûһܰȻ뿪ģ˭ᱻѹ

գ۹ҶȾɽǰž޴ɽһ͵أѹķһѹ塣
ͷɽ¸һƬ㣬һģĹȺ廹ɽΪɽǿϢһͷš
ҶȵʩչԪ˲乬ȺٵػΧһǽڵΪ
һṦҶȱһ󷽣ǱУ빬̾ͼڹڲͬ߰ĽṹУһ֮Уһ߳ɫһҶݡ
Χ޺Ϣƺһҡ˯硣
ʣϴݡ
Ӳֻ͵
Ҷ޷ǰһ
ԸٱҶõĵɽȻԸһвˣԸβõǲ񷷨򣬶ʮգͱβѹ͵ʴס
˿ҪõϴݣҪԸҲ˵ҪôӲҪ͵һС͵
͵
û뵽ᵱһС͵Ҷ͵͵ֵЦЦС͵ʲôáȡʵ͵ʲôֱ𣬵õԼʵؼġ
ϴȱҶѾԼںϣ͸ʥ֮£ףÿ˶Լĵ֮ˣǶԼ켣ΪҪȥԼʶǿϣ
򷨹ڣڹ͸УնǹҶѾ˽ܺõлѾ㹻ˣٶҲǻ㣬ƫԼ֮ʧȥԼӵеˡ
͵
ڨڨһЦҶȱԱߣһ֣ȡϢȻ󸲸֮УʩչԪ˿ʼ빬
ϴݹȻǺñϢ̺֮κҪңֲҪͬʱУȻ޷ѹϴϢһǿǿ֪ⱦסˣ
֮УҶغţ˲ȷϴݵļֵҶģϢԪڲʹСǧ£õϴݡ
ͥϹͥƿ֮УԽǱͨȻϹͥյԽ࣬ʼգҶʹɹֻܲ׽ֶ죬޷Ҷʵ

Ԫʩչ£ںҶΪռһʵʲϢռ䲨ȫͬ
ȻУ˯
ҶȣѾϿգһϴݣֻҪõ֣뿪͸Ӳ⣡
֮ң
ҶȾܵõϴݣԴϴݵף
ʥɱ󣡣
ͻȻҶڵ룬ڳ˯ŭۣ
꣡
ҶȷӦһץϴʱȻ˲ʯΪʯʯվͷֻʯӰ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȸоԼһץȥץˣǰɫ˲䣬ݺᡢԵʯ񣬶ϴݳ룬һ̳룡
ûϵһֱҶԸˣ񣬾ȻһΡ
ҶȲżȥȡϴݣΪ֮Уֻ󣬲ܶȡϴݣڻȶᱦҪҶȿΧʯ󣺡øʥɱ󣬵ȷǸ
һʯȻӰԸܵڳڵսҲ˵ҶҪʯս͵۽֣
һ
ɶСӣҵı
һŭҶϤ
Ŷ
ʱҶףΪԼȦ֮Уԭɽ֮У壬͵ף
᲼˺ķԪͨ
Ȼ׷ˣҪرԼȡҶճХһȻ壬һ棬Ҳ֪Լټһй¶
ͲӦĴŹߣ
˵ˣȴԼ·


1001 ս1
ҵıﲻ˵ɶǣҶݣþҪ죬˶꣬㡭
Ъ˹
ҲǣҶɽδйεȵ汦꣬ҹΣҪ֮ʱƻˡ
ͷ˸ߣ
Ҿб£͹ȡĶɱԽ׷ɱȵȽ֣Ҷϰˡ
ɱˣͱɱ
࣬ݵòǽٰϵıóǿԷŹ㣬ִУҲ㼴гʵаնԸ
ʱƯһʯ󣬾ȻǵضȻϰ벿ȴסԵĸǸܰһɽնϡ
ʯҶ˲䣬ʯҲӡֱ΢΢𶯣ǵĦͷƤ飬֮ȫ
㣿õıٹֻ𣿹ɣǺúöһǲҵĶ֣
ҶһݣΧӿּӲɹ⣬ֳɹȻһֵĽɫ
ŶϹŵ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶƤֽɫϢʯ־̾
ҶǷһĪ֮ЦҲμӹɱǿ϶ɣΪϹͥеģΪ޽壬ǵھ֮ڣõıˣǱǹͥҪϵһɵ޽ɣǸǿߣ
ֻսˣ
Ƿ̣ǵȴιˣõǿ󣡡
ֵǣ˵ȷ޽ɣǵ֮ǰ棬Ż޽ɣ߶ʥɱ󣡡
Сӣˣ
һһ˵֪ʲôطĳֺ
ಡ
ʱ䣬·ˣ
˷ʯˣŲƸıλã֮ǰʮʯ¶飡
ͻͻ
ţҶڵ󷨣Ȼˣ
ǳۣͨһв군ˣ
˲䣬Ҷȸоһ޷ľأΪʧݽߵʱ֮Уû
꣡
һʯһɱһΣǶˣʯΪӪʱʯҶ
Ԫ
̫ͻȻҶֻʩչԪһ
¡
ݺݵҶʧĵط
Ȼѿռͨ޵
ľ
Ҳǿռ䣬ռûʿ˵ǾǶҶ˵Ǭ޼֮޷ѹԪ
Ԫ޵ˣֻ֮ҪпռڣΣ֮ãҶȻûдﵽ޵־磬ͻɵףӵڵʵҲǿԷӳһͨ
仯
ৣ
󷨰󷨣ŵҶȣôգһʯˣɱ
ƿ֮е³

ԪҲֲʯˣʱԱ仯󷨣ֻӲͷƤɹ⽣ĸһδε潻档
ʱȥ˭Ϊʱ𺳣һ࣬СȻ׳˶ʯˣ潻棬һĦ籩ѾǳۼĶ
ɱɱɱ
ֶ֪ٴΣҶȾȻܼʯ˽£ɵӦҪ֪ÿһʯ˶ӵпڵĳʵǸոӵг۵ʵҲɵ޷ġ
־棬Ҷһɵۣȴһʯ˽棬Ǵʱ洫ȥɽ޲ƺҶΪɽ֮еĵһˣ
ǣǼʯɱҶȵҪʮʯ˽֣ȫô೬ǿ߶
󣬹Ȼޱߣÿһͷ·Ǵɽѹҵޱߣ󷨼ֲͱѹˣ
Ҷ˸գԪԼʯһδιΪޣȻҶҲ븫濹⣬ÿһν棬оֱ۱΢΢飬Ҷȶû
˵Ҷѱƽʩչ̫̫һ컯ȭ޼˻סڰ׾޼ս˻ơ֮ʥǹЩͨ޷ʤ
һʩչǱ¶Լܣ
ҲǵҶȥ
λѵãȻԸкֶܶΡνֻᣬǧѷ꣬˵ҿԽɵף򣬲ͣսֿĥԼĵģٺ٣ս
һһ˼⣬ҶȾĥңҪȥҲҪһ׼ʩչԪҶȥ
УҶȴӴһ
δöߣԹͥĽ
պÿͥߣȵȣó˲Ϳ󣬿û壬Ⱦ֣߹֮еߡ
ôҲ޷Ըĳ۾ͷ
ƽķӡҶҲʯˣһ㡢Ϊ
ɶ񡭡
Ͽ
ҶȾȻĵȳ̶ȣǿߣҲð麹·޾Ѳ
ٺ٣еʱ䣬࣬һʲôܣС˵ǿ󷨣ĥ
ֵ˵ǣǺǾ͸ı󷨹ʽֻǣ𳬼ۣǿɱ󣬶Ըһɵۣе˵ȥɣ
һ࣬ҲˣǴ˵ǿһǿ߶ԸǿߣҪ֪ǵ
γ󷨣գ׹⣬Ĵ飬ϵת
·󷨹
Ȼ˲ϢѣҶȣ͸оϢˣ
һʯ˹֮Ҷȿ󷨿ʼ仯ʯӪʼ룬󷨷·Ũ٣Լֻа״СʯʮаɭɭųһȦҶ룡
Ҫʲô
ű
û
󷨡ȫ֮γС󣬶ûǿʵ޷ͻ磬̡̫
һʱ䣬ҶҲͣ٣ķʯ˽룬̱ܶӣֱҶ޷ƶ
꣡
ո룬һʯ˾˶
⶯ҶЦ磡
ֻһʯˣǷŭĹţӡһȼյ棬һ۵Сۣڳ
꣡꣡
֮ҶȾЦˣ
һʯ˺Ȼס죬ǳһ˦ͱñֱȻǿ֮УȻһſŻڷڵٵسҶһ¾ʮţǲҪҶȻҪը
⣡
ʮӵͨ۵Ĺ
ôǶôֲĹҶҲŵɫһ٣˫־շֿ
򣡡
һʱ䣬һƮҶΧӿֳ
ԭǽɫļͬͷҲǣȻֹΧҲ񶳽һ㣬ʮŻѾɱ


1002 ս2
䡭
һſŻҵػҶΧ֮ϣ
ৡ
Ǽҵıը𸲸ҶȣȻһɻ˷̿γһ޴
ҶȣΪȼն
಻ҲҪѲƤɣ
һˣսֵ֣޷סٺ٣ȡı
·󷨣ȼţƺ׼ȥȡҶһ뱦ʶҶȿ϶޷ס˹
һȣ
һͻȻסǼͷ
һ侲ϸϸӦ·֮Ϣһüͷһ壺ϢСôһ£Ϣ΢ȻţҲϢҲң
ѽգգ󷨣Ǻ󷨣Ϊһ壬СӦ޷ܵģ
ԱһҲһɻ󡣲òٴ󷨣ģȼջ֮Уһ壡
ʹâ壬ʵǷ״ͬģֻеֻڷ֮ȼգ޷ƻ
Ҳ˵
ҶȲ֪ʲôֶΣ˼ֵס󷨹
̫˰ɣұסôѹңǰΰɣ
룬ҶȻ߿˵
ɶ񣡿ɶ񣡼
ñף
꣡
Ȼվڻ˷ʯˣƺյʼһεɣһ˦һֱ
ͻͻͻ
һΣʯ˲򣬶ǡһӲϵˣ˳ףֱʮˣ׳۲ѣֱӴʯ˳ǹķŻա
ҶڵĻ򣬷·Ϊȼյķ⣬֨֨ͣ

֮ڣҶüͷ壬һ
޷ȫ롭ȥĲ
֮ǰֵסò񷷨ôǿܼĹѾԽҶȶԲ񷷨ļԦҲ˵񷷨޷Կôǿʢ
ˣǼӡδȫ⿪˼ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶһץһˣһӣǵõĽ

ʩչֻһ϶·˺˷϶֣ͷ꣬ʱ鵲ס𹥻
ٺ٣ˣвؽõڳʬ壬ЩǿѣҺľƽ
һӰҶȵǰ
һڵĳʬ壬ɾؽ磬ΪߣҪõһеĵĹ
꣡
Ųһߣôֱӹʬ壬ڳǰͲʲôˣܵȼգҶվ鳬ʬ棬Եã
ȻС֮⣬յ֪˺£Ϊ޷͸ҶȵԪҶ
ˡ
ȥ𹥻£ȻһȻͷҶȵģ
ȻȲ˫¹꽣ǵȴҲһξԸ
ҶԪ̽У
ƽ飡
Ԫոս֮УҶȾˣΪΣԭΪƽȻһϵ
ʲô
ҶȵõڰĴУ޼˻ףںκϵҲƽ飬ΪҶãǡôȻһͨʮ֮һٷ֮һ
ȴɽ磬һԽʮƷĴڣ
ʱһԵƽʥɱҪǺÿ
ͣ
һѪҺ˲ƽ֮У
ѪҶȵľѪ֮У̺ѪȻĴڣںһУͨӦò⡣
ɵҪںһܣ
˭ҶӵѪĴУںһͨͨ£Ѫոջƽ֮УҶȾ͸о󼶱ӡϵӿԺ
Ҷȣղģ
һںϣҶȵõƽеĿƷⲢҶȾȫںƽ飬ʹã
ˣ޷һԣƽ飬ҲҪﵽһ磬ʹá
ڣԴ߶򵥼󷨣Ѿ漣
ৣ
õƽ֮ҶȿʼһЩķӡ򵥵ĿʼᣬһµķӡҶ˫ֶǰ
Сӣ
֮ϣֱͷı乥󷨣ôãȻûҶȣ
ⷴǾԽɻ
ͷԾСӰûϢӦͷ飬׽ãΪϧ
ֵ˵ļǣСһʩչʲôֶΣֵסǵĹȥĲ٣ı󷨣øǿ󹥻󷨣Ը
Ҫɱ
ôߣĥһ٣ʵἸоô죬ı󷨣
һʱ·ִĳЭ飡
˴סֻڱϢÿһκǵʧһ֣ǰ󷨣ԸҶˡ

ʱΧʯˣֹͣ
Ŷϧѽһڴ۵ƽˣʣµģ˵ʱƽ⣬һһڳ۵Σգ
ҶȻվѳʬķʧȥ
ʯһλû
󷨽øӼ̣ƺûжı仯ǽʯ˵ı仯Ҷð麹
ʮʯˣȻΪһ壡
һߴʮɵľˣ
ֳѳԼɵĸô޴ǣߴ˶ֱ޵нգ
İ󷨣ſˣ
ʥɱ󡭡̫󷨣󣬿ֵ䲻ǿ״̬Դﵽܿ۷壡
Ҷȶоͷۣ

ˣ
ȻֱӷֻһӰҶһƨҶ
һȻֳĸӰӣһ±Ҷ
ֲĹҶ޴ӣҲ̫С
ɹƣ
Ҷûܣ޴ӣֻӲͷƤ濹⣬Ҳ뿴ʵڻ٣
Ҷһһɹƾӭ
䡢¡
һʱ䣬ɹһѣ󷨶ڲôǿ
ɹһ飬ŸӰʧʣ²ƺ۵ɹƣ
꣡
ʱɹˣڰձҶģ
ʱҶȣһۣҲѷ죬ƤǽɫģȻǴ޽״̬Ϊɹ֮ϣҲҶȵϡ
ôֲܼĹҶȲȫڵһʱֵԣһЩҶȵϣûĳۣѿڣ¶ɫļ
ԭҵǿֵزȫס۹
Ҷûһ˿ʹ࣬һҶ֤ԼǿȵļޣȻƯľ޴ʯ󣺡ʱˡ
Сӣ㻹ʲôͶɣղһѹ֮һǲ֪Ȥǽɲˮˣǿɲܣ
֮УĴֿЦ


1003 ϴҵ
̫⣬˭Ц󣬻һ
Ҷ΢΢ŤŤͷһۣ֨֨ػָѷʧƤҲΪɫ޽״̬ʧ
Сӣ˿Ӳкùӳԣ
ɢȥƯҶϿյľ޴ʯˣһ΢΢Ķ·Ҫٱ֮ǰǿľӰ
ƽ飬ƣ
ɲǿЦģҶȻԼģһʵʱ̣
ʩչԪ৵һ򣬷磡
޴ӡ
·Ҷ˽ҶȸոƶϿǾ޴ʯˣҶƶƶ
ͣ
󷨽ԱߵҶȣȻһץסһ´˿˿Եףͬ˻һ㣬صҶһڽ֮ϡ
¡
һƣ
ֻһƶѣԵһƣ˲С󷨵ķ󷨷ͬһƬ棬ɾҶһζ롣
ɶСӡ

ôӵۣôС࣬ԽԽǿǿɺ޵ĲСǿ࣡
ղǹϢһԣѵղǵ󷨣
һǵģֵܹ۲ϸ£һСԭӵŶôСɽ罻ʤߣһõǹͥʹͣ
һ
֣˵ͬһ仰֪һǺ޵Ҷʩչ޽壬Ǿ;Լķˣι˵ˣҶóͥԸǡ
ⲻΪ
ɺޣ˻޷ӳǵ󷨣ҪʥɱøӼ̡ˣֵܣûбƵ̶ֳȣԭΪһͬǿߣû뵽һԪɵۣ
һͻȻҡҡͷ
ðɣϴݵķʮϴֻ֮ܲУȻ챻˵ǵģС޷˵
֣ͷ
ӳˣ
֮УҶգо޴ޱȣȻգ̳֮Уϴٻ
꣡
ʱһյצͻȻҶȱϢץ
¡
ҶˣͻأĴצֱץں󱳣һɫۣЩ飬Ǳɰף

һЩ΢΢ԿƣסΣ˲ָƽҶȿķտյͻȻһЦٱɣ
࣬Ҫѩܣ
֮еİٱԹڵĺ
ٱ
£µ
ðٱӵڡڵʵǸеĸ֣ͷеߣҶԺðͷ
ϹͥȻһص磡
ִյ𣺡ٺ٣СӣܲˣĴߣֶԸһˣǴδйģλ겻군

ʱ޴ʯˣɶȶգ˶ʧֻʮʯˣЩʯˣʼ֮ڲϵǿ
Ҫĵ̡
ҶһƳüһɻ󣬽һӲ̣ҶȻʮ㣬ұ֮ǰҪ㡣
ΪһΣҪʹǿ߽֣ԣ󴫳УһѪʩչԽκˡ
˵ڣҲܿ⣡
ҪߣġںһҶȾͲʩչԼĵ̣ǿ߽棡
ٿ
ոЦЦֳһצ
ಣ
һУһγɹڶҶϣɹҶһʹצ֮ˣ
ͻͻͻ
һʯˣƺٱϵ޷죬Ҷʮʯ˾ͳҶȳλã˲ͬʱ֣һ
Ƕ࣡
ಣ
ʱҶȲһΣ˸ʧʯ˹֮С
ȻϢһʯ˺棬һȥԵ׹⡣
¡
һڵʯˣֻһƣͱҶ˷Ȼں󱳣޴ʯ󣬻һ£ˡ
ɣһƬ촷ۣ
䣡
ҶһԪ֮ٴͷųһһһʯˣ׹֮£һƽһƣһһ𣬿ʼ飬Ҷ״̬
ͣ
գͻȻͬʱһѪ
ɺޡЩֵܷԪϢϢأܱȫˡ
ֵֻܣԶ֣
˲վгѷȻǹϵȻ˲룡
ţ
Ϣһα䶯Ҷȿʣ¼ʯˣȻԶȥ
ৡ
Ȼ֮䣬һεĴβͣӺ֮Уɨ

βͻɨҶȴʧȻϷ·ʧβͣٱлúʰ㣡
ͻ
Ȼ䣬һһն
񣡡
Ҷûתһѹ븫һײ˷·ƷգյڿշԽΣա
ٿٿٿٿ
գ˲Ϣ֮ʣ˫ŰԵһһǰٱҲһγԱߡ
𳬼ۣƬߣȻֶԸҶһɵۣ
ҶȿĴߣһץһ׹֮ڳˣҲãĴߣ־ͺã÷һһѰңĴߣŲšʮУҾܰһһƷ
ǾһУ
һδŭֻҡͷһЦȫһЦСӣ̫ˣǹ޺ܿȴҲûôҲƣ㼴ҲǵĶ֣
ţã
ҶȻػӶдԵ׹֮ƽ׹֮ȻѾʩչԪ
ȫϣﵽʵٵ۷壡
Ҹſ£
һŭˣһҶȣһ֣ͬʧҷҶȣ
ٿ
ҶͻȻˣ
ͣ
ҲôҲ벻һٶȣΪλﵽһĵز
ֻ˲䣬ĲӴһѪۣ
ͣ

ǰҲ˲Ϣ֮ǰ֮ͬĽۣպô뼡ܾжǵܣնǵľ޴ͷ­
䣡
Ҳһ֮󣬵޷ţŲӴĽʱһ޴չʹֱе
ĲϣҲһۣңɵ˺ۣڲӴֶһ
ϴҵģ𣿡
ǱҶȴһ֮߳е׹֮մһѪ
˵ʮУ
Ҷȵͷ˿ϣһָͷһһУǱҵĽ£ǵĽ֣

ߣȻŵһ䣬ವز
ҶȽһ㣬Ĵߵûκαãô׹֮ǵͷ­һ
ĴߣȻ޷ʵ
ףΪһ࣬һεչ붼벻
ҾͺúǣǸİϴݽңһԣʩչ׹֮ȥĽ
ҶȵĴߣȻĺὣ˵ݺͷ֮磬칬ƣӿ֡


1004 ɵ
ǳв˻һ߶Ĭˣ
ǴˣȻҵĶ֣ȥû˼Ǿ仰ͥȥˣһֲ֣ѲƤããأиʺǵıȻ䣬ҶȻдᣬûмһơ
ղǹɰҲȥ
ΪΡǿ󣡣
ڣһ𿪿˵ɫԿѷҶȿͷ
ʧںƤ֮С
Ҷһ׹֮ʱʧһںϣʵҲڣǲҵĶ֣Ҳ
ಣ
˵꣡
ʩչԪһϿշ֮ϣֱһڷ֮ϣ飬˦һסϴݣ̷˳
ɺޣ
ǵıװ׵ıһ
һһƤӵ£˶ߣݣ
ৣ
õϴݵҶȣĴ΢΢һЦʱ˻Ϊһԭ㣬ʧʥɱ
ʼգ޶ԣ
֮Ҷѷɳɽ֮ңȻǷ͵֣޺ڵ

һɽ֮Уʱ䣬ӽ쵽ڵõϴݣŹȥһѣ㹻ʱС
̧ͷһͥڵɽȻôƮ졢ңԶϸӦ˷ɽķŸ֡
߶৵ӿһӡһȻʩչ̽䡣
ռȻ԰磬һû磡
ǸӦһ纺ˣ֮УҶһͷ̫һԣһ
Ĵ߽֣ǿһΪﵽԲĳ۸֣ͨʥɱ֮һҶ֪Ŀǰʵ״̬ɵףȫսڡԲĸ֡
һȫѹնɱڴ󲿷ǿߣȻ˼ΪţӵֶεǿߣκڳۣҶȶԷַ֮
ϴݣ
Σоĵ̫һԣػָһץͳϴݡ
߶೤СҶӣһ͸΢ԣʣ
ţΪϴݵģһ壬̺
ոͻɵףϴݡԣÿѪŨ봿ǿѪŨȣ͵Խӽĸ߶ȣ
ϸϸϴݣͷŵƣϴ̺ϴϵ޵ںϾѪ֮УѪһӵо޴ı仯
²˳٣˫֮Уֱ죬һɹӿ֮䣬ذϴݣһݣǿѹ£˲仯Ϊһ֭
ಣ
˫̯Ѫ⿪ʼ˺ѣ˾磬֮еľѪŵԣ䲻ǴѪѾԽˣΪߡ
˫ľ۶ʱһɹѪֱӰϴ֭һ㲻ʣģѪ֮У
ѪҺԴȪԴȪʼڣ͸оڵĿˮ岻ϵӯ

һʹҲûУøо˯
Ժ֮䣬ȥоڵѪϴ̺ԣӴ֮ҶڵԣϴݵԣʼȻȻںϣûһ˿ų⡣
ҶȵԣŨҪϴݵģϴֻһֲû̺ѪҺֻһҶѪں֮ϴȼʼҶȫѪٵᡣ
ԽؿѪﵽ壬˵ڵҶȣѾ𽥳Խ֮壬塣
û飬һϸѪⶼҵ׳ɳһ麣࣬ˮ֡
ҶһУӯģԪҲڰ֮УҶƺһУ
˯
ҶȾȻһֳ˯״̬
˯״̬һֻмֿܣҪôʿϢڤ룬Իؽһ˯״̬
һ֣һγʱ˯ߡ
ҶǴڵڶ֣
Ѫʸ̺ģǬ߾ؽ౦ۡϼЩͷϹŶ޷ӵѪûжɹ٣ӵѪͻų⣬ᱻѪѹ١䡣
໨ŴͬΪΪﵽ˼ޣҲɹ˲٣ǵڣŻѪΪߣԶϵ
ҶӵѪҪΪõĴУûдУƾһɵۣԶҲ޷ӵѪ
ҶȲϵس˯ȥ
Ưھ̳֮ϣƽţԶһɫ֮У纺У뵶ūҲһռУ
Զŵɽ֮ͥأ
ɽжߣ޴һͷ
˿̣ɵĵӱӣӭӼƣţù˴ɽȥ
ꡭжδ̤ɽ
ָһ㣬ǰãϵĴأںϣֻйͥڣ˼һᣬӱתʵ
ߣһٶˣɽΧиĹˣһλ߳ʦ֣ʮδ
ʮţһкܴü
˹ʵʦ֣Ҫ֪ͨй޷ǰҲֹŶǧ꣡
ãЩ˵Ҳӵһǧʱ䣬ӵǧ꣬ԼʱֻԹԼӵ˵һɷǣΧҲһ

һΣ꣡
ռ䣡
Ҷڶ˶Ƥƣ·δ˯ָһ㣺պѣû뵽ȥꡭ
Ϊߣֻͥǧʱ䣬δȥͥĽ֮һʱ䣬Ҷһϧѣ
̼¶һϲЦݣѪŨһúãȫϸҲ͸ԣѪԽǿʢԡԽף
꣡
ԭںϴ֮󣬵Ҷȳ˯ʮ꣬꣬ھռɾʮ꣬˼һγ˯ΪѪҶУҲ޷ﵽʮꡣ
˳һ֮УҶδһ£һֱڳ˯һںѪľֹ״̬
Ҷȶ־ֹ״̬ʹˡ
ͻȻһϢֱӱҶȻδüϰߣƽٻɢˣͬʱһ˷·ڿգȻ˸оƽٻ֮ʧ
ȻȻںϴݣҽɵסҶ̼壬ͻɵף仯󣬵֮ǰϴݸıɵʱ׳屶ֹ
ҪҶͻɵ۰˽ףӵе仯ࡣ
ΪϴݣҶȲͻɵ۰˽ףѴﵽ˽׸е״̬
ಣ
ϤһҶȱɳ䣡
ңӦڣ޵еģ
ʵѪɱ䣬Ҷȱһصƣ㶯һ£Ħ
ͻɵĽססףһֱδúйͨͥһҪȫУͥһ磿Ҫʧ
Ҷȿɽ֮٣ɽ


1005 ɽ֮ͥ
øһɽ
һɣһδ
ʮκ֮ҶȲ𽥼ɽţֱ֪жߣͬʱҲӦϢ
ͻɵףͥѹƣʲôͥǽھɽ޽֮֮䣬ػиӿֲѹ
һδεطУɽԽԽ޴ҶҲ𽥸оԼСоͶһ˻֮С
ߡֶţҶȣ
ɽأҶǰǺѹѹһɽգһϵʮϢշ
һȺˣҶȷ
ֶӣҶȣ
ҶȻһȥȺ˻棬һλ˴Ҷһۣóһ飬ҶϢӦ֮УֳһҶȡ
˶ϣ˾ʹҶȼɽԼҶȾͼӸֶվһ֮ͨǰ
ǰ
Ź̨֮ǰҶȼ򱧻ʩ
Ҷ뱧ӣһε棬ӵɨһֶۣһӣ̶̽꣬ջҶȣһˣ߰ɣ֮ͥϣи㣡
·ڱ˵ҶκСһ׮ֵһᣬֻ˵һ仰תҶһɽݡ
û뵽ÿһνݣͥѹȣǿһ֣
Լһ֮󣬲ٷ֮һ·̣ҶȾͷֿڸı䣬ϵϱѹԽԽƣһϽݣָоԽԡ
ҶȻڱǰܱʵһЩܵѹȵģЩٲά衣
۹񣬶ȻҶЩѰĶˣ˿ûܵѹȣҶ˵ͥҹͥǿߣֵɣһϹżԪδĴ½·ɽ磬һ޽֮أǲڲϵؽ޽֮أоѹȣԽԽԣ
ԭɽĸ߶ȣɽ޽֮ȵģǵһ̤޽֮ء
ԱӽͣҶȹ򾲵˵ȻҲһȣ뷨࣡
֮ͥ䣬ȴ֮ܵӰ죬̩ɽͥڲȫƽ֮
һݣϹͥǲòⲻڵֶΣһǷǳڸ֣ܵͥ
Ӧǲһ֮УͻĲ֮һͥҲкܳʱ䣬Ȼءءɽ磬ȴҲаԪ֮ʱ䣬ӭӹ·ɽˣ
Ჽڽ֮ϣҶȲƺ߿գɽв
˷ƺͷƺ
ɺףƺ֮У͸ƺҶ̧ͷһɽͷȻƯһռ䣬ռ֮ĹϹһɳڸߵɽռ䣬·ѽ޽֮أ
һ˼ͥ
һɽռ䣡
ӽ͵Ǻǣ磬ͥͥͥͥͥͥǹе磬ֻг۲ܽͥʵǿûгΪ޷ͥͥͥǿߡţԼвƸڵĵطͥͥѽ޽֮أ
ǵ̸İ
ͥͥ޽֮أ
һ;һëϹͥǿ󣬲칬ΪɽǿɽţԶҲ޷޽֮ؽϹͥȻ޴ռ磬޽֮ء
ǱšɳɽҪΰ漣
Ϲͥɽ󲿷δķṦΰ
ԪȥĹˣʵ󲿷ֶԪͥˣѾкܶˣͥͥѡһλͥˣ
ǵĹͥʲôʱ򣬶Ŀһģǽӷٵɽ
ͥԽԽӻҲԽԽ࣬ͬһλߣ˵ϲˮþԪ󣬻֮ȥ
޼᲻ݣͥĽ磬۷ӽڵˮ׼
͸һƬͥҶϷܵϢһ޴ʯشš

һʹҶȽֳһͨ
ͥһȥǽӲӵĹϹƯ֮УһЩϵĶоڣҲƯڹգػأһЩޣƺУɵš
ͥźеۼ
ɳأרΪЩŶ׼ģΪǣǧʱ䣬Уƣн֮ǰ뿪طǣǿйĵ๦ǧ꣬ԶԶȥɣ
ܿͷһƬƯĹ߿գǰһĹȺһɳǣ©࣡
Ƿɳλˣ
Ҷ򱧻ӴǱλ˻ϣ̤һ𽥷ǣ˲䣬ҶȾ͸ܵܶϤϢϫӡӡΡԪƲصϢ
ţۼ֮У
ৣ
ǣҶȾͶһأķвٹѲߣЩˣϢǴϹϢ˵ĺܶԣԪΪϹͥӵеϹẉ̂ò˼Ӫ֮С
һܣءءɽ磡
ʯ
ո̤ǣҪȥѰԼаĹȻ֮䣬һͻȻڽֵԱߵһʯҶȵĿ⡣
ıģʮֵĹϣȻϹɽ磬ҲԪ֮һıʷ棡
ÿһʷ棬оҵ֮ʣ͸һֺȻдصǣֻϧбʷ棬ģҲ˵±ĵǿߣδһĪıʷ
ϧˣһ׹ϵڴˣߣЩʷİ
Ҷȣ
ȻӰԱһƹֵ߳ʱüҶȣ˵֮¶һ
Ҷȥû뵽ǹˣΣ
һϫӵȵɽɱһˣ˭֪أɽ罻ᣬΪ֪ţޱڵΣдֵ˵
һҲҶȷŷ𿴵ǧǰɽһĻĻ¡
ĵӣգڳɳΪɽš
Ҷʦܣһ£ҵʦ֣ʦ֣κȻ¡صؽλꡣ
һλŰƣɢǿߡ
ʦ֣û뵽ҼޱӵһţһᣬһᣡҶʩ
˵Ҳ̫˷δûᣡʦܣߣ
赭Ӧһ䣬㳯ףȥ֮ǰҶҲ΢΢ס
衭
֣ͬΪһɵ˵һҲİ
ֶѩŵӣôޱȻҲУ
裬ޱӵľţγ꣬˶֪ţɽ䶯Ĵ¼
Ȼ֮Уֻһ裬ǧ裬һǾţ
û뵽ʶޱһĸŷγΪߣβм˵ɣ
ʧıӰҶҡҡͷидĶ֮࣬·Զ⡣


1006 ڤ๦
ƺΪж⽨ģط΢ȴǹȥʿµкۼ
ǣҶȵһ²УѰҸĪкۼǣѰһ֮أ
ɹһƬҶȼһɽûеĺۼҲûϢƾһͨĹʣ

ҶһЦ̷ɽ
ɽʶʮֹϵģֵǣûֲƺ޷ҲйֲۼҶһ֮С
ʩչγһƬη
ϣͥѰҵϢ
Ȼû֮£ͥ˳ʱ䣬ϺһĹˣ˵䡣
ʩչ龻֣˾Ϣ
ѹҶ˵Ѿǳˣо޽֮治˶̤ģѹ̫ˣϰ߹ϵ
һȥ
ˣ
ڻ龻ֺȻʧûһ㲨˿ӦҲûУҶۣһʧûϢֻɽ֮У
һ˼ҶȾҪץʱ䣬쵽һǧ꣬˶ߣԽţһǧ֮ͥã
ʱ䲻ãͥǱ
Ҷ뿪ϵĴɽһаŷɽƺɽЩ΢΢ϢҶҲôţԼģ޷
žأħǰһꡭ
ħ֮Уеĵõˣ
ûɶãħҲһƾǰվţҶһɨͼһϤӰӣǰһžԱߣһ
أ
û뵽ǣôڶˣҶȷɹȥڰͣ£ͬ˯Ƶģ΢΢˫ۣһħ
ƾɵ·͸һ˿˿ķԡ
ħţԽԽ࣬ԱߵžأϾǧʱ伸ʣ࣬ҶͷŸӦȥʹУһЩԵϢ
Ҳ˵Ƿʿľǵ
ͥռϹ֮żҲСһһϹɽ̣Ǿ£ȥӪɣʥʮԼԶҲ޷ӵе̣
Ҷ룬оȻиӦħȥ
ˣ
Ӧո͸ħΧȻһɹϵĿֲħҶ̺ϢȻ𿪣棡
û뵽ħڵħ˵Ĺ죬ħżѡħ֮УһλԶŵħǿߣŸַӡɱħ֮Уħ̺ħϢ
أ˱ħڵţħ֮еıʱ۰ɣţڶʱ䣬ͥõһһۣ
ջظӦȻ޷֪أħ֮Уõεȵı
꣬Ҷھ˯ʱ䣬һģһջˣ
ҶĶ֣õҶȵϿɣԶҶ˵˿ʣ󷽵طߡ
Ҫһں򣬹ؼǳΣ̫޼°˻ҪںϡҪ򣡡
ĿģҶѾƻˣҪѰҷĺۼпòͬۺϵ
һδεѰż
ʡеĺۼڹֵһЩԶŷ֮У飬ûĿ꣬ʧԼǧ굯ָʲôջûС
ţ
һѰңһͷǿӦҰлʩչ龻֣ϣû龻ֵܵԼҪĶ
Ȼ
Ҷ৵һһƲȫĹǽǰΧвٹǽһϧʷ֮лˡ
ǽ֮ϣһλãһЩϵġ
ЩģҶҪѰҵģͬϢ
Ʈ鲽
ҶϸϸһĿͷ֣ϸϸһⲻһż򵥵һַʩչĲ
֮ϣв
ɵúĶȥԭŷΪƮ취򡱣м֣Ʈ鲽¼һ֣֣ȫǽưܣʧˡ
еⲿ֣Ϊ淨򡱡
淨ģҲֻʣһ֣Ҫһģ˵淨һ෴ķȥһԲ̬Ƿȥеķ
һ׸ķ
ͬʿͬķ򣬶˶죬ȻƮ鲽Ĺǿߣһλߣҵķ
һҶ򣬶ǵȻ
Ҷϸϸһֻ淨ϰ벿֣ﵽռγɵƣ
ƣǻ
Ʈ鲽һֽڻƿյ״̬£ﵽСǧһ㣬յĴͨ
ֻϧŲֻһι淨ģһֻ鷨ڣһŲǾͨ
ضǽżֻвֵģĶ϶Ͳȱȫ¼ҶȾͱһͷȫһײȱģ
һķϹͥװóǵˣȥУ
ݣ
Ҷ˫ֻ̯ӿһ⣬໥ںϣĦ֮
䡫
ֹ򡢶ϣҶȲʩչַ֮Уһδεںϣ飬飬ںϣͣطΪǽĵһƪϹ⿿޷ڤġ
ֻаղͬĸһδε÷ѰƵĴڣ
СҲһͷ飬̫ȻȻ֮УҪʲô̫ѣ
½ε飬Ҷδһ֮ӱ򣬵ǰѾõøӴ졣
ϧƮ鲽ȻԵϧҲ޷͸ҶȼΪվɲָֻȻ
˾޷׽Եģϧգȴ
¾
ҶֿʼѰԼĻԵȻͥǴǱԼ֮٣
ɹһżţϧδҵҪıأͼһٷһһǣ
һǧ굽ˡ
ôţһһ뿪Ҷ΢΢̾Ϣʱ죬գһǧ͹ȥˣ뿪ĶǴϱԽţҶȡȵȶߣʣʱ䣬Ҳֻǧѡ
˷ʱ䡭
ҶȷɹһżʱһӰһ֮зɹһ£Ҷ¡
ϵżֻһһԺᣬо͸ɿݵĺ
򵥣ųһȻһ
źӰߣҶһż֮У£ŲȴѸɿݵĹҶȾܴУܵһ˿˿
˭õʮٵϿɣе壬ĸֲ֪֮࣡
ڤ๦
һƬķбб壬ڹ֮µһʯϣĨȥٵ֣¹ġ
ڤ๦ҲһУµĹģ
ĪһԪЩϢϢȻŹǰһĵ塭
һԪ񹦷Ҳ൱ģҶȴδо֮УԪϢ෴ž޲ʲôϢûС


1007 䲻
ڤ๦
һż֮УһƬԺᣬݲݣʯ֣ټǰŹƳżоżˣӦòŹ
ˣ
һϣȻ֮ǿߣ
ЩżкۼƺԼһԵʿסȻ֮ͬԺǰĹҲʿӵʶʼУճΪһ
֪ڤ๦ԴĹԺˣµһ׹
Ź̺ر֪ٸ£ȻɿݣȴҶʯ£ؿÿһġ
֮ҶȱʩչԪ󣬿ʼڤ๦
޷ڤ๦ȥ߶Ԫ󣬲ȥԣ޷Ԫˮһ̲
֣ȥ߶Ԫȴ˿ûзӦȻһڤ๦Ԫ񹦷֪йϧδйеİ
ȻһĪչ
˿̷ףΪ֮ǰӰ˵˷ʱ䣬ڤ๦ȥһ꣬κջ
϶һžͨ
Ҷ֪޷֣񼢶֮ˣž¥еĴ⣬ֻ۹ⱥ
Īǡʯϵǡ
һöҶȻŷ磬ӹϵҶǰƮϣǿҶȴҲʯ
޷ҵҶֻҶȻһݣЦЦʼ߶Ԫ󣬲ȥڤ๦ǿӹѰ
ɲ׳˶ģҶȸоڹ֮УҶӡ֦ɶţʮֵǿңҶȾؿȥ
ۡ
ȥ
Ҷȸо޲ϢԼǿ̫񣬺ȻԺһͬȴ֦ҶïĹȡ峿ĳ֮󣬹ҶӣȻ΢΢ز
ȻֵһУͻȻ
ⲻǻ󣬻þеۣۼ
޵ˣµĵۣ
ҶԺֵǹۣΪ֮һֱţⲻȻǹõ֮ʣԼۣ֮УֻиϢˣ֪ܡ
ȻǴľ޵˵ĵۣ֮ҰȥݣµۣҲǼΪģ屦޷ںϣҲͲʧԪʧűԶУ
ԺĳҶһ̾Ϣû뵽ͥõһݵ۵ĴУ
ֿʼƽӦеҪõΪٵкۼ
ϢƺΪһ磬ȡĹӭ˳ڳ£㿪ʼȻɲ֣һ棬һظȡ仯档
裡
Ȼһ죬ӭ籩磬·Ҫɽ鱩γɹˮŹû棬źˮʧںˮҡҡ׹ʼû壬ƺҪΣΪΣ壬Ӻˮ֮ӳȥ
ѷ·ֹͣںˮУ粻£ϵɱ䣬ɱΪںˮ֦֮֮Уֱֱۣץһںˮ֮УһɽҲδˮ塣
ˮֳ£ˮȥʱԺᶼưܣһӹɳΪһмƬҶСֽŻƤ״ع鵽֮Уȡ
Ȼһ죬ٴηɳȻСһΣֽſʼɱΪ࣬ûκηֱ𣬲ʱ䲻ֱ̫ܳ仯棬Ȼʼϱ仯Ϊࡢ塣
գ·һŹ
ֻʩչ˾ͲΪһһƬС֣СҲΪһƬԣֻΪһ࣬ϵУģҲûٱ档
ȥˣĵ壬ҲǱΪȥʧȥʯ
ڤ๦ȻʱΪصƿأΪȥӹ磬Ϊ֮һδεУø壬岻𣡡
ȻԪ񹦷һ̬УҲ᲻̬ͬհ̬һҪģۺϲͬĹ𣿡
ʶɱ̣Ҷڤ๦
һжԻΪΣΣֿûκʵ壬̬Ḷ́
һα仯Ϊ壬ôˣܾУﵽеľͷѰеı˰
һ棬ڤ๦һκ
꣡
ìܡ򡢷֮ʣϢ֮䣬һƽپͺشҶڳֻһЩ顢֮ҶƤһЩҺ
ҶȵϢƽ˲ðԵޱȣ·һУԣͿԴܡѹ
ɵ߽ףǺǣȻͻ߽ס
ƽ֮ܿʧݵĽ񾳽ͻôֲɵ߽ף̤ɵ۸߽ףͷųƣԿڡ
䲻ڣ
ͻ֮ҶȲûеһʱȥ仯Ǽţ֮ǰڤ๦¿ʼ
ڤ๦ľǱ䣬䣬ҶһδεԪ̬̬֮ҶȺȻһУҲΪͻɵף߽׵ĸԭ
䲻ڣڤ๦ǵȻ֮ı仯̣ʵȥ仯ııȻڤ๦޷ʵ
ʿҲһħавͬʿʽգԶڣ
Ǳģɰٴڤ๦õһ㣬ȻʺȥУУȴҶףԶʧңҵУǸҲҪġ
ʵ˶ס
ҶȻۣſʼӦɵ߽״ı仯Ҳ¿ڤ๦
ҡ򡭡κʿ˵ǿ󣬵ȥյģҶôһΣѵɹ

Ϊǿຣ
ΪҶ֮У
޷Լ޷Ȼ
һζӵǿʵһžȴ޷ӹĽʿڲϵС
е;УһΣһΣվһ¸߶ȣȴ޷Ľͻ᲻γµƿѹɻ
ֻвͣУһΡΡΡظҵĥУϵĸ򣬻ӵвģ߳ຣ
ҶվתȻûκθı䣡
ৣ
ָһץһӡͷ֮С
ĵ۴Уôϣţлڤ๦
ԭҶʩչͨһӡڹ֮УڴеţԵߣܵõС
ֹȥ꣬ʱȻãɵ߽ףûʱúУ۲仯
ֱͥһ⣡
ҶȲ뵢λᣬҲûͻɵ߽ףҸطУʵɵһͻ߽ףҶȶδչһΡ
ɣ


1008 Թ
ȻǸżͥţṩ
ҶѰʮ޷֣Ѱңĳ棬һŵıأȥ
̤ص֮ͥʱδ֪֮Уһõٹġʯϴݣ
˵Щÿһɽ磬ǼΪеıͥȴܴõ
ϴݣֱֶ޷ҶȵģҲɽ磬޷䱦
ǣƫƫͥһһ֣Ҷһ˾͵õô౦ôţȻҲиֲɽڹͥ˵
ˡ
һϿգҶȸոƳһ棬ƺǺɿݵĺףһЩšԲǣ
Ƭĺ󷽣һƺҪݵĹҶȸոշɹԪһ龻֣΢ʧˡ
ҶĴڣ
Ҷü󼤶ͣǰϸһͼڣǺֲԼƬɺ
ǡϢ
̤빬ʱʹһϵϢҶ˵̫ϤȻ΢ȷȷ³롢ͬϢ
Զǿеż
ֲû龻ֻףԭǰеĵȻưܣ龻ףһı
ҶȻž뼤飬̤빬ѾưܲŲ޵ĵ񣬶ÿһ񶼿һЩģȻǾ춯صҲ屦
ʩչӡÿһĶһһ¼
ء
Ҷȱһʱͷޣ֪ʲôʱſţһʲôƵģСβͣҶؽ˽С
˲վҶȸоɻ޿϶ǸӦʲôϧֻЩ޶ı
ء
ٿ
СβһڣҶȾͿڿлһӰ޾Ưһǵ֮ϡ
ⶫһбأҶȶ޷ֵ֣ܷı
ֻȤĪʣص
ǰզһǣĪԼһɶ󣬵ҶȷʱȻȴ֡
ʲôǣһǣ
׻˵ĺãǧ꣬Ѿʼ࣬ûûرϢֻõµϢ߶ǣͬҲ߶ǵڣ
ϸϸ˼һ޻صҶȼͷţ·𲻸ʲô£յ˯
Ҷȿʼ߶һɹ۵ѪϢŵԣȻŴǣ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬۵ѪϢ·ȼ߶ǣʱ𶯣ǿʼƯһϣһɫӡ״Ҳǹ̬
ȻҪϢܴ߶ǵˣҪĺˣȵµı
龻ֹȻףҶܸоǣһǲ֮
ԣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȽӴǷӡʱȻ棬ܵһɵԣ
ҲҶȻҪһܸӦԣںϴݵҶ˵ֻһ˿˿̰ԣԸܵ
֨֨
Ƿӡ·Ѿ߶ӡ֮еʱʱĦ
ಣ
Ҷһݣ̰ѹӡ䣬Ȼ뿪Ա߷֮УϢαװһϽ䣡
ǷӡһǾأ
ռ䣬֮УҶȲԣγɷȹϵӡ֪̺εȱ⿪޷ѹƵĻͻɾ޴䶯˿ӣ
ƣ
Ҷ˫ץסһԣڹ֮ϣӡʱͷŹϵ⣬һӡʮֹϣҶӵϢԵӡϢӦ֮󣬷ӡ֮оͳһЩӡָ
ǿķӡڳҪҺõõѪĴУӵϢȻҪ⿪ӡҲҪȴ۷壬ڣ
ͷԪ񣬽ӡ֮УһӡۼܿҵӡԿףʾѷӡ⿪ʱһɵϢΪһһɶɫ꣬ͻأա
ϢȻһԭ꣬ҲһǿĴڣϧ֪ʲôԭˣ
ɣ֮Уд֣ŵȴӵԣǷһľ裬ԣԲǰһͬһĴڡ
ˡڷ磬ѩʱڲ彨֮Уͼڣ֮꣬йϵ꣡
ӿĻ棬ڷУҶҵһͼڣȻǰǿ꣬Բǵͼ꣬壬Ȼ٣ʷҲֹ̳
ɽʥ룬Ҫ٣
ϧ꣬ûаԼĵۻǴУֻܿЩģʲô
˷ܡйƽҶȿʼϸϸģüҺȻһϢԣǿʱ٣ȻҲܳҲʮֵǿʢԽࡢ࣡
һȻϵģʱҶ۾˸ԣˮʹ
㿴ˣԭһƪģйǰ򵥵Ľܣ
ҶȻ˿ʱüɫ裬ԭ֮ǰ²ⶼǶԵģһǰȻһĴڣȻûжɹ٣ΪѾﵽԲΪۡ
۵֮ǰ£ҲԪϹżԪ֮ķ϶Ҳ˵ϹŵޣҲԪĴڡ
һֻܳһʱ䣬еĵԲŻ֮ϣһžҲǿ
Թ
ⲻһŹԵǡﵽ˼ز
ǿķ
ͨĹǣһǱޣڼӲ֮ϣһֻϣܷǿĹ
û뵽ۣϸԪڵʱϹͥйһϸϸ׽ҶȾͷָ۵Ĺȥ
ȻҶȺܾȣҲ֣۵һԪȻȻϸԪеͥй
ֻմϹͥеľԱĸо
ǰһǿߣϧҲ֪ɹ̤񡭡ԹΪ壬ΪĹ屦
ϸϸоԹϵ룬ҶȾ;淢֣ȻԹǴ츳Ӳ֮ϣĹҲǿеģֻȻô⣡
úãǿĹֶΣʥǹ컯ȭ֮ȴһֱûǿķ
һž׵ϹҶѪڣǿĹǿķҶıȻ͸ٵķ
ԲľͷµȻзͨ
͸ԹʱҶȾͷֺڵģʹŷ򣬵еķҪ츳УգҶֻһֿеķ
Ϣ


1009 ˲Ϣ
Ϣ򡭡Ϣǰǿ츳ͨȻûԹһǾ춯أ
ʼעԹڣһЩںģͨ۵Ĺȥ㲻ѷ֣۵츳ͨϢ
Ϣ򣬾ǿ츳ͨ޵츳ͨضĻ
ֻϧ츳ֻͨӵߣȥУ
Ϣ󲿷֣Ҷ޷Уе˲Ϣ򣬵ʺУ
ڰԹĴͷβһֲ©ҲȫУջ񣬾ԹзʽоǴӹϢ֮Уһֿ츳ͨķ
˲Ϣ
Ȼ֣ҶԼ
ۺ֮У츳ͨĺʽҲǶԷգﵽһ˲ͷš졢ƣ˲ϢǺ֮䣬˲취ռ䣡
Ѱ£ʩչ򣬴Ҫһӣһ˲Ϣ򣬿˲һƬռ䡣
ͬ˲졢չˣ
˲ϢҪú취ռ䣬ڷãĿƣҪӵ
ҶȻ̬˲¶֮ɫٴϸϸһͷצӶŷ񣬹ֲóΪ꣬ݾ⣬ٴΰ̬ӡ봢䣡
ԹҪܳʱгɹֻ˲Ϣ򣡡
ʼԣ̫¯һȼգΪҶṩͻɵףδﵽ۷壬ҪںϴݣѪŨɱ䣬ҪȥѪ
˲Ϣ򣬺Ҫ
ʱҶҲʼ˲Ϣ
Ϊչ׷򣬶ڷвٵĵãҶ˲俪ʼ߶Ĳ𵤣ʼת
ֹ򣡡
ãŴһӣǰƯԿռ䣬Լɾ룬˲ӿ̫һɿռ䣬˲ԾͱżֻͬʯƵ̫һ
ֹռ䣡
ǾֹܿƵķռ䣬ڿռ֮УһʶǾֹģ
Ȼֹռ䣬޷ҶǿֻܽͬߵµǶ֣
ಣ
ֹռ䣬Ҷȴ߶˲ʧ

ͻأش߶ɴľֹռ䣬˲ֳһδοʼͷţգܶʼ֪ٴΣ
ֱӺʩչ򣡡
Խǿ󣬺Խǿ󣬵÷βȥȫҪģҶȴС򹦡Ѫ壬ǿ̶ȣޡ޶Ҫֲ
ҲΪӵйϢ츳ͨ
ײ۵ĵõԹֱΪҶ
ǵ̣˲Ϣ
ǵ̣Թǿķ

ҶͻȻ죬͵һоƵģ˼άȫҲһ̶ᣡ
ֻǰգƯԣ΢ȻҶһƯٶһЩȻ˶
Ҳ˵֮ʱͷŵķδȫγɾֹռ䣬߶Եľֹ
˲仹Ҫƾֹź˲ʩչγ˲Ϣ򣬿˲Ϣ֮䣬ʩչ򡢾ֹ
˲Ϣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ơƿظַͬǣҪǿȥȫ
һҲ㼫Ϊ
˲ϢҶһѪʼһδεطУҶѾյУҪľǷУֿơС
һһΣоҪ͵סį
ٿٿ
գϳһĴֻǱ
ռеԣʱǾֹʱֺȻͬ˳һ̿Ħ£Ҷںڳ֮УͷŽӲӵĹ
ֶĳۣҲʱ죡
û뵽ڲҲɱ䣬
ȥҶȾط֣ʩչϢ򣬲ûж󸺵оԽԽ䣬ָоԳһƬأӿԴһƬأѣ
׷򣡡
һ߶ֹ֮Ҷȿʼһַ򣬾Ǵ޼˻֮У׷
ʵ˲Ϣ򣬿׷Ԫʩչڰ׾ʽ࣬˲Ϣڰ׾ǿԪȥʩչֻ÷ʽͬ

˲䣬ҶȸоβͰһ
ɲǼ䣬һͷų׷

ҶȾԴȪͷųʱõѣǰգ˲γһƬȼյĿռ䡣
׿ռ䣡
ڰ׾е̫죬˲Ϣ׷򣬵ñ׵ö࣡
һΣҶȺҲң׷γ˲ϢҲȻö࣬ʩչֹҪ׹롣
꣬꣡
гһδε׿ռ䣬Ȼʧٴ֮ҶȾһͷųֹ
ͬʱͷžֹ붯򡭡
ಣ
һ·һڷβоΪһʯȻͻȻ
ٿ
ռǳ־ֹ״̬ԶƯȻȻֹռ俪ʼھֹ״̬£γһɶĦγƻ˶

ɷʼÿռѷ죬Ȼƣ
ಣ
һṦҶĿռ䣬ʧ˲޵ػصҶڡ
ظ֮ǰʼһδͷžռ䣬ڳһ飬Ϣ

ǣһ޴Ưıԭ֮УҲһϵżǣиֵż֮ıԭȷټ

ԭ֮Уͬи౻ʣڱԭأһĿĵкۡ
ʦã汦
һλһλȹŮӣշԭƲײγһδεľ𶯡
ʦ֣λҪæҶȡԭ֮Уڵıѩ֮꣡
˷ɹ籩ȹŮӻʱ¶ϫӳ׵գƱԭıӡ
ҲںУƱ仯٣Ҳڽͥʱ䣬õʵ
󵭵·ԭƺк֮ѩ֮꣬ʦãΪ۵Դ
ѩ֮Ҵɳɽ˽⵽ģҵõɳɽλǰĴк󣬾Ͷļ֮гԽһ˵ĸ֪ѩ֮꼫ΪƻģһõѰüۣͲÿŵɫ£
ֻҪʦ뷨ʦȻʦõģʦɳɽĹϵ֮󣬽ȻᳬԽѩ
ǺǣҵĿģҪ£ɳɽǿߣѩȴʮӣɽķйϵ
ʦãҶʦܣҺɣôˡȻҵѣ
Ȼ䣬üҳһصɫ
Ҷʦܣ
ϫʱøӱ䣺ҶʦŲʵ̫ǿҴ״ʦ·ϴҲŵԴۣʷϣֻмٵӣܵԴǾ£
ʦ֣ʦΪģʦʦʲôʦһһüͷϫӣĵ˵һԷθģ
ģʦý󲻻㣡ϫһЦ·ԭȥ
ǡ
ʱϣֳһЦȥ


1010 ޼᲻ݵˮ
˲ϢҪһδεУͻƳʱŻӦ֣
Ưھռ䣬Ҷǰ棬ʮɾ޴ľֹռ䣬źֹռʧˡ
һѴﵽɵ߽۷壬򣬽ɵ۰˽ױָտɴΪںϴݣģɱΪԣʱʱ̶̿ҵֻѪٶȲˡ
ԣҶȴӴֹͣУڵԣҲҵĲɱ䣡
ৣ
Ӱһʧھռ䣡
ۺεȵǰϹŻԪİɣҲԹʧᴫи壡
ż֮УںϣƯգ򹬵һ˵ĸд
뿪ͥصֶ죬ٺúԹ֪ʲôñȥȡ
Ҷ̴߶ǿߵĹż
ѰһżһЩƯʯȵȣĵãȻĪ⣬Թ٣ҲһЩȱвڲЩ
Ͼɽ磬Ҫ
Щ֮Умٲ֣ߣֲҪ
񣬵ʲôܣ
Ȼܣϧ˲򣬶δ˿ջ㿴ʮ˲ģΧ񣡡
һ¶żУΧŲˣһߴʮɵĵ׷ۣԼʮˡ
񣬾ȻͷڲͬϢʥׯϣԣԽɵߵĴڣ
˭ܣΪ߲ǳΰ
Χ۲ţֻҡͷ̾
ϸµϧɵ磬֮ĦʧȥԭеԣԻǿϧ޷ԣҪװ
һӰԶ
ҶȰзһͷŸӦԵϢӿ
ˣ
о߶һϵʶҶԪΪ֮һͻȻʧҲͻȻȻҶȵĸӦԽϣڲ
һȱӡӳӦ֮УϧưܲӡѷǲȱиҲǿƿѰұڲ󣬾һ
ֻһ̶ͨѣһΪͨȻɵɡ
˲ҵ˴𰸣ҶȾתѰңɹƬͥգǰϹż
ৣ
ȥ죬ʱҶһǰ
ƺǰһȻ٣ϧûдٲ쵹УвеĵУȻ޹ؽҪǶãһġ
ûд֣ҶȼǷУѰұأٴ󣬰ѷɹʣµûз֣ô֮Уǰǧһ滹ʲô鷢˭Ҳ֪
ôƬż֮һЩʯͷ޼ʯһ˿ֳһɹϢ
֮ѰϰٴżһЩֵʯżʱȻֵɢһЩƴʯ飬ŲͬϢ
ЩʯīɫҲЩǰɫ֪ʲôʣоʯ飬޷Ӧġ
ͨʯͷͷ绯˰ɣ
ҶȥʯͷһصĽȻ֮󣬴Ҷ룬ͷʯ飬ʯ֡
ʯʯϣһʯˣǶһʯֵ̬ʯҲȷ¸ĵá
ʯ֣ǰһ֮ء
Ҷϸ߹һʯ壬ʯ岢ߣԼʮɣģ࣬һЩķ죬м¼
ڼ䣬Ҳмʯ֣һ飬һһ뿪е΢ϸûкܴջ
ţ
һӨĹ󣬺Ȼ
ҶһƳɫһ鱦ʯģŹâȥһʯ˲ŵһˮ׹ҫ£ͷ߲ʰ쵵ĹâȻǿңʱʱͷų
ˮǰüһˮָֻСʯ˲ϣʯһŮӣһʮòŮӣȻŮϴװΣһһʴŮƺرϲʯͷ仹һЩʯ
ҲűʯЩʯʯͷͨԲû⵽˶ȡϵˮҲ·һµĻҳرңҲɢ߲ʹâ
ЩʯǷɽ紦ǡֻʣˮˮǷǳ࣬ˮ޷뱦ʯȣˮ˿ûЩıʯһֱûз绯
ЩƽˣҶȡˮһӿ£ˮ泾𿪣¶һۺ졢͸׵ľӨˮȻ߲֮⣬ˮû鱦Ĺ෴ӵȻĹ
ֲŮӻˮڲϣȷһѵõˮҶɻǣոͷ𿪳Ȼûжˮ˿Ӱ졣
Ҳ˵ˮʮֵļӲ
Ҷüͷһչǰһ͹ʯ壬Ȼˮػ
ݡ
ˮҶֱۣȻȻʯ壬ʯһгΣҶʮƽ
ʯһԣ
Ҷһץһ߼ʯʯʱ˲һգ
ٿ
꣡
ˮ羪軮ʯȻһʯȻмƿֳ룬¶⻬Ķ档
˼Ӳɣһԣ
ˮһҶȴǿڴץһƷ˵ʵȻܶ࣬ǰƷھɽҲǱˣһ飬۰
Ҫʧ
΢΢ˮȻ󣬸оҪֹͣˮػ
꣡
񡭡
Ҷʱÿ־壬ˮƷʱ͸ожһòػͶʱѣȻзӡܵƻһ˲仩һֶ
һһζȻһڲеķӡͳͳΪУ
һƷôˣΪһӵԵ
ɡ
Ʒôһ£Ҷ۵ȻֿˮͻȻðһ뷨ĪǡӲȣ
֮ˮܻˮӲȣӲԽߣȻԽˮԽɵʣôͲҶðһ룬ˮȣ˭ӼӲ
ɵʣɣʴɣȫֲͬʣ

뵽͸ɣҶȵԸһץһδ޲õһ֣֮С
ӦһȽӴһ֣Ȼģ󷨻һҶȴʱˮ׻һƷɵ磬ϱ
ԡˣ
ס·ֻһ˴ڣ
ٿ
ֻǸѣˮ㻮Ҷ׼ѹײ
ͣ
˭֪һʱ
ˮûһײ֮һػȻҶȾͼе棬Ȼһһ߳Ļָۣ
ˮӲȾȻ
ȻֻһµȵϵҲǷǳӲģڵĳۣҲ
ǣƫƫò˵ˮˣ


1011 ɵ۰˽
رˮƵһ龧Ө飬׵ػһƷǼӲ
һͨˮ
ӳΪɽ罻Ķߣһ̵ͥõٹġʯϴݡڤ๦ԹһǴ䱦Ĵڣ
Ϊ·ˣϹ֮ͥ͵ԭ
Ҷȿеˮоͥһջ
֪Ѫע֮ˮкεȱ仯ܣŻְɣ
ֻҪǱѪһӦ󲿷ֶںϣǲںϵģһǾ䱦һ㷴ӦûС
ǾͲýˣ
֮Ҷھ¶ģ⿪ˮܣȲ
ৣ
ָ̾һѪѪˮϡ
žણ
ԵѪˮϣ΢΢žҶȶʱ˫ۣڴˮѪںϵĴɱ䣡
һ

ʮ֮
ˮϵһѪȻһֱûжˮ޷˿ںԣһǻһˮˮã
ôеĺ桢ʱΪһԺļ䣬޷ףˮһΪξͲںϣ

ģһ̫һ̴ˮһʱ䣬ˮͷŵĹ󣬸ҫޱȣ֮еһҫ
һ˿˿ķӦ
ˮҫҶ¶ϲ̫һںϸļ壬ˮһ˿˿ĸӦ
ûʲôֻйâ
ǣûҶȸһᣬȻֹҶüâԻɫΪ߲ʹâȻˮ֮ϣˮ·棬ͷųĹâֹϡ
һ̣Ҷ֮УǻɫˮȻ仯һƬˮ
еˮʵûʲô仯

ҶȻرۣ΢΢һգ۾ͱúϢƵģ˫ֻش£Ȼˮ
ͻȻ˯һҶȱۣվʯ֮У
ʯһͬţûкҶȾͬЩʯˣΪǵһԱ
ʱ侲ĵģ
ôˣ
ȻȻԳҶȸоԼӶǻ磬һƬɫƯϤĻ߲ʹâһˮ
Ϊʲô
·˯˺ܾãһ˿ʶҶ޷Ƴ˯״̬֮УѹǸ޷壬ԺȻֻǻɫ߲ˮ
ˮֱͳΪҶΨһԼĶ

֪״̬ҶȵĺͻȻأȻԺ֮еĻɫˮˣۣо¶ȣһлָȻ
ֻǣһ̣ü֮һʣһץز˲һģȻǺĳ
ŵͷһ˫Ŷǣֱۡ۶ŹϳоգԺ͹ȥ˲׺ɣ
ɣ
һõͷҶȾһȻָһ㡣
ʱϼ鶯˫ͫһƬô£Ȼģʶ͹ȥһǧꣿһǧꣿ಻٣Ϊʲô
졢ɻּ֪𰸣
ϧͬո˯ѣһ󲡣˯ʱʲô벻ûʶһҲ·ˣ
꣡
Դ߶ʱһ·꣬Ҷȴ߶֮󣬾Ȼ໥Ħ
ͣ
ڻһֻ̣һƽ֮Ҷ屬δӦһƽٻ棬Ͱ塣
꼸ƽٻʱɢҶȵȻƽĺˮþκˣΧʯȫƾ촷ۡ
ɵ۰˽ף
ƽٻʧҶȲſŻ棬ǽͻƵĻ档
ոմ߶ʹɵ߽ף׽ɵ۰˽ףȻ˵ɵ۾ΪδҲ̫ͻأˡ
ɵ۰˽ףʽ̤ɵ۸߽ף
ǴʱҶȸоһδﵽеĴɱ䣬һ߽ʱ࣬ͻɵ۰˽ײûϵı仯
ôֻ뵤
ϼһˣҶȲ㾪ɵ߽׳󼸱ֹؼǣ·һȥݵϢţѪϸ
һ̫һʵޱȣ෴Ҳûжٵı仯ֻٴδʵһЩ
ѵˮ˯һǧ꣬ͿԪԶ
һͷ𺳵ʵǰ
΢΢̯ģˮʧȥ˶Ŀ󣬾һͨʯͷ߲ʹ΢Ȼ棬ûκ֮
һۡ˯һǧꡭ
Ҷʱٶ࿴һۣеľԱζϸϸһ룬֮ǰռˮʱûн˯ߣǴ߶̫һŻڿʱ˯ߣԱˮ
ˮȻͨأ£ͷŵȻֻĹѣϢ޷׽
Ѫ޷ںϡֻܴ߶Ҳ޷ںϡ
ˮһͷѶһȻ޷ںϣ
ʵҶȹϷʽȥں˹屦ޱȣȻ޷ںϣ˽˯ߣ˯֮Ԫܴﵽһұ͡״̬˯ߣͻƣ
ˮһϹͥǳɾҶȰɵ۰˽ףĽͻư˽ףͥͻĴ󾳽磬һۻԶ𣿡
סˮҶ¶ڴ飬Ȼָһ㣺һǧ֮꣬ǰǧֻ꣬ʣ¼ְ꣬Ѱ߰˰ˣӦûжٱˡȥ纣˵ʶˮ
´Ȼռ䣡
ಣ
磬ҶֳƯɫ֮ģҶȻطȥ֮ƺӦʲôΪˮʧ纺ǰ
ֱ
纺վͫǺӣ
Ҷ纺ߣо纺ƣǿ٣ӵѪٶܱȣڵҶȣҲȲϡ
ǵģҶȵͷóˮ
ˮ纺Ҳˮ
õ֮ùѪѪϧã̫һ߶ǲУֻǿһۣҾ˯һǧ꣬Ȼһ̣ʹɵ߽ףͻɵ۰˽ף
棿
㿴ˮк֮
ৣ
纺ץһ⺣ԣˮƺԴ߶ˮˮһ˿ӦҲûУȻȻƽ
纺ʧˮȷǱֻһӦû뵽ؼ仹֮󣬵ȻҲ⣬Ŀռ䣬ˮ˵ĳʱյ
Ҷȵͷǵġֻ̫һйϵ纣и뷨Ҵ߶ܷ˯ߣԣǴӴԺ󣬱У
ܳɹǲ󣬺ðɣ纺ûһ˿ġ
ˣ
һ̫һӿסˮҶȼһ߲ʹâ͸̾Ͳٿһۡ
纺ͫ𽥵ڹϵˮ֮ϡ

纺ͬҶһͱۣվţ
֪Ƿܳɹ
ˮƯ纺ǰҶֻѡȴ粽룬ػ纺ߣһɹ߶ˮھռ˯ٶǻӿ졣
䱾Ͳõʱ䣬һǧ꣬Źȥһѣһˮ纺ҲôҶӵһصб


1012 ĻɱӡĮ硱
ϧɾʬ壬ڻ޷ƣ
ػ纺˯֮ʣҶҲӵеı
䡢ǵһξԴɱõǿ飬Ȼɵõʮ𳬼ʬ壬ɾʬΪ
Щǰˮ޷͵ˮ
׿֮Ҷȱɾʬ壬ɾ˵ǿߣɽ磬Ϊﵽڣʬ֮Уӵа
ڵ¾ҶͻƳۣҲȥƽ⣡
һ룬ҶȾͷˣֻܰɾʬӡ
˲Ϣ򣡡
ʱ䣬ҶȾͿʼ˲ϢŽɵ۰˽ף˲Ϣײ٣ҪһδεУ
ԶѹƲǿֻ򣬴취򣬲մƷԼ
һǧ꣬ھ֮Уܿ͹ȥˣ
ʱ˯һǧꡭˮһĹԣôγ˯ʱҲһǧꡭ
Ȼ
Ҷȴ֮վ纺ԣ㣬һǧѾ࣡
ˮ纺γһ޷ȥŵϵ磬ҶȣҲ޷ȥƿϵˮƯţȻâ
񣡡
һԣ纺ͻȻҶȵѣ޷һ
ҵǣҶΪ纺Ӳ纺ؼҶȻػ纺ߣƱʱҶȳΪһӴߡ
ȫ޷ֿ纺ƣҶڿƮ˾ȻǧףһѪ
һķɫۣҲִƣ
һơˣ
һʱ䣬Ҷؿ纺ڵ磬оʱҪȥãɲԼУ
ֻһƣҶˣ纺ΪʵѾԶԶԽҶȣ

ɫ纺Ȼ˫ֲϵشһӡǿҶĿɫԣϱȻֻعڡ
Σ
ʧҶȲ纺ߣۣ˲ᣬƣָҶһʱ纺
纺һϢȻҶȣ˵һ涼仯ֻûôˣЧֻһ룬Ϊӵ̫һԭ޷õˮĸӦ
ĻֻʺУ
֪ǷǳʧֻԼˮУˣֱھУЧÿЩ
纺ҸоˮϢ̫һһΪصϢ֮ŻӦ˶У̫һں̫⣬Եĺڰʮ٣ȷֻܿˮҲҲƲˣϾҲĴڣ

һϯҶһʱĬˣΪΣõϧ޷⿪ܣһҶȾ뿪˾ռ䡣
ʱʣ֪࣬ܲһЩ
Ļᣬѣ
Ҷ뿪⴦żڰգѰһĹżʱʱһЩţ򵥵׻ȥѰһ
ٿ
ȻҶ뿪һƾ칬ѰüⷨոշʱһӰٴһǰסҶȥ·
һ꣡
һ磬ҶϤѵĺˣϤɱ˵ɱڵľǿߣ
δȶԷȿڣҶռȻȷʣʮɱӵĳԱ
ǣ
ɱĶҶȣ͸ɭɭϢҶȣѰܾˣǣҪҵ㣬⣡
Ҳ֪ǣѵɱңҶȷʵ
ɱ̹׳ϵҵȷΪɱɱ߼ĻɱӡĮ硯վģֻҵķҲϧ÷μɽᣬΪľ̨㣬ϧ̫ã
ҶһأĻɱĮ磿ıһǳۣ
Į죬ĿӥһǳۣҶȣʮɱӣ㣬޷Żصֶ죬һΣֶ޷㣬һ֮أֶ켸ţҲҪһͬᣡ
ҪɱңңĮ磬ɴˣҶȻ޷ŪĮ磬Ҫʲô
Į統ȫƿһЦ֮ǰʹ֮УҲǸһᣬϣͶɱڣұԷŹ㣡
𣿡
ʲô߼
ҶȺһ׹һʹԭΪ˻ֶ죬˶ֶЦɣ治Ļɱӡɵӣ
Ƿ·ԾĹ
񲻹°ɣ
ȻѰ·Ǿ͵뿪֮ͥʱһιȡɣĮ˲ΪʬƵģ׼ȥ
һȣ
ҶͻȻסĮ磡
ıˣ
ĮʱЦһľܣҶȣĳɳ켣ɱڶһһ¼ţɽɱɱţ½šЩ¶ԴԲƣѵõţеָ߶ȣ漣װˣʲôûʣ£ֻһѻǰˣ˭ǵֹˣΪǿߣܳ
ͣĮ磬ʵҽס㣬ֻҪ㽻֣Сٺ٣һᱻɵŰζ
ҶͻȻסĮһûһ˿ݣ༥Į磬ֱӵԼ㡣
ʲô
Į΢΢һǲˣһɻ󣬶ʱЦΪδﵽۣҵķѾ׼ۣҶȣǲ֪ߵغ񣬼Ȼ㲻ҺǾһܣ˵ʱһӱ
ಣ
ҶȻΪһ裡
ǲײĲᣡ
ҶȹĮ缥Цһ䣬ץһֲɱ̣֮·һֻҪҶȲڽ£
ڵģ
ɲǣĮ磬ҶȣӳռĦĿֲɱУ
ٿ
ɱ̫ԵͥĿռ䷨򣬾ȻĦ˾ңҪǺҶϣҪҳࣿ
ҶȹֳһӰɱǰʧ
ͣ
Ȼ䣬Įǰһ㣬һѪ
ܣܣٶȣΪܴﵽ˾˵زĮ⿴ҲֵӰѡ
ɱһӵˣʱ˿̣ǲǷֱɱζҶȼĮǰ
Ȼ󡪡
ſ£
ֱһƣҶٶȣĮͷĮһ޷ĵ˵ڵϡ
䣡
ţҶһŲĮϡ
Įһ𳬼ۣĻɱӣȻҶһɵۣϣֱѪҶȣҪɱ㣬ҪʬΡ̫޴¶ĳѹ㵽ʱֻ·һ


1013 Ͻ
Į磬㲻ãڵ㣬˵Щ𣿹һ𳬼ۣǴˬˬ
䣡䣡
Ҷɱڣ
һһŵص̤Įϣ·ӲʣҶȽʼ飬ĮһĻɱӡ
һֻ󣬱ڽ£
ȻڸҶ֣Ҿõʱ׷ɱİ취ҾͲţı𣬻ͥҳ֣Į磬ıԼɱڣͥܰɣ
ǱΪԸңϧ÷Ҫ۵ϣԸһɵۣ
֪˭ڣǲĶа֪ɱڣһȺ̰㳢ʹ࣡
ħҶȾԵĶħ
һɷŹѪɫӿ֮кӿ˲串ĮѪɫʼȼա
ɱڡû뵽ɳĻɱԸңĮ磬һ͵ʴף֪ҵֶΣ
ѪɫĥĮ磬ҶȾѾжԸİ취زֹһĮ磬Ӧû֣
ٻٶ٣һҶȵֶΣ
ҲŹģ
ĮУȥҽУһĹ͹ѰѣϧҶȵֶΣԸڳ۶´࣬οһۻɵΪķ
ۣĻɱӣĮ磬ھһŷ࣬ͥķ
ĥ˷·һħԼĥĶĮʹ໽УҶȿѪɫĥʮգһưĮιȥ
ɱڳԸҡϧ˭Ҳ벻ɵ۾ڣݺ޵УڣҲݺ޵еģ
ҲҪΰɱɱɽôãȻޱȡʣʱ䲻ˣʲô
Ҷȷӽһ֣ƺһȻ֮йĵϧûκµıҲǱǰţ͵õˡ
ͥõġϴݡԹˮִɵĽ׽ɵ۰˽ףνĴʣʱ䲻࣬ҶȻǼּѰҹ
ˣ
λţʱѵٷƶ

ÿһץᣬڹż֮ѰұʱǸ߿գٻ
˲ϢһǧλţӲͬɳϿգϷвٹڵȴһŴﵽǽȥһ֮ͨС
Ҷʦܣ
ϫʦ㡢ʦ֣
ҶȲδżȥˣڰͣһ󣬴ԼͼϫӴһһ
Ƕ˿д
иܶϢ仯ȻһʵΪ֮ͥǰǿһֹֹһ˵õϫȻҲиԵ
ʱ仹ʣ֪꣬ƶʲôط
˷Ͽգһ˾Ϊ·ˣ˽ֶͨͨͨֻ࣬Ǹǿضѡ
ڹ֮ͨУϫҶȡͷԱλɵӣʵ
ҲŮ˵á
λˣһ߰ϵģҶ䲻һƳϫӣЦӭˣƶͥͥУеʥأ·ɽÿһĶߣʸһλᣬǿԵõͥǰΪǹඥҲѡһϹǿ֮µĵۣҿλǴﵽɵ۷Ϊǽƶ뿪ͥãͻ̤볬ۣΪǿߣ
ඥ
ۣ
ϹͥԶߣΪ˼ĽԽ
һ޷ȫںϣʲôãֱӵÿ죡
ඥֱһǿߴ͹Ϊϴ裬볬۵ڻΪۣҶȵõ޵˴еһõһϹžĴУҲǾ޴
ϹͥǴֱʰ
ʱҶȸд֣ඥģĸϲǿ߻ΪԼඥ磿
ϹͥȻŲԼĵӣȡ˽ĹඥڹأΪϹͥԭ
һǧŵӣ¹̤볬ۣϹͥΪ·ɽ磬ٳţ
ˣõõŵۣܽϫӰƳһ۶ˡ
ƶˣ
ʱŹһ֣ͨʧˣˣһ޴еĶ֮У·ڣһ޵Ĵ죡
Χвٹţ޾İƣ׵мλŽƶ֮С

һλͯӣҶˣָһھͳһӡͯʾҶ˽ӡ
ٿ
֮󣬷·˽һء
綼ǹ϶ңѹȣѹҶȡϫӡ󶼸оԳϰٽ
˾ǣǰһ޴ɶƺ֮Уƺγһߵǽÿһɶǽϣʵ̫𺳣˲˼漣ȷǴš
ʥأһ򣬶޷ȼ磡
ʱһڹǿߣǳۣһ𣬶ԺɨţƯڰյλţ֪ҶõඥõдУⲻܾģҷǰ󷽵ţֻܵõдУҷˣɵõඥ
Ϊʲô
Ȼܲƽеɣ
ƶ棬ֻܻߣǿϣףʼɣ΢΢˵һ䣬ָǰʲôҲûеա
ৣ
һŻ飬һһȥ
ƺйŹ֡
Ҷϫӡգ֪ΪΣڤڤ֮УҶȸоƶһɺܹ죬ȴ޷ĸо
оܲ
ֻϢ
֮ҶȻѡϢɹѪһһأ֮
ৣ
ǧŷգȻգȴŰ޷󷨣ţһ˾޷󷽣Լ֮һţȻȻطҷ
ˣ
ҶȸոսƬռ䣬ʱԺȻ龻֣һ龻ֿʼҵתͷųصϢ
ôѵϹͥҲϵƶƺһ֡һ˵ͨ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȸܵ龻ֹһǣȻͷһͬףʮֵǿ
Ȼ󡪡
৵һҶ޷ԿصطҷΪõඥһˣϫӡȻҲɹҷӪ
ʦܣϲϲ
ȵҶҷգϫʾףء
ͬϲ
ҶҲػȻϫӡλͬӪţħڡа̡塢ţһһ桢ʵҶҲҲУǸ衣
ԭȥӪɱڵĮȵȣֻܽܵ۴УҲ˵εˣҪǿʢ̫ࡣ
￪ʼǵķֽߣţϹͥǿ߾ҶȵڵҷӪ
ڵӪɫ٣Ľް
ͨͬһޣͥǧ꣬ʱ̣ŵӪԵԡ


1014 
ඥ
ţΪҷܹඥһţҶһҲ⡣
ǰõõˮ˯ǧ꣬ɵ߽׽ɵ۰˽ףﵽɵ۸߽ףһܴඥɵ۾ŽףҲǶ⡣
ɵ۸߽ףȻ߽ͬһҪܽɵ۰˽Ҫһʮ𺳵ġ
ҶǿزһԣҪѰɵ۰˽ʮٱ
ඥȻֲһ
ûģҲͨģ
ȻȻ̺һЩҲжľ
ඥȴϴһЩϢҪͨжɵĽᾧһںϣһ̺еĺۼ
Գ۵Ĺඥǿɵۣ
ɣҶȡϫӡΡ֮ţһΪŵĺĵӣͻõųۣඥϴԣţŻ䡢ǧ䣬ĬĬŵĴɡһԾΪɵ۸֡
ϲλ
ӵٴε
Ӫɶȥ
֮
Ҷȡϫӡڵٶţһ޴ɶ֮Уոսɶ
һתƺ磬ʲôûУȻûУ˿ƽƣ޷ſɶ硣
°ɣ
ٶţּڴķʱһ˯еĲ֮ŷ
֮£˿̣ΧתƺƺͻȻӿٶȣͷϷ·ƺ
һоǿյĽ֮У޷Կأ
Ƕ½ɽеٮٮߣһ˵ŲģЩΪǹඥɾδǿߣҵȵΣඥʼɣιඥ꣬ںϼɣɼ
Ȼ֮䣬תе룬ʮӰȻˢһ£ΧסٶţҲһֱӰ
ٿٿٿ
ʮӰλͻȻ䣬·мתϿ֮Уһ׹ƵϸϸžʮӰʩһɹϡ䣬ص֮нˡ
٣ÿһ˷ܡ֮ɫԱÿʩչͬӡʼ׼
أ
Ȼ䣬ſҶȼͷ˯ޣƺؾѣڼͷҶȿͰͽһ
ɲԺһϹͥ
Ҷ̸޼£ǸԻѹ޶Ҷƴӣĵر۾
ˣ
˿̣һˮͰִ϶ֱֳҶͷҶȲɵ΢΢һ
Ϲִź䣬һ˿ҲûС
Ҷȿûʵʵӡ򿪣ȻӡϢʼչඥƤʱ·ʮǿߣɶԼȻɶУͷųذ
ЩߣǴﵽ۷ǿߡɶһصϢһڵ𣡡
աں˲䣬ҶȾʹܵɶԴȪʮ𿴲òߣΪͷΪٶţඥ
ž
ȻΧǰϣһţһһƽٻϢ
˼ĹඥʮԲۣΪٶɵŹඥɶٶţʼ춯صɱ䣡
ʱϹඥڶţȫĽܹඥܣҲƱͷų
ҶȣҲ¶һƣϢȻţ
ȷӴ󣬿òաʩչԪϸܲЩǿߣֲ𵤵Ϣ
𵤣̺̫һԼԵһ¶ػ䶯
ʼʩչԪѹඥںУȻڵ֮Уһͨඥͨ𵤣
ʱ𵤿ʼɾֹ״ֿ̬ʼ΢΢ת̰չඥںϲ񷷨֮У
һ̣չඥ̺кۼԺֳһϵӰиַᷨӡ
ֻǣ޷УֻܸܵӰ
ǹඥӵеĺۼ
ȥꡭ㹻ò𵤴ﵽ۷壬յ̫Ϊе쳣϶ǿ߹עֻܻա
֪ʱôһʧ꣬·Ϊ룬һͷһȥȥһ꣡
ϫӵӦûض̣ܵУֶɳɽϢɳɽʥ֮ȻռҪĪǴŮǵõɳɽ򵥵һǡУ
ںϹඥҶȳΪٶ֮УٿĹעˣΪΪѾﵽ۷壬ĸţܴﵽȸ߶ȣ
Щţڹඥ޷ȥ񣬳ںϸ֮УҶʵڹඥԷ۲Ϣ
ҶĵˣȻϫ
ϫɳɽйϵɳɽˮԼϵ
עҶȴڤڤ֮У;󲻵أףҪȥھܣ
ֲϫֻǱҳΪ״ӣǧѣӵɵ۷ʵԭõɳɽĴܴС
ƺʱҶȲϫӣܳΪɽԭ
ǿһϵͨӽɳɽһŮɣðȻ鷳ˮһҳܣ
ʱ˵ϸĻᡣ
Ϣ
Ȼ䣬ĿŲڵУҶȾͶʱüͷϢֶ죬һЩϢƺֶͨɳǿߡ
ǣܣ̫Ѱǰֻһͼͨӣӹţһҹ֮ΪţżȻһĴõŻӹųΪţ
ϸоϢ
ǲԾģ
ٶţĸûϢϫӣҲҶȿӵɳɽĴϢƫƫֶֻ촫ΪϢ
󲻿ǵõֶĴһ³ΪŰɣ
󡭡أԼܣҸ֪ܣʼû˿ջ
ͣ
ȻһŵӣӿһƽϢ
˶ʱ֮Уɵ۾Žף˲ͻƣɵʮףȻֿʼչඥ
ȫգҲɵ۰˽ףŽףϧʱƽ֮бϢ˸ӦͲˣ
ҶҲӵнɵ۾Ž׵ĻᣬϧòˣôϹǿǰץܡ
ˣ
֪ȥ꣬ඥʱҪҲͻȻӴ
˿̣ҶԺȻӿ龻֣΢΢һҶȱоˣ·ҪͻȻٵĹඥߣڲ֪һЩ
ôඥһˣ
Ҷʩչ龻֣ɱˣű⣬ඥˣ
Ƿ᣿޷ۣϹͥȷŹ֣ڤڤ֮У·ˡ
þʱڣҶȶüͷϸϸ˼⡣


1015 ޵
꣬ඥĻᣬԽϧŵԽˣ
ϧҵ޷õϴ衭ඥ˵ǶϹϹɱǿߣϴĻᣡ
Ҷڵ֮УʱҲž
Щ飬Ǽ
Ҷֻò飬ǷӡϢ֮
ϧιඥǲܣùඥϴҶϴ֮仯϶ᾪˣٴαǿ
˵ͥ϶֮ǰǴʱĹඥ
Ҷ˵ඥȴǴϴݡġԹˮ
еñʧ
ͻͻͻ
Ʋ𵤣չඥ֮ʣȻΧඥ˲ɢȻһʧһӿϿ֮У
öƽϢ󲿷ˣѴﵽɵ۷壬ӵƽϢ뿪ͥŲǧ꣬ˣܳΪۣ
ඥʧգƽٵϢͻϢ֮ﵽɵ۷壬ֻк֮
Ȼι֮ͥУÿһ˶ΪǿߣΪ֮ǵŲŻɽ硣
ϲλӵƽϢϢƬ̣ͻ뿪
ಣ
ʮӰ˲ʧƵƲ㣬Ҳÿ
ſʼ͵ϢȻƺʧһӵкۼɹǽҹǽԶطǰ
ţǿʼǽǽ֮м¼ϹԼķ
Ѫ塭
Ҷϫӡ󣬾ۼһ͸Էǽ
ҶһǽɨȻڶǽʱͻȻһδ˿˿аģ
Ǽ¼ģȻҶڷ磬ĲѪ壡
ҶȥһȻǲѪ壬ֻȻǲѪҲѪ屾һδɵĹǽĲѪ壬ǱҶеҪȫ̫࣬㹦
ϧֻʺɵУϸϸһоѪķ·һ־֮УҲûȥĿܡ
ϧ
Ѫǰ֣ҶȻָʼУҶ˵Ը壡
ҶȰ¼ϣܰŹѰҳδ
޽塭
꣬ǽ֮Ҷַһ
Ϲɽ绹ϵ޽壬Ҳɽ磬ɱڣõ
ҵõĴ޽壬ֻǰйȻк沿֣
Ҷȼˣ޽Ȼ޳ɴʱӵһֲľ磬һԾΪ󣬲ң԰Ѵ޽壬󾳽磬ȥ
Ҳ˵޽ֻҪȥ죬ͻ󾳽зʽ
ԴӵõҶȾͿʼУҲϹϢҶȾ;ͬѰҲһɵĴУ
̫ˣӵĹԴţżȻӵд֮ƺţǴŹϹŵδԿ
ʱҶȾ;Ѵ޽壬иɵۣѴţɽ糬һš
ҶȼһйǽȻûжջ񣬿Ҳòķ֮Ųٺô
λţʱѵ
ɶȻӭһŷ籩ԭǱӴһȺˣ
Ҷȡϫӡ˷׷ײ򱧻ӣ֮󣬾űӷ뿪ɶ֮󣬾ͳͥգԼǵȵȵĹɳǣһȺȺɺס
ܿ죬һԶŵ۴еˣҲһȺգ뱧ӻϣȻʽ̤뿪ͥķӡͨ
λǧһμϣڹͥٴλȥɣ
ջһӡͨһǧţͨʧͥգ
֮󣬾ɽ
Ŀһâ֮ԾӡҲͷţһǧţգ۾һһӷӡ֮зɳصɽ磡
ſʼ໥𣬷ֱħڡа̡塢аȵշȥ
ʦ㣬ʦ֣һЩҪ£ҪȥЩʱۣ
ҶҲҸڣϫӡ𣬶һ˷գ
ৣ
һӰһӪҲŷɳȥ
Ҷȡܣ
ڲԶգĮʮɱӣһӰ
ӰĮķֻͣƬ̣Į籾ʹ𳬼ɱӣʮɵ۷ĸ֣һҶʧգٷȥ
Ȼˣϧﲻɱ˵ĺõطԶЩŸӦ֣
ҶƯɽ񷣬ѾӦĮ𳬼׷ɱٶȼ죬ɵٶܱġ
Ƭ̣ҶȾͷɵ۴أ
ܿ޾ԭУҶһƳ󷽣ۼԼһȺӰϢ棡
Ҷȣܵ𣿡
ȻǰɳӰ
ҶȲòȻֹͣˣĮı뱻Ҷһķ
ǳۣ˲׷Ҷȣǰɵ볬ۣӵ޷Խĺ蹵
ԣĮŻĵԣҶȾ޻·
ٺ٣
󷽣𳬼۴ʮɱӣҲ˲ںգڲԭϿգͬǻһҶȣ
ĮЦҶȣûлᣬ˶ԴҵķҲɱ㣬Ҫץɱڣµӣ
ޣѽ
Į籾к𳬼ɱӣҶȾȻû˿Ŀ־벻һ޵Դ
һٶûĮȸоʲô쳣ĮԶ֣˻Ϊһֲĺڷ磬Ҷϯ
֮ʱΪһƬ飬ǳ۵
ҶȴʱĮڷ磬ŷ񼦵ϾҪ飡
أ
޶ʱ˰βͣ
ٿ
һβӰֱӷӭڷ磡
ССһޣҲԣڷ֮УĮһЦ
䣡
ڷռ䣬ͻأһ

ţռ֮еĺڷ磬ʹزҽŤʼ˸
ţ
𳬼ü𺳵ضĺڷ磡
ۿźڷȻһСƵĹһ·жΣȻڷ¶Į籾ŵѪߣͱССС
ܣܣĮʱйƤ
ӣ
𳬼ۣļֲֿĹ£תͲɱӣΪڷߣ

ոշ޾ͳǰײֿɰſС죬ȫɱ¾ǶҪԶűۿֲɱӣһɫ
𳬼ƣ£׷ױգȻҲŤ븹У
޹Ȼڲ֪سɳǿڳۣԷˮƵģ򵥵Ѵ֮ڳ۾군ˣ
ɱҵı𣡣
Į磬·ħƵģʼҪɱҶȣ
һҲȥǺܶδ뱾룬ֻӵԱıԪӡһӡ÷¶ȥ
ͣ
һ֮һ̴ĮüģһըΪ飬ã֮С
ɵһξѪԸϧûԪ񣬹ѪҲ޷ģֻܳΪص֡


1016 ֮
Ļɱӣ
ͣ
֮Ѫ֮ʧʣһƬĮ⣬ɢڲãأվѪɫ⻨
ţ
֮䣬նɱĮҲһ͸̽ӣ𳬼ɱӣҲΪ޵ֻ֣ʣʮɵɱӣľŵû궼ɢһС
̵ˣȻգһƬɱѹѹķ
øĮ磬֮ǰٻôɱΧɱúãҾѪϴɱӣһ
΢΢һ֮ҶоһЦɱڲ涯ֶ죬ֻѡԻԵ֣ǹͷ񣬺ܲңҶȳΪֻͷ
ֻǣֻͷ񣬿ɲһ񣬶һֻ֮ϵӥ
ҪҪ
ɱ֧Ԯδʣʮɱӣ𳬼ɱӣŵӣ޷ʱˣ
ٿٿ
κ޾סʮɵɱӣˮƵģһƬֻгԴСĶС
ƺδԱڰСβͣٿһصҶȼͷС΢΢·ҲӦдɱΧ£
ؽɽٴͥҵΪͨɣվɱʹɣ
ڣټɵۣɱè׽Ϸ
ϷҪȥֻǰɱǴèҶڣɱҶǰһȺ󣬴½磬һֱ׷ɽ磬ڿʼҶȼһͿɱһ
龻֣
Ϊ˱գܣҶȰд߶龻֣ɱϢɱɱɱӣɱھ֪Ҳץκΰѱ
Χ
Ȼѹѹɱӣ˷Χˣ죬ɱˣĴһɱӱҶΧ
Įʦأ
ĴҶȣѰĮ䣬յգҶͷޣˡ
һ𳬼ɱӣüͷžɫΧλֵܣƺϢҲʧ
ҵУʣ˼ˣɱӣѰͬԼʱҶȴһЦЦͬ׺䶥ÿһɱ
ܣһֶĸ֣Χһ𳬼޷ţʵ
Ҷһɵۣɱÿɱӣ쳣ȻԶԸɱʮɱʮһָ֣ǾܶԸۣ
Ĵ󳬼֮Уһλߣڱգ·һ㣺ɱȡϵͥһõٱ֣
ޣŹһ
ҶȴʱԴȻʩչԪһץȻֹʥǹ׹⣬˻ƣ
ɱ

ɱӣʱͬҶȣ
ٿ
ް˰СβͣͷɱȺ֮У
ͣ
Ĵִһɱӣ̤ҶʮΧʱҶͻȻʩչԪʧɲǼ䣬ʥǹʹմ룬պôһ𳬼۵ţ飬ʥǹࡣ
ȿȣ
𳬼ۣؿ˿ȣһѪһ޷ŵĿ⣬ţɫ˻Ϊ˸ʬ
ʦܣ
𳬼ɱӣͻ仯ŵɫ۱䣬ͷŴɱ֮Уͣŭ·Ҫȳ𳬼ۣ
ֻϧ̾ͻΪʬһΪҶȳɳ֣

ɲǼ䣬֮
󳬼ɱһһһ֮ԶΧҶȣ𺳵شҶȣҶȵħ̥ȻһУԸ󳬼ۣûбնɱһ֮𿪣
Ǻεȵ
𳬼ƿԣǾУûʮ꣬ҲʮɣҶȲŶãǶ꣬겻
һ˺ĺȵĮʦ֣ϣǱȼս𵤣һУնɱǷҪɥڴˣ
ȼս𵤣
Ҷһûһ˿⣬Ҳ޾£ȼս𵤣ƻǿȥԻһɳأҶȻУɱǣвϣڣȼս޷ԿҵģԲһɵ
ͽԲѣȼս𵤣
һȫŭ󳬼ۡ
˺һ˫Ƴγǣ֮УȼյĽ𵤻棬㼯ռҲȼղѺۣ
ͣ
ռŽȼջ棬𶯿ʼþңѺۣϵ죬չ·Ҫͷһ֮ҶĨɱùʣ
ЩԲζϧˣ˵Ͳǿҵķ˲Ϣ򣡡
ҶϢ΢΢סΧĿռѺۣȫ飬ҲҪܵһӰ죡
ٿ
ȫ٣·ںһ޴ķβͻȻ
ڵռ䣬ȼյĽ𵤣ͻأ֮䣬һжֹѺۣʼᣡ
ܣɵôʩչ򣿡
һ޷һ£ȼ֮ƺҲֹͣ𽥼ˣɢ
֣Ҳ·޷ٿƽȼյĻ棬ŻƵģ
Ҷƿռ䣬һ֣ǰûвܵ£
ɱ򣡣
һɱͻȻҶͣ½ŲȻܶԿֹɱ
Сӣһ˾ʩչ򣬵Ҳֵܣȫͷŵķ֣ɱ򣬻һУ
֣ͬʱͷݺɱϢ
ɱγһʼɢڿԶ
䣡
ɱȫǿԵɱʼи龲ֹռ䣬оֹʼڶ
˴۽磡
žֹռ䣬ʼɱѹƣҶȻʮ㣬ţȻһεĺһϢȻ

Χ󳬼ɱӵɱɢ֮УҪ׻ֹռ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ɱʼѹƣٿȻֵֹɱ֮رֹѹ
Ҷ˲ٴκɫ䣬ĿͻȻһݣǵСҾˣȷʲô鷨򣡡
¡
һ֮Ҷɣӿ뾲ֹռ䣡
ʱƬֹʼը飬󳬼۸ſռ飬ڿԶˣֻռ䣬˲˺ΪһѪ⣡
ӣ
һ𳬼ɱӣһͱʥǹͱ˿̣𳬼ֲۣУ˲Ҷȵķ֮¡
Χʣ´ɵɱӣֻŵɢ

ֻеɱӣȷˣһߣǣҲһͻȻֵޣСӣ
ֱһɱ
ɱӣҶȴֳֹʥǹһǹ̳һɱ£һһʬ壡
˲Ϣ򣡡
ʣһٶɱӣʧȥҶȻɱԼˣĴͷ˲Ϣ
һһɣ
һٶ׵գ˲侲ֹһɱӣɫ֡ŤǷǴɱǲͬǣǶֹͣһ
ޣ
ҶȺȻصһЦ
ٿ
޳ھֹռ࣬һٶɱӣһһȥʮɱӣɣ
ýạ̊́һ̳ˣ
ҲʮһٶɱӣȫСӣɵۣ޶ӻûб仯һֱǸոճ״̬·Զ
Ǻǣֶ죡
Ҷ̴߶СǧʧѪգ


1017 Ž֮
ɽ磬

ç۾ٵĿ磬ϯգͬʯһ
ʦܸõ˰ɣ
ǧֶӣĪԿ£ɳͣգңңڴ
Ҷ֣֮ͥУһϫһõĪ
Ӫ֮УŵӴӵڰжԻ
һɫۣͬǣĳΧһЩ̴壬ڲͬǿ϶ģҶÿһβʵͻͻͽҲҪӰѾ׷Ҷֵٶȣ
ˣ
Ȼ۾Ҳ׷׼ա
һɫӰնһ׾룬֮ҶƮ졢ӰԽԽ֮С
˧ˣ
ǧ֮У붼ŮӣҶƽأȥ磬ںһ壬ʱһһ֡
ĪԿȭӭʦܣͲһˣΪ㣬ΪĴ׼칦ᣬҲƺӾУ
ʦֿʦܲ˼Щ
Ҷ˲޷ٶȣĪԿеǰʱֳǧӣѻȸ
ߣ
ĪԿ˵ҶȾͷ򣬶һ̣ЩӲŴлعһʱɽХ

鷨״ӡֵУʮڵӣգξյ¡ѩϫӡӻдĳӪ
գһֳͨʱ۾һˢˢҶϣߵĪԿ񣬶ȥɫʣ
Χӣʱ̾鷨״ӡֵҲӭϫӡӷ룬Ҷȼ֮ĪԿ񽻴仰˾뷨֮ϡ
·һ̣˾ֶ֮еģӣ
ܵĸ߲㡢ĵעӡĽ˾ֶδ̳ӵϣ

ξվȻ˿棬ѩ߲ܶŮӣ״ŮӶģֻٲ֣Ŀʾˡ
֣ùʮڵӰ
ɽ罻ᣬдӣֲϫʦáʦáʦҶʦˣΪĶߣΪŲȡջ౦ȥͥǧ꣡
ξȻϣȴʧ׺ͣһһҶ˵Ϊˣɽ˷ϴѴ·ֱˣһһһƷʯн۵Դ
žžž
˻һأӼ̲סƣ񷣬Ϊĺ
ξΪŸȻõŵĻرλţλͬţҪΪأ湦飬θÿһӣͨӣ鷨ߣн
ţţţ
ֱʰÿӶнֶ죬δй飬ɽţҲ˾ٶ
ĸӲȸԾ
ͬͬ죬ᣬͬʱҲõӣĴŽĵãҶ˸ԷԣѴᡢ֮ͥУ򵥲һȻӷܷͼǿ
ӽֻڿʼ죬ǵӡ֮Ľ
ʮŽҶȡϫӡϣͷ
ֶ콥ָƽ
죿
ڲƿռ֮Уʮλ鷨ߣξĪԿҶȶԻ
ĪԿ񽻸ҶһּǶģţֻ´󹦵ĺĵӣʸӵж״ӡֵҲӵУֽ֮УԺûɣ鷨߲㣬룡
ҾͲˣ
죿
Ҷһץץסּӵж֮ͬһڣ⽨һӵŮ衢ˣȻҲѩؼ죬ԷС
Ҷ죬ʸõӽУƿضĵӾ
˼һŶ̬ɽ¼鷨ߴ濴ҶȣҶʦܣ֮ǰλţڷͷ˫ǳƽ湦ʱ̣ңǵõźôǰҲҪʣҪִн񣡡
Ŷ
һתԼϣҶȳʩʦ֣ܲһִ񣬻ǶһϢʱ䣿
²ܣΪϫʦáʦáʦܶͷӦǸ⣬õӿ㣿ûп϶˼ѾҶ
Ҷɫһűչظʱ䣬ͳȥѰҴǧͼ𡭡ֻϢʱ䣬ãֻ֮Ѱʱ䣡
ӿΪͬŵһſԸǧϢʱ䣡ξȻ˵ˡ
ǺãʲôִУ
ִ꣬һҲͲǧʱ䣬ǧ֮ȥѰҴǧͼʵҲһЩգʱ˵ͻɵ۾Žףʮף
ʦϫʦáʦۣǵǴﵽ۵ĳ̶ȣʦܣҪۣΪ׼Դִ֮гۼ룬Ȼִɵۼ񣡡
˽ۣ
Ҷһ̾˽ŲǿһͥõඥдŸԴ۲⣬Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣Ƴһξ񣬷ξҲƳԼҡҡͷΪɵ۰˽ףûаգʱ룡
˾ͺãȻȥʱһһᰲ㣡ͷ
ʦܣҪۣȸҴкʦΪѰԴ㶮ãҶȷ֮ʱξΧ
ϴѰҵĵ̣߰˰ˣ֪ҽۣͬһ㣬ȻҪڣ
ҶȴЦݣ뿪
Ȼһ֮ͨУӾ纺ӳȴһ󣬶ʱӰͺطࡢ棡
Ǻǣʶɵۣ̫ˣ˶ɵۣˣҶȾͷ涼ɵۣǧУһ˴ﵽɵĽףѴﵽɵס
ˬЦҶȸ첲Ǻǣֵṩӣ
ȥɣʲôӣ
һ棬ҶղȻҶͷһּһǣͨ˴һ֮ͨС
֮
ڴ֮£һĽ򣬾ȻһɳشС
졭ǰ಻̾һ
ಣ
ҶȴһӡĽ룬գۼ䣬һⶴǰ
յȺڱߣɽ忪ʻһͷкҲɽһͤ¥
ǰǶҡҡͷΪΣΪҶȣǿһҲʶ죡
˱㿪ʼڰգҲһǿʢŵԴһĶУΪǿҲڻ£
һ죬ŰطܶҲֻ΢΢һۣȻ˾ͽ룬һ֮У鷨ߣ˰ҶǰеһУԭⲻǨƹ
ڹԼϰٸŮҶǰΪ״ӣŵӣġ
ıͳͳԭⲻ


1018 ͨ
Ҷ纺ࡢۼ֮󣬱ţ߲㣬ҶȵĴš
ЩȻϵģҶڳΪֶţþͻۣؼ״ӣӴֶ죬ĺģȻΪӰͽ
жˣ
ҶûΪ̫ܱ࣬ܲŲȥҶȽֶε谭ǽ˵仰Ҳ㽻˸ѣ
̫࣬ࡢ涼òʱ뿪纺Ҳռ䣬Լʮ깦ҶȲţߴ󲿷ֵӣȻԱչΪɣʼ죬ڻָ
Ҷȿʼ죬ںԼķӡ˾޴Ľ磬ҶȻʮ꣬ŰѷӡɣȻĽ֮С
ڿԷģͨͻɵлᣬβμӴᣬɵĽɵ۰˽ףνǻôǿ죬ֹͨͣɵ۵ͽ׷״̬
ԽߣʵԽǿֹͻᵮ򣬲ϵϸ߷壬øԶͨˣ
򣡡
Ư̳֮ϣ̴߶̫¯ҲʼȼգҶ֮Уʼ
󷨡ӡ̫ӣҶʵͻͽоһδεǿۣպۼһֹ󷨣ϵسֳ
Լ˼꣬Űɣž̫¯
̫¯һֱҪʯΪʵҶȽ㣬̫¯ΪǿĹͨ
̫¯ͱҪ򵥰ٱֻ輸ʱѣһӾ޴󡢼Ӳﵽˮ׼̫¯ˣ
ȼٶȼһԺڻʯٶȣ͸ӾˣҶԴԴϵĸ
̫

̫ΰ޵ĴУΨһǲ˼ģ̫ڰûдﵽ߽󾳽磬ˡһΪ޷ӳ
ݡݣ
߶̫̫һʱӡһֻ̫⣬ɹǿ򱶡ڱ⣡
һ·𶼳Ϊʥ⣬ʥֽǿʢ̫ŲΪ룬Ҷȫϵѭܶʼ
о˿һֱظһһһ˼ά״̬ò˵˭ܵеùֹķ꣬ܳΪϴܡ
컯ȭ
֪жٴΣо̫ޱʱҶȾͿʼ컯ȭǰʽ졢Ե޵С졢ҡ
žҪ̤볬ۣҶҲЩ컯ȭİ壬оǵһһִѰδİأ컯ȭյȭ
ϧôһ㣬Ҳܲ
䣡
̫⣬֮Уʼһ񼶷ӡ֪֮󣬱һȭ
ÿһȭȥƺҪ飬Ǿ磬ҶȿƿأҪˣ컯ȭܷģ
ظȭ֮ҶȾͰϷһ֣龻֣
龻̫޷ΰҶȵõΣգڿʼֻǸоץסһЩ˵Ϣ޷׻龻֣ˣʩչ˵
ƿˣɾƿһУ
ϧǣ޷ƿˣӵǿͨһˣҶȻ޷ͷŻ龻
޼˻ף
л龻֣ҶȲڰѻ龻ñ֮ǰҪǿĸ߶ȣһʩչɱˣء
ڶ󴫳УԵڰ޼˻ס
һδεУ̫̫һӡֻкɫĵףϯȫÿ䣬ϸ⣬ͷ棬̫Ҫ̫ࡣ
ҪҶȲڵɽ磬Ҷֻ£ΪĶ֮޼˻ס
֮Ѿʣ²ˣҶȵʱ䣬棬Ϊ˶֮оǷʮٵ˳ҲȥѰһڤ
УȥٻڤûﵽʵȥߣкܶǿǸ𣡡
ұ죬˼
ƺҶȻǸء𣬶سЦһ
µҲֻȥҷԺ÷ȥڤϵ
ϧɽ磬ҶΪӽۣҲ޷ھɽγɸӦϷΪ̤볬ۣĵС
һУȽ֪ˣ
ڰ׾
ʼ޼˻׵Ĺڰ׾ԪʼӿʱΧ׷籩һȼյ̬һֻΪͬĹ̬
һδεȼգΪ̬ͬ
޼˻̫ʱ뾫ڰ׾֮󣬾ͿʼǿĹ֮
ͣ
ףΪȼվ裬γɺѹѹһƬҶ˫ֲϴӡջΪһ֮֮
ֺ֮֮Ȼʧظһӡǧַ֮һ֮Ҫľڷ֮Уĵ̫¯״̬һֱάڲ״̬С
֮˿ֲڵ²ǵǿĹҲŵǰľ
֮ǿƣҶȶڲɽ磬ƾ˾ˣڵǾ춯أ
޼ս˻ơʥǹ
Ҷȼǹȥã֮ǰѾøӦһﵽޣͻԶͷŸӦҶȲھ֮УһУĲõģԺֻ֮иֹ
ֲ˻ơץһ޼սԵʱҶʥǹ
󹥻ͨԶʮּ򵥵أ֮ǧ֮һѶȶ֮
ײū
Ҷֿʼһͨײ֮ǰٻūūʵﵽҶ֮ǰ״̬ɵ۵ͽס
ūҶǰ̿ʼ߶ײһĿܷӡ뵶ū֮С
ūʹɵ۵ͽףϵһܷԽԽܼūļӲȣѹڸ߽ɵۣ
ģҶȷײ£һܷӡע뵶ūУūԽԽǿմﵽԲ״̬ūԴӱҶΪܣֻҪעҶȵóܾܴﵽڵʵ
ҶȶǿūͶǿ
Ԫ
ײнҶ񼶷ūҲﵽҶͬʵҶȾͿʼ޵˵ĴйԪ
֮һߵĹأҲһԪвϵռܣÿռ䣬ҵ֮
޲ޣʲôûУ
Ҳ޵˵У֮оޣ
Ҷȼ֤ޣ޺ڰ֮У˹ͷһУ޾޾ʵʣͬ棬޽ϣռܡ


1019 ǿķ
֮УҶ޵УһһѪһ·е
ˣ޷ӵԪУ˵Ż
֮ĳԶţ൮ʱ
֮壬صϵ
Դӹ񣬲ŻᵮйһŬѤһԪ
֮ǵޣо֮УѰѰҴڵ壬湲棡
֮磬һҵһȻ
Ȼ޴ڣͨԼоУϵ̽Ȼܣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȾʹޣӦﶼޡ
УȴӦУһ˿˿OO@@ʵѪҲӿʱһɸտĻ磬뾫ѪһŹͼ
˵۾ӡ䡢ԡࡢžͼУͼУǶС
޵Ԫǰ⵮еͼһһںϣռеޣγһ硣
磡
ȻΪڵµ֮󣬴ﵽǵȴڣ֮Ȼ޾
ɵۣһ̤İ˽ףͷ֮硢ؽ磬Ҷȶ֮Ӿ٣ҲойȻֹģ޵˳ɹ磬³ΪȻ֮
ƽ飡
̫޼˻סײԪĴ󹦷֮Ҷָһ㣬ھռ䣬Ѷɹʮ꣬ʱ״̬£һٶꡣ
ھ֮УʮУĴɵ۵ͽ״̬ͷβһһ飬ֱȼ糬۸߶ȣֹͣ
Ҷȷһץɽ罻õƽƯġ
ͣ
ոմ߶һɹ׹⣬ֲر̵𶯣ܵвҶȼԦƽ飬ҲЩϾһк޼˻ͬϵȴҲ޷ơ
ﵽ󾳽磬ԶҲ޷ӳ
һδεͷ߶ƽ飬תҶͷ׹⣡
ƽֽ÷ҲݣԼҵѪϢԣɱʵõı
ǰҶȾͶԷ󣬳Ǿ䣬෨ֻ⻷»ʹãʵﵽۣĶ֣һһֲΪѪ֮ܣ󴫳С
һԼĳ
ˡռ䣬ϢȻس֪ˮ᲻ҲӦ޵
ĪˮҲһ
ƽ飬ҶȺȻ뵽ͥõĳˮ뵽óˮ磬Ҳԣ޵Ϣ໥Ӧ
ȻԣôˮҲпܣ
ٿ
һˮʹӴɳ˲Կռ䣬Ҷڴصȴű仯
һˮһ޷ıҵܣɶҶ绢
ˣ

Ҷʧˣʮֵʧˮ磬Ư˰죬ˮһֱ΢΢ظΪ̫ǿʢˮϣˮ棬ͷųԹâЩâ໥Ħ
ԲŻƺڸӦļ󣬶ʵˮ˿ûзӦܶԣ޵־Ϣˮƽ
ѹһ־ΰޣȴ޷Ӧˮ
ȻҲųˮʲôӡ֮Ȼ޵Ϣԣ޷ˮܣôҶȳǳԽޣ񷣬Żƽˮܡ
źҲˮԶǸܣˣȥƽ˵һ죬ֳҲ˵
˲ˮˮ˳˯УǷԺҶ˵ˮ̶ȣԶԸκڲõıټӲʣҲ޷Կˮ
Ҷһص
ԹǿķҲĹҵȻ̣ȴҲȲһ츳ͨ
պˮҶҲƽպãֻһҶҪУǾǿķ
ݡݣ
ϢȻö̫¯ȼգ̾ҶΧ
Ҷ˫ֿʼһӡʼںϣҶһһķӡʼջûж󶯾仯
һظһ죡
ৣ
ڣҶķӡ֮󣬴ʼͨķӡۼ໥ơںϡ룬һǰ̬ƯҶȵǰ
Թķ̬ĹǣƵһƣ
ڷ磬ǱǼӲޱȣڶ磬ʳ֮У͵Ĵߣ޷Ըڹ꣡
ļ⣬Ŵڹ꣬һϢǹǶڴȴòϣΪ̫ӲٴĴߣҲ޷ѹѹ顣
ʣһ취ǰѴ¶ӣϧ˴꣬ɱ꣬ǹȴ߸֮Уһ쿨ס߸մ߸֮и߸Ҳֻɥ
ȻصģӵȻǿķ
ৣ
ҶȻڲַͣӡӳָ󷨡ӡԹ̬֮УһһɶķƣĹ·մ֮󣬽
֮
ǿķҶȻҪһԷ̶ȣһץһһɶ೤֮ˣŷƣغȥ
¡
ӵг۰֮˲Ͱϡã
Ȼ᷽ʽԡܣ˲һ
ܣԹշ̬
ܣ˲ͻ֮֮£Ҷȵûһ˿ʧΪһ᷽ʽǰ뷨ǰԹϵзʽͰжɡ
ֻԹһһСᣡ
ಣ
˫ִһӡգһһߴĹ·Ҷϵѹụ̈ΪһӲĹס
ţҶڶףʽʱ䶼࣡
Ȼǵ顢Ŀ顭
գᣬʮףҶ˿һӣһ໥УγһСɵĴףǼ
ٿٿٿ
Ҷֿʼεܣһӡһ󷨡ġ󷨣һһص֮ϣϵؼӳ֣ԽԽʵһƬƬںϵø
ˣ
ȥҶһץ
ͣ
֮ٴγֳҶվƯյܣ飬ұ֮ܺȥ

ܱ֮غϷ˲䣬һգ۾ͱ֮ס
û֮ǰһΣ˲飬ȻƯţ
ұ۶Щ顭ųǿķȻ𺳣
һΣе֮৵ʧҶһݣһԾƿܻɻ


1020 
ԹȻǿķ
ֻӳհƮ֣쳣˷ܣһžܡԹܷʽֿǿҿκλף
ʱ䣬ҶӾתˣ
Թģ˼άƵġ
ԵһᣬȻҲһĽ֮ϣ֮ϣ˼̷ǿС޷
һַκ󷨡ϣؼÿƿأжԷ
ᣡ
ಣ
ղôһܣͺķʱ䣬ΪҶȶԹᷨδƿصԭ
Ҷ򣬲ϵظָӷӡ
գʮˣ඼Ůӣǰˣͳ
ͳȺ˵ףŮӶŮ裬ֻƽƽ
ӣǰ죡
һŮ裬ͳֵ˵
ͳݺݵ˱С죬Ȼ§·Ů裬ԶдڣҶСӵǸϴʵڹ֣˵˵絽ôģ
˳ͳ껳У۴⣬ۣѩ΢΢һ¾ͳ꣺ǺǣȥΪͻƿڣܳɹȻϴ裬Ҷˣͷ˭ȥ£½Ҷȣ棬ŸǵõҶȽӼܳɲɹӶά㣡
ͳҧӣҰ޺ĶһŭɶҶȡ֣֪ҶȵĹڣҪлɶ
£ΣûôûʵһȥӣһֱȥӽнԶ
Ҫô죿ѵҪ׸磿Сôûˣ˵ãղأ

Ȼȵ£ͳ걧ŸŮˣŮȻŮ˵ôƣ˰첻£Ů˶ԣӣΪ棬֤ȻгԽһŮ˵ı£Ӹ߸ϣҲа
»ȥ˵ˣȥҶʦܷٷ˿̣ͳϣŭһ֣Աһλеӣ̼ӿ첽졣
һеӣͳȡһٷ˻һֻھɽ磬ʲôǡ
Ҳȥĳɽǿߣ
ٿ
ǸеӲŷٷãص죬ͷųһͨһӰ¶Ҷȵϡͣ룡
ҶʦܣŴţˡ
ͳվǣͨǰҶȽٵʩ񣬵õҶ룬һ£żλŮ裬ͨС
졭Ҳһ죬ͳ꣬ҲӵУ
붴֮ͳһʣֻмٵӲӵж죬ҲϣԼһ
˾ҶӰһǰΧмλŮ澣ͳꡢ
վһˣ˫֣ת΢΢һЦʦ㣬겻
Ҷʦܣǰ겻ɱȴ¶һЦݣӭͳһС
ҶȻ£Լ£һʾ⣬λŮⲽһһϣ
ͳ겻ȭʦ죬ɷ£
ҶȵЦʦ֣̫ԶȻҶԵرأʦּȻô˴ԺԳ
Ϊʦŵ֮ӣ¾֮⣬ʦܴдϣȥ֮£һж̣µţΪ֮£ͳͻȻվΧ˵棬Ҷоʮȴ񣬳ʮ㡣
ಣ
һҶȷϢͳ꣺ȥĶȥˣҪǰʦֲˣ͵֮£δ
лʦܿ
ͳ꼤õ£Ȼͷһһö䣬̷ҶȣϲʦΪŽ󹦣һ⣬֮£ϣʦһҪЦɣ
޹»Ҷȵ
ʦܣһ⣬֮ǰнҪǵŸʦܲգǻȥҲ޷
ڴʱȻʩӨӨЦʦĲգҲ£תӼɣ
ðɡ
ƳƳһһͣҪƻˣҶȲò£µĻڻؾ𣬲״ӣˣҶȿҪؽ𣬲ܡ
µĶٻˣ
ǺǣȻλ⣬¾ˣлתʦ֣պʱ䣬ãҶһ浱˵һ½ָ
ʦܣʦ㣬ʦ˵˵һ̫֣ܣ
Сһ׮룡
Ҷȴ󷽵ͷӦʣȻ˽̸֮ɽ壬Ůˡ
ͳ껹λò绨ŮӣҶҲûԣѾмٸˣ˾ˣŮҲ޷
治򵥣ݣΪʵʵƽӣֲ֪ԺεֶΣ׳ΪͳŮˣɽ磿ŮˣΣյĺܣĻ̫̫
ҶվգŮ澴ǼŮȻһգոֶ̤ʱ̣ѡ
ٿ
Ȼһٷ֮⣬ΪһĿĲʹ⣬
ʦܣʱ䣬ʦã
ѩϸ˿Ի֮ٷ֮д
ʦʱӭʦ٣
һѩҲżȻڲųΪֶĵӣЩ߲ӣҶҪһһʣֶ
Ҷ̻صŮ׼һ˴ż£ҶȾ紦ӭʮӰ
ʦܣ߶ˣ
ѩôŮŮȫͣȻһ˷Ҷǰ޲ʧҶȼ档
ڲеӼ£Ҷѩ죡
ʦﲻŶ
Ưգ˱ȼУȻѩͫͷųһƣɫصЦݣһһЦ˲Ҷˡ

ʦܽ٣ʦңҶȷ·ʧȥңѩЦΪƵġ
֪ϫǾ߲߶š뽨Լĵɣ֪Ϊ½ţ֮䣬Ӧй֪ɣ
˼ɽϿգɽССУֻˣһһŮ໥Ӧѩ˫ͫһƣ·ſʶ
ҶȻʵͽᣬŶѩɫĴѣԾԾǵģ뿪֮ͥʦ㵹£ʦ֡ʦҲܵϫʦ룡
Ǻ£һ½ӣŽû¾Ƕ߶ˣҪ۵Դ𣿡ѩȻֹͣ
Ҷ˸⣬Ҫѩȴѩһ֮赲棬ҶȾҪȥҶͷ󰡣ʦĪа취
취С㽫Ҫվʦһߣˣʦߵ˽Ժɴ£ҲҪ¸ʦ㣡
һģ
߰ɣʦΪñˣ
ѩصҶüЦϧҶȾƸӣ޷ҡ


1021 ³ľ
֮УֻҶѩŽգ
ʦ㣬֪ʦ׼ıǣ
ѩ࣬Ҷȹ֮󣬱Ȳѩǰ̰ش˫֣ĻŻµС
ʲô
Ȼѩ°ͣ΢΢ĥϣͫȻʲôƣ·ҪڻҶӡ
ȻʱҶû˹ͷԱؽɴ
ѩͻȻ֣һָҶȵüģüĻǼ⣬ѹҶϴ֮ϣҪ𣿡
룡Ҷ붼룬Ｑ
ʦ㿪Цģôϲ
ѩʱ֣ҶԼص㣬ȴҶȼʱɫһתҶʵʵðɣʦıһö۵ʦķǧƷʯڴ֮ǹģˣﲻٵǿߣ

Ҷ۾ֱˣ
Ȼѩͷŵɫ
Ҳʮ־㵣ɵͻƳʱһЩǿǿͨһɵԲں֮ڱӵгϢԴ٣ͻٵ
ȷǱ
ʦȥ֮ǣΪѰⱦȻܸĽԴ࣬ϣ㣬ټԼʵԴ߲㣬һٵȵŵĽԴоŲգ
ѩЦˮ֪ҶΪΪҶȡ
ҶĹʾԺʦһΪʦúð£
ȵþ仰ɣֳգ
ѩָһУһƮָ䣬һȭͷСϢķӡ
ǣ
ӹҶȱѩǰʱ߶ϹɹϢŷӡ
ҶȰҶȡûмӣӹҵջ󡭡𣬽ͺúΪãҶȿʼ߶ѩͫһЦ
Ϣ
УҶȽӴоһԪϢֲѩ˴󷽣һöԭ涯ֽţϢֲһöԪӡǣҪϢңҳΪĿܣ
ֶڲɶȻ˵ȣ
ΪѩΪΪ֪ܣѩϧΣԽԻҶȣհҶȿΪܡ
£ԽǳΪĵӣԽоɶĿ£
ԭѩȻڣſ֮УֲԪӡǡţڣѩʵͿԴﵽԲǿ󡭡ŮֶΣ
һ߶ӡȫɢʱҶȾʹѩµԪӡ֮УԪϢԪϢϢ
ѩѳΪڳۣʵҲף
ڵȷѹɵ۸߽סϧѩҿɲͨɵۣҵʵѾﵽ۷壬¾㣬Ҳ潻棬Ԫӡңش
κԪͨҶ˵ôΪҶԪǿѣһ񣬾󣬶޷ҶȵԪ
һССʲô
ҶȰѩԪӡǣӡԪһֿռ䣬ѩܵȻʼ
꣡
ڣȻֱ֮飬̫ͻȻҶȶ޷Ԥϣ
ʦѽɲҪС֮п̺ǧļʦͲţúУ
ѩƺӦϢҶԪ֮Уŵⲽ뿪
Ϊˣ
ҶȵһЦӦѩ뿪֮󣬱
ѾΪһ·бը˸һԪɵϢҲǴ͸ţ
Ȼں֮ڱӵϢܺáѩңôһ
ҶЦЦʼȫͷ
ٿ
ɵ۰˽о˿̣ȫ飬ͻԳһ𳬼۵Ӱ
ſһߣϧò
λߵ˳̤볬ۣһֵǧƷʯ
λӰߣĳۣ
ͻͻͻ
ֻҶȴڴͷŷֱܶٴҶֱͷ̫һ֮
̫һʱʵһһںϣ
ͣ
֮Ҷ̴߶ȫйȻһɹϢϸ΢ͷȫǣǾѪϸ֮Ҳ֮
Ϣͻ֮ںһϢΪһֶصϢ
ӵϢ֮󣬽ɽ֮ʱܵҶȵƽϢɱβٵ
ţ
ȻҶȴ֮Уգգۣ
³롭
ҶվͷŸӦ֮⣬һɽ֮УϢͷŸӦһǹɾһ³룬ͷŸӦ³Ϣ
ৣ
˲ʩչԪֱӴһ󷨶ȥ
ңң񷣬ƣ
Ӱһ˫ֱվ۷±ϣһλ׷꣬ؿһŴȻ۾һԱվŵˣɾϴˣ
Ŷ
ǹɾ³Ϊ𾪵ش³룬ƺ벻ͨǧ꣬³ΪȻﵽ˺˵ز
ſռ㵭ضҶȴһ߳ڹɾ³ǰʱٹЩӣҾҪȥִһȥ֪Ҫã
ϲΪɾܵҶϢ̴ϲ
ȥͥǧ꣬ڱ仯Ҳڱ仯³룬С⼸ǧ꣬ΪﵽɵжΣк£
Ҷȿżɽʵ
³ͿִǰǸģϴ⼸ǧҶǰϢ֮УҲѰʧԭһջ񣡡
кη֣
һϢ
֮УѰҵһеңʮأзһһıϢȻʮְȻ˵λ棬û䣡
ɣ嵱겻Ǳ𣿡
³һҶȶʱһʡ
ȻǷһ㲻ͬϢϢصģҲ˵һ䣬ͻΪһ֮ӵ˿ԪϢ
³ɫʱҲʱҲ𾪣λڵǰǵʱ֮ڣһλϣεȵǿȻûôˣΪҲɽ޵еĴڣȻ汣űϵôλ棬ţ
Ӧ
Ҷȵͷʮͬ³һȻ˵˵嵱壬кܶδ֪ԭ򡭡
ǵģң
³ͻȻҶȣֳһݴδйͶϹͥУӹ֣ͥñҵλ棡
ҶȺòһãΪ³뵣ģ⡭뻢ڣ
³·мƻȫҶȵĹǣϴ󣬾ⶼ룬ô֪ͥޣȻҲ뵽ʧ壬ϵҲϹͥŲٵĹޡޣԼޣֻҪܣϢû֪ҵĿģ


1022 
ԪֲһԪɱΣֻԿƣ֣߶ԪɱϢ
ٿ
ʱ߶龻֣һӡ³У龻ֵɱͨɱδ󲿷־ͷȻɽֶǿߣӦֻмٵġ
ллϴϣһȥ֪ܵĹȥȻҲ˳ȥϹͥ䣬֣Ӻð죡³ָֻаģ
ͨءءһɽ磬Ҫɣ
ȥҲ
³һԾҶɾ֣˾ͻΪһӰԽʰ쵵Ĺ֮У˲ʧ
û뵽ⷬġۺˣ֮£Լȥ
оǧ겻³Ƥԣɳõ
Ҷ֮ˣҶҲоӴ˿̣΢仯δƿأ˭ԤϵϹͥڵܡ
ĬȥһʱɾҶߣʩ񣺡ˣ֮ҲȥУɽ֮Уֻٲʥɳǣ󲿷˶ǧ֮ã˲μɽ᲻ãɽϣʼʥɳǣ
Σ
ᵽʥɳǣҶ˲
ɾصɣɽԸΪǳʳˣ¾͵ƸˣһжԼʣԼõǧ꣬һɳأ
˼һᣬҶȱͷţȥע⣬֮ԭƳɱԼǧ꣬ҽۣƱ
ಣ
ϢɾʱգӵԪ֮֮ܿԭڳۣɾҲӦ
ᡢĵȲ˻ɽ磬ҲãģԲ硢ĮȻˣԼѡɣ
Ҷ˲ʩչԪ˲
ھռУַӡһһʵԸѾ⣬Ҫնɱڣ̫ѣ
˲ص죬һ纺뿪ռ䣬ڼλŮ澷£еƷ۵˳Ҳȴ´

ټ߲㣡
һȺ鷨ߣΧһľͷ˵ĵӣӳ˯Ƶģȴ˫ۣΧͬţһ˿ɫ
鷨߿ʼһٷնʱѹ֡
£
ʮλΪ鷨߸߲㣬ͨ鷨ٻ£һһ֮з
ľͷǰʱÿһɫ
һ鷨໥գգۣƺڽһλ߲鷨߽͵λ߲㣬ǧǰɽ罻һھܵ˷룬ȥͬŽн֮󣬱ɳʮɵӣһһȥһãз
Ƕ֪ϾɽᣬۣۣǼϵ˵ص㣡һ߲ŭڵغȵ
治ɵһɵ۷壬ڳǰԪĶڲ˵λʦܾ״ӡŽ桯ʦ֣ʮλ߲㣬һͬǰ̫һšеʦͻȻһ˻صţģ
һλ߲߳һʣϢ
̼䣬һ𳬼ƣоˣڴʱԱ߳һִߣŻش𣺡ûˣʦܴ֮ǰڿƳΪƵģҵģʦҳʲô
λ߲ʵʮ·ȥŲμӽĶ飬Ϣ
ʱʱ̿űϵд붼ڻ;֮Уֻйʦһ·뿪żʱٷأǧʧȥϢΪ̫һڵɽ磬ʵңԶһҪһϹŵħս磡
ǴħսΪĦ޴½
Ħ޴½պø̫һɽţУ̫һɽߣֻȥһɽУĦ޴½赲ٷݣ
̫һſʮǿţŲ಻Ǻܴ󡭡ΣÿҵλкιŹ֣
һ̸֮ʮλ߲㣬鷨˺ɣʮΧŰյӣһλ߲㣬ͷһӡӴյӡ
ٿ
ͻȻ䣬һµӰȻӰյͷٿȻðȻһֻ֣ݺץסյӵԪȫ
ȻֲԪ
ҵ֣κˣ֪߲ͨ㣬д¼
Ӱ٣ʮ߲ɫʱϾޱȣ亹ֱðӰӦҲǳΪ֮ǰ߲ȥֶ֪߲ͨ㣬һʱ䣬ٷ
ǺʥغźһУ
ȻҲغΪ½磿ȵԭ򣡡
죬һɽ֮Уһһɫٲ·һͤҶ纺Щ꣬ǵš
ϧܶĻ޷ƽ⣡纺һΣȻһƽɽٻ죬·ɽпµɽ
ʦܣ
ȻһĪ־ֻĽ磬
ʦ㣿Ī´ˣ
Ҷתɽվһ־ǴʦξӰУƮ졣
ξˡܲɣ˸ı䣡
ʦ㣬˵ֻҪ񶼿ԣҪȡʱ䣬Ϊռ֮Ҵмǧʱ䣡
Ҫˣ
ξ뾪㵣˽Ҷȵʵǽֶۣ죬ûмѹ
ξҶȵĿģһʱǣ
һξͻָǸ䣺ˣϫʦʦãѻԴҵطͻƳȥˣϻϢʦҲǰãִˣҪΪ´֮ǰźȻһ£
£
£ξгһǷǷĴ£
ξʵɼǵùŽʦ֣
Ȼǵã״ʱŽʦйһ֮Եλʦģӵ˶֪ǧ󹬣ʵﵽڣξʵ˲ϢҶԺһӡ
һֶ컿Ů裬һ˭˲֪
ɽ֮Ϊˣɽ磬ܵ룬Žʹʮ߲㣬ٶӣȥ̫һãеҲ֪̫һţڼԪ֮ʮǿţϧֻһţûᣬֻǰãһͻȻصţֲԪӡͨӡ߲֪ŽʦͬţһطĦ޴½
Ħ޴½Զħս
Զţħɽ磬а̡嶼δ׳չħսϹͥҲܵ亦ħսǽأĦ޴½ʮգŷӡŲٵħͷˣ쳣ǿģ
µȷǴ£
ҶףΪξ࣬Խٵƽʱͨٷȥ١
ξͻȻһݣҶ߲飬ִд̽һȥĦ޴½ѰҹŽͬϢ֪ͨţ߲ȥϣȳλţ
Ҷȣ
ͻأξأҶȼּ̽
ʦܣȥҪСģͨȥԭһɣΪ´󹦣ʱҪʲôŶӦ㣡
ǵģ
һ·Сģξ־ҶȵͷʱƳһ纺ȻתͻΪ˲ʧ


1023 Ħ޴½
û뵽񹦸ճɣ˸ϵ񡭡
ξȥҶԺ͸ֹŽӰ񣬵ǰǿصʦ֣Ȼţһͬʧ
Ħ޴½
Ϲħս
һǾĴڣ
Ҫһͬǰ𣿡纺Ҷߣϲ֪Ķعһ䡣
ȻԤϣһǰѾ佻㣬оգҵΪȻɵ۰˽ףȴԶԿڣ
ಣ
Ҷһů纺һģһůϰļ䣬һץ֣˳纺֮С
纺΢΢һϣʧ
ʱҴ״ӹŽţŵõϢҶȶһ˾ʩչԪʧ졣
⣬գƣƶƮƮʤɾ
ȥĦ޴½̫һţΣޱȡҲ֪ҶʦܷȻ񣿡
ʮ߲㣬߲ξĪԿ񡢻𣬼һٶ߲㣬Ǿɽ޵еĴڡ
ͳͳֱһӰ֮зɳ˲Ű
Ҷһۣ˲ǰȭλʦ֣ʦ㣡ʦܶ񣡡
̫һšĦ޴½ԹϣʦܣȥһСģǶ
һ߲㣬һ򣬴ΣҶȡ
İɣأ
ҶһһڳϤףȻٴʩ񣬾ֻһˣգʧƲУнԶ
ܿʮκ˿ҶѾԶ򣬾Ҫգ߶Сǧץסһʱ䣬̤Ħ޴½
ҶȴͣΪһɳӺմ
ҶתЦħ⼸ǧ꣬㶼δôͻȻˣ
ಣ
һ꣬ӵԪʶȴҶȺڰһħ
ħһУҶǰգʼʲôɽᣬͥУУֵһᣬΪҪвǸãĦ޴½ɲһμ㲻Ҫҵİ𣿡
뻢ıƤ֮£һ𣿡Ҷһ̷༥ħ죬ɵüЦһ
ʵҾһ壬α˼⣿㷴ûҵİգͺúң磬ѹ֮ǰúңҵʵĽ᲻ͣͻƣǿҾжǿҰ˵ڳۣڣҲݺ޵У
аѹ㣬Ҳ˶äĿħϷҲ֪һδΰңռݺô֮УϿǱĬǲǣȻõҵʶϿɣ֮жҵĻ᣿

ħҶһʱ¶ԣЦǱ𡭡ʵкֶܶζ㣬磬ҿȥ칬칬ִߣҲȥǬԸ㣡
ǡ
ҶȺȻɫɱֹȻ㲻ȥ֪칬лɱңѹңǰҽ㣬ǲΪ칬֣ҪɱԼҡǬӲȥʲôˣҶˣ

ɲǼ䣬ҶһŪħʱƿԣΪҶȷͷͷǵ޻˵
Ҷһƣħ˵˽ңȻҲ˽ˣ㲻ûаգðյ飬ֻ취Ҳڸ£Żѡҳ֣㵮⼸ǧ꣬һֱݷϲĻҽۣΪֹõһλᣬһ̣΢֮ʱҰɣ
Ҳٶѿ࣬ʱʱ̶̿ڶ㣬Ѱ㣬һ뾡취㣡ħձħͷһ㣬Ъ˹
ҾͲװ˷ʱ䣬ңͳֻ֣㲻Źģ
Сǧ
Ҷ˵߶СǧһҶȾʹħǰתգһ̣ҶƳħö췢
ħȻ֮;Ϊǿĵˡ
ԸħһʱͿԵġ
գСǧ֮£һδεش󣬾͸ңԶ
Žʦִţнǧ꣬ŵ̫һţʩչСǧҲҪи¡
ģҶó򣬿ʼоĦ޴½̫һŵϣһ֮ҶȺȻһִ̫һŵķչʷڼԪ֮Уϵظı䡭ʱǿĨɱһУʱ䣬ɽѾһʱ⣬ڷǧУ֪ҵʱ䣬Ҳͻ꣬½ʱʧøӾˣ֪ͷ̫飡
һ꣬ӷɣͨ򹦡Ѫ壬վɽ磬Ϊһɵۣ
˭뵽һ꣬ڵĳɼ
¾ҶԼҲû뵽Լߵһ졣
ؽƷֱҲǧ꣬ٹǧ꣬ƾȫںɴ۵ĴУõ߾ȾͷİʱȻҲͻƳۣʱȥڣһͳ󡭡ٻӳͷ֮ӳķߣԸ칬ĺΰδ
ʱ䣬硢ĪȻ塢ȵˣﵽǿߵزò֧֣ҲСϹɾʮˣгն֧֣Ҳκɽ糬һţ
δʱԸıһУҶؿգϵ룬ָָӲ·δɽ磬һǶġ
磬ǰĦ޴½˵Ħ޴½й꣬ǿֱӽ½֮У
СǧĿɰ
ãҪСģ𶯾ҶȵͷдҲ˲ʧָģվ
Ħ޴½ϹħսϹżԪԪ֮вٵǿߣһһӡɽ֮УϹħսָеħս֮УӡԶħɽ
һص磬һ룬ǿֶۣҶ˿Ҳûо£ڴΣԽ󣬻Խ󣬷Ƕкûһ档
ħսһ֮أ˵Ҳһ鸣ء
ಡ
Ȼ֮䣬ֱӴһɫѹѹɽ֮УûκĦ෴ںϡ
ĺôһ꣬ǧͼͿϢ

һӰ֮УͻȻٵһ߼ʵķ磬ϵԹħɵϵزһγһӡɽȫ硣
ӣҷ磬صֲеĻߣ壬ҲŹϸӵ˸޷Ӧ
ϹħսĦ޴½
һԪԪȥȻŨҵ¾ԼǿԹĦ޴½ŴеԹ飡
Թ飬ҶȸܵǿԹɽ¼еһֿʡ
ȻʣȴԹ壬Թ壬ʵ빦ʮֵĹŹ֣
λֵܣԹ̫ˣϧ˼λֵܡô죿뿪Ħ޴½ɣﲻҪˣ
Ҷ׼ʩչ龻֣ѰֶͬϢʱȻҷһŮӵľ֮մ


1024 ɸ
û뵽ϹħսֵطҲ
ո̤Ħ޴½գ͸ӦϢ
龻֣
ҶʩչԪΧռ䣬Ȼ˫ֻشһӡˮʹ˫֮䣬ֳһ龻֡
ˣ
龻һתһĦ޴½ϢκɵħԹϢҪǸӦǷֶϢ
ٿ
Լʱ龻־ʹҶ˫ģΪһ⣬ʧȥҶɫ£޷Ӧһ˿˿Ϣ͹ˡĦ޴½˸ӣװѸɡںϣ
һ˿Ӧ
ǼΪټģֻҪڣջ龻ͨԸӦǰ˵Ħ޴½Ȼաӡ
һʱ䣬һֽѣζ
ȥ̫һţ
˲Ϣ䣬ҶԺУðһ뷨
ŽţĿǾĦ޴½ȥ̫һţҲǳɹȥ̫һţ˵̫һţΪĳЩ仯̫ͣһţ

뷨˲䱻ҶȻӻֶǸյӣǱƣһ£̫һɵڣֶ췢ĦʴȥԭĦ޴½
ãǿߣԹ׷ˣ
գǱһ𶯣һմৼ£Ӱͷɹա
ܲܰװ׵ȴϢȻĦ޴½һֱѰЩһ֪Ħ޴½ٸֶ֣ʧڴ½֮УϢ
ҶȻ˷գɢĿ⿴ȥͼˣŮڼٷɳգ󷽣һ½ںϵԹ籩Դʯٶȣϯ׷ȥ
֮Уڳۡһɵɵӣʹ֣룬˲ϣʩչԪȥ
ৣ
һδδҶѾӽһȥɽķɽС
䣡䣡䣡
ɽУȻһᦣ·һ󷨣ΧԹ籩ҲʮͣԼ籩ʱʱûһӰ
࣬ȻȡЩ࣬ҵĵ̣Ҫͳͳնɱ
籩еӰᦴڲϵضԿһʱ䣬赲У˵ǿһʱ䡣
עʦúƴϢ߶ʥ󡯣Լֺܳһʱ䣡
УһһλŮӣ׵壬վǰػпһֱߴСᦣ֮СףС֮ͷųһ⡣
ÿһͷţڴ֮˲γһᦣ
֮ǰɱɸӣȣһҲƷǣԹ磬ħǿߵɢ־ɣӵеķԪǿߣҪǿ̫࣬յǣ
籩ںϵӰ˸Σ޷׽Ӱ
籩ÿһͷɢֻһа񱦼ףֳʵ壬׻Ҫ߳һЩ˫Ŀ⼸ȼаԹһϢΧںϡ
ĵ̣
񵶣
Թ飬һףһץа籩֮У۳һɶ೤ͷԵ񵶣
⣡
ˣʱɫĸΪɵ۷ˣɫɷףӶˡ
ץסᦣƴŮӣ𾪣ʼͷһ۵ע֮Уᦴһʱݺ裬Χҵڵ
ɸ
ҶȰһ࣬Ա߾Թа籩˫Ի֮ҶȾͿʼѰɵţ
֮ҶҡҡͷһҲûУĦ޴½֮󣬼֣ǰɽһָ赲˫ɽɸӦ̫һڵһɵţ
Թ顭ȻΪȻĳϢӵе飬ȳۣϿմ½Թ޵Уټһڳۣһ˶޷ֵȿɸֶΣ
ν֪֪治֪ģҶȲ˽ЩԸȴҪȥ˽ǵϢƿǵĹܼƻ
ƣ
Թˣе񵶣ԹȻûһ˿ų⣬Ҳһˣ
Сģʦã
У
Թֱͷ񵶣ȷԱŮӣҲסᦡ
ٿ
֮ϣȻ֮ʣһᦣպõס֮У
¡
̫ˣһֻһ̬ʵʣһᦣȻڴ֮С
΢΢һҲ֮ǰѰ񵶴󲿷ж˶δов
ǸﲻѣԷʵǿʩչԸ󣬼ֱиоޱȾ
Թ֮壬ȻҲ壬Ѫ⣬еĹƺħ֮ϣȻ治УϹħսĦ޴½رԹս֪˶ħԹȻޱŨң꣬͵ЩصԹ飡
ҶĿȫԹϣҪĦ޴½ߣҪ˽Թ飬ǵϢ
Թһ󣬷·뷨Ҷ¶ݵЦݡ
ˣ
֮УոյпڴϢˣʱΧ򣬾ȻԹӰͷһ
Сģ
ŮͻȻͷһһǿȻԱڴ·γ
飡
䣡
װѷ飬ͬʱҲڴ֮ϣ˲Ϣ䣬ȻҲ˶࣡
Թ鱾ͿԹֻϱѧһɵ⻯֪ǻܿסغϣҿɱǣǣǾ۷壬Ҳ޷ɱңԹĵطͿãɣ
˲䣬ʮ˵ԹӰšһ·ˣ㤴Ц
аħݵò񣡣
ԹҪ֮ʱˣòȫԸ֮ʣһȻͻȻ
ಣ
һˣȻնԹ˱𣬴̳һĽһʱΪԹ籩֮ΪĿĹ
ѵ
ҶͻȻɱϢòԹ񵶱⽣ײ
꽻֮գ
󷨣ԴУҶԹͬʱ𿪰ԶʱԹ籩ҶȾͶ·ȵ
ৣ
ŮȷӦֻһۣ·ͬҶ飬ԴУȫסᦣһˣ˲ɳ󣬶ʧȥԴʼһһ飡
ܲһ
Թǿ߾Ȼ񵶣ŭ
λɷһ֮Ǵ߶ᦣ·ָԹһǺݵģ
УҶתŮӣ˵
ã
ŮӦԱԥƬ̣Ҳӣźˣʼ߶
Թƻޱȣƺ֪˫ʱǿԹ籩ɱҲҵĶ֣Ҳǻᣡ


1025 ƷԹ
ѣ׼ã
ʱ
ɸˣͷųǿλŮΪףƿᦣڲ
ãǬһ
Ҷԭһ̤ųɱԹ飬Ҷ̿·ҪʧĴһץһ޿ռͨϢŴһȻΪһֻ֡
ಣ
˿̣ˣҲóʱһҶžռͨһͷеǿա
䣡
˲䣬Ҷһ䣬պץסŶԹƵķ籩صһ˦
¡
ʱǵصԾѹ֮ƣݺݵԹ籩ϣѹԹ籩Թ飬ٵĵˣ
λһסϣлᣬǿټȻᣬߵʱҶת˵
ǡ
иǣŵһƽ£֮⣬һܶѿڴ˴Ѱҵȣǣ
֣Ҷ޷˵ľٶ۷ֻԥգ۹˾ͬʱȭʩתͷѹѹգǷ֮󣬹ȥķһӡǣ
һӡַɸˣҶµķλ
Сӣɱ㣬ҲܲˣϢӵϹŵϢĪϹͥϹһɢޣ
ͻȻƹаȻԹ籩ȻձԹŭ壬ǧ֮ң˲Ҷȣֻ΢΢һ񣬾ͳҶǰ
ٶȿãѾ޷ݣ
ҶһݣУԹһˣ޷˵ûôҶ𾪷ʣԹ飬Ҳ֪ϹͥĦ޴½һնɽ𣿡
Թͣס֪һʱᣬ޷ҶȣڰҶȾһЦ꺢Ϲͥɽ֮У˭˲ȻĦ޴½Ԫ޷ʧסԪıԪ칬ϹͥţڼԪ֮Ϲͥǿߣ֣ӹ̹Ħ޴½һЩ֮صķӡǻӡĦ޴½ϧ޷
Ԫ
ǸǬһ
ЩҶȾͰ仰ѿڶħսӦǴôʷӾԶ
޷֤ϾеʧѾʧ
ҲǹˣֻǵõһĴУԹ飬Ǹ֣ʲôˣȻ֪ˣҶͻȻһЦ
䡢ɭɭ
߱ˣ
ৣ
ǿԹ飬ƺѴ浽һ̶ȣȻƷ籩籩˲ͰҶȰΧУûһ˿·
ֲɸЩˣǱ
˲Ϣ򣡣
ƱӵҶȣΪԹѹĶ󣬿ǣҶһ·ʧȥ˺
ٿ
һĿռ䣬ѹԹ籩Ժɢ˲ͿԹ籩Թ籩Ȼֹͣ·𶳽һ㡣
ɾֹռ䣬˲Ϣ֮죡
Թ˷ֲʱϢԹ籩Ħ޴½νǱԴһ޷ݣһ̣ȻȴؾֹΪһƬֹռ䣬Թ飬Ҳϻͷ֪ˣˡ
Ǻ
Թתߣ
꣡
Ҳתһ̣ԹͲˣΧǿʢƵԹԹͷŵɵħͳͳһУ˲Ϊֹռһ֣Թ飬㤵գ۾·Ǻ岻
ܣô˹ȻѹƱգԹ黹ŭһ䡣
ΪҵħаԼκԹҲħʶһرѣħҶɣο㣿
Ҷ˲Թǰžֹռ䣬ֹһֶ̫һʩչ̫һ˲ɡѹסԹ飡
ԹҶȣ㡢㡢㡭
ʡɣԹ飬ҲһǿߣУһҶڵˣӲĴȻ˶һô⣡
ʱҶȲŲæŵЦ˵ģһ仰˵Թͷð亹
㡢ϵõʲôֻҪеģҶԸ㣡ԹˣʵʵѡЭ
ҶֱӲ⣺ֶ֪죿
ԹƬ̣ɵ֮ɫ΢΢ʧɽһĳţںܶǰҲֶĦ޴½У
Ħ޴½ҲǧңֶϢ
ûУ޷϶һֱڵУɸһȺˣȡҵıҲ㵹ǿԹ飬Ħ޴½ˣ
ûС
Ҷһüͷʱ򵥱仯ԹһɫˢףҶĮȻһʣŹ½֮Уʲô󶯾
󶯾
Թʵʵ룬Ȼ͵ػع⵹Уǧǰһϵ֮أӡʼɶһɶǿߣȥжᱦǶԶħ־
ӡɶ
ڤڤ֮УƺһǣҶȣɵüһ㣬Ħ޴½ǷЩصշӡ֮أлϹħ
֪ҵʵҲֻǿڣǵȹӡǣҵʵóȻȥֻ·һ½УǴԹľͷżȻһķӡ֮أŵħǿߣֻǴ˵
˵ǿѨ硭
ʵͷŹҰɣºò޵壡
ðɡʱΪãԸ⣿ԹͰ͵ȷʵҶûնɱ
Ħ޴½ٵԹ飬ûʶҶȣŹ鷳
⡭ðɣ
գҶһ仰ԹͳͶأԸƳ
ҶһΣֹռ˲ʧԹ籩ҲԹƣʧ󲿷֣ҶȺȻһЦɲҪ뷨ΪԪ֮УӡǣҲģʱ֪Ƿ㣬ʲô
أԹӦ
أǸص֣£Ҫͻʩչ֪ͨ㣡ҶתʩչԪɸµϢʱӶȥ
ÿֲ࡭û뵽һɵۣʵĦ޴½ɵ磬ôС
أԭأ޷֮ǰһС
Ħ޴½ǴԹأǿԹ飬Ҳв١һˣ¶Ǿһ
գۼ䣬ҶȾͳڰ֮ĺ嫷֮Уһ桢ɽʯɽ֮䣬ԹҪĴ񣬺֮ѹơһЩ
ȻħҲƵڴգѹѹһƬħޣԹ籩γɸ̬˲ëȻ
ùϵķӡ
ٿһӰҶͣһʯɽ֮ǰϵʯɽѾָӵŴ½Ϣʯɽ֮УԪ˲Ӧһ֩ķӡطӡʯɽ֮¡
ӷӡϢ֮Уȴܲһ˿Ϣ
ʯɽ֮£һϹ֮طӡȻ͸޷ӦΣգҲ֮£Ҳпܴţһħ֮żأϹ֮ʱ޽֮籾һƬգһƬûĽأʱǿߣֻݺھɽ磬ϸԪһԪɵ仯޽֮ʡɵʣı޽֮ص޽֮سΪһµ磬ЩӡԶħ϶ڡڵĴڣ
ԺʱӿԶɽļ¼һӡɶ˭ȥеĿ


1026 
ȥɽ磬ɵһȣҶֱëǰ޽֮޷Уɽǿ߶ھɽ磬ʯɽ·ķӡǶϹɽеĳǿߡ
ҶʩչͨʯɽӡϢȻɸµϢգ
Ħ޴½̫޴ڷɹһƬƬҶȾ֮ܿУżȻһʯʬ壬һ޴󶴿ߣ·һƿ̤֮УħսǶôĶǡ
ǰ棡
صϢӶǰһɽ֮Уɸˣ˵ʿϢ֮ɽ֮УҶȼӿٶȣܿͽɽΧ
ţôʲôܾݵ㣡
ԽɽҶȾ޷Ӧ˿֮УΧҲʲôѨ󷨣һɽȵ
Īǡ
˲䣬Ҷüͷһ⣡
֣˼
ۿҶȾҪɹɽȻһϤһǸ⣡
ಣ
ӰֳҶһƳɸˣŮΪף˲
Ҷüͷչ˫֣ЦһλΣȣȴֱֶΣңСˣ
֣ʵ޷ԭ£Ҳɽ編֮໥ƣթǳ£ңʵǿҲò֮е꣬Ůǰһ걧ȭҶȹǸ
ֶ½⣡òŮӣҲҶȽ͵

Ҷҡҡͷ䣬ȻһЦ淨˭⣬λǳ֮٣
ʱҶⷬٶҲ˿ѣܱȶһǿкãλ걧ȭʵ֪ԺηŸˣҵʦѰţҲδйֵļ䣿
ҶȽܵҶȣɽһţŵĳϣĦ޴½ѰһЩϹı˵ǰãһϹŷӡɶӦб̤أ
Ҷ֣
һ½ţ˶¶΢΢ɣ
ͿһŮӣȻȽԼ֣ᣬҵʦãᣬǶɸ״ӣҶֿŹɸ
ʵڱǸⷽɽߡҶΪε˵
λĮΪŮӽŵֵ֣ɽ֮ΪܶԭֻɽĽţɸҲˣһɽ磬ʮţвɽҲʢɸֻһţ
ҶصͷŶĦ޴½֣ʦãˣൣ֪λкμƻǼϣһҲиչˣλҪȥ¾ͶԼ
Ǵȥܾݵ㣬һҶ֣ȥݵ㣬вͬΪѣˣԲ̫Σգȵݵ㣬Ҷٿϸϸ֮г̣
ã鷳λ
ҵȴ·룡
֣ҶˬӦܸ˴·ҶһͬǰУһ˲ʹһɽ
Լа죬ҶȾ֣ᡢӽһƬ߷أ൹ϹŹǽ˵ϹżԪ
ԭ֣ӣ
һƬĹʯʱȻճһƣһֹش߳Цݣ磬һĨů
ٿ
ͬʱڽ·һڣֻΪһλīˣӭˣһ˲ƣȻָֻһƬ棬κβ֮޵ģķʱʱһԹ籩
˿̣һΪ˸űʯâ󷨿ռҶ֣ӽʱһ֣󲿷ֶˣһڱչأʣһЩˣ໥
Ȼ󲿷໥֮䶼ʶⷽɽĴСţ֮һΪﵽڣǸﵽԲ֣ٲȻһ֣õĿ⣡
ҶֲÿƬɸʱĵطºúúȺƣһ
һƶѨĵط£֣ᡢᡢҶΪһһϢ
֣óƣʳʹҲ󷽷ָһ֣һҶƳķ
֣Ҷ˺棬ΪҶȺúýһҶ֣־ݵ㣬Ħ޴½в٣ܺɣǺǣģǰţʮа˾޻أŸ־;Ħ޴½һЩصطܾݵ㣬ֻƬɽŵӣܸӦܾݵ㣬֮ٳֹ໥ɱ¼
û뵽Ƭɽţ˺
⵹Ҷ쳣⣬Ϊɽ磬ǴδֹģҲǲܴڵģҶֿ˿Χʵǰʱ䣬зӡɶĪˣǳϹŷӡ֮ضģ
һֱûʲôֻһζһƿʱʱһţһüҶ⣬ҡҡͷ⵹һϾӡ֮Ħ޴½һΪյĵطţȷһЩǿȥѰңֻΧѰұ
֣֣ʦãλӦòŵĸ˰ɣ
˳̸֮ʣȻһ߹Ǹոڷ֮⣬ӭ˵λīˡ
֣ԵʮֿҶȼҲʩ֣ӭ֣
յʿΪ֣ᡢᾫһ֣ﵽԲȻ۷壬ڣҲǿߣ˲ҶȰһƳͶΪ
룬ջδ£Ҷȱܣ֣ҶȣһɢޣĦ޴½·ɸλѣһ·նԵ
ˬִ󷽣ְסҶȭͷһͬ£ҶȣҶֵ̫֣˺Ҷֿ϶һˣǾͲˣ
Եʮִ󷽣Ϊյһƣʵ֣ǡڡɷעϴηӡɶ֮£ڼλ߲㣬ѸϹȥдħͷǾ鷳ˣ
յڸ߲ȻҲˣϾηӡɶغÿһţ»γʱˣͬԸӡɶ֮£
¡
Ҷ˶Ի˶ల֮ʡ
ͻȻƣͬؾҵĻζһ£
һʱ䣬ӰӶ˶ͻȻ𶯣ע
λžݵ㸽ǰһϹŷӡġһֱǴŶѣĪĴڣ
ǣ
γ飬Ҫ
ﲻһ
ӦǣһϹŵİӡӦħǿùķ飬һһõпð
Ҷȡ֣ᡢһͬվΧ˴Լнˣտˣ¶ڴЦݡ
һ飡
һõӵһɽ籾Դ
ֻһȴϣõıԴ
˭õں㣬ܽӵߣҲԣ
ἸҪѽһɼӵжǿҡ
ৣ
ǧѷ꣬ǰһˣʱһѷطɳƣһ
ǺǣԵߣŻõҲȥ֣ԵõǴ˰
֣Ҷȵͷ̴һ£λɸӷɳơ


1027 ꪡ

Ħ޴½а£Ҷա֣ᡢ˲Ϣɳƣա
ڴŰԶĺѹѹɽ˸һϢ
ü΢΢ᣬһ·ץʲôϢ˾㵵ŵԣȻһ
֣Եˣߣ
֣һԾ𣬷·һȺ˲ӿٶ׷϶ȥ
ʱںںɽв֮У澹Ȼѳһһ޴Ƭѵı㣡
էȥƷزһƬĹѴ
Щ˺ѵķر֮£һѷУͷųĿҫ۵Ĺɹ⣬ͣ˸ع󣬴ʱһˣž޴ۼֱӷ
Ǵ˵أߣ
ಣ
ҶȵҲһʱϵ֣ɵۼΪĵӣȺڰȻӡաҶ˲׵ѷ֮С
ѷ֮µ磬·磬оһֵĶӵص˶ƻرɵرһѣֳҶȣҲͷƤ飬ʱʱģһеض֮᲻ڵ硣
ȻȻ֮ҪĨɱһ࣬׾٣ǳۣȻ£ҲԼΪϡ
ƣ
·һ˶ֶһ޴ѷ죬ѷ֮Ҷȡա֣ᡢ˼ٷ·һĢĶĿɹ硣
һˣ
ѽɹ磬ԭһѨʮĶСΧϷӡڱʮˣʮԹ飬һͬ׷һɹ⡣
ɹ֮У·һСȴһꪣʮַԵĹϷһСŰԹ顢ѹ
ꪣڹһˣ棬һϵķ֣ꪴԼһɶ೤ΪɫͼڿģͷŵϢԵѣѨڵʯ˲촷ۡ
ɵ۸߽ףⷽһײҲҪˣ
ʮˣ붼ǳۣԳ׷Ϸꪣɵ۸֣ȻҲܸϷٶȣȴ޷糬ǰ㣬ӦѰѹ취
λȻǱзݵ֮ȥҲ
ڵգʱҲ̲סӷꪣ֣˱ȭ֮ȥ׽ꪡ
ʦ֣ҲȥҶ֣أ̶֣޷סȥ֮ǰỹҶʵ
Ҷȵô֣뷽ҲûиӦҲҪȡһ£λУ
ãǾȶлҶһ⣡
֣һЦݣϲѣû뵽Ҷ˼Ȼû˼ȴԸðգﻹŹͨȻ˼˲ꪡ
飡
Ѩһ
һԹ飬ʵǿᣬͷԹ籩סꪣϧ˲䷢ײȻ৵һɳ籩֮С
ԹòУԱߴŲǿǿУ
ʵ
һԲĸ֣Թʧ֣׼ᣬôӷӳǰ˫ֺݺһ֣ץȥ
࡭
е飬ŭ
䣡
ײֻ֣գ۹򣬷ꪾͰ˺÷飬˲̹ӡ
ͣ
һѪڣɼǣ
Ӱ
ƺѰһѨĳڣʮּɵδȫʧϹŷӡʱԹ龹Ȼ֣ͷԹ籩Ѳǿ˦󣬿׼ʩչʮγԹ籩󷨡
飡
һΣԹǿչֳһƣǿԹǿ֣õĻᣬסꪣðһʱ޷ͻƣԹ֣۵
¡
һīˣͻȻһԹ籩
ʱֲըҲӦᣬӱըһɶ
ҵģ
ۿҪߣͻȻīֱֳֺݺݵץסꪣ֮ϣڱصõЦݣ
ٿ
ְѹģ
ֱͷһԵ⣬ձʹ಻ѣͬޣٿȻһգֻܲģԭػָ
ಣ
һȺƷɹգ
ʱѰȥĳڣһԹ飬˴˷ֶԷ׷ᣬֳʮֻң
ʱ
ӰڵѨһҪĵط
Ҷ֣ΪǲȥҪ֣ͣ·ҶƶȻһʵ
Ҷʮ㣬Ķˣӵ飬⴦ŵطӡʮּɵѰҳڣ˶ϣ£ڷʱѹǲͰ⴦飬÷ꪸӦԶӳҪģڣ֮
֣᲻ɵĴָð취
ȻǻֻۣбƵˣֻǡһûа취ڳڵõôͻ᳹ߣԵ֮ѣ֪δõǶҵȺ֮ǣʱ޷ƣǾͱˣ
ȻҲʮֿ϶Ҷ취Ůӣ˼Ҫϸ壬֣Ἣ޳֮ʣԼĵ⡣
Ҷһ;ӣʵ̫ٲȻȱپԸ񣺡λ֣ĪǺѹ
߲㡭֣ᱻҶȵһʣһۣȻʮֿ϶˵仰
ҶȵͷӦܺãʣµ㣬ҿ㣬ǾоŲգʵλʹõķһ֮ѹꪣλԥǾ취
仰ʱ¶ģҧס˫ɷǶˣ֣
ãȺƬǲɹǿҲңҲˣû취
Ҷ˵꣬תȥ
ʵڲûҶ֡仰֣ᣬͬʱһĨھΣҲϵתȥ
ҺϹŷӡѾ߰˰ˡƣ
غϢԹ飬ƺ뷽è׽ϷҶץ֮Ȼݺݵضӡһģ
꣡
ŷӡ֮ϣ˲ּӡ
ˣ
ոǿĳѺۣҶȾ͸ܵ󣬷ǿƣʩչԪϢ˲Ϣǰ
ƽ飡
һһԵıҶȾʵѹҲʩչͨԻǽƽڷɲǷѷʱƣȻݺݵһڷꪺ󲿷֡

ٶȻͣһ£һ֮󣬷ꪴ΢ƣͷƣ৵طɳѷ죡
ಣ
Ϊ˱鷳ҶҲŷꪷɳŷӡƳˡԹҪôѰҷϢҪôһСֳһ
ꪣ
ɳŷӡΪ鷳Ҷǰһѷ֮ϣѷԶϣʱԵֵЩ׷١
˿̣ǰ֣סꪣ鲻Խ̾һ
ꪣλ׼ʱȫѹסˣǿ߰ɣССƭ˶ãϾһѣʹֶΣЩҶߣһɹ
úã
֣̰ѷꪡꪡ봢䣬һӡ÷ʵʵȻ˲ϢϷǶʱܻʯ㡣


1028 칬ִϢ
ĪԼʮ֮

ӰѿرǺѷУ˲һɳ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ջ񣡡
ͬʱһ֮λˣɸ֮ǰϷĸӣѷˣ󣬼æʵ
˵ز˵ʱҸطϢһҶ֣Ϊأ֣Ტû浱ͬŻش𣬷ǿҶȡ
ڵһʱȡҶȵɼҶȰ˶ȡ֮ѰҶȵ
ֻһ仰λͬţоܲ죬¶ŵɫ
ãҸطúϢ֮ǰҲĲٵҶҲ˵һ룬Ϊʱرܡ
ಣ
Ҳԥ֣·ںʩչͨĨȥϢһ˳ǰǺѹѹԹȥ
һƬƬ磬ϵغˣ֣ҶȵˣѰҲٵطûҵõطַ˰죬Զ뱦Ľ
Ƭ˾޴󣬲Ƭ֣ƺһЩϹ࣬ȻǿֻҪǣǾͲǣ
һ֣֮ˣͣĦ޴½еһƬޱ޼ʹŹ֡ĴϷ
Ȼħսʳ˸Ĺ޻ޡϢ·ﵽΪ
ҶϸϸӦһط˭뵽Σմ֣Ǳ
֣Ҷ֣Ħ޴½ǲ֪ħսȻǽأʮգҲϹ壬ٵǿޡޣϧǶ޷뿪ҪǲܼǿȥһǶȥԶҲħսԶ࣬󲿷ޡûе⣡
ȥɣѵ

˳·ַȥ֮УһЩŹֲֵŸӹŹָڷ磬š
պиɽ꣡
֣ƺҲҽ벻Զ֮󣬸պѰһ·£һɽ꣬һһ룬֣᲼ú÷ӡ
λʦ֣ǵȷǵõǼı⻹Ҷ֣Ͻţʱ丶õŵʹͣΪŽ
Χһ֣Ѷᱦ˵һ飬ȴûаҶӵܣˡ
Ȼ󣬷֣ꪾٻڼУ

˶ʱ۾һ
ҶϸϸһۣоϷȻǰƷȴͨȻϲˣһϹŷϹϢǳŨң֣֡ʦãϲڵõһñ
֣ᱧһΣĶʱͷϢĵҩҶָ࣬ҵȲŸ߲㣬ƶɵĹЦɣ
Ҳˣ
ҶˬһЦȻȱٵҩʱ֣ɸգ϶
ӼҶµҩҲ˿ںһϢȻӽ֮Ҷ־ɸѣȥֻҪкһɸһ
ü⣬ȻɽǶթɱԽǸˣˣⷽɽ֮Уһϵ̫һţƺ֮ǰûЩ֮УҼʶҶȴ󷽰ڰ֣Ȼһת
ǵƾõɣɽ磬Ҷ֣̫һŵӿһʱᣬ޷ʶˣ
֣ȥϢȻӣҶȼڴԼǧǰ̫һɽ糬һֶ죬еͬʱҲЩţǺǣǵһҼֶķɣ
ֶ죡
Ҷһڣһ֣ᡢӵĽã֮ͨ󣬵õֶϢ
ȻֶϢ
ҶҲֶ֪죬Ǻǣʢᰡһɽ磬ССʮţȥμ̫һžеĽᣬǳһţһЩɵ۵ӣӵгʵ
ֻϧڴм֮󣬷·ʲô·̫һټеӣ󲻶иֽĦ޴½ϧ巢ʲô̫һžû͸¶ǧˣҲδ֪ʲôԭ򣡡
֣˵
̫һͻȻٻصӣĪǸŽʦֵʧĪϵΪŽʦֵĦ޴½£̫һŲŻ᲻ͬѰľٶ
ʱҶļ䣬һʣһؽһأԽԽӣ˵һͷˮԭɡ
Ҷио಻̫ԶϾ̫һŷ˴£ܲᱻ֪
ٿٿٿ
һϢ֮ʣ֣ᡢӵϣͬʱϢһһͻȻ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬Ÿ߲㴫ٸȥϣ
ˣΧ
֣˰һҲԱߣֱ֣Ҷ֣뿪ɣ˳ǵĸ߲㣬ʱҶֻ㣬飡
Ҷȿûѡ񣬵һЦлҲֻܼ£
ߣ
̰һһգշȥ
Ħ޴½֮Ŀǰ֪ӡɶĸԭҲͨɸ߲㣬ȡһЩϢ
żϢһ·ɳУҶڰƻһжĦ޴½˿£ֻմƣܽһж
Թ壬ҶھҪһˣĪҪȽ뵱УͨɸӴһһ˽ơ
ţ۷壡
Լһ֮ӭһƬźȻƵգҶȺȻӦһǿϢӭն
֣ӣҲӦǿϢ֮Уǰͳʮλˣ֣ͬĴţϢҲ󲿷ͬɸĵӡ
ʦ֣
֣ˣδͣԷһߣӭʩ״ӶͿĴڣɸĸ߲㡣
һ۷ǿߣɽѾһ
ߣûж֣˱ʾĿҶϣϢ̱֣ᡢᣬλǣ
ɫηĵʦ֣λҶȵѣΣʱȻȻǶȡһոճİ
Ŷ
ո߲һٴ´Ҷȣɫӻɡ䱸и֣Ҳһӡʱ
ꪣ
߼̲鿴ӡڵıʱ˫ĿԲ޵ãһΪ´ˣҶѣĪϷĦ޴½ʱħͷԹ֮УһЩɥĻ
ǰҶδκνͣ΢΢׵
Ϊ˻գóҶȼΪΣ߳ʵʦ֣ٻͬţĪд£
ոʦֽܵһּЩ
еӶΧּ
ڼǰȻĦ޴½칬칬ִߣÿһţһּ
칬ִߣ
ţ
еӣס𺳵ضո߲㣬ͷ϶ЩӸӸо˼顣
칬ƬɽӰҲǲġ
Ȼ֮Уû˱ȴʱҶȣøң
칬Ϊ칬ִ߻ͻȻĦ޴½ְ칬Ҷһֱڼɵʱ̷Ĵڡ
˭ϵĦ޴½칬ʼӴ
ԭҶȻΪվøߣΪǿߣŻ칬ִ潻棬һȴ޳ص


1029 ̫һ
Īֶͬʱʧ칬йϵ
ڤڤ֮УĪǣһ޴ܣ
Ҷһ룬ľð亹
һʼӵξٷ֪ҶȾ͸оܲ򵥣ԲŰѾ䶼纺ܣԷһɸո߲칬ִߣ·һж֤Ҷϡ
֣еӣǾ㵣֣᲻ʵ칬ִߺٳƬɽ硭ҵҲδ칬ִߣʦ֣֪飿
һƳˣĸŶɸ֣Ħ޴½칬ּݣɵӣ뿪Ħ޴½ܿܣвˣĦ޴½ˣλʦܣȻţ±ʱ룬ȴϢ̫һţ칬ľ̫һţ
˸ӡһɵ̼۷׷ס
ո߲ƺУй֣ȭҶʩҶѣȻĦ޴½д·кδ㣿û𴦿ȥӭɸ
лǰʢ飬ȻĦ޴½Σգ뿪鷳λиǣڣ

Ҷ˵꣬͹תˡ
û֣ᡢҶѲӰٶ̫죬λߣȴǰ˵֣ʦܣҶѿɲ򵥣ǿֲܷˣһϢΪϷǿ߰˰ˣ˻δɹ٣ڣ
ôܣ
Ҷֵܲɵ۾磿
һ仰ͬףص֣ᡢԺը
˴ͷ˹ϴ󷽣Ħ޴½Ӧ顭鷳ɸȥɣ
֣ͷ˻Ƭ̣ȻŲģ޺ɻա
Ҳôһ󹦷
Ħ޴½׷˺£
֮ңһƬҾɽУҶվһʯϣ·Թ籩ϯʱʱоӿЩ˵֮ΣգҶУȴǹž޲Ȼ񶨡
칬ִߣ
ɵţŷּ뿪Ħ޴½
Ϣˮըӿȡ
ţ
Թ籩ϯҶȵĳ죺д·ҲܾĦ޴½ǰϧҳǰ֪ԭ򣬾ðȻǰȥҲҲ
Ȼ٣ֱ
ֶֻݣȥ̫һţ칬ִ̫һٶô飬̫һŶ֪߰˰ˣ
ݺݵ߬߬ȭͷ˿öע⣬ͷһͼ̫һĦ޴½ķλꡣ
ȥ̫һҪʮʱ䣬߶СǧĻʮܵ֮ҶպͼʩչСǧ˲ӿա
Ħ޴½ڵɽգҲʮֵģΪͬ㣬һ˶ͲԷɱ۵շ籩
ಣ
һŷӡ⣬ٴһգ
磡
Ȼ֮УҶվŶ˼ʱСǧȴһɰֳҶȺЦղҸоĦ޴½·оԴϢ
Ŷ
ǧͼʣԴƶɣ޷ӦԴСǧȴԸܵ
Сǧ죬һ;·ҪҶ֤ʲôĦ޴½ʱΧûɵţʱֻǲɼһЩ꣬Ϣ֮ȥˣղŸ羭һִĦ޴½ϢɹСǧԿ϶Ħ޴½һоԴ
Ҳú֣ħսɽ磬Ԫ𣬾ȻţĦ޴½ӡǿ⣬Ӧӵɽ籾Դ֧䣬һԪţҲʧȥԣ
û뵽СǧôһᣬҶϸ΢ϸϸһ룬ҲСǧĻе
Сǧһϳģؿ϶˿þԴСǧôԶŵǿߣȻҲþԴһЩͨ޵е
ǺǣСǧ˵Ҷ̿СǧĹԿǡ
ٺ٣СǧĺܣԸӦԴ˰Сǧʱ׼ľԴ̫٣޷ؼ¼꣬޷õɽ籾ԴϿɣ
õҶȿޣСǧǵ⻵ˣ
أ
أ
Ȼ֮䣬СǧҶȱʱҶȼͷޣ·Сǧʲôر˼˰Сβ͡
ಣ

СǧƺҲܵ޵Ϣŵñӻ죬һ¾ͻΪ⣬ӿҶ֮С
ءСǧʧյذ˰βͣ׷ҶȼͷԴпҶȶ
磬ᣬ˼˵䣬ͲͷʧСǧҶڣҪҶǰƽ
ҶȵֻˣСһһҪôƤɰһҪô˵ǣ浣ʱŪʲô
ৣ
һѾһƬ˶ɽǰȻ׵һͷɽ磬ںС
̫һţ
ҶʱСǧͬʱһԭͷϣǰһ󷨽磬ͬڱŽ磬ǰ͸ģ
ڽڲһɽÿһɽ֮壬֮ϸֹȺ¥ǣϡƼһ޴ɽȣɳǵģƳ۵ˣػشš
ȥһԭ͹ľɽɽ֮У塢ȵȣ֮ϣһƵٲӸ߿ն£Ψ𺳣
̫һţ
϶أűֶ컹ƾʷɵţҲǳһţϧΪһţ
ٿ
ҶȻ̫һŽ磬СǧѾʧԽԽʱҶȿʼһֶɫۣϢҲ𽥵ֳ
Ϣոɢδ磬֮У·ͳŸĪĸӦҶȵϢ໥Ħɲһ𶯡
˴
ڲգֳһٶˣּλݲˣ̾ͷɳ󷨣
ߺˣ
ƺȺ˻δ˷ʡ
ֶ죿
ҶȻδشʱϰ֮Уͷ·ӵвӦԪ񣬰Ҷȿʱ
ʲô
Ҳһʱﲻѣ
ȺѾҶȱȭȻӦһֶӣ

ϰ̫һŵӼͣھҶȰգˣ𾪡Ҷȡ
ಣ
ڴʱִ̫һŷһ֮ӿмٳ֣һʮ̫һŸֳлм𳬼ǿߡ
Ȼֶӡ
˼ҶϢ磬ûкʵݣ̿϶Ҷȵݡ
һλ߳е֮У𾴵һλҲǵλߵģҶ⣬ҶһۣȻȭʩӭӭ
ҶҲʮֿȻˣҾֱӵҵ⣬ǰã״ӹŽʦ֣һͬžзʽ˭֪ôǰֻһӻȥͬŸϢִ˽һԭɣ
ֶ֪ˣ
û߻ش𣬽ӣʱһƬ̾
֪ڻ֪ԭɣֻ֪еӣŽʦ֣ʧȥϢҶȻ֪Ϊζ𾪡
һʱ޷Ҳ֪鲻̫ãһȻ
˵
߻⣬йӭ
ⷬٶҶȿٶȻ´£ȴ̵ס飬̫һš


1030 
ˣ
ڰꡢȻе̫һţȻһͻأĺӴ֮
˲ӴӲͬ¥ٲɳ춼ǣ
£̫һŵĻ¥
һȺһɽۣ֮һ߲׳۵Ľɫ
һ˴ҶһǰΧѾۼ̫һŵӣŮŮУҶȽڵһΪĿռ䣬кһҶȾͶ£Ʒɲ裡
УҶͨӦܵٳϢڸĪԼʮˣһЩرϢӦǺ
̫һŲһɣе̣ٳۣڵڣԽڵĴڡ
ʮҶȾͰ̫һ˴գκܣ޷ӹҶ˫ۡ
أ
һЩٵĲش
ӭֶ˽٣
ʮλ̫һŵĸ߲㣬󲿷ֶǳǿߣ֮ǰҶȼߣҲС
Щ缲ڵ˵֮ˣһʮµˣһΪյ¡ɵۡĪԿ񼸺ﵽͬ߶ȣĸ֡
߸𣬲һöεķΪװΣƼ򵥣ֲʧţһƵۣһ֮ǡ
ҶҲվʩȻ˵ſ룡
һ֣Ҷƽ΢΢ɫתһ֣Χ£ԼҶԱߣֱ֮ӿڣֶ֪֪ڴʧϢ
ҶҲڿ죬緢ֹŽʦֵ˳ʱδȡϵЩ˹ŻҪ´ͰѴ·һţ˭뵽ǰһõĵӣֻصڣڲŵ֪д·
ԭˣ
Χ֣вͬľ㵡
̫һųϣٱ֪꣬γƺֶǺݣ
˴ŸɫְеݹȻٴδҶһۣ·뿴ҶʵݣȻֻܳԵʳ
ٱһʣҶȾͰã֮ĽʣȻ򵥣󷽵˻ش𣺡ҶȣٳϣҶǰȻǶҶģҶֶ״ݣ
ĪǰõɽϣõһľţҶҶʦܣٱһǱƬ̣֣Ѱ˼ţٱȻվҶȶ̾
£ҶеػشһƺɽһʢϰߣǸм
ٱ껳żû뵽Ҷʦܣ¿״ӣŽֵܣͬݣû뵽ҶֵᣬʵδᣬҲɳӲһַ׷׶۵ˣ
Ҷȱȭһѣٳϣ˵°ɣ˽ŻҶȴݻȥǰ
ʵ²Ҳ׼֪ͨڣ
ٱһΣϸھεɫָд֮󣬱ű뾡һа취нǡȻûͷŽֵܣŹһţŽ֮󣬱뱾ŸǶȥ˭֪
˵ٱһ֣ҲһɸΪ֮ĴѴ
ȻΣ
ҶƺֿʲôȴûżʣǵŹٱ̫һţԼһش
Χ֣׷һΣ𣬰ϣڹٱϣٱҡҡͷʢһ꣬ڼŶǰ󣬹ڸͽ꣬ڱ޹֮󣬾뱾ŴǱԭΪԲգǵŽֵܴŹڵӣĦ޴½ʱպŵȣǺŽֵһԹҲûУʹŹеȥӪȱŵӡ
ɡ֪һȥ
ЩĵӣһȥӴʧȥϢ
ٱھּΣ̾
ʱΧЩ֣ҲԼͬͷ·𲻸ֱҶȵ˫ֻͫѡܶ
ڵʱŷһɺĵ׵Ϯž
ӳµڣѾȥһǧꡭһ˿ϢҲûС죬Ҷ˼һᣬƼѹգԹٱʵ
ٱҡҡͷźɳӣȥĦ޴½Ѱң񣡡
ҶһָȻʵûϢҲǺϢţѾ칬

ʱΪҶ仰иֶʱ̧ͷһ·ɻҶ֪顣
״ӣ
ٱҲһɾû취£ʵ޷Ħ޴½֪۵ٵӣؼǣ۵ӣҵˣⲻǰװõȥ𣿡
Ҷһû˵
ٿҪᣬ֮󣬾칬ѰϾĦ޴½غɽ綯칬ӲܣԼ¼Ǿ칬ʮ칬ִߣһ֮Ǿ;һǧڣϢѡ֪ͨڣ
칬ִ߿зʲô
ʱûУҴ֪ƺЩֻ֣칬ִ߲֪ΪʲôԭδԱйҲǻδѰԭɣҶѣˣ¾޷סˣ˴£Ժ̫һɽһǧɰ
ֱʱٱĳµԭ
Ϊ̫һţ
һڲûţȻΪۻʢָ
΢΢һҶȲûеѣҲδˣʮ̫һŵѴ̫һȻȥֶ졣
һѰ˼ΧٱƺδҶ򿪿ڣ칬ȻɽǱϾˣԼˣģԼģȫ£
Ҷֵܴ˻⡭ٱʱһڴҶȽҪ˼
ҶȵȻ飬ջȥԼȻ칬ãҲʣҲǺϢ칬ִߣһ֣ȻͻȻĦ޴½ŵӣʱ뿪Ħ޴½
ŶּҲŸոսӵ֪Ҷֵλ֪
ʵ֮ǰĦ޴½֮ǰɸĵѣ˵ּ֮£
ֵ˽⡭ñ£ѣٱٴҶȱȭʾǸ⡣
ҶȰڰ֣ȻһݣϣùɳȥĦ޴½칬Ҫһʣ²ȥ
ٱվ´ǰȥ֮ǰ칬ִй潻ʣڻһλϣĦ޴½칬ִߣҳ棬ðĶ࣡
У²˳٣ٸȥҶȵͷ
ȸϣҶѸĦ޴½ʱעٱ굱棬ΧϸϾһ
Ȼ󼴴Ҷȣһͬɳ̫һţ
ɽ嫵ƺУҶٱ֮٣Ħ޴½
ҶٶǾˣʵ񣬻δﵽۣʵǳһŵ״ӣ
˲Ϸɹյɽ磬ٱһֱȷ֣Ҷȸٶȣһֱֲ£˿Ҫ֪۷壬ҶȲɵ۸߽ס
Ҷȿصµõһ׿ռͨһ
ʦͽȻһԽһҶСܣǿҪӿһٶȣȡ꣬Ħ޴½
ã
Ȼһͬӿٶȣವһƿշȥ


1031 ô
֮ӰĦ޴½
Ħ޴½ȻҶһӡϢ
ǽһ·У֮УٱʩչһٷԹصܿ죬һͺͺԭ֮ϣһɵ⣡
ʦ֣
ˣ֮˲ɳΪһˣǼɵ۸߽̫һŵӡ
ٱҶȵͷ˼ӿٶȣڰ뼸λٱʩʦܣ
ʦ֣λǣֶͽΪɵˣȻĿҶϣĺȻ
ٱΪܣʦܣϣֶ֪ȥλҶȵѣֶ״ӣҲǰɽᣬ˷ľţ
Ҷѣ
˫һ棬ҡҡͷĴ֮һŽָŵУϧη£պ˫޷ˣ
ǰ鵽һƬˮԺ󻹺˵֪ڿɷϢҶ⡣
üңһ⣬ƳƳٱ꣬ٱҲͷʾ⣬ɲŻڵڱٵӣۼڴӪ칬ִ򣬽ĿǰȻûϢ
仰ҶȳüһԹٱҲüΪɥ
Ҷ˼⼸룬ʣ칬û˿ջ񣿡
ɫҾ޷϶Ϣǲȥڣ޷ȥǿڣȺ칬ִ߸߸ϣﲻ𣡡
ʣ£һͷǰȥ칬ִߴ仰˵ֶҶ
ãȥ󷨣
ಣ
һ˲Ϣ䣬ʧգȻ֮УһṦҲʧͺͺԭ֮ϣԹħ͸ŻĹżȡ
󷨵ʮֳУ̫һɱżȥ֮УҶٱһ޴ռ䣬ʱ̫һŵӡ
Ҳ̫һųϣ¼Ҫ칬ִ߽棬ҶСܣĪż
ƯգٱҶȽ칬ִ߷ĦʱúҶȡ
ȻҶѡ
Ҷѣ칬ִ룡
һӰɡ
ã
ҶȵӦɻ󷨣ٱ򰲾ԭصȴ
칬ˣҿһ꣬û뵽л潻棡һ󷨽磬ǰͳϤʥϢҶȿƳУ
Ӵ˿̿ʼҪ칬
ô꣬ٻһ̣ҶоͷģҪ칬һֱֶ죬ΪĲΪ
һСɽ磬ֶ죬Ӷ칬ŬһССŻתǬġ
ٿ
ɴ߶ӡǰʥ糨ʱϤ칬Ϣ칬ִߵʥƣһһӭ
ڳͷ֮磬ɱô칬ִߣʱҲЩ΢΢ļ
գۼ䣬ʥâȻֹǰһ칬ʮ֮ߣʮΡ룬Χʮλִأ
һٶλִߣô֮ࣿһǳۣһмɹϢ
Ȼʶز׽ΧϢӦ֮Ҷס칬ִ˼ʮ𳬼ۣƺ޷Ӧǿߡ
ֶҶȣһᣬһᣡ
δȥ칬ִߣ칬֮ڣ˲߳λ칬ִߣͷһƯ칬ʥ׳ۣʥ
һλ꣬һλʮ꣬ŮӰϸϸϸüȻһգȴ͸һŮӲе˵Ƿ۴ݡ
Ҷ侲ǰһȭλִߣ
ӣЦûһִߣˣҶֵܣɽɾҲжţû뵽Ħ޴½ż棬ֶܴǰɼֶķ
ŵӣְڣִ˿бͬϢҶʩʵ
ӰȻҶһлδ֪æµ꣬ɳֵȥѰңʱһ񣬲ҷģһգڲ֮ҵɵʧѣƬɽһƬ
һǻ仰ӦӦ
ȫչ
ȥǺջģ
Ҷ񻺻˱仯ȻӱȭĦ޴½Ϲħս̫ΣԤϣҲִֻߣȴȥ£ʧͬţֵڴΣλѾ
лҶֵ½⣬ҶֵԵʱգҵȻᾡҶûмѯʣΪ⣬һЦ
ƺҶʱƣ
ಣ
Ҷֻתһִߴ򿪽磬˲˳ȥϾͻָ״̬
ô
ոһڵϢռ䣬ٱȲ첽ӭĿԾڴ
Ҷҡҡͷ΢ʧ칬ִֻǷ˼䣬ǣȥʣҲʲȻٳϣȻһŰɣȴ
ҲãȻˣҾȸǣʦܣչҶСܣʧ壡
ٱһֱŴżӣ뿪󷨣
ң
һҶȾռһ֮úϢ
˿ԺǸ칬ִߣ˼ȥҶôʵϢ鵽ֵزջҪԼȥȼкж
ҵ֮Ҷһżģȴ칬ִϢͷԪǱΧȻ֮кúϢ
ţжˣ
Լȥ
ҶȾϲۣȻһвסģ̫һɣ˵ҪȥΧתһתһȰ˵Ҳ޷ֵҶȽŲͬҲҶԾֻܾܿҶȶ뿪
ಣ
߸ԭգʮ칬ִߴзɳͷһλӣǼԦ칬ۣȻεֵԹ籩ٶ̫ˡ

˸ոշɳȥҶҲʩչԪȥ
ʱ䲻ʧҶȾͷӵ˷еķ򣬾ȻĦ޴½ڶĽƹ硣
ȻһƬ棬ĹϾɽԹ飬ǿ󣬿ڵԹ飬ȱȽǣ
Լһ£
ҶȫϵԹ飬ﵽԲصڻֲ
ֻʮ칬ִߣһƬķϿͣһһ칬ִߣӸԹ籩
칬ִʩֵܣϢñȥ
¼ڴˣ
Ӹִߣ⣬ǵϥӹ£رˣϷϲһ׷٣ʩչ󷨣Ȼ޼Ϣ
޼Ϣ
ڰҶȣĸ֣ʱһëɶ
¶΢΢ϲɫͷܺãȻȷ޼Ϣôоо޴ջǿҲҪһȥ֪ͨˣִһƻ
ˣǻֲɵŵʬ壡ֵ
⵹ûʲôЩˣҪ䡭ˣȻȥˣӴʮλ칬ִߣתȥ
ڵϵִߣ˲ϢվҲתʱա
ô
һ̣ҶȣСԺͬʱԾӿһӰޱȡ


1032 Ϲŷӡ
޼Ϣ
Ҷȵģðһ亹
֮£޼֮ˣָ
ħսĦ޴½ôʵһ춯ء
һУ·γһҶԺƯ֮Уһϻ۵ˡ
Ǭ
֨
˫ȭɵһ߬ð亹ͷʵѪҺ·Ǳľġ
Ǭ϶־ͷô칬˴£е飿
û뵽ͷ֮һ𣬾ȻôĦ޴½Ҫ棿
ڡҸоؿڻеʹζ
һ뵽ͷ֮磬ҶȾͲòԺǰΣǬ޵̴ŵĻ棬ǻ棬Ǭôǿ󣬶ҶǬ޼ƿʩ
һµˣ
Ҷüͷգ칬ȻʱʱעǬȻǬ칬Ĺʵڿɶǿ޵У칬ٴѹ޽֮أˬˡ
оһᣬǰ
ҶԺܿһģ棬ǬȻְ칬ִߣս칬֣֮ԸǬٴνѹ
һͷһģ뷨
ƻ˵ϣ
ǬֵˣͲǰӣȥһУֵ˽棬ʱʱ̶̿޳仯ţͻȻ̬ܳȥ֮
ˣڼԶ϶ǬΪĦ޴½ǬϹϵеʲôܣͬţΪλʧ
䰵в¶ȣȥǱڰУѰҴ𰸡
ȻҶһͷһ⣬Ħ޴½ȥӿٶ׷֮ǰһλ칬ִߡ
ৣ
߶СǧηٴԽ˲Ϣ׷ȥ
׷ˣ
ҶȾһƬգ֮ǰλ칬ִߡ
ִߣԵǰУݺ磬һΪҲǴﵽ۷壬칬ͨǿߣҲκβ˴ˣԹ籩зУӦ֡
ҶȻϸķ֣˺вͬķʽƺҲԿԹһЩħȻ̫̬Ҳˡ
ֲÿĦ޴½ȥ磡
ҶȽ󣬶Է칬ִߣҲ޷ԪҶȸоһɱ塢аϹ֮
ѵǰηӡɶ֮أ
ϢȫͬϹͥϢҪϣؼУһɱ塢а񣬻гԹƺκ壬ɣᣬɾͱ塢а塢Թȵȡ
öʬ壡
ԽһϹŸƺпϢ赲Ҷʩչֹ£һһա
ȻԽһƺͷַʱʱһʬ壬ܶʬ壬ԵֻʣǼܣ
ʬԽԽ࣬ǰһɽ޴ĻɽƺոձƵģΧʬ֮ࡣ
ǻɽӻɽھȻֲǿʢıԹ
ңڻɽΧƯŶʮ칬ִߣγһƺڷʲôͻȻ֡
ɽڣϹŷӡɶڡٿ
ҶȲòڼգͷŴ칬Ϣ˿˿Ԫλִ߷˹ȥ
Щ칬ִ쳣ǿǿһ֣һԷҲ취ͨǾ鷳ˣ
֣ôŻ
Ҷȶԣ˲䴫ͨԪ칬ִ໥Ի
λ칬ִߴһηʩչصķӡϢȥɽΧ칬ִһһףȻ簽ıȽأҲδʱ䣡
簽𣿿ӡ
еҶȣϸš
簽Ҳǰ
ˣڼλӡ֮£̽ѰڣѰҽӡռ䣬Ҳ֪ϷѰҵˣڲ֮УڡҵȾҪ־񣡡
֣簽СӵĳԱҲĦ޴½һɽ٣Ӧ֪ѰҵĶ˭ɣ
Ҳ֪
λ칬ִߣһִʣһʱ֪λش
٣簽ڴˣҲûʸ֪˭Ȼһ޴˳棬¼һ򵥣ϴγͷ֮¼˶ֵܣǿɲ
ǰͷ֮綼¨ӡ
˵˵ţԽԽ˵ȥɫޱȣΧ㣬γԱȡ
ɽ֮£칬ִߣ
ҶһԻ֮˼֮УһϢҶʩչ龻֣ȻҪӦŽͬϢ
ٿ
Ժӿִﵽ۷ˮ׼Ļ龻֣תӦſ
ǧǱޣȻͨдɱ䣡
ôһ£ûһ˿Ϣ
գۣҶȾ¶ʧɻɫӡ֮;Уϰʬ壬ûһֶӵģֶʧӡɶмϵôһиӦ
ˣ
ȻҶʧ֮У龻ڶһֶϢȻڻɽ֮У΢΢˸
ôӦ
ֶϢ΢龻໥ϵʱ칬ִߣȻ׽ɽڵӦ
м̷ȥ
֮УǼ칬ִȥѰϢҶȾͲʧɫû龻ʧȻСЩ칬ִߣһ󳬼ۡҺǻ龻֣ʽӦᱻ֣
̫ˣȻڷӡɽ֮УֵͬϢĪǡŽʮλ߲㣬ٶšӡ֮£
һ룬ȻҶԺ
룬˼飬Ҷһҡͷ뿴ʵҡҡͷԣ
ôӡ֮У̫ˣ̫һŵԮˣѵ̫һŵ״Žͬţڴˣȡ֪Ϊԭһһӡ֮أ
ȻһδεķϷֵµϢҶȸоһͷöȻѾӦͬϢ˵ͷۡ
ڿԿ϶㣬ͬţһڷӡ֮У֪칬˵ģǬģ
غҶȱ߶СǧСɽա

ɽգշ籩ȻͣĦ޴½Ƭշ籩̫ԵһС
˴Ϣʦ㷢ٷԭίšȻӪͬţͲҵ£Ҫġȥ칬Ǭڸʲôƻǵļƻ˵ֻкô
˰죬Ҷ˫ֿʼһӡĦ޴½̫ңԶҶٷֻܴξʵǿ󣬻вӦٷΪױ
Ϣ޷ݳȥ
ٷϵһ״ӣʮλ߲㣬ٶŵӵİΣɶϷҶٷѲپʩչһطӡ
ٿ
ٷɣһֻ񣬷ɽ룡
ಣ
ͬʱҶȾʧգĦ޴½С
˲䣬ֳھϹŷӡ֮ؼԶС
СǧҵʱץûᣬǱУ
ҶһץСǧһ䣬ȻʩչԪһԹֱ֮ƿҷ֮Ŀռ䡣
䡭
һǿҵıըҷͷһƬǣ
ৣ
ʮ칬ִߣͷ󷨣˲ɱ֮˹ȥ
ಣ
ƿ˲䣬ҶץסᣬСǧǣ£֮УʣһȺ칬ִƤӵ·ɽڡ


1033 ħ
ʱԽ칬ִߣӡɽڣոսɽڣҶȾͼ·Ȼһħγеķӡ硣
зӡطѷ죬ԼΧƯż߸ʬҲв䲻õˡ
ħսϵУһıӡɶȻ˾лѰЩˣǶᱦ
ƳЩʬ壬Ϊζ䣬Ҷץʱ䣬һϸСķӡѷ죬˲˽ȥ
৵һΪһʧӰ٣
ùϡµ磬а֮
գۼ䣬ӡѷ죬ҶȾ͸ܵһѹƣҶΪܸܵһ˿˿ѹƣɼӡ磬жô嫡
ѹƣϤԹ֮֮ħ֮䣬Χ磬һĽ룬ܼһЩֲȻʮ
ಣ
ҶȸҪӡ֪һɽһӰɹգͻȻȥĸͻȻ
ȻֻһϷӵ顭ֲôˣϹŷӡɶȫᱦԪɱӵжʶΪ飡
ɣı
˵ˣҶȿҲֱˮð֮գӡ磬ȡһҲ
ˣ
˲ʩչԪϢȻ߶龻ֻ֣˫֮Уһ龻֡
΢΢תۼϵտռϢһƽһƣ̣Ȼ龻־΢΢𶯣·Ӧʲô֮ͱҶա
ŽʦͬţȻϢͬʱҲӦ칬ǿߵϢرмϢȻﵽ۷壬ڣǿߣҲֵֻܵжѡ
ӡ֮ڴ칬ִߣҲУһ鷢ᱻ칬ִ߰˽ӡ
ӡ֮أǳŻ龻ֶ޷ӦϢҶȲҲоǰ;ϣ
ڷ뿪ӡ֮ء
ǰУʲô޷Ԥϡ
ԴʦΪ˵Ѿյҵٷżһӡ֮شҵͬǷ񶼻š
ڸ֮УҶһһ˼ţջȻʽӡ֮س
ƺΧӡǹϵģҿһʱʱԼսµĺۼʱҲּʬ壬Ľ󣬽磬һЩȻĹͬʬԽԽࡣ
ж٣پʬ壬ҷ·ԽӡʬԽ࣬ʬ֮бɱģҲвٸʬ
벻ϮͷҶÿһоΣգ
ЩʯùϣҾԪ쿰ƷʯһһȻ֪ʲôóȥĸ֣Ƴ
֪ԽƬռ磬Ҷȷַ·ҪһƬ֣½һЩɢŹʯҲһһĹ֡
ȻһƬϴ֡ЩʬΪΣ
߳һƬŨʱǰͷƮĴ֣Ȼ֣û߶Զͷһصֲ֮ϣȻʮˣÿһˣǸʬ
ٿ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֲͻȻ̳һӰȻһ֦
񣡡
̫ͻȻҶһǱ֦Ҽ磬Ҷȱһɣٿٿʮ֦ش
һǿ֮ǰԹ˷һ޴ܱǰ״̬һǵ飬Ϊ۷֮£
ֻһȻҶһգϹ֮ص壬Ȼɽ糣̬ȥ
ٺ٣Ҳ˶㣬ҿҪøɸɾҲЩĿ

ԭһʮ֦֮УȻ˲Ϣ߶γɴĿռ䣬ðΧ
࣡
ƿ˲ϢʩչֹĻܶһ£ŭɶ˻֮
ಣ
Ҳ΢΢˫һ֣ʱ˿ͬˮΧӿûзӡҲûںϣֱӾͱҶڣһɹɸӵĹҶȷ֮С

ֻһ˿ʵĵͺȻ˶Ȼ˲ήҶһӣΪһƬ
һþҪۣ֪ҪﵽεȵزҪʱ̣ܲŵԴ
Ҷںϣһַӡ֮󣬰ѲϢڷ֮ϣһҶȵϢΪӡ֮һ֡
ǰ֮УһҶԤϲֲ࣬ݡ滨֣֣Ҷһ·նʩչһѳͳͳڣӡ
Žһ£ҶȲڴֶһȦӣ֣߳һƬħơ·һƬµĹż֮ء
⴦ɿݵĺΧİ׹ǣ֪ƬħǳҶҪܿħ磬Ѳʵ

֪ҶȶߴһĦײ֮
һ࣡
ͻأ֮䣬һħֱӴҶֱӸǶҶȾҪܣҲѾ޷ħƣħΪûΪһ֡
˸ħڴϿգһħٶȫǰ׹ɣڷ֮ϣһãһħףǿնͫ
ħ壡
Ҷɫһû뵽˼Ҹѹˣ
ħɭɭҶȣǱħ飬ϱӡĨɱħʶɣҾ죬Ҿ͵أ
˸ħȼﵽʮף¾ҪԽʮףӵа
ħʵҶ˲Ϳ߰˰ˣĹħħʵﵽ۷壬ڡ
ⲻҶһ̾ҪԸڣһ࣬Ҫѹħ飬ʩչͨʱ칬ִ߸Ӧ£¶Ϣ
ССһħˡ
Ҷ취ҪͻΧȥʱһ޷졢ĿһУħȻһ
㣡
·֪ݣҶȲɵøо⣡
˭ӱһҪħ񶤣Զ޷ħħ鶯ŭˣ÷΢΢ز
ಣ
һ꣬߳޷ӵеĿɱĿ⣡
һƳ꣬ҶȱЦһħ޿ײ밡
ԭ꣬ħ
ٺ٣Ѵ칬ִߣǣȴãֲģֻԪͬģҲɱԪҿʩչȭţ
ħڨڨ˵һħɭɭħħ飬ͻȻһ׾
ٿٿٿ
գ֮䣬ֻħһɹȼյаħ棬ֱӵڷӡҶ֮ϵħ֮ϡ
㻹ߣҵĲˣҵ֣ħ׾٣Ȼһڰ׾ΪƵͨѹסħħĴ
ò˵ллɣ
Ҷ䳰һû뵽ᱻħȻתͳħչֵ֮ವطˡ


1034 
׾
֮ҶȱɳƬħ򣬽һ֮С
Ҷȴ˿̲δǰУһعͷƮ쾳硣
ħԴħħÿĴУ޼˻ףղǾ׾ӦþԺڰ׾ĹΪʥУڰ׾ֻʥںϣԴϿƲ٣ħ޼˻ף
ţŵĹţ
ħҶֻһħҶȺڰһ棬ӵҶȼƥеǻֻۣȱٱˡĶҶӵУħҲӵС
ħ̫뵽ģ뵽ģҲ
ʲôˣµģ
ǾǶԼ֪֪ףӵͬǻֶεĵˣ¡ǿĵˣҲԼ
սʤħҶսʤҡ
ԺħһͨҶȸоǬħҲЩ࣬вҲûħ¡
ħϣֲԸ͸ѡ
磡
ħҶȵģҪҶǱʶ֮УֲҶ֮УħջǱʶͬħĴڡ
ಣ
ʱȥħҪƬδ֪
κ֮ҶȾͷƬռ䣬Ҳǳ֮оԶŴܵķӡֶΣֱǵһ޴硣
ϧռ඼飬øɴ

ڿնĴУʱʱһЩֲ֣һЩصĵʱһOO@@ĺҶȵĶ
ӿ첽ϢҶη֮󣬺ȻһƬɢŲʬǵİգƯһɵʮˡ
һ꣬Ųƺڳ˯
ûһ˿ϢϽˣһ֪ӡ֮أʲôܰɣ
ڼһˣҶȲɼӿ첽ƾճ˷ȥ
ۣ
ͻȻһ磬ͷܻĽ磬Ҷȿ쿿һ֮ʱشбҶ˺ɣһɻȻΪһȼջơ
꣡
ͬҰ磬˲ȼҶȣ
Թ飬Ҳħ飬ǡҶȷɾ裬ӡ֮أȻİ̫ӣøӦҲܵӰ죬֪ͻᲽ֮С
ʵǲ
һ˻Ƶһãһֳ
һ̣ҶȾͼУȻŵˣͷ·ͷ׸顣
ҶƳ֮üͷһ壬Ŀ֮ϣͬΪ㾹Ȼȡǵ
飬¶һаЦ֮ٺ٣ӡ֮أǷӡ֮ȫʧЩ޷뿪ģֻȡЩŵ֮壡
ӡ̫ãЩɵҲʧȥҡȻɵϢ׹ħ
ʥղɵǿߵʶγʶǶôĲףģ׷кβԣѵ֮Уֻ࣬ſ׷
˵ĵǲϧ֮壬ǾǴģôҲңΪ
ȻԼģ
ڨڨһЦ¶ɷԣȼɻҶΧĻԽŨң
ͣ
ѸͣҶȵķҵĻǣҶû뵽ɻȫӵ۷ˮ׼
ɻ𣿾Ըң
ҶȺȻһЦʱͷϹϢͷ򣬾Ȼǰһɻ
飬ݺݵһ
Ȼ𣡡
ǿڻ֮Уһͨͨ飬Ҷһͨ˲һ飡
ûзӦ

Ҷһȫﵽڵĸ߶ȣȻʱȻһײ˲飬һҲûУʹ
شЦȫҶȣǸ㣬࣬ҵͨɻ𣬶ǹΪʬˣһϹɵ磬һǿĴܣĹѾﵽӽˮ׼㲻ҵĶ֣
𣿡
ͻȻҶгһˮȻֶһ
꣡
ֻһһ֣
ͷ­֮ϣȻһĶϺۣȻϺۿʼɢֻžһ֮
һ
˲һãΪһƬǻң
㻹ӣ
ŹǻһʶȻҪ͵͵ߣһ̣Ҷͷ˲Ϣͨ򣬰⵽ʶĨɱ
ˮȻá
ҶȻ̯֣֮ͥڣõˮû뵽ϣֻһȰã˲ˣ
Щ˿˾ͷ
պˮҶҪʧǰɨˣܵѾҪʧͷһӿڣϢָ·Ԫ޷
ԭһľɱ
ʱ鲼õ󷨣ʼˣ봦Ưһ飬ҶץУϸϸһĨʱоΧٵӿһŲľ飬ֵƷʯһӵӣٶȻӱϹ֮ϹȻһ޷
һָ취ȥɣ
պñҶȶ˷һԪ֮󷨣Ȼ޷һ£
ηУڷɳƬ磬ȻǰһƬտ磬ƺǰǿĽ磬ͳͳ飬ΪһƬʲôûе磡
ˣ
Ҷյ磬һ֮󣬺ȻڵĻ龻֣տռ֮УͳҶͬϢ
ʣ˵ΧֶӵϢ
ҶһݣʩչԪϢӡ֮ز칬ִߣһǬҲһǸӦҶѡ
ŨҵϢӦþǰ棡
һ󣬺ȻǰһƮ硣
ҶȿԶ϶ֶӾ֮УǺס𽥿磬Ȼ֮гʮӰ
һɫۣ
ҵˣ
ɫ۶Ҷ˵̫ϤȻһο磬Ż壬ʮֶӣȻһ֮УľһӡƺǱһε˼ά
ڼͬţҶԲɣ
ǱŵӡȻһЩ̫һţɸĵӡƺʧȥԪŶ󷨡
ҶȲûеһʱ䣬ʩչͨӪʮͬţһΪٶͬţųֺٲ֣䲻оǰ󷨣ƺڿˡ
ǡ
Ѱһ̣ҶϿգȻϿգһ¯Ǹ¯ڻᣬķӡ·Ľʮλӡ
Ǳ˿ƣⶦ¯
ǰҶ͵һ𣬶¯й죬Ҷ̸Ӧ¯Ӧ󷨣ֻҶȴʱĿͻȻһⶦ¯Ȼ֮¯·ʮ˵֮¯
嶦¯ԴҶƺȻֹ
еˣ˿ƣԶӡһֵĶ¯
ͻȻ࣬Ҷȸе־


1035 ܽ
¯֮ǰ࡭ѵҲһ壿Ҫָ
һʧ޶ԣԸ׳ԼˣͬţҶȾͺ޲ȥٴ¯
ϸϸһ룬ЩʵҲѹǣǵԪֶΣǳģ
ȵҵŽʦ֣ʮλ߲㣬ϣûбѹĳ֮С
ռʱ䣬һֱע¯仯˽⵽ЩͬŻ֧żʱ䡣
ʱ䣬պÿѰͬţ
˼ãĿǰҶȾǬ칬ͬţֵһᣬȵȷͬ˵
ಣ
߶Ԫ޿ռ䣬ɹ
Ϊǰһ޴ռ䣬ɵҶȸոƹ󷨣ȴһѣǰһ󷨣ÿһ󷨣ȻѹżʮˣֶҲС
ٶӣȫѹ˰ɣ
һΪԸȥĽҶȲòٴһɨ֮еֶӣ׶ϤЩӶֶš
ҶΣȻƹһ󷨣Լһ£ﾹȻн󷨣Ѻˡ
ǡ
룬һΪ޴󡢼̵ǰʱҶüͷһ֮Уʮ𳬼۸֣һڣ
ʮˣֶĵӣмλڵʿ
һˣ˲ҶȵĿ⣡
ֶ״ӣŽ棬Ϊﵽ۷壬յ¡ɵ۵״֮ǿ֮һ
ʱŽɵۼһȻ˿ƣ˫ۣӡ׸Ϸ¯
ŽΧʮˣ˶ֶĸ߲㣬˻ڣʮˣɽκһһš
Һ֮ǰûǾ֮ˣ鷳Ҳͬܵһǣϧ޷ϵʦ֣ͬš
ʱҶǽѣ
ھͳ֣ͬţȻʵȣͬŰװʧ޷һжû
ֻܶܶеȴʦͬŸ֣ǰȣһͬ취˸ҲһռˣΪôͬţұòⱳ֮ˣ˭
ϣҪǬ
ӡ֮أֶָ֣Ҳ޷ӡ֮أչȭţܵѹƣҶȱΪЩֶ룬󷨺ǿߣȥ
Ȼȵξվж
ǾջҶܾģµҪԣѾԽְڣֶֻܾ
ಣ
һ֮Ҷȱ֮󷽣һƮȥ
֮УȻʬ壬󲿷ֶǸʬҶӡ֮أΪ֮ĸʬˣ
Щʬ壬һˣǶȡɥġ

ͻȻһҽǰһ֮д
ҶȲ̫Ҿ徣һֱð亹Ϊһ࣬Ҷȿ󷨣ͷԪŽۣ˲ħħ飬Ȼڻһˣ
ܲңǸˣȻֶӣӲңԪҲʱһħһħյԶʧ
ȻһѪڣħºǱѳһֵѪ⣬Ȼ˵Ѫ⣬ǹѪ⿪ʼðһħ̡
ɶ񡭡
Ҷ޲˲ɱ˼ˣϧһͬţôˣҶֻڶ󷨣־ȻмʮħħϢ
ǿħ
ǱƬ֮ʱȻ䣬ԹշʮӰҶȼдͷĺӰʱһɫ
ǺӰȥĿռ䣬ķȥ
ô
ո󷨵ʱһΧһٶħħ顢Թ顢ȥѲߡ
ǴﵽڵĴڣ
ҶֻһħԪ񣬱һϿգȻԪ񣬻󷨣ҲպѰ鴦
ħзּ´
һаشѷ촦
ҶȱԺ֮УͨԪӣ֮УʮǿߣʮˣȻӵѪ֮壬һΪﵽ˵ڣǴ֮ˡ
һţħףˣһһͷϢˣ˶볣û𣬶ǵʵҶȸоܽغϣѾˡ
Цħ취ڴ칬ڰж
ħм칬ߣһԪ֮ãδɽйʲô칬ɱ٣
ֵܿɲҪС칬ħ칬ɽߣҪϹϾħ˼Ҫ칬̸У
˼ţ
ħǷӡ֮أѾ뿪⣬ǿĴڣƿһУȻħҪʲôҲ˼
ߣֻҪӡȫɶǾͿ뿪ָɣ
һħһɽţ
ħһɹӡ֮صķӡף
ͨԪǿ߶ԻҶȸоһƬϹŷӡ֮أȻžǿߡ
ң칬Ҳ̸ֻУ֤ħǿ
Ȼ칬Ҫʲôħ̸УǺãұÿ̸ͨݣ֪ԭɣԼǬǲ
칬ɵ˭
Ҷɽ磬δŹ˴˹ؽ౦ۡϼ߾ۡǬЩ칬üɵ
пܣһǬйأ
ֻеȥ칬ħ̸УЩһ֪ҶջԪ񣬸оܣҪ˫̸Уˮ档
ʱҶ⣬һĹȥڼ䣬ҶҲʱעΧӡ֮زż깦ξ񲻻ô쵽
ٿ
ȻҶȵȴֹ֮ʱһǿħٿȻ֮С
ħˣѾ칬̸УֵܣЩ󷨣ȸǣ
ģдħԲõ󷨣ڣȻûܺ
ಣ
ˣ˲ѷ֮֮зɳΧʮ֣ҷշȥ
жˣ˫ǿұСġ
ҶҲʩչԪٶȥκ֮󣬱϶飬һ󷨣ֽһƬ޵磬Լʱһϵ֮У·˷ӡ֮أӽλá
ʥϢ칬
ϵĿռ䣬Ƭ̾͸ӦصϢʥƮ죬ҶϤ칬
ϢһѡоȻ𣬿ƽϢһһаĪǾǴħ칬Ĵ
һӦҶ̼֪ͨһħ飬ħ߿գͨħ۾Ҷȿһٶ칬ִߣվڰգǰҶȼ簽𣬶ԱߵִߣǸ꣬ƺ칬Ĵ
ң꣬ȻҲͬ簽һ죬ֻ죬Ϣ·ΪȻ
û뵽칬ǿ߼롭վ簽ߵǸꡭһǡڡ
кȻһ£꣬Ҷȷ·ֻصؽ磬һޱСĴ


1036 ħڤ
ڣ
칬Ȼһ޽֮أǳĴڣɽ磬վŸκ˴ɱҲܲһ˿˺
ڳۡڳȥҲ޷˺ڵǿ
ڣǾ磬һʵԪȫɱ䣬ǰڿϣҲһֻ
ɽ磬ɣһţһھͷ
˿ڹϵķӡռ䣬칬һٶִߣһ̾գȴӡ֮ǿߴħ

Լ㣬һƼǧħ顢顢Թ飬ӵĹǿߣһŵӸԶĿռ䣬ֱӴ
ظ¾Ǵħɣ칬Ĵڤ
վ簽ߵλǿߣԴգ˵ȴӲϣơ
ಣ
ǿӡڤԱݣȻΧǧӡǿһһ
˺󣡣
ڤ·Ԥεͻ֮£簽˳룡
ô£
ԶҶȣϢһħ飬ͨԷ۾Ͷ䣬ͻȻ仯ļƣ֪ΪͻȻᷢ
¡
ڴ˿̣ӡͻȻĿۣ
ռ𶯣һ׾޴ȼպħ֣γɹ״ΪצȻ֮䣬ǵسڤһˣɭɭѹ
ħҲ̫ļ˰ɣ
ͬΪ֣ڤ·ϵԷҪʲôŰǲ칬ۣʼ޷ħͻͻѹƺҪɷ顣
ʥȭ޵У
ڤٿȻԭһ
˲Ϣħͬȸ߶ȿռ䣬ȫչʥұһӣȻΧȻΪһ޴ʥȭӡ泯ħӭȥ
ڸ֣
̬ﵽֵز޴ֻֻĴ統ɽħڵɽۣǰ㣬ƻֿԳɽա
һ㳬޷ģȳ棬ȴҲûֻƣƻ
䣡
գ֮䣬ӡռضɽҡգʥ֮⣬ڻ֮бƷӡռ綼ҪƵģ
е㱾£߶ԻҪ֤Լ칬ǿߣ͸ӡ֮أ
ħȻҪʶ칬ľǾɣ
֮գҡУһ۾ӰŹ̶
ͬʱڤϷϿգ𽥱ǣĳۣ֮еƯںڰԣ
ħ
þ˫
˽ǧ׿ռڣһ˫˺ڼǧֻ֮ԶԶ֣֮н֣
ħӰݺ֮УԦ̣ΪħΪںϲħ
ڤӰȴʮֶĿƺڰеʥ裬ȻڱΣʱʱԼӰ
ڷӡ磬ִ֪ٴΣ˶޷ֻϡһһֲʤ
Һӡ֮أֻдħڤֻ֣ҪǬ·ӪͬȻգȴмְգǬ·ڤЩִߣһñֶٸ֣Ҳ۶٣
Ϸӡ磬ҶѾֵӰţͷ򣬰ѸϮ׷׻⣡
ͬʱҲ룬ӡֻ֣֮һˣһһħͬǿľͷ˻֪ǱڰҪʲô
һ룬Ƥˣӡ֮أһһ̫
ħΣ
Լ죬Ļգڤ
Ȼʵ칬ʸ뱾̸
ʱħ˲ʧһѾһħ֮ϣ󷽷ǧ֡
ԷǸֶڤħ֮ϣ˿飬еֻǴݣ簽һٶִߣҲ˲󷽡
˫Ӫڷӡնš
ֻħɭɭЦʮ޳üӥۣħͫݺᡢڣڤЦʱɲ࣬аħӲ򽻵
ڤħȻǿֱĿ죬¾ͲȦӣ칬ӡ֮أ˿Ȥֻ֪ˡ䣡
ˣ˵ˣħȻɫ
ħˣӡ֮أΪͻȻɶˣ꣬Ħ޴½ķӡδйһ⣬ڼǧǰͻȻɶˣǵסħʥ𡯣Ҳ뿪ӡ֮أΪλҪΪʲô
⻰Ҿˣʥʵͨ죬ڵĴڣ칬ʲôסʥ׵Ĳ
ħһɵ伥ЦһǿߣҲһ
ڤˣ˵ħʥȷǿϹŵľͷӽٵĴڣϧӡ꣬ͲԶǸʥףҪǣѾǣȥ
ΰףһʵָͻɱƳзӡӪЩ뿪ڤ칬𣿡
ֻ֪ʥףȥ˺δǲ˵Ҳԣ͸ң˺ȥδӣɣ
ʥ׵ѣԭ칬ҪԸˣʥףȰǲҪԣһˣ˺ϹŷӡӪʥ׶ȥ칬Ķ֣ȡѣ
ɲһһ㣬ɵԪѾǹȥļԪ칬Ҳǰͥɽ磡
аħʣǹɣߣ֣ѹ⣬Ҳ칬ֻ뿪б£Լȥʥףλǿߣ
ʱ˿̣ħ̬ȼȫ칬һ£Ҳûһ⣬ڤ̸ȥ
Ҫħ֪Ǭ칬ѹ𾪣ڤǰĵ𣿡
еҶȣɵΪħе꣬ڤһۣ̫е˵һħʥ𣬾ʮħʥҲܺ칬ʮǵǿߣܺ칬
ֻɴۣ
ðɡһٸʱһ룬ѹô֣ǲֶԸǣɵҲ֣ҪŹȥĻԻͣʵɣѹֶٵӣֶɲǺǵģɵһţ
գ˫ִŰ칦ڤ簽ת֮ǰǴһ˿ϣȰ˵
ֶ죿
ħһķռҲ֮һ𣬶ʱЦû٣ɱ٣
ಣ
ڤ˿̴һٶ칬ִߣһһطߣ
ɶ񡭡
ӡ룬ѻȸʱһЩԹ
ɶڤû뵽ʵǿ칬칬ǺεȵĴڣ
ħʱһĮɻΧǱΪײܻ뿪Ħ޴½޸֣ԽԽãҪӿ׽ӭ޵ף
ǣ
Χ顢ħ顢Թ鿪ʼɢȥħһƬɱʧգ
̫ˣԭǬʥףһͬ뿪ӡ֮أͲõǬ
һϢҶ̹ʥµһЩ¯йϵдħڣ޷󷨡ãҪĦ޴½ټ֣ÿȥأԹǿݣΪҽħ£Ϊƽеܡ


1037 Ż
ӪȹŽͬţҪһ㣬Ƕӡ֮գ
δ֪磬óȻж
һħһӵڵǿߡڤҲ룬ôǿߡ
ҶȰԪħ֮УһգȻһƬ˿ռ䣬ʼϸϸô죡
ζ֣ҺòǬʥ־ǿУ
ǿߣҲöԶԣȥֽ֣Ҷȿһغϣ޷סֻСǧƬ̣
ԣͷ޷սʤڣ
ΡͬҪȫ뿪̫ѣӡ磬һӡĺ«磬Ŵ򹷡׽ǾֶΣ
ˣȥأû뵽Ħ޴½֮УɰܵĹؼ
Ҷȴʱңûйɱأʱǰеİ취ᣬħ֮УǲʵģϾ顢ħ顢Թ鶼࣬޷ǰᡣ
ಣ
ҶϢӡ֮رԵȥѰҳڣ
ҵգͻأľɽһȥҾ棬ޱ޼ʵĽڱߣ

һٶӰ˴ɽһ񷣬ٵط˶Ǵֶɫۣһٶˣǳۣ
ߣξѩ
Ȼһ֣ͣΪǰԶ񷣬һɰ˶㣬ξѩʦ㣬յͼ棬ǰĦ޴½ڣһʱ䣬ŻҪܵ
Ѿжʮ꣬ʦãȥôϢһ죬һ֮ٳξѩ˵
ѩתһٶ𳬼ֶۣľ֣
Լ㣬ѩͻصξ֮У˲һɽۣ֮СʦܷѶϢܰѹʦѹ칬ͳˣӪٶͬţ֪жΣգ
Ϲŷӡ֮أû뵽šѩһ䣬ûƽʱǸջģֳǿơ
ξҲͬ࣬ɫϢȷǺţϾڵʱδֹϹŷӡɶ֮¼ʦܵ˼ڡڵ顢Թ顢ħżʣ־ƣų۷壬ڵĴڣ˶ͻڣκڵû⣬ȻΪߵľʦܣϴʦ˫޹Ԫʦо裬ʵѾԿڣ
ʦǻ۽𾦣ʦܵõʦδᣬ˫ĻᣬʦȻڣʵѾﵽͨ״̬ڣֻҪ۷壬ٻеģ
Ϊ԰˵԰ûһ˿ڣ
ʦ㣬֮Уɫˣ˶ԽΪвȴʦãʦܣξʹ߲㣬ҪӪλͬţңʵһأֻڰҳ룡ξȻ˵ȫûΪ˵仰ѩǰһȡ
ѩҲͷʾͬҲչĶǵľ棬ξӦǷֹ£ã
ҲϢһᡭ
ֶӣʱչֵƣȻԶԶų̬һˡ

Ħ޴½
һƬԹħϯɽ֮ϣҶͻʯ֮ϣ۶ɣΧպÿգ

Ȼ䣬һ졢ͬԹһӰԹٶȿ硣
أٶȵͦ죬깦ˣ֪䳰ȻЦݣҶ˲վԹ籩
һӰԹ籩֮߳Թ籩ȻʧֵԹɭɭҶȸո̤Ħ޴½Թأ
أҶǰͿĽ͵ٷ赲ҽӵ֮ϸˣٺ٣
мҪȥãõ޷ĺôã³ܲң
˭֪ҶһڣӭֱӰѻˣ
⡭£أ̹Ҷȵһֲ֮ͨڱҶģֻʵʵӦ
ɶķӡ֮УһħбĦ޴½ոǿߣϣ֮УǴħӦҲһħ壬Ѿӵһڷӡ֮УҲı֮УôҲö˵˰ɣ
Ŷ˺£
Ȼÿڴħ£ɵôԽãȻõӣʱҴҪԶסһ㣬ңû˿Խ⿪ϵĽħΪ̽һܣһж߰ɣ
Ҷ˵꣬أɻδʱͷһأգ۾ʧС
ʮ֮󣬱ڷӡ֮Ļɽڣ
ֻɽķѲ칬ִӰӣʱʱԼһЩԹ顢ħ顢Ǳɽ֮УȥΪħЧǿߣЩ½½˷Ƽ
ûУǽȥбɣħǿߣǿޱȣҪСģ£Ҳ㣬ԼҪҪԼУȥɣ
գҶȴأ߳һԹͬ࣬أĵüͷ㽥չ
ٺ٣ĻǸӡ֮أ֮ǰҾŽȥУȡЩĦ޴½γɵа壬ܵӡЩͲһ֮Уӡ֮ںϣҿȥ磬ҺϢɣأٷȥ
ʱǱڷӡ֮У
ҶҲ˸ѣĿأɽڣ
Χգ½½вǿ߸ɵۼڵǿߣ飡
Ҳ֪ħټôѵҪ칬ִǶ֣
ҶƳոǿߣһʱɻȻĬһ󣬱תգʮȥӦڼ̤Ħ޴½أӡ֮أһʱҲ޷ҵмֵϢȴʦ㣡
˼֮Ҷȼ̷ӡ֮أ⸽Ǵħڶţ칬ڶţ̫Σգ
֮ңһƬ֮УҶʼ״̬ﵽɵ۰˽۷壬Ϊս̡
ৡ
Լ֮һٷԶҶڵĴзȥ
Ҷ˲ɳ֣ڰץסٷȻͳԹշȥԽһħɵ֮󣬺Ȼ䣬һƬӰǰ
Ҷʦܣ
ʱһֶĳۣҶȷ
ӵξѩһҶȣ¶ͬϲɫ˲٣ɹգҶڰ
λʦ㡢ʦ֣ʵڼʱҶȼΪд˵
ʦܣˣڼ䣬ջ񣿹ʦǴΣ˶Ҷʩ񣬶ξѩΧסҶȣξɫʵ
Ҷȿˣӡ֮ش޵ǿߣһΪħһΪ˶ǿߣǵ󷨣ͬɵǧˣȡ¯в˱Ϊʬ
ڣ
ȻҶȿð֣ξѩ˲üͷ
һĵӣָ߲㣬֮󣬶ʱƿԣ֣еĶ鲻Խð麹


1038 ħ
ѴɫУӪѶȣԽϣÿӪͷ
Ϊţûĸ߲ӪȣĪξѩʵ񣿡
ļ֮ʣҶԺҲһʺţ
ξӪȶ飬⵹֣Ϊʦ㣬ֶСʵΣӦò롣
ѩȻͻڣӡ֮أЩ׽⣬Īӵѹǿߵʵ
ز¶
ʣʹҶȥǣָţŲָ߲ǰ֤ŵӣתǬͨ
Ұ
ѩȻһɨ֣
һ仰˲Ϣ䰲ȴξϢ
ϹŷӡȻ޷Ԥ֮£·ٶͬڵǣδ֪Ѷˣ
ʱĿξ˵ˣһѹһƣ˲ͷų˲ɫ׷ʧ
ξҶǰѩҲһͬңϢͷųѹҶ¸оŵΪȻǰϤ״̬ʵȴԶԶֹ
ξʵɻиϢУа취
ӡ֮أڷӡɶ֮ʱһڵʥףʣ´ħ󷨣ȡ¯϶ͼı
ҶȰԼǱϧΣõĴ󲿷ϢˣʵҪԸħȷ̫ѣð취ɵŸ֣Ҳ칬ӡɶΣɽһ칬Ȼ޷⣬칬̫һ£ŽٶˣһλΪڤĸ֣ӦҲڣһ֣ϾˣӦýΪ׵ϾǵĿģǾˣɱӡ֮صаģ
칬
ͬʱһ
ѩӨüһ¶ҶȵĿ⣺ʦܴ˷ʵеӡɶΣһ칬ò֣Ӧ֣֯ӡ󷨣ٴηӡ
¡
ξȻ¶һĨЦݣ𣺡ʦܣΪڴȥ칬ʹߣǲæǾͰͱƣ֪ɽţӡɶغɽ磬칬æϹͥ԰ɣ
ʦ˼ˣϹͥǺ⣬ɽСС顭ʦȥѰ칬ִߣݱ𣡡
ʮλ֣ҶҲʱ̫һϵٷĦ޴½ȥ
ξֿѩʦãȥϵ̫һţ̫ͨһţټⷽɽţҲвٵӣӡ֮أ˶ӪȣҪ˷֧ԮȻǿеţϾòǿ
ãһףѩͷ
ʦ㣬̫һųϹٱϵӡʦһ̫һţϵɣҶȷһץͼٱ֮ǰͨٷ
ʦ£Ȼϸģܵ
ѩһĨ欣ξ棬ҶصЦЦʮ̫һŷλȥ
ѩξƺд㣬תи֣λҸطϢСĦ޴½ﴦΣգҶʦܣ·ӡ֮أ˽
ǣ
˱ȭӦ
ಣ
ξҶȵͷ̱ȼĦ޴½룬Ҷ΢ǰһ㣬ξΣ硣
ħ֮ݺ񷣬ֻмٷеˡ
ʦܣôʱ䣬ѾοôҿĹ˲֮ѩǲţ״֮У׿ԽĵӣϿˣ
ξԦӦ֣ǰξ㿪ڿҶȣĳɳ̫ףʵܣֻʦ֪źģԺҲҪ֪Լڲ֮أʲôˣҺ֮ǰһӦûаѺܶ˵͸ɣ
һҶȷǶƶʦ㣬칬ƺʲôĴǾȻħ̸УͲǱŽµ̬ȶҷӡ֮أЩ˴칬ִһȺϹӣҲȴ޶ԣ
칬νʲôҼ̫࣬ȨԦɽ磬Ҳˣ޷ԦˣֻԶҲҪ˱ϣԼǿӲ
˫̸ʲôݣ
ξüͷ
̸ݣ޷ϾħڤڵĴڣͨҲһָͷֻ֣Ҵһ˽⵽Ħ޴½ӡɶ֮£ƺҲ칬ʲôҶ˵֪أǬһУɲξ֪
ӡɶС¡ξһ
ˣ
ʱһƬƣͳڷӡɽڣʱԹ顢ħ룡
ξҶȷٶȣξ񾪵ЩԹ顢ħڣǵĴڣɽżֻ֣֮࣬ټ
ħڴټ·һ޴ľţսǳǿʦ㣬ߣ
Ҷһξϣ֮ʣ˲ͷӡڣ
ЩϹŷӡǿڵǿߣµģֲÿѹסϹſڵħ
ӡ磬һ󷨷϶磬ǿ׳۵ķӡ󷨣ξҲ̾Ϊֹ
Ҷȴ£ʼԹ顢ħ顢飬·Ŵħٻзӡ֮ڵǿߣۼ
Լ칦Ҷڴξӽ򣬼һ󷨣
ʦܣλͬţ
һ˲䣬ξ񲻵òͣס޷еģֻܸ󷨣ΪһֶӣļЩӣʲôʶľһӡ׳Լ
ҶסξȰ˵ʦ㣬ܴ󷨣ôħ֣ǵߣЩͬţܾ޷ӹǿħ֣
ξ΢侲ǻǷǳߡɱڣ
ʦ㣬ڴغλͬţѰ㣬ʦȥ֮УܲҵһЩ˿Ҷ
ȥɣҪСģ˵ĲǸħȷǷǳֲĴڣӡ֮أռʱ˺ͣξʿɣֶ
Ҷȵͷξ𣬶һ˷գ
ԼԽʮ󷨣ʱ䣡
һ֮УҶȸոմѷ֣һŴ۱׵أСĵطɵҶǰٺ٣Ѿһͳ˧ڴħΧֻмط޷룬طݺᣡ
ϹӶóأǵôҶɫһ䣬ʵħô
ҶżأҲоѹͨ⼸ӴӸڴħߵļλҪ̸е֪ԭôΪ˹ӡ֮ˣʥµһΪħħ
ħħ
ԭեΪʬǹһһħеħ
һҪѣǻָȻҪԣΪħȻҪ˵
ȻҶ𾪣ϸһ룬ҲԽܣħаģħҪ˹ײеķʽָҲΪ档


1039 
Щˣӡ֮أȡϹűϧû뵽ħʩչͨͳͳѹ
أмЦһȻ֪ҶҲԱֶĵӣ϶ҵҶ棬˵ⷬ
ҶȻ̬ûбֳκ쳣飬أȻΪãַ޳аħ˭֪᲻ͷˮʵںδ
ħӡ磬ڿƷħĿǰݣ޷ܿռ䣡
ǺãȥΪҴ̽Ϣ
Ҷأ֣أڨڨȥ磡
ħȻǬʥ뿪ӡ֮أǬ⣬޴Ӳ֤һħǿ߰ɣ
֮ҶҲ뿪ڿռ䣬һƬϵĽռ䣬ʱӦԹ顢ħ顢ĴڣҶǳΪɵۼѳΪ̶֥
ֽһ磬ҶȱͣҷǴħڵķλأ˵ķħ֮ҶüͷɫҲ
֮ǿڸ֣Ҳ칬ִҲòӪȶ֮УǿоˣҲδɣŪħЩ¯ֱӴӷħ֣ƻӣʦˣҲ˵ԴӷħҳǬΪӡ֮صԭ򣡡
칬Ǭ޼ͷ֮磬ͷ֮⵽ƻ칬ȻŹǬ׵Ϊ칬׷Բװ¶ټ칬ĴڣȻΣգĦ޴½ƻӡһòɣ
ϸ˼һһݣҶȾշȥҪʶһħħҪѰҸмֵܡ
𡭡
Լ㹦һӰȻħ죬Ӵ֮ϣϸħ֮н
Ҷȥķħ쾹Ȼڲͣշӡ֮صħӡ֮أҵҪǿ㣬ֱҵ磬ǿУõĻᣬ
겻ɢħʩչͨԦħȥ
ӡ֮ؽ磬Ҫ࣬ӳ㣬ӡԪﵽŵĵز
ҶһߴһѹϹűԪǵͨʯҲΪƷʯԼӵʶı

һ󹦷򣬵ҶһϷӡ֮Уӡرǿħ֮һħΪҶȳ֣Ȼӿ仯ʱһЩ΢΢ҡڵ

Ϊ֮䣬ϹǿƣҶ֮󣬾û˶
ƽƣֲֿ̱෴ǰ
ҶȺ֣ղǸOO@@Ľ֮󷨺йŹ֣һһۣ֮У󷨣Ƿħڵĵط
ŲϽ룬Ҷȷ󷨺ܾ޴󣬱ͨ󷨴Ķ࣬󷨽ĳ̶ȣҲҪԽŷǿдơ
ѡ
ħʵڸӣȻһСģżƺߵʲôʣⲻҶٴαýģ´ʲôƣڣϸϸһԭһ鲼ħʯ
Ϲŷӡġѵռ䣬ӡħĵط
һƳ⣬ħʯһҪʯɢõǣһ޴壬ǿɢڴˡ
ֻһ飬ħģ
󷨲ħ
Ҷ˸ۣ˼ϸ壬⼸ʯƽħģȻﾹȻǴ󷨲ħķӡ֮أҲ֮ء
ħͷʥסħķӡ֮أãȡϢ
ⴳ󷨣û뵽֮أ
ҶȺٺЦЦȻӳ˵أ˵ѱҶȱӿٶȷһξ룬ȻҶϣһ鲻ķӡ̨֮ǰЩʯǴӡ̨Ѷɡ
Ī֮ǰʱĽ֮
ʱüӡ̨֮ϣְ˸ϵķӡÿһ·һֶȥһֵȻԪӡ֮ȻһЩȻ
ӡ̨Ϲ֣öɣѴ󷨲ħշӡԪ

Ժ֮У鲻Խֳ꣬ڶϻ£ֳֽĽնͷ­̹ĵһţ˲ͱ칬֣һøɸɾ
Ƿӡ칬Уڷӡ㽣ͨܣҲ޷ͷ­
עˣǱģ
칬εȵϼ޻һξѪĻ᣿
ʱ칬ҲҶȥ·
ʱ˿̣ͨһģҶȲſóǰ󷨲ħϹžڵĴڣǿߣȻӡ̨֮ϡ
ô³ˣ
ԲȱбϣˣջӲ˵
ҲҶУһֱţĿԣʱ֪ԶҲûлᣬվ񷣡
ٿٿٿ
˸ȥķӡǰʩչ򣬰һϵͳͳ룬ʱҶԺϳһϹŵİߣһ쳣ߴĺڷħߣϵͷһδѹ
ϵӵϢзӡ֮һںϡԸ˰գ
Լ칦ҶȲŰѷӡϵøɸɾ˲Ժӿ취ȻӡѰһ󣬱ǰУһƬħŨҵĿռ䡣
Ƭռ䣬û󷨣·޵ģ
Х
Ҷһξ룬ΧħȻӿһѷ֮Уռѷ죬쾡ͷ·һͨ
ѷ죬ʱʱŻӿ֣ÿһӿ֣մħտռħѷ룡
ϢÿֲϢһɰԵϢص󷨣ħڵĵط
󷨣ڵ֮У
֮صķӡռ䣬ȡھ𵽴ãҶ̸ıϢΧħϢ¾ڣҲ޷˿ͬ
֮ҶȻԪ
ʱҶһƶħϢдϢȻѷЩѷҲʮֲֿնɱڡһڣ
󣡣
Ȼ֮䣬һħƵĴڳҶǰ·ǶڿռΧȻҶȸӦĵֲϢյµˣΪﵽ۷Ĵڡ
Ļ
Ҷ룬ðһ뷨Ϸֵһѷ죬ҶȹϵطУѷ˲˽ȥ
꣡
ʱҶȷ·оѹ飬һԹǿ
ಣ
գ֮䣬ҶȸоѹʧһħڵĿռ䣡
ǡ
ɫ֣ŷֱһ㣬ΪҶǰȻѪùã֪࣬Ǻεȵ࣬Ĺǽڣ¶ĹУ
һϢģʮְȻ
ʣصĿռ䣬ֻһ壬Ǿǡ


1040 ޼

ǰ֫ȫѪǽڡʮɾ޴Ѫǹ·κһУͿ˺Ҷȵǿ
˼漣
ɽǺ嫵ģҶȴʱǳ϶ʵ
̫ǿˡ
˾㤲˼ĴڣҶȲӦƣؽǲһġ
ؽ磬Ҷʱ̫Сֻǿжôֲƻ˿̣ǿߣҶȵĸоǾƿأƿκռ䡣
Ǻ۵Ľޣ
СġСġ
ֻвǧ׾룬̶̾룬ǲԦռ䡢ԦΧ¶һ㲨ͷϢͻᱻ˲Ӧһ˲䣬ܾҪ
ǣ
ؿռ䣬Ϊ˸ԼҶȲδҶϸϸغոƬռ
ȻƯħһκ֮¶һɫħɭɭĺںɫ
ֻ㣬γֱ״ԶԶȥÿһ㶼һţ޷ħƣ
ԣ
Ϣ˹ħ֮⣬֮УҶ֮󣬾͸Ӧһ˿˿ԣ
ħ
ʣߵķǷħһʥʹù
ಡ
Ϊѷħø͸ҶȲòԪ󷨵𽥿һŨħ֮С
˿̣Χֵѷ죬ɶħ׷ױħգֳķʽҶֱʩչ̫ո࣡
ѷ֣һ𶯣ҶȿԸüԦϵشӸ߿ս룡
ħħʮ֮ߣ˵ܻûӾ޴̬һϹħԶ컯ͬȥģ
ħǧ׵ڣħ֮У·Ҷȵһ۾ͱħֻħʯķ̳֮ϣ¥֮࣬С
һۼΪһͨ¥
һ̾ڷħǰΧħͨͷŹϵؽħ֮УҲʱһЩ
أЩԽǧ˵Ļ
Ƴͨ·һˡͬţ֮ţĪħôΪľУǹϹŷħ
޷ܷħϢÿһ֡
ħ֮Уʩչ򣬿ΧշħϢϧ̫ԶΪмֵܣҶȲòðһ֡
½ʮף
Ҷ֮ͫУȻ·һħΧϢҶϣ¶һЦݣԭħʧ߰˰ˣڼԪӡ֮⣬ʥ뿪֮ʣħһ󷨡֮ħڻָ
ܵħϢ֮Ҷö˽⣬ѵóϢħǲϧʧ̫Ҳֻһͨѣһ䵽ҶϣָԣǽԽƽ飬˫¹꽣Ҫ֡
ȷһɵ磬ʮ
ǷħɽۻħڹӵõĻɵ磬ݺ޵֣
νһ֣ݺ£
š
ҶԶħʱ뿪ʱһǿħѷ촦ͻأԽ
̫ǿҶֻѡԭֹͣеϢȻشš
ħ
ôʱħˣһҶ֮ǰģڤ֣صǿߣħ
ħƺ֮еǽ֨֨ضвλãһϰ壬ӵлѪ⣬ħɭɭضŴħЦħʵħаںϣ
˲俪ڣëѪҰˣ˻ƣʥ״ˣԪ֮ǰ޵зֽ棬Ĵ󲿷ԣô¹ȥֱӡ֮ʴ󲿷ǰã󷨣ҪԴһգǧĹ̫΢ҪںϣҲҪ֮ã
һħ˲ɫںҲգҿɵȲ꣬ʱ߶ħƿϹŲķӡ
ѵħֵ˼״˲Ӫң
ȣҲܣҲܣ֮ǰ칬Ӵ칬ǲˣȥҿܻٴαӡ״ˣҲɵɣǵΪԼ㣡
Ǵ˽ҹġ޼ꡯ
ȻӳȥҪȸ״ˣϾҵʵ۷廹һأȥͶλǿߣл·ɵ磬Ѳ˽Ϲɽ磡
Ȼħ־һУֵܾΪ𣬼ħҪǣһҪ޼ȥˣ
ǵȻ
ħϿɳȻҪע⣬ҵ칬ΪѰ״˵䣬᲻ֶΣҵ޼꣬ʱҾ鷳ˣǱ칬õ޼꣬ҿֻ·һ
һȵߣȻ칬ģǾһɱһִ߶ħڣҲԶԿߣϹŷӡ֮أҵıԴռʱ˺ͣ¶Ը˼飿
Ҿ֪Ҳֵܣһˣʥ״ˣӡԪ˵ֻ޿õӶѣ
ħˣǺ
ʸ֪ˣֵܣ
ಡ
˶ԻȻֹħſֲƣΪһħӰѷϯȥ
ǽ֮УƺԴոѪǣʼͷһѪ
ȻǬ޼꣡
ڸ߿յҶȣħԻһֲ©
ڣʱŪһȥ
Ħ޴½ӡɶȻǬһɣǱӡ֮أŷΪν޼꣬ȻͬΪԪڵʥף·һ޼ħ֮Уħ
޼ꡭɵ۴ͻȻɱʱʵδﵽڣû뵽ʱһֱѰ޼ʯָԴӵƿϹŷӡʵǬո޼ʯ
ǡҪָڵ״ָ̬ԪӵеĿµʱֻǿߣƥУ
ʱҶļ䣬һ
ǬĴУ޷ĴУ
ڳͷ֮磬ζɱ֣ƭҶȿǴβҲҪǬѹ
һҵ޼ʯ޼꣬ʱɵ磬ѹˣҲֻеѹ칬ľǿߣ
޼꣬ұõҪƻǬװ׵õָ֣ٷԸң
ݺ¾
Ҫħ޼꣬ƻԴǯǬָʵٶȣ򣬵ʱֶ죬Ҳ޷Ҷȣ
ֶΣ


1041 Ӫ
ֶҶ˵Ҳڸżǧ꣬δҶȸеһ˿޸УҶҲö롣
ֱΪ״ӣֶۿ߰˰˵ܣȴûκ̰뷨Գ֮ݣΪѰҽ۵Դ
ʴˣΪԼǬֶ춯ҡôҶԶҲ޷ԭԼͬʱֻڤڤ֮УħĴڡ
ػŷħ޼УҪƤƻ޼꣬ɵԾĹȻ̫գƻ޼꣬ħųȥ׸ǬǶҶֶ죬Ǿ޴в
ҶٴӷħһڵľǿߣСڰ칬
Σһһˣ
Ҫøɸɾ
øǬ϶һֱѰ޼ʯԴҷҪƻĺ£
ƺ뵽ʲô÷ӣҶȴЦԦħ뿪λãΪ֣ѡѷʱʩչͨѷ˲ߡ
꣡
Ȼѷ죬֮ǰʱ࣬ܵѹƺҪѹ
ٿ
˲ϢѣҶȱѷ֣һԾŹħ֮޿ռ䣬оʱ˳
ħѹ޷ڳûΣоԭ˵ϯȫ
ҪԸ޼꣬ҪħԼ칬ǿ߽֡һ֣ӰӪţ߱ƽһ£Ҵʦ㣡
Ҷüϸϸ˼һ˼֮󣬸ожǲ۵ͬţȽ⣬ʵļƻ

һ֮ҶȱԦӡ֮Χȥͬʱһٷ֪ͨξգ۾ʧƬգ
Լ칦һҪȫ󷨽УǰһɫٻӰ棬֮УոסΣ󷽾ͷһӰ
ʦܣӰξϲһ
Ҷ˲أ˳ξǰƷ糾ͣʦʦ㣬ɴϢ
ξƳҶһϢƽô̶̫һƬɽ粻ţжʮǿߣʦʦ칬Ӵ֮ǳ˱ŸɺóϹͥҲӦɵЩҵԤ֮Уӡ֮أȻޱȣ޷͸
⼸꣬ջ񣡡Ҷ̺ŸĪ⣬ξ˵
Ŷ
ξ񿴵óҶһջ񣬷򲻻һصģæʵ˵˵
Ҷ̵ǰ֮䣬ҵ֪ħôԭΪ˹һħϧħҪָܻһֻҪǶ֣ôһţǲƴֻҪʵ棬ȻǶһֻҪܵһʱ䣬Ӫȳˣ޷УˣǾͿϹŷӡ뿪Σ֮أ
ĪǹҲ뿪ӡ֮أ
ʦ棬ȷˣ֮ǰʥѳɹߣʣ´ħĲ£Ҳ뿪ӡ֮أǼʥǵϣǲΪǣĹǲɵӣһ֪칬ɽ磬ηӡɶܣ
ԭôҲΪҪӡ֮ءʦܣȥҼ棬칬ɵǿϸϸһ
ξ񵱻ϣҶ˵Լľߡ
ʦ㣬һעħĶΪãҪǲԣͻȻ֣ͬһУͶ׷ˡҶȴʱȴԸΣ֮ء
ҪСģû뵽Ϊͬţ˾ľΣգһһһʦ𣬱غԼҪʱǿ뱣ģӦףأ
ξһ˵˼ζĻȻһζ֮󣬾͹תӡڣ
ñģ
֮Уħƣɵƣ޷Ŀռ䣬Ҷȴ̬ξȥķ򣬰һ̾øʦ㣬ѵһˣԱȵϹŽʦֵٶͬţ
ξǷҶ˵̫ף
ǵҶȣȲѡΣ֮£ҶȿԱȫԼֶֻٶţҶξˡ
Ȼǲѵ֮£ѡ
Ȼֻһ仰ҶȾͷξ񲻻ЦʱҶȷִδʶξ
Ůˣ̫̣̫࣬뵽Ǿ仰ҴڰҶҲ޷е˼
ԽʦߵԽԽоźܶܡ
ҶȺȻ¼ͷޣһӴӳ˯֮УһСβͣ·һ˾
ಣಣ
Ҷֱ߿շȥȻҲһ󷨣Ҹ߿վ޴󷨵ѹԹ顢顢ħ鶼޷УϹŷӡϿյķӡӡ֮޴󷨡
Ҷ˵ӡѹ˲Ϳգһӡ֮ϣƺӡڣɽһƽȸ߶ȣ
վӡ֮صߴӡ鵹ǲ࣬·һ赲ħҲ޷ǵıԴǯƣӡ޷飬Զӡġ
ޣοɱˡ
ҶȻԴԹ籩Ưţ·Ϲŷӡ磬֮УϹŷӡ֮ء
أ
޵Сβͣ˷ֱܼԴҶȵĲӴزȥ
ɵõҵϿɣʳ
ԼĺһҶȱޣڻǻһȻһѷϿգ
ಣ
˲俪ʼ˫ֲһӡֻӡΧԹзӡ֮ڵͳͳѷ촦ӿذСβͣ·˵Ҵܵӿѷ촦
޵ӰҶʩչ󷨣ӡѷںϣϡԿƯУΰš
뵱޳ʱŪóͷ֮һССķӡ磬Ҳ޷ӹ޵ʳޣԸǯ֣칬
ͣһᣬҶȼķںϷӡѷ죬ȻΧѷ죬Ҳв󷨣
һæʮȥ
ʦܣӪȼƻѾж칬뱾ǣͷӡ֮أѾڳ;У·
ҶȴʱһˣصӡԭҪһأȴȻƿץһٷ̴ξ
ϾҪħ潻桭
ȻˮɽХӪȼƻѿʼһǿ֮սҪĻ
Ҷǧ˵󷨷λȥʮηУҶȱѸֶܵϢɹһ󷨿ռ䣬ʱҶȾ͸Ӧٶ𳬼ۣϿѷ촦ٶ
ȻٶϢǼΪصģһӵзӡ֮ĴϢ
ЩУҶȸܵ칬ִߵʥϢ̫һŹٱꡢϵϢԼɸһֵϢ

΢΢һ𣬷·һпֻٶ𳬼ۣϿѷ֮УպҶϷ
ʦܣ
ٶ֣˲ҶȣҶһֶɫۣԲû־رĿ⡣


1042 
˲Ϣٶ𳬼۾ͽڰգ
š
·ǽһ˵󷨣һЩԲͬڵĸ֣µӣ׷̲סҪȥӪȡ
ȴ칬£
칬߳һ꣬簽һɨΧɵŴߵһЦȻ֮ǰãλǺúԼһ£һħħͷӪȿҪˣ
Ǿڤǰִ֣
ξɵǿߣ칬֮Уǿڤʩѩվߡ
˾ȻԶˣɼֶӰ
ɱֲþ룬λѣҪŽģʼɣ
ɼʮλ칬ִ߱ڤϢޣһ칬ۣ·ƬףתһƳˣ֮һǿߣҲһ⣬ɵľ
ʵģ
ಣ
ٶֿʼƶλãֶһٶˣռ壬ξѩһӪֳ飬̫һšɸʮλ֣Ϊһ飬ʮλ칬Ϊһ顣
Ӫ˲Σ
ʦ㣬칬ôˬʹӦ
ξĽʮֶӪУҶֶΨһһɵۣ඼ڡڸ֣ԵرС˵칬ֶ첻ٸ֣ҲҶȵԴ
ʱҶվξ˵ȴ칬֣ٷ
ξƱ䣬ѩΪĿĴڣξҶȴǴӦҲˬ죬칬Ȼħ̸йһĿģʦܣӪͬΪˣȫ칬ʩչþͨ󷨴иԳ䲻ֶΣƿ󷨣ǵһʱ䣬ɱаħӪͬţһ֣뿪ĪҪս
ǣ
Ӫȼƻ̶ãҶȶʱȻȴ칬ٷʱһУΪӪȶеһԱݣһλɵۣһλߣӡ֮أҲǵһ
ٿ
һɵ֮ȻӪǰ
ж
Ӫ׷Ȼ칬һͷһʥ޵Ϸ
ֻÿһ칬ִ߳۶죬ʩչͬӡϷ˸оһԪ֮칬ִգ

칬̫һšɸĴӪÿ˶ʩչַͬͬӡŷӡӿϿգ
治ˡ
˶ԵСڣҶҲ«ưͬӡͷһɹɹϴУȴ칬þͨһ⣬칬Ԫ֮Уֲʲô
̾͸оϷһٶ𳬼۵ҪɱһУҶΪ֮һ治칬ƿ˺
񷣡
һ칬ִ߻ɳ˫۸չγɰԲΣ˫֮У·ƿһ޵
һ֣ڤ
ƯڽϿգÿһ󷨣ʮλˣȻûиӦϿգӪȶĴڡ
þ֮У
ǰ󲻹ʮڤͻȻһݣƺȻ˫ѹһ칬״γޱߵĿռƿ֮ޱߵƣ·µһѹ
иޱߣ
ʮλ칬ִͬʱͷӡ
ݡݣ
ǿߵʥ֮⣬̻ΪΪʥ⣬ͬˮڽ֮ϡ
ꡫ꣡
̼䣬ͼ֮ϣֳһ޴ӡ󣬰·СպʥиռһʥԾƣѴ˲иһεѹ
·иӵޱߵ־
ˣ
Ŵƿξѩ̫һŵȴͬʱһ̷ֳСӣֱԾһ󷨣

Ȼ֮䣬ӡ˲䣬ħԹƶ¶ѹѹаǧ֮࣡

󷨣˲䱻һƿ칬ִͷųһʥӡľ˿ʼȻһһƣ
˯һԪʣûŪףͱһһһʼʶ
ʦ֣Ŵ뿪
Ȼƿʮ˷ɳַһλˣͬΪ״ӵĹŽ档
ŽһãȻֱʥ֮ٶŻָʶһ𣬾֪ʲô£̽ӹһƿץҩָΧƣͬţˡ
ʹűˣǱɼλְصͨڣ
ɶ񡭡ɱ
ǣħɱɱɱ
ǧӡڽٶ
ȳΧ˹ֻһӪ֮УӪȻڳ֮һδָʶ
򱻷ӡΧסŽ˸ҪӳȥҲħ顢顢ԹΧһʱվ
ʱ˿̣γһ󣬿ʼΧӡ֣ɱ֮գӸӣ
ȻΧ˶δţʹʮǿ߸赲ӡǿʼ֯ˣ׼ͻΧ칬ִҲʼ֣赲һ
˲䣬ÿ˶Σվ֮У
γɵذΧȦϵѹӿķӡСϾ˫ʵ̫޴
ƣ
ӡڷʮλ칬ִγʥ赲һ½طӡ·аǿߣٵԹ顢ħ顢ڴһΧ
̫һŵϸ֣һЩֶ֣ͬʱ֣һͨԷ
λΧЩаǿߣǸڵ룡
Ȼһ꣬ϸ룬ǰٷӡǿߣˣԼŽȽǧǱˡ
ѣ
ǿߣһϳˣţֶľŵӣ
ɱ
ԴħĲ£ոջһһɱӵڵʵСֻڳ۵ĸ߶ȡ
ȴǰ
ಣ
һȻбһɨײеٸ֣Ȼ治ɫҪ֪ľ磬󷽲ٸֶҪһء
ȴһץһֳ
һһɶ೤񽣣
ٿ
񽣵𣬺Ȼǰһ԰ǰٸ֣ɨӶұۣ񽣶ʱնա
ʱһԼסһɺʵԽ˲˼شӰպնΧռ󷨶顣
¡
һԽ𺳺и֣ͬҲɱķӡǿߡ
ٸֶԼҲûԽٶȿ죬ȻŤǰʮϡ
¡
Խ޷ƥеľնʮ顢ħ顢Թ˲ɣ֫飬һƬˮһڰգͬʱԽڱúһϵڰյˡ
⣡
̫˰ڣȻʵȫԽ۷壡
һһһǿС
ʱǿһ׷̾Ϣ
ǹŽոǧˣҲ·Σ֮Уھչֵĳǿʵ飡
δǿ̫ף̫ˣ


1043 ѩǿ
ɽ糬һţʵ
չֵһʵ˾Ϊˣ׷о
Сֶǰʲô
ٿ
ͻȻֻӶգ񽣷ղգתؿ𺳣ľͷ޶Եˣֶͬţ״ӹŽ棬ٶ˽Ӧλһ뿪ӡ֮أϿȥӪϢ
ߣ
ҲͣƬ̣űһɱ˽֮һķӡٴ۳໥֣ӡѷȥ
֪ǵĹͷӲҵӲ
һˣƽ뿪ϣֳЦݡ
ȻתԼаǿߣץס񽣽һӣ񽣱ǰȻضŽһ
ˡ
񽣷ǵĽ֮
һ񽣣һΪֶľţֶ۵г裬ӵеȻֶ졢ɽ֮УΪڡʵ
񽣱͸Ž⣬һؽƣڽ֮ϣһɶ೤κˡ
ɱɶ࣡
Ѫ
һԹ顢ħ顢飬·γôֻмһ֣ӵвѪ⣬ҲΪǿģ
ǲûΪǿ󣬶ֹշӡ֮ǵıԴγɸӰ硢ݺһյĿֲơ
һȺϣ
һƳԱߣȻӡѷˣȻٴɱǿߣֱһλӶȻǼ򵥵һὣ
ݡ
ͬһԼסԼɸߵԽӶ񽣣Ӱӿݵɨգ
ꡢ
һ춯ءӴĽ̬̫ͨˣϻһȻ˼飬һԹ顢ħ顢ϣʱնù顣
ĹƬѪ⣬ڽ֮зɵõǣʮаǿߣһԽ£Ϊ˹
еģʣΪ촷ۣ
ԱЩͽˣ뿪ɵǿߣܵԳһŵĵӣ̫˼飬ƫƧɽ磬Խһһɣ۾һΪ
ֶ죬ֻһŵӶѣ
ֶ졭
һգָ칬ִ赲һа鹥簽𣬷·ǿһս⣡
û뵽ȾŵĴڡ
һһߣ˶İôһ𻤷ʱһ˲ÿˡ
Ŷ
ҲһĨ࣡
֨֨
һѪĹǽڣ·ѪħᣬѪ⣬֫ʮӴ󣬼нʮɾ޴һǽڣޱȣһͨǰսϰ֣ѪĹǽڡ
ӡ֮֮һ

һսǧа飬ʱߺ
̫ǿˡ
ڳĸˣƣһں
ꡭ
žણ
ͻȻٶ˻޵ͻȻͰڶһɳĹǽڣ·Ĵ֣򼡣
ѪǽڳذڹգϹŷӡ飡

üӽкŽǰһ̤񽣺գպϮѪǽڰһ
ʱѪǽһ𣬶񽣵һħϮ·ûƵģһ
ʵȻȻڣܶԿڡھڣ޷սʤģ
Ϊ⣬ڨڨһЦ
ã
ɵһ˶Ϊ󣬾Ȼ濹һУֱǵ˴档
ֻžһʱѹס񽣵ѪǽڣȻһڶڶ֮ٿȻǰ˹ǽڡ
ǽڶʱܰڶ֮֮ϣ
¡
񽣣ڶĹǽɶ
̫ǿ󡭡û뵽Ȼصôʵǿ󣬹ֲֶ죬һֱϴ۵г裬ʵʸΪ۵г裡
ֶӣΪġ
УҶΪţһֱֲԺֻʶξʵܸоţǿ̫չֵʵѾɽһܵʵ
ξѩţȻֶ£չֳǵĹԣ
ߣ
̫ǿˣڵߵˣ·һȻһλߵͷһ˲żѷ֮
ӣǱ֣
ͻȻӶǸѪǽڣƺҪˣɨȥ
Σһ̣һۡǶױߵٻӰͷųһѩ׺ոɨѪǽڣڰһײ
䣡
Ѫǽѩ׺໥ײΧնΪ֮һ
ٻӰֳȻѩ
ɣ
ҪˣһʱѩͻȻԿ赲ֲĹǽڹ
˾
ȥһһѩ˵ֶӣϸ֣칬ִҲ
һŮӣڴʱ˵ҫ۶Ŀ
һšǸŮӣ
ûнŹ£¶аĿѩһòŮˣ޵֮ԳΪŮˣ
Ůˣ
ѩһе㲻ţ
ˣ仰ɶðһ仰ʻţˣֱ˱ˣ
ѩȻҲ˿棬ȴЩ͸ܼ΢΢Цһ䣺ģĸῴһ۰ɣǸ⣡
ٺ٣ϲվնˣ
ûΪѩŭʮ˷ܣȻǸǽڣ֨֨
򣡣
ѩüһ壬Źǽڰڶƺ뵽αߣ̼䣬ָһ㣬ڹǽΧӿѩ׺ѹǽǰ˸ˡ
û뵽ŮˣļƣʵҲ˿£Ȼôǿ̫⣬ʵǿ
һˣðһѩ
ֶٶţţ֮£ѩվչֳʵҶȹĿ࿴
ʱףΪδʦξΪԽߣԽҪ֪̣
ѩϴ˵
ֶӡţ鴫
칬һȻǸ簽Ŀѩ·ҲˡϢ
ץߣ
ѩɲԼʵģǣ˻
꣡
ٿȻʩչѩ׺ǰѪɫǽڣȻʼ𶯣
䣡
գ֮䣬ͳըƣѩҲηɳԶǿֹסΡ
ֻƶѣѩһʼ飬Һʱ飬ɼ಻һǰ㣬ȻԿ⣬Ե̫⡣


1044 ս
ֻ֮һӳȥ
ս֮УְΧȦڲҶȣΧƣֿѩͣڴѹڰգƣˡ
Ϊ֣̤ƬռٶȣŻ̫࣡
ʦ㡭
ȥ̫ö̫
Ҷȼ̿ʦξڴֶڸ߲ǿߣγɱȦʩչһ󷨹ֵаǿߣʱչֵԼ۷壬Χ֮УҲǳ͵ġ
Ƿâѩôҫۣ
ͳ˧֯ס׷ɱа
ֻܳ䵱ܱͣҵʦ˵Ķԡ
ҶڱȦ룬뼸λڳۣ͸ո˶ĩˣֻһЩܼ£·ΧһУ˵޹ؽҪ
ӣ㲻ǱĶ֣㶷ȥû˼ʹ˱Σ
ѩ׼֣Ȼߣƺ˲⣬ֻעѩ
Σ
һѩ׺ѩΧ̼Ԧǿƣȥ
ŮһˣȻڵħߣ
ֻʵѹˣ
ֶЦǰǸǽڣذڶգɵߣľս
գ
֪ǿ󣬲
ѩ֪һ㣬ǹǽڰڶ֮ʣ˫ּһӡһֱһɾ޴ѩ׺ǹǽٿȻȥ
䣡
ǣ
ѩ׺һ籩趯Ѫǽڣ֮һѩ׵ĺȻְѹǽڱڰգ޷һ֣
֨֨
ǽжΣʼٿȻڶֻڶ֮ȻˮһϸƣΧռ𶯡
¡
ֻһգʱ䲻ڶ֮ǽڰգǱ˲Ͳаڶ֮ʱ飬ΪӨƬɢա
ᣡ
ѩͻȻ֣ͷһѩ׺
ʱͼĺӦѩٻڵ֮ʱ˲俪ʼʱͷųѩ׺ٴβסٶȻĹǽڣγɱ֮ơ
ٿ
ƺѾѩʲôǽ΢΢һڣͰƬ̵ĺϡﻩͳͳ飡
֨֨֨֨
ţ·ҲʼˣǽͻȻӿٶȣͬռУǷУֱѩѹ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǱǽںݺݵһײɣ
ʦãСģ
ڴΣ֮ʱһӣɱ
ѩĬزһһԽ˹ѹѪǽڣѸ͵һײ
䣡
ΣԽȻǽڣγɲ£һǿұըԽʧֻѩߡ
ŵӣȼս
ѩ΢΢ףʵʦ֣ʵڼʱղû°ɣ
񽣣ҡҡͷû£ֻû뵽ͣ飬һЩʱ䣬
ûᣬץᣬӣ
ֶţǰⲻҫΪˣܰȫߣǯǿС
ֻᣬǧѷ꣬ѩðž޴Σգò׻ģ
һǿһʣһˣӿٶߣ
֨֨
˿̴˿̣ѩǿߣӵгԽڵʵǰȻ֮ǰǸ̬
ǳһǽڣʮѪǽڣ׷׶߸ߵƯգʱƯڿе֩롣
һѪǽڣͣڶĹǽĥһħͷڱеħ
ݡ
ȫѩᣬɳѪǽڣǽڴ󵶣ƿռ䣬ֱϮ
Сģ
ʱֶ쵳֮Լǰӣѩһ˸

֣Сĺӣ޴ǰӶ񽣣һԽһʱ£
룡
ѾԽڣѩҲǶͷð亹ȻһץгһƴСѩװ߳С
Уͷųԡ
ʣҲһص
ݡݣ
׹⣬֮ѩѪǽڣӭ̷ȥ

׹ǽײһɫĪԼָͨ廨һ룬Ưţ
ѩ˫ֿʼ仯ƣ룬ԲͬٶȲסǽڣһʱ䶷ҲƾУ
òˣģѩȫסһߣΪ˶ȡʱ䡣

ʣµˣһطѷ죬ںҪսξֶ֣칬סǧΪߣûᡣ
սƲڼӡԴԴϣ
칬Ǹڤ˸֣Ȼ֡ĪڵŴħҲӦðʦˣɨβֽһѹ
Ҷ𽥻Ͷ˵ˣѩսڰΧƣ칬߲ѡ
칬ȫǶżӣΪһİӪˣѾҪӪȳȥ
ƫƫﶼףȴֲ˵
칬ȻûоϾĹǣǲ˵Ӫȣˣ¶۶ˡ
ֻŭУѡĬ
֨֨
¡
һȻҶȵˣòһĿֲըơ
ԭȻִ߶ѪǽڣֱֳԸѩ
¿ɺãֻһ棬𿪣ѩɫɷףϢһڼ
ûȥ
֨֨
ͬʱ߶ĸѪǽڣǹǽڷ·ƵģΪһ飬໥棬γɻû޷Ĺ·ߣѩֲعƣ˲֮ǰҪǿһ֮ࡣ
ڨڨЦ
룬˫
ѩżɵëͷѩ׺˫ּٽӡٿȻγһ󷨣仯Ĺǽڣӭ
񡫣
һǽƺץסᣬݺݵ룬һң춯أֻѩף˫ֲϵزҲƯΧ
գ
֮ʣչֳԽѩ
˫Ӷ񽣣һԽԽٿȻƿգĸǽ֮ǰ
žžž
䣡
ɵ񽣴Ϊ֪ڣ޷ںһӲܶԿڣֱӻӶĸѪǽڣԴ֮ϡ
ÿһιռ䶼ڲð麹ʮۺʩչ񽣲ϵͷһԽ뽣֮С
춼Խɵļ򵥽һʱһʱйȻһ˼һ񽣣սƾС
ʦãס˶ãߡ
Ȼѩȥһء
ã
ѩ̷֪֣ҷǷӡѷ죬ͷһһӣһʮˣֻʮˣͳΣտռ䡣
ˣ
ֻʣһˣȥʮܰӪȳȥ
Ҷȿķ֪ӪжѾӽɹ
ħ칬˺Щ˰װߣ
ͻȻշӡ֮Уħɭɭشһ


1045 칬
ħ
գƱ׶
ʱ֮䣬еˣŷΪħ֣Ҫߵˣ˫Ȳڲ
һ칬ִߣҲһ
¿ɺãħⳡսƱػƼתֱ£ڤ˲֣סħ˶Σ֮У
ʣһٶˣδӳȥҶҲȥߣֻܿ칬Ķ
ߣ
ѩͨŲһˣ˿̲ʲôħһʩչͨʮˣǷӡ鴦Ǭһ
ৣ
ʮ˲Ϣ֮䣬Դ֮٣ڣ
֨֨
ͻأ֮ʣĶǽĦ֮ѩʩչͨŲ֮ʣϿշӡ
ͣ
ۿʮ˾Ҫڣ벻ɾ룬ϧһѪǽӰֱӴƿռ䣬Ǻһ
ֻʱѪǽڷʮڵŲ֮ͨУһˣնأԪҲûУ̼ͱѪͷŵħৼ£÷׷Ԫ
ۡ
Ųͨƽ⣬ʮ˲ɱѩҲǰǰ㣬͵һǺһѪ
ͨ˲Ծ飬ΪʩչߵѩԶܵش
ٿ
ѩˣһͻأ½鴦Ĺǽڣƾ£

ʥԣڹǽ֮ϣѹǽôʧǰ¶ֲ
ʦ֡ģֻ΢΢ѣ
ѩԽʱΪƽѴֶл糺죬ѩ֮˪һˡ
һܲˡ
γɽ֣·Ҳ޷鴦ͻȻһޱϰԵԱմ
һƳƬգתеħһڷϵӣƿն
سЦħʱ򣡡
ħδ߳Ȼڴ֮Уͨ޵УˣɭɭЦҷӡ֮ҰΪ֣
ݵò񣡡
һʥ׳۵ӰٿȻ
䣡
칬۵Ӱ֮󣬾ֱӶ½ڴħֵĿռ䣬֮٣ͬʱһȭ
˫ȭԣ캧˵Ļƣƣɢ·һоϢ
ҶȣҲһɱǿߵƣ飬ҲһкܴӰ졣
޴ӣ޴ɶ㣬ƤƣȻо⡢ëһѪҺ·̣ʧȥĿƣľͷûв
һЩɵ۾ˣüѪΧɵ˸ֵס󲿷ƣпܰ
һжƵģˣֻԼоԼԵľش٣޷
칬ڣħ
֮ƣֶĴħ֮ˣ칬ǿߣ߸ϵ޴ˣڤ
ֻħףһ칬ۣͷųĿʥâڶĴħǺڰħƺһڰһˣǲ׺һڡ
ǿ߶Ҳֳʱѩվ̶ɴһᣬӣ
룡
ͬʱֶָǿߣ½غ󷽴ǿߵξ֪ʱңǿߣһ߶Ըаһ֯󷨣ѷ촦롣
ʦãִ߶ԸŴһͬȥ˳㸨ʦ㣬ͬ˸ְȫ룡
һˣȥվڤߡ
ڤһ̫Ӧħ֣ǿˣֻֻڵǿʵ
ȻҲΪӪȼƻֶǣͷκ飬ֶ춼ҪΪʡ
˿̣Ҫֶʵʱ
ţѴʦ㣬СִߡѩһۣϿա
ܣ
·һֱڶѩһһʱѩӡӶǽڣҪѩ֣
ٿٿ
һԽ˲סǽڵǰ
ಣ
Σ֮£ѩڻȫӡ鴦˫ִһӡһЩɵǿߣʼļ뿪
ѩֿʼʩչŲͨסʮˣֱӡ֮У
ø칬ȻҪԤǵ£ǾǵУħȻħͬˮӡռ졣
·Ҫֹӡÿˣ
˵ǿʵ˸оһʥӰӣͷųһʥƣħײ
䣡
ħϷʥ·ħѹʥ⣬ʥⱣ·ˣξҶȡѩȵˡ
ʥ֮Уڤһ˻Ӷ˫֣Ϊ˱ɡ˿ħᣬ֣ˣ
˭Ϊһ֣˭ͿԳѹƶԷ
ħѹˣɱ칬ִߣ̫ɶˣ
ڸ֣ƶԿʱͻȻֶ趯ʮǽڣһȼѪ֮ǰˡ
Ķ֣ʱң
һԽִӿպļ̹ǽ֮ϣһʱ޷ħ֮С
Ҿɱ㣡
ŭˣʱ״̬ȼյѪ˲κɵۣնɱκڳۣ
֨֨֨֨
ʱ䣬˾һĻˣʮǽڣ׷̷ӿΪıͬʱ
ಣ
ܴȻ֪棬Ҳ޷Ķ֣ʩչʼ˸һǽң
񣡡

ٿ죬ʩչڣ
Ƴκ֮ǱڵħֱӰƮ𣬴Ӱ֮УɳŪüΪǱ
꣡
ǽڳûҳϯ
壡
ΪΧƣ޴ӣҼǽٶ̫죬ƺ׼һ֣
ֻܿס⹥񽣺գһӡչֳΪģһ򣬰𱣻У
䣡
ǽҺڽ֮ϣ˲Ͱ
ɹ⣡
֮ʣһɹʰɹ⣬Ա׷˼Ѫǽ֮ϣ

ɹùǽڿʼڰ𶯣ٶȶʧֻڵĽ򣬳ûâһ𣬴ɿĹǽڰУһ
ʦܣˣ
ξ˲һͬɿ
ʦá͵ѣȥɣͽ칬ִߡ˿̣ڤվħ֮£ͷʥ⣬˵һ֮
л
ξ΢΢л칬͸վˣξϴ˵𣬷ӡҶѩȺ򣬶ֶǿߣһˣ½ڡ
ߣ
鴦ۣΧһˣת
ߣ
ͻȻӿ
߾ˣ㻹뵲·ɣ
ֻ簽żʮ칬ִߣͷһպɱʱ赲գξѩҶȵ˼ˣץסᣬһһӷӡ鴦ȥ


1046 ʳӡ
ৣ
Ħ޴½գһϻɽڣɳʮӰڻɽΧǧڵȺš
ξѩҶ벻ٸ߲㣬Ӫ룬ɵ˶ʮֻ棬ξλѣ˶ھ͸ȥɣ
ӣȥɸϢһʱ䣿
ʱɸһ߳ڶξѩʩ
Ѻ⣬ҴˣڼŻع飬̾ҪҴţӭλѼٱڣǣ
ξлɸ룬Ȼһһʩʮɵŵˣʼͬߡ
ֶˣξ߲㱣£Ҳʼɽȥ
ʱһ˺Ȼξߡ
Ҷȣξ񣬲ѩףʦ㣬ʦ֮ǰĦ޴½һر͵ۻȥȡʦܵһţ
ξһֿλ߲㣬ȻͷȻԲɣȻԤжֻǸովսʦܻҪСΪҪӡ֮أ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣ칬ħ󶷷һħӳ㻹Ħ޴½̫Σգ
һСģкܴЩӣҿܾҪۣҶɽ٣кܴԲòȥ
ѩһЩ߲Ŀ£ҶȲδأǴ˵ⷬϡ
ţ
˶Ӧʵ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȱһ뿪ӣֶǧ˼ŵӣĦ޴½Եȥ
ҵս
Ưħ֮УΧǿֲԹ籩ҶעֶʧβӰɫ
޼꣬ҪƻܸǬõ뷨ӿʼڣδʧԽǿҡ
תӡڣΧκӰԹ顢ħ顢Ҳ޷ֻɭɭ˶֮
칬֪δʲô⣿ĪҲ֪޼Ĵڣõ޼꣬Ӷ׷ǬϢ
ӡ֮У󷨽磬Ӷ칬һΪ˴󷽣ˬΪˣԸħ
ⲻ칬⣡
ǵĿ޼ꡭ
ǿ԰칬ȡ޼꣬Ȼ칬ȥԸǬֻǲ֪칬Ҫ޷õ޼ꣿб;Ҫƻĺã
뷨֮䣬ҶѾҪսоռڼٲһνһΣʮֲֿϹŷӡ󷨣ʧ
𶯣һ޹ģһδγش
Ȼ֮ǰϹŷӡ󷨣ƻˡ
һ󹦷Ҷսռ֮У̾ͼ֮ǰһн磬ΪУǰֲͣײһνһΣǼʮν֡
ʱֻͷԪ񣬱ڰգԪؼһ߾Թ顢ħ顢ʬ壬ȻԽԽ࣬پߡǧߡаʬ壬ȻҲв칬ִʬ塣
Ű죬Ȼħڤ簽ս˴󲿷֣ʵڲпᣬûмʱ뿪Ҳ
Ԫ𽥿룬ͷɵγɿֲ籩һʣΪ촷ۣϹŷӡ󷨣ڲϵʧ
ͻͻͻ
ԪѰҼʱͻȻڷ籩֮УһħħǷħʱͻȻѹа֮ߣѹһ
Ҷ̼ԦԪ˺
񣡡
Ȼ
ŷħսƺҪѹʲôǿոѹһʥ˿˿ͻȻħײ
Ȼ۵Ĺâһ
䡭
ҶȱʱоͷųԪһ룬â£ȻҲʼ飬棬ƣ˲ѣǻâҲΪ
ڤ簽Ǹӣ壬Ͷ칬ȻӵвǸӸǵĶ֣ǵЩ£Ѿˣ
ħ᳤磡
Ҳ;ĩ·޼꣬Щл·칬֣ƱػٴηӡԶȥһΪͳ֮Ŵħ֮󣬴ձ
ܷӡǸӣҪѹи汳ģҲߣǵףҲӪǣ޼ϹʱʹߣҾͲţ칬ǿߣӡϧηӡҲΪ޼꣬ɱӡ
ڤ粻飬Ȱѹ˵
ɡǾף
˫ȻΪ޼꣬ϧħɿڣڤգҲϵ
Ըʯ٣
ħ칬Ҷȼɵ
ħ֪칬Ĵڣ֪ǬѹǻǿӲ͵ǽͷݣ
˫սҪ׶ΣҶҲ޷ħڤ簽ΣѾЩ˫ʵ࣬ԽԽأƣôҶ˵͵̵
ಡ
ҶȴɱתӡϿգڷȥʱ䲻࣬Ǭʥ׸ֻ칬ָҪƻ޼꣬ǰΣ
ٶԽԽ죬Լһ㣬ҶӡϿգһѷ֮С
أ
ӡռ䣬һϤӰӣСطֳֻͨϴСС塣
Ҷ̸ţȻаЦٺ٣Сһھ͸ģξͳԸɣ
أء
ؽɴһСβͣ˲Ϣӡ鴦Ͽգ·ӡ֮ĴСӡռ䣬󷨷ӡ£Ǵħڤ簽սӡ֮
ಡ
ɲǼ䣬ӡ벿⣬е޶ʱʼգֻսϹŷӡ֮еΪϹŷӡԼħ
ЩҲգôûдǣȻӡ֮أޣҲ޷ȥһڵ
ޣƿӡ֮صȻżӿٶȡ
ҶֶޱһȻ˺һԶһץ˫֮УֳԹ⻷
ħڤ簽Ͽ¶зǷԸǣѾҵΪΧֻƽ飬Ը⼸֣ɱøףһҶá
΢΢ţһ飬ҶϹͥõ
ҶСʼƽ飬һδεذƽҲ͸֮У
ʱȥ·һ󣬿ƽ飬˼䣡
д˫ô죬ʹﵽ˴˵زԲżӡ֮նɱ֣һ׼֣һƿޣ֮ԽԽ죬ԪĹֱͳΪ޵Ӫ͡
޴ʱٶȲ죬е͸ӡ֮ÿ䣬ÿһ󷨣Ȼͬʱʼӡ֮
ҶƺӦ޵壬һ͡


1047 ֮ս
ʱַʧҶ׼öԸֶΣͬʱҲ޵Ӧ˴ħڤ簽ˣа顢칬ִͳͳأ
Щ壬ڱգ
ʱޣ֮ǰһЩһΪ΢΢ţյٶԽԽ죬ˡ
ϵķӡӡ֮أ˯Ԫô棬Ǻˮһƣδİͱʬ塢Ҳһһ롣
ֱʲôܳԣĳ˲¹ͷ
ʱ򿿽Ĵ֡
Ҷ˲վϹŷӡѷ֮Уӡ֮صҶƿصķӡ֮硣
ոӡ磬͸ܵһϢޱģ·Ϲŷӡںϣ֮Уȫѷӡ֮طӡƿأ޵ںݺշӡ֮е
޵̫Ȼ޷ȥ
ҶҡҡͷȻһ󷨣һ飬𽥷ӡʧٶȣԽԽ죬оǱգһΪӡ֮⵽ƻγɵ֮
һϹŷӡ飬޷ƣȻʧ뿪ӡ֮أ
ħȸ֣Ͳܿ췢޵Ĵڣȷ֮ʣӡ֮ʣˣ
ţ
Ȼ䣬һȵϢ𶯵룬
ħʥ׷ӡռħ֮Уնɱɶޡ

ѵϢʥ׵ķӡڣ߶ħնɱڤֱӳȥ
Ҷ֮ʩչԪڿԱ𿿽룬һδηУͼһֲȻ̾գһֻ
ڰգʮô󣬻һƯʯڣһֻӥ
ԱߣһֻСٵķʬ壬رħѹڱħסħħһ֮С
ɱӡ
ڤ÷ˣһˣ
ڤҲһ룬ʥ״ˣϹżԪ֮УħĽ֮һԲĴڣʹùҲδںϵħôǿѹ㲻⣡
ħȻסħذ簽壬һ֮УȻգԼ趯Ĺǽڣ
ĹǽڣȻ󲿷ַ뿪ΪһУյɱ
칬ʥ
ڤħϢҲ֮ǰһ룬֣ʱﵽ״̬ڤ죬һӲӵ칬
칬Ҷ칬м񣬶ӵеҲŵԣڤһ̣˲þ޴󣬳ħ׷ɱȥ
ǽӲӵ칬ħԹƵգ
Сģ
ŭ
ħ
ֻھͷѹѹķħһ֣һѹʱϮĽӲ칬ӭײȥ

󷨱͵һײȻ˭ҲûռϷ磬Ƿħ֣칬˻ȥħŴħһץһͬ·ȥ
򣡡
һ̣·һϽƣˣֳħͬʱ·һֱһ֮У
ڤ˲һ֮ϣûϽУǿһ֮е磬ȻһƬҽڲϵڤɱŭ𣺡ҲŹǣ
Ҳ
ħȻҽ֮¶壬һסħ߶ҽ
ಣ
ڤƺ֪һħ֮󣬻ΪεȵĴڣǺٴζ֣һӲӵ칬
ħ
ħҲһ˺ۣǽڣˣƺҲɵڤʱִ߶ħ
ͻͻͻ
ҽ֮еķħͻȻհҽ֮ٿȻӿҽƯڴħϷɫ칬պڷħϷ
䣡
һѹֳڤ칬칬ʥȻѷħݺݵѹһɣħͬʱҲݺһ𣬷·Ƹһ֡
ಣ
û뵽ڤһ˾ȻħֵزħҲƺֶΣҽ֮еĻӳڷħ֮У÷ħ𽥶칬
ھڣ˵ôһգ˿һУͿնɱκǿߡ
˫ս򣬴Լǧ֮գҶУɴ۾סһУΪڵǿд
ʲô
Լʱ䣬ҽԨʼӿҶȾͼڴħ·ҽԨһŹϷӡӡ֮УȻһźɫ
ѵǡ޼ꣿ
ͷȻſҶγɼΣǺɫϷӡ϶һ칬Ѱҵ޼꣬ҲǴħصı
ⱦǲܵȵǬʥǣһʧȥ޼꣬ԶҲȥ
ϧҶ࿴һۣҽ͸˺ɫӡҲ֣ڤƺҲ޼Ĵڡ
޼ԭ֮СǲصÿڤϢʼ·Ҫȡ޼꣡
Σ
ҽָ֮ĹǽڣײжڤǽһѪĹͣħ֮У
ħڶ棬ڤ̰ģŭڤƻǵĺ£޼ǱǶȡǻл·Ͷ·
Һ£
ڤʼĴӿһɹӳ칬֮ϡ
ͻͻͻ
칬ʱѹ÷ħʼһ½ÿ½һ磬ΧϹŷӡ磬ʼ飡
һˣǵĶ֡
ħȻ˴ʱ˿̣ǰƣǺһδ߶ħ
ಣ
ħȻҽ֮еĹȻͿʼٶȱ칬ѹ½ٶȣʮֹ
ֱԽڤʮ
࣬Զ׼
ħ˿̣·Ҫѹҽ֮еȫգȻ󳹵װ칬飬ڤ뱦֮У
ħȻһɵ֮УҲһֻһգƬ̾ͰڤѹˡĦ޴½ֹñǵõ绢
Ҷ˫ͫǷħӵȻȲԽ˫¹꽣ƽȵ
Ҫƻ޼꣬ҲҪõħҪɱǿߣ
Ǳҵġ
ͻȻҪħѹڤȻչֳޱġ
ԣ
ڤһ칬ǰȻ޴칬֮ǰӿصϢ
˭ûôˣ
ħڤ¹ģ⣬ʼ߶ħֱڤײȥ
ٿ
ڴʱ
벻鷢ˣ
ڤǰ칬ػΪһΣһһɸߵ壡
˫ֻ֣ڤϢȻƮķħػӶұۣǷħ⣬һ㣡
¡
һԵİĳ֮εڷħ֮ϣɷӡضɽҡ


1048 ħֶ
칬Σֻ΢΢ضŷħһ㣬ȻϹƣѹƣش
ѹƣڷӡ֮Ԩɻ籩˺κڳۡ
ҶһĻƮ칬Ӱʥׯϣ֪ǺεȵĴڣһˣڤ֮ơ
޴ѹ칬ӰԵһָѹƷħϵ½ͻͻͻٶȾˣҽԨ
⡭Ǻεȵ־
ҽԨħľؿŷħС칬Ӱѹƣѹǿ߾ѡ
Զ
Ӵߣڤ룬˲ϢĴ򣬸գЪ˹ﶢűѹķħ
ȼհɣȼհɣ
ħϽ٣ѹҽռ˲ɿôֱӰѴħѹ
ߣӡ֮£ûĵ̣
ҽؾߴ߶£ϹŻ͸ǵ壬ϵʼγɻһֻ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣ˲·סħ
䣡
ռһ̾Կţһʱƺʧˣ
ڤͷų칬Ӱ߶ħ·ħҽؾȼյĻ棬֮󣬴·ħ˫ôƶȥ
ԼħڤҪңȻã칬ӰӰ죬ģ
ʱˣ
˫ֲ£ȼе
ڣҲֻӵڵһ磬ڰҶȣȴĻ٣
Ԫ
ǧ֮⣬ʩչԪ֮дԽԽƯڰ֮ϵִڤһɿµ׹⣬ƺҪģ
ɱ
ڰ֮ңʱҶһݣסʱʩչɵγһֻ֣ƽ飬ʩչգ۾ʹԽգ޷ľڤϷ
ٿ
᲻ҶһӣԴֱסƽ飬˲Ϣֳ֮
˲䣬ڤƺӦ
ƽ׹ƽ֮âѷԵ֮ƣŻƽְԵһУصڤ׳ͷ­Ϸ
ͣ
¡
仹Ϊ̣һҶȰӵԽļ£Ϊģնɱڣ
ڣƽڤͷ֮ϣ˲ڤͷҳѪƽ˲Ѫ֮бը
ڤͻȻһͷ­˲䱬ըĹԣԪ˲Ҳ
ٿ
ͬʱһѪӡڤ֮Ȼӡ񷣬ˣҶȷʱѾ޷
ڡ±ӡһ䣬ͻ߶ıӡ칬ִ߸Ӧ
ѪӡˣҶɫȴ쳣أ
Ϊڤıһʧ칬ִߣػڤӡǵٹãһӦѪӡôڤʧ˲ͱ칬ִ֪
һ裡
ɺޣʵ̫ǴﵽۣղžɱԸӦѪӡڡ
ҶȺŲʣ̿·ֻ϶޼֣칬ִ߲֮ͻԮ
䡭
ڤ䣬칬Ӱ·Ҳˣ
ħԸоѹ֮ǰǰͣ˾Ȼȼ߶ħƺҪڤ״ݻ٣
ಡ
ҶֱƿշҽԨһźɫӡ
ţ
ħ˲ϢͼҶȣһһȻ˴ڣһ趯Ѫǽڣ̾͵޼ϿգȼҶɱ
¡
һɹϻ棬Ҷӭ
Ҷüͷһ壬ɲǿЦģѳΪǿ֮ĩȴҲڣһ̲һץܣ
꣬ΪǿķҶȴ߶֮УҶĿֲ棬ץܣǰ
䣡䣡䣡
һײ֮ϣײҶһɣĻ棬ֽһ˽һˡ
ҶȾôȲѣʱˣ

һȼͳͳħĴħҶ˲ʱͷ쳤Х
Ҳɾ裬ƺڤˣԭһֽϻ
ħһƳħϣ·һħɵĴڣСӲģ뿪ǰħ֮УΪ֣
ħ
ڴһ̣ͻȻӴħߣֳһ꣡
˫һУץһħڴħδӦ֮ʣѶײڶ֮ƣصؿħڴħ󱳣
ৣ
ħǿĴڣħ޻ɶȥպħ·
ɶ񡭡ħɱڶͻȻɱ꣡
ħҶڵֿ棬Ҫ취նɱǿŴħͻȻشһͻأð꣬ҶȲɫ
Ϊ꣬ħ죬ʩչħǵҶȱһħסħʹõħ
ħ쵭ҶЦ˲ҺΪֵΣգ㻹ˣҵĿĿɲֻڴˡ
˵꣬Ȼħ
ħһһɶ೤ħں󱳣պô̴ţԿħ֮ʣѳΪһ˿̣ϷǷħʧȥ֧֣ٲȻ칬ӰĶ֣ʱѹÿֲ¡
ħڷħµ·
Ƿħպڴħϣ
ʲô
һħȻܴ߶ûڱħţڷһħҪԼƷħѹζ
ħҶȽץסܣֵͷŵĻ棬ƺҪȴħҶ赲ǰ
һħɱ˴ħôԸһˣͼ򵥶ˣ
¡
ڣͬϣǷħ칬Ӱֲѹƣֲͻͻͻ£ħߣϧһδȣħϣڵҽҲҳһӣ
ҵĿģɲġǣҪõϹħȷʸʹã
ħͻͻط
ʲô
ҶһƼħħϷ칬ӰʧһħõħһϣȻָԣңħںϷħҲ˵
ħʲôħ
ֻһۣÿһͬķӡ˭֪ħʲô
ħõһҶȴ˿̿ħûϵħҰġ
Ϳ£һõħں֮ҶҪնɱҲƵĵزԤϣĻħʲôзħͻὥҶȵ
ȻֻҶȵĵģبŴδйħ뱾ƿصҶ治ϣĵ£ϣ
ħǺڰĴ޼˻׵Ҷȱͬȸ߶ȣᳬԽҶȡ
ħʥ׵ķҲδҶţħħ
ȻҶĵģħƿ£ܷ
ħһõħʣħʵͿԴﵽҶͬĸ߶ȣҪնɱħ̸ף


1049 ջ޼
Ϊ
ৣ
ҶȫħҪֹȡħ
ꡫ꣡
ϧδԸ
Ҷħ죬޵ðͲһڳԵ˺һһ飬ȻҶȻᣬȻҲ˽ħ쵽˭֪ħȻţȰҶնɱնɱħͷ
У˿ʥħķԸ˻ߣ
ﻹǷӡ֮أĵ̣

һ˻赲ҶǰҽԨΧĹϷӡҶȶʱΧ֮У

ֻôƬ̵ĵħ̰ڰ
ħվڷħϷֺݺݵץڷħ֮ϣ壬ӿ޼˻׵ĺڰԣԵӿħ
ಣ
һɾ޴ķħħĺڰԣȻħ̵ֱڣ
һϹħȻħ׵õ
ɶ񡭡
飬ȴƫƫԸΥħҶǼʶħУ󣬱ʥħУͷŵɽ硣
ҶܸӦħĴڣ޷֪ħ뷨
ҾͲˣɱڤıӡѱ칬ִ߸ӦӰɣ
ħЦ䣬Ȼôö֮õرңطˣ
ħ
˿̳ӶˣȻȡʥ׵ķ
ħ˵ĺܶԣֻпЩɱ޼꣬칬ִ߸Ҿ鷳ˣ
ħһߣҶȱת赲һ棬ȻһۣΪһۣңҲһߣҲ֮ǰҶȣˡ

ҶȴʱȻݣ
СӣҪʬΡ
Ҷȵı仯Ų⣬ħ䣬ħߣҲϹŷӡ֮أ˵νˮһա
һУƺҶһɣʱͷŽе趯ѪǽڣǽΪѪʼȼѪ棬ΧĻ֮γɿµѪɫһǽڡ
֨֨
ʮǽڣһֶ۶ڤǿ֮ͨ£ǽĥϵѪ棬ʱһǽڣҶȴ
Χҽ棬ǰĿ¹ǽڣҶֻеֵһ·ץܣ߸ߵط

һǽ̫죬ҶȷʱӰײϣҶȲòֹס

ţһǽھͶɱ
һһƯڰգһϵ֮ϣҶɵ۰˽ΪܾɼԹжôĲ˼顣
ÿһαǽڹҶΧͱƣһδε赲ҶȸоеܣƺҪ飡
ϾǳԽ̫ȼĴڣھ֣
ӵҶͬľ磬ҲûҶ죬ɵ۰˽׶Կڰɡ
ˡ
ʮҶһֱڷУѾڿʼ
˲Ϣ򣡡
ۿʮѪȼչǽһҪʱҶͻȻܣ˫ĿһݣݺһΣ
֨֨֨
Ƭռ䣬ͻȻֹʮǽڣҪھֹռ䣬Ȼţţ
򡭡ԭɵۣܣһɵô
žֹ٣˲ϢƿΧռ䣬ͶŻΪҶȣ˸Ŀ⣡
꣡
ȻʱذѾֹռ䣬óһѷ죡
¾ֹռ䣬޷ѹᱻȫ黯ΪУ
ٺ١
ҶڨڨЦЦ
Ԫ
˲ϢʩչʵֹҲ÷ռ䣬ѹⲻʵҶȵķΪ̫ͣ޷ѹġ
һԻĹһ棬ҶҪھֹռ䣬ʩչԪ
ҪͻȻһڣķͭǽڣ
ಡ
Ҷֱھֹռɣһ̣Ķڿռ䣬ֻ̫ܿҶȲϿ
ô£ӡΪ޷ƣڼʧ
ƺҲаնԸҶȣǸոҪҽԨǲϵǿ֮ʣȴķ֣ҽΧķӡһ̣ر֮ϡ
ϷƺһŴ죡
ѵǷӡˣ
¶ϲ飬˲䲻ɱҶȣǽһڣֹռ飬ƴ·ɫӡץȥ
ƺҪץסɫӡȻϿ֮ӳӡ֮أ
ΪǷӡ֮飬Ȼӷӡ֮ʧĦ޴½ⲻ֪޼ӿٶȡ޷ӡ֮ص
ҶٶȻӿ죡
һ֣ͻأץһ飬ոհڳһǽڣץǺɫӡ˲䣬ϰգϢȥ
ٿ
һж
ͣ
ƽǿ͸նɱڤݺݵһϰ
ʱ׹ϯȫ
ϰҪʼ˲׹±ըΪѪ⣬ҶҲŹѪ׷գ
ֻϰըΪУ°ЩǽڣҲʼֿΪʮѪǣ׹·
ҵʶȴԨ֮С࡭
˻Ȼҽش
аıԴӡ֮أ޷Ĩɱǣ˸Ѫǡպÿֲڵū˱֮УںɾڵϹа䣬ôū϶Ϊһױ
ҶȴƳһ·Ԩӡ֮Ȼһǽڣ϶ԶţһĿ´ڣòɣʮƷҶ̻֣ץס˸ĹǽڣԼɣ׷׵޽֮С
޼꣡
ڤħи֣ͳͳʧӡ֮κ塢Ҳڼٱգ
ҶһɫӡǰһɶķӡͷŵϢȻ޼֮һɿԸϢ
Ǭ˼Ҫָʵֻһʱ䣬ֻҪסһЩҵʱ͸Щ
ƣ
ҶȻһץһ޼սݺݵسɫӡȥ

˭֪޼սȻ޷ӡҶֱ۷飬޼սҲֹѡ
̫ˣ
ҶȲûʧӸˣɫӡǬƻһֶԿǬζ
ء
ָо֮УҪ֮£ʱ޵ֱӴӷӡ񷽵
ţѵ칬ִ߸ˣ
ã
ҶţôǬԼ޸ӦĦ޴½ΧһʲôҶһץ֮ͥУõǿˮ
ҶҲ뻨Ѿݻ޼꣡
ԣ

ץסˮŷӡǹϼӲĹϺʯһ
꣡
ȻҶϣǼӲĹ޼ʯˮһ֮ҲһƣҶεĻӳˮ
¡
ɫӡͻȻұĺɫ޼ʯҶ˺ɣеӡ֮޼Ϣͳͳżʧӡ񷣬ն븹У
ɹˣ
ƻǬҶȻż飬Ϊ֪㣬ȻΧڼʧҶ˲ӡ񷡣
һ󷨣ƳΧʧ˴룡
޵ӡȻһЩ
󷨣ӡϷ鴦̰ޣϲ޵ӣĪԼʮ֮һ
ء
Ҷȣ˷ܵİСβͣ
ˡ
ҲڴʱһӦϢϷɽͻأѹȶ
칬ִߡޣڰңָߣ
Ҷ̸޼£϶Էڣ͵һСβһڣͲˡ


1050 칬Χɱ
ͻͻͻ
һ칬ֲʥ⣬Ȼֱһ̣Ħ޴½񷽵칬ִ߰Χķ
칬ʥ⣬·˲Ҫѷӡɽѹ
ಣ
һӰڴƶ˷ɳѴ칬ʥ֮У
칬ִǰ¶Ҷġ
ɽ˾̾ߣ
ڶϻ£Ȼ칬

Ȼͨڶ
칬ִ߼ҶȣԳΪͻأı飬һֱʱ޿Ѱҵط˹Ȼö֮ǰ
ܺãܺãʹ칬طľκδۣҲҪ׽ҪնɱҲԣ
Ͽգʥ칬֮УȻ߳
Ϣ˶ڤͬϢ޵ǿߣƺˣΪѾﵽڳ۷壬Բ
Ҫڤħǿ󼸱ѾҶȿնɱԿǿߣ
׽ˣ
ʱΧ칬ִֶ࣬ǧ֮ࡣ
ʱǿʥ칬ִ߶ڹʥ칬촫ݳһʥ޷ܣľͷ
ѵڵǿ
⼸֣һƳڸ֣칬ӰĹֻ˵ղ´﷨ּǿߣһڵĴڣ
׽
˽ӡ֮أռԪ񡢱Ϣӡ޼Ϣȴ칬¸֧Ԯ
ּʥٴν٣
칬ִΪ֮һһ칬ִӡɽΧʣˣ̳ҶΧɱ
ǿߣֱӶˣ
칬
ҶȻ߶ʩչԪӰΧֲʥ磬ʮǿ󣬵ҶȻһ
䣡
һڰ΢΢ԣһƾڽ֮ϣ粢δ飬Ҷȴʧڽ֮ڣĦ޴½ȥ
ಣ
칬ִ߷ֳ·ֱڴ죬ÿһ·һٶˣҶȲɳ磬׷ȥ
Ҷȣֻ֮ң
λһּԦռͨһڰй߻һ˱ħ
֣ͬ߶ȣͬ룬մ
˸Ҳģ꣬ڤˣҲڤ߳١
һɽʱһˣ
ǧǰڶϻ¹Ĵϣͥκһ𣬲㵷ҴᣬʱƺǴ֮Ϊ
ʱǧ꣬ٶȣӹӵɵڳ֮ʵǲܴ⣬֪ڤڷӡ֮أкܴĹϵ
ּսôʱ䣬׷ŽĦ޴½룬Ҫɽһ嫵֮С
ǰԹħݺУ
һ˫ۡڷɳ֮У̽
׷ÿЩִߣǳۣٶҲ࡭ʱҪǡСǧ
磬Сǧ׼ˣ
ҪĦ޴½Ҷȼ˼ǰǺɽ磬ΧȻǸϹ㣬׷ɱǿߣβ
ಣ
ͻȻû
ã֮Уյĺ嫣ӹ׷Ϣߣ
ھͷգ֮䣬㴩Ҷʧգǿƣһһ֮У
ɽգ
ٿ
ոԶĦ޴½Ҷȣɳ֮ͻȻ󷽳һʥɵӰֲ̫磬Ҳ˲ŤҶ
ৣ
ڵնɱҶסۿʥɵӰ벻ʱݺһ㣬ͬѵˮ߸ԾԽһ
պʥɵ֮ʣɵƲȥ
ٶ
¡
ʥɵӰиչǵһţӰҶٶ˲䣬һ칬۵ǿߣҶ󷽣žǺһɨ

ǿٶǿֲϢ׷ˡ
Ҷ׼ڶԿ¶ϵ޴ĺɨҶԭǸ߸Խ
䣡
ǿպɨһɶʯϣʯļ֮£Ȼɨ÷飡
ݡ
һ̣Ҷƺȼգһ˳ɽһɶȥȼ籩Ħ˷·Ҫɣ
ܲˣ
һǿߣһ칬ۣҶһɳʮգҲ˲ϢͽӰУͲҶôСͬڱߣѾҶҲ࣡
һӢİ֣
ҶȼٷţԦǿٶȣȻûǿǰʩչСǧͨҶ伥Цܲߣܾģڳͷ֮磬ɱôִߣǰȻߣ
ܲˣ
Ϊ֪ж񣬼ԦȻ˿ѹҲûС
ھ޽֮أԳݺᣬɽռȻֲܿǱ޽֮ѹ̫࣡
Ľ
ҶȲףͻȻһһɹսֱӴҶһնٿȻ
Ԫ
ڿ⣿
ܣѰ·
ҶȿϷһʯ˫ʩչԪ˫һʯʱҲལŲƣ
͡
ʯպõڽ֮ǰӲʯڰ꽣£һһ飬Ҷٶȣȴ¼ʯסٶȣ
ɶ񡭡ʯǡð겻òٶȣ
ಡ
ǿߣһһ£˲׷ȥ
ӣ
ٶȿ磬֣°ΧҶȣѹҶȣ˲Ϣ䣬׷Ҷȣ׼ͷŽֶΣ
ֱҶһ㴭Ϣᣡ
ȻҲû뵽ҶʵΪ£Ȼֵܼʱ䣬Ǿʵ𾪣
ʯȺ̫ˣҾͲţɽ磬ֻĵķݣҾͲţܰһһģȥ
Ѿ챻ǿ߰ɽӣҶǰһƳպһƬʯ㣬Ưգŷ籩ظţ
Ҫʯ㣡
һϷҲʯ㣬̾Ͳ³ҶҪʲôֺһץһȼγһɽֱӾӸ£Ҷѹȥ
Ųơ
˹ҶȵȻУ޷ֵʩչԪտռ䣬ֱӴŲơ
¡
ɽǡҶȺһգȻըƣҶ޷ʱƷǡӿʯ㣡
ȻһֿռΪ˵Ŀռ裬Ѿﵽ˺ŵĵزӵΪڶĶ֣
ͷŻɽǿߣ㵶Ҷӿʯ㣡
Χʯ㣡
꣬Ҳʱ룬˱ȼ˴һۣʱʯ㲻ͬγǷȦʯΧˮйͨһһҶ߻ᣬͷųȻʯ
Ͷ·ֿɣ
꿴ʯ㣬Լмǧ׷Χٰµƣʯɭɭȵ
Ǿһ𣿣
Ҷȵʯݳ֪ںδʯպðӰڵ
һǿߵǲͶֻ·һ
һǿҲڨڨЦɭɭȼգǵģǶʸ𣿡
ʲôֶΣûͷ֮ʲôҲǶûʸȥͷ֮ɣ칬Ϊ֮䣬ֻƣ
˭֪˸ַüƣջӭҶһ䳰ȷ


1051 ׷ʹ
Ȼѡ񡭡
Ҳֻнնɱ
֣ҶȻش𣬶ʱһָɭƣޱԻӶұһץиԳһʥɵ
Щˡ
Ҷȷ·֪ʲôϢӵޣΧһɽ籾Դͬ⣡
꣡
ǿͬʱᵶգո߸ߵ𺳴̳ʥɵУͬѩ˸ʥâ
ƣ
ͬʱ󷨣ʯʥɵ
ʥɵԵ졢ǧְ֮ԵƾʥǺӣ֮д
䣡
ͬʱʯ֮ϣ
һʯֲʥɵȻʯǳӲǿߣеʥɵҲ΢΢ԣҪǣǿΪɵΪӲƵʯǰ񶹸һ
Ȼ
ֻһԾնƼʯʯʯ֮У

ʥɵٴκգȻٴն£䣬һʯ࣡
ʱ֮У·һص֮У
䣡
ʯϷʼϵ飬һʯɵ£˵ɵɵʯײƣںʯиκʣ
ʱ˿̣ʥɵ䣬ԥһһʯն
ϰٴι
һȡ
ʯ㼸һƬ棡
ͻȻɫһְ
ͣ
˲䣬תҺ󷽣һƬգսʥɵݺݵسն£·ʲô
¡
һվȻ𵴣ڱһˣӱ֮УǱɳҶ
ȻϢӳҵȵķ
ޱȣʯ㣬ֿҶǱ֣оɶӣҶڹ֮С
ৡ
Ҷȿûʱ䣬ֳǱѣץסᣬǷȥ
׷
ʵǰֲţҲҲŰһ׷ɱȥҶߣ
ȻҶȻӲڵٶȣǿߣֻһѿԽգҶռ
ڹȻ֣ҲͬѰǸܸ꣬Ӧ˶֮ͨ˶ҵ
귢֣һһƳҶɫȻ糣ֻһϾƳ˺һۣԽԽһӿˮ
磬ǰһΪɿݵ򣡡
ֹ˼ѾɽĴڣ˺ڰգգҶԺСǧȻ֡
ãҾͲ֮УҾͲţڣɵʯһɣ
Сǧ˼ʱ꣬Ҷ취׷ɱʱʱṩһϢҶȰӿٶȡ
һƳ󷵣ƺҲٶȣ
ϧСǧǱ޷ڸǰϢĴ󣬶ڵٶȣѾСǧֻûСǧԦɽԴ
ҶСǧߣղ󣬿һԣһʧܣ֪Ҷȴ氮ִյȻʩչǿֶηͨ
ٶɽѴ۷壬֮УҶǲСǧԦԪʩչ˳׵ٶȣͱ׷ɱ
֣ûʩչȫǾˣҪô֣Ҫô־Ե

ҶһδʩչԪգһδεϢʱǿߺȻǰա
һſݻƵ򣬺ȻһƬʯ㣬Ư֮У
üëһᣬ̲ס󾪣ĪҪУ
ǵģ֮Уĵʱ䣬»һζ׷µϢ¶Ų֮Уᱻ籩ʴ򣡡
أ
ֱż˵
ৡ
ͬʱֲٶȣ֮ǰһֹڲеٶȣȻɽ֮зһﵽٶȣ۶޷壡
Ҿ֪ǻСǧңﵽ򣬲ǸӦĴڣ
һ̣ҶٶȣѾﵽޣȣɵ۲漣
ಣ
òʼСǧ
׷ǧ׾ʱҶͻȻ޻ӰռҲڻûһӰֱǿݻ
ٿȻ֮䣬ҶȾŻӰʧǿ֮УԽԽԶȥ
ƴѾǿ֮ĩ;ƿݵĵز
ֲûһ˿⣬ϲһ·׷Ҷű⿰ڵٶȣ˵ѾûжټֶΡ

԰Ϊ־ҲͷųٵٶȣҶһδﵽƽ״̬ճҶݻȥ
ϧҶѽݻգֳʩչӲ˼ٶȣ׷Ҷȡ
ȻڣȴһҪܵѹƣոֻǱڡҪԦøɶѡ
Ҷȣ
ȴȻڣǲܵκѹƣΪдǧͼԪϣ
ڵٶ֮УõǯƣҶӵⷽƣԲǿߣγֲµ־档
ٿٿٿ
һŹ¶ĿݼƯʯ֮Уһ鱻ʴĹŻʯ
ಣ
һӰΪ˶ޱȵ֮У
κ
ಣ
칬۵ǿߣҲźӰɳ۵糸ݻ֮УӹһʯʱޱգΧΨһڵľ޴У
˲Ϊ޾Ļɳ磬һ¡ߵҶȣշ֮Уǲ磬ɽգʱʱҲɽ籩˺ѽ磬ʧȥ
ΪʧȥﶼʧȥΪɳ
ͻͻͻ
Ͽգ׳ѩ׵Ϊ׾޵ҶΪĿ꣬Żƣ˺Ѷն
ÿµ
Ҷ˫ִһӡɳ磬Ϊֲͨ˲䣬˾ͻΪӰɳ
¡¡
ڲãɳ֮Уһʱɳ죬𶯣·ݻھ𶯣ҡҡ׹칬ǿߣٿȻɳŨɱҶ׷ᣬƻ
ǿ֣Ȼܺһ
֮ڷһ֮ϣһӣ͸ˣ
Ҳλֵܣݼ֮ãаԪ֮ãһ˿κʣΪ޴ˣ
ƬգҵȶδΪλȻ̨һʱ䣬û뵽һ壬עСҵֵ֣֮ǽҲݳޣ
ڻɳ֮УԿҶȷٵӰǿһɨ磬ȫǻɳûκɽͣûκκɭ֣޴ӣ޴ɲأһʱ̸Ц
֮Уѵǿߣץһɵ
磬˻ɳǻɳҶܵԶƮ£Ҳȫչ¶ǿҰ֮У
ҶȱץҲֻʱ⣬ɵӶóҲѹǿߣɣһ
û뵽òںǼ֮Уҵһȴ硭һƬɳһƬ
ʩչԪСǧΪӰڻɳУ΢΢һƳһֱ׷ʹ
ݵأ
һշȥ϶ǿٶȶ֣ҶȺȻƳǰػɳϡ٣ǳɺһ˺ѵĴأЩѷ죬ףɳ˶ѷµԨ硣
Ȼ½غ񷶼޷ҶֻҧͷһͷԷɶ롣


1052 ɽ

ӦһֻĹ󣬹
칬ֽ׷·һѿԨ˰꣬Աִ߱ˡ
΢΢һͣһַգһ֣ʱԾѷԨ׵Ԩ֮С
оֻصӡ֮أһεѹڿݻӣ
ҿݻһֱ΢΢ζɳʯӵر£һСģܰڵԨ޳·
ৡ
һѷ죬ڵԨݺطţⶵȥҶȴǿߣƺӥץСϷ
ÿÿҶβӰϧԨѷʵڸӣֻܽҧгݣһʱҲûʲôð취һӾ׷Ҷȡ
˾ҶȣûйɵڵԨѷ֮зУȥʱ˫壬ҶֻҪҧסȥסǣھ֮У¶ϣ֮š
Ǳһϧʲôס޾Ͳ
챼ӣҶһȻ棬ֶ֮в̶ͬģֶֻΪģ˵Ȼ΢
пԨѷΪڻҶҲüͷ˼Ըְ취ǽնɱ
Ȼܲʵޣϰ취ʧȥʱͻȻ֡
һ
ֲװվŸʲôǯǣħӡ֮ؽţ޷뿪ӡ֮أ޾ͿɱҲɱһֻӡ
һ·ӣһ治ͣӦӣʵ̫󣬸޼ƿʩֻһӣ
ȥҲǳ֮ơ
Ҷüź⣬ӦϢȻϷǿʱ˦ͻȻ˫ͫȼյ⣬߶ԪΪӰһɻɳʱವһ·ر
Ӱ棬һۣշɳգ۾ͷɳݻ΢󷨣֮У
ಣ
ʱɳһƳգö
ΪСӻȥ磬Ǽ׷ִߣգ۱Ӻ󷽻ɳ
ߣƬ˺嫣ܲˣ׷
˵ϣ໥ɫصףͷƣһζֱɽա

һɵۡ칬ڸֿ֣ʼ׷ǰ׷׷ɱɽ۷֮Ľ¾ֶ󲿷״ӡֵӣҲ޷
ѩ־ţ
һδݺԾãã֮Уһ΢΢Ϣʼӿ
գޣ޾ûйû磬ȻҲûůҶѷɽ֮УǿߣҲҽԶա
ǵĵģոָʧ硣
粻ӵдǧͼҶҲҽգǧͼҲִߣտĵֻ̣ҪǼգҶȾаռԦСǧգޣ޷ķλ
գɹߣ
ʱһ˿ҲûУϢ˲䶳κγۡ
շ籩ЩúëҶԽԽо˷ܣȥִȻǿ󣬵ûдǧͼҪ֮УѰɽ緽λȥ׷ɱҶȣ̫ʵ
ৡ
շ籩ԭһͨ٣ǣƶȻ֮ϯ֮ķĦоֲסãᱻ˺ѡ
ѵ
ҶȲòȷٶȣоͻȻķ籩̫죬ðűִ׷ϵΣգòͣķ粻֪ӺζγһƬķ籩
λ籩
ͻȻպ磬ҶȲɵòӣƺҪշ籩˺κʯʵķ籩
һȣ
ԥ֮䣬˲κ
칬ִߣͻͻͻ׷ҶȺ֮ңͱ֣Ȼͣա
ãùķƣ˹ѵǴշ籩һ֣Χڶգɵڶͷðһεζ麹
ڣҲȻշ籩
Ϊ򶨣ȴҲðӦշ籩١ȻΣգðǵסȥ·
ô
ǰҶȷ·˵ݣ䲻һĨЦڸ֣ҲҹˣҾôˣ׷ʹգô˰ɣ
һλʱЦݵõ⣬λȻ֪ҿƣϱķ籩ʮѼľ޴籩Ƕ֣Ҳڷ籩֮УΪλҪ˷ѾȥԸ㣿
ǵʱˮһգ
Ȼǿߣʶ㲩֪ɵ޷շ籩뵽Ҷ¶صЦݣ
ͻͻͻ
ִϣżκڵգʱۼԿķ籩γ˳ƿֲϯ
ˣʱ޴籩֮У
ǣ
籩γɣҶȾͳΪеһҶСۣ¶Թɣһ̣籩ĦȻ濪ʼһ飬ֱӱʴ
ÿµ
ڳۣ¶޷Ҷȵɶƻ籩ȴˣ
Һ棬õ⡭ҲܣĲ٣˵籩ȥ֮˵һաұԣ
߶һδŷ籩֮󣬿ʼУҶҲɴ⣬жһһ
ڣҶһΪС飬ڷ籩֮мΪǱ籩һδξǵķȻûֱ飬ĵʵǺˡ
ҲҶڣܵܣնɱ˵ľͻᣡ
ģ
ȥ
еˣڣҲԴԴϵҶĳƣ˶޷漣
մ籩ƺδϵϯգñͿնգӵţʱôٶֻĹȥ
˵ڷ籩֮УԿ籩öݣҲһ㲻ΪⲻִҪģȴҶҪģ

ڷ籩м˶ãҶûȥƺ籩޾Ȼ籩еĺȻӾ磬ú̹ǣһҶ棬ȻҲΪ㡣
áܸо£ĿǰյķΧûеɽյ˺ɽ
ʱһִɫ֡겻˵
䡭
ţڼ˸ԻŲͬ˼ʱ
ڷ籩ϿգɽǼʵ֮УȻһӸ߿ֱӴ
ʱ˿̣˼Ĭһһ߿ա
ңҲһͬɫþ㤲
ΪУɽϿգǺ籩ȻƮ첻һѷ죡
ɽ񷣬Ȼѣ
ɣǷ籩ɽ񷶼˺ˣ
һĿģϢѾʼᣬЩ֮ԺҶѷ졣
ѵ
ѵǴ˵еġѡ
һǣ޽֮أʱһЩСѣɽȻ֮γɵģѣʣͨѣ޽֮أ
ִҲ˷һĿѷ죬޿־壬ɫ΢΢ز


1053 Ǻ
ѣ
ִ߿о֣̾Ҷȸоﶼڷ
ɽ󣬵Ҳеһʱգһ޴Ǻӣ
ɽ磬Ϊ˶һδεĻ𣬶ѾΪֲ֮һ
Ѿγɣû˵ڹżмأɽ򡢹ɽ磬֮У顣
Ϊ񷾡ͷضѷ죬ԳΪѣ
ˡ
ִ߶ɫͻ䣬ŤӲ
̻̲˫֮ͫ⣺ȳ籩֮Уһ˭Ҳ֪жƻǲΪ
˵ļǣ
Ա֣ͬɼѣжɵ

̿ʼͷƣ׼ͻƷ籩Ƿ籩·˸ӦʱȻӿ죬һαޱȡ
籩֣Ȼ֮һ˲ͱ籩̲֮
ִߣ𾪵Ӷƺδǿ籩ԽовͬѰĴ·ʼ߶ѷںߡ
Ƿ籩̫Ӵʱʱ̿ϯָոձߺһ籩ٴΰѷᡣ
Ǻ־æһһȥߺַضᣬԸҲϾ˼
ûᣡ
ҶһǺ£Ҳŷ籩һδξᣬܿͻᱻɣʵҲȻһ֣˶޷աҶƫƫ
ڣռһƻ֣ڨڨɱЦҲԦȻͬҲҪܵɽѹȡҪޣ籩ǵȻնɱ
ʱڵ

ץסᣬٻޣһͬԸǿ֮ʱһƬʥ⣬ȻӿݻǷգٷԾ
ʥ⣬̫ͻȻҶȽŲȻֹ
̫ʱ칬֧Ԯ籩УƬʥ⣬徹һ칬״̬
ʥһ޴칬棬վĪԼǧ칬ִߣٳƬ籩շ
칬ʥ⣬ȻԵֵѹƣ칬ִݺᣬ˼
֧Ԯ̫ʱ򣡡
ڷ籩֮У֣Ưʥ칬ϲ⣡
ٿ
գ۹
ʥ칬֮ͣңգպڷ籩Χ֮⣬ƺҲɵ籩֮칬ʥ֮Уӿһʥֱƾագ籩ȥ
ৣ
ʥոս籩ܵ籩赲໥ԿһЩڷ籩֮УȴҲ޷ֹʥϵڵķ籩֮С
ಣ
ִͬķӡһ칬Ӱˣʥںϣʱ칬ӰΪƽ칬ͬͭǽڣˣʥǣ칬ʼ뿪籩
ϧ
˶ٴεõ֤
칬ǿ̫࣬ɽ磬Ħ޴½һƬִߣ־֮࣬ڣ칬վˣס
˭ҵ칬棬칬͸𡢾ǿƣ
ۼ뿪籩ҶֺΣϸ룬֣Ϸ籩֮Ҳûаٷְٰգնɱڸ֣
ԺȻðĦ޴½ӡ֮صĻ棬ڤʱ̣칬ΪһӰȻѹƷħħ
ǿߣҲڤͨҶҪնɱǣǲܵģˣҲǶҶģ
Ҷɫܿٴ籩֮⣬ʥ칬ȳ֮󣬾ȻһֱƯǿĿ⣬͸籩ڻҶȡ
겻ɢ
շ籩赲칬Ҳ㣬ҪҶѹ
շ籩һγɣʮꡢʱ䡭ǲ׽ҾͲȥ籩˵ûжв
˼ȥһ֣ϣ
ϳһ־ã
ǣ
ڷ籩֮УƱһţʵҶȲУʩչϲձ
ûгã
סҶȵıţȻշ籩Ȼң֮ովţȻֱӱҶķ֮ķǿ֮ɺܰҶȸˡ
ÿµ
ô籩ͻȻ˿ֲ
˼ϸҶȣһƳһ˼⣬ȻһĿ⿴籩Ͽա
͸㣬Ҷȼҡüͷһ㺮·Ϊڷ籩ϿգͻȻƶһɹ֮⣬ƹѵѣ֮ͬѹŷ籩
䣡
ʱƬھ𶯣оڴ˿̣Ҫ飬е塢ʶữΪޣ

˺󣡣
գͻȻʥ칬֮Уһǿߵķ
칬ִ߾Ȼ˺󡭡
֮ʣٴ񷣬ֻһѴѹշ籩ͻͻͻؽٶշ籩Ȼ
ҶƯУٴαٶᣬʱ칬ߣͷ̫һձ֮ǰ״̬˳Ϊ˱
ȻһʱǷ籩̫ң˺ʴͬΪ籩Ҷǵϯ
ǿܣ
籩һ£϶ܵ޷ش˫ֿʼһӡǰһɫŵϢĺɫƣҲͬһǽҶǰ
ৣ
籩ԵܣҶȲòڷ籩֮Уûлᣬѽʱӳշ籩
ô۵ǹ⡭
Ȼ޷ߣֻܼ£
Ȼ䣬գǴߵ񷽵ѴȻֳһ飬ÿһ飬һƬҹյǺӡ
Ŀҫۣ˺£Ȼء
ʲôѡȻɽǿն˺ѣиӸ߿׹
һĻҶȲ֪Ϊ칬ñӻ졣
ֻһǺƬտʼֻаƴСܿԽԽ󣬷·һƬ½СȻֱѣ죬ǺƬ˺顣
ҶѾǺƬɽ֮ʵڵʣƬռ䣬һЩСǣѲ˺飬ΪС飬Ȼ׹
ѵȻɽ˼̵ʣ˺ѣ
ѾԽҶļޣδţ
ȻҲֻȻԵеù̵ɽ硭ôСôı΢
żɵ֮ģҶѾ˵ߣϧ˫ȲָӣҲ·Ϣһ㡣
ͻͻͻ
ԼϰٿǺƬʵʵҶȵ֮УǹʧϸһǺƬһһǿա
˺ѣоǿݶǺգǱ˺飬ΪʵʣִŲʯǣһɽ磬Ҳᱻҵ÷顣
ôκγۣڣҲֲѵ
ô죿
ף
Ѿʧȥ侲ҶȣȻ£Ҳ޷ΪͻȻ۾һϲطշ籩Ȼպ׹ǺƬ໥ĦƬǺƬպҶλÿʼ΢΢ƫơ
ĻǺƬգҶȾûв


1054 
ȻɽǺƬֻһС飬԰Ҷҳ࣡
ৡৡ
һСһǺƬϴ׹ƾ׹ǣתڣԲͬٶȡ̬׹գ
ˣ籩ܵѹԽԽֲҶڵķ籩У˲ᣬȻƷз籩ϮƵҶգϵˣҶӵ̫һһ
ѱ壬Ϊˣܵش
籩ְԵ޴ڣ֮ǰִߣڷ籩УܱҶȻҪң
ҶȾĺеһŴǰѸأѾźˮߡ

־ʮ֮Ҷһ罩ʬޱ飬֮ͫУһȼյĻ棬
ȼŵĻ棬Ǽٱ˺ѵǺƬ
һǺƬ
Ϊٶ̫ˣĦǺƬܻ棬÷籩ƺҲȼգ׹ȼǺƬôȻգҶǰĦա
׹޾²ɽգ
䡫
ңǺƬûдҶڵշ籩׹䣡
һǺƬԨշ籩ĦɽХͬȺħ衢޿񱩡ڣ÷籩Ҷ໥Ħպڷ籩еҶȣӭ˿ڵĸָ
꣡
ͱڷ籩Ӿ磬ǿʢؼּһһˣҶһʱо̹ǣһʱ̣ԪҪȼ
ͣ
ŷ籩ǺƬ£շ籩Ӻ嫣ӣȥȥΣҶ޷ֵȻƣܵشһѪ

һǺƬ
֮зתȼŻ棬ֱҶǰڵ֮УһƬҶϢļƻ

ţǺƬͻͻͻ
䣡
һνһΣҶƼأûΣգǸо·գ·ҪƵģһۣЩµǺƬеڸǵͼϣֱӰײ顣
еʯ磬ɾ춯ص춯
Ҫ֪ңԶ·УҶȲ鶼Ȼ޷
ҶȻǵһ֤˲˼ĳɽ٣Ҳʯ٣Ǳ콵ǺƬֵһᡣ
࣬Զŵ֮δϵ׷Ѱɽ磡
ΪĲǣܶԿǰ֮
粻Կࡢﶼ˶֮£Ūüʧ
棬С
죬ǰ죬

һһǺƬϾշ籩ΧɽԨֱһյĻۣǺƬʧˡ
ҶȲ˲麹񷣬·һѷ죬ѷڻʧ
׹ǺƬѷʧȥĲ֡
ɽ羹֮£˺һӣ
ʧǺƬɽԨһжѹȥշ籩ڼǺƬĦĻۣҲ𽥵ʧȥ󣬶أָԭеİղ֮Ļڻȥ
оԵһ⣡
ܷ籩ʧ֮ٵѹ𽥼صغһ˲ͷ亹һ亹һģ֫ڿʼ¶ȣ
׽
ǺƬʧշ籩ҲʧûҶȻһʥ˫ۣźɽ
һƳѼ칬ִߣץסᣬлշ籩Χ׷½ض籩ɢƺ籩ҲҪʧռָš
Χɱ׽Ҫûᣡ
һȺ桢Ӭӡ
ԸӦһҶɫ˲ˣڹǧ칬ִУǿ߾Ȼʮ𣬸˵ڡڳۡ
֮೬ۣһУ籩ӿƣ½첻ҶȻ׽նɱ칬ưڸݡ
ݺһ䣬˲Ͼɫ
籩ǺƬӰ죬ܵشһǰ㣬ݴʱ״ҲΪ
ȫʤʱڣ޷Կڣ
ʱ⸱״̬˵ڣҲ׶ԸһЩԲǿߣҲ
һˮ˶ܴһӣ
Сǧ׼ŷ籩δʧȥ򡭡
ղòѡǱһ·Һȫ߶Сǧ籩ڻкܴ
СǧƺҲһɾҶڴοҶȣ磬ģСǧ飬ҲЩϣСආµģһԴ뿪
ã
ҶȻȻһЦԱ칬ִߣʼ߶ȫ֮УӰŹ¼ŵշ籩ڶ
Χ
ǧִɵΧɱȻγɣԴǰһ·׷ɱİ꣬ʮǿߣγ޵֮ƣٷҶȡ
գ۹κһִߣɱҶڵӪ֮У
ȿȡ
ۿЩִߣҪҶȳ֮ʣҶҲ׼ȫŷ籩ߣȻһ顢˻ƵĿͻأشմݶ
ʱ칬ִҶ˫Ѱ֮Դͷ
ϢЩ칬ִ߱飬Ӧò칬ǿߡѵƬգĳһλǿߣǱ޲ɣ
ΪҶʲôʱ߶Сǧ籩ͻȻһҲ֣óȻ˭֪ᷢЩ޷ԤϵΣա
ˡˡ
칬ҶҷգٿȻһɹɵĽݺ֮ͬ۷մ
ŨҵĽ
Ҷɫ˲䣬һƳ칬и֣ɫѿƺ֪ˣ칬һǿߣ
ٿ
ͻȻҶڴսǿ֮ʱڷӡһȻҶѹƣƳһķӡĽ
ǡǡͥĽ
Ҷһ𾪣ͫ޷ݵĿ⣬ɷӡڶϻ£ӽнӹĽҶնͷ­λصӡ
ͬҶڳͷ֮磬õȵֵͥϿɣõͥзߵ֧֣һݻٳͷ֮磬Ӫȳķߡ
֮£뽣׵ˣˣӵУҶĿɿڴ⾪ϲؿգĽգȻ㣡û뵽ʱ˿̣Ȼ㣡
յĽߣδǽĽҶǿƽӡ֤ǽԽյ
ͥ䣬
¸֣ҶƯǰĽϻ¼֮󣬽㱻칬ִǿ׷ɱȫǳۣնɱǧǿߡ
ã
칬һʮڷ·Ҳ׽ʲôһֳּĹϽ
ֵּĽǿ˲ɫ·֪ˣ칬ͨϣһλĴڡ
ǧ˫۾գ𾪱Ϊɵǿ־дŲ
ԩҲͷҵѣһ֣
һɣ֮Уˮ
ûһ˿âȴִߣ


1055 ӢӢ

һ仰ҶΪ֮һ
ڳͷ֮磬з߲ԺηһȴϺԿ칬ִߡ
зߣͬһӪ
ݰݣݴȣ͸ӿһˣ飡
ӣӣӣ
ˣ
칬Ӫһǧִߣȫˣ
֮ǰΧɱҶȣһĵƣ˲˵Ƶģʥ칬𶯡
δǾŵš
ʮǿʱתִǱʥ칬ҿڵһۣûȥҶȣͬһȺɥ֮Ȯ
ٷǵϣĥǻʹȥΪǲһɱˣҲħǹ֣
ٿٿٿ
һˣһԽֳһű˪꣬üɣûЩܵɷǣոԶлԶˣ糾͡

ոֱ㻺ӶָʳָӳһǱʥ칬ִߣһ
ٿͣ
ƿն̵վȻ𶯡
ʱ˿̣ƿյĳҶȸо֮ǰǺƬյģУ
칬壡
ӣӵù
칬ִߺڽǿǰ߻ᣬΨһǾȻ߶ʥ칬Ϊһ޴̵Ľɫ칬С
͡
շ籩޴ɫ칬
ֻһöиصգȻɫ칬ʱһΪǧ칬ִ칬п˲ͱûΪѪ
һһʱ䶼칬ִ߲ڡڻڣͨͨ˲Ϣ
칬ճ١
ǽʵʵڶϻ£Ҳֻȥ칬ǿҲ޷
ۼ֤һ·׷ɱԼִߣ߲һУ׷䣬ʱָд
ǿ칬أСϮͷ׷Ŷл
ǾѪѪû°ɣ
ݲȴշӶѹƣûһ˿ã֮Уƽأڡ
ķû뵽־뻷£һμ档
ҶҲԦӭȥ򽣱ȭӦСһ׮лֳȣСܸм
ҶȴʱһɣΧ籩ȻδʧѶˣһ˿Ӱ죺ֵܣڳͷ֮ȶٷߣҵѣ֮£ʲô
ȥˣҶȵӦһ䡣
칬ǿߣþͻҵˣδָǱ鷳뿪߱ģ
ã
ܵϢԼ״磬κԸҶĶ޷һĨǱʶͬһС
΢΢һЦһ˲仯Ϊһ󷨶ڵһһȫʼԲ˼ٶմȥ˲ϢʧƬա
ôﵽ黯ʵĵز
Ҷȼٲ˼ĴڣǶڽһʩչľֶΣе𺳣Žȼо鵽ʵڻ޷ﵽĳ̶ȣ
֣ϴζϻһĪǵʱδָ
۲һ֮ҶȲ뵽֮ǰһ仰ĵʵ
ʱһ䣬Ҷ֮ʯ棬һ̳Ŵ֪жʷ
һһ¸е˵칬Ϊжд̣ҵҲһ޲ó֮죬ɳٵǿߣ޽֮أ׷ɱǧ꣬ǶֵܴۣãȻδȬҲûʲôˣ
칬ĸ֣ڡڡ޽֮սǧ꣬־ĶǵĴ£ŽЦ·һƽС¡
𺳣𺳾ǶԽ
Ҷ׶ƷζƣȻ֮ͷһɹůҶȱоһ֮뾫֮УƮƮģƿʼϡ
ݸӦҶʣƬգĪһֱ⸽Ǳޣ
¾Ʊ޽֮رչأҲ˶֮ĸ뿴֮Ƿ˺·ɽ򣬽˭룬ֵ칬׷ɱ֮УԺֵܿҪСǣĿǰΪûǲҪǿĺãһڵǿߣȥηûô
˵һ仰·ܲͬҶһ칬档
ҶȼΪεҡҡͷԸΥʱ򡭡Ҳ룬Ҳòȥˣͷ֮ӳǣǶΣ
ǶڻָΪ֯зߣ׼һ̶ȣٴ칬֣Ӣۣн뻢Ѩˣ
뻢Ѩɵûӣ֣ӢۣĴ£Ϊ칬еģΪǿһ
ڽ£ҶԵøǫ顣
ͷ֮£ҶҲñ𽣣ˣ칬ôһȣʲô
ӢۣҲǣ
Ҷһý˼֮Уƺһƣ쿪ڣӢ̫࣬ӢۣȴûмҾӢֻۣҵֵܣ
ȷشӢҶʮͬӦ
ҵֵܣΪͥĴͥ룬âųɳӳ壬ȴֵܣһ¡ͷ֮磬ֵͥȥӪȣɱϷ֪ͥȫֵܣҲȲ
ǡԸһȥҲͥˣΪװɥ
̫࣬ʹ̫࣬ʹ࣬ȥҲǶõĽѣҴִҲҲûǰĴݣѡһ˹¶ȥ
һ̣Ҷȼд˻ĶԻ֮ڽУһȦ⣬һƾƣ޾˼ȥ
ȻҶȣζ˵ӢۣԸӢۣҲϣҵֵܣҵĽ¡

ҶȵһڳվΪƣȻٱӢۣͥһƷ칬־Ӣۣ棡
棡
ȻߺһҶ˲һȹⱭоơ
һ̣Ҷⲻ䣬ֽ۽ǵ⣬ɼǶô˼Ѫжˡ
ӢۣҲᣡ
ٴ£±仯ǧͥһ·֤֣δĲԶϣվЦ񷡭
ǻҪ֤칬һ죡Ҷȵͷкܶ⣬ӽ֪𰸣ͥڽ
ʱҶȾòʱ̡
Լ֮󣬽ȻվΧڵһʿʼ黯Ҷȵ֣Ǿڴ˷ֱɣ￿ɽ磬ҵı֮У̫ܳʱ䣡
ʹ˷ֱɣŲãǱٴǣգҶ֪ԭǷ
ﵽֵزţ
ʱ˵壬ֵܣ
Ȼ˸о̤ʵڣؾڡ
̴棬ˣȴѻΪһ裬ɽ֮ϣǿ磬޽֮أ
ھǿǰҪϢ治ףϢ
ŽȥҶȸоڽĽӡٴΰɵֶۡǿߣƾһϢ˲䲶׽һ˵Ĵڡ
Ҷ֪޽֮سѵʱǱ֮⣬һԭ򣬾Ϊڣӵ뽣ͬĽ
ء
ԼʮϤմ޵ĽҶȾͼ޴վϲҶҲӭȥһͬԶɽ嫵Ľ硣


1056 ӡ

ǻˡʱ䣬Ħ޴½񣬵ڣѾȥꡭ
գһââһҶȾʹзӶΧŵպ
칬׷ɱʱҶеһůٷֶڣҶ򻺻롣
ֽ磡
ҶʦƽλʦµĴ󹦣ǿҪúøʦһ
֮ĸ߿գξԴŹŽʮλ߲㣬ڵȺҶ˻ڲš
Ž治Ǳڷӡ֮ǸǱģڻָǿߵƣʮ֮УǿģξҲҪϼ֡
λʦ֡ʦ㣡
˰㹦һӰʹͨǷ糾͹Ҷȣգʩ
ʦܣʦִʦܡʦã˵ллΪ״ӣһʸϡʵǳǿĹŽ棬һӭҶȡ
ԵλܸߵĹŽ棬ӭӣ֣ҶҲóηӡ֮أڹŽжӰ죬ˣЦʦ̫֣
úãæȥʦҲúʦܣŽ漸룬ҶʢȴȻŽż߲㣬ȥ
ʱֻʣξλ߲㣬ǳִۣͨߣξλֶԹһȻҶȣʦܣΪ¼ιͣŻάһƷʯΪҪǣŻԴۣ
ҶȭΪЧΪӣҸģ
ôˣȥ׼ɣ
ξת߲ͷһһ뿪ξܣŷ˵ϫʦáʦã⼸䣬ۣʦҲ׼ɽ٣ҲڼǧڣͻƳۣ㵢ʱ䣬飬Żʱ䣬úУ׼ͻƳۣ
Ҷһϲ¶üңʣʦ㣬ʦϢʦܿǧ䣬ۣ
ģʦԻΪѰͻƳ۵ԴҼУʦҲΪ׼Դȴǵ뿪ȥΪѰԴ⻹Ŵδй飬٣ͬһ㣡
ʦ棬֪ʦҪԴһ㣡
Ѿᣬмʮλţ첻֮ڷӡ֮أ󲿷ֶѻָʦܣͨҲʶˣŴǴ֮ϣ֮䣬Ҫ״ֹۣϺƽʱ
ʦ˵ʦʦְɣ
Ǹˣ֪˵ʲôϫʦý֮ʱ䣬벻ٸ߲㡢ССΪƵǽҲڰзչҲţ˵½ʦãҪ½ͬˣ
ϫʦǶ¡
ѩ𣬵Ҳţɽ磬֮ѩžӪչڼ䲻֪жٴγͻССڷӡ֮أΣͷǶ˻ǾϺǰӣ໥ԸǿУ
ﶼУʦ˼۹ǰԶЩҪƽʱĳ̣ҪŸȥҲҪŴΪأ
һ֮ͨұ˵ЩΪϾҪ̤ǿ磬Ÿ߲㣬һ棬ǽƽϣǲ죬ôŷģ
лʦ㣡
ˣᱻ˶ã˶ŭԲȥϢɣҲҪ׼ԺҪʼһЩ
һĳ˵ξѰҶȵֶһӡ
ʦ㣬ЩʱʦܱȥѰԴʱ޷ʱ䣡ξ񽻴СС֮ȥҶǰһ˵
Żܴռ䣬ɽᣬηӡ֮¼Ҫһʱѹ
ξ˫ü΢΢һƳ̺һĨתֽ磡
ҶĿȥֱʧֽ磬ҶȲŽͨ죡
ϫӡһһۡҲŬС
ƺѿɼ죬ϲ£һ˼
ηӡ֮񣬱仯̫̺࣬һδβأЩǬҲֶ켸ٱӣ¶Ӷˡ
Ǭв׶Σ칬ҲСվһԿڣû뵽صֶ죬էȻ֪ϫӡӽۡ
̶̼꣬·˷ǣ
Ҳ֪ħһħ
񣬻صֶ죬ҶȻҪķ棬뵽ħԽԽԤϣо΢΢

ͨ߳ǰ죬΢΢ͷһƣӶ𣬱붴С
ˣ
ոշ磬գһӰӭҶȣûжǿҵԣֻƽġ
纡
ڣҶȼӰ¶һȻЦݣ纺һ󣬱һͬɽ۹оգЩǬ
纺ûȥƺ֪ҶȻоյػ쵽ʱȻͫһ⣺ʱ򣬾ǰãھϣܴ仯
顢ʥҶȵһӦǾ㵣Ȼ
һֱھг˯ԣѪʱʱڷڣƺھԾĲִУ
ǽȥ
ҶȲǣ纺ϷɳһöϵĽɫָָոո֣˾ͷУָ򻺻򹬵򣬻ΪΡ
ǿҵԣ
գۣ˳ھռ䣡
ǰһӡУŶʮˣĹԣȻȼգػǵüĴ
Ҷܵ𺳣ĿھüĴǵüģһȼյĽɫԲӡ
ӡվеԣоռ·ǾԴȪ
ղ֮ӡ΢΢˸Ŀ⣬ÿһ棬һɱ¾սӡǣӡһһγһӡսףӡս׵ģüĴӡ
ӡսףȫþɣᷨӡ֪ิӣֻоӡսס
ս⣬ڱߣͷɱսϢϢս֮Уͷš
ӡУ̫ˣоʥڵʵҪﵽڡ
𾪻𾪣ھ壬Ҷ֪һо仯û뵽һȻ٣壬ǵԣڴ
ӡһӵɱսϢףȥһˣս޲ʤ
Ҷһķ뷽ʥ飬ǿ˱ԴУ
ۣ˵ˣǵ崫УڻӡΪӡǾˣǿľȻֻǿһӡһͷžӡս޲ʤ
ӡ

һİ֣ҶȻһ֪һ忪ӡõԴڻָݣɽ磬޵еĴڡ
̫ˣ˾ҶǶǿ֧Ԯ
û뵽һ죬ܼʶ˹ϵĴС
纺ҲǾƶھ壬ҲֻţҶһΪصľӡ
ǼӽԺ󣬱Ըһͬս
Ҷȶһ⣬õУջ


1057 ūɱ
纣ҾܿȥѰСǧ𣬵ҽۣʱԺʱʱ̸̿ߣ
ռ̳Կռ䣬·Ҷ纺ĺ԰κ˺ɶ
ã
纺⺬ЦӦ
֮ԭҶȾһֱţҪ纺޾ǵȥֻ纺ھ
ڴ£ҶһֱźǸ⣬Ȼһֱδ˵ȴţɽ粽죬һ볬ۣҶţڣҲ
ɽӴˣһ޷硣
һЩʱ纺뿪ȥϿռ֮ģܣҶʩչͷ̫¯
칬־ݺᣬǺƬ׹䣬ɵƻȻδȫָ
̫¯ȼգԣҶȷֳ纺壬Ҳ޷ֱҪ̫¯Ȼա
˾޷ԣ
޷ıʵ
ͻɵ۰˽ףԦΧ棬Ѵﵽӽڵĸ߶ȣѳԽڣסһڣҲ޷ѳȥ
ˣû£ϸⶼܵҲĲ١
ʼ̫¯еȻóͥõĲϹõٹʼãвɽõĽҲ̺ٵó
֮ǰӸõıһֱûжã˵òϣһˣʣµıÿϡ
ڿ԰ؽõļʮʬ壬һһ顭
ջָʱҶһһʬͷɳϢǰؽȡıʬ塣
ɽ֮ǰҶҪƽǿ˵ѣھͲһŵǿߣҲ潻֣ʬ͸Ӳڻ¡
ʮʬ壬ԸҶṩ
ƣ
ʬƯڰգֻҶָһץһָӡԵسʬӿȥ
飡
һָӡҶǿ״̬ͷųÿһָӡʬϣ𶯡
ʬ֮УķϢҶȲżԿڶɵ۰˽׵˵ȻѶȡ
һָƣһ湥ʬԼ죬Űʬ飬۵ѪҶ¶̰ɫʬ壬Ҷ˵һѴ͡
˻˻
ֱָץʬͷ߶һѪͨģӿȫ֮С

յڳ۵ľѪʱһѪ㿪ʼ·𳬼۾Ѫǻ棬ȼѪʼڣҶڱϢ
ĸоһůͣ
ҶȾճ۾Ѫһ̫¯ԶȼգҶȽǿʱԴԶݽߡ
ǧȥ
ҶξճָʵճʮֵģҲó˴õ䡣
ƻָ߰˰ˡȥѰСǧԽԽˡһҪһʱ䣬Ʋܴﵽ۷壡
ʱҶȸо״̬ǳ㣬ﵽ۷壬Ҫһʱ䣬Ҷȱһգۡ
ಣ
˱۵ūʱվҶǰ
ūҿǸѰöˣ
һץһޱȵĹǽڣÿһɶ೤ÿһǽϵĹжκη飡
ūûжʶǻǸܵõҶȵƱ仯ʱ΢΢գգۣ
𣡡
˸ǽڵǰˣ㼯һҶһݣһɹŹǽǰˣȼ

ȼ֮ʱҶȺȻץˮŰ˸ǽǰˣйɻӳ£Ȼպˮ
˸ǽڣʶγ֮ռһʵ壬ͷǳӲﵽڸ߶ȣҶĿǰΪ𣬰ѹǽȼڻǲܣҪʱ䣬Ҷȸо¡
ңңڣ
ôֻ취ǽǰ˲֣һҲǽڣգû޼᲻ݵˮƳߴ硣
֨֨
ʱһ㣡
Լȼռǧ꣬˸ǽǰ˲֣Żش֨֨رըֻ˸ǽǰ˱ˮƵĲ֣ʼ飬ҶץסᣬͷŸǿʢĻ棬ںϻ֮С
꣬꣡
𣬿ʼһĹǽڣ֮Ĺǽڿʼı塣
ɳ
ҶһʹӴ޽䣬ɳصĴɳӿΧǽ֮С
ĹǽڣܲסȼգڿʼڻɳںϣΪһɹɫǹѪǣȻ󻺻һЩδڻĹʼ໥ڡ
ڣ˸ǽǰˣΪԼһ׵ѪɫİԵŽǽںȻԭⲻͬǰȴҶΪǵ
ū
δٻūʩչײı䵶ūϰӡǰ˱ۿʼͷһѪ
ಣ
˸ǽĩһһƯڵū˱ԱߣҶȵһӡū˱ۿʼΪѪɫհ˸ǽĩˣǽŵūֱۻΪѪˮѪˮĹùǽٴͷѪ
Ҫһ𳬼ľѪϣõūںϰ˸ǽڡ
ǰ߶Ҷڼʮ߳ʬУҵһһѪüΪҵʬ壬һҲ΢
Ҷȿʼʩչָӡ󷨣ҶȻָòָ࣬ӡʮֲֿʬڼʮ꣬ͱҶȳƽ⣬ȻʬеľѪ˲뵶ūڡ
ūǵ飬ӡ֮صԹ飬к֮ܶС
ԵūվѪ֮󣬱ħһ񱩣ͬںһֵĹǽڣʼԶذڶѪϵӿǽ֮С
ԭֻǸɿݵļӲյūľѪ֮󣬱Ѫڡ
Ҫˣ
ҶҪģǸūںϰ˸ǽڣ
ƻָ̫࣬¯ڵҲﵽʮԲյ㹻ˣ
һҶЦݣȻʼֹͣںϣֿʼʩչײӡūںϹǽڡ
ʱūǰģİֱֻۣӵеǳɣ˸ޱȵѪֱֱۣ۵ǰˣں˴ɳķǵ
˷·Ϊ
ڣūɱˣںӲĹ壡
ҶȴһΪ⣬ۣϸϸںϣõūʵ
ӻ֣õūȥнײҶȸоһִﵽ۷ڣȥԣ纺һһ˱뿪˾䡣
֮⣡
ʱڱ˵أҶ˵һۣͻһ顣
뿪죬ҶȾ׼öԷ򣬿գ΢΢ӦһࡢʶӦ뿪ɽȥˡ
ԭڳѰҴǧͼ֮ǰࡢ棬ϧϢ
ɾ硢ĪȻȵҲ뿪ɽȥС³ʥģԼˣ
ҶҲӦһɽ磬Ϣڣɵһ̾
Խߣ͸оһж˳֮ƣеֻ˳ƣеҪȥ棬˶Լĵ·ҶףȥǿиıǵˣǵˣԼȥҡ
淴˵顣
˼һ֮ҶȱٷŶɽա


1058 ǼʵĹ
ɳɽ磬޾գҶ𣬱칬׷ɱ龰
ͷȴǸдһ㡣
磡
Ҷȴ磬ɽ磬뺮գСǧ㻯ΪΣҶߡ
ĿǶȡСǧһõҶȱκǿɽ硣
ְСǧԿϣһ£ʵЩ꣬ɸܵϢ
Сǧҧ촽ʧصһ˿˿ĸӦ϶޷ҲСǧԽ𣬸ӦŻУ
ȳ
ҶһƳСǧСǧһӡһҶȣವһ£޾գ
СǧУСǧվԱߣպҶȲߣɰཿҶȴڣٻؽɴ۱УõǿѪ顣
֣ͥõһʧȥģں֮ںһ˿˿ϢȻǿңӦѪиӦǣ
ӲѪƵѪ飬ɴۣʱգдһһֻèʮǿĺϣġ
Уɴϡ
Ѫ飬Ǻ֮ıҶȾȻںϢ󣬻޷Ӧ
ֻһͣӡӡţֻʩߣ֮ͬԴиӦ
ˣҲ޷ƽ⡣
籾ںߣſʹã
СǧԹ˵磬÷ӡ飬ǻδﵽʱգӵߣӦǣ
šԷȻһСӡȴܵǸӣҲʱգвǿߣҵ׼üӦ԰취Ǵ򽻵ȻӲӲɴҲУ߲УôһУҲҷǣ
Сǧѣɫ˼⣬뷨ԺиӦ԰취ϲ߾ӵϢȥƭԷ
ҸڣһżȻһ˵Ľʡ
Ȼ󣬵õǧͼˣǣ£ȻȻ͵õˡ
ȫòӲؼҶҲӲֱˡ
ݳƴӶ˽⵽ɴȥѰʱ;մ籩ǴʱգѰĵطɽ޾֮У
һӡһӡӡڣգΧһ·ѾԶɽ磬ȥշλɽն
ɽ֮󣬲ָ磬ʱգǰգ˶޷ȥɽÿһգ֪ɽжô䡣
Ҷֻܴȷ룬ҪɴѰ·Сǰ
ɴǱմ籩ƵǴʱգշ籩һķ籩Ҳɵ۶޷նɱеķ籩նɱڣΪȻļɵܵȻ
ɽգǿ߶޷ݺ޼ɡ
䡭¡
ҶϼԶɽ磬գԭžգͻȻǰһƬɽУһұը
ಣ
ţһȺȺǱһƳɽ磬ӳգǸոսգǾܵѹƣٶɽ֮Уȫһ죬һء
صɽ磬ϧɱһƬɷˣУһɺǷʮ־޴οɽͨɺǷϸһȴһҹϵԶս
ԶսϹУʮַҪ뿪ɽ磬գǼԦԶսա
ԶսװӲڡԼһЩ󷨣ʮ־ˣƶɣӵղѹƵܣԶսһʱ
ǵһμԶս
ҶȷٶȣСǧڣʵԦԷǰɱ¾ս
ϸһԶսŷսȻа֣ʮֹϣһЩϵĴ󴬲࣬дοҲƺľʣӴ
һЩգһ׺ΪǼʵĹߣЩĹߣǵĹҲգɽ磬ɱԽȻпֶΣգΪһ
ԶսһȺɷˣգϵһҶȺȻһЩ־ϼ¼ţɽһЩգǼʵĹߡ
ǼʵĹҲиˣ඼еﵽŵˣࡣ
ﻹһ©֮㣬ɱ׽ȻֵǻϣЩӲǵƣ
ʱƺҶ޷Ԥ֪£ںգһƬʯУɳԶսΪɱݺᣬֱӳսٷȥٶȿɽеٶȣգٶȣҲȲԶս
Ҷãóȥսֱ߸߶ϡ
Զս֮ϣǧ֮࣬һǧˣΪ׳ۣԶսٶȣȻҶǰһ
ԶսٶȣſȿռŲơЩǼʵĹߣȻûзӳԶսٶȣⱦﲻȥ磬СǧĲСѰһԶս߶ԶսٶȻСǧȴʡʡǸãҲΪɵһ
Էתð룬ǺҶԸıòֱƯգԶս
С˼ս
Զս׺ĹߣҶȾȻߣʱЦ
һȺආ
ǼʵĹΣһŪĲðȻʵҲҶδͻɵ֮ǰɵЩĹߡ
ڣ٣٣˵ʮָͷһָͷҲնɱеĹߣٲǰǿֻԼƲȥƽ⣬ֱһС
£үүҲ
ԶսڱƽҶֻǧ֮ңƣսϵĵĹߣŸҶȽ
ײ
Ҷȶˣ
ֱӳ֣Ǵ߶ײʱһӡҶǰһܡ
˲ߣֻǸ࣬ûһ˿˲ϰ֮Ŀܡ
ڿϣֽףҶǰʩչĽۿܣ
ԶսϵĵĹߣһϼ޻ϰĽ׿ܣʱȻŭãҪɱ
ಣ
һٶ׿ٶȸ죬ǾȻˣܵѹƣٶȣڣԶսٶȲ࣬ҪռϷ磬Զս߶٣мһ̡
ۿܲԽײҶҲյԣЩ׿ܣ໥ġ
ٶȻԽࡣ
գ֮䣬׿ܾͺֱײԶսɱУ
ʲôⰡ

һʱ䣬ԶսĹʹࡢĺС
Ҷ˫ָԶս
ЩĵĹߣ޷ȥעҶȣǱ׿ܣɱֲ׿һУ
ңǾǣ׿ÿɱһˣ˲ʬɸʬսװϣһƬʬ
ΪҶƽ׿ܷӡ֮ʱʩչӡһ׿ܲɱˣһĹߵڿڵķӡ֮С
ö֣
һҶȾͿԵõ


1059 ׷Ƿɽ
ҶͥŲԶսϷȥǼʵĹȫǽ׿֣ܶɱöף˿ʼӳս
ЩĹߣΪɵ۰˽׵ʮףڳҲкüڵĹָӶս
׿ʵﵽ۷壬һɱĹ߱ȥһƬʬ򱻽׿ľɸʬ
ЩĹߣʼһЩգĴĹˣγɱ飬ͳͳ
ɱ¾棬ҶȴɫԣѪʬҾ徵ĽδҶ˿ݡ

ǧǼʵĹߣŰ㹦ѣ˴룬ʣ¼ˣǼڳ۸Ϊʩչ
ڣſǿ׿ܣ濹⣬Ҳƣ׿ûһ˿ʶֻɱ¾Ҷȵĺ
ˣѵõڸ֣ȻˣҾһ·ΪҵūԸ񣿡
ҶȾӸ£ؽϿգüͷһչһٶ׿뿪֣ͣҶĮ˵һ
ƣȫֻһ䣬ŲںЩ
Զսϵ֣类׿˵ҲϿǿߣգ֮䣬ǻΪʬ
ǶǼʹһϷֿҶȳ
⻹ɱʣĵĹߣǲл·
𳬼۵ĹߣΪôᣬû뵽Ҷ仰һķ·˱

ʣ༸ٵĹߣŵøȫ
λģһʱѣͳͳҶȹ¿ͷŹǣԸΪūˣŹǣֻһ
Ǹ
ҶɫԽĮ
ͣ
ʱԥĸ֣ڳˣһٶ׿ܰΧ£ǹ϶˳֣һȥǼȥ
ʵնɱЩɵۣ̫ס
ײУɱ࣬ɱҲЩĹߣ·ʱ뵽һ·ôҲ뵽ֽԼС
һ޷֮
ǵ졭
Ҷȴ䳰ȷӰԶսװϣߴպһҶȵʲ£һٶ׿ܣҳϵʿΧŹһӳĵĹߡ
꣡
Ҷֻһݣһ˲Զսǧʬϡ
֨֨
һöȼ֮󣬸ʬΪ˳ս֮ϣøɸɾһˣֻһ׿ܡ
ˣ
Լ칦մԼѪǿߣޱȾη뾪Ҷ·װ¡
ҶȵЦԺ͸ΪҼԦԶսĺãлָĲãǻΪЩһ
ǣˣСԶΪЧңŵõȫ
Ӹ£ֻһɨһɹɷӡУҶʵǰǷսôһ£Щ׷ɱ֮УЩɽŵӣڣ
˵ĻЩӦˡ룬ӪĹԼҪϧǳһţĿһУߵĵΧɱ֮У
ߣ
ˣƬգΨһĵĹ֮ϣҲǿ߲ҪõĹҲҪõӵеĹ׷Ƿɽ
Ϊһһ͸ҵﳬһɣڣ
һ֮Ҷüңɻ֮ɫ
Σ
ֶһɽ糬һɣɽ罻֮ϣҶֶݣڴٽҲλţһλΪߣһλͻͬͥ
ԶڣҶһҲİ
˵ǼʵĹûΪݵ㣬òͷۣҲȥ볬һɶɣ
ˣ׷ǷɽƬɽ磬źܾúܹϵĴ˵׷ǷɽһϹǿߡ׷ɻʡµģһλڵǿߣ
˵׷Ƿɽһһ˭ܵõ׷Ƿɽܽ׷ɻµ׷ǵõһУ
ĵĹߣڼʮڣõ׷Ƿɽ֪ҲһǰãͻϮõ׷ǷɽҲץסĹ
ǻߴʱᵽͨ׷ǷɽڸӦ׷Ƿɽ֮ڣ
ĹеΪҶƿصūȿֺҶȵһƬľܡ
ǿߡ
׷ɻʣ
ڵĵ
ĸǿ˵Ĵڣ˵ЩĹеɵۣڣڣζõ
һɴ۵ĵһĿȻˡ
˵࣬ҶȲŻȻףΪһĹߣȻ볬һŶۣȻھ޴棬Ĺĸڡ
ҺδĿʾˡ
˿ֹ̣ڼװϣͷƺڵȴҶҶԽǳĬԽ
Ҷһɨˣоһֹ˼ȻְΪ¿󹦣ȻʦһϽһ㣬ҲֻᷢƢɣżǿвٵľǸ׷ɻʣϹŵĴڣôӦ÷ǳмֵ
˼ȥҶȴһţ׷ɻʵⳡ֮սС
ʵ¶ģԶսһѾϽ
Ҷ˸Ŀ⣬һһ֣Ĺվ޷ҶȵҶһЦܺãǾͺúЧڱӴҾһĹߣǴӴҲƺΪˡ
˶ʱҶȹμˣ
֮ǰߣǺҲΪΣһһҶȸˣŭȻ׷һ
˵Ļ
һλˣ߳ƳһЩƵĺڰߣΪҲﵽԲΪĽӡһʮǰͽ۵ĴڣΪѾﵽڣڶʮǰа̡֮ĵӣʵǳǿߴӵ취Բ֮ѹȣʮ꣬ƬΪߵλδҡ
ҶĿһݣ˲ŵüҶڨڨЦЦʵһķ
ŵϻش𣺡ǵģĽܳΪƬĵĹ֮δвһһɵɸ֣Ҳû취׷ǷɽճƱҪõзɽ
ڿɷ֪ĽУ׷Ƿɽ
ǰ֪ͻϮĽӵõѷɽڵĸֵ֪ڣӵѷɽţĵӣڰжƺҪĽ֣
ܺãǶʵȻʵͻΪЩܣڰԶսбռҪˣۣκһͷҵ֮У
ˣСĲң
һŵúëֱɢֳһ飬˽Ҷڵս֮ڣ˷ֱȥս
ɵڣȽɣֶȽ˵һӣΪŽùϵҲΪţһ󹦣ҵʱ䣬ʦҲ޻˵ɣ
Ҫᱦ
֮ǰӣǶᱦ侲ݹ۴ƣȻֱҪڴ򽻵ǼȿԵõôֿΪ£ϵ
ȫ˵һ˫Ӯĺ¡


1060 Զս
Լ֮
ಣ
һһץһӡսװ壡
ͷŷӡֳıҶȶΪ֮һֻʯʯɽ챦
ȻˣǴ඼ǺѰıӦɵڳʹõıϾЩĹߣҲֻӶʵ˱
ҲһЩı
вԼٹϵıһЩصı
ҶָЩʵӦòɱԽİɣ
һ߳ˣЩС⼸ǧڼƫƧɽ֮УһЩĹھģʲôӲ˵Ļ۽𾦣
ƽʱɱԽһͿ̿Һ֣ռô౦ΪβĽӣ˽̣
Ľٺܹأͨûй̶ֻһЩʱٻȥͬۻᣬƽʱԼǧ꣬ǣʹ߳棬ĽӴĺΪҲ̫ǿв³Ȼɼ
˵ǻеǸŴˣҲʲôΪĽ߿ɻи֣
ʮ𳬼ʹߣҲ׵ˣЩΪﵽԲĴڣټĽӣʵһţԲƬݺ꣬ձССٵĹк֮ܶ⣬Ľһӵоսֻ֮ս඼Щ꣬ģ
ǺֶΣôԶս֮УƷõһңһɫҿϣҲ޷գֲסǿ籩
ˣĽƵԶսõһңǰһĹУǿеõģЩսϼΣҪҲʮ־ˣԶս߶Ҫʯںϣ
ǺǣԭõսĽС
üҸ־ЦݣԶսŷĺôΨһƣҪһΪݳƷ߶һΣҪǧʯʱʻû˳ܵˡ
ؼҪȥṩûԴԴҲ޷߶Զս
պҶȾǲȱʯҲкܶ࣬ؼһ棬ΪҪԴȥ߶ԶսӵĽеԶսҶȾͲСǧԴСǧΣʱ̣䲻ʤ
ٿ
ƯУսպ󷽣ͻȻһٷ
˲䣬˿ٷƿշλλɫһð麹׷׿ҶȣãĽӵٷ
ҶӼˣֻһٷҪװʲô¶δĽӵʵǿ󣬿ɱҲ
ৣ
ٷ֮Уߵâǰʱͷߵ⣬дһʮԴа
ٴӺ󷽰Χ֣ӳȥһҪͳͳȥ޻أ׽ˣūа̡ħ壡
룬ÿһ̵֣˲
ѿ⼸ˣڵĹ֮ĽӣŶĿ־壡
ҶȲΪϸϸĽӵ̺ʵȻڣڱڣҲȵһЩͨ״ӡֵӡϴа̳ԿһˣһԼԦյķԲҲΪһ֣
ˡǱлش𣡡
ͬʱҶȣŶĽӵļɵ뵨
ҶУס°ͣ룬һӣڻĽ֪ҵĴڣҵÿܷУõ׷ǷɽǵõػټǣһͬȥѰ׷ɻʵĵòҲټǣ͸ǱͻȻٵշ籩֮У
ǣ
ΧһҶΪ𣬴ӡ̺֮ԪΪٷһնȥ
ҶȺ⣬˲֣һӿǺʮǶûв˽ܺãȻ߼ʹ͸ǣĴ䣬Ҫ
л˶ͣ
̰д佻Լı׷ײٲ˽˶õһΪʱʧȥԹ˲ʧӰ١
ûϵҶ˴󷽣ȡб뵽ģҶȷÿһȻ˲
߼ʶĿʵҶȹ߶вԣ⣬ȥʮֲƭ˼ˡ
ˣзֱƷʵ
ҶֶѺõԼóȥ߼ֻǷǳһ˫¹꽣ƽ̫Զ
ֻҪԣǾ;еϵƷ
°ô౦࣬Ȼһһ޽䣬Ҷ¼װ壬˹ӭϣ׷վҶԱߣ
Ҷǿ˿Զڳս˫ɱ̫ңҶֻܶڼ˴£ʼ˽Զսϵװ
ǹֱߣԼɣսװʮڣڱ̺󷨣ֻҪȡ㹻󷨱߶һööڡ
ԴֻҪʯʯǰΪһ߶ڵսԼǧöڵʮ־˵ġ
һڵڵԷǳһöڵҲҪˣʱ䣡
ǶĽеĹߣΪսڵ
սڣ߷ս󷨣ż˴죬սߴ֮УպܹҪһ󣬰ԲΣʻҰɫ
ϸһͨͨӡһСҲһͨսе󷨡
֮ڣһռ䣬ȼżƷʯԱҲһ¯漸
һǿ߽͵ˣڼװ֮£мٷ²ɫŮҲв١Щ²ύĽӣͨͬлȡƸ֮ǰǶԼһ׳֮Уǵ߶ս
˵꣬üУɫеЦݡ
Ҷ֪뷨һ֣ʱԺ˵ڴ߶սѰգȻעĽڶ
ǣ
˹̴뿪գʣվ󣬴һⷨӡںϣֻʼȼգע֮ͬͨС
оⳡѪҺ١

ֹԶսʼ󷽻У
Ҷȿսÿһ֮ϣʮ׿ʿڱսǼǿߣҲˣʲôó
ԶսȻ棬Ҳ֪ҪƲʣʲôʡ
ȷһжԼƿ֮УҶȰʩչͨսںĽһκ˳룬ᾭҶȵĸӦ
Ȼſʼϸϸգ㣬мƽΧǹϵĸװΣΡ־̵ȵȡ
ҶһĻǰ΢΢һơɫսϣóִָƬ
˲߶̫һ
С̺һʣһյǴδй¼ġϹȻй֮
̫һں£ڵһҶȶܵоȻ͸һƯӯĿռϢȫǿռظеһ֡


1061 ˳ս
ϸϸĦԶսҶôţǲòԶǿߣôһսѶʵھˡ
ôһԶսԲһƴɣҲǳɰǧǿߣĶʹӪ죬ܵ̾Ϊֹľ屦
ϧЩԶսԪУʧøɸɾִԶսǴӹȥż֮Уġ
һң㳹һҡ
˭ӵһ֧ӴĽӣǿݺգﶼȥãӶͬʱա
ˣ
սڣ
ҶΧվż׿ܣҶȸոѹѪʱһʹһ׿ڣһžѪӡ
ЩѪǼǧĹߵ׷׷ӡڿڣҶǿ
ʱֻŻšգɫҶĽϢˣѺڴЭҴӦֺ̤ܾͬѰ׷ɻʵĵ
Ȼ
һɢҶȱۣһԾ
˵׷ǷɽǿߣĽƺй֣Ͳ֪֮Ѵɺ֣ͬһǰܾѰұĽѶ´һ·βĽӺ󷽣ȴּ
Ҷһƺ֪ĽҪζԸڣĽЭȻٱ壬
ˣô죿һʵ
Ǻǣĺѩػ˵ҲķּȻҲǵĹߣȻҪ֮ڵ£
ҶϷصЦݣüһƳ
뿪գҶ֮⣬վڸ߷֮£ԼһṦͳͳߣҶ˫ֻһӡһöֳָ״ӵֽ䡣
ֽԴӵ֮ҶȴãĻᱻֶԼϢѳΪֶΪϵʵΣա
֮Դ߶ֽ䣬ҶԱԶսָУһսѹã̫಻üԦ
ֽȴ޽ռӴٱ޽ڲƷѿﵽ״̬޷ԶսҶڵҲ޷Ȼ
ֽõѡ
ǡ
Ա֣ΪĹߣʶȻͬ죬ʱֽ䣬һ˫üһݣ·𿴳Ҷʲôݡ
ˣҵݣԺǣ
ɫ䣬ҶȻһƳӦ˫һ֣ɿֲԶսӿ
ಡ
ֽ䣬ֶƶɵĴ䣬ͬ죬˲ҶȵͨҾ޴ԶսֽС
ɲתˣץһӡʯһӡĽƶ·ߣļƻ𺽣
ǣ
˹תգȻվҶҶսǰװϣǰķգԸܵյĺ͸ս󷨶
ৡ
ս
һ󷨿ʼ˶ڴڣԼͨӿУԶս·֮УǰС
ʼֻ΢΢һȻƸɽˮԽԽ죬ֱﵽڳ۷ӵľٶȣա
ڣҶȸܵһ˿ѹȣѹ֮ԶսҶΪ֮е𺳡
ҶȾǿ֮ԦԶսǼʣ
úøһСǧҲԦշеζȻҶת֣Ľηƻβõģ
˹һ˻صˣĽӿϱѾսȫټܾΧȻĽӣڸͻϮһ
ս
һսǾҡҶ¶ڴЦݣãĽԦսҲڷȦڣ
˼ش𣺡ǵģˣĽӲ㣬ս֮봢ռ䣬ǸЩ꣬δսڴռ䣬˻ս֮ߣţҲǿĲأ
ããҲ¿ҶֵùЦ
ಡ
֮䣬ԶսԸٷʱҷգߵٷ
ٿ
̳֣ץߵٷ˲ƽ⣬һԪ֮˼̶Ҷ棺ˣսԷڷλڰո·ߣǰշȥǵǰӦþĽӿƵս֮
̫ˣҲԼλǣأĽӾͲģҶ֮ϸ˼һᣬ˻
תգԶսϲٱҶ˵Ǿ޴ƸԶսչҪԣɽõͨйߡ
Լշ꣡
ԶսһƬǵա
ƬǣҲвٿݼŵ򣬿йϧؾޱ䣬ʧ
սƬǿգҶǰͳ޷ǡʯʮſݼ򣬿ԿóƬǿգںܾǰһ
׳ۣ𺳣Ҷȸоǵڷ磬ݺǿյĸоҲиո̤ɽ磬ĺǿա
Ϊ֮һ̾Ҷʵ߼ˣ׷ɻʵĵƬ֮УǶ򣬿˽⣿
֮УλһǿߵˣƬķ̫ãϹʱڵĴڣڼԪУ޷˶֮ʧʱΧжЩˣƬѰҹŴżʱкܶĹгǾͻе
ԭˣ
Ҷһ̾תսһſΧ
Сд󣬷·Ǵеľɽʯ֣ҾӾ
ԭ׷ɻʵĵȻǰһſݼ֮УǿػغöΣδ﷢ֹʲôмֵı
컺С
һž޴ݼŵ򣬺Ȼǰü֣ǲȻ
ಡ
ռʱҷǧԶʯУһƿ΢֮Ȼϸ΢Ҷȵ˶ڶ߱
һԶսʯɳͣԶһܴƯʯ֮Уصʮƾ޷ġ
һλ߳Ҷߵˣǰս֮һǵط֮أ
Ҷʵսλã
ǾͲ֪ˣֻĽӲսλã˵ģʲģһּΪĴ
սָͣλãȻ󡭡
Ҷһ˼⣬ĿⲻϱãԱ˶֨Լʮȥȥǰս
˾ﲻѣһʵˣȥս
ҶһЦëȻʲôȻǰһԶսȡˣҵļƻҪõеսս֮Ȼ󡭡ٳ䲻⣬򣬶ԸĽӣ

˶ʱһ亹ֱðû뵽ҶȾȻ˴
ǿԸĽӣǲܵ飡
ҲΥҶȵֻܿ󣬰սʻһ֮УȻҶȣա
ಣ
Ҷӿһˣշڼ˸ոշӦҲ䣬˾Ҷʯ֮УսϿա


1062 ϰ
սҶӶᵽңģ࣬ҲǧĹߣս󷨣ڼװ봬֮С
ݷĶЫʱ˶
Щ׿ܣԸЩɢ£ǷɱۣͶһһȥԸ
˴Ͽո·ʯеͣսʮ׿Ҳƿշһ֧Ѫɱ˻
ԶսȻи󷨣Ǻ֣Ҳ޷ܣǶӲҶȵĿ⣬´ȻವһǰϢʧˡ
ͨһŵü˵ľ
սڣ
ĸߴĿ棬ڵսվǰʮ˲Ͽ󷨣ڵƽϢ
ϴһõ׷ɻʵıأҲҪŴһʺư
һ߸ͷЭЩ˴ӡ֮е󷨣װ
漴ƳԱͷ˵
ͷʮͬ¶Цݣϴ󷢲ˣõչȻģ
ǲԸˣ
˿̣ռžĴڣͻȻҶˮ
еϮ
˲ɫһ֣ٱڣ
ಣ
һͷ˫ץһշӡ˲Ϣɣ˿Ҳԥ˲򴰿ͷŶȥ
Ľսţ

һӰӴ֣ƿյٶȷӡֱһȭһӡ˲飡
ӰѸײڶ֮ƣڳ鷨ӡʱֹسڴճڣպҪȥ֪ͨеĹߵǿ֮ǰ
ʲôˣ
ͬʱһʮĹߣҲңγһ޷Ƶļƣһ¡ֶҶȣǸͷŭ֪ƬǼʵĹţ
Ȼ֪
ҶصһЦУȫЩ˲֪ǣҲרҳɣзߣһɲŹ
ƨҲɱ
սƬ̾Ĵڣɱ飬ݺһ֪ɵɵĴ
ôܣƾһ仰ǿߵͷ­
ȻǲҾȵ򣡡
һݣ·߼ʮ´Ϣˣɷɱ½ڳڵҶȡ
ҶƣͻȻ緢Χƶƣ

ৣ
ЩײеĹ߸ոڿɱһɣȫͣգȻѪ⡢еʣ˲仯Ϊ׹ǣеҶıӿȥ
ֻǼϻ˱û˶Ϊ˰׹ǣ
ίߡơΪӪ
ȻҶȣһ߾Ưİ׹ǣ¶΢ɫȥԸˣκζƻжҪһȥơ
Ϊʱ̫С
ڷ磬ڳƳǡݴ½Ժ̫λ桭ɽ硢ɽ硢ɽ硢ءءɽ硭ҶһβҪΪߣʹɱСƳգǿвڽ¡
ڣҶΪﵽɵ۰˽ףڵʵҲôСؾգ˶ΨΨŵŵʵģһصһɱ칬ǿ
꣡
ƿصĿռУһ𣬰Ѽʮ߰׹ǣ˲䵱ɸɲ񣬺ꡢطմ
һˡһһҲδ£Ŵ̱ǵսζ
ԶսҪ΢΢ϳЩϹŵ񣬵ûܵеƻ򻺻ʧҶһƳΧ¶Цݡ
Ȼת߳գ
䣡
봬ڵƽȻͬװ֮ϣǧӴĹ߶飬ȻΧһ׿ܡԿһĹȫǶ֣ȴȻû־ͷƺڵŴڵĸ֣ȡ
ԺᶨţǵĵĹ֮ϳ֣
ǰ棬ϵ̫ã˵ᱻĽս֣Ҷ̴߶һżͷޣޣȥɣ
أ
޷·˯̺ȵĺӣŵѪȡһʡ޾Ͱڶǿɰβ
ٿ
ƺ͵šʱ̣յõҶɣȲһβͣζѵĺۼ˵Ĺ߾С
Ϊ˲˵ԼˣҶý׿£׷˿
һĻ˼
ಡಡಣ
֮ʲôһһĵĹߣ¶һδգ֮䣬һĹߣǵķ䣬롣
ʲôģ̣Ҳ⣡
Ͷ

ڣЩɱ˫մĹ֣ҲʲôζҶûֹޣֻǿֹʵ
ΪһȺ֣֮ˣҶȲŲȥǿпޡ
ȥɣ
ˣ
ֲ֪ҶȼͷСȻ˿ֲŵɫ԰ףڣҲֲޡ
ҶҡҡͷݲȵĵϧˡȥռƸͳһ£ȥϮڶս
ǣ
ɱֶΣȡ֮ȴȻ治ɫ֣صġˡĵĹߡ
ҶֶŽǧĹߣڼ֮󣬾ͱ޻֮һֱɱоɱһȺ޴ķˡ
ء
Լ񹦷ԶսװϾһƬҲûһ˿Ѫһʬ壬ֻսµδɢɱ
޴ӰζҶȼͷϣΪ㣡
ϴڷӡ֮أô岻΢΢һЩƺҲǰˡ
ɵзëһʵҶȲȥţȴҲÿǾҪ󣬾Ҫͣ
Ҫ
ȻԽԽãڴҪ٣һͷ֮磿
ҶȲ֪Ҳٶͷ֮޳ɡ
һṦ־ʹٸŮбܵˣԼĲƸڼװΪ׳ۡ
ҶһЩŮһһʮ׿սô׿ܣǿߣҲһܰսߣ
ʹ֣ʮ׿ܣɳսʯϿա
ҶͷŵһͬգǾ޴ƵĿݽɻʵˣǲ֪սλãȥѰң
һƬǿգڱӦ֮УֻҪϢ壬һҵĸӦС
ҶȼԦ˷󴩹һſǣżһʣĻشһ䣬̾ĿɿڴֱҶΪˡ
ǰ֮ϣǵս
Լʮκڼ˻δӦҶȱżһǷȥ
Ȼڼڴע£Ͽʱ֮Уһɽ֮УͣһԶս
ˡһλ֮ǰһж
һλֲʵ
ҶתˣǵȻǷһ޳ᣬǲֻǣ¹ȥϳΪһ·ȻɱˣҲѪֻҪܻڹģȻһ·ϣϣһЩִԲһߵڵ˰ɣ
ǣ
¶ҶԵľ⡣
ҲǵĹߣȻͬв졣
Ҷһ仰ҲԹԡ
ಣ
һаˣϺ󷽼ʮ׿ܣϢɽԶս


1063 ս
ಣ
Уִžη֮ģҶҪ֮С
ڹѡ
ոշԾҶüɫ֮ϣһ⣬̶ԱͰ֮ǰƻһһսһǣ
ǣˣ
ҲΪΣҶȻͻȻԸʮĽ׿ܣ·ɽеս
ء
²ܵҶԼҶ˷ܵһСβͣǰһʧڸ߿ա
ৡৣ
˲ϢҶȱ֮ңһ֮ϣ
ΧŲʮ׺շ籩һЩɵ˵ȻԻǡ
򣡡
̲ߵ̼串ǶΧǧ׿ռ䣬˳֣κ˿ᱻӦ
򷨣Ǳ˰
ҶȺ֮Уȫϵǹͨص
ûضңɼģ
ȻںϣҶظܵ޷ſգԺ˷ſеȻ֮ǰ˵һ
ԭƽһȴҶȸоԼԵһʶ
ÿ˵ĵͬħħߵĵҲǵĵÿһֵͬ
ǰԹΪͻƵ㣬ɵһͻɵ۰˽ףˡΣǶҵ֪Ե֪
ҶȻ֮ǰÿνͻƵ֣عղһɱˣ಻һ־ꡣ
аӴȻƫ棬ǲʧΪţħɱ¾Уȥ׷ѰŵУɱ͸žȣЩݺǿյĵĹߣܸлġƴӶ񣬲֪ڸģҷŹǣ֮ɱˣǵһɣ
һ˼ȻںϣҶԺֵĶֶָӣҸĪ⣬ء
ǰԿ칬ɱ˲ִ֪ߣ½ɱɱڵɱӣǰһĻĻȻ֣δȥɱ֮У͸ɱһֳԱȨԸ
ӸԴȥ򣬶Ը칬ɱڵΪʲô
Ĺ׼УŹǣ֪޹ˣвΪūܾĥնһ־ꣿ
ν£ɲǼ䣬Ҷȳü˳˸֮ͬǿǡ

ҶȲҿʼԵִиһ˿˿ܡ

ƶǶ״̬£оĵֻץ˿˿ͻȻ֮䣬һƽ֮
ͣ
ƽ֮ҶƤ˸һķâ֮Ƥëٵʣƽ֮ڲ𵤡ϸѪҺвϵرʣӿ⡣
һδﵽ״ֿ̬ޣҵķ𣬶˲䣬յԭ
˭֪һδͻɵ۰˽ףɵ۾Žס
״̬ܿʧͬˮҶӿ룬ҶϲΧʣʼʧƽ֮˲ȼմ
˿Ҷϣһ׵ƣԵϢԽԽǿʢԽԽӿ
ѪҲڣӿϸ⡢ո
ಡ
ֻҶȷ֮䣬ϷһѪķӡ׿֮ǰյĵĹû뵽Ϊҽɵ۾Žף׼õģ

Ѫɫӡ˲ΪһѪҶȣ쾫Ѫͨһëףӿ֮УڣѪںϡ

΢΢˫ۣĳ֮У޷
ɴʮѪӡǧɵ۵֮ʧҶȸֶһԾ֮С
ɵ۾ŽףһɽȻߵøĸоգҲԿʼӦһЩϸ΢ʣ
ʼͻɵ۾Ž׵ı仯˵ûжٱ仯ûеͻƣΨһд仯ģ𵤱һЩɵɵ۰˽׵ҽҲһЩصı仯
٣ȥŽ׵ı仯
Ȼ֮ʵͻͽʱ˿̣ҶգûСǧûʩչƯȻܵѹѹҶ˵ƾƻ⡣
ӴˣԲָ֣УһʩչСǧٶȽøӿֲ
Žɵ۾Ž׵ϲãҶ˲ɽԶսϿգһսѱƣҶȽʱ䣬ȥĪԼʮ깦
սʣٶ౻ĵĹߣЩֿŵԻм׿أ
ಣ
սҶȱƽɽеٶȣǣԼʱ͵һƬʯ㣬ĵԶսͬҲޡߴּϽ׿ܣ
ͬмٵĹͶʵʵڴ֮С
ҶҵҡҡҡѡڰԶսͳͳҶȱչʮУͳͳء
ֻʣһĽƿصս֮δȡ
ˣˣ
ҶȽڰսڵʯУִŽ׿̴սз֪ʲôʱѾصҶȼͷ
γǧĹߣһЩ仯΢΢˺壬ȻϢޣоеһݣϢ
վҶ࣬ʵˣһֱڵ㵽սǶƿأǵˣµھս֮
Ҷȸżͷޣ˶ޣǿҿһۣҶЦھս֮ĽӵϳǵǣԶȡսҲĽӸӦսб仯Գ֣һʧ
ս֮ǰƿݼ֮У׷ɻʵҲ֮УֶΣɢ¶Ϣߣ
˵꣬ҶȱȥͬͷųһˣΪҪɷУܡ
ԽԽԿĿӿݣ벻ٵ֣ʧ߰˰ˣֻ赲һЩ΢籩
׽֮Уòӿ
ЩԽɽ֮УһЩǿֲֻ̫ϡ٣ɳܲϿϯ£Ҳᱻû
Լʮ֮󣬰˴Ž׿ܣһƬɳ֮УԼɳ籩֮ӡ
ɳ磬˶治ѣͬʱ쳣ţһʵˣĪĽӵսƬɳ磿
ţǿǰӰǲԶս
ȻҶȷŻٶȣָǰɳݺķ籩УһӰ˵
ǣǳս
ǾӰ־ϲĵͷ
͸ɳ籩Ӱչڼǰ
һԶսǻīɫͣڻɳ֮УΧͷ籩ţ
սаɡԼİɣֱһȻͨԶսҪ֮һ
ڷ籩֮Уһޣ
ǳսս֮˱ݺӡҶȫǰս
覣
ֱ
Զ˵ȷ۷


1064 ̫ľ
ƯڻɳУҶȲδϳ֣ǿˣɫʵӦ֪Ľӻʲô˷סս֮ɣ
ĽʮʹߣԲһˣĽʲôҪ飬ύȥȻĽ֤ҲûаգԸһɳǿһˣչ
һλǿ߳һ˵
ɫһλ˵ǿߣٴҶȹżɵˡӦ̫ľ
̫ľ
Ŵ˵һűԱ֣Ҳ䲻ŵ֮ɫ
̫ľ˼Ǻ·Ҷɫ붨ʵ
ֵ̫ľϹߣ֪ΪΣϹͥǿУΪĹСͷĿĽշΪֵܣʵǳֲһص·콵ʵĽӣϾҪڣĽβϧڣΪȡ׷ɻʵеıڣ
콵
ҶһδϹֶͥʲôɫ仯콵ĸ֣Ȼüͷ
һ˵ʩչӰǳΪ콵ֻǺټʩչֶΣ
ܺãܺã˵Һܺ桭
Ҷųսս죬Ҳ
ϲ̫ľ޵ӦþһйصϹϹʱɵ壬Ǹʱڣǿ壬Խˡħ壬â˫
ϧżԪҲʧʷУ
ʧǹȥĴڵһĳ䣬ţһ㣬ҶŲɣȥͥ
ͥһ󱦿⣬ʲôﶼУǰδϹͥءءɽ磬ͥɽеͥôɽ磬ϸԪʱһϸԪıԪ
ǱûʱԪ㡣
ȻϹͥԪΪ칬Ĵڣ޵аȻӵϹżԪбԼӹϵıĪϵ
ҲϹͥţ
̫ľϹͥһڹͥõ
һϸϸ˼ҶбеģȥУܵ۵ԹϢ񹦣Żᾪ춯ء
ˣС̫ľʵ˼ҲǶ֡
ƺȻҶȣͬʱ˵
ģڱϣˡ
ҶһЦƵһ֣ʹ׿սԽǽս򣬾ԽǱ׳𺳡
һȥҶȵԶսǰ缸̶֥
һ˴ż׿ܣӲͬλɱУӵͬķӡᱻ֣̫ľ֣һԴж
սϿգҶȺһ̾ߴ֣Դż׿ܣƵģ˷ɹȥ
龻֡ɱΣ
жҶǴ߶ԪȻʩչһ龻ϢԪսϷ
һκԪתᱻ龻գսκβ޷ݳȥ
ǹŴ򹷣
䣡
Ȼ䣬ս֮ڣһ֮ԭŽ׿ܵĸ֣ͬʱɱ֮УǧеĵĹߣ޷Ӧ
ɱ¾㿪ʼˣ
ˣ²²
Ϯ
޴ĳս⣬һĹ߾ŵر봬գδȥ󣬾Ϳ־ߺ
ž
һӰһһϣһͷԵڵϣ߳ʮˣ׷֮ߡ
֮һʮꡢɫս׵꣬Ȼڼͷϵһ壬һɷǣĹ߸еа
ʮˣ˶ڳۣɵԲΪĽߣ͵ĳ溷
ѾģšװŸ͵Ϯ𣿡
һĳָۣŵǸС䣬ݺɫѿƬ򣬵Ĺ֮ɱ¾̫ϡƽ
磡
λ۸֣ͬʱ׼ҡ
׼̫꣬ľƬĹ֮Ľֵܣ
̫ľûеĹ߸еҲûŨҵɱ¾һصʿƽĿ棺˳ŴȥѰұ⣬ɿ췴֮ˣһ
ǣָɱڡ
ͣ
̫ľʾִΧɵ۸֣һЩˣҪ򴬲ʱǰһĹߣͻȻӷһѪ˾롣
ͷոշֿú󷽵ĹͷǿƣҪʱȴͷʬ屻һֻץסһסһӣͷʬ壬Ϊ˸ʬ
һʬΪ촷ۡ
ǽ죬һܲˣ
촷֮󣬳һӰӰ˫ֱһƮصҶȡ
Χס
ЩĹߣɲͨɫǳĽߵɱ˹֣ʮ̰ҶȰΧ룬ƻǶҶȡ
ݰΧ֮УһĹߺЦУҶȴȻ˫֣һ˿ݡ
̫ľ߳һλǿߣҶȣ´һ㲻мЦ²ƬǿߣǶӦ໥ʶ
ǿԳƺΪˣҶȴ䲻Ӧ
𣿡
ڵĹߣʱѣԿӡУȫûǰͻȻðġϢ
̫ľȻߺһЦҲƽ𣬸Ǹ֣ΪҪɿЩ£̫˰ɣ
ҶȺȻЦǶǵĹߣ壬ʵΪֶΪ˭ӵȻһ
һ֣ҶɫҲʱ֪վǰ˵Ļϧ˿èֵǣ
ɱ
ΧʮˣʱͷŸɱﵣҶȱ
ҸǻᣬͶ𣿡ҶȾȻһݰΧ
̫ˣ
ΧĹߣĸҶȵĻȥˣȻҶȣͷųƣԿڳۡ
ǿߣ
ǾͲҪң
ҶͻȻһЦֻ΢΢һ𣬶ʱֲĹϰԵƣͬˮޣʮɱΧ˲䣬ȥ
¡
ƿ̫ˣΧеĹ߶ҶȲмûҶƷ˲䣬һķѣ

ͬʱ̫ľΪ֣û뵽ʮ֣Ҷһƶ޷ԿҲƣúʮס
Ҷԭز˲ɱʮˣ޶ݣĿһݣ֮У̫ľҸһᣬӦÿóҵϢ֮УҲϹϢϹͥȴĽֵĹΪ飬ҳɣ
ٿ
պҶ˵̫꣬ľ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣءƣּһٷΪ˲ʧڴڡ
ٶȿãҶҲ΢΢ݡ
ʵǿǿѴߣ³ܲң̫ľɫһõЦݡ
ҶȺȻҡҡͷĽԮ֪ͨûϵ֪Ҳǣִڣ޷ģǸӦһ£ǵٷɷ˳ݳȥ


1065 ι
ſڿӣ
ҶһЦ
ʲôЦ
£ѵˣϢͿ԰ٷƻҶڡڣ֮ͨƽٷ׷ٷٶȡ
ҶչֳʵȻǿʲôǿߣֶԸҶȡ
ҶȷһЦǾǿЦϲ죬֪죬ˣһɽһɽߣ
̫ľɫ΢䣬˵ͷţ
˫һӡ
񣡣
˫ָ߸ߴӡӡᣬͺȻ˫֮УȻ飬޷ƣ
㣡㣡㣡
˲ϢֶԸţٷȻȫʧȥӦ˵Ǹδٷٷ
ΨһͣǾ͸պӦҶԣٷ޷Ĵͨεѹ
˳ת໥𺳶ӣɻ󣬿̫ľʵ磬ô죿
ҶȵǿֶΣԶ׼֡
һǿã̫ľĺһ𣬰ɭɭĶҶ˵
ԣְѹ
̫ľǣĺȻ֣һݺɱ¾ƣôͻȻͲˣһͶĻõĹ֮ǿĸ֡
ǿƬɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ¹˭Ҳɵôˣ
ԭһһէֱƻɱ¾ŭ̫ľΪף𽥵Ҷһƽ
ͻͻͻ
ʱ̫ľ⣬ͷųԲƣ˱ͬʱٻֳڱصöɱ
ԶսĴգ·ܲסƣ
Ԫ
ҶͻȻһ˾ȻƾռԦ֮һȻͬʱһץһ֮
͡
໥ɱ͸Ų죡
Ҳⲫɱ֮ʣɱ¾ֶƣ׷һɹ֮ƾɱǵķȻ塣
Ѫɣ
򣡡
Ԫ̫ҶΪԽߣԽͨ޵УȻԸڸ֣һ˲䣬Ϣնɱˣ
Īʦ֣ҽ״ʱǰʾĵȻԦԪ
ɱˣϢֶίʵ춯أ˶޷ҶԺֳ״ĪԿʾʱ̡
ղ˫໥ɱʽĪԿʾԴͨҶһֱ򣬾ǺʩչΪʩչŵӦ֡
˲Ϣ֣֮նɱʱӿ
ಣ
̫ľ棬Ҷȴֶ⻹ЩϢˣ΢΢ָһץʱһѪ⣬ವؼٱҶġ
ֱΪʬҲ״ʧ
£ֶΡ
̫ľɫھϹȻµϹϹ֮ͥУĪϵɡռͨϹ֮ͥص屦
ϹͥȷϹһϹǿߣľ
ݻ߸ʬҶȱ̫ľڴն̫ľⷬҶֻǵصУȴľ쳵үү
ΪԪǶľ쳴λүүУõģӦóλصĳš
Ԫ̫ľһҶȶԶľ쳵үү޺棬һλˣ
Ϲšû뵽ָ֣Ҳ֪Ϲ
̫ľͫ͸ɱǰɫսףͻȻֵı仯ҶȾ㵲ѡ
ǰɫսףȻ˹Ƶģ仯ٵצӡһЩۣսȫɱ䣬͸ŹϵϢԡ
սףԭǾ
սڻûϣһƲŵʥۣצӡۣؼеİԵϢʵ

Ҳʥ޷Ҷ𺳣йصʣһѪڣΪ䣬֮оӡϧ޷Ԧޣ·Ҳ׹ǿ
Ҷ¶Ŀ⣬ս֮ϣ̫ľ򵥰
̫ľսףȥ裺ϹͥıսףıΪսסһӵԵԲҲ˵һ뿪Ϲͥһʩչսס֣ȥɣڼװһսŪϹµǵòʧ
д⣬ҵĿģҲҪõս֮
ҶȹһЦֱתȥ
̫ľûҶСȣЩΪϹʿȻǿߣǰġĹ𡱣ǸѲ֡
ʱ˷ɳգֻװսѽ޷ŷԱƵģƯ󼸾ʬ壬һƷͶߣŵһɢ
¶޻һĻ
ˣС̫ľ
ߴһˣǰͶ֮ˣڽ䣬Ȼý׿ѹһŶ̫ľļɵѵ
ǱѴ磬˭֪̫ľһƳˣʱȼűȶҶȻҪŨʮŭ
˱̫ľŭֱð麹̫ľʶʱΪܣʵҲˣʵ֮ϣ˰ɣ
Ҷȵ˵˵ĺܶԣ֮վΪΪãҲһ֣꣬˰װ׵䣡
ι
̫֮ľͻȻս׻ӿһӡȥɫŲű׷ȥ
̫ľ棬ƣҲ簿·ʱƿնȥ߿һ˫ֶҶһץ
໡
Ұ޵̫ľݺһץս׵ƣںʱӿһֻצʮɳֱһɡ
˼飬оҶȷŭع
񣡡
Ҷ˲ӳһ֮⣬צϷײ
㵲ס̫ľ
ƿ֮צ⣬Ҷȿǰ̫ľιȷǷϧΪ̫ԲýӽڵĲǰԶԶ
Ȼǿ
צԱˣŵĶˣ̫ľҲһƺû뵽ҶȾȻǿֵצ飬رۣ䣡

ͻȻ̫ľƸıˣƾȻȼա
ͻͻͻ
ţҶߴֶ𾪵ĳչֳ
̫ľǼսףȻٴλûһһ飬һƬһƬȻ̫ľ߶һʥսвȫ棬̫ľڰ롣
콵
ߴһ쳤̾߿׵ʥ׳۷
ιҵȱںܾԶĳһ죬ҼһӴ֮񷣬ĹҲµһƬףսףǿĶ֣ҳϣȷĽҪǿ󣬿ϧҪֵסҲܣ
ذ̫֮ľ˵ÿһֶ԰
սʤ㣿ҶȻ򾲡
ҪɱҪУ㣡
ã
Ҷ̫ľͬʱߺһ


1066 Ϲ׷ɱ
ս߿գΪ־ɰܵĵط
ܷ
֮ʣҶȺһʱıΪ̵ܣ֮С
սʮƷԲ֮Ϲű̫ľҶȱԴս
䣡
꣡
Ưʥ׳е̫ľƽչƯ·ͬһֻ񣬻ڶ˫֣⣬Ưڰеʥ׳ʱһͷ׵壬֨֨죬Ȼһڣս΢΢𶯡
أ
ɫʥεٶȣаԵƣҶȳ
ͣ£
ҶͻȻ
ٿһǰһʥͷ
¡
һģƣڱըֻǰ׳ȱҶһƣһڣҶͱƷǱѣ
꣡
̫ľᣬ趯˫ۣԦͬޣſ죬趯צҶץȥ

Ҷʵڵ͹һԲİԵ֮УòǿסΡ
ǰԼԶĳȻڸ߿һڣŲƻյٶȣٿȻΪӰڳա
䣡
ףӦʥ׳צץҶţҶȾڵüٵˡ
ûнſʼ
ҶܵײոɣͰʱ׷ҶȣͷʼҶȣ˳ʱ뾹ȻתǳⲿۼףһһҶſ̶ȿκ

ȻʼٲҶת
ⲿķƬžƣϹҶȣһƬһƬҶƽײ֮
һιһսף⹥ֱں޶ٲ࡭
ۼײϵعϾײҶȸоĻơ
ʱҶȫ̫ľ֮УƺһֱҪסֱҶȷ飡
ϧҶԹι̫ľ裬Լ
֮䣬űԴĲ࣡
ܡܣķΪ˼̲𣿣
֮е̫ľžתҶȱǣҶȾȻܺسס˿̵þبŲ
ǿͨҲΪ
ҶȿǱѣз⣺̫ľҲòϣȷǸսףﵽڣҾ̫ҵķ޷֣ƽؽ֣
Ҳšµֻܳ״㣡
ƺ̫ľоУ
ȻȻƱ仯̫ľ֮УӿһɱϢɱϢΪΣʼһһںϣҲսںϡ
Ϣ
ҶȺȻһΪ޵̫ľǸţȻսףƳΪıһ֮˶֪ӵбɣ
û˰ұƵϣ
ĸ֣̫ľԽĹϣıϵӿ
䣡
סҶȣͻȻըƣɴӾУȻתľţţû뵽ܳɹ
ҶδˣɹӵбȻǬ޼ۣ˭ǬǴԪǿߡ
ιҼҴԭս׳һϧҵ棬δ˳ɹںϣֻңֻҿҷ״̬Ｋ£սҵıƳɹһܵ£ұóϷĲ£
ģҶȣ̫ľչ˫ۣϼ
Ӿ籼ڣͬŭ
ãһΪ̫ľƺϵҶҲ仯׼ڴ˵
ƣ
̫ľͻȻ˫һ֣ȻڶȻſ죬³һѩʥѩʥ³վѾơȫգҲһβʣ
ǣۼסƣһһһƬһƬ䣬ѩʥγɽ֮С
ô޴ľΪһһɳƷɽ
ɲǼ򵥵ķɽӴѹƶɵģұսףҲ˵Ʒɽս׻ûɣ̫ľı
̫ľȫһ
ˣû뵽ñı̬ҷӳǿһﵽڵ۷塭
ܣ
Ҷһ꣬ûʶһץһֱɾ޴ܣֳ
ԵĹƷɽ
ǿķܡ
ٿ
Զսգ̫ľɽ̳Ȼһͬŷɽ룬磡
ˣ
Ҷһڰա
񡫣
Ʒɽ໥ײ
ݡ
˲ϢƷɽ޼᲻ݵشƲ㣬ٿȻ֮ϣ

ƷɽɲǣɽΧ·һͷʥ׾ŷɽһ֮ͬϣ棬˺ҧܡ

ϧ͡âĹܳӣֺƷɽܵƣɶ𣬶ǾҲ֮Ȼ飬ΪӰ
Ʒɽת£㻯Ϊʥɼףٿһƿշͬľͷ˴ڰе̫ľ
֮ǰľƷɽȫ벻һɼף˻û
ˣе޷ֺܵĴ̫ľ֮ǰ԰ԸȻ
һܻʧҶȵʵˣɼǵԼ˵Ļ
̫ľΪεף̹Ȼһ̾û뵽̫ľ֮ǰϹͥһα塭
Ľ֮䣬к壿
Ҷףˡ̡аӦǵ֮Ϲͥ˵֮䣬һһаעԶҲ޷ཻ
߾߿ܣ̫ľ·׺䶥ɫӣ飬ҲǷͬѰŵа
Ҷֵа̴ȡեȡŮӵľУоħҪޣҺܿԼĵ·룬нԶĽˣֻ̰ͼһʱ޴־֮ɣ
ˣ
ߴִʱɹҶȱʾףء
ҡ
̫ľڣǲ˵һ֣Ŀͷųһӡ֮⡣
ţ
ĺȻ֮䣬ҶҲӦʲôתս󷽣ɽգû뵽ĿϢ
ǡ
̫ľɫ䣬һ԰ףϹͥġ׷ɱߡ
׷ɱߣ
ɲǼ䣬̫ľޱУҶȷ·̺⣺ϹšߣĪˣǾҪ׷ɱ㣿
̫ľԽĸ꣬ؿգˣΪԪıϹͥʧȥϹẉ̂ԪһٴνͥԶͥʿҪʮֿ̣׷ɱ߾Ϲִͥߣֳͽ䡢þ
ģǲᾫ׼ҶȰοһ䡣
֮ǰ
̫ľ£֮ǰ̫꣬ʩչϢ׷ɱ߲ǿ϶ҽ޴׷ɱߵʵԶܵУ
Ȼʵĳŵ£ҵ£ǵĹߡ𡯣Ǿ޻ذɣ
ҶͻȻɱڣӿʼƶءģǴʱ˿̣һëһƷ˿·޼᲻ݵĽС


1067 Ĺ
ԿϹͥԶҲ޷ɽ㣡
̫ľ͵زΪҶҪΪͷɹѹء
֪Ҷǿߣ᲻֪Ϲͥһ칬ԶֻܵһˮĽ
ϹֶͥΣҶȿ±̫ľ
壬ǿ壬ȻҲϹͥ壬ֶ֮ţë
ҶȵһƳƽ̫ľϹͥ䲻ͥʿͥҲź˽⣬ϹͥҴδʲôͳЩ飬ֶ˵Щû壬뿴ҵ㣬ȻеԶսߣеĹߣ˵Ǿ޴ʧ
ã̫ľͬ
ȴսװʲô¶ûĽӷٷѯǸ֪δ
ಡ
ߴֽһҶȰд߶龻֣ʩչ֮ܣ˲ƿ̫ľɳսա
ȻǼ̫ľշУڼ䣬̫ľʶҶжôءͨȻֱղѹƣɷУƽأֱ֮зǰ
۷ǿߣĸ߶ȣ̫ľܵ𺳣һֱھ̾ϢʵѴﵽڵ۷壿
˵ز࣬ȻڵϹϢʼǾ͵Ҳף׷ɱΪλ׷㲻ţ
ʱʱ̶̿׷Ѱ̫ľϢ̫ͬѰ˵̫ľϹͥһŲܡ
һſݼ֮УΧʯΧƣʮأһĺõط
Щ϶ҶҲʳһɻ
߿գ˺ſݼ򣬲ٵĹɽΪɳ
űţ̫ľϣ˼֮ɫҵ棬Ϲ˴һЩǿһֱõսιͥͥҲϣ뱦ｻͥ˵ʲôڼԪɵȥʱͥڷƮҡ֮ʣȻΪԼ룬һֱδ屦˭֪⣬һУҲδֱ浱õǿҴ֮֮ۡͥһƷ⣬ǲһ˰㣬Ҳˣҵĸĸ뼸λһһ㣬»ӤңӴұһֱŶȡҴ֮ڽۺԽڽ뱦⣬ȡսױӳͥϧҴ֮֮ۡȴȻţ
Ʒ⣬һҪհ֮ڵιսףǰ֮۵ԶԶԽκһգӵȻΪ޵еǿߡ
֮ҶȲ֪̫ľܣǣı̾Ϲͥû뵽ڲ˺ڰ
̫ľ˸еصᱦɱˣҵȻһȣΪ׷ɱ棬ڸոӳͥˣ˭֪պĽӣ˼ʵ㼰ʱһѣҲݶ飬⼸꣬һֱﵱһԼ޵ĵĹߡ
ȥģļҴ֮ҪģԴ˼ĳУԴ˼˵꣡
ҶȰοȻһƳ̫ľɫָƽһЦ̫ľȻһѪˣһĵĹߣҶֻĿ⣬ڴʵ֪ءءһΪɵĹǿߣ
ɣ
һʣ̫ľһ棺Īйϵɲ֪ɣǡɽ硯֮У̟ͥһλ֮ͥһһһϹżԪĳǿߣ
Ŷ
û뵽ֻʣ˭뵽̫ľȻ֪ɣҶȴ㵡ϲ
ɽƿؼ̟ͥͥһÿһͥмλͥͥȴڣϹͥǿӵеУм¼ҲǴһλ֪е֮ͥ
̫ľѴҶɫ΢УһЩ
̟ͥ
ôһᣬҶԺҲһЩģļ䣬ͥҲʶٶڹͥĽܣϡͥڡ
̫ľ̟ͥĽߣϹͥ޵֮ƿصĴڣйУʷʫߴڣɣǿ֮ͥһ

ǶҶ˵侭֮ͥú˽ɽ磬Ϊǿ󡢲սʤĴڣ
ϹͥߡششֻҪϵˣĸ
׹ɵ˷
ಡ
ҶΪϹͥѰ˼ʱͻȻ̫ľ屬һơ
ˣ
ҶȸܵϢּ̫ľ˲һ࣬գļʱǣҺȥ׷ɻʵżУȡ
ಣ
˵仰ҶȾƾϢʧˣʣ̫ľ𾪣ͷʼС

ռʯϷӰ
գ֮䣬Ӱٷݼһ£ͷ߸ϢأڲͬĹϢ
̫ľ˵ǲصԶ˻ߵ򡭡
ķͻȻͬΧȥ
Ȼ
һû֮ڸ߿գ·ʩչ򣬿ڱչе̫ľ
ಣ
˲ϢʩչԦռһ̫ľ쿿ץһֲƣ
ƴ
͡
ۿҪ̫ľʩչɱ֣ͻȻϢĳһӰֺ֮޸Ӧ£ʹǵĺ󷽺ݺ
ͷ­˲ȥ
ڵǺö
Ҷ˲ǵӰ֣һʬ壬£˾ͻΪ˸ʬ
ڵĳۣôϢҶͨһаɱ
ɱúã
̫ľ˲߸ʬļƺԶɱ
׷ɱ䣬Ϲ֮ͥһ׷飬ʱ뿪Ƭ޷ҵģǻȥɣ
˲ɱڸ֣һϡƽ̫ľʱидʱսգҶҲԴֶΣܻ
˼֮ʣҶͷһͬʧڿݼ
Լʮκ
Ǽս֮ڣʱĽǴֱӵתڿڶԸɣȥ׷ɻʵżûкô
ٴλصƿݼ֮ڡ
ڻɳ֮Уǰս֮Ҷ̫ľ䣬ĿȥսҶȱȥ
Ȼǻɳ磬Ҷʹ߶龻֣оϢλá
κҶڵٶȣһƬϷ֮Уֻ·ž޴ĹʯһһȻһֱʮɴĺĶڡ
׷ɻʵĵĹ֮£
ϢʹӶ֮£ͷųҶܸܵУƯžѪϢɣ붴ڡ
ڲǺ֮棬ȫǻɳھԼǧףȻǰһϵͨһ󷨣Ѿƿ
ͨͿʼһ߾ߵĹʬ壬ڵӣҲһЩǵĹһˡ
䣡
ƺҪżȻıըżں䶯˲Ļϱ


1068 ֵһݾԴ
ϢżҶȷżһ޴ĹĹǰʮ໥ɱʬ壬ΧձУ㱦ѱչΣ
ҶȲûȤȥ˫ɱʩչԪӿĺ󷽣
öı
һƣһƬӲӵľ޴عʮ𳬼ۣȻ໥ɱ
ǡӦþĽӣ
ʮУɱ¾ϢصǿߣԼаˣһڵĵۣһλѮߣһ֮
Ȼɱ¾ϢİˣǵĹһһˣİС죬·ƿһſռͨڽ֣ͬʱᱦ
ˣϢŹ֡ɱصˣȻֻеĹ֮Ľӣ˵ɱ
ЩʯʯﶼмһؽƣıӦ׷ɻµ
ҶȲδżʩչԪȡϸϸӦһڹһߵ󷽣Ӧһƿռ䡣
˲Ǳȥ
ԱߣҶȸܵһϵϢԭ;׷ɻʣҶʩչڽ󷨣ﵽʱϢͽڽ֮С

ո̤ڽ磬ҶǰƯʯһ붼Ʒʯﵽŵʮ֮ࡣ
֪׷ɻʵ׶ôǿռӵôƷʯƷʯٺ٣лǰˣ
̴߶޽䣬һৣʯƬɽ޽䣡
ֱҶĻŭţȡԶսҪʯ߶սЩʯպüʱ
ʱ䲻ֱ࣬úõģ
ȻʯҶȣԸоڽ󷨣ˡ
и֣Ҳһ˫۽𾦣ڽڣҶƷʯӿٶȣȻ䣬һƷʯɽˡ
Ҷʩչԣ
ǼԵıһһָȻ봦мǿҵͷŶĿâ
Ϲͥƽ飬ƷʻҪһ֣׷ɻʣǸȱĵﰡ
˷һָ̾
ǡ
Ȼ䣬żʮؼ֮󷽣һŷӡ澹ȻƯһ餡
·̶ɵĹ餣һǿ󷨱ţ
ѵ׷ɻģ
餣
϶ʬ壬ҶȽżδκˣʬġ
ಣ
Ҷ˲֮ϣӣ̾ͼһ˺˺۵Ѯߣڹ֮Уһȫʧһͨˡ
׷ɻʣǿɱ֣֮١ʲô֮Уȫ˺ѣ޷ϣڴˡϧһǿߣǵֲֻأ
׷ɻһ˺ѺۼҶȶݣĿģ
̫ˣ
磬ָϣһöָƺһ΢ľԴϢ
ҶȸܵŲ·ѰƵģʱϢŷСǧ𶯶
Ŷ
Դ
رɽһݣҲΪһˣ޷ܵԴĴڣСǧʱںϲ־Դܸܵ
̿ȥȻһöͭɫĽָڡ
ͻͻ
Χڽ󷨣Ȼ
ҶתһƳɫĮȻʩչ򣬽׷ɻʹ󷨣ǿ£ҶȻ򾲣͸󷨣һУһʱöָͭ
׷ɻʵĹҲһб޵еľͷӦԶس˯ȥԪ
һ֮֮ȻһƱѰŹ餵󷨣
ԪƱһ㳬޷׷ɻʵĹ餣λߣ
ٿ
ҶȻΪһ⣬ɳ󷨣ͬʱĽһڵĸ֣ǿдݻ󷨣롣
ϧıѱҶȶߡ
ԼʮκҶȾϢ뿪¹ĹżӹŶڷɳڸһɽ֮ϣ̯֮öָͭ
Դٺ٣û뵽Ƭ򣬲õԶսܵõԴ
ȲͷһӦָ
ָͭɫȴһȻʯʮֵĹӣɼϹ֮ҶͷŸӦǺһƣЩƲûп⣬ʩչʮ䡣
κںϽƣǰƯһӡöռΨһĴڡ
䱦׷ɻҲ˶ղء
öָռֽС޽䣡
Ԫ񿿽⣬ֻӡ֮УһƬֱĪԼһ߰ľ·һ硣
Դ
ɽ羫ɣ
һ鵹ǱϴεõԴ΢С࣬ôһ㣬κθ֣ʵҪںϾԴûǿԦ޷ںϣʩչɽ籾Դͨ
ȻǾԴҶ˷־̾ǵ׷ɻܰѾԴںϣܾ޵ǰ㣬ƽٳɹ򣬳ѷ
ಡ
ԪӴγһѪָܿںϣȻѴ޽ڣ֮ǰ׷ɻʹĹڣõıͳͳ봢䡣
⼸Ʒϳˣܴﵽ˫¹꽣ĸ߶ȣÿһȥɽ磬ر
⼸ŴһҲ봢䣬žǴƷʯ
ʯٶ࣬ҲӶ࣬ʯɽ͵ڻң
õĽսûдʯսͺ֮أЩƷʯֲһ㡣
䡢䣡
һУȻԶشһ֮Դ׷ɻʹĹżڡ
ĹʼݣĽӵ˼̱ӳĽΪﵽڣʵҪ̫ľǿһӵһռ䷨̣һϧǸԶˣ
Դھ˼Ŀոշ𣬾ͼӰ𶯵عĹڣ৷ɳա

ոշɳĽӾʹ֣ΧɱһλѮߣ˫ûҪ뿪˼ҪѶԷɱõԷı
ƣĽȫռԷ˴ԽԽΣգ֣ƺǴڶ˽ĽӺƬᱦȻˣҲðˣֱնɱĽӣȡı˲ɱ»̫ľ׷ʹ򣬳ҲΪ
ԭƻҶֶݣɴʱϸϸŷĵӣǴڣô׼ƻȫ塣
ʵãֱԡݣɱԽǸã
ˣĽѷǰ꣬ڹ
Ȼһٷմ
Ҷֱ󷽵ͳطһˣֻɿһ֣ȻǾͼԦս뿪򣡡
ǰĽѶԷˣһƬأǾµķ֮ء
Ľӣⲻ֪벶ȸں֣ݺһҲȥһУҵģ
ҶȻսĽӺգոͣסΣ󷽸߿գʼҵĦ


1069 ̷
籩ΪͻȻγɵĦʼͶٷ籩ͷų˲˺ɵԲֵ
ͻͻͻ
ĽӸ߸Ծͬʱͷһͬʱķ˺ʣѮߣ׷ɱˣݣ
߿ͻȻܵѹȣ
漴һſڵͻƷ籩ֱӴ˷ٶȿ磬ַ֮ʣڵλ
֪
ৣ
Ľ£ķγɶͬʱһӡȥʱһ󷨣ڰա
¡¡¡¡
һſڵǡôĽͲµ˲֣ڵʼƵ£
˲Ϣըڴ֮бըһըͰĽ˲õ󷨣ÿҪ飬Ȼڶըֱ˺ڲһУҲۡ
ɼڵ
ĽƯ߿գ쿿󷨣һըƣƮƮаЦֵǣȦףֵܹŴ򹷣һ
Χɱڵŭ𣺡䣡
ʱֻᣡ
Ľڸ߿պ󷽣ҲǧײҶԦһĽӡ
̷
ۿҪ֣ĽЦһ˫ַֻֿϣȻһԶĿ޺ĳ
չɣƷոչɣͨһף׸պĽӴϣһɵԣͷų
Ŷ
ҶȶȻ䣬Ŀ棺̷һһ͸żԦռϢĪĽֶΣǼռ䷨
ɱ
ĽӼ̷޵ֱһ֮
Ԫ
ͬʱҶȱϢӸ߿գԽĽӣҲ̷֮ҫ۵ë

Ľ˲䱬Ķ߿ûκĦռﵽƽز
ͣ
գ֮䣬ۿĴٶȼӿ죬ռϢԽǿʢʱһԪʥǹֱӴӺ󷽣ĽӵĺͱԿǣȻŴ̳ȥ
ٿ
һִֻһѹڻδȫ𾪵ĽԶȻֱһС
̷ͬˣ
ʱշ·ҲûڵǱըУһɱ
һӰӿݼɳֱգӰҶġĹֳ
Ҷȥ֮ǰԶսһս׿ܣ׷봢䣬պ׷ɻö䣬㹻װ¼ս
ֻԶսʵ̫ӴҲװңҶִ߶ֽ䣬Ѿսպðѳȥս֮ʣµսֽ䡣
öڣװս
Լ̫֮ľߴԦս֮ڼٷɳҶȴսɳպ÷С
ˣ
̫ľߴ֣Ҷɫ
սպãĹߴ
Ҷװ壬̫ľҶĸ߼װ֮ϣֻҶȴһ⣬ǧ˾ʹ֮Уžװ壬Щ˶ս뽵ߣҶ
̤ɵ۾ŽףԽԽˣǧ˲⡣
죡
ţʹżҲգ
̫ľһʣЩ˴ô죿
Ĩȥ䣬±
Ҷǰһʱڰ˴УܵףһӡǧϿա
龻֣Ԫ飡
ǰֻһʥ⣬ÿһ˴ԣеĻ˲䶼һһۣ˫ִ£˯ȥ
龻ԽԽӦ֡
ֻǰʱô˵ļ䣬ͨҶʩչ龻֣ԪһһĨɱǼ䣬Ӵ޼䣬ɽһ֪ǵΪȻ˿ûиı䣡
ȥ
һӣһ󣬼̰ŽǧˣսԶɽȥ
ǴŲñһһʵȫصûģȹλʻһֱʻȥûҵͣö棬㹻ʮõʯ
֮٣Ҷȶʱ´׳һö䡣
ǣ
˴ޱȹ֮ģ̲ס룬ҶȶʩչֶΣҶǱʲô״̬ԣ
һ붼̸ɢȥ
Ҷȴ̫ľգʱҲսһһΧ߶ս֮ʼʻ
ոս̫ľ޷֪̽Ҷȵ뷨ʹˣΪĵ⣬Ҷȵʵ֪Ľǻ
Ǻǣ˵
̫ľΧֺĿ⣬ҶȴصһЦȻλ£Ҳ̫ľһ࣬Ȼ߶һ⡣
¡
һ⣬һѪӰкݺڴռװϣ
̫ľʱ𾪶ŵǸ֪Ѫˣ硭Ľô⸱ģ
Ҷûлش𣬷̷ĽӣĮȻĽӣзֲ棬пɣ
Ȼ
仰ãĽӻ̧ͷüȻԪʥǹʥǹ֮ѹȫ
ĿͬѪ̫ľЩͽȻѱҪһȡǣ
³ӦԤɣû뵽̫ľģɫ쳣𾪡
ĽӺ޲ûҧ̫ľ
ͣ
ͻȻĽͷ­֮ϵʥǹҶһץŰγһѪ
㣡
ĽӺһ˿ʶҶ̫ľǼˣѱŵʧǡ
ϣԶ޷Ӧã
ҶͻȻʯĽģȻ䣬ĽӻʶоѪѪ⣬ʼһһӿҶȵġ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷȷŷһħħͷ
̷ʲô
ĽӻΪһ߸ʬҶָ΢΢һΪȻ̷Ľ䣬ʧȥƱԴɾ޴󻺻ΪƴСһֻǧֽס
Ȼһö䣬ҲųзɳĽһıȫڴ֮У䣬Ҷȱ̷ϸϸĦ
Ľӳ̫ľɫȻ٣ٴ£̷ʮֲеļƷҼĽʩչΣʩչзУɿһٶȣ
ںϣ
˷棬ҶָðһѪڰƴС̷֮ϡ
ˣ
̷˲ζ
ಣ
Ҷһɳս֮֮С
̫ľ֣Ҳװ塣
̷Ȼһϳ˫¹꽣ҪϼϧҲĲ٣ԴﵽĽںϵģ
Ưգս֮һͬУѪ̷ں̷֮˲仯Ϊɾ޴󣬲ȲԶҶںϡ
Ҷȷ·𳤳һĿʥĳ
꣡
΢΢߶̷
һģջһۣգҶʧˣٴγ֣ڼ֮ңգԶԶս֮˦ں󷽡
ƯУ͸̷ҶȸܲκѹʱϲȻһβõԶս̷СǧԺԷУָ
ϲֵõһ
Сǧ˸߲ҵ˵
ȥҶ̴߶̷һģҶȱһ£ʧ


1070 Զմ
ս֮ͬңԶǣ¶غţ
ˣʮ꺽УļƷʯڡƷʯǧ򣡡
·൥գһĴڣһŷӡ֮ҶȣǰվǿߣҶȻر
ȻĲٵʯǲõʯǱոӡ㹻ʮʹã
ҶڷӡУץһӡʥ⣬˵һƽŻмʮУܵ뵽ĵطȥɣ
ǣˣ
ǿ߲ٴҶȣȥ
ԶսʡʡΨһˬʯˮƵģĵ
ӡڣҶ˫ֻط̷ֿϣʮ꣬Ȼδ̷ںϡȷһõȲҲԽ磬ر
СǧɰȻ𣺡磬Сǧһȥ磬Ͳ̷Ტۣʴ죬Сǧɵ
̷ȻﵽɣСǧɥԺȥ磬һΪ꣬ΪĴǧͼ
ҶȰοСǧ䣬СһﵹͦƸУСǧƽĿ̷֮ϣԪӦ𽥽ڲ
ʱ󷨡Ƴǰӡֱӡ磬̷ÿһ󷨣·һƬ硣
ɼ̷ƹ̣жôӣ
øҪǧˡ
Ľеõ̷Ҷȱһֱںһ󷨣ÿһ󷨣̷̺ӡ˵ĽֻͨӡȻ̺ǧǧӡǶԡ˽⣬޷ӵ̷
ѪںʵǽԼһӣҪȥӵ京еӡ
ÿһӡǴ߶ķɽ磬˶ӵܷӳȴûм
ҲУֶŵ֮һ𣬱һ񽣣ó뻯ڶԿڡ
ܰʩչӦֻ֣˵ǾţԽܶڸ֣
ٿٿٿ
ӡ֮⣬ҶͨԪӦϽ̷һ󷨣ÿһµķӡͿʼᡣ
̷ıԴϣ磬һֿռƶɣ෽棬ǧͼ࡭Ǿܣ˾磬Ƴ֮ͬ
һδεʱڲϵʧ
̷ӡҶȱԽ̷Ĳ֮ǧͼȻȥ
ǧͼɵ̷ʣϣ޿ɱԡ
ռ䷨ַ֮ͬˣյļԦһȴãǧ
̷ıԴʣ̫ɵ磬޷ƽȥ磬ͨռϢ˽
Լ֮һӡҶȾ͸о쳣̷󷨣̫ӴҶֻܷУʼڲıԴʡ
̷һտռ䣬ƽռؼ̺һֿռ̷ɷС
ãһͷˮȻڲԣʧ֮һ֮УһԻָһٶȲСǧĳ
û뵽γѰСǧȴõһշ
лᣬ̤ôСǧ磬޷ɽʹãʩչ̷֮磬ԷӳԴƣݺһ˵һʱ꣡
̷ʱǧͼȣȻǧͼĿǰǰ޷̷ȼ磬ɽ磬滭꣬ôǧͼǳԽ̷ľ
ǼʮꡭǾߣ԰ϸϸо̷һҪ겻ȥУܻƽİأ
ҶȵԪȻ̷ڲ޴С
¡¡
ͻȻ·ضɽҡ
ҶʱջԪ񣬷ӡ֮Ҳʧȥ
ãմУղűײڲ棡
˼ֻ̫ľͷ󺹣Ӽװ뷿䣬ɫһҶ˵
մУ
һİƳ̫ľ˻ţ֪鲻򵥣̫ľ䣬һֱӷɳգװϿա
ս֮΢΢ػζߴҲۼڸ߿գҶȡ̫ľҲֻ࣬սԱߣоȻֳһڵѺۣѺУԼһʧ
̫ľɽΧգٳ֣Ϊڵʱգʮֱ޾ĺգϡʮָӣС籩ȵȻЩǿߣҲ𣡡
ҶȸǳɻǶ˽⣺մУʲô׻ص㣿
֢״صһ֣пԽһʣһֻһгƬУղҺгսһ࣬սĦǸպóս룬սзҪ飡
̫ľɵ˵

չȻ޴ҶţΪɴǿߣȥѰҲΪմ籩ʧԼʱС
ɴ۶գ޴вôЩڶߣаϣ
ȫǰ뿪Ƭ򣬴Żʮʱ䣬ʹﵽĿĵأƬҲҵҶת˽ȥ

ȫ߶Ҷ̫ľվǰս١ǿĦļ֮
ããգͨս͸̫ľϣֳȻľηѾ޾գ̤ĽҲδƬա֪жΣյţ
Ǻǣ޴ģǼȻ棬ҪΪȻԸȻ仯ţ
գҶڴЦݡ
䡭
Լ죬Ҷ̫ľһֱվǰĿΧ
ڴ˿̣ھһУһ·ల£շ籩δͻȻǰգһŴ졣
ǲǴ죬ǾǴУʱήٵС
ˣҵĻиг̫֡ľƳһġ
㸺ǰʩչ̷ȫս󷽣ƶսǰУȿԶ㿪УֿԸսǰУ
˲Ϣ䣬·ҶȱӦ԰취̫ľһ̴߶̷৵һ£ɳս硣
һˡ߶ս
̫ľҶʧգ;ǲˣ
սУ
꣡
һ߲֮ĴҶȼԦԲʹⳤ˲仭һߣս󷽣
񣡡
˫ץǿʢһƣ·ȼգһս󷽣ʼƶս١
ͬʱĿעǰһһ
ˣٶȼҪﵽޣ
һֵսڣݶǡ
Ҫǿƺ󷨣ٶȣһȫǣҶȻ򾲵˵ģʵҲһϾУǵһ
շ籩̫࣬Ȼ޷ԤϣϢͳˣһս֮ϣҪսɾ޴ƻ
һҳսҶȿɲС


1071 ʱ
ղżʧУҶȲ֮ǰ칬ִ׷ɱѣ
Ȼеı仯ίʵ޷սʤ
ͻȻ٣ɵ񷶼пǺεȵ˵ڣ¾Ҳ޷Ȼ
żͬϢ٣һͬ㣬޷ġ
ҶȵԵΣգڡڶС
ৣ
ԴԴϴҶӿƶԶսҶעǰգսٶԽԽ죬ܿղųֵУ
УѾڻʧһǾ޴죬˲зë
Ҷ˵ĸܱκ˶Ҫǿң
վ֮УǰУħͷҶȵĳ۶˶ʱһɼͻᱻħͷף˲ĸо
ҡ
𺳣ʹҶ䲻زһ亹
䡭
ͻȻǰգһװ
ͬʱ̫ľ㵵װսǰ𺳶ãһгˣ
Ҷǰһüë֮һƣͫޱ𾪡
ǰУսǰֱϣͻأؽһУб֮ǰǸҪһֱӴﵽɡ
иոս٣ͰԱ߼ʯС
йȻо޴
λ
Ҷ˲䷢һ֮͸ܵսڲظıٶȣҶ̴߶ҷ󷽴ƶս
սٶȱͿ죬֮ңʲô
Ҷȷ֮ʣԶսѽڵҶüͷһ壬ͷŸ˫ƶսոı䷽λ
ͻͻͻ
Ҷ̫ľ£սպƫֱߣʱγɰ׾룬ٷɹ
е뽵ٲȻȻսڵĿʹսҷƶȻ󷢳Ħ񶯣̫֣սٶ졣
һ֮սͳװ򣬷ǰ
ֻ΢΢ܵӰ죬Զսһ֡ʵڿֲ
á
ɿҶȾ̫ľľ
̧ͷǰȥǰգΧ㣬λðŤһɹʼĦ
·ʲôֲҪ٣
ĪǻиҪ٣ϿʻƬ򣡣̫ľŲ̵֮մһ
ҶҲ룬̫ľ˼ˣ뿪Ƭգı䷽λ뿪
䣡
¡¡
ոռ٣Ȼ֮䣬ǰΧգһоƵġ
Ҷ˴߶սΪУٳһһУֱҧգ˺ʣĦ˺Խֲ
ԼʮоͳǰǿգԶսδ뺽ѾҪǿա
ҶĿͻȻһݣ˴ٸı䷽һǿգҲеĻʱ·Ǿֱʻǰʱգ֮䣬ȥ
ǣ
˺ԹԣӦˡ
ಣ
Զսٴμ٣Ҷѿʼ߶̫¯߶սȻעⷽλڵĿռ䡣
Ȼ֮ǰҪıķλǿУһС
̫ľҲע⵽Աǿվ˱仯û뵽˵ùȺ
ֻ֮֮мᶨһܳ˷ˣ߶սҶȲǸÿ˼͹
սǿգʱΧвٵʯڱлգƶսٶ̫죬֮ܵӰǺܾˣҲھ𶯡
ÿһ𶯣ÿһʯߣҶоͺһ֣ȥŶŵûɢˡ
ͻͻͻ
ȫսǿһе𶯣໥żսУоȥƮҡ
Ҷ̫ľˣʱ˿̾ȻţÿѹסɵȻֱҪΥ桢Ȼ
䣡
ۿĺ֮Узǿӳȥ˭֪һͳȻд
н٣
Ҷһʱɫ԰ף̿ķȴûг֣뿪Ƭǿգֻмס
룬ʲôҧҧ͹ȥˣ
ͻͻͻ
ĳͻվʱͻȻǹΪ˿ֲѹֱӴԶսϷ
ã
սѹڲҶ̧ͷһͫȫˣΪһֱﵽɾ޴УȻ
ҶȰͲöһٸԼ˿ȫƶս뿪
ϧڣӲڣźڶôԶս
ԭҶȶϣ޴Уϧѡ֡
нٶȣ̫ˣգۼ䣬Զս֮ϡ
¡¡
ҶԶսһͬþһζһƺÿҪʧս󷨣ҲҪʧƵģʧȥ˹â
Ҷ̳崬ڴ󺰣ס
ͻͻͻ
ոպ仰УȻʼԶսУҶ̫ľˣ·ܵڲĿֲսôûУҶһȻûѡߣ
ɲǼ䣬ɾ޴Զսͬ޴УȫС

Ҷһڷر˺ʣҶ̴ϲ̫ˣ޴ôֲҼס߶սҪ֮ѳȥ
ã
ҶȣսڲİˣҪ̫ˣսڱţ
ս̫ܳã뱣ս󷨵ļԣ
ಣ
ҶսںϣסսҪ
ս֮ϣҶȿΧǰ˵˵·˵ûһ˿Ĺâоһ޴ͨ
еĽɱʮֲֿҶȷܻû޷סеĽɱ
սʮǿ󣬻ֵܵסʱһͲ֪ˣ
̷
˲߶̷
ڲ̫¯ȼеҶȵ˫֮УȻͳͳעԶս֮С
һͻΧ
̫ľվڼװϣУҶȾһˣһˣԶս
꣡
ͬʱҶȫ߶̷ɫʼĴУֲĦ̷ĶÿһĶԼԶսǰٶȣӿһ֡
ڲסս֮ȻڿֲϮսҺҶȫעս֮УսܾҪʧȥ
·̫ˣսȥ
ʱҶͻȻս΢΢ظı䷽̵ͷһͨı˷򣬾Ȼֱ£Ҷ𲻺ԤУһȥ治֪ᷢʲô
꣡
̷ʼӾҵĶսǰѾǿڶУȻǰӣҶͷ󺹣ȫ߶̷
ϣ뿪ˣ
̫ľڵǰ˴գһ߲Ĺߡ
ã
Ҷסһ
߳߳
Զս󲿷ֶҪ뿪ʱ֮УͻȻһ磬ûսĺˡ
ܲҶȾУ

սս͵һ𣬶Ҷȫ˸ž˵磬ͻȻʧȥӦսȫʧУȫ뿪
Ҷ磬ʧȥӦһľˤ·еĶڣֱײһѷ죬޷ԤϵķʽҲ뿪˿ֲͨ


1072 °Ͳ
ȻĪⰡ
˦УҶȲľҲһѽ
粻ɾ޴˺һ֪뿪УǺεȻ
κ׳־Ȼǰú档
ţ
Ȼ֮ȻҶ˦оʧˣȻܵķ֮ӣ֪ںηʱͻȻڰгһâ
ҶȲɾϲüԽۣȻ˺һ磬ǰһƬ͵Ĵء
ɣ
ѵգһƬ
ҶֻŹԣռƮƣ޷ǿ磬ʲôգȫ硣
ոУ룬ѵԴգƿճԾ͵磿
񣡣
Ҫ֮ȫѹơգȻӦ̫ľս䣬ϧ޷һ£ƮУͻȻֳһײһ
ಣ
ʱһƷҴٺе֣
Ƭ򣬹Ȼˡ
ԼٴײȻʧȥ֪Ԫ˿ûܵˣΪʧȥ֪޷ʧԭΪĹߡ𡱵գҲʧΪҶȱģ
𶯣
ٿȻһٶˣŨɱҶΧס
һɽҶȲϣҶȺڰգ޷ƶҲΧһգǲͬĴ硣
Щ˸šԭʼδйһۣ󡢲ӡ׶ŹƷȻҰˣϻǷǳɾ
Ϊɵ۸߽֮䣬Ҷ˵ҪɱǣֻҪ߶ޣͷԪԪͨһһɱ
δ£Ҷ𾪵ȴѡĬǺδ㣬һʱ޷ָɱЩˣҲҪҵطָǣָ
ԷУҶа治֪̫ľǴʱںδ
һƺǡ䡯ˡҲǼҶһƤǺѹѹģٺڻңˣһ˿ʼ涢Ҷ´
ͫ棡
ִ硭ˣ˵侹Ըǡ°Ͳ䡯ȥʣ
ǣ
վҶΧһϷӡһƬ̲סҶȣҶи޷ӳ
ߣ
һҰסӡ˿ʼתǵС
°Ͳ䡢䣿
Ҷɻ󣬲壬˵ȻϤҲİڷ磬ҢʽֵܾǲˣֻҶȴδȥ䣬ɽԶȻ䡣
磬Բ𣬸ղСǧҲܵȻ繥޷Ūꡭ
ԺȻСǧͰ͡
Сǧ̫¯¸һָͬ
ҶȲȻ򣬿ʼСǧԼĵľޣ˯ģ·Ҷȥٻ
Ȼ磬Ҷܶ˺飬ȴ޷˺޺壿
һ̰˯ҲкôͺãΣȲ֮£޵ǿΪұݻ
нƽ
ЩҰˣϹŶģȻƬϢܹϣЩڵϢֻ΢΢ĹϢǾסĵطеĶѨéݷǷᡢԺݵȵȣ
Ұ˽磬ΧҶȿٵĽ°ͲʿֲݡأŽٵС
ƺ°ͲһϢ֮أгζܼ˵ĵ°ʿУǷ鵤
Ƹովս洦ɼ
һˣӦǰģúñʣ
һʬľ޴ʯһܲӡ󷨣ҶȱʯȻһѺͬǲʿǵϣɫͼڣ°Ͳȫһ
ԼмٷˣڴССηУҶҰˣһʯ֮ϣΧвʯüӲסˡ
ʲôӺδҵ°Ͳأкı
ҶҲסʮҰ󺺣ޡΧ˹һһɳޣɷʵǵ°ͲġʯƵĳͷ֮ޣشԪ˺ķƤٽ
ԱʣҶҡͷֻͣƬգѰұˣΪ籩˵أʲôļϸ
ʵ
Щ󺺣߳ˣҶǰһԶ
꣡
ͬʱӶǺɫޣһ𣬾Ȼÿռڲ
ȻһͬѰķ
ǣҶȻûзӦ
žͣ
޺˿ȥֱӻӶ۰򣬶ҶȾӴȥһҪޣոҶϣ޼᲻ݵĽ֮ϣ͵һҶƤֻӡѡ
ף
˳һ޺¶˼ı顣
žͣ
žͣ
ţЩ󺺻ɻ趯ǳޣҶһһޣȥҶΧռ˶𶯣ֻҶϣһӡƤȻӲޱȣûж˺
Ǻһ޴򣬴۵ҶȳΪ˺ˣƺҲʹ࣬Ƥ΢΢ز
һɵ÷ЦΪˣٽ
޻˵ҲǼϸǵһ°Ͳ䣡Ҷȿû£滹ʹͬգʹ࣬ʲô
Ҵ򣡣
žͣ
ɫۻңڰ裬ž͡ž͵ر޴Ҷϣ֮ټʯϵ
Լ칦ЩҰƺˣҲʱ䵽ˣ𳤱ޣһһ뿪ָţʱʹࡢ
磬ѰѽΧ֮ͳͳˣ
СǧҶԺ
̫ˣ
Ȼľģʱһ˺ʹ࣬ڼ˺ѣ˲俪ʼ߶𵤣Ȼ΢΢ת
һ̫һ˶ʼ֮ȫ춯һ̵ʹֱ࣬Ҷ
ͬʱҲ࣬ܵشǲ𵤣Ҳʧ٣Ҳֽɫһɽζȫ
ࡢⶼľģƺ͸ˣ˵ֵز
ҶȱͳףһֱԶϣҶһֱʲôǧʱ䣬ͻָ
ܺãһ˿˿Ļ
Ҷϳϸ΢Цݡ
ཹཹ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
Ȼһʯڣ߳һкͼڵҰˣǰķ²Ҷȣ³һOO@@
ϧҶЩͰΪ㵣ҲûʲôӦܣֶԷȷ˵ʲô
ߡ
Ź֮ˣǰһ¶һżΪԵĴһƳҶȣŭתȥ
Īˣ浱ļϸ
˲һҶȾʲô˼ϧˡ
ЩҰˣΪӡңҾͲָơΣûи꣬޷ȫָģ
ҶһɨΧ¶Цݣ˲ʩչƤë׿ʼ̫һѾһɶȫٻָ
˶ãҶȾܰȻ뿪Ѱ̫ľ䡣


1073 ˾
űգ°Ͳɳɷľ޺żڷˣи̷ĥҶУһֱڰָơ
֪ȥһ꣡
˾룡
ոִһ̷߽п죬ͻȻʯڣһʢװݵĲ֡
ЩУȻҲƤķװȴøֲɫëͼڻ滭ʮ־ҰˣγɼӾ
мλŮӣ󲿷ַζëζɣƺڵ°Ͳ䣬ŮҪӣʮλӣӵţһλĪԼʮŮӣס
˶Ϊ˾
˾òһƣҲ쳣ǿ󣬳ϢһλǿߣȺҰУոմ峿ŵĺɻ£һ߲ë߲顣
˾ǵ°Ͳ֮һ
˿̣ССʯڵķˣżɵ뾪㵣Ŵ˾вƺ˾ⲻ
룬δЩ棬˾һ۾ҶϣҶΨһװ硰ࡱĹˡ
˾ۣͫ⣺ˣ
ǣˣʮ֣̣ûӰ죡һλç߳
˾һ˿ɻְ֮ƲΧʯһۣץһλСͷ죿

ҲһʯУһţһȫż̷ӡˡ
ˣҶȸչؽҶȴֹֹˡ
֣ҶȲŷִһ֮ȻҲһƤ¹Ϣ֮У̺ӹȼ֮
ȷһλͷ죡
ֻͷ죬ӵ֮
˱ʯ֮ϣһ׳˾˾˾ǰãץģʱ߻мΪɱ
˾һǰĿڰսӣΪأͨˣӵмϢһǰһͷ죡
Ǽ룬Ȼ㶼϶ǾͶְɣҪɱҪУҲ֣߰˰ԵصһЦƺ׼ˣ̩Ȼ֮
ͷ죬ɱ㣬Ƕǵ°ͲʧҪʽһУиļ룬У
˾˵꣬䲻УһȭͷСľ
ǿҵԪϢһֺȻԪɣһ߶ϢƶԷԪ̽ȡܣֲŮΪ룬һֱ򣡡
ԱߵҶȣ˫Թ˿ȤŴ˾ó򣬲ҶͫһƺӵƵġ
ƣعԪ
˾ɣ˾ͷϢʼϵת˫֮ǰ
˾дʣ̬ׯϣַһɹӡһ֮ˮϵ͸Ժ

֮⣬ɫأɵõһںƺʶҪѣϧǷӡֻ̫̣ܿŰˮâͷ
Լκ˱΢΢رۣ
°Ͳļ룬רԪ񹦷̺ԪԪطԪ󣬾ܣ
ҶȶԪУǿ糬Խڣﵽڸ߶ȣڣҲ޷⡣
ӡ˾߶ľٶҶѿܡ
һ֮󣬴˾Ȼüͷᣬҡͷû뵽Ԫƣ˸ӡ׼ӦǵѰ
˵ҵ׳ʲôܣ˽ۣĿȻᶨ
ݵò񣬵ȹʱ䣬룬㵽ʱжӲ
Ů˾΢ŭһ˽ĴҶǰǿҲ֮̾ҶϷ
Ԫ
ɲǼ䣬Ů˾մһӡٴתͷŰ߲⡣
ˡ
ҶȵԪƣ˲ܵ΢΢һȻһ⣬ԪâɵԪơ
̫Сˣ
ҶȹԪΡ벻ͬеʯŰֲϯȻڽûаֺ
ҶȸӦŮ˾˫ͫ·ȼһ㣬Ű⣬ԪƣվҶȵĽ֮ǰҪڵԪ
ϧͫαã޷Ԫơ
û뵽ԪƣҲǿ󡭡
ٿȻʧ
Ů˾һץ򣬿۵Ҷȣʮ㵣ֶΣ϶밽ǱΪˣ
޿ɷ棡ҶŮӵʡ
ǿ䱸Ǵ㣬ݱ֪ͨ룬һ֧ԮǾܻȡܣ֮Ҫ
Ů˾ٴҶˣΧçһһ뼸λŮ뿪˼
ߣҶ̣жӲ
žͣžͣ
ٱɭĴ󺺣̾ߣҶȵˣʼһĥ
ƻָн֮һҺż׿ܵʱյϢϻָ򵥿ָٶȾˣ
ޣ޴ϣҶȫӣȻʹ࣬Ҷǰǲʹۣм߶̫һںٻָƣ
ȥ
һͬƽһδζ̣ʯһֱصŰ֮
ʹûȥҶȣȴۣϲӡ¶һϸ΢ʹҶȺȻΧüͷ֮ϸһơ
һ֮̾УôһȼյϢƺΧмԪڶ
꣡
ͻȻҷʯΣһ棡
ҶȶʱȥȻλˣΧżȼԪˣȼ˿ȡƳķӡ
죡
ʯߣ˲ҲӦ仯ʱһʯڡ
ͣ
ͻأ֮䣬ʯΧʮӰ
ٶȣþˣƺڰ˲֣һг֣ɱһƬߡ
ˣ
ˣֱʯǰأ
ãƣ
˻ռ˵Ԫӡ飬Ȼһʯ˲顣
߳ʯΣ̴Ӻϣһ⣬һƣʼָȻޱ˶ųȻѪϴ̹ġ
Ѫϴ̹ģ
˲ȥһʯΣѰķ˾ȳҸǸʳҩЩҲʼָʼźˣɱʯ
룬ӳǧ˵İ䷸ˣĮȻ´Ѫϴһ
һѩޣ
ǷƵģҲ֪ڵ°Ͳжޣɱˣ°Ͳˣ˺÷顣
Ѵ˴ߣ
ż˱ҶǰֱһҶΧ飬һˣסҶȣһͬ߳ʯ
Ҫ
ֻӲڣӳķˣ˾ɱСˣǸŮԱһɱһ
ѧ·ĺӣҲնɱ
ܶԱ˫սˣֵͱһһնɱֱһĴɱ
ɱ޴ƽգ


1074 ̫
ЩˡֶδҲ̫Щⰲ̹Ĳ䣬Ӧֻǵ°ͲһСѣսȴǣЩͬƽϰϣ
ˮ飬ս¾
СˡˡԱ׷ڰУӣʬҰҾ徣ǰ
һĻĻҶܵдףҪεȵĳޣЩʧȥ֪
뵱ڷ֮ʱҶռƳǣҲδ׼ҡؼ壬ֻɱһЩǿߣɽԸɱڣɱĶմѪɱӡ
壬汾ȥΧץǸˣ
һֱδ֣żλ˱£ѺҶУűʬ壬Ѫɺӣ飬Ӧʲô˲һѺҶȥ
ùϢ
ԭҶԱںˣϢնɱ֮ոշɳӣǾͷһ⣬̾һǿ־ƿն
´ΪѴﵽڣԲƣ޷ڽֻ֣һ̡
ǿ־˲䣬ҶȲò뿪ͷź˼ٷƺ
磬Сǧڻָһ֪ŷλ
ǿߣԼԶǿ־£ڼٻָʱԺִһҶȾϲ
СǧȲĵ磬ҵıѾǳƬɽ磬ҲΪ첿ɽ硯Ĳɽ磬ңԶɽ֮һ
üͷһչ㵵첿ɽ磿ѵûȥɴƬʱɽ磿Ͼ첿ɽƬʱѾܽ
Ҳڵĵطûɽ硢ûм¼ʱգ޷ѰһǼ¼꣬Ͼ̫ûɽʣ޷¼꣬ԱʱգգһƬζ޷ӦĴڣСǧ㣬뱾ʱգԼҪʮʱ䣡
ԭˡ
磬ԵһЩʱ򣬵СǧٻָһԴ뿪
Ҫھͺܼ򵥣ԷһǿߣѲҵĴڣóȻ뿪ͱԷ֣״̬ٵȵȣʱһʧ
ã
Сǧʧ
ʱҶüЦݣԽ첿ɽ磬ܽСǧڵĴա
һõǧͼں֮󣬻Ҫټɵڣ
ڶüɵ
Ȼֻٶ֮ϣӵдǧͼӵɽĶ㴩󷨱ֻҪɽ磬߶֮󣬲þͻﵽڶ޷ٶȣҲΪδǧͼһȴܳΪ˶õľԭ
ಣ
㹦
ʱһƬϿȣոսϿȣʮӰΧԾдźƵİҰˡ
߳ӰҶ˲ס
Ϊˣ̫룬һװ磬֪ɽˣڲʿбˡ
λˣһСһ壬һȴһװ£վһΪЭǵƣȴΧҰ˼ɵ֣Ҷȶоһ˿˿в
˹Ȼǵˣ
һһ۸֣գҶԶͣ£ƳҶȼۣʧȥȤһĮ
УҶҲڸӦˣڡʵȴĽҪǿһﵽڵԲԲಢ󣡡
ৣ
Ƭ̼䣬Ӻ󷽷ĵӰ
Ϊλͷˣˣ÷ӡݺƷԪͨڷ˵Ů˾
Ů˾мѪۣΪǱں÷ӡţһᣬ£ϧô
߰ˣŸֶʱӭȥʩԵʮֿ飺³ͷˣ
Ů˾һһ𺳣㾹Ȼǰ³ͷˣ
Ǳϴα°Ͳֽ֣˱ǰ̹ĲأץסǻƽȮۡ
ˡ³ͷˡƺΪԸȥ룬ʯڵ龰һŮ˾Ը߰˱ȭ̫ϣлλʱȣ֪³밽սΣ
ͷɭɭЦֵͨ|ֵܰǰ䣬°ͲȻڽڰˣ˰꣬ⳡսͻô첿ɽҲû䣬ֻǰ䣬㰢³ͷƵİ³䣡
ͨ|ֵܣԸ֧ңڿǰһĺߣ³ͷ˻һ˿ɻ뾪ϲʵ
ͷţٺ٣³ͷ˸ֵ˶ôȻͨ|ֵܹͷ˷ıǣ
õͷǿĵ³ͷ˱˿һ֣ҶȾͱѺǰˣֵܿˣǲǴģ
߸ͷǿԴǣĮغɱǣӦǸԱߣ첿ɽѣҪ֪첿ɽΧķ籩Χдʯǿգһ޷ģֻһԣ
ô͡³ͷɫ˲䡣
ٺ٣ͷ˷ģͽǣͷ䲻ӦһڨڨضҶȡ
Ů˾ҶԱͷʩչǶԱ£ֻȡľõļʥϴ裬ͳͳÿ
³ͷͻȻ¶֮⣬˫òŮ˾
ޡ
ͻȻڰ³ͷŮ˾в죬߸ͷǿߣҪҶɱʱҶٿȻۡ
䣡
֮ķӡʱǿб
ٿ
һֱҶȼͷޣͻȻСβһڣſ죬ͰΧӡ
Ҷ޵һڸ߰ͷͷǿ󹥻Ҫѹʱ崩Ů˾İ³ͷˣȻŮ˾ƾյʧ
ûкۼûһ˿˿ҲӰ
ˣôͻأ뿪
׷
³ͷ˻Ȼۣ̻֣߸ָΪǲ֪ȥ׷û취һͷˮ˷
գۼ䣬գڲ֪ңԶһƬֺ֮С
Ҷһץס𾪵Ů˾첲ƺɭ֮С
򣡡
ոսӰգҶȱ߶򣬸Ƭֺ
ǰһӡסŮ˾ŵò᣺˼㻹ǵʵһЩʱ򣬵һָܷߣǸ³ͷ㣬뿪»֣
˵䣬Ů˾ԸԸ⣬ҶȱƯһԣ
꣡
Ҷ̫¯ԱߣȼΧҶȵƿʼӡ
Թ
ǳ˲ٵɵſʼһƬƬܾԶᣬӿҶ֮Уγһɫۡ
βΪķ֮Уֵס磬һǵ˺ɣ
ȻȻµ㣬ؼΣգ޷ԤϡԺߣСģ
ܲںϣǿķγɣξĿԺ֮ȥ
С磬Ȼвɵطë
ߣ
޷Ů˾̲סҶһ
ҶȵͷƳһۣ˵һָͻߣ
ǵ°Ͳļ˾᲻úŮ˾ȫҶȵ̫
Ϊǰ³ͷˣʡɣ
˲
ҶȱһƬģӰ³ͷоһû뵽񷴹һԴ
Ů˾ੲݵһԺȳ⣬Ҷ򰲾ʳڴԲ˼ٶȻָš


1075 
ſң
쵰ſң
ڣȻƬֺΧǾ׵Ȼ羰ư߲С
ӡסŮ˾еҶȣûи֪һֱ˻ơʹࡢš
龻֣ѰϢ
ȥ
һֱûжҶȣͻȻ˫ַֿһ޻龻ֻγɣ˫֮ת
ˣ
ֻǺһϢԶƿն龻֮С
ٿ
龻΢΢Ϊ⣬ڣվ̫ˣԶսҲ첿ɽ֮УҾ֪ʱսͬʱ뿪УôӦö첿ɽ֮С
ԭղŴ߶龻֣ǸӦ׿ܵϢ
ڲ֪ٵսڣʮǿĽ׿ܣӵҶȵϢȻû龻˲Ϣ͸Ӧˡ
ಡ
һץһȴСͼתŮ˾Ů˾Ҷʼ
Ů˾ǰֻڰգͼǰ𼤶㣬⴦Σ첿ɽһ
˵ˣңŮ˾ҧ촽ʵ
ҶȺ𾪵صͷȻֻһ·߶ѣûоҲǲսҵƬֻҪҵǣұ뿪첿ɽ磡
ǡ
Ů˾ƽȻŷͼϣüȻ˵ǰġɽҲǡ٨䡯أ
ǵ°Ͳ䣬սİ䣿
ҶͼȻһָŮ˾ӡϣӡһ˲飬Ҷȴһʧڣһɷӡ΢΢زסŮ˾ɽ٨ҶϤȥ
ԶţŮ˾޲ðҶȻ̵
ԶʵŷҲֻ֪첿ɽڣҸӦڵϢڣ򵼣Աܶ鷳㣬ңҲû˺㣬Ǿ仰ҵҵѣߣ
٨䣬ǰǿһ֧밢³࣬ǰȥֻ·һǵѣɽ϶Ҳᱻ٨ץס˵ѱնɱ
ܣûڣǾǰȫġ
㡭Ů˾õһʱ
߰ɣ
Ҷȿ˲ɳֺռٷȥ
¡
칦򣬷·ֽ벿ء
ֻಿ䣬ѻսУ
ɹٵĲ󣬾һƬ޴սֻսжķӪӴ紩Ӧǵ°Ͳ밽ĪԼʮˡ
սѳΪһƬ棬˫ɱʱ󷨴߶˫Ӫ
ֶҲմУ˱УжΪڻң
һ֮أȻ㼤ҵս
ҶȼŮ˾սʼ밽أٵĴӣԱ
ʱУҶȱʵǰǲɽ
ǵģŮ˾䲻ӦһµʵҶ
ҶȵһЦǲǸղż°ͲоԼ˵ĶԣҪսǲ䣬Ӧͳһ
첿ɽ籾ܺϧλ峤ʧ˫űչսˣ˽첿ɽ磬ǵԴ𣿡Ů˾дطʵ
˵ֻ·ѡ
һ䣬ҶȼŮ˾ȥ
أһɽεض𣬳ڹĽ֮С
٨أŮ˾ӸɽֿķĮȻ˵
ܺá
˲ϢҶͫһĻŮ˾һ𺳣ԼκҶȾֹͣŮ˾󷽷ȥ·һĴӣҲԼٵԱ
ʮɽ󷽣٨ʿΧһǰرβԶսΧ
Ů˾Զս̵ⱬ㻹˵㲻Ƕᱦߣ˵Զս
սҶģŲ㣬Ԫ
ʩչԪϢΪޣΪһ壬ҶȼԦռ䣬Ȼطɹȥ
Ŷ
ոտҶȾͼۡ۵ˣȻǲǿﲿ䡢Ҳ첿ɽʿ
ʮˣڳֻۣǰһڣ
һλˣֻܿ棬Щ٨ʿǧףǽƯսϷ
֣ضԣʱǣ첿ɽ磬ȡ
һϤս͸
̫ľ
Ҷ̴߶Ů˾˲ǧ֮ĿУ̫ľ֣Ž׿ܣվսڲգȻһƳϷˣĪˣ̫Ͽеǿߣͨ|
ͨ|Цеض·˵ٺ٣ǲȺ취ӶǵıѣƵλֵܼ룬Ǳɹд£
Ҫǣ̫ľӦһ
ͨ|Ȼưڸݣʢ첿ɽڵĳǿߣʧȥ䣬֪ɽ磬һڸ֣ҵûᣡ
ͨ|˵ǿߣǲ֮ǰ˵ǿߣҶһؿŮ˾ʴͬʱҲ⣬Ƭɽ磬Ȼڸ֡
ǲһ
Ů˾Ҷȵı飬ʧȥ󲿷ֵ⡣
ȻսڵˣΪУ첿ɽ磬Ȿðɽ磬Ϊλᱬս𣿡
ΪƬ֮ϣֱҵ°Ͳ밽ƿشСʮ䣬ǵͷ졢밽ͷ峤ڵľͷǧǰǵͷԷͷˣͻȻʧ˫ΪǶԷɱ˶ԷͷˣǺ
Ǿͱս𣿡
ǵģǧȥǵͷˣԷͷˣûϢǲȷǲǶԷͷ˶ͷµĶ֣ԣΪͷˣⳡս˫ΪԷͷΪƬɽΨһˣ
ˣ
ͷ˱ӡţǻţϧ˿ûиӦӦѲ첿ɽ磬һж޷϶ֻеȴȥǵͷˣ޵оͷƽ޹ʵʧһǰͷˣݺͷˣ
Ů˾˵仰޾ŭ
Ҷһ֪˫սôһ¡
һҲ˫ͷͻȻû˶ֶƬصǿߣ뵽ǶԷݺԷ
Ů˾һ˸Уòһ˪ͷʱ˫ȻСĦಿͷˣһֱֺƽδս𡭡ЩˣȻҰģڴʱԴ
Ҷȴŵ䳰ȷ֮ǰӦ³ͷ̫϶Իɣ³ͷ˲̰ô굽ӣ
ﶼиʴ֮ڣŮ˾ͫͻȻŴ޷ŭı顣
֪ǳͬ飬Ƕ޹ƽͷյҶȺȻ˵ҵа취ҵͷ˵ټȻа취ǰȴǺܴң԰ͷ˵һЩң֪ͷټⳡս£еķңֹͣ𣿡
ԣ
̫ͨŮ˾·Ǻһ£ȴźܴɻ
Ҷ̯֣Ǽ룬ӦӵУǣ£ҵˣܰȻ뿪𣿡
ͷ˸ҵ
ٿ
Ů˾߶ķɳһ߳ӡ
龻֣
һϢ̷ģʥϢΧƣ
ڹȻǿ󡭡
ڲķӡӵо޴ƺָо칬ִ׷ɱʱĸܡ


1076 ʱ
龻֮УҶȸо첿ɽϢȻ첿ɽﵽںϵزϢ޴ڡ
ǲӡǸֽءֻһЩ֮ءӵԨ񷣬ͬϢ
˵°ͲĴͷˣ첿ɽںϵ߰˰ˣǵ֮һɽףħڣ칬ǿߣ첿ɽ磬ҲǴͷ˶֡
ռʱ˺ͣ
ҸҶǿӦϻ龻ֵ°ͲͷʵڳԽڣﵽԲ
ΪѾɽ޵У޽֮أһǿߣħΪҲڣϴ׷ɱҶȵ칬ǿߣҲ಻۷壬δﵽԲ硣
λͷˣǻʵԲһ䣬ɽ磬ݺɽգ
ٿ
龻ƺҶȵĸ֪˲Ծ첿ɽ磬ȻУǿϢƯš
ϵ룬ͬϢգ
ͷϢһֱݺȥǡȴͻȻʧһƬӵգϡܸܵϢǴƯȻû䣬ƺʱбչءУ
ۣŻ龻֣ƺ޴أ˲һǰ̫С̫Сɽգ΢
Ů˾ڼʵϢ
Ҷȱ˫֣ɫƽĿˮ°Ͳ밽ͷˣȷû䣬ǵϢһֱͣںңԶմ֪УʲôΣ֮УҪȥƬգ֪
ҵƬʱգŮ˾ҪץסҶȵֱۣɼͷ˰ΣǶôġ
ҶһЦɳգȻܣǵٶȣҪʮң
̫ˣǾ鷳·ȥ֪ͨдСͷˣһͬȥƬʱգѰҴͷˣ
Ҷʮ㣬ּɲ⣬Ů˾ö㵸
Ҷ׼˵ЩʲôȻĿһԪ񲨶һ磬СǧղԪ󣬼һʱգСǧӦľ룬ƺ⴦ʱղңԶ
վܽ
ǵģ磬Ҳʮ꣬Сǧ˵һܴﵽʱգպôͬһλ
鶼һȥˡ
Ҷ˼š
󣡣
ͻȻ·һ֮𶯳ա
ٿٿٿ
ǧ٨֣֧ԮֿʼرԶսʩչ󷨣ʮǿ󷨡
Ҫ
սڣ̫ľ֣Ƴһ󷨸Ƕɫûжٱ仯ʮ㣬ΪսȻֻˣǻмʮ׿ܣÿһ𣬶ﵽԲʵ
н׿ܣ̫ľ˻ʲô
ͨ|ʮƬɽǿߣڨڨ·ˣٺ٣ɲܹ£ǰͷ´ķּʱλѣǺúɣ
ҶȺȻ䣬һӡֳŮ˾ӡͨ|֮ǰ˵һ㽻°Ͳͷǣ밢³ͷ˽ºͼʵſʱƽϢⳡսͷڵʱգλҲڷӡУ
лˣ
Ů˾һʱսӡ϶Ҷл
ಣ
һ֮˲Ů˾գ
ҶջϢವһٷ·Զս
˽ķƿ֮ǧ֣ͨ|ǿߣһһÿ߿գеϮ
ͨ|
ҶͻȻ۷ź⣬ڰ׸߿գӳ֣ͨ|һץ

ͻȻ䶯֣
ϲͨ|ڵΪǿĴڣȻҶȵĹͷųһħΪһħá
䣡
һָͨ|ոʩչħãͰħãΧݺݵץָħ˲ץ飬ͨ|¶־飬Ҫߣָ֪֮Ѿס
ӣ
ͷͷͨ|Ҷ˲ѹΧʮڳۣƲӻ죬һתߡ
򣡡
ҶͻȻǰֻ͵һŵߵʮ֣˲޷һ֡
֨֨
Χֵĳˣ˫ͫ͸źǰǿǿߣȻÿ˶޷һ£Ѫ⣬ϱǸͻȻֵİġ
ֻʮڵľͷȻƤǣһϢţ
㣡㡭
ֻʣͨ|һˣָ֮ץڣҲ޷Ѻ壬Ų³ΪˣֹҶȣϧû˿á
ͨ|˼첿ɽҪʲôҹܲˣ·ˣҵˣ㾹ҵˣƣ޵õֲɣ
ҶȻسͨ|ſƣ
Ǹᣡᣡ
ͨ|ŵ͡
ϧҶȴҲӶ޶á
ಣ
һΪǿڸ֣ҶָǰӱεţѪ׷ױҶȵġ
ͨ|Խ飬ҶɫԽԽ֮ܵˣƺһ̣ʮֵָ
ӡ
Ҷһָͨ|ϣͨ|ǲģ䳰һҪΪħʿҾ޷ͨ|ⳡս£Ҳ̫кܴϵ䣬˰ɣ
һ̷ӡ˲ͨ|ʮûеǿߣѾΪˡ
ҶҲǵĴȫߣЩǿΪƫƧɱӣ޶֪ȡٵı
ˣˣ
սڰˣһʼʶҶȣҶʩչͨǲڿǰİҶȣǿġˡ
ٴ߶Χ
Ҷ̳ΧЩ٨ĸ֣ļҶֶֿΣֻܿҶ˫ֶսһӣͷǿȻرսƶ
ûһ˸ǰֹ
ԶսرƯڰգҶȵһЦս֮Уս첿ɽȫٷȥ
ˣģ
Զս𽥽񷣬磬н֮գ̫ľҶߣİֺĿ⣬Ҷȡ
Ҷƽ˵ҵıģʱȻǵĹ𣬶ˣս֮ӳɷܵش
̫ľУս첿ɽ֮սû£㱣󷨣ѣǾϴ߶Ѱѷӡ󷨣޲ɡ
Ҳãô޴УȴǺܾˣˣֻһ⣬ƽ¾ͺãոо
գۼ䣬Զսͷɳ첿ɽ磬С
̫ľ̴ҶȼսǷ𣬻д󷨣֮սȴȻ
òҶٴս
ˣǰƺǻʱգ
£ȻһλּҴҶ
ʱգ
Ҷ̫ľʱɫ䡣
̫ľգԳֻʱղ⡭һֱȥʱգΣˣ
ȥ
ڻʱգ̫ľɵҶҲð麹Ϊɽ磬ʱվκĽء


1077 
Զսǰ˼װ֮ϡ
޾ңԶվͷȻ֮Уһһζε㣬˵硣
ÿһƺƺǶģ
ͬģ̫ӣһ磬кХ˺Ѵڲͬ߶ȵ㡣
׵ܰʯ˺÷顣
ƬȻ޴󣬵ǿԿ߼ʣֻƹƬգ²֪Ҫꡣ
ǻʱաһ˾޴ʱգ
̫ľˣʱ־̾
ʱɽ磬ڷǿգţΪ˶Ľأһ룬ֻ·һ
˺嫵ȻҶȵˣԸ˾ƬգҸطսһͬأսȥУֻлһ³ǰ;̫ΣգƬգȷȫ̫ľǰɣн׿ܶǣ޷ǿߣ뷴Ҫʲô͸ʲôһѵһ˵
ˣǰ̫£ڳۡڳ۶޷룬˲Ϊˣϻʱա
һ˿ǵĵؿҶȡ
֮Ƭգɽһ·꣬Ƭʱպ󷽣жҺҪĶұȥûǧգǻʱգҲ޷赲ҵĲ̫ľȳȥ
Ҷȹϵ˵̫꣬ľɳԶս
꣡
ոճգҶȲδüͷͷԱߴ֮һ֪̫ľȻպֱӰɱ㡣
Һãʱٻսףǿ㡣
ҶҲ˲ӦգѲ֪գϢ̫䣬ɵۣ˲ͳΪˣ䡣
ڣҲᱻ
̫ľԲǿߣǿ棬ûⷨͨպȻ粽Уһʧ֮С
ˣҲҪܵ˿ֲӰ죬ɷУֻˣƽܵٶȡ
۷壬Żϰ֮
ˣأ
սˣ̫ľ˲òٻսף㣬͸ɵηԦԶսԶһƬ硣
Ϊһ԰⣬֮󣬻תΪΪգգܲˣܵ
ĿԶսգ۾ͷնȥҶת̫ľһ䣬˫ִһӡ˲̫ľ
̫ľҲսڣϳֵһȻü¶ϲɫ˲оոȻȻо޴ѹȣǸ㻺رһ⡣
ˣգݺᣬֻҪµȻԶǿգߣǻʱգʶһ£ɽ˾Զ֮ĻʱգǸʲô磡
Ҷ̫ľ˲ʱա
ۿԿʱգҶ̫ľ˼꣬ʱգȻҶȲδʩչСǧǿΪշС


ͻͻͻ
ʵǸӶ䣬ûйɣҶ̫ľ˾񱻸ȥ໥ĴܴܵҺ˷쳣ǿ󣬻ԻѹԻܳס
ǰγһƬһƬ磬ռ亮ӿֲ໥Ħķ籩ӿ£һδι˷
˲ģٶȿʼʽʱգ
翪ʼӡոеĺڰŸֹâǻҰǴֻۡͣǳ䡣
ʱڵĸ㣬Ӿ޴еһͷеһɽеĿһǳأÿռ䣬һ㸲һ㣬ռ䣬ܼʯһЩǡ
Щʯǣ޷뿪ʱգԶţ
Ϊѹ̫ˣһռ䣬һҪǿ˿㣬ܽС
ڱմ粽е˵ѩϼ˪
ڻʱڵյΪûҶȵķ̫ľ¶޷ʱգһ룬Ҫȥڵ졣
ľס
ͨе磬Ҷȷ飬ˣͿ֪ʱеףжôľˡ
꣡
𽥽ʱգ̧ͷһǿյǺӣǸɫγɵ
ЩУͻȻһ磡
¡
һռľ޴ʯպñһУ磬ʯ˲䴩ѣ̱ը
ƽ飡
ףҶʵüɵ
Ϊӵ޼˻׵ĴУϵΪ̫Ӵʩչ춯أҲ⣬ϧһ߶չֳϢʱ칬ǬЩǿУͻ˳϶
ÿϵƽڻ޼˻ס
׵Ҷȳ˲ٿͷ֮УһĻ£̺޼˻׵ײ˺ѷ˺÷顣
κ£޷
ҲҪˣҶȴˣҪ޼˻׵Ĺ͡
ˣ
̫ľȲĺ
꣡
Ҷ̧ͷһӻʱ磬һֱӽƬռ䡣
ͳͳȥ
ٶȣСǧҲ޷⣡
Ȼٶȣ
£Ҷȸûʱκ뷨ʶҪף̴߶ƽ飬һ׹⣬ڱŷӡγ̬ܰպõϷ
һƺ׸оƽϢȻڼ߳߳һ£׷Ϸ
߳գ
ʼѹκη֮ϵģȻҲɵȻĶ֡
Ǿ˻Ӷ۰򣬰׺ݺݵһ𣬶Ҷ̫ľͱðУֱҷƬ㣬һʱգ
ֲײƽҶƿ£˫ʧȥ˸֪
ʱҶ̫ľһۣ·ףΪλʱ˵Ľء
Ҷûƽ飬ôղţֱӿܰ˺÷飬ѹڵĸ߶ȡ
ʱգ״ڣ޿ײ룬¾ڽ룬ҲηηšΨΨŵŵΪӪ
ԶЩƬףǳ̷
ҶһƳϿײ㣬㺮ëֱ
սףգ
̫ľҲ߶Ҷµķʼս׳֣ںڷƷ֮Уս׽̬ûΪһɳʥʥ壬һ˵еľ
̫ľȻһ֣ս׵ȷһֲϹͥǿߣУսҲԷӼƣ
ս仯Ҷֻ΢Ƭ̣Ѽʶ仯
ಣ
̷սͬʱ߶˼ӣɳƬΣյ

УϷʱʱȻǰʱսڴһɹɱڡĿĻ棡
Ȼڻʱȼš


1078 
ǡ˵еĻ𣡣
ǰִĻâҲΪޱȣðˣʹ̫ľٶȣ䲻һ
𣿡
Ժðġ
ȻκҶȾҵڻļ¼
֪ɽ磬Ϊֲļ֮һֻڻʱָ磬Żᵮ
ٵǿߣΪ󷨡ֻϵͨͻ᳢ѡ𣬵ɽܼԦߣ֮٣ߣֲ֮¡
ȻҲгɹߣ
ڼԪ֮˾ɹںϻ𣬴Ӵɽ磬Ƴһʱġ񵤡
һŻ񵤣԰ϴ𵤡ԪЧΪڵʱΪɽ˶õıϧΪ챦λǿ߱նɱ񵤴ӴҲʧɽ硣
ΪɽһʱڣĴ
Ƭʱգɽ޼¼ס𡭡
ŶĿĻ棬ҶȾͶŻʱգһֺȻľη
¸ӵС
Ҷ̫ľһʩչͨ㡣
Ͻ磬׵ˣֻȻХķ籩žȼճƬĻ
ƺȼ꣬ڷ籩£ҲϨ𣬾òȼţҲһЩǣճҺ壬Һ壬ȻΪһл
ϧ˱𱣻ţ޷УȡҺ壬޷ر
Ҷ̫ľֻű޷ȡǲ磬û˲ܵõ
ͻȻҶȸӦ֮УҪʲôϢʩչԪ̫ľڵĿռ䣬
ˣ
ֱҶ޿ռ䣬̫ľŲ˼ǰȼرʢ֮УȻӻһӰ
ӰΪ籩𣬶Ť
ΪмԦһ𲻷ĸ֣û뵽ңԶ֮УһҲ˴ţ
˫ͫضŻûвֻ޺棬ҶȺڴλڻʱݺ֡
̫ľһ𺳵ñˣʵ޷ţǿԷκ˵֮УȻ˰Ȼݺ
Ǻεͨ
ȻҲһЩڻγɵҺ
ϵӰڵ͸
Ҷ̫ľΪֹͣ
ֻһ۵ӰƮ컯Ϊʵֳһλһſ֮꣬ڣӿһɻ֮γһɻ汣ˣܲĹв
Ƭ֮УΨһһҺǰϲЦҺȻ࣬Ʒʻγмǧʱ䣬У㹻ˣϣҵķǱ
ಡ
̴һӡӿ֮ȡҺеľȻշȥ
Һòڡ
Ҷ΢΢˿ʧ֮Χ޿ռʧΪӦԲڣӦֻм֮ң
Ǳ˵ͬһ㡭
̫ľȻֻ֣Ϊ۵һսף¶ĿĹ󣬶һֱüͷظǼ֡
ǺǣĪţô˵ս׽
⸱飬һݳմҶȿԿ̫ľս׵ĸ顣
ԭ̿£ɹսںϣΪΪô˫оɱ䡣
˵˶ͻڣ
·𿴴˼ҶҲߣɾһľ֣ؿ̫ľȻ룬Ǿȥʶʶ
⡭
̫ðգԭ̫ľ˵ģǶĿû˵Ϊ̫Լǿ̫õǼļҴ֮ǰ֮ۡ
ڼɵͥ
ôΣնˣǶ֮УʲôΣտǵĲȻ룬͸øȥõڳɲɣȿ˵ʲô޻ᣡ
Ҷһκ⣬һļ΢΢߶̷̫ľȭͷսıƣһͬҶȥķ򣬼ٶȥ
Ϊоͨڻ磬УҶȶˣȴҪ쳣СķС
𣬴һ㸴ӻʱգеˣȼ̫ˡ
Ҷʩչط׷Ϣһ·βƬνʱգĻ𼸺Ϊ𺣡
ոշ벻ã˾Ͳòͣ²Ϊ봦һ΢΢ȼյȼյٶȲΧô״γУ΢΢תһɽ
Ϣ̫£մһ棬¶޷˦ڻ󲿷ַ㿴ˣУȻһ
Ҷɫ糣ǰĻдɽֻ΢΢ȻܿͿдɽǰǻ꣬һ֮ڣͨƿ𣬾һĪԼߴĳɫᦡ
ɫһϵǻɽ룬ֵһлУϵȼţ
˷
Ҷһ⣬һЦ˲֪Ǻ·ĿǽһððȻչɱУҰѴԼʱ䣬ӵս׵Ļᣡ
һͺݳޡ̫ľż̾
ಣ
£ҶȾʧڻ磬̫ľ¶мɫȴᡣ
˸ӦÿһЩ˲㳲
գ֮䣬ҶȾĶ̷ھ޴ɽ꣬Լǧ׾롣

һ̷֣ʧȫһҶȾòʩչ̷ΪӵԲ꣬ʱձȼٶȡ
Ҫһ㣬Ƭʱɽ磬ûм¼˭֪ûиǿڣҶȸӦ°Ͳ밽ͷϢҲƬʱգͨԶʱա
ԸӿԿ϶ʱգԼ󷽵ʱУ϶ֹôһǿߣʩչ̷ǿ߷֣Ǿ鷳ˡ
ɲһξ׷յصζ
ٿ
ҶȻâͻȻ̤һǰٷȥ

ɳףͻȻһ޽Ҷγɿֲը
ţ
ͻȻֱѳɫģֿÿҶȣΪҺò׷ֵģˣ
꣡
һ̻֮Χͷųƣƴ̳Ҷȥ
ϵˣ
ҶڨڨһЦɵ磬Ȼÿ񾭶ýģĵǲҪȡܡ
ಣ
˲ҶȱɳƬա
꣬Ԧ𣬷·һ㣬ΪһƬƣ̤ڻϣ˲伱׷ȥ
ᣡ
Լ
̫ľȼյĻǰ̬˲ʧ̴߶ҶʩչķԦΧתΪԼԦ
ƬԻѹȣࡣ
ಣ
̴һ֮Уսף˲аĹ֮Уһʱ䣬սð̡


1079 ҹ

ͣ
ҶӿֲȼյĻԱƹĦ籩ȼյͱͬŭĻħɿռ䡣
ȵƺҶȳȼһҲѹƣ϶ԿŲǡ
䣡
һӰֱӴӹУһȦȼյĻԲȦǿԷǵڶ
ǸĻꡣ
ֶͬͬԴ
Ȼ磬ȥ磬Ҷ棬ͨȫ޷ȼ硣
ҵҪ˵кСǧƬʱ󷽣Ҫ˳ﵽƬʱգ˽Ƭգ
Ƴһ꣬ĿⲻΧǻ⻷⻷ڻд磬ﵽڲе
ಣ
׷𺣣ҶʩչٶȣǰһƬ㣬ٷԾȥ
ֻޱ󣬴߶֮ǻ֮У֮ܰչѹ빥ͨ衣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɳ𺣣аĻˣռҶȣʵǺη֣
Ǻη֣
ҶȲһƳԭһ뼸Ƭ֮䣬󣬼һʱգ겻
׷ҸϣֳԽ˵ĳֶΡ
һ׷ʱĵ
ʱ˼ͬʱԾһޱߣſֲ籩׵Ŀռ䣬ףΪɵˡ¡ϯӡǺˣ
Ȼ˿׷ɱʵ˫ûóұ죬ڱʵ̽Է
ߴꡮƵޱߡͬ˰΢𣬸Ǻηǰ
»ǵһνƬա
ٶȷŻҶǧף籩籩Ϸʱʱһס
һЦʦǡҹȡߴ֮һ뿪ʱգ㲻Ϊ֪ʦ˼һһƺţ۾
ҹȣ
жʱκˣȻԶɽĻʱգ˵Ľأһȣҹȣ
ӣ԰ʦ˼ͨ޵Уϵڴܣݺҹȶ꣬ߴߣΪǣʦ£Ļ磬˭Ҳ㣡
ڡ
ڡ
ɵо㵳̾Ȼɽ۷磬ֻϵǿߣǿʵڴˡ
⻹ֻɽգ޽֮ء
У˽ô࣬ҶȴʱңҺ֮ǰûжչɱУȻ޷Ū棬һ޵еǿߣڻʱݺᣬΪߣôһǾǿߣħаᲢ۵ġ
֣ʦ£磬ݺ裬Ҳʶʱյֶ˰ɣ
Ҷ˼Ҷȶ˼üͷЦ⣺֮Բɵݺᣬɲµʦ˼ңľڣɽ磬лĴڣָɣ
Ȼ̫ˣҶüͷһʣȻлĴڡ
ֻ˵ųƻǻо޴ˣǻв

ҰףʱգȷѰлָ߿֪۴ƢΣǷ¿ζԿǡ
ȡʱ䣡
ҶȰһʱ䣬Źȥһʱ⣬Ϊ̫ľȡʱ䣬ʩչ־һ׬һ롣
˳㣬ҶҪ˽Ķ
Ȼ⣬κɻ¶Ϊһһ֪
ɫһҶȺ䣬ԼҶת䣬ϣƻָ糣Ϊʦ˼Ȼл𣬵Ƣȴ𱬣ڻҹȣ¸أ
¸أ
Ҷȹ˼һһ
ͬƣͬһԻֺʵ֪ҹǸʲô磿һɢޣδŹڻʱ֮УᵮȣԹκιżδй¼
ʦ֪ܲȻֵ֪ô»Ҫ㵺һƬʱգʵϸԪѵϹţƬʱԲΪ֪ǺżԪ𣬱ǡʯƬȵȵʣЩʣڻ֮УܹգȻ漣ĴЩʲϵ󣬼˶£պʲ㲻ϵضѻʱգѻһƬ
޽֮γɣࣿ
ˣ޽֮γɣǸӾ޴˶޽֮صʣǴģΪŻںգʵʣ𽥵˿ȥ޽֮С棡
㵮ʣһˣҲ޷ʱɣ
Ҷд󺧣һֶȻĸоȻ֮ȻҹȣһССɽ޽֮
˵Ƿˮ
ǼҶɫһһէһһϣһӸµƣһȻ޷㣬ȻƬգɽ̫ңԶ궼һˣҲһЩˣУѰұӼԪ֮ûҲǧʱգ
Ŷ
⵹ǸҶȶݵϢƬգСǧʮܵôͨˣҪǧʱ䣬
ǣңԶǰй˺ߣ˽Ƭ֮ء
ҹߴߣʵҲںܾǰʱգֻҹȲˣ£֮ǰҲһңԶӵܣ˭뵽Ƭգֺ뵽껹ǸոսڵңѾԲлᣬ̤ڣ
ԭҲǲˣڻҹֹھͷ
ʱҶȴһ̾ҪУ̽øܡ
ɽﶼпܴڵľͷȻҲйٵӰûҲֻԴѣ
˵ٴҶȣʲݺᣬ¿ȥµһ
ꡭ
ͻȻ˵仰ҶҲҪʩչ־ʱ
ȻӺͻȻһ֮
ȥֻ񷣬֮أȻһƬ˵Ľơ
ڶɽ٣һ٣
ã
һͻȻٵ٣ûһ䣬Ȼתͳȥ
ಣ
Ҷʱǰ֮ɫ˵֣Ϊǲȥ¿ǶǰкøУ
ߣǸߡ㾹Ҵ⣿ߣ⴦ҺòѰģ㾹Ȼ
ɲǼ䣬ڴŭüͷŭ
ҶȻһģҶûռ֮ֻ֮ԴΪҵѣѣ˭֪ȴڣ


1080 
Ҷ˵ѣȻ̫ľ
֪һ⣬϶ɼжôŭ
ǱҶȰһˣζɲܣ뵱棬Чࡣ
𡭡
ݺݵһۣǻ֮ٴγ֣Χл𣬶ʱ֮һݡ

ˮ㳯Ҷȳȥ
˾޴ˣҶȱܣûԦ𣬳Ϣȥ
֮ϲ̫ľڣƻ٣̫ľһɽʧܣ޸ܡȻУֻѰصܣǱԡ
ڨڨЦݣҶ̴߶ƺȻһֱӳȼյĻϿա
֣ߵ̫ǻкܶ໰ģ
¿ɶˣ
κҶȾʹԽһ㣬Խ׷ϼԦ֮λڰջе
޷˼ҶȣҲ֪ԷѲйԻͷɷһۣң³ܲң
Ҷȴٲڻո׷֮ǰǱ׷ŵߣҶȴַɳռ䣬ҶȵհЦ㣬ܵ˺кη
ߣ
ĿһᣬΧǵ֮ʼͷŸǿҵĻ档
䣡
䣬˽һƬռ䣬ͼգվһ𱻰ɫʥӣڶԿһĽٻס
һһ˺ѵ֮лӣӵȻϢ·Ҫȫ顣
٣ɽߣͷս׻̫ľ
ƣ
̫ľɱıŭ죬ɷ˵˫ڶɽٵ̫ľ˫չһ
¡¡
ΧʼγУʮɾ޴󣬺ڸ߿գڿ͵ؾȼţ㻯ΪʶĻУ̫ľķձڶȥ

ǧֵգ
סΪѶԸٵ̫ľܵˣͷһɵõһںһ԰ס
һô֮У
ٿ
ͻȻһֻƤСӰӣƾճл֮УңһβӰ
ֻسڻǰСβͣģƺֱܵſͣһҺɫϢ

ô޴͵ĻͷŵǰɫϢ㱻޷·㣬ϡﻩСӡ
޵ͨŵ䲻˺һɪɪزʲôޣ
ǿߣ޷׼Ԧɽ
˿̣ȴһֻССˣ
޿֣
һӰ޵سߣҶ¶شʹȥģ޷ߣ˵ֻһĴߣ
ܺáܺã
ϣֳɭɭĮЦȻһֻޣǵͨͨһ뿪
ʣɵӼǾοȸ֡
¶ģҲ˵ˣҪҵıȴûжᱦ֮ͼֻܽѹ
ʵ𣿡
Ҷȸޣ·ѹƲס̰ģȻ󵭵ʵǴģ̫ãִ֪֮УǺεȵ磬Ȼʱ˽֮أǲ˿ƣ
ᦣ
ɲǼ䣬䡣
ǲΧ֮ΪһƱ£һȼյɣſ죬һ
ĳᦡ
ҶһЦһץһʥǹֳһ󷨱޵һᦣһƲöɵʮƷһλְ֮ɣһӵлı£ʱգȻռʱ˺ͣһԲΪû뵽ǿߣ
ԲҶĿǰʵҲﵽ׶ζѣ
˲ʩչʥǹһ̫һɣ
ͻȻ߶еĻᦣɱϮȼ
꣡
Χл˲Ϣڣ
ڴʱҶȴԭʧеĹʥǹѴ

û뵽Ҷȵٶȴﵽ˾ˣ

ʥǹĻ֮ϣ˫۶ãҲŷȼ
ৣ
ᦱ·߶ʲôأȻСף˲ΧҪȵĻ档
˰Ȼ˷ʤ
Ԫ
ͬʵ߶£Ҷ˲ʩչڶͨԪ쳣ȻϮǰɲǣ˱ʧˡ
ռͨߣԭǿռֲ֮ʱݺᣬԭ˺Ŀռǿߣ
ȻлᦿʼתС֮Уǰһ򣬻նʱһɾ޴Ļ
һΧ˲뱬ը˺ռ䣡
ͣ
һɹܼըȻеҶȣƷһðẓ́Ƿܵ޴ѹȣŻ
ܣ
Ҷһץʱȥ

ҶȵĿռͨʮֿյ֪ҶȾȻʱӶᦣһɹɻҶȡ
Ԫ
ͻȻ䣡
ɳգҪΧͬʱըΣ֮ʣҶȻΪӰͬʱΧҶӰ
˶ֳܣٶȻǶͬʱײȥ
䣡
ٶ̫죬չֳռ֮Ĺأ޷Ԥϡ
ײ룬ҺһƱ£ʱΪ֮ñֵܵ⡣
ǿͨ
ɫһһףǱܵİԵȫɢ
Ϲ湦֪֮ӣ
ҶȺȻ˺Ҫͬʱһӡ

Ȼʼ졢ãβֻһѣγһ
֮С
ɫĹ֮ҶȾѰǿֿУһʧϧˣķΪ俪ʼںϣδﵽһزȻԲҲԲζѣ
ССͨʲô
֪޵ͨ뷨ʵʿ⣬ʵȥԿ
ʱ߶ᦣת˫ָ߸Ȼǰ棬ݺݵƳ

ܺݺݵһڰҡҡ׹
䣡
ţһ߶ᦣܣһνһΣϧÿܶʧȴǼ̲ߡ
Ҳɱ㣬ҲҲͨ籨ţвֻԺֲԪƣԸң˼˲Ԫ޸ϣ
ৣ
ҶͻȻһһ֮ϡ

һɹԪ͸ܣΧηҶԪĶ֡
ŷ֣ҶǿĲԪ

Լʱ俹⣬ͬʬһҶǿԪƣŲʣԪӡӿԪ
Ҳط롢ʧ
ԶӿҶڡ


1081 
ͣ
֪
ոʧָɣ߶ᦣһ֮ѶײڶҶüĴ
˲Ϣֻкֻ潣ľҶüҲֻк룡
ٿ
ҶȻһ䣡

潣Ȼֹʹ׹֮У˫ֱͷʹţӷ
ҶȴʱϢ䣬ĮȻظɫһ·ǲ֣Ҳ⣬㣬ֻǲ鷳ѣҪʱ̣ɱ㣬Ҳһֱ׷ɱҰɣ

ʱŭҶ˵꣬վ˫Ȼ߶š
ৣ
ʱϿͻȻȥ˺ѳհĴ֮
Ҷ̧ͷһܲĻʱ񷣬ףĽơٻȵȶʧ
һ̫ľ·ԡΧƣȻĦ飬ֻڲеԾ֮ΧսףҲ֮ǰĿҫۣƺ£кܴĸı䡣
ֻ޷ӵжԣ
˵δɹ֮ǰȫ
̫ľҪһʱָ
Ҷһץһ̫ľմȥ
ҿ𣿡һֱԱߣ䶢Ҷ̫ľʱָźʵ
ȻɵģֻҪҴ鷳ͺá
ҶתУΪҰһ£ڻҹȣһ£ҹȸգʲôʱմڣǰΪҰ£뿪ʱʱΪ⿪Ԫƣ
ǣ
ʱ߶֮ǻҹȷ򣬷Ӷȥ
˲üԦ
ǵʧϢҶһ𾪣֮סµоͨ˽ɴƬʱܣͨõܣҪġ
ңԶʱգΪľǴǧͼ
ΣգҶҲŹκܡ
ıɣ
طɹһƬ㣬һʱգҶƯϿգָܵ޴ѹӿ
ǾһãУƳΪ֮ͬԭ־еĴڡ
ֻǣҪ˾޴ߣܣ
Ҷȴžֻѹȵ޽䡢ֽɽ編ҲвջΪҽͳԽڣﵽڵĸ߶ȡ
޷봢䣬Ӳ𵤣ҶΪһӴ𵤣𵤾һ̫һѹ
ȻûаգҶȾͲȥ
ѵͰװ׸ˣ
ҶһƳּͷޣ̰غţƺоƬգΪ
ˣ
˼һ֮ʣͻȻҶ͵뵽ʲôʩչԪΧȫңΪ˱ܣ߶龻֣ȫɱ̫ľϢ
һ׼ȥʱ䡣
ಣ
һĽˣʥسҶǰ

ҶӵеıУ˾ָˮΪ춯أһ֮ǿ󣬾̷Ҳʮ֮һ
ڣ˵棬Ҳһܷӡ
Ҷȸ󼤶Цݣںϣʹõˣ̺޵ϢҶǴߡ
ȻҲҶȳ
Ҷб֮УֻҶȿĴ߶ΪĳҶȿ֮ͨ͸ڲ󷨣״߶󷨣ʩչԣʹó̶ϣȫ䡣
οҶĿǰҲ޷ļԦ䡣
ಣ
һӡ΢΢ػӶ֣һӡУǻͷų
ৣ
ȻʼһͻȻͰһɶʱҶ϶ʱŻƶĺ飡
Ȼ߶磬ϧҵΪֻ̫ܴͣ߶ٷ֮һ޷ӳ
ϧ޷ʹãǱ
ƯգҶȾ߶ȡ⡣

ʮ꣡
һ޼ʵУƺһſǡʯñǰȻһƬ߼뾡ͷĻʱա
Ƭ羡ͷ·ʱվɽ硣
̫𺳣ֻȻŻᵮ˲˼漣
ס籩ڻӡ˺ѣ𽥵أһһƬƬ£ڻʱһƯĴ½
Щ½һ𣬻ܽǾʮңԶģֻʱա
½Ͽգʱʱ̶̿ס籩ݺᣡ
еһ½ԼɽһЩΪӴɳͬ½ƯڻʱеĴ½ǻ
ʦ𣡣
½֮У֮УһϵĴɽʵǴɽһЩڻҺ֮γɵĶѻʣԶԶȥһɽ
ɽۣ֮һڻĻ칬
һӰæش칬

˻ţɺͳ˵ΪʦɣΪʦҲ£
һӰ칬ɳ˲
̼򿴲ĻӰ˵
Ŷ
Լ㹦վǻӰ΢΢һȻޣ
ǵģͽƭʦ𣡡ֵ˵
ΪʦΪҿԪƣʲôƽ⣬ΪʦУֻҪͬڵĸ֣κνƽ⣡
Ӱһƣͷ­ϡ

һʹţӼŤΣһɹɹģӰͷŵĻģʼԿ
񣡡
գİѹıƻԺȻʹ࣬ӰȻһӿڣû뵽һСķӡ֮˹졭ΪʦʱԪĽƣӡ㲻ټɵƣΪʦϾͳأ
ͽʦ𣡡¶Цݡ
Ӱ̻Ϊһ棬칬֮С
ʦܣǱ
ȻһӣջУͬԻ֮սٶһ䳰ȷ
ߡ
ȴû֨ķַϢ

ȻǾܣиԪӡ֮ϵϧǿֲڣ޷Ĩɱҵķӡ
ҶȻڴ߶
ֻü̷ӡֹͣԼʣ֮һδڡ
֣²깦򣬾ͻ
κϢޣȥɣʣģģ
ٿ
ֱӱʣ
ಣ
̫ľǿϢӸ߿ʵĪ鷳
鷳һھͷöãɱƬʱգǵ뿪Ҷȼ˵˴š
Ǿ͸Ͻߣ
ڣǿɲܿģ̫ľš
ٿ
Լʱ޾ȻͰʣˡ
ô˵ٶȣ
в˼
ಣ
Ҳûפ㣬һȥ


1082 칬
ԼĪ죬ڷɳһʱգ籩ʱա
籩ʱճ˷籩Ϊձ飬ʱգƬʱոΣķ
ҹڸ֡Ǿʹݱȥս
ķ籩˺ѡݺ㣬ΪȻ𾪣Ҷ̫ľ籩ĸ߿գҪ̫ľڴ˷ֱ
ڣ
̫ľϼ䲻鶯£ڣڣңԶľ룬ϰڣҲһǿߵĶ֡
ǲ࣬޷Խľ룡
ãһῴսİɣ
̫ľҶȵͷϵ󷽻ʱշȥǸķ
Ŀ̫ľʧգҶתҷȻǸӵʱգƬʱյķǻҹȣСǧڵķλ
߳ɽɴۣҲܶĵط
ಣ
ҶӿΪɰСǧҲҶӵգ磬Сǧֻܰ˼ͷκƿСǧһͨ𣬸ӦҵĴڣ
ᱣ㣬Ժ̷ٶȣǳԽģϧ޷ӳٶȣɽ磬Сǧ㻹ٶģ
ٺ٣
СǧҶ˲ϢһЦ㻯ΪʧҶڡ
Ҷʩչ𵤣СǧںԪӡʵʵСǧĵ⣬Ҷһע⵽
ԣڻĽɱģӵһռ䷨ڵõСǧ֮ǰȡСǧ⿿СǧĵطͻᱻƿСǧǿߣͨӦСǧϢ
ֻҪһ߿ܣҶȶֻܷƬգʹСǧ
ûСǧҶȵʧȥֶΣȥ֣˭뵽Ľֵõ̷
̷ȻûдͨշеٶȣȴǿȾͷǿߡ
ӡСǧ֮Ҷҹȷȥ
ƬʱȻܹҶ㻨˼ʱ䣬ٶȣԽһֲ㣬ա
ʱպ󷽣ȻգӼеĻҹȡ
⴦ʱգҹȻзǳңԶľ룬ûСǧٶȣҪܵѹƣֻʩչ̷
ƯգоպӾˡ
ķԽ󷽻ʱսƬգ㱻ʱʱѱɰױܣ¶Ҫɱ㡣
꣡
֮⣬Ҷȱ

̷һģҶȶʱӥУɽлҪ켸ٶȣݺ᰿衣
գۣȥ֮ң
ٶȻ죬ٶȴѹȣӾˣƺҶڲĴ̷ֻշУ޷ҶһлÿҶΪȥԿѹȡ
ÿһĶ裬ʹҶȷɹһƬƬգǻʱգԽԽңԶ
죬ǰȻǺڰģ󷽻ʱҲΪԭ㣬Ҷȳ׽ɽգ籩ӵľˣʱʱ̿ڱᣬҶһһᣬֲһ죬һȫΪ㡣
ʱ壬֪жأ
ŲϽգڿյ磬һЩʯ㣬һױеСʯڵ⣬Ϊʡ
ܵѹԽԽˣһ㳬ۣ޷ﵽֻڵˣǿ롭
߶̷У̷ҶҲﵽʵ۷״̬ɵ۾ŽΪڲ飬ʵ漣
ҹȣ
ɹƬʯǿպҶȱͣ˫ͫرǰһƬ졢з籩ӵޱ磬𺳲ѡ
ǰƬҹȣǰߣܿɽգռˣű֮ǰĻʱգ޴ٱǧ
￴ȥҹȵǺƽ籩硢𲢲񱩣ֻߵĴڲ֪Ƕôյ硣
źҶȼʩչ̷ҹȣ̷Χռ⣬ÿһĶںϡĦӿ⣬Ҳӫ⡣
ԽҹȣҶȾ͸оһҹȻҪӴ٣
һ֮Ҷʱǰʱ͸Ű졢ҺڵĹâҶҧ˲С

գ۾ͽһƬ籩㣬籩ӲͷʱʱҶ̷Ϊ籩סԭʹûʱڲպ룬Ҷ޷ɶӰ졣
ΪҶȻûòıϢ֮ǰˣȻСʱ֮С
֮ǰڻʱѾһʴ˽ҹȾͱ׶ˣ
Ȼʡ
ǺĿ꣬·У
Ȼ䣬̤ƬʱգͷһԼƯŵĺɫʵر
Ҷ̤رʮּӲѿʮƷЩʶʱոʴܴضӲޱȡ
֮УоϢȴһصǿңҶȿա
ʣȥɽ磬һʲϣ
ںɫرһȦûʲô֣ѼʶʵʵĴڣڴɫر޴Ĵ½
Ϣ֮СȻϡŵ°Ͳ䡢ͷ˵ϢʧĴλãҹΧϢڣ˵ҹҲһЩʱ򣡡
ʱ޿̶ڽӦΧϢ仯
شУӦ°Ͳ밽ͷ˵Ϣʮ䣬Ʈ죬֤ͷˣҹȡ
ʱҶѰѴλø߸°ͲŮ˾ܴܲ첿ɽ磬ҹȣǾͲҶȸȥǵ顣
ͷˣҲҶʲô£
칬
ǼУһʱȻһƯĺɫʷҶȵǰ칬֣Ĵۡ
Ȼûƭңҹȣǿߡ
Ҷȿɲ̤칬ͷŸӦط֣칬֮ڣһ޴Ĵ½֮ҶȱšüͷĪߴߵأ
칬ǽһʱɣҷģ칬ΪѴңֻҪɱʯϢܴ籩Σգ
ǵǿУ칬Ҳܱӻ
ʲôˣߴҹٹ̵Ĵڣνǿѹͷߣţ
Ȼ֮䣬ĸӰǱϽȻԥͷ칬ڵĿռ䡣
ԭҹȣôɱ
ԻҹȻ˽⣬ĴȥڣЩ˽칬İͨ
룬ҶҲż˷е·뷽򣬴󷽷칬ء
칬ռ䣬ΧȻǿֲķ籩ȴûжףƺǿʩչͨı֣ԼаʱҶȾͼһƯľ޴Һɫ½
칬кĿģ
Ҷ̤½֮ϣȻһֳţһīˣżͬī۵ˣӽֳҶǰ
ڡˣһԲΪϢʵҲϯӣôˣ칬һҲǸ߲㣿
ſſɫէҶϰԴʮֽع۲⼸ΪϢóõϢ


1083 ҽ
ڹ󱦵һʱ䣬з㣡ĮȻʵԼԱ߼˵ķҶȹɫʩ
Ȼԣֻ֪أ
һƻҲ侲۲죬˼ֻҪ̤칬ͻֱܵѵģǵһһҪһǧƷʯøַҲԣЩˣѰģڻҹȣ˲ٺơ
Ҷͷ̤һһˮйӦӣ
ȥ
Աһλ꣬һۡ
üĿ㣬һ֮ˣҲԼеĺۼһ֡
Ҷһһʩ칬ҷ
ҽٴķǿߣҲһиһ˲ӣʦ𲻻Źǣ
ǣʦ֣
˶һΨǴӣӵС
ĴϣȻЩɫĴ֣ΧҲвӵɽ治ǻʱա
ϧЩ֣ӵеϢܹŹ֣͸ȽϢ
ǧƷʯ
ԽƬɽǰԼּʯƵĽ
Ҷ겻ϿҲӴץһŷӡꡣ
أǲⲻ˭ܵǵıӻģ칬Խύ˷Ϊ֣ͬѰĸ֣ϣ֮䲻ҪĦ㻹ʲôҪҿṩ㡣
͸⣬ɨӡȷ֮󣬱ѷӡ봢䣬Ȼ䲻ȵʵ
ҶһĻŭţױ˽ҹȣԤϣ򾲵ʩ񣺡ʱҪҹȵĵͼԼΧڵĴͼԼһЩָԪĵҩ
ܱǸҹȵͼ칬ûУҲûУʵûУҹȶǿߣǲϲԼƿرĵص㣬־ᣬⲻƵͼֻһ칬ķĴŵͼ
ಣ
˵ֻ֮һıɫʡͷεĶȻӿһ⣬תĵҩͼҪǧƷʯɵΪԪ񵤡աԪʱաһŹҺ칬ϹƶɵɵҪǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯ
ݵͼŵȷЩɵѣⲻթ
ϵˣ
ɵҡͷ˼ҵͷ˼ҶóˣǮȻ˼㿪ǲҪǾͻˣҪҲǣҪҲǡ
Ҷϻûֳٶɫô꣬гԹľû뵽칬˵ɵӡȥ
ڴһʯʱץһӡꡣ
ʦ֣
õӡһЦһ֮󣬱һ˦ӡ봢䡣
ΧգһʱһӰˣ깧
λѣҪϢ죬λʦܶ⣬úչչˣƺҶϷһʺƣҲҶȸչˣһӰҶȽһʯ

̤ʯҶȱоΧһֲ֡
ҽ𹬣
Ȼһ֮ҶȷﻹʮϢ
ǻҽ𹬣λѣ´ҶǱҽ𹬶İɣλ֪칬ˣҲ֪ǵ⣡
Ҷʯ룬ʯ࣬Ȼӡ򵥣Ǹ˸ожġ
࣬ʮˣɫɫΧһԲ¡
۷׷֮ʼҶȵһȻĮҶȡ
һλˣǸ߶棬˷׷վҶǳ⣬ƿ֮УӦǣ˵䲻ģУǾһȺˮǻǾͻЦǹҧﶷ
ǣǣ
Χһһͬᡣ
𣡡
ҶȴЩɫԻɿóҲ칬У˰Ҳڻҹȣܴ졣
ֵ룬˻ƣҶ໥ʶʶ
ˡơӭҶ֮УȻҽһҲԼĳƺ
پͲö֪
һʶһΧԲձȽ֮ǰǢ٣óơɹ
һģǻƺȻѻ⣺֣ҲΪҽ𹬶

ʱ˶Ҷȣ
ҶΪ˱ʾҲóһЩ򵥡ȴʮֺõɵҷƺȻһʱҶȱһɨˣϴҹ챦֣ǻҽ𹬣֮أһ¸ոδ֪ҽ𹬸ϢǺҲδ˽⡣
ֵ̹Ȼ
ˣ
ƵˣڴҶȵĻش𣬵Ҷֱ˵Ϊ˻ҽ𹬣Щ˶ʱһƬ⣬Ʊͺ
һݰͰ͵ƣ֮ƴ磬ʶ㲩ڻҽΪ˽⣬ƴ粻úΪҽͽͣˣдˣΪ˻ҽ𹬶ҽ𹬣Żۼ
ҽ𹬣ƬգΪϵĴ˵
̽⣬̾Ϣ֮ÿ˶ҶҲϸţƵԶɽգ֪˴ƬʱյĴڣϹżԪ͵ˣԪӼԪ֮񣬲ŻΧ˷֣һЩǿ߽ᱦǰвٱ޽֮ص̤߽أԲŻᵮߴߣԼڵǿʱ̾ڴˣҹȺܾ޴󣬾ߴߣҲδشȥڻҹΧдССĻʱգһΪԪʱգڼԪ֮һ𹬣һ£޽֮˺Ѷ׹£պԪʱգԺʱʱͻӻԪʱգһЩ⣬ʱһӰ˵ǿߣŲɣڻԪʱգŻԪ𹬣ڽ棬ı
˵ǿɷѰ
ʱ˺治ѵļʵ
ԱһλˣվҿԴ㣬ҹߴ֮һžڻԪʱգõһöģںϻ޵Ͼ磬ǲʵ
ߣҲõٵıԼһЩѰǿߣ϶˳ɹڻԪʱյõ
˵ܶ˽ԪʱգĪʧˣǰãڻԪʱڣڸֶһԲľͷʧ˻Ԫʱգ֤һȥõĽأ
漸ˣҲһʱš
һ岿ľˣ
ӻƵ˿Уŵڻҽ𹬵Ĵ˵ҶҲһƬκˣǣǻʧĲͷǰ䡢ǵ°Ͳеһλͷˡ
ġ
һڵǿߣȻʧڻԪʱգôԪʱգжôΣգ
ϢǰûԪĳֹǿߣѰߴߣƺҲһͬԪʱգѰһԪ𹬵ĴڣϾô꣬ٵǿߣڻԪʱУѰҳֵ
һ΢΢ֵ˺ȻվŽüΪ΢˵ǿߣ˵Ļҽ𹬣һ磬𹬣


1084 
𹬣
ޱ˵仰ÿ˺·סˣŴͣǺһ̡
֮һʧȥԵʣУҲϱ֮ͣ
̿Ϊ򶨵Ļƣλֵܣǿƴ磬˵ЩܣǼٵģƴ绹𣿡
̿ƣ棺ƴ磬һ֪ڻҽ𹬵ܣǲǣ
Ǻǣ
ڴҾ۾Ȳ£ȴ˫֣ʾ⣺ұżȻԪٴγѲʲôܣôһߴиܣ
ǣ
ƴȻ֮Уȥҹˣǿߣйʣ
ƴȻܱȵģ
Żһʾ⣬ͳͳ¡
֮˻δǰֺŻƨһһǴö컨׹ѻ
ƴ˵ȷ򵥣ô˴޵֮ɫɫδ仯һ£
νѨ磬ҶƳƺһɫ仯ͷΧ˵ܣӦöĴš
ȻﶼڵǿߣΣ֮أ˱Ϣ
ϣġ
ȴž칬Ȼԭ
һλӻ֣Ŀ⣺ԪʱȥΣλԣȷڶȥʱõһ

˻ĽʼŻ˵ȥ
ʵЩڻԪʱҪԴ޽֮صıоǴʱڲصĽ֮У֪Ϊεԭ򣬶ӿһЩɱڻԪʱգĵ˵ߴߣвٵھͷԪʱգڵ޵оͷԶʱУ
ȻƬգŹڻҽ𹬸ִ˵в඼ʵģӹŵ񣬴ǿԪʱգеĳɹȡеԶأʧڻԪʱ֮У֪֮һǿߣȥ޻أˣҲ޷ֹˣȥѰ
һ˵
סþ޷ع
һλΪܸߵˣʵƴ磬ߴҪһͬԪʱգ𣿡
ģΪλԪʱвۼ֤ţ˵ߴ߳̾ҹȣ̤޽֮أΪѰƽԪ𹬵ܣҲ
ͻȻɫ΢΢һ˱仯һԥ˵ģɤϣ̾ҲߴߣѾƽԪ𹬵ܣߴߣŻѰң
⡭
ϣԼּͬΪʡԹɫ
ȻǲϣߴҵܣȻߴ߰ѱõˣǰһˡ
λʵƴ磬ƽ֮
ƵѾ֣ڻҹмλڵǿߣҪ֯ԿߴߣˣߴһͬԪʱգֻҪһ·ߴ߲ȻһͬҵԪ𹬣Դõѡ񣬲Щǿߣ˼Բ¶ȣǴ򽻵ԿģȻЩߣŽһģ˵ŤתǬΧиǿߣߴжǱ
Ǿͼǡ
ԣôҷ֣ߴ߶ˣ
Ż˵꣬ʮˣʼ໥̽˼
ƣҲ֪ʲô˼
鲻ԣ
ƴ˺ѹڻԪ𹬵ܣˣ˴󷽣϶޳Ǹǿߡ
ֻһͣĿģƶǿ£κĻͽ͵ġ
ҶҲʱʱװʮָȤϼ仰УȴԻԪȸ˽⣺°Ͳ䡢ͷˣƬԪȣһҲΪ˻Ԫ𹬣һˣ˻Ԫʱ֮С
ϣСǧ֮أǻԪʱա
һͷҶмΪ
ǾǴǧͼڵǴʱա
ڣҶȻδü˽ҹȵĵͼԼΧĻʱգϣСǧ֮أǻԪʱڶеĿ֮ء
λ
˼໥
ȻӴŽʮλˣӴҶȡƵһ칬Ϣˡ
к£ʵ
һλλĸߵ˵ӹɣˣոǵõϢߴڻҹȵ˷룬ϣǣһͬǰԪʱգ

һʮˣ𾪡
Է߳ˣһʮֿҶȵʩ񣺡һΪ˻Ԫ𹬣Ƕߣ˵̣˱ϢʵԼǣӣδ֪
飬һԸһԸ˵
Ͼ˷ԡ
вǿߣϣܼǣȡһߴߣ˱µʱҲǳԶ٣³
˵Ҳǣ
ߴ߱Ƚ壬ҹȶ꣬ύķ

һʱ䣬ʮһ鲻ϣ۲ϡ
ʼӺ⽻̸𽥱ǲ֮ˣܿɲ
֯໥ۡ£֮ʱҶȴʯ֮⡣
ǿտɽǧ֮⣬һǿķӡֹˣ뿪ǽ칬
ৣ
Ҷ̷ݵͼͼĲʣΧĻҺɫʣ࣬ͷ߶֮Ҷ˫£ָ״һĵͼ
ȷںηʱҶȱƶһ˸׵Ļգʱգⷽ
ͼܿӡԪ֮У߶СǧСǧϢںη
磬ǰ֮УӦǸ˵ĻԪʱգСǧӲ촫
ôɣ
ϣ飬ƫƫͳˡ
Сǧ磬ϢȷֻϢʱʱޣɽĶ϶СǧӦøʵ
ðɡ
ٴδ߶𵤣ӡСǧ
غţԪʱշһ룬һдǧͼڻԪʱ֮УҲΪġ
һ֮أڵʱ赲ɴǰĴڡ
Ԫʱŵ°Ͳ䡢ͷˡҹߴߵȵڵľͷɴڴˡ
һε޷磡
ֵܣǾ뿪칬㲻ҵһ뿪
ڴʱʯ߳ʮˣмˣƵͬӪˣպüҶȣ̳Ҷ
Ҷתһ֮ˣ֮ǰǼΧǿߵͬӪҪ뿪칬Ϊߴеӡ
һҪϢһ󣬵ƺתףͻҸλλߣֻ˲ϢҶȾͺ棬ѡ칬дʱ䡣
Ǻǣ˸־ϣֵܼǣأ
أ
ҶȱȭͱЩ뿪ǿ磬мӰ򿪷ӡ뿪Ƭռ䡣
ô˶Ԫʱաķ룬²ߣܵ˫żв߾Ǽһϲ߾뿪Ƿ֮أϲߡ
ʱҶҲ뿼ǣԪʱգһУǣ͵Ҫܵǿǯơ
Ҫȥѡ


1085 칬
ҶȻصʯɣΧֻл뼸ˣ󲿷˶ȥԱʯδӻԪʱնȡ
ʣЩˣʮ侲ǿ
ҶȿɣʵڰмоҹΧոֻڿݽѵزھת䣬޳̺ΣֻҪģһȹ澳
ڴ칬ԴɵôǿòϣҶȻϸİɵڣ̺칬΢ںϣ˵Ժϡ
׼ǻ¡
ת۹ȥ
ʱʯֻʣˣȻС
ҶȻۣʱѹƵ˸𣬱뿪ʯ
𣬿ɷ칬
Ҷȷɳʯ磬뿪ʱ
Ҷռ˴˵ī꣬żˣӽҶһۿһ
Ҷ򾲶ѵ
ڽУҪԽ˳֣ûӿ磬󷽵˵һֱѰָ֣ˣǾͿżɽߴ߹ոѣԪʱգЩ֮꣬ôˣΪһĿģҽ𹬣ڻԪʱյĿ֮Ҳţʯ̸칬һһգҹȣߴ߾ףȻǿȸ·˼Ӫȴռʱ˺ͣ
칬ǳס֪ЩҪȴһֱ䡭
Է⣬ҶȻһΪҹȵףƿشֵǣҶ΢΢ɫ¼Ȼ˵˽ЩߣΪܻȡƸȻԼκӪߴѡҲҪó⣬ʱ˺ǲĵʱ˺ͣضߴҲγв
ϲˣϲ׷ˣ칬ܸģǲƸҹõӵȨֻҪ㿪ڣǻĲƸҪǣԼʶ˵еĻҽ𹬣ӵ
ʨӴ󿪿ڵ£ҸɲҲô޴칬ܸҶٱӻҪһУͨԼŬȥȡ㣬칬ԴӦڻԪʱտлȡбﶼԼУҴӴ˾칬ˣ

һʱһЦ
ӭ㣡
УȻһӰűǿƣҶ¶Цݡ
ǰ̤칬һ̣Ҷˡ
ǽˣҵʦǮ
ǰһҶȽԼ˵Ǯʦ֣칬¼ϯӣ칬СС
𣡡Ҷ꣬Ҳʽҽܡ
ǻط˵
ǮϸĪЦݣͫһ⣬һ֮˲ҶȳһӲӵĹǰ
һƬػ״Ĵ֮ϣڻϣһۻ˴Ӿ𺳡
Ǯ֣
̷ɳһװ粻ͬˣǮͿԼʮˣΪڡ
ȻЩ˾칬յǾӢеľӢеĸ֣ȻǮǱҪǿһ֡
ǮҶȽܸˣΪգλֵܣӴ˾еһӣλúʹ»λֵܺúó
֣
ǰҶȽȻӵҶȷ򹬵ǮڰĿȥʧȥ
װεø⸻ȫǳңԶգ磡
빬·һ磬Ϊɽ֮УûʵװΣϧһЩʯ͸ŵԣִԵıʯ̫ݻ
ɽ磬Ҳּĺ
ɣ
ڹƫ֮УʮΧһŽӲӵ̨ڴԺȣﻹõҹȵĽΣ
Ȼͬѡ칬ߴߣԪʱգ˵ʵڵģ칬Ҳվ칬ˣ໥һҪúúҪԴ
ϯ䣬ֻ⡣
ʱ˵λҽ𹬣һλƵӣְھƱ֮ϣ˶˵ⷬòÿ˶Ļ
ʵǲܼķӪҪ£ɫҪڻԪʱ֮Ѱһҽ𹬣Ҫ֣ߴߣŻ״ΰЩս˵׻ǣ
ֵ˵ļǣ
ζĶԻڳЩǿ߸ɫÿ
ʵȲھͷõΪǿߣ֪жΣգҪðķգǻѡǰ
ҪҲҪִţҪһ
νĸӢյ
Щ˹ȻɵӣҲԸ䵱ӡ
һƳȺɫҶȲɵøӽ֮˲ΪĸߣҶǳߵǴ򽻵ò־
λֵױǣˣ칬ҲǺͿˣɣ
ȣ
ƣ˽ǧõĶ
Ϥ֮󣬵磬ǮŴҶȣоһƷʯʮƷиֱʯ
һʾ޴ĲƸûд˵һӶԻȡı
ҶȵȻ̰£ͻصһɸ죬ʱ䣬½ǮŸּӪܿʮˣ᲻ϵӡ
ڣﵽʱǮʮ칬֣˺ȾƳ
Ҫǣ칬ͻή٣ߴ߽ԪʱյʱޣҲڽԶ
ξۻ죬Ȼʮλ칬֣Ǯ棬Ǯʾˣһͬ߳
ʦ𼴿̽٣
һٶվڹգǮԼλΪϯӵĸ֣һͬ񷡣
λѣѡ񱾹һҪһУ
֮䣬һӽһٶ˶оֱѹ࣬Ԫ񶼿飡
ǿߣڣ
ʵȻǿ׷ɱҵ칬ִߣԼħҪǿ١Ϊܴﵽ̳ڵ۷壬Բ֮䣬ڣв֣
̫ϤոոܵҶȾָоٵ׷ɱζҺѹζѾϰߣԲΧˣλ칬˼ɵ
ٿ
һӵлҹȫͬƣӿնһ
ӭӹ
Ǯ뼸ϯӣͷʩ

˶칬ӣ
ؾ
ֳܿһʯʯɵķȻǶżԵʯ
ֱǲ˼飬ʯ취̫˰ɣ
ͬʱһλԼѮһī۵ߣǰ˾ȻȧǼߣͻͬ£ûж⣬ֻʣһƤ
Ҵ˵ͷǲ԰ɫ͸һɹϢ
а̣аϢ
ɲǼ䣬ǰλò˵ġ칬ɢϢҶȸӦϤаϢ
붷ݵϢа̵һھͷ


1086 °ʹͷ
д칬ҶԽִ˷ͬ죬һľͷִڣ޽֮أһ֡
һа̫ϣ
ߡ
ԭҶֻش칬ͷŵƣСʱַⷢΧǼʯԣȻϢ뷨֮Ӷӿ칬ڡ
ԣ
ȻǼΪ΢ѾԽ˳
ͨˣɵ޷Ԧ𡢻ףɵ޴ޱȣ޷̽ɽıԵΪɵ̺
칬ȴʯ΢ԣֻܴںһںЧ˾ˡ
ֻû£
ּ֤칬һλڵߡ
ߡһڻԪʱգȡĻӵˣֲܳΪҹߴߡ
š
ɴ۶Ԫʱ֮УɼУжٵ뱦
Ԫʱ칬֪Ǵ˵еĻҽ𹬣ǸСʲôϵ
칬٣ҶԺ֮Уɻ롣
ҹȣӵıҶΪضǴеĻҽ𹬣ν𹬳˾֪ǿҹȣ£ֻߴߣڻҽΪ˽⣬Ǽ뱾ǺǵѡλΪλһöӵбϢλڻԪʱնȡ
ȴаϢ칬Ԧˣ˲ּɵ֮䣬ʮö˲ɣ·ˣΪˡ
·˶ȲץסĻҲǼ칬õ⡣
ʹ칬
ҵԹΪ𣡡
ӱ۸ߺ
ԼλúϢдĻӣ󣬸ӻӦ֮
칬˵꣬ԦС
͹
Ǯ칬ӣʩ
Ǯ˻صóνĻӣһһָÿˡ
ҶϸӦһԪӣʵһֺܼ򵥣ҪǿưѹһЩӡӶѣУҶȷһ칬Ϣ󷨣칬Ҫ˵Ϣ
ھͷÿһ£⡣
칬ǲװףѱﹰ͸ˣһ˻ȡᱻӦȻȻɱԽ
ּﶼһġ
統ѩģҶһһտˡ
Ҷȵ˵棬ں˻ԪӣǮΪˣ֪ҶȵֶͨΣҶʵ顣
ҶȾڹ֮Уʱ˾ۻᣬʱ໥ֻǰиӦǧͼ
ʱ⣬ͬˮһȥת˲ţ
ৣ
һ죬칬ʮλӣǮΪףٹҶȵʮٻʱɳ
һٶ칬ΧڳÿһˣڵǿߣӸողڣǵԲڣǸǿһЩֻҶɵ۾ŽףһͷϢҲ޷Ϊ
˭ӵô鳬ʬ壬ѩںϢ
һ٣
ڳÿ˶಻סΪҪǰԪʱա
칬ַɳһ󷨣ܿڷ籩סԼһЩ˺ݺĻ磬칬ӣһķγһȦ˷ҹ롣
Ҷ𽥼ҹ磬𽥳֣඼ס籩룬޷ģЩʣ类ռ죬Ϸ
ٶȲ죬ɽٶȲ࣬ɵٶȣ޷ﵽڣٶڻҹȣͬһ㡣
ڼ䣬˼ʷǳ֮࣬һЩ޵ʬ壬һЩֲУӺ䣬ŷ籩԰ڳۣþٲά裬ʱ䣬֮ա
˶ڻҹ߹ڼԦиԵĵãҶȵЩڳеš
ǰǡأ
һ·УϽҹȵ룬𽥼һ칬ҪӴһЩƯ½
½žη֮ģǰ칬֣ҲɷٶȣСС
ҹߴ֮ףԽ칬Ĵڣǻҹȵһˡ
׵ĵؽ磬ȻҲӴġ
ϢЩǿߣԼ̣ˣ
ԽƯ½ʱҶȴӴ½ϢУȻ͸ӦϢֱɵСˣҶȲ׷Ź
̤ӵе½Ͽ֮ϣһش򿪣ɳλ칬֣ʮźµĸ֣һͬӭˡ
󣬷·һ磬½ȻǷ棬֮Уصֲҿרջ֮
һУһɽ֮ϣһÿ򣬲ǵһƿ֮ء
ߴߣȻ֮ûʲô˵ģǾڻԪʱռɣ
ոɽϿգҲ಻ͬĸ֣ȥʱȻ񷣬һֿЦ
°ʹͷˣҪ˹֣Ҫռˣ
һ޵еƣӸ߿
ʱڷɳˣȫߴ£ˣԼˣ߿ǿ߶Ի
°ʹͷˣ
Ҷһû뵽ҹ֮УȻ°ͲĴͷˣͷŴŮ˾õĲϢ⼸ǿϢ΢΢ӦȻһϢ°ʹͷ˵Ϣȫͬ
ɵЦ£Ҷҡҡͷһ̤Ьٴȫѹ顣
ߣװһ˴ռ
䣡
費֮£һͷһȣӸ߿ձ㱬춯صıըϿƮĽ磬ʱޱȣֻߵӰӰڸ߿նԿ
ӰƺܵƱʧ¶һλ۵ˣһλϱףһЩװεˡ
Ȼˣ°ʹͷˡĪаǷԶɣ
ߴӰ֮У̴һɱڵ
ˣ̸УȻųˣҲСһ֮ǰ˵˼
Ȼˣɽתˮתջټģ
תƿնȥûĽ磬ڼһζ
ǵ°ʹͷһǿ䣬֪ˣҵͷˣ໥ӦӦҲã
գָдȻ޷ˣδ֪°ʹͷҲڻҹȣҶʹ޵оͷ
սָ˻ص໥ʶַΪֱ߲ߴ죬Ϣ죬˱뿪˺ƺƵȥ
Խ磬˾ͼڰգƯ֣ʣǻҹߴߡ
ߴߵû˵ʲôɸǿߣʼ߲飬շҶڵ칬ӪУɳ߿գ칬ɹٻ룬һӣԪʱշ򻺻ȥ


1087 ǴǧͼϢ
Ҵ̤ҹȣһֱδʲô鷳칬Ȼһ·˳˳ˮǻԪʱա
˶飬칬УƺƵ𽥷ɳƿصĴ½һνʱոռ䡣
ڶĩˣҶȵͫУһֱ˸Ŀ⡣
˶δʩչ˿ڵķУ칬ƿصķͷųվڷУϽµС
һǿߵֶΣȻͨ죬һˣͿԴһٶˣ»ҹȿٷС
Ҷ˵ȲҲȥԪʱգѰСǧڵʱգպ˼
칬ҪЩˣҶȶԻҽ𹬲ȤκηҲ޷ǧͼȡ
ֻҪõǧͼߴʲô
˵վǰҲ޷˵ҶȰֺë
ա
Уһǿҷ籩˵ľ֮ʱƬڷɳҹȣǰǲòηա
ңԶǺΧԼССĻʱգ޷ڿȥһſŰƯյıʯ
ԼȥʱΧɼߣĶ飬ͬٶȷͬ
𽥾ĻʱգԽգ칬֮µˣظӦպ£û칬ǽƬգٶҪһ룬Σء
ֽһƬϰֻࡢСͬĻʱγɵĿգʱӦӲϾسǰ칬Ϥشڲͬʱ֮䣬𽥣Ҷȷÿ˺΢仯
յͼ̿ǰ֮УȻһƬҹȲСĻʱա
֮أԪʱա
𽥿ԪʱգҶȾԽоԪʱʱźܴ𣬴濴ȥԪʱոַ籩ס𶼲һ𣬶Ƿģ·Ȼںϡ
γνĻԪҲˣлԪʱգ
еȻںϣѾԽ֪̽ĸ߶ȡ
ԡȻеԣδԪʱգܸӦԡȻ
ϵؽԪʱգУҶȺ񣬾͸ӦԣȻ΢޴ڡ
䣡
գͻȻһըһ޴У
ŵ˲ɵûս칬Ҳɵ̸ı䷽һ޴У칬²ҲҪһƤ
ǵɴۣΪλ籩̤δ֪硭
ڣˣԪʱǰ
ÿ˱鶼һҶ̾Ϣɽĸ֣ɴۣҲʹȻҶҲվһֹ˲ʱ£չ˵ζ
߷ӪڽԪʱ֮ǰһ𣬲ŻԪʱգʱ䣬ϢΧߴ߽Ԫʱյģвˡ
ٿٿٿ
Ԫʱգ̾˺ѡݺ籩˺ѿռ䣬¶˲նɱ˺֮
ͬף޹ʱʱ̶̿Σա
ߴٴη룬Ҷȵ˵ķҲʧһٶ칬ɳʮλֳ֣һСӣÿһСӶʮˡ
˵ҲɣҶڵСӣ
ҪããΣյĻԪʱգѰʲô˶ûȥʣҲȥʣߴյܣҶʮˣʼһ㡣
˵ҹȵʣʮϡСټģڻԪʱգдʣϧҲ޷㣬ΪԪʱղĸҲڴ˵ء
һƬ㡣
ѴټһȻʮֽص˵λҪѰҡת
ת
˶һ־㵣
͵תԪʱ֮Уֵһ֮󣬾в࣬ҲһͻȻֵУͬеǣһ֣γɾŹͷŵԵͨ
ĪǡĪǻҽ𹬣ھת֮У
һˣ˶˲ð뷨
ǺǣҲֻ֪ǲǿߣ֮УܻųڻųˣҲδõʲôֻǾתҵҽΨһ
ȼյĺģȴһˮ
Ȼ˺ʧжתһ̺ܣ˵ҵҽ𹬵Կס
ಣ
ʮʼռѰңÿ˶ӣգûͨг֡
ꡭ
ã籩쳣
룬һ˺ͻȻ
ֻһˣŵõͷӣ˼ҲϷߡ
ͣ
ڻԪʱգܵԪѹȣôȵùԪ֮֮еķ籩ٶȲ֮һ˸ոձ籩ʱ˺ķѣ
ң
˺飬Ԫȴ˵ӳڷ籩֮У˵һԪΪ˼æȡ
ֻǣһ籩˺ʱһѷɢߣڵķ籩㶼㲻˭ȥȥôһᱦߡ
һͶһݵõĿԡ
Ԫ񣬼ֲͳױ籩ɢΪ̳
Ƭ籩˿ֲϢһ󣬵ȷ籩ٽ
ڱԵУһһ֣麹ÿóһɵԭϢ
˵Ϣռ䣬̫ˣԭشŲҲѹȶҺһҩ˼ּ졣
ʱӦһСǧϢ
Ԫʱգ˻ᣡ
ҶԵλõͷõҩ񣬶Ѿʼ߶龻֣
ʼᣬڰԪ֮У񣬽ӿһ龻֡
Ż龻ֳ֣ҶȿʼջԪʱյӵǷ籩Ϣ׵ϢϢԼ޷ݵͳͳͨɣԪ龻ںϡ
Ԫ𽥵ҶΪһ壡
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֹĻ龻֣մԪʱ󣬾ȻʼȻң嶼Ӧ
龻˸Ӧ״̬Ǵδйģ
ôܻ֮УȻСǧϢȻǿңʮ΢оСǧı𣬾ߣǰֿɼĵط
ʱҶ𺳣
ô
˾׸ӦǧͼڣҶ֮ǰδģΪкܶѡΣգܸӦСǧĴڡ
ڣСǧϢڻԪʱգ޴ڣ
ֵǣҶΧʲôǧͼʲôӰӶûУеֻǷ籩ס
ʲôûУǴǧͼϢԪʱ֮С
ҽ𹬣Сǧ𡭡һЩ΢ϵ°Ͳ䣬Ԫʱգһжҽϵ
龻ԪתոҶҪջ񣬵һֱȥ龻ֶƽġ
ɵҶȻ룬̤ңԶյľŷһжҽڤڤ֮Ź
λ籩ƺڼˣץᣬú񣬽㣬иΣգ
ڱԵռ䴫


1088 綴

Լʮת˲
һٻΧۼǰǿ˺ڵķ籩
ಣ
ʮ˲ŷ籩϶Ծ
ھתʲôû˼㣬ֻз籩вףܿͿһ㣬ȻǷ籩˷籩һЩջ۲Ĳͬʣڷ籩ʴ˺£Щʼ̶

Ѱ㣬Ȼ񣬴ʱһƬȼյĻʱգһ㣬ȫǻ
Ȼ𣬲ҲųתСġ
ɷǰһӣҶȵƹȼյĻɽðΣڻѰš
СǧϢȻ޴ڣ
Ծڻ磬ҶȻڰӦʲôҽ𹬣޷ǧͼᲢۣĿģǽ칬Ѱͼ
֮ǰͬϢУŴǧͼҶȾɶĺͷԡ
꣡
Ȼ֮䣬ԭȼţŷʲô棬Χڷ仯
ô£
ԶˣҲͻȻ𣬸˻ʱͣסη岻ǰһ
ȵһȣ
żˣһƺҲܵ쳣Ӱ죬޷ǰ
ʮ˴ӸΧͻȻ仯ŵзëֻ֣ƿ㡭
ˢͻͻ
ͻͻͻ
Χλ칬ͽһ֮ʣͻȻʹ֮УӿĻ档
ͬˮһţһЩγУ֮УȻǷ籩֮
һĻͻı仯֪Ƿ籩Уʲôڣɫʱ԰ףһãǷ綴綴ҿӣ
綴
һֻڻʱյȻ
ಣ
ȥ۲綴תٶȣɳƬ㡣
ֻ仯ͻģת֮ʣͼ綴֮бһһЩ綴в࣬Ǻױӿ֣γɷ籩С
£˸Ǵ粽У
籩ƺУǻĴڣ
̹еҶǶرиоֲֻһ֣Ǳ綴𣬻з֮
籾Ƿּת÷ӵ޼᲻ݵ˱У϶ᱻ˺÷飬Ȼյùʣ
Щ綴ʲô⣿
̲סʵ
亹ɫΪ԰ףûܽԼǻԪʱڲĲͬöɣ綴ʮֲֿһھͷ綴֮У
ھͷҲڷ綴֮У
ʱ˿̣˲ףΪ־ڻʱݺҲ˼ɵ
ͻͻͻ
һ㶼˺ѣı仯˶ϢΧȼ֮Уӿһ޴ķ綴飬ڸ߿գɫտⲻڶչЦǵźš
ȥǰ취ֻӳȥ
綴ԽԽ࣬ж٣綴ӿ٣ȥռ䶼ǻǶҪΪ綴
գƴһҲ޳ɣʵҲΣû취İ취ܲܵ
ӳȥ˵ߣ
һһƬ綴֮Ŀ϶ҲûʲôأΪһһˡ
ֻʣҶһ˻
ΪԸЩ綴ҶȱȫԸԱˣҲ뱩¶Լʵ
ԼҶȶʱΪһ裬
ȣң
ոշʮ綴·ʣ׷϶ʱҶȾͼһˣڷԾ֮ʣһ綴ܲӶ档
ֻʣϰ˫֣Ҫ˺ѷ綴ϧһҲ޷ԿԪ֮ҶȣʱҶȡ
ҶѱҲȲ綴֮Ѿ룬֮𽥽飡
ಣ
Աһ϶ȥ
䣡
ڷɹ綴֮ʱӷ綴ͷųƣƶѣҶٶȱȻʼ綴⡣
ɵķ򡭡¼棬ҵͻһһ飬綴ƣ
綴ƾ˿£ο綴ҶһգֻٴܣһΣڷ֮Ҳϲ־ֹ򡢶
Ȼֳ֮
ַ綴ײڷϣ֮һ룬ҶȳܵѹҲ֮һʱޱȣһҶȾͷɳ綴֮С
ɣ
òӳǰʮСһķ綴ת𣬰һЩʣҲٻ
Ϊ𣬻ȻôȻͬն
·綴漰ԽԽ㡭
Ȼȴʲô÷ӣ֮ǰַ綴˾ͼʱɳƬ㣬ҲͺκΣա
ϧûûкҩֻӭѶϣֱǰ
ಣ
ɵ۾ŽƶʱԼﵽ۷˲ֻһ״Сķ϶϶ܻ
ͻ
ۿҶȼ£綴֮𶯣ٶƣԴӷ϶зɳȥʱͻȻ϶綴Ȼ϶Ϊһ
ӲǣպҶǰһɹеķƣðҶ͵ȥ

޷ˣʼ綴ײҶɫԽԽ·챻
ҷ綴֮ӾˣҶȵļ籩
ͻͻͻ
˲ϢҶȸоͷҪи
䣡
ʲôʲôƫƫˣ
ͷ綴֮Կ㱻иը¶¶ͷʼ綴濹⡣
֮壬ҶҲΪں۵ѪӵĴСиĵһبδе
ڷ綴֮£ҶҲƤʼ޷籩ѪڣĵüΪֲ
ȥ籩סȥֻ·һҶΪôɱ
ء
ƺоҶȵͻȻҶȽ˼
ʵ㣬ҪЩ綴ͻᱻ밵һЩǿ߷֡Ҷ֪ԼԸ綴ҶȲŲܣ¶ǰ
ޱίؽ˽УſҶǰ
򣡣
һĥԼõĻᣡ
ӳͷ֮ҶѾܾûоĥؽ粻㣬ϻر칬ִ׷ɱҲûаҶȱƵ
ڣҶȲ뿿ޡҪԼȹһء
澳ĸоδйˣûмɵûжԷ綴ĺ£ֻжԼġ
򣡡
ȥͷҪ綴飬ȻһҲʧΡ


1089 з
ͷûˣҶǿܿ쳤
һûˣͻᱩ¶ڷ綴֮£˶綴ˣô޷
ʱʩչͨʱˣ
о綴һ޴ֲʯҧסҶȣҶ˿ᣬۿͷϳָѪڣΧҲ顣

һɫͻȻҶڱڼͷ

Ҷҧšüžʼ߶Ӵ綴챻綴ʵ÷顣
֮УǴ󲿷ֶҶȶõ̫һκε
̫һȻǲģ߶γһڼͷҿʼշ綴
ֹ򣡡
Ϊȫѷ綴Ҷ׷綴Ҫֲ̫࣬Աʩչֹ
ԭƣڷ綴¶ʱп飬һڹеƿʼƽ÷ڣҲðڷ綴֮£󲿷ַȻھ𶯡
£ͬʱ߶򡭡Һòֲ˰죬ͻᱻ綴ե
ϺԽԽ࣬þֹ綴뷨ǲϧ綴ԶԶԽҶʵȻ
ͻͻͻ
Χֿʼֲȼգڣӿһķ綴綴ԽԽࡣ
ٿ
һ綴պóסҶȵķ綴Աߣ綴һεںϣΪһֱɴķ綴
ͣ
綴ڵҶȷʱȼճһ
綴ںϣʣΧз綴Ҫǿ

綴ʱһŴ죬ҪҶȥҶԾѹ£ĶΣա
ҶȻڼţϣ뾲ֹƵԽԽ࣡
ȥǰ취շ綴̫޷ﵽһ̶ȣ򳹵װѷ綴ƣ
ʱѹԽԽˣǷûЧҶֻѡֶΣȻѡޣ
޶Ը綴ҶһҲ⣡
ޣ޷֣Ǿһַ

ҶȾҪɵʮ״ԲþǽۣʱվѡôڵģĴԶǱʶ֮Уֲη塢ͷ
򣡡
ȻǲܰװѡħԼĻᣡ
ֹΧռ䣬Ҷȳʩչ򣬿ܲƽ⣬֮ѳ
¡
̼䣬ֹò׿Ƶռ䣬ڶ˲߶ʱըһ顢
Ҷ֮̽Է綴Ӱ죬ӳ綴ֻ΢΢һ£Ȼֱȥ
ȻУǡ
ʧˣҶƺʲôϣٴͷžֹȻͷŶ
䣡
ʱҶȷУ·ԼŻƵģʼ飬ҶܵѹӾˣһֹ붯֮
֮Ҷںǰ֮У
ͻͻͻ
ҶӵŶ˺ѣԿһѪ˿ҶԵѹѾﵽ۷壡
֮ҶȲϴ߶뾲ֹ£γɵ֮ںϡ
ַ򣬵һںϣ
ҲҶȵһԦַ
ա
Ҷ綴׵ٴδ߶򣬶֮ʼγһ㣬΢΢תе򣬿ʼշ綴
ҶУԷ綴ʼС
תٶȣԽԽ죬綴֣
ɹˣû뵽ַϣ̬벻˼֡
ϲȻھУܱǱڵǱ
ͻͻͻ
ҶһȻʱȻ綴ţ޷ѣУʼ׳綴ͬУγɵ顢ըԽԽˡ
ҪУҪƴʱҶȻûǿߣɱɱΣգΪǰֲסͻڷ綴֮С
ڶڷ綴֮Уһɵ۾Žʲô
ڴִ𽥱ˮͰִ󣬶ԽԽ㣬һ籩ͬģҶһ綴֮
ʩչ򡢾ֹڲɸӾ˵
ʱҶ˵ΪΣյģҪʱ䣬д
ֹķ򡭡ôͽз򣡡
ڣҶڿйУһ
ҶȼַΧͷջʱӿз֮Уϧ޷˲ϢںС
ϧ޷Ҵɵ۾Ž׽ɵʮףϾʮɵ۵۷壬һͻƵġ
˼һᣬ߶һ̫һעз֮У̫һǱǴ̫һ϶
ֻ̫һ֮УпʼѸ󣬱ʮ־ˣȻﵽֱһɴĳ̶ȡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻ棬סһƣ
ͻͻͻ
ƶڴ߶УԿ綴֮ϣ˶Կײʹһ֮綴ͬʱ𿪡

֮Ҷ˲䱻𿪣ɹ綴
ҶȿЦȻ˷綴ʱɲ࣬Ա߷϶ˢһɳ綴Ⱥ
ͻ
ǰһƬ綴Ⱥպһ綴סҶǰ
з򣡡
ҶֱӴ߶һڲž֮Уʱŷ綴ֱײȥ
¡
ռ䶼Ϊ֮һ𣬶綴ȻرУ˲һЩҶȰһЦ߶Уһδε𿪷綴
綴˶γɡ
ҶзҲ޷װѷ綴飬綴ȻҶ֮ϵģռݾƣһ޴ķ綴ͻȻ٣ҶȾǴ߶зҲû˿ô
Ϊֻ̫з綴Կѣ
䣡
綴ڱз𿪣˷϶Ҷץסᣬವط϶һ綴Уɹȥ

һ𣬴һƬȼյ綴ȺУҶǱӳ֪ĶٵţԼĵǿߵܺͣŵӳ졣
ֵܣƽǸ˰
ҶȸоɳƬ㡣
ոսһƬΪһ㣬ͼˣһҲǱطɹ
Ǿվ綴⡢Կܻ
Сˣڲ˰죬ڵȵᣬӷ϶ӳ죬أҶ˼棬̸ʮɵ
̵ˣҶȷ¼ţһɨΧʵ
ˡϢʱʱޣ֮ǰв٣ڶʧˣҡڷ綴֮У
һλ˸е˵
ˣתǸÿˣ²ռ䣺ҶΪҽ𹬶ԪʱգȡӵΪǿߣȻѡ·Ҫо򡭡
˵ΪΪʳһȻ治ɫһҪҵҽ𹬡
ӦûлˣϢһ󣬼ѰҾתҵתϣҵҽ𹬣õҲϣҶض飡
ԭϢ


1090 Ӱ
Ҷ˵ͲúúϢ
Է綴澳֮УںϾֹ򡢶зҪʱúڻͨ
˸ƬƽռϢȻз籩ƮĻ𣬲ѹСһ
ҪãĿǰ⼸ַ򣬻Žã򡢵ķ򣬵޵ķջΪﵽ˺һĲ״̬
һ֮ϣͷųػγɷΧϮķ籩һЩ𣬶޷㹥Ҳ޶
ڣһа㡢顢¡¡ӵУǼںϵз
ƾһޣݺᣬ֣׳󣬵һ죬Ծ
࿴ȥƺûжĶڲֲԽκʣȻܳҶʵ֮ϵʣһЩƷƷƷԽ顣
Ʒϼѵ޷Ը
з
ںҶְ˲ϢںУֻ˲ϢǽõĻϣֻУ˲Ϣʩչ
䣡
͵һ𣬶ʱʼҲգǺںҲ
һδεãзԽԽգ
ԼϤºһϢ˲ߣƬ㣬ѰҾת
Ԫʱ̫嫣ǻҹȶٱɳһ㣬һ㣡
꣡
߳߳
ѰգһƬܼĻʱգжܼʱϷ׼ֱγһ֩״
ߣ
˶ܼɵǼȻʲôãֻܶΣգ׳ŵӼǰС
꣡꣡
ոսƬʱһ㣬ǰʱʱһףЩ׸պһЩ֮ϣ÷飬׾һצħƿһƬʱգǡ
ৡ
ڰѰ֮ʱһ׹⣬ͻȻ˦һ⣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣ֮С

̷ɹȥԪʱմǱҪѰҾתı
ͣ
˷ԾϿգֻһ׹ʧ΢ԣŰ߰⣬Ȼһһ񵶡
ಡಣ
һԪʱӵԣ϶ϺЩĻһȿֺץȥֻҶʱûг֡
칬ϯӣ칬Ԫʱաҹݺ꣬Ȼռķ
ȱ
Ҷδһ治뱩¶Լʵ񵶣ʲô˫¹꽣̫Զֵðȥᡣ
նӵпԪ񵶣˵֮ȷһ񵶣ȻҪʹˣﾡá
ԺȻðնӰɽ罻ʱն찵ɱڵǿףҶȿۼԪ񵶵
ֵܣ޶ԣ
ϷĴ֣񵶣ƯһΪĿҶȣʮֺҶΪβֶȡ
ҶһЦش֣²ǲȤܼʵҪʤһпȡ
ǺǣֵܲżԪʱеǱһʱҪپж٣һ߸ϵƣЦݡ
ҲƷʯװ̵
϶ͿһݼɵҶ޷Ǹոս칬ʱ׵ĸܡ
Ȼر֮ˣǶĻĲزˣҶǲ⽫նɱһС
ϴ׷ɻʹĹ֮УҶѾȡ˾˵ƷʯڵĲƸɽһЩһɣǳԿ벻ȱǮ£͸ôǾϵķ⡣
Ⱔף
ҵģ
춷вϧΣգһλʵǿߣǿһѹˣɹסա
ЩˣһȺڿϷ
ǿ߶ȡΪʤߣҲ޷ǿжԸֻҶƳһۺһЦʱд֡
ɽûʵûбԶֻܱ⣬ˡ
΢ѰٶȣϢһ󣬼
磬ڷ籩ʱգӿֲ籩ԶԿȴûйɣ޷
ಣ
ʱգһȻһ
ԭѰұˣŷۼһ𣬶ȴչһЦݣ赣ðգѰҵټ
Ŷ
˶ʱϲ칬ķ
ܿռ䣬һץģԼתˣϲȻһ·ֵܣѰҵټߴø·һƬʱգ
ҰͲñȷֱ֣̫ˣ
ৣ
˲ķ򣬼ٷȥ
Ծϰ㣬һʱ䣬ƺԪʱոУڸӦϢ
ޣ֮У
һƬʱΧǰϰǿߣȫߴߵͽһµӣҶޡ
޺ܲԸʯڱ̫ãԲٽռ֮У޷ΥҶȵԸҶͷһ⣬ʧ֮С
ʦ֣
˿ʱգʮ˷֣ʮˣߴߵĸ֣칬ĵӣǰΧʾ⡣
˳ʱգ
ʱڣˣҶԭصһᣬִ˽ʱУȻԼٵˣǶڲͬѰҡ
ղȥʦƬʱգ֮ǰֹֺܿʧˣȷԪʱվƬʱճֹԼпܣתʱУ
ö೤ʱ䣬˾ͽһ磬ƯʵʣҲһЩС½ذ飬ϧԪ̫֮ӣ˿
СУڸ߿Ѱţ
ͻ
Ȼ籩ӵİգһɵͳֶ
ಣ
ͬѰ˴̷ɹֻһԵУֻˮͰСһƬ籩֮С

Уͷųԣ
ͬʱһڼе
ֻһҪҵľתȴʧƺͼʶ¶һĨʧЦݡ
Ӱ׸һ
˶ټգҵֲǾתһˣȻͺһֲȭӰ
Сģ
ȴɫһԷ
ҲǵõѣȭӰ֮ϣ˱ͻȻ¡һͻأıըˣ
ը֮һ״Χʮɾпռ䣬˲һ

˷һҽУ˲䱻ʳ飬ȻкȻʧ׻ڷ籩С
Ϊλˣ
˿һĻ˵
ȥƻһƻͻʧȥƽ⣬γвһпԳܣУϧ
Ҳֵź
˶Ϊ֮һֲ̫ˣ


1091 նɱ
һ֣ôͻȻ֮У
˭뵽֮л˿
ƺɫ
ҼѰҾתȻƬʱճ֣ôתһΧҼסȥƻ
Ȼ
ಣ
ҲټȥΪ򣬼Ѱң
ÿƺһҽ𹬣ƺǰ
СǧϢȻԪա
תҶ˵ҪһֱڰнŻᣬѰҴǧͼ𣬿ϧܸܵϢ޷λá
ȥһӶ޷ҵ
Ҳ֪ɴ۾Ƭʱա
Цɴ۲룬ȴУȥڽ죬Ҷ뾡취ȥϧȴҲ;
ƬԪʱգֻһˣԴʩչСǧСǧ˵ܾӦǧͼλá
ϧ취ʹãǱǿ߷Ҷӵдǧͼ鷳
ಣ
ʱգһ깦ͣͣһֱûʲôջȻ;лһЩ˿δתӰӡ
ʱһƬѰʱһƿնֱӷУ
λҵתˣ
һ׵ͻȻԺȻը
ʲô
־ϲ̴зɳۼΧ
ˣ֮ǰһ̣˷˾תʦ̸Ϲȥ
ã
˼üӯ
ٸȥϣ
ͷųһٷˣһͬٷȥƿնȥ
У˾͸ӦϢһƬʱУٶ̻ΪʱͻȻұ仯һЩɱѪ֮ʱʱո߿֮С
˵ͣ£ǰһŲɻ󣬿ϧûʵ͸ʱգô£
Ӧá
ֻһ˿ԽͣǾ;
Ŀ⣬ԥһȻشӦһֱڰЩ֪תϢתĽʸ񣡡
ʸѵתͨҽ𹬵ͨ
һӼתֻգ۹򣬷·ͿΪ˫˶ɱ¾
һͷȻֵ̾²һǲǻҹȵˣȻ֪Щܣʱգֹߴߣֽǰסģڳ־תЩпӵȻɱ
֣ĪǴʱǣ
ʱһ⣬ϡ
ΪεĽͣңϢڻԪʱ¶ҳһࣿһ˳ڶԷ£У
֮ˣҺþתǰռ䣬λֵܣ˭ܹ˭˭ܽתܽҽ𹬣
ৣ
һֱѡһˣɱʱգ
ߣ
Ҳ̸ȥ֮ǰźԹ
ȻֻҶûжһЦֵܣѡѡ칬칬㣬ҽ𹬣
Ҷ̬򶨣Ŀ࿴Ҷȵߴ֮ԷǣããԪʱգѰҾת룬ߴһֱŴ֣ǲӣ
ҶˣʵʱǶֻõӶѣڣת֣ѡֻߴߣһУǾתڳ֣Ҳҽ𹬣ȻһšؾƵģ
ٿ
ͻȻҶȶˣ

һ衢˫Ŀŭ˱յƣΪҶȾȻֱ֣
¡
ֱһΰһɱҶǰҶˣһУ
Ҷȣһжֲ
ͣ
һʥǹٿȻ󷽣͵شŴ̳һͬ裬ֲסʥǹƣ
һ̰ǿ̣עĽ֣㵱ӣֱЦ
Ҷȳ޷𾪵ǰ
㡢ʵˡ
Ѫӹʥǹ룬ڴ߶ƹʥǹȻѳط֣ʥǹƿһ͸ſԪ
̤Ԫʱյˣɵ𣿡
޷棬ҶչֳӣΪģ˶ɵӡ棬֣칬ΪΪĽɫʲô
ĹңŹңıʮиֻҪŹңҿԸĲƸ
ּۻ۵ʸ𣿡
ɱңҵʦһŹ㣬ҵĳ룬ֻҪ㲻ɱң㲻Եõܽҽ𹬣
ǺǣȷеֵȸңתԼҽܣҳͷõôҲȥһھͷ
úãã´˾ʵǻۣǾתȷͨҽ𹬵ͨҲͨһռ䣬ÿһܿռ䣬Ÿֱǽͨף鷳ˣ֮ͨУĪ˽ȥڰ;ڻҽ𹬣δͷҲû˴ﵽֻͨת;Уˣøֲıߴߣ˳ɾͣҲ;Уõԭ򣡡
Ҷǿ£ѿڶʵʵҶǰ˳˵˳Ȼû
Ҷһʮ⣬ʵߴߣɼھת֮Уһӣ
ӣ
һЦΪұֲʦҽȥһΣֻпֲδ֪ĸֻ޵ģôһӣ
תֻһγ֣ǳֹܶΣ
ųֹΣһʮ꣬ΨһһΣߴߣֶʶٵתתϵۻǿ֮໥Ƴۣҽһھת֮С
ƽһҶȼȻǲҶصЦЦܺãǿ֮£
ǺܻȡıһЦݡ
Цݣı顣
з򣡡
ҶͻȻһһں޷֮ͷʱһֱӴͷʵ÷飬ΪѪ
ѪںУȻʧҶġ
һУֻһѣ
նɱ˶ʱ䣬ͻе鷨Ҷ鷨
ˣ
һö䣬һӿ
ҶͷԪ񣬽Уʱ¶һ˿һڵʿֻ칬һϯӣȻӵʮʮڵƷʯƷʯ޷мʮ鳬ԽƷʯʯ
ȷʯȻȾڵʯǱԳ㣬ȴҲԦʯ֮ϡ
ؼȵȣ౦ҶȶΪδţֱһСͱ⡣
ô꣬Щϯӣ֪пɽեȡٲƸһ㣬


1092 ̤
ȥҶαװϢѪڵʱա
ʱΧ˷ҶɷУʱͼĻʱУǧڲͬ໥ɱ
һʱУȻ˾ŵУһƴУǸƺҲҪڻҽ𹬡
ߴ°ʹͷˡĪаȾͷδ֡
ʱһƬУҶȲżתս֮У侲ݹ۾棬һɱһӲͬʱգתоһȺ϶ѡ
ָоȻҲЩͷ뷨
Ҷиܵ°ʹͷ칬ϢǾʱΧһǼЩɱߣ׷׾ۼѰҾתȻ໥ɱ
˭֪תδ˴ﵽͷ˸ͷпˮһա
ߴߵȸֹעתȥܾתѰСǧϢ
˼һ󣬺ܿ㡣
ҽСǧûпɱԣһȷתûСǧϢֻ뿪ȥʱѰңǣζԿھͷ
Ҫҽ𹬹ȻǾڣҶҲȥ˻ˮĿֻһ뾡취Сǧڵʱա
ֻܵȴڸֽתܿӦϢ
Ȼ֮䣬ͫ⾼Żʱ·Ưһ߾ʬ壬Ҫ֪Щʬ壬ɶ֮䣬Ϊ
ЩڳۣһЩǿ߶ᱦΪڻңֳûһɵۣ
Լʬ壬ҲӣҶԣʮͨҲ޷ȡ
ʬ壬ȡɵʮף̤볬ۣ
Ժһ뻭棬ɵʮ׶ףοǳֶۣۣΪѰҽԴԼҲӵгɹİա
գ
ǻˣʬ壡
Щʬ壬ڻʱգ꣬׷׶ᱻҷ籩ƻΪʹ˳ɾҡ
Ԫ
޵ͨͷųҶȼԦ޿ռ䣬ʱ·ȥ
·Ϸӿ£Ϊ·Ͽϡ١䣬·Ǵ粽У
з򡭡
¿ɲǰǰ㣬ɵ𡢻סҷ籩ҷ綴ֻҪʮӴĻҶȶԶԿз򣬶Կ̺̫һӿ
ҲȻ
̫һʮ١̫⡢޼˻׵ȵȾݱȻϺһɡ

Լʮ̵·ʱգϷмǧ֮ңϼ籩ȸԿǸӦҲᱻ󲿷֡
ҶʩչԪڻҲ뿴ҶȵĴڡ
Ҷ˫ƿıһʥޱȵС
ͳͳһȥ
˿̣ʬ壬Ҫҷ籩У»ᱻʵ÷飬ҺǶһ㱡
˲Ϣͬʱ籩һģзֱӰѷ籩𿪣һ籩֮С
ಣ
𿪷籩֮󣬼ʬƯǰٴδ߶з򣬹Ѽʬ׵

뿪籩ʱ籩ǽؼѹһײγɵķ籩ֱӾͰҶƿɡ
ҶиԼһֻͨӵߵľ磬ܱѹط컯ȭ֮Ԫȵͨ
˶ӻ£Ҷȶȡʬ壬̽ȡס
ţ
ȥҶȼȡٶʬ壬ϵؽõģʮʬ壬֣Ҷ˵ڵõ
ΪҪǣʬ棬ӵޱȵһ޷ȡҶȿԣҲκα޷ȥģνǮ򲻵
ڴʱͻȻϿգֻʣϰˣ໥ɱϳתöã˶ת
֮ҶʮֵϢͳͳ𿪣ת֮С

ʮͷתҶȾͷ־תȻʼ΢΢𶯣а׾޴ڻСƺҪʧһ㣡
ѵתʧôЩͷγ
ԣ̫ԾҶȷ־֮УҲû뿪ļ䣬칬ġ
ǽףô
һֻھͷ֪γķʽôղŽȥˣǶҪУ
ΪΣвٵǿߣԪʱգδٳԭ
ıЩͷûɻ뿪˼ʹΪǰװȻȴԶ֮С
֪ʵǲϡȻиֶתҾͲ͵͵üʱȥתӦСǧϢ
˲޿ռ䣬ֳȻٷת

ʱʮˣת΢仯ƺ֪ʧڲɱ
һӰ˾תϷҶȣ
Ŀھת֮ϣȻüͷһ壬ƺӾת뵽ʲô޷ץסֻܴɻһתȻɾںһγɵشڡ
תоŸڣÿһڴԼֱһɴ󣬸պݵһͬʱ룬ڲͨԽԽ
ϢȻԣһͿˣͨƾˣͬУȴʮƽ
龻֣
²˳٣һתʧ˻֪Ҫȶˣ
һ޵Ļ龻֣ŷ籩תڴ˴ĩ೵תǿ뵽ȥֻ·һ
ˡ
ֻҶȵ˫΢΢޵Ļ龻ھҵ
ҶȶʱϲϢȻڲǿҡȻԪʱκοռ䣬ϢҪǿϰٱСǧת֮УĪڴеĻҽ𹬣
ڿȷСǧȷ֮ĳطȻܾϲȴֲ֮Уһ̤룬пܣԶ޷
һνѣʱȥôпʮ꣬ϵʱڣ޷ټתпܣԶҲ޷õСǧı
ļìܣľ

ļˣҲڷת֮С
ؽҶ£ѵת֪תܣЩͷ֪·һ꣬һгķӡ
֮ҶȾٴھ͵Ҫǿ߿⣬ʲôֲûǿ߽֡
ߣ
ںһƾҶȹϷһڣ

ոսƽ֮ҶȲ֪ʲôһ죬һأ
ҲһγɣڻֹתٶȻҶȲҲܵ޴ѹȣǿԼС

뼸ͼ·ѣָо볡棬뵱Уһ
һʬ壬ڲͻȻӿڿʼסѪ⿪ʼɣ׹Ҳĥ촷ۡ


1093 һ·ʬ
ǧʲôδõڴˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢һ̫̾ڴȻ£ƴֻҪ΢΢һ£ͻ顣
޷

ʬ屻ĥ촷ۣһö䣬һбǼȫ֮У֪ᱻ˦һʱգֻ֪ᱻðնõγֻء
ڴ䣬͸պñ룬Ҷȸպ÷ɹץסղغã·ҷУȻȻ롣
Χûʲôס籩綴ȵֻпֲѹҶȲǰЩˣ׷ҸϣС侲ǰš
Ⱦң
Լʱ֮󣬲֪ͻȻһ綴պòһˣ˫ѱʶϣӵӿ
֮ʣȴպüҶȷ
Ҷ
ž֮⣬֮ͬ٣Уҷڡ
˴Ӿл˫ͫȼյĻ棬ҶȣȡȾң
鷨򣡣
綴֮Ҷᣬû˰ֻ·һؼһ˻޷
¡
֮γһתУһסţּԦ鷨ʼѹ綴

·˺˵ʹҽС
ͣ
鷨綴֮γ֣Ҷ˫üһһӣͰ˴ӷ綴֮Уհ˳һѪ
°ڷ綴֮£ŴգعѲ˾֮˵Ӱ
Ÿжڳȥ
ܾһΣȲڶΣܲ״̬ɹδʧǰɳֻܿ컯ˡȥ˫ȱʴԶҲ޷
У־ˣûжٶݣֻΪϧˣ
꣡
ɳһЩʱ򣬺Ȼռ𽥱ÿתٶȣԽԽˣһЩףҲת֮ǿӵ֮顢͸
һףн棬ݺᣡ
ƽ飡
֮УֻһףҶȷʧܷҲ޷ֲס
߳߳
ͻȻһ״ǰִ֮УƺܵҶȵĴڣȻѳһףغХ
꣡
߶ƽ飬һ׹⣬ӭס
ͣͣ
׶ʱ׹⣬ڰնԿٶȣҶ̼Ԧƽҷӱһ˦

·ͬһ㣬׹ⳤޣԵػӶ֮ͨϣҶȳû̴ʧ򣬷ɹϷµĴִס
Ҷֻʩչƽ֮ϣͷų޼˻ףںϣ˵ԶԿס
֮УҶҲõΪʩչ޼˻ףеϢ칬ǬӦ׷ɱ֮
޼˻ֻȲ£ʩչֳ֮ҶȾͲţ޷ԿЩס
¡
ոշɹǰΧǱ۶âɡ
ܼ¿鷳ˣ
ַٶȣٴδ߶ƽ飬һΣʵڶ಻ʤ֮ͨΪֹ𶯡
߳߳
˫̴һӡƽ֮е׹⣬Ҳʼſ׹⡣
׹ܷںϣ֮һ׹Ᵽ·Ҷһ׹֮ס
׼ɼ죬Ҷ̼Ԧٶȣϡ֮Ҫײ
߳߳߳߳߳
֩ףϮݺſռ䣬ҶȻӿٶȣ֮ͣܲУƼΪǱطš
ͣ
Ҷ޴ڣȻһУպ׹֮ױķϡ
׹֮ͷŴ׹⣬׹ҪڲҶͨ׹֮װ׹ƽ飬һ޷Ըͬϵ飬׹˦һ

赼ףҶŴѪӿ׻׹֮ףף޷˺֮˺֮סܶȴֱ͸
úҪϢ
ԷסףǷס
߳߳
žҶȼֱǰƽ鵼һףǿٵصľˣκ޷ֹҶǰĲ
ʬ塭
ϷɳУһƬƺոճֹ޷ܼףֻʮʬ壬Ưڰգеʬ屻˺ѣеĳΪ˽ڣֻġ
򣡡
ȻϵĴ䡢ȻܷŹһ棬֮ҶȲòǰ׼Է⣡
ಣ
ʬ˲Ϣ򱬷˲ȥʬ壬һ£ȫҶ֮Уʮö䣬Ҳһһֽ䡣
ôֿҶȾƽٶ
ڷɳܼǰȻҲףܼ֮ǰǰֲ;гķ籩һСģҲڷ籩֮¡
ৣ
ԣһ죬Ȼӭһ߾ߵʬ壬飬ﵽһٶߣ
һôˣҶСŻٶȣϸЩʬ塣
϶һЩ˺ѺۼĿģȷ籩˺ǿü籩˺ˣδ֪˺ˡ
ǰΣա
Լнǧˣ¾ʮ֮һǰһʮ־˵
ҶһЩʬ壬ϵĲƸ˶ߣһӾô࣬еҲҶȣռϵı
ʲôЩʬ壬ı

ȲôΪζ䣬ʱҴ˲ʩչ򣬰һٶʬ壬һһڣӡ¼ھת֮õٶʬ壬Ҷӵеȼڵˮ׼
Զڲ֮صĻ
ʬ壬ҶȾСǰʱתٶȣԽԽ죬ƺһҪס
һ飬ôڵҶȣҲΪ飡
ǡ
ûɶãǰУ֩˿˺ѺۼתЩϸϸ˺ѺۼԽͷŴ۹â
һٶˣ
Ԫʱֲ̫ˣ벻ȻϽһٶ𳬼ۣ֮£ǿ
ȻѾҶȻûͣ²׼˺Ѻۼ֮ڵķ϶ٷɹ
ͣ
ٶȿ磬޷ÿһ˺ѺۼһպҶȵ֮ϡ
ʱоںиһ£ָоǿҪ޷ֵҶȸоȻ˺һѿڡ
ŵһ亹ܶộҲһ޷ֵܣҪһˣ¸ղôһ£ͻᱻ˺롣
ٷɹΣƺ˺Ѿڼڱ仯ЩҲʧԣҶоյطɹȻΧһЩ˺ȴѶҶ޷в
أ죬ǰҶȾȻʣɫʯ
û뵽գǳʡ
ʯʹ֮Աӻ֮УʱȻʱʱ̶̿Σ


1094 
ʯʣҶȻӿ
ǰûжٿµηԾҶȾͼơƵص׶ѨĹͨ

лΪ裬ص̤ʯϣһ
ҶĨĨͷ麹תһѡ仯ˣ¹˶ãͻ᳹顣
ԣ
ƺˮ˲Ϊˮ˳תֱ£ָƽתϵͨʱ;˵رҲǽڣһЩʯ
ΪʯȻ̺һ˿˿ԣ
칬ԦķǶԵıʯ¾Щطھģ
ʯԺֵָ칬ʱĻ棬һЩǿӵдԵıʯһǽõġ
Ҳ˵治ڻҽ𹬣õԵıʯȥɽ磬Ҳһʾ޴ĲƸ
ԡϧΪֻܸܵԣȴ˽⡭ﵽʲôط
һᣬϤͨϢ֮Ҷһʺš
ΪУȻʵʵ磿
磬ֵںδڻԪʱ֮
ֻǣѾһδ֪ԶҲ޷ƽ磿
ߴȻûнתȴȥǽ磬ͬ磬ô϶ԪʱղԶ
һɻͷ˼Ƭ̣Ҷȴſ϶һ㣬Ǿ磬ȻǷյģʼͨĳַʽ룬ķʽͨȥķʽ˵Ҳһ;
ͺãȻܳȥͲõı³
龻֣
˲ڴ߶龻֣ΧѰСǧϢԴͷ
ԼʮҶȾ쿴ˣСǧϢŨҸ౶Ȼ޷ϢԴͷںδȻ޴ڣ
ΪͿû龻ָܵǧͼںδǺȻĽۣϧƫƫΥ龻ȻܵϢȴ޷һλ
Ҳ˵СǧӦת֮УںδȥѰҡ
ʱ¸ʼ϶Ѩͨȥ
;Ҳϼһ߾ʬ壬ȻǶȡԱʯ໥ɱԼ˰죬ҶȾͲɵһ𾪡
Ϊǰͨ𽥷ŴƺǰһƵġ
ǰУͳһͬĹŵ磬ҷҳּڣǾת˸ͨڣ
ǰ磬һǵµ磬̧ͷһϿվǵĴأʵʣȴһ㣬֪󷽣ʲô硣
öʬ壡
һṦҶȽһѨŵռ䣬ϡһЩֲϣʬ塣
̾ŷʬһһֽ䣬Ȼϸϸֲ
ԪʱҲֲ磬ֲȴɽ࣬ʢҪǣֲűʯһմȾԣǴһ˿˿Եֲ
Ե£ٵֲѾ˸ȥǰߣһƬǽ塣
ˣ̫ˣܶȡȴܣɱ
ɱ
Ҷ߳ŵ磬ʱ˷ŭȻһɱ¾

¿ɺãˣ
ҶʩչԪɹһѨͼһƬƽԭϣȻһĹԣϵĹӣȻűֲҪŨһЩ
ȻЩ̺ԣʯǧ֮һӵģǵõ֮ڣԣΪԽڶߵĴڡ
ԣЩԽԽá
ֻʮˣǻҹȵǿߣߣΧżµΧɱ
Լǧöǵõһö׳ΪߣЩڶϱ
ԩҲͷ
ȻҶ֮Уһˣһˣǵ̫ľոսʱգǿߣ
˾ȻΪãҶȵܣҺֻѹԪƣƽ⣬ǻõҶȵϢһ·׷ɱ
ΪѹҶҲ޷֪ж
ڣˣ
ٺ٣Ȼ磬һ޷֪СǧڣѰһҽ𹬣ѹαʱ˵׼Сǧڻҽ֮У
һɱ⣬ȻҶǲŹΣ֮ˡ
ǸͷβСˣνɽϪˮ׷׸СģɱһʲôֶΣƽڵĽ
ôҶȾҪСˣݺݵطҧһڡ
ɱ֮
ҶȴЦ󷽷ɽ壬ǼҲϲݣɽ壬ͼ󲿷˻ڶȡһһ֣ڲɱ
ǳΪʸ֮ģһӵΪƵķͷŻһʱỹ޷Ǵ˻һ߽֣һ߶ȡ
Ԫ
ҶҪˣ
ҶصһЦڶȡʵѾʩչɱУҪ֡
ɱףֱӴ߶Ԫֹö֣ͻҶȿɲ߶ԪķӡǴӡǸӵ޵ġ𡱣ɱϯӡ
꣡
ӰȻһΪһޡ
ʩչᦣ뼸ֵֽ벻ԼԦ֮ʣһֻ޴֣˲仮ռ䣬֮ϣ˱ɶȥ
ˣϧλնɱ⼸ˣ¶Ըˣ
ԾǿֶΣҶֳΧŵòɵõҶһ˵ߴߵˣһһͷǼѾŵĿɿڴĵӣɱ˹ȥ
ಣ
Ҷȼʧڰա
ȿȡ
֮ңһ˸ԵļұϣɱӣȻұڣײѷ죬ûаʯײ飬ɼʣӲѾﵽƷĳ̶ȡ
ѪԺؿһѪ
ȻӲҵģ
Ҷգ˲ϢƯǰ
㡭˭
ƺһףҶȡ
򣡡
ҶͻȻһݣſ˲ָץͷ˵㲻ʵʵĺܲңȻƽҵķӡ
ǡǡһŵֱµ˫Ȳɵķ֪ǰİǿߣȻҶȡ
ûлˣᣬ㲻գֻܹԼ޳̰ᡭ
ಣ
˵꣬Ҷ˾һ⣬ֱӿڣҶʧˣ˫Ŀһɣûɫʡ
֮󣬡ͻ˹ֻǲǡҶȡ
ģΣԼѡ䣬ֻԹԼҪʦлҲŹ
ҶһЦϵѪʼϣҶȻµѪ˲
ֻգ壬ȫҶȵ
ЩСС֣û֪ҽ𹬡ֻгΪϯӣʸգ
Ϊľǻҽ𹬣ݣӺð¡
ǼˣĻȥ
ڶҶȴɲƣͷųһƣץס৵һɻضȥ


1095 ʯ
꣡
֮УʮΧΧżʬ壬ۿҲӲΧ
ͻȻһϿձԦᦼʱɱᦻΪɾ޴ȼ𣬺ݺ
һңʮ˸˳ȥ
ʦ֣ͬһһѱһᣬ޲óȥȡ
֪ǰѲǵϯӡ
Ҷȴ߶ᦣٴΰΧ𿪣֮ÿɵһӣһ̴֮Ҷķɳһ£סӣһͬȥ
Χ˸ûȥ׷ûߴߵˣǿõΪȡǿʼɱ
ҶȴͽֱӰ䣬֪ͨȻ磬ϼٷС
״ʵһ޴ͨͨһ֪ͷںη磬;֮УҶȼѰұ໥ɱǡ
໥ɱ໥ӶԴˣ·ֹֻأ֮ƺѬġ
ţ
ԼʱҶӣһɹϢγɣԼһЩԵϢΪ˷籩ǣγɿµķ綴ԭƽ磬ֿʼһ籩ǡ
Ϊµ֮⣡
֮ⲻǵǣһЩ綴ռ˺Ѷ֮ʯʯҲ飬ϣڻڣҲ˲˺ء
Щ֮Ҳ֪ʲôطһδֳ֮ϢƺգһЩԵıʯΪ֮⣬øӶĿ
·֮Դ
Щ֮⡭о޴ڣԺη
ԣҫ۵Ĺâֱ磬ֻԵĹâɽ磬޽֮ض޷ڵ硣
ɵ磬ܴ
ƫƫԪʱգص֮⡣
Ȼ֮ⲢǿңȲһ߶ʯԹâ·Ȼһʱգһ磬ֻһ޷
ѵǻҽ𹬣
ǴʱͷŵϢµķ籩ԼҶȵ޷磬ˣΧȡʯ֮ıߴߴŸǿĸ֣ɱ
칬
ݺᷭڵĸУЩɵԼһֿµϢں϶ɣ˵һɵۣڡڣҪ֮Уڿ¶޷ж
ǰһƱסʱУҶȼߴӪÿһӪʮˣˣǻҹȵĸ֣ûһߡ
һҶĿˣ칬
Ȼߴߣߡ
ҪƬʱգҶȻӦΪǿߴߣÿһϢȻ̺ٵԣӿǵļ֮У߲ܵĳ̶ȡ
칬ߣ𵤡֮У̶ֳȣѾǺܾ˵ģһЩڣҲǲࡣ
ӦǻϢ̫ǿˣӦﵽԲԲе֡
ѳԽ̫߶ȣһԲҲһڵĶ֣ڷӡ֮ʱȻţһ棬ǿ⣬ɽ纱еš
ѩеǿߣʵֻ֣ǽ֣ȴ֣²УͿսʤǡ
һڣ˵һУһԱ÷ǣǲࡣ
ǰߴߣǻֲֿǿߣ֮УвʵѾﵽħǿ̶߳ȣ칬˵ʵеǿߣħռݷӡ֮صƣаݣֻͨڵǿ߰ˡ
ʦ𣡡
ҶȴӣǱطҷһӪУվһˣԼʮͷģûһ˿аħϢ˵ĺȻһͷǳĳ
ߴ֮һ
һϸȻûаħ֮У̺Ũҵ¾
ɼΪҹȵߣɱ˶ٵˡ
ɼ˶ҶǰͬϯӵĸЦδڣǵʵ
Щϯ֮䣬ҲǶթĹϵҸá
һɨ⼸ϯӣΪԲܸߵľ磬ȻܱģҲΪʵϵڵ֮ûһ˿ݣƬûгڵĸռ䡣
Ҷʵʵվں󷽣Ĭ֨
һλߣ󷽱˫֣λĽ˶ˣ֣ǰȻԵϢֻǿͻ⵽ӡ
ã
ǻƺҲû뷨ͬǿ顣

ǿ߳ʱǰ㣬ߺ󷽵ĵǣϽ˺ʮɡ
ƣ
һɿ˲ڵǿ˫֮ɣأһз籩Ȼǿʩչӡ˫֮С
ߴ߿ƿ˲ֻ֮
˺Ծ͸ܵ籩Ƶ
Ҷһƺл𣬶ǿӵзϵͨߣڻҹȶ꣬ȻǱо֮ߴߣȥ򣬶齨һһɡ
ǻ칬ǿߣԳΪһŵ䡣
ݣ
ռһյ
꣡
籩ǰͻȻȥȻֻûķ֮и㣬ΧˣĸǱͷĿѣ
ߣ
Ȼиһӣ
ƿ֮ڣȻһոµͨһӣ¸֣С
ಣ
˲ϢС
ҶҲ棬µʱС
öԱʯ
ոأͱһֻ֮ࡢϿվǵϣһЩԵıʯ⣬ͷųĹâ֮ࡣ
ҫ۶ˡ
ھʯ
ͬʱߴ¸֣´﷨
ʮˣƺƵȿֺھʯҶҲװȥڱʯһƳߴƺڰжԻϧʵ̫Ȼ֪ߴߣ׶תж˽⡣
Ȼ󿴼λʮӣֳߴӪ໥֮ȻûκɱͻΪռıʯ󶼻ߴ֮֡
ߴη䣬ǾЩ޷ȥʵġ
ʯǰвٵʯ
ʱ֮һھ򣬵ǿӿݣЩɽ綼ǿߣȴΪھ򹤡
Ȼִͨǰƺ̽·ߣǴżŵ飬˫һһСȭͷСʯ
ߴ߲ɿŶĿɿڴ
ʯʯ
˷׷ΧΧҿ̫żԶһ鿺ܣĿⱻʯʯ
ʯӴСֵƷʯοȭͷƴСʯ
ÿ˵õʮʯǻصɽ磬Ƕһˡ


1096 
ߣӼλУȡʯʼ
ʱ߶ʯһ˿˿ԣʯںϣʼԣδżȥʯԴ
λ˷תڻҹеΣҪԲɣ
գÿһϣЦݣתˣһ¶ڴ
ʱǼǰߴߣӿٶ
Ȼͨ룬ʣ̺˿˿ԣ໥Ӧâ飬˺޲ԶС
ԱʯҲԽԽ࣬˵ڳǿߣҶȣȥıأҲδ洦ǾԱʯĳ档
ɴ۵ıôľˣɻɵΪȻɴ۱⣬ֻгħ붫ʸ룬ҲҲд
תУԵıʯԼʣ˵洦ȡ
ѹӡ
ǰٶȺȻŻҶȵڵĺ󷽣Ŵӹͨ߳͸оһɷ·Ȼѹȣеļء
ѵѹȣΪԱǿʢγɵģ
˶ôһ£ҶȴѹУΧɵˣ֮ԣԽԽŨҵԡ
ԱǳԽɵ֮ϵġ
ӣȻɵγŨҵ磬ôɵѹҲӡ
ȡʯ
ԽԽ˲ǣԼ˰ʱڴķҲ֮ȥǰ˶ͨ磬СɽʯڡʯϣȻǶŲСʯ
Щʯ뺬Եıʯ֮ԱʯƵǹ⣬ʯķǣǹڡ

ѹȣǶʱʯߴҲʼھʯרʯھ
ҶҲһұ֮£⴦ռ䣬÷ݣײݵĺۼһʯȻģǶʯУӦǾ޴ĳɵġ
·ʯܵ޴Ƭ磡
Щʯ˼Ӳ
ǶԼֵĹߣʼھʯҶóһɽʯУȡʯ˰쾢ھһӻСʯ
ڳʯĵʮ־ˣھЩʯҲô򵥣
춼ʯ̺ŨҵԱʯβŻֵĳԣȫᱦ
ʯԣȻǰõļʯҪŨҲ٣һЩԪʱգΪλô
ҶҲֻڳʮʯȻ̫һֱˮھ򣬿Ѱȫõ
ϧЩĵ̣ܱ¶
龻֣
һϢƣģҶȰʩչ龻֣ӦǧͼϢ
ϢҪŨһЩȻ޷ӦڣתǴеĻҽ𹬣Сǧ˵УǸǿ󡢴һֻèСأ
֮ǰͬСǧϢϧ޷ҶüͷΧƴƴھʯˣҡҡͷ֪ˣԸض飿
򾲿Χһֱ˼ɴõ屾Ḷ́ͲĿǰСǧпܾľͷеĻҽ֮С
˼άΪּһ룬黹ǲԣɴĵطôǸµСأ
ߴڸ֣뿪ɴ۵껹õǱߣԼƬ磿
ɴ۵ʱܳɹߣǸСǿ󣬾Ͳ뿪磬׷ɱɴۣ
оܴɴ۵ʵ˵СȻȥݣҪ׷ɱɴۣҲһӵʱѣңɴۻ顣
ܲԾϴǿߣԪʱգԶʧ֮УôЩʧأ
ԽԽ磬иӿֲܡ
ȡʯˣƬռʯʯȫڿʱѹʱ䣬УҲûˣܴΧƬС

ߴټµӣӣԼȡԵߣȻ
ԵѹȣӾˣҪٷУڳ޷ģֻлطС
ѹ̶ȣѲ޽֮أߴҲܵѹȣˣҪ̫ࡣ
ȥ֪ʱ᲻粽Уû֪Σ
ˡ
ͻȻǰ˼죬һ𶯵Ϣ
һ˲ɵǰһΪǹâǿµԹâĹâ
¡
ߴ߶ɵüٷУٶԽԽ
ڼ֮һұը籩ǰɢ
ಣ
ǰͳһ໥ɱˣЩɵ°ʹͷˡĪаȾͷΧǾȻߴߣһҵ⴦硣
Ϊ磬Ϊʯʡдɽ籦ﶼƯڰա
ɱ
˫˼飬ӶԷʱߴߺԥ־ͳȥ
ಣ
еǿߣҲԼߣɱȥĿȨ
°ʹͷˡǸƣ
ҶȻҲӪܣٶȴ̫ˣٶ볣˱ٶȿ첻˶٣ѹѹҲУֻߴߣ°ʹͷˡĪаЩڣǿУٶҲ˿첻˶١
ոս磬ҶȾ͸Ӧ°ʹͷϢ°ʹͷһڸֶߴߣ֣ͣϷɱԷ
ȻһˣΪ⣬ǵʱ칬йˣơ
ƣȷȻҲ硣
ָ
ҶҪ磬˳ƶȡ˭֪̤ռ䣬ŷѹֱ帡գ˿ɵжֻѹȸӿ£ڳֻۣܱܡ
˿޷շУ
˫һٶˣ緲ЩߣڿΪٶȣ໥ɱֻʮڸֲǿС
˹측ҶȼΧ̫࣬飬ÿ˶һɱһ߶ȡߴߵĵӣʱҲ໥˲Ϊʼжԡɱ
ôʯʧԵŶƺռԽԽ࡭
ҶжؼδʼȡһɱҶ֪ҽںδʱȥףȻƯһ˼ı硣
ڻҽ𹬣Ҷȴδ
ҽпҶҲʩչ֣СǧϢһϢǡ
ھˣ˫ɱߴӶ˲ϣҽ𹬵״治ѲҪܵõƬıһòȵȵȿһֱұ㵥뿪磬б仯ԲӦ䣬һű仯
籦Ҳ޷ǧͼȣȻҶȳΪɽһʵȴﲻ۷塣
ֻеõǧͼݺɵ硣
ҶȲԥԵߣץȡʯż룬ЩԴ۵


1097 ʯ籩
Ӵ󣬴󲿷˶磬ɱᱦʮھˣֱӽ֮ı磬õıȫȥΪѹǿѡ
ҶȽؿűԵشʱʱֵˣҶһһɱ
ӬͷСҶ˵֪㣬ⲻ֪ݷЩǿߣкֶΣøǣҽ𹬡
ٿٿ
Ưžı磬ֻɱ΢ķȻ΢ȴܷƺиĿռ䡣
ৣ
˸û£磬籩綴Ѷܳûв֡
ᱦһ󡢱ĺ磬ֱ˺˱ռ䣬৵ӿ롣
ಣ
Ȼûע籩ǣһſʯɵŷ籩ɳʱ˶Ŀɿڴæƿڴֱȡƿն
ѵеط籩˺Ѷģ
Ҷиɻ
ͻͻͻ
ԽԽƷɳʮ˶·ֱȡǽռͿʼ籩ǿͬޣÿռڻζ
˲ע⵽ռ䷨ͳͳƷ紦
ͣ
Ʒ紦˺ԽԽȻӴֲķ籩ƺˮ޳γɷ籩״ٿռת
һ۵Ҳ֮٣ֻʯСȭͷСеһߴСŷ籩ֱѩתˡ
ͣ
˻δӦ׻ᷢ£
Ƿ籩磬γʯ籩ʱһŷ籩ʯͻȻվǰһϡ
ԭûںҲӷ籩ֻԽԽʯ
ǿСʯתԽԽķ籩˲˷һ˲䴩͸ǻʯѪ¡һصײһʯС
£˲֪Ϊ磬еʯǶʯ֮ڡ
ץʱ䣬ȡ
ʱûȥһˣʯ籩˴żɵȴȻʼȡ
á
ҶͷԪԿռͨʯ籩ԽԽ˵磬ʯ籩ǿµһǳѡ
ȫһҶ󷽷ȥʱ磬ֻǸоãȴȻҪȫΪҪ
ôܣ
ԭɳ磬صͨ磬ȴ֣ͨ羹ȻҲƿնʯ籩֮ǰھһյʯϣֳʯ
ಣ
˺ܶʯһΪʯ籩ʶʯ籩ݻ٣ǼӲһɽڲϱʯ˲丩·һͻԵʯҶ̷С

ܣ
ȻܵСģҲϣʯ籩ûô£Ǻץһܣγɱǽ
ͻͻͻ
Լʮٴξҵ𶯣Ҷ̧ͷһ籩˺ѳĳڣƺɳʯŷ籩ٶ

籩ͻȻֱͬˮʯŷ籩֮˲һ˵ķǵš
û˿ķ֮ڷȫʯ籩Ķ֣
³ͳΪһƬӵľ
еˣȻڶȡ󲿷˿ʼķߣϧ籩ԽԽܼϼķǸӿֲʯ籩ʱһڸо²ŵõսľʧ롣
ˣˣ
ǿ·ţգϧȻʯ籩Χ˻һʯ¡
˲ٻһ˰ɷԼУ˶ɼףֳ׼Կʯ
ಣ
һˣոջɵʯ籩
û·ΧǷ籩ֻܴ߶ڵʩչɵŷʯһ¡

ǿߣһȻѼʯ𿪣˲Ƹıʯܹһ١
ಣ
ûüϢһ£ʮʯŸӾ˵ķ籩৵ӿ
ˣ
һʱ䶼˷ǹΪʯ̫࣬ҧסӶɵ˳ʯһȥ
ÿһնɱʮɵۣôǿ

ɵʯһʯɵĽ֮˲һմֻǵֵסһʯڶ顢ֱ񣬰ɵϣȻżʮʯ꣬꣬
ʱһѪ
ֲǿֲǿߣȻҲֲһ󣬿Ʒ籩ڼǿѵǰˣ޻صģ
·ʯ֮УҶʯ籩ֱǽҪԼеˣͳͳҪɱ̫µ̫ʯ籩
ٴοϷһٶˣûã֮һһ߾ʬѪһƯڰգŷ籩ʼתûãͱ籩еʯһδεײճΪ顣
ʬ޴棬һòףʮꡢʮĳۣת֮С
ʣ´󲿷ˣְ취ߴߵĵǣȻʼʩչ󷨣ͨԿʯ籩
˵취ã
γɣĢƵĳڷ籩֮Уϵ𶯡
¡¡
ʯ籩ֿʼӣ籩ٶԽԽˣʯײ֮ϣ󷨷ܿ˹ѡ
ˣΧЩǸˣĽ󷨣ǴŸɼףֳʼԿʯϧŷ籩һαٶȣʯӾˡ
еʯһһ飬򶼱𿪣ȻʯǴɼϡ
ôһֵܾ£
˿ʼӣеҲ·Ѱ壬Уɼװǻȥһδв
ͻͻͻ
ԭ״̬ٻܿȥϣϿշ籩˺ѴԽԽֲʯٴν٣ռ䶼ԵĹâĦ
ã
£˱ɫҶҲһ
꣡
׵ǼˣȲѣߣɼ֮ǰԵֵʯڣһʯɼףڶʯֱɼףȻһƬʯֱӰҳ
ɲǼ䣬ʮ˾ͳΪȻѪеԪܳϣϧԪҲֲ籩籩˺÷顣
ôһʱ䣬Ȼʮˣʣ»ŵˣֻʮˣҶƴѰ취
ʯ籩ʱѾȫ磬γɷ籩ĺʶڷ籩֮Ужʮˣջûҵ취˷籩֮С
һ֮󣬶顣
ʣʮˣмȻڰշ籩֮Уƴȫ߶ɼγɷֵʯ籩
мˣҶһſڵϣǶʯУϿռ˿ҲѵضԿʯ·
ȻҶȵѡǶôȷ·ķ籩֮˲٣ǿԴĿĵؼһʯŷ籩֮ݺݵʯǽڡ棬ǶУ͸˵⡣
⣬ˣ֮⡣
ΧڡˣĽˣһɶôǿɽ磬ٳۣԽһһɡ
ǣԶھת֮ڡ
ֲãôٵǿ߽ԪʱաҹȣգƬջӰϡ٣Ϊ󲿷ˣ֮С


1098 ӹ籩
ͣ
ͻͻͻ
¡¡
ʯ籩ڲϵؿ񱩣ʯȻŷ籩Ͻ뱦硣
籩ÿÿתиĥſռʣʯ޼᲻ݣͬڿռ䣬ɼ⣬ʯǶʯ

ҶͻȻоΣϢʯ籩Ͽ񱩣ϿսѹϷʯȻ籩ʯһδײ籩ʯ濪ʼһ
֮ͷ˺ҧȫ˶ƤһǺˮ
ÿһκÿһھʯҪ
ŷ籩һμǿʯٿʼƽʯ籩˲ͱʯײ÷顣
ܣ
ƣҶǿˣʯ籩Ҫܳʱ䣬ʼ߶Թһܣ

Լֲһ죬ʯڱ籩ȫҶȵķʯ籩֮УתϵطĥܷҶ˶𶯣Ҳ¶ʵ̬ҶȾӼڷС
âһһƺʱʧڷ籩У
ಣ
ͻȻ䣬һȭͷСʯŷ籩ҶƷʯ˲䣬ɵõɴ˫ۡ
䣡
ʯʱغݺײڷϣ԰ڳ۸˲䴩͸ʯ͵ذѷȻײһѷ죬ʯǶС
ಣ
ҶȸûᴭʯֱӾѹ֮ϣһһʯԼʮ飬ŷ籩ٶ
ܣ
һץֱץһܣʱǺˮеСƵģڷ籩ҡҡ׹ʱᱻߡ
žžž
ܵڷ֮ǰʮʯȺһһһ飬Ĵײ֮ϣһɹɾ˱ը档
ÿһʯײܣҶȵɫͲ԰һ֣ʯײ𶯣һѪ촽ۿžʩչܣֵסʮʯ
֮ϣǶһ۵ʯԭǹ״ڣܼƺۡ
мʯ¾Ҫˣ
⡭
ܣʮʯȻ磬еʣڼʧڷ籩֮Уʯŷ籩еУκʣԻһС
һΧԭʮˣʣµˣУΪﵽԲĴڣҶǣǻƣȻչֵʵﵽԲ۷Ĵڣͬڳֵš
ֻ磬Ѿ޷壬Ҳ֪Щھͷ³Ρ

΢΢˿֮䣬ȻһƬƷǰҶһȻ½½ʯŷ籩Х
籩ԽԽˣ׿ռ䣬ʯ֪ʲôطƿնԽԽ࣬ͬǹֵ꣬ڵڷ䡣
Ԫʱֲ̫ˣףΪԪʱգԶʧǲʧɥڴˡ
ɵıýģһʯڷ籩£ֱ޼᲻ݣ
ٿٿٿ
жʯŷ籩ҶһʱҲ飬ֻ˲ץһһܡ
ܼΪǿķҶҲ޷Ƿ籩뱾ͼ̵ʯ֡
գۼ䣬Ҷȱץʮܣγɵǰʮ
ԶСģʲôɴۡ໨ŴִڣҪʱһһʧʷ֮УҶֻӵĴߣӵдУ
ȻеһܵȻԼȻ£Ҳ䡣
ʱ˿̣ʯ籩ҶȸܵԼС΢û٣Ϊġ
ΪУУ
澳֮УŻĳɳÿ˵£ΪҲ̫СȻȻֲȻ
µʧȥеȻѾű桢ƸĥپִȼǱ
ˣ
ʮܺ󷽵Ҷȣɫסպ£һ㱡
һƬһƬʯŷ籩󣬶ҶڵķͻͻͻؼƷ

˲ϢʯĴ֮ϣ֮ѷ籩Ӱ졣
䣡
һʯײ֮ϣֱӱײ棬Ȼ漸ʯԴݿƣֱײڵһϣź¡һͱʯ÷飬Ƭ籩ߡ
£ܵķҶ̫ģԴ󲿷ڸ֣Էס߶ѿԲҪһ֡
˼̣ҶУԷסʯܣʮʯ£ˡ

ŵһ飬ҶȾͼը󷽣ʮʯͻȻƷҺ棬ʯ
ˣ
̣ͬһδδ࣬Ȼֹȫ߶ſܣžſһܰƬӴܼʯֵסӹһ١

ʱ䣬ʯһصײ챬ըŷ籩ٶȣʯҶؿ˫ĿŭһƬʯͰѵڶܳ״ݻ١
Ȼ޴棡
ҲһƬʯ˲Ϣڶһգ۾ˣĿֽӭһƬʯ
Ҷȷλñʯ籩˰ףڵϣһĹ֡
䣡
һƬܼʯȻײһʱ䱬ը𣬵ĿܼҲˡ
ʯ籩ûûˣҲãѵֻʩչ̫һȵֶΣ
Σ޴Σʯ籩£һҲֲʯײʯ
ҲҪĥԡ
䣡
һըˣֻʣܣҶֿʼʩչԹᣬûвʩչֶΣڻ֮ߣպþͿܡ
ܷһ󣬾ϣ
ת̫죬ǱֶΣһ޵еСڣǿߣҶȵ쳣ϢһӦҶȾ군ˣ̫޼˻סΪʮϢ
һõı
¡
ϰٿʯײ֮ϣܾҪҶڼܣֻ֣мֲϣʯ籩ԿҶѾʱʱ̵̿سɳġԪ񡢸ڵõĥ
ˡ
ۿֻʣһܣȻӱһʥ⣬ֻǾһ⣬ʯ籩ƺܵͻȻӰ죬ʯ籩𶯼
ҶȾͼ籩ƫλãҷ𽥼ıʯ籩֣һϿգǾ޴籩ڣҲټţҲûʧ
ǴͷȻֱû뵽籩õ
˲վһʧΧȻǷ籩ֻʯٶ֮ǰϡʯϣʯ
Ѿɵ磬磡
ֻ磬˶ʯ
ಡ
ȻӰӷֳ֮Ȳͷ
߰˸ˣܻˣʵҶȵоգ½ȥҲȥֻʬ壬ɢ÷Ĺݵı硣


1099 ΢ʵ
ʯ籩ֻƫƣһЩûδʧʯƻȻ˲ɱǿߡ
ҶȲҴ⣬ǰǼˣҲҴ⣡
ৡ
ԹԷţȻ磬һȻӵѹֱҶ˲أͣ
ѹȡ㾪ˣ
òסΣͷּҲ޷Уֻܱߣѹѹһ޷ڱǰЩˣҲֻ࣬Ҳ칬ЩǿӰӡ
ҵģ
ѽףʯ籩ѾҪʧһЩƯڰգֻһˣ̫Եʯ籩ٶȻǿУһһˡ
ƣ
˵ˣգֱ׷ɱҶʱһ۾ϳǻơ
ٿ
ҶȸոƽֵˣһֳҶȡ
ùҶ䲻˵
仰˿û˷ëԵĺȵǶҪǵģСӣڹȥүүҲԿǷŹ㣡
ΪΪʳȻҪõе
һһǵУ
ǿûˣ
Ҷ򾲵˵ǰˣȻǴﵽԲУӽ۷ĴڣҶֻɵ۾Žףȴ˿塣
꣡
һ˵סˣͬʱ֣ҶǰˣȻѹ״̬£ɳ۶һ滯ΪһŴ󹭣˲ϢҶһ֮
ٶȱ;ˣԷɳۣʵǿ󣬶Ļ֮ٶȳԽЩ֮磬ռٶơ
ΪܳΪ֮Уٴԭ
Ԫ
֮һ֧һ֧κһ֧ɿʯɱͬȸ֣಻¡
Աѹ˵˿ٵĻ֮ϼѣҶȴڻ֮ʱûΪӰ׵ض֮
ͣ
ƳȻŭ룬ҶȲĶ֣޷ѹ磬ɵʩչͨ
ԼҶȰȻʮֻ֮γɼ
ҶȻ֮ʵϣöԷʵ壬еȴ壬ԪΪӣֳľ֮ͨ
ƾԪҶȶݺɽ硣
ã˲¶࣬µ˾Ŀռͨ£Ǻúú
һһ֧֮ҲδҶ½ǣԷ۵Ͼ磬޵ģɣҪίߡ
㲻ŹңѵһŹ㣿ʲô£ʹʲôҶȻһˣۣǰŪ
ߣ
û뵽ҶѲֱβ̴߶л󹭿ʼȼգһ
ԭֶΡ
ҶͻȻһץһȻһˡ
׷
һԪ֮УлʧΪһųɫĴ󹭣һеĻ棬ƺ壬Ϊʵʡ
һƳҶ¶⣬Ѱѷȫںϣɸı̬ǲ̫ľǰף̫ľ˻ܴһء
ҶһЦ⵹ֻ
ͣ
Ϊ׷ĳӳɫɣԼһɣ治ǻ棬һɳɫϢơ
֧֮ƿٶȱ֮ǰĻ֮屶ֹѹ磬ٶȣѽӽﵽ۷Ĵڡ
ÿµĹҶȫҲﵽ㡣
Ԫ
˲ϢɼҶţɼ֮ϲŵϢ欣·ҶȵԪһ
ԪҶȵԪʵҪǿãǲ֪ʵ
꣡
ԭɼǿ˲ϢɱҶȵģҶһȻĿһԭҶķɼ˲Ϣ͸ı˷ұ֮С
㡢ҵԪɱ
һĻţҶܶɼһʩչһɸͨѷɼѹˡ
ͣ
ҶֶˣһΣһκΧԣȻעʱͲܶˡ
Ҷֻһǰ޷ǰһӣнͰͷ­ն£ͷ­߸
ֵܣ
ɱû·˵ˣԼֵʱŭһȴûɱҶȣתߡ
ٿ
Ҷһץʬġ
Ȼʱٴһ㵲ǰ
㡭ͷˣȫ벻ףͻȻסȥ·Ҷȣŵ˸ɲȻҶȾΪˡ
Ǻǡش˭֪⻹л
ҶȵһЦĪ⣬ʱչֳٶȣʵѾ֮ǰǸƲǵˡ
һԽڵĴڡ
ѹ磬˵ٶʵⲻôͷˣɻҶȣҶʵһͷ
֪Ҷȱߣ
ߣ˸ӦԣҹߴߣߣڻԪʱݺᣬҵܡ
Ҷȸߴ֮ϣΪڣӵѪŨȣѳԽڣԽκߣڣҲһӵѪ־ʥ޴ڡ
һҶʩչͨƣѳԽߴߣӵ󴫳УԴ߶̫һԣԵٶȳԽߴʮֹ
ԣ磬Ҷȵռ˵
ǿԺʱ˾Ȼ쳣Ϊ֮ҪҶȺ
⵹Ҷ⣺ɱֵܣأ
ʲôֵܣֻڻҹȣʶĺѶѣΪУֻкôĻֶԸκˣֶΪ
ȷ˫Ӯĺ¡
ҶһץɭɭͷųһΧٴһȻ˾Ȼ޷һ£¶ֲı顣
㡭㵽ʲô
ȻƾգһУȫףǺεȵͨ
򣬷֮Ҷʩչ˲Ϣ˲þֹ򣬰мԦڵĿռ䣬ȫֹ
ɵ磬ʩչ򣬻޷ΪﵽԲʵҶĸ֣磬ܵѹȣҶȴѹȣԿԣʩչԾֹ
ͣ
ҶĮˣһҲû˵һնͷ­˲ʬ֮Уõд
ĸͽɣøֶΡ
ɫң֪ҶˣŹ
֣㲻ʶˣ
ҶһЦȻǶģԵ߶ֻ̳Ϊģ
ֵܣƴ󾪣ִϲ
ɼȫû뵽һͨ˶ѣȻ˾춯ص
ҶһλûΪģЦֿϳˣģֻɱûݣţ׽磡
Ŀǻҽ𹬣
ǰɣִеĴڣʶһ㿴Ǳαһȥᣡ
ҽ𹬡
ͻȻڻƵϣһεԳֵΪҽ𹬶ôֵܾҪʧˣ


1100 Ƶ
ʧ
էһҶȫŪƴ˻˼
ƻɣڻָʯ籩УĲһǰ㣬Լ֮󣬲Ż˵ҽ𹬣пܸڣ
ڣ
Ҷȶʱľɣҽ𹬴Ԫʱն꣬˶м
Ҳֻһ칬ѣ
Ȼ֮䣬ڻƵϣ޸дƺϣųȥܣεص仰ʱӵʧ䡣
⣿
֣ȴҶһѪظ
칦ҶȲŰ̾칬ƣԻԪʱյ˽⣬Ҿ;ô˲򵥣ءȻˣ
ȼǰУҪ뿪Ƭʯ籩ʯ籩ʧʱһɷ籩ռĦײ֮ʱʯ콵ĴɣԻ
Ҷͬȸ߶ȣĿ⣬Ҷһۣһ˵һ濪ʼҶһδ֪硣
ֶ硭Ҷȷû˵ȫ
Ȼһδɣ仰ҡҡͷ룬ΪҶ磬˽ɣ
ҶȵͷĬˡ
ΪңֹһΣ
ҶȻ޺ɻʱʱͻȻ˫ͫһ˸Уس̾
Ŷ
һףҶԺը
ƹȻ磬Ҷϣֻ࣬Ȼкܶʣ𺳣źܶ˽ԪʱգɶʧˣĪǡǶ֮УкܴʣΣ뿪ģ
뿪İ취ܼ򵥣ôģôȥڻԪʱգ磬ʱҲڲӿֻ֣Ҫ̤֮УȻȻͻᱻ磬صԪ֮УֻǻȥźֲܿجΣʱʱ̶̿ӿ֣м꣬꣬Ǽǧꡭ
ԭˡ
֪ΪߴߣԳΪҹȵˣܣɳ磬ȻԻȡԴ룬ǰߣʵתʮųһΣĪͨҲԽ
תֱӽ磬ֻͨܽΧ磬޷ģ
ֳôΣΪλҪðգѵҲΪ˻ҽ𹬣
ǺǣȻǣҶʮǰһνҾͻȡ˲١
ƽŲŻƺҶ仰ļ䣬üңµɣΪҪѰҵı𣡡
ѵ
ҶͻȻֹޱȵؿƣԭ֡־ȻǷز¶׾
Ԫʱգж˽룬ж˴δ
ֻûҶ뵽ǣƾȻЩʧ֮һǰʵ̼ͬҶ񾭡
˿֪Ҷʵ棬֣ԭν磬ΪľѰ㱾䣿
ʮǰԪȣ֪ҽ𹬵ĴڣνԪʱգ֪ܣһξתʱɱϧϧʯ籩֮󣬱ʧУҺΪһֱڻʱղԶʮУν磬ҲɹһΣΧϧǱʯ籩ߣ
ôֵı𡭡ϲĻӦڰɣʧǿߣ඼ڸ֣
ǣΪﵽڣſʼ֮ã޽֮Σɽգ˭룬޽֮ܶȹһδѹأɽգȴʱ֮УȴܸӦ޷λ
ҸӦСǧĽһ
ʱŻⷬҶȾ뵽һ㣬ҲƱʧĿռ䣬˵Сǧڵʱա
Ҳǵ꣬ɴǴʱգ
ͬϢ紦Уȴ޷һһ㣬Կ϶Ҷƶϵĳ
쿴
֪ϱʱգѾܲʯ籩Ȼ磬ֻǱԽԽϡ١
Ȼָһ¾
Ҷȥֻϣһ߸ʬʬϣĿʮСͬʯðѸʬǶ֮С
֪꣬ʬʬ֮УȻҲ͸ŵԣʬϢ֮
ڸ֣ɵȫ䣬̾⼸֣ҶȲ֪ΪλΪڵķһ㵡
ڣһڣҲʯ籩֮С
̤꣬ڣǾ
̾һϴҽҲһֲʯ籩ҲδȥǰҹߴЩǿߣӦýǰ֣Ϊ˻ҽ𹬣þ͵Ϊֹȥл·˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ʵҲΪ˻ҽ𹬣Լ̶ѨҲҪһ޷ҲŻȥĿǰΪֹһӦҶȵǺܸлƵĺ⡣
˻ҽ𹬣Ի˵Ҫһ㣬Ҷ֮ң㲻ϵˣҲûһɣΪˡ
Ǻðɣһȥ̽һ̽ҵıδɣںδһҪ⿪ܣߣ
ҲȰҶȣǰ
˾Ƭռ䣬ѹȣԽԽֲҶƼֻܲ뱼ߣ˵Уܶס
֣ô˽⣬֪ܣ
һߣҶȻ˽һЩ
һδηһδ֤ԪʱաӦãӦһ޴ʱգȻʱգȻγɵĽʱգΪģ޷֤ΪӦòܣǿˣԪʱգڶﴦʯʣԸţĳʣʱգ֮أ
֮ǰ˵ûлҽ𹬣ôһ£
Ϊδйˣۼҽ𹬣ϴξת֮ǰֹ˵еĻҽ𹬣ʱҵıպڻԪʱգʱĽ𹬣һƬⲻ֪ΪԭγɵĽӰ϶ǿ߽û˼ұԿ϶ҽ𹬾ڣҲתľͷ
޷󡭡
㿴￪ʼƺֳֹµսۼѪЩǿߣµģ
һԻ֮ʣ𽥿磬ΧԼսۼԽԽŨҵĴ̱Ѫ֮
ƺҲоѪܸͨӦһ˸ӦĴڡ
֣㿴Ͽյ㣬ôо½صġ
ʽ̤Ƭ磬Ҷ̧ͷһȻͿͷ㣬Ȼֳһȫߵľɽ
Ŷ
Ҳ㵵̧ͷȥ
УȻǵߵġ
ɽ籩ǸΧţ֪ΪεȵЩɽߵֻǸһ硣
ֻ̫̫࣬ӣ໥ӳ֣γɵķ
죬̫ˡ
̲ס棡
ҶԺҲǸŵߵ磬ֲǼʵģ֮ʵ޷ȷֻǿһ۾ͷΣúϢһ
ǡûҲָоƣƺܹ죬һʱ䣬֪ǰǺ˺ã˻лᣬǰͲ֪ǺεȽ֡


1101 Ť֮
͵ؼɣҶɫŻָ
ķΨһģʯϿǵߵ磬ĬƬ̾һԻʵ֣Ƭռ˽⣿
ɺٶȣʵڸҶȣ㱾ڣǷУǶ
ĬĬҡҡͷͰעΧһУʵڲٴνδ̤Ҳҹߴߣǻϣ˵ء
ǷӦڣ
Ҷһʡ
ƱڵʱգһƻţԪϵ޷иģҶȺ֪ĸ֪Ρ
Ȼ޷ںδһ·һֱڰиӦϢƺһֱڻԪʱգɾ޷ȷϡüΡ
龻֣
޷ϢСǧϢˡ
Ժʩչ龻ֿ֣ʼΧԣԼָ
Ϣǿˣƺߣˣ
һӦ֮Ҷȱһ㵣СǧŨңΧĳϧ޷
תʱľͷǻҽ𹬣ȻҲͬľͷһʲôܣߣ
ã
ҶȺܹϣͷӦ˲翪ʼŲ
ƬռѹѾ޷˷ܣֻܲǰУĳЩҲȲϣѹȶԪĽо񱻿סʺΪܡ
Ƭռ룬ǰȻǼͷ

˿̣ϿմһƷ籩
ѵʯ籩
Ҷƶ䲻һȴͷӿԪ
üʱ̧ͷȥ

ȶܣ
ֻǿһۣɫһƬңʯ籩Ҳ飬ʱתͨܡ

Ͽգǵߵľɽ磬ͻȻر仯ȻֱӴϷ׹ⳡЩǺƬ׹յĸооߵ磬ѹѹѹȶ̼䣬԰磬ֱѹ顣
Ȼ޷
֣㣡
ߵ粻ϵػû٣֪ײôֲĻѵͷҶȲٱܣʱͷԣŻƣǰٶȣԦԣȥ
⡭
𾪲ѣΪҶչֵͨٶȣѾԽڣ޷ѹ£ɵط
ৡৣ
Ȼ֮䣬һɻûߵϢΧǻûϢһɿµʯʯͳͳС
ã
ٷеҶȣͻȻо޷ƿػƣڵߵ黯УƺǵߵУɽ֮ϳľ
򱻵ߵûʼ
ӣɼŻû
ɶ񣡡
ΪУС̫Сʱ˿̣ҲֻܿŻߵ㣡
òҶٶҲƺԾҲܵߵ֮Ӱ죬Ҷͷ󺹣˫ͫŴоʣߵ絽ʲô
̷
Ѿʱ̣Ҷ߶̷
ţã
ոմ߶̷ֳɲǼ䣬ҶȾͷԼڵĴƬռ䣬ƺߵ֮ȫȥʼƯң̷ѹơ
̷޷ҶȷһҲƻڣߵ㣬صķ޷̫һһʱҲ޷գٶҲ޷˰ĵߵ֮
ôֱ仯
ʱҶȾ͸о˫ֶ޷һ¾ͺ̧ܷͷһֻϷϽϷĵߵ֮УƺҪ磬ǵߵ硣
һƣҶĳ
ȻߵƮ첻еߵ棬Ϊ粨Ť㣬жô޷ݣƵӣʽС
˵ңڣҲ޷
޷̷޷߶Ҳ޷߶壬ΪѹƵҶԽԽоԺ
ǱʲôϵưһʼѹߵŤ֮ʵڿֲ
գҶˣη޼£ԼǺеСۣȥ֮
֣Сİ
ͻȻϷŤߵ˺ѷε
ҽУ
ҶĿʼΪڵķɵۣҲڵܣʧȥϵĲҽС
ţ
ʮŵߵƺҪӿߵ磬ٶҲԽԽ죬Ȼֿʼܵ޴ѹȣŵߵŤ㣬ȻҲŤָо˺ѡ
ʹ໹δʧ˵ǲſʼȻҲŤĵߵ㣬ȻҲŹâŤŤ

оֱ֣ҪŤֱ֮۶ŤʹҶȾȻ̲ס߽һ
꣡
ȻҶĵ鷢ˣûŤߵе֣ȻŤŤҲǿʼ飬ͷ˲飬ϵˡ

ҶһεȻֱŵߵŤŤ˵ߵŤ㣬Ƕôܼоʵʣʵ֮УŤ֮ȻʣҲ顣
ʱ˿̣ҶһҶȴδѹȣʲôɽյѹֵһᣬֱǽһɵ磬ܼǿٱǧ硣
ⲻɵԣҶȿֱ۱һ۶ϣȻ󲿷ֶŤߵ㣬Щһʣ´벿ɵ޷ݵĸ
֮һԣ޷ĴڣҶ˵֮һ޷Ⱦڵԣ״̬
ߵͿȾ֮һңںһ𣬾Ͳһ޷磬ߵ㣬һɲе֮
磬ΪǿȻܵѹȣҶܷ
꣡
ͣ
嶼ߵŤУҶһѪͼ˫ۡ˫ţʼŤ㣬ƲһŤ
һŤҶȲΪSΣ
ôһŤʹ࣬Ƚͻʱȫ飬飬Ȼʹ࣬ȴطΧŤ֮ⲿ˺Ҷȴͷſʼ˲Ť˺顣
ʱһŤߵ֮ҶȾһѪˣͷֱۡ˫Դ飬ֻʣ¼⡢Ƥ֧ŵΪȫ飬ʼ״̬·ҪΪһࡣ
찡
ҶȻ޷ǰпͷŤߵ㣬һΣҶȿ¾Σա
ֲöٵ˽ʯ籩޷ĵߵ֮
ҶǿɵΪͳױŤ֮Ϊһһ飡
ȼա
ÿٻָ֮Ҫܾ֮סһδεŤ顣
ʱ߶ʮ鳬ʬ壬̫¯ȼգϵӿҶ
ʼõٵĻָţڵĹϸϸƤ̰֮
ΪӦԤϵ״Ҷʮ𳬼ʬ壬̫¯֮Уϵȼա
˿̣һŤ֮ҪٶŤ֮УҶȿ˴ĿĵһĻ


1102 Ǭߵ
һʬ壡
Ӧ㲻ʬ壬һ飬ǵ¡ϢҶ˵̫Ϥǻƣ
ԲΪȻܲסߵŤ֮飬˺һһ顣
ʧȥ䣬ҲˣҶ
ϧˡ֣
Ҷ𽥿šƣȻ˫һһ£һ˲סƿʼȼգ𣬾ȻŤ֮΢ȼա
ȻҶϵҲ𾪡
ΪԶᡰķĻҶȾ֪ͨ𣬸Ť֮ȼա
һΪ磬ǴڻԪʱУȻҲ̺˻֮Ȼȼա
֨֨Ƶʬ忪ʼʧУ
꣡
գ֮䣬ҶֱεؽһƬŤ֮ƬߵŤռԼɳҲ˵ҶҪ֮顣
ʱͿʼŤ飬ģƴŤ֮ʼŤȻ顣
ʼϡﻩ͵顣
ԼйһξһΣҶȲδҽУҲ˫ĿѪ˿ޱȣֱۡ˫šԴŤŤһˣӲΪһƵ̡
ӣҲòԴŤΣ΢΢ԲͷâƵġ
Ѫ˿
ҶˣȫͷѾ飬ԴԴϵӿȫһô³Ʋࡣ
ʱȥҶŤߵռŤε⡣
ôһƬ顭
ڣʱŤʹӭȻ̫¯ڵͬʱϿŤ֮УһƬѪ⣬һƬһƬ
ЩѪ⣬ַ룬ֲģҶȴмиӦͬϢ
ЩŤ֮Ǳˣߴ°ʹͷˡĪаĸ֡
жˣԼʮˣȫϢûһ˿ʥĸоھͷûߵŤ֮С
ߵ٣ʱʱ̶̿ᷢߴǣû⣬ȫߵ֮С
תȻ޷ߵͷ
ʱҶȲЩ׻˵һûлҽ𹬣ΪУҲ˻ҽ𹬡
ԣҽԶֻһ˵ǿߣҲвߵȻɴվɽ۷ǿߡ
ԣһĻԡ
ôѪ⣬ܷŹˣպÿԵ֣Ҳֱա򣡡
ҶȻŤߵ֮ڲϵߵΪ飬ͷȫϣڻָ֮Уֻܴܶ߶Ԫͷ
£һƬ⣬㸲һƬһƬ飬Щ飬Ҷֱڷɵһֱɣһ룬ȫʼĹۡ顣
룬ԡ
ȫȻ󲿷ֶɣһƬŤ֮ҶѾһ˿־壬飿
ҶȻΪɵ۾ŽףҲӲˣȴȻļǿڣҿʱʱ̲̿ĳ̶ֳϣҶȵں޲ࡣ
ԣҶܻţԽЩΪ߳ˣǶˣҶȴȻǿ澳澳
磬ֻ˲ݺᣬЩƺƵɱˣڶ硭
һƬһƬŤʱգҶѾʮ𾪣̩Ȼ֮һδεŤ֮С

֪ãǷ˵ߵ磬Щ޷֪ѽʱգȻһʬ壬ҶŤ֮С
ʬ壬ʬ壬֮ǰЩ飡
ǿߣ
ʬû˿Ϣֻһ䡢ʥζҶƳʱϲȻһڵʬ塣
𽥿ҶҲɫˣΪʬ壬˵ȲİҲϤߴߣֵ֮һ°ʹͷͬӪĸ֣Īа
û뵽ҶȰϿĪаʬ塣
ʬȻǳһδŤ֮޷֣飬飬вõĽۣߵ֮ǰѾˣȻձȲڸ֣Ϊھͷ
Ǻǣʬ壬ʮڵʬ壬׬ˣһŤֱ֮ձɡ
ʧŤ֮һ̣ʱʩչ򣬰ʬڣӡ
õڵʬ壬ҶŤ֮ȥģֶһݡ
꣡
ת˲ֽһƬɵŤ֮
Ť֮ҶȾ𺳣ףΪĪаˣҰ֮еŤ֮ŤҲ˼飬ﵽSΡ
ð𶹴飬ʼһδεıǿŤ飬ٴ飬ֻʣѪʧȥ˹ʬģˮڸ߿ϡ
黹ڳŤ֮˺Һ֮ԴԴϣҶѾҲΪ顣
š
ʹм尾УͻȻҪ뿪ƬŤ֮磬Ҷ̧ͷһֵߵľɽԼܽˣǳ
֣ͿԴָо̫ңԶ
䡭
΢оУŤ֮ͻȻʧҶȵһɲͬʼ͵ײĦҶ޷˺ֱ۶ʼһضѡ
Ҷʱһͬ˫֣һѹȣҲûеߵŤ֮硣
ɲǣ·һи֮пҶôļ̣Ȼе˫֣
ѹԣԡ
ոͷ򣬰˫ƿסͷԼվ˵ߵУǾɽΧİգǰǾɽ̧ͷһȻϿյߵ磬Ϥİ磬飬Ĳͬͨ硣
죡ʵڹ죡
磬Ȼǵߵ
ңƬ磬Ϊ޴ȻҲõ߼ʣһɳأҪһݡ
صȻԣ磬ŨҲٵԣþȽϣԣԼӽһ롣
ɵ磬ôܴ硣
һʺţֳҶԺ
ѹѹһһ޷֪̽ĸУлԪʱյɽյɵνɽںϣ˿Թ࣬İ磬ӵһɵ֮һԵ硣
Ҷ̾ΪֹΪɵ磬Ե֣
ܣһʱھģҺԶ˵ѹȲʲôɵֲܿȻڴ粽У޷ǵȫˣָ֮󣬾ܿʼĴ
ʱҶȾȻ޷ɵѹȣҶȶָͷġ
ѹȣҲ޷׻·ݳޣ
Ԫ߶򣬿ʼͷںɵʼƱе˫֣ϱںϣȻ̫¯

̫¯ʼȼա
ȻˣԪȻ̲Ϊ޵Ĵڡ
ǺǣȻϣӵʮٵɵԵȻ޷ȫգȴǿߣ׶ˣ
ҶָֻĪЦݡ


1103 һֻ׳
飬ҶֻͨԪˣǴܵѹȣƯڸ߿޷ģ
顢Ҳ˴󲿷֣״̬˳̶ȣûм̵ԪҶҪָҪѡ
ѹ᲻ѹ֮
ڣҲᱻѹȵ޷⶯
˻˻˫ϱںϴںϵٶȣǺܿ죬ںϵ
ޣ
Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬¶Σյδ֪֮УҶٻޡ
ء
̾ʹ˳
ƬռһЩ
ܵѹʵھˣûָ̫ˣȻڱУָٶԺܾˣҶ˵̫
ްСβͣҶڵϿգΧһƵմ󲿷
ѹȲη壡
ҶȼѵδָһģʹҺȫ

ڵ̫¯ֿʼȼһЩʬͬˮӿҶȵڣʼ飬ļ⣬Ҳ໥
ĸо
ٶȻָ˾ˣ޵ĹͣҲֻޣһƿҶΧ󲿷ʣµҶѹȾʣ޼ҶڵĻָ
֮ǰޣı磬Ѿѱ˵Ť֮УҲûбҪޣ޻Ҷȼѹ
һãµԽҶȣ
ָٶȻܾˣŤ֮Ҷһδε飬˺ݣ̫Ϊǲ뵤ܵƻʧ٣ΨһûܵӰģԪ
ΪػҶȵԪ
ˣҶһ֮Уδйľڳͷ֮磬αǬˣҲûأȫ£˵óס
ʱһʧ
γԼȥ꣬ʦǧʱ䣬ǲõʱ䣬ֻǲ֪⴦磬кδ֪Σյң
һʱ䣬ܳԣõ˭֪ʲô
龻֣
ת˷ʱ䣬ÿ϶龻֣Ҫ磬ѰСǧϢ
ˣ
龻ָոֳҵһͬʱϢӿҶȵԺ
𡭡ڸӦδˣ
ҶȼѣһδεʧҶҲδжϣҶȿϣӦķ
Ż龻ֵĸӦǰϤɽ󷽵գСǧϢʮǿҡ
̫ˣڸӦϢҶ鲻Խ̾
磬СǧȻͷŸӦҲӸյϢУоĴڣ磬ûܵѹȣûб˷ӡ
ȻСǧ΢صҶԺ
˵ֻҪҵСǧı𣬾ͿԶȡ
˳ȻðҶ֮ǰز˼Σ˿̣û뵽Լõģ˽ӽ
˳ˣЩţһֱģͻȻͳ֣׵õˣûжļ顣
ˣ°ʹͷ밽ͷ˵ϢҲ龻ӦҡƵϢҲƬ磡
һ̣ҶϣȵõСǧϢоȵı顣
ʧǿߣȻ磬ңƵıһֱδ뿪ϻԪٴ˵Ҷͷһ˿ļɵ
ôǿߣȻ磡

ܲܳȥҶͻȻ뵽һ޴Ӱӣɴۣ磬ɴʱգôɴ۵ܽ뿪һ뿪İ취
ҶȲж˼ĴǧͼǵܲܳȥϾЩǿߣУֻɴһ뿪˼ȥԽԽ˼άҡ
ಡ
ȻҶΧȻ
Ҷվһ裬ٴλָңģҲΪգ˫֣ӣڻָһʮʬһָҺռٶ𳬼ʬ壬Ť֮Уʮô࣬ʣߣӦÿؿռ䣬ݺȥ
򣡡
ҶȿʼܣܵҪ̫⣬磬ҶѾûжҪԼͨ
ؼǣʹͨǴ粽У
ҶȻ̫һϾ̫һ̫𺧣һǿգųзʮٵ̫ϵģҲ֪ĳ
ಣ
һںϲ̫ɣγɼ̵ķڿɵ
꣡
ɣҶȵһ£߶ΧռȻܼѹͬʱѹȼᣬҶ̾ͷӶ
Ȼھͷ޷е磬Ҷȴ˵ˣٶȻǺܾˣշУҶֻǳһ£̾ͲУ쳣
˻֮УſҶȵļͷû˯ţǺȤİСβ֪ͣʲôȤʳ
Ҳ磬ˡ
ԭˣʶҪܵѹȣҪҶһڿռУͳ࣬ɴ߶飬֪ж޷ԤϵΣա
ʡ
Ҷ棬ΧֲЩɽܳģϵʣϢɵϢֻǳʮָӶϢѡ
ʯɵϢҶȾǣȻкǿԣʡֲϣûеԱʯմȾôԡ
ﶼɵϢ
ⲻҶȾӵĹ졢֣
֨֨
ҰһЩʱҶСӦΧϢʱʱ̶̿ڴ߶ΧıռѹҲ޷һ
·һҰٲʱȻһֻ׳棬֨֨ط棬ƺеĻ٣

磬ֲ壡
Ϊ˸˽ϢģҶ־ͻͷһס׳棬һֻĴָСĺɫ׳棬аֻţ췢ϡ
ƺҲоҶȵϢģʮֺ̬صţ
ͣ
ҶȴʱͻȻ׳ҶƤǺݺݵҧ
ţ
ֻǸоһ£ûжۣʶҶȻǰѼ׳˦ڵϣԭΪ
ͻȻƿʼ飬Ŵ˺ѵʹҶһ׳ҧĵطʼڣһظãڵٶȣѾܲģʼֱ۷չ
Ҷȵļ⣬жôǿʲô綾˿ֲĸã
ֹס²һʱֶֻҪã
̫⣡
ɲǼ䣬𵤴߶һ̫⣬˲Ϣֱ֮ۡ
ͣ
̫Ӵ綾̫ͬ棬˲ͰѾ綾ɣٶȿþˣܿͰѸ֮ľ綾ˡ
Ȼ綾ûˣȻǸõġ
ССļ׳棬綾ίʵ£
Ҷ̴߶ӿƣòſʼٶȶҺҶȱȣͣʱ䣬ĲȬ
£ʶһֻ׳Ҷȸоòġ


1104 С
һֻ׳˵УڷҲ̶֥˶ѣصļ׳棬ȴҶжãǺεȵĲ˼顣
ƺ׳Ե磬Ҳԣԣںԣӵ˶޷
Σգ磡
ƸôǿʢָøɸɾҪʩչӡѪδ֪׳ܷ񶾺Ҷȡ
ҶȼסɽͽȥҪУͱʩչͨҶھ͵ԼǷˣһһӡ̽δ֪硣
һУҶȼ಻˼ʣɽδйġ
ƹɽҶǰһƬأɽԴ
ţ
̤Ƭ磬ȻּŹγɵһСƬУһŵʯ
ʯ
ԴҶȽδʯԼԭҶȾú֣תռ䣬Ŵɽ籦ʯ籩ʯ
ԱȾתҪǿʢʮȴûǰʯȻҪҶһƬɡ
ʯǳ޴󣬴ԼһɶתЩʯһԲΧߣʯ籩ЩʯǷѡ
ԪʱеʯȻԶŨܣǱеʯȴȫһеʯɽʯһЩʯƺֻͨʯʶѣɽе뷲磬Ȼԣ
ðȻǰУҶȵϸطʯ˼һŷֻԪʱյʯʯкܴĲࡣ
ԪʱյʯǱ֮ԭõǿ鱾ԪʯҲʮǧʯЩʯֻԶѡ
˵ʯ޷ԦҪֻԣӵԣ̤ѡ
أ
ҶԽԽʯעΧ޽ʱʯǰͼ澹Ȼ֣ϵɽģ
壬أ
ϵģһɲ˼ƺ޵ǿߣָʯ֮ϣؿӡд¡
ôǿʯϣָд֣ˣȥʯһÿ
¡ءֵʵҶȲĴڣ
ֻɴһҲɹȥôֻɴۡ߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ۡۡ໨ŴЩǿߣݺᡣ
һԱȣֱڵ硣
塭ԳΪ񣬿壿
ƺɶţǰ飬ƴսٶľ޴ʯܵĳ
ʯ콵ɽϼ¼УżȻҲг֣޽֮أʱǰ˶˺ɵ磬ʯͻٲȻ޴ʯӦҲˡ
תеЩʯ籩ôģ
ܿ˫ü֮ϣɻôʯʣôģʯ籩δ춯ص˶ֻ˵ôʯԻԪʱڲĳռ䣬ĳ硣
ʯ˵ҲǴǴ
ԽԽɻ⵽һ磿
ѵ壬ɴǰĴڣƬʱգǿߣǸС
һϵеӦԺ
Σաδ֪磬ϣɴ۶߶ȥҶһɵۣ꣬־˼ɣƽȥ
һϸءģͷŸӦ͸Увû̺ʲôͨƣֻصİ

ü죬ҶȲŻƽмΪؼǰɽȥҺûмӴ࣬Σա
ɽããأҶΧҲδʯκеֻɵӾ˵ѹڣ˵ԵѹȣֻڲɵطС
̤ɽһȥһڴ֮ϣɽǾϵ磬ʵΪˡ
𡭡
̤ɽҶȾ͸СҶһ·ɼһ·̷ڲЩԿɽٵҩһӣҶۺһ֣治ѡ
Լǿʯֻ¼׳棬ҶȾͷǳʩչҴ߶Ҫֿ磬ҲףĸؼҶʱ䲢ԣ
ЩǾúأ
ɼԼǧһЩϣҶҲֱɼĺۼĪѾǡ塱أ
Ҷȸո뵽ͻȻǰУһʹĽ
ҶʩչԪϢ˲ᲽȥŰʱ
ɽ֮ϣ·һȻһߣڽһֻ񣬶ڴϣȻһСӡ
СӣͨһҰ׹һ̿㣬СѾӣ첲мѪۡ
ƣ
СԦŴͷһӡڴ󱳣ǣȻſ죬ŲΧĺߣһ
¡
߱òƷ̫£̫Ӳβ͹شӰվ
žણ
βƳڴϣСͬʱɣײһÿôʼ۶ϣ
ǴʵȻ֮䣬СʵƺҲﵽ̶ֳȡȵȣС
ɽ밵ҶȣռһУӦΧϢȻǸŴ۶еСʱɫ˲䡣
Сɴ磬УֻУһСϡ
棬ĪǡǰСǸɴ۵С
ϾУҶҲ˺ü꣬δһˣƺûˣֵСɴ۵ľȻ뵽СݺܾܿǸǿصС
ļɵɻҶȼӦСϢϢȻԣֻк΢ԣһߣҶȸӦ׾͸ӦĽϢƺСûпϢ
νһҧʮ¾
Ҷھ״̬ɴ۶ԴһССɵۣܲĵ
еϢ˿ûп͸ԼְԵɸӦǿҲûС
ӦСϢżҪСΪҶȾԽòСϢڣû˺һʥζûڵϢ
ơֻڣ
ڡ
ҶȲɵ˫ۣͷŸϸĸӦͬ಻ϵ̣ں·УٴظӦҶȾ;ķ֣СڵϢҲûС
֣̫ˣΪѵп۷ִߵ
ʵͬҶȴ𶯡
ĪǣСͬҶһӵвʣȻҶһûдﵽۣжԿڳ۵ʵ

һʺţҶǰ
Ȼ֮ϣţ綷ݡѩðͷǿߣҲ۳ƹӡ鹫ӡʥԼħڹǵȾǿš
ǣҶ֣ҶΪĵĿ϶ָ
ܣƫƫԪʱյ磬ǰò˵СبѼľţ


1105 ı
ˣȴǳۣӵڵʵ
ⲻҶ𺳣ͬʱҲС޺棬һӣӵ֡
֮ӦòǸصСָ֣ôܳһ߶࣡
Ҫ˽壬ƬȥСǧڵĵطСӴĲУӲġ
֮µ磬ԴﵽĿΪҪ伫ʲô취һԣֻҪΥԭ򼴿ɡ
Ҷ·ȥԽһʯʹçݣһСս
ɶС棬ߣ
۶ϵ֮УСͻȻһԾֻƺܵˣſڵϣѹżɣһ
ŴߣСоֱðŭ
ٲȻһǿߣӦӵеǡ
˻˻
߲ذڶ壬СڵϣƬʯĦһѺۣɼжôǿ
ţﵽɶ೤˲˾߿ڡ
С棬ôʰ㣡
СƯգͬҶȣȫѹȣҲɵɵƯţһץӿһīɫӡ
ٿ
߿׼ᣬײеŴ죬Ѹײڶ֮ƹС
ž
˭֪չСȻ̩ɽ治ɫӶһɳİӣŴߺһңڴɫľʹͷƫ뷽򣬺ݺҧһ
Х
βͻȻذڣն
һУƺ类СһԾβɨ֮ǰ߸Ծ
ƺҲ֪СжβȻڰվͬС
ಡ
СʩչԾ·ڣоɽеٶȶΪơ
һСһֻײдߣеķϣʼ׷Ҹϣòգ
ȴᣬСΣʱٳ֡
ԼĲݴУҶݶѣ񣬶Сֶ߽ȴᡣ
ڼҶַܣСƬĿֲѹݺᣬǴƺҲһģɵͨУȥ磬ʵ̫졣
ʱһڵǿߣҪߣѣҪ߸̵
С棬Ƥǰɣ
Լ˰죬С۵ȴȻǿҴ߼֮ӿĺ̡

ͻȻͷŶȻͱǰСֲ߲٣ǶٿȻʹøոƺҪʩչͨСоͷƵģҡҡ׹
ٿ
ץסᣬСҧ
ಣ
һӰӰ֣ۿС֮ʱӰһȭӡŴɫͷһ࣬¡һݺݵ档

ӰֳҶȵģһȭȻôڰշڼܣȻϣһһƬӡ
𿪴ߣҶԵЩʵǿϧҶͳһȭҪôһӡ
ҶתССҲشҶ͸һ΢Цʣû°ɣ
СԵΪȻֻ峺Ŀ⣬һֱҶȣøɾʵ磬ģôһֱδ㣡
ѽⴳˣãСܵܣҽĵһ࣬ˣҽ԰㿴ƣ
˵Сˡ
С˵ʱȴֹһ˦īɫӲˣֻ¶֣ȷмѪۣ䣬γɼΪ۵ķ
ָҽţҲм˺ۣȻֻȡһɫң磬鵤ҩ鷳ȡ֮󣬱Ȭ
ã
ҶȵͷӦСѽʱҶȻ׼ȷץģȻ⿪ӣ׼кεȵ鵤ҩ

ոմ򿪽ҴڣʹһҶȾ޷Ӧ֮ʱ˲ͲסҶȣʱ֮УӿһɾҶѹֱ˫ȹ£¡һ
ϥӲڵ棬ơ
㡭Сܵܣ粻ǻˣΪΣ
˵ϵˣ
ҶʱŻֻƱ˵ԼȻһСӣȻȻķӣԼף
ߣߣһߣ
СͻȻһĮ䳰ߣ壬ܻǺǣ٣Ҿץ٣
仰ҶһĶϧڲиַӡƣһʵΪͷųҶ޷֡
ʱû취ҶֻСЦһСܵܣֻⴳƬ磬Ҳδй⣬֮ǰԸߣѵԴң
Сһ棺ҪΪǺӣ͵СŪƭҲһߣĺĶԴңΪǺˣץסɱң׷ںδǶһ֮ѣһĳ桢󣡡
ԭһСĳЩﵽµˣϷͯ
ҶȿĽ͵ﲻͬҲͬȻ಻ͬСܵܣҿɲˣ
ҲŲˣߣҾҪץס㣬ͷ㣬ΪǿūҪ
СⷬһӸеģȫһϵ˵ͷͷǵѪС
Сܣ
ͻȻһɭУ͸
磬ץסһߣǸշУֶεߣСһ̾֡
ʱҶȲһƳ͸Ӧһɿµϵط
⡭
ɫ˲䣬԰׺Ѫɫ˳¡
˵֮ǰ㱻סҶԵĶ֣ҲֻһСҶȻаնԸҲﲻɵСʵǲսʤ
ǣڷϢȫԽСһڵٶȣٵش
һУǣ
ǧߡ꣡
Ҷɽ꣬û뵽һϣ
ˮ
ͻȻת֣һ⣬һڱ
꣡
ʱˮķ£˲ˣϡﻩ£Ҷ̰ģͬʱתͳȥ
ýƻ࣬磬ˣŪˣ
СһҶߣ̫˼飬ԼǰһУżԭص̤˫ȣõ治ͣ𶯡
ಣ
С̾óīɫӣ˲һʧӰա
ţ
ȫ߶տռԦռ䣬շеҶȣٶ̫౼ܿ첻˶١
գ֮䣬ͼСԱ֮٣˲׷ǧסס
̬ѽ
û뵽ٶȡԦΪŵҶȣʱѣһչһӿϡ
̷
ʱ˿̣һӣƵʩչ̷
Ӳˣ
Сۿֻа֮࣡
꣡
̷ʼĴ粻һ̷磬ٶٿȻ硣
˲ͰС˦ʧȥ
⡭
Сɴˣԭһĵŭյģһӳ˱˪һֻܿҶȲԶȥһ
ҲСδġߡ
ţңȻˣͲ뿪
Ȼ֮䣬һӰ֪СԱߣС˵һ䣬˲Ϣǰһˡ


1106 ӱս
Ӱڸӵɵ£ͬɽշУӰٶȣŤ
ֻһӰҶ֮
ף
ƺʲôǿסˣ
߶̷Ĵ򣬷Ծ߿յҶȣһẹ̈ͬһֱ
ͷһƳֻһӰԽԽգ۾ʹСǧ׾룡
죡
ǣҶȵٶ̫ɽ磬ҶȵٶȣӰҪϼֹ
ֻǻӰ磬ռŵ֮㣬ھͷٶҲϻӰΪѹơ
ܲˣߣûˣҵϣ߹ҵȷЩ죬û뵽ɵ磬ţ
Ӱһ˿⣬˵ҲżϾ׷Ҷȣ׷֮Ҫ͸Ҷȵܡ
ҶһɵٴһƳֻӰԽʵһգۣӰ׺󷽣һꡣ
ͷǼ򵥵Ĵͷƺֱƽ곤Щֿһɫ£Щƾɣȧͻͬĵ棬ֳķâеЦݣȷһ֡
ռʱ˺֮㣬磬֪»᲻һɣҶȷЦһ
㵹һ죬ＴǿҲҪܵѹƣ㣬ֲڡڣڣͨбҪ㣬Ҳף
국ЦûȥӴҿ壬ֶһū
Ҫˣ
ҶһԼǿߵĸֱ֪䲻ȻʩչԪ׼ʱԹ
¡
ͻȻǰ·𱻾һɣﵽ׾룬޻Ƶģ˲̡
ͻȻǡҶڵĿռ䣬Ҷȷ·𱻽סٶܵƣѹѹ÷Ҫ飬̷Ҳ޷Ķ
Եƿ
޷ٶҶȣŤͷͼ꣬˫һƬռ䣬ȫܵĿƣ
Ȼ
ˣ߶ѣ޷У˵ҶȱѾ޷·
򣡡
ܾ־ܣ
Ҷ̴߶̫⣬޵ʼչֳӲ𵤣͸ȫ֮УȫǾ̫⣡
ߣ
ҪռĻ꣬Ȼüͷһ壬ռ֮еҶȣͷųԣǼΪʥԣȫͬԡ
ٿ
ռȻӿһʥϢʼ̣Ҷһͷ󺹣ʼΧʥϢ˼ѵĶ̷һȻ̫߶Χ
Ȼռ顣
飬Ҷȼѡٷ˳ȥ
䣡
ƺҲû뵽ҶȾȻܷƿأҿԶԸѹżеһץ
պҶз򣬵ӳռɲǣռ侹Ȼ͵رըһгΪը⻷һ޴̻ڸ߿ͷųĿĻ档
գ
չͷ
ʱͷ·ҶȻɳǻǱը֮ڸ߿ɣڷ֮ʱͼ꣬ӻ֮У׷϶
ңֶҶڵĿռ䣬ʩչһӡ˫һϣ
Ҫ֪Ҷȴʱűըƣεطڡ
ৣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȷٶȻоռĦΪռˣѹȼеʣƿƬռ֮С
з򣡣
˼ߵڰգҶȵʩչз򣬶еͨӡ̫⡣
ֻʥĹâҶΧγһʥУдڲʼ飬пʼ죬ҶԦзռ䡣
ǻ꣬ò񣬶ҶڵĿռ䣬պݺݵһץϴ΢Ц̫ˣ
¡
ȷ
ҶȼԦз֮Уƿؿռʱռ˲ըҶڵз򣬴Լʼ˲ſռ䱬ըը
ۿҶ˾ʹڱը֮У
зһһ类ըɣҶӶзȻпռƿǲл
Һã˿ֲĴըȻзУûһЩΪзڶԿռҶȣ̫ԼҶŴը
ಣ
ըзҶҲը֮ըɳըԵһȻѷ졣
ۡ
ڸ߿εУһѪΪǱ
ӹƿأأ
âĴ͸
̵ҶһɵסΣȻӴըзĻ꣺̫֮ԵˣҪɽ磬ҵǿԴ
ӡʱֻ磬ȥԶ޷˦
˲ϢͷͬƲԺҶȰȻŴʼʩչзףֻʱ룬ȥ洢Ҳбһյһ졣
һƿأ뱻鷳ˣ
ҪߣߣٵߣץΪūҶֲɴۣɴ֮һӳȥ
ؼӣ
˷޿ӳȥ;¿ɺã׽£Ҷ˷ѹ治ζ
ಡ
ɲǼ䣬Ƭռ䣬һεıƿأը棬ͳͳػѹѹҶ岻ɵò
ৡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷʩչзһռ䣬֮ʱһ⣬ƽҶȴ
һץһģ˲Ҷת⣬һȭɨƽ飡
꣡
¡
һ׹⣬ȭͷӭȥײĥֱӰҶƿ÷һҪ顣
Һķһһأ군ˣҶõܣʱ̿á
ꡭ
һΣҶȱƶǿƿؿռĦȻзֵסǴײȴ֮ͨС
ʱһĶҪѿʹһѪǷӡھѪ֮Ѫ
ɲǼ䣬ͱҶڡ
ǻ꣬͸ҶӵѪҶȸûϣ뿪ҿ壬ܾһ֡
ʯ֣ڣ˵пڵĴڣֻ꣬һ֣Ǿͷ
Ҷ֪Լܣ춯أǱǿ߷֣·һǱǸֲСץʱ񣬶һܱסҶȵԪ˭֪СǺεȵĴڡ
ˣ죬Ҷʵ
ܶУõ˴ıϧ̰õ
ҶȸոѪͻȻһӰԱգһֻ֡
֣ͬһɽ·Ҷȼʶɽħڵľѧ֣ɽһպɱĳȻ
ͬͬܡ
ֺεȵľɽۻħڵһۣƿɽħڣĵ𺳣ҶȿԽܡ
ǰֻ֣ȴһ꣬ڡڶǵĸ֣ҶȾ̫ġ
֣ǻ걾Ȼ֮ͨУ֤޷͵Ĺ֮


1107 ԽսԽ
𺳣ɽǿߣҶȻǿܣ
ǣ
һΪƺͨ꣬Ҷνܣ
еս⣬ȼգڷŭ
ڱȫ
侲һֱڳҶȣѹţҪ侲ǿӲܱң
ԣҪߣսȥ
ҶĿȻɷŭս⣬䣡
ƣ
Ѿѹߣܣܵѹȣֻֻ֣ܳսһʽ
ڴѹ֮ʱҶָ߸ߵĳ׹⣬̺಻ͬϡ
¡
ȻСܵ˼ѹƣҶһȭƽ飬ס˴ֹ֣ͬʱڸ߿ձը
ֻǱը֮ٴܵײ
ڡ
ɵۡ
ڸ߿еĻ꣬ٿȻֳջ֣ϣ֮ǰδйľɵ۶֡
·ҶȣȻܵը֮Ӱ죬ڴͬʱҲѿڶĸ֡
֣ͬʱӸղŹ֮УԷΪ
ڣôʵʵѳԽ۷壬ڲ࡭ţ
űըȥҶȽָɣƽеĸ߶ȣһδꡣ
ΪǺܾˣ֮ǰǸСͿԿڴӴֱըУҶڼΪϢڶѣôܴﵽڣ
ڷӡ֮أѩڣҲӵ۷ӽڣԲڵǿ⡣
꣬ڣչֵѾԽ𣬴ﵽڵĸ߶ȣԦƬȻ
һڣ
ҶΪﵽɵ۾Žף̶ȣֻܿԲﵽԲָ֣һ࣬ǿߣҶȴ򲻹ҲжǱ
꣬ȴÿһ߶ȣҶԿ⡣
ҳԾ
Ҳ˹ضҶȣ´ӣɵۡҿʷϣһм¼ܻŽٵɵۣ
𣿡е˶԰ҶӦ
ģڡڣмڣ㡭Ψһһɵۣʲô
ͻȻʣԵʮͻأ
ҽʲô
ȻҶһ㵣ôͻȻԼ֣ҶȻ̹Ȼش𣬱ϾһĶ֣Ҷȣأ֪ҵʲô
Ҷȱ԰ЦݣҽԽأڱУһУѵõĸ֣Ҷȣ֮Ҫʲô֣Ϊʸ֪㣬Ȼ󡭡һץס㣬ΪūԶУΪͨūþû˽֣Ҳû֣
ΪܵѹȣܵѹȣԽأڣ޵УҶȺܲͬݿԺС
ҹµģ
ٿȻԽصϣڵϢȻ˫һϣ
ͻͻͻ
׶ҶȣڵĿռ䣬ʱƿ֮ǰ㻺аۣѹѹÿռ俪ʼĦ
䣡
Ҷ̷ڷ£ʼҵ𶯣
ꡭ
һָУͬʱܵѹȵҶȣݺݵ
ƣ
˫ץסһȫƽգȻץһ׹⣬ԻΪָС
һ

նָϣ֮ڿռҶû뵽ָ赲ָ޷١
ಡ
һδƽһ
Ȼ˷һָУÿһһɣպʮ˫ִӿռ䲦ܵѹƵҶȣջ
Ҷһ棬ܵԽظӿֲĿռж̫ѣҪԽعڿռ䣬һδεĹҶȿ಻ԡ
ɲָ
ʮָ٣ԽسһХ
ৣ
Խ˫ֿʼ趯
ʮָУҲ㼱٣Ҷȹ
ɲָƿ֮ɶ񣡡
Ҷ̸ı䷨ӡһ׹⻯Ϊ׹֮ΧɱʮָУһδεع
䣡
ʮָУزҶȣʼͣعǺֱɱֻɱֱֻӴӸ߿ѹ
ҶΧûһ׹֮պγɷһʱԽؿ⣡
߳߳
ԭ׹Ľռ䣬ͻȻһ׹⣬Ҳ΢΢
ţһҷֳÿһ׹գֳһ˺ѣѿռ䶼˺ѣ¶ںĿ
ֻܡ
׹˺ѣҶȺȻ뵽תԪʱֵȻһƵʱ˵ߴԼڲ뿪
Ƭʱգת磬γĵߵ磬˺ѣ̺ǿ԰磬ǻԪʱĳռ䣿
ҵĶ֣ľ磬Ϊ̫˵ռʱ˺֮㣬ɣ㷭ˣ˵㣬ڣҲʵʵ
Խ˵ˣƺҶڽռڣΪѽз㿪ʼչƣҶȳ
Ҫ뿪Ƭռ䣬˺ѿռ䡭ͱƿԽصĽ
ʱҶȵüͷţΧƣȥ̫иоԽһһе˵ʲôѹƵĿֶΡ
ˣ
ʥǹ
ڣһʥ⣬֮У
ǲͬԣԽͻȻһ
ܷ
ţҶһץ洢ڵļܣӿ˫ͫᶨĹâ鷨򣡣
¡
ΧĿռ䣬ʼ飬Ҷ׹˺ѿռ䣬ѵرܣһȻ֪׹˺ѿռ䣬ͨδֻҪϣ뿪ռ䣬ʱл
ƴۣӳƬռ䣡
䣡
֮̿ռ䡣
Խƺ֪Ҷƿأ˲Ӷ˫֣ʮָչһĹ̬ҶΧʼҹ
׹֮ڱùԺǿָϡ
Һã׹֮𣬻ΪǿֵסָеĹ
ռ֮УҶͷ󺹣׹֮飬ΪΣƽȻϧΪֻܷӳǿԿ۷֮
һЩ͸ڵĶ֣
֮УΧܣֳ̺̫ͨ⣬ԼԣֳԽܶࡣ
¡
ڣҶȼپ֮ʱĴԼ̫ʱָеײȣ֮УһڵɳƬƿؿռ䣡
ٿ
ոշɳֻԽͻȻҶǰһĳģӿһɶĿ۵⡣
ٿ
Ҷ֮У̫ɹʥǹ׼ãҶҪʱ̣ɲǼȥ
¡
ʥǹ⣬޼᲻ݵƣ봩⣬ײһֻɲǣʥǹʹ̴⡣
˲飬ϵԽأȥ֮ʮֲֿ
ܡ
Խûлţֻһ𺳡㵡
ȫû뵽Ҷȿ棬ס
ߣԽأΪߣʵȻǿǱȲԦȻı£ʥǹ£
Ҷתͳ׹˺ѿռ䱼ȥ
䣡
֮⣬Ҫ쵽ԽʱͻȻΧȻռ䣬ռ֮תպĥ
㾹˺֮УֱҲ㿴ϣ
Ȼ֮䣬Խ˫üһ壬˼һͬףҶ׷ȥ


1108 Σ
ң羳
ת˲֮ʣ
Խ׷ҶȺ󷽣ֻһӷӡ仯ĪͷųҶȾǰ˺ѿռԽԽԽطӡҶڸ߿֮Ȼֹ
Ҳ޷֣
ɿռѹơ
ɳΧռǷ磡
ɳ綯ֹɳͣ
ҶڵĿռ䣬ԭڼٷɳ֮У·ǿֲ籩磬žѹٶҶȾӷ籩뺣֮С
ɳڷ籩УɵǽˮУֻԶУˮ̡
˿ҶȾʹ̿ռУ֮ǰռҪֲһѹҶѾ޷ߣֻǿӡ
̷Ҳ޷Ķ
з򡭡
һ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬еͨͳͳΪ̫⣡
֮УʥҶܵռѹȫ֮ʣŷ֮ʼɵ֮ϣҪܵɵѹȣȴԶᱻѹơ
̵Ŀռ䣬ʼ飬һУҶͷʥʥ⣬мĶ̷˺ѿռȥ
˺ѿռƺҪʧѺˣ
ʣʱ䣬ˣҶͷ˲һ
ոһ̫һж̫⣬һëʥġ
͸ŲɢڰĹâ

Ȼ澳֮УǾΥں̫ĸо·ȫӯޱȣΧɵͳͳڳΨʥ㣬һӵŵĲǺˮ̫⡣
Ҷȵ࣬ô˵Ѳϲɵ۾ŽװΣҪȫԸ
Զ󷽣Խֻռ֮УһǺӣӰʥУϵ죬ۺ𺳣һҲ֮ǰǸ߸ϵģʱҲһˮ
ֻƺȻڵ֮ȼǰе˫֮䣬һصҶڵĿռۣ
ٴ飡
Ƭ̣ռȻ۶Ҷȸͬܣ·ҪѣͬʱһƳ󷽣ɿռļԦһͷųġ
ֲãԭԽشڣӵʵԦռһж
ͨӦҶѾףԽеûԽͬһʵ߶ȡ
ʱԽȫԽ
䣡
ԽӵصҶӵ޵̫⣬ȻҶΪ̫̫ͣĹâȻáĿ
ΧƵĿռ䣬ֿʼһδε飡
ʥ⣬ͬϴӺڰǣе̫⣬аħĺڰжҪϴӣںϡ
Ϊ̣
ҶȾͱݺƣ߸ͽȻΧѹȻûиı䣬쳣֮٣ȴµġ
úãѲǾͱҡնɱ
Ҷһ˺ѿռ䣬ԽΧͷԦռҪֹҶȣҶչֳٶ澳֮Уȼյģòı뷨
նɱҶȣ
ٿ
ͻȻ캧˰ƣԽ˫ֺһֻ֮Уӿһ֮˲ΧȻռ䣬еɵԡ
ԣԣ
ȻͬҶһԣ
Ҫ֪ɵ磬κˣҲ޷ԣо󣬶Ǿ֮
ã
ʱռۣ
ҶȻͷһƳǷȻĽǱʶʹ߶ıÿռʧҶĶ̷Ҫ˺ѿռ䡣
ٿ
Ƭ磬·ֻнͬգҶֱռ
ƽ飡
ۿǧ׾ͽ˺ѿռ䣬ϧѾͬȻѹȶҶͣڸ߿գΧһɽɫֱơ
ƽʱ֮У
꣡
ҶȺݺݰڶұۣȫǽɫֱƣסƽ飬һ۵׹⣬Ľһײ
¡

ɶ˫ʩչߵĿֲڸ߿ײһһʱը˿ռ䣬ը֮ҶԽͬʱһ𣬶ɫɷס
ˡˣ
ҪѪҲãҪѵΪҶȼԽûһӰ죬ƺԱӿֲԼѾ߶ˣѾ˱Ե
ǲ߶ʮһ߶̷е˺ѿռȥ
ôܣô˿ֲһΣֻ߶ӡ֮һҪȫ߶նɱӣ
Խط˫ְס
ڡ
ֻ˲ϢҶȾѾ˺ѿռ䣬˺ѣ˿ֲĵط˺ѿռ䣬Ҷȶ޷ڶҪǽУû·
ǣûѡԸȥһãϣ
󷽸߿գԽؼ١ŭ׷
˫֣ȼһ֮ʱͻȻһԱߣһλƮ쿴ģӰ
סԽؼͷضҪȫ߶ӡǣܲȶ÷ܵӰ죬˾Ȼ߶ѹְɣ
ǣ
ԽؼӰ̹ӦͫȻŲʵŭ
־ãͷ٣
·ʲôӺ󷽶ţҶһӱɫҲԥ߶ķֳһĹ̬ڷ£һɳһ߿Ŀռѷ졣
ಣ
žȥ
ȥ
󷽣ԽߵӰƺδҶȷ˫֣ͫһΧȻռͻأرգȻΪһʵʵ֮
Ӱ߳һȣɽֱŲưٶȣռ˺ѵҶȣٿȻȥٶȿûӰ

Ҷû˺ѿպУ˺֮еĺɫպ磬пֲĺҶȾϺС
ɲǼ䣬ֲ˺ѹͬʱҶȹΧ𶯣ֱ֮Ӵڣһδε顢඼ѣҲ飬оͬ𵤶Ҫˡ
յ
ҶȿΧں˺ѿպ磬ΧڵգȻƺϾҪ顣
һ飬ҶȵҪٿպ˺ѹ
ٿٿٿ
Ҷû˺ѿպУۿ˺ѾҪ赡ʧ֪ʧ֮ǰһ֮ͬǴ۶һеơ

˺ѿպۣǲĴڣ
ҪأͷޣҲû˿ԸӦպ۾գվȻȻǺ嫵ģ
ˣ
֮ѾҶȵķ
꣡
˺ѿպ۵û֮飬˺ѣ֮ôļ̣֮ʣһҶԱߣǸߴû
ֻһҶǰֱ֮ϣ΢΢һѣ顣
෴һ㶯ûУȻΪҶȵڡ
ҺáȻ޵
ҶȾһҲѣһûƬ̣ͷֿպΧֻԪʱո磬պ۾ȻǷЩһĻʱգһ޴зȥ
ǱôУҶˡ
ʩչСǧ
ʱΣջδȹҶһڻԪʱոʱ֮УʩչСǧ϶ᱻǸѹСǧСӦ
ˡԴ


1109 ޾
ԴɽıԴһںϣƿɵȻԴ֮
һںϾԴҶȾͿӵƿɵȻȻ̷Χһʱձ⡣

ۿҶ׼߶Դ˺ѿպѳȥΧһʱ֮ʱ
ȻǿҪʧΪһ϶˺ڴȻһֻ֣˺֮УڣҪ˺ѿպ˺ɱպۿռ䣬ץסҶȡ
֮ͷ֮ǿߣȻӦ
ԣ
ŭˣ
һһɵ۾ŽףȴУԽڡڡڣݺᣬң˿µ
Ƕô˼һˡ
Ȼ֮ͨһн֣Խأ֪һҪץסҶȣ϶ܻȡ޷뱦ء
ͷ
ֻռ䣬һֻҲǿҪ˺պѷ죬һĻҶ˫ֵˣΪԲ۷壬ڵĴڣֶԸȻɵ
أȻǸֲĵطǿߣɴۣڴˣҲڿԽˡ
Դ
˺ѷ죬ɱҶȽ޴ӣ̴߶׷ɻʵõĵڶݾԴ
ꡭ
ȻϿգ顢ǿĦ
̧ͷһʱϲüңԭ˫֣Ȼ˺Ķ֣Լ⼸˫֣Ȼر˺Ѻжϣֵֻգ˲仯ΪӰʧȥ
˺ѺۼҲ˲ʧһµĸӽ磡
ҶԺȻµľͷµǿߡȻ赲
ǣ
һ£ͻȻȫһܣȻڿպ˺УϿպۿռѹȡơ
Ҷȸٴᣬȴֻܵɴ۾
¡
żƳ֣ʱһ鱦ʯȻ飬ΪƬҶȵسڿպ˺ѹ֮С
Ҫ֪ЩȻڣҲ
ͣ
͡
˺޴ڣŷ飬ʱѹҶȡ
һʱ䣬ҶȾаһ˺иÿиһΣѪͱиһƴѪ⣬Ȼп
Ϊ
ʱ˿̣ҶȾһѪ֮УѪݵѪȫǴڱģÿһ˺иĴﵽ˵ϰٴΣԼ֮󣬾ͲѪ
ʹ֪࣬
Ҷ˫ȭ߬ʹʲôڳͷ֮ѾˣҪʱںϾԴѾо˺֮пƤ뼡⣬ʼи֮ϣкۡ
ޡޡ޵ǿ̶ȣԽ࣡
ҶȵȴǸ⣬ҲδҶȵ̶̳Ȳκεľ޴ʵԽκεͬˣɵ۾Žףﵽ۷ڵĳ̶ȣʱҶΪǲ÷˺Ҳδ˵Ҷһ¡
ƤвͷҲ˲һ
ֻûҶȻһСɵۣ
ৣ
˿̣Ҷȵĵһصʼ
ͷǳ⣬ǿ󣬵ʮֵ䣬ұ֮ʱҶȾѾоɵȻƵϢ
Ҷȴ׷ɻʣõĵڶݾԴʼ߶ˣ
һݾԴҶȵȥħȴ½ִ׷ɱͽߣǿ߷̫
ڶݣһݾԴҪһЩѡںϵڶݾԴԴȵۻǸǿľ磬ʹõģû뵽ѰСǧ𣬻˾֮С
ֻСǧԴ԰Ҷ뿪ſֲ˺ѿռ䣡
Сǧʹõģղǿ߻δﵽ޵еز˺Ȼ⣬ǱǸС֣ɱȡСǧ
ΨһõģֻоԴɽصޱȣ˴ʱҲòʹá
׵硭ԴɽľȻǸҪںϹȻ򵥣ֲ׷ɻǿߣҲֻܰѾԴӡ޷ںϡ
žԴӵ𵤡ࡢԼȫʱҶоԼ·ҪΪɽһ
ָоͬϸ󺣰о
عںϣ·ɽٻ
ٶ̫ҶΧѪݣʣΪɫѪ˺и·һѪҪˡ
ѪδԣܿպѹȣǿڣΪѪӡڽ𵤣ֻҪѪڣָҲЩ
ѪѪ죬лƯҶȵѪ⣬һһ飬һС飬ֻǰƴСѪݲӣѪҲպ·Ǿ޴Уٵա
ЩɶҶ꣬
˰׻ʧ·ڵ࣬ÿһΣÿһѪ⣬κηҪ
顢ڲҲ޷ֿ˺ѹΪںϾԴȡʱ䣬Ҷֻܰģе뵤
ÿʱÿ̶شҶȫ߶աںϾԴԴ̫һںϣ֪Ϊ̫һܼܲӿվԴ
أ
ͻȻˣ
֪ǿպ۵ǸܵҶȵڲʧ֮Сβһڣ
ˣޡһ·֮գҶôǣ߻иɹ
أ
޷ŭˣȷӦҶȵϢʧ
ͻȻС쳯·һǾ޴ɵУƺȥҶȾѪѪУһ̵
ǣҲӦССģ޷ɽ
ٿ
ܶԸ޴У̷ҶȣǰʮԶλãû۾ȴܰʲô
ֻ˺ѵʼޣϣֻʣµİ˿˲ݻҶȼ̷Ĩɱڵ˺ȻȻ޷ɶӰ졣
ɽѹӶû˿ã
СβٴһڣҺɫϢֱɿռ˺ȵ

ȻвڵĿպ˺һԣһͨϡﻩȫСӣȻûб仯
޻Щǣǿ
Ҷ֪޷ӦޣҶȿԸӦϢ֮ǰ࣬ǰδֹģɵȻ˺ڣҲһӰ졣
ǲһУҪҶȣʧ
Ȼ޵ϢҶΧ״Ŀպۿռ䣬˺ѹʼҲѪ
޵ɻδƺ֪·Ǿ޴еʼԼصʼԿӲҶȲ½
̫ˡ޳е̫á򣡡
ಣ
ڿжɫ԰ףҶȻվ˫һ֣ʮ߳ʬ壬ƯΧ
ʼ߶ȫ̫⣬̫⣬ʮ߳ʬ壬ѪѪ⿪ʼߡ
Ҷֱſ죬ͬѳʳֱ


1110 Դ
ʱڼѪⶼɿݣûѪΪʬ״̬ʱ
·ƾٲ콵塣
һʱ䣬ҶȵΧȼ˵档
ⲻȼս𵤣ھȼԪ
ٽ٣ĦĦγɵƣҶȳ޷

ҶѪڡѪСѴ˿ڣʼ΢΢
꣡
Լʮκ֮ʮ߳۵ʬ壬ȻΪ˸ʬȻ󱻿պѹѹ˲飬Ϊ
𵤣Ԫһ
ڼٵõ䣬Ҷһϴ߶𵤣𵤿ʼתɢľԴд󲿷δںϣʱŲתͷų̫һ׷ӿ
վԴͷųǳĹתٶԽԽ죬䶼
ͬʱҶȿʼ˫һϣһɹɴǳ̫һ׷׵شðȻҶͫ롣
˲ѭһһ죬ںϾԴ̫һʼȡеȫӿÿһϸ

ԴҶ𽥻ָ󣬱̫һٵգ᳤ڣֻ޷ٸܣոںϾԴһɵȻ϶Ϊһĸо
˿̲ںϣҶȷ־ԴڣϢȻ޷ƿأͬˮһ㣬ʧˡ
ΪξԴ˿Եõȴ޷ںϡ
ΪԴ޷ںϣδﵽеľ磬δӵϢԦ˾ԴԴ壬յ֮Щ޷յȻȻ뿪
Ȼ֮У·ҪȥգѰԴںϡ
ҶҲ޷ס󲿷ֵ̫һ˽ʮһҪǣ֮У˾ԴıԴϢȻֻǼһ֣ɱԴѿʩչɽںϣﵽԦɽȻռĵز

ԴҪں̫һ֮УѾ̺ԴҶȱ㿪ʼ߶̫һΧ˺ѿպ۲

˺ѿպ۶ôµĴڣȻɲ٣ǲҲҶȥģڣ̺Դ̫һ߶ʱΧ΢ʼ֮С
ȻҶȾ͸оɽ˺պѹڻʧһˮ׵ʯͷȻˮ棬оԡ
ʯͷˮ棬ܵѹȣȻԽԽ١
ҶȾָоҲѹڼ٣ҿԸɽٶȻܱ޷Ҫǿϰٱ
ޣߣ
ɲǼ䣬̺Դ̫һķ˲γɣҶ޴߶һԪ
ٿ
ƿգ˲Ҷȼͷƺñ࣬صͷ˯ˣûƽʱǿɰģ
䣡
ûƿΧպ۴󲿷ǵصȻѹҶڵĿռ䣬ӿײҶһδԿۿ޷סʱ̺֮ɽ籾ԴϢ˲ͷš
ңҶȻ߶þԴ˺ѹűԴͷţɽµ˺ѹ·ͬҶȵĴڡ
ѹ٣˺Ҳƿ
ÿ뿪ںϾԴܵѹȣ˺Ҳ÷ϳŰѹ
Ȼ˺ѹٽ֮һҶܵѹ빥Ҳһǿ߿⣬һ޷ĸ֡
ϾҶΪܰѾԴںϵֵزѾǲ˼ˣ
꣡
̷ٴͷųʼ¸̺ɵռųԲǺܾˣҶȫ߶£ͬ˱ٶȣһ𽥷ȥ
УĵҲһǰ㣬ҺþԴҶܵɽѹȣ̫࣬ȻҪиܡ
·Ǿ޴УڲϵҶڵ˺ѿպۿռ䣡
ˣҪͻǰ˺ѿռǰһƬ籩Ħ㡭
УҶȲڴӾ޴֮˺ѿպ۽ıԵǰһƬտռ䣬ǳշ籩
籩˺ֲͬȻ̬ҲһĦȻγһɿֲĦ㣡
ͷ۵ֽʱĶƣ
壡
Ҷ̴߶̫һ֮УȻʩչз򣬲ȫ߶̷˫֮䣬һӡһķϢϵӿ뷨ӡ

ӡ˲Ҷ˫һƣֲʱ㣬鷨ʱͬתĳ¸ֱǰĦ㡣
¡¡
Ħ㣬ΪͻȻֵзĦƣʼ𶯣ԭĦƣʼΪ鱬ը
ᣬõʱ
꣡
̷һģҶȾʵӥУ̷ɡ壬Ħһ档
ͣͣ
ĦȻϱݻ٣ȼգҶȱһɾڷɳһ籩֮С
籩գҶȾ͸о̫࣬û˺֮籩Ȼ˺ֱ֮һһء
߶ԴܵɵȻѹȣ̷ּ࣬ٴĴҶٶȾǿӯ񣬺ɷ籩磬ԽԽһƬʱս硣
ԴһԪصͨӾ춯ءҴӴˣɽգҶԲСǧ̷ҲУ޽֮ءҲסҵĲ
ԽԽʱգҶȼģвֹǳиޱ޼ʵ
ԴҶȵõʵɱ䣬֮Уӵɽ籾ԴϢֻҪɵ磬ҶȶԶԿκɽ
ԴͬԴͬһ޵˼
ʣµһݾԴһҪúϧΪԽǿںϲ壬ڱ
ҶϳּΪεɫʱս磬Ҷ̴߶ԴȻ̣ԴԪҶǿ˺һӣС
߳߳
ŽʱգʱͽһƬ׶ܲĻС
ףףƬʱգڻ׵硣

ֲܼףҶȴġɵЦˡ
Ϊһ̣ԻԪʱ֮ѹͳͳʧ׿ռ䣬ѹڴʱҶ˵ֱʹ
ڵһʱҵطָΪ
Ҷȵڲ̫һԴϢ׷ʧҶָֻͨơ
ΧҶȲżһƬ侲뵽Ǹ磬˵ĿֲŽȥͱȳСǧӰӶû
İ飡
̫ɸҶȴĴò׾һδգɽԪʱգֽСǧͬڵ磬Сǧһξ֮һ̫ңԶ
ǰȴԶߣҶˡ
壬ǿĿ壬ǸСδ㱻֪ϸĿ壬˳Ŀǰ״Ҫɵ۾磬õСǧɳ˵Σ
˼֮ҶȰ棬С
صĿ壬һصС
ֻɴǿߣð߶ȥ
ҶȲɵ۾Žף־ͷУõСǧ
Ȼܣһ˿ҲûУ
ѵôػֶ죬ȵӵɴ۰ʵȡСǧ
Ҷһʱѣвϵš


1111 ǿĻ
ֲǿ
Ǳ֣澳Уɳ
ҶȷֵڶҡΪٵѣ뵱ͷ֮磬࣡
޷սʤĶ֣
ͬһ㣬ǾͬСҶȣ
òСǧߡܾȥҲġ
˼糱ļ䷭ڣڳͷ֮羭澳Ǭ칬ִǿߣûкһ̶֪Ѩȴֱǰʧܣ˻뿪
һʧܣ
еڶλᡣ
ӵʧܵĽѵڶξҪӽȫ
ҪһΣԽǿߣӲӲںϾԴ磬аա
һͷӬŪ⸱³һٽȥһȫƻҺöڿԼһ˽⣬Ҫջ
ˣӦȥҹȣߴأȡԴߴӦöУǵأԴһָܻȡ˵ܽɵʮףΪﵽɵ۴Բ
¶ģٴν磬ȡСǧҶ̿ķҪҸطָƣúںϾԴǿʵ
ʲôطã
Ԫʱճ˻ҶȺȻ뵽ҹȣߴͳͳ磬ûһܰȻڲûᣬȥǵأȡ
뵽Ҷ̾óͼӦһ򣬾ʹ߶̷ǰٷȥ𽥽Ԫʱ
ԼĪ죬ҶȱɳԪʱգ޾գĶʹҶٶȿ籼ףݺᣬǲһ£ҶȾͼߴƿصĻҹȣκС
ߴֲͬǻĵ̣Χ칬ء̤֮ǰҪӦһȻĪаʬ壬ߴ°ʹͷ˵ȵ֪䣬һǻعҹȣǴݾߣֵЩǿߣ£
һƬ籩ҿռУԿ磬ҶѾûǰǰɵ𵱳ʱȻΪҲɵ۾ŽףںϾԴһĥΪѴﵽɵ۾ŽԲʱͻơ
һĥӽ˼
߶龻֣ջҹϿոֻֻҪϢҶͨԲѪУϻ龻֣ԸӦκεϢ

κ֮Ҷɫ龻ҲʧüҴһĨ㵣ôܣ칬°ʹͷԼڵǿߣһϢôڻУ
ǿߣȻܴ磬ѵ뿪
ͻأϢҶȰңҺûðȻߴأȡԴᱻ칬
ʮڸֻ֣˻뿪ôڻ̣Īڳﻮʲô
һͷ˼˼ά֮УȻԾҶԺ
Ȼ칬ˣҾȥߵ̣úһȥԻΪ׵ǿߣһҪʲô
Ҷ˫ȭһжСǧĿûǰôȣȻ֪ںδֻҪʵֶΣܶȡǼġ

ջҹȴŵͼ˲ڸӻ֮Уס綴˺ѡ𡢷籩ʱʱ̶̿ڽ٣̷һδĶһȻþͼһƯĻҺɫ½ء
˵ؾһλߣƿصĵ̣Ҳǻҹ½֮һ
ϢΪ˵õҽ𹬣˶߳ϧûһܻŻ
ҶСڰգ߶Ӧȷ̷֮½ؽ硣
ܿͼһЩɫֲȻ٣ҶȿóЩֲֲ񣬿߽磬д½ֳһȻ硣

һṦҶȾʹӷ籩Ʋ㽵ǰһɽϣżҶЦЦһͽһ
Ǳڣ
֮Уһǿ󷨣ѹڲصãͨҶһʹ󷨶ʱ֣һһȷӡš
ҺҶļʱ칬Ҳȡ
з򣡡
һǿߵ󷨣ôǿҶȳֱǿֶ֮һ˫ֶŷӡźݺһġ
Ϣ֮Уֳ״ӡŲ󷨣ʼܵзӰ죬룬ַγУһֱ
¡
ԼʮκҶ˫˲ϢһգӡźȻ顢Ҳ𶯣ҪŴ¡
Ҷȴ󲽽ܵʯԵıʯԼһЩʯװڱǴ䣬ЩвٵҩһЩ϶Ǻܾ˵ģȻ׷ɻʣȴҲһߣӵеı
߶ʮһͳͳѱ봢䣬һѵҩ͵ķӡ
չһգҶȸɴ½أڶ½Уһһ߱⡣
ҲһʣҶȾҹ½ǻ칬ƿص½ء
߶úúõģֻʱѡֱ½أҶģʱߴһͬȥԪʱգǴģԶҶ˵ȽϤ
칬ߣ˲̶ͬȵˣӦô΢
̤½֮ǰҶȱӦϢȴֻӦʧ̫࣬Ĵ֣ϢҲ΢ȫûǿߣеơ
뵱Ҷʱ綼ǻµĸӦһֻӣ޷ӹĸ֪
ڣ¶̫
Ԫ
ҶȿʼʩչԪһ˿ԴҲδãԪ޿ռ£Ҷ׵ش
ɹ½أҶϢϢγɷǻʱյϢӲױ˷֡
ǰ߹֮У
ӼΣһɽϿգʮһӲӵĹɽۣ֮Ϊ׳ۣΧиӦϢ빬֮С
Դ
һ㲻ѣѾҶȲҪżʱ빬ۿڸʲô
ֻܴ߶ԴԦҹеڷ֮УҶȵϢҹϢһģһ
ǾԴãɽ籾ԴκεҹҲɵһ֣ȻܵԴںϡ
Ȼˡ
ʱҶȲŸоڵǿƣֻҶȿǿʵ඼ھΣҶ˵ûжв

ڵĸػţҶƮ룬ֻоǻʱе޸֪
ոս룬һߡԹ޵ڴ
ǡ
ҶȽһ̣ĳв̫
ֻ칬°ʹͷ֣ȻĵӡݺݵһɸߵĿС
ӡ̫ǿ󣬶֮࣬ѹĴʵʵ
ŵ칬ʱһˮ
ڹ֮ǰһλˣװ֮Ļͫͷһӡ֮⡣
ƺڿƷӡ
ԭĴ߲
Ǳͳͳˣ
ڸ֣ʵǿò˼飡


1112 ʳ
һðգ˭֪ͷָ컻صı仯
ǧˣĵѰҾתѰҵ磬ֵʯ籩٣ڣָ
ڣ˳ΪڻңΪУЩĳۼ
ڣҹȵߣһ޴Ĵͷˣһ񣬻ǳΪʧߣΪ˶ѹ
㲻ú
֮У칬°ʹͷˣ֣ǿߣʱѹһƴ
Խһ֣ƣǿһ֡
֣ҲףΪֵҲһ֣ͬ
칬ݵ֮ϣŭ벻ʣƺкܶ£֮ǲضŻ
һЦ֣ߴߣֻϵ˶ѣô꣬ʵ£ǣֻΪ˾ҵתίȺתܣΪһпܣŹ㣿
ߣûǷݷб칬֮Թɱͫƣƺû뵽ᱻơ
ǳԹʺ£ǲ޵ڣжãпܴﵽڣԶûлᣬ£ṲԴ𣿻УڣҪ޷Ҫ֣֮УҾֻңڵĴڡ
վÿ˵һ֣Գİ֣Ҫлл㣬ǳְҲҪǿµңûдңҲӵһͷޡʬ壡
ޣ
ǰеҶȣĴֱʮ־㵣֣ϼⶼڶ
ޣ
һ˵
ɽ磬һɽ޽֮أоɽ޽֮أٵｵ٣õԳΪߣߴߣһЩɵ࣬ڻԵɺ֮£ҲΪΪӵԵ
ǿޣ
ͬʱӵɵΪͨвӵԣͨУӵԣֻӴܳΪޣ޵ǿ󣬿һЩͨ
ڵѪ⡢Ƕ̺ѪԵɽΪıκҲ޷ȣڵУԴҲ޷ȼ
ԴǿҲɵ
ԣɵ֮ϵ硣
棬˲յ㣬еľͷԾԴȷǾȴɵƣõеľԴôȥ磬ô
ľͷڵĴڣȻ칬°ʹͷ˵ֵõޣ֮Уõκʯﶼԡ
ǾͲٷϻˣǺúÿһܹ齵ңӴǸңԵõĺôҿ⣬Ȼǲܻ뿪
Ĵ֣ɱƣһ˦䣬һƫȥ
ޡǺǣû뵽ֱⲻҰװ׵õѪ˺ѿպ磬ʧ̫ľѪ޵ѪǶˣ
ҶȺ޲ϸƫ
Ӷʱ侲һתʼʩչײһ壬޵Աߡ
ಣ
Ҷ̷ɹĴ֣ڵ߿գʧƫڣ
ٿٿٿ
δڣһԹ⻷ʹƫڱ
һĻҶȼֱѪһõ޵Ѫھתʧܵˣָ
ˣܻһɱ䣬ѪŨҲӣ
ǧܰװ׷Źûᣡ
ʩչձԹ⻷ȻʩչԪطƫͼƫڣһƴ
֮Уһʬ壬ë˺ۣбʯѪӦûãѪдԵѪ⻹˸â
ûжôӴ󣬴Լһͷ
֮⣬дһͷԵͷ⺮ԣһ
ֻ߶΢΢תͷųһԣΪһֻ֣ڣѪǰѪһȻϴδеԵѪѪոץڴ֮жᡣ
ΪһԵı
ֲһˣԣΪߣȻһصѪѹ֮󣬻ΪصĺϢͨڣȻ޵Ѫǳ鷳Ѻܶ๦򣬵ǳ£վȫյڽӵԣΪԵߣ
̫󣬹Ȼʿ̫ࡣ
Ҷȵõ󴫳УԣõһͨܳΪߡ
գΪҶȵĳ֣һȫյ޵Ѫ̤Ҳǲܵ¡
Һôˣʵ֮ǰһ룬ҲڵʵǺǣһˣ޷Ը㣬õޣǡ
̫Ҷȿöˮ
лǿ֣ҪõޣҪ濹⣬취Եõޡ

ҶȻʩչԪƹӦڳ뼸޵Ѫһʵָֻһ֣ʱԸܡ
Դʱڴ߶򣬰ѼѪʱҶͻȻ֮УһԵĹâشӻǰգһɨ
ת˲һâֱڴ߶Ļȥ

ڵĳ֣ʵԶȴħǿֻȻ𾪣ȴͷһԣγһ
䣡
еâԴݿƣ÷ʼѺۣҲ΢΢һͬʱûɫ԰ס
¡¡
˲ϢͻȻһ֮Уһ֮
ޣ
ɱը˫ͬʱ䣬׹
ҶգŽͷзýƿʼ𶯡
ৡ
ôܣűҶȡһɣƵз򣬴һ

ͻȻ֮䣬ĵӰһֶ칬°ʹͷ֣Ǵŭ˲ɱ
ٺ٣ĺã
ոͷŵ鷨ݺһÿҪ飬ۿ޷Կʱ칬°ʹͷĴǿߣ׼ʱɱ
һжҶǰƺãƻס˵ķӡȻ˲װ׷Ź
ˮ
֮ʣҶȵѾʼӰ죬ҶҪõȫ޸ܡ
ȻҶͷһ⻯ӰŶҡз˲Ϣ֮УȻ޻Ӷһ⡣
ͣ
޾Ȼ֮һӰסһʬ壬Ž֮Ҷȣȫʩչз
ȥ
һΧסǿߣͬʱ֣ҶҪȡޣȻԭҪɳеĲӰʬ壬ͬʱͷų
ƣ
ҶһӣһâٿȻ֮ϣ
¡
˲䵲סɿֲӰܵӰ죬ʼ飬һ̣Ҷȴ߶ȫʩչз򣬰ĲӰʬ壬һͬġ


1113 ɵ۾Ž״Բ
ಡ
ҶȾȻɹڻУõ֮һޣ֣˲һǰһסҶȣ
칬°ʹͷˣȻס
ºÿٵֶΡ֮ǰһֵͬǿߣҶȣ´һ
ҶУҲڷӡ֮أǲʱ֮ڲļɵơ
ڣǰڸֶˣҶȻĿ⣬ҪǣڶԿͷ˿ηࡣ
Ҷȿֿ°ʹͷˡ칬Щǿߣĸͬʱʱǣʱ̣ҶȵȻһЦ¶ƣǰһηƣλӡҰ֣ѵҵõһ޲Ӧǵĵˣңǻһ˶ޣңֻԼõһְˣˣҳȣһرɣ
һЦɭɭȽϿԱǿЦֵ֮ǰǰϣһͬԸ㣬֮ìܣлѵ㡭ɵӣ𣿡
˵֮ѵõǺ޶Թ֮£ԼŰɣ
Ҷֻ²ؼ߸߹ģȻõ˺ôȥЩ£ʲôֿ
ٿ
Ĵ֣Ȼ䣡
ƺҶ仰ֳʵֶΣȷʲô
ƾȺ磬ԱãȻҵӶѣֻΣҲٵǹߣҪԶʧ
пƣͿվƣΨһˣƣΪʸ֮ģչһɱ¾Ҫ뼸˺Ƥ
꣡
˵֮ʣͻȻһƷϢʧְΧռ䣬ת˲Ͳ֪ȥ˺δ
øͨ
ؼסҶȵģǵĹӣĴ֮ĶԹ½б
ңԶĻʱգ
һӰȴ˳ڼǰʩչԪϾԴʧӰٵҶȣ
ûСǧҶʩչԴԪҲ֪κ֮ء
Ҷķ˿ܲ⣬ٷһӵ㣬ڻҹ֮УѰһ԰֮أϧջûѰطѣΪ֣ҶȾ뿪ҹȣȥԪʱΧһƬʱա
Ҫ磡
Լշа£ҶȾԻԪʱҷգһƬĻʱգҪǷ籩޴ڣ˺ѿռ䡣
򣡡
ڿҷ籩֮УԵ磬ƻδָҲδᣬΣշ籩УԵ̫硣
һ
γɰ״ռ䣬շƽĿռ䣬γȹ̷Ȼ߶̫⣬Χ
ޡȥָ̫ˣԸʯԣ磬ʯһƣʯУҲ𲻵ãǾ֣޽ȥò˶ԣӦþָܻ
̫¯ȼգΧȻӿҶ塣
ҶȲżһָ뵽ޣΪðգϧԿɵ˺ѿպȻκϾڸճҪԸɵһ̫ǿ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȸһǧʯͳͳط
ңһͷţ˼ʮ߳۵ʬ壬ͬʯOO@@ƯϿա
ޡ
Ҷ׼ʳ㸧Դ
ˣ
ܵӦ˲ƺŵʯʬջϢҶһθ£Сβһڣʱͷڼʮʬǰſ죬һϡﻩһ߾ʬ壬ɽСӡ
Ҷʩչôʬ壬ٶҪʮҶȻҪգֱɣָ
ţ޿ʼһſŵʯٶ̫࣬ڵ̬ʯѾǲ˼顣
һһ鲻żʯҶ˫һ֣һѪ޵Ĳʬ壡
ѪֻǰװΪѪĴûᣬ֮ڵѪŨӦûɣƣȻȻҲͻָﵽɵ۾Žױ״̬
ЦЦҶȲԼϢ⿪ӡڷӡѪɿʼͨѪںϣͬˮɿݵĵҶ棬ȼ档
⻹Ҷɽ磬һκޱͷѪǰھ֮УͷѪ߶ѪУɽУֻкټδ߶Ѫ
ΪҶȵıǿ߷ԼܣͷѪоͻ̫Ե޼˻Ϣ
֣пǿߣǬ칬ңԶգпֲӵĻıҶȾͷϢҲϤϢǿ߸Ӧ
Χֿ΢΢
ͣ
һʬԣҶ˲ͷƣΧʬ壬ʼһδεи
ΧһӡѾΧ
ŽиһѪ⣬ѪѪƯڷӡռ䣡
գ
˫˲䰴ڷӡ֮ϣģӿһɹ̫һ̫һʼշӡڣиѪѪ
ֻѪѪ⣬΢ԵϢ׷ӿҶȵģ
˿֮ڣѪȼգԱ̫һѪӿ뾭硢ϸѪ֮ʱҶΧ棬ȼյøʢ
ž
˲ϢٴҶڱ
һ޾˵Ѫһܵ˺ʼõѪںϣ
ͷţڵ⣬ѪĻâѪԣʼͷŸӶĿԹâһЩѪëӿΪˡ
ѪڲϾѸٻָ
֮У̺Ҷȸо뼡˵ϸҲʼָҶȴʱоԼƮƮģȫǳ׵ůϯԪļ
Ҳڵ֮Уϵת𵤹ָ糣Ҵ̫һ
ܣ
Ѫǰӡ֮Уϵиʬ壬ԽԽСԼֻСʱҶȾͲЩʼ
߶Թո뷨һӡᣬһܳǰһһ飬ӿ塣
Լʮ֮Ҷȱֹͣᣬ˿ܿʼӿסҶΧ໥ںϣճΪһ̲ߵܷ
ֻ̺Ҫ΢΢ش߶ͿԲյȵصá
ʬ壬ͲˣӡҲʧ޾һƤëûʣ£̫ͨһΪΪɾѪҶǿ֮С
ʱҶȣɫ໹δָȫ˺ۣҲˣһ£ƣҲȫȬ
ѪŨȹȻһҲһڵľѪԼʮ֮һѪ
֮ҶϾͳֳ޷εϲá
ΪޣܵˣȫȬѪһ֮࣬Ǳʵɱ䡣
ҶҲΪѾﵽɵ۾Ž۷塣
ʱʱ̣Խɵʮף
ҲֻҪһһθдһգô̤ɵǿľ磬ɵʮ״Բ
Ϊ֮Уһ硣
ɵ֮ϣǾǳԽ˴ڵĳۣ


1114 
ˮ޳ֹһ̤磬ܶ飬εõޣѪɱ䣬ʵҪ磬ʧܡ
ŷѪںϡϣҶȼġ
ٿ
޼ԵȫʯٶȱҪ̫࣬ļ̣ǳԽɵʵģ޲Ÿոճֵزǲ˼顣
ء
Եʮ߳ۡһǧʯ޹Ȼָ٣ֱ˿ɰģҶǰڰСβͣͶڼͷ˯ˣۣǵһװζѡ
Ϊ޻ָҶȿرôʬ壬ǧʯЩҶҪж٣ûˣȥãֻҪָܻʲôҪ
ʣµʬ壬ֻвپˡϣٽ磬ܵõСǧ𣬻ܻȡɵʮףصֶ죬ҪԴ
ҶȲûΪΪһȣͼٷԪʱգͨٶȣطɳƬ籩ʱգԪʱջȥ
һν磬ǶأûеõСǧ𣬻ЩץסԶУνѪĽѵ
һ˼ǰչ󣬾ϤޱߵĻԪʱա
μ٣Խеʯ㣬ٴνԪʱգ
תҪʮٴγ֣Ҫ磬ֻܽѰ֮УҵתĿռ䣡
ν磬Ҫٵ⣬̫࣬κܽת磬ͨ룬Ҳ֪ܲҵתռ䡣
⣬Ҷƺϵվڷ籩ʱУʩչײʮܣÿܽ벻ͬռ䣬ѰӰӡ
ҶԼҲգʼڸӵĻҿռ䣬ѰӰӣ
ԪʱȻ޳ȻʱؽٶףʵҶҲ޷ԿЩֲ
޷ԿѾںϾԴѪԪ̺˾Դӵɽ籾ԴϢڻԪʱգһ߶ԴܶȻԻ⣬⵹ڶ޷ͨ
һݾԴҶȴĲǸľ硢ΪǼԦɽڣҲ޷Ԧɽӵз˵ķΪȻ޷Կɵ

ȻӦ֮УƺǷ໥
Ҷͣʱղûκι֮ǴһͨҶ໥ӦҶҲͼһС
û뵽ʱգҽ𹬣˵ĲԶһգû֪Ƿڣ󣬻֪ж̤Ƭء
ҶʩչͨͨߣһһЦҶȼ߶ܣѰ
ٿ
ûɳãͻȻһƿԪӦ
Ҷһ󷽻ʱշȥٶȿ磬ʮʱ֮ҶȾͼһܣվһϤͷŵԵĸ߿УУͨ
ಡ
˴ʮʮܴ˷½ͳͳҶڣȻһʧƬʱա
գ۹пʼɢȥ
ৣ
У޴ת֮ΧǼתƺܰ˲ҶȷУķ籩һЩס
йתҶѾϰӦӦ֣һͨתСܶ࣬պֻһɶʵΣգҶͷžԴϢӦɵȻϢڼ
ףͻȻ͸ƺҪҶ飬ϧҶͷŵһɵϢոմԶ
ΪҲȻеԴȻıԴӵͬϢԼ˲Լˡ

籩ȻӭƺʲôסҶںڵĳһԭǹϵͨڳˡ
ಣ
߶˲ͷɳͨڹϵ½ͨϣͼΧвٵԱʯ˵ռ䣬δ˵
ҶȵЩԱʯûһȤֱշУѰҽתռڡ
ԼʱҶȾ磬ȻǾתڵ磬ʱҲܿȴбھĺۼкܶвٵʬ壬еĻδá
ء
Ҷȸո̤ʱգʱȥʱ޺Ȼ
ȥɡȥɣ
Ҷƺ֪ΪʲôѣͳЦЦ
̷ɳһ߾ʬǣδõģǰ׹ǣͳͳһЩԵıʯҲ
ײ
ͷҶǰһͬĹڣҶȿûʱһȥңǴ߶ײһܣһ֮УѰҾתڵͨ
̫ӣκ޷棬Ҷȵתռ䣬ԸӦϢϧϢɡ
ִֻʽѰҾתڣ
ҶҲһڣŰʱ󣬾ͨһʱգȻвٲʬʯޣһƺʯ뼸ʮ߳ʬ֮ʳ
ʯҲҪʬԱʯȫֱˣ
ʯ籩
ѰҰ죬ҶֽһƬʱʱͻȻͷһķ𽥵ؽ٣ָо̫Ϥ̧ͷһϿոϢ֮Уķۣдʯķ籩ֱӾ˺ѹ롣
ˣ
ʯ籩֮Ҷ̹ģһ٣ܻϴˣʯ籩֮С
Ҷʩչǿܷڵ漸ʯ֮У
ͻͻͻ
ɲǼ䣬籩ʼ׳ʯɣϯһʣ
ˣϴνȥ磬Ҳδʯڣʯ籩ΪкʯЩʯԺη
ʯһδײҺʵ֮ǰйĵãȻӦɳȴûв
ʯײڷ֮ϣ򱻷ɣʱʱҲѺۣܿͻϣ
ʯ籩ڣ磬ҶȻǾ磬̫ܣ籩ǲΪ֣ﶼУʯ֮࣬ʲôط
һ磬дʯ
ʣҶһֱʩչоյֿʯ籩
һʯ籩ϴΣʱҪ̣ڰ칦򣬾ͽȥһƬ棬вٵĿʯ
ڵʬϢ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȸոշɳʯʱһڵʬ壬Ӹ߿ս£Ѫƺһʱ䣬Ѫ΢һЩѪڸ£ѿʼ̡
ʯ籩Ҷȴʬ壬Ϥĸ֪Ҳûʲôֱˡ
ꡭ
ҶҪʱȻڴһ֮
ҶתʱշȥԽһЩɽһЩ֮һʱգϷͻȻһߵƽԭ硣

ֹת磬ֵߵ硭֪ߵƽԭУǲǿأ
ҶϸЦݣߵҪѰҵģһϷŤ㣬ڰһܣʵ֧飡


1115 ˫깲Ԫ
Ť֮Ȼֲ
ΪڵǿĪаǲŤ֮У
¾ͲȥѰҾתռ䣬ƬŤ֮뾡ͷĵߵƽԭ磬Ӧ뵱ǵߵɽ磬ͬ޴磡
Ҫץסᣬߵ磡
ڽȥ֮ǰҶȻкܶ׼Ҫһʧܶ飬йܺõĽѵ뾭飬ͷӬҪ׼
صĿ壬δ֪磬̫Σա
˼һҶȲŰпڣȻŤռ䣬գŤ֮ʹֲҶȷУ˲С
꣡
Ť֮ŤҶʱȻǿֲʹȫ飬ﵽ޵Ѫٴαụ̈ǵֲŤ֮ŤռȻһʱյ
һС硣
һ֮ҶǳۣҲ޷ֵ
Ť֮ϵŤ飬ʱʱ̶̿飬ԪףҶȿ¾Īаǿ³һڴˡ
߶ͬʱʼ߶֮һν磬ȡʼıϢ
ڰСʱŤӭһɾĦҶһѪȻͷ֣ƽԭĸ߿ա
̧ͷһ硣
ڣһν硣
Ŀǰ޷ȷƽԭɽ磬ͬʱգԿʼ߶龻֣ʱ֮
ˣ
龻־˶УҶȸܵĹϤϢԼģҲлƵģ԰ͷ˵ϢԼСǧϢ
Ҷ˲ϢЦݣȻͬ磬ֲö̤Ԫʱյˣͳͳʧ󲿷ֶʯ籩֮УŤ֮УܻŵģӦöƬ磬
ײܣ
ԭ磬ѰҵһƬɭ֡
Ҷɭ֮УȻ߶ײܣһܡ
ԼĪʱ䣬ҶȲϰܣȻ߶ܸڲԭʼٵ
ЩܣͲõ⡭Ҫǣν磬Ӷ˽壬ԼǸСĴڣŪһУȥȡСǧһððȻж˵³ȵһλҪң
ȷܶǱãʩչ龻ɱϢȻʩչԪǰ绺ȥ
ԭȻŸָҲвٵҶҧˣӵо綾ļ׳棬ҲĶ
ЩһմȾԣһֱȥЩͻȻȻӵԣΪޣ
Ҳ칬°ʹͷ˵˵õʬ壬Ϊ綴˺ѡ籩ȵ磬Ͽյߵ磬Ȼõ
ЩҶȾͷŻٶȣڴ֮УѰҸϧЩ̫СҶδ̺Ѫ
һѪޣҶ˵ọ̃۴κ״̬һ˲Ϣͣ
໡
ԭһƬʱҶȺȻǺ֮
ǣΪײе
ҶȿɲֶƵȥȴͷ˫ĺǣַڸ߿ա
ֹ
˫ǣҶĶٹżǴδء
ҶȿɲǣҪ뿪ʱȴ˫ڲɱһͷë˫ڣͷųһҶһֱѰҵ
ԣ
̤Ьٴȫѹԭͷ˫ǣǵѪޣܺãǧѷĺûᡭ
ʩչԪ˽ǰԭ˫ɱë׵ë˫ǵĶ֣Ѿͷ˫ҽ˫Ȼг򣬵ȴɲߣܷɾͲˡ
ˣ˫ٶȡӿֲ
ëﱻҧҶȱҪ֣û뵽ͷ˫ǣʼ໥໥˺ҧ
ҲʰǾͼ򵥶ˣ
Ҷȿʼ߶ͷ˫Ҷ֮ʱͻȻ߶ֹͷ˫໥ҧŶԷ򣬾ͣڵ棬һ
ͣ
һҶԱߣһһͷ˫ţȻѸײڶ֮ƣһһͷ˫ϣͷ˫ǲ£㱻һɷӡס
ͷ˫ǣպÿԳΪҵ֡
ѹһͷնɱһͷҶ֮նɱﵽ۷˫ǣȻ͵ʩչԪһƬԪȻռ䡣
ա
סնɱ˫ǣҶȿʼ̰˫ǵ΢ڷӡѪʼڣ

ͻȻһӿĻ棬Ҷ˫ͫ
Ҷȴž㵣ѹסɻ棬Ȼ˿ͻɵʮ״Բͻƣ޷ѹͻϢ̫ױǿ߸ӦҺѹסֻܵ뿪磬ͻʮף
ڿҪ˫ʱҶȾͲͻףҺüʱѹͻɵʮףƽ֮أ̫ױ˸ӦҶȿɲô֣ҿʿȻ粻ߣȴ˵ǿ
ʱǲ
ʱͻƣһ޴Σʱǿͻɵʮף˲ƽվ
ʣͻɵʮҶȶһرġ
ô΢ѪѪһЩӡ
ҶۣǰǳΪʬ˫ǣ˲仯ΪһƬ촷ۣҶȻһһͷѹ˫ǣ£˫ǻŲ񣬶Ҷȣ·
Ȼɱ㣬ֻǴӴˣҪԪ壡
һЦ˫ֿʼʩչһžͨԪﵽ裬Żʩչõͨͨɽ粢ϡ棬ǿǶʹõֻͨǿʹõЧﵽָ߶ȶѡ
˫깲Ԫ
һӡ˫ͷһԪ⣬˫Ժ
˫깲ԪǰԪ񣬰һŵԪڣֻǼĴ棬ȫᡣ
ǿӵжԷһУǼޣȴһԷߡԼͨ
ޣ޷κζߣΪҲǻŵģһЩԪеĸ֣ܷ˫ڡ
ᣬѶ֮峹Ĩɱһʬ壡
ҶвֶεˣԷſöԷӵϢͨ˶ᣬԷѾһʬѣΪٿصĿܡ
أ
ͻȻ͵˫ǣȴ¶һɾĿ⣬ŵʥϢ
ͬʱҶͫҲ¶ͬĹâ
ɹˣҵı𣬱ԲڰԪԦ˫ǣأ˽嵽ǸʲôĴڣ
ĪЦЦͷһ˫תɳۡԾڲԭ֮ϣϵرߣҶȱͫԺ˫һг

ʼðԪԦ˫ǣϱڲԭϡ

֮ңĲԭͷɭɽ
˫ͬɭУͫײС֮һݵʥ⡣
ʵ㣬Ӧ֪磬Ϣ֮أǲʵҿ˲Ĩɱʶ
Ҷȵ˫ԺĴ
໡
˫ǼΪε죬Х
ܺãͺã
ʱԺҶֳһԪʮЦЦԱߣһſŵ˫ӰԪ


1116 ҽ
Сǣܰɣȥ磡
˫ԪҶȣ˫ǿ˷Ȳش߶ӡǣ˫ǿʼܣ˫ڸ߿Խԭ۷ɽ
˫ǹȻϤκεΣڴɽ䣬ˮڼһЩԵޣϧֻҶԪޣǱһЩɣ
ء
֮˫ԽɽһƬҶ֣ȻһƬ԰ǰ
ǡֲɵ԰
԰ԼĶشСɳΣΧЩСϪƹ԰γЩƯڰգʹȭͷСͬһſűʯ
ء
˫ɣ
Щ԰ǿֲɣһǱ棬˵ʱ𣬻ԡ
ǴǱôƬ԰ÿŹԼӣǧһ죬һŹӶκ鵤ҩ
ףмĹӣ
Ϊ˫깲ԪԹߣǶڸ֪ζȵȣȫɥʧȻϰ˫ǱǼ⶯˶߲ҷ԰Ҷһر޺졣
ԭһŴɫѱΪ޺ɫ΢΢ԴһЩΧһ·𱻰𣬸ڲͬ
Ȼˣ
˫ƺϰζȻӣ԰һȥ
ι㲻͵
⶯Ҷһ۾ͿˣҪȥ͵ôҶȶһͷСС˫ǣʲô
ٿ
Ҷһǳ⣬˫Щԥ֮ʣȻ֮䣬Ҷ˫ǵ֮ǰһӰͬʱ֧ɼ˫Χ
໡
˫ʱڷɼ֮УɼΧ໥֮ͳΪһ󷨣ƴһס˫ǡ
̺ͨ󷨣
Ҷ͵һʱſʼж˭֪ͷ̰˫ǣһ¾ɼγɵ󷨣ҲҶΪ𾪡
ɶϴιӱ͵˼ûץסС͵ұһֱ׵㣬ڵһСɶӡ
԰ǲУһֳֹ꣬Լʮ˾꣬Ϊ˶·磬̺ȷòأͷųϢ
Բ
ҶȰһƳСԪ񣬺Ȼһν磬ǸСɵ۾磬ӵʵ
ôΪﵽڵ꣬ʵȻǿһ֡

ͻȻפ㣬ŭض˫ǣΪͷǣǺǴӣճɲ׼ҷҪǵȺ㣬ܻ
˵꣬ݵؿһǳɣ
ɱΪ˼ɱǿǾǣƻƽ⣬ѵһץȥΪǿūǸã
գۼ䣬һٻӰ԰ϷУһһλʮͷķŮ
𹭼ӭϵķŮӣh㣬Ҫǽճɲô죿
ֻҪú볤ϽһǴӣǰãǲץס߽ҲˣҴͷ˫ǻȥţ
Ůӡhú궣һͶԳζȻò绨ǲʧӰӢ붯ˮ
ֻͷһס˫ǣ֣̤֮ƶȥ˫ʵʵ޷һ£ʧƲС
̰Եǣá
˫΢ԪڣҶòѪֻ˲̰أҶȷŮӣֵԽأҪһ֣񱻿ƣҪԪ룬һ壬ͻᱻ֡
һͷǣ
ҶȺݺݵ˼ŵ˫Ԫ񲻶ϲɼҶŮӣŵж൨ľͷΪˡ
ҺǶ࣬ǰֻҪлᣬǻ뿪ġҶģֻеȴ
ͨ˫ͷͫҶȼŮӴŷ˰ʱ½ֻ·Ȼһӡ
ʮСڽֵ׷·ģȴ׳ꡣ
ŮӲδ˫ǽӣŴϷһЩǿ߽Ƭֱ̣ӷԾӡ
ŶҪȥķλСǧͬ򡭡
˫ڵҶȣҲʲô¶ͨԪӦиӦǧͼĴڣȻŮ֣֮һҲǻ¡
Ŷ
Լ㹦ҶȾ͸ܵһɹɿµϢϤϢʱ˫ǰ۾һ
ֻǰµһƬƽԭϣȻһǳذСĹӣΧȻżŸ
ԣȷ
ȫʯɵһŸӺ󷽲ԶƽԭϣƽԭһԽ磬ǽ֮УӰһ𹬡
⡭ѵ
˲䣬ҶȷԼǧټҪѰҵһУ׵سǰŸڶһԵ硢һӰ𹬣
ͻȻҶȶȻһѵǵӰ𹬣ǻʱգһֱеġҽ𹬡磬Сǧ֮ءҲ˵Сǧ𣬹Ȼڻҽ֮У
һ𺳳Ҷһ
Ժгָո̤ʱգŻҽ𹬵Ĵڣʱ͸оҽĪСǧڣһĹ
ڣҶ֮ǰ룬ıϣ
ֻӰ𹬣ҶҲ޷ȷǲǻҽ𹬣˵ԪʱգֵĽӰ֪Ӱǲǰ⵹Ӱ𹬣
ҽʲôҲ⣬Ҳȥ룬ֻҪСǧ𡭡
СǧԽԽҶȵĸ֪Խǿһ֣СǧϢǴǣǰ硣
hץһͷƻ˫ǣ
˿̣ŮӴ˫ǣУ㻺طŸڵǰλˣӭ˹
ŮҰʩ񣺡λ壬ͷ͵Ǵӵɱ˿ϧϲ˵ҪƶԴֲ͵ʹЩū
Ǻǣhģץ˫ҲͲ춢Щūһλ˸޵Ȼһ֣Ͱ˫
λ壬hȥˣ
Ů֣Ϳתȥ
Щūܵϱ޷Щ˫ǣԿסǣ
ǰ޴ūǣҲʡʡ
˷ɳڰգŸԽԽ߷ɱ죬ƿص˫ǣʵʵš
֪оŸҲУ
ԽҲԽԽǰ磬ӰԽΧҲӳϡΧҲһЩƺҲڰѲӡ
֪ЩʲôģƬ磬ûʲôʯȴȫʯɣôʯ
𺳣ɻ
ŸԼɣνʵ׳ۣؼʯɣ̫ңΪ˾ãﲻɵ磬硣
ͬʱҶҲӦ룬ѹӾˣɵ˲ҪѹڳۣҲѹˣڼֱ粽У޷ڣֻ߶ǲܵ¡
Ϣ̫棬ɵĸѹȱɵ縴̫̫ࡣ
ֱ˵Ľء


1117 ټ
ٹԽءŮԼΧˣΪҲڣڶδﵽȴ׵طȥƽأκѹ
޷ͣ
ҶڸᣬΪλھͷȴᱻɵץסЩڳۣ޷
ɴ֪ʲô״
ֻɴȴƬ磬ɼɴǿݺᣡ
໡
ͻȻ˫ǱһӰ棬ڵҳһӣȻƣʧˡ
໣
ʱΧȻʮͷ˫ǡ
ԭֹץһͷ
Ҷ͸˫ʹࡢ˫ͫʮͷ˫ǣݺݵɹ໽һһһ뿪
գλ˸·һ˶˫ͷһӡǣúøҶЩū
ǡھͷ
Ҷȵǣū֣ʱæ˫վǰһȻʮӰ¡
ڴԼǰһƾɵ꺺ӣסһڵѰһЩʯƬ𣬶΢Ϣ֮У͸˺һʥϢ
ϢֻдﵽھӵС
ڣһڵǿߣͬؤƵǣãͷ棬ʯϣϵȥǸɺ֮꣬ЩˮѰܳ伢ʳһ
˱ңһǿߣеģ
Լжʮˡôڣ¶ԪʱգѰһҽ𹬶ŤռġѰɣ⸱³
Ϊ˳ҲΪѰ֮УʿҪֻ֣Ϊ˲ƸأҲ޷ⷲ˸е̰³ҲܣԹ죬Ȳˡ
Լľ͸Ϊ˶𵽵ף
ء
˫ǿͰ͵ض˶һƻƵΧЩ˫žŸʼѲӣʱʱӸ߿գһЩ⣬˫ᡣ
ڼ䣬Ҷȼÿһūĳ࣬ϧûϤϢơͷˣҶȿ϶ǻţֻǲ
ЩһʮֵۺʧѣȻȴһ֣һ㣬һһգǿߣҲͬˣȥ
˵ֻǽһְȫĻУ֣ûΣգֻϣ˲Ż
ڱģ
һգ޷䣬ǻȥ
ΧҶȼʬǣЩģ඼ģһɢһ飬Ǳ޻˺ҧ
Ÿʱ䣬ܳʮꡭҪٵʯ˫ſŲһߵǿߣҶͨ˫۾˽Χ
ҶȾԪ˫ڣһҲżȴʱ
Լ¹ȥƺΪӣ鷢ھŸΧѲߵĿˣ׷׵ȥһǿĽ磬ӡŸ֮ͨÿūϵԲõǻߡ
ûˣҶȵȵĻᣬˣ
ҶȼԦ˫ǣ󷽷ӣԼʱͽӡ
ӽǹϵıʯʯɣģͨȴ͸ŶĿҶҲڼһˡ
ҶȾķ֣ոճĿ庢ӣȻҲֲܿѹƣ֡Զˣȫܵκ
ʵҶ޷Ūף
Ϊ˫ǵԭҶֻΧţѰҿܣһ֪ԭǿ߲ʿۻӣֻʿʸع顣
һɽɽ֮ϣһƬʥĹϹַУϧҶ޷Ƭ֮С
ͨĿӣҶȿԼĪһǧˣ࣬඼ɵΪϰǳۣЩڳۣʵڣҶҲܵʮϢԭڣҶǰʵѾͬ߶ȡ
ڣΪֱڣһϢʵڿֲڳԽڴڵڣҶȵ޷ӦֻżƬͷųһЩ޷ǿϢ
磬ﵽڣڵʵ
ڣȴɵۣ޷սʤ
ֱȫߵ
ɵۣӵʵڣӵڡڵʵôھӵڵ
ڣӵӵгԽڵ
ɴ۽ĪǲǰڵϣǿУۣҶ̷ˣС֪ǷŹΪҶȻδܵϢ
ҶȱҲԸӦܡ
ˣҵıҲһܿȺЩڸ֣ǶӦʮ˽⡭
Ҷȿ˫վɽУӣȻεؼԦ˫ת뿪
ðսӣֱӽӴЩڸ֣
һȣ
ͻȻ˫Խ֣һƬƺҩݵҩʱһϤϢȻҶȻʹ˫ͣ
ȻתһֻҩԲռһĶңֲһЩҩݣԱһᣬиˣƺողɼҩݡ
˵ϢҶʮϤҿʱҶȾȻһƣȻǻƵı𡭡
ԭҶȾҪҵƣƽʮ꣬һԿ壬к˽⣬ֻҪҵƣףϾڿϣҶȱϣҵơ
ֻû뵽˻ơ
Ĺȥ
ҶС߶˫ǣȥ
ԽԽҶȾԽļҲϣȻûпµɵġ
ţ
˫ǽҩʱƺ͸Ӧʲôڸ֣ȻȲϿ壬棬Ӧȵȷ棬Ҫǿκµˡ
Ȼһתͼҩ֮е˫ǡ
վƺҪ˫ǣʱһ긾ŮȻӲ߳һӣûʱͣ¡
Ƹ磬ĪҪ̫żҩҪʱȥɹɣĥģ긾ŮΪƲúˮô顣
Ƚȥһͷ˫ǴˣȰߣ
ס긾Ůصᣬţһɫӣһɭɭرƽ˫ǡ
¿ǻƣ
ڻƿ˫ǣҪӶʱ˫ǾȻʵʵҶȵԪ֮˫Уش
ף
һզݵɫ˫깲Ԫ
ڸ֣ҶȵͷһͫɨȻ˫ڣһԪ
øֶΣԶϢҸͷ˫ǣԭָָˣǻƣ˭Ժδ侲ջذӣƺʲôŵʵ
Ҷ޵֣ҵıˣҶȣƬ֮ĻԪʱգػԪʱգһİɣ
ҵķ
Ƽȡ㵵ʵ
ҶȵȻҽԪʱգַ֪ʮǰתʱ磬ûϢַڻʱΧܸӦδ䣬ôַ꣬һֱڻԪʱʱ֮УΪģѰһֵ䣡


1118 صʥ
ҵķ
µĥ£ʮǰʹﵽڵľͷһЩƣҶⷬչ¶΢΢иɫʵ
˫ԪҶȣ뱾ʱʱ̱̿ϵһ뷨Ա
Ҷȵ촫ַξתʱ磬Ť֮飡
˰ɣζҪҵҵĴڣֻԶҲֻڻԪʱѰҡ
ǵģã֣ҵĵһǼıû뵽ô֪⵽һ硣
ǻԪʱգ
ҶȺ뼱ȵȴ£Աһҩ¨
ԪʱգҵȻ֪
㲻֪ʵԪʱձһص󣬵ǽԪʱգʵͽһ֮УǴ룬˶ѣеݱ
һ޴󷨣
ԻͻȻûⷬ࣬Ҷһʱƿԣ£˿µ󷨣
һʱգʱգһ磬˭һ
ҶףԲʡ
˫üסú˸СεҽʱѹѪһϰߣҲ޷շУʿץסΪū
ǻȴūǶͬٻɵģҺܺ棬Ϊλƫƫɡ
Ϊ󲿷ˣƬʱյˣֻмһ֣ԭס񣬶ˣǳΪߣֻ֮ܳ䵱ūֺãʵʵܳΪǵһ֣ڣǾʮͶŻֻ֮޷ӵСʥӡʵȻ޷һݺᣬֻԶһ뿪¾޵ͷ˫ǣԲѾ˺ңȲѣҳΪһӣԺǿ壬Զ
Ǹղλ
ҵĵ£ҲߣΪľǶȡҽ𹬣ԼǰⱻȻʹΪҵĵ£ӣǽͬˣӿɱǣµĺӣһͻᱻǱȥΪĿ壬ǣԶµˣ
⡭
ЩĲ֮γϡ
ҶѾ޻˵һڵǿߣΪһţȢӣĺҪ˱ߡ
ūʲôֱֻǲЩūͣȥۣûɶѡ
ɣȴĴۡ
ӵеɣԸҲԸȥ
ڻδץסǿԽһЩ˺ѡ綴뿪ֻǴû˳ɹܶѡȥԣܱȱץסΪ³ҪõĶ࣡
ƿЦԳο
ҶȳĬһʵı
ôūǻӣѰСǧ𣬼Ҷģϧ֮ȥ
ҶȻǲ
̫Сɽһ񣬶ɥĳ֮֮Ļ棬ڳͷ֮磬Ǭβ޷ĳ
̫࡭
εľϯ䣬һжʵ̫Сģٻ֮һѪܵļ䣬ˡ
Уɫ
̫棬ûҶȷȻɣֵ֣Ϊλ֣֮ǰһСӣɵ۾磬Ȼӵڵʵһڵĸ֣ȴӵڵʵ
㾹ǽ֣
ԭڼʧ֮еĻƣͻȻҶȾΪˡ
һԽصĿʿ֣Ǵ˵Ķ֣ȷʵǸֵǿУؼաƬоΪĵ
ԽأǺǣҵǼĿʥһУǶĸ֣Ȼܴӳ
ӳˣȴǳ֮󡭡
֪ҶȻʥݺᣬ˼飬֮УֻһЩڵ𣬲忹ϧˣ֮ǿʥΪǵ峤ߵġ񡯣λ񡯣ڵǿߣǰĻҽ磬棬·ȡޱǿƳνġʥӡÿһʽĿӵһö
񣡣ڣ
Եģ
ƿ϶صͷ
ڡ
ֻ֣־͸ҶȴĳԪңԶı𣬶Ϊ֮һԽصǿޱȾȵʥ磬ɵ۾ڵôλڣʵѾԽڵĴڣ
Է飬ʵйٵǿߴʥӳȥ֪ҽ𹬵ĴڣԵڶβģֽ磬׷ڿУҲҽ֮Իôðս룬˴ӳȥѻҽ𹬵Ĵڣ磡
ҽĴڣ
㿴ǰŸУǻҽ𹬵ĴڣֻǽУҽ𹬵ֻпһˣĿˣûʸûʵ룡
ҽ𹬣Ĵڡ
ǰܶΪūˣ֪ʵܶ˶Ϊ˱ڴˣҪܣܶ˶֪ȴħ䣬˽У
˵֪ҽ𹬵ˣֻʥˣ񣿡
ԣ
΢΢ƽ
ǻ֣˵ʥ磬ڹǿߣҡ
һӣӻõôϢҶһֱԺһֱƽ֮УһһֻèС
һʱҡҡͷ壬ǺǣǿǴ˵еĴڣû˼֪ǲһ˵ѡèҶ֣ʥ硭㿴ҽΧЩƲеľŸǵĶˣʲô
Ŷ
⵹֣Ҷ˫ԪУüͷΪ˫ǿǸ߿ľŸͻȻɴ˫ۣŴͣΪеľŸˣȻʯɣһֻèʯ
Ϊ̫ңԶֻĿèƣʲôտ϶
èҶһ˿϶ǾŸ뵱ɴ۵Сʲô
ĪҶ˵ģϵġèɲǿЦģƺǿʥĳʥèͼڣֻӵеġʥӡȫʱܿü
èǿͼڣ֣ڻһܴʣôʯǽٵʯ籩ʯĪǶǰص磿
ǱҶֲ¶ˣеʥе
֣һֻ꣬㣬Ƿ뿪
ͻȻҶȿ˫ǣ磬عͷƣҶࡢڴʻ
뿪
һЦɫ޾Գ˭뿪ҹҹ룬뿪ҵĵ£ţţҲɥʧҵĵģң
ô֣ԸҺ𣿡

Ҷ̴϶ǵģҺȻҴ뿪ʥ磬ȥֻôԸȥ
Ҷ֣뿪ҿԴӦκֻҲʶԽصûа취뿪ɣҲǵĹȥҶȵڴȴЩɡ


1119 
Ҷ󣬵ûϼ˵ʲô
ǣĬ
Ĭʤ
ҶȱļԪУִӳҹȣƷ칬°ʹͷˡȵȵĳ
ںУҶȷĬڻļԾԼìܵ
ȱ˵ˣҶԼӸո̤ʱգٸֵΣգٵѣŤ֮ǿնɱκˣֿԴ޾ʹĻоٵ䡣
ȥ֣ûйȥµһݸдһݼ˺ۣ
ڣҶͨЩ˺ۣӦҲйͬľʹ࣬ĥѣܵ裬ӵȥ
ڣ¸һҽ𹬣Ҳû˿Ȥ
Ҫģɣɣӡӣ޷סɡ
վڶԷȥ룬ȥҶȾͷԼ׻ƴʱԸ
ȻҶƽ̺о˵ҲٹܶΡ֣Ѵ뵣ҶʵҪһε˺㣬ҡԱ֤ĵ£ȫ뿪ʥ硣
𣿡Ȼܻɡ
Խؽ֣ʵҲܻɰɣ֣ӵеʥӡ޷ġ
ǺǣҶֺܴ˼ϸ壬ͬҲ֪֮
ҵȷǴԽߵģֻǲʥ磬Ҹҽ˺ѿպ֮Уɹʥ磬ȻǶʥ磬ǵģһģֽˣ
⡭
ʱ֮üͷչ
ɻҲʧҶȻûκεĽͣ˵ģ˵Խӵʥӡʥ磬ΨһףֻҪʥӡǴɣҲݺᡣ
ʥӡҶǲʥ簲ȻߵģȻֻһܷǽ벻ʥ֮С
ҶȲſߡ
ҶȾԽ̽Ƶҳ϶ȣ㣬Ӳܣ
㿴ʲôϢ
Ϊûж·ҶԪͻȻͷһɶص⣬˫ͫͷų
֮⾹Ȼʥѹȣûһ
û̬ʹʥѹȣ
ǣǣֲҶ֡
ת˲ڻƵϣָŤı飬ⶼڶ֧֧ᣬ³֮˺ѿպۣȫˣΪУǱԽؽ֡㾹ȻþԴ
ҶȲÿóǺεȱ顣
þԴſԻ߳˺ѿպͱ˺˷顭
ˣҶȻԼλ뿪࣬߻ƣǳô˼һУõһС־Դ˭뵽Եɺ֮±ںˣҲ֪ԴɽľʥȻԣջǴɵ磬ӵбԴӵпʥֶΣ
Ҷֺ
˭֪ƶʱϴӦˡ
Ҷ˿ãҾ͵Ż仰˵ʵʥ磬ҲΪ˻ҽ𹬣ֻǾԴһδ߶̫࣬Ҫûĵһͬ뿪¶ҪԵҵõҪģҲܴ뿪ٵνµ˼
Ҷ־ƻҪϣ
ҵıʱûֵʩչ˫깲ԪȻ뾡취˽һУգҳ磬İ취ǲܰһˣô࣬ܵüʶһۻҽ𹬣һ۾ԣ
ãȻϣ뿪Ҳ뿴ҽǺεȵĴڣҶԿʥ磬δ֪ܣа취һһ⿪
Ǻã֣Ԫ񣬱˫ǻȥЩ֣Լ죬ҵıͻᵽ
ã˼꣬ô죬ҶСģ
ಣ
Ƴ˫ڲҶȣͱһʱ˫ǾĶ򣬷󷽴֮УӰ
Ƹ磬Ϊ˫ǣᴦôãԼڻƺˮĿ˫ʧķʱ
᷿Ŵ򿪣Ů˳ĵʵ
û£û£һ죬뿪Ըصǵ磬𣿡һסٸ˫֣ʵ
ٸʱ⣬ڻţ˵ʲôɵ⻰ҪǱ֪ǴߣǵĶӢѳˣԸһڣһӣҲԣɵҲԣҪ뿪һҪ߶ӣǿĺӣ
ǰһˣֻҪһĭﶼǼҡ
һڸ֣Ҳ޸ֻΪ˸֣꣬ȴӸߴͬһʹĻš
ⲻˣ˾͸ݺأ

ʮ⣬Զ岿صĴУ
ҶһƬ޽Уɳ֮ϣȻѽȫģתӡ
ΣҲŬһԣ磬ӻҽ֮УõСǧ𡭡
ʥ硭ȻźܶܣԪʱգȻһǳԽļޣЩʯ磬Īǣ棬ʲôϵ
ʩչԪɽУһʱע˷ӦһһڷŴӻõϢ
ʵһֱҶԺиͷһԸȥϵ飬Ǿʯ籩̺еʯһ⽵ɽ磬˶˵йصһżܿռ䡣
ֻһֽͣϻԪʱһ󣬻Сּƺⲻǿܣʵ
ΣҶȴʱСΪѾǰӣҲӦǿϢҶȿԶԿġ
󷽷һᣬһɽ֮Уɽַм죬ٶȲˣ֮󣬷ɳɽ·һƬ֮УڵĲᣬԼԼԼ
ǰʱ֮
УźȻ򿪣ƴһƵļЦݣţһҩԱߵɭ֡
֣
Ƽ·ΧһſŹ£ĴѰ֮ʣһƽӺ󷽴תͼһµҶȣ
ҶȣᡭҶ㲻ǳۣƺҶȼĸֳҶȵһУһۣҶȾͺ⣬û뵽һ֣ᡣ
һӦ¶𺳵ı顣
Ǻǣֲþ棬ЩɵۣǼȻɵ۾ӵڵʵҶȣΪβɵ۾ŽףҲӵڵʵҶ΢Ц
ţţɽв˳
֣ΪϾԴκβңԻţҿԴ뿪Ǿ仰ǲܰһˣԸðΣգʥ磬ͻžģһҪҽ𹬣õΪҪܴ߶Դ뿪
ҶСܷģʲô飬˵
СܾͲˣƴ磬ʲôӶһŪܣ
ҶȵʲãһҲʵ
ƺ뵽ҶȵʻķУµ޷ӣֻһ취ҪȥҵĶӣӢ˵˵飬ӵϵݣӴ˿ɳ룡
ãǾ취Ҿʩչ˫깲Ԫʱһͬȥ
ҶȺڣӣȻõģ¶Цݡ
һӡȴܵѹƣ޷ᣬͬ˲顣


1120 ֮

ʥʮ꣬Ȼ޷ӦͬһƵģƬ̼䣬㱻ѹȶ顣
ҶȰסֱۣͷ֮˫ֱһķӡת˲һŤӰʥϢҶͫӶ
¶쳣ﶯ֮ɫɵ۾Žһ˶ѣڳǰôСɳˣȻԽڣڶ޷¡
ôˣ
Уһֱصɻ
ٿ
Ť֮⻺ӿͷƲδκζ֮ſʼἸӡȻͫУһЩʥͫ⡣
ô˲Ϣʱ䣬ͷųĿ⣬ܿͻָ
ಡ
Ҷȱ˲һʩչԪʧҩԺɽ֮У
ƴ磬İɣӵɱ˵ֶΣֻԸܵҵԪϢ޷Ӧģ
ţҶȵ͸OO@@ش
ҶСʵϴ磬˴۽磬بδеšǳɣ
УڻϣҲδ¶µĺۼ
ҶչֵһֶΣȴһδζݣ˻һ̾̾ȥ
һ˫꣬ԽɽԼĪʱһϳǽӹŵϣΧһһﶼŹϵϢͬ磬ΧǼκʯ
ɽʯʯȵΪ
վסƣûʸˣٷ𣿡
ոŵУа׾ʱͻȻӳ£һֹ֮Х
ƶʱӣΣһھͷȻ⼸ʩ񣬷ϣСҶӢ涨ÿһ꣬СĶлСһ棡
ͷҪӢֵܣ˵ƣӢûųܵĸĸ㻹ҪƤ
ߣΪҶȽֵԽأʵ࣬Ϊֲǻܿġ
ŻƵ棬еǲϵ䡢
ơĬˣ
Űɣ֪ͨӢ֣Ǽ˵ǿģûʲôõ٩ģһת뿪
ǽͷʱΧ֡
ǽ£ĬĬȴţԺҶԪҶȺɻʵƴ磬岻ںӸͱΪλǱָݣ
ʥģǵĺЩܵĸĸԶﶼϣǱǲڽµĴڣɾ͡˸ϣĸģ޷ǣֻСֻпſԸҪһУֻ䵱Цѣǵϣ̤ڵϣǵĺӣǵܣΪһӣ
ʵǣùַȥŷǣǣŲſ£ߵģֱڴϣ޲ߡͷŰ
Ҫһϡ
ҲҶһĶӣߣ³󣬷ܽǣи֮飬Υ֮⣬УǿĿѹŭձ
ĸĸģܳʹ࣡
ҶȲɵã֮ģڵɣƴ磬˵ӣһ뿪һˣ࣬ΣҲһ˴˼
һֱģҪߣһߣҪô
Ԫ뱾˼֮飬Լܡ
ָоǵڷ磬Ҷĸž۵ͬ
ҶҲĬˣټ̣ҲƲ֮飬Ȼ⼸ּ򵥣ԶǰУ޷ѡ
ҡҡͷǷ򸾣ԶŶӣңѪ֮飬ԶҲ޷նϣϸĸǲܲӣ޳ꡭҲнѡ񣡡
Ӣ֣Ϊ
ͻȻһ˵ЦӳŴתȥ
ֻһذ׵µʮ˾꣬żǿߣһ·̸˵Цûһݸе㺡
෴ƳƣҲֻһͬİ·ĵЦݡ
ü˺һЩǰҲۿһʣҺ£
ƷĮȻ̬ȣشʹص㡭Ӣȥĸװɣ
ǡ
겻мغЦһ£ϾһƤЦⲻЦӣȻԾӸµ˵˵Ҫǰڳһĸ𸸵ģҪʲô˵ٵĵҩ뻻һͻֻһЩþߣ
ѵô꣬ĸףˣ
ʲôˣĸ֪µϵ˵ūĸģ˵ʲô飬֮飬ǵȷԷĹѪ֮飬ǿˣ㣬ǱߣԶҲǣǣúعأи꣬˵ԿǣΪеˣ
Ӣ
ҪңңһƤĸҵһ޷ϴĳ裬㿴˼ҵĸĸĸڵĸ߲㣬ֻҡЩˣ˵ɣʲôҪκҪֻҪ̫֣ҶԴӦǣϾǹЩū˵Ҳһӣ
ӣøӣ
ɲǼ䣬ݺĻƣ˫ش¡
ķ·˺һ㣬һ԰ףɫ񣺡Ȼ˵ӣðɣҳϣΪӶϣΪҸĻƣĸףҩԸֲҩݵ񣡡
ԣҪˣ²˵ҪЩ޿е⣬ºð죬ҪӻƣҲҵⲻܣҶ֪㲻û¾ڴϣڴǰҿɲ챻ָű˵ȥģ
껺˫֣Ȼڻǰȥ
ƴ磬Ҫ̫ˣϾСߣδһ飬Ҫʱȥı䣡
ڻԪ

Ԫ󣬾ȻڱݵĲı飬ΪԪص
ԪеҶȣڻƵ仯׵壬ܵƴ֮ǰҪڴ˷ܣһδ˺ѡʧҶȶ
֪ԡҪ취Ҫģƻǰֱ
Ϊ˸ĸ̫ף
ˣ޷ƽ෿˵岮׼ټ˼¼Щ֮ƣ֮㳤ڳڣˣʱ԰ǸĸסҲڣǽȥɣ
˻䣬Ż˵һȻתţΧЩʮֿ
˷
ʵʵڣҶͨ˫ۣ𽥰Χһһﶼǵ
Լ˰죬ǹȺɽ·ҲһƬҶȸܵǿϢͬʱһܵѹƵϢ֮Уɽۣ֮ǹ֮ͷų
ƴ磬ǸΪǿֲڤڤ֮УȻѹסеϢص˲ͱˣ
Ҷһ̾
Ȼܵ˶Ϊ峤֮Ϊϵ񣡡
ʵʵȴ֮⣬ܾ䳰ȷûã߳һƵƣ׸ƣ
ˣʵʵΪЧֻҪɵĺã֮󣬱ΪеˣԶڳڣΪ֮
꼫ĮȻĽ䣬˦ֶȥ


1121 Ϣ
ӣ
Ȼ㳡
˵ĬĬᣬ˺ѷεʹ࣬ԪҶȣҲһĻݡ
ƴ߶ƣȻģڳͼҪɽȺûпӡ档
ƴ磬õƣұеϢ뱾ڣϷǹȺ֮У
ҶҲڳǸ֣ͨߣ
ƻǣһһϲɫ
ƵǱ빬Ⱥȡҽ𹬵ܣֻҪҵ취ǾͲôڳǣ˱Ϣƴģ¶˵̫о飬ֻҪɹȡԷұǱκεطҾȡƵȻʩչԪնݣ뱾ںϣƴǱɣ˵ǹִĶӣ
ã
ٿ
ŻƵͷӦͫһ⣬֮ȡһȻ˫ֻһϣ
Ԫ
ɲǼ䣬ԪҶȣͬʱ˫һ֣ոմг˲ɳԪ
һӰӻֻͫаߴСԪҶȡ
ԪҶΧܿϢʥһϾԴԪҶȻطŷ
ҵĶ㲻֪磬ǶôľʣΪͷкá
ҶȥգڻƵϣһݸӵתϵϣ¶ֵ
⣬ҩԺɽ֮У

һɣ·ǹƬɽͼһµҶȣзڰգץӷһ⡣
ˡ
֮ͬɭֺȻһ磬ҶȵڣӿҶȵĿƽ
ͨƴ絹ǲðǱ롢˫ϵǵԪʱ䣬ҲռٹھŸϢ
ϢƽҶ̶ͷſϢγɷӡϢʩչԪͬʱɱˣʽ߸ϵĹȺȥ
һΣСǧԽԽʥ࣬Ҳߡ
ӹҶȾͳɹϿգһʮδ󣬺ҶӵоԴϢϢ໥ںϣҶȾ״Խ
漴ֱӷڳɽɽɲֱӷϹɽ֮УҶֽʩչͨϢ򹬵Ⱥ
ǿϢ
ɲǣҶȾ͸оؽζɾ߾𡢶аʵȵڵǿߣоԼɳǵõƵҶôл῿ǿߡ
˿̴ϷϢȻָо
ؽ磬ҶѾɵ۾ŽףӵڵʵڣȻоС
ؼ䣬ڲľͷ
߾𡢶˹ϼؽ౦ۡǬɵȵЩǿߣݺ޵еˣߡ
Ρ
һĨЦݣҶؿȺǰ˼ģһ㣬ΪعЩҶͨӦһЩǿĿ֣һŨŨ
ˣ̫ˣﵽΪĸ֣ߣ
ԽϷߴʱҶȾ͸ܵΧһɹɴﵽϢΪﵽ˵ڡ
ûоԴҶȼԪҲ޷
˵أطΪͬϿصƿؿռֶΣҶɵΪ޷ģΪﵽڣԪ
ɵ۾ŽΪֻСǧԴԪҶϢԦռܸӦعС
Խأ
ͻȻҶȵԪΧȻ׽һصϢ
ͷſǰܴϸ쳯һֻԽһˣһɵͬʱҲǡʥӡ
ʥӡܵõ˵յ񡯵ֻҪһ룬ҲԿΧ
ʣܣصĿʥӡ֮С
ϧʥӡԽЩ֣ԪںϣϢԽأ޷õʥӡ
֣ʥӡ֮УûжԵϢֻһ˿˿ѣʥ紦ϢУԳΪߣƫƫֻдﵽڵĸ֣ӵԣ
Щ˷Դ磬Ƕڡ˵롣
ҶȼһͬʱչڵϢΪ빬ͬϢɣҲ빬ٶȣһģһ
ھԴԪơΧĴں£ҶѾﵽһ˺һ״̬
ȻںҶȻᱻ׷֣
Ϣ
ۿߡʥ޴Ĺֻаɾ룬ʱ·ʥһ޴󹬵ʱҶͻȻɫ˾
ؿƺʲôҶȡ
Ȼϣͨϸ쿴򹬵ڣʱ˫ͫ¶⡣
ԭڹڣȻһ
ڴΧоǿߣһΪȻڣҲʥ磬Ƕӵڵʵ
ÿһһɴС̳֮ϣ̳ôʯɣͨ˷򣬿ıΣʯ̫̣Щľ֣Ҳ޷ƽʯӲȡ
̳ĴͬͨŴ־ţŴڴ֮УȻֳһɿµķ籩籩ռ䰲תţؼ澹һЩʯ
ʯ籩
еķ籩Ҷ𺳵ԭ
ڡڶҶ˵Ѿ˾ռߣֶɹٵǿߣҶҲʶοЩֻӵʵĸְˡ
Ŵػ󷨣ķ籩Ҷ𺳵ԭΪ󷨣ۿȥ͸磬ٵĿֲʯ籩һģһ
Ȼеʯ籩ֻǺСһ֣ȴ󷨵룬Ŵֿ󷨣Īǽʯ籩Ŵڲٿأ
Ҫεȵܴ߶Ȼʯ籩
ҶȾ;ʯ籩ܹ죬ſףȻǱơ
ܣǾ֮Ҳܴ߶ʯ籩
˼ȥҶȿ϶ʯ籩ȻйϵʵȻ޷߶ʯ籩
ˡ
ͻȻҶԺһ龻Ӱһ֣ʧˡ
Ϣ
ҶȷɳƬϷǹΧһ󷨣ͷųϢͨ龻ֵĸӦȻ̺һҶͬϢ
Ϣ
ȻСĪĹϵ
ڸӦϢȻ΢š
УӦþǿ֮ء
ҶȻ飬ʩչԴںϴȻͬˮУû֮С
ûʲôر𣬿ǿ󣬿϶̫ܿܲ׽ϢұԼҽڵ磬ϾֻһˣԽСǧڵ硭
ʱ˿̣ҶѾôϸôȫ棬ԿǿߣҶӵоԴҲ޷̫ķۡ


1122 
Ҷȿÿһðգ
ѾӦǿϢ΢Ϣȷ׿ĿǲǾǸС
Ͼڿ壬Ҳһ˵
ߣǲǸдɴ۵СܿƬ磬Ҳɴǰǿߡ
Ŵ߶ԴԦΧռϢΪһ壬ҶƯһɽͣɼΧ壬ɿʥ硣
磬Ҳǰ
ԭпΧƺ޽ãԱǾŸڶ֮У֪Щкã
Ȼڼ䣬ҶȲż̤Ϸչʥ磬һһֳζ
Խ;ʥԽ˼飬ֱͲҶ֪ɵ磡
ಡ
һȻ
ҶҲ֮Ʈ
ڴʱӰշϷ֮С
ڵĸ֡
ӿ߶ԴԦһ˶Ȼ߸ԾѾǰǾ޴㳡Լʮ֣ΧѲߡ
ҶȻǲֱӴ빬ɶ²Ͽ󷽡
ȪһЩƬҩԡ
ҶոȻ𽥿ÿһߣظӦһµͲǰһ
ҶǣΧûеĲơ
ƺˣмܿǿҲѹ֮УֳݰҶȶݡ
ˣҪʼ𣿡
Ҫ󷽣ԼɾʱһȻˣҶҲʱͣƯС
ѴϣĥԽ
һͨΪ
ˡǿ񣿡ʱҶȺ޲ðѶȥڿҪʼӴƬǿߡ
ǣˣ
ߵϵش

Լ˰ʱӹڣһת֮
˶˸֪õһӰ죬ΨһûᣬҶ̴߶Դ
¡
ڴʱͻȻڹǰƾһĺ֮
Ҷüͷһ壬ɲԽϷԾ㹬ǽܼ䣬̽ͷһͨϸ죬˲
ڿտĴڣȻһĻ󷨣֮УֳΧ
ߣվΧ֮УһòӣڣΧÿһоŸ
ֻλӣ˫ֻ˶Ȼ󷽵ľŸһ
ʱҶȾͼԶҲ޷ǵһĻ
УǾŸΧһƬɵ磬ɵ磬Ȼֱγз籩ǻҽڵ磬ΧԽ磬ʼҵĦ
ײ
ʥɵĽײĦʱʹһĺᴩʥ硣
Ҷȼɵ磬໥ɣƺ磬ͲƬɵ磬Ȼ̲𣬵ʩ£ɵʼĥ
¡
ӽŻ֣ڵڶڵա
ͬʥͬһص
Ȼ󳡾һռ࣬磬ʼɵ磬ʥеΪ籩У磬ʼһδι
е
еӣ˿һˣȻʥԿҪɵԽ硣
Ǻεȵľ׵ֶΣ
ʥڵǿߣҲ޷ˣƺʮɣϵѹ硣
ֻһδιļԣȻôҫۡ
ѵ񣿿񣿡
ţ𺳣𺳡
ɵﵽ̶ֳȣ˼飬磬·ƿ֮Уֻһض
ʵ˸
ܣôǿĴڡǵ߾𡢶˹ϼؽ౦ۡǬɡҲûָоӵпɽӵĸֻд໨ŴƤ֮УʱȻĳһ𣿡
ԼĲ˼ǿߣԪǬֻǿ߾ֻǺɣûֿȻ
ҶУ˳
ʵǿ˴۽磡
λ໨Ŵۡۡɴǰľǿߣ
ʱҶһӣǾǡ
ҶȲɵ̿ˮȥȻǰͳֹʥ磬ھͷ硣
Χ޴з籩
Ӵ˿ȥֻȭͷСںأԹâ˸ţз籩ʱҡڣţؼ䣬׺һһôضڲ
ֳҶֻ֮УǾ޴շ籩С
з籩һڵǿϣ¿԰ھͷʳɣ
ƺںʥıԴʹɽԡȷս޲ʤ񣬵뿪ͳΪͨǿߣҲӵֲ˵
з籩һ˿ԵֵģһͿԻ
һͿԻһС͵
һ磬ô֣֮
ҵĸо
žͷ֮ңɵԿͳֿڹڣͷųɵȻ֮ȻԺͻȻһӰһɵûеϢһ۵ӡ
һ࣬޷ס磬
ǸӣҶǰֻػһһλ磬Ȼиһ룬ǵ硣

ڤڵ˯С޷ǿߣ׷ػţӦò£磬һȥ
ͬҶԺֳ˵ء𡱵ֶΡ
ڿֶһȣеһȡ
Գص硭ΪΣҪȥɵ磬ȥѹ
ҶȻʥȻ̫ء
أСǧ𣬾ǰ֮У޷ıʵ񣬶޷赲ҶȵĲ
ಣ
ҶҲȥص󷽣Խƽͨϸ죬֣ȻеĿת󷨡
ɿòͣػӶ˫֣Ȼһƽһƣ֮С
ţ
Լڰ͵죬Ȼ任˷ӡɵ磬ǿֲضԿ
ǣ໥ںϣγһɾ޴У֮УȻʯâ
ᷨӡȻںɵʯ籩γ˿µ˺֮ĸ߿գ˺Ѷӿ硣
ѵµʯ籩ǽʯ籩
Ȼ䣬ԼʥʯԴͨеʯ籩õ˴𰸡
ԭ֮飬ըγʯ֮С


1123 ǧͼ
⾪ĶǵһĻ·𵱳ʯ籩Уٴӿͷ
ʥԿȻܻʯ

֮ڣǸصӣͬ˳졣
ˡ
ǰˣ̫ˣ
Ҫҵİ취ǻȡϢǳ˵Σ֮ǰмıòƷ
ҶͨܿȥǸӡ񡱣ڴ֮УдδֹͣܶԿ磬Ȼ֤˽⣬ȻֻܽСǧڵ硣
Ĳ࣬ܡû뵽һνܶӣ˼ֵ鷳ĿǰֻͨԼӽ磬̽һ̽˵ҶԵļԦҲܽȥУ
ʱҶ̶޼ƿʩ
ǿ֮ǰзӣΪӰ֮ӿϵõʲôϢ̫룬ʵʣȥص硣
̫޼˻׵ĴУԵļԦã̺ѪҶҲԼԦ磬ҲҲܽȥС
Խӵе
˵زɾȫʩչ󷨣һʩ׼ᷢҵϢ
ת˲֮䣬ҶȾʩչԴԪһԶΣա̤ʥ
Ϣ֮У΢Ϣ֪ʲôϵϧ޷Ӧ̽ΪϢ
Ժ֮ǰӦ΢ϢΪʿȻǿһɵ硣
Ʒ뷨
Ҫ֪ںһЩĵϢ壬һܸӦóǣΪѾﵽҶ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ԭҶ˵Ŀ꣬ȡСǧ𣬿϶ףѹСǧˣǸǿصС֮ǰҲϢ֣һжš

㻨Ѱ죬ŴӸ߿󷨷зɳո̤ɽ߿գӭһϮ
֮Ҷ̰Ѱ˫ڵԪʩչر壬ִԪУõܶھŸϢ
Ȼƴȥһٷ֮ǰصȥ
Խ磬Ÿʯ籩УԽӳɵҶԿţŸ·ڳɵ
ҶȷŻٶȣڵĿռ䣬ͳͳӿڵ򣬾Ÿƺγɰʱʱ̶̿գϿգɵУڶϮԽ֮ϡ
ʯ籩ңʯԽ֮УԴԴϵӿ֣֪ҪΪɵ磬ٵʯ
ʩչԴϢԼĪаʱһɹɾ۶߿գʱǰŸڵİա
Ÿͨںʩչ˫깲Ԫ˫ԺİԪ䣬кʶ
йɡ
ÿԲΣɴʯɣ̺󷨣һӳһ㣬飬֩ǶɣҪʥŸһ޴󷨣ƺƵΧ
Ÿ֧ʥôˣԿ֪ʲôܣ
һ֮Ҷȼ磬Ͽγɵз籩ե֮ռе
ʧȥȻ޷ԦҶȸо½磬ɵѹȵĸо
ھԴԻΪ棬ΧռͨתҶľ޿ռ䣬һҶѾԽǰ
硭ŨȣȻܸϾռ֮Ƭռ䣬һǴ磬ǰȻ˶
ɲǼ䣬һ̣Ѹܵڲͬ
Ǽʯ̺
һƬռ䣬һС͵磡
ǺεȵĲ˼飡
磬д޾ɵطƶŹʼ¼޽֮أǾʱգžйżΪȻ˶޽֮ء
ˣ̤֮ͣ޽֮أѰЩż
ĳۻżз޴ɵ֮У񹦷ʯ˳Ϊߡ
Ǵδй¼ɵʷУĹ½ʱУһ˲˼顢Ŀռ䡣
ֲɴǿߣҲֻźڴˡ
ʩչΧȻУӦ̺
Ϸ
ĿⶸȻ͸ʥޱȵϢ̧ͷһԦϷϿʯ籩УԽԽоʱᱻС
¾ڣҲ֮С
Сǧ𡭡Ƭ·
ƯԽϷҶҲͷκֻͨӦСǧϢ˭룬׾پڽϿգܵСǧϢ·ͷų
飡
Խӿ죬޷ƣ
̤ɽһҶԺйѰҡõСǧĳܣټ裬ٵ;̤ɽ磬վСǧֻһĵط
ϧ
磬Կռɡ
һֲ
޷󼰵Ĵڡ
Ȼǿʩչ󷨣硭
һ󵨵뷨ǹ֮ҶͻȻȼա
糢ԽԽ磬СֻҪһ˿ϣ
˫ȭÿ֨죬ȫս޲ʤҶ΢΢һЦʩչһӡʥϢΧʼơ
硭ȫϢΪпܵõϿɣɲ򵥣Ȼҵڣ̺ԣϧɵ֮
ڱͨ߶ɵеɵ֮֮зӡȻͷϢںϽƤë֮С
ϧԴ޷ʹãҲɵ֮Ȼɵãȴô
ǾԴȻ󣬵ÿˣȥںϣںһһʵʡ
ܿ죬ͨʩչӡ߶ҶΧϢʥ
һҪɹ
һΣٴڶΣǵõСǧ𣬼ɡ
һ磬ʲôϢܻܿǸصС׷ɱôҶ³ˣɲɴǵ޵оͷ
һ
Ϣ˿ʼͷ򣬼ԦؽӴĽ硣

ոսӴԽ磬Ȼ˲С
Ҷȶʱ˷ЦЦûУôĪ⣬Ǽӿ߶𽥵ڽϣƺ£ͳͳʧ͸Ը߿գڸ߿УƯɵ
һ΢΢ŵԣͬէȻȥһͨĹ飬ϸϸһһչĻԼֻһߴСƯԿռ֮С
û˿ӡѹķ
һСǧı𡭡
ͨ򣬴߶Կ󷨣Ҷһ۾ڹϵĹŻ֮ϣûжٵأҲĲǺҶֿ϶ɽ磬Ϊķǧͼ


1124 һ
ɵ֮Уķ
δبŴ
ֻɵС
ǧͼ֮ţ
ƯڶɵеĻһ¼ʷʫϢȻԵΧ౦ϢȫԽƯ㲻ġ
ǧͼӷ˵ˣڽڼ㣡
ԸӦۣ޷ŻģҶȴѸܵһޱߵϢ͸
˾Ȼûб
ӼǧͼļУƽں󷨣ͬģȻһȦͷıδַӡҲ˵ֻҪܽԽ磬ܵõǧͼ
ǧͼɽľκ˵õúý棬ˣȴûеѴǧͼռĳܿռ䣬˳ڸ߿գƺЩ
Խ޷̤磬¾ɴۣҪԽ磬ҲЩܡǧͼעעҪõӵ磬δɵĿ꣬滭磡
̫ˣûиֽ
ôֻҪܽԽ磬ߣܵõǧͼԦԣڵľˣҲ޷ҶᲢֻۣҪҶܽڣȻ׵õǧͼ
磬κˣ̤룬ԴǧͼŻûκνƯڸ߿С
Ҷȴͨˣԣеͨ
ˣû뵽ܽ磬Żطôǧͼ
ᣬǧѷꡭ
Ҷȶͷۼκ飬ػζɵâ̺£ͷŰ߰ǹƵ⡣
һҶԺֻһͷζ磬һҪõǧͼ
ٿ
Ե֮УһУҶȴ߶ȫϢγɷʼ飬Խӡ
ˡ
Ӹոս򣬶ʱһذѹҶţһͷͬâ
ֲѹ
ԣԽɵ磬Ҷȴʱ뿰ڵռ䡣

ž޴ѹȣ·Խ磬͸޷ҶÿÿһоͲŭһͬʱڷתΧȻ
ʱĵҶġ
ԽѹµУҶȾƸոѧ·ĺӣһԽС
ԦԵãڴ˿˳ûⱾ죬ҶԶҲϣõǧͼ
Ժùϣɵ磬ô꣬һֱûбɵɣʧãã֮УΪԿռֲĽ籣ţɵ磬ҵľ纵ǣûκοռ䣬ȣ
ѵһǧͼԿԽ磬ҶȻǺˮͬʱҲڽ߾ȫԼõϿɡ
̧ͷһΧƬͬĵطȻֲʯ籩ڶԿ磬ǷӿɽХڲȴǾֹˮ
ƺ磬ԶţҶǵһеࡣ
ˡ
ԼҶȾҪ߳Խ磬ڲԸ߿ʱͻȻΧһ飬֮
Ŷ
üͷһȥԭɵԽԿķ籩ʧʯŷ籩ѷ죬Ĳ磬ʥС
춼ʯͬԵǣ
١
ƽôǿĿȻͻʥ硣
ȫ߶ƺ΢΢ӯֻһɾ룬ҶȾҪ߳Խ磬ʧȥѹȣӶõǧͼһںϣ뿪Խ׶ˡ
꣡
ǧͼԽԽҶȵҲԽԽ죬ڴʱԽƺΪɵԿ֮ʧƽƽ֮Խ
ʱʣ޷Ҷȵԡ
̣Ҷ˲ɫˢף߶ֹ򣬿ǾֹȻ޷ãеķ򣬿ʼѹ޾ʼѹ鷨
˭
ͻأ֮䣬紫һ˻Ƶ
ˣƺŸո
ˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ˫ͫȻŴ󣺡ѵԽ磬ں˸ղλǿߵķ
ԷȻǷҶȵڣͨ˲ҶȲΧͻȻӾԽ磬Ȼɫһת֮⣬ȼһԵĻ棬ͬʱһ׹⣬̷ֳں֮С
ꡭ
صĶ׹ҶȿʼСƵģԽ֮ȥ
ӣ
ҶȵԺֻһͷ
Ҳ磬ȻһΣʧܶ飡
ԭ
ۿҪ뿪Խ磬ƺǸǿߣҶ֮ȻһЦΧԽ֮УȻһɱڶ

ѸǶ
һԾ֣ҶȺ󷽣ȥ
һԽĻζ֮ǻζ֮ͰҶ˴Խѹ˳ȥ
꣡
ѵҶ߿գڽϵı
ֻԽ˶֮Ҷȫѣһھ֮ǰܵش
ѹ
֮ǰǸӿУɽ֮УĮĴݶ
Ԫ񣡡
Ҷ˫ͫŴһ䣬ǰȻ߿գƣͻȻ䣬һ޴ֱۣɽ֮У칬Ӷ
ⲻʲôжֻһ
ոմ߶Ԫֱֻ֣ƿնûлᣬҶκζ־ֱӺҶȷ֮ϣֱӱײɣǣޱߵʥ絹˷У˫Ĵš
֣ħצֻƣײҶȣƺҶܵش֣Ҷȷץ֮С
񡭡Ϊǿ󣿡
ҶȻ޷Լȫˣһʱ޷ۣԺȴɵ̾ᣬץԪǿԪ󣬿ʼӿ
ˣ
֣޹˼ɵץҶԪѾҪԪ֮ϣԪ˲顣
ҶȾȫ߶Ԫ񣬽зһǺرץһ顣
ҶȵΪ޷ֵסֻͷŵ֡

Σ֮ʣͻȻһ⣬Ԫ룬ɢ
¡
ָո⣬ͬײʯͷ֮ϣ¡һֻһˡ
ʲô
ǸңԶʥɽ𺳰ľ֮
ƺȫû뵽һС΢ˣȻԻĹԲ˵𺳡
񡭡
һ٣ҶȾͼԪ޵ɾƯţջǵҶȵ⡣
˺ѡ
񣬲һֱԼ
ҶһԼڲϵײ˳Ʒţ߿գ˲ٵ˺ѷ籩Ѻۡ
ٿ
Ȼ䣬һڵӰӣҶȵ˵ķɳ
ޣ
СβͣȻһ磬һͰҶ˺ѿռ˲סοٵɵҶȣͣȻ̷һģҶȴޣһ˲ƵٶȣƬǿߣⱼߵĸ߿գһӰ
һһޣ˺ѿպ֮С
һΣպ硣
һСֻһУҲİ
ǿպҶ˺ѷε


1125 ɵʮ״Բ
˺ѿպ磬˺һδεذΧ˺Ҷȣ
Ͽգ˺ѿӣȻ˺ʥ硣
ܡεȵ˼ҵԪ񡭡
ҶȽպ磬ϵر·Ǿ޴˺Уȥʱ
һӰʥ磬ԽϷ
ʥУǸ֧ɵԿ磬Ϊ񡱵ӣŴһģһ
ʣǿ
ֻһѣЩɱҶȵǿߡ
һ˫΢¶߰׵ˣ񣬵ͦΣƺʥ硣
Ŀ֮Уƺһ˺ѿռ䣡
ˡǸˣԴߣû뵽죬һˣӳȥν
񻺻һۣһӰ壬ˡ
ʥ֮գƯͬĻʱա
һϸ˺ѿպҶ˱˺֮ƻѪģȻüĿ⣬ϷѾʧ˺ѿӡ
ֱʧҶȲ¶ĵЦݡ
ˣԽգ˸ӵգҵĴڣǿҲС
ٿ
޴ҶȼͷҶȾ·޴Ŀպ˺УѾֻʣ̵ܶľ룬ҶȱУᱻʵ÷顣
ǿ϶ġ
شҶѾֻܴ߶ӡ޷ֻ׹·˺С

ƯϷһסҶΧĿռ䣬Ҷһһɵ߿գһʱս硣
һΣҶвʱֳصͨ
ѹ˺籩޷ֹޣ֮Ҷȴӿպ۴£ɹҶʱս֮С

뿪գʱգ˺ʧѹʧҶȳغһ
ಣ
Щʬ壬ʯúɣ
Ȼ޷һ£Ưڻʱտֲ֮£߶һƬʯʮ߳ʬ壬ˢˢطɳƮɢڻҸ߿գ˷ܵذСβͣʼ׷ʬʯ
˵أȫ˽ࡢԣеĲ֣顭
ҶƯڷ籩УҺ׻ûнٷӡ𵤣̫һʼϯѪҲٷӡӿȫ໺ʼճѪ
Ҷ޷ʲôֻƯţȴԶϣ
ٴðգһΣҶ˵һΣһ֣ץüֻʣһ˿ϢҺԪ񱣻һΣҶȿ϶ڽӡ
ʱ俪ʼֹʧʱյףꡢظ񷣬籩ʡ
ڹʼΡ
ʮָգء
Ҷ¶ͷŵЦݣָԻȻ󻺻˦ֱֱۣ˿̴ӡֳ̫¯ȼգеĳʬ壬ӿ̫¯֮Уʮ֮ࡣ
ɾʬ壬ֻʣ¼ڵʬˡ
索漸پʬ壬ͷһա
û뵽磬ʧܶ顭
Ҷ̾˿
磡
һཱུСǧվҶߣοҶȣ磬һΡڶεòǾ͵ΡĴΣһλɹ
ģѾа취
ҶȸСǧ뿪ʥ磬СǧҲ
һΡΡΡ˵̫ˣôףӵ󴫳УҲҪһǰУõʱҪʧȥ׼ʧȥʱܻõµĶ
Ȼ䣬ҶΪСǧΪƽĻƺʧܶľɥ飬ʹ࣬һ̣ͳͳʧ
ʧȥͻӵС
ӵУͻʧȥ
֮£ʮа˾š¶ǣ֮£Զ޷ߵеľͷ
꣡
ɲǼѰ򣬾ȻҶȫ˵ƽϢ޷Ԥϡƿأ̫ͻȻ
ƽ֮ž˵ȼջ棬ֻգۣת˲ӿҶ֮Уʼܵȼա
ഥĿĵˣʼƽ֮ʧӿʣ˺ۿʼԶϣٶȷǳˣѪڷڡ
ҶȵϢʥΧɵҶȾ˲䱻𿪣֮ǰҪ߶ֵܵƼҰԵԽԽ̣ԶҶΧ̾ᣬɵ
ɵʮסʮף˾۷壬ҶȣڴӷɣһУ޵ɵԲ磡
Ҷ񣬺ȻŽɵʮף롣
¸ͷӵƳһͨСͨٴμУӲ׼ĸΪ𵤡һͳݴ½̫λ桢Ϊͽٻŭɱ칬ֶ졢ھɱΡɽ罻֮ɽ硢Ϊֶ۵״ӡ
ȥ֣·ովһ㡣
ļٻذʦĳ๲ͬΪյӡڵľ´ͷ֮һĻĻͳͳظǰ
ôʵɫ
ȥľһӵм̲ģŻһѷĺӣɳΪɵۡ
зһͳλ棬Ѵ½׳٣Ҳɽ磬ӳɽһ·ʴӣӵߵľ磬һжеĺۼ
ȽۣұҲίߣҶȾǸɱ칬
ɵʮĲģ
ȫ˵ӣһɱ䣬ѪҲӣ̫¯ȼʮ߳ʬҶȸоʱǸԽأ潫ſ£ڷӡ֮أħ⡣
ˣɵʮ۷壬ĸ֪ҶȸܵɽĴڣӴ˿Щ֮УӿȻȻ֮ڷҲ
ɵʮףҶվһеĸ߶ȣһʵҶɵʮףԿκڡڵĳۣ۷ĳۣҶҲգ֮ܡ
̤ϴۣʱʩչԴҶȿԼԦɵγɼ̲ľԴռ䡣
ᣡ
ֻҶڽ֮ʱʼ򣬴߶Դʼһں֮УʩչԪ򣬾ȻޣȥڣҶһ޿ռٴγɡ
ԴȻҪߵľ磬ܸںϡõڶݾԴһݾԴһҪúã˿Уľ۳ƹӵȵǿߣѰþԴڣռľ
ͻƵĳǿҶȲδеͨҪ̫ʱ䣬Ҫ취εõǧͼ
Ҫ飡
һΣ磬ʧܶء
һʥ磬һСǧڣʥܡ
ջ൱޴
ʥڿ룬Ҫ磬õСǧȻܡԽֲ̫ˡͻɵʮף»޷Խ硭
ô죿
õǧͼſݺɽ硣
̫ǿ󡭡Խ磬Ҳֲ̫λδǸСֻͻƳۣʵ硭ţ
ҶͻȻüһ˿ϲ̾ôˣڵңֻʱ⣬ö೤ʱ䣬ҵĳ۴٣һǾ춯أ¾ڣҲ޷Ԥ硭ó٣ƿԽ磬õСǧȻں֮뿪


1126 Ϲ׷ɱߣ
٣
ԸƣҲ취
ҶȵĴ٣һǷӿرɫ߾磬Ȼκ޷Ԥġ
Խ˼ֱ̣ѹҶɳȥһҶʩչںһǰ£ͻƳۣҲܽԽ硣
ʵ
˺Խ磬ҪǾֻɵΰܶԸԽ硣
κηҪƿԽ磬ֻг۴ٲſ
û뵽һεʧˣֻ֣ҵΣʥ磬ܴ뿪
ָò࣬ԼĪȥ֮꣬ʮ߳ʬҶ˳ɵ۾ŽףﵽɵʮΪѪŽɱ䣬һԴﵽ۷塣
۷壬ھɽ޽֮֮£Ѿһͷ
һлֻǿʼõĽҶȽ֮󣬲ʸվڸֵ硣
״̬ۻЩ࣬Ҫպִн
һ޵򣬻Ϊһ磬ΧȻʧڣһԱģٴſڼͷ
תԪʱգҶӣĺ棺νУδ̽ܡȻҲ׼õСǧףҲûѵȳ̶ȡ
ѰСǧҶȺȻ֣һ޷õҪģһʧܣǳ׵ӳ죬˿̣ףΪɴǿߣҲҪ֮ڣ߻Ԫʱա
̫£
ǿĿ񣬻аɴ۵С
ΣҶֻһУֻͷһ޻֮⣬񿹺⣬Ī
Ͽصֶ죬˼ǧ꣬ںɴ۵ĴУҲˣն絶֮£Ҳһƽ֮󣬺ܶҪȥԡ칬ԿپͲܶزˡ
һֶۣ죬ݣҪٺܶսأ׶ѹ˷ѹȶ
ϫӡѳΪۣ˵Ҳѳɹ
ಣ
ϢָҶȱ߶ʩչ̷΢΢Ķ˲ӷ籩֮Уݺɳ
ͻɵʮףԦ̷ӵӦ֣ǻҲ޷׷ϣ·ʱվͨա
κһ֣ҶȾѷɳƬʱգ֮УͷƳһۻԪʱգҶ̼ҹȷȥ
ԽĿռ䣬һδηԾҹѽǰ
֪°ʹͷ˵ˣΣҽָۣ֣һҪģΪá
ҹȡԪʱվʹݱɣҶڴ˰ܵȴûĥҵĶ־ҵ̤Ǽ֤ҶȳΪɽʱ̣
ֱӴӻҹշɹδͣ뱻ǿ߲סٷ
ٿ
Լʱ߶̷ѷɹҹȣǰղԶ̫ľߴּԦԶսصĵط
Ҷ̼ĳһٷͷųȥ̫ľߴ֣ʻԶսǰۡ
ٷܿʧȥ
ҶȲδٶȣ߶̷ţȻǱأʵȴһأٴ߶СǧԲ˼ٶȣصɽ硣
ԼĪ죬Ҷȴշɳ紩ʯһ˵ۣ
ǰգȻһöҶƯӰҶһӰϤս֮

ո֮䣬ս֮ڱɳһӰ
Ŷ
ƲһЦǷӰϢ̫ľҶҲӿٶȣ׼̫ľ˻ϣս֮ջش䣬ʩչСǧŰ˻ص
ƺڵˣҶ̫ľֻ׾롢ת˲
̫ľ
ҶȺ΢ЦٶȻ
һֳˣ̫ľҶȻһ̫ľȻȻԸٷ
ৡ
Ȼ䣬̫ľǧ׵ףȻδ٣ֱҶȶһ̣Լɾʱ̫ľͻȻΪһĿ
֮ƣҶӭɨ
ٶȣҶȼͣؼ̫ľĹٶȻһգ۾ײҶȷ֮ϡ
¡
̫죬ڵʯ֮䣬Ҷ˾ͱײĻըˣ˲ˡ
ıըˣﵽ֮ڵգȼաըһʯҲըѡ
ಡಡ
ʮӰ𶯵Χɹ
ٿٿٿ
һʮˣԶսһճڱըǰͷ߸ҶȵʱΪ̫ľɱϹͥϹ׷ɱߣͬĴ硣
Ȼʮ֣ҲϹ׷ɱߡ
ಣ
ţӰֶһˣ֣ͷѹһѪյѪˡ
ըȼƣҷ¶̫ľ԰סҵ
ǰȼյĻˣ̫ľɫңŭɨһۻˣʮϹ׷ɱߡ
̫ľǰһ׷ɱߣٲȻǹ֡
Ȼһ׷ɱߣ棬ŵһһ˫ü֮ˣ̫ľӱǿ𣬾Ӧף㽫Զĺǣ㶼޷ӳǵ׷
ǲ֪ǶҸĸҵļΪҲϹˣѵûν壬׷ɱ࣬޹Ⱥ壬ǻɱ˸޹ˣ
޹㣬ɱλ׷ɱֵܣ͸
Һ޲óǵ⣬ǵѪ̫ľһʱȴѹ
˵Щͣɱ׷ɱߣϢϧΪ̫͡
׷ɱʧĻˣŵǻҽĮȻЦЦ
ɼɱ˶ˣ
ʩչѹ̫ľ׷ɱߣԺʵӳδ̫ľ
ɱ
һľĴӺе

׷ɱߣ˫һϣͷųĿ⣬б̫ľʼʹĲ

ұط֮
쾡
̫ľ޵ŭţ
ٿ
֮ʣһӰ⣬Ȼһƿ׷ɱߺ󱳡
꣡
Ƹո󱳣˾ͱһ߸ʬһӰƿ̫ľʮֶȻ֮ʱƾʧ

һ׷ɱߣľǰ˼ĳˣȻͱ˾ߣͬ黹Ϣնɱ
޷ܡ
Ϲͥ׷ɱߣ
ʩչ󷨣׷̫ľټǲߵˣ
ǣӳ
׷ɱߣʼźˣʩչ
˿̣һƬʯ֮ϣ
㡭
һ̫ľһɰ֮ʯ֮ϣȻ־ϲֵֿӰҶȡ
ȻС
ʵȻǿмǸ֣ڵǿߣϧʵҵ϶Դôףȱڻ޷ƽ⣬Ȼ̻ᷢǵڣ
ҶȰο̫ľһ䣬գϹ׷ɱߡףΪ˼ɵǣ
ǵģҲû뵽Ǵһӳ׷ɱߣʵﵽ˵ڡ˼λֵܣУ̫ľھ˵
ƺһ飬Ϊԭ
Ҷɫ΢΢ۣղѸӦˡˣڲ˵Щʱ򣡡
ڴô죿
̫ľվţʹ࣬ʵһʱ᲻뿪ʱʱ̶̿ΣգҲӦҵĴڣ
ѪծȻѪ


1127 ϹѤ
ѪծѪ
Ҷȴ˿ͷųɱ̫ľɱǣǿߣҲܷŹǡοǼҵȻڻ֪ҵݣһصɽ磬ôҵݾͱ¶ˣ
ӳڵĸ֣
Ҷ¶ģɱ˫ȴֵġ
ϾԷһڳۣʮˣԲΪÿһǵĹ֮Ľָ֡
ɱһ̫ľ֪Ҷ˵϶û⣬ڣԷʮһһڡ
ڣǵΪǲȥսʤģبŲ
Σ
˭֪̫ľһϵǣȴҶȵЦݣҶȼúϢΣҲҪ˭Ҳܻ뿪̫ľӽԺ󣬺úøҸɰɣʶʶҵʵ

̫ľǾ㵣޻˵Ŵͣɴ˫ۣҶһգʧ
֪ΪΣһ̣̫ľȻȥȰҶȣȥҶȲս
ӳѰϢ
ѹƽա
ʮ׷ɱߣؽɴվ׷ɱߺ󷽣ʩչӡڵںϢ·նס
ΧϢȻƽʱʱҲпȻӿ֣ϾΧʱճ֣ƬȻ㹻ӡ
ӳû֨ȫʩչӡͨ׽κϢ
ˣ
֮ʣһӰس֣һƵᡢ˫۴ɱ⣬߳Ҷȡ
ȥӰ٣ǿǰݺᡣ
ɵʮ׶ѡ
ৣ
ת˲Ҷ٣׷ɱ߶ִ㵣ȻŷӦ߶Բʵһɱ񣬳ҶΧһڣγһܼûз϶İΧȦ
ҶѳΪǵ
֪޷ӹҵ׷١߶ûãһ׽ǵϢһ޾Ѱҳ
ӳתվΧͷųϢղûпֲѹȡԿڣʾ׿Խĵλơ

δһʱҶȳ֣ǵҶȣӶ֣һץȻһ׿ܴӿ֡
ƿҵĿܣʩչͨУѰҵϢڹȻɽеľͷֶγʲôأ
ڣˣ
ӳͷ֮絽ؽ磬ӷӡ֮ص칬յңԶĻʱգǿ󣬿ҶѲǳǾڶδؾĥѡ
ҶһƳΧ׷ɱߣȻޣɱ⣬һֱδϣӳ죬Ҫ濹㣬նɱΪҽ֮ǰһѴͣ
ƾ㣿
ӳʱ˫üһšܵҶСƣŭˣָֻ΢΢
¡
ս֮ʮ׿֮һĿܣָ֮УȻ飬Ϊɳɡ
һʣ
Ҷȵķѽ֮Ľ׿ܣ˭ǿУ˴
ɱ
ƺ׿飬һźš
Χʮ׷ɱߣͬ䣬ϢҶѸײڶ֮ƣɱɭɭҶȡ
ֹ򣡡
Ϲŵ׷ɱߣǾɽɱɱӣᲢ۵ģһΧɱҪҶȵС
ֻҶ
Ȼ֮䣬ֽҪ׷Ҷʱ˫һȻйʮ֣׷ײˡ
ಡ
ҶȵǣһЦ

ǧ֮ӳû뵽ǸòϣȻֶΣҶʮͬʱΪӰƺҪʧ֮ʱͻأһѻӶ֣ɱҶȵʧա

ֻӹգҶʮ׷ɱ߲Ӱ˲𣬶׷ɱһʮˣĪ˲ưͨٶȣʧ
ɶ񡭡û뵽ݺɽ꣬쵹ǿۣ
ӳŭɶ
ǿиǿ֣öĥ
һ
ԭӳŭɭɭѰҶټʱҶʧգԼǧԶĿռ䣬ֳʮӰ
ֻΧҶΧʮ׷ɱߣȻգ۶ѣȫΪ˸ʬһȼβ
˲ϢɱʮԲ׷ɱߣҶȵϣκε԰Ǹɱ
úݵֶΣӳסһĮģԶϹ׷ɱߵ֮УһĹû뵽ռ裬˾ˣϹţҲָ֣
÷ϻ˰ɣ
Ҷ򾲣죬֮䣬뵹һСҵģ޷ݸϹͥģ

ͻȻӳԭһͬȼյĻ棬Ϊֱɾ޴˫֣ŭյѹƣκʼ飬˺Ѿγɷաһеգ۾ʹҶϷץ
뷣
׳ΰ˫֣ѹҶȺѹ
Ԫ
ҶȲδܣûоţ
ڣ翪ٵذҶ˫۲Ͻ棬ͬΰڡȻһɹ֮ľ޴㣬·һ㣬ƹƽ
ٿ
ͬһԴ֣
ͬӳͷŵĻ˫֣ôݺᣬޣδֳ˵ɱ·ϣ˫𣬳˫ӭȥ
Ц֪ν㾳̫ͣռͨèץϷԣڱǰƨһ
濹⣿
ҶⷬٶӳмХֱ˵ǿһֻڻЦıݡ
飡
˫˫֣һһ£Ī֮Уҵײһ
ɲǼ䣬ӳһ㣬޴󣬷޴˫ƾУ֮Уͬʱ飬ײĳײһͷͷŭ̫Źţ֮бӣ
޴ʯײ飡
ƣ
ڱ
ӳʧǧ֮⣬Ȱ˸գ֪ʩչεȻҶǰգ˲ȱϢ
ȱϢΪ˲ȱۣ䣬ΪֲǰĲȱƬһɨҶȡ
ܣ
˹ڵ޷ܣΪҶֻɵ۾磬ʵǿ棬Ტۡ
еģƣֻԴԴϵѣھ硢ڵȻϣʮǧ
¡
ȱ׺񷡢أ赲
֮ϣ֣Ҷ𶯵ܣƵֱˣײ֮Ҷںڳ
ƽ顭˺ѽʯ
ҶֽץסܣȻڼٱˣǰǲȱ֮δʧһץʱһ׹⣬ƹһ㣬Ҷһȭڲȱ֮ϣʱΪ޴Ĺա
¡
еĲȱ׹⣬ͬʱΪУ
࣬鳤գ
ڣ˿
ӳسҶȺ󷽣˫ƶҶȣһƣһƵ˦һȱ֮Ϊ˳ҶȲϵӿ
˵ֲĲȱ֮˳϶֮԰Ҷɡ
һ˽һˣһһ㣡
ȱ֮ҶȺ󷽰գγƶʽ˳ȱ̬㳡ѾȻ
þķ
ϹͥǾԪĴڣӵ
ת֮ʣҶȾ͸ܵ޷·ӿӲƺ޷⡢ƥС
ֻг
ͨ£κ˶ָоڵͨͨڵ飬Ѿ𽥸ı塣


1128 
ɱͥˣֻл𣡡
ڲȱӿȱ󷽣ӳƶߣԦ֮Ӹ߿ոҶȣƺһУΪ
ƺǿΪ£Ϊã
ֻƶ֮£ҶȼֱеСۣʼ߸ҡҷ˳ڣȱ֮Ѿȥ
ʥǹ
˿µԿնɱκڡ
ҶȻһץâɵĹʥǹֳ֮ķҲֳװĺۼ
ʼ
Ƭ̫ĻʱգҵϢᱻո顭޼˻ײðʹãʥĹʥǹ
Ҷڣƺ̺ھƵǰ̫СĿ⣬δ˶ĥսȼա
սˣ
ʥǹϤսоģΪȼƺҵ꣬һͳ̫λ
飡
һǰӵĲȱѹҶûкһǼسȥӶ۰򣬴̳â۵Ĺʥǹ
ʥǹ̳ʱҶͬǣ˶Ļ֮У·ػ֮УֻĴڣʥâҫ֮䡣
з򣡡
¡
ʥǹڲȱ֮ϣоɽҶһ𣬳ƯȻȱǰһ㿪ʼ顣
Ժƶȱ֮Ҷѡںзһڹʥǹ˲ʩչзķӡ
ţʥǹϹʥǹļ̣ȻѲȱһػ飬ơ
ĹʥǹΧз̵ĽȱʼһƬƬ顣
ССһ࣬ɹԿţ
СӵܹŹ֣ƺӵкȻ֮裬ʩչں̶ȣκڣǿߡһɵۣããɽ磬ôĴڣ
󷽣վڲȱϷӳʱϼڶܴڵĳЩȻ֮Ȼ֮ΪһЩ˵Ϣ֮У̺ŨҵϹϢ˿õϹűĴС
𽥣ˮ㣬ϣӿֳһɱɱŭ
ݣ
Ȼ˫֮ͫеĿ⣬Ȼγ˽ʼݺᡢƺʱͫ
ţ
һҶҲܵһݿֲı仯ңЩϤζȻɻͷžһ̴󾪣Ľѵǽߣ
ҪСģ
Ȼ̫ľӺңԶʯ㴫ݶɫΪʩչͨϹͥΪǿֻǿߣе֮ͨһ

̫ľҶȷŻ˽ٶȣоԷҪʩչͨԸ
δ
Ŵ̫ľ㵡
ҶȵϹͥءͥͥռ䣬ֻȥһϹͥôϹͥк˽⣬ϹͥΪصģܴϹųɹܣ
ϹͥΪϡǿϹ֮ͨһҲؼ֮УΪͨͨϹͥ˽֪ȴֻڵĸֲй춯أһſֲĽ
ӡ֮УϹֻͥо֮Ϊ
֮ϹŴɽ籾Դ֮һϹ֮ͥУǿػߡţͷػţȻɽ磬ȻԽɵ磬ǱϾɵܵѹƣ˵κھ֮ǰʧȥ󣡶Ȼ֮ǰ⣬ȴϹͥΪǿ֮һҪСģ
ţͷ񣿡
һ̫ˡ
ҶȲò룬ɽ磬ֶ죬μӾɱĳǾ֮Ŵʱˣվţͷ˵ģ
ģ
Ƕô˼Ĵڣ
ݡ
ȻһĽˣ
Ҷȥͼӳ˻ǽһͬ⣬ͷŲӽűͷΧգӿֲĽڵƺʱƿն
ô뽣Ϣһ˿ͬϢ
ʱʩչһμӹ̣Ҷüͷһ壬ԽŨҵĽҶȺȻһҲϹͥǰΪǿ󡢸Ī⣬ȻҲѧϰϹŽ
ڷӡŽµĽ
ӳͷųĹ콣У뽣Ľ˿˿ͬϢƬ̼䣬ҶȾˣ罣ǰĴڣȻ´󲿷ֵĽѧ

һŭհĶ

ӳ֮ǰͷŵʣȱʼƬȻ飬ȻһƯĽ
֮УƯţԽԽ࣡
Ҷ𾪣һ𺳡
ԽԽ࣬ӳϽӡ£Ȼ飬ǧ򣬶һӣÿһһںϣȻγĽӣҶȿȥӣԼĪа֮
Ƕô˾̾ΰֶΡ
˾׵ĹȻһڣնɱɵʮߵֶΣǱ˼һĻΪɽΪĴ˵
йһɵۣȻԿڣ
У̫ǿˣԹʥǹƬĹ̫һֻУֻʩչ컯ȭƬմڻʱ֮УܶϢᱻɣðɣǬҲƬƫƧա
ǿ֮У칬ҶȾ͵ǬǬҲܸӦңԶա
ʱ޷أֻʩչͨ
컯ȭ
Ҷɫһ裬ʥǹʧˣ˫ֲϽӡ޵̫⣬Ӳ
ص̫һڲ֮У
ԣ
ͻȻվڽ֮ϵӳܵǰϢı仯˫Ŀһ̴Խն㣬ҶȵϣʥϢ˿˿ԡ
ֲô죬ɵ۾磬ΪԦԵߡ
ֻǵϢӳѿҶȵĵ̡
ߣ
ԽͨߵĴڣһӴ磬ȻбףֻвŻ֪
ʱ˿̣ӣ糤һţģĽ
ɽӣ
׳캳ص֮ӳӱһӣ
ৣ
ٿٿ
ֻ׳۵һĻֳˣ
ӳ̤ڽ֮ϣ｣ӿʼ糤Ӱǻ棬ͬ΢΢ǽٶȣȴʯٶȣҶڵգƺƵӿȥ
컯ȭ졢Ե޵С졢ң
Ҷһ֪ӡֻҪһݺĽӣҶȾͺһööɫĽγɽɫĽӣʵǾ춯ء
Ϲͥ
һءҽɾϳۡõСǧҺΣɽҶȥã
ҶȻƯȥ
ֻǼɫӣӳԦ£ǵصķ١𶯣˺κʡ
Ϲ湦֮£޺
ӳЦˣ
ɣ
Ϊһ⣬ǵʥϢҶԺ嫶ǺӰ׳ۡâĽӣһƴ󹭣ǿض
ɵʮף̫⡢ѪȵȵҶһŴ󹭷ɳ֮չֳޱߵơ
ݡݡ
ӻ޼᲻ݵҶӿ


1129 Ĳ
𡭡
ʯ֮ϣȻѹ̫ľأӲĽɫӣּ̾ڽӿǰ
һС࣬ƺ¸ֱǰԿزɿܵ
ɵâͷųҫ۵ĹâȼյĻ棬ɱ뽣֮У
Ҫ㿴ҵʵ
ԺúøҰɣ
̫ľ޷ӦԺһֱصҶ뿪֮ǰضȥЦݡ
һӰԺ֮ȥԽԽǿƺκݣҲ޷ܡ
¡
գ֮䣡
ŻȼչâҶȣ֮ײƼײ˾ɽ֮ϡ
һ𣬽ԾѹԵƶʼǰƣδǰ㣬
ۣ
ҶȻѺֲۣײѪڣ̲סһѪȻһɫʼҶȣ
飡
һɫڷϣͱиһӣգ۹򣬷ͱи˴롣
̫ǿˣ
ֻʮѽѷ顣
ҶȿǰĽӣüͷ𣬿಻ԣûһ˿ڣʼͷ̫⣬
컯ȭһʽ
ֻ޷Ľ֮Уֻ澳֮У¸ҵվ
ಣ
һʥϢޱߵҶұۣ
վڽ֮ϣڽλãҶʮ룬ӳмغЦСϣ赲ϹͥĽŲɣǺ˼£

ҶɵʮΪܷ𣿸οӳʩչϹͥϾѧ
ûоԣ޳Ƽ޸

ҶȻӶұۣûо춯صƣ̬ӳ֮ǰʩչͨ޷⣬ǵȭͷǰʮѽڵĳӽʱһʥ⣬Ȼȭ⡣
¡
һɾ޴ըʥ㣬ͬһĢڳӽǰȻγɣڵʮѽΧĽһͬʥ㣬ͻȻȻȻֹ

ĿŹʧڽǰΣյУƺڿ
һȭȻϰٰѽɫƻ˽ӵĽṹ
ڽϣһɿն޵ش޽κֻһɱϢ
˼һȭ

ӳˣʵû뵽ǿնɱǿߣڣȻһɵ۸濹⡣
꣡
꣡
ʩչ컯ȭӲһնڴʱΧĽ˲ںϣһӿٶȣһһҶȡ
һѺۣܻǵֵס
ͣ
ԽԽ࣬ٶԽԽ죬ƺеĽӣҶƶԷ޷üϣڣһӣظҶȵļϣȻѪڡ
ĿģѪں̺ѪϢ
أ
ȻҶȼͷޣӼͷѹƺҶˣСβͣܶŭ
ޣͣƲʲô
Ҷ֪Ҫӳ̰䣬ɭɭϢ޿Ͱ͵ĶҶȼͷƺûг˯ʱ̱ž衣
ͣ
һ˿ڣɼǡ
ҶȱһպôķϣһΣҶۣѪڣ
з򣡣
˫ֽӡ֮ӿȻӿı˷̬ƺҲΪУı뽣ĦýΧȥ
򣿡
ӳһ㶣֮ǰСɱЩֵܣΪǿռͨû뵽һַôᵮţɵۣȻѷõ˴졭ɱСӡ
ٴʩչ
컯ȭڶʽ죡
з򣬸ı˷ý޷вҶȣǼҶлᣬʩչ컯ȭ
һΣҶһֻܣӹĵôģȻһ뽣ܼǰΣӱ۾һȭڽ֮ϡ
¡
һʥ㣬˲ڽ֮бɣ𣬲˲ʧȥ
ʽԵ
¡
ҶһȭųýնδγɸལʩչʽԵϢʼըγɶĿʥĹ㣬һƻһն
ʽ޵У
ʽ죡
ʽң
һǳ֮¡
Ҷͬսݺ£Ž仯зںϵķҲи
ѣҶڰ̫⣬ֱƻĵĿ·ߣ컯ȭʽ
졢Ե޵С졢ң
һбһпֲһȭһȭӵһʽʽң컯ȭͬƵģڽ֮ϡ
¡¡
ӿʼһƬƬرըֳʥ㣬һ޴Ŀն˽֮С
Ӹ߿տȥڽ磬纣棬һˮС
ͣ͡
Žӣ컯ȭ֮£ҶĵԽԽ࣬ϽӵѹзջǱиҶϣֳһѪڡ
ҶȵѾİ֮壬ֻΪ̫СΪѪڰ̡
ˣǱиһ˿ڣ
ܰѾڷ֮ϡ
ҶȼΪѪˣȫ˺ۣڲֽĥ԰Ҷȵֱۣնϡ

â
컯ʽ
̷
ŲŲ
Ҷȿɲȥ뽣ײ϶Ķ֣װˣԺ߶̷˳
ꡫ
һĶҶȾʹڽеֱ
һǷⱲӣҲûɣ
ʩչ̷뽣ӣһĻĻԶ׽ӵӳ̰ض̷һβһͷˮӳӡ
ӣȻͬһ㣬ҶȸոҪ뽣ӣϸߵʱӿʼǰͬͻҶΧ£ȥҶӵ̷Ǻܿ챻ٴΰΧ
ʩչ̷ߣȻ׷ϣǣҶĿնɱ׷ɱߣԲòܵһ
ɽǧţ
ӳź飬ʱһ֣ӣȻٵطҶȣβӿγ״ҶΪģγһ޴Ľд󣬽кü㣬ҶȷȥĻᡣ
̫ǿˡ֮Ľ
䣡
׼õ컯ȭʽ̷ٵ£ҶȷԾܼĵطһȭȭ
дʼ飡

УҶȷʹĺ߽УΪڽ֮ʱҲڹƤûһǺõģ˺ۡ
Ϊ̫˺ۣѾ˵ǣҶ˵ˣܶˣҲ޷֣ѡߣҶȼʹ࣬澳֮Уϴ߶ĥȻһδʩչ컯ȭʽ
ССɵۡ޾ң޾ԡ
޴ΧӳƯһƬ֮УڿƴҶȣ֮Уӳһֱɻģĵòˣķ֣ҶȾǿҰݣôҲղ


1130 ʤ
̫¯ȼհɣ
Ҫ޴
ʩչ컯ȭʽҶȼƣڻĽУҲԽԽ࣬ϹŵĴ嫡ͨȻҪݻ١
컯һﾻ
ڣ̫¯ȼţṩԴԴϵҶգ컯ȭ𽥱ƽӳڵա
ڣ
ĽӣȻҶȴݻٵãֻʣ֮ǰʮ֮һӳʼһӡ淽ʣµĽʼ
ȿȡ
Ȼڽ֮еҶȣѾѪģƱƤɵʮΪӳսȳ̶ȣѾǸ漣
仯ҶȽܡ
ƬУеĽȻֹͣȻÿһ໥֮䣬һƿطӡ֮ҶΪģʼ⵽ڣѹҶȣ֮ϵᣬҶǰγһ޴Ľɫ
ǡ򣿽֮򣿡
Ȼ֮䣬֮ͷųҶȷԼס˵£̷Ҳ޷Ķ
ǰɫֳҶȾͷ֮Ƶģеѹơ
򣬶ҲǷ򣡣ڣ
ӳһ֮У⴩ͻȻһڽɫ֮ϣн·𶼱޴ɫգ
ٿ
ɫڶռ䣬Ψһƣ޷Ҷȣٴȥӳںȫ߶
ҪǿһնɱҶȣ
ʱˡ
ھУҶȾȻЦˡ
ɵʮΪնɱսֵزģпĻᡭ
ĪϢҶͫѪסߣһ⣬ȴڽɫһ֮ʣҶ֮б
춯أʩ߿Զ̹ӳŭգ޲ðҶ˺ѣҶһˣնɱҶõĻᣬҶۺޱȣΪʼղڡ
ɲǼ䣬˽ɫĹâ
һˣҶȵǰһߵƣ᳤磬ҶȻһɫֱӻɫץȥ
ǡ
ӳѾ˺ˣѿˣ֮ͷŵƣǿߵƣһ
ɺ֮
һ̣̫ɱӳ˫ͻȻӽɫ֮ջأüĴһ㡣
꣡
Դӵõ⻹ҶȵһͷųԸǿУɣҲǴ߶Żѣɹˣ⼸Ҷ֮УҲüνΣ
ڣҶȴٹ˼ɣҲò߶ֳ
ֻǺһԴǿҲǿҶĽ˲ΪѤĽ
޴飬ûᡣ
ֻ˳ץһѾ޷ӳ
ôܡɵ磬ؿܴɵ簡
ӳһȻһӰüĴȻɳһȭͷСġӳ
ͬʱָպþӳϡ
ڵΪɽľͷôǿϣһ缦˲䱬ըˡ
Ԫߣ
󷽣ҶüͷϴŨҵɱ߶ӳ϶ӲˣԪ񡭡
ٿ
ȻͷޣСβһڣͲˣ
޾֮УȭͷСĽɫӳڼٴ֮Уɽƴȥ
û뵽ݺ꣬ȻһССһɵۣȻӵ˵һǾ춯أҡƺѪ
ӳԪڲƺ뵽ŵľƺҶȣ޷ʵ
ڣȻһɵۻȻݳԪ񣬲Ұܶӣ
ϵϢѱƿءȻָһҪȡûƨһ
ӳȻŭٴ
ٿ
ͻأ֮䣬һСӰӺһŤβӰȻͲ˼ӳԪǰ
ʲô⣿ӳһƳǸ

һ򣬺۵ļһӳԥ֮䣬һǿɫһӳԪڵգһ羨ϺСһ˽ȥ

գֻӳĺ
ٿ
СƬСβһڣζΣͲӰνκɵգ·˵ˣĺ԰ࡣ
أ
ʱΧ֮УһѪˣįƯţСγֵͣͷ
ҶȵһЦ˫ִһӡȻлʱյĸеϢʧΪһҪʩչ龻֣ɱϢҲܱϹ׷ɱ˿ӣ
ɲǼ䣬ϵӿҶȡ
ʱ̫ľʹشӺ󷽷ȻѹϻˣշУܵѹȣ಻ԣʹлֻҪ΢Ӵķ籩ԺѾɡ
ԼҶԱʱƺȫҶһѪ̣ž
ڡһҵУ
գҶ䲻һΣչȥʹ࣬ƺ޷ܣﵽ޷̵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ
ת̫ľһȻһ֮ϣһȫġ
ѹ̫ľڻָɣڴԼǰϹ׷ɱͻȻ٣ɱλֵܣʩչսף㷢һٷΪյˣ
㷢ٷ
ҶһϾҡҡͷڽҹȻǻԪʱʱոݻ٣ˣûյٷҲδʱȥӦΣգϹ׷ɱߣǲ˰ģˣ˰ɣˣû˾ȵǣǸĽ߶꣬ΪһҲͷҲ˵
һɣƻúܶ࣬ϢƬ֮Ǿ뿪ƬգҸطָʵ
һӣҶģȻһƯ̫ľǰ
סӣ̫ľͻȻɫ˻ƣ̺˵̫ľһûˡˣƺ㣬ӽԺҸߣսɣ
ҶȳЦͷãȻ㲻ηӦȻңǲˣʲôΣյģˣҲʲôĹ𣬶ֶĵӣҶȣ
ֶ졭ǿɵ֮УһΪصĴţ
ȸһֶ죬Ҫȥȡ۵ȻǻٴλƬգΪҪõĶδԸõȻʧܣȴһƬա
ǣҲȥֶ죡
ɣ
Ҷתգһץһʬ壬ֳԭ磬°ʹͷͬӪΪĪаڵǿʬ塣
ڣҶֻʣǿʬ壬ֻмߣȻɾʬ塣
ͣ
̫ľ棬ҶֱĪаһڸ֣Ҷ˲飬ȻˮӿҶġ
ҶȵƤ˿ڣʼϣѪ˿ӿʼȼաڣĪаʬ𽥳Ϊʬ
ˡ߰ɣ
һ£һĪаʬΪ̴߶̷ʩչս׵̫ľƯԶյս֮ȥ


1131 

֮ͬ裬Թգ
ս֮Ѻۣ
κҶȱʩչ̷̫ľͣеԶսǰһƳҶȷԶս֮ϣ˼һƣĿģսʱ˺Ƶġ
̫ľε׷ɱΪһ򾡣߶ͻȻѹս׵壬ܵ𻵣ˡ
ϧˣ
Զս󣬲κζϹһѺۣҶ۵ڵѪʱϴˢս֮Ҳվ޷ڴǰУ
˲ϧ
ҶȾÿϧֱʱ̫ľӱþҶȵҸĽߣȻ֪δЩԶսģڵĽռ򸽽һΪ衯һ֣֪к֮޲ԶսҴٶȼ죬Ҽ޲һսֻʮѣ
ҶȶȻ¶ͻЦݣ̫ˣ裡ĪǸϲ䣿
֮УĵĹߣҲвʧɢҲиصǿߣҪһʱó֮أΧһЩ䡢ȥףǿߣžط߶Ҳȥɽ磡
ǾͺãǾȥ迴һʮѣ˵ʲôÿԳʱ䣬ָΪʻս֮
֮䣬˾ѽս֮
Ҷ̫ľȥռʻżа壬ս𻵳̶ȣԼ֮󣬿ʼʩչͨᱻ׷ɱߣݻٵĴ󲿷ַ
Ҫս֮Ҷ˵ԭ׾٣ֻһˣĺܶ࣬ķһЩ
ʻ꣬ҶȾһˣѷɹɣͷ籩Сʯ㣬Ͳصսܵ˺
ŪһУҶһ࣬ڰĪаһգȻ߶ѪԶơ
ҶԱһռ䣬ʩչ󷨣߶̫֮¯ȼƷʯͳͳС
ƺˮӿҶȼھŲڵ̫һںϣ졣
ҪǣҶȰ󼸾ʬ壬ͳͳ̫¯֮У֮ڣֻʣɾһʬ塣
ʬ壬Ҷӵеľ޴Դ
ɾڵϹŶɴݺɽ磬һϵõνһ޴⡣
ҶĿǰΪȻ޷ƽɾķͻƳۣҲ޷ͻƣֻнڡڣпɾ
˶ܿҶˣʼ˵ػָĹҲʼϡ
ҶȻָ֮ʱԶս̫ľʻ£Ѿʹʱվ޴֮УɽԵ
򣬲ʱնӰ
Ǽȥ
ԶսʻһˮѵǺ֮УʯݰƯǺС
ˣƬգṇ̀ǵĵҲǳ޴󣬹ǿ򣬾ǵʱĽӣҲӶṾĲԶ֮ĽҲûа취Ľӵ̷ھͷҲԸĽʵҲﵽ۷壬Ƭγɶ֮ƣ
Զսڲװϡ
̫ľͬʱҶҲһͬǰգ̫ľΪҶȽܵƬգҲûжԴЩ򣬻ǿ档
ΧҶʵ
Ув٣Խɽ磬Խǿ󣬶֮УֻǶ
ʵҲ
һĿȻ𽥽ҶҲ˵ӣڣ˵Ҳˮһס
ǰǿڵ򣬾ṇ̀ǵˣӦѾע⵽ǳ֡
Ǽ캽УԶսƬǿ룬̫ľҶһֱڼװ壬һŽΪȹ̵Ľʱ̫ľɫ
ಡ
ͣ£
̫ľδʧΧһЩʯ㣬Լ֮Уɳһٶȼˡ
Щ˶Ƭûо޴籩գ̫ϤһЩʯ㣬󷨣Զսʱʮ˺ܿͳΧ
̫ľҶȵͷȻǰһΧ˱ȭλֵܣĽӵֵܣ̫ľλʶǰãǲ˹һʯ
̫֣ǵȻ֪㣬ҳսֻеĹ֮ĽӲӵУֵ֮ܣΪǹ裬ڲ£ʱóףֵܼ£
һλӴ߳ƺûκε⡣
̫ľȭȻָѺۼֵ뿴Ҳм£սǿ籩ʯײѺҪ޲޲֪ʲôʱ򣬾ˣ˵Сɣֵܸߡϡ˵Ը֧ƽʱ屶޲۸񣡡
ˡ
ǺƺҲһѺۣɫƺ֪Զսļֵ̻ص̫Եȣֵȥһϣ
ֻ৵һٷ
ˣҿеϣǹڣһ֣ΪĽӻҪǿ󣬴ﵽ۷壬ڲҲ󡣡̫ľҶ˺󼸲װ룬ΧЩ˲δȥ
̫ľҶ˵
ͳΪ𡣡Ҷ΢΢׵
˾ս֮ȴš
ǰ
ղǸӣҪ磬Ȼ˴ӽͷһӡıģ˲Ѻڽ֮⡣
żصŽ磺ʲôЦٴ򿪽磬Ҫ£
ӽڣһĮȻʲôϣ˼뼸λ££ܴţҲ֪ԷʲôͷǣǹɳԲ˶ߣ
һҲΣƺǿеĹ֮ɳ£һ̫ľǰ޲ս֮
ս֮
Ȼһ΢΢
ৣ
˲ı䣬Լʮˣڽֳ֣֮ӵһṫӣһۣٷ磬˶ΨΨŵŵ
⹫ӣ
Ӷʱȭ
ŵĹ֮Ľӣɣ£ϴӦˣۡ⹫ӡӢһЦ
á
ƺЩɻ󣬵̫ɵˣ룬תȥ
⹫ӣǼιۣ֥С£Ǵòҹ裡ΧΧ⹫ӿʼķС
ҶĽӺȤҲδս֮ⷽ򣬵Ĺⱡ⹫ϴһĨЦ⣬Ȼֶȴš
ϴӦˣǰߣֱʻȥɣ
֮У
Ǹ̫ľ棬˫һ󣬺Ӿͷһӡƽеգһۡ
ֵܣлѣһСǸ⹫ӣ
̫ľлӣóƷʯлˣԦսʻȥ
ԶЩ˺̫ľɻ󣬶Ҷ˵ˣиоףǸ⹫ӣǡǡһλǿߵĹӣʵܸ°裬˼ɵϡǡ빾ϵ
ֻ޲սģǣȻҲ£ʲôǣΣ
Ҷȵһη壬̫ľˡ


1132 ۹з
Զսʻ򣬶ϵԽľ޴󣬳
⹫ӣˣ
ڲǴӵ⹫ӣһҶС۳ֵԶս
Ǵ򿪽磬ǽ򣬱ȥ߿գЩĹߣ
⹫ЦǺǵתһЩ˷ȥ
ðɣȻ⹫ǣ
⹫ȥʣһЩˣΧηη⹫ӱӰ
˵֪֮󣬿϶Ǽˣ³Բ˶ߣĽӣûжĽʣҲδ⹫Ӷǳ֣ǽĽǳ˳ˣ
ҲԹ˲Ͼ˼ǶˣҪλͬ⣬ǹ롮ˡѾӦŲӦˣǹ費ܲƣ
˵Ǽȿֺ⹫ӣҲ԰ΣƸ⹫ӣ֪ȥǣ⹫ӶԲɣ
ǣ߲һǳΪͬӪȻ״ȨҲ⹫
ЩˣӬӪؾۼһ𣬰ϲ

һӿգ΢΢սʻȻϴһڣս׽硣
˳
սڣ̫ľ˿Χ磬ӭʿʱ̫ľϣҲǳƽ
ɲ˵
һԵҶȣһУͫУӿּʮ˵ӰСһӰӡ
ˣȥǣ
̫ľ֪ҶʲôˣҶǼˣ裬Ҳݲ̫ľ˼ΪܣҶȵͷͷս󷨡
˿̣⹫һȺˣҲӸ߿շΧˣ⹫ϵ壬һװŲٵľһɽ
ԭ̫֣
⹫Աߣ߳һˣ̫ľȭȻ⣬ɤʵ̫֣֪սأ
֣籩ͳӣ֪ϴʱںδ̫ľ˿ʵ
˼Ϊ̫ľǰæҪ£㣬սɣԵȣ޲֮ǻսͳˣ֪ɷսڣ
£ֻһλֵܵǰ̫ľش֮ɻ󣬵װɣͷλȥϱɣͷλ
ϻ˵ս⹫ҪˣĽҪеӣ͵ȡɣ
ಣ
ʮˣ̴⹫ҷɳһΪҲڣô֣̫ľ֡
ĲУ¶Ŀ
⹫ӣԭ¾Ǵ⹫ӣҼҴ磬ǣκνɷθ̫ľţʮִݣΧˣǰ⹫ʩ
ȫչֳһĹǿ߸еΡ
Ľʲô
˭֪⹫ӵ棬Ǹ̫ľһǳ⣬żЦ벻мĹΪһײӣǾͲ˼ʶ࣬ӵԷŹ㣬ǲǾͱֱӽĨɱ
Եǵ⹫ӣʮİԵΧ˸֣ɵõһں
ѹ֮£̫ľݲȣһЦҼҴ罻սڣ˱ڣ

û⹫ӿڣΧЩˣȷѣһ֣ﵽڣһ̤һָ
ָͬ¡¡س̫ľԵ
䣡
̫ľԭһȭ֮ϣָڿһײ
͡
Է˵ָƳɿ⣬̫ľֳ̲Ƶĵ̣һȭͷԷѪܡ
һжѣ
ϣ
˶С̫ľֻһˣǿ£ڲ֪̫ľһ֣˶ʱһϡ
ס֣
Ȼ֮䣬һ֮һմݶֱӻΪεƶѲס̫ľʮˣƿ
ٿ
ţһߣԦһͷ׷ް߰ף˫ռûж⣬ֻʣƤǡ
ϣ
󲿷˼ߣʱƿˣ
ĹҲϷĿˣ׷ߡϡٶ޷塣
סӰԹһˣǳһһǳ⣬Ǹͷǿ־ߡ
⹫ȴֳҹӷ緶ʮֿʩ񣺡ϣ
⹫ǻ⹫ӻȥϢϲδйı飬Ȼһݳƣ⹫ӻ
һȣ
⹫ӺȻһ֣Զս̫ľϣЩĹΣһ޶ӽռӲܣˣնɱһĻ
ȻƳδŭɲףӣϷĿˣ빾ĵ̣Ǿǿˣﶯ֣Ĩҹ棿˴ȻԵ֣ȥ֮УһɱһĹ
ϣǴǣҲų⣬Ӳ⹫ӡ۹зеʱ
ս֮ڵҶȣһֱδʲôĿǰ̫ľ㹻棬Ҵ¹غ׾ܴ
Щպ£˿̣Ҫɱǣ⹫ӾȻġ
£һҪһܣӣҹڲ£Եҹﲻǣ
ͻȻ
ֺαΪһС£ŭȮ᲻£㻹񣿡
ۿ⹫ӵĵôߣҪ޷ʱͻȻӺ󷽣һȺǿƣһһ£һЩˣصۡ

⹫̱һˣʮ㣬ˣǼɵ֣ϢǳԽ󲿷˵Ĵڣڡ
ֻԱһһλߣƥС
һӣڸ֣
˾ʹˣ֣ĪҪƽϣȮ޶ۣ˵Σʩ
ҿܲ𣡡Ϲʩ
˵ĶԣԷڣΣҲöԷʩ񣬶Χˣó϶Щų˼
֣Ǽȥָ֣𣡡
һߣ߽䣬Ҳһۣתطȥ
ϣ˼Ϊ£ǵĸ֣
˼ͳͳȥֻʣϴļˣԼ̫ľҶԶս̫ľźΣʩ
ֻ̫ˡˣ߰ɣϷΪ޲ս뿪ǣֻ·һ
ƺҲ֪Ͼ̫ľǴЦݡ
̫ľ̻صս֮Ԧսϳػʻȥ
ˣиоǿ϶Ҫǡʻ֮У̫ľգڼװϵҶȴ
Ҷȵص޷Ȼȥ֮ǰҰй۲빾˫ǿߣйϵܸӣƺϣǺܻӭԼˣôгǴʱ⹾裬ܻ̯һЩ飬˵Сһ׮ǺúûָʵΪ
ţ
̫ľӦһ䡣
޲սڼ䣬ҵƣӦÿȬȻصֶ죬ɴûؾ䣬õ۵Դٴž磬ҽۣҲؾ塭
սٶȣҶԺҲԺܶ㡣


1133 
ͻͻͻ
ԶսӰ͹ɽ֮ϣΧһЩϽܣɽˮɽݺᣬǲһҪݽߵеģ

ȡӾԪʯ
ϴżˣȥһݣȡһЩסԶս𴦣󼸸˰ʯȥǺӵᣬȥʯͷҺ塣
ಣ
һͭ󶦣ϴ߶ԶɽٿȻ˵һԶսԱߣ˿ʼ߶ͭ󶦣ֲϡ
ӾԪʯɽ֮УһּΪϡеıʯһһЩΪԶʯ֮С
ӰԶսɳϵ˼֮󣬱һɽͷϢҶָ̫ľһЩȻԿԶս
ϣΪǻһЩʹ޲ͨԶսɽ磬޷ֳƣ˿շУգԶսֳֵ赲籩ڻ£Ūս˵ᵮһվ޴
Զ۲ϵ޲Զսȷûйթ߶̫¯ʼָ۷״̬

ɲӦ뷴ˣ
һɽ֮Уһһ¹󷽣⹫ǿˣƷ졣
Χм֣ﵽΪգĽǿߡ
ɫ£˵׽޵ֶΣǰʹӦѸ𣬵ɵӣȻʵȥ빾迹ɱһǧϲߣǹ費ʶֻ࣬ɿ˳֣
赶ɱˣ
⹫һʱһЦݣӡ
ڣ֮ǰЩԼ뷴˵ˣѱնɱ򷴹˱ʾĵķֻɱǶѣʵƷ칬ǿԶǣҪƷ칬̸ף
칬ɽִߣϹͥһǿ󣡡
ȻΪοԳΪִߣǽӴˣҲ֪ǲǴӳͷ֮ӳЩǿߣпǴŷţˮ㣬ǿɲäĿǣ
ǰ˵ԵĹߵԶսǳȤõԶսһͳΧɣ
ӵĶӣӣɱˣΪףʲôˣǾҪ׼ҾһֱĽӳ֣ȡеԶսϧм谭񷴹ɨϰĽеԶսҪŪ֣Ժ󷴹˳ҲǣʻԶս硭
ǻ˫
ȵȵȣһǲˣһ˵ĲƸǵģԶսҲǵģ㲻̫żܿͻнġ
˷·ƿ˴֣һһ䣬͸żı

ȥ
Ƭɽ֮УԶսȻ޲֮Уɽ֮ϣҶȣۣ
Ȼ䣬ƤķΧУȡʲôֻһְӰҶǰ
Ϣ
۾һأҶϣһƣôңԶգܵɷߵϢ
ߣӳͷ֮磬ӳĴǿߡ
ڳͷ֮磬ҶȽФϴ֣֮ԼͥˣѴҩַڳͷ֮ڵĴߣҩ֮У̺ҶͬϢ̫һˣ޷
ںԪ֮Уϼ˹ǿߣпһڡǿߣڶ׻⡣
ֻҪ˵ҩķߣҶȸӦ֮ڣҶյǵϢͻӦǡ
ԭҶΪҪãӳͷ֮ӳķߣŻɽû뵽ңԶգ
Щ˲ڰ£֪ʲô
룬ҶȾΣʩչԪո֮󣬴߶Сǧ˲ʧ
֮⣬Զһʯ֮С
ֻ⹫Ӹӣżߣˣմһ
ԭϵ
ԼգҶ޵Ĵ֣⹫Ӹӣ㲻Цݣһɨˣ¶־ȣ֮Уڳͷ֮磬ǳɹӳķߡ
λ¿жۣ
һվʯУʩչһ֮ϸִӵȥ˺Ѽʵ
ǰˣһ£Ϣǳ䣬һ˵شˣ裬һϧˣҷˡ
ˣ
еҶȣת˲һ㵡
ɵӶóȻǷ칬
칬ȻִߵţʵѪѪծۣķƷ칬ΪĿĲŵģߣȻƣȻҪ𣡡
һӰ˺ɭɭĺȵ
˶ʱ˵ԣ̫ţĿˣǣ֪칬˶У̼뷴ˣ壬λߣֻҪɱ˹Ĵ£´һᴦ׵
ãǻкܶҪȥ£ΪﵽڣҲŵȣֻŵȣȡСһ׮ɱ˴ˣ뿪£㴦ú󣬾ȥһ
ಣ
ݣ´﷨ּȻת
ڵķߡڳͷ֮磬вٵĳۣҳͷ֮绹δȥĵط˭֪ѺٵǿߣǬǱǿߡôĳۣʱ޷ǵΪͷлиǿߣ˵ҲڵĴڣЩһ룬뷴ˣԽκεĳһɡ
ɽ緢˴£
ԺͷҶȸоֶ죬ҹѰСǧǧʱɽ簵ж鷢
練ˣңԶɽö֮ɽѾڴЩߣЩ칬ѹЩ칬޵ǣںܶţ˵֮С
ȻһеĵΪͷ֮磬ʼٸߣҶȡ
Ҳδʱݣ뷴˽Ӵһ֪ɽΡǿķȥץסϸӣǿԴڷ˶ٵ
ϸ˼һҶûȥϸӣʩչԪ̸ֶȥ
䣡
򣬸ոһƬ󷨣ӡɽС
ڲʱҵ𶯣Ȼǿڽ֣Ǻܾˣ󷴿ߣԸһǿߣǴ´࣡
һڣڳͷ֮꣬Щˣ̫ˣ
Ҳʮ
˷˳Ӱˡ
ҪȥԳħոմּȡ
Ǵа֮ħа֮˶Ѱңǿ²ܻ
ԳħڣʲôںڵĴڣõڣ
ãȸȥ
𷴿ߣ̸ҷȥ

ߺҶ˳ΧһƬŵѪȣҶͫžϲ𾪣û뵽Ϣ飬Ǳںˣһҵõں֮󣬱ڽۣʩչ龻֣׼ȷҵ˵ڡ


1134 ˻ĥ

ȴΪˣҶȡˡ֮ϵһ
ǰΣʵź㵱շͻ᪣ǱħڣΪѰ䡭Ҳһҵ˵Ĵڡ
ԶǣҶȵԶҲˣħ֮ǰģħ֮ľ䡣
ýۣҪԴһʧڡд۵Դܱ֤ԼŸĵ̡紿һںϡҲжྪ˵ı仯
һЦû뵽ڹ˴ջ
ת·󷨣ҲΪ֮ϢڲԶʧ
ಡ
Ҷͬǣ·󷨣ڲõ󷨣ް谭ӯԾС
ưܲ
ΧȫƬֻʣΧѣƺ֣ùˣ̫֪±Ϣ󷨣ѾС
Ȼλߵʬ塭
룬๬Ѿڷ֮УƯʮʬ壬һʬ壬Ҷڲ֮ǰߣϧһ˺ۣΪƬΪޡ
ʬû˶ôҶеʧްʬˣûѰʲôõı뿪󷨡
ûٹҶȾԶսڵɽʹ
Ҫʲô
ȻϢһɹɱ¾Ϣתϡ
żߣϸĽٸ֣ȻԶսɽͰΧʮˣΪ̫ľҲԱߣȻƺѾõҶ֪ᣬϵᷢ¡
ʲôϹִ
ͬΪµļλߣѵϸӣ뷴ˣΪϸӵצ
㻹δƣ
˻֣Ǽ£һ˿ЦݣĮȻЦκηǡ˵ҪĨɱ£ȴֲƣҪֹǺֻܳΪʬ壡
ɱ˴¡
ϡһʱ׷趯ܣǲϢɱ˴£ֵǣҲᱳѣ
ƾΪ𣿿Ц˵ǿɣǿ߲֪ж٣пܣڣǵĴ£ֻеһֻ϶ѣܷʵǰһ仰ǣ͵˽
ǲӦ
ȻȥĴ£

ϸһߣڸ֣ЦӲ̰Ըܾ¡
ǽƣݱȥЩˣʱĬȻĬЩǿǰǳΪ˿Ц
ڣ˿ڣ֣ȻСǳһţҲȲϷˡ
ڸ߿һҶԺ뷨̫£ƫ棬Ѿƫ˷չȥ׳Լ硭ҲΪҸҲòˣ쵼ͥɽ겻
ҵ뷨̫̫ᣬ벻δı仯޳˭֪Щ칬ѹƵķߣΪ˶Ը칬Լԭ򣬻練伫ɽжٵķǸˣɽ硭Īǻӭһ޴Ķ򡭡
ϣҪչȥзӦͥǵȵ֯򵱳Ʒͷ֮磬Ӫôķߣһ£һ¡
ɣҶȾ뵽̫࣬д̫ϧϣͨȷߣγԿ칬ɽá
˵ڵҶȱףһ֮ʱΪڻعͷȥ뷨ŷֺܶ飬Ǻɵ뷨
ıɽ磬뷨ʵ֣
һУ
ֻˣ˵뷨ԤϵĽ֣
λ£һǵԼԴϰɣߣϷ̰֮
׷ﶯĿⱥᶨ
ߣ۵ϣ
˳߼ڸ֣üǳ⣬һ춼ǵ⣬Լ׺
ޡڸ֣ˣץסɣ
ٿ
һĺӰһڣ£˺󷽣
龻֣
·İٶˣ붼ڵĳֻۣмһ֣ɵ۶ѣҪһ¶Ըôĸ֣ҶһˣС
һֶͨΣҲУ
Ǻ
һɫ޵֣ҶȴֳƯϷûκ˷
ৡ
޿ʼжˣƺ˻ԪʱԼӡ֮أһЩٶҲǿ˲٣ǰ޷Ըڣڣھ
һҶʩչĻ龻֣һͬڵգ
ţ
ˣһƿش֣ȴնɱӶõսлȡ޴ʱͻȻһõͷף˫ͫ
ôˣ
һڲӵɫӿ
վһԵ⹫ӣطһ㣬δϣֱֹ飡
˲δ⹫ӣһ㵣ͻȻһƬռ·ʲôסڼʧλ뿪Ƭռ䣡
ôˣ
ˣ֪ͨһʱججȫ֪˵ʲô
ߣӣ
ƺַʲôµ飬һƳΧˣȻֱͷһס⹫Ӿʩչڣ˲Ƶٶȣǰٷȥ

һ̣һɺɫĹ㣬·ǳգͻȻƵģֶϸҪ뿪֮ʣȻۣһӣѼ˸˲Χ
ҵ
ͬʱЩɵۡˣ޷Ƥֱͫ͡ӿǳɫ֮С
ٶԽԽ죬գۼ䣬ɵ۾ˣΪ˸ʬڿһĻƺ֪ϸΪλᾪߡ
⹫Ӳô£
˵
ͷŸǿƿ⹫ӣɫȥƺҪǿײƺɫ硣
ܣ
һװ޴ƣͻȻϸײȥĺɫС

ھͷȻη壬ҲȻ˺˺ɫ㣬ȴײϣ˫ͬʱһ˵ˣƿʧǸ⹫ӣѪ
ң⹫˱ˡ

ͬޣʱԷɡ
˾һ̣׶ȣһȥʣǿ⹫ӣΪˣڼʧ
̿ɽ˶סɥͷӣߣ磬Ȼԡ
Ҷڽ֮⣬̳ȥķʩչԪϢ׷ȥ
ǳϷһ漱תĻ龻֣ŴӺɫ㣬ӿ޵·԰κκʣøɸɾûʣҲԽ
Ǻǣǿиǿ֣öĥЩˣɱԽӶǵĵ̣Ҿͳͳڴˣ㡭ӲˣҶѾˡ


1135 âϱ
ô£
޴ĺɫ·ԭֹܵˣд
ԭԼ˳޷ع
ôһգۣڵһˣͻĹͳͳһһΪʬ
ں
ϣɷġ
ʮ˲¼֮ʱ̫ľǰһתǿߣһʹԶս⣬Ϊǿӣ󡭡֪֪ôģ
һɴۣĪĽӡ
ĽӣϣʵڲǰĽһɵĹѱҵˣҲ֮ǰһˣˣЩǿߣԶս⣬ҵŹǣ
ϣиλǷģǲԼˣΪУȻǺϵսδ޲ɣҪλĳʲôǡˣͽǴ
⡭
̫ľˣ°Ͷ𺳵شϷƺ̫ľղһ
ǼУǸ̫ľˣƾǸͨĵĹߡ
ôܿԶԿڡǿߣ
һˣܶԿһ
ء
Уһ̰κƵĹ
âȭ
ɫ֮УͻȻһڲͬϢǸˣһڣȲͷһŹâȭڵĿֲͬâӣɫմ
ͻͻͻ
âȭӣɫĦȥ
컯ȭ
Ȼ˿ϣôͨƿʱһӰϿյߵӳ£һȭڹâȭ֮С
¡
âȭӿʼڶͬŭĳɫԵͬʱѹȣڵޡ龻˫£ϴʱ컯ȭҲû
Ȼâȭӣ˲飡
ȭɽУйâϢ
Źâ飬ѵ˺ɫʱ԰ףµİˣԷЦȼŭ
ԭ㡭һССĵĹѵĽӣŰˣֳҶȵգ˲𣬲˼ľ
ҶͷŵԣҿɲĽӡԭҲ빾֮ᣬȴҵս
ᣡϵơ
᣿ɣɣǰãҲնɱһھͷ̫󣬲ҲȫնɱҶûκԥ֮䣬оͳ˹ʥǹ

ȻɫΪһɱڵĶģһɹɹâΧγһɿµĲֱҶӿȥ
ϧ˲ͨոճ֣ͱɫ˲٣Ҳ˲
ƣ
Ҷƴη壬ֳֹʥǹͷųʥĹâںɫ֮Уһ·ֳ޼᲻ݡնٵءħѹš
¡¡¡
ʥǹڹâ֮ϣԴݿ֮ƣǰδ̵ùâһ߽⣬飬Ҷٱ䣬޴â׵ķˡ
ͣ
һƤѪɫƣӴִ·ҪըƵģ̲סһѪ
ಣ
ĨĨǣתɫ
˵죬¡Ҷ΢΢һڣ԰ѡߣҶʱȥ
Ȫʥ
ܹУ
ƺҲ֪Ҷں׷ʹȻһЦоȻһˮ΢΢ӿķ
ۿҶȾҪ׷ʱͷһӡסķͻΪһ̳ŤߣۣպҶȷеĸ߿ǰ

գ֮䣬ҶȾ׷ɱԽԽʱҪ˾ͱһˮˣǰһѪۡ
Ȫ裡
֮ʣƺ㵽ҶȻУҲߣӰͻȻɱ˫һץһˮĽʼҷɣ͸ŷ⣬ҶȰ
治Сڡ
Ҷû뵽ռϷʱ˶ԷĺУӿˮ޴ڣ˫һϡ
ٿ
һĻԶҲǡ
ȫˮƵķҪҶնɱ֮ʣΧһ޹ʥǹûзᣬ޹ʥǹϢʥǹʱһ֧֧ʥǹԵشšš
Ȼ̣ǹʥǹ޼᲻ݣ
͡
ѪŹʥǹ룬ϵر
ֽ
ȻҶȸ֮䣬ӺɫУһת֣ʱպͷ

ЩˮȻݺݵҶϣܻ壬Ȼѷ죬ȴûȫ飬סڵĹ
˲ܵɫѹƣôЩˮҶ˺ۡ
ϧһ
һˮ㰲ӡʧֳһһɳɽɽ˽һˮʮأûΣϢȻʮƲʣһ̺Ȼʡ
ҲһʮƷַȻԺԼʹã
һץˮɽУֱ봢֮С
Ҫɱң
õҶһˣؿڽˣڻָ˼Ҷȣġ
һҪǿʳӣԼĶӶʲôģ
˵ָһץ̾ͷϵĻ龻֣ʼת˺ʹر˫ۣһɹɫϢӿ龻֮С
Ȼйڷ˵һЩϢ
Լʮ˾ͲˣԪѾ龻ֳգҶ֮󣬴䣬ӿͷ
ڿûʱ䡭Ҫȥȡܲ¿ҴﵽɵʮԲƣԻָ۷壡
ʬ壬һץžذͷһʼʬǿ
׿ܣ
Ťͷһһٶ𳬼ۣȻڿ޵Ͼ̫ܼ࣬һʱ䡣
Ҷʱɲ㣡
߶֮ʣӿһ׿ܣӵڵʵԼʮ𣬶Ըڵĳۣ´ࡣ

ڽ׿ɱȥʱҲӿҶģڴʱͻȻһѩ׵ĹâγɲӼ̬ƾһĲӼȻԶγɱҶƿԿ
Ҷֱ۷飡
Ŷ
δй
Ҷȵܺ棬ӲӼ˿ߣںϹâɣγһǿӵ̾ΪֹӼ
棡
Ѱ
ӼҶȾ޴棬ӲӼ뵽˲𵤣뵽˲ԭһֱûнչҲΪĲӼɱ䡣
ԭΪâϱ䣡
ͨ˼ѰʮҵڲӼϣһҶȾ¶ЦݣΪâϱȻҲȻ֮һ֣չ켣ɡ


1136 Գħ
Ȼȥֶ죬ٺúòû뵽ˣϻ̺ڣ̤߾硭
һ䣬âϱеķĵãȫΪһ֮С
˵âϱľգ÷ӡâϱʱֱУ°빦
򱣻ʬĲӼҶ׼ʱȴȻ뵽ʲôʩչ̫һղӼγһŷӡģһ̣ʬûκ赲Ҷȵ

ͬˮůӲ𵤵ӵɢ硢ǡϸѪ֮С
գȹඥ
꣡
ʱ
ʬΪʬΪҶȵʬΪ촷ۣҶһͷɳɫ㣬Աߣ·㶯ϻ龻֣Ͻ׿ܣֻʣ¼ڳڷ
ģͳͳ˳
ٿ󷽻龻֣澹Ȼһֱɴ˲һɵ
һ룬Ȼ޸ʳˣ
̫ľʣ¼ۣò㴦Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬պԶսδ޲ɣöãһģ
Ҷȷһͳ֮ɫ㡣
ǣ
̫ľ̾ͻӦˡ

һץѻ龻ģȻҲԸĻصͷɫͻʧҶ˲߿գ뿪
龻֣׷٣
ɳΧȻǹأֻҲûѲߣոӿֲ˷ڶգû̫ͨʧǼС
Ϊ׷Ѱ󷴿ϢҶʩչ龻֣
Լʱ
ƺҶۣȻɢγһȦһȦɲҶա
߶̷һƬƬڡգԽһƬƬʯ㣬죬ǼУһƬƯʯǿգƻķϣһɹ籩շ籩γɼΪֲȻ籩㡣
ӦþƬǿ֮Сɽһֻ֣Ҫɽǿߡڱصã
𷴿Ϣǽǰǿ֮УҶ˫ȭ߬ÿ֨죬ҲΪϾ߸ǿؼһ֣δҶȵĵҩǷùҶȵͨԸǡ
ݡݣ
̷ĶҪҶȽʱһɴ̶Ʒ֮бҶֹס
ٿ
ƷֹĿռ䣬ͻȻ䣬һɻԲȦ·մը븲Ƕ
ĳҶһſź顣
ԲȦƺˮƶʯ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣ򣬴󲿷ֱɣȥ޴ֻʣ֮һԭʯΪ˿ռգֻʣһЩԲǺˡ
ǻԲȦŲɢϱʯ赲ƻ𽥼٣ǰԵʧ
ȻƬǿվÿ£籩ʧˣ
ڵǡڣ
üͷǺˮͫŴ󣬺ȻЩңûпһ̤Ƭ򣬷򡭡ǿҲʯһΪ
ǹ޷赲
̫ϤϢ볡棬ؽ磬ɾ棬ɴ۱ɱڵ˻ء

ٿֲٿ£ҶӵСǧʱԴߣǲõͷԺ
ڵǿߣȻղŶǿ֣߳ôˣ
ಣ
ģ
ҶʩչԪ߶̷˲ŵ֮ڣ

һը˴룬絴Ȼ޴档
һ޴Ưգ
һˣվΧ֮ϣһ緽顢ʥһߴ
ߴͬһСɽһڽۣȫһ糤ĺëͷǺںɫ΢΢ҲëΪϡӣЩͬޣγ״
ͫɫǣһԲΣݣһƼ̰һ˫䣬ֳһ˳
ǰʮѪģǿߣһȻڣ˽ӽڡﵽ۷壬ǿߣһֻ޽֮ء
꣡
ߣָֻһöָŹаһЦһĿըɳһޱа
ಣ
а˹˶˱ᣡ
ȻǴеаһգץסаӡ
ǿϢˡģ³ʥѪԳҲԳĴڣĪǾǼ˵ġԳħ
֮գҶȲǰһѰһĻĻһУУȺ˲˵Գħδͻڣôڣˣ칬ǿߣԳħħħ
ԳħȻһϹޣ
ͷ֮磬ѺĺܶǿߣҶȶδʶ
Ǹ
Գħ̵ӡȻɭɭˣֻٿһһ⣬ʮǿߣ˲飬Ѫ衣

ǿߣȻвԳħһ
䣡
Χʮ𷴿ߣǿߣԳħۻ
ԳħԦ򣬻𣬴żλķߣתˣֵñ޽֮λֵܣǷˣҪΪɽڶ෴֮УǿһɹǾɽ
ˣˣ
͸
ķͱԳħˣѹֱ֮ƣգ޽֮ء
˿޽֮أȻ½緢չҶĿգֱжʧ·ʮǿߣˡ
ҶȲŶ룬ǿŲȱ
öʬ塭
ɲǼ䣬ҶƯȱϷ·ʱ֮Уʬ塣
򣬱ʹһΪȴȫǿУһ
ЩУвٵǿߣҲвɵۣԼǧˣʬ嶼ǲȱģҶޣСβһڣȥһ߾ʬ壬һ⡣
ҶȰһЩʬµĴ䣬һһҲ㷢һСƣȴεҡͷ̾ϢΪԶȡ֪ԳħԴ޽֮ȡ
һ
ܸоԶߣȴֽǰһ֮ǰ˲ٶȡ뷨ֶΡ
ͳͳΪӰֻҪһڣҶȲܵõ
ء
ͻȻ޵Ľ
Ҷתһֻڷ֮Уһ߹餣һʬ壬һ߷ǳаʬ壬ƺоʲôûɡ
ǡľ綾
̫Ϥˣ
ʬ壬Ҷ˲ǰֻʬһˣȫǸõа綾Ľ綾ʴˡ
˻һǿߣ޷ѹɱ
ԳħŰɣҽɳϣõΪΪҲ޷ںɣ
аҲںϣ

Ҷһʬ棬Ϣʬͳͳ룡
ͣ͡
һɾ綾ϯȫѪ
ƶͣǵҶͷѪʱѪ̺̫֮ʥܿѹסȵľ綾
һ˿˿
ҶЦЦתˡ


1137 ɽӿ
ȥ꣬Ҷȱѻص衣
һʱǲ鿴Զս޲һʧ跢£òдСһ޲Զսٶȣ»Ҫʮꡣ
Ȼֶ죬ڴ˵ȺǣҾͻڼҪСķˣɱǧҪֿ
ԭ̫ľԶսصֶ죬ڿ̫ľڹ裬ȴõԴʥ硣
վԶսǰҶ˼֮󣬱̫ľһ
ˡ
̫ľصͷ
ҶͷˣΪʡʱ䣬ʩչ̷ֱӴ߶Сǧѡ񿿽ɽ꣬ʼմ
֮У̣ԶһУٶκι壬˲Ϊ
ǧͼɽӵоԴֶδɣκʣɽ籾ԴϢԴȻ˶
괩лѲʮʱ䣬ҶɵʮǿΪ߶£Ҷ̤ɽɽʱһƬޱߵĽ֮ϡ
ৡ
Ȼɽʱմٶȣ˲ƣһԽ꣬Ǽɽʱա
мξҪֶڵɽʱգȻֶ췽Լɽ緽λ½½һٷ
ԼʮһһӿҶȵԺ
ˣѽԲ
ҶС磬пУһľ쳣
ٺ٣֪ɽ̟ͥ
ʦܣʦ㣬Ҫʦ㶴Ŷ

ٷ˲䣬һٷڵҶԺɾľ쳡³롢ѩĸԼࡢ
֪ల£Ҷȼ߶СǧʼԽ󼸸꣡
ԺɽٶȣһʱϤǰȻһԲıʯƯ֮УʱʱԼֶӳ룬ɽ磬ȫ硣
ٿ
Ҷȴ߳¶һ̤ʵЦݣһٷȻ֮У
ֽ磡
ʦܻˣϸʦ𣡣
һŮӣӷӡ֮оѣ
һ׵£͸ϣֳɹڲͬ
ֶӣ֮һξ

߳ɹķӡ֮УתǷӡһ˿˿ӿڣ˿˿Ҳŵԡ
ɲϣԶûժ
һΧʱȻʧһֽ֮⣬һӰΧ
ʦ㣡
Ƿ糾ͣüͷһϢҶȡ
ξһݲڷͬŮӣӵеȻһЦǧʱ䣬ΪǾ٣Ŵոϻصľ磬ͻɵʮ˰ɣǾˣٶȣֶ̤꣬޵ɵۣ
ʦģγȥȷ̤ɵʮ״Բλ
ʦҪ۵Դɣ
ûҶ˵꣬ξһЦݣİɣʱ뿪ţʦ𷢳ٷңʦţ۵ʱ̣ҲʦҲ㣬Ҳ˵
ϴ۱𣿡
ʱһ㵣
ֶ챾٣Ҷӡ֮Уֶ۵ıƺܾûнٹܶӣж꣬۵ķ־ͶӰδ
۵ıȻ࣬ǱĲ࣬϶һ죬һǵء
Ҫ֪۵һ񣬾ͿҶ󲿷ܣɽ磬ֶ۵Ĵţɽ˵
ҶȽۣ̤ɽ֣״ӣֶ۶Ӧýٱ
ǵģʦ޽֮ж꣬״ӣҲ֪ںδУ޽̫֮ǿ̫գڡڵǿߴɼʦܣϢһᣬʦȥʾʦ𣡡ξҲΪҶҪ̤볬ۣ¶Цݡ
ʦܾͻ죬ȴʦϢ
Ҷȱȭξ񣬴һݾ⣬ա
ŶꡭЩۡϫӡӡЩ½ӣŷչм
ξ񵭵ĻΪһӰֽһ󷨣ת˲ͲӰӡ
죡
Ҷȴ֮⴩Խһ磬һͨ죬һϢͷų໥ںϣȻһ硣
ȻϤĵ죬ɽˮҾ棬һɽ빬һҶȱһ֮⡣
ˣһƺŴ֮س֡
أ
ƺҲӦʲô֣СβͣӹУ߳һλŮӣ纺ƺһֱھУƽǣΧһתʧԹâ
纣ǿ࣬ĪУܶҶӭȥ纺ڹʤ
˱˴˿ŶԷĬһ󣬾빬
Ҳûջֻ뺣֮ģں˲١
ڹתһȦ԰ƷŻ裬纺Ȼžɱ¾İݰŮеʣ˸㣬ľӡ˸࣬ǵսڲڡ
ھѣȻӵиľӡˣȥСǧڵʱգδˣȴһǿΪΪȻ޷͸̫ǿˣΪˣȥȡСǧ𣬶ʧܶ飬ڻҪֶеõԴ٣ƿΣʱյõСǧǸʱաһԿȾԿռ䣡
д˿ռ䣿ɽ磬˾ҵǣԣ
Ҳ֣Ҷ϶Կռ䣬һǴС϶һ󣬻йصĴڣ꣬ҲУߵʱΪǿɴۣ
ٶԸԽ磬ǲʵԿڻЩ׽⣬ڸӸ߲ʣǿߡ
ĵ纺ҲһĨ뾪ȡ
ɴ۶ôǿ纺Ȼ
ؼҶȵֶΣζδﵽСǧ𣬿ɼжôΣѡ
纺ȻҶȣǰңҸ㣬СɱڣƺɱǧټƣѰ䣡
ɱֻһֻ飬ڻ;У֪ӳͷ֮ӳķߣһ齨ˣԿ칬
ţѲܣҲᵽһֱ칬ʱʱ㣬ɽ˼ɷ칬ֻһ֧
ôࣿɽȻ˾κˣ
ȻҶȵ£ŮӾ˼ϸ壬¹ģҶһů˶󣺡εȳ̶ˣ
Ȼңֻںһ֣Ŀǰʹ𣡡纺Ӧ
ٿ
ͻأ֮䣬һٷ֮⽵١
Ǵʦξٷ纣ҪȥֶۣҪԴȻͣ㣬ٴȥ磬һΣһȥɣҽԺǿһͬȥ޽֮ðգ
ץסٷƺ֪ʲôҶض纺˵
ţ纺崺Цݵͷ


1138 ĸҺ
ֽ磡
ҶȲ뿪ʱξѾڰƯȴš
Ҷһ첽ξǰʩʦ㣬ʦɷ٣
ţʦѴ޽֮ؽ٣߰ɣȥʦ𣡡ξָģҶȸоϰߡ
Ȼûк·
һֽһӣξҶȷУֽգҶȸܵĳ۵ӣֽ粻ͬʱС
̤ɵʮףҶȸ涼ѵõɱ䣬ֽͨӦӦǧĳۣУϫӡӡѩŽ桢յԼֵӶܺ׸Ӧ
ֽЩطҶȻ޷Ӧ
óֶ컹ܲ򵥣ȵҶȽۣܸӦֶĴڡ
ʦܣۣʸ֪Ÿĵ̣Լ޽֮صĴڣۣĸ֣ǧ꣬ʦܡϫλʦýۣų۲Ǻܶ࣬ҲȲĳЩʱһЩŵĳۣ֮ӣһ㳬޷ȵģ
ƺξ⵽Ҷɫ仯ĦҶȵ˼Ҷȷڸ߿У˵
ϴڷӡ֮УǼʶʦ㡢ʦֵʵڴǴǰŻǰڵһλģ֪ʦʵεĸ߶ȣǰʦ㽻֣ɼ
ҶͫһĿ⡣
ҵʵȻȲʦãҲǿξ񵭵Ӧһƺ̸Լ
ַһ𽥽һƬĲԭɽ֮Уξָһɽ֮ϣʦǰգ
ΧһɽҶ˲һɻ󣺡Ϊʦڵܾ
ξȻ˫üһΪӵɫȻʦȻϴۣµ͵ûܵԼȥȥʦ޾ˣ
ˣ𣿡
Ҷȵһ㶣ɽȥʮ㣬ֶף˵͵һͥĽһҲǶ
ǼįģҲԭ

ԭç𣬴ٺб·ɽҪ֮
ξͫͷŵâҶȷɹһɽȻһͨͨɽУɭ֣űǲУɽǰУ𽥿һµ¥Ȫ֮С
ʦ㣬ĪǰһУʦʱʩչͨΪʵɣ
ӦʼҶȶȪΧܵͬϢ
Ϊȷ˲٣ԣľɫʦʩչͨûʵɣͨķȫȻ˵ʦָˣȻΪһ壬Ȼ˲Ϊ򣡡

ȻξӦһӿ˲
ˣ
ԭξҪȥֶۣ֪ȪΧ¥֮Уһʵİ
ִ۵
Ҷȼֻǰ̫ޡĪ⣬ڣʵظо
Ӱݼʦ𣡡
ξֹƺ֪̺ʲô˼Ҷȵͷ¥֮£ȪԱ¥ʩ
ҶȣȻδ뱾ʧһ·̤ɵۣꡭҲδŻȡٵԴһУԼ
¥УֶȻƮ
ҶȻɽ編ǿʳǿ󣬲ſݺɽ磬ӵ̤ɽһ̣ˣӲ˿и
˵ĵʵ˵㿴͸ҳԽˣ۴У˺ŨѪţеУ̺ѪΪŨҵģΪеһԱѳԽܶˣͻƳۣı仯Ӿˣɵۣ̺Ѫ۴٣϶Ƿͬ죡
ǵģһˣѿ٣
Ҷһһ𾪣оøϴۣȻı仯޷ķۡ
޽֮أΪҵһԴΪĸҺǴһϵַ֮лȡģ
ĸҺ
ܵõĸҺҲżȻǴַںܶǰ֣ⷢһֱûп̤УΪѰԴУһЩ裬㷢صľĸҺ
ַȻſֲ֮
ֶһҶůůģȻ˵ʮɣʥѾʶ̫£κڡڣͬɴǰ㣬޷ƽ⡣
ֶΪһ״ӣȻ̤޽֮أֵַ֮УѰȡԴ
жҶȸֶܵ۶ŵӣ顣
ҪðΣգҪٵľģ£ˣ˸Ҳ֮٣
ĸҺڹż֮Уδйܣ۴з֣һľռջۣγɵĵ羫ԼʮΣÿһΣһߣֲΪ
ֶһδ͸Ȫ޷Ĵڡ
ʦΪһУģ
ԴԴ
ľľնɣڷ磬õɽҺ֮Ʒɾ塣
ңĸҺͨȫ£̺
ҶȲȱԣӵеԣһʱա
ĸҺһЩʣΣʱͽ㣬Ѫ˵Խۣзǲɿܵأ

ֶ˵꣬¥֮Уɳαӡס⡣
ĸҺ
ξ˲չüͷһĽ΢Цš
˶õҲ⣬ҶȣȡʦܣʦҪϲ㣡

õξѣҶǰһʩչѷӡξĸҺ⣬֮С
²۴ŴССˣ۾ʹһξĸҺһξԣȻҶǸ⣡
ţһαӡľĸҺ˳ֶĶ͡
лʦ𣡵ӽŬξ񼴿ֶ̹𾴣󹧹ӹĸҺ
ĸҺԴʺϵˣã֮洦ἤɵų⣬Խ˺󣡡
ֶ콵٣ҶξϴĿǰɽ粨ϣ칬İȨһϵеӦһɽ絽޽֮أкܶ޷Ԥϵ鷢еӣ̿УҶȣúý۰ɣһʵΪŵ
ǣҶͬʱҲִ۵֪ɽȷ鷢Ȼû˵ȴԸܵƶֶ첢á
ûаգʦ㣬ʦɽ٣۴٣ʿǸҵطȥɽ٣ԼԸɣۣŻкܶĵļϣҲȥʶʶɽ磬޽֮أȥɣ
ֶ˵꣬һƣֱҶȡ
ವһҶ˾ƣ˶ʧ֪ȥ˺δ
ɣΪʦҪ½㣡
Ȼһ޷ܵķּξһ̤¥


1139 Ϲ湦âϱ䡷
ĸҺ
ɳֽ磬ƺ֮УҶΧƯһɹ֮紿ԡ
ıû뵽ֶۻΪһȡԴ
žĸҺϢҶнޱģ嶤£ݿ϶ֶϵ
ѭ
Ҷֶ̤һ̣ͺ󲻹ֶǺϣÿӵֶ졣
޳δõСǧ𣬺ʧ֮ۡεõĸҺҽۣӵʵ֮ʵõģͨͨͨʵõ
룬ͣƬ̣Ҷȼֽ磬ȥ
ͨУҶȸӦϢǶֶ죬뿪ֶУֶ죬ƺڱչ֮С
ˣΣ
ûãҶȱص졣
纺ڿеȴҶȻҶ̤ڣͼԦƺͷɫʥ⣬Ҷǰ
ĸҺֶΪһȡ˴
һĶʱһ⣬ֶʩչķӡչǰ
纺֮ͫУŷ֮ɫȻǾĸҺ磬ֻһΪһЩؾ¶ͨջۣγɵҺȻܳɽ磬ǲܴڵģÿһΣǾִۣ˴󷽣Σ
ֶͲٵǿߣǡȴһ룬ֶеģӸǿɲ⣬Դӵľֹɼһ˽ף
֮Сġ纺΢΢̾
һĸҺӡͱģ׼һúϢһʱ䣬Ǿͳ
ˣ
δ˵꣬ڴһ֮ҶȻִ߶һٷڲ𣬲ȸϤӯЦ
ʦܣɻˣʦ㣬οҪ鷳㣬ɲҪƳ٣
ȸʦ㡭
Ҷջȸٷ˼Ƭ̣纺ڹȻ˲Ϣʧڸ߿գɳ졣
֮߿УȸһɫȹһֻȸǧȥȻϣû¶ٵĸı䣬ɻ֡
ʦ㣬ҪͷʦţһʦϵãȸӣҶȻǿʺ
ȸĺȻһ㶣ЦǺǵһƳ㵹Եֲٰôô
ʦδ䣬ʦԶǸʦܣֻţѶΪ֮磬ĸȥʾˣˣʱյľСٷʦǰйأ
㵹֪֮ʹٷ㣬ϧƫƫأǾһſ㣬֪ȥǡ߲˵ˣϹΧ㣬ˣ
Ǻǣʦ¾ܷԸǣ
ǰʱ䣬͵ϮҪȥ޲һ£һ㻹ռϣܰæָԣ
ľСˣ
ԭûٶݵҶȣľ֮ɫһ䣬ľ쳺εΪҲڣʮɽнʣΪλˣ
Ҫ֪ʮ۳ƹǵǿߣкĹϵһˣȥʮӣ
ȸʱЦȻֹ޵ɫһգһˣʮӣѰҴˣȫ֮նɱ˵ıȽأûʲô֮ΣΪȽһһֱеķΪᣡ
ʦ㣬æҪƺǧҡҶȲδԥ뵽ԼѴʮΪѵ˵
ղǸӣôûˣʲôʱҲôȸɫĮ
û취
ɫת䣬Ҷڻ˵Լ⣺ʦ㣬ʵʦܣϾҪͻƳۣڹϳӣĻ
ȸӱɫҶȽ֮ϻһʣŶҪˣ
ţʦҪȥѰһƧ֮أۣǰһ̣ʦܲȥݼϴۣȡԴ
ɽǴ£ʦˣҪǵãɽٻһʱͨٷ㣬޽֮ص㣡ףɹ
ȸݸЦЦתһͨ
ʮӰ̫࣬νڹϣ
һΣҶɢܿ춼ͳͳʧҪԽۡõСǧΪҪ£ûʵҲ޷ʮӡ
վüģ鶼Ҫʱȥ֤
ҶȺܿص죡
Ҫ纺ȥջԪʱգһʱϢҶȻص죬纺̿䣬ϤԿռ䣬Ⱦȥı仯Ȼӡøǿ󣬹ؼǾѪ˲١
̫¯
ʩչҶڸ߿գ߶̫¯մԣҪ¯ڴ洢޾Ϊ˽ۣҲΪڵõСǧԤⷢ
εвٵջ񣬵õԴںϾԴõԶսԼ̷
ҶȿʼϸϸξջĶȻͼΪ߶һ⣬һֳ
âϱ䡭ڿԺúòһ£
ǴǸ֣âϱ䣬ʩɡ
߶֣ĵãϵӿԺ
˿˿
ھâϱУҶΧȻγһ˿˿ĹâԶزҶΧγһԲεĲӼ
ಡ
Ŀ⻺ӼԶʧصڣҶȴ𺳵Цƺкܴջ񣺡û뵽âϱ˵ãԪһңԶļԪǸʱʿŸոշչˣâϱ䡭
Ժĳƺص˺ܾõʱʱëѪҰӣԼе壬ΪΪеգûյĹâû
һֵ֪ʿۿձ仯򲢴âϱ䣬յĹâΪԴϵԣ֮ضâϽ𵤡
աйâĵطвâϡ
âϱľ裡
źǣûĲ֣ӦûпȫϾϹǸʱڣ̫ſʼ𡭡ԼֻĹ˵âϱѾһ
ͨĵõ˽⣬ԼãҶȶâϱ伸˽ࣺյĵطйââϱȷһϵֻǡ籾кڰڰвܵââҲкڰâϱйâûкڰעԶҲ
âϱ̫ķ֧̫ϵĹâϱֻǴӹâãںϵԣâϱҵĲ𵤣ǲ𵤣Ҳӵ֮󣬿ԶϵҲҲԲ
ã
ҶȿʼӵԼĵ֮һֱûɱ䣬ҶҲ֪һݱ䣬ǶôĲ˼飬֮˶ʣΪâϱȱͣӵ
âϱ䡢̫޼˻ס֮ɹ޽ȵȵһԼ֮
ҶȻվͬʧҶһʧھУص죬Ҷɳ
ڹɽ置纺뷽顢ʥ˽ӳȻ߶Сǧһ˻ʼѰСǧ֮á


1140 ҹ
޽֮أ·ƻδ磬ɳƯţ
δ𡫵δ𡫣
һжǾֹģ
Ȼ䣬һεѪ£ͬƵģ˸еļž
ಡಣ
һ׳˶ľˣǱѵطţٶھɽ磬Զܵ޽֮ѹƣ
˴ӱ䡢ڵշֳ಻ͬĳ࣬һͷԳ
һħ˺ۣħϸʴ˿ڣѪһЩ޷ѹа֮ϵӿС
Գħ
ͻȻһ顢ŮӺ촩
һɫĻһλŮ𽥷棬գʮֹɣֻûƵģڣΪﲻҵĶ֣Ƿˣ칬ķϣҲδɱ֣㲻ǷˣҲֻһ𷴿칬ǿ߰ˣ
Է˵ľˣǿߣԳħȻڱŮ׷Ķӣ㤵ػͷһ麹ֱð㵽˭ħ֮УôܣǿŮӴڣħһλ߹ϵһ棬׼ַ칬
һڵľͷͬһʥ飬ڶһŮ˵ҪǱ˼Ц
ŮȻٷԳħգ˭ҪǿħһϵҲδɱ֣ٲӵóͷ֮磬ȴӲ޽֮أ
ߣֱԱ˵ã
ͻȻԳħתͱȳ˸ߴ󼸱ɸߵ֨֨һʼͣգ۶ѣȻߴɣȫûһΣΪһͷ޴ĺëգͫͷǵ⡣
ôŮӷŻٶȡ
໡
Գħĺëգħ֮ʼ޽֮Ҳ΢΢𵴣ͻȻһǣԼĪҲһǳشСȻ˫ֻӶһǸ˹
ŮƳҲδǰһҾԳħһǣȻ޽֮УɽӰƣǣŮʹ
ÿֲϹޣ㳡ŮҲݡ
ԳħȻķұ֪ħڣѲǹȥħڣЩˣţ̲³
Ů̫СͬɽһֱײͷȴûдͷֺĶݡ
һǣһӣ·޽֮أץʲôصһаȼ˲仯Ϊһаȼս
ֻһа
ǵʱȫѹйâ֮ƣҪǰѹɲǣаȼյĽ
ݣ
꣡
ȼյаգаգγɾ޴ƶдаħ˫Ľʯݺն¡
Ϊ̶иˣаħƣƶذ˲г룬Ƭ׹ա
޾а񣡣
Ůװһг룬Ȼһִնа棬գھްԳħγɷסаɲǣаһУʣͳͳΪ˻ҽ
ͣ
ԳħȻһаѴŴպһӣӺ󱳲
ɣ
ŮӴа߳ڵϹ˿޷Ӱ죬ֻһץʹԳħָץһö䡣
Գħħ߽Ϻõķϣһѹģô꣬ռıҾͳͳˣ
õ䣬ŮӻΪһа棬ӿĻУԳħǰʧȥ
ɶ񡭡
Գħ÷ζ챬ըϧ޷һ£

ɽ磬ңԶ֮УĵӰԦԽһƬƬ㣬Զɽ硣
纣ٹãǾҪʱգѹǶԣѾûٵв
Ҷ纺ǰ顢ʥˣ˵ҳʿһһң˷š
纺˵ǵõСǧɽ㶼˲䵽Ҫ룬˵ĿԼǿ߶ԿǵʵһﵽԲһпǴ󣡡
ǡ
纺ƺڸҶȴΣ磬ǲǿߣɵ磬ʵȻͨ죬ҲɵֻҪɵ磬Ҫܵɵѹȣȥɽһģ
ԲţɵٵԿ󣬵õСǧ𣬳٣벻ʲôֹĲ
ѹƣҶ֪õСǧ
˼һ󣬾纺һ˵ص㣬һŨҵս⣺ҪͻƳۣȻѾ㹻ҪһЩСȥҹȣһڵǿߣ˷ǳǿΪܴﵽڵжΣҵʵ޷սʤȴҲ޷Σ־ͷʺĥУǿ߽֣ͻƹͷо޴ջ񣬵ȻֹһڣҲպ÷ʥһ
ˣǿսսѪӡ
ˣ֮ɷʥڴ˵
սһǶԿڣ
ԺǾʱʱ̸̿ߣǵս˿ֲսҶҲúãﵽۣõСǧ
Բڵĸ֣Ҳ޷սʤǡ
Сǧȥ裡
Ѿ仯Ҷ߶Сǧ֮ˣֱӴ󲻼ˡ
ڵ
Ϥս֮ӹʻ벻ˣͱ̫ľʻԶս뿪Լ֮У̫ľͼĸӰͬǴңԶգϴս
ˣ
ĵ⻪װ壬̫ľ̷ӭӡ
Ҷ纺ȼ߳ʥԭز˿ΧҶʮ˵Ŷ̶̼ʮ꣬ս޲ɣ
ȫ޲սٶǺܿ죬ڹΪˣòǨƬˣǾȥԪʱգ
̫ľҲ纺ʥʩȻȴҶ
Ҷȴ纺ιսԱߵ̫ľֱӳȥԪʱգǻҹȣ
ҹȣ̫ľ㵵ʵ
ǵģҪȥԸһǿĴڣͬһڣȥҲиǿ֣ݺҹȶ꣬ۼٵĲƸܷŹͷ
ֻǴʮ˵ã
뵣ģбԸаյģһǴӮҲ԰ȫŴ뿪˵б׷Ŵʱ򣬳һЩɿ֮ܵ⣡
ãȥߣ
̫ľٻɣתա
ԶսȻϹĴУֹ屦ǲӦʧ̫ɽ˵Ȼڲϵĵ̫죬ɽǾ޴Ӱ죬ӰµӦֿݽ򣬻ԽԽ࣡
Ҷȴ£纺ҲΪԶսĹģ̾
Ҳ⣬ʹǾ䣬ҲľԶսֻܱȡ޾ʯȥҹȻһЩӣǺúýȥ
Ҷȴ߶뷽ʥϸһͬգ̫ľһһ⣬۾
ԶսҶˣؿҹȡ


1141 ս
ԶսղһЩζ
Ҷ纺߳գͼǰ𽥳ĻʱգγһƬԽƬʱգĻʱա
Զսڴۣζ𶯣װ壬ѾǰԵĻʱա
ûã籩գһ޴ĻʱգϤسҶ̫ľǰǻҹȡ
ȻƬգԶսսԹ۱ǣ
ͷžԴ˲䱣纺ʥɳԶսΧ籩̫Եѿ˺ڳۡ
뿪սҶȾ̫ľúýһΪֹϴϹ׷ɱͻ䣬ҶȽ̫ľԪһ֣Ҷаղ⣬޳ͨ϶飬ʱпܷ仯
һ׼̫ľʻԶսѰصգҶ򼸸ҹȡ
Լܿ϶ǵڼνҹȡ
ڿҹһɲǣҶѾûеһڴ򾲣һξʧܣ￪ʼҪԲ
ķ籩סС𡭡
뷽ʥұҶ纺ܵ籩Ӱ죬̬ͨķȻҪ顣
ҪСģ籩𻹿ԵֿУͷǳֲԵޱߣ԰Ȼ󱻴Ȼɱ
Ҷ׵ͷȻ߶䣬һƬӰзɳʣĶʮˣһ֮󣬶ںɵɵǶţɵݺᡣ
ʱӦһ£ӦЩڵĴڡ龻֣
ڻҹȻ˽⣬ǻ칬˶쳣ǿϴΪޣĴֽȳƻɹõʬ뿪
˫սǺͣͲ֪ˣ
龻ִҶ˫֮䣬γһ޵Ӱջҹȵĸס𡢷籩ͳͳҲС
ˡ
֮˫뻺شͨĦײ˴ҶҲ¶ĪЦݣ칬Ȼҹȣ°ʹͷһǿߣƺϢʧˡҲã°ʹͷҲʲôˣӦûص˵°Ͳ䣬ԶǷ֮أ֮٣
ջ񣿡纺ʵȻ࣬ȴĸ壬Ҷһֱ׷
ӦִڣΪҹߴ֮һҲΪǿˣ칬˶Ʋ磬ҹȣ֪ӻԪʱգȡٵıʮֶ̣ͨϴνõǵĲϢǿ޴ӣ
Ҷһ֣ʮˣ纺ҹȥԽһΣķĻʱղ㣬𽥼һƯ½ء
½س֣Ƿ׷׾̾ѣȻǾ壬Ļڻɵʿ¶ɫܳγɴ½
޽֮γɴͬС죬Ժ̤޽֮أԼʳ磡
Ҷ΢΢شʱѾ½ϷһӡС칬ĹʯǶڽ֮ǰƺˣ롣
Ҷȱ´﷨תоˣ顢ʥǴŴңǱ֮УԸǿ칬Ϊڳ϶ˣӽв㣬ʵףߣ
ǣˣ
죬Ҳһʩɢһȥ粻ͬ򣬻ʩչԣǶ칬ء
Ȼоɱ䣬ҪԸڸ֣ҲһЩѶȣɱսܳɳ纣ȥ̣ǿߣҵսʵ⣬۵̷ȷκβңں˾Դ绢ңҹȣ̫ӣͷűԴϢ칬ǬҲ޷ӦҵĴڣԷһһǾͷ̫޼˻
𽥷칬һ㸴ӵĻʱա
ԽһףʱգԽҹȵ룬Ҷȼ򲻵ѣ֣ܳܲй֮
纺ֳԽӵ侲֮ԹǶ۾һδ׷ɱͲһŮӣͬξһ㣬ͷõģԸڣú֮ģҲԣֹ֣֮ߣ
ҶȲ˵ʲô纺Ϭ߶Դκס籩شԽ
𽥵ģһ칬½޴һƯ½һĻʱ֮С

ͣڴ½֮ϣҶȿɲУܵƣԻͷһ⣡
ţ
ϢոͷţһƺǱڴ½Ĺߣѹ
Ȼ޵Ϣʱʱ̿̿¶ڵңζ޵İɣ
˶߱ĸо̫ܣԶҲǣ㲻룬ҶҲ֪
ԲŴڣһЩ޵Ϣոͷţͷˡ

ĺЦʮ̶ִӡ⡣
Ҷǰһ纺ǰζĴ½磺ţ˼ǵõѾںϵһβʣ
Сӣĺãʡñʱʱ̿㣡
Žһһ۵Ļż֣ӽӿͬˮޡ

ֻһˢˢҶ纺Χס
Ȼ㣬һҹȣδԹСӡҴҵ⣬һ顭޲һڰҶȳԵ
ҶȵǺһƳΧɣ֮䣬һʧߣʧߣ㣡
ãϣԼ֡
ˣ۷Ϊ֪ҶȲǳۣó֣ҶȾͻǰ
Ǿ
֣ȻҲ֪ҶȵͨˣҵǣһҰɱ
Ҷ纺·Ƶģűɱ
ಣ
պɱҶ纺ȴڸ߿Ĳˣ
أ
Ȼֹ
֪ˣ⸴ӵĻʱգƾʧɽʱգһҲ⣬ͬٶͨ׷Ҷȵٶȡ
ǣڻʱգǿɲ븴⡣
ɶ񡭡ң
̣ƺڲҶȵͨȥ磬Ϣٶȡ
ͣ
Ҷ纺ʧող֮ͻأشֲӺ󷽣ҵش̳âǵĲӣѪַ֮£һá
Ƽ

ͬʱһֻͷֻģնգڻֻʱһµҶȣƵֳֳ֮
ϴŨҵսϢ
㾿Ǻˣ
˴ʱòԼĲ¼ɣҶԲһɵۣôͨ
ɵ˲ɱڳۣ
˵Ҳڣ
˭
Ӷ֮Χֳѵķ̬ǺǣβҵϣҵǿԸ㣬Ȼ֮ҲȻ֪
ãụ́ƣ
ͻȻ֣


1142 ɵڵս1
׻ҹȶƿ˫۽գһԲҶȴƶ
ৣ
½Ȼ͵˶γɰˮվϷˮСҶȡ
¡
ͬʱںˮ֮ǰһ޽类纺ڽ󷽣ǰҶڴһ˵Ʊը֮ͬΧըȻɵʮԲڳ⡢ڡ
ڵĸоһͷڱߡ
ٿ
ȫԾҶҲ溳ƵĹʩչԪλΪλӰƼ١
Ԫ
½ӿϻʱոӵĺˮҶʧǰһУҶѾ£ŻԴΧ޵ӿһ޽
޵ˣɹϹǿ߹չֳȻ֮ĲʢһաϢ޵ģҶȵУͲ޵˵Ĵޣǡ١ʵϵ޹
ݣ
ʱɫ࣬˷ʤϺϢʮѸͣʱѾΧ֮С

һϮ߿գƾһ޽֮УûҲ΢΢𶯡
ΪȻĸ֣ﵽжΣȴħ칬°ʹͷˡЩҪǿһ֡
޽ûҶֵֻЦݣ̻Ӷ˫֣ʼһδɣΧɣȻƾŲƣһһŻವطȥ
ֱͨǶɵȻĸãԳħסһǣһ
û뵽Ϊ˵ͣȴȻõ˴졭ɵԶҲ޷ȣڶȻƿذɣ
޽֮УӿһʱǰһʩչȻ
ҲһΣΧĸ߿գƺһ㣬ȻҶͷŵȻոտҲֹͣ
ֻǿʼ
ָ֮䣬ȥҶȵƿȻ˫ִһӡΧ߿ջΪȭӡȭӡٲҶ̸Ƕȥ
ҵʵֻܴﵽ۷壬ȻܿһڣкԵĲ࡭ɵ۶Ȼƿڣһһأ
ҶһʩչԪһʧΧΪεƿؽ̫ᷨ磬һСģͻС
룬Ҷ̸߸ߵطʧһԽȻɳ㣬һƬ׻ʱ֮С
Ӳˣ
ȭӡҶʧĿռ䣬һƬңһݷŭҶʧռһЦһҲŷɳʱա
ﵽǻ׵㣬һ֩״ڸ߿ղϵ֣ԵηȻӴ죬ǰһҪض
ƽ飡
̤ƬʱգƺѰҶڣȻ֮ʱҶȴ󷽸߿ո߸Ծ¡
Ҷֳƽ飬Ȼ׹⣬ͷͨڸ߿ǿǣһֲ״˳ƽ
ף
΢΢һ㶣׶˵ǲȥȫ֮Ϸһ֮
ñ
꣬ͬӿ֡
ʱҶȼԦҲպ
ͣ
ϢҪԽʱҶŵø߸ԾֻԶںϣԭһƬ״˲䱻һ㡣
Сô֮ˣ֮δʶֹϵϹͥ٣
ͨ˻ףаһЦȻҶȣȥΧ߿һֲͬѹȥ
ֲûݺҹȣԭ˴˵еһɵԪҪϧʧ֪ٸ¡
֪ΪܳΪƬȵİҶƽ飬Իô
ٶȣ
ͬʱɭɭһЦȻչֳھٶҶȻδǰͳһŤӰһΪһצѻʱտռ䣬Ѿóһѷ졣
ǰԵ
ܣ
ٶ̫죬Ҷ֪ʼһֳ̬գŤצݺץ

㲻ֻܷҪôҶȿɲôʩչԴ߶ҪԼʵȥ
צԵץڷϣץ֮ͬʱҶɫ΢䣬ȻŤӰſʼ趯ƵģͬڴһָһΧҶչܼĹ
ᣡ
ٶȡȫ֮ͬǰҶȵһʱȻͷųһӡֻҶȫܿΪ˽ɫƤëסͷͫһɽơ

ͬʱųΪˣҲչһ׾׵ȭ״ĪԿҶǰʾ
ʩչ޽壬һϴ޽屾ʮְԵҲ̺
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ΧֲĴŤҶȽɫ˫֣ΰڣʼԿȻ濹⡣
Ϲ
ڲԶƺճһӰͬӰһסҶȵŤƺӰڹΪ𾪵̾ڣû뵽ŨҵϹϢĪϹͥ
ӵϹϢһҪϹͥʿɣ
ͬ߶ȣͨͨҶĴһ䣬Ȼǰ߳Ļɫֱˡ
֪иǿ
Ȼܼ֣ñʩչֶСӣסԪʵӰ֪նɱǿߣ
˵ȻͷճŵĺɫӰȻӰӰӣӰűչͬĶ
ӰҲйͨ
Ҷ۾סȻ֮治УӰҲУԦ˼ķ
ԪʵӰҵĺڰ׾࣬ԪƵͨͨԪ񣬿Ӱӣ˳Ծ
أҶҲʼ׼ʩչͨڰ׾ıĹԪ񹥻Ҷȵǿ
ţպײҶȵˡ
Ӱӷ񣡡
ӰӣŤģȻҶΧŤӰȻںһγһʵʵһģһӰӡ
ңӰӲбŤģǻбվʮֵľ޴ӰӿʼѳһӰӣÿһӰӣħһצģǺӰצһɶ೤
Ԫܣ
ҶҲܿ˶Կ˼룬뵽ýײϺڰ׾ԪƲܡ

һӰҶΧˣӰӣҶҲнײ
Ӱޱߣ
裡
ʩɹ׻ʱո߿գͬʱ߶˴˹һƬһӰӣľɷĲܣͫⲻϱ仯£ӯײһһӰӣһףڸ߿տʼ໥չɱ


1143 ɵڵս2
žžž
¡¡¡
Ӱ벻ףΪһǿͬս˫չ춯صĶԿҿռ׶òʧ·Ƭ㣬顣
Сô˾׵һ˿˿ԣĪһߣ
ӰӪ󷽣üͷĹͨȻûκҶȣԷҲʩչͨͥ⡣
ɻƺҲҶһЩ
ȥ˵ĥãʩչַãͬʱ
Ӱɱڣ죬˫Ŀߣȴʮֵ侲ҶڲͣƲʱ嫵Ԫ񣬿˴ƬףʮףȻΪԪޱߣҶ̫Ӧ֣û˿С
ԪͳͳҶȵơ
ҶȺܾû˴ʹԪ޷ʩչ޼˻ףȻҲʩչڰ׾
˿̣ӰһͬȺħ裬һǲΪӪ˭Ҳûռˣ˫϶ȥƺţһɵۣȥ
ɶ񡫡
ڣ۵ùǺҷҶȾȻ˿񲻻ţֱһ޵гС
ȥɲǰ취һɫǰӰӿʼûӰӻΪһӰſ죬һ֧֧ӰӺڹ⡣
סƣ
޽һһ⻤壬ҶȲδ̫żıսԣʩչһ׿ܣͷȥ
ĸı䣬һֵѹơ
䡫
׿ҪסӾ޴ӰӿУӰӺڹ⣬ȫ޷⣬һ֧ڹ⣬˲ͻһ׿ܣҶͫͷԪڼٱ仯ȻӰӺڹĶ֡
ݡ
ţƯڻǰĺӰӰӺڹ⣬ٶȿһֹͬҶ׷ɣ춼ǣֱҪԴҶ޴ӣһɱΣҶȻᱻ˺÷顣
̷
£ʩչԪϢظ߿գȴҲ޷뿪߿գڹ֮У̴߶̷ϡ
һǷ
Ŀ⣬ȫ̷ɱһڣҪ֪ڻԪʱգ֪ӴٵԣҲߣһۣͿ̷ǲһ
¶ƻ̰Ŀ⡣
ꡭ꣡
һӰӺڹݺҶȾ֮УԽһӰӺڹ⣬ЩӰʵͨһʩչĹҲһַͬ
һ˲飬ôǴ޽壬Ҳᱻơ
ʱȥҶȾƾ飬ɹһ޷Խ۷壡
޾ڰ
Ҷٶ̫죬Ѿ¡
ʧȥЧ޷ѹҶȣͻȻƳХǰƯӰӣһεһƾϹħͷ
޼򷨹һ𣡡
Ŵһӡ

ֻǰǾӰӰӺڹ⣬һͬޣΧҾҲսȥ
ֱǳԽڵ̫ͨףڷ֮еҶȣ·ʲôµҪһ
СģķӰΧ֮󣬲δӣֱΧչ
ȻһŮҶԺ
ȷǰѻƼˣӼˣҧˣοһߣ纣Ҫľ澳澳֮УҲ
Σ֮ʣ纺Ҷио̤ʵˣһˣΧ纺ˣǰǹ¶һˡ
ͻͻͻ
գۼ䣬˫ֲϱ仯ǰӰֱһĻʱֱǰѻҿռŲ֮ͨУȻҶȡ
ͿкܶĻҷ籩һһ飬һƬһƬӰһʱգƺˮһӿҶȡ

̾Ϣ̾ϢҶҲ֪ʲôΪʵǿĹѾﵽȻĵز

ֻѡ߶ڵܣӳڷ֮ϣҪǿ
¡
һƬӰֱӾҶڵգȫߵǱ飬̷Ȼӳ֣ǿʼ׵飬ҶУš
ͻͻͻ
Сӣ֮أǱ޷µԶǸֵ磬һССɵֻۣΪʳ⣡
ԤһĻҶȲܿͨʩչ֪ͨնɱǿߣݺʱնꡣ
һɵۣ޷Ը
Ϊ˲ҶٴߣӰӣһΧĻգѴӰ֮УȻںѹֱӶŻǱߵҶȣһƬƬȻ
ֱܿǿߣȻ
ʵʵһ棬ӰӵĳԪʵӰӰǿĸԴ
ڣ޷ԦȻһڣ¶ǻҹȵ֮ףˡ
ˣ
籩УҶѾȫҪ̫ѣԵĲһˣһƬƬջȻ֮⡣
ȥУƿصԪʵӰǿԲκѹںȻգͿиıλãйʵ̫춯أšֻʩչз򣡡
һƬƬջӰҶɫӲ԰ףȥ̫Σ뱻ֻзһѡ
з򣡡
δȫᣬҪһֹǰ̴߳߶ͨǴȻҲκʽĹ֮ϡ
ꡫ
һ˳ʱУͬв࣬ʼҶʱҶѾ޷ȫ
ӿߵУѹڻһ飡
͡
ʱ޽屩¶ӿȻ£ס籩˺ҶȣɿӿΧʱĦγɵĦ֮ииҶȡ
ֻǼ޽ʧˣ¶ͨȻһס籩˺ĿĵѪۣ֮壬ǿҲʼˡ
Сӣͺúֶܱΰɣ᲻ȥԶ޷֮ǰʹ࡭
ҶˣƺҲ˿ҶȻܼ֣Ҫš
һɵۣôܶԿߣ
ɽʱգ
һʩ۵ǼӰһƬƬʱյЦӰԵ޼ɵ

ͻͻͻ
ڣһƬƬĻʱסҶȵںϣһµĿֲƶ֮췭ظһʼĥһЩʯʡ
ǿʵǿ˶
͡
Ȼ䣬зڼչҶȼ״̬£µĻΧ̫࣬Ҷȷ·˾޵ĶӣΧǾ޻䶯θ
һδӿҶͱʵѪ۰߰ߡ
зҲʧȥϢҶסʹ࣬ȫ߶һʩչΧӿ
ʱֻм֣
ȥϣһ߳澳ҵƽ취


1144 ɵڵս3
򣡣
޴УȥֵȻƶ֮
Ȼֻз֮ѡ
зҶɵʮ۷߶£Ȼʱպзֹ̺˲Ϣ򣬼ַ໥ϣʹзδ澳ʧ
򣬲ΧתҶڣһҶȵγһѭ״̬ѽߡ
УҶƲӣƤѪڣȻûо˵˺ۣȥҶȿ»汻ʳ顣
С
ӰӣһֱҺҶһһȻ֣ҶỴ̄棬ΧܵѹԽԽ΢ǲҶΧУϵ󣬾ȻγһƣҶȲ˺
ѵǡ򣿡
һԸţһɵۣƿط򣬻ڡڣҲƿضٷ
ţΣǱڰ뾡취ȡ棬˲ɱһΪͷҪұ
ͻȻ˫ȭһһ֣ӰӾͼɻʱҶȵľ޴ͻȻҲûһ˿ɱ
ӰΣ
ԼȻʮָ򻢿ڣͫһڵ⣬źһƬʮָ״ĺɫӿҺҶϷѹȥ
ǡǷ
Ϣıˣ
ǿ֪Ҷ̧ͷһǺӰʮָΣɫ˲䣬ͨзһķͨ
ڳۣѾղַڱȻʮǿõøӴ죬ܱķ
Ȼ֮䣬ʩչ򣬰Χֱ̫¯֮Уʼ߶̫ͨ¯

ڣ̫¯ǰӡ״̬ͻȻڣĻҸӿ룬ʼȼա
̫¯ڷ磬ҶԴı֤ҲƵйؼȼһκʣȻתҶҪ
򣡡
ӡҶȿʼΧĻʱգԭƺˮӿȻֱڣӰ
У
Χͻ󲿷ֶ̫¯ܷܵٴᣬָ״̬
Ȼ
Χз̬ʼɢѻʱջУ÷ƵĿռ䣬ڲϵ졣
ʱϷʮָӰΣҲڽ
¡¡
зԵĦһʱ䱬ѵ֮ɷ򣬳ԽκͨͬȻ磬ڻ֮У
ڹȻ򡭡
ʮָӰҪѹзҶڱз򱣻ѾɵΧǻҺо֮УֻʮָӰδڣΨһĴڣָоǷĽо
Ҷδ÷򣬿Ҫùˣ
ɷ֣ıҺ𽥷˫ֲʩݺѹʮָӰΣѹз򣺡û뵽һССɵۣܰѷõ̶ֳȡñ⣬ϣһܰɣ
Ҳû뵽ʵǿ̶ֳȡǰҶ֪սҪĽ׶Ρ
ÿһУÿһ̺ɱС
ϧľ̫ƿطȫȥԦڣȻ÷ȥȻǿȥγɷ˵ףķֻȴԿȻñֻܰᶯƴСʯ飬ԣᶯĴɽ
ǿ󣬲ԭΪҪøǿ󣬶һɾң
ݺɽ꣬Сӣɣ㼬ֶٱĶ֣Ҳ㾳̫ͣ㣬˺õһϾ˵ܣʺϱղأڶԪ
Ҫõҵɴûһˣܳɹģ
ᵽģھ֪ʲôǾʲôڵӰޱ߷򣡡
һԻ֮󣬻ʮָӰκ󷽣ϵͷţȻڲӿȼհĺӰʮָӰЩӰʼںϣܿӰγհľ
˲䣬һ޴ĺӰ򣬼ռݻʱһ磬ҶѾ޴ӣȫӰ硣
ڵķ򡭡ںϣ
źӰ磬·𱻻˶һԶ߲Ĵ
ڼʹ˳ҲӲ磬ڱһַڴˣȻ̷ôķɣ
չֳԵڲеһͿ˲˺ɵָۣͷͿ˲ɱڳۣƿǾ޷ġ
ˡȻĶ֣
Ҷʱɫ
飡
΢΢ػָ֣ſ·Ҷȣ΢΢ָһץҶΧӰʱͬʯҶȡ
꣡
ӰȻӿֲܷӣȻʼ飬ΧзתٶҲ

Ҷ˫ַ·𱻲סһ㣬ΧӰһɽ֮ȫ磬Ҷѹ÷򡢷ڲʧ
¡
߹ޣȻѹ飬ը
ͣͣ
ţҶ¶ںӰ֮£񱻼ƵģκʧˣıȱڣӶ΢΢ΣѹҶ˲һѪȻֽ˺ü
ٿٿ
зҲʼܲס˺嫵ʼʧ
ǿҵķ򡢷ͳͳǶ֣Сʱ˿̣ҶڿԼǿ֮Ĳ࣬ǰնɱڣ㲻ϸ֣޷ȼ硣
ȥҪѹΪΪұƳʩչ̫ͨһ

ҶȲòʩչͨӡڲ̫һԼѪʼϯ֮С
̫¯
̫һ˲Ѫ˲俪ʼָ˵Ҷȷʱˣ̴߶̫¯ͬʱ̫һٴʩչֻΧĺӰʼ޷ֹסӿҶȵ
Ȼ磬ҶȽѹ飬ôҶҲжʹ߶̫һͨͳͳա
ţ
̫ԾˣԼѹڼüһʱɫԼ߶ʮһһһҶڣƺҶȲУͿ˵
һ˲顣
ÿзʽһҲһгȻҲǲͬģͻȻһ壬ͻ޷СƵ³
Ҷƫƫ࣡
ջ޼ɵںϣýӡֱӳͿʼգֱϹޣѣѾר
û뵽СӻͨĪʲôķֱ
Ҷĳ뵽ģҶͨģڵıɵġ
һɵۣôͨڶ
ʶҶȸ־ͨţһɵۣôܿôܳܵס
һ䣬ɱͻȻٴӿ֡


1145 ڤ
ңȥҲǰ׻ʧģ֪ҵĸֶΣһʹɱС
ӿ֮С
Ҷ̰ΧӰ̫¯ѾӵЩѾҶȲԼУѴﵽɵʮ״Բ״̬ԼܸܵȻǵ
ʹȻʩչͨΪܵȻеȻ÷ţ뷨в˼Ľһڣͱѹ
Ȼ˽ĸ࣬һַ֮УʹȻֱ󣬿֧䡢Ȼﵽ˵е˺һͬľ硣
ʱ˿̣ʩչ̫¯һΪԼһ棬ҶȾջﵽɵʮԲһɵ۵״̬ԸܵԼϢȻϢ
ʼعͨ
һѾﵽ۵ĸ߶ȣʱͻƳۣǻҪһЩ򣬲սۡ
ڤ򣡣
Ӱʱգ֮

Ҷüͷһ壬ȻῴԼ׻գȻʩչһһڵߣڻԪʱնߣȻһˣ˽á
£յս
ƽûãķ칭ȵȺôãˮˮãδںϣһ߶ȥпܱƿأߣ
ڼҶôԼȥԿֻмжԿʱ
Ȼӵвʺҵģֻƽ飬Ȼо䡭ˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷüչ·뵽һܺõİ취Ը֣սʤĶ֡
ȻǲսʤֻʩչǿС
ڤСӣҵ֮£Ҳң񲻳ˣ֮£
Ӱ뷨ȻûʧҶȹԸѾģڻһϣƯһСԴĻҺɫ壬ǿҵԡ
һ֪һ
Ƴǿҵԣȴûκε֮ƺֻһһװζѡ
ô򵥣̷̫࣬ƽǿ౶Ҷֱ̾ڤڤ֮УҶ֪һһͬѰ
ԶԶԽƽ飬̷䣬ӵȲǸ
һҶȣٱ꣬һףܼҵĻڤˣҲˡģҲԶس˯ȥΪ˽꣬ʮǰʮڳۣ̤Ԫʱգ磬Ѱʱеˣ֮£ãӹһ٣˳ӴˣҵĶ֣ڣҺ޵֣

Ҷȶʱƿԣ𺳻𺳣ڤ򣬹ͨͬѰһȥԿĥ˫˺õӦóΪҵķã
һõһ䱦
Ҷȿɲֱˡ
ԭͨԿ룬ȻԽǻڤһڤ򣬲Ҳһ˵ɣ
ڤ϶Ȳʩչ˵Իڤɺܴ𺦣ǿҶ
ҲųɾͻľţСӣɲȥֱɱ㣬ҵղƷɣһ¾
̧֣·Ҫ߶ǹĽ
Сǧ
Ҷȶʱһӡ
ಡ
֮ʣҶͻȻͻΪһ⣬ӻ֮Уٵƿնȥ
ܣôܺҵ磿ҶߣͷŸǿڳۣУ粽УǻҶߡ
ųȥ
ֱеĺӰʩչ˲ƵٶȣҶ׷ȥʧڻʱС
þû˵֮УǺǣǿ򣬳ڵ򣬲пֹСǧڣҲܣСǧӵֻ꣬Ҫܵ꣬ԷֻǲǱǱ𣬾Ҳ޷ң赲Сǧ
ɳʱգҶȾĶӣȫطʱգƺѰʲô

һٵľӰɳ۶ǲơ
˺У
֪ɹٵĻʱգһֱڻҹзȥҶʩչ̷һֲʱ̷Ƭʱա
ʧʱ֮Уһ޴˺С
ɵȻȻ໥ѭš
ٺ٣ǻڤȷѵõ˵ľԶԶǣҾʶʶʲôǾ޽е
ҶȾȻûƿ˺УǴ߶̷ֱ˺֮С

ոս룬˺ѵҶȽܷʮּ̣ʱҶȡ
һ޴ʱͨʱһͬ룬˿ֲ˺·ͷһ޴У±ǸɣҲᱻ˺÷顣
䣡
˺йԣ·޴׹䣬ҶͻȻתѿʼ飬Ҷžвûߣ˫һӣһö䣬ͻȻɳͣ˺УκӰ죬ȻͷţҶʩչӡʧʧĸ߿գһɸӿ¡˵
Ϊ˺оͿ赲ҵĲ
˺ڴ׷УһЦʱͷž˵ķԾС
Сӣ
ոŲٵʣ˺֮УķҲ˺γۣǼҶ·ѡʹģͲΣգɭɭطȥ
ĺã
Ѿ·ӵҶȣȴ·˼թЦݡ
ڤ򣡣
ǻҲ⣬˺иı䷽УǰżʯƬ½Ƭһͬ·޴С
̫նɱҶȣһӣеĻڤ򣬷һƬƬסǰʲ㡣
ٿ
·ҶȣҲ۾ʶʶڤ
ǻڤȻۣ뼸ƬϷ˼ıһԵķâֻĽɫ꣬ɽ֮
飬һƬɳ
ݡ
䣡
Ȼʣ̵ʯּʣһƬֱɨͳΪ꣬ҲΪ˳
Ե̫ǿˣһ͵˫¹꽣Ҫǿ
ʣ˲ͻڽ£ҶȶЩĿɿڴ
Сӣ㡭Ҳᱻڤ˺ʣ
޼ɵҶȣƺɵΧΪУлڤͬǻҶȣݺݵظȥ
ߣٵ⣬֪ɣ̰ɱˣҺѹˡҶͻȻ˫ֻڰлӶ


1146 һ

еҶȣѾ߶䣬ǵĻ𽥷߿ա
ᣡ
ǻڤѾҶȲʮ֮ʣҶͻȻ˫һϡ
ٿٿٿ
ԭͺܾ˵ͻȻѻֻһ·һ֮У˾ʹž㵣ʧ֮С
̷
ҶȲƣϴ߶̷ΣյУʼڿշȥĲϸѹ̷ܵѹȺ٣Ҷȣʮη֮УǿҪʧѷпӷ˳ȥ
Σ
һӰҶȷɳһֱڰҶ̵纺
ҶȺ̷ָ˲ʧ纺£Ҷ̤ʵҡͷЦܵ˺СҲĺܶ࡭þ䣬ѻУ
ȷΪе۷壬ںʵ࣬ңҪɱҲҪ߶֮ģĻڤǿ治öԸ
Һо䣬ϴδ߶䣬аУɹƷһΣȫѹģֻܿ⵽һ̶ȣСǧ䣬Ķ֣ڣһС޷նɱڵǿߣ֮󣬲棡
ԴҲһ˲ܿʵãѹǿУΣص㣡
ţʵǿҲֲķȻ纣ǾȻصĵ̣úϢҲȴ顢ʥǵĺϢҪԸ칬սҲˣ
ã
纺Ҷƴӣûκε
ٴͷ̷ΧˣҶǣ֣˲߶һĶʧսϢĻʱա
ҹȵ룬ӰһнĻҺɫ½֮С
׵أҶʶɽϣһĹҶ纺һ
תҹȵˣʧˣڻ̣ûһ˵Ϣ
صҶϾͷŽ磬Ѿ佻纺ˣ߶֮󣬷֮С
ʲôط
һӽŭ
ڤ򣬸ƣ
Կռ΢΢һֻǱžѹ޷ж΢΢ضһӣߵϢߣѾѹ޷ѹϢ
Ϊ磬ɵ磬κ˶ܵѹơ
ݡ
һ򣬴ڷɳȻת£һƬԵâĽ꣬ȴԿռݺᣬԿռûб߼ʣҲûʣһƬڻ£Ĵݺᣬûһ˿á
̫뿪ֻ·⣬ڿҲֻǿһ¶ѡ
νķ
ҶȴӸ߿շ磬ݺᣬ·ΪĻҶȵЦļʶӦ֪ʲôط
ڲ̧ͷҶȣ㲻ɱڣһԹ
ǵģ磬һ޷ĻڤҲ𲻵κεã޼£
ڻƽеĸ߿գҶȸֶ
𣡣
ͻȻӻͫٴαŨҵɱԱߵĻڤವطҶȣȻ󱬷ɫꡣ
ಡ
ǣոձҶȾһΧԣΧ·Կռһ㡣
ˣ
ԭٶȾˡĽ꣬޷һ£ֻ΢΢𶯣֮
һȫƿˣ
˰ɣˣɣħҲ޷˵ҷֺˣҴһУҵƿţ
ҶȻֶɵ΢Цš
û뵽һյõıҲհڱ֮СϷ¶һǷϡ
֪㲻ҲĶ֣ʮңĶֻ֣ǰҵķϣǷӵߣң㻹ǰҵϣʵʵΪã㻹лָɵһ죡
ҲԸأ
ǲ˼ҶԴˣĴʿĲпᣬղŹ㣬ھǾԼĻ·һȥ𣿡
֪㲻ᣬҲǸԸΪӵˣԡ֪³ֻ·һ

ˣ
ҶһЦû뵽ѽ֣ʵҿԲɱ㣬ȴʹ³УҪʹࡢ̫࡭ҵֶΣģ㣬һжҵļƻ֮У
㡭ڣû׷㣬նɱ죬Ļһߵǡ
ֻɱ
ҶӾ磬ţշΪУ̫ľɾ⣬ǿĸ֣뷨ʵ֡
ˣ˼롣
ȻҶȲ̫ľɾǰ뷨ȥԴж뷨
ͬһ£ڲͬǰвͬĿ
һͨͬˣ֮󣬻вͬЧеˣܴзڲͬĵطԽߡ
ͬΪıҶҡҡͷһ֮ԱǣҲȥ뷨ȻӳϣҪΪ뷨ȥҪʲôҲȥҵģǰʲôǣ㻹ǺЦϣ
ɱҰɣһߵͷ
κη籩ıķ
ҪҪҾʲô
ҶȻ¶伥ЦҪ֪Զûʸ񣬶һȨҵϣҲߣߣҸ㻭һȦֻԶתȦȦҸһ飬ֻܳΪе֣һУԶֻһ֡

ڱ˵ƿУ˭Ը£οǿߣˣʱ˿֪Ҷʲôˡ

ͻȻŭ޷ĻȻԻˡ
ϲط֣ɡ㵵ؿ˷ǣǣ
ҸᣬɱңܲܰջᣬǾͲҵˣ
ҶĮȻ˵
úãڤ򣡣ھ뾫Ĵδĥ󣬷·ҶħҲȥ侲ǣ̴߶ڤ
УֻɱҶһͷ

Ҷ˵꣬Żڤҡͷ£ҶͷһԷӡؽȻӿҶȵġ
ǺǣɣҪɱңȻɱҵĵֲɵӣɣ
ҶȹЦȴЦһкܴҪۣҪܶྭۻڸֽ֣Ӿõķףһӳҵģ
ԭҶҪûһеĹߣ

ʱ䣬ؽɴҶȶ֣ȻҶ޷ѹƣҶȲδ˸ıռȻҪڻѹ£ƿ


1147 Ψйڰ
ռڣʱʱ̶̿ǺӰѹ죬Ӱͨ׷ҶȽһ춯صնɱʵ̫⣬ҶĿĵ˺ۣǾ䣬ڻʩչ޵йʱҶȱԿռ䣬Σһһȥ
ڻ
ưԻҹȶߣѾʧȥңΪĹߣֻɱҶһͷңħ
ֽ֣ҲҶҪģֻ˻ŻԸһֱֱָۣʶնɱΪֹ
ûʱģҶȼÿһ֣ﵽʮֱ꣬꣬һˣŽˣٴζ
ڼ䣬顢ʥȾ˿飬ǳɹ칬նɱͬʱĸ֣ԭ칬Ը°ʹͷˣԼǿߡ
գһͳҹȣȻƻţٴν磬Ѱһҽ𹬡
ԻЩڸ֣칬Ѿˣ֪ҽ𹬵ĴڣôһӶΪūϧ̰Уٹ̡
ֲ°ٻأҲŹȥʮꡭˣζջ˺ܶ࣬Ѹᣬ໥ںϣԪ֮ͨУޣһâϱ䣬֪ͨںϣý𵤲εȵı仯
ҶƯھ̳ϿգΧ˻ӰͱѹԿռ䣬ԼҶвٵ˺ۣȻڻָҲǺ΢΢١
ɵʮ״ԲҶ̫Ѿ㹻ھҲ࣬Ҷȼһ
ӷ֮Уӿġ
âϱҪԽΪԴȪ󲿷ͬȴ⣬͵⣬磬ʢʱЧѾˣɹâɣâϽ𵤣âϽ𵤵ھڵһգԶͷŹââϱںƼԶԽ𵤡з
һâϽ𵤣һա
ҵĲ𵤣Ӧþʵ桭
ԱһâϱľâϽ𵤣޸âϱ֮
û㣬âϱǼΪͨĹ
汾һƬ磬Ϊâγ壬âϱһƬ磬ͨչâɱ䣬Ϊâ档
̫ǹâǹĹᱻڰâϱӹ֮УչеĹâӵڲգԿڰ޼˻ŵǱ£ںϵ޼˻ף̺˹âڰ޼˻ԺڰΪ̫ԹΪںϣǹڰںϣ
ҶȰյĸ߼ͳͳóԱһͨںȽϣҶȺȻ˾޴ջƺ˲Խʵ
ޣӺڰеһʯ֪ںڰƯ˶֪꣬뺮䡣
ѰҹԴͷ̫žĹ
޼˻ǺڰģԵĸ֣ǿĵڰ޼˻ףźڰĳУҲ޼˻ױһֻԺڰΪڣڸ˹ڰбڰֵһС
һŴһŴԶĺڰ١
޼˻׻޷̫ȣ̫׷ڰ磬޼˻ȴںڰдڣǻᱻ̫ɣڰʼջ١
ҶϺȻһЦݣһϣõڰִУվھ˵ļϣеʿ壬ҪøԶ䣬ֱֻԴ
һ֣
һ֣ڰ
ʱ˿ͨâϱ䣬֪ԼжôңҲӵûеͨͨĴУŬֻռһ롣
̫ǹ޼˻ǺڰҵĲӦþ̺ڰ磬ǹͨصҵǻ磬ôҵĲ̺ڰҵ̫һպþǻУĴڣԲڰֿγɹҿ໥ɣùڰ桭
ʮȻĿǰ֪ǺεȵĴڣȴеغģڻеҲһԣʮգҲᱻɡ
̫޼˻סʮ١ЩеͨʵΪѰһܣˡˡǽЩ߼֮£Ǹ߼ͨĲ࣡
ôҵĲӦҲȥ׷ٻܣܵһ޻еκһǡѰеʹӹڰʼҵĲ׷ܣΪ
ǧ磬Ҳǵһ뵽Ĵڣǰйˣߣ׷Ѱǰߵ㼣̫޼˻һΪͨڰ񼣣Ѱҳܣﵽڣ

һ񣬲֪ȥ˶ã
ҶȸоԼҪʱһʯʧȥ֪̫һʼѡ֮ʣҶ˶ĸ֪
ۣƺ֮Уֻһ˿һ˿ڰ
֮ͫУ̫޼˻׵Ĺ󣬷·ΰ󴫳УһõĴ
޼˻е̬£գӴˣҵ̫һҲΪգڰ£ҵĲ𵤣ںâϽ𵤵ľһֻգһֻ£
磬սںϣַ룬ں룬ڰֵֹڰһŻ棬ŻϢ޵Ĺڰĺڰ̫ˣ񾳣׻磬װ׼ǵĵãǵ֮УҴ߳һ죬һٵصĴڣ
һɹζҶΧɢܰ꣬һֺڰϢ޾Ϣƶźڰ֡
ҶȾǺڰ֮У塣
ˡ
ȻԺٵӿһ֣΢΢һ𣬾Ҷȸոշ֮ʣ龻־ʧ
ղǹ˵סҴʱͷŵϢһ˿˿ϢʮٵΪͻȻʱһ˿˿˲
龻һγֳ˵Ĳ
һΣǹҶȣǴ˵еʮ١
ʮٱֲ֮УĪʮʲô仯ˣǵȽ֮ȥһε
龻ֶ޷׽ˣҶȸ޷ȥѰʮٵı仯ֻѡգȻּͨ޽塢ɹ֮ȵȡ
֮
Ҷ׺ڰ֮󣬾ͷ֮׷ޣվǻ磬ֻ׷Ѱ޵Ļô
ޡ
޵λϹǿߣɹ٣һžȻͨκθ߼
޵˳ɹ磬һл˳˵ҽ󣬷֮֮ͨյı仯ʱҪ֮ҵĲ˭ߵĸӳԶ
Ҷ¶ɵЦݣȻںϸ


1148 ˮı仯
ͨСоҵͻơ
֣Ƕҵͻơ
ԼȥʯͷȻ϶ʯͷĶ֣ҪͻҲΪ
һĿ꣬Ϊյ㣬ý仯
𵤣һԴ硣
𵤵ɱ䣬ɱ䡣
֮ǰֻһŵĳƺûо̬ȻֻйڰôҵĲ𵤣ԻΪգǾӦһӵйڰǡ̫޼˻ôֿâϱ䡢޽塢֮ɹڤ๦ȵȹ
𵤵ԤʾҶļֵҲţҶڿԼԼĵ̤볬ۡ
ǴبŵĴ棡
ޡޡɹ⡢ֵǹڰâϽ𵤣պǴâôԽΪâϽ𵤣ǴĲ𵤣
һֱţ˫ۣ沨УҶȷ·縡ƼһֱƯüͷһҶȷ·ҵ˷
ৣ
ֳ̫˿壬Ĺ֮ˮҶΧ
ʮǻôǹڰ壬áʮóΪں̫޼˻׵ĴڣںϹڰ
ƺһУҶһ̣㼯һ
еʮ١
޵̫
Եĺڰе޼˻ס
ߣƺտʼ֧ڸͬģҲͬȫ֮ʲôϵ
һ̣ŲеһУ˷ӿҶȾط֣·еһУΪڵġ
Ҳ˵õ޵񼣴УڰĴУԼ֮ȵȣΪġ
ҶȾǺе֧ս
һУڤڤ֮עģ
ϧ޳޷׽Ҳ޷ȥȷֻҶʱҲŻ֪յһС
ս𵤣
õ
ƺеںʱҶȵĵ磬бǻҺɫ̫һ󣬺ȻһŹâ
̫⣬̫һƺһֻӼڻ䶯һŹâĽ𵤡
â΢ģ̫â𵤣𽥵ģ𵤳Ϊһ㣬ӲӵģͷųڰĹɫʡ
Ź𵤣ϵγɣ׳ƺյ磬ӽһ
һգҫŵ
𵤣ɹˣâϽΪں̫ĹǴڰڰ𵤣
޼˻ף
𵤳ɹҶ̴߶ڰ޼˻ףĺڰγһ־޴£ʼӿ뵤һ硣
޼˻ףҶȴа̡ħõа񹦷ֻ̺ڰͳͳ֮У»Ϊ˺ڰһźںĽģڲϵա
ҵջ֮壬ڰаħԴȪҪкڰǺܼѵģԺҵĲ𵤣ףڰĲ½𵤣Уǽ֮У޾ĺڰ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȸܵͬ޼˻һео
޼˻ԵڵУ°빦ɵ磬УҶеҲôɡ
ڰڹ磬Ҫġ
Ҷǹ磬ΪҪںϺڰڸҶ޴ѹȣҺò˹ڰ̫һʮĻҶڣ
޷棬硣
֮󣬿²ֻһˣԹڰֻҶȵõʮ٣̫һպÿںϹڰУڰΪ̫һ
ͣ
֮УսѾƽڰ½𵤣ڷĦ𽥵ᣬٶȺܻ
ڰ½ֻһΪӴС壬ֳΪһռ䣬󣬳ΪȭͷСĺڰ𵤣𵤣һһңƯڵ磬һͷŹһͷźڰ
ڰûų⣬̫һ֮Уʮٵųںϡ
ƺʮٵҲһ
Ǻǣս𵤣ڰ½ɹƯڲ֮УյҲǿŽ𵤣ͻ֮С
˿ҶȷȫΪŽ𵤣þɣǵڲ̫һҲŽ룬ֱ˸Һʮٵں
ҪŽںϣúڰںϡ¾񣬶ܳɹҵδҵĲʵ̫֮޼˻һȫڲУҪȥ
Ǹð򣬽Ϊ̫¯ɱΪ¯ʱ򣬻з򡢾ֹȷԺͳͳǲ񷷨򡭡Ȼ̫޼˻ףջںϲڣҲ˵ҶѾʼвֻһжδ֪ģ޵ˣ֪֮ʲôҲʲôҲûУҲâϱ䡢Ѫ壬Զȱݵ
һݼᶨЦݣҶȷԼҲΪ޵ʿηѣδ֪ΣգһǰͻңԼ֮
ͻΪһʱ㡣
򣡡
˲߶ʹͷųĴִۣϢм̵󷨣ķӡʥڰϢ
ҶȲϴ߶ӡհӿ硢󷨡֮ͨУȻͷ°ӿ֮С
𽥵ģ
֮ϣۡУƯա̬ܶҲΪաĴڡ
ڰϢÿ䣬ֱȫʧȥ˹һĺڰ¹âͣ
ںϡֻ
غ֣·ֻ̺ͨ£ͬ˶֮оǿƾŸԽԿĳ档
˲̣˲˶ڰںֿԷ룬ͬĿ
¯
ǰ̫¯ıΪ¯
̫¯ҶԴı֤Խ𵤣ΪǸ磬̫¯ո
¯Ȳ򵥶ˣֻһЩӡע󷨱ɡ
еˣڿԿü
̫¯֮ϣֳɲͬҶ¶ЦݣڵͨΪ˲һ֡
ʽδ֪֮á
ˡ
Ȼһ֮ڵ
Ҷ̴߶һˮ֮⣬ӵɳ
ˮ
Ҷȱϲ𺳵ľ̾
ΪǰˮȻ΢΢ʼһ˿˿̫һ
ˮֻ̫һһ˿˿ĸӦʮٵϢƺˮʮȵĴڡ̫һΪâڰںϣһЩ΢仯ΪˮȻиӦ
ҶȶʱԺˣˮһֱ޷Ĵڣ纺Ҳ֪ʲô
ܼ̣ܷ֮ԽӲȡ


1149 
Ȼ˿˿̫һܲԸ̫һ߶⿪ܣ
ҶмǷ
һڶ̷ӻõĻڤ£˾䣬Ҷˮ
ϧˮ޷ʹãֻʹ÷иӲ޷ƿأһ뿪֣пܱ˶ȡ
˵ףˮһֱҶȡ
ڲͬˣҶˮܿʼշɱ̫һԤʾţҶȼпܳΪӵߡ
ӵˮôҶϣзֲľ䣬ҶֻҪ䣬󣬿Ҳɱһǿ󣬲ܺ֡
Ȼǿķ
ˮпΪԿκθ֣Ҷȶоġ
ϧҪƿˮһвпܳΪʵġ
ٿ
̫һҶȽӡͬˮ̲סˮˮ߸ߵԿռ䡣
ţ
ڴˮ̫һ
ϧģ뵽ȫ¡
ˮ԰̫һȻֻһ˿˿գû˿ı䣬ģûʶû
ֻͷžѪӿ̫һþѪϢˮֱڲԣʱԿƾѪ
ȥһʧڰ취еģֻǲϲߣҲҶҪĶѡ

ʿ֮УǳõһֶΣһЩʿõԼΪߣ޷Ԧķ뱦ʯͨͻͷԼľѪȥЩʣħ˵еľѪ޲ࡣ
ѪģԴʣѡվѪ֣ԼɳԣΪ
ʿ磬ǳֶͨΣΪҶգܷԦˮΨһֶΣҶᣬһͨòϣѰֶ𵽹ؼá
ҺҶȶڹֻйרУνɸ¥ƽ𣬴ٹֻ̣ڷеˡ
ʿһָҪ޸ֲͬೣõ󷨡֮ԪԦСõȵȵĻãؼʱȻӡ
Ҷδй֮û취ںˮ
ɣ֪Ҫȶٸ¡
ˮʱ޷ںϣ
Ҷͷһ󣬰ˮӡУһľУհɡ
񷷨򣡡
ſʼı˲Ϣз򡢾ֹ򡢶򣬰ѹڰںϷ֮Уʹøַ򣬶Ϊеһ֣Ӵеķ򣬳Ϊ񷣬ںϲ֮С
ҶҲķ򣬶򣬶Ĳַ
뷨ǲġ
ԼĵŻԼķûԼĵҲûķԶֻű߹·Ь·ѡ
񷷨򣬸ӵӦֻ֣ҪѲͬںбɣδ䣬ֻˣȻӾˡ
ɾʬ塭޷ƽķڵ̫ˮпҲԶᣬˮԸʵʣ׾٣ǶԸʣ򲻷㣬޵ģǹ壬пˣҲâϱһᣬҿԿˮų
ںϹ֮УҶĿڲ¯ʣϣһǰ˱۵ħһɾʬ塣
˱۵ħɾϵ
ūһΣںİ˸ǽڣѾȫɱ䣬ںɾǿūͿԳİ˱ۣʱҶȻͨͨԪ뵶ūںϡ
ūϾǿܶѣںԪ񣬳Ϊһ壬ŲҶȵ㵶ūӵʶҲһ
Ԫ񣬶Գ˵ܼ򵥣һЩɵ۶ֻ޷ƿذԪ
ԹžдţһЩܣԪͨͨϣԪﳹںϣ¸
ҲеĴܣԴΪԼĵڶԪ
ҶȽһɾƽ⣬õūһɱ䣬һɾһǿҶȲ֮ﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
ӷӡ֮񵽴ӻʱջصֶڼ䣬һֱδúþһξУջ̫ǲۻˣڿ磬٣õСǧı𣡡
һӵĴǧͼϳΪϾ䡢̷ڤ򡢲񷷨ȵֶΡҵʵﵽڸ߶ȣɽ磬޽֮أһ֣ڿ̤۳ƹӡ鹫ӡħӵȵ̾޽֮أ
ӡɾʬ壬Ҷڴһ̣ʱơն죬ɽɳһ춯صĴ
ǳʱˡ
ʵﵽɵ۵۷壬ҲָˣҶȻվ򣬵¯㹻һҶƾʧ˾ռ䡣
Ĺ֮У
ˣǿս
Ҷȳ纺˾ۣȻټʥȾˣҪۿ˵ֶΡ
ʮҶ¹
ҪǵǿܣɣҶ̻֣ʮܣطɳƯڰա
ķ
ÿϣ˼ΪмɫУҲʲôȻǿս塣
ӡ
ͬʱÿһˣصӡǵӳģ׳֮ߣǵĳΪһԻ棬⣬ӡսףһӡӡǡ
񣬱䣡
ʥͷһǳ⣬ϵףӡھ֮Уܣ̻Ӷӡͬ趯һ㡣

ӡڰľ
¡
ʱһӡٵ֮ϣո棬һƣգ۾ͷ˴ըӡ֮ϡ
Ҷȼǣ纺֣վЩܣﵽ۷壬Ȼӡӡ˲ˣ
ȻǴ˵еս壡纺΢΢һЦ
鹪һսĵˣ⻹ǵ̬һ̬ǵ̲ƣȻƻֻܿ۷壬ȴ˺ǿݺκսֱǰɱƵ󣡡
ܺãڳȥðհɣ
Ҷ纺һۣǣɳ˹ʮˣ̽󣬷ɳأ𽥷ɳҹȡ
գһδηУǰͳĻʱգһƬʱգľ޴󣬱ȻҹȻҪࡣ
ǻԪʱգҶʧܵĵط
ǽ磬Խκˡ󣬺⣬ƣΣȽȥȴϣɽ֮ʱǸպÿԳڶɽ֮
ҪԪʱգ纺ɫĮ
ã죬ҴϾ䣬һСҲԲУ߶վ
Ҷͬ纺취һӽǰĻԪʱգҶаģ²һһҪõСǧʧܣԵкܴӰ죬ħᡣ


1150 ٣1
ԪʱȻһصĻʱ໥ӳ֣ȻҹΣֻš
Ҷ纺ž˽ʱգʼѰڣͬʱҶҲСӦΧǷ֡
ԼѰҰ£һڷһӿֳҶ纺һȺΧΧ
ǺúػС㣬һ
Ҷһˣ´﷨ּȻ纺纣һҵν磬ȡСǧһõģ
纺Դһ㡣
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȱ㻯Ϊһ裬޾壬ٴν֮У˲䳡۱䣬ϤŤתһγǰ
ֻסС籩˺ʱʱΧͷųֻҪ˱УҲֻʣ°
һӵڵҶȽһһ𣬸ֻǿ󣬴ǡ
Ҷԣʵ̷һδεطУΣ˳̤ڲ硣
ΧȻźܶԵʯǰֱһʯ籩ǶһЩʯ
ҶȲδɼʯĿȷ̷Ѱҵߵ磬ڶν磬Ҷȶ˸ۣϢУʩչ֮УܿظӦڶνĿռڡ
Լ֮ҶȲƬռ䣬̧ͷһȻϤĵߵ磬Ť֮ϵӿոʣȻ˲
һˣҶΪŤ֮ȻҪһδ
֪ΣգҶȻһԾ𣬸߸߷գȻŤ֮˲䱻УʼŤ
꣡
Ť֮ʼʱﵽɵʮ׼̵һδ飬ѵڱƤܿӿѪϿߵ磬ȫɹ⡢Ҳʼ顣
ƺΪ޹֮ˣġ

ܰľ޴ʹ࣬һɾ˵Ħ֮ƺ룬˲ͽߵ磬Ϥʥ磬һεĳǰ
ָ
ʱɲǿ羰ʱһʩչԪȻ߶ڴ洢ʼָʼϡ
ˣ
ͻأ䣬ϤĻ龻Ժ
أ
ţſڼͷޣƺҲʲôϢѣСβͣҶȶߵͳ˽С
ô£
龻ͬʱӦʲôǴδйףҶһãȻΪβŽʥ磬ͻ׷
ʲôףҶʩչԴϢʩչײһ޵ܣֻ
ͻͻͻ
ȻرɫƣǴԵĺƣϿշڶͬʱΪһֱֻ֣Ҷڵĸ߿
ֻ֡ǿ
ڣҶ֪Ϊλ龻ֻͬʱףΪǶӦӿҶΪ̫ͣ龻ֵͨ޷գޣҲ֪޸ղʲô˼
ϾޣδйʶҲΪʶ̫
¡
ֻƬ֮䣬ҶȾ֮ʣֱҶڵĿռ䣬ֱ飬Ҷռһͬ顣
Σգ
һƬ߿գʩչԴϢҶһĻˣǿĿ񣬼Ԫ龻֣ıϢȻӦף
ಣ
ϰӰӿӷɱڵطɹҶӦԽصϢƬ߿յ˶𶯡
дΧǿҲϷҵıڡ
ʱҴû뵽ͨ󣬼Ҷй׼϶ڶνʥ磬ͼǿƿȴû뵽˿ֲ̤룬㱻ӦϢ
ڴɱʱҶʩչԴȥʩչȫʱ䣬Ҫڿڸ֣˴ܷʱԽ֮ϣǰ֣ҶȾҪֽ֡
ҶΪôǿ֣ۣҲǿЩǿߵĶ֡
ԣֻץʱ䣬ϵСǧڵԽϿգͷŽĶɽϢ赲и֡
취ֻһֻһΣץס´ҶȽҲûлᡣ
ৣৣৣ
ٶȣ߶ԴԽ磬һУûзȥ⡣
ԼĪʮκҶڿ磬ȻȲͷڵĽϢʱʥһɳ١Ϣ
ɽ٣
һϤǿдݶ
񣿣
ոͷŽͻϢҶȾ˿ö룬ͷ̷ٶȣ˺˿ռ䣬ڳСǧڵԽϷ
һΣҶȲδϽԽ磬ΪУһıѹƳȴٽ٣
ͣ
ҶڵĿռΧȼաŤƽϢҶȿʼȫ߶ǿٻٽ١
ȻʥգܿѪɫƣ׷׵ӿѪбߣգֻʥ缸֮һգȻҶĳ
̫ӴǱɵ۴١ɴ٣Ҫ׳ۡǧ򱶵Ĵٳ档
ҶԼҲ鲻Խš
ʹ۴ٳ棬Ҳû뵽ĳռʥ֮һգʥҲһɳأҶһ˵٣ռɳص֮һ֪ɳеǶô𺳡
ûм׷󾳽磬ûڻʱյõִֶۻξĸҺ¡Զɹ˿ֲ٣
Ҷ¶һЦݣΪ˴ټ٣ɵķκҲԤˡ
Ҳ޿κΣȻɵ磬Ҳܳ

ʥ𶯡
֮ǰһٶ֣˹ӿӣҲĸ֣ڸˣԼЩūͳͳ֮ϣǸ꣬ƺҪʥ١
ܡ
ǲڵֻٰɵ۽ڵ٣Ϊǿ󣿡
ɵҪһĴﰡ
콵󣬲ǴѷǱд˷
Էθ̾Ϣ
𣿡
ȻγУ˾춯ص٣Ͼͽ٣ҶȻתһٶǿߣڡڵǿߣһͬٿ󷨵ļλߣҲˡ
УһڣҶսʤģӵʥӡԲǵ
ǿߣҶȣ𺳲ѣƺδҶȵݣͬʱҲ֪ҶִʥǿߣȻֻһɵ۶ѡ

񣬵ǼǵҪʲôԼʮﵽΪߣʵڣȻһͬҶȣҪҶȳ֡
ĺãǿҲа취תǵȴ޷ڵĿռ䣬ٻ赲ǵĲ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʮڵĸ֣һֻͬǺεȵ
ؽ磬һڸ֣Ϳ䣬ѡ
¯
ȻҶȶգ
ֻһ¯˳ҶѾʵƫԶɽ٣칬Ǭֲˡ


1151 ٣2
죡
ֻһɶߵĲ¯ʮڸǰԵ̫С
Ҷ˫ֲϽӡ¯ʼ󣬴ɺܿʮ֮ߣֱҲﵽס
ƣ
ɲǼ䣬һڵĿ֣һеҶȣһɲǼ䣬ЩգһֱͣͲڵ
ЩϹ׷ɱߣͷŴ龰
ǲ·
ЩҶȾ֪¯Ҳ޷Ǵ߶ӡ¯ʼȼգںϲ񷷨֮еҶƺŤתǬϲ¯ӵеȻʮͳͳ
ԭҶȳΪǵĿ꣬ҶȲڲ¯֮Уе׷׵ӿ
ಣ
ʮӿ¯ʱҶȴзԾʼ룬һʱ䣬¯¡¡Ŀʼ𶯣·Ҫһ㡣
գѾγɣ֮Ҷȣǽȴõı㣬Щ޷̤С
ۣ
󲿷ӿ¯ҶͻȻǰһһѪɫʱһƬ԰ף
ʥ
ʮ֣ƺ׼ڶֳ֣Ӧʲôͳͳĸ֣һͬ
һīɫӰӸ߿콵ٶ
ǵڹƾŸˡǽˣôˣѹңҶȺźһʱ˫ְס¯ƺҪʩչʲôͨ
īɫӰУܵиֹʩֻʮ룬ʮһƤͻƣһ˫ӥֱͫӿҶȣֿϿ٣ƽ˵ʥ絽кΣҪķνʥ磬ڻŪ˾޴٣֪ʥ
ʥλڻԪʱ֮УȻ֪ɵĸı䡭ȻǱ磬չɱ֣ʹǲѣΪβΪĿģʩչֶΣ
Ҷȵ棬Щˣ˼ɵͬ߶ȣչֳǣУȴھĿ񡭡Ⱥɡ߾𡢶ǬϢҪ񣬴˵Ϊ޷Ӧ
̫ᣬ޷ƿصı仯Ҫͷ
Ȼɷ˵Ҷһָһ㣡
䣡
һʥеȻֱ֮γɺڵƣҶΪģƺƵӿ
ռ֮
ҶƺּԾŸԿԽĻ棬̫ǿ󣬾һǿĶ֡
ڣҶΧ֮ɵȫ߶¯
䡫
ʥӿĿռ֮ײϣʱҶڵʱգʼ͵ĲһȻѹȥ֮һɹ˺Ҷɱ
ÿµĿ̫ǿˣ̫ˣ
˵ҶȻǵһμˣͷ˿ֲ֮֮һȣëҰţ޷ȡ
Һ׼û
Ҷûкˣв࣬һΣǲ¶ˣȫ߶¯¯ʼʮɿֲ
ǵ˾ȻܰǵӡУȻ󷴹ͷŶ
Χվڿ󷽵ʮ֣¯ӿʮٴζݣľ
ǸСӡȻǿ
Ӻ󷽣һˣҶȵһνʥ磬ĸ֣Խء
ڱκ˶Ҫ𾪣ΪҶȽ֣ռʱ˺ͣȴûаҶҶҡһ䣬Ѿ޷ľ֡
ڸ֣֡
¡¡䣡
ʮڸҶǰľ޴¯飬ĸǿƶͷŵȻײһʱգ
꣡
ͻأ֮ʱһͷų
ֻһףСȴԴʯٶȣֱ֮Ŀֱս٣
˺󣡣
ڶ֣ڿһ֣ʱ˺
¶į¶񣬿ϮףûкˣΪ٣֮ںδ档
£ָһţպԵģȻһԷ֮ݺʱ𽥵ذ룬ѹ
ǣǿߵȻƬ̼׵ѹ٣
ʲôʱҶȲܴﵽָ߶ȣӲ񷣬ļįĹ¶Ϊûж֡ţһᳬԽģ
Ҷţ˾ֶΣѾԽǿߵ⣬ڣҲ޷Ǻεȵľ硣

ǿĿһ֣Ȼռͨڣûٶ֣Ϊɵ磬Ҫܵɵѹȣ޷ɵķ򣬾Ҳ
ʥô죿
ʮߣΧ
Ŀ٣˵ô죿Խ֣ǳܵԽǿ磬ѵ뱻ٻ𣿡
ǿǣһʱֻ̾ϢУȻҶȣȻҲŶҶȵ֮⡣
ɣɽ꣬ĩգ񻺻ػ֣ʱһ·ڷ֮ϣ֣վΧ
ЩˣΪԹߣ
ȻĿòСǧһֻھУ߶纺ϵͬϢںϣûߡ
Ҷȸ˲ǿоɽٳɹɹõСǧ𣬿Ĵ߶Сǧ뿪
ߣɽٳɹ޷õСǧֻǱԾ뿪
һ㣬ɹɹ٣һеͷˮһա
Һʥħ޷룬ȥħڶɽ֮ʣҶ֡
ҶȻתٴһ¯ʼΧȼգȻ߶γɶԿٵķ
СӵϴξеһȻҵһԪ񡭡
ڷ֮ϵĿ񣬴ʱڶҶһһеϢ
ҶתͿ·СǧԿʼٻ٣֮Ϸ
磬СǧѾ׼ˣ
СǧδйĽ˵
Ҷ˫ִһӡ̴߶Դͷ˫ְԽ֮ϣԣʼϾԴӿԽ֮С
ںϣ
ʼӴԽ磬ԽȻ̣ǲųԣҶֿʹô߶ԣԣԽҶȵ
꣡
䣡
˿̣һٽһ֮ʲôףһɾ޴ֱӴĿСҶȡ
ˣ
Ҷ˫ͫ߶¯Ȼʼ߶ԽڵԼ־У
¡¡
ٺݺҶϣҶ޷ܣǼ̵ܣȻֻҶһҶʹ࣬ϢԽ硣
ͻͻͻ
Խ翪ʼ𶯣֮Ȼ뿪˺һӣСǧӣҶȫ˺磬СǧʱҶڷɳѿڷȥ


1152 ٣3
䡫
ʣ֮ͨҶʩչͨԽУ˺ѿڲɢ·Ľ磬֮ΪڣһƬ档
ʽ٣ʥѾһƬѪ졢ںڣû֪֮ڣڷʲô֮޲ðʥ綼ɡ
˿ȥ·һħͷڸ
ҶȣȫѪɷ˫ĿѪߣ·磬һٴȻֻ˺Խѡ
Ǿٰɣ
٣ǲ٣һ£پͲԳ̬̺Ըˡ
Թвٵˣ֮ģս٣ĸǲУ˳ɹ
Ԫޱߣ־ͶӰ죬˺еأ̤ƽؽҽ£ų٣
Ԫͷһ־֮ΪһԪƶ֮ŵڶٽ֮ʣϮ
Ҫʲô˺嫣ɽδУСӾȻ٣
Զʥķ֮ϣʮӵڸֱĿκ˶Ҫ䣬ǹ־֮һͷˮҲʮֺڴȥ
УҶȼ̤ڣҲĶ֡
ͻͻͻ
ڶ٣־Ϯ֮£ԽҶȵķѾ飬ֻв¯·ȼա
һ޴֣ҶȻֶɣѪʱһ٣ֱͨ˦·˺ѵԽ硣
߳߳
ڶٷֳɣһҶϣһ˺Խ磬ҶȳһףֱƤЩڣͫһɹɺ̣ɼжô
ɣɵɽǰ־ǵҪսµɽӭõδֻдδûδû죡
ƺԤϵҪʲô
٣ҶҲɹ֪ٵĺ
ĸҺ
˲䷭һץγӡľĸҺƯҶǰ̧ͷһϷ٣ȻӿһѪħͷһѪɵľˣ˺գֳ߳һֳ֣һײ档
٣
찡Ǵеġ׹񡯣
׹ֻԶŵĴ˵棬̫ޣռɽʱ־ŷֻ֡Ӷ棬Źնɱһ̫ޣаն˻ģľ
氡
棡
еĸ֣Դ߳Ѫˣ޾𾴣һһ£
ǿҲ˫΢ա
׹񡭡Զ񻰵ĴڰôĴڵģ̹ſ졢Ůˡ丸׷աաĪҲڣ
˭ҲûеҶȣӾøң侳֪׹ΰ޽
׹ҶȻҲŹնɱаħֵ棬ʱ̫žޣһɳأӵյӴӶĵ̣׹棬ͦ࣬Ѥ
ɽĹż䡢ʽϣͼϣ׹ļ¼ֻۼ֤һжá
ҶȣЩĿ飬Ҫõ־ļ֤Ͽɡ
׹ȫγɣŷҹչ١Ȼ֮ʱҶˣȻһԾԽ֮С
ͬʱҶȰξĸҺƤ֮С
˼ģҶȵڣӵлĴʮ٣ĸҺոյҶȵڣʱͲڵʼ߶Ҷȫ̫һ졣
һء˺̿ʼָԴԴϵۣ
ǾĸҺҶҲѵѩдӻõԼԴͳͳͷţֲŲڲս𵤡½𵤡
𵤿ʼ𶯣Ϊ𶯡
߳
׹վ֮£Ѫɷɣ壬ȴġ
׹˫ֿʼ߸趯ͻȻ·ƺҶȵĴڣҶʱ˫ͫնȼյͫ⡣
ৣ
趯֣ǰȻſ죬һ಻ϵĹϷ籩

գۼ䣬һ֣ȻǾ޴Уɢģֱӳ·٣һһֱһͨ
ɣ̫һ𵤣Һúص
ںξĸҺǰõռĸ׼Ҷڡ⣬ȵͨâϱ䣬Ĳ̫֮һַ΢ı仯
ʣ̫һøءǿ
̫һҶҲȥΪͷϢǬ칬ȵȵˣ˵ʱտԽϢҲκβҶȣҶտþߡ
ʵǿ޼ɵơ
꣡꣡
һڽˣĦӿֲһ֣Ի֮Ҷ֮ϣ̫һķϡ
¡
Ϲǿߵչ˳
Ҷȷ˲飬֮ȻըɢΧԽ˺øӾ޴γɸ棬ҶȣԽ粻˺ѣʹ࣬ٴδ߶̫һ
ɢΧ̫һȻֱշƬȻʲôɡ
ಣ
ƷҶüͷһһ֣͸оκη޷ֵ˷ըԽ磬ҶȾ񱻾ˣһŽһţ硣
Ҷ̫һһᣬֵֻܵסһֲ֣£ҶȲ̫һռ̫򲻳ʮ֣Ϳ԰Ҷը顣
ֻٵķһ֣׹һ֣ͿԻκھͷ
Сǧʱ𣺡磬СǧѾӦϢδѹֻǱԽӡڲ
һոԽ硭ҹ
СǧཻˣҶȿ׹趯ֵҹ棬ƺеס
߹
׹ͻȻ·һʥ
߳߳
һ׵磬׹ҹһ֮Уͷųʱ˺ͨԵҶȡ

Ҷ̴߶̫һγǿȻͫ״̵۾
ȻһԺһƬհףо屻˺һ㣬˲ˣ˺֮죬ƺκʡҪ˺÷顣
ͣ
׹һ£Ҷ̲סһѪȻ󿴼ϣһ˺ѡڵѪڣɼǡ
ҵǿ󣬲һ׵磬ȡҵҶȻգֻ׹һζԼӶҹ档
߳߳
һ׵磬
Ҷֻܴ߶Կ׵磬Ȼ¯򣬲׵ǿԲԴ
ֻһӣ׵ʱᴩһУҶȵȥҶȼԽУѾ˺һĿӡ
ĸҺ
ҶѾһľҲƺӲˣץξĸҺ׹ٴδ߶ҹʱںϡ


1153 Ĵǧͼ
ણ
ξĸҺҶȵʱ
оĹžĸҺˮˮ棬һӣùž

Ҷȼüڱߵ
ľĸҺǳԽɵĴڣֳĳߣŲ϶ɽ٣ҶȻƣڲϵı仯ԸվĸҺ
һڵƤѪڣðẓ́µĿֲҲٵĴۣûֶ۸Դû֮ǰ׼ҶȿԼֵֵز
иҶѾɽˮĵزѾǾǿһЩǾĸҺҲҶȼֲ˶ãʱֻ취ɾ١
Ļ˭Ҳ֪һ㣬ǾɾΪڻңҲ군ˡ
ָɣ
æվĸҺָȻӲ¯УոȻվԽ磬ڣֻʣһ㣬СǧѾȫͷ⣬Լ𣬴ǧͼĹžҲƯ
Ҫȵټǿһ˺Խ磡
һΣͷΧҲѹȡ

һץһʥǹˡ
߳壡
׹ִ߶ҹ棬һҵףӰݺ¡
վĸҺҶƻָ࣬ʼȫһ𣬻Ӷ۰򣬰ѹʥǹ
¡
ʥǹش׵磬ʱըһɹз򣬴ʥǹͷţʼƻ׵
ɼҶȵĹʥǹϣ׵һأ÷򣬿µƾ׵Ѿ
߳߳
׹ʼһδλӶҹ棬ƺ֪·Ǹ࣬ǱƽԿʼʩչ
Ҷһͷ٣Ȼе׹ֻٴĹʥǹһһգŲ񷷨򣬸պÿ÷򣬰׵
࡭ӦÿԶȹ٣Ϊһڳۣȥʩչֹ뿪
ԶΰĿҸ´﷨ּʮ̷֣ɿˡ
ڷ֮ϣƺʧһ̣ҪԳ֣Ҷѹնɱʥ硣
ȥģֻѣٲ棬ᱬ٣٣ƿԽ磡
ҶһδεʥǹԼӽڵĿԿ׹
߹
أͻȻ׹ŭ
ʲôʲô׹˫ֿʼӶ÷ҹ໥ײһȼյѪ
ǿҵĳ٣Ϳ֪Ѫжֲ
ҶȻԼʮ׹ǰƯѪ׹ʶģӶҹ棬ѵһѪ򣬺ݺݵһѹѪʱ·ͻͻͻؽ١
ԽеҶȣʼ̫һںϵķγһ̲㡣
䡫
ʱգĴ֮ƺʲôƿնҪһж

һֱɵѪɲǼ䣬Ŀ۵Ĺâ̵ҶȲò˫ۣ¡
¡¡¡
ΪҶǿѪһ̣ȻһȻѪӴ棬ѺۼԼֻһ¡һͳ飬ѪݺݵҶȻӶʥǹ֮ʣײȥ
Ҷ֪ʲô
ʥǹѪ˲ײ飬ҶѪײ׵硢桢Ҷϰ˺÷飬Ƥ⿪ʼȼաǽڣãҶȻԵֿһ֣ѪȻҶ
ʹࡣ
ҶֻԼѪ⣬Ϊ˻ҽֽƬȼһ㡣
ѪСΪڣʧʱȻҶȵ°͵űȣֱ棬ˣһƬڣ¶ͷһЩ࣬һ֡
Ѫǿһ֣ôҶˣ¶ᱻ򹥻ΪǻҶʣ¡
صһΡһѪ򣬾šҪҵСҺûξĸҺҲֻܵסڶѪ򣬶Ѫ򣿡
һ˿ӦҲûУľоһܱأŲҲ̶õֿϿջѪҶѾû˿Ѫɫ

ԪȻûܵ˺߶ξĸҺҶ˵ýӽԵʱ̣ں
ʱϤ߸оͬԡ⣬һС㣬ںɵȥ
ڵ˿ڣѪ⣬ʼٵ
ڿԻˣǰѪһƬҶȿ·СǧһξĸҺָȻڶѪ򣬹Խ磬һΣһ˺Խ磡
Сǧ̵ĵʵǵѪô죿
šһûкܺõİ취ֻҪ뱾ںϣͷѪ϶뵽һð취һѪ򣬺ˣڶŽˣ
˵֮䣬ҶȾ͸ܵһƷ¡
̧ͷһȻǵڶѪҶǿȻȫס뵤
֪Ϊ׹նɱ̫ޣľʵ޷κҪٻ𣡡
һ㣬ٴγɣҶþĸҺס뵤һһͬҲܷҪסڶѪ
¡
꣡
ڶѪ򣬾һǣ׹䣬ڷ֮ϣֻ˲䣬ͻȻҶСϣƶˣһͬ·һԽ磬ϷڣײԽ硣
Ҷ̫СѾѪ򸲸ǲӰӣѪ̫޴󣬼󲿷Խ֮ϣ顣
ˣ磡
Ѿľʧȥ֪ʶľҶȣȻԪ֮УСǧ˷ܡȵ
𣿡
ҶȲ֪жأֻ֪޷һ£ѪѹţСǧҶҲо󣬴һ䣬֮Ũҵԡ
УһԵĿռ䣡
ٿ
һ֮Ȼ
磬ɹˣɹˣСǧˣ㿴ҵı𣡡
ȻϤȴϤģҶԪӦУǹϵĻȻΪһǺӰʥһɶ೤ǳ꣬ҿƻ͸ģȴ䲻ס

˲ӿҶȵڡ
Ĵǧͼ
Ҷ·΢Цڣν磬ľٵľΣգڵõĴǧͼ
ɽ磬˵еĳ
ಣ
ûҶȶˣһϤѹȸУӿҶȾͼԽ磬ƺʲô־ͻȻѣԽ磬Ȼϡ
ҶָоձԽȥζ
ҶȣԽϣƳԽ磬Խ磬ֱ֮ǰǰ
ƺһжδ
ҶƯʱգղǹƶ֮Ҷ˵øǰΪĸҺϵĲ࣬ڣ֮ǰ˵øأ඼ٻһ롣


1154 ׹ף
ǣ˵أڵõĴǧͼۣʲô
űԽ缷ѹӭѪСǧش磬Сǧ뱾ںϣʱʱ̶̿뿪ʥ磬СǧԸӦµ꣬ɽﶼȥã
ٶ꣬뿪
Ҷʹ࣬취ָԿһ򣬿׹Ҷ̵˹ȥʿ
ˡ
ûʱ䣬ϹĦĴǧͼŶɽ٣Ȼ䣬Ҷƺ뵽ʲôð취֮䣬һԷӡһŻ
٣٣ǡ׹㵽ʲôˣȻ˿ֲ
ˣ
ҶȰغȵԭҴ㣬ҽۣȻɱ㣬ǡҪΪһȥ٣ҲҪȡ
ԭ١һߣƺԼ޽Ҳƽض׹
һҶȻɾɻܵͼˡ
ѪҪɲǼ䣬Сǧæ𣺡磬㲻̫ģСǧǰһˣСǧӵתʵͨ԰κƵʣתƵͬڿռ䣬Сǧı£ˣתƹһɳء
תʣɳضתƣ
Ҷһ𾪣ǧͼҲ̫ףһ룬ܳΪɽķҲΪ档
Сǧתƣĵһֱת٣Сǧֻ֮ͨȹ磬Сǧת٣ͲʩչԿ٣
ðɣûȥһ٣Ȼ٣ٰѴ󲿷٣ɵͼУ
Ҷ̫ŵõǧͼھ𵽹ؼãתʣ붼ͨ
ͻͻͻ
˿̣Ѫ׹趯ҹ棬֮й£һա
٣ɾ͸ۣż֤ڽ죬Ҷ̤볬ۣǿ֮·ɣ
Ҷ˫һݺݵڻӡ֮ϣѪʼӿڣ
ѾʧȥʶɱΣÿԼ³Ҫʹĥ޸֪ȥ

Ѫ򾭹ʱգ˵ȼҶΪĿ꣬ӵҶȵѪϢҶȵһ֣ȻѻҶȣ
¡
Ƿ㣬סѪŲˣȻ˲ײڻϡ
ڵѪײ£ƤʼٻʱͳѪǣҲʼٻ
ֲ̫ˣѪ򣬱ǰǿ
һڵҲٻҶۿŻһطٻΪҽԼ»ֲôʱ䡣
Сǧ׼ˣ
Ҷ˫һα̵޷Ѿɣٻʣ´󲿷ѪݺݵҶȵϡ
ԭҶڵڶȥͷ˴ɵԿȼڵָɻһƻָһ֣ڣո򣬾ͱ׵ٻٻ
ٶȱ֮ǰҪһ
ûǿԿôҶ
磬ˣ
ͻȻһǿհӰӣƯҶȵҲֳ࣬һ㣬ģСǧҲֳվԱߡ
򣡣
ոչԿƷһ˦ѹǰ𽥵㡣
СǧҲ㣬̷ɹ㻯ΪһŻŻ򿪣¶ǿա
תƣ
СǧһӡŻӭҶƳѪ
Ҷȶʱ򲻹ˣСǧͷŵŻһɿµħĴ죬ѪҧסС
Ҷϴ󲿷ֵҲһͬȡֻһṦ򣬵Ѫ򣬼Ҷ֮һЩеľⶼ˽ڣʧȥ֡
Ѫ
ĵ̣ҶȻֽ⿪˷ӡ
̼䣬ӲӿҶȷӡ󲿷ֵѪѪԭǰ֮Ҷȣӭ˾
ҶҷСǧʧɵŻȻ˺ҧһһС
Ͽ׹ƺûм˼ҲûʧƺֻҪСǧתƣʧƵġ
ٿ
ԼʱСǧӰǳŻںϣƾŻʧˣСǧӰҶڡ
磬ҰתƵһûȥˣɵڶƻСǧ˵
Ҷ˿̸ӦƯڵĴǧͼͼ˸΢΢ǳâƺת
߹
ͻȻֹ׹ٴλӶ֡
ѵٻδҶȻˣͱصĺŵɫˢף٣ҶȾ͵öþ䣬ܿ١
һʩչ䣬صСһоͨһУҪ߾䣬Ǿʧˡ
磬٣ʥϢÿζɽ٣ͻᶼԪĪǡ
Ҷһɵٸ̫٣Ҳ޷ֵ󣬶Сǧʱ𣺡׹Ҫͷ˵ڹȥܶ־¹һЩͨһˣͻήĪǸε׹Դе
ҲȥĴܣ־ɽ粻ͬķ򡢽硢ԼΣʱ֮Уʱʱ̿ءɽ磬ǡ
СǧһҶȰŰɡ
󣬱Ϲǿߵ취µһЩˣһףǴС
Ǵδ˵ʶԶ־ȡ
ϴ񣬷Զδ٣
һϵ׹Ӷ֣ӿһֻˣĴų򣬴Ӿ찿
ˣ찡紫˵еޣ
׹ʱ̫Զţʱǿߣʵﵽ󣬿磬׹
Ǹɽߣʲôˣв˼ԶŴ˵һһӡ֤ϣ
ڸ֣ҪǷ˹¡
ˡǶΪϵޣʷϣûĵֻʱǸʱΪʱڲͬʱգϧ֪ʲôԭͳʧˣŵࡣ
ˣϣδй˼ˣԶͼڣһЩ滭вܿ

ͫͻȻطŴ
꣡꣡꣡
ʱգһֻĴϵؽ١
ܶˣ
Ҷԭз޷ȷ˴ǻʲôǣҶȾ˵ط֣ʱգܶˡ
׹ҲٵֻԶɽߵľ磬ͷͬٱ˵ңڣ¶ҪУ
ɾԵƿ٣ٵ
꣡
֮٣Ҷ𺳵Ը֮ʣͻȻΪһɷ֮𣬰סҶˡ


1155 ˫Ĵ
磬ƺһƬ𺣣
ǣ𺣲δʹ࣬ȣ
һ͸Ϣŷ˻壬оȫ쳣泩жɽٲʹ࣬ԻΪˮȥ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾʲôǻ棬治ϽѪ֮УԪ
Ȼ䣬һֻ޴ķˣԪ
Żëﵽɾ޴󣬻ԣɹԪ󣬾ԪʼڣÿһηڣҶȾ͸оԪһ֡
ԪȻֱ
磬ִеû뵽ήٵϣˣҲδۼ
Сǧɰ˵
Ҷһ̣õκΣգǬҲ޷ʱգ׹κε־Ĵڡ
䣬ȻδĴڣ̫࣬С׺һڣҲ㲻ˡ
ԪһδεطԾҲѸܲκʹࡢƣȥ֮Ѫ⣬ѾϣӹѪ⵽࣬ȼһ飬ڵɵʮǿ˰ٱ

һ־ƺҪ뿪Ҷȵ
֮ԪȻûѹҶȼԪڵķˣҪ룬ŷ񣬾ûѹ־ԪԶѹ

һ֮ҶͷųȼյķΪһֻˣʼշȥ

ֳҶȸոմ߶һɷ˻棬ͷų
û뵽׹͸һݴ񣬾ȻѷҵڣӴˣƿһž
𣬷ͬڵܵõ˵Ҷף
ҶȲżۣľ˸ı䣬һǧٱѪҲӾɵʮ׼Ҫ࣬ռȫѪ֮һ
֮һһѪ֮һѾǲ˼ĴڣҪ֪κˣҲ̺֮Ѫ
ɱ䣬Դ泬ԽɵʮװٱҼ̫࣬޷󣬾һʮƷδҲ˺ҶȵƤ
Ҷǿ̶ȣѾԽڡڣһڣҶȲڳۡ
ɵۣҵͱƣͻƳָֻۣǰԽնɱǿеͨҶԼۣоı仯Ҳû뵽仯˾ˡ
ҶȹʵѾԽڣﵽڵĸ߶ȡ
ڣӵʵѩǰţҲӵУ
ҶڵõĴǧͼӴˣûκѹסҶȣҶȿɱ칬ȻȫˣҶͨ
Ͻۣã봿죬ôʩչ̷ƽԼڤȵȻɵʮ׿ֲǧ򱶡
仯޴ı仯
˵ҶȴһϣĳɳɱΪһӴЦɽ磬ݺķ
һ򲽣ӮߣɽûκˣٶҶȲв
ۣۣҶȣҲɾ˴ţִͬۡɽһ㡭ҶȻش߶ǿԴԴϵ
Ҷģսò£ӮԷҲκβڴħ°ʹͷˡ칬ֲڸ֣Ҷаգһһ
ڻصֶ죬ҲˣҵĶ֣ѩЩǿߣѾҵĶ֣˴ʦԼЩŶЩ֪ҵʵᾪõɣ
Ӧһ仯Ҷ̫⣬Ҳͨʱ̣Ҫץʱ䣬뿪ʥ硣
ȥǰ뿪ʥ磬򼴱ǳۣҶҲ֪ǿһָͷĶ֣ЩߣһҲѹ
Сǧ׼ãٴʱˣȿҪʧʱһͬ뿪ʥ磡
ҶȻɳ棬Ѿĸ֣ȻͷһӡӡϢʥȥ֣˼޷뿪ˣҴﵽڵʵһһ̽ʥܣ
ǵӡǴƣҶΣŵҪӳ١
磬ˣ
һ׹ΪӰУʱգڼٵˡ
ã
Ҷ߶߿գʱ˳˿Լ֮Уֶʱɫ
֪Ҷƺ٣취뿪ʥ磬Ͼ٣Ѿ˺ʥ磬ҶٶȣǾԿ뿪ʥġ
뿪ʥ磬ҶǸˣҲûа취
ǲҪ
ͻȻӷվдĿ֣ʱѻȸе޵ߣҪԶ֡
񣡣
ҶȼΰΣսǼɵǿߣǶ֣׷Ŀ꣬ڣ̫СȫûбҪȽϣȵҶվڿָ߶ȣʱſһ̡
°ɣ
ȻûжƯԭأ˫ֻػӶһ֮ʼͫͷš
𣿡Ҷȿ٣뿪ʱ
ͻͻͻ
ڴʱҶȾȻϷδʧ٣ȻһȻƿ֮նϣȻƿ֮γɼ̵Ľ磬ƺҪҶȣʥ磬һεķӡ
ÿֲȻ޷սʤĴڣ׾նӴСǧ߰ɣ
ʱˣٲߣҪˡ
ǵģ磬⣬СǧģڣСǧҲͦ壬ٺ٣Сǧɰ˵
ҶˣûΪޣһͬʼ񷡣
ţ
ͻȻһߡ
ԴŨҵľԴɵ磬ֻмӵоԴϢĪǡǧͼԭʥ磬Ϊ˵õǧͼ
֮䣬ƺ뵽ҶȵĿģʱ˫üһҶʧķ̻һץһֻ֣ȻҶʧķ
ŶȻܸٶСǧĪҲԴϢֲõҽʥ磬˲͸ӦˣͷžԴǱ룬պ»
ٷĸ߿գҶȱһſռ֮ٷš
ߴСǧ磬̫ǿˣƺ˻Ҫ̫µĴڣӵоԴҲΪ棬ԴƬ
ߣ
Ŵ׷ɱҶȶð麹ˡ
ٺ٣С˼
ͻȻҶȸоԼ޾գûǼʧظУͷһͷŵĴ֣ѾˣȻʥĽ磬ʱս磬һͬʧٵˡ
û뵽һӳ
ʥ罻ڵϿգ޵ĳ֣ûκεϢ

ͻȻһֻڻèԽ磬ſ֮Уʮֵƣ˯
ˣ٣ѴݻٲԽ磬ʯƬ
èֳ
ȻżɵӭȻָ·ٹգȻһ޴ʯƬƯš

èһУתȥ
һʲôǸˣ٣õ٣ĥԽ硭
ڻָ飬һӣΧһƬƬʱ߶ʲô󷨣ķ籩ʼ硣


1156 Ĵǧͼ
Ԫʱգ
ˣˣڿ׵Уӳ
һӰһƬϢУһͬһ۵ҶȣʱҶȣϢͫͬǳĺǡ
߶ǧͼܴӿƿ£ӳҶǵ£Ǵǧͼȫˡ
·ԪʱսһӡȻ͸ʥںδ·һ
ˣڷѾţ֮ҵõǧͼϧȻҲδʶҽ𹬣ԼǸɴ۵Сʥ绹ܣܣֻеҴﵽڣʸƽ⣡
ԪʱɴΣϢ첻ǽҲǿʼ֪жٵˣ̤Ѱһҽ𹬡
շתβŵõǧͼʥ磬һʯʱʱ̿ҶС
ಣ
Ƭ̼䣬ӻԪʱս磬ɳһȺӰΪ纺뷽顢ʥһһں󷽡
ɹˣ纺ͫͷźɫͫ⣬ֻ΢΢һɨͿҶѾ֮ǰˡ
ҶҲ¶Цݣ纺ˣ·ҵһǶɽٳɹζɽһۣҴǧͼҲõˣǾȻս̫֮ľϣúϢһȥ޽֮أ
纺ͷҲʶʶɽ淨ݣ
Сǧȥ̫ľ
ǵģ磡
ҶһǳͷųСǧƺ޴ڣһʮˣͻȻرǳٿһ£·޾վͷ

գ۹Ҷ纺о޾ǳڰƮȻǰһǰȻԶսͬʱ̫ľͷŷʱʱ̶̿ڸӦΧһһ˿
棬治ɽһռ䷨ҶȲԼ۾ôôٶȣգ۾ʹӻԪʱڲԪʱյΧ
ڣҲٶȡ
ָоûһëȻǷУƾմ󣬻ԾƵģĪս֮ա
纺ҲһݣٶȿЩʧɫŲƣŲƣǧͼȻٶȣɽ޵У̷Ҳѷɫ̫࣡
ٺ٣
СǧȻһǳ£ҶϢһʮֵسҶ纺ǰ
ҶȺȫһСǧͼ飬ʵĴڣСǧﵽֶ죬Ҫã
СǧָͷɣϾɽ磬һξ룬̺ʱգȽϸӣûʲôԼһҲ͵ˣ֮壬߶СǧȥκεطҲһ͵ˣ

Ҷ纺֮ɫԱǾǣҲЩţ˳վ룬֪ԽٵաʱգֻҪƬ̾͵ˡ
ˣ
̫ľսзɳƺҶȵ˵ûз֣Ǽ˶ԻҲᷢ֡
Ҷ˵̫ľȥսʻɽ磬Ȼȥ޽֮أ׼
޽֮أãΪϹͥˣ̫ľȻ޽֮أҶȻҪ˽Ϲͥͽھɽ޽֮֮䡣
Ҷ֮Ҫ˵ʵҲ̫ľΪ䵱򵼣޽֮ޱȣڳɾͳۣҲҴ֣޽֮ҲܲһͷˮȥУһЩǿ߰ɡ
̫ľϷսҶǣ纺žˣҲһһսڴջǼװ廤Ҷ纺һգҶÿеĵط
ʩչһƣȻ߶䣬Ҷ纺˲ƾʧֻʣһ΢Ư⡣
ռ䣡
Ҷ纺ھ̳֮ϣҶȴ߶ΧԸıһƬռγɡ
СǧƬռɳȻΪһŹžžСԼһչ鱾ԼһߣžǳâǶŴ꣬췱˸ǹڡ
ȻСһ۾ͳǧͼ̺ĿռϢ·ռ䣬ںΪһ壬ǿռһ֡
ڱʵϢɵϢϢֻʮ΢һ˿˿ѣǴڲͷų
ǧͼһƬɵ֮Уûʲô֮ЩԿռеˣԸܵռϢ֮⣬˶ֲʲôϢ
һִﵽ豹ľ磡
纺һֱƽƺĿ⣬ŴǧͼƬ̺󣺡ʮƷԲǧͼȷӦýǲɽȥ磬ʩչ
ҪӴһЩܹɽһͬǧͼ
Ҷȶʱ¶һƬɫ룬ʵСǧ꣬ˣνʧܵģԼˣ
˵޽֮أһƬ˺Ŀռ䣬һ𣬼˵õپԴ㿪ʼ߶˭֪Ȼƿһ𣬵ڽͷͻȻʱ˶޷ƣ˱Уܿ׹ޱߵУСǧѷ֮У֪ѷȥĸʱգСǧʶþͨСǧɽ֮Уղ֪Ϊ˷磡
磬Ȼûгɹһ̣еıأһ־ԴӡСǧڣСǧһɴ۱صı⣬һһֵʶ
Сǧ˸о˵ǣҶ纺֣ҪǻĺӣҲûǸƤģ
û뵽ѡǿΪҲǿȻˣҲ˶֮У
𵱳칬׷ɱʱ˶֮ѵҶҲĿģǲԿ
һ룬֪Ϊζ䡣
ȻΪ̾ϢΣҶȻͷĿ⣺˾Դһʶ
Сǧͷţ磬ԽСǧ翴ʵСǧ磬Ҳǧͼһһ磬ʮּ̣޴ޱȣСǧɹ԰Сǧռ䣬ԷһƬʱնԣ
ã纣Ǿȥǧͼʶʶɽһռ䷨棡Ҷ̿纺ͬʱս֡
ಣ
Сǧҡһ䣬ͳΪ鱾ģͻȻӿһǳŻҶ纺˲С
һƬԿռ䣬ԣôǧͼռ䣬һǿգǿա
ת˲ҶȾ纺ƯǿĿС
ǿտңң޾Ư췱ǣж٣ǿ֮УȻյĸϢɵĺУϿա£޾ǳ
û뵽ǧͼڲռ䣬˺嫣ֱȾռ仹Ҫ޴󡭡ҶǾ㵣Ȼ˾޴ռڵķھ䡣
纺ΧȻǿռ䷨ȻռͬѰСǧЩǳӦþνɽɣ

Сǧ纺˻Ƶ꣬ȥʱգÿȥһʱգͻռĿռռ䱾ԴȻ滭Ϊ꣬ͳΪһſŵǳǹ⣡
ɽ޴󣬶ٵطûȥ˼ȥɽһĵطδ֪֮ء
һſǹꡣ
춼ǹ⣬Ϊڵһռ䷨ľ˶ٵѪ
ЩˣΪ˳
еˣһɱ¾жȹ
еˣΪλȨ档
еˣȴһֱڼԼ롣
ˣһˣΪƴǧͼΪ˼¼δ֪ɽ磬Զһ¡


1157 ˵ġѪ
ǶôĹִ˵ƫִ
ɽ磬ôˣֻΪ׷δ֪ɽ磬׷Ȩλʵȵȡ
ǹ¶ģ
һĥˣһ˹¶УУδȥʱգһһ췱ǣΪɽ磬Ϊ࣬´ǧͼ𺳾
ǧͼһһռ䷨ɱӲǽΪָ򣬲ʧյָơ
κη޷ȵġ
磬˵ķʣܻˣ촫˵񻰣ȥȺӣ±
һλֵ𾴵ǰļ֣磬Ѿʧ̫ãҶд֮С
磬㿴µıذɣ
СǧҶ纺룬һʱǳƶһɷӡնӡֳȻһ
ҶҶ纺룬Сǧ࣬ʼûıʯâһˣƷʯʯһһسڱ֮УĿʲôﶼС
ʮƷһЩͬǧ֮һʮ֮һǲд鼮Ǳ
ôıɴۣҲضãҶҪھɽ磬һһɣЩ㹻ˡ
µıֱһ̾Ϊֹ
ҲҶȼ౦ı⣬ȥɴֻۣΧѰұɴµ֪˵ı⣬Բɴѷɫ
ٸʱգռƷʯʯ̫ۺˡҶ纺ʼСǧڱ֮С
纺ҲΪٵıĿ⡣
͡
ͻȻʱһȼյ͡͵
ɻ桭𣡣
Ҷ纺ȥͼһŷӡڣһһɴСȻӡסҲȻȵȼš
Сǧ͵磬ӡһ̫ˣҲֻܷӡôһ㣡
κҼɻ𡢽ٻҪڵҲͣͨ󣬾ȻܼԦֲֿǧͼΪ
ΪЩСǧڳΪʮƷ֮ĴڣǰҲʮƷ
ţҲ򵥡˶δɹСǧֻеȸΪڵǿߣΪɽǿߣܿʼ취Ϊ
ҪŸһ̤ͬ磬Ҳ˵ı룡Сǧ˷ܵС֡
Ǻǣ
Ҷ̲סСǧͷСһɰ͸纺Ҳϲ纺Цݡ
ֱһĹޣ֪˯˯ǳԣҶҲû취˯͵ñԵóΪ⵰
ҲǻڷշӡʱôǧͼܵӰ죬ӡҲߺˣСǧİ취޽̫֮࣬ޣܳԵ𣿡
룬̫вǸδãǽ޵ʱ
ء
޺ȻѹСβ֪ͣʲô˼ذСβͣȥǰȻԥһɫշӡشУһ˿˿
޲𣬾ǲһ̫ࡣ
Ǻǣ㲻ǰģСǧǼˣʲô
Ҷ纺ǰߣСǧʮּɵ̸Ҷȷǰ޶ﻺôһ޴Ű칦յòˡ
Ҫ೤ʱͲö֪ˡ
Դ
𽥽뱦ͷ;ı̫̫࣬࣬һϢݵĸ֪ҶȶʱĿȥһŷӡ֮УȻƯŶһɴСľԴҶǷݾԴȥˡ
纺ҲԴƺһμɽıԴԴȻ̺ɽ磬ΪıԴǰݾԴںϣôڵľ磬һӵ
ҶҡͷûڵΪȫվԴֻ˷ѣϴںһС־Դֻں֮һ˷ˣ
־ϧںϡ
ݾԴô޴󣬿ˣСǧõģҪռľԴСǧΪɽһʸ񣬳Ϊ𷨱
ݾԴҶȸ˲Ƽ򵥣ȴ̺޵ļУ˭õЩҪ˵룬СǧСǧ硣
СǧͻȻΪؿҶȣ磬ǰµʶ磬յˣһҲǸΪǿߵĵ̣
Ŷ
Ҷʮֺ棬ټСǧôģ纺ҲǺ⣬ƺ֪Ҷȸıʲô
ɣСǧ̷˫֣ӱͷֳһ޵ķӡ
纺ȻһҶȾǿҡ޵ĿռϢ
Сǧ΢΢ɣһŷӡˣΪµġߡУһ̣

ߵĴУ
ҶȻһ΢΢ز̵ѪҺʼڣҲԽԽ١
ߣ֮УǺٳֹʣɽ֮Уеõ֤ģֻһߣ߱ͨߡߡѪ߶ټʣ̫ʼֻߣһʡ
Ϊߣͳǧͼ־
ߡһںߣɽ磬㲻߶Сǧ̷Ҳﶼȥãңû˿κң
ʱ˿̣ҶȲСǧΪ˵ΪߣҶȵӵֿĵ̡
СǧҶ˼ԼҲЦͣ·ޣ¸ͣ磬ֻߣſաںϸֿռ䱾Դ緲Ĵ½Դ½֮ģ㾧Դ֮ģλ汾Դλ֮ģɽľԴֻߣںϣıԴҲֻߣںϣ
ߡ֮УΪ֮һ纺Ҳһ𾪡
Եˣ
ӡȻһƯ׷ǰ׷ȴǳâһŷӡͷ·ͷƵģڣͷһ䡢ɣȻ𾴵˵СǧѾҵµˣϷ֮ʣҲźȥǧͼϷķһĹ屦Ҫúϧûʣ޷ش߶ǧͼѹ֮Դ⣬Ϸ仯֮֮УþӷߵУȡһж̫ͻȻͷֻӵϷİٷ֮һҲֻܵõϷٷ֮һѪߣȴϷͷӵϷʮһϷվڹȥ磬޷δ֪δ㣬ʲôˣϷϣѪҪ֮úõģôǧͼȥңԶǿհɣСǧүүΪģֹڴˣúøˣ滭Ӿʵɣδĳһ죬Ҳƿ֮У


1158 ɾ
ģʥенԶ
գҶȡ纺Ĭ£Сǧᣬʱ̣˵Զʧ
ʲôҲû£ɫĳ
ǺģҲδ
޳ź
ˣİɣСǧңһδʵֵԸɽ꣬ص磬δ
֪ΪΣҶԲ˵仰
·Ǹһλߣյĳŵ
ߣҲṼġ
ҶȻӡ˵һҶȺڴҲаգһͷֻӵ˰ٷ֮һմС
ҶȵǶôǿϸֻͨҪһ˿˿ѪӵмߵĴУ˵
Ҷаգں֮󣬴ﵽʮһΪһѪĴڡ
ӴˣҶҲһʡ
ֱҶȽӡ纺Сǧ뱦룬һЩر
ʵȻǿСǧϵҪӡܣڵľͷƽ⿪ӡӡ˵ĴУһͨƻӡҲƻˣ
ӡ֮УҶȾ͸ܵƺ˵ľ޴ΧУԶŷӡ֮Ҷȡ
ɣߣҳɾͳۣΪǿߣܳΪߣӴԺ˭赲ҵĲɽδڷĴ棬δȲ
ҶȻͷзܣڷһжʧˣѪӲ𵤷ӡ֮УޡڰĴ־Ҳһͬͷţʮٵ
Ҷȣ
ͣ
ӡ֮ͻȻͷͬһȼ
֮Ϊͨ죬ͬѪһĴڣзӡ֮ϵӿѪ
Ĵͨ˲Ҷ۷
Ѫзӡ֮ӡͲˣѪֱӷҶȵüģҶ΢΢رۣо̣üġ
ʱһɱϢȫ
ֱĸо·ֻص޾գǿµĺϢɵ˲ΪڳۣҲǴ粽С
оϯȫͷŵѪҲԶʮ̺̫һѪɺ䣬žͷҲʧȥ˸о
䣬ǻ
Ժڰڰо޾ıϢ
ͻȻҶȸܵʲôصĴڣԼĲ׷ľǻ޼˻״źڰ߱ǵ֮УŹڰ˵ȴԺڰ
ǺڵĲ½𵤣ʼתս𵤣ӿٵ˵ĺ
֤ʵҵ룬ҵҵպÿںյڰգֻеĴڣȻҲںڰ֮Уڰ˺ڰߣպñҵĲ½գ
ҶȱͻںϸУ˱Ϣ
Ϣ½ںϣеĲںϣ̫һ֮УҲ̺ռϢӷ򣬴ӽ𵤵Ԫ񣬼Ϣ
ձϢڲϵߣںϣͷŵףǺϢȻҶȸоǧͼ·ڵһָ֣оҶȵͫȻһԶս
Լӵеս֮Կǣʱʱ֡
ţҶȲڴǧͼڲ͸䣬ԶսΧԶա
ʵⲻǡǸ֪
ݸ֪ѾҶȵʶʶ֮УεȵĻĸ֪
û뵽ߵĸ֪Ȼ˿ֲ
ȻظܵռڵһУǿռκεҶȽۣҲûֵĸӦ
ҶںϣҶȻҲͨ䣬֪磬ԽǧͼָӦҶг𺳣𺳣Ȼռ䣬ǸӦӿֲ
ֻںͷ˵ĸӦôΪߵĴ˵ĸӦҪҶȿֲǧ
ӵеһͷŸӦκεˣͬʶԸӦ⻹þµ͵Ϯ
ߵĴУδҶȻźϢ͸ȫӽ𵤵ƤѪҺɺҶֻǴ߶ѪɺľԪԶںϡ
ģҶȸܵѪУǿռ亮ϢѪ⵽ƤëͷҲһǿռĺ䣬ƺûڿռУһëҪܵռѹȡ
ƺû¶ȣս𵤣ͷųޱȹںϺϢɲͬĽ𵤣γһųںϵ״̬

֪״̬ж೤ʱ䣬ҶȸоϢʧһʵУ㻺ۣһ˲䣬Լտռ΢
۾һУƯһ֮С
յĴڣеʣκεıԼеʡ
Ȼ͸˿ռĴڣ
˼Ҫ֪޵ģ޵ģ˽֮⣬ǿκʽ硣
ҶȴˣģģƯţдǧͼ䣬纺ԼƺϵСڡ
ߵж𺳵ģ
ҶȻվ˸о֮ǰͬϤζֻʣһ֣ʲô·Կ磬ʲôһʣһκֱ˿ռĿ
ԣںʮ֮һΪһߣʮһѾҲͬˣΪʵӵߣ
еı仯ҶȷţԼɾߣһжߵˣָ֪
ʱ纺Сǧ첽ոռҶȵһۣ纺¶ϲĿ⣺Ϣоڣ͸һɿռеĺ䣬Ҳһ˿˿Դζ
СǧҲ̲סɰ˵ϣ˵Ϣˣýӽ˵ζܽܽˣ
ǳɹΪߣں˵ĴУӵʮ֮һ纣Ӵɽ磬˭Ҳ赲ҵĲȥ磬ʣһ籾Դ磬˭Ҳκβң
Ҷɵ˵Ĳǰδ
δδ
ڰĿꡣ
СǧЩúţôݾԴԺ뾡취ͨᡢ򡢽׵ȷʽռľԴҶȸСǧԴ˵
Сǧͷû⣬С˼ҲԽı׷׷ŽСǧװʣֻҪСǧ岻ʶǰȫģ
ˣڻعռɣʱۣõǧͼֳΪߣһҪܳʱУ򣡡ҶȻ񾭱ýģõ̫࣬Ҫʱ뾫ȥ
һξ޴ɱ䣬Ҷϳˡ
Сǧͷһ⣬һǳ̰֮Ҷ纺ͻϤ硣
纺ص֮ģУоǣҶ̳ϷغţȻûдӳΪߵľϲУع


1159 ǿֶ
ʣ
Ҷû뵽Լһ죬Ҳɾߡ
Ȼֻʮ֮һѪΪϾ϶յ̽ŶգҳΪߣ
Ϣس£ھָҶȲõʱ䣬ΪۣҶҲٵǿУõǧͼһʯ
һУڤڤ֮ж㼯һ㡣
ҶͷŲ򡢴߶¯Ҫú̫ͨ컯ȭ龻֡޼˻סڰ׾֮޼ս˻ơײ
֮Թɹ޽塢âϱȵ
еͨʵӱʵõ츲صı仯ʥǹǰһǹɱԲڣһǹ̳κڳ۶䣬ڳڣոսڵǿߣҶȶһǹնɱ
컯ȭȻǰʽ졢Ե޵С졢ңƺۣ컯ȭʽ޷ֳĪҪȵҶȽ󣬲Żᵮ
ʽֻء졢죬ÿһжһѵֻУ
컯ȭ޵񼼣ʽҶҲԶԶ޷ͨﵽ󣬲ﵽָ߶ȣ޷ӳ컯ȭ
龻Ҳ¿ʼᣬУҶȶֵ֪һ߶ȣġҲ򣬻龻Ȼǰأɾͳۣ޷á
ſʼڰͨ޼˻ס
һڰķӰҶȵ󣬴߶Ԫһͬкڰ׾ҪԪܴ߶ͨպÿֿͨԪ񣬺ڰ׾ǿޱȣҶҪʩչκڳۣᱻ˲ٻʱ׹
ͬʱӶ֣ʼ޼ս˻ƣ󹥻Ǿκһ֣ȴ
һ֮ҶȾͿʼ޼˻ǿʽ֮
ϽӡԳ۵ϵƯһ޴֮ʮɣԸӾ޴֮ǺڰеרŶԸʿ顣
̤޼˻׻Ҷȴİ
һǽײ
ҶʮʺԼõģĿǰû٣ĲжٵÿһֶȥУֻʺԼһ֡ʮֶ֡ԣÿԼı¡
ͨԽȻյͨԽ࣬ǸߣһգҲ̫ƽӹ
ײҲףˣģԻǻʱ䣬ʮ飬üײﵽˮ׼
ÿһֶͷβһ飬ɵ۴ﵽۣ᷽Ҳͻƣϵر仯߲ϵᣬҲͬ
һУ໥ġ
ڵΪҲſ߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ۡǬɡ۳ƹӵȵǿߣ洦ͬ߶ȡʸһâ
Ҫ֮ͨҶʵѾﵽڸ֣ϴǧͼʣҶѾɽκߡͷ棬ȻǵĶ֣ڶܾնɱҶӵǿֶΡ
ûвſԷȥκ顣
֮ԹâϱǾһҲо޴ջ񣡡
޵˵ĴУ֮
Թ
գâϱ䡣
һֶɽﵽԽʮɼĳЩ棬ѴﵽΡ
ɵȻ࣬дԼ£Ѿﵽ۸߶ȣҲҪﵽһн׶ΣϾ磬ЩɵȻҲеͷ
Ȼ֮Թ׷ļ£ʵǳԽ˵ĴڣԼΪҲǿԼȥҪ޵ˣ磬ôѰ֮塣
âϱ䣬һŲȱûоͷҲͷҶȿ԰âϱ̫վ
𣡣
еͷβ顣
ҶȺȻ̯ģһɴŻȴֳĻ棬ںϵ޵Ļ棬
ӽԺֶһ𣬿ԻҲԴȵȷ棡
¯֮Уǽ𵤡֮УһЩͨҲ̺˷
̷ַƽ顢ǧͼںܸȤǻڤ򣡡
뷨ɱ䣬ȻҲҪںһ
еķҶȶںϣҪʮףֻһһֱУǴӻǵõĻڤ
ǼͷŽ꣬ڻʱգޱȼӲʯ˲
ʣڤһԳǿ
ͬҶȲδںһѡʺϵƷһƽ飬ѷɫЩҶƫƫںΪƽʺҶС
̷ǺҶһֱڵȴĳ֣ǲֵҶȥںϣӵС
ڤҲһҶȿУһֱõ
ৣ
ش߶һĽ򣬾ʹڷɳ
ڤ⣬֣ǿƺҲʲôԴ߶Ϳչ
ҶȴŻڤ߶ʱ򣬲δͷŶԣһҪȫȥ߶
ƣ
һָڻڤķӡ֮ϣȻ÷׼ڻŵʱӡģڻ䣬֪ᷢʲô
Ҷȼɵһȴֻڤôη壬ǾƯվռԣƺĲֵԣȻա
޷ѱڤںϣһںϣͿԴ߶
ҶȻ¶Цݣϴ߶һѪشָڻڤ֮ϡ
ણ
Ѫոڽ֮ϣͷһ⣬ƺѾӦһںˣ䣬ҲųҶȵѪʱںˡ
ݣݣ
һҶʧɫĽӻڤ򱬷ŵҶȴ߶ܣɲǿЦġ
ڤһתΪһƬָĽ꣬Сָ࣬ǧԶԶȥһƬԵ㡣

ڻڤͷŹ̬棬ɳһӡǣҶԪԺͳ˻ڤ֮ķš
Щ֮У¼ڤͬĹ̬
ʱԻΪĽ꣬ҲԻΪһ񽣣ҲԻΪС񽣣ԼֵĽ״ڷһϣͿԻΪһ㣬Ǳڤ򱣻š
ţʲô
ֲûܳưԻҹȣΪߴ֮ףڴ˲ƽ󲿷ģֻ֪ڤͨĹ̬ŶδںϣȻãҲҪ̫Դ߶
Ҷ̴߶һ̬ķӡ꣬ٿȻͻΪһһɶ೤ԼƵ񽣣ȻһڤͻûΪҶȵȣʵǾ˫
ˣڵһʱӦľ쳷һȥָծɲÿǷ
ҶȻվ


1160 ̤޽֮
Զս
Ҷ纺Ӵ߳ոȻ֮УҶȾͿ˿磬ֻܿʣǡʯȵȣһЩͷܿһЩܼҶȲʣ޾о޴״
ҲǸйٷޱ䣬ҲʮֵӯһɣںϣҶһЩγ޷Ϳֲľƿؿռ䡣
һڳۣӵ־׵ͨ
ȻֻʲſԣҶûгΪߣҲ޷ڣƿؿռ䡣
ȫͬˡҶǣ纺װ壬ޱߵ磬ҶȾ͸оеһӡ
Ӵˣܵѹȣ޽֮أҲ޷ѹΪڣӵߵϢӵȻͬϢȻǲųͬϢ
ҶȿԿռ㣬иıܲܵѹƣ׾٣˸ŵ
Ȼ߶ͨıռͿѹκˡ
ˣ
ܿ죬Ҷȷһٷӿɽʱ̫ľʮˣ˷Χ
Ҷ÷顢ʥ⣬ʮ˽䣬Ȼͷһɽƣ纺̫ľ顢ʥһͬԶսŴ߶ͨս֮˴ǧͼڲ
ս֮·պڶˣܿûӰӣ˾޴ս׵ɣ̫ľֱ۾Ҳ֪Ҷȳɹۣڣȫ͸Ҷȵʵ
޽֮أǿߵ硭
Ҷȿ̫ľһۣ̫ľ֪Ҷʲô˼̷ǰҶ纺໹з顢ʥһͬ񷡣
һˣٶȲ죬Ҷƿؿռͨ£ÿ˶ܵɽ߿մľѹȡ
ɽԽߣѹȾԽ
ã˾ͼɽ嫽磬֮⣬޽֮أ޽֮֮ϣǾǴ˵е硣
Ӿɽڿȥ޽֮ؾһɫļɣɽѹ룬γһƬɫʣȥججδ硣
˴Ӿһոµ磬𽥾Ҫǰ
󣡡
ɽ۷壬֮£ҶȻػһץռƺӭһ΢磬˱㲽磬˲ڻ硣
ǣ
Ҷȹӡߣƽ̤޽֮أʱһɺصѹȣ˷ӿоһذСʯסƵģ޷⶯
Ҫ֪ҶȿǳΪѹҶȽղ࣬ʱҶɵ۶ѣɼ޽֮صѹȣʵڱѹҪ޴Ķ࣬Ϊһѹǵһա
ҶͷϢ˲䣬ѹͼˣȻʧͬʱͫе޽֮أɽ࣬һ޴㣬γ޽֮أֱĲͬС㣬ͬһݡ
ҶΪֻܿӦǧ޽֮صĿռ䡣
޽֮صʮϡɽǧ֮һΪΣ޽֮زʺ嵮һɵۣ޷̤޽֮أ̤룬Ҳݽ߶Ǳ޽֮ѹֱѹ
ž޴죬ν˶Ҷȸ֪޽֮ʱղ࣬ʱʱ̿ȶռ䶼޽֮Ϊɽ֮䣬ĸĦѹȵȵ硣
ˣ޽֮زŻѡ顢籩׵ȵȵȻ˶ţЩѹһƬ޽֮رըըɳ
˵Ľأ޽֮ء
ȥ޽֮ؿյģղ࣬ûд½Щֹ΢΢Ưʣû֮أҪˣԴȥշУ޽֮ٵĿʱʱ̶̿ûڵΪ޷޽֮أߡ
ڳ۸̤޽֮أڲŻ̤룬޽֮أڡھͷ磬Ҳֶۡɽۡɴۡ໨ŴۡۡǬˡ޵Щ̾ᡢݺ硣
ҺҶȵӷ̤ɽʱɽ֮޽֮أЩϤĸо
ȲżҾ͵Ϣϰ޽֮صѹȣ
Ҷֻһ䣬ڵ޽֮ѹȾʧ˴룬оɽһģܵѹȣȻһɹ޽֮ػӿ
ҶרŸıռ䣬޽֮ٵĿĿռУ
˿ʼϢɡ
Ҷ纺ں󷽣纺ҲӦ޽֮أʵǿᣬҲ޷˲ϰ޽֮أ޽֮ص̫죬̫ɽ
ҶȣڵȴľյٷѾ߶ľ쳣̤޽֮أھ͵ȶľϢڵλá
޽֮طǳ嫣ӣٷݲɽǰ㳩ͨ衣
ʱһȥڼӦ޽֮ʱһɴ֮ǰɫʱռٵط
ţ
˼ͬʱΪٷ۾
Ҷһԭʧգ֮䣬ҶȱץסһٷֳΪߣȥҲΪûκεռ䲨Ϣ
̫ľ㿴⴦λںδ
ٷıҶգȻͷһοռͼ̫ľ߹
̫ľһӴһɽΰͼͨԱȣҶȡ纺ˣ֪޽֮ɽȫǶյģҲ˵޽֮ɽ緽λһģһ
̫ľͼƺѾմŷλ˵޽֮Ȼɽһһ£ʱȫͬΪûо½Ϊֻ꣬ҵŷλҪҵλãֻеƬͨ˫ٷϢӦ˴˴ڣ޽֮أ԰ȫģҪ޽֮ҵһˣʮֵѣ

Ҷͷſռƿͨ˼̫ľǰٶȲ̫죬ٶȷУٶɽ磬ţ޽֮شǿߣҶȿɲ뱬ɱ֮
޽֮𽥳Ҷ纺ǰһƬţߣʱʱиȻ٣һУ˺ѵȻɼԲ񣬻ãᱻ˺÷顣
һȣ
дԼ꣬ƬջǺңԶҶȿǡǲǴ߶ǧͼֱƶʱȻԶյĸ֪ܵʮϢʥɽϢ֮һˣʥɽĵӡʥɽҲ֪Σ
һϢ
һӦ纺̫ľ뷽顢ʥһͷˮҶȺȻˣǹȥ˺£ʥɽԨԴֶ״ӣ޽֮أţϵʱ̣
ȥ纺ûʲô¶ʮֺͫ⡣

ҶʩչߵˣӦλһɽ磬ȫеٶȣ˲ƣһһƬһɾ޴ɳеĿռ䡣
໣
˸ոͣ£ʱɳУһľ޽
ǡļޣ
̫ľȿɳУҵԴԴͷԭһͷ޴оޣϳž޴̣׷ɱʮˡ
Ҷȵ˼Ǿޣһ⣬δ
̫ľˣһһ͵ļԪޣڻΪӵĿռ䣬ҲǶԪ̣ǿڸָռ䣬ɵ棬޽֮أǱȽϺޣϹͥǿߣץסļޣ¼ڹżУ


1161 ǿ֮
ļޣ
Ǳ׷ɱʮˣһǳۣΪڲˣûһڸ֡
Щ˼ɽɵĵӣƺ޽֮زǺϤŻ˿ֲ޽֮ݺĻļޡ
ԼĪκҶȿ֮顢ʥȥļնɱԽ֮Χ
ǣ
顢ʥͬһֱɫռ䣬޽֮ؾѹȣȻһǿңǷ·ͨԦһѹԺܿͽɳпռ䣬ҶҲطɹȥ
ٷδӦ
ɳ룬ʮˣ޴ɳĻļһƣɳҲʮ־ˣԴݻپƷڳۣҲвģɱ¾ӿֲ
ļƺʮ˽ɳУԲһƽΣվء
Ϊļ޵Ǿϵߣ֪޽֮أöԿռ˽⣬ɱٵˡ
˴ɳ̫Ӵ󣬿ܻıǵϢٷһʱ޷ѰǵλãҵȣҲ
һγɵͷһֹļ޽Ȼ˼Ÿ־Ԯ
ļƤ̫̫̣ʮƷϣҲʹԴ츳Ȼ޽֮ظ档
ԼһƷʮƷķ߶ȡ

ۿ֮ʣӰƺ޽֮Լһ㣬ƺƵطպһ˶ϣĿ¶
໡
ļ޾޴ʱתͼ뷽ʥС࣬ȫ޴һͻʮɳļβͣž޴̣վͳ顢ʥɨȥ
ৣ
βɨƴɳĦ
䣡
ļȫһɨ˶ڴجβҪȻ޴βɨڷʥϣֻۣ׾͵סļޡ

һķ飬ʱո߸߷ͬ׹ǣգ۾ڻļ޺󱳾޴У˫ֱץסһ޴̣һ⣬ףһ޴̴ӻļƤƤ
ѪɣһѪܵ飬һץһѣȻΧ
ء
ļ޸û뵽ǿʹҽУһĻЩ˸ľ
ͣ
ʥͷųһϢʥӡ֮ʥǷʥĿȴ·Ҫֹסսͷžӡ
ɱץסӡ֮˲նļͷ­޴ͷ­ӡֱ֮ͷ­˲Զ룬Ȼ֪֮δļ޵򱻷һҲ롣
ֻƬ̹򣬷顢ʥ׽ƤֵĻļޣ͵նɱû˿谭
λֶ״Ҷȣвѳҳɣ
һӰ֣Ҷֶ£ڷ顢ʥ룬ԾʮĿɿڴǰ
ֶ״ӣҶȣ
ˣȷֶҶȣڸոսɽϣֶ쵮½ŵӣλҶȵѣһˣ
Ҹպôţ̨֮⣬Ҷѣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ֣ݣ˲ſʼȻ򣬻Ϊľ֣û뵽ֶӡ
ңڳһˣҶйһţۼ
λѣ¸·ƬʱգǶͬˣ·֮£»Ҫ£ʹ˰ݱ𣡡
ҶȿɲȺģĿѴﵽȻֶӣӴҪΪֶ룬һӸ֮¡
˵̼꣬ʹŷ顢ʥתȥٶȻǷǳˣʮУѾǲ˼ٶȣʣɾþ޷
ļںδ
Լʮ󣬼˴ӻշͷ֮ˣһ˺һƵˣһ۷֣ÿһˣļ޽ֵ
Ԫǰ
ʱϲ⣬ϷɳɳУ뼸λڸ߿ռ棬˶˹ʩ
ˡԪ衯ʱҪ²յٷŶļ޾Ȼնɱˣ
ʱǲע⵽ɳƯһ߻ļ޵Ĳк
һ˵Ԫǰһ֮ǰֶ״Ҷȣҵѣǳնɱ˻ļޣ
ֶҶȣ
Ԫ΢΢һȻͫͻȻͷ콣âԭɽ罻ϣƽڵĵӣԪƲйһսȻǺһǱͬСɣû뵽Ŷ̶̼ǧ꣬ʵ̤޽֮أ
ǵģҲò˼飬ɽֻɵ۲룬Ҷѣɵۣû뵽ôۣʵ˵ǿ
겻ѡ
ȻǶల£ϿȥǸŸ֣뿪Σ֮أһҪ£ɢȥɣ
ɽǿĽɵĸ֣ԪͬԵ˵꣬һ˷ȥʣ¼λֱ뿪

Ƭʱգ
һṦԶ԰ƵĻУһǺֳҶ纺顢ʥ̫ľֳ
̫ľŲ˼𺳱飬ͷȷƬգֻתתȥϵҵڣ
ֻǼҶȵ˾ʹңԶʱգգƬգҶ纺ϰߴǧͼͨǷ顢ʥ̫ľЩӦ벻޽֮أȻ˷˼ٶȡ
ٿ
Ҷͷųһٷֻٷǰպܿʧˡ
˲ӣͻȻһϢҶȸӦΧڣԼڰ֮ʱգӦ֮УһӣΪ̫ӣֿһЩҶȲſһꡣ
ƿҶͷųȥٷϢϵطжٶȺܾˣԽڡ
Ȼһڵĸ֣
ֶӣҶСֵܣ
˰̣ڴշ¶һżΪƽͨգһϢһ˿͸ΪȴӲҶȵĸӦ
Ҷ걧ȭҶȣ
ͣһɨҶȵˣ¶΢΢Ŀ⣬һЦǺǣͺãľСڽӴ֣ǰӭСֵܣλҹȥɣ
ҶֳȻ纺ʥ顢̫ľ꣬ڳͷǰ
̨֪ƣֶ죬̨ȸ֣Ԫϼ𣡡
˿ٷţҶƽٶȷУδֳٶ𽥽ɫգҶȱʵ
ǡ⡯˳ơӡľСϵǳҲԳƺҷӴ磬ҲУؼ⣡국˵
ӣҶȻ棬ΪɶΪԼѰƺ
ǰǴƯɵ½أΪƺ׳ǡ޽֮УֻǺͨ½أǺܷʢʱеɱУҲ޴룬ľСڸ֣ۣ
Ȼգͫͷͫ⣬Ҷȵָһ齥ֵ½ذ顣
˿ȥǴ½ξһֻչף޽֮طУ޷չԶͣ
ƺ׳Ǵ½ΧƯŲٵʣССϵسƺ׳֮С
ö֣֮һڣ
߱ܵĸ֪ѾҪ̤ƺ׳ʱҶȵĸ֪УȻмʮڸ֡
ֱǿߵ硣


1162 ľ쳵
ʮڣʲô
ھɽ磬ֶڣҶȻδȷһǿߣȻҶȵɵ۵ʱ޷ϢΪĸ֡
κһţӵ֡
Ϲͥ칬ϹͥҶȾ͸ӦϢضڸ֡
ڳͷ֮磬Ȼڵĸ֣һ𣬴ǡ
޽֮أУһССͨĳ򣬾ȻмʮǿߣҶ֪Ϊ˵޽֮ǿߵ硣
ƺ׳ԽԽҲԽԽ޴󣬵ȻȲĳǳأֱֻʮѣҶʵ磬֪ľСټô
㲻֪
Ҷôһʣⷴһ⣺ľС㵱ѣһʱѰұ֪ħġ޼͵Ϯ߱ɱ˶ľСѣľСΪѣܵˣʩչͨӳζľСټķѣʮӵʮ۳ƹҲˣ
۳ƹӡ
ԭľ⣬޽֮شڵĳɣŸ۳ƹҲˣȻ򵥡
޼ǺҶȾֺ֮̾࣬ʵ
΢΢ָɫΪ˵Ǹʮħͷħһӣ޽֮شһΪﵽڳ۷壬ڵжλãһϹħ޽֮ظɱԽ£֪˶ҲǴҪһ
жΣʵࣿ
һҶ˴ŵ뷨ֲ޼ӵлһʵȻ޽֮ݺᡣ
˵ľ쳵ʵҲڡ
ʱҶȲŷԼɵ۵ʱǶôСĿǶôǳľ쳡۳ƹΪϢͨɵܿģڣҲԿ
Ȼܴ󣬵ˣһȵĸ֣
վס
ۿҪںƺ׳ǣͻȻӴ½еĳǽΧɳʮˣǴԶŲ䣬ҲЩǳ˴磬󲿷ֶڡڣҲһڵˡ
⿴Ҷȵˣʾ⼸˰޽֮أаħǿ޵ȹռ򡢳ǳأӶᱦԻԸַʽУҪϵķܽУϢǻ֪Щڸ־ۼľС㲻֦ݾߣ
˵֮ʹӴóһѷ
Եʮɱ
ɣ
Էּȷƺ׳ǵǼǹϢ̾˽ƺ׳ǡ
Ҷ纺ƺ׳ǣҹڵĴ½ȻʶͬģҲǻҺɫīɫһƬǻɽҽȴγɵĹ̬ʡ
ƺ׳Χûʲô磬ɽʱĲ࣬˾ͳ޽֮ء
Խǽ˱أһƽ̹ĽֵҲвٵķ¥󣬿һӣҶȸӦ֮ƺ׳ǴԼٶˣռ֮һ඼ڣɵۣһûС
ֵʱʱмѲߣҶȵ˽룬һߵĿջȥ
֣
ջмˣⱧȭʩЩˣǴͨΪȴڵĴڣǻ࿴Ҷȼۡ
ҶҲʩȻջڣ⻹һ㣬м壬ˣǷ糾͵ӣպ䣬ǸӵϢ
ҶСܣ
Ȼ¥˼ˣŮӣԱһӣڶ¥Ҷ΢Цߺһ
۳ƹӡľ쳣
ҶһƳ¶ɫ۳ƹӣԱλŮӣһλϤĶľ쳣һλϢİľ쳡ȸӵϢҲʮӵĳԱ
۳ƹľһЦҶ÷顢ʥ̫ľ£ѡ˸ӣ纺¥ȥ
ҶС磬ǧ겻ϲС̤볬ۣ
¥
Ҷȴ纺۳ƹӼ棬۳ƹӻǸӸңģҶ΢΢һЦȻ纺ۣ纺ҲһֶӵĴ磬ּҶ⻤۳ƹƺ֪ʲôϵ
۳ƴ磬ľС㣡
Ҷ纺һͬʩ
ʱҵãѩ߰ɣǽ˵ľ΢΢صҶȣŮӽһȻԱߵķ䡣
Źϣ˶ľ쳽¶׵գԱλѩҲҿ˿һͬѩӨĮգȥѩɽеһѩֻԶۡ
ʮӣһһò
˵ľСˣʱҪɽ٣̫Ǹȸʦѵһ֪СΣҶԹ⣬Ĳھεؿľ쳡
ƻָ߰˰ˣֻǱ뵤ų⣬һħڵѷ촦ȫʧȥ˺ܶԣżа취Ϊһָԣ
ټô֣նɱ޼ɼľ쳶ָʵڸ֣ѩޣҪնаħ
Ȼû⣬ҡ޼µħҲԳԣܲ뷨֮УѹУ
Ҷϵͷûһ˿ԥ⡣
ľ¶⾪ϲЦݣѩ۳ƹӣãﶼԼˣھͷűͷŵͿˣ粻ȻҪǧָܻ
뺫ѩСΧֹ⣡
۳ƹվѩҲ֪ľ˵ʲôľȻһЦѩ۳ƹڴͷųһڵķ
ಡ
ľ쳰ѵ뱾ó˿ĻᱻҶ纺ƻ˫΢΢һһˣȻһѷ죬ѷ֮һħ棬ϵȼյѷ죬ͬƹ֮
ͬʱһϵԷӵзɳ
Էһϵķкǿԡ
ľһҲҡ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲľϴԼˣΪӵ޵˵Ĵеͻ˼ڿһжҶɡ
ħȻ޼ħĸʴպÿС㣬Ҫһ£ȰѶ
ڶľ쳡۳ƹӡѩע£ҶȴݲȣһץһصķϢϴѷ촦
͡
֪ħƺӦвȻʼľ쳵ҪӹҶȵƵģֲĸʴ
ɸʴľ쳱԰ɫɼжôʹ࣬ǺѩӣǱ۳ƹֹסˡ
ɣ
Ҷȿüͷʵװģħʲôǵѹڻǰʵչǰʱξľ档
һɷϢʱƷħҪ뵤ڲʱ৵һͻȻҧסħβͣסħ档
ͣ
ʼҶȵϣҲ˴󺹣Ȼǹװģô࣬ôԳæ˶ܰġ
ġħ۳ƹҲݵľ
ɣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷƴ֮ʼڣʱǷ϶ħ棬һ뿪硣
Уڶľϵĥ

Լӣڰħϳ磬Ѹײڶ֮ƣħ˷ӡ֮С
ҶĨĨһˮغһڳɹˣ


1163 Ϯ
ٺ٣޼̵ĸħû뵽˸պÿƣ۳ƹվں󷽣ҲһĨЦݡ
㣡
ѩ̱ǰŶľ˫֣ϰο
İɣħ뿪ˣҲŶĥľ쳴һЦݣźѩ˫֡
ɺ޵޼ҪҡѩȻʮ֮УһŮӣɱ
ľɫ𽥻ָʮִݵЦ֮飺ǽ޽֮أٵĥѣʲôүү˵ҪϵĥܶһүүҪǻкܳ·ȥߣǱүүڵģ϶Ҫúһ٣ģȥˣ
С㣬޼ܲˣ۳ƹӦһ
ָԾҪһʱ䣡
ҶȵϢһ󣬼ɣϢƺδָ۳ƹӡѩľ쳶
ֻ纺һֱһ࣬ûжɫ仯֪ҶһУΪϵʩСƶѡ
ѩӼľ쳽һ뿪ʱƳһҶȣĿ΢һѵЦ⣬ƺͬҶߡ
ľ磬ѻָһݶҶȣҪСһЩϹŷһϵϹǳһǧܴ߶һΣպô߶ϣ޼͵Ϯͷ˲ɢ
ȷӵкǿƺĹϷ
ľϸѣҶͷŸӦڶľ쳲δʩչӡʱеķӡҶ޷ӡֻܸܵһɲɽϵݷС
ԣ
֮ͬǲ߶ģһжľһԿƷ
Ҷһη֣һϢ˫ͷų˫ƿƣȻشͷţľҲ׼ʱ䣬߶ӡɵӿС
ôˣӵ˶ԣɿƣ
Ų࣬ѩһֱܲɫҶһһƺ֪һڵĳֻۣһѣΪλƿ
۳ƹһֱͷͨƿطҲһЦ˾Ͳ֪ˣɽϣҼⷬͨҲʮ⣬һɵȱ£ķޱߣ˰
ô۲ۣ
ת˲ȥ
֮䣬Ҷһֱδһ֣ͷԣӿϹŷ֮Уƺԣ޾
ľ쳿ƺһֱҶ㺬һ֮ɫתʵ
С㲻õģЩֻƿصķѣֻҪͷһЩԪСưˣҪģҪ칦򣬲÷ָһСҪٴδ߶һǧܴ߶һ𣿡
ҶȻۣƲƣĲԪףЩ˯ζ
Ȼ󣬵һնɱɨϰ޼ȷЩͨʵеȣǼΪƻƲͻߣһϢͨ
С㲻ƣҲԸ޼
ˣʵС㣬ֻҪ㣬޽֮زЦʱʱ̶̿Σգ㿴ھɽ磬Ķôڣܵ͵ϮҪв
ǴУΣҲãҲգеһ֣ʱʱ̶̿پ֮УҪ棬Ȼ޽֮أҾ׼Խƿ
ǺãȻԼ֮ģҾͲȰ㣬ʵܿóں֮֮ʵɲ⣬ܿ͸ΪףҪ͸ʵҶ޷
ľ¶Цݣ·Ҷȵһ⣬оһиС
ҶǻΣһҪľһ֮޽֮ǿߵ磬֤ʵ޽֮Ǻεȸ߶ȡ
ȻϸӿϹŷ֮УǴʱڸ͵ϮľҶȣ˴˺
ˣ
ԭһжڴУȹʱͻȻƺ׳ǵϿգһ󷨵Ĵ߶𶯵
ţ
Ҷľͬʱɫ
ƺ׳бʣȳȥǺη󱲣۳ƹľһЦ˲仯ΪӰˡ
Ȼ޽֮أ˾˵ٶȣҶȲ갵̾۳ƹڣ磬ӦôﵽԲ
ԲԶԶԽڳڡжΣȻûڵʵѾھͷ֮£޵еĴڡ
ֲ鹫Ⱥ棬ԭʵز¶
ҶСܣ㹻ˣ취ƺ׳󷨴д·Ҳһ¾
ľ쳿Ҷ˵
Ǿ͵ΪֹҲ޽֮أҲʶʶ޽֮ľʣҶȻɿ˫֣Ϲŷ¼𽥵ʧȥԣŶľɣϹŷ¼ͬڡ
ʱϹŷ¼ʧҶϢҲڻָ
ľ׾ѹϹŷ¼̾Ȼ纺˫ĿԣϹŷ¼ǿԶľ޷ԦġүүΪѹں϶ɣ
纺ȻͫһҶȣϹŷ¼ϹŵϢܿܣľ쳣ϹͥкĹϵ
һֱڲ²⣬ľүү֮ĵʱҾ룬үүһϹͥкϵʱͲȥ˽⣬պʮӹϵһȻ֪ϴҽϹͥϹͥڤڤ֮У˵ϢΡ
Ϣ纺ܾȣͫ仯ɫĿ⡣
ΪȻеĶߣڤڤ֮иоδõĳ죬һףϹͥ칬Ϊչ˵ǰ
ҶվϢʧ纺Ҳߣһԡ
ľȻɣѩػŲ࣬ȻһϤӰϢһֳ
۳ƹӡ
˿ѯʣ޼ûʲôϵһȺˣ͵Ϯƺ׳ǣ죬һġɵۡ
ɵۣ
ľһ뺫ѩӱȼվҲƬʱգһĵˣʵﵽΣ»ǧ֣Դ˿ɵڴƺ׳ǵ⣬ƺ׳ǣ޷һ֣֮Ǿ;䣬ʱ֣ܶ޼ڸһʱգǱʲô϶ñӻ죬鷳ӣߴ԰꣬ɵ۴˻ʶʱģ
ãȥߴң
۳ƹһûʩչǿǴţ˳ȥ
ľ쳿Ҷȣʾ纺£ҶСܣ޽֮صĵˣһЩھɽ׼ĸɣ޽֮أû˹ܵǣûԸȥǣ
֮Ҷһʣ칬ܣ
ľ쳵칬ĹЩС£ûеˣֳǵĴڱҪ칬Թ˲Ͼķ칬ɽʼһʱڣ
û뵽칬Ҳһͷʱ򣬿޽֮أԵһʱ䣬칬Ķзһһ
ҶЦ칬ѿ뿴ģ޲ûϽͣǰˮ
칬һ˿Ĵ


1164 龪һ
һṦ򣬿ջ˶
ľ۳ƹӣ뿪ͷһ¥һһѡ£Ҷ纺顢ʥ̫ľͬһϣԼ̨߰ˡ
ԼʮˣǶľĸ֣Ҷˣûһڣڳۡ
һ˵ǿҲȲôһǿߡ
һôɼʮ޽֮أжôĹϵ
˶ľһʮɢͣЩƺҲ֪ɵ۲õµˣǶۼһ¥ȾƷ裬ƺκ鶼δһ
ھ¥ˣˣʣ¼ƣˣϰ岻뿪ﶼȥˣ뿪ջᱻնɱڿջ˵һˣκסȺˡ
ɱ࣬죬ҲȻǵսľ
ٺ٣
ͻȻ䣬ĬĿջ⣬һڨڨЦɵˣһ䣬ź
䣡
ţһ¿ۡĵˣӴö֮ջûĴɱɱջڣɨһŵ÷Сһͷӣһȣ֪ϰѾˣǾͲҪ翹ˣѾ¥ĲͳͳóЩˣ䣬򡭡
ɱۣ
һͷӣɭɭĵЦ
ȥˣ
Ҷ纺һĮȻͬľ쳡۳ƹӵһţҶȸӦЩˣΪ⣬߰˶ڣƺ׳طɱĵˣһв¶ʮڡ
Ҳ˵ɽκһһţ޽֮أҲǸǿߣȥǵġ
޽֮رһ֮أֻҪֶΣҪʲôԵõ
λϡʵʵѴ佻ɣ֣֮νǮƶ
С̣ʼε˵һͶˡ
ڼ䣬˶ģԥԥ˲ֺ˭ûн䡣
иˣ۳ƹԱߵľվ֮ǰ۳ƹƳһۣվĿˣ·ͨ˷λøϾɱɣ
Īͷ񣿡
һͷӣɱ⣬޿ֵЦ
ͷΪȻȺˣ飬ǾͱҲλ˺޼ɵĻӦ
ڳս
ɫĿˣ˿ֻҪվô˾ͻй˼ɣ˭Ը׵ĸ
̣ͷӰ໥ԶۣͻȻһɱ֣

˫ˣɵõһںһ֣ǵ˻ǿջˣʧء
ˣˣɳɽӡһΧɱˣϴǸϿߣ
ۿɱһǵһҲЩԥڴʱͻȻӿǱĵˣһ·ܣһ·ߺ
ӣ
ͷһŵ˫ȷɷ˵һӣʮˣתܳջ
ͻȻһվʮˣɵ˵λȻɱ˹ȻҪɵ۵ģǻӣһͬˣ
ԣܷŹǣ
ŵĵˣ
νǽƣЩˣ֮ǰŵ޷ʩǶľһ˷һһͬɱջ׷˳ȥ
ɳɽˣҲʲô£λѣǾͳȥ޼Ϣʱգ
ľ쳻վ۳ƹ֮ǰ˵ˣλǿߣŶľ˵꣬һһͷҲ׷վ
û뵽һɱ¾Īʼˣ龪һ
ҶȻЩδΪҪ˶֣֪ɢˣ纺˸ڸһһ߳ջʱһƬ˼
ƺ׳ǽֵ洦ɼʬ壬ڵеˣǴ඼ˣҲӲרŶԸµˣЩ˱˻Ǹͷ­ƿֻ࣬ǰƤȡǣֱͬһɥĲаħ
ʵڿһˣŭڡ
ڸ֣ûֳΪŶľԽ߿գɳƺ׳ǣ޾ʱ
û뵽ӵƬʱգɳɽŮӣһ飬֪ٵĵ
Ϊҵ֮ϣֻ۳ƴ磬ʵ
Խ˵գʮɫҲ˿ʼһ߷Уһ죬ǹڸղƺ׳Ƿͻ¼
ˮ۳֣˵һ˵˵ԺʱƢԣɲҪ԰
֣ĪǶкøУҪСģǶκӣûһ˿øУ
ţǼ˵˵Ц۳ƹҲ˽۳ƹҲ޿κΣʱʱϼ䣬˾ôʱա
ˮӾ
ĩˣҶ纺ˣδöľչˣǺѩӣΪҶȵ˸޽֮أӦ޽֮أҪˣȴҶлһ·ǽڸֺ档
Ҷȱ޽֮ؾʮֺ棬ʲôˣʲôǿߣʲô¼Ȼ֮ǰɳɽͺ⣬ڲ²ʲôŮӣû뵽ˮ
ϫߵôҶȾͨɳɽùϵȻ˳ϣҵˮԭȴû뵽ˮ
޽֮غܴ󣬵ʱȴֻһ֮

Ȼշǳĺ䣬Ҳķ籩ǰЩ𽥵طٶȣϢҶȿһ۷顢ʥ̫ľҲֹͣɡ
ҶϸһǰƬʱգƺҲһ½أΪΧ籩УƯһЩľ޴ʡ
һ򣬺ˡޡ޳һҹ֮䣬䣬½Ҳˣ޼˾ˣλһҪħնɱڴˣ
ľ쳵˵ȴֹ֮ͣʱͬӿÿ˵Ժ
ܿ죬ʮ˾ͷֳСӣһһȥѩŶľ쳽Ҷ˶СӣȻźѩС봦Ưŷʵķ籩ʱ֮С
Ȼɳ·ųѩϵ޽֮أƺõδ޽֮ػȫʧΪһĴ½
ҪСģҲ޼ΧУ
ǰʱݷǰΧȫʣѩתҶȡ纺ÿˣض޼˱աϴεҴ棬ѣգʧȥԪ
纺ͻȻɱڵӦһұһɫ

ֻһƣȻѺѩӣһ֮⣬Ҫ֪ƣǺܾˡ
ѩޱȵش纺һƼΪֶͨӣû뵽纺Ȼز¶纺ƣ޷赲
ÿ˵ðźܴΣգ
ҶڲٳĬԣ纺ŭˣ𣬵걻Ƕ۾ٴ׷ɱľҶ̿ѩӣӣȴˣȴƬ̣һҵ޼ľֻ֮ҪƬʱգܲˣ
⡭ѩӺȻЩɣһڳҶȵʵһ棬Ҷǵ˴£
Ӧ
ѩԥһᣬͻΣһ֣ҶȿɲȥҲ뿴ľĸ֣ͷߵĸӦ


1165 ΢¶ͨ
Ȼ䣬ķ籩£ҶȵĸӦȻ͸ÿһգԼֻѰڵʱգԼӦˡ
˲䣬Ҷȵüͷһݾ㵣æѩӣͷӣߴң޼˾ȻʮͷޣڴԼʮһУһҿͻͷޣ͵Ϯˣ
ʲô
ѩһʱɫ
ôܣ
ѩӼҪʳһ𾪣һȻŻɣΪҶȲ޽֮أӦ˹ľ룬ңܸӦ޼ĴڣҪ֪һ棬Ҳһܰҳ
ܲɣ
ӣԥˣʱ䣬һ޼µУ֪ɺεȵĽ
û취Ҷ֪жΣգһ˵ҵĸӦЩǲһֻֻԼʮɳһɶߣԶԶȥһֻ󣿡
ǵģǵģѩ¶Ŀ⡣
ҶȲ޼ǲ°ͺܼ⣬һûмѪɫһۣмȼյħװΣ
ѩٴ𺳣شҶȣһɻ棺޼ô֪ģ
ӣ¸ӦģӸ˰ɣ
Ҷⲻ԰Լжôͨ󣬶Ϊȡʱ䣬ŲʩչͨúѩԼ֪ͨˣҪ޼Ȧס
ҡϾ֪ͨˣ
ڣѩѡҶȣ̼һʩչӡһעУһ֣ʮʱ˳ȥ
ͻͻ
˭֪ոʧڻʱУһɵͳ֮ǰˣһףը𣬽žͼǰɫԶգһ޴Ģƣһɹɷ籩
ˣһ𣿡ĢƣҶѾ֪˴޼µ塣
ѩӶʱһ԰ף·˴µڼҺӣϵԼǶգңң
ӣ㣬ľ£ңҲҪˣе飬Ԥ֪Ҳ޷ȥֹ¾޳ڷҲȥˣӦ֪˴ƣǸϹȥɣ
Ҷȷοѩӡ
ѩɷǶˣһ¼Ĳҧ촽һ̾ԼȻҶ˵꣬ѩϻָգҲҶȵκһ仰˼ٷɹȥ
𽥵ģѩӲŷҶȵˣٶȫ˰Σѩ𽥼٣ͷڵٶȣﵽɽʱգһɵ۷еٶȣ޽֮أѾǲ˼ٶȡ
һ̾һδ٣Ҳз֣Ҷȼ治죬ĲظٶȣѾﵽٶȵ۷塣
ԭСǣͨˣѩڴ֪Ҷȵ˵ʵڵ߸Ԥϡ
һŮӣͫ纺Ȼһƣ
һӣԸӦڶӦֻǸոڼǧ꣬ڵ߶ѡ
ˣ͸ֻ̫ľſȷһǿߡ
һˣֱǿ͸ǿߡ
ĪǡĪҶȣ֮ǰڽǰǹһƵģ˷ɾ裿
һУѾըĢ·
ѩȻðҶȵһ²⣬ò棬һͨͨӣôǿߣƽɫͨ
ˣ
ͻȻǰգɳʮ֣ΪǶľ۳ƹӣмˣѾһˣѪص㣬ҪɥڴˣȻ޵Ĺ
˫ǿߣٵҶǸС
ľʵҶСܣԿϢʱոմ壬㼰ʱ˳мλѣװڿȷ޼ںδ
Ҷǰһڶע£Ȼûһ˿Ľţڳÿ˶Ҫ򶨣ӵһ˾̾С
ˣҶȵţͨӦһ׼ΪĴԻȺޣΪӣһ֮Уޱƣϴ߶󷨶ߣ
Ȼ˴󷨣
Ҫ꣬Ҫطͬһ󷨣Ȼһͻᴩһ޽֮أ󷨾޷ٶȣɽ磬Ϣ׷٣
ɲǣһǿ߶ˡ
û뵽һ޼˵ļ֣Ȼ֣ôöľʧȥһλѣˡ
󡭡
۳ƹ˵ˣλվ۷ǿߣؿҶȣҶС磬˱ȥȻʵˣһͨʮֵļ֣
۳ƴ磬޼ȷˣָ߰˰ˣĴ󷨣첻ףȻڱʱá
Ҷ˵δ˵ȥ֪ǿǣ֪˼Ȼ߶һӡǣ޼ľʱյĴ״ʮϸ
̰ӡǽ۳ƹӡ
λǾͲ޵֮նɱ۳ƹӵںȵ
ã
ڸɱڣĸǱ޼Ϊߣȴƿڶòڶľ쳲߻£һɱжʼˡ
ľ۳ƹΪףʮжˣɱ޼ʱգһʱ̴Ԯʣµˣ˵ĸ֣ԭϢ
ӣȥԸްɣ⼸ˣ޽֮أҸ֣޼޷ԸͶԸΣ
ڳʣʮˣһ˵ĸ뼸ߣȻҶȡ纺ˣоǺѩӣҶߣ˵
ʮԶԸӵ츳ͨ״ڵʱգȻףǵ츳׺ܰԵһף˺ڵķһСġ
ѩӳں⣬žĿżˡ
û£û£Ը޼ǰﲻæǶԸһȺӦûģ֮ӮǿԿҶȺȻ¶һƻЦݡ
⡭
ѩһû뵽ֶ״ӣаʵƶҶȵӡֻصͷ
ݱλ̷֣ǰӿʱա
Լֻʮ˿ٵؽ籩룬סΣǰʮһͷ޴ĺëڷвԾڸ֡
ޣ
ǲΪ죬ҳп˺ڷצоǣǾȻʱʱһףһף԰һ޴ʣ˲롣
Ҷȹ˵λܶľС⣬λ̨ٶȥʣµģǱɣ
ã
λƺҲսһʱʩչݷʱӳ˱˿ƣʶɢȥްΧȦҶȼ˻֣㲻Ӱӡ
СģѩĿżȥһϾ飬Ҷȼˣ޷Ըʮһͷޡ
ˣ
顢ʥվ
ȥɣ
ҶȵһЦ뷽ʥʱȥҶȿ纺̫ľǾ
ಣ
һĽҶȾһԳԽڵٶȣϷ뷽ʥһͬ׷ɱǼ˶ȥޡ
û°ɣѩӲòΪҶȵ˰ΣģһʲôΣգ޷ľ쳽
ԼҲ޷Լǿ纺̫ľ
ӷģǶԸ޲ףҪ˵ǣҲܣ纺ȻԽԾӣȻĴڣȷԽ˺ѩǶľ쳣ʵҲԶԶ߳ǡ


1166 齨޿ܴ
籩ҵķڲʮͷƺѷҶˣµĿ꣬һֻֻԾʱ£ʱңж̫죬޷Գ̬ȥжһ·ߡ
޽֮ط籩ֱһ籩磬շ籩ֻһɷ籩ʱ̶ʧ٣籩磬ƺֹͣ
ԽƽޣƺܿŴ硣
ǲҪͷžӡ˿Ѱ״̬ӡǣԸޣ
Ҫ޽벫ɱռ䣬ҶȲѷ뷽ʥΪ壬һս׿񱩣ʱͷžӡңΪɽĶϢ
ǣˣ
ƺʧȥ̬ʶҶȵΨǴӣҿ鶼ûԡ
ಡ
֮䣬Ұ׾Ӱ˷ŷ籩ϯԾǼͷޣǸոճ֣ͲҶ˴Ϣᣬʼſ죬һ磬·磬ͬ֩˿Ϲˡ
Ҷ뷽顢ʥͷްΧ֮УҶʾ˽ķУñ˿ԼҲʩչȻٶȣ籩롣
ڵΪ󳬼ۣҶȸô߶̷ǧͼʣѿٶȣΪΪߣȫ޽֮ظѹȣˮпɵشС
ԼʱҶ˾͸԰ޣ˷룬ǿķ籩ûлʱôֲҶת֮ʣ㱻ͷްΧһͷһͷ׳˶Ŀ¶׺ݡе׹⣬ȫͨޡ
ޣɽ粢ټʵޣʮϡٵġ
ٺ٣ˣ¿Ⱥ֣ɾͳۣɾߣǲʸΪҵĶ֣ǵպҿ
ҶȻؿͷײеޣƺ취ԸҶȣҶֻ΢΢һ䣬ʱһƤΪɫϹɽľ޽壬سҶǰ
߳߳
ɲǼ䣬ͬʱһף׷ɳ֮ʣȻڰ໥ںϣγһŴ㣬Ҷ
ٿ
ҶȻش߶֮˾޵ʧ׹޷ٶȣգ۾͵һߡ
֮ǴӿռȻߣƲǸĽϣҶȲ߶֮ҲҶϢȻݡ
ƣ
ٵһ˵Ҷȣһͷ޷֮ʣߣֱչֱָƺص棬ֱӳȥ
֨֨
˲ϰǿĺȣԾжݣǱҶָָ⣬ƤëȻƤ֮ϡ
͡
ɫָָ壬ͬâԵ޵Ƥ⣬һѪǣֱӰ˳ȥ
ҶΪ̣ʵҲΪκαǿǴӷ絽ɽ磬ϵ
߳߳߳߳
·֮䣬ʲôͨҶ˵һͷޣͷȻһͷͷԾҶķһ硣
ͣ

Ծոı䷽ԾиıȣҶȸûֲɱ飬ӦǱ׻
ƺҪ˺ҶȵһƷʱԶҶȵ濹⣬ƺ޿ײ룬ѰҷƵڱߣǿײֱӰҶһɡ
ȴûйҶȵķʵޣǰԵףȻûйҶȵķ

һֻޣҶδȣֱſ죬ԾһҶȻڳƶ֮޷ܣ޷ŭһڣҧҶ֮ϡ
꣡
һ£̵ܷȻѿڣ޵ݣڷ֮ڣ˸ŴѪ֮⡣
ȻøޣԶԸΪܣҪ̤޽֮أǿ棬β磬ޡļЩ޽֮أײе޶ץΪܣ齨һ֧Ӵ޿ܴݣɽ֮ʱ޿ܴУһ֧޼᲻ݡŷɥľ
ͻȻҶȾԼЩ˷ѲٵԴЩޣɱã統ھ֮ڣƽϾһЩͳͳ
ǰҶֻд䣬޷ӴĿܣ
ڣӵдǧͼ޴Ŀռ䷨װһɳض⣬ôһ֧޿ܾӣʲô
ҳΪۣ˵Ҷȡݣʱ¶ʱֶ죬ֲһ˹ر׷ɱӵһ֧޿ܴ칬Ҳпʱ
ǧͼ֮ǰҪúðǴķڷ
Ҷ˲޽ʧһģҧסޣͷһ޺˳ȥ
Ȼ޽壬κβǣʩչԪ
˲䣬Ҷʩչ֮ٶϢޣʵʱ̡
ಣ
һͷͷ޸ոҶȣҶȾͲˣ
˷
ҶϢں󷽣˫һջӶʱͷΧһֻֻƯԪ
ݡݣ
գۼ䣬һʹޣٶȿɽһٶȣΣ޷ʱѾܿ޽ǣԵǼƤϣһĽۡ
ңеĽ̴޵
Ҳߡ̫޼˻£״̬۷壬ѾԿһھͷ
ԼʵСϸ˽⣬ֻǼһͷͷ޾ʹߣѪȫҶȹͨĶ֣Ҷٶ̫ޣ֮Ĺޣ޷Ĺ˭ܷ
ӣѾˣɣ
ҶŴ߶ߵʣ˲ޣʵĴڣ޽֮һͬԲκѹƣںϸ
ۿͷߣҶ˲ϢͳϿգֱӻӶϷһģһǳ˲ͰУʲôûУֻʣ޽֮صĿ¿ռ䡣
˲䣬߶ǧͼͰͷڶöԸޣ˴ǧͼ
磬ģȻСǧİʮƷˮ׼Ҳ˲ңҵĿռ䣬޴󣬿ıռ䣬涼԰Сǧڴ
ɲҪˣ
ҶεһЦСǧ뱾ںϣȫһԵСǧȻҲðԵ
˲߶ת˲ҶȾͶ޾ڰգͷ뷽顢ʥսĿռǰ
ռţͷϣȫѹƷ顢ʥǾ޷˵ʥֺ˵ӡ޷Ƶġ
ȻǷģ
Ҷ˲䴫һ־ֱ˲Ƶٶȣͷǰ˫һһĳ޻ϧҶĳǳ
գۣѾͷޣǧͼ
ɽһռ䷨
ˣ
顢ʥջزΧӡǡ
ٺ٣ЩޣҪȫǧͼʩչײԺץǿߣǲߣͳͳǧͼٹض٣Ҫ齨һ֧ӴĿܾӣҶ򷽺顢ʥ˵Լ⡣
齨ܾӣ
ѻָ˼άͨ˶ѣȻ֪Ҷһ޿ܴǺεȵĿֲ
ٶ칬˵һѡ


1167 һֶ
Ҷȴŷ顢ʥعʱѩһţ޾Ȼ˸㶨ȻҶȲʵ飬˵պһɷ籩ʧУȻͰȫء
ѩȻˣҲûʣҶ뿪Ƭʱգþͻصʱգ˵ǿۡ
޼ľ쳡۳ƹӵǿߵĲɱȻòҶȥͣ۳ƹô֣һ޼ôͣܶԸô֣
Ȼ
˴Ϣֻʮ죬ľ۳ƹӣʹһȺ֣һʬ忭飬ʬħ޼֪жٸѪ˺ۣ֣ݺȺŹһ٣ղڶľͨ¡
Ϊ޼ʬϣűսĺۼһǶľ쳴߶Ϲŷ¼ŵնɱ޼
ľ̴ڸ֣һƯУλ֣ʮĲӣҲһһֱһȺڸĽʢᣬһٶڸ֣˷
Ҷǳ˼ʶľ۳ƹӣʮҶȽܸʶв˶Ҷֶ״Ӹе棬ϾɽᣬðţЩ޽֮صǿߣҲ˽⡣
Ҷȵȷʩչɹ޼ʱգ˳նɱ޼ΧɱǿߣҶ࿴ҲڸдǿߣҶ̸ύ
޽֮أҶȽʮƽ̨Ȼύһٶڸ֣ҶȲ㱻ͷԡ
һ£Žڸʮͱһһ뿪ӡ
ҶС磬޽֮ʮգʱͬУʶһʱ䣬Σʱһҿջڣľ۳ƹӡѩˣҶȡ纺潻̸
ˣлС⣬ҽۣδһʱϻţҪ֪ŲУŰװңȴһɾͣ˰ɣ
Ҷлľ쳺⣬ʵģʮԸŶľ쳼ʶʶ޽֮أǽۣ֪ſ϶ķѰϢȷǷƽȵȡ
ľ¶µĿ⣬һЦǺãȥСúúýһԺ¾Ҫ޽֮ߣʱңһ޽֮صƣ֪㣬ڸ֣޽ֻ֣֮ڲǿߣҲŵȣʱն̾ǿߣ㽫ǣֶҲ㣡
ľС˼ǣھɽ磬ֶţ޽֮أҲ޽֮߻ӣеǿߣ˦ŵӣǾֶ죬Ҳ˦˦֣Ҹ֮̾ضѣ룬ֶҪ𣬵ûѶٵ޽֮ҵһˣ
ڶľ˵꣬ҶЩɻ֮ʣ۳ƹһϴǰĿǶϸϸ߶һȻְڰЦЩ޽֮˵ʱұǣ
лС۳磬һģշţöãǾͻټ棬ǣ
Ҷ纺վŨŨл⣬ľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӸֱŷ顢ʥ̫ľ뿪Ϊֹ
ջſڣ
С㣬Ҳȸǣ½պǻҪСЩɽ綯޽֮Ҳܴˣ
۳ƹĿҶȵȥҲľ쳡ѩӸͻȻͷŷٶȣ˲Ծֳʵ
ˣ
ľ뺫ѩӻص䣬ɣϢһ֪ľڣͻȻһ֮
үү
ѩӾϲ˵
ľ쳵ͷһΨΨŵŵͷųϹŷ¼ʱһһһһϵеĻߣƮ
үүãλӶʱ߹¡
Ŷ
յߣ֪ںδֻ˲䣬˵쳣ڵħ治ˣҷҲָˣ
ľȵعţѩҿߣľ쳵ǵģүүϳأ˭ֶ״Ҷȣ쳣֮Ǹˣһжǳָ֣ܻ֮նɱˣ
ԭǸүүӦռɳϢˣܺãȻռȻԵүүȴô꣬Ʋӣɽ˲ų쳣𶯣үүӦһ£ǸڵϢ
еߣӶ˫֣һֻϵĴ֣˲ӷ֮зľ쳵ͷ
һϢУ̾ͻص֮С
ǺǣøΪˣȻ֮ںϣڡһɼΪ֮⣬ô԰
Ȼɻ
үүôˣľ뺫ѩӶһƺδصߣйֱ顣
ڣһȻĿռϢѪ̺ſռ֮壬֮ͳģ޵˶ûдﵽֵز֮䣬ֻһֿܣѪ֮УȻĿռϢǾߣ߲ϵã˵һԼɵĽ
ߣеʣɽ֣
ֲߣ˵ʧ
ɣҶߣүүͿԸӦʡľһɻʼ޷ҶȻߡ
ˣ
һֱž뺦µĺѩӣͻȻүү㣬ҼҶʩչӦȻΪӦﷶΧ׼ȷϢٶȣȫң
Ӧ޽֮ذ׼ȷϢǺǣˣȷߣڣҲܾȷҵһ˵ڣڿԸǸӹʱգǺ׼ȷҵһڣֶ첻ˣȻõһӣҪˣЩͷӣر˹âڸǣҲҪúУүүҪһЩӡ
ߵˮԶԶȥҲȻʧڵĵһͬʧˣ֪ںδ
үүүүôأô꣬Ƕ֪үүݣ㣬үү㣬㶼֪үүںδүүǽã΢ڸ־ϴҲúúûرһ˼ң
λվѩԹԵµ
үү˵ʱһȻ֪ݣүүͨ󣬴δҶȣֻƾȸСҶһϢܸӦ֮ܲ²ģ
ľǣźѩӣʼʰ
ҲⷬԻ
ɽ磬ӰԲ˼ٶȣңԶ޽֮أǰ

ɲǣߵıܸ֪ҶȶʱһڿռʮڵӵϢݣޱȵĸԺ
򡭡һǽһӵоıʯ֮ϣ
һˣ̤볬ۣΪߣٴվǰǰϤţʱİˡ
ǰȻ򣬵·صףӡһ麱ıʯҶȴδǱʯ֮ϣڵķӡϢ
ȻֶҲڵľͷڡ
ȵȣǿ鱦ʯ
Ϊ˿͸ҶȾͷųߵʣţĸӦ͸Ľ磬ڵص׵ķӡʯ֮УӦһ𾪵Ϣ̾Ȼһͷɹʯ


1168 ķ
ɹֶһֻ״ӡֵӲſУҶû뵽棬һ޴ɹʯ
зӡɹʯΪ
Ҳ֪ΪֶۣһɹʯΪֶ󷨸ԴҶҰ⣬ǰ޷ڶΪһŰֽƽչǰ
һƷ
󷨡ӡɵľ޴ռ䣬һ޴磬Сռ䣬ڽ룬Լֽ磬мĿռ䣬ռǵеĿռ䣬ס
ϷһǿѹƺҲֶػеķﵽǧ·ÿһǿߣмʮڵϢ
һƺķȴԴڣ̺ҶȾȻܲ
ҲҶΨһо
ֶĵӣΪʱΪҶȶԸӦûֶ۵ĴڣȻҶȴʱܼģȻֽʱգҶȸӦĳϢԼĪˣһǧˣڡȻҲʮЩҶȴδĳϼǻǵȴڡ
ԽڵϢҶֻо΢ϢƺǴͷųǿռ䣬Ӧǿйĵط
˵ֶûһڵĸ֣ҲڵϢ㵹ҶȺܷѽ⣬Īڵľͷ뿪ֶ죬ֶߣ
ĻֶӦҲڵĴڣôһŮӣԦڵĸ֡
ξյ¡ɵۡĪԿѩ𡢹Ž桭ʡȸӡϫӡӡͳꡢȵϢڣǷǱɵۣٶȵǺܾˣңȻϢһôϵһȥˣ
ϤˣϤϢڸӦ֮УΪ󷨣ҶҲֻܴŸӦڣȴӦʲô
ϫʵǲȽۼǧ꣬ʵѴﵽ۷壬һϢǼ֮Ҫ࣬󡭡
˵ϢһɺرĹϢİĸоĪǽۣõµԪнƣ޷ӦܸоƺһͷʵϫӻҪǿһ֣һȣֱһһأ
һӦǶԼվͬ߶ϤˣҶȵһЦվĸ߶Ѿֶ죬ǾԵǿߡ
ʦξƺڴʲô飬ѩҲûʲô⣬һ˵ʵѩȻڣѴﵽ۷壬ӵڽֵʩչһͨԶԸһЩͨڸ֣ʵҲ࣬Ǳһأڴʦ㡭絹ǱҪһԲʵǶ࣬ʦӦòôȻ޷оƺҲʲôӡϵ˿ƺʴɣγɸ޷ݣ
ҶȼӦһЩϤرֶӣҲǸвͬϢǸΪ
Ҷǰһ࣬κٷҶȶҵǵڣһصͨӲҶȵĸӦ
̫ľҵĴǧͼúаɣǾͻʽ޽֮أ
ʱعֶˣҶȴ߶ǧͼ̫ľУպҶȿԴ߶ͼڵĿռ̫ľӵӦ֡
Űѷ顢ʥ䣬Ŵ纺ͷ̤
̤룬ҶȸӦ֮УϤ쳣ı䣬ǸӦĻع飬ξѩϫӣʣģЩĳϼ֡
ɹˣ
һϤŮᴩǴʦξ
ǵģʦ㣡ʦܳɹ۹ϴξĸҺ纺ͨһʶξʶս
Ҷдһݾ棬һЦݣøʦ㣬ƺȳϣҪϤƿ󷨣һӦһģ
Ȼ죬æˣ
Լʱգ纺ĮҶݱһɻ죬ҶפƬ̣ʩչٶȣͬչᣬʶϸӦУΪξѿһ
ʱʱҶȸӦ֮Уٳ۵ӣһʱѩĪԿȵ״ӣҲӡЩţ£Ҳˡ
һӣۣŴ£һ״ӽǴеĴ¡
ϫӡӽۣŶʢӭʽҶȻҲ޷⡣
ˣ
һӰ߿ʱֶƿԣξΪ׵ĸ߲㣬ʱͷųһӡ
ĺȻ䣬һϼ⣬ֶգʼͬʱеӷҶȽ۵ٷ
ôһ˲䣬ҶȽ۵Ϣֶɢˣһӣһഫմֶ죬ø֪
ҶȴĽУھеӡֶΨһڵĹâ
һεһλۡ
̾Ϣھɽ磬۾ǾͷĴڣҶţһΪۣɽ
ڸĿУҶȽеĽʽۼֽɷˣֵӵףɽХ
ֱҶȵֶ֣һʥǽ֮ϣӭʽŻһ䣬˵ǿʼ
纺˵ˣÿӶҶͣΪͬţҶȲܲӦ˴ЦʱǴһ⣬ҶȲֲʶˣԷе룬һӣҶȾͷǣںĵӣҶҪŸ硣
Ǹᣬʮ꣬ɻᣬҶҲ벻ٵӽ죬Ȼ纺Ѿ䣬ҶȲ˴
ֶڲڹעҶȣʥɽšޱڡ޼ڡŻšƽڡڵȵţʹߣһһҶֶף
ɱҲˣһЩҶȴδйʵɣҲһһʹߣɽ罻ᣬҶ⡣
һ䣬ֹȥʮ꣬Ҷʼȥ۵ӵĪԿ񡢻Щ֣ϫҲȥˣνףᣬҪҶȴùϵ
ʱͬգǰҶȴɽһɵۡ
ҡһ䣬ΪһĳۣǲϡҶȣҲҪӣһһҶȡ
һᣬҶۼֶ󲿷״ӡֵӣΪۣȻʸվ
ѩ
ȻҶȥʱŮݳϯҶȲȣŮ˵ﶼ
ѩӸȻǸʵҶǰκֶζһࡣ
ѩ߶ҶһöµԪͨʩչһջҶȣ̽ҶȵݣҶǿ㣬ռ˲ٱˣһҲûй¶ȥ


1169 ֶ
ҶȱΪʱĺܿ죬úþģֶһʱ䡣ϣȥС
ǰǰʮ꣬ڸһ䣬ҶҲ纺Լʱ䣬ȻһٷҶ뿪ռ䣬ӭһλŮӽ졣
Ǵʦ㣬ξ
ҶȳΪۣξҲǵҶȺ֮֮ȥţҶȵ
ξҶУһһҶξ±⣺˺ǷǶ࣬վԽߣԽɼ˰ɣ
ǵģ
˶ԻǼ򵥡
Ҷξ仰˼΢΢ۣȻһΣ˶ҴϹϵţͬҲӲܣȴþֶΣϧ໥ɽӬӪ滳޾ĸоʦ㣬ǲǽҲһһЩɼ£Ժ󣬶Ҫɼȥ
Լɣʲôλãʲô飬Ȼ˴ԻܺõȨһУԲ£ڳΪۣ״ӣŵ£ӴҪԼ£
ξ
ʦлֱ˵ǣʦۣܽϴۺޱĴĸҺԴϴۻȡҲðżΣաԺֶ£Ҷȵ£˾˭ҺãһЦݣҶر˼ңοʦͽ֮
룬ǲҵģҶܸˣΪϴ۸ˣΪͬңţǳһţھɽ̩ɽ޽֮أȴûһϴۣŻᾭ޽֮أ޽֮ҲĴɳɽȻھɽ磬ûʲôͷʵȴǳԽŵģ
ξһݶͫ⣬͸ŵǣ޽֮زǾһĸŵȷвٵţϵ̨ģȴ٣ܾס޽֮һλţ޽֮ػãֶƣǿߣŷչҲܼһ޽֮طչøԶصϫʦţһ濪޽֮أ
ʱҶͫ¶ˮɫξһƺ˲ңȻһھΣʦ㣬˼ڽ֮򵱳Ƿ˶ľӵһֱ꣬ȥ޽֮ذƽˣҲʶ޽֮أȷڶʲôڲһˣ죬ŵķչҪȡ
ܺã㲻ñǸʲôҵ֪ʮߵ˽δֹ㣬ϣߵúܽľʵǿҲ޽֮أĸϵʶʵ֮УΪŽ˹ϵԺֶӣȻҲ࿴㻹δ֣˺ܶӦ
˭֪ξ֮ûһ෴ʮֳ졢صصеףҶȸӽ¡
ֵĸ֣Ϊɣ޽֮ԼطΪӣȡԴ˼ǵã޽֮أЩӣϾҪеһݵӣⷬҶԲ˵ģָеˣΪܴǿˣʵΪ׿ŵԼͷΪŷֵˣŻߵҲڲף׵ģģҲûʲôöģΪۣɵģﶼȥã
һжԼС
ξû˵仰иûҶѾףξǰڣΪȷȷġ
ۺҲϢԺȥ޽֮ɣʺֻӦ󣬾񣬽㣡
ξ񻺻վ׼ȥ
ֺȻ뵽ʲôתؿҶȣûǰǺطâͫ⣺ŶǰյĪʦܴٷִлȡ֮ѾǧˣԮϣ޽֮ͬţȥĪʦ񣬲򵥣Ҳܿɣȥ˳㣡
Īʦ֣
һλ״ӣ
ֶʮ˸״ӣҶֻ˹ѣĶδݣǴʲôڣҶȻй˽ġ
״ĪΪﵽԲʵʮǿǸйµˣ˲ǱԴˣҲǴ½ˣɽֶ죬ǰ󲻵꣬Ϊֶ״ӡ
ĪʦܣԸ䣬Ϊ˺飬򽻵ҲҪۣһ˫֮ʱʱ޷ƽǼ䣬һЩԼ˵һֱΪѰŽӣϧòٻᣬ޷ɹΪ⣬β㿴ȥ޽֮غûʲô飬ȥʱ˵ͬţȥĪʦܣоλ״ʦλʦܣ޽֮ȥ޽֮еֻҪǴͬңԶʱգͻ໥иӦûҾˣ
ξóһҶУǺһֱҶû֮󣬲뿪졣
ξҶȴ򿪷޽֮һʮλͬŸֵѶϢȻ״Īִ޽֮صĴʱա
֮ĪǴУ̫ʱǿġ𡯣֮ʣŴ֮֮һ
ҶԺ˲ӿһϵĴ˵һϵǿߡ
̫ʱϹУһΪӴڡ
Ǹʱǿߣ𣬴žУ˾磬ֳɹˣɽ¼УйһΣ˳ɹȥ磬ܻˡ
Ŵȥ磬˻ƺ⣬ܵͷʱ̣һԼĸ򣬻ΪŴ֮֮Уںһô֮ܵõ𲿷ֵĴС
ֻδ֮˵õҲϹżԪ˵õȻջΪ˹ȥ
û뵽ֶ쾹Ȼõ֮䣬ɳĪ״ӣȥִ
ҶʥǾ͵ǲ඼ʱҾۻᣬͬһҪܳΪǿߣ
ҶȻţ븸ĸ塢ɾĪȻȵһȥ޽֮ء
ڿǼΪãҶҲûʱĵġ
룬ҶȾꡢơն˷һٷȻռ䣬۲˵ū纺һͬ뿪
ڶ׼һҶξ񷢳ǱٷȻ纺ֱӷɳ򣬰;ٻ̫ľ顢ʥһͬ޽֮أʽ޽֮֮á
ֶ죬ֽһʱУ
Ҷȡ
һŹ֮Уۣһźڰħ⣬ͷһźȻɹ⡣
ҵϹ湦ɣԸ㡭ϼһҵĽǾ񣬹û뵽ڿҪĵʱ̣˻ҴĶ͡
ʼͫħɵƺܴƲ˼񻰣ͬʱɵħ
ԵѰ
ֶ졭
ϣһĨΪɭЦݡ


1170 
Զûĵ⣬ذźڰ磬ʱʱ̿̽ŸȻǾֹģƯĳʡ
ɽ·磬Ҷȡ纺顢ʥ̫ľ𽥵ؽ޽֮أܿͲɽ磬ɵж
Ư޽֮գκˣڵľͷž޴ѹƵ޽֮أҶǰȴɽࡣ
Ϊӵصʡ
޽֮غޱߣƸӣΣһСģܾΣ֮ʦ㻹ȥĪʦ֣ȶ޽֮˽һУ
ƺһʧȥʧ޽֮أҶȴˣһֱĬҶ˼һ󣬲ſ̫ľɶ˽⣿
̫ľ߳ˣŵΪ۴ɡŴ˫õϹżԪһʱһǿߵĵУڰǰֱɱ޽֮أ۾һţ
۴ɣ
΢΢һţҶȾóŨŨԶζԶȻʧ٣ȻЩǿߣöصķʽδˣͬ۴һõ
Ȼⷱɽ磬ٴοţʵԶĴ졣
̫ľֵеӴԼһǧˣڵڣŴӾɽ緢ţ޽֮۳ƹӣɽ磬һλǿ߷֣ţѾΪ޽֮أһе̳аħ๫޽֮أ
Ǻǣ޽֮عȻ˽⡱Ҷȵû뵽̫ľУ֪۳ƹӵ
ͨɽ磬δһɽеĳţֱӼ޽֮صǿɣճɾǿߡ
˻֮ͬҲͬȻĳɾҲͬ
̫ľ¶һεЦݣ΢΢ҡͷϹͥУǿߣ޽֮ɽ߶ȻϹԼɽ磬Ƕɽ磬ʮֵ⣬˼¼¼ǡžڼ¼֮УֶҲһֶ֮ǰһţֶ۳ɾͶ֮󣬱ֶ죬볬һУţֶһĺ֮㣬ԶžͷС
Ŷ
⵹ͦҶ⣬ͫ¶Ŀ⣬ֶڵţȻҪֶһжָơ
ֶۺǿ󣬵û뵽̫ľ˵ǰǿ
ԶžͷУɽϵǿߣһǿҪֶ֪ƿֶ죬ҲŶ̶̲ꡣ
꣬ܳΪɽ۷ǿߣЩܰɣ
Ҷһüͷģ̫ľֵˣֶ۵Ĵţһԣû˾֪Ϊֶ쵱һӵ칬ֶվȻ칬ӴԺֶֶһԾΪһţֶۣȴУӵأϹͥһֱڰעɽŵʵֶһ޷֪֪׵Ĵڣͬ۴ɣɽǿǿߣϹͥǰһ
Ȼˡ
Ҷ뿴޽֮أ磬ȻܴΣյǾȥţʶʶⳬԽֶڵŰɣ
˵꣬Ҷȱ߶ǧͼó۳ƹӵķɽͼһȽϺ󣬴ǧͼصٴչˡ
ֻǳ֮һɨ˾ͲӰ
Ȼֻ
һƬƯŴССʯʵգǳһҶ纺ʥ顢̫ľ޷粻ƵĳڿУոտǰʱգ˽ӿֲͬɫ仯
ǰʱУȻƯһ½ء
׼ȷ˵һһϴɽʣɽҪκҲøգƵģƯ޽֮صա
ɽΧĴССʣϵƮ䣬еɽеŷ籩ڻƶ
̫ľδӴǧͼ洩Уֱķ籩֣˽ܣŵɵɽ׹䣬ۻɣǰƿع۴޽֮أɨţɽʱʱ̲̿ϵɽ˶ʣʱʱ̶̿ӣ޽֮֮еʹ壬ȻԽԽ޴󣬶ɽִڣҲԽԽ࣡
ɽ
Ҷ˺һȻͷʣӦϵɽΧĻʱա
Լһʱȥ
Ų޽֮زţھͷֹ۴һ𡭡ھȻٶ𡭡ٵĳ۵ӣ
·ӵĺ䣬ҶȾ̾ͨӦɽŸӦˣ϶գҶʶһްԵĴڡ
ֶǰ֥Աߣһϡ
޽֮۾һʵ纺ǺܳԾµգɫֻܿͫƽ
ҶȼӦɽΧƯʣһЩʯһЩʯ֮ϣһ󷨣γƽ󷨣ɽΧκ˽ɽᱻӦ
۳磬С߶ˣ
˽еʱ֮ҶüСɣȻ߶һŷͷųһ⣬Ҷһɽٶȥ
˫Ҳǿնѡ

Ȼ䣬һϲ
ֻӰɽʱռ۶ӣ۳ƹӾͳҶȵǰ߻м׹ŵӣǶ۳ƹʮֹҶȵˣǺЩ
۳磬˼С̤޽֮أһ뵽ˣǴѽҶȺ޷糾͵ģ۳ƹʩ
ҶСģʱʱӭ㣬պҴӶľСżʮѣδȥ£ãλ룡
۳ƹʾĸҶмӣҲ纺顢ʥ̫ľ෬ʺȻҶһͬɽ
ҲֻǲӣһʮˣѾɽǰҶȵ˲ɽ塢ɽֲľɽ
һɽɽ壬ÿһɽ£һߣȻûκһ¥·ǻصϵʱȻһɽȡһߣһѨһ£һе
ŹʱߣԴȻΪ֮һΪ
۳ƹӷ·𿴵ҶȵľֶЦ޽֮أȱֻȻӣʮַ㣬޽֮سУǶᱦûоɽķ
ĹʺУҶȽع
ŵзʽЩʱĿߣרһӵĵطС
Ǻǣڸˣ岻κλҲûôãʹȥɽɱǿߣϵʩչͨű޽֮΢΢ŨһЩɳɽЩ࣬ߣ
۳ƹӿˣһЦʽɽ
ڷɽɲǣһ󷨴ճ֣ûˣֻǸӦҶ˵Ϣʮ¡
ɽЩƯʣҲͷŵ⣬ƺҶ˽ɽ˲ͱǿ־Ӧˡ


1171 ޽֮صľ

ͨɽһҶȵ˷룬Զʧ
ٿȻһһĸɽҶȵǰɽһһһɽһߣ˸ɽһЩͱڣҲһߣеĶߴɽŵɽеڽӽɽ崦
ͨӦҶȷɽµŵӣµΪɽŵĶߣȫڡ
ԼͨӦԿһֶ龰ͨɣܼۣΪŵӣҪӵжߵ뿿Լͽȥ䣬˿ĵͨ
صзʽ
ڶڲǺأɽŴĶߣֻдһЩƷɽĶߣȻռͺܴڲҲ಻һװΣڽӽɽĶߣҶȿӦһǿУǲԼϢ
оסĶߣҲԼģڿռӴҲŸֱʯװΡ
ɽʵô򵥵һɽѣֻɽȴûˮ
۳ƹӷ뿿ɽĺĴһľɽԼɣපߣ۳ƹӵĶߣھɽһɽ¡
ʦ壬ҵȸǣ
Ǽŵӣ۳ƹӶǰһһʩ
۳ƹӴҶ붴ڣ󷨣һȻ¶ߣڲûЩⱦıʯȥһ԰
ղǼҴĵӣֻ
һһ֮۳ƹ˵һһץ豭Ҷǰ治ǲ裬һҺð
˿ʼƷζҺһһ֮󣬶ʱһӿ֮ͫС
Ҷ棬ֿķ۳治ʺϱչУɽ磬ӵѵõȻζĪ۳Ȼ֮
Ŷ
ԭһϢ۳ƹӣ֮󣬶ʱȻ´ҶȣҶСͨԽԽ˿͸ˣܿҵϢ̺Ȼ֮вȻ֮Ҳںķ
ศɣֲŴǸ֣̾Ϊֹ۳磬Сˣ֪޽֮صĴƣӴԺСܾҪʽ޽֮УҶϵԼ⡣
޽֮ǸȾס
۳ƹӺȻζĻ
Ҷ纺ʥ顢̫ľһ벻۳ƹָ֣ɫɼ޽֮жôա
޽֮شͬɽ磬ԽߵʱգѹȾԽ󣬶˲ͬ߶ȵʱգʵΣͿȥεȸ߶ȵʱգ޽֮صô꣬ȻǿߣǶͨ޽֮ʱգڽӽʱУѰҸԴٵھͷ޽֮ضڸԵĵ̣޽֮صǵӰӣǵĴڣı´ˣ
޽֮һ󱦿⣬˶֪ｵ䣬˳Ϊߣǿ߲һðǿߣж٣ûùţҲвٵǿߣЩǿߣӵгǿʵҲӵиԴ̣ɸ˼Ӫɽ೬һŵ޽֮ŵӣҲܲջ󣬼Щͷ֮УӾͷֱӵõܵõһԾΪߣӶ֮ǰɡˡѣھͷ̾޽֮أţҲָӣΪıţ
޽֮һȾףﲻ֪ı˵ˣеĳΪһʱۣеĳΪƷΪʳҲеĳΪʹõӣҶС磬ֶ췢չĲɲҪҡġ
һ޽֮صпᷨ۳ƹӵɫͻȻΪؿҶȣһҡͲͷˣ
лѣ
Ҷ֪۳ƹӵ˼ҲϡԷθĸ룬һˣŲ˵ЩҪ顣
ɼ۳ƹҲûˣǰľ飬ģӴģͳͳ߸Ҷȡ
˵ЩҪ޽֮شŵֲ
۳ƹɫ𽥻ָһͣ޽֮Ĳͬǿ߸ǲÿģҲͬ˵޽֮أһһĴڣɳɽҲһһһֻмʮҪôǵˣҪôǼǿߵȻ˸࣬޽֮أ㲻ҪסһһҪסЩȥǵĵˣЩУвٴ
鹫ӡºùá˫ۡ޻ħħڹӡɷɷšֹӡپаɱƶʬа١а𣡡
ǿߣֻҪǣ棬ȥǣͲõģħаЩǿߣЩɷаҲҪ֪ɷ֡ߡѪ乫ӡнԽӡӡ
ᵽЩˣ۷Ǹո̤ڵϤħӡ鹫ӣаɱǾͲͨڡΪ޴ڣҪ֪Ȼ޽֮أĹڲͬʱգҾͲһһ˵Ӧ޽֮أԺ֪Ӧǣ
Щ㻹Ӧ֪վɽ۷ǿߣ
һǿߣ۳ƹֻ鹫ӡħа̵ɱйݣ඼ûжٵɫ
˵ɽ۷ǿߣȴһɵǵĴڣκһˣһţɽ綼ֻ˵Ϊеˣҵģûʸ֪ġЩͷħ֮ʡа̽ϹͥͥشۡۡشۣҲ𡢵桢¶ʵȵȣŵ۴ɡֶۣʵϾͷ
Ҷȡ纺ʥ顢̫ľţһ֣ؼУҶʵЩͷ඼޽֮أ
۳ƹ΢΢ҡͷһҺſҶȣҾ޷϶ЩͷﶼȥãЩǿߣʡȵǿߣпȥ˷֮·֮·ҲǹֳƷͨϸ˵ӦǹȻɽͨͨЩͷѵɽ۷壬ȻȥѰҳˣ

˶Ҫȥĵط
һµĴڣͻȻҶȵԺ
ʵҶ˵İڹżϿĹ;ͨͨ
ȻҶüͷ𣺡Īǵڵõ໨Ŵ۵Ƥǳֱǰζĵطǹ˵ûȥһ໨ŴˣӦȥľǹܣ
໨ŴۣΪ˳ɽ¶һ̤Ϲ磬Ҫ
ϵĳ棬ҶУԶ֮ȥΪߵڵ֮һ
ΪЩȹǿߣҶĺߡ
ˣЩ˵̫ҲûôﵽڡȻˣ޽֮صĴŵͼ¼ģȥģ˴ڵʱգ
۳ƹóһӡҶȣȻվ޽֮ҪӦһǲ޽֮أպÿúһҲкö͸ǣ


1172 ۳ͨӵĶ
ҶҲ޽֮أȷҪһʱ񣺡ãҲϢһʱ䣡
ﻹкüң
۳ƹһ֣Ҷˣ򶴿ҷƹһƬ黨ΧɵĻԣ¶ӡӡ֮һܶߡ
ÿһӡ۳ƹϢΧһЩװϣȻһЩĶǷ
Ϣ

۳ƹӺȻ˫һڷɳ֮Уһ黨ǰã޽֮һϣֵϹż澹ȻʮϹŴ

ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˶
ϹŻڼԪУȻûл𣬶ȫػͨҲӵԪ
ӵһҩЧˣҲںӿںֱ޷Ҫȥɽ磬϶޼֪֮ǿҪᡣ
ʱ۳ƹó䣬Ưǰ
˱ɲ׽ܣҶҲ˼ҶˣˣԶ⣬Ѿܾ۳磬е㲻ʰɣ̫ˣô˼أЩɵ㹻ˣ
ҿ
۳ƹ΢΢һŭæָԣôûпҲôҲûҲǶѣֻ㣬ʲô
˵ãǾˣ
Ȼѻ˵ˣ۳ƹѰҶȫԼˣϣҶȥƳ٣
ǻһͰϹһһڴС
£֪ܼˣãźﴦǣҺúõģ۳ƹ͸һݺ¼ţЦһȻ򿪷ӡҶһһȥС
ߣռҲС֮ǰҶȶҾбɡ
Ȼ֮ϣδУ޽֮Ȼϡ٣ҶߣɸֱܵɣǰҪһաںϡ
ߵ֮һԶںϣںе
Ҷȿʼ۳ƹӸ޽֮ͼϴǧͼʼһס޽֮أϵˣ޽֮Ѿ꣬ԶҶ˵޽֮ؾһˮīϵ
ɽƿص޽֮أԶʮ֮һһ޽֮̽ô꣡
ͨںϣҶһ޽޽֮صͼ
Сǧ𣺡磬޽֮أ汦ҲϹż뱦ĴУйżЩֻ˲֪δ߹ˣ
ΪԼȡЩأ
һʺţҶԺУҡȥ
˲Ҫ˵һˣƿеԴӵ̫࣬˵ԽԽԶԶ֪ԼҪʲôЩɽ磬δˣǱɽĹ屦Щúˣӵ޵δӲõɽ
û뵽ˣȵؽ۹⣬ʲô˽壬ɽ˴ǧͼ
磬˾ˣĬĬ¶СȥЩԶ񻰷ӡżΪǰϹͥǿߣȥЩżûʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǰ˵õȥȡЩ棬ϹǿߵĴУһмӵиӹϵʱż
ŶԶżϴȥķӡ֮زࣿ
Զˣӡ֮ϹħսֵɣΪѹħֲõ󷨣ԶżԶǿߣ֮µУǰ̫ľ˵۴ɵ˵ǵõʮңԶʱĴУӵʵڸ٣ֹ׹ԶʱĴڣ
׹񣡣
ʱҶȵУһһէģ˾ȻУôıأԶʱż
ͻȻ𣬽ʱٵ׹ֳŷ֡ҹ棬նɱ̫ޣɱħǶô˼
ܵõԶ񻰵ĴУ϶ɵʱУӵ޵еʵ
ֻǸ磬˵޽֮ʱʱ̶̿˶ȥĵطֵıأ͸ıλãǱ˷ˡ
ŴСǧʧ
ǺǣˣЩͲˣοҲҪѧϰѧϰˣܲʲôõӵеѾ㹻ȻЩ屦Ե˵õɣ
ɫ𽥻ָƽҶԪʼǧͼڲ
֨֨֨֨
ԪҶȸոս٣޵ŭȻСǧԱߣǰһָҶȾͼʮһͷޣһƬʱС
εıߣŭ׵磬ʱգûһôΪǱΪصʱ֮Уʲô󷨣С͵ķռ䡣
ײ
ҶȿûǣЩޣΪܣУһֱŽ޿ܾӵ뷨
ͷ֮ٶƽɽ磬ðӿϣŷ˵ȷ֮ɽ϶ᱬһңвٵ
ҶֻҪһֻ޿ܴɽ綯УܵңҲҪƷ칬ĺС
޷ٻбѹٸµۣ
ء
һ׿ӡ춼ԵϢӿڵĽʱУģ͵ޣܷҶǿԪֱСǧѹҶʩչײӦ֡
Լ칦ʮһͷ޾ͲˣȫΪ˿ܣ޼ִͨ
͡
ͻȻһɹӿӿҶȵĸӦ֮С
ڶ
ҶȵǺ⣬۳ƹӵĵô˶۳ƹݵɲܴ
뿪ǧͼصߣո߳ߣ̫ľҲ߳Ҷһ߳󷨣̾ͼ۳ƹ·ϷһսУȻԪڶһ۳ƹӣһǲ䣬һǿߡ
С粻Ҫţͨӣҵʦ֣ԼĽӣ۳ƹӺȻһƽ
̫ľҶ˵ˣͨӣ޽֮صĸ֮һ۳ƹӳΪŵĴ˶ţ
ͨӣ
Ҷ۾ԲֶԼĳ棬ݱĵ
ֻսС
Ԫ۳ƹԪͨӣ볣˲ߴһ˲ٿҶĽһ˲ٿغĻ棬ж췭ظ
̫ľֻѡۣΪԪ񶷷ԪвѹȣԪΪԶӡ
ֶҶȣʦܣֶ쵹ǳ˸½֣ȻĿԪ񶷷һ㲻ʸҲûУɼԪ񣬺䣡
һԶ֪ĸطƶ
۳ƹӽ˵ʦ֣ɽûв룬ǳٵа̡ħ塢ðܶţҶСֻеһȻʦܵУҲ͵һʦԼҶС磡
շͨнԶ
ͣ
ԪͷųӾȻֵͨϢȻı仯
ҶǴ۽ˣ
Ҷ֪֣Ԫ񶷷ô̫ľصߣúϢ£һֱֶ۾գ¡


1173 ״Ī
۷ǿ߶Ҷ˵ǳⳡֱʮŽ
ʦֽ֮󣬵ϢꡭʦֿӣҪڣ۳ƹԪ뱾𽥹λ
˫ۣƣӴֻԪļΪ
۳ƹҶ纺顢ʥ̫ľ룬Ҷ۳ƹʩ۳磬ҪϢǾͲ߶ţպҲȥˣ
õģȷҪϢͷһ⣬ǼԦȥɣС磬ԺҪ棬ͦ׵ģ޽֮ز޽ӣúأ۳ƹӼΪͳҲû֮ǰǷִݣһһƬ̾ͰסҶˣ𽥵Ʈ붴ߡ
߿գȻҶȵˣƮȥ
Լʱ˲뿪ɽҲʧȥɽм־ӿƺͱҶȵˡ
˿ʼƬʱգƯʧ޽֮ããĻʱգֱԶţ˲ŻͣҶͷһͼֱӿԽʮʱգҪȥƬ޽֮أ
̫ľһɨ𣬷·һ㣺ңԶշУҲҪʱ䣬дǧͼҲգ۹򣡡
Ұһλʦ֣ȡ֮Ȼǳ޽֮أҪӦȥϣ˵ﲻʲôȥطУȥʱգѰȺֻһЩֶ¡
ͼҶȺȻó·޽֮֮һˣõֶ۵ԴҪΪֶ쾡һ
ʱ䣬Ӧòںɴ۵ҲڵնʱδǵŴ磬һƻع飬ұȥȴ£Ҳ൶޴ͬˣ
֮ܲȰĪʦֶȡ֮һɹҲзݹͣʱϣóʮʦ㣬Ӧһ£ڳһʱȥͿһʲôʱңһﵹ治ż
пЦ£ʱ䣬ˣǳħǴؽﲻҶҲû취
׼
һҶȿʥ顢̫ľȻǣ纺̴߶ǧͼһɱǳһŴ죬޾ǳС
Ƭǳûз籩һƬδüͰӿһâƯһ޴Ĵ½֮ϡ
һУֻգʱѡ
Ҷȸ·½ȻҹȲ࣬ǻҺɫʯֿʡǣǶڴ½֮ϡ
̫ľʴ½ƺ½γɴŲǧ꣬Ϊһش籩ʼѹһγƬ½أ
̫ľǧͼУϾϹ׷ɱߣʱʱ̸̿ӦĴڣҶȳĬһͷһ̫ľǧͼ֮С
Ҷϳܵɫת纺纣񲻼򵥣ʱ㻹ǽռ䣡
ûʲôھռҲң纺Ŷ΢Ц˵
ã
Ҷ߶䣬һ̰纺ʥ飬ת˲ͽռ䡣
ʱҶǹһˣΧʱʱ̶̿纺ǵϢеƣʱʱ̶̿Դ
ٿ
½
һɽϣ̴߶ڵŷһɸӦ֮½촫ݶȥ
˷޽֮ҹеʴ½кܴͬ޽֮غɽ磬ҲвֵȻ٣ǿԸϡɭ֣ҲһЩԭ󲿷ֻԳ½Ϊ
½γǧ꣬ʯЩϣ޷ٹȥǧ꣬½һһʢ硣
Ӧķûʲôˣڽ½뽮УϢвٵˣ½Ѱ
Ҷ֪Ҫһʱ䣬˸ɽ壬ʩչʼУͻƳֳۣɾߣѣ߸պÿտռʱʱ̵̿С
Լ¹ȥҶۣ˫ͫƺһƬʱգĪʦˣȻԲʵҲʵѩ࡭
ಡ
Ҷȸ߸ߵطȻǰУʮһٶȼĻ꣬գҶӭȥѾȷ꣬״ӣĪ
ҶʦܣڰȻͣסŨüĿ⣬²ϴҶȡ
УȻԾϢȻѹƣ¶ɣͷƣҶȵĹϵ֮ǰûֱ仯
ҶȭĪʦ֣ʦҶ񣡡
״ĪԾ񣬽ʧûһ˿Цݣʮֺ䣬һеǰŴң޽֮ţǰû뵽һˣǸոճΪ״ӡ۵Ҷʦܣ
ʦӦöҪ£ʦܸպó޽֮أһΪʦ־һһҲʦּʶһҶȻĵ
ȻͬţͲÿΪʦ֣ȻԴȽ½ĳǳأĪתҶȵͷҶһͬ½
һʱ޽֮һɽΧ룬Ȼһƺ׳Ǵ󼸱ĳǳأԳƵĳǳأǳ
ҽǳأûʲôʣԭǳأɼͷռУǸ̾һǳأ۾һ
Ӱƿصĵ̣һ̤ڵǿߣ˸½Ӱ
ĪҶһҺܴĿջҲ㷱иֱʯǶǰһ֣мҽ̵꣬Īһ·ţҶȽջ
ոսջСӭӣҶķ֣ջȻΪˣϿڣʮС
ʦܣЩ˶Ϊ֮֮غŴǰһɸ߿Ϯ½ɾ޴ƻǵûô𣬵ޡ˲ȥ¶ϹŵһżȻżϼ¼ڴ֮¼ͬϢ
ҶһէȻΪ֮ʲôĹ£֪㣬̾Ϣ˵֮⣡
ĪûлشҶ⣬С¥¥Ȼûж¥һ¥ôͷӿҲûٿһ¡
ȷһ⣬ʱ߿մϮ½֮ʱ;У˹ϵżϢ¶ֶͨΣõ֮Ϣִ񣬶ȡ֮պҾ½ʮʦֵܣ½ˣ
Īϣ͸һΡ
ΪΣ
ջô˾֪ˣôڸ֣ǻвٴССջ֪жˣΪ֮
Īһ۷壬ڣõ֮Ŀܣ΢΢
λõڴ֮һϢСӦоУܿСͶþƺòˣص˵һ
Īհ֣СȥĪ򾲾ҶȺȾơ
Īʦ֣ʦ˵һ˫Ԫ޹֮УҶһֱעĪһһʦ֣һж
һˣ˫ԪƽģֻһܣǼװƽ


1174 ʯ
¥ÿˣԷ뾡취ȡڴ֮ϢΨĪҶһֱƽĽȾơ
ĪһԶһʣҶԵȻڲͬ
ֻҼõ֮ѣڳ벻ɣŵƽϣһö֮ȷΪţԴϴ۰£һڣ
Ǵ֮֮˶ΪڣԼУЩˣĸӵм̵ĵˣһż
ĪƱأƺһۿУ˵һЩڴ֮Ļ
Ϊƽ͸һԶĹ¼š
λϢˣҪһȥżģǻӭȻû̫֣ڳԺڵȱ£
ͻȻڳԺȵˣ·ʲô̶ͻȻʮվһ¥˵
ԭһСŻ
ȥż˶ԸһϼǶһȥżѰҴ֮ż޷ȥˣν˶󣬶԰ɣʦܣˣ
ܿ˿ʼˣԽԽ࣬ʮˣĪɨһΧȻؿҶʵȥǾʹ뿪Ͼʵ㲻ø֣ʱʱΣգ
ҶȭȻʦˣǱʦһ֮ôɰ;ϣ;УȷĶ㣬ʱʦȻ֪֮ʹ뿪ôȥһ
Ī΢΢ͷվתŻӻ֡
λֵܣλֵܼǣ
˶Ųͬ˼Ŀ⡣
ҶȲ˵Īɫж
Լ֮ŻȻչһˣڵڣɫɫ˶Уħа̵ҲУΪ˶ᱦķˣһҶֻΪ˿ۣĪصϢһЩ˹ע
ͨ˽⣬ҶȲ֪ԭǣᱦˣŻķŻʵǿ󣬾͸һ
˼ŻǾǸ˶ж
˲Ϊʵǳ˵ǿߣǲмЩΪ飬ϾҶְϻˣǼΪټġ
ŻȻھ¥Ժȣ໥ʶԼ֮һ˲ź뿪뿪ǣش
һ·ϣҶȵǺ˵Ī˶н
½ϣҲŲٵޣЩ޶˲ǵģڣҲȥԸޣҶȾôٻᣬʯ˵ޣץסԽޣе̾Ͷһ֡
Խͬεʵشֵֹżչ¶ǰϧżͱ˷˸飬һЩֵʣǿҵĹδ֪Ϣеһ˿ҲûС
Ǭе޼ʯࡣ
½ɽ޾ʱգԼĸʱգɽżδ¼ʡ
һ£ڼһƬޱ޼ʵķش
治ʲôըγɣӲ콵ʲôʯҳɣһתѴؾһƬ棬ʶˣʣ¸ʣһЩ޴ĵһЩĹ
½γǧ꣬γ֮ʣжٵżУŸ߿մ٣òٷص׵żؼա
һСżƺյżʲôµƵģÿ˶ð麹
ʦܡ
ٶԽԽҶȺ涢ܣȴͷӦʱĪҶԱߣŶкλãƬ棬Ϊ֣֮˲ٵˣȻҲޣһ࣬Ϊʯޡ޿ȥϾһʯѻɣأ̣޵У֪һѰʱʱ̶̿ƣαװɽǹ֣˷ɹȻ󷢶Ϯ˶ڴˣ
ԭǱޣҶһȻ
ƬޣļޡޡʴͳͳУҪ⿿ɽ壬СʯޣĪһȫչʦֵĹػ
ٺ٣ҸҪ㣿˿Уұͷʣʯ޸ҳһͷҲŹ
ҶڨڨЦʲô֮ڰĴУҪںʲô˴У󴫳УҲҪ
ѰʺԼģʯޣ˶ҶƫƫҪȥӽǣͳͳǧͼʶƳΪ޿ܡ
ڴһֱʯ޳ֵҶȣһ·ϣһͷҲûֱ֣ٴλٶȣһħذżϢһƬ
ˣв˶ɻУҶҲú⣺ʦ֣ѵ֮ħżУ
ĪҶһķע⣬ӦϹħһλǿߣżȻõ˴֪֮ʲôԸ⣬һֱӡĵȻֱ䣬δںϴ֮ȻΪż˶ճ½
ǸգҶȱɫħżʿ˵պѹơ
ĪǺգΣδħڣЩҵˣҲˣϣҵ
λֵܣǴ֮ʱĵط˴һħͷżǱúúżߣһڴתڳÿһˣͷڰÿˡ
ʵȻҪǿһ֡
ȻǸ֣ؼ֮ǿ߶Ҫı˭Ҳ֪᲻ڵǿ߳֡
鿪ʼż
¡
ոս棬ͻȻķʯ㿪ʼ𶯣ʯˣոոӦͱһʯ˽ȥ
һʱ䣬ʯ㲻ϵش
ͻͻͻ
ʯ㿪ʼ·һ㣬ֻһͷͷʮɸߵʯйʼ˶Ϯ
ʯޣǿżΧǼɵħɵǿϢڸ֣ǾѲסڳÿˣٷħ档
һ㣬ԼʮˣǱʯޣ̷ֽԵǿҲͲˡ
ǿħ
ħ棬ΧûʲôǸʣΨһǣһǿħΧ˸озëֲʯޣҲҽƬ档
ţ
żΧǿϹħҶȾͲòͷĸӦȻħȻҶںϣռռںϣҶȷ·żΧĿռ䣬ϵһ
ȻʮʣѾԸӦ߰˰ˡ
һӦҶȾͷ߰żΧѰڣǿռ֮һԼоڵϢҶĲڣҶɻȻкùϹʿϢżิӵϢżڣмˣһЩǱǿߣȻмǴӳͷ֮ӳķߣ
һӦоżһ⣬·С
޽֮زǿ磬ڡû뵽ڽ棬ЩߣϹŵʿһЩصǿߡ֮һö֮Ȼôǿߣ
Ҷ֮УһΧЩˣû˼ĸӦ֪ʵһĹ


1175 
˴żʵڹ죬ܣֻнżܸӦҵĸӦҵ֮ھͷҪ٣кܶδ˸ӣһպٸĪʦҲ٣
ϸӦľܣҶ˼һο϶Ҫõ֮ȻĪϣҲΪֶ쾡һ
ֶ۵δزһӣΪھͷֶ˵Ǿ޴ջ
ңҶѵԼֶӣôֻҪɣʵҲߡ
ҶȴȱѸӦĶĪȵʱ죬ٸ߶ԷҲ١
ܿǿߴͷ˾棬𽥼ʣմħ˳˶ףϹżеħͷ϶ͬѰ
ħԽɭɭķγɸӵŷͨͽʼѰżڣ;УŻ
żھһƬħŨҵĿռڲһѰңƺȥû˸շԾӴħҶѾӦһƬħرŨңһ󷨵򣬶żڡ
ڴҶѰңҶҲܸĪȴשע⵽ƬڣȻͷӬȥҵҲ֪Ǻˡ
Ԫ
ԪͷһռϢӿƬħڵȻͷһӡ

һɷڵͻȻƬħڵİգ

ͻأ֮ǰ˷ǿߵ֮Ǻܿ˷УҶڵŻҲϳ˹ȥ
һƬħֳĽ磬ڼУѾȲУʲôŻһţΪӪУڲδ˶ɱ
ʦܣһҵڣôˣ֪м˻Żǲżж
ĪΪϵһֳ棬Ҷȼ֮ڲ˽ĪʾҶȣһͬħ硣
ħкǿϢȴǿҲǱ߿ƻҲ˵ż˷룬ʱͼһͬܶͨͨڲħɭɭ趯ţеʣȷϹ֮
˿ʼѡͨԼʮͨﲢţ
ʦܣҾͷֿжʴһЩʲôΣգһʱ۷ʲô£ʦҿˣСģ
Ī˵꣬ѡһͨӯС
ֿжҲã棬иϹʿЩߡɽ絮˷ˣ෴߶⼸ϣ˵ҲʲôܣҪҵ֮ϢӦ֮ٸĪʦ֣ȥȡ
ԭسĬ֮½˷벻ͬͨҶȲûѡ񣬶ֱԼͨһС
ħȻϡ죬̫Ũҡ
ͨͼһЩʵǽħںϣγľ޴ͨһЩϣʱйϵħϹʯϢǲıȴûȥȡ
ҶͨһʱͨӦһȻһӣһԹâʮ⣬顢ʥȾ˶ʱҶǰ
ϹħżȥԱѡͨҶٻ˳Ϊþ˿ʼżõ
ǣ
ʮ˿ʼ뿪ͨȥѡͨ
Ҷȿʼͨ;ʱʬ壬ȻǶᱦɱҲԭͷʣһǿߣδ֪ĸΣգֻգƽ״̬Ӧ
ͨܿһƬħ󷨣ɱ󡢾һһ֣ڶ֪жٵҪ䡣
ҶͷŸӦ϶գ֪ܿһصۣ𽥽һҲûд߶
ǰƺһɺܱħ
Խ󷨣ҶСǰУͨһ󷨣ҶȻҪٽż
ͻȻҶͨħǰһ󷨣ƺͬѰƺѹһϹħоǷӡ֮أħõķħ࣬Ϲħ
ȵȣ
ԭħ֮УȡϹħҶٴͷŸӦڸӦħ֮ʣȴӦɲͬѰȻѹϹħ
ҶٴμǿӦͷϢͬǿߣһϹϢʮŨҵħǿߣһһ𡰷ߡϢ
Ϲʿеħһ𷴿ߣ𷴿ҵʱҩӲҵĸӦ˶۷Ĵڣʵǳֲȶľ쳡۳ƹӶҪǿһ֣
ӡϢͷԪҶϢħ֮⣬Ȼʩչһħ磬˾׽С
ȥϹħҪþ⣡һħͬһɭɭ
ҶȻһ裬Ϲħʿ֪Ϲͥûʲôϵ
룬Ҷ̸߸߷ͷһԪ񣬴Ũħֹ̺򣬿ħռ䣬𽥾ͼһħ̨֮ϣһ۵ˣһ꣬һһңֱͷסһħ塣
ѹħ壬ʵϣħֲãҶҲоħĲ
ȡħһӵС顱
ͬѰһħ
ҷ꣬һ𷴿ߣĳħЦ뵽ϹͥҲԴ֮Ȥаĸ֣ȡ֮
ħͻȻɭɭ꣺СӣʵҲѾҪͻڣħ壬˿ܣǷߣΪҲ֪칬ѾЩӳͷ֮ӳﷸһһ֮ͨϣϹ̳ͥҪ칬ģȡħҿԲݣй¶ȥ
̳
Էļ仰ɫʱŭˣΪǸɵ£˲֪ϹͥȻһӪͥô꣬˶ٶ£˭Ҫ֣ߣɣǡˣֵܣ඼Ϲͥӳˡ
ǺǷһһȺϰˣҪ칬ϹͥͥʵֹǣƷ칬
ͬΪı˭˭ҵУ
·ΪִϹͥܶԷ˵˵ǣ޶ԣԽǿңɫ԰׵״̬£ȻҪȡħ塣
һ칬ǷӦò࡭
Ҷ΢΢һҲҪȡ֮ϹͥҲҪõֻ֮֮һ֪ⳡᣬǺεȵĲҡ
Χмʬ壿
Ǽħ壬Ҷǵòˣ۷Ķ֣һ㣬ҶȲ뱩¶ǧͼߵȵ̣ǰϹͥħ֣ķߣֻСɫΪҶ֮ǰӦУϹʿ뷴УڵϢ
ڳ֣˷ҶȾҪΣջ£ڶԿΪһħòʧ
ȻҶҲԴ߶ڷڵӡǣҲԵõħ壬Ȼ࣬ȴûκεơ
룬ҶֻգȻ׼뿪ħ


1176 Ч
ȡҵı𣿡
һɭġ˺ëħͻȻ
ħ飡
Ϲͥħǿߣͬһ̣ǷһȻͷȡħȻ𾪿ķѰԴڡ
ħ
·ʲôħ
ɲǣѹħΧһɶħˣֻƬ̼䣬ħͷų˵ħǿͷŵϮϣס֣ͬʱ˸ȫ
ˣ
ͻȻǸҶΧ
飬ɣħûһ˿ôҶȲδǿ߱ӡߣ֮ԱӡΪ̰֮УħħĿƣɵɵذͷųȥ
պøħƿ˵
Ҷֻħ֮УǿߣᱻħԾ֮ѹҶȲżҲߡ
Ȼħĵ֣ˣϹͥǿ뷴ߣȻҲ޷ѰϢҶȾͿԷĵضȡħ
ˣ
䲻ģ𱻷ӡǿߣͻȻħζ֮УվȫϢħںϣңʧȥ־Ϊ˱ħƵĿܣܶħ壬ľغ
Ҳ˵ħС
ħԳңҶ֣ҿϹŵҵˣħףЧͻõϹŵǵˣһվ۷Ĵڣ
ߣǰǿ󣬻ӲħżҶȷЦ
飬ֻʣ²־ż棬Чҵˣҵ˸㽫ӵд֮
ԭˣѾˣ
Цʲô֪ҵˣӵв־ںһеϹż˵ıʱԸ㲻ûϵõʲôҶ԰쵽ڴ֮ҵ˸ܸ㣡
ɵñҲˣǣ

ԻȻֹҶͻȻת䣬Ϊһ裬ħ硣
ħ鰡ħ飬ܡôܺúл㣡ҶȻŹЦŸıħԭ֮ǰжԻʱߣǿ۸ѡ
Ӳȥ
ħŭˣ
ಣ
ħͻȻڰֲָȻ䣬ӰͬʬһҶңһ
ˣϹͥħǿߣķ꣬꣬ûڳͷ֮磬ܾĥųȴϹħż֮С
ʵҶ겻ѡ

ΪܣʧȥʶһǿȻ۷壬ħںƣ޴ͬƶ֮ײҶȷ֮ϣһˣҶȱ˳ȥ

ҶǱѣȫֶ֣ɣһ飬̫Ǳڴ˿̣ͻȻһƵĺӰͬʱͷһħɷ
ɲܿЦҪǱôһħУǾ군ˣҶϾȻĮЦݣϢͬƵģھ޴ħѹʱʱವһ˳ȥ
øͨ࣬ϧΪڣӹҵƿأǿӵгԽ㾳ı£Ҳ㳼ֻϣͱ
ħգмƺҶǿҲƿأ˭ҶֻΪ
ɣҵ֤ʵһħżˣǷֻʣ־ǿħ鿿־Ȼ󡭡ҲõĴ֮ⲻһ𣿡
ħڷӣҶѾһҪʼ֣κ־ҲԸҶȣҶȷѹκ־
ħżˣֱܣ
ķ⣬Ҷȿɲѻһ㣬ɵɵطŵ
䡫
ӰһҶȵȥ·ƶħسҶѹҶܲħһɣһϢѾΪ
࣬˵ҵĶ֣ҵܣҲԸˣͶɣΪã̫ޱˣܻȥõҪģ
ħ𽥱ʵҶʱͬͷȣҶȵǰ
ӵгһ𣿡
Ϊڵǿ𣿳Ϊɽľͷ𣿡
ɣҪģŮˡȨơκβƸҶԸ㣬ſԼ
ħ·Դ͸뼡Ԫ
ңÿۣ˵ʵ뷨ħͷ
Ī˵ѰҴ֮ˣĸõ֮ΪǿߣպħǿԳȫǵȫ
Ҳ۳ƹӵǷ޽֮ؾһȾףĲ̣ͻᶯҡܵջȻ˵·ԼѡģеʱԼȴʧ
ħһǼ򵥵һϹŵħκβ̺ͬջʵ֮УֻҪһϿɣħħͻ𽥿Ƶģ𽥿Ԫ
գͻħ˵
һЩĲᣬԪΪǿˣ϶Ѳˣеˣʲô־򣬺޲ħ֡ˡеӵǿΪȻֿܵħ飬ʵҲ޷ӹħջ
ħ˵˭õǿ޾ƸͨȨơˣ
ħ飬б£ҳߣħ飬Ϊõķѣ
ҶȻȻǱĺܣȴܵͷһԵٴη硣
ŶԭʶҵǺãҾʩչҵ㳼ķڷ
ħŭ𣬷·յӣ
仯
ҶȿΧħܴ仯ħȫںϸ߿գҶߣȴڿܲסȻħȻСΪһ޴ħӰ
ĺǿ󣡣
ħ䣬ȫħ֮УҶɫˣ޷߶ǧͼʣǿӳġ
һǾˮһʩչ˲ħı𣬱һƣħҲụ̂Ļʲô
ƣ
ҶȻһĲģͷųһγɷ빥ҪƿħӰ
ҶȵȷСħӰһѹѹ顣
ˡˡħˣСķˣˣͨСķڷ
ҶȵȫҪһ̣Ҷħϣˡ

ħЦЦðʮ㣬ţħӰʧһͯӣͯӣƯħ֮ϣظҶȡ
ԭСǧһڳɳڵ飬ôħ飬ӵʶӦòǺܾáҶȻž벻ŴͿħ飬Уȴ糣
ҪģǿǸӵķϣͷŹ㣬ħ£нƣĵģɷħһץһħӣС
ǣСĸҲҪСҶȶʱ˫֡

ӡħӣħһ֣Ʈ䡣
Ҷȵħͯӵ棬ֱӰħħͯҲ˵ͷųһӡ
ǿħӡŵԴҲ벻ҵ̫һκε
ҶЦˣսթЦˡ
ħͯӵȦףⲻ֪ħͯĵʤʱ޷϶


1177 ͨħ
Ͷˣһ֪ľǶôȷɣʱʼһλħʹֱ˸
ħͯӼӸ½һύһħķһǸӦ˵һбķһԺʹãס

ħͯһӰշҶȡ
Ҷȵõ̾͸о̺ҷԲħͯɣûʵϢҲͬпɳķӦķϢħࡣ
һǳأϢҶȻδӦġ
Ҳ˵ż֮У޷
ħʹãħʹݣǿ԰ڲıȫߣٺ١Ҷ̰Цˡ
ڽһǳҪɣܼżȡıڣȸһöתӼ̣̺Ũҵ֮֮뿪żȥ½ɢ֮ϢҪ֪һ㣬ϢɢԽ㣬㽫Ĺ;Խ󣡡
ҶħͯͻȻشһӡƯһŻ׵ӣʮֵعϣҶȼϹʿû˹ϵϢ
ħͯӵöתһöڣῴľ޴仯
Ȼһ֣ӡҶ¡
ö
ֻһӦҶȾͿǹУ̺Ȼץסӡһתżڷȥ
ħ壡
ħָħͯӸոҪħ屾ںϣһӰ˸һħӰȴģϵصħʹѾ㹻ˣԴԴӿȱ
ħͯӶʱӭҲ˶תˣʱѣ
ⲻʵ⣬Ϊħ飬ֻҪ£һЩϹħԪһͳħڣλħ飬ȥЩ࣡
ǣ
ಣ
ħͬʱʧħ֮С
ż֮ķ磡
Ȼħ֮гͨ裡
Ҷ÷ֱӲøӦԽһħ뿪ħż½ա
ͣ
ո̤룬ڴĦ֮һԭħͯڵķӡȻͬ֩ʼ·һڿħһ޷ӦҶȣ֩ħ˲ͻ鵤޷ıը
Ȳѹת
Ҷȴ߶һһУˣҶóתͷУҶüͷһɻ󣺡Ȼ̺һΰ֮䣬ô˾֣ħͯ˵Ĳһöתȷ췭ظı仯ʵǿתֻ£˵Чǻ̫ˣ÷£֮УƺһɱȵħӡҪǿķӡԷģ
νո˵Ҷ֪Էװ׸ô˰׻ÿ˶ġ
ſ죬תѪ̫һʮӡ̣ʼһ㣬ƮƮģһ߶ȫʼϵطڣҪһͬ
ԼʱŻָƽûѪ̫ʮƽȻҶеһӵһʢϵػ߶ѪҺȫ
תȻֻڣ̺ȴΪģٺ٣ҵ˱仯ԲתŨһ֣ЧȻӾˣ֪ħͯӣõת
ҶȺȻת⣬Ȼֱ˭۲
ܿ죬ҶȾͱʵʵȥ½ɢϢ
һòҶǱǣڲͬĿջɢ֮Ϣ֮Ϣ¶Ҷ˵̫ס
ǣ½еĻ֪֮ϢҶֶͨΣͬˣʼɢϢ
ֱ½˸飬ʱ䣬ҶȲŽ񣬾òˣȻصżħ֮С
Ҷȸջصħ󣬾ͱħͯӸӦһǣҶȽħУҶͰѶʮһ䣬ȻָĪϵҶǣĪһֱûж
ÿ˶Ҷı£ħжħ˹ϣݻ޷Σա
ҶʱҲϵĪֻҪҵ֮ڣֱӶȡ֮ʽĪõˡ
Ͳñ¶ֿԵõ֮ΪֶףԼһ
ĲˣԽԽ࣡
ҶҲ֪ʲôλãոһƬ˵ħռ䣬ħʹҶΪޡ
СԵΪиҶʵʵΨΨŵŵ˵
񣬾ǲٿءͨħ߰ɣ
ħͯ˵꣬ҲҶ˼һħ;Ҷȣһͬ߿գֱӴԽһ󷨡
УҶȻӦ·͸ħռ䣬ǧˣֲڲͬĵطȻӡ
ٿͨħҵõ𣿡ΪħͯʧȥҶһ̰ģʵ
ħͯӲδŭƺ뵽ҶȻ̰Ҫ˼һ裺֪ʲôһöתΪѾﵽԲںڣ£һһתöת֤ܽڣ°ãһ
ǿתܽڣ
û
Ҷҡҡͷм˷ܣ֮ǰţûиǿתû뵽ħͯӾˣҶһҲΨǲһıԴ
Ծ֪ٲʱգҶȲ֪ϹǿߵĵǶôľ޴Ҷȸӿ϶ˣһһλͨܡ
ƣ
ħͯͻȻͷųһӡһħҶһͬУţҶǰͳһħͨ
ͨħ˽һύ㲿ֿͨħķʱʩչͨħһֱͬȥһ˿и֪Ľģɣ͸ת
֮䣬ħһܷӡħͯӣҶȵԺ
һĮۣħͯ˵֮һץһϤתҶȵǰ
ħͯ򻺻Ƭռ䡣
ںϣ
ҶƽתķӡתʱȵһתǿʢʮͬڣҶҶڴǹҲһǿҶʼںϣһ䡣

棬ʼҶƤΧȼա
Ȼħͯ˵һֻ̫Сҵתһ˵ǲǶңҪʮתԴﵽԲȻڣ
ڵζͬʱ仯ֻҪﵽ۷壬̫ѡ
ɵ۲ͬɵУӷ˴ﵽ۷һ߾磬Ҫͬĸ򣬶ۣľ磬ΣԽǿ̤ߵľ磬վڸߵ磬ȻҪһδε


1178 ħ
ҶһΣںתһ濪ʼħͯµķ
Լа˰ٵַһ޷ľҶȻʼһַУΪٶȻǿģʩչʵȻǧٱ
Ҫʮתǿתܴﵽͻڵĸ߶ȣڣ
עϧ޷ͷŷӡѪ̫һںϣʮδɱ䣬ˮɡ
ˣת֮Īֹӣʲôϵ
һͷҶԺⲻֱǵ룬Ҷüͷһ˼һҡҡͷŴ֮һţǴܻᱻֻһֱ֣֮ǱεȷʽŻᵮתɽĹżУҴδĹʵȻõĶ֮ȣ֮˶ģתȴʺÿˣ
Ķ֮ϵӣҶȽʵоǲϵۻںϣ
ת֪ǲĹʵųԶʱת̬˾ˣ֪ĹʵֻΣ
ţҶȾ;ãħżҲתĹʵôתģֶ֮ġ
ˣںϣ
ڣҶȰѰ˰ٶַѧˣħĹַһǲַҶȶͨħ̴һַ

ʱͨħӿһɿµĽ֮ҶУȻҶȸоΣյı仯ˡ
ҶȽͨħ˲䣬ڵĵħӡת̺ķӡͬʱһȫӡҶȵĵһҶȵԪⲻĨɱҶ
жĥɱ¿
ȻҶȲħ֮ˣǶôĺԶţҺ֮ǰ綯ֽţԪͷӡһԪ񣬱תķӡͬľɡ
ǹħ˲ӡ飬Ҷ޷ա߶κ
ħͬʱҶ޷Ϊˡܡ
ÿɶħͯӣӦҲǸСආתķӡߣһµĴڡҾͿҪʲô
ҶľؿʼʩչʶһֱԪûȥתԪӡȥޱ飬еһ˶š
ħͨʲôط
ڣҶͨħռ䣬żʱ䣬ͨħˣһѪƺǰһ̻ڶȻͨħһɱɱſʼ
һڵ˾ҡͷ֪ż֮У󷨣ȥٵżδ˸ӡΣյĵط
ǲҪٶȥ֪ͨħʲôҪ֣лᣬλڣһвӵ𣿡
ǵģûˣһж
ˣͨħι޷ƿӳֻͨħϵ
ϧԪ񱻷ӡˡ㴥Ҳܴ߶ڿ΢΢Ӧͨħʲôط
һΣҶֻѡĵȴ
ٺ٣ӣħ֮Укãóɣ֮ǰ˼ʥɽĳϣҾͶ㣬ʲô̵û뵽㻹˵һŮˣ
¹ȥȻַӰǰһٷеòŮӣһܻӡ
ʥɽӣ
Ҷ΢΢һ̫⣬ʥɽֶϵɣʥɽŮӣҶȶʥɽȽģȻ֪ʥɽЩ֡
û뵽ǰŮӣʥɽһλϣֶͬ컪һϣʥɽȻһ߸ϵĴڣû뵽½Ϊ˴֮
Ҳͨħ֮С
Ԫ˼һ᲻֪Ϊ˱б׷ɣκαҶ㣡
һҲˣֱӼӿٶȣͨħȥǸԪϵ׷ȥۺɭɭɱ
֮УҲ˽֪ΪǾ춯أû뵽ʥɽʵȷǿֶһЩ
ҶҡҡͷΪΣڻ֪Щǿߣǲ޻أҲͨħֻͨ󷨿ռѡ
ĪʦҲ֪ôҵϢʧˣҲһֱûжϣ뿪˵أ֮һܶȡģ
֣ʵȫͬĪ֮ϵĸ֣Īħ³òȥʱֶʧһλ״ӣһξ޴ʧ
ţ
սͨħãһǿҵϢȻҶȱӡԪ񣬶оΣա
Ǻδ
һӵ΢΢
ţͨħǰΣһ꣬ͷߣһݣ¶һǣϢûо磬Ҷȸܲôò꣬һһڵľͷ
ҶȿƵͨħȻüͷһ裺ôмɱ˶ŵĲˬо
ڹȻǿ󣬿Ǹܵڤڤ֮ʶעҶʮ𾪣ͨħھͷȻܸӦʶ
װŪ
ƺ׼ַ֣ˣȻ˫ͫƣо⴦ħڲһǿҡ𺳵Ϣʱʲôôвĸо
ת
ͻȻһϢͨħ޴ڵĴݶƺҲҶǻˡ
ȻϹŵħڣɣҪΪħ󣬾סңҪץס㣬õı𣡡
һӵķȻڶõı
ظֶͷųϢ·˲䣬Ϳչֻص
ҽ֣
ģҶע£һӣˣһִĿ࣬ͬһе޵ӣûκεı飬о䣬Ҳоůûκε¶Ϣ
꣬ΪĮ㲻ҵĶ֣ڳڣǺǣٶɹɹٵĴڣǾ֣ûʸ񣡡
ûʸ񣿡
һʱŭա
һڣٵУٴε٣۰µΪ
ǣصĺǰȻ˵ûʸǼ裬ս
˵ûʸ񣬾ûʸ񣬴Ӳٽħ˿У֪ԪˣǶôף޵ڣ֮УҲ̫Ľޣ㲻֪Ǹʱ֪ҳԪʲôϹۣͥǲʸҽ֣㣬Žڣʮѣ
ô֪
꣬ѣƺһ˵С
ΪҲˣĮĴﵽ
תˣѹȻһȥһϤҶȶ
ţϤħͯӣˡתˡǰ
ҶȻһħͯӣתˣԭҲһ飬ǿۣǱӡǰʲôܿԣתˣתʲôϵ𣿡
ͨħѹ£ܸͨħڣҪϳѹ
תӦħͯҪ˲ʧˡ


1179 ˫Ԫ
ħ鱾һΪ׺ϹħͷǸո̤ڵĴڡ
ԪȻӡתҶȿǿܣйȻڣͨͫҪָħżܣȻܵõ֮
һ顭棿
ͨħڣ
ͷһŭصƣȻԾһУֲħͯӺݺѹȥ
˾ҶȴͨħȻûһ˿𶯣ԼյķҲûܵ˿Ӱ죬Ҷȳ˾Ǿ˵ڣѾͨأʱա
ȻӵпٵصͨκΪľͷһУͿ򣬴ǡ
ͷһУ޷ͨħ
ǣͨħȫѹ֮ϣ
ħɽ콵
ⱬڽҶȣовڵʵ޷ƥУĲ࣬بɽĴ˵Уܴڵ
ȻһߵħϹħͨħУؽ٣֮Ҷȣ̸о𶯣ƺϹħͨħ
Ӵħǿ߷˲䣬ķȻԾѹ˫ϥ£˫ָ߸ħ壬Ѿ޷κͨ޷ʩչ
ֻȫԸħѹһħͷѹ÷ǣǽƻħ飬Ưħ֮ϣͨħҲżѹ꣬ǲӰͨħ
ھͷùˣҲŵȣϧƫƫվ͵ȣպñ˲ͷϡ
ȻͨħϹħż£꣬Ƶģ޷ħ鿹⡣
һǿߣѹͨħǿתˣֻҪͨħˣֻ·һ
ҶͨħǺεȵĴڣҲϧһھͷôװױħѹ

˫
ͻȻҪѹ֮ʣĽڷͨħڣջ䲻⹥޴ħ塣

ħ徹Ȼ÷ɳɣ꣬ץסᣬϰա
ȵڸ֡ħͯ΢΢ضݣȴȻûжٱ飬ɭɭضǰ
ɣڣ
·˳ְ꣬һھͷⲻ
ҶԽ˽ͨħǿ󣬻ʱʱ̿̿ԳֵתˣҶȿ󷽣ȣ۳ƹӵ˵Ҳ޽֮һȴʲôţһΪ𡯵ľͷ޽֮أΪĽߣһоҲ޽֮أȱţҪһأ
û°ɣ
ɽķâͷƵˣͨħշÿжһޱȰԵĽ
ĻΪڸ󣬾͸λھͷлλ¸мǻǿ뿪ﲻܿģ
ˣѵħĶ֣պħҲһħ֮ǿѹ֮꣬󣬳Ϊ飬Ϊã
һˣȫδĻĵҪħͯӣһߣͷŽ׼֡
֡Ҳֲǣ߰ɣһ𡭡һҲǶɹٵķ飡
ʲô
ת˵Ĵڣ۽ߣԭһη壬֮Ƭ̾һһ˼Ĵڣ·֮еĲ࣬һǰ㡣
ǽ̤ͨħѾ벻ˡ
ͻȻһĮ޽ͨħ
תˣ
ħͯʱͨ
ߣ
ʱ߸ʱ
ǿߣתȥͨȼٶȣ󣬵ǾƺҪɳʱһصĴ󶦰ħ˲ǰȻһתͰֱ˻
ʲôôǿ󡢳״̬ħ飡ֻһ棬ڸ֣Ų̶ͬƣǿߣҲŵһҵꡣ
ǿ޷ĵز
ȣɽʲôϵ𽥵أǵεħУת˵ĮȻ
Ȼת˵ı𣬾һϵĴ󶦡
ǿߣּɵԷɫĿⶼΪɽǴδɽֻһȣ
ϧǸʱһɵΪɽһԻ͵ʱǵĽ̺ɽϢȣǵõɽĲִС
ѵϤĴڣϧ£򡭡һῼǷŹһɽһ񽣵Ľ飬ŴνֶˣʵʵΪҪְɣ
ǹϵĴ󶦣תĮȻתֱײַ֣Ҳ޷ֹ󶦵ƶȻڵľͷͨħ
ɽδĴڣħżˣǳԽϹͥǬڼԪ֮ǰĴڣ
ΪֹҶȼΪԶŵĴڣǬϹͥ޷ȣԪһϲӲ
ھͷҲͨħ
Ҷһֱ޷ʵ֮ǰ޷ϵģΪǿߣвû뵽µǡǡϹħż
ħͯӻڿͨħ󷨣ڻ뿪ʱ̣ҪͨħܣΣ֮أҶȲż뿪ǼװƵģȴͨħ˱仯֮ڼ¡
鿴Ʋʵֺܶת

һͨħУ
ʱʱ˳ͨħҲɼڵӰӡ
ͨħһУһͬҶȰĿܣľʩչӡַˣȻҶȵͬʦ֣Ī
Ҷ࣬ƳΪ˿ܣľʣκζûи֪ͫĿɢ
ǣͫĹâͻȻᣬͫһĿ⣬ĪգգۣҺ˫Ԫ񣬱ǿħ飬ӡеһ츳ڲͬߵ죡
ȥǰ취Ҫѿǣ뿪ħȻ󡭡뿪
ĪüΪĿ⣬˿ΧȻ·ΪҴﵽڵľ磬Ҳ˵زӷ絽ɽ磬УΪΪֶ쳤ϣһһµĿʼ
ȻĪ߶ʧˣƷǳ䣬ŵ֡
߾Զ޷ƿԼˣ
ĪرֻֻۣٴΰһԪӡԪȻԪꡭ
Ԫ룡
ĪرۣͷܿȼһԪ棬һǿķӡһȼԪѻһһͬشĪȥƺѽһԪ뵤ħһͬתƵ˷ϡ
ȻĪƺһߣĿ񣬼Ϊƣվһħӡ״ͨħɳ
֪ҶʦΪ׶༪١ˣȻͬţûжٽʣʧˣʱܸţһ״䣬Ҳ޷жΣʱȫİ취
ĪħΧƺѾ͸֧УĪϣһĨ֮ǰһı顣
ΪȻЦˡ


1180 ĵ
ħ֮УĪСУһЩϵħΣա
֨֨֨֨
ͻȻһħ֮УĳӣЩӿԵͿշУ֪ʲôֻвȭͷСרʣǼӲʯһЩʬ塣
ʲôͳһƬյķ泡
ˣ
ĪСЩħɳ棬Ȼͣ£ǰɳ磬ϵͷ
һɲǣɳƺӵʶȻһƬ͸Īħһʱ䣬ɳ泯ӿ
𣡣
Īûб·ɳסһ磬һɹɽһֻֻɳ棬ȫĪ
ԭôһϹ֮ҲʲôǿµģЩ⣬ʧɳ棬Ī¶ľЦݣͫһֱûиı䣬ҵġ
ۣӿˮһĿ⣬Īͷųһ㽣·ɱŭɱһֻֻɳ档
ˣ
ͻأ䣬ĪҪɱɳʱ֮ǰЩķɳ棬ȻʼԶһ𣬶Īַɳ澹ȻûʲôѪ⣬ȴһɺϢ·ûʲô
ɳ治壿ʲô⣿ĪʶɳĿ£Ǿɱ
ĪһΧɳԵʣЪ˹ĺɶҪʩչ֮ҪĻҵԪʧȥһܶߣֻˣ
ɳ̫࣬γһƬ磬ɱһգϾͻᱻɳԵͷʣֻѡԪһ취
ĪشЦݣֳİϢ񡭡ȻҴ˴ĴۣԪ񣬻һڽʣԪҪһ롭Ϊʲôʮ꣬һˣһɽ磬ȴΪ
Ԫް󷨣
ڣĪѡ
ôִе˫Ԫߣ
Ī֮һɳ֮д
Ī˲ɳ룬ƺҪѷɳߣ֮ǰĪһûκϢޱȵԪ˲Ҫƿնȥ
߲ˣ
ķɳ棬˲䣬Ȼڷɳĺ֮Уֳڰı棬ÿһɳУһĳˡ
һֻɳ棬һ𳤷ˣķɳ棬ĳˡ
ԭЩɳ棬ȻԪ־ơûġƿնȥĪȻͣòͣΪٶȣ첻һˡ
Ī𺳿ÿһ𳤷ˣգȴܿһһͨ޵еĴܣܿ˫ԪߣôԪ֮ҲǾǰ԰̸˫ԪߣϣҵԪͬǰݺᣬ
һ˺ȻΪĴЦ˼̫˼ˣϷ򣬾֪ϷԪʳȻˣ
ĪĵӶʼŤǰֻϣңҲȥˣҿ֪ǰԸҪ
˫ԪߡǺǣ̫ˣһˣֻһԣȻֻӵһԪ˶ǰѵڶԪڷ֮У㣬һԣӵ˫Ԫ˫ԪĵڶԪôķͻӵĸԪǸеĻ깲壬Ȼ㲻ʣΪԭ˫ԪҲӵгΪǿߵʣô꣬ϷҲûֻһλѣżȻһͷ̫ޣӵ˫Ԫ񣡡
лǰ
Ī򳤷˹£лʦ𣡡
ˣΪ˫ԪߣĵģͲ̣һĶ㣬ɣ㵮ô־ռ棬㵮ħ־Ȼħ˺ѼԦгɾͣǳɹˣԻᳬԽ
롢һԪʱʵѾǰ㣬һֱվ㣬ǰ棬ҲزȥԪ㣬㣬ԼǰеĵģҲѾ飬ڵ㣬ΪΣգᵮڶԪٴβһΣ㽫ԶʧԼڿʼ͵һΣ¿ʼˣϷˣҲԼѡ񣡡
˵ǣ˵񣬽Զ档
˵ĳδһ£ҲΪ䡣
ԸԶ׷ǰȥΪǿߣҪʦ裡Īһֱţͫһֱûɫ
ڵ㣬̫ˣ̫ˣһӳ̫ܲǰеҲ֮Ե֣ϷҲʿȴΪʦ־ΪʦѰѰ֮ΪʦŻ㣬ΪʦҲһԪһع飬ΪʦܻΪʦֻܸԪָһǿԪ
ӣΨǴӣ
ðɣ˫ԪӣҲΪʦӣʦݣ֪ʦǺεȵĴڣԪ壡
ಡ
ɲǼ䣬΢΢ػ֣ķɳۣΪһԪϵľˣ˲ĪڣĪʹࡢس鶯ţƾǿĹԪռԪ
ԭĪ
ԼȥһĪͻȻۣۣȻĿ⣬ͷųϵϢƺǳˣۡ
Ī΢صʦ𣬵Īӷ˿ʼһʮ꣬Ϊ
ֶ죿ɵ֮УһŮΪ𣬻⻿г衢Ů裬Уһ˼ɫ˰ɣ
ʦֶȷӴı䣬ǡһ룬ֶۣΪг裬λڿΪҪȥһŮˣ
ŮʶϵǿһһΪŮӣΪ״ӣҲûпݣ֪Ϊ˵ֶҲδʲô
ʵǵӸУֻмΣֶΪӽ鷳ϵõֶҲŽۣ
ӵ˫Ԫصֶ۾Ȼ׾ûпҲôŮӣʦǰҲһֻĺѣˣʱ䲻࣬ʦȴµѾ٣ʦһָԳϦ֮䣬Ϊڣ
ڣϦ֮䣿
޷ʦǿ߰ɣʦͽҪԪɵĵĴڡ
ڳʱĪٴЦݣ·ʵһͲˣ

ңԶֶ죡
ֽ磡

ξһŵ֮У֮ʣͻȻһϵŮֽ޾֮д
ʦ𣡣ξۣĿա
ֶ۵𣺡ղΪʦ֮УͻȻоһʧһҲʧˡʩԭĪʦܣıңʧȥӦúˣʿһʧȥȻеֶĪ֮䣬ǷȻڣǳʧңʧ޷ԤǴſʼǴĪʼ
ʦ𡭡ĪʦܾȻţ
ξ𾪵öʱվͫ޷š


1181 ת鶦
˵ĵĲᣬ׸ıң徻ű˵ʲôǱĬıԼĿַӦһϵеĸı䣬Ǻܸӵ壬ЩԶ񻰴ܣΪܳɾࣿǾڷУڴຣ֮УʼռһӳǷݼ֣߳ѣ
ֶ۵ֳſµζ·֪Īıѣûжٵľȡ
ûȥƿһУˮΣ޳
Ҳֶ۵С
ξھΣǰӣ֮Ϣ޽֮½ӱ߲飬ȥһԻԵĪʦȥִСû뵽һ񣬾Ȼʧȥλ׿Խʦܣ
֮ȻǼΪңԶĴ˵ʵڵģĲûʲôԣǵõΪʦ˵ŵӵɣ
ͽǵã
Ϊʦ㣬עĪҪ
ΪΣ
Ϊʦûаѻ˵ȫҲǵʦģͽܵһΣû뵽ı仯ĪǴ˵е˫Ԫߣ۵ʱΪʦѿڲͬһֱϣôɾͣᳬԽΪʦѡ·ԽԽԶ
ξһȻھΣȴһݺ棺ʦʲô˫Ԫߣ
ֶ۵һԣӵԪˣεģΪʦҲ֪Ϊ˫ԪԻģңĨɱŵϵѲʦܣ
ͻȻξͫһ裺ãĪһѰҴ֮У⣬ʦҶʦܽۻͽҶʦȥĪô֮ҲһУĪţҶʦ񲻻Ҳ
Ҷȣ㵹õģ˷ͬѰҽۣȻʵﵽһµĸ߶ȣҲڵѾڣһĸ֣ҶΪʦģΨһһڳ֮£ӵѪˣȻžܣ޷ԦĳɳݸãÿˣȾĪ£úһΪʦΪʦΪ˵仰˫ԪߣĪıԣԸһ·
Ըһ·
˵仰ֶҲδ
Īʦܣû뵽ᱳţٿһֻ飬»Ҫߴҵĺáξһɫ£ݵգ

޽֮أ½ϹħżС
ħͨħڡ
ʮˡûûˣѾͨħ֮УаǿУͳͳħͯѹ
ͬţʩҶȣڲ˼֮Īʦ֣޷õģֶֻܿ飬ټȥָʲôⷢȻдǧͼΪǽһãϾ죬ˣһ˿ҵʣǾ鷳ˣ
Σ֮УҶ˼𽥳ܶ飬аղȥħż̫أСĺܣΰ
ţ
ҪƽħӡȻ뿪ħż֮ʱͻȻԪħԪӭһħӡȻҶˣɳͨħ
ৣ
Ҷȸոշɳʹ򣬷һͬʬĿˣҶȴʱֹ֪һˣΪħʹʮ֮ࡣ
ЩܣȥתɣͨħҪرգȥأ
Ϥħ߿ս٣ǿҶȵħͯӣߣͯӣҲһħĴڡ
ͬʱʩչӡ·ħʹ֮һҶȣʱε̾̾˵ƻϲϱ仯Ҫߣħ㽵ٶҶѾʧȥ뿪ᣬֻʩ뼸ʮħʹͨħķ
ҶȰзΧЩħʹڵڶУֻ𣬶Ķڡ
Щ˶Ϊ֮Ϊ˿ܡ
ħ󣬼صģڶԷ֣ҽ̫̫࣬Եʾħ˵ǿ
ӹȥڷһ޴ħʱգգҶȾͼͨħ磬Ƭħʱա
ͨħͨһ޴ĹŶңһԵĹϴ󶦣ʮ־޴ϿգȻƯǧˣڵڶС
ƯϿգһصţԶ޷ɳ֮С
ôôǿߣȻˣѹڴ֮УǴ󶦡ƺתͷŵı̬࣬Īǣ󶦣ת˵ı𣿹ֲתħǿĿһУ
ͨħһе࣬Ҷȳ˾̾𺳣Ը޷ݣʱĸ顣
Լнǧˣǿߣͳͳ֮УҶȼģʥɽԪ꣬ȵǿߣʮھͷ
еǿߣϹͥĴڣеģ֪ʲô·ˣԷ칬ˡ
Ǵ󶦡
Ҷȿʼǣܿô˵Ĵ󶦣ԸӣһϵħţȻתϢĪת󶦵
ϧԪͨӡҶȿԵõܣһΧħʱս磬ϣһĳ̶ȣ˵Щ뿪󶦣Ҳ벻Զħǿ߲õĽ硣
ûĪʦֵϢĪʦֵǺ֪֮ǰ֪Σգ޷õ֮뿪
Ҷڴ֮УѰ飬δĪӰӣҡ
ȻûĪӿԷĵʩչͨ
ڿħʹڰƯãڼκξٶ
϶ҶҲħʱտУħϿգ𺳵ͨħǿĹϴ󶦣󣬾תħΪʮħ飬Ǿۼ롣
봦ƺһĹӡԴԼһħɭɭĹ餣ƯС
Ȼħ˵ħˣѾ䣬ʶӡǹ֮Сȵôͨǹϴ󶦣̺תƳʲôõħ
ƺһӣһ࣬ҶȿɭɭĹ餣תǴڣֲתõħûпܵ¡
ħͷôɽ磬ֶһ޵оͷ
ЩϹǿߣ֮ǰ뵽˸ǰΪӪħ֪ķѶٵľҶһֱ֮Уþ޷԰Ρ
ţģǾҪ߶ħǰķת鶦
Ȼħͯ뼸ͯӷɹƯϿգӸ˵ת鶦ӵ޷תϹ֮еıԴΪĴڣǴ߶úϰںϣ
˵֮ħͯԱ߼ħ飬ͬʱͷųһħ⣬ӿÿһħʹڡ
ת鶦
ʱ˿̣ҶˣȫӡණԭɽıԴ̫ˣۡõǧͼʱҾʹʲôʱǱ칬նɱ뾸Ѫ׹ϵǿߣȻ󸴻ٻҪԪȼմֻһ˿˿Ѫ飬̫ѣһڶѣֲڣܵõת鶦аգٻ𣿡


1182 šħ
ת鶦ʱҶиһþö޷ģǾǸͽٻŮˡ
ٻ֮ʼҶһĽᣬĽᣬҲҶȳԽˣԸħΪĹؼ֮һ
۴֮ʱҶȵõ׹ףӵ޷˵ķ𣬷˴ʱҶԺٻͷԽԽǿңӵ֮ԡ
ת鶦ٻ嶤¡
ǰ飬ڶȥˡ
ħͯӣȻת鶦ĿƷţЩħʹ֮Уֱ֪ҵ»Ҫת鶦ֱ͸ң
ħͯӴڵķ
ʱһߴת鶦ӰǰһַţҶ룬ţͳͳȥħʹڣҲħͯӣѿת鶦ķţһݷݣֱ벻ͬڡ
Ҫ߶󶦣ξǲת鶦ķţƿء
ת飬ǿ󣬳Խһڣٺ٣ת鶦ҵˣתԺóΪ𣡡
һ;ͰǰҶҪ£취γԵĸ࣬һҲ˷ѣҶУת鶦Ǳص֮
ҪϢת飬Ҫ֪Ϣֲ·ӡײӡǣ
Ҷħʹͬһʱ俪ʼʩչת鶦ķţҶȰʩչײӡǣںķ֮С
һж֪

Լ֮һħʹ˷ʼַһϷӡת鶦ɲǣƯת鶦ϿյǧˣʼϡﻩعǺǵȻת鶦ա
࡫࡫
žʹת鶦ڣðݵ·ڴ֮ڣʲôҺ壬Ҷȵ˴߶ʼڣ˵
ôǣħżˣȻħô飬ΪЧô˵ʥɽӡȵǿߣЩĸǾ֣ܿЩ۷ְװȥʱܾȶ٣;ȶ٣ֶ˵޽ֶ֮˺ܶϵ
һˣϵҶҲɵһļ£ЩˣһɺǿҶܰЩһ־־ȳ޽֮أиֶǴ¡
ߣħżħаΪֶӣҲӦվ
壬γɣ
գ۾굯ָ
˹Ϊ׵תˣһ飬ת鶦ϷûЩˣǿ·ƺĶġ
壿ôΪ壬壬ħżħ֮
·Χ֮УҶƳЩ飬ٻһ˿ԪںϽײӡѾܸоײӡת鶦תȻԪҶȾͼǴ֮ڣһƬڵݡ
֮ڣһƬ̺ŨϢҺ
ʲôҺӵϢֻʣһѪһҺ֮У죬ͻ᳤һµҶȿɫҺ¶ǿҵռ
ЩֱΪ׼ֳɱ
תʥˮռԪҺɣµضħתΧ˵
ˣԴ߶⣬ٵһʱ䣬ȴո
תתħ飬Ȼ󻺻ת鶦ϿգֻǰǾ޴ħӡ֮УҲɳħ飬һͬʩչͬķӡħЩûѪ飬ƺԭһĹء
־Ҫѣ˵ʲô
ΪħʹҶȣȻ޷ȴͨת鶦һЩӦ뿴Χ顣

֮ͻȻ߸߻Ӷ˫ۣ·ʲôֻ¡һ·ʲôƾõĶͻȻһ
ħħڣ棡
ǰ£ʼħӡУֵһɾ޴Ӱ¹ߺ
ħڣ
ת鶦Ƶ֮Уһǿޱ𾪵
ħȻħϸԪϹͥһϹħ磬ħ֮ż¼ţϹħһħ֮һ
һھͷ̾
ϹżԪѾϹͥΪΡħͲܸϹͥʲôħҪԪħ磬
·ħӡеߣüһһǿǺӰڻһˡ
ħڣȷϸԪУһڵħԭħżˣȻһħħֲǿֶΣȵĸһϹͥѵҪһϹħ
ԶŹ˵۲ŴԣҶȾ
֪ԪʧµļԪ٣Щǿߣ׼ɹԪĸֶΣħȻеһľֶΣѾ㹻գԪת
ħǳţ
бʧȥһϢˣھʱͻȻһھͷȴʮ侲ĿħӰɻʵ
ħӡеľ޴ӰޱۺҾǳţ֪ҵ֡ŶԭϣϹŵͥϢϹͥ߹ɣ
ħ֮ţͥĴһħͷλѣϹͥԻħͷǿߣһˣϹͥǿߡ
ʱΪеľǣҶץסݡ
磬Ϲͥһ֪֮ħĴڡǲ֪ħΪ˴֮
·Ҷһֱ𾪣Խоδ̺֮ܣħͥǿҲˡ
ħЦֻϣڣʲôԲڱǰһֻϣ㣬ǲϹͥϲģѰұħǲˣ
ϹͥǿߣţˣϹͥͥעϹħһѹҲӲѹٴˣ
ͥĪͥͥͥѵϲţͻȻħôţһŭ
ͥǸʱڵͥͥȻӡЩħͷ
˵꣬תУˣλѣ뵣ģϹͥǲλħͷ޼ɵģ
Ϲͥ
Ϲŵħϴڷӡ֮أǬߵһħͷһħϵħͷɵ磬ڰзӿˡټͥɽĴڸˮ棡
ҶظоһƬƣҪɽǿգɽᱻգӭһ޷ԤϵĶ
Ϊڳͷ֮Ϊ仯ĵߣԭҴˣĵߣϹͥħЩ
뿪ħżҲ޽֮ȥøϿȥն磬ΪֶһЩף齨޿ܴٻȵȵ¼￪ʼӳΪۿʼҶҪɽĴ̨
Ҷȷ·δᷢʲôһȲɫ


1183 ϹŸϮ
Ϲͥʲôƨһ
ڲˣΪϹͥǿߣһɿԣϣʱ
ħӡڵľˣͻȻһȣħڲһ˶ЦˣϹǿߣҲɫ
ļԪϹżԪϹͥӲдñ֣ȻҲḲֻСϡħɱ
ЦħҲǴϹŴ־ЦϹͥҲڳЦԼ
ҶȼӿںϽײӡٶȣͬʱͷһֵʣͷ򣬼ǿ̣ҡԪƣײӡǣʼ˶ӽת鶦Ĳӡǣ𽥴Ӵӿӿʮħʹ
Ҫõת鶦Ʒţ֮ת鶦һҪõģκδۣҲҪõ
Ϊͽٻ
ħͻȻһХڽٴ߶ת鶦壬ֻҪͥʲô
ǣ
תڣе飬һһվ
ಣǷת鶦Ͽգ·ʼתΪ죬ͷųһӡת鶦֮ʼϱһڴתʥˮвϵϸ
ƺҪ뿪󶦣
ʱΣҲҪõת鶦ʵû취ͱ䣬ת鶦УҲѾԿһת鶦ռ䣬Сһ
һʹþ䣬ħǿ£¶ʱ޷Ԥϻᷢʲô
߶ת鶦ҶѾоոħʹϵķӡٶȱˣա

Ȼ֮䣬ڡڵˣˣҲ޷תʥˮ֮Уʥˮںϣںϵӿ壬ڵˣΪۺǿȻģһʱỹݽߣǡ
ȥһ磬Ҫգοˣ
䣬Ϊת鶦֣ٵˣûǿΪ˻ӵʲô鶼ó
ϧֻᣬҲûˡ
ּͥ
ڡ䣬ǧˣһ룬Ƕôֲٶȡ
ͻȻϹͥˣ·УʲôĿռ䣬ͻȻҧԼ
ѪȾ½
ͻͻͻ
һصĽӡҧڲӿһͷĹâּּҪϱը
Ϲŷּ⣡
ħӡڣħƺ֪ϹŷּͻȻӰڲһֻħ֣ץּҪǱըķּѹ
¡
ϹŷּʱͬըƵģڸ߿ձըը֮ȻĲǻ𣬵һ־ȴֹرȥ
ɶ񣡡
ħŭһХֱɨϹͥ˵ͷ­ͷ­˲ƼһֲħһС
ħȻҲڣһУնɱͬΪڵľͷϹħǿ
ǶȥЩˣȡʱ䣬ϹͥħһǺö
ħ֣ҶȾ֪ת鶦ڵ壬ɣûڳǣħһɹ͸ˡ
һɽɶһħͷ
λѣϹʹߣõģΧħھ󣬾ǳ
ͻȻһ˶𾪵ħ֮⴩͸
ҶһʱЦ˻ϹͥȻˣǵըķּȫħλã͸¶Ϲǿҵɣ
оˣ
ʣٻŵˣ׷¶ˮҲ⣬ǿ߸޷Ǻòײ̤ڣ˭Ը䣿
Ϲͥ
ħɫøӵͳ
¡¡¡¡
ǴϢᣬħΧʼҵı𶯣һɹɴըħ֮𣬲֪жϹͥǿߣ湥ħҪħаħͷ
̧ͷһ춼ƺҪˣֱըƣգǣħ֮⡣
ħȻţڲ𶯣ûжٵĸı䣬Ϲħ֮ħõķȻǿ
ħӡڣħŭħͳͳٻرۣġħڤߡҪȺϹͥڹˣһҲˣ
ǣ
ת鶦ħ飬˷ȥ
תˣȻƸӣǵһλˣħ
ǣԵȣ
תħͯӼħ飬ΨǴӣͳͳٽӡһһϴϷת鿴ʣٸ֣ػӶ˫֣ЩˣҾʱǷӡҵıڣǿħ֣
ˣ
ת鵱棬ʼʩչӡɲǼ䣬һסһˣ𽥵ת鶦ڡ
ǿڷȻ޼£ȫתĶ֣˭ת鶦һʹţת飬ӵгԽκɽ編Ҳӽһ
ħת鶦ڣҲԶ
һǿߣ«һת鶦գ޷֡
壡
תͻȻͷһƣת鶦֮ڣɳһͷħȥס壬𽥵طħӡ
ܺãھҳֶȡת鶦зʱ򣡣ħ뿪ҶЩħʹľͷƯת鶦ΧһҶԪ֮ʼȫͨײӡǣÿڵӡǡ
ҶȾͳɹ룬һĴ߶ת鶦ķţسҶǰ̿ʼںÿһַ

תżħ飬壬ħӡϿգһһ£ȴħ
µĴЩආ𣿵ȱǵĩգ
ħӡ𽥵ӿȻһ·ʲôһ̵գһħɭɭĹ餣һħ̨֮ϣתħ̴飬壬һ餡

һ޴ĺӰӹ֮зɳγһʮɾ޴Ӱûо̰ðħ棬壺Ҫˣ
ħ󣡡
תվ
ٶȿЩħЩȲˡ
ৣ
תħ飬Χ壬ʼʩչһطӡһħ𽥵ذΧ塣
ʱ䲻ˣħںһ̣ӦõĻᣬʱӪи֣ȡת鶦ʱ򣡡
ҶȿƲȫת鶦ķͬʱħҪΣʱԽԽȡ
ʦ𣡿Զ𣿡
ͻȻħ֮ڣһħ޷Ӧ޿УһĮ
ڻǻᣬħԪںһ̣Ϊʦٶ֣㵽ʱΪʦȥˣȻȥȡת鶦Ǵ󶦣ΪʦΪΪڸ֣
һɣ
־䶼ǵãʦģ
صȻһֱħƿصħ֮УħδǺεȵֶΡ


1184 ĸ
ħҪǸˡҵĴͲˣ
ҶȼͿת鶦ķϧŷӡһɹôƿصġ
ɵȴӲƿء
䣡
ʱħ֮⣬ϹֵͥĹȻϵؽţȻħʼ̲ƣѾɢɼħżԪĵ䣬Ѿǰ
ƶһ
ת鶦ڵˣħ֮Ϲ֣ͥڲħҶȣԼڰǿߡ
ɣλ
ת飬뼸ħ飬ͬʱת뿪һȴʮħ֮УȻӭħ١
ৣ
Χӽʮħ飬ǾȻʮľڡƳ˯ѵĹˣӹϣͷŨҵħ
˹λ
飬˲Χħ󣬼ЩֻħûĹˣ˲γһˮ©ķ

ħٴ¶ЦݣӹϿշԾ𣬻ħ֮ϣħھɼ塣
ͷǿƺٻħ
ħħҪٴһͳħ£Ϲͥڽ£
ħڴһԣΪһźӰӿħ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ͬһħУ˲Ͳˣһ壬𽥳һЩ棬Ѫħ֮ӿƺ׼˾Ѫ

建۾
ħҪˣ
ҶҲӡʼͷ׷ţͷԼϢͷԪںת鶦֮ڣħںϣҶѾħڲ֮ݺɽĳ
ɱ¾Ϣ֪жţ
ĸо治ɡ֮ͻȻɹʮƣħ޷Ӥɡ
¡
ǹϵĹ餣ͻȻըзɳһħӡڷӡ棬һʵ͸ˮĹϹʵ
֮
ǵĴ֮
ҶĶˣħǿ󣬸Ѿ޷Լ۾Ǽ֮˵УϹͥӾԶӽʱǿߣĴ֮
ʱ·׹Ĵڣ񻰴˵Ĵڡ
𣬾ǻԪǬҲûԶ֮ԭħϸԪ͵õ˴֪֮ʲôԭ򣬾ȻԪںϣһںϣ
˼һתԺƺһˡ
ħѾǿ޷ҲϹͥɽ߾ͷͥͥʵĴڣټϴ֮Դ̾ͻָһĸǿ
֮Ϣ
ħҪɴ֮ˣ֮Ȼϣ
ħ֮⣬ͻȻһϵ
ϹͥǿߣǾȻ֮ܵϢ
ĪǡϹͥƺţħӵд֮Ϣǲɳǿ߽ħ󣬻ȡ鱨Ϲͥ·񣬿²˵ġһУõ֮ģ
һգ۹ҶȰǰһ̾뵽֮󻹻ᷢӿֲı仯ǾǱħӿµϹͥ
Ҫ֪ޱǿ壬ǻϹͥС
֮һƺϹͥƿţħżˣ¶ҪΪѳƷ
֮ϹżԪõ㣬֪ٽ뵽㣬ԪΪİΪ󣡡
ħץס֮ͻȻЪ˹Ц𽥵أѴ֮¡
ͣ
Ȼ벻ı仯ˡ
ԭںϣľ仯û뵽ħһ̣һɺȻķӡ֮ͬ֩һ㣬סħ

飬ʱȥ
־
ħûϱӡƺӴ֮ķӡһӷӡֻǸպÿѡ
Ų˼ɫ̾־ѵǴ־ϵǿߣ𣿣
ô¡
ԶҶȣԼ۾޷Ԥϵı仯һһۿħҪַ֪˱ʡ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϵ־ħ
찡Ǵ־Ҷȶʱ𾪵ԸӣоΧҲԴڣħģԴ˵еĴһµǿߡ
ħһħһħ飺ٹӡ
ǣˣ
תԼħͯӣͳͳسȥͷų
Ѿˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ӱɳ
һߣѾûһһأžյŮӣҲȻûûи֪ľطħڵħ
𣡣
һħ飬ҡһ䣬Ϊһ죬͸ŹϰԵħֱӳŷŮһɨ
¡
Ů֪ûκεķں칥£ʱըһƬѪڿն
ҶȼеĹ䣬ƬѪֿΧŮֻʬ⡭ǣ־
ã
ħڣħŮնɱΪǴ𣬻Ǵ־𣬸˵ɭɭЦ
ಡ
ͻȻѪ֮Уٵطɳŷӡ棬ȻŴ֮ͷŨҵĹϢ
ʲôŴ֮
ħŷӡڵĹʵû˿ĸˣѵѵ㲢δ䣬ֻǰֳ֣ӡڴ֮ڣ
㻹㱿ȷˣŴ֮֮ǰֲһԶҵѪҺ֣ȻֱȥųŹʵеŴ֮֮У
޴ڡ
ø㾹ȻֶΣǲŴ֮ں֮룡
ħƺ뵽ʲôµ£źΧħ飬һʱ䣬ħŴֻ֮ص
ǿǿ֣һɽһɽߣħ㾡վֱӶȡʤʵ
仯ҶһУ¿ɲħһ𣬱ħǿ֪ٴڵĹϾͷҪˡ
һĻҶ֪ʱʣ̼࣬ӿʩչӡ
ʲô
΢΢˵
ˡ
ӰŴ֮ͻȻһɹϵ⣬ɽ֮ƣɨһħĹȻħ鹥ǿѹôǿ
Ŵ֮ͲκιӰ죬ƺ뱻ħɵĴ֮˲ʹһ㹥ħħ󣬶˲䴩ԽŴ֮ħʱԶӿ

ħ󺰳һš
廹ħл㾭Ϊ׼ĸʽ㳤߰ɣͳͳתΪ֮
Ĵħ֮ڣħڴ
𸴻ˣ࣬һ̣Ҹͷǿߣȡˣ
û뵽ħż֮ã̺޳ı仯Ҷţ׼߶Ԫ󣬴߶̫һƽӡ


1185 ҶȣĪ
Ӫ
Ŵ֮ͻȻǿߣ־ͨ죬˲ռħ֮ڣͬʱħѹ·
ħ֮⣬ʮħ鼸ֳħħ졢ħħ塢ħ׷׵ͷŷ֮ΪһɹԽڵĹħ֮ڣǻڲġ塱
ңң
һ壬ħ֮
Щ뱾𿹺⣿ǾǼʶʶҴĲ෨ӡӡ
ţħγԱȣ·ٷ£֮Ȼ
ˣ
գۼ䣬ʮͬħҪʱһ꣬һħ߳
һӡĳֶۣ·һȴ֮ƿϢ
ӡ
ո߳һϿգһħͷŵġһһɾ޴ӡ£źȻֶ
ӡƺһЩģһЩϵ֣֮УֳϢ֪˶ãͬͨķǱ壬ǰǻеģֻ޾Եƿء
ͻͻͻ
ӡ¶ʱħΧγɲϵĶԿɱУһʱħϹ֮ϵ档
ǿʩչķ˵Իκͨھͷ־ͷ˭棿
Զת鶦£ҶѾ󲿷ӡ׼ͻȻת鶦Ȼ뿪ħ硣
ħ꣬ɾ
ΧħͻȻһȣΧħȻԶӿ룬ԽԽ
ͻȻǲħڣƾٲ׳֮ħ㲻ǶɹٵھͷǶɹ٣İڱǰûʸа壬ڵĲ࣬Ӧúɣɹٵİ񣬲۷ڣһ̤һ磬ɣԽڱɣҲħԡħ뱾𿹺⣬ʵ޴
𣬱ϣȱǿڵļԪǰϣһɹ٣ͬǰǿߣҲĶ֣ǿʵԺԪǶǹȥߣϹǿߣվҪܵųģֻк
ħħ˼̫֮ˣڱͳ־ʧɣ죬ΨдͬڣǴĻ򻯹һ
Զ㡭
ħ֮УһֱڣͷĶԻڽһ޾Ԫâһħ
ȻһС
Ҷۣڵս𵤡½𵤣ϷӡԪڿʼ߶֮Ѫ̫һߵڿʼѡ
ת鶦
һӰһµ꣬ħڣϹϢħϢ˲䣬ħս
Ϣ
ҪͷƽʱҶͻȻϢ𾪣̧ͷһʱͫһΪǰ꣬һֱڵĵͬţ״ӣĪ
ҶȲδüһ֣ԱĶԻ龻ֵãߵĸ֪Īڵ֮Ѿʣ޼һΪ˹ϵɵ֮ʮִ
뾳磬һӾʹﵽڣ֮ǰˣı仯ֹڴˣҶȷͫҲûиӵͫ⣬ֻһֹϵĿ⡣
Щܡ
˿̣Ϲħħ飬ĵӡ鶷ûעת鶦һı仯ת飬ӡ֡
Īת鶦·ƺͷʲôֱ·ڿܵϿգֱһۣˡҶȡϡ
˲䣬ĪϣģûͬŵĹ뼱ȣĮЦҶȰʼΪˣϧһΪ˿ܣ˿ƣ˫ԪߣֻһԪԪӳأ˶㣬ڣʲô֣ԪĨɱΪܣʶķϣʶķϣ·
𣡡
˵꣬һֻ֮ĪʳָҶȡ
Īʦ֣
ͻȻΪܣҪҶȣ¡һӡħ˲仯ΪƬȼҶȹԭʧĪգۼ䣬Īͬȵĸ߶Ȱա
ǰǷУӦһʦ֣
һʦ֡
Īͫһһ˿뾪ȣ´ҶȣҲûκʺֻĮЦһҶʦܣҶȣû뵽㻹ͨ˿ƣܳΪ״ӣǲ֮ˣ
Īʦ֣˺£ҶȻоĪˣ֪࣬ʵ
óΪʦ֣
֪Īֹ֣ͣҶȣѲֶĵӣڵʦǳԽֶĴڡ𣡡
ʲô
ԺУͬʱը캧ˣҶ͵ͫһʵ𡭡ʦ𣬲Īʦ֣ţͬţ塭
壿ø롭
Ī̾Ϣ˼ģ췴ʣ壿ã˵˵ҵζ壿
ʦֶ֣ȷһ޴ţܷչ˵ÿһӣʵҶһУԼڵһУԼңһ·ȥܳɾδֶʲôǵ·;֮ϣϢ֮أֵĵطͣůֶۣ֮ģԶԶֹڴˣ
˵ûֶ죬ҲͳΪһɢޣͳΪ˹»Ұ˰ɣûֶҾ޷Ϊۣ޷Ϊ״ӣ˵ҪһӣÿһѪȥرֶ죿
ֻҪϵֶ죬뿪ֶ죬Զֶĵӣֶǻر𣿡
ûлرһ񣬶ľţֶУҼǵãһҵõһġ֮Ԫ˫Ԫߣ̫ˣϧšһΣУõҿԵõһƫƫȫţ
ǵģҲɲ񣬵Ǵδõصʹ͡
ͬɣҵ֣ҵ⣬ԭҿԳΪֶ죬صĵӣҿԳΪڵģǡʲôز֣ջһߣһԼϣ޷յߣԹ֪ĸоѡԾʱ֪Ҫ𣿡
֪Ҷش֡
Ī¶һ԰׵ĺЦ֪㲻֪֪͸ڵѡһֶӣһǸ״ӣôվǰģʬ壬ˣѡڵңӵޱǿ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷϡ֮ͫУǸӵɫ̧ͷĪֶǵ񣬶ҶԣҲڹǣեȡǵ棬ʦ֣İɣԹֶ죬ΪʲԳΪδĴžӦ㣬룬һδεվܴɵۣΪۣΪ״ҲܣңҲΪһδεĥһδεĶ죬ң


1186 ״
ĥʲôã
ҶȵһʱĪһ˦֣ظ
ãߵ죿뿪ֶ죿ΪʲôΪΪǳΪ۷ǿߣûʲôֻһУĿˣ
ÿһ֡ÿһ仰Ī˵öϳͣһᣬԳЦǵˣһδεپҶǿޱȼֶ죬Σҵǿ֣ͳͳûáҶȣҲ㳶ѾûбҪˣʶһжֶΣҷŹһ뿪ɣ֮ЩϹͥ־Ҫɱ֮ҵʦ𣬴ѾͨͨǵжǾȡ֮ģܵòõеҪ𣬶һлΪϹͥϹͥıֻߣԶǿߣ
߸ı䣬ǿ̡
Ī仰ҶȳĬˡ
󲻻䣬Ϫӣȴ᲻ͣظı䷽ȥѰڡ
ߣϪ
ǿߣ
Ȼʦڻһ˿֡
ҲǼҶȴӸӵĿ⣬Ȼüͷչ¶ϵĿ⣺Ǿʦһ仰һȥɣ
˴ʦܣɵʦܣĿ̫ǳŲŲϢ䣬ԶߣҿһУΨƣ
˵ĪͻȻָ˼ΪİɫȻ㲻Ը⣬ɣֶһУȥһУҵԪ飬ѾΪȥڵңѾʶģת鶦
ĺȻ֮䣬Īͳת鶦ָſڵͬˮɲǼͷŶ
תӡ
Ҷδ˫ȴٵһϣһ֡
ʲôˣʲôˣ
Զӡת飬ͬѰ
ˡ
ۿĪָɳһ೤ָ⣬Ҫ˲ץסת鶦ʱ̣ת鶦ͻȻһʹĪȻֹ
ͬʱת鶦Ͽգɳһˡ
ȹϵϣֶ뽹Ѱ֮·
ֶӣҶȣֶͬӣĪλֵȫа񷨱ɣ
һз̫ͻȻǿߣԵ޹ʣӳ죬ת鶦ǰǿӳġ
Ҷȵħ󴫿ʱеˣҶĪĪɲתؿҶȡ
ʦ֣һȥɣȻǿ޵УǲֶůҶȻ˵
ֶ֪ҵģů𣬴Ǻ䣿Ҷȣû뵽ܿת鶦Ҹ㣬ⶦҪˣĪŭȷʣȻһָ
ҶȲִֻչĶת鶦ʦ֣ת鶦Ѿҵ֮
ʲôЦŹһ㶯֣ǡһЦĪͷųϢΧħ𿪣Ҷӿȥ

ͻȻҶһץת鶦֮С
㣡Īš
ɹ⣡
ҶȲδ㣬ԭһһƬ۵ɹ⣬Īײײ֮⣬ɲǼ䣬ա
ֶɹ
Ϊǵֶӣ໥֣
УȥˣɣҪǴħһ˸Ǿ군ˣ
Ǵɹıը㣬նϣһʱĿۣǿߣڻڣһ˲䣬ʶǾֶľɹϵظ̾
ȻпʼѰӳȥİ취
ɹʧİ֮£һɹ⽣һһϷ۵ĪڰնԳ֡
·ħɭɭĺУΪҶĪγһƬĿռ䡣
û뵽һո̤ڵߣȻпڵʲôѩԶԶ֮һķâԭص֮ֲáŻң
ĵ£Ī˵ƣԵۣ֮ͫУǲ˼顣
ʦ֣㻹лᡭҶȲֻͣ뾡һ񣬴Īصֶ죬˫һ
ңҶֶ죬ôţֶۣδģֶߵøԶɽ綯У
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҷ֪ɽ֮󣬾ͷǬһָ۷ʵҶȾ֪󣬻ϹͥͥԼħڵа̵Ľиɲ칬
ۡǬѹܷ칬ѹ
Ī׷ǶݵģҶŲɣȻͬţȻУѾϿֶĴڣҶȾҪĪ
ȥزȥˣת鶦Ҳ㻹һ˿·Ī𽥵ػ֣ĵ£ʼ޾ĪУһһ߶೤ë
ѩסʥë
ת鶦ұõʦֶֻ죬Ҳ˼һУ˵̫Ҫıｻ֡
ҶѾòиٻͷʼӿת鶦ͲͷϺ޲Ҫٻ
Ҷ񣬾Ȼϰת鶦øĪɼѾǶò
ҪãЦû뵽ҳɾµһҪմϵѪȻԹˡҲ죬նϹȥӴˣҾĪǴĵӣֶ״ӣ
Ī΢΢һЦЦݣԭҲǰãеëţ֮𣡡
ҶȶʱƱ
𻯶
ĪұһתëͻȻҶһɨ
ݡݡ
޴һƬëУȻֱγɣȻҶѹȥ
ʦ֣ĵǾʣ㿴ɹʵҲ̺˰Եܣ
Ī׵ĹֶͨΣҶΪϹŵ̾ȻĪ棬߶ɹ
һΣɹĿ𣬻Ϊһѵķסë֮¡
䡫
շ·һ㣬ħ棬ϹֵͥĹһը춯أɹϹ⣬Ϊһص
ֶ״Īʵôһǧ꣬ǿ󡭡ǵϴó׳ǳأڣ
ħ·вٵѰҳ·
һòŮӣȴһֱҶĪŮӣʥɽӡ
ȻʶĪˣһҲʶĪĿŲҶȣֶ۸ոյ״ӡǰɽ罻ϣһԾΪ½ŵҶȣû뵽Ȼ˲˼ڣɹֶӣξ࣡
ֶ죬һš
ӡǼְɣ
Χһĸ֣ȫǾɽ糬һţԼʮˣʣµľķ֣ʮھͷڹħ
ɹϡ˲ͬ죬˵֮𣡣
һ
ĪƳըռ䣬ٴλӶëȫ£һʱ䣬ڰգһëͬëѩ


1187 ͥ
ħ֮УҶĪĶ𸴻ӡħħԿԼѰҳ·ˣһжͬʱеʱ
ħ֮⣬ħż֮У
һ޴ħ󣬴ڸħ֮УΧħ󣬾Ȼһ޷˲飬ħֳ
ʮڵǿߣһǹϻۼϹǶϹͥھͷ
ЩͷֲħΧպγһ󷨣ÿһʩϵ֮·ħ
ħʮھͷ£ȻȻܼ֣
ӿȡôָһʵδɹӵһǰƴ󣡣
һߣ׷Բԣվһ
ˣҶ뵱μɽ罻ţһ̤ͥǣһϵóλߣȻͥϹͥߡ
ӣ
ͨǿߣҲͨϹˣ֮ͥͥһϹͥλ֮ߣ
űһ£еĸ֣ʼħ
ħϸԪϹͥͷҲһͨˣѾǴڴ˵еħȥΪգħ󷨣Ҳ赲ͥĲ
ư׷Բԣз緶ɷǵıӣ˭뵽һ䣬˵ɱĻ
ӡ
ͻȻ䣬һԶ֪ħżĺδ֮Ȼ͸ħõĴ
ʹߣħƣ̫̣ˣħʧܣ֮㣬ڸ
һ֣Ӿ͹һȣһʹߣȻһͥͥһ˵ΨǴӡ
ħǿѾ಻󡭡Ǵ𡭡ȷ֮£ǿԶžͷҴ˴֮ǴߵĴߣˡʣߣ
ʹߵԶ
ʲôʣʣߣδʵĴڣ
һڵľͷȴһ𺳡ȣδʣɼǶôټ
֮ܶߣһʣߣĵʣϵشΪʣǵĿ꣬Ǵ֮ҲǴߵʣԲôָһȻҶ޷ѹ
ɪĮֵħҲǲľͷü̵һ޴ʯѪľƶɣʮּ̣һ󷨣ʹż֮ħҾż֮⣬żҲҪ֣
ǣУвٵߣӴɻ
Ƕϣ谭ϹͥĲҪǾ͵ΪϹͥ׳Լɣ
ʧˣ
һ֣ӡʮڸ֣׷׵ߡ
غãͥĸ֣żӿˣתȥ
ż֮⣬ãã½硣
һƬϿգվһꡣ
㣬·ķżһۣŷ粻ϵƯ죬γһƬӰ
Ϊħ֣ϸԪĸֽ֣սУû뵽𡭡ڸһаգѹϷּõĴʣǵָȫʢʱڵŻڲ֮䣡
ƽ˵޽֮ѹƣ·ûжٵѹƣĳӯȻ󻺻½һЩǷڸǵħż˫ֻһӡ·һ

ͻͻͻ
һĻӾ·ʲô͵ΰżеķʣȻ˲ؾߣͬɨɳǿյʯ
ؿʼ𵴣ʯһЩΪ֮Ѱڵˣֻһգ۹ͳͳŷʧʧδ¡
·ֻǵһͻĿ磬޺ۣ治ˣһɫħɵİż
żǰԲΣһźɫʯǶڴ֮ϡ
żħż̶̳ȣȶȹٵϾͷһڡԲԶԶ޷ȼ
֮Ĵڡ
˿ֲĴڣֻǽ꣬ͻȻżӸ£ĳһԵĽ
ԽʲôϢǴͨУɵ
Խֳӵء죬һЦκεҲλߵʮ֮һħκξͷҪڽ£ɣ
ͻȻɫ԰ףһŭüͷħż߸ߵһԾӳ֮еԽ
ݡ
Խδرķâֻͬͨգһ֣ںڰ޽֮أһ۵⡣
͡
Խħż֮ϣԽʱ죬ż֮С
¡¡
ͻȻż·Խʧȥâһ¼žţżʹ룬һը
Ȼ֮䣬żһΪϵ顢ըʯɣһһ飬ĸħħƿʼɶʧͬ޽֮أʧ
ãżˣǽ򻺻ط·
ʹߣô죿棬֣Ҳв٣ȻڳڣǸһвپɽһţ
ż·һӭӽꡣ
¿޷
ǲмһˡƣʧܲһγ֣һж˰ɣЩУȻм뷨һӳȥ϶ഫɽ磬Ϲͥ˵ʲô£Ȼȫ𡭡ƿһӣЩ˾ȳȻ󡭡ʣµľȥԸҲţò¸ոոʵ࿰ڶѣ
ǣϴڸ֣ƽħ󣡣ʩתȥ·ħ
𡭡ߣλ߶ʣһͨ
Ưţͫƺħ󣬶
ʲôˣ
ħ֮ڣ
Ѱҳ·ˣͻ𶯣ͷζ㣬ͻһж飬ҲΪƬ볾С
ɲǼ䣬ڸַΧƺڸڣһġ
һλǿߣǸˣ΢΢Ͽգղ䡭ʲôȻҸܵһɾ԰ԵĽиաϹżż棬ˣ
ҲܵˣҡŨҵϹϢϲӦ֮ǰλϹͥǿߣ֮ǰʲôٷϹǿ߸һλڣɫ԰׵˵
ϹͥͺãϣˣˣʼȸԾǼޱȡ
ǹɸӦ
ħ֮У֮С
˳
ţ徹Ȼ˫ۣħϢˣ¶ϵĹػ˫壬ȻЩӲ⡣
ħϿգϵУ΢΢һһɴԽƿħżħǶȹٵĴڣѾɵ磬ߵĴڣһвС


1188 1
ܣѾԽɵ򣬳ʱгԽ˵ɵ硭
ԪӼ̣չǲܴԪôˣѵбǸԪǿʿڣ
塱𣬻˵һǣԼʮ꣬嵮꣬ͷֻһ糤Ǻܿ죬Ȼ֮࣬ﵽ
ⳤĪڷɳ汳󣬼ĳˣһģһĳ
Ǵ
ԱǬҪңԶļԪһǴеĴߣɹ٣ΪĴڡ
Ĳֻһδ磬һѾ磬ܹ籾Դϴ񣬳Ϊ񣬰Ȼ֮µ磬ԽԶˡ
Ǵ
ΪԻָȥ֮һλǿߣһʱгħϢ׷׵ӿڡ
ҶȣҵĵǴܿȣ
һ߿ա
ëԽռ䣬׷Ҷһ͹ë˵ĺףҲ޴ڡ
ĪƯڰգʱӿУѰһ϶ʩչëϵͷŹѾ֮ǰˣǻصֶ죬ҲѾǾ֣Щھͷ֮⡣
ʱҶȲȥηܻᱻëסʱΪëУʱëڷϣֲıըըҶȵķʱʱѷ졣
ĪھƣҶȴ򣬴ڱ
Ƿ
ҶȲδʩչͨҲδʩչһֱô޽塢֮ɹȵɽĪԿӡڣǴǧͼҲδʹãڡ
֪һĵ
Ҷ伥ЦĪʱһŭͷȰĺȵһףǿߣԼĵףأǳࡢ飬õĹȣĴȥʿ¹ϢҲ˵ߵҲգʹãУǴ

̫˼Ҷһʱǧˡ
ʿһУ棬֮ͨͬڡ
ĪеĴԴĴУȻеķʽֱеϢΪԼãǺεȵֶͨΣ
ô
ȣ
ǲţ
Īƺÿ仰ƺ˵Լƺģֻһ˴ڡ
ӰոͫСҶȣҶȣ֪ҵʦ𣬲ֶܱȼģŮ֮ҵʦ𣬴ӵŷͬѰʿףʿ̺ġߡ䣬Խˡˡߡڵʣ
ʡߣ
ʣҶ䣬ӷߡͨߡѪߡֻߡߣԼĴߣȫҶǰһոµ硣
޷浮塢ࡢʶ壬δ֪磬жٵδ֪ڵȥ̽
֮ҶȻָƽ̧ͷֳëĪߣǲһʣףʿɣеνĴߣ򷨵ģСʩչ
Ľ˰ɣ˰ɣҪǿֹĿ棬ΪףΪһѡ𣬶뿪ֶ˰ɣҶȣʵҶһˣ
һˣ
ǵģһˣΪǶ֪Ҫʲôõʲôһͻһȥת鶦ҰɣΪҳΪڣԸ⣬ҿʦϴ裬һԴﵽڣڣڵһﵽڣûĶ֣㣬㡭Ҹ
ǵȷһˡҲ񶨣ЩͬһУȥﵽΪҪģΪҲͬҲһУһϧӵеһУµļįҶϧ
ͬΪı
ĪҪģһ῿ʵŬȥãһУһεòһڶΡȥȡĲͬı䣬ΪĿĲֶΣҲᣡҶ̬ȣزͬˡ
Ϊ֪ĪǸ״ӣֶ죬κͬŶе״ʦ֣Ӵˣһͬİ·Ϊ棬ʱֵԸֵ
ɵܴԼԼܺ񷣿̫ˣȻˣҾͲ֣ת鶦ҵģ
ĪͻȻӸ߿ճ£˫ֲϴһӡëΪë׳۵شӰճҶȸǶȥ
Ԫ
ѾԽҶĿǰʵĪԴԴϣȻǿУʿµҶȻʩչߣ֮Ѿµĸ߶ȡ
һ־Ŀռͨ
ٿ
ҶһδεޣĪĽ˳УȻһʱ䣬ҶʩչĹռͨĪԽꡣ
¡
ͻȻҷգħĽ֮⣬һͷϵľȻóǣݺݵһ˦ٶħһȻħһӡ
λͬ룬Ϲˣֲ˶ã
ǿУ

ɲǼ䣬춼˷ӵڻڣһȿֺ׷ҸϷɳħڣ˲Ϣ֮䣬˾ͷɳ˿ӣӳµħ
ߣ߲ˣ
ҶҲǿӳ֣Ȼûеõ֮ȴõת鶦תĴڣؼǸٻĹؼҶʩչԪǷħȥ
ϷĪͻȻ˫ֽӡë֮Уɳһغ֮⣬ɹâͬһϣֱҶȵǰҶ˸ոâԪҲ޷Խ˳
ĪϷҶȣ֮ʱһλ𣬺ɵ˵Խҵʦ𣡡
ת飬λ
Ҷϣһʱɫ԰ףߣһʱֺޱȣҶ˲ʩչһӡֻǵӡֵһӰٿȻʧΪһŤĹ⻷Ҷȵġ
Ѱһᣬʩչǧͼ뿪ٻת飬ҶҲ㲻ٺȥһһжữΪ档
ǵħ顢ˣɣҪǣ𣡡
ٿȻԴһɰƿʱħ֮С
ֻʣһδӳˣħʮ飬Ȼ˲䱻գͳͳܶˣҪ֪κڡ
˲䣬ͱһƿˣ
ÿֲŸոո˵ǿƿأˡ
ոһ̾Ҷ˾ȻͲˣһٶڵĸ߿ƿؿռ֮УһҶҲ𺳣һΪЩˣ־壬ΪǲҪǡ
ϲʦɹ
¡
Īħ֮⣬ħӭħɢȥħˡ


1189 2
һʮ꣬ȴһͷӵйϢף·Ϣ꣬һ߳
ÿһκεϢ
ͫһֱǰģֻһͷʱһصۣȥһոԶйԶߡ
Ǵ
߳ؿһħ󣬶ĪԾÿձˣƿԣһ˵еľͷļԪ֮С
ĽŲ˿ɵ
һ£Ī˵Ҳһ̾Ϣƺ޾£һҲδϣʲôһֱħϷͻȻ΢Цͬϼһ㺳κɣǿߣ
Ǵ𡭡νġǿߡħϷӦһ
ǿߣ
ҶΧˣΪħ֮ڣħǴ𣬺ֶһ𶼳ƺΪǿߵĴڡ
ĪҲһ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬ħϷһֻ֡
ֻ֣׵ħ֮ϣʱĳһڣžʧһ꣬磬ħ󣬳ÿ˵С
һۣȫͨߣûκšĴҿΪеˣŲ²ɻ𾪣ӽꡣ
ˡ˵ΪȻ˵ǿڣȻһɴޱȵԷӡôڣڴԣ
ȻҶǿߣǲı飬Уȴը˹
³˴ǽ꣬ûһˣӵҶȵĶǴ꣬һӵҶȶԵĸ֪ϤΪо䣬ĴС
κٸķӡزסҶȶԵĸ֪Ϊڲͬǿռ뷨ɣκηӡڵҶȶԸܵ
һߣҶҲѾôں꣬صڣȻҶȶòܴڵĴԡ
ȻϣȷǴ
꣬
µͬƽеĸ߶ħռ䣬΢΢ظ˫֣𣬿ʹ߸ո̤ż͸Ӧ˰ɣǴߣաӦȻռκεϢ
һֱһ򾲣û˿ϢϤҵĵ̡ԪѾûʲô֪ߵĴڣҺܺ棬֮ǰͷŵԺηѵԪˣɽﵽ˺ŵĵز
ѳΪȥļԪ˺ܴı仯಻ܶƣЩΪȥǿߣٶʼԪǵѡĪҲ֪Ԫʲô
ʲôûԤδֻǲڲ˶оԪ֮һо޴ĸı䡭Щû壬νϹͥǿ߰ɣ
ǵģϹͥˣѹħģû뵽㣡
ʲôΪħˣΪ֪ϹͥΪ˱Ĵ߶İɣ
ƭ˹ˡ
꣬ΪźεҡҡͷȻƿʼ˲䣺һȥɣϹͥΪǿߣ
ƾ㣿ʲôϹͥڱǸԪԪѾ֪ȥ˴ڣһţһͳԪ֮ãȻЩŭ
굱Ŵ棬һ֮ԱǵغЦΣļԪǿһҲó˵ȥԶиɣ̣ϹǿߵͬʱҲ㿴Ϲͥ
ĿǰĶ֣Ҳһ£֮𣡡
ȻһЦ֮䣬һɶ೤İɫëС
Ϲͥôȼǿߣһʹ߾ˣôۣͥʵǴУɹٵİڣ໨ŴۡһĴڣ
ڴƿؿռУҶȴޱ𾪵֮ͫ⣬Ӹ߿ǿߣֻ໨ŴۡۡǬ߾𡢶ɾ˹˹ϼؽ౦⣬ǿ
Щվɽ۷Ĵڡ
ǣܳΪͷ
һϹͥʹߣһ꣬ȻӵֵôϹͥǺǿ
ֲãϹͥ칬ȼ磬Ϊɽ󲻿ɶҡľ޴
ȭ
Ȼ굱һ𣬱ȭֱȥ֮ϵ顣
ޣ
˿ֲ˺ȭ֮κʶ˲飬Ȼ治ɫӶëɲǼ䣬ŻӶë˺֮ϣһ¹ⲻϵ
˺֮С
ûκξҵĹʮֵذ꣬¹˺ȭ֮У˺ٶȣϿʼϣֱʧ
˺˫һУҿܲܽ£
겢δΪ𻯽ʲôŭ֮٣˫һ֣һޱߵ˺Ȼħ綼˺ѣһͬѹ
ͽ˺󣡣
ɺ˺Ī˵ԶԶġ
ػӶëһɹɵԶͻȻΪһƬף鶼ǣ˺ޱߵħ߿գ˲໥
һΣͲǰ
춼Ǻ顢ը֮Ϸħ˲䱻ըħѾ飬˺ʼչħ֮ʼ飬ħڹϵʣħ׷顣
ͣ
ͬʱڴƿصĿռ䣬һˣڻڣͬʱըһ㣬׷Ѫеˣ
ƿؿռ䣬ʼƣ
̧ͷһħѾȻ޴棬ͳͳ£κʶ缦һѡ
޽֮صգչֳ
ȻǿᣬУνڱըϵУ
Ǽ֣սȥֲʲôʤ缯һ˵
ͻȻӰ
𡭡
ţ֪ʲô£ڵĽ꣬ͻȻʹҽУ˱һɾգգ۾Ͳ֪ɵ½ʲôطȥˡ
ӡ
ӷ汬ըУֻ֣߳гһֻһ߷Ĺƻӡ£лһӰ΢΢ת
΢΢һЦûд߶ӡˣ뵱һڵӡ֮£һǿʲô
ʦ𣬹ϲʦĪʱӺڰз
΢΢һӡʧȻϢ𽥻ָͽڻܹģǸϹͥǿߣֻǱΪʦˣδ֮գһᣬһ׷ɱһΪʦ壬ǾͲ֪Ϲͥжǿߣ
Ī˵ϹͥĪ⣬ô꣬û˽ֻ֪شۡشۡǿߣһͳϹͥһʹߣ۸ֲ
ۡʲôΪʦָ֮£ӵаʱɱϹͥǴħЩЩˣһͬ뿪ͻȻתʩչķӡռ䡣


1190 ߶Դ
ɱϹͥ
ĪһδĳڴǰȴԤ
Լѡ
ǹȥ
𲻹Īʲô飬գĪֻת˲ѣ˾һٶˣʮħסռǰ
ǰԸ⳼ԸΪ𣡡
Զ
ȴ𿪿ڣһ޽֮һǿߣȻ׷׵ع£ʾӣ
ûһ˲¹
ֻһˣһֶۣ죬Ҷȣ
Ŷ
΢΢һ㣬ٶȻ޶ԣĺ棬һҶȣͿһԵĪԭˣǸղ㽻ֵˣϢΪأҶȣֶ۵״ӣ
Īһ˿ɱƺúûϣʦֶ޹ϸ𣬶ת鶦ڴϣ֪ԺεȵֶΣںת鶦
ÿ˶ܣУУҲС𻺻ؽĿ⣬ٴҶϣɵһݺͫ⡣
Ҷֵܣٱʾֶʲô𣬼ֱһһأǶҪɽѰһӻ绢𣿡
ҪνĿ⣡
ʱռڲйµˣҶȡ
ϾҶ֮ǰ߶ת鶦ˣҶͬǹռ䣬ǾͶҶ࿴
ҲȰ
νúǰĪһֶ죬ʦǸãˣɾʲôûˣҶֵܣֻһΣ
ǲٵˣʼԺ޶ҶȣȰ˵
ҶͻȻˣײȭλ⣬ˣÿ˶ԼѡӭδҲͬǡҶֻԼ֮˭Ҳ赲ˣУֶҲУ칬ӲУ
Ȼ㲻ʶʱ񡭡ðɣȲɱ㣬汾߰ɣδ϶Ҷɱ֣ǻӶֱۡ
ˣҪƿأ޳·ʱ
ಡ
ҶȾȻһݣ˲ʧڿռ֮ڡ
ף
ʱ˵ľ֮һ𾪵޷ǰһĻڲףΪҶȲģԭȻӵֶΡ
ҶȣΪ㵵Īû뵽ĵȻ̶
ǡ
Ҳ¶һ˿⣬꽻֣Ҳδйľȣ󷽣Ȼʵͽ֪Ҷȣǡߣ
ߣʣ
ĪȻɫһˢף鶼ֱˣҡͷֶڣδֹʣ
֮£˾ռ䷨˶ݿյͨղûзϢӲǿռڣκεҲ޷ƿƿأôֻͣߣ
¶ϲֶĪ㰴ΪʦķЩ֮УȻ뿪Ϊʦҵģ뿪ȥ׷ѰҶȣߡܷŹصʣ
ǣ
ĪУ¶ϲЦݣĿʹ˲ʧȥתóһʱָһ㣬ͷ뷨Ŀռ䣬һͬ˷֮ڡ
ҶȰҶȣԭʤߣҡߣȻߣʦõ֮󣬵ʱһ벿֮Ѫңϣӵдߵ˫ҽΪǿߣ
ĪЦЦ˾ͳ½зȥٶܵ޽֮ѹȣǺܿ졣

½ԵĽ
һӰԼ˲ƵٶȣһδεգûκϢ޵ģпռеıԴϢ
Ҷȣ
ҶǰںϹһԴʣԪҶϢշеٶȣԽԽˣߣ޽֮أھɽ磬ȻгԽ˲Ƶٶȡ
ڣҲﲻҶٶȣ
𡭡һָʵˣҶת鶦֪˻᲻ֱֶ̤죬Ҫ鷢ˣЩҲûʲôãʱӦ
ҶѾ½޴Ưʴ½޽֮գȻ޾޽Ļɫա
׷֮
Ҷȫʩչڸ߿ʱһ
գͻȻһҶɫ˲ͬʱһ޴ӺգͬٶȣҶſͷݺݵ׷
𣡣
ҶȻͷһüͷʱҺٶͷٶȲ࣬һʱỹʲôΣա
Ҷ𺳲ѣ𣬾Ȼ׷ؼҵǺεȵͨ
ˣӵùƿ𣿡
Ȼ֮䣬޴ΪһʧһУӺ󷽳֣Ϊ͵ضҶȣøˣȻӵʣߣ汾ȥɣͬһ
ĪңҲĪ
ҶȵܾҡͷһЦʮ㣺ҡҵͬţ֪ǿҲĶ֣ץңҲװɣ֪ߣԦǲκεԶҲ׷ң
Ȼ֪Ϊ̫Сڣ뱾һΪǱȻκβ㣬ڣ̫Сˣڱ㿴޹⣬˲֮
Ȼˣ
˲֮Ҷһʱֺ־֣˲ƣҪٶͨ
ٿ
ֻһȻƾʧȻͲ˼ĳҶȺʮԶȻҪʩչ˲֮
󣡣
Ҷ䵹һں̿ʼȫ߶ʣٶһ˲Ѵ˦ǧ⡣
㻹ʵǲ˲֮
һ޵Ҷȶʱ͸оտյʲôûУٿȻ֮䣬һµӰͳˡ
ȻһγҶȵ󣬲ҶȿĺԽԽ٣ȻոȻеǲգȻҪеġ
ңոոʮ
ȷҲҪҵٶȣԪԴжô죡
ҶȫʩչԪҲ߶ھԴ
һʱ䣬ҶȸоѾʧˣ壬Ҫʱһ㣬̴߶

գۣҶٶһѾﵽҶȫռ״̬ٶȣһΰѴ˦ںա
ĴߣȴҪܵ޽֮صѹƣǣһ˲֮ץסҶȡ
СӲߣһЩԴһţʮֲȻռͨһڱУҲǼټģ˲֮
ɫԽ԰ףǻǿʩչ˲֮һΣʩչ˲֮ԽĿռ䣬ԽԽ
ԭҶȰ˦ڽ׵գһ˲ƣСһ룬ҶҲѷɫһ롣
ҵߣĴߣȫܱȣҴﵽΪһܰ˦ˣ
߲ģҶĲġ
ҶĴѾʱ׼ôǧͼʱʹã֪־ͷһиֶΡ
ܵġ
Ҷ׷Ҹ֮ʣ½Զһ¡úڽŮӳС


1191 һ
Ůӣƺոմ½һ£޽֮Уֳ޵Ϣ
һԾ˲ӵпھɽеٶȣһԾʹ½뿪֮ңա
·Ѱʲôͣһ˫ĮȻͫգĪϢʹ￪ʼ
ָһƺץסʲôŮӼУٶȴ
˿̣ǰա
ʦȥ׷ɱҶȡٺ٣ӦòɱҶȣץҪӵȻҪԶؽҳΪھͷһƴ棬Ϊǿߣ
һӰܵ޽֮ѹȣȻʩչӡٶҲǾˣҲŶ޽֮ؼɵ֮ɫ
Ī
Ϊ̫Զŵ޷ʩչʦǵΪκεʩչ˭ҵĶ֣
ĪһֱЦ·ǰĵطͫУһֱһЦݡ
ţ
һṦĪͻȻӦʲôĳȻ΢΢ﶯĪ̿󷽣ʦ˸Ӧ֮Ϣ֮Уκ쳣ϢԸܵõѵǸǿߣϹͥǿߣ
ͣƬ̣ĪߣʼʩչޱȵķӡڣһĨЦʲôڵϢҲǿңʲôʮ˲õľͷʦµҵǿ˽֣Ϊ˰ȫ׷٣Ҳ˵˭ߣɱˣǿߡ

һӡᣬĪΧͶһЩ޽֮ϢٵطһƬʯ㣬С
֮ǺŮӾͿٷͣĪʩչӡĿУһɨǰüͷһϢʧˣ
ԭǸŮˣŮϢ
ԶʯڣĪƻǺŮӣͷһ⣺ûϹϢҲûϤϢô׷ңѵϹͥצһѰҵϢ
ĪһãǺŮӣƺͨĪͻȻɱһ𣺡Ȼҵģ˭Ҫ
ʼᷨӡҲ뿪ʯ㣬Ůӿ
ҵСѧøķţҪƽһЩӡҵŮӼΪĮ
ݡ
ͻȻںŮӱͻأ̳һ֮С
͵Ϯ
ŮƬ̼䣬͸Ӧ󷽵ĹϢһպ֮У
֮𣡣
ţһƬëУдëںŮδ֮ʣӰҪѺŮĨɱĿơ
Ļ֮磡
Ů޷㣬ûоţֻЩ⣬ƺĪʵôһӱǿ˹˫ָ߸ߵһƣһͬϼĹâëУڰնԿ
£
Ļ֮磡
ĪںŮǰ𾪿Ůӣ´ͫһʱ˸Ϥһʱİͫ̾ǡֶĸӣ
û뵽㻹ʶֶľ
ŮӴݲȣҲЩƽߵʲô˲ҪģҪǣ㻹ֶ֪죡
ֶ졭Ȼô֪ҵġ
õŮûз񶨵Ĵ𰸣ĪϾȷϣŮֶ죬˫üһ裺ܣֶô֪ҵ£
ĪΪԼΪģžͲ֪ⲻ֪һУƿصģ㾹Ȼһ𣬻ΪĵӣʵûʲôȴûоκθŵʽΪʦ£ǽֶ죬ںεأֶ쵱ʲôˣŮһһֵʵߣŭ𣬸Ӵһʧ
Ұֶ쵱ʲô㲻ǿ𣿶ְֶҵʲô
ĪʣִżԹ޵ڷ磬˽ʮ꣬һɣ̤ɽ磬ɽ紦ѹơޣΪūħΪʲôֶ죬ΪҲٿ־Լ˵ʹ࣬ıɽ֮ʲô
ڣںŮϸϸ֮ķʣ㲻áһжһӣܻܲ˳˳ˮ䣬֮Ҫ֪κ鶼ģԼҪĳʵ
ҪϣҴ𣿿˶ףΨȻ¶ǰţ޻˵ˣΪʲôΪֶ죬ɱ棿
Īսеë
ɱ㣿ǰһɱ㣬žŹһΣѡ񣬵ǼˣҲҪţͷʽʽɣ㲻ֶĵӣֶͳͳҪعţ壡Ůӻص
ͷңʸʵ𣿡
ûУҲҵΣ
֮𣬻ɣ
ĪһᣬУֻɱˣκ˶У߶֮һƬƵ󣬳Ůǰ
ţѧϰ˵Ҿ㿴ֶĻ죡
ŮĮУһϧͬʱ¶ޱȼĿ⣬ŹӴĵӿ˲Ӷ˫ۣչָһ裬նǽһ
¡
һͬϼжƷڽ֮УƷ£һƬ顣
䣡
ŮӲƣһƷ˽ƣһ顢ʧ
û뵽ƽʱĵ£ԭ˲Īƺδʶֶһ㣬һİ
ǧâƣ
Īһᷨӡд֮ʼɳһĹϴţֱƿնԽİգֱӷѹŮӡ
Ǵߵ˹ϵĵԪѴʲô
ŮӶʱü
ϵˣΪͨĵ㿴ɣһϵϹǿߣСˣ
ĪͻȻ¶һڨڨЦݣƣƯںŮΧʱͻȻһ֣һɹףֱӴӹ֮߳Ϊһɾ޴׺˲úŮӺ޷Ӧӡ
ͣ
һ˲ʧͻȻȥĸ졣
ŮһѪӷ·ܵشɫˢףĪûֿˣ
ʣף˺˺Ůģһ
̫޴ˣôֶĵӣô޴ҶˣҲˣɣһ
Īȫɱ⣬ЦЦͫڲʱӶ֮𣬰ΧںŮΧĹƣһͷŸӴס
ٿ
һ̣Ůӷ·𱬷ʲôƣһ̣ʧ֮¡
ͣ
ɭɭɱЦݵĪͻȻǰһɹ⽣˲Īķš
󡢴󡭡Īͻɹ⽣޷Ҳ޼£·ɹ⽣У޷
ģ˵ɱ㣬Ÿһ·ĪֶѾ㣡
Ůƾճ֣֪̺˺εȵ֮ͨһУƷڵǿߣĪ
ȻָץסĪŵɹ⽣ʼɹ⽣룬Īͬոճĺӣû˿
ಣ
ɹ⽣ʧںŮϣתһգʧ޺ۣĪҴֶ죬ʽţӴˣ㲻ֶӣ
ŮӵʧȻڴ

Ī쳤Хεź˺ѷΡ


1192 ǳ˭
ĪźոʧϾͳԳЦݡ
ԭֶ죬Ͷ£ΪٿСԼ
ǣִˡ
ֶ졣
ڣһֶǿǰģ޿κεģ޷Լġ
Էһȡ
ıʲô
ʲôûı䣬̤ڣ⸱³ڼŭԹͫѾ֮ɫϵظӣϵسǿ
ǵģʹֶ죬ڻһ˲ڽ¡

Զ½֪ңԶգ
ɶĴҪҳΪˣҪõת鶦ҵʣ
ϵطУ֪Խ˶Ǻӡ
һǰһӰһǰһš
ҶȳԽ֮ԶǴʩչ˲֮Զɹױȵ֮һ룬ۿҪ׷ҶȣϧǲһôϹŶҲЩӵۡ
һϹŶվɽ۷壬ɵ޵оͷȻһСû취ܲʵɽҲܲʵ
ҵٶȣȻڲǿ߱ȼ磬ȻûдﵽֻӵҵʵҲ㹻֤Լһξ룬ʩչǧͼ˦ϹŶ
ӿʼڣҶȶû¹ǳۣӵͨǰҲ¡
ڲͬҶȡ
ˣ
һδ߶¯޾߶һʱҶԺ֮УͻȻһ֮
ԪӡǡĪǣ
Դ䣬ʲôҲԷӲǻ龻֣ԪӡǣҶӵԪӡǵˣ˸ĸ塢ơ纺Щٲˡ
ֻһˣħ
ƣ
ת˲ʹ߶ԺеԪӡǣʱҶȵüͷЦչֵùЦȻǳͯҾ޽֮أ̫ˣյϴηٷ
߶Ԫӡǵˣǳħɴ۵ں֮õ޵ħͷĿ齫
ƣٹʶʶһϹŶϷˣͷӣҶϷӡԪӡǣ̷һӡϢͷųȥˡ
ͬʱһʩչ˲֮Ҷֻһ룬Хһˣ𲻻ٻᣬ־ܣϷʩչڵĻҲûˣѧĪһ뿪ʲô̶ֶ֥죬ϷϷϰѾӵа֮壬̤ͨ磬̾ܳΪɵ磬˭ܱϷΪԸ޾
ǰϵȷΪֻ뿿ԼȥУһһӡܲǰĺ⣡
ҶȻһʱ߶һη󣬻գѴ˦ں֮Զ
Ҫҳ𣿡
˦һҶȸоڴŮĿڴ纺
纣ξͲ֣֣ҲĶ֣һ£óǼһϹ֮óƸϼһһνѵںɴ۵ҲӵڵǿϹŶһҺڴ־ͷŵʱʲô飡
Ǻá
纺Ͳ˵ʲôˡ
ϴ󣬺ٺ٣ѸӦλãǰպһƬʯ㣬ɳǸõطϴٹ붫㣡
ţҶҪϵʱ֪ƿһޣдӡ֮
µˣΪֱƵɴۣɴݺһʱΪɽ˵ҲһĴڣʵҲȴ˶٣
ƴӡ֮ҶȾЦ˻۾гһߣħˣɴұ۵ĶҲˣڻ´𣿳ǻָ۷ټɵϹŶ
룬ҶȾͼٷһδεذѴ˦ҶȻǱһ룬һ׷϶
ŰʱȻǰգƯһƬϤɰɫʱգɰһƬ޴ʯ㣬ڿһǣȴҲһӣ޷ʯǿա
ֻ˲ӦҶȱӦħУҲڣʯ㻹вٵޣֱһ֮ء
ʯ㣿
ͿҶȵ⣬̼ӿٶȣһ׷ҶȣҶѾɰǿգʯУϿϯѾҶȵӰ
Ϣûˣ
ۼҶȣΪӦԣһ㵣ҶȵϢȫʧˡ
СϣŸܣߡӳϷģӲˣ
ͷһǰɰ˲ƿ¶һƯʯǴһҲ޷ƿʯʱա
ϲģ
ͻȻڴʯ㣬ѰҶ֮ʣһİŵŨҵħ棬Χʯ㻺ɢ
ͻȻͣһͷƯĿ𽥵ĺ䣬һɨΧŭε󱲣
ңħ𣬻ҵϴ󣬹
һʯ𿪣ֻĵӰӺ󷽸ʯ߳纺Ҷȡħ붫ħһаſЦݣضŴĺۣ𽥵趯
Ŷ
һôһӶôˣĹĿ⣬𽥴ɨÿˣ޷͸ܣգĿڳħ붫ϣһǿߣɹٵǿߣǸʱҲһǿߣʲô
Ӧˣΰɴۣɴ۲սɱ칬
ɴۣҵŹԪôһǿߣȥˣʲôǿߣԳΪм
ɴ۹һΪۣ֮ʲô㲻ҲȥˣҵĹȻһŭû뵽һͨˣһȴɱʱɢ
ۿҪ֣ħͻȻһ϶ţͲ㶯֣ɱţȻɴ۵Ҿʶʶɴ۵
ëС㲻ӵڳڵڱǰţҪúѿ
ܲӣͬǣݺŭ
ҶȿħûһֵģֻѵƣҪģǳ£ȲҪȥ֮ǰ½һϹͥĽʹߣ˵ʮǿȴҲκβ˴ϹŶ
ʹߣ
ʱɱ˲δȳħشʱȻһ̿Ҷȣ˵ǽʹߣǷһʥĽۣҡӵв
ǵģǰҶ׿ֻ֮䣬ҶȾͿϹͥĪĹ
ԺϹͥĽʹߣǧҪ⣬ʹߣϹֻ֮ͥͥһЩм֪һڸ֣֪ʹߵĴڣʹ߽֣ͷųɽԳߵƣħҶȡ
һԳĹ


1193 ħս
˵ϹͥŲ򵥵ϵƺ࣬˵ϹͥҲƣûʵʸ֪˽Ϲͥ׶ˣ
Ҷ򶫻ͷȻͷй뷨ϱ
Ϲͥ۵Уźܶܡ
ϹͥΪֻǰһ㣬һиΪ֪ܣϹ֣֮ͥδ̤볬֮ǰҶûʸ֪һУ벻֮ҶȻϹͥ˽⡣
϶ģҳȻ첻µز£ĿˣҲֻԸܼĵˣϴҾͻϹŶ
ħɭɭسҶ¶ϤЦݣȻһɳ߲ʯռ䣬˲ȥƽеն档
ٺ٣ϲģˣƤӣɣɣħǰ᲻֪˭ƫƫһ˿ɫҲûС
ëС
𱻼ŭˡ
·һͬʨŭ˲ָһУһëڶָ֮䣬ұһ𣬳ǳħ
ݡ
ëΪһ⣬ħǰ
ϹǿߣָħȻûܣë⣬磬ԻκμʣڣҲ
ǳħ¾Ƿ֮
ë⹥ʱͻȻԾڰյߵȻָͬӳһץë֮С
¡
ָƺޱߣһץֱӰëץ飬ң֮ٿȻɢΧʯ÷顣
ôǿ
û뵽ƱԤģҪǿ٣Ѿﵽڵʩչۣ²Բ
Ҷȱ˽ķâ𺳣ΪģΪ̫ʼɱֻܰѹ
ҳʵǿĿ齫δʩչʩչʵӾ춯ء
ԱߵĶӲģƺѾ޷κסħ
ɹ⣡
ٿȻͷųһϾӶд֮Ĺ⻪ʱΪһͬٵһ˺ʥâΪһһĹɹ⣬籩ħȥ
ΧһЩʯոɹ⣬˲Ȼ飬Ϊ̵ʯôӲǵֲԴ
ɹ⣿
ͷҲһɹ̾ǿǺܹʱһΪʥǿߣͨû뵽ƿص˴죡
Ҷǰ㲻֪ˣʿףɣΪеĵɣӿʩչҴʡߣ
ߣδ˵ʡ
ҶѣЩ⣬ʣԴߣֲ֪ô˿϶Ԫ֪ߵˣѾˡ
ʮ·ָս޲ʤ
ɹʱħȫһսװķʱֱӳȥ裬չ˫ڻӶָӡʮָϱ任ʼɹԿ

ɹһƬص磬ħһһʽԵָϳ뿪ɹ磬һƬƬƬ¡
ʮ·ָǵǿ֮ͨһڸʮ·˾ɱ칬ɱ˲֪칬֣
չֳöϣ¶һĳ鶯ͫǹȥϢ
Ƶȷǰɴ۵ȫںˡ
Ҷиӷˣ
ëͷС㵹ЩֶΣƽɹ⣬ԶԶ
ֻƣգκڽ룬˲Σգ¶һ޷ŵı飬Ȼֱһ⣬ߣɱڡ
Уֵһɴָ֪ɴϣϹͥ칬Ҫɵ֣Ҫб£ɱ칬ԣǳɹˣɴ޷£ܳԽûʸСˣ
һ׵ָųʩչһ򷨵ϵۣóħͬս޲ʤս
ʲô
·涯ŭˣӶëҪħĹɹ⣬ȻΪһƬǹ⣺Ԫ
ٿٿٿ
ǹ̻Ϊһɹɾ޴Ԫ·ǹľеһɴеʮɾ޴һһ飬Ưڳħǰÿһ飬Ǵǿհǳ

ħȻЦüͷȴ·һּɵ˴һ֪֮ΪҲԳ
ܵõһѪ⡭ת鶦ڣٻΪϴ裬̺һݴȻӦ֣
ͻȻ䣬ս֮⣬һ֮⣬ƿն֡
ֻҶΪ΢ЦţƺʲôǴߵ
ʵĳףҶԹˣߵأ޷󣬴ߣСԸֵⲻÿ˶ڴ𣿻һ׾ˡ
ɱ˴ǲʵǣǶҲɱڵĴ𣬵ôˣʧȥһѪ⣬Ҷȴаա
ಣ
ڴ˿̣Ԫƺſ춼ǣϵƶ۱

ħȻ壬һһ򷨵Ϣ𽥵ر
÷ǷɱϢʣȻӵǿҷǷɴۣȷƱ任¶һݿ϶
һߣֻҪǵõӡ֤£ȥţ϶Եˡ
Ǵ볣˵Ĳ࣬ŶصĻ֮⡣
ƣ
ͻȻ߸Ծɱ𾡵ƣ̻һը
䣡
ţֱԷԪһȭһһԪʼ顣
ֻһԪ
޴ԪѹȶÿһȭֻԪһȻ飬ԪӿʱĲֳ࣬
һԪںϣײóƲϺˣη޷ֵɺƶƻûз䣬ϵʩչ˺һԪȥϣƿԪ
ëͷС֪ɣһŭ
ֱǻϽͣԭҪ˺Ԫ֮ʮѣǻӶд֮һɾ޴ɹ⣬Ϊֻ֣վԪĺ棬ƾ˷ŭͻȻſ֣Ԫ֮档
ʱԪ֮һóƶѪ˾һɽƶ
һ˶ѣ
κɽ֮
ӲȥˣȲ˶꣬һԴšߣ
ٿ
ۿƾҪľУˣشԪ֮ǰԾ
ʧȥ谭֮Ԫ֮Ȼӿʯ㣬ʱһƬ¡¡޴һƬʯǿգԪ֮¡
ϴˬ˰ɣ϶ţ
һħ飬һҶȵǰһʮֵģ
ˬˣһҪˬ£ҪӴϣȡһѪ⣬մΪϴ裡
ҶȻӭĳƣͬʱ˵һ䣬ó붫𺳵Ļ


1194 ٴ
𣬴ߣǿߣ
ҶȾȻҪϣȡһѪ⣡
ؼǣһˣκھͷܣװƾһѪ⣬ܳɹ˵
簡·࣬Ŀ⣬ɽ֮ɣ̫ꡣ
ˡ
ǿ߳ħ𣬴ʱϿҶȵʱա
Ԫ
ͻȻҶʩչһħ𡢶̯棬˾˲ʧһǳ֮С
ƾղˣ
ţϢǡһռ䷨ϢôַڣȫоǿռľϢ
ͻȻʧգһ𾪵ģ·У޷ӳģڣ˾ôʧˡ
Ҳҽɣ
ͻأ䣬ڴ˼֮ʣǹǳٴγ֣գۻΪһŴ죬ҧ
ʲô
һǸϢˣҧסڴǰһƬܲϢǿա

һֻ֣ǳסʱ̣Ѹײڶ֮ƣǳ֮ץֱץԴ
ǿ󣬼ץĻƽ֣ƺһӾͿһϧ廹޷ʱǳֻƽ֣ոͻȻӾǳݺҧס
ƺһ̣еס˴
ƽ֣ջѾܵٶЩ򱻻ƽ׵ץһѪƽִѪǳ֮С
͵ʴףûõҵʣȴõĴѪ⣬ټˣ´꣬һ°ɣ

ҶȵǳƬǳ̻ΪӰ޽֮գˡ
¸첲ʧȥƴСѪ˿ڣӿŴĿĵѪֱ죬δˣȴ˶һѪ⣬ŭӲԿգʲôʲôռ䷨
ϧŭУܿʧˡ
ֶ졭ȱָȫʢʵһĶ󣬾ֶ죬СӣһҪץסȡʣ
𻳴ΣתһͲˡ
ǧͼڣǧǹУ
ߣߣ
ƿأõһѪ⣬ȳɾͣκǿߣǣҶˡ
شҶȣƺһֱףΪγħصĴУҪԸһСߣͿǰܲ⣬ǣˡ
ߣبʡ
ϴ㲻õ˴ǧͼõ˵ĴУƾϲصҶȣȴܼɵſҶȼͷһֱ˯ޡ
Ҷ˿Ѿӡ˴Ѫ⣺ţõǧͼףĲִиңĴУ׷ң
ǧͼ
ٴһǿ̾û뵽Ҽˣйһ֮Եͨ޵Уɽ糩ͨ裬ʵͨ죬ﵽ۷壬ϧһֱ֪Ϊʲôԭṳ̂磬ͲϢԭˣõ˵ĴУɳɽҲûκε㣡
־ͷƶкܳ·ҪߡˣǰΪһͬ޽֮أ
Ҷȴһֱʵ⣬ʵ
߾飬ͬ⣬Ǿټɢɽ˷ǰ˵ľɲǿߣٴζԿ칬ҳȥһһЩǿߣ˵ǣٴμˣɹδɵԸ
ˣҶһҶ˵ȻһϢƵõɴ۵ĴУȻֻҪɴ۵ǿһͳˣҶȵ׳Ƶ뷨
ƣȻҲҶȵ뷨
Գϣ˸ˣƣҶȶԸ칬
ƿҶȣϴɴδɵԸȥɣ칬ǹͬĵˣԶţڿǣ˴ﵽǰָ߶ȣԾɲȻ޷⣬һ֪жپɲԸվ
¡
򵥣ף̸ף˱칬һҪһɽ򿪣칬ס
ҶҪ˼򵥣Ҫ˴ﵽǰĸ߶ȣܲס£ǻҪȥնһնΪ䣬ͺðˣ뵶ʵȻ͵Ŀ죡
һ򣡡
϶ϴֵܣǵѹĶӣΪն죬ֵܰƴλԸ칬кѣ
ǰģħϴˣϵټϴɽΪɽһɾ޴
Щ룬ҪǿβȥٸӦȥնһֱûϢһ˳Ҫǵʱ򣬴ô£ǲſڳ£
ã
ħͷ򶫻һҲ϶ȥټ˾ɲɣܿɴ۵ķϣ»ȻãԸ⣬Ȼǿ
Ǻãȥɸɵ£Ӧ
ҶȻرۣȻǰǰ޽֮һ½أҾͰϷΣ
һЦû⣬ʵ￪ʼһ޽֮ضٸ֣ѹѾǺǿˣ
ǰǣ
գۣҶȾ΢΢ػ֣һѶֱӸǳ硣
ռֻʣҶ纺ħˣ˶һˣħȻʵЩȲϴﶼȥˣԺϴһֱһ𣬽ȥǣ
Ҷ΢΢˼һᣬص£ұҪȥһȥ֪ĽڶǸͽٻͱǱ칬׷ɱǿߣ
úãʦģδСӣС࡭ǾǱ칬ϴǱͷ֮磬ͺˣٺ٣һΣϴȥú칬֪ҵҲҪ߻̫ʼǼһҳħˣϴɾӣŰȥժȡ
̫ʼֻߣֻ߿е̳߲࣡
ôҾõֻ֮ţȡֻߣֻ֮Ŵܣʱ޷ֻ֮ţ칬ԽأʵȻҲΪ϶ȴڣҳƣҲǵǸɵۣ
ȻʣôýѹȻֻ֮ߵˣΪֻߣҵֻͨҪѪ⣬ڣͿӵֻ֮
ʣһʣߡѪͨҶȿͨԼӵֻ֮Ҫ˵õֻ֮
ٺ٣ãϲǻ̫ʼЦõģҶⷬƻ˵˳ħ룬һЦ
̫ʼ²ż̫࣬󣬻ǵʵﵽڡ˵Сǧֶ죡
ǵģ磡
СǧҶΧ˵
ƣ纾ͽȥУ뿪ֶ죬ǳҶȰźһ󣬾ó纺䡣
գ۾߳ǳ磬ǰ߿硣


1195 
ת˲ңԶ޽֮أֶ
ҶкȻһãζ޽֮Уμ֤һ״ͬŵıѣټֶû䣬һӣȴԶ뿪ˡ
ʦܣٽĪŵ飬Ѿմ߲㣬ۻᣬ˵˵ɰɣ
򲻳ԴʦξڣϪˮવҶԺ
ʦ㣡
ҶһξΪԽأŸոΧ㱻Ӧⲻ֮
ɣ֮С
ڲ󷨿ռ䡣
ξյ¡ɵۡĪԿ񡢹Ž桢ѩ״ӣϻȼֵӴʮϣһһ
˱鶼࣡
Ҷʦܣ
⣬Ҷ̤ռ䣬Ӧ·ĵӣҶȣ׷Ҷһһʩ񣬱㲻ԣ̤
鷨ΪҶȴ·֮С
ʱֶǿߣΪڵڣ඼ҶȼģٴμյµˣҶȲŷ⼸״ӣΪΪҲﵽڣĪԿѩЩ״ӣڵԲ֮䡣
Ǽʮϣһ붼ڣеΪﵽڣȻǿ̫٣ֻô
ʮڵӣ۷ͼˡ
ЩǿߣǲͬѰʿϣ٣Īͨһδչĸһɳͬξѩһ棬ֶɽһš
Ҷʦܣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷռɲǣ˵ͬʱϣҶȼģδģҪΪڶһŵʦá
λʦ֡ʦã
ҶʩȻβ£ֻһˣΪۡ
ҶʦܻˣĪŵ£Ҷʦܸߴң
Ϸξʮϣ־ۻᣬһ䣬ÿ˶
Ҷ֮󣬱㿴иֵʵܼ򵥣δ֮½ȫһıı
ıиּž
δ֣֮ƿ֮У֮ϹżԪħһλΪŵħõ֪ΪΣ֮󣬷ӡ֮ϹżԪһֱе񣬲½ħҪԪʱɴ֮ԭļƻܵеҲǧ֣ڡڸ֣ҲжʮͳͳħƻУΪ֣ϧɲǣһеĴ𣬾Ȼڴ֮УħɲǣԾƣԵ𣬳ɹϹͥҲʮڸ֮иֱ֣
ҶһϸѴ֮ǰ£һһûʲôǿһδҶȡ
ֻͣ΢΢գ۹ҶȺεڴ֮ǴĪʦ֣˽ħż;зֿж֪ΪΣٴμĪͶ£ΪĵӣҵõϹŵУһ´۷壬̤ڣʵǿޱȣգҷѾһħżӳĪŴȥŲõĽָ۷ʵǻٴμĪʦֵģ
ͽ
˵
һʱ䣬˷Χһǿ߷߷߲ƽȳ
ˣ׷ҲȻϴ۵ԸɱӼƻӴˣֶӣͬİˣ
Ϸһλϡϣ΢ۣ̾һ䡣
¾糤˵һţǼΣ׷ԵĪֻһˣҪ뿪Ӧ뿪ţţϳΪ鵤ȵŹͷһλĳϸһ䡣
·֣ѡ˳ĬֻһֵӣɫŸ֮ɫ
ξλţʷйٵӱŵ£ٶѰŹ洦Ī¼ţһߵ״ӣĵӣſÿӣŴڵĻôҸоůǾͲһ㡢šͬǻĴͥ
鵽˽ջ໥֪ȥĪţÿ֪
һɭɭĳվһ
ɢȥɣ
Ҳվ໥ʩ񣬸һһȥ
յĪԿѩЩ֣뿪֮ǰ٣Ҷ˵ϼ䣬ֱֻʣξ
ξδ˵ʲôһӡһͨҶ뿪
ʦܣĪ£޹ϵҾѹ㣬Ҫעˣеţһղδ
뿪ȻȻһͨУξתҶȣͬţҶȡ
˼ϸ壬ҵᣬǡô赼ҶȣӵϴܵǱʡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʦ㣬ԼҲĪʹʵ׷Ĳûʲôκ˶׷Ȩ˸ѡȨκҲĨɱˣȻѡҲֻз֣ɱǿдû˼شһ˳Ȼ
Ȼ뿪ˣҲ˵ʲôʱͺúϢӴʲô£һᵥ֪ͨ㣬ȥ޽֮ԣʦΪĪϧΪӵеĲŻʦ𿴲شˣȻȥˣһһҪȥһɽ磬ɽţһһҪȥһ飬ҲʱһŹ棬һӣ
ξȻҶףƮ֮ƼԦȻȥ
ҶȲδͣ뿪ͨܿͻص죡
ӡһһúҶȱ߶䣬߶ǧͼ̫ľһڡ
֮Դ̫ľռ䣬ҶҪһ¡
ǾǰߵѪ⣬гߵһھںϡ
纺ѾƯھ̳ȴҶȣҶȽ٣̳ۣ֮Ҷȼ򵥽̫ľȻҶƿ֮ˣҲͲɣΪûˣӹҶȵƿء
ϴǴֱʰߣ磬׷ѰҵʣһӵУӴֵȻף
ҶһƴСǿѪ⣬·䶯ħһʱȲ
Ǻã׼ã
Ҷ˲ı纺ơ̫ľֱҲ£ŴѪ⣬Ҷ̴߶龻֡
תѪ⣬ҶȻӶֻֻ֣Ϊɫָһ죬Ѫһ
һ
ѪһΪһϷӡһ飬Ҷʩչ龻֣ϵؽӡһ֮ʼ𽥵طֽѪеľҶȴ߶ʮ龻ֽϣĵѪɫâ
ĵѪɫâСһģһ
֮ͬ󣬻в֮ͬУֻ̫ľһʵȻҲֻմߵͨ
ںϰɣ
˫ֻر任龻ֿĵѪɫâϵں˵ͷɲǼ䣬ÿ˶΢΢һ


1196 ƽɾ
ԴߵȻʮ΢ǶҶȵ˵ȴĪɲǼ䣬ÿ˵Ժ·ϵӰ
ЩӰΪںϽȫ֮С
ƺӰ㼯һ𣬱ɾ˴ߡ
ҶȵϵĹӰʮģֻӵдһЩӰģǴ𣬿ĹӰɼ

ħ𱬷һ̰
Ҷ纺ϤûʲôоǶ̫ľͲһˣܵסħһŻӦ
˱ֿУ纺ӦΨ̫ľ޷ӦգҶȻǴ߶ǧͼ̫ľɽ磬ȥʥɳأǱУҶ˼ȵĪȻ˻ع顣
ҶҪѴ߷ÿһˣҪת鶦ÿ󹤳˳ɣôʵ췭ظı仯
ú̫ľҶģǸٻȥ򣬶ҪǿΪ
ںϴߣȫںϣﵽµĸ߶ȣȥʵֺܶ飬Ȼ׾ٶˡ
纺УٶȱҶȻҪ٣һ߶ۣʼ޷С
Ҷȣ̳ϣʼ߶ȫĹӰ
Ӱж١
Ҷȼ鶼еӰΪһЩԿ󲿷Ӱ޷ģǵĶҲ޷ֻм΢΢ӰҶȼǵĶȻڴһžͨ
ڣҶףΪδôϹ
ԭЩͬĹӰһԶǿߵĴӡһ㣬ںϴڣԶڣϵǰߣȻҲǵһǿͨ
𡭡ڵĹӰһޱȣֲôΪߣȻƿôˣԶǣҶת鶦ݺһ޷ǣҶһѪ⣡
𽻷ĳ棬ҶһѪʼӿôϣٴָֽ棬ǶѵõĻᡣ
ս𵤡½𵤡Ѫ̫һ
ΪںϴҶȱҪͷǺʼŷӡһһ߶ֲͬһֹһֺڰ໥ųںϣһ̫һٵرߡںϡ
ѪͷţҶﵽ˰֮壬Ҳﵽ̵״̬
ʱҶȸоﵽ£һ޷ƥе۷оȻ߶ϵӰںѪ̫һ֮С
ʱӰ͸ͬϢ޷Ķֲͬʱ䲻ƣԲͬϢԽŨңеա½֮УӸӵ̫һ
ԭںϡ
˴ߣһˣҪں϶ڳ룬ҲɱΪǴ߲ͬԴ̺Դʩչͬ
ҶոΪ̫һڳ纺ܷȫѹմ߲ĸÿǾ
ԭ⼸΢΢ԶӰһλΪһλΪһˡһλΪˡϧģ޷嶯
ϵںϣҶǿӰУ΢΢ļǵǵ
Ϊһ츳ͨ붾˿ֶ˿֮ˣסκʣԶһʺϴͨ
һˣһλеĿߣһڷּ໷УĵȻеһָһŽ룬ޱߵﵽʥǹ
ˣϹһŵһȻٿͨױȵףҲһʺϴͨ
ЩϹκһţΪһ֣һţ붾˿һָܺãЩ˶պö˵ף붾˿ҲѲңһںϣУ
ҶЦЦϿʼȻպ֮ںϣΪ֮ĵӣںһָͷӺ࣬ϡﻩƿˡ
ĹӰҶû취ˣϾ߲ͬʣϴףӵеĲʣһֿԼ
ѪѪУ޷ּ򷨵
Ҷֻܵõеһоһ㣬˵ʩչ̫һںϡ
Ǵߵں˵һƿصȻӴ޷
ٺ٣û뵽ЩģӰԶذεںϡᣬҵ̫һ֮Уֲôգ׷ǰ֮ãԭôԶǿߣΪ
ҶȻۣ̾Ѿƿ˴ߵȫһοʼɱ䣬ӴոǴ˻ָ£Ǭһ㣬һͷ󣡡
ȫѼﵽ۷壬ԲֻЩ࣬ںεȵ䣬ҶƣޣԽٶȣԶԶԽˣǳԽߵĴڡ
̤Բ⣬ʱƽɾ˷У̫ˣʱƽ⣡
һ޴ǶԸ쵶ūһʧȥ
ɾɴ۵ʮ·˾ǿ䣬ӵ
ϴҰ
ħͻȻԦһҶȵǰ
һƽɾʵֻһأҶȻ˿͸Цݣ˵
ħʱˣҶǰصٺ٣ɾͽã֪֮Ҳԣɴۣ޳ڼ飡
ɣ
Ҷ̴߶һʬ壬Ӳзɳɾʬ壬һնɱ޵
ϴ֣ƽķû⣬һˣѵܱˣħѾͷǿơ
ɣڰ׾
Ҷͨ޼ɵͷųĺڰףҶͷУΧɾΧ
ͽ
ħ죬һħ⣬źڰ׾һͬɾʬ塣

̼䣬ͬҶһƺ޶ɾʬ壬ͻȻһǿڷһǿķԶسɾѪ⡢Ƥ֮С
顣
䣡
ڰ׾ħ⣬ΰĵĿ齫ҲҶ϶ΪһΪһ޷ƥеضڰˣֻħס
ƺΪ˵
ɾ϶Կɾʬ忪ʼ𶯣һԶظı󷨣Ͽ⡣
һʱ֮䣬˫ֲ£ҶȡƲͬ˵޷޾ɾķȴģ˿ƣģջкľһ졣
ھռ䣬õʱ䣬Ӳõ
ʣڽʱգҶͬʱǿڣɾȻȻǿѾ˵Ѳ޷Խĺ蹵


1197 纺
䣡
̳֮ϣһԿռڲϷըɾΧǸħ⣬ž˵
ϴ֪ö϶֣ͼ򵥶ˣ
ħҲﵽҶ֣ȡ֮״̬ȥҲѹǳ޴
Ҷȿħ˼ǵĺڰϢҲ⣬Ѱ˰ԼȥŬƽ⣬ֿԵõ飬ֿԵõҪؼ׷Ḷ́
ٺ٣ϴǰһţһ̫ʼ𣬿ҲˣһΪǿߣֻȻ⣬綼ϡٵĴڣĿ齫ҲѰɫߺߣ
ͬͯĨĨǼߵ·ҪɾƵȻһҲ˯ž
ƾˡ
ҶȣȻҲԸ
̵ģںɴ۵޷ѹǿߡϴǵ취õϡٵ
ȥ
ԿռڣҶ֣һֱɾԿģɼɾȻȻ̣Ѿϣ˲١
ħ룬ͻȻһζĻ
Ҷۣƺƣһ֣ţҲ󾳽ɽ絮ɽƱػңҪΪɴۡǰǿߣ򡭡ɽ㣬ܲһֱزأ֪ʲô취
ϴˣ
֪ħɭɭһЦҶգ۾ķ̺ʮپõϴҲۣôķǴﵽڵ۷壬ӽ󣿵ǿĴڣ²ֻ̤룬ʮ٣԰ڵ޼ɵոж֮ӣı䣬׹ϴߣֵõ󴫳УڵȻͨ裬ǰǴνǰ㣬裡
ҲǲˣʼΣգǰǿߣҼߣҲ޼¡
ϴУ¸ֲȥײȥʮϵɣʮµİ˲磬κҲ޷̤룬ǵȷҪСģÿһ磬һλƿߣЩƿߣʵվ֮У۷Ĵڣ˵һǶСָСͱסˣ
ǵһһǱҪȥģûиӦ̫ңԶǷĵ磬ﵽҲ޷ӦԵȥȥ򣬰նͳһָٻٰϴ֮ȥҲ٣
ãϴģ
ħͷ
һǿߣȴûǿߵӣúܣʱͷʱ˫ۣʼղѱűԣԽ⣬Խ׽ɶԳħĲһɼɵ
ͣ
Ȼ֮䣬һɡȼյɾڴ
˶ʱһѭȥֻɾڣһаЩȻа֣֮趯˺ѣʼںɾ֮УԿҶȵ
ɾõ硭ƣǵʩչĹ߽Щ
Ҷһ衣
úãȥħ
¯
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ˫ִһӡһ޴Ĳ¯Կռ䣬պðɾʬ壬¯Ϸ¯ڲ̫һɾ̫һһա
֮
Ҷ˲һԾ¯Աߣֶһץһʮɳ֮ˡ
ۣ
ʱһҶԱߣָʳָüĴһһֻۣ˲ذسˡ
ƣ
ͬʱҶƴ߶Ĺ
֮֮⣬ͬʱɾʬ塣
䣡
ɾʬһ֮֮⣬ɾ֣֮ϡﻩȻû飬ȴ÷ڲʧ
¡¡
һδιɾ¯ɣֱҶƹ𽥵ʧȥơ
컯ȭһʽڶʽ졢ʽԵʽ޵Сʽ졢ʽҡ
޵ĹʩչҶһԾɾǰֱӻӳ컯ȭ
ֻɾķڣ֣֮ʼȻڶԿ
޾ۣۣ֮
ħһδ߶ֻۣĹֻڶζÿһλζһĿ⣬ͬһδιɾ
ʱֻ޾ڶԿа
ϴû뵽ǿɾΪվڵ۷壬붫϶Ȼһ࣬Ҳڵľ֣֡û뵽ƽķ˷ѾҪһʱ䣬ǲƿ
ٹ֮󣬳۵Щ԰ףϾ߶ۣƽʱ״̬ȫһ߶۵ѾԽʵٱԿ۷壬пܣǣ޷Ƴɾ
ֻһһɡ
һ֮
Ҷƽͷöʧȥʱ纺ȻԦһɫâƯҶϵͷ˺һЩ
ɩʵΣ
ո˺󣬳ƾ͹ʵ
֪ҶˣЦֹӺ棬һֱδ纺
һεĶսɾҲܴԼ纺
ɺƣ
纺ǰȻһƯȼյĺˮ˫ִ߶Ӻˮ֮Уһˮâ
ˮâ֣磬ҫ磬һϢҶư
ƺԡˮâ֮С
䣡
ˮâɾ˲䣬纺ɾʬ壬ͬʱһ𣬶纺ǰźˮȴû֡
ţڻըˮâֱӹɾķԽˮˮӿɾʬ֮С
ɩ䣡ħ𾪵ͳOΡ
纺ʵͰҶȣ깥ֻĥɾķ纺˲䣬ɾ
ಣ
ʱһаȻɾƿɾڷɳ
һа⡣
ϴɾõҪߣħлʱа˵ġ
ΪǾռ䡣
ū
ҶȲżȥѹаٻһѪǵĵūվİצ㣬ɱڷ
еùҹ𣿡
Ҷ˲纺ߣһ纺һҲûУȻһҶϿѰҳ·аͷһ̫⡣

̫ҶȽӡγһסа
أ
ȻͬһӤĿа
ϴ󣬿ϧˣ˸ںϣ⵶ūں֮󣬼ֱһռɱ˱𣡡
һԺ˵
ūǰѾ٣һûκʶԸΪһ
Ҷ˵꣬ʼʩչ˫֣Ӳƿ̫𽥵ǰȻ̫ܵѹȣƺͼɵ̫⣬ԽԽ


1198 Բ
κаǺڰеһ֡
ƺڰ
̫ѹҶǰ纺ҶΧȻһֻӤС֡
ӤСƺų㲻֪ʲôԭ򣬱иСƤ۰ףһЩ˲еƤƣͨͨȴǳһԶ٣ԻǵϢ
ֲ˹죬ԭӵϢܺãȻӵһūں֮˵
ūҶȴ߶·һְŵūС֣ūСֶδСֽӵūͷûУ龻ȻڵūΧѹа
˭Ҳ֪ʲô˱仯
ڴһаȻûзʲô仯ūı仯Żؿʼ
ū·һӵʶֻǽڴֿʼԶ趯һаȴӵӵūȫùǽھȻѪȻѪ⣬ƤūȫƣʱΪһƤõİ˱۹ˡ
仯δ
ūͫаĹâľȻһ˿񣬲µĸɵȻһѪϢ
Ҳ
ūĹǽڱƤɳĴ֣𽥵ֱ״ֹ̬ͣūɵҲһû֮С
Ϊ仯ʹ˽ūİ˱еֿۣʼӤ䶯ؽ뵶ū壬ƤϿκκۼ̼䣬ūȻһʬ塢ɵŰ˱۹ֵĹˣȻΪһֻ˫۵ꡣ
Ƥʮֵع⻬ͬոճһ㡣
ˣˣ
仯ħȷ޷
֨
ūػֱۡӣƺЩϰߣƺЩ棬ȻӿʼתհĿҶϣһ桢شҶȡ
纺Ҳž֮⣺аʶ뵶ūʶںϣκﶼϣǱܣūҲһǿԼһЩʶаʶϣγһָӵʶ壡
Ҷȵͷ纺˵Ĳ࣬ں֮ǰūڡԺҶȵȻūҲһֱעϢ
ūǵūҶȵĵūˣӴӵʶаɣҶȶʱͷųѹԵ̫⣬סūϵĺ
ūˣ
굶ūþظ仰ҶȻһһԿռ䣬뵶ūõūԼԿռӦʶ֮󣬳ΪˣӴ˿ʼһĸаڡ
ӵеϢĵūа˵ʵõĹޡ
ڰаǺڰūҲҵĸ塣
ŻĽ塣
аǿ󣬶޷ƿأɾ޷ѹκ඼޷УǱ˵ūҲгɾ˵ū
ƣھɾ
ū֮£ڸһ䡣
纺Իص֮УҶ̰ضɾʬ壬һھͷһȻƻ٣ʣҲҶһֹ
һգʵڣӵ֮
龻֣
ҶȲʩչ龻ְ֣ɾʬ壬ʬ𽥵ػΪһѪˮɾĵ𵤡ͳͳڻ龻ͨ£ΪһֱԼɴѪˮ
ۣգ
ħȻɾڵֱӿ˵ֻۣͬʱҶȰһѪˮħֻۣͨѪˮ
ԼʱħѪˮϢʱǿҵԣҲһħԣͫѪ⣬ʱͷȥһˡ
ȵںϣҶȲſʼͷзӡƣѪڣȻ̯˫֣ĻѪˮ
ˣ
Ѫˮո壬ҶȵƾͿʼɵ˶ԽǿңԽԽˣ̫һƤһףһ࣬ӸǳͷѾðһɹɰ̡
ȻƤһӲӵѪеѪٱţһѪ⣬͵̫һѾȼ𵤡ɾ͵ľ
һڵľǿߣͨڣڿģȻױȵ
¡¡
ҶѪˮʣ֮һʱҶڣȻһſʼһž飬Ӽ⡢ϸǹеˣ̫һѪʼۡ
䣡
ţһҶ޷Ԥϵƣƴ״ƾձը
ɲһֿ״̬ܵģΨشڣ·ٻԼҲ˲ѣоʧʱһ֣ļ̸о̫һѪڳոľ뵤
ڱߣ֮޽塢ɹȵǾֱ֮ǰ׳֮ࡣ
ڵҲһ࣡
Բû뵽ͻƣɵۻҪףͻƳһؿڣ̤ؿ֮󣬽׶ˣڵڣҲûôѣ
ɾһ˳ڣ̤ԲҶϲǸٻǽȥȻֶһš
ҲɼǺ޴
֮󣬿±仯Ҳǳˡʣ֮һɾպͻԲžֻ֮һ̫飬ʣ֮󣬴ﵽԲ״̬ӦûЩѶȣ
ſʼʣѪˮ仯ڼڲںϡǷƺ֮һȻԲҶشҶȣϯȫ
ɾʣӿڣյʵʸУֱ仯ǱȽϻԽߣԽӣﵽۣҪʱ䳹ƿܡ
ҶȿʼһﵽԲ߶ȣʵҶѾаգնɱǿߣԲ֣ҶҲԴԡ
ʩչԼͨնɱԲҲ⡣
Ҷɱˣǰ취̫࣬ڣҶҲа취ȥնɱȻݺ磬ĻʼնǸԽʧȥе׷
̫޼˻׵ײ֮ȵɵͷβ顣
ûʲôµĳ֣Ȼǰɱܶ࣬ڵٶȣ뵱ʱոոĴٶȣѾаս˦
ڴϢ̫΢ҲѪУԱ仯Ҳ󣬵ոӷѣߡĪǱɴ𣬲ŻΪߣǸͷҪ̸ף
꣬ҶȲŰɵգͨУҶʵǿȻʼʡ
һˣԶҲ޷յߣضǣֻҪõںһԣΪߡ
ߣĪġ
Ҷȵû˼ȥںϣƽܣǴߣҶϣУո
ʱٵţɵ磬ֻʧʮѡ


1199 ϻ֮أ
ϴڵѾնɱڣͷۣնɱԲҲпܣ
šűԽԿռ
ֻɾ֮ĳħƲδоɱ䣬Ѿǰǿ̫࣬ٴ֣ˮ
·ռôƵħΡ
ҶȻָۣһ㣬ʮȥôʱ䣬ߡ߲δи˽⡣
ԭǷСľԴںϡˣֱȴﵽڡգҪɽ磬ռľԴһУһŸСǧʹã
򵥼վһ죬纺Ҳһԣ˺úþһҶ̴纺뿪ռ䣬óһʱС
˳졣
һʱ䣬ҶյĪԿ񡢹Ž桢ѩ̫¸ҶͳͳϳȥΪڣһһؾȻͷųԪֱӷֽ֮ڡ
ʦܣ£
ҶԪֽ磬ξڴһЩæµ״̬ҶԪ
ҶȲΪξæòɿֵʦ㣬ѽڣϳȥγȥҲܺһʱ䣡
ξ΢΢̧ͷһ¶뾪ϲЦݣôڣһϢȥҪСģʲôΣգһʱ䴫ٷҲˣɽ粻ͬţǳæ
һ½
ʩ֮ҶԪʱˡ
ڣ٣ӴɵɵۣпҲգڲŶ꣬ѾʹڣﵽԲٶȡɽδйĪиʦܱ󣬸ඥ
ǹඥʦΪۺʵʦ˵Ķԣƽ۹ȥʦܣٶȽĻʦܴܲ꣬ﵽڣʵǳΪɽ𣿡
ҪʦѧϰԦ֮ĪüԦСʦֺγ׼ԦʦܳɳǱԶԶԽĪһֱδй仯Ҫʦ棬עʦϢʲô⣬š
ξһֱĬС

ɽϣ֮Уһڴ˵еĶ֮أϻġ
ϻԹΪԶɽ磬̤룬˳ΪһأֻһЩҩʦʦУѰҲϣҲһָ֣ѡϻΪϻģŴ˵еĴޡ
Щޣ嶼УǴӵ֮һֱϢϻģѩءɳĮ»ԭ֮УҴγһɿ´ݺɽһҲ˲̤ϻĵԭ
ϻȻǻӣʥأƫƫЩˣѡ﷢չ𽥿ɢҶγһЩ
еĴ˴ǡ̩ڡƻšԼ̲š
ȻǿΪɽĴڣڡ
ڵڣ̫Ĵ˵Զţ뽣һͳΪħǣɽ˷ħаնĴ˵
νˮ飬¾һ̵
Ľ죬һ߽⣬Ϲͥ칬ͥЩ޴һðյĵڣҲ𽥵ʷ̨µģֻڹżϵĴ˵
ĵڣɽߣǵĴڣԽΪ˹ע
һָͬĻɽϣȻߵĿ磬ȻֹͣӰ֡
Ҷȡ纺ơʥ뷽飡
ϻġڣնֻ߽ӽУǰһֶ̻죬ת˲Ҷȵ˾ɽϡ
ڣҲҪʮУڴǧͼ£ͨȻսϣֻ͵ˡ
ħһھ磬аĿ⣬˷ǵһϻģֵطϡȴ鱦УϻĲʺУԵڣȥܳΪɽǿڡ
ಣ
Ҷ˲һ֮С
ŷȥʧһĬӦϻϢ
һ֮󣬳ħݹ¼ţϴ󣬵ϻҲǴ޵磬ǿղϴ㲻Ҫ޿ܴҲѴǧͼ
ֻᵱȻŹȽϻ֮ؿӦò֮ͻᴫ
ҶȿˣȻһͬɳļžɽϻ硣
֮ǻҲЩȻĽҺܿͼ˴ޡ
ʵ޲࣬ȴкֱܴΪޱޣӵиߵǻۣҴɱΣеȷ棬ԶԶԽޣɽ磬ȴдǿڡ
ҶƣδԴ޶֣һͷͷû˼˴ޣһЩ֮£̺ŨҵʯɶǺñһЩƷʯҲڵصءš
;УһЩʿ
Щʿߣһϻʿʵϻ֮أʱʲôرأһЩżʿ֮䣬гΨһľʿĽ̡
ΪҪġ
ϻϡɽ磬˲ǸˣΪĽչɱ
ɽ磬˲ɱΪ˱
ȴΪ˽
Ȼһ򣿣
ʮ֮ԽһƬ߻ԭ֮󣬾ȻһСĳ򣬳ǰ
ֲ٣ħа̡塢ͳͳУٺ٣ϴ󣬿ĵȷǸĵطȥ
ƺ֣Ҷ纺ûзǳƴͷ˷˳֮С
ͬ½ǣûȡκηá
ǣ
ӣһ񣬳ڼǰǸɭɭ꣬һϢΪ죬Ȼĵȴ·ǻŵһ㡣
Īʥ
ҶȺȻһˣ۳ƹӿУһʵĴڣһ鹫ߣһֵܡ
ʥˣϻ֮أϻȥ޽֮أǣֻǵʥ۵ĵطѣҪ֣ѡ˵طȥ޽֮ذɣ
֮ǰҶƻ⣬ߺȣ֪һӣܾۼôֵԭ
ҶȰʥ񣬰Ѵ˼Ժ޽֮أҪģҶȺȻһ̾ʥڣʵǴﵽԲܳΪ鹫ӵֵܣȻ츳ˣ۳ƹΣˣ
˼˹䣬ɽûжٲֻûнϴó׳овࡣ
ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬һϢһҶǰ
ҶץסϢ⣬ն촫Ϣ
λ
ҶҪӦʱһΪͨձĻߣһ˺棬õͳ˻Ƶһ䡣
ǰ
Ҷȵתһһʩ
Ҷӣ
ձĿ⣬һҶȵϣ·ʶҶȣЦݣһ
ҶȱȭʵǰҼҴ磿
ڲ棬ūȣū߰ɣҪʣﲻ桭ȵ˵طҲף
ձӣҶȵ˻ӻ֣ȻתӳڴҶơ纺ʥҲ첽ȥ


1200 ɱ
뿪ӣȻգϻȥ
һ֮ѽϻģƺȻҶȴϴΪͰ´ﵽ۷壬ɹ˲ٵĴڣ
ȷΪ
Ҷػ纺ǰһ֣ҲڰУӦΪֻܸӦڣȴ޷֪ΪҶϿƣܴңȻǴߣ׽ˣǴɷģע⵽ûƺⷽʽƹռ䣬ƺڻرʲôϢָоҾ鷢
ٺ٣Ҳ£ħЩȲһΨ²ҵӡ
ձߴˣʱֱ߷Уʱ߷УֲʱرܣҶ˺Ըоһݲ
λ򲻰˲飬ͽڼ鲻٣ūˣţ
ƺ߿Ҷȼ˵˼ڼٷУع˴
ɲʲôøоʣ
ⷬҶȼб鷢ͷʣʱޱ߶ȻƿءӦʼɵӣȻɢ֮ʱͻȻϢǰʮﴦǱš
ֻЫһ
ڸǰ֪᲻ᶯ֣ҪСģһ·ǵʱ׼
ҶȰѸӦϢ̴ˣһжʱ⣬ɫһ޳ҶȲδߣţߵΪԤϵںҪ£ֻͨӦǰԤ
˹ȻһŶصİԵǵڵĸ֣ЩϢڸı䣬仺ʧ
ԽԽҶȻӦһѸӦϢˣʱÿ˶־
ƺȻҶȴϴʵԸڸ֣Щѡ취ӿǵ
ηչλˣǵûʲô£ֻͨڸ֣˵ûв޷ģ˺ǿʵ˸ǧͼ׽ɣ
취ҶȶԸְ취ɲһ֡
취ʱóƵòЦ
ˣ
ȻҶȸӦǿԼ˲ƵٶȣͷŹΧѹ
ţ
ǰձߣͻȻ̧ͷһѾӰֱѹ
ǡ
߲δתƺҶ˰Σת֮ʱҶ˲ˣϢһˡ
¡
ͬٲձڿռ䣬ͳͳ𣬲
һȺӣ
ͻȻձֳǿӼ澳е״̬ͻȻһ֣ץȥʱʼŭ顢߽⣬ͬʱ𶯵ĺ󷽣¸ֳ
ĸ֣·ר˴ɱ֮ͬһĵߡ
ǰģû£
ƿձߴһɱûȥ֣ڴҸ߿գѰҶ˵ټ
ͬڵĸ߿գҶȻȻֳڸ֣γһСӣҶؿձߣһݶ߻ӻ֣ʾ⼸û¡
ձ˲ɫƽϢ
ħһЦڨڨ֣ƻԭڵǿߡͷӣȶԸһϴסһնɱ
ϷѾûɻˡϧľ˱Դô飬һҲʹˣã
ձͻȻһֳߵİһâ
ಣ
ͬʱҶƷֱڸֱ֣ͷһɱ
ٺ٣
ħʵʹﵽڣ뱩¶ʵԶɱǿߣһȭӭȥ

ȻһȭԷ£ͻȻץָͬצӣųħԾ֮ʣʱӳ
Բϣ֮ԣ
һҶȴһԷʹһƣֱӸɢ׾٣ȻҶȱȳһأǺ¸֣һ䳰ȷһɱ
ӣ
һ棬ҶȱҲȥ
ΪҶߣʱһҶϷ
ٿ
ڵĵҶϷ紩ưΰҶȵɽҪһ
һҪҶϣƾĶǣһ̣ҶһӾУ

Ҷʧգտʼ顣
ڡٶȣΪһУɱһٸҶȵĺˣڵƺôҲ벻ͨ
ɣڵȷǿɱңҲľ׮ӣȥǻˣֲɵӣת˲ҶسںȻһС
Ҵ
Ȼ䣬ҶȵĿƽȴУ͸ųԽǿߵİǺ˲ȻŭƷŭʨӣʩչڵͨ
һ֣ĵضǣգȻƯԵѳԽڵͨ
ôȷǿͨޱ޼ʣ֮޴һɳأ¶Իڵ¡
ҶһԼѾ絶ǵĸ߿֮£Ѿ޴ӣ쵶ֱ䣬бʽƴһԽҶ룬ǰ֮壬ûӦΪҲ޼¡
쵶ʱҶȴ߶ʡ

δڵ£ҶȾʧԭأһӰѡ
˲֮
վڵâϿյĺˣԽ𾪣ʧɫٶȣҲ޷ȼ磬ͻȻоûӡ
ٴи
Ҷٶȣ޾ͨҲٵ׷ȥͬʱ˫һ֣ĵܲҶϿգֱҶ޷ݵš
κε𣿾ͨҲȲҵٶȣٶ֮ǰκǿġ
ҶͻȻԾգ۾뿪˹λȥ֮⡣
׷ʹͲţһߣܷ죿һӡĵγһ㣬ҶΧգϵѹȶ
ϧ̫򵥣Ҷܶιк⣿Ҷ𣬾ͲӰת˲ںգС
ŭڣðɣġ
ͣ
˴ɱδ˵꣬ͻȻһǰ£һձߣǰ
˲ķȻӺͷ­Ϸ룬˳ƶ£Ѹȥˣ˲룬Ԫ񣬶ڵ֮С
ϷȻˡ
ձҡҡͷȻһӰǳħʬ壬һһħͷһھȥƺûԱŶӡ
ɽ˲ųһʤˡ
ƺձߣȫûϵСҶƣȻһնɱڣһٶȳԽڣƵϣ̾Ϣ
Ҷ纺顢ʥձߵǰƲ˴ɱҪȡȨһ⵽ܶ谭Ϊ󣬲˭ڣҲֻгֻһǾǴ磡
ǸӵģϷʱҲǺһ绪ï졭Ǳþ뿪и鷳
ձƺ˵ʲôֹȻ¶طǰ
ϴ󣬲ˬ⼸̫Сˣģ˿ʼȥħһֱҶ˵ʲô
𽥣ձ߰˴һƬľ޴ɽɽ֮С


1201 նˣҶȵɱ
˳ɽȥɽ͸ŻļŵϢһɽڲ֮¡
ûκһһľҲûУ֮أԿйµĴӡӡڲͬɽɽ֮ϣĿģΣ˵һǿ̾š
ձʩչһӡûʲôʵɽ£ͻأسֳһҶ롣
ڣȻһɽ
һɽһɽ֮ϣɽɽ涼ͱڣͬǣȻκ塣
ڹɽ֮ϣһ۾ͼһϵ¶
硭
ɲǼ䣬磬ҶȾ͸ӦնϢǹ¶͸
ѾǧˡǹȥɣձȻӣϵգƺͬΧɽĻļţںһ壬һС
㣡
ħʱһƺۣնϸܣҶѡĬ߷¶
¶ͨɽ࣬Ǻܴڱȼˣո£ҶȾȲɽڣҲϡ
ǡ
գۼ䣬˽ɽʱڳˣҶƣôҲû뵽ټն죬ģ
ֻɽգƯһϴ󣬴᲻ƣ·һ󣬶֮УȻһʧȥ֡ɼǵ˵꣬·֪ʲôˣۣǡ
Ϊ
ȻһѪģʧȥ֣գȻɼҶҹ˼ն졣
˶Լ˫ۣħ𣬼ְҶȵ磬˵ϴ侲㣡
Һ侲
ҶȵԵ˿Ȼһ𽥵ڿգûκα飺˵˵˵
ˣƣǵŰɣҪȥ֪һҲȥϱ纺ס
ϴ󡭡壬նֵģ϶ζ
ƽʱǸѱʧǵģɱ˭ӣҲҪùˣ
ֵܡ
֮УҶ̲ס΢һ˫ۣȻ󻺻նһ˺ۣɼǣ˺ۻ綾֣ȻڻָٶЧܲԣһۿȥնһģʱᡭ
ǣնȻûۣѾ˶촽Ѿ¶һЦݣһ
ϣȻ¶ؼ¶
磬ʲôҪ˵ʲôҲҪ룬ҺͳˣʲôǶվߵģǰΪ룬ͺúϢһжҪ룬ֵܿ
ҶȲδȥΪ֪նԴԾӣ縸ĸǺܼǿһ鿸룬ҲԸԼ׵ˣ⸱ģ
ն뷨飬Ҷ᲻֪
ҶҲ֪׵ˣǵģԸһˣеһС
νӢۡǼįġ
ΪӢۣҪеĹ¶ΣںڰС
Ҷûжһ֣תһձǰձƺҲ֪ҶȵԸתŹȣ߳ɽҶơ纺ʥϾ͸˳ȥ
ȡ
⣬ҪҶȼˣʯǰ£˭֪ձ̲סһ㣬ȳһѪ
ǵزǡ
֪֪ʲôʲôǣ˵ˣҲҵʬǡȻūο֮·Զ⣬ʵУͨУеҪ
ūĨĨǣȻҶȼ£ǰ͹ʯ£ϵϣ¶Υ΢ЦūһֱصĵطūǸĸߵū˰ԪһֱڰУػϧū񣬾Ҳϲֻʱȷ˳ѣô
ħʱһ𼱻ǵģͷӣҼֵܵô¡
ˣҪżūô꣬㰲ǣ
ձƺӳħǸģһѹǰҪȥõѿԪ񵶣׵õڵΪµԪ񵶣һԪƿȥѰʱû뵽Ԫͱѣڼ飬ȥˣһ뱳ѣһͳͳ䣬ǿµıӳһūȻͳ⸱ģ黹ݣӦĵǿߣһʧˣеĻͽĴѰ䣬ūĴȻܹϣǵҲйϵĴڣ֪ūĴλã㴦ӣѰū䡭
ѾūеԪԪӹŹ˻ֻ˵̫أұڼ鰵㣬˸־綾ūѾȬձƺ˵һ£ûжٶݣƺеһС
磬ڳʸ֮ģҶƽ꣬һ䡣
ǵģڿڵûһ˸ҵµҪһǧϻģϵλѲתǬѲܵתū̾Ϣ
ʲôƨڣ̵ģϴ󣡡
֪һƣϣŭֱС
ĵˣҵĵˣıģֻһˣ˴磬κҲȡ
ŭŭѹģҶȿһֱδ䣬ͼǧˣֻննǸǿ֮ˣֲ֪֪Ҫܶٴ
ūվӣָǰɽǿɽԼ꣬Щ棬ͻҵ
ħͻȻаһЦҶȵϴǲҪ𣿲ǰϢй¶ȥȻǣպնֵҲҪ㲻˵ת鶦ҪܶĻˣɱЩˣ㵶ڵһֲ
취ܺá˭֪ҶȾȻ˵ͷ
ٺ٣;취ãȻնֵܵˣ֣֮Ǿ٣Ǿͳͳֵָܻǧˣһ
ȻԽԽãһͳڣҲҪЩȰѴռ䣬ǰϲô¡ɲ
Ҷ˾ĿᶨԳƺúýһ
ಡ
ȻҶ̴߶䣬ʮ˶ʱӿǰձߣþ
Ҷ纺ɽڴڵʹֵܣ֮Уõ׹ףӵԷ޵ֵõת鶦磬㲻õģٴʱһԵϵ֮λ

һ⣬زסգۣͰѴն죬˾䣬ԶҲΣա
οԱһ٣纺ȻſҶҼޣһֱڳ˯ƺһ޷ѣֻҶȿԡ
Ҷȵʩչ󣬵ǲףвڸ֡纣ҲҪڰΧȷƻɹ
纺ͷЦҲЩܼ¡
˶ԴҵֵܣȻúõĶԴǣһްԣһķԴ磬ôڣǵĵˣΰλ֮·ͬѰȻҪҪɵƯƯ
һеõȴָ֮˵ת鶦Ҳÿˣ
ĬеҶȣͷԺļƻ뷨


1202 ɴ
Ҷ纺߳ɽձߣڽУ顢ʥžһɫµغ
ôҶȱ߱ʵ
ħŹЦһɷֺǺǵģϴ󣬲ˣ׼ʩչɴ󣬰ƬɽںУȻͿϴʲô뷨
ɴɴ˻ĵͨãͨ
ɴ۵嫣ɱ칬ɼһߡ
ҶȵͷͬȻǽڴУһǶת鶦
ת鶦ǿϸԪɵϹŷձߴҶ߳һֱ𾪡
Ҳǳӵɴ۵ɴ˭Ϊͬʱڵǿߣ᲻֪
Ҷֵת鶦ʶ㲩ߣٴһ𾪣ƺûϵҶƻ˵ء
Ҷ߿ȥŹǰ۹棬ת鶦ȷϹŷеõպΪ
ֵܣڤڤ֮עġձڳ˿
ϴǿʼɣŪô󣬱ͷӳȥһ⣬͸͸ŵȺ룬һȫΧɱڴˣɴɲǿЦģɴʮ·˾նɱ칬ٸ֣һڣǿҲ칬ȣͷаĿ⡣
Ҷȵͷ䣬ƷϻɽϿա
ת鶦һͨɴ۵Σչ󷨣ЩˣΪͨת鶦ͨȫġҲѴϢͷͨڣЩ˽У
̾׸߿գ·ټĻɽһ֣ҶѾ뷨ͬ½ż֮УҪһͨħõһһܵնϢС
ٺ٣򵥣Ȳɴ۰˴ɱǰڱ
ƶʱ趯˫֣ӿϲȻ˫ֱӱ⣬ɨ޴ĻɽһԲεĿռ䣬漴ӳ˫ֽӡУ˵໥ظӳ֡ؽٿռС
뽨ݲ࣬Ҫ
սͨӿ֮Уһʱ䵶⽣Ӱɱڣһ񣬱̺˸ֹ
õɴ۵ƵɴҲףʱһȥڼҶҲٻת鶦顣
ת
ˣ
һΨΨŵŵսսʱӿ֣һ꣬Ų־壬Ҷ⣬Ҷǰ
Ҷǰһء
Ҷǰ
תȻ֪ҵԺʵʵΪЧһʶԶʧת鶦û㣬Ҳʹãҵڶ෨У㲻ϣ
ǿ󵽳ԽڴڵתҶȲûһ˿Ϊ뷨
ʴӵõһ̣ҶҲδȥ˽ֻҪ֪ӵת㹻ǸҶҲмһˡ
ԴʱǿתǰҶ
ǣˣѾ
ħڵתѾҶȵδзӣҶ˵ĺܶԣӡ
Ҷصͷ΢΢ЦǺãҲʲôѪıӵҵӡǣû˿úɴˣͳͳ룬ȻתҪҵֵܣ
ǣˣתһ׵
תٴι¡
ৣ
Ҷ̴߶ת鶦Ϊһ⣬ųͷŵ˲·ѾεĴ֮С
ǿת̸ȥ
պûһǿߣūѾ;ƿݣĨɱ־ҲֻܶԿͨڸ֣תԶԿڡɹһٵĴڣת鶦ǿԽκˣһӵױȵ
תһǿߣתȥ졣
ɴȷ˵ɱ󣬻ۡУǱǱɱֻǳʵһأǴﵽںڣɹ٣ôɴ󣬲еԿ칬£
ҶȸȥɴѾɽһת鶦ѾƯɴͨתУϳͷŵӡϸıϢƺɴѾϡ
ϴǽȥΣٺ٣
һȥʮʱ⣡
ʮڳ˵̫΢ħͻȻʮֵҶߣҶȽɴ֮С
ޱȣﵽںΪƽ⣬Ϊֻбһ³ʵڣۺɴﵽڵĸ߶ȡ
ӡǣ
֮Уƿյųƴ߶ʱһɹɻɱӡı˿ռ䣬Ϊһռ䣬ÿһռ䣬Ȼһɱӡռʱըһжɢ
ռ䣬Ҳӡɣȫ߶ô˲ը֮е˻ʣͳͳΪС
ɱܣ
һش߶ӡǣʱӴ֮У߳飬ɱĿܣһȻﵽڡ
ɴ󣬹Ȼ
д󷨣ٽ٣ҵôҲϵܵĴ磬ֶΣʱûʲôǾ޴ƣ
Ҷȼ֮ͨһȻħɳ纺ձߡɽ档
ǰھ鷳ȥһˣ¶٣ѰѴϢɢɴ֮УѾã͵Ҷ϶ū˵
ãū֣
ūɣ̻ΪһϢʧȥ
ҶȵȴϹ
һȣ꣡
ϻһƬǵһɽûйֻĶߣоɽÿһɽһ󷨣ÿһ󷨣סŵڵʿ
ʿڸУΪ̤߲󷨣ճΪǿߡ
ɽ֮Уһͻأƶ˵ľɽ
ɽֱһ޵״ɽµ֮ϣ󷨣ǧ򣬶Щпռ䣬ǹޱߡ
ɽϷռ䣬ǵڵĽأҲΪʥĵطΪֻеھ֡Ԫ̤УѰĵʿڸ֣޷̤Ϸ
֪ʲô£Ȼ·Χ󷨣һߣԼʮˣһΪס
֮УƯһ͸յĹߣ̷빬֮С
ڣۼʮλߡ벿꣬ڹϷһλ꣬Ŀʮ£ͷһǶװεİԵۣһװΣƺһһ󷨡
ڵڣֻܴۡ
꣬ȻѾΪڵ֣Ͽɡ
ȻᣬѾ˲ֺ룬ϻͯƵģû˵ķâȴ߲еĲ䡣
һĴڡ
δ
Լ죬нλߡ
һߣ档
ǼƽʱԱƥ򣿡üͷһ壬¶ȻЦݣ΢΢һ
ǵģÿξۻᶼ٣Ը߽ŵ
갵ЦǲδõҪѣ棬˹͹ҡβ


1203 ʮ֮һԫ
ЩߣޣϷ꣬ϢΪޣӦκ
Ǹ֣
ƺޱȼɵ˵û˸ҿڲ漫ΪϿᡣ
һ֣ԱһߣĮȻʵǼ̣Īǻ뱾ȥǲɣ
ǾŵʮЩͯһ붼һĴڣȻӦڣȴмųӥ˫ۣ·Ҫ׵ڲơ
ȻǲǻڿʼĺȻ䵽㡣
ðɣϾǼǾŵʮףյڹأش飬ÿһ˳֣
ʲôãʲô˼֪İɣ󲿷ˣվߣ֮ĵλһɣұǲ룬ҪƿشȨúܲңЩɧߣһգԵ³
ǣ
һ̹תнλߣǰʮλߣͣפĿ⣬ּ鿪ʼ
ڵһƬѻȸ
λǰǰʱ䣬ն죬Ȼˣֻһұ۶ѣ֮ǰѾ֪նµ䣡
ƴޣþһ㣬ڳߣһÿһߣҵڷɢ˶꣬һ䣬Ԫʧɽ֮УʲôϹͥ칬ΪɽǿǵأûУڲĵһͳνȰڣκ棬ɷŹκηԵڷˣҪλѡɣõʮϵͬ⣬ѵĿǰ˽ϹӸӣ
ʮɢ꣬вٵߣɽķҪҵЩˣõǿ϶н֮λ
Ϸ˵꣬Ŀ¶ɫһߣ򵭵վŶһݾ⣬µ
վһߣѵõҵϿɣ֮ʵڲֻһʽˣô࣡
˵Ҫʽ
΢΢ǣڱϵ˫ۣ𽥷ɣˣЩȰһԣδն棬һµδͿλǰԸҵڵ£ãŴԸ£
ߣΪδ룬Щ궯ȴŷѵڵ˼ȥӵǸܵն죬Ǹͣͼ̳е֮λ񣬳Ϊ֤ܣҵͳ£ָܻ֮£
˵ĲɱãɱҲɷţ
Ǿѹǹ̷ڣ
Ѷǻ棬ȥάն죬ôǶʿĲЩˣŵδǱҪ쵶ն飬桢ɧӣͳͳѹϧնɱ
Ҹͣ
Ҳû
λˣ붼б̬վһնУͽҡ谭ڷչ·ϡ
ȻնѳΪʸ֮ġ
ǿնָʧܣάն죬ڴ֮£Ҳ޷Ҵƣ޷㡣
ǰʮУȻվһλͬ൶״װƷĳߣһЦȻλûκ飬Ǿɱ棬κɧ

ʱվ
˫üƽζ˵һ䣺ȻǴҵ˼ôҲֻܰմҵ˼ȥ£ϽٷּһλǰΪǰȥ׽ն죿
Ȼ䣬߶֧ԡ
ǰʮλӪ󷽣һǳɫµߣվɲĿⶼϣǰȥδڱƣʱʱھǸϻطնͬʧܣǵ棬ΪûЩ߳棬ΣҪնƣ
ϣ
վ˵֮󣬺߶һݾ⡣
ΪǾŵʮ֮Уʮλ֮һĴڣҲǵǿ֮һƿһͬɽκһһŵ
Ϊԫ
ϼȻԸǰȥξͷ𽵹󣬰ϲö֣űǣն첻ǿ֮ĩʲôˣʧȥұۣϲΪκһڵӣץס
¶ϲЦݣƺû뵽ԫվ
λϷȸǡ
ԫ¶תȥ
עӵĿ⣬ȥ
һȥץն죬ھıˣ
ңԶһļŵĴɽ֮У
һ󣬼һֱڰ
ˣһǧһٶˣˣİˣڡжʮ𣡡
Ͽգһŷӡ֮УҶȡơ纺ձʮˣƯС
ȴ֮УҶͻȻۣޱ߸ӦѾӦǧ֮⣬ȻƯһǿƣĦγһɲͬϢ
ϢҶ׾͸Ӧ仯
ٺ٣ڿ˺֣նֵϴˣȫ𣬾ȻɳԸ
ЦˣЦУϤħһŭ
ձһ̾·ɽϴ뷴ܵ˱ڶֻûдϹŶ
ɼϴΣ˶ôĿġ춯صս
һȫȼҶеŭն첻ʧȥұۣһˣڻھڣӲдţҶĿԽر䣺ǵκһҵĵߣҵĵˣƣҪģʮǿߣмˣںڣֻɫҡһϢȻںصͷǸǿߣɾ߾𡭡
ձߺ𺳣ɾ߾ɴǸʱڣµ֮һǵĴڣȻУҲֻôʮһݣôпܣγһŵʮϹŶ
ŵʮ򣡡
Ҷȼͬʱһ㶣ŷֶԵڣǸûж˽⣬ʹãȻ֣˵ҪԴ
ںܴ󡭡
ձ߻Ҷȡƣһɣһݽδеڣǿߣͷĵߣγһڲգݱ䣬Ϊ˶ʮ߹ɴССѾɢʮ߹ɴǾŵʮڣ˾ŵʮ벻ٵСеϻģǵǵһҲδҡȻЩ꣬һֱʧʵһֱز¶ߣѾ뿪ڣ
ڹȻۺ񣬳ԽκɵţֻϹͥ칬֮¡ֲôһͳ֮·ʵ֣Ҷ󾪺ڵȷ̫ǿˣԶ
֪һϣһλϡձһӵؿԶûеɱһڴ
ħһڱصõģҶɭɭ˵ϴ󣬼ڵôɴסǣ˵ϣЩ֣ǿߣһУͿҵɴ󣡡


1204 ĺ
ǣǿȻҲڣȴǶɹٵĴڣһһʽһǿ޷ƥеġ
ȷһ⡣
Ǹǿߣɾ߾һǿô־ͷҶܿģԣ⣬һжС
ǺΪɽͷԭ
˲Ϣ䣬ҶƶĬˣǱƻúΪնѪϴһǿУƻԶϱ仯ĽŲ
˵Σôˡ˵񣡡
ĺȻ䣬Աձߣ˫ۣ¶һҶƣøд빧ơ
ҶæǰһصǰвӦͨ壬ѾΪ˴磬̫ԪԼ˥ϣأʵȵΪΪǰı
ˡ
ձߣƺһ̣ͻȻֱĿ¶Զ⣺ȥһսķ䣬ұһˣģ£ظ࣬˽ػѾΪ
תؿҶƣƲ棬Ҫ˳֮Уңߵǵڣݶ־ܳΪɽǿ֤ɵ뵶ڵıã͸ˣֵһжǴģ¿֤һУڵĵڣѾ֮ǰĵԸԽԽԶֻ˵־ػڣǸ߳һʱˣˣȻɹԼ۾ỳԼĸоǾȥɵܴʵҲСǰߴ

գۣǰʣһӰ
Ҷơ纺ûзӦǺεȵٶȣ
ˣػǵֵܣǵļˣʧķɣΪһʿ
ձȻˣȴմ
ߵΪѾ붫ˡĿˡŵĳħͫϣҲȫһƬ塣
һ϶һӣػһˣֱȥ
Ҫ
Ǹɴҵǿߣɴʵ£Ǹձߣȴóƿ϶붫һĴڣֻһձˣȻʵ
ȥɡ
ҶȻۣǸӦȴ޵졣
ʱһϤįӰҶȸӦС
ձһУһѪֻգۣɽʱգվһƬļŵԭҰϿա
ͻͻͻ
ʱӰƣ̤ƶ
ضƱ䡣
ˡˣ˭أ
ձ߻ɫͫУ¶ҡĿ⣬ŵһǧ˵ʿǰȻֹͻȻЩʿĺ󷽡
ƥĪնͬ
ǰһԵˣ쳣࣬һһ֡
Ȼͬͳͳɱֻն죬˸ɱۣ
ৣ
ڸ֣Ӷ޵ɭ˵֮ͬʱձߣǵľ޵Ѿֲâ˲
һȺСආСˣȻˣ
˻رۣҡҡͷֱɱڸ֣ԽԽۿֻǧףȻǰףת˲Ҫɱ
ߣȻ


ѾҪǰʱͻȻһӿ˾Ͳ֪˺£ûһ£Ƭ̣ÿ˶ΪӰһû¡
Ӱ

ô֮䣬ǧ֣ŵĿ⣬ſǰձߣȻ޵оͷɱڸֶ֣óǺεȵΪ
ȥִԸ
һǧˣĸǰԵǿߣǣȴǰһûκĽֻ֣·һǲ
ǣ󷽺Ȼ߳ʮλͷһڵĸ֣룬Ծŵʮһλϣԫ
һ֣ڸ֣ŵǧˣƹձߣǰš
ʱֻʣˡ
ԫձߣ¶һСΥЦݣ·һ㣺Щ꣬ΪûˣһֱڰУЩ˷ӵˣѱǵŵԣ
ձҲûκε⣬ϤЦݣȴĮȻһˣһ£ܲףū˶꣬ſĵڣĹˣԫѴĵ򣬷Ǹν
ӣϷҪӣ
ȴı˵ŵԣڣǸһ£һͳϻģԿа̡ħ壬ĸ޵ӣǻſ֮ģɽ磬أ
ǱˣҪ˳ŴƶΪҲʵǲ뿴װȥ˵һˣҲʵǰúõػȥƽʿǸãΪηҪֳЩٶѰ·𣿡
ԣЩǿħµĵڵӣѰ·𣿻ԼץģԫЩˣѾ޷Щδ·ϵˣʲôǴƣ
ļ֣ҵļһֻǵķһѣԴԱһѹҵĵ֮У˭Ҳκβˣ
㱣ʵ֮ǿţһҪĨɱ߶ݿյϷƴȫֹһС
ձ˵仰ؿԫУûаԫˣԫͻȻѡ±ȻΣ룬ƼֻǱһͨĵӶѣôͻȻӵƿصڵ
ԫ˿˶ԼܣЩˣѵԶᱻ˳ԽһЩ仯Ź죬кֵܶĵطһУЩˣϣˣ֮λ˱ʵǺûмȥӣֺαǿˣ
ûȥ֪ĥˣҶᵽˣٵ飬õ죬ȥΪδ޷Ԥ޷Ҳ޷ɣԫȻ˵ˣͬʽҲͬôѡֵܣעҪֵԸֵȻЦȷʵˣ
ǵģҵķʽȥ֤δɣ

ԫձߣƶͨߣͻأ֮䣬жһâͬʱԭһ
ಣ
ʧ˲䣬ڿоҵ𶯡

գۣ˱ڸ߿֮УõâնԷ˫ڸ߿һγɾ޴ʮεâ
䣡
âײ֮ûʲô쳣֮һ̣Ϊģâײƣɽɽƣ𲻶ӡ
Χ޴ɽԭҰ׷Ϊ治ϵ飬ﵽ
ͷһУΧﷶΧڵһʡ
˾ͷһҲ⡣
ԫ΢΢һЦĵˣ
ձҲһЦûǷݲɣĵҲûбҷȥ
𣿡ԫһ
꣡
ԭ˫âֲ£ʵ£ձߵĵâѷ죬ѷ֣ձ߻δüʩԫĵâԾձߵĵâȻһձߵء
ͣ
ձ߶ʱΪѪ⣬ţ챻
㲻㣿ԫüʡ
ˣôֵ꣬ܵĵ£ս˽ܱȲĶߺãǵĹޣ
ձͻȻ¶ͻЦݣһ̣ԫһâŲء
һУΪ


1205 նںϴѪ
޴Ļɽɽ֮ϣƯһֳֵâǿߣһͬʣ·ɽ
ҶҶ
֮ǰձߵǲ̤·һ֮еھͷѾиӦնϢ
ЩˡǱͷӣסˣ
ϷңԶУħؽɴЦҶ纺ûжɫ仯
ҶȵλǰǻزˡҪģ磬һµĵڣһµδ
ϴ󣬰ȥˣҪ֣󣬲һ󷨣ƺȻվȭͷ
ҶȵͷһȥƴôǧͼǵĹתƵɽʱգʱһУǲŻɴ󣡡
дǧͼɽռҲ޷⣬ĸʲôٺ٣ȥҲ
ƴŶʮˣʱ޵ط·գƺ
һᣬҶ纺˲ʧ
ֻգۣ˾ͳɴڲϷպǵһǧ֣Ƕʮھͷ
ڴǼΪﵽڵĴڣƶҶ˵ƣЩڵľͷͲʲô⡣
Ҷ̴߶ǧͼСǧСǧ׼ãϰɴһֽ磬γͨʱڵĹ󲿷֣תƵߵʱգ
磬ģС£ڻ£СǧֺǺǵڴ
ˣ
һӰ·֮Уɳת鶦飬ת
ҶߣʩͨѾ׼ãֻҪ̤룬ͻ뱾ĿƣұֻҪǶɹ־ǿߣѹ
׼ñɣȥҵ»ϣҶ֣ǿתˡ
ͻͻͻ
һ𶯲񷡢˺ѿռ½֮Ͽմ
Ҷ纺̧ͷһڸ֣ͷųһɹɵâΪһɴ󣬴ֱӳɴ
ڣܸӦɴĴڡ
ͨ
ɴ˲䣬Ҷ˫Ž磬͵һ֣ʱյĳƣͬʱƴ硣
һɹ޵Ŀռͨʱɴ󣬿˵ɴںˡ

ˣ
ֲɴݺһ𣬷·Ҫһ㣬ֳʼҡڡ
Сǧȥ
磬Ѿ״̬Ҷ̴߶ͨݺݵק֮ͨС
𺳳ֳ
ɴڣһǳУγһͨ·޾ϴһƶޱߵذǳ֮С
Ҷͬʱ΢΢һڴǧͼʼ߶ǳڲʱתƵ֪ηңԶʱȥˡ
ֳ״̬
ͻͻͻ
ڸֿʼһȻӴ󡢿ֲƵޱһΣɴ۽翴ʧ١
˲֪ǿĶǼһеתˡ
׽棬ն죡
ɴʧЩǿߣ֪󷨣ûձ޷ǺһӣͳͳС
ʣһˣ뼸ڵǿߣƯ棬ɴΧԤһ塣
ˣһҪһӻ⣡
ħ֮Уƿش֮ž˽ڲ
Ҷȴʱ纺ʧڽ紦ͨʮ󷨷У봦󷨣ﶼΪͨͨ룬ת鶦
Щڸ֣Ҫһ··ɴУնղ֮ͨΪյ㣬սᡣ
ˣ
Ҷ纺ת֮ͨڣʱֳ
ֻҪͨģһҲҪŹȥı𴦣ĨɱһˣҶȶתһٴǣ纺ɴ룬һƯڰյĴǰ
ת鶦һ纺󶦣һ䡣
Ҷǣת鶦Ϸֻڵתʥˮ·ݽ˲٣ħ͵壬˴󲿷ֵ
磡
źȻһԹ⻷ֻһѪģն죬ʧȥұ۵ļĲȻ޷˫ۣǷ·֪ҶҪΪʲôϳһЦݣȻ˵ѾҶȵ⡣
Ҷȴ߶նһŷӡת鶦ӣתʥˮ֮С
Ѫ⣡
Ҫǿ
ҶֻһնʹѣֻǿΪնǿ
ǡ
׼ѸˣʣĴѪ⣬˲ץҪһնںϡӴĴԽҶơ

Ѫ⻺ӿ֣Ҷȷһץһɹɷ𣬴Ļ棬Ѫںϣ޾Ҷն춣һ磬ŵ㣬Ҫߵںϵڣ
նû˵Ҳδж󶯾ϣȴ޾İ꣡
ͣ
𣬸ոհնʱϣֳʹɫȻѪ⣬ʼȼգʶ˲ʧ
ˣ˵ޣȻؼ䣬Ϊģ
նûкһѪ⡢𽥵ػΪѪˮҲδһƺκʹ࣬ľġ
ãնΪһѪˮ֮壬ߵѪ⣬ʱնڣܿͼնľ֮СѪ֮УĹӰߵֳˡ
ȻӵдնҪܵʹ࣬޷
ұۣǲżЩʿˣǵȻͬ졭壬ħ𶼿еں֮󣬴Ҳӵǰ
һ壬ħʱż֮Уץ˶ǿߣˣһߡ
ҶɭɭЦˣҲҪΪն죬һ壬תָԶԶԽˡ
ʲôط
նϢץն죬ͣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȿƷΪնںϴѪУͨһ
ȻһˣͲӵƶϡﻩת鶦֮ڣһһ
ȫǿߣת鶦һ̣һǿߣҲ޷жֻ΢΢ǻ֪վȻøͨת鶦
ϧת鶦ôΪת鶦һ
ôˡ簡ҪΪǿ
ҶȼˣôˣΪ֣ôǶô棬Ȼն죬Ȼ¶ϲģΪΪѪ˵ն죬ɼֻնŵӰ
飬ж٣֮ࡣ
ޱȣعӰҶȡҪ١
ȻնĴԽҶն졣
û뵽ѪںϣﵽŨȣȫԽơǴߵԵ֣ƿȡȲϴôȻںϡ
ߣҶȻһһĨ翴кϵǿУܽնɱںϣǡΪµĴߣ
ֻһȣֻҪնǿһ֮䣬Ҷû뵽նȻԵ֡
նɱͷҲͻȻҶԺΡ


1206 һ
ߡͨߡ
ҶҪˣΪʡ
ԼߣնΪߣǸ绢
·ڤڤ֮УʣҶƽ
ҪΪߡ˵ļ򵥣
ĸҶٿȻ侲
һǬۡ໨ŴۡǰǿĴڣ׵õ
ǳʶѡ
ֶΣҶۼ֤ˣܰһŹںϣѪֳŴ֮Ԫ֮Ŵ֮һת
һ£Ǿ춯ء޷֮ͨ١
Ҷȡơն죬ҲҪﵽڣֿԶ񻰵ǿ߽֣ҪնɱҲס
磬ںϴߵʲôõģվ𾪣
Ҷն죬纺ģػն죬ʲô䣬纺Ҳܱն졣
Ҷȣ򻺻վת鶦Ϸһ⡣
Щ⣬תת鶦ƷţҶҪתЩǿߣһѹתʥˮ֮У߶תʥˮ֣塣
˭
ŹǣΨ𣡡
ҶȽת鶦룬ϰٵǿߣҶȣ֪ƿߣ׷׿ʼЭͶ
ܲɣһҸҵݣǶ
СԺնǸѪģӣҶȹһɨˣǵֵܣ
ʲô
ǣԸֻˣĸΥֻӣ
նֵܣնǵĵˣôҶȻҲǵĵˣڶն죬ôǶҶȵĵˡ
֪Ҷݣÿˣ͸ˡ
ɻڣӦñҸ˭Ǿ˭֪ȴһӬӪǱΪ飬ǻǰܣɱˣɱǣҲûʲôо˯ɣ
ҪҪ
ҪҶȵĴ磬Ҳɱ˵һڣʮڣҲҪһߣתʥˮ
ʱҶȲٿЩˣ˫ִһӡƾתʥˮʼӿ˳ʼһʿתʥˮ֮С
תʥˮת鶦Ĵߣռʮ峿¶ҺǳˮҺƶɣĸˣǾ鷳ˡպЩˣתʥˮһ壡
Ҷʩ·תʥˮʼڣˣѾʧȥ־תʥˮɡ

ȻǼˣͨת鶦ҶɲǼ䣬Ϳʼֻ֣Ҷ΢΢һգۣһתʥˮѼ˲·
½£ڼ仹мڸ֣
ɴ֮⣡
е㲻ԾȥˣûһϢĪʲô졢֮
ǿߣһٶ֣ȴգûмһʿûնκϢ
ƺһУʯ󺣡
̫ˣǸϿ֣߶״ݻȻҳն죡
һͻȻΧ˵
ã
˶ʱץһ񵶣һ󵶣Ȼռһ·ɴ󣬱һ
̵ģ⼸֣ɴ󣬳ܲסʮУ顭
ɴ£ħоԾڸ֣ʱɫøϴ󡭡
Ȼ첻µز£ȴվű˴
ʮУһж޷֡
ת鶦ڣҶһ⣬֪淢֮£ˣǧˣһ֣ˣڣʮǿߡǼȥǸūֵߣʹ鷳ˣ
ˣ
һṦתͨϷ
һôѾˣ뱾ҵڣҶת
תûһ֣ʵʵҶ˵ȥܿ죬ת鶦֮ڣҶնתʥˮ֮У̯ɲǣ޴ת鶦ʼСΪԹâʧġ
纣ʱ뿪ˣҶת纺һ
ȻһħӰŶʮɱڵģ˿˿ӡľˣ󷨽
ƶʱЦϴѾԴ߶һըһϢʧ
Ǻãܱʣˣǽ˵ǳȥ֣Ҷ˵꣬һֳָˣʧ
תֻۣص߿յգ·ɴʼڸֹòʧȥâɴΧɽԲڼֹ£ͳͳɽɽ飬ΪһƬ档
ֱҪһʣ
֪ūҶȺȻһˣձߣҡҡͷһ£ܲˡ
䣡
·زϳ٣ι֮ɴ󶥶Ѿ飬ֲ֣ͣŰˣɱС
ٺ٣
˴ֳɴ󣬳ħ𻺻˫ֺһĬȻ˫·ɴͻȻһ
¡
ɴͻȻڲⲿ磬һɱըըâʱһУըƣ̼죬Χ棬ɢ֪ӶٵĽܵ
ըƾҶڸ߿գҲڲ
֮Ȼ֣ͲܷŹһǼڵǿߣӦòǰʱ̣
ħ𷢻ħԣ֮ɱȥ
ৣ
ȻӴըʧɴ󲻼ˣӣǱӰ˳
ӣ
ħԾȥһնһѪʧȥڸ֣֮һأʬȴƣʱֱȥˡ
˿̣Զ֮ңĻļգ
棬ߣսеķ߿ա
ˣˣ֣ʱҵĶ֣ҸǶô˻ζ
ǰϾǶȥˣ
ˣһûлڴըУȴѿʯࡣ
һձߡ
һǿԫ
ձūȫ˺ۣͷˣ඼ˣ൶˿ƻ˸
ԫֻǺ󱳣һĵۡ
ɼԫǿһ֡
ձ߳ɢ¶˫ɫ˫ͫѪ˿ûʹ࣬еֻڴЦݣ˵ȥնɱħŭʱǻǲսǵһսûеڵǰֻǼΪոմﵽڵ
ǵãһսǶԸħŭĸֵܣʣҡʱ˵ҪԶӵڵ־ħɹ٣̤׷Ĵڣ
ԫͻһЦһֱգֵҼǵ㵱ʱ˵ҪһȻһոŵӣȻɵǰǵ־־ȥȻǾ͡ȥ磬ֵܣ𣿡
죬ձҲûлش
ԫۣȻͷձߣ֪ʲôʱ򣬱ۣ·˯һ㣬ѪҲˡ
ֵܣǸϢˡ
ԫվһ֣Ȼһץ伸ķʣΪһ餣ձУȻͻͻͻأ˵֮С
֮£ɼʵֵܣҵһֱδ䣬һֱڵȴţȴĴߣһأҵĿ飬Ҳ㣬Ķȥ磬Ѿǵ룬ֻһϹͷţǵŴеһ죡
Һڴ
ԫһǰȥķ棬ͳͳΪ˳ƺδйս


1207 ǿն
ֻȻһ߳۵ԫһɣɴ󣬻Ϊ桢ĿĽ֮ϡ
ⲻǵôһصϢˣɽ
ԫ˫ͫͷųޱϵĿ⣬硣
Ȼϣ̵Ĵָ֣·غݺݵһץ
ͻͻͻ
ؾȻеʡɰ˲£·һֻ֣ƶط㣬˲乹֮ǰһȻɽ
ɽ۷ͷ
Ȼ϶Ϊһ컻ء
ڵ־Ӧóˡֻ˲ΰ׳٣ԫ·࣬תнԶȥ
ͷ
ڸ߿˫۾𺳿ԫղһ׵ֶΡ
ԫͨҲδӵߵĿռ䣬ڿռ֮УҶȡ纺ƯС
ħһ죬ҧݣͷȻ붫ͬ߶ȣǲǸͷӣȥشˣǿֻܻ
ǻߣǰë㣬Ƚռ䣡
Ҷ΢΢رۣ˾ͱһ԰ʧ
ռ䣡
̳֮ϣ
纺Է߿գҶ̳֮ϣһת鶦ֱӳԿռ䣬ոճ֣޷֣һҲ޷ռ
ҶʩչһıԿռ䣬ת鶦һϡռ֮УһһЩɵϢӿ֮ڡ
ˣת鶦֮ڣתʹתʥˮзɳҶǰòҶһ¡
Щڵʿˣδȫȡʩչͨ壬Ҵֱںϱɣ
ҶȴתΪһѪˮնϷƸһԣ岻ʲô֣ҶʱԸ
תʥˮƯʬ壬еĳΪʬڸãתʥˮһֱڷڣն죬һѪˮڻմתʥˮ
龻֣
һ龻֣ҶȽӡնϷתҲתʥˮ֮ʼն죬ӿն֮С
ʱƣնұۣʼֱ״ѪˮһɷһֱնΧնѪˮ֮壬˾磬ȫ͸һЩѪˮʼһϸ
ΧЩʬ壬ѪʧԽԽ죡
Ǵںϸõʱ̡֮ǰںϴѪ⣬ӵгԽҵĴڡͰݾԴںڴڣ
һֱڳ˼еҶȣüͷչ˫һץһһҴСľԴͷųҶ˫ѹԴ𽥵شնϷȥ
ӵдߵϾԴնǱԽľˡ
ֻڲſںϾԴǲһڣںϣںϣҲֻں΢
ҶȽۣڱӵиǿȲںһ־Դʱ̫˷ˣڽۣҶںϾԴﵽڵĸ߶ȣԽһڣΪߡ
龻ֵΪնںϾԴһں֮նӵеȻﵽһΪֲĸ߶ȣһ޷ӵе
ˣ
Դնһ̣նʼ΢΢𶯣·Ϊ޷ԦԴԴҪȥ
ʱ龻ֶʱסԴն죬Դʵʵնںϣ߼ԦԴҶȾߣ߶Դһնںϣն·о֪ǾԴӿʼ˶
ת֮תʥˮһת֮նڣնƯѪˮ֮壬Ѿ֮ɾڣһɽȻơ
ԴϢǳŨңһƯϵӰѳԽҶħǾ޴ĳɾ͡
ʱھڣ壬գۣǽȥ
ΪһɵΪ޷߼ֻѡһʺϴĵͼΪۣﵽΪƻָϴԴںϣʵӵڲ⣬ͻڣҲûжٵ⡭߼
ǵߣǾѡһž
ȥ
նѾҪָҶȼ֮󣬸ˣȻʼѰҪΪնһ
Ҷʮһ֣Ѿƽ⣬޷򿪣һ⡣
նںϴߡԴһ壬һʺϵľȣ
ֵܣо泩ѣȪƵġ
Ҷ˼ʮУѰһʺնʱն˿Ȼ
Ҷ˷ܵ磬㲻Ҫżתת鶦ߡԴȵںϣ
ãǴͺúϢնЦ
·˲ҶȻص˻ı䣬»ʧҶն֮꣬ʼûиı䡣
û뵽ͻƳۣҪʮߣԪ񡭡ڣܽô
Ҷȿʼ֮УÿһģԺЩ޼¼Ȼڲеٮٮߡ
һ¡
֪Ѱ˶ãͻȻƣԪɨģҶȻһ̱Ŀ⣺𵶾
𵶾
ȷϺü飬ҶȲŽ֮Уһŵ
𣬱ǻ𣬻д֮дŻϣ𣬾дϣ֮ڶԵصںϡ
һһƽ⣬գҶȿһš
𵶾ڵ·Ʒϰ䣬ʽʮְԵһһʽż֮УѰͻƣͻУһдأÿһʽ̺һһʽںϡ
ŹϵĹȥ棬Ǵ书ʼ൮֮δʲô棬ֻȥޣڹУ书Ȼѧѧݱ֮
𵶷ȻһʮֹϡԵ̺˹ϵѧ
ѧڷ磬ҲûʧҶҵ߲ȭȭȵȣ
𵶾Ҳ֪˾磬εġܳΪռԷǷȽײҪ߼࣡ܺã𵶾ʺϴָѡѪУ
Ҷ̿ʼƴ𵶾һһƽ⣬飬Ҳֵ࣬ϡ
ˣͳɹ
ҶۣתһֱԱߵȺ򣬼Ҷѣ档
תƵģҶȻվ
תشˣתƷֻ࣬ҪǿĿǰΪ޷Ǵﵽڣ
ûʲôˣرȥɣ
Ҷһ£תͻΪ⣬֮С
Ҷն죬նѾ죬һԣһ䣬òģնҶȣϳһһӵ
磬ʲô˵㻹Ҫܳʱ䣬մߡԴ壬һžΪ𵶾ҶȻһһԪΪƮնС

ն£ԪʱԶȶ
ҶͷһıնԿռһͨ¯ΪնṩС
նһ


1208 ɱж
ΪնлҶһԣƣҪָﵽ״̬ҲҪʱ䣬϶ȴмʮʱ䣬ʱȥһ칬
ٺ٣칬
ͫһĿ⣺̫ʼΪֻ֮ţֻ֮ţѹңʳҿ춼ڲ̣Ҫú㣡
̫ʼõֻ֮ţֻߣʣߴͬȸ߶ȣҪɱˣסҪ֣ҪһγɹԻ̫ʼеڶλᣬǽ칬ݣ̫籩¶ݣӿɲù
ãϴģħ侲
δɱƻǲκ˿ұıϢӡбԴѪͳʮ⣬һͷֳһΪʦǿҲڵڵΪ뽣ȼ磬ų뾸Ѫڸ֣ҳ֣Ͳ칬֣
ǵһɽ磬Ӧ뾸ѪԵˡȥɽ棡
ھռ䣬ҶƺúһȻһͬ뿪ռ䣬ϴ߶СǧӾɽϻɽ紩
ɽ֮䴩󣬱ͬʱմҪ࣬ɽ֮ž޴磬һصɽ綼һǿģӾش󵽰أǼ
Լʱ
ɽ磬һ嫵Ĳԭ֮ϣһͻأεضɽɽ֮ϣƯһɽɽĴ֣ԡ
ˣɽ
ӰֱӳɽϷ߿֮УҶƶһۣҶȾͷŻ龻֣Ӧڣ
ԭɽ磿
һӦɽ˷ҶȵĸӦԼҶȾµϢһ·٣ɽ硣
Ҷϴ߶Сǧֱ̤ɽ磬ҲǼɽ磬һģ޴ĳǳϿգӦϢҶ̷һԪٻ֮
ಣ
㹦һλŮӣӳǳطɳꡣ
ѿҴСκϢһࡢصζһƣΪѾɵۡ
ҶȸһƷʮ˽׿ܣԼٵķɽжԷչڿȥɽɳٶȣʮ־ˣΪɵۣɽƺҲҪɽ翪ɡ
꣡
δٺѣҶֱӵ⣬ꡢƯڸ߿գ׼ٻٻǹؼҪѪ
ٻ
Įӣӿ־ϲü֮䣬۽ʪ󣬶ʱղǸƣ˲ʧͬСŮӡ
ɼٻҹζٸ£
ҶƵ˰죬갲һҶȲżƣ׼ɱٻ˵ֱϵˣϲǿҪɱ칬һأ
һصЦӣģаϴڣһʦֶúվǰ칬ʲô
öˣɵΪòһݾ꺬ϲþ޷ƽ
Ǵһɽ翪ʼһɽѰ칬̳ҵʺϸٻǸ˵
Ҷȿˣ²ɣһɵףϴ߶ǧͼһǳ֮⣬˲ʧɽ硣
һɽ磡
ÿӷ棬ɴﵽĵһɽʱգ
һƬѩıѩʥ磬ѩɽۣ֮ƯһӲӵʥҫѩɽ塣
ˡ
Ҷŭգʧȥͽʹ飬һɱ˲֮С
ȥƺûиıʲô칬ȻʥƯҡҲ˿Ժ֡
ǸꡢǸ£ԶΪɽĴ˵

ˮ֮ѩɽ߿ӣӰƮŶëѩУʺһɫѩ˳ѩ磬칬ûκ塣
칬
üϣһ㱡ѩƽӼ칬ʱͷųѩҪơ
ӣҪŭ˿ϢɽҪܵǣǻƵģ
ħԱͬ״һ㣬аοһ
һסģôꡭֻҪٻܸһҶںųػһЦƱʧˡ
Ϥĳ棬ٻ֮ҵĴɱ칬Ҳԣʱδ죡ǵüȴ
ҶȻػӶ˫ۣͨѾϢȫɱΣһɽ磬ûгۣҲǵͽɵֻۣҪֱӹ칬ҶǾ԰ȫûܷϢ
龻֡
һѪҶһɲͬҶȵѪ
˫֮һߴСĻ龻֣ѪУȻ󻺻ؾƯڶëѩ硣
·Ĵѩ겻ͣز֪Ƕıѩ
ת˲ʱȥ龻ѪʧҶģҶȿ꣬ҡҡͷˣһɽȻû뾸صѪ
칬ִ߱ԲͬʱգǸϣҲһɽ磬ƾܳΪִߣһԸɽ磡
ħ˸ž˵
ǺãǾȥɽ磬ҾͲţһɽѰңҲǸˣҪҶɽ絽ɽ칬̳λü¼
ܿ죬ҶȴżУѰÿһع칬̳Ϣ˼죬մ󲿷֣Ȼ߶ǧͼ˶ʱʧڱѩ硣
ɽ磬һƯ칬һҫۡ
Ҷȡơ޵شһɽƬ߿գ칬ǧ֮ңҶǰǺ֮ѣҶϿʼ߶龻֣뾸ѪʼӦ칬֮еϢ
ǰʱ
м뾸һЩѪһǾĳԱѪǺŨȥɽһҡ
һӦ龻Ѫʧˣڳڴ£Ҷ¶һϲɫѸӦ뾸йصĴڣҶҪҵѪϢŨҵˣȻ⼸˶һ㡣
ಣ
һϢʧڶɽ磡
ʱ䣬Ҷơ꣬ɽһ·Ѱҵɽ磬ÿһɽ칬̳ӦԽԽ뾸йصĴڣ٣ˣ칬ӵְλͨ칬ִߡ
ɽ磬ҶʮϤɽ磬ڰɽй
ңԶʱգɳĮ֪߼ںδǰ޽
ڻɳգƯһ޴칬Ҫһɽ޴ΧĻɳ磬ƺγһȻ칬صȱ
ˣɽ磬Щɳ̺Ҳã
ҶڻɳֳͷžԴʱΧɳ㰲Ҷʩչ龻֣̺һѪ
ӣǰɽ磬ļһɽ磬Ͼ͵ˣ
ҶȸӦУԽȣ˼ϸһֱԱ߰
Ӧˡ
ͻȻҶһԾ𣬻龻ֲˣžϲˣһξȻӦһ뾸ѪйǿߴڣΪڣ
ڣû⣬ͬһֻ϶ѣɭɭһЦǸšԵħơ


1209 ɽ칬̳
ڡۣ
ħȻһӡţȴɫ䣬Ҳ֪۵ĴڣҲ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ɵۣԶҲ޷Կۣ
ҶûгǸ⣬һֱϸϸĿǰʺϵѡѪԽŨԽǿѪؽϣ޾ڰУ𣬾һͨٻٻĻǣնϾٻٻ׶ˣ
Ҫ𣿡һŭɶɲɱٻĳˣٴθ
ôӲҵƣٻˣϵһģƾһԽٻڻһܴ⣡ҶͻȻһƬڣԤϵɫС
ͬʱһǺټҶ־ֹ飬Ҷȶһءš˾κ鷳Ѳס
ȻٻһҶȶоֵĴ⡣
նɱȥһˣǲ֪еĸ֣δи뷨Ѿйжͨͨ˾𲿷ֻǣʲôǾվصôǸ𣬱㲻ܣһ𣬲ܸˣֻƿؾľѪɱǿ̣ڱʹŪͷͣһŭ֮£նɱֻ˾Ѫ֪
һд˸һҶԽ͸ðҲ˴£ٴȥ
ħϰοϴ󡭡ΪǰС֪帴ʦֶİ취ôܰΣϣ
˵ԶҲ޷ԤδڲͬУܳ±仯Ī⣬˭Ҳ޷϶
ҲҶߣϸϸ˵
ţȥ޷ı䣬ٻ취ҲûУʱգŤתǬصȥжĨɱ𣬴ٻŤתʱգǼֻͨһٸٻһ취
ϴ󣬲ô࣬־ȥץסǸڸ֣Ϊ߲ͣպʺϣƾӣһĥ
꣬ռ䣬ȴɱɹץˣٳպÿԺһۣ
Ҷתû˿ڸ岻֣ûκĸҶȡ
Ҷڣһжڡ
һϢ̰Уɳ磬ֻʣҶơ
ҪץסˣҪټӦһ֮ܲҶóһԣ£ʩչ龻֣ȻҪԸˣҪһɹܸᣬõѡ񣬸պҶȿԾԶԸ
龻ִҶȵĸӦ뾸ѪͨԻɳգܿҶȾ͸ӦĿȻ칬ɳ߻мʮ칬ִߣмڵĸ档
ƣ뿪칬ӦǵĻᣬǱ칬ڸͬ·ȸȥ
Ҷվһʱһͬɳ߿ա
ҶƸϢͨ£ܿͼʮ칬۵ִߣֱӷɽ磬ǰɽʱա
мϢȷڣ޵ĺܣҶͬʱ֣ûаɱô֡
һ۲ģæҶȣϴҪȥɽ磬պڰɽ֮Ŀղʱգûᣡ
Ҷһ˼޽֮أۡ߾ȵȱѹǿߣ˲񶨣УЩˣһִͨߣ֣ҲûһбɱǵһɱˣǾͻͷͨ˲칬־ͻɱң칬ǿǾǴﵽڣҲһа濹⣡
ðɣһȣҲȲͷһߣȺ칬ִ߽ɽ磬㼫ΪΡ
ϸȥ磬ɽʱգκ칬ִϤľɽ硣
󣡣
ʮ칬ִߣɽ磬׳һӡƷʯڸ߿γһص󷨡
龻֣׷٣
Ҷ֪칬ִߣҪô󣬽д޷λͲ֪ȥδʩչͨһ׷Ϣӿ֮С

ɲǼ䣬ʮ˱ƾŴ󲻼ˡ
ߣ
ҶĳƼʩչ̷߶龻֣ųϷٷȥÿһĴ򣬱ųҶԽǧɽˮĽǱ칬һЩ
ҲһδĿĵأһδεشÿһζ꣬ÿһζҪ󷨣ͬǧͼһ󣬱ܴﵽκεط
Լ׷ϣҶƣɽһƬ½Ѿ뿪ɽ磬Ƭ½һƬߵĴ󺣰½֮УӺԶգͼһҫ
ǲգ칬
ͷ֮ڵĵط칬ȻǾɽ칬̳̳
ҶƼҫ۽⣬Ϊһ壬׳ޱȣҶȱΪ޽֮ڵĵطӦþǾɽ칬̳ǡ
Ҳǣ޽֮ɽܣٲ֪Ĵڣ칬ô̳ܰ
ϴ½ƺһΪʹǺпܣ칬Ӧ
˼Ǽʮ칬ִ߷칬δȥ׷ħʱʲôǻ½
ǿɲһͨͷ֮гͷ֣֮ӦҲǷͬѰĴڡߣƽ⣡
ѣҶȲŸӦ½ȻһصķϢȻϴ߶ʣȻںһ壬ңҶҲ𽥸Ӧ½
ֻǳߣһ˶ӦĴڡ
ǰǻ½·ϷֻڣϷһӲӵ칬һ·һƬȼյҲһΣһƬƵġ
һ壬ǾǸ硢ɫγɵ󷨲㣬ʮ־޴󣬸½
˷һ塢˵Ϣ
칬жˣҶһʱ˵Ͼ壬ûʮҲ֮࣬ʮ֮һǳۣ඼ɵۣ۾ȻнˣǶô˼֣Ƕɽżܺ͡
칬Ϊɽԭ
Щ֮УҶȸܵڡڣҲڡһǧ
д֮ϣĳ֣칬ֳͥѡǶԵģûȥȫӪ٣ᱻ칬ǿѹ
ǿһҲ˾ްԡ
ھɽ磬һǧھͷ˭õ칬ôľͷ
ȴԤϵˣ칬ٵͥ䣬Ƕ칬˽⣬ǳġ
ԽԽ֪칬ǿȴ޷ȥǸһˣҲҪ칬ЦѪӢ۵ж
Ӧ칬ǿߵҶĴ
֪칬Ҫ칬̸ףˡɴۣͥһڷ칬
ǡ
칬Ȼɽ֮ϣңңɴ
ɴۡĸӢۣȴԶس˯


1210 ԭصط
ߡˣԽԽá
ң񷣬Ҷȴһ
ڴţͬɴۡǰ㣬칬⣬ӢѪжţ񷡣
۵ϢȻûУ
һδεظӦ
ҶȺҵһǾۣ֮ǸʱǿߣһɹٵĴڡ
ܾȳۣҶȾΪˣԸ칬аա
źǣҶθӦδӦ۵ϢҲûиӦʲôѺǿϢ
칬ء۾ںδ칬ǿߣҲһ˿Ϣ
ӵߵĳӦҶȲüɵǿߣǴǰҶȶ޼ɵӦϧҶʲôûиӦ
ţ
ȻӦеҶȣͻȻ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ħæ֪Ҷо޴ջ
ܺãַһϵǿߣ˵Ѫ뾸Ȼаʮϵƣ˿뾸ֱӹϵΪȴʮǿڣ
Ҷ˵
Ǹѱģ¶ƻǻ֮⣺Ȼֻгڡ֣֮ҲеĲͬʱ䲻ͬͬľ磬ҲźܴĲ࣬֪̤ڣΪѾﵽڵԲزΪﵽԲ۷壬ôʵǼΪµģڣž޴죡
־죬ͬʮŮ
Ů϶ȲͬС
֮УҲиͷر׳ʵ˲Ĵڡ
վͬĸ߶ȣȴŲͬߵĲࡣ
Ҷϸһ૵˴ﵽڣʵܾˣ֣ǿնɱܸǰװնɱĵĻᣬ칬ǿֻһжҪ˵ı
ϴߣǱ칬Χ׾٣ھͰﲻæˣԽռ䣬ñֲ
·ת˭Ҳû뵽֣ħ˽棬ʱռ䣬ҶǱ롢̽
ҶʵҲ˼óƽ䣬Щ˳Ҳնָ
ʱ˿̣Ҷǰֻ칬Ĵڡ
칬ǲðս룬һӦҾ칬֮У֪ˮɲƻգðֻȥ칬Χݷȴǿ뿪칬
ڴҲҪܶʱϢ֮¸պÿԻһֶ죬кܶռ䣬ǾǱȥѰһᣡ
һҪ־뷨ҶԺӶʵȻʼԴϢӡʣ߶ǧͼӴɫ㡣
ͨʩչճɫϾԴȻںϣҶ׵ؽ칬ڲȻںϿգǰ½
˵һ½˵һɽȺ
ʱҶȾ˳̤ɽ·շУŲУһɽ壬칬·
ͼģӵɵ֮Уδйͼֳ̣ķϢѾͨΪӵдԣ·һֱԵƿ
ҶһɽͷҵһȻܶʩչԪԴʩչһ㵭Ȼ㣬濴û֮ͷҲֻǾ΢΢һЩ
ЩںϾԴӵпռͨľͷ
ҶܶУһУһͷŸӦʱʱ̣̿עǿϢĶ
ڣһڣҵδﵽڱ״̬һﵽ۷履Դڡս½𵤣һǹ̫У½𵤣ʺ޼˻УŽ𵤣ױ˷֣
ģҶȳʱ䳤У𵤣ȫâϱ䡢Ԫ޽塢ɹԼӴȡԼʼںϡ
ͳͳ̫һ
ޱߣʱɿʧ
ҶüͷȻʼ˼
ٿ
˫ٿȻһ⣬ʱֹͣУվ칬мʮ꣬ڵȵ뿪칬Сǧ
ಣ
̴߶ǧͼҶʧˡ
Ϸһٶ칬ִߣ칬ɳɵ۵ڶУֻˣʮˣ඼ڡ뼫ٵɵۡ
Ǽɵۣƿһӡɵ࣬ͬסǰص
˲䣬ԪԶ޷
ЩҪʲô
Ͽ֮УҶȸ·飬ʮֲ󣬲Ҳ򵥣칬ѹ칬ĴڣǸһЩΪص£˵Ҳˡ
εӣǸǿߡ˻ǲ׿ǶԻ뿪Ƭ칬ƿص˵
룬ҶȾβ𽥷ɽ񷡣
Ŀ꣬޽֮أ
Ҷ˸ո̤޽֮أ̾ͼ칬ִߣܵѹȣЩɵۣѹÿҪϢиóһǣƿǰС
ˣ
ո޽֮أЩ칬ִƺҲŸ·ҶһֱȴᣬȵǸǿ䵥취ʱȻ޽֮ʱգһʥϢ
Ѿݱ¶칬ǿߡ
ৡ
һʮ칬ִˢˢ֮УһǿߣƺһΪܵ¼
ԭˣͷϽ
ʮ˷ɹʮڣһǿߣǾڸ֣ʩ
ԭԭΪԭ֪뾸𣬵кιϵ
ǿߡԭһЦλֵܲؼ⣬֪Ǹˣʱںδ
һֵˣ⣬ǡѪ塯һǿߣΪȻڣʵѴﵽڣ
ԭѪߡԭ˲¶Цݡ
ʲôѪߣ
Զ칬ִһжԻҶȣͻȻ˼ȤѪߣǿʣȻǼΪټʣͬǰ㣬ҲʣѪߣʺҶߡ
ܵõѪߵҶʵֽߣѪߣҲʺϳơ
Ҷȼ۾κߣû뵽ԭɱˣѪߣǿԣһҪõѪߵѪ⡭Ѫ壬δڣ
Ѫ塭һֱ׷ǣ׷̫ãЩѪߣǿöԸ׽һ𣬲ˣ
ԭ΢΢һ̾
һǿߣȭʩ񣺡ǵģˣץѪߣѹھ̳һʱ䣬ǰУ
һǿվ˵ǻи׷వѪټһһץʱ䲻࣬ɽӣ
ԭףһɲģͷųƣѪЩ꣬ץĲˣ壬Ϊϡ١ȻҪ񻹺ϾλֵܷģѪϣ㲻κβأ


1211 ѪߣϹ
Ѫߡ
Ȼγһ壡
ڰҶȣӡһ𺳡
Ѫߣɽ粻ܣħ֮УѪǿߵĴڣЩѪħͷħеľǿߡ
ȴ޷뵽Ѫʣγһ壡
Ƕôŵܣ
֪칬ץЩѪҪʲôӣһֱѰѪߡѪȻħҲν칬ľȥԸѹɣ
Ȼ̺޷֪ܣҶ룬о黹кܶܣҪȴԸԭʱ׼Ҳ칬ܡ
ʱ칬ںϣһͬɫʱշȥҶ򰵰ʩչԴԪ״̬ҶȵٶѾԽڡڣﵽڡ
Ծʱգʮ졢ţ
ں޽֮طУǼįģҲǿ־ģǿǻ磬УԲעͻΣա
Լһ꣬һƬ飬Ҳ½صգƲ֪ʲôƻøɸɾΪһƬշ档
һٶ칬ִߣһһУ
ŨҵѪϢű塢ɱ¾ԹޣѪԽħ塢а̡壬ӦþʣѪߵϢ
ޱ߷ʱУҶ½Ƭϣ칬ִ߲룬ż׷ȥͷʣӦӿɲǼ䣬ʱգسҶǰ
ڰշһԺܴڣżʮϢʱһŷӡεزסⲿڲžǿߣΧз籩ʱʱһЩףΪ˿̤Ľء
ڣһסһ޷ƺһԳӵѪĹˣʲôģ޷Ӧֻ֪סѾסԪѪ
һ룬ԪѪ˲øɸɾ
뵱סͬģȡͷ­ӣ˲䱻øɸɾӣ㽣оͨҲܸϣ֮УУһжᱻɵøɸɾ
ѪסҶȣסѪߵҶΪȴ𺳵˵
סҪøɸɾ̫һֻ·һ
ֲԶԶѪߣҶȵĳ𺳣޷ݡ
Ѫߣ칬ִУһ뾸ԭʵľͷͷҶȿʼʱգӦҲѾԽ󷽵칬ִߣҶҲӦ
ڸӦ֮УԭһٶִߣѾӡ⣬һʥ⵴ʮִߴӷзɳ֮УƯһŷӡӡ֮УվһʹࡢȫѪ졢һ˫Ѫꡣ
ŭ칬ִߣ޲ðѪһβʣ
ǿ˿̳ΪĿˣκ޼£ûȥ
ԭ֣ͷһˣԷ߳һ칬۵ˣƹϡ֮֮꣬ͫ⣬֮ͬԡ
ȻΪ࣬ǾԭԳӳһȵİȭӭߣʲôÿģְλͬˣץѪߣΪʵӦҲǿץ˲ٹɣ
ߵ꣬ץЩͨҵѪľݵ㣬ϧƻĺܣˣħڵһ֣¶ϢħҪ𲻱ҪĦ
ã⸱³ܷ𣿡
ԭЦתһ֣ɵۣһѪߣС
ҵȾͼִݱ𣡡
һߣɣҲżʮ֣ˢˢ޽֮һʱ
Ѫ߰Ϲǣħȵһϡԭħȵĸ֣ʱ칬ʲôǣ
ԭδϴ뿪һϣڲ⣬ʱһƿһеģǱѪߡ
ѪߡϹǡħѪͫͷţŭħͬʱȼգӽŭ𣺡칬ԭҵˣǱѹˣںδ
ںδҲûʸ֪ģʲô˶ãҲȥ
ԭ˫֣һʤȯգƺʲô뷨ͫ¶һ˿ЦңѪ䣬ҿԷŹһ
һסϹĮȻӦһֻƬҲûУѡĬ
ħȡħڵļħȻǿôڵħͷϧôһѪߣʵﵽںڣӽ۷ĴڣȻһ³߾Щǿ칬ѹһδٵĸ֣ܷ칬
Զ֮⣬ҶݷһƬ籩󷽣ǰһٶִߡھжʮˣûôڣǿԾԭ֣
һ¿ˮ̵ӣϹǣħȣһͷ칬ͱ뻹лһ죡
ߣ
ԭмһ֣ʼķǰУȻǼɵۣƿڵİϹǣһֱʹĬš
ôˡҪȣ
˾Ҫ뿪ʱգҶҡҡͷֻѡգһλᣬҲǾԵĻᣬʹˣϸǺ󷽼Զʱա
һֱں󷽣޽֮أһ·оյػصɽ칬̳
ҶֻܻصɽеܶУעԭ֪βȶãΪԭҪǰϹȥ칬صĵط
ỹУҶȿʼвעռ䣬նȻд𵶾Ϊʵԭ򣬴ұۣһγΪߣ򣬸Ӿ١䡣
˶ڱչϢҶȲϴ߶աŽ𵤣̫һȻʱôһ졢һ𽥹ȥ
ԼһȥҶȺȻۣһĨϢ뿪ɽ뺣㣬ֻһĸӦ֮칬ԶգƺӦʲô
ûжãԭ켸ʮˣ뿪˾ɽ硣
޽֮أ
ԭγЩִ֣ߣϢھԭʮִߺ󷽣ҶһֱݷţԺһɻ
ţôʮѪߵϢѵӪȰϹǵģӦϵˣ֮ǰ칬ͷŵĸӦһ޵оͷӦøӦЩѪߴڣŹþԭ˳ģ
ʮУҶȺȻӦԶʱգһǿҵѪϢԽؿȻ
һȺ֣
칬ɽ磬Ϊ֪أ밵Ѫ֮ĦһǲҪĺã
ҶȺȻͣס˲ԶԶؿžԭִʧȥ
ֻǼź¡һԶʱУͱֱըˣ޽֮صĿѹһ˽һˣӰʶΪ
ҶףΪ޽֮ô棬½Ϊ˷ƬЩֳ֣ȻҪġ
սֻǳ̶һ죬ƺʲô޴ʣãԭˣʹԭ·أǰϹǣֶ˺۵Ѫߡ
ѪӪȰϹжʧܣѪߡ


1212 Ծϵ
Ѫ壬ںϵѪҺҵǿͻҲָտɴ
޽֮صɽ磬ҲûκⷢҶβһ˻ص칬̳ѡܶеȴ
ᣬܻ֡
Ҷһ·棬̫õѪߵѪ⣬һںϣߡߣӵѪߵǿޱȣԽڣںѪʣôЧ޷
ϧһֻա
ҶֿʼȴᣬһΣֻǵȴ˼ѣȻҶȾ뿪ܶϿգԭȻֻʮִ߳ˣӵ뾸ԭһѪǾˡ
ңʮִߣֻоԭһˣڸ֡
ᣡ
Ҷڸ߿գԭ뿪칬Ӧʱգڼ˼βôĻᣬȷʵǾѵĻᣬҶȻ֣ܶҪ֪ԭҪʲô̽һвܶ֡
ϴ󣬺ٺ٣һܲˣᵽ͸߰
֮УҶȰѺϢħ˭֪һ·˾Ǹ˾޷ݡ
ȻҶһֱʮ룬žԭٽɽңԶ
źɻһУԾΪʱ䣬жңԶڣһƬ쬡Ĵ½ǰ
½ŹʮֹϵĴ½ʮַв١ŶöϢӿ
澸ʮˣ½ãΪԭᵽһܵطʲôжû뵽Ȼ½Ӵ½һһǧϢҶȸӦУɵ볬ۣڳ۶ʮ𣬶ֻѡ
ȻƬ½ʮڣȻľͷߴڣƿߡ
ôôྸϵϢ
ԭҶȾ;ú棬ھУŲ½Ȼӹ½֮УͨߵոϢҶȾȻӦƬ½֮Уй֮ľѪϢ
ϣƬ½ȻӵһƬ
Ȼһֻû뵽ʵƬ½ӦöǾƿأҲǾϵϳܺãȻϳһȥѰңһˣնݳ
𾪻ƽһǧǿߣҶȶԾϼ壬ʮֺ棬壬칬Ĺϵ
ԭ칬ִݣֱӽƬ½Ƭ½칬ģ澸ϣ칬ϧ֪칬Ŀ⾸ϼĿɱˡ
ȻǾϳ˵бȾԭ뾸ϵڡ
ԭһԶԸǿУΪһʧٻҶȲָֽ֣Ӽ
ŲϽ½һĳǳأܾ޴ɽһȣҲضãǳн֮ࡣ
ϵĳǳءԭнʮˡ
ãһǧ֣ӵԭ½룬½ʿԭƣǽһǳأͬʹһ̻Իͣ磬ҶȻδǳأ͸оǳأܼľϢ
ǳأǾƿصġ
֪ھϳԭҲգֻҪ칬ΧңԶҾͲõģ
ҶȲǼɵԭǼɵӴ칬
Ϊ׼ȷվϴҶȲδڳǳΧӦǷӡΪһͨˣǱǳ֮ڣӦԭǳĹȺУҶһҾ¥Ҫ˸䡣
Ƭ½֪ϧҸɱΣ칬Ϊ𡭡
ڰգҶȻͷʣϸϸʼӦƿصĳǳء
˵һ壬ǳأ½ҶȶѸӦţȻĿǳأ𽥵ģһϢˣǴ඼ڹȺУΧмٵ߶̾ᣬɼϵˣǶô
һƬȺ
ҶȻҪ׷پԭĴڣϴָӦԭڹȺǹȺϢܲͬѰеˣǾϳԱֻмٵˣߡ
һر𣬵ǷӡȻмʮͬϢҶǾϸµķӡңѵмʮھͷ
Խӽ࣬ԽҶ𺳣ԾԭݣʵҶҲó칬һӵкܸߵλҪƿһ½̫ܡ
ˡ
Ҷȳԣӡ֮УʲôʱͻȻոսӴӦԺ֮Уһ龻Զγɣ΢΢һ£ʧ
ף
ǹȺ֮УȻҶˣһ˿˿ĴڣҶȶʱƿԣ뾸ңʱ
ΪٻҶô뾸ǣ
ӡǿԪĽƣӦô֣津һҪԸңͲˡףÿȥӦһп֪浽ʲô
飬ҶȼӦԭڵλá
ԭǷӡ֮УڲԶһ󹬵ȻڸַӡͬǣӡҶȶԴ󣬷־ԭһٶλϸھۻᡣ
ҶȸӦδԭЩ󷽣һķչһռ󷨣ʮķӡϢš
ҶӵʣҲ޷ӦռĴڣҶСһ󷨵Ϣ
ܣ
ӦʼտռϢǸ޷գȴֳӡϢȻķӡǳ׵ĵطҪҶȸоΣա
ΣգҶѾָо
ӡʩߣһ𣬳ԽԭĴڡԭڣôʩչӡϵȻѾڶ٣ǶɹٵĴڡӦڶɽٵھǿߣ
һԸŵʵҶͷԸȥţͷľ֣òţӡԳԽԭٱǿߣµǿؿռ󷨡
һ壬˶ٵھͷ
ô壬жôĹأ
˵ˣ֪ϵĵ̣źö֣Ҿô֣һ𣬾ͻһЩԪ񡢱ףԭȾϸָӦĸһ鷳
鲻ð죬Ҷ˼һϵǿԶԶԽҶϣϾȻһ𿰱ɾ߾ǵǿߣ⻹ˡ
صľϸ֣Ӧò⾸ϳ֮ڣǵǿߣϾ칬еĵλǸ֣칬һֻҪұлᣬԭԸԭȥ˽һ֣ʲôԭҴɱԭ
ջظӦҶȳ˿̾ٻ̫ףᶨƣסǷӡ֮УʲôȻϢˣǹˣ
ţҶҲ벻Ȼ
ٻҶ뾸ɽ֮нʣУҲҶȳΪǿߣƵ칬ʱ
ΪٻҶǰ뾸Ͻ档
֪֮رʲôΪ칬еִߣһźܶܣԣװȸϣбˣɻң˵ڵõ֮ʣպõȵԸʱ֮ҲżԸң
ԭһͷɱɱġ
ȻˣҶֻȻˣ϶ֻǶԸԭһˣ


1213 û
Ϥ֮Ҷھ¥ϢգȻڳǳؽֵת˰죬㰵Ʒһϸ֣ʩչͨԷΪһˡ
ֶᣬҶ˵ͼ졣
ҶȶˣǾ֮УһȨƵϣҶóݣ˽󣬱˳빬ȺȻʩչԪԴǱ뾸ԭڵǿӡΧ
ϾۻᣬδԭǾϼ֮УһԪϣϣԪֻмѣ֣ԭǾϼ棬ΪԪ֮꣬УΨһãΪǿΨһһˡ
ѾܾûϳֻоԭִԪϲʸ֪֮УѾû˼Ԫ
Ҷĳϣ֪Ҳ˶ѡ
ҶȴУȡһش鱨ǾھԭڵĹ󷽣󷨿ռУžҴԶһ鱦
鱦Ҷɽż֮Уδɽ֮Ҷһˣȥյġ
ϴʱ͵ˣ
һϵļ塣
ӹɣӵоһӵе
У鱦ԶžϵˣʹùıңԶʱԽܶԪĴڣǸʱħ磬ϵ棬һһһѹңɱħ磬պչΪһڵԶǿߡ
ȥһжʧɵԪ֮С
ЩǾϵĹȥΪȻǣԪͬͬѾزȥǸ߶ȣ棬Ǽķ鱦ΪܳΪһ̡
һĴڣͬת鶦ӡǰ㡭һһʮֲûᱻϸѹҪȡ̫ˡնɱԭǷӡ֮Уȡ鱦û𣬵ǺôϹŵܾôʧ
û뵽һͨϣܵõôõļֵҶˣȻԭڵĹһӾУȡϣҲ˳֪ԭļƻöԸ
һٶˣظ裬ɽõʳݻװΣƷʯɣǶɵۡı
ɼҲƴ֣ҶҪһЩ˵Ҳʹ
ҶӦԭϷΨһĴԪϣԪϣȻ칬֮С
һӦȴȥҶȶδȡõϢֱº󣬾ϾۻŽԸϸ֣һɢȥֻʣ¼ˣЩˣڡ
һﵽҶĸ⡣
ǵл᳡칬ǿִߣ뽣ʸֵľǿߣʦ
ʦʱſΪȻڵǿߡֲã뽣Ȼ棡
Ҷһ̾¾ﶼ룬бҪĻҶҪʦһնɱġ
ţԭ־ᣬྸϼ巢£һһգʮ֮мɢȥֻʣ¾ʦ뾸ԭ
ʦãյҸ㴫ȥķɣԭ߸ϷȻģƣȫݱľʦ
ʦȭʩ񣺡壬ʦ͸ϻˣ˽ԵõѪѪϷ影ģ
һ֣˽Գһ֣˲Ҫôʵѹǣ棬棬ʲôݣ񲻸ӣ
ԭһЦžʦ棬δرĿ˼ʮֿЦѪָҪĶʹ棬ҲҪ֪ô࣬Ҷɹ٣ʸ֪ܣ滹⣬ҹȻõһѪѪ
õָܻǿЩʦϲ
ǧ֮ãٶȺ֣֮ǸѰһ˿Ϣԭ˵
õܣǧ꣡
֮⣬ҶȱΪھϵܣ鱦Ķû뵽ȻϢ
ңӾʦ뾸ԭе֪Ȼˡ
ǾԭĶӣ

Ҷƿԣвӿ֮նɱɱõľѪΪɱĸɸɾǣȻϸָˡ
ѵӡģǾ𣡣
ȷ
ҶȲ¿ڶѣ𸴻ˣҾӦ֮Уֲû龻ֻиӦףһж˵ͨˡ
Ҷ뾸ϣûжǣֻͨѣҲֻǼٵһ֣ξȻиӦҶֱӹϵģôϵ㣬Ҫٻ
ٻҶʦͽϵٻھֱ֣֮Ҷնɱ֮䣬ûжϵһ̣ˣעҪϵһΪҶȳ׵ԭ
𣬸ˣ
ֲɵۣǳۣնɱ޷øֻͨɱˣȡ˾Ѫѡնɱ޸ᡭϵĸ֣ȷͨھ󲻾ãǧ֮󣬱
Ҷӣ֮ɫʧԭ𲻵ˣһǧ֮ãϲӵоһĿռ
㸴ֱӵ֮ǰΪҪܳʱָǧ긴δָɼѰ˸һˣҪپ
Ȼôʱ䣬Ҷо⣬Щ֤ߣϣطչѾԶԶԽԤƿء

ɫȥͫһϲҲϸ֣һæ
Ĵæ
ҪٻҪȸھѾҾͲøֻҪٴץܸٻңܱܿ뾸ԭǿ߽֣
𸴻ʲô£ĺ£ҪҶҪļĴۣھ𱻾ϸָҶȼֱɣֱժȡӣþϼȥޣȥ೦Ӱɡ
ҾԭҲϵϳӲ֪𸴻Ϣ
ǣҶȾպһжڤڤעġ
ץ£㴦Ⱦָһȥһɽ磬ˡʱң
ҶͻȻɱ⡣
壬ѪѪ˱һõںϣõָܻٶȣɼһ룬ǧõָܾܻģڣʦЦ˵
ԭŭڵƣһĨɱ½飬߷߲죬ɱҲǺܵģǸˣϴ޽֮أ뽣Ȼ֮󣬱ûġ
ʦȻͥߵĺܽǰȥâţǻ취ҳͥټֻҪҵͥȻҵ
âţ˵ǿãȻ칬ϾҾڵ޴ȥúͨҾվһܳץסһôҶҾŹ㣡
ʦһȫȥ죬壬ھȥΪõںѪߵľѪʦ̧ͷ˵
ã
ԭͷʱ½ݣ뾸ʦһǰһ뿪
ȥǾ𡭡Ȼܲܶȡ鱦˾ϵĵ̣ǺԶҲ޷𣡡
ɱˣԻһ壬Ҷ·Цݣϰи澸ԭʦȥʧڸ߿ա


1214 ĸ
ԭ뾸ʦϢԼˣ֪ټܿ죬ǾǷӡ
ಣ
ǿߣӷӡΧ৵طɳ
ˣ
֣һа֮ȻǾˣԭʱأ빧غ
󷽸߿գеҶȣ΢΢һԭ֪ץھͷΪһԺǿ߾ǲһŶھͷ
ʱ䵹ǱֲúػҶҶ˰ͷԪ𣡡
ǣˣ
а̵ǿߣȻʵ꣬ﵽڣȻɲ۷ߣĪջѡһУ׷۷塣

ԭһָ֣ŷӡһץعһɷӡӿ𶯣ȻһŻԭ뾸ʦ󲽲Уа̸վ԰εɢʧΧ
ǿУʲôȻԸЩѣǽƣ͸㶨ˣǲ鷳ЩӡҲûѹ鱦ķӡҲԸӦ
Դ
ҶȿʩչԪϾԴδʹôǧͼѾϢа̸֣˿δ쳣
ӡһ࣬ҶͷžԴɽ籾ԴʼںϷӡַӡ
зӡ֮ȻϣʩչͨԴȻԴԾԴںϷӡ׾١
ԴӡںϣҶȵĸӦҲھԴ£طӡս빬һͬݻڵ֮Уһű
֮ϣһӢĳ꣬ǵնɱٻֱҶɱ칬նɱľ
ȻʮԪˣձ۸ڱΧƯŶ棬ȻǣԴԴϵ
ֱֹ˵Ȼ󻺻ظ
칬ɶ칬֪ټˣǵΪãҶȸӦŶ֪Ա칬˵
ֻ칬ô
ܿ죬ԭ뾸ʦڵɲǼ䣬ԭһʹ·һࣺҶΪδõ׵Σĸ޽֮ش籩֮Ϊ㣬ɽķߣһëݳޡ
Ǿһ㷴ӦûС
Ҷȼԭ⸱ģ겻ѣԭڲ֪ôһܼӣ֪ٻ֮ҲͲᷢ
壬õԪӣӰָʦæǰԭ
˼£޳ˣҪΪںѪ߶󣡡ԭỨǰ
Ѫߡ𰡾𣬾Ϊ˸㣬ôԴ޷뵽ӵеģΪٻһУ㸸Ϊģ͵ΪٻģѪߣպʺ˲Ѫٻ
Ҷ̰ЦЦѪߣٻгħ֣ڰװ
û뵽޽֮أǰõϹǵѪװ׵سֳ̤Ьٴȫѹ
𲻵ҪںѪҹҹôѾﵽܾ˵ĵزٷת鶦ڣתʥˮںһ壬Ǹ
ԭΪٻԤȣ
ಡ
һ󣬶ʱŶֹͣͷʦ֮⣬˫ͷӡ
ԭûͷѪһͨ棬ȻӿŶ֮С
壬ҪʦԶȡΣմʦһԹ˵
࣬ҪԪѪѪھѪʱʱ̿Զ
ԭطֿ˫֣һгһֱһߵѪˮѪˮⱩаԹޡħ
ǰѪѪϢ
ȻôѪߵѪܺãԾô࣬ʣٻȫ߶Ѫ壬ͳͳ
Ҷ۾ˣһΪٻġ
ͣ
ƯһЩѪݣƤ͸һ޷ϢԽԽŨңȻѪѪˮžԭƣΪһɶָѪˮ𽥵سӿȥ
ոͷ֮ǰǹ仯
ԭ̾ҶΪΪһڵ壬壬Ϊɣֱָ֮ӵڵΪΪ棬ΪΪ˵еһں˵
ֱһҶ־ЦǾͷֱΪĪһ硣
ҶȵǲٻӵôߵΪֱɵ۱ˣ˻ҪԼȥУ̡ܸ
𸴻ڣ㷭
ҾȥǾ棬µķӡΣԡƷֿжϸ֣˳ȡ鱦Ⱦԭ뿪ץס𣡣
Ҷ׼뿪ʼж
ҶΪΣΪһĸ顯Ϲ壬֣飬һ֣ƶɵԪ֮
ȻԭҪ뿪ҶȸӦС
ĸ飡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȻһһϤ֣һϤ壬ҶȵԺ꣬³йŵ˽⣬Ȼ֮ʲôķ
ĸ飬ļǿ֮һ֣ͬʱ𵤣ķڽ𵤡ԪҪãһת鶦ࡣ
ջ۶ҵĶݣ޷رռʧıǶ˼ҵһرֱʿž޴á澹Ȼƿ
ĸ𣬲Ϲͥһɵ³ǱϹͥ尵жҪ̽ϹͥܣôϹͥ壬ķ칬УӦѹϹͥôѹ칬
ϲ֮ȡ֮Ǹɻ
ֻ˵ɽ̫ˣӵ̫ǣ
ĸ뾸ҶҪͬʱõ
ҶȻ뿪ӡ
Ⱥ󷽣һͨĹϿա
ৣ
ħһֳҶȣʵϴ󣬿кõļƻɲܰһˣ
ҶȲ˼ͷϸƻֿжǰһӡžϼ壬Զʱ鱦뾡취õǳҲ⣬õܶ˾ϼĵ̣ҡǱҲ๬ץסǾȻͬʱ뿪ǵʱ䣬࡭
鱦䣿ãôõıȻܷŹǰȹȥ׼׼
һħħͲˡ
ơ
Ҷҡҡͷû취һޣһƣǲƿأԭֻҪưѾԭұǱǷӡ°߾ĸ飬аٻˡ


1215 ħ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷȱһת˲˷ӡԱߣ
ϴ߶Դӿӡ֮УԪҶھȻƿǿߵķӡ
بδе漣
ھͷֻͬȸ֣֮µϣҶ֮еߡ
һ׼׵ҶʱԽӡϢȻϴ߶Ԫ񣬰ħ
һ
ʮϸ֣ڵĴڣѲߣԷ˴ʥЩǿߣʵֻӰˣƬ½޷޿ɶҡ˭
ǿҲУֻӦճˡ
Ⱥڰ֮У˭Ҳ뵽һ˫ħۣӰŲмԵЦݣǽع
ϴǷϢˡ鱦кܶ౦οҪһʺƣƻԳһƬħӰǹϷա
빬֮ϣħһӡħ𣡣

ɲǼ䣬ħˣȻΪһħ⣬ƾվͬ߹һħΪӿڣΧЩǿߡûһ쳣
ǳħֶΣ
ٺ٣Ȼϴ˵йǿķӡ
ڵûгħҲûκһӰǳȴڵ𣬺һ΢ħѾʱһռ󷨣ƯڵգͬһƬƵģƮƮģһ
ԵķӡɹٵĴôٺ٣ڱǰʲô
৵һ£ħֳƯڿռǰŴ󣬳ƻӶ˫֣ͻȻָס˫ۣȻ˫ַֿ˫۱⣺⣬ȼհ˻ģ
ݣ
ȼյԹâӳ˫ͫͬʣâ˲ڴĽ֮ϡ
֨֨
ųħɭɭһЦȼ⣬ʼٻ磬Ȼǿ󣬵ȻʼرȼգֽţȼգΪҽػΪӰ
ȼճһӣԽԽ󣬶ûκεĴ΢΢ҲûУֻԳȼյ
ûκ쳣
Լ㹦ȼ⣬ذѴճһֱһɵĿӣҪϣȼձص棬޷ϣһЦԾ֮С
ת˲ƾһ˶󷨿ռڣƷʯԼϡҩĿƯڰգ˳˫ۡ
֪࣬ʱ䲻࣬ſ죬һɹɱӡֱɽƺ֮ڣž޴ڲռ䡣
Ƭ֮䣬ϼռıͳͳħȡһһǰ
һŲ㣬ħЩ񣬶ħħȴǴϢ
鱦ٺ٣ðȻһñ˳̤磬һ·У鱦δУΪһ
ʶ㲩ĳƣҲΪ鱦мӣһķԶŵʷǧͼ鱦ķֻǧͼ⣬ߡ
鱦˻ڣ磬鱦Ѿ֮еĲڡ
գ
Ʋ߶ʮһֱ˫һӣһΪ˴鱦ץȥࡣ

ɴ֮ո鱦ͻȻһɾҵ𶯣һ˶
ף
޽֮أһءļšԵĿռ
һߣۣͫȻһ鱦ͬĹâȻϢϷķӡ֮СϷҪǺηȥ
߻ۣһǳ⣬֮ڣͻȻһһģһӰʱƿմԽȥ
ɽ磡
ô£˴Ľƣ
ӡ֮ڣԭ뾸ʦΪںѪѪߵѾ뾸һ֮⣬ھ𸹲ڣת϶һ˿ɫƺѾҪ
ʱΧһƬžԭȴȻ˫ۣһһãȷ˴ȡ
ԭʱһһǿӡžתžʦ߳һͲˣ
ٺ٣ԭ뾸ʦȻ˵ɽƣֻҪ΢΢ʱ䣬Ҿܽӡڣ
֮߿գһӣԭ뾸ʦٸǷ¶ЦݣϢû빬ӡ֮С
һǿռ֮С
û뵽ⷨȻұʶǲ飬ҶԿ
ħ΢΢һȥĴ鱦𿪣ڴʱһԪâӿԺʱüͷһ壺ǿ߸ˣҲ˵ҵʱ䲻ˣ
鱦ħһЦֻһ֪үүĶӣʲô̵£ӡ
ֻħӶ˫֣ٴ˫ͫӶ⣬Ϊͬٲļƣ鱦Ϸȥ
䣡
鱦𶯣ʼԿ֮УħɫЩ԰ףƺҪԦһһӵֻ˵̫ǣǿ޷ѹ
뷴շ㣬ȴ԰ѹðϴ󣬺úʰ㣡
ƷŭˣһһѣҸ棿治ˣħһħʱһԾ˲Ư鱦Ͽա
̵ģ̣
̫žħһ㣬ſ죬Ȼһ⣬ʼȼյںϣס鱦Բ˼ķʽһһ
ӡ

ӡ֮УһӰֳڽڵ֮Уͷ󺹵ҶȣĨĨٻ֮ˣʼջᱻжϵģնϵˣ㣬ٻ
գ֮䣬ҶȾǰһڴ赲Χ
󷨼Ϊڵ޷Ըģʱ㣬һƽ⣬ڣֻñİ취
ʱҴ˼תҶҪһ취Ϊ׵ݵİ취Ѿߣһ˿ϢΪ֪ԭ뾸ϼ棬һ׷پϢһ·׷ɱ
ҶȥηǶɱ롣
磬Сǧ룬ѲСǧͻȻСǧڴ
ҶȵԣüУϢͷųȻᱻǴ߶䣬һʧ˿ԸӦ
ðɣСǧЩʧˡ
գ
ҶȻһģģʱͷһԹâֱͬգסǿ󷨣ǱŶͳͳƿء
˭
һҶϤİȻ
ҶֱǰֻܵϢͬѾڿʼҶôܸᣬøٻϣԽԽã
ಡ
һɿֲƾڣʼס󣬲ϵذҶ֮С
ڵٶȣԽԽ죬̫ˣȻֻĺһ뾸еʣˣâʧҶģһжþģû˿𶯣һ˿ҲûС
һڴһˣƾղˡ
ڵȥƣѹ鱦⣬Ҫӹԭ򵥣䡭Ǿϵ棬ӦϾͻή٣
Ҷһںܿˣٻڿʵ֡


1216 ֮񡢾ԭ֮ŭ
𣬴Ѵ󹦸ɣҶʩչԪԴȻûдӡκ󷨣Χڸ֣޸ӦҶȾ־ֶ뿪
ոϷ׼ȥƣԸԭδһͻȻһɼ̲Ľ硣
ţԴ½˷ھͷ뺬оѪھͷһʮˣھͷƯڹȺϷǷ򣬷һǳصĽ硣
ǣһǳأ˲ƿأ
ôļơԭûеһʱȥ½سƣôͷƿǳأ´һֻҲɳȥ
ҶһЦ󷨣Խǿߣǣ޷ƣϸ˼һҶȲδȥƻϣ־棬ȻƱ֣Ըоϸ֣һγ䲻Ĵ
ɲǼ䣬߶ԴҶȱ㻺ڸֲõĽ磬׷ɳ磬ƯǳϷ·ʮԾԭΪ׵ǿߣͬƯڳǳطӡ֮ϣھ⣬Ըھϸ֣ʼڵĹ
ûˣҪˡ
Χ½·Ԥ֪·ϰٹɴСΪϼˣɵ۵ڳۡ
ϣ½ˣһ£ķӦ˷֧Ԯô֣ЩС
һȺСආ٣̶٣
ϸ֣ǳش֣ڹҡҡ׹֮ʣһϤҷӹڴݶ
Ǹ֣
ǳطӡ֮ϣԭʮִӵʦеڶͷħԭݲȵӣһЩϸ΢仯
˭˷ñնɱǿߣΨԭհԭ˼һʱƨĵõ졣
ԭһȣ칬ƣȲżѱƿأкα¡·˵
ԭ˵⡭ⲻ֪ţ
ھԭ˺գһ˫۾һֱˡ
Ҷʩչʣ׼ڳħʱͷŻڤ򣬸ԭˣͻȻϮڤǿ˹ɱԭҲԸ𵴡
뷨ոγɣȻҶ˫üһ·ӦʲôΪµĴڣ΢΢̧ͷƺɽ޽֮صľͷϢޱ޾ͨڣӦǿʼٵĴڣ
ǿˣҶһ
ٵǿߣǳԽͨڵĴڡ
۴ڵڣöɶٴ٣Ǵﵽ۷壬ҲǴﵽ˵۷壬ҪʼתΪԶʱֻ񣬶ûɣɱΪҲǴɱΪĹ̡
ԣٵǿ
Ϊ٣ƽӹھͷѡһءӡϢٽ٣Զɵ磬νĳЩھͷȷǿֻҪձң鵤ҩԶشڡ
ǣҲ޷ӹԪĵ䡣
ħǰǿ󣬿ǻһ䣬ʺЩ޾塢սǿߡ
Ƕ٣̤磬һΪ񣬱籾ǳ硣
ͬ໨ŴۣǶɹٵĴڣԽۣ׷ǽѰҽڡ
һ٣ǶɹٵǿߣǶӵгԽˡӵвɵϹͥĽʹߡ
ʱҶӦĿֲϢǶ٣ǶɹٵĴڡ
ݣҶҲſԿ϶ңǾϵ棬Ԫڶٵľͷħ𴥶Ľƣв֮
ĺãҶ뿴ǿߵǿ󣬶߾鱦ϸֿ϶Źڻ֪֪°ߣ֪Ϊ

ʩչҶȷ֮ϣո̧ͷһ칬۵Ӱ޽֮ƺʮңԶʱոһǿպ
Ǳ𣡣һѣ
ߵĸ֪ҶΪӰҶһ۾Ϳı壬һԪķ
Ԫֳһ׷ԲԵˣûдƣеֻһݻɼ˴ڶɽڣƺڱչضԸɽ٣Ա޷٣ֻܰ
ǷһҲ̺ɽϢʵǳǿһԶԶԽڵľԭ
ԪӰúܳڵ˲֮ͨҶѾӴϼʶӰֹͣӰʧԪֳʵʱѾڵĴ½ϿգҼ·ԭʦˡ
û˵ǾȴţǾԭҲδӦĴڡ
µΪµͨµǿߡ
ҶȾѣɹٵĴڣ̫£һ룬統ΪɵۡɵԼֶһЩ֣վǰ޷Ӧһ룬Ǿð亹
ڲͬˣҶվЩͷΧҲӦ
ֲֶܿ͸ҵĲܣƿصĴڣÿУȻǿһҶȺȻһЩ顣

ʱ½ħЦݡ
Ҷ뾸Ԫԭʦи֣ɵÿ·ڵĹȺ
¡
һʮͻأıըͻȻ
һɾǳΧĹϷͻȻըһӰֱӳƹײķƯ֮С
ǳħֻѾıգһͨӽĿӡ
ԭڵֲţ
·ԭһȣΪм
Щ飬ҪǺÿ
ħԵһЦȻһĻˡ
һڵǿߣԸڡڡڳۣжôףڵǿߣǴеʹߣĿ齫

ħӶȻǰ㣬Ŵ죬ֱһħƺƵ桢ա߿գǧۣɵۣʼ߶󡢷Կħڵֱ˵Ǿκˡ
ֻգۼ䣬ħ͸ˡ
Ȼ󣬻ϵش
Ծϼĸ֣ǳķǿߣȻһħ𡢲סƾϺһ㣬ϡﻩ֮С
һˣ÷Գ˵ǲʹһһƬˣͱ֮ڣΪƵ֡
ǳħ
ħͷħͷʣ౻ħסˣƴߣħ𽥴ӹȺɢǳأκ˽Ӵħʳ
ɶ񣡡
ǳطӡϷԭŭɶͻȻ˫һ裬ڵƣֱӰΧʮھͷ𿪣Ȼһ·ħ
ͻͻͻͻ
һ޴󡢴ԡʥϢմưǳûζ֮µĳħ𣬿ƾһֻ
ڵվڽӽ۷Բ
ǳأǳ⣬д½ʿȫԭˣԭǴ½һĴڣھ֮ŭɢ½
һУҪ֮ŭ֮¡


1217 ǰ

ѹȶΪӢۣ
Ǳ޷£쳤Х
ħûߣֱڴشЦΧϡǳи֡˿ʼ롣
䣡
ǣЩΪ̫˵ѾΪʱ
ʥĲǾǻ
δ£ħΧƱѹĦȼ棬·ȺѾʼһһѹѹõƬȺ˲ΪƽأѹȻӡ
ǳأʼԹȺΪģѹȻ˷ӡֵκνݶʼ֪ɵɵµˣѹ֮£ûҲûòס
ת˲ֻгħһԾ޴
ɷħƣ
ħ˫һץԳ۶ȻãѻΪĳǳأų˫֣˫һƣһɴɫħ
ʱڸ߿ײ

¡¡
ʥħײʥ΢΢ǿ٣ѹħһײѹֱǳأǺ¡һǳأΪķ档
ڸ֣ôһУѾóǳڣûһ壬ûһš
ǾԭƿصĽ磬ǳΧĳǳأ󲿷ֶữΪ棬ǳеˣ˳ۣǶ½ӰƻȻԶ
ˣȥԸħ֣
ԭΧĸ֣Ҳ޷סǾǲƽ֣ҲȥȻڣȥһһ
ôһƬħʳˡ
ھԭ󷽣ЩӴ½ԭȺ鼤ܣڶΪйƤ˭Ҳǰһ
ԭϣмˣãȥĸˣƿؽ磬½Ϊƽأ
ಣ
֣ڵĴڣɱڣע£֮Уħ档
ĺãǲĸҲ֣뱾һ棬
ħֳħıŶԷȳ֣һ˫ʮȼյոڵڸɱȥ
ɱɱ
ʱһĿУȻδϨȻ˸ץʮƷҲ̲ųƣʩչ֮µķǳأû棬Ϊ˳
ûгȫһϣҵھԪ뾸ԭǿԸʱ֣ܳ͵Ϯ֡ǸڤԻĳϣܳ׷ӳ
ҶȰһЦ֪ƵĵǾԪҲ޷նɱƣֻҪܵشˡ
ҶȲżҪþϼ壬ʧȥ鱦Ҫи֣һδϴȻɱ˾ԭʦЩ֣Ǿĸ֣ͳͳڻڤ
һΣɨȻˣҪøɸɾԼĵˣҶǲһĴ
Ԫ֣ҶҲᶯ֣ȴľǾԪΪԭЩˣ޷κγħ𣬳ƿǿ꣬ʱ䣬ҶƵȵ𣬵ǾϼĲ
ô˿žϼ壬ǲ֮󣬾ͻȡжѹħ𣬶֮ˣȻǾԪ
ͣ
ǳؽ֮У趯ħûĶ֣ͷһͨ־ʵ뾸ԭûжٲ࣬Ŀ齫ѾԽ˾ԭ
ֻĿ齫ʹðˣ
ʦǴеˣͳͳ˿
ĬõľԭضԾʦ
ǣ壡ʦ֣ѹħ𣬵޷ѯԭֻܴڸ֣иĴ½˷һͬ롣
ǳΧҲ뿪ˡ
Ԫ
߿գҶߴžԪԭˣȻԪʼԭȥԭԭ֧Щˣǲ˼Ԫ
ԪΪ˾ھɽҪ֣ѹƣҲãȥƼΪкô
ҶҲ½ߣȻѾ׼ͷŻڤ˵ڣ󣬶мܣֻҶʵֻ̫ܴ߶һѣһ߶½ûˡ
棬ôԽˣ
ԭɲǼԪޱȾʱȻЩʵҪѹֻʱѡ
˶ҾϴеĹϱ鱦ΪĪĳ裬ܷβˣ
Ԫ䣬͸ԵƣˣʵȻǺǿȴһӵһͨˣȻϢƿҵĽƣ֤ĲˣնɱΪ
ǾԸԭж
˺Щδ֣һЩ꣬һֱæŶ٣ȻҲҪҪδɹ٣֮Уͳɲľͷ
Ԫֱһ֣˵꣬ԭ˺
Ϊã޲ۻΪ룡
Ԫʩһ޺嫵ȻϿȻ𽥵أھԪΧγɵ׹⡣
һžϵ
ףȻ˵
ãԪʩչһȻϵͨ춯أ¿Իκڵˣ
󷽣ҶȼԪϵƣʱɫһڣԪֱɱ֣ƴһԪ
ϵгƣǲ֮ҲҪΪһŽ̿ܵشǾ͵űϸץס
統̫꣬ʼѹ࣬ѹҪܣ
ڤ򣡡
ʱʩչԪоԴͷųڤ򣬻ڤ̻ΪһƬƬƶ䣬ֻаƴС׾޴ƶ佣֮𽥵Ԫԭڵʱա
߳߳
һɹɱ֮ھԪΧߣԪԵϢѣػӶ˫֣еıף֣Ȼ΢΢ʳָָһڶָ֮䡣
׽٣
ԪͻȻѶָָ·ڸֶĳħ
ڤ򣬽⣡
ǧһ֮ʡ
Ҷ˫һ֣ʱһӡ֮ɢ
ݡݡ
ͣ
ͬʱԪָѾֳһ׵磬ۿҪͻȻԪ뾸ԭ˲Ϣͱɫ
ΪĽǣ׸һУڽУԪҲƲסһ׵ʱպֱһ𣬸ıλá
ͣ
׵ʱһ׵㣬¡һ˳ǳطħȥǳħѾӰڸ֣֪Ҫʲô£Ѱҳ֮ʣͻȻǰһ׵硣
߳߳
䣡
׵̫죬̫ˣ̫Եͷ׵֮£ڵ˲飬׵̻ˡ
գۣ޷˾ƾձըڸ֣̾ͻΪѪڷǳء
ݣ
ĽϿգԷâɵĽ֮УһɹѪƮһЩѪ⣬ϳд״޷ٶȣһδΡһƬƬУΧľԭ뾸Ԫ
Ҳ֪
ֻԽ


1218 ׽ԭ
ಣ
ϷһħӰһ޵Ӱڸ߿ռ档
ϴ鱦оеıٺ١̽ˣң̿ɲκһһŲ
ħӰһɫ۵ĳħֳȻţֻҶǰһģ
ҶѾʼ߶ǧͼʱʧǰҲκβ
ħֿ·Ϊľϳ¶һ˿Ц⣺Ҫ˾ϼ壬Ȼڻ޷𣬾ϼڵĸ֣칬ǵ棬Ԫ޽֮ĳʱգչض٣һΪ񣬾ϼͻҸȼ
ϴǸ˰ɣζ˵ֳе侲ģ
ˣҪûлᣬɱԭǻԪķΪڤʮְԵһǿߵķӦϣ
Ҷȵͷ߶ǧͼ˾ѾӰ
ݣ
ͬʱһƬƶ佣ʱΪһƬ⣬˾ɽ߿գƺֹա
ȿȣ
ߣһƬѪ
һ칬۵Ӱ̲ס˼һѪ
һ칬Ӱûôһ˺ۣѪģݣҲΪԽиµ˺ۣɼǡ
ݣѪʧֳ棬Ԫ
ԱǸޱȵˣǾԭһԵͻȻ͵Ϯһ֮У޵зҲᱻ𣬶ԭܼһѾǷǳ׵漣
ھԪֻһˣھȴʮֳ棬Ƕٵǿߡ
ʵڿɶྐྵȻ͵ϮյʵǣԪȻŭΪٵǿߣ޽֮أǾԵİھɽ磬͵ϮǷҲǳ衣
˭ԭͬŭɱڡ
ԪָҲʼתΧѾûϢȻˣһȡһڻֶθ򵥣Ͳţ޷Ѱһ˿Ϣҵǣ౾Ҫǻ˺ѣ
ã
ԭƺӦʲôͻȻԪͫڣ棬ѰҶȻϢ°ˣ
ʲô˱°ߣ
£ԪŵԭһһˣھϳôƤ£Ȼ°ߣ
ҲҪιȥ
Ҫżˡ·һ㣬ǵΪ˱һƺ۷ѣҪԸú룬侲侲ʱԪͷһԭ侲
Ȼ󣬾ԪʼطӡںϿ֮С
˭˭°Ҷ
Ȼ侲Ǿԭ쳣ż׶ӣ°ߣܲӼˣҧء
ԼԭͻȻԭһͫ¶˼Ŀ⣺Ǹ˵ɱ칬Ϊͽͽ֣֮ƺʲôͨӦǡ

һֱʩľԪۣ˫Ȼڻʩüͷһ壺칬صץĶ󣬾ȻǱͷ֮磬ƻͷ֮磬ǿߡطͷųŵˡЩˣ߹ʮ⣬һΪǬϹǿߣ
˭Ҫˣԭֻܳѿ֮죬һ˿취
û֪˭ֻϢʮֹأƺԵӵĵϢҲһϢɽ֮УҲһ̺ϢˣȥᱦڵˣЩ꣬칬ץˣûһϴγͷ֮磬칬Ĵʧأɽ޷Ƶľ棬ѾԼ䣬ͥĽӿ£в
Ԫ˵˿ڣȬˣԭȻһѪ⣬˵㲻̫ģץסһԭ򡣡
ˣ棬ǰʱһΣһɽ緢һдŸңĳһɽһСй£һ׼ȴָȥ˽⣬롭ԭͻȻ˫˵
ⷬþԪɫ仯
Ȼһͷ֮󣬱ȥһˣ滹Ҫչأܷʲôѣ칬ɣ£

Ԫ˵꣬˷޽֮أʧ
ʦķҪȥˣû±ңԭٻʦʦྸϵĸ֣ʵʵӾԭԸ
ԭ̷·ǳأ֮С
ʩչһӡֻһͨسڷУ˾ʧȥ
ϴȻ˵ˣձ󣬾ϳ֮£Ȼһ󷨿ռ䣡
ǸȥʱҪ֣ǾԪ˾Զȥ֮˵˾һڿƬ½ѰϢ
УҶƵĶԻһ󣬱û˶
·صԨ
һͨϵ죬ԭУһʹ࣬û뵽جڲſʼ
ԭͽһռ硣
һģ׳۵ĵعţع̹ر󷨣ع룬óһŶʼع䣬װֱķ䡣
ϴЩǿɶҪˣ
ã׼ȥ̱Ըԭ
Ҷգӽֳ뾸ԭֻаףǾԭǿˡ
ԭδ˵ʱ򣬾δӦҶȴڣˣڰϻҶȸ𲻵κв
ƣӦžϸ˷ӡһץסԭԪϼһһ˲Ӧұߣ
Ҷȿ˳һۣƵͷ̷ΧЩ䡣
ಣ
ԭڰգֵҩҶȹĺ󷽣ſָһУʱһ

ԭһҽУ˾ͱǳˣʧҶġ
ԭԭҲ벻нɣҶȵһЦͷӿ򼸸䣬ʼϡﻩ˳
ϴʯ̫ˣɴµıأһЩѣҿ˲٣
գ۹򣬳ħͼԦһħƺõôض飬ҶǰɭɭЦ
Ǹˣ
Ҷһ֣һǳ֮⣬˲ˣգ۾ʧ
֮
¡
һɾֱӴӵعϿս٣˺һӣֻԪŴ칬۵ڸ֣ڵع
ɶҵֵأһڵ칬ִߣŭغõعҪ顣
ԪиҪҾңܽޡȥԤ۷ɱǸֲ
ǣ棡
ЩϷˡ
ϣٴ𣬿칬Ϊɽǿû뵽ƻʧȥ鱦
ʣ¾ԪһˣĮȻķŭΧȼգʣŭȼգΧҪѰټ˭඼Ҫնɱңŵѽޣ
Ͳţƾϣһ˿ĺӣͷˣ
ԪͻȻͷһӡ˾ͻΪӰʼͬĽ䣬ÿӰڻɡ
ŹһϢ


1219 ׼
ת˲һɽ磡
ɽ磡
ৣ
һǳϿգӰ
Ҷȡơն졢纺һһǳ֮⣬ڳǳϿա
ǳأĵطҲҶ̤ɽ磬һɽǳء
֪꣬ͨйصˣ뿪ɽ磬ǳءеĳǳأϢ뿪ֻ·һ
ֻðʱʹӾɽ羸̾Ĵ½һذɽ磬ҶԪһԼйصˣͳͳ飬Ĩɱɽ粻֪ʱΪεȵģ
֪ԣڵɽ磬ǻˣڰɽ硣
һٻӰǳأ꼲۶ȥ
Ҷתն죬ʮֵģ磬ոջָżҪںϡ
ϵܣĿռָø棬ʮ꣬İɣԴҶͳͳںϣ壬ڵңѾͻڳڣﵽԲڡǧҲ̤룡
ڣھıչأնһۣ·̥һ㣬͸ǿߡصϢ
ѾӵдߵԽҶƣϾԴȻƿأԵãʵѾڲ࣬ңϴ𵶾ڵľͷҲκβ
ڣ̤ڣӵڵնѾȫɱ䡣
ٺ٣ϴ֣ǿܶ飿ħֺǺǵЦҶȺζնƢԡ
Ժұһɽ磬ٻ
Ҷȵȴţȴꡣ
ڣɽգӵղɽǣΪɽ۷ǿߣڿʵָٻ
ң߻гնǹһˡ
˵˰죬ֱ귵أ˲ſʼɽ񷡣
뿪ɽ磬һɽ嫵񷣡
ٻĵطʶ˵ɳĵطǡ˲֮أٻڰɽ䣬Ԫ񱻾նɱΪֻһ˿Ѫ
ǻǣܻһЩֻҪѪһ˿ǣҶȶԸھҶţþˣҶٻˡԸٻɢȥĻǣٻᡣ
һƴḶ́ҶӵоԪǵΪЩ
ϴ󣬾ɽԶЩɣǾԪǹʱ»ӦϢĴڣ
һɽ֮ϣҶƯţڸշϽ˵ΣյģҶѾû˿Σա
ħɽ磬ֿΧգҶһ䡣
Ҷϴ߶żһɽԶǼգΧѾټ޾ա
նҶȼ¶ϴůĹػһ󹤳̣żֵܣһ˶һĪҪһ࿸ţ
ҶһЦϴ߶ͨԪԴɢսһմռ䣬Ȼռ䲻Ǻܴ󣬵㹻븴ʽ
󷨣˸ӦҶȻ֮УȻԴԴӿռ䡣
ҪʯԽԽãһ̨ͨ
󷨽ɣ纺һһԣҶȡơնƯڰգ
Ƶն˵ĶԣҪܶʯЩͳͳΪ죬֮ǰӾӵõĴˣϴ󣬽̨ͨնæ
˵꣬ʯն쿪ʼʩչͨһ𽥰ʯͬһƷۻ
𡢾ԭӡʱ򣬶ԸǸˣ
˰ȻһҶȥģ·ʩչ龻֣Ưǰͬʱһץһɹɷӡʼɹâ
뾸ԭӣͬʱŷӡ֣֮ǻķӡ飬챾£ҶУҲȻ
ң龻סˣǵˡԪϢһ̣ɱˣ˵ԪҲӦԭӵϢ
Ȼ㣡
һۼҶȣ¶־Ŀ⣬ƺ꣬Ҷɱ칬նɱĳ
𺳵ģҶȣǾԭԭʱʱûһƢԣô㣬ôҲ
˭
෴ԭûȥںĸܣǵҶİģʱȫһŭ
˭
һĨ֮ԱǣҶȵЦܼ򵥣ҼҶȣҵĵһ֣Ϥ׹ҵĵڶ֣ҲӦûм䣡

ԭƺԼʲôϣذҶģͫһɻ󣺡ҶȣҶȡ
ңҵ㣬ҴˣûлϴǸҸ£Źһ·òã
ȻҶǰ£֪ϼǿλȻһ׶ϣ£ǱҶŵã֪Цģ
Ȼˣ뺦Ҷȣﺦ£ѾҶУһΣĶҶȣԶ޷ĨȥӰڣҶУֱûһ˿־
ֱǸӣ˶ûеһɽһģ
ܻڸֽѵг󣬶ɳḶ́һֱô˳˳ˮҶȸһãҲһÿγ̡
𲻵£ϵؿͷһѱһ᣺˶竣޳ܣҾǸ㣬̧֣Һò׸Ưյļз֮УҲ롭
ӣ
һԵľԭƺõʲô𰸣֮þһͷΣûվ
ԭŭǾϵûй˿һΣһΣͲܸڶΣ̰
ǷϷ
֪淴༥ԸӣѾûʲô֮顣
飬ֶöӣ
֪ΪΣҶȲģҲûκγЦģֻƽԭ˵ȮӣԭĶӣĶǾϼ壬ӵԶŵĴУϧֻõĴУûеõ־У
ڵǡûʸӵ鱦ҶЦݡ
ңǹ㵱ǹԣҲֿʼͷȫûаѾԭһȥ治Ǿϵ
ӣԭ÷ζը
ݣ
ӣȫŸıʱһҶȵҷƾմ֣ҶȲδ赲
·֪̺塣
ҲδܵҶ赲˳龻֣һᱻ龻𿪣һ·̹뾸š
ͣ
һѪӾؿƴ̹ţʧ
ҪɱңҪɱң
Źң磬ң
ֻһͰ߳жŵùڰֱ·𿴵ƵĴڣҶһͷ
ԭʱ࣬ǸҲʧһ̾ӰҾϣôַҾԭʲôôһûõķ


1220 ˼⣨1
ϲģ
ɥĲ񣬳徸ԭԹصȻͲŵò԰ף𽥿ҶȺ󷽣һŮӡ
ҶȲɵ¶һ˼⿴Ҳֻ࣬ĮȻ߳ͳͳй
ɱҵĵܵܣ
ŭԹɱΪһŻ棬һץһУֻбŵɪɪľ
ղǵҲͷŵġ
Ҷûţ˽ʱ飬ѹʹ˼ȷǸ÷йʱˣ
ٸҹҶҲǴ˼жȹġ
úýѵѵӰɣԭһʯĳ
ˣ͸ǧУ
һ龻֣ڰеľǰޱԹ޵ض֣ɱԼܵܵĳˣŽ˲š
ͣ
̴ţѪ龻ֱѪʧɶٻ
ͣ
һһû˵һֻ֣ľأ̳Ǿ𣬾ȻҲóһӺҲûкܵʹ࣬ʲô
֮ûкһ޷סСͶˡ
Ҷȡ֪ˣ
Զӵ棬һĥԭȴûж࿴һۣĿҶϣֶ״ӣɽ罻ϣðӣû뵽㾹ص֮ƭˣֶҲƭˣ
ƭˣΪҪƭˣΪ칬
Ҷ뾸ԭֱӶӣ칬ΪҶҲȥͷ֮磬֪ζԸߵİɣǰѷɣУɵͳ𣿡
硭ʵΪ𣡡ԭȻû˿ڡ
Ǻǣ̹ϣ֪žԪ㣬Ҳ룬һɽ磬ѵ𣿡
Ҷȷ·𿴳Էʲô˼ˣʲôۣЦһ䣺㳢ͷԪ񣬿ɲԴȥ
㻹ΪסĸӦҵԪϢδݳȥģ
ԭǲƺĲҶȵ棬ԼʵޱȣͷŴ߶ԪͷųһԪ֮⡣
⣬Ԫ֮Ҫɳ龻֮ʡ
ֺȻһתֳַ
䣡
Ԫ֮ʱַɣըΪƬƬ龻ɡ
ôܣԭڵΪȻҶǰ޷ԪϢ
ӷ֣ϢȫˣֻΧֵĿռڡ
ҲҶ˵һϢû˿ԸӦ
˰ɣ
ҶȻǰӸ£𺳵ľԭʵԭҪĶӣҲˣ澸Ԫľϼ壬Ҳᱻ𣬻ŷ칬ҲһһƵڸᣬҲһң칬ۣѹںη칬ĵܣ
˭֪ԭʱЦҶȣΪ칬ûͷֶ죬;ֻϣܺɽ֪
Ϊ칬ֶ춯֣ҶȺȻ£˽칬õĻᣬҲΪΣðջ׽ԭԭ
״ӣ㲻֪ԭ򣿡
ԭһȻܣֻ칬ֶֻ߲֪ţ칬ڲһλͷΪֶ˵
㲢ʲôҲ˵ԭǴˣܶԸ㣬ȻӦһСӦ칬İ취ʵң칬ĵ̣칬ǺεȵĴڣ
õһִ𰸣Ҷͷ֪һ㣬ֶۣ칬һ˿˿ǣģ칬רᣬΪƫƫŹֶ죿
칬ĵ̣
ʱ򣬾ԭЦˣЦȫʱ
ЦʲôʲôЦģҶһһѣһڣЦ
Цʲô
ԭЦݣȻֹĿ⼫ΪŤЦʲôЦ֪
֪𣿡Ҷɻˡ
㲻֪ɣڣ㶼֪ԼλãۣӦǵͷ֮磬ɣ
Ҷȵ棬ԭһҲһ䳰ȷȻŻָ۰䣬ʥ룬ֻ֮¡㶼֪ۣ֪ͷ֮ľͷǴ˹ǿ޷󣬵ôľͷΪλᱻ칬ѹѵãⱻѹЦ֪桢ɣ
Ҿ˼ԡҲ֪칬ǺεȵĴڣԸңûصıҪ͵ֻϣҶȷƵӦ
Ҿ͸㣬칬ٸ֣Ǹ֣ٵĴڣǾͷ֣Խ࣬ȰǿĴڣ칬ѹӦõǶôСԭ˵꣬·һӳԽҶȵơ
ֲõ˵ɽܴҴﵽڣܿʼ˽һС
ҶʣͥˡЩǴδãһ֪칬ܣңҿԷŹ㣬Ķӣ
ҶȡһǵɣҸܣϼ壬Ҫ𣬶Ҳˡְɣɱңҵ棬ҲḴңԭǿƣͬ棬Ҷȡ
ֻͨ龻֣õԪ䣬ǾԭǿߣԽҵΪ̫࣬龻֣һҲܳļ䡭
ԭȡϢҪˣӾУȡ칬Ϣ⣬ǴӳԽҶ̫Ϊľԭϣܡ
ҶȴﵽΪǿԪУѰ䡣
ֵܣ̨ͨѴãԿʼˣ
ʱһİӰն졣
Ҷתһһɸߵļ̨ɣŸַӡܶҶϿֻ꣬Ѿ纺ο£ֹͣй̲ס纺ͷ
ԭܴ֪ǲŹǸӣҲ˵ˣɱôִߣȻǲŹǸӣҡҵͽܣ֣֮
ҶͻȻһץѾ𣬾ˣȻǾԭʹţ޷赲ҶȲ

ֵزӣƴػԭȣϧλϵˣܾһΣȴԶûеڶΡ
纺ҲҶȡնȥ
ħһˣվڼ̨֮ϣӭǳ磬죬˫񣬺޲ðͱ
̨ͨãѾ渴ٻʽʽʼ
ڼ̨֮Ưţڼ̨֮ϣսս޷ԤԼ³޷ƿˡ
ת鶦
Ҷ߶ת鶦⣬̨֮ϣţҶһ֣ͱת鶦ڡ
յǼУһһ̨شš
Ųͬɫ
һŮӣʼտţ˶纺οӣģʽҪʼˣ
ţӣ㣬ˣַֺϺϣնͬϴ磬߳һ§뻳
Ҳδ˵ůҪġ
ַֺϺϡ
ƺնκ˶ø͸ĸ䣬ڵı仯ݵвһߵ죬ȷʸ񣬱κˣ޳
ֻԡ
ֻл
ӱܣ


1221 ˼⣨2
𣬴㿪ʼɣ龻֣
ת鶦̨֮ͨϣҶ˳ĬãҶ˫һץٻʽʽʼ
תʥˮ֮УѾûһ˿תʥˮϵںľѪԪ
֮꣬£ͷԪһ˿Ѫ
ն졢վҶң纺Ҷһֱǿ˼ĥҶȿʱ˲⣬龻֮¡
ͽ
ҶȽһڷӡ֮УٻľѪٻ֮ǰµѪ֣ľѪ

ţڻ龻꣬ҲһѪԪ񣬴ͷųҶ˫֮ѪС
ǳ⣡
󷽣ն˫龻һƣһɺ嫵ӡʱ֮С
޷Ѫڣ
ҷͻȻ˫ۣ𣬶ʱͬգ龻֮Уն϶Ϊһ
ţ˿Ҷȡ
ҶȱۣһμٻǸ竣ԼʵΣеĿ䵱ҶȴӦΪͽǿ̣ŶδЦݣһ涼˼ˮҶȵġ
ɲǼ䣬ҶۣĿԾţ޷Ĳ񷣬ȻһĺٻɣԶĺڰͽ
䲻񷣬֮УڴҶȵļȣ˵ףϵչŻ龻ת·һ޾ƶһֱɢȥ
龻ֿʼתҶͷŵľѪϢһѪʼȼգ·Χնɻȼš
йϢϢأʼѭʼȼհɣ
֮
ҶͻȻһݣת鶦ڣѱƵľ𣬾񷢳Ƶޱߵ֮һд㿪ʼڴʱ˿̽ڣȻ޷صȥȴ֮ùȥڵںϹԪʱղתȴڡ
찡ɺ޵Ĳ죬ΪʲôҪΪʲô
װΪ˸ӣһζҩ˭Ը⣿
Ѿûֻв԰ʱ˿̻Թ죬Թˣδȥҵ𰸡
𣬺ûõģڿԴ߶е֮ͷԪϴǰѭսᣬˣҲ￪ʼǴ˰ɣһУûջ񣬲֮ûʲôǾԵģҶƿػ龻֣ڿͨӡϧ޷ģֻͨ龻ָӦϢ
ڣϣȫһУԸѭڴ˿̽
Ҷֿ꣺꣬ڿʼǰٻһӣȻþĵϵźӵٻһѪϢٻһɢںڰеĻǣԸܵͬϢůؼҵǣ
ؼҵǣ
̶̼֣Ȼ֮䣬˫ͫûлӦҶȣһ糱Ϣʼ
ɣܣ㣬ˣڵ㣬㡭
ɣܣҪͣڱĺҹ޾ĺڰ
ɣܣйů׵ˡ
ɣܣļңһУ
ɣܡ
·Ҷȡն졢ơ纺ĵĺڳÿˣ˼ÿ뷨ÿһΪһĲϵźҶ˶С
ʧĺӣɣնҲ۾пš
ɣҪΪǣҶǣҲĬˣδй桢ӡ
޾Ȼ䣬ȴ⣬Ǻڰģûůɣ纺ͷųصĺϢ
ˣ꣬һĺٻΪһ˼޷У޷ƿص˼ǳԵ
֪¸ңÿһˣǴЦݣ޷УģҲŲõЦݣ֮ʱҿ㰿ĳߵԶչ᰿裬ȥ
ҶȲϴ߶龻ӡ˷ӡںϣγѭһΣӹȥ۵˿̣һ̽㣬Ҳʼϵغ
֮ѪһֱʢȼţԶԶȥ·Ǻڰеһյ͵ƣʱϨƵģκη籩޷Ϩ͵ƣʢȼ־ĥ
ÿһ˶ھľܣҶһͬٻҶҪģǿֻܿƵĻ龻֡
һιȥ£Ȼһ꣬һȥ
ת۾ȥ
һɣδڣٻңκǣ㣬ۣ㻹иյϣǾ⣬Ҫѡδ
Ҷۣ·֪ʲôǿΣת鶦ڵľ𣺡ĻᣬҲٻĻᣬҲҸĻᣡ
δ𣿡
֪뵽ʲôԳһȼһԪ֮Ըȼգңҡ
ڴ˿̣ǣꡢٻ˵ˡҲƿˣȴܾԼ˴ƼӭڷңҶҲʼЦˣȫ߶龻֡
ˣ
ոմ߶֣ͻȻ־͸ܵʲô谭ȼһ֮Ļ棬תٶ

ͻȻʹƺһֻεĴ֣ڿ
Ȼ˽ϢˣԶš𣬿˾ǸˣԪľ棬㸴ⲻ֪޷նϣٻ֮ˣͻԶȥ㻹ٻԶĥʧɣ
Ҷͨ龻ֳֵĶиܵм˷ӡ˸ƿءӡϢˡ
ö룬ֻо棬Ԫͨ
ȼհɣˣ
ҶһӣһɶĻ龻֣˲ס𣬾ʹ࣬˻£ּתͷһӣͳװ

ңԶ޽֮أĳԵĿռ䣡
һ̳֮̾һߣǾ棬Ԫ
ȻһңȻը
ԪȻۣһ㵣æҪץסϢһӰǾӰ
ϧʩ޷ֹӰ𽥵ʧƿ֮УջΪ̣Զʧ
Ԫһŭɶ
ϢʧҲˡôסһЩϢܷӡڡ
ԪôҲ벻ͨôϢͻȻըʧˡ
ˣǸӣ֪ʲôȻʧˣˣ
ڣƵϣ־֮ɫ£ԭƺûʲôΣգҪٳء
ʦṩټ壬칬ѾȥѰһɽҲŹʦٳأ׽
Ȼ䣬һɫӰھԪԿռϷ֪ԺηʮƮ졣
ǣԪӷּ
Ԫʩ񣬾͵õһɫķּ¶ɭɭЦݣ˵һССһּҲնɱ


1222 ˼⣨3
һɽ磬ããգһ̨ͨͷ⣡
ȥ꣡
ն졢ơ纺ʩչͨѸںϷ龻֮Уִδֹͣÿһת޾Ϣ
Ҷǰһֱۡ
ˣ
ͻȻת鶦΢΢һתҶȵǰˣմµѾγɣǷǾںϣ
Ҷȵתӵбĸ飬ȲҪںϣٻᣬٿʼںϣ
ǣ
תת뱾֮С
龻֣꣡
޵ľͨ龻֣ӵйڰˡȵȵֻͨҶΪ̫С޷Щڣʼ߶ӡ
һɹԣڻ龻ڲȼա
ֻٻѪȼѪʼȼգȻֳһģӰ
Ѫһ˵ֻ֮һʶѪʶʶγɻǡ
ٻѪݵѪγɵӰٻֻûκεʶ˵һֻǡ
Ҷȴȵ˫ۣ龻̺ٻͨںꡢն졢ơ纺ҶԼ˼ʼʽᣬ֮ǰٻٻĻǣĲʶٻӦϢڡ
֮ǰҶȿʼӴ䣬ҳӵлı統ȥͥβõġʯӱ⡢żеõ
˿̣նƣҲ׷׼ʱóصı
ʮǡԪйصıƯҶǰҶȿʼʩչ棬һĻ棬Ƿ𣬾
ʼʯȵȵı֮£Щ̵ıͳͳΪҺ壬ʼΪٻεѪںϡ
ѪҺˡ
ٻۣ
ڣҶҪʼҪ飬ٻٻѡӦǣʶ
նҶңעҶͬʱ߶̫һӿ龻֣žһء޷ͨӡ
ˣ
龻ֿʼ΢΢ƺҪӦʲôƼҶȡơն쿴ɶףǼٻٻɢһɽĻǣ˸Ӧ
ٻδӦ˵ٻůĻ龻֣κζ
ֵܣҪɹˣն̲סһ̾
Ҷоů뼤ٻģһͻ֮ǶԸħźܹؼӰ죬ħ֪ȻұͨߣӦĳطںһϰԵħħȻȥںϷħҲ˳̤볬ۣ
ħ
ն΢΢һ·𴥶ʲôҿ˵ҵڵʷϣй¼ϸԪ֮ǰħ֮һħΪħħ֮Уһ֣ʱħħһ޴ħ磬ħһħ֮ǿ󣬾ԷħԪˣڵȱ롮ħսû뵽񣬷ħˣ
Ԫ
նһֻǶϹŵĸ̾ѣҶȴĴǬǴԪĴڣǴȥӡ֮أĿģǽǸħֻû뵽ħһ˶޷ԦħȻҵħںˣǬҲ£
ʱǨڷӡ֮ط£඼δ֪صģعͷһҶȲſ顣
ӡ֮أǷħķӡ֮أ޼ʯǬҪָʵҪõ޼ʯ֪ΪΣõһ޼ʯһԪĴħȳħͬӪ
һǬӲöԸδɱҳ֣бɣԴ˵˼ôꡭ˵Ǭӣиı⣡
һϯ죬ȴҶδȥ񾭡
ϴһʶϢˣ
ͻȻħɭɭЦݡ
Ҷն졢纺ͬʱ龻ֻ֣龻ԽǿңȻǰգһ̳ģӰĺһúܳ·ʱʧɽС
ˣ
ӿʩչӡ龻ֺȻһתһٰʶӰ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ΧǰһᣬҶĿкһͻ
ֻڻ龻УںǱѪڣһӰȻģܿôţǱˣӢȴһݲɣٻ
նҶȼֿ꣺ɹˣܻռ٣ֻҪôһʶܴӺУռĻʶ
ɹˣ
޷ţٴοٻӰҲֹסϡﻩӿ޳һСˣ纺һ԰ο
ն쿴ˣǼŬһռʶǻǣٶһЩΪǣγɱȻǸӼ̵Ԫ񣡡
纺һϢ
ҶȡơնˣȻڻ龻ϴ߶龻ֿʼתٶԽԽ죬˸ܵѹҲԽԽ޴
ˣ
¹ȥ
龻ٴһ˶ʱϲؿȥգһʶӰٻ̱Թâ龻֮С
ֻٻʶ֮壬һЩѪ֮Уͬëûܲסκεƻ
ٴ¶ǿҵڴȴȥ
龻ֲϴһʶһСƬĻǣϵش˷ٻʶ֮壬˻ǣѾú״̬ѾǸɹˡ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬龻ֿʼת·ӦǿңٻĻǣϵ𶯡
ô£ն첻ؿҶȡ
磬ٻһĻǣڷҶȿˣһϿա
Ҷȴ߶龻֣ںϸǿգۣһüٻǣƯƺǣңڻ龻ֵٻУ뼸˼УЩԸһ
ٻ
Ҷȷ·֪ٻΪβԭȥٻȻڹ¶ĺڰУΪʦ֪ѰҪΪʦûǵͨصȥֻ֮ѭ㸴ѵ㲻Լ
Ϊʦ㸴㣬ûģԽİˣûж㣬һںڰĳ䣬ȴȥٻȴȥůĹâҵ㣬ʧȥʲôã
شжӦģȥźܱ֮⣬ֻȥԽ
ҶһֱһֺΧͣˡ
·ֻҶٻĻǡ
ܵܣɣ㻹δδȥ滭վź
ʦ㡭𣿡
ٻĻǣ𽥵һ˿ʶ
ԭԼ֪Ҷڸֻڤڤ֮УϤϢѰҶ
ҪѰҵģҶȣҲꡣ
İŮˡ



1223 ӭٻ
ؼΰ
ˣӵԴ޷漣
ٻͣңԶգǻѰңڵȴ·ٻĵطȥĵط
Ļ˶յ״̬ȴͬƵģعͷǰʦ㣬ǡǣ
ٻɣҵĺͽҶ¶Цݣٻһֱʧ룬γʶļȥͳͳˡ
ٻ˵ʦ㣡
ҶȿΧˣʼ߶龻֣ңĽ㣬λʦ壬Ƕڵ㣬ɣʦ޷İˣδֻԼȥ죬Ϊʦ֪ҲͨԼȥҵů磡
񡭡
Ȼ˵ٻʹ࣬תıգѰ꣬ûҵ񣬷·
ǣҶ˵ЩʲôʱٻȻع󲽵رܹڴ˼ϵձܡ
·Ҫĸ
龻֣ᣡ
״Ҷϴ߶龻֣һԹâֱƿնסٻһ龻֮С
ಣಡ
˿֣ѪɫٻĻǣһʶʼںϣڻ龻򻺻ʧ
龻Ҳ֮ܲУٻκεϢ
ٻһӭЦҸؽɴȥץסٻ˫֡
Ҷһץתƿžһ壬ͬʱҶȵǰ
ת֮
Ҷ֮£ת˫һģھ֮ϣʱͬʱѪɫٻӿ룬
ͬʱҶͷŷ𣬲סѪɫٻĻǡ
ķֳնһϤΪ𣬰ħĽ̾ϴӵĴУӵзȥ磬Խ壬ȡ޾̤۷壡
壡ն꣬ǵһִڡ

ҶȲϱ任˫֣һɹȼٻĻǣΧû˿ʹ࣬һɷڵĸоʼݣ壬ȿʼںϡ
ǾԪ뾸ԭɣպҶȲ׼
壬ħں壬ȻȾҪ߼ǧںΪ޷ǿ
֨֨
ͬһͷͷˣסڷ裬ʵ壬̬ܿں壬ѾȥԪ飬ֻһԽȡ
֮϶Ϊһֳһٻһģһ壬Ƥȵ
ĸ飬ھʱ
Уɳһ飬ǿʢȻƯԺ
նĿ˲䱻ĸĸ飬ֵܣȱ֪칬ж٣һҪ
ٺ٣ǵȻħһԣʮֵЦƺǱ뾸ϼһأ߸౦
˻һ
һڵûںϣڷȼ£ҶȻӶ˫֣һ
ֻٻʼ໥Ϸγ״̬Ҷһݣ֮С
꣡
һ̣øǿʢٻֻѪɫûģǻģϡƤ˰͸ɫҲޱȣ壬ʼ΢
ǿʢϢ𽥻Ϊƽһͨ˯ŵˣڷ֮С
ˣڴҶռ䣬úϢ
ҶȿˣȻһץ̨ͨռԼˣͳͳʧڲ
һɽգʲôҲû£
ռ䣡
纺ȥڲն̳ҷУҷ߿գҶƯ̳Ϸ·ȻΧٻ
ȻɹٻҪûȱݵظȴҪܳʱ䡣
Ѫ⣬˴磬ٻֻѪߵΪѪߣ⣡
Ҷ룬Ҫٻεȵں壬Ͼھ֮ڣӵоԭںϵѪѪԭѾ˼󷴶Ϊ˼¡
ѪߣٻѪ壬ӵѪѾԽ󲿷ˡ
ҶȻΪǿѾûУҶʱûʣ
ǿ԰һʮٻںϣһؼ䣬ٻǵӵʮˣ
һ뷨һݸһΪʦе˼ǣҶԺϵγɣóٻ
ҶȵܣҶȵĵ̣óʮʵһʮΣյ£̫ðգٻӵʮٵܣ֪ôΣգһץסôҶӵʮٵϢᱻ֪
һϵеķӦʮٻȻǺ£Ǻõһ棬ǰŻһ档
Ҷȵͽܣ͸ӵһġ
˼Ƭ̣ҶȻ¶ģҪʮһٻӴˣٻӵгԽˡѪߣûе
ٿ
һ㣬һɺ嫵ԶҶұ۾֮Уӿ·죬񷡣
һ˿ɫ̺ɫҶָ⣬峿ҶϣŵһĿĳ¶
ʯһָ׼ȷصٻüģʱɫӿٻȫƤ²㾭ӿͬϢ
ʦǡû뵽ֻһʮ·޷ȱٵӣٻԪ񣬱㷢һ΢
ƺٻʶҶ֮Уضٻǻ֮ʮ磬Ϊʦֻ㣬ӵӴָԽˣҪеģᣬֻҪУ
ʮ١ٻ˵⼸֣ٴγ˯
ϴãʮٵبźУħشһഫ
ҾôһͽܣȻҪΪ룬Ҳ㣬һδ磬˵Ԥϵı仯
δ£˭Ҳ˵ʮٶʧʲô鲻ᷢǽֱӵĹؼֻҪӵɳǾͿԴ磬ֱӵ
ôһ죿
ҶȻۣٻԲھԼںѪߡʮԼŬںϵٶȾԽ죬ȻյٶȣԽˡ
ЩҶȴܰǰ࣬
ٻһʯ¡ħȻֶһգɽ硭
ڱչеҶȣȴһΰĿ⣬δֶ졭Ϲͥ칬ˡͥǬδɽ磬ȼҵ֮·ʹӵڿʼ
ڣϻеİɽ糬
ҶҪץסᣬ֤Լ棬Ҫն֮λһж
㶼㲻ˡ


1224 ĺ
ųеڴˡ
ֻǵȴʱ˱߳ôӾۼˣ׷ɢƬ̼ƽ
ɣڵǣ
˼ΪĮȻ˵һ䣬Ȼ󷽣ɽĹʯȥҶȡն졢ƽ󣬺ܿƹӣɽ
ɽ񣬵ƽԭǰļţƺܾûŵΧӲݣһδηԽɽǰּé®һƬ̡쳣ʢ֡
֣ҶȻһ磬Ԫ񵶾Ƭ֮УӣƬ֣򵥣һ󷨣ﵽȻΪһ¯ĵز
ҲӦˡд󷨣û˿ȡ߿Ԫ񵶣Ȼֵпܣߣ
ն˵ƺ֪ҶǧͼԴƿУ߿Ԫ񵶡
ϸ˲ƺ֪֣Ӳ֪նֻǵˣȥӵλߡ
һṦ˾һƬߣ𽥼®΢Ĳ®ʣ®ںһЩ®պںԱߣΪԴ֣®󷽣µĵط
ȿȡСԪӣȻشӣû£ˣ֮뿪
Ҳ®ȻһͨĿ֮óһ˿Ǹˣһ˱㹪ĬĬȥ
ӴСӡ
Ȼ®һ̫ŵЩ⣺һڣһڣһڡСĴڣҵںˣ
ӣСˣѾӦԪ񵶵Ĵڣˣû֣ϵϢʮأһһϣˣͷҲ͸ķӡܣǸڵСӡӦøӦˣǹ˵ӵһݿԪ񵶣
Ŷȷǹ˵Ϣ̫ŵԽľˣһ˿˿񡢴̶̡
⣬˵ΪֺǱǲݣֻҪӵпԪ񵶣̤УȥѰҪĶֻΪףûϣˣǲҪ
Ҳ®УǸ˲ɣ˵
ðɡλǰ֪أնѾûǷݴݡ
֪ˣǷ񶼿Խ֮УҶȽʵ
ͷӵ˽ȥԣû˿ɹܣܴУʲôܶ߿Ԫ񵶣ԣ
ħͻȻǰһͬʱҶն򣺡𣡡
ǣ
ն컹ڵĲ®ʩԵڵĵ棬ľͷڵػߣȻǲֵڲȴڵΣ֮ʣͦڣҶĸԸ
ֵã𾴣һݴ壡
һȼ磬ͦذף֣Ҳ®߹𽥿֡

ǰʱȻһ΢磬һЩʼҡΣ֨֨һ𽥵ص
飬˼ããǣȥ֤ԼĲŻɣߵִ
ߣ
໥һۣ޷̤֮УǶҶȡƻն죬磬һξ
֨
Ȼ䣬ɫ任ķҡҷ֮ǰƯĴ񣬿ʵ磬һһͨļ

ȻնһָǰߴƬϷȻʬ壬ֲסеĳΪʬеƺûȥã֮ΪڵΪڶ֮С
ˣ
һЩҶӸ߿£ҶѾоΧڼٵıãӡʼԶû˿ƣԶ
ĺ
ͻȻͬʱ֣ڰգһ
ݣݣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ĵ񣬿ʼ仯һ񣬷·һ㣬춼ǣڵƶȻȻ˶

˵ͷųһ񣬾ھͷķŭһ湥Ǵ˷ӭ˵޴ɶ㣬춼ֻ֣÷ֵסơ
ͣ
͵һײ֮У˳ħûκα仯Ҷն챻ײͬʱһѪɫˢס
ڵĹҶȵʵڿȣϾǿߣն죬ΪҲڣҲŸոջָƣ˶޷ס飬˱Ѫ
ʵ̫⻹󷨣Ԫ񵶵󷨣ǿϰٱжɹһٵǡϧӣǵڵĺˣŻУ̫У̫ȨƣעΪѾ֮С
ڴʱߵ
ħðɣΧʱµٺ٣ƥĪ⣬֪ǣȡԪΪȨƣ
ΪȨƣΪʲôߴ䳰ɻ֮Ц
ǰ
ն˵ˣסƣڴӺ󷽣Ҷڱ֧նֻĵڵδΣ㣬ûУ־㵶ĵڣΪȨ໥ڧ꣬ǵ治ǲ֪ʲôҵĸףΪڶΪɽĶӣȡԪ񵶣Ϊ˼̳־쵶ˣ
һʱ𣺡˵õǹûʣˣĸ˵컨׹ģĸΪң
磬˵ôҲǷϻԹκۻģͬɴǰ㣬ҲҪִһδʱȻԼǶôĿǳҶնߣɫѾࡣ
ֵ˵ļǣնȻЩ顣
ܣ
Ҷ̻Ӷ˫֣ʼҪʩչǿķͬʱն죺ҪþڲԣʩչǿķԡΪ̵ķҪЩ˿˵ķ緶
ħʱ߶˫֣һɹӿٺ٣⣡ϴ䣡
ɣ
ն죬̳һԣһɶ೤񵶣ԵڵʥԪ֮һ
Ԫ񵶣ôֻһʥӴżΪ˵
ٿٿٿ
Ƶڶִڱ任ʱҶͻȻģӿһܣˣγһԷң֮УŨҵԣȫԽɵڵ
ôܣ
£ͷסˣԱŨԣ˫ɣǣҲʮ֮һԡ
λ棬ǿŰɡ󣬿¶Ҫˣնƺ֪ҶҪʩչͨ¶Цݡ
ڴš
𽥻ָƽΪֵܵã

ֿʼӿͷŸ󷨣һ󷨴߶֣˷ûһ˿϶γ˳ơ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ܣһþҡΣƾҪ飬նƣȫվҶңҶʩչͬķӡܶԿ֮


1225 
ǰ
ɹֵסڶܷ֮˲ҶȳХƾƯ롣
Ҷȡն졢Уϵᷨӡִݽߡ
ৣ
ĺȻ䣬ǰǰһɺ嫡ĴͻأγɣϹͥġ춼ǣ޷ܣֻûһֺ֮·
ڣͬʱһ󷨣δ̫ףնߣһڵôĽںϣ࿰ڣڵԲ
ҪǼŨȱɡҵ֮ߣ˺ܣд⣬ֻ̡ҶȺ𽥵ػÿһɣԡ
˺Ƶ֮ǰƥ֮£ֻͬ󷨺ϻܿס
ݣݣ
ʼųӿܷһϣᱻ̳ǧٿף顣

һش֮ϣرѰڲˣһҡͷԣҺܶᣬȻҪ飬Ȼ̡
˾군ˡ
ȥЩ򡭡
Ҷȿʼʩչˣ
񷷨̺һ֣
ʱҶȰѷӡնƣͬٶȣͬƣᷨӡ˵ע֮УӡԽˣܣҲɿֲЩƱ棬Ѿ˽ۡ
ѷ죬Ǳһǿд̳ĺۼľ԰Եɼִжôˡ
΢΢ʧ
ִһƯΧֱһӰǸ׷ӣҲͬǸˣ˶ǶеƵĵۣŵϵĵλ
ǰ׷ӵǰǿߣڽ֮⣬û뵽ˣȴܼ֣
Űɣϣ漣Ԫ񵶣ǵ˸ںϵһ죡ͷҡҡͷʲôģ
ϴ⽣󹥻Ӳϣʩչǿдͨһͨ
֮УУ˳ѹԽԽˣϾҶΪ̫ͣԣ޷ԵŨȣᵽӾĵزԣȻֻͬһ״
ͻȻվϵ˵
ҶȵͷʵΪǿǺãܷ֮ڣڽУһͨȻã
ӡ
ħܻ䣬ʿĵڸǰʩչɴ۵һɹɷӡ漴ͷų˳ƵܣиĽۣɼ˺жôǿһˣһء
Ҷһǳƣն죬֮С
ʲôϢ
򷨵Ϣѵɴ۵
ػԪ񵶵ǿߣƺӦʲôһһǰƺ֮ܿзһС
ǰ׷ӣһ̾Ȼɴ۵ֲãˣʢʢԭвȻɴ۵Ĵߡ˵ĪҪʱˣ
꣬ҿɾйʵġɴ䣬˵ʧڵû䣬Ҳʧȥϵû뵽ʱֵٴ˵ͷҲ̾ѡ
̧ͷʱԼǶôϵĴڣһƣͬɽݺᣬ֪¶µӡǡ
𣡣
ΧĽ֮У
ħͻȻɳ֮У˫ƾһƣֻһɹɻΪƣӭĽ濹⣬ɲǼ䣬춼Ǿҵ𶯣飬Ҳʧ
һͬ
𽥵أγһͨһ԰ףɼĶܿڵĽ·һӡƿʼƾվͨԽԽ䡣
ҶնӿʩչӡٶȣԽԽ죬ƾշٶԽԽˣųħǿƿִͨ롣
ϴ󣬰뽣ƽɫ޾޷Ըħ¶ǸЦݡ
Сģֱˣ
ҶնͬʱǰнԶͬʱֿʼƶȻһƯķ飬Ƿ籩еɳ
Ҫˣսף
ǲԸһ֣ƯŵĴ󷨣ʱ߶һɳһ⣬ʱһѩ׵սֳսѥսסͷ޼᲻ݵ֮
ɽ
һ٣ֳ֮ް֮٣һ̣֮ͷĽƣΪĽƽǺŴĴ֮
ɴ۵Ȼֻǰ֮ڣЩ޷ģ֮еľ
֮սף
ﶼɫ·ս׵ĳħϣݺɽ޵֣ɴ۵ķɡ
ݣ
ƽųƴն£ɽֱڴ֮ϣĺ
ڽ£һһ飬ƽҲޱƶĴһ顣
ǳħʵڽ棬õɴ۵Ŀ齫δʩչѾ⡣
ݡ
ǵ֮ɲǼ䣬춼֮ͷų޵нƣһɾ޴ƽݺڴ֮Уһը飬
û뵽ֵǿף
·ڣնҶȻʩչͬӡǰնϷƣ߶ս֮뵶ڿֲ棬·磬ʶֶ
Ҷɫ£ʩչ֮䣬նһ̾ϢЦ磬Ƶݺأڲܸ㣬֮ȫģδʩչȡԪ񵶣ǿн֮սֻҪõԪ񵶱ɣ磬ĿǰúϢ󣬶ȡԪ񵶣Ҫ㣬ֻﵽ
ֻܿԪ񵶡ն룬ʩٵ֮¡

ʱħ𵱿һЦ󣬾Ȼձ߶֮ȫ˳һ֡
ǣٶȣûóƵƬֻ̣һλûܼĴ񣬶Ϊһ޳񵶡
ѩɫǵ뵶Ǵɫȫɫûзֱֻƿȴʮɡ
СӣҪģСЩ񵶣ҵڣһ棬ġ൶һСģҪԴģͷһ񵶴̩ͬɽһƶ
ͫԵ棬ɭɭħջ֮ѩ״Žɫͷսף൶ǿս׵
ٿ
ĺȻ֮䣬һ񵶣·ʱһиյƣħն
ħ˰ԵȻûֻս׳һ֮Ես֮ϡ

꣡
֮Ȼ޷սһ֣ûս֮ڵĳƣб÷飬񼦵ʯͷࡣ


1226 ӭٻ
ؼΰ
ˣӵԴ޷漣
ٻͣңԶգǻѰңڵȴ·ٻĵطȥĵط
Ļ˶յ״̬ȴͬƵģعͷǰʦ㣬ǡǣ
ٻɣҵĺͽҶ¶Цݣٻһֱʧ룬γʶļȥͳͳˡ
ٻ˵ʦ㣡
ҶȿΧˣʼ߶龻֣ңĽ㣬λʦ壬Ƕڵ㣬ɣʦ޷İˣδֻԼȥ죬Ϊʦ֪ҲͨԼȥҵů磡
񡭡
Ȼ˵ٻʹ࣬תıգѰ꣬ûҵ񣬷·
ǣҶ˵ЩʲôʱٻȻع󲽵رܹڴ˼ϵձܡ
·Ҫĸ
龻֣ᣡ
״Ҷϴ߶龻֣һԹâֱƿնסٻһ龻֮С
ಣಡ
˿֣ѪɫٻĻǣһʶʼںϣڻ龻򻺻ʧ
龻Ҳ֮ܲУٻκεϢ
ٻһӭЦҸؽɴȥץסٻ˫֡
Ҷһץתƿžһ壬ͬʱҶȵǰ
ת֮
Ҷ֮£ת˫һģھ֮ϣʱͬʱѪɫٻӿ룬
ͬʱҶͷŷ𣬲סѪɫٻĻǡ
ķֳնһϤΪ𣬰ħĽ̾ϴӵĴУӵзȥ磬Խ壬ȡ޾̤۷壡
壡ն꣬ǵһִڡ

ҶȲϱ任˫֣һɹȼٻĻǣΧû˿ʹ࣬һɷڵĸоʼݣ壬ȿʼںϡ
ǾԪ뾸ԭɣպҶȲ׼
壬ħں壬ȻȾҪ߼ǧںΪ޷ǿ
֨֨
ͬһͷͷˣסڷ裬ʵ壬̬ܿں壬ѾȥԪ飬ֻһԽȡ
֮϶Ϊһֳһٻһģһ壬Ƥȵ
ĸ飬ھʱ
Уɳһ飬ǿʢȻƯԺ
նĿ˲䱻ĸĸ飬ֵܣȱ֪칬ж٣һҪ
ٺ٣ǵȻħһԣʮֵЦƺǱ뾸ϼһأ߸౦
˻һ
һڵûںϣڷȼ£ҶȻӶ˫֣һ
ֻٻʼ໥Ϸγ״̬Ҷһݣ֮С
꣡
һ̣øǿʢٻֻѪɫûģǻģϡƤ˰͸ɫҲޱȣ壬ʼ΢
ǿʢϢ𽥻Ϊƽһͨ˯ŵˣڷ֮С
ˣڴҶռ䣬úϢ
ҶȿˣȻһץ̨ͨռԼˣͳͳʧڲ
һɽգʲôҲû£
ռ䣡
纺ȥڲն̳ҷУҷ߿գҶƯ̳Ϸ·ȻΧٻ
ȻɹٻҪûȱݵظȴҪܳʱ䡣
Ѫ⣬˴磬ٻֻѪߵΪѪߣ⣡
Ҷ룬Ҫٻεȵں壬Ͼھ֮ڣӵоԭںϵѪѪԭѾ˼󷴶Ϊ˼¡
ѪߣٻѪ壬ӵѪѾԽ󲿷ˡ
ҶȻΪǿѾûУҶʱûʣ
ǿ԰һʮٻںϣһؼ䣬ٻǵӵʮˣ
һ뷨һݸһΪʦе˼ǣҶԺϵγɣóٻ
ҶȵܣҶȵĵ̣óʮʵһʮΣյ£̫ðգٻӵʮٵܣ֪ôΣգһץסôҶӵʮٵϢᱻ֪
һϵеķӦʮٻȻǺ£Ǻõһ棬ǰŻһ档
Ҷȵͽܣ͸ӵһġ
˼Ƭ̣ҶȻ¶ģҪʮһٻӴˣٻӵгԽˡѪߣûе
ٿ
һ㣬һɺ嫵ԶҶұ۾֮Уӿ·죬񷡣
һ˿ɫ̺ɫҶָ⣬峿ҶϣŵһĿĳ¶
ʯһָ׼ȷصٻüģʱɫӿٻȫƤ²㾭ӿͬϢ
ʦǡû뵽ֻһʮ·޷ȱٵӣٻԪ񣬱㷢һ΢
ƺٻʶҶ֮Уضٻǻ֮ʮ磬Ϊʦֻ㣬ӵӴָԽˣҪеģᣬֻҪУ
ʮ١ٻ˵⼸֣ٴγ˯
ϴãʮٵبźУħشһഫ
ҾôһͽܣȻҪΪ룬Ҳ㣬һδ磬˵Ԥϵı仯
δ£˭Ҳ˵ʮٶʧʲô鲻ᷢǽֱӵĹؼֻҪӵɳǾͿԴ磬ֱӵ
ôһ죿
ҶȻۣٻԲھԼںѪߡʮԼŬںϵٶȾԽ죬ȻյٶȣԽˡ
ЩҶȴܰǰ࣬
ٻһʯ¡ħȻֶһգɽ硭
ڱչеҶȣȴһΰĿ⣬δֶ졭Ϲͥ칬ˡͥǬδɽ磬ȼҵ֮·ʹӵڿʼ
ڣϻеİɽ糬
ҶҪץסᣬ֤Լ棬Ҫն֮λһж
㶼㲻ˡ


1227 ޷
ɴ۵սףȻ鴫δ˭ɴĽ죬Ҽݹ屦
һһŮ棬档
ǻʲôûȴΪս׵ڵ񵶣ȫ޷սװ֡
ߣʲôɴۣ֣սңٺ٣Ȱﵽǵȸ߶ȣս׽ӷǷ
ħХվ֮ǰݺİԵ񵶣ֱӰͦأȻһȭȭʼӿһ񵶣濹⣬񵶴󣬴󲿷ֶһ赲
ڵҶն죬ᷨӡʱǳ֣պԵػʥĴȻ׶ȹ
ëͷСӣĴܴ󷨣ʣһ󷨣ǣ
񵶴·ҪʧͷȻƯ
ģŻ
ħʮֵض˶ӣ񵶴Կѵʲôģ
Ȼڵڴˡ
񵶴󻺻ʧһʧִһα仯Ȼ֮䣬Ĵ񣬳ΪһŵĴ̴󹭣ʮôߴӵеϢѾǴﵽڡ
ǿĴ󡭡ѾȶٵҶͻȻüͷһ壬һԵնҲΪǿߣܵǴ̴󹭵
ڳħҲ侲֮ǿ׵壬Ȼ֪Է
ৣ
仯δһĴ̴󹭣ʼ໥ںϣʮŴںΪһţȻʮֹ
ϹŶˣթɣΪδﵽ˿ֲزɫ𽥽һŴ̴ѳڣʮŹںΪһţȫﵽٵ
ʱˣϷǼƽϣ󣬱֮Խ࣬Խǿ󣬴ԶӦܾûߵˣ
ߣ
һߣʱüͷһ壬ΪǴѾһ̹ʮɳˮͰôִ
֮
̹Ա֮٣ͻأȻֻйյ
ݣ
ݺһԾڰգ·þȫ֮Ǵ̹ͷһɷâʱཻ
¡
ͣ
֮ôӳħ룬һ㣬һѪ֮ǿޱȣƸûȫȥԦʹǴ̹Ѿó߽⡣
ڵȶٵѾ첻漣
ƣ㣡
ΣҶȼ״תóƽ֮Уô˶̹ܵ˶ҪΣնԻ֮󣬱ͷųͬնһͬᷨӡವһɳܡ
ƼҶȷڵⲻһ࣬Ϊί·ίϴ
ΪڳһصҶȣʵҲϲ٣һĵ˵֣ԸЩӦûж⣬򣬴֮֮Уϲ񷷨޷򡯣ϾԴ԰ѿռתƣȻǾԵתƣȴܰκιתʹƫƹ
ã޷򣡡ħҪʼˡ
ء
ڴʱҶҼͷ޷·˯ˣǸоʲôȻҡСβ͡
ʵ㣬ʲôԺԵģ
ҶûΣգȻΪ˴񣬱;ǿҶܸܵ޸ܸܵ
ֻʵʵҶȼͷȴû˯ƵģСβͣʵһᶯһ
ˣϴ󣡣⹭ʵڿֲӦûжٵﵽڵ۷壬ǶںΪһ壬Թʮǿһ˵ңǰǼˣʩչ𣬷һУ
˰ɣϹŶڣʩչͨҲǶ֣ǵĿ겻ǿн֣ǶȡԪ񵶣
ҶԸӦħŭ⣬ƢԣԲܳԿһ㣬Źˡ

һ񹭼γɣΧЩ󹭣Ҳʼṭƺʼһ֧һ֧ͷţһͬͷţγġ뷢ĳ
ԣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȴ߶Ĳ̫һҲԾռԣҪԣںϷ֮УԣӵԼɵϢ
ϴôõҲóһãħ״ί̾

Ҷͫ¶һԶĿ⣬Ȼüͷһ˵࣬Ͽ϶࣬Ǵƹأսǰʹãֲǿĵ棬ֻѴǣˣ޷ԦʩչжƻԣҲ޷Ԥϣ
һɽһɽߡ
ҶȵʹԽɵôػԪ񵶵ĵ棬ȻҲ취Ը
գҶһҲ޷⵶棬ͷԿĻԼ
Ԫ
Ҷȴһӡһɹ˷
ͷžԴռҶƿأɿռ䣬ȻҲͿƿռ䣬Ŀռͨ

Ĵ̹ȻҶǰףգ۾ʮס
ֻҶͬӡڴ̹ҪҶһ̣·ռһֻ֣μ򵥵ڴ̹Աһ£̹أı˷򣬴ҶҲգٿȻնȥ
ϴ䣡ֹͣᷨӡôƫƣʱ
㻹뷢ͲöԸˣǱ෨ӡƿƬռ䣬Ȼйǰÿռ伷ѹһһı䷽򣡡
Ҷȳ˿֮ϣ
ʵ޷޵ϣˣ޵ˣûд˼Ȼúߣȥ
ӡСӣû뵽ͨԶңԶҰ
ǶӣʤǣӦõġ
һξ
ͻͻͻ
󷨿ռ俪ʼҡҷ֣ʼƯʮŴ̴󹭣ٿȻʮ֧̹
׼
ҶͬʱӣɫϾѣԸһֻףԸô࣬Ͳˣ˼ٽӡ٣Ѿ޷ۿȣһΣҶʩչ˾ֹ
һӡͷţʮ֧ǰĿռ䣬ͻȻüžУٶȹȻһЩǻǿ龲ֹĿռ䡣
Ѿֹ顣
㷨ٸ£ûΪҲ޼££ֻ顢Ȼ󳹵ʧ
ҶȲҪֹ򣬰йֹ赲ٶһѾﵽ
ڼٶȵĹʱҶͬʱһף·קסʮֻ߿׳ȥ
ϴˣɫָĹ¶Цݡ
û꣬һ˽һ˵ĹҪʩչз򣬵һƬķռ䣬ĥ뷢ʱ̣ǰ׼Ҷȿûɿ


1228 ߵ
ħͫħ⣬ȻҶȣϴھϼ壬ǲǵõ鱦ǲǸ棬ǿʩչȻȴǴĴڣϸ˵
ʼնΪͰ˵ֲ֮УȿȥӦһаɣԼҶĿ˵
ٺ٣Ҿ鷳÷ֱӣֱħͷһͯӡ
磬ǼֲסҪ˵
Ҷ·֮УϽӡն˵
ն¶Ǹ硢⡢еЦݣҡҡͷǣҳʲôС˼ˣ
ţ
ʱ򣬿Ĳһĺ
Ҷȿն˼ƣ֪նѾﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣ˵ѾԽߡ塢Դд𵶾һ𣬻пԪ񵶣ȻֻڣնѾﵽںܸߵĸ߶ȡ
гƣĿǰֻʹɴ۵ĴûʹãǱӦûӦ֡
Ҷȣͨδʩչ
ȡ̣˼ƴôǱǿɱЧһȥƴƴǿ̫ˡ
ˣĵҪˣ
˶ɿʱ
ģ
Ҷȡơն춼һȻֹ뷢ɲһ֧ʮ֧Ĺһ֧˵ƣôʮ֧óˣ֧ƿµ˵궼޷ָ
񷷨ޱߣ
ԶֹеķҶħͬķӡͬʱӡ
Ҷȵķʩչǿһ
ҶȵѾǰδţǿһѾԽڡﵽڵ

ַںϣΪз򣬶֮γ֮ҶȡơնǰİգܼһƬпռ䣬һǽ̬һƽŵֽƵġ
ȥƯĺɰ
ͻͻͻͻ
Ȼ֮䣬һ籩ϯĴ̴󹭣ͬʱǿֲĹһʱ䣬춼ǱƵĴ̹
䣡
зռ䣬ַ֮öҡΣòٹı˷򣬼̺ԹЩɵպñѹ
ಣ
һֹȻ͸з򣬳Ҷֱ
޷򣡡
Ҷͬʱֿ˫֣Ȼſָһ֧֧һֱһץЩǿеץռ䣬˦һ֧һ֧
ԶԶȥҶơնڵƣ·һųĹһ֧һ֧ų⣬𿪡
Լʮ֮Ҷƣͬһ麹ɫ԰֮ʣʧǰһŴ󹭣Ҳҡҷʧˡ
ϲǣһ󷨣ʬɣ
һ̱Ҷ˾ȻǰʧʧһλûȻһ̣ʬ塣
Щʬ壬Ȼʬ壡
ʬ
նͻȻ˵ˣǰǧ򲻶ϳֵĵʬ̾ϢЩʬǰҵնɱǿУɵǰռӦֻкһ֣û뵽֮г֣
ӵ𽥵𣺡ĶӣȷЩǵڹȥĵˣҲɵĵˣڵĸ֣һɱŵɽٸʱգָǰΪҵڣһΪڵӣĶ󣡡
ǰ۷壬ǶٵĴڡԣǵҲǰ鷳ˣնȻҶơ
ȷǸ鷳ԡɵǣðķ
ˡ
Ҷȵ֪ɶԸȻһˡϣӵдߵǵһԶŵǿߣΪͨ붾˿պʺϴңֿˣǾͲƻµЩʬ
ʬȻǵڵı
ʩչֻл

ն̼һЦҶȵͷʧҶعڣնһԾҶҷһһңǰǰǿӦǰĴڣͨ춯أκһʩչСڻ޷ʹãǸʱȥ׼У
ٺ٣ϴ󣬸պÿħа̡ħ¶аЦݡ
Ҷȵ磬ĴʣȲҪ¶ȡԪ񵶣֪ʲôѵ㣬Ϊ㸺ںϲɣΣִ߶ߵںһӦгʮ֮һʩչ붾˿ӦÿסЩʬ
ãնͷڣȻʱ
ҶħϢѾЩͬƣ߶ʩչ붾˿
ãѾȲʱ߶
ʱҶȡơնڡԺһԶţŲͬˡ˫ͫˡ
䣡
ʱǰĵʬѾжץһ
ҶƴʱڴУֵĳʮնͬѾһŻ泤۵ĳ۴ü֣ĺɫӡƺڸǳ񷡣
նҶȡƿĸƿسͨȻ࣬һһѷӡʱҶƣ
Ȼ䣡
һɹž綾Ϣв
ӣϢ
룬Ǹͷӣסˣһ󷨣ΪƾʬҶ˱Ƴ󣬻նɱڿҶˣͬʱʩչͬķӡͷͬٴξѡ
ô£ˣ幦ˣȫ֮ͬǰһСӣȻʩչҵʱͺ𾪣һͷħ֮ӣҲͷϢ·ڱԴһ
ǰ׷ӣͬҶȡơնΪѾƳ棬ҶȿʩչԡԼʩչħնԴ߶һҲų⡣
ô飿
·𣬳ǵıԴ
ˣħ񣬾ȻͬʱʹЩ˵ǰ
ЩϹŶô֪ߵĴڣ
Ҷȡơն죬ӵдߵʣ
붾˿󣡣
ҶȡơնӡٿȻɱǿʬǰһǿȼն˿Ӱս٣˲糱ˮʬȥ
ʬʼʩչԲٵȼն˿
Ч
ǵĵиȼն˿֮ϣȻһδȼն˿ȼն˿һϣͬź˿Ͽʼγȼն˿סһʬʬʼ
ǵĶŭôս
еĵʬ棬еͷħҲеΣǶ޷նȼն˿
ȼն˿·ҲȫԣѹЩʬǿն϶˿ϾˣûʶֻϹѡ


1229 ֮
Ǵߵ
ԽõԽ࣬ڣͻγɸֵ˵̬ʿ
ʱ֮Ǹʱڣ֮еǿߣΪǴߣŻһͳɽ
һߵγɣ˵ʱ˺ͣŻᵮһ
û֪ߵĴڣڵĵ棬Ҳ֪֮УնӵǿҵĴɾͣȻվͬ߶ȣδһᳬԽվ硣
󲿷ֵʬѾȼն˿ס޷ѹȴܲסǣ޷ɱʣʮʬҶȵն죺һֵʬ磬Ѿһͨʣµĵʬ㶨ȥȡԪ񵶰ɣ
ã
նƺҲ뵽һ㣬ֹͣӡ춼ȼն˿Ϊߵǿ̾ʬ֮УγɵͨҲûпҶһۡ
˿̿ʼҶƣѾ޷ն죬ֻһˣȡ߿Ԫ񵶡
ļ̳ߣֻʸȥȡ
ϴ󣬲ˣѹЩʬҪʱȥǵˣͷն֣ҲҪˣ
ħ˸黫ͫ⣬ɭɭؿǰҶȴ
Ҳģϴⰵ㣬ȡԪ񵶵;С˭Ҳ֪ЩûͶеˣԽԽеˣϵ֪ΪʲôţЩ棬Ϲ۵
һݵģҶӣܵ棬ն̫ѹһ·أƣն٣һѹնȥһ
ϧ̫ϡ裬򳹵װ̺ĹǿͳͳѧᣬǸġ֮𡯣ʮƿʼᷨӡȼն˿ϸס൶ʬ
ߵѾҶȵǳڶ֡
֮𣬴ӦûžŵǿԶС
֮ҶΪ˽ŵ棬һȻ֮ڴ𣬻ĪУͷųԽʵ޵
Ѿ߶ǧͼͨΧ꣬ȡñԴӦʲô⡭Ǿ伫ƼˣҿҪʲôӣϣҶ룬һ󣬿ʼһǰ
ն죬ѾӰ
߹ʬϷն죬Ȼ䣬ûǰһϵļ̨棬һһҵ࣬󷽰գƯ񵶣ĿԪһѡ
·ٻն죬һ·۶ȥ
ߵˣܶˣһ·Ҳмˣ󣬶һأ
λ̫ţϵݶƺˣն죬Ȼһݺ뾪ϲ˵ʮֳ棬ɼʵж
ҲǸͷӣƾͨͨģǴݵĵۣ뵽Ǿǵڵĵ档
ն컺ߣȻ˫ϥͨһ£ػն죬ݼλǰ
ͷӻ̾ãһ桭û뵽㶼ˣܺãδ㣬ЩĲףѰ㸸־У
նվȻŹ˵ʵ֮ǰλ棬ɽһڲǡ֮ûҪıڵڣδ
˵ĺܶԣÿһˣвͬΣǵΣػڵδ֮𣬲Ϩ𣬶ΣǼ̳ĸѵڣδãڶѿԪ񵶾ܵõǻ㣡ͷӼ˵
նЩ⡣
ӣз˫۵Ӧò֪ÿһ棬ƿһˣҲƿȻȲϾŵʮ򣬵ҲģСܵõеĿԪ񵶣ʸ񣬵õǵÿһĵ棬ȥڶɽ֮УҲ޷⣬Ϳûʸõ
ɣȡԪ񵶰취ܼ򵥣󣬵ķȻֻõնɱǵ㿼飬֤Եڵãɣ
ͷӺȻһ֣̫ҲһӡǰһԲε󷨣УֳӰӡͷһģһ
磡
磬ӿӰһĵҶƣ˷һǾѹЩֲǿĵʬ
ãֹɣң
նͷҲûлһ£ʱҶƶפ㣬ǰһ֣˵ŵ꣬ڴ˿̱
նһץšſԪ񵶣߽Բδ֮С
ողնֱˣһ°ԲͷһԵɵ
ͷӻӶСӣɣ
֤ʱˣ
ӺȻӶԲһȻٿȻһ˲ƵٶȣնǰûնӦ䵶Ѿն硣
ͣ
һѪһѪڣն֮ϡ
ֻһӾҡҡͷƺЩʧٶȡӦã̫ˣԵĸ֪̫٣̫٣ûѵĺ
ǰ֪ûиӦĴڣնֻǷһ䣬ȻûлӶԪ񵶡
ٿ
ڴʱͷͬ籩ɱ
һȴնˣɵſֲĹɲǣնȴˡ
λǰǰֵֻһһںǼ𣬵ļ£ʲôãںն΢΢ؿ˵
棬ʩչ𣿡
ͷӵһͷȡ
ٽһ
ӻһֱ٣ЩĬԣǳʱȫ֮뵶ϣһ䵶ѾնҼ磬նѾӦӴ߶Ҫһ
ǻһЩһҼ֮ϡ
굶
ͷӶȻƣƾڳ֮䣬ҲնʵĴų̶ȡ
նɱǵ޷õԪ񵶡

ɲǼ䣬춼ǵ˳ƵĵӰնѾ·ˣնҲûѡһһݣ֪ʲôӶԪ񵶣ͷӵһײ
ֵնֳҶƣһڣնĵ
ݡԾס룬նͷӣʩչͬ˶ò£ǣնģͷأն󱳡ȶ˵Ŀġ
ӣȻûٳһƺΪ֣նѾ޷õԪ񵶡
һ̫ˣ
ն첪ȻһŭͻȻеĿԪ񵶣һֲ״̬ͷһ仰ӿٶȣնϣ¼˺ۡ
ڴʱնͻȻˣ·û˺ûĵҲ쳣ı䣬ص֣֮
ݣ
ͷҲһһնţնӳĿԪ񵶣Ҳͷӵ
Ե
ͣ
Ȼ֮䣬ţһѪ
ʲô㲻ͷӸţȻָĵڣѪ


1230 һ
նͬһ𣬶ŵѪڣһ߳ӴĿģȴЦˣ˵ˣҵǰֻûҵĵŻ𣬴һһﶼκε׷۷壬նɱǿеģ
ôȻң𵶾ĵ塣
ЦЦɱǧһǧĵֱɱߴ˷򣡡ͷӴĿ⣬ǿҵ˵
Ȼˣ˭Ҳ޷赲ҵĵ
նȻһ˿ЦݣӣһɣҵĵȻÿһȥ
ͷӣҪְСӸѹˣ̫һе䵶һֳ
ϴû°ɣӣ棬᲻ᰵиǿǰҶħ۾Ҳգ£һֱڣնĶ򣬳¶һݵģ
Ҷҡҡͷˣƺǰ޳ܡ绹оԴߵδʩչ˼ҪĽ׶Σʩչô𵶾ںϵյھԴӦûʹã
ٺ٣ԴʩչϹŶӦûᱻһħҲ𽥷ȻҶȷĵһ棬ʱʱ̣̿Σգÿϡ
·ͷˣ
̻Ӷ䵶ͬʱһһңΧն죬ӳ쵶ݺ
Դ
նĺһôɲǣڶǿߵʱֶʮ˺ۣѾ·磬Ҫѹ֮ʣͻȻһա޵Ϣ
ˣȻʼ·ȼۣ֮湥·ߣǸոճնܳһӶԪ񵶣ΪһԼĵÿһͷų쾡¡
Ŷ
мʮͿԿơѹն죬˭뵽ھеն죬һ䣬ÿٲ˵Χз빥ĵԽԽâɡ
ÿռĪǣ
Դ
һ߹һעնɴ빥ʽڷóնԾԴɽԴ˶ӵУȴ
λǰҵԾԴǵĿ⣬û뵽һӵоԴ
ն빥֮䣬˼ǶͷҲŵۣȫѾ˺ۣȴȻһˬЦݣ־ʹԴԽĴݣ˵ĴҲԽԽ١
̫͹㣬ҲɱǵСӣ㾡Ե⣬ս㣡̫ŭδĿ˵
֪ûֶնɱǵ
նƺҪ߶֪ԼƾԷƸպ޾ܵŶԷҪնɱǣԾԵ
ͷһЦǺڴûУֻǵĵ£
ʣĶӣǰҲζʲôȻֻһͨĵʿѡ
֪ҵĴܣ棬ǵжôľˡ
նͻȻ˵һĪĻ
̫ŵǵڵ棬Ϊɵ˾Ĵڣħ
ãԹȥǵķ緶
ʱ˿̣նڣԱҶȡնҪŨĴУӿһԶʩչӰ
ǾԵڵ棬ͨնںϴߵնڵڴСĵ׵ĵ塣
նȻˣеĿԪ񵶣ԿһĹӰϵӿ뿪Ԫ֮С
ʲô
ôںϵôϵĵϢ
棬ȻԵڵĹȥʮ˽⣬һɹɵĵںϿԪ񵶣ǳסˣٵĵѾʧ
ΪΣն䣬˽⵶ڵĹȥƫƫӵôĵնͷų
նƺʩ֣λǰɣҵѾգںҵļ֮֮Уһ𣿡
ЦڹŪɣţնϣյ˹ϵʱͬʱ
ն죬ҲͻȻʧ״̬˲Ԫ񵶡

ֻ棬Ԫ񵶾ȻĹӰֵ䵶ײһ𣬶ңɵˡ
Ȼδ
ԪĹ켣֮УȻĹϵĵӰһ˳ſԪ񵶹켣ϵĵ
ͣ
͡
Ȼ֮䣬Щ赲أϣѪҲʵʧģ
޷赲ǵǿѾնǿһϵԵˡ
ն쳬Խң֤ң
ϵسһϵʧȥ˴󲿷֣ƾˡ
ȷҵڣżϣ¼Ĺĵôôϣ֮⣬ӣͻȻվУڱȻûӰ졣
ܵĸ֪ȴǸͬܵģȫˡ
ͷ̾̾һ¸ࡣ
Ȼˡ֮ǰħɵôЦҲʶߵ֮
ֻӵд𲻵ʮ֮һԺѴնɱںϡܳΪĴߣҶ¶οĿ⣬һֱն죬նҲûʧ
ںϵڹȥĵǴߵûնСԸֵؼУղôĹϵûпĵںϣ߶ҲЧ
ⶼǿնŬждܣ˾Ե
ٿ
еĹϵֹͣˣ
󲿷ֶˣڴ߶Ƿ·Ҫٴᣬٴն쿹⡣
ն첻ǻᡣ
һѪܣһڵδĵ־УǿˣûпԪ񵶣Ҷһͳ򣬳Ϊ֮˭Ҳ޷赲ҵĲǲУ
õˣ˷ŭˣʼ
ֻ̫ˣնĿԪ񵶣ѾٿȻһԪֹͣʱըΪƬʧ֮С
󷨣Ҳʧ
նֳһѪϵţĿ⣬ɼᶨпԪ˸ԡ
նǱվϷ棬ȴҲ£ն죬ĵģһնȴԼ־ѪͨһĿ飬ɹǰ
ˣ˵Ĳͬ
ˣǵػݣӦʧն죬ĺܲ㸸׵ڵ־δ㣡
̫ţԸת΢΢һץԪ񵶣ڵʥһնƮ
õڶѿԪ񵶣նΪ̤ڣǿ۷
նûЦҲûе⣬ûɿ
Ϊ֪ڿʼ˫磬δص


1231 Ϯ
ɣģӵеģ
ͷӣͬʱͷ𿪻Ԫնͷζ˵ԪӵһµĹඥ֮õѿԪʱŻΪǿߣ
ף־ʱʱ
նٴι£Ԫ񵶣˫֣УؽӹԪ񵶣һ̣նڣӿһѿԪ񵶡
ಣ
񵶣ȱףԸУ˵ڴ£ںһɲǼ䣬϶ΪһնУУֱͷһɵնüġ
ͣ
նϢڲϵر仯˫𿪻Ԫ񵶣ʼзӡ
һԵȺŰɣҪһʱ䣬նںڣߣûмԭҲӰ
Ӱʧһ̣Ҷ˲䷢Χˣ֮УԱ߾һᣬնϢ֮УԶˣź֪ʲô
ϴҲպϢָƻһ£Աʯ֮ϡ
ҶԱʯ£ʩչӦʼӦΧûϢֱȷ֮ſʼ߶ڲ¯
أĲ٣ȻһЩܴﵽڵ۷壬Ӷ̤ڣѾڲңԶ
Լʮڲ֪ʧ
һӰն죬һѾָƣȻﵽڣͬΪȻƲָ£ݺκǿߣֱƶٵǿߡ
ٺ١ħۣϲһԾףնɾڣΪɵǿߡ
ҶҲۣ˻棬նΪǿߣҶοޱȣ£ˣվͬȵĸ߶ȣҲٹն죬նǿ
ಣ
ͬʱɳϵݵĵȥɣǵӴ˹ڵڣϣڵδȥĻԻͣ
öʧģ
նסҶȡ߳ɽȣ뿪˺ɽֱӸ˴Į´塣
ϻĵĸ߿գȻǿ粻ϡ
Ҷȡơն˺Хն쿴ǰѿԪ񵶣ǰһϿ֮ڣҲأ
磬ģ˺κѶƽ⣡оյõڶѿԪ񵶣ҶѾоģնõѡ
ϣˣնȴһЦ
˼ӿٶȣ𽥽һظƵɽ֮УһЩɭ֣Ƕ͵Ͽȡͱڡ¡
ȴĮ´壬ﻹȻ
һȣ
ԾһϿȣҶͻȻüͷһ壬ͣնͬʱҶȣ֪ҶǸӦʲô
Ҷȵ˫ͫɫģŻɫ֮󣬴ɫˣǰӣйսµĺۼûпԪ񵶵ϢǡȴʮɷĵУǰһʲôף
ĪǿԪ񵶡һõͷնɫС
ЩУһ붼ڳڣڵʵڡҶһӦ
ͻȻնҶȼ¶Ǹɱ¾Цݣϴȥ̽·ӣҪô棬Ǿô棬ǿ޵
ǵȻ
ҶĬغЦԵüΪأƺ޼䡣
̣˾ʩչͨΪ÷ϢҶʩչ龻֣ͷϢУ٣λϿȷȥ
Ԫ
ţҶʩչԪϢ
նͷžԴһͬϢأϿա
Խɽ壬ʱԼԶյΪӣȻԽһϿȣٿȻ࣬Ͽգһһ󷨴ӡǣ޷Ӧ㱻ѹС
䣡
ȵɽһƵıը֮
ҶԶԶţȻ쿿ϿΧɳʮ֣붼ǿߣΧסΧԼǶһ£ϧ޷ϵİԵ
ն¶һɱø
ַ֮󣬾ǰڸֻ֣ԶҶȺȻն죺磬˽ӦҲŷ֣һˣҲڵǿߣһˣްֵǵ֮ˣ
ĿԽҪűϢ֣ԸϴԸڳһڸ֣նԸ
նͷ飺ϮǣǾϮһֲҪڲЩ棬ǻЩܣ
˶ʱ໥ͷԲͬʼΧ£ȥ
һԵϷڲй֮ϷվʮˣվǰһѮߣԱһ꣬ҲǶʮӣͬߣüĿﶼǰԵ
еģֻһƬޣ˸оϢ
ŷϣǸˣνĴͷն죿
겻мһߣ̫ˣԸϣҪô鷳ǵڣֶܹˣ
߿СܿɲҪ⣬ܴصõ˿Ԫ񵶣ȻС
ʲôߵѣѾΪƽأ֣߶󷨣ˣϻصڣת󷨡
ಣ
ŷߣ֣һӡһɹע֮Уڲ֮ʧ·Ҷˣѱƿءѹ޷ϣ˵Цݡ
𣡡
ͬʱУʼʧйɵʧΪӡں֮УǱӰҶȡơնһɹס޷
磬ʩչԴڣϹžͷ˵
ã
֮У˫۾Ͻߣ
ۿ˷ŷ꣬ץʱͻȻһȼյĻƣϷ
ã
ͻأðĻƣȻй·˲͸оˣ̿ƷˣѾΪӰ
һĪ⣡
ߣʱת£ǰϿȥ
ڴʱ׵磬ΧֳǴȼյĻ֮Уһף飬Ȼ˷Ȼ׹
߳߳߳߳
գ˶ϿգǱߵף޴ڣʮˣһ˿ڸ֣޷ӵڵٶȣʱ׻С
ڣϹ£ʱķѣѪ⽹ڣһڸ֣գۻҷ
ߣ
һӳǰһƬ׷ڸ֣ߣû׵ʩչ˲ưٶȣž֮ɫߡ
߲ˣ
ͻȻӰڸ߿
ǼԦȼյĻƣһһ֣ʹȼյĻУݺһƬƬףϮ֮ʱΪ棬̵ɽ˲䱬ըѣΪ棬Ϊƽء

ףһһһƬһƬ
ĻһЩǿߣûдǰ㣬ӵ˲֮һһ׻УһǿߣˣӰȻס


1232 
ϴȼջбһƬһƬأܿһгΪ档
ڸ֣׻УΪƵ޷ֻӰ׽ɲǣ
ڡ
ҶԻûģǰ߳һЦڵˣҶȻ֮䣬ģѹʱ׼
նƣȻûȼյĻȥһףʣһ˿һ˿ס
ԶĻļգ
ৣ
κŷߣ޷ٶȣգһξӶʱͻȻӰסǵȥ·
Ӱ֣һ۵ն죬һ۵ĳƣͬҲǻûģ
ŷһն죬ʱ𺳵ն
նǵЦݣɢȥһĮŷϣòû뵽ӵҵĳȴΪĵˣ֮£Ԥϣ
Ʋ棬ϷȰ㣬ֵ֮£ȥˮۣŷת˲Ϊһػߡ
ʱħͻȻնЦȻ꣺ٷϻҶԸСӣնֻ֣Ǹƥ򣬻Լ֣ٺ٣ϴ˵ˣ˲ɱſԴõڲܶܣ
ţն΢΢һӦ
ֿӣ
ݺݶŷһۣתһԾ
ߣ
˫۾עһһ
ոɢϢʱʧӵмΪϢͨħһͷħޣԸһڸ֣ȻֱӻΪһƬѪˮƮƶȥ
գۣѪˮһ֮УһʹӰͷſвƺҪѪˮϧѪˮڷڣǲգγӴѪ
ħ
һŷߣѾѾˣǳħ֣˭óħûµ
ǵ棬еߡ
ն컺ߣÿһ޷赲ƣңҲһݰɣУǶߣǵζԸҵģɱôֵܣЩҹҹڻ룬ǵĺ飬Ҫе־ļᶨҸӲǣѪѪ
ŷ֪ͷƺҲ֪նƢԣʵҲ߲٣־ɫӶ𣺡ϴηǣ߻ߣǾŵ֮һġ´ӡװֻǱƣٹӦúǵĺһˣܶ𣿡
൶
ƺһԫǵϤնϧһ̾ȻɱɫҪģΪŵʮĵûʸͳһһɣӦ֪˳õڶѿԪ񵶣һĳͷ㳼
ٹϷΪЧңŷһԲն콻ս
ǣն췭һԪ񵶱С
ৣ
ʯ֮䣬̤ڵն죬ȴ̤ڵĵǿߣԪ񵶣Եâ˲

ŷͻȻָԸɭɭسһץУնգΪ˱һѰѵıá
䣡
ͣ
Ԫǿ޵еİնǿŷײգۣԪ񵶱÷飬˳ƴŷһ磬Ҳһ硣
պãۣ뵱ʧȥұ۵ն죬ࡣ
ܡ
ŷߣ㶵ؾ޷ΪնûиᣬʱԾ֮٣ѿԪ񵶣Ĳ֮ϣսսص㵱ڡõԪ񵶣Ҳǿڵ
ǻһɲ۹⣬ȥڡɽ磬ĺˣ֪ڱ䣬ˣҲڱ䣬²ĥģȴУÿ˵̰붷־ˣҲڱ䣡
ն΢΢ֱһһѹŷ˫ϥ¡һصƸ˰㣬նǰ
磬ɱϧָ֣̫ȱ٣ȴϣõõļֵ˵
һ̣Ҷһ£նߣϢ
ն𿪻Ԫ񵶣һĵƣ˲ŷߣţ뵶ڵˣһλߣҲֻоŵʮߣѹһͷ
ٺ٣
ͻأ䣬һѪӰԱ˸
ϤЦɭɭش֮ͼħͬһӥСƵ꣬ͬͥŲ㣬ӰһȻҶնǰֱŷԱߡ
ڣúʵ³Ӧúصѵ棬ˣնһЦꡣ
ŷߣѾն꣬ŵû궼ûˣĸСž뷨߿һүѿԪ񵶣ѱһõ
նһ˲ϢɫôܣʵǵĶ֣ο棡
Ϊ
ŵʧ˻꣬Żش𣺡ǸΪ࡯ĹŵӣڴʳУа̵õ治ְǣ
ࣿû뵽µȻд֮ģʦ𡭡ѵڣˣɱն쿴ΪʮϤɫ֮䣬Ų˼顣
ŷߵѿԪҲõ̤棬ȡڶѿԪʱ̽ӣ͵֪ϢԸصѿԪ񵶵棬ֹүõʥԤ㲻ܲܵõڶʥһ˶ȡʥڴ˷
ǵʥںδնʵ
棬ſԪ񵶣ĵУȴǷүɶ飡߼æ
նƬ̳˼꣺ǿߣ
ңǡԪڡĳϣ֮࣬Ԫڸ֣һͬԸ㣬ԪڣѾΪĸߣĿǰһܣʵʵն콻
ԪҲһٵĴڣҾŵʮκһͷʵҲȥû뵽һǸ
նĬˣԣ֪ݣڵƣӸӡ
ҪɱǣԸ꣬¹
龻֣
ԱһӰͬʱһݺͷɲǣ˱㻺˫ۣδʧ
ӰҶȣն죺˶˵дô磬Ȼһͽ͸ӸӣȣҪõĿԪ񵶣һǴҪʵΣʦ֮ϵڴλ
ħͻȻ¶аЦݣٺ٣ǾͶԸǸ˵С򣬸ˣûнڲ٣
ô죬ʹУõѿԪ񵶣Ը࣬ҲʽϻնĻع飬ҲǵڵնĿһ裬ˣֱ񷡣
黹Ҫӳ飬һȻͨڸ֣ǳԽڵĴڣôǡٵǿߣԸǿߣ֣޷ʮУ⣬棬ǶԸ࣬ҲƵĵǽѵĵز
Ҷȷ·뷨


1233 ٻں鱦
̿ɽ˶ס
࣬ϻҪҰ޼֣ʦͽְ֣Լʦ𣬶ԸˣͲܰơ
Ҷһóն춼ʼ˼
ħʱٺٵش֣ҶնһЦеĵϴ㵱һˣҹͷ֮磬ΡնҲһι¶ӢֱۣӴ뵶ڲ벻նֻ˾ٶ
˼ǡⱻ뵶ڲӽǸն֪Ҷȵͷ֮£Ȼüͷһչ·ʲô
ҶҲ˳˼նĻˣȻ󡭡ӦϣǸֲ
ٺ٣Ҫһѻģ⳯죡ħڨڨЦҶȡնһ̣ͬɫ
ҶȿʼĦȭƣǾ죬ǶԸ̫࣬񶾣νöĥǱ伫ԸͬʱǵļƻҪúоһˣлһ֣칬ľԭڣʵǿΪܣΪеһ֣ˣҲҪΪܣȽռ䣬ú׼һٳ
ãն顣
ಣ
Ҷȷһߣһʱڳˣƾ룬Χֻʣ´棬ԼɽĵطԨ
ռ䣡
̳֮ϣҶȡơնֳǱѹŷ꣬ȻҶ˫һ֣ڣɳһ⣬УƯڸ֣֮ǰ׻ж˵֡
ҺˣûΪܣպΪáҶЦЦ̿ŷ꣬ھռ䣬޷ǷſǵĽƣҲ޷⶯һ¡
Ǿľѹ
龻֡
նƶûҶһ龻֣Ͻײӡ˿ʼƣǵԪʼӡһھͷΪͬһ㡣
ʦ
ȻҶȡն졢ƶ⡢ڴͻȻӾһգش
ٻ
Ҷ̰ѻ龻֣ڣһһԹ⻷һˣԿռƮԽһµٻҶȼ¶ͻЦݡ
ٻϲЦݣԼ˫ۣҶɲǣͨһ£ͷʦͽ㵣ģˣ
̫̫ͻȻȴûжٵĻ
ҶصͷȻն죺ΪʦģȻû£һо¿ʼλʦ壬ʦ壬նʦ壡
ʦ壬նʦ壬ٻǵˣٻ˫ϥƶ£ųն죬ͷߺ
նֱһƣٻ𣺡ɣһˣؼ⣬ʵʲôֻҪԶᵹ£
ٺ٣ĺͽƵǺЦݡ
֪ΪΣٻһӿҶȡն졢ƣĬ΢Цţ֪ʲô飬ʲôܡ
Ҷնƣ磬ȥľƻƣ鱦ң뾸ϼУ̫ϧˣȻٻ뾸ϼ壬֮Ȼˣٻں鱦Ϲϣϵ棬ǳħ־ܱٻȥ
ٺ٣ⲻ⣬ɣ
Ƶһ֣һ⣬Ӿӿϵķ鱦Ưڰա
նƾȥһԡ
ٻڵǳǿΪʦְʮٵ㣬Ѫߣδ˭Ҳ޷ƿأڵ㣬Ϊ𵤡Ԫ񣬶ڣΪʦ㣬ںϹ汦
ٻ棬ҶȲûжٵĹػЩϿ˵֮󣬱һץ鱦ڿУٻǰ
ٻûʲôѡĬƺ뷨
֮飬˭±
Ҷȿ鱦ʱһϡϣ׵Į鱦ڴ
Ҷ鱦֪ҲڿΪҶȣǲĴڣҶȺƵ˵飬û㣬ֻ㣬һʱֵ㻹㣿㻹֮˵ϺʲôԼҲõĨɱ˾ϵõ㣬Ҫͬ⣬ҲҪͬ⣬Ӵˣٻ
ͻȻ֮飬ֻ֮ĽңǿԦңҲԶ޷ںң
ٻȻҶȣҶĬˣٻ鱦ǰϣĲɣǲһӴˣδ޷ԤϣҲ޷ԤϣҿδңȻڵңνʲôұȻ֮ģߵֱΪҾ
㡭̫Сˣ鱦߰˵
龻֣
ҶȻӶ˫֣һɹӡ߶һ֣վԣֱѹ鱦֮飬ԶŵķϾûǰˣˣֻһԶŵ˶ѡ
ֻ鱦ӵ޵δ޴εɱΪ߼
ͬٻ˵δ˭ҲԤϲ
ɵߣЪ˹ڷ
ϧ˻龻ֵ˴ޱߵԡ
ͣ
ٻҧָѪҶȵͷʾ⣬鱦Ϸʱ鱦УȻһת꣬鱦ͬıڱ仯ӡƺڶԿ龻ֵ
𽥵ģֿʼֹͣһӿ
ٻԽУʲô뷨
鱦УһУҶȱ㿴ٻʵ
ٻһҲ룬ͫʦ롭ӡҵҴﵽɵ۾磬Ҵɵ۾翪ʼУԼŬһﵽΪʦķӡʵڵںϣ
ͽΪʦͽܣɣԼŬɵڣΪʦھͰ磬ֻӵɵΪһ֣Ľƾͻ⿪һ֣Ϊʦϣ䣬ﵽڣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͺòĴʩչһӡٻڡ
ֻٻƣ𽥵ʧӡڽ֮УȻϢҶǰ̫С
뵱ٻʱҲɾ磬񸴻ӵΪȷӦУں
ˣΪֻɵһף鱦ǿ˵ҪԼŬͨԼжУ֤Ϊ֮ںͬѰ
ƣͬʱٻɣ鱦Ҷָһͺ޷طٻڡ
Ȼ󣬴ٻڣַɳһű顣
ĸ飬ֻõҶҪ黹ġ
ٻΪʦ㴫͵ɽ磬Ľߣڴɽһ˳ܵĵӣ̫ˣʹ￪ʼаɣСǧ
Ҷٻһٻû飬ֱҪȥͫ¶Ŀ⡣
ಣ
գۼ䣬һǳ֮⣬ںϣͰٻƾˡ


1234 ׳н
ٻ֮·ڵոɫȻֹ֮أȻ£֮·ʼ
֮ʮа˾š
ÿжɫɫĿĿİٻǻɫģӵ޷УϣȼȴȥľûжٵĹȻûиı䡣
ҶȸоٻǵһɽҵʱһôηҶȻһζز׷ٸ߷塣
һε͹Զǻɫġ
ԭɣ
Ҷһݣһԣסһ칬۵ľԭһת˲Ҷǰ
ٻԭҶҪΪܣ֮Уǿ֣ԽԽãԭҲóˡ
ԭҶȵһۣѾ֮ǰǽһ˿ΣΣǾԪ칬֣Ϣ뾸һѪҵȳǸӡ
ҹҹΣϣϵĵѾʧȥϣҶȣҲδжķӦƽֹˮ
Ҫɱң죬ϲٵľԭӵ֪ҶնɱϢѾĺ֮ĩ
Ҫɱ㣬Żôܴ仰ȱŸˣҵ˼ĨɱԪ񣬰ΪܣӴˣеĹߣһܶ£һϢѾԪʦԼϼеĸһһնɱ˵ô𣿡ҶȷһЦΪм
Դˣ֮ģ򣬾ͻũ򣬺¾˶ߣ󷴱ҧ
㡭
ԭ˵ģ׻ָ𺳣ǿ־塣
֪Ҷץסһ̣⣬ȻΪѾϼ㣬մ⡣
壬Ϊ
ڲǵģĬ룬ҶڣܶԸڣԷˣͿһɽ磬ɱ칬ٹ꣬ǧ꣬ҶȵĳɳǸӾˣ
Ϊһͽܣϧɱ칬Ϊ˸ͽܣκΣգԿǿߣôΪĵˣһֲңԭظоδⶫ̫ˣϣδһ̱жϡ
ûδûоϼδĸˡ
ԭ㿴κεϣκεУֻоϼ壬ֻ칬ʵԸ칬һУͽĸ뾸ϼ壬ѾûжٵĳޣһУҿ㱣֤һŹϼͨˣϼ壬ø㣬Ϊõļֵ˵ףͿѡ񣡡
Ҷһ̣ΪϽΪͷѾԼԼ䣬һܸеں
ǵǸŭڵͷ࣬Ѿ𽥳
ܻ뾭ҵصѰҵ֮·ҶȵĲδڻسΡ
û뵽һңû뵽һ죬ᱻһһ˵̡
ԭ֪ǱҶҵȻѡѡ칬ϼҲ˻𡭡õ鱦Ӧ֪ϼǴСܵѬա칬ʲôѾ߹㣬ʵҸ㣬Ҳҵ𰸣ûи𰸣ȷģڲ𰸣ԭ۲ң֪̫࣬㲻Ҿϼ壬ҲΪֻҪ֪һ㣬㹻ˣ
ŶҶһֱһƽУ꾸ԭⷬ
칬ͳߣӵвΪƿУоߣɴ۵ĴߣɴۣΪһʵ
ԭͷĿ⣬·ҶԻȴ칬У֪ۣʵɴ۲࣬һһѹȻʵһ칬ľͷﶼز칬ǿϹͥһǿ󣬷ͱ칬̲ˣ˵ľô࣬Ǹ̫֣࣬Ҿϼ壬Ƭ̼䣬һȫ屻ϴ
Ҷգ۵ģˣ㻹ǲҪҵĺãڣܲôѹҵļ̫խֻҪңϹͥΪĩĸ֣ǺεȵĴڣͿˣһĿ꣡
ĩ㻹֪ĩϹͥСĴڣǿҲδۼҿԸҵԱȣһŲգĩʵʮɴǰǿˣ֪ɽľͷǺεȵĴڰɣԭŤ
˵ǿ󣡣
ʮɴ۵ʲô
ʥڵףҼģΪľǿߣĶ֣ɴۣǸصԿռ䣬ǸصСдܡǣϹͥķĩСһǿ󣿣
ʲôʱɴǰĴǿߣΪ˶Դܵˣ

ⲻǴɴ۲ǿ󡭡ֻ˵ɴǿУǿز̫ţʥ룬칬ѹ
칬Ϲͥδ̫Щ
ԭҴӦ㣬ϼͨˣԻԶȥǵ棬Щ칬ǿߣ龻֣ԭһ̣ʧ飬ңĶӣңӴ˲κεǣǻͶ̥תתĻᣬһӵһļ
ˣҶȻ߶ӡһ龻֣ʼ־ԭ
ԭƽرۣҷ̾Ϣ氡Ҫң칬֮Ҳǣӽʼһлصԭ㣡
Ż龻תԭ˫ۣ΢΢رϣһͳͳʧˡ
ϴ󣬾˷Źϼ壬Щ
Ӱǳն죬·Ѿ̶üƻƺҶ뾸ԭԻҶߣЩߡ
֣
նĳƣĿ⣬ƽƬ̣ȻҶȣֵܶԣԩԩ౨ʱˣֵĨɱĨɱһгޣߣϼ壬жٵ޹Ϊһȫ壿ֲɱڣɱڸɱӣĸ˫մѪֵɱȫ£һûȥֵܣҪĨɱ޹ˣֵ˵ħҵģкܴĻħᴦЩ㣬ֵܣ
ˣԸİ취ûҶת˻⡣
ϴһûΪŷ꣬߸ܣѺնȥ࣬Ȼһᣬնɱ࣬࣬𽥿ƿصĵȻٰն֣ѺȥڣǸνİ취ȳɹնɱǽܾħΧϣС˵
Ҷ޵ð취ܶ࣬ǲԵõĵݣŵʮľͷйֱͨ棡
һи׳нݵģѣһ֣Ҫ췭ظħ¶ģ
պܣҲƺˣն¶Цݡ
Ҷƺ뵽ʲô֮£ն죺ȻˣжֻǴ磬ڿʼҪΪ󻹻֣֮һעһ龻֣Ԫ񣡡
ˣñĸЩɣն쾹ȻܾҶΪõ顣
ǡжɣ
Ҷȶʱ߶ˣ˿ܾԭ˲ʧˡ


1235 
ϻģɽƬԭγɵĴϣüӲʯķݣǹϵʯȻ⣬ŨҵϢ
ﻹһͬ㣬ǾǼÿֽ죬ŵװΣһЩ̨

Զգ˵Ӱһۣǰһ꣬ӡѹţն졣
Աŷ꣬ǵն콻ɫȫû֮ǰǸɱֻϤͫ⡣
ֵܣ㿴
նҷǡꡯ޸̾ؽǰ˵ؾǾŵʮ֮һһƿ֮أкܶλϣԼʮʿϢڴˣ
ͷһֻСһֱδһ£ͫһţһȻϢʱǰȥȷмǿĽ࣬ȻǶٵھͷʣ¼ӦǱĵ棡
Ǹŷߡ֮Уһам򲻹㲻˿Զʦ֣Ҳ伫ٺ٣
˵ļǣԸּ޳Сˣ͸ն޵ͬʱһŭ
ꡯͫڵͫ⣬ʼȻնԱаŷߣǿ߸ӦǵĵڿʼƣһǵڵĳϣһԪ֣磬Ѿ·ˣֱֻǰ
δԼȥ죡
һ̣նؿҶλֵܣ¶Ŀ⣬ǰֻ˷ѾӿϢ
˼𱻿ƵĵڿǰУʽ뵶֮С
ٵʿӦһа˷ɹϰǿϢԦһƬӭ֮һǿߣһߣΪرǿŷߡԭΪࡣ
ŸַԾħŷߣһЦ֣ͷݣʵڲ
֪Сܳɹץն죬ϷǰӭӣѾԼϣ򹬣ٻȥɣ
߿ЦҶװݣһҲûɻȻ˫ڸ߿ļȥ
ն죿
Ǿնү
ʲôʲôү˵ҪСģλնǵڵ棡
ϰǿߣĩ˲ˣʼ뼸գ˽ģÿ˴ӲͬǶȣעĵڽӰˡ
ƺն챻Ϣ˲ڵ򴫿ӵ־ԪͶգնΪÿʿеĽ
ĽɽķмģһĳǳأǳڵĽǹ¥ʰ쵣ٲȻϻ֮ء
ڼǳذΧ룬һƴʥɽһ໥ƣһŻɫĹͬ峿ŵĻ䣬ɬڿ֮С
ֱӷ򹬵ܿʥɽͬУɳһڡڡԼǿߣǵĿ⣬׷Ͷն졣
ûκֻǾؿն죬·λ˵еôһ𾴡
ˣҲֻܿն죬װױѺϹûһ˿е˺ԹҲûվ˵仰ƲΥǴʱ˭Ҳ̻վնԱ˵һ仰Ϊڵĵˡ
ϲŷϣ
δ൶ʿ׷ŷߡף֪ʱĳϣѾħᡣ
У˫۾ͨͬĽǶȣ
оŵʮһ򣬱ôڡڡԶԶɽţɽǿ
ҶΪԪ꣬ҲųƣʱʱȭʩһԪڣȫȲһǿ
𽥽ʥɽ߷壬Ѿʧһϵƹһ㳡ӳڹǰվʮǿߣһ룬ڣĶڣٲڣЩǿߣŲӵΪװΡ
ÿһ𣬶ⷽȨߡ
빬֮ǰһݺѣ֮빬ʱһǿϢһնɱˣκʣһ֣ҪΪ档
ʣԫһĴڡ
Ǵһͷųġ
Ű߳ĺ룬ɫĿᶨһͷڷһǰ׷ƺƿԴ͹¶ȧǣӵµĺۼһֶۣһޱߴݵϢ
֮ʮ֮һ࣡
ն죡
Ҷȡն̤빬һ̣һնϣ΢΢һЦûжٵɫ
ľͷǱطâԶʧһ仰Ϳ̺˼
նʱ޷ѹĵķߺŭ𣬻пЦ࣬Ҳʲô棬˭ͷʵû뵽Ȼ˱ֶΣб£ҵõĿԪ񵶣ʱúһսҵڵĽɣ
ǸӣȻǷӣʵʵһҷͣҧˣ˵ĵģ
ɫȻһ䣬ƣֶնһץһָ֮γɿֲķӡ˲Ҷƣʱնӡʵʵ
ħŷߣ𾪵Ҷȴϴ󣬴˵ȷһͷǿ𶫻϶߾϶Ҫϼ֣
ҶԪڣֻܰװ׿ն챻ӡʿµȥƳһ۳ƣ˱˶߾ɾЩϹŶȻҪһЩϾһ½ĵ𵱳ǵԫµĲʵ
ŷϣˣλҵĴϲӣ֮ǻ׽ն죬湦һλõļνˣʳҪλֵܣúףһ
£ھۼŲٵʱһȺ裬иϡеС
ŷ߳Ϊ˹˵أԪҶȣҲõ
˿̣һͨС
ӰɹͨǱ֣Ѻ޷ն졣
ַɹһͨһҪʿʩչһӡ˲ϢС
ڲһƬɫÿǿյģǰȴѺ쳣ǿϢ
˹ڵڣһˣȽԶ
ǡλǵ棡ն죡
ն챻ѹȻδͣ£ڲնԱʱʱľĿ⣬˲Ϣһն쾪һ䡣
Ķӣ
һ΢΢һ
ȷĶӣΪϣ˵ǿϢӡϧĽŲ̫٣̫һɳصʥԽ֣֮
һ߼Ϊεһ̾
նָдǰȻѾǾ޷ı䣬޳£˭Ҳ޷ԤϣֶֻΣϧλǰ֮£ҵڵ־𣿡
ڵ־ֻˣȥѰңЩˣΪ̫࣬Щˣ򻹻лᣬ֤ڵδһжǰʧˣ
һһɫꡣ


1236 
ߣ
ն棬ļ䣬ϧʿᣬ𽥵أһߣǰ
ȻòߣһʵڵĴڣ
նԽԽδĸͱʿǿԱһ֮УŻʿͬʱͷһӡ˲ģס
úŰɣ󷨣ںϱ֮Ķռ䣬ӳȥ
¼ĺǳ⣬ʿ뿪˿ռ䡣
ȿȡ
žն쳢ӡϧʩչķӡԽ̫࣬޷ģҲڴʱԱλߣƺӦն˼Եʮƣ
֪ǰҵڣηĸˣն컳ź뾴ǰʩ
һɣʱҾ棬оݡܾûϢˣն죬үү
춯үү
ԭֻǺն죬ԷԱݣٿȻվ𣬾صŶԷ·ġ춯ΪϤ
ԷУ߳һˣĸͷͨԼֻһңƺزЩɫ㲣ĳȴСȳҪӽ棬·һɣĵۡ
үүǡ㣡ն˫ֽס·ſȻȥ߼档
ߡ춯΢΢һЦն죬үү˵ΪεǰʹϢΪֻɣ
ն޷ţ˫ֱͫβĿ⣬ȴһݾϲʵĪǡĪĹ
춯ն뵣ģгĵЦݣ֮ϣһЩЦݣǺǣҲλܳΪ£˵壬кܴϵ࣬Ҳ֮㣬ʮǰҾѲ֮£˷â޷죬Ϊ²ٴ󹦣ű¶ҰģνϷ֣գ໹ˣЩ˶֣˰ꡭһ룬Ҳ㹻ˣ
û뵽Ǹⷬ͡үүȥˣĵڣϤǰѾٺˣԫЩߣҲΨǴӣǰӣķҲȫûΪүүҲ
춯նƺͿСʱǸϤĳߣȥ˷ǣ׺ɣû뵽һϤ
£һ֪㽻˭ЩҲ֪ĺã˵˵ЩľɣҲȥǣҲ֪飡
춯
նһǿߣ䵽ֵزϧꡣ

򣬹
գŻɢȥ뿪ڣʣ³ŷߣҶ꣬м꣬࣬Ϸɫ£ƺдҪ顣
࿴ˣʵնڱ֣֮ʲôδն죿
ԭ飬δն죬ֲЩˣɫϾ
ŷߵƣ˵ʲô˼Щ£Ϊ˼Ϊ֪Ǻδ㣿
ϷĿͣڳϣ˼ϰն뿪Ԫ񵶸ȥ
У
ȻһվơҶĶ棬·ݺܲһ㣬дʣն죬Ǻòץģеʥ￪Ԫ񵶣ǵڵĴʥ
ĺ˼ǣԱһЩ⿴˵ꡣ
û˵ȴ֣ĺﶼǰǰ
ǣʦ𣡡Ļ
һֱδ˵Ҳ岻Ҷȣ¶ʮеЦݣֵܣʦ𣬻ԪڣΪұۣҲǱʦ˼ǵ˼ףֵ֪ܣкο
ǵڲ֮£վָֻţûʸ񣬸ûʵҶæվ˵
ֵ̫㲻֮ǰϷżȻ˵ʦ㲢ôôϷһͬն죬ɣӦÿʦ࿴˰ɣ
ħͻȻڹҶ꣬Ͷȥӵ
һһ˫ɡ
ʦҲΪ棬ѣ£òͷùҹɡ
Ҷȹͣ˼ƺ˹⣬лȻ˶˼ⷬʱ౧ȭ׻˵㣬ʲô˼ֻհˣ
ֵ̫
·ʲôڸ֣ǵʵھŵʮ֮УҲǿһ֧ץն죬Ҫն죬ģϾ˹ȻԵڹһڿԪ񵶣ʱ£׼ʽλ֮Ե͸
ð취
ǸΪĺ꣬ʱֽкá
ȨߣҲ׷ױʾ˼ҵԸ
ħŷߣʱȴҶȽϴ࣬ٺ٣治򵥣ԭǸصӣһЮն콻ѿԪ£ʥȻڵǰһȣңƺҲлᣬõڵ֮λ¿Ԫ񵶣Ǻģ
ҶȻӦǸȴǸͷĿļһ̵ôһ㣬㣬ǿԴ֣ⷽҵᣬ´ˣ
ٺ٣ԽԽˣ
һЦһԹЦģ
Ȼ󵱵ڼ֣Ҫ˵֮ʣħȴվ˵棬һץѿԪ񵶣Ư·
Ԫ񵶣
ʱߣʥһ𼱻ǵģÿһˣʥﶼ֮ͣ
ǳȴһ£ѿԪȥȻѾнǿԪ񵶾ͽʱΪԼ䣬Ͼ˼Ҫõն죬ҲҪõԪ񵶵ġ
ŷϷģҵڵĳϣȻҪԶվһ
ʱһ˫˫Ľ£־ƿѿԪ񵶣ȻڣԶɳһѿԪ񵶡
񵶣ڵʥ꣬һ̣ںϹһ
ϴίߣɾ裬ٴߴ硭ħ񵶷ߣõʮֵĲ졣
Ǻò״õģȴװ׹͡
ϲ
˶վء
ʦ𣡡
ͽܣǸΪĺ꣬ʱ߳һʥع飬񷨣Ҫٿʽģ磬ǵ򣬾ͺúþٰһξۻᣬʥع飬Ҳʥʦϣ
Ӳʮ͡
ʽҪչϵķȥ죬뵶ΧͳͳμӣߣΣҲҪ࿶ЩԱʽϣֳڵĵǿߣһ˵
ʽˣ
ͻȻħɭɭһ񣬿Ҷȡ


1237 Ըϰĺ
ʲô᣿
ҶȵǺ⣬Ԫ֪꣬ĹأħĵڳϣȻ֪ʲôõġ
ʱʽûע⵽Ҷ
ħЦǺǵشļʽ൶ڵĸ֣ʽϣݱ󷨡ֶεȵȣԢ쿴ʽϣ֮ʱҲָ֣ԣʩչϴľ䣬Ǵǧͼڴֽ֮ţȻȻָ㣬ֻҪ󷨣ǡ
ð취ºڵǿߣ뵽Ȼ֮£˶Ը֮ൽʱ϶벻һ仯
ɲǼ䣬ҶУһħ취ֱӦʱ˺ͣνõĻᡣ
ֵңûжٷһѿԪ׸ʱҹȻȻǲܾģ
ţӣЩϸڣ
һļϣʼһԣĬ֧۹ķ𽥰ѵȨ߶Լʽ̣˽⡣
֮
վ꽻ʽĺλǰú֣󣬼ʽԽԽã֮Уʱܽȣ
ǣ˹
ಣ
뿪֮ʣͻȻһ⣬ĺڣȻת뼸ߣһһ뿪
ŷϣ֡
ҶƸ漸λòŮ߳⣬ĺ׷ڵཻ
ϴĺΪϰĺĵӣŻ磬治ʮ꣬Ϊ۰ĵӣ񣬶ȥμʽ뵶ĳϣһͬ𣬿ɼҪԣ
ĺ׷ɲǣƾҶȣܴ˵ݡ
ҶͷһӦֻȸֲڳ£ͷŸӦһɨϰĺȷǸţǸʽȻ󷨣𣬲硭ǰѴ£ȻȽնɱʱڼʽϣӦϣԸ׶ˣ벻Ҳ޷Կ壬벻׵ӣ󵹸꣬Ը
ٺ٣Һϴ뵽һȥˣֱӶԸϻͷ治ףȶԸߵˣ׵ˣԸ׶ˣħЦгһߣϰĺԼжٵλƵġ
ϰḻ́ȭŷϣղʦ֮ʣнģ
Ŷ
ƹ⣬ԱߵҶȣҲһ
ʦʮšٵϣλڽ۷ʱԷô˵ⲿ٣ٵʦ޽֮еһϹŶУã
ҶƵ棬ϰĺͳ
ͻȻһЦϰСֵܿߵĴˣСֵܲȥͣЩ˵㣡
úã֮ãŷ֣룡
ϰĺЦȻ⣬תųҶȣʥɽ·вλãͷһС
һƬ£ǰƼ׺ڷ裬ϣֻһߣյڵĹأɼϰĺһƿһƬΪǶôԺա
˶ʱΪ⣬붴֮С
ڲռ䣬ݻʮλòŮڲװҲǽ̻ԻͣɼϰĺȨжôں
λʮŻٵʦ𽻴½軨׷𣡡ո£ϰĺóҶȡ
ո׼֣ȴס򣬴üĿ˵Ȼϰֵ͵֮ܲܿͰɣ
ɲЦϰĺæƴǡ
ħŷߣеһ̾ϢϰֵܣǶףʹ촰˵ˣпΪƣһֱڶҡУ˭Ҳ֪˭۲ŴԣȻòΪԼ·̧ͷͷĺ꣬ɲգ
ϰĺɫȻۣŷϣ˻ɲܡ
ҲֻǵˣϰֵܵĴϻۣȻ֪˼δ꣬δ˭Ҳ˵ϰֵܣĻҲ˵ϰֵ㲻ֵܵһ⣬Ǿ浱ǡˡˣħ˸Цݣϣһĵģ
ϰĺԥˣԥҶƶ⵽ˣĥƤᵱλˣʵ̫з
أҲһ⣬ǱﻹأСֵܲЦɣɨذħҡҡͷ
ǡ
ϰĺĶˣٵǿߣĸõĵҩֻжɹٵĴڣӵֱɿ֣Ҷȱȭ¾ͲˣλģʦδƱһ춯صΪλΪʦ𹦳ɴҵ¶߸˼ң
ֵͶҶȶЦˡ
ʮŻٵǿ˵ҲһرϰĺãȨλҲ̰ᣬʲôõһ˵Ҷȵ뷨»
ҶȰдƣϰĺβƣ๵ͨ˵Ϊһٽ󣡡
ٺ٣û⣡
ħܾ֮ʣͫѹԭϢԺһ󣬳ħϰĺĻϻӣϴ򿪣Ҳʼ̽ϰĺ
ϰֵܣμʽõģ˵õԪ񵶣ʥΣҲҪһƺܿ쿪˿ڡ
Сһ׮ʦЩƥϹŶʽҶԿЩߣţŷϣſģҲϣվһô˵ʱ䣬ʮֽ٣Ǿһͬǰϰĺȫһ£ڴӦ
ҶȴڰЦȻԺһ˲ϰĺȥ·󷨿ռС
ƣҪʩչǧͼȥ֮£úϰĺ
ոս󷨣ҶȾʹ߶ǧͼͷųȻûòϢ׼ֱȥն졣
û⣬һܣС˼ưڰ֣һ¡
Ҷٴδ߶ǧͼ˾ʹӳǰƾʧ
ںڵǳâУҶƺѾᵽնϢȻʲôСǧնϢڵĵطпռԽĽƣԷ
ģĿռƣСǧϸӦģѾһڶĿռУϢ࣬ȥûж⣬࣬ʵ˵İٷ֮һӦöɹһٵĴڣǰ񣡡
СǧʱҶߣΧ޽ǳռ䣬ȥһʵ硣
֮Ҷ̵ͷСǧʧˣҶǰһ˾ʹУֳ
ոճ֣Ҷ˾޵ģʩչԴ֮δʹѾȫں˾һ
˴磬ȻڲͬٵϢҺñ֮УĵôԸ࣬һͳ򣬾鷳ˣ
˲䣬ӦͬʱҶȾ׼ȷӦնĴڣǿľͷ
Ϊ˽һЩҶľԴںȻһʼǰѺһӰϢֲӡСǧһ꣬ֻҪϢδľͷȫӡԿʱ̵ڵĿռΧ


1238 
֮Դں˿ԼҶȵĴڣһ棬նڵߣ춯Ҳδκ쳣֮
ȻڵľͷǱѹѾʧȥܶ
磡
Ʋ֮£Ϊ˲춯ԼҶȲδնԱߣǴԼʮԶԪʼһ
ֵܣˣչÿ˳
նƺҲ̫ͷ֪ҶȴڣӦҶȴڣδһ£ֻԪֻԪȴԵ쳣
ҶȸӦն첢޴󰭣ѹŵĴʯҲ£޷ƵĶͨưѿԪ׸ʱѰѳƣ֧ߣ㹻ˣеǺ뷨֮󣬾мʽ׼ڵ죬ʼ֣ĿǰѾӴҪĵӣϰĺ𶽽׼ϰĺУʩչͨʱֻҪ취УӲˣ
ǧҪĴˣ㿴ͷͳͳñֶΣһһѹȺӽǣ֮ǰǰߣ춯СʱʮϤһλߣҲҸףߵļ֮һȺվһһɹƷ࣬ߣһϹŶΪ̣棬֪ǲǰ壬Ȼ뵶ڶ
ݺʦôҾϰĺԸ֮ˣζ磬ǣһעκζͲõģȻԶԸҲԼ㣬νӬ޷ĵˣע߲󣡡
Ʒ࣬ôܿʵڲУ춯ǰ棬֮ǰҵϽҲ˳룡
նѾЩȲڴ졣
磬ȻߵһǾһҪΪֵ뿪˵ض̫ãҲ㣡
һ˫֪Է֮Ҷȱ߶ǧͼȻϢûһ˾ƾʧˡ

ھɽǰ뼸ǳݵϿգƯŽǧڸ֣Ҳʮλ֮ࡣ
ǰϰĺֶ뵶ʮλߣڵΪһָͬһĴڸ֣ղͬλͬطḴӵ󷨣Ҷŷߡϰĺ󷽡
˰󷨴ͼһ
ħĿ⿴ߵĳȻĨȥһݰƳһۣϴ󷨲Ǻֻһʮ̵ּķ󷨶ѣҪֽţȶԸϰĺ
ѹȷý룬ռͨ£ȥ֮УȻôǧͼ㣬ǧͼұ϶ᡢûģҶȰһЦƻѾһϰĺǸؼ
ٺ٣дǧͼߡԴ֮ϴӵеѾԽˣһѾڶ޷ȼģЦøӿҪڴڸУѹϰĺһ¡
ĿռͨȫͲһˡ
ܿ죬ϰĺЩȨ֮󣬳ħҪһˣȥһ֮ͬУϰĺ޾⣬ҶȣԪڵӣȻܽ뵶󷨽֮УҸɣ뿪
ʧУҶȾٻĿܣ꣬ڵǳƣ߶ǧͼ˲ڴ֮Уħȥ
Χнǧʩչӡ޴󷨣ϰĺųħ뼸ūһ·ÿһֵ
ϰϵܣǰڲ󣬲򵥰Ϊ¶ͻƣ
ħҵᣬѻתƵǰм󣬳û磬ѿ͸ڲһ
ϰĺգνصŷϣ뵶ڵ󷨣ɲȥʦ˼ңõĵںܹһ󷨣ȻŷȤǾһȥ
ã۽ҲħδֱܾӴӦϰĺûһ㰵֮ġ
ֱӷΧЩڸ֣δаֲףȻϰĺڣǾͲỳʲôЩߣҲһֻۣһֻۣ˭Ŀصӡ
Ȼ
󣬳ħź̾һĴͬӡͬΪʿϰĺδֹ
Уħ𣬺Ȼֹһ΢΢˸ǰϰĺҲħϰϵܣ㿴㣬ƺЩ΢Ҫʩչͨˣ
ȷЩӡʩչ̫ںϵòǺǱʦҪŭģҺŷϿϸ
ϰĺҡͷǰʼһӡΧı棬ƺͬӡϢһȥ
ٿ
ոһϣƺ޵ģƣ棬ƾվͲˡ
ٺ٣ŷһЦ
Լ
ͬһͬӰʹ󷨱滺߳ϰĺֻɫ飬ֹȫ֮ͬǰϰĺڳħ¶һĨЦ⣺ϰĺѹڴǧͼУ
ԭϰĺ֮ǰġϰĺҶȡ
컻أ͵ҶȿνصһˣϢƷһǿߣȻաϢûԷ౾ˣ˿ߣҶȵͨ
¿࣬úúһģħʱЦ
Ҷȸֶϰĺ̬ƣΧһλú󷨣󷨣м㣬ںϵЩף
ǣΧڸ֣һһӦ
ҶȣϰĺѳħͳȻֻʼ൶ʿӦ£ͷųһӡʼ޲Ĳ㣬ʵѾʼжһ
Ը࣬־ͷֻо䣬ת鶦ſǧͼǰȻ޿ռ䣬ҪȫǿߣЩѣ㲻ãҲʲôһǧͼپ鷳ˡ
䣬ǵһѡ
Ҷһ󷨣֮Уֲһռ㣬޵УֻҪҶȴ߶󣬶ʱΪռ̼ͨ䣬УȻܱ෢֡
ҶƬ̲Ҵ⣬ӡϰĺϢ󣬼ص󷨡
ϴ󣬸ղյ϶Ĵ٣ȥ֪ʲô
ڴ˿̣ҶԺħ
Ҷ˼һһݣŷߵĿǰȥץ磬õԪ񵶣ŷ궼ǹؼų˻жĥɱ¿Ըˡ
ƥ򣬾Ȼ԰֣ٺ٣ϴѵļǣ·ˣǰȥ
˲ʧȥ
밵УԿԪ񵶣ԼڵΪϵĵ䣬۲Ŵԣϧ̫£޷Բջ͵ԼУҶһ߳˼һ󷨡
Ѿںϵò࣬ڼҲеߣʼ䣬Ȼ͸Ҷȵܼͨ뿪ˡ
ûãҶȾ󷨣ʱ䣬Ȼһһȵ̬Ըڸֲ󣬰еȴħϢ


1239 Ұ
ʥɽߵĹŻƹ֮С
һˣϷڻƷζһ裬һ֮һ֣ʿ򿪵ţŷһ߽
ٺ٣ʲô
һڹ֮⴫ĳħ𣬶빬ŷߣֻƵĿܶѡ
ǿǿ֣ħֶΣϲġ
ŷϣ
ڣŷ߲빬ͻӭ
ħпŷߣ£Ȼʵ֪ǰʲô£
һеģ΢Цţʿϲ裬˵µûУֻǻŷһն֮£ڱʼǸǰװ׽ôλ᲻жĥɱ¿δ֪ŷϣҶеӣܲΪԼ룡
ŷףĵЩ£ҲȻйţֶΣȷ˲ΥЩ£ĵȷ֣λıֻһͨĳϣȲϾŵʮ䣬Щʲô
ŷﻰЩϣ뵶ڵ񣬹ؼĽûǣҲûն죬ôѹŹ£Ҳܰװ׿ô֣֮൶ڵߣҲôģնΪòڶѿԪ񵶣
˵ļǣȻ˻֧ն죬һͳ򣡡
һͳ򣿡
൱ҡҡͷϣʧܹһΣûеڶλᣬЩˣȴ񣬱һ¿Ԫ񵶵⣬ҲˣôʥԼն춯ɱ֣㣬ŵʮ䣬Ӧ
ն⻰ֻܵ棬Ÿ˵Щ꣬ڲ׷ɱһҲδϹϣȻŷֻܸĻ˵䡣
ֻ˳̸̸ն֮£ջУ㱾л֮ģҲ
ʾŷ߼Ʒ裬˫Ͻ̸ȥ
⣡
֪࣬ʲôûŷ֣Ҳ⣬ƻʣԺ˵ˡ
ħƯһֱȴŷ߳ͬʱҲѵõϢҶȡ
ʥɽ
⣬һӰ˹ʩչطӡЩ󷨲һ㵶ߣܽģصĵӣϰĺ
ؿķΧص־໥Ӧȴڳ˼ոƼ棬˵δھӣ󷨣ϣĪҪԴ֣Ӧòᣡ
ҶȻϰĺƽʱ̬ٶٶȻǰҲãŪ˼Ըаգν֪֪ˣֻϺ꣬ôҲ벻һŴ֮У
ĺ
һϤд
ʦ𣡡Ҷһʩӭ
һƣݺ󷨣ںϣκ˶Ķ֣գۣҶԱߣϵʵΣ
ʦ󷨽չ˳ͽʱʱ֮̿̽УѰҲ֮һһԶɣʦģ꣬ɣҶϴ
꣬ͺúʱ䣬ɼΪʦȥն죡ѯһһһƿ˲Ҷȣһͬ󷨡
Լ˾ͽ֮Уڵʿ㱨һͼ
Ҷ࣬һӭ
ൽѺ棬ͬʱɭɭɱ޳Сˣʦ棡
磬ʲôԣ⻹Ҫȥ֤϶ӽǣΪʦǶѣƥ̫޴ǵТҵͽҵǣҵϵλĹ߶ѣ
һ֣һ仰룬Ķ䣬ЦִʲôңͻڣҿԼֻǶƤӰˣ߿ܣΪӦúú룬ʲôʱԱĸ
С淴Ц
ıǲűҹѺ꣬һǼꡢ꣬ǵʱǲ˹ִǷݿ԰𣬵ʱ治ڣ
Į˵꣬ٲһۣҶȣ߹ǰֳһߣҷն졣
ൽ춯ն춼ӦˣȻͬΨгӣһġ
Ҷ֮䣬ЦЦʮνصǲö˳ӣʵѹңңֻϵù
ϷСˣһ춯һ࣬ε̾Ϣ
࿴ߣ춯һʲôʱӦЧұ͸ɡ֪ҿǱ棬ûɱ㣬㱣ݾ֮ϻδȴһֱԹ£
춯쿴࣬¶ɵգĿ⣺࣬Ҫ֣Ϸ򲻻գ۾֣ΪȨʲôӶϵˣǳɲ˴µģ
ɲ˴£ԽԽۻ軨˰ɣûѾǵһأ֮Աǡ
࣬ǰ˵ĲһСˣӣᵽͷģ㲻ţῴģ
ʱһն죬غȵ
ЩƥߵͦоΣ
ն죬Դ춯ǰĮն죬ȴһЦݣץ㣬Ե˼ϴ㱻ķͳͳһҲļƻ뱾ûаϵ
ʲôƣն쵱ֱʵ
ʲôƣѹŹ£ӰˣЩˣģ뱣㣬ģ԰ӵ㣬֮λʧһβ£µǣʧȥʧܵڶεɫͻȻ桢

նһЦʱ༥ֶӵоӵеģ࣬⣬᲻֪Ϊˣɣ㲻ң֮λȻٱңɱңö֮Ϊǰģһ˵ģˣڵضǣĸң
һӣĳˣϧ
ɫͻȻָɱӸЦϧˣ׵̫ڱ֣֮һܣǱеӣҵУ
кηһԵ춯ݵӦһ
ǲģ
ҡҡͷǰն졢춯ͳͳ˹ͳͳеӣתҶ뿪
߳ͻȻأҶȽĺǸŷϣ˱ģǸɵãӲܷΣɱ
ҶӦĺܣʦɱ˲ѣѾڣҪмʽ֪ʦŭ𣬱ɱˣõȴʽɱˣ֪ĴڣͻȻʧбȻᱻ˲¼ɣ
Ǿ졭ʱ䣬ʹȥ뵶ʿߣЩϼһһ򲻳ץն죬õԪ񵶣ǿ϶סʱ˵󵹸֧꣬ñŵն죬ЩˡҲǱһһԸõˣҪúã
ǣ
ߣ
˵꣬ϴҶȷɳڲ󷨡


1240 ʿ
ֿ֮ҶȾҪ˼ȥķһߡ
ȥ֮ǰҶȴŷߣҲǳħȻҲ˼ŷ뵶ڵĳݣΪ˵Щʿ
ᣬǵĻᣡ
ʥɽϰĺ¶ߵڡ
ҶϰĺħŷߣҪ£һ꣬ʱмȻϴ󣬼ȻҪԸ࣬ԸڣҾŷ߳ϵݣȥЩʿҴն֣ǽ̸֮Уûˣ֧ն֣Ѳֵ֧ʿͳͳгʱۼǿѹ˵Ǵûᣡ
һɸѡĺûᣡ
Ȼ䣬ҶҲǸûᡣ
֮ʮʿҳھɽ£һ򣬾Ϳһһţܵõһ򣬶ն˵ʲķ̡
նֻҶƣΪЩ顣
Ҷȴϰĺ࣬ȥټЩʿħ뵶ڵĳݣдܷ˵һˣն죬˵Խס
֮ЩΪһеʿҪʧȥҵĸ֣ҶħһһѹֱǳΪֹ
ΣҶշЩʿǵõƿصĵ
ʱҴͳ
Ҷ˴뷨ƣϰĺݣ뿪ߣʥɽ֮⣬˳ٻڡڸ֣ħƵطɳʥɽ
Լ죬֮⣬һЩɽ֮С
Ҷһһٷĵӣ룬ϣλμӼʽն죬ѱ׽ãʽһʱ䣬λϣٳһģ뵶ŷϣλǰİ
ȥ
ӡٷ֮УʱʮٷʱҶһ֣ˢˢطǰ޾ĻļɽԭĮ
ʲôն죬ץˣ
ֻգ֮䣬һߵʹݶ
ʽмʽҵ꣬δʽϷܴ
һ֮ش
һݶѾܿԶյڸı䣬ħȻҶȣϴЩɶڵĴڣеΪﵽ۷壬ҪˣǾԭҪǿһ֣
ڵ۷壬ʵѾӽ޵У֣ܶԸԭһִﵽΪ۷ǿߣҲöԸЩˣȻǿ󣬵ΣҿҪú´кǡ
ҶͻȻƣʱÿռкЩʩչǧͼж٣Ǵ𲻴ӦҪҪǣǽһ
ٺ٣ϴ䣬ܵõôڸ֣࣬ô򣬽նҪһͳ׾ˣ
ħƺҪǿߣ֪ôһ£ͱǧͼȻҶһƷĳ
̫Ѫڣ
ಣ
ʮ
һǿ󡢰Եڴս٣һ꣬꣬ˣͬǣǵΪڣǴﵽ۷Ĵڡ
Ҷ̴ϰٸ֣ϰĺݣӭЩߣϰĺļ䣬ȻʶЩʿ
ܿ죬˶ʮʿмһֱûлǲм࣬ҲںնҶħ𣬴Щʿ뵶ѰһƬգʩչ󷨣һͬоۻᡣ
ʮߣ࣬Ҷħ·Ƕһʿħ볤ݣȴҲȲЩʿݡָߡ
ովۻᣬһĿѮߣ㵱ʲãҶһ裺ն죬У
ǵģǰɷģնܺãδΣÿʽҶȿʼϰĺݣϳƣЩ̸߽
һ̸һ졣
һ֮ҶȾħ𣬻еϰٸ֣Ŷʮʿʽ̤뵶򣬶ϽӼǡ
ϣ
ʥɽһ󷨿ռ䣬ǶʮϢĵطħҲŷ߳ݣס
ʱһ˽ħڵĿռ䡣
һʱһˣˣȻǵõħ⣬ӵ֧նǷĵʿ
λǶˣλѪзߣжɱ¾ҶץҲΪ޷ǣһֱ֧ģˣûаɱ֣λڵǶ
ħŷߵݣضʿһһ˵
ŷ֣ؼˣ㣬˶ѣҪ֧ҲЩ꣬࣬ҲʱʱоۻᣬζԸڵƣ
ƵʵǷʲôˣ
£ôӳ飬ȳǻа취򡭡һжǿ̸
ߣһ´˻ϻӣ໥һһԣ׷׷ԣħҲʱʱ˵ϼ䣬óħõõϢ
ڶ죡
ϰĺĶߵڣħһ˵ҶϰĺļūŮͳͳ뿪ȻʵΣʿʲô˼
ħȻЦһŭǣϴЩ˴֧նֵģֻûǷվ˵նǲŻǣն̶ƷĴƻУЩˣĲϣ
Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣·ڼ䣬˺ܶ࣬Ŀ˸ǱȻģ˵˵δӸҪĴڣһ˼ڴϣϧ񱻷ȻԸ⣬ͷ񣬶ڿƱ仯Щ˻ûģȻҲкõһ棬ЩˣųǸģ
ߣ絽ʱ࣬һˣһһѹʵڲУͳͳΪܣΪãħаЦݡ
ʵڲУֻһС
ΣҶȾȻûзԳƵ飬ʮ޳ɣȥǹͨٶʿһģǵ˼ҵȥ磬Ȼȥ࣬Щôһʱգ
ãǷͷ£
һļϣ
ħȥˣҶٻϰĺѾҶ˲䣬ԪΪܣڶߵȴҶû߶ǧͼ˲ʧ
ڣ
ֵܣˣ
գ۹ҶȾʹʥɽߣ֮ڣеն죬ٿȻ̴ۣ߶Ԫʵ
磬ֵˣϢˣΰȥٻʿһִ֣֧ģЩˣЩηηβҶֳֻնܿĴڡ
ǿڱץסԲŸ˵Լ뷨ƽ£֮УԲˣȻվ֧ңЩ˶ܾš
ն·й־֮һҲˡ
Щ綼õģԸǣкܶ취ڼʽҪٿ磬ͷаգȫ£ΪãҶȺȻתƻ⣬Աߵ춯ʵ
ʵնͳ˼Ϊεɫһүүûа⣬棬̣Ȼ֧ңȻ̬ǲֵڲᣬΪΪ


1241 
δֻУԼСЩߣֻм֤δĹԣ
Ҷһһ֮С
Ϊ棬ǿػߣȻڵڲӲ֣Ȼһ棬ڵڷչȷкܴƣĿǰʽЩڵ棬īسɹ棬ڽ᳹׵ʧɽ硣
նʲô⣬ڲ˵ûδ٣δøã
һƷ࣬棬ͷǻȥɣ̣ǣǿԼһܰɴ£תǬնͷӦ
磬Ҫȥ࣬ݱ𣡡
һ֮ҶȾʹ߶ǧͼʧռ䣬ʣն˫ۣӣһǳżᶨӳ졣
ʥɽۣ֮
ϰĺʿ£빬Щʿ벻ʱϰĺѱ˶ᡣ
Ҷϰĺݣ빬ͨ裬һж׼ֻżʽһȺһŻ
£ֱӿڵĺղΪʦȥһӦ֪˭ն֮£֪ˣΪʦļƻҲ޳ɣǾͶһǿԮ
ʦ˵Ǿŵ֮һġ롯ҶУһƬȣ룬Ժͳһǿ
໺ǽŵ֮һ䣬ΪΪʦҪǿһ֣Ҿŵʮ棬ҪһЩΪʦõն뿪Ԫ񵶵ϢżʽУᱻ֪ʱ֪εȷˣ뵶ΪʦߵĺܽҲǲµĴڣ˼ҲҵĴ㣬뷨ͬ˴֣֮Ž˴ˣʱΪʦпܣն콻ƿأһƿһԼһͲΪʦһˣðűԸķգһһҪԸǣ̸ף
룿ϰĺ룬ҲǸصʵǳǿΪҪܶ꣬ϹŶҲһˣ¶Ըδزʲô¡
ҶȰһ룬ʣһּƻĳ֣ˡ
ն죬ԭǶԸֱ֮Ӱն콻Ȼһֱƻб䣬¼ƻһ
ʽ֮ǰΪʦʱΪʦΪ飬Ҫ뽭ĵ߶Ϊʦ㣡
ҶȲɫϻ㱨飺Ϊʦֵһ֣ͽְ𣬶ˣʦѾǰϣеϸڣͽԼ飡
ãȥһӻ֣Ҷȱתȥ
뿪Ҷϴٶǧͼȥն죬¶̬߸ն죬Ȼ뿪
ϰĺµ֮ڣħüͷҶȣڼʽ֮ǰ֪᲻ն֣ǰߣǼƻȫˣ
ҶһֱĬţĬĬͬƵһòſڣǾŵ֮һͬΪŵ䣬վڵһٵ۷ڴڣпǶɹٵĴڣǸ޷ԸЩŵȻӵжٵǿĲֻģǲǰ֣ǰĻûа
ϴ󣬼ȻѾܻͷԾͼ£ֻҪܳɹѹ࣬Ǿ˵ʱնڽ֣֮ҲնʲôƻֶΣնַΪϱҪնøĺô磡
ĿǰֻӦ䣬ҪһЩ޷ԤϵĥѣҲգȻ¶ģǾ͸ɵף˭Ҳ޷赲ǵĲ
Ҷڲħ¼ʽľϸڣΪϾҪද֡
ۿֻ£Ǽʽ֮գһ죬ҶħڵڲЩʿķͣȻһ߶ҶȶҶƣе߲Ǳ
תʥɽۣ֮֮С
ڣǿյģҶᳵ·ƫһǿ֮УʱӭͼƯһɽۣ
Ҷȿһǿߣʩ񣺡ʦ𣡡
ͽǰ
˲תԱˣϢת¶һų棬Ȼȫɫǳɫˡ
ʣλƤĹˣǾŵ֮һ䣬롣
ҶϹʩԵޱ빧ϰĺ뽭ǰǰãյüǰգӣ
డ˸˼ͽܣ
벢δҶֱ˵ʲôֱתࡣ
֣вͽͽԶһ棬󻹵ͷֶչˣڽǰ̫ǫ顣
ͬʱתҶȣûаһն͹֮ӣ޷ıģҲΨһ̻ɣ
Ķӣһ㣬޷ʲôҲͬն죬ĪǿУҵ»۲Ŵԣϵģ΢΢Ӧ
ն첻Ǹ߰ˣֵĿԪ񵶣նҲʲôһûˣûˣ
Խʵ⣬οǿ䣬Ѵ°̨棬ܲܵˣһң
㣬̣¾ʱӴұͬкһ
Ϊ˱⣬Ͱն콻㣡
һ̸֮൱Ž棬ʩչһӡһǿ£һƬռռһն졣
ն񹤾ߣ˶á
ն죿һն죬·ʮֿ϶նݡ
뽭Ȼδ棬Ĵڵڵȴ׹նŵЦԳյѣȴΪˡ
ҶڰУһ磬⣡
ն죬ʵ֣Ӵ˾ͽ㣡һͷԱߡ
ָ΢΢һָһ⣬ն죺ؼҵģɣ
ؼңն켥Цһ˫ۡ

նָϵ⸲ǣ˲䣬֮УһжΪӰ
磡
׼Ǽն죬ǿǰƷһҶУȼ޾ŭ
ⷽʽھ֪һУ취иɣն죬ڴݱ𣡡
õն죬Ҳ£˿һۣһ߳˲Ͳˣʩչ˲ƣһͨ
ȥ磡
롭
һֱĬĬͽȥԼ㹦򣬲תҶȣĺȥ׼ʽɣҪŵ£֪ǣʥУҲǵڵƿߣ
ǣ
ϹҶȴɱ⣬Ƭ󷨡
뿪ϲʥأҶȻصϰĺߣħ𴫵Ԫ񣺡汻ཻ׸˽롭
ֻó桭һ֮ѣ
ħŭˣοҶȣϴˣҪúöԸһѹǺӾ͵ͷˣѾ⣬֧նֵĵǿߣǣǵõף
һеȶȡ࣬˵
ϢҶԪ񣬲ħ˵ʲôںʧ䣬ն뽭֣֮ʮѹҲԤƻ
նôʹ尾û뵽ĥѻ


1242 ද
ת۶ȥ
ڽ죬ۼԽʮʿĴ֮ΧǧߣһЩҪҶȿƵꡢϰĺУħ΢΢ԶһЩ
Ҷȿϰĺȴൽ
ȫӾɽơΣ׵ĵ۶ڳ˶վͷžηĿ⣬ӭλϵ
ֻǱԻˣ֪ʦļСˣûȥ
ڴǰߴҶȿϰĺӭȥвٵĵӣԼȨĳϣԼһٶ𣬶ڣҲǳЩʿ⣬򼸺еھͷ
һ򣬱ӵһٶλھͷ
һߣͬŸֵװʥۣõ⣬Ųߣһһ޴ʥѿԪ񵶵ģͣȻģͣҲɵԪ񵶵ɵĸƷ
ʥع飬
ϷѿԪ񵶣š
еĵʿվÿˣͷԵϿգ춼ǵݺᡣ
վһָһԵ⣬ΪԪ񵶵̬Ϸһʱ䣬ܵˣ£ɼڵʥÿʿŶôӰ졣
ţΪΨһĹ⻵˶˵־ڵõʥ棬Ըʿأ񷲻

ÿʿʱ˿̣࣬ʥѡˣɣеΨһˡ
Ϊƿ˵ʥǵȱѡļ̳ߣΪΣնҪѾһУҪõԪ񵶵ԭ
Ըʥ쵶δеڵ־
һߣΧǾǼ볤ϣǰʥΪΨһΪʥƿߣȻСʶеΨһ
ߣϴ󣬿⸱ӣЦˣ
ħŷϣδ£ֻĬĬʥģȴ֮ԱǣҶȽ
Ѿʩչǧͼڴ֮У±߶ϰĺϣҶȵԵʮޡ
ٺ٣һҪˣ
ħʮֵ⣬һжѹ࣬ʹʽڶ֣зߣնһĵڡ
ʽھ֮УЩڵļߣϵʽ죬ڲŸһ䡣
൶ڸ֣һ̤֮Уһ֮󣬿ʼǰʩչĵ
ϰĺΪ˵ľţȻɱģҪȥһ֣ϳѾǿҪʱ
ϰĺʽУϳǰҶȿƣֻһܶѡ
䣡
֮УϰĺᵶʩչԵĸڵԼͨ˽кãϰĺʼʩչ󷨣Χ󷨿ʼһˣӵжԿǧʵ
ϲдţ
ڼ䣬ٵߣʼϲϲյһͽܡ
࣬һֱ¶΢Ц
ڴʱһֱݷĳħж
ߣŲٳߡ߲棬صˣϰСܣǿֶΣڼʽӽҲʧһμѻ
飡Աһߣʹкá
Χĳߣʱը˹֪ڰķУǿ֣֮׷ױʾ֣ͬ죬ӭʥ壡
ħתʮˣ˫۸߸𣺡ӭչʾչʾҵϵ
ɲǼ䣬˶ʼ
˳£Ҳ޷סƺҲվ𣺡ðɣѵõĴӣҲþһ
˵꣬һԾ𣬷֮С
Χĸ֣Щͨʿֱ˫ۣѵõĻᣬֳȸԾ
֮УϰĺӭࣺʦͽúѧϰĻᣬͽʦҪǰΪԼ
ģΪʦҲˣãΪʦͨ£ʱֶ

ϰĺŹʱ֣ɲǼ䣬ĵƣӿֳһӡص󷨣̰סˡ

һ䣬ֻǵһ¡һǰĵ󷨣Ƴһڣϰĺǰࡣ
ϰĺͻȻı󷨣ٶʼγɿ籩꣬ѹ࣬൭һЦڵʱʱëڿдݺᣬϵԾκεκβ
أΨǿ
ϰĺֱ仯һĵںϴ󣬵ǿߣֻܸӦ޷ۿڵһУĵʿĿתǿĵڴڱûд򣬶óΪ档
ϴ󣬿׼ˣ㿴࣬ȫԼǽǣصĴڣûһ˿
ϯ̨ϣħŷϣʱ·صЦݣȻ߶ԪҶȿʼн
ѿϰĺʩչĵУں޵ĿռӡȻ֮࣬УҶƺ޴ڣųƴ߶Ԫʹдݳ
䣡
⣬ıը
ڲϰĺ൶ͬٲ࣬ڵǰҼƵģδֻ֣һζܣƺ뿴ϰĺЩͨ
ĺʵѾУ޵еĴڣΪʦ⣡Уʮοһ䡣
ʦͽʦֵģ
ϰĺʮ־ǿĻӦһͻȻĽӡַ˸ı䣬ȻһɹɰԵĵȻֱӳΪһռ䣬ֱƮƹֱײȥޱߡ
ֵΪʦ΢΢һ£
࿴ɺȻһһƾ൶֮ǰ¡һȻϰĺĵϰĺ·ܲס֮˱ڲ֮С
һ̣ϰĺһץһƬץȥ
Ŷ
⣬û뵽ϰĺĹһذһأתһɵͻأ΢΢һ֣һƣͰѵ÷飬Ȼתϰĺʧ󷨡
ӡ
ոշڲ󷨣ʧΧ֮Уһ˫۾ͻȻֺЦݣ˫ֿʼᷨţ󷨵Ϣûиı䣬Ǳøޱߡ
ڲ֮У
࿴ܣƺѰϰĺҡҡͷͽɣѾĺܺãκιΪʦûаӰ죬ΪʦΪԽ̫࣬ԭδΪ̤Ϊʦָ߶ȣһ޵еĴڣ
ʦ𣿡

ͻأ֮䣬ϰĺһ޴󷽴̳
תٶӦѿϰĺֶΣȻ󻺻ƣΪʦô꣬ӵеΪܱģΪʦʱ䣬ȻҲӵ
ϰĺĮأȻƶ޵ƴȥ

ϰĺȻƣҵײûл֮£ƺڱȫϰĺϡ
ڴ˿̣ͻ䣬ˡ
ϰĺɫһڣȻӵ֮Уһɽɫȭֱ˵üͷһ壬δ⣬ֻΪϰĺԼõѡ


1243 ѹ
డ࣬ʼո߹Լҵ߶Լ޷ȣҲ֪һȭֱһȭж
ʱ򣬾ϰĺֵĿռҶȵĿ⣬ЦݣһУ֮С
˫Ŀһ裬ŴӵȭǶȥҶȴ˿˫ͻȻһϡ
ڣ
ĺԼȥУҲջ񣬵Ϊʦ֣̫棬ﵽΪʦ־磬Ϊʦʵ
Ȼûջأֻһǿҵƣ֮ǰǿʢƺҲ֪ϰĺͷŵͬһ㡣
һӣ󴸵жƻأ
಻֪ϰĺȴǹִһǰģӲ鵶УƶԵұۣڻ£ұ۵ԡ
Ȼ
䣡
ϰĺ·þȫȭײһ౾һЦݣֱײ֮ϣոҪ˵ʲôʱͻȻȭ۵⣬ֻǾһȭƳѪָϡ
ôᣡ
࿴ȭĻ֪Ҫջ֣ϧ˲䱻ûΪѪˮʼˣҪߣȭԴݿƣұۣգ۾ͺóΪһƬѪ
ұûˣ
һұۣȻϵˣ
䣡žžž
ԽǻȭȭǲֹͣϰĺĿײ
ͽס֣ʧȥһֻұ۵࣬ȻЩ治ɫһֻұۣ˵ƺûжĹϵɭɭϰĺ·ұ۵
ֻǲ˵ϰĺ
ϰĺû˿ɫȫʩչұֱۣǰĻһں
ϣ
౻ұۣ˺ԶͻȻӶ֣ұһ㣬ˣûһ𣬾Ȼȭȥ
ȭֻķһͬǰ֣ݺݵץϰĺͷ­֮ϣҪͻȻ󷨿ռ䣬ԹâȻ
ʲôȻδɿϰĺΧԿռ䣬·Ԥϵʲôæʩչ˲֮ϧʧǿ̣ԿռȫΪӰϰĺƾ
ಣ
գۣϰĺƾյس󷨿УľصȺţͷһĳ붯
ռ䣡
һŵӰͻأԿռ䣬࣬ʩչ˲֮ͻȻѹžžžѹ޷˾һ£ҲУǶʯ֮С
ʱ˿̣ʶ׷ʲôһţôǿʢԿռ䣡
ȻУֻĿǳѣ
Ҷһԣǰ
˭ҶȵıûһӡƺӲ֪ôһ֣ڵ
ȻҶȲδشǻ֡
״ΪҶҪɱ֣ʼϧ֫޷ſ죬һֲĵ
꣡
ϧǣֲĵոͱԣֱѹ飬ʧõȻ޴棬Ҳ˵κͷųֻҪһ뿪ͻֹͣǱѹʧ
ż֮䣬кܶʱ̸ֻҪһѪ⣬ѣ
Ҷ˲ָһץָָݺݵץϣһԲҶȵԵ˺һƤҶʩչӡһһģһƶֳͬ
ಣ
࣬ӵϢҶӡֻҪûоͷཻ֣ᷢǿܵܡ
Ȼһǰѿˡ
𾪵㡢ʲô
ҶڲżˣһһԣΪһűȥࣺ㲻ʧڼʽ֮У㱾ȻҪһͬĿܣȥӦӦʧϢһڵ¶ȥ򻹲ˣǵļƻҲˣ
㡢㵽˭
ⷬͻı仯޴޷ţƽ̾Ҿŵʮ֮Уû־֣ѵ
ҲǵڵˣҲǸκιϵ
һǿߺ޷ƯǰҶȰʮ㣬ο˻ԼǿУҶ̬һЦҿԸ㣬һõն죬ֵܹϵҵĴ磬ֵܣ
ʲô
һӾ𾪣ţһն죬Ҷǿֵܣңֵܣǿ
ˣһЩݣ㿴ɣ
ҶȺȻӶ˫֣ˣ˲ӱ𣬻ΪԪ꣬ͽܣϰĺûһûһϢ
㡭ƺе࣬˵ԭ㣬ֲ֪ҶݣԭҶʱʱߡ
ȻûвǶٵǿߡ
ҲҪʽĽһԼֶ죬ֶ۵״ӣֶֻ֪죬û£кܳʱ䣬Ǹ㣬һǧֻ꣬ȥһѣкܶʱ䣬ҽҴ罻

ֶ졢һصʱһУ޻˵𽥰η޼£Ȼ֮УٵΪ޷ӳġ
࿴ҶȣĿ̫ࣺû뵽࣬һȻƣ
ҶһЦЩˣһǺͿģƫƫ󣬲֮ʵڿЦһȷˣԴʦ棬Ȼ͵Ϯ㣬ѹѺԴһϧϣȡ֮λʦ棬޳ܣ㣬һҲΪ
ڣ뽭Ҵ罻Լ¿Ԫ񵶣ֽ룬ԿĿģΪڵǵڵʲôֱֻ֮λȴûлȥ̤ʵһҶһ䳰ȷֱСˣԡ
㲻˵̣㻹Ǹǳ߿ܣȻʧܣ뵽һ죬õˣұܳΪһףʧˡֻܻΪ
û뵽Ҷһû˵֣ȻԼ뷨Լ϶
Ҳǣ꣬ǵڵϣôý˵ԣǷһ
ʱ棬µ㣬ͽϰĺӴн߳ܵʿݣ
Ҷһ䣺ʵңûмǽҿĿһ죬˾ܲˣ
Ȼնֵܣôĳ㣬Ϊն죬صȨʵǿԺбǣԿɳɾʹҵ಻ңδϹ룬ʱҪ˵Ҷȡ
Ҷίߣ
ֻǣҴˣ
ҶȵһЦȻҪ㸨ûҪҲ֪ҵĶ㣬Ҳ㣬ļֵ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬Ц㵱ȻҪң϶ɽڵĴڣ֪ڵڲ֪ʲôʵң𣿹СӣΪѿ㲻Բ߶ѣ


1244 춯
һ˼ܼ򵥣ǶٵھͷһССԲߣ޷ϵõʲôҪĶ
ģҶ֪뷨
⸱³ﻹװŶ뷨
ҶһĨЦû˵Ϊһܶԣڵ޷ʩչ龻ֶ֣ٸֵԺԪУȡһ鱨Ҷȴﵽڣƿκǿߡ
ô
Ҷһ˿Ĭԥ𽥵رֱĿ¶ɣҺõѡҪն죬ϵ֮λûһԸǸܣоŵʮ򣬻ʿʵǿϻ֧֣ʵöԸ
ֻ࣬Ϻ꣬ǰˣĻһҲûãʵļֵѾõˣ벻Һѡ񣬼סǰûʸ񣬼Ȼ㲻ԶɣУҪɱ㣬Ƭ̾ѣܻʣֵڱӻ㣡ú룬ͨˣ߶Ԫɣ˼Ҫȥݣӹ򣡡
˲һԾҶȺʧھռ䡣
գۣҶȱڵʥɽ֮Уֻʽѽ൶ڸ֣ϰĺѹƴʮʿɢȥҶ˲߶ǧͼת˲ͳʥɽ֮ڵĹŻƹ
ڣֻˣ·ǳħŷߣϷǵ֮öٸ֣ࡣ
ֻһܶѡ
ϴƯɵƯδҶӰħ͸ӦҶȵϢӿ֣ʱվ¶ԭɭɭЦݡ
պϢڵҶһ£ڵҶЦЦϷһץģҶȶʱΪģ
˿̿ʼǵ֮࣡
ӵϢͨϴǧͼߡԪͨҶϢû˿óΪαװ࣬˶١ٸ֣Լ⣬ûܲͬ
û࣬ҶȼԱƣαװʮ㣬âۣͫͬںӱߣвʪţֻϺ꣬һֻˣû뵽ᱻƣھռ䣬Ϊϣɱ˴ˣ˵ϣʣֵûեȡեˣô˽ᣡ
ƺȻҶȣӲ֪ж٣ھͿʼڲֻаѵڲһܰĶԸԼ
֮ǰȥԵĿռУǰ춯ͷˣߣһİ֣ǵڵϹŶʱ棬Чöˣ춯ݣõ˳ʱߣһˣ
ú˼һǵ֮һ𣬿ѹסǿƵ򣬽ס
ȻǰһЧã
Ҷ̴߶ƣųħ˲ɳ֮УУڰ硣

ʿʱֳҶ࣬ϥ£һҳģ
ҶȰڰ֣ʹųħֱӷΣ
࣡ϣ
ոսΣӭѺҶ࣬ʱú޲ðһڳԵ
Ҷûǣƣ̣ܷţԺһͳ򣬻ǵȴپǵȥ
Ϊãģħֱӣһɨ棬ƾӣԼˣ˵Լˣ˸Ӷš
˼ǰߣܿ춯ڵƺ춯Ҳǡࡱûκζ
ҶǰֱͷųһȻ΢춯Ƭۣ̾¶𺧵ĿҶƣ·֪ݡ
ǰˣǾͽϳǣ򣬻һɾĵ򣡡
Ҷ˵һģʼȼգΪ˻ҽ춯ָɣһʵ໹ǿĵϹŶվӶ˫ۣϵϣͻЦݡ
ܾûֺˣܺãϣȻϣҪ򣬻ҪЩʱʵﵽ۷壬걻˰㣬һֱδҪһЩʱ򣡡
춯Ҷħ𣬵Ȼ˵
С˼кܶ౦ȥĵɣҶͷһӡơ춯󷽷뿪ڵ춯ʱ¶Ŀ⡣
ûκ֣˾ͻصʥɽ֮ϵĹ춯ҶȡƻҪϤܿ춯пռ䣬ҲҶƿ۽磬Ȼƿص򣬵һһն
ڼ䣬ҶٿᣬʮУȨߣʿ뵽
ʮ꣬˵ָһӼ䡣
ʵָ߰˰ˣﵽٵı״̬뵱۷״̬һ룬ָܻ࣬ڻǣ֮Ϊأ
֮УڲȻ̻ԻͣҲǴ硣
춯Ϣʮ꣬ԴڻعϹŶƣڶԷҶƣһθо޷
˵һɣ꣬ǳԽ˵ĴڣԶŵĴħԼɴۡۡ໨ŴۡǬ˹ȵЩˣŻɽ磬بŲ
ǰͨĪУѣҶƶһء
춯ʱһ꣬һݴˬ˵ǵѾԽ࣬ϹŶûδȴδ඼֣֮ϲѣϣʵ飡
Ǿ׼ٵڣǰڰ򣬵ʱ̣ǣѸı乬ĴֻҪ̫µǿߣԽ޻أʵǣȴ޷ǵģֻǰóϷ
Ҷվ춯ǱȻת뿪󷨣춯ʱͷŸӦ㹬֮С
λǰ
ڣۼٶȨߣʮλʿϰĺڵڣӭÿһǿߡ
ٶˣǵĸ֣ȨߣǳۣڵڣһЩʿȻûж٣ΪѴﵽڵ۷壬һһʽԽԭǵࡣ
˵ھɽ磬޽֮أЩ˶һߡ
λãԼ˰ȴţſϰĺһ٣ֻҶȻû࣬Ϸ߳У
˲Ϣվ
ÿ£ǵԼˣؼ⣡
Ҷ£ֿÿһſʼһһ£ɼڵУжߵλá
˵ץõԪ񵶣λڵˣ۱¿Ԫ񵶵⣬֪ڳλкοҶϢӸߴˣ˵

νһʯǧˣ
ڳˣ·δϵ˷˼ʱ̣ྐྵȻѻ⣬ֱӰۣǶû뵽
һЩʿҲû뵽
Ӿмʽʼն챻ʥ￪ԪֵеĻ⣬ʼڵڲ÷зȻû˵ĸ˲ۣϾն죬ĶӣԪ񵶸ǵڵʥ
һûʸ񵥶ƿصڵʥġ


1245 
Ȼ⣬Ƕ͸ࡱ⣬û˸ҵһڣ
ǣȴվ˳
ˣǳħŷߣ뵶һλϡ
ҶʩȻˣҲǵһӣͬʱץնĸˣλն˭ѹŹ£ڳλûж˼ʶǰǵڵǿߣɽʱգħа֪ɱٵɵаͷ
˵꣬û˵ֳÿ˶ڳĬڻζеڳ˼
иˣҶվصĵӣϰĺ
һ֣˶
ϰĺŷϣ봫棬˵ڵϣм¼ʲô˼նµطҵһͳˣŹ£ҲӦ
˼Ҫվһֻվ棬˵乫ѵǵڣ˵ڵڣһֱϣҪ⣡ħŷߵ̬λ˵дʣ
һʿƺħϵõġ
վ𣬽ųƵĻŹ£ΣҪһ·ǵƣвɷĹͣɱⲻжĥɱ¿õڵ飬õϢ
ܱ
Ȼһվɭɭؿƣǵڵľߣǲǵǵڵĸ˵Ҫյڵľ£ʥ뱣סǵ򣬽ھŵʮУλԽԽߣͬΪΪأֱӹϽģ
ߣ˵ڼֵ
ڹŵʮ򣬶ŵʮ໥֮䣬Ҳѹơ
ˣֿˣҲ죬ˣҪǧͼһһԪӡ
֮ϣҶһֱ䣬ʱѿóʲô־֧ն죬ֵ֧򣬻ֵ֧ˣΪ棬˭棬Ǿ˭
Ѿˣ
ǣǾͲѡ㣡
ੲݣ˷ħ·ɿ̽ʿ뷨Ͽϰĺ࣬ʱ˵䣬𽥵أٶ֣γ̬ơ
һ֧ն죬վڳħһ
һֵ֧ڣҪյھ߰¡
һֵ֧֧ࡣ
ǵǵڵĸھߣֻӣӴƣһͳкܴô
ֵ֧ڵһߣһ˵
վڳħԱһʿƺгߺڵĵڣʲôֻԸ̳дλĵڣǲŻΨǴӣ
ⶼǵڲԼ£غڣǵǿ󣬲ʸڵ˵ϻκξߣǶӣһЩߣվһĸȻ˵
Цǣ˵꣬һֱ࣬ⲻ֪ͳΪ
ĵ򣬳Ϊ㣡
һϵҶȵĶһ춯̾Ϣ֮
Ҷ̴ȥǰ˻ЩˣһˣûУȻþӰ˼Σڵ־ʧһ㣬ڸı䲻ˣȵӭʱŻı䣬Ҫģǿǵ뷨ĵʿˣ
಻ٿȥֱӶְɣ춯Ĭˡ
ҶһȻڣϰĺһߺȣֳϷġ࡯ҶȻ¿Ԫ֮뷨Ϊ˵Ϊңڣ뵽˹ȥٿԼλʵҪʲôʲôȨƣʲôʥǵڲѾõĺƵ־УڱУֻն죬Żȥ̳еڵĴУõȨƶѣ

˻һ֧ģվڵһ֧ߣ̾
ƽʱĪ⣬Ȼһŵ򣬵ʱ˿̣Ȼѻֱ˵ôףⲻǹȻڷڵ
ʱ˲Ըˣ
ֵ֧ڵһһЩ߿ʼнһߵں棺ǲܱѵڵľ飬һΥǾͻܵڵĳͷǲܵˣ
ҶϢĵȻֻһλ飬δкܴӰ죬֧λԸģվ
ֻܶӵڵĲ䣡һЩߣʱ׷ѡվΧ
ҪǷǰ
һЩվֵ֧ڵġ
Լһٶˣڣʮ𣬿ֵ֧ڵǿߣ治١
ʣµĸ֣ûκζ֮Уֵ֧ģ֧նġ
ȻһжˡǿʲôʵɣҶȺȻıƣϤϢһϢʱڲΪǳĺڰ
̧ͷȥһƬ޽ǿ硣

Ȼı仯ٶˣǺεȵĿռֶΣȻ˲Ϣһ硣

һħɭɭЦˡ
˻ͷԴֻħŷߣϰĺҶ࣬վߴŷߣѾ֪ĵڳϣһħڿʼݺ
òȻŷߣΪһİգǳƵգֻһѡ
仯еĵǿߣʱ֪롣
λ
Ҷ˵ˣ
߳˿ʱòҲΪһͨա
ⲻ
ٶ֣һ㶣𺳲ѣǵȻǱˣǶ޷ӦЦ
Ҷȵλǵ࣬ѾΪҵĽҲ˵ˣ뵶򣬶ҵƿ֮Уҵݣʲôֵ࣬ܣնҵĽݴ磬Ϊԭɣ
ܣǵޱǿ󣬶ٵĴڣô׾ٱѹ
˿̣һ֧ߣͳͳҶȡ
ǲţܼ򵥣
ҶһЦһӣһԹ⻷ʱһĵķӡ棬һ޷ֵǿߣࡣ
ٶ֣ˢˢϹ˫ۣ׷׺
СӣͨôˡȻͬ㵣ȻΪҶͳһ˵򣬵ǣȴྶͥ
ҶȿˣûȥһۣλնҴ磬ҵĳ㣬ȻǸҴ磬һ·֮λ𣿲಻ţǶˣѾõԪ񵶣һжǼƻ֮УǣֻзӣҾ㣬вӵҴģվ
ߣƾ㣬ƶȡڣ
ƾһ󷨿ռ䣬סǣ
ɲǼ䣬󲿷˶δ֮ǰһٶֵ֧ڣ֧ǿߣмˣվֵ֧ڣն졣
Զԣ󣡡
һٶǿߣվҪԸҶơ
Ǿ޷תǬҶȻûжŭģˣһ䡣
ȻܣںεȵĴڣŵʮ򣬻ʿƾǼ޷תҲ֪ʲôӣҪѹôˣܣ
ԣλڿǵڴǴǵʱǧ
ЩߣԼҪվһ𣬾Ȼתˣ޲ҪˣԸҶȡ


1246 δ
ɿ𣬾ȻеˣҲվǵﵽˣʣˣ˾
඼Ҷѹǻ
ħ¶аЦݣǽٷߣЦܺãܺãһƥǵĺӵͷˣܷãһԣܷܲӴˣǱе빤ߣ
Сôߣ󣡣
˵Ķ飬ʮڵĴڣǵȫʸе̣ҶȽа壬˿ʼ߶ƣƺѴǧͼ޾ʱգһռ󷨡
Ҳ벻ɽĿռ䷨ҶС
Ҷȶʱɫһ䣬͸ɱһץЩ֪νϹһ棬һȺ߹Ҷ඼ûʸʸҾͽѹԺֲԪӡǣҲɱǣɱǣοƵ򣡡
ƣ
ǿһʱͷŸ
ٿ
ڴ˿̣һûӰ˵Ϸ
һ꣬һûбꡣ
ûб飬Ϊһ飬ת鶦飬һ飬ת
ˣߣͳͳѹ
ת˫ֶ·һٶǿߣֱӻӶһӡ·ڸ֣ͬʱͷųʱתȻȥ
¡¡
һ飬һ˵Ȼһٶֵ֣ѹȥȫ飬ͬʱиϣѹһѪĭԪήҲǣȫתĶ֡
ת鶦ϹŵͲ˿ԿģȻǷ𣬵ӵеҲﵽ
һ֣ѹˣ࣬ҲתĶ֣ħһͳħնɱͬĶٸ֣һʵǿһ棬ΪתǿΪ֡
Ҷȳ֣κβ񷷨򣬾ֶΣѹһˡ
˵ҪӴˣǱңҴնеĹߣʲôʱԴҳϣʲôʱָܻɣǷԪƣƬ̼䣬ǾͻԪ龻֣
ԵǿߣѪֶΣ
ǿߵ棬ҶȾȻЩ֣ߵӣһЩʿߣֱӴ߶С͵Ļ龻֣赲ģһٶֵԺһʱΪйƤ
ֻгߣǾֻ·һˣǵҲˣǷˮһ죬ҲУ
Ҷ˵꣬Ǳѹһٶǿߣڲ֪ҶΪѹԭҶȿˣЩˣҲΪһ˭棬˭ӣǳ𣿡

ٶ֣ɵ磬ѪĵʿȻûһҿһ䡣
ҶֵҪǾسҲԪӣǶԸ⣬ܺãǶǵڵʿǾóǷݹԵڵ־վ̹ض˵Ը⣬Ȼ󣬽ɣóǵ
Ը⣡
ҲԸ⣡
Ĭˣʾ
Ҳܰɣ
û뵽Щ֣ߣ˵Ҷ̴߶龻ֵԪӣһһÿԺϣֻһܽ⿪Ϊֻƿ̫ؼ޵ĴС
Ҳ޷⿪
࣬˰ɣ
˳ƵȨߣҶתࣺû㣬ҲһԿƵ򣬷ߣֻһ·ھ̬ȵʱ򣬲ҪΪͿ԰סǷݿ԰ڵ棬ңǳ
СӣвһЦȻţٵʵݣҶȲɱ
ɱҶȾͲɣն죬һͳĴҵ
ûлش֮ǰ
ҶȺȻˣͷһԪȻǾãǵϣҲ˶ԴǵһңǲΪˣԸһλߣǼͻ֪ʲôˣҪǶҴԵĳ
ʲôˣ
ˣȻҶȿƣûжҶȳһڿǿգһ벻⡣
Ҷƣžǰɣ
ԭСӡӵִеľһߵż𺳣֮⴫
ǣ
ʱ൶ʿˡ
˽Ŵ𺳣Ϣܣܣϲ𣿲ܣ㲻ܻţ
ôˡ
һߣ˲Ҷǰֳ춯Цݣٶ֡
㣡
һЩʿȻ󾪣𾪴ϲ

ţֻ춯˲䣬ʿˣһһ˲Ϊ춯ޱ𾴵ɫһֱûжһ£ûֱ
춯һݼ䣬Ȼһ֣ԳԽʱ¶ɣЦݣǺ⣬࣬ǻΪ˻ˣ֮λ̫ˣЩˣѰҺˣе֮λ࣬Ǹ֮ˣǰŽ湦ɷһ죬ڵʱ벻ٸ֣ͻȻ֪֡ˣѹԭɱڣһͳڵҰģ࣬˽ģһҹѺһǽΪ˶ԸǸˣ
⣡⣡⣡
һܣ춯ÿһˣЩ֣Ȼּ࣬޳Сˡ
춯Ϊǵõÿ˴еĹĻȻκ˻ɡ
һʱ䣬Ϊʸ֮ģÿ˶һƵģ
ҶҪľЧҪųжȣѹǣȴҪķڷҶת࣬Ŀ㣬ƻʱʲô˵ҷ㣬Ҳ޷ڵ㣡
ǵĻҲţȻ治ɫ
Ȼˡ࣬ǰһüֵûˣʶʱΪܣл·ΪˣΪϴˢǣûѡֻܣɱ㣬սһУҶͻȻһᡣ
ʱȻһЦһ£ΪԼɱңɱңڶŹ㣡

ħͻȻҡҡͷżЦΪϴʲôˣɱ㣬ǰһ磡
ˣϷɣͽʦʱ춯˵ˡ
ǰΪҴҴ磬ն죬ڵ࣬ҵϣңһҪÿԪ񵶣ʥ

Ҷ˵꣬һץʱоͳ˵ʥԪ񵶣һĹ񵶡
ɱңʱɫ
Ҫˣ죻ڵδҪ죻ԩ꣬Ҫ죡
ҶȻش߶̫⣬Ҫɱһٵǿߣ̫ףҶΪУȴӵޱȰԵϿԪ񵶣ʱĹԣ뿪Ԫ񵶵ԣںΪһ
ʱֻԣҫ
ֻĲĵҪҪҳ
Ȼ
ͣ
һ˳Ѫֳÿ˵飡


1247 
Ѫ䣬ǿգ
ϧĿ־ģǰ

춯ǳħ𣬻·ٶ֣Ĭؿͷ룬Ԫ񵶣ն׶
һ
Ⱦɽһһŵ䣬ǵڵûʸȥնɱǣƫƫַʽȥ
˵ˣ
춯ţϵϣ˸ƣǣȴһҲü¶ͻЦݡ
ƺ˱˿Ĵڣ
Ҷ˵ؿ򿪻Ԫ񵶣ʥõĵ·кܴ
һԼն죬ʽ̤֮·
һնڳһҶȡơն춼ܵġ
һҲҶȥĸ
Ӵ˿̿ʼڣǶٵľͷǴ˵еİκǿУҲҪӭѶϣƳѣһﵽĿꡣ
磬Ӧ˰ɣĵնףĵʱ٣˰ɣ
ҶݺһڣԪ񵶣ڰһᣬΧռ䶼𵴣쵶δҲû񵶣һΣѪѪǣָǿٵءħаķâ
նϹȥӭδ
һնͷ­Ҳ򣬳նС
ҶȰѿԪ񵶣˵棬ģתˣڿԳȥˣԺ飬ǰǵν࣬һûɵģҪκСž뷨ҶӦҿԱ֤뷨ոγɣδݳȥҾͿ˲
û˿ƺҶֶΣŵû˻ǣڴһĻУ޷ع
ҶȲǣ߶Сǧһ˲ͻʥɽ֮УǻΪ֮ǰڵ֮С
Щֱͳȥֻʣ춯Ҷ𾴵صǰҲǵڵıӻߣǻҪԸˣӦϣ֮£Ҫһȥ
ĵǸúúһˣ춯ͷ
Ҷ̴߶ӡͳȥ
Ȼƣ̰ؿʬ壬ħɭɭЦɾ࣬ϴҪͻڣﵽˣҲҪﵽڵ۷壡
ָڣҪʮŴ飬ܽʮʹ࡭
Ҷȳ˼һᣬ̴߶Сǧƣʬ壬ֱԾ֮С
һ٣һٵͷȻʮӴ
һɹһһ٣ȫ꣬޵еĴڣͬɴۡۡ໨ŴۡǰĴڡ
޷ɾɾںʵǿĪ⣬ˣģɣһһ룡
ռ䣬Ҷȵħͷͬʱ߶һһһңʼ
ಣ
ʬѪ⡢ʼΪѪˮֱӱҶģƶڱҶȣڵ뾳磬һٸֱֵҪըƵƣѾԽڣﵽһٵ״̬
ħںɴﵽڵΪһʵﵽڣһǿߵʵֱӴﵽ۷壬ֱһ١
ԽߣԽͻƣҪԽˡ
ҶȲڣһٵȻֻһ룬һ룬ȴҶѾĲͬϢ𣬴޽壬ɹ֮âϱ䣬̫⣬޼˻ףߣԴԼߵϢ
ߵžͻƣϵرأӴոֳǿߵͨ
ҶΪ̫ʵĸͨȻ仯󣬸ɱ䣬ԿϢ̫һ֮Уһ֣ɫ
꣡
죬ڣΪʬ࣬Ȼ飬УһĽ𵤡
Ľ𵤣ҪαװûãǿߣӵĻӵнɱΣҲҶץס𵤣Ž𵤣ŵ֤Ԫ񣬼Ҷͨ˵Ѿܲߡ
ϴ󣬰õԴǾϼԴǳ֮࣬׼ͻڣħһʱ޷ѹʮˡ
࣬ôǰƵļڿܣǾһһˣ˸㣡ҶȺģѵʱץŷһͬڸָ֣˳ˡ
ץסܣ̰طԱһԿռ䡣
Ҷץסڿܣ̳֮ϣôϴߵԸֵںϣɱ䡢򣬴ͻڣʱˡ
һͻƣҶҪ࣬ڸֵˡ
պʮŴʱʹá
ҶȰĴ䣬ӡȻ̳֮ϣչ򣬴߶¯ȻءӡϢ̫޼˻׵ͷų
ٷӡôҶһͱϸͬʱ޼ɵͷųҶȸо壬ԽԽӯ
Լ꣡
һ̫һʼתУԲΪ˶ʧӭһľϢ
ȫȻ˳ײʱҶȶʱϣޱʹɫ
ž
ͻأ䣬ȫ£ʼһκҵ飬ͷţڵ⣬Ӽ⵽ȫ飬ûǿҵƽϢֻһ˿˿ȼսԶرҶ鿪ʼȼա
һ飬ȻҶʹֳ࣬࣬ԣȫˣΪаȻѪˮʮٵϢرȫ
֮ʣʮٵѸٵ飡
ܿ죬һ飬ѸΪһ߸ڶ֮ضһ
ž
ͬȫ飬֮ÿһ䣬ϸѪƤͷ֮𣬴֮֮ʼͷҶ
ʮٵֻҪ죬Ҷȵڶͻָµ
ڵڣȻûжľΣգʮŴ飬һαһҪʱȻҲԤϵΣգ̫޷飬ôͻ᳹׵飬ֻʣԪ
ʮŴ飬һαһʱ䳤һαһξ춯أʿҸطĵͻƣһ㶼Ҫʱ䡢ǧʱɣϻָӦڣҪʱ䡣
ھУҶȲõʱ䡣
ûо䣬ͻڵʱ䣬Ҳʱ䣬ΪĻָʢıȳ˿ٰٱֹ
Ҷ̳Ϸ֮Ув¯ȼգṩԴõģƾȥ顣
֮ʱ޾ͲҶȴһУȥպɫâ֮УѰ纺ȥˡ


1248 ˣ
ʮŴ飬Ҷһδε顢飬޾óΪҶı֤
һҶȴڽ飬סʮŴ飬۳ܵĥʹ࣬Զɵȵġ
Ҷ֮ʣԪ뵶춯ʱ֪ͨݣ𽥿Ƶһͳ򣬶뵶ڣȴɳʹߣٻ࣬ϧǲ֪
ʣҶ춯ƿ֮У뵶ڣҲ˵ֻ̣ҶȺоŵʮ򣬵£һ򣬻ԷڣٻҪʵ£ͷС
ΪˣҶȴ߶ʮ٣ȫʮŴڿҪħҶȸһǿûκ⣬ħ˳ڣ̤ڡ
Ҫ׼٣Ȼڵ٣һ޴ѹأһ̤٣ʹҪ˵һУĨɱΪĻ
оܲƣȫһ״̬Ʋѹƣֻнڣֲƣʧ
ȥҶȻۣ̫޼˻Χһĸоʱʱ̶̿еƣһ˶ѹ
ڣڽڣҶȸоǿޱȣڣڣڽڣʵѾԽڣﵽڣκڸֻֽ֣ҪǶٵľͷ
ֻ۷ǿߣһЩѣ
ˣħڣôʵȻȶٸ֣һپͷ಻նõڶѿԪ񵶣ڽڣӵеʵҲڡ
Ҷ̤ڣʵҲﵽڡ
ˣһ֣ѾԿκڸ֣һٸ֣ҲԿ⣬Ҫնɱһٸ֣ЩѶȣԶٸ֣ȫˣڼɵ
ֻ֣Ҷն죬໹ֻܿڣֻгħ𣬲ֵཻ
ʱȻȣҲҪúýͷβȫҪһ顭
һ뵽նڽ֣֮Ҷȱ޷ģʼ̫ʼУûʵնվǰҲ޿κΡ
ͨҶȻµڿܣͳͳգǿո̤ڣʹﵽ۷壬֮󣬵ĵȷȷڽӽ״̬
ȥ
һԹâҶࡢħŷߣпռ䣬춯Ѿڰȴˡ
춯һۼҶƣ;ط֣˾ȻڲʮѣȻͻͽ˲٣̫š
Ϊ໹ǿ󣬶ɹڶٵĶǿߣȻҶδϢ£˵ı仯ơ
γǣڵ֮УҶȿ춯ǰЩʱȻŷϵݣص뵶ڣڸ߲㱨˳ǱУȥ룬ǰʱдСȻǵһᣬѰҰ֡ǣø
ļƻѾиɻռƣû֪ı仯Ҳû֪ݣҪⷽ棬ϷһЩϹŶоǣŵʮһЩ䣬ȡУǾһԸ춯ΪϹŶ۹Ҳ쳣ԶѺܶ飬ñκ˶Զ
ˣİԵڴе־Ȼûʧһֱбնλձߣ֮꣬ȻᱬĿĵڹâ
ҶȶͬҶֵһɱҪԸŵʮ䣬һȻӽ뿪ʼΪﵽ٣ǰľŵʮ䣬ʵﵽεȵĵزǰǱжٲࣿ
ŵʮ䣬Ϊһ֮䣬ûٵĴڣһ٣ҲǾ޴ģһٸ֣ϷǶٸ֣״̬£࣬ҵĶ֣ͬڶ֮УϷʵжΣ٣ҲҪմҶٵʱ䣬һأŵʮУֻһˣﵽٵĸ߷壬٣Ϊƽ١ʮٸֶɽ٣һ̤ҵֻһԽ٣ﵽ񣡡
һ̤ڶ٣ͻʮε٣ܶǿߣͬϷ򣬶ûս٣ԻѡѹһԪֹٽ٣ٵĿֲپͷ٣ɽܶɹٵˣҲָĵڣֻЩ棬ٸ֣ڵûа񡭡Ͳö֪Ͼĵھͷʿˣ
춯̾ڶٵܣУϵӿ֣ҲҶƸ˽⵶йؼ
Ըһٸ֣Щ棬ǰǵǿѹ䣬һЩͷǰǱȸְ㣬ŻᱻѹôӦöԵڵ˽ǣ
˰죬һҶƶ˼Ҷ뵽һܹؼ⣬סһԭ
ǾǵڵʲôʲôΪŵʮ򣬻еǿߡ
ΪõϿɡ

춯΢΢һʱĬ˰죬ƺ˲䣬۽ƣЩ
֮ҶƣҲδȥ춯þ̾ϢΪƾҵʮ֮꣬Уһžĺ֮㣬ǵ֮Уָļܿδ꿡ܣʮ꣬ӵΪϷʱҲʮǰΪﵽڣʵ򿰱ԲǴʱʵ࣬ʮȥΪӦôﵽһ֮䣬Ҳпܡﵽ٣
ƾҶǼס򵥶֡
ٺ٣ŰϴʲôħмһЦ춯ģЦЦ֪ţվǰ
춯ڴ˱أ꣬ƾΪ͵ϮҲϷˣ˵ˣǵȻﵽٵҶǶٴڣһ͵ϮϷҲУһ룬ǲǵڸ֣ǵڵĶٸ֣Ϸʶ㲻ϤҲй˽⣡
ҶһףǻƾòڵڵȡڴȨ
ˣ
ͻȻµڵУһ֮
˶⣬Ҷϻһץһ֮𣺡ʹߺǰ
𣿡ҶЩİϾδļ䡣
춯뵶ڵ³ϣΪﵽһ٣ô꣬Ӧòܽ٣Ǹ֣
һٸ֣Ȼ뵶ڣѹƾŵʮ򣬲ǴģҶȺȻ춯ʱɳһͷʹߣһǻƾָɶȻˣҾȥǰ鷳㽫ӵжԵһм䣬ƳɷԵڴ˽⣬Ÿݣ
򵥣
춯һӡһƬ̼ɡ
ҶںϷ֮ħ뿪֮أħŷߣŷҲ뵶ڵĳϣպÿǺ˵ϻ


1249 
Żƹڣ
һŵʥ۵ѮߣվڵУҰصȴţĸĸ߰Σʱһһӡ
û򣬵Щ΢ı仯ûб仯һߵĺܽΡ
ҡҡͷĿʮָӡ
ϣôпУҵм꣬ϴλӣӦúæµǣ
ӰӱϷҶ࣬ħŷϣҶȲ̬ݣȻûһ˿⣬һװ࣬װݴȻ
ڳħµǺȭʩѼ档
ŷϵܣҿǵ˺óʱ䣬㶼ȥƺлûȫ˵Ҳóħµó˼
ħҲһɫ۽ǣϷƺһУָϷġࡱ
λ
ҶȻһ֣Գһ֮ħ£Ҷȵʵϵ⣬˵
ʱȭʩ񣺡´ǰãڳϻ飬ɳŷϵܳץն죬նɹץסʥ￪ԪҲȫ֣Ҹʱ䣬նʥһͬͻصڣ뵶ļ̳ʥʽع鵶ڣ
£ЩѶȣں˵꣬ҶȾ԰ֱ̬ӷ
һΪ⣺Ŷ
Ҷֱ˵òˮ·һ㣺ץն죬ȻŷϹͣǽ뽭Ҳһʮ飬˵ʱѹն죬ٽڣһ룬ΪȻȨն콻ʥŸովмʽչأʥҪڱһʱ䣬뿪Ƕ첻ҲΥҵڹϵĹأ
ȻǹأҲҪվƣذ죬ȰʥͻصڣɵλʽȻٽҲɣǸ˾Ͼҵ취ԸҶȡ
ʽѾУʥݲ뿪鷳ϣȥ˵һʱ䣬ʥͻصڣû£ͻȥɣҶϻӻֱ֣Ӹ
⡭
ȻĿģǴնʥĿģһûﵽôġ
ħ׼ʱ߳ԺϣҿһȻȥãһȥϸһȥ
̴ŷϵܣ¿ģǴʥն죬ȥνҲ֪֮󣬾ʽλգ
Һȥ֪ǷҪмʽҪңҹ񡭡ħһɫ
ǰһˣ
ֻһʹߣ˼ǰ飬ܴõģһΣҶȱȭ֮ħ뿪
ٺ٣ϴŰɣȥڲһ⣬ʲô뿪ǳħȴӰռ䣬Ʈ
ҪСģռƻһжͷϣôǸƾ޷Ϊ㣬Ϊ㣬ҲֻһЩѰͷܣҵƾҵԻƾҪúã
ҶȻһ֪ħ
ʱֻҶһˣȻ䣬һֳ춯
Ҷʩǰƾϵʽѷ죬Ҳüӿ첽֮£鷳ǰˣ
ﻰϷǵıӻߣϷ֮£ͣҲֲһЩ£춯˵
һᣬҶϴſϰĺһЩ֣Ǳѹʿ뿪˵
Ŀ꣬뵶֮ĵ
ֻУҶȵ˾һƬƽԭ𽥼ϵʯݣһЩһЩЩ򶼱Ƚϴ󣬿һĳǳأӸ߿ոȥƵĵҪ֮һ
ҶǸ뷢һٷȻͷ߸Ӧ֪Ƶĵڣжĵ̡
һӦҶȾʹһ
ڣȵܶ࣬Ҹֱ֣Ҳһǧˣڴﵽһǧˣˣڶʮ֮࣬ϢȻ
һ΢΢ϤĽϢ
һһϢһˣȻ뽭ͬΪﵽٸ֣ȻӵеҪǿ̫ࡣ
ǿߣھɽţΪټͳͳ޽֮أһڼϵ򣬾ͽһǿߣôǧ֮ࣿ
ڣȻɽĴȥ޽֮أҲһȵģ۳ƹڵġšҲ޷⵶ڵ
ʵѾеĴ칬ϹͥΪɽǿӵеȻڵ֮ϣһǿ࡭
һڣҶȾ͸о̫ɽϻġ
ΪɵԪ֮УǿϹͥ칬Ǹǿ𣿿նһͳڣܾʹʸʵȥްԿ⡣
δ·ܳԶ
ҶƯڵϿգ죬վøߣøԶȻĸ࣬дޡ
֣Ŀ漰ʱ
һӰֶżӰ
ӰҶǰ״ͣǵڵ룬߸żߣԲǿߡ
һˣȥ޽֮أһߡ
֣Ȳ߶ţҶȱȭЦһ
˵
תһһֳͨҶȱȼǰһһں󷽡
ͨͷһܵĹ
빬û๬ݻһֹȻϢӭ룬࣬һҰģиӾ˵ľͷ
ϷֱӾ⣬Ҷȣ֣ǰã뵶ɳȥϢѾ֪أΪնʥ
ҶȿЦֹȻõǣ뵶һһӲķۣƥǻƾ⣬նʥҲֵ֪ΪǺ£뽭㣬̫ˣܲŵӣֻܰն֮£֪˺ֵΪ˴£һˣֵܣµڲþͻ㣡
ǣȻֵ㣬Ҫն죬֪һ죬վͬһӪҲȲѣǺ𣬶ҴҲ޷ᱻ֪ں֪ܿͬӪˣ·¶Ӳա
ȻҶüͷһ壬ʧȥһİƣ룬֣˵ƾûеߣֶͨˣ᲻ᱳҳ֣
˵˵
һ̾ȻһͣҿԿ϶һ㣬ϴλ֮ǰҳ֣λ֮󣬳ƿصڴȨͲһˣҳ绹Ҫ飬Ҷҳ֣ЩƵֻжŽ䣬γɷƾ֮ǰǻм䣬Ƿ׷ɱնЩˣǵǿԵһȥǣϵǣ
ֵ˵Ʊ˵ǡҶһԡ
ʵҪˣܼ򵥡Ϳֵң᲻ˣȻ䣬ֳϵĿƺѾа취
ϺꡭͿˣʲô
ҶȰһˣҲ룬̫ѶԸˣҶȵֵ֪ʲôð취ǣƻƾ뵶վסŵģ


1250 Ķ
νǿǿ֣һɽһɽߡ
˸Ŀ⣬Դķʽش֮ǰֵܣסʥһ̣Ƿǣһ죬һͳڣǳΪ֮µĵһˣ
ɲ˵
Ҷһжʱը˿û뵽룬ȻҲ뷨һø룬ȻҰģ֮Ұģ֮һΪȨ
Ǻǣֵܲ˵
ȻЦֹͣŵͳص֣ƿһûʱ䣬ȥסʥƾǿƣ㲻δûȡʲôʩΪ˲ӰλһȨ㻹кӹŶˣһӪȻҲкӹֵܣһģһģƾ
Ȼְѻ˵زҲͳˣֻǽ֣㵱һ𣬻ΪͬĿģҶȷһ䡣

ǴЦһԣһģһҶҪΪˮ֮ʳ
ҶҲָɭɭƣҪȨǾǵȰѵǰǿУƵ˵֣˵İ취
ʱʩչһӡ˵һռڣ޼ɵؿʼվⲽŵʮ䣬ĸڵ֮ʱûᣬϵڴλһͳڣƣʧȥ䣬ʥҲѹһ˸òô꣬ûһ˿ʵԸڲͬնˣʥˣҲǻƾУնʥֻҪóȥ乲ӦκҪȻܳΪʶԸƾǲܿдֻһԸƾɲϾȡƾҪƵƾҲһտɵģһĲģ˭Ȧס˭ߵЦ󣡡
ҶȾţӦһ䡣
ҪȦסЩ䣬Щͷǵ̰ǾҪóն죬óʥɴҹͬܣǼһͬƿһͬ۹ãԸƾƾʵǿ̫֣࣬ܶĶ֣Ǹ֣ǻƾֻ·һ
˵Щ䣬Ǻð취и෨ûУһƲУӦ
ʵǻһ취
Ҷɻ۹⣬ЦЦǾն죬ݣпΪؼҲͬӵʥնʥϣʵѾˣõĵ̣ǿն죬̽Ȼβǲ޷˵
ն죿
Ҷüͷһ壬УȴκˣͷնȻҪһδεãΪЩͷеӡ
һᣬҶʵնʥһȫԳΪֻն죬Ҫã
ʳ仰ҶѾ֪룬϶ͼն죬Ըƾܵ˵ڷ˼ˣ룬Զն졣
ǱģǱģ
ҶȰ̾Ϣն졢ƾʼжһ죬ʵˣӭսÿˣԼҪܵĥѡ
ʱóһʤȯգĵЦݣҶȵնȷ㣬Զ䣬ն죬ݣǿø˵ڣ˶ԸԼʥΪɣƳΪֻǡǰ£
öļƲ߰
ɵãҶɭɭһ룬ΪĿģֶΣˣҪôɹǾͷҪôʧܣΪĴ˵
ҵǣһмƻǱƿأҲģҶȣҶ֪һУ͵վڽ뱳һҵᣬ԰һ¶
նֻδɵĻͷСʲô治֪Ϊܻڵģ
ڽϣ֮Уն֮ԱǣɼУж࿴ն죬Ҳ֪նУֻüֵ
ûʣֵƬ̻ɱն졣
۾գ£
ʱ˿̣Ҷ࣬Ѿ岻ϻȫǽһ˵Ի޷񶨵ʵ֧ն죬ǰ֧֣һһֱ仯ҲǳϹϵˣնܶѣȻһжȻʧܣǹŷƳվﰵȻԸƾҪȫܣɹѻƾ̨Ǳն챻ɱƾɹҲ˻ƾʵҪԸǣӲף
ҶͻȻһ¶ϲЦݣܰƶն죬һƵƾǵڴȨնУʵȴУ
յļƻǰзնܣƵƾɹˣȨʧˣնȥΪ¹ֳĿ⡣
ƣһƣƣ֣ǾͰռƻ£ֻĿǰǺܷ㣬֪ƾһʱʱ̶̿ҵʥϾҵʥնҪҪҪǾжһ¶Ϣʱƾ²ɵֱӶҳ֣һҪԪ񵶣ұóݣһݣҵĵߣҶȴһԱɫԽ˵
͵һЦֵ̫ͶûʥȫóԣǼƻȥǣͷ
ȥն죬ȷʲô˼ҶȺȻһҪ
򵥣˴ȥǣ˳㰴ռƻ˵תһһˣӹ֮õ⣬ϹӭҶȣҶȽһ֮ͨС
Ҷ߲ϽͨǰһĿռ䡣
ȻǴϢĿǰǲκΣգƿأζҪܡ밡룬Ǹ
ߣҶȻһԣУŭա
ն֮
˹Ҷ˵ǰһ̵Ŀռ䣬ҶϽռ䣬ͼķӡ֮УնУ޷һ¡
ƺҲע⵽Ҷȵն컺˫ۡ
תȥ󷨹ҶϹˣҪҵһİ
ģǵģͱˣնҲŭȫһԹ޵ơ
磬˵Ϣһѱ壬ÿԪ񵶣ŵˣնʾڣڶ춯ǰѾȳڰпƵ򣬵ǵѾһͳҶԪ
ն켫ΪشһοúãһжڰռƻУֵܣһ뽭ʲôƻʲôϢɣ
Ҷϰѽļƻͷβһһն졣
նʱȻŭԪ֮ɱø룬˴ļıԸҡֵܣӲ濴ƻǸУ
ţȷһȫļƻҶȵͷ
ֵܣȻƻǺβ˳ˮۣýЩߵǶԸƾͻȻն켫ЦЦ˵ĶԲߣҶȲò
ҶȽкõ취ζԸû뵽ô뵽ˣǾ˳ƽƣƱ棬类ãʵǷǣǾͲȥðȥ˵Щŵʮ䣬ֱɽȥ˵ǣʡǴ󣡡
ֻ̫Сңն¶Цݡ


1251 ֮ƾ
ǶСˣ
ռڣҶնԪĬĬţȥڣ·һ޴ĺ󣬶ǾǺеĹ¶Сۡ
ҶȼһˣһСδ뵽һǵĲͬ㣬еڵ־һˣڷȴûзڣһˣʼһˣȴûںڰУǹģԼŬһȡڣõڵϿɣҡβǰصڣûУһͬΪĿģԲֶΣʧȥһУеߣǵĲͬ
һԷθԶУۻĻն쳤޷Զֵ˵̫ã˵Уһǰδҡδ˵¹ͷ­ΪңжΪңǵڵļ̳ˣҪҵĸףȱԸսҲԸ
ҶϣֳԵЦݣ磬Σ㶼޾壬ǶصڣվһѪ֮ս֮ǰǵò磬ѴУѿԪ񵶣һںϣܵ۷ˣӵС䣬һ̤ڵ۷壬ǽڵΪսٸ֣һĻһ룬Ѫڣ
Ҳڴ뵶ڵϹŶǣս龰ֵܣȥɣõĴ磬뻹ҪңֻҪûﵽĿ꣬ұǰȫģǰҵʣֵȫեȡ⣡
ĩˣն֪ҶȽʱ̫ƱػǣҶݱ
Ҷȸһأͷƣһ߳ռ䣬뿪ǿ̼նȻ
ƺڶϻ£ݸĳԺֻն˸ߴıӰνӢۣǲηνӢۣǶѡصֱصѹ޷
룡
߳ռ䣬Խָɵͣ㹧ӭ⣬Ҷ뿪ͨһƬ֮С
ԼʮҶȾٴվڹһ࣬ڣƺһеס
Ҷ࣬ŭغߵ޴СȰ棬֣㻹Գ˱ץһֱǺң˵ʲôȥʵڲУͽҲһ鷳ɱˣǵƾøлң
ȻһأʮģȰһϵĪ޴СעģҴֵŬͰ׷ˣǵļƻؼҪն죬ǶԸƾȡڴȨĹߣҵʱΪƿߣһ룬ŵʮ򣬻жٵĵͳͳƿأ
ˣֵܵøϻȥӦƾٴҪʥһκνչͷ棡Ҷȭֳߵĸһ𣬱ԭʧˡ
ھͷ˲֮ʵֻ֮αװٶȰˡ
ͱֱӦҶϢŸһĮȻô꣬ŵʮĸһͳڣȴûʵƾǣҲֶʵؼҿˣΪҵӣЩ䣬룡
ÿһͷŲͬ˼
˿̣Ҷ뿪ڣϰĺһﵶ֣ڻع鵶;У˷ն죬̫һǽϹŶһΪ࣬ͷӲȨջ
Ĵն졣
ʶһն죬ֵأӵƿصڵģţն塢Ѫ֮ģֲʧֶεĻôն콫Ϊ䣬Ϊһľܡ
һܣҪҲҪиּıֶΣܳɾʹʵֻնкƵ֮˳ᢵȴһͬưĲֶεҰġ
˹ҰģȴʧȥˡµĵߣԶҲ߲
ڶϻµħ𣬳ħĵл澳߳ϣ
ϧû
ãã޷̫ˣ̫޷Ԥƿ֮£ңֵģУŲʧȥңջﵽб˰
˼֮䣬Ѿع鵽ҶһʱһȻдʧ·ɳһЩƺĿ⣬øӵС
ˣ
δ뵶ʥɽ춯ӵ΢΢
ǰдջ񣡡
ҶЩȲҪȡڣҪ춯־ͷҪûǣܶȫ˸ɢȥ߶˲ʥɽ֮ա
һвٸڰصĹŻƹ֮С
ڸո£춯Ӻ󷽣ֶ
дջ񣿡춯ȣǿҹڴ
û£ǰģΪҪ
Ҷȱ˵춯£ԼʱŰѽһƻȫȫ߸춯
춯̳꣬һƺҲ벻ˣȻ˴ļƻŭ˲䱬ҺҶͰѹڵ󷨣һһı䣬Щػ֣óˡ
춯Ҳ޷סŭһӢΪѪû뵽ˣȴ壬׳İǣλΣѪƾСеҲˣֵڵĺģȻĻ
ҶһԾţȻ侲ԣǰѾˣ㲻¶꣬Щˣ֪췭ظ
ȷˣЩڵĺģòҪƤҪѪǣڣ̤־ôȨΪ֮λΪ˵ڵĴȨȻҲżᣬ൶ʿǰλģ
ʦ棬Լʦֶǰ㶯֣룬ʲôҴʲô˶жĥɱ¿Ц˵ڣҪıӻվϧǶȡԪʱЩȴײνأ֣뵶ڶⲻ֪ػĵڣʵˣĵڣֻһǣû꣡
ˣñЩϹŶӳԶһ޵ݣĩˣǸһЩ£һȰ˵Щ뿪ڣִϹŶһĵڣҺģϹŶеϹŶ޷ıģ
𣿡
ҶһʱĻŭţزסЦݣ˵ǰ˵ϹŶǶصڣ嶤£
ϷϿʼͷٷЩϹŶҪЩʱ䣬¼ãϷҲҪ뿪һʱ䣡춯˵
ڵһͳǰɷȥ£ҶһЦޱ𾴡
˵꣬춯ˣ׼һᣬȻʹǱȥҶĿϹŶȥӰнԶ
ڲҪ£һЩˡţ
˼еҶȣ춯һȻ䣬ҪתͻȻԶԵĸӦƺʲôϢͻȻ˲֮ϵش
һǿߣǾǿߣ
Ϣ΢Ϣˣһٵ࣬ɽϢǳأٱ춯ǰǽ룬ȻǼأԪҲһŨҡ˺ѰϢˡϢȻʮֵ΢Ҷ𺳣Ӧǿߣֲͷ
࣬Ҷȣ
֣ͻȻ߶ţ£
ţһİֱӴ͸ȻҶȵλãҶȣҶϢ
ѵǡƾҶȶʱٴУ·ֹͣˡ


1252 
û뵽ˣȻǵڵҲն졢ǿУҲصĵˡ
ͻأҶȶû׼
ҶҲ֪һֹأŵʮ䣬ᶨȥҶΪҪȵƾƾ档
һ̣δ̫ˣ
Ϊնʥ֮£żʽѵ֮Ȱһȥû뵽𽵹Խ٣
Ҷָݣƣ΢΢ع벻ʧİӦһԺתøƾʱ򣬱ȻΪʥΪʥһЩ̫ЩҲʱҺǰȥһһƾ֣Ǿ¶ţ
֣
һһȨƳ۵ˣӵֱӴʥɽҶǰֳһ˵׳ӡ
ԭǷֲöɽϢ΢ǰԤϣƾΪǶٸ֣ǲ֪һǶ٣ҿƾпܣѾﵽ֮ڣ˴ﵽΪ
ƾӰ𽥳ΣԭһҶûбȭʩ񣬶΢΢ʾ⡣
ҶϸϸһۣϧƾǱ𣬸͸ʲôΪ۶ɣı䡣
ƾֶδſھἰնʥһķʮָдصЩһֱæŶԸЩֵ⵶ƺϣԸ춯ĳ
Щ꣬һֱվһߣԿЩз䡭
ԻƾҶҲһֵģȻһ䣺֪ǰΪ£
ƾ΢΢һЦȥգ᲻٣ӵеƣȴ䲻٣ƾҲûʲô£ֻյѣæųﱸλʱϻᵽҵڴϲ֮գܶ꣬ûô˹Щѣ
ôϵǰһģ֪йӲۡ
˲䣬ҶԺ뷨Ҷϴһݸӿǵץն죬õʥڵмʽǰֻּʽֻڵڲܹУ²δԼ䣬ȼʽȥ»ʥ﹧ӭصڣն죬򽭵£ն۹ȥ
ƾЩ£ŷϻȥѻ㱨ú̫࣬ʥֻһʽֻǺ֪棬û䣬ΪʱλҲҪмʽ㴦ĺܺã
²òΪλǣ𣡡Ҷʩ񣬻ƾ빬֮ڡ
ˣȥһһ䣬֣ݱ𣡡ƾһЦȫһʧȥ
ת˲ӰϢ
˵ȷ֮ˣ֪뽭⣬ǹŴʥͥ⣬ȴ˿ŭһνһеļƣǶʩ֮ʥｻһ־һΡ
ҶһֱüͷƾѶԸļƣࡢԶԸȫûп⡣
̫ɲ⣬޷׿Ҳ̫ңԶλ΢вԣᱻߡ
硢Ʒֿ£Ըһ͵ŽĶ£ϹŶǰɹôƵƾڳɹһ룡
ҶȻصڣϢһ󣬱ټ飬ǿߣһ˲ҵҶҶǱϹϾΪΪҶеĿܣ˭ҪҲǱѰ·
гۣҶƿ֮УԴƸҲƿ֮УЩýնȥ
ҶȱռУūɳҶкܴջ񣬴ںɾ󣬵ūӵаʶȫָΪһĮֻɱ¾аꡣ
ҵūѹɾںȴ뱻ռʶūֹںϣԵūѾﵽڣٶȣʵھˡ
˱仯ҲǳˣǾӡӵиӡǵʱʱ̿һҲﵽڣ䣬·ǳɳҪҡ澡سɳǵУͬˣֻҪǱڵӡɡ
Ҷ֮ǰ纺ദ˺һᣬΪҶҪαװֻ࣬ھڣ纺飬Ҷȶ޵˽⣬СһǶ纺ӵе⺣Ȥ
ҶȾͿʼдǧͼںϾ䣬󷨱ҪķȻǧͼȲڤ̷ƽ飬Ǵǧͼδȴ޷ԤϵģҲҶںķ
ٺãʼ޵Ѿﵽܸߵĵزȥߡ
ǧͼͬȻҲ˵ķδֻһ룬ʣµһ룬ҪҶȥɣҶУȾ䶼Ҫһ֡
ǧͼδǾѾﵽ۷壬ı䲻ˣ
пܡ
һ뷨һһֱӵе뷨ŵõǧͼΣҶͷų续Ĵǧͼǹ⣬꣬һЦпܣôǧͼΪҵı
ԲȴںϣԴﵽĵز
Ǭ޼Ǳ
һЩǿߣӵбġ
Ҷһֱ⣬ӵб֮ǰ䡢ʮ٣ˮ
ܽʮٻˮƳΪһӵ棬޷ǿԼ޼᲻ݵĹ
ǣǿʢ棬ȥ棬Ի滭ʱգ
ңǧͼȻûйȴ޴ʱգﶼȥõĴͨĴǧռ䣬һΪǧͼڲռ䣬Ӽ̣Խ󣬿װһ綼пܡ
һ죬ǧͼΪһȼǲ棡
һΪķ㲻ǹǿǿǿķ
磬СǧܳΪıСǧң˲δСǧΪı˵ǵȵʺҵˣܳ׷ҵʱǧͼʧˣΪ˹ͷСǧƺһЩȻֺġ
Ǻǣ
ҶЦҲ֪Լǲ˵ʵˣΪҪѴǧͼΪǲ򵥡
ҲҪﵽΪǧͼҲǰˡǰҪͬʱΪǿ̣ںΪһлƳΪ
ˡ
Сǧɰ΢ЦʱͻȻҶȵԪӿһҶüôһ֣
磬֣СǧͻȻָͷ
Сһʱʱ̿ڸڣԪ񣬿ںˣ
ҶһȻϸӦȻϢһصʮ䣬Ǿͷ
ˣҪȥˣ
վָģıƣСǧͷСǧһͲӰҶҲ߶䣬֪˭


1253 ԫ뵶
֮⣡
ߣﳤգʱ޵ӿ·Ҫߵƿߡ
ǣˣ
ʧǵĲԷԭߡ
λߣǵƾ֣֮ȥ½ץնʮ֮һ
ԫ
밵бնձߣսغϣ޽ָһץܰѷ˲仯Ϊԭòľǿߡ
ԫ˿ǰããĿУ뵶ںϣŵʮȻͬΪڵľ޴˴֮䣬ȴ
ԱߣͬһλߣֻѮ䣬ԵʮоЩС˫ȴߵúܡ
ΪʥҲ࣬ߵĺܽĸϴΣȥץʧܣھŵʮ򣬱˿ЦڴʱฺץһٳɹڿǺˣŻ˼ʽ
֣ɲҪΪʥʥʥֻʸʹãʶʥµЩˣԫԱߣһա¶һεЦݡ
·գڲͬ
մһ˿񣬺ЦһƾǻδеλûʽλʥھûˣȻûеڣʲôҲûˣڵǸʱֻһûʸ֣ʥҲһΪûʸⱲӣҵսĸ̸ֲ֣ĵΨһźû뿪Ԫ񵶽֣
ԫԵúͷۣȻ뵶գ򣺡ԵȻƾΪ֣
ƾˣΪҲмм֣
һ䳰ƺƾ˿ҲϿɣϧҲǾŵʮ䣬һͬΪ֮
Һ㲻еһӣԫĪһЦ
ʲô˼˵㣬˵Ĩǵģȫԫһ˼׷ʣԫǲһ䡣
Ȼԫ
һ˫۾Ѿʥɽ֮ձǴӾռҶȣʮλĸ֣Ҳмڸ֣ԫһۣסˣͬʱлһ𺳣ָһץɽӣһǿеǿߡ
Һô粻ڣԫһᶯɱԫɱձߣնһ׵ˣҶһ֣Ϸɹȥ
ҶֿԱߵĵգͨ춯УǿߵϣϳˣֻûоϣʵԱһڸ֣˽ԫԱǸ𣿡
һħħĿˣ
ԱһǿߣȻ֪Ҷȵʵݣʲô࣬ȻԴǰ㣬شһȵɿǵڣһԵǿߣȻľǿߣѵھŵʮ򣬻һЩϹŶսһȡʤˣʵ㡭Ҫǿ٣
Ȼ˼Ǳ࣬ǿܶ࣡
Ǹ˼ˣˡںʲôȨֻΪҶ˶Եյĵһӡ
ֻǼκҶĸ֣ڵ߿գǰԫ뵶գȭһЦϸ磬ֵܣʧԶӭʧԶӭ
ԫһЦֿ
ü⣿֣õʥشǰΪһʥ緶ǵգҶ뵶ֵǰ˿ֱ˵⡣
򵥣򵥣𣡡
ҶȻ࣬ԫǶǶĹˣ㲻࣬תӭǿߣһͬʥɽȥ
Ƭ֮ʥɽŻƹ֮У
ԫ뵶ͷֱڵǰ࣬ҶȻϷڸִͷ
ϸ磬пˣǰӣϸƺˣϢÿɺãڼ˶ɲ裬ƣҶǿƷ֮󣬱˻⡣

ԫӦӦƺձ߽֣˵̫ࡣ
Ǽӣزס֣ǾͲôϻˣֱӵ㣬ǻƾδΪʽ֮ǰһʥΣ
Ϲذɣϸ磬֪ʥֻʹãԣҶȿЦһΪΡ
һ棬뵶ն֣Ϊһ֣αװҪ¶ţαװģƣǣһٵ޷ûġ
ֻҪһУһУݣͻᱻҴ
ԫ򵶳գ֣ϵܵĻǶԵģʥֻе֮ʹãͷԶ޷ʵˣ
˿ԫȰ裬ҪǿдﵽĿ꣬ҶȣһЦҲмǻƾŹ£ҪϾɱĺֵҽ֣֣Σһʥķɣģˣǲ£߸ƾģ֮ˣһʥķ緶ɣʥֺһɲһܼģ
˹ȻǸͷԡȥûкô취ðܹȥ
ɲǼ䣬ҶҲоͷۣգǳѲ˼רΪʥ￪Ԫ񵶣ʶưոݣңҶȸоգһֻһֱûܰ־ϹŶ£ߣһ
춯ټϵգֱ绢
룬춯Ǳ߲֪׻᲻ɹ⵶գǸ֪˼Ρ
Ҷ룬εĵȻֵʢ⣬£ֻΪѣÿԪ񵶣ͷųһ⣬㣬Ҳֻͷŵȥƽ⣬뿪Ԫ񵶽ֻ֣֪ͷŵ⣬ʩչ⵶ûֱÿԪ㽻֣Υأ
ԫĵռͬϴ㣺ͦãգɲҪٲģǴòˣ
ãţǴӦˡ
ɣ
Ҷһץ֮УӿһȻץֳĿԪ񵶣򵶳գоһŵȱĵΪѵͿƽˣ
ٿ
ҶȲδ߶һȴʮָӣֵӵеĵȻһԪֻ΢΢һһɶѵĵſԪΪһɷĵʼѣÿһ綼һĵڹ
ѵ
ԫһҶȣ֣ŵϸԪǵڵһ洴Ĳȱʧˣû뵽ܵõ
ֻõѣ
һݲҶȰհ֡
ʵЩ뵶ԴߵҶ֮󣬿ʼϰٵö֮յƬڴ㲻ᡣ
ʱ˿̣ߵֳ
֮УƮͬǲͬĵӰǣǵȥ棬ʿµͨҶˣ𽥳Ϊڵʿ
ԫ뵶ϹŶȻ
ʣߵķǷ֮
վͫ˸֮⣺ѵŵһ־Ȼһѣõû뵽ҵգܼʶȱĵҰҰ


1254 Ԫ
һЦֻгĶԵĿϲԫҶǺα飬һ
֣һĵͬĵܿһˮɫĵƣת˲
鵶ˮ
бŷĵȻһԾ𣬲δ߶ǿΪϢֻˮҶʩչĶѵ˲һ
գԵãȻѸӡ˲뵶һ壬һͷţͷųȻӦ֣˵˵ĵ
Ҷƽɨӵգֻİ䣬ûĵ𺳡
Уڴ󲿷˵ǵõλȨ;
ĳЩˣ絶㣬ȵгУУ˵ΪµģҲߵоͷĴڡ
ͻͻͻ
ˮڶѵ֮Уɵǿʢǵ⣬顢նһеƣһˮĳ࣬һ˺ѵ־ˮҪ˺ѣ˺Ҫ˺ˮࡣ
ˣձʮֶ
鵶ˮ˲ͰҶʩչĶѵ־ˮ޷첻룬ʼѵ˺Ѵ
ϵܣʿɶֹ˰ɣһУռƣϵܲδʩչѧľ裬Ҵѵǲȱģʶһɣһԫۺ룬ƺΪȫ֮ϣǡôõס֡
֪һʱҶȣϵܣʵЩˬͳҺúһ
ˡֻдķڷ
Ҷ˲ת½²̨Ϊֻԣӱܣҵջ׷ʹôֻгܽ
һ˼⣬ڵǿ£Ҷ¶һЭĿòԪ񶷷ֻҪУٶ
ã¿ˬӦˡ
У
Ҷ֣µؿ򵶳գȻУȴɣʵȡ裬ǶԪ񡭡񣬻ǰˣҲ£øգ˼ҿҪúʰ㣡
ɣ
ͻȻһ֣ˮˣУһѳɫ񵶣Ʒʻ𿪻Ԫ񵶣̫ࡣ
ٿ
ɫ񵶴ֶǿԪΪƯһʱҪɭɭơ
ҺҶԪΪǿޱȣͨڣڣ˿̶ᱻǿԪǣˣԪ񣬻ᱻ˲ûҷ𣬵Ҷȴ˿ֳɽھͷӵеԪ
䲻⣬ǾԪںϴߵĵգôţԵҲ޵ǰĴڣҶڿռΪÿͷóģ
ֻǺ֮䣬Ҷоһ뷨Ըգսֻܿ쵶ն飬䲻⣬ԡ
ٿ
ϷҶȣȻ˫һ裬пԪ񵶣Ȼƾʧˣʱõͷԡ
䣡
Ԫ񵶣سڵպ󷽣ңһһɿٵصԵذԵûʲôֻصһڵպ󷽡
ǵڵĳǿߣյԪϴ߶ɫ񵶣㵲ں󷽣γһɻĵ
ֻǣһ
ٿٿٿ
Ԫ񵶶ȻֻݣԿ͸ִ֮ͬͻȻ
ռ䵶
ţռԼԦеģľͷרпռ䣬еľͷԼĹںϿռ֮УγԷмܵĿռ乥

һɹԪ־֮ɫںΪһʱһɳɫĵסΧԪڵ֮ϣûʩչκ£ʮǱͷƤ飬һ΢΢
֣ݺᵶڣɼֵĿռ䵶ҵʮֹϵһ棬Ŀռ䵶Խסˣ
Ȼ֣ҶȾҪգģٴδ򽻵ҲüԦˡ
ԣͻȻ֮䣬ҶȵԪ֮Ȼͷųһɺֱײƣͷųԫ뵶գš
ռ飡
ȻݿԪ񵶾ȻҶͷŵԪ񣬻еΧĿռٴڳɫ֮ϡ
һΣգҲֻܷ
ɴһһ𣬵Χռ䶼Ϊʼ˺ѣԪƵĳɫںԪĿռ䵶ֱӸ˺ѣ˺ֱ֮ա
䣡
һɫûб仯ֻϣһŭ𣬶ĳۣѺۡ
ʣֻֻܷܱذڵյУǴδйģκεԷΪҶȵĳռͨԪΪҲֻܸʰ·硣
ԣŭˣ
֣ʿɶֹԫͻȻһȣΪ֪յĻƢǲ䡣
ˣ
Ȼ֣ԪϢʱʧΧ鵶Ҳʧһɿռ䣬ҶԪȻ޴档
ҶȱȭԵʮֿ֣ҿ֪֪ΪֻԪ㽻֣ΪΪϣһأԪպǱǿǿѹպÿ㣬ԣûʤֻһСֶΣ
ֶΣˣҵֲ䲻ûʥԪںһ𣬹ȻиɻҵճۣԫԱ£ûһ˿ϢҲûŭ𣬷̹
ѵõĳ֮ˡϧˣױãңһСãǾ͡
һݿϧҶͷϧôһǿߣ͸ľ棬Ϊһֻǵң֪ʲôУδʲôģôûΪ
һ䣬쵶ӭԻ͡
һƻСˣ쵶
գӦøڴΧΪұۣܵõոȻ绢
дգҶȸоգһħոն죬ǳ೼
֣㣬ԭʶն죬û뵽նڽ֣֮СƬ̣ԫʼ⡣
ն죿
Ҷȹȣ뵽ˣ뽭ֵ˼סˣɱΨһѪ˶ԴŹ£ʵ̫飬ҵڴδȱ
ûԫڣһԵĵգһ𼱻ǵĺߵϵܣ仰ҰƾеϣģûУɱЩˣҲ޼£Ȼ޷Ԧ
Ϊұվػ
ʱһ⣬ܲҶüңͷϧΪֵ˼Ҫסһʥ˵׵㣬ǻƾʽλǴ²ҲʥԼ׽⣡
պȻЦҿ˵㣬ʥռΪУ
ĳЩ˵ҵȷǾΪУǱʵ㣬õύƾ𣿡ҶͻȻһ䡣
յȻᣬǿǸģδʽλ͵Լǵ֮ٻЩϹŶҪȥμӻ飬Ĳ󣬶ж󣬾ͳԶٶ֪̫࣬ĸ
ȻһϹŶǷԻƾģֻЩҲŭԣϾƾֶ
һҶȵоʮ꣬˳֮ˣŭԣôνķͳͳС


1255 Ԫֶ
֣Ǹûȥˣ
һֱĬԵԫʱʱ̶̿һ޷˿뷨ϢԫȻĵռ
ã
ͷվҶȴǱҶ֪ЩͷȥȥҲû뿪ͨͱͷ뿪
ӦǼԻƾģ£Ҳܿɿԫ̫ɲ⣬룬ϹŶĳȣ
ҶȻ̤ϻģеľĺȻ䣬־ŵʮ䣬򵥣һģʵڲѾ룬һ䣬ռһǻƾʽλǡ
ʽλôնȡڸѣҶ֪¸˵ʱ䣬ѾԽԽ١
ȥƣǱΣ룬Ӧò֮󣬱жԫҲӦûȥ֪᲻չ£
ĸƤҶ̾̾
ˣ
ȻҶرյͨһϤٷϢ֮ͨ⣬Ȼڵգ໥Ӧ
ǡ̫ľɾϢϴ߶ԪٷѰңһҪ£
ϻȻɽϷǿеһ֣޽֮أӣֻҪǸִٷһ㶼ɹҶھɽӦҲǿٷϢոϻĸһֱĸӦ֡
ڹɾϣҶȵƷʱֲµıƣٷҲӵҶϢӦס
ಣ
Ҷ߲㣬ʱ뿪뿪ҶһΪȻʩչԪ˲䴩ȥϻա
հʱҶȱ߶ͨһץɽ緽򣬶ʱһٷ
ˣ²ɽһҹ֮䱻С㣬ɽָ߲㣬ɽѣٻ
ӵ̫ľɾͬٷʱɾ
ɽ𣿣
ҶȻȻһ𣬲ĸоȫŵװ壬ȻüͷȻһ裺øԪȻ㲻ŹңӲŹκ˿֮ǰϵᵽɽ磬Ѱңû뵽ǰԪҵɽҹϵ
ûԥ֣ҶȾ֪ɽ˭µɱ֣
ϼ棬Ԫ
ֻоԪܣˣһҹ֮䣬ټɽ
û£ٻӦҲû£ϻȥڽ롢춯ƾгﶼûд󶯾ҿڰݹ۵ơ
룬ҶͷųһԼϢϢһΪ࣬빬֮УȻҶϴ߶ǧͼֱָɽ硣
Լκ
Ƭ֮䣬ϻĵĻļûˣӭްȻϢһȻƽеɳأڴ̴֮ϡ

һǿֳ֮Ҷȴ߳˿ǰɽ磬ʱͷŸӦüͷһչľС㲻ɽ磬һȴ
ûв׺ɣҶȲǰɵۣǳۣڳۣѾﵽڣƬ̸Ӧܸɽ磬ֻҪһУԻɽ硣
ɽһУӲķۡ
ɽ磬һ۷ϢľС㣬ɳʱѾ۷壬ڡѾﵽΪɳصַһݹϵϢɽɳز̺ͬܶ󷨣ľСڿռ裬Ҳи߶ȣ
һɨɽȻģȻ߶Ϣ˲֣ɽ֮еʥɳǡ
ʥɳǣҶƯϷǵһμһƬԭɭ֣һƬķ
ಣ
ʱһɹϤϢʥɳڲеĻʹɳҶҶԶҶҶĪȻࡢ̫ľĪȻȵϤӰʱա
ף壡
Ҷһ˸ոշʱƾճǰڣ𳤱
ҶԶصҶϵϢȶͺãһɽңԭ̫λĲǿߣҲһһɽ磬ܶߣո̤ɽ磬㱻ץūѾˣ
߳ƺδɽʹУҶȣһɽ磬ץյˣһץһйļ壬һһ
ǲǡ칬Ǿϼɱ֣Ҷȿ֪꣬ΰοʵһˣҲ̫ҶȾѰʵ
ɱΧ˶òӦ칬ɱˣҲܴ칬ۣĴҡԿ϶ӦǾϼ壬ɽɽ硢ɽ硢ɽĸͳͳ𣬽ӣδ飬Լֵĳ⣬ġһͳͳں֣֮Ǿϼ֣֮
ѪֶΣһΪ꼰أ꣬㣬䣬еʧɽδûʧȥֻʧȥڶѣȽƵ칬ٴɽɣ
ҶȰο
ԶԣʱʧȥԶ˿ʼȰ
ֵ֪úܼǿɼУɽѾǵǸС㡣
ҶŷģҺ£һɨˣҶȾϲط֣ڳÿѾ̤ɵۣ̤ɽ磬һʱѣɣﵽɵ۾磬ÿһˣпκγһţΪ״ĵӵ
ɾɹ֮ԭΪΪѾҪͻڣҶϲǣҶѾ̤볬ۣΪڣĪȻʣһͨߣһǷߣҲѾ̤볬ۣˣۡ
ֻû³롢塢ʥĵˣ
һδ飬⼸ǧʱÿ˵ľܶ޷ݣҲһΪ֮졣
ǣҶȵѹҶеһУҪΪҶȷֵڲǿ
ҶˣصʥɳǵĻʹ
ǰʥĳԱڹҶȡ
ʥҲиԱ룬Ҷ˽һ֮󣬰㣺Ȼξת鶦ΪϷϴǧ꣬ÿˣΪۣǵΪӿֲڴ֮ǰȥһһɽ磬ԪϲģڸʲôȻԵĻٴΰһ
ҶȻصʥɳǣסģźһкҶȱ꣬߶ǧͼֱӸһɽ硣
Լ칦ԴӾɽ磬ֱһɽ硣
ɽ磡
ǿ֮Уһγ֣ͨҶֳʩչԪıϢҶ֪Ԫ϶һɽ磬ͷŶٵӦĴڡ
ŪһУҶȿʼͷߵĸӦ
Լ㹦ҶȵĸӦ͸ɽ磬ԼɽΧһЩգٿȻۣԪúݵֶΣ֪һ֣Լһǧˣһɵۣһǳۣм֣
ϲĲڣ꾲ʵ
ڣһ־ѹǵĴӪƺеĸ֣Ѿڶ԰ɽ磬е̺ʽѲ飬ǵǿߣ鲼ɽ磬꣬ȻǣǾͰӪֱӸˣ
ֱգôˣ
һʱţҶھԪӦ֮ǰǧǿߣȫնɱؼкܶˣֲڰɽ硣


1256 ̰Ե
ĵģ޵
һǧǿߣһǳֲۣһɽ粻ͬطֲǾۼһҶھԪǰȫ
ȻʵҲܣ
Ҷȴ꣬Ȼ߶һϢһԹâֳֻһڡ⣬˲صҶȵļͷǺǣ㿴Ҽ⣡
ޣĪǡ
һޣ֪ҶҪʲôȻ֪޵
ҶɵЦֻҪ˵Ϣ޸ӦܸһϢҵһˣڵٶȣһɽ磬˿ɵֻռϢȽʱˣ
ɫĮɱ֮޿ռУȻֱӵصͷϿҶ취ǾɣЩ˲ɱˣ۶ٵ޹ؼɽǻǵУЩ֣Ӳһɽ磬޿֣
ĥȷıˣøӼǿ
ԱߣҶӦı仯纺һûκζԵ˵Ĵһļ֮ģ
꣡
ҶȿţţȻ̲סذԺʵĸд棬˫ĿԣǰҲһڷ磬һŭ֮£ྪ춯ص飬̤ɽ磬ȻҲǣЩ£˵ǷЩĲԣ˵ǶôɿЦֻ˵ǣұˣ׺ܶ飬ڴȻ˰£޷ȥҵģǵ׷ʱҵңܸԼĴ̫󸺵ٻ£ϷĳЩ£Ҵ˺ħҲе̫࣬һе谭
ۿͻȻʪ󣺡޷ɽٵϤͬš񶼲ˣǰһ̻úõģһ̡գۣҾͷҼǣоǵϢ
еʧǲӵһУУ꣬ٻԶ޷ţһ翴һУΪٻ޷ʼ˵δĳһ죬ͻͻȻߣֻףˣǵȥҪӭµֻأҲһָȻֻϢɽϵЩڵˣʹȻδһȥѪȻܷ£ɱˣɱûѪծ뻹
𣿡
ǵģ
һ̣ҶȰѿ꣬§뻳й
֤ٻ֮ҶȣҪҸˣȻ˽һż򣬵أ˭Ҷһݰο˭ҶȺ޹˼ɵĿ޳
ûУһˣسһУ
ĪԼȥֹͣ𽥻ָƽҶúϢ͵ʼʩչ龻֡
ǿ֮еһ龻ָӦУ͸ڰɽ֮⣬һǿ֮УĴڡ
ǾԪĴӪ
ҶֱմӪϢ󷨱ڲ˵ϢԼκεӪϢκˣ뾸ϼйصˣҶ͸Ԫڲϵȫ߶龻֣׽Ϣ
һȥ궼Աߣȴš
Լ¹ȥ龻ֺȻ飬ΪһŸӵҶۣͷһСβͣƯҶǰ
ҶԴСһϢÿˣ㶼ԳԵһҪŹ
˵̯꣬˲룬ȻСβһѣͽɽ֮С
Ҷȿʧʵô죿
ҶȵްѰɽڲĵˣȫ꣬һʣȻȥǴӪͳͳǧͼ֮ǰҪѾԪµǵԪ񣬸Ĩɱ޷ӦȻٶ֣
ţͷٴΰ
Ҷͷޱ߸Ӧɽ磬ʱ޿µͨеٶȣڸ˲ٶȣȽҪһ˵ǰ񣬶޷׷޵ٶȡ
Աһ´˲֮Ҫֱɹɽ磬ֻҪ˲֮գ۹ѣޣֻҪһ˲ٶȣʱ䣬ڻ֮䡣
ӵеĲٶȣжϢӦޱûж¶ȵģƺжеĸӦҶȸϢÿһСβͣͳһǰֱſһ
ûκηΪʳ࣬ٸ֣һ٣ʱͱ޳Եһ롣
޿ʲô仯ôˣۣȻһҲ㣬̰ĽһȥƺУʲôǣʳѣΨһĸӦҶȡ
ˣȥǴӪ
޹˶ãܸ㶨ˣҶ̴꣬߶ǧͼգۣǿա
ǰһƯʯϣһǳ֣֮ȻǾԪǼڸֵϢ
ǿΪֻһ̤ڱȽϾã̤뼸ѣ˼һ𣬻һΪﵽڱĸ֣ȫҵĶ֣Ǳ룬Ԫµ˵
˲Ϣ˾Ưڴ֮ϡ
Ӧ֮ҶȾԷǿߵһЦȻЩˣɱˣɽǵ͵ɽһֲɣ
ಣ
߶ԪǧͼֻϾԴҶȱ꣬Ϣʩչɲִ󣬲֮ǰĵϢϢ˳ڡ
ܿͼһռڣǿл졢ۻᣬʮգҲ໥࣬ӰɽӶʡ
Ƕû뵽ѾϢҪͷϡ
Ҷ룬ͼߣΧھֻһһЩʲôҶ׷ɹϷȻ󷨡
Ԫ
ոս󷨣˾ƯķӡУһӰǱˣǾ棬ΪǿĴڣٸ֡
ԾԪϢһٸ֣࣬Ҫһ֣ѾԶˣӲӲĶ֣ҴﵽԼڣܳ׽նɱǽڳڣơն֣նɱҲпܣ
ٵľͷʵڿֲԫ˲ѷ棬Ϊɽӣ¾ԪһУԻһɽ硣
ȥ磬һУԻһλ档
λܴ
Ϊɽ뷲ͬʲͬʣʯʯ򶼱Ȳɽʯʯʮ֮һȲˡ
ټλ棬̫λ棬ֲһУ
ϧ編֮ųԽǿ½磬ҲҪܵ
ҶȻһָָԪӰ꣬ǾԪǿߣԸ˱̫ףٵҴﵽڣпܣѾﾸԭΪܣһΪ˽ԸԪ
ȼĿ⣺һ᲻ǿģ
֪ٻҲ῿Լһ۷壬ҾҪʩչ龻֣ȸκϢþԪʧȥӦϵ֪ȴ֪˺£
̤һҶͨһϢںϴ֮󣬿ʼչ


1257 ͻȻֵǿ־
龻ֻںϴɱеϢҶƯڴڲ࣬ǾԪӰֻʮɾ룡
𶯣
Լʱȥ
ҶͻȻס磬һۣ˲߶޷һ׹⣬˸
ΪҪԪµӰչһбɱ
ǾԪһǿҲڵҲӪΪľѹеĸ֣
ڵأ
üһȻֹͣ
ٿ
Ҷһʩչ޷󷨻Ϊ޵Ĵڣϻ龻֣֮κθ֣֪ڲ
꣡
ԪǱʶ˼ά֪̫ٶۣҶָϷ޷Ƶڣʱ˺һе׹⡣

׹˺ѾԪΪƬҽУ¶ŵĿ⣬ƬҶȫ롣
ɹˣǳȥҶһɹնɱԪҶ֪ʱȣԪӦʧȥ֪϶ɱ
꣬һʧ֮С
ٿ
ʯϿգҶƾӿֳ߶ʮһҶȻӶƣֱΧռΪ˵Ŀռռܱʹãߵ

ռǴҶˣվƣ֮ϣ͵𶯣ȻһӣһʼֱӴҶͷ
찡
һǿߣ޷ǿҶȵľƣͬҶھɱУţͷ࣬ʣӴ޴
Ҷȿɲǣʩչٸ֣ɵۻǳۣͳͳ֮УȥĵطǴǧͼ硣
뷴ʸ𣿡
ҪʱͻȻڲڵĸ֣ȻͷͨһΪĲȱֵҶȵĲ
Ҷͷŷۣ˲Ϣػڴγǣȫ
ǣҶǰǼֻˣ
꣡
ֻҶƶʱһռֱѹôƺۣ˶̵ĴȻƼһҶָݺݵһץȻ飬κ󷨶ΪƬʧȥͨ
·ǿ޴ʯҲҶѹ÷飡
ŴʯҶ׵ػֻǿߣ޷رҶȲǵҶȣȻģģһ԰һǾ˵ˣǺˣ칬ԿԾĹŹǣ
Ԫ
ʲô칬ʲô
ҶЦһҪ̤£Ȼ֪˵ʹã֪ôģֲˣֻԼ̫̰õһУԹñˣѵԪû㣬Ҫץˡҡ𣿡

ǿ߱һɭɭηģ칬ҶȣסҶȵԼʱһǿߣʱľľګزٷҶһһǧͼ
Էݣֻһˣɱ칬Ĵڣѵɵν칬
һжʧˣ
Ϊ˳Ҷ꿴ȥЩȣӭǼʺ磬ҶЦЩˣȡ棬䵽һе³ȴԹˣԶҲԼ̰ѡ񣬲Ľ֣
һֱƽģûΪȫûֵñϲãϣмˣܰеģΪһ
ھͿԪϼһεһſҶȴգʩչǧͼգ޺ܿҶȻϡ
Ե˵ޣһûûģ
һδ֪磡
޴ĸ磬вɵĺֳٰͬʣ޷Խʱգ·Ǹݡγɵķ档
δ֪УٵɵҲิӡϡԿռ䡣
ȥЩҹеʥ磡
ûʥôŨܵԣҲûôľȻﻷӣָ£ɾǶٵľͷ޷Ķ硣
һɽµĵطһӰ
ڸϷķۻ磬ˣ칬סˣ֣ھЩ桢ʣ칬ǿߣڶбѲš
վӰߣ
ٿ
ͻȻۣһĻʣ˲ɢȻǾϼ棬Ԫ
ˣʧȥ֪ζ޷Ӧô£ܡ
Ԫس˼ţ̾ǣתһʥĹâصλˣԪ½ͻȻҪ£Ҫ½һˣ
ȥɣǻĿλ
ӶӵһϢ
ǣ
þԪٵǿߣȻΨǴӣʩ֮󣬶ʱ߶˲֮һƶ·ʱ֮С
ʱ䣡
һɽ磡
֮УҶɾȴţʮ͵סӣҶͷ̧ͷһˣԪҲ֪ںηһɽ磬Ȼôʱ䣡
ո˵꣬ʹһɽ񷾡ͷһƿ֮⣡
һ칬۵ߣϵطֳݣǾϼ棬Ԫ
ĿǱҶȴݻٵĴӪ
ɶ񣡡
֮䣬ʯʧǿգΧȻʲôûУȻɽ磬һٿȻüһϢˣѵһ
ܣôʵ
Ԫŭֱðôӵۣû뵽̫Сһ˵ٳͷ֮
ǸԷݣɵǿߣ
꣬Ҿ˵ˣϼһһĲᣬ֪ƿءѹƵζˣ
Ϸ뾸ԪʮǿУҶڰжţžԪһһ
ԪУھһֻ飬һֻڶ¨У
ϷһҪƤ塭ԪǴŭڳĬɽ磬֪ʲô
ͻȻȻȭһһɶٵȭͷϣȻ͵ɽȥ
ˣ
ҶһɫͰҪ֪ɽڣ򣬻вٵˣԪһȭȥɽ缴㲻е壬Ҫ
ôҶɳΪһеĵҲǼӵˡ
Ҷ׼֣ѾԪ

ɲǣͷԵľԪ·һ֪һȭһŭһڰɽ磬ʲô֣ƺ֡
޵ǿգһɺ嫵־ͻȻ
ʲô־ʲôٶȣ
߿ҶȣεȵĸӦһͷŴǧͼȻܸӦ־մӰ
ʲôˣôǿ˼ԦɽĴڣҶΪ־Ĵڣزɵѹƣޱߣ־ٶȣ


1258 һɽ磬
ôˣ
һԵ꣬δҶ𺳡ԾģӡеҶȣ⡣
Ҷȿ꣬͵һһֱޱߣںԴǿߣȻɽʱճ۳ң
ܰɣ
ԴȻҲ֪Ǻںϣ֪ҶںһݣͲ֪ˣںϳɹһɡ
ǿ֪ʲôˣ
ȻҶȵϣʮɫ
ǿߣ
Ըֵļįڴվڵĸ߶ȣҶѾԤϵ̤ڣɵ磬ǰҲԿ⣬ɵ磬ûʲô֣ڴ׷ǿ߳֡
ʲôˣ
ɲǼ䣬ŻٶȵľԪҲӦһɽı仯Ȼתա
ʲôˡ
Ǹޱߵ־ͻȻһĮȻƺܾԪʲôݣʲôǿߣ֪ɽԼķԼʲôǹأһٸ֣ѵ֪ʵСһɽ𣿡
ոߴ
ҶһҲüšҶ˸𺳵⣬мǧˣ򣿹أʲôˣôĿӣӦ֪Ԫ칬ˣ
򣬱ǹأ
һ˵ĳ
ѵ
ԪֹסȭڿҪڰɽ֮ʱͣšƣ𽥵س䣬ûӰ񷣬Ȼһʣ¿ɷһɽġߡ
칬ָ֣ӦöߣʮֵϤ
ΪߡˣĮȻϵ
ߣȻڣžɽ磬ÿһɽ磬һӻߣߣǱɵ־ѡеĴߣ
ʱҶϣһ˿ɫɻΪߣҲŹģɽ磬ǿ˵߶Ǵţ˶֪δй˼
ɽ죬ɽ磡
ţÿһɽ磬ӵʼһӻߣһˡ
ɽ־ѡеˣҲӻˣͿʼɽڹгֻ֣ɽ䣬ΣʱЩ߲Ż֡
صģҲɽ֮УΪɽǿľǿߣֻǲʿһֱΪ֪ˣǴӲɵС¼뵶ڵĵࡣ
û뵽һ죬ܼʶɽߣߣӦþһɽ߰ɣҶŪǿ־ݡ
Ԫϵ칬ۣͷųĿʥ⣬ǰȻһֱڶߣһɽ磬Сɽ磬ëɽʱգʲôɵУжٵʱ𣡡
Щʱգߵͬʱգ͵飬Ǳó٣еʱգûģɽ磬γûж£һȻǽ磬ϢΧƬʱգᱻɽӰ죬δγɸռ䣬ǲܵ˺ģ
ߵ϶ƽ·û˵칬ΪɽִߣΪߣǷ־ܸԤɵڲķǾŴߣ翪ʼƲ칬޷նɱ칬λǿߣȴԻĸȴκβǣһССĶ٣ҪٴηȻҾɱ㣬ɱ㣬칬ں㣬ֻߣ
㡭
Ϊϣ
þԪٸ֣εĴڡ
ٹǵ޽֮أ߶ŭˡ
ߣ뿪ǣߣǾŴߣ޽֮һţǾû칬ˣ
Ԫһ˦䣬ȻתƿշȥٶԽԽ죬˵뿪˵ߡ
ӲǹĲ˳ʺһѵ治֪Լһ֥飡
ͻȻ߲Ȼһŭ
ֻھԪȥƬ񷣬ȻһĿռֱþԪһѵʯӣһɽ񷣬ݺ˳ȥ
ߵ±Ȱʮɵ磬ʹ֮ɽ磬Ҳмǣ
û뵽һǿߣǰ֪ʲô֣㱻һǱӰӡ
ǿ
ߣܶꡭ
ҶȾø뿪ʱˣ׼뿪ͻȻһɾҶǰ񷣬ߵһ𣺡ûиӦϤϢˣ㲻ٶزأɣǰߣҲ޷أ
˲ϢҶȾ֪ߵǿزһƬȻʱȭǰͨ۷
һʱ̾Ҷʮ⣺ɽôԪֻʮ֣߳һ𣬾صԪΪˣüΣһɽ棬ǾŴߣҲʱ߶ϻдǧͼϢߣģǵõ˵Ĵаɣ
ҶǷˣҲǰ棬̹ϵʲôӲǰķۣȷǵõ˵ĴУܳΪߣ
ֻҺ⣬䣬ʬ壬֪ȥɽĸʱˣǾŴߣȥѰҹϾߣΨһѣϧ޷ҵȴӦĴǧͼɽһƬʱ֮УǵľŸ磬ȥֻǣû뵽һĸ֣ߣҲ޷ѹΪĿռ䣬磬һǴ˵е壬ʿ㣬Ȼܴһشǧͼ
⡭ǰ¶֪̤ʱգʥ;ú֣Ϊλôԣû뵽Ǵ罵Ŀռ䣬ôǸǿߡʿ󣿡
һ󣬻һʮֻŷӡ޷ʱѿɵ磬磬Ѿʧȥϵ󣬲ǵˣԲȥˣκ£Ŷ
˵ʥ£ȻƺӦʲôȻһ측ꡢԪֻ֮šϼ⡭ڣôõôϴ񣿡
ǰɽ٣ܵҲܿĳҶţ·ʧȥоǰһжƵġ
ô᲻֪
ǰߵƣһʣҿǴɽ磬ߣɽܣҶ˽ģ֣ܵõɵεϴǴδֹģĪ㱾ʲôʲɣ
ʣֻӵߡʣҶǶģǰԼʲôʣ
ʣ
ҶʮŪ⣬ԲݣߵݣҲʵǰ˳
ߣѾԪûдߵĳ֣ˣ߶ʿ˵͵ҲʲôݣʲôʣҿԸһ㣬õôɵϴ㽫Ҳõϴ񣬽Աκ˶ʹɵߣΨһĴڣҪﵽ̶ֳȣҲܣҲǣõɽϿɣĩˣԺ󻹻ģΪɵкܶ仯˻һ𡭡
𽥵ؽнԶһɽϢʧ


1259 
ߣ
Ȼ޷ع
˵еĴڣȻҼʶˣ߿Уӵ֪ҶȵĲƽ֮
ˣ
Ҷȵ˵ĳ΢һ̾ߵΪѾþѾƵϣһףҰģһһɽףﶼҪǳ
ҪҰģɽˣ굹ѵ¶һЦݡ
Ҷȿʼ߶ǧͼ꣺꣬Ǹûɽˣơնϻĵڣ׼صڴȨ黹أһϴʣǴӴٶȣֻһ¥
Ϊأɽ֮£˵ĺܶԣûʵȥЩ£վ޽֮һ죬ҲŻῪʼµɽݸһЦˣŶδ
ߣ
ҶͷŴǧͼ˲괩Խһɽȥ
Լһʱ˾Ŵǧͼ֮ɽ磬һδ󣬱ɽ硣
ʥɳǣ
޴ʥǽڣ
ɾΪػţ̫ľҶ׵ļˡѣ׷ټʮˣɵۻǳۣͳͳ֮С
Ҷ굽ֱӸ󷨣ƣκϢ͸Ȼת鶦ҶҶȡĪȻˣһһԾУڲתʥˮںϣ
֨֨
һʮ˱ۼУ
ʣҶתƯʥ֮ϣ·ˣ޷ԿתʥˮһһʧȥʶҶͷŷ𣬼תʼʩչת֮ʼںϣһʱ䣬һȼת鶦ڡ
ΪӵиҶȲϼȻؼĻǷÿڵڽڽ
˶Ҫ죬һʱɣҶó󣬾÷Զת鶦ȼգתȥһУϷ¡
ԭǰõжɽϴ񣬶ǿõһ𴫳ϿɣΪЩҲſںϾԴſ԰֮࣬ſԴ񷷨򣡡
ҶȾҪһ˼Ͼߣ̫д
ԣҿǣԽˣӵɵڿʹñԴ̫ˣһϢһʵȺӿôǧͼɱںϣ͸ЩһжԤƵģõôϴҲ޷õɽϿɣ㲻ӵɾͣ
Ҷ˵Ȼĺô
ȾŴߣѣȻҶҲ칬ǰǶͷϵҶȵõɵϿɣͬĴڡ
ŴߣΪߵһݾ޴ƶ
ˣ
ٿ֮䣬һٷʥɳǣֱҶڵĹڷΧķ
֪һģӦǡľС㣡
ҶۣƺѲ³ٷ˭֣֮Ȼ󿴿ת鶦˻ڸ֮УҶȱ㶣תһ̷ɳ
뿪ڰץٷȻϴľ쳵ҶСܣѵûһ𣬸պȸөݡѩöڣ
λӶˣѵð
һ̣ϻµУҲδʲôҶԾ;ȥɽ磬λӣŮɽǰ֮ãĪѾѣͬô򵥡
˲һοҶȾʹʥɳɽɳأ˲ľ쳵լǰ
Ƕľ쳼ūڹ򣬼ҶֶһΪûиоҶϢҶһ͸Ӧˡ
ūҶȽլӣҶٴδլӣѾլڲһĿռ󷨣ɽʮ
ľ쳡ȻΪΪ
ӦլҶȾ͸оȸӡөӡ뺫ѩӡľ쳵ϢϢľڣҿƲͻƲãѩөӶԲΪʱͻڡ
ģȻȸӣҲѾﵽΪ
ľ쳵ΪŴﵽڣʵѾڣʵ󣬲һʤһ
һӦҶѾڶľ쳣ʼһµ˽⣬ʵӦľڣŨҵϹϢӣһǳϹͥ
ãҶūٴ԰ǰŮʮ֮ģڳʲôʮֿģҶȵһҲˣӦһҶԼԱ¡
òҶȷһķΧȻû䣬ֻʵ࣬ҶУǲأĿУء
ϴ޽֮سһ֮ûüúлл㣡ľ쳵ڣҶȱԳϿҵл⡣
ҶһЦľ쳣ҲԱλŮͷСģƳ٣
ȸӺݺݵһҶȣְֺ޵ĿߵͲӦÿʱصģԴųĪ֮£ͲӰǴ˷ͷ㲻ʱ䣬ѰĹУҷڣͬʱ۵ϫӡӣΪɸ񣬽󹦣ţûȥ
һǫ飬ҶҡҡͷȻᲢۣʦѵĺܶԣǸʱȥһˣֶۣϵ˵ʵǻֶУԴֶΪȥѰýԴұѰֶ죬ţ
ֶ̫أ껹δΪֶʱʱɽ߶ΪδһŮӣ޷ʵ֣ľ̾һ䡣
ҶȺȻȭδϲС㣬ڣ
ʲôֵùϲģ̤ڣϣЩƿһˣڣӦøеˣ۳ƹӣľͻȻөӣƺʮֹ˵
Ŷ
ҶҲϿөӣ֪ө۳ƹӹϵǳеȷܸˣ۳ƹţǳ£һ۳ƹƱػͬȾǿеٮٮߡ
ҸоϢѾȫ޷ʵѾﵽҵĵزѾԽңڵ㣬ֻ޽֮زɳȥľ쳿ʼ˵֮£һһУػ
Ҷһһ죬һһ
صʥɳǣҶȾתٴ߶ת鶦ȥڣ˾Ȼûɱ䣬ͻ䣬췭ظݣҲΪ
θı䣬ѾΪԽѩţһΪһ
ɣҶһһ˼һ֮󣬲뿪Ҳ൥˾ۣȻҶЩرĹɾı仯
ɾɹ֮ԭƱҶҲдʯ£ҹɾٶȣУҶһˣţҶߣĸɽ֮һ
ҶҲûǣΪڵɽ֣һһЩɵ
ɽĸ𣬶мӹϵҪɽԻգһٶɽ߲㣬Ϊ


1260 
ʥɳǴδ꣬ҶȾ͸ӦݶٷǸˣǼȻ߶ǧͼɽϻ֮ء

ҶϢɽ󷨹֮УںϣõٷҶȵȴãԽϢ
ٷУȡϢҶϻûٳ룬ǹڽ뵶ϹŶϢ֪Ҷȣѳɹ˵һЩϹŶȻҶһ֮󣬽޽֮ĳʱղμӴƻ
ҶϢһʱ䣬úһУһʱ͹ȥˣҶֱ޵ط޽֮أһˣûдκε߲Լӡ
޽֮أ
ڣ޽֮ѹѾȫʧȥѹƣԽ߲磬ѹԽ
޽֮ػɫʱУҶȾˮУܵκѹƣǼɵ޽֮ظָ
֮ҶȽһƬʣѻɵ½أƬʱ޽֮طǳңԶĵطɽϻλͬǸԶʱգʱУҶȴ߶ӦеĲϢԴ󲿷ֶǸֵ
Ƭʱգǵڸ־߶ĵط
ҶȰսµλã½֮Уܿ͸ӦһƬɽУŰǿϢһǵ롣
һǶٵĴڣһһһΪˣǶɹٵĴڡ
ͬΪپͷǵΪҲ罭룬еٮٮߣһ֪жۺ񣬳еĲ־ͷ֮࣬ʵȻҲҪǿü
ˣ
ȻûȽ뿪ڣҶѾͷųϢʱһͷ΢΢شϲ˵
λõˣ
Ҷǹ˸ӦϢȻޣͻЩͷ֣Ҷȱ벽ΪӪЩͷڰһȣȻɽȣֻɽһᡣ
ڣŰھͷ
룬κۡƵ𡯣Ⱦͼì䶯졯ͬǰϹŶһǡ̰һǡɱ뵶𡯡ϹŶø룬磬޷˵ô֣Щﶼ򵥣
Ҷȼڰͷ˲Ϣ䣬ʹ춯µķУϳһͷÿһǵڵĺĴڣÿһ𶼱Ҫǿ󣬵֮Уȴˣֶӡ
֣
ּҶأһվӭ
ͬΪ߲㣬Ȼ໥֮ʮϤûжټԡ
Ҷᣬ£¶ƣʮȻ˲ϺѣȻŽ˿ȣ˲䰲׷׿롣
λֻһĿģǷҪյڴȨֻλȨأǡܱסǵ
һϢһ飬ӦǲȱϢľͷŵ˵ƾ˵λһдȨֻҪģᱻһһȥȨЩӣǾͲö˵ˣԫ˵ϴʧܣһЩڸֶѣŻƾԴ˴ŭԫֵĺӣµͷˣ
Ƶ𣬴˵Ϊ٣Ƚ˶٣֣ҪֳʤȻҪֳܷ꣬
ҶȰ⣬˵ľͷΪƵҲһһƵĵ࣬ҴںǰҵõϹžͷĴУΪ֮һ
ƵûڽߵһˣҶȸĺ档
ˣҲһΪκۣ
һŲͬѮ߻˵֣ЩˣûһӹʮͻȻҪһͳǿɲҪʧȥȨҲҪʧȥɣ
ƵߣֵĵΪλڰż˹ȻԽֱֻ֣֧ƾλ
ӹϰˣϷǲ뱻űߣһߣûʲôͷӣһɢͷ
ԱһƹˣߣҡͷЦ̰ϸ磬㲻ǵҲν޹һᣬƾλҲÿλ飬׼ʱμӶѣû뵶򣡡
ˣɱ֣̰ϸ磬ǶϹŶͬҰףƾһλǿңɲУǶԼһʱһͳչأÿϹŶҪԼǣǶһΪ¼ҹˣ
λʥ뽭ֺǲҪһȣƾؽһڱƿأ֣ô˵һһǸûʸҵ˼ǲԻƾҲҪڰšһƾǵҪǵ˼ˣ
Ҷǡô󲿷˶뷨˼ʱŽ˵꣬վдʵ˵һȻĲϣȻҪĶЩͷ뽭붼Щ˵ĹǣȻҪ̬ġ
һˣΪͼìʱ֣ƾߵĺܽʥмʽǾ;úܾĸ֪㣬ѾƾַˣΪһҶ˵ţ
λΪ֪ƾֶεˣʵ֮ܵλŴҶ֪ҵΪҪΪܣǻƾҺʱΪλȻ޷ѡ񣬶ȡֶΡҶ˵ʱ춯ǰ䣬Ȼ󲻵ѡʵ˻ƾĶ֣£Ȼûǰ֣һֱƾˣжĥɱ¿һûüֵ֮ã
Űͷ棬Ҷȴŭ벻ʼøҶȡ֮λڽʮҾǳΪŵʮ֮Уλһֱ֧λ֮һΪ龫һϿɣܣһϹŶڣΪ˿϶Ȼһ쿪ʼȻ濴ߵĺܽеҪ£ҷҽų⣬뿪ƿλãߣⲻжĥɱ¿ʲôʱ£ңҳŵõȨõ֧ʱ֮ãһλȻĸһȡҵλãȻǡλ
ѵ̹ϣһֱδ˵ڽߵĵκ۴Ц⣬϶صͷ
κ֣ǳΪ֮ˣΪжٵĸ֣ԳΪ£Ҳ˵λҲҶκۿһۡ
һһֱδ˵Ⱦһ꣬Ҷˣֻţ־Ȼҵȣ˵Ǿһֱú֣춯ǰΪô䣬Ϣ뿪ˣȻһжǻƾڵΪƿصڣõĹƣҰģ˲¹ͷ
ȻҶģ֮ǰ˵ļƻ֪λɷ޳ɣ
ϹŶ̰ϹŶɱ뵶һֱһû˵ֻһ䣬ն죬ɷΪ֮ã
ǵһͳˣƾһͳڣǵ棬ᱻߣնõȨǵ棬ȻͬģǵúúˣƾƵ˵


1261 ͬ˴
κۣƵĮȻһ΢΢ҡͷնʼջŹ£ȻҪҪδһ·
Ҷһϵκ˵ն죬ǱһһƷƾγ໥ݵƣʵΪնһһ·ƿأȻǿܣţ
ѾܾģȻλֵܶͬƻôӴԺǱͬˣҪڰУγɶԿƾǵ棡ͻȻһ䣬ÿ˶
ڿҶȣ֣Ϊľģɷóʥóλֵأ
Ȼû⣬ҵõʥΪǯƻƾ־ͬϣʲôֻʥλƿأ
ҶûκԥֻһץѿԪ񵶣˫֣Ȼ롢κۡƵ𡢹Ⱦͼì䶯ԼϹŶ̰ɱ뵶
ʥ
Ԫ񵶶֣Ŀ⣬ʱ
ǽκҲӿԪ񵶣Եڵʥ˭һƿأӵгΪϣʸ
ˣҾͿηֻݵʥҶڰмЦЩͷܿͷ˵Ƕ༤ĸ룬õڵĴȨõʥΪõڵȨߣ֮
λֻʥȴˣʥﲻ÷䣬֪ʲô뷨뿴˵
Ⱦ취ܼ򵥣Ǿֲ÷ӡӡʥȻΪǿﱣܱǣ
ð취
ţ
ͬûһ˷ԡ
κۿˣʱһվѿԪ񵶣Ǿ͹ͬʩӡʥһ˭õʥ޷⿪ӡһ˽Դ߶ӡͻᱻ˸Ӧ
ٿ
һɹɷӡԾ֣ͬУͬͬطʽһһֳ
ӡԽǿӡԽ̣ӵڲͬ޷⿪ӡΪķӡ֮
ҺһϣҶȲõȺͷ棬¶ţǿӡҶȵǿϴ߶ߵͷųϡĵǲǵʿ޷ͷŵ
û˶Ҷ˿ɣƣˣķӡӳ̶ȣȴһͷզ࣬ҶȷͷӡҲʵûǿͨ޷⿪
֮һ˵ķӡҶԽ⿪ģ˷ӡһ𣬼һ١٣Խ⿪
ӡʹˣӴ˾ͬӪһͬƾն죬֧ն죬õڵĴȨ
վдǿӡ֮κһˣˣ޷⿪Ҿã䶯֣κκƿʥʵǿģ
ͬ⣡
û
飬ڳͷܿ춼Ĭˣκ䶯ͷȻõץסԪ񵶣֮УӴˣ뽭롢ҶȣӪеĹǡ
սָ£ƷŲ裬ҶȰ˼Ƭ̣Լ뷨Ҿǵƾ⣬£ĸ֣ǣҪﲻ֣һ֣Ҫõ޷
²֮ܲÿˣеվģͼìȻͬҶȹ۵㣬ǲϹŶΪҶȼ仰ȥ˼ǡ
κ۵ǵص㣬˵ն죬ЭǣԸΪνġԦԿƾ
Ⱦһ˫ͫȻͷһ⣺и취նˣβ飬ûʲôݣ޷Ƭ֮ʣһƣһӪȼƻ֮мΪ뽭ִսһն죬Ȼ󡭡Ȼǵĳ⣡
һ䶯ʱһӣкãıԣһǻԣûƾʧȥƿնĻᣬԾȳն죬뿪ڣϻжԿƾƾҪѽ֣ӽõն죬ˮһգ
һһʯļƻ̰ɱ뵶Ҳ޳ɡ
ЩϹŶһ˾һ뻢ıƤ벻һмƻã
ҶЩϹŶƻʱЦ˻ЩˣᵽͷˣǻΪæǮ
κ֪жۺʵ뽭벻ֲ٣ǿ
ΪˣȻڽϣƻһչǵĽ뽭֣ҪܵίӪȼƻʼôҪܵشûƾ뵶ǵĿƣһֿ˳˦ƾӴ˲ٵĻƾҪն죡
ɴߣСڣΪ棬ҲòҵҲַ޳СУڹ˽ҲκԹԣչ¶һȻļ
ֵ侲γ֣֮Уļ˱ȽϺʣ
һʱĬ
ɲһ򵥵⣬ãͻټǰѱ
Ȼ䶯죬ˣҲƺ֪а취׷׿Ҿṵ̈ɱ֣ǱҪģΪϹŶȻƮ޶Щ䣬ȻϢصģͼì֣ͼìĵ˵ǵѾìںϣԵû⣬ֻǵѣƾ޷׽ϢȻ²˭µ֣ԽΪҪϵĶٸ֣콭ˣһˣЩǣǿ
һ˵꣬ͼìӦʵȷλϢ⣬ҵϢȻҲ⣬ȴԻΪƽûй̶·û⣬ֲ뽭ֽ֣
Ҳû⣡ϹŶǶٵĴڣڴ£̰ɱ뵶ϴӦ
ã
һļϣ
һӪȼƻʼӴ˽ֻ֣վǵǲܼն죬ն֪ǻƾˣн֣ҲӵģȻɣնӴˣҾƶһʱ䣬ѡѵӣչж
κ۰˾ۼһ𣬿ʼϸڡ
죬ͷ޽֮ػŽͷһһ뿪ع鵶ڣǰռƻȥط
ɽ磬ϻĵĸ߿գ
Ӱǽ࣡
ҶͻȻƣ˵֣˵κָղνļƻն棬ȥնмƻǲǹų⿪һǰǴĿ꣬ǷõȨȻҪĨɱ

ԾӵĽ룬һ֮˲ĬˣƻȷҪĵģ޵ν޶ɷ򣬳ɾʹҵ伫
μƻȻǣͷߣҲףΪʸ֮ģǣǺγǣ֣ҿԽվһעǶ򣡡Ҷȹһ
ڴʱͻȻ޵ģãҪСǣǾڴ˷룬֣ƻ죬ҵʲô⣬ɱ֣ɳƣüƻɱ֣ɱңҲһжǳңҪҲ֣
Ҷ¶һֵ뺮絽ʱұڰǳ֣ǶҪɱ֡ˣҲܻȥҿ̤һϣ
ã͵ֵ仰ʱ
ʱһڵĵڷ


1262 ͻĴɱ
ǳʱڣһ˾֮񣡣
ҶͻȻЦˣΪһֱΪŵĻᡣ
ôһƻȴΣվأЩϹŶĸ֮
Ƕ춯ֵĳ֮ˣͱˣˣܳΪϹŶǱȻĺ֮
ҶƯϻգȥķһЦ밡룬ֻ֮ҾҪסϴնɱ̫࣬ϧˣץס㣬ҲΪ磬һȨߡ
ʱȥơ
˼һҶϴ߶ǧͼ
ǧͼڳħϢӵտʼֻգۣҶȾͷԼһϵĹ֮С
ٺ٣ϴ󣡡
ϷһŵƵ֮УͻȻһӰǻΪŷϵĳħƺҶȵ˲͸Ӧˡ
ҶȵͷķͷŸӦŷһƬԶǳصľɽۣ֮ΧûʲôûʲôʿֻһЩˣڹΧæµ
뵶ڣҶҲһ࣬Χڣ뵶ڳǳؾ޴ӵĵʿҸӦ֮УӦۣϢȻ
ħҶߣȻһ£ƸıΧ󷨣Цеصϴ̫ʱˣڰУ뵶ڣǰȻԶԸնֵĳǿߣ滹٣ԼʮˣǶǵڵȨߣȻȲŵʮ䣬ɶԼЩˣһ֧նֵģûм֮
Ҷһʱ˸У꣺ټĵڣû뵽ʣôЩŵڵ־֮ǰ뵶ڲٵЩˣѾûκεǿ֮磬ӭЫĳѾѣνһͳǻƾҲ
˵
һη壬мһ˵ĳħҲϺյĵˣǻƾһˣŵʮ䣬ϹŶǵĵˣǶҪһ
˼Ҳ˵δҪĵˣʵǸˣڣ
ڷѣȻͬ䣬뷨
ټ̵־Ҳĥסµʴ
ڱζǰƵƾҪһͳڣҲкܳ·ҪȥߣδĵڣڴϣҲԼϣ㣬ǰﲻˣûȥǣ
ҶȺȻ˻⣬ɫˣǰʱȥһɽ磬Ǹ澸ԪȻйصɽҲţһ߲û£ȥоԪĸ֣˭֪һɽߣ
ǸԪϲġߣϴ㻹ȴڣǿǱɵ־Ͽɵˣɵ磬Ǵľף𣡡ħ˾ͷ
ߡ
ҶҡͷһЦû뵽ѣߣֻɽ꣬ʶ֮УˣҴѴǧͼںϱƣʲô

üͷһ壬Ȼ¶Цϴϵıв٣һһ磬ϱǾ䣬ʮ٣ˮǧͼֻɽãⲻ֪һȥ磬滭֮磬һռϴ󻹿ȥ꣬δǧͼǵ֮ڵһռ䷨ʮһݺ棬һ޴ƣϴӵʣϴǧͼƱףһ뷨
Ҳģ֮̽棬ĸ˭֪֮ʲôˣҸûȥˣ̫̫࣬ö㲻һӪȴƻʼǾҪʽʼڽˣ
Ҷվ˵˼䣬ħ˲ʧڹ֮С
Ƶĵգ

һˣϢ̤գӥ˫ۣ
ҵ뵶κνơ󷨣ûдؼҶ»Ϊģ־ҲûиӦ
࡭
ֱӷʥɽ󷨣ѲߵʿδĴڣ󷨣ҲϢ
ֱӷʥɽ֮ϵĹʱͷһ⣬ĺȻۣø࣬صܣ֮У
һĨ䳰ȷ𽥿
ţ
߶ǧͼոմ뵶ڻҶȣһ̤뵶ϿգͻȻǿĸӦüͷһ壬ı飬ʥɽøˣ˵Ϊڶ٣Ӧ伶ϹŶǱԸģ
Ҵ˶ڵ򲼾֣ᳵ·ǵ֮ˣҲ뵶ϵˣ
˼һҶ䳰һɽһɽߣΪԸΪԽʵݺᵶ
ⲻ֪ҶȵĸӦҪͨ
ҶʩչԪԴںϣ߶Ϣһͷʥɽ֮ϵĹŻƹ
У
һķкܶʿȻûз
ŴݵĿ⣬ƺͺĲ࣬Բ޿֣ƹһƬ֮ǰʱһȻһɿռϢȻǿ󣬵պÿ󷨡
ϢɳһӣϷԾС
棬ҶֳҲС
֮Уؽڣ̾һƮУһƱǾ԰ȫġ
źһƳӰʱЦడ࣬ͷһ棬Կֻ·һ
κ۵ǿߣǡƾҶں󷽣Ƭ֪ݡ
˽ʥƾԻƾôܣװ׷Ź࣬ȻɳǿԸࡣ
˲ǵڵˣȴɱ࣬Īǣ˾ǻƾҶ˼ѻӵеϢ
ƣ
ûֱӽУȻ󷨣ٶҶȵ־ֱ֣ӼǵϷݺݴ߶֮
ͣ
ʱһ֮⣬ȻֱӴӷдѣѹ󷨣ڵӦʱѾ׹ֱ˺ѡ
䣡
һƻ£
ٶ¡
ÿֲķߣٵĴڣ
ֻһ׹⹥ͻ൱겼õ󷨣һٵֲһС
Ҷߡ
ʹǰһɱЦ࣬ûʹ࣬Ӧ֪³ˣ
ͻͻ
˵꣬˱ݺݵ
ٿ
ڴʱͻȻһƾʧ˵պգƺ뵽ʲôʱתһ˵󷨣Цø࣬û뵽ͨ޷㾹Ȼһ
ɱңʵûȥΪֻԱѡ
Ҷȹߣһ˿˵
ҾģΪ㻹лȥ˷
ҶڰȴЩҪɱңҵĵ̣ҪɱңԣҪٸغϣ㻹δɱңұ֪ͨе䣬ҴαĿҿǰи
㡭
һƺʼֳ󶯾ƣ󷨣ȴһĻ࣬Ϊ֮ɣǰϣξͲɱ㣡
ȻڣȴѾ뿪˵


1263 Ϸ
˼
һߣҶֳֻͷ¶ż亹
ϾԷһٸ֣ҶȿɲɵֻǼɵһ֣пܴУݡ
ҶƻνҪˣ
ƾ˹Ȼ¶ˮ֮ˣδɱǾ࣬һΡϸһ룬ҶѾԤϵеڶδɱ
һֻǻƾ̽һΣһԷ֪Լϸ϶ɳ֣һɱ
һݾģҶȿʼ󷨣ͬһһģһȻʼУȴκۡƵ䶯Ϣ
Ӿоյضȹûȵ꣬Ҷӭ˽˴ϢȻκ۵Ҫ֣򣬵ȴҪҶȸȥڣڰ֣κ۵˷ˮ
Ҷ֪һﷴĺϷҪˣ׼һ߶ǧͼ˲ӵȥ뵶֮С
롢κۡ䶯졢ͼḭ̀ɱ뵶ϢȻֻйȾƵ˲ڣӦڸԵеȴϢ
ƯգӸ߿ոڣҶû͸ȥǸӦƻһͼḭ̀ɱ뵶˶֣κ䶯ڰңڽ룬ԴС
һпƻһ
ҶȲŻǱ뵶ȺУϢ뷢һ֣ݷĵ
֣һ̣ǧҪֳǻ֪ǲзˮԸ뷨˵ǵΪ֮񣡡ûãʹӹȺУһߵĹдݳ
֪ͨұǣҶȵӦȻһϢýԸܵʩչԪȺϿա
ԽҶȾԽӦ£Ǳļ֣ͼḭ̀ɱ뵶Ҫ֣Ҫնɱ룬ҲЩѣȻ־£һлδ֪
硭
빬ȺϷҶѸܵնϢԱһУ˷ƻ뽭뽫ʧȥնƿأᱻκ۵˿ն죬ˣӵն쵽ʥֻӵһݿԪ񵶡
ǣУն춼ܺˣһֱҪ裡
ݣ
ȻϢӿп
ţ֣ƻʼҪˣ
ڰţַģзˮ֮ģҲؿػῼ棬ûǣǷˮǸ̲ôҶԹ̬Ծͷͷԣ侲뽭뽻
һ̣ҶȣͻȻӰɹϢϤͼḭ̀ɱ뵶ˡ
ˣΪϢƾȴԶӲҶȵĸӦ
ӰֱǼ̰ɱ뵶ͼìֱֿӿնڵĹȻͻأ֮䣬󷨿ʼ𶯣âͬ貵̻š
Ϯ
ټĵڣâըѣǿ˲䱬ǿߣҲͳͳءӶ
ЩǿȻǽ£ǽ벢ûаѼƻǣ𾴵ĵ룬ƭһͬͻɱ빬Ⱥ
ڱ£
һаռƻнеʱ̣ڼ̰ɱ뵶ѾɱնڵĹʱڴһ๬𣬶ʱΧĸڸ߿ջϣҳ鹬Ӱһ̣Ӻ󷽷ա
ʱ֣˿ʼᷨӡסǣ
ٿ
ͻȻ
ӰƺҪض£һˣȻתһĵ֮ϣ뵶
˺󣡣
һΧЩǿ߼ĵֹͣΪ֪֮˵ʵѾԶԶԽڣһ䣬ڣΪ档
ȻǿΡ¡
˳
һץһԵ񵶣ʱһֱһ˵ʼϣ뵱նµĵϾҪײһ
ಣ
ٿ䣬ڽֵĺ󷽣ͻȻһȻȻĵˮӰͻȻӿ
ã
Ѿ޷κηӦǰǽغ˵Ľ֣ͻȻӿһ춯صĵеĵڸ֣һģôҲ벻ףΪͻȻôͷҶڳ֡
һǰһԽ룬Լǿߣˣ
ھ˵һУֳܷʤ
Ȼ
Сˣǰ뵱պµײһ𣬻ڣ󷽵ĵڽתһ̣ոͷŷڣٶȻһЩ
ڽϷѹڸ֣һ׹䣬ʼǰͬʱγһɵ籩
ͻͻͻ
һʱ䣬䣬뷶ΧʼΪ棬ݲ֪ٵڵĸ֣˲Ϣ
ÿֲ
νԣԹ塣
ҶȶƯգ·ڣѾΪ˷棬ڣ֮һΪ棬ǴӺɱĵͼìһʵڿֲڵĻ𣬶ͼìɵġ
ڴ˿̣̰ɱ뵶װĺˣⱣն˵ڣͼìһֱƻڸ߿ն·
ƺҪ˵Ľ룬ʩչһС
᲻֣ҶȾͼìĶԷ֮Уͬͼìһ·棬ܼ֪ͼìѡҲκ۵˵ѡ񣬵ҪҪѽĨɱ
ಣ
ҶԤ֮⣬ҲԤ֮С
ͼìĺˣתͷնȥûжԽ룬չɱУ֮ͬǰƻһӪն죬Ȼ䲻⣬˽룬ն졣
ն챻ߣˣͻȻ䣬ͻ֮һڽ˵νʧأľӪĵڣӴ˻һ겻ҪܶϢŻô֣ô޴ĳǳء
ʱˣ
ҶȱʧµϢںϣȻΪ࣬˲Ϣڷ֮ϣ֣Ƿ񰲺ãͼìѾȥǲûѡˮǰռƻ£
ϧҵĵڡ
һ̾ȻҶע£ִӵΧӪȷУδǿߣӷбϢӪȵڸ֣Żع鵽ں󷽣һƬɽ֮С
Ȼв궯ĸϢڸ롣
Ҷȴӿзɽ֮һɽ壬ǵڽأҲǽ뵶ڸ߲㣬ֻĵط
֣
Ҷ£ɽ幬У뼱ٵĴϢ
Ҷһ빬̾ͼ֣ڽ·ٵĴڣһǶ٣һһ٣ͳͳߣһˣǵڵǿߡ
Ҷɨ֮ʣҲͬʱҶȡ
֣λҵͣԼˣϷѪһͷɢȷˡ
ͼìһУȷҪ
Ҷȼ㵱ʲãֶ棬ֻʾ⣬Ȼ͹еؿ룺֣û뵽ӵ֣Ҫƻ֣Ҳɹģ
ûд߶ָƣƺҪȴʲôᣬЦߣҿǵȷôʵʩƻĻᣬȡϧûңҲʧȥ㣬ûңǼˣ޷ƻ


1264 ڴ
ǣͶˣ
Ҷ̵ͷȻ⿴ǰߡ
μƻ˵һĻᣬͼì˶Խֶ֣ûзҾͿԳˣ֮Уѹ£Ϊãڡ
һУڼƻ֮С
ƫƫߣڰбȻҶ˵ƻˣ޷֣Ϊڰжһһ
ٴڿʼѵĸӴԺҪԽ֣̫ˡ
κμƻģгβܰռƻѹ룬õΣԺĻȻࡣ
ţһƣڻָֻѾָҶȣ֣㻹ٻȥ㲻õģŸղ֮£Ѿ𶯾ŵʮ򣬻ƾסģ
ãǾڵڼ
ҶǱҲʾȥ
뿪ڣҶûʩչǧͼص򣬹Ȼ죬뵶ھʹߣȥڲμӻ顣
ҶһһΣҪ̤뵶ڣƾĵǿ߹Ȼ档
뵶ڣλھŵʮ뽮֮У֮дϹŶ򣬳ǳ
˿̣뵶ʹߣƯڵϿգԼˣʢװգŵʮ򣬲ʱһϰ֣ͷߣɼκۡͼì䶯ЩҲвٵϹŶԴԶɵڵʹߣһһǰӭӡ
ķʱʱ뵶ڣʿԳл߶һɱϢ
Ҷȴʮ֣ٵʹǰӭӣԵùޱȣһ·֮ϣҶȻϹŶһһʺѼʹ߽뵶ľɽ֮ۡ
һ޴ɫƯھɽ֮ϣΧԴ
ҶȽ빬֮УѾŵʮ䣬ˣκۡƵ𡢹ȾȵҶȹʮϤ˶ΧһˣȻ˵Ľ롣
λ飬ǴҶȡ롢κ۵˼ƻġ
ûǵļƻⷬӪն죬ڵϢҲûнľۻᡣ
ҶҲԫȴûмգžŵʮ䵽룬ֳ۰ɽһĿÿˣǶٵĴڣΨҶһˡ
ԼʮˣƾҲʹ߹ӭ֮£֮ϣȻʮϹŶδƾҲż˵ȴãмֵ˰죬ƾŴһȣ鿪ʼ
ĵģ
ȿȣ
ͻȻ̲ס˿ȣɱüʮͷĿͳͳһϣƾ˿Ҳƺʧȥ˹⻷Ȼ˻ƾҶ࣬ҲĿ⡣
ټλʱ飬ŴҶһЩ紵ݶ
ƾ˶
ûһ˷񣬾ǽҲòѹסƾ˵ǰһ̣зȻϮڵĵڣɴڻһٵʿ޹ĳΪ꣡
Żƾ˵ֶ꣬һ𺳣ƾ·ľŴϣϣ롢κ֮УһߣͻȻվĿ磬غȵзһͳɱ

˶ȥߣһʱ
һϡ
Ҷȣ
Ҷȴ˿ȻذߣΪˣǾŵ֮һҲŸ֣նĵնɱٵĵʿնʧȥһұۣĹǡ
ȻҲƾҳϵ֧ߡ
Աһ˻֣δҵĻ֣ٽɱ𣡡
ߣ˵ˣ໥ףŭ£һֱŭδΧ·ϹŶû
ΪȻŵʮ䣬ϹŶʵǿȻûʵȨȴмһص䡣
·Ҷȵ굶üͷһ壺굶ǡ¬ơҲһǻƾ֧ߣʵ쳣ǿ󣡡
ǵڷɢ꣬һֱûɰ˷ݣ㱾Ҳ⣬ǵһͳǴƣˣǵڣɽĴϹͥ칬ǲôȥȴ𽥷ɢʧɽУϹͥ칬Ϊɽ޷ҡ˭ҪŵһͳǾǵڵĵˣλڴǴǰǵ÷棬ڵδ֮ϣ
ƾʾ⣬˰ɭɭ˵ÿǿߣвͬ飬ֵ˽ڣƾն죬Ȼǵͼǣڱ֮λ֮ʣűλŵһͳ˻Ȼһ
˷ģֵ֧һͳ·һǹȾڻƾ˵̵֮˱ʾһ
֮Уһƾƺанʲô룺֣ͻ¼ǶǺɷŴҵ棬һ
뿴λ˵ĵ˵֣λ鷢ʵͻأʱбչ֮Уոټڸ߲㣬һδչضãͻȻڹѺնĹУͱһϢһʱ֪ͨи֣Ҳ˴նҪߣˣһͬ߶ڽ磬ȵסȥ·˵ԷһͻȻ֣ԷǶٵĴڣӦڶ٣ʵ£Ϊ˵ڣұضԷ˭֪Էһ֣ҳ֮ʣӺͻȻʩչһ޷ܵͬʱ£ұ㱻أڸ֣󲿷ֶˡһָϢԷִն죬ʧӰ٣뵶ڸʹߣһͬѰҹϢϧ˵ڵĵûκϢֻ֪֮ˣӦöǵڵĶٴڣ

ĸֶ֣ܵΣ
һʱ䣬ϹŶǵڽ˵꣬׷̾ϢŲͬɫ
Ҷ˽ҲϰΧ
ٹ۵ķΧ˵Ҷһڵߣڡڣ޷ס
ҶȰһЦ뵹˵õˮ©ԭԭ˵ˣУǽĵڸֶ֪ʵ࣬ˡúݵĽ룬Լµĸ֣ҲôˣЦǣ𾴵ĵǵ
ƾӪն죬λЩ˹Ȼ֣ǵϣ꣬ɽ罻֮ϣննɱ뵶һʹߣɽϻģ֪ǵ֮£
ԣֵ˼ǵ˼Щ𣡡ɷ˵
ڵɱ֮ʡ
·һϹŶվ˵»Щ֣ն죬ǰСС֣δйͷ󣬶ΣͻȻðôĶٸ֣˵кܶܣն죬һǱץЩ棬پնˣϾŹ£ɱǴЩϹŶ


1265 ŭ
Ŷ
û뵽־£Ϊն죬˶Ҫ޲ðƤϹŶվ棬˵仰
Ҷһź棬̿˵ϹŶˣԫǲǸˣѽӷ֮꣬һһ߳ѩ׺룬ͷҲͻᶼǰ׷
ϹŶǡ
˲䣬Ҷȿʼ춯µУѰ׷ϹŶϢȻҶȾ¶ЦݣԭΪʤһȵջϵϹŶ뵶Ϊ࣬ﵽٵ۷壬Ƚ롢ЩˣʵҪһ֣˵ڵ棬ϹŶΪڵĺ
Ҷ̹յյΪͬڶ٣ʵȴԵĺܣȽһЩҪ߳һ֡
񵶳աʤϹŶڲ٣еģѾ뿪˵ڡ
˵ĺȷҪλȻҪҲɱ޹֮ˣնԼ
ƾʧϵ˵ؿˣͲൽ˽λȥ֮ҪСˣһɧ󣬾ҪѹܹϢ飬а꣬Ǳλʢգڼ䣬λú׼һһ죬Ʊзվƻҵһͳӣһ졭Ҫһµĵδ
ǣ˶̬
ţŻƾȥоͷʼһһ뿪
һϹŶûμӻ飬ȫƾӣ⼸ˡ춯ǰҲע⵽һȥ̽ǣǼһ
Ҷھͷ֮Уûп뽭롢κۡƵ𡢹鿥ͼì䶯Щͷһһڹ֮𣬱Դͬա
Ҷ뿪֮ǰħհнһ󣬰նڴ߸ħҲĶһһҶȣȻҶȲŴ뿪뵶ڡ
֣
Ҫ뵶ʱȻҷɽУϰǿߣͷߣҶȲ⣬͸Ӧ
Ǿŵ֮һ
ҶȣȭˣȷδжԿƾ˼ʱǻƾĸ֮һˣͬѲࡣ
֣δȥҶȺһ䡣
պ֣ģ
֣ͣ£Ҷһ֣Ҽˣˣ˽ʥְն롭ޱ֪һжôˣ
ǱҪնɱģ
룬ҶȻ͸뷨˵ǺɱжҲ֪棬ˮ̫ˡ
ҶȸһɫΣֻ֣Աѣ֪Щ꣬Ұ˶£Щ꣬𽥵ңԶȣЩʵɣҶ룬ǲжĥɱ¿뷨δ֪ˮů֪
˻ȻĬˣ˵̫࣬Ҷⷬ飬ҲŪЩΡ
ʲôˣҺǰʲôݣʲôѣһֶͨΣɨϰնɱ춯Ϊ㣬ңɱ˶ˣЩô壿壬ˣҵߣʱãʱ͡
˵Ҷƺл˵𽥸ֶ˵һ䣺֣Ϸ飬㶼ĺˣܻƾңҶжɵͳ˵ڶ춯ǣ

Ҷ˵꣬ĮȻش˷
ƾƾɱӺ𣿡ĬһᣬҲ뿪
ֻҪһ죬ҶȾʹع鵶
֮󣬾ǻƾλ֮ʣһаʱ䣬Ҫôѽ롢κ۵ͳͳѹΪеĹߣҪôǣƾɱȻٴɱ֮Σڻƾλһ죬ӭһѪܽΣڻһΪһŴһĴһɢԸһδһͳ֮·Ϊһƾ£ʹӴ˽ģ
ڹУҶ춯ԫաࡢ롢κ۵˵Ľ棬ѶԵڵķѣźᣬѾ룬һǿһͳÿͷǻŸ뷨
ԸƾеڵЩ䣬ð취ǹҧЩȻǵڵĺҲûʲôڵģǲ־־ֻҪ紫ȥھͻһոµδ˰ɣκ۵˳ɹʵּƻӦû뽭룬ȥǻеȥһ棬κǰˣ˵Ӧǵģ
Ҷ룬׼ϢһȻʩչǧͼĵؼնһ档

ɽһΪңԶƫƧϵżС
ȥ̫ãƬΪ˷棬ݺᣬΪ˵ĽأϹŵ䣬ĳֳƺר壬Ļҳĳ£ƬϹŷ棬ʣһЩ壬ֲǶһһذճΪһĳʣʮּӲ
ȻϹżȻ̤УѰϹŵı
ಣ
ˣԶ籩з𽥷źںҺĺȺ
һ˵ǰãƺһϹŵͷţ֮˵ǵӦһϹŷ飬鵮죡
һ˻ɻ󣺡ɣֵطû֪ʲôʱϹŷ棬ûУʲôûУôϹż
ȥһңô֪˵ǽ˲˲ʹ뿪ȻģȥѰҡ
ʦϢ֮أǼȻˣɣ
ڴʱһӰת֮ʣǵǰ
һΪǿӰĿΪҪ֪ǶڡڵĴڣɽ磬޵еĴڣ㡢˭
˭
Ӱ𽥱ʵʵĺã˭Ҳ⡭ǴĵӣĪԶǣֶ״ӣĪ
𣿡
ǲǽӽʱڵ𣿡Ƕˡ
Īֶ״ӣҵ˵ȴδˣֶӣǶΪͬˣðǾʹǣ뿪ǣһȵˣҲУΪߣﵽڵĴڣ߳Ӱȭͷ
ʮ㣡
ͣ
ǣӰȴǵһ
ٿ֮䣬߿ͷӰ£ʬ׹ɫ֮УӰת£¶һ㣬ȴӡ
ǣ״ӣĪ
ĪϢӺ䣬·˫Ԫͫ˸ͬĿ⣺ڵĸоǲھͷʲôһƾնɱʮڣʦȻͨҶ̶̲ǧ̤꣬ڣһӵϹŷΪƱ
ĪƸĮϢ䣬Ѿڵǿɽ磬Ѿһͷ
ȥֻһ֮϶ѡ
һͻȻӺͽΪʦѾ˵ӡָ˲ɵ磬Ѿݺ޵֣ΪʦҪһЩʱ䣬ָȫʢڼ䣬ȥֶ죬ǸҶץΪʦҪʣɱڵΪԽնɱȥɣΪʦ̤ϣ͸󣡡
Ҷȣϣ
˵꣬ŭա


1266 նΪ
ĪĺӭصʦԵʵնɱҶȶȡףֶϾɵһţأʦ͵һ
û𣬵һ⣬ӺٿĪ˲ġ
Ϊʦʹٸ֣Ҳκβ㣬ȥɣȲҪֶԿɣƺȥôС޽˵··кĵһ㡣
ǣ
Īת¶Цݣʩչǿ֮٣뿪ĺ磬ɽȥ
ٶȣΪһųǿԪĳշУٶȿȶٸ֡
֮Ȼ棬ʦҪӱһĶٸ֣Ҳϣ
Ī𽥵ؽɽ磬ţһʯշУǰһڲãϵıʯ
ǰ
ԸҶȣҪ֪٣ð·䲻طߣʦڵĴ֮ұȼٶȣʣ뽫һɱȾҪҳҶȵжԵȻ󡭡ֶ죬ĪˣҲǸ˱Ϣ״ӣʦ㡭ϴһ֮ƱػرˣʵΪҵŮ裬Ҳ㣡
㱼䣬Ī뵽һĻʹĳһնģڰ
ʦ㣬ƭˣʵȻﵽڣʲôѩʮ֮һλĪҪõ㣬ҲҪõֶۣͳͳΪҵŮˣ
ֶۣ㲻ϲǵгҪ㣬ԶΪҵŮ裬֪ŮԶҲ޷֮ϣ
ĪǿҵԹʱΪһӰֶԱһա

ϻģ
ɽ֮УҶ򹬵Ҷȣں֮С
ƺս½𵤣Ҷȵͫһգһ£ɽ֮·ںϡ
ٿһٷԶ빬֮УҶֹͣУ̻Ϊ࣬һڹ֮ڡ
֣ѳɹʩƣƭն죬һ֮λΪԴˣκλɣˣ
Ҷٷκ۵ͷų
Щ䣬ȻΪƭ磬ϧԽϣΪνǿЦ
һĨ⣬Ҷ뿪޽֮طȥ
ܿ޽֮أĿĵأϴǴʿͣĴ½һƬ籩
ҶеٶȣϷɹգڼӦ޽֮Ҳޡ
ԼУҶһƬ飬·۵ķ籩ʣϱ籩ɣ
Ҷ̰ٷµܷ꣬籩Уûãһʣʱɵľ޴ʣƯڷ籩ʮأһĸˣַ籩硣
ûʲô̺֮
ҶȽΧʱ侲ظӦһϾ뽭һˣκ۵˵뷨˵Ѱ뽭룬ų⣬޽֮أҪԼ뽭붯֣طѡ
ȷûʲôҶͷϢƬ̼䣬ӰȾϹŶɱ뵶
ҶȻ棬̸䣬ʹҶֱӷ֮С
ʣڲһռ󷨣ʱ䲻깦طҲֻһʱ֮ء
ϢҲ˰˴ǿߣϢûʲôϢռ󣬶ʱǰͲΧ޽֮صĺߣһлвݵĻ԰ڻ԰֮У롢κۡƵͼì䶯졢̰ͷС
Ҷȵ˶վӭ
֣뽭ûвļƻҾʹ˵һ£
Ŵͷκ۵ʲõ˵ӹնӪȻ֮նβɣ˵Ļʮа˾ţǵΪǵ䣬ҲԿƾѻƾƵնܣһİõΪ֮
ûʲôҪ󣿡Ҷ굱ʵ
ͼìȻУϣǴϣʥȻۼĵʿǣ
һǿ䶯һ亮ҪʥȻӦģʥȻύҲǣɣõʥǿƣҲܱ֤ʲôɵƻȫ̼ƻ
һֱδ˵Ľ룬˵նѱǿƣľƻԵΪ׼
κۿˣͳͳֿն˼ѰʥҪۼ֣ƻδı䣬ڻƾλ죬Ƴն죬ŵڣƾ룬ʵƾ濹⣬ѻʯֻǰ뵶ڣһЩ鷳õ֪նѳΪƾţҲ൶ۻֻҪ˲ƾԿĿܣ
ʱһȣôԿƾλգ
Ⱦ쵶ն飬֮ǰƻֻնǣȻԿƾǶڰǯƻƾڣȻ˳ն죬ӵʥôܹڻƾλ죬ȻԿ
ҶڹȾ˵꣬ʮϾһվǾȫ¶һ޷ѻƾƵǲͳΪʸ֮ģ
һſϢĲƵٿȻҶȣ֣ν׳ʳҹݣҪյƾ꣬ƳնΪǵöƣ㵱޷Ƶƾӵն죬նƾôķôǷ֮˳ֻӵóΪˣΪʲô֣㵱޷ƵƾҲ̤ѵĵزƿն죬Ӵ˾ͿڵڣγƾĶԿ棬ڴӴһΪǵ·Ȼǵ˳»ƾòϳЩ
ƻǲ֣ƻУʲôȻζ˵һ仰
κͻȻվߣĽ򣺡֣֣ûд¿Ϊƾλ죬ˣˣն칫ȻԿƾλֵܣƾֲ֮ʱվ֧ն죬Իƾλ޷Чǣ֧ն죬һƾ
ͷ׷ױʾͬǱҪӦϣΧӦ
øӦϣȷǶ뽭룬ƶļƻȫǽˣųӪһǳɹǵλ޶ԣҪڻƾ˵ʽΪǵĵˣʱʱҪΣգκ۵ˣͺ
ҶڰһڵóһбռģͷûΪӡ
˼ţһһ䣬ȻҶȣӾȻĹǣʵѾ𽥱κۡ䶯żá
ۻʮŽҶ뽭뻹Э˼ƻȻʧ˸ȥ
֪뿴óκǵ˼
޽֮ظ߿
Ҷ뿪֮󣬱ʩչʣۻط籩ϿգҪȥն죬Ҫ֪úһ


1267 ۴
Ҷȵãڷ籩мӰɳ
˴Ϣκ۵Ϣ䶯졢Ƶɱ뵶˵Ϣ⼸ӦҪ磬ȥһصľݵ㣬뽭룬޷֪ľݵ㣬ǷնҪЮǣ޳ֶܵΣ
⼸ӰҶȾѸӦʲôˡ
κۡ䶯졢Ƶɱ뵶һһ֣ն룬ڹȾͼḭ̀ƺ뿪ˡ
Ҷȼն죬Ȼӿ죬ϸڼϷʩչߣż˷޽֮Զ
ڼ䣬κ۵ƺҲڷ˸٣ػأǽΣյʱգһУ𽥽һ½
½ҶȵǴ۳ƹӵ޽֮ͼϣ˳һ޽֮ʮͨĴ½ĳҲмһĳǳأǰ½ࡣ
֣ҲûͨǿߣҪ֪κһ𣬽½
٣޽֮أѾϾͷվ޽֮۷Ĵڡ
Ҷȸ漸˽½һǳУһֻϣҲмƺǵڵģʮˣͳͳκΪȻ뿪½޽֮ظߴʱա
޽֮ԽߵʱգѹԽˡ
κ۵ٶȣɵܵӰ졣
Ҷ˵ʩչκѹȣ˲ͱںϣҶȸˣ޽֮صߴѾԿɽľ޴㣬ɵݺݵѹס
ôߵգڻԴﵽκڡڶܣܵҲֻѹȣֻھͷſ˸ߵʱݺᣡ
Ҷһ·٣Ѱն쵥Ļᡣ
һᣬκ۵˾ͽһڰƯʣһɴɵĵ
Ҳϰʷ
λ޽֮ظߴʱյĵɵ磬ͷءеĵطҲҶȵһΣ޽֮أϹŶСĵ
Ѿɵ۷壬Уվɽߴ߼
澹ȻвٵǿϢʮ𣬶١ȻǳǿϢһǿҵΪȻȽ뻹Ҫö࣬춯ǰȣҪһ֣ĵϹŶ
ҶϰԵͷŸӦӦǰǿʣɵĵӦ֮ҶһƬ
ǿߣҶȵǰ
һӵбȽ롢κۻҪǿΪ춯ȣҪһأڵ棬ʵࡣ
һǵ֮ˣϢʮֵأҶȷִϣȻвʮھںϣһ̺ħаȻռı󣬵Ѿס
磬Ҷħ𣬾Ȼˣںͬ
̫ˣʵղһڵǿߣΪ࣬ʵ޽֮ضϾͷ
ɲǼ䣬ҶԥǷҪһ֣ΪǰĵӵƺﵽٵĴڣ־ͷӽ񣬸ӦȻռãﵽŵĵزһСģͻᱻǷ֡
ˣ޽֮һľͷ֡ˣȻ޽֮صľͷôһᱻ۳ƹ֪ʱȥţȥ۳ƹһŽڲãӦǱޣΪ
ҶֹͣŲν֪֪ˣܰսҶ룬һʱᣬǲ뿪ҶȥţҲѡ
ԣҶϴ߶ǧͼ
ٿ
ҶȻһǳâӵǰʧˣ޽֮صĸߴʱգ˵Ľأϵط·ŲƬ֮ѣҶȾͳһƯ޽֮յĺɽ
ţ
޽֮صɣԽɵκŴڡ
ҶͷųһٷƯŽ֮ʱգٷΪһ⣬˲ͷ󷨡
ˣ
һĴ֮ŵĽбκνƣţᱻ
Լʱһ޵ӰһԵһۣҶȵǰ̤ڣʵﵽڵ۳ƹӡ
Ҷȭ۳磬ϲ̤ڣΪͷ
Ǻǣͻڣʱ⣬޽֮һ֣ǰᵽĸ֣̤ڣ֮Уĩ㲻ˣ֪ħӣʵǿ̫̫࣬࣡
۳ƹȻ˵ȻҪҶȽţ֪Ҷҡҡͷ۳ƹӾɻˣôֵˣ
ҶҲֱ˵ĳϣţ۳磬С㣬Ϊͷ޽֮أӦöǾͷ̾޽֮صĸߴʱգǴŻΪҵĵˣǰҴ磬ѯ˵ݱ
Ŷ
۳ƹӵѹƵһĲҶȿеͷҶΪƺ䣬Ѵﵽֵĵز˵䣬ҶȵĿɫУȫһ˿ľ벻
Ǿǿߣӵеȡ
һ̣۳ƹӾȻоԼҶȣ·˲࣬ȫת䡣
Ŷ꣡
۳ƹӵľԭ
ҶȽŵͷӦ޽֮źͷһˣӦóԵڣǵڵǰΪﵽٵĴڣһˣΪ࣬رƺںϸֵĲͬ纣ɰٴ
ڵľͷ
۳ƹӵϣһθ־죬룺еУ޽֮أǰеڵǿ֣߳ںˣΪû˺ܶ꣬ǰǿߣ䣬񣬵ֻһֵԣˣӦԵڵϹŶӮʡһΪŴﵽٵĸ߶ȣĪ⣬һʵԽڣվٸ߶ȣ޽֮أȷһʿͷҵаտԿ϶ҪȷЩѣڶҾͲ֪ˣˣҸ֪ģֵãҵʦ۴ɸոջصţΪӽҵǿʦ𣡡
Ǿ鷳磬ǿߵ꣬꣬۴ǰ϶֪ݣ
ҶϰѵڵλãΪ۳ƹӡ
۳ƹӽӹ̼֮ϼӡȻҶתţʱͷųٷ
ȴϢʱҶ۳ƹߣٴףص磬ǰҸպȥɽ磬ľС㡢ȸʦ㡢ө뺫ѩӣ֪ڣϲ磡
ľС㣬֮ǰɽ٣΢Щɽ֮󣬱һֱǱޣĲһ㣬ҲҪȥ޽֮ʱΪѾ޷ˣ۳ƹЩиŵ˵
СܸոͻڣڣϣڲǾͷĿʼҶȵӦ
ಣ
ո˵ꡣ
һ̣һصͨȻֱӴŷһ澵ӣƯҶ۳ƹӵǰ
֮ͨУȻһɵߡ
ţһۣЩˣƤûƣһĹ⻬ĳٲһ΢΢ﶯ
˫ۣǹ⣬һԡĸо
ǰûκεƣϢ·ȻںϣѾﵽ˺һһһȻɶ
ʦ𣡣
۳ƹӵ£
ˣȻŵĵߡ
˵еģ۴ɣ


1268 ڱϹŶӮ
۴ɣ
Ҷһû뵽־ͷȻͻأسǰҶϹӭֶӣҶȣǰ
ֶ۵ĵӣ
ͨڵߣ۴ɡ
˫üչҶԱȻһĨЦݣھ֮࣬¶һЦݡ
Ƿɣˡ
ƺֶʶһ㡣
۴һֱҶȣþò˵ϷֶѣȻǺϤҲʱʱһ棬û뵽µĵ֮УӵôһͻȻðĵӣڵΪ̺صϢԵϢ

ֻһҶȷ·ͻصһμֶӰʱ̣ʱֶҲ׾ٿҶȵܡ
۴һ㡣
ֶȴ۴ɿøϸ
۴ɼȻֶϤǾ͸ð£ֶ޽֮أҲвӰֻǶݵ죬ҶѾõõϢ
۴ϻָɵɫ˵СӣˣΪӮʣǰڵѹڣô꣬һֱ̾޽֮أﵽٵΪ޽֮أ쵱
ȻǴôõĴڣǱǵգҪеľЩʵȻҲȶٵĵգҪǿ࣡
ȻɫһҶȺȻо飬һӮʡͽΰնصڴȨļƻҪˡ
ڵڶǿߡ
۴ɼ˵ֻϣҲһɻ󣺡ݵʮֿ϶Ͼ̤٣ӽ񣬶ڵãѾﵽǰ߶ȣںаħҲʲô£С㿴
˵꣬۴ɶʱģģĹɻ棬һǿҵģɻ΢Ļ棬ħаĲͬ棬Ĺɻ㼯һ𣬾Ȼ໥ֻ΢΢ų⡣
ɼ۴ɵΪͨô춯ء
ǰͨҶͶء
ʦ𣡡۳ƹƺһμ۴ͨ
СӣݵȻϷںϸ⣬˵˲һĴڣ޽֮أֻһһ㣬ǧҪΪУΪ޽֮أǸʮ׺ݵֶۣҲ֣
۴ɵɫͻȻϾҶȣ֣صصΪԪаʡΪﵽ٣Ȼûдﵽٵ۷壬Ѿ޽֮أپͷѹľͷûӣĺ޳֪նɱٵǿߣɶǿߵ
Ԫаʣ
һ֣ҶȾ֪ˣǸʣǰ
Сӣһʣһ֪Ԫаʴ˵ͨ
Ͼɫ۴ɣͻȻ¶һͣ˲֪ʲôڣʲôʲôųҲӰ죬Ϊ޽֮صľͷУϷҲֻɰգնɱѣ

û뵽κ۵ˣðһӮԪаʣٵĴڡ
Ҷ۴棬֪ɹٵĴڣԼ춯̾
۴ɣѾӽ۷壬ﵽʵ־ͷҪﵽ˹ǰ߶ȡ
лǰָԽͲ߶ǰǰָ̣
۳磬ǣ
Ҷ϶ʩ񣬶ʱʩչԪԴﵽڵٶȣǿǰӶȥ
ֶ˺õӣ꣬ûˣ۴ɿǰͷ΢΢һ̾
۳ƹӵʦҶȣȷ׿Խ棬һ꣬Ӽżŵɣһ̤ڣ
ɳ֮죬˵ص˼߱˳ɳΪͷκ۳ƣҪӿУѾ㣬ڣΪʦĳʵѾﵽڵĵزˣϱȻоܣֶ۵ıһɵǣ
ʦֶΪΣ
ֶ۵ΪǺǣ˵ҲʣΪΪʦֻ֣δʩչȫֶʮأһŮӲ꣬ɵ磬δ͸ʵЩֶ꣬ϵάֵĲҶȵĹϵΪͬ˲⣬ɵֲٷ칬еħûʲôֱ𣬵ӶԴɵƽʱѾδǷƮҡţҲҪķǻȥɣ
۴ɸд˵һȻ󻺻һ֣ʹ۳ƹӣһͬͨʧڸ߿֮С
޽֮ظߴʱգصĵ֮⡣
Ҷȴǹֻ֮߳Ǽִţκ۵˽ص֮⡣
ӮʡԪаʣ
ҶȰһЦʵȻǵİٷ֮һǸȴǿ⣬Խǡ
Ҷƣӵߡߡǧͼ̷صͨ
ԣ¶ǿߣǰҲһ˿ɵ
ಣ
ż֮ģҶʩչԪԴϴǧͼıҶȿʼδʩչʡ
ʱϾ̫𺳣Ǳ¶Ҷ˵֪٣ְͬľͷ
ŶԪаʣϢ˿ʱ뿪˵ֻӮʣκ۵ˣ
ԽҶȵԽ΢𽥿ɴ󲿷̵ּʯʣɣⲿȥһԲʯʣϸϸһӦӵǿϢ
ھжʮ𣬻˵κЩǿߡ
һڴ۶ûС
ڵڵĴڡ
ҶˣڵʿֻڵͨǿߣڣڵǿߣȴΪӴ֪жۺ
Ҷ߶ǧͼ׵ؿ̵ĵǵȻǧͼӵǿҵľԴԿԱҶȸףκȻڴǧͼ£ҶѾһ󷨣ڡ
ʱҶȲٿ룬ֻݷڵڴȻͷžԴںϴ󣬿ʼſƱԴͷŸӦ
ʱسҶȵǰ
ԼʮڵڵǿߣڵڲͬʱУмİĶٸ֣Ȼڵ븽ҶȸӦնƵɱ뵶𣬱ն죬ڿռС
ڵ룬һϵĹڣκ䶯죬һǿ߾ۼһҶȸӦУһһˣĿ࣬ɼô޴
ˣʾǵˣӮʣ
ǿ̫ǿˣ롢䶯죬ǿʮֹӮǰֻֲ࣬Ӯʴˣ̾ʱС춯ǰ˵ĲܴӶ̤ٵģǲľ
Ӧ֮УӮʣҶȴĵ𺳣޷ݣ־ͷûпϢٵĴڣû˸ȥ
ֲ۴ɣ˵գնɱԪаʣӮʴʵӦԪаʲ࡭
Ҷȸоôƣն̤뵶һ̣κθֶˣڵڣִڵٵĲ˼ڡ
֮УȻҶȡơնһɱ֮á


1269 Ԫаʵǿֶ
Ӯʲɽͷ޷ҡ޽֮ص۷壬̾
ҶƬҲҴ⣬ƺһѵĵزһģͻᱻӮ֡
칬Ƕ۾ѩǬ˹߾ϼؽ౦ۣٵɾһۡʥĿǵڵĽ롢κۡƾ춯ԼӮʡԪаʣ۴ɡ
νͷԭɽ綼СඣϰˣͷӮʡԪаʡ۴ɡۡ˹ЩǿͷҶվ˾˵Ľ£
һӦϸܵӮʵǿ󣬶Ҷȴ͸
һ̤ɽ磬ӵǶ۾ȻֶţӮʣҶȲǵǸɣɣڣ˾˵Ľ£ʲôʱҪվھ˵ļ򣬾Ͳö֪
˵Ĳ࣬ʮǧ
ϾѾߣ
κ۵ӮʣŴ磬ΪӮվǿƣһͳڡ
Ӧ֮䣬Ҷ˼άȻڼٵת
ץסĶӡ
Ǳ˼գȻӵڲһУӮʵĳЦ
䶯ΨΨŵŵ𣺡ǰڲû㣬ĵڣѾûٸ֣Щĵ֮⣬ǻƾӵгԽٵ֪ǰ걻ǵҪһͳʱԸӮǰع鵶ڣ
һع飿ǿ֪굶ζҵģζҵģҳΪڵʸ֮ģ֮ǵ裬˵һصڣƾһ䣿
ӮһЦһԳƶڵĪԹ
κ۵Щ䣬ն죬ڿѡ˳ǰصڣΪϳϣһͳڣѵ˳µ𣿡

ԣӮʰκ۵ˣն죬֮Աǣνڱǰ϶ǣƾǣǲҪΪЩ޽֮ߣչǣΪͬΪڵϣʵʵʥｻǿԴʥع鵶ڣնκ궯嵶ڣ
ԭʲôӮʻõԪ񵶣ӵиǿҲǸΨͼļһѣ
һԻҶ˫⣬һӮʰԼ󷽣һȴõԪ񵶡
һȺǱѡ
Ӯ˵ˣôģǶѴնϷѵǻʲô뷨뷨Ϸ͸ȻñƷǸʲôƾǾͱʥｻϷǷģ֮λϷѾʧȥȤﵽϷ־磬ѷĶȷҹҹһͳڣ
κ۽ŵǰĿǰֻʥһݣھŵʮһλΪУеʥǾ֮ӡɣһǰǿн⿪뽭ͻӦʱǰץסǣҲޱȣ
Ͳĵ£óɣֻϷΪʥع鵶ڣκѡҲǱΪһŬ
ǣ
˲Ϣ䣬ҶȾ͸ӦϤϢκۡ䶯ͷŷӡһһɳ
󣬱Ӯƿأ
ȥϢúöԴǵת˵ϷԸһ֮ȣӮʵõԪ񵶣ϾͶԼ´
κ䶯칪뿪ظҲȥ
Ҷ׼ȥնʱһϤȴİϢֹӿֶ
ҶȶʱסǾѣǸӰ֪ʲôʱͽˣ޷ӦԪаʣ
ǿϢЦӮ֣ղžǿԪ񵶣ȷһ㲻˵ںϣŻݶѣܰ񣿡
ӮƽĵȻУһݣڵһϣǵߣҪΪֻпԪ񵶲аսӵаҲǽÿԪ񵶳ɹģ
ӮֵԪһæίȥڣǸν࣬ץնɱˣõĿԪ񵶣Ȼ֣ǿɿǿԿ칬
Ϊֵõڣõڣ칬ԿԪаЦ
Щĵ棬ҺҲᣬûЩ棬ھûʵ칬⣬Ԫ֣ǰҶÿԪ񵶣ǿȥͶϹͥѡ׷㣬ְ㣬ȻҲǵĵˣֻҪҳɾͰǿϹ̤ͥüɵ칬
ãҾ͵Ӯ仰ɱСආʲô
Ԫ֣ҳΪһ취Ϊ񣡡
ǾͰǸϢϢң϶½ȥڣôҪҪ˳㣬Ǹڵʲôնɱˣ
Ԫ˾ģֻ˵лл
ҹϵ˿𣿡ԪаʰԵһЦʱӮʽ֮У棬ѾҶȲȥӦĽ
ˣ
Ҷȶʱһ߶ԴԪ˲Ϣ뿪ƯϷһֱ
Ϊû뵽κۻ䶯ˣӮµľͷ˵٣һ٣ơնԿ⡣
ӮʸֱԪа½磬ȥնɱؿԪ񵶣
ԪаٵĴڣƺ칬ʲôǣǿߣҶȽ棬һͷնɱҶȡ
Ǻã
Ҷһͷݣôûãͷ֮ǰŬ׷ˣҪס࣬ն죬뽭롢κۡƾҶͻپ޴в
Σգ
ø
ٿ֮䣬Ҷȸո뿪ӮʵʱһϤİȻҶȵĺƻҶȡ
ҶȶʱȻֹ͵ת;ؼͷӰպվǰǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳ
ȻҶûԼԿ϶ˣӮԪаʵ
һӵɡİȻӮʡ
һһͳа̣аЦݣӹӣаȻʣ˱ӵйͨԪаʡ
ӮҶһƺδйļ䣬㿴һԪаʣʵ
ģֻһɢޣⴳƬѣպµĵ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȱǿǿߡ
ڵΪѵΪӦģȻһֱҵΧ޷ӣ¾ʱס°ɣԺȣӮƺҪˡ
̷
ܵǿ֣߳һ֣ûκλᡣ
ңҶҲͷǰ¶ԼӵߵӲھʩչǧͼǴ߶̷䲻ҷһǿ
ŵζҵõһʱʱ̷̿칬𣿡
ԪаͻȻһԭزˡ
ǰңԶա
Ҷȴ߶̷ĻߣڻշУͻȻǰͳԪаʵӰаЦСӣɵΧеֻҪ΢΢Ĵ֣ᷢӲ˵ģ


1270 ۣ
ԪаͨޱߣԭӮʷҵģԪаʣ۴ԣóȻףӮʣӦҵϢ
ҶһΪԪаʣ۴־ͷһԼԦԭ
˵ȷһ

ֻһ֣ԪаʵĿеʱһһӰֱ˺ʣҶȶ
޷򣡡
ҶȼæƬռ䣬ʩչ޷򣬵ԪаĹӰԻһɱʱҶȶʱתռԼ˳ȥ
ٵֱ˺Ҷȵ޷򣬼㷨Ҳ޷ٵĶ֡
ͣ
Ҷ³һѪȻȫľʧȥо
ٵֻһ𣬾Ȼҵ޷ˣ
ҶΪԽ޷ԪаʵĹȻٴ߶̷һᣬҸطʩչǧͼȥ
ڣһжٵ£ΪӰ
ֻʩչǧͼˣҶȴʱ޷ԦΪˣʧȥ˸Ӧһɵۣ⹥˵ٸ֡
Ԫ֣˾ȻܿסƣڵϣףΪܿҵĵԭ˲Ŀռ䷨ͨ
ʱӮʳҶȵĺһԪаʣһǰһȫҶӳһ˿ᡣ
ǣΪҶȾΪ
벻Ҷ֮ԣڵΪǣЩһΪЩͷ޷
ٿ
ǧһ֮ʡ
Ҷڴ߶ǧͼʹ뿪ΧɱĿռʱһӰͻȻҶߣһİϤϢʱסֱۣô˲䣬ҶȾʱ߶ǧͼ
Ϊˣ϶ԼϤˡ
Ͳٱ¶Լܡ

Ҷȸо˲һ㣬ԪаӮʰе룬Ծ˳ȥͷһ
Ҷתһ޷ŵˣȻͻأĳˣΪǰǸŮӣһ۵Ůӡ
ξҲѩǿΪֻһܡ
ֶۣ
ৣ
ͬʱԪаӮ׷ɱһһңҶֶ롣
Ӯ𾪡ĴֶۣŮӣ
ϧֶһֱ棬ܿ͸
Ԫаʵô࣬ŮΪɲ⣬ϢκӦӮ֣ο޷ѹסϢҪˣ
ͷ棬׼ּ䣬ҶȴĬˣ֪κ鶼ҪΪֶۡ
ˣһжȥ
ˣҶҲãʶֶʵ
ɽκγһʵʮǿģԪаӮʣȻ΢
һŮţΪɽ꣬ѵûԭ
żȻżȻ
ۿ֣׵ĶҪչʱֶȴĮȻ·䣬˵Ҷ֣ûʸ񣡣
ԪаһҲţŮӣᳬԽӣһЦ跴ݵĲ񣡣
񣿡
ֶۻؿԪаʣҵĵӣҪɱܣԪаʣҪΪܣֻ칬ֶ֪Կ칬ǿߣҲĨɱ㣬ӮʣǺúʡЩԸ칬ɣǣɲ㣬ܣһֱҪģ
㾿˭Ԫаڱɫ
˭Ժ֪ģԪаʣҵĵӣ˺ģһѵ治֪ҪԿ칬㶼֪ĸ߶ȣ㻹ȥԿ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȸоһ䣬һ
Ϊֶܵ޵ϢͻȻ˷Ӧת۾ͼһĻ޷ǵһĻ
ֶֻ΢΢һָ֣һץԪаڵĿռ䣬ȫˣԪаʹţһͷͬƵģûлᡣ
ǰŹһ
ӮͻȻһһĻʱʧֶ۹ʾ޳Ͽҡ
ԪаʣӮʣҵҿԸǣҲǷ칬ĴڣԣҲΪǣҵĵӣùԶ㣬ңҪŽңȥεأҶ׷ǵϢ
ֳֶۣԽԪаʡӮ̫İƣȴһƵ·ͿЩ£Щ¡
˵ֵһᡣ
ָһɣԪаʱʹнȳȻֶҶȣȴͷʱʧ
û뵽ݺ޽֮ضֻ꣬칬ϹͥУԹͷ˭֪һŮϣԪаһаòΪķģ־ǸŮӣͻȻɱ
ʵ
Ӯȴһֱڲ²⣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôԪаʣҲǳԽǵĴڣһжѣұ޷⣬ˣŮݣĪǡֶֶۣ
ֶۣҴδ޽֮أʱʱжţ½һŵ䣬ΪΪѳЩŵ䣬ֶۣܣԪа޷š
ǻǻȥ˵ֻҿԷģӦò칬ҵϢ
Ӯ˿ͷͻȻϧģһһתȥ
ԶĻգ
Ӱһһ꣬һǱͷŮӡ
Ҷֶۡ
ʱһŵ䣬Ȼ뵱һĵӣȻȼվͬ߶ȡ
ֶۺȻʵҶȣӦûʲô󰭰ɣ
˵ĺأö೤ʱ䣬ӾͻȬлʦʱȣҶȴʱޱϵл
һɣһ估ʱͦȡ
ԣԵĸлֶۣԽ
ֻҪҶйˮ֮ˣҶȶԵѣοֶðΣգڹؼʱأ
ԪаӮʣɵϾͷٵĴڣ٣Ѿɵ磬ûʲôסǵģǵʹȻַһʩչ㶼ûзĻᣡֶ۵˵
ӣˣҶȻھε
ֶۺȻת棬΢΢˫µգ֪ǺǾһ㣬ģĸûаյ£Ҳ֣ҲܴͷУȻӳ죬֮ǰиѣȻ۴˵㣬Ҳ֪ΪȻɱ䵽ĳ̶ȣ
Ҷ΢΢һ۴ǰ֮ǰȥҹŵ۳ƹӣΪ˴ԪаӮʣʦͨû뵽˾ҵڣѣ
ͨ˵ٶȣţ治öãܴﵽ߶ȣ۴֮Уѵõһų֮ĵľͷߵĽֶ޺
ǴʦõףΪԽǿ󣬾ԽҪΪȥеԵ񴦴ʼΪδౡ֮
ʵౡ֮
ֶ۵ѵõ٩Ҷһ䣬ҶȵǾֶ۱İǸһŮӣ½ţʵĴʦ㣬һЩ⣬ûȼ磬ĳɳԽ˵ڴԤϣңûɳ֮죬дʵҲҵԤ֮У


1271 ֶ۵ĶԻ
ֶ˵ڵ㣬ѾţȱٵмҪܵΣҲʽʼֻһ·ˣǴһķ򣬵ѡ񣬾Լȥ˴Īһ
Ī
Ҷû뵽ֶۣһŵĵӡ
ȷǸʦĪҲδһ£飬ɼ˭Ҳ޷ƿأţ˭Ҳ뵽㣬ᳬԽͬڵˣԼеţңҲδ뵽нĳɾͣҶȣⷬʵʸҶԻ⣬Ȼҵ⣬ҲҪúûش𣬵ȻشҲǿ㣡ֶһ仰ô⣬Ҷ֮һֱ֮С
Ҷסڣʵվ߶ȣֶ۶Իˡ
ʩʦʣ
Ī£ôģֶۿʼʻˡ
Ҷһᡣ
ʼ뵽Īһͬħż֤ĪһҵḶ́Ȼ󣬿ֶۣôģʱۼ֤ĪΪ˴֮Ϊ˴һңһԪңʱҺܶŭԸԼԪң⣬˵ֻһη񶨣ʦ˵ĺ˶ԼѡĻɣѡˣֻףԽԽԶ
Ȼᣬ棡
ֶ꣬εһ̾磬ɣֻ֧ˣڷĻʵۣѡѡŴƣҶȣЩڻףδ׵ģ޷ٽʲôδо鴫ڣҵһҵľû˿ᣬز˵㣬̫ᣬ̫棬ƣҲ棬ʱҵᣬƻ֧飬ļ̤ϣɵУһܵ촫Ҳ֪᲻㣬ϣ㣡
ӡģҶѾ޻˵
뾭ҶԶ޷ֶۣЩϹŶȵģһȣ̫ᣬ̫档
οǣֶ۲ͬˣѡĿռ䡣
ᾲһԣѿϵ׳ɳ
ΪˣҶЩΪĪϧȻǿޱȣδؾֶǡ
ϣõĴУϢ£ȴһ󺣣Ҳ޷͸㣬𽥱ǿδɵ磬һһѪȷ磬ֶҪڷУʮֲףĵӺأһֱǱڵɣֶͻȻһҶ붼벻⡣
ͬʱҶԺҲðһʺţǾֶô֪һֱǱڵģ
ΣҶȻǵͷ
ɵšУģԶֶǿܼ֮ĹͨҲΪţ˴󹦣ҸоһɲϢ½˸ֲˣ֪֮УʲôͬţһЩأ
ޱδȥעټţʦͽ̣
ֵֶǷݲϢһħͬϢҸӦ뿪ȥѰңϧϢƺʮָķӡӡΪʦҲ޷ô֮Уһҳɵ֮£ϾͻصɽţҳϸӦĲƺֶ죬żвĿܣˣ˽ܣұ㲻ٹʣк⣿
ħͬ壿ô˴ڣ
Ҷһ֮УһЩ֮ˣҶ룬ֶʵʦΪ칬Կ꣬칬Ƕţ𣿡
⣬Ҳܻش㣬ҽ֪⣬Ҳܸ㣬Ϊ£֪ģֶ۵ͷٻش
ҶʣʦʲôΪʦʲôΪ
⣬ֶû˿ìܣشʦΪڣʵ࣬ƺõʲôӵһʦܣҲ޷ȥ֪һͷжٵΪʦΪӦòµõΪͻ֪ҵΪ
Ҷ˼һᣬʣʱţɽд·ʦƺ칬ԼɽƷǳ˽⣬ӦЩʲô
Լǿ󣡡
⣬ֶɫָĮֻбǿ󣬶ʵ⣬еɻ󣬽ͳͳǰ֣Ҫǿ󣡡
ǣҶȶʱʩ
ûˣֶ۹һ䡣
Ҷֱ˵صͷûˣȻʦ˵ǿ᲻ʶ⣬ǵδһ죬ӻᶴϤеһУʶˣҲڰʣ
Ϊʦȥˣ޽֮غܴвͬʱգеĿռ仹ǳ֮󣬵֮²ôҲɳһξ֮´֮ȥΪΪʦҳǸĵӣȻʦ㣬úΪžľԴԽǿ󣬻ᵮĵӣŵĸЩмϣǺܺ嫵ģͨŵرȫ棬ﵽڣΪʦ㣬ʱʵѾﵽ٣ӽ񣬳ΪͷҲʸ̤޽֮أԪаʡӮ־ͷ濹ʱ̣˽£ԼδĴ㣬ҲʣֻҪΪ££Ҷʣȥ㣬Լ㣬Żɳø죬Ϊʦ㣬ٳɳɣҪҪΪʦȴ̫ã
̫á
һζĻֶ۵ʱҶܵдҶҲоֶ۵ǿȻѾԽ۴ɡ
һֶ̣۲ˡ
ĻһֱҶԺصš
ÿ˶ڳɳһҪؼУӭһָ֮·Զ
ʣֶγ֣Ҷ˵̫ʱˣ֣Լļƻ뷨̫ż̫С
ҪɵľͷһһǿһһѲҶӵޱߵǬԪаҲУľͷС
ԣֻɳʸͷǽĵ̡
һζؽôǧͼͷһУһûеôҶȻеʱӽӮʵĵ
ϧûʶۣԪаʣʲôܣΪʲô칬
ҶȻعϸػζԪаӮʵĶԻղֶ۵ȥڼһС
𽥵طҶȾԽָõļֵ
ϧ칬ԸԪаӮʣöԸǵķӡ
Ҷȿʼ߶ǧͼͻصϻģ֮С
УҶȿʼָʵ
칬ԿԪаӮʣȻͷΪֶ۸֪칬
ֶ죬ǽǾ޴Ĵ
ȻҪɱңҾͲԴУʱ䣬ȵûָƣȻ취ԪаʡӮͷԿҳƣ
ٵǿߣͽɲЦ
ҲȳΪκ۵ҪԸˣðⳡ£ת޹ȥֱûƾȥĴУ
롣
Ҷϴ߶䣬ӵķʼռ䣬ָơ


1272 թ
һӰ𽥴ӻļŵգ뵶ء
Ӱ˲Ϣͷ뵶ʥɽһ֮УȻﵽϷո̤빬ҶȵڴƣĿǼʱ
ٺ٣
Ӱǳħ
Ϊģ󷽷Ծ빬һڹϷһҶȴݴ߳ڹھ
ֻգԪаɵˣҶϿֺۼգھռ꣬Ҷƻָ
һܶԻ֮󣬳ħ¶һ֮ɫϴû뵽ֶŮˣʵǿһ棬㽫ԪаǿƷ˺գŮ̫˰ɣ
Ϊ޷Ӧ뿴͸֪٣Ǵеİ֮ز¶˶ֶһ֪ԪаʣŹңʵ⣡Ҷ˵еѴҲٻħҪԭ
ζԸٵĴڣԪаʣ
ħﵽԲʵѾݺκǿߣ˶ٸ⣬ӵǿʵǰ£Ŀ⿴ĸңԶĻʵӹɵģϴҾʩչĶֻ֣ͷǯǣϴķӣûƾԸԪаʣĵڣѾطֳɣӵնֵģӵƾģֻһڰһѣֻϴλƾɳɱϴ󣬿Ҫƾίߣף
γƵûǰǸɱģ
ֻǼ仰ҶȾѷֳħһЩ仯ǰǷȻıԣ񣬶һ˼Ƕѡ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷȵɫ·õʲôͷţҰһݿԪ񵶣ƾ
Ǿʧȥ񵶣ûƾȴܱ֤ƾܲȡ㣬ն֡
ħ˫˲γƣҲýݿԪ񵶣ӮУһݣҲҪǵƿأʱǶӮʣǻƾѾûκʸ棬ʧȥ˱Ǯ
³ƵĻû˵ףʱΪʧȥԪ񵶣ϴӮ֣֮ͬʱʧȥ˴ʥⲻǡ̤뵶ڣеŬһӴԭ㣿
⻹µģڻƾӮʡκ˫ѵҲ޷õΣҪϣեȡãڳΣ
ϸһ˼ҶԺľ̾š
ķչ̫ͻأ䡣
̤뵶ʱơնһ׳־һռƻеõԪ񵶣ϰĺնɱ࣬һνɹǰڡ
Ҷ¶һãͻȻĿڳħϣƣǲǡ̫ᣬ̫ˣ
ϴҵ£һҲнˣУδֹˣǾӦñᣬν棬ϴӦó´ͷ֮ľģɱ칬ڣ칬Ტ嫵񷣬Բ𣿡
ʱ˿̣ħʱһˣûκħԣеĵ塣
ҶһЦħȻˣպ˵Уʵ뷨ܡ
һʲô
ڷ磬һƵ޴̫λ档
ҶǷǣϤļᶨ⣺Ǿͼֱǰڲһѵĵزн룬ҵðΣźţ֪Ȼ˵˱ҲʲôҲǸδ֪
գȻʧħһſ񣺡ϴڿԪ񵶣ǲܽƾУǯǵĶڣʳѰʧȥǾٲά裡
ţȻȥȥҽ룬ѳΪ֮񣬼һɿ𣬴һ֪Ϊκۡ䶯˵̤ʯ϶ñף
ҶȾħݱͱưȫ뿪֮ҶһϢ߶ǧͼ뷢һٷ
ˮǧɽ֮ĵڣ
һУڱչأһٷѣٷ¶һü߳գʮ֡
УҶƯţȥ˷Ծϴ߶һ뽭֮жʱ档
뼱ʵ֣£żң
֡㣬Ϊɱ֮ҶȲѡżɽԭ򣬵˵
ɱ֮
Ȼһţžʵ֣ôɱ֮򣡡
ҶźеĿֻŵҲ޷ȫңѽһҲҪģ˵Ҳһ
ôһ£ѵƻй¶ƾѵ֪¡Ҷ⸱ֹɫɵ
Ҷҡҡͷ̾ǻƾ֪£֮ǰĵģѾʵκ䶯ˣѰҵӣǵõڵ̤ʯն죬Ͷǵڵ꣬ڵһ޵ϹŶѾǶԣֻʣ¿ԪΪ̣ϣǵһ϶֣ǼƻʼٸߣȻҲŹ㣡
⡭ѵѵͶĶǣΪӮʡϹŶʱľһ㡣
ӮʣԭһΪԼԦκ۵ˣû뵽ȴá
ӮʵʵŴﵽٵĴڣΪԵڵĴȨ˼
ҪĲǵڣʥƺõʥʥͻưڴʱʱ̿ɵٸ֣һУͿԽնɱ
Ӯʡɶ񣬿ɶκۡ䶯졢Ƶ𡢹Ⱦͼḭ̀ɱ뵶𡭡ˣһҪȡǣ߹ҷˮ
볹׷ŭˣҶȣҲδ⸱ٶϾﵽ٣ѾһϹŶ
ϹŶӵֿı֡
˵Ӿ֮񣬱üΪǶߵĵز
νޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣ֣ҵҲֻԹҶȲԸ̾һ䣬¶εɫ
뿪
һ̣ҶȴģŽأ
֣汻Ӯɱõǽ촦ݺͿʼ̤һѣӶߣ빬Ǻúһ
̴Ҷȣ뵶ڸ֣뵶ڽ硣
С
ո£ҶȿƱţңģ侲ģŽкΰ취ԸӮͷ
֣˼ȥ취ǲ࣬ΨһʱȫҲҶ֣ɵķӣֻһ˺ܾãڹ֮ϣĺȻ֮䣬ƺ뵽ʲô÷ӣʮؿҶȡ
ҶȲ֣뽲
ǼȻҪ󲿷Ϊʥβǵһǵĺ£Ҫõ硭ʱʧȥ䣡
ʧȥ䣿
ԣ취ǡ֣㣬թ䣬ɱ˵
թ
Ҷ͵һи𾪣ȻǶȣѵİ취ˣʱžֶ۵һе
ЩϹŶʵ£ǵļı뾭飬ӸĪ⡣


1273 İ취
թ֣θ
Ҷ˿ϵľмС
Ҫý볹Ͷ·ƽƿʵǣƿ˽룬ʱ̿ԿơԸͷ
ܿƽ룬ҶȿԽӳڤǿٸֿ⣬Ӧò¡
ֻǣҶĿǰߵһֻܼвУý
ûǣʾģ
˵ܼ򵥣ҵͣ͵Ϯ򣬾ϴΣ͵ϮҾնֻ࣬ǲȷţǷƾκ˫ǸӮʣ޷ҵ㣬Ͳȫȫκ۵ˣ٣Ҳ㣬ͻ뵽ҵϣһǶҾͲ֣ΪҺߵӦòµõʧһĹϵֻҪﲻϣʱǰȫģ˭õڴȨ˵ѲҪҪģ
жٵǿߣҶһ𺳡
ȻΪߣȻż֣㲻õģֻҪʱڵһϢͻͺã㱾ҲҪҵĵڣҸطʱ̵ȴҵϢ
취թһ
Ӣ죬Ϊ˱ȫԼ˴ʲô֣һɹѹأǾɽۻһȡڴȨ׶ҳ֣Ϊ֪һ䣬һһͳҾͱͶʤһձȫ֮λ

ҶȳĬˣģ֮λʮֲᡣ
ڳЦ룬ΪȨ߻һУȴû뵽ˮһգ󲻵в֮λ޷Ǽ֥飬ϡ
ʱˣ֣㻹ʲôݣϧμƻáڲЩˣǴ˵еӮʣϵ֪ϢǺֲãϴƾն죬͵ϮʱмƻΧɱû֣ԭӮ֣֮ҡ
Ҷһģȴûз취ȻҪý취ǵУȻչڴˣ֣ȫԴУװ׿Ĺʵ˰װժȡ뷨ӣ˫òô̵ܾ֮ʣɱѹǣõô
Ŀǰֻаλʵʵһȴû˰취
ǿҵӮʣƾҲ֧֣ҾͲҵʲô֧ǣ֣úһ룬ѵǾװ׷ֻҪŬһ£ڴȨ֮ĸԸƽλܱұǵʱƿصĺã
취
Ĭˣ
ҶȼͼӴףǲģҲôҲ֪ҽһ٣ʮ£򣬾뵶ڵʹߣΪеҲҸ߳٣߸ûʲôٸֻ֣ͣ̽
ͻȻ˼Уع޾ϲһΪҶȣ취Сֻǣ
ʲô취ҶȺκɻĿᶨ˫ȭɵ߬
һᣬ˿˵֣Ӧ֪ô꣬ǵڳΪϻĵİѹƶٵϻЩŵսʽ΢Щѹϵ𣬹ȻڣϻĳǣǴǱϻĵˣǵĵȱɣռ潮ĹϵˮҲΪ꣬һΣ޽֮ᱦʱһͷʾйʣ˵ʱ£ңȴûдӦ
ĻǾͳΪڵˣ˺һڵ֪ҿҪԶҲ޷̤뵶ڣ
Ҷûϵ뾹Ȼ뵶ڵǿУһֱڵĶͷϵ
밡룬ŵڷɢЩ䡢ͷҲʧȥңģĻŵڣ˽֮ΪĿģ伫ʲôֶζʹã
ͣ꣬Ҷٴδ룬·Ѽе䣬ͬκǣ䶯ҲǣǼ̰ɱ뵶ϹŶҲġ
˭һͳڵĴλ
֣ߵһҶ޷ȥƿؽֻ֣оıδڵ֮ˣΪΣͲ֣Σһͬ⣬ҾȥǴ֮ڣ޵еľ֮һ޽֮أҲӮһ㣬ӵ쵱ţ
һ̣ȫĿ⣬ȴҶȵĴ𰸡
ãҶ˸ѵľ
ʵȻ
ҶֻǹĬһ󣬺úѣεͷӮʣǡν޶ɷһɽһɽߣǿǿ֣ƾҲֻɫ˭ߵ˭Ϊ˭ЦϻģΪİʱ˭ʲôõһУ
ãֵϻȥ׼Ͱ͵Ϯ㣬ȥ¶Ϥɫ
ҶվǱڽ뻤£뿪ڡ
ҶȲδ뿪ڰһᣬȻʱշȥһǴ޾ۼ硣
ȷȥҶϴ߶ǧͼص
Ҷȱ춯ϧûзӦֻܶħ𷢳һٷ˵һУȻһȴ붯֡
죬֪͹ȥˣ
Ϸӣղɢ
Ȼ䣬һϢշɳ뵶ʥɽ
һϢɳȴƬֱ̣ʥɽڣͬɳһϢżؿ
õ̫ˣ
ʥɽڣҶټĸ֣Щ˶ǱοƵĵ߲㣬ˣҶһһԸЩص򣬰ĵʿ
ңҶǺֻڵʥɽ֣ɲò׶ĵ򣬰װ׻
ȻҶȱ뿪ʥɽһѡ
Լ
¡
һ׻ʥɽ֮£ĽʥɽҡΣ󷨿ʼ飬ǹŻƹʼ飬ţɽڽ£Ϊ˳
֮һףڵը˹
ٸ֡ÿֲ
Ҷʩչǧͼڵ߿գ˴߶һ񽣣бݻʥɽʥأ㼱ٷˡ
ֻǲʱ
ಣ
˷ĵ䡢ϹŶκۡ䶯ҲУҲ·ԫЩϵ䣬ˣƾҲ뵶ڣĸɭɭ
˿ΪʥɽĬˣȻ˿ʼѰҡࡱҲûκϢ
еĸֲͷӦãգûϢ
ҵõϢ
ΪͱҶնɱ
Ѱ䣬ѰҲϢһҪ׷ٵ֮ˣڣҷ׷ɱ
ƾշŭؿоͷ˵
ƾȷ˻𱬣ʧڵʥҲˣκۡ䶯졢Ƶ𡢹鿥ˣҲһɫÿǶ֪ӮҪ֣ϧûȵԪаɱԼȴʩչ˽ѿ֮ƣ
ԪаʣٶôӦǱֶ۵ŵü켸ҹû۰ɣ
ҶȼЩˣȻ뽭뽻һ䣬㼰ʱ뿪˵


1274 ǧơͭƻ
ȥӮʵӦһľ
뿪ҶȾţȥնһ档
ԪаڣҶҪǱӮʵпܣҲðž޴вǵӮʵƿڣһ֣ҶȾǴ߶ǧͼ뿪Ҳ֮ܵƻ
޷ҶȴԶԶظӦ
̴߶ǧͼҶȱ˲Ӿɽ룬ǶǿҲûеٶȣ޽֮ظߴʱգһеĵǰ
Ҷȼ֤ԪаʡӮʵǿ
Ӽֶ֤۵
ۣδңΪη칬ԪаʣΪα칬׷ɱ
ֶۣҶȸǣеõļҪϧ޷˸һ
ҶƯڵ֮ǰԼаǿգ̤һпܱԪаӮʸӦ
ͷںϣȻںϣ·ȻԼһִڣϵӣκʶӲҶȵĸӦֱָӦʮλǿϢϧûϤϢ
ԪаʹȻӮڵСǻŶ۵Ļ칬ץǣ
ҶЦһͼ˲ϢնϤϢӵһռ䴫նϢǻģУΧмʮڡڸϢ
ûʧȥɣӮҲνġ˴ɣӮҲûУΪҵʧͲκ۵ˣѾõʥûһݣҲԽ뵶ڣһݣֻҪ⿪ѿԪϵķӡںʩչͨҵϢ
նĵģҶԷ£ǰն쵱ܣʵ֪ն˳ƳΪǣƾԿ
Ҷ뿪ڵȻصɽϻģǱȴʱ̻ĺϢ
˵ģţӵһӵħͬ壬Ϣڣˣ׻˭ħͬ壬ôܣ˿ͬʱħͬ壬ħʲͬɽ뵤ҲͬԪҲֻͬʣħĲϢħҲֻ˵Ϣֲͬ޷ںϣһӵ̫һǰʲſ
ڽ뵶ڲԶϻգҶһУһŶ۽񣬾ҳֶڣǸӵħͬ
Һܺ棬ˣ϶ֶˣǿնɱһУΪ࣬ħͬ㣬֪Ҳᷴ԰ɣ
ɵһжҶҲ𽥳ɳҪʦξһ㣬ֶĵ
ڲףΪδʦҪԲȥ죬ΪڵǿߣڻؿԿٵ۰ֶ콻Ȼġ
ֶţһһţѩȷʵţӵڵΪǲãξӲ򵥡
ٿ
ҶйУ˽ʮ꣬һٷӽĵڷ
֣ѳɹ˵ᰵаǣԿӮƾƿص֮󣬵ðһʥΪ뵶ںļ֤һˣ
Ҷٷڲݶ
뻹мı
ҶֹͣУѿﵽڵ۷壬һﵽͻڣڵľ磬ڸһ
һҶȱش󲿷Ϣ΢Ϣڶȥ
ʱ
Ҷʵ֮⣬ýΪһֱںԶĵطţԲʱ֮ҶȲſʼϢȻһشӵֶ
ֻԼԦϢҶȣ¶Цݡ
֣ӦˣҶȿƱżѣȽո߳ͨǰһʵ
ȻһͨʧϢҲȫӡһУŵԭҲȣླ޽֮λҲõڵһͳ
ôҰģ

ҶȻǺ˲ϢˣȻȲϵڣɽκţҪǿླ޽֮سΪһ鹫ӵȵȣźĹϵ
һͬϻĵĴΪҲӵϵ޵
Ϊһ̱̾Ƚ鷳ȥ֮ɣ뵶ദһߣţҺô޽֮ߣӵǿͬˣһ֣ͬӮʣд󣬵ʱɳ֣ǣڻƾλ죬ڻƾκ۶֮ʱͻȻɱȡλ
ƻͦ䲻⣬Ӯʵǿ󣬻Ԫа֣ȵڵĵ棬ǻƾʵĿǰܿ϶ҲӮǵȸֻ֣֪Ӯһˣ֪ӮʸӿµԪаʡ
֮ҶȲδ֨һĬ
˸侫⣬һԹɫ֮ͫ⻺ۣ֣ڴڽѵĵزֻѡ񣬵һ˫ķյڴȨҶᱻΣֻлͬӮʵǰ뿪ڡ
Ҷۺģϣ¶ΪѵɫһŽɢȥҶǸԸµˣȻˡѡ񣬽֣κۡƾ˿⣬ֻڰкʧʧȥԪ񵶣Ҿͳײڵȥϧĵڣֲȥ
˭֪һͫٴһϸ΢仯е˵㲻ģҿһ֣ʱʱ̱̿㣬Ҳģ˴иӦиȫ֮ߣ
ã̫ˣھɥ֮Ȯʧȥթڣù⣬֣¾鷳㣬Ҫӿ첽ٹãǻƾλ֮գҲǵڳ׸컻յʱԣöЩֹҶȶʱȽżƣ飬ڽǰ쾡£Ϊľý
ȷʵͶ·
ȥ죬ֵڵڸϢǣ
뽻䣬ͱҶȣȻһ˻ع鵶ڡ
ҶȣȻȥ۷иӦϢȻһٷٷȥķǴ
ҶȿʼȴţڣҶȾЦͣ룬ʱ򣬻ŵõеĿԪ񵶣㲻֪ǹ˼ңȻ󡭡Żᱻѹɣͻƣ
ʱһȥ
ôҴҶ
ȻɵҶȣڣգӰȻϢҶѾӦǣǲԪаʣҲÿǿߣԪаʵͨ
ಣ
ӵ֮ڣգ۷ɳǿӰǽ룬ǿߣǶٵĴڡ
λǵˣ
˫ڸ߿ռ棡
ϱȭӭΪԷʵȻȲҲĶپͷؼİ֡
ǧƣ
ͭƻ

ӰȻͣ£ͬʱҽܡ
ǸΪǧơ֣ǸĺݣͷȴСˣòڣΨһǣ˫üЩüëƵϸü˲ĸо
ұߵġͭƻȴǧ෴
Ĳߴȴʮ׳ʵһ⣬˼֮⣬˲סĵط飬һɫӡƣЩͭϵƺۺۡ


1275 ͷ
ǧƣ
ͭƻ
Զ֮Уһ˫۾ش֡
ǱҶȣԪаʣҲӦĴڣ˵룬ٵĸ֡
ԪаʣӮںϣ󷨣ܸӦҶȳ󷨵Ϣڿ޵գܲҶȵĴڡ
Ϣ޷ΪҶɫ粻󲿷ȴ¶ּЦ
˰нţԼĪ֮󣬽㷢һٷ֮Ҷ࣬һմպϢķԾ룬ʱ·ϲЦݡ
ǧͭƻ֣Ҳ¶м⣬ҶȣҶ¶Ϣֻһ٣ֻǼͬѡ
֣Ī֣
ҶȲ뽭뽻
Ƴһ֣лصΪǧͭƻǧһٸ֣ΪʵǶģٶȣȴڲͬͭƻǶٸ֣ŵõһϹŴУӵгʵԵޱȣ
һٶƣ
һаԵʵ
Ȼ䣬ҶȾ׽⣬˼ǽ밲ŵģҶЦ룬ǧƣʱʱ̸̿ߣͭƻ޷ˣңʵȻ֮˾뿴סҵжӲģ
ҶûʲôȻڰǧơͭƻܸҶȣҲҶȽܸˣǧ֣֣ͭҵھŵʮ֮һͷλֵܶЩ࣬λֵܣ
Ҳ⣬ֱҶȱȭ֣
Ҷȵʲô֪һӵģڽǰǱֵЩΨΨŵŵǧ֣֣ͭˣ
ǳˮϺϷƽԭȮۡ
ġࡱڽ롢ǧơͭƻһֻհӥͻȻΪһֻӥ
֣ҷȥһҶţֻҪһٳɹұδڵȨߣ
һаźú
뵱иֵ棬ҶȺֱҶȴǧơͭƻֽ뿪ڣ¶ҰĲòȻЦݣɲһμƻʧܣҲί㽻κһȻԱ֮λգն죬Ӷѣ
ߣ
һַ֣뵶֮ڡ
֮ϻңԶĸ߿գҶǧơͭƻϷ߿գƺҪȥ޽֮ء
ǧϿ޽֮أɽ粻ϵԶ룬㿴Ҷȣ֣ϻĲͦãʱʱ̹̿۲쵶ڶ̫Զ޷ƿصڶһʲôͻ¼Ҳ޷Ӧ
Ҷ֪뷨װһ֮ľģֿ˵˼עڣͲöԶԶλֵܣǷģʧܣôռ˲ٵıһӹνѣ¾Բλֵܣڵıأ޷ģ
Ȼ뷨Ҳ͸ǣʹǱΣ¡޳ɫͭƻҲ˵ˡ
һڣǧƱûƺ棬ͭƻҪǧ֮ϡ
ϾΪ
Щ˸ΪѰñӻЩΨͼļһͷǵˣǱƿţ
Ҷһٶȣϵشַ޽֮أѹʼ٣˲ɽǰݲȣʱʱ̵̿ĸȻѡǰ㣬˺κʵ
޽֮غҶȲûڵʹʱͣ˼ƳһۣȻֱߴʱշȥƺҪﵽӮڵĸ߶һ
ѹϵؽ֮ˣʼСģٶԽԽڶǶٵĴڣڡڣߴʱգΪӪ
ͭƻȻҶߣֻ߾룬ĵص֣ΪȻ޽֮أһߣȥߴʱգ̾ľͷɶǶٴڣٵľͷǲСģʱᱻЩͷѹΪƿصūǿܣ
٣ͭƻǧЩͷСģȫ
Ϊ̫һΪ֮ף޽֮رǸӵ磬п֣̾ͷѹǿߣ졢ӪԼ統˹ѹˣ˴
ٶеĵٮٮߣһĸôԸΪǧͭƻȻͨ޽֮أһôܵƣھɽ磬ĿһС
ǲߴգΪľǶǿУʵ뽭ĵˣжɹٵĴڣԶԶģһǸӦҲֲ˺ùӳԣ
ǰãڸߴʱ֮УһƯŴʵգһ˸пǴ
Ҷģ֣Ȼ󡭡ѹ֣
Ҷ˵ѻҲ죬Ĳȫһ˿˵ˮǧơͭƻû˷һԱأĻ˴ҶСǿߡ
Աأͷ̾޽֮صҪԭУѰɽûеԴͻƣﵽе۷壬һԽ޽֮أѰҹ
ѹԽԽˣٶѾĲǶٵĴڣ͵ڽ޽֮ͨʹʱյٶȣʱĸ߿վ룬˼޽֮صвƫϵĸߴʱա
ӮڵʱգѲˣٸߴʱգޣȻնɱκζٵĴڣȻıأӷḻΪһˣﵽָ߶ȣֻٸ֣ݺᣬѰԴ
ˣȥĻһЩɵҸռ䣬Աص壬þ䣬ѹͷҲ֪ĳ״㣬ؼһѹˣҿԽǵ߶ڤ̷ЩԶٵ߶Щؽ춯أڴǿӮٸ潻֡
̫䣬˾񼦵ʱᱻߴʱյķ籩˺ѣҶȻ֣ͣԱؾ⸽Ȼпʼ㣬ͷߵĸӦѰһӵʱգ塣
ҶȵһΣ޽֮صĸߴʱգһ޽֮صΣôͨĵʹʱգΣգڣһСģѾǳ̤ġ
Ҷо̤ľͷȥһ׳־ơ
ӦˣǰһƬ籩գܴ󣬶ҡмʮͷǿޣЩޣǿޣҵĿ޴ֿԶһЩˣ
УҶλ֣ǧ֣֡ͭԱصλãӦþǰһ籩ʱգ
ǿԿָ߶ȵͨȻȥҲܰһˣǧͭƻϴӦˡ
˼ӿٶȣҲɵھɽеٶȣƾ춯أʵٶȲǺܾˣ˲Ƶʮ֮һ
գڣȥһ޴ת޻ǰķ籩ʱգͻأƯڻʱ֮С
ǧͭƻûҶȣԼӿٶȷɹȥҶҲһƣ̬


1276 ٣Ϊð
𽥿籩磬죬֥ͬ㣬վڷ籩ǰ
ٶȻҶȵԱؾЩԱصˣЩȥһֱûеûȥΪƺһּΪޣ
޽֮أӵ޺Ƚȥͭƻʮֹϣ˵꣬ǧƷǰ
Ȼȷֺôǵġ
ңǻнڣ˵Ϊ˱ҶȣΣգǵһʱǰҶȰͲ
ٿٿٿ
ʼ籩磬ʱ䣬идصţǧͭƻȻ壬ǰУҶȸ󣬴Լʮɾ롣
ʱжˣתȥɣҵķӡһͨ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȴ߶Ԫͷ޷򣬴һ޵⣬ħ£ǿת޷ҶȰԷӡһ򣬿ٷ籩С
໣
˲ľ⣬Խ˶Щ޷ζʼ籩⣬Ƕ٣Ҳͷܵˡ
ڴʱһ޵Ľ𺳷籩硣
һֻֻͬľ޴ޣĶɫ˫ʮ֮Ǿ޴ޱȣԼʮͷȫ⻰˫ޣû
ǧбһƳΪؿͭƻǡ
ͭƻޣȺӣײޱȣͷ޴ٶǵƣЩޣʵﵽһٵٵĵزǴС޽֮أϰ޽֮صѹ
ޡЩޣպΪãôһͷǷŵ½磬Իκˣ
ҶģҪץסͷҲҪץסЩޣ
쿴ԵĹ棡
ڴʱҶȰ߶һӡڷ籩ͻȻѣһâ棬̫죬ٿȻʧˡ
Ȼٶ̫̣ͬǣǧͭƻʵʵ¶⾪ϲЦݣǵɫ޳ƺڰнȻҶȷ
ǧ֣мͷޣסȥ·ȥȻ棡
ڷ籩УҶǧƣͭƻ֣ʱֹͭƻһָǰͷޡ
ǹ¶վһ޴Ưʯϣ˯ˣʵȻڵȴĳ֣ңҲɣάڵ
û⣡
ǧһЦʱ߶Ƴһٵڣӿһɹİɫƣһ˾Ȼٵʧԭأֱڵʹʱǰ㣬С
ٶȿĲ˼飬һ٣ٵٶȣ
ҶͭƻʼУҶȲɴž֣̾ͭλǧ֣˲ò࣬ٶȣû뵽˾ˣֻٸ֣ѹ
ǧںһķȻֻƳΪһǳɾĳٶȣͭƻӦһ䡣
Ǹ˲ţ˲նɱѹΪáҶͻȻһռӵ֣ӵٶǿߡ
ಣ
Ȼ䣬ֻޣƺʲôϢ󷽷籩ȥٶȿҲ˼飬ȻȲǧƣԳͭƻͭƻ޷ֻ֣սһѡٶȸȲϡ
ʱ䵽ͭƻҶȵͷ˼ٶȣ籩С
Լʣڷ籩У𽥵رʴ೾ɳŷ籩γɿµĻ
˾ĵطУǿͭƻ׸ãǧƾʹһ˳ޣŪһȥˡ
˻Ϻ̾ͼڷ籩Ȼһ޴ϢȻǺŨңƯ
ͭƻ¶һɰǰǿߣ޳ԵˣҺǧ֣Ҳ棬Աأǵˣ
ٺ٣ǧЦЦ
ͻͻͻ
籩ϵؼǿʼ濹⣬赲˲˻֮ǰһƵģǰһѷ죬պͷ߲ͬϢ
Ҳ֪ʲôﱬģһδֱӳ޽֮صģ
ͭƻһ䣬Ȼ߶˵ĶǧҶȣ𽥵طѷ졣
ڴʱһĮȻԿռ䴫ˣͨѿ͵˴߶ͨ
ãһͬ߶ӡٵһ޷ѹƣҶȰӦһ䣬Һתǿ飬ڶٵĴڣıת鶦Ӿˡ

˽ѷ֮ԵİͭƻǧƸоޱȣ˿˲һʱûܵų⡣
ȻͲ룡
ʱ
ҶͻȻ˫һ֣һӡ˫дԣʼ
ô£
ǧͭƻһʱͣΧ磬ٻͷʱѾŤˡ
ΪǼҶᷨӡԿռҶȵķӡԽǿҡ
㣿־ﲻѣôһ¡
ǺǣӦ˽һ·ҶİɣҶͻȻᣬϣֳ˲¹ͷЦݡ
ǧƶʱһסйŹ֣
ã
ͭƻȻѣûзһߣܵǧѣһһƣƤͫһͷųʱץסƣʹӡһ
ץƣͳҶ˲ǵ
УҶȾʯһ飬
ҶһЦȻٺˣλѾˣ
ˣ
һ̣תһԿռֳ˲俴˫̼һڿһ
¡
Ȼ£
գ
Ҷ˫ͻȻһϡ

ԣƻƻµĻ٣ʼʧת˲ѣԾͲˣǹϡޱȵ
áǧ붯ȴƣҲ޷߶Եѹȣһֱۣܡ
ǿ磬ѵһڲ磿ͭƻ׷ŭˡ
ʵչֳƴڱƤΪͭɫͫһӣɫĸӣиӰ
䣡
ϧͭƻ߶ľ׷ѹ£ͬļеĿʼ飬Сš
ٸ֣ΪðɣӴҶȵϣҲжٸ֣
˲䣬Ҷȴ߶ûģһۣҡڣ˫֣ס
ھͷΪһԺҶȾò˼顣
ڵڣĳϣΪٵĴڣȴԸΪƾЧ
ӮʵҶȼĶٸ֣ĵϢ
ҶȾ룬һ죬ҲڻǶٵǿߣܳΪеǶô绢
һ̣δ̫ЩҶȱΪﵽڣڣпӵжٸ֣ڣѾʵ֡
㣬ʲôˣ㲻࣡
ͭƻһδǧƣŬƿƣѳȥ磬Ǹ̶棬κͽ͵ġ
ּࡱͻȻͱһİˣǸޱȡ
ƺӿʼǾͱ˲ٿأ˿ƣŪġ


1277 ת
Ҳʲô࣡
ҶƯϷӸ£֮ȻܾŵĸֵΪ࡭һͱɱ
ǵͭƻǧƣһǲţҶȻնɱһ
ǶˣȻʵǿ࣬ɵ磬಻ܱȣɢޣȴǵڵ߸ϡ
ɱɱˣôҶһ֮Աǡ
ͭƻʵ㾿˭ڵĺη֣
ʲôˣǲ֪Ժˣǿʲô
ҶȲϻ֣һץУȻһѪܵͷ­ͷ­ˣࡣ
㡭
ͭƻǧƣ˲ľ˴񣬱𺳣Ѫܵͷ­ǵͷ­
Ҷˣ̸Цһ˵ҵ⣬ӦúΪѾΪڴˣǧơͭƻǶѵõĸ֣УǵԶԶ࣬ԣҲɱǣǣǣΪãȻҵ˼ǻѡǱǣͬһͷ룡
仰һǧͭƻҶǰһ԰׵Ȼ޴棬ˮһˡ
ʱһţǧջͭƻ໥һۣԵҶȾϹǡǲ
ܺãǾʵҵԪӡӡǣϣң˿Խ⿪󶼲ԣ
ҶҲ£ֳеԸˣӡȻˡ
գǧͭƻԥһᣬΪεأѡںϷӡӴ˿̿ʼǾͲĸ֣ЧҵˣֻһҶȡ
ľܣҲ֪֮³ͬһҪұеᱻɣڣ̤ڣҶͷ­
ˣôԶԶûн
㡢ֻڣһĵ⣬ǲšһ𺳵ģ
ⲻص㣡
ҶûлشȻһУתҶߣתҵΪʵ޷߶ıתɷУ
ǵǿԣ޷Ƹ߼תˣתҪǻ壡ת
ⲻ⣬׼һ£ͳȥץЩޣüͷޣӦÿƼת
Ҷ´תͲ
ǧͭƻһͷˮ֮ʣͻȻҶ֮䣬ͷųһˣص磬˲ط籩С
Ҷֱӿ𺳵ˣȥץޣ
ʵҪԸǣȥץЩǿͭƻϷҶΪǲ޶֡
ʵȲǣǵǻۣԶ޷ȣҶ䳰һںͭƻ˼һֱǰͷųǿҵϢ
ͭƻЩפ㣺⡭
ͭˣ磬ȻǸһ³ȥһԣһа취أ
ǧȴȰ˼䣬ͭƻſԸҶȶȥ
໣໣
һʱ䣬ʮͷޣ籩磬еޣǸӦҶͷŵϢһ˴޴̾Ͷ½ҶȡǧơͭƻΧ

ǧͭƻס޿⣬ǸûģҲûǸʵ
ӡ
Ҷӡ֡
ںӡʱһΪǵõӡȻΪصĿռͨӡ
ȻŽŽɵ˼ʼҶȣʩչͬķӡҶȽٵϴ߶ǧͼһǳ΢֮⣬ƯΧɢγһɿ΢ǳԲη
ֱӡͭƻž˵ؿΧһǳ֮⣬δ֪棺ʲô
ȻһĿռ䷨ûҶ֨ǧȴЦЦƺͭƻ͵ĽܣҶѹˡ
ͭƻôһĴڣΪҶڵĴ֣ʵڷŲǷ
ಣ
ʱ˿̣ʮͷޣʼĿ¶׹⣬ףһɷײУͳͳشΧΧ
ƣǳǹһ̣췭ظı仯

ǳ֮⣬һֻֻǵĳ򣬻צӣոͱǳ֮룬Ӱ
ô޴ôֲΪӰ
ͭƻǧ𺳵˵ǺεȵֶΣǶ١һٵĴڣǲľͷδֳڲ֪Ըײеޣԭס
һʱͳͳǧͼȻҶȴ֣籩룬ʩչһ޵󷨣ת鶦

ӦǴΪĴڣκҪǿںϣ
ǧͭƻʱת鶦棬Ǽʶɽ籾ԴȴǼΪټġ
ޣɣ
Ҷ˫һ֣һǳ֮⣬޴ĺӰ֮ӰֳһݺѹţҶɱ⣬Ҳ޷ѳĽơ
ֻ޾޴ƯʣӾϼ𺳣ǳԽ࣬ǿ塣
Ҷһƿֻޣֿ޴󣬿ǧͭƻλ߶ȫҪתƺ֮󣬿ԸһһתӵмЧ
ǣ
ͷѱҶֶΣ׸һССȴٶ޷£ȻмҶȵΪҶȵͨȴǿǵġ
ǧͭƻһһңҶߣҶף˶ʱƳ˫֣ȵһԴԴϵشת鶦֮ڡ
ˣ
ת鶦ʱһ£һӰڲɳתʼڴ󶦱֮ϣֻޣˣʵǿÿһֻһٵٵҪǣӴκһֻʮԼʮת
һ¶ʮֻųﱸ޴ʼɣҶʱһ裬һɢ䡢޵еơ
ͬʱֳ侲Ӷ˫֣޶ʱǣת鶦֮ڣתͬʱʩչӡһɹɳԽٵƣת鶦ͷųҶһ̲Ÿоת鶦ơ
֪ħƾת鶦۰ħĳ
ѾԽҶܿƵķΧΪֻǧơͭƻָ֣ܷӳת鶦

ǧͭƻһֱעת鶦ڣӴ֮ڣڵϷת֪ٵķӡ󶦱ƺȼڲƣԶԶԽٵơ
ʱһȥͷΪΣֲܲȥҶƯһԣʱпܶǷѡ
ԡ
Ҷע⵽״̬ʱһ˺󷽣΢ԣעڣģ㹻У
ԣһգǶ޷Ҷһڣȴˡ
٣ȻȲڵ
ˣɹˣ
Լһȥ
תͻȻۣѵõ˷ܣ߸ߵԾ˫ֺ£ת鶦ʱתΪһ⣬ڣת̯ģƯʮǹƵ⡣


1278 ʢ

Ҷ֮ʣʮģ⼸͸Ҷۺƣȥǧͭƻ׷ΧǰƯһſƻСİɫӣʵӻЩ졣
ת
ħݺħ֮һʮתԶԶﲻħĸ߶ȣħܴﵽ
תһеҶȵˣĿǰֻЩͼתӵаʵеתﵽ󣬲˲䷲ɻתΪת
ñֲħܳΪħĽȷһ
תҶȸоĶ֮Щ񣬲תΪϴ裬ǿ֮Ԫת֮ž޴ࡣ
ħת
ͭƻͷʱ𺳵̾ǼԪ֮ǰǸһͳħ磬֮һĴڰɣ
Ҷ˲˿תǧͭƻתˣ֮ǰħˣҲڲ֮ǰ֮ʱһնɱ˽úΪЧҪ˪˵һһһ٣һǶ٣ѵǲΪ񣿸һζѰǿ߱ӻԶҲ޷ΪѾʧȥ˵ģ
񡭡
ͷͬʱһ
ɽ޽֮ضǵѾͨ;УѰµĸ߶ȣոµ磬ﵽ磬ǿյı˰
ǣ٣Ƕ޷ȥԣĿ־٣Ժò׳Ϊٸ֣Ѿ㣬Ϊ˭ȥȸûпԵ١
תǸǹϢģһңǲпܳΪ񣬻пܳΪ˶޷󼰣Ǵе󣡡
ҶȶʱһתƯǧͭƻǰͷһԣֶһҪǸ㱨ǵټ˵ǰǺ»޽֮ĴεҪԴˣʲô˼ںת֮ٸң
ಣ
˵꣬Ҷȱ㲽֮С
ٿ֮䣬ͷǰƾʧǻ޷Ӧ˳Ĭһᣬδ֪ĺ棬籩磬һ󣬷ٷȻʼںת
ռ䣡
纺ȫ»Ϊһ˵ĵūзʥˣȻޣһƯ̳֮ϣҶץת
ⶫô
ҶҲû˵̫࣬תޡʥ뵶ūǶʱȥһںˣһھȥƺûʲôá
纺Ҷ棬һתǺĿǰʵò̫󣡡
͵ӳ԰ɣҶȵһЦ纺ڣڵƺתΪڰСβ͡
һ㻹Լ
ǳһ޾ʵˣƯ̳һ
ʮתʣţţҶҪնħģ̫תҲûãﵽ񣬻ǸΪЧõתҶ
˲һת
ͣ
ת˲Ҷȵڣ㱬춯ӿ֮ˣת֮С
ת֮Դǽ𵤣ҲƣеתУ̣񴺷ԡһ
ҶȾ̣ͬʱҲӦ纺纺ںתȻò󣬶ڵĺ֮ģųԽ˾䣬ҶȻδʲôк֮İٷ֮һǿ
ڵūˡ
ǿܣǰڵԸܵĥʶɾõǿһ磬ūȱٵľںϡ
תǡøᡣ
ūܾɣں£ľһﵽۣȻڡȻڣȻڣңūѾȻȻںϣûκף̤ڡ
ƺ纺һӾ磬ֱʳزǿ
ʥ뷽ı仯ҲͬˣǱս֮䣬ڳ׼ӡӡھռݺᣬһУκǵӡâɣǵѾﵽڣڲϵ
纺һģǶУΪǹֻǱӡѪˡ
ڣǱ֮ˡ
תȻ
۲˱仯֮ҶҲͨ䣬ǧͭƻһϢϵıȻõױȵᡣ
ҶȣΪǿģתȫٶҲģȫתںתʱһΰת֮ʼһδγ
Ҷݣѹǧͭƻ֮󲻾ãھӭûеʢա
λ
ڷɢ˶꣬һͳһˣ
ŵʮ֮һһڣ
һ죬ҵȴ¡֮Уұӵκۡƾʱκۡ䶯죬Щ֮ˣһһú
һã֮һǶƵĵۣվһˣԼʮˣжٵĴڣһ룬Щһ£׷ŵڵĸ֣˲뿪ڡ
һŵڵĲߣ뵶ڡ
һ졭Ҫ𣿡
޽֮ػУԼʮˣٸ֣ҶվǰԱһӮʣһˣȻأȴ޷ӮʶĿ
Ԫаʣ
һͬ޽֮طɽϻġ
תۣѾ뿪޽֮أɽ硣
Ӯʴʱն죬ʮֿڵ˶֪죬ֻһܵϵڴλ㣬㾡ɷģѾ׼һУǻƾǸëͷСʵǿĶȥ
Աһڴ멵ԪаʣͻȻӮ֣ϧϴȥնɱǸ࣬û뵽֣ǻȴû֪СЩϣ
ӮʲмһЦҲӼҲҧˣ

ְħ˵Ȼˣڷϻġ
ŵʮ룬뵶ڣ
Ǿ޴ʥɽ֮ϣһ͵ĺ嫹ʧһۿ͹Ⱥɽ˺
ΪУΪǿ
ҿ͹ȺΧԵĵͬգɽӣʮ֮࣬ǳνһŵĶٱ
ŵʮ䣬еڵϹŶһ룬󲿷ֻ;У
뵶ڵĳʹߣ𣬹վڹУϷ֮ϵĻƾޱȵ˵
Χ¬ơһ࣬һ࣬ʮˣ֮꣬Ҳ߽꣬٣ȻһˣƲ֮ˣ֮УҲ̺˵
ƾˣλ졭һǸǳֵӣʱ䣬ȻƳն죬ΪνĴĿǲŹôõӣҵҪжˣЩˣһֱǱߣϣѰټ˲ץסʼղ̤ʵ
ǣ
𹧹ش


1279 ƾν
޽֮أ
ڵڵʢյ죬ôٵһˡ
Ҷȣ
Ӱӷ籩˲ɳҶǧơͭƻ֡
Բֵ֮£ܿ˾޽֮صʹʱգɽ磬Ҷȱ㿴ʵ
ͭƻ̻ش𣺡ȻᣬǴľ߸ϣٵĴڣ޽֮أĵλҲܸߣУҪģִǲŲ͵֮£ҲͬҲȨľУ
Ҷ¶һݰȻʣˣ鹫ʵΣڹȥйʣѣǿǵ˰ɣ
ͭƻ鹫һУʵǿģΪﵽ٣ʵѳԽ٣ħӡˣ޽֮֮УЩϹŶͷĴڣ鹫ǿӣؼһ޵еĴڣ
˶Իʱǧһֱھţ˵ʱʹ޵ľ̾ɵ磬ǿӵоſͷ­ÿһţӵޱǿһˣȾŸ˵ɵ磬ɵ𣬶ѾϢڹ꣬뵶ڵͬʱڵ
鹫ӡħˣ
һҶȵ񾭣뵽ˣǸŮӣȴһֱδ֪Ϣ
ۡ໨ŴۡۡǬħħ֮ʡа̽𡢵桢¶ʡϹ֮ͥͥ
ЩˣǳԽٵĴڣǣİľǰǵĲ࣬޷Խĺ蹵һΣ굶֮£ұЩͷԽԽϵشǵĸ߶ȣ
Ҷģ־һ˼֮󣬱ӿٶȣϵؿϻģҲʼûࡣ
Լʱ˾ʹ޽֮أϻĵڵ޽֮С
˷ڸ߿մҶͷųһٷȻŻٶȣϢһṦһӰشԶз
ԼˣҶǧơͭƻͷ
ͷŷ·
Ӱ˲٣ǳħؽɴضҶȵϴ󣬺ٺ٣¿ˣѸӦնֵϢڲԶҲڵڱƽʵѾһţܶˣ֪ܶ첻ѡһ죬Ҳǵڱһ죡
ҶȲмһЦԽԽãж˴Ӧģ
ħЩʧǸһٶڵڵģһûУǸԶԼ㼯һ𣬿Եһǳأһ
ಣ
ţҶȾץһתħ
ħ֪ʲôЦЦһˣҶȼߣλ֣ʮ𿰱ȶٵ޿ܣʱҴ߶ҵ֪ʹֶΣ
ħһЦһǲ죬ҲҪץû⣬ֻܾ䣬ȵκƾ˫ͷѪʱվˣǽ뻹δ֣οĸ֣ʵȷЩƵ
ǾЩе潻һڰлϣĽ޷Ԥϣ˭Ҳ޷δ
ȥˣ
ħĿ죬ȥĸͻȻת˲Ͳˡ
ǧƷ·ٶرȤȻ֪ҶдǧͼӵߵͨӶҶء
ħȥķضͭƻһ̾˲򵥰ڣͿһˣ
ǸȥϿˡ
ҶͻȻĪЦݡ
ɲǼ䣬ǧͭƻ׼ԦʱҶȾͷųһǳ֮⣬˲˾ߣδֻգƬ̲ʱ䣬˾ͷƯɽ˺ĵϿգߴеˡ
ǡʲôٶȣ
ǧˡ
ͭƻҲ𺳣ңǳ֣·ĸ֣ǻǿ˶̾룬δӦǵĴڡ
ճǾǸոΧͻǸӦƫƫЩǿһûзӦ
ȻǵϢ޵ģصġ
ͭƻؿǧƣٶȣӦһһ˲תƻԾĿռ䷨ҲϴǼԿռ䷨
ǷģûκˣԷǵĴڣ˰е⣬Ķ٣ܣǾڴ˵źϷݰɣ
ҶȻؾǧͭƻȻҲԿóǻڰм
ͷӦһӮʡԪаʣԼûǿߴڡ
ҶȿʼͷֻǸӦأڶӦ֮Уÿʿ˲סò𽥣·ڣҶȸܵһŵʮ䡣
ԫ롢κۡ䶯졢¬Ƶ˶Уһ٣Ͳһࡣ
൶ڵϹŶҶ㣬ڽ쵽Ķٸֻ֣Ҳʮˣһ¡޽֮أһ
ңڵЩ棬δҪˣڣﵽϹͥ칬֮⣬ǿ
ǽͥˡЩ뵶ڱȼ磬ħаԼڵ塣
ȻҶȸӦһֱȴˣӮԪаʣն졣
ʮˣǶ٣ڶ٣ڵһʱգһֱȴš
ʱڵķˣʼнԶ
߲㣬߳һʱ䣬ʮٵľͷ𺳵ڰʿϻģǵڹϵһֱߵúܽ
ǵڵ̣
ûԪаʣҵǿԿ磬ӮʴûԪаʵͨ
Ҷ˼ţȻʲôڣǿߡӢĵڣڳٵĽ죬ؽһشĸı䣬Ҫڵǰ֤һĻ
ǵȴƬ̣
ҶǧͭƻƬ̣Ȼ´ǧͼϢһ뿪󲻾ãͷηԾ൶򣬴ܵĿռ䣬ѵవѹ棬˲뵶ڡ
ˡٵĴڣ
ȥҲֻʮ
ǧͭƻΪҶȻȺܾãƬ̣ҶȾͻˣң߻ͷ
ǵڵĵ棬ĵػߣ
ҶȽһͿ棬൱µķӡҶһֱûУ˵֣ն졣
ûУΪ˵֮·
λǰ˭ӦˣǿڣױʲôˣҶ˵꣬Ĭˣ棬ҲĬĬƯš
ڣǵӭµƾ̤ϴ֮ļʥ̨
ڣһЩڵߣǴڵļ룬еʿڴ£չϵľᣬʼڹǰͷеĻƾ

൶ʿʼƾ
·һ̣ڤڤ֮עģƾȻûж·ڵʲôͻȻվð˵ǱλĴӣδǻڽ죬ƻʢգ

ʱһƬ
ˣû뵽ƾ˵ס
øƾǣеķҶȴʱ˿̣Щƾ
٣Ȼֶαӣһ̣Ӣ֮


1280 ڧ
ƾ˵ĺܺãڵ𣿡
һҶϤһڳǿߡڵϿջصš
ϹŶǣס
ó˭ˡ
ƾȻգν棬֣ͷ¶βɣǵֻһ뵱ÿûʸ񣬵òõҵϿɣ
ҶҷѾն뼸ˣһ磬һҪʼˡ
ˣ
ʲô棬ǵڵˣ
ĺȻ֮䣬˶ϿգǼӰ̾Ϣѣٴα
նһۣǰ֮ϣĵƷƺۣ
ڲͬδװ磬ڵڻǰ
һֱ¶ɽ粻ͬʱգշתһ˿ŵڵ־ٴʧܣ˳һ·˹˵ǰ
նߵգע£޿־壬Աɣɫ˵λն죬ǵǳвϣǣ֮У󲿷˶δңҲǵһμ棬Ƕǵڵʿŵڲ־ѪҺǵĶ־ͬģ
ˣΪҲΪҸҴ˻𣿺Ȼû֪𰸣ΪѰҴ𰸣ʴңǴеĵ־Ƿ־𣿡
ն쵱һˣ¶˵
棬赲һͳ
ʱڵϷߣʹߣ׷վȫն쵱ڴУԴ
ͻȻһһߵ䡣
ǵվĮصն죺ɱ棡
ɱΨһѪһͳΪŹ£ɱöٵ棬ٵʿݺ
վ
һ˳ǱˣǹȾ
ɱȾһݾסԵĺⷬʱڳеˡ
ڵͳߣ쵶ԻͣȥĺᣬȻľأȾõڴ󲿷ˣĲԼԻ
Σ赲һͳѪɱ벻ɱץ˴˵
һ֮վǾŵ֮һ󣬴˿ƴüĿƸÿˣһֲĸо
ʱһԵȻ˵ˡ
ǽ룬ŵ֮һ䣬ʵޱǿÿһǿߣλл˵Ҫʱ̣˵
ʱʮ֮һͼìƺڵŽվŽʾ㵱̬˵ǵڣѡȻܴ쵶ӭԻ͵ģлڽ˵
л˵ƾһƣƺҪ뿴ʲôԡ
ʱ˶롣
£κۡ䶯˻֪Ѿ׼ʱ̣ǰƻʼĸ߲㣺λǵڵҪʱ̣ҾЩһֻ۱һֻۣǵûˣѡ񶯵ʱڣҪģһ䣬غδıΪǲڵԸش󲿷˶ͬΪµҵأӵѪӵȨΪβƽѡ
Ƶ𣬴һվȻҪƽڲЩģڳÿ˵ģѡȻҪõϿɣ
Ȼ˵ʵҲ˵˵
䶯죬ǹϵĵǿߣҲվһȻƾεõƣɱƵػߣȻйˣΪ飬ݺ춯ǰ֣ΪһͳԼĵڣѵļҹɱŰˣǻƾûлƾûڵĵ֮λҲû֮λ
Ͽգ֮С
ƯҶȡǧơͭƻ棬Ҷ֮ͫУ꣬Щ뵽ĿģȺˡȻˣӮ࣬࣬ìͷԸƷƾδ֣֮һӶ뱻ڳͷ֮ķߣ
·
ʱɨ䶯죬޷ŵɫƺû뵽䶯ͻȻ˵Щҥȫҥ
֣˵֤ݣ˵ױǣһǿκۣ䶯첻Ϊ飬˵
Щ˫ɳǲ
ʱڵ·Щв㡢ײʿ𾴡ŷǣȻ˵ôྪܣһԶ仯
뻺·ĵʿҵǣƾΪڶǲʵЩľڰѾȨǣ
ͼìͻȻЩҲҪѡĴУ̳֮λԸͼìҪӵΪǵԸҲ飡
¬ƣͻȻֱӰŭͼìɭɭͼìѾѡʱҲͨˣھȻˮ˵ΥĵĻ
Υģ¬֣ҪˣƽƾΪʱʲô̬ȣǲӦǾϰ֮λʣһҷ𣿡
ͼìʱ֮ǰͻȻʼȻԣڹغδҲòվҪζԸɣҪΪӣ֮׼Ҳ׼һֱ˵ˣһֱģӵǵҲΥԸ
ſڴƻƣ¬Ƽסˡ
ã봫ٷǶ֣㣬ٰڵƾΪ
ڵ߲㣬۲ʱ
߿һٷз߿գʧãͱͭƻץסȻ֮󣬱һؿҶȡ
ԭⷬ⡭κƾңڰиۻ𡭡ã򵥣ҵһȥɣȻظ룬˵ҵıѾˣʱֻһҶ˶Բߡ
ã
ͭƻʵʵӦҶȴһ⣬Ű֮⡣
ⳡڧһʱỹؽ
ҶһЦն죬뼸ˣͱʿΧ·ڸֻੲۣ໥Ҷ̣𾪵
˽ԽʵǰʱҶԱ棬ڿ˵ˡ
ıζˣ
ţ
棬Ϊھε˵
λǰ棬ԸЩˣЩ棬֤һһΣˣԼĵӣҶʮΣĿɣЩʿ棬嵶ڵı仯
Щ䡭ô˵棬ΪȨһУգãҵڣδ𣿡
̾Ϣѡ
ǾͬɽϦʧȥ
ҶȾڰ䣬˫ûж֣ƴȴһһȼգݵһĻԻǵʷϣΪ飬Ϊú˲ݵʷ
Цĵڰû뵽ˣ㿴ЩˣһΪ棬ΪĿģֶΣ뵱ĵڣһ
һƬ߿ա
Ԫаһ䳰ΪмǰѾʧȥκǷƾõҫ


1281 ݶ
ϷȻƵڣǻвܵˣϴλδˣ֪˭֮Ǹϣն죬ϧôӣ̣
ӮϹŶŲһ۹⣬ȻǱ֮ˣǣȴӵе۷ʱڣǷݴС
Ҳ֪춯ǰŷٷȴһֱûлӦ
߿еҶȣһֱȴǿԮ޷ָģֻ춯ϹŶϧֻ뿪֮󣬱һֱδϢ
ʼգ˻ǵÿԼ
ʵʤ۱磬ƾֶУ飡
δ
һִƺҲûи
κۡ䶯쾭˼ǣշתѡ֮󣬷׷׿ʼ󵹸꣬ӵն죬ŵʮ䣬ȻϹŶʵǿȴоȨκ۵˹
ǰȻӵն졣
ⳡڳϹŶǵڵͨʿеѾˣǲǲվֻǲ˫֮С
ܺãκ۵ңȴ֪ڷȻƾѣӮǸϲģһں濴ţ
ӪһΪ棬˫ƣ⡣
һκۡ䶯Ϊף֧նһɣһǼӵƾһƻƾռݴƣ¬ơ˵нһ붼֧޷ҡ
һ֣档
ԫٲֵ䣬ЩϹŶҲδҡ
䣬ʱȻ쵶ڴ󲿷ָ֣ڻƾΧǿʼκ۵˵У֡
ԫЩѡһҲǷŭԹޡ
һΪ䣬ȻͰն죬ͨһоӪ߻ƻһͳ
Ƶվκһԣߴ֣żϹŶһţƵڷ˭ƻڣӵĻƾɣʱõڵϿɣ֧˳ңӵдڵʥ
ʥ
˻һֳʱ췭ظˡ
ʲôԴڣƣΪɵ˷֪ĿԪ񵶣ڵ棬ƾ迪Ԫ񵶣ഫ˵
䶯֧ŷʥλƾ棬ǿ֪ʵݺԵõԪ񵶣ȨˣɥĲҩɾȣǵϣֻлЩ䣬ҪģҪӵҪЩͽ
óʥһЩʼ׷׿򱻰Χеն졣
նٴĿ⣬ձȭλô꣬һֱƾ׷ɱԽʥһϳ߱£ʥҲڼ黫С֣֮죬Ұλִ֣Эǣƾһ棡
ߣ
һ˾ˡ
еǺ棬е𺳣ǲ
ǻƾΧϹŶЩ䣬ն쾹Ȼбһʼֻ̿δ¶̫ࡣ
λߣǰҸ״ˣڵǰӮʣӮǰ
նʮ侲ûб¶κΣһмƻ澳У˭ӵеǷݲ˵仰һЦ˵𺳣Ӯǰ걻Ҹ״ڣźܶ˶֪Ļԭ򣬸״ӮǰΪһԪеһݣʥһֱӮǰУӮǰ¶ܼ걻⣬ʹ࣬ػʥ죬һǸ׵ʱˣӮǰɣ
Ǻǣκۡ䶯ˣӮʾȻϸļƻȻô繫ȻӮƯףһ˭ȥ⣬ӮǱ֮˵ݣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲϽкãΪӮϹŶֳޣ룬ЩϹŶƻȻ㵽һУǸƾЩϹŶģڿģõϿɣĿģڷЩ壬Ķģˮۣܸۣ
סˡ
ǰԻƾΪ׵һͷʼ궯¬ƶʱƾǾȻ˹ûʣӮʸеĴڣڳ֣ǡ
֪ƾֻĮһЦ㿴ΪеˣЩˣǱ֮ˣҲóˣӮʡȻɣҲһӪڣҪӮʽ֣ʵڣʱ˭ж˵
Ӣ
оͷݵݴݣӵƾƾƿصԭ
κۡ䶯ˣն죬ΧȻΧָϣоͷתգӭӮǰ
౳꣬Ǹ׵һ죬Ӯʣ꣬սĴڣУǿԪ񵶣
ʱӰ߳ڰʿǰ
ֻӮʴݲȵֻ߳м֣֣һ񵶣˼񵶣ھ
Ӯʾôˣһжκ֮ۡǰЩƻ֮УֻκӮ벻粻ƿ֮У
ҶһЦЦȻֹΪ֣ʮּɵԪаʡ
ȻӮ
ҶӹϷƾӮʳ֣ɫ˱仯ߵĸ֣һʱھǲ֪ƾӦ̯ӣ
ʧӮʣͻȻðʿδӦ
֣δϣնǰ˫֣ѿԪ񵶵ݸն죬춯֮ϷԸھͰʥｻ֣ƿصڣΪڵ䣡
˻һ̬ⷬʱֳžû˻뵽ӮʻſԪ񵶣ԵԸڵǰ
˿̣ͻȻϰûһϨĵ˼ȵȣ
䶯˳һӣ磺⵶ѵлҪ˵ʥӮǰѵΥԸ
ӮǰǱ׼¼֮ˣԶûʸվҵڵδ˾Ĳ
˫ֲʱ
Ľ룬ƺڵȴƻһȻ֣ԸǲҲУҲӵʥǲʵѡܵģ
һ¬һۻƾȻȾͷͬʱ߳ѾѡˣͨϿɣ㽭Ҳ֮һҲǣǹȻˮά棬ǾһȺ棬ҵǾŵʮ䣬Щ棬ҵκ۵ˣӴҲʲôΥڵĴУǰйͨɵڶ䣬ˣΧˣһ
ǣ
ֻΧӿڸ֣УһˣΪߣʵһΪ
ѣһ֣ͳͳѪϴ
仯̫ͻأ
ˡŮСʼ꼰أ׷뿪еҲʼ뵶ڡ
͵ڶ
Ǿˣ̫һжȨѡ
ƾʱӿĸ֣ûжٵԣûжٵĶֻǼ򵥵˵һͳһ棬һϧǵ֮ˣǶˣ


1282 ȨǶħ
ߣǾҪɱ֣
գնΧһ䣬ϹŶһ˱飬֪ƾ׼ҶǶٵĴڣȻóڲЩΪ
κ۵һмΧʿһЩڳŵҵˣ뿪뵶ڣҲͷĵѣȥҵҵһһűʾǸ⣡
ʿʼ롣
䶯ƵܡȾͼḭ̀ɱ뵶ˣ໥߶ƿ˷ɣ

ΧȻǿߣڵڣиٵĶٸ֣Щκ۵Ͱõĵڸ
ԼˣʵϻƾһأѾ潻档
ֵģκЩͷ
û뵽ڲĵɣֵز
߿ƯҶԱߵĵ棬ѵڵĻ䣬һʹĲѣͬʱҲ
ˡֶ֪ڲЩ᲻һ죬޷ʰĵز
ҶҲǸдѡ
ξڵɵһЩɶһչȻкôģȻҲĬĬǷչһβܣЩž޴Ұģôͻµ
˫ɱ¾ʼˣ죬ˡ
Ҷӣһݴڴͫ⣬ϳȣε֮Уһ·ְ̫࣬н棬濹⣬УҶ֪һ죬ǿʱ̡
λǰڵڱ䣬֪ˣǽǲ֧ҵĴ磬߳ڣǵѡֻ˵һ㣬ǾûǣҵĴ磬նҲڰ
棬Ҷȳĵ˵ûȵشҶȾͰǧͼⳡ粨󣬲ŻǷų
Աֻʣǧơ
һֱעɫ仯ʮϧɻɹٵĴڣѾֲԸΪβǳ֣
һˣÿԼ֤ԼļֵʲôΪʲôľͷʲôһжû˻ǣ
Ҷȸ·һĮ˫Ѿ֣뵶ڿʼΪ棬ҺôʿѾ뿪뵶ڵ󷨽磬𶯣Ҷȼ̾Ƕõ𰸣ͶţҵЩϹŶǣδʲôܸǵδ𣿲˭ҲܸǵδֻԼȥ
ҷˣǧһһٵľͷҶ֣֮ѹһֱͭƻĴ濹ܣмһ̣Ҷ۹⣬۷
Ҷȵǲںʲô뷨ȻԱ߿λͭƻҳ֣ҴƾĿڻ֪ܲϣܺãңҷá࡯ݣ֮Ҵ롢κۡƾ˵һо
ǧһû뵽ҶȻô죬뵽취Ӧ붾ƣʱ̾ⷨӺã
ͭƻˣһӦ
ҶȺȻӦʲôһͲˡ
ǧһȫҶȵܾ붯򣬵ոգۣͼҶͭƻߡ
ͭƻȻֶ飬ֻȥһˣ޽֮ͷϢٷѣý֪޽֮أһлƿ֮С
ʵȻǿǶԸЩ䣬ЩƵ֣һǴ߶һ׵Ӯٵǿ棬ĵ̣Ҫиף
ˣ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ʲôһǿǶѹĴڡ
ΪѾѹһΡ
Ǿغڴˣʲôϸң
ҶȽ꣬һ
Ƭ̣Ϊĵڰգֻʥɽ󲿷Ѿһ޴ĳǳأ֮ڵĸ֣ڰķ泾Уϵɱ
һߣ˵ߣȻҶȡ
ǳħŷߡ
ɵһʱħͻûһˣͬûһͨҶȣڰռ档
Ҷϴ߶ԪԴ˿ʼأһЦЩˣȨ໥ɱֱײϣ
ǣɱɱˣô罫һһȥѹ鷳ãϧ޷ϵӮվԱߣԪаʣں󷽵գһֱȴţҶ̫նϣתڴսٵʱٴ
ϧ޷
ƣǲˣ̫С岻֡ħΪź˵
ˣǶͨЩǵδչĵ̣緢չڣÿЩ־ˣ
ʱѾԪаһհ·ս
ԶڵĽѾ뵶ڳǳأҺ绹ţǸӹĽҪΪ档
Уκۡ䶯ˣҲ¬Щͬλ䣬ڰս֣ģΪᵶȨ˺Ƥ໥ɱ
ͷӮƾһֱƵʣһδǽ롢ԫʮλͷǱּĬܱ໥ɱĺá
ն죬Ӯվһ𣬿ŵھͷɱһֱףѪĳɹ죬ǰô𣬲ϵر̤ýڴࡣ
ſԪ񵶣ֻܵȴȴӮʡԪаƾ󽻷棬ϣƿء
Ȩħ֧Щˣ꣬ˣ
Ҷħ𾲾·ɱѾƴһһ٣ǾҪն죬Сľս
ʬʬɽݣҲΪڡڵʬ壬ϵضѻ
ھڱ䣬ʵҪܵش
˿̣ڸӸߵա
һ˫۾һ硢ӰһֱڶŵɱȻ̫ңԶ˫ۣȴУƺ峺ͫ⣬Կɽ硣
һۣںãĸ߿շ籩УƯ棬ֶۡ
յĵڡϧˣ
ֶ΢΢һ̾
ಣ
ʱ˿̣Ȼһ죬޵մ֮˲ֶԱ
Ӱûֶ֣۱֪˭һ㣬Į˵ôпգɽ磿
㲻Ҳ𣿡
һãۺ֮
ţֶԱߣһһպ˪ˣŰӲǣͬһߴ
ҪǣĳȻγɾ߰״̬޷·Ǿ߳ǻһ㡣
ⲻյڵ𣿡
߳ˣֶվֶۣ߳һʣ·ֻ˲䣬޸иŵɫ
ֶӦţ
ӰƺʱҪһ㣬ӰĵҶν֣ݺ޽֮أǵҲ´ΣǸôֵûζŶиϤϢȻӮǸСѽڵߣֻһŶѣնٵѰڣ
ֶ۵Ƕ߳ˣûжٵɫֻǶһ˵ɽû˷ǣֻˣ˭ôꡭ㿴ɣڵɵ磬ѲϤ磬ȷ뿪ˣ


1283 ֮
𣿡
һͷǾ߳Ȼӿ˸ٶȣСڴĺȻһӦ𣿡
ţ˲һʱգʩչڿӵڵһһֶصصͷ
ΪӦѾվ޽֮ص۷壬̤ôΪĴڣھɽ磿
˭ֻ֪ӦֻҪһ֣֪ˣǻǵҪȻȥǷת
ҵǸӦ·صС֮УһӵˣǰһصüΪĵӰɣţСϡôӵһͬ˵Ĵڣ
һһĿ⣬·ڱյҶϡ
£Ǳû㣿
ֶؿˣҡҡͷЦǸӣԼѾԼ޵ˣ֮ǰӣȥΪŻȡһģں໨ŴǰͨʱɱһƤ
ֲôһˡӣԳưԣ˭֪죬ˣӽʲô̫˼ˣںⲻˣô򵥣ĶֻйصſںϣӣͻȻıʮֺʵ
ҵ״ӣҶȣǲʦͽӣüԦɳ仯һֱԽҵƿԤϣҲܳΪҵұҲ˵ˣǻȥɣ֮£Լȥıɣ
Ҷȣ
ٴ·һۣƺסǸ꣬ȻֶһգʧʱӵǸӵõǰҵĵӣ
ˡҪ
һ磬ϯ˳ײˣ

˭ڿҵټ
һϵ޽֮صʱб
ֻʩչԪ֮˫۱ֱӴ޽֮أɽϻĵ֮ڣκα仯ͫ˸
һصĺˡ
Ȼ޷ղſϢ䡭ܣΪĴڣ޽֮ءѾָ칬ľͷǣǣɱˡ
ƾͽ㲻ҲԳΪϷʱϢ֮أܱ޽֮˵ĺãȥܲǳԶ֮ơ
طܴˣ
ͻȻ֣Χʱ󷨣׷ױģʱ¶޽֮ص磬˲һ
Уͬ˲֮ͷ˳
ֻƬ̣
˾Ȼ޽֮أ˾ɽ磬ȻһѳڵڶϿգڻʧ¶һͷɫĳԭһꡣ
ϢϢȴǴޱǿʢĵҶȡԪаʡӮʶδ֡
ȴѾҶȡħǧơͭƻԪаһڸ֡
ղǹǿʶӦ֪ҵԪ֮ڿӵڣ뵶й֮ˣҪ־ͷ֣
һ֣޽֮أ޷ѹǵƣȻᾪЩǿߡΪʦʱֻڰԼ£ԼɣȻǿ󣬵ҲѾȥȷ޵еĴڡ
һ͸ĲãɫǸֵûζĲ񻰣𽥵ʧȥ
û֪
ֶصľ߳ˡ
·ڷУ
˫ɱѽѷ֣䶼ˣȻڱ֮ϵĻƾƺܵʲôӰ죬һԹյӮʣʦҿԼֶΣµڴȨʦôˣǰΪǰĴڣ٣ڻ£Ϊαηηβ
ƾ侲ضǰ仯Ȼκ۵ҪһأɱϾӮĵڹŶʯΡȻγһĵѹ֣䲻ϵʧȥս⡣
ƾ
ͻȻһӰšһѪܵĴ󵶣ӷзŻƾֱƿ򷨰Եһ
һ롢ԫЩվĸ֣ʧɫ
䶯죬㾹ҶԱ֣ǲͷˣ
ƾȻɱһĺȻΧĸ֣ŵú˼ƾվջӶָ֣ȻץԵ֮
䶯ӹһԭ֮ˣֹϵľ֡

һиɻһУһȴƾָһץԿƾΪмһת
䶯Żƾһת󵶣޷סŷת䶯켱æŵȣӮϣңٸ֣
Ȼٸ֣
ڳĸ֣ˡ
ٸ֣
еĴڣ꣬һܽ٣ӮʣҲǻ˰꣬޵ΪƾֻһʮȻӵٵĸ֣ǶôĲŻ硣
֪̫ˣ䶯죬ɱԿɷԼ̣ƾᣬһӳһɵֱֱУϬ쳣ٶȣҪ䶯һ
ϷڣС̫Ŀˣ
һ̣
ӮͻȻ䶯ߣֻǻһ䶯ǰԻƾĵӮʾȻһźɨȥ
¡
һţκεľɽ
գƾײӮʵǿһ֣һţѹڵ֮£ֱӲȵ÷顣
Ӯڶ֣һԪаʡұϣ
˫ͷ֣ҶѾû˼ȥעǽ֣һж֮еģڱ䣬ȻѪɺӣΨӳڣ˴򽻵ʱ˽Щ䡢ͷĿ
ն죬ȻҲûо֣󣬻Ԫаʡ
һԵĳħս⣺Ӯƾɼܣˬϴ㿴һһʽȫھɽ磬ʹܵѹƣ̫󣡡
ɽѹƣѾСˣϾɽʱգɶЩͷԼУǽ֣Ͳɽ磬ɽѹƣھɽ޽֮أǰЩֶζˣҺ⻹Ǿɽ磬޽֮أǵҪǿ࣡ҶҲעͷ仯ЩˣƴüĿﶼǼΪյġ
ϴڵһٸ֣֮Ƕܾ֮ʱʰǾ׶ˣ
ﻹٸ֣ԸЩֻоֶβſԣȴָɣڱ֣֮ʱ̣
֪̫ʼﵽʲôΪˣɱңΪֻܳɳΪͷ
ǲ֮󣬾ͻЩġ
Ҷħ𲻶ϽעΧ仯ڵڲɱ̫ģǵԼѡԼһɵġ
Ԫаʡ
ĺȻ䣬ҶȵĸӦԪаʴһڸ֣ʧڸ߿գʼ𽥿·ΧӣҪӮ֣ƾ䲻⡣
ƣǵĻˣߣȥ磡
ⷬӦҶȼѣڿնϣǧƽһ֮Ҷ̼ʹ߶ǧͼħʧȥ
֮ϡ
ն쿪ʼѳΪ䣬мڱ
ⲻ֪Ӯʡκ۵˰˿ն졣
ͻȻһٿ֮䣬ն߼֣Ϣˣգ۹򣬼ľֳˡ
жǿֵܣǵʱ̣Ҫˡ
նԱ֮ˣ¶һݾΥЦݡ


1284 ն٣1
ն쿴ľĸ֣ȻϣְԵƣеؿն죺磬ǰƻһڱ仯иı䣬˭Ҳû뵽Ӯʣŵʮ֮Ҳ˴Ұģ
ɲóԣԱһ֣ȴһаЦݡ
ռƻұһֱװһһ֪κ۵һƳ磬ӦǳΪǰϥǸһȵģһǿЦ֮ЩΪĿģΪ棬ʧȥ𡭡
ӮΪǸʲô֪ġȻһ߶ҳһʩչͨΪϴ裬ඥֵܣ㿴ڵΪΣ
ڣնҶȡħڵҪһ죬ˡ
նһֱţҶȡƻϣȻŵĶҶΪΣһɣͣװɵ㶣ڴ˿Ҫ
Ҷħעն죬ͷųϢҶϲЦ磬ʵȻﵽԲϾҪˣ
ħ𼸺޷Ǹĸģָħ棬ֺǺǵĴЦЩĽٸֹȻٸ֣ն֣øЦӮʣ֥飬ϣΪһֱڹ֪ǰãװΪΪǿʵնӵϢں۷壬ʵһٸֲˣ
ӮʻɵɵذݿԪ񵶣ڻң֪ҵֵܣͻû࣬õһʥֻҪѿԪ񵶺һһںͻڣﵽ٣
һĶǣ
ͷΪӡںĽɫȻЦ󣬵õնȵؿҶħڵʵѾԽҶȣħ£ǿǿеİ
Ȼˡ
ʵȷεڼƻճɹıϣһлƣֻͼӴװˣһ̣ıʧȥãֻʵС
Ҷȱ뵽㡣
ǣһƳԳħնֻҪðһΣգ磬ӮԪа֣ڶԸƾȻԸӦĴڣⲻ֪סˣѱ˲ôǧͼƷ磬ó￴ţôǧͼȥ޽֮ںϿԪ񵶣Ȼ٣㣬Զٵ̬ǿƻع飡ʵ˭˵ûʵ
޳ɣԸЩˣ֮Уûһ٣֧ŵģ֮Уһ٣ֵʵħͫȫſЦݡ
Ǿ͡ôˣֵܣն첻˷ܣһڴ⣬ͻƶ٣һǿߵĿӡ
еͨ޷ɡ
ֻҶȣſֵֻܣһʵֵ־ϵشȥ
ٿ
Ҷ̿ʼʩչ֮ͨ䣬նںϣնֻһһģһҶնͷһѪһԪʩչ龻֣նӵնԪѪ
ֻҪӦһۣնǱ
ߣ
߶ǧͼҶնʹʧܣҶĸ֣նʲôҲûиı䣬ն컹Ưڸ߿գɼֱֻгħжһС
ޱ޽֮أ

Ӱͬµ⣬Ӻڰд
նһۣǶƣߴͣԱߣֵܣǵ鷳ƽѿԪϵķӡκ˸Ӧ
Ҷһ˼κۡ䶯ߴͷǶٸ֣ӮʣַӡҲһ޴⡣
ҶȺܿͿһĵն죺ܼ򵥣˵ķӡǿ󣬻˵ıϢӡǣѵģβñӡϢʧһʧǾܸӦǶֽţôӮʡԪаʲӲܣ磬Щңһû龻֣ģⱣǵϢַӡһ߶ƿЩƣȻǿԪҲǲӦòԿԪ𻵣
ã
նʧȥǷݵǡ
Ҷʩչ龻֣޽֮أͨκɱΣ칬Ǭ޷ٸӦϢʵѾǳǿ
ಣ
龻ֿʼתն׳ѿԪ񵶣˲䱻ҶȲʩ߶ԵԼʱ
Ҷϴ߶
һңûκνƣһںϣͿʩչһһƣںΪ̫һ߶һɻӵ
ҺãζǿԪ񵶣ɵУеƷҶֻҪ߶ƿپͷͷ۵ķӡ
ৣ
һṦҶڴ߶ɣұۣ˽ɫı۰򣬾ǾֱۣҶ˳ƺѿԪ֮ϡ

һҶն죬óƮҶǿĴ߶״̬ѿԪ񵶱֮󣬱ûжٱ仯־Ӱ
κۡ䶯졢Ƶ𡢹Ⱦͼì˵־
־飬ȴ龻ۣ֮µķӡʼ߽⣬ѿԪ񵶲һȻԶն˫֡
ɹˣ
ʥ񵶣ڻعն֮֡
磬ںϰɣ
ҶȰһѿԪ񵶣óն졣
նõ֮󣬾͸ոֵѿԪ񵶣ʱ˵ػΪ⣬ֺһһѿԪ񵶣ʱնС
뵱ʱҶȵõѿԪ񵶵ĳƣȫһҶȷ·İˣն죬·񵶵ˡ
ɲǣҶȿնոյõںϵĿԪ֮ʣһɹϢУĵն졣
һˣڹ֮Уÿʯӣӵŵ̴ʦ޷ɣ
Ȼںϵģ˫ۣûжٵɫȴ¶Цݣն˵
䣬ַֺϺϣһһΪ֮ԷֿʥףǶôĲףһ·㾭ĥԽ࣬ԽϧΪûнʲôΪ֪ΪԪ֮ʱѾɳΪ뿴㣬㵱껹Ǹµ꣬㣬ɳΪкܶ໰Ҫ˵ϧΪ̫أԪ̫ıмǣвܼԦģΪΪҲ޷ԦԪֻһ־һػܰһУΪ뿴㣬ġ
״ˣն죬Ȼӯˡ
ɵ۷ͷ֮ɴһһУبŵ
Ҷ˭Ĵ˵
Ǹ쵶Ի͵ľˡ
״ˣ֪־ɵĽ䣬ţĺѾɳڽ죬һͳڣŵڣδ·ɵеڣ磬Ҳеڣ
ʧʱ
նȴĨĨᣬ¶ͻЦݣģ뱳ӰȻʧˣͬĸ߶ȡ


1285 ն٣2
ľͷ
ֱ˳ʧҶȶС
ǿߣľͷഫŵب
ȴûдκϣһ֧أõϿɵľͷʣڵҶԾ塣
һͷ˽
֮ʣδ˽ģѵڵһУȨ󣬶ĶӣĶӣͬͨʿһͨУȥɳ
ն죬ɹȡµ֣õڵĴС
䣬ĸףԴԼŮ
ɣʳ˫֣ȥĥµ֣Ժһܰϣ
ĳֵ𾴣һΪڣΪɵնħľˣ͸ʷ
ҶȾȴţնѾѿԪ񵶣ü֮УΧʲôҲûˣдһЦЦǬ𡭡Щͷµģֻǵ񻰣ֻסǵǵȴУԶأ
ͣ
һ̣նڣһɹϵĵ
ǰ㾪˵ǿ󣬻罭ǰƣҶȱΪնεľ춯ء
ȻҶȴˡ
ûиնֻһݣն̤һ½ݵΪƣϵشնͫͷųƣΪ˹ϵƣÿһƣǷ
ն첻ϿƵƣյƣĵΪ⵶ơ
״ˣģ㴴ġսơһúõĴȥն첻ϵؿƵƣþõ
ƣն쿪ʼںϣԪ񵶣һС㣬ڵݺᣬУһͨ
ͣ
֮
նȫȻ˺ѡݺĵƣ֮ڡ֮ڡѪ֮УϵݺԾš
ŨҵϢţ
ȻҶ˺󼸲
նϱһ˿˿ĶɽϢӮ͵ţն죬û뵽ɺ֮£ɾն죬նڵ۷壬̤¸߶ȣ١
ֵܣҪɽˣ
նȻ۹һƳҶȣʾҶ˺һЩ٣һֻ٣׼ԵһٵĽ٣һɹұһٸ֣أֱĻ𣡡
ãҶȿʼ˺뿪һԶ
ҶҲ֪ǶôĲס
ʵҲڣɹ٣ǰ񣬲ھ磬ڵһֹɣֽ࣬ȴʮǿ
٣Ȼͬɵ١
ɵ٣̺Ķɽ٣ȴ̺Զÿһ٣˵µսߣӵپͲǰĿֲ
Һãն챾ߣҶָھռУϵҶȻ֮ӣߣҶնϴʱת鶦̺ԡ
ԣնѾԽеߡ
٣ֻҪնɹԦеסϴ񣬲ų⣬ôɽپˣͨߣͨˣ٣ɶǾ١
Ϊ̺٣Ǳɵ޷˲Ԧ̺һɵͻ᳹׻֮¡
䣡
޽֮񷣬ٿ֮䣬ӿֳһԽ޽֮أֻôһ
̺˸ӵɵϢϢ
ֲãǿôϡ٣ԭֹ⸴ӵĶ֮С
ৣ
ţ޽֮صķ籩ɣ˺ѣȫԦ޽֮ص֮ϣڿļɵȫںϣγɸӵ٣ҲǺܾˣֱʮҡ
ҵĶ٣ٱǿٱɣ
Ӷٷ籩ҶȾͺһնĶ٣Ѿ˾޴ôĶ٣ҪӰ
Ǻεȵĳ棡
ٷ籩УɵںϣĻ棬µķ籩˻籩޾ƲӣȴԻ󲿷ֵĶɽߡ
һ״ˣдɣ
ûȶ£
նվͦΣƱء
Ϊһ޴ơݺᣬе̺ɵϢʼ΢΢ԣһԣһɵ
նҶУͨУѾףҪɶٵں϶ʣܵõ
ıȻ𽥵ӭ١
ͻͻͻ
֮ʱ˲Ļĥ֮·Ҫе򣬿ǵն֮еںʱȻ䣬ƾͼˡ
Կٷ籩ƺҲ˳Щ
նȴͷ󺹣ϢϾ֮ףδõԴУҶȡħ纺
ٷ籩ϿնϢȻն죬򣬲ϻ𣬶նͦţţٵһʱ䣬նһƤѪۡ
Ȼ׻ն򣬲֮ڣȴ̺ն籩֮Уɵٿʼ޼ɵն̴߶ɵʼγɷ𵤣
նƤ𽥵رٻƤʧˣ¶ľѪûƤ
ݺᣬ𣬶ٻ棬ն죬ȼգһ̣նѾΪٷ籩ġ
һڻն졣
Ȼ£ڴΪ񣬳ȥɹֻǽĶ٣̫޴󣬼ƣҲΣޱȣҶȿĶʧȥ˺٣ֱɵˡ
Ҷȵӽǿȥǰ޽֮Уٷ籩һֱתնĵ㣬϶Ը
սƣ
ΪѪˣûƤն졣
ĺȻ֮䣬⣬һ㵶ƣҲǣӵһּĵǴ𵶾
̺ڶԿ֮󣬿ʼնĵֱӱŵ
ٻն촩͸ˣն쿪ʼôȱҪʱ
ڴʱҶץһת˹ȥ磬ȥתĪ
նסʹ࣬û֨ʹࡢѵأץסתһȥת˲֮䣬һʼն쳤µƤ
ǿĹʵ
û뵽תڴҪʱ˰˭Ҳ֪죬ն٣Ҷȵתֻնʵ
˭֪պն٣һУĲ
ಣ
Ͼʱ̣ͻȻһٷӾɽ
Ҷ˲ںϣħϴ󣬽ѾűνͳάΪɣȻɱ˳ӮһȲϻƾǷͷ࣬Ԫаʼ룬ڻƾһˣһ䣬ϹŶ䣬ֳˣ
붯ˣһ̾Ҫɽ٣ѾβҵΪ磬һЩɽ̴֮ﵽһٵƽ״̬
Ҷ֪ᶯ֣һˡ
һٷ߳ħȻ󷢳ٷţ㿪ʼӾռ䣬һɹ


1286 ¸ҵģ1
նڶٷ籩£ʹţȻ޾ʹĥĶ־һ̶ûм֣˫ͫȼȵЦݡ

һתնڶٷ籩£µƤ
ǣķǶٷ籩ݼ֣Եģֲ£ٲŻʧ
ԣն쿪ʼ߶ߣҲɵ磬ӵд֮һ

նڲϽӡֹϵϢΪӡնսںϣγԽصķѾﵽβ÷һδε顢˺նķ
ն죬ҧסأᷨӡڷϵеٴﵽֲµ״̬ٻ棬ȻնͫȼţնڣѾӵϢ
ˣ
ְʱ֮󣬺Ȼٷ籩ʼ籩֮𽥵رնˣգ뿪նΧ޽֮ز
ɹˣ
նҶȻû˵ʲôͬʱ໥һۣն˿ʧһƣڷڲ飬ٵĿ飬նѾӵٰͬĸ
һ״̬ǣɵƫ࣬ﵽ״̬ôǰ
ʱն죬ڣ̤٣һƣҶȫƣҪǿĶ࣬ڲ̫
һһǳ֮·˫ͫУٵϢڽȫӵһױȳԽƣ·չ֮£ܷ֮ϡ
ҶȵһնԱߣնƣ΢΢һһƣϲţҶץһԷӡ磬ںԣʱˣҪȥڣ
ಣ
Ան˲ģ˫֮תұ˫ģİԵϢʧһ䡣
УںҲ뿪Ԫںϣʵڷҡֱϣ̤٣ͬҶȽʱһ㣬ѾǸոͻƵ֮Уһ棬Ʒֵ
շḻ֣׳ɳš
ʱնʱ䲢࣬ҶҲһֱħн֪
Լ֮ȻһնʱۣȫʧˣϢԣҶȵͷһǹ֮⣬˲ס˵ʧȥ
޽֮صգƺʲôҲûзϢΪ˳
ϻģ
ѣ
뵶ڣѻΪ˷棬ҶնͬʱƻϣԹλ֮ʣ·Ѿ֮ǰ뿪Ƿ龰Ϊ˷棬ڵĴѾ֧顣
֮ǰɽ˺ȣֻһˣ
һˣǾ֡
ǻɱտɼԪаһۣƺҲʮƣȼˣϽ֣٣ھɽ磬ܵһѹƣ뼸ˣǶٵĸ֣ԪаҪһնɱô֣Ҳܡ
ĸγɱˡ˼ɱ֮С
һսû찵أڴѾ˽ƣһ޴ӣӮƾ
ڽ룬ˣɱҾ֮С
ԶԫȼʮͷһֱδϹŶڵľڣһ̣ڵĴƣһֱ侲վûвɱ֮С
Ҷȡն졢ħƯڵգһ̣ҶħΪѰģǱģһ֮ǧͭƻӪ֮С
ҶȻһۣն죺磬ˣ
նʯ΢΢ͷţֵܣǰķЩ˵Ŀ¶ʱǶֲ˳
ɣ
ֻҶ˫һ֣һӰǰ࣬ȴҶû龻֣ͷѪûɵģ˼ûʲô𣬵޷ϵǿߡ
״ˣҾսƣⳡ̣ͷɣ
ΣҶƿأնͬʱˣȻ󡭡

Ҷȡն졢ħӡϢʼһһҿӡǿƣԳ忪ӡһɹڲͬϢڵϷͷų
ţ
΢ı仯Զٵľͷܸܵġ
ʼնڵտȥ𺳣Ųŵ۹⣬ΪնѾֳֿԪ񵶣ƣһ٣վԱߵҶȣҲͷųơ
Ǹ𾪵ǣҶƿص࣬һʧôȻˡ
սƣ
ɱδ˶
ն߳һӶԪ񵶣һɹɵ֮УʱΪصĵƣ趯ʱӿڵգջӳԪ񵶣ĵƾ񱩷꣬棬Է֮Ľ
ҵƵӡǣ̻㣬ھ߿š
սƣ


ɱĵ֮⣬ǳأʿǿߣʿӡţ׷׿߿գ˶ֹͣ˼޾廳ӵƽٵڡ
ôܣսƣǴڰôܵõ
һѪͣΧɱľͷǣҲֻͣһˡ˻֪ЩͷΪζͣɱǽٵĵƣ˵𺳡
սƣֻܷӡڿԪ֮СĪǣӮԪаʻϣ߻мˣκۡ䶯䣬伸
κ۾⣬ҡҡͷնôһӽˣƽǵķӡ޷Ӧȴںˣ
ʲô˼䶯̫࣬ŭƺԸţƿصĿܣ˴ҡڳǰ
ԫ뼸ʮ𱣳ľͷǣһһƣǼʶģԫ̾λ˽ⲻǵõĴУں˿Ԫ񵶣
ɱ
ʱʮ֣վһһƾҲŵڶʮ֣ն졣
һˣȴɱ⡣
ӮʴһӣԱһ֣һˣӮʱɳɱն졣
ܣǧơͭƻôҵĺ
봥Ŀĸ֣Ȼվһʵڲţ׷ʲô
ǽ
Ӯɳһɱն죬ͻȻԱߵĳħ𣬻߳һץ֮ӿǺ˵棬һһһ೤Ľۣô
ɡɴ۵ķ֮
·֮УԪаʼ֮ͷŵĽʱһƺˣɴйϤ˽⡣
ԭ⼸ˣ赲ҵȥ·
һľͷС
ԫͫͫٿȻʱſԭȥץն죬ڰ·ķ֮Уɴ۵
ˣħ𣬼֮ƺһС
ٿ

ɽۣԣնʱ˻һ֣ɽһײ
֮ϣֱ˵ͷ棬ֱӼЦǰǳħ
֮
ʱա
Ǹֶ߳˷ֵĸ֣һֱע⵶ڵı仯෢µӣ˾Υɫɴ۰칬Կݺ޵֣Ľ£û뵽˵ﴫ𣿡


1287 ¸ҵģ2
ɫ꣬һͷƺϣΣɴ棬дĴ档
һֱͣڳħе֮ϣͫʱʱͫ⣬Ȼܻû칬һӰ
ڷϿգ
ħʩչ֮һסÿˣԣڳ֮ˣ֪ħõɴ۵ĴУɾͱȻǳԽͷĴڡ
ˣ׻ɽۣм԰
ħ⸱飬ڼЦٺ٣֮µģҪΪӮʡԪаʻ죬Ӿ㼸֣
Ԫаʣ
գһֱע⵶ڱ仯ĳ෢꣬ΪϹŶֻڳֶ߳ʱй𺳣֣֮Ҳֻ΢΢һԪаĸһ𾪡
뿪ʱ䣬ֶ˼ҪѹĶԪаʾ֮һĪǣʣ
ڳ෢ϣֲƣʣΪ٣һֱ֣δֳٵľֶΣԭʵ칬׷ɱ֪Ԫаʣһʣ
˾Ȼ֪ҵ
ڷ֮ϣ
ĺˣֻһŭǶٸ֣ħֻһڵĴڡ
һˣȴˡ
ǱӮʲսƣһͷӮʰǿԪаʣܾΪγħһ֪
ˣ˱ˮתֱµı仯Ūͷԡ
仯ϲնӮȻ˫ɱǽɱڣնƺӮʵ˷ѣֶһɴ۵Ĵˡ
̫ľͷ֪һصı仯
նͻȻҶһۣҶƺйնͷԭԪа칬ͨֲصģƺóֻȥÿˡֵܣݣ鹫ʾڣ
ڵˣħɽ𻢣ãһὫԪаӮʱ˵ģ
ԭħ˵Ǿ仰ԪаʵΪԪаӮʸ֪в칬в
л˵
һԱҶƿص࣬ͻȻ̬߳Եоͷ
ɶ񡭡Ϊ࣡̿ȥڻףΪɳͷն졣
ǧͭƻĺ
㲻ǡ
վľͷǣʱ˿ֱ̣ͻȻð࣬ŪøһͷˮһȥˣôͻȻֻðˡ
ҶȿϢ൱ڵλ֮թΪһϤ˵ڽ죬ҪڱһеʵλҲ֪ʱץסõʥҲ֪Щ꣬ƾߵĺܽȷߵĺܽ꣬һֻһֶѣʸΪǻƾңЭݺ춯֮ܳΪƾı뱰ֶεõģεõʥұƾϵ뽭뽭Ϊĳ⣬ҲƿأĿģܼ򵥣ûƾй˼ɣҵ֣ƾɳ߸֣ɱңڱӹһ٣ƾҰΪ֮£ҪɱڣΪԱȲѣ뽭κƵͼм̰ɱ뵶λϹŶǾˣڻƾλգȻԸƵ
ƻҪԻͼ˶֣ӽоȳȻκһһ棬ʾԸ⸨ΪµƵƾһֱЩ䣬ڹ鷢仯κ˾Ȼȥ޽֮أҵӮԪаΪɽ뽭𽥵ų⣬˰ɱңõһʥʥǼˣΪ⣬ְʥｻӮʣΪ˶Ӯʣұ뽭Ӧ԰취뵽թһУǣұ㡭ЦΪΪҺãҺû뵽ˣȻΥҵڵԸ
ұ
ҶȿҪȥ˵ʱи޷侲ǵ롣
Ҷ˵ļƻվӱ˶Ϊһ
ûģҶȼְ֣˵ģ޶ɷΪ˵ڴȨʲôãֻΪﵽĿģһκƾһõڴȨҶҪΪʸ֮ģκһĨɱΪˡ㾹Ȼ֧㣬õڴȨ԰õĴȨλҿûſڴƻƣˣĿסҵĸ֣ĿģõҵʥҪЮԱң롢κۡ䶯졭лƾˣʵΪ棬ֶΣ죬վڸˣΪںҼԪ֮ޱȣˣ֮ˣҿڵңֻµһԪңѾĵ£Ըʥ쵶ڣΪˣԵڣ
ʲô룬֮ǰǶǺܿǿס࣬ʱնɱֻҪõĿԪ񵶶ѣ
ʱ˿̣ǧͭƻվˣǻƣ棬ȻӡŴޱġ֡
ǲɸƵģ
ʵôĹ֮ڡ
룬㾹ȻΪ˶ȡڵĴȨκȾȻӮԪайϣƾ㣬ΪȻ޳ֶΣһһΪﵽĿģ˫մٵѪЩˣȻҲǣԫԼϹŶȻûͬ㣬ıڴȨûƾΪ飬Ȼⲻ˽ʲô꼰𣿡
նվ˳
һ̣ˣһӣͷȻץģҶʱ뵽İ취ͷڳÿһˡ

СˣÿԪնͷ­쵶ڵδλն죬õӣӮʣңõʥͻٵκۡ䶯졢㽭룬ң֮λҵеĿܣǺڰУڣƾȷ֪ǵأôôľӪһﵽ֮λɶٵꣻЩľͷǣȴԵڵڱ䡢ᣬӶְԼʲôڳǣѵΪ֮Σ
նץסͷ­˵ÿһ仰ÿһ֣ǰģסÿ˵ն죬ߵ죬ʶλıѣ˽ԼǵĮԵڵĮҡһţһֱҶеķȷǷôãҲһûҵֵܣ߲嵶ҲҶ޷վҺοһֱҲδҹҸһѪҺ԰һֱԴΪš
硭ԱƯҶȣţͷͲζҲһο


1288 ¸ҵģ3
˵ô࡭
նͻȻԳһЦݹ¶Ҷ
뵱꣬ոռնһĻҺãʱն죬ŴݣһŹ¶ûз
꣡
һԳ
ն쾹Ȼͷ­˲䱬ըѪڿзɢٿȻһնӶпԪ񵶣ÿһͷʼɣѡɣٸ֣Ҳ壬ôһɺ飬ӣڵĺжѪɰɣ
ն죬˵Ǵ㻹һ˵һڻɱڣ
һѡվˣȻǽ룡
ΪѾûκ·ֻɱڣл·
Ȼնûпһ
ڵȴ
˿̣κۡ䶯죬УǶˣͼìɱ뵶𻹻ţˣͻȻӮʡ
ԣڵȴӮʵ֧ԮΪӮԪаʣûоȫ
½֮£Ϸ޹أ౾Ǳڣ֮ˣߣ
֪
κۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶𳹵ʧȥϣһĻˣӮԪаʵ䲵һ˦һ˦䣬ԪаʣŰĺˣ˲ȥ
ǰȵǣ
ˣҲӮԪаʶȥ
ЩһȺӮ֣νƻˣҵټϾͻᱩ¶һǻʱգȥѰһɣԪаһƳˣòðɡ

ӮԪаʵԹʱκ˴һˣ͹һǸֶȥ
ӮԪаʡڼɵ칬һ㣬ñãҲߣζǡû뵽ף
Ҷն΢΢һЦȻ˲ʧ
ಣ
κۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶ӮʡԪа֮䣬ҶһۣͻȻ˫롣
ҶȵͻȻ֣Ϣͷ졣
ҶȿκˣҲȥˣȻѡѵڣԸҴ磬죬ǾǵڵˣԶҪ
СӡôеϤĸо
ӮʡԪаʸǰͲ뿪ԪаʣͻȻҶȣƺʲô죬΢΢Ӯʷٶȡ
ѵ
Сӣ
ͷͬʱһٵ޵оͷϣȻֱ飬ѾҶȾǵǸشӮʵСӣΪ̹ҶǹĿռͨ
ͬΪֶͬͨΣٸֳĸӦѾ϶ҶȾǵǸСӡ
ҶһЦѣΪ˲ӮԪаϳûϢòǣ޷ȫӹֵͨӡ
ҶȶʱֳءԵȻӮʡԪаʶӣǰαʶ½֮£Щģҵʦ𣬾ڶߵģףִڣҪ˼ݣˣУѣַҲûã
Сӡɽˮ꣬ţ
û뵽
ڵľͷû뵽һĻˣҶһߣȻһӮԪаʻˡ
ʱҶѾûˡ
Сӣ
κۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶ͷû뵽˰·Ǻ£ʱҶȵͷ̣òΡ
ҶȲΪԸңǺǣÿûͨУҪΪӣ⣬ҶԵˣӲĴ磬˽ңڽƾ˫ǾͿŰ죡
߿գħˬһЦٺ٣ϴԸ֣ôƾСЩˣסն֣ԸǼڹ˵
ˡ
һֻڣһֻڣһһ٣ˣͬʱҪԸĸ֡
ôܣ
һʣڵľͷԺͬҲڽ롢ƾκ۵˵
˿̣浶ڿҪĽΧΪնͷսƣĵʿ飬ѾٱĮڲϿ

ʱ˿̣һͻȻ˫֣Ц
Ǳˣ˲ĺʵǻƾħһֿҶն죬˵һЦ
ɱ
κۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶ˣȴƾĮҶСڣֱӳҶȣһȻƣȻǶٵĴڣƣҶˡ
ǣ̫СҶȡ
Ҷûжִ㣬ϣĮȻɫȻ˲һٶȾȻԽκ۵ˣһӣ޿ܣ
Ҷȿɲ᱿Ϊȥٸֽ֡
ɲǼ䣬һǹ⣬ͷޣ޴ޱȵǣľسҶΧκΧڸ߿ա
찡
ǲ˲ݡ
ҶǣһʩչͨǾǾ춯ء
ⲻͷųͷޣκŵһ䣬ΧЩͷҲ¶ɫڷ浶֮ĵʿʼֹޣǿǴ޽֮أޱ׺ݵޣǵٶ죬ҲǵĴ
ȥɣ
ҶȴһӡͷޣͷԸһͷ̿ʼ׷ʹȥ
ͨСӣƿȶٵޣֶΣҲҴأ޷ӵķӡӮЩٸֶ֡
ǳ෢꣬һĻҲ΢΢һȤ
ôˣ
˾ˣƾҲ
֮ǰҶˣתۣſԭбĲκۡ롢Ӯʣնˡ
磬ԸЩˣǿԼˣ
Ҷȵһնߣǧơͭƻʵʵվں
նħ¶ЦݣҶһһ֣ʮͷޣȻӿֳŻƾҶȻûд֣֣ʮͷ޸ͷų
һ£ƾжʮĸ֣ȴͬ޿ܣΧγһ޴ķȦ
·ƣһӾͱҶһŤתˡ
ɱ
Ҷȵ߶һӡ
໣
ʮͷ޿ܣֻн롢ƾˣ˭һͷͷޣʱɷĹ֣һ֡
Щ֣һٵٵĴڣ޿ʵҲ߶ȣǶ֮ǰɱУ˲Сһ¾ͱ޿ܣ׷ɱɢ
Ҷ˵磬ǵսͿʼˡȻ޿ܣܰǴæҪնɱЩˣǲףƵжǧͭƻ㣬һԸ㣬ȥԸƾɣٸ֣޲ãǿУĶ١һٸ֣ȻˣٶԸƾס磬סУ
βͳˣֵܷģҲçײ£ȷڵĻʵ̫ǿ󣬶ϼ޻նҶ취
ˣҪúñסҴİΣҶؿǧơͭƻ
ѱҶȳĸΥ
ն֣̿ʼΧѰһᣬƾ
ϴЩˣȴΪǵ֣ǵǿͻΪԴﵽڣҿԴﵽһ٣նҲԴﵽһٵı׶Σ
ֻʣҶħƢġ
Ҷ¶ΪЦݣҲôģ


1289 ն
޿ܣסһͷ
Ȼ󣬱ƺʩչǧͼһǿߣС
նҲǧơͭƻͷƾ
Ҷʱ޿ΧԶԫϹŶԶԶһĻѾ޷Լġ
ˣȻ˲ƽ֣һǿľͷѹȥô޷漣
浶Χ۶ĵˣԽԽࡣ
ȶԸ롭
Ҷһͷ޴ףͷ޺󷽣Ŀ꣬ǾǱͷ޹иžĽ롣
ϴִ߶ǧͼ޲ס֮ʣǿԳ䲻չħڨڨЦһ졣
ҵʵ߶ǧͼ͵Ϯһٸ֣Ƕٸ֡תɣ
̣ҶȾ뵽е
ڳ˱ͨʩչ⣬ֶͳͳʩչҶ뵽õսǱת鶦飬תҲ飬ʵٸֲ಻
Сǧ
ͬʱҶҲ߶ͼСǧ
ˣתҶٻֱֳǳ֮롣
Ҷ̶ԽǧͼڲתʵתСǧ߶ͼǶԸЩٸ֣⣿
תˣǧͼķںϣԿ໥ǧͼʵ֮£Ǻôǧͼӳ
Ǿж
ҶȿƣȻ˸ͬĿ⣬ҶһץסԪ֮޼ս˻ơʥǹܵʹá

ߺ˱޳忪һޣŭˣӮʡԪаߣնɱƾȡȨõĻᣬҪնɱ谭һС
ͣ
һŽٸʩչһռѣһͷϣʱƤѪɣӴ̣һֻ˶ѣûһͽ֮նɱ
ڴ˿̡
ĺ󷽣ͻȻռ仯Ϊһ޹ȦһϢĺ󱳡
Ц
΢΢һѾӦ͵Ϯ֮䣬ָץһֱһƣ޽ɱȥ
޽ʧ뵶ᣬ룬ƺռʱۡ
룬ö㶯֣죬ΪãǴ󣬸ɣν࣬һֱΪһֱˣ࣬ң
Ҷµ޽ֳ
㣿
˵ãһ˵ͻȻҧгݣƺڲףΪļƻͷãһȭӿҶȡ
޷򣬾Դ
ٸֹʵڿ£Ҷֻܣռĵϴ߶Դ޷ںϣԼռ໥Ħ˲ڵɱʱ
¡
˲䣬֮ǰڵĿռ䣬˲䱻÷顣
԰һ
üͷû뵽ҶûǿϢȴѲո׼ͻȻ򷨵Ľ

Ͼͷ˲ӦϢȻû㣬Ϊħɵһ˿Ц
Сǧת׼ˣںҵ޷򣬽һ룡ý벻ע⣬֪ûвҶȿʼʩչֶΣѴǧͼں޷Χռ䶼ƿС
ңһ޾ǳ֮⡣
䣡
ۣ
˲䣬Ƶ뽭Ȼ棬ڵΪ٣ɽȻĵ˲öϿƸסٵƣƷ൶ͳͳظϡ
һѪȴ죬һĨѪ룬ڽ룬Ȼ׼ᣬҪնɱħ
Ŀ꣬˫ͫһֱ¶̰Ŀ꣬ǳħ𣬻ɴ۵
ʮ·ɽ
ٿһħץ֮ڽ˲ٶȣƿصҪնɱ֮ʣͻȻ֮Χʮ˵֮ĲӰ
źһ£ٿ䣬ʮ˵ɲӰںһӵʮ˵ĲӰ滩һն¡
벻мЦСƣ̫СˣСӣ̫˷ֱ֮ɴ۵ĴУô㣬Ҫˣû뵽컹ң
룡
ۿĿֻ꣬гħһˣԳħʵʱҶͻȻ֪Ժεȵͨسڽ档

ո֣Ҷȸպ뽭ײڣοԽײҶȾͱɣң㲣ͫѪ˿
ĶֻգۣҶȾȻˡ
ǰֻҶħƺһУ˲նɱˡ
ӿĵֱӻΪ籩Ҷϯȥˣ뱾棬ǰʯͷԼĽţһΪɣһҺ£
ƣ
ҶͻȻһۣȻ˫ջһԲҪƴֵһǳ֮⣬籩뽭ӿȥ޷򣡡

ħͳͳشӺ󷽣ҶȺ󱳡
ܺ벻мһЦ·Ѿõɴ۵ȻֻõڵĴȨ
ǣˡ
ĵ籩ԭԻһ򣬺οҶħ𣬵ǣ籩ȻڵĿռ䣬ǳ֮˸Ȼ໥תλãڽոշǳ֮ĲʱѾˡ
ΪһĮ˫ۣǳ֮Уϡ
Ȼ˼ޱߵǳͫ⣬ȻΪӰһ㣬𺳣ɳһڱͳͳһ̣ǳ֮⣬
ವһˣ
һ쵱ĵһٵľͷô治ˡ
ϴ󣡣Σħ̳ҶԱߣĲѡ
ã޷Ԧ˵ñȽءˣǵøЩˣЩ壬ȥ磡
ƣҶϴ߶ԪħϢϸ߿գͷڻˣͬʱӰһɳնǧơͭƻ
磬ץסˣնɱ࣬շһڣǴ㣬նɱһ㵶ڣÿͬʱ̣
ɣ룡
Ҷȴһץն棬ǳ֮УͻȻ԰̬ڼǰϣȫһӵתϢķӡ
ǧͼ֮󣬾̱תСǧѹתСǧϣѹȫ⡣
ǣǿɣǽ룬ҰĲֶΣƵĵ߸ϵ䣬ڴˣǿΪڵ־
ն쿴޿ܰΧһھͷǣһԫˣΧĵʿ
һ̣߸ߵؾ𿪻Ԫ񵶣
ҴˣǵˣҪɱң
κĿģֶΣͷյֲ֣š
ͷģǵǸ׳־Եõڵĵ

ڵʿĬˣ
û뵽ᱻץס³Ǹû뵽һ̣뾹Ȼûһ˿ϣ˵š
룬ˣ˴ʧȥ־ǿ̣Ѿˣ
ն첻һУŻƾκۡ䶯оͷ棬ʱ䣬Ԫޱȷ֮ƣٿն¡
ͣ
ľ
һͷ­߸ߵ
ն츧ſԪ񵶣·˵һѾõ


1290 սƾ1
ڷգžֻп޺꣬ײеĺ˶ǿŸ߸ͷ­
һڱնס
ӵͨʿκۡ䶯졢ԫЩǿ䣬ƿԣĵ֮Ҳδִ䡣
նˡ
еĿԪûմκѪƺӵе־ʥ뱻£մ۵㣬Ƕĳ衣
Щǵڣǿ뿪Ȼ뿪ֻ·һȥڵ£ҵģ
նץסͷ­˲ϢһףڼŽҵĺǰЩˣǽˣҲûбҪȥû˿ԥŽͷ­ضȥ
Ҫǣ޿ǣÿһ
ϴ󣬿սħһʱ䣬ҶȻָΪ
Ҷ̶ŽʬһָһץӥץСѽʬ֮С
Ȼ߶¯չ̫޼˻ף߶ա½𵤣ȫ̫һʼӿ뱻¯ȼյĽ롣

κۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶λǿߣѱ޿ŰѪģǵǣ뱻նɱһĻʵǲ࣬ڱ俪ʼһֱһ
˶޷˳ɱ룬Ҷȡն졢ħ˾ôˣνٶܵĳ
̶̼Ҷȱָݵ̬磬ƣ̫ӴˣѾһָ֣ò࣬ʣŲ֮裡
Ȼ䣬һƺڱ俪ʼҲڽ
һϹŶ߳նѾչһϾǵԼˣͣɱ¾ŴҶͬΪ
Ѿʧüλ䡭һ̾Ϣ
һκۣκ֣Ǿŵ֮һȱ̬Ӵ˲׷ͣⳡǵڵĳ裬Σ
ˣϾΪ䣬˭Ը⿴Լڷɱκۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶ƺǵ飬йͬ뷨ûж룬ͬ취
Э𣿡
ն찺Цһˣⳡڱ䲻ȱٵһЭҲԣӴˣǲǵڵ䣬ңӴ˿̿ʼԶڷӮһػأǼβͻ뿪ҵڲκˣҪ߱ߣҪ£ֻսһѡǵͷ­쵶ڣõѣǲģ
㡭
ɲǼ䣬һƬȻ
κۡ䶯졢ͼìɱ뵶ˣӲţնһȻҪڡ
Щľͷǣ·𶼱ն쵱һ⣬Ϊնûаǵ˼ȥȻǸ䣬ϹŶȻôסն죬ǯն죬Լ治ܵǣ
ǣն᲻֪ǵ뷨
ԲŲмһˣ̸ԣô͹ڣնԸ
Ҷն·йҶ̱䣬һ˿ɣĻЦˣǶٵĴڣҪѡͿЩʵǣУǣнѪսǵ뷨ܿӵġ
ҪôսҪô
Ҷȡն졢ħ̬ȡ
Ǳһ䳰ȷɱһֻʣǿһȻǻƾ
ƾ˫֣Ӯʽ֣δκƣؿκˣ֮Աǡ
ȥǸûһôǾһʧܣǾֻ뿪ڡ
ͼìκˣȻѾԤϵһĻķ
ߣ
κΪϵѡûпƾն컹еһۣѡѪ䣬йʧܵ뷨
˾į뿪ˡ
ŵʮ䣬˵ˣʧ֮һǶԵڣصĴ
ЩڵδһƮҡš
Ӯȥƾ͸ıˣֱնףһκ۵ҲȥֻһĴڡ
Ǿǻƾ
ΧʮͷޣмͷҲƾȸնɱپͽƾʮ˰Χ
նҶȡһǣնӻƾƾҲı䵶δĹؼˡ
նƾ潻ˣɱңϧһδεѣ㵱ôҲû뵽УΪϵĴڣΪλǰɣ
ƾʮְΧ¬졢󣬻м䣬һֱδȥϼˣȻǿ
ƾмһЦն죬ضԣ㲻ãСһҲûںٵĴڣվǰСˣɣʣ㣬ʣһˣͿԼλ
ƾҿûͬΪ֪ڳ⸱ӣʲôã˭ģ
ͻȻһǿ߷籩Ӹ߿սٶ
Ϣǵ𣿡
˶ǿ߷籩Ҷȴ˲Ӧ˭ڵڣ˵滰ˣҲûеڶˡ
ȻƳٶߣʮλϹŶ
ա̣ƽʱ飬ǶμӣڡֻҪ侮ʯ𣿡ƾȻݣƺһ
ǾһӸߴһƿȨƵĴܣΪʲôûеͨôܵκأЩˣûͷϲϼţ¼ĭӡ
˵ʵǾ仰ϻһƶʣɽԶףһʧȥУͻΪһˮԼ֮ˣ䳰ȷͲÿЦ
ʱ˿̣ƾ뷨
մʮϹŶһǿĶٸ֣տƾߣΪڵڶʶˣ㻹ʲôʸʲôڵڣ
ƾȴЦҲҧˣ
㡭յˣǵһܵƾ裬ỹ侲޶ã
ǰֽ֮սԼսնͻȻؿ򵶳ˡ
Ȼƾƾɣһ˲Ķֵ֣ܣأЩˣܸ㵽ʱ𣿡

ƾͻȻ쳤ХٵϢʱصĵض籩ϯڽ
أΪ֮һ
Ӯʽֵʱ̣Ҳûб˾޵еơ
˺ɣٵƾģնҶȡơǧơͭƻ
ڳϹŶֲܱˣֻôʮˣĶ١һپͷסΡ
ƾ̫ǿˣնһ֣ԫˣз浶Χĵʿ

ǲٳɣҲⳡУһϹŶ߸ߵط߿գ浶ĵʿٴ˺ʮ
ҶȻ˿ѹ̫ãǱʱ򣺡磬ӽ쿪ʼҶΪһǿߣȻ̲ףǱϾɳˣ
ҵȴһ̫ˡ
նˬʵһЦȻǸն죺ֵܻδȼս


1291 սƾ2
Сģ
ҶնԻ֮ʣһԵĳħͻȻͫ⻯Ϊħ
䣡
һӰԳɽӰƣȻֱ𿪼ͷޣһһץ˾˲ƵٶȣȻѾɱҶǰ
Ŀռ䣬ˡ

˹˲նɱҶˣпܡ
Ҷû뵽ƾͻȻһƬȻ߶Ԫ߶޷򣬰ն졢ħǧͭƻÿռĦشӻǰһ̣ʧ
¡
գۣ˾ѳһ֮⡣
һ˸ո뿪Ƭռ䣬ﵽһ룬ռ䶼ֹ״̬棬Ҳ˲䱻˺ѡ
ƾתһ⣬ƺû뵽ٵСĴڣȻ˲
ˣҶһ֮⣬Ҳƾƣ죬ܵӰ졣

ಣ
ǿߣ˵֣㶯ˡ
ƾҶ˴Ϣᣬ˵κιһ֮䣬գۣͻΪӰ
̫ǿˣ˱ֹ
Ҷһ̣Ѿƾʵﵽεȸ߶ȣҲò߶ͨǧͼ
䣡
ת˲ƾӰѾΪָҶ˵ƿն̫죬ͬʯһ㡣
ಣ
ǧͷһƣץסͭƻ˾ȷɳһһǳ֮⣬ƶ뿪
ҶˣۿҪƾնɱѾ·ӣûκʵƾָѾ鵽Ҷǰ
ͷڿһ̣
еˣʣѵڵδô;ˣ
ΪҶȡն졢ħˣȫǻƾĶ֣ͬ߶֮ϣƾɱˣǰ϶ʵ
漣ڲܻ澳Уˣ
ҶˣȻϢƾղˣ
ƾҲŸƬռ䣬֮ǰԵϯɢռһλΪ˹״̬
ǻƾһ㵣ʵ벻ͨһУҶ˸޷ӱܣ֮ٶ빥Ƕٸ֣Ҳֻķݡ
ƾ
˿̣ڻƾΧγǵķλϸվһӰǲ֪ԺεͨϢ͵ΧҶȡնħ
նЦݣԻƾ¶һݾ⣺أȵҲʲôΪʵǡ
ƾһ£ΪǰҶгٶͨҲûǿƾٿΪһЦܿܣʸ𣿡
Ҳ֪ȴ֪ı仯޷Ԥϵģԣÿˣ޷֤һ̻ᷢʲô׽٣
նͻȻ˫չ
׽٣
ҶħҲͬʱͬĶ
Ϸƾ侲뿴նҶȡħֻϣܱʲô
֪ʩչķɲʲôϷǡߵ
Ҳֻдߣͨ
߳߳߳
ն졢Ҷȡħ֮ƣͻȻγһͬѪϢϢʱΪף㼯ڻƾϷ
ϴ̫Сˣ֪׽٣ʱڣһĴڣ
ħɭɭЦ

ҶնĿͬʱһ裬˶ʱһͬӡཻڻƾϿյףͻȻ˹ϵĽ

ױ仯ǿǣӦ٣绹ܿ
̫Сֻϡ
ƾɫ粻ӳϢףѾͷſֲƣһ·ĸ֣һˣȻ޿ܲס
ƣ
ٿ֮䣬ƾȻһԾͬ鵶ˮƣұ۵һ˦ץһγһѩ׵񵶣ȻϷףֱһɳһޱȰԵѩ׵
һ̣ƾΧĿռ䣬·գӿ޺
һУȻտռеҶΪߣȻóƾˣȻȻںϣȵز
ף
նΪߣӵˣ׽ҲֻۣҶƶ޷ӵʲãʳָƾͷŵĵ΢΢һ㡣
ҶƣҲͬʱһ㡣
꣡
һɲͬ٣ȴӵϢףϵϢǻɫģڲͬ
ɫףͬһһߵвڻƾʱͬҰް㣬ײеȥ
ٵҶȡħնߵĿ£ײһ
֨֨֨֨
׶ʱס󲿷ƣҲһߵС
ˡ
Ҷȡն졢ħˣȻŵУҲܵƵӰ죬һ𣬲Ѫ
ĵȴ״͸ʼըͬһͬΪ۹â
ʲôʲôȻˣƾٵĴڣ⣿
̫ʵˣַܴǴڣһţӵôǿԳԽϹͥ칬
뿪浶ľͷǣҶʩչͨˣ̾Ϣ˺ϻ֮
ȻСǣͨǲΪ̫ˡ
ƾҲˣұ֮ϣӮʳ֣Ҳûֱ飬ûϵֻɱĸ򣬻ӳģͬѼӣƵģԶԶԤϡ
˷ʽ
ȻһŭҲƺʶΪ֪Ϊʲô𽥸оնˣܴĪв
ѩ񵶣ͻȻû˵
ãȹ
ն쵱ϣҲӦƾҪʩչҶħ䣬˴һӡһɸӾ޴ĻףӻƾϿս٣ʩչһףҶ˶һЩ̬֮
ɼʱڵɲôüԦģ
˷ʮ
ƾʱ񵶣˵ȻΪ˵޴ޱȵĵһ㣬Ӱ˸򣬲ϵسҶȥ

նһ˲˫ֽӡҶȡΧγһƬס
䣡
ɲǣ˹ɵΧ֮ϣҶ˱ˣֻа˹ɵϵعȻƻʼϯ浶ڡ
ǷĴأһϯɨǧƵĽ磬ҲȻ飬һǧ޴ķ棬֮䡣
ףʲô
ƾȻư˹ɵڹնˣҲһɾ޴׹һף֮γɣһʱᣬ޷նµĹȦӡ
Ҷˡ
ʱ˿̣˹ɵȻڲϹڲϱУʼݺᣬ񱻻ƾԿһ㣬еĵѹȻɱǵ֮Уն졢ҶȡħϣһĿĵѪۡ
Ҳʱʱ³һѪȻûзֿ˫ֽ֣ӡ״̬˵ĹҲҪƻףѻƾڹȦڡ
һƾɱһնɱߵĿǰˣҲֹֻЧ
ͻͻͻ
˫ɵĻ̶ȣɢ
浶⣬Ȼĵڣʿڳ룬ǧ֮ڵķ棬ǶһĿġ


1292 սƾ3
עһʷǵս
ֵܣأ֧𣿡
˸ĸ߿գΧ֮С
նվһҲһѪϢ򻹺ۺ
Ҳû£ҵڣлƾ󲿷ĵֻơ㲻أ
֮УҶѾѪۣѪţٸ֣ͨ޵У޴ڣǿ󣬻гն󲿷Ѿûһ˿·
ȥǰ취
նͻȻ顣
ħͬòȥû˿ɵʹ࣬ǸſȻŭʢ򣬱ٺ٣ǵնɱңϴʱǧͭƻ֧ǣ
Ҫǳ֡
Ҷȳĵն졢ѪȾգҶеĶԵ״̬ȥǸǻƾĶ֡
ȥ綯ƾնɱ
ǵĿģѾﵽõľͷʿնǣնһͳڵҪģǵնɱƾͬնɱ룬쵶ڣõһͳ
Ҷ̿նƣȴ߶ףԸƾȻȫ㣬߶Ԫ񵶣ԿԪ񵶵նɱƾ⣬ҲöûڤҪǣÿԪնɱƾ壬ôѪ
Ǹиֵʱ
ˣ
ҶٻǧͭƻͬʱҶȺ󷽡
עǵ֣ƾӦûкǿҶȼ´˼ǧͭƻʱԼ
ٿ
ڴ˿̡
ͻȻһѩ׵Ҷ˵ն̫ͻȻҰԵ޵С
һ·أֻǲĻס

һҪסһУ򣬻ƾܳ忪˹Ȧһɱ˱޾Զκ˳֣ҶȵԼҲԶвն졢ǧơͭƻͲͬˡ
ħҲġ
ͣ
ףʱסΧһεףҶ֮Ƕٸֵ

Ȼڻ׷֮ϡ

ͣ
ƣ׷ϣȻʼ͸Ĺͨѵһ־д͸֮ϡ
ڣƾѵһʵ׷ֱӻҶˡ
ҶѾʩչһܻͬƾһʲôͨˣѪһή״̬ȻһǴش
پͷλڲ棬ȻƿһС
磬һУҪƾܴĴΪѾƿءںҲֵ޼˻ֻ˲ѣᱻ칬ǿӦ
Ȼеðգϴ󣬵һõӣƾΪ̶ʵȻܴĴ
ǾͿʼɣ֮ŭ
ն쵱ʼӡͬҶ취ҶȿʼʩչԼͨ޼˻ףǵĴͻڣǵһʹá
ͣ
һɹɻףӵҶ˵Ҳǧơͭƻٵʱȥ
ֹԲסң˵ʲôҲ㲻ϣ
ƾ֪ն졢ҶȡħĵİͨӰĻףȻɵһİٱģ

ƾûʩչ԰ԵףǼĵ뵶γɼ̷Ϸ
䣡䣡
ͣ
װԵڷ֮ϣƾҲó趯ϾҲҪֹؼףǳһ㣬δ׵Ĵڡ
꣡
ķȻһδιڱԵף飬ӿƾƾץס񵶣ףһһǵضɽҡױÿʼߡ
ͻȻһ׷·۾ûƾһʱͻȻһͬʯٶȣƾ
ߣ
ƾϸӦˣмһףҲµĹͻȻǵ׾Ȼ˺
ۣ
ƾһѪ
ɶ񰡣ƾٵĴڣӮʽ֣Ҳδ˵һ֣ڣˡ
磬ȫ߶Ԫ񵶣
ҶȸӦƾ˵̿ն졣
𵶾ɣ
նʱץԪ񵶣һɹɼϢƣȫע뿪Ԫ񵶣ȻҶȡơǧͭƻҲǿ׷׵ն졣
ԪͻȻʼ죬ֻһɳȻ𽥵죬һﳤ޴ޱȡ
ʥ
ڵʿˣϴϵ֮⡣
ʲô棿ƾһ޴ĿԪ񵶣̷֣еѩ񵶣Ҳʼ죬뿪Ԫ񵶲С
磬ԸˣҪԣ
Ҷϴ߶䣬һɹԣԴԴϵעնڡ
ƾԪ񵶾ϣŴ⸱ǷϣйأҲ쵶ڰɣ
ն쳤ﶯǼϣֱֻǰ⣬߸߻ӶԪ񵶣ͬʱǻƾѩ񵶣ڸ߿տʼײ
Ļ𣬿ʼγɡ
϶ٵͷŵĻƣ̶ֲȻͬ죬ﵽǧĵնƾڸ߿գͣ趯һ潻棬濪ʼ졣
ǴڻҶˣÿһײУܵٸ֣Ŀֲ
ˣ֮ԴԴϵ߶Ԫƾ濹⡣
ôһ𣬲ſһ
ƾ̫ǿˣ
Ҷȴ߶£֪ƾΪжôĿֲû಻ϵԣҲУնҪ
һ񵶶Կǿ棬ƾΪǣپȥ˭֪ʮйն쾹ȻȻһ棺ǵΪ಻ϣ
磬Ҫ͵Ϯˣһ䲻Ĵ
ѾȫȻ޷»ƾȫ¡
ҶҪûڤˣǵõնͬ⣬Ҷͭƻߣ֮䣬ץڤ
κηӡֻҪȫ߶ɣƣҶȿͭƻһ䶣
ͭƻͷûκη˼
ȥɣ
ҶͻȻգͬˣеĻڤֱƾ
ȻԪƾһʱע⵽
߶
ڤ˳ƾҶȿ׼ᣬעһԣͭƻڣͭƻĵ֮ǰƾõƣ˲ת࣬ûü𺳣ٵͳͳͨҶȣ߶ڤ
ţ
ƾȻʮ㣬Ҳ취ƽ˹ͻȻٵΪоһΣڿ
ݣݣ
ٿ֮䣬ոҪ׼ۣʩչ֮ʣͻȻΧͱ뵶ȻͬӯâɵԽ
Խǳĳʰ쵣Щۡ
ף
ƾȻûüϣȴʱسһˮǶɣ⻬ޱȵס


1293 ܾ
׻
Ҷȡն졢ħǧơͭƻ˴һǧ֮ľͷǣʿǣﶢһĻ
ףǿʿõıȻõġ
κιǿķ绤෨ʵʡ
ҵĻڤǼסҶȵҪǻڤǿһ֣ǿȥһˮҪһ֡

ƾǸ֣ҶԪͭƻȫ߶͵ϮƻȻ˲俴
һ̣˶ԽĶԿ
ݣ

Խ޿ײ룬ֱ˺ѿռ䣬Żƾչ𹥻ȫԵĹ
֮ԿûɶײԽھ֮ϣ֮ϣһ𶯣׾Ȼӵһķܡ
ӵ޷ŵ
ɶ񡭡ʲô
էһȥƾδʲô⣬ܵڤ򹥻Ӱ죬Ȼڤƺ׻⣬ĽѾѹƾ׵
ƾˣߣ
ԶգʮϹŶǵڱľͷӪ
ԫ뵶ձȼǵѿƾǻڤ޾ϹƺͶƵعȥ
ԫĮȻؿÿһͷǵϣ٣Щԫ¶һεĿ⣺λڱ䣬ǵʷϴδйġ
š
ͷĬˣ䣬·໥ãΨͼֶεȵĿǶһһ
Ϊ䣬ΪϹŶѵЩ˵Ѿʧȥ˵ڵ־ûУ
ԫɲǼ䣬ϵͫڣֵձһϢһĻ˵ѾߵıԵҶ˵ŬЩϹŶѵôӹӹµµȥŵһλڵδУҲѡ֮Уҿ˵ķ緶ɣڵȷҪļ̳ˣ
ϣǵ꣬Ϊ࣬ӮʣˣЩ꣬һֱվҲн죡
ⷬɲԣֵ˼ӦöᣬڵȴһԴ䣬ھҪһˣٴθڴδ
ʵǲڵȴ𣿵ſ֤ԼһͳڣΪڴδǵΣˣǵΣػͥüͥܵƻǼͥһӣüͥһչ׳ǾͲܾߵģ
ϹŶڲٳĬڱ̬˵Լ뷨
ߣЩˣҾǿߣһףȴźͿɨһϹŶƺΪмΪ顣
ƾȥ˰ɣ
֮ϣȻ˸
Ҷȡն졢ħǧͭƻʱ·ǱԽסˮ⡣
ڤѾˡ
ΪƾˣѾֿʱ̡
Խ֮УȻ֮䣬һĵ⣬ȻԽͬƹ֮һ㣬ͻأɨǧ֮ƣȻб
á
һжƺֹ
Ҷȡն졢ħǧơͭƻ֮ʱǵ֮Ѿ֣֮Уͷųǿͬʯ˶ȡ֮£޷ֺ
ٶʵ̫죬ݡ
Ѿ޷ǵ֮ѾǣͭƻҶߣΪΪĶٸ֣ͷư͵ؿһ˶޷Ӧ£ȫΪҶȵ˵ķͬʱɴ˫ۣ򣡣
ǧ
Ҷû뵽ͭƻȻͭƻӰն졢ơǧǰʱ˲Ŵӵ֮ѹ
Ϊʱ
֮⣬ǣң˲ףʲôپͷ
֮⣬Ƿ֮
һ̣Ҷն졢ħǧƣ֪ͭƻ˵ĸй٣һʧ
ûʹ࣬ÿ˶о磬
Ȼϵļ⡢ۡһһڵ£
ֻգۣһжת˲ˡ
֮ͻȻȥҡ
һѪˣȫѪʧ߰˰ˣһͷŵϢͷ뾭һЩ࣬¶Ҳʧȥ˲ٲ֣Ψһõģӡ
ͭƻ
ţĸѪ̳ڷ߿գ
ƾòֲҶȻն죬ǳħ𣬵ƾԷֱ
նһٵΪȻͭƻ࣬Ѫʧ߰˰ˣѪģеĿԪ񵶣ͷ⣬ն˫ۣؿ񷡣
ħֻ¶ǿľ벻ԣڲӡû顣
Ҷȣ
Ϊ˵ȴᣬħ࣬ҲΪһѪˡ
ǧƣУҵһˣѪ⣬Ų㶼ûˣֻʣһѪƯ
һУ
Իƾ澳еһжѣȻҶȡն졢ħˣ˵˵زֻǲ

նһЦЦûʹ࣬ʹȴЦˣ磬ɳˡ
龻֣
ҶȣɲԼϢͷųȥ칬ǬЩǿ߸ӦУҲҪۼʧȥѪϢ
ȿȡ
·Խˣһ৵طҶȡ
ƾŻɫףһ߳ľףȻڤóΪ˷Ʒ
ɫΪǱɱҶȵˣ޲ðҶȼˣƤѪ
û¾ͺãǧơͭƻǾͻصת鶦ڣúϢõ⣡
Ҷ˫һ֣һǿϢʱǧͭƻһС
̼䣬ն졢ħѪٵϣⶼǻ龻ֵţնħҶߡ
ˣѪܵƯڵգڵ˵ǰ
Һýʣ´룬ƾ̫ǿˣ˹Ȼǰ׶ԸģҺӵûС
һƣžžڳն챳ԽٵʼԴԴϵӿڣԾԡ
ңҶ˲ת鶦ڣʱ˾Ȼָ
ֻһѱѪȾ졣
ƾնץԪ񵶣ȻƾƾƺҲ˷ɱҶˡ
սδֹͣ
Ҷȿն죺磬Ҳܱ¶̫޽֮أٶ֣״̬Ȼȥ޽֮أͻعɽ֣ҲԸʩչ
뵶ѾΪ桭¬졢˱޲סãȥ޽֮أնĵͷ
ٺ١ħʲôû˵ЦúܿģЩ޳ܡ
ƾ
ն𿪻Ԫ񵶣Ӹµȥֻڴ𡭡ȥ޽֮ذɣȥչҲҪ֣죡
ãã
ƾѾȫҶˣС
λǰȱҵˣǻᱻɣھõڱ䣬һؽɣǵڵȨˣָֻ뵶ڰɣ
նһ̬Զھͷǣ˵ȻҶȡħת޽֮ء
ಣ
ƾ̸ȥ
ˣһǰһʧھɽ硣


1294 ͷ
ЩˡȻѾƵϡ
Ҷȡն졢ħ𣬻лƾһһ뿪ʱ
һֱڰעŵһһĳ෢ˣȻڷ浶ڵϿա
ĳ֣ûΧЩϹŶ絶աԫ֡
˼Ȼ뾭һʦͽ֮飬ô£ҾҪܵס෢ݲȣϣӵһʥϢ
һ޽֮أһ
޽֮أ
ȻȫڻݺᡢŰ
һǿߣˣ޽֮棬֮ң
ն죬ҵȷС㣬Ϊκۡ롢ӮЩˣҵմСû뵽㣡ƾ羲ľƵģڻա
ǰԳԭ˳õһУڡ
նĿϣȼһݿƾҵҵģڼ㲻֣δأ
һδɣ㡢ǵ֮ءƾȻƣϣ¶ǿɱ⡣
Ϊʱ䣬᲻ˣҪʯ
磬ûڤȥѾֻжٵһͨǴﵽٵĸ߶ȣǸ˶Ķ֣ȻûˣǱʩչߵһ
Ҷݹ۾ƣֵزֻп쵶ն顣
ﻹһżΪķȻԻǰͨΪеͨǻǰǿͨն˵
ߵںʲɣ
Ҷͷ
ͣ
ʩչͳһţ
ţ
ƾ˫üһ֪ҶˣҪֹʱһѲ⵽һͨʲôǷ
ҶȲڡնǸո̤һٵĴڣħҲڣ˼һ𣬰ճȵһԲ֣ٸֶ޷ȡ
ǣ֣ȴܰѻƾٸס
޷
ƾȻһɫ
һ̣޽֮صĺգȻʱγףҰԭ֮ƣҶȡħʩչٶȣ̰ѻƾΧˣһΰѻƾС
ٶȡֶΣҶħƾĵ̡

ƾȻȰһŵɱȥǣҶѾ˫һϣһץ
ʱе磬ʼΧƾϵ
ƾˣΪˣˣϵףߣײϢƻ
ǣҶֵȻûնɱǿͨȻ޷ѹٸ֡

һβУеڶΡΣ
Ҷȡն졢ħ뷨
ÿһʩչʱڵͨ˶һֽƣѸУɼжôҺҶȰдնƲϹвɷţǳħ𣬱ҶȲȥ
һδƾͷŵι޷ƿװΧƿʼأȻûΣգһֱȥҲñҶˣ³
ΪʲôֻϣҶ޷նɱ
ײסĻƾŭɶûа취ΪԵǣߵǸ˻ʲôһȻ

Ȼ䣬һӰڻƾǰؼӰһ˿Ӱ졣
һͷ쳤ꡣ
ʦ𣡣ʦͽƾ෢꣬ʱһ֣ݡ޷ĸо
෢Ƶ˵Ϊʦûз㣬ȥᵶڵ֮λֻԼһɳĿѾﵽѾǹȥĵڣΪʲôֵҫʱ
ʦңҲΪԼʦ𣬵ҿĴڣȴҪԶͽΪ㲻ģͽҪǿõڣһƵ칬ƾһ̣Ӽ෢꣬㿪ʼıˡ
칬
෢ԳЦ֮ĶԹ칬ǿ󣬲ģΪʦ㣬һһ٣̤٣ȴ޷㣬ٿ񣬰ҪԵ֣ǡöûУǴﵽҲ޷Ϊʦ
ҡƾóĬˡ
ʱˣУܹޱߣ㻹δΪʦԶûˣԶ޷ΪʦҲû졭ڲЩΪʦҲ㣬֮һУýˣ
෢˵ꡣ
ת
ֻ΢΢һƣΧ򣬾Ȼھ𶯣׶ʱһ£㲻ˡ
ǿߣ
Ҷȡն졢ͬʱһ˺߽⣬һصĳ෢꣬ͬǿĻƾһ߳Ҫתȥ
ƺûаҶˣС
ַ·𣬵һУһ̣
һȣ
ͻȻڳն죬ڳ෢ǿʱҶƺ뵽ʲô֮Ȼһ޷֮
һҵĿռ˶ѳ෢ƾס
ƾͻȻתؿҶȣĮȻһȣ
ƾˣɲ㣬Ҳһ֮ܵи˵иɣ
Ҷն졢ջϣҶƺйնƣ¶Ŀ⡣
Ҷȶʱ𾴣ǳ෢걧ȭλǰһֱϢһֱǱ󣬿ǣȴûжǶ֣ؽȣ
Сҿûʱ䣬ȥ෢ͷҲص˵
ҶȲûоţǰȻǰ㼫أ֪ǰ㣬칬ΪڣӵһʥϢϢҺϤȻǰˣ޷۾Уǰйһ֮Ե
йһ֮ԵЦɣ
෢껺תȻᣬǷݴǣȴС
һԵĻƾҶȵһ𺳲ѡ
ҶȼǰݣʵǰأΪ칬ϢϤĺܣǰ־ϢǷ˳ͷ֮İͷ֮֮֡ϣ
ͷ֣֮Ȼ֪෢һʼ´Ҷȡ
ǰͲ֪ͷֵ֮ģڳͷ֮磬޼ʯһȻǳͷ֮磬Ϸ̾ųͷ֣֮ͷ֮棬ӵǰ־ǰһ칬УλĴڣȻǰ칬ھɽ磬ڵڱȻ칬ַˣ
û뵽ͷ֮ϵ־
෢ȻС̾ȻģҶȣˣϣֻ칬ִߣпܼʶͷ֣֮ҳͷ֣֮Ҳ˿ԼġԴϴΣͷ֮ңӳһ𷴿߰ɣǱ˵ˣѾ뿪칬ܶ꣬һɢ˶ѣ
Ҷֵǰ־ܿӡǳͷ֮֮ϣǰǷǷǰҲÿأֶΣҪҵǰݣʵܼ򵥣֮˵ЩΪˣȷǷߣһֱѰͬˣǰ㣬Ȼһλǰʱ䣬ǿǣһ
˼˼Ӧ֪ǣֻգ۶ѣ
෢Ȼֶ˼Ҿ͸ǣţǳͷ


1295 ûʸ
ͷ
෢һƿµƣӲ񷿴Ҷˡ
Ҷˣ˲ס֡
̫ǿˡ
о෢κϢңһֱ෢ꡰͷţѾ޷ġ
Ҷȴݲȣǰͷ֮磬ϵô֪ǰ֪һҪӦǰϤ
ŶͷȻȤһ
ΪǬҶٿȻһ֣һԶǣ޷ľС
Ǭ
ͷ¶֮⣬ƽ˫ۣȻӿһɳ𣬶˲䣬ͷͻȻһ
¡
ޱߵĳֻգۣ㸲Ҷȡն졢ڵĿռ䣬ͨٶȣ˲ƣٶ֮죬ǹҲ١
Ҷ˱ΧӰգյڲ
ðСӡȻԳͷ֮磬ϤǬȻӳȥˡĪйϵͷ˲չƺ˲ɱҶˣһ˼⡣
ʦͨƾһϲ
ͷ۵ֻϣ̥Ȼڳͷǰһ治һͳͳˡ
ţ
Ȼͷ̧ͷ¶һݴľ⣬ֱ˫֣һԵĻƾƺ֪ʲô

ȼյĳ˲䲻ˣ
Ҷȡն졢ħƺΪҽûʣ£յգֻȵϯ
˭֪ͷΪ͵һЦСֶͨΣֲã޿֣ԭӵִ˵еķǧͼ
ǧͼûƾͻȻ
ϣûκεķӵںϿռ䣬ʧռֻдǧͼû뵽ˣһǵŹ£һɴ۵Ĵߣһ˵Ĵߣ
ǧͼɽһռ䷨䲻ɽ磬κ޷Ƚϣ˴ɽ磬һݴ棬ֵú˹ǳɣдǧͼҪԸǣʵף
ͷָ򾲡

ɲǼ䣬ҶȡնƣڳͷǰʮգֳҲһ
Ҷȵǰ񣬲ǵõ˴ǧͼżȻںϰˣ
ˣǱһҪĴڣɴۣҲҪһЩʱڣܼûмˣСӣ˵ô֪Ǭģͷƺ̫⣬Ҷ֪ͷ֮磬֪
Ҷȣȴѳͷ֮繹죬Ǭ˵ǾͲһɿԽ͡
ǰղŶҵȳ֣֪ǰݣ칬ˣǲǣҶڻش֮ǰһ⡣
Ȼ칬ˣǣڲ칬Ѿͷ˵
Ļͺǰˣǰһܾȣ֪ͷ֮磬֪ͷ֣֪֮Ǭģһķߣܽͷ֮пܼͷ֣֮Բ֪޼ʯǬĴڣ
Ȼݣʱǰ칬ŲݵĳޣǬһħӡ֮أģͨ޵УȻ£ңԸ칬ǴԪĴڣ͸¶Ǳ칬֮ѹģı޼Ϊ޽֮صԴϧ˼̫ܾҪ󣡡Ҷһϯ飬Ӻ˵úʵ󲿷֣Ϲġ
Ϊͷ˽칬Ը칬Ǳһԭöˡ
ԭˡ
ͷƺҶȵһϯҶӵдǧͼ˵ĴߣǬȻҪԸ칬
һУƶ
ͷ̾ǬǱˣǳͷ֮ƿߣˣһƿߣ칬֮ƿسͷ֮磬꣬Ǭ߶ƿ޼ʯʹûûгͷ֮磬û뵽ΪԶҪΪ칬ūȴзһ죡
Ȼ
ҶѾõԤе뷨еĴ𰸣ͷȻǳͷ֮ƿߡ
칬ĸ߲㣬Ԫֻ칬һֶͨѡ
ͷһ˵˵Եõ۵䣬칬ĵһܡ
ʣҶ칬õ򵼣ǾԭҲǾԪǰ칬Ҫͷ
ͷڵһּįɫҶȣܵõǬأȷЩܣ̫СӵдǧͼЩͷҲлնɱֻĴۣԹˣЩϾͷƽϣ
ǰ˵
ҶȹͬжնƣҪСΧһУȻ˼һֵǬЩʣ̸Ͻʣʵû뵽ִڣᱻ칬ѹ
ֹ°Ŀ˵Ĵڣȷʵ֮ϣϧǿлǿ֣һɽһɽߣǵͣ칬ǰ㲻ʲôղᵽĪ㻹ʲôйʣͷһҶȡ
Ҷ֮⣺ȻУУʵǬǿǱǡʥ棬ǰ
ۣ
ͷһԾͫЩ𲻶ϵȼգһ̣ҶѾ׼ô߶ǧͼ
Ϊͷ֮ǰܶǳ֣Ĩɱǣô˲ٴζǳ֣޷¶ǵ˼
칬ʲôܣΪҪ칬һУһδ֪ܡ
㻹нʡ˿ɵΨһʥޣʵǿޱȣҵٸ֣ݺɽ磬ϧϹͥĶֱ֣칬ѹ˵ǿߣҲͦģһַѹڳͷ֮磬֪ˡˣʲôԺҪκˣἰټҲԵɽˮתɽˮ꣡
ͷתûٶƬ̵˼
ǰǰΪͬˣһͳԿ칬ҶͻȻ߳һŹʩ
֪ͷһЦûʸҪΪǬں㣬Ҫں㣬֪칬˵ܷģ
ϧ˵Ҷȵһˮ
ƾҵ㣬صڣҿһս㲻ģǰɣ
ͷҪŻƾ뿪ʱնͻȻһȻƣֱӶǻƾ̹Ц
ն죬ߵ죬ȻһõڣѾʦڡһƾԶǵ֮أδûаѵڴ˵δһģƾʱ΢΢פ㣬Ƴһն죬Ȼһ۲ģת
ಣ
ֻǻһ𣬳ͷƾͲӰ
ҶȻͷҲӦͷϢ˵ٶȣ˲ٶȣˡһеġ񡯣
񣡣
ħſɫʱʧҪ֮ǰڰУͶǳ֣ǡ
ǵȷЩͷУ̫ᣬ̫ˡҶȽһ̾
ǻȥɣ
նһڴƣתɽȥҶħԳͷ𺳣Ҳʧ޽֮ء


1296 ն죬ڵ
ʦΪβͽ˵˵칬£
޽֮أĳžκʶֹʱա
ͷŻƾϣͷųԣȻҶƣԣѾն죬һߡ
ƾͷ󣬴žη֮ģüͷʵĿ⿪ʼ
칬£ΪʦԼ˽£ǡĿǰΪ̫С٣ҪϣǺܴͻưܸӦɵ磬ͷĴڣΪʦΪ칬ĳͷˡ
ͷԸ͸¶࣬칬֮£ƾѵõ𰸣һֱĬųͷžʱա
ֻͷʮƬգһ֣һ޴ƯֳһС
ɽ磬ϻģ
ޱߵķΧ־ۼʿһͷ״֣ûв·¬졢һЩ۸ֵսŻƾһߣ𽥼٣޳Ե
ֻʣְˣ
롢ЩۣһΣʧȥκۡ䶯ֱڡ
ƾ䲻
ȴɱ硭Ǻӳȥ
¬ĻеļƣһƣûжٵƣķʼھʣǼˣֱ޿ܰΧоȥ
һߣʲôΪǿޱȣӮʽ֣·磬նʲôˣ󣬻һޱǿһ˾ͷ֣һлˮɶ
ǣ˵ļǣǵȴǣӮ뿪κ۵˱ڣһǾǵڵȨߣ
ҲһݡĿľģԱ߻¸֣ǻƾߵͣҲڵȴƾϢ
ҿǡ
˸֣֣ȵƾ飬նͷ­ʱһȫ벻ּɵմ˳
ǻĻᣬ̹һЦˮһգڴĻƾѾڣ뿪˵ڣǲӣмֵǣûмֵȻ֮ã
ն죡
¬ơȻһ𣬵ͷ޽֣ҪǿһƣԭһֱʵûȫΪƾ
ಣ
ʿע£Լ֮£նſԪ񵶣Ҷħ˷ƵƴƵģüͷһ㱡
ǣն֮¡
ն쿴ˣŭΪЩʲôǻʲôʸڵڣ
ֱ壬ͷֺõСˣɱ˱ǣħɭɭ֣ǰͷһѴ͡
ѡ뿪ѡΪڵˣ
ն쵹ûгħǸɱ¾ѾɳȻһ˵㣬ҵұۣʱնϵģѣĵ£ǡҲκѪѪ£ǿͬκǣ뿪ڣԶڵڣ
뿪
˵꣬ѡ
֣
¬ƣΪѣڣ뿪ڣζţңӴ˳Ϊһ޼ҿɹĹ»ҰӮʣǿ󣬵ص
ն죬㲻ɱңʵ𣿼Ȼˣɽˮ꣬Ҫ㣡ߣ
ӹ¬ƵͷȻЩǾ⣬һͬڵʿǰԶر
ˣƾɱҵڶˣǾͱ뿪ˣնû
ǣͻȻһ£ҪȥĺˣȻɱĺ⡣
ȷ
ҶȺȻһˣЩϤϸϸһ룬ԭΪʱͻȻ˴ɱ֡
ˣĹ֣˭ʹ˭Ȼ䵱ɱ¾ߣԶǴ֣ɱΪݺɽֶΡ
Ǿƣ
ˣǷӣƵ;ĩ·ʱǲκεС
ƣûʸ񣡡
նת˿ҶħȻˣͻȻմһӡȫͬһɹɻףʱϯ¡
ǧͼ
ҶȰд߶ǧͼҪûףаУȻһ
ǣȱһսһҪͻƣ

ˣɶǶٸ֣Ҷ֣޷Ըǵģϧˣ޹ûߵȻ಻ԣ˻ǿס
ٿ
Ѿٽն졢ҶȡħСϺף
ס֮ʣնħһһҶҶָһץһɾ޴ǳ֮⣬ΧͻȻ£
ԭˣΪǳ֮ʲô⹥
ŷ߶ȫǳ֮⣬ֹһһǳ֮⣬ŷʲôƻǳ֮֮ʣâͻȻϯˣת˲һͲӰ
ԭһս
ô湥ˣɼѹȸУȻٴ߶ǧͼȫѹ
ٸ֣ô֪Ҷ˻ôջǳΪҶ˵⡣

Ҷȵգֶʮ޿ܣһƴ߳һǳ֮⣬ʱʵʵ벻
սƣ
֮ϣڱ䣬޾ɱ¾ֹͣ
նͻȻЩįãҶħߣᶨؿеʿĿ⣬죬Ӷ˫֣һɹڲͬĵƣѤϾ⣬ڣܵɵơ
״ˣˣһٸͷ¡
һ̣նһᡣ
ӭ
սƣɵ磬ǵڵ
Űʱ൶ڵʿʿӾŵʮǸңԶĵطǼԪ񵶣ּսƣ׷׶ն칪
֮󣬱һƬžֻնˣˣڹ
һնͨԼŬ벻ĵľ񡢶־ıڿԼˣڽ׵Ĵλ֮
뵶ڣڼϹŶ£Ȼѷʱָԭòǳأ˳
Щ棬ûѡԵڣ
µĵʥɽ֮ϣవ㣬ֱҶȾµ棬ڹУֵؿն죬һ޵ݡ
ڻǵڣڱ䣬Ԫˣŵʮ䣬ʧȥһ룬˵ǰٷϴˣϽٻеĵ棬عɣնϷһİۣһݴ
ǣѾնĴڡ

Ȼӵ⣬ϹŶ
Ϊ׵ģǵա
ͷȻնƾһܾݵ㣬춯Դ̵ȵʧϹŶԭǱƾһһѹѺ֮У
ǺúϢն˵
ֲ춯ǰʧȥϢԭͱƾѹӦ춯ǰȥЩͷʱƾ߷֣Ȼ󱻻ƾѹ
һԵҶȣʱ춯Ϣ
ǣ뼸ϹŶתȥ
ǵڻĸ֣ŵʮ䣬ҲǴѪʱˡҲˣ
棬նףȵʧȥ


1297 
ڸһ䣡
ڣǵ
ֻʣն졢Ҷħ
Ҷ̴߶䣬һͬʧڹֻʣǿĸӦһѡ
˳ҲЩżȻЩˣӮʡԪаЩˣôȥ治֪ζԸǣǸͷûоͷеǷݲɣƾĻô˸޼ƿʩ
ռ䡣
ոս룬˾̳Ͽʼɡ
˲Լͬ໥һۣ¶һЦݣεڼƻʵǵ춷زɵ
ˡ
ҶȵڿƽһͳκۡЩǿߣ֪ǲδҪʱЩ˷ˣˮ
նһ̵ͷЩˣȷǾ޴в
ڣһʱһ̣޷Щ˶ǿĶٸ֣ؼԵڻϤޱȣӮЩˣ˭˵׼Ժ᲻ٴοӵڣ
նҡҡͷҲһδ֪ɫǣ˵ڵڿʼŵʮ䣬ҪʼѡٻҪǧ꣬ƽҪ꣬һͳ
Ҷ˼һᣬħ𣺡ƣ簵ڣ˳ҲϢҪϻֶ죬ֶԶ´񣬽ܳһʱ䣬ҿܶ޷ųҽʱֶΪѰξĸҺҽۣǰȣֶ죬Ҷܲ
ֶû뵽ǿ󡭡̫ˣһɽ䣬ȻһƷԪаֲֿڣ
ƾսն֪ٵǿ
ƾǿԶǣƾҲδ;ĩ·ʱ̣գ޷ԤϣҶʤǻƾʤ
ֶһоƷһٸ֣ľͷ
Ҳδ뵽ֶǿֶȻǾɽ糬һţʵȲϺܶţҶֶܺ棬ЩʲôܣֶȻֶǿߣҸõĿֶ죬׳ԼҲڣڣҲ칬Ľ棡
ϴҪע⣬ֶ棬ǿưħȻһЦضҶȡ
СĿϹۣ
Ҷһû뵽ħһ档
Ǿһһ˵ȫǶٸֵʵֻһδԾ
ڣҶҪ׼
նƶڴҶϴ߶һ⣬ķӡסĺ¸֣̳ǰһѾ޷
һҲûܵӰ죬磬µÿ㣬ƣҶȿ֣һˣǾ˵
ͬǶٸ֡
ˣȫһ
뱻ննףԿԪ񵶵Ѿѽ߰˰ˣҶ룬ͺףˣĴڣҶҪƿǴ߶пܡ

ն˲ץһĸ֣ȻһֱҶҲıԿռѹʼƶõĹǿ

һնӶұۣһϣؿʼѪǵͫʼֱѣֲģԹ޵Ѫ⡣
龻֣
Ҷȿɲ˵˿˷ѣ̴߶֣ȹնԼʮ֮ź¡һһһǿĶȻر
ƣҶȣɵúһֻն죬΢΢Գ˶ļ
٣ҶħܶԿģҶȡ
ҶĿǰʵǴն졢ϣ޷˵ٸ֣Ҷֻͨڸֽ֣ѹƣսٽ֣ҪʩչֶΡ
ҶȾͬϵϣвӣڴϢΪӼ̾ͷˣ뾡취ճɹϢӶСС֮֡
Ͳˣ
ƽ⿪ħȫûȴֱץסһˣаضŶ
ħ˵ͨǿҶȶյģֻȣħκҶһס
նͲУϾֻһͨʿûȻֻͨʿװʧ
磬ԵƬ̣ҰѴΪںϣ
Ҷգ۾Ϳʼ߶ͨʼһˡ
öٸ֣Ҷͨ£ʧȥʶǿҲֲҶȵûٸʲô
һǿߣΣܿ컯Ϊһֱһ߾޴Ѫֳǿơ
ಣ
նģЦЦȥһգʼں϶
֮һ޷ܣôһ
Ҷ޷ôǿʲôı䣡
ǣ뵽ǣһںϣʵֻǿ٣ɵ磬𽥳Ϊһǿߡ
ʵ޷ȫںϣǧͭƻ²ٹͣ˶ˣǸýǵʱ򣡡
ҶȲôһ벻ĺô߶ٵǿߣǧͭƻȥκεطҶȶǿٸ
ڻƾһеʱͭƻͦԳ׵Ҷȵûмơ
ಣ
һɹɻ龻ʼסһˣʼΪѪˮӶһΪʱҶȱպ֮һʣ֮Ҫںϡ

һǿĽ֮˲䱬Ҷڷӡʼɢȥ̫޼˻׵Ϣٿͷţ̫һʼ
أ
ϤһӰԿռСβͣ˲Ҷȼϡ
һֱ纺֮ڵޡ
ҶһЦһоҲһҶôܱʱʱ̿վռڵ
⿪зӡ֮ߡͷųҶڷȼգҶչ˫ۣʩչӵ֮Ӵ򣬿ʼںϡ
ѪֱӱҶȵļ衢Ѫ֮С
ˣ

աŽ𵤣ӦٵӴӴպ󣬴Ӿֹ״̬ʼںϣŽڲ
սҶڵʥ̫֮Ϊ½𵤣޼˻ϢΪյԼڰһŴһŴڰʱױӴ̫һ
ڱ仯Ҷȵһ麣࣬մˮ֣֣Ҷȵһδϴ񣬾Ϊ͸ɫѪǻɫžʹϸ΢ž
ƾսУҸܵͷĲ࣬һѪ⣬ʧȥһʱ˵öʧȥ֪ǿ̣Ŀ󣬴δǰǿңǣԡǿµĸܣȴҴ޴ĳ
աں϶ҶСΪڶѣװ¶ٵڣҲװ¶ٵ
һװȥôǣ
飬޵طŴ
ͣ
֪ں˶ã
ҶȵͫͻȻһɷĽ
ȻҶȵȻϢʼȼգȫÿһëףĻ棡
ڣ
Ҷڿڵ׶Ρ


1298 عֶ
ڣĻȼգ
ûн
ҶοһЦȴ֪ʹ飬ȻʮŴ飬Ȼͻǰ㾪춯أҲԳܵʹࡣ
ֻǣûΣնѣ
һɱϴ
ž
һ鿪ʼϣոմڽڣÿһ鶼ôҶûдеĳ飬ֻһЩϸ顣
Լȥ˰꣡
ںһٸ֮ҽڣﵽڵ۷履״̬Ϊڣü̵ĸ֮ҪһδĻǻУͻھǰ
ۣҶָо࣬ͻɣںϣҶȿʼ̫ͨ컯ȭ龻֡޼˻סڰ׾޼ս˻ơ֮ײ
ˣԪԹ޽塢ɹâϱһһ
ʱǷȥֹȥꡣ
ڴͷβ飬Ҷȱ㿪ʼںʡ
ʿÿһΣҪСںϣͬľ磬ֻںϲͬȼ뷨Ϊߣ뷨򡢼Ԧһ¥
Իڤ̷Ϊˮ޷һУΪ̫ӴͬҶֻһСϪֻдﵽһĸ߶ȣҶȲſЩ
ڻڤ̷ֻҪӵԴ߶ףҶ飬ҲõƫƫҶҪһδȥںϣΪһӵַ
ˣ޷ںġ
ҶǧͼҲúһ飬ǰҶȶδںϡУЩɵѾ𽥵Զȥ
Ȼʡ
ߣԭҶȿԵõѪߵʣȴڸٻʱȫѪںϸٻ
ߣҶȱҲȫںϡ
󲿷֣ҶȶնϣгҲֵһ֣ʣҶͳͳƿأôֻ̤ͨϼ¥
Ϊٻն죬ҶȲòʣ͡
ڣҴﵽ״̬ҶڵУֶĴصһһֳȻѾ֮ǰʮ֮һΪǿЩģӰһһ֡
֮ǰһЩģӰԿһ֣ҶִеõһЩĹ
ߣûжٵı仯Ψһĸܣոø壬ĸԶÿһɣƿظĿռ
ԫࡢ롢աκۡ䶯졢춯ڵĵ桢ӮʡԪаʡǳͷ
ε֮ãȷһγɳǿĶǰУھޱǿľͷڣڵڣڱضǣһԽڡԽԭǿߵĴڣһһӿ֣ﲻ١ԽٵĴڡ
ɡ
ҶѾƯȴնϣʱ˿̣ҶѾһֶۣȥȻӵںϡ
䣬ҶԺĻ档
ͳͳε֮õּ䡣
֮ǰֻһڵͷСڣǰǿ涷նɱĴڣʲôͷ٣ſԳΪͷԽ٣ǳͷǾɽްԡ
ѩڻΪңǸԻ󡢲ٿصС𣿻ȵ
Ҫعֶ죡
Ҷֶ۵ǿξأٻ׿һκνŵĴڣԶԶ
Ϊڵڣ۽磬ͷһδε档
ֵܣϲͻƣ
Ӱնħ
Ҷȴ΢ЦɶҼ磬Ҷȵһ۾ע⵽ն죺磬ΪҲѾӽһٱϲԺ༸գɹ٣ָտɴ
Ĺͣû㣬ҵΪĻͻѸͣ㿴ϵܣѾӽһ٣ڵʵˣն췢¶Цݡ
ಣ
ɲǣҶ˾ͳڵµ뵶ڹڡ
ֵܣ־Ͳ㣬дǧͼһпУصڣնҲ֪ҶҪȥǸһѡ
ħǸ񣺡ϴʲôжҪ֪ͨǣ
ţ

תۼ䣬ҶȾƾնȥնħվڿյĹڣþöδ˵һ仰
֮ãǶԣҲĪɱ봥

ɽ磬
ɣͬһɫıʯȣƯڴ֮ϣĴţС
ಣ
Ӱ˲䴩ĿĹ⻪Ҷ纺
Ҷȴܴ󴥶Ƕ纺ûʲôɫֶ죬ֻҶȶ
Ҷȿ纣ֻˣʱ䣬ǻʵﵽӦû⿪ǵܣΪ
ĿǰʵҲŴﵽңģҪô£Ҷڳ˯жȹʱ䣬ʲô㻹ҪУϾħبδУҪ׾ܲףԶĻ纺ƽ޷磬У˯̫ãõԼˡ
ʦˣ
Ҷؿ˫üһޡ
ȻӰξΪĸ߲㣬Լ״ɵۣǸòһŮˡ
ʦڣȻһصֲ˹أַӡֻܸӦȴ޷ʲôҲûжϸ˵лкܶܡ
ξ
ȻһŮˡ
ҶȵһЦָı飬ֿ󷽼ߣֶĳϣһΪֶ죬ѾߵĳϴڣҶҲǵһμЩسϡ
ʦΪǲڣֻһ֮ңǱĪԿʦ֡Žʦֵǿ١ҶһһɨӺ󷽼ˣߣ״ɵۣҶȶһһ
Сʦܣ纺ʦã
ξ绪Ҷ纺̵ͷϺ󷽼ڸ֣ÿռȻ磬ǵɫۣԡ
ʦ㣬ʦ㣬λϣҶ纺ͬʱʩ
Ҳһһ
ξĺãǰãҲյʦٷ˵֮Ȼˣ
ǧ꣬ȷЩˣҶȻЦ˵
ȥ˵
ξȻһƣһŮӣȴһصŮӣǸԽŮӵĴڡ
Ҷ纺˻ع
ڰ;ҶȾ纺ҸڣȻ죬ȻҶȼξڲշС
Ȼۣ˵ҵǸħϢĵӣôȸӦ£ĸӦӦò⡭ֶһֱû˵ѵҲ޷ӦӵĴڣ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷ뵽λҪĿġ
ǱֶԽҪҳһħϢֶ׵صӡ
ǣУĲ⡣
ֶʲôڣ
ҶѾ޷Ҳȥ¶ȣֶ۵ǿҶѾȥɣͷǰĴڡ

ôһܣ޷ӦǸӴڣ


1299 ִ
̫ˣ
ֶ۵ΪҶӮԪаΣ֮УͻȻɱͦȵĴڡ
Ȼʱ֪ҶȵľٶŻΣһ
ң֪Ҷڵڵһж
ۺҶȿԿ϶һ㣬ֶӵֶΣ볬ϢĵӣԸӦôһħϢôĵӣΪθӦ
Īǡ
֮УҶ׼ͷǿӦ֮ʣ˼֮䣬һͷȻԺըĪǣѾ֪Ǹ˭Ȼôһѹأңˣ
ʦܣߺűǧڣһصɽţеӿʼһϣֲַŵӣֱӴţξҶȱȼţɵ뼸ϣһС
Ī
ϯ䣬ҶѾһ״ӣţľ޴Ӱ졣
Ӧ
Ҷû֨ϸģξһ·˵࣬ҶȶţҶǿӦѾ͸
桢ࡢȸӡӡϫӡѩ𡢹Ž桢ĪԿԼֵӻϢĵ桢УͳꡢϢһһӦ
ӣξ˵ŵӣС
ǣ
ȴûһӵħͬϢڣУмӣӵħϢħϢǣǵϢǿгģûдﵽز
޷Ӧ
ǹ֮صӣȻھ֮ڣΪ޷Ӧˣֱֽ磬߲ܽĿռڣҶȻ޷Ӧû˿ջ
ռ䣬ҲҶȵһν롣
һƬȺƯڿռ
ڴڣмڵϣ̾У߲ҪСۻᡢ֮أξ뻪Ҳӵһ䡣
ֻаˣڵڣֻˣָˣ
ҶȻع飬ƺһ£ֶ״ӡֵӡϡ߲㣬ͳͳһĹ
ԭҶҪΪִϣ
ֱڣҶȲ֪£ϫӡȸӡЩ½״ֵӣоЩ⣬ҶǼ֮УʵҶֻеȣȲĪԿɵۡյЩ֡
ȴΪִ֮һ
ֶ촦ģС¶ﵮִϣһеľ֮һ
˴ɻ󣬵ûʳ
Ϊڲ̶Ľ״ӡֵ޹أ֮˾ۻᣬǹ֮ˣ״ӡֵӴֲּ⣬ԶҶȽִϣ󲿷˶û
ܿ죬Ҷһ֮ϣƣʥϢִϣִϣһʮ˰ˡ
ܿɢȥҶȴӴ˳죬Ƭ߲ռ䣬ҲӵһĹȻһ㣬ȴֶУա
ֻˣξҶȡ
ֻǴǰϷξ񣬶ڣҶȡ
Ҷȵʦ㣬ҳΪִ£δЩ̫˰ɣҽۣŶãʦãǿ»ܼʣ
ʵ
ξһƳһӣɷǶˣȻʦʵտڲ̸֪ʵѾңɳ̫죬̫ˣĿǰ֪ʵˣֻʦ𣬶ΪִϣҲʦ˼ʵΪسϣ⣡
ԭʦ˼
һۻᣬһϯߣͻȻҡһ䣬״ӣִϣֶǴδйġ
ξһϯҶȲףԭֶ۵˼
Ȼۣ˵ҪҶȳеֶΣ´ִϵݣУҪȫ˩סҶȵĽŲ
˶ԣӣִϣ˶õĽҶȣǲмһˣ˵ûж˼һǯơ
֮ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ֶΪҶȣĶ󣬲Ǹ۵ԴԪаʸҶȴΣʱͦȡ
ڴˣǸҶȴԶ۹⣬Լһ
ûֶ죬Ҷ񻹲֪ںδƯ
Ҷʼ磺Ȼʦ˼ұˣֻԺʲôߣʦǰ֪ͨһ̫ͻȻҳɺ
ĳ
㣬ξɲţ侲һ˵ʦһ˼Ϊ㣬ӴЭţУҳǸŴĵӣҳӣҵΣұ֣
ҶȵͷξʵȻӡٿ⣬ȷֶһ֡
ξֱиɻ
Ҷȵͷ֮ǰѸӦţδִˣҳһʱ޷ɵģǵȵˣԶðվǾ͵δ֪Ĵڣǵͼ޷ҵ
Ҳ˼һǧ꣬ܶ¡ִϣ㲻ִϣҿʦ˼ѾңһͬڰиһƣҲ˽⣡
ξȻָĮһϢȴӴ˵δͷ֮¼֮ǰɽ绹һƽ״̬ǳͷ֮¼֮칬Уӳķߣϱ¶ڵ෴칬֮ǰ˭淴칬ڣͬͥһվͬһ㿪ʼˣϣ
Ҷһ̾ƶѣ칬˷ָʩҪʧȥģʲôִߣʲôɵ壬һжǺŪ˵ģ
ˣɵòǾͷ׷Ĵ̣Щ֮УмΪƷ칬ǳĲһЩʼɧеţҲЩˣɽ粻һУǰӣһЩӣǲЩ֮УҲСҲһЩӣͬĪһ㣬뿪ţͶЩǿ
ͷ֮һϵеӦܴǧǰĪ֮£һը˹νǰߣм̳ˣɽ綯ӣһһ뿪ţֶ鷢ţʥɽ޼ڡޱڶӣ
ҷԽԽˣЩţɢˣ⻹صģЩŽɢΪڲĵЩЩ䣬ϵȥȻɢ
ξ񾲾渵
ɣ
ڣҶΪص㣬Ѿˡ
ĵģǵɣѸ뿪ǵѡ񣬵ڣеɵ䣬ϣǽǾ޴Ļţ٣ߵúܽʦ㡢ʦ֣罨˵֮⣬мȽĵɣ½ӣҲӪԼĵϫӣ֪Щɵ䣬ε뷨ɵ籩ԽԽңЩ򣬱Ȼɵ籩
ʦⷬ˼ĪǣڵĵɣһҲţΪŵ
ǱȻģԵ˵ɶһţкôҲб׶ˣǱ׶˿ʼֳ
ξ࣬ҶȣѾҶȵִϣӵδһͬеֶˡ


1300 ǿħ
˵Ǳ㡭һ죬޷ƿأ
ҶξһϯĸԴ
ɵ䣬ţ״ӡֵӣϣǶĪһǿĴڣŵЩӪĵɣҲȻٹ̣ʱһžͳΪϰңճΪճ
Ȼɱȡ֮£ڻΪ֮Ҳ޷Ԥֻܰжǣһе䣬һ˿˿ԸҪΥšôĨɱ
˵ξüҶʮϤɱ֮
ƺص꣬ǸͻȻҶɱֵİʦ㡣
ڳΪִϣڵҪ֮һԺעЩϡ߲Ķü£ÿӣڵɣȥչǸصĵӣȻᰲУͶֶ죬˵о޴ıҲܷ񶨣ʲôϵ
Ҿ͸ǣ˼֪мҪҪȥиΪ״ۡչֶΧٵţһɴˣֶ˼˵ڣҲеӣʼӴ
ȥ˵ʵǳԽڵĴڣ֮ڣ˿Կ⣬ֻʦ֣ܶԸˣŵķʮǿ󣬿ԶԸЩԽڵĴڣ
뿪֮ǰξ࣬Сһһ£󣬸ҶȴһȥĴ¼
״ۣ
ҶһͻȻˬʴЦ״ۣǺôƣԼȡţҲЦ
ɽ磬ԽڵĴڣǱǾͷʸ״ۣδ򽻵㵽ʱҸʱ䣬ȥп˶ֶ죬û˼ûеӣйͲȥ
ξ񻺻˵Ȼֲ˵һǱ𣬱תϯϯƮȥ
״ۣӦǶٸ֣ӦֻĴڡɣ˴ˣ˵ܰңڣ
ҶȾ˼һᣬȻʼ뼸ִϾۻᣬЩϣʮҶȣͬΪϣҶ״ӡ
ۻᣬҶȻҪϢֶеӵļ¼ŶԾɽ磬ʮֶӣƿأϤģɽʶͬţ඼İġ
æµ֮꣬
ʵҶȴ񣬶յ纺촫Ϣԭ桢ˡ
Ҷ뿪ռ䣬ͨش졣
Ϊ˱˷ҶȵΪҶȿһѾص졣
죡
ĵĻԣѶǽӽ۰ĴڣֻΪһأƷζ纺Ļ裬ڴʱһڲͬ۵Ҷȣǰֳ
վʱ´ҶȣŶûҲ¶һݾΪЦݣ˶ʱϲֵܣϲִϣ
ִϣЩͨӣ޷ģҲԸ˵̾
ֻŰŶѣˣãǾҪۣŻ֪ҲŵԴǽԴպһЩٵ㹻ǽۣ
һμ࣬ڴһɽ羸Ԫ¼Ȼɽż꣬˾ɵ۵۷塣
֮䣬塣
ǽۣҲΣգһ֣Ϊǧơͭƻ
Ҷ˼һΪ˱ȫɽٳɹҶ̴߶ת鶦ӰںҶ¶ǧͭƻ
ֳϢ޵ģֶ죬ξ񣬿ûڶܷǵĴڡ
ȻҶҲξܷ֡
ǧƣλֵߣǶɽ٣ۣʲô⣬һʱңȥɣ
ҶȺһٴڵǧ´ǧƵͷȻࡢ뿪졣
ͣһ纺һʱ䣬ȥ
ͭƻȥɽ磬ΪЩˡѣΪһǳۣΪ̫ãǽڡڣƵĲֵͼתӦò⣡
ϢһҶȺȻ뵽ʲôͭƻٻ
ͭƻҶҲøΪƿ֮ˣؼͭƻһҵ
һӡҶУͭƻ
ͭƻָƣҵõҶȸѾ֮ǰҪǿһ֣Щ鶼С£٣ΪΪ԰һɵֱۣڶпܣЩڲͬаٷְٰգڼ䣬һﵽڣ
ҶȺȻɫЩҵģʵھɽ磬޵еĴڣҵģ鷳ϾǱΪ٣

ͭƻȻһüͷһ꣬ȷһ޵еĴڣҡҡͷԲУвٵͣͶˣ̫ˣʲô󰭣뵶ں֮Ѿ¶룬֪ǧһֱ뵶йϸȻϵ鷳
˽ô͸ҵģھȥɽ磬ŷӡ֮УвǸģϣ٣ʱɽ٣ǺúúϼһӶٴﵽ٣һ٣һ̤룬лΪ񣡡
ҶȻתҪ飬ͭƻ
֮ǰ̫ľɾҶ±ˡˡǿĸ֣ҶȻǺܷģڣͭƻҶȾȫԷġ
ಣ
ʱ߶ǧͼһǳ֮⣬˲ͭƻС
ƷҸոõĻ裡
ľĻԣֻʣҶһˡ
һصֶ죬̫ˣ
ҶȻδɿʱ纺ԦһɫԱһµĻüµƿ
Ҷ纺һͬƷζĻ衣
ǹ
ѵܰ˲䣬Ҷ纺ʱ̵ʱͻȻһϤҶдɫͬشңԶĳն
ţ
Ҷ¿סˡ
񱭣΢΢һȻЦЦħԴӷӡ֮أʧȥ䣬һֱδ֣ⲻķ񣬼Ȼء
Ǳ𣡡
ħһЦ
ȻҶ纺ޣͬʱҷֵһͨߡ족òħһ㣬·ҲӵԪһͨϢö֮Ҷȡ纺ǰ
ڣ
ȣҶȻǸħΪ
ҪԸħص㡣
ħΪȻڣһģһңȻҲﵽ۷壬ʵûжٲ࣬ڣӵһɹϵħ籾ԴħҶһ
ħĵڣȻƯһħʹǶ
Ǳǣڷӡ֮УױȵǿϹħħ
Ǳҵ뷨ҵһУ㶼õ㣬ԿҵһУҵķӡңҲԿ󲿷ֵķӡңڱ˴ˣûжٵܣҾ̹׸㣬ħѾںϣħȻԴѾΪҵı
ħа˵
ѷħƳΪ
ҶˣϸϸĸӦȻħħһԪڣڵϢ
Ϊأϸ濴
ħͬǧͼ鱦һĴڣǱɵķȻ˲ųΪҲΪɵԴκƿء


1301 ħ
ħҲԼˣҶȡ纺к˶棬ȻԵһ裬ܰһ򣺡㲻õģħҲķԱ˼ٺ٣ôǿħһ㣬֣ڣԣҶԱ𲻵ûво޴İҡһͨߣ
ħȻö纺Ϊˣ˽Ҷħ˲㿴ħֶΣҶȽ
ԣӵ㡣
硣
ĸʿԼʵͨ죬̤Ǻӣȭɽӣ
ԴֶͨΣֻҪԼ㲻ã˶Լ˼ҶҲС
ԣħ˶ӵе㣬Ҷίߣκζ˽Ҷȡ
ӷ絽ɽ磬ҶһӵнʵΪΪʵǻļƣֻҪǿԼܳվκֶζԿǣħҶһǿ˵һ˼뵽ĲǶԸħ
ħӵиǿ
ħ֪Ҷȵĸıԣ֪Ҷһ취ΪҶе
ò裡
ħ񱭣һģ纺纣ƵĻ裬˼ζ˵棬ʵȻɷˣ
纣ɲ㺰ڵģ纺ĺȻһ裬һ˳ƺһڡ
뱾ûκұǱ𣬱ңڵķΪ˵𣿡ħ̬ʵǿ֮Ҷû˿ɵ
ħҵͨҲᣬ̫޼˻׵ĴУҵϣҲ֪ҲҵԪҪնɱ㣬ǲܣȻҲøͨԦ֮Ĵ߶ţҪסһ㣬Զҵ־ΪַŲϳ֣㽫ĻᣬԽã˵ĺܶԣȷΪõ
ħĹƣҶһƬЦ᲻֪ħԼķҲԼԸһ֡
ȻᰴǰҶȵ뷨Ҷ
һ㣬ڳɳҶҲڲϳɳȻ޷ָǸԵǱܣȴ˶졣
ҵȻ֪ҿɲҫл㣬ͻƵôѸͣҲ̤ڣħںϣĽ֮ڤڤ֮Уӳҵ֮УܺܿͻƣӶħںϣħ֣ԸǬԸ칬Ȼ֮ҿԲ棬趷һӵɵУ
ħվһغƵĴ멣ԵøĹϣħƵЦʲô򶼲ҪΪǽ֮Ϊ˷򣬶Ϊˡţֻ칬£ţϣκη޷ţҶеĳˣҾͲλˣ

ֻһЦħ޵ʧȥ
Ԫħ֮ȵزƺҲõԴԴ֮ʵǿһ֣ӵͨߣҲӵбӵߡߡ
ħȻѸͨҶȲĵز
Ҷңħ磬Ҷӵߡߵ£ħŵôԶԸħ
ħ˼թȻ㽫ĴУⲻ󣬵ȽӵеԽ࣬ͨޣԸаգĿǰҪԸЩǿ
ΪҶߣ֪֪׵ˡ
纺һֱԵĿ⣬侲ؿҶħ֮ĲģҶ֮ࡣ
ĿǰΪȻʵɳܿ죬ͨûбʤѹƷİ취߶Ҳд߶ţûбʤİ취һɱѹҾͲᶯҵ㣬Ҿ͸ãħʼħǲͬģħֻܿڰһ棬ˣԽ⣬ҲԺڰ
̫޼˻ףҪԸףΪҵĴУħҲӵУôֻпµµǱǲԸħұµֶΣֲ
ȻյУ˵㼣Ҳǰ˵ָ㣬ǵÿԼȥκδСκεؼֻǲѣûԼ޷µ޷߳
û뵽Żصֶ죬ҾôġϲҶε˵˵仰ֱû飬纺һ԰οҶȻħĵ
Ե㣬ÿһ棬ҶҲ޷⡣

޽֮أ
һ면ӾɽͻȻȻ޽֮صһ籩˺УȻ߳һͬĺӰ
ң
ֳħǰ˺У߳ĺӰһ䳰
Ҫ˭ҲסȻ㣬Ϊ㡭ں˱ıħ
ǸӰģ֮䣬ƺӼΪңԶգһжʱΧףһ߳ħΪ⣺ǰк㣬㶼ΪΣ
ħʲôˣҺԪ֮ǰһħħǿӹɣħˣĸǹթ֮ħһҲģغˣн̸
ԭˣȻǷħˣħ
ӡڷӡ֮أ֪꣬Ԫ֮ǰħսУҴɵǿ߷ӡľħͷ
û뵽Ȼӳ˷ӡļԪָ
ħԼĪʮʮ֮䣬һͷ̷΢΢¶СɫƤ۾񣬱ͦԵʮָ
ħֶħͫߣܵõħǾǻԵħǱ꣬ƿء֮أһΪħıԴħһ죬ճΪϧոƳΪ͵ħսֱУҲڿеİѹ˷ħǿ룬ӡԪ֮󣬱ѾûٴμԦ˱ˣ˭ҿԺıԴҲħҽΪħˣ
ʱħ⡣
ʲôˣŴθӦħĴڣȴ֪˭
Ȼ䣡
ħϣйһ˿⣬ת˲ʧУһаЦݣڷӡ֮أħһǷħѹ֮أѵħʱδƿеһУ飬ô򵥣˳޻ӡ֮أԴħһĨɱˣħŲ֪뱾ĹϵΪ뱾ˣΪǬӦ֪ڷӡ֮صΪ
һкܲѰħǣҶȲ£Ҳڲ˼⡣
ħû뵽ԪҪľʱһ֣ⴳӡ֮أȳຣԭ򣬸޷߷ħŵΪָ֮ٻȡû뵽µõˣ
ҲżȻ֮䣬ӡ֮أõħѣ֣ϹħսѰˣħǱ뻢ıƤҵΪڣǰĴڣ
ħ˵ȻֺȻʲôߵڷħѹĵط˴˵е޼ʯϢмˣƺרΪ칬칬ִߣ칬㲻᲻֪ɣ


1302 ¼
Ȼ֪ӡ֮أһֱڸأҷӡ֮أĻ᲻֪ǡԪҲ֪ǣ£Ǻã뱾ʱ߶ħɣֻҪϢҶܸܵϾڲҵϢһʱҲ᳹ƿǣ
ħʾһͷǣħһЦתԦһħ⣬Խ˺׶ȥ
֪ħǬʲôϵǬȵĴˣϴڷӡ֮ص񣬿ԲлδΣݷţδ֪һС⵹һᣬħǬ޼ʯһжǱҪԵģȻҵĿ꣬Ƕ᱾𣬵뱾ȴһ޷Ĺ㣬ǾǱһʲô£ħ־ҲᵴȻ޴棬Աĵˣҵĵˣ
һģĵ˺ԸĲ٣ҵȷҪԸջǻվһּ֥飬ϵĴ£ͷһҲᵴȻ޴棡
ĿǰΪżԸ𣬵ȴᡭ
ħĿÿһ֣͸ޱߵĺڰ·ǺڰĴ޽֮غڰգ԰ʧС

ֽڲ߲󷨿ռڡ
ҶĹƫǰİϣڷһͷӡĶڲϢ
ΪִϣҶӾͲˣǰ״ӣΪûӣеÿ˯Ϊִϣʱʱ̶ֶ̿ɷԼҪ빬μ飬Ǽµϡ
ֶоţһɽ絽ɽ磬ʮӴģȻҲǶԪһУԪԽǿĶȻࡣ
æµУҲкϢ
ǧƴݻٷѳɹۣþҪع飬ΪֵܵҶȣҲȻΪǸˣȻϢͨۻᣬǰ֪Ȼ𶯣һ¶ۡ
ȻǴɽ磬ͭƻϢ
ʮ֮䣬һЩѾۣҶҶˣҶԶҲۣеδ飬е׼ɽС
ҶĿģɲǵǽƳô򵥣ڡڡȻڡ
Ҫһ׳Լ
ˣ壬̫ľһˣȥ̣һЩǱˣͳͳӵɽ磬ӿǳɳĲȻܵµĲƸԼŬʵֵ̫ɽ綯ʱڣ壬ܱ̲ܿ𣡡
ȻҪ׳Ͳܵˣиˡ
Ҷȵһʱ뵽壬Ȼʧȥƺܶ꣬ϾǸ壬һҲһ
ɽҲҪгｨдţϴɵۼ棬˵ʣΪֱſ϶޷ζУҴÿЩùɾȥһ˴ţ
һ˼⡢֮
Ҷʼһݣһݴ̫ľһݴɾһͭƻɹᣬűƿնȥ
Ҷʦܣ飡
ϢһᣬҶȼ򣬺ȻһߵӰڵ֣Ҷ
Ҷȵͷʰһ˲Ϣȥ
Ⱥ룬ߵĹУ
λִϣʮλ߲㣬ߣڵڣҶȾǾִ֮һһλ֮ϡ
һִϣȿڵղŴϢһţš״̲ڲ߽⣡
ţ·һ߲̾ϢţϵȻֻһţһĵ̣ϰӣû뵽һ¾ûˣ
֮ǰ˵ĳϣΪ˱潨һ̣˼ǳ֣һֵӣýųţǲδشˣټλΪ˴£ҿ˵˵뷨
ϣòҪȥͣ·һ߲㣬ͱԼ
˵֮һʱĳĬ
·һһ߲ҲòҪӦΪһӦǾ޷⣬״۶ԿһԿҲڷ֮У
ǲӦ´ȥǰǶǴӦģǣһ߲㣬ȴ˼˼
Ҳûбʾȴվ棺֮ӦҲãӦҲգһѵѡ񣡡
λأ
ʱ·߲㣬ͳͳλִϣ೤ϲڣǾˣֶľߡ
£ִϣֶĶ·Щ߲㣬ĸƿֶµĸ߲㣬վ飬Ҫͨϣͨ޳ɡ
һϣʾ»ǴӦĺãӦзӣ״֪£պƱһ޴鷳
һϻ˵ݹ۴֣ţǸɳˣȥȻôһãűѾأһѣӦ󣬳ɹţ״ۣǲɹһȥ֪ŵѣǲӦֻҪӦſȣţΪʧˣ𡣡
޳֧Ԯţ
ţ
ϷҲ޳ɣ
һϱ̬·߲㣬ʼ󲿷ְֶ֧Ŷɹѹأֻ˱
Ӷ´ʣ»ϣһƲߡ
¼ʦ˼ҶʦȥִУ
ڣ
ֻʣ¾ִϣûƲߣǷ׷׿ҶȣһϣֱҶȥͻ¼
¼Ҫ֮ˣЭĳͨӣȥŻѹء
»Ƕ㲻Ȼջҵͷϣʦ㡭ʲôЩϣĸͱкҶûּ֨ĬͷȴƵġ
ҵȵѡһЩвܵĵӣҶʦһͬȥִ񡭡
ϻִţ
֮
֮⣡
ʮֶӣ£ż߲ȴʲôˡ
ҶϣŽ״ûжۣ꣬ҲǧˣΪܵ˴Σ
һã
ƺһӣ֪Ҫȥ֧ԮţԵǿ״ۣһ˽¼š
ʲôִϣڣҲûʲô£˵Ҷز¶Ҳ˵
ʦ˵ҶϣŲ꣬йپ˵ľٶȨ£˵
ЩŮŮŵӣǳ۾ɵ۷壬ھɽ磬ѾǸ֣
ಣ
ʱһȺ鷨ߣҶȷǰԱ߻ִϡ
Ҷϣ
˼Ҷȣ׷
˶ˣ
Ҷ뼸λڸ߿ûЩѱĵӣλϡ
һϽܵһ٣ڵľӢȻû״ֵӣһ붼ǳۣ
Ǻã
ҶҲԣٴִϱȭתԷǰʮλŵӣԸȥ
Ҳȥɣ
ִϣһ鷨ߣڿĿҶȵʧһһת
Ҷȡڻˣ
һӰȻ䣬ֳҶԶȥķ


1303 
Ӱӿʱ¶ģһſ㣬ͫͷԹꡣ
״ӣĪ
ĵӣĪ
ûе˫Ԫ
ĪҶȵԹǲǳ޷ɢȥ
ڻˣΪǵΪʲôڵΪʲôĪֶ죬κιϸζԸ㣬Ҳ˿Ĵ
ĪĿ¶׹⣬غţȻתǰʩչһӡȻϢںϽ
Ϊ֮ϣЩֱͨСҼңĪһͨУȻκεĽϷֶʱգϤƹǿڽ
֮һɫɽУ
ˣ
ĪոɽȣһȺ߻ˡɫɲ͵ֶŮӣ׷ӿסĪеһŮΡ
ͬʱһλŮ漴߳
ĪŮӵţ̰£Ụ̊ȻŮӣüͷһĻǲԸ𣬱ֶΰɣڿóŮˣˣݵϣ
ԭŮˣɽ磬ҶȴΪѣԼ綾ݵǸݶŮˡ
ʱͲǵǸǿúݵŮˣһ绪ȵòŮˣһɳ졢޵ζɢƺǰٻУһ俪һ֧
ĪߣΪơĦݺݺĪ˵ūҵֶΣֻЩõˣ־ᶨˣ㣬Ǻô
õۿعһˣֶ̫㱳һо˵ֶΰɣʵѾҪͻڣﵽڣֶǿߣ
Ī·Իһ㣬̺ͫ˶ӵеĿ⡣
ֻһӣǱŮŪţˣ㣬ΪҪݵֶϥ£òھ˶ȥˣֻʵǿһЩʦʵǿĽǹͬĵˣǸҶȣ
˵öлṩĶ
һʲôҶȣҺ޲ϣĹڣңҺһضԸһҺܲףʦʵΪλ鷳Ըһɱ˲͵ˣ
ɱ̫򵥣һͬȥȡ֮˵ʵѾﵽڣҴ˻кֶܶΣûо԰գǲ׶֣ڻҪʲôѱƿأҶȣҲնɱ
ҪʲôҪѽʦܣЦʦţʦҲū⸱л֮ɣҲҪҶҲҪˣһΪҵҵǰҸ׳Ƴǡֶһ㣡
뷨δ̫ǣǿ˰ɣ
Īһо䳰Ц
ֶʲôˣʲôˣһΪɵ۵Ůˣһ۶ǵŮˣȡֶۣ
ⲻЦ
ȴȻһ¶ģΧЩˣûжĲࣺūҿɾʦɲǰΣֶ죬ûʵֻܱ˲ͷϣϣһɽ絽ɽ磬رֿЦķѹƣΪе޷õõλΪ˵λұԸΪĵҹǲǿʱҾͱѹڿ£ǲʱҲֻˣŮˣãһŮˣʲôֶΣܵõһУԶҲ⣬һŮˣһһŮˣʧȥ磬ʲôӡǣֱ
ףҶһˣȻҲλãǾ͵ҺúúȥˣѲֶӣ˵Ķԣĸˣӵеɫǣÿ˶ӵе㣬ɲҪԸңҡɲһˣŮҪʵҲҪ£ҲҪұǴǰϴڣֶʲôٸ֣ȡֶǳ£㱳һҲʲô˰ɣô˳أɽ磬һߣ
ūҡɻŵĽʦܣǾȲ̸ҲҪżȥԸҶȣ٣ѾգͺúһˣȥԸҶҲ٣Ҿ
һŮˡ

ɽǲУһĻͼ

һƬձ׳ɽ
ԶգʮӰ
ƺֶˣ
ɽУɳһٶˣΪɵ֮䡣
һˣ߳ϢһǳΪǾɽǿĴڡ
һ⣬֮¶ϲЦݣȻֶĸ֣
ʮ𳬼ۣ඼ɵ۷ΪֶЩǣϾԸˣ״ۣԱ֮һһ𳤷ߣ֮ͬüˡ
һߣ˵ֶȻˣҿǵģ
£òͷ
ǽŵ
һɨϰͽоصѹȻһ̷֣߿գֶҲѾ
ϣǾǽ
ҶȷڶʮŵǰûжĶͶͷ˾˸Ӧһжƿ֮С
Աһ꣬ǰһָ
ΪǲѾﵽڣΪ˵ʵףҴ
ҶȺȳһǰ
λֶˣ½ڴ˹ʱڰѸλˣ
߿У˫档
ͽҶȵǰ񣬶һҶĳۣ֪Ǹˣֲһļӣÿӭ
Ҷȱȭֶ죬ʱ߶Ȼѣǻһͬɹѹ˵
ǣȥŽʱ󷨿ռ䣬̸
λ룡
ͽÿֶӶһһ룬һˣɽȥԽɽ̾ͼһ󷨣
󷨣ﻹٶͽǶɵΪǴɡ֮Ϊ
ԵúǷϣһӾ˪˵Ƶģûһ㾫ͷֻмҶȵˣһϣ
֮Уһ׵󷨿ռ䣡
ô󲿷ֵȥֻʮ߲£ҶҲֶĳ۵£˫ʮˣһʮ˿ʼ
ڽ
ҶڹͨһҶϣû뵽ᣬ͵ִ֮λҶϣɽ罻ϵ׳٣ʮ־ģ
ĻҲǣɼ񣬼뱾ߵĺܽܳΪִϣ·ӣҪԽңǽţа𣿡
Ҷȵһǫ飬ûֳһָеƣ·һЩ۵ӵƷâˡ

һ仰·Ĵ
̾ӣڲ֮ǰŵȷаӣϧɼɵ״Χţ㿪ʼһһбšӣʣôˣ


1304 
ӡʣôЩˣ
Ҷ겻ѣ
ӣʲôӶٱα仯Ҳʣôˣǰ㣬һҹ֮䣬Ϲͥ֡
һ״ۣôܿϹͥ
̾ģȴѪ˿Ʋࣺϲ֪״ʵǿһ棬ֶΣšвΧһһɢԴøŵҲ͸⣬ᱻţţԸ״ۣһ棬ڲĵɣʵ˼ţΪһ䣬һţ˲Ϣ䣬ֱ
״۾к
Ҷû뵽Ϊһţĵԭ̫ˣһЩǿӣǳϣӵеɣǾͻᷢչΪԴ
̾Ϣ֮Ҷдֿʼע״۵
״Ǵ޽֮ض״һˣߣ׼ĸ֣һڡڣڣͺǿ󣬴˶ƣҪһ޴ˣΧţȻֻһڣԻ꺢ӵֶΣ˭
ţ˵Ҫγͬˣʱұ֪ҰģûֱӴӦǷԣڲͷҡɱžͳΪ³״ۣѾƿǧʿžҪһ޴ĵ۹
ǻ˵޲ãʹ˵Ҷȣֶһϯ֮أճʧ
۹
˼ˣҶȰʲôˣ۹ӣ½ûչβƸ޽֮ȻıǸıɢھɽ磬Բ½Ѱұ״ۿ¾ˣҵľһʺƣ
ͻȻɫЩԵ˵ϣεȫ㴦Ѽܼȣ
Ҷ˲˼
Ҫһеӣֶܣ뻵ֶռˣȴ̵һ̵úô
ҶһΣпԵĵҲֶ֪ȻǾɽ糬һţ״ۣȴǴ޽֮ؽٵľͷˣһ£ֶʲôţȻҲ뵽һ棬ûڲˣˣ뽨ţҵ취ǣ
ƵѾ;ĩ·ֶֻܰŴȻûһϣѻҶȵ棬˵ֵز
˵꣬εؿҶȡ
Ҷˡ
ûϵһѻ˵̹ףز
ҶҪѣҲ޷˵ˣ˼ܼ򵥣ֶվôһϣҲûˡ
ڴʱ·ֶʮ𳬼ۣҲ֮Уһʱ䶼вͬɫ仯
֪˼ֶ죬ΰ㣿
ȻĿģǰţ޷ƴǣҶֻĬˣֱ֪˼
һʱ͸·ЩŸ߲㣬ҲϣҪĲ࣬ҲҪֶ죬ҪǴ״УؽţȥֻҪϣϰǣҽŵĲƸǴŵġѰŵɣӵŻڣûһӣŽҲ½ϣʧȥžͳûˣ
һţ
ͬʵ۵
е˵һжҪ絶ڵĿԪ񵶣ƾκۡ롢ࡢӮЩˣĸǷѾ˼õֵġ
ںδҶ̬ȺˣҪӦˡ
޵һ浳У˵һ״һԴҲǴй¶ȥģ
Ǿͼˣؽ
ʱ֮
ڶһƬž˶Ҷȡ
ľߣһжδһƿУص˵򵥣ǹ̾ͼޱȣȻҪ״۵棬ʱҴ״۴ˣһĸļһ㲻ɧ״۵ƱػǽŵͽԸǣֻҪˣǰסǣֻԽ壬״ۣôǸͽѽ״ۣӣǸͽԼ
ɧ״ۣ
·ͽˣҶôôһ취
ȥ״ۣǰԼƣĸɵӣִ£
޷ɾʹߵˣᰴס뷨Ϊ
һˣЩبŲǴκ򣬲չذ£һδ档
ڶ״ۣ㲻ȥ·һͽڱʾԼ
ϾǹغĴ£ֶƨɾˣȴҪһн
Ҷϣ취𣿡
һվǷҶȵ˼Ȼû˵ôֱס
Ҷȿ·ûˣؽֻ취λҲΪ룬Һ⣡
ϣ¼ֱ˼ȥɣһʧܣǽţͳˡ˼ǵ˵
Ҷ⣬ϷһЦ侲ϸϸζһ£״ۣͷͷδйԼò˼飬ô״ۣЩ䣬ǻ뵽𣿡
䲻⣿
ϣƫ棬а취ȻǺУ
ûȽһԡֶ̬·Щ۸֣һ̾ʼʶҶϡ
״½γ㣿½õƸҪðŵţʳҹݶʣһҹ츻ˣ״ôΪβⲻԱ֮ʩ
Ҷ˵Ȼһɨ·ֶӣǽŸ߲㣬дĬĬš
һҲƺмĴ
ûа취£Ȼûа취Ǿֻܴᣬɧ״ֻۣС£״ҪӴ۹Ͼĵ۹ǶǵĶô򵥣
ϣ˵ҽ취ֻΨһһѴһ״ĸڶ࣬ܳɹʥ
ȻˣǽΪϣκѣκθ֣ȥԣ
ҶϡţŽˣԥذһУϡ
ã
ڴӦˣ
ɧ֮£ǳ棬վڰԸ״ĸ֣ҶҲࡣ
ܿ죬ſʼжѰ֣֯׼ʼж
ʱһ
Ҷʮֶ֣ۼһ𣬸ҲнŵѲߣҶȲûпŵ˼
Ҷȿʼԣ˾ţټشҶ֪̣ǵѣμƻʮֲɣҶҪ׼һ㣬״۲ǽŵĵˣҲţѾڰĵˣ˵ıֶ뷨


1305 ״
ֶ̲죿
Ҷһ仰ͻȻһףбըˣһӾѣ
ֶǾɽ磬һţ
ǾްԵĴڣÿУϵģ
죬Ȼܵв˸ҿֶ죿νݺ˼ĽţͲȥ
еĸ֣ȴڲмһЦ
һڸ֣ƣҶȣƺҶȴͬȵĸ߶ȣϣδЩΣ˰ɣֶ죬ʮڣɽ磬꣬ôܱ̲
ȷδ˵гһţᱻ˻ģһӣɻųĿ⣬˵
ЦҼǵеڵӶҡϫӡҪľãȻ½ۣҲգѵѵЩĿǳУֻڵĴڣ֪ٵǿ󣡡
һôǾЩӣԵֶ죬ŶۣǺ£ֻһţʲô£֮ˣң
νԹ壬ҶȣѽȣӵгԶĿ⣬侲ͷԣЩ˵˼ĺǵ뷨Ҳһһա
λ
ڱڵ໥ʱҶ˵ˡ
ǣҶȱ̬ƺûжȻиӣһ˶ΪҶȻȥǳǸӣҶȣӲܡ
ֱǸӣ˶˵ֻһ˵Իߴ֮ʱߺ߼䣬Ű
ֻͶŵ˼ǾǽһҪȻҲҪע״۵Ķ۲Ƿ˼Ըֶ죬ڽжԼѡ飬ɷΪҪԵĵˣǳۣڵĳ֣б޻
ҶȻûйµĶ˵ص㣬һ˱ۣĬ
ӣʼҶ˼ѡ飬ûΥҶȵ˼
Լһ֮
һ죬ʮλˣӽ󷨷ɳȻЩˣո߿գҶʮֶӣҲһۣ뽨ڸ߿ջϡ
˫ȥ
ؽС£ҪĿģҪ״۴˵ʵֶв
˷ɹһƣĴأҶȰһֱ˼⣬һǰӴĸӦͷǰУʿϢҲӴ󣬳Խɽĳǳء
Ȼһ𳬼ۣͬ񣬳ҶȵĸӦ֮Уڵڣ𣬻ʮڣУһصʮصĶϢҲ޷ӹҶȵĸӦ
Ӧã״ۣ
һ١Ȼ״һ٣һĴڣʵ໹Ҫ࣬ƽһЩˣʵȴӵúܻ
ڣҶҵҪԸˣ״ۣһĶٸ֡
ûе֮УҶȿ϶״ۣĪ⣬ױȰǿ޷ĸ߶ȡ
һҶѾʶһ١ٵĴڣЩԣһĴڣǾǳͷ
ԴʱӦ״۵ĴڣҶȲûκβȻһ֣ھɽ磬ȷ˿ѹƣϾɽ粻޽֮أǸûѹƵ磬ɽӵһķѹƣٸֿԳΪԵ
ҲΪЩţ̲ԭ򣬾ֶ죬ҲȷԾѹ״ۡ
һУҶȵˣ״۵ΧȻһƬɽ֮Уǰһɳǡ
ҶȣԼֶĵӽܵǰһŵĵϧ״̲״ΧΧѡﶯ֣ȫˣ
С£һ粨һЩˣȻٻҶȸһ飬ȷûٸ֣ʺϽȥɧš
ʹһڸ֣ļС
ҶȵȻУʮգȻһ죬ڱ޴ˣȻķǱըûãʹһˣƳ
ϣǲɹɧţûһЩʣ״һñף㿴նɱ˼ٿͷѾɳϷʾ
ˣ˿ɱѪȻδʧ
ǽȻָһգһռ΢󷨣澹ȻвٵͷƯš
濴ĽǸĺӱƼˣҧˣοˣ
һˣʧȥʱ̡
Ҷ֮ɫٴδµм֮һ֮£ͻ뾡취ǸǸСзδĺֻܿ죬ȴ졣
ǿ֪ǽΪҶ侲ʵ
ǶϹӣϣͿǵˣڰָǸƵģȻһ֣Ѹʧȥ
ҶĿͽһ˵ȥȻÿˣǼȴ˽ȥ̽Ϣ˭ԸǱ룬̽Ϣ֪״һж
ȥ
˳Ĭһɲһ򵥵
һŮӣȻվȻ棬ƺֶ磬ż㡢Ŀ⣺ϣó֮ȥһԣʱŮˣ˺ð£
½ʦãԱһŮӣƺһȻû뵽վ
У½ޣɣɢȥûҵźţ˭ҲҶҶȵʹӦΪ½ʦáŮӵҪ
½ޣֶ꣬ɽ翪ʼУΪΪɹڳ۵֮Уеȣ˲䣬ҶȾҵŮӵһϡ
½λŮӵȻҶһۣʾ⣬ȻһۣԷǰɳǡ

һһҶ֪һʩչԪϢ½ޡ
Ϊ½ޣҲ״࣬뿴Ǻε˵˱ʲôˣʲôκⷢҶȱһˣƿش֡
գ۹ҶȾ׷½ޣϷΪڵ½ޣ˿ûзһˣһֱϷš
Һûʲôƣ״ֻӶᣬȴûʱ뾫޴Ľ
½ٶȻΪǰ˿ʼϸ߿գеˣƬƯٿͷĸ߿գ֮ɳˡ

½ʩչһͨϢȻһۣΪһϯȹ˿Ҳҿ¶һüۡϸ¡סòŮ
ò
˵ĺܶԣֶŮӣʡɫ㡢޶ˡ
һСˡҶҲЩ⣬û뵽½ޣݣˣϫӡӣҲѷɫһ֡
ң½޲òҲ侲ͷԡ
ΪһͨʿܾĽɳǽֵȻһҺܴľ¥ȻϢ˼գٴ뿪¥취ɳǵ֮뿪ɳǣֱӷɳǡ
ֻٶزأһŮӣòŮӣû˻ݡ
Ȼ
ŮĳЩطĳЩض£ȷ˺ð£½ޣһ·δܵκ̲飬ܵӵ


1306 Դ
ҶȲûһֱ㰵½޽״۵룬ûʱ䣬ܵǿϢҶȱһ˷״۵롣
ܿ죬Ϣɽѹȶ½˵Ĳ״۸ûʱĽǳضûǿƣֻӶʡ
һٵĴڣҪô཮ֻ׸ﲻ޽֮ء

Ҷʱ߳գһƬɳ֮УȻһڲͬĹͨͬȴһһĿռ䷨
ϧռ䷨ȼ̫ƷֻʣϢǷʹãڸ˵£
ռ࣬ǧͼȴͬȻֻƷҲʮϡ١
ҶһڹΧڳۿأɳΧҲУһһصǿӦ磬Ǳ룬ҲҪ֣״Ͼ̫Ľһɳǣǿƿصġ
һƷռ䷨
ѰˣҶȴʱ뷨
ǣռ乬֮УͶһ˷֣̼ܹرչߣԶҲ޷ȥ
ҶʵѾﵽԲӽһ٣ϣ޼᲻ݵˮԴݻ٣οһƷ
ಣ
ϰǿ߿£ҶȼֱĿŵط빬ԪԴδʹãֱ˰빬
ڲռ䵹ǲСǧƽмСһĹƯ롣
ռ䷨ж죬ڲǬ
ʮڵĸ֣ڸֻ֣кһ֣һڶûС
빬ռ֮Ҷʩչ򣬰пռϢ֮УȻڲӦˡ
ȫڣں٣ֻڲʸ빬ˣûʸ
ռ䷨һơ
ǷԹͨأӿڲռ䣬ɣЩڡڸ֣ɣеģڳԺ֡
빬УһϢ̾Уû˿أмﵽ۷ĸ
ȻϢˣ״ۣ
Ҷֱ빬ȻſʼʩչԪԴϣ˽׼һҶȲſʼ빬
ϾǶƿ֮أһһռ䷨֮ڣҶȱҪﵽ۷״̬֮ܽУҺֻһ٣Ƕ٣Ҷȿֻܽռ䣬̤빬֮С
գۣҶö֮
̼䣬ͼ۷ǿߣڴ룬ͷųֵķʯؼԼһЩϵ飬ǿһͷţһʡ
ֽ㣬ŪЩҪѰһĿ꣡
Ϸһࡢһս׵ˣԲĿɭɭˣƺûжġ
·һʱһ亹ֱðԲȴΪ˵ūһ˹ˣεвջ񣡡
½֮Увٵ½ֻõıűΰǵˣ𽥳Ҳࡣ
õôʻ⣿ˡ״ۣø״ۣǼսףһļƷϵӿһ٣պüԦ˵ʵǺǿ󣬴ﵽĸ߶ȣ
ҶƯڹ䣬ŵһУĿڻϣǳͷӦöǻϵǿҶɽٻ棬ӵһɲ֮ͬΪȹ̣һЩͷˣ
ҶǿԪ£Ȼ״ܣ
ȻҪҶͨ״۵ĵ̣ûпϢҶҲ޷ֵزʱӴˣҶȶ޷
˭״ۡܲ
Ӷ᲻ţϵõٵıŵĴУأ֮˵ܸߡãǣ֮ܽնɱĽ취
Ҫĥ
Ըͬˣвͬӣ״۱һۣ֣Ըִ֮ˣȻȥʲô֮С
ƽʱٸ֣һһ䣬Ϣһŭһţһֶˣٺ٣ұݣұݣһᣬ֣һ٣£ҿûһɱĿԣ
ҶͻȻֳ֣ڷ磬һɱ֡նͷɭɭЦ
Ҫһ˳ĻôʦҲסˣ״ô౦֪ϴӦ״նɱõһб
һԣȴʱҶԺðһͷ
Ը״ۣʵа취ֻʵؽ޷Ĵۣݴͣзӣɽ£ҶҪŪʦξʵ
ð취ҶЦһ£ԵòƽʱǸ
ţ
֣ƷȻ˰£ûϣҶһֱʱӦΧһУע
ʱҶüͷһֻ꣬Ϸ״ۣͻȻӡʮԲǿߣڵ
֣״۵ȭˣϢγȥѰĿ꣬̽ĸɣӵرӵҪıڻԵɺ֮£һһɣȻӵСԴһɣӵһʮټ
Դ
Ҷ¿ɾġ
ԴһֱõûлᣬȥѰҵı񣬽һںʣƴǧͼΪҪľԴȻԴϢ
ɲ飡
״ۣŻ¶̰ЦݣǱõģԴǱģǿɴǷݾԴж󣿡
ֻ֪һɣǰżȻõģʵʵػش𵽡
ǺãǽһɣǺźɣ״ĮȻУɱʵ
һֵԪţ
״۶ʱһɫмЦûʲôӡͺðˣӼ򵥣˳һɣۻǵĻЩСɣʲô
Ǹ̴ŵĵˣԪſɲ򵥣ΪΪɣ볬һɣ޼ϵżԪŵĴʼˣǰǰ޼ڵһϣߵĺܽ
޼ڣ
£״ȴӱϣQһ¡
ɶô޼ڡ޼棬Ϊ޼𡯣꣬޽֮ر޼ڵӣ˵ΪŴﵽ٣
ֲ𾪡
ԭӲӣһٵĴڡ
ˣ
Ҷó֮ʣȻԪ΢΢һ
ʱ¡
ҶȶʱһƳ״ۣǾԴֳ޼ڣǣ޼һ棬ٵĴڡ
ҶչʶĻᣬͻȻطˡ
޼ڵĳɽ磬ޱ١ΡšȻĿǼԪţ˵棬֪˳ɳεĵزûʱˣ鷳
Ҷȼת߶Ԫʼɳ빬ûб״۷֣Ȼַɳռ乬ʱɳ֮ϡ
͵س·ȥһٿһȥ


1307 ˼糱
䣡
ɳУһɵۡڸְΧĹڲͻأشһװıը
ţһаڲ
Сӣû뵽òϲϲ
аԽ

һŮ֮ǰǸаڹڻصţţһصڹڡ
ΧЩ֣ûг빬ƺڵȴּ⣡
֣ŮĽƺֶ죿
ڣ
ʱһӥץСĶ
ʮһӣڣһ꣬ڵĴڣȥŷݣǸӣһӵһȽڿǰһаĺˣֶŮ½ޣڶ
ˣа񣬿ȥͷĿĿʵһ¹ޣΧСӰ½ޣʩչаͨΪһѪɫͨס½ޡ
½ʩչһıɫɽʩչ˲϶Կ޷Ѫɫаͨ
аһٴⶢ½ޣ͹µɫеĿԽǿңֽкãֲãֶŮӣУֶӣһһòȻˣɫеľƷ
ֶ֣ӣ⣬ҪһֵܿɲҪһֻϰ㣬ˣԱλ꣬Ƚе˵
аڨڨЦƸֺȴϸˣʼͷڵǿƣѪɫͨȻΪһѪɫĽ磺ٺ٣ɲᣬˣֻܣĻŪòŮӣǻһŮ
ѵҡ
Ѫɫγɣ½޸ûϣ
ڣζԿڣܣ
űɫɲǼ䣬ȻûٴιǲͫĿⲻϵԾš

·ͬһı䡣
ٿ
һתȻѱ棬üģңԥأ߶Լ
Ҫأ

ۿ棬Ҫüʱ
½ΧͻȻᣬаˣ˫ץס½ڵĿռ䣬ʩչǿͨ
򣬶ڣ޷ľɽ½׷׶ᣬ̣Ȼа֮ɡ
ɱɲҪ־ٶСӣҲŹӣңֱ̬֮ˣΪūñһӣֱեԪ
ʩչ
ڵУ޵еߣһ½ޣ½˫֣޷һ£ǱҲѾ顣
ણ
ʱһˮаѪУ
½޵ˮۿ£ţѾǰܣһӣ
ģ뷴а񣬴µ˫֣Ѿħצһ㣬˹
꣬Ҫһ̣ͷ
죬Ƕǿ߶ԣСĴڣƿǿУ磬пᡢɱ¾ıơ⡣
Сӣްɣ޵Խ˫֣Ҫ½޵ϣ½Ѿر˫ۡ

½ޱۣ˲Ϣ䣬һֻ֣§뻳
㡭
Ϊһж˽½ޣͻȻǸа˵ľ֮
źϣ󣬲ۣʪͫȻֵǸˣֻģܶһ£Ϊһֻ֣ץϿգһǿߣȻ޷һ¡
½˳ƺŤͷһ𺳣¶ϲ벻ŵɫΪֵˣȻΪǿִϣҶȡ
Ҷȵһֻ֣Ҳ֣§
㡭㡭˭ҿ״۵ͣǸаˣ֮ǰǸаſģҶǰΪ
ˣú£
Ҷȣﻹˡ
Ťͷ½ޣԺֻ˵ա
ƺڷݴ½
¹֮һĿݳڡ
ڣʱظܵһ̣ˡ
½ޣϲ죬þõ˼ҶȵУʪ
½ޣȫĿɿڴܾô󣬴δ˽Ӵȣ٣࣬ԸΪСƵģǰءǿ𺳡۷
ǣȴҶȵͫȻȴûһϲá
ˣ£
һ̣ҶȰ½ޣǰѡˡӵ뻳ε˵ˣ㲻ʹ࣬ñˣҲöڱĽ䣬ΪħΪңһůһУȥɣδδκεź
ˣ
½һ䣬Ȼܳɫ𽥵ʧ֪ǰˣǷǱһˡ
ϧˣԶ
ϡҡ½½ޣʧ½Ҳ챻Ҷȿţǿڻʼ

ƺҶҲ˼л
ͷһԪ˵գ𽥵ʧΪĵӣ½ޣɿ½Ҳ˼ͷ
㡭ңңаѾ֪ҶǺεȵǿִڣɱ״ô
㣿ҵͲܷŹˣ
ٿ
Ҷָ΢΢аڣˣȻҶָ֮£Ϊ˳ѪҲ׷߽⡣
˲䣬Ҷ½޳ڣʮһǰ
ãɱ
Ȼ֪ʲô£ȥҶɱ⣬̻֣ˣһͬͷŹҶѹ

ǿɽ鱩½ܾҶһǵһĻ
ҶȾȻֻʳָһ㣬ʮһ𳬼׸ֵסң˳ƶʮһһָ
ͣ
ʮһˣ̼䣬ҲûаˣͳͳΪ˳˵ĻҲûС
һȺϡ
Ҷȸֶû½޻عͷŤתһ㣬ҶվɳǵϷ
Ǻεȵͨ½޵ģֻҶȿӰӣǷΪƣΪͨ
Ȼ½һִ̲֪ҶȣѾԽ֪ĸ߶ȡ
ղһĻ˰ɣڽɴʱӭ޴Ӱһ
ʵҲԵһֶǵУʿͨҲҪģԽĥѣ־Խǿ󣬵Խ̣ʿߵĸԶҶȻؿ½ޣУԶˡ
ˡʱ䣬ȥһħڣ֪ͻ᪣Ƿ˵ϢѹأҾԶԸħ
һ̣ҶȲžøղһĻôĿΣգһ㣬ٴθħ
ħǺڰģҶȻڰǸħȥ
½޴ż¶֮ĿҶȣڽ֮£Ѵ
ȥɣ·СģˣҪöֻܰǵʱ·ߣȻ׼͵Ϯƻ
ಣ
ҶȽһ˾Ϣˡ
Ҷ
½ĻʹȥΪֻ֪ҪЩֶӣκΣգӦ֮С
޲ԼپһΣգܵҶȵı
½ޣһӣûпκӣЩţҲмһˡˣذߴζҵΧʱʱ̿޷ʧ
һֱ޷԰ε˼֮С


1308 иľԴ
½֮⣬Ҷȸоʧᡣ
߶Ԫ˲Ϣ䣬صɳڵĿռ乬ǰȻ͸Ӧ״۵Ŀռ䷨ڣȻһٵϢ
ŸʱѣȻֶһٸ֣
״۹Ȼ򵥣޽֮أȻٵѡֱøӣҶҪõԴ˵Ҫٸ֡
룬Ҷ̴߶ԴԪںϣһνռ乬֮С
Ʒռ䷨ڲȻ׾٣ҶһںϿռڵϢٴ빬
ǹİĶϢȻǰ
һٳ֣״ۻкܶҪһ٣ֶǸвٶһǾͲвˣ˴ʦ㣬ЩسϣûֹЩپͷĲȻۣҲмһٵϳ֡ͷЩ£ҵͷϣ
鷳ˣҶʵǿֱξ֪Ժֶ췲д¼¶Ѳ˸ϵ
˭ãֶжôһ޵СصĴڣ
֣Уһ¾ͷ־Դټ
ոտһڲͬƵ
Ҷ֪ˣħĴڡ
֣ܷ־ԴҲ⣬һֱⱦ˭ڼԪţôһ
״۵΢΢˸ҶǿӦԪ£һ
ղᵽԪţ޼о޴Ĺϵȷеͷۣ޼ڵġ޼𡯣֮УӵмߵڼԪŲ޼ڣһ׶ˣһϢϸǸΪħǿ߽˵
ֵ֣䲻⣬ɱ뼫Ԫ֮УȡԴһɹǸ޼Σ
ؼҪ׸λǿΪȻ̻ң޼ңôǵýЩϾһţ޼ڣȻӲܣ
һֱиʣλΪҪҵôľԴһΣǵõݾԴЩٸ֣ҪںϾԴҲףҾףд󲿷Ҳ޷Ԧ
Ҳ֮λĴѰҾԴȻ;ֻҪϱܵõλչˣٺ٣Ժҽ٣޽֮ߣǸף
״ۣһһͣ˵Ƿˮ𣬰δᶼС
ǲ֪һУѾˡ֪֪֪֪⣬еѾ֪
ݾԴһݣݣ
ٸ֣ڹ㡣
棬ҶҲһϲ̫ˣ˵ϲ
Ǳһԣ˿޼ԿҲٵĴڣ
Ҫͷ⣡
ȭͷ߬ӮʡԪаʡƾЩپͷҶȫѪҺٴȣž֮䣬ǿ߽棬ҪԾͷս
Ȼʿ˵ȥУɳ̫֮вǸ
ҶᣬΪһӣŵõǱһδһδսǲϳɳǿĹ̡
ҶˣĪȴ
״ֻۣһСආҪԸģǸӵоԴĴ֪ˣռôľԴкã
ô鱨ҶҪģԼ֮ǰĿģڷ仯ҪѴǧͼΪҪľԴ
Σһ
״ѵòʲô鱨Ǳ˼գҶȾ޷ȡܣδȥӣҪ״ۺӼԪõԴ
ҶȽ뿪빬뿪ռ乬
ϻˣ

ҶȾʹ״۵֮УصΧɽС
ʮֶӣһһֳ½ޣʲôҲûзһλŮӣĿҶȻ
Ȼ䣬ͨУȴһڻѩ⣬ƺǵԴȪҶȣ
֮ҶȾڵȴᡣ
¶ѣ½ΣһҸҪ鱨˼ֵֻǧ˵Ķ飬ƺƵɳзɳһʿǱѽŵĵӣһ룬ȻһУ״ߵĸ֡
ҶУЩ¶״˵϶㲻ϣЩڻҰˡ
ϣЩУʮˣǳۣǣɹҲɱһǧ
ʮֶӣڶˣһ𳬼۵ӣ˵Լĵġ
־壬˶С
һӣҲòҶȣǰӲȶϣֵˣѰ·
λֻһں֮ڣأǰֶ쿴ʲôˣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȱЩݵӣδһǿ
ҶȵͷȣˣȺ߹ʲôֶ쳬һŵĵӣԼȽϣǣЩˣЩۣ޷սʤǻŵľӢ𣿡
һϯǴÿ˵ʹ
ȷԳһɣЩˣֻţһЩɢޣЩ˶ûĴܣǻʲôʸ񣬰Լֶĺĵӣ
ҶüԦ֮Ƕȣ䳰ȷڰѣŹ˰ɣɽеͻѱãèɵ֣
Ҷޣûãͻ
ϣһᰴ˼ֱǰ
һվģȴһŮӣ½ޡ
ҲǣԱߵŮӣվֶŮӣǸüӢ˲չֳ

ŮӶǰˣЩеӣҲһڣʼҶһȷʵඥһ㣬Ȼ
Ǿȥָص㣬߶һڰһУģֻҪؽκˣǶõģҶ¶һֶͣơ
ಣ
ʮŵӣʱ˳ȥ֮УڣڶûУеˣȴɵۡ
ǵĶ֣ǳԽڣǿߣڣ
ڷӡ֮أѩ𻹲ΪսӵнʵħҲ·磬ЩˣʵţԽ磬սǿǿС
ããһִϣ
͵еȥֻʣҶһֱδ֮ʣͻȻԱߣһ̾Ů
ҶȲǰӰգʦ㣬㵹飬һԿ֣Щˣһ㶼ûжִϣ֮ģ

һٻӰֳ۵Ĵʦ㣬ȻҶȡ
ʦܣܲܣÿӶ㹧ɣÿԼⲻǼ֤
ЩӶѱ֮ξ̫˽ⲻ
ҶԳһǣҿûʲôǣֻλ𡭡ˣʦ̫˰ɣΣ
Ÿ߲飬Ĩɱ״ۣõԴʦξȻǸ㡢ĮĿֱ˵û˿
Ҷֵʦ㣬֮ǰʦ̽һϢˣһĿ꣬ҪԸǼԪţ
Ԫš״۹ȻһۣҶһ֡
ξȻһüסҶȴϢ޷Ǹݡ


1309 ޼
ʦ㣬Ԫ޼ϵҶȷ·˵ʲôδѻ˵͸
˼
ʦξƿֶС˼ȻжϤ޼ڡ
ʱҶ¿ݵӣٲȻһЦݣԣʦģģ
޼ٹ̣չʷԶֶ֮ϣޱڡʥɽԶԶԽŵĵ̣ȻˣͬΪ񣬰״͵ϮԪŵϢ֪޼ڣ
Ҳʱָķӡ״ۣ粻˶ã˵Ϊһˮ˺ֻǡ߻һΪһǿߣֶԸԪţ޼ҲöԸ
һлǸδ֪Ƕˣȵõѽ⵵£˽ϸƻ
ʦظӦٲȻҲǳ׵ġ
˲䣬ѸӦֶӶǧʿ֣ƳһҶȣȻڰУΪִϣȥ֧Ԯǣ
ãǳֺð
Ҷȸ˫֣Σ޿κΣƺ֪ǻӣξǰҲȥ
ಣ
һҶȾʧȥ
Ŷûʵôǿʦ˵ǰ߶ȣǡѴﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣ
ξüעһ㺮棬ҶԶȥķƺܿ͸գҶȵӰֶţҲѷɫ֣ľţǣϣĺǣ
һ̣ξĮȻתΪֻڣʵԶֹˣΪһٶȾȻҶȣǴﵽ˲ơǰľٶȡ
Ƭ̼䣡
ξͳһƬɽľɽ֮УĿǰƯڰյҶϣһ·ֶʮӣ״뽨棬ɱѪ죬״ʮ𳬼ֶۣ켸֮ࡣ
Ѱʮۣ϶ǳԽǼǿеĶ֣ʵǰֶһۣɵ۵ӣ󷨣Χֻʣ¼ˣȹϵϡ
ЩŵӵǱڱ˳
Էֶ֣֮֮ʣĶһЩ֣Щͨɵۣǳۣǿֿ
Ҳǿ֮ĩˣԼ죬սͽ
ϡ
ֶӣһ٣˺ۣе𵤶ܵشһеӣһͷҶǰַһץһС족ֵƣ֮֡

ҶȵȻӹƣҲûһۣһɨˣѪսЩȻЩǱİǿ֮ģǿͷųҶУоˣһȺոճСϻ
ɵĲȻЩˣǶ֤Լ֤Լʸ񣬳Ϊֶĵӣµı仯֮УصˣϿعţ׼鵤һЩΪʵŸԴǾⳡĥǿˣƲصģ
ҶֳִϵֻȻƲûһǿ߸еģһȻͼʮӣ֮ˣʣµĶǳۣǸΪ½޵ŮӣȻһŰ˶ѡ
ת˲ȥ
ҶóһЩ鵤˷ãʱȥ˽ѽǵͷ˫֮Уֶ֪ʵжлŴŵ뿪ĵ
һ֮
𳬼۵ӣƶָǱƾͲأҲųֶΡ
ҶټǶֻԱߣֶһ
Ӽʩʦ㣡
λʦܣʦãü⣬¼ǶΪŷϹͣŵĻر޷ģ״֣Ҫȥ޼ڣΪ״ҪԸԪţνݺԪһţ״ǶҶֶǻɵŵ˼޼ڣͬԸ״ۣȻҪ޼뼫Ԫųǣ֪ᷢʲô
ξ߳һһеӣһŮӣޣôʦ㣬ŭ˶ǰ
ң״ӣɵ磬ֶ֪֮һ
Ԫţ
ǿһţǰһһ֮Уλйʣ
ϢذըЩУը
֮ǰǻΪҶһΣڿ״ۣԪŶҶԸѵûпܶԸһţ
ǰˣǳۣΪ֮䣬ĥΣǱͻڣڣʵ磬ôѣԿԽֻҪ֮ǰǷ¸ҡ澳ԡôڣҲԶ
ξٲȻǴʦݣ˵һһӣʵΪξ˵Ķʵ
֮һʮˣ޼ڷȥ
ɽ磬һӵоؿռ䣬޽֮ص磬Թвٵ
޼ڣ֮һ
ţ޼ʷ׷Ԫ֮ǰֻУ޼ڲϻֲϵ絶һ㣬ŹԵʷ״ȴڴӾɽ磬޽֮طչĹС
ʥɽޱڵȵȳһɣĿ̤꣬޽֮أţΪɵ磬ɡ
ݴţ޼ڹż֮Уʦһʮֵǣɽżȴûд˵ļ¼ǼԪ֮ǰѾʧԭɡ
Ϲ޼ڣ޼ڴʱʼɵ磬һڡ
һɽϵط壬ɽȵҽϵȴ֮ǰϣγɵɽ塣
Ȼ޴ɽֶ죬Ưڰգɾ޴Ľ磬ţ
޼ڵĵ
ಣ
߿⣬ů޼ڵ磬ȻͷţзɳһҰ׵۵ʿԼǧˡ
ֶӣͻȻãҲ֪Ϊ˺£ʦ֣γϸӴֶ죬ǼΪģ
ǰһЩߡ꣬ǳΪҲھڣǰ˶żɵ֮ɫӵꡣ
Ŷʮ߰꣬һ˸оǸǵӣʱһźͫȴ˷˪¶⡣
λն꣬һҰ׵ۣҪƮ̫࣬Ƶ˵ϸ˼òҪ¶ȣ
˵ֶ붼벻ĿˣͻȻãȻд£ϸῴȴûнǡʯʦ֡
ֻǽӴֲʲô¼
ʦֵһЦһ£ȻƲںɫȴЩ⣬Ȼ󷽣һ䣺ţ롮ʯܡ֮ڲ֮£νҳ󲻿ǧҪֶǰ̸£ˣǵһΣţֶĴӣһλոսִϵ״ӣˣǶ״ӣ
ǣ˹ش
ĪӣҼһ棬ϧûмݣţùɫ㣬ǣһ÷ݡ
˰ɣ㲻ǲֶ֪ӣĸǳŶģ
Ҳǣ

޼ڵӣһӭֶˣһ٩ȫûʶһ籩Ҫ


1310 ʯ
޼ڵֻȴһᣬʮӰǰգһһǰξҶȣ½޵ȵӣ
ξЩӣ޼ڣеܺ档
ҶȣƺѾ֪ҶȸӦǰһУʦܣӴǵ޼ڣ֮һ治ʮ꣬ﵽڣһʵšﵽ۷壬һλʯܣ붡Ϊʵˣ޼γˮݵľ棬ƺ޼ڣһҪ
ʯܣ
ξܸӦǰҶȻҲӦˣһ񣬾Ƕϣʦ㣬޼ڵľţǱŵţ˿ѷɫ
ʦ㡢ʦ֣ż꣬ҪͻڣЩ꣬һֱǱޣȻΪ㶡ʯܣʵһӽڣһͻڣͻӵڵʵ
Һܺ棬ʦ㣡
Ҷһ棬ɻ󣬿ξ񣺡˵޼һ棬Ϊ޼ΪٵĴڣţɽȻãŵЩšض䣬ڣӦöǶٵĴڣǡںη
Ӧ֪಻ףɵɵֵۣۣյ١һһڸɣյ٣ֻһֻһûпܣ
ƺξЩش⣬Ҫƿ
ʦ㡭ɽжٵĿռ䣿ٵţ˿ڣԶ޷ͳƳȻʿΪٵĴڣţҾͲţţЩϣһһڶٵż֮ǰ
̫ˣҶҲ֪ͨ˵ͷҲһˣǲе̤ͷС
ʦܣҪףţ޼ڣھɽĸֻ˲ŵĵط뷨ʵһشÿɣԼĵ̣޼޼ǵȾͷţ浽񣬱ȻҲвĥ

ξȻûش𣬵ҶѾõ𰸣Ǿֶ죬ڶ٣Ҳ࣬ǿߵӣһĳطֻĬĬݷһַʽΪֶ쾡
ֶ죬ȻҲжٵֻھɽ磬ûбҪְˣ
λֶͣӭͣ¶Ⱥʱ
һˬ֮ǰ߿մ͸
ֻһǧӣѾˢˢξҶԼÿӱȭʾ⡣
ξ򶡴ףʦ֣ͷˣ
ӣҲкܶδΪԽ͸ϲλ룡ξʩ񣬿ξȻûҲйʡ
ξˣŶȳӭ޼ڣ
޼ڣҶ̾ͷǿĸӦҪֶ֪컹Ҫǿʷţʲôӵġ
һӦͷ೬۵Ϣҡ
ɣ޼ڣȻرϢӣʲô·ģѵǡʣ
ڵӣʱҶȸӦУʵǿģͬģԼӵˣһһ֣ҶⷢϢ֪޼֪֪ţô˲š
ڡȻʮλԱֶҪһЩ޼ڣ֮£һϹѹţֲã޼ܾôȻе̣ƺϹ֮УһС
Ӧһ㣬һţܣڵ·ҶȹȻڵ·Ҳ޴ɽӦһϹһƮϢȻƮ޶ҶȻǸӦˡ
һǿߣ޼ڵıӻߣ
ȻҶΪֻܸӦ޼ڣ޼Ҳ˸Ӧ
ң¶һЦݣϹ
ηû뵽ֶ죬λֻһӵ·Ҷһˣһˡ
һҶȾ;ˣȻûִڸӦҲѹ֣Ͼ޼ڵĵԷҲ֮Уʲô˶Ǳ޼ھͲӡ
Ҷȿξ񣬽ξҲؿξֱ·ɽһ𾴣Īǰǡ޼ˡǰ
˴𸴣Ǳֶ۵ĴӣξɣϢ붴ۺһߵˣҶۣûлعˣ
ξž⣺ˣҼʦһֱ޽֮ǱޣΪӣȡԴϾعţ
Ҳ޽֮أֻһֱûʶʼصġ˵ˣԱΪҲڣȴӵ۷ҲֶͨҪϳЩţ޼̾Ϣ
Ҷȴ𾴣ϻش𣺡ǰĻ
ξֳϵ飺ʱ䣬ɷӼˣ
ǱŵˣԺ޽֮أԵҲǣˣҪԪˣ
޼˲ܾξ
ܵõ޼ָ㣬ξҶ˵Īˣ
񣬻ûˡ
ʱѾ޼һʥɽ֮ϣи޼ڵʥɽΧȴ
ʦܣղλ޼ˣ޼ڵʱ䣬Ѿϰˣǰʦ˵λǰ˵ʵѾﵽܾ˵ĸ߶ȣӦá޼Ϊ࣡
ξֶӣ޼ڵӻ񣬰ҶȽʱŶһʥ֮С
ҶȵȻӿ죬һݾξ񣺡ǡ޼ٵĴڣ
˶١ξ񵭵ӦȻŶ֣Ҷʥ󷽣ҷ
ӣ½ޣһһԱ¡
ţ˶޼ڵһЩ鵤һЩҩһЩԳһŵĺ̡
ʯʦ֣
ڶ޼ڣξԼҶȵ˽̸໥֮ʣһЩӣͻȻ
ɫվǰȻһĿ࣬һȴ޳ʮӣһҰ磬ǵ
ʦ֣йͣҲ֪ͨһǸӣ磬ǿʢͷųѹڳÿһˡ
һһ
ʦܣ˾ʯܣйνʣ˼ЩǶξҶȽܵ
ôļơҶȵһЦ
ʯǶκˣֱӰĿͶξ񣬷·Ĺһ㣬ξʩ񣺡ԭӣϴһ𣬿һǧ˰ɣǵɽ罻֮ϣӣ
ϴζлʯʦչˣСһֱţξվ
ֲˡŶλС磿ִϣôЩ죿ʯξǰ˵߶ͣʱĺȻ䣬оһɲͬƣ۽ǣһҶϡ
ϣİϤɫ
ŶҼǵˣλСֵܣɽ罻ϣţҶҶʦ𣿡
Ŷʱ䣬Ҷʦܲɵۣ̤볬ۣΪִϣϲɺأСֵǰ;
ʯֱܼһѽʺ֣ξ񣬺ûһ𣬶ҶȣҲǵ̾Ҫ֪ǿߣھɽ磬ѾǾͷĴڡ
Ҷȣ˵Ŀ


1311 ϳ
ʯʦֿ
ҶȼΪӦ
˿ʯǰֵ̫šû棬֪ǿߵ̬ȡ

ʯˬһЦˣ֪Цʲô
ʦܣ㲻ñֵǿӲɣǫʱ򣬾͵ǫ飡ξ֪ҶǸƣ̺˼ǿ߶ǿߵĶԻҶֻһӦôʯܷâ
ûС
ҶϿ˵ʦ㣬Ǵֶ죬ǸˣǸˣǵ½ŵǵһȣãûţ
ѽ㡭ξ񷴱˵ã޷ϻˡ
˫˶ǴŶԻξҶȣʯܡΪ˫ʼһĽ
Լ죬Ž⣡
ʯܴѹƶʳ⣺֪ӣҶţΪ˺£
ξʯ붡ǣһȫ󡭡ˣΪ״ۣ
״ۣŵӣͬʱһ
ƺһ״ۣȷ𺳣Ҳ֪ξ˼Ϊιغ޼ڡ
ξһ˵ҲӦ֪״۵ĴڣԼǧǰ޽֮һǿҽᣬŻ֣֮ǰãԮ֪ţһҹ֮䱻ŴӦİѾҪĶ֮У̽һϢ
뽲
£ʯ붡˲˽˶Թ׷׿ξϢһ޼й
״һĿꡭǼԪţξ֮£俴òУȴѰЦΪҶĿģѾɡ
Ԫţ
ʯ붡·˻ҩ
Ԫſ޼ڸ״۶ԼԪų֣ǵ޼ڶ֣
⻹ˣ
ǿУɱǰˣĻס
Եȣ²Ƕ˿Ծģ̫شȥ֪ϣʯ붡߳ʥ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷ΢΢֮ʱξͻȻشʦܣͻȻиõķӣԶԸ״ۣû˿𺦣ֿһõʣ
ҶȸоȫôоξԼڶԼһ
ξ״ǸˮǿԣƲ޼ڣϸɣ϶Ը״ȻչǼŵķΧڣ޼ǣͷţӶ
ʦ㣬ҷˣҶԵؿξŮӣȻܵһ㣬뵽һУֶû˿İ취
뷨ɣξõҶȿޣ·òĮǶһݽεεĿ⡣
½ʦ㣬ڿʲô
󷽣һŮӣһֱڶҶξ񣬼ʱʱͷӶĿ⣬㲻ͣԾš
ԱһλŮӵĺ棬ֱۣع
½ޣ
ûʲôֻǶ޼Щ棬ֶ죬ȷкܶĲ֮ͬ½˲ָϢĿŲһ
ϣ
ʥ֮⣬࿴ֵ޼ڵӣ׷׹ֻλߣʯܡҴҲʥ
񣡡
Ҷȣ
λϣ
ξҶֶڵӣλߣһһ
λǰҲһ񣬲ڶ棬һ߻ӻ֣ʦãֶĴӣǳϣҶʦܣִϣҵͬģ
һ˵ξҶҲ
Է˵ĶԣҶξ񣬵λͬģڲһĲϣҶξˣԶ˶ŸҪξ˸֪ǳԽϣֶСˡ
ʦãǴϢʵϣɭϵؿξ
ξʵΪ״ۡõԪӵеľԴʼλϣԪڣǷӵоԴ
⡭λϣȻƿԣһѡ
ʦ㣬ǣΪǵϢɿֵţ˭֪ǾԴڼԪţߵĻܣ֪ģ˵ԴǾͲòˣ
Щģ£Ҫ½
ξҶȣ˽½
ȷУ
ԵúΣʱǱϵʱ̣һϵԴȷڼԪ֮Уںһ׾ṩУǿǼԪҪ̣һʧȥٻüԪţٵӣ޷ͻƣ
ʱҶ˵Ȼ޷ĳϣҲ֪֪ϢǷʵáӦ޼һˣһģüԪţһҹ֮䣬֮
Ҷʦܣοǰ˴æ
һʱûɻл
Ҷȵǫ飬ûһ˵һ㣬Ϊ״Ŷ̾ΰţǼʶ״۵޽֮ľͷֶʲô˼˭֪Ҳǰˣô㣬һˣģǶֶ֣Ƕޱڡʥɽֻ֣޼ڡʧͿ֪
Ҷȳʮ㣬˵ǷԷθ޼ڵˣȫϢʵġ
״ۣǳıҿţһϣɢ۷
һοɵ翪ʼңЩͷ޽֮زʲô½磬½õôһʺƣ
һ״۾Ͳغ޼һĹϵʱһϣȻһ仰೤϶˼뷨
޼ڳϣʼ
ҶһЦξһۣʦ㣬һԻЧ
ǱȻסǣһͬ״ۣͷ˭뵽޼ڻǼɵ״۵ξǸ
֪ʦҶʦǷ⣿
ƺϣͳͳξҶȡ
Ȼǰ˽ţ¾ֶϵ󣬵ʦ֮ǰ˵Ķԣ״۾һŶǰҲֶ죬޼ǿԾ޼ڣһͬԸ״ۣ
ڣһжξҶȼƻ޼ڣҪѰֶæȻҲѰԮ
ֶⷬ壬ñԶǣ״۴ˣǶٵĴڣʵǿ󣬵˫ҲУȥޱ١ʥɽţһͬԸ״ۣʦʦܣڱźúϢȴϢǣһϴ̽Ŀɫ˵
ξҶȣˣͷãиİ֣˵Ը״۾׶ˣȫ֧޼뷨
¾ôˣֶͣȥúϢ
վõӴξҶȵȰ뿪ʥ
״ۣԪ֣
ԪſǱڣȫֵǵ֣ɶ״ۣƵóѣ
ȥ֪ͨԪţغþԴȻһ䱸ñŵӣٸԪķ
Ҫ״ۣһӣ
޼ڲæ˹ӿʼųϡǿߣһһ뿪


1312 ӾԴ
޼һʥɽ֮УֶʮڲͬɽУȴ
û뵽ҶȣŲ꣬ȻΪִֶϣ״ӡ
һ԰ӣſ֮磬ƺ䲻ϵطԾɽͷ
֣
һһȺʿΪףǸ֮ǰӸӢƾ˵ᡢӡ
ӿ꣬湰֣Ϊ֮һЦͬ磺֣ҲҶȵģ
ţҲųϣμжˣ֪ҶȣѾΪִϣЩյˣɽɱ֮󣬱ټ棬ѵõĻᣡ
֣һЩʿ׷ͣ£һۣɽ޴ޱ١
ۿ꣬ǵɽ磬оɱһĻߣʱ죬Ρ
޼λӣҲǵĶߣ
˹ϵһҲİޱ޼ţֶ֮ϵġ
̾Щֶ쵹߶ֻУֶӴһֱҶȵĶ򣬳ϴΣɽ罻ϣҶй⣬Щ꣬δ
ϴɽ罻ᣬֻҶȶ̶һۡǳͬʱڣͬݣһͬɳ
ĵһΣޱٵ֮ǣȻûеǸ񣬵ϢȻôߡ
չֲͷȻһ֣֡
˸д֮ʱһӰ·ɽУԾ֮ι֡
εһ飬һȻŻعҶȣҶ֣
ӦҶϣָܿĿڡ
ʲôϣǾͲô⣡
Ҷͣǰ̹ϲֶ֡ͻƳۣﵽڵΪһǸڵľӢĽѰ
γҡҡͷ¶һ΢绯ȥЦݣҶֻѽڣˣһֱڽϾΪͷﵽڣ֪ԶԶδҪȥĸ߶ȣкԶ
ǶǸڣһֱصĶǻ޷ﵽڣûˣŵԴ
ˣӦúúúһߣҶȻ㣬תˣһͬɽɽͣʣһЩޱٵĵӣڰյȴ
ΡǶʱڣܳĵĿܣɽеľɱҲ䣬ǶһһͻڣԴһɵδ
ξӰȻƯһƬƺ֮ϣ·ɽͣ·뵽˹ȥȻҡҡͷת޼ʥɽʥɽޱ١Ŷˣ޼ڡֶ죬һţԸһ״ۣⲻڣôĶٸ֣ܻⳡΣÿţҪĿģĸŲѩԼ
ͣһᣬתʧ
޼ʥɽһһµᡢϢĮŮӣǧͬŵʿУԷ
ã
Ůӣһɫĳ£·ǲʳ˼̻ӣüһһٷȻǰС
֮
ҷգַһŮӡ
㣡
һŮӣϰۣһʥɽһأʥɽĵӡ
ǵ꣬Ҷɽ磬ĵһˣҲָ·ˣҶȾ޷˳ֶ죬ҶѼţͲξֶۡԼڵĹ¡
ǵ
Ůӷƺǵ桢һʥ
ŮפƺУһᣬǰɽ塣
϶Ը״ۣû뵽ܺҶСǰӣʽ㣬ţͻƳۣҪڣ
ҶСһͨʽ㣬ҲңҲᣬһһۣʥȻ䣬ЦԺ
ҲںһѳΪҵıƻ˵ĿУ·ֻص꣬ħУҶĳ
Ůһ죬һ߷УܿɽͣǺȻӰ뿪ϸһſǳΣ
λ㣬ãһǣ᲻ʥɽ
ŮһĽʣЩ񣬾ڴ˿̣ҶȲ֪ʲôطʲôʱ򣬳Ůߡ
ʥžϲ뽿ŭҶȵ棬ŭһߣСӣȥ٣û㶯
ȥѾ֮󣬱ҪȥԪţʱɲˣ
ҶȿܲŮ⸱ģʥ˲Ϣһɽ
֮
޼ϿգƯ֣ɵ۵ۣšʥɽޱ١޼ڣֶ졣
·ʥɽ֮۵Ĺڣ
巽ŴԼʮˣۼ֮УξҶΪ·ǰһ˻ߣΪڵڲȣңĴŵĴ֮УȻһٵĴڡ
ֶֻûж٣ֻΪͨĴ
Ĵ֣һٵĴڣǶξҶȣû˿ӣͬȸ߶ȣϼƻ
һ֮巽һͬ뿪߿գ巽Ӫ֣ˢˢԶȥ
ʦ㣬Ǹ󷽣óʲôĴţڣٸ֣Уѹ״۵İ취
ƺƵǰţԽˮǧɽçԭԽ󣬷ߴѩɽɽ𽥵ģ޼ڵӿʼ·
ξҶȣֶӣķŴȼУ˽½
ξҶȣһţȻǿĵ̣򣬶궼״ǿߣ޽֮ưԣÿŶҪ𣿶Ըһ״ۣʲôڸţǲʹС£
ಣ
˵֮䣬Ѿԭǰ嫵˶飬ˣǼԪŵĴ϶һԭаʱһƬѩããɽ֮
ԶĵطǼԪŵڣ
ʦ㣡
ϢѩС
ֶʮһ֮С
ҶȲˣϢעǰ޷ΪѾӦһԼϢǼԪԾš
£ôúϢƬ̣ϾԸ״ۣҲһӲ̣ξ̴ڱ룬ûжԪȴҶߡ
ҶЩݣĬһ󣬻ǵξ˵Լ뷨ҿԴݾԴҵϡҵʵֻһأ
˼ˣ
һ̣ξԪҶǰٿȻͣ٣·𱻱ڵĺס
þ֮ξſҶȣͬΪ֣ȡʣһġնɱ״ۣԶȡĴ䣬һȡܶʣԴôҪǾȥɣܱŷ˿˿
ԴڼԪţǱ˷Դʦ㣬İɣʵҲ֪ͬˣ֣ǶôΪ˲ݣǾԴ¶ԭ̫ˣЩ꣬ûУթǣ


1313 ״
ξȻǸҶ֣£ʱ̣ҲҪֶΣȥɣ
ţ
ûһԥҶת߳ӣֻ½΢΢飬ܿҲۡ
Ҷ֮⣬ΧԶĴŸѲӣи֣һ޴󷨱š
һ״ۻȡǵжƻ񲻻·ͻȻţʧء
󷨣Ҷ˵һѴҲûУƬ̼߶Ԫʩչ޷ת𽥵ںϣ׵뿪󷨡
Ŀռָͨ꣬ˣ
֮ڡ
ξûжپ㵣Ϸ㣬ƺ޷谭˫ۣҶʦԸ񣬿ģ˼ܣһЩѰľٶΰжȡԪŵľԴҵǲᱻĴŷֻ֣ġ
ӣ֪Ժĵģ᲻ǱĬص㡭ǶȣЩͷɾ֮·ĸҶʦֶΣǹ̲Է⣬ԶҲ޷̤۷壡
һУû˿ҡʦ˵ĶԣģֻԼͬǡĪһ
ξĵģϵظ֡ļ䣡
һĪֶı仯޷ģٳһҶȡ
һƬԭ֮Уһ޴ɽѩ⡣
ɽ֮ϣγһӴ󷨣֮ڣУǼԪŵĵ
ƺһжûзԪűϿȥƽʱûʲô
ಣ
ҶźֶȻþԴԪϣϢƬ̼䣬ûпԪţΧգĴŵĶٸ֣ȻѸйΧĸأĴٸ֣޷׷֣ЩǱĵӣҲ֮УǼԪŰб״ۣǿҲСţȻǾɽ磬ȴǾͷɳҡ
ûоɽ磬ûһͷ
״½磬ҪӶʣⲻǷŭ
Ҷûֱӽ뼫ԪţȡԴڳ֣˭ҲزֻҪ״ۣѻˮ޻ҶȾƯţȴ״ҲӦԪŵʵ
һţȻ޷볬һȡ
Ԫڲ󷨣־ڣں٣ɼԪʷϣﵽڵʿǺܶ࣬ڣԪڵĳۣһһٶˣֻЩﵽڣڣھôˡ
ţȻв٣ܵڵģûУһŵĲࡣ
ڼԪڣһϾ£ȻһԴңֱһɶһ޴ľԴˡ
ţ
˴Լһ£
Ưա־ֹȴתŽ𵤣ǳ֮ҶȣȻۣӴĸӦֹͣУƬ̴߶ǧͼ֮߳ҷһ
һǧ֮ѩء
ֻǰһѩͬİʿԼһǧˣǰ۾ͷҶһֱȴĴ״
ʱʱԦƶǿûüۡģ֮ƤĸʵǵòȻﲻһ¹ޣ̸֮䣬ʱʱ̶̿Цص
٣ʮڡڣڡ߲߲ƣ
ҶȻޣ״ǿߣǰɹδӦ˫۾Ա߶ǻ
ǧ˶ɹ֮Ҷϴһٷ״ۡĸһһ߸ξʵҲףٷξҲöãͻһУʵʵ
ٷ֮ҶȾȻظһȺ󣬲þԪ֮⡣
һ֣ͣ£״ۣһŵмڲ󷨣ںϵģֻƻ󷨣ڲ󷨾ͻᱬ󷨣ֻͬʱƻǲûлᣬѾԴѩ
˽󷨣ƻǵǵϢǷϢǱֹ󷨣ȻϮԪţ״̶ǧ֣һͳԪ֮
ǣ
Ԫ֮شһһ
˸Υͷּ⣡
ʮͬʱ֣Ԫŵ󷨣˲ͻƻ
Ҷʩչͨ״һͬǱ󷨡
ٸ˵Ԫŵ󷨣ȻЩѲǻƿǱУڼԪӵĸ߿գ
Լʮ˾һ󷨿ռ֮⡣
˿˿ƺʲôǺ󷽣Ҷȴ߶ǧͼٸ֣޷ĴڣԪаǿߡ
֣
ֻƬ̼䣡
״üͷһ壬ɷĿ¶׹⣬Ŀ˾ȻͬʱƣһƵ

¡
žļԪţϢ֮еӣеͻȻǷ޴ѩһ㣬춯
ڲ󷨣ٿȻ䣬һ¡鿪֣һ˶ʱС
ȻһۣһΧառ䡣
䡭
֪ж٣󷨣ڲС˯ļԪŸ߲㣬ôϢģ֮֡
úݵ
ҶȸӦ֮£ڲ󷨣ӣȫǼԪŵľӢ״߶ʮһͳͳһƣɢһӣҲûУһһػΪ
ˣʬҲûУ
ҶȵǲںֳֻǣΪ֮ˣǿžͷȻɱ֣ҲЩ״ۡ˶񶾣ĺɥǵ³Ǿעģ
ȡԴ
֮ʱԪ󷨣Ѿ飬ڲ󷨣ĸֶ֣֮ǾԴǿߣҲͷԪ˲ĨɱھԴ˿ء

һĴ֮ڷ֮ͷš
Դ
״ǰʱڲͬǳ֮֮¶̰Ŀ⡣
֣ͷʱ֣Դץȥ
𣡡
ͷ֮ʣҲˣĹɴ۵Ĺ⻪ֱӴϿ󷨽
Ĺһ𣬾ˮ״òͷȻٶȡԴ״ۿϷãⲻǼԪŸӵе
ǡޱ١ʥɽź޼ڵô£ĴŵΪλѵǵжƻʹԪ֪ԲĴţ
ٿ֮䣬˹
ô࣬ӶȡʣҲв٣ϾԴǵõλﱣ躦ĴţƳ˵
״һ첻µزµӣͬʱƶһĹȻײһһʱ䣬ԪżΪ˷棬ѩ硣
״ۡ
Ԫţɱ¾֮С
һ˫۾ңԶĿѩУ
Ī
ⲻ֪һжֶڱûҶȣȻõ˾Դϧǲ֪ҶȴˣǴ˵еߣûҪ֪ǵļƻǶôף
ĪϢ뺮ںһֻΧëЩëպ纮ѩ


1314 ֶĻԻ
ë˺硢ѩĪ·ѩ磬һƬѩѣ
ءȻͨױȣ
ͱӦ
ʦܴҴߵʣȴԴҴ֮Ȼãʦǰеľͷ
ĪԵã̬˵ûٿ롢ԪţΪɵҶȵоٵľͷ
ǱҶȸӦơԸҶȣ
Ԫţ
Ĵ״ۡѾΪƽأ
ɶ񡭡Ȼһٸ֣֮Сȿȣ

״ǱѣտʼԿĴǸмһˣǣӴ֮ĹɶٵͻȻǳ͵Ϯֻһ٣ٵĸֶ֣
ԣ˲ᣡ
ǻǶپͷ
ѹ˲ϴĸ֣ʱԴץԴһõǿʱ뿪ɽ磬ǣˣ
һ̣벻鷢ˡ
Ϸĵٴν٣Ƿ
һ̣һֻ֣ͻȻץסᣬǰ״ʱʱͳͷͨ
ǺץסԴ˲벻֪ʲôطȥˣ˹ҲΪУڷ
λҪģҾͲˣǻԸңѰҵڣȰǣ뿪Ĵŵĵٸ֣ѾԶٲβ;ӵĻԶ޷ع޽֮أ
Ҷ޵Цӿնд
ɶСӡ
˭
״ñףôûˣһĴš
ⲻˮһ𣿵ͷջϲһ
ֵܣǿߣ
ͻȻסŭ״ۣ״ۣһͷȴھɽƿòˡ
ôԸߣ
û취ƾؽɴٴ󶯸λҲı䲻ʵʱʩչͨӿʧȥ
ಣ
ʱϷ޴Ӱ˶ٵƣϢԪŵϷǲŹһ
˵ף״޽֮߶ĶپͷǱھɽĶپͷҪĶֶ࣬β
ҶѾڷϿգ״ߣٸ·ŵĶپͷȴһʱᣬδ״۵ټʩչʼŷ棬չһδεľˡ𹥻
Ԫûˣ
״ۡΪ뿪ΪǺãٺ٣Ϊ˷㣬޽֮أʦ֣նɱǣܵشʧȥҰޣʰǣ
ҶȾȻֵĿ꣬״̸ͷ޽֮أɲ룬֪ԪŵľԴǱ״۶ȥ
޽֮أ
ڻˡ
״˷ɳ㣬޽֮أ͵ع˴󺣣ƣ̾
ͷȻ½磬Ǳ飡
״ŭɶɽ磬ƺδعɶ񣬿ɶ񰡣ӣ˭֪ǵðƤһ㣬һظˣ
Ԫ
ڴ˿̣
һ޽ӴַâޱȵĽͷĺ󷽣ϢĴ
⣬˺ʱ˶ûз֡
һ̣״ͻȻת˫ס˫磬ȻǿеתԼǰ
֪˺¡
ͷ״Ļأʵǿ
ͣ
һ٣شĸ֣쳣ǿģǣȴԪ֮شţ״۲δȻֱһ󱳡
ԭԪһֻԲ޷ɱնɱٵҶóӴ
ǣ״ȴΪ˶ԸҶȣԸ֮ˣȻһ󱳣ۺֱӴ͸ӰҶȣϯȥ
ģģջͷһ״ۣû뵽³ûҶУû֣֮ԼС
ģ
ͣ
״ײСԵһУնɱ֪жôֲҶȵӰͻأˣһʹҶѪ
֮ûʧǳƣסʬ˹ȥ״ۣһĻûȥء
Ϊһʬ壬ڲ£ա
ٿ
ͬʱҶȵ޽֮غУֳ
ԭСӣ״һ˲¹ǵǿƣŷŭҶȣҪ˲ȥնɱҶȣϴˢ衣
Ҷɫ԰ףһٵУһԹķףס󲿷˵޷߶ĵز
ڣõʬ壬ʬ壬Ĵ䣬һӵвٵĲƸ
ҶȰʬ壬״۵棬֮УȻ״ֹۣţʦôû˴£Ӧڸô֣ǲ֣ҲʩչҵһܣǱ¶ǰ
ʱҶҪնɱ˵״ۣѾõĻᣬؼξãһͬ״ۣȴٳٲ
֣ҶҲնɱ״ۣóԼ̣ѹ״ۡ
ĵ̣纺ն⣬û֪
Ҳݺɽԭ֮һ
Сӣˣ
״ۼԼһУ˵ҶȣңδоҶʲôٵϢ˲ϢͱͻҪԵҶȡ
𣿡ҶȺȻ¶һݾϲЦݡ
ٿ
һɹɽͻȻ״۵ĺ󷽴
ͬʱҶҲ߶Ԫֱץƽ飬״۵棬ȥؽһͬ״ۡ

״ͻȻһ򣬶ȻļһŮӣӽ󷽳
ͣ
ǰâͷž˵ϢҲ״Ϯ״ͻأ޷ӦΪϢ
Ҷȣξ񡭡룡
ۿ״ۣҪܵشҲҪѲƤʱһӰͻȻҶȵƽǰһɫס״ۣļл
ţ
ҶֹͣξڰͬʱǸ߿еˡ
桭û뵽ϢôãҪ𣿡ξ֮ԳٳٲҶȵԭ򣬷·Ѿ͸Ӧڰ
ˣ״ӣĪ
Ī״۴ŷĪİˣ˸ķ
һֶ̣ĹâҶȡĪξͷų
һɣš֣޷Ԥϵδֱһ޷ܣĴ档
ˣ״ӣ
һǴʦ㣬Ī⣬ܣֶҲտڲ̸
һĪ״ӣӵڵΪڣѳΪڵĴڣʵѾһ١
һҶȣһ꣬Ǹͨӣȴֶرںδ
Īͫ¶һ䳰ҲҲû뵽нľ档
ξͫһɱնɱĪΪԼһᣬҲһᣬٲȻЩڡ
Ҷƽ˫ֻۣ¶һΣĪʱʱ̶̿


1315 Ī
ǿĶٸ֣״ۣڵΪˣһԾ䣬޽֮أʩչͨ
Īһͷţ°ȺȻҶȣһǱ˴ǿĵˣ
Ϊҡɲͬ
ҶξȼĪ·ֻصʱ̣ĺȻһЦԭҿԳΪܺõʦֹϵԹͬЯ֣Ϊֶ쾡һͨעԶҲ޷ҵĵģΪһֻ伦ѵӥ뿪ֶ졭ǿˣΪ벻㻹ʲôԼж𣿡
㻹һǿʶƱ磬ҵȷˣȴǣһɲ䣬ҴʦһУɣҼʦ°ɣܣȫͷųһֶ죬һŮƿصţʲôϢֶ죬ǽ꣬ˣ÷ֶۡѩξŮӣӦ£Ϊе

һϯξɱʤ
ξҶһֱΪŮˣǲµġ
ǰһһ̣ĪΪУ׼ȷ˵ΪУûоԣûоԵļӲҲûоԵûоԵķҲûоԵԲĪѾȰ㣬عֶ죬ǰҾ㻹Ǹ֮ģڿ״ʲô֣֮Ȼǿߣֻ֪ͷȡԼǿ㲻Ҳһ֮ʳζɣ
ԭЩˣֶĵӡ
ţյͬţ۷Ի֮ʡ
״۽ƻһЦɫֶ죬һţȻ˲űСЩ½ţʲôֶֶۣһŮˣܴʲôǿţԱĪС˵ĺܶԣǼˣ͵Ϯֶ죬һŮӣȥ޽֮أЩ塢ħ塢а̵ľͷǡ
ǳԲѣ˵ᣬˡ
Ī༥ƺΪǿߣ˿ߵӣ׵ҵʦǾı£ˣҶȣ˵˵ȥҲǿһŮϥ£ǲֶۣ˫ˣˣһܽܣ۹⣬ҲŶǳˣ
Ա̫ˡ
ǰĪֿ꣬Ҷһ㣺ȥǲнģĪֵ֪ĿģϴʦϳƿҲİɣڵʵԸСһ㡭δʦΣҪҽ֣ǣ
ұ˴ˣ֪֪ףãһ㶯޴⣡
һЦԵ״ָۣҶȣɫ״ۣԭǿԵõԴģļƻ޷죬֪Ϊʲôȫ̽𣿡
Ŷ״ͻȻһ
Īʱӭһͱ˵ƣΪļƻΪҶȵСӻϤ޼ڣγޱڡʥɽšֶΪһͬԸ㣬ԣŻһͿأʼٸߣǴˣңǳûȡľԴ𣿡
ɶ񡭡Ҷȣ
״۶񶾶ҶȣЫ׼ͫĿ¶׹⣬Ťı顣
Ī
򵥣Ĳ򵥡
ҶȺȻǰĪѾȫȫϤ۹⣬ȥ򽻵ԭһжΪֻξ֪ʵϣһоȻĪƿˡ
ؼˣȻһֱûг֡
״ȡԴʧܣҶֶȡʱĪƻҶȺõĻᡣ
ûаճƣڰжһУۻȻʱų״ۣĿģȻǲԼ֣ǹƻ״ۣһ٣޽֮ݺǿߣҶɱ֡
ôļı
һ֮䣬뷨ҶȺȻ뵽ʲôһԣɱξ񣺡ʦ㣬ĪһֱǷĪĴڣ
ξȷΪ״۰صĸ֣֪Ǵˣֶһˮأֵ˲ţﲻĪˣ޷СֶθɱһСģͻȦף
ϴΣִʱһԪ񣬱ħǿߴݻ٣ڴ£ֵһµԪ˫Ԫң֪ġĪʦܡһ̣ҲʽΪҵĵˣ
øˡƺϴδ֮֮䣬ǷȤ£Ȼ˶Ը㣿
𣬵ʱҳôոʱ͵Ϯɹ˴ѣʲôˣӽʱڵͷӵдߵڶ
˵ı£ֲĪһ·β棬ش𶨲׷Ź㣡
֪ԭɣȻⲢҶ֮䣬£ΪѪ⣬ҶȶãǶĳ裬Լǲ˵ȥģöۣҶҲ˵ȥ

ξһͣҲҶ˵ģڲףĪΪαֶ죬ٴֵԭ
˫ֲ¡
һȴȹϵϣת״ۡ
һˣĪĪС磬˱ۣǾǱ۵ֵܣڿɲʱһĴŸɱҾӲˣ
Ҳ˼һˣԿǣʱĴԮĪ·һֻڵȴ״仰̱ͬˡ
Ī뿪ߣ״۱ξһȻȵ
ʦ㣬ҿǼҴ̳һ
ĪͻȻξУԹޣһɫ
ξһöҲΪܣˣ
һնֶѸ֮ˮ֮ʵѣҵлл㣬ʦ㣬һ㿴һ죬Īɱֶ죬Ѷۣ㣬ͳͳ£ΪҵҪ֪Ūζ
˵仰ĪѾŤ£
ߣ
ξͻȻһץһĿɹ⽣ͻȻС
ʲôȻһرȻɹξʩչΨһĴڣһѹ״۶Ϊ֮һ
ɹֶڲһѣ޽֮ʲô
Īһ֮ԱǣͻȻЦһ£־һëУʦ㣬Ѳգ˵ϣڣ㿴ҵɣһŭǳ
˵꣬Īֱ֣Ӷ֮
ҶȲһУҪĪҲ뿴ξĵ̣ȴһ䣬ɫأСģǴľѧ֮𣡣
ƣ
ξһԾ𣬷·ӣڻ裬羪һ֣ɹ⽣һɹΪǰƮë
¡
Ȼ֮䣬ȫĪͨôĸӣֻξʩչɹ⽣ͳͳΪһɳȥһ硣
һǳ磬ܻΪ

һ
һУ
ξȫ·磬ɹ⽣Ȼˣˣƣ˺


1316 ȱ½

һУֻһУ
ĪȫռϷ磬ҿѣȫûȫ֣Ĵ֮ξǿѹȥ
һЦ˫֣һͷ
û뵽СʵأδʩչڡĪҲﵽһ٣Ӵͷ𣬴˭
״üͷ֮ɫѾʧһ棺ֶĵӣһһ죬ŮӣƺҲûʩչȫԱ߻иӵвռͨ˲ֵĹŹСӡôˣ״ֻۣ޽֮سԿôЩУҲƿ
Խ룬Խɻ󲻽⡣
ξҿɲҶȣ
ξúˣĪ͸ӲϬ쳣ôҳΪˣԦ㣬ʸɣ֪㿴κˣһ֪㲻ҲֻһŮ˶ѣ
ʵȻǿˣ
˭֪ξסӰȴûǸɱ¶޷˴ĦЦݣܼţ˲ţʦģһУҲûа׷ѣ
ҾͲˣҶȣһҹʳѰһʱʱ̿Χ㣬ҪΪ㣬Ϣȥ磡
ĪҶȣȻת״۷·Ĭͬʱ߶ͨǻ
׷ˣ
ҶȿɲŹ״ۣնɱ״ۡ
ξסȥɣ״ۣˣ½ƿȡԴ£˵ȥǴԼӣĪɽˮתȥʲô磬ǿˣʱһʰˣ
ðɡĪ׷ҶҲ׷ˣѵõԴ
ξ֪ͨ𶼿ӦοһĪҶֻǲˣô
ৣ
֮ʣһö䣬Ҷģξ񣺡Ĵ䣬״۹ϵ򵥣ȻҲֵòٲϴǶٸ֣Ҳ٣ֲź
ҲʲôʲôҪģξδϽ½ָ
ҶȰڰ֣ջ֣Ҫղŵ״һ˵òǳҪܳʱָܻʦ㣬кɣʱҪ޽֮ˣż꣬ͿԻعţ
Ҫһ֮ξһʡ
·Ԫ֮£δᣬţڶԸ״۴ĲһҪȥϴ״Ľʦ£ܶ࣬ȸǣҶ˵꣬һЦͶշȥЩį
֪ˣָʲôȥˣ߶߶ģ
ξ䣬ת·ɽȥ
ĪĪʱ治Ĵ룬֮ͬ飬ŴҲиӦȴû뵽ԼԼĺ·
ξȥıӰͻȻԽʧռ䡣
״ۡܲˣ
֮޽֮ա
Ҷȴ˸״ǲ԰׵ɫѾڻĻָˣȥõôľԴ
ԭҶξ˵ˡ
ҶȣӲŹԼвĴڣ֪ƻĺ£ưոݣ֪ʲôʱڰ;ͻȻɱɱҸֲԡɱţȰɱˣҪҪĶ
ҶȵϣϤɫ˫˸ǳ֮⣬ΧͷУ׽״۵Ϣ
õȻӵ״۵Ϣ˰ʱҶȾҵ˲ʩչǧͼȥ
ת˲
Ҷǳ֮⣬ңԶգȻǻɫǰӰٷţĪ״ۡ
ʩչԪںϾԴϢҶں󷽻ţֻҪ״۵ϢøôмʱҶ鷢ˡ
ĪȻ״۷ֵ𣬸ҷ룬ҶȲܸˣĪ˵ȥҴҶȸӲȥԶţԣȻ״ۣʯʱա
·У޽֮صľ޴һٸ֣ҲҪôʱ䡣
ڣ״ͣͣһ½Ҫ󼸱ʡǿۻƯ½
ҶפȻ״ۣ½޷ӹҶȵĿӣҶȸ̾Ŵ½˾޴Ĵ½½ҪһĬĬ֮ءǶľӻ۳ƹڴ˾ͺˣ
磬ôСǧˣ
Ȼ䣬ƤɰСǧǳ֮ɢΡ
ٺ٣ˣСǧڣʲôҶǼͷŪú·дǧͼõκοռ
½Ƚʷˣ޽֮²ռ䣬Ϊȱ½ҲǰˣΪޣԽͷϷ½Ҳնɱһ˰ɣ
СǧȻƤҲЩ̾磬㻹ǵô˹ɣ
Ȼǵãǰǵһ޽֮ش۹ǰֻǰΪֻԲ괴Ĵģɣ
һҶȲ֪ȱ½˹ʲôϵ
磬Բ˼
СǧҶȣһģڣڵ٣ڣڣһǿߣڣ٣ڵ۷ԲԴ˹ǿߣٵĴڣһͻ٣ͻԲﵽ񾳽磡
Ҷͷԭôһ£δϸ룬ϸϸһ룬Сǧ˵Ǻǣԭˣڵɵ磬û˵ڣǶ٣
ȱ½˹ʲôϵ
СǧǰҶȻ÷ġ
СǧգգۣĿ߿գΪȱ½Ϸ޽֮жΣӽߴʱգǴ˹꽨ĴڣѾΪһ½ûȥΪ
𣿡
Ȼоվ˾˵Ľ¡
Ҷ̧ͷһǸߴĸǴ˹꣬һ۹ڣǺεȵĻԻ¡
ͷǰ񣬶ֻ칬һ˹ֻٸ֣˹ţ٣ӵаҲһҲδȫɹ٣ѳΪɽĸ֣ҲڶɽڣӵаʵĴڡ
ӵԽȼֵˣɲֹҶһҶ֪ˣѩĪ
Ƕ٣ԽӵаʵǲһĲܣǶٻڣˣ
˹۷壬ӵаǲɽ硢ڡ
磬ڽȱ½𣿡
Ҷ˼֮ʣСǧĳĬ
ţȥ˽״۵ıݣȻҸطָƣָ˵ܴﵽԲʵܸپͷ
ԴСǧҪøľԴ
Ҷȱ½˵
˵Σһڸʵ֣磬øǿɣʱǾͿԻصʥ磬ǿУ˵ʬ壬ţ˵ʬ壬һؿռ֮Уʱһ֤ͬСǧǿ̰ɣСǧҶȸڴ
ǵ˼ңҸطϢ
ʥ磬Ҷ޷ǵĵط
߰ɣȥȱ½Ƕٵľͷǣ
ҶȴģĲƯ쫷еȱ½


1317 پ
ȱ½УΧȥֻһͨʴ½
ʵȻ
棬ȻֲһС飬һСÿһƿһƬǳأɽͣƺһȺ۸ֵĵط
Ҷȷȱ½ܿ͸ӦһǿϢȻ󲿷ֻǳϢڡ죬ڶУٵϢȴ޷ǣǣʮٵĴڡ
УǿıǶ٣ûһپͷ
Ҳ٣Ӯһ㣬޽֮ص۷ʱգӪ
ȱ½ǿ޽֮ؾסȸɫͳͳУҶֻǴŸӦһΪϢȻӦ״۵ڡ
ֻһṦҶȾͿǰһߵķɽϣĶߣȫģһߣһռ䣬״ۣڶȺϷһߡ
Ҷȴ߶ԪʼԽһǳأ벻ͬϢ𽥿ǰǷɽ״ۣɽϣλѽ
ֻ𣬵Żߴ
ߵĶڣֻһٸ֡ħϢȻ˼ħϢ޷ӹҵĸӦ
𽥿ɽҶȾ͸оʱԽ롢κ۵ѹȣΪǷ涴ߵˣһħĶٸ֡
һ֣޽֮ͨʱգӵôһأȻڻ£ڵڣ뽭һŵʮƽƽ
ڶ£ҪϢ治ףǱ٣ӮʡԪаʱҪЩСǧҪϣ
Ҷȿʼ߶ԴȻʩչ֮ͨںһԹķ֮УˣΪռһ޵ʡ
˲Ϣɽǰ·ߣÿߣŶ٣ǿߵĴڣЩֻۣͨٲӵн붴ߵʸģȱ½ͨĳǳأǻҰޡ
Ϊ˽ҶȿʼסͷŸӦ߶ߵķʼںϣԴʼãںκɽʲô£𽥵ģԴںϣҶȵĸӦ͸ȥ
ֻһЩŮŮǷáǧ˵գһҶ͸ɫ磬ˮܽأ
ɼⶴˣǸô
ǿҵĽ
ɫǰˣĸܵˡ
ҶȣҲ޷ŮŲ𣬲ĿģǿŮģŮֶһѣɫɲͱԡ
ҶȰһħһߣˣӦò״۵ĴһٿеĴֻٲʸӵУ
ҶȼͷŸӦں϶ѵؽߣ̣ͼûʵĽɫڵõñȻʹҪݻʯǼƷʯװһУǹżϼصĲС
һȴڲͬǾڵϷյͨħƣͷħħ
״ôһֻˣ
ڱ֮£һ˹վţһֱͷ
ÿ棬ϢҶ֪ȥ½Ųѵ״ۣܾͻһֻˡ
ҶҲʼ״ۻȴţҲżĽ󷨿ռ䣬ȥȴҪðΣգ˭֪ⶴߵˣʲôͨԪаһ
һֱȥ˴꣡
ڣ״һ̧ͷҶҲͬʱһ۹ӣżλŻ¶ŮͥŲִŶٵƣѹȶ
һȥʮİ۹ӡ
һ£ҪǣһԵǴ˵ףֽһ԰ףûκεѪһ㣬ǸˣˣҲ޷ڸʸ߹󡢷桢˲õơ
ôһϤζ
֪ΪΣһۼħӣҶȾ;ЩϤ
һʱ벻ϸһ۹ӵüģȻһɫСͻأЩħļ
״۶ʱ֣پڳˣ
״ۣʱ̬ǫˣ
۹£ŮĴ֮ϣбۡƲ㲻һֻҵĴ𣿽ʲô죿ôںСɫˣ
پĻֻһֱߵĻΪ¶ѣپҪСļƽϣ״۳ͷβӡ
ˣСأ½磬ƺȥô۹Ų԰׵ϣ¶һЦ˸оëһɻƤĸо
·뵽Ϊµ£״ۻһپҪΪֵ½硭½类˸ɱˣ
ɣ۹״ۡ
ţӿԸӦֵܵıϢپӵġ
״ץס˵ᣬͰ½緢£󲿷ָŤ飬ڰ۹ǰ˵һ飬ص㣬һǾԴΪ˾ԴΧΡ
Ҷնɱˣƻһмƻ
ôһͷǶٸ֣Ȼӣ˵һסҶεҡҡͷ⻹һٵǿ
ԴҴѰҵıҲڰռȻֶһҶȵĳϣɱˣ
۹֮һֱھ֮С
״һӿˮǱѹҲˣЩëë棬۾ֻǿϧ˾Դپ㲻֪ǷݾԴѰ֮󣬱ҼģҪһЩ
۹Цøֶ죬½Ŷѣûޱ١ʥɽ޼ôǿ󣬻쵽ҧˡȲҪţһ˵һòҪǰȥԴƢԣ״ۣҪˣ
ǣȫپΪСĿѣ
ȺúϢָƣһԺ˵ڿһȤ£ǡɱ롮ӡҪɵ£ոշŶ޽֮һģŵȥҪȥģ۹ӻѹһѹʾ״۲Ҫôġ
ɱӣ
״һʵɱǳа𣿶ǰһɵ䣬ɻˣ޽֮شӵвʵһҪپķͷ
ɱʵǳǿ֮УǿĴ֮һһ㣬ͱǼλˣʱҪ٣ͬѰĴӣǱҪȥģһ٣ûȥպμ棿ˣȥɣ۹һ֡
ֻ֣һħͰ״۾ˣ
ҶȣҲĵسᣬ뿪ߡ
ɱӣЩǶǵ꣬۳ƹӸѣҪС޽֮ص𣿡
˳뿪ߣҶȾ˿
Ȼžȣʼ˼⣬۳ƹӽĳɱаǿߣǷаǿߣɵ£ĪǡΪ˽٣
ˣ
뵽۳ƹӣҶȺȻת򶴿ߣֲþеϤˡĪ۳ƴ磬˵ģСעǿ֮һħġپ
ǳħ
һ԰׵Ƥͬʬһɫ
ãһһ֤˾ǰپħǿ
۳ƴһپԼһЩϸţȥ۳ƴ磬˵֪پ˵ġ硯˭
Ҷ̴߶ǧͼɣŴȥ


1318 ɱͬе
ţƯڻУλһʳɵɽС
ҶȾŵǰ߶һٷڲͷŶȥ
ٿ
ԼʱٷȻ۷һƬտٷȥ
۳ƴ粻ڣ
ٷݵĿ꣬۳ƹӣٷŷɳһʱգ۳ƹӲŵԭ
Ҷ߶ǧͼԼٷϢϴҪ۳ƹںδ
Ҫ޽֮أٷٶȣٸ֣һ⣬޽֮ܵٷӵĸӦһһ壬ӵȸ
ȻҲٷٱ
ҶҲֻͷŴǧͼߵʣټ̷׷ٷٶȣǵﵽٵľ磬ɸκεٷϢ
ȻʱҶǿԸ⿴ĳ
ɣĪɱ뵥ӣΪ֮أ
ֱʱһֱ߶ǧͼٷϷԾգʱѾȱ½߳һֵ޽֮ʱա
ǰƯһ
ʲô½
ҵ򵥣һɫôȥʮ־޴󣬲ɫȴͷŵԡ
һһһںϣﶼٻ͵ڹУõ
ӵֱģһӵǿʵмͷĴ
۳ƴȻУŶжľӡөӣôа̡ħϢˣɱǿߵľۼ֮أȻ˸ۻڴˣһɫǶ٣ֻռٵһ֣
ɫУٲȻǸ֮̾أҶȵǸӦһЩϤϢоϤϢ֮У
ˣ̫ˣڵǴ˲ס鹫ӵʦ޷õǼҩɾ
֮£Ȼ糱ˮӿͷ±Ǩ£ͬշһ㣬һϢǷҩɾ
Ǹһͷ췢ߵķҩɾʱ鹫ӣ࿴û뵽ٴμˡ
һǴӳͷ֮ӳĳۣùʱƵϢµϢ޷Ĩ
ҩɾһӳͷ֮ӳǿߡ
Ȼ߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ͷҲһѺΧǿߡ
ʱҶΪ̫С֪ڣͷھͷ֪ǿߣҲڵľͷֻǣûдﵽͷָ߶ȡ
ҶȸӦеһٸ֣Ȼݣȴ޷ӹ龻ָ֪
ҩɾľӡөӡ̫ˣĿģΪ˰پ֪ҵʵݣ
ɲǣҶȱ߶ͨûһİģ
ȻȺһ󹦷Ӱˢˢشͭзɳ۳ƹӡөľ쳡
ͭмʿ뿪ȻػΧͬˣɭɭհ˷
㡭
۳ƹӵһۣڻûģҶϣٿķȴûҪġҶȡӰӣǰİ꣬ǰ
ľǰһһЦҶС磡
ǶľҶȽӴʱ䳤һ̸ͨӦҶȵϢҶͷųһϢʩ񣺡Сܣ۳ƴ硢λӣ
Сӣƹǻ˸Ҷƭȥˣ۳ƹӻȻһȻһȻһ̣λӣҶȱ仯̫ˣòǡʵ
ףУһͷ
磬ˣһˣһЩ飬Ϊɱ뵥Ӷ±Ƚأλ˵
ҶȿķһȻ˵һ䣬˲˼Ҷǰͱһ֮γһĿռ䡣
ľһδЩ̫ϸ֪ҶһЩ£֪Ҷ£ˮ©˽
޷򣬴߶ͨγɶ㣬ҶȲŷĿˣ̹׵Ϊ˰پ
پ
ʱһѽģľөüɷΪˡ
ҶȻ˵ı飬һУȻҲԤ֮УϾپǶٵĴڣǲΪȻʵǿǱ٣٣вġ
۳ƹӣҶȴδࣺ˿ǳħڣΪǿ˶ٵĴڣҲֻڹйʣ˽Ҵ˲ʵǿҲĺ޽֮˽֪һħɷǣ
ө۳ƹӿĺܽ˹ϵƺ£Ҷȣ˸һ˿ѣҴ˽㣬ʮָӣħǿ߶ͬˣɱͬеٮٮߣϵҲǷǳ
˵ģ޵Ͼڲ̫󣬶ǻ֪ҶΪ
˼һ˫ҶȣȻΪġ룺ϴţ۳Ѷ˵޽֮֮УһЩپ֮һģҵĿ꣬ǰپȻΪΪĴλ֪پһ磬ӦٵĴڣ
پ磿ֵܣĴͶȥˣħģһ磬ɲҳһλ۳ƹӵҡҡͷ
ľѵȻ֪پʲôϸ𣬵ҪС˴򽻵Ƿŭֶ춼Ա㣬ִֶϣ
ӣپȻֻʶķݣʶң
ҶԳһȻָһȻصϢҪӽˣҲһЩҪ飬ֻǴҲΪҵģҲ
ʱ۳ƹ򣺡ʶͺðˣһȥһ῿ˣڽʣξۻᣬҲʶһֵʱÿʮ£ɽķ֣ɱ˾һЩپͷ޷κεǰһҲֵˣ
ǻڻݣ
ľϸĶ䣬ȻҶȸһͬͭ
ֵܣ㿴ɱֶΣһУӵеģָͷĹһЩͷӵֱ
ܿͭ£Զͭ˵ֻʮƮ죬վ棬վھ˵Ľ£ʯƵơ
۳ƹΪҶȽͭˣɱ
ȷǲ֮½κţϱû뵽ȱɱƿأҶȼʶҲӵһκ˶Ҫ˽⣬Ȼ⡣
óͭȻֻһƷʣȴӵм̵ĲʣΪֱȱ
ȻҲһҲѷɫ֡۳ƹٴһ̾һ޽֮ţҲûֱ
۳ƹӣλӣλǣ
˲ͭǷͬһɫϡ
ڣʿ߳࣬ʩȻĿһһҶϡ
ǵѣΪɱأ۳ƹӵӦһ䣬ŵ

޽֮أȻ֣и֣ܵһɡ
ԣɱǿߣҲȥţ˵ŵӣһͨӣ޽֮سԵÿ
Ϊ޽֮أվ˽Ÿ


1319 һ
ֶ졭ţȻ̫࣡
˲Ϣ࣬Ҷȸͬܣʶǿŵ
Ų޽֮أɵĴڡ
¾޽֮һСɣҲ½糬һţҪ޽֮سԵÿ
½ţ޽֮ؿɣΪɽǿţ˼򵥣ôǿߡͷɫɫȻ˵ޡҲ
һɣ޽֮أ졣
κβʣʣĵ
𽥽빬ȻҶǰƯɽ壬ÿһɽ壬һЩȺɽĹΪ׳ۡ
·ɽ壬·û׶֮أƾƯġ
һڲȻôһռ䣬Ȼ󣬵޷ʵģڴ󲿷˵Ǵ档
ҿռ磬ƯŵһɵһС֣ǵԣ˵һߣУֱ°빦ֲãɱΪһеǿߡ
޵
ֺҪأȻҪ
ֱӷɽ壬ĹǰһƬ԰ʮֿտùۼɾ֮С
԰֮УͤȡСƷʯΣݻ˼£ǰһΣھɽ磬ԻȡƸ
١ڵǿߣߣֻǾһģǹһǶʮ£ˣʮϵġ
ʿǿߵ硣
Ҷ֮أ۳ƹӡөӡľһСϵͤУﻹмλǿߣŮŮУ۳ƹӵѣҶʮ̸ֿЦҲûȥѯҶȵ
پ
ɲǣھ빬ܽһƬУҶȼĿ꣬پ뼸ħϢǿߣʲô
öǿߣΧ֣֮ЦЩˣɵپö֮ѹƿ־壬׽
ǡҩɾ
Ϥףǻ쳤̺ͬԣӵһɳϢŹӽˣҶĿ⡣
ǷҩɾڵаӣһֶԸ鹫ӵĴڡ
ɵ۾磬ڶϻ£˳ۣȥ˾Ȼڣһʵ´ﵽ۷壬˵ڣһΡʱʱ̿ȼյʱΪṩ
һǿߣӲҶȵĸӦĪξ񡢶ľҩɾӵһһԣҶȵķۡ
˼ϸ壬өӣ뼸λŮƷĶľ쳣𽥷ҶȵĿ⣬Ȼʵôʶҩɾ
ɸһڵ棬ΪǺܾˣȴҶҲʳеɻ
ľ쳵ɱС˷ҩɾ֪ɽ磬мˣΪߣҲ˷Ϊϱ
ŶҶȸӺ档
󷨴ʦʦʦԼһЩӵͨˣԴıɽ磬޽֮УкĹϵûԸǣߵĺܽıȡһЩҪĶҩɾɵУһֵˣҶźĴ棬ǻУУõһȻûȥ֤£ֻǴӴˣ𽥳ΪһʦнæƵҩ
˰ɣԭҩɾͷˣƵĵҩܿٻָΣɱϱԶЩһͣ
ľһһϸ
ԭˣ
֮ҶףΪεڵ鹫ҲԷҩɾǰ࿴ԭӵһͨ˰ͨߵﶼܻӭһ£кܶվΪͷ

Ϊߣϵȴһǿߣͳͳ֤ҩɾһʮص
ҶȾͿʼǸӳͷ֮磬ӳ
ҷɽ룬м죬һ꣬һֱĬһż˵˵ЦЦ

İİգİϢİһУҶȶʱ꣬ΪˣǴӳͷ֮ӳķߡ
ͷ֮ѺٵķߣǲԵͥǸǸԭ칬ѹ
Ҷһת̿ľ쳣ӣǼɽ¼ˣϵã
ϵãǲа̡ħһЩɢޣȴʵЩپҲأû˽ֻйƬ潻ʣֻҪ֪֮Уһˣ
Ա˽Ķľ쳣̻ףɽȻҶȣһһ͵ΪŴĳɵĵӣΪϹͥУ֪ʲôʣ˱Ϲͥͥʿ

ҶԺϡǵã۳ƹӴǰҲᵽа¡
ľ쳼˵˴һǰڣ֮ͷУΪһٸ֣ʵǺǿģ
ôӿʶ󷽣ǸһֱĬĻˣҶֱ⣬ľ쳲ˣпܿ˼
ľ۵Ŀ⣬ǸˣҲ¶һݾֿҶȣһĨɫƺѿҶѯĿֻ꣬תߣתעĿģǻˡ
ڼǰʱڽܹΪٵۡûоΪһ٣ʶˣľ쳸ǵֱԲ䣬ѿҶ˼һ仰
ʶֻżȻΪϢܲͬѰԵû뵽ˣ
ҶԺĶľ쳣ֻǵȻһЦ
̬ȣĻ޷죬ǶľһЦ㲻ʲô
С쳣ԭҸոմɱ
˿̣Ҷ࿴ǸٵۣϾˣпܣΪԺһǿߡ
ǣһࡢͦεӣȻż
ȫǶϢúΧǿߣ׷׿
ƶܼϡӡ𣿡
˴ž⣬ſʱ
ľ쳲ûжٷӦԱߵөӣȴվȻһŭڶǿӲ䲻ȵĺȵ
ӣ˼ɵĴڣȻڣƤȻЦөСãĪԺ˵һˣһĽأ
˭ҪרƶĽ߳ȥҿĸŮӣԸ˵һ仰ߣөӿ൱ģȴǷˡ
Χӣөס
ֲãס۳ƹӡ
ƶ֣۳ƹӴʱվڣɲηǰĿӣ˵
ƶ
Աߣ۵ҶȣһƬȻ
ӡ
ܿ࣬ңȻǱ桢񡢸ߴͣһ˫۾񣬶ӥǣͦ͸ֱһӡ
ҶһԾӣʱĶŵʣʣȴаģǣĲƤܲһĺƣͷŵĶ
Ҷ뵽յĶ֣޶ħ


1320 ȤĹƶ
ɲ޶ħ
޶ħΪ⸱ео㡢ⲻԸ
ɱа֮Уһеľ֡
ƶ
һʵǿר޹ƶڴ󲿷˶ɱȻʵǿͷۡëֶΡ
ƶˡ
صĹƶһٵΪ˼ɵĶˣ˶Ը⽻ֵĶԳԸѡɱΪԼĵˣҲԸȥǹƶ
ֻҶû뵽ôһǿߣеٮٮߣ۳ƹӡپԼһ䡢ȣ˿ûС
⣬ǸͰĴͷ
۳Сܣ㶼өСãɵ£֮ΪԼ䣿
ʱƶ˿⣬˿Ŀ⣬Լөӵڵ䣬һѣ۳ƹ潻
ҶĬĬǰһĻ¶Цݣƶа̵ˣеģǱˣҪ䣬ƶ˼̫˼ˣ
Ҫ±£
ƶˣľ쳿ɶĮˣҲô򣬸պþͱľˣֻε̾һ
ƶһ֣Ա߼һٸ֣ʵʵվں󷽣£ȴٺ٣Ҳˣ
һ̾ͱһԣҶжľڣûȥ
ҶĿ⣬ΧһȻ뵽һϿľʵӣΪħδ
˵
ľ쳿ƿԱܿƶȴҶȽҲעлӦϲٲμӾۻᣬ޽֮أҲټӰһЩ¼Ż
ǿɱǿ
һǿҵҶ̲ס˳
ȻǿħĹӣʮ꣬ΪǰѾ̤٣Ȼڳʱ䳤˶ԸἰԸΪһУ
٣
ʣţеţʮ꣬ﵽ٣ǵڵĻƾҲҪѷɫ֡
ҶܵĳܰοΪӦһǿ󣬷ܵ
ҶЩʧֿʵ鹫ӣ
ľЩʧ䣬صʱѾܵĳǱ̬ĴڣȺ鹫ӡ˼ʮ㣬ӲίμκξۻᣬһУеľ֣ѾԼͷмЩ˴򽻵ˣǾ޽֮߶ߵҲ޽֮ߣмĸ֣鹫ӵˣڳħĸ֣ûˣ
ҶȺȻƳһ۶ľ쳣ʮ꣬޳١ֱ漣پͷǻѰ꣬Ŵﵽָ߶ȣеİ꣬Ҳδشﵽ
ţ֪޽֮ʲôɣľ쳴ʱҶȵĿ⣬ѾǰŸ߾ߵĿ⣬Ѿƽӡ
Сӣ
ĬĬȻϢƲ
иˣһֱעľ쳡
Ǳˣ׷Ĺƶ
Ȼһŭ۳ƹӡөľ쳣ֱԶٵƣͷųҶȡ
Ҷȴȼ־Ϊƶ⸱ģΪģҲûдɱֻǡԴˣ
ģСӣһֱӡǿߣûɭɭмסҶȣȻһᣬֻϡ
ǰŭֱӱ
ҶȿɲɵˣʲôԹƶоһֺȻΧЦûаҵɵˣֻǵͬԶľĽĵ˰ˣ
ƶʲôҵѣ˶ֹƶƣͬˣضҶȡ
۳ƹӵһӦǻסҶȣվ
֪ƶһ֣һɰֱ۳ƹӣһƨ£û£Ҳܲˣ
㣡өҲվ
ƶôҵѣҲ˺ľ쳴䣬ө£ƶǸӣ𽥵شȻĮ
΢仯Ա˲ãԹƶ
ƶƣмؿҶȣë˰ģڣҲүǰƤ죿
ƶûɣ
Ҷȷ۳ƹӡөȺһһΪΣͦЩʵ۲̫༱ļƣˣԼˣһԹߵӣƶԻ
ĸ֣
ʲô֣ڶѣ㿴ӣ۳ƹӡľӵıӻԼʲôʵ
֪ӿǣֻҺܺ棬ŴҲܺ棬ڵΪƾʲôڶǿǰôһ޿ֵļ
ΧһһΪģǹƶڣǶܺ棬Ǹڹƶǰͬϰİꡣ
ûϵҶȵһ仰ȼ˹ƶŭ𣺡ˣ
ˣ
ҶȹеĴЦȤضŹƶֿľ쳣Īǡƶҵӵ׷ˣ
ǵȻүүһۣ
¼䣬̸˵޵ġ
ȴˡ밮ʹ˵Ŷľ쳵棬ͷȻںκ۹⣬̹ˡ
һǱľԵתãҾͶ㣡
ҶȺȻľ쳣˵һ񹲷ߵĻӣһôû˵ëëŵ
ɱģ
£ǹƶŭˣΧӣԶԶľ˼ֻǲҵףǸйƶ
⡭ľһɲǣסˣһҲҶΪ˵仰ңҶⲻǹ
СӣҪˣƶĻˣҶǾһķ·𶼱ˡ
ҶȹҪΪ㣬¶ժ
ʲôӣһΪǶժ
ٲȻΪ׷ߣ֮Ĳģƶ˿·磬һҪҶȼϣõľ
ҶһĿ˸⿴һ۶ľ쳣ֿƶժ
¡
ƶһӾͲˣٶȿզࡣ
˶ͻȻľٶŪͷԡ
룬Īˣȥժϵˣ
ڸʲôľ¿ˣҶȾȻǲƶѾҶȵ⡣
ҡҶȺȻЦ
¡
ͻȻͭռ䣬һ
ǡ
˶ʱͼڿռϿգȻһţֱһɴСǳƬ澹Ȼǹ˸һЩǣĿ˸ȻĿ
ӣժҡöӳĿռʴҪǣҪ٣ȡ٣
ֻǳƬ£վһˡ
ǹƶ
˫סǳƬ˵У𽥵ط
ƶӸ£Ҷȣ˵ʵСӣûУ
ʵǿùƶͨӾˣ
Ҷķˣ˾ȻܰĿռ䣬ʴȡһ飬Ҷ̾磬޷ģȻһЦƶҷˣġں׷ӣҾ˳

ʱȻ֮


1321 ɱ
ִڣҲ׷ӣСҲ֪֮Ǹ
ƶҶǾ仰ʮоضֱۣ޴һĻɫסǳƬ˲֮С
۳ƹƺſҶ⡣
өӼΪζҶȣоҶ£ǲƣҶȼ򣺡ֵܣЦ˰ɣ˼ҺôǹƶöپͷȻϷˣ
ΪөӶ֪Ҷľ֮䣬Ȼ˽ϵܲûŮ֮顣
Ҷ˵ڶԶľ쳱ﰮ⣬Ϊһְ취ٸ棬Ϸˣǹƶ
ҶһڶľϣƺҲЩȴû͸¶Ҷȹֵӣѵ˳ϣֻǴЩֵģ˹ЩЩ֮ǲѡ񣡡
һˣԶһͱڴ˺ȥľڲٳĬڷִδʶҶƵģ˭Ҷ£˳󣬴Ƴ档
ֵܣǴĺӣɱֳ
˶۹ƶҶ֮ʡ
ͻȻڹ԰ϷٿȻһۺ񡢴ɱڲȻ
ڳһٶ׷׿ȥ
Ϊ⻹Ƕٵ𣿡
ҶȿУĴڣࡢ룬һһ٣һ٣ԶԶűԴϤ
ˣףʵȽ롢κۡ䶯ЩҪ񼸷֡
Щ˿ǵڵ䣬ĴڣΪϹŶ
ȻǰһеȻЩϹŶòҶĿࡣ
һ仰ˣȴڳ˶
ųּΪߣһݡ˪ʱ꣬һǿߣ߼ˣһǶٸ֣Ϊپָ֡
ɱ
ҶĿϣǾֹˮĿƣ治ţǳһָеĳȣһϹŶ
û˽ܣҲûκӡ󣬵ҶȵһͿ϶ˣͭˣ޽֮أһеٮٮߡ
ɱ
鹫ӡһеľѾվνͷĸ߶ȣǣɵ֮ǣضԽϹŶµĲഫ档
Ҷȷɱһ֮ǰͷǿƣڳһƵ׷ʵɱһ̨ףƶپֶǿߣһʱȻۡ
ˣŻΧȥ
ϢصúɱէȻȺУһǿߡҶҲ۳ƹӡөӡľȺΧ
˽ɱϢӴҶȱȷϴˣ˵ʵɲ⣬ؼ˲֣ôԵǿᣬֻĿɱǿƣŭƶʮһ޷
ɱˣһǿߣȻڹ񣺡λʱˣлλֵܡ𽵹ףӵĺ£λϲ翪ʼ
ȣǣȻаˣҶȶɱһӡǳӴЩаˣǿ̫ˡ
ɱ棬ʮλϣ裬·ƽ̨澹ȻиֵҩټһЩҩȵȣкܶδʳ
Ǿƣ
Ҳ֪ʲôƶɣζֻһ£ȫԶУ֪ȥΪж洦ֱǾ䱦ɱ˲ϧȡá
һٶˣһ̨һˣ裬飬ֱһܡ
û뵽ҵôİ
УΪģҶȣ
ٵһٸ֣ЧҲ󣬵ڡھͲһοڡ
ҶÿһڣԶһ죬֮ҲʼϵγɸʢַһЩɵֱڰװΪ
̫ˣõȵͿɱĶָƣ
Ҷȱ״۵һɵƣһֱ֮УŪپ֮ˣҸطﵽ۷壬״۳֣ٿپһõԴ
ڣɺɱϲ磬㣬һָ
Ǳ㲻Ů϶ƣҶȱһںȥΧЩۼҶû棬ĸ̨֪жǾ֮Ǹнǣѽֽֽ
ҶעЩˣΪ˻ָƣŲ۹⣬ЩҲóõģϲȥҶȿɲСž뷨統ͳͳˡ
㣬㿴ĸ㣡
˰Ͳסȥˡ
ȻҲˣȻԼҶϷһĶľ쳣뼸ֽʱȴԪҶһ
ӣұңҪȱȣҪ˯˯ʲô˵۹⡢ҶںҲˣѰգԳȻұˣ˶ǰ㣬ңƫҪԼ·
ҶƱʹգľ쳣ȫں˿񣺡ͬ಻ͬ
޾Ҳã֮Ҫ֪ƣ̫ˣ
ľȻͬҶִΪˡе̬ȡ
ܵƣ˵УôлǴֻ·һֱȥˣҲ벻׵ļסΪɰʿ
Сӡ
ϲ̨ٸ֣ɱһλòȴ޵Ůӣƣף
ԱߵĹƶȴһֱעľ쳵ľٶƺֿҶľ쳣˽нȲ¾ƣôӵۣٲȻһԷɴ׵ģ
Ϸɱлֺ⵽ƶĿ⣬Ȼ˳ſȥ΢΢һЦֵܣŮ飬ǳֻ˳Ȼǿȥժȡ˳ȻĪ̫⣬һ羰
磬ɲҪ˵뵥ճɾֵܿˣƶһſôҲһ޽֮ص֡
ôͷˣ
ɱתۿ˵һۣͫȪĿ⣬ֶԹƶľԱǸ꣬òҪȥ鷳ڶľУӡԽԽ֪𣿡
ߣֻϡ˼
ϣ
˭֪ɱƶǲмЦĻĪǸ꣬Ҷûп͸ڵķӡ
ƶѺ¶ӵһƾƣɱҲ޷͸һڵ𣿡
ɱһ䣺Ϊڣ޽֮ݺ㿴ľ۳ƹӣδ̫ȥ˵һ㣬ʵȥģ꣬أʵҲǿ󣬾ʵǿҲǸг֮ˣУղ㶷һֻ㿪Цˣҿóľӣûһ˿Ů֮飡
ûŮ֮飿ƶ۾ˣȻûаҶȷУֻںľ֮¡
ɱһЦİ֮ˣᣬˣȥǶˣҸоЩˣѾ̤٣٣޽֮˵еϹŶǸư޽֮أҪ޽֮ߣЩ˽õĹϵ
ȥƶ뿪˾̨
Ǹꡭ
ɱĿ⣬ȴ棬ʱأĿҶϣƺ뿴Ҷȵ


1322 ϹŶþ
޽֮أͭǧ֮һ籩С
ಣ
ʱһ˸
þȻͷϵ֪˶꣬Ƿ·Ƶģһа̾ɵıӷ籩ǿʱն
аϣƯɫ죬·һЩ·һá
ΧգʮλУʵʵú󷽡
һɫɴۣ¶׹ͷ­û۾ûбӣҲûж䣬ֻһͷ­
˫ͫȼѪ档
һȣ
þȻ˵ˣһꡢ˻ƵɤĮȻغһ䣬ʱͷʮٸ֣׷ͣ
ಣ
ǰطһӰ
ٶȲرˣڸѹ£ӰЩ˸ˣʱ¶һգȻɱڣμϲ磬һ޽֮ӳΪٵۡꡣ
󷽼ٸ֣Ȼִۣۻˣ

ٵۼٶӰȻȥһƮ֮񣬵ʯǰصҵıϢѾɱУ˵ʵɱһӵǿߣ
ɱ
ǿնͫȼյŻ棬Ȼֹͣȼգת£ΪѪ飬ΪЦȷһ֣ʣʵȷʸΪЧͣһͬ칬Ϲͥ
ٵ۵ֻɱа֮еҪа̵Ľǲưոݣ
һߣ˾ȻңȻҪаںһͬԸ칬ϹͥʲôʸͬΪΪֻʵδǿ۷壬ԸҲʲô⣬ֻߣһȺа̵ĸ֣̫Ӵ󣬱ҲҪپ£޽֮طһȥҲʸһ
¾ʹǰȥǵᣬ໹мվҪ
ٵӣǰǿߣһӣͷþޣʼܣʮǿߣž⣬ں󷽡
ţ
ͭڲ
ԴȵҶȣѾָ߰˰ˣҪļ죬ҶţҪɱ׺ԺȣָʱȻ䣬һɸӦͻȻоʲôȻһݡ
ôˣ
۳ƹľ쳣ҶϷԶһֱڰעҶȣҪǳʲôһ̣ҶһǶˣоҶȵƣȻңȻȻʧ
ôƬʱ䣬˾֪Ҷһʲô顣
Ƕľ۳ƹӣөӣҶߣ۳ƹӵͳʵֵܣ˺£ɲҪɱֳʲô
磬УӦûϵ
Ҷȷ¾ƱƽˣղͭȻӦʮǿĶǿߣϾҪΧ
˶ʱһǲҶȵĻ꣬ҶȰľ쳣ǶҶȵĳظӦԲնɱǿУ˱˴˿һۣȻ̿Ҷȣʮ٣ҪΧ
Ҷ侲ִ̾һһٵٵǿߣǿߣȻ𡭡ʱǾͻΧ
ǸϽ뿪٣޵еĴڣ˴˵еİ˿ѹƣөӵһӦ˵뷨
ľ쳵ԣУ뿪Щˣ˶ˣǰ뿪ǿЩѲ˸ϵԺЩǰͣ
Ӵ˻ȻҪÿˣһͬѣҲ뿪ǿ޽֮أ޷κˣ۳ƹ޳ɵ
۳ƹӵһ޷ȥʵ
һˣĸĸûбͷ
ǳΪǵĹУܵų⣬޽֮أˣԶ޷㡣
˶Ĭˣ۳ƹͻȻľ쳣Щˣ֪˭ɱĵ̣ǵðϢ
Ӳ
ţ
ľҶͷ
۳ƹ̰ԭأƱϲ̨ΪҪȥףλˡ
ϲ̨мλھƣһᣬ۳ƹɱǰɱȻҸЦУ۳ֵܣ
֣
۳ƹӿЦƺȻһɱῴ۳ƹӲصģҷʲô飬ࡣ
¾˵ɱָȻ侲ı顣
۳ƹôķʽ˵ʱʮٸ֣صΧ֮Уٵľͷ֪ЩˣǷйϵ
£
ɱ˫üһޣд㵡
۳ƹӰȻɱȴŴ۸ӵɫм٣֮УָӦͨڣӦùһ̣ǾͻΧס
٣ǾͷôͻأˣһԵĵӣüٿȻסٵƣͫ
¡
ɱͻȻ˼Ƭ̣վһɱһ㣬𵴳
ৣ
ɱͬ磬ɨ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬˶ŲɵɻĿ⣬¾Ʊ׷׿Ϸ֪ɱΪ˵ɱѵд·
ɱһ׽ⳡϲ硣
â䡢λⳡϲ£λ޷ѣʱһȺ֣ΧǶٵĴڣ
һ٣ʮˣʲô·پؿ˵нٵĸ֣Ȼһٵ٣Ӵʮٸ
ģҲǡ
ɱ֣߲ƣ߲ЩˣɶһٵٵĴڣ֮УٵĴڣͷ٣ҵʵ޷ֶԿһ𣡡
پͷ
֮ڣһƬȻ
ûһˣ˼һ¾㣬ûһˣдһЩɵ뷨Գٵǿ󳡾
ף
ڵָ䣬˶𺳶žʱҶȵĿ⣬ȻǿߣĿƺ͸ǿҪ͸һˣҶͻȻһϣôܡ
Ǹˣٵۡ
Ҷ֮⣬ѸӦʮٸ֣ѾҪΧ֮ǰһϢȻٵϢһ
ôЩһ𣿿Щˣٵģ֪Ϊ
һɻͷͻȻøӸӡ
һվ֣ڿɲӲӲӳȥȻټΧһˣ̫ĿˣЩٸ֣ΪǱûǿߣ
ã˼أɱˡ
Ϊɣ˷׷ױʾ
ã뿪˵Ȼ󡭡ɱʱ֣֮վ
Сǣڲߣˣ
ͻȻһɭɭ˻֮͸ȻڱϸԪħеġþ뱾°ɣ
ʲô
þ
ϸԪǿߣ
ͻأˣȻ˴
һʱ֮䣬ÿ˵ϣд𾪣ŵ⣬ǣһŨҵļɵ벻


1323 
˵ΣҿӴپһõĻᡭ
ڳĸ֣ɱͻȻɱþ𺳡
Ψһˣ
Ҷȣ
ʱĿȻڰپϣĿģǲμɱϲ磬þҲʲô£־ͷɱһȺΪþвͣʵڳĸû֧֡
ԣҶȲĻʲôΣգԼҲκξͷ
УȻֻһͷǶøľԴ
ԴΪǿߣѴǧͼΪҪأɻȱ֮£Ҫ
ߣ
²˳٣ɱ߶һӡѹڳÿ˴ͭڲȻڲռ䣬һһ˶ʱڹǰɱһ֣ͭͷģӰӡ
ͭٿȻʧ޽֮صա
ʬ壬ȴ¶ƯΧͭʿͳͳ۷Ϊˡ
ɱٴ֣ӳȥٻϣ
ٿٿٿ
ֻˣлߡ
ʮٵӰΧԾֳһƵظֶγһϢĶ㣬պð˰С
һ̫죬̫ͻȻû˷Ӧ
ȲҪ֣
Ӱ߳
ߣǿưʮ£ȻȣĿ壬ȫһ˿ϡϢ˰㣬ΪΪڲͬףٵĴڡ
һǰ
ǿߣ
Ӫ֮УվҪеĹƶȻ󾪡
⼸֣øˣһ˿ʿǣ͸ˣȻ֮ӣǣ֪ߵغ٣޷Ĵڡ
ҡ֪˭
һһ꾪˵һǡ𡯣һǡɢ
Ǹ𡯣·ˣ¶һЦݣǺǣȻڵ֪ǵĴڣĴڣһֱ޽֮ظߴʱУ
Ȼ˵ΪϹŶأԱǸߡɢһ̾
վֵԭλǰ
ɱΪеĵһ֣߳·ҲͷĴڣҲһֵλǰǶĴڣһ׷񾳽磬ܣѰٵķΪλ֪һˣ˭ǰʲôǰǵ棬һһ
ҪǣΪһΪþˣ޽֮׶֮أʱɽ޴籩ͷ½磬ưһǵʱΪ˭ܱӻǣ
һЩ֣ʱ¿ˮⲻǱʦ𣿡
ѵ汾ίǣ
ʱһ޴ñͷþޣ棬ǿþͫѪ飬ڲԾš
ԵȫԼ
ɢپͷͻȻٶþ˹ӭǵþϸԪϹͥһʱڣǴţĴڣ
񣡣
ɱƶپ۳ƹӡөӡľ쳣ٵۣԼڳÿˣɫһᣬӭ

Խˡ˵ĴڣǣԲܵԵѹȣʼںŻʩչκһ񣬶ǶٿԿģΪѾ塣
һһʽȶǿٱٸ֣ҲֲһУ統ʱԪаʣֶ£һ㡣
ɵ磬ľ磬Ҳվ۷ľͷ
񡭡þУмʶĴڡ
ڣеľͷ
һá
˵ʵģܰƵ
ãλΪٸ֣ǻߣлԸǡҴδĴڣ
˵ǰٸ֣ҲǵһμǼ𣡡
ô죿û˿ԣȵǣ֣Կپͷܣ˵һİ񣡡
ʱһٶ֣ҡˣ
˿ʼһͬԪʼۣʱǹغѲǿѡӱܵ⣬ΪɱȫҲû˸ҿһ
񡭡
۳ƹͻȻľ쳡ҶȡөӣҵʦѾ̤ٶ꣬޷֮𽥵ر֮ʴᶼãû뵽һ񡭡ʦ˵ܴﵽģеٮٮߣʮٸ֣Ҳܳһ񣡡
өӲ̾ȷ̫ˣ
۳ƹסľ쳣ӣֻүүпܣ
ʱҶҲһľ쳣ǿһֱ֪Ĵڡ
ľҡҡͷҲүүԣҲԶˮȲ˽𣡡
ľӵүүһ޵˵ĴУң̫أ˵޵йϾϹ֮ˣҶĬĬ˼⡣
˿̡
ñϵþƺЩסǶеĿܣʲôˣͻΪʲôˣϵİ񣬶һţǾˣʵǰЩνţб㣬Ǵ𣿡
λ
ͻȻһվ
Ǳˣٵۣ
һ̶֪İĸ֣ʲô顣
ٵ۵νľܣһ٣޽֮Ҳһǿߣھɽ磬Խһţɽ綯ҪǱžͷδԸǰһУӭµδ
һһͣҶȰһףΪʲôٵۣþһԭ
þΪ״ûʲôֱ𣬶ǳɽ綯ʱ£ǲƸһ
ڵţδʲôҸŴ棬ʲô˼֣㣡
һӢҲһٵĸ֣ȥٵߡ
һ
Ҳǣ
ٵ۵һǣͷ·ܶ˶ڵȴôһվΪ˵ܸһĺ£һõӻ£ʲô
һٶˣ˲ȥһ뻹Ҫ࣬Ƕµǿߣȥˣҩɾ뼸ڸ֣ûȥٵǷӪ
ʣģһЩΪѣһˣȫΪ֮
ٵǴӳͷ֮ӳķߣĪǡþҲҪ칬ĴڣҲԣְ񣬲ܸ£ȻҪƵɽ
칬ɽҪʼҡˣ
۵Ҷȣ۳ƹӡөӡľΪһСӪҲɱķ
Ҷȿþֿٵۣ¶ǹϵֻҪǷ칬˵þпܣΪͬˡ
ͷΪˣǳͷƲҶȣδָҶȻˡ
ʱΪξۻͷףɱԴ˵̬ƣþ֮ǰ½ǵѴмңм壬ǣңԡǲǰߣ
þ˸Ѫ˫ͫȻɢԵЦȻɱǣǽɶһ֣ɱϷ߰ɣǣߡǱݲɳӣգɱ˶Ҫ汾ߣߡɱ⣡


1324 鹫
⡭
˲䣬ʣ²һˣɫ
벻һû˿ǰػһƿɱȨĿ
һʱ䣬ÿˣѵĵز
ǰԸ㣡
һٶ˵Ӫһ룬ٵ۶ȥʣµˣ߾Ҫڰ±þʩչƣǳû־վٵ۵ڵǷ
ʮˣգ۹һһȥûһ룬ʣֻʮ˶ѡ
δһֻмһֱɫ䣬ͬʯһ㡣
ɱǵһǹƶپӡԼʵﵽٵ۳ƹӡľ쳡өҶҲһֱδҡ
ǷҩɾҲڶҡԵ
ǰ񣬾ӿʼڣ޷ӦþϢ˲֪ħаˡ
УҶһֱڽþźǣ̫ǿ󣬷ӡֶ̫ȫ޷׽ֲܹʩչ۷ȥӦ
ͷҲ޷ӦΪ
ʱþڻӶ˫ۣ¶ѩס͸ѪĹ˫֣ˣ֪СǣϷȥɣ֣
򣡡
ɢٸ֣һʣʮٸ֣þҡ
پͷճϿա
ɱĿ¶Σ˫ͫĿ⣬ת˵ãپͷ̫̣޷ƣɢȥӳһһ
ߣ
ʮˣһ붼Ƕٸ֣һһڡڣҶôһߣɱһÿƲӥ㣬ٵس˷ȥþƽٶȡ
Ҷ۳ƹӡөӡľγһСһȥҶȻᵱʩչǧͼԴֻԪӵгԽڵٶȣ˾һ
޷ģ򣬺赣
һٸ֣޷սʤġ
οپͷֲö
˸ո˲䣬գ֮䣬ɢͬʱӶ˫ۣͬӥץ㣬ץ·һƬգֻһ㣬գ۱죬ͬĢʮ֣ɲһ򾡡
һȺ֪Сܿǣǵңþ״û˿ȣǻ˫ͫʼȼ
ϲ
ٵΪ׵ӪѾ㹻ˣеٮٮߣԱپͷ
òþٴαʾ
һ±죬þڱ֮ϣճХԸЩм֣칬ǺܰԵ𣿵죬ҪúöԸһЩ칬֣ǿۣ
˭˵֪
棬ѳɶ֣޷Ťת
ЩٵۣͶþǣɱһȺˣپͷƿأһȼ޿־壬þһ˵ŵð
ǣһ޽֮գȻһ㣬ۣȴ԰
ؿǷֻпյգţ
аĿ֮ﶯþǰֵλȻЩС֡ʲôǰʲôͷд𡢶ɢǾôҪƤ
Сپͷɢһŭ֮УƺѰ˵֮ˡ
Ҳŭѵ޲һƣͰ˵֮Ƴһ۶ɢøͨ
ãˣ
֮ˣƽƿնվٵһһٸ֣һֱúɻͻȻ뵽ʲôΪµ£ʼòɫ
˭
֣׷׿ٵۣҲһ档
꣬˵
ߣƾԿռУڱǰŪˣ
ǿ𣬴ɢûа취þֶˣȻһŭȻǿնͫȼյĻУһˡ۹ŻҰɫʯƬա
꣡
Ƭգʱɫ档
ǰ񡭡þϹϹŶʵûȫָ
¡
꣬ںɫУַһЦȻɫͻȻըһ꣬źɫֳ
ɲǣ֣ʱſ־壬귢顭鹫ӣ
þȼյ˫ͫ棬ס鹫ӣ
ɢ㵵ش꣬ɢסһȷ鹫ӣû뵽еٮٮߣȻǡΪ
鹫ӣ
޽֮صͷ޽֮أɳپ춯صĴ£
þΧʮٸ֣ɵҲ׷¶֮ɫ鹫Ӿգй⻷
鹫һ£ȥֻʮ꣬һͷڷǳǳ̣΢΢Ťһֻһүһ˾µɷǡ
ЩˣҲҵ
ͣھ𡢶ɢ˰գ鹫Ӳδþ𡢶ɢȸֱ棬ǸٵΪϰ֣նЩˣ֮ԱǣЦ
ΪЩ֣޽֮أһĴһеšǿߣ鹫ӡɱ޷ֿġ
ڣ鹫Ӿһֳ裡
鹫ӣʲôҽʲô¶
鹫ӣվ˵ۣ
һ꣬Ȼ鹫ӣѾͶþ׳һǿ˶µĹϵɽͷ㣬أ
鹫ӺȻҡҡͷ֡֡ƶ֣ûǿϵΪȴҶþ˵һ֮УЩ˸бȴܼԼ
Ǹ˵꣬Զԣ⡭
þݲɳӣղʮţ˲ѹһ鹫ʲô֣𡢶ɢСʵǺܾˣ֣ԿƷԵ޷ѹˣСӣ

ֻǣһΣþȻûиղǰ㣬״򲻶
ɢͬʱ¶ɫ
þǿն˫ͫѪ飬һ𣺡ôĻǲˣһСӰˣѲɣҪԶ֣ڿЦ𣿡

ɢƺݣþƢɲ£˶ã
ã
˭֪þȻһŭָͻȻŶɢһɨһٵǿߣȻһ㣬˿־塢زţþͷ󣬵Ȼ޴档
һЦЦ˵ʲôЦʲôЦãҪɱˣ˭赲ɱ𣡡
һԵĴоþ͵ѵδ
żȻһΣ޽֮سνͷ𣿡þ߰䳰غߵ
εĶӣЩΪٵĸ֣޽֮ظߴʱգӵеΪһ𣬵ǡʱһЩˣ㣬Ҳòͷ­
£þָ侲ӵаеһʣĪǡҲһ񣿡


1325 𺳵
񡭡
΢þǿ£̾Ϣ²֪ǲһ񣬱ϾѾ꣬δɵ߶ֻ֪꣬Ƕٸ֣
ꣿ㹻ͻ٣ǰ񣬲Щѣǿ࣬ʲô
þȻмһˣԼڵһݺ޵֣ݲ±ǿĴڡ
ΧĶٸ֣δһ£ٵΪ׵İ֣ҲҿһΪþұ鹫ӣͷˡ
鹫ӣ·ҲɵþĸֶƺòӦ䣬þ
ɱƶپҶȵˣȻ£ƿţӰֻо޴Ģ״
ʱþƵĶɢܡǿ
þһ䳰ǣжǿ
ϸԪǿߣϸԪİ񣬳Ϊ꣬޷㣬һ񣬶Ķ֡
ʣʸе̣Ц񷣬ء
Ǹʱڣǿصģţӵ壬δйľͷһͷ­ȫſͷ­ӵоŷͬǿٸ֣һˣӵоǿ߹ͬɽ֮Уս¼в٣һΣǰףͰͬΪǿߣһٸ֣һоնɱˣ
ȥ֪ںδһͻưʵȻԽͬΪİ񣬾㲻ǰһӵоٵ񿹺⣬ҲʸģϾӵ
ɢžηþǰ˵Ĳ
һþڳĸˣ֪Ϥ
һ־ľͷһŭ˭ᱻնɱ
þ֮һɨˣû֪ʲôѪ飬һֱƽģͻȻ֣ߡԶﴫϣ꣬ϣʲôͷߡݺϸԪնɱǿߣֻʶͷԣնɱͷߣʲôһȺӸʯͷΪǽ𵰣ɱ
ǣǣǣɢֻܿͰӦ
þҵҵҲҵѹ㣬Ȼ԰б£ȥӡ
鹫𽥵ĸı䣬οʼĿֱþϣǹϹȥ硭ѾֹŶ˽磡

þȻվ
鹫ӾȻһҲɵ񣬷ЦĸӿӾǷĸ֪Ŀˣɽϻӳƴþ㻹ǻָʵٳɪɣŲţǶЩ˶֣ῴ̫
ڱƱ֣ǰϹǶ֣Цˣѵѵ֪ߵغļһ
þƱƿصĶɢָɣȻڱ֮ϣָͷǿơ
ɢϣʼ鹫ӷȥƣϵɢ鹫ӣΪ񣬸۵ģ
ͬΪٸ֣ҾǼʶʶҵþ㿴ӣ´ӽԺӵţͻŲҼ
鹫Ҫˣ
ٿٿ
𡢶ɢȻչӶۺΪ趯ӣڸ߿ղת
ת֮󣬳Ϊ̾ڸ߿յޣ޽֮صȻ籩ҲɵܵӵӰ졣
ಡ
֮̾󣬷·ոֻ𡢶ɢͬʱ߶ӡѵƬ鹫Ӻ
ٵ
ǸֵĽ棡
ƿգ
ɢֱǻأɱҶȵ˱ѹ򣬿һڣС
鹫ӣȴֳΪһ޽֮ءıʱƵľ
ͻȻ߶һӡֻΧӿײеġڻͷ­ͷ쳤һŰʱͷſһ硣
·Ұޣ޾ԭҰŭ
գ·ֻб塢ײе
𣬿Ʋӵ׳ۣȴ¡һ֮ζ׵ش룬顢͸
ͣ
𡢶ɢͬʱһѪ
֮Ƭռ䣬ȻʱڣȫֹΪһелγһƬ֮ա
찡
һˣһУԵأѹסɢپͷ鹫ӵʵҲ̫ˣʵѾﵽʱһˣӵپͷ
֮£޵еĴڣ
̫ˣ
֣ƺǵһΣ֤鹫ʵ֮У󲿷˶鹫ӴȻ֪鹫ӺǿʮּɵҪԭиǿϵ
ʱ鹫ӱֳѾþͷݣһҲţ𡢶ɢĶ֡
鹫ӡ
Ϊͷ˵棬Ȼܵ˳裬ɢ鹫ӵģˡ
Ӣ۳꣬㣬ӣñɱҡ͸һᣬǿˣᣬ뱾֣Ҫ㣬ߵԶ
þʱڣһͷĸֺ̬˵ҪŹ鹫ӡ
ң֣𡢶ɢٵۣʹŹ֣Զ
ƣ
鹫ӿɲþ潻֣һͷ֮ϣ˲ɱƶپҩɾ۳ƹӡҶȵˣ׷ֳһɫ԰ף¶ϲ𺳡
ΪĿ鹫ͷ̣ǿ鹫ӵ˱仯
֣Һüʱɱʮٸ֣˲鹫ӷȥ
鹫ӰԵʧһĸӵһ㣬ɱʩٷļʱ
·ʮˣûʸȥ鹫ӶԻֱ鹫Ӷȥ˲ɱƶپ˸𣬸ɢȥ
۳硢λӣ鷢̫ͻȻû뵽·ɱþǾڴ˷ֱɣҪ½ȥ
۳ƹӡөӡľ쳻Ҷȣ˷գÿ˱鶼صģҶȿǰգû½㣬ͣʩ
Ժĵ㣡ľ쳶һ۳ƹ΢ЦͱҶȶȥ
ಡ
˲ϢҶȾͳ֮Զ޽֮ա
ǰһ¹ӣڿٷ֮С
ǰپ
ҶʩչԪԴϣʼһֱ󷽣ٰپһֱϷУУδپҪȥĵط
ҶѲ³پӦǻȱ½
ҶȰи٣ԺȻζ֮ǰһУû뵽ȥ۳ƴ磬μɱ뵥ӵϲ磬ײþְڡ鹫ӣû뵽ʵ˱̬ĴţģͷߣӵгԽ˾ű
ڵʱ鹫ӣֻչֳɵͨ۵ֻһͨ־ѡ
ȻԺӿֵ龰Ȼʱаӡҩɾ鹫Ӷ֣ʾʮ𺳡
ڣҶȲ֪ΪһֱΪɵ̸֮ɫľԭ


1326 鹫
ЦþȻĴڣϸԪͳɾͰϹŶ
Ҷһ·βڰپ󣬲û֮ǰǰ㼯Уپǻȱ½ȥĴҶѹȣࡣ
þһö֮ҽڣؼβߣҶȵǣһߡ
þһӲ
ҲӲ˵þϸԪľͷ鹫ϣܿͿǿ󣬴ѡΪС
˵Ĵ֮Ԫԭ
һṦ򣬾Ҫȱ½ҵҸطﵽ۷塭
ҪԴӵ߽棬ҶȿǰգپѲӰһȭͷСڻɫʺӰ֡ȱ½
ˡ
ڴҶȣٶȸոշͻȻԺ֮Уһ龻֣Զس֣һ±ʧˡ
ҶٴУȻͣ¡
ϣźƣķڶĻɫգƺѰʲô
ͻȻһһҶٴζݡʧɫ𣺡СӣģȻҵĴڣ

˸ٵζɲܣҶֶۡ־ͷ⣬δڰпӹ
ڣȻһˣ֪һ·ãңǻ龻֣޷ִ˵Ĵڡ
һںҶȺȻоϤֻգ۹˫ۣһƬȻӳ鴤£ŵĿΧ³ĸ֣鹫ӣ
֪ң
Ȼһµ鹫ӣҶǰԼһԶУشһЦݣֳ
Ҷоϣȴһɻʵ֪鹫ȸ֣һ·β£Ϊ£
鹫䲻Ҷȣ֮ǰҸɱڵʱգһɺϤϢͷųȻ˼أǱӸӦһ˿˿Ǹˡ㣬ڴɢƿʱϢͷŸ࣡
²֪˵ʲôҶٴܵػһ̲뵽һ鹫ӸӦڣ໨ŴϢ
ǣҪһ׳ģɶ֪ɲ鹫ΪС
װ
鹫ӰȻҡҡͷ㵱ڵ͵ȡµʱôû⸱ֱšװɵ㶵ӣ
ܳϡ
ҶȻһԩһͷˮģˣʲô͵ȡʲôط

֪鹫ȴҶȣЦһţŰҶȣСֶĵӣҶȣ㻹װǲҪӣԭ

Ҷһװɵǲˣû뵽鹫ӻĵϸֶ֪ǻװȥ˵Ҫ֣˵ǼˣȥֶҶ鷳
Ҫ֪ˣþְ񣬶ӵĿһ
ಣ
Ҷ̴߶ֳһۣòҲݣݿ鹫ӣҾǵ꣬жȡ໨Ŵ֮ˣֻµʱΪ֮ľٶûô࣬빫£
ӣҶ࿴㼸ۣһڶ
ƺ鹫Ҳ뵽ڵһ̣ƿһУѹаҩɾҶξΡ
СֶΣȻڵ־ֻΪ˹עһĶѨѣҲһȥģ˭뵽ξ񡭡ϧԻһ˳ȥ
²ף鹫ʵȻףҲ޷ȥıʵٴοҶȣСӿ֪Ϊҿһһȥҹʱڳÿˣаӵҩɾֶ죬ҵξ񡭡
Ȼ㶼ҵֶ죬ΪβңȡǷ
һУ񣬶Ҷ˵кܶ಻ĵطպÿŪ
㣬Ҳҵ㣬֣㾹Ȼաںеһ˿ںϵģץȥ
Ȼأ
ȻֺǸʦ㣬һıķ

һҶȰԾû뵽֮󣬱󻹷ôδ֪飬򾲣룬ûκҵĴʦ㣬Ȼ֣ǰɣ
֪鹫죬¶һԳˣǴʦ㣬ұΪֻڡڣڵʵأʵȻﵽ٣ʱδ٣Ƕ٣ΪҲһ֮䣬ھɽ磬ܵѹȣò£
δң϶֮һʲôҶţֻһԻ󣬵ʱξ鹫ӷսжô춯أӺ棬Ϊκ鹫δ

ͻȻ鹫ӵϣ¶һصЦݣҴӦξһ㣬ʵҹĿ࿴ɸ㷢ʲô
˼ǣ
Ҫ
Ŷ
ˣҶӦӦó鹫鷳Ҫ໨Ŵ۵ƤƺǵжԹϵ
ǣУ߹Сұ㣡鹫ͻȻָͷ¶ʮڴЦݡ
ã
ҶˬӦˣΪ֪ʱξ鹫ӣʲô鷢
Ǿˣ
鹫ӵƣֻһЩû𡢶ɢʱʮ֮һƣٿȻһȻγһӰʱҶȡ
ʵﵽһ١޷򣡡
ҶһƳң鹫̫С
Ӱ̫죬ҪҶʱӰڵƣҶڵ㣬ײһҶˣռ䣬һͬײ˳ȥ
Ŷ
ӰȻʧ¶㵵鹫ӣҶȣҶΧӿ⣺Ŀռͨڣֵܵסһٵ
룡ҶЩңһٵûд󰭣ڲѾʼɢãԴ߶
һУжٵ٣ʸ֪ˣ

鹫ӹٴ̤һ
һ֮ǰһ֮ǰһ̤ԼӰһУʲôûС
ʧˣ
ٴγ֣գ۹򶼲ָץҶȵü֮ǰüģֻа߲ľ롣
ƣ־£Ҷֻб鹫Ʒˡ
ǣҶȴ߶˴ǧͼ
ಣ
鹫ָץҶüģֻǣȴһӰ鹫¶˲ӵеľɫת֮ʣͿҶȴֳ
ѹҶȴݲȵ˵

鹫ǸһЦ֪ΪζЦҶȣξʱֶǰ֣ҷͷеɣ㲻֪Ҫ֪ξҸڵ㣬ֶ첢򵥣ֻгΪٸ֣ϸ񣬳Ϊֶĵӣңֵֶۣ׷桢Ծǰ
Ѿˣ
ԭֶ۳֣սһС
ξ˼ܼ򵥣Ҷȣֶ۵ǿֵֶģҪһϸֶӡ
ԭʦһֱ½磬ʱڿҡȻҲڿĪԼÿһӣ
ס


1327 ״
Сܱξӻ֤㣬˼޷ô
鹫Ҷ˼д¼ǰʱ鹫ȴȻԵãֶתȥʧһ̣ڿռֳӰ
鹫ӣ
̫ǿˣ
Ӵ鹫ӣԶһӦ𡢶ɢƣҪ𺳡
һ棬Ҷȷ鹫ƺֶŲһϵƾǿߣôξ񱣳˲һĹϵ鹫Ը˿԰Ըֶѹ棿
ֻҪǵˣôһǿҲð¡
û뵽ջҶȿ鹫ʧգȻתȱ½ȥ
ȱ½״ϢаپϢҶȸӦ֮Уʱ˵ҪҵӵоԴǿߣһʱ䡣
Ѱһʷ֮Уþ󣬴߶Դںϣʼ޽֮΢
޽֮ȻŸ޷ԤϵȻΪռ䣬ȻҲֻΪûȥ֡Щˡ
ǡҶӵоԴʣһǿԪԶ˵޽֮ȻûȻڶͨԴȴ̺һЩΪءµԴֻҶΪֻ̫һ֣ǰȻԼԦ󲿷ľͷ
״ۣ³࡭ӵһʱ㻹ӵһ
֮УҶͷžԴʣȻճˣ޷աӦĲͳͳ򣬿ʼȼգʼЩ΢ͳͳתΪ̫һ
׼һУҶȱ䣬ͨԴͳͳͨӿ䡣
̳֮ϣһһӴ󣬳Ϣʬ壬ҶȵǰƯ֡
ǵ״ۣԪţҶξֶѹҶе
һٵʬ壬һȲ϶ٽӴ
뽭Ҷȶ޷һ˶ɣȻǿ󣬵ֻܵһ뽭УҶȻþ޴ͻڣӵгԽںڣһ֮
һʲôã
ռ䣬Ҷȵ磬ǿʵʱ߶޼˻ףһɺڰףԪʼӿĿͻȻһ衣
ಣ
һɹɺɫȼյ׹⣬Ȼʬ֮ϣʱֶһ̡ӵķӡ⣬ȼպڰ׹£ϱ͵ظʴһٵķȻɫȼ׹⡣
ڰ׾
ΪҶɹ޽塢Ӳ֮ԹԵ󣬺ڰĴ
Լһʱڰ׾ɢȥʴһûʣҲδܵʲô𻵣ⶼҶȲԦͨ
ǣ
һҶȻ޷ȫںϣѾﵽܳܵ۷壬ɱϲϻָֻҪ֮һģˡ
ˣ
ǻδһɫ꣬ƽϢʣԱ߿ռ䣬ںĵū
ৣ
գ֮䣬ʮҲһԦԶǾǾ޴սΪԿռ䣬ܣһͷսƣǲҪЩƣ޼᲻ݵ
Ǹߴޱȣʮ֮޴һһɽ壬ͻأطգо·
Ҷ̴߶˫󱳣ʼ𽥻ΪѪˮΪһѪѪԽԽ󣬶ѪѾʧʣ¹ҲҶȴ飬ںС
ٿ
һҶָ֮һҶſһȻ˫һ֣ץӡֶΪһѪӰʱū뷽顢ʥÿˡ
ǵõԴ뿪ҶȥһȻһɲʵںԴ֮ǰҶֿ˿ܾԭ˿ԸԪӣԪɣԶҲǿڰпӡ
ಣ
ӡ֮˲ϢڱըϢҶ̿ʼһϤϢӭϯȫ
Ҵ𽥻ԴӶԴУȡһϢһԪ񣬿δﵽΪ֮ǰӦӵϢڣһ٣࣬һҪЩϢָˣ
ںϡһҶȣͬȼա
ˡڡ״ۡɱ¼ҶѾɽ綯ʵѾпʼӣһ籩𣬲֪жٽšԪţһһǿ֮֡
ҶҲҪǰ׼ɲһˣӵиĸӵֵܣӵˣһѣһǿҲȥչ˵ÿˣҶľ֧ĵû
ʱ˿̣աŽ֮УһɹĽԵڲͬʼڽǴڣ֮Ҳÿǿߣְֺ޵
ӵжϢǿߣлᣬ̤
ӵжϢʱʱ̶̿ҪѹϢٸ֣ϢǵĴ
ɽ֮ٸ˵Ѿﵽ޷ѹƵĵزһͷţҪɹȻ䣬ǲѹƵ֮ͻῪʼڱߣȼͻư񣬾ͻ𽥵ȥѹƶ֮ԶΪٸ֡
һ񣬿ɲÿһپͷԴģͬӮʡԪаʡƾ鹫ӡɱЩͷ֮У̤ģһ붼ųЩˣӵгֶΣһ̤
ӣ
뵱ҶƶٵӣҪӶУȡ֮֮󣬳ԼںϵһЩģҪʼӣУ׶ˡ
һҶںϵò࣬Ѿﵽ۷壺ϧ̫֮΢ֻһ̬ûжҪõĶʬ壬ȡ
ţ
һУδȥãֻȥһ¡
һ£ʿָ֮ʧȥ
ҶѹȻ߶˲뿪ռ䣬ȱ½һ֮С
ѾſһжΪȻƾವһ£ʧˡ
գۣҶȾͳȱ½Χ·һӰӴ½ڣɳҶһֱڵȴ֮һ״ۡ
˵ֻ֡Ҫɱ䣬ұ㲻پΪУƹֱӿλҪɱˣʵȻ޴Ķ˵ǿ߿ӣ
ֻнԸˡ
״۷ȱ½ٶȣǺܾˣֻϢˣҶȻ󣬲˼⣬취ԸˣΪﵽ۷һ֮䣬ͷ̫޼˻Ҷȵǿնɱ
ҶȱϢĪʱʱ̿ǱڰڶһֱûжǬҶ֪ˣԲưոݣŹؼ칬
ͷϢȻ칬֡
ǰԣŻ̬ȡ
һҲɣ칬ʵʱ


1328 
ʶֶ۵ǿ󣬻гͷǣҪ칬ңǶҶȵĿӣҶһδζ޷ӦҲ˵ǿߣվҶǰҲ
ֶۿʱʱ֪̿ҶȵټڵҶͦѹؾ֤ʵһ㣬һͷϢ칬İ񣬻ǿߣȻҲӦټ
ԣҶ׼ӵжٵҲܰϢͷų
Ҫ״ۣɳȱ½Ҷ߶ǧͼСǧȥͭƻҴ
ಣ
һεǹ֮⣬̴ҶӿվͲˣ
Ҷȼ״۷ɳȱ½ٶԽԽ죬ʮ֮Ҷתͭƻǳֳ֮
ã
һǿߣҶеĵ̣һ㲻ʹõ̫ľɾһһ£֮Ҷǵʱ򣬵ȻǲǿֻҶȲҲԼĵ̡
ͭƻֳҶȣ㹧ͷ
㿴ٸ֣Ϊ״ۣһٸ֣ǰ½պƣʵҲŪ󶯾ˣ°ɣҶҲָ״ۣͭƻ˵Լ˼
û⣬ȻʵһУǿģͶ٣֮𣬶ҵص㣬
ͭƻụ̂ͣҶ˼֮󣬶ʱһ״۷򣬲ңϵ״۽ӽ
Ϊֹ⣬ҶȻҪڰ׼״ʲô߻ԮǾͿˡ

״۲ϼӿٶȣӿ޽֮գƺҪȥһطϢͬЫƵģʱ֡
ȱ½Զȥ״ƺҪȥߴӿµʱա
ڴʱ
һֻͭ㣬ӵӡĴ֣ٿ䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣ״Ϸһȭ¡
ţ
״ƺԤеʲôʱ̧ͷӡǿ̣һƬˢף߶ȫһӵϣƳľģӭȥ
ǣӡֵ֮һȭ״۷֮ϣ¡һ״۷ͬ߹Ƶģ鿪ϡﻩǡ
ڷˣ״۾ȻһƷɽͱ˵һ̣Ҫɱ֮ˣһͬص
һϣҲԣ
ӡΪһƷɽһ״ٴһɫ԰ɫѾ޷һ¡
ಣ
ӡƲס֩ס״ۣͭƻǰһ߳״ۣ㲻мҡҡͷ
ȻҪƷһ٣ҲһУǾĲ࣡
״һ̣е½ľͷģ٣è㡢˭кδ֮
ͭƻһ֮ԱǣЦЦ״ۣҲǶٸ֣ɵ磬ݺ᲻֪꣬ѵãҶ㶯֣ͷҪжԹɣʿķ򣬲໥ɱȡ𣿡
㡭
״²һ԰ףǳûɫƺûϵҲЩֵ֮ߣһ³
ֻأ
Ȼȥʥɳǵ£Ҫ㴦ţʱһˣϢʹͭƻ߳
ţǡǡ
źͻأ߳ȫ״֮УΪ֮ˣ֮ˣȻʱʱ̶̿ɱֶĵӣҶȡ
͵õԴ뿪ɽ磬Ҳ³
ǣ
ͭƻ򶨵صͷȻҶ֣һǳ֮⣬գ৵һ£ʧȥ
δꡭ
Ҷһ£ϢޣĪ䶢״ۣΪٴڣûһ죬ҵϰɣ
ڣû֣״۾һģƺ֪³侲
ⷬ侲ȴҶȰЦ˵ɱˣͻᣬϿʼɱʵһϰ߹̣״ۣɱ̫࣬һµ°ɣ
ô˵ӵж٣ʲôδף˶һ죬ֻһ죬˰ˣ³Ҳģ
һ᣿ᣬҲ״ۣҲ㣬һôµ£ֻ˵ɱˣѪɱˣػѪҡ԰Ϊܣļ䣬ԪĽ𵤣ԴһеһУң
ħҶھǶħɱˣѪ˵һȴµ״ۣһˡ
ȷ£һʱһҲ¡
״۸ԸǣȴԸ⣬űõһУɱԼˣȫõ
飬־ĸԴ
״һۣʱҲڣҶǰڲκμӣ㣡㾿ҪʲôֲǸĪ˵ˣöԸΪ˵Цû뵽˵ģ޷Ը
Ҷȵ˵ĺܶԣǰŴδ֣֪֮ĺ̨Ǵ𣬴Ӧû̫Ԫ֮ǰӽʱڣĪܱأȻҲĪĲ
𡭡״۳ˣʱڣǾǴ񻰡˵еĴڣôʵģ
ҶȺȻ֣˲䣬״۴ǧͼ֮ڣƯͬ޽֮һ㣬ȴƽ֮УҶȿ״ۣ˵˵Ī㣬кı
ıֻҺһͬԸ㣬۵ʱˣģȻңԸ㣬ӦһãǸԲѣ˵޷Ը㣬ֻк֡ţˣ֪֣
ϣûкҩߣҲһܶԸҰɣ˵һ㣬˺ҲᱻΪѾѹֶ죬ֻ㣬Ըң
㾿ʲô״ۣδֶаϸ𣬸δʶ
Ҳתת״ۣңûжĹϵΪԴ˿ʼ棬ңҲ㣬ΪԴֻ֪ѾԴ˭λνĴ˭
ԴԭΪֶ
״ڲһңʮִƻҶȣҵϣҪĶ
״ۣǿЦ԰ǰ˵벻˵ֻʱ⣬˵ˣҽԼʱ䣬ԿǲΪܣ˵ֻĨɱ㣬ʱ뾫Ԫˣ˼򵥣ûҶȲȻһŭͷ;ơ
㡭
úãҷˣǲΪܣɱҲԣ֪λ𣿼򵥣ڳΪˮʲô˵ģλΪߡٵĴڣپϹͥߣϹͥ޽֮֮гưԣ
˵ѣ״۵һͬͲӵƶϡﻩͳͳʲô˳
ߣ
ٸ֣һٸ֣
ݲ˵
ٷ·һħ䣬ϵӿ֣Ҷƾս֣Ȼ֪ٵǿ󣬵ǳͷ·֣ƾĽ޷Ԥϡ
ߣҶʵҲڣ˵٣һ٣ûаٷְٰնɱһٲ࣬ʮô٣һٵĲֱ࣬һ


1329 
Ҳ£
ҶĬ֮ʣ״۶һ仯ЦԴ⣬ҿ˰ɣپòΪ£жٰ֣Ҳپͷְɣ
߻ЩҶɫȻ״ۣΪ֮ǰ仰˿Ӱ졣
Ϊֻ֪ǳϹͥǹ֮ͥˣûʸ֪ΪҪѰҾԴ
״ͫһЦ⣬ƺҶ֪ʲô˼Ҳ֪ΪҪռԴ
ʲô취Ҳö㣬֮󣬽ӽߣ
Ц⣡
ҶȻó״Ǹ飬³ҵɪҶɱˣüѪҲöԷľս
Ȼ״һңͬûҶȼ䣬Ҳ֪Ҷֶ̫࣬ҶȱƼˣпܶԼ
״ĺߵһˮ̣ȻǲģΪһѹʵ취Уַٸ֣ȻΪϱ㲻ǣôֻȥѰӻΪһ£ȼü֮ǳΪϿͣ磬ֶΣȥﶼܻӭ
Ҷһ󿪴أҪѹס״ۣ˵һʵڻ״ۣҲɱ㣬Ҳ㣬ӴԺȴֻңɷԸ⣿һԸ⣬ʹȥӽߣɣӵеľԴұõ
һѡ𣿡״̹ȻܣΪҶЧʵ
ಣ
Ҷһһָüġ
ವһ£ҶȾʹ״뿪ǧͼ״һƣҲʧȥ
״ۡǶߣԸһͷβ߹û뵽ջǡ
״ûɵԳһ漴Ҷȣֱȥߣ
Ҷ䲻ӦȻʱɲ࣬ҪõԴҪԸĪԸɱȶԸѶˣ
ҪСģΪΪʾҺ˵׼Ը㣬˵֯һŴ꣡
Ҳ뿪ֶ졭߰ɣҶȿûʲôɫ仯ģȴ״һ仰첨
׼
ĪΧһˣΰżƻƿأצӣĪֶڲ
״۷ǰ·Ҷ޽֮ϿգطȥҶȸлܵĪĲš
Ī׷ݸ֮ǰҶȸо󱳣һһֱڰѰһᣬһ
ĪֶӣҪֶ죬˵̫ˣ뵽㣬ҶȻȻΪĪпܣߣҲֶ֣ԸҲֶ죬Ҳеĵӡ
֮ҶȽֶ죬ֱһ壬ʱʱֲ̿òĵˡ
ˣ޷ĵˣһĪһǸӵħͬԴصӣȻֶȻҲҶȵǿС
Ϊִϣֶ죬кܴĳɳռ䣬ǸصӣһĪҲĪս
⻹ҶȵһΣоֶڣһΣУΣУǾǿУǾңֶڴһ
һ꣬״۴Ҷ޽֮ʱգӮڵĸ߶ȣ΢΢һء
޽֮ǸΪֵĿռ䣬߶ȲͬռͲͬƯʣֱҲͬ
ǰȻһתĻУһƬƣͻأƯڸֹ졢ķ籩֮С
ǾߵĵڣֻЩˣ֪ڣ
״˿Ϊһ٣üҡ˿Լ¼磬һ㱡ɼ޽֮ظ߲ռ䣬жôĿ¡
ҶüȥͷǿӦ
㾪㵵һ̾ȻôĻϵһϵļƷ
״ۻȻѣףҶһڣӦȴԽ֪һû뵽ǼƷߴһʱ䣬ûʲôΪԾʲôһ֪
ϹͥȻϹŵ
ǰм֣ڰأߣ֮ҲᷢҴڣ
ȻЩϸıòıϢ˵ΪĽ߶
Ȼ𣿡
״۰п죬վ˵ۣԵĿǿߣȻ
ҡҡͷ޷ʩӲͷƤҶԶǰǻзȥڼ䣬ҶְʩչʼӦߵһС
ռ·Ӱɫڷ裬䣬񶳽ıͷų֮Ҷ˱ȻΪһ¯ҶǰǱģ޾磬Ưѡ
Ȼһֺɫĺ«
Ƭл棬߸Ӧ£һ޴壬һֺɫ«ӰȻһֹɻȻ󱻺«ƿߣʩչһռ󷨶ѡ
«
Ȼ䣬Ҷ뵽һˣķǡȻƷҲŲǱǰϹź«Բ̫󣬶«Ӧʱֻǡ«ƺߣΪһ壬Ϊı
ԽӦȥҶȾԽϹ֮ˣһֶ֮ˡ
һپͷһƷںϣԪôͷʵȻǿɡ
ϢӦˣ
ҪʱҶڸӦһϢȻǾߡ
ಣ
˿̣ӻķɳٸ֣סˡ
״ۣ֣Ȼߵʿڶ״ۣ֪ԭˡ
״۱ȭλֵܣֵûٻ˴УòͶߣΪЧͣ
һˣɭȻͬˣվ״ҶǰһƳ㲻پߵĺܽôʲôУ޷ӻ㣿
پδңҲð鷳״Ρ
ӵ״ۣأ֪ģҲŬΪ߰£Ҿǣһʱ䣬ͷȥǾȥɣɲʲô˶ȥȥĿջ
лֵһ棬м
״۴ҶʩִһӡֻлһŻ˼Ż֮С
̤Żգ۾Ͳ޽֮صĻߣҲϹлĿ£һž󷨿ռ磬ʮƯУ⣬֮
״ۣѲǿˣֻȥӦȥĵط
˸ոУȻһۺʹһŻ泤۵ˣӿֳ
֣֪ģ
״˱ȭ
֪ͺãҪ£һŵʦϢ֪Ա֮ˣĮ˵꣬Ԧһȼյƣߴвˡ
Ϊ棬߼֮һǶΪߺ״۾ʹҶȳΧһ𹬵ȥ֮ǰ˱
һֱɫҶȣȻʵΪʵ
Ϊ棬ƿͣ𿼺֮ˣûʸ£˵㣬ʲô飬´ҪߣǵõԴȽӽˣ


1330 ʹ
棡
ҶƳ߿ʱգǿˣȡԴһҪʼԸĿꡣ
״۾ʹҶȷΧһ֮С
빬Żʮ֣Ȼ߱ӻҶ״۵ûʲô󶯾޽֮ݺᣬҼֶ֮ˡ
ҶϢ֮ʱֿʼͷǿӦ֮УΧӦ׶ˡ
ʶǶɢƯʶУÿһʮ£Χ϶࣬ڲ̾Ƕǿߣмֻһˡ
Щ֮ˣ̾ڶ֮УΪǶе۷ڣһٸ֣Ҷ˲üΪֶΣٸΪ
ҲһپͷĪʵҲʮ죬ͬȾͷ
ͷŸӦȻֹһٸ֣ҶȾ͵øСģ͸Լ־Ⱥֻ󷨿ռƯʣϿգҶ˲Ϣ͸Ӧ뼸ٸ֣֮һ޵Ϣǹ΢΢ش
ߡ
λʵصͨһһ֤ߴռ֮̾ˣˣߣһϹͥľͷ
߲ʺ«
ҶȿɲֱӸӦߣΧ󷨣ȻͷϿ֮УȻһһ߳ȭͷС߲ʺ«
߲ʺ«ʵ壬ֻߣ֧ıԴڣҶҲó߲ʺ«ںϵıؿƿϹĺ«Ȼһ壬Ҳ˵߲ʺ«Ӱ
ϸϸһ߲ʺ«ɫҪԽɫΪıĽ𲭣ƺܹɽϵƴӶɣۼرɫ·Χһת
ӰʱҶȲŻ̾ɵ̫ȻҲУһЩϵڲ𣬶߲ʺ«ƿصĺ«ƺ«ڡòȻ޷ȼٷ֮һɵ磬ƵСľ
ĻҲϹŵĺ«壬߲ʺ«Ҫһأܸо«ֺ׵ݣ߲ܰʺ«ãȥˮ
޷ٸӦȥΪĪ⣬پͷӮֻҪ£ΪϹšϹͥһֱҺ̤֮ء塢³һһУ֪ϹͥǺĴڣ
ԴϢǺ΢ΧδںδںϹԴǴ˻ҪռôԴĪЩԴװǱ߲ʺ«֮УҵõԴϣã࡭ҪǣŪߣõԴĿʲôŪһУźмı뵽취Ըߣ
һ˼⣬ͬˮ飬뵽̫࣬ҶȻΪ棬ȡԴǻ᲻ܣҪӮʡԪаʿ⣬ûпܣԪаӮ׾ͰΧֶۣûдǧͼĻҶֻбƿصˡ
ǿ٣پͷ֮
״۴ˣ˼ͦУץסص㡭棬ȻߵĵӣôԸпܣһܴϣ˽ߵõԴĿģҲҪΪУֻΪԴˣһپͷɵӶȥɣ
˼ȻֹסһҾİϮҶ˫棬ھһлǴ֡
֣û뵽һл棬پΪ˲ΪЧͣҲò
ıȵֵܣѳΪߵ͡ɷˣ
Ҷȶ״뼸̸֣ЦĶԻһƳֶЩƽȻͬĸ֣״ۣΧ⼸˶ܹΪǣͨ߿飬Ϊ͡
Ȼһȡ
ˣ
ҶȻĬһԣʵʵһСûȥעڴʱҶȸӦ֮ȻӦʲôҶȻӿ
ԭһٷߵûʲôֵģȵȡԭˣߵٷ
һٷգ׽ߵҶ˲Ȼ߹ϵеĴڣʸڰٷ໥ϵ
һ仯ҶҲ֪᲻ʲôջͷʶԦ󷨸߿ӡ
֮ʶٴοڵʱΧҶȾȥ޷̫ռӡͷͨҶȾ޷ʲôԾͷ
ңҶȻ߶Դһͬӽռ䡣
ҶһǸ뵨ߵȻͷžԴӵоԴŸͷžԴߵľԴϢʱΧ΢ţǾԴںߣȻֱ𲻳ԴϢģӵеġ
߸Ӧ뵽ˣͷžԴⲻͶ׽ǡ
ߣ
Ϲ֮ˣҶֻӴϼ𣬻Ǭ𣬲һ˵ֻϸԪϹ֮ͥˣǬ̫ԶǴ̫á
ϼͷҶȶδ棬ǽӴ־ʶţϼǣȻԴӸߴҶȣֻҶȵΪ̫ͣ޷ǵնѡ
ʱڶ֮Уһ߲ϼ֮ϵߣ
߳ˮ޷ԶһϵƵۣް߰ףҸмƣģȥʮ£ۣһ߲֮⣬Ȼһץһٷǰ
꣡
˲Ϣٷͱˣ
ٿ
һӰֻһ޵ĻӰò˲ߣƺҲһͷ
ؽӰغһѣ
ãռһЩԴ㿴ʲôʱ͸ȥ㣡ߴһݿ𾴣˵ͷ
ҪЩʱɣɽðǿߣķʼңѰҾԴ֮£ǾصģغϹͥδҲ֪ɽЩߣɶ񣬴ϹͥҲҪллǣǯ칬ҲðǶ෴
Ǿ͵ȴٴٷ
û⣬¼ãΪͥ²ĥĹֻͣǵģҪߣ칬ѰҾԴ
ҲѾǹ֮ͥκλˮһ˳еǣԴ䱦ҾͲȥӵ𣿡
ţͺãҾͲϢǣ
ͣ
ֻһԻؽˣ߹ֵӰͬٷһ㣬ɲǼʧ
ಣ
ͬʱҶҲ߶ͨӦڵĶռΧʧ
ղؽӰôһʶζ
ʶع鱾ҶۣȻڹһţ״Ǽ֣ȻһԾۼҶü˼·뵽ʲôĿĺȻһˣħż֮Уλ뱧ӣһ֣ͬϹͥصġꡯһ


1331 ᲻úײ
꣬ϹͥʹߣҶȲǿ
ħ档
֡
ǰҲʹ߽֡
ʱҶȲǿ󣬻Ӧڣӵһޱȴԣɢȥٷ֮еĽˣͨԵĳӦҶȴٷ΢ϢУҶҲӦ˿˿ԡ
ȻٷˣϹͥĽʹߣֻǣ֪εĽʹߣϴֵʹߣǲͬһˡ
֣
ҶԺ֮Уһʺţͨʹ̸߽֮УҶȻȡ̫ϢߣƺϹ֮ͥˣʹһϹͥŽϵһڽʲô֮£߾Ϊ˾ԴĪǲŹƣ뿪ϹͥȻԸ壬ռԴ
ܣ̫пܣ
ҶȲãԤϣӦò̫
Դɽ޿ɵرνɵȥƿصıڴ󲿷˶ԴǸ߲ʵĴڣֻߣ뼫پͷţƿһ
Ȼ뿪ϹͥռԴ¾ϹͥеĻܣ궼ˣ֪
ȡ֮ʹ߾ʹϹͥڱƲңϹͥɳȡ֮Ծ֪֮Ҫ𡢻ħǿֻнʹ߳棬ſԾԵõ
ɴϴ¼ǶϹͥԵĴ£ôʹߣԲ֡
ɴ˿ɼռԴϹͥеĴ£ңֱɽʹڰв߻һС
룬ҵõԴļƻҪ΢΢䶯һߣҶ޷⣬οһ潻Ľʹߣ
ֻһҶȡԴ۳ɲɹϹͥӣһҳҲ޷ȥҲãǰڵ壬ǰͳͳϹ֣֮ͥϹͥδر칬õȥӣʵн£
ǷǶ㲻Ҳ㣬ԴϹͥģһ֪Ѷˣ֪ǹͥҪģһʲô
ԴҶȶᶨˣܳɹҲҪһԣ
ҶһᣬϹͥǺߵзһֱͬ칬Ǹ߸ϣֻƿرˣû˸ҵǣҶȾͲа칬ҷϹͥкξ塣
ӣɣɣˮһյˣңǽʹߣߣҲûаնԸ
ֳ˼һҶȰΧޣߵĵֻһ˴ڡ
Դڱصá
һ÷ӣһٵõԴһٳɹ
ֻֻһΣеڶΣˣǴ
ϵ˼⣬ҶȼоУԼԻȥҳħնһͬǴʱߵҪ뿪ô׵ģ̫ƵȻ߻ɡ
ңҶҲðգߵʩչǧͼϹŵǿߣнʹߣһжΪʵҶȣǧܳһ˿ӣյͷԼһ취
ԣ̰
Ժǧ̫̰ᣬû뵽ȥһʺƣȴûֵܣǰپĺˣ
Ҷȳ˼֮ʣȻһԲԶ֣״ĵʮֳ죬ƺ˶֪״½磬֮һ״ȻʵشЩȥ
Ǽ֣̾
ˣ˵һҲǶҲʥˣĸṵ֮̂ġ
ʹƺʲô²ס޷պ߲ðõľԴһҵʱ㲻࣬һž޴ľԴߵǰס𣿡
ٿ䣬ҶüչͫЦ⣬񴺷磬ɹ籩꣬߳硣
뵽һ취һкܴգҲн׶λرİ취
ҾҪߣ׳һַ㣬ʳѰķ⣬Ȳȥʱʱ̿õֻһݾԴǰģһһںϣУһݣ²ǰѵˣСǧڲݾԴóһ֣һӴľԴߣؾ
ҶӣһңƿǬްģ᲻úײǣҪһΣܽһѹϹͥĵλȾԭ칬λҪˣһ֪Ϲͥе̣ĹȥѹЩܣҾҪҸᣬ뿪ȻҸȻ֮أ壬ȴԶţ
ԴҶҪΪߣһԶҲ޷ѵĴ
һҪЩ϶ܣֻôһˣ˵Ĵںϣƾ濹⣬߾ȻƾǿҲԾܾлѹ
˻У׼øӳ㡭ˣޣΣԵˣ϶һֱǵĺζɣ
ʧҶڻǾħնٴ֣ٸ֣ȻҪʹޣֶΣֶԸߡ
¾Ҷȱ㰵״۹ͨ״۱ʵΪλѣȻʲôӣԳΪߵ͡
˵Ǻܿд𰸣ԭλʦֵܣõһƺУ˭ܵõͨ濼飬Ϊıӻ
ϧҪ̫ϡ٣һֱû˵õҶ״ȥ棬˵һԣ״۲֪ҶΪȥһ޷ҵֻӲͷƤȥ档
ã״۾ͳɹʣҶҲ֪ͲȥΪѰԴΪɣҶ״뿪󷨵
㲻õԴҪûпҵҲҲͻزȥˣҲ޷õԴ
뿪ҶȾ𽥷޽֮صʹʱգ״оþ޷ƽϢʣ˳
ʱ䣬ȥΪȥʲôֽɫһмʲôеı޷ģ
Ҷصػش𼸾䣬Ū״۸ͷԣһ㣬ǾҶȵıȷ
뿪ַ֮һʱ䣬ȷ˸٣Ҷϴ߶ԴԪ״ۿٷ޽֮أɽ磬ֱϻķȥ
֮
֪Σֵܣʲôж
ϻģ뵶
Ѳڱ䣬ɵľ޴磬ָ֮ǰ뵶ڣֶһƬµĳǳء
Ӱһɽۣ֮ɳԫա춯ԼԵڵľǿߡ
֣ͱնħ
˷ɳڣħаЦϴȻдԣһͬ
ڵڲƽʱԳһʱ䣡նǶƵİۣȥصĴڡ
ħߵһЩ̷ӣΰϴ֮ٻְһмϹŶ̾һϽҲҪ
ǡ
նЦ
ϴˣ
ڣ˾Ҫ뿪ڵʱǵϷӰ


1332 ô

շҡ
Ҷȴ״ۣһҲȻѼնħ𣬱̱һЦ
ϴ󣡡
ֵܣ
ħն죬ּҶȣһһ˷ܡζãоɹһ㡣
գڼ档
ǡ
ۣ״ȻһȥˣһۣĿնϣѽ⣺ڣķΣôǸ꣬һ٣ôǵڵ
ڣµ඼֪
ΪһٵĴڣһɣ״һ۾Ϳնǵڵֱʲôپ桢ǿ̫࣬һ֮ǵڵ䣬һ٣Ҳֱӡ
ѹһ٣
Ҷȡն졢ħһᣬ׼뿪ϻģȥ޽֮أħת״ۣʱΪмȴȻһϴˣֱɡʵˬ죡
ˡ
ɺãһն죬״۴ھþ֮УĺȻħǿټħײƣӣ͸
ٲ⿴ҶȣҶ˵ĲҪɱҶ˵ڷơ
£Уһߣһ̣ڳױ
ˣΪ״ۣΪãȥ޽֮أٸǣҪ£
ã
Ҷȿɲóħɱһٸ֣ע⵽״˼仯Ȼһ֣ͷųһǿǳ֮⣬Ȼˣʧ
ಣ
޽֮عУǳֳ֮
նƣҶȥͨѼֲ֣ϡƽ״۾ͲͬˣδˣȻƬ̼䣬ʹӾɽ޽֮أǺεȵٶȡ
ǳգҶն졢ħڲϽ
ʱ֮նͻȻҡҡͷһɫߣٸ֣ϹͥʵȻɲ⣬ֵܣǲòֻܷһˣ˵ǸԹͥĽʹߣǰڣͬͷһĴڣжܶḶ֮
ȷͷ
նĽ飬ҶȾ̫еԸƾ˭Ҳδ뵽һж˼ҰƤ·ǽʹߣҲʵǣ
ħЦôдǧͼ˴߶ôǧͼҲκβǣ
֣Ͼǰδ񽻹֣֪ǵͨն쵱ѳһ䡣
硭û뵽ڱ֮Ĵ磬˼˵˼ǣ
˼仰˵ڣҶһԾ۲죬Ȼ֣նˣˣȻѡӲ񷣬ĳɳˡ
ն֣˼Īƥ
ȻһԻħһм
ҶȺˣĪ뿪֮﷢ʲô
նҶȣֵܣ㲻֪ǰʱ䣬ǰҵڣһʱ䣬û뵽ִܼڣɴǰݺɽ硭ֵܣҵ˼öǰڰжǣǽʹûн٣ԼԸߣʹˡöǰȥӦ
ǰҲˣҶȺ⡣
ɴߵ֮ˣʵǿĪ⣬߾ҪǿϴʱҶȿóڶʮּɵԴҲʮ
ҶȾһİ취ħ𣺡ƣǰΪΣ
ħͻȻʼ磬ƺҲЩⶫδﵽ׿ڸ˵ģ˼ֱ칬֣ͻư񣡡
ǰȻϾٸ֣ʵʹߣЩɣҶһ˾һأɲһˣΣ֮С
ֵܣɴشˣǰҲΪǰҵЩȵĴڣǾĵ죬շҪ֣˭֪ǰŭˣҲ֪ǰĸԣû֣ǰһƣȳڣʱڳһλ棬̾ǰʵȻֻ٣ʵûв࣡
Ŷ
ϴǶ϶ȷǿҲͬңҴԣ˵̣ੲݣؼһҶô
Ҷһ̾ħҲһƣڶϣԹƿ
ħʲôˣ
üɵ
ҶȰԾڿǰУһ˿ͬȾŸͷǿ鹫ҲһΪȴþ桭ǰ˵δɹ٣ҲֻǶٸ֣ȴӵѪʵɽ磬ЩˣϹŶܶԿ񡭡
٣ÿʿѨҪһֱڶ٣Ҫô¸ҿȥﵽ񣬶еľͷÿ񣬾ӵа
ɽ磬˵ڶ٣ѾȼĴڡ
ֲֹһˣӵԽʵȷ٣ӵгԽٵİ̫ˣ
ȥҶģͬն顣
ħһ󣬲ſ򶫻ٷ
֮Ϸ޽֮ظ߿գѰһصط壬ߡ
֮޽֮вգѰһдƯʣγɵһƬ޴籩ʿռ䡣
̫ʣûб籩ɣȻ쳣ŷ籩ת񱻾趯ȭͷСʣ˲䴩͸һǿһʣһ٣ҪϿ
Ҷȴ߶Դ˷У籩룬ʸܼ˿ʼִ߶һٸ֣߶
ৣ
׿ʼڷ籩֮С
״վҶ󣬿ˣֱվһȻʩչͬһͬһַﵽ󷨣Ըκζٸ֣⡣
ڣȻӵһٵʲôˣǸħϢħͷҲڣȴӵһ۷֮еڵһΪʵҲƽ١ˣôһһ̬
ڴߴĿĵ£״һֱסԺл涼Ҷʩչĳ
ޣǽ󷨵ˣ㶼ԳԵ
̣ҪҶȼͷֳޡ
أ
һֻˣʱ俴ƺƣΪҶȾڲͬĻҪʱ䣬һͻָ̰ģ
磬״۸ȥˣ
֮ʣʣһ֣ҶȰоԴѹȻնħȥᣬһ仰ϴ״۷ˡ
ȥ˼ʱ䣬Ҷʱ䣬ǸûߵɢԴϢ
Ƭ̡
ҶȾ״۳ȼյĻռǰ
ǻˣ
˸ո̤ǰʿӿֳȥ·
״۲ΨΨŵŵף˺ܲˬҪΪ״ʱ״һ仰Ū𺳲ѡ
״ɫȻ׵ЩȻûҵҪĶȴҪϢ߶ҪϢ
ʲô
ʿҪѯʾʲôʱ
ͻȻʹż֣л߳Ա߼ˣǻÿɹ֣ͣһֺİģ


1333 ͨͨ޶
԰ӿգ״ҶȣɫԼʧܶ飬жôں
״۹֣Ѱ֮ʱ֪һƬʱգȻоԴ
Ŷͬ¹⴩͸ѹȶ
״΢΢ǵҲȷ٣֪֮ѰҾԴŲܷŹκοԣһоԴҡҲ㽫
Ϊʦ⣬ǷʵҲһϯ֮أ
ɭɫɢȥתһִƣϷ
ˣ
״ҶȣƯһԵȴ״⡣
ҶȰƳһۣƱػȥȷ٣ȻŻ͸ǵűǣ
ৣ

ӻڲӿֳһŻʮٸ֣һһڲɳڵջϣЩЩѳΪͣеģڵȴᣬٻض濴֮ˡ
һ٣Ƕ٣ΪͬʵԲ棬Զ
ʱҶ״۷ǰʮٸ֣󣬲Ϸ֮С
ңԶķ籩
ӰƯڷ֮У·һƬʷռ䣬һаݶϴˣǸû̽ٵģܺãڣǲô߶󷨣Ҳǳƿ
Աһˣ侲Ǿɣֵܸԣܲɱ˶ٸ֣ѹΪãٸ֡ɱ˿ϧ׳ʵ
ʲôãһһɣǰʱǧͭƻ˲ţһ٣Ƿ
ˣ
ӰͻȻֳǳħն죬˿ǰͫ𽥳һЩڵ㣬ٴգۣڵͳΪӰ

籩紦Ʒ֮ʣھתʮӰܹһʣ𽥿롣
Ҷ״۷ǰʱ潻ѾĿ⣬ȫͶǷʵ
ûʲôϢƺһȻγɵʱգ
ʱʮ˲ͣʱǰ
渺ֶĿȶǿңƺķʱʧһϴ˷С
˼ȫɱˣϴ˼࣬ǲɱһʵĸ֣ŷԸߣ
ħն죬˷󷨷֮УչЦգȻ߶ӡɽ֮С
籩룬ʱڲʣƯţеѾ໥ںϣѹһ𣬶֮󣬵ʶͻγ½ȱ½һƯ½
ʱ˿̣Ҷȡ״۵ʮˣСŪκζһƬƬʶӴʱգʼѰҾԴÿ˶ʮ־ΪһõԴǽ޽֮أõһپͷıӻ
ǱΪʵõĻ
ҶȰԵȴţʱʱ̿ն졢ƱָӦ빵ͨʱôһäĿѰйȥ
Ũҵ⣡
Ѱ죬Ҳһֱȴûʲôջ
˾þԴܴʱͻȻһ⣬һʮɴ֮У΢ͷŶƺ棬ʲô
ǿߣ̶ȥ¶𺳡ϲɫ׷׿棺ǾԴ
̰Ƿ֮е⣺ţҰΧȥƬ籩ʱգӦûޣͨû˽Ѱ̫Ȼ̺þԴİװߣĺõԴʦȻǵԼˣ
ৣ
ʮ̷ңҶ״ٶ΢΢Ϊֻһ㡣
ĺܺã֣ȥ֮ںúһԷں󷽣Ҷȡ״ۼûԶû֮ǰǷĮɱͬһ˰С
˱ƨ

˶ΪԴ֮ʱͻأһǿߵĲҽ֮ˣս
Ӱޣޣ
̫ˣһڣֻһڣͰƼֵܣһȥӰ
ݲȥֻ̽ȫ˶ۻرӣһһ־벻緲˼˹Ƶġ
סȿǺεޣ
ңһ̤ǿˣֹߣȻ侲ǿҲһܸıʲô
ٿ
һϸ΢ӰӣͻȻɹһǿߡ

ǿ̷ĲҽУ̿ȥǸǿ߾Ȼ˱һòޣĺɫסֱʷȥ
һˣȻͱһˡ
ֲþԴѰʱգȴһֱûб˶ߣԭԭôµޣվԴ
һĻڳˣɲ׹
ٿ
ոһǿߣűߣӰ˸һΣǶһ֣Ǵٸ֣Ҷ״ۣԱ߷ɹһɿȻٸ֣ʱա
޵ٶ¡쵽˼㡣
ʮˣھʣˡ
ˣˣ
ɲɵӣ޵ǿѾвҲûаգѹ֮УõԴֻǱѡߡ
˵תȥڲһֱصʹࡢĲҽС
ЩˣЩʦõӰˣû˾ûˣʵҪԸޣҲûо԰գȥʦ𣬿ݾԴʮֲͬʦԳնɱޣȡԴ
ɹ˲ЩˣҲʱ⿴Ѹٴˣɳ˷籩硣
ӳ֮˶꣬û뵽ôٸ֣޸У겻ѡ
ٿ
浱һͷųȥ
һԣҶȿɲˣڲ֮Уж棬ơնӦ׼ãһЦ̫ˣųߵ㣬֪ͨˣһȫ߶󷨣֮ˣ䣡
ϴ󣬲ˣ޾ȻĸڣֻԵˣѾƷתۣħɭɭҶԺ
ҶȶҪƷҪǶԸߣ˶ԸߣЩǿղ󣬶Щְ߾ǲҲѷɣ
ٺ٣õģ
ħڷˡ
ҶȣʱˣһϢķǰ֣ǽУ߾Դ
ˣ
㹦ͻȻһĪ
ʦ𣡣
վҲžη֮ģվҶ״ΨΨŵŵվһԣֱСϺס
ۿҪ
״۴ǷݲƳҶȣǵߵǾͲҪȥ꼰أٸ֣ʵͬ죬󣬿ܲȫˣ
ҶȲδ˶֪״̰ǲڲҪ£ʧˡ
Цģǲõ󷨣Ȼ˵ԼˣҪ߽ģȻԼֶȡԴҶֻ֣ҪʱȥȡԴг֣䲻⣬ѹٸֱˣ


1334 ս

漯о񣬿ǰٸ֣Ҳ׷ȥ
Ҷȡ״ԭز
˿̣һɻ֮⣬ǿ޵ش͸ǹգѹȶ·ռڼѹһۣ·γһ«״ƣֳ
ʦ𣡡
ߣ
滹ٸ֣һ̶žηƺ֮⣬޷µġ
ϹϢŨҵϢ̫ľҪŨ뱧һϹͥĴ
ҶҲɫţǲһԵ״ۣں£ſ־壬ǲһǿߣҪΪˣ²ĸˣЩ
ӵɽ罻ᣬʼӴϹͥҶȾͷϹͥУ꣬ԸоϹͥڤڤ֮Уȡŵ֪֮кıơ
һʧˡܵһӰ졣
һԼϢ˸ӦҪǶԷԼв֮ģҶȥηԷϢϵ׷٣Ȼ˶ͨûоԡ
ҶȽӴϹ֣ͥҲ㲻٣ȴδ߽ͥ磬ءأ֮ʲô磬ʲôĸ֣ҶȴӲ
ȻѹߣôҶȶڹͥдδ˽һ棬֪ɣ˵֪Ĺȥ
ţ
ͰСׯߵͷ֮ƿն
Ҷ֮ȥһߣѾƯϿա
Ų԰׳ʮ˳һۣ֮ϣӡһ߲ʺ«ССУκƷ«йϵһͷüëҲɫ
ӣκƣȥֻһչѮĳߡ
湪ӭǰһԶʦѾȷ棬һܴľԴ
ߴüĿ˫ñ֪Ϊжۺһ۾Ƴ籩ռ䣬Ƭ̼䣬£Ŀ⣺ȷһǿҵľԴϢ봦޴ڣֻδӦͷټ
ޡ
Աٸ֣ͨˣйʵģǳ־壬ɫ
ˣǼˣˣң޾òˣ
治ɫҲ˼Ƭ̣ٴο籩ռ䣺޽֮һ޴Ưռ䣬޷ģڡӱ˵壬޴ǣеޣ츳ͨر£죬һͷԽһޣӵ츳ޣ
ǡǲ֣鷳һˣԱһٸ֣˵
ǽȥɣ
ֱ籩棬ƺУһûκˡκʣ赲Ĳ
ߣ
еģͳͳʧ֣Ҷ״ۣˣߺ󷽣ٴν֮С
ϴ󣬾ɣȷǿ󣬿ͨΪѾﵽһԲزˡǳ£
ʱûҶ״СආҶҲʼҪ׼ַߣ㰵ն졢ħϵݶ
Ҷǰݵ߱Ӱһ̾ԹͥȻӮǿߣᲢ۵ģڹͥвԴӦ÷ǳǿ󣬵һǱ߶Уϴ߶ֹ֮ͨУ
ն𣬳ǿдҲܰһ֮УƾԲסҲҪСģֻҪûʹ֣߳Ƕ߿⣬֣ҲжǰڣֻҪһģ뾡취Ը߱ǣ
Ѿɹλã
Ŀ⣬ҶȾͷ֣ٴν籩ʱգˣѹ󷨵ʱա
СģԴǰ
ʱߵͳƽ¶
ǣ
˲Ҵ⣬ʶ޵߶ҲɵѾ߶ǿ˷ǰٶȣҲʱԤ޵Ϯ
ٿ
ͻȻһ籩УԾһӰӡ
һٸ֣Ӱӣһٴαÿ־塢̿棺ǡޣ
ʦڣʲôʦڲ׽޵ټֲǳ֣浱ǳһ
ٿ
䣬ڵ£Ӱӣһ¡
ȻһͷޣԴϷģκޣϷҪնɱĺȻֱֻϻ֮ϵɫ«Ȼ˸һƣγһĺ«
ͷǾͷû뵽һۣҲ̺ķҶȰжһһն졢ƹͬ
Դ
ߴ˿վƺ«֮Уκη籩ߣǰڳǿϴʣ֮Ȼϲɫ̤һ
䣡
ǰһԲʯƺʲôںĴ򣬻ײһ£һڵ߱
ôޣ츳ͨӵкܸߵʶֲҲվԴް֪ϷǿԲŲҳ⣬Ϊ赲ϷŲ
뿪һɱ֣ΪУֻ·һ
ͷųϢһץһɻֱײǿżʯն¡
꣡
·ҪڻһС
ŽһķƣֱӴʯϷնȥ·Ϩ˵ȴ͸ʯ·ٴκһʢȼա
ʯȻ˲롣
Ҫ֪ЩʯֻʯǱһЩ򣬶Ҫ̫ࡣ
ȻӴ󣬵ɸγɣܵȻѹƣ̵Ĳ֣Ư֮䡣
Щ籩еʯеƬȻ޽֮ط籩ʱʱ̷̿ʴ£δΪ֤Щʯļ̡
Ȼټ̣ǵֲһС
䣡
չǿδеޡ
ʮʯں䣬ںĴϮһſʯֱȻѾԽܿĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ˿ԵУվ۷ʥǰ
ȻҪϷ򲻻
߶ˣ
ٴλһץһ󡢸򵥵Ļץģһֱʯ񡢿ϣżʯ˲ײٵʯ˲Ӷ
꣡꣡
Ȼ̫ǿˣٵ
ʯûһſŵ飬ֱӿ粽ԴڵʣΧʯ
ʵǿѣҶȿĶЩľ֣Ըƾʹôһ㣬Ըƾ֮ϴδѹƾ
һ٣ԽҶȡն졢ˡ
ٿ
߽ʯǾԴͻȻǰСӣôСȻſ죬ֱһֱһɴʯ
ʯơ޽֮صֱߺȥʯĵطΧκʡ籩𿪡ɢ
¿ɲ֮ǰǸУٴУһɴʯӲټ޵ѾвС
ٺ٣޹ʽ޷󣬳ʯ³Ŀֲߵˣ
ҶЦˣ
ȻôϢڳɳУֻʱʱ̿Ҷȵ̫һͻأӵ˻


1335 ѹٸ

ǲһŭ
һϹͥӵһ˾ηׯƵľͷȻƿڴһ
ͣ
еĻٴӴһҲһƣžȻ޽֮һʯصնȥ
ͣ
̫ˣȻ³ʯֲܺܿǱ߸ǿһ顣
䣡
˵ƣռ䣬ڲ
ޣãһѻ޷Թ˲Ͼ޷ߣҶ֮С
սսҲֲܿߣ̫Ҳ޷ԸҶ뵽һ㣬޼ߡ
Ҷȡն졢ħκһˣܲסߣֻû߶޷κεޡ
ͨߣ
ɱڣֳֻһ̤룬һ籩Ħ޴ķˣȻ޽֮أʩչ˵ٶȣһһԶ˲ǰȻһն
ٿ
ˣ޿ɲǾôͨٶյ޾Ҷȵߣ޷
ޣһСβͣ㲻Ӱӡ
꣡
˸գôӵۣһٸ֣Ȼ޸Ϸˣˡ
ಣ
󷽣޳ˣٴγ֣Ͳһʯһһŵʯڵ
߼ɫһǵһٴС
֮ǰԸһʯʮֲףھȻʯһŽһѾԽĳ̶ȡ
һͷޣϴСޣ̵֮࣬ٱʣ
ڲˣҲδ濹ʯȻѡ˱ܿȻܿʯһȺʯ򵥡
ʦ𡭡
ս棬ٸ֣һգδ⣬ǰ̫ǿ󣬻ǹޣ̫ˣ
߷ˣҲ޷֮ǰ
Ҷ¶˵ЦݣǴ߶ǧͼһ״վһȻŴǧͼգˣ磬ƣ߶󷨣
ӡ
նյ
ޱߣ޽򷨹һ
ͬʱӶ˫֣һӡ
ٿ
·Ƿ籩룬ʮ룬룬Ȼһ㣬Ӹ߿·¿ӿգۣںһγһĿռ䡣
ף
ʯȺеߣͻȻķһƬ磬ޡնɫ籩硣
ʲôΪһپͷɲǾˡ
ããô󷨣˸󷨣
ٸ֣ҲӿӦ׷׿ķģֻ޷͸㣬֪жô
𺳡Ҳڶҡʧ̾󷨣ôܣ֮ǰﲢδ֣ʦ𡭡ʦ𲻿û֣
ߵʦҲ޷󡭡
󷽣Ҷ״ۣҶ΢΢һƱŵôʵǱŴǧͼںϡ
ߣǽӽʱڣĴڣǽӽĴڣȻһĴڣ䲻ʣѾԽٵʣǿЦˣ
ҶһЦȻ״ۣһж׼ãȲҪ֣ȶԸСģԸǿģ
ð취״ѾҶȵͨˡ
ȻҶȸıϢƲ궯棺֣취ǿɲ㿴߿ӦޣҲ޷ѹޣͻȻǳ֣ǿɲ߰
Դʦص֮Ȼ߳ġ
״۵ĵ뺦£Ȼһ
ٸ֣໥һۣ׷׶ʩ񣺡֣˵ĺܶԣֻ߿ݺᣬﲻæ治֪кαʣ뿪ȴ߿飬ǰﲻæҲܰװŵ
Ǵ˵
治ɵӣʱʮ侲ĬƬ̣Ȼͬ⼸Ȼһһͷٸת׼󷨽硣


֣벻һĻˡ
ոתͻȻҶ״ۣٿȻ֣ҶĿ棬״ٸ֡
˳䲻⣬ָ޷Ӧ£һƣǺ󱳡
Сǧ
˺һ̣һǳ֮⣬ʹҶ״Χӿ֣˲Χס֡
ǡҡ
涯ŭˣҶʵ̫͵ϮĴҲǺܾˣԣҪնɱҶȣֻҪһУͿ˺ҶȵС
ûתδҶȣǳ֮۹âգۣɱ˳תͬҰ޵Ҷ״ۣ
𣿡
Ҫ֮ʡ
Ҷ֪ٵĿ£뽭뽻֣ĮȻһЦǳ֮⣬㱣״ۣȻ䣬һա
ûг֣Ҳû׷ɱȥ֣ŷĻɫǿ磬޽֮źܲͬĵط
̫ˣ
˶ʱĿģʲôطǺεȵٶȣ
ҶƯԶǿգӸ£ˣ˼棬ҵķ磬ѡѾ˲ҵƿ֮УڣҪǳҶԸߣ
ϣô˾춯صķϢܰ޷š
ҶȻӶұۣΪǴǧͼ磡
ǧͼ
ɽ紫УһĿռ
֣Ȳסˣ˵еĿռǾȻˡ
ˣ
ʱһ꣬ûб顢Ҷǰ
תѹΪãҶֱ
ǣ
ת˲Ϣתطˡ
飿Ƕٸ֣ͬɵ볬ۣһ۾ʹתϢ
˻عҪɱһѪ·˵
ûʸ񣡡
תٿȻǰֻһƣ㴫¡Ϊתһƣֲ˷˲÷顣
ͣ
ˣһ

תǿ飬ڴǧͼڲӶ˫֣һɹɴ󶦰ΪӡǼסˡ
ܺã
Ҷ״ۣϢתԱߣ棺Ҳһ֣һ˲ţҲɱ㣬һҪһ䣬Ƿҳǵδѡɣҵʱ䡭ˣ
Եѹٸ֣Ҷ֣һɾ˵
ǳ
Աʵһ㣬ͭƻ֣ʱŵãҶȹ£ǸȻ޴档
ǡû뵽֣ǰԵԣȻֲҶһ仰
ֻѣ֣棬һ֮ǰЦҲûˡ
ͻȻͷֳƣ
ž
ոն֮ʣĲӣһԹ⻷ֱӴ͸
ͣ
⻷ʧ沱ӴӿѪڱ䡣


1336 ĥ
桭
ٸ֣ͻȻɱҪնɱǣƻʱҶ֡
ңԥĳԹ⻷
ֻһͰնɱˡ
ٸ֣һԵ״ۣĶЩʵ
ŴιΪҶȣΪҶ޷ԸǶ֣ʼ£֪ûʸҶȿ⡣
棬ߵĵӣ״Щǰһֱ߸ϣͬһ㡣
ڣȴΪʬ壬ʬ塣
˵ҵʱ䲻࣬㻹˷ҵʱ䣿һٵӴͻڣҲߣ
ҶֻӶ֣һգ۱ʬġ
Ԫӡӣ
Ҳµʱ䣬Ҷһ˫֣ͷֲӡ֮Ȼջ֡
Զ֣ΪҪˣͬ棬Ϊʬ壬ɷ֣ǻš
ֻԪ񣬶һ޵ķӡ
Ҷɨֿ֣״ۣǻ죬ܰˣɣˣӴ˿ʼúΪЧҲǣӲνȥڣһͬԸߣͷɣ
ǣ״ٸ֣Ҷȡ
ಣ
գۣ˾Ѳǿ磬֮ĸ߿գնħ಻ϵرһơ
ֵܣˣҲҪ߶֣ս޷ʵǿޣˣ޷˳󷨣
նƣͬʱҶȣ߶ٸ֡
£ǶԸִ߰һЩ
Ҳɣ
ħͻȻſһ磬һٸ֣ͬƤڸ߿չֱӹҶȡ
ٸּˣ󾪣ǡ
Ԫӣ
Ҷȴ߶򣬰ջӶ˫֣žžһͷ­һƣԪӴԪӴ˱Ҷơ
£һٸ֣٣һٸ֣Ҳһͨٸ֡
һս
Ҷȵһ裬ˣ޵ףˣ֮УУͷԼɣˣˣҪ£
ǣ
Ѿûκ뷨Ҷһһն졢Ҷ֮룬Ϸ
ն챣һƣüҶȵֵܣǷýȥ֮УѾԴȡأðգԴ̫Ҫˣ
ʱˣܲסߣԴȡ
Ҷȵͷóն죬ʩչƴմ߶ͨ˲֮С
ޣҪᡭ
󷨣ʱգҶȾͷ֮ǰƯĴʯʧƬƯ
Ҷ޴һ
ٿ
ܼĳ֮УɵذСβͣҶߣߺȻɱѾˣһ̣ͻȻҶȡ
һİ꣬ߣ
ߣ˼ľԴ޷ߡΪҵģ
ҶЦЦ˿ɵߣʱһе⣬һץȥ
ȡԴߣûҶȣΪҶȱòǸ״һͨꡣ
ߴһȣɷ˵һҶȡ
һƣҶϣҶȣҲҪҶȴһƤΪʵֲ̫ˣʯ翳һ򵥣ôͲ˵ˡ
䣡
˳Ҷȡ
һֱӾſһʯ

³ʯжֲ˽⣬òͣ¶Ҷȹʯ
һſʯϣߡ
һٸ֣ǿĴڣÿ£û뵽죬Ե޵ǿ֮¡
ѪһĻˡ
ǰֻܿҶȣǷУȡһ޴ľԴȻС
СӡҪʬΣﶼȥˡȻߣߺָܿ侲ƺδʩչȫ
ǣҶҪ߾ԴͱƵòʩչ

ӿ˵ƣΧʣһһ𿪣ӿһģһΣǶҶȳ֣ҶڵĿռ䡣
Ǵߣһնɱң󣿳룡ǧͼüͷһ壬Ҷȿ֪Ϲͥ
Ȼ
ʩչʽѾһ˫ҶڵһѹϽ޵ϯȥ
㡭Сһͬɣ
޵ĴһһӰӣ˫ֱӻѹȥѹ֮ռ䡣
޽
󷨡
նƣɲᣬ棬ҶȣһͬӡǿӳƬ֮С
ݡݡ
ҶڵĿռ䣬޵Ŀռ䣬ͻȻ䣬޵ĽʼΪʵʽȻݺᡢͬʱصĽ
¡
ʡʯֱ÷飬һֱӻΪ˳ҶޣҲбնɱ
ǿ̫ǿˣãﵽͶͷŵĵز
֮⡣
ǳ֣֮Ҷȵ֣ն졢γǶ֮ƣٿһ£Ҳ»صҶȼͷ
·ڲͣػζЩڲȫߵĽ

նƣͬʱ˿ɫЩ԰ףɼ֮ס߶󷨵Ĺжôѡ
ߵǿˡ
һȺ˰
ʱ˿̣籩ʱյϷҶսֻʮĸ߿գһߣһֱƯ
ĳ΢΢ﶯֶ·
ɴۣɱ칬Ĵڣ
Ҷȡն졢ħˣΪ
ǸʱЩˣڣȻˣȴһԽһ񣬲ϵð
̾ϢƣҪ߶̫ˣߣǸ̳硯ţȻǿ󣡡
µȷ˲Ϣ䡭ߣ˴еʣȻƿأҪˣ
עš
һ
·
Ҷȡն졢ħһͬʩչӡ߶һӡʽһһġ
ںΪһӳ·󷨣ңδʼߴٸֵ
·㣬ȻúʵϷ͸ߣڻĽУͬʱϷ
һ룬˵Ŀ⣬ԡ
Цһڣһһ٣һΪ߸ͨĶٸ֣ΪͿԶԸϷ𣿡
նЦߣȻ֪ǿǻĥСЩνëͷСӣǰãǿֶͬΣԸͬһٸ֣
𣿡
ٴοķֿҶȡն졢ħ𣬺ȻĿͬƣ֮ϣüͷٿȻһ䣺ѵѵǣ
޷󼰵Ĵڣƥ򣡡ħǰţν
߲δŭɫٿȻ̣ƥСΪ֪ߵĴڣ˾Ͳֻ֪Ǻܺ桭Сӣôͬʱӵд


1337 Ϲͥ
һϯҶȡն졢Уκˣϳꡣ
ն·ߣȻӵде⣿Դߣƺ֪˿Ҳ𾪣
ħͫɣ°ָͣǣ֪ƺԴߣҲʮ˽⣬Ҫ֪ǻƾʱҲ֪ʩչĴе䡢ϹŶδȻ֪һ˽⣡
ϸһ룬ʹߵУʹϴֳħĵΪľǶȡ֮
Ȼħӵд֮ܣͷ˽⣬пܣʹʱһУ²ˡ
նħ𼸷ҲòҶȶݣ˼ȥѵʱħ¼Ϲͥһߣͬ硣
ôһжˡ
ã
ҶǳüնȻ˵ĪֵܵģʱʹϹͥδɹõ֤֮𸴻Ȼװ׷ߣӵдⲻţйϵԪδֹߣˣȻ޷Ʋϵ
ص㣡Ҷȵͷʮն죬ֵģܷԭ򣬲֮
Ƽն첲Ŀħ·üЦⱾ޷飬ΪǰװӵдͲҴŲðɣϴ󣬻Ǿ仰ˮڣϹͥǸ򣬵߼ţ
նһЦ⵹ǸʵֻҪپͷüɵپͷӮֵڣܿ԰ɣն˶꣬û£
СǡңߵΪӵУ
ĵͶȫӴʱơ
·֮У߲Ȼһȣ˶ʱɢڲʣٴαҡΣ飬Ǵƺ
ˣ˵

Ǵ
˲ϢҶȡն졢ͬʱ𶯣գ۱ʧˡ
δܵӰ죬ֻŴ𶯼
ɫ৵ᣬ׷׿ߣն侲Уһݾ⣺ǿߡϹͥһپͷ˸оȻƾӮʣҵһЩ棬ҪǿءҲ޷͸ʵ
޽֣ƺҲδʩչȫħһ䡣
ҶĿͻȻȼյ⣬ն졢ͬʱԽһӲ̣ϴζԸƾǧơͭƻ״۵ߴǿߣԸƾʱȣһռݸƣڼ䣬Ǹʵ־һ֣
ͻȻߣмƥ֪Ǿ͵ø㡭ﵱϹͥүүᣬ⸱ϵļƣ
ٴΰףܺãǱֻǣ
նٿȻһΪǿ
ͣ
˫ͬʱһڲָڲϱ仯û֪ٲ㷨ӡһɻɫʣ޽֮ʱףȻ֮У׹ںϣΪһ޵վͳȥ
׹޵һ֮ںҶŶٸֵͨһУ
Ǵǲ˲ţ˾ϧҹͥӣ
ɫһȻǾҶˡ
ˣֻϰˣ
Ϊ̾ʲô󷨡ϷһȻҶͷͬΪһ¯پͷҲӵԸ񶼲⡣
âƽ
ԪķϹͥͷչˡ
ߴһһ磬һﾹȻɳһ߲ʺ«ֻ۾ô
߲ʺ«ûдԸҶˡ
˲Ϣ̯ƣ߲ʺ«ڣ֮Ӻ«ڲȻһɴ۵ϹɻҲӵ߲ʺ«߲⣬ֻ˲١
߲Ϲɻһģ߲ʺ«ֱ˽ȥ
һжڵʯ֮䷢
ͻȻץס߲Ϲɻ𣬾ȻٿһɻУһ棬ǶŲűʯɽ
âƽ
Ϲ֮ͥУǡͥڲڶϹУķ֮һâ߲ķ꣬Ϊδżذ񣬷ѡâ߲ΪٴУâƽһԽΪɽ
籩ʷʱ֮ϡ
·һУٻ߲ʺ«âƽƽĿУҲâ߲ϸԪУĺ«֮һǴһ𣬻һͨ«٣ɵ磬磬ֻôһâ߲
ն
֮У
ֳâƽϷѾ׹޵һԾ趯ӳâƽ
ݣ

ͣͣ
âƽ·Ҫ룬Ϲ׹޵ײһͨײĽ֮
âƽȻƲɵƲ׹޵ǰ񷣬ȴޱȣͷŵطâѻ׹޵飬׹޵ʱΪĻףɢ󷨿ռ䡣
濹⣬Ҷ·磬ն쿴ҶƣЩţİôϣһˣҪö࣡
ҶƣȻҲܳԾ
ȻУҪ
ֳâƽڴ֮У̫ɣȫܵѹƣЦСǣ֪зʹõķͥϹŷ֮һâ߲ϸԪ֮ٵһ𣬻Ϲͥڵһ«٣ľԪľâƽǴâ߲ڣϸԪĩԪڣɵķڱУΪ
ˣѴǧͼΪѪջ˶䡭
ҶҲΪߡ
â߲âƽпܣͬħת鶦һ㣬սΪɽָɽ磬ǿɽ籾Դ
ҪһΪɽ籾Դǰף
նȣǧͼҪٵľԴҪռиӦҪ߹ٵɽʱգƣΪߣֻɰˣ
ͻȻ·ʴ˸Уһ̾ˣûⱦʸΪǴߵӵߣΪҪץϹͥ
㻹浱ӣƲȻһŭ
ӣǵȻӣԵУӲ⣬ٻâƽԸߣǴ˵еĴڣʮâ߲Ҳ޷ȼʮ֮һâƽ봫еĴ߶Ǳң˵꣬ɲǣٴλӶâƽ
ٿ
潣Ȼ
ҶüͷһĿ裺߲öԸҪСģһӰĹ⣬ϰ취ľ˵


1338 澳
ʱ䡭

ӣɲǼͳڴ֮ǰ
˲ƣ
ٶ̫ˣ
پͷҶȡն졢ƶٶȣ쵽޷Ӧĵز

߶߾ѳâƽ󷨽ǰ˲
߶ϻ棬âƽ֮ϵ߲ʱʯ˸۹âϹϻ棬߻գ߲֮⣬ҫ¡
ٿ
âƽݺݵ磬Ҷȡն졢Ʋſʼӡ߲ʽѾգ͵һڴ֮ϡ
ã
һ̽ǳڣǲ֪ԭ̫߹Լʵǵ͹ߵʵ
Ѿһٵľͷ
ƿɣ
ͻȻֱ֮ͦͬ⣬âƽնڴ֮ϡ
ͣ
Ҷ˴߶Ĵ󣬳ԽУκֿԴ߶Ĵ˾ߴ󣬾Ȼ࣬һ֮⡣
˴󣬾âƽƿˡ
ǾϣֱǱϹͥŻͷĹ⻷Сǣܷɣ
ǰѿһɳĻѷ죬棬Ͳڲ󷨵ʡֹռ䣬ǿֲ籩ʿռ䣬ӶâƽҶ˽ӡ߶һ̣һ̤
˲ٶȣӰһ̣Ѿڴ֮ڱޣֻһӰϾҪ뿪
뿪Ҷȡն졢ˣҪԸܣζԸˣ練ơ
ٿ
߶ԼģҲӲӵʱ̡
޾Ȼڻѷ֮⣬Ѿſ죬һʯʯȻҪɳߣȥ
㣿
ȲѣӰֳδɹ뿪󣬵ǻѷȻڣޣ˶Ҫǣǰǿẓ̇ʯ
ݣ
һΣ߲֮ǰЩǱӦ³ʯȻֱʯâƽ
뷣
âƽĽİֱʯ֮ϣѼʯͬһ㣬׵и
Сɣ
һֿ̣ʼΪӰ˲֮٣Ҫֳٶʵһޡ
콣
ٿȻڴѷУһɫ߳һ̣ٿȻ̳
ס
ԭϿգҶ˼ʱ߶Ĵ

âƽ콣ײߺݺѹסֱۣ¡ըȻѱ콣飬ȴֹˣΪòףڴ֮ϣһѷ죬һ̣ȴѾˡ
콣
ϿաΧͻȻӿɫͬĻһ˷Χ
Ϳܳŵʲôʱ򣡡
޷ô콣ֻܻӶâƽźһƽɢ߲ʽΪһȻʼһ
ݡ
춼ǽ
ɫġɫģ̺߲ɫģֱڲȫǽ磬нǹϵġ
û뵽ĵĵǣ
ϿգҶȼΪƣƣԪ񣬶ϣԣԪ
ϧЩ̣ͷǰãҶм̵ģȴҲǰ̣˿ͷһ㺹ˮնħһĵĸо
նͻһ٣ӵжûнͷöԸƾҲδֵ㡭
ɿҲЩԲˣҲ˿ûжߣɫƾҲǸţŶ꣬Ѵﵽ٣ûпɱԣǻƾе㳤ã˵Ѿɹ̤磬ҪӰѾϹͥǿߣöԸ
ˣ߿⣬ŪǱ
ϸԪ֮УһΪӡͨǰڣԱݺ£ǲǿߣϧΪ̫֮Ҳֻﵽ٣ȫٶ֣
˿̣ն˼취ͻ澳ǵ뷨ӣֻ໥ģգĲʱһ˿¾ͻ߶ǱԸǣ
ͬһ㷨ʿԸ߶ܵƿҲܵͬĳԳâƽҡܸоߣûбǱƵǿ״̬
Ǿ취ƣѾƣ
ն֣Ĵ߳Խǣ㿴ûиڻͷ
ء
Բߣħ˵֮󣬺ȻҶȼͷſŵޣղŰˣɹֹͻƳ·ҲǸߡ
նҡҡͷڴУǿߣ࣬취ͻ٣ܻƿشġ֮𡯣ǲ÷Ըǿߣֻоã㿴âƽ̫
ԼΪѹߡ

ͬʿұ۵Ĵڡ
ͷβҶֻʵն졢ư£ſĥ־ڣʵ̫ڣûնǿĿǰֻ÷Ըߡ
ڤ򣡡
Ҫ߶նƶֻҶȲκӰ죬Կʱ߶
Ҷָһץһ壬Ư
նһԽ̾ЦˣԵĻڤǴ߶ߵֵΪģ߶ڤĲӦÿѹߣҲѹâƽ
ಣ
˵ͷͬʱ֡
ڤͬǣ֮С

ΪͷѾѹƱߣȻ̧ͷͬһԽ򣬳׹
΢΢ݰˣâƽˣʵ̫ӵķǸδʶǵ龰һϣѹκˣ
ݡ
ڤ£ߣȴûֱâƽڤԿƺ֪࣬һץΪһֻ֣Ϊƣֱڻڤ֮ϡ
ͨ𺳲񷡣
ڤ򱻾һģʱ޷ٽȥƲʵ壬壬պʵ档
ƣƺ԰ѻڤѹһԾΪڤͻȻĽ̼꣬γɽ籩ƣʵ֧顣
һ
Ȼһ䣬ڵëʣڤ򣬵һʻ
ݡ
һƬӣڻڤݺ£Ȼƾ޵βͣȻգȻβҳڤϯȥ
͡͡
ʱ˿̣Խ뽣ӣͬһ㣬ɱԽȻԵ޼᲻ݣ̫Ӵ󣬶߲Ϸ֣ԴԴϵӿԽꡣ
̫ǿˡ˰ѴȻ¯ĵز֮䣬Բٿ콣ޱ޼ʣԴԴ
Ҷȼӣӿ֣һСĺ飬ӻ
ƥ򣡡
ħú޲öɱҲ󺹣죬һն죬Ҳ˺òȥ
߶ڤ
δǴ澳


1339 

Ȼûкˣȫ߶Ҷȵһͬ߶ڤն캬صڤȻҪ̫ƣйΪ̫ڤĽƣݺ赲ֻͷųãͨռںѹסƣ
öٽƣܴ߶Ȼʮֲ
κηκӵиַڤûнƣַӡͲһ
籩
֮У𶯣Ҷϴ߶Ļڤ꣬ʩչĴ϶ԿȻ磬ʩչ̫ɡ
ɴҲ˸⣬·޷ס
ڤҶƷٵĵˣǶһЩСԸƾЩͷӲԵƣҪҶΪֻ̫ܴ߶ӦĽƣͷͬ
Ҷӵнӽһôմ߶ڤԼڶ٣ն졢ƹͬ߶Ҳﵽ쳣ǿĴڣͬΪԣҪԽڤԻڤûɶѹ
ž֮ǰ˵ҲһһĶ֡
ߴʱֳֻѹơ
ֲϱ仯Ȼδâƽʱʱ̿׼ų
̬˱仯
ȻϵӿǰȻŤγһ壬籩һ
籩Ǽʣߵķ籩Ǽ鶼ǽ
籩Խ꣬Ȼý޷ɱ籩
Խ꣬Իڤջ޷ԽߣһԶԶسԽҶȡն졢ħ
Ϲţپͷ
߰׿֮⣺һУϧĹâܱ߶ǿ̶ȣʵδУôǣΪϹͥ
ħʱһҶȡն죬ֶ֪Ըǿߣȴһӻ𣺡ƥŸ
ȥǸ޷ԸֵܣҲûжв
Գħı꣬նһֱ侲㣬ѾǻˮҶȵʵ̫ǿǸ޷ѹס˲䱬ǿǰǣǵûд˲УΪǿԿֵԴǧͼҲܲУٶȣﵽ˲Ƶĵز
֮ǰõһУԭûôϴȴ޷ѹ֮ͨУƿػڤҲûãվŲôնɱ
һϹͥһϹͥϲӦû뿪Ϲֻͥ뿪αװˣΪϹͥѰҾԴֱǽʹߣ
ֵ˵ҪȡԴѺϣ
ն쾲Ҷһտ˽֡
ħٿȻüǿɲԸҲܸùӳԣϴ󣬲ͱֶΣԸ
ͷ̫޼˻ףͷۣҲտ˵ҪնɱȡԴܣ˲ƵٶȣΪȫ޽֮ߣǿ׷ȴҲããգɱΪǿôһֵĻҶһοնƣ侲
оƶҪõԴûпԣ֪ҲעǣףֱӰǳֶȡԴֻǻᵽͷǰȫˡ
ǻ̫Сն첻ɵ΢΢ۡ
߰ɣ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʥ磬Կ񣬶õǧͼĳһΣˣҪõԴѾܣȥ˵Χɱ֮С

ƼΪԸ⣬Ҳòʱ¶
֮УĪҶΪʧ䡣
ԳħƽľĵƣʵҲϵõԴһ룬ѴﵽĿģֻҪ֪ԴϹͥʹУ㹻ֲܰѴǧͼΪôﵽ֮䣬þԴڽһ̣ǧͼںϣԣҵʱ仹ܶ࣬Ҵﵽ٣¡ɵ磬ѾûҵĶˣʱʲôʹʲôԴʱΪŰɣ
նЦҵĺֵܣǻδ
ʱҪһˣħҲ
ಣ
˴ɹʶҶ߶ֻ籩סԽ꣬ΪһŽɫ򣬴ӽ籩УɳϿա
ŶǴ𣿡
ƺһУӲߵķۣ򵱿ˣһĨЦȻŴϷһơ
ݣ
޴籩ֱһݺ͵һڣ˺ҧڴϿս磬·иལ뽣ա
¡¡¡
Ͽս翪ʼ飬̫ǿˡ
ۣ
ͬʱҶȡն졢ͬʱŴ飬˺һ
ᣡ
ͬʱһͬƣͬķӡһ̣Ȼ޴棬·Ҳ΢࣬ҶȰٸ֣ǳ֮Уת߶ǿٶȣҶն졢ƣ籩
Ӳˣ
߷ɳҶ˷ȥĸ߿գȻӶâƽһ̳Žʧ
֮ң
ಣ
Ҷȡն졢ħͷٶȣٷ޽֮ա
ݣ
֮䣬ǰͻȻһۻƽ߲֮⣬ΪһĽճҶȺݺݵѹ¡
̷
Ҷ˲ٻһ̷һԳ򣬳ҶȺ󱳣ն̷һһƿշɳ
ǻ᣿һǷӲˣ
޾գ޴ڵЦ
Ҷȴ߶̷նƵٶȣһͬǰԽĻգ磬Һδֳ֮Ҳδò߿⣬᲻һдۣɱ뵶ڣֶ죬õǵĴӦһٴ߶ǧͼ뿪
Һ˸ۣնһǸƣƱػõǵĴ
ã
ĺȻ䣬ҶȱԳڼУͻأı䷽
ĸı䣬Ȼ޷ܵ
ƽҶ˷պò˿϶߿ǰӲʯɨ
ʱҶΣˣ
ǧͼ
ˣҶֻд߶ǧͼ
ǧͼչֳ֪˵Ĵгˣ˸ԱϢôݱ¶Σա
ߣ۸𣿡
ۿҶȴ߶ǧͼ֮ʡ
һƽ֮⣬һӰˣ˸һ⣬Żƽһ
ͣ
һƽһɹâס
ǡ
һһ۵߳𾪵ؿǰӰ
ô໹δ䣬޷ϳࣿ꣬ڱ̳ɽ磬ҿǼģλӰд˵


1340 ͷ֮ս
᲻֪㡭
Ƿ𾪣ܾòɢȥҲھ֮Уǰɴ칬˱ţˣ
䡭
Ӱ֪ʲôʱ򣬻ΪʵǶ
ߣҵȷˣĳһ棬䣬Ҳû˿ͷǵ칬һսδ֣֮ͨһ̣ΪģôꡭҵƲŻָ˵Щˣܼһϲ£꣬ȥͥͣʱ㣬ֻһţڣ㶼ɳز
˲ˣͥҲǰͨ۷ɴ۵ۣͥҲȻɴ۵Ķ֡
д֮ˣȻȥž⣬ֻĿǰͻȻⱣˣĪǣҪϹͥΪУ
ǿһ£˵£Ϲͥܣ
ͷԻ֮ʡ
Ҷȡն졢ƶһƬȻû뵽ʶ
ΪУ
ΪȻƳһۣһԵˣٴοߣ˵ˣȥͥȥشۣ飬˺һ֮Կ칬
شۣǹϹͥǱӻ˵ΪУϹͥΪУ칬ͨ籨ţټ칬ƿأһ͵Ϯ˶ٵֵܣ
󣬳ĬƬ̣Ȼžǰش۵ľߣʱҲûʸ֪ôܣ֪һȰ˵شֻۡʷѳΪȥΣҲ޷ŤתǬǰýϹͥҹͥǿ󣬿ǰΪ˱𣡡
칬ϹͥʧǧѾΪɽ޷ҡĴڣߣ˵ˣҲ˵ĹɴۣϹͥݣ칬ҡˣһ֪δʱȥ⻷ˣֻǹһ£֮ͥľߣȥɣҲˣû壡
ֱһ̣Ƿݾ⣬ʧұҪȥģҵĴڣ͸ܵͽ䣬ˣݺɽʱҲǿԳͽκ˻𣿶ǰѲǸʱϹͥǰǿ󣡡
㣿ǵ£ҪǣȻͲһ޶ãȻҪ֣Ǿɣ㣬ڵĴڣ㣬ٵĴڣңǵʵҾҪνڣױȹȥ˺εȵνͬ
ȻֱӦսˡ
̫ˣ꣬㶫Ƕôĸ߸ϣڶǵǣӣɣ
߻Ӷâƽȼս߲ʽȻһ̤һѴڶǰ
ʵ̫ǿ
شۣȻâ߲㣬أʧ֮ڱ̳磬ҲΪ˰ɣ
˵ǿߣɴ۵֣ߣĺȻһͬ˲Ƶٶȣâƽ
ԶգҶ˼ֽ֣𺳵˵նڵĸ߶ȣѾöȥ
ħ̾϶һֱ߶߶ģҴδֻ֣֪߾϶Ҳʮ־û뵽УҪǿĶ࣡
ҶԶǿ󣬲δе⣬칬ǿ᣺˵ܳΪ칬ĵˣ޵㿴ɴۡ߾𡢶ɾĸӵоֶεĴڣ
ľͷǡնЩŷĿ⡣
䣡
ĺȻ䣬ʮǰ֮У˵ĻƬգʯڿʼΪ
âƽϹͥر
ӹըУƯȻ
һֳâƽ߳
ĳЩңϢЩӶԵú⣺ʵΪǿ󣿡
ô£ûаճɹɹ٣ֻ취ѰҽɹڣȻûҵҵʵѾԽ٣ߣʵУҲҪǿ࣬â߲ɣܱƳҵʵâƽûжô
ұһâƽͲˣȷҶѳԽ١Һң㷴칬ʵδʩչɣ
ԱƳʵͿԼ꣬ɴۣɱ칬ģ
â߲
ƺǾ仰Ƴɱ⡣
ݺһƳﳤѹȥ
ƣ
޴Ȼסָһָһ
ٿ
¡
޽֮ʱձ
ಣ
ߴһץ֣ӿһĴС߲ʺ««˲Ƶ߳ˮͰǰ
â߲鱦һӵи߲ʺ«ɫͿʼ
ϴǺ«Ʋǵķʵأƺһĺ«Ȼֻһʽ룬Ժ«ΪƳطħ̰š
ǲǿ񣬶ɽָǿ֮һ
ǿͷϵ޷졣
ȥ
˫§â߲«ڣȻ򶫻ں«һѹʱ߲ʻ棬ȥ
ͣ
ǣ
߲ϹŻ棬գʣʯʲôȻͳͳճɻҽΪ
ðԵĻ棬𣡡Ҷ˿þĶǣߵ
ٿ
һΣδѹƻ棬ʩչ˲ƣܿ
ߣǲᣬеâ߲·ӵ޾𣬾Ȼʮ޴Ŀռ䣬޽֮գγһ޴Ļ𺣣ڣֻߡ
֮ŭ
ͻȻ
꣡
ӰĶͻȻ𺣼ѹϲǿ߲ʻ棬
𣡡
˫һƣΧ棬ͳͳϨһ޵Ŀյռ䣬ŶƳͨƵس޴𺣡
ɽ
Ǿ춯صĹߴ߶ˡ
𺣾ȻΪӿȼյĺ󣬶Уγһɽߴޱȣȼջ溣ƶһɽֱڿճѹȥ

ɽ̫죬ںϣ˲ڶ֮ϡ
һģɽһһ£ײһһˣǾˣһɽ
δ
һɽؽ٣
䣡
һɽһصײ֮ɽ֮ϣÿһײͱѹ½һɣʮɽѹ棬ȥ֧޴ɽ
Ϊлɽ۳һ޴ĻɽԵѹڶ֮ϡ
˵ôһ޴ɽһС͵ĻɽѹκϣҲ顣
ϹŷǾ춯أ׳նզ̾
һɽһƬȼյĻ溣
ЩֱȻĳ
ϹֱͥȻ磬Ȼ취취š


1341 ֮
꣬û֡ԴӴ䣬˽ɢһжΪ沨
ɽѹס֧žɽҪܻɽѹ֮ڲµĻƣΧӿĻ𺣣
ɽ໥ںϣһ¯ҪѶУٻϹŻ棬
üͷҲδ£ɽѹƣϵ³ȻֱƵ棬ա
룬§â߲ȻӺ«ڣһɹϹŻ档
ϹŻ𺣣κµˣմϹŻ𺣣˲仯Ϊһǿߣ𺣣Ҳֻ̱ճɻҽ³
һ𾴣Զ¶Ŀ⣺Ԫ֮Уɱ칬ǿߣָ֮һǡڼԪڣɱ칬ģϹͥǰҹͥɣشۡۡشۣһΪĿˣˣɴ۲ɱ칬þʹĬĬţ
߳ĵĿ˵ãѾ澳
Ŵ㣬㲻ʶôǱˣ磬ɱ㣬ɱǼҳ£ҶıռҵԴսģȻǿ󣬵Ҳʵնɱ㣡
ϹͥĽʹߣ֮ͥʲôˣпնɱ࣡
ڤ粻顭룡
̫˵ϹͥһɽϹŶ߿صĲʵ

ɴۣɱ칬
ϹͥõôȻϹͥϹͥԴˣ޷ˡ
ϧ꣬ѿһУϹͥ
ٴĶâ߲«ڣ˲ͷŶĿ⡣

һȦȦ߲ʹ⻷Ӻ«
Լʮһһ
߲ʹ⻷Ʋǿ󣬷𺣣ڻɽѹס֮ʣһȦ߲ʹ⻷ȻûӸ߿ɽԲȦպסɽ

һ߲ʹ⻷·̺ǿɽɽһ£ͻأ򶫻ݺѹһΡ
öΧֻƵȻ𶯣ʼ趯
һ
˿ľ֤ͷ֮սκһһʽܴ
Ҷȿն죬ü硭Ʋȥ̫ǿˣԴ󷨣պʩչͨһɽͿԻѹ֪ܷʤ
նҡҡͷ߳бƬ𺣣ıռʱ˺ִͣڱȥ治˵
ͻȻնЦ̫ģǴ򽻵ʱ֪ɱ칬¼ʱɴ۴Ŷ߾𣬻мǿߣɱɱ칬̳ɱɴۣɨ޵֣Ǽˣɱ˲֪ٵ칬ִߣҲУԣͷնɱ
ˣ
ɵ磬𵴶꣬𺳶ٵʿ
ȻǷ칬ĴԶͥԼеķָ߶ȣһģҪľ
ɴۡ߾ɾЩ
ҶԺ࣬˵Ĵ棬ͷҲöа꣬ɴۣɱ칬칬гͷְͷˣɱ롢칬ɴˣһֱɴ۴ҵĸоǿ󣡡
նǰսռ䣬һʣͷ£Ϊ޴𺣣նоʹУǰӦҪȫˣ
Ȼǿҿܱܳѹ
һ߲ʹ⻷ɽ޷
ߵһЦʮ߲ʹ⻷½ɽ١
ٿٿ
˲ϢڶϷһ߲ʹ⻷٣һһʮ⻷סɽ
ˣ
ͨһϢ
ƤȻҲʼ͸ϢʱϢ֮ǰˣȻͬʼɵ޽ڣǿԡ
ߡǰȻҲߣʵôܳԽ٣Ϲͥʹڵԣһ࣡
ԣҶȱκ˶˽⣬ԭǿĶȻҲһߡ
ߣȻԽߡ
ҲѹƵĻ𺣣ɽȻ޵С
Ϲͥǵ꣬Ǻпش칬ǣȴ칬Լɵøɵ칬£ֻѡѰǹͥʲôɱ硢Իɵֶ𣿿ϧһ˿عͥ
ʼͷŭ𣬶ڹͥŷһ˽⣡
꣡
ͻȻӻɽ࣬Ȼѳֻ֣ҳ䲻򶫻
Ȼ֧Żɽûеֻ֣Ըֻ֡
ƣ
һ̣ϢӶ˫֣ΪǿԣһɽģֱӴģɽ
¡
ģɽŴɽ
ǣ
ֻ֣֪ʲôʱ鵽ʲôطȥˣ֮ʧ
⡭߱סˣʼѹö޷ֻбѹķݡ
ڣһУĹͨݻ١
ߣ֣ɱУǺ󱲵ķϣҾһ
ʱͳͳԣ貶ҫۡ
ԶҶȲŵ̾ߡȫںʹõǡԣܿסߵɵ
ס˵
ٿȻһ
һҶ˼ڵĿռ䣬ڵĿռ䣬ֹˣڵĻ𺣣һ̷·Ҳһ㡣
򣡣
𺳲ѣεȵķ򣬲ܴﵽ
̣
ƣڶ£ֻзķݣȻ߶â߲棬ǰѻ棬ֹռ䣬еʣ«֮С
ΪҲ֪â߲ͨ𣿡
˵𺣣ռ䣬ƺâ߲Уһ޴Ļ޻ǣͻȻС
һ̣һֳ̤ʱߺ󷽣ֻǶߺһ㣬һǿԣߺ󱳡
ͣ
һžһѪ
ѪȾĻۣ΢ʵ˵𣿡
꣬Ҿ㣬ɱ칬һЩ񣬶Уջ֣ƹߣһظ˫֣Ҷʱȥ
վסЪ˹ĺ
ȻͥŲߵģһԣڻʧҲɱ㣬ֻԸ칬
ҶˣѾ޷ǰһĻǿǿףǰԾƣѹߣȻӵа
նһЩϹŶ˵񾳽磬һ磬Ǿô򵥣ûʲôȼǰ񣬵ԦԽ࣬Խ𵤡ԪԽǿʢôʵԽǿ󣡡
ҵģ
һжΪʱ
ߣͻȻһɲܵ޽֮ѹƵ⣡
ͣ½Ų̾ǡ֮


1342 ɱ
䣬ͻȻ
Ҷȡն졢û뵽ѹߣһжʱͻȻ
ҶͷǿӦ𺳿ǰôһɵԴںϵĸо
նҲɻ󲻽⣺ǾԴɵͷŵƣȴͬԴ㣬޽֮ںϣ
֮
һ̣תٴߣͥͥڲӵ磬ÿһ磬һλףƿߣֻƿߣӵ֮ߣ㾹Ȼһƿߣ
ü֮УһŹ⻪
Ź⻪ʱոо·𣬹⻪һ磬ƿʼǿһӿѪȾĳۣʱͬߣӵǸСһΪ̳ף֪֮ϣ޷սʤҵģ֮֮ͥƿأѵͥ۵Ķ֣
൱ȻֲۣͥҪκ࣬Ҳһ򵥵£ߣҪϷƴһſȥ
һͥ£֮֮һǸʸ𣿡
شͨɴ۳ΪǸʱǿ֮һȻûʸ㣬֮ˣֲͥƿߡ
֮ˣҽһҪߣߣĪǡ˾ΪУӵǣһɳ˵ᳬԽˣ
ɵģڴ˵еĴڣӵУǵ޹أ
ɣԶɣϹͥߣֻлɣҪ㳼֮ͥ£
ŭһȣ˫ֱ߸ߵػӶüŹ⻷Ȼӿޱ޼ʰӿģΧ𺣿ʼڣΪ۽ȻʼʴռУ
һһߣһΣȻͽ޹
ǰ
ಣ
Ҷն졢ϢͳڶǰҶȴžʩƴȥ壬ɱ칬ɣ
һֱҧŲɿ֮ɫǰ
Ϲͥ칬ǺöʵǲǶǸǣ໥ɱǰʱˣ
ͬʱ򶫻ʩ
ˣ칬ս˽칬ʵĮȻתҶҲһǳ֮⡣
߲ˣʩչ˲ٶ׷ɱȥ
ಣ
ոմ߶˲ƣǰգʹһƿҪõȻǰʧ
ôܣ
߶˲ƣգۣʧĸ߿գͷŸӦӿķһ㷴Ӧ
ôﵽƿաǳԽ˲ƵٶȾͨгռ裬ſ޷
߹һˣκθӦóȥˮû˿Ӧɻ𺳡
ۿƤߣζܡ
ҵʹϵҪҵĴ𡭡Ϣˣ
ãջϢŲʣ߶˲ƣͬӰĿ죬ȥĸ졣
Դû뵽ؼƻ״ۿʼӴپһҵߡ
ȴû뵽ˮһգһԼҪʲôԵõʲôһأ
߲ˣҶȡն졢Ҳˣǣһ꣬ȴӺڰһ
ħ졣
ͨ߾ǺãңͬʱУӱħҺ˵ѾԵõҪһУŶɲһᣬԴǱѴǧͼΪص㣡
ռľԴڱɽ٣ǧͼںǿ̣ͷžԴȡǧͼһʧȥǧͼƾԪܵȻ֮Щͷ𣿡
ܣܣûдǧͼʧȥ֮ɱ˱ҪȶϵֱۣȻٶԸ׶ˣ
ħһҶսգѳΪնգֻʣ³Ư
ۣͥӦǰľͷ֮ͥһһ뾡취УõԴҪõԴô˳ġ
ħһ̹Ȼеȥ
ɽ磬ϻ֮أ
ಡ
һǳ֮⣬سϻĲã¼ŵգȥ羢ɽڿ
磬ƣǾڴݱʱ䣬һᾡͻڣǧͼһṦ򣬾Ͱ˴޽֮أɽ磬ֳҶն졢Ƹ
նͷŶҶȣǶҪ취ʵ
ǰպټ
Ҷ򶫻ʩ񣬺һҶȱ㲻ˣնƣ֣붫һͬ뵶ڽ֮С
ɽ磡
ʥɳǣ
Ҫˣ
ɳǹȺĻƽ𹬵Ϸɾ̫ľǧơͭƻƯڰգһͬա

߿գһӰƿնһͷָݣֶӵ۵Ҷȡ
ҶһڰջϣȻ빬֮С
֮ڣܿ죬ﶼһһ̶ˣһЩ֣ȻС
һɨˣÿ˶ͭƻ£ɹ볬ۣҶ̴߶ת鶦ͭƻǧơйɾ̫ľңѶٸ֣ߵĵӣһΪӣڳÿһˡ
˽ʥɳֿ֮ҶȱңȻŹɾˣһУˣҶΪߣĸɽ¶ٸ
Ҫɹں϶Ļǰ򵥣ͭƻû⣬˾Щѡ
ҶֻһںԼҲʼһ
һΣն졢֣ԸߣǴǰδеƣУȫ޷Ըߡ
Ҫʱ䣬ָ״̬
һ˵ȣھУ
ɽ֮ĸ߿գƺ֮䣬߲ʹâУȻһŮӣͬ·ɽ
ţ
ʥɳеҶȣȻۣǿӦɽ磬վವһƿնȥ
߿գ
ಣ
գۣҶȱɽϿգϿգһݾϲ⣬ͫУ𽥳ŮӵٻӰ
ҶȲ¶ĵЦݣ壬û뵽żǧ̤꣬ڣ
ৣ
ŮȻһΪһϹ⣬ҶǰǱˣǵ꣬Ҷűɴߵ塣
壡
ӷ翪ʼһֱҶȲΪţ񣬶̶̼ǧ꣬źȥ֮ͥͥеġ̟硱ΪȻѳԽҶȡ
Ϊǿˣ
Ҷȷȫɱһˣﵽ⣬ȫȻϢòǳס
ڿʲôƽҶȣȻǰǰĬԡ
ҶʮȻЦˣΪʵﵽڣܺãΪеˣ½磬ҡ㡢졢ѩֻʣҶˣϣߵ󣬴ﵽеľͷ


1343 ӵоŴٸ
ת˲ҶȾص֮С
֮ڣֻˣҶȸӦһʵѾʵʵǿ̟磬ӦõλͰɣ
̟νͥ£ǿ֮һ̟磬Ϊᱻƿţû뵽Ϊͽ֮ͥУѰȻۣһһںϣϸԪȻͨҵΪŻ˿ֲ
һλ
һλ
ۣͥƿһ磬籧ӣҲƿ֮һ
ҶȺȻŸոйǿУ֪ͥµı̳磬һΪߣ
Ǳ̳һĽ᪽ƿر̳꣬Ҳشеľǿߣ
Ȼ֪ϹͥûСʹߡʮǿΪӦںɡ֮ϣ
ʹߣδйӡ󣬳ԽɵĴڣֻܾѹǣ̟磬ҴδԽɵǿߴڣ
ʹߣֻ֮һЩĹͥǿߣʸ֪Ĵڡ
ҶҲЩջʵЩ꣬ɶԹͥ˽⣿
ͥھɽ޽֮䣬ԹͥˣʵԽɽ࣬඼ȻͥƿʮСС磬ͥΪشۡۡشۣǵΪѾ޷֪ĸ߶ȣۣҼһ棬ǿ󡭡ֻ޵ݣ
ͥУƿԪķԴÿˣԴӲȱ٣Թͥˣھɽֻ޽֮ߣǴӲύڹͥˣ˱Դˣ³㣬;ͥˣܶ࣬ռݹ֮ͥҼͥˣǾɽӵŵˣ
ȻͣƬ̣˵³룬̟Σ֪³ͥµġʥ硯УΪص󣬽ҲпܣΪĵӣˣջǱȲϱԴˣ֮ͥУȻ˳Ϊ˵ҲУ٣
Ҷȿһֱڵ³룬ᣬͥͶʵЩӣûиҷٷʥ磿
ʥشƿص֮һ³룬̫ģõʥصΪҲܿ죬עͥܣϧ޷ѰҰ˿Ҳû̫ջ񣬿㽻£ڹͥܶûжջ񣡡ʧҡҡͷ
ܴãͲҪǿͥӦм˵ܣȥͥȴڰŵˣϢǾͨһǽǰǿߣڿƣ֪ôʲô˵Щˣɽ˷ʼͥв
ȻҲܵһЩһЩ޽֮أǸϹŶͥȡԴö֮ҪռݹͥϧЩˣΪֻͥϸԪĲͥһһնɱˣһΪǿߣҲϸԪһͳͥԪµĹͥͥĸ֣ߣ
ȻҲȥͥҫȥˣһܶ飿

һȻʵδָ۷壬һʵҲκٸֿԿģȴͥߡ
ǰãɱԼе֣ԭ֮ǰȥͥһ룬ϸԪȻһעͥͥͬͥ
λҪΪҲѾһۣȻʱ䲻֪࣬㣬Ըҵʱ䣬̡ܶƺе㣡Ȼ΢ЦҶȡ
Ҷ龰ǲȥ룬ΪԼСۿ屻ߣһǿߣţðɣҾͲʱ䣬ȥͥ³룬ҲԭԼǿߣͻ
뵣ģ
վҶ״Ǳת߳
´ҴҶȥڳƳǣôҲ벻ؼҶңңữһжԹ
ҶҲվ˲֮С
ͥ칬һأһ̫СʱȥӴͥӲʱȥټЩӳͷ֮ķߡȫںһһһٵ۷壬ڡǰˣ
߶ȫʼս𵤡½ߣĶʼںϡ
ҶСϢΪӣԼںһ֣ģͭƻˣǷˡ
ʮȥ
Ҷ߳ң֮Уɾ̫ľǧơͭƻѾڹڵȺ򣬼Ҷȣһһʩ
ɣ
һӡҶָһץֳ
ৣ
գۣߵӰʹһУɳһһڹС
״ΪףշĶٸ֡
٣Լһٸ֡
ɾ̫ľ״۵ˣ𺳵˵ôپͷ
̫ľҶȵõĵһڸ֣ڣŶ̶ǧ꣬ҶȾȻ̵õͭƻǧǰٸ֣ò˼ݣҲΪ
Ȼ䣬ڹڣȻվپͷһǿߡ
Ǿɽ磬һССɽ磬ӵһ٣ܣڣپͷվ
ֻһ㣬ǲףǵףϷҶȣֻһڵǿߡ
ţҵ£ûЩٸ֣ɽ磬ʮ֮׶ľƿأ֮УŹĴڣЩҪҪǣľҵѣʥɳǣ˳ɣʥɳǣƱػԶĳɽҲǣǾŴǿߣȥ޽֮أκγһţǾͷĴڣúðҵķԸΪҰ£ʥɳǵĵ̣ΪߵˣѣֹΪ
ҶȾӸ£ͷžƣһɨˣԴǲõģҪеǣҪʯ֮֮ߣҪɵ磬󣬲ҲûӵеĶ࣬˶ںҶСԣǰУɵ磬ֻǿߣʸЦ޵УҲᱻƿأʵڿʼǾͭƻ״ΪףǱڴˣȴɣ
ԵİԵ
С
ʯС
ԣС
ҶҲС
ʲôˣǶپͷﰲС
Ŵٸ֣𺳶ã̫޷ţ̫ɻһֹУͷӿͳͳ
Ҷֿɾ̫ľɾ̫ľɽ繵ͨʱʱ̿ȥˣౣϵôڿʼһһع飬ֻһֳɳ̣ĿǶ־عоŴ֣ԲôڴڲС
ǣ
ָĶٸ֣ˣǵĵǲʱҴǶңǶǣɽ磬һǿ֣߳ôֻʵ棡
Ҷ˵ÿһˣ˼
ʮһˣҶǿҲ˰źһУҶȾʹ߶ǧͼ
Ҫعֶ졣


1344 һɽ
ֶ죡
˿̣̺֮£ǱʯǰҶǳ֮⣬һʹɽصֶ졣
ӳΪִϣ񣬵ʱ䡣
ҶһݣɫۣûΪһӿƵִۣϵ
Ŵһӡһͨͨ򣬲УɲǼ䣬ͨҶʧ
ֽ磬߲ռ䡣
ಣ
ͨУֱ칬֮ǰʯ棬鷨ߣһֵͨӰʱʩ񣺡ӭҶϻع飡
ȥ֪ͨλһ˵һˣҶһ֣һɾڵ鷨

˴뾴η֮ģ̱빬ȥ
Ҷϣ
˿̣ǡм鷨߷ɳҶæʩ
ҶȻӦ֮ҷһصĹ֮С
̨£ڷҶϢһһɨݣ¼һɽֶ죬ɽĴС£Щʵĵӣɽ磬ɽС
׵ֶΪʱһ¼Ȼһɽĳһһˡ
ÿӣ뾭ĳɳ̡
ӽЩµӼ룬Լڲ󷨸ıȵȣֵӡԼĵִļ¼
Ҷȼϫӡӡѩյ¡ĪԿɵۡȵȵӣ꣬Żļ¼ʱ䣬ֻ¼ǳȥ
ΪִϾǲͬʮڵӣţڵӣһж¼Щ֮С
죬ҶȲŰڵݣһһƿأɨݣǶҶ˵ܼ򵥣ǿԪ񣬵ǰݣƣȥȫ˽⣬Ҫĺúһ
ڼ䣬λִùûʲô£ҶǸˣ뱻²ִϣֱԲѰ񣬵ȻִϿɲҶȣǿȨĳһǰͲҶˡ
죡
纣ЩģǴڲ·ݣ
ռ䣡
̳֮ϣɵ¥УҶ纺ɵϣƯһ⡣
һţɫ⡣
ⲻǹҫУƯ֥Сģǧ֮࣬ۿȥһɫĹ㣬ʲôġ
纺ͫһ⣬ںϣĿʼԾ΢΢Щ纺ٴδ߶⣬ϧľͲٱ
纺ҡҡͷھڣʱ⣬ƽģϧУֻܶһЩģ
ҲҪ߶ǿԪںµļ䣬УȥѰЩģҪǧ꣬ھռ䣬ǧ겻ʲôж
Ҷ纺飬˫һ֣ԿʼںȫԪڣӿĻ棬ģֻ棬һһֳ
޵ĴУȻйһּ䣬ֻһ֣Ҷȶ֪̽Ŀʼ
ʱ侲ʧҶȱۣ˫ʱʱץϵģģһҶʼ󣬳졢ŤĹŹ֣ͬ㣬Ǿ֣֮ġ
һ֣ǿߣ޷Ĩ񣬶
ҶʱʱӶ˫֣һǧ֥СģеĸƯеںһ֣еǼ֣ںϳһӵġ
ԭġҲ飬ʲôģͬʱ飿һԵ纺ȴţͫеĿ⣬Խǿҡ
ԼݣԼҹҹڵȴˮʯһ졣
Ҿԡ
纺һֱҶȡ

һɽ硣
ǿգƯ
һΧķ㣬һıɫ򣬷·һʯ

ôһƯǿеȴ˫۾Զ
ಣ
һԼɵɽ֮ϣվһٶˣװɫɫԿóԲͬĵط
ȴһ
ɽʮֲվǰʮˣȻһƣʲôɣɶǣǡۣȫڡ
һɽ磬ɵ磬Ȼʮڡ
һխӥüӣаЦֵǣǰֶһɽĵǧӣҴ󲿷ֶŮӣһǳǹɫ㰡ֵ棬Ҳ治
ôǳһţǶ֣ɽֶ죬ȻŹǣȻڣҪֶΪУЩѣֶһٸֻ֣ܶӣ
ʲôһɽ磬ˣǹⲻڸɽ磬ӶƸһɽķѹȣȫڣֻͷɵͷųǿһܵȻ֮ѹȣ֣ʲôϴǶٵĴڣ
˵ǣССһһɽ糬ʲô
꣬ӻȥֶ죬޷ͨˣ˳û뵽һ죬Щĳһ
ǵ취֣
ʲôǳۣʮˣڣһɽ磬֣޷ƿ磿
ԣ

һٶ𳬼ۣһѴͣǰ͵ſ죬ȥ
ֶڵ𽥱ӣ

ɽ磡
֮С
ٿ
۶ҶȣȫΧͻȻ͵ۣһ⣬ɫ֮УҶͬ㣬Щģ
壬ӵԽӡҺѾ˼оɡ䲻ӡ塭壬Ԥԡ󣡡
ǧ֥СģգΪʮĶѡ
塭ӡ塭塭ԽԤԣ
Ҷȶ֮ʱ
纺ɾϲ𽥹ʧû뵽ôƽ⣬ѰģգҳֻһֻƬ
ǣ϶һƪġ
ĪҪʧﵽʵ϶ٴεõµģ
ԪƽҶȵԣȻ纺ȰûջٿȷԺ壬ǣƺǺ壬ҪͬѰ
ںݣҴѺ󲻾ãѵ֪ǲ򵥣Ҵ׹ɵ磬ȻҺҪڣ壬ӡԣ塭֪ã֪һЩǷǣ
壬Ի壬Ǻдڵޣңõ޵ĴУо壬ȻõŴ˵Ŵ޵Ҳ˵ӵеȥ磬һ𣡡
Ҷ̰ο
纺صͷô꣬ҲǯƣֿԼ֮Уڿӽ硭Ƕ۾ұǯƣŴң
ȥѹȥδá
ˣ
˵һ㣬һɵͳͻȻԸ߿գҶ׹
ŷˣ纺ΪֶӣȻ֪ʲô
öʥд·ΪִϣвֶԴôܵģ
ಣ
˲䣬ҶȾʹ߶纺죺纣ңʲô˵
˵Ϳֽ磬ѸӦ೬۵ӣۼ߲ռ䣬ϫӡӡյ¡ɵۡ˶ڡ
ҶϷɳ죬۶ȥ


1345 ٴμһɽ
ֽ磬߲ռ䣡
֮⣬ĵӵȴţڲִϣۼһһЩҲڽܹ׼š
ոյһɽţԮٷԼԴ󷨵Ĵ߶һΪ׵ǿߣΧһڵ򣡡
ϹŶֲõķڣһɽ磬ҲֻɼʵʱģȺͽǲŹڴԴټλǵԲߣ½Ԯţ
ִϣովۼһλߣ㿴ˣֱ⣬˵һɽơ
һڣУը˹
ֶ죬Ǿɽ糬һš
ǿߣȻ½ӶԴоǿ죬ڣôһλھɽ޵оͷοһɽ硣
ôһ״ۣ
Ҷۣһɽ磬Լɽ磬ʵͷɳҡ
ˣǴɽ磬ͨһ̤ɽ磬ճΪͷǵţǵǴɽ翪ʼɽ޴ޱȣټԪٵıɽ֮С
ЩЩУһ˵õƾɽõԴΪɽľͷ
ʣ˶֪ɽ磬Դδ˸½ȥȡЩԴһ½ƽ⣬ɽˡ
һߺȻϣǶءءɽ硭
ߵһɽ緢£Ϸ˽ţûͻ£ֻҲ಻ӿ֣пܣ֮ɽҲ̷ң֮ǰسһӦ취Ǿϣһ˸һɽţҶʦܽȻһɽ磬೤ϣս˳򣬸Ӧɽţʱسϸ𣬼ϴʦҲʱʱһЭǿ
ûҶȵһӦΪִϣ鷳ȻǶ㲻ģˬӦ
ȻҶʦܶӦˣҲûȻ೤϶ڵȴҶȵĴ𸴡
볤ϵҶʦܣŻɳĵһͬһɽ磬ȥ׼һ£²˳٣һǿֿǿ߽ΣΪѡһֺĵӣ
Ҷվʩ񣬴뿪˹
֮⣡
û뵽ϴζԸԪȥһɽ磬ôҪ̤һɽ硭
ƯӰһҶȣһ棬һ۵纺
ಣ
ʱ֮Уʮ𳬼۵ӣһһǺĵӣҶת㿴Ϥס
ϫӡӻеҶȵ½ޡ
ĵӣҶҲ󶼼ֻǴδйʡ
һϫӡӡ½޵ȺĵӣҲŲͬ飬ڴ½ִϡ
ϣ
˷ҶǰһԶգһһȭҶʩ
ϫʦ㡢ʦ㣡
ҶλˣҲȺУѵõĸʩλӣҲӦ񣺡ȻԱ룬ȥһɽ磬ǵ񣬲ǰţҲѰǱһɽţаӣ½ĸǶ֣ǳۣǵ׼
ۣ
ˣƺ֪ʲô񣬻Ǵ¼ʦڣִ϶Գ
ԭǳϮһɽţۣڳÿ˶һҪԵĶ֣ͬĴڡ
ಣ
ҶȻһ˾ֱӷɽ硣
֮
һɽ磬ǿգޱߵ֮ϣʮһһҶȳǿ֮ϣһɽ磬ҷǿռٷȥ
ǼУ𽥵ģͼһűɫ򣬾ȻֳһĿıâڲű
Χһٶ𳬼ִۣ߶ĥâΪǱâֶķ磬һ飬ôЩۣԲ赲ɱ֮С
ͻˡ
˿һĻ
ӵղȻһŭ֣Ȼڸ֣ⲻɽ編ѹƣŸŶ֣
ҶתˣǶ½ǿһȺ׼Ĵͽλ֣߶ȰдϢ˵
ֻǣҶ仰˵ûжӦ
һеӣӵΪ˲˵ȴվǸɱЩˣǲȥΧ򣬰ǵĿ꣬ǸǶ֣ǡӵʮڣ˵ڣΪߵĲڣ󲿷ֶڣ
һеӵǼпȫûһЩԮŵľӢĥˣ֮ΣҲδ
˼ǼȣҶһüͷһؿӡ
еӣƺ֪ҶΪڣΪҲڣҶʻֱͦ嵱ڻش𣺡ϣǲ˼ֻϣһƵİ취ȲǣҲԶԸЩˣ
ȫ֮£ǿģͬʦֵܣȫ߶߶󣬱Ÿأ취µʱҲΪʱҶȵһ˦֣תֶ
ʱһˣܷ
ߣ𣿡
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ΪŻҪѡΪִϣûһϼӣȨѹˣ
ҿɲսͽͶ޴飬ֲʲôǿԱԼ
ʱ˿̡
ϫӡӡ½֮⣬ĵӣд󲿷֣ڿʼੲݣ۷׷ף³졣
ȻǶҶΪͨ½ϣһҲأӲ
˵һ㣬̫˽֮Σ뵽ǣԼİΣ
λ
½ӺȻһȣӣԱΪǿٵĺĵӣ˼˼ŵӣҪŵĹأΨһҪĺ
½ʦãֿڣŮӣʼǺޡų½ޡ
ҲõģȻϴŶȻӦǿߵֶΣ½˵ʱԺֵҶȾһ̣Ǿ޵е
Ժļصš
Ҷϣ֮Σ˰Σ²˳٣ְɣʱվҲվҶȵߡ
ϫӿӣֿ½ޣȻҶߣΪŵӣȸÿ֮Σ
ãʹ߶ֲ󷨡
ҶתĿһ裬һһƳÿˣͻȻͷѹŲҪΪ֮֮У˲ΪһȥΪԶֶ죬ϣ֮УмеˣվȻţ˵֣
ৣ
һʱÿĵӣĬˡ
֣
ȻʵҶҲѴ࣬úΣֶ죬ʮĵӣȻΣ֮ʱ󲿷ȿǵԼΣ
ֶ˵ǱصΣͬ״ݻٵĽţӣһҹ֮䣬ȫûˡ
ֶ֪촦Σʱ¼ӣ
ৣ
ʮˣ纺ͬķӡһʮ𳬼۵Ĺ⻪ʼϿƯҶƿش֣⻪һ̣ػ֣ڹ⻪֮ϣĿ⻪𳬼ͻϮȥ


1346 Ļ̻
˿ɫȻţӹ⻪ɨȥ
Ҷתˣѹʧ׼ңͻ֮ڣʵȺǿ֮£ֻнһ취
ǣ˲ΥҶ˼
¡
ֶΧͻȻӿǿմը

ͻϮɹҶȵʩչ٣ը֮Уٷȥ
ϣҪеӣͬĪһ㡭֮£һҾͳڶĪ
ʧĸ߿գ
һŮӣĮ߳
ξ
һȺ߹ҶԸֶ졭ߣǱQ죬һɽƴңֶ죬ܱ¶ƶһһֶ
ɶ񡭡
ֶԮˣ
ը𵴿ٸܵЩڡڵߣͻϮնɱ
ǣʮڣڶδܵӰ죬Ǵķۼһ𣬺ȻһƬӰңӱըĿ϶У뱦
ٺ٣һȺȻԼ򣬲һͷʲôûı䣬ȻΧ򣬲Ͻ磬ֻû뵽ֶľ磬䣡
ʵܴʮۣûһڣֶ˼ܼ򵥣ҪչսƺԮɱʱ䲻ˣͷȫݻֶ磬ÿŮӣ°ߣ
ٺ٣ǻϴϴ˶ٵĸֶ֣ɳڣǶԮҲõģϴԸǵģֵǣֶ磬ҪŹǣ
ã
һٶ𳬼ۣ˲֮һؼȻУڸΪףٴִ߶һ⹥򣬸ողĽ磬ٴᡣ
ڲ
֧Ԯˣ
嫵ڲĽɽӡݺύǳһһֲţǳأѿһˡ
һƯͬĽϿգ۷壬Ưֶӣ֮ࡣ
һϢִ߶߶磬ļڣǵļ֣ȵԮ
񷣬ʮӰҲǴɣӲɵۣһۡ
оˣ
ۣһɽ磬ǾǴ˵еľͷֶӵгۣصӣֻ˵ţڣʵʵؽٶÿϣȼϣ
һŸǾӪò
Ҷȴ纺ϫӡӡ½޵ȸ֣뽵ٶӦҶȲδ־ȻһɽԱ㹻ˡ
Ϸˣϣݼִϣ
һۣҶȵݣҪԼֵӣϳҶȵݣ߷ǵĳۣҲ΢΢󣬵ҶȣԶԶǣһɽţĸ߲㡣
Ҷȣ½ִϣÿˣԾɽŵĺĵӣ״ӣ
Ҷ֣߶·ÿӣʦܣʦǣҲõģ֮βƣ棬೬ǿڽЭһܵǿߣ
Э
Ӷڡ
Ҷȿ߸֣ȥ֣Ǹ޷ͻƽɱˣûúϢΪӦͻ¼ϿʼԴӡÿλ߲㴢䣬δȻ
ಣ
۵ǣһһ󷨡
һ߲㣬ϡߣһ㣬֪꣬شߣҶǰҶϣҪŵԴ
ǸÿˣܣΰСֿȥһߵ˵
ҶȾ񣬿λ߲㣬Ľ͵λʵǣһɽ綯ңǿ߳û½ȡԴеǿߣ޷ģţȻɴûУЩǿߣһɽ糹׽룬ﻹƽ֮أţڶ֮УţǱǰ׼ǻ𣬶ʱ׼һɽǨƳȥţһɽ꣬ȡٵԴЩԴŽ
ԭ
һɽ绹δң֪һţû⵽ϮҵϵľߣδȻ
ߣҶȵĳԶ⡣
ȥɣǻҪСһ㣬ҷӣ־ĿʼҡΣͷųеĵӣûȡԴ˽ӳȥϾһɽţӣǲżŲãǲ֪ŵǿΣǱȻȿǵĲţ棡𣿡
Ҷ˵ڣÿ߲㣬
µĲڵˣڲҡ
Ͼȥ죡һ߲㣬¶ǰδеľȥ·һ޴Ľ硣
ʦܣ
Ҷһվգ𽥷ʱһӰӰֳ
ʦ㣡ҶһΪξֶ죬ӦˣֻһֱûȥӴ
ξһ£Ҷȵ꣬ڵ򣬼Ĵ磬ҶЩİ
ִʩҲͬĵģЩĵӣҲвڶҡ˵ЩżţûжõͨӣԴΪ󣬻ЩŵӣҲ뱣
ҶȵͷѰʱڣҪòֶͬΣΪִϣٻ֮ȨİɣʵڲУ̳ȥЩǿߣĨɱˣ
Уһɽ೬һŵҡҲǷ˷ɽ磬Ӵ磬ű뱣أѹʵʵڲУͻعɽ磬粨ȥٻҲԣǲɳΪͷŶ뿪ˣţȴڶУ㲻ǿпӣ
ξ񵱼Ҷȣ˵ĨɱУǾǣ֮ڣ˵ڣǶ٣Ҳ޷ƿŽ磬һɽ磬ܵѹƣ統ڵɽ編ѹȣҽ֣ɱҷһΪЩ٣һɽ磬ȴ⽻֣ͨ˭κε㣡
ˣֶȻҪڶУֵ͵Ҷȵͷ
һһɽ֮䰵пӣʲô⣬ʱһ֮ҵȥɽ
ξ˵꣬תͲˡ
ҶĿȥŵһߴУֽӡơ
ϣ
Ҷȵʩ
Ҷʼֶ̫ȱµķӡ粻飬ҲԴԴϣΧǿУʩչǿ˵пܣƽɱ
ǿߣȥͽ޹
Ҷڣһƿɱ֣
ǲһҶϲڣǿΧЩǿߣڣʮȫɵɣɶָ
ҶѲӴ֮ʡ
Уӣ˽ۣǶڻرҶĿ⡣
ҶѲһ磬ִһֺĵӣȥΧѲȻŽֶʱ֮С
ڼ䣬Ҷȼͨӣû˼ԿΪ̫Գ۵ĹȻѾǿҵס
ʶΪֶ죬ԶЩǿߵĶ֡
һţѾƿؾ棬ʵʲôûиı䣬ЩӣѾЩ֣˵ĨɱǷݣֶΣʼת˵ģ˽ȼգǣ
Ҷʱ֮УһЩĵУÿӵɫԼ뷨Ҷȶؿ


1347 ߣ
ҺûܵѹȣЩڣһһʽ˲ƿֶĽ硭
֮С
Ҷ޷һɽţΨһ䣬Ҫֶ죬߳
ʱǿĸӦӦԼ֮һУΪͨǿնԸӦңԶľ롣
һɽ磬Ǿɽ磬ĸӦֲҪܵѹƣӦһ־ǲκηѹȵġ
ϴβž״֮£йģɽ綯Һʱȴû뵽һɽͻأ㱬ⳡ½ĶȻ֮Уıɽľ桭ɽѾ붯ʱ
ҶȰֶһжӦÿӵۣÿӵԼĽӡţһУһС޷ӹĳͨ

ֶ򣬴Լ֮ңһɫ֮С
һƬ׳ɽۣ֮Ưһƶξһһ
ֶ֧Ԯ
̻Ի͵Ĺ֮УվżǿߣϷһλӣһλ꣬ڴһ·һǿĿ⡣
ˣɫģֹȣ
һλǿ˵꣬λˣͷޱ˵⣬ۼˣ˲üһѪ
ڣŵû£ѪҲãͣˣǰ²ֶ磬ȷЩ֣λˣɸһЩ֣
ȵֶһЩۣûУ˵ڣһڶûУһ
ʱԱλˣȻֳ˻Ҫ򾲵ɫְ˼򣺡磬ֶ챾ǳһţ޽֮أδͲöԸģֵϴνҴӳͷ֮ӳм𷴿ߣһͬߣֵܣһưһǲȥ޽֮أɽ磬ȡ㹻ԴǿΪٻع޽֮زˣ
ЦЦʮֿģѹʧ꣺ܺãͷ֮Ѻķߣ֮ͨˣֵܣˬӦǣǺú½緢һʺƣǶһɽ磬칬׷ңֵܷƵľͻᣡ
ǵһȣһλ֣ȥֶķվת뿪˹

ֶ
֮۵ĽҶһĴ֮ϡ
һЩһ߲㣬һЩ½ĺĵӣۼΧ͸磬ԼΧ֣ƺż
һλĵӵϣ֪ôһ£ǰǿƺû˼֪ԮҲ
һ㣬֮ǰܻһƽʱ򡭡Ҷȿˣ˵һѰ˼Ļ
ԣ½ȻϧţȻҪõԴſȥһѰ˼Ľ취
Ӧò٣
Ҷһƣ˲ſʼȻ
˭ҲûʶưոݵҰޡ
Ұޣõʳǲȥġ
ҾĵȴɣϲԺȻʮգҶ־񣡡Ҷȵһȣ֮УԼ·ա
Ҷϣ
һòϢŮӣҶߡ
ҶһƳȴϫӡ
ʦ㣬£ҶϫӲˣһͬɽ罻ᣬһͬɽ磬һͬ״ӣԼʮȻصͷ
ϫѲǵǸոսڵĳۣ֪ͨʲô취ȻҲﵽΪҪ̤ڡ
ķЩĵӣƺڹҥ˵Щ޷סΧ֮ĻҪģ
𣿡Ҷȹһ֪ģ
ϫӲż˵ֿ꣬ķһֵڱ㣬ų㣬˵㲻ʸΪִϣ˵޷ʤΣҲ޷վǺǣ֪ͣһͬɳĸӵгֶΣ㣬ңʦ㣬ʦ֣ӵгֶεˣһɽ磬Щڽ֣˿·磬ǻɽѹƣǷڣڽ֣
ĸǰ˵ˣĸ˵Ҳ뵽ˣо仰˵ĺãѲڣǻСģʦ㣬Щ꣬ʵѾﵽڣϲϲ
ҲǵõһЩˣʦܲҲһپͳΪִϣЩһͬɳʦãЩӦԶԶ㣡
ʦĻְֻڣʵҲ⵱ϣ֪дŵʱô꣬ɽ罻֮ұһֱǿʵҲнʵˣҲˣԡ治ǯҵв
Ǻǣʦܼ˼˼뵱ִϣ벻أҾȸǣȥ·󷨿һ
ϫӲǰǷĮǶһ׵Цݡ
תȥЩ˷ʣҲԽԽףգ޷ԽССĳ
ҶȻ룬ָ׼š
δȻȻá
ǿ
ĺȻ֮䣬¡
ڽڲĵǣͻȻһһƬɫϢһƬƣԦ
ǿߣ
ˣ̼ס˺
Բʵȴӵһٵĸ߶ȣǸ˲ţǸ
ҶȻɫĸӦüͷһôɣϴγһٵۣԳͷ֮ķߣΡôһԳͷ֮ķߣ
ʣˣڣǣӳͷ֮ӳķߡ
ЩӳķߣʱڣΪһһָòֻ࣬ǲ֪ھɽ绹޽֮أ֮һ֣ӦǱ˾ɽǧ֮СҶһĨЦ⡣
ȻǷߣôͺܸˣԺҪͨݣټ˷ķߣһͬ칬
ڣԶһͲˣϴٵۣǸþҶҲһˡ
ֶţǲɡɡΪѣڱǰ̫Сˡ翹ֻ·һ
ʱǺУֳһһΧ𳬼ۣͳͳңΪ
һɱδĥŵò˿ʼҡ
ֶڣӣǰɭ
˵գ򷢳֮ǿɲǵǿߣǱ󣬻жٵĴڡѾ޷ľͷӱǶ١ЩϣԶ򿪽磬ֻֿӶԴɱǣǼֿȥǱṥƽ磬һ

ڣϰϰ
Եľ˵ͨӣ½ĺĵӣ֣Ӷˡ
ʱ䣬粻ʧǱԶ֣ɱÿˣΪе꣡˼һ
ৣ
һ̣ӣкĵӣĿҶϡ
ҶȵһЦΪмһץֳ͸״ҶֱӿװŪˣб£Ͷְɣִֶϣ˴ԲѣӣڶѣҪ۸Щӣ֪޽֮أ֪٣ǵԲΪ޽֮أ˵㣬һݶ㲻ϣ˵㣬ƨһǳƤ죬½ҫˣ


1348 
Сӣ˶Ȼŭ
ȻŰӣô֣Ǻε衣
꣡

Ȼ
ɱžգҶⷬŪֶӣʵ̲סЦֳƿ죬ǴģϽ罵ٶִϣϽ֮ˡ
ǡеױȵ
ˡȼ磡
ĵӣһҲ
ԷǸɽǿߣʵǿĪ⣬һҶȲ˶Էӣǳ⣬Ҫ
һŮӣ½ޣʱٴΰҶȣвʱһĨɬ
ǺˣΪߣȻһˣߣȴһֱ侲СӣڱӷԭӲм֣ȺϣʶôȻˣֻܽȫĨɱ
б£Ǿɡֶ죬þɽţɢܣ޷ԸĻʲôһţеӣҶȻ֮ϣĿƿӡ
ǣ
ٿ
еӦ磬ʼӿ֮УΧɫâӵ䡣
һȺϣɣȪ֮
¿ɶŭˣҲֳǿߵɱԸ񣬵һ֮⣬˫ֵմһµΪƣѹѹسƯȥ

ƺ뱦ײһʱǳУ˵֮
ˣ
ӣʱоԼĽ£ڵأȻڶҡǡҡڡ
찡
ĵź𾪣ǺεȻ̵ܺĴڣѵͷ
⣬ھͷȻдʵһǿߣһȭƿһ򡭡
ÿӣ鶼סˣҶȵƽּʱ𣺡֮УҲƿľͷͣͷ˵ʲôǽҲ֮Уɳǰľͷ
ԣСӣû뵽ƻĵֶΣǱ޷⣬Ȼʱ򣬻ǹԻЩϣˣˣƿ򡭡ֶ𣿡
ΪȣעҶȵĶһϷʱͣסӡֶȷǾɽ糬һţ㣬Ҳϣûʲô˵ģ˵ھɽ磬һɽ磬˽⣬ھɽֶ֮УûжٵĴڣҲ١У½ҲǱĶ֣ԡֶ֪ѣֻɳС㣬һΪڣǣǿ֮ĩˣ
ҶȰ͸ɱ˵ȷѲǰ򾲣ֶ̣ܴĦģɣҺڴ㵽ܹܲŵķ
ãȪ
һֹʼˡ
һˣһˡ
˫ּᷨӡһɹƺ֮С
֮ϣγɽȻͬ籩ƺͷŵıâǿвġ
ˣ
ȻڲϵҡڣֶӣɫпԿǾ
ͷ£Ǹоˣǿٵصľͷܣͷŵ
һ֮ͷĶֻЭܶԿУλӣǵδǵļ֮Уŵǿ󣬲һ֮أԼδ뿿ԼŬȥȡְɣ
˵زҶ֪˵̫࣬ҲǺôִϸ񣬾ǾܵģһЩҡӵĵģϣǲҪʧȥֶϣǵˣǵƿֶС
ǣͦѹأӭµĴ졣
Ҫ˵ɣСӣϰıԴⱾǱҲҪÿһۣ
ֶĲˣһӿˮҪֶ磬ǣƺɵǺ
һӣΧ𳬼ۣҡ
Ȼ󣬷׷׼Լ˵ķӡ֮У˵ˣ𳬼ۣںϵҲԽֶӡ
ֶ죬ûıԴΪԴôͻˡ

ǿߵƣֳ
𳬼۵ں֮ͨУʱסƺȻΪܼƣпϯ⺮ÿһϯȻͰһ֡
֮ڲ֮ͬÿӣ˺־ġ׷׶һ̣
Ʋϫӵˣһ
λǷʱ򣬺ʹңһͬѹذɣ
ͨӣ߶ȻȥʵĶ֣¶
ԣҶȿ½ʮ𳬼۵ӡ
ǣ
ΣŰӣÿۣʼ߶ӡһʱ롣
һʱ磬ʼӿ䡣
䡭
ֶĺĵӣչֵʱֳ⣬ʼͷҫ۶ĿĹâ
⣬˲飬ʧӭǿȹ̵Ľ֮ƺʼ
һʱ䣬ƺ޷ǰһ
û뵽ôǼĥǣҪϢһᡭȱָʩչǿ
˺ȻֹͣʩһˣƯһǿա
һ£ֶӱý񾭣ʼһһи
ҶȻеӲҪһֵϢΪ
ֲסˣǿ߶޷ɳȥֻ·һǻӳȥͶǡ
ǰȫϣǿߣֲ̫ˣ򶼻顭ǡ֮أ
ֶڲ
Ϣĵӣʱ˿̣ΪԺԶ޷ǿߣһĻ
ǣȻһ˵Լ뷨
Ҽֶ죬ֻ֮꣬أɲɥڴˣ
ǲߣߣ
һֵӣƺ֮ǰã˵ӪУĵ뿪
ಣ
һЩԥĵӣҲ׷׸ȥ
ѾĪסˣҲסġ
ֶκһһκεӶԻӲҶȵķۡ
ٵһһ뿪ֶ죬Ҷֻҡҡͷһ̾ϢȻһĨ֪һ̤򣬱Զûδ
澳δȴ澳֮ʣҵҪģӣж˼ֵΪϣҿǼ
ֶ죬Ҷ˵ȻΪֶ첢δжĹϵʵҲ޷ָĹϵ
ˡҶֶ̤һ̣ٻ뾸ˡ
ڣ֪ԼݣҪԵֶ۵ڴ
ˣֶеĵӣѾͲסˣ
֮⡣
һǿߣߣ˷ܵ
֮УЩһɽˣļڵĺ˵֣û㲻ˣֶȷԵһ֣ûûκε̵ȴֵܼز
һ¶ǽݣɣȻ¶ɭɭЦݡ


1349 Ҵڰ
ʦ㡭
ɽ磬ֽ磬һʥֵӵĵС
һӣͷŵĺƵ׹
ǣֶسϡ
Ҳֵӡ

ȻۣǰȻһٻӰӰʵ
߳ģһۣȻξ
ʦ֣ɽţʱҪػξ뻪˵ȫͬȻһݾ⡣
վһɫۣûһɻؿξ񣺡ʦţԳݣֵֽΪڻûʦֻھţһسϣ
ְȻ⣬ϧţس϶ڣֻôλڶ챾Դ֮У㣬ΪʦһֱڵѰʱ̣Ҫ棬֮ΣܳӻӦ֪һɽѿӵϮһţһٸ֣һһٸ֣ڣһɽţعȥ𣿡
ٸ½ȥˣ
ֻڣҪ㣬ȻҶʦΪִϣһɽ磬ʦ˼Ҷʦܱ¶šͷ£ҲΪһĴڣΪ׷ʦߵġӡ
ҲΪӣǱ𣿡
ȻУڵʵѾﵽһٸ߶ȣɽţŵ˵ѾԽңΪǿĪҲʦĿǶ󣬿ϧ츳ϧˡ
ӣֻһӣʱ¶ŵģ
ξʦӣνʦҪһܿ飬ġŵͬţɽǲӣδֶɽ𣬶Ī޷֣޷ͼįշҡԣҪ½ȥҶʦܣΪңҪɽţھɽţǾͲõģû˿Ƶʦµ
ȻˣҰ½ȥҶʦҪһʱ֣ΪӣǲӦñ¶ģ
ڵͷſʼӦξ֮ǰһֱξġ
ֶ죬ܷξˣδйش飬жǾξֱ⡣
ಣ
ξһͲӰ
Ҷȡû뵽ɳȵزѩյ¡ɵۡĪԿЩϵӣδʦСźεȵʦУ
һʧһڴ멣ͷϣ߶һ⣬Ԧʧ

һɽ磡
ӣֻ·һ
ֶ¶ˣһУȻɳһֶӣԽԽࡣ
ǣ˽˺ֶ˽Եѡߡ
ˣܻΪԼѡеһк
һͷһĪԸıһС
ѾӡŶȥ
һŮӣúɴ棬Ưڰӳһֶӡ
Ǹߴǰ𳬼ۣҲδĴڣصķǿߣҲδôһˣ󷽷Ưǿա
ξ
ƯǿգȻûһˣԿ
ʦ㡭
ͬһ޷˿ӣξԱߣֳҶ㡢Ϣ޵գֶξ
ξҶȣָڵ򣬶Ҷȶɱ֣Ǹİ֪Ҫʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦѾξһҲİֶΣЩϷɳĵӵͬĨɱңĨɱĪһҪĨɱ𣿡
ξϢͬһ䣬ңûϢҶһ޵ĺܣáлȥ𣿡
ȻûУ㵱꣬ĨɱҡңŵҶ˵һζĻ
ǼʮֵزʦãΪǼĪԿʦܣͬеϢĪԿʦܣõһֲȱУʹù֪ĪԿһŵ壿ɽ磬ΪߣѾϡ٣ߣǴ֮УȡԣһΪߣиٵˣǿʢҵõһڳһŵʮش󣡡
ĪԿʦܣںϲȱΪߣѾ˵ֳ֣֪ͬɵ磬δйһֵͬĪԿʦһõ꣬ؽԽߣܣǱ֪ȥ֪پͷҪӵеһ㣬㵱˽Դһ壬ţδǺȡһı֪Ŵв
ҴϿ˲޷ԦףԡҪĨɱ㣡ξ渵
ҶȺȻ鹫˵һиࣺΪΡֿϷŹң
ξüչĿУ·͸һʹâΪǱһУͷֻһЩ΢С£磬ĸߣ˷ӶԴ
·ӵĵӣҶʵЩδã
ȻҪĨȥΪ

ξ˵꣬˱㻯Ϊһʹâա
ҶƯգ·еӴķɳΪֶ죬ֶ֪ôžѧЩɢȥ
֮⣬ǿУһЩֶӣطԶӳˣߣ뿪Ƿ֮أ
һ£
ߵĵӣԽԽ࣬ǰһЩӣȻһӰӾͷ֮У𽥵طӶ
ӰһλŮĮֶ죬ѧһͨѣȴѡ롢ţҴţͽǣȥһΪĨȥǼ䣬ţ
ͷһһǿߣǿݺᣬȻֶӣǲʧɫ㣬˭
˭ҪҲֶֻӰˣϧǵδѾᣡ
ӰƳһԲƮ⡣
ӣ
ѵӣֲ֮ڵĿռ䡣
һ̣ǿʼ˷ȥǵٶȣȻţһ㣬ʹâΧ֡
ɹţϾѧڣЩһţ֣Ǻĵĵӣڿʹâ
ǰǵһĨɱţǵԸֻһţȻܴߣ
ӰͻȻָһץ
ಣ
ʹâȻֶӣһزסӿԺǿͨԪ֮УϵγɷӡȻһһը
ţһӣƺո˯ѣһ㣬֪˺£֪Ϊգңʧȥʼǿѹƣ֮壬Ȼܣǿά
Ҵڰ
ԶҶȾضŸղһĻ
ʱ˿̣ξ˵˼
ֶ꣬ڼ䣬жٵΪɣ뿪ֶ죬³ͬЩӣһһξԳĨȥ䣬նɱ
йĵطкڰ
ֶǹģڰξһȥеڹڰ֮䣬һڲͬصŮӡ
е½ӡȻʦȥЩˣҽҪ취ƿɱ֣˿ģԳͷ֮ķߡȻ½ҽᣬΪã
Ҷתٶξڰжֶ죬о࣬˲Ϣصڲ


1350 칬ִ֧Ԯ
ڲ
ǿߣֹ˵ɫ磬ϵظѹơᣬֶĻ̡̻
д룬δѡΣһ̣ߡ
Ҷ룬񷣬취Ըǰˣ֮ˣٵĴڣȻ򵥣һ뷴߾һ
֪жٷߣ¼ӣ
ߣ
˵һӡ󣬱칬˵Ĵڡ
Ҷ뿪ͷ֮磬ɽɳУ˵ۼ칬٣󲿷ˣʵΥ֮
ɷɱ˷Ż𣬻Ѫծۡ
ĳ˵ҶǾߣ칬شҲųһЩײС֮
ϣǶ࣬ʵ̫󡭡
֮
һߣ׷Ҷȳʱ
Ҷȴʱվڽ⣬ֶһôϵشӸ߿սãأδӸ߿أȫע֮ڡ
ԽԽʱ취ԸЩǿߡͷŸӦҶȹȻִ󲿷ֵӣĵò࣬½ĺĵӣҲʮƣ
ҶһЩ߲㣬һ໥֮ͨʡ
ĺȻ䣬֮ǿգͻȻһɺȻ쫷
ͻͻͻ
·о޴ƬƵģ䣬˲䣬𶯵ǿУֳһ־޴ʥ⡣
ã
ΧЩ֣ˣȻջ˫֣ƺʼâѹ
Χг۾ۼǿߣΧΧŵؿʥ⣺ˣʲô
ͫȻ󣬴ſɵĺ⣬ˣ칬ִߣϿ쳷룡
ʲô칬ִߣ
һ֧ԮɵڣӰҪǱץסֻ·һ
ŵһ֣Ͻҫ칬ִ߼֣ŵøɥ֮Ȯβͻ˷ֶ
գһȻ֮ͬףǿգ֧Ԯֶ죡
ɱ
ɲǣˮ칬ִӿǿգм֮࣬ȻǴΪǰ϶㲻ϣһɽ磬ͬܵѹƣҪԸڣҲûа취
칬Ŀ־壬𳬼ۣߣ칬ִߴ˷ɱΧǿգʱչҽ档
ֶ죬칬ִߣʥͣŶɹΣѣɽ簲𲻷칬ִߣŽٶ
ǲδչΧɱֶ֮ϣһ֮һһϳһӲӵ칬ɱ¾ȥ
һʱ䣬ǿ칬ۣա
칬칬
ֶڲ
еӻȸԾػĽ磬׷֮գΣ֮ʣ칬ͻȻɱֶΧӣЩ֮С
칬ǳʱ벻ֶʲôı䡭
ҶȻӷվһ֣Ѹ߲ټ칬ִǰЭҲҪһλϴɱȥмǣҪǽ֣󷨣Ըǣһɽ磬ܵѹȣ󷨺ϻ֮üɵЩۣ

һ߲㣬кĵӣʱ֪ƺҲˣҶ˵꣬ʼӿ
ҲãЩ鷳£Ըǰı֮ˣЩˣ»ֶ죬նݲҶֻ£˼ţһֶõƣҪ֣Щıǿߣչ׷ɱ
ʦܣ
һٻӰһµξسҶߡ
ҶΧԶвٵĵӣûˣξĳ֡
ʦ㣬ҪˣĵӣвٰɣҶȲȣҲоͻأ֪ξ
ʮ˰ˣϧһЩӡ󲿷ˣЩѰӣû˾ûˣ֮ǰȥ˶ءɽ磬Żδ¼ڶءؿɵĴţʥɽܹ
ξΪˣģǼĮȻɫǺȻһ裺칬·׼ʱ䣬ͬʱɳ칬ִߣɽ磬½׷׶âҲи칬Կɽ磬иΪԪǿߣ칬ɱ˼غϣ칬ã
ԪȻս칬ǸҶʮֺĿ⡣
ξķĵɽ磬Ȼû涯ҷ෴칬Ҳʼټʵ󲿷ˣǴŷţӶ£ʦܣ»Ҫһɽһʱ䣬绹Ҫǿϣܰѽٴ㷨ӡ
ʹҪʰߣΪãȻҪһɽһʱգû⣬ɽ㣬칬Ҳı䲻˶ƣʦ㣬׼߻ϮŵĻ֮ˣ˲ð
¾㰵г֣ʲô鷳ʱңɳһλ֣жɽ磬ʲôҪһϸ
һλ֣
͵һξʲôˣʵɲ⣬Ҷһֱδһ۸ڶ
ܱΪֵĴڣôһǡǳ֮ˡ
Ҷ̫ˣֶӣΪִ߳ϣһһƿأΪߵģҲǼڣһЩڣȴӵʵĺĵӣƵϸ֣ȻǶٴڡ
٣һĵơ
ɽ綯һ⵽ϮֶҲҪʱ򣬴ƣѹ֮ҡ
ĪҪǿ
Ҷȶһξವʧ
ҶҲûȥʣǸ˭ֻҪԷΧҪʱǸݣȻˡ
֮жٸڰҶָоࡣ

֮⣬칬ִû찵أΧֶӽ󷨣һͬԸǿС
Ҷһֻξǵȸ֣ܿϢ뿪򣬳սһ
ƯգҶȵǰսֻһˣǸΪߵˡ
Ҷüͷһ壺ǸˣһֱûͷϢȻǸǿߣ칬ִߣô᲻֪ݡȷǲСЩߣûһֶΣҲ޷ڳͷ֮ڣ
һ浹칬ֳִ칬ʵ칬һȻͷſɽ籾Դ΢΢ںϵӵгԽһɽ̫ԣ칬ִԽˡ
ÿˣҶ㣬ӷӵгԽͨ
ǣ칬ȴҲӵͨȻҶȣҲʮֺˡ
ˣ
սգڣǿߣնɱ˴룬˾Ȼͷԣ˲߶һͨĶߡ
ৣ
Ҷȵһʯ䣬ϿգʱѾԶս뿪ֶ
˵ùʱ򣬺ˮҧͷִߣģ칬Ǽɵ칬ĸ֣ƾЩϺзӼ¾ͳˣ
ٶһЩû˸٣ʡֵʵǿ̫࣬ͶʣͶԪҪǿԪȻǶٸ֣Ǵ̫ԵҵආԴߣξʹżλֵܣֵܺú½һʣȴᣬɱ߲ɽ磡


1351 Ϣ
ϧҪԴڽ١Ԫɽ磬ӶôԴŻһֲƽ֮ϧʵ̫ǿ޷õֵҲֻһٸ֣Ԫ֣ǰԪӵǵȲϢ͸¶½ǿߣǿԱգһǶ֮𣿡
˵Խ޷ȥŭ𽥷һǿ֮С
ԪԭҲһ𷴿ߣǶ٣ڳͷ֮磬߾ˣһҪͷ֮ô󣬵ʱҲûлᣬԪٵ۵ȵȷ߽Ӵ
ƾ賬ӦҶȲˣһҲҶһֲ䡣
ڣҶе޴ĺˡ
ΪԪȻõһֿƽ֮ı
֮ǶٵĴҲǴ
ž粻ɽ֮Խǿʢգ٣ûʵɹٴﵽ֮޷ѹʱô֮ʱ
پͷ취⡢ѹڵĶɽ֮
磬һ𣬲ѹ֮ɴﵽҲˡ
Ͼָ
󲿷ٸ֣ӮʡԪаһֻ̤б֮ĥһ³ޱȡ
ԪȻõһ֣ǿߣ֮͵ر޷š
ͭƻҪ٣ҡ绹гƣٵѹأõԪеıǣ
ȻҶȸо½籩ңһδûᡣ
ȶٸ֣ҶоŴ٣ʲôֵܣ٣ֶʵҶɵ磬ʵȻһС
ǰһڣȻжٵϢֹ𣬶𡭡
˷˼죬ȻǰһƬݽߵ
һſƻƶ㣬Ưǿ֮С
ƬǿϡҶͷŸӦռ֮У֮٣ΧûʲôֵطȻҲˣԣһصĺõط
ſݽ룬һ򣬱Ѿʧȥһɡһ򣬵ǿһκֻ³ֻдɲʸЩݽȥ
ڶ볬˵ݽ򣬵ǿһֻҪÿռ󷨣ƶ㣬㡣
ǿߵ̬ȡ
ܿ죬ҶȾ˽ݼ
ʧȥԴڲǻĮŵĳƯš
һƺǺľ޴ݵϿգƯһɽƺһɨնϣƯݵϷ
ಣ
˴ԶžշոҪɽʱڲɳһȺǿߣǳۣˣʮֹɽС
ɽ崦м޴ɫʯ
ХգӰ𽥽ʯϿգҶȴ̴ֳ߶Ӧʯ
Ȼһٶ𳬼ۣپͷһɲ޽֮أʲô㲻ϣ
һӦ֮ҶѶʯд˽⣬ǣһٸ֣һӵڳͷ֮磬ܵͷδ׻綾̷ֱֲǽ֮С
ԣһӳͷ֮ӳķߡ
Ҷ𽥿٣ڵʯ
𽥣һ˵ʯ𣺡֣ô˵ǰ˶칬ִ֣֮
˿Ц֮΢΢Ǽɵ칬һȭֶ飬˭뵽칬ͻȻ֧Ԯֶ죬ֶ칬Ԯ֣֡ӶֶԴ²ף
ԭ˽ʱ򻹳ǿֶ磬ܴģˡһϯҶһ֮ԱǣΪм
򾲵ذοΪһţȻأԴϧˡ֣칬һɽ磬ҲΪ棬ֻҪû±ңֵܣò״ӳͷ֮ӳĿģֻʱ½磬ӶԴƸȥ޽֮أҲʱֶ޷֣ǾһĿǣ
֣λֵܣǺʱǵ֣ԸһĿ꣬ʱ䲻ˣЩǿ½½ţɷ⣬˶Ҫҧһڣһλ
֣ǼոԪöһЩʱ䣬ʱ䣬ϸҲ֪ԪѺĳͷ֮УΪǿߣ׼Ǹӣ칬֣ëҼˣһɽ磬֮أ
Ԫִڣ٣һֱ̤٣ѹ֮ʵѾ٣ȴҲ½һΪǰãõǼѹ֮ıĪǡ˻½磬٣
֮ɲܵɵѹȣɽɽ٣ֻһô½ͷ̫٣ܵв٣
˵ˣ֣ҵȺúϢǼλֵܸӶһţ
ٺ٣û⣬½磬޵еĴڣ칬˭Ҳں
ǿЦɢʯھû˵
ҶջظӦ˼һᣬʵѾһ٣Ĵһٸ֣ս⡣
ʵȥܶ顣
ҶǱһʯ֮У߶ͨһڳۣͨ龻֣˼֮С
ԭˣֵܣᡭһͬӳͷ֮ӳǿߣʱȺǱ޽֮أָΪǰþ½ʼӶԴ
ȡҶ׼Ȼɱδ˼䣬Ҷȴʯɳյȴֻᡣ
ҪȺˣһ򾡡
һȣǰꡣ
ʱ䣬ֶѾƽ¹滮֮УҶʱʱξͨһŵĸ߲㣬ʱʱ̿עֶ춯

һӰӻķ߿սٶ
Ҷ߳գ߿գӰƶڡһ١ϣгͷ֮ϢԭǷߣֵȴĸ֣
˲䣬Ҷȸˣٴοʯ

ʯǰֵԳӭҶҲһμĿٸ֣ߡ
˲Ϣʮֻ㼯һ
һپͷڵǿߣٸ֣ˣǴӳͷ֮ӳķߡ
ǴһϢ
˲ʯո𷴿УΨһһһپͷһѮߣȲֵ
Ϣһ
ڰҶȣҲ治ѣһһٿ˵ϢǺ䶯ɽĴ¡
Īǣɽַ˶ң
ֲ룬Ҷͷ
Ԫòãܵų⣬ΪһپͷȻӡҺּʱ֮ǰһԪߵĺѣ͵͵͸¶һϢ
Ѯߣֳ֪ǿٱƣֵ֮ܽһ£㻳ź⣬ɭɭ˵
뿴ߣ˵֣֣
֣ķ߽ÿˣǰãһϽСӣһСɣ֪ǸСɵʦȻһٴڣʱͽ׷ɱСӣһɽã֪ʲôʱգȻʮƯһԨ֮УǸԨŵԣ


1352 Ԩ
ʮ
Ԩ֮Уԣ
ֵܡԼپͷڷߣ֮С

ɵɲضǣˣﵽ٣ſܵõһǾͷÿˣǶ
˭Ϊ֮͡
֣շ߿ˣ̾Ϣֻ֮Ԩ׽룬ССʦȻΪڵѪ𣬿ʼ취жȡǿԼ޷ԨģѰҰ֣ܣشԪĶ䣬Ԫ׼ǰǴϵʱա
¶̰Ŀ⣬ƣƶôһ˵õǶٸ֣һͬܵһɽ編ѹȣҵ濹ⲻ⣬֮ǰǼɵʵڲȥ޽֮أ֮ս
ֵ˼ţ༸ڷߣĬ֧֣ǿߡΪס
ʿˣ¶־Ԫȷǿ󣬹ؼ˻Ǹر֮ˣǵԶҲŹǣ칬ִ߶ӲӲûʲôģδ֮º˵Ȼʵǿ󣬵ֲԶһΪǶȣǵõҲȥ޽֮أѰҾͷӻԪپͷᲢٲ̫󡣡
ڡͬˣһͬԸԪһͬõһһɨˣȻ֡
ž
һһ֣档
ȻǸϢԿռ䡭
ʯ֮⡣
ҶԶʯ߿գ·һ㵣˻ʱʥ磬ɽ֮УδŹʲô֮Ԩ
ʣ֮ԨĴڣһشܣʥĴڣ߶޷˳̤У˵йһܡ
ȻܵνԴǶʱڣ
ֻһɽ磬Կռ䣬ȷЩ֣һɽ磬ֵЩٸ֣ԪҪܵѹȣҡߣԴںϣܵѹȣǵһ룬ԣ½ʵҪﵽڣ˭ҲҵĶ֣
ԪϵõǼƽ֮ı֮ԨͳͳҵģҵĻˣ
λǲ˾ӣҶҲʲôʥˣǿӶԴɱ¾ΪʲôͲܴУȡԴҪĥˣС㣬Ҳľͷľ񣡡
ҶѾҪվڱ󣬶˳֣õ֮ԨĿ껹Ԫӵеⱦ
½磬ܷѹȵˣ֮٣پͷ½磬Ҳһܵѹơ
ʣֻǵõɽ籾ԴںϾԴˡ
ҶȣߣںϾԴдǧͼԣ½磬ҲҪͷϡ
ಣ
쵯ָ
ĺȻ䣬ʯڣɳһϤϢֵܡ֣շߣԼˣԼʮˣٵĴڡ
٣ôڣ½磬ݺ޵С
Ҷû뵽ЩżϾͳȥѰԿռ䣬̴߶һ˺Ϸ˵ԴǧͼߣԪҶҲδ߶ʩչ
ԱǿʵٶȣһɽԴﵽ˵ĵزٸһɽٶȣ¡
ɽӵ磬ǻ췭ظ𶯡
֮ԨȻڼΪأԼϵʱա
ȻҶ˺󷽣ϵطУ꣬δĿĵأѷһɽЩ޽֮صĹʱա
ƬʱյģʧȥԴġ
ַһ꣬ȥ˿ʼѰǿ硣
ǿգȻյȻϮס籩ȵȣＫΪʧһɡĹʱա
һƬĹʱգҶȷǿգȻȻɵģǸֱӹǿգγɵѷ죬Ȼѷ޷ʧٶȺܻŻγĶ㡣
Ҷǰÿ˶һǰ׳۵ĶǿգţκζҪӦøӹĪйĶǵս˴սȻͨˣҲǸǿɵģĪϹħս
˵ħսɵʷ֮Уֹһηÿħսսڲͬʱգָħսսаսȵȡ
һжҶ뵽ģԭ򣬾Ͳö֪ΪӶǿУҶδоϢħϢϢͳͳûУǱ룬ֻʣɵϢ
ֲԿռδɽйţʥһżȻ룬ܳɵ磬Զ⸴ӵУ
ҶȽǰһˣѼ֣շߣֳһͼٶȻƺһ߷УһѰҷλ
һٶȣȥ
ҶҲ޷ȥѰ֮ԨĸӦҲûϣΪǿգȫѿģϢһһ㣬һǿգһ磬ҶҪѰ֮ԨҪӦǿա
ĿǰҶȣ޷ġ
Ŷ
ããȴĳһ졣
ҶȺȻֵܵٶȼӿˣǲǽǿգֱԾһնѿռ䣬˲䣬ա
ǣ
˽նѿռ䣬Ϣʼպɣһһﶼ٣ɵۣ̼ͻᱻȻ֮У꣬ղǱʧ֮С
ৣ
Ⱥһһ߶γһɷ˼ڷ֮УȻʼնѿռǰš
ǸСɵʦǸۣ׷ɱˣɱգСӣҲ󣬸ҶաڶԼԦţ˭֮ˣ׷ɱĺǣ
ҶĸȻͬɽһ㣬ûܵΪʼ߶Դɽ籾Դһӣɽеһ޴ʱλ棬Ҳյ΢Դ
ԣҶȿɵݺᣬҲҪɵеͻȻ
һȺһͷ׵ĶգϷУƹ֪ٶգȻٶ
ţ
Ҷȿûȥۡ
ǿĸӦʱӦǰƺʲôر𲻷Ϣ
һΧգҶȾ;ˣǰʱվ޴ޱȣ·һɣԨȻ·ȥʧһɽ֮޽ش
֣̫ˣƬʱգ˵Ĺϣ˵Ĳ˼飬γɵģҶգճΪȻɣڵʱգҪôɣΪգҪôʱԴѵشնʧָֻõʱգ
ЩĹϵĶգȻûԶϣֱӱѹ飬֮һпռʡ
ΧҶȴĳɻ
ʱǰʮˣֿʼǰУǰĶԽԽ޴
пʼëҶȵͷ֮磬δйĸо߶ȥ￴һжƽôҸоһëȻĲĸоôһ£ΣΣգҪֽʲô´ڣҲ֮زز


1353 粢ʱ
ৣ
֮Уûз籩ûκεֻ䡣
ʮӰڷ£һ鱦ʯƽı֮С
ž𽥱ơ
󷽲ԶҶȽ̧ͷƬ޴ĶʱգѾҪ뿪һɽ޴㣬Ϸ龰Ҷ𺳡
ɽʱλ棬һƽ档
ⷽصʱգĶճƽ֮ϣէȻȥһ޴ӣкСĵط˹ѡ
Ȼ֮
Ҷȸо˼飬֮Ȼûдһѿռ䣬͸ɽʱ֮У͸ôɽ˵һ޴Ļ
ʵ֮ȻûŶѿռ䣬ӿɵʱա
벻ͨ
ùϵԣ
һѿռ䣬·Ϊĵ֮Уֵ֣շðźһǰգǻѽʮ꣬Ѱҵ֮Ԩ
ӦʱƬգҶӵӿּɫΪǱգƵУŵͷų
֮Ԩǲ˼Ķ֮С
ճԽɵ磬֮Ԩڲ򵥣ͷӦ˵
ֵ֣շߵʮˣѶ㸴Ӷգʱա
ҶһҲżȻҵλãҪԸЩˣ׾ˣʲôıͿǿ⡣
߳˲Ϣֳ
ҶȾ͸оգʼ𽥵ںϣ¶ʧպϯսسֳҶȿԿ˿ĴڣȻҲģֻأ߼˿ȥ֪̽ġ
ôоһգ·һ㣬֮Ԩӡס
Ҷȵǰһ޴黨״ѿռ䡣
ϰѿռ䣬һӡ໥ƣγɰշӡӡģ֮Ԩ
ȻгɣϾܰô޴գΪӡǲܵ飬ҶȻԸţһжȻɡ
ǿӦ͸һѿռ䡣
Ϣ١ڡڶУһˣֲ֮ԨΧĶѿռ䣬Ѱ֮Ԩ׼ȷλã
գϢҶȸӦΧڣȻһ˴ģΪҶƿء
ʮ١ΪٵĴڣһ˶ԪЩ˷ֲڲͬռ䣬һһϢͬһˣкü·Ϊ֮Ԩ¿ˣ
˳֣һҶԤ֮Уֵܣ֣Ϊ֮Ԩ
֮Ԩ
ڣӦ͸жѿռ֮УҶȼλжѿռ֮УǾ޴ڲͬĶտռ䡣
һԲΣĺɫʯʯ棬Ҳ㣬ȻŲ˿Ľ͸
Ǳԡ
忴֮ԨԣǱһձġϣΪɵİɣ
㴥֮Ԩ˽ţģ뿿֮ԨնҶϴ߶Դ׵طһѿռ䡣
ҶȻ˰ʱŴѿռʱ֣󲿷ֶҵ֮ԨδȥȺ˾Χ໥ɱΪԴͷţǲýȥ֪ر
棬˱Ұޡ
ΪˣǿߣΪҰʱ໥ɱǺεײСѪȵĳ档
ҰޣҲǰ˺飬ȥΪҰأ
ɱְ취ǰѵ˴ж˿顢ڷΡֻһĥԪӶв࣬Ұޡ
ޣ
Ҷļͷޣ䣬Ư֮ԨΧʬ壺Щʬ嶼ģȲҪԻ˶֣Щʬ壬һˣ
أ
ͻȻðͷСβ˷ذһڣǼС죬䶯ţһޱƿնȥ
ҶȵһϢ߶ԪԴԾսգһṦ֮ԨϷЩɱǿУһˣǶڣѾ׷Ƚ֮Ԩ
֮Ԩ˶Խȥʲô谭
˿̣ҶƯھ޴֮ԨϿգռ䣬𺳣Ѿ˵
Ϣ
֮Ԩ棬ЩطðĲԣСڰսĺɫϢȻǿңҶԸӦǹĴڣκֻǺڰϢֻеѰˡ
Ҷȣõ󴫳УǺڰҶȼϡٵĺɫͿ϶ǱԵ
Ȼһɽ磬һϣ̤Ķǿ֮С
Ȼ򵥣
ҶȼԸ˫һУǣʵʵԸŶǿգһжǿɵģζţЩѿռ䣬һжΪԭġ
ȻɵģһͨӵбĿռˡ
γɵģԵˣǵסŵȿȥһ˵ռԴǿʵû뵽һɽڣ
Ļ
ʲôҲȲԴҶڳս𵤡½𵤺ս𵤾һֱڿٵı仯
½𵤣չܻΪ½𵤣޼˻׶ɣս𵤴ޣ£Եĺڰס
һһڰ
ɵǲӵеģҶڵ̫ϡ½ٶʮֻھȻװĵ̫ˡ
ಣ
²˳٣Ҷ֮̾Ԩ·սѾʮʬ壬ɢգʱʧһȻǱˣ󲿷ǿߣս֮Ԩ
ԡϵԡ
ɲǣҶȳ֮Ԩǰͷ֮ԨӴȻ˿ų⣬ϡٵʮ׾һͬڡ
֮ԨֱΪҶȵһȻ
ûзӡˡ
ʣҶ֮Ԩ֮С

֮ԨԲͬɵ̾ʹ޴ѹҶδ߶̫һͨ״̬£ȻѹشϢ֮Χɫգһ壬ȥܵѹơ
ϴ߶̫һѹΪ̫һԶ뼸Ѽĵ
֮Ԩڵɵ磬֮һ˽ȻҪܵѹƣԣʥ磬Ҫ࣡
һҲռʱ˺ͣ
ҶЦЦٽһҪܵѹƣӰ죬գҶռݵƣԡ
ͣ
ȻǰɫУһѪ
㡭
һӵȥԱ߳һӣȻöУ͵ϮԷһɱɹ
ͷһĿռϢԲ̫ѹƣ˼ıҵˣ
Ӻ飬ľضеһӣȻӶУһöУͱԷü֮С
ҶûȥǣֳѾ޶ãþ׷һˣҶȻûģĵûκע⣬ֻһѰ˶ѡ
ֶѰеѾõһе໥ɱڲԽŨ


1354 Ԫ
Щ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷȿǿߣеõ
ֻҪΪǾԱ
ҶǰŴͬ
˫¹꽣ǳԽһƽ顢ڤеĳɫ
ǰ˵õȻһ˫¹꽣һƷʵ
ô£޽֮أһɽ磬ôƷʣǲġ
зɻ󣬵ҶȻѡ񣬺һֳ֡
ž
һڸ֣ڴһ񽣣ոɱͬ飬ͬУ
񽣵Ĺ⻪Ŀѡ
ϧոջδѪ֮ʣһӰϢߣֻһģ󱳣˾ͱķɰ֮Զ
ǰ񽣣򱻺Ӱ˲ץס
ƷʹȻԣȻûĶ٣ɱ˫¹꽣Ҫõ׹ɵ磬ȻûĥԣܣҲһԣ
̼䣬ͷԣ񽣵֮УҶȾʹƺУоǿҵԣͬУôԣռ䣬һء
ʧȥԣٸ֣޷ָԣΪˣ޷ԦԣͲΪָǰпܣЩپͷϣȻˮڰ֣֮Ӳ˼飬ɽ磬ܴﵽԱʮʲôĴڣ
֮Ҷ봢䣬Ȼɻ棬һǿ߶֣ȡȴûȡǵ
ڵǿߣҶһУܵѹȣҶá
ЩռԸŨңӸ߼
õ֮ҶȾѳԽˣԽ֮Ԩ롣
ΧǺںϵĳֲյһ澵ӣǳâ
ƣ
󣬵Ŀռ䣬ԲĸӦҶĿ࣬ΪӦǰУǿҵԣȻһһơ
Ȼ֮ԨȻγɡ
Щ̫ˡţ
ҶȲδȥȡҪȷǷ񰵲ɱûɱֻһϽƣңҶٴθֲŵɫΪڲУȻһЩġ
ģſԼԦ
ѵһ֮Ԩйϵĵǿ󣬰޷Ԧ󣬶ڲƷӡȻģġɽ磬ѵڣ
֮Уž޴ʡ
ɽδй¼û˼Ϊ󲻿ܳɵ磬֮ԨģһϡĽƣȻǳ֣֮ңķӡҶȸ޷͸
ӦǿΪ̫СڲƷӡԽҶ̫̫ࡣ
ʱһۺһ֣ۣȻ˺Ըм
Ԫ˴Ŀռ䣬ô˭ʸõλԪ˲ŰԵܵõΪǾͲܣ
ҶȰԶĵС
ֵ֣շߣһ˶סԷҲкüǿߣΪ̫ࡣ
һŽ۵ĳˣǶٵĴڡ
˭õ˭ģ
Χмˣǲ˫ʼѰ
Ҷˣ˾ԪȻΪǿ󣬱ͭƻҪ࣬Ƕеٮٮߣ
ԪǼƽɽ֮ıмֵĶֲ̫࣬һһУȥ磬ֶǣõô޷ȹ٣һôԡ
Ŀ֣ҶӦһȥ࿴һۣԪһֵǷӪһԪ̫Ե˽˶ڣ㲻ɣ
ֵ˵ĺã
İҶֵ֣Цݡ
ϣһҲѴ֮ȫĨɱˣ֣ۡᣬ˶˲ţ治Ǹ汾
ԪҶȣһ䳰࿴һۣ½Ǵ˶õģ汾ɣɱˡͥЩ׶ˣɱ˲칬ִߣǣҺΣ
ʴżɵȴԪЦɢˣԪл̧֮ԨӵвҪ̣Ȼ޶ԣ
ԪһЦһģǾͲˡɱͳͳһ
ɱ
߰ٸ֣ʮڣֵɱ˹ȥ
ͣ
һ֮Ѹײڶ֮ƣԪ˳

ԪüͻȻסһɷΧγɣԵѹȣûбþ޴ޱȡ
ȴס֮
Сӣ
Ԫһݣͼ֮󷽣վһ꣬ǱˣǸոԮֵһӪҶȡ
û뵽һϣȻ֣ң˵ͨ޽֮أղһͿ԰ҶȻ
Ԫɱ㣬ӶȻҵģöپͷû뵽ᱻߣɱɣҶȰޱȣɱڡ
Ԫŭ𣬵ҶȣСӣ㵹ǰѷѹȣϣһɽ磬ӳʵֻдʵ԰£ұȻǶ٣˵ĵĻվɱҲ޷˵һëΪʵ
Ҷץһ֮ŶǺãվţҿɲ˵㣡
ûʱ棬ɣЦԪȻ˵ʵðա
ʱһƻΪһӡҶƶȥ
ֻһƣ󲿷ֶǱѹʣµҲ԰ڵǿߣնɱһٸ֣Ҫˡ
ಣ
ȻƸոҶȾԭزˡ
ôܣ
ΪپͷɲǾͿҶȵͨȻһɽ編ѹƣԵĿռ䣬ɵʩչٶȡ
߸Էѹȵ֪
֮ǹ
ҶʧˣԪδعԱߣһ֮ǹʹ̳ƶԵԪ
Ϊٸ֣ԪſʼҶȵˣתֱӵն֮ǹһץƣ
ָ֮ͬǹ
¡
һͬʱը
ȻԷӵڵĵزĲܵѹƣΪڣôһɽ磬ܳԽΪڵ
ǿһԪΪ˻նɱҶϡ
ƫƫҶȵͬʱ飬ԪоһУΪзѹȣ޷ʩչԽڵҲ˵ĹҶȺá
ҶȵһӰ졣
Ƕ٣ҲǣõģҶȿԶɶв
찡СĹ̥
Ԫˣ潻֣ȫԪ£
վֵܡ֣ۡˣ𺳵˵ͻȻðһСӣȻͷ޷ӵеֶΡ
̫ˣְЩնɱԪڲüɵ
֣۴һ
ͬܵѹȣȴնɱٵǿߡ


1355 Ԥ
㻹ʲôͣ
ٿ
Ԫȼս⣬ҶϣһҲûУڲͬһɽ編£һɣҪնɱ
һıԪУƲˣǱӲȣȴѴﵽٵĿ³̶ȡ
̶Ȼᱻѹƣʣᷢ仯
ݣ
ͬƵģѹ£һδ϶֣ǱƽҶʱŷһ
޼᲻ݵҶϷ
ܵѹƣԪҲչֳٶȡ

Ҷػһѹһһ磬һ뽣պ
ٶȣŸ뱾潻桭Ԫգ˳ת󣬱ͬɼҶȡ
֮ǹ
һΣҶȲδ㣬֮ǹ泯ӭȥ

Ҷǿﵽ۷۵֮ǹԪƲ˽£ոײ֮ǹˣȻҶȡ
СӣˡԪ¶ɪЦݡ
ûֶΣǶٿ⣬ǽ֣һЦҶȱ߶ԪԴȻȻʧڴı֮ǰ
ת˲Ԫ󷽣һɫȻ̳콣
ԪҶʧȥĿռ䣬ҶȵĹɱƶһˣȻ콣ˣԪֵһƣһɾ˵ķԴߵı֮¡
ৣ
콣֮ǹһ֣ٷȻǶٸ߶ȣҶȱǶٶ֣οһɽ硣
ʽ
ɵԴڵĿռʩչʲô
ҶںϾԴʩչԪ콣ںϣɲǼ䣬һű˷ΧԪ
ԪȻɱ֮Ƿݸ꣬ѾȥǾͷе侲ĿˣҶϣСӣϣҲʲô˵ıΪԺ٣ΪܵѹƣͲﵽٸ߶ȣ̫棬һʩչƻᱻѹƣȻǶٸ߶ȣԱ֮ǰ˵վ㹥Ҳ޼ƿʩڱǰһйСӹҼң
ҲŻҵƣѹĶ̴ҶȵȻ֪һУһйӣڵȴᣬ߶ǧͼսԪƷ
ʵʵҶȲǶ֣жԸͷĸֶΡ
һչԪԷ޷һ¡

ڵߣӰΧɱֵӪУͻȻһٷ
СʮѲӵвܷѹƵֶΣʵӳڵĸ߶ȣǲסû׽ɱ֮ԨȡʱǿԷֵһ֣
ԪΪȻ뿴˼ҿڴ߶ͨҶȹ£ѹת˲߿ʼ
ǺǣСˣҲãҲлᣬԪǧͼʰ
ڣôҶȶ֣ȻЩѲҶӦǴ´࣬ߣ֮ԨĽʱգһԪ
һٸ֣
ס֣ҶڼԪȻһ꣬һڲͬ⡣
ҶȣҲ
ӽڲͷţʮֹ񣬴ĵĽ֮⣬ʮɵӡƺһرԽơ
һѽ
һѻƽ񽣣ֻһ߳Ĵ󲿷֣һǿԵĽƷӡ֮ϣΧơڲеĽ
·ǿһнؼĴڡ
񽣣ɲ򵥣𣿡λӣ˫֣񽣽һͷ޷
پͷվҲû˸ȥǡ
Ԫ꣺֣ҲǵˣΪȻҪõõЩ񽣡پͷУʶûǧҲϰ֮࣬Ҹ˵񽣣Խκ
нƺΪģȻΧжʮ̫Զˣһ˵õ٣߶ɱپͷҲ˶ԷҰĵ̣
꣬¶ݲȵЦݣ֮ԨֻԪǿ󣬸õģǿ߳ǰ׵
˵Ĳǰ񽣣ѾԽڤ̷ﵽͬĸ߶ȡ˾䣬ҼʶõġǿҪˮһգ
ھͷභʱҶȰȴͷŸӦͷһһߣֻεһֹ߶ѡ
ҶӵкܶҲʶħת鶦鱦ЩԴ䣬纺ĺ֮⣬񽣣Ĳ
֣ԶƿǰЩƣʵڲУ߶ԷҲҪƿһ϶ץ񽣣
󷨣Ϊһֻ֮ԨⲿҾãȻ֮˵֮ԨڲһĹ餣ǵܽ룬ɽ磬Ҳûѹң
֣Ҿʹ˽˾Ϻɽ綯ʼַߣ̫ˣҺȥ޽֮ҡ죬ļǿߣõһУԴһУ
ãǾͽ˰ɣ
ٸ֣һˣˡ
ûѡɱȻʤߣռУǺúú
µЩ֣һǿУҲסҵĲҶȰмȭͷȭͷΪѣɫ΢΢
СѲ
Ҷɱ֣һֱҶû취ۿҪƷҶȣҶһɱ澳
ƣ
ڵĽ֮롣
Ԫ꣬ȻٵļûƣֻаԵ̵һȭȭغڷ֮ϡ

ǹһ㣬֮ǲַӡ
֮ԨʮӴӡɵϷӡڲ㣬Էӡһӵһ㣬ҶȸӦ޷͸׿֮Ԩڲʲô
ͷͷŵãȻһʼڹϽϣѷ졣
֣֪˶ٴΡ

Լ֮ץԵķ
ƷʾͺΧ࣬ԣȴ˴룬֮Ԩ޷⡣
䣡
һƣ֣ʩչƳˮͰһСĿӣȻڶơ
ˣ֮ǰõ񽣣ȻԪŻ׷ʹ򡭡Ҷʱ׼ţһɵ飬Ҫһʱ䣬ȡ񽣡
¡
ĺȻ䣬˵ıը𶯣ƾˮӽУӿ
ΧˮͰ󣬵ڲֻڴ󣬲͸ʮӡ鶴ˣ񽣣ͷǰ
޷򣡡
Ԫһץ񽣽
һ̣ڵĿռ䣬ȻĪĿʼתƣ໥ѹĺȻ䣬֪ôһ£ǾȻԶ鶴
Ԫҵģ
Ҷֳͷ棬ЦЦ֣ݺץ񽣽ϡ
ֽӴһ̣Ҷüëһôһֲĸо


1356 㴳
ֱ
ֱҶȻſָݺץڽ֮ϡ
СӡҪ˺㣡
ԪҶץסһŤöӣ߶˵ƣٵط򡢱ܶȥ
ʣ꣬Ҳ޵Ʋ죬Ȼ촽ЦȻһڵϣڱǰᱦرʲôʱ򣬿Ժ۲ɱ㣬ԶΪƤܣ

ǿߣ𺳵յɱŭҶȷȥ
ǿߣһɽ磬ڸϷˣ֣ѹݳ衣
ˡ񽣱ҵˣ
ҶȻ߶ԪںϾԴһɽ磬׿ƿռ䣬ͷžֹ޷򣬲ǾֹǼѹռ䣬赲ǿ߿
ʼ
ȫץס񽣣ΧѹӽڵԷӡӿµȫѹסɵ
Ҷȸо̫ˣ״̬һγ񽣡
޷ԪҲˣʲôԽںϣҪγٶǰпܣ
û뵽ֿɵ֮ȴңԶľ롣
ҵģ
ҶȱͿԦԣԴ߶̫һ䳰һ̫һʼס
ΧԣȻѹơֹҶȵͳͳ̫һգٶȻ죬ҶȿԴ߶̫һѽΧԣͳͳ𿪣֣ڸоɡ
Ŵ߶̫һںԽУģڻζҶĿⶸȻĿ⡣
৵һþȫڰγ񽣡
ȻǷǷ˿δʧҪ¡õ񽣣ҶչЦա
Сӣǵģͷʩչֱռ䣬˷ζըˣҶȶ
ৣ
ҶҪԪʱȻоҲǰγ񽣵ķӡ鶴ͻȻһ쬵ķ
գ
ɷҶأɵ´
תһһаƣڰһĸϢشӽ鶴ԽУط˳
ˣ
˲䣬֮ǰĲǰĿ£ɽҶӼŤ
ʵ
γ񽣣·޷ѡ
ء
޲ͬͳѹ֣һ±忪õţս鶴ڵԽУâ˸գ춼ǿµĺӰ
ˡ
Ҷ׵壬ºӰδѹ֡ײеĽȻοʼԪҪҶԪᣬɣкӰſڣֱҶȵԪ
Ԫ󣬾޴ķʼڣƽĻɽ˯ţͻȻ춯ء
찡ʲô˲ͰСӸˣ
ɵĶôЩ˵еϢңںϣγĴڣӵпµʶӣ
Ԫ꣬˲ĿɿڴǼֵҶȣΪľƵģһӰΧ
鶴Ӱɳ
ಣ
ǿߣתҪߣǸոתͷӰܲգǲʲôѹƣֻǵնŴȡǿǣһɨǿߵ壬һҶȰ㣬Ϊľͷˡ
һٶ֣ڵķߣһһˣֻʣʮǿߣͷŷӰԿ
ƴˣ
ԪһͷǿһĨɱӰ
ӰȴУôöԸϣȻûжôֻɢ壬ܿϣΪһ˷˵ĿºӰ
¡̫ˣ겻ѣԪ߶ϷֹӰǡ
ǿԶʮǿʱŵѾûһ˿
ʮһǿߣȫΪ˹ڴŰ죬ƽʬĴڣľػ֫壬ûһ˿⣬ֻգۣһٸ֣ͱӰѹһٶȫû
ɶҵΪԪȻ޷ЩӰʶ
棬춯صı仯
ʱҶԪ磬ͬ޴仯
ӰΪӰҶȿԿǸߴɵϢʼɡ˺ҧԪҶδ߶Ԫ޷ֹӰԪȥҶԪҲᱻһӰȥ
Ӷ䡣
ڰ׾
ò߶Ԫͨ
ɲǼ䣬ĺڰȼյףӿԪ󣬶ʱΪȼյ׻𺣡
أ
УУ
ڰ׾ãյһӰ־УźڰϢĺӰȼյףͿʼ׷ԪܣѰԪᡣ
һֺӰϢŨҵĺӰȻ׶Ӱ죬еһƽ󺺣еֳֿ󸫵ˣ֮ǵ񣬶޾䣬͸ԡ
ֲ֮ǰڽ֮ԨǰܵϢԭ棬ͬʱѹ顭
Ҷ֪ЩӰʲôڣΪȥ֪飬ЩӰ飬еǿߣǿߣ֪ΪΣʧȥʶ飬໥һ𣬵ںϣɾЩ顣
ǣѰ塣
飬ӵʶȴڱ壬Ǳȡǵж
ٲȻ̾ҶԪڵӰǲ飬ǲҪҶȵԪ񣬻ҪΪ֮塣
ڰ׾ֻܶԸϢŨҵ飬ôֻô߶̫⣬ԸԱȽŨҵ飡

ӡս̫⣬ΰĹʱӿԶ
УУ
ЩŨҽǿҵ飬̫Ĺŵ÷׷ܣ˿뿪ҶȵԪ
ҲΪѵҵҶǿԪ硣
ڰ׾̫⣬ҪԸô飬Ҫ̫ʱ䣬֮Ԩ̫ΣգøϿ뿪Ƿ֮أԽҵԪΣˡ񣬴߶
ҶȾ˲ѹе飬ȡʱ뿪֮Ԩ
ȻҶ̣
ٿ
Ԫ˫ۣԪ⣬ӵޱȵĹ־ٿٿط顣
ಣ
ôĲȱ飬գ۾ͱ񣬻Ϊҽ
ˣ
ԪʧȥвҶ̴߶ͨٴηԪۣͼĺӰ飬Ѿɳ֮Ԩɳգѽһɽʱա
ˣҶ֪Լ´
Ԫѹʱ򣡡ҶȸΧһٶǿߣڷΪ壬һ뿪֮ԨԪڼѵķ鲻Źǡ
ǣҲ޷ӳȥ
Ҷȣش´ˣ
ҶҪԪǧͼ뿪Ƿ֮֮ʣһϤĺȻ
ߣ
̧ͷһҶǾ
Ϊˣйʣɵߡ
ǰҲٰ֮ҶпԣŪһӳ֮ԨȻɽ磬һͻ
ɵ籾ǺңһΪͷ֮磬ͷô飬ҶΪˡ
óƺΪǰҡһһɽߣ
ٿ
һӣ׳ޱȵسҶǰĿ⣬ɽ񷡣
ǣһ
ҶҲȻԷƺȻе


1357 ԶսƬ
һĨɱЩɣ߼Ȼ٣Ҷȫûй˼ɣͷųҪ𵽵ס
ȱԸǰ飬Ȱѷӡٴѹд飬ӳ鷳ˣ
ߡһתӡӿĺӰԴԴϣ֮ǰ̫࣬ҶȻ֣ӡ֮
ಣ
񽣣̳ڰһС
һһ۷ӡֿ֮Ҷȣֱҡͷû뵽ɵУ˿԰γӡ֮ⰡҶȣӡԽƣû㣬Ҳ޷׷ӡסҰλֵܣŴߣֲſԳѹ㡭˵ˣʼɣҪģǾԽƣӡ֮ںϣڷӡûʵɣ𣡡
ҶȸомΪίһζᱦѣ˭뵽ͷųôǿ飬ͷã
ͷųǿ

ҶȲԼԽӡ֮ҪǿԼԦܴ߶γӡ֮ʱҶȱͷ̫һܵõӡ֮
ںϵɵ˼£ôֻ԰γķӡ֮⣬Ϊܱγ
һ̫һʼӿԽƣӡ֮Ҳ·ҶȾԵ־õһϿɡ
ӡ
ɲǼ䡣
Ҷȼ˼һĻ
һ˫һӡ֮ԨΧЩգӿϵ鶴ӿǰһݺɽ磬ǰҲֲУߵ
ȻԴӿ밢һķӡ֮Уӡ֮Ҷȿ£밢һںϣһһץʯ֮䣬ѷӡ֮²Խ֮Уʱķӡʼӷӡ֮ӡ
ӡ֮ԭһͨרΪ֮Ԩ
޴ķӡγ黨״Խڲ࣬γһΧɵƿʼںϣһͬˣһſһ磬ķӡߴӿ
ǿ̫ǿˣҶȻ֮ԨҲκѹƣƺҲ㣬Ԧԡ
ᣡ
ʮ죡
һ˫̩ͬɽѹȻɵӡ֮ϣķӡವؾ£գۣ鶴ˣֳʮɵơ

˲麹ҺԷӡкܶ㣬Щ飬ʱ䣬ϵɣٵһ֣ΧԽƣŽ룬ĵ飬ӳһôɵҪС
﾿ʲôطôͬʱѹ飿ҶҲһǿҺʵ
һתΧ಻飬ߣ̾ʱգԶŵսһСƬ
ս
Ҷŵ̾
Ȼսսͻͷų󣬻ԪֻսƬںܾǰɽ绹δоɽ֣֮ʱ򣬵˼䡢ɽ硢磬ĴʱգһԹͨĴʱյͨɴеʮ١ӵ磡
ʮ٣
Զ̫ˣ֮ǰߣδӴǸʱڣ֪ڶٸԪ֮ǰʱ磬Ѥֳ棬ʿࡢˡ󣬿ͨʮͨõͨػشԽĴ磬ʱʵܶ඼Ǹʱڣɽģ֪ʲô£ʧͨʧγĴյգ޷˼ɽ磬磬˼䡢ɽ硢ȴԽΪһأ
ʧǶ£Ĵʱշսңսǰʱգһս׹һɽ磬ʱգս飬սڵ飬ս飬Ҫɽ磬Ʊػɽһʱмһɽ磬ӡǰʱգΧգͳͳӡɷӡ֮󣬱뿪ˣУɽߣһһ𿴻սƬռ䣬֮ǰ˵ֻγӡ֮ɵ磬һ󣬸֪սƬռĴڣֻӡļ֪ԴӸ˵սƬʱգԶҲбƻĿԡ
ڽ졭ûϵߣҲû뵽һڵˣȻڻԵɺ֮£γӡ֮ͷųһֵ顭Ҷȣ֪㾿ʲôأγӡ֮ĿԣҲС˵ʲô˵㡭
ԶŵĴУӰһ渵Ҷȣ治֪ôС̺ʲô˼Ĵڡ
һСˣܰγ߶޷γķӡ֮
Ҷ֮Ҳֻ֪֮ЩУ÷ӡ֮ѡҲûԶսôܾʹ
ȻѾǾͺðˣӳȥ飬󲿷ֶǲģֻˣΪ֮壬ûнӽӳǾϣûаɣʮԶԸ
ô죿
ô죬ôӳȥȻ⵽֣ΣӴ˿̿ʼĨɱ֮壬ȻҲ㣬Ըһɽе飬ͬʱߣҲ£ǿٽ飬ɽȻûжΣգҪж̫ɵ˾ͻԽ࣬ʱͻΪһ㣬ʿ
һֶΣĨɱЩ֮壬ģҲҵûжЧ
صĻĲСҲ񵽴ˣôĶᱦ֮ˣȫΪ֮壬ʮɵʵģϿжɣҲҪȥѹ飬޷ѹģѹ֮壬ǵýĨɱ
ɣ
ԵԪγɣʮǿ㿴ǿߣûֶãͱˣԸϿжҪסһ㣬ӦӵǿǿԪˣѡᣬ񶼿ԶᣬȥսʱΧ飡
ಣ
һһֱӾʧȥ
ǲȵʺˣ
ΪεҶȣֻܽʵһѳΪ֮Ԫǰ
ž
֮壬ֵԪ񣬾ͻὥγһаĿʶǼҶȣֱһĳ
ҶȿǻˣôᱻЩոγɵĵͼʶ˵
һ鹥Ȼ߶ǧͼ
Сǧ
ҶͻȻ˫һģһǳ֮⣬̲ס֮壬һСǧڲͷŴǧͼжʶ֮壬ǧͼ
ʮٵ֮塭
֮壬κˣǿµĴڣҶ˵ȴ޾ԴһǶٵ֮塣
һҶȾǿգûмһ֮塣
أ
һźӰ֮£޾Ȼһٵ֮塣
޼˱ˣ
ҶףΪһٶ𳬼۵֮壬ˣȫˡ
ţ
ҶʱȻüɻ󣺡ôѹϢԣԼκǵҲԣһпµ飬飬ʶ𣿡


1358 ̬
Ҷ뵽޳˿Լ⣬ĵǷҲɣ
ϾҶδȥ
˿̣Ѿõ𰸣һɡ
ҶԪУҵǼԻٵıٻޣʩչʣһʧڶ֮С
޴Ķǿ֮⡣
ҶȲϷһգǿ֮⣬Ȼ֮䣬ͼһϤӰʩչ޷ͨȻѶǿշɳ֮壬ϵһ֮С
ǿյǿߣߣһ
ûͷ֪ҶѾ֣Ҷȣ׼ãҰѹ飬תƸ㣡
Ҷȴ߶䣬һԣ˫һϣƳһ޴ʥ¯¯
ಣ
һһָ֮ϣ飬ؽţ֮ӿ¯
¯̫һɣ̺պĿǣͬޣ鲻룬ҶһԲϴҪѹôײСԽ˵飬ɲһ׵¡
֪ڲ¯Уٵķ¯һֱδ֮ܵӰ죬ʯ
ͣ
¯̫¯ܵĻ棬ʼȼģ̫޼˻ɻ棬Էκε飬ǲϵرŷ
ͬԴ
¯һˣҶȣҵһۼ㣬͸оܲƽǵõ˵ĴУߵѡ֪󵱳ӡսƬʱգ˵ֻеõµʶϿɣղܰγӡ֮ߣɵκҲ޷򿪣ȴԣҺܺ棬㾿ʲô
Եɺϰɣܶ鶼޷ȥͣҶȲܸ߰һ˵ԼõڰĴС
ǾܣҶȱؿƿն졢ơ纺ˣҪܡ
ܵõ󴫳еˣȻǲ֮ˡ
Ƭǿգ鶼òˣģͽȥսƬʱգһҪػһȷӡƳû£뿪һ̾ϢһᣬһЩҪ֮º󣬱һȥ
ҶȸΧʱգȻܲϢͷл龻֣ԶʱգдаϢӿȻɽʱ֮Уһɽ׵壬鹥
Сǧһţ
ţ磡
ಣ
ǧͼֳӹ򣬻صֶһţҪ깦򣬵ڴǧͼ£ҲǼˡ
ǳ֮ͨͣƬ̣ǰȻһԴԴϵɽϢֶҶǰ
̤ղҶȴǳ֮󣬼̾ͽ֮С
ϻعˣ

ػߣڸ߲㹬ȴֻҶȴһػߣ̴
ҶȻصټĵӣϫӡӡ½޵ȵȣһЩ߲㡣
˽һֶҶȾ͵һɨ˵һɽӿһɿµ飬߲㣬һţ״һɽɽ磡
ʲô
һƬȻ
λߣһۣһվϣǲǸոնɹΣſԼһɽ磬칬ִҲʼɨ
һ̫ͻأҶɻ󣬲Ҫ쵶ն飺Ϯɽ飬칬ҲԸˣΪЩ飬Ե࣬Ǿã칬ڵĵ𣿡
飡
˵ߣͱסˡ
ɽٵǿߣȥѰұʮ߰ˣһȥĹ
ҶȻÿˣȻǣ֣סˣ֮ϢյģǲʵģǶҪĴڣһɽ罫Ϊӵ磬˴ϵˣǿһڳˣ˲Ҳ֣˵γֵ飬ɲǵ򵥵飬ٶԼ䣬ɣΪ֮壬Ҳŵʿ
ȥ죡߲㣬׷뿪
Ҷֿһ½ĺĵӣǶؾɽɣţÿӣҪȥΪ籩ܻϯɽ磬޽֮أֻǿԷǣٶǶ֣
ǣ
Ҳͣ뿪
һ֮ҶʩչԪ뿪һɽ֮ϡ
˲һ㹦
ʦܣкδ£
һµĴʦ㣬Ӷɽһɽ磬Ʈ
Ҷξڰջ棬ȵõɿ鱨ԶһɽһսʱգѹԵ飬Ʒӡһɽ磬ǿ˲䣬һٸ֣ʦ㣬ɽ缫пܣһĻѣ
ϢȷţξȻĿ
ȷšΪ£٣һɣ֮
ڣҶȻΣʱ֪޹ˣɣҲֻţȴ鶼Ϊ֮壬źȥѹʦĪ̫࣬ϮһŵǿУһһɣԶŵսӡʱգƽپͷֻܶԿѹܳ׽Ĩɱ
ξȻһһֱҶȣ֪־ʲôòŵͷӦɽѴڶʱڡԶŵ飬ɽ磬ǲ֪ٵۣ½ķӶԴϾһɽţȫǨɽţɽɽţǨɽ磬ţӾŴţţڿƣ
ٱ֮ǰҶȺȻ뵽ʲôˣʦ㣬ˣǳΪ֮壬źöԸ飬˲ͻɱԪǲµģǳΪ֮壬ܵǯƣԸɵţѹ֮壬ֶ죬˵ֶõһĨɱ֮壡
ʦܹȻͨ޵У¼պÿֶ죬ɽ˷ʦܣδ㣿ξ񷴶ЦЦ
һ취Ը飬ʦʲôͨʦܻ֮壬һɽߣȥ
һɽߣ
Ϊ֮£εЩʡʦ㣬վű󣬴֮壬¿ɰˣʦȸˣ
Ҷ˵꣬㵱һӰ
ߡøʦܣнʣǲɽػߣξҲתɽ硣

һɽ뷲֮޽֮ء
硢ƣҵȥһˣٸɽд·
ҶһٷವһСǧֳҶȰٷСǧϴƹ
ģ磬ֻҪʱ䡭СǧٷͻΪһǳ֮⣬ֱ֮С
·Ǿ޴޽֮أһ̤ɽ磬Ǵ޽֮أϵطɽ硣
˼֮£Ǵ˵еĵҶҪ̤У̾ԭҪɽһз粨ƽȥһȡû뵽ΪҪȥϽһͬԸ飬ĵǿ࣬Ը֪ϢŨҵ飬Ũҵ飬ȥ𡭡ڤȻ˯ڱ֮С
֮¡µûǧʱ䣬εȷǴ´ˣҺսƬʱûӳǿɶǿĴڡ
ҶƯǿգȴСǧع顣


1359 ٵ
֪Ԫӵеıʲô
ȴСǧع飬ҪһЩʱ䡣
Ưһɽ޽֮֮䣬Ҷ̷һץʮĿƯǰǴ֮Ԩõ
ͷôǿõıǱҶ׵ĵõ
ЩôҶӵһ
һһӡ֮С
߶һӰӿ֡
ǱȡԪ
ͬʬľر˫ۣΧǲ̫һķӡͬͻһԾҶȡ
֮壬ʿźܴͬ飬ʶŵۣںϢϵسɳΪʿЩʿǶɵ֮壡
ϸϸһԺӿֵ꣬ڵ򽻵ĳϧЩ֮ɵ磬ǵǵЩ֮ǿޱȡ
Ԫ־ͷҪһ̤٣޷ѹԼ̰½ӶԴ³
һٵľͷӵеģʵгΪĿܡ
һУͷΪӰԪ֪һ죬һټҲ޷½
ž
ָͬӥצѸץԪ
ಡಣ
һԣ϶ԣӿ
ҶһƳʲôһʯ
ʯֻаƴС뵱Ƕ۾õġʯвͬ
Զʮִġʯһľɾں֮Ϊʵһһ䣬ңӵʯˣɽ޽С
ʯǾһĽ·ȻĽγɡ
ıԣǽ
Ȼ¾ǵߣпڴȻĵ£Ϊ棬һʯӵн
ȻͬһʯȷƽڵĽգǯƽöǿߣÿȥѹ֮Ԫرȴżͻ٣̰ɱΣһ㣬ȻʯǽԱԴԪҲڶʱ䣬ܼԦԡ
ʯʳԽ֮ԨеļֵɹֻҪܼԦԵӵͿѹơƽɽ֮بŵ٣֮Ƕ˵Ĵ
Ҳÿȥӣ֮Ҷ䱦̾
ΪǣҪĴڡ
磡
ʱŵ̫졣
Ȼ䣬ϷһɽǿգͻأѹһƬ˵ǳУСǧ켤
ţն졢ƾʹֳ
ֵܣն̼ǰҶһӵ
ħҲֻȻҶеĽʯϴⱦɶôоնֿһζ
նҲͷһ벻ŵĿ⣺ԣҲоˣ֣ǡʯ
Ҹոյõƽ⡢ѹ֮ʯΪҿǷ˲Ѫ磬һ٣ΪҪ֮Ϊʮֻеľͷһ̤٣Ҫ꣬ΪҪѹ֮ȻӴʯô֮ܵѹȣͼ̫ˣ磬Űɣ
򵥽һ飬ҶȱѽʯնС
ȻڵĶɽ֮ѾڷڡնСʯ̾ҿںܶʱ䣬٣
ҲԲþ̤һ١Ҳ¶̰Цݡ
ҶȿһЦΪʯԶսƬʱ֮УǵսʱգӡŴԵĲȱ飬ƷӡһѷǷһʱ̰˳Ǻ
ͷųˣж٣ɫˡ
£ҶȸΣؼǲ֪ж١Щѹµ飬һһ㱻ӡʳҡһжעģ飬ҲҵΣһˣ޷ӦǴڣֻһͬжӦ飬ǸӦ飬ڶʱ䣬龾ɽشﲩ˶δһһ̤ûзһ̫ǴﵽʵɵǸʵʱ򣬲֪ж˳Ϊ֮壡

̫ˣնסѽʯڣ㿴ƣҾͲȥˣҪŵڣ½磬Ѱ飬ѹǣΪֵܣҲΪɽ磡
Ȼնֶô˵ˣϴ㻹һȥɣ֪У֮£ն֣ɽΪӦһ󣬺ٺ٣ϴԶԸ飬Ҳԣħֵͬܣ˲§סն첱ӡ
á
նƵ˼ҶȻ⣬ܸж
һˣһУӷ絽ɽ磬˳ն죬ӵԸߣǹ¶һˡ
ֵܡ
ңλֵܣŲʵ侲ĸԣ԰ҶȶԸκε鷳
ֶξ񣬶ɽţץ֮壬ֶ죬ԺЩ֮壬ٴλȡѱԴҶȼ˵
նдƮͫ⣬ҶƣôоǵʱѾ٣
а쳤ХЩ꣬ϴΪʵʱʱУΪǿ󣬶ĿĵУߵ죬ʵɽͷʸն֣˵Ĳʱˣϴʱصǰ㣬ǿ濹⣬ѾϣѾվͬȸ߶ȣ
ųһζҶҲдѣһĺĺͷ̤ɽ磬޽֮ʱշ綴ηֱ̤ɽ磬Ȳ󣬴һȣѼֶ죬ǿߵͷڻͷһУеһȻƽȻܰԼԸ֧壬ӵм̵ĵ־ֶһδεһδζԸǿߵľеһУעǽ
Ҳòȥ꣬һ˱ʧȥ˼ң¶ضšˣûЩҲ޷ɳֵǣǵʱѾˣǲһֱڵȴһڣɽ磬ʽ̤ɽͷǰǽĻᡱնչ˫ۣصذ˼ͷ
ԣϴңڵȴһ죡
Ǻǣ
ڴ̹ǺУ˴
ֵܣǾͲˣдǧͼüͻع飬㣬Ҳǰɣɽأ
նҶһۣĿȣһݲᣬĳƼתˡ
ҶʲôҲûУоͷ£е̤ʵӷ磬һ·ɽ磬УӵĶ
磬׼ˣɽȥҪ磬ʱգɽ磡

Сǧ׼ãҶҲת
ৣ
գۣҶȾͳǳ֮УϵطڰգͬͻȻ׹޾Ԩ޽֮غܿͲɽһ޴ķ硣
ѷ㣬ǲѷ죬ֻǷδγʵĿ޵شǳ֮ͬ׹䣬ֱӶ޵ش
ǧͼٶȣ˾ס
Լһ칦
Ϣ
Ҷ·ǳʪͬ磬֮·͸Ҷһˣ


1360 Ϲͥǿ
ڰʪ֮Ԩ·Ǻʲ㣬Сǧɰֳ۾Ҷȣ磬ҪͷŵϢף
ҵһν䱻еġ
ϢҶ̴߶½𵤣ӴʱʼսҪ
ƺһֻ̣ص龰
ಣ
Сǧ˫һ֣ͫбǳâȻһҶͬʱΪǳ֮⣬ʪʲ㡣
ͻͻͻ
ϵ½СǧϢĦϾǧͼɽ磬ϢС
ҺҶȵĵϢǧͼڵҲ
꣡
һɻ棬Žһɫ㣬ǳ֮Χ˻棬Խڰ㣬ҶһƬյ侲硣
ûû貵Ĺâ޾ǵ硣
磬Сǧڵûжֻ꣬ڵһ磬й꣬ҲֻϲĵСǧƺЩ˵˵
û£Ժﵽݺ֮ʱһΪƵ꣡
Ҷ찲һ䣬Ȼʹ߶޼˻ʼԹڡǵ
ȫԵû˿ɵϢ
ԵѹȻ޴棬Ҷȴ߶½𵤣޼˻׵ԶԴԴϵӿ롣
ҵʵﵽһ٣ǸоСӡڹ֮Ҷȱ㻺ڵ棬Χ߶龻֣ܸӦĵϢ
޹ȻӰ죡
ҶһƳͷȻڳ˯ƺѹ˿ûС
ȡϵҵʵ±ȲϷһ룬ֻҪͷϢȻȸӦԷڣ
ѡһɽͷ߶յݽߵ½𵤣ȫĵϢʼްյ
龻֣
ǿͨҶȲϵͷźڰϢȻӦڡ
ķһʱŸӦйϢ
Ҷ΢΢һ̾߶龻֡
һʮ˲㣬һҲϷͨĵʮ˲ײĵ޴ÿһҲкܴ졣
һ飬඼Ƿ֮䣬ڶ㣬鶼˰ڵ㣬ǶǴﵽ۷Ĵڡ
ЩǴų󣬳ڸ߲
ҶҪ͸һ㵽ڶĵľʱȻ
ھ֮УҶȲϵŻ龻յϢӦĴڣǣһȻһϢӦ
أЩ˶Ѱġ
ֻܸӦӸӡֻȥܼӦڣ
֮ҶȲò̵վ߶ԪԦڵıԵ
죬Ե֮ǰڵһɳڰ磬ȥ
޼˻׼̫һߵҶڵˮͨ衣
˳ٶ磬֮㣬ɽɽ磬Եֻиˡ
ȻһŨʮ飬ӿ£Ȼͨ飬ȴųǿĵʿ
̤ڶҶȾ͸о̤һ޴磬򣬶ȻǺڰģ̾ᣬѰĿꡣ
ˡ
ҶҪҷʱȻԺһ龻Ӱ
ΪǷǸӦɵϢ
龻ַҶǱʶΪǷ͸ͨ׽ɵϢ
Ҳ˵ˡ

ڰ֮ϣȻɹһֻѪܵײޡ
Ҷȥڷ޵Ȼһھˡ
ϧˣɲɵ磬ǰҲҪܵѹȣͨ飬ҲնɱٻǰĴڣ
һ˰ˣҶȿɲȥΪһˣޣն
ţ
ĺȻҶҪʱȻһȺˣȻʧ޵ķĵɽ
ôʮˣһͬ磿
֣ҶȾЩѰͨģǸʿڣһȺ˾Ȼ
Ҷȴһݽϴ߶Ԫʮʧķ
ڵҶȱ͵õڰ״УڵҲţһٵǰҲĶֻ֣ɵʿ
Ӧ
ҪǰȺˣҶ̴߶ͷŸӦ
ȻҶϳֲ˼ı飺ôϹˣѵϹͥǿߣʮˣһٵٵĴڡ
ǿӦ£Ⱥصˣòء
ҶȸӦ£һ˵ĻۣǼѹϢϢҲ޷ӹҶȸӦȫǶٵĴڣ̫ǿˡ
ҶȲϿĶԷӦΪѸӦϢأӦǣҶ𽥿ǣҿǵòٸ֡Ȼ𣬿ԲͨϹͥͷôһʵ̫ˣ޽֮أӪһްһĴڣ
Ҿپͷֻһ̤񣬾ðôЩˣһкܴԭ򡭡ֻҪȷϣֱͥϹͥɢ޾ͷ
̫ˣҶһ˼ŪĿġ
Ϲͥ칬صĴڣϴͨߣҶ˽ϹͥǰЩˣһͥôҶȴܡ
Ӫأ
˼죬ҶһƬϵżǰͣ
ż·һȻ֪˼仹ɽ׹£ǽڶΪ˷ˡ
Ҷ͸ӦڷȻмٵĴڣУȻһپͷ֮ǰپͷڲϡ
پͷǿЦɣǹͥľͷǵʵһûô£֣ȻԽߣ֡Ѿﵽ
һʮپͷʵﵽ񣬻ԽһĴڡ̫ˣΪôǿ
Σܵѹȣ֮Ŀռ䣬ҸӦҶȹϵط֮С
ܴڵż̫ˣҲ޽֮أıأܶ˽ΪЩżǵ
κν綼δᣬûǲ磬ǿʿ֣ǿĵʿ˵ǣٶʮҲһģ
ٶԽԽҶѾӦǰԶһϹŶϢ΢΢ԾţǲδСɣҶȼƺóҩĶ̷
ÿ̷һţۺһ֡
Щ½֪޷յ׼ҩЩˣȻб
׼˵ǲһȺɢޣһǷǳ˵Һܺ棬ǵǲͥǣϹͥôǿߣΪʲôǡΪζ
һɻ󣬲ϵӿ֣ҶԽо鲻򵥣·ҪӴһ޴ļƻ֮С


1361 ʹйϵ
ǰˡǴ߶ǧͼǧͼڶһܵѹƣǴ߶ߣپͷ˽ǰҲбֵĿܣ
ڣҶһڵĻɫ֮С
ֹס˲
ǰһʮǿߣһһΧ඼ڳ˯ϢҲмһ֣ĻǺȾơ
Щ˴ʡ
ǳڶס
پͷ
ҶĿ⣬Ȼǿϡ
һ̣Ҷȴ𺳡
ˣһǸˣͨЩһͷ
һˣɫëһսףңĿգͷǣ沿ֻ࣬ǱͣͺܴҲ͹ڱӣǿǷϵģʮһˡ
࣬죬ʮָߴһͷߴࡣ
һˣҲһ࣬һŮˡ
Լʮ£ĿݡƻϢ쳣Įһǣ˲¡ֻԶ۵ĳơ
һͨˣһǿϹˣһòŮϡ
Ҷһʱز˲ǿ󣬶Ҹž޴òò̾
Ҷ侲ٲȻʵɲ⣬ٸ֣÷ⵤҩƺҲܼԦһֵĵ򵥰ˣһ
룬ҶȻǼȴȥһ֡
Ȼ
ͨӣˣ˵֣һλ֣ȡһŶ֮ʱ޷֣Ϊ˲šޣֻܿ޵ߡ
ȻطּͱϷ彻Ϊͥ䣬棬ᱻģհ͵ˣӦһ䡣
֮ݡޡǾĿ꣬һ࣬ǻǧָ꣬ʮѹȥӣȻףճ̾
˺ȻԱߵòŮģ㻹Ȱⲿ֣ͥʹߣʱʱ̶̿ҪǿʿӣһһСģʱп䣡
ȵȰɣŮĮȻӦһ䡣
֮ݡޡǹȻϹֻͥϹͥҪôĵʲô
ݶԻҶ˵õ鱨ġ
֣ռʮ꣬ҶȺȻɫʹߣǿصĽʹ߰ɣ
ʹߣͻأҶǰ֣Ӵ𣬵ߣĪһΣҲй
ʹйȻϹͥشϵռԴǷʹߵһףȻΪʹߵȣ˿ʹߣ֮ͥʲôϵ
һʹйϵôҾҪһپͷ֣Ʒһ𣬱Ȼ˽һСʱ޷Ըߣڵٸܵѹƣպҿ潻棡
һ˽ϹͥܵĻᡣ
ɴ
Ǵλᣬװ״ʧһΣڵ׵ĵطҪƷһͷ
ţ
һڵȴУȻȥ
Ȼǿİվаٸ֣Աߣݽһᣬ˾ķɳ˷
ģֵػӪ롮ͺ࡯Դعɽ磡
ûãҲվ
ৣ
ʮٸ֣һһǰתλŮŮҲվӯȵΣӳ֮С
Ľ֣ע⣬ǿ᲻ܵõıǲȥЦŮƣ벻ַƣӶ
ӡĽסͷǰΣһʮ꣬ڵǴʮ꣬ɹΣգİɣ
ߣ
һתʮ֣̾ͷȥ
ҶȰӷȥȻΪġŮϣǰΣʮꣿǱڵôʱ䣬ȡĵԴºܾˣ
ϹͥҪʲôϧððսȡԴ޴ʺţҶԺи֡
ȥΧӦ򲻿ɰѸӦΧŮģʣ½ʮ֣붼Ƕ٣ֻмһ١
ǣˣΧ档
һ΢˫ۣûʲôٶȴڰиӦΧһУ޷ӦߵĴڣԪͨ
ҶŮģֻһҲ߶Ԫںϣ񷷨ҲΪԾڵʩչ񷷨򣬸
˵ŮģǵһǿʿԸӦҶȵĴڡ
ûлӦĪǷѾĲ㡢㡢㡭²ĵ磿
ȴУҶԺһֱڴ߶龻֣ȴϢϧһֱûʲôӦȴóһ󵨡𺳵ۡ
ӵʮ٣ɵڵСߣʮͨ߰һ˵ǲͨĴʱգйϵͨʮٵ֣ȻҲǷ֡
ǿҶȶ⡣
˭ʧʮ٣һľȻҶȺ󣬿ʼѿԪ
ಡ
ָ֮䣬ʮȥˡ
ǸĽ˰ͺˡ
ҶۣѸӦ֮⣬Ϣӿ
ʱ䣬ǰеķоں˵Դκõͷų̫ˡڵһ߶޼˻׵ԺڰĴУȻõǿߵĿӣ
סҶվһƬС

һṦĽף˰ͺ࣬ŸԸ֣ع湬֮С
ģʮõıûȺԼʿĽ׷һץһö䣬̺Ϣ䣬Ůġ
˰ͺ࣬ҲóͬĴ䡣
Ůպ֮󣬱һ𣬿֣һȥҪܻ꣬ع飬һʹߣһ濴ͥƣ칬ͷ֮֮ºɽͿʼ
ӣȥǵɽ翴ǵĵӣˡĽף˸еصͷ
ʹߣǵҪɣǺʱܻؼң˰ͺ࣬Ƿɱ¾
һתλĻʹκηֻּصķݣϹͥһΣΪˣΪͥδѪλұˣ
Ů˲תٸ֣һϡ
һ·أĽͺ౧ȭ͡
ಣ
һ⻮Ůٸ֣ͷɳ棬߿յȥ
һٸ֡ٸ֣Ǻǣ֣ҪʱתԳȽȻռƣؼܵѹȣҲãСǧãֻܰһһ䣡
Ҷȴ߶Ԫ뿪棬ڰգŮ֣ٶ̫ˡ
һѹˣڶʺϲޣ֪ô
Ҷϸޣ̰˰Сβͣٿһ£ͲӰ
ɵһٶȿò˼飬·Ҳļһ㡣


1362 潻پͷ

ͨһʪգǿӰϵط뾡ͷ
ˣ㿴ޣ
ȻŮҵĶϹǿߣɵ˿ںǰʪУһӰȥ
֪εޡôһֻնɱǣҪעķȺڸֻƵŮϢޣѹɣͬһɽŻζĺӰʱ׼ɱ
ٿ
Ȼ֮䣬ĺӰͻȻֱӷײǿߡ
ǿߣһվǺӰȥÿٶȣһޣСģ
ŮﲨתȻһݣֳƣˣȺʿѱһȥͨˣǾд鷳
ɱ
ҷǿߣ͸һҰ޵״̬ȻͨΣΪһè㡢ʮɾ޴βһһ𣬳Ӱȥ
ٶȼ죬èٶȣ𣬵յ̤ԾѾɱӰ󷽡
Ϲͥɵǿߣ

ҶͷԪںϲ񷷨򣬾һУȻǰŮģǿߣپͷ
Ϲͥǿߡ
ֹ򣡡
ֻʣŮģҶ޶֣ĿľǿߣÿŮĵԵ
ţ
ŮƯʪգͻϮǵޣϸϸʱȻǿӦһܵȻѹȣֹͣĸо
йŹ֣
ֹɽ磬ȻͷͨǿռͨǷȻ֮䣬˫ͫһ⡣
䣡
ΧսӴʱڵĸ߿Χʱ춯ص
ٿ
֮Уһڰ֮ǹͻأشд̳
Ůתڰ֮ǹ棬ü֮䣬ָͷųһ⣺ȻйŹ֣ħ

һ˰⣬Ѻڰ֮ǹ棬ڰ֮ǹ޷ǰһǣҲ޷Ѻڰ֮ǹ׻⡣
ٿ
ͻȻһӣֳһڰ֮ǹŮıһǹ̳
һзڵʯ֮䡣
ŮĲپͷӦһӣһһҡ
ɽ磬˲Ӱɣڵܵѹȣɵ޷˳ͷš

ڰ֮ǹѸʹ̳з̩ɽӣ޷һ£һ֮ͻȻڰ֮ǹȻ̳һѷ졣
ãڰ֮ǹ󷽣ҶȻ֮
ɣ
ԭ飬ŮĹΪúڰ֮ǹ÷֮סڰ֮ǹһץڰ֮ṉ̀ץסһˣһµҶȣźڰ֮ǹһֳͬ
һ̣Ҷȱһתڰ֮ǹ˲һڽ顣
ʿ
Ůľ⣬ӴӺڰ߳Ҷȣһ࣬һǵϢȻڵ޵ĵ࣬ҲΪʿ
ǵʿ࣬Ǳҵ֮УɣҿԸһ·
Ҷȹɭ䣬Ůľȵ
ȴЦ˻½𵤴߶޼˻ףϢɱȫϢٲȻʿûжٲͬ٣ǰŮģپͷ޷αװ
ڵͨ衣
ֻ½ѰѣÿûǸʵ˵ͷᱻҲڽ£Ůģ˶־ĵʿȻһ˿־ҲûУֳǿߵ֮
ҪΣɫԳΪŮūҶааһЦȻʹ߶Ӱĵ
ָħ
ŮһȻŭ˫һ֣ץһɾ޴ָӡҶǰѹȥ
ȻҪѹɵǵ߲࣬ﵽ߶ȣɽ࣬پͷֻٵѹȣһʵȴͷų
춼ǺХݺָӡϹҶȡ
ƣҶѾû·
ͨҶȻ˺һɣȻʹ߶޷
ͻͻͻ
ԣ޷ڵͷŵĿռ뷨ͨ
Ҷˡ
ָӡȻʼ۶𵴣·ռƶһ㣬𶯣еתƣȻٶȲˣպÿָӡٶȣָӡࡣ
ǵʿڵͷſռͨзڵ̧ͷ
ŮļԼǿ󹥻ȻҶתۣȥ࣬µ֮ϣ಻˼顣

޷޷ݻٳԽҶָ̫ӡǵٶҶȽ߶ԪɲǼ䣬õӡ޵ĺڰʼӿָ֣ӡݵϯȥ
¡¡
һʱ䣬춼ǽָӡ໥
ڰδŮģӰ죬һ˿棬Ҷȣôоʩչһǿҵ޿ռϢôһλѵͨЩ񣿡
ʥ٣
˫̯֦Ʈһϡɫ٣ǰ
٣һֺƵ٣ǿԿаħҲԿƵһЩֲ֣ڵݺʮ꣬ȴһҲδ
֣ҶüͷһȻҪԸŮģûôˡ
ָ⣬ʼ٣Ů֮ͫУֻкƵ֮ΪޱߵΪٱԴħ
ȣ
ݣ
գţϸհ㣬ɢͬĽһ㣬ѹȶ
һ𣬾ȻԵ΢ѹơ
ҶĪһЦȻ󵱿մһִ߶񷷨һɾֹĵռ䣬赲֮ǰ־˵Ľڰ
ҶȣڿپͷսȻõѹȣʹκμı
ͷųڰҶȻָ򾲣Ԧڰʼײ

գ֮ȻѹڰƺˮĹջǱźƵϵռơ
ĿǰΪֻﵽһ٣ڵûнʸ񡭡ʱ֮С
ֻ֣ԻŮĵֶΡ
ҶȶԸֶΣֻо䡣
ͻͻͻ
Ůչֳ춯صǿƣȻǳԽ̫Ĵڣ˫ֲϲ٣𽥸ڰҶҪʩչ⹥ʱ
ħ
ָı
ӻ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ӿΧΪһ㣬иҶȵķ񷷨ƵĿռ䡣
Ҷռ䣬Ϊ˶ݺţҶûڿµĹ֮Уɿռ䶼ǿ·âϢ
ûһսڵǿĵʿȴǽ֣նɱǿʿϧɵ磬ֻһٵĸ߶ȣΪǿЩҪնɱͲˣȻʹҪ˵ʬ壬ҲҪռ
ವһٻΪ⣬ŮüģͬӽٷδɢĻ籩С
ѰҶȵʬ塣
Ϣʥ٣ϸԪͥǰ۶ǿߵ֮רΪԸħƵķԸʿҲЧ
ڻ籩УѰҶȵʬ壬ڵϢɢУоģֻɵϤϢ


1363 ͥǿߣ
ʬأ
Ůģ籩вѰң˻籩κҲûС
ѵʬ壬ʳ˳
ҡҡͷʿȻŵԴ֮Ծ䣬Ȼᱣ
񷷨򣡡
Ȼһ𾪵֮Χƴ͸
ȻţС㣬ħŮģʵû뵽ȫ£ʿš
̽ӡͬҪӿ
֮֮ʣһûбӣͻȻԱֳžһȭϮתȭ

ŮһӣȻͷųһɰɫ·ˮΪһպȭײ
õ˺һǾ㵿ǰİӣ飿
ڤ꣡
Խ꣬籩꣬ռΪһ壬ʼ٣ŮΧγɲ׹Ľꡣ
ʥ٣
Ůû֮ǰ򶨵ɫ˫һץǿʥ֮ʥ٣ֳ
ͨΧ
Ȼ֮䣬һԹâڻڤ֮⣬תŮһһ֡
ŮȻǿĳʥ٣ôܡǿҵԣΪλһҲų⣿ҲҪܵƣΪΣ
ݣ
ںϣʱס꣬·һʵ
һµҶȣڱƯ֮⣬תʵʵԱߣŮͷŵʲô
Ϲͥףش۵ıԴͨŮģҶת·ʸ񣬴澳дɱ֡
ҶһشۣҲͥ
ŮǷ԰Ϊ⣬ͷԶزסΧϢʿҲ֪Ϲͥ
ʶߣҶûлش⣬ʳԼһ⡣
ߣ
˲䣬ŮشҶȣҲ֪ʿȻɵ磬˽⣬ĪǡĪǵͬԶţɷ硢ɽ硢磬ΪΨһĴ𣿡
Ҷȵ˵شۣǹͥߣȻͨΪжһشߣ˰ɣҡڹͥĵλ߲ࣿ
ΪҪشЩ⣿ҪΪѹҡ֮
ŮģҶȶԻУĴоǰӣ̻̲ĸоǣһ߲貵˫֮У͸ʥ٣Ϊ߲֮Ȼ
䣡
߲ϣķȻڤ꣬γɶԳ״̬߲֮һɹŮľȻ߲֮Χһ٣ҪɱΧ֮С
ҶͫǾϹͥǿߣȻ쳣ǿģӮʡԪаٸ֣ҪԵࣺܶǿ󡭡ߵʱܻڤӰ죬ŮӣҲ˰ԵߣҪһڣ
һתҶȱȭˣԴ߶תȻѹ棡
Ұı𽻸㣬ȥޣٳѹҪ޸ˡҶûдӦתһģһ鶦ӿתڡ
תһͲˡ
Ÿ·Ůģͷ߲֮ʥںϣҪȫ𿪻ڤ꣬ɱһ·߻һЩ࣬ﵽ߶ȣԽ٣ʵֻﵽ۷壬У޵еĴڣʵɵ磬Ҹһ֮УˣǵҸպõ㣬ԡ㲻Ӳȥ
ΪζϤŮȻڹ
Ϊǰɽ磬Ҳ߽֣ҲֶԸôâƽպÿԿƣ޷ԸڵȴԿ㣡
ʲô
߽֣ŮģͻȻ֪Ҷǵʿʲôڡ
ʵɣҸʲôʿϵĵϢαװģ֮ǰǷ࣬ҿںϵҲںϹͥźܴϵԣұѹ㣬ʵϡҲѹˣҶȾӸ£ϵĵ֮Ȼɢ
һɵϢϵر
ԣ˿ڵĳ۳ң
һУŮģǱʶĵ߸بŲķ򣺡㡢㡢㡭ǹ
Ȼˣ
ҶٿȻһݣ㣬ѻڤգȻǵصԣͬ⣬߲֮ʥ٣ŮģͳͳԱԴѹ£Ҳ޷ƶ
߲֮ȴ΢΢
ش֮ۡƺһһȻ飬ֲãƽһԣشۣӵôȻǰ񣡡
ҶƯ֮УʥŮģ޷ƶֻͷų߲֮ſ΢΢Ծ
ǡʲôطΪΡΪ˲˼Ĵ磿Ů֪ҶΪһֱһ޿ֵģԭͨ
ҶɫȻЦҵһ֮УֻҪҲñƿأջɣ
ɶ񡭡
ƺ߶ֻ߲ܻ֮Ծ޷ơ
سԺܶΣͽ޹
գˣٻʥ߲֮
ҶȼԦԣӰ£Ů֮ǰֶģô̾룬ŮĻʲôвģǿߣҴӲնɱ˳㣬ֻжҳһѡΪƿأԾҲԵõԪ񣬻Ը㣬ȻʲôҲ˵Ҳа취Ԫ֮Уȡ֪ģֻ̫ľʱ䣬ϲ鷳ϣ㣬ʵɣɣ
㡭
ŮһʲôѡûУҶϡ
кܶ⡭
ҶͷһìܣһʱҲ֪ʲôطȸң֣Ϲͥеĵλɣ
ҡ
ȻЩʵ£Ȼ֪ױƿصˣεػָĮ飺ġش£һˣڹͥǼԪ֮ʱڣ꣬Ҳõش۵״֮һ֣ǹͥϹŶһԱҲǺӪеһԱ¿ˣ
˵꣬ҧ񴽡ͫ͸ﲨ΢תŭ¶ĽݣƳ౴ʮֶƳһҶȡ
Ҳĵˣ㲻ˣģϹͥһδڽעı䣬Ϲͥδĳɾֻͣ˵޷󣡡
ҶܲŮδ۸ôģֶѹô·˴Ƶģ޲һУɱˡ
ĵȣǴԲѣҰϣռʱ˺ͣȻҲ˺ܴĶϤ⣬Ϊ̫ҲſΪڣΪ治֪ܣ㱦ģȻұƿأҲ޻˵Ҫңӣ


1364 ɽ
𣿡Ҷεذڰ֡ʼ硣
˭֪䳰һ˶ޣ
ǡ̸
ҶһЦģǳߵĳʯͷʵмرҪ⣬Ҫ㣬Ȼõʱ䣬Ϊһǧ꣬Źȥһˣ
ף𺳲ѣ졣
ҶҲ˼Ƭ̣ϹͥҪ׷ݵһˣȣ֪һص㣬֪ܣ
ȻĮĻص˵޽֮صһţͻưĴڣϧ֪ټܶȥѾ˰ɣ
ϹͥĩնɱģĩǺεȵĴڣ
ĩҲδ綼˵ϹͥôһǿߣԽ֮ͥҴδʶ
ɣ
Ҷƿ֮Уһʲôãб£ӳ֮𣿡
ҶƳǸģͷʳڶ⣺ˡһ⣬壬嵱Ϲ֣֮ͥҪңλ֪£
壬ȷǳϹ֣֮ͥҲҹͥܡҲ֪Ϊλ⣬һһش㣬ҲǴҳϹͥ壬Ԫ֮ǸʱǿʵϸԪҲϹͥһͥҪԭҲ֪ʱδϸҲֻ֪֪һУϹͥõֻһֱڴţ棬ۣǴ¼˳
ͥԵ޹ʣ壿
뷨ǹˣЩҲ²׷ף긺ģۣͥԴͥϹŶ壬ǿҹͥչ칬ǰİʯǱ롭Ԫ½ϹͥκҪǷ֮£
ǹͥǿʲôֱ𣿡
ҶЩʧҲӺ棬𣬲ô׿ƿ࣬ŭһ֮󣬱侲
˼һᣬҲڳĬʵǿߣ𣿡
ȻҪͥۡҡҡͷ
Ҷ˵⣬Ӧ֪ʹǺεȵĴڣϹͥʲôɫ
Ȼ֪Ĵڡ
һ¶һݸɫ˵Ҳʵ⣬⣬ϣΪ̫ǿˣû֪֮Ϲͥǡʹߡֻһʸɳͥ۵ĵͥʹκεķּԴǣ
ϴߣ֪뿪ͥȴռԴҲ˽ʹߵ˼ôʹΪǵȵλϹŶĻѰҾԴ
ǣмλϹŶֿж롮Ľסͺ࡯Ǳռ⼸ϹŶռԴԼһЩԴҲԴʣΪλôۣռ޷õ
˵ȻҡҡͷʹûиǣΪʲôֻ˵ͥ۵˼ҹغϹͥδǰĺãϹͥԳΪɵİ

Ҷ󣬸оϤ˺ܶ࣬ٸʵףһжڹͥͥʹϡ
ˣĽסͺ㣬ռҲϹ߲ͥ˼
ţϹŶǼϣϹͥδǺεȷּǶ᲻ϧһУɣֻǡеʱ򣬲Ϳɵģ磬ƿУ
ҳΪɽ罻ʤߣȥͥиӦϹͥǿ־ڰɡʿˣΪλ
ĸŵĵӣ
Ҷ˵ԼȥϹͥĶʱʧɫû뵽ҶֲĴڣȻɵŵӡ

Ҷ̴߶ֶĵֳۣ
Ķʱ𺳴Ҷȣϵ£ãֶӡִϣ
ԲҪҶȰȻ
ģϹͥܣҵʼдڰпͥ磬ͥˣţЩԶͶҹͥˣҪ֮Уʱʱ̱֮֮̿ΪĽֻ֪е֮֮ʹƿأЩԴ˵֮ƿأˣǲ÷֮ˣ£ҹͥشܣʹȥʲôҲö֪
ǽʹߣ
֮ͥΪֻзûйʵʸ񣡡
ҶͻȻ뵽һ棺ھɽ磬ľɱǡţͷƿصľ֮ţĪҲǰС
֮ҹͥǿھɱɽһֶζѣ֪ҹͥʺ˴ҹͥҹͥ
ĺؿҶȣ˽ɱ㡭ĪҲֶһμӹеĴ
ţҲǲǰ£ģ̹ףպѡ񣬲㻹øңϹͥ칬֮£
칬
һиݣΪҲǷ칬Ĵڣĳһ̶ϣϹͥһģֻͥƷ칬˽ΪΪԪٴνͥңͷ֮Ŀ£
ͥϹţ칬ϸԪҲйţǴδ߳ɽ磬Ԫ֮һΪԪ䣬ʲôԭͻȻĳһ죬ͻȻ
̤ͨǳΪϴ֮·Ԫ֮Уδʲô⣬ϸԪ𣬲֪ǲҪԭ򣬹ˣķ棬֮ͨ·
ˣҶȻԾؿġ
ƽӦԾӦõģΪֻͻưĴڣʸ̤֪ܣȻҲپͷҲŹеܣҲپͷ̤֮ΪСŵԶ޷̤Ľأ
Ҷȱ𺳵ı飬ȻֹǿҵĿҺȻ뵽һ㣬ͨΨһͨǴԪû˳Ϊ󣿡
㡭˵ˣ겻ѡ
һˡ˲Զ죿
Ҳ֪Ҳֻа֪Ӵ棬ϹͥҲϹŶȥۣ̽ͥҲûǸʵ̤Ϊ칬Ĵڣ
Ŷ
칬ΪǰļԪֻڰУΪһֱڹΪǣǹػߣ
칬ǹػߣ
һܣҶ𵴡
ֲ칬˰ԵԳɽִߡ
ֲãǬ˹ۡɴ۶һһǰֹ
ֲãû˸ҷ칬
һУԭġ
ֻԭ̫š
칬ǹػߣǴǳԽɵ磬磬ֱӹ
̫СˡƺҶԺ۵˻
Ժֳ֣һڵգﱻѹ޷
ҶȴʱףǺεȵĴڡ


1365 ͻ
ƿأԶ֮ǰûй֮ɵŵƿأӦеĹؼ
һ̣ͻȻһ칬йϵо޴ϵζʲôӦûʲôˣΥ칬־ΥҪѹնɱ޷̤磡
йϵ
һ޴磬ҶȵԺ
磬۷壬ס
κһ󣬶˿Կģ칬˴ǣǵô˭ȥ칬
칬ΪǿᡢԵר
˭ҷ칬
ļֻ̾߼ģƿأȻй
ô칬һ󣿡һȥ⣬Ӧ˵ʵпسҶǰ
Ǻǡ
ݸһЦʱǲҶȵѹĳˣ͸š߹˵Ĵ𰸣޷㣬ҲֻаĴڣٵİ񣬲ܻص⡣
Ҷ̾ˣϣ칬ȴԵռݹƣٻѹˣ̫ɶ˰ɣ
ָֻǷȴͻأȻһЦԡԷҳȥֻͥйͥʵ칬⣬Ǹˣ֮ǰǷʵҲҪһ䣬ҲҪʵ
ҶȵĻش𣬳״ǵϣǺǣ˭ѳԽĶԸ³ģ
㡭һۡ
ҶͻȻ֣ͷһҵƣģδ칬֣֮δԼȥգҲϹͥҲ칬ֻԼ
ߣ˵ɣļҶȵɪģǲףΪδһͷΪ³
ಣ
ȻһӰֶתҲĮ
ء
ָ䣬޾ͳҶǰſСһ磬һʬ壬Ѫܵ˳
һʬ壬ɫʱ԰ɫʧɫţ޷ţʬĺԽ
Ҷȿתʵһأ
תҶǰش𣺡ˣ˶ǲ֣֣ˣһҪԱһȥˣʣһˣնɱ
ʲôԱ㲻֪ޣ
Ҷȵ˵ޣʵطؽ׻Ҷȼͷ
ಣ
תҲΪһ⣬Ҷڡ
ǸҺܶˡ㡢ɱ
ľþδʬʵУعͰҶȵˣ޲ϰҶɱ
ΪϹͥ㣬ֳ˾ռ˰ɣˣ޹Ϲ֣֮ͥٵţӰУģɱҴвĵ˶ѣ
Ҳʲôö
ҳϣӷ翪ʼұʹøֶΣﵽĿģɱԽԴʲôûɹңΪһǿաɶˡʬŻģ治ʲôö
㻹Լʥˣ
û˵ʲôʥˣģɽ編򣬾ǴС㣬СϺףʣĸˣĸľͷû£ôɾɵӣű⣬ôɵ˾ǶӦӦ֮ŻΪ֮飬㿴飬жܶȻ淨֮ģʵĹ֮ʱſ죬ˣ
淨򣬾ȻνԼǡʥˡļһǲαļһԡҪҵʥˣԼҲδԼʥˣȻҲʲôʥˣ޻һֱ֪ߣҲᳬԽߣ˽СԽǺãҾ͵棬ʳҵõǿ˳һ䣬ˣջΪᱻĳӳԹ⣬ʣҿȡļֵΪãҴӲһУȻÿ˶ɡͨôҵΪνġʥˡ
򵥵һ̺˻ǷανĸУ״ҶȵĵߣȻһŭͷ֮
ѻĵϹͥ칬һйҶȱǸҵ֮ˣˣ³ϣ
ķĬˡ
ϹͥԴԾӣ·ϹͥУʥˣˣϹͥǰһĲֵǼαСˡ
ֻϹͥ˾ӣ֮£νĴʲôƷ칬ʵͷǲ伫Сˡ
򣡡
Ҷȸ߸Ծ浱Żĵ棬ֺݺݵץڶʬͷһٸ֣ػҴɣ
ಣ
֣ͨҶģͷų˵ʼͷ̫һֱնʬ
ٵʬ壬ǿģѱת飬ʬѪ⡢ۣʼ̫һ룬Ϊ
ؼ֤Ļ飬Լ棬գĶ÷裺ħֱǶħ޲磡
ħұɾϹͥҪʥ࣬һ߸ϣΪǵģϹͥաȡǵǾ;Ӧã
ĵڣ޷ţ޷Ϲͥ
ҶȲںˣҪ棬ߵŮˣҲҪݺݵѹһѹ
Ů
Ұ޸ӿ¡
̫ˡ
ҶӻҪԵµǿߣһʬ壬ɱΪһ߸ʬ
䣡
ڴʱҶڣӿ֮ҶδӦ£֮γȼյĻ档
ͻȻ棬̧ͷգȻ֮£Ҷȷ·ͷԣԵԴҪͻڣ
͸ͻˣһֻ˲һ룬ͻڣҵȫһ
ҶȺȻֹͣøʬƯһԡ
ͣ

׹⣬ںһ𣬲סҶȣϵȼգҶһƤȼֽ֮ţϵؾΪҽ
¶ǽƵѪ͸硣
עҶһһκϸ΢仯ǰˣĴڣһħ֧ܲԸ⣬ڤڤ֮УֻҶȵĴڣ̫ǿˣڣɶٵһﵽ٣ӵа
֨֨
֮ҶӿѪѪȼգĳ߸Ưռԣ£
ѪѪﵽߵĸ߶ȣȻԽң񡭡ôһĴڣ
Ѫٴζݡ
Ϊپͷɱ䣬ֻһ֮ңȴ֣ҶڣӵаӵеĴڡ
һδƲبɡ

һɹ𣬺ȻӿΪһֻˣҶȲϷУҶڣԺַ𵤡
ţҶڣȼա
յƤʼ
硢𵤡ѪԪ񡭡ͳͳڱ仯֮ȫʧƽӵƽĸоڡо֮ߣԶԿռֻ֣ںϣ
һ̣ŷ֮ҶȽ˿̣ҶѾʽ̤ڡ


1366 շ
ڣҸо֮ǰǿһֹȥԶ޷ӳȥ
ڽ̣ĶҶȽ֣ڣȵס
شµǿߣϹͥϹŶѵ˸ԸһСٱ֮£
ģһδţʱʱ̿Ѱһᣬȡϣ
ȫָ鴦һֱһжҪ߽״̬ڣоãã֮Уʯ겻
Ž泩ÿһ̣ô
ڵ⣬޴ı䣬Ѫһɱ䣬ա½Ҳ׳١
ʱʣһﵽڲ⣬Ҫ㹦򣬰Ѹͨһ飬ﵽڸ߶ȣҪѼǧ깦򣬶ھռ䣬õĵľʱ䣡
侲ǽĸоڷڡ
ȶٴſ֣ץסٿҪΪʬ壬ͷ򣬿ʼ
ոͻƣʿĲˣҪʱۺȵӿҶڣ̣̫⡢޼˻׿ʼ߶ʮҪʼӿںϡ
գΪص̫һ
ա½𵤸̫һ֮У̺ĹڰȻ̫޼˻ΪҶڣ̫ʿԣһ֣Ѿ̫޼˻ס
ͻ֮УҶȿʼ߶̫һ֮Թɹ޽塢âϱ䡢̫޼˻ס
ȻôϹȻ֮ԹֶɹϹŵĴ޽塭
һִױȵĹһִųͷ־ĵϢô˳֣
ˣ֮֮
ıԿռѹƣƯ·ҶһһκɣһҶȴ߶һʱ𺳵òš
䣬֮֮ǲϸԪ֮Уһλ޵ˡǵʱԪ¼УΪ࣬ΪĴڣôԪһСʿϣ
д޽壬ȻֻȴϸԪǸӹϵļԪ֮Уɽǿ˵ţ޽ɣǿˣƼ򵥣Ҫ󾳽磬δ˴ﵽѾ̤㾳磡
Թҹ֮ͥܽУйһЩо¼ǿǳ壬һǿķ
ģȻ֪޵ˣҲ㣬֮ҵõ˼ҵĴУҺ֪һֱ֪𰸵⣬֮ͥУ˭޵йϵ
ҶȣȻܸ֪һУڻĵһҲһĴ
Ǿǹ֮
֮Ƕľ쳵꣬⣬͸Ҷȵģúһ룬һжô򵥡
֪ľ쳱λүүϹͥʲôĴڡ
޵ϸԪ֮Уһλڴ˵еĴܣԴ֮һԦռ֪ͨնɱٵаħϸԪ֮ĩ磬޵λܣδʲôɣҲû֪ʲôطֻ֪һλʦܣΪ̫顯Ҳпռ֮δ˼Ԫ䣬֪Ƿ䣬ܵõ޵˵ĴУ벻ˣҲйأ
ĲǷ԰ƽ˵̫ĴڣҲֻϹۣͥͥһЩɢ޾ͷ֪ĴڣϹɢ޴Ԫûмͥɵ֮УѰҳΪİ취ǹգӦҲڷδӹ磬⣬ʵﵽǸ߶ȣȻͻڹ
̫顭
һİȴİĸоҶԺ
а˲ģҶȿԿ϶ľ쳱ġ̫үүǽ̫飬ô޵˵ĴУ
λ̫һλͨĴܣδңȴڤڤ֮У֮ңһǴҵϢ֮УӦռо޴ϵ
ҶȰһ̾δ֮գһ̣ƺ⿪ˣҶؿģϹͥжǿߣжٰ񣿡
̹ȻӦ£ʮǿߣһЩϹŶԼн٣ʵľͷڰ񡭡ͥǰ֮⣬İ񣬹ͥӦòˣȻǾ磬ȴûʲôŷֱ𣬰ʵ࣬ǸԶԵƿس̶ȣںϵĳ̶ȣȻԦԽ࣬ڵԾԽǿʢʵԽǿĿǰøԶ˰ɣɵ磬ڹѰҽİ취Ϊ޷ǵģ
Ϲͥǿ¡
Ҷȱûж飬Уȴ𺳣ľͷһô޷ŵ֡
Ϲͥɽǿ֮һ
Ӵ˿룬칬ǿҲͥƽȰɡ
ռĵͳͳң룬ҶȾͲʲô֪Уһܡ
ʱһȻ渵
ûʲôôʹ֪㶯ֽţֶ죬Ҳ޷㣡

һԹޣĵһ˦һö䣬ƯԿռ䡣
ҶȵһץƯģȻ⿪ӡ澹Ȼиֵʣʬ壬дŵͨޣһЩʿʬ壬Լ֮׹Ŀ
ʮ꣬ռٵı
ƳһۻģȻĲʡ鲻ԸģҶȵһЦȻֳս䣺ûģ취ȥɽԸʹߣܵõԴˣʹߵǿɵգð
ᣡ
߶̫Ҷóһ֮߶޼˻ףʼΪϢ֮С
һʱ䣬֮ҶڵںΪһӣһһԪӡ
ģ֮ãҾͲ˵ˣû˿ԣںϣҿԣӣµԪӡں֮ھͿԼԦϢôڵܳױٵܵĵѹƣֻмٵĲ֣ҶȴӼۣͿġ
δϾͰӽ
㡭
ŮˣȻףҶǹڴѹƣݺһŭͻӶ֣ſģΪܱȻΪУʸûУһ˵𣿡
ӣӴԺ󣬻ȻףԶҶȿơ
ৣ
ָһӾʹҶзġ
òռ˰ɣɵ磬˭ݵңǵˡ°ɣʱصһдҪҶ˲վ
ɶ񡭡
ȻĵףԸⱻҶѹǷӡ
˲䣬ףƿʼת䣬ͫĺɫϢԼ깦Żع
ߣ
ҶһݣԾͰģһͬ뿪ռ䡣
ಣ
ĸ߿֮УҶֳ
ȷͨҾȻֻܵѹơƱøӵףںڰУͬһ黨ޱȡ
һȣ
ҶͻȻüͷһ꣬ΧĵطĲ֪˺£˲ãҲһ󺧣ǡǵʿϢ


1367 սʿ
ʿ
顢ʿ飬ͳͳǵʿ
һΪʿǵеࡣ
ʱ˿̣ҶͬʱϢΧҶͷǿӦȫʼϢǣӦ֮ǰͷŵϢɵĲ
ĮȻһƳƱ̿ԣһӦΣǵܵӰ첻Ǻܴ󣬵ԿĻǣڣѾƬռУѰǵϢҪ뿪ֻѡǽ֣
Ǻǣ˵һ㶼ܵѹƣ֣һ಻ƼȻұ֣޷ѪսһҸӦһжˣʵΣ
Ҷۡ
ܵ˿ѹƣ
Ĳ˴ڣһҪܵѹȡ
ߵҶͷų֮˲Ϣͬɵ磬ɵɢӶȥ

ҶȾͼΧգһʮһʿǶͨģͬһͷޣһѰҡ
ջظӦģһʮһˣʮһͷޣǵʵ˲࣬ʵԽ̫౶ռƣǿһһԸ߽ǣȻ֣ǱȻûлģ
һһԸ̸ףҡҡͷ
⽫һսİɣڵҵٶȣ޷ȵģǴӮܣͷڹ꣬ҲûҶͻȻʼ磬һģ
㡭һоĲ
û뵽Ҷ㲻Ĵڣһ㶼ˣҲƿԸġ
ҺһʿΪʵһ٣ٺ١
ҶħǰаЦݣûĸоİѣǸҶϢʪڰա
һᡣ
һͷá޴ޣѪͷŵײжķǿ벱ӣż
һͷһϵĺ꣬Լֻжʮͷȴࡣ

޴ţʪš
ڰһɱٳ֣
ԶڰУҶͬˣŵʿޣӾоħ硣
ƺҵڣѹҶƵʱȻһЦʵԸһٸ֣ȫɣ

Ů˾׼ǳСۡ
Ҷ˲߶񷷨򣬼Ԧռ䣬ͷԪԦһƬϢ޵ؿʿ
֮ȻľҶǱûҪֵ˼

ˣڿӿռе
ڴʱͻȻһ֮ǹǰһԾ𣬴ʿԡ
ͣ
֮ǹǴӹʥǹݻӲԵ޼᲻ݣһǹͱʿԣңҶȻӶ֣ץʿԡ

ʿеľеһ̣ΪҶȵ֡
໡
꣡
ҶͻȻо춯δü޵ķӡһŻؿʼϡ
ٿٿٿ
ٿ֮䣬·ǵʿ֮䣬һĸӦʽŵʿҶɱ޸Ӧʧ޷׷׸Ӧݸǵˡ
ʮ޵ʿǲˣҶһۣԦƿɱ
ħУ
ۿҶȾҪΧ֮С
ͻȻһ˫֮УһӨף·ѩɣղʮָһУͬѩٶ¡

ٵڵܵٵѹƣǶô𺳡
ʮʿͷŵͨʼУײ໥õռҲڲػζ
Ҷȣ̰Цݣͷ򣬰ɱĵʿޣ˲ǧͼ֮С
࣬ҵ
һ޵ˣĺȻҶǰֻͫкڰɱ¾մ˷ּһ̤ˣǷ˻ˣ󣬶Ҫѹ
ǸʵУҶȻһץ֮ǹ֣ȫԹõ׷Ҳ֡
Ҷȣһֳֺڰ֮ǹս
ʧɫ󾪣ܣһ࣬һΪο׼Ԧҵ
ࣿϣ˰ɣҽΪֻ࣬ǵ˼ѣһЩЩͬѣȻԼ֪࣬ν
Ҷȵ̤ԵԦռ˲ʧ

ǹӰͻأǰ
ٶȣ
˴󺧣ϺۣΪһǹӰպײ

۷סҶǹӰ
ǣ಼£ǹӰ˷
࣬ʵҵһ֡ƣޣ˫ֶʱĺڰɷʼӿǹӰӭȥ
䣡
ǹӰڰɷշ˵ıը
ڰ׷ף
ҶͻȻϿգ߶ӡһɹڤĺڰ׷·ڵĿռ䡣
޽֮ȭ
û뵽ҶȻڸ߿գ˹죬ҹԽԽ۸߸趯մһȭ
һɹĺڰȭͻأеˮݣһƬĺڰ꣬һιһ
ʱĵһ͸ҪӲȥЩ˷·ͨʿԵһǿߵ֧ԮӲȥ
ã
ȷƲڴ˵̫á
ҶȻӦһЩʿޣʵȻǿҶֲܱ޼˻ףպԺڰͽ־ѹǣʱ䣬԰С
ϧûʱᡣ
ߡ
ҶͻȻʹ汾ʣԴ
֮գ
һΣҶʩչĲǷϴյеϢһʱ䣬Ľ
ţ춼Ǻڰꡣ
εҵ·ˣҶ׾ʹ߶˴ĺڰǱʶΪҶ˵
֪ߵȡȻУеĲϢǹϢΪ
ݣ
ڰһʱʽˣһ赲ĵ֡
ಣ
ûҶʩչ޷뿪գۣͳһ麹Ļߡ
һˣӦŴ֣Ȼ
˿ϧΪ̫ˣڣﵽ٣ʩչղͨװЩˣɱˣ
㽫ģȥҶת
˭֪ĵݺݵҶȣˣĵʿ࣬Ҹﵽٸ߶ȣȥδй˴Ż
ȥɣҶǰ
㣡ĲѣһԸ⣬Ǳȥ
Ҳȥˣ

˸ոնʹӺ󷽱ڰΧĿռڣ֮ǰǸ˷ŭͳ
ȻҶǰһ޺
໣
ͷ޴Ÿ˺ۣǰǾʿݡ
ƺЩޣʲôµ


1368 ǿ
ɡ
ߣ߲ˣİԹͨ񣬷йҶϡ
һȺ߹һȺޣҶҪ׼ֶˡ
꣡
ĺȻ䣬ͷޣҶǰһͷͷؿʼںϣһǹʼںϣ𽥵أһͷںϾͷޣߴʮɾ޴ǿǰ
Ȼ޷ġ
ҶĶǰ仯סˡ
ӣŸľվһͷǽ֣һߡ

ΣҶҲֻЭֻ߳һͷޣͻȻʲôҶȾͼͣסްСβͣƺӦʲôأ
һˢףߣ
ҶȼصЦˣҵҪֻޣЩʿε³
ĪʲôֲɣƺҶȵıУӵʲô濴˷
𣡡
֮һԶӺԶش
ҶڵȵˣΪӦԼԪϢȫͬϢ֣ҲǸӦԲŻͻȻѣҶȸֶ޴޺󷽵ĵգʱ򣡡
һԵĻģ
ڵʲôյҲԣ
߶龻Ϣ͸Ӧһ󣬲֮ұӦˣȻѰһʱˣҺͻٴγֵϢǿңҲܲ׽׼ȷλã
Ҷ
ţһӰƿռٶ֮١
ٶȣô㻹Ҫ죿ȱǿԺðһʺţҶȡ
ҶͷΨҶױȵİʲôֵģҵķںγɣȻֵõһ屦ںϣڵھĺ԰ףΪڵ޿ֵԭɣ
ˡŷ֣Ҷѹɲá

Ȼһս׵꣬գҶǰ
ҶȵķҶһģһգҲ󲿷ֻͬҶȵһݹֻͫޱߵĺڰ
ǵڵǣɹѹɢˣɣںʮ٣֮顣
ʵҶͻȻȻ˵
һײͷŵսףսѥȭסͷɫ
ƺɫڵ
һҶǰһԶͷ£Ȼ޷ɫضҶ˵ϴ꣬ʱɳøʢҪԴʱʱ̶̿ô޴ҲУΪʱʱ̶̿ڵõʬ壬֮ѡ̤󾳽磬⣬ʵԼҲ뵽
󣡣Ĳ˺һû뵽ǰӣȻȻһ
ҶȴлķԱ˴ˣ֪֪ףҶȼͷ˵Ĳҵȷû뵽ڵ˳ܺãѸоѳһ׳С
ءء
ͻȻްСβͣһַ״̬ڷǰ
ⶫһƳޣɻ
ޣһʯͷУ塭
Ҷ΢΢һȻʹ֮ɫޣ˼ϢһѪԪݣΪޡԷһݵ⣿ƺеһ궯
⣡ٿޡ
໡
ͻȻɾͷγɵľ޴ޣʼ
תͼЩǱʿƯ޺󷽡
ҶٴУǷȴֶ֣ʿ
˭ǵ߹ʿ˲֪㲻ǵʿҶȽֵˣƺҶȵĹϵ⣬ӷ
磬һλʿߵȻʿ
ȻҶȣҲܷŹǣʿǵʿʱʱ̿ÿһѲߣǰϢ¶ȥÿһǵӰӣ
ҵ˼˼ҶһЦ
ɱ
Ŵִ֣߶޴ޣȶ֡
ſ죬Ȼ¶һڶײе£һڣҶһȥ˿⡣
˵ĳȻԶǿƾ޷ء
ٿ
֡
޴ҧҪ̴ʱȻſƣһƴҧڷ֮ϡ

ѹĳҶĳ衣
ܣ
Ŵ֣һǿ־塣
ΪǿһСĴڣȻ֣͵ס޵Ĺңûܵ˿Ӱ죬ŷ˲֣֧ء
𣡡
ͻȻָץס

䣡
ʼٿȻϣȻ޴壬ʼȻ飬գ۾ͳΪһźĳ
ԱߵĻģ֮ǰΪһͷ˿̣֤̾ǡ
㡭ӵŴ֣ŵöû˿
ǵƶȣҾһߣǰ϶㲻ϣ𣡡
죬ԵضžŴʿָһ
ֻǣһѣ
䣡
һſռ鱬ը֮ٿھΧ˿ˣû¡
ڵΪߣЩʿϷ壬Ƕһػһ򣬳Ϊ֮ӵеʿҲЩʿֻײʿˣ
˲ɱŴ֣תҶȵȻĮ޶Ķ
Ҷ˿澳˼򵥣㣬Ϊ˻ȡӣǰãԶŵսʱգӡ⿪ͷǿߵĲ飬Ӵ˻£ұΪһɽ硭һ̫Ҫ֣ͬѹ飡
Ŷ΢΢һ
ҶȼԶսһʱգһɽ磬ԶӡԵɺ֮£Ұγӡ֮
Զţ磬εսսյķգʧʧܴڵģѾˡû£ϽһˣʹӦˡ
ɽʱ£̲סҶʵ
Ҷȿ𣺡֮ǰ÷ģһɣĿģҲҪһ
㴳ˣڵʮ꣬Ȼ֪Ŀ¡
ĮȻΪںص𣬲̫ģ鲻ͬûнûյɵ壬ͻΪ֮ͬ壬ûеѲ
Ҹ飬ǴŹԣҿԺ׸ӦǣԵ飬ҪȥӦҵʵ̫Զ
ɵ磬ҲҵһΣ
ȥ׼һ
֮ǰԤһʲôҪҰæѾźһУھͿԳҡҡͷ
ģһ÷Ľͺ£ʱ䲻ҲӦ⣬һ뿪Ƭ棬ҪӦǣ򵥣ҿûʱ䣬ͷŹһ
㡭
һȫ䣬Ҷ̫ˣʱʱ̶̿ڵЩ顣
ಣ
Ҷȵ߶Ȼת߿գԹ޵صһҶȣȻҲһͬһ


1369 ɽ
Ҷĸǿߣзƿص˴ӵ뿪ֻʱ뿪֮󣬾ֵҶȴ߶ǧͼˣ˲ӷ޵شֱӷɽ硣
һɽ硣
ǧͼȷɽһռ
ûã˾ʹǿ߳ٴγǰĻǳʪڰĽ磬ǹ貵ɽǿա
һαҶͨ㡣
Ҷд㣬֮壬ԷԴͷǴһɽ磬￪ʼȥֶ쿴ʱĶ
ͨĴʱڹһƿأͽҰɣҵʵҪӦһɽ飬ҲǰѣȫϢǵڰͷɽ籾Դ
ȥҶ뵽һʮص⣺֪Ҳħ
ѸӦйͬԪϢɽ֮дţħ𣿱ǿԸӦħħҲԸӦǣããɽ֮УҲ޷˳ҵĴڣѸӦϽڣֵģնɱҪشۣҡ
͸Ÿֶ¼įϢһд񷣺˵նɱħһΣԵڶΣУĴڣħȻҲڲͬģ֮նɱħջҪģ޷㣡
ҵķڵնɱħ
ҶȺЦݣԼת˲Ƴһۻģʧǿ֮С
𡭡ħֺγǣ
ֻʣ·ȻصͷһɽԨƺܴɽ翴͸䣬Ȼ߶һ֣ɢȥ
ͫص⡣


ǳ֮⴩ͨУҶȿƴǧͼֱӱɽ磬һԾȴţ𺳿Լһɽ磬ֱӴԽصɽ硣
Ҷȸոյɽ磡
֮ʣʮٷһһΧ߿գ˲Ӷ
ʦ㣬뿪ɽ磬ȥ½ɱ飬ͽ鱦־ʥʦģ
ˣɽңɽ֮ľʱ뿪Ҳ޷ɽǷܼȻ
Ѿ÷ʱԤǿ߹ɽ磬˷ģǾŴֻҪپͷǶԱʥɳ𣡡
ʦܣҺѵļʱڸɽ籬֮壬ǿѣķԪ౾½ŵҲһһ½磬û٣ΪˣʦһɽţǨɽţΪִϣпվ͸ϿһˣҪ㣡
⿪ٷ
ٻɾͭƻξһЩ˵˲䱬Ҷȶơ
ȥʥɳǣ
Ҷȿ˿ԶξԻһʱ䣬̴߶ǧͼŻʧȥ
ɽ磡

գۣѽɽ֮УƯڸ߿գҶȷɽڵϢʮңȻҲӦľ쳵ʶ֮ۡУҶƿ֮ʥɳǷȥ
ಣ
ʥɳǣٸɾ̫ľҶҶԶҶҶĪȻʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졢䡢ᡢˣ̴ӹ߿ա
ʱҶĴԶռԦͨӶ˲˵߿ʱͬʱǰ
˼ҶȣȱԱߴİŮӣŴǿ߲ʧɫ̾پͷ
ҶȵڽܵϹͥشµһϹŶģپͷӴ˱Լˣ
֮УϹ̫ͥľʮֿ϶صͷ
ҲǹͥʿƳһ̫ľ·˲䣬Ͱ̫ľΪϢƿء
ɽңȻ뿪ʥǸĿǰʵȫԶԿκǿߵĹһǸߴң֮ңɽʽɽ綯ʱڣʲôǿ߶п֣ܳʲôͷпԣ߾裡
Ҷ룬ÿһϤˡѡֵܣůޱȣȴָоѹأС㣬ʮٶٸ֣Ҵ飬һһһͻڵľ磬ǻ̤Ӿ˵ľ磬ˣҵĸף塢ҵֵǣȽҵռ֮УʼչУʥɳǣʮͷػ
ǵʱ䲢࣬ǿ߿ܽǣҲܻ½ɣ
Ҷ˵֮꣬λ˲ͷųһͨ
ಣ
ҶҶԶͷʮˣ֮̽У棬ҶѾռ䣬дԴÿС
ʱֻʣ»ġͭƻ״ۡǧʮλٸ֣Ǻúػʥɳǣʱڣһ֮أ޽̫֮գʺϣɽǵһѡǱаɣ
İɣÿ˶бʾֻлڳĬ
һٸ֣ǿߣһٸ֡ȻϹͥ칬ڵȴʲô֮УҲ԰
ಣ
˲䣬ҶȾͳڶľ쳸ۡϿա
ˣɽˣܶǿ½ϴǹͬþ֮£û뵽ɽôͱˣ
ľӰӸ֮ۡ߿գҶ档
ҶȱȭʩȻʵӣɽ磬Ҫ
ҶȣţѾڽһٵĹ֮У޽֮ظߴʱգһܵʱգ뺫ѩӡөӣͻƣ£޽֮ش߶ٷһᾡ㣡
Ҷ󣬳Ĭһʱ䣬û뵽ľ쳻ôϣɽ磬ʵһ⣬ӣүүǲǽ̫ǰ
ô֪ģƽеĶľ쳣־ȡ
һԹͥϹŶУãת潪ǰлİӣɽӴ˾ͱʥɽˣ
һģɽ硭ǣú÷չԼϧɽ綯֮УүүҲ޷ֹܶ⣬ҪɣɽĿƷţ
ľ쳻֮䣬һ򣬱Ҷȡ
ಣ
ͬʱľʧˡ
ľ쳶ɽ磬ɽ綯ңѾ޷ʰľƣ
ҶתͰ򣬸սͭƻɽӴ˸Ϊʥɽ磬߶ǧͼعֶ졣
֮ǰ
ǳ֮УҶȲ־޴ֹĵӣѾﵽ֮Уÿռ䣬еС
ʦܣɣ
פƬ̣Ȼξڲ͸

Ҷ̷
ֽ磬߲ռ䡣
ҶȳʱмλѾڵҶȷָ߿տռ䣬ֶĹ鷨ߣɽĸ߲㡣
Ҷ뼸λϻ棬֪֮󣬾ͻصԼĹС
ˣһԵȴҶȡ
һξһǻ
Ҷ޵빬ȭʩ񣺡ʦ㣬ʦ֣
ʦܣ񣡡𵭵һЦ
ξĮǼʱŽϣŴ󲿷ֵӣѰٺãСֵӡţӶȥ
Ҷ£ھǾ㵵ʣɽҵֵزˣ
ξҺѣɣţʧأ֮УҲŶɹһξ޴Σ


1370 ٻľ
𣿡⵹øոµҶȣЩ⡣
ʦܣ㷢ϢãԼʮ꣬׼Ǩʱɽͱ֮ңɽ硢ű֣֮ŵɽֻдھɽţһڣͳͳţǨ֮¸ոɣɽҲ֮ң޷ԤϵǣǱ޽֮صǿߣ׷½磬Դ£ʥɽš޼ڡޱڶ޷⣬ֶܵʧˣ
ɶǳһš
һôʿǿĪ⣬һѹ˿ɵϸǿ½磬ڲѣһҲſܣ
ξӦһȻؿҶȣڣͬˣڱ֮Ҳ֮󣬾½飬ھŵʮ䣬ԴŸ֣ɱ½֮У
ڵҵĴ硭뵶ܣ޷ֶǰǣҶʵ뵶ڹϵ
û뵽뵶˹ϵһֱһĪƣͻȻ䣬һƬ
ڣôǿ峬Խֶ̫࣬ҶȣȻִϵ˲벻ҶΪ԰쵽ֲ顣
ξͫͷĹһݴüţǰãҶİġ𡯣ȻȻͥͥ۽֣Ҫȡͥ
Ǻǣİ۷ʱڵʵӦò࣬ԸȻҪɽľͷ֣Ԫ֪һûеóѰɣ
ϣֹ̣֮ͥû֪ǽͥĻҲĬĬȥѾ֣һĪĪʦܣһˮɣ
ʱξͫУһݼЦ
ɽȻңּһɽ紦ڷ궯ҡ֮УϾÿԼ̣ɽ绹δﵽ޷ʰĵزⳡ粨ԽԽңջʲôӣ˭Ҳ޷󣡡̾̾
ҶȳĬˣξ뻪Ҳһᡣ
ҶȺȻˣſѹ֮壿
ξ׵һ𣬰˼ѾɽɢȥŰѹ֮͹Чÿ춼иţͼ֮е֮壬ֽôѹţ
һٶ֮壡
˵ѾһС֡
Ҷȵʦ㣬һ½磬Ѱ֮ѹ֮£ҿһʱ޷˼
ȥɣ֮ǲʲô䣬ֻʦ𽻸㻹Ҫжţûд£Ҳģ
ҲǰǸӾġ
һ֮ҶȾͶ뿪ֽ磬˼࣬Ȼʹ죬纺һͬ½ȥ
ɽ磡
һƬɽ֮⡣
һɵڸ߿вϱ
ٻɲҪ̫żˣƬɽ磬󲿷˱֮ԪһֻΪ֮壬ܶ࣬һͬ
ǧ𳬼ٵǿǰնƲվԱߣܵٻ
ٻһɱ
նһ䶣ٻɱѹƣصͷ
鱦ϢǧҪ߶̫ٺ٣Ԫϲģ칬һֱӦǾϼ
ħҲһ䡣

˿̣Ӽžɽ·һǿߣնǰϥصٶʿʬʬԪӲþҪ뿪һɽ磡
ն쳤ۣ磬Եڵǿǣ汾һͬ߶ѹȰɽѹƣһŴ򹷣
ǣ
˷ͳߺ֮
˾͸ն졢ơٻ󣬷ɽϷһǧ֣𽥵ɢƯɽ˷
ᣡ
ಣ
նһ߶ӡһ͵ɽϿա
ٿٿٿ
˷ǧ֣ͬʱͷǿնһ㡣
ˣ
һɽ֮γ󷨣Ƶؽɽ磬ɽ磬һƺֱˡ
ƿٻٻٺ٣ȥɣ
ǣ
ٻƮݵһԾΧڸ֣һ֮ͬУն졢꣬кüٸ֣ڽ֮⣬Ԥ֮壬ƽӳ졣
ڲ
ɽ粻Ǽžġ
ײеϢ߿գһŤ沿ޱ顢ƽʬʿմѪɽͻȻɱ硣
ɱ
൶˷һڵǿߣԾջӶɵʿһԵ
ɣ
һʿߣɱǿߡ
ͻȻһӰǰٻ
һץһֱ֣ʿ濹⡣

ٻ֣ԵذʿúˣûͰ֣ݺݵѹʿϷ
ѪߣԼѪߵںϣһ֣ٻѹס֮˲䣬һѪʹʿԺ˵ѪԪ
ͻͻͻ
ȻΧðʿ
ͣ
ٶ̫죬һٻ޷Ͽճ˫ֵ£ٻ󱳣ץѪۣĶʼ˿ڸáٻ
ΪΣ˶ʿԭ
ֻǣ˶ԶԸ綾ڵõҶһʮٻ˵һҲûС
綾˲䣬һɰȻͿʼɶõ˿ڣһһʼϡ
鱦
ٻʹ࣬ȻһʿͻȻ֣ʿɱʱͻأӿһϵʥ
ʥವһ߸ߵطڰձðɾ޴󣬵£պѹʿ뱦֮ڡ
ֻΪСٻġ
֣оûٻıӰУҼֵܵӰӣ֮⣬·һУն춼ƿ
ħ꣬ٺЦȻоˣϴͽܣûϴӰӣûʸվ
ٻɳ࣡Ϊݣο

ڣһʿʿΧȻѲڣ൶ʿƺѾˡ
֮Ŀʼϯ֡
Ѫʥ¯
ĺȻ䣬ٻǰ˫һƣһȼյĻ¯ʼǿߣʹ𽥻öһѪȼյĻ¯ɡ
֣ﻹмֵܣˣ
ٻͨ£ǿת
ʿģս֮Ϊ׳ѡⲻǶĽ
ʿӡ綾õǿߣһѪⱻһ룬¶ǰ׹
õġ
Ѫʥ¯
һΣٻһʮɴĻ¯˷һХ֮ˣϿ綾𵤣һжˣ
ã
ĵʿ
񡭡㿴ŰɣһǿΪʦʦǰǿߣӺڰд
ٻҧ߶ô޴Ѫʥ¯ҲѶȣһģʸ־壺ʦҲʧ
ٻ
˫۾һֱٻһĻ


1371 
ֵܣ
֮ϵն죬ȻӦʲôϲѡ
ħҲ߿գУǳ֮⣬𽥽ٶӰ
Ҷ纺
ٻ˸ˣҶԶüͷŷĵο
˴ŵڸ֣ӭҶ纺նЦζҵڶʿȥ֮գֵܣã⼸ʮ꣬ѹǧʿ
ǧ𣿡
ǵڣ
ɽţһѹϰʿ½Щ꣬ھŵʮѹ֮£ѹǧ֮顣
һֵɵο֡
ҶʵںδҪ飬ƳΪ֣ΪѰʥɳǴ󲿷ˣռ䣬ʵ߸࣡
ҵڼ棬ѹڲԶһɽ֮Уｻٻ뵶ڸû⣬ȹȥ
ն˵ͷµڴ󲿷ָ֣ơҶȡ纺շȥ
һ˷дŰʱһžΪɳǣ
ɳǣһӴķ󣬸ڰգΪﵽٵĵڵ棬һƷӡ
Ǽն죬ʾ⡣
նơ纺ٻվڷӡ֮⣬׷׿Ҷȣֵܣ¾Ϳˣ
ಣ
Ҷһ׽ӡ֮С
ƿطӡĵڵ棬оѣҶֶΣǶ޷Ԥѹ
֮С
ҶǰһסʿȻײе·Ѱᡣ
ʿնɱȴ׶ԸԪЩѹʿǵ棬ҪȫնɱʵնɱǵǱ飬ǵĲǿ飬ͳԽˡ
ѹЩʿֻȹܵشԪܵǯƣſԳѹ
龻֣
ҶһԾ˲ǧ֮ϣ˫һӡһɹ޵Ļ龻֣ͷŵԹ⻷ʼǧԺ塣
λ棬ҪֵܵϢӷӡͷų
⣬ն֪Ҷȵı˴ͷŻ龻֣ȻͷűϢв칬񵽴ǣò
֮󣬱ͷŸǿӿӡ
棬ʵͥϹŶ಻֣ҲгԽ٣
ˣ
ӡڡ
صĹ⻷Ծ
Ҷȱƣһ龻ֵӰʿ
ģʿı仯
ƺڼɵʲôʼȻǱϢʼײĿҲ𽥵ƽ
꣡
ûȶãһ޵Ļ棬Ҷͷųͬһֻˣÿһʿ
𡭡ǿҵ𣬾ǰҲ޷Ԧ𰡣ƽ棬ǶܵһʥϴǲϾ̾
ͣ
һʿʼȼգǵʧԵ飬ΪԹâȼյںϣΪҽ˴ľѪϢԹ⻷ʼںϡ
ţһſӳˡ
ϴʿƳ̺ʢӣֵʵˣħ̰Ц
ᣡ
ҶͻȻ˫һϣ龻ֵӰȻʧһǧӣ⵭Ի棬׷Ҷȵġ
һҶȾϢ뿪󷨣ն졢ơ纺ǰ̻֣Ϣ纺֮У磬Щӣʵھ޴֮󣬶˵˵ڣһǧӣһ뽻磬ʣģˣ
ҾͲˣ
նץסӣȻóӣӡΧ
磬ɽΣҶȹʵ
һɽ磬Ҿŵʮ䣬ŵڸһһѰʿɳǶɹΣѣصģɽ£ʿܶ࣬ǲǿ󣬾ͻ̤߲ɽ磬ҲЩҲڶԸʿ˵ңģ΢
նָ侲ŵ˵飬µɽţһһ뿪ǽɢǻ޽֮ǿߣӶԴҵڽ֣ǰã֣նɱһ½پͷǸոս٣ӦǺ鷳
Ҷȵͷֲھɽ磬оֶ컹ƽɽ硭ҶȵͷȻЩ˴֮ƣǾͲҪɱɱ˲ţѹΪãȥѷѹһһͥϹŶǵʵǿһ֣
ħȻ˵ϴôˣ㲻˵ǰоķڤڤ֮УЩ΢˱仯ڵЩʱ䣬һɻ󣡡
һѣҶҲЩ̫żϽ
Ǹ粢磬ڵĻҶΣնˣ״ȥԤƿء
Ҷҡҡͷ̾ȷйһЩ޵ĸӦڶԷ޶ٵĸ֪Ϊ̤󾳽磡
󣡣
ͻȻˣ纺Ҳ¶һȻ
Խ𣬶Ҳһǰ㣬ֿܣܡ
ͻأͳΪʵ
ЦʵҲ֮УϾռıԴ֮أΪʲô
Ҷһ̾ɽΪһʱ֮ңǵһҪ£ڷȻԼ֮Ժæˣʱȥһ
նȻ뵽ʲôӾ侲ҶȵֵܣȻѾǿɽ磬Ǿ޵еĴڣɽ磬ȻɵغԽ÷Ը޷ԸǿߣɱͥնɱߣõԴ
৶Ҷȡ
ɡ
ӵҶȵͨҶȣţҶݺɵ޵֡
ҶȴˣⷽҲ÷ԸħԸǬ칬ҷȥȻҵķҲԼпռ䣬ӵҿɲϢԪ©ȥһлǵÿԼȥŬӲħᣡ
ȻҼֵܣնͷ
磬ƼϷɽ磬ȥһɽһɽ翪ʼһе飬˵ĲǵĻᣬҲǵٴɽ磬ΪɽĻᣡ
ã
նûκ顣
һ纽㣬Сģ
ţ纺໥ݳһЦݡ
ಣ
Ҷ纺ƿնȥ
鱻棬ǣ˿̣ˣ
ȥŵʮ˭鷳ͽ鷳Ҽֵ˵ĲǵڣҸ״˵䣬ɽʧ֮ãҵ֮·ʮӣ鷳ϣŵʮϹŶתҶǵʺ򣡡ն˲ץһӡ档
һ˵ͷģƱת
ಣ
ߣƿնȥ
նֵ֣ҷˣȥԶɽ磬ӦϢһֱˣٺ٣
ħаЦЦնһһұ꣬ʱշٷȥ


1372 ɨ
һɽ磡
һƬâ֮Уս׵ķУҶ纺վһԣͬʱ߶龻֡
޵͸һɽããǿ֮С
ˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ﵽزĻ龻֣Ȼ𣺡нʿԶƬǿգԽǿ֮еһ򣡡
Сǧߣ
ٿ
ǿշҶ纺ͬʱǳ֮⴩ȥ
ֻһ
ҶȾ纺һźֺɫǰ߳ΧҲƯһЩ򣬻һƬÿԴʮֳ㡣
ٴһֺɫ磬ǰ޴棬˲С
䣡
ɽסһƬ޴ɽڣһɣʱ籣ɽΧΧһЩޱʿ߶ǿĪԴݿ֮ƣ˺硣
ЩʵԲ磬Щʿɱ֮ڣڲһƬѪɱ
Ҫ𣿡
ڲߣ֮֮ڻҳ棬Ѿ޷֡
һλߣŵ䣬ѡһΪԸѡǾǷŻǿֿȥ
ֿʵ
δ
ŻѪ޽ɣ˭˵ͷ˭Ը⿴Լļ԰ս֮У
ͻȻһģˣƺûа취õȥ
и߲㣬޷Ŀ⣬ʱͻȻһ𾪵֮Ӹ߿ս
ڣе뿪ţֶӣǰ֧Ԯڣ
ֶ죡
䣬и߲㣬ʿɱĵӣϣ
еӣ룡
ٿ֮䣬߶һ

ǧӣϴӾ޴ɽȽзգеһѪеһ綾ڸãеɵĸʬ
ƣ˺ۣÿͫϣżϣͬʱǼӸ߿սӰ
ȷֶˣ
ۣɽĸ֪һĴڣֶ죬ʮƯɽķŽٶӰ
ɹ
ΪִֶϣҶȷΪ룬飬ҪֶݣΪ
ƲƲƲ
صɹ⣬Ҷ˫ִ߶ӡΧϵӿڵǰɹĻӡ

ɹڽ֮ϣ׵ںϽ硣
һĻڵ𺳡
ɹʼڽ칬γɣ·۾һ㣬׼ȷزסһʿе黹ߣҲоɹǿ󣬵ǽҲɹ
ǣ޴ӡ
ҶȵֶͨΣڸ߲ڲܴ𶯡
ٸ߲һһ䣺ǿֶ죬˵ΪĪǴ˵еڣԸô飬׶٣
Ҳ֪ڵ棬ȱʷϻδдﵽڵĴڣ̫Сˣֶǰ㲻ʲôڣֶΪĿ꣬еҲҪڼУ
ǣ
߲Ĵ
գ
Ҷȵ׳ֽ䣬ٵͻȻһͨҶᷨӡٶȣɹ⿪ʼֽգţһסʿײСŭطͳͳ޼¡
ֽͬϺƵģϡﻩС

ˡ
֤ԳһɽڶʱڣΨǴϣ
ڣŸܵشѹԴ̫ͨұֶ죬͹һΪŵ̱Դ
УҶ纺ԵĪ⣬ͬס
лֶȫڶɹѹأ
еӣöԼģΪẉ̂ѹԴȻŷԴ޷ĳ̶ȡ
һһɽ磬޷Ĵڡ
˿̣һжʵ
һһͨҶ˵ë㲻ϣǣΪֶĹףȴ޴ġ
ಣ
Ҷ˫һһԣһӲԲȦڽȻҶȶſָһץ
һͬصİȻ
¡
ڽ磬Ȼ飬Ͽʼᡣ
ಣ
˿Ŀת˲ܰѽᣬǲףҶǵĵˣǸһϣûС
ǿߵ
˲ˡ𣿡
عڲѾȣһŨҵԴвյҶ纺Ѿ֪֮ʣʧȥ
ߵתͷƿеӣλŹģӡʥأһʥ񣬶ҵӣÿʮ꣬ҪΰһΣţҲҪˣȥڤڤ֮е֮

һƬǿ֮һƬУƺһ½һ鹥С
ֺɫ֮ǿգҶ纺ڸΧһһӦΧûϢ֡
ǣӰȻգҶǰ
ͨҶȶ޷
ҶȵͷӰʧˣϴ߶ǧͼСǧ֪ǵط
֪һȽϴĹϴ½õһЩԴôȥҲ֪ǿ½Сǧش
Ϲȥ
û⣬磡
ǳ֮⿪ʼҶ纺ƾվʧǳ
ת˲Ҷ纺Ưһһɽ磬ټĴ½֮⡣
½ΣһСɫĹͷųңһǿڱš
Ҷͷ̸½
ܿ죬ϵҶȵĸӦи֣½ڲţʮǳأԼ˿ǧˡ
ۣҶȿ纺нǧ֮࣬ǻ飬һֱѰҶ󣬶½ŵˣеʥأ֮Ԩӳ󲿷鶼Ѷ壬ⲿ鵹Ǻ⣡
纺ͫƽ˵ɫâ岻ѹϴζҪѹǵȶ֮󣬳Ϊֻ֣֮һнǧˣ֣
ƽѷȻ޴Ĵֲۣȴûзͨﵽ󣬵ǿ˲߶ԪĨɱЩʶԵĲԪԪ߶ȣ߶ȣ֮Ҳﵽ֮ĸ߶ȡ
ǧҪɣ
ҶʮھΣˣֻת±仯Ī⣬졣
ַּ鳲Ѩ
ӰȻִңԶǿգ׼ȷҵҶǿա
ǧͼ¼
Ҷ򵥽䣬ʧȥ
вѿʼˣϴ½ʼ𶯡纺ȻҶȣΪҪ߳Ҷ̫࣬ȻҶߣҲвͨӦ
Ǿȴӱ˿ʼһѹռһЩʿЩ֣
Ҷ߳һϴ½ϧ̫޴󣬶̫࣬ûһˣǿ԰½һͬ
ˡ
纣ߣ
˼죬ȫֹϴ½Ҷ纺߶ͨͬǻǿգ˲ϴ½֮С


1373 
½ڲ硣
ȻһƬѩããĺأջѩڣƮƱգۻ겻ıѩɽֲѩǣǻΪ
ڱѩ룬ߣȴбѩǽƬȻ硣
ȥ𺳡
Ƭ½ڵţǻ˾̣ӦóڵֶΣ
ѩ֮УҶ纺Ưѩһ֮⣬ڻ
ţ
ҶȼͷŸӦҪҵ֮λãͨӦԴ½Ÿ˽⡣
ԭϴ½ţֻһţΪš
֪ΪΣһΪγӪڧɡ
Žʱ䣬ż꣬˵δţֻһЩˣŽʱӦòǺܾãȴڣӵڵǿߵ
濴ŶһЩֶΣӵڣǿڰɽ磬ԵһţȴѡԶһɽƫƧϵĴ½нš
Ҷüͷ˼֮ʣ纺ҲͷŸӦ
ȻӦʲôƺҷǷڲмڵϢӦûһһٵĴڡȷģŲ򵥣½򵥣
жٸ֣
ҶȵЩ⣬ûϸӦÿط˿纺һٴͷŲӦֱҷӦȥ
ȻһϵɽȺУһɶ٣뼸ڵĴڡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻָӦʲô
ȷˣ󲿷飬ɽȺ֮ڡ
纺Ҷȣϻ۵˵֮ǰӳ֮Ԩѡһʱ䣬ˣΪ֮壬ǲָɣɽߣУǧ飬ֱʶ״̬ϴ½󲿷ֽɽȺ֮СƺںܴΣ
ǴźܴΡ纣˽ʲôܣǧ飬ɵ磬ҡƻзκζǿˣѹǰпԣ
Ҷ˵纺𽥿š
ߣ
˸Ҫҷ֮УȻҷǳأɳһŤĿ¶׹ˣһ֮壬һٶ׷ʹ򣬶඼ɣдɣҲм
䡭
նʱײ
Ⱥ˷·ûж飬նɱ˼뾡취ץס飬Ҳʶǳ֮Уʼ˾ɣǿ
׷ʿԽںϣҲԽǿҷǳزϻַա
һ̣Ʒת䡣
ɱ
ַɳǧǿߣһ֣ķںϳһɲһһٶ׷ɱˣһϹ顣
ʲô赲İˣ鱻Χ޷ֹʼˣʮ㡣
鹥ţؽһͿ̿ھȻ飬ֱЦ飬ܿƵģ
һߣ˫֣ٴ

鷢һҽУͱģӼͷųһͬסϾţһֻ޴棬ϰա
ߣ
ҷЩˣֻܲʵѡˡ
˼˼ŷΪڣȻŲһ̬ȣҪ飬Ҫ飬ôʹڿʼ֣飬ҪõǵİҶһԿ˴´㡣
纺ͷҶһͬŵǳء
ǳعģһ㣬ǳأһƵĹһЩǳ֮ڣϹʿ
һ߹⣬ʮˣذѸոշӡ飬빬֮С
ڣʮߣɵɲֹϷżߣȻڡ
ץסһ֮壡
빬˶ϡ
ϷһߣߵĴڣ֮꣬ȵʵж֣
һʩʮ࣬̽ӷ֣飬˱ڽ֮У
Ȼȥ
Ա߼ڵߣһȻʧɫ
ϡʧεҡͷ֮浱궨¹أ̤һЩˣýأͲŹ棬֮СŲҰ
Աһվ˫֣ͷŰڳÿˣ˶ֻҪ˹Ƶأϳѹ
ǣ棡
˿ʼ׷뿪
ʱֻʣڵߡ
¿ô죿ѵҪ໥ɱֹǣ
߱˴Ŀⶼһء
رа֮أȻҲţܶԴѵ⣬ǲ̤ĵط
ڲȥֹǣ鱬Ƿ׷״Ӹɽţˣ
Ŷ᧿ΣΪһţʮ飬ͻȥǶٳǳأ˶ٵӣ
ʵڲУֻпս칬
һߣ˵Լ
û˭õϿɣͬ
Щ꣬Ǿӣڴ½֮УΪ˱⣬֮꣬Уô飬һһأοҪ£
λ
ͻأ֮䣬ǿߣ̸취֮䣬ͻȻˣڹ룬ȴãŴǡ
˭
ּһȥ
ת룬Ưĳʱһŵôģֶ֡죡
ҶЦֶӣһɽѰ飬ɣ׷һϴ½֮У

һĺҶ纺ϢǵˣǾûˣֶ죬һһŹ¡
µĹϡߣȭλʱǡãϽţֶټɵţѹ飬ֶ죬Ҳѹʮ飬ţʱ򣬾ֶ죡
ŸպõõһϹʥѹ飬Խһʱ֮ΣڳĨɱ飬ҪŸֲſҶȿߣҲ˵֪Ͻ֮£Ҳ׶ˡ
ҶֳŵĹϡƣλѣҶȣʦĴѰ飬ţȴзִ飬֮УڣڲͣƺҪ飬ʹţҪѹ飬ҪΪУԲŻڼλǰϣҺ
ҶС˵ﻰһΪ඼ЩйֽԶҲҪֹ顢أ֮ãֶϡߣæ˵
ֶڸɽȻйʶ
ԭǻ취Ը飬λðһæ
ߣ׷ױʾҶ纺ĺ顣
Ҷȵɽ綯ңַ֮ңǽΪȻҪٲͬ裬ҲŵּϽ絽½磬ңǾطܶǳءű𣬶飬ɲǵɽ飬Ե磬Զսӳ飡

ߣһʱ
Ե飬ǰȥģ


1374 

Ϲս
ȻǴĳҶɨˣңЩ飬ǿԪγɵ飬ԪǵǺܾˣ飬ͬںϳһ飬ô飬Ƕ٣Ҫɣ֮ǰҼѹ飬ǵ壬Ӧף
ᵽ٣ҶԺӿԪǿߣǶٵĴڣɡ
ǣȴҶȷӡһҶʵƱֻߡ
鷳ˡϡȻɫһǰδеĵ
ŶҶһƳ
ϡһص˵ҶСܣҲ£ŵܣŵӣ඼֪ŵԴкܴĹ
غŵķչҲһ
λõģ˵ĿģΪ飬Ҳֶӣֶ졭ҾͲùܣ
ѿˣƺܣˡ
ҶʲôˣȻǵ˼
Ȼֶ죡ǶʱЩΡ
ֶ죬Ǿֶ֮뿴ǣеԴֶҲӶСš
ϡ߳סһеô˵𣬼ǰƬŴ½ֻмٵ̤룬棬ߣϴ½֮һʲδɽţУһΪɣһɽ磬Ѿ۷ڣ
߳ĬƬ̣Ҷ纺š
ڵ˰㣬ֻʩչԪߣҲһ̷Ԫ֮ȴڤڤ֮бһڵĶѨ֮У붴ѨһɹϵķӡΪԪᱻУպõʱӡ֮⣬һϹȫڽ֮У
ʼˣ֮УҲǳڵĴڣպʶΪʶоԪǿ󣬿Եֵ϶ѨʱӳѨһص仹δʬ壬Ѱ꣬ųɹһ£ǻص춴Ѩ֮Уɵǿ
ʵһҹ֮䣬ͻƵɾ磬ȻڶѨһЩϹӦ̤붴ѨУɵ붴ѨĹйںϣܵӰ첢õ౦֮Ϊ븣أ㿪ţ
ŷչѸͣ౦ԴΪͻͽЩӣЩøԶǰзʱʱֻԽĽ֮УýڲоܣеӻУȥҲδ֪£ͰһЩ߲㣬֮ڣһǿϹſκ˽룬п޷ųӴˣؾͳΪ̸֮ɫĴڣ뿪š
뿪֮ºŽᣬЩɴŽص⣬ΪǰǿһͽйŲ˻һŵĹأõӽأһǺߣȺǿŵĸ߲㣬ãΪһŷңѣѳڣؼǼصǷ̫ǿǰռ˽ڵλãǣֻΧγڡ
ҶСܣŵԴشŵܣһص㣬ȥʱŹ¼ѵ⣬Ϲа֮أܳκ⣬ţһ
ϡ渵ء
ףΪδ󲿷飬ԶڽأɲǼ䣬ҶڻϤһС
ϡɻصرҪ飬κβƵԪ㲻Ϊ棬涼֪Щǽ֮ڣʲô仯
û֪Ϲа֮أʲôܣ
ûУ
ҲһˣҲ˵򡭡Ϊβ飬أ
Χλߣ˵
Ҷȣûκ
Ͼغŵ
´ںܴΣλѣ˭Ҳ֪֮ڣʲôôСҶҲһء
̫޷Ԥϡ
ٸ飬֪ĸ壬Ƕ໥ںϵǿ顣
Ž֮УϹа֮أʲôܣΪδӷ֮һֱ飿
һУͻȻҶǰγһ޷͵⣬Ҷٺܴѹ
ʹ֮ңٷʲôӡ
ôɽˡ
˼һҶȻȻչüߣЩ飬̫£ǵþǴӽץţԶвλʲô취
һߣɭϵʲôð취ֻڿսǴأǲǺ̸ǷԽص֪̽
ϷҲֻͬսȻҪսĶ󣬲ڿսֱɱ֮Уڵǣչһɱ¾ãǿλᣬš
ԱһߣҲͷ˵ļƻ
ߣҲͬı顣
ȻǶϷʹڣʽһͳţ
ϡߣʱͷڵϣȷһǿߡ
ҶȵʱҴʱȥһƻ¶ʱڿսٵӻУ֣ڽɣ
Ҷ̵ͷţѸӦ֮УһЩڣһһٵĸ֣ǿҪСķˣ
һپͷ
ţ񣬻δһٸ֣ŵˣ
֣߲Ȼһ캧ˡ
Ҷȿ˼̸ǴһǿҩλģپʦöԸ뿪ʱǶԸٵ
ã˶ʱ߬ȭͷ

˿̣ڣǺ󷽾޴ϵɽһ϶Ѩʯڴ
һߣһλˣվΧмڸ֡
߿ˣ֣Щ֮壬ǰ̶ߣͬŷϡ
ͬţ
˱˫֣һۣмĿţϣʵΪĨɱڣõеϿɣõȨôϿ㣬ûģںֶΡ
⡭ʮ־㵡
һУһɽ˵ûʲô谭ˣҸֻ˵棬ֻƷӡУȡˣҵΪʲô١ҵĿ꣬ҵ۹⣬󣬶أϰˣ
򿪷ӡ֣Ҫһͻڣһ٣߱ݡ۷Ϳص
һЦȻܰŵܣңǾһûбҶᾡ㣬ͻƶ٣ֻǰһ֣ҪģǿԼͻʱ޷ס֮һһ䣬ܳɹߣ٣Щ٣һɹģ
֪Щײӡܷ忪ڲķӡϵǰ㣬ξܴ涼޷򿪵ܣ
ЩԽȥץһЩ֮壬ӡ֮Уǵʵ壬ȥӡ
ȥ
תȥ


1375 ѹ
תڣ˸һЩƹĶѨɵңѣ½ȡԴÿ˵Ļ½֪ǲҵ֮أ
ЩˣȴһֻȡĻᡣ
һȻ磬һڸִӵ£붴Ѩ֮С
Ѩ֮⣡
ʮŸ֣ڰʱʱ̱̿ضѨڡ
ͣ
ʯ֮䣡
ͻأʮˣһΪǴﵽɾ磬нʮˣڡ
ƺԽزƿصɱһ֣ȡһڵͷ­Ȼһһᷨӡʬء
ʵΪͬţѡ񣡡
ʮ˴Ӱ֣ΧסѨڡ
ߣҶȡ纺ڸһƷĵӡ
ǵԵÿ־岻ѣ´˫ֱ߬ȭͷָģʱ룺
ϡʵʵжлأ
ʵͽѿڶһٶﵽɵĸ߲㣬ȫ棬ǣʮ롮ߡʮھͷصûУһɽ룬ɣ붴Ѩп
ߣ
ߣȻǺĶپͷ
ڲΣϡһ䡣
ӵȼ̫ͣʵֻ̫дɲǸ߲㣬ܽءŵһæ
ž
Աһ֣Ȼĳһƣӻ˹ȥ
ɲǣ֣סɫϾϣͶҶϣʵǿǵģҶСܣϣǾȫˣ
һᾡΪӦȻŸֻϹ֧ԮҶȻֵ͵
ߣ
ߣһӴ֣ʮӿ붴ѨʣʮˣڣΧ
ʯɵڣ붴Ѩ֮ȫǳĹʯѨԲʮͨ඼ǶűʯѨ£һࡣ
һͣһ˭Ҵ⡣
Ҷȡ纺룬˶ͷŸӦѨϢ
纺ͫ΢΢һ̿Ҷȣдž֮ɫǿҵаϢʮָӣ
ҶȰӦ⴦Ѩ˹ɣһЩʣϧ£ʧȥֻ˵аӡ𽥵ǹɸϢǽϵͬҵ̫һʮֲ
ĪյԵ飿纺Ȼһ
Ͳ֪ʲôѹκʧҶȺ֮аִ⡣
ˡ
ѨԽԽЩ°ӣʹ𽥵ģѨͱ°ˮǣǰһЩŵӣ̧밵ˮӴʱˮ˲丯ʴһӣ˫Ȼɰ׹ǡ
ҪģİˮͻȻӿХ
ʮˣʱƿԣѨʵ̫ˣǼӣǴɣһɽǾͷڣϧˮ˫ȡ
ϡ߲㣬𺳵˵ֲӲڣͨˮɴɡ
ڣˣ
ͻȻڰˮǰ˫Ŀ̾ĺڶѨ֮ڣ𵴡
ϡڿգɶڰ֮ϣһɱ
ಣ
ʮˣͬ䣬һӿϡ
ⰵˮ
Ҷ纺Ưں󷽣һ˦Ҷȵһץ֮䣬ץסһŰˮƯǰ
ͣ
ˮʼҶȵ֮ͨʱΪһҶһƬȻ
Ȼֻͨ״̬ûκ֮ҲһˣҪĴӴ󣬶Ҵﵽڵĸ߶ȣȴǱˮɣһж˵ˮѾĨɱڡ
һľ綾ŵĺڰ߶̫һˮʵʵɡڣˮ׷ױҶƿء
йأһԵ纺Ǿȡ
ֲδɱȥڵȴҶ纺Ǽ°ˮȴҶƿģͨʱһŻȻ򣺡ҶСܣû뵽ܶԸⰵˮ
ҶȻָƽƣ纺ͷǿԣǽȥɣԷһٶˣǲŲһ룬ǲȥ֧ԮǼֲ˶ã

˵ӿٶȷɶڰ֮ϡ
¡¡¡
ѨڲͻȻٲȻһƬĵ°ӡ
ڰ֮ϣһٶˣͬʽ໥ɱһЩʬ밵֮УڻΪ׹ǡ
ɱɱ֮ˣҲЭ飬أڷΧ
Ưһư磬ǰһߴʮھͷһƬɱڡ
ţ
ͻȻӰӱԵڲͬϢɱʱһϡߣΪ˭
ɱǣ
ʮǿߣ´ɱ
ಣ
һɶȥ
ҶСܣԷ˶ڣǻ󷨼һ󣬴ʱǸٵĸߣδȰٳ֣壡
ԷʮǿɱϡĴߣʱ߶ӡһ󷨽磬ʱֳС
û⣡
Ҷû뵽ϡ˼ܣʱ͵ˣȴԷٸ֡

󷨸ո֣ʮڸ֣мڣһ֣ͬ̾ɽѵﵽһɽ۷ʼڰ֮ϱ
ӿʼڣոʬ
춼Ѫͨݺᣬ·ս֮УΧɱ
Щ˽֮أģ
У߳һˣǶٴڵĸݡ
ųߣߣȲʵ֣Σ
һЦ͸޵еİ֮幥󷨣Ȼã󼸲ѼĹʯмƺڲʯ֮Žأȷһأ
ɭɭؿ磺ʰȺ̣һжҵģ
ҶСܣˣ
ڣ۵ԿƲ󷨣ȻΧڶ֣ȴ󷨣
һ̣Ҷ纺
纣ԤЩΣգΣ֮ʱٳȣ
Ҷȶһ䣬ʱһʧ֮С
ⲻֿͨϣ
ݣ
֮ǰڳߣʲôһ̣һɹǹӰ˺󷽴̳
֣
߸ûзӦ
ȻһͬƣڳһٵǹӰ֮ǰǹӰһ̴ţȻδͣߡ
ƣ
ǹӰ̫죬ֱ̫̫ͣӡ
˼һƣŶٵƣֱǹӰײ

֮ȻסǹӰ

˭ҲûѹסԷ
ߴʧɫһɽ磬ʲôʱ򣬶ٵضǣ
ɲ޽֮ء
Ȼͷžͨұۣӳ֮ϣǹӰ໥⣺ĸ֣ҲΪⱦضİɣʵҿԺʵֲƿӡ磬õı
ҿɲΪ
ҶȴǹӰֳץסǹӰؿߣǱҪΪΪĨɱҵĿ꣬ߣΪУ֮٣뿪ɣ
ͨǣ
ԲˣݲҶǰĵĿ⣬رǹӰ


1376 ڰʶ
ӦʶҶƺߣʩչǹӰʲô
ֶͨɹ
߻̧ͷȴһݼЦԭǾɽһССĳһŶѣСӣʵΪǣֶ޽֮ʲô
ֶ챻СˣҶɫһ䣬޷һս
޽֮֮УδֶĶٸֶ֣ܳһ٣㲻ˣǾ仰֣㻹Էֵһֱ
ڸУǲмЦһһ֮Աǣ˵ʲôΪΪʲôʲôЩغ£ˣʵɣԶһУ
纣㲻еһϺףֶ֪εǿ𣿡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ֪ߣǸͨٸ֡
۴ɶֶ۲򵥣Ǹߣȴֶֻ쵱һɽŶѡ
Ϣһ裺ֻС
ֹ򣡡
ٿ䡣
ҶͫӵĹâڸ߸ոջδ˵꣬һɾֹԶԿռƿ˲͡
һУֹ
ոջһ߸ϵĸߣʱȴԼڿռ䣬ΪıƵģߣȫᣬƿж
Ҳ֪ǰҶȣʲôСɫʲô򣡣
ȡķ򣡡
Ҷһץһɹ֮УҼԦ˲ߡ
ƣ
üͷһ꣬󺧲ѣͻȻоһܻĵĿ־壬ƺҪǰٶǣɽŵ꣬նɱ
һɽѹ
ӲһУ߱ʼγɻ˺Ѿڵľֹռ䣬ͻͻ𶯡
ͣ
ϧ
ҶȵٶʵѾ˿ϣĿԡ
ֹ֮ռ䣬ն߲ӣһٵļȴƵģһоơ
㡭
ͷ­һ̣ġŭ߳һ֡
Ҷһֹͬʬͷ­룺һٵպڿԱͻڵȫգôϼٵڡڣڣһһϰ
Ҷʵһξնɱһپͷ
ڣҶȵѾﵽһ٣ݺһ޵ֻ֣ж٣Ŀǰȫնɱ
־ܣ
Ҷ߶ߣ۵ס
ڿԷɣʮڣһЩڵɭɭ
˲Ϣ䣬˶סˡ
ͬʱǼҶȰʬ壬߸ߵֻʵʵֿ
Ϊڵķ²
ͻͻ
ҶŸ֣ڰӸ߿վۼ֮ʣͻȻƯ磬һ֮
꣡
ţӾͲǷڣవˮա
˶֪ʲôҶȿǣӦ飬Ʒӡļƻɹˣǽطӡпܳ飬棬ĵ飬Ҳᷢ
ҶСܣŶɹ֮ѣ
ϡߵڶҶȹ
ҶߣͷŵˣĿģΪЩ飬ȥЩˮ»ռ䣬һ뾡취ðӱӡ
ٳ룬ˣʱ뿪ϡ˿Цݣ̾ʹ˷ɳӡ
纣ǽȥ
ûк֮ǣҶž֮ģ纺硣
ӦǲȱĹӡ
֮ǰ纺ʹ֮УһЩƣóۡ
Ҷʮͬ纺֮С
˲䣬һҺڵ磬ǰ·ǷڵİӣΧӡˣһӡ֮Уͻͻͻײ֮
ٴοɹһƣһ·ŵĵʬ塣
飡
ӡ롣
һźڰӡγһ壬Ưڰգʮʿ·ܵƣײڰӡӡѾ¶ѷ졣
ںڰӡڣƯż
ҶüͷһϾãһɿµʶЩʶɼڰӡ
纺ͷҲовǺڰӡڲĴڣ
Щ˵
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһɶ˫ִһӡһɹ⣬ͬڶʮ֮ϡ
䣡
ǣȻֲҶǿɹ֮£׷ױը
ಣ
ֻҶȻ޷üĨɱԪ񣬽Ԫ飬Զضڰӡ֮С
ӡ
룬ҶǱʶ;ãúڰӡƿһҪ޲ӡ
꣡
ͻأ·ĵİӣͻȻһɰˮΪһֻ֣ӺͻϮͳҶ
Ҷһ˦ɹ⣬ؼҶȵüذ𣡡
˻˻
ˮγɵĴ֣ɹݻ٣ǣӿʼӿĴ֣Ȼ
ҶΪǹ
ˣ
Ҷγɷ֮ʣ֣Ȼֱںڰӡѷĵطգ۾ҵرըžžڶ
ҶɣȻֹˣʶȻ͵ӣǵȴᣬϣչƺڰӡ
纺Χһֻ˵һ㣬ӡڲĴڣ϶󣬲ԪֹΧˮ޲ӡ
ᣡ
ҶȵʩչһӡȫɵʥΪķӡҶȵһƽһƣӿӡ֮С
Ϊʱ
ӡ֮УǸʶ˵ˡ
Ȼʶޣξ͵ʱˣ
ҶĺȻֹͣӡΪڰӡѾǶʱᣬҪģѹڰӡڲʶ
һӳ군ˡ
ء
Сβһڣͬ㣬ƿճںڰӡѷǰһаɵͳͳرޣʼԺˮӿٶȣ֮С
Ҷת纺һ֮ѾѹסӿٶȣΧЩˮĴ֣ҲȲѿʼ顣
˵Ҫʩչ̫޼˻׵ͨ
ȴɺڰӡĽ
һеĿǰδ֪ҶȲ֪ʲôӲ֪ܲܰаʶһͬˡ
׼һͻ¼ⱻӡĹ϶ѨԷͷȫѹһʶ
ʲôС
ǸʶźڰӡԴ޾գڸܵ˱仯ƺڲܿޡ
ޣɰɣ統ڳͷ֮磬Ѻڰӡȫ̽ҶȻ޷ʲô飬ŵú˳
ǵ׼ãʶȻ׶Ը纺ҶߣⰵӣһѹҲûС
纣еľ飬˶ء

ڰӡһ磬ɣҲ޵ĶŲʲôܳԾͳԣֱԱΪֹ
ؼδԱ
ķӡڲգֻҪǿʶض޸ɡ
ӡһ㡣
ҶѾܼ棬ӺڰУ͸һѪϢ

ӾҶѾޣռ˾ơ
ʧɫʶȴشѪ֮е·ûܵӰ졣


1377 һսԶŵ
ã
Ҷɻ
޼գѾ޷ֹͣڰӡ̫࣬Ҫͣ޲ӡǲˡ
ֻǡûлͷֻ޼ȥ
һκ⣬ֻȫһ
꣡
ٿȻڰӡһӡѷ졣
ӡ
䣡
ٶȣ籼ںˮ
Ϻڰӡ·󲿷ֶɣӡ΢ԹâаȻ顣
޴ƣҶ纺ܵѹ
ͣ
һʧˣ
һѪƯڰգһסһˣһۣڣ˸˵а
ء̳ȥſڵаѪ
ô
Ҷ纺
һĿ࣬һһҶɣȻַӡ֮ˣȻһֻԦԡ
ˡЩϤô᣿ŵ棬ߣ˵ˣ뿪һɽ𣿡
Ŀϣ֪һҶȼ֮Уӿֳڣȫһ
ſɽʦߣҲǵһӡ֮ˡ
ȴû뵽ʧ꣬Ž
ҶȽǣ纺ȻѪճХһߣѵⰵӱ𣿡
ߣ
ߣûжһ£ȴ֮ǰа֣ǵˣǱˣ֮ʱԸ׸˱
㲻ߣҶһ
ʲô
΢΢һ𣬵ûϢʶǰа񣺡һ˰ˣӡõϧ̫СˣΪ̰ǱòŮӣǱǱߣҪ̫࣬ŮϣȻһ纣Ϣ
Ҷ纺ٴһ纺ǰߣ󣿷޷֪Ĵڣ
Ƕڱ𾪣Ҳͬ⣬ô֮Ľ죬ͨ󣬻ɽ磿ĪǣҲǵʱԶŴսɽģҲԣͨʧԺӦûῪܶͨͨǣ
סߣƺһֱʡ
һ֮ż˵Ȼ󣬸߸ϵĵߣԶţ֮սУһǿߴս꣬ղˣնɱʬ屻ѹԶսԶʱҲɳսŶصˮϵԣȻķۣ
ҶȻ̫ϢִʣﲻǹսӡΪ
ЦҪһסսӡ£ӡĨɱʬ塢Ԫ񣬶ԪΪ쳣ǿյסӡɣսӡ飬սʧŵնɱҡӡҵӡشգˣлǣȻǣϷӡѾʧò࣬ƾǣֻǰʱˣ
Զ顭ˣ
㶮ʲôЩ飬뱾һĴڣԪԶŷӡѹˣʶӵһķӡϢһӦϢԶߣ᱾ɣ׳Ԫ޲Ԫ񣬲˵ˣŮӣȻǺˣֻԱĨȥȻԴѣͳ׻ָô꣬Ԫ񣬾ȻԪں˵Ӵ˿Դݺ磬أ˭κң
ȻһѪʼ
꣡
ţƼ̣بŲȻһ̣ȫѣȻҶȵƣ¡ȫ顣

ʬվûѪɫһ֮塣
ֻЩڲͬģһͬǿԪ
أ
飬𷭣Ȼ˼ʵʵίһ㣬صҶȼͷ
ѵóԿ
ҶȻδ㴹ͷɥ˭ڵ޷Ը󼶵
һȣ
ƺ䣬ܰҶ纺նɱҶȺȻڣʵҿԺҲѹ㣬Էص
Ц䳰Цʲô⣿ҪҪͱص
Ҷȵ纺ǰһˣȻԺǿ󣬶ִ˴ʵллңΪҲĶˣ
ˣ
㻹֪ɣɵЩ硢飬ǰôһԶսʱУγӡ֮ͷųô飬ң޷Щص飬ָ죬˵ǲĶˣ
ԭ㡭ٺ٣Ǻãץ㣬ȥʱգ飬ôԪ񣬾ָܻĵز
ͻȻһаռ䶼Ϊ˰ˮ磬Ҷ纺Ѿ޷һ¡
ǣԵ

ҶͻȻһ
ݵ⣡
ͻȻһˣӰ֮Уһ˫ȭΪƬͨȻ߹
Сӣԭ뱾ίߣʱ䣬ȴǿԮ߷ŭضҶȡ
ϼһ˯̫ˣ㶺ʵ㲻Ҷȳû§ס纺ͨѹȶ鰵̷֮ɳƿطΧ
䣡
˸ո뿪룬ͱɽȻͬײƣһɵâһɵа
ƣϵײ֪֣˲佻ֶٸغϡ
纣Ȼؾ䣡
Ҷ˿ӳڣ߶䣬纺С
ڰһҲ̫ͨһ
˲߶ö𵤣Ҷȴͨ״ָ̬ҡ
䣡
¶Ѩӡ磬Һ̵Ϲʣܿסǿֵ߽Ҷһԣͷ
Ȼ֮Уľ̾ףĸ֣ɵ磬ôбףˣ
ΪҴɽ磬ɽߣǸԶʱͨ뿪֮ǰѰˣһЩԶսģЩ˾ͳΪɽʱߣң֮һ
߰һΡƵ
˵ôֺӦǸʱڣˡɾǵūɱ֮Уʲôߣ㲻ˣʺ͵óʺɪʲôΪɽ籾ԴӳֵͿѹ
ѹ㣿Ҫѹ㣬ȻҪնɱ㡭
һͣƬ̣ͻȻЦ֪ǵ󣬶޷ѹĵ̣˰ɣǲ֪ø㣬Ҫ˵ǸϢǻϢңȻǸϢ
˵˵
㸴Ĳʱɵ磬ȻϹͨʧ˲ԽĸǿߣȻҲԽ뷲ɽ磬еˣȴѹɵǣǸˣҲǸ磬ոոûãδӵɵҪѹ


1378 ˼ս
ЦڱǰŲϣ
߼ΪмӲɻ𶯵дݶֿʼڣһС
ҵϣϾҳΪߵʱ䣬ǺܳλԵԶŵʲôǡ
߰һɭɭ£û˿Ȼǰ˵Զ磬ڹͨħ塢໥ǸԻ͡ʷʫ磬磬ᵮ񻰣
ǿʶѹ˵

УͻȻһֻֻ֣໥ײ춼˺϶Ѩ磬ҲҪ¡¡ҡθͣ
ҶȣʵǿʶҺ̫ǻϣģѹҪͨ޷ѹģǿԵͨϣ
ĺȻ֮䡣
ڻ֮ҶȣĿתһĻ˭֪һش
ţ
΢΢㵣߰һӦ˵ɽ޵еĴڣȻ޷ԸʵҶЩ⡣
ǿֶΡȻ֮컯ȭʽңһֱûʲô仯֮Ҵﵽһ۷ǿԸʶһһһϣôȻ춯أ
ҶȵһЦӿʼ֪ʶѹŽأҶȾͰ밢һȡϵһһɽߣȻӲܡ
ǿԮҶžҲ֮
֮ᵽһٸ߶ȣɲ򵥡
Ҷһ߹עڲսһ߿ʼ߶޼˻ףԵ״ǿĳͷ
ժħ֣
룡
һͷԵڲͬϢȻŲϢȻܼԦ
ݺһɹɵ֮У߱סȻ˫һ֣һɰľ־ץȥ
ǣ
ڵĿռ䣬һɾưƿˣէȻȥ޷ֺ
ɭɭЦʮֵ⣺СӣǱǰնɱľͨ˲ӵʩչͨժȡ˼䡢ɽκʣﵽ۷壬Դӵʩչͨ˺ץʣ
ʵϧ㲻ǵǸնɱĴڡ
ⱻƿأһɵ⣬вһɽģٿȻΪݵնеƿؿռ䡣
䣡
һ۵İһֳᦣɳ⣬Ϊƣ˷˺ȥ
ѲСӣߣ
û뵽һƳͨ澳߳Ȼŭſһ磬ͬһ㣬һɹɵ棬ꡫһ
ͣ͡
ᦷز⣬ڰΪһ֮С
һһһУһɿռ䣬һɾԿޡԵռ䡣
һ׼òˣ
һϢڴеİһԺ
ڱʩչǿӡɵȰʱӡջǻӳҷӡ֮ʣʩչͨҲԴԴϵɵѹǴĵסɲɱһкܴô
ǣ
ȻҶȲװһкδ㣬ȴϴӦˡ
գ
һͻȻ׳ᦣᦶʱΪӰתĻڣضǣ˲Ϣסߡ
û취˰ɣСӣٹȥ𣬻ᣡʴЦ
޼컯بţұͬԴ˺һ
һٿȻϿա
ţ΢΢һ
ٿٿٿ
ɲǣ߳ӶһĻˡ
ͻأ䣬ɵӶѨ˷ϵӿ˰·ûаӵĵطͳͳǰƺˮɵǷ·۾ڰһϽӡ£׷ӰӰڲΪ
ںɽ籾Դɶ񣡣
źڣǿ󣬾֮ǰҲܻɽ磬ɽһ磬κθ֮ϡ
޷ɽԡ
ʱưոݣ֮УһڰӿֲĵϢȻӶڰ
¡
γɵɵӡ磬ڰݺһʮ˲顣
Ҫ㣡
߱ȻԶԿһԴɵ
ͻͻͻ
ûãһᡣ
٣ͻ٣
߾һɷԶŲμӴսֱӻӶڰϵع硣
¡¡¡
粻ϵѿ顣
һɵߣԴԴϣҶҲֻ̾ΪֹҲǿ
֣
ĺȻһ󷽣ź顣

Ҷƿն̫һԷȻܴǿߵĻֻһҲ顣
ֱǰ޵ǿ֮С
һҶȣ켥ЦСӣǶҪɣǱԶˣ̫ˣʱˣһԽ˵ͨ
֮
һУ·ֹͣˣ
Ҷ˫ָ߸趯һڰ޵ϵ񴸣ҶС
񴸳ɣĺڰ׹γķ磬ڰƽɵľ
⡭ôܣҵ
һĻǰһ뻹ڵ⡢ŵߣû˻˵
˼飡߰һƺҲԵй˽⣬֮Ҳһ𺳡
ߣӸЦ˰ɣ磬еϣҲӵеͬԴͨң޷ﵽĸ߶ȣҲоˣͬԴڣγ˱ʣ
ɶҵôСƿأ
֮кڰ
𣡡
Ҷߣݺ趯֮
񣡡
߷Ȼ׳ڰ
䣡
֮ڰײһ
꣡
ֻ֮ǼһٿȻرײóѷ죬ڳ֮ǰҶ̻֣֮˻ȥ
ұۣܿƵضš
ϧ̫ˣ̫ˣкãߵЦһȻ׳ڰһδι硣
ʼ顣
̫ǿˡ
һѵؿţԽ澳ϿҶȣΪ̫ʵһٸ߶ȣѾаҵҲڰ֮䣬ɵԴ֮ӳ֣Ķ֣˿ǰһһͨҵɵԴ֮
ɣ
Ҷȴ߶ȷ̫Сˡ
ΪĶ֣󼶱
ಣ
˷ӿɵԴľҶںϾԴ£ӵпһе̫һ

ҶȾֱ֮ӱµƣһ̣ĳֱۻػζ
ɵƿص𣿡
Ӽϸͫ⵽ƣҶȶоԼһ̣ɵǿĴ
֮
Ҷ˫ٴһɵԴͳͳ̫ͨһںϣ֮֮С
֮ϵѷ죬Ѹ޲
߹Ȼ˵ĺܶԡǰСˣҪնɱĶ󣬷򡭡ɱ߾ûгвҵȥ
ͻȻ¶ɱ¾֮⡣


1379 澳н
Сģ˵ͷӦתƵˣҪɱ㣬Ҿûг׶ԸֶΣ
ߡ
һһһһɫ֮УѾԷ˼
֪
ΪҪնɱĶҶѸӦԷɱ
񣡡
Ȼ𣬶Ҷڣ֮磬Ļӳڰ

¡
ֻһһƳһ棬ٴλӶұۣڰ͸֮ܵǺڰȴ޵аģƿһҶײȥ
֮
Ҷڲܵκѹƣͬڷ㣬ͷԼȫսڣֱӷڰһĻһû뵽
ԭҶȲŲ뿴ȥǰСھͷǰ硣

˲Ϣ֮䡣
֮ڰڵײһ֮ͬ׮ݺںڰ֮ϡ
ԲҶȵѹסڰѶԷݺؽ֮С
ͻͻͻ
ڣ˺ڰĹâСࡣ
Ҷ֮âͬ࣬Ŵֱ۴ɵ֮ٴͷŶĿĹâˬˬʲôʱҲüɵ칬ǬҲʱս
ɱ
ȲһͷǿץסڰһεҶ׳
ѹ
Ҷǰ

һ£ײһΣ໥
Ҷ볹ѹסߣߺγʱʱ̶̿룬һ֮Ҷҳࣿ
ڰһȫҶȣҶȣӲҴ⣬ܵѹΪҶȻֽһҶҲһʱκβߣǰһ޷ѹô߾Ϳӳ
ôߴȫʤ
취ȥǺܲ
Ҷһδδ߶ɵ߿ʱȴ侲طѹסߡ
ˣ
ȻҶȵһ
󣬽Ϊ΢֮⣬磡
߲Զŵս󣬾ȻԽƲ趯ڰԵ޵С
ʱҶ֮ͻȻ𿪣ڰ߿ѵûʱ˲ϢɨСҶȡ
Сģһǰı仯ɫˡ
ƿзӡ޷ҶȣҶȣôӡͬ¶
֮ء
ȻסΪҶͻȻĳһƣնɱһٸҶȵĺڰȥ
Сӣ԰ϢˣȻ֪һԺòնɱСҶȡ
˿Կסġ
ٿ
һз·ҪֹʱҶȵģͻȻһ⡣
΢
ȴ٣Խڰٶȣವһ£ڰǰ
꣡
¡
ڰɨڿУ뾧ӴʱһЩȻ󾧹⴩͸
վ֮³ҶȣҶֻһ߾ʱʼӶը
ҶȾ֮Ȼ׵塣

˱ը˳ȥԹķһ˲ȫˡ
ںڰһȫ飬ΪʯĿʣߴУΪһƬ貵⡣

߲ţշŭŭ
ã
һҲ޷ţ˵ҶȹѹõƣȻߵˡ
ҵ񰡣Ǹ߽Ȼôˡ˫ץͷ챩ߣŭʨӡ
ۣ
ɵҶȣƯţһѪѪӲӵѪϣûжٵѪɫ
ˣת
ڣͻȻת
ʱ
Ҷһʥ֮⣬ȻִӻĵõĵУʮ֮ȥ
û꣬Ҷץһſ⣬аϢӣԼһٶţ׷׵һȥ
ЩаӣǴӵ֮УץǽǧʿͨʩչͨƶɵӣԪ񣬶޷á
ԭԭǴɽѹò࣬ͻƽģû뵽Ҫǰˣ
ҶȲżȥԸߣаһڣһʱӲҲˣڰҰޡ
ֻһѹһ̵Թ׷飬̫һɡ˭£ڵľ磬һһϡﶼ飬ŽҲ࣬Ԫ⡭
˵֮أʲô
ҶϣһݰЦݡ
ϰٿа֮ת֮ҶƣʼŴ߶̫һϵػָңؼڷӡʮʼ̫һ
ƣԾ֮٣ڻָš
аһӳֵɵԴ֮ղһ̶ҴĴǾϣܵﶼҪ顭µ
Ҷ𽥿ʼӶ֫塣
ߣСӲҲɷˣֵˣ
߷ŭһ֣֮ͬħѣӵ߳γɵĽ磬ʼץȥ

֮Ȼ춯أȻûкڰǰ˲Դ磬Ҳץýһѷ졣
ⲻ˶ã
ɫϾѵİһͻȻӦʲôȻͻָƣ߶޲˺ѷ졣
ңͬ۾ʱʱ̿ΧѰһᣬܵǯƣҲûжã˭Ķ֣Ȼ󣬵ȴɽ磬õԴֵ֧ߡ
նʬ壬Ӫ
⣬ʱʱ̶̿ս
Ҷȴץһʬ壬Ԫһͬȡ֮Ԩپͷʬ塣
ҶѾ֮ǰնɱĸаҶȵƣѾָӡ
򣡡
˫ͻȻһץոʬ֮ϣԾ֮٣ֱնٵ
ܵشڸɿݵĺ
õ֮󣬺𽥴˷ӿ֧ڣһٵҲС
Ҷʼڡ
ͣ
һ΢ʼҶΧ
ֽ΢ȥڣǰ𣬷̺һھֹУơ
صһȦȦ磬ҶΧһؿʼŽҶȵѪʡ
ͻˡɶٵһ̣̤ڡ
ƻԶϲϱ仯ҶȱԸ֮پˣԴѾҶ䣬ʱʱ̿еˡǡ
ǣ˭뵽һɽ磬
߰һĶ֡
ʥںϵϢŽҶȸоԼߣƺһЩ仯ߣǳԽߵĴڣϵӣڿռãӾˡ
ԣ壬ˮߵľһսҵĳɳ޷İɽǸ־ͷ½ĻᣬγҵĻ᣿


1380 ߵ
ڣҵӦóԽһ٣ﵽٵĸ߶ȡ
ʣԴ澳еҶ˵ĺϢ
Ҷȡ
ĺȻ䣬ҶȻͻĿ֮ʣ߰һӽ֮߿մݶ
ҶŤͷһһҲڿ
һͷǺ飬͸½׵ѸоԽһ١ԭ˵˼򵥣
Ҷȴصҵǰ֮壬Խ٣ӵȵѪԡҵɳԽ磬౶ҵƣ
ߣ
Է̾
ҶҲΪ֮ӽӴڿʼһٸ棬Ǵ󲿷ֶߵĴڣҶǽ֮УѪʵľ޴ࡣ
綫ϹŶ鹫ӡɱţǶǻгԽˣԵļԦѾʼѪӵͨŻᳬԽͬΪ̫
û뵽ԶԸҶȣⳡĵս飬˭޷κζԷͬȵĸ߶ȣ
ֵֽܴģֻ㣬ҾΪڣҾɵԴӳ֣հɣһЩԴ㡭ͻڣ
ҵ԰ѶٽΪ٣ڡҪһģɵԽ˵ЩҶﲻ㣬Ȼİ֮壬ôﵽڣʵȻﵽ٣ôѹ飬ͲǿܣǱȻ
һضϣҶһһ
ڣ
Ҷ޴ľ캧ˡ
Ǵﵽ۷ľ磬ҪԽ⣬µģԽ򣬲ͻƵľ硣
һڣʹһַɵĵزΪΣھɽ磬޵оͷԭ
ʣ̤ҪӴؼҪͬ˵ҶЩ棬ˣǰ֮壬Ҫֻˡ
һ˵ĲҪͻƶ٣Ҫ˸ȥ԰һٽΪпܣҶȣ˵⣬԰ȴ޷ġ
ҾͲˣ
ĬһҶֻ˵仰
㲻ÿΪĻνӢۣɣɵԴӳ֣ϾԴ
˲䣬һ֮Уͷʲôӡ

̣İɵԴУӿҶȵ
ոͻڵͬտǣʣҲﵽ۷壬ڣ޾ɵԴӳ֣Ҷһž޴࣬ö֮ɽ籾Դ
ǣԼҹС
һ̣ҶȲУͳͳõ˼вӵеľ
·һѸɲ񣬾͵ȴϯһǣͻͷԭ֮

Ȼʼڣա½̫һʼͷųŽ𵤿ʼɵԴɻתʼԽ˵תİ𶯡
ϸһѪһͷ
Ѫ
κϢҪͻڣҶȾͱҵ˲ͬĴڡ
Ȼǰ֮塣
ѪʼӣӿɵԴ̫һϵںϣѪʼȼգһֻˣʼѪ֮С
Ҷֿʼ߶̫޼˻ףͻڣֱʼĺȻһ֪̾ͻڣ컯ȭᵮʽ𣿡
컯ȭޣߵ
пܣֻ˾Ҷϣһһ
ΪҶȣûʵʸӵ컯ȭҲҲޣڤڤ֮жҶȵһֿ顣
ﵽڣҵҪڽʮ
Ѫڷڣȼա
ҶȼɵԴǸоǲ˶ԪһϴνƺµµںϣںϵУǰ֮壬ҵͳԽɵͻƣʲô£ǵһ
߶ҶѾʱ̳أʼûб
ˣ
Ȼһɿ״̬ںϵϢµһɵԴӿҶȵڡ
ǡԴϢ
ٿ֮䣬Ҷ¶˿ϣЦݡ
µɵԴ֮УȻ˾Դ
ߣ
Ҷȿʼ߶ߣվԴͬʱôǧͼҲڰվԴ
վԴ֮ҶȵĸӦ˲ȻѨ
ڵߣ衢ħĹ磬һһΣһδ飬һδεᣬһߣȻ˭޷κ˭
Ѩ֮⣬š
Ҷȼſһˣʮǳأյģǧ˿ڣԶʮ֮ƯţżߣڽעţǰУǸƣ𶯵ɽ
ҶҲ纺ڱĿ
ͬʱӦȻط䣬Ҷȼ֮һС
ԴҶߣһĵõںҶڵ߻Ũ񡢾һЩ
ͣ
Ӧ֮УҶƺԼںεȻ޾ԴɵԴϢҶȸоԼɵƯУɵĲޱߡ
һɽͻȻŽ𵤿ʼȻͨѪɲϯȫ
ͻưɣڣ
ҶĺȻһԾ
εϢ
ڣڷƿ磬ҶôһڵߣͻȻײеЩζ
ߡҪ군ˣ
߰һϷЩģ
ߣ
˳ŸӦУǷݴĲоȥڽ֮ԶİգҶһĽٻγһ¯ģ
ڣ
üͷһ壬һߴ߶֣˺ѽһ䳰ȷ֮ԱǣôΪڣͿԶԸĴڣǰпܣڡ˷Ц
𣿡һ΢΢죬Ȼðĺ飬ӡһδεؿʼ޻ԴԴϹߡ
֮⣡
ƽٻ¯ûͻƵĸоȻ˵ķˮ룬ǳ֮ڡӦ˰ɣ
Ҷ̧ͷһȻԤв࣬һֱ֮˺˶ѨϷӦǻɽ
磬ϵĶѨӡӣͳͳɽĲ£ֻǣһƬڰ
ɵԴӳ֣٣Σ
ҶͻȻһʥ⣬ٱֱս˾µ١
ٿ
ڰ籩У·Ҫ٣ʥȴƻڰڰ߿ա
ͣ
ٿȻٷ·ŭˡ
֮УӿһƬ
Ȼ׹⡢𡢸磬γɵң·٣һ飬ҪҶȴĴ
Сģ
һɽߣȻ֪Ҷ
һֻҪҵϢˣģ㲻õģҶɵЦ
¡
Ƭγɵĺ󣬾Ȼͬһ㣬зһƬ޴ٺֱӴӸ߿׹
ֱصĻ
·˺ˣһ飬зѣȻ׹
˾޴ܾһɳǣһƬɽ¶Ҫ׹УΪɽʧ


1381 Ϊǿߣ1
ڡ˿ֲ𣿡
Զ
ӣƺǽһУǰֻǺڰУ˺
Ӵ󡢿ֲɽû˿Խڡ
ʱڷԲʮ֡
һСӣڰˣΪ˾춯أ
ѿĹϷӡѨ
ڣ߼𺳣Ȼ˵˲ͷƣٽ񣬶ࡣ
ڶɽߣһڡ
Թ
˺Ѷµٺհ
ҶȳΪԴȪʱֱӵж˿ֲ٣Ҳ
̵ķףͬһ㣬齻֯γɾ˷γɼ̷ݣڸҶϿա

߰һʱȻиֺȫͷסߣҰɽ籾ԴӡҶȱԴϢһƷƺȻϤдЦݡ
̤ڣұӵٵ
̤ڣǬþ칬ϹͥҺΣ
ٵϴǧͼ䡢޼᲻ݵˮߡߵ
ӴҶȡ𣡡
ٺһ̣Ҷȼ̫һӿԷУա½գͬʱҲתת֮С
һ׼
ٺ
Ҳ׹·һֻ޴ޣͻأӰԾſѪڣСҶȣ˺ҧ
һ̣Ҷȷ·ˣڱٺ󸲸֮ʱֱͦ˫ָ߸ߵؾ
¡
¡¡¡
ٺ׹γɵķ֮ϡ
оһ򣬴ڲͻȻѣһֻڻٺײıըУȻ󡭡
ͣ
ٺײĻ򣬾޴ײŻڻѷ죬ٿȻһȦţǳը˷˲䱻ը֮ɡ
ͻͻͻ
죬ţɽѩ壬һ̶ٱը̱ƽ¶ĵصʯ㡣
𣬾ͻȻ
ɽΧʮΪһƬͺͺʯ㣬ʮ֮⣬޷棬֪ӵ˺δ
ƽ֮еɽ֮¡
ʧˣѨʧˣֳֻһΡ벻
ɽضٺײը֮Уȴ˿δļ̣š
ͣ
֮⡣
յգһԹâںһɺڰϵȼգȻһֻˣϵزԡڰâɽ֮׷ױɡ
ǡ𣡣ǿߵ壬һ࣬ôӵѵˡǱĳϿɣõеĴڣ
ڣΪߣɵ磬κ˶ϤһУ㾪ס̾ԡΪϣγ˱ԴͨǸʱڣ뾡취ҪͬԴûһɹСӡʲôͷ
ԡ
ڣ𣿡
Ƶ⻷֮С
ҶȻ͸ŴϢȻǿңˣץһſתһſ֮Ƶӣһٶţſ죬һȫȥ
ҪڵңҪڣʮٵٵ˭ڵ壬Ӵ֮࣬ɵѾ޷󣡡
ﵽڣӵٵҪӴһ١

Ҷ˷ΣڣڴﵽˣԽνţѩ𣬳Խͬɽһ
ӲʵʵʱѾһپͷ
ٵ磬һپͷӵеҶӵгԽʮٵľҪࡣ
Ԫ㣬˵㲻һٷḻͣ
ôתаӣҶȴ㣬һץʱҶǰǿֺԪʬ壬ǰҶḲһ
һɻסԪ
ٿٿ
Ԫͬ׹µٲ˲䱻Ҷʳ
꣡
Լ֮һپͷȻΪʬҶһʬͻΪ˳
̫ǿˣɽͷûжٲ࣬ģһ͸ɵԴ
ͨ޴ڵ߰һ͸
ˣһѾҴæڣ޴ڵңͿԼ㲻õģҶԸߵİգٷ֮١һ󣬵Ӧһ¾˵
ֲ£еʱ䡭

ҶһһЦ
߶ա½𵤣߶¯ĵʣֲȻвӿҶȵ
ţ
ҶȾҪҵһͨȰ߽Ȼٽ䣬ͳͳﵽڸ߶ȡ
ʱҶͻȻաŽ
ΪǣҶ޷š𺳵ı仯
ֻսУƯһˣƵĽʥۣ޷ڽ룬ͷҶϤѵ̫⡣
ޡҶȾ̾һ
½֮УƯһˣһڰսףЩ׹ߣһűĹʹַϥ֮ϣ˫ָУһ֮
ڰ񡭡Ҷ𾪡
仯̫ͻأˣ
ս𵤣´ڰҶȻ֪ȥա½𵤾ʲô仯ڣޡڰ񣬱仯Ҳ̫޷š
Īǡ
һУżȻͷˡ
⡣
ҶͻȻ͵һЦ֣ǲ˱仯ȻЩҪԭ򡭡Ǵߣ
ʣһ֡
ΪʣȱףɣӵдߣȻ˵ˣǿʢܵС
棬ҶȾͼ֤ڲͬĴն졢ƣСָͷȲϣҶƣ޷ȼն졣
ΪͻƣԽ䣬𽥾ͻӵд߸
սڵޡ
½ڵĺڰ
ҶȽڣᡢıµ
ǡ
Ϊ֤жϡ
Ҷ̹ۿ仯
ȻһЩǰı仯
֮УһͷŽ⣬ͬƽһߣʣǴ޽ĵߡ
һѪ꣬Ҷע⣬һѪڲƣѪڷڣÿһйɷڣѪۺһ֣꣬ǲѪĵߡ
мƯڽ֮УģҶƽҪеߡ
ˣҶȱס
ԱԴϿںϣҶ֪ǶԼҪԡ
һߡ
ͷ԰׵ĳЩ΢΢ӦǾ̫£ʧ˻һǳۣ˫ֱ
΢΢̧ͷ񷡣
˫ͫ˸ǹ⣬ƺעΪǳΪ
Ҷȱǡ
磬ˡСǧϲ
֪
ҵȻ֪
һۣͬʵϢҶȾ֪λˣɽ˶𾴵ˡ


1382 Ϊǿߣ2
ˣ˶֪Ĵڡ
ɽδ֪̣һ̤δ֪Ϊɽ¼ءңԶɽ硣
˴ǧͼɽ繫ϵһռʥ
ˡ
Ҷȴлعס˵գпܣһҪҵʬ壬
ٿڶˡ
ͬһλߣһλողѮߡ
һϹżԪĻۣոϴǶƣһˣر˫ۣ˱־ֹ״̬ƺڳ˼ΧƯԪء
޵ˣ
ص㣬ҶϤޱȵϢ
ˣϹżԪɹ̤еĴڣ޵ˡ
һλϹżԪ˶ǿߣԴ֮Ȼ֮ա
ɹˡ
֪ûлᡭ޵ңԶ硭֪᲻ҿ
𾴣Ҷȱ۴ϣڤ˼á
ۣһɨƯӰҲӰҶһ̫࣬Ϥֻô֡
ôûֶۣɹĵߣ
̫޼˻ס֮Թ޽塢âϱ䡢ѪĵߣһһֳҶȾʮȻȻǣ·һ֡
УӴ
ϸϸζȻֶ죬ΨһС
ɹ
ΪִϣɹĳҶҲǺֶ֪۴Ӻδõȷʵֶ󲿷ֺĵӣƿصһ
ֶ졣
ɹҶȾξ˵ɹ¾ͷĪ
ˣ̫ˣâϱֲֳһģӰΪʱʱеɹһӰûУ
֣
̫ˣ
ⲻʲô£Ҷ̤ڣֳɹԻֳĵߡ
ʵȴԸΥ
ֶֻͣ˵ʦڣһǿķӡĪɹֶֶۣţԴʦ㣿
ڴ£ֵߡȻҪɹʲôͨɹĵߣ˷Ĵڣ˽߶޷ĵĴڣ
Խϸ룬ҶȾ͸оһ֮С
ţξйأֶйء
Ȼ벻ͨԺʵˮģ
ҶȼŽȫԴԴϵӿ֣ոսڣѾʼҪﵽ߶ȡ
Ҷȴûʱ䣬Լǿһ֡
ξȻû󡭡
һ˿˿ʣʧϢҶתһϢ˲Ϣʧʼ硣
ߣĩյˣ
Ҫ󷨣Ҷȷ֮
Ȼʩչа磬ҶǺЦ˲䱩ףڰˣʲôԲѣܳΪԦ飡
𣿡
ҶͻȻסһ

ȻϢͽ밢һƵĽ󷨣ǰصЦݣֶ΢Ц
·𣬼ѡ
ףʲôߣǿٱӵеͬԴɣΪɣɲǼҶȳ֣һֻСӣײжǰ
ɣ
ͻӳ֣һа֣ɨҶȡ
аռݴƬʱգҶȻܷܡܣһܶûУΪûһĿռ䡣
ΪͳԶˣˣڲʲôֻǶһǿʬˣ޽ȭ
ҶɨĴ֣֮ǰΪʣᱻһƣࡣ
ɡڣɱĿʼʵڣǿٱһ٣ֱԽ٣ﵽ
˫һ𣬾ͻΪ˽ɫֱǴһ㡣

Ҷ˲ſһŴ󹭣͵һգа֣ȭ
ײȻֲ¡
޽ɣû뵽Ǹɽǿͨϣߣ²ˡ
ԡ룡
ҶͻȻӿһɻϢȭ֮Уһը˳ػа֡
¡
һȭˣ
ڣɫӰͷŽɫ⡣
Ҷȼ˴ͷŴ޽ͨϧȫ߶ߣô޽壬ﵽٵȻֻࡣ
̫һں֮󣬶ʱҶһȭͻֿƵа֡
ţ߲ţ·סˣԼ΢΢𶯵ұۡ
ΰ󣬾Ȼһˣֱۣ
š
ðɣŭ֮
ǡ
ʥǹ
һͷŵԣ֮У貵ԹâΪһʥǹֱӵ棬ߴ
߱âϹ˫ۡ
ϺˣϾô˿µԹâܣߵôܳһϣƿص˲˼飬ȸոսĴڣ
δоԡ˵Ĺа˵ĲҼ󣬵ϼ¼Уδָ߼
֮ϣһ˿ƽ磬˫ֻͫйԡ
𣡡
߿ɲģܰˡ
ûԼһ߰˫ڷĵа˫ƣݺݵεʥǹ

˫ƴŵǿҪ赲ʥǹ󷽵ҶȣһһתʥǹͻȻ߶£ٶȻӿ죬һ˫а
ͣ
ңʥǹصش̴ơ

ߴһ˦𿪹ʥǹһԶƣĹȻھа
׷ΰߣɱ磬ٵҵϣΪλʥȻԾҵ
޷š
ߣܲ˼ҵ޷е֮ǰ²ҵȷõΰĴУ򡭡һС࣬ôƿǶ޷ƿص
Ǹʱս󣬻ѣˣԡ㲻øҾɣ㻹Գߣ
һӦõõҶץһʥǹ
һ̣ͬĴ޵Уڰ
Ҳɽ磬أ޼ɵԼֶΣϤĹʥǹϤ̫⡣
Ҷȡ
ƨʲôãȻõĴУҾ㣬صΪҵñĶԸ
ƣȻֿʼ߶аԶս󣬲ͣսȥ
Ȼ㲻ʵ
ҶȺȻһתʥǹһʧУĪЦҲǣֺڰа󣬵õҵϴ񣬻ʸҡʹ㣬Ʋ㣬ԶҲ
Ƥ죬СӣԲѣΪںϵͿƲãʲôڵǰʲô㲻ϣǿ޷󣬵綼
ȤȤҲãͶ㣬ӵͬԴ֮壬ᳬԽǰĸ߶ȣ
ɱͻȻ߶а֣һŴҶڵĿռ䡣


1383 ͷ
̫ˬˣɽ꣬ڲհǰ˺󡭡
ҶٿȻ쿪֣ȼյ֮
ٿ
ɲǼ䣬һ磬ǿƣ̤󷨣Ϊ֮һ֮ҽ棬γһɾ޴ϿаִٿȻ
ݣ

ٶȣа֡
գ¶ĿĻ泤ۣ˲а֮ϣѷ죬ѷӡ
ɶ񣬴ţֲãԶȼա
û뵽ҶԼߴһ
ƣʩչӡаһ㣬·ֹϵӿ
䣡
Ҷȴֱǰ־ֳ֮а֮ǰ
ٶȣǾͻȻܣ̤նǿգ˼һնݡ
ٶȡһξ̾
ͣ
Ҷȶа˫е֮һڳѹƶ֮ϣһѷ죬һһ
ٿ
ƣҶһ˳ںʱӿ˳ȥ

ȻɳҶ̾ʹ߶ӡ
ݣ
ȼյγһŽһƣӰͬ뷢ϹͥĴһ˽һ߱ɱȥ
Сӣ
֪ҶȵѲ
˲ٴаסҶȣһ򣬻εһ£ǱػӶ˫ƣֻȥԸ
꣡꣡
ɷ𣬽ɵ棬γɵǰǵֲһơ
һƽһƣֱ
һʱ䣬ΧǶĿƬ
Ȼ󣬾ҴﵽҲ޷׼Ԧ֮ϡ
ҶȿǰһĻ𺳣
Ȼȴ˷ܣѪڼΪսߣ󣬲µĿ꣬־ͷսܵһ̤ͿأҲûʲô˵ġ
ˣҲ١
ղסңҲ֪ĸо붾˿
Ҷ̴߶
ϹһΪͨ˳ңҶУںһ
ɲǼ䣬ĳɫ˿γɱһ㣬һӳһĶ˲߿϶Χ
ƣ
߼һȭպΧһЩȻˣֱָһץժħ֣
¡
ûκεƣָһץڳ붾˿֮ϣȻץһ

ͨҶ޷봥
һУƵ˳붾˿
ҶȻߵֿʼ߶һͨףӳ붾˿δɢʱԴԴϵأһɫХӿ֮С
ɶСֶΣô
߾ȻһĿģȻ޷ƣͷһֱӵϷ
ͣͣ
һףϹ
£ֵķϡ
Դߴ߶һɵǶԸ
ҶȾͻڣȲһչ֡
ڣ֪ԼʵĲ࣬һԵǿ֮塣
ֻ̫޼˻ףԿֻƻ޷ݻ飬Ȼ߶˲ϢͿĨɱ
ǲʩչġ
߶̫޼˻ף࣬ôֻͷŴ£߶ܳףѹµͷͽ䣬Ȼǵ飬ͽ㣬Ӧõģ
ڣҶҪ߶Ʒѹߵľͨ
ҶͷһһʵǿԶԸҪʩչѹԤֶӳ磬ҪעĶ
ְɣɽ磬Ӳҵһ˵
СӣôܴѾܲˣɽ磬ǸʱҲҲֹ
һΪҶȵֶΣûо޴в
𣿡
ҶȺȻӡսϢϢʼ
ţ
ͻȻɫһ
ҶȵĹϢʥϢʧˣķҲΪһɫĹףˣֳζ
ѵҲõ˵ĴУ
һʵǰ
Ҷȱͫ֮ͬնʪĵͬʱõ硢ĴУߣ㲻䱻ùѹҴڰƲ㣡
⡭بδе°
磬ںϣĴУҲᴫһϣ㾿ʲôˣ
ɲţͻȻһɻ
ԵߵԶŵȻ֪ܣڲǷֲԭ򣬶Ǻ֪һ㡣
󴫳һϣֻ˵еˣڲͬͷܴبŵĲܡ
·˵һԶŵܣҪõ
һˣһͨ˰ˣҲҪʩչĵһ㶼İ
ҶȻغס˫֡
ͣ
һɹɵ׹⣬˸̶ۡҶȵΧһЩӰ״Ϊڰ׹ҶΧ
ͻȻ¶־ı飺⡭ܣܣ
Ŷ
֮⣬һ⣬һֻ΢΢ȣδй־壬ڣˡ
һʮڴҶȾӵʲô߼ɵ
ڰ׾
Ҷ¶ׯϣƯ·˺ڰ˵ڰȻۣһɹףȻ硣
ͣ
磬Ȼܵڰȼв
߲𾪣һҲּŤôܣҵ˵УΰĴУôܳһϣ
Ҳ֪ΰΪλѡң⣬Զ֪ˣʵɣ
ҶȺڰⱬȼյĺڰף˲䳯Χ£
ᣡ
ʱͷһڰа㡣
꣡꣡
ڰװǰԵĹǿʼɺڰа֮һкڰ
ԭ߾Ե޼˻ǵΰȻһеҪڰͨ
Ȼڰ˲䱻ڰɡ

߷ĲҽУڰ˲ķȼĥؼڱڰաͬ
ΰҲᱻϣѹ
źڰףħһ㣬磬Ҫӳȥ
䣡
һֻţͻȻ
ңͷϡ
ˣڽ£˫ϥ¡һ¡
ϷǰԵڰҶȡ
ɶ񡭡߷ԼҶȲڽ££ֱŭɶͷŰԵ
ڰѹ
ҶҲоһ޷Ԧƿĸоϴ߶һͨһڰȻ˫ͷų¡
ҲҪƲã߾ˡ
ΣԶô
źڰϽ٣ҶҲͷһң˵İǱһţڽ£ãʵʵѹɣģʱҲɱ㣡
Ϊʲôΰ񰡣ΰߣΪΣĴУһ壬һ΢ࣿ
ȻҶȵ벻мУֻкڰֻԸϣǱڰѹ
Ҷȡ
һСࡣ


1384 ı
Ը˭Ҳ޷ȥң
ҶͷѹӸ£źڰϵϣϢڿʼи
ҡ
ȫڰƣȻͬʬһ㣬һ
ڳɹˣ
ಣ
һգ˲亹һ˲䱻ġ
գۣҶߣҶȣ¶һͣѹаҲΪɽ飬ľ޴ף򡭡ɵ磬Ҳѹ
ҶҲ˲Ϣӡ½𵤣仯ΪѰϢƣѾ֮ǰ޷ȵģڵǿ֮Уһ־ơ
꣡
ڰӡ֮УͻȻһˣơ
ôˣһ󲻽⡣
ˣȫѹа飬֪жڵƲ֮Ʋãˣ
ҶȹϵϣתűѹߣһΪһʬӶˡ
ȻͻڣҶȴûмԦ޼˻ͨ
һ򻺻ҶȣǹޣΪΣԭһа飬ɽͷųȥӦȻǻԶǿںϣɣٻɡҪɽ飬Ҫһˣ
꣬װһ㣬ӵзһ󣺡ԭˣһ㲻̫ģа취һɽУѰҴ󲿷飡
ˣҲɴ⣬˭ҲԤϣ᲻һǿ飡
һ䣬Ҷ뿪ˣʣ޾档
ߵʬ壬ǻŰɣϧ滹һЩϧʶƲãһɡ
˵ȰһΣۡ
һôװױ޷ԦĺڰĨɱ
Ǹʹ
ٿ
Ҷȸոͷ֮ʣͻȻӼͷһ

ڰʧҶ޷ԤϵٶȣſڣֱӰʬȥȻذСβͣƺһѩǰܣϾһֱûжԸ˵ˣߣһ޷
أ
ް˰βֻͣصҶȼͷ
¿ɺáˣͱһԴο£ҶҲ޵ʵ̶ȡ
޷Ը󣬵Ҳ޷Ը
Ҷʩвవˮа׷ѹȻŸ߲棬˵һ¹̣ҲûٸʵףҶȻѵõϹŷｻǡ
ܿ죬ҶȾ纺뿪˹ϴ½
;зһЩ⣬ҲӦڲʱ䣬ȥԸ飡
̺ǳУҶȿʼѹӦĸ飬ȥ֮ǰ˼
һɽֻǧ֮壬ϲ㣬Ŀǰʵ칦Ϳȫ㶨
һ˿ѵõЦ˵
һɽ磬Ǿȥɽ磡
Ҷûеһʱ䣬ڣǼ纺ٴηǿ֮С

޽֮ء
ߴʱգһƬС
ݼħ
룬ȻƯһڰߴɣΧϰһǿѲߡ
ڲٸ֣һٵٵľͷǾȻһħɭɭ·ȼյǰ
ӣǷħ
΢΢һɨ֮ڳÿˣһ֣˱վֱࡣ
ħһƳɻʣߣʱ䶼δڱչ֮СȻʵôںҵķħǸؼΪãΪãΪܡ
һپͷΪվħħڼ䣬ҵѹշ޽֮һЩǿֻҲǵһЩͷ
ħü¶΢΢⣬Ȼ򾲣þϹŰ񣬶ǰãҲȥϹͥɪһѣֻǱͥף˳ǴͥףսغϣȥֻҪȥ棬Ҳ뱾ΪУ
ǿ뷴칬йӴͥ
ͥ䣬ǸΪߡ԰ˣм˺ֻһСͷɣپͷв٣ǵ䣬ҲǺֻҪó⣬칬Ȼ
Ⱥˣ̫Լˣ
ħԱȽСǿԴ֣
ˣ˱Ҳ˵ûжٵ̣Ǹԣ½ңһ½ȥһʺƣǼͨһɲͥǽǸʵҲΪǿ治Ը⣬ȥɣ
ǣ
پͷ¡
Ƭ̣پͷ׷վħɽ仯
죬˲ŷ׷ȥ

ڿһ֮ʱħȻͷ
ٿ
һһͷ̷۵ˣУͻأ֣¶ƽȴ̺ա
Ǭ
ͷ֮磬Ҷŵˡ
ͷйʣΪǿߡ
칬֮꿿ͷ֮磬ѹۡ˹ȵǿߵ
ʱǨǬȻǸɲ⣬ֻϣӵһ˿ȻЦݣƮݣһһͨߡ
ħǬĵľ⣺ʵѾϹͥв࣬ѾɽνĴţǿˣ
ӳͷ֮翪ʼһֱһָһ񣬲㲻֪칬ĵ̣ǣǻкܴ࣬ǻҪȴʱȵ칬ǿžʼʱٳ֣ȥ֦Ҷ֦ɣ𣡡
ѹ꣬Ǭ칬ĺ⣬ʧ
Ŵ֮ͻᶯҡˣעߣûڱչ֮У
֪ΪΣϦ֮䣬ﵽٵĵزǡͨߡ츳ˣֻҴϣǸоһ֣ʶζϧѪûʲô֣˿Ժúãɵ磬иСӣҳƿô֪꣬ȴ˼һˣȥԸ
Ŷ
ϴΣķӡ֮أֶֹӣΪҶȣˣɽԸ칬Ϊصġ

Ѿ𽥳ɳκֶ첻򵥣Ҳòɵ֣ԸȻаա

ħǬǿߣڹ֮Уϵ̸
һʷУƯһ
֮У
һʮ߰ꡣ
֪õʲôȻڣڣһؿڣȻô̤룬ʵѳԽ٣
ħ̰ЦûС졯֮ǰǸĮ¼ţеƣϧϽıϢԽ뱾򱶣Ȼǳɾ󣬿ϧԸ˱𣬾ȥɷ֪
Һûе͹ʮٵȥ˵ɱòٴڱڲħӣٴεϧٴε޷ҵͨ־ʣҲ׶Ըң
ҵʵҲﵽڣͨߣԴʵ뱾ٴβ¡ҵö㿪Ƿ̫ˡңһҪħǬίߣЦǬֻܸоЩϢ޷ӦǱħΪҵͨߣ뱾Ѫû˿ϵ
ħЦЦֲ֪ıƣһ⣬㿪ʼչء


1385 ѹԪ
һɽ磡
ǿ֮Уһ׵ӣϻӶ˫֣Ȼͣվ𣺡һɽӦòˣ
ţһֱƯȴ
Լ졣
ಣ
ǿպȻһɶĿǳ⻷Ҷ纺ӹ⻷߳
ҶȵʮѾȫѹֱȥɽ磬ɽɽѱʰò࣬һЩɽŴ
ţ˵ͷ
ಣ
Ҷ̴߶߶ǧͼ
ɲǣ
ɽ磡
˾Ѵһɽ磬ɽ磬شﲩա
ڣʵ߶ǧͼٶȣþˣǲôǧͼߣҶȵɽ磬ҲֻҪʮ
ܶϢ
̤ɽ磬סͨ˲ϢʹӹɽգӦϢ
ţʼϸӦɽ硣
ಣ
ãһçԭҶ纺ˡ
çԭķǳأΪ˷棬ɽڣҶȶϤ
ҶȵĿĵأֻǸպþˡ
ǡ˵һᣬҪ׼ְѾԪնɱɽٴνɽҶȸд̾
ƺ𣬵ɽɵʱ̣¡
񣬽ȣһ˷ǡ
ಣ
ٴһ
˳սգȥһģɽ磬Ȼ⵽鹥
ȻʥɽĵӣɳأʥɽһԨԴ
Ҷ˫ᷨӡ߶ײ֮Ҷһģһֶ쳤۵Ŀܷ˳
ȥɣ
ҶʵѲȥԸ飬Ҫǣûʱ䣬˵Ѿ㲻һ¡
Ȼִ߶ǧͼȥӦÿϢɽʱգʩչײһܷжٵ
ڣײҶȽڣӵжŷӳҪá
ಣ
ɽ֮ϡ
һŮӴɽϽ磬һ£ھУ衣
ɽʱ޷ȥֱӡ
硢ɪɪʱ̣һλŮӣ࣬һӣҲࡣ
Ӱο꣬죬Ǿͳ뾸ңһ˽ᣬնеӴ㡢ٻҡɽ뾸ң˿ĶԹԹ
꿴纺Ҷȣһֱܵᣬۿ£ͬӨ׹֮С
ԭڽҲһɣ
һץѹľϸ֣ԭľسҶԱߡ
ѱҶΪܡ
񣬾ΪնɱԪ
ҶһľԭϢϵͷųԪ񡢽Ϣͳͳһ̣ӿ֣͸ɽءա
˾գȴѾԭ֮С

ɽδ֪һռ䣡
Ƿ桢ݵĻ磬סˣ칬ִ߿ܣ޴ǣھ档
һ̨֮ϡ
ţˣڳˣ
һߣͻȻۣ칬ۣ졣
վ߿մһӡһǿ칬ִӰǰߣСҪҪ뿪һ󡣡
ȥɣһ˰ٻִӰͷ϶ȥ
һҪնɱ
ߴŷɱ֮⣬·ա
֮
ɽ磬ɽڵķء
ٿȻһǿߣɽ罵٣ֱͷųһž޴һͻȻϮ
ɢ˲ס档
ৣ
칬۵칬ִߣ뽵٣Լһˣģٴͬȴִߵǿߡ
Χһֻӷߣ
ԪȻִ߳·һӣִ뾸ϸ֣һѷؿ˷Ӹ£·
Ԫ칬ִ߽٣ֲãԭɽû뵽㷴ԽΣյĵطԽȫ
ִߣ뾸ԪͬһٵĴڡ
һˣһˣֵ֣һλᣬץס˽칬Уͷأ
칬ΪҪˣ֣֮ǳΪ٣ǿߣ⡣һҲΪ˷ܣͬҰޡ
ԪɣţͣȻ棡
ִߣ
֮£Ǹܣ񱻴ƣ֮ȫ֮ϣһɽ磬һˣͷ֮磬ҲСĴڣ̶ʱ䣬֮ͨܣҲǵĶ֣
Ԫ֣һ֣ڡڵǿߣһʮˣ˷֮С
ͷķ档
оԪɳ֣˲Ϣɽӣ޹ˣƬ֮С
ȸӦԭϢ
Ԫפ㣬иҲͣ
Ӷ˫֣ͷŶͨ
ɽ磬Ⱥˣ޿ɺǵľ޵дͨߡ
Ԫ
ͻȻһ꣬ŮӣھԪոʱͳǰϿա
ţǡ
ڸһ裬ٴС
ԪҶ纺꣬ͻȻϣãҵĴС꣬ɽˣܲˣ
Ҷȴ߳һ˫ֱ󣺡ԪΣ㻹óѣʧôΣԸңҵҵĴڣˣǰ
㡭Ԫ𽥱һҶ﷢ĵͳ֮ʱò˼顣
ԭӡ
ǾԪˣҲʼҶȣɽ磬꣬͵칬ҡĴ¼
˴ҡ޿֣û˾ȵ㣡ɱԪ֪ʱ´ɱ
ٿ
أ
һӤͻȻھԪ

Χһ֣ʹࡢĽ
ԪתһȻǴĸ֣һ֪ô£ͱһɺڰһС죬һھͻȥҪ֪ǶڡڣȻ޷֮
ˣмˣߣԪ󺧲ѣʵ̫ˣ֣Ҳов
æʮ֣
ϧǹĺӰϣ
ٿһϿգֱ죬һɾ޴ƺܵίͳͳйϡ
Ȼޱһ١
ת˲ʣ¾Ԫٵִߣر޵סȥĲ
أЩˣһģ
ҶͻȻߣ纺ꡣ
ٿ
޼æһСβͣģ˲
Ǹɱ
Աһִߣδֳܵ衣
Ȼһŭ뾸Ԫһһǿߣͬʱ߶칬ۣһɹ칬֮ͨԵҰޣҶˡ
һ٣Ԫľңǰôĸ߹󣬲һڽ졭ǰ϶㲻ϣҾ㿴ʲôǾᣬɱɽӡֵ֮˸ܣ
ҶһЦ
ǧǰɵžԪΨֲ
ڡ
ֻﶯָ֣ͻȻһתݺһץָպ£һ޴ӡϷ׹¡
⡭
Ԫ֣һʱĿ࣬սϢĸоͷϣ羮һ㱬


1386 칬ɴ֮

ǶٵĴڣ
ǡ칬ִߣ
ƽ١
Ԫ֣ģʹ˷Ǳѹ׷׼һ칬ӰĿĽ⡣
һʱ䣬һεľͷţӡѹٶȣһЩܵӰ졣
칬ʥǹҶǰʲô飬˵칬ɣ
һʥǹ𹬣Ҫӡʱ
ӽһ̳
¡
ʥǹڵһ칬֮ϣ칬ͬϱ̴Ȼ飬ҵıըΪһƬɫ

ǵڶ𹬣һΣʥǹƺһЩһײǽҲϳ˹ѡ
䡭Ȼը
ٿ
ʥǹһ𹬡
һΣڵʯ֮䷢ԪˣĺȻعѾŵ԰ɫɪɪͫֻо

ʥǹһϡ
ǰ𹬣סʥǹ󲿷֮ǰײȻ޷κν𹬡

Ԫ˷·𿴵һ
˵ǰκ飬칬أҲͱ
ҶȺݺץסʥǹһұһ𣬴ʥǹȻ󡭡
һԹâҫ۰𹬡
䣡
ʥǹͬɫǣ͸ɫ칬칬˲Ϣ飬Ȼ󱬷ǰӿµıը
ͻͻͻ
ͬʱӡҲѽִϷ
¡
ӡֱѹ˾ԪٸֵķͬʱһһѪȻӡǿסˡ
ǰҶȣͻȻʥǹֺݺݶһѹͬһ㣬һȣ£
£
ͬͷųħԪˣϳҲԸı飬ͷҪƷӡ

ţͷӡ淢ȥ
¡
ǣӡ˵ͻȻһء
ֱ˫һҶһѹȻžӡҶȵǰ˫ϥأһɹѪ
Ͷˣʲôܣᵽˣ֣֮Щ˵ĸ˰ɣ칬һ¹򣬴δҲн죡
ҶȸֶѾļ򣬿漸ˣһṦ򣬾ͱȫԵˡ
ﲻ˵ططɣ
ȻҶһݣһɾ⣬̰С
ȻҶɢȥͷһɵ棬أһжմת˲˲ŽԹ⻷֮С
ռ䣬Եĵá

ԪԸʵʼƺվǾӡһֱѹıϡ
ಣ
ӡʧˡ
ţûվǲŷ֣ӡʱǻоƶڡ
Ȼ޷һ£ƺ˿ռ̶һбֹˡ
Ե磬ֻ󣬲ſԶһֻҪҲԸ⣬Ҳһǰ
Ҷ纺ʱǰ
Ԫ޾ŭ𣬺޲ðҶȻԵ
ҶȵһЦҿ˲ɱˣǡУüֵҲҾͲϻˣң칬һУҪ˵ǲ֪
ǲܸ㣡Ԫһ˵ˣ̬ȼѡ
ԭ
ҶȺȻһ֣һ칬۵ǰǾԭ
ѾΪܡ
ѱƳɿܣһУʶʣҲõ칬Ϣǵ԰ʲô
ͬҶץסܾԭͻȻָԭ˾ͱ飬Ϊ˳
ɶ񡭡Ԫŭɶ
˵˵һĻ˵ڶΡ
ĺȻҶĿɭɭˣ¶һаЦݣֻ޳ھԪߣ죬˲ȥ
һһٸ֣գ۹򣬾ͳΪʳ
˵ȫ˵
ҲǣҲ
ʣִߣȫˣǲѡûϣƿأǻбҪȥ
ܺá
Ҷ̿纺纺ȥ֮ڣϢȥˡ
֪ʲôǿߣ˵
֣һҶȺ󷽣£еʵ칬жپͷٰ񣿡
һʵͽɫήҵĵپͷкܶ࣬ˣҶǲĴڣʵﵽڰ񡭡ֻ֪һЩǰӦйʮˣϾǵĵλپͷ򽻵Ѿף
ҶȲδȣ칬ûҲΪɶҡĴڣʣ칬ǹػߣ
Ӧǡ
Ӧã
ȻǶ٣칬ӵķݣδõ߲㣬׿֤ʵǲػߣǴľͷУȷȷǹߣ
ܺãǵ칬֮ǺҲ
һؼһһֱ֪Ĵ𰸣ҶȻصʳ
칬вٵڲν칬֮ףֻżȻŹһͷ˵Ϊ࡯ǣپͷδʶ
࣡
Ҷüͷһ꣬סͻأص֡
ʣǲͬͷν칬֮Ǹ࡯û˿˽⣿
ͷȷһ칬֮ϧ˴뿪Ѿܾˣ֪ԭ򣡡
࣬δʶţ칬ƿߣӵ޷ƥеǹߣҲɵ磬Ĭϵˡ
˿¡Ҷһ֮Աǣһ˶ɽ磬δһͳǵԶʱĴʱͨʱڣôħ󣬽ɽ磬δһͳɽ硣
Ҳ޷
Ĭһ̣·¹ǿߣһֱڲУ
Ҷȿǣŵһ£Ҷʵ칬̳ںδ
һ˸Ͻ޽֮ߵʱ֮У칬̳ڣǿ߰أ̶ƣ
칬Ѻˣ̳ǳͷ֮硭Ӧûһصļɣ
Уڹ֮Уţ칬̳ڹڹݣ޽֮ؽ̳ǰһֱδƶѺﷸ칬صķˣ
̳ȥһΣλ˵ֻķˣѹţҹͣھ򣬱ԪһֱΪһߣӦ֪࣬ϧѾһǿ˵
Ϊھ򣿡
ȻΪ´򿪹
ԭˡ
ҶȰһһֱ֪ʲôطȻ취Ӫȳڿﵽ٣Ҳ޷Ӫȳۡ
õ۰ҶȶԸ칬ִһ֡
Ը칬칬ͻѹ
칬ɵңʲôƻжҶʵ
ɽңһΪ飬һΪ෴ǿߣȻ칬Ѿÿһɽ磬ɳǿߣ׼һδϴǶ֪칬ƣѾǰǰã
ʵ½磬칬һ̬ȣֻǼǿƣҾ칬߲˼Ǹɽ磬ɽΪգͷ뷽跨ҵİ취ɽ綯ңУֵһᣡ
ǿߣһһ˵


1387 
ǿߣͷǣĸΪ󣿼Ԫ֮ǶѰҰ취硭
칬˽ķ
ȻͷǶעҶҲȻð۹ųԶЩ
Ȼʵﵽ٣ϧ̫ͣʵٻõǯƣңǳԽ̫ĴڣҶȫ޷ﵽ۷壬ֻǸոӵгԽٵ
뻺ǰ
ֻߵ֪ɣ˶ش⡣
꣡
ͻȻҶȻΪһ⣬ͻȻǿǰ˫ﶯſֱָ˵ͷ­֮ϡ
㡭Ҫɱң
ɣԶŵСˣ
칬ִߣѿҶҪʲôپԵ
𣿱ǣֻСƣһһʹ죬ǰʹ࣬ǱеͳͳҪɣ
ҶͷԵЦݣ߶һ˲ΪҶȵ֡
Ϊ˸ʬ
ȻǵԪ䣬ӵеı׷Ҷȡ
֮ҶȾҪżȥ纺һͬȥԿռ䣬˿֮ǰʥɳǣĴ󲿷ˡѡš
ǶҶȲõУչУھУǲõʱ䣬ҵȥУҶµĸԴΪʱʱ̶̿ڷ仯ҪͻƣҪ뿪䡣
ǣ洢㹻ɡ
ಣ
뿪ռ䣬һγɽ֮УΪ˱괥飬Сǧͻɽ磬ն졢ơٻһ
Ҷ纺˲Ϣصڵĸ߿ա
ȻڸӦҶʼٻܷ
Լ˰ʱ
һܷɹض飬Ҷȴӿܷڲӡռ䣬һٶʿ
ڶܷȥ죬ŷɻţǳɶԣǳȺ˷Ϸ
ÿܷ⣬ѹ֮أ֮塣
һڣӦۼ֮أͶ϶Ӧ֮壬ҶȽ󲿷֮纺뿪ɽ磬̤ɽ硣
ɽҶȣش壬ɳĵطɽ磬ԾЩİ
̿ʼͷӦͨ
ҶӦΧɽɽ磬΢΢һЩŻȻţеɳأռ䣬ɱ¾ǿϢ
飬ϽľͷҲơ
ಣ
һ¹ȥӦüۼ֮أҶȥʱȻһٷɽ罵ٶ¡
Ҷȵץģ֮䣬ξնݶʦܣѳɹǧץ飬ٻ̫࣬ʱ»ӳ󷨣
ɽ磬ץ֮壬Ǹġ
ˡ
Ҷ֮ʩչײһٶܷΪǿҶȻ£ɣһһٵٵĴڡ
ŪһУҶȾ纺ݱɽ硣
ɽ磬ֶ졣
Դ鱬ֶɽ磬ǿѹ飬һʱ䣬ɽС𶯣ʼţǺԽ࣬գ˰ֶ졣
Ȼ鱬һٶֶȹ̵ѹ飬񣬼춼иʹߣֶӴ
ҶȻع֮纺ռ䣬ʽص߲ռ䡣
ʱӦɽ磬йʡʶĴڡ
Ѱ̡ѩӣˡȵˡ
Ǿţһãξ򣬰ֶΧ˴򣬹һصŵӣн
һƴ󹤳̣Ҫ½ӣıʣܵɽųѹơ
ֶɽȴ޷½Żǽɢ
Ҷȸոջع飬Ϣֶ촫
߲׷Ҷȼ棬Ҷͨһδξۻᣬֶڲ仯ı䣬Ҳһһ֪֪ס
ع鼸֮
ξ뻪ɵۡյ¡ĪԿ񡢹ŽȵһЩ֣Ҷȣһֽͬһڲ֮ͬǰ
Ҷǰٶֶ֣ڣڣҶδĴڣɽ綯ңĵӣعˡ
̾ڽ֮ǰͷɹ󷨣ֶ챾ԴڲаϢѹס
ֻаϢ֮ʵЩǡ
ʦܣѹЩ鲻ףҲǣξͿһˣյЩҶȵʵһ
вأɵƺҲһѳ˵ǰӡ
ξĮȻҶȣȴûһɻ󣺡ʦܣ棬иرﵽٸ߶ȣǼźòѹסģѣǶ
ţ
ôˣ˿
Ҷ֪ΪִϣΪĵһݹס
ಣ
˲֮ڡ
ʦЩ꣬ɳô졭Žид˵ҶȵգϹŷӡ֮أħ֮¡
ͻȻһǷûʦѾ̤ڣոսһ̣ϢȻе취ӡںϣ
ڣ
˽Ϊ𾪡
ֻξû˿⡣
ʦ̤ţһ꣬Ȼô̤ڡ˼ٶȣĪԿһֱ֮С
ڣ
أ
֮壬ַӡסѹЩǿ飬Ѿ˷ӡڿռڵѰҷ룬ǹ硣
ͻȻǶˡƺӦʲôڡ
ಣ
ϰ飬߿գΪҶ˳
ĺáĿ֮£ͷҵȰһͨĿռڣ˵
ҶһᣬԴﵽɵۡһٵ֮壬Ҷʮ侲һץƽ飬ξЩˣ

֮⣬ڡںĵӣһһ
ҶȻǵĸۣ̾ƽ飬ֻУһˣ̴߶
ڲУҶ΢΢ıһЩƣظӳ֣עγһĿռ䣬Ȼ󡭡

׹ײ飬߶ʮһһһƽ飬УȻʣ¾Ǽ𣬱ӡ֮塣
УȻм𱻷ӡӡڲǿ飬ǴﵽٵĴڡ
أЩǿߣû뵽ô͹ںϵŻᱻᡣ
ɣ
ɲٿԴƵġ
Ҳԡ
ƽ飬ͷޱǿ׹⣬һһ֮壬УǼǿ飬Ȼľѹǲ롣
ǺǣǣҿԵԴβңÿˣΪõ췭ظı仯
ҶȰһЦ
ʦܹȻ
Ȼڣ߶ٶ޷
˱ˡ
Χյ¡ĪԿ񡢹Ž˾̾ѣҶǰٲȻѾǱȼ磬Խǡ
Ϊһֵ𾴡϶ִϡ
Źȥһٶꡭʹڽڡٶȣʵڲ˼飬ʦȷȼ֮ȷһ۹⣬ȥʦܣⷬɳȥǱȻӵһ١ٵ
ξһֱĬ֨ȴȻһκˡ


1388 һ
ᣡ
飬Ҷȹʮֳ״̬һȫ߶ƽ飬ڣȫ֮С
žžž
̣绺ĵӣҶȣ𾴡
˿̿ʼͬǰλִϡ
ಣ
Ҷһƣ̬ɳ磬յ¡ĪԿǰǰػó鵤Ҷȷ¡
ʵǿߣ𾴲
ûʵһϣһˣ벻ݡ
ʵ˲̡
Ҷأص߲ռ䣬ԼĹ֮С
õϢξٿҪᣬǧһɽ絽ɽ߲㣬۸߿տռ֮С
Ҷ˴ִߣϷξ񡢻ʮسϣһֻͬ飬£ҶȿóξҪں֮С
ڲŴ硢裬жٵֿʼӳȥµӼ룬Լ˷ҪֶԮԼ飬Сµ£һһóۡ
Ȼʱûһ£ȥСº
飬ҶȶּĬһƣС
ϣξ񣬼ռ䣬Ϊ½ն졢ơꡢٻڣڼԸ顣
Žڣֻø飬Ҫһʱ䣬ȫ
ȻʱڣҲзչҪʱ̡
ֶٻԭûǣֶ´ҳǸֶ첻ӵħͬԴصӡ
̫ƽʢκҰĵ޷ɾʹ¡
Żᵮۡ
ҶȾǸӣѰһᣬﵽĿģȻǱţҶҲҪԣڵΪɲԣӦǸӵĴڡ
֮󣬵ҶȻصԼĹʱȴξһˣڹ
ξֱӿڵʦܣɽƸˣܶǴ𣬾ȻֱҪϹͥϧͥ£δɹһٶڵӻңֱϹͥǿߣǰĹأ׷״޽ֶ֮죬ǰãҲһپͷĦҪ㣬ǿʵʱҪʦ𽻴񣡡
ҶҲأʱʱ̶̿ǣڵȴĳ֣ҲҰĵĵӣƱڰУ˷ˣΪŵĲأʦ㣬ʦ㣬޷ӦĴڣΪʲôҿԴһЩ仯Уҳҵټʱ䣬һкܶҪζԸ飬ҲҺܶྫ񣬶һҪ飬ߴãʲô鷢ҪһʱңʲôҪ˽£Ҷһʱϻ
ţͷҲͿ԰ע֮ϡξЩҶǿ֮УеҶȵ𺳡
ˣĪˣϴûгɹ״ԸңһֶΧ͸ڲ
ҶһѲ
ĶԹԼ£Ŷĳͷţ޷ġ
ξҡҡͷ֮⻼飬һ˽һӿһʱ⣬ܵ³
ξδ̫ͣãʧȥ
ҶҲûл죬ڹУٻ桢࣬Ϊϴ
ҶȾͿʼҪڵĸ߶ȣʩչӦܷӦǸħͬԴصӡ
Ӧͬˮϵӡɢ
аڵֶ죬ֶĵӣڵӣۼͬһռ֮УʣϢӸӣı䣬أҶȣѰһӣҲͬ롣
ڴĸӦȻˣҶȼÿòΪ硢̸һ
գҶֻӦһЩħаϢв٣ȴûһԴĵӡ
˼ȻĻǣǱֶ죬Ʊػ׼Ȼֶ֪ĵԡϣʲôɱϢķǾͨǲ¶ʲô״̬ŸոճԽ٣̤ٵżҪѰҴˣǲס
Ӧֹѹȥ졣
ǰ춼ɣΪϸҵǸټҶȲ˻Ѿ񣬿ϧûҵ˿
ɽ֮Զʱڣħ棬δһͳɽ磬Ȼɽ޷͵Ĵڻ
֪жʿ
ʣǸӵħͬԴĵӣˡ
ʱ䲻ȥʱ½ȥ棬ɽ飬ȸ㶨鷳˵
Ҫһڡһȥԣ飬ҲҪһһȥ
ҶΪξ񷢳һִϣ򵥹֮ͨ󣬱ٴ뿪
ĽΪɰɽŵӡ
ֶּѹ飬ɽաˣֶ콮ΧǳءϢ֮ء
ͷɹꡣ
ⷽǲΪֶ죬һɽ
һӣ͸ɴŮӣһǳ룬ߴĹ¥ϣԶƯڰգȭͷСʯֶ졣
Īӣūҿźܵ
һŮӣ˫ַ·޹һ㣬ߡ
ĪЦЦ񷣬ơ
Уƺһжƿء
ոҶȻ뿪ˣִֻϲ֪ȥ򡭡ϧˣ
ȻһáݵŮ
ܻģ˵Ҳֶ̫߲ӣǲ֪ξѰˮ壬ˡˡм״ӣ벻ٺĵӣУ
Ī֣§뻳УλŮԶ˿һԡ
§Ī䶯ˣˣֻõӰˣΪԶֻܱŪƿأڴ˰ˡֱʱ֪ʲô飡
ֻһߣ۹ųԶЩЩʱ䣬ɽңֶŸոϣڲҲƽڴüӿ첽˳Ϊһɣֶڲѣǲлᣬƿֶ죬ʱȡѩξֶۣ
𣿡
Ķ˰㣬ԶȻһɽ磬˲˵빬֮С

Ҷȴ뿪ֱӴ߶ǧͼɽȥϡ
ಣ
ոմɽ磬һٷ½
Ҷ뿪ǧͼٷǰȻһ飬ն켤˵ֵܣɽû뵽һ㣬һ½ǿߣɽӶʣϾоԴٸϣ
Ŷ
ն˲Ҷϲ񣬾Դںıһ;ԴҶѾںϲֳ־Դȷն˵һ㡣
ʱ߶ǧͼɽ磬ɽ硣
ɽ硣
һΪĳǳ֮С
ϴˣ
ӰһзɳնƣգѾһӰԦǳ⻷񷽵ٶ
Ҷֻ֣գۣҶȾѳնǰ
նҶȼ򣺡ֵܣԴϢոսػұ㷢ȥٷĿ漰ʱ
ڨڨЦƲƲ죺ӵоԴǿߣǡ֮ۡеϴǶΪˣΪһ٣úǿζ


1389 ѹ
㲻ɽѹȣʵҲȫѹۣն쿴ҶȣԱ뿪ʱǿࣺǰͻһ٣ǿʯ֮ҲҪ̤٣
ƣͻһˣҶȶʱϸӦħ
һ𣬲ᷢ߸ı䡣
ҶֻעˣԳΪ
ȻϢѾӵϢʮֳ棬ƺϾҪͻƶ١
ħɪʼ磬һٺ٣˳ǧϰ֮ĹϵϴҲͻڣ
ҡ
Ҷϰߵľһһˡ
ȻÿˣУʱӢۣ𣡡ն󣬸пս޷ĸ߶ȡ
ɽ磬նƣҲҶȿԶ񷣬̺ǳƯ޾ʱһɽ飬ܿͻᱻ󲿷֣ɽϵ飬Ϊϡ٣ȥѹץ֮壬ֶ죬磬ƣѹ֮󣬱عʥɳǣúھռһȡͻƶ٣ʵҪһδɱ䣡
ǻʲôͷаħ⡣
ӳõ꣬Ҷϴ߶ǧͼ˼Ԧǳ֮⣬ʧڷǳϡ
ǧڡ
ɽɽ磬һ̳ɽš
ԺһţΪһƬ档
ӣͬ˰Ľһ֮С
ǧڵʥ֮УڣƯʯϷؼʮǿߣƷѰұ
Ŀࡢƾӣڱ֮ϡ
һԳɭɭˣĿƵ磺ǧڣֻǷһײȱһ޷߶Ĺûжջ񣬲֮ǰӶһţջ񼸼һЩʯϧЩͽˣűͬС
磬Ҫżʱ仹кܶ࣬ǰɽδңǲ½һţϹͥ칬ܵвǿԷ½磬һʺơұӣЦ
˵ĺܶԣ½ңɽƶƻɣλӣͬˡ
ˣˣ
ǿߣȷ֮ʣһڵ꣬ΨΨŵŵܽ
ұӣͻȻ䣺˻ţ
굱ϥأСĸˣһٷ
Ŷ
۶ʱһ
䣬㵱˴Ī޽֮ؽύļλѣҲ½ˣ
ǲ֪ڼɽ磡
ȿ
ǿߣɻȴһʱֲ²ʲô׷꣬ͷʾٷ
̻ŵ֮ģ·֮ǰʲôµ£һƣͷųһɫٷ
ಣ
ħһͻȻֳֻۣүүˣֻһĿģѹǣ֪ȤкӹûС
۲Ȼһŭʱվ𣺡ͽ
ಣ
һǿߣ˲ɳգۣǻӳƣֱ̩ɽѹ֮ƣħӰȥ

ɽ磬ԴһΪ԰κ˵һӰ
ڳħ첲ϣ˿
䣡
֮еħӰ
ħ˫ֺȻڸǰȤضź۵ϴ󣺡̫ˣ̫ˣͬΪһ٣ʮǧҸǸһԣ
ӣ

벻һĻˡ
۵϶ֱһ⣬һѸײڶ֮ƣǧڱߣϴ߶һ⣬Ȼɳ
޵ð̰
ħҡҡͷӰʧʧ֮䡣
ͻȻһƳʣ£һŵľδӦǿߣаƲƲ죬Ȼ󡭡

һһħ˵İʮǿߣգۣͳͳ֮УȻ۶ӣŴ뿪
ڵЩϺзħ𿴶ûһۣƿնȥ
̵ģû뵽˵ùɽ˺ϢħϢ֪ǲħһ޽֮صһ֣
һɷɷپһ֣
Ȼɱƶа̸֡
һ⣬źֲۣشɽɳֱӷɽ硣
ϵطɹɽ磬ֱɽ硣

Ҫɹ޴ɽ磬ϧһϤȴİǿ־嵽ЦΧգͻأ䴩
һͷƿ˷ǣûһӰ
ϴΪߣʶҲ㣬侲ŻٶȣգΪҪΪҵȣ޽֮أϰˣһУ޶
ΪϣҪĶһİӵ
ֹһˡ
һһ
֪ʲô¿УȻóֻҪΪҵֵܣϴ˵
Ŷ
ಣ
ħն졢Ҷȣ߳պںǰ
καǶ׳˳֣һ㷴˼ҲûˣԷʵͨȫ޷͸
ҶЩʧն죬䳰һۣڵ򣬵һʵȲϣͬΪ٣ڵ䣬ǿ
Űɣ٣ԴɲǴҵģն춺ЦˣˣȻʱʼٸ֡
ʱ޷ڡ
ħˣۣӵеľԴȻǳɣǣɽ磬Ȼ԰
ԴΪԴ
ƺһиϴεֵ½֮ʱǡɽ綺һʱ䣬һУõһݾԴɽ屦Ȼ󣬵Щˣûκμֵ
ಣ
˵꣬һץһɽ籾Դڵķӡħȥ
Ҷ򵱿̯ģӡһ˲飬¶һһɾ޴ľԴҶǰһ
һ޴ľԴ
ĹǣνΪؤΪūǳʵЩʵԴһȴ׸ģ
˵ǵøǣԸ⣬ǵʵһˣԺʰǣ㡭Ӧúħ¶ԵЦݣͣƬֵǡûѡ񣡡

Է˵̫ԣǻּۻۣʱˣ
ǡ
ʵ̫ǰ޷ӣս޷սֻ·һٺò޵öɣˣֵ
ȥɣ
ҶͷԪӡӣշ˵ͷ֮С
ȥ
ţǧͼ߶ˣҶͷһƿڱӡ֮𽥷ӡĺۣǿնȥ
֮ϡ
վһҶȵĿܷʱһܷз
ͬʱһȦǳ֮⣬ǰͻأ䡣
Ҷȡն졢Լڴǧͼ𺳵ĺۣǳ֮⣬
Ϣ
װ
նħ𣬼һۣоڣΪǿ͸ԷǶԷ͸ǡ
ڣһϢ
ȴڿǡ


1390 ʥɽ
ϴ󡭡ôǰоЩİ
ڷ;У޷͸ǸǰСķɻҶȰн
Ҷ΢΢һĿ񽫣УʮصĴڡ
رǵֻۣӵױȵҶȰӦΪڵô꣬ڵҲԽԽǺģһֻű仯ҵķЯںʮ٣Լı仯ʮ
ħһʱĬ
ˣ
վֶҶʡϢֹȻоŷ
Ҷͣ£棬Ҷ΢ЦʵɽΣ
׵߰˰˰ɣȫЩܷģǿȥɽ磡
ɽ磬ڸɽ磬೬һţѹ飬ǿɷ½Ųúһʱ䣬ɽһʱ䣬Ȼص
ڵںϣʱʱ̶̿ҪıԴȻҪϻصˣЩ꣬ռڶ֮޷ĵӣӻķ
˲䷭֣̯ģһöɫ䣬Ư
ڣҶȡ
ڶ֮޷ĵӣħ̰ȵ̾
Ŀڳħϣޱ˵ƣɺܳһʱˣȥ磬Ҳ㹻ڵͽ׶ںϣ
ҶȸָһԼͬϢͷų̫ˣЩӵͷĵ̣
Ǿʹ˷ֱɣ𣬼סڤУ㲻ڵڵʱʱܸ̿оڳ˯΢䡢¶ĺ֮
Ҷȵͷƿնȥ
ڤҶȻǸǣȴ¶Ůӣڱĵϵس˯ȴȥѡ
ɫͻȻϾɫϴ˵ģܸоЩ΢仯
ҵȷ˽һ·ڵһڵĳɳ״̬ȵȡΪ֮ұ̫ͻأɽ綯棬ʱҴ̫ײһ𡭡Ҳںϣ޷ģ
һ㣬²ȥҲȥˣ²ͬڣҲڣ޷㣬Էʲô仯ңҲ޷ȥ֪ԭ򡭡
Ҷսɫ䣬һѣȷ
Ϊģħ
ħ뿪𣬶ɻγɸ塣
ôף뱾ơ
ն֡Ƴһ㣬ҶߣοֵܣȻʵ֪ˣô죿ѵĨɱ˷ͷȻֱʸ񣬽磬ֵȥһ̽
ţʥɳǣ
õն찲οҶ̻عϰٿܷڡ
ˣֻܼ飬״̬ôˡСĶᴦһ״̬
ȥǳǷǣӰģΪе谭Ϊƿ

һˣʧɽա
ɽ硣
ɽ硣
˿̣ɽĽ磬ø޴ʱʱˣɽ硣
ಣ
Ҷȡն졢ƣźۣӴǧͼУɽǰ
Ӧòɽ硣
ǡʥɽ硣
Ϊ˴޴磬оϤϢӵҶȵķӡֶΣҶҶԶɾ״ۡͭƻǧƵ˵Ϣ壬ʥɳǵ״̬
նѣΪҶеˣֵܣ˰ɽڣӵˣɵ볬ۣչȥȻΪɽ磬һ˽֪İɽ磬ʥأ
ҶȵôپͷȻ԰쵽ϴεõģʮپͷھɽ磬Ȼϰ
ˣ
ȻһۿӰһ𼫿Ķٸ֣ɽڷɳ
״ǧơ
ӭ֮£֮֮ڡ
ȻǵʥɳڵĽ֮ϣֻɳǣȻͬһ㣬ƯڰգΪɽڣΨһһʥߵĴڡ
ľֶΣ޷ʱٸˡ
ʥǣڹ֮⣬˴ٸ֣ڵȴԻġͭƻΪס
ֵõ٣ΪʵֲĻģԶԶһɨƺͿһС
ͭƻض˵˵ʵƺҲǿޱȣ
ǡͻڣ
һܵ𺳡
ҶڣʵǿޱȣͨڿڣôʵĴĵ
γԹԪڵķӡϧ̫ǿˣ̺ԽƵķӡɶ񡭡ֶμֱûʲô𣡡
ĲȻһŭϾҶȵ˽٣ʧ
ӭˣ
˴ٸ֣ͬʱҶȹ˻ֻ΢΢⣬˶ӭ
ҶȿһۻģŮˣһݿģġ
빬Ҷ˽ۣܺҲʮǿߺ󷽣λԶԶǰʮˡ
ɣ
Ҷն졢Ϸ֮ϣ·ʮپͷ
մ߶һӡһԹ⻷ֳҶҶԶɾ̫ľҶ𡢾ĪȻ졢ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫䡢̳֡
ЩˣʥɳǵҲҶҪˡ
꣬ھУһô˼¡
ʮָ꣬ˡ
ʮ˳֣ûж仯ڣӵһߣ޷ӵеԣΪԦԣü̻
ġͭƻ״ۡǧơ۵ˣ𺳵Ŀࡣ
ಣ
նȻգץһʯ
ҶȽӹʯʮٸ֣䱦ƽ⡢ƶɽ֮ĽʯλǾǾð񣬾ңԶ𣿲˵󶼲ңԶ
ʯ
Ҳо֮ӿʯ֮У
ˣһ
ڿʼʥɽ磬Ͳػҵ磬ͬԦʯմϵԣһһȡͻڵľɣ
Ҷվһֳ֣ͨ
ĵһվ֪ңʯζõıȻҲ̤񣬵ǳɲɹ˵ġ
޾ʯǾͲһˡ
ʲãѽʯУ˲ͨͭƻǧơ״۵һһ롣
ԥһᣬǻŲ뻳ɫͨ
ಣ
ͨʧģҶȿɾ̫ľʥɽѾٻǣһһãڵһ񣬾ͻƣΪٴνɽ磡
ǣ
˵
ҶȻѹôپͷԷ磬ΪҶ׵Ӫ˶޷ع
ҶԶһӣôٸ֣ʥɳǣͻȻôĪʥɽ硣
ҶҶԶ򣺡ȶͨ촫棬ʲôǻῴӲ˼漣
˶вͬĴŹɾ̫ľ뿪

¡
ʥɽ߿ա
Ȼƺһؽһس֣ɽߣһһʥɽ磬һֱڲĽ֮¡
ʥɽʥǣڵˣֻԶԶعʥǣǱǣڶɽУʥء


1391 Դ
Ͽա
Ҷȡն졢ƯӲϽٵ
նд˵ô꣬δţٲϵؽ١ֵܣʥɽ磬ǿע⣬ˣ
ԽԽãв֮ˣͼıʥɽ磬һѹһħмЦһԸ·ҲҪû
Ҳ䣬úһ
תصǿƣ˲Ϣռ䡣
նħһƬԣϴ𵤡ѪԪ
Ҷȿ˿ʮٸ
ʮˣץסѵõĻᣬƴԣ·ھռ䣬Ҫո㹻ɸһ㡣
˶٣һٸ֣ԣɵԴںΪһԣ忪ʼںϣһɵ׶Ρ
٣ͭƻԼϴԼˣżǿʼѹ֮ѹ֮󣬲ſʼϴ
ʯƯ֮Ͽգնɽ֮
һˣġ
ΪͥһףȰĴڣԣ
ɽ֮֮ܿ󣬱սʯڽڳÿˣԻľԶ֮
̫ǿˡ
һ֮ߣ޷ƣͻΣգأˣҪô
໮
ĵֶΣش۴߲֮ʥںϣ֮ʥ֮УҪ֮
㣬Ǿ֡
˽ʯֱӵһռ䣬ڶɽ֮ýʯѹӵһʯ³Ϊ񣬽ߡ
ٹȻһ޴ѹأΪԣнʯĻ̤񣬿Ҫһ๦򣡡
˽֮ҶְѾ뵶ūٻ
һݣǿƣɽ𣬾˾Ҫʼչɵ磬壬塣
ǼһֱھռԣѪӵо֮ǽչԽԽһʵﵽ˵Ķ٣ڶٸ߶ȣսȴǿ٣ؼ壬նɱҲס
ڵūںϸΪһ壬ʱ߶˱ֱۣۣңͬɾնϣ
ұɾӿֲնϣͻ
ūѾΪһֲɱ˻
䣬ӵвľ
ҲĻ
ҶūǻȥУȻȥ纺һ󣬱̳ռ䣬ȶ
һٴڽڣҶҪһγʱС
ȻʵǳɰܵĹؼûʵҲΪ
֮ҹȥ֮󣬾Ҫķڶ۽񣬻СʱȥħһˣѰˡһͻƶ٣ұݣʼټߣ뽣ȵȣ
ʼ֮ǰҶȻǲһ˼ӵпʵ񣬻кܳĲࡣ
ȻҪȴһʱ䡣
̫һ¯
˲䣬ӡ⿪
ȼյķ̫һںϣϯȫ¯Ҳڲȼ
ռԣӿٶӿҶȡ
ҶΪ⣬粻ͻƣѪۺ׳ȻӦӵĲ˼飬ǿԣԣȻ΢΢ԶӿҶȡ
ǲܵ顣
Ȼɵ޷ԶӦ񣬾ɽˣɵԴʱظӦ
̫컯ȭ
ʼȻӵһ̫ʼ
̫ϯҶȵգվ𣬻Ӷ˫ȭһ컯ȭϵӿӵһʽ졢Ե޵С죬ʽңһȭһȭ컯ȭӡʼ̤ڡ
ȻϲڣȻûеʽֻ֣֤һ㣬ڻûʸʵﵽʽϿɡ
컯ȭҶУǿսֻ֮ͨԱȼ磬ͨ컯ȭ֮һ
컯ȭǰʽĪ컯ȭȭʽʽʽ·֮ϵĴͨ
Ȼֻһͣ޵ǿ޷컯ȭȻҲ磬Ե
ҡҡͷĪǵõȵ󣬲ֵܳʽ
ҶȼΪΣҲøԶȻǸ߶ȣǳ֣Ҳ޷⣬ں컯ȭ
䣡
һȭһȭĹȭҫԿռ䣬ըͬͷŹâһкڰ
ȭ壬γɿµĵƣʼҶȵΧһȦȦĹƣǿء
űǻ龻֡ʥǹ
̫ʱսڲɴߵޣڻתûͷ
̫ǧʧ޼˻ס
ͬս𵤣½ڵĺڰҲ΢΢ת׹ⲻϵ˸ޱߺڰΧ
ڰ׾޼ս˻ͳͳͷβ顣
֮Թɹ޽塢âϱȵһһʼᡣ
ͬǣڵڣӦĵӰҶǵʱǶת໥Ӧ
ߣȻ֮
нڸ߶ȣӵܹȥꡣ
ֵ
ϧ䣬Ӧûʲô仯ҶȽ뵽ڣһֱģҶţһд̲ͨУϧȥ߶
̷ڤƽ顢ҪĴһһںϣʩչڲơ
ЩҶҲԼ۲ˮûб仯
ˮ߸аʹõ˲飬ӲâڤҲܱʮ֮һ
ϧˮȻûб仯ֻ̫һ΢ĸӦˡ
б׶ˣһµں֮Ҷʵ߲٣󣬱ʡ
ߡߡ
ʣţʵʵҲ֮ʺҶȣʵİ취
һжн֮Ҷȿȥ֮ǰ̥ǣȫˣʵ췭ظ仯
ʽ̤ٸ߶ȣ֮ǰ̤ڣֻǳԽ٣ϣʵȫﵽٸ߶ȣֻ״̬ӮʡԪаʡƾȣһ࣬ߡġЩǿȣܾ޴󣡡
ȻǾ仰Ӯӵ
һڳΪһǿߡ
˵԰Խ棬ܣҲ޷вԶȫͷţвǶҲûޡ
˵ʩչǧͼʣҶΪٶȣҲֻĪ
Ҫɣ½õǧ֮壬ӴȫΪӣʥɽ磬ɽٹ̣
ȥ
ֻҶȺ֮䣬ͷų챻ֽƣӡס֮壬飬һ޴¯ʼγɡ
꣡
Ҷָһ¯˲俪ʼȼա
أ
ͻȻض֮壬ϧҶûʾ⣬ֻһԣͰ͵ظɵۡ
ٺ٣㣡
ô֮壬ںҶȵһǧ֮һԣ޶ʱͳȥ
ˣ
תһ⣬Ҷӿ


1392 ̰Ŀ
ת߶һ̺֮ϡڣƳ߼ת˰ɣ
תҶһֱת鶦ľ޴ô
תΪ󶦱̾һ磬ȻԣΪ뿪ʵЩѵģ
㹻ˣ
õ𰸣һ龻֣ǧ֮Ϸ·¯γѹ״̬ת
࣡
ԣľҪ
龻ֳ֣չ޵Ĺ֮ɲǼ䣬Щǿʶڸо־壬Ϊħ׼˺ӡ
Ǿռ䣬󶼵óοǡ
¯ȼգҶȻӶ˫֣һЩѪϵӿת鶦һЩС飬ʼΪҽΪ۴СӣһЩǿ飬Ϊգаʶ·沨

һͨžʶĨɱ𽥻Ϊʱʬ壬һ㣬𽥿ʼѡ飬춼ǹƤ׹䣬Ȼ󣬱㱻¯һ⣬ͳͳٻ
ǧ֮飬𽥵ʧһſӣ඼۴СеģҲȭͷһЩ
ʶԽǿԽǿȻҲ޴һЩ
ʣ֮һ֮壬飬ҶʵҪȫΪӣҲҪĴԪ񡢾ġ
ڲ̤ڣӵ״̬Ҷ˵Ҳһ뵱Ȼ¡
ūҪǿĵ֮壬ںаĳһ˵Ҳ˵ͬԴȻȲħ䣬Ҳָ
ڷδ֧жĵūھռԣϵʵԽԽˣʵѾﵽ١
һɨޣѾ˲֮壬Ȼ뵽ū
ūҶһɱ˹ߣںϣ仯˭Ҳ֪ǡЩõūҲա
ȻҶȿʼƯһЩСӣ߶ʼһһںϣȭͷСӡ
ȥǧ֮
ڣе֮屻ͨѹҶӵǧž˵ӣЩӵӣ̺ǵı
һܷҶڷϰٿӣ뿪˾ռ䣬ȻҪӣҶʥɽˡ
ָʮٸ֣ȥʮӣ뵶ūõӣٿţ˭ӵв
ն죬Ҳһ˵õٿӡ
ʣΪʵչҶ˴ֱʣôӣָˡ
ҶԼֱͬơްɣЧãΪԽǿͷ棬֪ӵҪԡ
Ҳõģʮٸ֣ʥɽˣͨ͸¶ȥΪǴ󲿷ˣҶƿأʮٸ֣Ǿռ䣬֪ҶȵܣҲ޹ؽҪ
ΪǱҶƣƿأ֪һУҲûʲôеģԪӡͻĨɱǵʶ
ʧȥɵˣ̸ϴй¶κܡ
Ҷȼʼںӣץסᣬɸ
ʥɽ磬ʱ䣬һ֮Уٱʮϵ̾ʥɽϷȻ䶯
ʥɽԶգʮǿߡ
УһߣӣЩɡ
Աһ꣬ץסᣬ˵С˵ٰɣɽ硭ʥɽ磬֪ʲôˣƿأʱʱٱɵ۵ֵۣڣʮڣھͲˣ
ɽȷδ£
ź룬ضķʥɽ磬ʵ˴󶯾ؿɽˣɣ
ȻŲپͷ֪ʥɽ磬Ϊγ걬ٵԭˣеĴɵֱۣ̤ڣеĴڣʮ̤꣬ڣһ룬Щ˼飡
޷͵£űȻϵҶʥɽ棬д򣬾챦֣Ļôͬʱڰɽٵģ
üһ
úȥһʥɽģӴǵˣû˸ҶôһЦ
ǣ
طʥɽ硣
ʥɽ磿һССɽ磬ھɽ絽ǣ˵٣ϷΪҲƿأǻǵС£
һֱȴš
ֳ֮ңԶһƬɽ֮С
ɽ𣬵ڲѾûжˡ
߽ɽ룬ʹĹ֮͢УһԺ䣬һһŮԱмʿȻһٸ֡
ӴԼʮͷһͨīۣȥһͨˣԱŮӣߺŶЦݣ·˵ʲô
Ůһذ׳£ѩϵѩס
ⲽСŮһ࣬ˣūˣ
ԶһƬʱգǳ٣ҵԭ򣿡ӲͷüͷһͬһɽѹסƬԺ䡣
߹ūȥһˣǴһΪʥɽ磬ͷųģɽǰΪɽ磬ǸŮƿأû֪Ůӵ
ɽ磿ɻ룬ƺûӡͿԱŮӣh֪
ˣ
ŮӺЦɳɽʱһΪľ쳡Ůӣйʣ֮£֪ھɽ紴һɽ磬Ϊɽ磬Ӧþʥɽ磡
ľӣ΢΢һҲʶľ쳡
Ůӵ½ңֲòණ޽֮أ½ϾкܶͷЩһ֣绪ҲЩϹŶĶ֣ˣϴɱ뵥ӽΪµϣŹƶ׷ľ쳣
ɱ߶ʱʱҲһۣϴΣþһ񣬽ˣͶҷɱǵûãȻþԣҲûͶ
ЩԼ֮·ôϵһȣhʥɽľ쳣ϵ񣿡
һЦһŮӣһ
ȻûˣУҲ˵ܶǰˣŮӦ
ūעʥɽ磬Ӧʲôܣ̶
ٿȻתȥ
hǼǾֲӹ̣
ŮӣվԺ¥ɽԣ·κһУǶûκεĹ
ɽһƵɽ֮С
ȻһɽȣȻӰ
һΪ󷨽֮УϢھɽ֮С
ʥɽѾǿ߿ӣ֣ͱǰˣ
һɽ֮С
Ϸһģǿߣͷ΢Ѫɫۣһëͷǵ
ˣǵ꣬ɹ߾ԴҶ޹ǿߡ
Է˵ĸԳħ
ߣٴ̽ף½ɲô׶ԸԻԳħһҲ꣬סվǰʮǿ߻ӻ֡
ǣ
˲ò뿪ɽ
˵ôˣ
ҿɲҪȥԼǧǰķȥȡˣһŮˣȻѵֵˣ
ŸԷΪģδ
ķҲûھڣ
ԡϹƿʱһֱý
Ⱥ뿪ɽһ𣬱߱߰н


1393 ǻ㲻
ʥɽ磬յʥ֮ϡ
Щ̫꣬ˣķţǵˣץסһЩˣȫСϺףΪ˿ɽܰˣ
СϺףȻòõ鱨
Ǵڲ棬ڰЩҵȶɽ٣û뵽ɽв
٣ǾͶԸ٣֮Уһ붼̤ڣ඼Ϊ½磬ҲܵɽһѹƣʵѾ棡
ʥ֮С
ɾ̫ľҶҶԶĪȻˣۼһʥɽٵѾ֡
Ҳоһоͷڶʥɽ硣
ȴûбסšһŽڡڴѱԾԾԣҪͷ棬Уʥɳʯ
ҶһΪǳˣΨһӵҶѪ֮ˣʵҲﵽһ٣һɨˣҶԶͷǻ㲻Ҫվе̣Žһսʤǣȶڱչأиλٻȶ˼Ӧò뱩¶վ֮ƾֶ
壬ף
֮ʱȻһӰڰա
ȶҶҶԶϲӰ˶վ
֪ҰҲӦȷвڿɽ磬ҲУɽ붯ʱڣӷ칬½ԴЩ˾һ֣ȻһǻǾ׸һնѱȻǽһ׽
ǣϾҪչض
Ҷ˵꣬Ӱʧȥ
ȶ취ȻЩðգʧһгʤ壬ǣǰǣȻɽ磬ȫ£ѹΪɽã
ɣ
߬ȭͷͻڼ״̬
գۣʮȥ
Ժ֮УǶŮ֮ͤУԱ߹˵ˣѾ̽ʥɽҲǲ͸ǽ˴ԭʥɽһɲȻûжǿߣǸȴ٣ǲ֮ǰȡɽ磬ʥɽ磬֮У϶ɽ٣ƿһԶŵıԴɽر޾ձԴΪŻ
һЦݣ棺ɽ籾Դر˵ͨо޴Դһʱ䣬ôͻƣɽ糬һţһ֮ͬʱɽٵģҲˣʥɽȴʱʱ٣
һȺ½ˣ̫ż֪طâУ׳Լɳѡ񲻶ͻƣȴֻ
Ůҡҡͷһ̾ˮͫǿϧ
ȻҲ½Լ뾡취ͻ٣鹫ӡɱ棬ЩˣһţԽϹŶǲͻ٣Զһȣh֧𣿡ӴŰһ˿ʣ߷˵
ͿԱ߿˵Ůӡ
ŮȻһЦţҵȻ֧֣ǵ£ǷޣԶ֧㣬ȻҪԼ̫ѹ鹫ӡɱǶź̨֧֣㣬һɽУӵʵǿԼŬhԶһ룡
ܵõʥɽǷݱԴرбԴ֮ڵ֮ٲ
§סŮӣֱá
ūټ֣ʥɽΧסȴ֣ǲſԶ֣һʥɽʲôǿߣҲڳƿӿߣ

ɽ籾Դر
ɽ֮С
˵һ֮ء
ɽڣԳħͻȻվ𣬶ǰ֣Ϊ˷ܣٴʵģ
ˣϢȻģǴʥɽڲ©Ϣи֣Ϧ̤ڣ뿪ʥɽʥ֮󣬱ȵͬͲƶһͨϡﻩȫˣ
һ֣֣˵
һˣҲţɳʥɽΧʥɽѾ󷨣κ˳룬ƺҲԤΣ٣ҲȻʧ
ãɽ籾ԴرǱıΪκȲɽıԴñ׼ȻĽʥɽ磬ΣҪΪˣһͣ
ԳħЦɭɭսף뿪ɽ
ʥɽ硣
󷨽ƹӣʵʵ
˷߿գƯһɹΪ飬ʮˣֻϰˡ
һֻʮˣû˸ҿǡ
ƺͷ
ϸϸһƣʮˣɷΪڣ֮Уһˣ඾ߣƺܴʹ࣬ʱʱһѹŶͷŵĹϢ
ϴ󣬶ְɣ
ٲֻ֣칬֪ҡư϶ִ߶Ըǣ
֣һһ֪˫մѪ
֮ϣ֮
ʥɽķЩȥˣȺһ֪˭˴һӣһߣʥɽ硣
ߵˣɭɭǻưݺ޽֮ɽ꣬ɱ飬Ǵɱֿ֮ˣʥɽ֪֮򿪽磬رǻưʹȥ̤ɽ֣
ưڵһҪˣ
ǿߣ׷׶ʥɽ硣
ǡ
ʥɽû˿
Ȼʶ̧٣ƽ磡ưϴ󣬶ʱƱ
ಣ
ʮڵǿߣڵĴڣȻеߣһв࣬಻
һ֣ͬ߶ͨγһ֮ͨͬ޴󹭼ͻȻһ
䣡
ʥɽ磬ʱشҡ
ưﵹֶΡ
ԶһͨͷߣλīŮӡ
ˣŻưƶйڣưİɱаһһٸ֣˸պƶйϵˣƶѰһưһ˽غϣưܶӣ㿴ϵⶾǹƶµģ˭
Ůӷ·ʶӻư϶ߣٶ
Ǿ˼ˣưֻһҽСܴӹƶмһЩ͵ģǶ٣һ֣ĵ˵
ưȻ
ʥɽ磡
룬ҶҶԶɾ̫ľˣ棬ܻư﹥
ٸֻδ֡
ǿлǿ֣ȼʮغϣȻý綴Щǿߣ϶ɱ
ɽڵİգѾãǲκ⣬ֻɳأ󲿷ֶҪ𣡡
ÿ˺أϾôͷӣΪͷһأͷ档
ȥ˫¹꽣󡭡
Ȼ߳һŽҲߣ˿ˣȭλǾжһͷúɱһɱһЩ˵ķͷ
ǵѹѹƣ
ɾȻеĹǣϾô꣬һֱҶȣˣҲʩչͨĺûˣ
ߣ
󲿷·շȥ
ʥɽҲһδιλӰѾɽѿʼҡܸǴϢᣡ
ưƲƲЦţΧҲʼ


1394 ʥɽ
¡
ʥɽ⣬ͻأһɾĳ
Χ޴ը棬ڲΪˮͣǳգǳգۻһ
һ
ư𽥷鴦
ʮڸ֣ٴ֣һͷһٿһƿձʥɽĽϡ
̼䣬һʮɴֳ
ưʮ֣ˢˢʥɽ磬ɱڣ˾ɱһ
˻ư
߿ͻȻһٶǿߣڡڣлٸ֣һ𣬱Ѱ׳˶һĻˣͷſֲơ
Ƿ˵ĸԳħ
ˣƺǷˣǻȥȥ
ŷ˽ɱʥɽ硣
ǿҲ̲סûʲôɽɷԼͳͳΪӶߡɱ˷Żǿʥɽ֮С
ʮˣԦ콵١
Ůӡ
ЦǺǿʥɽ磺ˡǵһΪϹŶԳħΪƾ뱾Ӳ࣬ʵ뱾ӲڻưԳħ࣬ʥɽıǱӵģ
ǣ
Χ֣ʱһȺˣӵŮӣãҲʥɽ֮С
ô£
ոսʥɽ磬ȻŮӣͼ߿գһڡ꣬ȻɱʥɽĻư˵ǿߣɢɢǿߣԼˣȴʮ赲ڵա
Ů΢΢һҲΧ߿սЩ˶ᣬΪ䲻μ⣬һʵʮۺ񣬾ɽѹƶٲǾ޿ɱҶ
û뵽ҵĶ֡Ƕ٣
΢
ͻȻһʮͷꡣ
ͻȻ֣ΧˣܵһӰ졣
ҡҡͷ꣬ҲǰλӢˣڣ̫Сˣ
ҵȷСǾɽ磬ݺ޽֮أʥɽ磬ǶҪҲǸסңʥɽ确ĪȻ侲ݵ˵
ĪȻٴҡҡͷ㱣ŮǰȥԱ߼ڸ֣ɱĪȻ

ĪȻһڸְΧײȻﵽӲȡ
Ǹ֮ģĪȻһס㣬ڵ㣬̫Сˣ
ӵ΢΢һ͹ĪȻʵ¼ڸֽ棬˿ûţӦʮִݡ
ڣ
ǰӴŶʮˣƯڰյʥǷȥһѪ֮ǹȻ棬Բ˼ٶȣӡ
ÿٶȣ
ɱһ赲ߡ
Χ֣δӦȴѪӰ֮ǹѾӷƵʯɱ

ѪӰ֮ǹһ֮ǰٿȻӶ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣָպüסѪӰ֮ǹ
꣡
ָһУѪӰ֮ǹ̶ϿǰһҲ˳ٻ
ΪڣսȻﵽڵĸ߶ȣӵͫͻȻһɱ
ٻ
Ȼӿһһָٻüġ
ΪٻǱʵӣевŵˣϡ
ԣҪв
ĪȻȴͻȻͷһ񽣣֪ʲôط֣һպôӵֱϿ¡
ţ
˺һһǰֵĪȻŪĪٲͷֻһĪȻȻ£ɱѽѷ֡
ߵİŮӣΧ֣ܶҲĪȻŪЩĪ
ĪȻٻûʮԶһл⣬ٻͷȻӣʵǿòʩչͨڣʦµĴͨɱαϢ
֣Ҳֻ赲һʱ䡭
ĪȻУֳһ񽣣ƣڲͷţĪȻڣͷһЩڵ

ӣȴûĪȻٻֵ˼ǰţʵʵһࣺǣ
ಣ
Ǽڸ֣ʱɱĪȻٻ
ʥɽеֵֹĸо
ŮӣȻסӣ㿴ЩˣΪߣڡڣʵͨǶҲȲϣҾʥɽйŹ֡
ǺǣйŹֲ˼
Ӹǰ߿գڡأһе֮ˣһƯǳɳȻԳħһһ½֣·磬ЩţȷЩֻЩʲôԳħһ֣˭Ҳסķâ㿴ǻưһ·ɱǳǳ𣿡
֮ϣưڻư£Ҷ߿յʥǡ
ҶȻڣԳħǰǻСǲŽãʵδﵽǿ״̬˵ͷ֣պһĥ
ΪڣȻٿ
Զһ
ʮǿߣ𽥱һԽ籩ˡ
Խ籩Уǿʬ壬ǽۣ봦죬һֳһ˫¹꽣ϵش߶ΪȻɱڣһ·߸ͽ
һǿҪɱʥǣ
ͻȻǰһߣһڡڡǿߣֱʥǡ
Щˣֹǣ
ͷһӣһƬԽӣǰȥ
ಣ
˳ûԦӣȺ֡
ٺ٣缸Ǳȥ˵
һƬڷʥǡ
УȻмڸ֣С
սף
ΪԼ֪
һιâǰͻȻһԾٶȿþˣ޴צƺݺץȥ
¡
ץ飬ڸ֣ҲǱ
ӹ̫ľķ̫ˣǶڣǡҲ֮ǰŽڣϣǲҪʧ
һ꣬ڷɣ˲ֳ
̫ľ
ǼԸһͬΪڣСӣԼǣڸ֣һӵϡ
̫ľչϹ˲䱻һΧνΧ֡
ʥɳǣЩˣ޷ֹԳħưĽŲ
Ůӣֻʣʮ֣ѳɹգʥǣֻаԶ
κˣ̤ʥһ
һϢ޵ˣͻȻ˫ֱ󣬴εķ߳
Ҷ棬㱲̫ߣ֣
һս׵Ŀ߳
ʥʵǿǰһһŮǶٵĴڣȿţҲУٳְæҲ٣
Ϣ޵ˣҶ𾴡ʥɽ磬ҶԶһ𾴵ĴڣҶ
и̣ˣһҲˣҪĵ㣡ʥ֪ҶĵλҶԶ˶صĴڡ
ҶһۣȥʲôǿߣոսΪȻϢޣΧ̫ˡ
Щ֪νļһ
Щͷһ·ϱ赲
ˣ
ū֪ӵĿ£գգۣǼڸ֣ʱɳֱɱҶʥ


1395 һָ

ʥ֮¡
ɳļ֣ʱӶ˫ȭھҶʥײһ
ˣȻܿס
ಣ
ʥΪȻҲڣҶ֮˳ȥûʲô󰭡
Ҷ
һ˳סڵ
û˰֡
ǿǿû뵽ͬΪΪԷһˣ֮¡

ͻȻǸū۷ΪͻȻһһ㣬˸ǿ˫ƳһͬҶ

һƶָҵײ
Ҷ˺һ֣Ȼ𵭵΢ЦǰڣΪںһȻȲһ٣ҲӵгԽ˵Ŀ
ūҶǸ侲ЦݣȻŭٴαǰ֣ͬҲͷų۷Цʲôͷ
ͷÿûǸֶΣͬΪڣҾǿҶסӰһԣȻ˫ͫ
һֱͨ״̬Կڡ
ԭߣֲ˴Բѣҵ䲻ߣҲնɱߣҲŵȣΪһߣ˴ڣ
ɱ
Ҷ𽥱仯ūʲô˲䣬ǿߣγĽǣҶΧһͬʱͷͬĸҶѹ
Ǳɱ֮С
ȭ
һɻԣĸҪҶҳ֮ʡ
ͻͻͻ
һȭâҶ˫һѹĸϣմĹɶĿȭӡ

ԶһеӣȻҶʩչȭһ

ʣɽ֮Ужˣӵ
ȻĲƪǻУںϵȴõı
h½磬ˣûаװһˣȻơӦ޷ֵزˣѹӴһЦݣߵİŮӡ
ȷѵõĻᣡŮӣ˲ϢԶսȭӡѾĸɳɽӵһſ޽֮أţ޽֮ض֪꣬ӵľͷɽ磬֮٣ţҲδʲôħڻһЩţ

ӵһЦ쿴񷣺鹫ӣҡѪ乫ӡһ̤٣ܵв
Ѫ乫ӣ޽֮һĸ֣ɱĴڡ
ܣ㡭
ڣȭԵͨȫѹɵ޷Ӧ
һУˡ
£
ӡѪ乫ӡٿȻ֣֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳ˺󷽣˫֣ݣһӢ
ǣˣ
Ĵ˵ĸ֣ò롣
Ҷʱ΢΢Թ⻷Ѫ乫ӣٸ֡Ǻǣܺãһδپͷ֡
Ѫ乫įֵЦݣʥɽ絹ԻȣӵĴڣ̫ϧˣΪ̫ôǱӶ᣿ʵʵΪȫҵĶֻ֣ҪʵұŹ㣡
㣿㵹ǲļֵ벻ôܰװ׹ˣսɣ٣
ҶٴͷԣһΣ֮ǰǿʢ
ڣʵʹﵽһ٣Ҫٹؿڡ죬Ѫ乫ӣΣҲҪõ
Ȼ㲻ʵǾ͵°ɣ
Ѫ乫ٿȻһΧռ䣬һֱϢ
򣿡
ȻڰϢҶڿռ䣬һɹѪѪ乫ָ֣ҶһץѪ뺮ռ䣬ȻҶ£
޴ӣΪ˿ռ䡢ƿ˿ռ䡣
ǿߵƿء֮
̷
Ҷ˫һ֣һԶݼףһ죬ܷѹȣ˲ϢͰҶ
䣡
ռ䣬Ѫͳͳײڶݼ׷֮ϡ
ݼ׷ֳһľˡ
꣡
ԶݼףϧҶΪ̫ڷ֮£߶Ѿ˼ĵزԶݼ׳һѷ죬ϾҪռ䣬ѹ顣
Žޣ
Σһ̡
Ҷʹһ⣬Ȼһˡ
һԽӲӳޣʮɣ֮ϣֳʮ֧ޣǰϸϸҶĵޣǰǾޡ
ƣ
˲䶶֡
ͬ߷ѷ죬뽣ޣ˲

Ҷԣͷս޲ʤƣѸײڶ֮ƣΧռ俪ʼζѪֱ֮ӱ޵顣
ǣռ䲢δʧ
ŽޣصǿʢһԳ桢Ʒʵľһһ̫ˣ
Ѫ乫ӷױȵǿЦݣһΣһֻ֣ͬʱӡ
ͣ
ٴѪ֮ľˡ
ҶӶŽޣȻ޷ݻܼѪ̴ҶԶݼףĸ첲ȡ
壬˻ĿǰΪףһ٣ڴ֮ϣѪ乫ӣ޽֮һ֣һĶǿߣ
Ѵǽ˵ҶȻս
ʱߣһӰ
ȶüӰѾУڷ磬һǸϹͷɽ磬Ҳһ
ҶӰʱһԶݼױ£ӶŽޣɨһƬѪȻѪ乫ӷռУɹ
߲ˣΪҽ֣ǿԴҿ⣡Ѫ乫ӵһЦ̷Ҷ
ಣ
ͻȻʮӰҶǰֳ
ġͭƻ״ۡǧơ۵ʮ٣뱦֮ϵˣϢѪ乫ǰ
ˣȥؽ磬٣ҲӲȥ
ͭƻ֣ǧƣҶȹ񣬽һͷ֮ϡ
Ѫ乫ͻȻһ裬һɨֵһİͻȻȻ󾪺ô٣
Ѫ乫ӣ޽֮Уһеٮٮߣɱƶͬе֮ӣ
뱦֮ϵҶȣƽеظѪ乫ӣȻ꣬μɱ龰
֤ͬ֡
ǰѪ乫ӣʱ۳ƹӻ⽻һаڡ
˭Ѫ乫⿴Ҷȡն졢ˣȻ֣Χٸ֣Ϊֻˣڱϡ
ֻһָͷܿסұŹ㣬ƽɱʥɽΣ
ҶȻصѪ乫ӣʳָ
Ѫ乫Ȼɵǰôٸ֣ȴһСҶŵСӣԲѣŲڣȻ֪ӣǾ͸֪ҵ
һԵĳħͻȻаͬҰɭɭЦϴһָðһֱˣ
Ѫ乫ӣɱƶپ˹ϵķϣֻһָ׼ˣ
ҶûƣѪ乫ţɵԺҪмҪնɱ
£ǱӸԸȥѪ乫ӣ׼һ˿ŭ


1396 նʤư
һָ
Ѫ乫ӣ޽֮֮Уݺĸ֣ǵɵ磬һУ˽֪
ȴӣȻŭɶ
ȥ
ڱ֮ϵҶȣԵɽ磬ֿȵǿߣׯϱģ޵УƵѪ乫ӣʳָ
˲䣬Χٸ֣ҲĿ⣬˹ȥ
ӣСģ
ǰŮӣʮڸֱ֪Ѫ乫ԷͻȻðôǿߣҲɵ
ߣ
Ѫ乫ŭȼգǰҶȡն졢ƣжٸ֣һƿһеƣƺԼӣǶ裬Ͼ˺ù
ಣ
һָͻȻƿն
Ѫ乫Ӵ󾪣˫һƣ֮ж۷γɾ޴Ϲָͨײȥ
¡
ָڶ£Ƕô
֣Ρɽȴò˵࣬Ƶ
ָԾƣƶȻѪ乫ӵ
ܣܡ
Ѫ乫һ԰ףǰپһƴɲװװתʩչռָͨ
ȥķռ䣬Ǹܣ޷˦ָָ𽥽ӽŴһ̣˱ָüĴ
һָ̣ûе£Ѫ乫üģôȻᱻնɱ
ΪǰŮӣͻȻԼָ֮һУƴץȥ

ռͻȻֹ
ָѪ乫ӡŮӣͳͳָֹٿȻʧֹռʧŮӾϲ˽Ѫ乫ӻ֮С
Ҷȶڱ֮ϣͫûһ˿мҪ֮Ѫ乫ӣʵѾǿȹƶҪǿһ֣ɱ㻹кܴ룬˵鹫ӣʱҼþֵĳ٣ʵɣҪΪǿߣÿȥУ鹫ӵǿ󣬱޷ӵеġҪԼȥУ
㾿˭һУδŹȸ֣
Ѫ乫ŮӣعסŮӣҶ¶һݾ⡣
ʥɽ粻ǰռɽ磬ǶľӣȥˣʲôˡֶӣҶȣʥɽ֮£ϣ㲻Ҫ˵뿪ɣ
ҶͻȻӶ֣һ

Ѫ乫Ůӣмʮ£ͳͳʧ
ŮӡӵɳɽϢˮŹϵɳɽĵӣɳɽŮӣǲӽΪϣ֮γһ֮£
Ҷ΢΢һ
նʵֵܣȶԸˣǻư
ˡͷСǸԳħǰҪһ
˽ڵȴҶȵĻشҶȿǰһƬս߿գЦȶԸưǽһɣѾɾѹκٸ֣ٴߣѹ
ߣ
ơնͬʱһ
֣޷ѹסƾҲδѹ޷ݡ
һԵĻģۣɫĮƺѾ֪ƾʵѾͲҶ˵Ķ֣˵Ҷȣ޷Ը
ϡʵͻ֮
ڼʶˡ
Ҷ̴߶һٸ֣ۣȥѻưΧס
ǣ
һͲˣٶ˼顣
ҶȻٸ֣ҷư
ɱɱˣѲ
ư뼸£룬Χ£սѷ֣̲ס֡
ٸ֣ȴɾһˣԱһƬա
ಣ
ȻʥɽһǿߣͻȻˣս
ɱʥǣ
ưһ£ջϣʮʥɽְߣζжɪˡ
ֻǣӰΧ
ٸ֣
ưͻȻüž
ưƺϵʥɽи򣬹ʴˣ֣δپ㵣ʥɽĸ֣
ˣ
۲δưһۣתӭһƬӰ١
ưԱһٸ֣ٶӰŪǾ㵣⡭ôٸ֣
նƵЦڰ𣺡ֵܣδ֣
ãã
ǰԸԳħ
ҶƵҲ
ʱҶĵһһƯֶ
ಣ
ն˲һɶ𣬲ӻưʣ༸ʮ֣Ŀֱڻưһٸϣһָˣһϣһϣ
һ٣˿
ưƺɱ¾ɱ˵ͬҳ㷹һ˿죬һٸֵͷȥ
ǣ֣

նͻȻһЦһЩĪĵơ
ɱ
һٸ֣ɲʲôץסᣬǾҪȡµ˵ͷ­Ѹײڶ֮ƣһն칥ȥ
֮
նͻȻץƣֳɱһ٣հƣѹʱ
ͻȻƿ̤һץһγɵľ޵Ӷ޵ơ
ٿ
ƴһѹУһ϶ȻƣͿˣǺеĿռ䣬һͬѷ졣

ʲô
Եŵһٸֻ֣ķݣǸոڵĿռ䣬֮ơ
ͣ
Ʋѣռһٸϣ˴Ϊ⡣
ء
ƺڵȴᣬһٸ֣Ϊһ£һ׷
ն˲ɱ֣ûжٵ⣬ЦݣؿưֵˣʵǿԣҲǿһУܣ
ҶͻȻսһ磬עɱдˣɱ˾ǽѣҪƳɿܣԶʥɽ磡
սƣ
նΧͻȻֲһȦȦڷڵơ
ǡ˵Уѹʵڵɽͨ
ģΪϹŶһ۾Ƴնͨĳ
ԭǵڵ
ٸֹ֣֪ǵˣԱ꣬Ҳв֮
ȻҾ·
ưץһ񽣣߶ٽ۷߶񽣣ʼ
·޷Ԧ
ƣ
ưͻȻӶ񽣣мƣ޼᲻ݵΪƬ񽣣ն졣
ޱߣ
նͻأץһ޴ĵƣʱٵصһ

һʱ䣬ǿֳͨ
ƣռ䣬һһưѹȥ
¡
ڻư£ѵȻס񽣾Ȼ޷ϵƣȻ˫ͫͻȻΪΧĵƣ˲Χ£
¡
ķ˲׹ơ
ƣ񽣵Ӳȣ
ħЦϴ󣬵ڵͨȻ򵥣ǵʮָӣӲȣԽ
ײ
ҶĬЦ¡
˫һץưＸʮ֣˲Ļưͳͳǿƿ߿֮У˿޷


1397 ѹԳħ
Ը⳼Ը뿪
ʮˣվͬһռ֮С
ưĳԱĸɱĴڡ
ˣ֪־壬ʹ
նǿ󣬴ܻưҶ˲ϢͰƿأǾͷͨǳŵûɢһ㣬ġ
ϧˣˣŹǣǾҵɱ˶ˣ˫մѪӽԺǱʥɽĿػߣ
Ҷֵ˵棬һץһԣٿռ֮С
˵һ
ˣգ۱壬ľͷˡ
ȻѪȻģڳǵԪԼĽ𵤡
ǺεȵֶΡ
վҶΧĶٸ֣ͳͳһ֪ҶȵĿ£˲䣬ͰôһӵľǶԵˣпĥ
ۡ״ԼˣĶĿɿڴһ޺£ϯǵ񾭡
ǻģҲ֪Ҷ˵ֶΣʱȻҲãΪܣһУ˰װ׶ȡ³
ˣ

Ҷپ£߶ײ׶񣬾Ͱôˣһٸ֣Ϊ׵Ŀܡ
ǣͳͳҶȹ¡
Ӵʥɽ磬ڣɱҲ޷ǣҿԳȥǾУ
Ҷһ֣һƬ׿ܣѸݷʥɽ֮С
㿴ûǿߣưﾹȻ̾ͱˣ
Ū˴ĶҶȶԸѪ乫ӣ޷ע⣬ն뻢ưսԼҶȵ׿ܣ󲿷ɱʥɽǿ۵ס
ˣ
һȺѾѻȸǰ졢ĪȻٻҶҶˣһˣǿɱʥǵĲ
Գħһֱûз
ʱʥɳʮ֣γһİΧȦΧˣСǿߡ
Ȼǻư˲Ϣ𣬴ǵĿ־塣
Գħ
һƬӰ
Ҷȡն졢ħڱ֮ϣҶĿ⣬ֱԳħϣԳħҲһһɨÿˣɫһ䣬ʱͫû˿ɡ
׵գҶȶԳħһ㲢İȻ㲢ʶң֮Ը㣬ΪϣӵҪһ꣬Ƿõ
ô֪Գħһʡ
Ϊ㵱½磬ѰʱҾڰһһϧʱңһָͷǶֻ֣㣬õضȥڡ
㲻⣡
ٺ٣㲻νȻΪܣΣ
ħһΪˬȻϴӣˡ벻ˡ
Գħǰһһأپͷ֪޷ȫ뿪һϽ͵ʵҵķ½磬ȷΪҲ˳õǣڰ;Ȼһ֣޷ֻܰ
һ֣ġҶЩš
ԳħͨǷ˵ĸ˭̫ͷ϶
һŮˣһŮӡһħħ㲻ţˣıںϣ̤٣ԳħһЦ
ٺ٣㣬ҿһ
ħ𻺻ɳһĥļӣ䣺Գħ⸱ǣǰ㣬˭
һһСӣںߣ
ˢ
ԳħðɣǷ˵ˣ֮ǰҶǰһƬʵش𣬻ǹ˼Χ֡
ڣĵѾħ̤ٹ˼ʲôԷˣ˴£˲ܲܡ
ʿǿԳħүѵӣħͻȻթЦЦۻ硣
ߣ
ԳħŭֱӲһȭźȥ
ʯ䣡

ԳħȭȳȭͷһǣƴȴգСĳħ𣬸ס
ͣ
Գħһɨȱ
һȷƣɨΧռѷ졣
ٺ٣ˣȻǵıǮүүҲţ
ħѵô飬ٶáˡһС
ԭһߡ

˽ŶԽţײһײ֮ӶĪȻЩڡڣ޷վȡ
ɼ˹ﵽ۷塣
ħƣ
Գħû뵽ƣ࣬Ȼ֮ϣȫ
ʱһŭƺΧΧ֮ˣڳЦ
ݺſ˫ƣһƽһƣֱħͷȥ
ٺ٣
ħһЦȻ˫ȭԾƣһȭһȭƣտʼӲӲ֮ٴӡ
ھͷǰȷС
ʥɽˣż֮սѪȣĶǣӿͷ֪֮࣬·жôңԶ

ǿߵս֣ڿռȫǻʥɳǣһδףڱըһ
ɱǿˣԭʥɽɲ⣬Цǻ⣬ҧһڣʳ
ǳΪ˴׵ĸ
ɶ񡭡
Գħƣһֱǽⲫȭȭ⣬ǿ볬ͬ
֮ƣ
ڣԳħͨˡ
Լ츳ѹƲ˳һСС࣬ͻȻ˺ɣʼڣһνһΣȻΪƣһһɾƣɾ޴󣬷·о綾
£Ͱѿռͳͳʴ
ѽ
һЦָһһɹȼյĺУΪͷһ㣬žƣһͷȥ
¡
ԳħƣգѣǱͷһͱ֧飬Գħģ۵ͷ󺹣һͷƣһͬ٣γһ֮ǰֲʮľơ
ʥɽ磬΢΢
е˼үǰһжſ£
ħֱץһɫͷɣƣʱһ
䣡
ƾͱһȻħžһȭͷھ֮ϣ޴ƣ顣

ԳħòϺˡ
񱩣
ԳħͻȻͷųһȼյ𣬻棬ȫ˫ͫһԻ˫ۡ
츳
ħȻ̧ͷһ
ΪʱԳħڲϵ󣬳Ϊһˣ޴Ƥϣɽһˡ
ͨȷ޷󣡡
ڳˣĸԳħ仯顣
ǻģһ𳬼ǿߣҲľ޴죬ԳħﵽΪٿ񱩵ĻҲԵֵ
໡
޴󻯵Գħðɣֱ̧ҽţһɽħ¡
ʲô
ħͻȻԣһɹͷŶ
꣡
ٶȳԳħסţֻһԳħ޴壬Ȼȥ
¡
һɽˡ
˵һǷ࡭ٺ٣
ħԳħϷ˫ȭӡһͨԳħ̺һȭȭԳħϡ
Գħ츳ͨȻǳʵԶԶԽϳ޷ʱӦ֪
䣡
һȭȭȭȭ⣬ϡﻩԳħϣħָħԣаЦݣû˿ͣ˼ԳħֱС
Ȼ޴𽥿ʼС


1398 ˵
ٺ٣˵Ҫ㣬㻹ĵ
ƲħŵأȻһȭһţڡԳħϣԶȺ֣˭Ҷ֣
ǿߣҶ࿴ħһۡ
ʥɽˣ඼¶ԳħɵĿ⡣
ʵȫѹԳħ
Ҷȴֲ֣ת״뼸֣ϴ˰дˣԼɽ֮Щ֮ˣһץɱȹɽ糹ȶ֮ٷǳΪɽЧ
ǣ
ٸֱ̳ķ֣֡û˸ҷҲʵʵ
û
ħһᣬͰֻʣסȫ˺۵Գħڰա
ԳħĻش𣬳ԳħĿ־塣
ֱӰԳħһף¡һҶǰ߿գ÷˵ĸݺһһ࣬ϲš
˵ģҶš
Գħǰ޷ľͷȻ֥ͬС
ԳħһͣҶţǸŮӣȻˣֻںԸӦκγ
ֻǵ˾ǰǿֽ񡭡
µаͬԽɲԱģǵʵҲΪ档
ʱΧ˶һһȥעʥɽ
Ʒն졢ġҶȼΧһ𣺡ϴԳħȷЩΪʵѾﵽ۷壬츳ͨнٵңһˣȻ֣ɱˣȷЩϧ
Գħ
⵹ǷҶȴ㣬ԳħǷ칬ĴڣʵͬһӪɱ㣬ԭģҷ˵һУ
㡭㵽˭
ԳħҡͷԣƺһƬʣĿȻڣҷʲô
ž
һƣʯ䣬Ͱٴĵڵء
ħջ֣ݺӵģϴ㣬㻹ɪʲôϴˣˣΪܣһ֪һУΪã
ҲԡҶȵͷ
ң˵
Գħһ֣ܶŵñһưΪܣʱͷɥ³ʵڰɼϽʮ𸱹ٵĴڣ󲿷Ƕ٣Щ٣ӵʮˣ󲿷ڳͷ֮ڣġ
˵һʵ
һ㵡
ն쿴Ҷһ̾üͷмأȻȲϵڣȷɵ磬һ
Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣һɨˣ˶˼⣬ֿԳħʲôٶ
Գħû˰ƢԣһƳԱߵĳƣ治뵱ô˵棬Ƴʹһ٣ɳָ½ңǿߣӶָ޽֮أ£ĸ֣統ˡͥȲٷǿߣγɷˣȻշ˻ȡ칬λã֮䣬ĸ໥ãթ
ǿкηֱ𣿡
ǾһȺǿȴΪƷ칬칬ռݹѹˣǲƷԶҪıϢ
˵ĵǹûʣԳħҲɱ㣬°ߣӴˣΪãҷڷ˵ӣˣƱػõģƾЩϺҲƷ칬Ը⳼
ҶȳرʵĿ磬Χÿ˶ܸоҶȵĺԳħ˵һ֣̼ͻΪܡ
Ը⳼
ǿߣʱƣԳħͶҶȴͷ
ԼģԪӣ
Ҷ˫һϣʮָԷӡγʮԪӡӣһһԳħз˳Ա
ȥɣʱȴҵٷǷʲô󶯾ҲҪʱңҶȳԳħӻ֡
ûƵģһԴɳʥɽ硣
壬ŽޣҴϹսʱУõҪӾԣںϣ
ҶһһȥģҲ֤ǵŬҶҶȼһγ֡
Ȼʮ߲㣬ʥ֮С
ڹ֮ǰնȴסҶȣֵܣȻ֮Ѿò࣬Ҿ͵ٻؾŵʮ򣬻ع鵶ڣϾڳҪ򣡡
ڵȷкܶ鷳£ƾԼͼìЩ뿪ڵͽòԤǣͻȻǣԸڣȥɣƣأҶȵͷֿħ
ЦǺǵĵҵնȥڣȻ붫ͷһˣ߾϶ѾټһЩĳԱعˣȻʲôõɴ۴Уûȥ¶¶棬Ҳ׼ͻƶ٣ϴôԴٲ⣬һҵʵܴﵽ۷壬ն֣ҲһҪͻƶ٣
Ǻãһ·СģҶ֪ǶԼҪ죬㲻ˣĿ뿪ʥɽ硣
빬
ֻʣ»뼸ٸ֡
ģڵɵ磬Σʮְʥɽ仯𶯡
Ҷȿģʥɽ磬˳ն죬ֻӵϹŶļʶ벻
·ͫˮתӦ
ҶЩţû뵽һڣôֱӣˣŪЩΡ
칬Ϲͥһħʥɽ
ܼձ෴ˣپͷϹŶĻܷ֮
ǲЩϾʵвɵ͹İԼһЩϹŶ˵Ҳһ֮ʵʥɽ磬ûаԶŲλã
Ӧ˵˹ȵȵķߣǺķߣʥɽںأ
ǺǣһЩߣĸĸ˹˭֪ķṦΰϧһԵ칬֮£ܵõ֧֣Ǿ˵ˣ
ͻư񣬿аˣҶȲ˻⡣
һ㶣Цˣһʱ䣬֮õôԴұûеϣȼаճΪ񣬷İɣڣʥɽΪһҲɽ磡
͵仰Ҵȥһħڣܼɣʱ䣬µԴУʥɽ磬ŲٸӶᣬʲôͻ£һڶʱģ
ף
ҶȽվѴȥ˶㣬пգҲǣָͻУҪ𣿡
ҲУһҵһ㶣ƺ֪Ҷкܶ
Ҫʲôңһõ
ԿԪ񣬻˹
ʮҴ֮Ԩõ磬Ϊֻ࣬аҲָλ

Ҷ̯ʮ˫¹꽣㲻˲Ϣͳڻǰ
лˣ
Ա߼ٸ֣뼤˷С
ȻѡҶȣı
ˣ
ǼѡȻ֮ϿһˣʧҡҡͷҲ˿


1399 ħ֮
ħ
ɽĴ֮һʵԶа̡ǿͥ⡣
ħ֮㣬ռɽӵһֱħȡɽħڡħڼµħȻиĴС
ħˣˣ
ȻĳƺУȴħڰϢ֮ϣ·Ҳһħ棬ڲϷУ߿ա
Ҷȴǳâ߳ǰƵ޽֮أħΧ
ħȴ½ͻ᪽Ϲơ̫棬ԺǱħ֮ڣôһֱδٷӦûҵ˵䣬Ͼħһ𣬾һ޷ӽ
þ˼һҶԺ꣬ħȴ½֮á
ãһٷħͷŶȥ
ҶΪҪӦͻڣҲһ£ؼħ̫ȻҲаڣڰǰҶȵ÷ǳС
ħҶ˽ҲƬ棬ħУҸطȴһʱƻ
ЩǳأȻҲˣ
֮ҶȿʼӴħʿ磬·ǳأĳǳʱȴּǳأΪ˷档
Ϣ
֮⣬ҶͷŸӦڷ֮գоһаϢڷ֮С
Ȼ֮ңӰҲӰħ˵塢а̣޷֮ҡ
ҶȼǰУʱʱܼΪĳǳء
ħ磬磬ܵӰ죬ϾĪħ磬а飬˿ѡħа֣
㷢д
鱾аħѪŸаѪ
ţ
ַգҶһֱδõͻٷǣȻĸӦͻȻȻһͣҷ
һħͻأ䣬ҶȵĸӦ֮У
ħѰҡħ桯Ϣķռ飬֮ٻָ߸ħȻħһѪȷ磬ҪģӵϹһԸӦԪڤڤ֮УǣԪֱնɱԪԪ񣡡
ǣ
ɢ˷ңԶ֮УħڻӦ
һʳơնɱԪ
ҶЦݣҪ£ģˣģԣҪΪѰҪһ
û뵽ھôˡ
Īһʣ֮򵥰ɣ񡭡ǵõȻֶһ
ͻ᪵ٷʱҵäĿȴ˲䣬ħնɱõһУ
ҶһЦתͿʼͷǿĸӦ
ǰԶǱżħǿϢΪȻһ٣֮ǰǷħǿʼ뿪ݷ֮أɳ߿ա
ಣ
߶ԪҶٵٶȣ˲ưٶȣһһƬɫɳĮ֮ϡ
ǰȻˣصϢǼΪҶΪȻ״̬޷ӦǴڡ
ҶĵظϿգ˿δʲôԾĵط
Ѱһǳأϧһֽɽ֮УѰһ֮أϧûз֡ħ桱ټ

һؽڡ
ˣһѰգǸоζۼһóɱһͷħޣտȾơ
һ̾ϢħƷӡնɱԪϣӳħ磬ΣһķѰ飬顭˰꣬һֱûϢ
û취˭ħǿ󣬶ָǶһɱ¾ɽ籾ʹڶ֮УħħɹĻǾͲˣ
ʵҲΣգǿ֪ħ浱ǰݺϹħ꣬ҵħ磬ԼưԣǼħ֣ľ޴󣬲նɱѹϹħͻˣ
Ǻǿһħ棬Ǿ군ˣ
ֺƾƣš
ֹ򣡡
ͻȻǰһֻ֡
ãһΪ֣ʼӱܡ
ǣڵĿռ䣬ģ޷ƶһ¡
ͷһɹʱҶֳӿǵԪ֮С
ǳ
ӿԪӡ̾ѹ˵Ԫȫû˿Կ֮
֣Լ³ʵ֪ǰħķϹŶǡħڡӣǰһ棡
ħڣ
ҶȺڶ£ǰˣħħһħȡħڡɽħ֮£
ǣǣǣ
˶ʱ˿ƺԵвѹࡣ
ڸչأţżȻѰʲôħ棿ʵ𽻴һҶɭɭԴܲɣ˵
ǣ
һ߳һħڵħ԰֮Уѹ࣬ħǿͽеնɱеڣǰãһˣȻǿǱħ԰ϸԪһǿħ棬԰о˳Ȼħ棬ʼħ磬ħˣɽ籬֮ңֿʼа顣
ҵħϢնɱˣһȻϸԪ㣬ƻħ
һּ˵
ԭˣֲħʦڣҶȹͷʼ˼
ֹħڣħȡħڡɽħڣɳ֣ܶһͬѰħ棬ѹ
Ŷɽħڣ
Ҷ⿴˵ˡ
ŵֱĳҶɽħкܴϵǵģǰɽħҲɳ֣Īǰɽħڣ
ֻǰйһɽħһ֣й棬̹ǵľѧ֡һ޴ħɽͨ
Ҷȹ˵
Ժȴָ֣Ǹ޷ǵһĻ
ɽֻۣһ񣬾ȻգصĴһΣ㶪С
ˣȻʱʱ̶̿ɽħڼС
裬ٶҲľϹŶʵ
ɽۡû뵽Ҳ̤ħڣɽħξͲҪĺ㵱ζԸңȻҪһһ
ʣɽһֱҶеʹҲϣһҪĨȥ谭ĵģӡɽһش
ǰŹǰɣǰħϵɽħħڣϵһֱܺãּҶڳĬʼֻ
ҶȷǰɣҲħˣһϹŶңܶˣȻħѣȻҪվǶԸħ棬ֻǱ𣬲Ҫ֪ҵĴڣҾǰ
ǣǣ̫ˣ
֣ʱĿʼˣǾħ棬ǰһͻȻðϹŶ
õţҶȱ㿪ʼʵˣħڲħڹߣһŮӣһΣйһθӦŮΪǿ֪ħڣʲô
һʣסˡ
һˣͻȻٵطӦؼ˵Īǰ˵ǣǰøոճΪʥĸشڣ
ʥĸҶЩ㵣ֻǳһʣǻ᲻֪˵䣬û뵽ջ񲻳ɣ
ǰãħٿҪᣬ̶ħڣҪһŮΪħħδȷͳħڵˣȴΪʥĸ빫ߵķǳǰ֮ˣǴˣ


1400 ǿħ
ǣǣʥĸ
֣ҵ廰ᣬͷ
ҶȰסϲգ˵ġʥĸˡ
ͣһᣬ·𶳽һ㣺ħΪҪһŮΪ˽ϹŶδй⵹һϡ飡
һֵǾûʸ֪ħҪһµҲ£ħвٵŮʿȻҪһţΪǵĵǰҲ֪ħڣŮ˫ޣ̫£ֻ˫֮£չ֮ϣͻγһ谭ħҲԼɽ磬ħ
ʥĸʲôһ³ΪʥĸȻħǸҶȴһĺʵ
治˽Ϊһѿ
ǺãҲͲΪǣǺǵģعܱ𣡡Ҷ̱ۣͬʯ

ڷĸٳԺȣʵʵشŲ
˼졣
ֿʼѰħ棬Ҷиһ棬Ҳڵȴͻ᪵ٷٷٳδ⡣
ˣ
һ֮
ɽУеħڸ֣ͻȻ壬һ
̴߶壬һʱ̿߿գǰ̫ˣħڵˣڷħټͨħȥɱħ棡
ţߣ
Ҷ޵شһˡ
ಡ
ǰȥ
Ҷһֱڸ߿գˣа죬ԽƬһƬһ޼ʵĺɫʵĴС
Ƭ֮ϣҶĿӣԼͬħ֣˷ƼҲħڵĵӡ
˷ǰħڻϣеõҶȶİ࣬ʮˣħɫʴ
һӴĻɽȺȺںɫʴ롣
ɽϻζһɹҽǧħ֣ΧΧԽԽ࣬Ϊڵڣٲȡ
Ҷȷһٸ֣֮࣬лмʮٸ֣ںһһӴ
Ƭɽ֮£һɳԴϢһǿаĪħ棬ȻںƬɽԴ
߿գҶûһ£·ɽӦУһӴȻûеߵϢ죬ҲﵽԽٵĸ߶ȣ񣬶Ϣڲϵ׳
¡
ͻȻǧˣʼϹһţһγɹӪһħɽȺ֮С
ͣ
ɽڣʼӾ˵ҽΧɽ壬ϵغ飬ϡ£ȫǿֲħ
ɽҡҡ׹ɽڣʼ飬Ǳ
ˣħҲûֵ׼ܿ죬һƬɽȻΪƽأǻڹ㱻Ʒ¶ʯ㣬ʯҲһ澹Ȼмĵҽض
ӵĵض֮УԼҽڲӿ
ҵħǣɲүүķܹƣǼϺзʲô
һ˻ơŲѵӵĵضɢ
ħ棡
һʱһں
ˣǵĹøӾˣ޴󣬲ϻ롢ӿĵض֮УһƬ¡𶯣·дضһ㣬ʵҲˣ޴ѷ죬Ǿ棬Ѻۡ
ȷһ޴ķȻﵽٸ߶ȡҶʶħͷֶΣô˼һĹҲ١
ǡȫ޷ҡĵض
ţһ㣬ʯڹ£Ϊֳһ޴Ļ󷨡
ǿˣ
ĺȻҶȿ󷽡
ʮħǿϢԾʮپͷһΪʮֲֿ
ϣ
ħȡɽħڡħڡħڵĵӣ׷ʮ֣ʩ
ĸˡɣķΪǶ裬󷨣ʸ뱾潻֣
ȻħЦ𺳵ա
ƣ
ʮٸ֣̻֣е˺
ǰΧ޴󷨣һٵ׹䣬һ׹ڻ֮ϡ

ɲǼ䣬ط·Ҫˡ
󶯵ϱըâʱǿʢʱ΢֮ʮٸá
䣡
ϴιʮȫһ
飬Ҳ֮С
Ȼ󷨳һ޴Ķڡ
ɱ
ٸð麹һӣԴǧħ֣ɱ綴֮С
ǰһ֮
ҶȶߣƷǿߵ
˼ħǿ󣬸պսĶ󣬲ҵøıòϢħݣħ棡
˼ϸҶȣ̻ûģңո߿ǿʢħγԹףȻϢħΪһģͨˣϢħַ֮ڡ
ÿֲħ𡭡
ڡ
ȫ硣
ħ棬ܲգɱڡڣ׷׵رסһپͷж⣬ǧħ֣˵ħ֮С
ãЩħ棬֮ħۺ񣡡
ҶȲżɱ룬ѾӦһµһٸֽ֣Ըħ棬Ӧòô֣л֧Ԯ
ʼħ棬Ȼ𽥿롣
һħ̨Ư룬Ϸվһ׷ꡣ
ߣҲˣһ׷꣬޳գЩ˵ǹһҲš
ǿȴ̺˿µ
ʣ׷꣬ǿײеħ档
׷ħЩ˹֮Цݣȴëһˣ̨ںϣȻһʮٸ濹⡣
ˣħѳɹϿ֪ͨ
ٸ֣ˣ٣ǰİ׷꣬Ȼһİ
Ѿ󲿷˵Ĵڡ
ڲ֪Ѹ̫ˣûлָһ룬㹻˵ԪǱ棬ָЩϽл
׷ħһЦ
ͻȻͼĻ󶴿ڣȫա
мˣ
ˣȻ
Ϲţħ磬ѪȷĴڣ˺öԸ
Ȼܡ
һħ棬˿ħ磬˲һһԪһ߻ָһħֽ棬ϹŵǿߣҶ㣬һİ
˳ͷþǰ׷ħ棬ҲʽӴһ
ħҪһйŴ򹷣Ҿһнƾͼƣ󱣻ڲⲿǿ߲֪պҿͨ׷棬ٺ١
ҶѾоһɿµԪԼж
ԪǶôӴ
һɨΧˣǧˣֻʣһǧˣ˿ʼԪ񣬶Կ׷ħͷŵ
ᣡ
ҶͻȻ˫һϡ

һħڵĸ֣ͱħĥҪֲסħɣʱǵԪƣԪ񣬷׷ħ档
һпȥֻˣΪ㣬ڰ׷ħ֮¡


1401 ɽ
ԪڣѾ·ӡһںϣɷӡ֮סٿӰ׷ħԪҵķӡ֮ɲ⿪ģħԪ񣬲Ͼһ㣬ȫԪ񣡡
㣬ħ档
Ҷ͵͵Цҵľ£ֻ٣׷ħ¡
˭뵽ﻹһԪϣȼڵԽĴڡ
ԪӡҰԪ֮֮ںϣγɵ⣬ӵԪӡ˵󶼲ܽ⿪
׷ħ棬ɵ£ͳͳø³Ҫúʰһ
ҶȴЦݣ֮ǰ¶ѡ̵Ҷȣͻڣӵоͷ
סϾ͸ˣ
ʮٸ֣ȻΪۺǵԪֻģڣԪѱ׷ħɡ
ÿһԪϢۺһ֡
⼸ٶǿߣеֶΣбµ󷨣·µţħԪ
׷ħͻȻ˫ָչӼ̨֮£ͻȻͷһɴ۵Ѫ⣬һͺͺѪ󾵣ںҽ֮С
ϹħԪСģ
һٺעˡ
ħԪȻһƷʺܸߣԱĥòĲƺܰԪУԶѹ
Ҷ˫ͫһ㱻Ǿ޴Ѫ쾵ȷһǷ˲Ϊ׷ħıԴ
˵ߣĴ󣬶ѹ
ǵЩʶǱħԪϹţ⽵һڣǶĺѿǵԪͳͳᱻգȱǿΣ
׷ħЦһʼ߶ħԪһɹѪ⣬ּ١
һ𺳵ĳ档
һˣѡ
򿹺⼸ٶٴڡ
̫ǿˡԪӡ޷аնԸͷŸ
ҶȴʱҲһѪ쾵סħ֣һͬӡ
˼һ֪׷ħ㿪ʼͷһɹԪӡƷһЩϾĸԪ񣬴Լʮͳͳر׷ħ롣

ڴΣ֮ʱͻȻһɾƳڻ֮ϡ
ħڵħˣ
磬͵һ
׷ħɫ֮˵ʵȷоһ˿в
ħڣδϹţһΪħѵžĴкˣ׷ħ濴硣
Ǳڵʥħڵӣʮֵ⡣
һСѡǣڿɰﲻǣνԶˮȲ˽ǶΪ֣
׷ħ̳һģʼ߶ӡһɹħʼѹƼٶǿߵ
ң·ħԪʼ𶯣ոԪ
𽣾
׷ħ棬ͻȻͷͷųǿѹһɹɽɫ
ԡħĽҶͻȻһɫӽУоΪ̺ԼԦ
۵ôǿߣһ𺳵ó˿־壬󷽣ٸ޷վȵһٸ֡ٸ֣ǲСģ
ݣ
ɫųԽɵԣȻϰ׷ħʩչľѹǾ˺ݺڽɫϡ
ɫȻٿȻ˷
ˣ
ͣͣ
ͣͣ
һɫǴħǿߵţǴüģͷ­
̣ٸ֣
һЩĸ֣պöȫɫϣҲ´ĿĵĽۡ
ħ棬ɱ¾µ
ɱˣ˼򵥡
ԭһƻЩ򵥣׷ħ棬Ϊ쳣ǿ󣡡
ҶʩչԪʮףһݼѣɫȻӽɫ׷ħͨ
ֲãԭһһȻϹħ磬Ѫȷ硣
޿֣ħ磬ٴ
ֱħ֡
¡
ٸ֣һ룬ʣµģһ۷֣پͷ
ͻȻ֮Ĺ쳣ǿ
ǡħڵмλһͬϵ
Ȼһپͷܵʲôʼϲ
ħڣû
׷ƣ΢΢һ𣬿Ҳ֮ܵĹһιһ룬֪ڶι֮УмҴ桭
ֿʼӡ
ˣ
ϢһδӰ׷ħ
ǿߣˣɫȫûϣǻǾۼз
ݣ
ɫѹ֮Ȼ׾٣ʹ˷һΣͬɫ꣬ǡ
ʱαװģ׷ħ棡
ҶڽɫʱһԪ񣬴ͷɳҶ˲һͷԵӸ߿׹·ڵҽ硣
ͬʱԼͷųȥԪΪԪ񣬽ԶҽڲħԪ֮С
׷ħ治ֱԪ񣬶ȰԪħԪ֮ڣͨԪ֮ǡħԪ洢ԪĿռ䣡Ҷթܡ
ͣ
Ͽգɫ֮С
һƬɱ֮նɱһ٣ͬһףɫʱһ٣
ʣ£ֻʮˣپͷҲһ룬ʣ¶پͷϸһǿߣӲдš
ǣǱնɱˣעġ
ĵȫûΪ˰׷ħ֡
䡭
ͻȻ磬һγصػ
缸͸
˲䣬˶֮ϣһǿߣʮ˰ˣÿһϢͨǿ߿ȵġ
ɽۡ
ͻȻթڲ׹еҶȣôգۿ϶ͼһӣƯȺǿ֮УҶȲǣǷС
ɽۡ
֮⡣
ʮǿߣÿһ˶ŲͬƣΨһͬģ֮
һףˣɽ֣û뵽ôµĸ֣Ǳħնɱ˹ȴлҪ
񡭡ΪҪǿתħ磬һͳħ磬˴԰оȳƱֻƻħ֣ɽ۴ݵ˵
λ
ͻȻһӰԶڰշ
ȴۣ
ˣˡ
һˣ߳ա
ɽ۶ģۣȥһ졣
ħȵףħȴۡ
˲ǰȾͿɽһϵĴڣɽ֣֡
ɽۿħȴۣһɱ֣δһ֣ͬζԸħ棬Щ뵽ߣ
ħȴۿףȻɱͻħλȻħԪϣǴħɱˣǱ޷Ԫϣ˽
ˣôħţ󲿷ˣ
ҶȼҪ׹ҽԶɽۡħȴۡħҶû뵽̤ħҪЩͷ档


1402 ħԪ
ǰЩĸǣɵеһţһŵ䣬ľǿߣ
ħԪ
׹ԨҶϢŲʬ壬һͬ׹롣
·ڵҽ֮УȻһʮɿ󡢾Ѫ죬ͭʴɵ񾵡
񾵲һѪ֮⣬ҶϷоԪҪС
Ҫնɱħ棬ôǿǰǲˡһˣ񾵣һҪΪĵõ
ƲҶж뷨Ϸǰ׷ħ治ǿ󣬽֮⣬ɽۡħȴۡħûгֻᣬڣֻ뾡취õ񾵣ܲܰһˡ
ҵԪӡ֪񾵣᲻ʲô飿
ҪõںϵһնɱǰˣԳ׵õҶ޷ڰ׷ħǿƤ£õħԪ
취
ʱһĮҶԺ𣺡ˣħԪպңйʣǶϹħ磬ҽȥħԪ֮ڣ鹵ͨ
תħԪйʣҶһ㶣ת鶦ħıҲħһħ
ȻħԪйʣ
תҲħһλֻħһЩʱڣʱѾΪǵʱħУħԪĴڣ
̫ˣаգ˵ħԪ
˵ʵڵġûУҲһĻᣡ
Ԫӡֲڲ֮ǰԪӡǣҿʱɱ׷ħӦû֮Уڣҿʰ
ǣ
ಣ
תӦҶһԪ̺̫һͨ
ҪƷһɲס
ಣ
תͻȻֳϵҽ罵٣ҶȣͷŸӦһұͷŸӦתʶںϡ
˭
ͻȻһħԪԵʮ־㵡
Ԫң㲻ʶ𣿡ת𽥷Żٶȣͷһɵ·Ѫ⿪ʼӴ
ħԪ΢΢һдǡ㣬ת
ϸԪһѹħıռ֮УЩ꣬Ҿ۸飬ȱ˴ߣںϣֵҡˣʵѾעʲôˣͻвͬĽ֣㲻ҽȥ𣿡
תе˵
ˣ
һѪ⣬Ȼת˲ƽͬѪڵľС
ɲǼ䣬ҶתʶУһѪɫĿյ磬ͬѪɫ硣
һ꣬һ£ľګش߳ת΢΢һȴûһ˿ЦݣǶı顣
ڵת磬㲻Ե޹ңôȥұѹֵһ˰ɣȻ㣬뿪𣡡
ҵˣӦڵʱ˵һħĺ֮㣬ţõħ֮ϿɣҴ˭뵽ˣҲӡãֱ֮ǰŸµˣ
ô򵥰ɣ
ڵˣǰ׷ħ棬ʵȷǿʵϹţնɱѹħ԰֮УڵƣҲܲҵˣϣ׷ħ֮ϵȻ󡭡
Ȼ
һЦ֪飬һ裬ת磬ҶǸ߰飬ô˵ͷѾף뿪ɣǱҵ˸Ӧ԰Ȼ취õ㣬ɱˣ
ǾͲǰú˵˵𣿡תꡣ
һƲƲǲǺú˵𣿻һ飬Ҳ룬ʱѾĨɱˡǰķϣ뿪ҲΪУʵҰ£һǰѣֻѡȻѾѡˣӦףǲԼˣǣң

תûа취̹Ȼ꣺ҵˣͨշԸ⳼
ǸȻһ᳼ϾЩϣǿߵģǷûи飬еֻвϽͷ
ǡǣ
ת˫ۣΪΡ
ȥɣ
ͻȻһһѪ⣬ת˲ͬ⻪ɳѪɫ硣
ǺԸ飬Ҫˣģǿߣ԰ĴڣΪ㸶һΣգٲĽңҲûа취ֻܽ㵱һߣ
ұ
Ҷ˲˫ۣ֪ħԪ̬ȡ
ӲģͨʵѹħԪ
ˣԪҪħ桭תɳѪɫ棬̳ҶǰѰԪӡӣУ
ಣ
˵꣬תʧҶڡ
ҶȿϿգٴ̣ܣ磬ط·ҪƵģѾֻʣ¼١
ˣٶǿߣȻȫڴˡ
Ҳձɡǿİ׷ħ棬ɱôǿߣƱ֮ǰǿ
ⷬҶ̫ͬĶʥɽĿ
һ񣬾Ϳɱٸ֡
ʥɽŶٶ٣аɱʥɽҪһ
׷ħעȫɽ۵ȾͷǼǿߡҳ䲻⣬ȡħԪʱ̣
ҶȻ뿪ңȻ߶ԪΧͻȻһģϯԪ
˿̣Ҷ˫ֲϽӡһɹģͻȻħԪ
ˡ
ģϢΧͳͳһͬħԪ룬Ҷ˫ͻȻһϡ
ƯҽڵħԪ΢΢ͻȻڲڲɱħԪʱԽ𶯵
˭˭ӵ˲˼ܼԦģ
ħԪڣ꾪ĺ
ۣ
߿գһնɱǿߵİ׷ħ棬ͻȻһ̲סǰ㣬һѪɫһ·ܡħԪڣһųڲ־
ǿԪӡ
ţ׷ħ˫ֱͷһħͷͫϵͷţŭɶĪǱħԪɵԪУаԪΪĴڣ
ΨΪ𣡡
Ҷ˫һ֣һԴͫٴ𶯵ħԪ

ĺȻ׷ͨϿֱ
׷ħ淢ˣϧ̫ˣԪ飬ҵԪӡ⣬ھõʱ䣡
ҶȸֱͶҽ֮УվħԪϷ˫һѹһԹâ̰ħԪ

ӴħԪΪƴС޷֮С
Сǧߣ
Ҷתͼǰȫǰ׷ͬٲ׹

һǳ֮⣬̰Ҷȣʧ
¡
׷Ҷʧĵط˽ҽ֮Уҽʱը𣬸ǽռ֮ڡ
ȻϢڱǰ߱ںϵ֮ˣһЩйϵ˵ħǱĸ֣
׷ħ潵ٶյҽԨʲôûʣ£ʬҲûУûðɡҧгݣħǺģ뱾ԣħԪ뱾汾û˿ǿĨȥӦ˭챾Ҫ׷ɱ䣡


1403 ˭
ա̫Σˣ
ʱҶƯ֮УδӾĶһ̣
·𣬰׷ħǰ׷ͨҪɱǿҲվźЩʵƵġ

ħԪƯھڣҲ뿪׷ħڵĻԨ
ԶʮǿϢϵعǷ硣
׷ħ桭ţôˣʰо֣
ûǰ澳Уתƻȡʤļ飬ʵ״̬£Ҷ׷ħ潻棬Եࡣ
ɽۣ֮裬Ҫһ
õħԪҶȲǵһʱ䣬뿪Ƿ֮أǻһ飬Ҫ
߶ԪԪ֮̽С
ˡ
һһƾ޴ͭžԿռУԾҪɳ磬Ѱˡ
ȴ磬ֲĽԲסͽ޹뿪硣
Ԫת鶦ˣʵɣ
ҶԪ԰У콵٣ƯħԪϿա
ಣ
һ꣬ħԪѪɫٿȻɣŲţҶȣɵ磬ôܴ磿
Ҷȵҵ֮ڣǳԽڣԪ֮ðգħƤ£ɾδӦ֪δҪпܲϽɳΪķ
֪ħ޷Ϊ󣿡귴һ䡣
ʵĺãҵȻֻ֪֪ҸˣһΪȻڻֻ٣þͻħͬΪ̤磬մȥ磬ڣħԪڣδնϣ𲻴ӦҶҪǿаһУնϣȻԼѡںϣҲЩӰ죡
ǲѡ˵ģ
ҾͲˣ
Ҷû뵽ԪȻ˹ִҲҶȿһ棬£ħ治ײģȻҲˡ
ǻĵˡ
龻֣
һƿħԪ޷塣
һ֣ԪУ̲סһͬѪɫ֮С
˿̣Ѫɫ硣
Ԫ꣬߶ص֣ǣκιûɫ֡
Ǿǰ׷ħıɣ
ֿ꣬Ѫɫ룬Ѫɫ󷨣ͬ磬һ𣬶룬һ׷ˡ
ǿİ׷ħ־
Ѫɫص׷ħ־֮Уڰ׷ħѭ죬뿪ڣԴ˲ѭ׷ħԪϵںϣ׷ħڡ
ʹ׷ħںħԪ
û뵽ԪҲͬһ뿪Լˡ
Ԫַ׷ħ־ر˫ۡ
⡣
ħƺ˲٣ǹЧλܸϢ֮һӳħգ
ħȴɽվ룬ʩչִ֣ʮǿߣͷһħ硣
֮ڡ
ۣ
׷ħ߶磬ԿϹ
ͻأ䣬һ㣬һѪ
һ˼飬ҡͷܣϣôܣǿնϣ֮ıںϣ˭ò׵õħԪ㸴֮󣬰ںϣΪ
ƣЩǿߣġ
ǣаħԪߵˡ
ŭɶһ񣬲Ƥ£߷ȻնϱںϣǶô𺳵¡
һں֮󣬳ˣԽȥ֮ڣκ˶ԣǿж߷Ҳ޷ԽҲᱻڣʶ֮ǰµıʶѹ
ԣһ˵õ˷ֻܷӡǳնɱˣſ취
񣬰׷ħ治ףĺúõģôˣڲնħԪıں
ǸˣǿнԪ̱Ԫ飬նɱɱˣҲԽϾԪ룬Ҳһѹ
ߣһˣûûˡħԪﵽںϣһٻָǲˣֻ˵ͷ
׷ħݺһͻȻȴΪΣüһһϢӿ

󣬶ø
ûҵû뵽ԸЩϣһ񣬸ˡ񣬱ǰɵ֮Уվ۷Ĵڣ
׷ħаײеЦš
ħ棬ƿ˰ɣҺòװħеħ԰оȳ뿪ħħлָʵһͳħ˵ħȻϹħ磬ħ֮Умʮİħʵǿĳ̶ȣ㵱꣬ҲܣһͳħħΪɵ磬ǿ
Ȼ䣬һӰӸ߿ս
óٲһߡ
׷ħһЦƮĺӰħڻ˵Щ˼𣿡
ħźӰʵҡҡͷ׷ħ棺û˼û˼ֻħԪˣЩ⡭ˣ뿪ħɣħǼǿߣ׶ҳ֣úһֱȥǲۿħһ
ߣ
׷ħ̷һɻħ⣬ϵȼգȻһϢɶݶȥ
Ϣˣ
֮⡣
ɽۡħȴۡħȻڻ֮ϣ̵Ľ磬Ȼֳ״̬
Īǡ
ħϣһ˿㵡
㲻á㲻һΣħͷˣħȴͬ飬ֻʮֿ϶Լĸо
ƣ
ɽһһǿ͵شӰڻ֮ϡ
ɲǼ䣬߹ޣϡﻩ顣
ˡ
飬ħȴۡɽۡħδһ£˶Χ磬ǣɽȴһλǰΪ٣Ǿ񣬴ڱʲ࣬ħǿϹħ磬Ʒħ磬ʵֶֻ֮ѣ
ħˣħȴҡҡͷȻˣħ԰Ԫһαƻ˶ħǻ񣬴ȻظţԤⷢ
ಣ
ʮħ̷ͬ
֮
Զ֮ңɽħڴʮٸ֣ɽħڷ򣬿ٷӡ
һ㵹ˣȻ䣬ɽħڿǰһľɽۣ֮һӰۣ֮˫֣ɽħڷ

ǿߣ̷Ǹİˡ
ұ𶯣ȥ
ɽ۴֮ɽ壬İһʮͷĺꡣ
ǡãתƽĿ⣬ɽ潹һ顣
˭ɽħڵؽ磬кĿģ
ԲϤˣɽǱʶ;ǰ߲߲꣬ƣȻʶͻأ̫пܣɽħڵĵˡ
ǡֵħڶ֮ڣĳ֣ɽҲЩ̤ʵĸо


1404 һ
ɽۣ
껺ֵգҶȱģ
ɽۣɽľͷҶȻС
ɽһԷȻĿĶϸҶȣȴûᡢİйӡ󣺡ǿʶ
գǶδĹˣǵУѡ
˵ʶҲ˵ʶ
ҶȲ䣬дЦݣ̾꣬и꣬ҿһõıʱֻǻѪ飬ηˤ˸ͷһӻңǸͷֻһ񣬱
㣡ɽۺεȵΪڹȥ֮£Ȼ޾ϸһһԺ֮С
һٴδҶȣǵǸһ񣬾Ϳնɱ

ҶȵϢޣΪڣһʵףҲޱߡ
ȫ͸
ҼǵõʱǸ׵ģ˵ʲôǸţ벻Լ컯ʵڻͷȥɽۣ㵱ǸȻûұ̫ΪǣȻҲĴػ㵱ʱһ֮ģҲҵʱпܣսᣡ
ϧûҲûԣվ㣬㿴ĳɳϣһɣҵʵһд𰸣
ҶȻͷ
ֶǳһõӡ
ɽȻѸӦҶȵ⣬ƣҲͷţѸоҶȲһ
оֻҪ˿⣬пӵı΢С
ಣ
һԶ
ͻȻҶȷһƿ
ٶȡ
ֽ֣Ǻ䡣
ɽһͷһħǰ˿һȥ

صħŻƣһǹӰһˣҶ죬һݴЦݡ
ž
ɽֶʱһģħΪɫָӡȻΧգ飬¶ڵա
룬ô¡
Ҷûк˰֣֣ͬһȭһȭӡȭͷǺɫָӡ֮ײһ

ƣҶȺ
ɽۣһݾ⣺ħʵѾԽ٣Ȱĸ߶ȡʵȻĶ֣ԡһƣԼƣ
Ŷ
ɽ۽ȤҲδҶȵУγ֣δɱһۼ֤ɳǿߣʹ˶ɱ
ȻҶ֪ôʲôƣ
ɽۺʶһ
ߣ
ҶȰз߶һӡ̣ռںϣﵽ˰Խ˰
ħգȻںϣ䣬ҶȾѸӦԶɽħڵĴڣҪǣںϵĿռ䡣
ô£
ΪͷΪɽǿߣɽ۷ǷӦͷҶϢȻʧˣһ˿ûС
֮

ͬըҶƾղˣһԵĹ֮
ˣٶȡ
ɽһֱ򾲵ģȻʧüٶô޷ӦϢôռ䣬ﵽںϸ߶ȣ񡭡ʲô𣿡
ɲǣǿĸӦȻ޷Ҷȵڡ
ٶ
ţٶ˲ƣ˲ƣҲϢҲпռ֮С
Ҷȡʧ֮ʲôҲûˡ
ݡ
һƽĿռ䣬ʯ䣬ɽҲһǰٿȻ̳
ף
ɽڸӦˣϧӦЩЩģǽӸ첲䣬˹ȥ
ͣ
ɽҸ첲̹
һѪŽɽʮ֮ԶһƳұۣȻָĽѪڡ
һǰȻûӰֻѪڿռƯ
Ȼơˣɵ磬˲ų֣ɽɫδй࣬ܣƺҵҶȵϢϧ޷ҵ
ߵȻԽ
Ҷȵ˷ɽۣĿ꣬ϣۡĿģ֮սֻ֤ߣҵĽһУ㣬Ϲͥ칬ȵȿҵģ
Ҫڱϣۡ
ɽһƳұ۽ۣѪҡͷһЦˣ۸һλᣬڶΡλᣬڱۣǱԸ㣬ñۿܴﵽεȵĸ߶ȣҲϣܳΪһļ֤ߣҵң
𣿡
ҶƺҪˡ
һ̣
ɽͻȻһ裬ħȻֱӷΧռ䣬Ϊһħƿռ䡣

ǰħƾȻһײơ
ҶȣʮǱرħ죬ƶ
ಣ
ɽͷų˲ٶȣɲǼ䣬һȭҶȺ
ಣ
ֻȭͷʱҶȾѾֻʣ²Ӱ
ܡڵٶȣԲܴﵽ㣿
ȻһգɽƺоԼۻˣڣжٵɵ磬ǿŶ߱ڣٵǵһˣʵҲͰˣٶôҲ˾ˣ
ٿٿ
ͻȻһɹӰ֮ǹɽΧֱΧ£Ϯ
ƣ
ɽĿһ裬ռħƣΧһӰ֮ǹ׷飬ѰҶ֮ʱͻȻһƬӰ֮ǹ
ͨǿʢ
ɽһξ㵣ҶȾʵԴﵽ٣̣ӵ٣ǣ֮ͨȴп֪
žž
һΣɽһΪӰ֮ǹٶ̫죬ģݲ߶ħƣֱֻۣӰ֮ǹ
ӲȣҲġ
ݡ
󷽡
ٿȻһӰƶһɽ۵ĺ󱳡
ҵķӦ£ٶƣʧ𣿡ɽۺȻתһҶӭȥ
ҶͻȻһЦ
ɽ۱ΪҶȻܣΪԽҶҶȾȻȻ
ңһɾֹ֮һУͬʱ֣ٿȻĳ

ͣ
Ҷұɽײ࣬˳Ҷұ÷꣬ͷѵңҲһѪ
֣ͷŵľֹ֮֮ȴպý߶Կռƿأγɲռ䣬ɽ۵жԦͨٶȣò
䣡
ͣ
֮ɽأȻеĽպôţϧֻף㱻ǿסˡ
Ҷȣ˱˳ȥ
ٿȻʧڿС
ڶ
ɽЩţһǻϵĽ˲飺򡭡ķ򣬾ȻҲﵽٵĸ߶ȣ
һΡûл῿
ɽۿҶڣȻ󡭡һƬħƿռ䣬γɰ׷ΧʵҶȸ޷ħ֮С
ɽ꿴ۣƺ࣬Ÿ߿յˣѾˣȥɣõȻҲûеĿܣѼʶǱȷ
ݣ
ֻǣû˵ꡣ
ͻȻıһǳֳ֮һǳ֮
ɽһ̣ûɫ
ƺ֪һ̣
ͣ
ǳ֣֮ʧˡ
ȴشɽۺ󱳣һ
꣡
˲䱻ɽ۷÷飬ںһĨƳָⲼŰ߰Ѫ



1405 ǡǹ
һ
ɽ۾⣬ֻ⣬
ڶ
ͷħƷ򣬿ƿռ䣬Ҷ»ᣬҶȾĲ࣬ƶƣ˺£ȴﵽĿġ

ɽۣΪҶûаᣬ޷Ϊ޷ǿռ֮С
Ҷȣȴ֪ʲôʽȻĪʹ
һһ𺳾޴һһ޷͸ҶȣֱźȻһʵǾҶȣδ͸Ĵڡ
ôǰе뷨ͷǿЦģΪҶȵǱͨʶ֮ϡ

Զʮɽߵǿߣĸ𾪣ĸȥɱҶȡ
ɽͻȻӻ֣ĪҪԸԼȥ
ɽۣҶ˵㻰һ񣬻ۣ֮䣬Ҳ㳶ƽˣȻĲ࣬кܳľ룬㲻һǿߣһǿߣ޷˵ֵزһ
ٿȻҶȳڰ֮⣬һѪұۣʹţζǳױɽۣˡ
ѪĴۣ
ҶȣˣҼסˣȷ֮ţبδգظۣһΣ
ɽۣȻ̹ؽʵ
һܡ
һ˸þ߱ġ
Ժǻύֵģֻǡʱҵһ񣬾ͿԾҺڴһ죡
ಣ
Ҷȴ˻Цݣתƿնȥ
Īһ̡Ǵǧͼ
һˡ
ɽòŻع񷣬޷ţ˸󣺡Ǵǧͼô˵ٶȣʲôٶȣߵΪҶȣҵĵõ˵Ĵа
ǧͼȻʹ߳֡
¿ɲӱţŵֻм빫ȣҶȣֻڣȻﵽĸ߶ȣӣֶһȼ
ˣЩǿߣԽ˵ȥЦ󷽣ˣˣɽ۲䲻ˣ
ɽһ֣¼ŷɽħڣȺٸ֣ôʱɽӦŭɶɱڣֻһɥ
Цȥ
ħ磬һӰǱһƬա
ҶȸұۣһоҲûУұۣȻñըͬߡǰǿվڶ۷ͷ𣿡
࣡
˵񣬾۷ǿߣҲǳ˰£ǿĴڣҶǲ໹кܴ
֪Ϊ鹫þǰô޿ֵԭˡ
ʱҶȴԼɽ۽֣뵽鹫ӵþĳ
鹫ӵʱĿΪǿ󣬿Խɽߡ
νţ鹫ˣʵ顣
󣡡
䣬һ󷨣ͷž䣬˲Ϣռ֮С
纣
ոս磬纺ѾƯ̳ȴ
纺˲ӭͫҶұ֮ϣӽܰ˵̶ֳȡ
Ҷ˷ܵؿ纺ƺκ飬Ҫ纺һû£ȱ˵ʮٵҲԺܿʱָұۣã纣ҵĵģоһ̣΢΢һЩɽǿ󲻿սʤһĻʧˣ
ԸħȻһģ纺һԣĬĬš
ʵԸħ˴ŵ뷨ֻǵĻδﵽҡĵزһﵽǸزҵģħӰ죬ôƾʵѾа취ħѹûаٷְٵİգ
ԸħǧҪżɵõӵ䣿
ħǰãҪһŮΪħһͳˣΪʥĸħкйϵпܣ˾
Ǳãܽ⣬ƿԸħаգ
ţȺúϢһɽ۽֣̫
˽һ֮ҶƽУ˷ܵĺܣ纺ػһԣҶС
óһЩ֮Ƶӣ֮󣬴߶̫һʼʮʼȼգҲϷ衣
ֲͳͳӳҶϣҶȸоƮƮģұ𽥲֪Ѫ͸ھ粻ںϡ
Ԫұ۹ȫ飬ѣϸ֯ˣǷˣȻԶˣ˵㲻ʲô
ֱܵشȻܶˣж֮Լʮ岻ڻָ֮С
ڰ֮£ȴһµʯ
һƬ԰Уһ꣬ͷòãΪƽûаԵƣһµϢ
ಣ
һӰӸ߿ƿն
Ӱأߣֳɽ۵
壬ڶԸħ԰ӳȥħ棿ôͻȻʱ䣬꿴ɽۣȻƽת
Ϊħ棬Ҳã˳˵˵
ɽ۵Ӱһݹǲ֣Ըħ棬ͨ󣬲ŸոոȻʹﵽȰĸ߶ȣ֪ʲôְձˡ
׵񣬵ȷ֮ˡ״ƺԷҲǴͨߣħˣħ԰Ϣħˣܶܵô԰ߵķȻߣˣħݺħ磬ֳˣǱѹˣ
ҪĿģΪ
ɽ۴ʱЩͳ¸ոհˣһ˵ϣ
ŶƽͫͻȻһĨ졣
ֶĵӣΪҶȣһǰ³ѵһû뵽һꡭΪȻܡû취Ȼû취Ǿǰˣ
ɽ̹˵
Ҫħˣ󣬾ûκξı飬ƺԤϡ
ⷬ飬Ȼɽۿʲôѵʶˣ
ʶ˵ʶ˵ˣҲ˵İˡ֮˵Ĳܣ֮ϣɵ磬ûܳԽ
껺վͫ¶Ȼƽ䣺Ȼˣһħҡ
ӡȹ㻹Ҫţɽ۾̫˼飬֪ӵͨ
ԶԶ֮壬ȻȥɣԺˣ͵ħѰɣħҲϵ˵ħˣ꿴ɽۣ˵
ǣ
ɽ۴ɻ˲Ϣƿնȥ
ӷ絽桭°ɣһ鷲ˣȻﵽٵĸ߶ȡħ˵ĺܶԣĲبδУ
괥֮ɫ񷡣
֮
ಣ
ͻȻɳһӰ
ָ۷壬оǲɽһսǳҪսŻͻƣϧڻҪһںϣͻƣ
ҶȻһոº£Զħ磺ֱȥħڣܵͻϵҡܲյҵٷٳδӦǳʲô¡ȥͻ᪣û£˼Ȼ£Ҫ𵽵ף
ͷŴﵽٵٶȣħڵķ


1406 ͻ᪵
ħڣ
ħʿʥء
һƬƬ޴űɫɫγɳǳһ㣬ɽƽԭص󣬴Щű
ЩűǺɫġ
ЩɫűħֵǸۡ
ħΧһƬűγɵĳǳؽֵ
һ꣬һħ롣
ֵɵ̷࣬ӳȻҲвͬģ˷ӣūū󲿷ʿȻ塢а̡ħ֮ˡ
еЩһħڣһоûдѪɱ¾ħߵ磡
ǳǰһƬɽϵľ޴ɫűͻ᪵ϢҷٷϷһű֮С
ҶȰд߶龻֣֪ͻٷϢ𽥴һƬűУĿꡣ
ħ԰ӳһħͷʱҪСЩİˣκη֣ϱ£
ȻһȺڼħǿߣشӰշǳذգһڳǳزɢ
ħѰҰ׷ħ桭ҶڽֵУȺڼʿ뿪߶ͨ˲һɽűա
űֽţڣ඼ǿߣһֻмˣûгԽٵĴڡ
ٴһ׽磬̿߷һűűƽ֮󣬲ʿڿء
ͻϢһֱͣ
ҶȿƯڰգʵϣʩչԪû˿ԿűϿգҶȼԼٷͻϢߡ

һʿһץ˲֪ôһ£ƾʧգһ㣬Ҷָץסͷһӿʿͷ
ԭűˣΪħƬƿ֮һһΪħ֮ڣһ𸱳ϣ
˲ϢʹʿԪ֮УűһȻѰͻ᪵Ϣ
ӺȻһͻԭͨŬʽΪħڵӣħΪʦͻ֪᪲ΪΣͻȻʧˣ
ȻʿԪҶҵͻ᪵ļ仭档
УͻһۼһСߣһоħʱͻ᪣ѳɹڣΪһڵĳۡ
ϧûͻȥͬ˼ˡ
ܾôʧͻ᪵ϢűħȴڹűУȥ֪˺£ҵٷҲѹ·
ָһһӡʿԪ֮УĨȥʱ䣬ٰ¹űһ
Ҷ˲Ϣһ߳׽űԺУķֲ죬ħ
ƹͥȣҶűȴѪװΪǴѪаѪƣڴϷһѪɵĴǽ棬Χûʲô
Ѫǽͨűܿռڵͨ
Ҷǽ棬ħǽ֮УգۣѪƷӡӿҶȵǰпַһһƿأȻӶָһץѪͻȻγһУһҶȱӿС
ણ
·ˮͻȻһ㡣
ҶͻأؿķһƬԼһЩ壬Ȼռ΢΢һ˿˿
ǡ
ǰʱҶ΢΢һΪһŹײģƯڰգԼһٶ࣬ʮֺˣҴÿŹײģһϢ
ҵٷ
ȻںһŹײϣһŷӡǡ÷ӡģҶȼǰͻ᪷ٷ
ٷĿ꣬ͻ᪣ƯǾ߹ײ֮ϡ
Ȼײ֮ˣʮа˾žͻ᪡
ҶǿӦѾ֪ײ棬ûһϢҲ˵жˣͻҲ⡣
ಣ
һɱҶָһץŹײವһƮҶǰ׸ǻһ½ҿ˯һ߸ʬ
٣ϢҶȶȷͻ᪣
ͻûһѪ⣬ֻһƤң沿ûһ˿ʹ࣬Ǻܰ꣬ƺڳ˯֮У𽥵ȥ
ҶһƳ㿴ͻʽаַʳħײ뱩壬ͻЩˣ¶ǱħȿԪȻЩײ֮Уոһա긴һ꣬ħһ뾫ħЩˣһ֪ȥ
ͬɣҶʬ壬˲ˣɻˣУҲʹ࣬˲
ͻôʬȴǾʱ䣬ϱħһɣȻһȥ
·Լѡġͻ᪣˱ˣ飬ÿһõܻЩźģһ㣬ٴĻᣡ
Ĭãͻ᪣֣ȻΪҪģܶκν֣ȻҲ׼
ˣ
ȻҶȵĸӦ΢΢صһȦ
ħãôˣ㲻ϵĥұͬʽɻǵ꣡
ҶͻȻתӰϢ
ಣ
ͬʱһСӰӿռ֮ϷԾ֣һⱥȴһߡ
أ˻Цһʱúþһ£öȥҶ¯ҪǿţǵԪҵħŻﵽԲ

ͻȻڵĿռ䣬˲þֹԿȫƯ
ǡ򣡡
̫ͻأ
߸û뵽֮У˴ڣɱ𾪣߶һǿơ
ۣ
ոմ߶ƣƻδ壬ֹռѹڣ³Ѫ
߲κζʵʵĵؿķ֪λͷħħڵһ𸱳ϣ߲ӣʲôᣬǿ
ɱôˣʳħôй
֪ͻ᪰ɣĵӣΪʦ𣬾ȻģΪĶ¯Ϊ
ĮΧ
ͫǽթЦͻ᪣ĪǸͻʲôϵɲģͻ᪱ɱϷΪʦ𣬱Ҫ뾡취ʵãûɣΪʬ
㲻ýƱ磬ϢѪ֮Уͻ᪵ϢһУǿϢħȻɱôˣ֮ҲŹҾͰѹǧ꣬ĥ㣬ǧҲữΪʬԶعÿ˵ڣҲǵ
ͻأ֮ʱһָ֮صѹھֹռ֮ϣʱγһ޵Ľ磬֮Уеȼա
ħϧһҲܴӽ紫
Ϣȥȥһ̣õĽ磬ҲһͬΪ֮һжᵴȻ޴棬ħԼĶߣ伫ȻеҲˣ̫ײСΪԼ˶ŹˣԶҲûʸٴο֮⣬ȥµĵӡȥƣʳ
һͻȻйײģӿ֮С
ħûڱĥʱȻʩչͨ磬ϧÿͷһΣʧһΣ𽥵ģҲֲԾֻܱұ
ͻ᪡Ϊģ˶ѣǰһٴʶʱдһһ̣
ҶӰҡҡͷȻһವһ£뿪аħС


1407 ʥĸĭ
ˣħڡӦòãͻӦҵĵ
ɳű
ҶȸħڵҪڣˣҶȲδʩչ龻ָӦ
øӦڤڤ֮УҶȾѸоһħڣһ
ͻ᪡
ٴθ·ɫűҶܵд
ܶ飬ȥ
˵ˡԼĶѣڤڤ֮עá
ħ
ҶȼΪмͷҲûУһ٣ѾҶĸ߶ȣңӦʱ䣬ȥĥ
Ҷȴ߶ٶȣ̾ħȥ
һ·ɹӴĳǳأƯڰյĹűӦǿߣҲԽԽ࣬ٸֲϳ֣֮࣬вپͷʮˡ
ħڽûжǻĵأħڵӽ
֮
ҶʵٶȣҶѾһƬˣ߼ʣ綼ٱ󷨣Ȼ־޴Ĵأһźɫľ޴ʯǶڴ֮С
ħڣħԴڡ
ɵĴӪ֮һа̡塢ħΪħڣȴһͳеħȨһϣ˼顭
Ưںɫ֮ǰҶһС֮УѾھɽǳһǱǰħڣ㲻ʲô
棬Ȼͷ񡭡пܡ
һеߣħӡУȻҶѰ֮ˣҲС
ֱȥʥĸ
ҶȲǰκ黹ҪǱᡢαװȵȣڵʵѾϢħ֮С
򶨺⣬ҶʩչԪ硣
粻Ȼԡ󷨣ħڵػߣǰĴڣ
ǰҶȫ߶ԪȻͷһϢںϣʱǿӦʹӽڲӦϢ
һ޴󷨣ǲ赲ҶȵĲġ
ಣ
ʩչҶͷħ׵֮С
һͬ磬ǰ
űȻĹűԼĹűƯڰ֮ϣǳأ¥󡢹ϤĽħ֮ڣգĶڰпħһһ
Ҷȹ߶ԪԼȻɶڸ߿ա
һƯʥɽȻƯĹűǳ֮ϣԼʮǶӳһƬ
룬ʮɽ壬Ȼӵһ𣬾Ѫްرһɽ壬Ǵ߷壬Ѿɽ񷡣
һɹǿǰ޴ɽдݶһ١١٣ﲻҶȸӦ֮УоƯʥɽ޽֮صһʴ½ۼȫǶ١
ƯʥɽħȨʵҲħʿʥء
ɽۡħȴۡħҪʥɽ֮ǰ
ĵڣħڣкܳ롭ǰ۷ĵڣħڱȼһ
뵽ڣȽһȻвࡣ
ҶȻûʩչ龻֣ʥɽһħΧ磬ǿķʥɽ
߶ںħҶȻ׵ؽ
ŨҵħʥɽռƯţҶȻӦУԼһЩħţڿ̿УǱչأûиӦһһͬħš
Ҷһɽ壬ѡһڵˣʩչ֮ͨУǺ׾ҵʥĸ֮ء
ʥɽ֮һɽС
ʥɽÿһɽ壬̾Ķħǿ󡢵λߵʥĸҲռһɽ壬ɼĵλħжྪˡ
Ĩȥ˼䣬طߴʥɽȻһɽȥ
ÿһɽ壬䲻ٵĹűǹرܼ
Ȼʥĸڵɽ壬Ůӣ
ѹҶȱһɽ֮ϣȥһЩűУĶŮӣһҲûС
ҶʮֽûͷŸӦΪħУмɿµϢӦǰϢͷŸӦаգҲųħ֮еİ񣬲ᷢĴڡ
δˣħ֮Уֳ󶯾´Ҷȿ¾ͼˡ
ҶȻɽһɭУӣѳںɽһľ֮ϣɽֻм
һٵϢʥĸΪҲǶ٣ȴܳΪʥĸڶ٣ٵ
պɽϢ֮ҶȾʹȻϢУӦһɶϢҲǺɽΪߵϢ
ɽ֮У٣һǾ䣬絶ڵĵ档
ħڣҲԳΪһħȴۡɽħ
ʱӦĶ٣ʮа˾žνʥĸڶٳΪ䣬Ȼӵٵ
ΪΣʵǾһеĸ
Ȼ٣ҶȾͲܴ⣬ʵҲŸողٵıԵʥĸʵо룬벻Ǿ޴

գۣҶȾ·С
ãħ֮Ϊǻ㣬ڹǽ֮ϣէȻ˴һͨĻ硣
ʥĸǼӿУȻŻδȷҪ׼ãħЩħ
ţ
ȻŮӣȣΪ
ҶһӾϢˣҪҵʥĸ
̴߶ԪϹǽڹиĻݣʮŮӣѲߡ
ҶȻڹݶ֮£պÿԼĲ֡
ŮӣΧһŮΧŮʮֹ
Ȼס
Ůڷ˶ԣеħŲٵ֡
ˡ
ҶĿⱻŮȻͷʥĸݣҶȿԿ϶ȻͷűϢӦŮӡ
˸ҶȵľѪ
ԣŮˣȻᱻҶȵıϢںϡ
ˡ
ȻһҶȵĸӦȻֹ
ˣҶһסˣеЩš
һ̣ŮӺڷ֮ϵһöͻȻӿһ΢΢𶯡
ಣ
ŮͻȻһͷһħݶ֮Ҷȣ̳һħ
ΪôԸоҵĴڣ
ͻ䣡
Ҷȴ󺧲ѣŮӳֵǾܸӦϢڡ
ʥĸ
ŮӣͻȻһٻ
̼䣬ɳʮŮӣеĻһٴڣڵİա
¡
̴ݶ޴ըҶűը֮طڶ𣬻δվȣͱһŮӣΧ
ҶȴݵһƳЩŮӣȻΪǰֻҪ˲߶ֹ򣬾Ϳȡǵ
ӭʥĸ
Ӱݶ֮
ʥĸ
ŮӣλŮӺ󷽣ɳŮӹʩ
СĴˣŮӡʥĸӶصɱ

ҶͻȻһһϤİƺйԺȻͷͨӦתصʥĸɲһôˣ
ǰʥŮһ£ԵúȻδУΪʥĸĻ󣬾һ䣬ʮѤĻ䡣
գʮ߰꣬͸¶ţȻᣬƣǿ󣬶Һ
㣡ĭ
Ҷȼʥĸò·һ¶ˣ
̤뷲ɽΪ̫λ֮󣬱ȥԪǣѰˣ
ӭģһīɱһµŮ
Ȼǰġʥĸͬˡ


1408 ħ
꣬ͬһ
ٴμҲһ
޳컯Ū
㣡ҶҶҶȣ
ʥĸĭҶգһ𾪣ƺû뵽ɽҶȣû뵽֮أɽǿħ֮ڡ
ĭһСѾͷ˽ɽ磬û뵽ת۲Ŷ꣬㾹ȻﵽΪΪħڵʥĸʱҶȷԷθΪĭеˡ
ͬУһ̤ʵС
˵ͽܣΪʥĸôΪʦȻҲħڣʮֲ
ҶҪģһֱҸ֮
統֮ԺǣΪǰҸһУţնΪҸܶ
գǹĺҸҶȣϣŵõĹ
֪Ŀģ
ʥĸĭѲǵǸСѾͷһͷϢǿߣؿҶȣΪʦ˵ںδһ죬Ҳ
ǣˣҶ׵
ϧʦʦȴ㣬ҵڷٱ֮ʱʦ˵ˣħģңϣԶټ桭
ʥĸĭĵҶ˵ʮּʦҲϣʦ㣬飬ȥĶĳЩˣֻ΢һƼ䣬ʦ˵ҹĨȥʹ࣬ΪʦãǾ͸Ͽȥ
˵ʹγҵʹ
ҶУĬĬεһ̾
߻пܣʥĸĭĮȻ˵һ䡣
Ҷֱӻؾ̬ȼصǲߵģ̤ɽ磬ʱʱżˣΪħĭӦ֧ң
㲻ߡ
ȻĭգһɹϢӿɫһղߣ㻹лᣬûлˣ
ҶӸ߿ձ仯Ц֪ħĸѾ٣ҪߣûסҪˣҲû˿赲ҵĲȻħڣкη
ɲһͳ̫λ棡ĭżˡ
кξ壿ҶһЦ
ಣ
ʥĸ
ɲǼ䣬ʮ١ٸ֣ӵսٶɽ壬γһĽ硣
˵Ҷѱħƿڽ֮ڡ
ٵʮǿߣмˣΧŮӣʥĸ˿һ̣ʥĸĭĮƲƲҶȣŸַɳ˽硣
ηĸ֣Ȼɱʥĸ
֣Ϊ٣Ƕ٣ҶΧڵգͷγɷɱ֮ơ
ڽ֮⣬ֽʮٸ֣мٸϢߡּеһƴ
ħǳ˴ħʥ֮С
Խ֮⣬ԽԽħڸֿ֣Χ˴֣ҶȻһȻֶһҪ־Ͷ֣
ʱʥɽ֮ۡ
Ȼһǿ˫ͫȼħ棬һЩߣ̳˫ͫΧ׷񣺡
ô˴ħʥأǵͫԻ֮ɫ
һߵȴɻ󣺡Ҳ֪·꣬ӺηǱħжãλ־δӦˣ
֤ˣħڣ硭ȿţʲôĵ˵
ɵ綯ǿ߷չ½˵ĳͷйϵûе⣬Ҫնɱ
˫ͫɽ˵
̸·һһ
׽ˣ
ٸ֣ƺյʲôּ໥ͷ
׽ǿһԣ鲻Ǻúһ棬Ҳһħ
ҶȵһЦڡħޡ

ţ

֮⣬پͷɣһȣ֮
ɼΪħڵǿߣȻһСӣǶĳ裬ǷŭŭȴԶ֡
١٣ԶԸκξͷ
οǶԸģһˡ
ħһ£ֱӴ١٣һˣѾҶȵɽ綥Դ
ͬ
پͷ˺󣬿ٸ֣ͷ֮ˣȶ֣
ѹ
ٸֱ֣Ҷȵ壬ͬʱ߶ħƣںһҶȵѹ
ˡ
ڴʱҶȷһХ·ھħ磺ֻ㣬ɷİã
¡
Ҷȵ˳ȥ
ƣҲԾѹ֮ƣȻͬ˵ķŭͻȻҶ
ƣ
٣ħڵػĸʵǴﵽ۷壬ҶȻȻ壬ûܣľͷע£ȭһħΪĿħȭȻϡ

ݺײҶͷŵħȭ֮ϣȻúݺһɽ磬·ڲ
ۺҴ˵ħʮ־ĪҵħеǿߣԶپͷ̾ѡ
ʵ
֮⣬ħ֣ڶĬˣϿ·ŵˡ
䣡
ǿߣֹֹҶֲ£Ȼ仯ʽΪӪͷͨһħͨҶȰΧȥ
ҶȻ΢ЦͷħԴԴϣңȻûͷ߶ȣֻԼ߲ʵֽ֡
˫ɽ߿ս֣ɽĹ˶ˣɭ֣ȥ
һֱڻҰɣ
֪ٵĽ֣
ҶͻȻӱըзɳһץһ֮棬Ϸײ֮ȻһͬٲǰֱӺȥ

ֱӱѹ֮ǰֿռڣһ赲ҶԴԴϣͷŵĽ
һʱ䣬ˣھ̾ΪһˣԴԴϡۺ񡢳
սȥ˭֣ʵǿֻҪֲ֮أͿĶԷֱѶԷ
󷨣󷨶Ը
ٻغϽ档
ռ䵽Ǹͨ
ٸ֣ʼֳƣ̬ȥհܵĻǣԣͻȻۼһ
ͣ
һɽ˫һϣȻ֮䣬˷ɢ
̣ħƯڰգħ뽣ںϳĽ
˲䣬һУӰֱҶѹȶ
ƣҶһС࣬ӷ籩һ㣬ȴ쿹صľˡ
󷨣
ɲǡ
Ҷָһץһɹħ濪ʼںϣȻ
γһħˡ
ңӵаֱֻۣÿһֱֻۣһ޴ħǹ
ͨûж֮ҪġȫۺΪ̣û޷ֶ֧ã
ٸ֣ħ˱۾ˣһʱ𺳵ЩԼ۾ҪٵǿԪƿԦƿصͨ
ͣ
˱ħˣһֱֻֻۣͬʱнһǹһǹ̳
н󣬾ȻʼħǹҪħǹϧħǹӲȣǽһӣܽġ

˱ħ˲ӶֱۣһħǹڰղһƬУǽУΪ෴ķ

УԲͬתȻոսӴ磬ڰ໥ײ嫵Ħ֮
һʱ䣬ɽ磬ʼ


1409 Ⱥħ
˱ۻˣƿص֮УȫǹӰ
ٸĽУͳͳǽ
෴תĦ˲Ϣ֮䣬֪жǹӰ뽣ڲ϶ײ໥𣬾޴ˣʼħʥɽħա
ƣ
֣ûоѹһγģҲ޷еùĳ
֮⣬ۼٶٸ֣·սԶǵĸй١
Ƕħڵĸ߲㣬ǿߣ·Ǹħ꣬Ȼͷ
ڣ
ھӵпٵţ֮ӣɽһˣʲãĪ
δڣܿٵֹ
ϲ𾪣þ޷ɢȥҶֽ棬ȫռݲ֮أ˿ʼϸϸ۲Ҷȵ
λҵʵѾﵽٵżǣǶ١ƣ
˵ӡ
ҶͻȻֻ̧𣬶ǰ˱ۻˣͻأſһɾ˵ƣΪӥצһ㣬д󣬺¡һֱץȥ
꣡

޴ӥצԵǿץ뽣УȻһͬ㹳סһ㣬£Ȼд͵һ𣬻һɢ
ۣ
ٸ֣Žд飬˺ţ޷ѹѪӿ׷³Ѫ
ˣ
ϡﻩ̾
˺󣡡
ڣһԹսپͷٿȻǰ
ǣ
סؿڣΣĿʧ䣬ͬӣȥ
ಣ
˱ۻˣʧҶǰǰٸ֣һʵѾﵽˮƽһֲδﵽԲپ硣
ߣһ롣
ݡݣ
գۣͷУԳһħᦣҶǴﵽӽĸ߶ȡ
ȻһͷŷѾҵĴˣҶȵһЦһץгһӣͷŵ׹⡣
Уһߣѹɽ˵Сӣһֱδͷȫ
Ҷƿƽ飬һɹ׹⣬ͬڱԸǣȻ޷ƳҵȫǡȻԣҲ̹Ȼϣҵʵһ˵ĸ߶ȣҼȻֶΣɲҪСˣ
ˣѾ۷
ͷͷħһɹħƣϱ
ৡ
Ȼ
ͷѸײڶ֮ƣͻأҶǰħǵһ㣬Ҷѹ
ͣ
ƽɲǱҶȴ߶׹⣬ͬһƬ˳ͷ濹⡣
øˣ׼Ԧƾ㣬ҲȲ㣬ûͨΪ̫ͣڡ
ͷ˫ĿһħᦣʱΪһ״̬Ҷγǹ󷨣ңħƣΧ£Ҷȶ
پͷںϵκ۷ֹ֣Уɽ磬ǲ
޷򣡡
ΣҶΪûпܣȫסӲ¸ҶȴĴ޷ġ
ҶȣȻӲӲ
һֳͨ
֪Σǿ߶ΪҶγΪ֮һжעپͷҲࡣ
ɣգۼ䣡
ħͷŵƣҪѹҶʱͻȻҶڵĿռ䣬ħƿռ䣬ʼ˼Ħ
ȻҶڵĿռ䣬Ȼһ飬һ㣬ħڿռ䣬ɲǼ
찡Ǻε˵õĿռͨ
ͷų˿µĿռͨ٣Ҳ޷˴졢˼Ŀռͨ
һʱ䣬֮ļٶٸ֣ĸǰһĻܣʵ
ռ䣬ˣ׷ĸ߶ȣģ٣١
ͷžܿͻΪս⣺Сӣԭ㻹㳬ռͨˣȷЩС㣬ʸͷ۷һս
ڴģ
ҶȻݵپͷ
ħӡ
Ȼͷֶˡ
һΣͷųһɹǿӡΪӡ֣ץסħᦣȻ󡭡
ͬž޴߸Ӹ߿գŴؾͿʼȥ
ħᦣӡץסںʱɽҶΪĿ꣬׷
γɵĹﵽǧ֮⣬˴ͨһҲܲסһ
޷򣡡
·ѾħᦾӰȫסӰҶȣüͷһȷһȫ߶ƽ飬Ҳ޷赲ȫ߶пͷ濹⡣
ôóԼĵ̣
ٿ
ĺȻ䣡
ҶȾʧˡ
¡
޴ħӡ֣Ҷڵĸ߿ա
ʱɽ壬£ʼн˲ҶڵĿռ䣬ȫ飬ֳտµ޾ڰ
أ
˹ߣ¶Щš
ͷȴ޷Ϊͷŵȴһ̣ҶȵվͲˡ
أ
֮⣬ĸ֣Ȼħ£һĻ˫۾ɽڲĲͬռ䣬ѰҲһӰ
û뵽һˣ֣Ҳ޷֮ѹ
ħʥɽ֮۵ؿռڡ
һЩ֪ǶôǿĴڡ
Ҳ·սŲ˼飬Աߴճֵһ˫ħ˫ͫ
˫ͫͳϵһϹſռͨΪ֮
֮ϹĪǴϹͥ
üͷһ𺳡
ħͫȻϹͥȻĪ⣬֮ѾʧϹ֮ͥУƿһҲϹŴĿռֻ֮֡Ǳں⣬꣬λռܾȻϵ֮ܰڸ֮һ֣ȻޣȴǣʵϣУʵʵУޣԣ֮֮ͨͨˣǶϹͥй˽⣬Ӧ˵ĵߣϹżԪΪļ֮һ޵ˣ
޵ˣ
߻Ȼһ
ǶϹͥ޴֣Ȼй˽ƿء
һˣһۣϣȻĪǣλռܣҲǡҲǡ̫顯йţ̫޵ˣͬһ
ǽ̫飬һλϹͥòֵĴܣҲʽߵĲǺܽʱʱܻ
Ȼ
ߴž㵣ٴ·ڵս
ٿٿٿ
Ȼپͷ󷽿ռ䣬Ϣش̳
ͷͷӡ֣Դ߶ٶȣڽܣȻħᦣһδεѹǺ󷽿ռ䡣
ֻռ䣬εѣֻǲ֪ǵĶ֣
ݣ
Ǳ
ͻȻǵʯ֮䣬һƬд˳
Ѳû뵽Ŀռͨﵽ˲˼ľ磡
һپͷ˵ҶȵĽٻᱻ˵ͷȻͷٶȣ벻ӦùֶΣħᦺ¡ڽʱӸ߿ڽ֮ϡ


1410 ħӣ
ͷʵ޷ȼλҵƣҲ޷Ӧģ
߶ԪҶڰǿʩչ޷򣬸ӵӦ֡
գͷͷǿӦҪӦڣϧҶһδתռ䣬ǲ׽ҶѾȥһƬռ䡣
һδν棬ٸ֮
ͷͻȻ
ŶĪˣ뵽ӣƽҵĿռͨ
ͻȻľٶҶȣЩ档
ᣡ
Ȼ䣬һħƣֱΪ룬γɰ
ԭԭҪͷԼ֮ɢڲռ䣬Ȼռռ䣬ûжصĿռ䣡
Ȼÿһ޵еġ
Ԫǿ˵ҲвͬӦ԰취
һĳʦ㣬Ҳ޷ζĲȡ
ҲǴĿĵġ
ǽڲռ䣬汻ǵռ죬ҶûвĿռ䣬ΪУǵ磬ҶǿĿռͨҲӹĸӦ
鷨򣡡
Ҷ̴߶һ־ԴȻٴ߶޷򣬲ͷŸǿħһɹɿռ䣬ռС
⡭
ͻأͳڿռĿռУͷ𺳵Щ˵

пռ֮ʼӴ

пռ䲻ϵתµ˺֮Ȼͷǰ˺÷飬޷ǰһ֣пռ䣬Ҳ޷ٴǰװ˺ѣΪҶ޷ȼͷ
ļޣֹֻ֮ӡ
һ£γ־棬֮ռ޴ӿֵ϶ԿȻ˭Ҳ޷ռơ
ͷΪ֣࣬ȻԸһڵһֱ
׷̾һ㡭Ǿͨ
֮⣬ǿߣҲѾԴһƬհףΪħپͷ޷κסһڵˡ
ʥɽߴʱС
ǣЩģħħͫа취ƽСӵ֮
ħͫ·ĳڰ֮Уڣƽİ취ΪǱ޷ƽ֮һΪһܾͨеڣ֮ҲֻҪһռУǿĸӦ򣬾Ϳ˲䳬Խƿƿصпռ䣬ﵽһ̶ȸӦҲԸӦټ磬ڱǰ޷ΣͨҲӲڵĸӦΪƣΪƣҲ㣬һﵽ٣һİ񣬿¶Ը֮һﵽ٣κβ
ⲻ˵ˣû˵𣿡
һЩû˰취
ЩߣƺʼԲ׽ҶȵϢ˫Ŀ˸һľ⡣
ɳȥȻһͷһԺð
仰˲ߣǣð亹
ھôһͻƶأһﵽأ
Ӧöħڵĸ֣һֱδ͸ɱ⣬ħڲʲô˻Уߣ뽪̫ôĹϵȻӵн̫֣Ϲʿе֮ĳɳħڣһֺ£ħͫˣȻûжٲ
״ˣ
ͻȻһ꣬ʥɽһֳ
ǵɽ۶Իꡣ
ӣ߼꣬׷
ǿˣ
һ֣ʾһײеĴȣħͫˡʵħڵĵˡ
ʶħͫˣ΢΢һ
޾⣬΢΢ʶ״ҲʶݣȺ뿪֮ٸ߸ף״˶
ħͫһֲ̾ãڴ֣ڤڤ֮Уоһݣԭˡȥɣ£Դڷеħ˵һӰ죬ǰħħ԰ֹʧħҪ

˲Ϣתͷһ·ٶȥ
ţ
پͷȫ߶򣬾ҪѹҶȵĿռͨʱͻȻȴӿֵһħˡ

ǵ򣬾ʧһƣҲʧˡ
Ŷ
Ҷһ㶣֪˺£Ϊͷװ׷Ҳź棬ֹͣ߶޷ڰ˻дͨͷš
ӣ
̹
˺󣡡
֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳǰ
ħӡ
ҶȣüͷһһȻ棬˲ϢͲ³سֵݡ
ٸ֣ˣΪӣȻͬɽһ𾴵
ħֻһˣǾħӣ
ɽ֮ӡ
ϴ鹫ӽ棬û뵽Ҷ𽥻ָݣϣоһ˿֮ħʿдͬһ档
پͷȥʱȴͬѰ㣬ںҶȡ
ҶҲһЦɵӦһ
֪Ϊζħ֮Ҿ֪ˡ֣ûһ˿ƣֵ˼
˳ɣȻ֪Ҫ֪Ҵӳɽ翪ʼһ·Ѱ䣬ڤڤ֮УҾ;ħ֮ڣ
ǲģ㣿ʲôãЩǹȥһ𣿡
ᣡ
Ҷȼϡ
㻹ˣ
΢΢죬һЦݣ͸ͣʱ˵һ죬һ˻ҶȣҪǣ˵ĿģΪ˻ʹ࣬ң
£Ҳ£Ҵϵұȥ⣬ˣҵˣԶǣħҲãҲգʲôҵˣ
˵Ҹ˵ĻҶȣȥɣҲΪ㣬飬ؼҲ㣡
ý졭Ҵħڣδһ棬һ˸Ըȥ𣿡ҶͻȻֵ
ԸҺ˽⣬ˣģҳ飬Ҿ֪ĹȥĹȥռݺܴλãҲ˽⣬һսûбҪ޷ʤ㣬Ҳ޷ʤң
ƺѾоҶȣһҪֵԸڲȻһץģһ򣺡ҽģ
ಣ
˵ָ꣬һ

գҶץסұۣʧȥӦ̺Ҫֹȥ˵ľġ
ǿ
תˣԶˣ䡭ҶȽץס򣬺ȻתϢƿնȥ
ȥ֮£˴֣
תմžѹһ֮
ǣӣ
˲ҲӣȻһɢȥһˣɽ֮У޲硣
һΪħĸϣħȻаģӲԼ¶֣ȥĵΪأ
ҶȽֵپͷ
ǣ
ȥ
˼ɵԽԽ˼ˣһԽԽˣɽ磬ЩˣѪʱ򡭡
Ҷȣһɽ磬ڴ죬㣬δΪľͷʱҪú㽻֣
ԵһЦһҶʧķȻʥɽ߿ա


1411 ˵Ķ
ʥɽ߿֮ϡ
ԸңҶȵɣԦһ磬գֻһħͫǰħͫ
״ˣΪҶȵˣħģ½ѣҲΪħĲŻǷʹࡣ
ԭˣ
ħͫĬһֵúðοһħģඣĶ޷ԦǲȫںϣҪϷ
ףͷ
ŶΪǰ˵ģԭҶȣӦǽֶ˰ɣû뵽Ƕ۵ĵӣ뽪̫ϵȷǸΪˣȻˣΪ͸ȷţħڵĵˣħҪѹڵҪҶȵСħ⺢ҪǿҪ縺ΣҶ˽һЩѹİ취
ǣ
ಣ
ʱħͫʧ֮С
̧ͷž⣬ĿһȻתһת˲ͳʥɽһܿռС
ռڲһƬУʢ
룬ƯһŵԺ䡣
ʦˣһŮӣԺǰֶתһλȶŮӾϲ˵
ŮӣһڷΪ׷ˣΧ˸һаѪɫںϹԡ
ˣ
Ժ䣬˱ףĮʵӡ벱ӣȻ˸Ѫɫӡ
£һѪɫӡ㵣ĲѣǳһǧҪǿںϸ
û£ҿԼԦ˾ǿЦ˲ɣһֻжʮòеı顣
Ҷȡˣףħһ˽һ򣬷򡭡̾̾
ˣܳ޷ԼģҲνȻʥˣһѪˣ˵ˡԺ󻹻ģ
ͫȻǲɣȴѵһִɫ
ĭãȥĵʱеæˡ
ǣ
ĭһ̷ȥ

ħգԶħڽ֮⡣
ˣ
ҶУ֨֨죬Ȼ̹ȻһɫӰǰ
ţһǧ֮ĺ֮ûйϵҪҵܵǰȥѹȥ
ȥѹȥ
ҶԳһЦɫӰȴʧһΪ˳
ΣΪ˲
ʵȴȻ޷
ǵǰм䣬ɹȥһһΣۻɵģˣһ죬ǻ
ҶȿɬһЦ֮£¹ȥȻɳȻ޷⿪ķ׷š
һҶȱ߶ǧͼʥɽϻȥ
Ҫʥɽ֮УһٷϢҶǿӦУңԶķ򣬻޽֮Ϸֱӽ
ಣ
Ҷȴ߶ǧͼ߳գھɽĸ߿գȻ˼һٷǰ
˲飬Գħдݶˣ֮󣬻ͥ֮£
ͥ
ҶȺһŻعͥķ񣬴Ƕ칬ԿâţȻ󵽽꣬ͥĬĬڷĺڰУ¶ǰš
ԣλȻǷġ
Է˵ͥ࣬ԳħˣΪ˵ĸĻͥȻͥˡüһ棬ѣ
ٷΪҶüͷɻ󣬺Ȼչ˫üãĿǰʵǿʸ뽣һ߶ȣǸӴӴ
ûɱԳħҶȾΪԺ󷴿Ӵ·ģû뵽ԳħôʹϢ
ʵҶҲδо⣬ɽ붯ʱڣǶ½ӶԴǳﻮԸ칬
񷴹ж֮С
ҶԳħһٷȻָġɾơն췢ٷſʼ޽֮ء
ֶ죬һֱûٷڣδʲô顣
޽֮أ
Ȼ޾ɫգȻʱݺڻ硣

Ҷȿ޽֮շУηѹ֮󣬾͵õԳħٷ֪֮أͷŸ˵ٶȣϷա
֮
޽֮вƫϵһʱգӽɵľͷȻƯٵķʣһҷ籩һֱϯռ䣬նɱκһǿߣ˵ڡ
ҶȴݽƬ籩У󣬾ͼӽֹ״̬ʱգΧؽ磬ʱգȻҶǿӦ֮£ʮɶһֱעʱո
ȻЩͨٸ֣Գħ̫ˡ
ŸӦտռϢ֮ҶȱӦϢк֮ʮʵһϢʮ٣ϰһ٣˶ﵽһٶ
ȷһɣ
ҲһɣƵԷ칬Ϊ
ҶԳħһ˾Ϣ˳ʱգڿɲʱȥŪܵʱ
һƬգϢ뷴ʱգֻһ촩ˡ
ֹʮ죬ȻһӰԶգϢ
ˣ
ӰɲǼͣסֳԳħ
Գħ
Ҷ֪ͳԳħǰǰԳħŵһģͥ뷴˺֮£ʲô
һֱһͬԸ칬֮ǰӴˣǲм뷴˺
ʷ˾ʲôı
Գħһæ̳ʵˣʵǴƷ칬Ϊţ׳ˣ칬ӲӲ֮Уû׳ԼӶԴ£ǿߣγɴȻ֮Уһ޴ŷ칬Ȼǵõ칬Ƶ˲Ż칬֣νǹͷǲŲԸ⵱ͷ񣡡
Ҷüͷһ壺˹Ȼǻеͥ
ͥ෴УģȻȿʼη˴ԣһ̲ͥ
ôֻͥһ磿
ӢԳħͷ
˵ʲôΣաУǰ뽣һ棬и׼ǣνķЩûʣһʥԾӵľӣʲô¶ɵó
õĽҶ֮ǰ뵽ģıϡ
ٻȥɣñǷ֣ҶȳĬһ󣬾Գħӻ֡
Գħֻʵͽתա
˶Է칬ΪںţΪһ칬ֵģͥ
ҶҡҡͷʮΣУҲӣȻ߶ǧͼ˲ϢңԶ֮޽֮ʱա
⿪һӡһĽҶһӣڿУ㻮һâ
Ҷȣ
̻һۣͷٲȻΪˡ
ԽΪ߶ĽӦúܿͻᱻӦҪ뷴˼棬Ӧ׼ǣ
ԽĽһϢ֮
ҶȱݣڰƯȴţ˫֣񷣬һɺ磬ϵöںڵĳһۣҲڿ֮У죬ͬһͨˣ޽֮ء


1412 Ӫ
Լӣ
ҶȺ֮ʣȻһƳǰϢϵش޽֮صвʱգž޴ѹƣǵٶȣȻЩס
ȻӰԶͬ͵һͬʵһ㣬ҶС
ǽߡ
һۣʮֿһ񽣣ݶ
ԱߣһŹѮұߵߣʮϡ

Լм׾롣
ߵѮߣɻ򽣡
΢΢ףϣӵҽˣǣϢеڶΪϢԶôޣôأ޷͸
ȷ޷͸
ʮߣһֱͷžĿ⣬Ҷȣž㵣Ȼ˵
ŶδϢޣʵѾ׷ˣ
ףգۣ˾Ҷǰ
ǸЦݣҶȵͷĵ
Ҷ򽣣ձȭɵڱ䣬Ҳڱ䣬ҪΪͥ뷴˵Ļ
֪£
λͣ£һĿҶȡ
ҶĬϣֱӵɣڣһ𸱹ǰã½ѹеһжǰ֪ͨң֮ǰҲż
ߣͬʱһһʣô˵뷨Ҳ֪
ҶȿԺͳֵ꣬׳ʿǰһĻ̾ңңˣ˭ɷ򣿲ÿˣͬǰ㣬˴ŷţֻ룬׳Լ£ɸѣͥ棬лᣬǾͻǣûлᣬҲֻǺǰˣ
ԤϵĲ࡭ˣĸңɴݲȣˣ֪ǰ޷ԽѣҲҪӭѶϡ
ˣλȻǸıǾӦ÷ԱѮߣҶȣ¶һмȻʼȰ
ҡҡͷ
ҶȣһЦҲȥ÷˿ЦûҲ֪ʵ
һһֱڰпӣ뷴˼֮ҲҪһҶҷ칬Ĵڣ
ҶȽһ˵ǰûϤһ£칬ǹߣݣɽ˿ܳΪҾ칬һս·װ׵ظɽ磬ˣһ·ΪԼ˽𣬻ΪѣֻΪŻԶ칬ֶ
㣡
ЦЦ
ҶһЦһˬˣӺѪ⡣
Ȼ󣬽Ҷȸȥ
ҶϻصܲصʱգԶ£Ѿֻʣ°ʱˡ
֮ҶȾ͸Ӧٸ֣Ŷʮ١һٸ֣ɳ˷ܲ
ЩˡҪ֮壡
Ҷ̴߶Ԫٶȥ
һȺ˷˼֮һķʿռ䣬ͣоһᣬ˷գѰҸȻأαװԼ
ҶȰ£ÿһص꣬ǲЩ˶δҶȵĴڣô٣ķ˸֣ȻˣҲЩԲ
һ֮ҶȾʸ
֮󣬾ޡ
һ죡
Ҷۣ󷽣֮գмϢС
Ƭ̣ҷֳʮϢһ룬٣඼Ƕ٣ԳħϢҲС
һ˴ң˻һ磬Ⱦ׼أΣգֱ
Ҷҡҡͷȷͬһ溺ӡ
෴ˣͬâţıСˡ
ಣ
һȵ
ʮ֣һΪҶһƳѴԳħһ֮УʮˣǷ˵
ˣΪεȻǷ˵֮һһΪҶһӦȲߣģʵ
ȷ˰£ľͷ
ˣһǸ
ͥϾ͵ˣԳħεȻߣʮֵ˵
εȻһȫྶͥЦݣͺãȿƣʵһ㣬лᣬǣһͥô꣬칬ҷ˵ʱ䣬Ҫܶ࣬һвԴ
ˣ
ˣͻȻǰӰ
ݵطǰȻһ񽣡
ˣ֮ǰҶȼߣˣˣ꣬ˡ
εȻһƳȻ󵭵˵Щ˵Ϊڵٲȡէһȥͥʵ治練ˡΪȻҲ٣һֱ͸ﵽεȵĸ߶ȣ
ôٸ֣òһˣԱһپͷȫѽ
ಣ
ˣƽȸ߶֮⣬һա
εȻֵεȻΪ֮һ
µĴ£Ҳ׹ȭ
Ǿֱ⣡
εȻһ֮ɢַɽ綯֣Ƕ֪칬һôκһ޷ǣǺһţҪ׶ˣ
Ҫֱͥӡ
֣ͥҷˣȲˣǺʸ˵ǣգǿԳΪϹͥһľ޴ʱҪƷ칬ʲô£
Ǻ֮˭£
򵥣Ը⣬ͥһͳҷˣһҪƵ칬˭һͳȫں
˵ö֮
ҶһһɨεȻαӣһгɣܵӣʵıȺ껹ƻ
Ǻ֮󣬵ʱ£ͥ𣿡뾪ȵʵ
εȻһЦǻᾡ֤ͥ£
ȻͫעˣͻȻһ£ǰãһǿߣű㷴˿أ룬˭֪ȴã⵽Ƿ˶֣
Զﴫûе£εȻƤҡͷ񶨣һЦ֮ԱǵسЦ
ͥһɽΪǷһǿвȼ룬ȫǷѪϴ
У֣ɴߣСڣǱڷжƮҡǼ룬ȴʶôҷ˸֣Ψг֣ͽǣϣܿƣ
Ǻǣ칬кηֱ˼ͥˣɢˣϲţһ⣬ֻˣͻȻȭ˵
ǿ㣬ͥ컯
ʶôļһ
ʱεȻΧǿߣʼһһ¶ģɱڡ
һЦʵĪǣǲӦǻǸСᱻˣȫĨɱ
εȻһЦϣҪ֣ʶʱΪܣҷ˺ǻһǺ£
ͥԸĬĬضԿ칬ؾεȻ롣
ǿṩдԴεȻȻ


1413 ʵ
Դ
εȻΧһǿߣͻȻʼ䳰Ӷ˶ɱ˶ˣģ
ʶô
һ٣ͷɱ
εȻסٴʵ֣Ͳϸϸһ¡һУлأ
һ˿ɫ䷴ЦˣǲǴ㣬Ҫû̲ͥҾվб£̲ɣ
ѡȴѡ·գô֣ӳҷ˵𣿡εȻڲαװһң˷͵һ֡
ಣ
ʮٸ֣˲ϢӰһһΪһԲȦպðѽ֣ͥΧˮйͨ
з˸ָ֣һײУĿ¶׹⣬ʼĥǶ٣Ҫ˽ˡ

ȴһЦÿˣûаֻţŽͷżᶨޱȵɫ
ԾˣһսǷˣһ֮ѣһȺǱ߹ɣǿͥ
ɱһεȻ˺һżһԿֳ֣ʮٸ֣˶֡

ʮٸ֣һ٣پͷȣ׷׳ˣɱ
ʽ

̤һ
Ȼ֣һһɽγɲһ㣬ΪģٿȻɢɱĶٸǡ
ݣ
ͻȻ
͡
ǶٵǿߣСƣ練˵ͥҪ֮ʱͷŵƣԵش̵÷飬һˣŶѪۣɳȥ
ʣһ룬Ƕٸ֣Ȼû£ȴʮ־ΪԳԽǵ
ֻǽһԿʮٵĽڶϻ£칬׷ɱȻҲжٵĲ롭
ҶˣţӦлģǰĸ߶ȡ
ʣҲһ٣ӵнӽľ
ȻǰΪδͥһֱɽԭ
䣡
һ˿·
ˣͬʱɱķٸ֣ÿˣȻӵгԽΪǿ
ؼǻȻ壬ֱӳռƵĸ֡
ڽһݵεȻڵһ
ԭʵ˾ˡεȻɫܲÿ̫֪ʵͲѡͥΪС
ΪѣȳΪˣҪǿ򱶡
ڣһж޷ֲ
εȻ㷴ʵЩֻ֣ҪܽΣϣ󷴹˲ҪͥΪУȻԹͬԸ칬
Ȼ֣ɵճյ˾ӣǱ˲ͷϣƭ֮󣬶Ѫˡ
ããǷ˵ȷдȣ£ֵ̽ľ
һ
֪ƣԶԶ˽
ϴ󷽵վǣȻķԣΪ˷˵ķչ˵ǿԲӡ
Ǹ
ˣεȻվһƳۣ׷׺ˣԳħҲУ˺һ֮⡣
ʵжǿ
һͷһһֱ֪⣬ҶȵԺðһɽ絽ɽ磬޽֮أĸ֪ͥ
񣬽Ȼ칬ͨϵһˣΡ벻
꣬칬ɳâŰļϸǱͥδɹԸȻ֮
棬ҲҶ˸뷨εȻ⸱ģһսԣµֻﵽһ룬Ǵʵʩչȫ
ݣ
ͻȻջӳһƻɫգͻأεȻ
εȻüͷһ壬֮ӶұָۣһţΪȭͷڽ֮ʱһ̤һȭ
¡
ȭͷԿ
˭Ҳ޷ռϷ磬ǣεȻȭͷ΢΢ռϷ磬סķâɢȥ
ڶ
ɴݣƺεȻסĽûκξȣ⣬һж·ƿ֮С
ͣ
һͻȻ֣ĽʼЩޣܿͱһʵĳ
Ũȣһˣ򵥣УҶԵʮ˷ܡ
ݣ
ʱһ֣㵱մεȻ
ƣ
εȻƺҲӶ˫֣ģȻں֮Уһƣȥ

ھģ񼫴ڽ֮ϣ
꣡
һΣǽ飬Ǿһѷ죬Ȼࡣ
ȣ
εȻƴĺȻ󣬾ƿʼںϸӰԵʼӵѷ죬ʼ̡
ಣ
ٿȻʧ
εȻʵȷǿͥϣ˸Ԥ˶Ը칬һ£Ժ֮⣬£ͥ͵ģһΣ΢΢һ䡣
ֻǣεȻڿռ䣬ָһץ

ָĽεȻϷεȻ󺧲ѣ˲䣬˿ǿȵĽ
ָεȻͷͨʱͻȻһâһ㣬ָʼںϳһεȻͷľ޽
ٿ
޽̩ɽѹ͵ƣεȻ¡
εȻȻѡܣ붼Ҫƽ⣬һΣûͷŹǴȻѡ˷
룡
һ̷ͻȻϷ
˱״
ʿףϵɣ׾ģεȻͷŵķһʮ
ΪȻĴҶȾͶڷʵ˸˽⡣

յתյľ޽ڷոγɣͻأѹ
⣬صشڱ׷֮ϡ
꣡
ڶһǳ˰Ե˲ʹ̵ñ׷ѷ죬Ȼ¡һ
׷һͱ޽̵ֱӷ飬ը޽һƿۿεȻѾһ֮¡
üģŰԵľ޽
·һ̡
¡
޽Ȼһ޽εȻüģεȻŤˣֵĲǿ־壬޷š
ٿ
޽ȴһ̣ȻֹңͬӰʧڵգεȻȴȻ𺳣ع񣬿򽣣û뵽ʵԶ֮ϣ
ҵǿǽûнûң̫֣ǹͥⲻ𣿡һЦȻǸ
ߣ
εȻˣȻһ֣תһڸ֣أŲĶȥ
ˣΪθղŲɱ֣ʱߣһˣŲʵ
ٿȻʧͬͨˣ΢΢̾ɱǾͳ뷴˺Ƥһˣͥ˵նɱˣҲôף
װ׷ߣЩġ
˻ǾЩϧ
칬ǶһȺ߹ˡ
ͻȻǰգһЦ֣أ
ɱȥɧŶԸ칬Ǹã
ҶӽעУֳ
λлСֵܣǵУٻЩʧҶȣһ㣬һҲ˫ͫͷֿЦݡ


1414 Ϊֵܣ1
ûңȻ޷óѣ
Ҷȴݣ򾲵뽣̸Ц
֣ʶ˺ɡ
ղСֵ˼Īʲô뷨˫֣ͬ䡣
ɽ綯೬һţҲܵһɽ磬Ż𣬴ǿ߽ɽ磬ӶԴ£練ˣǾɳ֣½緢ƣ
ͥкжȺ۲ͥô꣬Կ칬˵ʵڵģδҡ칬ǽֵܲŬǿ󣬶칬ʵȻͷ֮һˣǰĴڣ˼칬в٣һ񣬽޵Уô񡭡˵ʵͥδ칬
һĻҶȿ渵
һĪǳͷ
ҶȲδе档
ԽΪԼΪͥ䣬Ȼ֪ͷĴڣû˱ǣ˽칬
ô꣬칬⣬ͥյһУû˿Ա⡣
Ҷ׵ȷһżȻӦ칬ұ£ȴ˵ҡûǸʸ񣡡
ǰ칬νĹ붼룬һΪǸ߸ϵӣ
Ҷȣֿǰɫգ˼ã͸һĺͥ齨꣬ҡ괨ȵ칬ɱӵĵ̣˵Ĳǵȷûк칬ǣȴʱʱһ칬ͷϣ޷ҲһδεѶϡ
Һܺ棬ΪģҪ칬ĺȻ¼ŵģҶȲʳһһֱ֪ɻ
Сֵܣش֮ǰȿ㣬һɽ磬ɱ칬̳ʱǷˣͷ֮ʱ㲻ɵۣѴﵽڣɹ£˵㲻ʲô
תҶȣͥҴͥƷͥΪҡһصصĹˣ
뵽ҶȾš
ϸԪ֮ʣҵĸĸǿߣӦб仯̤磬칬Ȼǿзӡͨڣǿ޷̤ݣԪֻϹǿߣδһ籩ɽ飬ģ֮һңպôĸ׸еϧˣҲֲضļԪΪҴҵĸĸǿУںһһͬѹһ֮УҽʱϹͥ
Ȼͫ˸һĸ֮⣬ĵ˸ţҡͷ̾ϢǣϹ֮ͥһͬһɣ̲ĽУϹͥԴڵֵסԪ֮İ䣬ǿ߱ģֻм˰ˣңΪں֮飬Ϊˡ֮塯µļԪ֮˯ǧ꣬ϹͥϣµļԪңңµļԪ½ͥʱһ֪ҵΪӣ֪ǾȻҵҸĸʬǣǵʬ壬ӵǱ񽣣УͬʱµļԪϹй࣬ʼȫʢʱڣµɽˣʥɽšޱڲħа̡壬ҲеùԪĻµļԪǿ󣡡
Ϊ֮ңϹͥʹϤϹͥȻҸĸʬǣΪеԴңҲʼһЩʲĹˣĨɱңʼɽ磬ѰһЩ壬ʣǵΪУΪؽϹͥʲô鶼óԼˣҪĨɱοԪˣҶԹͥѾʧߣȴֱץȥǿаѹǧꡭ
Ƕ£˵Ǹ߸ϣ֮ӣΪڼ䣬ǻڵ֮飬̫ҵĸĸͨҸĸϹżԪ֮ĩǰеľǿߣһںϣ˲֪ܣγǶʧˣ뵽ӴĶᣬץסʱɽУһ֮ӣ׼ǿ֮ʣûץסᣬҷˣﵽٵȻɱӡӳϹͥ
һ̣ұҪ֣ҸĸڴþȫϹͥ˯꣬ٴǱϹͥڵõҵ񽣱𣬱㴴ˡͥ
죬˵ꡣ
˫֮ͫ⣬Ũң֮ϣʹϣһ
û뵽ϹͥϸԪ֮ĩļԪչġѱ𺳵Ҷȣ벻Ľֱһ
ĸȫһػϹͥأ
ͻȻһ֮ԱǵЦݣֿҶȣϹ֪ͥݣһֱ׼Ʒ칬Ѱҽİ취Щ꣬Ϲͥϣɽ֮Уһ˵ʵ޳ܣǾһȺСˣͥҲһ
Ϊη칬ȴϹͥأһҶֵõһؼ⡣
ЦϹͥǿ󣬲칬Ѿ˽⵽һ㣬Σڹͥһһ֡ҡǿĹͥǰҪȴᣬԸǣһͣ칬꣬ӳ֮ͥħһֱűϹͥʱո칬ִԾӣɽе칬ǵΪϹͥҲûʲôֱһǣһǻȥͷ֮磬칬ֶΣҾͲ˵ˣ¶ĵǣǾȻһƿأϹΪھ棬˰ֲǷˣΪ˻ūҹҹΪ칬ھ棬ֱ֮ݽߡľһŭ֮ұ֣ȳһ֣칬ѣСǴȳģ

û뵽Ҳǰˡ
칬ʱҲصңӦңԱ칬ĹΪӣӣȻҪһң־˲ٵķ˳˽칬һܣЩ꣬Ǵδҵ׷ɱһϹͥһ칬Ȼѡ񷴿칬αϹͥҪһͳɽ磬ЩʵϾɵʵħа̡塢ʮֵǿ󣬲Ϲͥ
ԭˡ
ֵܡ
ͻȻתٴزȵؿҶȡ
лֱ˵˽ͥĹȥҶ֪ûаˡ
һ̣ϢĿ⣬ֹΧпռ䣬ҲˣҽΪͬˣΪֵΣ
ͬˣֵܣ
֮ͬɶ䣬ҶȵԺϵرڡ
ͻȻ˫֮ͫУ޾ı׳ҵֵܣߣҹ¶һҪһֵܣʱܷΪ³ʱϣһֵܣ·Ϊҵһƣϣֻ㣬ʸ񣡡
֮£һǲȱġҶȱı׳֮شһɵöˡ
ǰԡӳϹͥ칬һ̣ҾͽԼһ£֮꣬һ㣬׬һ㣬˵죬Ҿͱ칬ץסǱϹͥѹ
סܵһ𣿡
ͻȻرۡ


1415 Ϊֵܣ2
סӢۣ
̫صһʻ
ҶףļУͬһûˣиˣڿУС
ǽǡյš
ȷӢۣϿ㣡
¼ű˫ָ֣ͫƽӢۣôҲһλӢۣǺǣνԣ㲻֪ҺĽ𣿡
ĽңãҶЩĪͷԡ
ӢۣעǼįǱ׳ģΪӢۣҪеһУһˡԶһˡ㣬Է֮ɱ칬أʱող̤ɽ磬ɽľͷȻһ㲻η壬ֻɱ칬̳ɽ綯ġ֮Ǳͷ֮磬ܾȳôķߣɵԼ֮;ݺ磬ԣĳɾ޷ġ
ÿ˶Ӣ۵ͬǲͬģͬĳʦҲһĲȣһͬͬңǵȷ֮£Ǵ壬̫ˣʵ̫ۣˣˣͲϣˣǵĵ·ȥ㣬Լͬͷ֮ǰ㣬޾ȥϣһ㣬ˣ£ǧҪע뷨Ҫ˵ΣʲôʲôȥѪ˰ɣ
һ̣Ž˵꣬ͬ˰㣬֣صذѴ֣Ҷȵļͷ
һѪ⡭
ҶͻȻһҵ֪ĸо˳ն죬ûĸˣȥ֪뷨
ǣ
һˣһİˣȻ˵뷨
ҶȺɣ֣뽣Ĵ֣һ𣺡磬һ졭һ㣡
ֵܣû뵽ʧȥһֵܣֵõһֵܣ찡ͬңǾң
˴һ̣ҶȣĿǿȣҲͬģһ˻һЦ
ҶͻȻ̧ͷͫ˸һ⣺Ӵˣأɱ칬Ϲͥȥ磬һͬһ죬ұ˹Ҳ룬ңҶȣ죬Դģ
ʱһЦø죬ֵܣ˵ǱΪįˣħа˶Զ㣬ҽΪĴ磬㹲ͬܺڰįԴģ
磬Ҳ֪ҵʵˣ
һ̣ŻһҶȵߣٿȻʧһۣΪֵֶۣܣֶӣҶȣִϡ
ֶ죡Ȼһһġ𺳡
ҲҶȣ֣û취İ취ߣһᵱ˽ҿģˡ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲô
ֵܣʲôԣ
ȻΪֵܣλֵܣȻҲҪСһԴ㣬һǣ
λֵܣǸӺ
Ҷɽص֪ټܳΪֵܣȻҲǵ
ಣ
˲䣬һٷ·ɽͷȥ
ҶȿȥٷȻ磬Ϊ֮ϣؼǣûеģȻǵĴ磬ҵλֵܣһΪն죬Ҹ̤ɽ磬ɽ磬ģǵڵ
һն죿絹֪ɽĴڣԪ֮ڵҲйһ֮ԵǾǰľǿߣ޷ӢۣύԸԳ
ҶֽһλֵܣΪħڷʶģںܶǰһѹȻ˵Ϊ̫ʼΪֻ֮ţձ̫ʼѹڷ磬
̫ʼѼ칬һ֮ţ֮ͨ󣬹ħϲ
¶ȻЦݡ
ಣ
ʮ֮
ȻӰ·޽֮ʱգϵطٶȣɽһƽء
λնֵܣұһλħǳħ𣡡·ǿʵ˵ϢΪ
ϴôżն֣д£
аϤƿն
ٿȻն죬һԾ߿գʱûбҶΪˣ
ն죬ɵãͬʱǿϢ
ЦҲ
Ҷʩչ޷ʱ˫Ŀռ䣬ʱںһ˵ԣҶȿʼܵǵĽݴ硭ͥ䣬
ݴ磿նƣȻһЩ̫ͻأֻĪ֪Էǽ¶֮⡣
ĪǣûʸΪǵĴ磿һЦ

նƣ棬ȻͬʱһЦǰʩҶһͬ򽣺磡
̣һ𣺡˼˼û뵽ҽʧȥһֵܣŵõһֵܣֵõֵܣһ¡ֵܣ
ħһЦֵܣ
ԣӴԺǱͬˣնû֮ǰ⣬ΪƣҶȵ۹
ȻûжٽѾѽ֮ˡ
˵վһһǿƣֳڲͬ޽֮صĸ߿ȻȻƵС
ţҶһ磬նóԵеƣȶؿ
Цһֱڽڳš
ȵĲ࣬ÿ˶ɣƺȻҶȣˣϴȥħڣҵӣ
ֵܣҲ⣡ն뽣һոպ£һͬҶȡ
ȥħڣǲġ
Ҷȴ⣬ȥħڷ飬ԭԭ˵˳
˵֮һ˶
նȿڣɽۡһħ֮Ȼ뿪ɽһ׷ħ棬һ¸ˣ
ħʵôǿһս⡣
Ҷ̾ǿõħ˵أĳΪиħϵʵȻֻ٣ʵӦеһȣ
ܣĵ˵Ŀɲ٣
һڣУҶȡն졢ƶоλġ
ȿħȻֿնҶȣħڵʵе̣ħڵһǿİˣȻδйʣҵĲ֮УйֵԶ٣ӰӶ޷
硭е㲻ˣƺ˵־Լġ
ಣ
ˣ֮ʣͻȻһ߶硣
һˣǻҪȥ
֪һżӦһ
ն쿴򽣣һģô£
û£ħҲʲô
˼һᣬһһҶȡն졢ƣڿڵԴֵ֮һֱŰ취֪̽ͽâŵ䡭ڵ֪Ҫ뿪칬̳ȥɽ磬ִҪǾһᣬնɱͽԼֵ֮飡
ն̰סȭͷ£Ǵ£Ҳǵ£ҶͶ칬ˣɱ
Ҳ˼Ҷȵͷ
ҾͲ˵ˣҲӦ𽥸߻̫ʼҳħˣһЦʮֲĸо
ڵͷȻˡֵܣһͬжǣâͽͷŤҲ칬һθۣ


1416 
ɽ磬޾ʱա

һжʮˣ޽֮ɽ߿֮С
ǰ񽣵Ľ
Աߣȴòİ·ͥĸ֡
ˣҶȡն졣ħɣȻԸĿ칬˱αװûݣôͱ¶ݣڵڡֶ켫Ϊ
֮УΪ꿴򽣣磬ɷ
ͷףһѮߣҶȵ֮һ
߹ˣ̽ӣһֱβ棬ǱǰһƬɳ֮У̽ӵ֪칬ˣҪǰⷽɽ֮ң
֮ңԱİӣ΢΢һ
Ҷ󣬽½磬һУȻüɽ磬˴룬ɷϣһЩ©֮㣬ɢɽ磬½磬Ǵδ칬ִߴȻѰ飬ʱɳâŵɽѹ飬ƺʲôΣ
ĵ˼
ĺȻüͷһնƣ칬Ϊڣʲôɸ˵ܣø칬⵹Ƿһ磡
նƵͷ
ֳ˼һ󣬼̿Ѯߣϻȥá괨סֵܣҪȥ߶
ǣ
ߴ֣޽֮ء
ಣ
Ҷȡն졢ƣʮ֣ͥһǰա
ûãһΪľ޴ɳǣ¶ڴ֮ϣ԰Ƶˣڿʼؽ档
һˣԶԶƯڰա
ˣɳǣͷǿӦҶСǧͨһ㿴˵ǳأΪǡһϡռƿأԼǧƾʷ
ԭǼҵĵڣ
նŵҵȷɽУһļֻӵ֮ʱգٳ߶ֻЩǿߣڹ֮Уռʿʵǿ󣬴ӸӦ칬ִߣȷмٵĴڣΧɳشˣǾۼǵȷһŵʵ
Ҷȿ򽣣磬Ǳȥ
նһۣ˽Եͷ涣ǺãҾܣǺϢСâţ½ģһٸ֣ΪӼͥռˣһӽĴڣ칬ڳͷǵȹ֮£
Ӽ
һ𳬼ǿߣҶƵûжپȡ
ֻҪ칬Ϲϵûвܵ¡
Щģٴâš˵ΪȻǶ٣ʵȴﵽ٣һǿ߻Ҫǿһ֣âһףϵɵȻȻ֮ΪâҪնɱԭǴһͻ٣ôѶԸ˵칬Ǳӣϴγɹ칬شͥôȻõ칬֮˵ѴﵽΪҲһΪͨ
â
Ҷһݺ棬ȻȻ֮ȻǾ׵Ĳ
ٺ٣ǰҲκβǣ
ƲŲʲôʲôͨȻǸ
˼ն뽣Ŀ£ǡ
֮
ǳذգȻڹա
Ʒ·ڡ
գҶֶûֱӽɳǣٿȻ𣬸պ÷ɹϿյ˽ٶȥ
ٿ
ˣ֪ôһ£ǰɫͻȻһڣվͳգңվһֻ޴ޱȵĴ֮С
ġ
ˣǼʶȵͨΪڣѾǱǿƿأԵ͹
Ϊǻɷ棿һĮ
˶ӣսսش𣺡ǰãǿ飬ͻȻϮǣɱҼҸ֣ɾɳǣҲ𣬲Ԫ񣡡
ֱ𣺡ʵΣǱѹˣ
˵ֻ飬Ƕģһ١پͷҼ֣ˣҿʱ칬ִ߼ʱ֣ȼңˣ飬֪ȥ˺δ
칬ģ
ģǼ칬ִһֱ磡
ȥ
մ֣ͻȻѹͷ˱㱻գһӵ׹գ֮ǰʼָʶֻһãȻ
ϴû뵽Щ©飬Ǵ㣬ӵжٵҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ڷɳ֮УȺ֮Уûʲô֮
ҶȿֻͨʿȺУһԣħа꣬һߣһעΧһУֻҪ󲿷鱻ѹС飬ҲһţǾͷֻ֣бѹˣ
У۲һȻֱʩչͨδαװ롣
ϴ󣬲ٶϢȷһǿϢӦǴᵽĲӼ
룬һ޴磬ʮϢˡ
ҶƺУڽߴʱգӦһռڣǿϢƸӦٴڡ
칬ִߡĲ٣ˣʮ𣬴һٵͳͳУ⼸٣ӦþǼҵǿߣǿߣҲǶ٣
ţҶһӦϤ׼ȷϢ
ϾԴӦ֮УףһϤգһ칬ۣӽӣҶȵĿ⡣
âţ
꣬ϻһĻΪҶĨȥļ䡣
һӢ׳ȥ
һеģǸӦӣâš
һĨɱ⣬â߲ԶһǿϢ
칬ִߣӵһƬռ䡣
룬âţһ𳤷ߣ˫üƵӥǸ˺ƿռķâѹ
ʣ˱칬ǿߣӼ
ƲƲ죬ɭɭ˵ϴЩǰ˵ǲ濹ģǲӼ߰ǿ󣬵ʵﵽٸ߶ȣ˵֣ǵԵӼҲκβǣһ֣߶Ӽرնɱ˼һƾ˶Ӧοֶ˴磡
ˣҲܾö֮濹⣬ɵɱһǧȥߴ磬пһһҶƵͷ
ಣ
ħʱת׷ɳ硣
ô죿
Ǹô죿
Ҷȶһˣһʱ䣬Ȼ䣬һƬӵмٵĿռ䣬ͳ̾Ϣ
ʱҶȸϸͷŸӦԭǼҼ٣뼸ڸ֣һʲô
ô죿ߴ飬ӿ롮ʪ֮֡ǸӦҼңеġءԴ֮ոγɣǱȻҪɸԴЩ飬֮ǣʮа˾ţǸܵصĴڣ
Ҫǣ칬װնɱҼǧҪһ
ǲá칬ôˣҲΪض𣿡
ɣأһֻдﵽ٣ֻгΪ棬ʸ֪Ĵڣ칬֪ģ
ҵ칬֪ɽ綯칬ȻҪػɽ簲𲽹ǵĵλ
һȺǿߣﲻءš
ϧһС޷ӹҶȵĶ䡣


1417 
أֻжټ棬ʸ֪Ĵڣ
һҶȻë˲
ǻҪϾǵĲظ
Ҹ߲ϸϸš
ಣ
һԪӡҶ˫һϣӿȻ󵱿һ㣬Ԫӡƿնȥ򽣡նơ
ҶȼǱ֮¡
Ҹ̸߲δ漰ظܡ
ͻأ䣬Ҷһһ䷢ˡ
Ҹ߲㣬иֶۼĿռ䣬Ȼʮ칬Ӱһռ䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣռΧǿߡ
ʯ䣬ҶȵĸӦУһ⣬Ծ֮ռ硣
ãʧȥӦˣ
ڣҸʮˣֱʱŷֲԣȻһһ߶ӡ뿪ռ䣬ϧռȫǿơ
ҵλκηͽ͵ģ
Ӱһռ䣬ȻΪһ޴ģʮ𼾼Ҹ֣ձ𸡿գȫûз֮һһ𺳵ض֡
ֵǰâһ칬ֳִ
ӼˣʰȺϣâŽһĴݣǿ֮ȴӶһָ̰
ˣ
Χ칬ִߣӭӲӼĵ
칬ۣڲͬǣһƯ𹬣ӵ̺شͨ
ӼâߣκȤâ֣ΣҲһֱ칬Ĵڣıӻ֮ˣӦúúǹͨ
˵ǣ
âѾ˵ļҸ֣ΪߵĶǿߣɽ綯ķ߲Ϊ칬ߣѵͲһ
âŴˣǵȻľô꣬һֱ칬հҸͣƿ칬ִ߿ǵĳϡ
ھǱʾĵʱ̣칬Ҫأ̵̣ѹңΪص󿴻ߣǼңǲӦðأ׸칬칬ڣǱڣ칬ҡҲֻˣ
أ
âһҵĸ֣ĵ£Ƿˡ
ǲɵӣ칬ֻһͷֲԸ⣬İ칬Լˡ
˳ĬâЦЦ⴦أһԪ֮ãбССң޷ػģóɣ칬ǼңӴʽ칬ΣӦ֪ɽ壬׷׼칬칬ɲʲô˶ӵģ
һ𼾼ҵĶˣεعâŴˣ¹ش󣬲Ҽһ飬¾ԣҼҺܿأӲܰѱܣй¶ȥ
âͻȻֱâɣ˫ͫŷҴ칬칬ǲΥ־ģԡǼңǲؽ칬ңӴ˲ٴڣǣʿҲǣΪ
⡭⡭
в
ˣ̼䣬ȫ칬αװԭǲһȺĶǡ
ôȥ칬հҪôֻл𣬻֮һжڡâȻûһ˿˲Ƹˡ
ݡ룡
ٴγĬ칬£һеΣˣ
ȥҸ޷סܣʱȥˣ
ҶһУȻ칬Լҳ֣ʹһ϶ȡأǶâ֣ɱ칬ִߵûᡣ
ಣ
ͬݰ㣬ʧգۣͳڷϿա
һ˸Զ߿֮УҶ뽣ն졢Ƶʮˣ
Ҷǰʵĵܣջ񣿡
Ҷ̰ţǰһ̣âԴ칬ͻȻԼҸֳ֣ȫƿأҪػأӦҪΪ칬֮
칬ģֵܵģһЦǸ޾̰Цݡ
ͻȻֹסħ𣺡ܣɲ̰ͼأ
˵ļǣأȥһվڳն죬ʱҲһ֮ɫֽ֧
Ҷƣɻ󲻽⡣
͵һִ˵һ˵ӵĴڣ̣ҲһԪ֮ãΪ֮أǰһʥأˣǿĴڣԴǶɽ֮ʥأγһƬǰδеԴԴԴһԴǴɽȻԴγɵģʱٶɻ֮γɵԪ𣬻ʥطǨƵȣеĵ£еһУǳأὥԴǣӡջ֮֮ںϣʣһһľһɳΪԴγһγޱߵڣôϸԪǸ֮ǰȻһǿʢʥء
ʱҶƣעû뵽أֵ
Ҷ̾ô˵һƻأһˮһԴᷢ仯󣬳Ϊļ֮أƬʱնܵӰ죿
նŽͣǿŵˣڣʿ壬ǵǵһУֻҪǴʥ֮ڣôЩʬ壬Ϊһ֣һ򿪣˭õеıɽϹŵƻ칬ᣬһأôɵֽͬԪ㣬׻ʧ
һЦ¶ݵĿ⣺ܵ˼ӦúˣΪˣΪ˿ĵĴߣӦñأȵɽҪʱкȥأȻһƬȳһ
ʼ硣
ãɱâţִߣ½طӡһ飬Ԫ˿˵ʪ֮УƺҲΪӶȥָӦһֻҪҵϢͿҵʪ֣֪֮ҶҲҪֹ칬ƻɵ
磬ŲںɽĴ
ãն졢ƶͬ
¡

һ̣һװıըǱˣأʼ𶯡
תȥǣ𽥳Ϊը磬칬ִƯڸ߿գǣͷŹ
ǣҪǣаʿ
ʹźڱըлص
ɶ񡭡ҶͻȻһ衣
ĵܣˣҪ֣ѾˣɱȥҲȲһˡ֪ҶΪȻ仯ԭס
һԵĳƣҲȥˣģʵЩˣôѵͨˡҼҶ칬ǾȻµ֣
¡¡¡
һ̣ը棬ϯǡ
˸ӦףǸӦУһϢ˲䶼δ¡
ʿգ۾ôûˡ
ն쿴ǷŭֶΣħаҲɲȴԳɽִߵġʹߡƣ֪칬¶֣ǻüı䡭ҲΪ
ɱˣֻɱˣӲ޹˰ն֣һΪħͷ칬ֱС׼ף
ħ𲻸ĵƲƲ죬Ǹ˵ƣǿʢ֮


1418 ʪ֮
ͥЩꡭ
ͻȻڡ
Ҷȡն졢ƶУع򽣡
ǰѻΪǣָֻ֮ͨ⡣
칬־ͷˣҲգۣͷĨɱˡ
һֱڷ칬ǼΣ칬ִɵɱ¾ɽ磬һңԶͨϲʱУ칬֪ǲ֮УԶŴһȥֻǸһƣ
һưˡ
˵ƣֱɣ˻Ƶ̾һȥԴĲ磬ˣ˲ֱǼȮһΣһǿߣ޽֮صõһ칬ΪҳȻ½磬ڵˣˣҪЮǿǿû취ԹԳ칬棬һɱˣǿߣգһһħԱĵȥĳͷ֮磬Ѻķߣ඼ʲôˣ޾ܵĥĥΪΣͥһֱĬĬ칬ԭ򣡡
ɱ飬磡ħϸһ֣ϾҪɱ˵ĺ⡣
Ҷȡն죬ĸѹǹɱ˳嶯
ಣ
ʱ칬ִǰ̺ͬһĲԭطȥ
Ŀ칬ִȥıӰָͻȻ֨Ħ֮ӦȥѰأֵǣǲΪ˽𣬸ΪɽδµǵóѣŹһˣ
ȻѾʲô˽˶Թˣ
ͬʱͷȻĸȥ
칬ִ֮ң˾룬Ҷȵһֱβ档
ʱһȥȻ׷ҶȺȻ뵽һ⣬򽣣磬ȥ칬֪ۣ칬ѹںδ
ۡ
ž⣬˵ɽУǿĴڣȼģ˵ֻвɽѹǰҲ۵Ķ֣ʥޣԽ壬Խ壬ޣϧ屻Ϲ֮ͥʱֱ칬ַ֣ѹĵܣкιϵ䣬ʶɣŶˣĪڳͷ֮磬ۣ
ţСڳͷ֮磬ǲҲѣ˳ƻͷ֮磬ǡһֱţҪȳ
۱칬ԹѺĳ֮أǵҽ칬Ƕڼ䣬Ҳֻʱ˵δȴ֪칬ΪҪѹ۵ԭ򣿡
Ŷ
£ҶȻûеõ۵ľѺڣȴϤ۱칬ѹԭ
նƣҲϸ
渵屻Ϲͥ𣬲֪Ϊ˺εԭ򣬵ܲΪ˹ͥԼҰģ칬ʱһЩǿ߽ӴģһЩ칬ѹľͷ٩ǲΪƺ̸ʣȴң칬Ϊץסۣ˼񣬴٣칬Ƕ˵̵ģأ񣬱ۻնɱɣŻ칬ع࡯֣ѹۣҾ뿪칬Ӫ˵ʱ̣ڹ칬ƿصķУǾȻһǿʥѪ־綾Щҹھ棬Ҫˣһע䣬ע֮ǾȻӵǿΪūϵھ򣬵ʱע֮ˣ˵һ仰˵۵ľѪõҩ
ҶȭͷȻ֨֨Īǡǻڳ۵ѪҺЩҪˣǣǰۣ⵱һ߶ѣ
ǵģʵǱ׳һεȵǿߣȻ칬ѹҹԶΪṩѪҺиֵ˵
ɱ칬
Ҷȶʱðɣδ뵽ǰĴܣ㱻ѹҲܵĥ
ɡ
ɽ౻ѹķߡնҲҡҡͷ
ĵܣҪӪۡ˵㣬޷ɵģǱһһ٣ǿɱ칬ҪӪۣﵽٵĸ߶ȣ
磬칬׷ɱ׽һѪߡĪǣ
Ҷȵ٣еǻᣬԸ칬Ȼ뵽һ棬ԭĳ
ͷѪߣӵǿʢĴڣǵѪҺȻЩΪūˣõ֣칬һֱѰѪߣǵľѪһūע䣬ѪߵѪҺҲ޷֤ǲᱻģԺԽӴ棬Żף
顭ԭģ
칬ץȥķߣΪ๤ֻвͣھ
Ϊū
ҲԶǷ֮Уͷϣ칬ִߡ
ǰһĶ
һ̸֪ǰȥ
ȻħüĴеһ⣬΢΢һ
ʪ֣֮֮أնһۣͷԼĸӦ׷׿ǰԽա
ƺһֱϸꡣ
ǸеأƯڷУҡҷţգ׹·أ޴һƬڵĹֺ
ֺϿΧѰİɫֺûκĽһƬž
ֶȻγɣ޴ֺںϡֺ룬ȻһϢһŨңԼԼݳ
ʮ֣ͥʱʪ֮ǰ칬Ѿ붾һʱ䡣
ҶȵĸӦףϴ߶ԴѾӦ붾ںϾƬʪ֮С
磬˵ҲӦ֮ǰʪ֣֮ȷһֺ
ȻҶԺСǧ
Ҷһ⡣
˵ˣ˭С
ʣˣȥδ֪ʱգͨȻӦڲͬĴڡ
Ҷںʱ׵õСǧһ̣ҶȾͽ˵Ըֻȥ¼ɽδ֪磬ܡȥƻɽһ޾Ĺء
ԴôһƬȻӲǿ˸Ӧ֮С
ʮǿߣСģƬ֣֪Ȼں˶꣬һԪ治κεɵǧҪɣ߶Ϣɣ
ǣˣֹͣɣͬһ㡣
ʮˣһͬʪ֮С
öޣʬǡ
Ÿոս붾֣ͼݵϣһ߾߳Ϊ׹ǵʬǣģҲӴ޵ġ
˶оһɵĶӿ߶
֮УĳʪΪĺڰƯڰգеγˮ飬һ£ͻᱻˮѷ֨֨졣
ûڵΪʪֱ֣֮粽УûͨҲ𽥱ӿ
Ȼ˻֣ʪֲֵ֮ľŶȻʢĴţеĻĶ޶ߣı
ƶ޶ħ֡
ʬ࣬Ҳжٵģʬ壬ƺʪ֣֮ûʲôĶ
ֲֲ
ء
ȻҶȼͷſŲޣлһ
ǰ塭
ҶͷǿӦ˲ϢһɹǿʢϢǰĶУǱš


1419 ӻս
Ӧޣ
һ̾裬
ֱͫ⣬Ӷ·𿴵ʲô
˻˻
һṦ
ִһƬ֣˷ľߵĸӾˣеĴﵽǧ֮ߣɫһ
ڴ˿̣ҶӣһһɻҪҶʼŻһѪ𣬴ˡ
ն߳һʶʱƣˣܴݾߣֻϢЩޡ
ħ𲻾һЦЩĪ⣬ն쵹ǿˣЩ⣬ײײļ򣺡ٺ٣õģϴһֱҪִЩޣñϴѹΪɱ˹ߣ
𣿡ؿҶȣֿѹȶĶ
ͣ
ɹգͷų˵ĶҺҺڲݵ붾ľ֮ϣ̱ʴһӡ
ľ綾
ҶͻȻһմ󺰡򡱣ֻһǳ֮ӿֱֹƿصĿռ䣬ںһ壬ȫĪأʧֻһֻ
˫ͫ侪ȣ
ٿ
պðжǧͼСǧʱ
֮󣬵ʯ䣬һʮɶ೤ߡ
ǿȻֻˮͰִ󣬲ǰǣ򣬲ٶȣȴ֮ǰĶ
Ϊ磬ĿУݳ붣ĵܣģʪ֮еΪЩߣȻʮ
ಣ
ձϣ
ʮߣǰУϵر䣬ſ죬һô󣬾һ籩ɨҶȡ
˲Ϣ򣡡
Ҷûƶ֣ϯͻȻһݡ
һǳ֮⣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣɲǼӿֻΪֹĿռ䣬ʮߣһرǳ֮Χһһƾʧ
Ȼָֻƽ

û뵽ޣҶͽˣһ֣ն졢ƣҶȻϣ˼ǰ
һ·֮ϣζϮҶ׽մǧͼڣһһѹ
֮󡭡

ն졢ơҶƯһƬï֮ǰȻһ޴ӣӦȻݶɣֱô޴
ңһȼհĶףϵش壬ڶ
Χһٶִߣػš
أӦþ֮£ԭûеģȻϵĵ䣬ȻĥԴݣһӣ½ܺ׵õڵĴ
ˣ˵չżϼ¼ԴҲһЩԴ壬Ϊǿ飬ǣȻҲػߣӼâִ߽ҪȡҪѹеߣһߣǿҲһɵǿյļ֡
նüͷһӣջĿ⣬ˣǵðһٶִȽȻԵ󣬷ӡӣŹһִߣлһҲܲˣ
лð취һ޳ɣֵԸӼâţǰף칬ִߣȥ֮ˣػˣҪٺܴս
ҶȲ˼򽣣磬ΪߵģȻ㣬Ϸֹ칬֧ԮǲӼâߣаգ˱֮Уִߣ
ǺãȻվ
ԸЩִߣҪϢ磬Ͳó֣˵ģ
Ҷն졢ƵͷȻϢ֮ϡ
ôִߡҪͬһʱѹɲش֣ͥΧ仯
߿գ
Ҷȸ·ӣ磬ƣҴ߶ֹͷŴôֹﵽ˼飬۷壬Ӿ˵زƿؿռ֮ٴ߶˲ɱЩ
ٺ٣û⣡
ƵնҲӦӦ
ᣡ
Դߵͨ˳
䣬Ҷȡն졢ƣﵽٵʵǰ£ִ߶ߵ
ֹ򣡡
˲ϢҶȸоУƺն졢ȫ̴ͬһӡϾԴͷžֹ
ţ
·֮
ͻȻ㵵ؿǰΧϮĿ磬඾ףʱǣ֪ǿգͻȻһʧ
еһУɲǼ䣬΢΢һȻ󡭡һٶ칬ִߣΪڵٲȣ󲿷ֶڣʮˡ
Ϊľͷһ㣬붾ף綼ֹ
Ѫӿ߬ȭͷΪ˽кã˼Ŀռƿأ˴һǿߣ޷ӦӦֿռֶΣ޷ҵֵܣȻ
һٶ칬ִߣǽҲ˲ϢͰЩˣգ۾͸ƿء
ͣ
ţֹռ䣬γһ֮һУÿһִԴϷ֣Ȼƴȥ
ֻзشִͷֱࡣ
ء
Ǽٸ֣δаܡ
ţһֻĹֶһ̵ʮִߣһģһһ룬ȻħҲˣͬһ㣬ſͰһִߣˡ
ֶΡ
󷽣
ʮͥ칬һδνֵǿǣļ㣬˲Ͱô칬Ϣնɱĳ
һִ㵸Уʱ칬ִ߱磿
Ӣۣҽֵܣһս̤ɽ۷壬ժȡ˵ķâֹ󣬱һ֣Ư֮ϡ
֨֨
ոͱĶףʼ
ˬ̫ˬˣʵ񫣬ҪһնɱŸ˼֮ϣӰƯħЦţ·ǣѪ
磬ͽ㣡
ʱҴ
Ҷȶʱݳһͫ⣬ơն֮Уʯͷ붾֮С
ڽ̽ӡ̣һ̵Ľ磬ѹ֮ϡ
ಣ
һͤ棬ۡ
ڣ
·Ƕȼյ磬Ҷȡն졢˻ϱϱĸʴεǿ󣬼ʵﵽ٣ڶѹȣûжӰ졣
ϢŨң½ף׸ӾˣӦ֮УҶѾϤϢ
һԣնü칬ִߣ
вٵʬǣأȷ֪ȡǶвĽ硭
ţذĲ磬·
üͻȻһħ⣬ɻϴն֣ôо칬ִߣ飬֮⣬мǿߵϢ
·һţЩ磬ӦߣõĽ磬İϢ˵ҲȡصģȿƣȻһˣҶ˵
˼ӿٶȣϢС
֮Ԩ£칬ִΧɱʮڲͬ࣬ǻӵǿʢĵƤɫֻǻ͸ɫ֮ǲѰࡣ
ȻһһЩ칬ִߣ뼸ǿɱ
һƬս
ɱû찵ء
ϴ󣬿ϧˣ㿴
˵һƬս
и˵Ĵڡ
ħն죬ֳҶȵͷһͬԨ
ȻҶն죬𺳵ɫ


1420 ɱ칬ִ
ڶԶͷһ͸ȫļ̽硣
͸·һ͸ȫɫľֹ磬ʮǳأľ޴ɽľשߣƬǳص磬ȫǾ塣
壬꣬㼯ɵԴԴγ״̬
״̬Ϊ
ȫǷյģֹģһˣӽֵʯ壬ӹһһÿһΪĿľ塣
Щ壬ˣ޷־״̬Զ޷ȻԴ
Ҷȡն졢ƶЩǶô˼Ƹ
ֲãһϧģǾ磬һ龧壬ǳԽ
˰ﾧõﵽ񣬺⣬಻롣
칬ɳâ벼Ӽٵĸ֣֤칬ĿҲӵ
ҶȸӦ֮Уڤڤоں־ƺԻκʣƺһ㡣
̿նƣǣƻǹȥҲǽĲƸ
ƲƲ죬һЦҳħܷŹķ⣬û뵽ΡһΣҾʹģνġʿɣ
նȭͷһ߬ػػɽ磬ҵڵ־պͬԽ㸶һУҲҪסƬ
ˣǺεȵؽȡ
һƬ磬õҲȱˣ֪һ֮Уδ֪ɽ磬ֶıء
δȥǣƻǣɽ磬˵ĲƸ
ɱúɱɱ칬ִߵ磡һĥģ
ɣ
˲ϢγǣƯȱϷȻͬʱ߶ֳͬĴͨ
ͣ
һ׹⣬ָƶһߡ
𣡡
գҶȡն졢ͻȻ˫һ֣ͬһץȻ˫ֱ̯صĳ£ĳһƬ׹⡣
ͣ͡
̣սĸ߿գӿֳһƬٲƣ׳۵ĶĿ׵磬һƬ׹ӣз¡
жף󣬱׹ٲɡ
ôܣ
·칬ִߣɱ
ٿ֮䣬׹ٲһִߣ¶˾Ŀ⣬ΪǿߣȻʶǹ׹ٲõһУ׹⹥ˣƻˡ

칬ִߣӲͬɱڷ
ϧ׹ٲٶȻӿ죬·۾ѳһ׹⣬ÿһִߣֲƿϮѹ
赹ùǰסȻû뵽ɱô칬ִߣֳ˿µ
һ䣬һ˺۵ǿߣ칬ִȥҲˡ
ͣ
ٲٵ̫ͻȻ̫죬Ŀعÿһִߡ
еˣѾʩչǼǿҲ޷ףִΪĿ꣬˲ǡ
¡
һЩڵִߣ׵磬飬ҲڽӴ׵һ̣Ȼը
ȻһЩһǿߣҲһıը
ûһǿߴ
ٶ١ǿ߲ǱըѪֻʮ֣ȫ赲Ҳ˲ᡣ

칬ִ߰
Ƭ̣ԨΪֻʮִ߻ţǾۼһԲӼâΪףؿΧ˵׹⡣
칬ִߣû뵽Ҳһ죡
Ӷᱦǿߣϲ֣׹⾹Ȼûжִּ֣һƬ
ǹƬأ
һʮ̬һߣסֵ֣칬ִߣȫһɱơ
Ѫ壬˵ɱ
˭칬ΪУ
칬ִߣʮˣһӵвֶΣ
룬Ӽâţŵ׹Ϣ׹⣬ǿߣӰҲС
ӼΪǿߣһۿ߿գƺЩû׹ˣȻö֮칬ִ߶ɱ֣ɱôִߡ
˭Ӵ˶칬ĵˡ
һ콵٣ֳİգһˣӼֿһԵâţͬйһ飺˭ɱЩִʲôһɽ磬ɱ칬̳ɱ˳ǧִߣ
칬ִߣһ
һЦұңӼâţâţҲͷһμ棬ڶϻ£ҿǼʶ޳һ棬ͥԼֵܣһͷβСˣ
ø칬ˣâŵ쳣򾲡
ӼƺסģҲ֪ˣֳŭХһܲˣ
ܲ˵ģӦâţɱ
Ҷ˵꣬ն죬ֱӷ첼Ӽâš
ӼճХɱɱ칬Ĵڣ߶칬ʥӡ
ಣ
ɲǣÿִߣ칬ۣһ𹬣ǽӡͫһɫ칬
ǿ
ҶˣڵȻͣס
ͻأԺ𣺡λֵܣ칬ʥӡ칬֣Ȱϰ𣬾ͻᱻ칬ִ̳߸Ӧ
𣡡
նһ߶һ󵶣ʮ칬ִߣһϱĽɫ칬һȥ

ն󵶣Ȼɫ칬޷֡
ն֣Ƶģ
ħҪˡ
ͻȻſ죬һħϵγУȻΪһɫȭӡһ㣬ͻͻͻһȭӡ˳ȥ

ȭӡڿУȻþ޴ҵײڣϱĽɫ칬֮ϡ
նĺǿ٣ýɫ칬΢΢һ⿪ʼ
ɫ칬·ִߣ˿Ժǵһͬһɱ
ƾǸ޷ɫ칬ȷǴﵽ˰һ㡭ʩչҲ޷׽ֻƾУ
Ҷûж֣նƶ޷ȫԿɫ칬֣ЧҲòȥٻܡ
ɫʮֵأĪǡֻý
ҶͻȻ·һ࣬ʮߣһʱ𣬴߶һ̫⣬ϷλߣػƬģǰִߣǹͬĵˣ룬ȫЭǣ칬ȻԮΪһƬ棬ݲ

ߣ̬еһѴ󹭣еһֻеƾӥ
̫⣡
޹޾磬ҫ磬ȻҲҫɽĹҫۡ
ΪɽԴ飬ǾͬߣǱߣϤɽ
̫⣬¶޹
ݹ¡
ͻͻͻ
ߣʼӡ̫⣬ǵ壬ӿ˰ɽ籾Դ
·ͬȼյĻ档
ϿգҶˣоһƮ죬ͬ飬ŷһ㣬ħ𣺡ƣǴ߶壬ǽɫ칬ɣ


1421 ׷ʹ
ղűһڶ
Ҷһպ˵ħȥˣ졣
ɣӡ
һĽɫ칬·оһ㣬ܶԿ칬
ն˫ֲϽӡӡ֮ӡУҶƣֵܣǵʱˣӽ쿪ʼ칬濹⣡
ڴһˣҶһʩչͬӡ
Դߵ֮£ӿ壬ǿϢɳħͷų
ħ
ħͻȻӶ˫֣ģͻͻͻأʮħ޴Ϸײɫ칬ӿȥ
Ӽˣʩչͨзӡͬ²µĲĻӦþǰӣϷǴͬߣ
ɫ칬ԽԽ޴
칬ִУâŴž֮ɫҶϣƺʲô߲Ӽ˵
ӼߣǴߣֲã֮ǰǹ׹ܵһӰ죬˰ж٣˵ң˴ߣûбĽͣ
Ǿˣ鱨˵Ԫ֮ںڣδֹһߣϹŸյĴ𡭡ĪˣĹϵ
ⲻ˵˵ûйϵǾԲܣΪߣܵģҪ칬ʥӡܣֻҪԮץסҲ´󹦣ܵõҼпܣΪĴڣΰ޵
˭Ҳܲˣ
âӼ˵꣬ͫУڴ
λֵܣ̫żһѹס칬ʥӡϢʱ䣬ǿһ칬ʥӡ
֮⡣
ͥʮ֣ڽΧ
ÿˣԼȫעӿڣǼ֮̽С

Ȼ񽣣ڰգͷųĽϵؽɱһɹɽɫ칬ӰðӰ͸ӡ
칬ʥӡ칬ֵǣӴ˿һݻҪڶʱɱִߣЩ칬ʥӡİһӦ־ģ
߶֮Ȼܰ칬ʥӡͷŴݳΰȫ
Ȼ޴档
ͣ͡

Ѿγһɾ޴Ľɫ칬ǿƣһֱڿͷŵǣƵϢϵǿʢڣס˽ɫ칬
ͻͻͻ
ɫ칬ڲȻٶһ
ҶˣŽɫ칬ȵ
ǿ̫ǿˣȷǰûߵ֮޷칬
Ҷȡն졢ƣʶ칬Ļᡣ
һ칬ʥӡǿ˵İǿߡ
ƣڼӳָ㣬ɣ칬ʥӡɣ
Ҷȴ߶̫һոƵڡ
ԭǿĳƣͻȻ䣬ͫ棬˫еʼ˫ۿʼ
Ľɫ칬Ȼʼ
Ӽâţо࣬ͬʱ̾ܣ
䶯ɽĴڣǿ󰡣ǲӣǵĶֻ֣еȴᣡ
ᱦǿߣԼϣ⶯һ¡
ɣ
ħͬʿʼס칬ʥӡ
޵У
Ӽ¶δйĲÿִߣظ˸֡
޵У
һʱ䣬ÿִߣź
ɶ񡭡֮ȻУ
Ҷն졢ƣһοɫ칬ʼ
·Щ߼Ҳʼź͸ǿҵ

Ȼ֮䣬һʵʰԴȻӿԨͷľ磬Ҷ֮УȻֱӴħڡ
һˣ
ħȼ˿µĻ档
˫һץһΰѽɫ칬˫֣ɫ칬ħһ㿿
ʱˣڽκӡ
⡭
һЩִߣʵǼֲȥڶҡּħһ˰ѽɫ칬У޵еƿأļ֣ʧ
ͣ
һˣѪ
סӼâţһʱ޷һĻ
ģǵĵڶҡ

ͻȻħ̰Ц
¡
˫ۣͬɽӶ˹˫ͻȻסòĽɫ칬Ȼָӿ޵غݺץɫ칬
䣡
һץ֮񷡣
Ҷȡն졢ǿıԴԴߵһɶô˼
ڣŰѿСĽɫ칬
ץһըΪƬ
ۣ
ʮִߣŽɫ칬飬˶һѪӼâţҲ⡣
һ̣ĳңԶʱ
һ޵
˭˭Ĩɱҵ־
ˡѰ־Ϣ
ʼϯƬ񷡣

Ӱա
ħ𵱿ͬħͷײеؿ칬Ƭһһڵص칬ִߵ棬ȥ
ӣ
ӼâţѾû˵ƣֻһ֣ӡ
ಣ
ʮ칬ִߣʼƹҶڵ߿գΧ֮ϡ
ǵϣ˾
ʲôʱ򣬸߸ϵǣȻʼߣ
ֻɱõˣһƬס
ಣ
Ҷȡն졢໥ͷʱͬ򣬳칬ִ׷ɱȥ
ǣ
߸ٶƲִߣΪǶ٣ոӳܿڴСӳʱһӰϢ׷
ʱһŵȶڷ
˭
һδζԿ칬޼ƿʩĴڣеɱħͷ
ܣܣΪҵ֣ҵɣޣ
ҶһģżЦһ£ȻϷȻޣŵһûзӦĶִߣſھȥ
֡ˣŷԻˣͷŷޡ
ͣ
ҶȣʩչԪһ֮գ׵ش̽һִߵţȻָץͷϣͰִߵʬ壬ʳһɶ
٣ҶǰѾˣοЩǳףƵִߣ
սޱߣ
һ
һɰԵ޼᲻ݵսƵͻȻ߿ա

ٸ֣ͷȫ߶ӭơ
¡
뷨ײֲ£ǣٸ֣һĳѪ
ˣ
նԱ֣ӶһƣͰһһִߣͷֱ
ִߣͬ飬ն죬ħӿڡ
үүģܣ
ߵӶ׿ռ䡣
ħ𣬾ȻұۣһֿסһһٵĲӣһֻ֣סһǿߵĲӡ
Ȼ󡭡

ſڣپͷһھͻȥ
ħħһŵãû˿˫ͫѾʼŴ
ٺ٣پͷζýʯϾͻƶˣ
죬Ȼһ٣ȫ͵һ⣬ʲôˣ죬Ͱִߣֱ˴
䶯˼£۶ӣִּ߷ɹһӡʱ׷ȥ


1422 âŵͷ­ǵѪ
â֣֮УиӳȥŶԷľѪ䡭ΰĹǣҲῴΪ칬սķϣǸ
ۿӿڣԽԽ
ӼâţżǿߣȻͣ¡
˴ˣԼľѪ໥Է
ӼâţЩʲôãΪǽ죬˭ҲӲȥûһˣӳȥ
ͻȻһӰˣϷ
âٿȻ󾪣

ӼΧ٣һ𺳿߿ˡ
ǽֶһͷ޷
âţͥĳԱһܸӦҵĴڣδϳ֣նɱâš
ಣ
ɲǣӰڽҡ
ֱҶȡնħ
ʲôʱǱһѣ
Ӽ֮У侲ΪǿߣΪ칬ľͷ֪֮ս
һͬڶϻ£ΪУȻϵˣâſ򽣣ֿӼôν
ûʸ
˻㼯һ𣬾һɽ
ǰˣҲһܺɽ
âţŭʼȼգΪͥˣ㾹Ȼֵܣ壬ˣնɱ㣬ûҵĽ
ʲô壿
âһЦƺԳ̸ϣԭ칬ĸ֣ԣҴδԼʲôСˣΪ칬Ϊ칬ڣҵңǵļ֣ҵļְˣǵۣʵһģֻվڲͬķλöѣ
޷Ĩȥģ˼
編Ȼ棬Ҫʲô壬ҪνаνӢۣǡֲЩӢۣܻܳΪͷģƿһеģʸ̸죬ָʱУʵʮֿɱ
ʲô壿һô꣬ˣնɱνаأˣŹͥ磬ʲôƨǻҵһֱˣɣʵ׿һУĳɾͣ޷󣬷ȥԶᱻ˳ţԶǹ¶ģ
âŵĿ⣬뽣ԣ·ֻб˴˴ڡ
Ҳòϣ˵ĺܶԣȷδйˣͥôȻԼĵ·ϣһжעģâţҵۣôһɣһͷ­ȥڰ磬ֵܰɣ˵꣬Ҷȡն졢ơ
磬âŻԸӼˣ
Ҷȿ򽣣նƣһЦʱֱӴӼ
칬棡
ӼͻȻӵĹâ۸ߺ
칬Զ
â뼸٣Ҳһͬ
Ȼû·ֻƴһս
Ӽʰ㣡
ħͻȻΪһħӰٶȿò˼飬һħѾӼǰ
ƣ
Ӽתһţݺݵħ֮ϡ
¡
ǿߡһپͷһţͰѳħͷŵߵķ飬ħ𣬱˺󼸲
ͣ
˼ͬʱԷ

һʱ䣬ħ𵥶ǿĲӼڰնн֣Ȼħ·磬ǿվӦ硣
ޣ첻㣬Ҫ˭ͳ˭ɣɲܷһˣ
նپͷ֣ɱ
ҶȣҲ½ǿǰ·Ķʮִߣ֮ǰնɱִʬ壬һļͷ
أ
޶ʱƿնȥ
䣡
ôһĹ
ԱִߣѸײڶ֮ƣͻȻҶȳ֣ңͷŵͨﵽٵ۷塣
ԹķԳ˲סͨǣҲѿѷ죬Ҷȣ㱻ʮԶ
նɱ칬֮ˣ
پͷ·γԶҶһ㣬ǶóҶȵΪ֪Ҷȵĵϸ
ղŶԸ칬ʥӡĲٵľ̫һ
Ҷ΢΢һȻͣסΣϮʱ̴߶ͨһս
âţȻڿУ˭Ҳûг֡
ħ벼Ӽ֣ӼǿȻԽħѾϳ˿ڡ
ն죬ٹͷսƣϷ빥ȻҲƣ̬˿ҲԽԽࡣ
˺һ𹥻ôǿޱȣһֿ۷ǿߣкܴĲࡣ
ǣ󣬵ҲӦֻǴ۲Сˡ
ڰ׾
Ҷȶʱ߶ͨ޼˻׵ʼת½ڵĺڰ΢΢ת
һʱ䣬һɹȼյףٿȻپͷ塣
ڣһ̬£Ҷȵʵﵽż߶ͨǾͲһˣʵѾﵽ٣ϵ޼˻׵ԣȫѹǿߡ
âţ𣿡
߿գ
¼ŵĽͻȻ֣һɨҶȡնħοЦûû㣬ʧȥֵܶܡңֶλֵܣǸǳ嵨ԣҲ¶ȥʱкֵܶͥܣЩսֵǣǣҲ¶
âͷųĿͫȫǽȼյ״̬
һ̣û˲Ӽû칬ֻнûݡûзûһСҡȻڲۣ֮ʲ죬ǺεȵĿӣҲֵûζģ
ȥǼ棬ͻٴλعǰ㣬׼𣿡
ұﶯָһץһıڰա
ǲĽ£
âſ񽣣˿δֿеĽҡҡͷȻĻʼȼգ˫֮УһɫͷŴ۹â硣
һȥҵ
һֱۻӶâ

âͷɫâ磬ɫΧңΪһϹ⣬ٿȻӿȥ
һ̣ͷŵӿʼҵҡΡ
䣡
Ϲײһ
ֱӴϹ⣬Ȼ󣬻һâŵɫ֮ϣâűѪ
ֵǣһλӶеĽ
ϰˣˣ
âŷЦЦ˫һƣ磬Ȼͻͻͻƣʼݣǽֱѹȥ

ƲԵǷâȴ˲һɿµɫ硣
âһαѪѪϣѾһĽۡ
뽣ȫһΰ
ֵܣ

ֻ̯һͷȻ˳
ǡǸһӣ
΢΢ر˫ۣȻľѪϢȴˣûһڲ

·ҶѾҪ߶ڰ׾ֽʱȴһϤıϢ
תһʱ˫ͫһƣҲȥ١
ͷһ֣Ĳϣȡġ
·ֻصϻ£
ڵգȻ󣬱ۣһЦ
һЦߵǰİɡ
ͷȥ뽫һСͷȻˮһˣ޷âš


1423 ͥ
ˣ˵Ϊǰ
âżǱţҰգʱŤñΡ
ˣڵ壬ǵͷδı䣬ҲδıһС
ͬ䱦ǻǿͷâţԶҵУâţϽû˼ǵ
˭˲Цʱ
ͻأ֮䣬âŻȼյٿȻ򽣣·ȫһɫĶĿ⻪
⻪ͬȼա
âŲϵزȥ
ھ˵ıɫ⻪ͬյǣƿջһУֻɫ⻪Ĵڡ
ʵȻǿҲǸۣ
ǿɫ⻪ָ΢΢Ȼֱһģųɫ⻪ָһ
ͣ
ǰռ䣬ƣֱӴ̳һն
ۣ
ģϴƿնҲ޼᲻ݵأɫ⻪֮ϣǰһֱ͸ֱɫ⻪ʧ
âŲؿ򽣣ѪΪͷȻһȭͷĿ
ΪʲôΪʲô㻹˵һӣΪʲô칬޷ıңΪʲôâѾ޷ٶֺ
Ŷӣϵ˻ź
Ĭţȥ
Įϣ·죬˭Ҳ޷ֹߵâǰ
âţ·ɣ
һһԶͻȻâŵǰͫһ
â˫ͫ޷˲䣬Ĳ
ͷѪ䣬룬һץץģͷ˫֣Ӷû

˲䣬Ҷն졢ƶоӿ
أ
޳âʬǰһҲע⣬ſڣͰâʬȥһ̣һЩڷ
ͣ
գ۹
һ߾ʬ壬ƯڶװգҶһһǧͼȻߡ
ʲôҲû˵˸Žɳӣããʡ
˸·նӣٴ񣬲·ӡˣӦڲͬԴϢ飬ǿߣԶɣ
ӡ
Ҷ˲֣ͷžԴɲǣ·ʪ֣֮ռںϣӣǺݺһȭȥ
¡
ͻأ䣬ʼ𵴶죬ҶֶһץƬƶȫյ֮ϡ
ٺ٣ϴ˲ӼҲþҪ٣ˬˣգʣ¶ʮˡ
ǣҶûһ˿ʤϲá
ӡâͷ֮Уˣֵǣȥҵͥĵܣڳͷ֮磬ȳֵͥܣ㵱Լˣ
Ǻǣǵȷȥͥնȵͷ
ãҶҲûһ̣ûΪ
ع̳
һʮͥĸ֣Ҷȡն졢ħ𾴵Ŀˣʵ뷴칬ľٶ붯ݡ
һ̷޽֮أʧʪָ֮߿ա
޽֮أв߶ա
Ҷȡն졢Ʒ೾ƯʱУ籩ףϯʱգʮָӣûгʱ̽Խʱ롣
ȻʮͷޣݺʱУЩ޶ͥѱΪͥһϰ
ٽȥĦĿռƬԭƬʱգ޽֮Ȼ˶£ѹƬ
ƬʱգζʱջʱѣĦһ㲻˽⣬ϤˣʱɥΣգǶ٣Ҳֲ޽֮صʱ٣Σա
磬ٺ٣ﲻȻϣħɵã̳֮ͥһ
ʵͷԴâűѣͥͲò룬ҰлѺܶ꣬Ӫĸݵأ칬Ҫҵ̫ѣ̫ѣдһֻͬпܣʱգȻĥ
ŻѰ죬ŷɳʱգȻʱУһ޴ʱգȻǰ
ˣʱս⣬ѾƯһǿߣɵ۵ۣӳ۵٣Ȼˡ
ǴŹڴƯʱգͬһ֧ս޲ʤľӡ
괨ϴ
Щǿ֮УǰվŲٶ٣֣ΪϢɫԶԶͬѰ
һ꣬ٸ֣ʵ
ꡮ괨ҡҡͷЦͨһģһǲҲ޷ش𣡡
𣬴Ҳ̳Ա䣬괨ͷһЦ
һ𽥿ʱսһУն첻ɵؿ򽣣ͥĶǿߣٰٶжʮǰˣʵٵ۷壬âţﵽӼĸ߶ȣǻ
ܣˣâһͥܶӳһλΪ괨ͥϹǸɣԱ΢΢곤ǡԱߵǡɵۡǶǶ꣬ﵽٵĴڣʵ벼Ӽͬ߶ȣǶŲͨ
һһܵ괨һʣУѼġߡκٶɱǰҪɱҲЩףСںԶżԪһĿ취̹Źӵնɱκٵؼ칬ִߣһ𸱳ϣɵۣһӵǿǿߣʱһöĹʵĵܣеһƴ
ն̲סţֲͥɽ粻
Ҷɨе괨ͷŸӦʹΧϢоһֲߣʣߣȷټʣȷߡѪҪ߼ˣ߲ͨ࣡
ˣͷȫѳԽӼħƲƲ졣
вٵСӳʵǷؼǣͥǸɣˣնɱ칬ִߣһοЦ
ˣ
Ҷȡն졢ƽ¡
괨ɵۣˣһͬ򽣱ʾ𾴡
ʱͷһޱߵİɲǼ䣬Ҷն죬ƣž߶ҪǿĶ࣬˼
һλֵܣζҵλֵնɱͽâţ벼Ӽٵ칬ִǿߣһλۣһɽ磬ϻ£ֵͷ֮磬Ȼ칬Կǿߣ


˳ݣͬ⣬׷״ߵҶȡ
ˣǴӳͷ֮ӳķߣ㣬ڹؼʱվ˽ظǴָʵʱӳͷ֮磬ӹִߵ׷ɱ
ͥԱ߳Ǵһٵɵ۲ȣ׷ҶȹȻл
ǣǴӳͷ֮ӳķߡ
Ҷȴ֣ôͥĳԱӦмǧˣǡӳģֻôˣЩΪ͵ĴڣֻҶڳͷ֮ӴͥԱδɹӳͷ֮硣
Ҷ߳ͥԱ˵λȻųǾҪúΪȥֵǺúûţ



һʱͥĳԱ۸ߺ
뽣һɽǷ칬Ĵǿߣ𾴣վǿƵǿߡ
ֵܣ˰ɣֵͥܣ͵һԱ
Ҷȼ
նƣҲһͬչֳڲͬơ


1424 
һ֣˰Ȼ󡭡
ӳ괨ɵһ߳
˴űˣ׷׿ӳ
ͣ
գһ̨ϵسֶ
ˣ
ˣ˲˫ϥ£׷׵ͷһʱ䣬
̨;У괨ɵϣһͬڼ̨֮ϣһĻ濪ʼż̨ȼա
һͷƯڼ̨֮ϡ
ӳ
ΰ䣡
ǵĺֵܣ
ͷһ̣ͥԱĸᣬӼ̨
ʱգһʱֻпһȺ˵Ŀ
ĸ˵˾Ͳ᣿
仭棬ᣡ
߳һµͥԱӳ棬˫һ̨֣Ͽվͳһ档
棬ҶδҲ괨ɵۣȻҲн
УһˣǴͥԱ칬ɱĳִߣϣ滹˺ȾףĻ棬ǰѪ飬Сڡ
ϧֻǼ䣬´档
ͽâţ
ĬãϢǰı䣬ȻһץâŵͷȻ·
ֻأ
ͥԱâţ̲סɱŭ
һ̣ǵֵܣںڰУĳ˯ȥ֪ã㣬ңҲȥڰ磬ֵܼ棬ʱȻ
ͻȻתһ裬ŶĲᣬâŵӣָһһɻ棬̰ͷ
֨֨
տȼţͥԱֱ
ϴ󣬿ǵ·Ҫȥߣ·;ϣ֪жٵķգƿҶȣͥ壬
ҶȺȻ˫֣նƼϣǺǣκο籩Ƕһһ̤ƣԶ
ʽֱŸһ䡣
һ죬ʱȻƯһƬɽɼȻγڶʱգ֮ͨһƬɽʱ֮С
ȣ
ɽУͥԱ¶ƣʳʵ𺳡
ֵǣϻأ˵һɽ磬ɱ칬̳£ھ٣˵˵ͷ֮֮Уòã
ã
ٳԱȵɣҡͷԣȻ׷׿ϷŵˣֱǽҶȡն졢ƣ괨ɵۡ
ҶȺȵҲ٣ⳡۻᣬȻǺʵĵһ㡣
ҶƱˬһȻڴĿ⣬ӳصȴš
ͷ֮ʱϻ¼ұ벻ֵܣ⵽칬ִΧ׷½أʱ뵽ֵܵ䡭ұһᣬⱻִץסͱֱӴͷ֮磬ʱʶͥĺֵܣ塭
ɽȼž˶Ҷȣش⣬渵·ֻ˵֮£ɡ
ͨЩֶΣȻұһ칬ѹĴܺǱͷ֮֮Уǿķͷ֣֮ǿһͬƻͷ֮ԴģʧȥԴĳͷ֮磬нʧȥãɽХ֮䣬ķӳϧΪķߣûлӳͷ֮硭
ҶȽŴŰѾ˵һ飬ȻûἰǬ
ãã
ʹ죬ɱĹ񫣡
һžãͱĺҪҶȾơ
ֵܣ
ٱն졢ƣҶһоơ
ˣͨ¼׹ܲܣֳһô˵ķ緶
ͻȻиԱһ˶ͬ
ȻԣֻһˣŲһϷҶҲʹ죬ӦڴĿ⡣
ӳ괨ͻȻȭֵܹУ
ã֮ãֵܼȻߡʶһߵ룡Ҷվ괨һͬɽϿա
ã
˶Ŀ⣬ǽˣҲ׷׷¾Ʊ
괨ȭˣǱٶȣͨͲñˣʱս綯飡
ɣҶ붼û롣
ಣ
鲻һʣƯǰ괨ܵʣֱ޽֮֮һһһӲȻˣ˵ʵڵģеʤ֮䣬ߣҲҵ츳
Ҷȵͷû£㲻ãʲô
Ǿ
괨ҲƳ٣Ư飬ͬǰаƴСڣ֪ʲôӲʡ
ƣ
һĿ£괨Ӷ۰Ȼ׵һڣұͬ㣬һȭͻһϡ
꣡
һȭͰʺ顣
ããӳޱߣͥںһᣬǾͰŸӺ֮ģҶʣǿʡ
ಣ
ҶȻݣȭһǳɡ
䣡
ȭͷϣȻ˲顣
ãˣվˣΪҶȽкá
괨ҶʩȻڶǰܵڶʣƷʯӲȣҲʮƷ
ʮƷӲȣǿǺܾ˵ġ
¡
괨һȭݵأӶһȭǿϣ˲䣬ͱˡ
ϷնҲΪ괨кãһȭ״ʮƷӲȣ
ҶǰһһɨʣȷǼӲޱȣѾﵽ۷壬ٵӲȣפһᣬһȭ
䣡
һȭɴ䣬ʺ顣
໣
ͥǿǣʼ
ʣӲȣͿȰܴγµҲԴ򱬣
괨һΣͷʾ֮󣬱չڵһѹұ֡
ȫ⡢ѪȻġУҶͷųӦһɨ괨֮𾪵˵
κεƣ޷괨״˻Ӱ죬屾ġ
ͨ
䣡
괨ȭͷһȭϣЩܵһ󣬴ڲʼȻ飬ţͱըˡ
һʱ˿ʼߺӳ
⵹ЩΪˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ괨˺ɣƤ˻ƽɫҲˡ
޽壡
ٵ֣ͥϳţԹϼԪǸʱڣɵУǿ
ž
һƣҶԵʯ֮٣˼ʡ
Ȼ˶ӽ
ǼʣݺһҶȱջұۡ
꣡
ûбը飬ǣȴöȻѣ顣
ã
ҶȲ괨ǣȻ˼ʣ֣ͥȻҶȵ׷׽кá

ֵҲ
Ҷ괨գˣ໥ʩֳǿߵķ緶Ȼһͬص̨¡
ĵܣлˣôǰ괨ͥһӣ
˿ʼҶȾƣҶȵǵõϿɣõǳϡ
֮ȴҶԺ
ﻰ괨ȷǺǿ֪ҵ״̬ҲѾﵽܾ˵ĵز괨һ࣡ҶǫĻӦһ
Ϊ٣㡭ڰСӰǸͥӣ괨һĽѵ
ͻȻ֣Ҷȼ
в˿һĻ֪ΪҶЦǰڲͬ


1425 Ĺ
ۻһֱʮŽ˶δ
һ죬ʱ֮УķǿµĦ֮
һˣƯڸ߿գҶȡնƣЩ˵ܡܡĵܣôҪȥ
飬ҲȽ϶࣬ɽ綯ٵѹСնȻ᲻ã뿪ˣصڡ
ĿҶϣĵܣʱһݣټз߹һ𣿡
ʱδ죬õȣվ칬һ졭Ҷ˵
ԼĿǣδһ£ǺãҾͲֵǣһ·Сģ
ϵش괨ɵۣҶȡն졢Ʊȭ
Ҳౣأ
ҲӳȻವһ£˸ûдԽʱգֱӵʧȥ
ӳ֮һľ򽣣ֿ괨ɵۣĪǡɽĿռ䷨ǧͼ
ʮа˾šӳͷ
Ǵǧͼǻȥɣնɱâ벼Ӽ칬ῪʼɨǸݵ㣬ʱ䣬ǲòֵʧһʱ䣡
֮󣬱תʱա
ɽ磡
һӰ𽥴޽֮ؽҶȡ
ոն졢Ʒֱնع鵶ڣҲϸϻˣҶȣȻҪعʥɽ磬кܶ飬
ʥɽ硣
ҶȻع飬ȿΪοǣڶΪͻƣʵҸʥɽΧڵĵ˻ǿߡ
ʮٻо˵ͻơ
˻ģˣѾһ硣
ͭƻϴȺüٸ֣˳ýʯ̤٣״ۡǧЩһٸ֣̤١
ʥɽ磬ʵֽһĸ߶ȡ
УҶټˣۻȥֻлģҶ
Ϣ˲٣ֻʱ⣬õģʱӲõģҶڶ棬˵
һƽʥɽ磬УЭ˲٣һ԰ͨһؿڣȻΪ񣬻ӵһЩɵһ̤磬Ϳ˳󣬶˵Ҫһ
ˡ
ҶȺȻѻ⣬ص㣺ȥħڣõһӦ÷ķ
ĵǺܺ棺Ŷ
ಣ
һͭߣȴӵѪ쾵ĹƯҶȵġ
Ƴһ̣ٿȻվ⡭ǡħʥ֮һħԪһʱ
ȷħڣһֱеľҶҲٴδħԪ飬ѱѹǿУж׷ħϵ
ôϣ
˼ĻģҶȣЩʵصϹͥħڣһֱΪУħڵһУϹͥƿˣħԪˣϸԪħ֮Уһǿİ񣬼ǵʱɵ磬ָΪħ桯ħͷеǡħ桯ϸԪͱѹԶħڵħ԰֮УôԵõ
û뵽ϹͥǶħڣ˽⣡
ҶȺȻһĨЦȻĴԼϹͥϹŶһЦȥħڣ⣬ǰ׷ħ棬˴ħ԰оȳһħͷӳħڣĴݺᣬն˵ָΪţ
˵꣬ħԪ׸ġ
ĸһץסͻȻħԪ뿪Ҷ֣֮·뿪ʼĶɫ⡭Ȼ֮ǰϵ㣬ѵǿУӶģ
⣬ˣ
ƺһħڣҶȿУʲô׷ħ棬֪Ҫһ㰵һֱ׷ħħ䣬׷ħ涷һ̣ҵᡭô򵥣˹
ܴӰ׷ħ桭ǶôħУȥħԪ㲻ҪˣļҶ˵ǰ£Ȼ֪УŶٵķա
ʱħһ㣬Ҷȡ
һ׽ܣǳŮˡ
һ԰Ůˡ
ôһǺúõĻˣ׷ħȷǿô֣޷ѹȴʲôҾҪȡıǰôҶʲô飬ܱ˵۹⣬̬ȥԼԸ˲ܸɵģҾҪĲܣ˵ңһСˣħ
ȷ˵ǰһСˣһħ۹⣬ǵ̬ȣ˵ʲôǣֻҪҾãΥԼĵߣΥԼ־£ǾǶԵģңΣǶħɣ
ȻҶһů
ǻĴģǽն죬гơ
ֵܡţҪе̫࣬ģöԣǾȥϣΪҪˡ
ɲǣԺ𽣵
ãһʱˢףʱ󣺡ˣӣ׷ħǿ󣬵껹ɱϹͥѪȷ磬ֱ͡
˵۹⣬ΪҪȥ⣿
ҶιµһЦصλ£ģ˵ħǶħҲãֻҪҾԼǸ˾ͺãģȥðյԭ򣬲˵ҲףΪ㣬ΪֵȥðգҶȣһɱ˲ٵĵˣУܶ˻ᣬͭƻɾǡڣͰǰһӣѡ񣬵ѡ񣬳ܺˣԶԼԣҵϣͰôһ죬ǰһҪҿĵ˵һ̹Ȼذ㻤ҵ̬ȣ
㡭̫˰ɣ
˫ץסħԪ˵Ķ顣
䡭ҶȵǷݡ
ǣѾ仯ҶΪȻӰ׷ħ棬ħǰħԪ
㡭
Ȼ΢΢侲ҪҶ˵ʲôʱλϣѾǿյġ
ҶȡҵǰϹͥ۵ģӴԺģһپ٣ΪؤһģҲԶ㡭һΥԼԣ԰Ԫ׸ħԪ
Ҷȡ𣿣
ع£§ħԪŮǰ㣬Ҳ̲סĿ
ܲŮ˿޿޵εεġ
УҶȻ˻˵һС
ʱ£һǿߣѹԶȲѵѡ£ģǿ߸ӵе
Ǩʥɽ硭
Ҷȿʼʥɽද򣬾ϴΣնɱưԳħѪ乫ӣѹ
ʥɽʵԽһ̨ףɳǵﵽǧ
Ȼкȥ죬ҳ˽ҪĥԼĵģʱ򣬸ôҽ붯ɽ磬ȥˣʥɽһʱ䣬ʹڳĬаɡʱ򣬸ûֶ죬ȫɶ۽񣡡
ʵԽǿҶȾͷѹԽԽ
ħ֮СϧˣʼղԸңҡħ˵ĺܶԣҲĺܺá
ҶȻζʱһУܽһ
ˣ
ȻһŮӵ֮⴫ݶ
Ҷվ󷨣еӦ꣬ҲŸջʱˣˣٻΣ


1426 ؽɽ
ʧһۣҶǰ
һ£ĬĬ˵һοٻŬˣѾڷӡʵһƽڣ֮ǰɽһң鱦ȥ
ٻԼѹҶһȻһд
㣬ɽ߲㣬֮Ľ
׼ھɽ磬ɽʷȻҲŷչᣬʥɽԮɽϣֱھɽɹȥ
Ҷ¶ЦݣǺ£ʱΣֻҪ£Ҷ޷˵޳ɣҲһͬΪɽ
겢δ⣬һȻһЦϧɽĸ̫٣඼ɵۣڶûһ
ףֻҪʵԦǱɣҡҾԼɽΪ𣬴ϸӼ򵥣ҪɽȥһУһʺɽ磬ڴɽ
ҡðɣ
󷽵ͬҶ취
Ǿжɣ
ҶٻСǧСǧ죬뱾ںϺЩߣһǸɰģ
ţھʥɽ粻ԶĵطҵһԴɽ
ҶϴŹɾһЩֳҲټǧɽӣҶȵ뿪ʥɽ硣
׳ɽΧƽĲԭıʯ߲⣬ɽգӵһ߲֮⡣
õطõط
ɽӣ̲סֽкá
꣬ǰƣֻʺһУɽҪھɽͲòһվסŵ
ЩӣѾʼɽΧ鿴Ρ
Ҷ국ɽȻҶһᣬȻ˵
ţûһȷ޷㣬ɽ̫Сǵͼھɽ磬޷㣬ҲʺɽҶѣһǡ
˼ʱҶһݣƿشֵЦݣ֮ǰҾ⣬ڣһԪ֮ǰһǿɽţеΪ쾲ľɣһףԴԺɽԺܵţ˵ܰ
쾲ľɽһ͵˵޵
ʲôͣҶȺòףӴӰУҵһɽʺɽС
ô
ȻͷŶ˹󣺡Ӵ˾ͳΪʥأɽ¸ı䲢δĸ
ãøʥأ
Ҷֽкá
ⲻ֪Ҳ֪δʥأҲΪԪ֮ɵһʢǿʥأǾסԪĵأ
ţͿʼټɽӣһиƻ˵δ˶ް㷴Ͽɽ
֮ˣڴһɽģ߸Ҷȡ
Ҷȵգ߳һ·޴ɽ
𣡡
·ɽһ㡣
ҶƶɽһѹȻ󵱿һᣬɽź¡һƵĻζȻʼҡҡλεأȻرʼ룬ϰա
ɾڵ棬һӡ
ʱһɽҶȵץסƯڸ߿ա
ʩչԴȻӿɽ֮УɽҶԶƯ
Ҷֿʼʩչӡɽ֮ϣصļʣ㼯Ϸ𽥻Ϊһ̵ľɽңɽ֮ϣĶѨҶȻѶѨһռ䣬濴ƶѨ棬ʵһ޴ռ䡣
ͨ컯֮ܣ
ɽӣں󷽣ҶȴͨѾ𺳵˵ҶȣٴξΪˡ
ʵΪﵽһ߶ȣ˾ͻȻںϵøƿظȻռ䣬κȻʡ
ǡɽͨȻǺЩСɽӣܴͨ
ܿ죬ɵ졣
ҶȾҪΧĽռ䡣
Ҷ˵㲻ʲôھɽ磬һڶһľ޴磬οҶĿǰӵٵ
¡
һʱ䣬Ҷʮָϲ׹⣬һ㣬ڵΧһ磬ϵؼӳ֣ںϣֱںϰٲ硣
һ̵Ľ磬ʱס濴Ǻξ
ͣ
ҧָһѪҶȵġ
ȥ
һѹ֮ʣһһģһŮӣޱڰգҶȴһ쾲ľŮӵԺӴˣɽߣҲһƿߡ
ںľѪôɽڡ
ɽѾɹҶִʯɽ֮Уɽǿҵ
꣬ҵõľԴͿֲһЩɽӴˣɽӵɵԴ֮ΪһʥأһҲ⣬Ȼյӵ⣬ϵһκεӽ󣬴سɹܳΪɽӣڽУһҪܵ飡
һҶһ޴Ķռ䣬ɽ֮С
죡
µɽڵˣκεһţ볬һţ棡
ɽ
еӣȲҶӣعš
ΪƵɽߣӵжٵɽĵ̣Ҷȿɽڶи
ˣ
ҲڴҶȡɾ֮С
һʱһȫϵϢգһƯʥɽǰ
㣬ҶȵһЩһЩٲɽһ˵Դ
һУ˿ʼ¹ɽ
һ֮
ɽɽ磬õɽɵ뺯֮УһЩˣźʥء
ǽȥֱнǡ
ಣ
һٷ˿̴ңԶշ񻮹ҹյǺֱۣӷոյɵɽ
ʱҶ岼һЩڽȻͣ£߳󷨣Ҷһץһٷ
ǣ
ٷҶģ˲飡
ʦܣһ֧ɣϢ죬Ȼţʮӣ뿪ţͶһܣ൳ɣƺҲڷ׷궯ٻʦ㣡
ξٷУݶ
ֶڲҲеɷ룿Ȼһʮ־㵣һţȻҲֲɽ綯
ҶȻ˲䣬ٷϢɽѹ̣ùɾ£һʱ䣬յӣȱģʣֱӹغɽδĳɳֶ죬һӣУΪ棡
ƽصͷҵʮע⣬ģ԰ѹأ֮Уȥֶ죬ʽʺã
û⣬Ȼȥˣ
Ҷת𣬴ɽֶ죬ֻҪ㹦ˡ
ӰҶʧȥ
ĿҶȥһᣬɽӾϲǰι۵Ĳˣ̱ʾ򣬼ɽ
꿴ˣŭһɺͷųɽʲôͼģʱǼιۣҪţÿǵģ


1427 ֶ֮
뿪ɽڵʥأ䣬ҶȾѴ߶۷ٶȣص
ҶȱԸоֶЩһˣһڤڤ֮УѾ𽥵ɢ
ˡͬŲŻе
ֶһֱһɼ̡Ӵ֮С
ҶͷŸӦܾȡ
һ֧ɣš
Ӧ˵һ˹עŵĴ¼ҶȸӦ֮УÿӣһС
⣬̫Ѱ
˼һ߶ͨع߲ռ䡣
Ȼ󣬰ִѸټҶȣܵ¡
ҶʦܣαŵĵɣֵӡơġˡŴжʮʷܵ˵һȽţϡơǻʦ֮£ֵеǿߣԡˡţӰϴһϦ֮䣬ʮšơţ
ʮ֮УвٵĺĵӣŵӣһͬŵģһΪֵۡӡֵӣȻţŵӳӣϴγˡĪ¼ʷһεӱ¼
ִϣֶ
һִϣ¼ͷβҶȵ棬渵
֮Ҷȵûж⣬ֵӣֵеٮٮߣһţȻӰ޴
ȴʳһʮɻ֮Һܺ棬Ϊ˱֮Ż˰
һϵڶ죬žټᣬεɷ¼Ӱ죬ʱѹ
ơۡſǵж
УͶ򵥣ٵľͷ̶ľ飡
پͷ
ҶȰһ˼ѡĬڿţơۣľܸоֻһˣ
ҶȴӰ˴ִϿУ֪飬ֶƣȫա
ʱҶȾ͸Ӧξٻͣ㣬ȥֽξڵĵ
ʦҲڣ
һ̣ҶƬ̸ӦڵһУֻξ񣬻гϴڵĻ
ʦܣ
ҶȸӦǣոսξ뻪ҲҶȳ֣ǰ
ʦ㣬ʦ֣Ҷȵ汧ȭ
˷֮£㲻ģѷĵɣڴ޷ƿǽһʱʱ̣̿Ƕ˲䣬ԼӪ뿪ţ
ξһ֣˾ͳһɽڵȪԡ
ƣȻ۾ģҪϾҶʵţдСɣһٶжڲģ
һԵĻ𣬿Ҷȣһɣ
һ룿ɲǿЦģһ뵳ţǡпܻӪĸҶµһ
ΪִϣȻ֪жٵɣֶ죬ӰѾݵġ
ξŵǼϵĵӺأĿǰҪ񣬵һնɱۣΣעÿһɶ
ۣͽɣҶˣҲڵʱ䣬һֲ

˭֪
ξȻҶȵ棬뷨ʦܣҾã˷ѣĪйϵʦ𽻴ѰҵǸӣйϵⳡ粨ʱһ뵽ˡ
仰Ҷ˲üͷһҵ񣬾ѰĪǸħͬԴĵӣ
ʦ㣬Ḻ˱֮£Ҫˣҳڱĺ֣Ųܵõİ
ţ
Ҷȵͷ˲Ҳףһʱ䣬Ҫֶ죬ѰĪǸصӡ
ãҶȾͻص죬纺ȺȲ裬ڼҲһӦӣϣҵǸصӣϧص̫ãʼûʲô취ɲŪ󶯾Ǹصӡ
һĪһصӣʼ總֮ղֶҶȵͷ
Ҷƽʱȥ󣬿ʼ򹬵Ӵ񣬴֮󣬱ص죬ɽķչʥɽҲ뽣ն졢ʱ̱ϵ
֪ҶȾ״̬£һꡣ
ʱҶھھڤ˼Ѱڣ֮ܡ
ڣˣӴĵһ
Ԫ뿪ʼӦԣ㣬ӵа֮Ҷ˵Ѿ̫ϡƽˣڿ٣Ҫʮ꣬ʱ䣬ؼһ㣬Ҫ壬ȥʼԣһ˳
жڣԶ֮⡣
ԣŵ¶ٵˣķѰΪϵɱͷΪ˳Խڡ
֮⣬ڻҪһ䡣
䣬
˽һҪḶ́Ҳԭ
ڤ˼֮䣬ҶȲϵâϱ䡢ڤ๦ȵȻ֮Һã߶Ҷȵİġ
ߣһйĵߣдڣҶȵΪվϵؽӽԲ

ֽ磬һﻨ
һۣȴǶѩӡϣȥһֻѩɫ
ҶȻˣ
ˣȻתѩ
һݾ㵣һӣ쳣ͣƺʲôԵŷâ
ӵҵ壬һԪϣ֮ǰҶ棬˵ҶѾͻڣδڴ
ѩͫһɲͬع⻷ڻѩĻȿǶЦϢǺϢȥлл壬ע󶯾
ʵѩʱλ뿪
ʱ򡭡ѩصЦЦĳǵ뿪ĵ
ಣ
ţѩóһ򣬴߶򣬱򹧾˵ǰϿ׼ã
ѩİɣϷΪѰһõȥʱ뿪ֶ죬ҪǣΪϷһЩŮڣһаЦ
ѩȻһ뿪δԽͨգۼ䣬ͳ졣
ҵɲһ˶ԸġҶȣǷУӵҵԪӡһֱûʽ߶ǵȴᣬߣţ̶ʱͳΪڣԽңڵʵҲ쳣ǿ˰ɣ
һٷãͷųһͨⲽ롣
ʦ㣡
ѩգҶȾѿصȴš
ѩȵҶȣͷŻĿ⣬´ۣȻһЦӴǳˣʦ㣿
Ҷٴʩ񣺡ʦĿУԶʦ㣬Ϊִϣʦܲһֱûȥݷʦ㣬ʦ㲻Ǿ뿪𣿡
Ϊϣǲһ㣬ҵжյʦܣ̤ڣִֽϣרϲ㣬Ϊصģ
⡭ô˼
Ҷһһܳģ
ĲУ˵УУ
ѩһֱͷǻĿ⣬ҶȣһֱУȴЦҶȣȻ޷ӹҵ


1428 ѩ£

ɽ壬ͤС
ʯȼյĻ棬ϷĲϵðˡ
ѩǰ˫֣ԿƻʯĻСΪҶȵһȻŨĲˮ
ʦ㣬ܶ࣬˱ţγͷۣŸ߲㻹δһվ
ȻѩĿģϵذҶǰ֪Ŷ˱ѵĴԼ߲̬ȡ
ҶȣȻ֪⣬װţԻ󣬱ƵĿģ
ͷβܣѩŻȵ񣬶˵ؿҶȡ
и飬߲͸¶ˣӦûбĵɣڰдҲȴĵðڲ
Ǻǡ
ʱѩѡûм׷ȥתƻˣʦʵﵽεȸ߶ȣ
۷壡ҶѿڶӣֻͫѩӰӡ
ʦܹȻŲ
ѩȻΪҶȶϲ豭һƳҶȣڳǸ˵飺ʦܣɽ綯һŶ޷Ա˵һ죬ֶ죬Ҳǵÿһ죬ȵعţȡ
Ҷһ㵣ҡͷ⡭Ӧòɣſǳһţʦ㣬̫ˣ
ܣʿ磬ûвܵ顭ˣʦܣϲҴţѹ˷а飬գǱһաĪʦܱҲһܣ
Ȼ䣬ѩ߰ߣֺأҶȣ˿ˣҶ˵
⡭⡭Ҷһʱ£
ѩüһЦǾˣϲʦܣڶ֮УһͷֲãĵУΪִϣֵӣûʲôͷջ޷Լˣʦܣôǿʦλܣܸʦʶ
ʱѹ飬ڳֶ߲㡭ܣɢ˳ȻѾ͸ֶ߲㡭Ҷȹɫ뿪ڣУᵽֶҪܵײжྪˡ
ʦ㣬ЦˣɲҪ棡
ʿɶֹ
˵ѡѩһξŵΪҶ裬ڼ䣬ÿ˵һ仰ڰʾҪҶѡ񣬶ѡ
硭Ըѩλڷ籩Уʲôߣ˵ǣصӣĪ
Ǹиѡ񣬷ҶȲµĳѩһ¼ɣųҶȡ
ҶԺȴһλᡣ
ҶȽӹѩĲ豭һ̣ȻסѩỬ۵֣˵ʦ˵һܡʦɷܴ˸ʦʶ
Ȼԣ˭ҵʦܣѩ¶Цݣλǰײβģǻɲ࣬ڹ죬λǰһԶУǿǰ档
ããʦܾʦϢҶҲֳ֮Уһ֮صǿԸ
ֹһʱ⣬ѩȥ
ѩˡӦܻһЩϵѩδӦ㣬»ɣ
Ҷվɽߣһֱڳ֮С
˿̣صѩֿʼһ
ǰѩãһǿߣϣǰܰѴ˳ѹִֶϣʵѹˣѩܴĵӣͶǰ
Сһ׮һʲôڱǰ϶㲻ϣֶһһţǲǾɽ磬޽֮أŲ࣬ȻϷӦӻ㣬Ȼվһߣ
ǷһԵϵغЦ
лǰ
ѩ
ֶۣѩɲ֮ˣҪһĴ棬һ죬ѩһᳬԽ㣬ѩҲɽ翪
ѩһЦţͷһ⡣
Ƭ̼䣬ʮŮӡһЩеӣĵڽʵȫѩĳԱ
֮
ʦܣ
֮һƬǳС
һۣͨŮӣżͬŮӣȻֵУһòͨİ꺰һ䡣
꣬ǰҶȡ
ǰǳУȥɣѩشҶȺС
Ҷһ㵣ģʦ㣬ôһǰֶ츽ҲŸ֣ӦĴڣ
Ǻǣŵĸ֣жٶ٣мپͷ֮ûλǰٵĴڣʦҲ֪ɽǶٵ磬٣վ۷޵ǿߣ
ѩһ澯ķһҶȲֵĴ֣һľ¥ȥλǰΪߡ˰ԪʵǿĪ⣬žҪͻưʦܵõĴ࣬ʲô
ģ
һ𾪣žϲҶȣŶЦݡ
ߣѡطǿߣȺܼĵط˭뵽
ҶѾͷŸӦǰ¥УоһǿϢ
Ǳ𣬶һ
ţѩҶȽ¥浽ˣǶֶܵӻ˷
¥λŮӣƿһ䷿ţѩҶȲڡ
̣ŷŹϣҶǰģһƵˣһŵ䣬ȷӦκϢ
һϢаȻزǶǿߵݡ
ѩǰһˣܵǰλҶȣŵִϣ
ҶȣǰҶȴ󲽣žηʩ

ֻһ֣Ҷѩ㱻ϡ
޷ٵ
ߣһɨҶȣһۺڡţӵڵֶĳϣڱǰ޽֮أ඼㲻ϣССֶ죬ֵȥǰں
УѶΪҶȶʱŵվ
߶Ҷȵı֣ƺ֮Уʵ㣬ѩѾҵĵӣҪ뿪ֶģôһţܴʲôҲһҶȣǸˣҴѩУ֪֣ǧʧȥ˲֣Ҳһƥͨˣֶ㳤ϣЩʲôãһǰһһ֪Ҫ٣οڱپͷǰ
ǰ˵ʵҶȼ˵ģ޻˵
ͻȻͷͶˣֶඥ𣿲ᣬǣȴԸඥ֮ڣ𣿡
ඥҶٿȻһ
ȻѩǰЩţҶȴһľϲ⡣
ඥøߣҪҹඥ̫֮ˣҵʵڲ֮䣬ҪնɱңܣҪնɱ㣬ȴԣˣĹඥ˵塭о飬ȴһ̤ڣ
ʵ
ߣȲҶȣ˵ʲôඥҶȺ壬ǣӵһҶȣԶ޷ȼơ
ǾΪо顣
ǡڲ̫ҴҵشӦᱻɡȻѩҲܣϾͻҹඥҪٿҵģһģ߱ػնɱң
侲ҶȿʼҪλᣬڡ


1429 
ߣӸµֱҶȶȥСඥڱִ˵΢ҿԳϦ㣬ʵ
ȻҲԳϦնɱ㡭δ˵ġ
ǣǣǣҶԵùѡ
ֿѩˣȥú룬ڱ㣬ʲô˼ȻѩȥɣһжԼ컯
⡭
ҶһϵõඥֲͶߵìɫȻѩ˷䡣
һϡúãǿݣֶԴҶ߷·ܼҶǿЦģȻһ֣ʧȥ
ֵУ
ʦ㣬ôղţΪ˵˵ඥ֮ǵõϾͻڡ
ҶѩȺУһϧģ
ϴܣһˣңҲһιඥ֮ò״̤ڣ
ѩһһ⣬ȴЦ˻εص뷨ȥ㻹Ǻúɣ
Ҷһ˰أʧ֮ɫԱ
صֶ죬Ҷȴȥξ񣬰֮ǰһУظ
㵹Уδʦƭһֱαװ©ֺңֵܵסջӣֶûж٣
ξ󣬵ûаص㣬ڳѻҶѩϣһЦ
ʦ㣬㵹鿴֡Ҷһƨ¡
Ҳֻô֪ѩԽ֮ģȴҡҺ˵ļʱ
ξҲ£𽥻ָƽʱǸ˵һдջʵףߣҵŹȷ޽֮һܣʮû뵽Ҳ½磡
ȻЩ½ĿһıȡԴ
ĪǡõֶԴ
пܣҶȵͷ
ЦֶԴӴɶٵӣڴۻɣȥȥģʦܣǴ͸αװȥʦЭߣ
ڲƲ
иʦǾ͵ƲʦܣĸûԼĸûԼܣ϶ֻۣһյָưˣˣǲΪӵȥһһǣ㻪ʦܣһԼ
ðɡ
ҶȿЦʼ磺Ҿͼʦ߶⳼ߣȻҲһʯҹඥûж壬Ǿо飬˵ȴ󣡡
뵽һ˰ɣξա
ȻʲôӲʦķۣߣඥ֮ҽڣڽһܴĿԽڣҶһΣᵽξ֮
ˡ
Ҷȸո˵꣬ͻȻξڣһֲ֮
ҶվһԴͨ
һˣкܶˡʱ˿̣֪жٵӣһʱ뿪šеˣ
ξɱۣ֮˫ֺʮ
е룿ҶҲʼͷŸӦ
ʦܣɣǰһ뿪ǵ䣬ЩĵӣͲ֮ڣ֮ǰԸɣ뿪ֶ죡
ξͿҶȣҶȣҲ
ʮӡҶƽ˵
ξ˺󼸲Ҷȣһ棺ֹ֣ɣԼĳԱԸֽڣ뿪ţԣⲿֹȻ뿪ŵĵӣѾʵĳԱ
Уֳһ磬ͨ⣬ֶӣھŵѰӵӵټĪԿյµȵӣһָ߲㣬һһ
Ҷ̶ξ˵ʦ㣬ΪڣⲿӵĵӣסǸ޷ӳҵģ
ξһŭҲûУЦסǵˣȷǵģܲһεضҡ

ȷʵҶ޻˵
ξָģʦܣ㲻ãɽ綯ţһѵõĿ飬ԼɸѡĻ𣿡
˵žӦãζЩĲǿŲҵĵӣһһ뿪ţŽᣬ뷢չ
˼ȻֶһյӣؿϣǲЩţĵӣְͨ취ԤһЩ棬еĵӣֶ죬ΪѰһϢ֮ذˣУֶһҽϴľƵ꣬סһһ죡ţǶֵӣ磬ͳλᣬЩĵĵӣһһ뿪˵ĺãѼ飬ţҪΣʱ̣ÿӵҳģ
ԭˣһաҶˣֲãξΪôܻЩӣװ뿪
ˮأ
˵룬ҲξƤ½еġ
֮ŲŻĵɣ᲻뿪ӣ֮һͲˣʦܣҲüޣ¶ںר񣬾ͿˣξҶȣݳһ
Ҷȵͷξһͬȥ紦
ںģһͬӰ졣
ʦܣղŴʦõϢɽһţһıʣħڣҲȣ෴칬ķ£ţǾͷһԿ칬ķ籩Ҫ
æµ˼죬εɷ¼ǿѹ
ξҪȥʱҶٱһ
ħڵȷǲȡ
Ҷ˰׷ħ֮䣬ħһɽ綯֮УܼĳҶȿξ񣺡෴˭ȥԸ칬һȺӶԴĵˣ
ţȹ˺Լξ˵˼䣬Ԧͨȥ
ҶȻص죬Ͼһ˼߶ٷѩʼϵ
ʦܣôˣ
һֶڲͨݶѩ
ʦ㣬Ҹոմɣ֮¡
ƣҶʮήҲ˵һ䣬ȻͻȻĿһˣӴˣҾֶ죬ʽͶǰ
ҪǺãʦܣѩһͷʵ
ˣҶȿ϶صͷ
ǺãҾϸʦȵȵϢһ㣡ವһ£ѩ׻ȥ
Ҷ룬˼˺һ󣺡֪ܷ񡭡˳ߣͻڡ
ɽ磬һ޴ǳڲ
һڣۼʮˣ½޺ȻС
Ƕˣһߡ
λʦܣʦãλǡǡǰǰԱĸͽһվ˽ܡ
ǰʩ񣬶ЩڡڵΪ٣ֱһ߸ߴڡ

ʯ֮䣬Ϊǵߣʮˣһ⣡
ǿԴ
ֶʮĵӣĸܵڵʵȻؿʼۣӡ
֪ǰ˼ǣһŮ׳ŵʵ
֮ǰ˵꣬̿𺳵ĵ˵ܼ򵥣ǰϣǼ£Щǰһˣһ֪֮ǰַɷ뿪ΪΣΪɣҪɽ綯Уûд㣬ջᣬѵҲҪţ٣


1430 ½֮
ǰף
һŮ˵ǰҵĵӣΪģĸ֪ǵ³ǱŸ߲Ĩɱʦţ
ҾͲõġжǰڣ˭ǣһĨɱһеӣ۸ߺ
ɲǣ˶Ϊǵپͷ
ͷȻۡ
˻˻֣ϷΪǰǿκˣѡ񣬻һӣȥúɣ
ǣ
ʮֶӣⲽ뿪

һӣ̳پͷǵߡ
Ϣƺͨڶ֮ϡ
üֶ첻ɽɣʲô٣ٵĿҪЩʲôã
ֶ졭
һЦĪҪСɣħа̡壬еҪȼֶ졭ܣ
δЩ˰ɣ֮Уʥɽޱڡ޼ڵȵȣЩӵɽĶپͷֶ졭δ˵
ЩڣȷЩʵֶ졭Ǻǣ˵ֶԴǳӴҵõҲûпܡ
ȻѴ⣬ұ취ֶ±ǡȻɻ󣬵ƺӵĻʮš
ӣתʧȥ
Զһڡ
ƯһһЩʯʯƯУʮֶӣվ棬Щš
ǰǸеӣˣ͵Ƕǰ͸ǵ̺ԣΪǣǰڽʱںԣӦԣλֶ˶Դң
ûУһŮӣն˵
ӽԳһЦʾ˿ҾǸСˣҲ룬Ϊ棿ʵҪΪǰǵȵľͷֶӹӹµµһ涭ǰõǿʱǲǵһȣ
ʦ˵˶Ĭϡ
Һúǧѷ꣬Ҳú룬ҲǿѣӴǣ뿪
ʱеӣ
·һжʵ
λҪΣΪţִģ
һŮӣͻȻվ
½ޣ
һеӣһΪ½޻ҪǿΪһȣ½ʦãʱʱѣǶֻ֪ڣǻƽ£ع𣿡
ڴҶͬһϣңֶ졭һеվѾûνӣηηβģһõ
һŮӿ½ޣֿӣҾӦúúñһ£ȥиҶǰҲһֱƴǣ
ʵ
Уĸס
˵ĶɲǺðõġ
һеӣڿÿˣˣҲ뽹꣬Ȼѡ񡭡޳ԶǰΪ𣡡
ˡҲͬ⣡
Ҹͣ
еһзģеվҲ׷ױʾ
˶½ޡ
Ȼ½޲֮УΪߵˣʵ֣ȴԽǣҲ֮Уֶصĵӡ
½ȴҡҡͷĮȻؿˣǲᱳŵġ
ȻͬʦãҲΪ㣬㣬ǧҪ£ţһüĿŮӣ½
ʦã˶Χ
½ΪжǴʱҪֱҲ죬˴ֶ죬ҲȥֻܴźˣҪлл
ͣ
ճڣǰǸüĿŮӣͻȻ֣ʯ䣬һУž綾ش½޵ĸʮԶ
㡭ǣ
̫ͻأ
½δʩչǱضڵϣ˿ڿʼںڣ𵤣㿴Ǹ𾴣ƽʱͰʦ㡣
벻ȻԼֵˣԼţεˣңһǻ㣬ÿϣֻɱ
ܺãĺܺã
ʱϷٶǵӰ˳
ǹǰȻҪֶ죬Ҫ㽻Ͷ״ԶҲ޷ٻֶ죡
ãããŮӣҪԶ֣ߣ·ѡƫҪ·
ͻȻӿһ֣С½ȥ
½һ˵ˣ״̬Ҳ޷ֵסһУʮ
ӣ
ĺȻ
½޵ţһϵĹâ
âУһŮˣῴ½ޣȻ򵱿ѹƣȥңͷŵȻ磬ķѡ
ǰ
½޾Ů˴һȻ󡭡ĨᣬתͳŽ飬ɳ
û˿ǶǣҲ½ڣɳŮͷŵƣӰ졣
һԪ񡭡뱾⣬ԪΪǻŵʱ򣬻ҽ֣Ȼˡʵ
ǲȻһŭͷŵƣŮ˵ƣ飬ɱ
ƣ
˫һɴ۹âȻ˸߸߷·ݺѹȥ
ǧ֮⡣
תۣ
ۣ
УܣǱѵ½ޣѾӳڣһɫĽͻȻӺգš
һѪأʧȥƽ⣬׹һɽ֮ϡ
ҡ⡭ã
ɽʯҳһƬ档
½޲ڷϣѪߺʯգ΢΢ض˶ƤҸЦݡ
ಣ
һӰӺշ
õǰĴУջûʲôϢǿǰңûáϴվҶʦͦȣ
Ӱ½޾;ˣͫͻȻһӢ꣬ƺվھǰԶ֮ϣãأ̺شͨ·½Ψһӡ
һٵ׷ңҶʦ֣ж
䣬½ѣ˲Ϣ糺죬һĺڷͻȻһӡ·棬ȥ
Ȼ󡭡վ˫һӡһ棬ʼȼգˣ̷ա
ҵٶ޷ߡ½ޣ½ʦãϧò֣
Ƶ׷봦ڻȼе½ޣԽԽ
Ҷʦ֡Ϊ㱣ˣңϣ㣬һû˵Ҷ⣬һһ㣡
½޲ϵزϡ
ָͷ
ȼգӳѾһ׷ԲԵòеģֻһƣ˼Ҹ
߲ˣ
ȥǰУӣ߳һŮһ±Ϊ½ޣ㷢һ̾Ϣαءȼձ½ʦãҲӲҵģƻȥѡĵ㣿
˭Ѿû˿½ޣʵ
˭ҪҪǣߵͷͬһԼյĽʣһʹȥ
ӣͻȻ֣½һ
꣡
һɿµħɨ½ޡ
գ۾ͻΪ˳
ʲôҲû£
Ůʱ򣬾ô桭½ʦãֶʲôΪҪȥά
½ʧĵطֶŲ죬ҡҡͷȻһգˡ


1431 еĵһ
ֶ죬󣬸߲ռ䣡
ϣԴɹȻ룬ִĵӣ׷ʧȥ˸ӦиĵӣԸҪʱ뿪ţ
УҶϷһɫۣϣ˼ȡ
·ʮ鷨ߣƽ㣬׼ʱ㱨ֶС
ҶȺ򣬳˼Ƭ̣鷨߶ڵȴ
ÿִδĵӣʧȥϵĵӣͳͳ¼Ҫϸһ٣Ȼ鷨ߣúעŸԷеɣڰ磬ţ
ʱҶȾ侲ؿˡ
ǣ
鷨һһȻ󰲾ȥ
ѩڹĥҵİŲ˶ãߣҲ㣡Ҷȼ
ͻȻһ֮⣬˫ͫ
ˡһ춯
ţ龻֣ôͻȻ˶
ֻ΢΢һ£ǶҶ˵Ժһ龻֣ڻظӦʲô
ˣһβףԾ
ǡ˭ȼˣң
ӻ龻УòףӦ𶯵ĸԴԭһԶĺԪ֮Ȼɺ˲Ԫ֮ڷģҶȡ
ȻǿңΪҶйǱ龻ָӦˡ
ɶ񡭡ңԶȻӦط
ҶǿҪͨ龻֣ӦԪȼյڣǣٵȻ޷ҵ
ΪͬȣͻΪǯеͨ
ʱҶȣΪͿطӳ龻ָ
ôˣ
Ҷȴ߶һԣһ۵纺ߡ
Ҷȼȿ纺ղһȼԪ֮ңԶĵطҡϧδ߶޷û龻ָӦ纣Ҫ
纺ʼ߶һǿңɫԹâ𽥻龻֮УȻҶȣ龻֣ԸӦߣ׽ϵˣӦ㲻Ϥˣ
ӦǵģȻԷȼԪ֮ҡô˱Ȼʶ֮ˣȻϤȴҲҪˣ
õ纺龻֣ʮֹҲԽ죬ʱһɹâɳ
ߣ
Ҷǣ纺߶ٶȣգ۾뿪ֶ졣
֮
һƬȻ߲ʹâУӰһ֣Ȼֳ
Ҷ纺߳գãأʲôûС
纺ͫһɵ⣺ɱǰйɱ¾ϧԷֶ̫ûκεϢһͨκζ޷Ӧ
龻֡
˫һ֣һ֣ת
Ӧˡǰʲôڷӡ
ɲǣҶǣ纺һͳһɽϿգɽ룬һʮɴСķ棬ûѪֻз档

Ҷȶŷһץʱһ޿ռڷдһȻץһڵ㷢
һͷŮ˵ͷ纺һʮֺ档
㷢ҶϣɲǣƯڵֶУһͬϢҶһ𾪣¶޷ŵĿ⣬㷢ôᣬ
ҲӦˡ
纺еĺ棬׷ȥǿϧ̾ϢϴΣȣΪ½޵ǸŮӣ־֮£һֱΪ޷Ĩȥź
ǰӣһЩĵӣȥִȥˡΪͻȻ䣿
½ޣҶԺֳǸˣ§ڻ͸ھΣֲŮˡ
ǲˣǣ½ޡ
˻˻
Ȼ䣬㷢֮ϣ·ҲʲôӦҶϢӴ֮㷢ͻȻʼȼգֳ½޵ĲӰ
ڻ֮УǾĻ棬Ҳ˼Ļ档
Ҳ֪ܲܿ
е½ޣޱˣأ͸һݹ¶˵ʵһûšֺܹ¶˰ȴǷݿЦ԰СŮˡԴһΣҵУһӵ뻳УɲǴݶůԼǽʵ˫ۣҴİȫʱҾͶԼ˵УһˣҲһˣ
ܿϧںܺڣΪҪĵ˼ȴû˵ûκθо٣ˣڣҴźŶ˼뿪䣡
ҵǸλһֱ㣬ڣʱ˿Ҷ΢ůģڻұֱϧԶֻǣԶԶؿ㣬㣬ҵˮǿɬģ۵ģһŮ˵ҪľҸҸоҸΪĳ֣Ҳž磬ôһϣҶʦ֣һġˡԶڰһеľͷֱ˰ɣ

½޲Ӱ͸Ҹ˵һ仰ӰŻ棬˲ϢΪ˳
ʲôû£ҶģһƬհס
ৣ
һ磬ͻȻϯƽգһЩƣҲ𽥵ա
Ҷȣεºܣ㣬źȥҶսȭͷ˿̣Щڡ
纺ؿҶȣȥɣҪĺúõģںڰ֮УŻоů
ס
ߣƼ̣ȴִ绨ݡ
Ҳ
Ҷ£δʧȥ侲Ȼһٷ
ʱһٷۻػ飬һֲ˵ϣϴ½޵ȥִӣһʮˣûһ׼ʱع飬ڲ֮ǰϵţ˵ڽջعţ
Ҳ¶ˣ½֮ͨĳɱ
ٷϢʧҶ̴߶龻֣һʱģȻһϢ龻֣Ȼ޷׽½޵κϢǣȴͨ龻֣Ӧһ˿½ͷŵͨϢͨϢԶһƬʱ΢΢ǿҵ
ȥ
ҶֱӴ߶ǧͼ纺ʧԭء
գ֮䣬˳һƬϵɭֽɭһɽУԣͼһƬ档
ٴһ
˾ͳڷ֮ϣ๬שߣԼʯ壬ڷ֮Уˣߵʮִæ
¡ǲ¶ţǣӲߵ
ڷУԼΧоκεϢͱˣʩչͨĨȥһС
ҶȣͷŴ֮ǰյ½ĸӦϢһͷţȻһա
ңִ߶龻֣أͷ۷ѴڿռУһ˿˿£
û뵽䣬ˣƿͨѳ׻Ϊεңһ΢ʶ
Ȼ䣬һŮӵҶ̯ģһУһƮŮӰֳ
ȻòѾס
ʵ
ᣡ
ҶٴƬռ䣬еҪͨܣ½ߣȫֳ
ŬǸŮӣֻ΢΢¶
еŮӣ翵ˣҪˣܸӦóչ˵޶ǳͬɵŰɣ
Ҷӻ½޵ǰţ鷳ǰϣ½ʦãļ仭棬һʦãõϢ


1432 ˭
һᾡˣ
֮еŮˣʼ΢΢أҶȽӡʼת
Ҷȴ߶龻֣ϴʼͷųǿ״̬ͨʣ𽥵أһɵ⣬֮УŮ
˻˻
һԵ纺Ҷ޷˼ͷǿСأշӡ⡣
ʱһţҶȵϣͣŶ顣
ȥˣǲУѰҳǰһ̵ļ仭棬ǰ񣬼޷ͨ
Ҷȴ߶ͨʣߵϣѲܣѾΪ˿ܡ
ˡ
ƺеŮӣľһУʼ϶һһҪ޶ġûź
ǰ
ۣ
ͻȻҶһ㣬̲סһѪȻУγɵ˲䱬ըһУȻ޴ˡ
䣬ȫӡô纺˫һϣʱҶߣ
ҶȼᶨվĨĨǣȿ纺û£ֻ̫뾫񣬱ˣ̫ˣھͷż䣬Ҫ½ʱ򣬷ʲô
纺ָһಣ
ʦá治㣡
һĻ棬ǰ˶Щ㵣Ϊ½һ̵ȫֶĵӡ
͡
ǡ
һŮӣôذףͻȻ½޸½ôţŵˣȺ
ţУپͷǵӰ
ֱͷһֻ֣½ޣʱһ⣬½ڣ½޵ӳĻᣬ½޳ûӿپͷͷŸӿһУͳĨɱǹϵ⡣
ͬʱʧپͷͻȻһӰ½޷ȥķеطȥ
棬𽥵ڴ˶Ȼʧ
һжˡǣپͷǸصĺӰЩţ֮ˣ¶ֵͬšͳͳ
һȻҶȣͻȻ߿գʱ˿̣֪ԭίȻǼģһжֵá
纺֪Ҷ鼫ΪӣֱʵȥЩ䣿ҵǺܼ򵥣Ƕӵֶı֮
ǣҿֶ죬ôĵӣ򵥣ҵûָ֮ȥǣ
ʱҴҶ߶䣬纺һͬȥ
̳Ҷȿʼԣɶ֮ӣԼаӡ
ֿʼ߶񣬲ϵػָԪ뾫
ã
Ҷȶһˣɭַ֮ϣҲʱ䣬֮УҶմ㹻ָ֮ǰġ
龻֣
óֶƣȻ棬ҵʮӵϢȻʼӦ
ʮԺڵĻ龻־ֹͣ
ǾĺǣҲӲҵĸӦ
߶£Ҷֻôһ㹦򣬾ѸӦͶǣֶ죬һͬ½ޣʮŮŮĵӡ
ͣ
ɱҶȴ߶ǧͼˡ
һƬĺһϾ˽磬Ưں֮ϡ
޴ĺΧһЩСĺÿһŽ硣

߿УҶǳ֮⣬ֳոճ֣˲䣬ȻӦʮӵϢȻҶȿʼͷŸӦ
û뵽ٸʮˣһپͷǶǣȻЩǿߣһǧ೬ۣڵڣһ
˲ϢҶȾƿһС
Ȼ뿪ϿգһٷžͿʼȴһֱӺȺһһ
Լʱ
һŮӣԶٷԱ߻һӡ
ʦ㣬ʦ֣Ҷȵӭˡ
ξ볤ϻ
ξҶȣһɱ½ʦ֮ԪƣͻȻ飬ǲŸո֪ҪҰ취ʱû뵽ʦ˼ʱѾҳ½ʦԭһֱעĺĵӣ
ȻξĨɱֶĺ
Ҷͬĵ½ʦ֮ǰһͷңҸʱʲôûˣѾ˾ҵֲ֡ˣ½ʦһִͬʮĵӣ
ʲôξ뻪𣬶ŵ̾
ĵӣʮĵӣҪķѶپȥġ
ԭһ֪һʮˣΪǵپͷ˶ҪͶǣţֻ½ʦһ˲Ը⣬¶֣ʮѵӣںĺУ
ȻˡǾһͷųϵϡ
Ҷȴˣ˵Ҹоͼıֶ죬Ӧûʲôܣֶ죬ʲôӦֻʮĵӣЩӣǺҪԾͷ˵ֵһᣬȥǵܣҪԸҪŵ̽ӣһͬ˵˻ʲôǿ󣬲ܴ⣡
ʦ˵Ȼͷ١ʦһ֮ĪĿ˵
ҶҲƳ٣Ҳֶ֪ѩصã
ˣϴĨɱѵӣĨȥʮӵΪҲһЩǿߣҲһ٣ǣ
ξƺ뵽ʲôص㣬Ҷȣͨһ·Ĩɱɹɱپͷǻ⣬ûн⿪ʱδΣֶͨΣơ۵ȵȡϵģڣϢɹģ
ʦ뵽ʲô
Ҷȣͬʱξ
ε룬ÿ֮䣬ûʲôϸһ룬Ŵô൳ɣƽǶͨޣڱ˴˶ƿأϾǶΪһɣ໥̽ӣ֪̽ԷжȴϢɹҾãбȻʲôͬأ
Щûн⿪⣬½ʦ֮ںĵͶǣȻſĶǵСģΪûйģЩ˵ֶڸһеĶңǲǶҸԴЩӣֻǱǹƻʧ˵ģ
һξ˵Լķɻ󣬻Ķ
Ҷȵһǵʦ㣬ʦ֣Żеɻ룬ϴѩȥߣѩҲˣ붭ǣһƿأţҪģʵֶΣٿ⣬Ҫϣҳı½ʦõף
Сģ
ξ뻪ͷȻת뿪ˡ
ҶĿǶȥת𽥵Ϣ½ʦõʱӿ˶ǵƿأӦɳȥĺӰ֮֡Ӱף㵽˭붭һͬǿ𣿻ʲôˣ
½ʦ֮ŵڣ֪Щĵӣһ¡һںڰУܵůģ
ŸдҶѾȺ
½Ҫ鱨ôֶ죬ᱻǣش
ಣ
Ҷֱӷʮӣڵĺ
̤뺣˳磬ӦһĵӣƷʯԴԴУһʵͻͽ
Ǵһʱ䡭ҴӶһУһĨɱ½ʦõõѣ
ЩӣҶȴθС


1433 Ѱͻ
ʱҶѾĺ֮ϡ
ٲõ󷨣Ҷǰһ㴰ֽһͱơ
Ҷͱƣ׽󷨡
ڣ̾ʮǿߣһЩǿߣУǾۼһ𣬽о顣
Ҷֱӷ򺣵ϵ֣ҶȾͼһٲ·Ưһ޴Ĺ
Ϣ
˽ԹҶ̾͸ܵϢȻǶ̾ĵط
ΧмǿػС
Ҷȴ߶ԴԪѳһںϹռϢƮ빬
ֻмŮ澣Ҷƹ󷽣һǿڽҶǰڽ֮С
ԽСֻܵн뿪ڽҶȲδðգǳ嶯ؽڽȴš
֮
ǾʹϢ߳ڽŮ澷һȻ·Ѿۼʮǿߡ
ǰǺʱ̤޽֮أ
ǺʱȥӶֶԴ
һǿߣͬǿ޵أӶԴ
ʱ죬ɽ綯δǵݷ
󣬲پͷһҲżһж֮
ۻһЩҶȲ֪֥С£ԶǾۼΪף뷴һ֮У½ӶԴˡ
ֶ죬ֻһĿˡ
ţ
ۻʱͻȻ·ٵһʱ䣬ƺҪ£뿪
һӰˣͳڶǰ
ǼӰˣؽɴʵǲǿԶֶˣֶԴҵģ
а˵ڲ߻֮УİɣʱҪҪעķ˷ִ˵أУѾ缸ǿߣʱǿһͬǺԸֶ죬ǣٰɱǣ
üƻٺ٣ʵ˵еûף
ˣԶԼȥ֣ʲôֱҺ޵ĺôֶֻһʼǸ㣬ãһЩǿ߾ۼʱʶһ
û⣡ǵͷ
ˣˣΪӰͬҽʧڶȥ
øͨ
Ҷȼˣܿ϶˾ɱ½޵֣ϴ߶ͨҪӦϢȻ׷ٶȥ
ϧҶȸոմ߶ͨ˵Ϣ͵Ȼ޴档
ø˴ŵħֻܲ׽һϢ
Ŷ뿪ҶֳǴ߶ߣһЩʧϢͨ龻ᣬڣӡغ˵Ϣ
ǣҶȴû˷ܡ
˵ȷ֪ͨղֵϢͬһαװαװͲѰҴټ
ҶǱһûʲôõϢ֮󣬱뿪˺֮ĺ
龻֣
ͷžҶȿʼѰղŴӶùںˣµ΢Ϣ
ˣ
龻һֱתʱȥһֱûʲôĶȻһʱȥҶȾ͹Ϸˡ
ȻαװϢǱΪ޷αװУ˳ϣҵˣǡͻڣǾ˵ˣ
վ򺣵ҶӦ磬ͨУֻܷȴ޷߶ͨܡ
øϿͻƣ
ҶԺһֱڻص⼸֣ڣʵﵽ٣ͨҲо޴仯ܽڣͨһξ˵ͿԴαװУҵǺϢڡ
ңȻﵽ٣Ǳߡǵ۷壬һľ롣
һͻڣͻ᳹״ﵽٵ۷߶ȣߡûв࣬Ҫ˵࣬ǾȻ޷ǰ㣬߶Ĵͨܡ
Ȼֶ죬ôʦ㶢ŶǶҪٴνӴѩߣӦҹඥ
ඥͬ˻ţ˼άŻԾᣬ˻᲻Ըطʶ˶ԼһУǹඥͲһˣԸ׸һˣڰԼʶԹඥ֮˳
ҪڣҶڻûһܺõİ취ߵĹඥǿһԡ
ûа취Ȼеϣ͵һԣһ߻ᣬ˵о޴תۡ
뵽Ҷ̴߶ǧͼӺ֮գһȦǳ֮⣬˲ϢҶȾƿʧȥ
ֶ죡
ʦܣôͻȻֻˣǲڶҪ鱨ʣ
ֽ磬ξڵĵ
ξһʹâֳֻҶȲ֪ʲôʱƯڵ߿յȴ
ҶȵһʹӸ߿·ξǰҷֶһˣ˿ΪһͨϢΪҪҵұҪͻڣˣƺڤڤ֮Уֶ춯źĹҳҲƿһ⣡
ԣҪӿ첽Ӵѩߣξһ
Ǵʦ㣬Ҷȴžͷඥ֮ͻڣڣôҽɶ۽񣬲Ҹʦ㣬ڶʱڣɹһѣ
ˣȻһһᰵжţξ˵
ಣ
գۣҶȾʩչͨ뿪ξ䣬ѩ֮⡣
ͷһ
һʱ֮󣬵ͷͨòѩԱӭҶȽ
ǵϰˡҶȣҪףǸ߰ǰʲôǣŮˣ֮ϣ

Уѩѩƣ뿪ڽָȻ״̬£ʮѩŮӣңȺԸһЩūڹΧ
ͬŮ߸ϡ
ʦ㣡
ҶλŮӴ빬Χµūһϸ룬ͿѩѾռҪߵûҪѹ档
ͷβѩʵڰԼֶŮˣһ
ʦܣΪ˴æ¼𣿸ղ֮У˼ʦܾõһᣡѩҶףҶ¡
Ҷ֮ȫһѹƵΣʦѾף֪ϴΰʦ֮£лظǰɷԸɣ
ѩһĵЦȻԸ⣡
һҲٴȥʦ㣬ȥǰҶȼվ޲ȥϧԥ
Ҷ󲻶ѩЦĸˣ֪Ҷ飬Ȼȹϵϣࡣ
ѩĿ⻺סˣʦҴ㣬ϣ뿪ֶ֮ǰֶܴУȡһԴԸ⣿
⡭û⣬֪ʦ㣬ʱһͬ뿪Ǽֶ죿Ҷìܵ˵
ʱǲ뿪ģΪҵĿģȡۣΪףȥжһ֣뿪ֶ֮ұ˴ȥʦ𣬴Ӵ㽫ͼչ
ã
Ҷȵͷһѩ
õҶȾͱѩ
ҶȡҲʲôӣǰ㻹ǸЩˣʲôͬģ
еɶݷڵȴˣȥӶԴҶȣΪһз֮ˣζ
ѩĮȻĿҶȥΪмһ䳰ȷ


1434 ֶ
ξ
ʦܣôˣ
һӰӽз
ξڽֳһ˿㵣ô;ҶЩ̫Ƶ˰ɡ
ղŴʦ֮ͨӦȥߣֻǴҪһͶ״ҪӶԴԴͶߡҶ˲˵һ
ξͷȻ㣬⡭ý㲻޷ӽߣ˵ȥӶԴ޷Ϣѹе֪ѩȻӶԴһ£
ʦ㣬иƻ
Ŷ
൳ɣʵڵȴʱһǣ뿪ŵĻᣬѩԼĵɣδһ㶯ΪڵһˣһɣȻվԿţǲŻжţȻڵȴж䱻Լһǣң䵱һŵˣȻһһᱳţһҿ˳ӽߣҲôӱΪһЩɣЩӵĿһһ¶һŴһ򾡣
ð취ʦܣʦ㲻ò˵һð취ֻһŽܵشʮڵӣʣ޼Žķѣ
ξȻͬ취ȴְѲһ棬
ȷԾĹ
һ޷ƿأŷѣǼɡ
Ȼʮ־޴飬Ƿǳ޳ɵģԵһ£һҪһЩϣһۣ
ξ¶һѵõЦݣתϰϰȥ
Ҷڵȴš
Űʱ֮
ξִӵֳԱһӣ
ҶףξҶǰȭʦܣ飬ͨϿɣȻҪҪı棬ֻżԪϲ֪Ǻĵӣ״ӡֵ֪ˣûУ
ſо飿ҶȻ
ξŵģҪıԴȻҪֽԴ󷨣һ㻪ʦΪػ߸֮һǱ֮󣬹ƻ󷨣͵Ϯʦܣʦ͵Ϯ֣䣬Ҳ˳Դ
ʦ֣ųϣҶȾ㵿ŹȻ£Եͷȴ£һϣΪڻκҲῴ£ʲô֮
ֶɫʦܣʦ㣬ţڻҪ񣬾в߻ŷҪһƬģ£һʼţڽʱԻָԪ
̬ϾҶȹű˰׸ᣬԼֳʦ֣ʦ㣬İɣȻˣұȻɹ
½ʦ¡
ξƺȻһ䣬һţҶȣһֱѹţ⹫İɣöЩͷϤκη紵ݶ
жϸڡ
ᵽ½ޣҶܵһӰ죬ǲҵ֣޷֮ңߵϣ

Ҷȣʲôʱſʼж
ѩƯƮѩĵУֶڵȴš
վʮѩԪϡ
˶뿪ţõԴ˵ʲôȴʱ˼²˷ֵԴȶ֣ҶȳɹȻãɹǾͲѶΪ֮һֶͬԴ
ѩһֱȴţ

С
һŮӣһֱڸ·ĺȺ
˫ͫ˸⡣
ʦ㣬ȥϢһᣬｻʦܣԱߣһӰֳһضξ˵
ʱˡʦҲжˣķǧҪϢغãξûôǧ֮Į
թף
гصͷȻ˳ξ·Ⱥʵ治УΣҶʦܣʵɷ
Ҷʦ۹⣬ӲỳɣӿʼҶȣʦ⣬ΪӣһͨӣսΪĵӣֳΪ״ӣٴγΪִϣÿһĽӡҶܿģ
ӣٹãֻһߴӣˣҺ棬иۣ
۲ң½ţȥ޽֮أʦķѰԴѰҽܣ
ҿĸ֣棬ˣʦ㣬ȥϢһᣬʵȻǿκβң뵣ģ
ã
ξ΢Цתʧں֮ϡ
٣ǡϴնɱơͶǿߣûжٸоϣǿߣҵԽҵԿף
𵭵Ưţ·Ⱥӵмʮǿߣһǧ֣ûһˣĴڡ
ǾͷҲ޷о˫۾һֱϷһж

ֶ죬ֽУ
ֵ岼سһʱС
ʱʱ̿ڸڲһж
ಣ
һӰֽ
Ҷϣ
ɹһЩӣҶִݣ󷨣û˻ʲô
롣
Ȼ۷ӣӿֶԴĽ⣬ֳסҶȣʩ
һ˶ҶȼȴŹִһʵʳϣоŴϣͬٷ磬ҪŴͣ
ȻУ
ҶȿˣһӣڴʱҶͻȻһұۻӶ֮䣬ƾմƣ˲ϢΡ
󲽽硣
ȻһУһЩ֮ͻȻһֵľ޴磬Ҷǰ
Ҷϣ뱾Դ磬Ҫ£
ಣ
գۣߣӽǰֳ
ˣڣڳڵΪֶ죬ѾǳϼĴڣһֱΪػߣػڽԴ֮С
һһȭҶȵλʦ֣Ҫ£һڴҴǰ뻪ʦ̸
һڵߣ׵Եȣ
Ȼתڽ֮Уһ⡣
ͣ
һ̣ͻȻڵĿռ䣬һ˲֮䣬ȫضһشš
㣡㣡²ǿΪҲֲҶȵķͨ𺳣𽥵ص¡

ʱһӰڽ֮зɳ
ݣ
Ҷ˫һ֣һɹɽӿ׼Ӱʩչǿ޵Ľ
ţ
ոҪڽ⣬ͻȻǰĽ⣬ʱֹͷ
ڽ֮ϡ
䣡
һʱ䣬磬һͬؿʼ飬ڼĽ磬ȻֲҶȵһƬԴݿ㣬ȫ
㣬ҶϡҪʲôһѪŭڽȻֽ硣
Ȼ󡭡ֶ죡

ţҶֻһֶӣɭɭ
ͣ
𱻼ͷ­ͷ­׹·޾ԨҶһУ̾ͼʯԴʯȵȡ
Ҷȣɱֶ쳤ϣ
ִϣҶȣţõɱ
һɹǿֽ˷ʼޣڶ
ʲô
Ȼִϣţɱһϣ
ˣˣ
ֶʮڵӣ׷׾ǿֶ죬𶯵ֽ磬ľŲ


1435 о
ǺǣҶȰҶȣ˵ӼҲҧˣǹǽӴˣΪð
ѩڵҲھš
ЩѩԱһŵģ
ϴгԱĪҪҶζǵ£ѩת˵˫Уǵ⡣
ʲô
ֵӣһС
һ۵뼸ӺȾơ
ͻȻ𶯣Ʊˣ󺧣һԾҶȡôҶȣܣΪΣΪλͻȻֶ죿ӶԴ
ʦܣǸɣţû뵽ִϣҲͿԴԱһ꣬𺳵˵
׼Ϲȥ֧ԮţնɱҶȣ
վҲʼͷơ
ʦ˵Ҷˣ˼ر׶ԸʵҲˣЩ꣬δҵԸҶȵİ취ᣬȴͻȻֶ֣ȥЩͻȻǷҶ˵ԸʦΪУ֤ˣǸλĻթһֶ죬кΪʲôţʵֶ죡
ʦСֶ졭ҶȰ͹ȥ㣬ʲô
˷ȥ˼Ƭ̣Ҳٵظȥ
֮⣬һɳ֮С
ˣ
ͻȻ𼱻ǵسһУĪһУһӰͬķӡ
Īƺ֪⣬ֻǵʵôˣɲһԸ񣿡
ߣ֪𣿾֮ǰֶͻȻ𣬻ıɱˡҶȣ
ȹ£
ٿ䣬Īһ¹⣬¥˫ͫͷһĹ
֮ǰĵֽ磬ԸӦرǵǿߣȻҶնɱɱֶԴУӦð˾ŲʮΪӶֶԴ
Ҷȣʱ쳣֣Ī侲ʵ
ûУһϣһŵĳϣڸ֮£ƺûʲôף
ǹϵΣ
ǳԴҶȳΪִϣǾߵĺܽҶˣϵҲԽԽã
ô˵Ҷȵĺôãһɳʱӵ˵λʵȵʱڶֶˣ
ǲǡǶԸӦˣͻȻһȻɵؿĪ
Īɣë֪ҶȵֶΣ£ȥȣѾͻڣôڵʵӦôﵽһ٣ӽ١ʵҲȵ˻ᣡ
ɣ
仰һ޷šɻ󣺡Һò״Ϊڣôӵһ١ٵ
ĪͻȻ¶ɱ¾Ŀ⣬һδεĽ棬ûռϷ磬ɣһԹ˵ˣԺ֪ˣǱô꣬һֱӪţΪ˶ԸҶȣһֱ֪ҪԸ˵Ҳʵ컳ŲӶԴ뿪ֶ죬ǹǽ
ʵ񡭡ô죿ǳûϹƻվȡֶ죬ǳ뿪ֶ죿
Լľֻеӣκξٶ˵Ѿ֮ǰƻϻȥӽЩĵӣҪ֪ҶǷնɱ˻ӶԴ
ȥ
뿪
ˣȲҪʦϴʦԸϹͥʧһδָȫʢڵҶȰҶȣһΪ㲻ңʦԭһֱڵȴΪڣӵǿӶԴ뿪ֶ졭Ī˼һһۣ
ʦ㣬ʦܳɹˣ
ա
˫ֲᷨӡʱξֳվ
ţʦչֳӹɵִݣֽ磬͵ϮػߣնɱķѾӶŽ֮һԴ뿪ţ
ƺʲôξͫ
񣬺ȻʮɣŶȥ˰ӣиɣҽֽ磬ȡԴȫѹЩӣ뿪ţҲе໥ɱӶԷ
Ǿ޴ģǡẉ̂ӣϵĶʦ𣬶ЩĲᣬĵӣһЩĵɣҲҪʼжҲ᳹׷ѣ
ʱ䣬ҾרŸʦܣŶǶ
Ȼţٻң
ξתƿնȥһȦ
Ҳۣᷨӡ

Զʮ֮ա
һµҶȣڵȴʲôˡ

һŮӣԶҶȣ֡
ҶŮ֮ռٷȥ
֮
ŮӴҶȣһƬǳе󷨡
ͨӦҶȷϢǧۣʮǿߣǣʵҲضãֶӣмˣҴ󲿷֣ŮΪġ
ಣ
ŮӴҶȣϷǿߣ򿪽磬ҶŮӷ磬ͼһǰۼŲŮӡ
ֶŮӣѩԱ
Ҷȣеľ̾е꣬еĲмҶȽ빬У̾ͼΧżٸ֣Ƕ١
ʵУ
ֻΪ̫ڣֲһָ
ǿߣ΢΢һɨҶȣø߸ϣһĿ⣬ǰҶȡ
Ҷֵܣ
ϷżŮӵ£ǼŮӣֶĵӡ
Ҷȵһۣ߾ʮ飬ֶΧ˽ܵ˱ִֶϣҶȣֶ۵״ӣɽţ
ҶֵܣʵǸӣҶȱȭ
§һŮȻһЦ޷׽ҶֵܣֶԴ磬óôҿ۽磬˵ֶǳһţ
ЩԴ׸ǰģȻԣ
ҶԵΨΨŵŵʵʹ߶һ⣬һƬ֣ʱʯϡԴʯв٣һСɽƯڹС
⻹Ӷһ֣Ҷ˱ȭ
һɵţôôԴһǿߣ飬ֱˡ
һͬɫǿֶ̾꣬еĳһţȻＯٵԴ
ģȻߡ
ôģѾ֮ôԴɴ඼ġ
һ֣ҶһĴָҶֵܣȻǳ൨İģߣ˵ĻȻҪŵԣ
ǣ
Ҷ̰һö䣬ؽһŮӣŮٵݸߡ
䣬̫⣺ߣ汾ȥҪΪඥ
ǰϣǰඥΪһŲȱЩЩҶͻȻ֧֧
ǵģ޷ȫѹ޷Ԧ԰ɣ߲ȻһŭԵʮֲˡ
ٸ֣ȴвͬɫ
һˣվҶ˵֣ҶֵǿۣʶʶҲһֵķɰ


1436 ֮Դ
Ҳգ
վߣ£һ֣ٸҲ£Ӹ¸ҶȣȻԼԸ⣬չڴǰҲ޷˵
ҶһЦץסǿߣʩ񣺡λǰҶֻһϣ٣ϣΪλһľͷԴӴԺ󣬲òȫλϵɽ»𺣣ǣһƬģϣλǰĽɣ
˵ĺã
˶ʱֽкá
ʲôţҲͶ·Ųòίȫ
ϷԵʮ侲ɣҶȡ
ಣ
ҶȾ룬ڿȶ
ЩˡΪǲɽˮľأҲǷģҹඥҡ
ҶȻͷϢӦÿǿɫмЦõ䣬ҵڣӵԣ޵ĴУڷˣͳԽˡʱҸûп⣬ȥںԣһжȻ̤ڣӵȴ޷ҵָоΣҾҪӡҪԴɵʼͷβɵںϣ
֪Сӵǲǲȱģ
ٺ٣ֶţżֶһ꣬ʹһڡȻгܣǺкʱˣ
˵ļǣߣȻԵõҶȵԵȥඥҺҶܹٺ٣ǵĻᣡ
һǿߣ໥ͨ
ԭǶĻ̥ߣҲ㼯½磬һʺưˡ
ͣ
˲䣬ҶȵըӡʧˣͬʱԪ̫⡢޼˻ס̫һԼӡֻһ뾪˵
찡
ĺȻһ̣жǿߣɵͳͳվ
⡭£ôܴôǿؼǣӵŽ𵤣֮ϵߣҲס˺𺳲ѣ͸ӦѾҶȳΪŵܡ
ΪӵŽ𵤡
𵤣ܷ˻ˣ󣬶ֻгһš
һˣӵŽ𵤣Ҫôˣͻܵɣ˱һˣӵǿһ
һٸ֣ߣ˼飬Ǵô꣬޽֮ش꣬ȥδǿŽ𵤹ĳ
ֲôѸ٣ʵҲס
ҶȴܰӰ죬ȵؿߣǰඥ֮Ҷȶ
ˣ
ߣӶ˫ۣٵƣͬ񷷭ӿ𣬶ģڿϲû뵽죬ôõһǵڶԪһԶ
ಣ
հ㣬ӿ˲ϢҶȣжľٵʼӿҶڡ
ҶȣŽ𵤣ֻɵڵУ޷𵤣ʹܰɵںϣ㱻ڣɣʩչ߶뵤
ߴʱһɴüĿע
ǣ
ҶһЦʲô޷ںɵⶼӡ֮ĽȻʼľګǱؿʼӡ
ֻڵԣʼӿͷ⣬γһɳɫϢȫԽɵ
ҶȽӡַĪ⣬ǿߣһӡ޷
ϧǲȱģ
·ÿǿߣھ̾
ǰϣǰܰڵо飬ڸԡǿеҶȣٴΣɬ
ͳȫ㣡
߿ʼͬķӡֻԴϷӿһɹɵԪϢƺҪеһо飬ҪȡҶȵڡ
Խǿң͸ڰͲãҶȸϿͻڣñնɱǶᣬơ
ܵˡ
Ҷ𽥽һҵ״̬
״̬չôǿǰʮΣյģҶȻѡ
Ϊ֪ЩǿߣṫȻ֣ߣǰͻڣҲ޷в
һ㣬ҶȾû˿һУնɱ
ҶȵԺ磬ͫУֻߣһ·£бչصĳңͻڣֵؼڡ
ںԣԣϾᵽΪ󣬱Ҫһ֡ԴΪԴ
ҪɵϣںϳԴҪȫԣ̫ѣҺҿһԡ
ҶǰߣϵһУһо
Що飬ΪģǶᣬ޷ô壬ǴʿǱʶļ䡣
Ҷմ֮󣬿ʼ߹ඥ뵤ڵںϣʱڣûѪҲûںϵԡ
͡
ӿ½֮ʡ
ȻŽ𵤿ʼҵĦ
ۣ
Ħ΢ҶȣӰ޴ɱһƣȫ𶯣̲סһѪ
ҶȰһ̾Ȼ֪ˣڵż֮ǰԭҪɵںϣ˵ѡ
ӡ̫żˣ
ǿǣ׷ҡͷ
ңҲżඥǧѷ꣬мΣһǿߣЦ˵ָͬܡ
ͣ
ǰĵ磬ԲϵҪǿӿŽ𵤣𵤣ǿҵĦ𵤶ھҡΡ
Ҷȡȴڸˡ
ָоֹ̣ɣɣ
ڣҶȸܵڵļѣζ˵ͬúذ㳩죬һֱĻʵۣͻȻ뿪˹һ㡣
ΧЩǿߣߣΪҶȾôСڿһĺϷ
ҶȺȻۣһѪεؿǿߣλǰʵʹ࣬ϣλǰҲڵо飬
һ̿Ϸ֣أ
û⣬ΪǸðһߵȡ
ಣ
һʱ䣬ߵ⣬עҶȵڡ
ҶȣġԺȫڳÿǿߣеĻ档
ںС
ǱڱС
ƯżʯľС
ҲˣԼռС
죬һ䣬һ١
˵۷壬ͻưɣҾǶٵĴڣԳԽɵϣǿ
ȻǰˮʣұȻеĳҲȻһ֣Ȼ
ڻհɣҵҵĵҰһ
Ҷȿÿǿߣڵʹ취ĸǴ֮УսʤԣںԣΪ١
ͣ
˾ʱҶ𽥵ط֣ʵǿȥںǴģΪɵеֻǴڲͬĲ棬ͬĸ߶ȵˡ
ͬԴ
Դ
νġԴ
ҶȽҪɹأŽڵɵȫںһ飬ᡰ䡱Ĺ̡
粻ͬܣ޷ͻơ


1437 ͻ
ںо飬Ҷ֣ʵνġԴͬڽ֮Уֲ¼̵ɵ֮Уٹ̣𽥳Ϊԣںϵͨ
ǣԴ
Ҷﵽĸ߶ȣͨԴȣʮǧĲ࣬ԴԴȻӵдԡ
ͣ
ա½𵤣Ҷ֮𶯸ӾңΪҶȰ߹ڵȫ߶ԣǿнŽ֮УƣŽ𵤣Ҫܲסը
ⳡ̣ҶȵһоҲûУЩǿߣƺǳڵʱ򣬱һ
ҶȣҪǿгƽ𵤣һѣ㽫ΪˣҪඥʵѾһأ
ӹඥʼ˿̣Ѿȥһʱ
߲ΪҶȣװóҶʵմһ˫ֱġ
ϧһ㡭
ҶȻ޷˵ʲô֮һƣ̬
ū澣úϢһָ㣡΢΢֣һλòŮӣҶȣ󷽡
ţֿǿǣλ࣬ҶܷڣͿ컯ȥúϢɣ
ǣ
ʩת뿪
Ҷȡĺӣͷˣ
뿪֮УƫҶڷʳһЩҩϻָ
ǰ߽Ҷվʩ񣬴Ҵ¡
Ҷ֣ҿ
Ҷ߹ȥǣ
Ҷǰһ̣Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻһƿؿռ䣬Ϊһֻ֣ȻѹҶȵͷ
ǰҶŵ޷
ߣͬӥСָ𽥿Ҷͷ˲ӿҶȵԪ󣬶¶аЦݣ̰˵ҶȣôõǱʵ˷ˣܷӵ£
ҶȾţǰ㲻尡
壬˵ĺðûãȻҲûкҩԣѩ˵˱һĻСˣ˵ʲôͶңҪֶ޷㣬㻹Ͷˣ̫ΪһжΧתϧǣ̫Ϊǣϣ֪ж٣ɥ֣֮лԴ㽫ΪǿķǱ
߷ЦȻ󡭡Ȼֹ
ָӿȼյĻ棬ԪʼҪҶԪ󣬳顣
̫Сˣ
עҶȣͻȻ¶սĹЦ
ƣ
ûߣҶ⸱Цݣ̺ʱͷ֣һɰԪһɿӡϵشҶͬĩջɽ¡һ
áôǿ󣬲˼ҪŲ֣ϧҶͷŵ޷һ¡
ȻҪҾֱ·
ȻƲﶯ֣ԵپƣֱҶͷֱȥ
з򣡡
һ̣һ֮Ҷȵ塢ͷӿֻȫԼƣ׷׵ؿʼ飬壬ʧȥƽ⣬йòͣ¡
˲Ϣзκͨոʩչͱ֮飬𺳵ضվҶȣ㵽˭ǿٰһϣӵеģ
Ҿң˽⣬ִֶϣҶȣڣҪ㳼
˵꣬ҶȱһһԪӡǣһģ¡һߵķȻ󣬻š

ʹҽţɱ㣬ε
ԡӵĴԣԴԴϵԪӡЧͫѪ˿ٴδҶȣȴҶȣѾǰһ޷սʤľˡ
ᣡ
˫ֺʮҶ¶Ц

зʧƻָɵߣȴʹ˫ֱͷ˫ڵذ̤κƶ޷ͷţʹӶڱΡ
ΪԪ󣬱µϵر޴ĥԪСԪ񣬸ֲס
ס֣ס֣ҪɱңҶȣҪɱҰҪĥҰ㣡
߲ʹ࣬ͻȻ룬չ˫֣סҶȵ˫ţͬؤһ㡣
Ҷ˫һ֣λ£ǺãҾһʵʵţҪκ˽Ѿ֪˲ϢͿĨɱԪ񣬶ңû˽ÿҵķӡʵֻεնɱ㣡
ǣǣڲʹ࣬Ҳ𽥵ƺһӣ࣬ͷɢ
ҶȵҪͻڣΧٶзֺʧɱ㣡
ǣ
һ仰߻ŵö¡
ӡ
ҶƬͷһ⣬ȫ󷨣ں֮ǰ磬γµļ󷨡

֨֨
ڽ𵤣ȻǷӡ˹ڰͨ𵤣Ҷȼ֮ǰδɵĸ򣬿ʼ߶ԣϵǿгŽ֮С
̣һԵߣֻð亹ΪҶʲô£һʧܣ䣬Ҫܵǣ
ȻҲϣҶȳɹھôͨҪͻڣɱ٣
ţţһҲʧˡ
ǹͨصȻʹ࣬ںϸУȴһؿĸоսң
һδεش߶ԣǿнŽ֮УƽҪ飬ȴ쳣ֻǲϵ𶯣ÿһ𶯣Ҷȴʹ࣬ģȫڳ
ʱ·ֻԣŽ𵤣϶ԿһĻ
ö֮
ʮ죡
Ȼ䣬Ҷȵüͷһ˿ЦݣͻȻֹͣԣǿӿŽ𵤣ŽУѾԹâνԴҶǿУ𵤳ɹɵġ
£ϣûһˣôʱ䣬ǿȥ𵤣˸ңҲʧܣ޷Եǿгȣ䡣
ǣҶȴɹˣ鹦ǿĽ𵤽磬ᣬУǿоǶԵļԦ
ѵɹˣûа
ȻֹͣеҶȣߣЩͷԣ֪ҶĪЦʲôȴδسɹ
ӡᣡ
ͻưɣڣ
Ҷ˫һ֣ӡڿʼ⿪
ֻԣӿҶȻա½𵤲ͨģս޵ΰģ½ǺڰУһŻΪһŻΪڰ
ƾһŰɫɫ顣
찡ǺεȵĴڣ
ߺôҲǿߣա½УֵǴݵԣѾ˿־ζ
֨֨
һƽ֮ͻأԱա½֣ʼ֣Ҷ֮ǰḶ́𵤡Ԫں֮ڣеĶγһߡ
½ʦãҲġ
ʱͻ֮еҶȣǰƺƮһ㷢
㷢У·һڶ΢ЦŮӡ

ԣһεںϣա½𵤣ҲʼԶתڰϢȻ΢ĽӴ
ڡͻˣ
ͻƻڽУҶȣȴѾ¶Цݣƽ֮ʹ࣬ΨвͻƣҪߣһ


1438 Ѽӿ
ڣɵӴԵĿʼ
һ䡣
ɵӴʼһʼӴγ޷Ԥϵı仯ǻ𣬻ǼԦںϡ
ǿߣǿͨ£Ԫ£ѱ仯ƿԼУͻƺ⡣
ߣͻڵĿܣͨ˸аա
ߴӿʼѿʼӴԣԹעǰƿءӦԣ̤ȻӦ֡
ͻˣ
߲֪Цǿ޺ã֤Ҷͷһ̣֪ҶǶߣӵдԣӵѪѪ󲿷ߣ޷еģǰпܡ
̣Ǵͷɥ
ףһҶգɼġ
ͣ
ɽ֮ȻҶȣһЩͬâһ۵УȻڰĳ֮У۶ɣһɺڰԣԵײ㣬Ҳڲϵߡ
һŽ𵤡
ս𵤱棬һ̵âֱһա
½ǸӺڰ׹⣬ȼգڰ໥ų⣬໥оƯڵУΨһڵ硣
ڵУȫǹڰԣһȻֱںԣΪһ޽֮ذ㣬ɫ
ɫ̫һڵϸ֮С
Ҷȵӵ䣬һֹŵһͬɵ֮ǰҶҪӾˣһǿѲ
ҶǱʵ
𣬻Ϊһֻ޴ˣѪȼţеϵؾȼеʣﵽȱĸ߶ȣԽκζ١
δֲ˼꣬ҲʶһԦԵĳ̶ȣԶѩˣȻѱӣ
һԵߣеŭйһϡ
ѩ
ʱ䣬һ¸ͨǻ龻֡صĺˣҪ㾿ںη
ҶͻȻеƣƽɨߣȻʵ㣬Ҫ뷨м죬֪ʵûԪӡƿ㣬Ҫɱ㣬Ҳ˲Ϣ֮£
ಣ
˵꣬ҶȾʧԹâ֮С
ŵĸ֨亹ëһֱ˷ﻹʲôӰʲôϢȫˣ
ֶ죡
ֽ磬󹬵֮У
ʮǿߣҪִϣҪڲϣǶһơ
Ϸξ뼸ߣˣֶ죬ưȴһֱڶС
һߣڵ۷Ϊʵǿһټûʲô࣬΢΢һ֮̾جģ
·һЩߣ֪µԭίǷ׷׿һߣһϣܾװˣԪϣɱͽҶȣðٵ˶
Ҫɱ
ξ˵ˣһڣ˶ڣҪǣӣעĵɣ֮ǰʮ뿪ڵĻ̻̣ѹ¸൳ɻ뿪ţ
ԱһλɭɭصҶ֮£Ԫ飬ʵ죬һУնɱϣôһٵֻԪųſѹ
ˣˣ
ͻȻһӣŵر빬ˣԪϣ״𣬴ˣڼ֮ڣȫ뿪ţ𣬴ҪԱղǿնɱͨػʦ֣ɹ룬ϫ齨ĵɡ¡ԱҲһ죬ȫʧϫӣѾʧȥټ
ϫӣ
״Ӱ
ڳˣһʱ񣬳𺳣𺳣
״ţΪŵĵӣǴֶ죬õۣԴڹɾͷͬѰ𣬻ۣ˫Ƕô޷
ǡǾţ
ξҲһ˿㵣ȴκ˶Ҫǡеĵأ
ɶԹۣӡöѡ뿪ڴӶûУǸӣ˵
һԪϵϰŵĵһ飡
ǣ
ת뿪
һԪλһŵĸǣŵңǲң˾ְʼѹң
뿪
𰡣ʦεĿ㣬ĵģȥΪֶ޷ɳΪͷڵģ
ξ뿪֮ǰһٷ֮󣬲뿪˹

򣬲ԶһǳС
֮ͤУԶ
Īһīۣ쳤Ц
վԱߣһߣȻٵΪżٸ֣ĪͿ
һ֮ߣĪߣĪӣ֪ʲôʱ򣬿԰Ѵǰܸʶ
ǵңƵ򣬻УĴѰҶȵ䣬˲ɱʦǷģʦ˼ңεȵʵϹ֣ͥΪδָȫʢڣѡʦ𣬲ǵѡ񣡡
Īתߣ𾴣ǲʧϵ˵
һֶʲôڲӦֻмʵһٵǿ߶ѣֻǽʮּ̣ǿ类Ϸ£
żлᣬлᣡ
ĪһδЦ뼸ǿȥ֮һ§סǸ֪һУڱƲãҪлǸҶȣƻҲ˳չ
Щδѡھ뿪ֶ죬Щˣڵֶ쳹߽⣬õԴ֮뿪Ц
ǳ£Ҷȴˣȥ˺δϢͲˣܸоʲô£
ĪЦЦ
ˡ
ϣͷö
һ棬ģܣܱƿصʵʱʱ̿Ұ취ҪҶȵƿء
ǣγԣ޷Ը
ʱôʧȹϵϣת
ߣеͽ޹
Ȼ䣬ҶϢͳǰϣһϢ޵ģ֮ǰǰ񱩡
ҡң
֧֧ǿ־塣
ಣ
һٷȻӰƯҶǰһץһٷˡ
ʦܣˣϫӴźˣѾţĺĵӣɣ뿪ţڵţѾˣľԱ״̬ץʱ䣡
ξ˲Ư
𡭡ϫӣҶһٷϢʧ
ϤӦ˵϶֣һ״֮УΨһ붴ۣͬһ
дõĽ
ֶ̤죬ֶ֪ţ׹
µ֮һϫӣ
Ҳ齨ĵɣ뿪ֶ졣
ҶȲȥֶ죬֪ڵжҡ
ڣһڼƻԤ֮нС
ҶͻȻһ裺ߣʱðΪͼı龭һһǧҪΪ㲻˵ҲԪļ䣬ֻǵҳ֮ʱΪһܣ


1439 ˮ
ܣ

ŵһ£֪³־ͷȻƵĿܣҲ١
ҶȾ£̺ͨ䣬̬ʵѩһģ˵Ϊλıֶ죿
ѩ֮ǰʶһ죬иˣͻȻھɽҵңʱֵɽ籬֮ң½磬ѰһЩԴõ취ͻư񣡡
ҵңһͬԸֶ죬ҲٵĺôϾֶǳһţһӰΪԴСˣұֲջ̶һֶͬ죬Ȼѩֶ첻֮󣬱ңʱҾסѩҲǺֶӦ
ѩŮˣ̫̰ȡֶۣһͳֶ죬ΪṩŮˣȻΪΪϣΪͽӴˣұվڱ󣬵ȴᣬıֶԴȻ͡㣡
һپͷһʵѹ£ʵʵҶȣ³µȥ
˵꣬ŵöûѪɫ
ҶȻƽ飬־ͷǰʮּ򵥵ģô˵ҲֻǸ˼ƻеһӣ
ţߵͷ
Ҳʵ˵һһӴˣҵˣΪãڿʼװʲô¶δѩ磬ȻȴһƻκζҪһʱ֪ͨң
ҶȺȻվҰԵޱȣǰͬһ赲úΪҰ£õĺôһУ룬ҼԦԵͨҲʶˣڻ鷳֮Ҳǲܣ
ಣ
ٿҶȾʧˡ
֮
һճģȻҶһû˼Ȼأһϣͷ
ĺ֮У
һ˫۾Ȼڶ·ȺĶ
ʦϢ
ͻȻһеĻֳһ˿뾪ϲ޾ա
ȻҶȴһ߳Цݣʩ񣺡ʦ֣οίˣ
𲻾СڣӭҶȵʲôŶϲʦܣ˳ڣ£ɲˣ
ңɹҿԣͨͨҵָʹ붭ǵˣʦ֣
²ɣҶȹϵͷ
˺һԶγһɱԴ⣬ҶȵΧʱա
ţǻʦֵʵôһɣԴ㣬ͬıԴϢֲãһֱ͸ʦֵʵԭҲţԴͨ
һҶû뵽ͨȻ·ĺȺؼ½֮ϹŮӣòףͨߣѰҳģغϢ
龻֣
ԺԪһ޴֣Ǵﵽڵĸ߶ȣҶʽٵңߡǰʵ龻־޴ˡ
ˣ
龻ֿʼתպòף߶ߣλϹŮӰ£õϢ𽥵Ȼɢȥ
һʶ𽥵硣
ˣ
ֻǸո·ȺһϤϢͱҶȸӦȻһץϢ˫֮䡣
غ˵Ϣ
ȻαװϢҾһռԽԽ࣬ӦڣܾʹЩ
ˣȻ̾Ƭ
µ˿Ϣ龻ƿأᣬԽԽˣӴ
ʦܾȻֲͨʡ
һԵĻĬĬҶȣȴҲҶȵͨ𺳵˵ȻڴȻ֮УҵһˣʧõͨǶô˼ֶΡ
⽫Ҷе˵جΣ
ʱ䲻ϵʧ龻صӦķΧѾ˼飬ɽʱա
ȻϵĺˣҲ붭ǱĺӰͬˣ
Ӧ֮УȻҲǵҶ֮ǰĵط֮̾أҲܵ΢ĺϢ
ȻӦģ
龻ޱȻѰͬϢӣȻûͣգȥ
龻־Ͳٶһ£ΪеϢϿͣš
ᣡ
ҶͻȻ˫ַֿ˲Ϣվת𣺡ʦ֣Ǳ֮˵Ϣʧ֮У֮ˣֶӣһܣǱţ
Ŷɲⲻһʱʱ̶̿Ǳǵ࣬һ޷ԤϰԾ̾
ʦ֣鷳ţҪȥѰϫӵ˵䣬ҪǷҲǺйϵ
ȥɣҲڡˣﻹܰ㣬ٶȿҪӿ죬Ѿڶҡ֮У
ǣ
Ҷ˲ͷתƿնȥ
ʦȥ磬޷ӦͨǿռͨӦһֲʦܳɳôˣʦ𰡣۹⣬ôϬ
ĿҶȥĬһ󣬴žȣ·Ⱥһһ
𡭡ϫӣǵϢԶӡ֮УԣӲҵĸӦ
ҶȲ֪Χûн룬ֻξ򵥽һõϢȻ߶龻֣ӦϫӵϢ
֮УÿӵϢ
ˣ
龻֣ʼѸٵתÿһתԸӦϫ򣬻ΧյϢȻ󲻶ϵɢ
ҵˣ
Ż龻˵һ𶯣ҶһԾգɽ񷣬Ϸ޽֮ء
޽֮أҶһٷС
ǰƺǡɳɽڵʱգ
ȻҶȸоһ˵·һʲôϢʶ޽֮صɣɳɽ
ϫõɳɽйصĪҪ޽֮㣬Ҫɳɽ
һ˼⣬Ȼٶȣǰ籩ʱУϢҴ󲿷ֵֶӣϫҲС
ңмٵϢ
Ҷϴ߶Ԫʱ֮Уǿʵ˿޽֮صķ籩ʩչԪϢԦռͨӾˣںߵ״̬¡
ϢֶЩѵӣһͣ£پͷ
ʱУһ麮ķʣֱﵽʮ治ͬ͸һɺ

ҶȼԦ籩ϣһ磬ΧʮǿߣѲߣڲм٣һپͷ
֮ҶȾһѵĺĵӣݻʵϫӣپͷһ֮С
߿Ʋ󣬵ڲ󷨿ռ䡣
ٻǸŮӡ
δóȻߣҶȲý룬ܸӦڲһУһ꣬ȴò绨ŮӣҶȵǰ
һѩ£ʮͷɫڣŮųķ飬ϫ
ŮΪȶǡҪǿһ֣Уεʵģһ࣬ҲһͷϵϢʶɳɽŮϢһϢɳɽǿߣ
ҶȲϸӦһ뵽ɳɽϫϹϵô


1440 
ɳɽǳԽŵĴڣ޽֮أǶǿߣĸɵ֣ˮ޽֮أɳɽһ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ϫӺôı£Ȼɳɽߵ׽
ҶһЦϢȴ˿ʼ̸
˰죬ϫʵڣһڣһڲϽŮӵĹඥ֮
ϫӵˡ
ֲãҪֶ죬ԭһΪඥľͷӻ
ϫĵ̣ǲںһȻĺ飬Ϊ֮壬ɳɽȵģҲûмˮŮӣͷһ⣬ϫڳ
ϫŮӹ£лʦȫ
ŮȻ̾˫ʥֻ꣬һӡҾһֱյӣ˭Ȼڤڤ֮УõͰҵˣϵһ˼Ҳ޷Υ
ϫ뿪ֶ죬Ӵˣʽʦ£
ţˣΪȥ֮뿪ɳɽô꣬һֱһᣬΪҵĵӱ𣬽ˮնɱϧһֱûлᣬΪʵΪʦҲԽնɱ
һʵ
֪ʲôԭˮǰֻǸƽӹŮӣԴɳɽڲڱ䣬ŮΪһǧɣҪɱѲףΪͽϣΪʦ£ŮնɱΪǿĵͽ𡭡
ϫûʦ
ϫӹ£ͷ
ԭ
֮⡣
ҶڻϤһУϫõǰԳ˫ʥŮͷӣ֮µϫʶ¡
˫ʥ뿪ɳɽˮƺޣϫӣҲѱ֮£ϫϡ
ɣϫӳΪǿߣõĻ
Ҵˮϡܵ˵סһֱϣ֪𰸣ϧһֱûлᣬΣǿԴ˫ʥϫ֣
Ȼ䣬һͷҶȵԺ
ˮ
ضǿŮӣ˫ʥͷҲûаնɱݺ޽֮ض꣬ɽ磬ΪĿеľˡ
ھ͸Ӧһ£Ǹصĺˣ˫ʥûϵ
Ҷ̴߶龻֣˫ʥ棬ϫڵϢڵϢ
ûǺ˵Ϣ
ѵϫӱţ޹ءиܣϫйأ˫ʥûκιϫӣͬЩŵӵԭ򡭡
һӦûκջ
ΣϫӴˣţˣҪʦͽ䣬Ȼʱûջȥ
ҶȻ˺ԶߣȻ뿪֮أְѵοӡԶ֮½硣
صԶգξڵҶȡ
ʦ㣬ϫӵټҵ
ҶȼξͰ޽֮أţ󲿷ֶһһ߸ξ˫ʥ
ξ˼һƺĸӣҲԤϣԭ˫ʥɳɽһǿߣܶǰɽ磬ʱ٣Щ꣬һֱûټԭ뿪ɳɽɳɽһ˽Уʦܣ㴦ĺܺãûжϫӳ֣Ϊ˫ʥȷûаգͲҪ֣ͻڣǿߣиͨ
ţϫӣܻ㴦ãȥ䣬ʦ㣬ܿͻˮʯ
Ҷȱȭ֮뿪ˡ
ʦܵʵѾﵽ٣ܸߵˮ׼˰ɣЩţӣҲ𽥱ϳ
ξʧ
ԶС
Ҷʩչ龻֣ѰϢ϶֣ǰڶ״ӵķϣҶһֱûôڼȻţôҶȾͲ˼ɡ
ˣϢȻ޷ѰãŶԭˣһǰϢͷͨϢע֮УΪģǲ뱻ǯơǿѰңܴģˣͳ꣬뿪߰ɣ
𣬲״ӣҶһʱû취
ǣһƲɣ취
ҶҵͳıϢ̴߶龻֣ʼӦ
龻־͸ӦͳڣλãھԶĵط
գۣҶƿն·һɳأֶɳء
˲䣬ɳΧɳУʮֶӣУЩ𣬼˳ԱôӵӣȫǴͨߣ޷
ңǹûӵԶѡΣյĵط
ಣ
ҶȳɳأһۡϿգպüһϤӰڶһֵӷ
Ҷ˵ӰˣвǣҪЮͳꡣ
ܣܣܲң
ͳ꣬϶ǸӷƢ
ӣģ˰죬Էһˣӵµ˵
ȥ룡ͳ
ӣ˵㲻Ҫ֮ǰСӣȵһ𡭡
ž
Ӹ˵꣬һȵİƣϡ

ͳһǸӣæ뿪ʣͳ꣬һرͷʹޡ

Ҷ΢΢һֶ̤죬һˣû뵽ŮˣֶΣͳ꣬ͳ꣬һ
ֻǿͳ꣬Ϊ̤ʯûôͬõң
ಣ
˲һҶȾѳһƬһģĴլԺ
ȻϢŶҲȻ
ǵȫѹ򣬿Ѱң֪ͳϣףҵټ
һǱ֮С
ʩչԪҶֱӴ󷽷Ժ䣬ӦڣȴҶȲ׿Ժ·һռ䣬һǿߣΪ
úгԱʵűҶ䲻ͷԼϢ˭ҪǰԼϢֶӦǱֹɱ⣡
һϤŮҶȵĿ⡣
ԺֻһϤףϷ·ʮֶӣһڵĴڣȻһŮ˹¡
Ůˣ
һĳۣ΢¶磬޳ֳڱչ֮УһУʱƹܣ
ǣ˼æ뿪ˡ
תһ̣ҡͷǰûκεĴڼֵڡȴҪ¡
㷭ˣҶ䳰һŮˣӵӵһЫĳ֮
ӣȻɵ۵ΪΪг裬ǿɶֶ죬ɵ۵ӣ׷ߣС㣬
ȥ
Щɵۣ֮䣬һƣЩ˸ߡ
ΪѾﵽڣ
Ůˡ
ҶҡҡͷѾκεĶˡ
תҪ뿪
ӡǺǣͻ֮УҲҵƿ֮£ȫ֪ǱһֿƵģ
ͻȻ˵һ䣬ҶפĻ


1441 Ī
𣿡
Ȼ䣬һҶһȻһմݶ
ǡĪҶȴ󾪣˫üһȻĪһ飬ֶıʣҲĪŹϵ
ӿʼҶȾ;ãĪŹֶ졣
ȻΪĺ֡
ӣ̣
һʩչͨ߿գɳǳأڵһɳ룬һС
ĪϢȻ
빬Ҷȱֳ˽룬ڸӦĪ΢Ϣʱʱ̣̿ҶͷУڸˮ档
Ӧʼ͸
Īһп֮࣬ڣмٸ֣һٵ١
ӦǣԴ֧ԮĪĸ֡
СֲܰôˣԵʧ˻һ㡭Ī֮ͤ£ҶȣÿԸǡ
ֱӽӴĪΪͳͳֳĪΪԭ̤˶٣ֲϢͨ˵ãʣԼдΪṩһֱ޷Ӧڣ
Īڣ
ֶ֮󣬸ֲͷʵһԾǧȻڣһڳΪǿߣȻִһٿ٣ʵ붭ǡߴͬ߶ȡ
ѡ񣬹Ȼõ
һ֮Īӣֶ죬һƵģΪβңɱֶ죬УӶۺԴϴαҶͻȻ֣˲ٵԴ
Īʱ򡭡ںģҶȵ䣡һ첻ĸ󻼣Ҳʦ𽻴ֶΣȻҿԻȡԴΪҵĵ̣ҲΪ㣬ƿֶ죡
ҶȴˣȷЩͣҪɱҪǧУ
·δǣҶȵڣһĻᵽҶȣǺ޵úһҧгݡ
ԣãֻҶ뿪ֶ죬ɽ֮ҲҲǿȥʦ֮ʦָȫʢ֮ҶͨҲʦĶ֣˵ʱᱻնɱ
ĪЦȻӪ꣬ڿֶ֣ģ˶ãұֶ󲿷ֵɣһһۼͬԸֶ죬ɱУ
ūԶ湫ӣӷģūҿջˣǲڽ£Ωӣūֻбˣ
ͬĪĪΪ⣬ʱʱڡ
ϧվ붭ǱĺˣĪΨһɻ󣬾ǺĪǷйϵ
һˣûаܣĪټֵ֪ܡ
룬Ȼǲż֣ҶȾ뿪˳ǳأһѻص֮ĸ߿ա
ಣ
ξһӰֳ
ҶȼξһǰԽǧ׾룺˴ջĪ򸽽ңűʣֱϵ
Ī
һӵӣΣƻţξһһЦͷɱ
·𣬵ڵǸξֻˡ
ҶֵĪ˼ŲٵɣڱĶԼǡߣԼվ𱳺ľͷֱӹϵ
һ£ӰôپͷӦûǸ£룬ʦ𣬴Ӱܾ£ôͷĪû뵽㵽񣬻ǹţ
ʵִʱҸһ裬ԣ𲻻Źңֶ졭Īȴţʦĳ裬ţɱңѽͷ֮ޣ
ξһŪȣеˣ
ʱͬգֶĪǴĵӣȷһָʵҪţǴ۱˳֣ҡеӣֲֶһУ
ţҲǴ۵ͨҲǴǻһƣڴУֻһĴڣУǴϢǿĻᣬǵĻᡭû⣬ֻҪŬ˵סţǳΪҲûпܣ
Ī⣬ҲŲµóˣȻ֪ڵĵɣ޷ƵţԲپͷٸֶ֣ԴΪնǵݻţˣʦ㣬ѱҿƣ֮ǰȡߵԴ
Ҷץסһö䣬ξ
ξõ䣬ڣͫһ֮ɫߣ
һĻֶΣоտҴ㣬͵¼ʼٸߣЩͷһ֣ͬҿߵ⣬ҪŪжļƻȻƶӦ취һ򾡣ֻбǸˣһֱ޷ȷݣΪɲ⣬ͨޣпܡʦңѰҵǸħͬԴĵӣȻҪŴ޷ԤϵĲƣʦĶ
ξӦȷпܣǸħͬԴӣôãȻ⣬޷ƻţʲôˣͰ˵ȥһϢ֪ͨңһͬԪϣһƶӦ԰취ôپͷţֵ֮Σգ
Ȼߣ
ҶȱȭξףȻ߿ա
ɽ綯ֶ죬̭ݬӵĻᡭξЦݣת
ߣ
֮ҶȾ֮̾أϢߡ
һҶȣûŵüæһֱûʲôҲڵȴ˵˼
ѩأҶȲ¡
ѽһֱңûгɹѹ㣬Ȼ˵ѹˣȻ˵Ҫˣʵش
ҶһվܺãҾ㣬һͬȴᣬҲµĲĻ˻һЩͷһͬɱֶ죬ӶԴô˵ôǧҪֲףΪͨ
ǣ
ಣ
Ҷ̴߶ǧͼڵĹУ뻪ʱʱ̱̿ϵ
ֶ죬ֽ磬ֵһ
ʦܣŸɷ׷룬뿪㽻õϫʦãҲǰã뿪ţǻΪ㣬ҲҪ뿪أ
ʮĵӣһֵӣ󣬾ٱơ
ҿֵӣϴۿأźλϫǵ֮У
¾Ʊ˵ܶ࣬ѳΪֵеĴһͬӡֽ󷨣Ǹȥģ
˵ҶȣǸ˴ǲƬ̰նҪѲߡ޲󷨡
ǰ費ˬΪ๤Ƶģ
һЩĵӣ֪ɣǺ˵Խ״
ѵλɶһɵ䣬ǵ̬ȣǵˣǲߴһ
˵п࣬³
ǿɲͲ
ţ
˺ĵӣ׷³졣
ಣ
һ⣬ͻȻһߣʦܣһڽ
ǣ
վǵ⣬˲Ϣʧȥʼ磺ͶɣֵǺúʹһ


1442 һ
Ҷʱʱ̿ǱڰУȴ붭ͷܵغٻչֶжڵı
һ²֪ȥ
ѩ
еҶȣһԹķһתʱȻӦʲô˲Ϣ뿪գߵڵĹ
Ȼһѩ㳤۵ѩڴѩԱӭ£֮У湪
߿ȥδκβ֮ͬȻһа̰ѩȻ֣һѩ
ٿµϵӿѩڣ˲Ϣֵڸ߶ȡ
һ֮
ѩʵһأæʩȻ󹧾ʵʦҶСӣںδ
ʦƿţҪС˼Ҷȣɣ֣߰һץһͻȻͷų
ಣ
Ҷȴſ־壬ֳѩԹʦ㣬㡭㾹Ȼ壬ҴӦ㣬ȴ˶ԴҡǰڳǸЦα
ͣ
ѩһ̲סЦ̬ȻںҶʦܣҾ£㣬ѩأűξأſأһΪĵӣҵĴڣʱҾ취һҪɱɱ棬һֻԹԼ̫ɣ֮£ûоԵķҲûоԵԲ⸱Ը԰˭ΪѣôҲһַǳҲףý³ԹñˣֻܹԼ
ǿͬŰҶȸŭԵģ߬ȭͷ
ʲôͬţҼ̫ӣʲô״ӣֶۣʱεĴڹǵиʻӣǰǾ״ĪĪʦܣ
ĪǱţ
Ӧñ꣬Ī֮ʱŲǸոսڣأѾﵽٵĸ߶ȣأأξأȻԭ̤һţƵģ
ѵαţĪǸ棬й
Ҷһ𾪣ƳԾѡ
ǣȴʮ侲֮ʳô࣬ǣ׳ѩֶڣʲôͬˣʲô˼ƻš
Ȼƻ㣬Ҫȫг
ѩңҲ㣬Ҷȣεȵǿ˵㣬ЩͷĶ֡
Ϸߣƿо棬ĿҲʮʵЩαװġ
ΪòαװҶƬ̾ܰΪܡ
Ϊһ㣬Ҷѩһ֮УѩıԸֶ죬汻Ϸˣơ
ѩһƳҶȣͫǳЦĮ԰ֶ첻ۣĪţص˼ҾȻͶ˰ľͷϹͥսĴܣԶҲĪĽŲʵֶ죬ôڻһڵĵӣ
ԡţ
˵ôѡ˵Һ񱰱޳ܵСˣʵҡĪԼеĺĵӣĸԸ˹£ҵѩһ죬ѩȡֶ죬񣬻ˣĪдɽҡʲôֶ۱ҲǴĶֶֻ֣ʱ⣬ΪΣҲʱһѡѵҪŴһͬȥ
ߡĪʲôô
ϷֶԴҡȻȡֶۣΪΨһףһУ㶼Ǽ֤ߣ
Ⱥ߹Ҳֶ죿ЦǿЦĪǶٸ֣Ƕֶ֣ܸ죿ǻѴ
Ҷȣ⸱أ㲻֪ν
ѩ֨֨һЦǲмȻƾ޷Ըֶ죬ɴһͳһͬԸֶ죬룬ֶжٵɣѩ֮Իֶ죬ǵȴеɣӣһֶͬ֡ңǣʦľͷ룬Ϊܣáֵֶܵס𣿡
ܼƻɵİɣһϯҶֶơ
Ǻǣ죿ѩŪ꺢ӣ˵죬꣬ܣƻѾʼǧ꣬Ҫһʱءɽ綯ôһȻֶ췴ˮƶǵļƻ
һֱңҶŭɶ
ӵҸһöĵʼұԪӡǣҶȣѴͷһ棬Ҳɱ㣬һΪҵū֤ҵ𣡡
ѩ˵꣬ĮɨҶȣߣʦֶڣٿ˾ۻᣬ£ĵӣǣ˶ãǾܻʦɱֶ죬ʱʦܲˣ
ⷬ⣬ʦˣˣǸˣΪһֱûΪʦߺȻѺ˳
еԼʦľͷţþͻʦѩϸϻȥֶ鷨ߣΪɵĶʦ𣬺úÿסҶȣӸǣ
ѩתƳһҶȣɫ䣬һЦĪˣǶѰҶȣԸҶȣĻ֪ҶȴҵϣǲʵŵԣֶңôҶȣԶҲҵһΪԶðʣ
ѩ
ڣ
ֻʣҶߣҶ˲Ϣָ̬һ£ߣ˲þͻ㣬׼һĻϷҪʼˣ
ʵͷȻҶǸЦͲҶѾΪһѼ⵶ǵࡣ
Ȼû죬ڤ˼ȴҶȣڸܵһ΢ϤϢȻѽ߹֮С
Ϣɱ½ǸˣαװϢ
ˣˣҲÿ㣬Ŀǻ¶ҵǰҶ̴߶ԪԴϣչֳٶ޷ӵеͨ
ѩǰˣ˵þͻұΣڿԶֶˣǲǣôãɱҰ׵һ
һϯҶȵĸӦ֮С
ֶӵеˣԴǶʮ־˵ģߣģĺôٵģ֮˵һϣʱкܶͷܸʶ
ֻһݶԻ˾׳һȻȭתȥ
ɶ񡭡޷ܵ˵ϢӵһٵϢȴֲʵôһ£
Ҷȷȥ׷ٺ˵뷨ͨ־ǰˣѿߣһУˮɡ
ȥڼ¼λãֶ첻Զ֮ҪЩͷ֮ͻֶ֣
ҶȽٹ뿪ݸҶȡ
ҶһɨȻλþ򸽽ǸطڵɳأҲԶ
ĪˣȻʶģ֣һϵеķ粨
һҶ̽ӡһٷõĴ󲿷Ϣξ񴫵ݶȥ
ֶ죬Ҫʼ׼


1443 Ǿͷ
ֶ죡
ಣ
һӰ޵شзɳһµξ
ʦôͻϤһСʦȻûп⣬һһƽ⣡
ξ˿棬һɽ񷣬һ·һӣҲٵش
ʦ㣡
ٿֶǻ
ξóһٷ𣺡ҶʦѴһУʱ򣬸ð飬ʦ𣡡
ͷٷ֮УϸȻ¶һ͡
ᣡ
ţξһִۣ߶һӡӡ֮⣬ͬǣɽڵ񷣬޽֮ء

һŮӵĲӰʹӷӡ֮ȥգ˲ϢٶȻֻǲӰҲóĸ߹ޣжյļԦ
Ӱݼʦ𣡡ξ񡢻ĲӰʩ񻽵
ӰУֳ׵һգֶۡ
һҲֶ۵ƣչֵܾ¡
ֶξ뻪Ҳûжٱ飬ʮȻʵΪʦջ񣿡
ξʦ֮ͬǰԤǰ㣬ɽ綯һϵеı仯ȻжӲʦķۣҶʦܣһıĻ֮ˣҪϣɱˣ
ҶȵûйҵǶĿ飬һͨʸ񣬳ΪӣΪеһԱΪɽǿߣ
ֶҲδжٵɫ仯ǰأһֱˣֶҪעڰУ޷Ԥϵı仯Ҳǵһο飡
ӲҴ⣡
һֶ۹
ಣ
ֶ۵գ۾ƹ⻪ʧˡ
֮󣬻գֿξ񣺡ʦˡʦ㣬һɹΣҲʦ֡ʦ㣬޽֮ݺᣬ˵ܸʦߣ
ģɵ磬Ķ֣
ξ΢΢һЦԭЦݣҲüͬʻʱǰ㶯ˡ
·ôپͷӦҲЩʦ˵ĲΣǶҶʦܵĿ飬ҲʦҵĿ飬ǵñסҪһȫѹ
ɡѾĦȭƣ
죬ת˲
ಣ
ԶͷƯڰյʯ
ߴżٸ֣мʮǿߣϢһǳ֮С
ҶȣϷС
˽ɳأмӭǣһƴһĸۡȴûǰƮ֮
پͷʮһ١ǿߣһɵڡڡһɽ糬һţȷʸģ޼ڣҪӦҲǼѵģ
ҶƯڸ֮ۡϣͨϢ
ǡлʦֵϢ
գۼ䣬һϢˣۡ
ȻҶȾ뻪м棬һͬۡΧ
ҶϫӡѩȵȺĵӣңŽʦҲ棬ֶʮ״ӣһ֣ŶȥڹŽʦ֣ȴҲ
ź֮
Ȼѡ·ʹǵʦֵܣһ꣬״ӣʮˣһţĪŽҲһŴڣȴͬİ·
ĪǺˣ
˰ʱ
Ļ֮ˣڽٶҶ뻪ʩչͨϢһأȻɻػΧҶȿʼͷŸӦ븮֮ۡС
ĴһٶۼУڵ٣Դڴ࣬ϤȻĿ
һǿߣĪϷ
ϫӼȻͶ˫ʥ˫ʥҲδֶӵУΨһһԵһʱѣľ硭ȻҲﵽڣ
ӦУҶȵһעĵغˣΪӦҲԷܣᱻԷԼͷԼϢʱݣһĿȻ
ϫӣ
һҶͬڣɳţҶȼʵƣֱ֮ǰˣ˫ʥһΪ߾
ˣԳϦ֮䣬ͨˣ̤ڣͨˣ̤١
˵ģϫӡĪ
ΪоͷͨͨԼԪΪǹඥʵΪ
Ҳﵽڣֻһ֮ңоͷΪںԣǼ򵥶ˣ
ҶһһӦڳÿˣֹŽ棬ΪҲǰڣﵽڣһЩĵӣĸûɱ䣿
һЩһǿߣڶУʵǺһģһһ٣츳ͨǿߣնɱͨٸ֡
һپͷϤ붭ǣΪඥͷ˶ǵһμ棬ǣֶ֧ǿ䱳ľͷ
ʵУûһˣʵﵽ۷ԲǴﵽεģҲ֮٣붭ǣ֮У΢΢ܽӽжεǿߣˣٳż׶Ρ
ۺ˵˵ʵһ𣬻ģ˵ߣǻƾӮʡԪаʣʵҲǿһЩ
ħڣˣֻһͷ
ĪۼЩˣʵôǿڴﵽ۷һ˺ɨǣ⣬ֻҪעĪǸغˡһǴͽܣһĪ⣡
һӦ֮ҶƿһУģֶεΣ˵УֻĪ˵Լĵˡ
ǣʸʵ
ʦ֡
ҶԼӦһУ󲿷֣߸˻
ɫעȻأ԰ԵģɶǶ٣޽֮أǶ޷Ĵڡ
١ʮһ١ôڣԼĵɡôٵĵˣͿһƬˣ𲻵òסҶȡ
ȰһУߴʦ㣡
Ȼ󣬻ʼٷ
ֶ˵ڣǾͷĴڣοô١
Ǿͷ
һᣬڣ˿ʼ̸
λֻһĿģǾǡõֶһУ
Īһ֣վʩ񣺡ֶ֪۱˵Ϊ߲٣ٶЩܣΪЩ꣬Ϊ״ӣδʶֶһٵǿ߽٣ԣж٣Ҳһ٣ֶҲǶ٣٣ߴͷߣɱһֶۣ
Ī˵ļǣ
ͻȻվƺԼȻֶǸһȵŵӣֶ죬ֻһˣӴֶۣɫҾͲݣʵǰֻڵ˵޷սʤģΪͻƣôپͷӴҲŷֶ֣Ҳһ٣ͨĶٰˣ
λΪ޸ǳδŹֶκӣйʲô
һǿߣ󣬵Ц
ȷȷɷˣ
ڡһٸ֣Ҳ


1444 㣡
óһȴֻһӣ˫޹
ɣڳĸˣѾţԽӵĲ
öǿ߿Ǳûй츳ֶۣô˫
ɣ˶¶һݺ棬ҲСߡ
ֶӵеԴǵȷǷǳ˵ģΪ״ӣ
Ī˵֣ãֵֶĻᣬӣֶ죬޷ģǸ߲㣬Ҳ˻֣̿
û⣬һ½Űˣ
ǵģ
پͷν˵һ½ţ˵̫練ƣѴ֮
Ȼˡ
Īֶ챳ѵӣ󲿷ֶǵ䣺ֶ£ĵӣǿ뵳ɣپͷӦϣֶ죡
ã
һӦ
ȻϫҲͷ
ѩãȴʱɺѩҲʾһĵ䣬Ҳһһ
һپͷ˵ʱֻ磬˴󶯾¶Ϣ
ͳͳͷĪȭض˵Ǿͷʵλúʱã
һʱ໥ӣȻ֮ǰͷ֮󣡡
ã
ͷӦˣͷ
֮Ǻ޲ãϾͰֶ죬ڽ£ӣɱ¾谡
ۡϿգҶȰ֮ǰһУ߸
ֶ֪죬ӵмߵλĳϣɱ
Ҷȿĳ˵ʦ֣Ͳ鷳ˣϻȥʦ㣬úһУ飬ԪϣԼεĳ֮⣬κεӣҪ͸¶״ӡֵӣҲ͸¶֣
ڳ˳ܵĵӣĸΣ˵߲㣬Īˣ˵ģ˵ЩˣǱֶӦʦܣʦ־Ȼȥʲôʱң
Ҳһ¹ϵһʩչͨ
ѩϫӡŽ桭ԼЩĵӣգǵˣڱУǱĪãװ׸˺ùӳԣ
գҶȸӦ·һУһᣬֶ棬׷״Ӳͬ򣬻ع
ɳأˣʮΪ׷׵أԲͬʽ
Īǿߣȴʱ䲻Ͽ
ںˣһᣬĪн䣬Ҫ뿪

ǣղݵʱ򣬶ң˽룬ͨҲҶڸ
һܷҶעĪ˶
ʩչͨź˷ɳۡһԾ𣬾ܴʱһ˿ϢûУǻ龻֣Ѿ׽һУҶٶȣҲܣ˦
򡭡ѵˣĵӣ
ɳأͽ䣬ҶȾź˺ףУȻˣֱӷ
Ҷ뷨
һĻӡ֤Ľۡ
ȻǰʩչӡȻֶӣƿصķӡȻȻȻϢͽ˽֮С
ҶȴžҲ֮
̴Ӻ󷽼ȻϢͨ󣬾ڣû˿ԼӦҶȽ棬ȻΪִϣ͸ơ
𽥵ģֽ磬ʮ־һƬա
ֶӣҲǺĵӡ
˷һģһĵ磬Ϊһ壬һ̣ǲصĺڽ
¶һţֻжʮͷͨա
һ̣ҶȱΪԼϤ֮ˣʲôû뵽ΪΪִϣƬӵߣȻһƳ֪˭
һ˵գЩš
Ϊ꣬Ҷ˵İϤǵɽ罻ãֶͻȻһ£һƲؼ
꣬ΪҶȡϫӡˣɽͻֶһ죬ţֶ콻ʱ״ӹŽ棬һЩ߲㣬첻õӣȥ̫һţֶʵ
һеӣĦ޴½𼣣ֻһӣɹӳصֶ챨š
һյӡ
˽ɴչֳգǸһع飬õŹעİյӡ
ôܣ
Ӱյӣֶַľֻһֺͨĵӣж꣬ҲɵװˣڣȻֻɵ۸߽ףǴ¼֮Ŵ֮󣬲ӵеΪ
Ϊʲôһͨĵӣֶķѣ˴Ĺϵ
ɵΪôӵҶȶ϶ͨ
ʣҶͷִӵеͨʼֶ籾Դ͸յӽĵ֮С
յӣܿڸӦ֮С
侲ػع£ֻһˣΪֻɵ۸߽ףҶϸϸӦŷִʮֹ죬ƺģġ
ֻǣʲôƾӦȥܡ
칦򣬾мӣҰյӣԭҪȥȾƣȾƵĶҶϤ
֣ҶȺȻЩɻ󣺡һۣ󣬾͸оһ޷ظСյӣȥȾƣл᲻ʲôΣ
ѾҵݣҶĿģѾﵽ뿪֪ͨξ񡢻𣬸һеʼٸߣһ۵ĵӡ
ǣҶȲδ뿪ŰյӼˣ𽥽ֽ磬ֵӵڵĵ
ȣ
ʮӣΪףֻĺȾƣʱʱļƣûκӵס
Ҷȵһ󣬺ȻҪȥһö˷յӣҲǡҸڣȥһϢ
Ҷû뵽ҵһĸԴڡ
յ뿪һ֮У󣬾Ȼ︺˫֣΢Ц
ˡҶȼǻ棬أȻйϵ
յĪţľͷɿٵӣһ
ĪǡҲҪɿ
ֵӣλ֮ߣʱŽ罨޲˱˵ôֶڽ󷨣ͬ衣
ҶȴʱδʶʲôĬĬҡͷ󰡡ǧҪͬѩǰ㡭ŶһӲף
ĪѾǣǿߣ֮ͿʼжڣҲˣã󲿷ֵӣǿߣӦϣ򡭡
յӼ󣬺ҲʮȻ˵
ʲô
ڹ֮ҶȣէȻյ仰ͻȻһǹϵﵽֵزԭҲĪһǷŵҪ֮һ
ôϣһЩĵӣⳡ粨
ǡ
죬¶мЦĪĪд㲻ѣ㲻ϵˣȻҪһУȥҵĿġֻնɱҶȣϧˣ֪ȥ˺δΪһıҰֶ췭˸׳죬δҵˣ
նɱң
⣬ҶһͷԵģΪΣҪԸԼ
ʶ󣬵һͬμɽ罻ҶȴδԹΪΣҪնɱԼ


1445 ħͬԴ㣡
ԣ
һжΪһ޴š
һУƺҶǰ𽥱ˮʯ
ҶȰҶȣ֪˹ʺˣ㣬ûС
յӣϾЦݣյӣǰԵʮְʵƺڼԦ
յĺȻͶȥϾ⣺ҵѾɣںϰɣ
𣡣
ɲǣͷŵҶȣͻȻյ仰һš
һĻ𺳡
ɣҵħͬԴ
˫ͻȻһƣͬյҲͬ
ಣ
˫ײ
ģӿӴɵӰյ˫Уһɺڰħ⣬ڰħ⣬ģڰյӣҲ𽥵ػΪӰħ⣬ȫһɶ
һϣħɵϢˣϢûκα仯Ȼֻͨͨ쳣ǿˡ
ȻǸֵӣ
ħħͬԴԭһֱѰҵˣ㡭󣡣
˲䣬ҶȱԼһĻþ޷ƽϢ𾪵ħͬԴӣֶ۽񣬴ӽ񣬵в֪飬ΪѰҴˣҶҲһֱΧֶΧ
ʱʱ̣̿˿⡣
ǰһ̣Ǹδ֪
ʵࡢͻأչǰҶЩãȻϸһ룬ӽʼνġʵǶֶвɽ綯ʱڿʼɽţǻǽɢǳһţҲܵĲ
ֶ죬ȻҲ⡣
ǿ½磬ͷưԾɽ磬ٵӡˣõ׷׼ͷ£ֻŻԭ֣ŷѡ
ǣֶѵĸԭȴʲôɽ綯
ΪһˣһֶĵӣݣڱҶȽйٽʣϤѵ
ֲһֱ޷ӦħͬԴԭ󣬾Ȼһͨħɵ룬ħֿ֮û˻뵽֮˿Ĺ
ͻȻ⿪Ҷ˲̫ĸ
ȻǳĲ⡣
ӵħͬԴˣʱεйڣڰԣնɱΪĿꣿ㾿ʲôܣӵħͬԴʲô
õ𰸣ȴӭһ⡣
ʱٸ֪ҶȻ޷ħͬԴϢȴУһǿķӡϢһԶŵ
Ȼ֮Уӡɡһаǿߵ
ֱ޷ħͬԴϢ
ֶΣǸ
ɽ罻ᣬҡϫӣӣУֻûκεı仯ϫӣȴԽԽԶ
Σ󼴱ǵˣҶȻһֵӡ
һȡ
ԭõµеҶȣʮìܣԺͻȻһ棬ȻϤĻ档
յӡݣĪ롭ŽȵӣĦ޴½ʧȥټһ·׷ȥ칬ħǵˣħǷӡ֮أӡǿħһУһУǬй
ѵ
ҶͫǿҾȣϸѰҹȥļ䣬ƬУҶȲŻȻ򣬴Ӱյӵӡ֮أȻǷħ޼ʯ칬ִߡ
д˵յӵı仯ǴĦ޴½ʼ⣬һ˰ȫصֶ졣
ԭһпżȻȴżȻһıƻ
һжʱҶȲ뵽յħкܴϵħǬִ޷͵ĹôյӣǬȻҲйϵ
Ҷȵóһ˵Ľۡ
յħôȻǬӵйϵ
ԭԭֲãֲǬܴ޽֮֮󣬾һֱԸңȻߣֶ죬Ҫӣ
ҶңǬȻûԼʱʱ̶̿뷽跨ԸԼ
󣬾ӡ
Ǭ
˫ȭ߬֨֨죬һ룬Ǿڷһ£ǬȻԼ˽룬ҶȴһЦ̫ˣΪԼǿ޵УǴԪĹǱʶΪѹҡϧҵĳɳѹƵģȻȻǰʮСȻǰǰ㣬޷ôһ᲻ϳɳȥһ죬Ҫնɱ㣬Ա֮ޣ
ǬһµĴڣټһ칬Ҷû뵽ǿС
κһ𣬶ǳ޷Ӧģȴһֱ桢
󡭡
ҶͻȻ丩ȥڵУھڤ˼󣺡Ǭû취ƾ㣿ǰ֪ϸռƾħͬԴͨΪʵѵҵĶ֣
Ȼ͸ΪΪӡʮֵ£ǬȻǷħΪǿ
Ǭִڣ٣ҲﵽԽ񣬱ϾǱ칬֮ԷӡѹǿߣͬһĴڣߣ˴Ԫ֪жͨҪԸңֱɱֶͿԣΪΡȴıԸң
ȻھеҶȣԺȫǹ֣飬޷ͣ簲յӣΪĪͻصֶ죬ǬǰǿĴڣΪαֶܿ죬жԸԼ
ȻŲܲ
ˣ
ȻһԴУһϸ΢ĸӦ
ҶȻع뿪һ̣ûһյӡһͬصЩӺȾơ
ֽ룡
߽ؽ룬һŮӣһӣżʮߣȫֶΪǿԪϻǰ
Ůξ񣬶ӣǡ䡱ȴŵĻ
ಣ
УǰȻƮһӰҶȴֳ
𵱿һЦʦܣĿ漰ʱǰһ̣Ѿо౳ѵӣڿţڣ൳ɣĶڵӣ׼ɱֽУЩֽĺĵӣӦϣ
졭жʱ䣬쵽ˣҶһأǰ
ԪϣҶʾ⣬֮УΪڣһٶУһֻмˣڣһʵһ٣һΪԪϣʵ򿰱ȶ١
ôһ𣬿ƲĪǿ߶֣ǽֶ磬ȫơ
һӣֶ죬еǿߣҶҲò˱ȭҶȣλԪϡǰ
ηҶʦܣ񣡡
ԪһһĴڣҲѩ֣λĵӣǶֶ죬Ĺ
ƾǵʵ޽֮شֶĵ̣Ŵ٣ЩԪϣλ
ƣʮС
ǽǵҲ٣ٽϴ󣬻ֶµĵ̣ôǿپͷҲܻ
ǳΪһţӵе


1446 ֶ
һҶжԵĽѣҲ˱֤
ʦ㣡
ĺȻҶ֣µξʩ񣺡ʦûйʦУڡҵǸӵħͬԴĵݣ
Ŷ
ξ񱾶ҶģŪһ㲻ϰߣҶ˵֮뻪һͬҾϲ̾
ˣҶÿһ֣ǰضзˡֵӣǡޡ󣡡
Ǻǣ
˭֪ξһƺ֪ƵģȻһЦ
ʦܣϲ㰡ϲû뵽㶼ɣҲһ֪ƵģһʱҶͷ
գֳͬ䡣
Ҷ˵ξ뻪ľٶɫõ𰸣ʦ㡭ʦ֣Īǡֻһڹǣ֪ǲǣ
ξЦסĳ˵ʦܣ˵״ӣõʦ϶Ļʸ񣬳ΪеһԱ룬һУʦԼŶĿ飬ʵıȵȣ
ȻһӵҾ;ãԶǰΪͨκεӵϢ֪һУȴôˣһ飬һѣȻϤ࣡
Ҷ㶴ϤһУͷ룬һвŷȻֶΪͨһǱԼŵĲӣ޷ҳĻûʸ񣬳Ϊһ䡣
ҶȼͬѰЦʵҲǰһ̣֪ĽҺܲףΪֵӣǰҲֵӣҴ˵ȷЩ֣ͨû뵽ͨ󣬳ʦ𣬻ûˣ֪ݣ
ʦ𡭡ΪҪң
ξ뻪ҶȿɲΪһֱڹ
ξûǹĮ¶еϢţмӡͨӡ߲ӡӢӡĵӣ󡭡ӣ
ӣΪִϣҶȸоԼǸͨӣξ˵ģްӡ
ֶ죬ȻǿȥǰС
ŵӣͨ㿼飬꿿ԼУΪ¹ͣõʦԿĵӣҡʦܣӵһԱŴ꣬񣬲һӣ
ˣ
һ֣˵ӵĲ
ΪִϣҶȱκ˶˽⣬ֶӵжٵĽܳӣ˵״ֵӣһЩӢӣҲųڣ½ޣֱӡ
꣬ٵţٵգֻ˳Ϊӣʵš
ʦȻǴʦ㣬ӵĵһˣۣǶлʦܣҰƺţҲϲ㣬ΪӣʽΪʦµӣͲѡ
ξȻһ裬ֳʦɭɭƣҶȵӣϴ󣬻϶ʦܡʦáġֹԫ塮ġʦáԼǰʦܡӣžͨĻʦ֣Ϲһɽ֮ת֮壬ͬ߰㣬ӵɽıԴ֮϶ġҲǸšʵǿѣﵽ٣Խ٣ΪѾһ٣ʵȴﵽ۷壬һ٣Ҳκ
ӡﵽٵ
ֶɣ
ξֹԫġ𡭡һһһءǿĪ⡣
޼ڵ棬ٵĴڣӵ٣޼ڲǳһšֶأӣȴӵٵǣʸΪһŵʱ
˵ǰҶ˽ֶĻôڣʶֶ졣
һСȻҲ֮С
ûٵֶ̣ͻˡ
ξͷž˵ĳĿ⣺ڿʼߡۣͨʦĿ飬Ϊֶλӣ
ۣҶȿһЦҲܸˡ
ۣһڰƺţԺǲҿЦˣϲ˵ģ֣Żỻջ񣡡ǺһЦȻٴΣҶȼ򣬱ʾԵף
ʦ㣬ʦ֣е㲻ף
֮࣬Ҷȴûеɻ󣺡ʦ֪ǸֶǴֽ֪ʦΪ
ξЦȻֹһЩɻ֮⣺ƺʦУӵвͷǣȻûϸ˵ҿԸоĵŶңʵʦ˵ʲôʦҪģֵĵӣңʦҲҪζÿһˣ˵ġ־ȵȷ棬Ҳû⣬ʦֻ㣬ÿһˣţֲֵܼĵĵӣʸ񣬳Ϊֶĵӣɽ綯ҪչҪųһвأ
ԭҪεȵ۹⡭Ҷ𽥿ʼֶԾ⣬ʵΪͷ۹⡣
ЩҪѧϰģҲǲ߱ġ
ˣ
ڴ˿̣ξͫͻȻһ
ξˣ˰д˽磬ҵӣһѷĳţֽ֮УҲӦڿ磬Īŵ䣬ʮٸ֣Ѿ˽֮У
ϢͽˡףҪ뿪һɱ
ۣ㸺ߣڱ󣬶ҪԸ󣬾Īģң֮⣬һӳȥΪҵ䣬ɱ⣬ΪͨЩӣǴ඼ƻ󣬷ϳΪɣξҶ뻪
ǣ
ͬʱȭɷ˵һͬʧȥ
¡
Ȼֶ磬ʼҵ
ξվó壬غǿţеӣֵУնɱң
һʱ䣬ֻҪֶ죬ӵеĵƣξĮȻ

ֽڣ
ѩĵУ
ǧԱŮŮʱһѩۣϷѩ
ѩٿȻվˣǶѩĹǸɣڸɣʼ磬ӶԴѩںϴǵɱ磡
ǣ
˿ʼѩÿ·Ȼ󲻶뿪ѩԱ˷
һֵڵĵС
ڿʼˣʼˣ
ڽ߳ȻֵӵĵۣĿ⣬һ̱ޱȵֶ졭ʦ˵жôأСԶ˵ǿʡʦһǲΥֵֻӣûʦֻǱֶڡ
һΣȴĦȭƣû֪ңڱⳡ粨Ȼֶ˵ʦҽӽֶۣԣҵҲ뿴ֶ۵кֵͨʦأ
ھȡΪֶġֵӡɣҪȥĪ棬һֶͬ죡
ಣ
ʼӡ
һӰȻڷѳʱһ棬ģҲΪ˰յӣ̷ɳ˵
¡ʼڵټķӡ


1447 һǱ

ɽ糬һŵĸڣǾɽ磬ˣеʥأ֮͡
˿̣ڲĴս
һϫӡѩŽȵˣγɵıϸӦӣʮڵӣȻӣֽ磬֮иĵӷǱ󣬻ʮǿߡ
ǻδ֡
Ǵڡڴ֣棬ϵɱֶĵӣĵӣߣ󵹸꣬ʣµĵӣֻ룬ֽȥ
ĵӣɵۡյ¡ĪԿ״ӣһֵΪףֽ磬鷨ߣϷϽ磬𽥰ɺ˳
Ī֡ʱöǿ߶֣ȥǲֶӰ죬һ
ӪУαװĺˣĪ˵
ĪΧߡǵȵپͷиĶǿߡ
ĪͷмһЦΣλǰνĳһţֻпõֽϻ
ҡֽ磬ĪǿǣЦ
Χڵӣڹֽ磬һ֣ʼɱֽ磬һӣɢ
µĲӦЧ
ɶЩˡǿɶǺĵӰȻΪȺ棬Ż׾ٽ
ĪԿǧӢӣ򲻶ɱӣȻһŭյµ˴һȻ˫һץһа񵶣Уǧӣ˰עҵ֮У
񵶣ǵ꣬ҶξڵһѲһԳ㣬Ʒʲķ
ǣʦ֣
ǧӢӣ׷״ͬ߶һͬĪԿ
ն
а񵶣ƺĪԿںϵһ̶ȣ淢ٰƣĪԿΪԻӶһµƣͬٵķâ
ã
ɱֽӣͻȻգµˣת뿪˷Ӵܡ
ĪԿ״ӣ
Īʦ֣ôư
ͻȻһӰֽڴһ
֮¡
ŵӣѾΪڵĴڡ
ĪԿ󾪣Ȼǹϼ߶񵶣𡭡㡢ȻҲţҴӴˣʲôʦֵܣһɣ
ĪԿǰǰֻպãڡ㣬ѾԶԶ˦Ҿ㿴
ȻӶ˫֣һӡʱ˫񵶻ȥϿգγֻ֣ͨ꣬˫Ƴ֮¡

񵶣ص˫֮ϣȻ޷ն˫֡
Ҳţ
ľӢӣŭ׷׾̾
֣̫ˣҵģ
ʱǿߣŸӣֽ硣
һӣԱߣ״ӣŽ棡
Ž治мĪԿ񣬶ͬţû˿ֻ꣬ȻһĪԿ񵱿һ̳
ĪԿһ⣬ֱȥԲѣ
䣡
뽣ײĪԿһն飬ȻȻԵĪԿ̹
ͣ
شĪԿţ
Īʦܣ
һˣڰգסӵĪԿ״֮Уõյ¡
ɱ棡
յһ滤סĪԿһʮڡڵĺĵӣӱɱһͬͷŽͷŶȥ
ˣ
ͻȻһӡ˸ǹ⣬ӡ֣ѹץȥ

ǰ׵ˡ
ۣ
ңʮĵӣͬʱ³Ѫ
Ž浱һЦһɨˣɱӣͶǣΪʱپȥͲ֣һ꣬ˣ
ǡ
ͻȻһɫӰ˼ȥյ¡ĪԿǰ
ŶҼǵáɣһͨӣʲôɫӰֶ죬еĵӣȻɫģȴ಻ͬװǶ
ǰ꣬ɫΧɫ
࣬Ҷֶ죬
ƽؿŽ棬ž޲ӦŽ棬Ϊ״ӣȴҪţˣ壬ܣ̤һ
𣿡
Žͻأأһֱȥ
ᣡ
ŴĽͻȻſָһץɫΪһͨ˲סȻ˳һŤһķѡ
Ŷ
Ž𣬻棬յǣЩʵǵλĵӣȻ˲
֣Ըϫѩ
һЦ󷽣һȺɱӿ
һƳĿӼᶨ֣
ֻһĵӣպһӿֽǰǵĴߣϫѩ
࣬ʵǺǿǡǰȻͻȻƷת䣬ǿƣͬ籩ʼϯ
ôǿ
ɫ
һսʼ
¡¡
ͬʱ౬ըֽϣը
ϡĪ󣬴Ŷٸ֣мһ٣ٸֱ֣Ӷֽ翪ʼչǣƺЩӣ·ֽ磬Ҫǿд򿪿ӡ
ȻǵĹ̫ˡ
ߣֽػߣһһˣһƣ޷֣Ϊһͬˮֽ֮ϡ
¡¡¡
ڣֽһ޴ͻƿڡ
ˣ󷽷ֽ硣
ĪǼֱ
Ǻ󷽣һ˫۾ڶһһ
ҶЦƣǻֶ죬嶤£ǲֶ֪ûжҪǣȫɱֽ硣
һսܶһûˣԵסǿߵĲҲʼϫӣǵʵͻ̫졣
ࡢЩ꣬һֱҶǵԴȴȲϾͷֱӹඥǶ֣Ҳ֮Уӣֶ澳̬ȡ
ڣӣǿߣ󲿷ֶҪֽ磬γһ޴ĴѽʣڵӣΧС
ֶӣ֮ǰΧʱ˶ѡ뿪ǼеģֻԶԶţǣ̫Сıֶ죬ǰҲ
磬
ӵɷѿʼֶڵĵӣģʧѾûˣĹȻֶ죬Ļ䣬뿪Ǽһ
ֶӣȷǶ࣬ôӴ֡
У󲿷֣ʮ֮ţɵµĵӣȻֹ֣ԣΪֶмģǳۣǴɵ۵ӣγһĵӣطֶ졣
Ī󡭡ߴپͷһǱӦҪ˰ɣ
ҶѾ׼һǿ֣Щ˿ޣҶǰһһʲô


1448 ֶ췴
ֶ죬ڲֽ磬ͨռ磬ȫͽӶɱֶӣн类ݻ٣ʬ壬ѻɽѪʪڰѪ顣
һӣӿֽ硣
ֶԴֽ֮Уһ̰Ӷӡ
ˣЩӵӣЩɵۡɡ
ֽ硣
Ͽ֮УƯһٶߣˣ֮һԪϼǿߡ
ˣƯǰξ
ֶĴʦ㣬϶ۡ
ֽ磬ǡߵȵȶٸ֣޿̰ģٿѩϫӡŽȺĵӣŸɱ÷һˣϣ𽥸ɱ
ת̶Ŀţ߶ֽ󷨣ЩˣŴ򹷣
ǣ
Ԫˣһ߳ϣͬĴȻÿͬķӡ
ֶԴǴҵģ
ֽУǿߣĪһֱδ֣Ϊֶ쵽ڣչֵʵͬ룬ǰһͦ
ڴ˿̣
һˣϵǿߣ޽֮أһ
ǵɫٿһ
ֻ˵һֽķ⵽ڣͻȻ˸һ⣬һգֽۣѾӦӶĽ磬֪䣬ȫһͨ
ô£
һЩӦĵӣ취߶ֽ磬ͷŸҵӽڣзӡȫʧΪһİ޷߶ǿ硣
ҵӣֲԾ
Ҳûţ
Ī˫˫֣Цֶǳһţ̣Ҳ֮Уɱ룬Դɣپͷڣֶ۱˽٣Ҳֻ·һ
ԣˣɱ룡
Ҳ󣡡
ϫӣΪ浳еѾ֣ࡢյµظ֣һһǿѹˣȻۼӣһɱȥ
һʱ䣬ɽ˺ȹϵϣֽͦһѷɱС
ƿ磡
ͷУͻȻ߳һ
ԱһͷЦ֣Ҫŵ㣡
ƣ
˫һ𣬳죬ͬˮڱڣ⣬ָ⣬ϵƵ㣬

һһյѹȸУڳʮڵӣסһС
֮У඼ɵۡһֲǳ۵Сڣһս޲ʤĴڣֺοվɵ۷֮ϵ٣
ֽ翪ʼ𶯣Ŀ£ſ̰ϣǵڻֽϷ󷨡
¡¡
ǿֽ緢ٴǿߣΪӴˣһжʧ
ֶһһֽ磬ǧҪһǲҲ
Ŀ⽹¡
ǵüɫͷһ⡣
ֽ󷨣Ѿ飬󣬾ͻΪˮһ㣬ðˡ
ֽ磬Ȼ˿飬δ֡
ֶ죡
ֶ죡
طնɱĵǣɶ˵ʵǹģյµȺĵӣ쳤Х
ĪһʧȥɫֻĿ⣺ֶĽ磬ʱǿˣ
Ŀǳˣ
һĮͬԱеĺ磬ͻȻֽϿգϯ£ÿ˵Ķ
ξ񣡣
Ī̼䣬סˡ
Ϊˣҹ޷ʣν˵ɵ磬һϧȻˡ
ξƮֶࣺ죬ɱҵӣƻɣӶҡšĪЩǿߣΪֶ죬׸𣿽գףҪ뿪ֻųȥ
ξСӣĪΣһҪץסΪҵŮūҹҹܱܣɱ
ĪмЦЦڶǰȫһ£浳ɣǿߣٴֽͦ
Ž磬Ϊˣãǿֶ
ʱ
ֽϷȻ͸һٶ˫ֺʮǿߣξͷ˫һ֡
˻˻
һǿĽ磬ӷգͬաϿֱӪȫпաƵһһ
ˣ
աͻȻ٣˲ϢһգžĽ磬ĪԼǿߣѩϫӡŽӣˣȫظһĽС
ǾȻ޷Ӧ
ʱ˿̣ǿߣסԭֶȻ׼Ȳúõġ
پͷĪ޷Ӧ
֤ж߻ԸֶͬʱֶξΪ׵ĸ߲Ҳ׼
ֶ죬ʼ
һپͷ̴Ŀ⣬ĪĪӣ鱨׼ȷ˵ʲôֶ죬ӵڶĶĿǳϣҲˡأ㿴һ󷨣ǰڰвúãһУôһ£
ƻԶϲϱ仯λ
ͻȻˣֶ׼ôһ磬Ͱǻסˣ
Īõ֧֣̻֣նغȵԣĿģӶֶԴλ׼Σ֣˭赲
˵ļǣǶǾͷܱһסߣվΪһȻ޻ڵǿߡ
ͷҲָĿ⡣
ɣϷ򿴿ֶ죬ûʸ񣬳Ϊɽ糬һţ
һٷʱҪֶʱ򣬵ӡ·ӣֻ󱳡
Խɽӣ
ǿ˫ִһӡܵɽ磬ѹһͷŵȻģ񷣬һɹɵ⣬Ϊ⺣ֱɱϷеһٶֶ߲㡣
ѹ
һٶ߲㣬׷ͬͷ
Ψξδһ¡
ȻǸĮ·پͷǰҲʲô
ಣ
翪ʼͻأ仯һٶֶ߲챾Դֻռ磬ʼһƣǿͷŵ⺣󣬵һɨ
뷣뷣뷣
⺣󣬿κǣȴγɵĴ֣һɨ͵һУȻ⺣󣬾Ȼʼ𶯣ѹȻγɴƬƴ½һ㣬Ƭ¡
ɶ񣡣
·ֵľͷһš
һڶ
Ǿɽ磬޽֮أ޽֮أҲǰԵģھɽ磬ȻһȺϣѹסˣ֮У󲿷ֲڣһ٣ֻˡ
ɽ糬һŵ̫С΢ٴ˲串һС
ʵȴһп϶ͳͳΪ˲ܡ
䣡
ǿ
һƬֽ룬ĶռУֶڵӣһ¶Цݣǣڱ澳вıԵʱڣееϣΪʵ


1449 Ͻ󽣵
ţǶôзۡ
ÿӣǶǳԽȥĶ
Ǽֶ죬δܵɻǸˣҵģһԭ򣬾Ƿģֶ죬ͥԴǰȫġ
ڣ
ϣһĻڳΪʵ͵ϻһǰöЩʵ
Ϸŭˣ
ô˵棬һǿߵȻһϸѹסȥ
ǿߵһץһ֮С
ħ
ʧֳһһɳȭͷС

ɲǼ䣬¶ʧȥ˹
񷣬ΪͷŵǿâУƺΪһУ׶ΡȻƿ£̤գһֱӷĴ֡
⻹˵
ӣֶӣĸĿɿڴĿ࣬٣չֵѾ޷ݣǣپͷƶһľη̫˼ˡ
ˣأ

ֽ룬һٶǿߣһĿһٴУȻӡ
ಣ
ֻپͷ⺣Ĵֱ֣ӳսֶľͷһѹ
ţϻϷèˣ
ԼƣǿһЦ׵˦ұۣȻκηӡûдֱӻӶŴ֣һɨ
䣡¡¡¡
ڴ֮ϣҪ͵ץסѹһ̣һ̣̼䣬ͬһ㣬Ѵ֣ϡﻩֻ֣ȫؿʼ
ã
һĻӣ
һԵֽռ䣬ôӣˡ
ȥĪӦûǷν˰ɣ
УҶȶһУȴûһ㶯֪ξۣȻѹκֶΣҪġ
ǵȴиֳ֣Ȼ󡭡͵Ϯǣشǡ
½ʦáɱ֣ҵǰںڰм԰ˣҶȼ󣬾뵽½ȥĻ档

˲䣬ݻٽ֣ͷֳһЦֶ죬ȻһֱϿգڽڵһٶˡ
Ӧ
·ǿߣĪ󣬶¶ŲͬЦݡ

ξתˡ
Ȼһٶ߲㣬ͷŵķӡʼᣬɲǼ䣬һԣȻֽ·ʼͷš
ͷͣ½ŲһЦԳΪһţһΪѹ֮ҲΪ桭ǣЩУֱͷųɣպóΪϷղƷ
Ͻ󽣵
һٶ߲㣬˫Ĵ
ԿʼУʼһɫԡ
طǸƷеڤ֮ͬǽеĽܳ
ҶһЦֶȻӦˣȻֶǰǿߣһΪѹ֮һҲ档
еӡ뿪ֽ磡
һԪϣĺȻ߳һֽ磬ҲֶԴڿռ䣬ڵӣ

ţϷͳһͨи߲㣬רָӷ
ٵսƣƻֽ磬һеΧ
ң֮棡
ͷپͷжô£Ȼġ
ǣأ
ֶӳ룬ڶռӣһʱؿѩϫӡŽ䡣
ϣǿ԰Լռ䣬Ҫװڶٶ֮С
ǣڴ䣬Ҳ뿪ЩپͷȴѾվϷ˼ԣڣͲκⷢ
ڵӣգ۹򣬳
һٶ߲㣬ٴᷨӡϽ󽣵
ಣ
ֽ·ͷŵУǵɫĹâͬҫһ㣬һɶݽֽĸ߿գչֳһֻһ߶೤Ժӡ
ǲͨĺӣǽһִͨ
Īһۣ
Ȼ󣬺󣬰һƳϽ󽣵ʦעֶ죬Ǳֶ죬Ҫ˷һУʦƺֶ죬һʶҵ뿴ֶ죬ʲôʦ
Ϸˣ
У
ֳǿߣӶÿһλӶֽֽ⣬ӳĵӣŸ߲㣬ʼԶֽ磬һЩΪĵӣǡ
ڵӣԽԽࡣ
ϾЩΪĵӣţǵĵģһֱ޷ҡģС־Ƚᡣ
ಣ
ǿߣӶֱӳϽ󽣵ͬһ֣һ˳ȥ
ͣ
ͨϽ󽣵ȻͷųɫĽϢʱͻȻҿϽɫƣ˵ر

߿УϽ濪ʼײײʼɢȻײײֽ翪ʼҡΣײƣֱ·ѹȥ

١һǿߣʼͷŷֻپͷĪδһ¡
ͣ
ڵǿߣԼӣײƣǶ£һɨÿ˶³һѪ
ʲô
Ϸ֮ǰмһ˵پͷұۿʼ𶯣ΪϽϵعײȻײ֮䣬Խ˵
ͷֱ۷ˡ
ȻеȻ˵һϽֱ˳ȥ
ݣ
Ͻӽ֮УȻϹͥĴǰ㳡ϽӣʼͷԼĪپͷķֱӴӿȥ
ǽ죬˭Ҳܲˣ
߿գξȻһĮ
ͣ
ϽɨգپͷֻǱߣǻǱٴϽмʹֱУپͷӪ
ĪͷҪֶ죬ӶԴҪѹλǿ֣ѹ
ãʮֲһۣѹΪãһ޵
ͷͬĪĽ飬ңĪһͬپͷ
һ֮ѹ
ͷ˷һʱָǰƣһƳżɵ׷ɱϽӡ
ʱҪˣ
ҶǺ󷽣һ֣ԸϽ󽣵ôһֱڰȴĻᡣ
Ϸδܹ衭ֶ죬ϷһҪ𣡡
ڣ
ǿߣڿ꣬һ˴˿ڻѪľͷ˫Բ޲ðֶ죬һȥ
ȷҼʶģ治ֶ֪죬ܵõֳ
ĪȻվ룬΢΢һ̾Ȼ˵ͷ
ಣ
ÿһˣԥԼǿ
ѹ
Ŵ֣ͬշӣˡ
Źǿһͬ棬ӿϽӣݺȥ
䣡
¡¡
ŹȻﵽٵĪʵȻߴͷ·硣
濹ϽӣŹһδεײϵ棡
ǡˣ
и֣ȥԿȥˡ
ӣشŴֶ֮¡


1450 ת
һ
εȵ
ӣ־嵽˼㣬ںڣȵĺڣΪʲôѵΣ
ңֶʩչطϽ󽣵չֵѾ𺳣벻һ˽ţУپͷţȻ˿µĵ̡
ϧڲźڡ
ǣѾûѡ
룬ѡĽ
ͻͻͻ
˵ʱʱ죡
ŹϽ󽣵ײͬĻ飬ռ䡣

̫ǿˣϫӡѩŽĵӣͶͷӵǰȻƼһײ顣
ÿͷųǿγɼ̷Ϸײѹһʱ䣬һѪȻѹò½·ҪֽԶɵӣ׷䡣
Ϊ촷ۣʬ嶼δ£
ӣƬƬص£һĻֽ⣬ֶӣ֪ΪΣʱѾٳȺӣʮʹģϧ
ϾΪͬţ
ӣ˲ȥһ룬ʥأΪһƬѪգɵϵĵӣģڵ¡
Ȼ

ٸ֣Ī󣬶ֶԽʶǰͨһǶԿʵܣΪһˣ޷߶
ڣϽ󽣵ϵͷų
ĪÿˣһɱʩչǿλܲҴˡ
ᣡ
ڳͷϽ󽣵ȷٶı£ȥǷǳ
ٴ߶һƣǵصĵǵƣ·ȼһ㡣
ಣ
ÿ˶Ͻӣһδǿ

ŹϽһҶײ
ˣ
ֽ磬޴ֽ磬Ȼڲ
ʦ㣬ͷǿǿѹֽϷһԪϣξߣһࡣ
޷ǻкܶᣡξǰޡ
ͻͻͻ
һΣͷϽײͬ磬к£һǿߣ׵壬Ƕòͷŷ
žѩˡ
ǣ̫ˣ
зһҲѪ·ͨӣһΣһƬһƬըֻԪɢ˻
ֽ֮⣬ѾۼʮϵĵӣǸĬ

ھŴͷȫ£ϽӣǰٶֹͣŹϵѹȻȥ
ͣ
һٶֶ߲㣬Ѫÿ˱һɾͷ󺹣߶ӡֽ磬Ͻ󽣵
Ǻǣƾһ赲ǵĲ
ֶ߲㣬׷ױѹƣĪ쳤Хֿˣǰһһ״ֽ󷨣
û⣡
ʡˣ
ͷͷ޳ɡ
ţĪΪףˢˢֽϷǽ룬һݻ٣ֶ߲㣬䡣
һ̣ÿ˶ʼĮȻѣʼչͨעھǰĸ߿ա
һɾ޴ͨϵչ
ٿ䣬һͷ˺һȻͷǿͨ
ߣ
ң磬пᣡ
ͷĪ󣬸û뵽Ӫ֮У󣬳һߣңеľ档
ಣ
˺һߣͻȻ˫Ĵͨ͵һ֣ǿߵĺ󱳣Ѹײڶ֮ƣͷԼĴͨ
¡
һͨڰ˴֣ȫͷԼͨ¶Լĺһ̣ߵݺݵײǺ֮ϡ
ۣ
֣ԱͬǿߵǰɣһһѪ
Ǿͷûз£ͬǿ߳ȻǴĴǳصġ
ˣ
ͻ䣬Щš
ξֶ֣߲㣬˲Ϣһ𣬷׷·仯˶ףΪξͷڧɱ
ͷͬŭĹţߣһŭɶߣԷ٣
ҪԹң֣Ըֶ죬ôֶǲǸֻͬ£ֻѶ󣬻ǰˣ
һЦƯڰգͫ԰ͷЩɵ֮ɫ
ʦ𣡣㡢ô᣿
·ѩߣٿγɶԳֵİ˴ͷɻ뵣߻ʱ̣䵱ƻߡ
ĮȻһƳѩʵһжԼģ˵Է٣ôλⳡ𣬶ѩģ
ϻ
һݵͻȻߺձ
˭ͷһʱķš
Īʮӣ𾪺𺳵ɫգǡǸҶȣ
Ҷȣ˫һ
Ҷȣ
ѩϫӡŽȺĵӣ׵壬Ϊˣ֣У޷ĨȥĴڡ
ҶȲǱţӶԴ𣿡һЩĵ̾
Īһ˺ȵǰҶֶ֣ΪһϷʲôѣӶԴһжǼٵģΪġԸǣ
ԭԭҶϣǱߣ
ֽ֮⣬ʮڵӣʱ¶ϲһб仯ɱţǿֱ֣߳Ҷȵĳ֣һһš
ǵֵܣλᱳţ
ڵ룬ѪЦ
һɱˣչ˾ͣҲһˡ
ಣ
ĿĿ£ߣִϣɫ۵Ҷȣ߳
Ȼ㣬Ҷȣ
Īɱ⣬ǰˣŴζɱһֱǿСǿƵģôɱҲɱļһ
ҶһƳĪ㲻мغȵĪ㱳ţִһǿɱţԴ񼫣ɱ㣬ζԵôĵӣ
ɱңҶȣڰΰɣ
ĪΪȻ֮ԱЦЦ̿߾ͷɱҶߣԾֶ죡
𣿡
ҶͻȻסߣ৵һƾʧȥ
ݡݣ
˳䲻ʧ
ƯڰյϽ󽣵ͻȻͷų֮ǰǿһԣϽͬ籩꣬ӽ֮Ȼֽ翪ʼ𵴣ƺϾ顣
ôһôࣿ
˴ͷת仯Ͻһɫÿ
ģƣ
һپͷ̼һˣҲû֮ǰǷݴݣʩչֵͨϽ
ˣ
·Žһһ԰ס
䣡
˴ͷϽ˲䣬һϽԾƣֱһͷƣ׷׺ѹȥɾѹ
ѹѩϫӡŽڵ·ա
¡¡¡
߿տʼը𶯣Ͻս޲ʤֶ籾ԴͷųĲ
Ϊʲô
һͷűϽնϵۣһãȻپͷΪλ³


1451 Ӳ
ٵʮƷӲȲ࣡
Ͻ£رжϣ
ͬ³ͷЩʵĸо
֮һ˴ǵãֶȵز治⣬ؼ̫㷺޷չ
硭г룬´һͷǣ֮ǡʱ
á
Īվһ࣬ʩչͨ赲ϽȷҲ޷һ
´ΣǿֱӶֶ֣⵽ڣֱӻ𣡡ͷҲڰңȥǾ㲻ᱻϽնɱȴҲ޷ֶ졣
ȥɨأ
ߣ
˲סʧȥֱ۵ľͷתӣǴĸ֣ջ˻֡
Ǿ뿪
ϫӡŽ桢ѩȵȣЩԸ⣬òףȷϣۿǾͿԻֶ죬һС
˭Ըװ뿪
Ҫߣ֮⼸ͷߣ뿪
ֽУ
ξͫͷʹâһֱû˿뵣ġ
ע⵽ͷǵɫֹϰ߲㣬صصͷ˿ʼͬӡ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣡
ֽ磬ʮּ̣ȴͻȻʼ͸磬ϵϷС
ԭͷ֣ͷֽƣȻ뿪񣬽Զʧץɳֽ磬ϣûκεЦݣ
ݡ
Ϊнֶ߲֮ᣬ߶Ͻ󽣵ϽջΪ˰˵޴Ͻ񽣡
˵Ͻ񽣣
ֽһʱգһСıԴȫ㼯С
֪˵Ͻ̺ǿҲֶ죬չֳǿĵ̣뷴
ߣ
֣Ī󣬶ɫ
߶ٶȣȥ
ݡݣ
˵Ͻ񽣣ư˻ģնֻصƣֱưǿ߶ȥ
ɱɱ
ɱ棡
ֽʧͷߣʣѩϫӡŽȺĵӣд˵ӣǾǱߣʮڵӣɵۡյ¡ĪԿΪ䣬ϴ鷨ߣɱӡ
һɱչˣ
ۡ
Ͽգһٶ߲㣬඼֧ʼѪ
ǣȫ߶Դӳִ߶˵ϽǴﵽ۷塣
ǵˣǺúϢϽ󽣵ػع鱾Դ֮ءξи߲Ȼתһشɱա
ƺˣֶ챾ԴطҲҪǿȥ߶
ǰ˾ۼһĿ̫ˣʹ˷ֿƻָ֮پף취
ã
˵Ͻٶ̫࣬ͷɺǰֶ磬ǰһ뿪Ǿ㳹뿪ֶ졣
ǣǸֶĳشֶǣµذװ뿪
߲ˣ
һӣһȻǰֶԶֻһӢӣƯӰ˴֡
𡭡
ĪһƳɵóЦһ
һĪޱɫһɨˣֶǺ۸𣿹ƾǣھɽ޷սʤкã
˵ĺܶԣʦܣһŹ
ξ񣬺Ȼڰͷĺ󷽡
ûܵˣ
ҶͻȻߣڻԱߡ
ξ񡭡𡭡Ҷȡ
ĪƲƲ죬νЦԱԴ֮߶ſ赲ǵĲڵǡ̫СˣѰ·
𣿡
ͻȻ˫һϣһɷӡ֮ʮָڷһ㣬ƣʹڣ˲䣬ͷųˮơ
һ٣
Ʊһɿ֮У뷭ڣһٸ֡
ƣĪΪ𾪡
֪нʵĵӣǸôͻȻͿͷųһٵƣ
һٰˡͷǣȻѻ
ĪңξһĪ
Բѣ
Ī˲Ϣ֣֣̩ɽѹƣֱӳҶȡߣû˵κ谭
ԭ룡
𵱿մһӡȻصһĻˡ
İ֣ڵĿռ䣬ͻȻؿʼ飬һɹ֮޴ʯ壬顣
䣡
ռ飬̫죬̫ͣȰǿ߸Ӧ֮ʣ֮һ޷ѷ졣
𡭡һֱС㣬һ٣ٿ⣡
һĪȴΪ⣬ʵѴƣԻ𡢶ֶʶ
ֿߣ
֪ĸͷһˣ̴Ӱ˸ವȥ
֮ɫҶȣߣЩԸ㣬ȥʦ𽻸ɣ
ߣʦ֣ǯƲնɱǿߣ
ҶȵͷһʧĺӰ׷ȥ
Īȥηأ
Ҷж֮ʱξתһƬʧӰĮȻͷɱһӿ죬ʧڽڡ
䣡
ֶ죬ֽʧ֮һƬС
ಣ
ʮӣٷɹ
λ߲ͻȻٻңȥһ
룬һеӣͻȻͣ²
ãʦֵܣҵȥֹӣ
һһȭǣɱʧȥ
˿̣һˣת߿գһӰڵʯ䣬ƿն£ǰʱȴһϣˣٵغںϡ
ת˲һ²ˣûģһЦ׼뿪֮ʱüͷȻһ壬¶һݾȣӰĸ߿ա
ֻҶٶ
ҶʦܣҪȥֹӣҪҶ˲Ϣ͵ձȭͿʩ
Ҷһʮǰ߿ա

һ磬ٿڵĸ߿վ
һҶһֱĬٴʵʦܣǷҪ
󣡡
ȻҶȱؿڣȻİĿ⣬󣺡˿̣㻹Ҫǰ𣿡
ʦܣʲô˼Ҳ޹ɻ󲻽ҡͷ
㲻Ǿ͹ˣҸղһֱ׷ٺ˵ˣȻͲˣǡ
ʲôˣʦܣδʲôˣȻ֪롣

ҶȵһЦ㻹ҴգĶߡѩǣĪȵȵ飬ҶڰУӵһ֮ǰҲδ׷ħһֱΧã㻹ȥ𣿡
㶼ˣͻȻһ䡣
ҶȵԣӲˣݣһУŶѾƿأΪǱţһֱˣ治ףز㻹ʲôΪɱң
Ȼ֪ˣ
ҡҡͷԳһ˫ͫһһħһɵ⣬˫ͫͷţû뵽ҵļƻǻϡ
ҶһߣҡϵĶۣ仯һ̣ҲǶ֪ˣֻһֱûе֪ҪʲôĪţ¶ҰģݣȻҲ޷ȥ


1452 Ҷս
㶼֪һУ˵Щ˼Ҳ֪һֱҪԸ㣬Լţɱ㣬ڲأ
Ƶ˵ңƣٲֶӵϢһɵħ棬ںϵĹơ
ؼһǿӡʧ
ٵƣħͬԴͷţΧأڲսš
Ϊٵǿƣͷų

˿̣
ʮ֮ҶȣȻͷŵĶòϺˣƣȫĶ֡
١
֮Ҷͣȴ޷벽žȵľ磬ԭľˣ
ֶ꣬ɵ۶޷ﵽǶôʹһ¡ˣֵûˣУõʹ㲻֣ӡŪɫĿ⣡
ԡ˺ֶ죿
ҶȣΪҪֶ죿ֻõֶһаˣȻһлΪ㣬Ϊ㣬Ҳнǿ󣬲Ϊ㣬ҲҶ裬ͱԾ֪ĸطɱǣʬ嶼û˷ֶ֣죬ҲΪͨӣȥѰɣ
ΪңгǰδйʣȴһУƵҵϣ
ȻΪ㡭ҵʦôҵңҶȰ޷뵽봫˵еġһ죬ңµġҵϣ
Ҳ֪ҵݣ
ҶԳһȻ֪Ǭһ࣬
кܶûŪס
Цʵ㣬ҵʦĿǣȻҲ֪ǵĹȴ֪ҵʦҲǬһֱҪңץȥԸ㣡
һУǬģ
ȻʦȻǸ˲ڽµĿ棬ʦҵңǱУʱʱ̿һԸ㣡
ħڷӡ֮أӻİյӡôӡ֮֮£Ҳ֪ǬΪβԸң
ӡ֮¼֪޷֮˾˭ʱ֮УҼյӣ֪ʦǶôĸԭյͱʦƷңѴӷӡ֮ҵһϹħ밲յںϣ󷽷صֶ죬ϧֶ죬˿ԿʦͨðյӴȻ󡭡ұֱں˰ĵӡħڡӵħͬԴͨҲһֳԽ˵ʣ
ԭһģһ͵ڣֶ㣿֮Ҷ֪еȥ
òǬͨ
ƣӾˣʼĵݵػӶ˫֣һжܣҵ¶Ҳ޷ɱ㣬һʬ壬عʦߣССֶ죬ݵң
㻹뿪
ҶͻȻһץһٻӰŵǰ½ʦãְ֮ɣ
½Ůˣһҵĺ£ŹԭһȰҶȣɲ֪½֮ǰǶôᣬϦòŮӣһͷ׷ĳª治ɱˣҵ˫֣һɱ
˵·˵һ²ؼС£üңȻһҶȣ㲻ܷҵϢҵݣĪǡ
ԣ½ʦõ䣬һ˿ͨղ׽˿Ϣһ޷Ĵڣֶ죬Ҷʩչͨδҵ㣬ȷӦ˵Ǭͨ󣬰ɵħ룬˭Ҳ޷뵽밲յӣһˣϧ¶޷죬ֻҪˣͻϢϢʩչͨһҵ㣬Σ˰ζ𣿽һնɱ㣬ð꣡
Ǹʵ𣿡
ܻɵһЦȻ˫֣Ȼ
ζһΣıƣһϸζʱȻᣬķ
ֻһ߶೤ȴŰƣպͷŵħͬԴƣ໥
ʣǱᣬںϵħܣǰƶɵı
󣬻ת㽣ͷɭɭϢ̫ħڣԽ󲿷ֵҶȣ֪ʵͻ֮ǿޱȣʦҶС㣬ԡұȫڵ£޷
ҲϣʵǬȻ޲ɱĲŻʵȴֵþģΪĵӣûб£ϹˣҶȻһץһɽС
Ϥɹ
ͻȻ̤һе̫ħƵģķǻΪ
һֻɵϢһֻڶħϢ
ಣ
ȫӿ˵ħͬԴ
ֻʱƿգͬںζ

̫ͻȻ̫ķζٶȿò˼飬ûκεĲ
Ҷץɽ̫ħʱֻպͬʱҶǰγһͷײҶȵķ֮ϡ
ͬڵƵģҶȱ̫ħײ˰ɣһɽ壬ɽ嶼ҵúΪƽء
ಣ
̫ħζƬ̾͵˷Уֱһδεζ
䣡
ٴεУ棬ûҶȣ̫ħ󲻶ϴ߶ħͬԴ̫ħͲϹسһ޴ķӡ
ƯͷŵǿУһЦǬҶȰҶȣҵʵѾﵽ٣̫ħκǿߣҶնɱο㣿ڣӵжٵȴҲﲻٵĸ߶Ȱɣһ㵽ˣȻҵĶ֣
ǿ󣡣
У
Ҷȴ״̬
Թһ״󲿷ˣֻǱ̫ħһΣ㲻
󡭡Ǭ£ӵ˽ӽ۷Խߡǣֲǻġ
Ϧһɵ۶ǵĵӣͻȻΪپͷ
಻ţƫƫͷˡ
ֻ󡭡ĪҵܣɣߣκιҪңÿռɱΣ̫ħȷ޷Ӧң˵Ͳˣ
Ҫ㣬Ҳѣ̫ħ˹ǿôȻҲ쳣˵ģֻСÿռͨԸ
ϢƬ̣·Ȼڵ⣬̫ħϹ棬ƺҶȵʬǣ¡
ֹ򣡡
Ȼ
Ҷȴ߶˲񷷨ͨ
ͻͻͻ
ڴ߶ӡͻȻԼĶռ俪ʼѹƣ޷ٽӡƷҲϵ顣
ǿĿռͨ˷򡭡⡭ǿپͷҲ޷ʩչ˵ķͨ
ͻȻþٵһ̫ħͻصǰҲϵعΧ
޷ӦҶȵĴڣֻ̫ܿħ⹥ռ䣬٣ҪҶл῿


1453 ϶ּ
ä
ȷǿ󣬶Ը취࣬˿ռͨԪͨδͻᱻ̫ħӦ޷
У
ͷžֹҶֻҪˮֶΣӦ취ڿռⷽΪҶһȣһ죬һء
ûпɱԡ
ҶȻռžƣ¾ʵﵽߡǰ㣬۷ĵزȻ޷κҶȡ
Ҷȵƣÿ˵جΣа
Ǭڷӡ֮أ߷ħҲǣڰоӪԼʵڱ䣬Ҳڱ䣬Ҿɱͽܣ֪ҿɲǺ۸ģ
һЦϻвǰʲô
޷㣬Ҿĥ㡭
Ҷȵּͫϻ۵ͫ⡣
Ҷȡû뵽ѶԸֲĪһδԸ㣬ȴûгɹסңֻͨԼңȴκβң
·Щؿ̫ħΧռζռ䶼𶯣飬ֶ磬ڲ
ֵʱΧΪ˽أֶӣѸо˭Ҳҿ֡
ֹѹȣ
ҶȲӣҲ߻ᣬʼؾֹĳ̶ȣҲﵽԼǿ״̬۷
ʩչľֹȻֲѡ
ಣ
ֹȻѹƲס̫ħڿռΧϵعһһ£ʮֳ˵Ǿٲά裬̫ħҲֻ˫ͫͷŵ
ֽţֹѹ޷ǿԶȴΪֲѹ
ͬˮһϵġ
ҶȵʵȻҲﵽ١ңƺԽҡܣֶŶꣿҲڡڣﵽ۷壿ѩϫǣﵽڣҲһٵĸ߶ȣ
ϵضȥ֮𽥳һ㱻ʳѾҶȲ˿ֲ
ЩףΪΣʦ˴£ҪԸҶȣȷѾҶͷŵĿ¡
˳ɳȥǬҲᱻԽ
Ǭ֮Թޣðֶǣе½ޡС㣬ǣ
ҶĿ⣬ԽĮ
µ˵Щʲôã
󻷹ܣӣ̫ҳҶȲ֮أϧĿռУ˿Ϣ޷׽б£ͱţҶȣƺһʤעʧܣ֪ʦǿǰ񣬶óһκβ㣬Ҵﵽ񣬱ڣ
ǰͻƵģӵپ磬ǶģԼеõģҪͻƣǬ԰㣬ҪҲС̫øԶ˵㣬û˽𣬵ΪǬҵˣһѾ˲ĵزҶȣӲŹԼĵˣˣעģ
ռΧҶȵЦϵɢûиԴ
ǾͿɡΪҾͶԸ㣿̫ħ̫ɵ
ĵͷ󺹣֪ʧ˶٣ƺҶȵ⣬̣ѵشһӡ
ˣ
ֻ̫ħȻͣ໥ϵײħɵʼռ䣬ֻÿһζ͵ٹңΪɵħԻһص
һڵĿռ䣬ϱȴְƿأûȫʧǲϵռ䡣
ͨ
ɣħ
ңԶϹţʱħʱԽκε壬壬Ҫ峼ħٴεս
໥ų⣬໥Կ̫ħһ̺ɵһ̺ħħͬԴȻϵһԣ̫ħƵĻռ䡣
ռ䣬ڲ
ﵽҶڵλãһҶȾҪ̫ħ湥ӣоҶȵλá
ʱҶͷŵľֹѾ̫࣬ħĿռ䣬һƻҲ𽥻ָɡ
ʵȻԽҡҳϱǣӵħͬԴ̫ͨħҶȣκβңҪӮ㣬Ҳףǽ֣ڴ˽ɣҰ̫ħΪһֶģ
һЦתƺҪ뿪ֶ죬Ҷȣȥ
Ԫ
ոת
ɫͻȻһݣΪ֮Ȼռںϣ̫ܵħĿռӰ죬ֳγɲ˼Ľӡ
Ҫ֪̫ħĿռ䣬ﵽնɱپͷ⡣
ǣȴ޷Щ޽
Ҳ޽̺Ҳһﵽٵ
Ҷٴ֣˵޷뿪
ʵⷬͨҲ⡭
ȻȣǣӣȻżᶨƵЦݣҵ̫ħδݻЩ
ಣ
̫ħڴʱ˾˵ı仯
ǣȻ϶Ϊһ
ݡ
ں̫֮ħֱӲħͬڵռ䣬Ȼֱ޽
¡¡
޽ǵֲ̫ħ
Ͼ̫ħǰıѾԽ١
Ҷʩչ޽ӣϵر̫ħݻ٣ͬʱһش磬Ҫ뿪ֶ졣
˷ǷѵûУ
ͻȻವһҶȾȻǰ߿ա
Ҷȣ־ͺãɱ㣡
һû뵽ҶȻֳٶزأ˲Ϣչ˫ۣ̫ħһΪչֳ˵ƣҪҶȥ
ƽ飡
ಣ
̫ħ˲ϢҶȣ
Ҷһץһͷ׹ģȻǰʲôҲûеգץסƽ飬һ

գ
ƽ̫ħײһ𣬶һ̣ײҶǿ棬̫ħ÷ڡ
һ㣬ǣѪ˼Ҷȣ㡭㾹ȻܰԦȳ̶ȣ
ڣʩչһ㲻֣Ͼɣʹ
ֻʹã衣
ֻ̺ԣſԴ߶У񣬲ſԷӳ٣Ҳֻ΢΢ش߶ѣ˵ڣѡһ
ȫ߶ڰ˵õѡ
ܴڣȴţĨĨѪҶȵδʶˣ´
һףΪǬҪ˶ԸҶȡ
𣡡
˲䣡
ҶչֳռͨĲ˼顣
ϢͳԽ̫ħ赲ֱǰͷƽ飬ȥ
꣡
ð亹·ӹŹһ⣬ڣͻȻһӡ
һֻ֣ͻȻҶȵȭͷȥ
¡
Ҷ˱ƷˣҲˣͬʱһĹƽͷˣߡ
Ǭ
Ǭ㣡
֮Ҷȣ
ˣϴǣӿڴڵѪȫذסţ԰Ѫ
ǬĲӰͷƿصþȵȻƳһҶȣСӣɳȥɣϴۻס㣬Ρֶ챣㡭һΣͲôˣ


1454 ξսĪ
ۺ졣
ԴҶ̤ɽ磬ֻ˸޷ǵĳ裬һɽۡ
һǰǬ
ҶȻסţȴѾͷ֮ǰ㣬ɵǬǬҶȵһֱô𣿡
СӣȡµͷõһУٻһʱ䣡
ǬĲӰذ
Ҷȡ֮ܣռӱ
ޱ޵ضҶȡ
ಣ
һǿʱ֮ǬֱֶĽ磬ʧȥ
Ҷûˣǿ׷ȥȻ׷һʱ䡣
޷ԽǬᱻԷϢκζ޷׷١
ڣѾˡ
ȫ٣ƽնɱκپͷǣȴֻݻǬһ
ˣ
ʧܵҶȣȴ·һЦݣǬǱ칬֮ѹʵȻ޷һҲɱκζǿߣҶȡ
ȴѾĨɱ
Ҷȿһ㣬ΪԼеοһδŬ֪ټ谭һһƣڿǬ⡣
࣬Ҷȿ˾޴Ĳࡣ
ֻͻڣﵽһ٣ҲǬı潻֣ʱѩ֮ʱԿɽǰ㣡
뵽Ҷȴ˲ڣǲͻƵģΪҪĲǲУڵı٣Ȼ٣Ϊǿ١
٣һ٣
֪жٵڣ֮¡
Ȼָһơ
ҶͷԪգյӡ֮Լ˾أȥţѹ֣ⳡΣ
ϧˡûնɱ󡭡˵ҪҳħͬԴĵӣҲԲˣ
ƿʼָҲʼͷŸӦֶɱһл棬ϵӳӦ֮С
ֶ죬ңԶ޽֮ػɫʱա
ʱƯһһŮ˾һ֮Զ
ӣĪһƳǰɣıŮӣ¶аЦݣξԼ𣿡
ξȻգüɫȻƽĮĪǸ£Ҳ޻˵һδ۷ӣ㣬ûʸ񣬼дҲܣ
Ҳܣûʸ񣿡
ĪȻһŭֺȻЦһ֤㿴ģôǸҶȣʸǲһȣǵģ˵ͷˣ£
ξδŭƽӦһ䣺ңҲҶʦܣĪְɣһֱţ׷ǽ㳹նɱҴڰҵΣĨɱӣһ졭ǴҲȲ㣡
Ǻǣ㻹ԼǸŮˣҾϲûĪҲˣ
Ī쳤Хʱһɶٵϵر
١ŶáʱڡһͷҪϦһǿߣһ£Īûʲôֵãҫʱξ֮䣬⣬ӿ
ǵĲͬҰɣһΪеǿߣ˫˫ɣǱ˸ãɱ㣬ҵȷЩģ
ʵûԹԡ
Ҿʵ
ĪһɹϵȭӡӶȭͷϵͷţΧʣ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ʣٵĪӵٵ
ȥ
ξֻǸոͻڵС磬Сκˣȥľ硣
Ż֮һɹ⣬ͬĻһ޴ʯĪӿȥ
ԭʵҲﵽٵĸ߶ȣξǰΣôǿпܣնɱˣڡ˿ûãĪ΢΢һ
ǰΣҾãûбҪۣնɱڣѳΪֶľ޴ɲ
ξɹ⣬Ī
յţͬŵӣһν档
ƣ
ĪտƹȭӡȭӡΪһ޷ƥеٶȣȫԽɹ⣬ɹ֮ϡ
¡
Ƭɹ⣬ȻܲסٵһȭȥǸãټȭȥƬɹ⣬Ѿֻʣ߲ɹ⡣
ˣ
ξӲһüͷһʵȷĪ̫̫󣬼ӵжȴҲֲٵ
âȭ
ĪЦ߸ͦɱξ˫ȭմĹϷ籩Ϊ˾޴ȭͷһһξϯ
Ϸ籩ȭϯ֮أȫΪš
Īŷ籩ȭɱϡ
򣡡
ξδ˰֣˫һɹ⣬ӿһεɹ⣬ƺΪʵʡ
ξֶ죬Ψɹ˼£Σһͨˣֵܵҵ𣿡
ĪȻͦ籩ȭҲ֮ϡ

ȭŷ籩Σ˲Ϣ
򣬾ֵܵסҲܿ죬Դݿƣϵر籩ȭ飬籩ʼϯξ
ƣξվһ֮С
ǿǸոտȶ١ξһΣעҪΪҵŮūĪͻȻһͨС
ͻͻͻ
ͨУĪճξն¡
£ξȫû·
񾵣
˫һƣһ̣ɾɹ⣬һʯɵľӣƯϷ
䣡
ͨУص֮ϡ
ƣɣһĻˣͨУ󲿷֮ϣȻ󡭡Ȼ
ʲôͨĪ󺧣Ĺôǿ󣬾Ȼһ񾵰ͨ
ţͨС
Ȼ𿪡
һɹ񾵣ֵܵסĪٵ
ξȻ񾵣סɫϵز԰ףϢҲԽԽ٣ĪǱСơϧûа¡ҲУͨţ
Σڵܴ߶ɹﵽ㾳磬Ѿظ˰ɣãҾһδεҲӦ֪ҵʦǴҲϹֵܼʱ飬ĥ㣡
޳ܣ
޳ܣ
գξһĪüͷһ꣬ͷ⣺ѵӵгԽҾ޳ܣξֻǸŮˣֶӣ㻹һŮӰˣ֮
ߣξҧأһδεֵš
䣡
Īͷųһ棬콵һŽһţ֮ϣÿһι񾵣Ȼ󲿷ֶǲϵģԽԽ󲿷ʼʧȥ˹â
ͣ
ξʵ޷סһ㣬һӣѪ
ѹңҾԲ˵޳ܣһУξ񣬿ϧûһǿʦ𣡡
Īξᣬɫؽӡϻ棬һؽһأϵ£·޾Դ𴫸ͨȻž
ۡ
¡
񾵿ʼ
·ξһһƺգͬʻʧȥ˹


1455 ξ
ģһδʩչȫһ²Сģ棬ҵĴˣ
񾵲ϵξѪή״̬ռݾƵĪԹߣһݵĺϷ
⣬̫
κͨ޼¡
һС
⻯
񾵾ҪĪѹ飬һ𣬴·ξ񣬶ܵ޴޷
˫ĴĿŴ̴һӡ
꣡
ػѹȺµ񾵣ͻأξͷŵͻȻͬһ㣬һƬ̵ʹâչֳ
ξȴһʧʹâ֮С
Ƿξκͨھ£νķǾһͬɣ
Ͽգ
Īֻһʳָ񾵾һ㡣
ͻͻͻ
һżĻһɽӸ߿ٿ٣ΪĿ꣬вӵʹâ
¡
һʱ䣬ݿ£鱻ɽѹѣ쿪ʹâҲϵ顣
꣡
ǣܵӰ죬ʼѹʹâУֲϵǰ죬֮ȴ·һξ̬ͬ
ӰҲˣƬʹâϵǰƺҪĪͷŵľռ䡣
ԭһŷͨԶһ壬Ϊħ塯ӵУתƵͨԽ˷ξ񣬲ֶӣͨ
ҾͲţΪǵֶܼã󲻹ƣ׽£
ĪһЦͷһ棬뿪ռʹâȥ
һδΣʹâ֮󣬱һʹâ̬ξֿʼᣬ𽥵ģʹâϢ
ȿȣ
ξشϢʹâд
侪ɣ
ͻȻһƣ׵һ˿ʹâУͻͻͻӿͬһߣĪֱϯȥ
ߣһƷʲô
ĪмһЦ˿ϯ͵̤һȭǿâ˿ݺݵײ

٣һʮƷ
ƣûκεĪǿ˿ֹڿУһʮƷȻ޷ǰһ֡
䣡
ξͻȻʹâУɳûκεѪɫƤ԰ףûߣǿ˿Ͻӡ˿ʼ裬ȻΪһɲƵ˿Īȥ
Ȼô汻ҪһƷǰ񡭡
ƶ˿
ĪͻȻһץһһżİɫӣƣһűγɵӡ
ͻͻͻ
飬ֳ˲䣬һƬͻأ䱬ϯĻ֮䣬ڿռ䣬ȫγɱռ䣬˿ٶͷŵӰ졣
Ī߶ϢãƾһרΪξ񣬷㲻ңΪӲңʵͲ˵ˣҽ˵𣿡
ȥ
ξŭΡΡаƵʳָƯֹ½ɫ˿ͷųϵ˿ȫʼһ״̬ƾɫķ
ȷǲǼƷΣҲĶ֣ؼһܷӳһֵѹΪһֱ֮͵ԭ򣡡
Ƴɫ˿Ϊɫ壬ĪδıκɫֱͦȤضţһƬɫ壬ܷһƱγɵľռ䡣
˻˻
ξͷŸɹ⣬üңѾ԰ɫɫ岻ϵ½ǿռ䣬ϵزġ
ǣ̫ľԣ
ɫ½ĪɸߵĿռʱ޷½һ֡
Īȴ¶ɭɭЦݣͷĴȻռ䣬ɫݺײ
Īٵնϡ

Ծƣײɫ֮ϣȻʧٴλûɫ˿㣬ͬҶڸ߿Ʈ
ۣ
ξͻȻһȻ۽ǣѪѪҲǣ񲱣ʪ½˫ֻһ£ش£ͬʧȥ㣬һصͷ
ಣ
ռ俪ʼʧĪ˫ƣ˫֣һξ
ܵȫһ𣬿ξҪܶײȣĪһҲʲôⷢ𽥵ξǰ
ξȴȻûκεĶ޽֮صĻգ·ںһƬݻƵҶƬھֹ״̬
ʦ㡭ǰǸ߰վҵǰ
Īξǰ׳˶ȫסξ̰ƲƲ죺ӴˣҪ㣬¸ңУΨһˣңĪһԶʵʵҰɣ
ˣһֱû˼ݡ
ĪĿͻȻһݣ޺棬֣ξϣڴ˫ۣĴ˵̫̫࣬࣬ģжǣ׷㣬ӵؾܾһ˵ĻᣬĪϲŮˣҸϲһƬδ̤ĵط
֣𽥵ؽӴ˿
Ȼһ̣һϰգͻȻøģ
⡭
Ī֣ոսҿһ룬ŵͻȻ֣ŵҡͷ˺ģô㡢㵽˭
˭
ʧȥǳ˯ξ񣬻̧ͷ԰׵üͷȻǰĮȻһɨյˡû˿Իȥ˭Īǧã򲻸öҲ£ĺ棬ջὫͣ

Ī֪ʲôξݣǺεȵĴڣһֱھ֮У㡭ξô⸱գ㵽˭Ϊʲô
֪ˡǴ㽫ϣʧ
ξ˫ͫʹâȻ˫ͫʼΪʵʵʯһؿʼ̣Ϊʯ
㡢ǡҲҪץס̫ˣû뵽һֱ룬ڽʵ֣ɣĪͻȻץһëξһɨ
ëɨʱռ䶼Ϊ״̬
ǡ
ξͻȻʧԲ˼ٶȻռٴ𿪣ſɽͬʱҲĪ̾ΪξĴ֮һ̡
ͣ
ɽȻĪٵȻ󡭡š
Īһ˫ͫѪ˿𺳣쳤Хʦ𡭡ң
ಣ
̣ĺüĴͻأһԪӡǣӡӰȻǴ
վԪӡǺУʥѣȻξ񣬾һĳ֮ҵĵӣ˭Ҳɱˣ
𣿴ǰΰҪסʱѳΪȥ
ξԴһƣǰΧĿռ䣬Ϊţ·һƣ˿ռ
ǡͨߣ
ξƤˣͫΪʵʵʯ̣Ϊʯһľơ
Χռ䣬һγΪţ
һλͬĿռ䣬Ȼ˿ͨɹ⣬ѴԪӡǹâڵסˡ


1456 ĩ
ǡ
ԪӡǺеĴޱȣǰֻΪɹʱա
¡
ľƣضأξɽϡ
ƣɽ˲Ϣ顣
ģȴǴľƣ
һڵһȻѴһ顣
ֶ졭ֶ졭ˡƭˣϹͥ칬
ԼĹһСһ飬ȴһҲŭһֱ޷ŵ״̬
һ˲䣬һƳξ񣺡һס㡭
üסֶ죬ңһ΢ȻиˣȻԶǣǾǸҶȡĳɳѾ㣬޷κˣŰɣЩˣһڸϳ㣡
ξǰһˣΪʯ״̬ٿȻŴ־ٴһ̳
䣡
һ봦ԪӡǺеĴڡ
ξ񡭡𲻶ϷʲôȻһϣǡʧǿ̣ȴʮֵĿġ
һУΪ˳ʧ
ıһǳŭ
ʦ𡭡ҰȾҰŴ𳹵ʧĪͳسξǰҿһξ
ƺξ˿µݣŵ޷κа
ϧĺȴҲػصţþûлӦ𽥵أʧ޽֮ػС
Ī˵˭ҲȲˣο㻹ҵݡξͻȻɽһ״̬Ҳ𽥵ȥ
Ҳûиղţڴ֮ϣǷأ״̬
ĪͫסƺҲĩգҪ֣ʼЪ˹źΪʲôξΪʲôĪΪѰֻΪ𣬿ҡΪʲôõĵز
Ҳ֪𰸣֪뿪ŲΪ㣬ɾһˣͲȥԼĪ츳˫Ԫߡ֮£ֻһԭʦܿ㣬ǿԼŬֵģһȴȥ㽫ᡭΪʦأӣͬʦҡ
ξѾĪǰҡɽڰգĿ̫ǳֻԼȴƬɭ֣ʦͨɡʦǰҲʲô
ĪҡͷͻȻעξ˿ȵ㾹Ȼǡ
ͣ
û˵꣡
ɽʹüģ¡һԪͳͳһ̱ըĪĲӰȫɹ
һУΪ˳
ĪԶֻ棬Ҷ㲻һȴһֱΪһ㣬ȥѰҴ𰸣ֻҪֵģһɳκε𰸣ǰ
ɽԶʧξġ
ͣ
ʹâʧһ̣ξͻȻ·һٴһѪ·ɽ磬ƺһжģ治뿪ӡ֮
ÿһΡŪزҪꡭܳ׻ָ
һδεغţǣȻ޷ټ֣֧סӣһ̱ȥ
ಣ
ͻȻһɹ⣬ξ
ʧȥĵξ񣬻һӷ·һ㣬ססΣһɹ⣺Ҷʦܡңֻɹزлɹ⣡
ʦ㡭û°ɣ
֮ξ˴ɹ⣬վ⣬ҶȵĲӰɹķٿ˸
ʦܡ̫ʱˣξ¶ɵЦݣеЦЦ
ֳҶȣδξЦȻ֡ӵħͬԴڽһ̡˭֪֣ߣҲˣڻָһЩȴӦһɲĸо㷢ʦ㣬ϸ
ξҶȴҶԾ΢΢һ̾󡭡֮Ҳͨ󣬲ڴ𣡡
ĪǡҲˣ
һ·Ī䲻⣬ʦµնɱʧһ̣һǿԪӡǣǴĪɱĪȴˣڡǳĪ
ϧˡĪ˫Ԫߡ
һҶȴ̾ξȻܴӴУһ룬ȻֵֶסΪģֳɹնɱĪ
ֻǣĪУͿԵõĪ˫Ԫ
ӵ˫ԪͨҲյвֶξľ
ҶȷֻҪĪһҪԸûôˣת˸⣺ѸӦò࣬ʦͨ޵УߣŸ߲֣˳նɱپͷĶ٣Ҳ˲٣ҵӣڴɱ֮УûҶˣ
ãȻȥ⾲ޣģŵӣԼȥΣգҲԼɳһûᣡ
ξͷȻҶһͬ·ɽ硣

𡭡߲أ
һ飬ԭ𣬴ͳꡢȼʮ˵ĺĳԱҪϢӳֶ졣
һӣȴٿȻڽ֮⡣
𣡣
һ˶²ֵضŻ
ˣһӣݣϣϧˡǰҾ㣬пܳΪֶӣ㡭˷ʦĺ񰮣
񰮣ΪҪ˫ޣǿϣӵеһ˫ȻԴǸ𣿡䳰Ӧһ
ЩѾû˿ãԼϹ˫ۣʲôپͷ죬Ҵʦ֮ĨΪĵһˣͳͳϳֶ죡
ͻȻһ䡣
ɱ
ҰĲػ֣һɱ𣬾ͳҲС
ԾĹ
ƾһƣʮֱɨȥ
¡
꣡
̫ǿһУɨˣû˵ķԵֵһʱ䣬ÿ˵һȻʹ֮
ȻеͨϧĵĶҡˣᳬԽңһ⣬̱µˣֻһվţǱһ԰׵
ͳꡭѵѣΪϣӣҶȶĲֿ֣ʼֳߡ
һֱѹƶ߰ˡ
𣡡
һزʵľЦݣһơ
֮ƺйɾռ䣬һͬѹȥ
ӳ֣
ͻȻһɹϵƣȻﵽ˶٣Ȼɱ
ոշɳռͺݺһѹһȻĽ𵤣ش֮
飬ʧѪ壬Ҳ޷ᵤ
ǣˣԸһתԪ
ĪΪʲôΪʲôȣˡûһöĪҺһӣ
ʧȥ϶˲䣬ͳ׵˹ȥ
뿪
ĮȻһȣΧɳٸӣͷƿһǺĵӵķˣһͬ뿪


1457 ѩ
𡭡ͳ꣡
⣡
һֱˣҶξ
ˣֵһֶ죬ȥʱҶȺȻ޸д
ֶ죬һʱˣ
һηѣжٵĺĵӡ޷ֵģѻǷţ³ǱĨɱǱ׵طȥΪΪһ
ϣٴγΪ԰ڡ
ôֶʱҶȡࡢ桢ӵȵЩˡ
𡭡ϧʦǰ㿴
һԵξջĿ⣬ҶȣΣʦ߻ħܣֻ֪
ʦ߻ħҶȿֶ֪۵ͨһУپ޷Ȼӵа
߻ħܲѰ
ţҲ֪ΪʦǰӣͬС֮ʦټʱոŵԭõһϵպÿ԰ʦ𡭡
ʣټ߶һͬ
ΪˣʱϦʹﵽɵۣ󲻾ãͻ˳ۣ
ԭ
Ϥ࣬ҶȲ˫壬ֶ죬ŮΪ𣬿뷨ҲЩˡ
Ҷһ̾ʦͨĪ𡭡ĵӣԸӦһƲȴκˣ˽ÿӣ
ҸʦܶˡĿǰֻΨһ˵޷͸һˡˡ
ξ˫Ĵ૳ӯӯĿˣ㣬Ҷȣǵĵλӣ㵱꣬Ĩɱ㣬ҲΪͻȻյʦʱҪ㣡
ҵãʦѰҿ͸Ǻǣ
ҶȴһЦԸʲô֪һ֪͸оΪʱʱ̶ֶ̿Ӧ
ָоλܡ
ǫˡҲδ͸㣬ˣҲŸ͡Ľ㣬޷ԤϵδˣȻ߲ռ䣡
ξٿȻվϢָ˲٣ȻҲӵмΪͨǰˣڿһ㣬ƣȴһʱ޷ָ
Ҷһͬ
˲䣬ξֱӶ޴磬һ⡣
Ȼ󣬿ƶҡĽ磬ٿȻͻָ̡ص״̬ξҶȷ
֮ӻӴܣƯʬ壬ϧҶֲ޳Щʬ塣
Щ˷Դ˰ɣ

ȻĿ꣬鷨УҲдˣΪ棬Ҷξյʥأֻʣһ鷨ߡ
ξһ£ǻָн硣
޴ֽ磡
һ֮߶Դ磬ʼ˲ָȻҶȸӦǿɹʯͷų޴Һ
߲ռ䣬˲Ϣͳ־޴Ľ磬ָֽˣ߲ռ䣬ȻҲָˣңѾ֮ǰһӡַϣͨͳͳȻһ¡
ξ񲻰µķӡȥûˡ뿪ֶ죬Ȼ١ľͷ⡣
Ҫһδϴĺܳף
ҶԸˣ鷨ָһͲһˣȻֻص죬ϧѾ飬ԴжˣֻҪ䣬磬㴣ֽС
ң֮ﵽ˺˵Ķٸ߶ȡ
ֶ֮䣬һЩϳΪӣҶѾǰǰ㴦طâִϡ
纺Ӿ֣ҶȲһ죬ҶҲնɱսУ㻹ãֻһЩˡ
࣬ȻǳΪնɱеĴźĵӣĴ׷ɱ档
ⳡ籩֮󣬿࣬Ϊĵӣ״ֵӣνѣһˡ
ǣԼĲŻʵΪη粨УҶȡ֮⣬ҫķâӡ
ʱոջȻһµһڡ

ѩ۵ĵӣѩǰ磬ϧ޷֡
ѩԱľ̾ôŵĽ磬ʱǿ󰡣ңѧᡢƿصķӡ޷߶
Ϊʦ㣬ѾıţеĽ硭ڵ⣬ѾȻһ£ǰЩͣ
ĺȻһ۵ĵӣӺ׷
ͷߣĪԿ񣬻ˣֱֱѩԱ
ɱ
ѩŭߣΧԱ
ͣ
˸նͻȻʹһ֮ͨ⣬γϸĹУɨˣǻΪȴУи롣
Աٶһ¡
ĪԿּ䣬˵ͣӣ߲ӣֻҪͶĻֻҪĨȥΪɣڵɵ䡭ҪȥΪ

ѩһ󲿷ֶ˿ţһԱֳͷ̫Ըܡ
ʵһĻҲˡ
ѩԱһԶջƣͨƵģʵʵĪԿÿһ
С㣬˼
ģͻȻѩһεѡ˺
ۣ
Ǹոնһ£ѩͷų˵ģ˫ۣϳϸϸѪڣȻ¡
ҵˡֻѩƵģһɨгԱ
ѩͽ޹ˡߣΪѩ̵ľͷΣΪֶƽΣֵһ󹦳
ѩЩ
ѩߣŵغȵߡҵʦ𰡣ΪʲôһжΪʲôǿֶģ
ֶ죿̫ˣΪҶϡ߲һУҶȵǿ̶ȣֶ챳ԭھУʵһֱվھ˵ļ֮ϣϧˡ
ΪͷҲֻεҡҡͷ
ҶȡҶȣѩŹ㣡ѩ޵ҧгݣһϵز
ң
ͻȻһӰϢͳڽ߿ա
ϣ
ĪԿӣͳͳͶҶȣ׷׹д
Ҷȡѩʱͬɽ
ಣ
ҶȻͷųԽڣһٵϵضҶһδεع
䣡
ǿϺҶϣ˿Ҳûͷκεķѩϵطй
ǿ󣡺ǿ󰡣
ֶӣһĻʼʶֶ½ִ
ߣһĻ˻ر˫ۣͽѩֱ
㹻𣿲ɣ
Ҷȵͷųصİɭɭϣ

ѩͻȻ£ͷʹޣ
ٲǸ緢˴Լŵӡ
һ
ѩΪҴδйô֮㣬ֶû㣬ᵮŵӣ硭ʦܡֻһȥʽ
˵꣬ҶͲˣ
ȥʽȥʽֻǹȥʽ
ͣ
ͻȻѩ£һ£ȫͷųȼջ棡
档
ûʸҡ˭Ҳûʸ񡭡еѩϵ˥ϣΪ󡭡
ΪһεĻã
աĿ£һţһλǵŮˣ棡


1458 ֶµһ
ˣ
ֶĻԻͣЩȥ
ˡȻ˫գ
һŻҽսһУ
ôҲֶ״ӡ
ĪԿĺĵӣѩɶ䣬꣬Ͼһٮٮߣȥ
ѩٳԱһĻĶ͸ˣ
ֽ磡
󹬵ξĿޱȣ૳ѩ𡭡ϧŶϣ
ಣ
ʮ߲㣬ӵ⼲빬ξʩ֮࣬һᣬϣ߲Ҳһһ
Ѱн󷨣ᣬǺܶǰʦֹŶҶ׼ġû뵽ˣУµķӡ
ξһѹ򣬴ӿһһڳ߲֣֮Ȼֶ
֮
Уԭѳɹжٸѹѹͷָߡ
ЩٶѹǿߣԶУΪĥߣΪһϣѰҪܽ
ξ˿
Ȼվ뻪һͨ
˾죬֣ҶȾʹ˵ջ档
̰ƣҶȣ渵ߣӣͳͳȥΪصģĨȥ䣬͵͵뿪ŵĵӡţֻʣµ֮һĵӡ
Ҳաӭµһ죬ȥŹȥʧѩŽ桢ϫӡҶ곤̾
ξŵһŶӣ䣬ѳͽ䣬ֻСϫ첿ֺ˳ԱͨڵĲӦɹ˳ȥȻһЩ䣬Ҳɹߣţڹ֮⣬ҪһһͽЩӳȥ䣬ϫӣ
ϫӣ
ҶȰһŮˣֶΣãϫӣһؽӴɳɽԽֶĴڣСӣˮ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷȱʾ⣺ϫӡȥ뿪˫ʥкܴϵ
ã
ξüӦȻˣʱ䣬ţǣΪһЩͻĵӣʦܣúϢ飬Ҹ𣬼ʦ֣һ԰ˣ
ಣ
˵꣬ξ뻪תȥҶԭһᣬҲһЦ졣
ʪ֣֮
ΧĶ֣ܶطκεټȻųʪĶʱʱط
˿㣬Ʈİգ
ಣ
ͻȻһȺ칬ִߣԶ
ˡ
ڰգһ޴͵գص̷ɣһߣ
ɴˣȵǣ
ԶȺ칬ִߣһȻǶٵĴڣһٶˣһٵٲȣʧգٷȥ
ͻͻͻ

ͻȻʧΧһ
ʱӿХΧĶ֣Ȼ̼֮䡭Ϊ档
˿ʣ
¶ʯ棬ǵӣҲ֮£඾ףոðͱһɶ
âλСֵܣǿϧˣ칬꣬˵û˾ûˡ
һӣƮƮ칬ϣܲаԲͼƯ칬һ𣬳£˫ͫӣӼһֱͣ٣һֱûʲôַ˾ˣϧâš޷ˣ
һٶٵ칬ִߣһǿĴڣκγһţ⡣
󣬹ɴˣٶ̫ˣ
ת¶һ߸ϵգҲͶʮ߰£˫ͫȴɡ
ǸЩͷˣǣΪǿĴڣϧ֡˵ˣʵΧȥ
ӻӽٶȥ
ಣ
ʱʱһΧȼյĶף׷׵֮Уκζ޷֣δͷš
ͻͻͻ
ԨͻȻһϣԴĽ磬ٿӿ⣬Ȼ󣬼ʮߣԲ̬ͬڽУڳӣűɱ֮ġ
ӼôߣԴ֮ͺһЦЩߣıȥǿգӵ޾ĺô
˭˭ȾˣǡǲΪһĴڣǲԶУ
ǾǳȥԸΪ㵱ţ

ӡ֮£Լ͸ľ磡
һԴ磬һռУƯ⣬𱻽ã޷ٸ֣ΧŴķӡӡ֮ؿռ䡣
ͻأڽ֮ϵӣϣϡ
˫ͫͷһԲεĹâһɨ֪ҵݡôң칬֣Ϊͳͳ˭ɱǣ
ǡĸˡԳΪֵܣʱѱ·޷ǵò
ʱʱĶԻԭһˣͥ䣬ˣ˶֪ݡ
һˣԳǡŴζԿ칬
ȿֺ
ץסò׽ٵݡ
𣿽ʲôʱߵһģ
΢΢һȻмЦЦ·ǿߣϣڴ֮ʱȻӶ·磬һġ

̴Ȼн磬羹Ȼѣһ͸Ȼеϱա
ǿ
ʮߣõĽ磬Ȼ̼仯ΪУ
Щ壬칬ˣ
΢ЦȻڵĿռ䣬˲סһ޴壬棬һռ䡣
Ȼѿռ䣬˺ѣק˳
ಣ
ߣռ䣬˲Ϣģ
Щϡ
һƳ·ӡռǿߣһ֪ʲôʱʹڵĿռ䣬һסˡ
˻˻
ˣסһΪ˸ʬ
˭˭ɵУ
ʧȥ磬ʧȥߵأسǰ΢
Щνġȱֻǲˡ⴦Ӵ칬
ٴλӶұۣһʱ䣬ռ磡
һ
Ư֮ϣ·֮ͨˣϢص̫Ǹڽʵǿ֮УйٴϤϢħû뵽ѹô꣬ҵֻ޷øɸɾĪ㻹ҵֻ֮
ಣ
Ӵһ칬ִߣʧڴ󲿷ֻΪʪ֣֮
࣬粨УֳɫΪ´󹦣ϴ־ӴλΪ״ӣ
ֶ죡
¼º
ֽ磬
Ӿۼڴˣգ࣬ɵۡյԼԪֵĴᣬֶ߳վĵһشŻ顣
ǶṼź
߲࣬㹪ţΧɽХźˡ
ӣ죬ĵӣеĵӣõԴƽȥ죡
ԪǷʥĺ
ֶ죬ӭһʱڵ


1459 ظ
Ҷξ񡢻ˣ֤Ƽֶ죬һ٣ţеӣôԴΪʵǰΡ
žۻ֮Ҷֶ߲ڣ־ڲ飬Ҷ⼸޷ָʵ
֮Ҷ뿪һаȥ
ǿǱ츽Сģ
ͨеҶȣ⣬Ժ纺
Ŷ
纺죬ܳΪǿߵǾ޽֮أһ
ôһǿߣͻأ죬ȻˣȴҲӦòǵˣξûиӦ
ಣ
˲ϢҶȴͨзɳո̤ʱգȻӦһϢϷƯš
˫һ
ͨô͸ӦҵĴڣ
ǴʱգҶĿ£һӣ˫֣ݵҶĿ֮С
Ȼòһ˫üķâɲ
ˣֶƺòŮˣеҲ㣬ҶƯӦֶǿ߰ɣ
ӵȻһƳͫУƲǿܴĿģ뿴֣˵ˣ½Уǲǣ紫˵ǰ㳬ͬ
Ȼ֮ͬˡûǸҪɣ
ҶȿһЦȻԷݣңҶԷҲ̹Ȼͻشˣӣ뵶ڵĵգеһȣͬսӡ
㿴죬òײᣬսУͽΪ棬αأ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷʼε̾
ⲻҪΪڣӵٵʵôҾͰƬռĽ磬ٸ߶ȣҽ֣㲻Ӱĵŵĸֽ磬ңֲɱְˣ
ĺȻЦݣ˫һᣬ֮󷨣ͻȻ߶Ȼһ̶̳ȣﵽٵĽ磬ǰ
ȻͶ㡭ͷųٵĽ⡭˵ΪӦò٣ʵ
ǿߣȻͬ纺˵ͬӵʵӦġ߲࣬Ȼ𶫻Щ࣬ɽ硭ˣʣǿߣվɵ۷С
˰û˿ѹ
Ȼһİ񣬻޷ѹ
ŷѣֶԿˣƻδȬģҳֵֻﵽжΣ
𽥵Ҷȣƿʼͷų
Ϊ˳ʵҲһѹסҰɣλʦ֣ʧ飡
ҶȻһץȻֲɱ⣬ͺú˹УͬΪŵӣʲô
ɹ˴ʦ㣬Ȼֵֻܰزǣҵĳ̶ȣҲ㣡
ಣ
ͬһץһɹ⽣С
ಡ
Ȼ
ͬʱͷų۶޷ٶȣ˲ƣͬʱʧ˲ӳɽ

գֳɽײһ𣬽жԽУƶƣ
ٿȻ˭Ҳûռơ
ǿǿ󣬿ʵԶڻ֮ϣﵽ۷壬ӽԲĵزǻƾӮʡԪаʣˣҲֻսܵķݣֻģ棡
ֹУֻһУܴȡٶȡƵȷ棬˴˲ࡣ
ҶѾյò࣬ͬδóǿ
˵ҵɹһȣ˶٣ȻҲôŵɣ
ͻȻһģһɹ⣬ͻͻͻص棬Ҷȡ
ݣ
ͬҶҲ֣ɹ⿪ʼԷһ
䣡
ײƣΧռ䣬һţ磬ﵽٸ߶ȵĽ磬ζš
񫣬ǹ񫣬½ڣ˴ʦ㣬ȻһʦܣҲ£
ʱһЦΪһƬƬһô֮ϣĲǹʵһƬŵı
ݣ
һƬֱҶȶ
Ҷ˫üһԷͨӡյѣȻһƵϾͷĴڣ治ɫԹ

ҶȾͳͷŷν£ǿĽȴҶһ׷Ե̵赲
һŷͨʦܣڴһƷҪģҵͨɣ
ӣЦЦֶҶ޵ȻƣͨɵϢͻȻȡ
ң̺ԣȻߡ
һ𣬳Խߴڵ
ԭʦֵʵߡҶ΢΢һԷͷһϢѴﵽ۷塣
ǴڻڵҶȣڴʱͷųһپͷ֮С
ͬԻƾӮʡԪаʡߡһ
ڣڣǵǸСĴڣʵѾӵоͷĳƺš
ҵԣġʦܣСˣ
һž˵ԣȻ󡭡ͻȻһȭ˾ԵȭӡȫԽɵΨԵļʥ
ȭӡû̺Եˣ޷ֵģԵֵҲǴ۲أͬӵԵǿߡ
񷷨򣡡
Ҷȿûд㣬ͷԼǱӣٱԣԣܣΨֶۣܵеĲ

һɾֹķ赲ȭӡΧȭӡٶȣࡣ
һҡҡͷ÷ҵͨһٶȻҲ˺ܶ࡭ʦܣ̫ƻ˰ɣأ
ǺǣﻰҲͨҵķΪҵһֶͨΣҶһ¶ӣĺøС
ûͳꡢѩ˵ֲ࣬λо
ƽ׽ˣ
֮磬ȫҶȣԼ˿㽻֣Ҳǹ
ֶ죬ӵĵӣԭ޷ľ֣ͨĵӣĿ̫ǳֻδɭֻ֣Ϊ桢λϸϸơ
ն
Ӽȭӡ赲ٶ̫࣬Ȼ߶ǿƣһһɶ೤УһҶȵնȥ
ͻͻͻ
ռ䣬Ȼǿп
ǣѾѹҶȵ֮ͨϡ
еﵽԲˡֹ޷ѹУҶֻӲͷƤ߶޽塣
ȫ𽥵أֽɫңҲŵԡ
ϹŵĴ޽ɣǺǣʦܣ㵹һͨͷųУƺûٳֵ˼
ǣ¿źϷ
ʦܣɷ
֮ĸ߿գӰƯţ·ʶ
ξ񡢻
˵ǻ֮ɫƺ˽ֵֶΣʵ˼Ӿ𺳡
ʦûʩչȫֻͷԼֶΰˣҶȡȻδȬӦò⣡
ξ񵭵Ӧһ
ʦ֡ⲻ۸ô꣬ҳΪӵʱ̣ҲԴңʱҿɲʦӦƺ뵽ʲô£ƲƲ첻غ˺ߣӣϣԹƿ
׼ȥʱ򲻶ˣʦѾλʦܡʦãӦҪˣξ


1460 ޾׵
ʦܣҪģ
ӣٴθֶУϵնҶȡ
֮ǹ
ҶһΪƽɫ̽ӡһްĻƽʥǹʵ壬壬Ҷһӣٿһ£ʹС
䣡
ƽ֮ǹײһʱͱֲҶӳͬʱﶯ
磬һӳѷ졣
ҶȽűǿƣϵˣƽ֮ǹҲδ飬㿹Уֱ˺ʮɣֱͣ
ಣ
еʧֻӣһҶǰ֣ʦܻƣܽӴҵĹʦ˲¶࣬ʵ˺ˣǡڰ
ʦ֣۸ʦ𣿡
ĺȻӰʧĽϷ١
һ֣Ϻڽ˲¶һӢգһƳξ񣬾͹ۡҪŬʦܲŸոճΪӣʵѾԶ֮ϣ
ʦ֡
ŻʧҶȴժºڽӣһӢ꣬Ȼ֮ĵ
ֹԫ
߸ϵӡ
ʵֶͨĵӡ
ֹԫ٩˻Ȼ𾴵ӭξ񣬲ȭʦ㣡
ξ뻪ڵĸ߿գһƳҶȣֹֿԫʦܣʦǵõϿˣ

ֹԫת֣ҶȼģһҲû˵ֻǺЦ
ξĿҶϣʦܣˣʦ𽻸ͨ飬ʦϾҪʦܡʦáʦýţ㣬֤Ϊӣ
Ŷ
ӣֶ۶٣
£ֶδֹһĻȻһжܵģһӣ֪ӵĴڡ
߰ɣ
ֹԫͬʱҶȣһ̣ǾͬҶȣֶŵ·ˡ
ңҶȼǵգٿԼ΢Цξˡ·ӣӳŲóϼҶȸо̤ܰʵһĮصξҲÿůѵļˡ
ʱ䣬ϧ޷ԶһĻ
ҶԺ䣬ʱһɽֶ̣첽ΪӪ˽ͷ顭ĺȻеһУůԼ
ǹµģֶ죬оһԶĵط
ʦܣ
ʦܣ
ۡߣôˣʦȣɲŶ
ξ񡢻ֹԫЦݣеתٴεȴҶȡ
ûʲô
ԺԶһĻҶȻعҡҡͷȻݲȣڴ뷢ĵЦݣˡ
һˣӵžţֽ
ֽ磬
һƬڣûʲô׵Ľķ񺣣̵֣ӭһᣬһ㣬ϵͷų
ȡ
Ϫˮƹ֣̹ᣬˮͬڲݣֶɣУٴصš
ʦ𣡡
վһλŮңһȥֻʮŮôаװ˫֣Ůӷһ
Ů΢΢һЦûֶ۵Į޷ʵ
ӹŮֿŮģȥնɱҹʵӦ˲ٰɣ
Ůҧ񽿣žȻǻڶ٣ʱ޷٣öȥ޽֮زͬʱգ
ãҹȺޣʮգԺҪȥնɱԱһ΢΢죬òҲֻжʮŮӣΪŮ
ʦãѾŬˣ
ֶҷվŵλΨһӣҲʮңֶߣ΢΢˵һ䡣
ֶ΢΢һЦƷСڣסŮ˫֣ĳ˵ɽ磬ʱҴٵǿԼԶžͷðսΨһܳΪͷ·ģҪ𣬶ʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦȡҪһţӹȥ߳ͻƣ
Ҳϣͬʦ֡ʦ㣬һֱʦңΪʦģŮֱ
ˣ
ĺȻ곤ӣ֮ա
ಣ
ĵӰƮ
Ϊ׵ξֹԫȻǻҶȣһȻأǰС֮ϡ
ݼʦ𣡡
˸ոأֶۣ˹ʩ񣬳⡣
ֶ۴ʱıһɫɴأ͸ŲڿҶȣҶȣּˣϴڵڣţҲû꣬㣬Ѿɳʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦְĵزϣԽʦʦ㣬ҹȻû㣡
ûʦ𣬾еĳɾͣҶĵ˵
ۣûͷκƣκεһͨĳ㵹ǫ飬ʦ֡ʦɣ
Ҷȣڴˣʦ㡢ʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦ֣Ӵˣϣչչ½ʦܣ
Ҷȵξֹԫġÿһȭ񣬶ء
ʦܣ
ÿӣûжٵȴͬЦݡ
ҶһƳÿӣξ񵽻ĸϢ뾪˵ʦΪʵҶȶ޷͸һ㡣
ȻʦŲڵòȴŴϻ۵Ŀ⣬һϢһ۰㲿ͬѪ
壬һӵңڡӵѪ
Ҷ޷ӦʦϢΪƾѪӦʦ̺ĳ
ʦֹԫҶйӴ˵ʵϼԦԵͨʵߣûвࡣ
ʦģЩĹ͸һɾǿУڣŴϹϢʮִġ
ΪֻǶ٣ʵѾҲﵽжΡ
Ǿ͸Ϥˣһ٣ȴںɽһɽ֮Ǳ޷Ԥϡ
ӣһס
ˣҶһ㶼޷͸Ĵڡ
ϤĴʦξİĶʦˣҶȶܸӦǿ͸ΪЩͬ
Ψξһ㶼޷Ӧ
ֻ˵һ㣬˵ʵѾվҶȵĸ߶֮ϣԽҶʵȻҶ޷ӦĴڡ
ǣ벻˼飬ҶȵʵѾﵽߡĵĸ߶ȣֹԫҪǿЩǣһ޷Ӧξ
ˣӵеҲǶǸġ
ֶ죬˲żüãҪǷ޽֮أۼһͳԽ˴󲿷ֵ磬ͥ
ʦܣ㿴͸𣿡ȻҶȳĬ֮䣬ʦ¶Ī⣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ʦ֡Ǻǣʦǿޱȣʦܲ޷ʦֵĸ߶ȣ
ͻȻôһʣҶȻЩϰߡ
˸оһصʦ֡
㻹ᣬ㻹кܶʱ䡭żż׵
ֶۣȻ񱭣վ࣬ǰֻҶȣʦ֣ʦ㣬ŲͨʵѾԽ֮еһˣҲҪĥܸǣ


1461 
Ҷȼ˹ʦܣúģ̿У
Ҫ̫ˡֹԫһЦ
Ŀɮ붨ֹԫϣģʦһսҶʵûжٲ࡭Ҫٶȣ㣬Ҫӿٶȣ
ʦáʦܣǶҪӿٶȣ
뻪˵
һ󣬴ҿһϷ
ֶƾһĺȻӿһ⡣
һϷͿɥ
ֹԫʦܣû֮ʱǾһ𣬽֮һ⣬ΪӵĴӣ
𣿡
Ϸ治ͨϷ
ݡ
ֶʲôû˵Ȼһɰ߶ƿص⣬ٿȻҶֻǰͻȻһ̵޷ۣ綼⡣
ٴۣҶ𺳵ķ֡ԼȻһ죡
ڵ磬һƬɫĹգĹӡۣӡ˷ֻܼ족
ǡԪ硭Ԫͨ˲ϢȻҽԪ֮ͨУ⡭ǺεȵĴڣҵԪΪǳԽٵĴڣȻҲϢͱУ
ΪҶȣѣ
ΪԪֶԪͨƣӴˣκΣҪԪķж
ȻҲԴ߶Ԫͨϧһ¶Լ̣֮족ֶ۱ˣҲܵش
ֻӦԼݣ涢ŶԪ硣
ֶ۵Ԫͨ紫ݶǰֻţ࿪һʦ֡ʦ㣬ԻΪһ죬һţƸµǧ໥֮䲫ɱɲҪȳ֣
ǣ
ֻ˳Ȼˮˣ
䣡
̼䣡
ҶȵΧķļױսﵽ飬ΧҶΧγɰ
ٸǰԼļţҲͬİģ֪һӵԪ
ҪԼ󡭡ƴ
ƺսһҶȷһЩУױսתͣγɲϵ̬
ҶԺ࣬ڴս֪ʶ
ִ󷨣ӳҶȴû«ưȽзŴжƶ巽
ͣ
Ȼ
һһȻϵϯһӡ֮УȻγһƬһ󣬳һӡۣռ䣬һ𣬿ж;ֻһӡ֮С
޷뿪ӡۣ뿪ӡۣͻᱻһɡ
ͻͻͻ
һγɿµĻգΪһƬȼյĻ𺣣ͻȻһ֧ױս򣬴ҶӪһӡ֮УͻȻ񱼶ɱҶȵĴ֮С
ȥ
Ҷ̴߶Ȼͬܣʼжһݣ̰Χסɱľӡ
ݡ
һһӡУϷǻ棬ǣһֻֻȼյļʸɱ
䣡
ʸ̫ͻȻҶȶδױƣγɷ뿪شʸ׵мױսȻ
һ£ԪԽǿ󣬱أƾӣ
ƿֶ۵ʱҶȶ
ಣ
ʧȻɾӣոӡ֮ϣϼһ꣬Ҷһɱ
ȻԪǿԪһͨ󣡡
ҶƺյʲôϣȻȫʼ߶ǿԪУһƬƯ֥顣
Ҫ֥飬һ֣ȫĵ
ȻԪɢڼ깥еľӣٵ˿һ֣ҲͷųһƬ꣬ɱԷ
ͬʱҶȿʮɾӣǱ벻ͬӡ֮УԪҰɢ̴ӻУķţ໥ɱ
ҶΪԪǿġ
ˣ
һɾӣע⵽ҶȴжҶȸոնʱϵļ꣬Ӹ߿¡
£ʧ޴󣬴㱩¶ڵ˵ļ깥¡
ؼξֹԫġ𣬶֪Էһŵˣ໥໥ɱ໥絽ǽ
һƬսӣΪ˳

˲֪ãҶȸоһֱڽ״̬ĺȻһ֮
ˣ
ҶȷһƬȻһʧǰȻֶۣһͬӡ
ϴλֳʤζһţһʱҲ취Ԫѹ̫󡭡ʦˣٳĬԡ
ֹԫҶȣʦԪΪûȫû
´ε÷ָʤƲƲ죬һδĸо
ԭ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȷ֮ǰ뷨ǴģΪֶͨ˵ԪΪʵȻ
һĬĵӣ˸Ƶģģڽ֮ǰˡ
ֶ۵⡭ʵͨҶӵľ룬иУȻÿ˿ҶȵĿ⣬һˡ
һڷеɱ˴˶֪Է˭ĥϣǷİ٣ˡ
ΪֶΣ
ҶȴӼĿУ˶һҲİЩԽͨӵĴڣһֱ½ֶָơ
һֶ֮ӣ뿪Ƭ̣ҶȣΧֻķ
ΪӣֻһϿɣ˵֮䣬ǣʦͽϵѣҲˣҶȣĳɳһһΣҶȻҲе뷨
۸ҶȣƺѾҶȵһ㣬ǻ۵˫ͫź䣺Ϊ䣬ȻҪÿӣָƣִеħͬԴӣ͸Ӧ󣬼ħֳɷ뱾ֶΣȻӲҵķۣЩӦҶÿӣ̬Ȱɣ
ף
˲ϢҶȸоԼһŻֽоһУдڻֽϣһһ㶼ֶƿء
ӽֶ죬ԼÿӣʵֶעţȻκεκξеĴһһ֮С
Ͼͷͨ
ҪҶȣֶ첻һ֮أǿ԰㣬һУôͻɵĸߣԶ
ÿӣɵġ
ֶһЦЦݣûģЦĺȻ崺磺еӶͬ뾳񣬶㣬Ŀ̿࣬ͨߡߡǧͼֵǶ㳬Խ˵ĵ̣ң㻹Ϊʦ޷͸ܣڤڤ֮עţֶȻҡǣȴǴֶ죬ʵǼ֮ˣǵǹ⡭Ȼ΢ȴ˿ϣ
ķڷߡߡǧͼǶǵʵ̣ʦֽ֣ҲδЩ
һȻһж޷ӹֶ˫ۡ
ǺεȵĴڣ
εȵΪ
ǴǬͷߡȵǰľδϸ
ֶۣΨһͨͨӦҶȴ󲿷ֵ֮ˡ
һţһŵ䣬ӵͨı죬㣬ӹɣҶţһУ񣬶޷͸
ҶͻȻʼоǰֶ죬ͬ˴ڵһҲϤİİһ֪
⾿ǺεȵһŮӣ


1462 ޴ս
ηѷ籩ҪʱϢҲΪӣô½ţ뾳ϣǰ뾳޽֮ʵȻǿһĴڣʮҲã
֮ɵʵһֱڶ֮У칬󣬵ȷɽĵˡЩƾ뻹ԶʵǰΪӣʦ֡ʦ㣬һֱ޽֮أڲͬʱգѰԴΪһֱ㣬޽֮أţͬšɳɽǰ㡣úϢһʱ䣬񣬱ӣŬ޽֮أֶţ
С
ֶۿ˵ÿ仰ͫӣضϣ
·ǰһǰ򵥡
ţ޽֮֮ϣ
Ȼÿţ̤޽֮أɣģ֮٣
ҶһһѪڣǰǺεȵ׳٣ȭʦ𡭡Īһο飿
ֶ۵ǶĿ飬ʦ֡ʦ㣬Ҷȣ޽֮أֶ쿪ɣôɵָļ֮⣬û˿Ķ֣Ҳû˿ԶԸ㣬޽֮أȺԣǲս㽫Ҫͳͳڽ£ɾ׳٣ˣʲô£ʱ˿Ĳ
ӾΪ
󣬶˰죬Ҷȹͷ
޽֮ؽţȷҸΪҵϣ˿Դһн֣ˣңҲǾ񣬸Ӳ㣬֪ΪʲôţҾʹϢУоһֿԶɹ籩ڰֱ˰Ĺâ̸ɣ
ͫĺȻһҶ˼֮ʣξֹԫġ˲ϢҶȵΧ
۲ŭĿһƳˣ쿪ʼͿ뿪½磬֮£ȻɾҶȴ˽Ǿᵽģ޽֮أţߴӣҪ½ͬţӪһչֵĶ츣أ˾Ҷȣ޽֮أɲаи
˵
ಣ
ֶߣһͬΪһ⣬ʧ
ʦ𣡡
ʣˣĿͶ˶ȥ
ᣬһһ£˴֮䣬ȻһЩİ֮ǰ̫ˣξΪʦ㣬ÿ˶Ŀ
޽֮ؽţһڵ֮£λʦáʦܣʵȻǿ޽֮أвһǿ󣬻иǿҪţһ£ܽΪ棬һҪ㣬һҪŽа塢ħҲÿԴùϵһ޽֮Ҫţ˷֧ԮǼˣʵֵģΣԼŬϣ
ξĿ˸âƺǻȻ֬Уĵӣһڶһ㣬ֵɽ綯ʱڣݣ԰ţȻֻһְ취ڶ㣬ǾǣҪӵǿҪȥΪµŸѰԴЩ£ʦáʦ֡ʦһֱ޽֮ذнУռԴ
ֲáӴδ½ֶԭͰУΪ޽֮ؽţæµţ
ת˲Ҷס
ξ˵ϴ֮ңţΪ˷Ż˴飬һõĿʼţֶ죬ºܺõĺͣҲҪʦϣʦáʦܡʦáʦܣʦܣҪ໥ҲҪԷչ޽֮УѰҸԴʯʯҪһţûۺԴԴ޷㣬޽֮أһʧȥԴĵطֻܿԴά֣ͱ޽֮ѹ÷飬Щǽ񣬿ԺԶȥɣ
ʦܲѹ飡ʦȻҶͶȥһ΢Ц
ҶǫպҿԿƶѣ
ģʦĻҪҪһߣʦʦܣӵĳǸǶѰˣӻ棬ɣκ£ͨƻٷӣҪģξվӶаƵ֣ʧҲʧ
ˣվڿյա
ֹԫġξҶ̸߱𣺡ʦ㣬ʦܣǣ
ಣ
˲Ϣȥ
ʦ㣬ʦֿһֱʦҡĺȻ䣬ӣһˣҶȴź棬ξת
ξҶȺܿ뿪أֽУȻžĶʦ֣ʵ뾳磬ǳǿˣߣĶʦӵʵĴڣ
ʣ
ԭֶԼһʣ
֤ǿء
ʦһͨߡ
ͨߣ
Ҷȴδ˵һʣˡ
ϴͥҶȼʶ˽£ӳ֮һ괨һߡ
ʣ֮ǰҲ˽⣬ӴʦܣϤͨߣ˼壬ԸӦԪ˵ԪˣʦܵĸӦɽ磬еģκˣԸӦţٱѵĵӣʱұʦܰæһû£ͳͳҳȻӵиӦ˵ԪԪ棬ԽκˣȻʵ˶ʦܣʦӵʦǰɽ磬ʦܿԸӦκ˵ټ
˵ã
ǰҾ˳˵˵ʦ㡢ʦʦ㣬а̣аУ֯У˵õ޵ľѪֲаѡУңʦñһˣϧʵ飬ûһɹӣʦҲʧˣַӳа̣òֶ֮ڣΪʦʦںڵѪͨ
ʦ֣ҾͲö˵ˣ֣ͨһߣΪС͵õһɣɽ磬ӵʦ֣ԦԵı죬ǲģ
ʦáʦģϹͥǴϸԪӳԪĹˣոԪĹͥºպմ󹦣汲䣬䣬ϹͥȻ̭ͨ˻Ǽ壬ڵһͥͥǿУһ֮ˣֻ֤Լĸĸˡǰڣţʦأ
ʦ֣Сںһɽ֮ĴУӵмԦԴһΪͷʵɽǿޱȣ
һֽڲ磬ʮ˾󣬶ξҲӵһУ󲿷˵Ҷ
ȻЩʦ֡ʦ㣬򵥣
ٿ֮䣬Ҷȿξ񣬾þ޷ƿĿ⣬ξЩһҡҡͷƺҶȵ˼ûʲô⣬Ҳйһɽҵڰˣ
ûʲô⣿
ҶȲţξΪһʦ㡣
һŵĵһӣ


1463 ʥ
ȻҶҲûмٸʵף
ÿ˶ԼܣҶȵܣֶۣҲ˵ȥ
ξټԪϣٿ飬Ҷȫ̾ȴûκ֮ҶȾࡢúþһۡ
ֶƽ֮һжӭµĲͬ
ҶȽһûɣǾǡţͽӵĵӣϫӡ
Ͷ˫ʥһٸ֣Ҷȣһа¶ԷȻӵɾ磬ڣܴ
ܶͨȻ޷ȫطӳ
ҲܷϫӲܣͽΪִֶϵΡ
ңҲҪλᣬӴɳɽˮ
ҪģˣǬһˣҪһʱ䣬ȫָ
ص죬纺Ǳޡ
޽֮أߵĳʱС
ž
һУͻȻһ̶İ
ֻͰ͵ظŷӣһߴľǰ֨һ
Ǭŭȼա
ΪļƻȫңΪƻܵӰ졣
һˣһɨվǬߣˣǬ֣󲢲ǿʧܣֻСֶ죬ȻǶСֶ죡
Ǭһŭ޲ãһƣ
ͬ棬ڵ
ô裿˶ң˭ҲܣǬҲܣԺУһƬʹʧ֮⣬󼫶ȵԹޣУ޲һǬ
Ը裡
ģС治һ򡭡׷ˣǬתϱ£ĿӺϡ
ħҲ£һЦħ⣬ͫԾҲ֪ΪΣǬ֣һֱһССֶ졭ȻףЩдֶ죬治򵥣
ֶ졭ʱδһģֻһҸһм
Ǭ޵һЦȻĿһ׷ħΣɷʵͶ㣿Һ

ħЦһϸԪħеߡӵйĵλʵ֮ϣǰһİ񣬾ʵδָҲһˣҵ𣿡
ԭˡ
׷ħѱܸߣĿˣ㣬βŻħڣ˴㣬ȻԱã˵ףҵڻң
ô˵ȷǬһ˷ħ˼
ٺ٣˼Эһ˼죬ֻҪȥǿߡУ
ãȥ԰ݷλħͷ
ǬվµƳһúûȥУ⸱ħͬԴһħͷӵйߣ̫ܰħںΪκˣ֮٣
ǣʦ𣬵Ӷ̿У빪һ̣ڵذϵ̯
ʮָػڵذϡ
Ȼͷ뿪ŻͷȻһЩ׷˫ͫǷɵâ𽥳ħ⣺ҵĳ裬ҶȴģǬֶ졭ӴģҪеĳ裡
λȥ
֮⣡
ǬħҷһȻһӰһħ졣
֣Ҫȥ׷ħһôͬħȥҪҲһȥħħȭ
ãҲüʶʶ׹ǿߣħ̾ʹӦˣˣһͬħӿĹ
ħϯգ·ſգ𺳲ѣ
֮󡭡ʥɽ磡
ʥ֮УҶڹ֮ϣټеĺɣʮٸ֣ٿ顣
ֻ»һˣģħԪһֵıʺϣٸ˵˵ȥΪѰһ
ˡ
һΪƣҪ˵֣Ҷֲ֪ҪȥηðΪһѾ
ʯɺãϵ֮Ҹо󲿷ƺѹҶϷһ࣬Ŀ͸
ƽƺʯȷǹ屦ûҲ԰ѽѹƵزȻҪͻưҪ򣬸ԣںܱƳڵɵ֮Ҫһ̣
ҶЦЦһӦʥɳǣ̵Ľ磬кܶٸ֣ʮ̤ʵ밲
ֶߵĽֶԽУ˺棬޽֮أҪʽ̤롣
ģǾͲþˣȥ޽֮أһȥɣһϵе£һ˵ҲԴУѰͻƵ㣬񣡡
ãӦ
ҶȾȥ˼缰ˣʥأ˽ɽķչ
굹һڵ䣬ɽȻӲ࣬쵼£¼ĵӣš
ٻһֱУٻҶ˽֮οʦģܸģûоΪҶȽ̲Щֻи򣬲ָǰ
Ҷ˽֮ʱĺȻһٷңԶķƿնɽϿա
ҶȴŻģС
ϹϢٷƯĸ߿գļٷȻһΪٷУоϤϢ
ǣ
ٷ飬ֳ³İ׷Ӱ¶йϴǰһ֮ͨŬڣҵѹĵطҪзȡأģ
ʧҶһ³Ϣһ̾һޣеǱͥ
ţش۹Ͻµġʥ硯֮У
ҶӦһȻеǺο۱δ֪ʱգ³֪£帴
˵Ҷȿ԰ǰõĸ顱³֮֡
ˣ³ǱϹͥҲһʱ䣬ޣ¼ȥ̫꣬û˻ΪϹͥʲô֡ȻϹͥʹھɽ޽֮֮䣬ȥ³룬ı˵˫ʥҲܣ̾ϫӣΪˮǰĴڣ
룬ҶȾ;ȥͥ
ಣ
ʲôҲû˵Ҷ̴߶ǧͼʧʥء
ġ
һ޴Ľ磬Ȼһûɽ磬һͶ޽֮أγһԲεľ޴ʱա
ǡɽϹͥ
ءءͥС
ܴ߶Ϊ֮ͥıϵһϴδϹͥû뵽磬뱾ϵ
ƴǰҶļֶ
ĻסҶȣһӡһں֮űԴϢͬ󷽷ҶȲ硣
ȻһƯĶʱգǰϷƯʱգÿʱգڲвٵĽ硣
ʥͥУһ磬ƿߣǻǰģʶӦÿܻˣʥԼаĹˣȻǹ˵ԭס񣬴󲿷ֶԪͥˣ
Ŀʱգʼһ޴ʱա


1464 
Ϲͥڵľ޴ʱգʵһǶھɽ޽֮صĴʱա
ɽ磬ҲҲ㣬Ϊɵɽ硣
ļӡͥ磬˵׾پں϶Ҷȣ𽥷ߴеʱ֮һ
˷ڹǿУȻָһɽʱսܵ㿴Ǿμɽ罻֮󣬽ͥ𱧻ӣһԭסʵǶ٣֮ͥͥ£ЩͼͥǺͨˣƿЩͥĹɣΪڶ٣ʵһ㣡
ͥ
ŻĿ⿴ȥȻһɽ̺ϢҶ˵һҲİ
ͥ
ҶȽύţõٵʵңõˮ
Ϸ޽֮صͥǡͥǿѵͥƿأʵ
һշ֮УĴҶȣʱ֮һ·ž븴ӵɫǰҵʵǰ߲УĻһж޷߹ҽȻ߲ʮУ
ͻư񡭡شǰ߲ʮУҶȻȻѡ
ɵ磬٣Ѿ޵еĴڣԽ٣ֻа׷ħ桢ͷþǰİ
񣬶ôǿĴڡ
ĵʵҶõʯʵѾٵ۷壬ߣͬȵĸ߶ȣʵѾܾˣνǰ֮£ƿؾʵˡ
һ룬̤Ǻεȵ
ǣȴȴشʮУ
δ⡭̫ǿ˹˰ɣ
ƺҶ˼Уʲôҡҡͷǿǲʵϴδ̤ͥΪλ뿪ۣͥһɵ磬ǿڣǶ룬ô޴Ľ磬ھɽ޽֮أʲô˿Ե죿񶼿²⡭ȴֵͥɣǣӵеɽ
ȷ
ŵҶȣҲɵͷû˿΢Ͼۣͥڶ꣬ꣿ
ҼķҲ֪ۣͥķǰҲֲһСʵֻҪķںϣܳΪɵ磬Ψһף
˫Ҷϣ΢΢˵֮󣬺ס·뵽ʲô𺳵һĻɽ硭ģ
ɽ̺˭޷Ϊˣߣδ˵˵ףһ硢ɽ硢磬ٴλָͨôûνף
ⷬҶȺκմմϲЦݣûһɫҽ⳰һЦ𣬵Ǳѹȥˡ£ϣֻɣ
ͥڵʮͥСͬʥеȣ㿴ͥĽ磬ộ٣Ҳ޷֣ٵľͷıͥķ޷磬ǽ룬Ҳ޷
ͥϸԪȻϹķԪֵ̣칬޷ȼҪСˣΪͥͥĽ磬ƿصĲǺֻܶ࣬һ֣ʣһ֣Ҫչͨ
Ի֮䣬Ͽս磬һأȻƯǿ֮Уɫһ顣
˵֮ɫ
ΪǣҪɵУڵһɵͥȥ
Ҷӽ磬ȷǼ쳣ҷӡȫϹˣ޷ںϽ
Ĭһ󣬱㿴ģֻҪͷϢ벿ַֽȻһʩչռͨϢںؽ磬κν磬˵̫⣬ǰ̤ħڣҲ̤ͥף
ٿ
ĹӶ˫֣֣һΧǿӿĹͷŵϢںϡ
Ȼ𽥵ؽӴؽ磡
˻
ֻһ⣬ȻɫЩԺţûκα仯Ȼûж
磬ֻе֮ˣϸĽӡ
ңʱʱ̣̿󷨸ֽӡᷢ仯
ȻȻǹͥľͷȷͥˣ֪һЩӡҲ޷ַ֪
ɷ򣡡
һӡͻأڻĽ֮С
ҶͷԪںϲ񷷨ͥǿգϵɽ֮ںϣȻ̺֮ޣսϣϢʼӳҶϡ
ɷĵķӡ֮ɫ磬ƺҪڻһ㣬ֳ͸ɫ󷨿ʼɢ
ಣ
˿׼ᣬڻУһ룡
ɲǣʮͥƯҶǰ
оͥһŴҶһͥһ̣ҶĿһͥΪ³Ϣͷš
Ǳʥ硣
ţҶͷޱ߸ӦӦ֮ںԪԹͥԴϢΪԴʼͷš
ĺȻҶһͥȷܶϢ̾ţ̫ˡﵽǰǿߣʮˣ⻹֮ͥһͥʮǿٴڣ
ĴҶȣֱӷʥ磬ִϵӡȻӦöش£ǿĴڣҲһ䣬Ȼ۷壬вͨһ۷ǿߣҪǿĶ࣬һŰ
üͷһ꣬ҶֶӣҲֻдʦʦ֡ʦܱЩͷͥ»ֹôǿߡͥȷǿ˹
𽥿ʥ磬ϢţͷŴͨĲ򵥣ҶҲ򵥡
㣬ö֮ͥзУƽء
ĿҶȣڵʵҲ࣬㻹֮ǰʱǰΪ̤ͥ»ᱻǿ߸Ӧ
š
㣬Ҷȵϣն졢ƣڵƾ֡ʱй̣ͷ֤
ˣ޸֪
ҶȱʱѾǿ̫࣬ͨɱ䣬ѾԸӦȴ޷ðӦĴڡ
ʥĽ磬Ⱦͼ򵥶ˡ
ͣʥǰβҶȶ֣һӡһڲͰС
һз츲صı仯
ӹͥ絽ͥǿա
ʥ磬ȴһƬ嫡ʵ磬ԭɳĮ岼ڴ֮С
ಡ
˸ոսʥ磬Ȼ֮⣬ͥĿտǿУٿȻɹһˡ
շеƷȻʥ磬ҶȡٴУתһѾ˹ȥһ޴Ӱ
ڲӰͷϣһԷâ۵ţǣ
ٴգۣţǾѾûκϢ
ٶȣ˲ƣ䣬ţǾ˾ͷɹͥ
ǡϤӰӣ
ϢȻʣҶüͷȻƽһˣˣھɱ֮Уġţͷ񣡣
ԣţͷ񣡡
ĵû˿ȣ֮ɫҲʧӽ֮ǿյϹͥ˵Ҫҳһǿߡ˵ۣͥشۡشۣۡһͨ󣬵ǡǶ޷κţͷ񣡡


1465 Ա
⵹ǣҶЩȻ𣿡
ۣͥ
شۣ
شۣ
ۣ
֣ϹͥΪ˵վɵ磬ǿĴڡ
ȴ޷κţͷǾ֮ŵػ߰ˣ
ţͷǴϹţΪĹˣ֮ͥǹͥʦ߰˰ˣ뿪˹ͥţͷ񣬴ž֮ţϸԪ֮ţɽ磬ǵһӵбԴһɽ磬֮Եسԣ֮ҹͥĵһطȻΪ֮ŵػߣӦҲǹͥӵǿս
Ĵž⣬ȻӾ˲Ӱʧǿգһֱ޷ƽϢ̾˵ţͷһϾ֮ţۣͥκһ𣬶Ķ֣ǹͥػߣţһϵɣͥʱһȭһײ֪ٵļʣ
󣬱Ȼл֡
ԽǿԽܼҶȵ׳־
ӵ޷ȼѩţֵɽۡǿĴڣ𽥸ϳ
ڴһ죬˴񻰣ȻһЦ
ᣡ
תҶȾͶããʥ磬һٷ
ģһɭҶȿʼΣչͥԴı
֮
ˣ
ҶٿȻۣף˻ɳɭ֣ʥգһӰ
ӰУϵԻöʵ֮󣬻Ӱֳ³գǱ־Եһͷ׷ͯյӣǰһݳ졣
˫ͫͬ£Ŀʮ£ȷһޡ嵱٣İɣ
Ѿˡ
ҶӦһž¶Цݣ³¶̤ͣ꣬ڣʵһͷű壬³Խڰɣ
³֮磬һƬռ۶ҶǰҶȣ¶һЩɫͷЦٺ٣ȻĶ֣λǡ
ţ
ոڻϣ³ƺٴУ˴һ㣬ָŻģˡˡͥһϵ䣡
õģѾ뿪ͥǵĵˣ΢΢һģϹŶڹͥ˽֪
𣿡
ҶȽͣȻΧ³ţѪ˿˫ͫ𽥿ʼָЩϰߡ
ϾĻ𣬾ǹͥľͷɵġ
ҶɫһЦͬһ㣬³ǰӵٷϾ͸ˣϴӹͥ飬󲿷ָ˵ЩھͰļƻ˵˵
ãȥ˵
³ȲҶȸżһͬأ뿪߿ա
ģ
ɽص棬ʯ֮У֮³ͽ˵ͨŬһΪʥصĶʹһӣͽʥڲȻһ֮ͥУ䣬ڹͥķ֮Уʶһ𷨶ߣᣬҶ壬ͬ죬Ⱦ֮¶ͥߵͥУһרŷӡı
ҶȲü
һԵĻģͣǳĹ¥һ㣬ǹͥ洢ؼƷҪطҲӣչء˵صأ
ʱ³ڻĵľ裬΢΢иһЩһͷǳ𾪣ַǳɣΪͥһڻʸ񣬽ӽڵĵطꡣͨͨϵظӦϢȻҸӦһ˿˿΢ϢӷķӡͷţЩ뷨Ĺ߲ͥ㣬뿪һ̣ϡУҲϢȷǷӡķԼ棡
ڹͥȷشջ񡭡һϯҶȥ
ͥ겻֪ΪԭҪ֣ͥԸ𣬾ǻָ߲еĸ߲㣬֪֮Ȼõı֮أȻҲǹͥصء

ĵͥʮ磬ߣʥģֱͥͥҲͥŵӡ߲ۼĵطش۵ĵҲУķϸģŵƷҲΪģ
ҶһƳģϢӷУõıһҪ뿪ͥͲˣ
˼ȻףĶڷκ˶˽⡣
һ˽⣬ʹ©ǣҳ㡣
˲Ϣ֪Ҷȵ⣬ΪΣκΣƺҶȵ˫ۣϤ
ػߣǿĴڣؼػ⣬˿Խ룬һĹˣֻܽ뷨ԵȡκƷȥȡؼشԲöɣҲ˵ûش۵޷뷨ɽ˵뷨ǶǲܵģȻ
Ŀһͨõش۵ϢǱ뷨ԣֻӣһǿڶ֮ǰ˵ģ
ǿ
һ³룬֣۾ֱˡ
ش۲õķ˭ǿĽȥ
󻹲࣡
ϸ˵ЩҶȵǺƽΪϣıȻ֪㡣
ƿߣش۵ĵӣ֮ˣһشۣʱʱ̶̿ŷϣмˣǱͥһһ磬սͥˣԣߣЩԣ߲Ҳ÷κ˽뷨شۣǿ޵еģţ˻ð˴գȥ򷨶⣡
㣬ġ˿ûһ˿㣬ֻҪ취õش۵취뷨Եߣ˲佫Ȼ䣬еƷߣ뿪ΪݣȻҲĿƽ磬ͻᷢ仯ش۸ӦΣɱߣһ˲գǴǧͼҲ޷뿪յķ
Ķʱ渵಻ѡ
⵹ǣǱħڣѰٱ
ãһЩƣ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷȿ˿ģֿ³룬ֻһʧһȫû붷־
Ϊǲܵ顣
³룬ܻش۵Ҷȵʵ
³ָƽ֪Ҷʲô˼ÿʲô
ĵش۴õķȵȣȻش۵ã⡭ǲܵģ
⵹ǲܡ
ҶȵͷҪãʹҪش潻֣ϣ
˲䣬³Ϳüͷ⡭Ҳش۵ݣҶûʸùķȻΪܵģй¶ͥˣΪ߲㣬ش۲ܽԼܣй¶ǣȻ󴫳֪ͥ
ҲǡҶһҲЩ޲ߡ
¾ش۵ĵӣпܣش
ߣش۵ĵӣͬش۵ǿĵӣ
磬ֶۣ̳ӣĸǳصģ


1466 Ȫ
޼ƿʩ
ҶȴٿһƳģ˸ͫУ·˵ͥϹŶȻа취
ǡǡպãļرĿ⣬ȴ޴ɶݡ
ѾҶȵ˼ֻǺôǹͥǿߣҲȥƻͥ°ɣ
취У
գִ֣겻Ҷȣأ˿˵֮ͥͥɣȻǵǱȪ
˵꣬ҶȾ¶һ˿Цݡ
³ŵصϣ⣺ȪǹͥʥأǼ롢ϴ֮أֻȥһΣǽգ޷
Ȫʲôбǽֹ֮أĴڣΪйˣȻۼһͷ֮Թͥϵ棬̺ʽȪʹȪ֮У۶¹ȪߣȻĶ֣
˲ϢͲƶ㣬ϡﻩȫ
Ǹõط
׻˵ͷȻֱҶշĵôڣҶҪͥ򽻵Ҳ֪֪ˡ
Ҷɫ޶ٱ仯ݵĿ⣬ѾĿ³ϣһʼж³룬Ժ޷ڹͥȥ
³ѾڹͥٲռκõĶҵĳܽӴͥڲȡ屦Ҳûһˣ
Ȼˣ׼Ȼ뿪ʥ磬뿪ͥңһɹõ屦ͥһʱս磬йص
ҶȽһ³ͷ֮תɳʥ硣
³̷ʥ롣
뿪ʥ磬ͥգؽУʮϷ룬ǿԴ磬ͥ
Уءǿһ
˵ʥ磬һ磬½Ļ
ôأһɽ
һ޴ޱߡ޽֮еĹϾɽ
ңһȻǿȴ˸ֲ˼ǿԵ
ҶǿӦ£غܵչֳһ类ֱΰء
㿴һУ𺳵һĻҲòҶȾΰءһ޴ɽ
ϹţɽʹˣǰϹɽУɽһʥʥأʥأ̺ˣǶΪǿģŹϵĴУȻįǹͥǴɽǰǰأһܾͨ޴󣬺޹ֻһشۣ꣬Ŵɣ΢΢
ҶһƳɽŶԶŵĺ棬֪ʥأǺεȵķ׿Խ
ֻǡţ
ɽƯţı߼ʣҲɽ壬ɽ֮УĹ¥Сͳǳأɽһ֮ϣǱţ޷ɽ֮ۡ
΢΢֮ͣ˾뿪ؽ磬ͥǿУͥ룬һС
磬Ȼ֣޷죬磬ʥϢǱʥٺܶࡣ
аӣ˾֮ͣУΪ·һɽɽûɽ壬ֻһƬڹðˮݵȪ
Ȫ
˷޽๬һЩٹˣʱȪѲһ
Ȫ֮УӵеȪʱϹŶǵĴڣʱδش۵Ӱ񣡡
Ĵž⣬ȪעĿ죬ſҶȣſƯһӡ
һʮµӣӰӣҲ͸ɣ
ǣ˫üǳɫ
ջأӳ˲ȥָ·ֻҪǱȪУҵشµȡһֱ㹻ˣǧȫߣȪһʧȥش۵Щػ߸ӦǱʱǧҪȪһϵ󷨿ռ䣬󷨣ϴ֮ãʣ±
ʶͥ
Ҷסش۵ģ˲Ϣ߶ԪںͥıԴҶȱһˣƿռ䣬󷽷ɹػߵ˫ۣԽԽ޴Ȫ
Ȫ·ǷˮðŹݣиɫΧƣʹȪ֮Уڷ
ϿҲͷŸӦҶȷȪΧգһɹϵ־ţ־һˣǼ塢˵־ɣʮּ̣ޣȴ·ͥڡ
еӽȪϴȻ־̺ͨ뷨
Ҷ֮У·һƬɫȪˮðˮݣЩȪˮԴĴ֪꣬Ŵﵽֵز
ͨȪˮͿɼһɫĽ磬ȻŸȪˮһȪˮУҶȻһ٣ǴˣڹͨȪ֮У̺־ȪˮҲڡ
ҶСһȪˮȻʼںȪˮرΪȪˮ΢΢ӿ
Ȫˮ֮ҶȲδκųſʼոȪˮֱȫȪˮͬԾȪ֮С
ûȪˮһ̣ƺʧˣֻʣ¹˫ֻܼͫɫһƬ·󷨣һһӦΪͬʲͬϴţ벻֮ͬС
ҶǸڽϴȫĹͨ־꣬üȻһ㣬̺ǿʢƯȪˮ֮Уеڳɳеʢ
õУڹͥΪţһϴЩ˵еظ췭ı仯
ƯȪˮУֹҶȫߣϧһ󷨣ûκϴһ֣ƽ밲˲ϢͻᱻȪ߷֡
Ҷ𽥽УӦ½Ȫĵײ
ȻһԲε򣬲ȪˮԨˮ֮С
֮УƯĹӰЩͥԪ֮ǿߣΪǣǵ𽥳Ϊǵģ
룬ʮǿӰһͷҶȣǱţͷ
ҶҲò
ţ棡
֣ѿ֮ʱû̬Ϊӵ⸱òԵڲͬ
ƯûҲûжôҶȿݡ
ҶֵֹּĴڣĿϡ
ˣӣһŮӣ
Уһӵų˫üشۣģû˫˫üע
һӣ
ش࣬ʮͷ΢΢곤ЩɣӣĺۼˣҲݡɽӡ
ش۶ϵĻ£ûжôװΣʮƽͨҶ֮ǰй˽⣬һţشվһˡ
ۣ
شۣۡվ۷ˣҶ˽ǣȻֻӰҲҶһϢĸоشۿȥʮָ۶Щɣ˫żƴҵķ˿
ڵˣ
һŮӣ
Ȼ˵
֮һشۣ


1467 ͥ۵
أĵĳ
ǰء۲Ůӣӵž²ʧϵգĪԼʮֶ꣬࣬Ҳ͸Ȼƣƽƽͨںϣﵽµĵز
߲ɴһɹ߲⣬üʮָ֮䲻ϵƣΧҲ߲ɫ
߲֮Ҷ˵ȻİҲϤһս󣬱ʩչһ߲
شۣеͨ
ءۣͻأͳҶǰȥǾһͨˣǣȴǵɽ磬վ۷壬칬ΨһԶԿĴڡ
ۡһ棬õشһ˵硭ͬʱõ۵һƿǵչͨںϣ۽֣ұռо޴ƣ
䣬һͷϮҶȵԺ
Ǳǣͬʱͥ۵
ͷҶȼѣһɹͿԴ߶ͥ۵αװôͨǵУҳǵ֮ͨ
ֱҶ˵һʧȥ
˫ͫһݣһɨ򣬲źסɲ򵥰һ޴Ľ磬ؼȪΧػڣһһ˿һȻᾪǣݾߣԱƻҲ޼ƿʩ
룬Ҷ
żҲżûо԰գǲ״
ԪҶȵһʩչͨͨϹŵڣ޵˵Ӱ񣬿ʼʵҶȴ߶ӡ޵Ӱ񣬾Ϳʼת
Ȼ֮ͨϵͷţϹ֮ΧԴȪˮҶڵĿռ䣬Ҷֿɡںκε޿ռ䲻ϵӡ
Դ
ȥҶ޿ռֿ֮ʼͷɽıԴıԴԴ
ǻõɽ֮ĴУӵмԦɽ籾ԴȴҲȲϾԴ
Դӿ˲޿ռںϣϵͥųԴȻ޿ռԴں֮󣬲һȪռ䣬ȫγͬԴĿռ䡣
ںϹּ̣ȥ
񷷨򣡡
ռγɣҶ̴߶ɷ޾ԴռΪģʼ߶𽥵أʼӴ
һ̣Ҷȶͷʼһ㺹顣
һʧܣֻϴ߶ǧͼߡ
˻
Ӵ򣬾Ȼûκεų⣬Ӵʱ໥ؿʼںϣȻںϣΧȪˮƵġ
̫ˣԴɽ籾ԴͥҲɽ֮е֮Ԧռ䣬κų⣡
Ԥ֮⣬ҲԤ֮С
Ҷȿû˷ܹȣ޾Դռ䣬ںϣžǴ߶ɷҶȼӿٶȣںϡ
Ȼռ䣬Ӵںϵĵطһɿռͨ
Ҷһƿռ䣬򱣳ںϣСͨռ䡣
֮ҶȲδоʲôӴֻһɹǿµĽӡһɿµ־ãǶµģӡߣû˿ĸӦ
ҶȽһ̣ϻᱻ־֣оԴҲУ̫
ﵽ٣ôκ־Ҳ޷
ҶȿʼշУһ־ȻЩĹǿߣͥһ㣬ֳ壬ܵпܣУǵ̬
̡ߵγɣһͬ
𽥵أҶڷɹ룬ǰǸߴʮɵͥӰֱۣҶȴ𺳣Ȼݡ
һۣǵ
СΪϣҶȲżû˻뵽˻ǱȪΪûˣԽȥȪ֮С
ҶԺʼתȣشɷ򣬶մκķʽֻߣȴܴյУݻĵߣ
һ˼Ҷȹѡ񣬴߶ںϣִͨں£ôȫƿش۵
ȻҶȵüһ꣺˵ͥӴ۽֡ȡ۵Ժ󱻷֣пܣۣӦߵϢ˵ΪǴΪ߰ĪӣΡ汻۷ִϢΣжϣȻ۲֪ϣеڶ˻ӵдֻд
һЦݣüңҶȭͷһ߬ǵҪԼڹʱ飬ҶȾЦˡ
Īξ֣֮ȻˣְѺڹǿȥ˵˷蹷
ᡭ
ȻһҶȻѪӿϿʼӡڴߵͨʼ߶Դߵ߶һ⣬ںϹͥγɵĹ⣬̺ߵʼ𽥵ӿشۡ
ˡ
Ӵشʱˣ΢΢һȻ󲢲ųҶȵƳ˿룬ȥǰ㣬ءһȡش۵
ţֻȡһߴʱ
ɣ
Ҷȿɲ̰ոش۵һƿͨԣ㹻ˣˣȻãڣܵõͲˡ
⣬ʼش۵֮ϣ䣬һɹϵҶġ
ۣ
ֶͬ뷽ʽ̶һģ⣬ӴۣҲֻ΢΢һΪǵǸģûкдǵ־ֻҪҶȲƻ幹죬ڵƽ⣬ͲκεĴ
ವһҲ˳شϣȡһֵ
ҶԵشۡ
һŮӣһǿصŮӣֶۣͬԽӵĴڡ
ʲôӶգҶڿɲɵͷŹ⣬ش໥ϣŰӣһֵ
ش۵ģҶںһ̡
ңڴ߶ߵ״̬¡
ȻҶȸоǿϢԼĵڣγɣģĹӰһһ𿪣˵ֻڴͨں𽥵أڵУͥ۵΢״̬
Ȼͥ۵жɣաӦȻֳ˵
ҶƽϢϢվ𣬴ʱʼעı仯
ͥ۵𽥵رںϣ߶̬𽥵رɰƴС塣
ʮֵģȴڲϵ
ֻ̣ǰʱ
ҶֱӴ߶֮ͨͥڣҶȵĵֳشۡش۵̬
ȻЩģǱһӰˣٶԼҶһͻƵ٣ô۵ģø¡
̫ˣ˭Ҳ벻һССڣȻƿͥ۵ͥҪСˣ֪磬֪Ϣ᲻ܸ˵Ҽ򣿡
Ǽڣ˻̫磬ҶתͨȥҪϿ뿪Σ֮ء


1468 ط
ಡ
ʱС֮󣬾־Ҷڼܷͨ
ת߿ǹɣ޴־ϧҡҡͷǴԺܼԦ֮ʱͷų־ô԰κͨʮֹĵز
ЩΣô޴װҪʧ
󣬶޷ƿأ꣬Ҷȴɽ½̫λʱշӡһһֱӡڣڵȴһ죬ܴ߶֮ʱǾ޴
롣ҶȾͷͷֱ̤ͨ

գۣͻص޾Դռ䣬Ȼܷںϣռͨʼ룬ճɹʧҶҲѿռ֮ڣ̧ͷϷ󷨣Ȫˮظȥ
Ȫ⣡
ͣ
һѪգϱһֻȫӡһʬ壬Ȼһ֮УεصҪҡ˭㾹ȻܳػߣӦȪ˿˿Ĳͬ
ʬ壬ԭһǿػߡ
ϧȴĨɱһ֣ػ߾ͻȪȻ󡭡
һƺעġһģδһ죬ᱻشۡҵĸһ㣬ϧܣڽʹߵݵȵȣش۶δἰҵУĸףĵУȻֻһӰˣ
˫ͫΡΡһ󰵵޹⡣
ĺܺá
ҶȲ֪ʲôʱ뿪Ȫƺ֤֮ǰһٶǰͥҶԹͥûкøУҲÿˣЩƿعͥ伫ı֮ˣġ
˵ɣأòôһƬҵؿҶһۡ
ҶĿһϽˮڶģϣɽ磬ԪһĹͥһάɵͬһڵһŻָϹŹͥƻɵƽĹͥ
ҵϣûǸ
УֻҪȥһģҲգɳΪͥǰĴڣţͷǣԽԽãᣬڼ֮䣬ǹˣڹͥΪȨΣùͥղᱻͥȥ磬ģͳһɽ磿̫Ŀ˰ɣ
Ҳ˵뿪ɱػߣֻһʱ䣬ʱ䣬뷨Աɹֻ뿪
ɫ΢΢ɶҶǷԣһ봥
ʱҴҶҲ̸Щ߶ͨڻĽӡͥĽ硣
ʥ磡
һƬ嫵ɽ綼ɽ壬ɽ֮䣬һЩǳأշɶ
³룬пǹУ
գһ׷꣬ɹգһȺˣ˼䣬׷һٶȷǳء
ֱ뿪֮󣬲ż뿪
֮³ͳԶһƬԭҰϣӰƺһ󣬴Ӹ߿ֳҶġ
³룬뿪ͥҶȼ³룬˵
³ͷãֱӻʥɽ磬ôأǺɵĵӣҪһͬ뿪𣿡
£ԼҪ뿪֪ͨң㶯ɣҶ³ȥһѵĿ⡣
³񷣬ͥ
ʣˣҶҲ񷣬뿪ʥɽ磬Ȼͥٴηȥ
ǿУҶȺȻʵɣӦ÷ǳ˽ɣλѣȻ֮պñɴߣΪĵӣ
ӦȻʶҲͳĹˣʵҲ࣬ҲһϹŶ˵мɷǣٲκͥڲǸˣԸ£УвˣΪǶãͥĿ꣬Щĵ
ͦĵģһͳɽ磿ҶȴݵЦЦһͳɽ磿Զʱڣδйһͳɽ磬ֻһɽ֮
ļԪ˭ǣ
ʱϤָͥǰȻǻĴ߶ӡҶϣ˳С
ɽ
һΣǴ֮ͥ⣬Ӧɽֱӡ
޴ˣޱȣӵ֮ƣͻأڹʱУˣƵշȥɽƵɽ壬£治ǹһߵ
Ϲŵڣɽ磬
ƽڳˣ˾ռߣطɽ۷֮ڣҲͥ룬и֣̾УڿʼǵøСģһһӦҲֻߵˣ
Ҫʩչǧͼʱͼ֮Уҽӽط뵽취˵
ϣҶȶŻһģһǳ⣬Ͱѻǧͼ߶ԪԴϣϢɽ
ϷɽҶȾ͸ܵǿϢҲˣУǷɹա
߿ƺɳһ̣ҶȾͼɽͻأشƺ֮ϣһʥ
ʵ̾ΪֹȻһʥأ
ҶȺܿɽɽҲʮ־޴ģɫΡĹС
ǼҶȾ֮һ£֮Уֻһߣ·һƬ㳡ˣͬʯһڤ˼Ѱͻơ
ÿˣǱԴɣûһɵˡ
ǽأҲʥأȻֻԭס񣬲ſԵ
Χһ޴İԸ࣬ͯӣڰԸ֮УԱһյ͵΢΢ȼš
ȻһĲϢ
䣬ΧϢҶȵڣУȷǸܵһЩϢ
һ΢ҶȵԺȻ𣺡ҪСģͯӣյԵƣͯӣش۵ĻͯӣӣҲﵽٽ۷ĵزȻյԵƣ뷨ϢںΪһ壬һ߶磬ƻͻζϨյԵһһǿԶɽ
Եƣػͯӣ
Һô˻ģʲôʣԽ
ֳ֣Ҫο߽뷨ԵϢҲ޷뷨Ľ磬ޱȼ̵ģ
ϰ취ҪƷһˣȻαװ뷨֮УֶΣ˲֪ٴΣ
Ȼ㻹Ҫס𻤷ͯӣֻǿ֮Ĵڣ滹һߣҪ̼佫Ʒֻʱ䣬ȡȻҪ˲䣬ʧڹͥ
á
Ҷһ޷ɵѣ赲ǰ
һƳػͯӣյԵƣǱڷ֮УɣǴǧͼ޷͸Ϊǽɣش۵ɣԽ˴ǧͼĸ߶ȡ
ָ·ڶӣȻҷһǴŹĵطʱʱĵӣС
֮Щӣ䱦ȻǼص㳡һˣȥõ𻤷ͯɣ߶Եƣ뷨֮С
ҸϿԽ뷨ĵӡƷ֮ȡ㹻ˣ
Ҷ̿գ˼˺һ󣬶δðȻжƿһ֮ϴ߶Ԫ߶һ


1469 ɹԱ
һשһߣǱʯʯǶں϶ɣԳⱦһۿȥһʥ
һ¥Ҷڣصӣ޷Ӧڴ߶Ԫ״̬£빬Ҷȡ
ԭҲػߣһһ𣬶ٴڣʵȴֻжΡ
Ҷ˿Ӧػ֮󣬱𷨶ǰ𻤷ͯӣʵ̫̫࣬ڹУʮӣھĿŹż򣬶ͷ֮Уȫ벻һˣ߶
ȻֹҶǱ󣬻һ㹬ػߣһˣһ飬һɷǣһ࣬ûеӣԸӦĴڡ
һɽһɽߡ
Ҳ޷ӦҶȵĴڡ
統ڵڣҶȡն졢ˣҲ޷ӦͷһԣһĻȫһ
Ҷȿʼ߹һߣЩӶڣûһӣԽ뷨ģֻڶ㡣
յڶ㣬һƺͷ¥ݽǣƺ˯ƵģһŴͨƺ˯ʵŵġ
ˣҲ޷ӦҶȵĴڡ
ڡڿԽ뷨Ѱݵķ䴦ͻȻһ˵
Ҷһ̷ɹͷԱߣҲʮӣЩĽû˵ʲôͷ
䴦һ꣬ҶͲ࣬еģģмɷǣһżʱʱط
ֲ˸ˣԭ򡭡ҶһƳڵĴڣʵǿԣҶ΢΢ףˣ
һֵ̣ϲ֮УͻȻһŴָ֣ſվԶ֮ϣκηҲûУһ⣬ӿԺţӰһ飬ʧһһģһ꣬סҪµĹżȻſ
뿪ڶ㡣
ҶûɵĴڣ꣬Ҷֻǰ֮Уδնɱնɱ˵ʲôݣߣҶҲмɱôһ޹ؽҪߡ
뿪ûػ߷ҶȵĲ֮ͬ
Ҷȷ߿գ𽥿ȫֶǰĴͨߣû˿Կݡ
ֹ
Ҷǰ𻤷ͯӣۣȶʵǿ󣬼ﵽ۷塣
ͯӣһ£Ҷȣ˫ͫͷһϹâȻɨҶţ죬ʮ֮ڣʵͨ˿飬Խ뷨ʥУػϿɣΪѰӦķ
ȥɣ
һͯӣȻ˫ֺʮҵİԵƣƻ΢΢һڣʯĹţͻȻͻû͸硣
лͯӣ
Ҷȱȭ֮󣬴Ƽа㣬뷨֮С
磬ҶȷԼվ˹̨֮ϣ滹ʮ̨ףÿһ̨ףѹȻҶǡ족ֻڵΪ̨ףͷŶԡ족Ŀ飬ҶҲʮֵļѡ
һȺ֮󣬽һСʱҶݣǰһԲΰţΧ˵һ𣬹Ŵ򿪣һˣ߳
ǿ˵ʵȻﵽ۷塭Ҷȼһ̣͸о˾޴Ѷȡ
ҪƷͬʱͷųش۵뷨֮УȻҪһҪ뿪
ʱԺĵĶ֮Ϊشɣֻػ߿ԽȥΪϣӵش۵ֻش۵ĵӣǳش۵ſԽ뷨֮Уشķ࣡

һҶ˿˽һУȻҲңûлģ治֪ЩܣãȻ̤뷨ֻбѹˡ
һ̣һ׼á
죬Ϊˣ㻹ҪΪΪʵ̫ˣҲкܴռ䣬ȷһӦķߣ֮һﵽ˵ȱĴɵıڴԵȣϷΪȥѰã
һɨҶȣ·Ϳ͸ҶȵΪ
ʵǶҶɣȻֻܿ档
һҪأӣ¶ţǰˣ᲻ǹ˵ˣ˸Ҵ
ǰЩɻ֮ǰ̫ףǰָһҶȺȻҪת֮ʣʩ
ֹסϹأָһû⣡
лǰ
ҶһЦٿȻһŹ⻪΢΢ĿȻǰͨɣУЩ޷ںϵĵط
ֱۻӶâȥ
һ̣
ಣ
ʮֹģߴ߶⻪Ҷֳ˫˲ϢƺòʱѸԴࡣ
ˣ
ߣľһ㡣
ҶȴһУһɹţǰȻһռ䣬ƯŸֱϤһϢڱ·Ķռ䣬ټͷϢı
һȥ飬ǹϵ
ҶȣȴȫߣֻƬʱ䡣
գ
Ҷʩչ˲Ϣһ巨ڿռ䣬ԼΧռ䣬һбڡ
ߣֻʣһʱѣ뿪ϴ߶ǧͼĲغȵ
ಣ
Ҷԭһɳ񶴣Ȼ̨ףŽ磬ͬǣĺȻ֮䣬ǿسŽ硣
¡
֮⣬ڴڵŽ磬Ȼڲ̨Ǽ̵ţҲ쳣̣Ҷȫײ£Ȼ飬Ҷˣ𻤷ͯӣ𾪵ĿעӦ£Ž磬ɳ߿ա
Ϯ
𻤷̸ͯҶȣһ޷ٷ

ۿ𻤷ӣҪ׷Ҷȣͱһǳ֮ˣǿͯǰʧ
Ūͯӣƿԣ㿴һۣҵһۣ
ڴʱ
ͥͥʱУʱգ֮
˴صķ֮С
øֶΣһֱδңط֡Ǻη
һһŮڹͥʱУ΢΢ص
·𲻴ڡ
磬ѾͥĽˣСǧϾܳȥ
˵ǿУҶȱǳ֮뿪ͥ˲Ϣ͵˹ͥټ̵Ľ硣
ಣ
޴Ľ磬ǳ֮Ӵ£ҶȴӣԽ
ȥҹͥȻȥ磡
ҶȻаӣδȫ뿪֮ʱһӵׯϡµӽ֮ڵ
ۣãˣȫ߶Ҫȥ
ͻȻҶȵߣҶͬڴǧͼ֮¡
ţ
Ҷȸо󱳣ڷ˫۾ں涢
㣬һ̣ᱻ֮ȥȼձ
תͥ
ͻͻͻ
ʯ䣬ƴǧͼˣҪ״ȥǽͻȻ仯ޱȣǧͼȻǿ赲
Ҷ̴߶ȫ
ͣ
һɾ
ֻһȼ棬Ŵǧͼ̵Ľ硣
䣡
ͣ
͵𶯣ϴǧͼܵӰ죬·𱻽סȻҶģͬʱܵӰ졣
һѪ
ͷȫϴǧͼĿռ£ӽУٿȻȥ
ף˹ͥ磬صɵС


1470 شǿվ
СӡԭǴǧͼ
ͻȻ˵Ҷȡģͬʱһ̣һϵΧ
ǡشۣӣ
һ˼Ƥ񣬱˵ȼԴĴۣˡ
ҶȣҲòȥҺѾյӡ֮ȵ̰ѻ䣬Ȼ߶ǧͼѡһ꣬ȥ
˲Ϣͽ䡢ݼŵգǿ֮Уɴǧͼ֮ȻԶ˹ͥڵʱա
ճٶȣϢĴû˿׷١
ǣҶȴо˫۾һֱûʧ
Ȼش۵ٴ
ǧͼٴμ֤ϧСʵ̫ˣۿβӰ޷
ǡͨ󣡡
ĺȻͷڼٵ˵УȫӰǣܸоشۣں󷽡
ǧͼٶȣ˲ƣ޷ȡ
ֻǣҶʵֻ̫ܴ߶ǧͼﵽӦٶȡ
͡
һɳɫ˫üӺ޾վͷɡ
˫üסһӣҶȵС
ǡ֮Уֳشһģһӣʵشۡ
ˣ˵ĴߣˣҲй顭ΪǱ뱾۷ȡңĿģĿԣô㲻ãΪƫƫķ
ش۵ǧͼУ
ͷǾͷһ۱㿴鱾ʡĹϵѾ޷ӹش۵侲ͷԣ
Ҷȿɲش۾̫ˣǵһ׷ǧͼٶȵĴڣСǧͨٶȣܷߣ
ǿԣҪþԴҲҪľԴǴۣΪǿҪСǧ˵
û⣬˷һҲʲô
ڻܴ߶Դش۸̫׷ңҲ޷ǵһ󣬵ٶȥٴ߶ԴгԶ괩Ǳ᳹װΪֻܸǺ׷٣ȴ޷׷ҵ귽򣡡
Ǻãھش㵽֮غ󣬾͹⴩һЩ꣬ҿشֶܼãȴûУ
ҶЦЦҲоôˣش۵ȷҲ޵ģٶȴգ񣬿¶Բ
ٿ
ǰͻȻһǧͼҶȣɽ֮УһƬɽϿա
ɽ磬Ǵǧͼڡ
ӹͥɽ꣬ǰպ
ߣӵ꣡
ɽλãȻɽģռӣո֣Ҷһͼش۸ǶԳ˫üںڰУ
ȣô˦Ҳ޷˦
磬һ꣬ȥ򡯣ɽԵʱգκʶûУȱ㣬ǰҲ޷Ӧ磡Сǧ˵ﵽ򣬲
ȥ򣡡ҶӦʡ
ಣ
Ҷٴƾʧɽ߿գʧ

뿪һۼشۣ˸ųͫ⣬ңԶգͻأҶʧĸ߿գԶգǧͼκɽᣬһˣһֱûлᣬǧͼ֡챾۷Ҫǧͼһץסӣ
ش߿һһƿնȥ
ˣ
ǺڰŵգʯҶȱǧͼͷһٵ˵ľͷֳһ˫˫ü
˫üҲмٴ󣬶շУ˲ƣٶȱ˲ƻҪˡ
ش̫ˣɽۣǰҲ߲һСٶȣδţ仹֪ķǱ𡭡Ϊǰ񣬿վڰ۷壬˵ӵ
һգʧ
Ҷüͷһ˫˫üûǰ٣Ҳû˰֣һֱڴǧͼ󷽡
ҧŲţ
磬ˣ
ȥȻ뿪ɽ磬ңԶıԵɽ磬ǧͼĹâһЩ
ǰɽĽ磬ǧͼһ£ɽ֮С
ⷽ򡭡۶δ
ش۽Ҳһ硣
գ˹ɽ磬ϧɽ磬ûκεϢԴ٣ٵĿҴضǷ棬û˿ֲȥһĹ԰
ýƻˣۻ˰Ԫ֮ãδʶˣԱȼħ鹫ӣ
ĥҵңˣ֪۵𣿿ϧ̫Сǰ㣬޷κ㣡
شڷԿգãã˫üµ˫ͫӿһĢưƣԭһʧȥ
򣬴һƬ棡
ǹ֮⣬Զƿǻ
ţٶȡûУ¶١ǵ͹ش۵ֶΣ
ҶȻͷӺ󷽣ȻûмشӰǣɿ˫ңԶĳ˫üͬɭɭ
磬ܾ޴󣬻мܷɳҲܵһӰ죬зǳ֮꣬ΣջСǧҶȵĶ΢΢
롭
Ҷӿʼ侲ϵתӦ취֮ͥУȻһ·ջ񣺡ڹͥȪݺһƣұ֣»ܵӰ죬ݺǳɹġϴοݺ𡭡ôһΣΪβƣشһȦȦأ
磬뵽ʲôð취ˣСǧ̲סʵ
ˣ
취ڲϵ֣ҶƺҪץסؼȻ¶Цܰشۣ칬ǽΣ
ƱػսһĵӴǧͼ𾪱
ĵȻҶ̲סЦЦǵȻͥ칬˭˶ԷϧûаѶԷ׻ľ԰գһشۣ칬ǰѻˮ칬ҧҲţ
ǹӶ࡭
ġ޻˵
У
ͻأһʵģɫ䣺칬ǿ󣬿ɲǿЦģ̤칬Ҳ޷鿪һشۣ׷ңұ¶칬֮£칬ǿ̶ȣ˿ڹͥ˻ˮ칬ͷãҸԩͷ
ԩͷɲң
ɵ磬мܱȼش۵ģ
ǬþͷԡǣҶֲ֪Щڵλã֪ԥش۵һǬ
ǣ
ɽ绹ʲôԿشۣ
ҶȲϵѰң˼ҳôһͷ
ƺһͷЩ޼ƿʩ
硭ѵˣϣһǿױȣɴۣҲ֣аˣ
ͻȻҶ߲Լ˼άռʱСǧʱɰĺߵ
Īǡ
Ҷ뱧Сǧͷϣ͵ϼڣνԹ壬ԣôǣһԩͷɽǿߣǻʱУ޵еĴڡ


1471 꼰

ʥ磬ǿףԵ޵С
һ𣬿شۿ
ңҶһֱûǣʥ磬˵ʬ壬Ѱһ˵ҲǸ
ˣ뷨᲻֪öӿռ䣬ĥ۵ϧ۵ͥΪԴôĵģ㣬һգôǧͼҲȲ㣬㶨û뵽ֺ󱲣ܷŹģ
ۿ͵ͷش۶ǿյһδӳ˫ü
Сǧ˵磬Ǿȥʥ𣿡
شֵǿʢʱ򣬲һʥ磬ֻͻȵðÿúʰȥһЩ꣬Ҫ߱ɽʱˣ
˼һᣬҶȾ˰취
ǧͼ˲Ϣͷһν֮УȻۼ䣬Ѿǿա
ͣ
ǧͼɳգǰһƬݺɽ磬궼ףһһﶼԣײϵغأǴǧͼ룬ҲòܿȺס
ȻǧͼܵӰ죬ش۵ٶȣƺҲܵӰ죬ǰҲֲض֮
ǧͼ࣬գԦռ䣬ףǿԴ׷϶֮У
֮󣬴ǧͼ뿪Ƭʱգֽա
ҶȿƴǧͼڵΪȻ뵱ɵ۷ǿߣں̺ɽǿգϵش
ֳ棬ټҲȫԽٵĴڣһˣȻΪڽ֡
ǧͼھɽָӵʱգҶȶδ꣬ȥˣϧ羰ֻܲ
׷һҶȺȻ¶ЦݣԸоش۵ٶȣһȻôǧͼٶҲһЩЩƣ̬Ȼ𽥵أʱտ
ʥ磬νУһò׵õǧͼΡҵûкùӳԣ
Ҷȼ귽򣬲ϷϤĻʱգмһѪʥ磬ǿĿ񣬸Уʹɴ۵С
Ҷ񣬿ƾŸԿʱյĳôԿ϶ǰ񣬾ٴڣ٣ʥ磬޵еĴڡ
磬͵ʱա
Сǧ
ãֱӽʱգǰΪ̫ͣ޷ʱգҴž޴ʵܿһܣѰҾתͿԽУ
ǰգҶȺԽԽޡ
֮£Ȼ춯أ

һȻдǰĻȻϯһƬɽʱ֮УǧͼҶȣֱӽʱ֮С
һӵʱգ
ش۽ٶڴǧͼԥɽ֮С
һƬŸȻգޱߵѹȶ
ȥɽôδ֪֮ءش۷ɹ籩УһƬʱշȥ
ಡ
ʱҶѾϤĻҹϷǿߣȵȡ
СҶȣߴߣϵ棬һһڽ¡
ɶɣҶ˻ʱǰȻͷŸӦ㸴ӵǰ޷ӦһУ˲Ϣǰ
ǧͼһδ߶Ҷʱ֮Уס˺ѡ˺ݺա
ԭʱգʥصȻʱհˣͷǿͨʥ磬ʱգγһȻϣ֪شۣ᲻ӦеĴڣȽ
Ҷǧͼڿʼʱòϴǧͼ˴߶ǿ˲ϢһܼȻУһʱһ޵Ľ硣
ҪҿռУ
ҹϿգ۴۴һ̤룬һƳǰʱգҡҡͷ̫ˣھɽ磬κȻԱû˿ôκȻ۶Ի⣡
˵꣬˲ƿգ
ʱ֮УҶǰһߣž͸ٶȿľˣʱգĴˣײ֪ҿռڣһƬĶ磬룬һȻϣǽ棬治ҵһˣ
شһ㵱̤ƿռ䣬Ļ׷𿪣ߴߣҪá־ЩȻ
Ȼ󡭡һ֮ش˴ڸܼȻ룬һŵĶ磬Ȼš
һʱգӦʲôϢǱȻĥˣʱΧȴһɼ̵Ľ硭ͨİ񣬺ã۶ûг֣ϴδ߽ҹͥҲδ֣ʱеİ񣬵£ĺö󣬶Ը칬Ҫǿߣ
شʩչ˲ƣ·һж߳ɴ磬ٿȻʥǰκȻס籩˺Ȼڰ֮⣬ȻɣǡʱȻԽ࣬ԽȻ
ǿߣ

شһƣڽ֮ϣ˾Ȼ󷽷شѷУҡڽ롣
ٺ٣ˣˡشۡ
ʥգǹϵĳǳأϿգҶذ˫ĿԶ磬ѾӦش۽ʥ磬ҡϢǰƽ磬ö֮ء
ಡ
һʯǧˣ
ʥػߣӦ˽ֱ仯ڡڡٵǿߣ˽硣
ǰ͸ʥʵôڡڣʥ綼ֻгΪūķݣԭôĶپͷֲأҶһڸ֣һ󷽳ǳأᡣ
ʥ紦⴦Ƨ֮أҶϴδ֮Ǿͼǿ˷γ״ϾͷӦ
ҶȲδϾߣ뿪طܣ˾޴ʥ磬ƿصͭǽڡ
Ϸ
ϷȻˣ
ش۸˫֣ǿߣΧסЦǣЩʥǿߣף߰ϰˣκν֮ˣΪǵūΪʹԣΪشۣҲձڽ¡
ϧ벻ˣɵľԴڣɴۣ¡
˭̤ʥ磿
һٵߣʥǿߣƺҲشһû˲֡
ʲôˣûʸ֪
شһЦһɨΧˣȻ֮ǰˣʵɣҪڱǰκεķΪһжͽ͵ģҪˣǵ磬𣡡
ÿĿ
ˣһ㷢ŭˡ
ߣʣˣѵ֮ǰˣʥ磿
£߿һݵļƶûУΪһ˴ڡȻˡ
ˡɣϢȻƬ磬۴ɽ磬׷׷ǿգ޴ӣȻȻγһ磬ǡڱ˵ûжô
ô£˿ѵûиӦĴڣǸӦĿˣ
ش۵ҶȾ;ֵĺܣ˵ش۲֪ǰ˵Ŀ


1472 شս
ͽʥݲ£
߲Ȼһŭش۾Ȼʥ磬Ǽӱһ
ಡ
ʮˣǶ٣ǿߣûгֵĻᡣ
ǣ
شͻȻʮˣָһ
¡
ʮ˷ĿռУͻȻһɴըˣƬ̰ˣʮˣֻм˽һˣΪ
Ҫ֪ǿǶٰ
شһգΧѾŵãսǿߣشۺŲãЦݣССʩԳͽˣ֪Ȥˣ򡭡۵ķâһͷŭｫΪһƬ棡
ʥ磬ֵĺܡ
Ȼһӳǳʥɽۣ֮ݶ
Ŷ
ش˲Ϣɫ䣬ƺûпﻹһ޷ӦĴڣĽŲȻͣ£Զʥɽ
ٺ٣¾ˡ
еҶȣЦ˫ۡ
ٿ
һӰʮӰǴɽ˸
Ӱ¶գһʮµӣһ£ȥ棬ϢӢӣ͸׵ɣһͷڷ΢΢ؽһʿ
󷽸ʮˣǿߣ
ǿССʥ磬ʮˣһʵȻǰ㡭̫̬˰ɣ
ҶԤϹʥǿе̣һ£ͳʮһǿپͷǡȹ֮ͥһľͷ
Ҳ̫ˣ
شǿ޵еƣ棬΢΢һ㡭Ȼñۿ͸Ϊںϣװɣ
ǿʥΰĴڣ㣬ǿߣȻֻǷΪȻﵽ˰ıҲվ۷İһȥ磬ϦˣָɳΪ󣡡
񻺻ͣش۵ն
ʲôش۵ķҲﵽ˰ΪֲáΪıû뵽ķǰΪֲɽգϵ׷𣡣
֮ˣҪҶȡ
һж룬оһ£ûдǧͼش۵ϣһ޵еǿߣףΪλ˼ɵۣͥΪιͥɽ磬Ϊˡ
ǰ񣬱ȻҲǰһ֣޵У
ͬΪףشһɾ⣺Ϊұ࣬Ѿﵽɵ۷壬ң˭Ҳ԰˭նɱʤ֮ҲԷֳɵ磬֮һͥشۣϣ㲻ҪΪУ
ͥŹڸ£Ҳţû뵽ʥ磬ӭķ
¶ݵЦݣΪУشۣ㴳ʥ磬ǿ˺磬ʥƽ⣬ңĹͥһԸ⣬ϢɸꣿݵطŹң
ҽùˣشεһ̾
£
һȣˣʼ룬뿪ʮ֮Զһ磬ٿȻѿشڵգӡ
شݺɽԪмˣû뵽죬һǿߣ
شƣһЦ㿪ʼͷųΧǹϵ
ıҲҵĶ֣ȥĹͥҲĶһشۣҽ֮һ֮ǻʥȥֻ㣬شۣͥףȻҪѹ
ͻȻһתԼţһ£ţİƣҲʼɢ
ƽӴԿȻڵĶռ䣬ȻѺۣδսƾԻ硣
û뵽ǿ˹Ҫһᣬõ˵ʬ壬ûˡ׼ʱȥ
ҶȱĲ֮Ӱ첻С

Уһƣش۵ȭͷ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ײһ˭Ҳûռơ
꣡
ײ֮Ѷ磬ƣǺܿϡ
һ˿Ȼһɹ⣬شۣȻʸ񣬺ųԪǿĴڣشۣҵǺȥĹͥʶһ
ش۴⣬һ񣺡ҲԪУǿ뿪СС磬һ޴⣬ʵҿѣҿ԰㣬罨һ޴㽫Ϊİ
İ˵嶼Ӧףľ磬ɽѾûʲôôݣ˵ϣɽȥ磬óϦŲߡҴδʲô
ûж㡣
˵֮ץһԹâֱӺ
ꡭ
â뽣ײʼͬʱը
ޱ߽
شһʹ֮УɳһƬ󣬻ǽӣһĿռ䡣
شͷųֱ֮Ҷȼһ㶼еİ
֣ͨԹͥľ޴ͨ
ȥ
ԽѾûк˿ռ䡣
ҲûдˣձһȭԹâһʼڽϡ
ͨ
ϵعУһƬƬʼ飬ϣҲһѺۣһʼ顣
ش۲ϵͷŽ󣬿ʹݵأͷŸԵԵļԦֱˮ׼
ӣ־ʹﵽٻغϣ
ڼ䣬粻ϵسѷ죬ֿܿʼϣ֮⣬ԶʥǿߣһĻشۣ޾⡣
һƾеս
Կǿ󣬻ֱѹشۡشǷѹô󣬷ͥǿߣʥ磬̫Ĳ
Ҷֵģǣ˫Ǿͷ֪ǣһȫԣûԷͷɱ⡣
ҶҲ뿪ٵõش뿪ܴ֮һ뿪ʥ磬Ȼֻᱻش׷١
ʱֻһݾԴɴϸһƬ⡣
ɽ䣡
ش۽˽Ϊ޷ԸһֱܴݣѾ˲
ͻͻͻ
һĻˣһɽһͨɽ֮ߣش۽ӡӸ߿գһһѹ¡
ȭ
һƳһɽͶشۣ¶һĨЦȻһȭһ޵еһɽ
䣡
ɽ˲䱬ըƬ裬ţһȭȭմ˵ͨԵȻѼ̵ɽһ顣
һȭȥ˲ͻ군
һȭȥͥҲһ
ǿ֮һˣȫͷţش۵ķϣ߲У
£ҶȾ󵽣绪ɴۣʥ磬ǶôԵãУǱ뿪

磬ɽըγɹѣѿ֮󣬺ܿԶϣΧĿռ䣬Ҳڲš
ش۷ĵòˣСش۾ӦҪ뿪һòɣˣʵڿϧ
Ҷͷ𽥵ʧ


1473 ĲС
شνҲǰʵǾǿֶΣȫ֮ϣǿжȥʤˣԲ
ʱ˺ͣ
һһڿߣشʩչҲת档
شһֱ׷ɱΪң˹ͥпܣ֪ҵ巨ô³бȻϵ嵱ͥӦǵģϢ¶ȥԹͥ
˼һҶȴ뿪ʥ磬ʱˣشȴҲ׷ϴǧͼٶȡ
ٲ뿪ҪԿģ
߶ǧͼԪҶ𽥼ԦգĽ緽˲Ϣһ㵽˽ǰ
УиȻǧͼԪͬݣںϴ֮Уһ£Ҷʧڽڡ
Уס籩˺ϵسţΧ뱣ʥ硣

һΧ
ˡ
һӰӽڣ˲ϢƿնһͷߴʮɵľޣǸŹֵľޡ
ͷƴҲҲżƣŴĳǣҲҰţţǣĹǴ̣ȫŻһƤëĽŲЩֶ̣ȴʮֵӴ
ֱһĲĹ
˫ͫͷױȵİԵƣΧȻϣȻûκεӰ죡
Цɣ
٣ȻУҲҪˣǰҲȥȻɣ
ʲô
ʥ磬ͻȻһǳ֮⣬ǳ֮ҪֱӴȥǰĲޣպöǳ֮⣬赲ǰ
ǹʧ¶ҶȲȴĿ⣬ôһͷޣɵ磬δй࣡
ҼȻϵػƺһ鶼ûС
һž޴𣬻δȼռ£Ϩˣһ׻ػֻǵһʧȥ
ڷ籩˺ȻӰ졣
¾һƷȻϻУҲܵӰ죬Ʒʵ͵˲ͻˡ
ڵҶȣҲȥӴ㲻Ҳٲĵز
ôһͷ
ġͷǧͼУΪܴһԱʱӡŽʹãֱ֮
ٿȻҶȵüͷһƽˣ˲ɵȻĹȾҪܣҶȣȴҪռΪС
ǲҪ뷨
Ҷ߶ǧͼ߶ʮһһƾĲһǳ֮⣬ͬĲ
Ĳ񣬾Ȼδֻƣգգۡ
ˣ
ǳٿȻѸײڶ֮ƣסĲ񣬶ҶȵϣֵЦݣͷĹˡ
˻
ϧ벻һĻˡ
ǳڴǧͼ߶£ҪĲ룬ǣĲȻ̩ɽ˿£ǳϵ·Ҫѡ
ܡκޡޣǿߣǧͼ룬ǻģһСʵ룬ǡͷĲΪ㱿أѵ
Ҷδ߶СǧԼȻ޷ĲֺͶʱգգ۾ƺڿСӣǰȥ
ȫ붯¡
ɶ񡭡ֻнˣôһͷһƿأش۵Ĺ¶׻⣬һҷӵϣǿĶƣй
һƲɣаټƣ
ش֣ʱ䣬ҲҪץش۳֮ǰƷ
ǰĲ񣬷ʥɽ磬ǳΪһ񡭡¶ԶԸ
ңһֱƺͱأǣҶȥշ
ɽ
˲ӡһɽץУ߶٣һ˲ϢԽɾ룬ޱȵشĲ

ɽգ۾׼ȷ󣬴ĲƤϣɲɱǣҶȸоԵһ磬Ȼɽ޷С
ңҶȸоԼֱۣҪʧȥоһӵеֱ̣ۡ
аˣ
ĿǰΪɽնɱһپͷӦáӦÿ˵ĲƤ
ϧҶȸоԼ̫棬̫ףĲ񣬲֪ðģ˵
ޱ߽
Ȼһɽ޷˵ĲôҶȾҪչֶΣͷųһƬ彣ӣ͵شĲ
䣡
һʱ䣬ըĲΧһѰɽĲϣȻû˵ĲëԼʼ飬ըһƬ彣ӣϵһ𣬶ٴιĲȻգգ۾
ڲм˵࣬Qû
аˣҶ벻ͨΪĲǿĪƤ̫ʵˣǿ󹥻Ӧûµ˺ۣȴʲôûС
֮
ҶȿɲаˣΣҲҪͷǵģڷǳ棬ǿЦġ
ݡ
һƬ޽Žӡӿ
֮ǹ
ţҶʩչԼõͨһ޳ǹ޽һͬĲ
䣡
޽֮ǹĲϣ׷׶飬Ĳǲһ¡
𣡣
ȻͨУҶȾ뵽ΧĻ
ͷ򣬾ȻסһƮֽԼһͬϣγһƬصĲϣ֨֨ʢȼš
ĲƤëδսһ˵޴壬ʮϲһ㣬Ťͷ˿
𶼲УããҾϴˮ裡
Ҷҵһˮϵ߶ӡ֮һɺƷ籩һ㣬Ҷ˫һƣĲ
ͻͻͻ
뺮֮󣬻ǶᣬȻ󣬾޴Ĳڱ֮УΪһ
㲻ãȻϣµǿס㣬¡ԽҵĴǧͼ֮аɣ
ĲҶ¶ϲЦݣȻٴδ߶ǳ飬ವһȥ
ȥɣ
ǳɹס飬ҶȿʼСǧͬʱӡͷ飬˰κӡ
ǡ
ҶСǧϣ޷֣ƺĴĲ񣬱Ƕ޷ôεȵĵز
ꡭ
ʱͻȻѷ졣
ãҶͷԷ
䣡
һ̣ڲһ£ը飬ͬƷ˷ϯɢ
ҺҶ˷׼ǻǱʮУÿһ鶼Էϣһãߴ͸Ҷȵ̲סҧ촽ǣһѪ

ûУ顣
͸ˣ
ȫʢòףһɽ絽ɽ磬޵ٵȻڣκβһ

ģʱʵ̤˿ʣ
Ҳʵ˰ɣ
ȻһСĲǷ
˫ĴѵڿĲ
Ҷ鶼ֱˣǵģûʵϸôĲı˿š
һɨĲΧûһˣĿ̧ʱȴһӣĲϣϰ˫ֳĲĺ󱳣񡭡ո˯ѣڴǷ


1474 
ĲޱϣȻһС
СǳɢȻƽҶ˵һδκھİ
С
С
ɡɣ
ȻòСҶУŷУһȻ󣬺عϰ˿еһس롣
·Ҫգ
֮Դ˴𺳣ΪٴšַʽͻأسԼǰ
¾ǵ꣬УУͰɱ칬ɴۣܵĶӣС
ƺʵˣ࣬Σҵʥ磬ϴõǧͼǲǾãõʲôͿԵõʲô
ĲϵСֱ˦˦ֱۣĲƺͻȻǰһЩ¶һֻʮ꣬εӣƤͬ֬ͨ͸һ˫Ѵ󡢲ںڷĴۡ
һƳҶȣ·𲢲İƵġ
ȷǡС
ʱ˿̣ҶѴУعֲʩչ޷ĲԭС
Соʹɴ۵ʵԦһͷ²ڰǿĲһҲΪ档
СĲǣشҶȣȻ۾һûһ˿µĲɣȷЩͣΪϢǱʥ磿࣬ǸӦڣдϢΪЩūǰƵģȥ
ȻںϵǿġҶһԭΪδӹԷ۾
һ룬͸оƺһ
壬е壬ӵԶΰѪܱȵϱ壬ֻһЩٵĹ壬㲻һ࣬С࣬κֶΣǰ޼µģһ
СЦƺһУ˴ǧͼ̵ģǲǣ
ҶһĴĳ˼û˿ң侲쳣صĵͷ·СҲԼ̣
ڡУҪߣû뵽ǧͼУ߲㣬ȴƿأʵװߣŶ㲻ߣĵУ̾ĲͬϢĪǡ״̬ӦǴ߰ɣ
Ҿߡߵ
㻹ʸСķ磬Ц£ֲøŴνҵʥ磬ĪǣյĿģǴõһʬ壿ȫߵ
֮ǰһж˵һ㡭ˣҵȷʥõ˵ʬ壬ǡҲǻŶҵɽ磬ɽ磬ﲢĻ֮
˵ĵмɣߣأʣкܴͷ塭Ҳеһȣ
塭Īǣ磬һʣĻ壬ʣһ仰ҶУ첨Ρ
һ壡
ȫʣôǺεȵĴڣ˼飡
СƲƲ죬΢΢¶ŮӰǳǳѣ壬ɲһ˽ģҲ֪ǵĹȥһЩվ۷ǿߣŻ֪һЩ㣬һˣȻӵһ˿治֪ؾʲôôһԭ򣬾Ϳԣ㱣סһ

Ҷٴ͸ˣ
û뵽˵Ҳһ̣δƿУСƵڹ壬ʹ
شͨ󣬵Ҳ޷ոϴǧͼСӣѾشǸΣʩչǧͼҲ޷ӹԷٶȡ
硭Ȼޱߣ
ǵһΣҶԶסڵ飬һΣ˳رƿš
Сȥĥ˼ںϵһţѾòİɣ
ҶƽȻ޷ߣϢӡˣ̹ȻӦ˵ںϣܶǰˣʱֻԼӵһû뵽˾˵
ؼ䡭һƿˣ
ĺȻСǰزɣںڵ˫ͫһӳȥһɨҶȣԣֵýҲΪ˵㣬֪磬ڵʴʲôһʣǶӵеˣ壬Ż֣֮Զ֮ǰǶôǿ󣬶ôǿʢԶţʱħô޴ʱûʲôոӵ࣬Ǻӣ壬Ҳǵ޵Уʣٸ£񡭡Ҳʣôһ壡
Ϊ壬ǿĴڣᱻ壿
벻ͨ벻͸ǿ󣬾Ҳˣ
СһƳΪǵĻ˽ʣ
˽⣬ֻ֪ʣӵгûеʣԽУ󲿷ֵ飡
㣬˭֪ԣ㲻ʣ
СĲëҲǣʱһոµļԪȥΪʷص˵˼䡢ɽ硢磬Ľ֮УеһУʼʱֻһƬޣΪ棬󣬾޴ޱߣĽ磬Ҳֻǻеһǣû֪浽ж󡭡
ô󡭡
˼䡢硢硭Ҷ˵һޱߵĴڣ
ǣСȴ˵Ľ磬ֻǻһ䣿
⡭浽ж
£˭Ҳ֪
˾޴󣬻һδεĸı䣬ʣֲһУ飬Ҳŵ黹࡭ʼģǻʣҲΪ֮飬鲻ϵطܣ֮ʧˣ磬γ֮ʱʱͻᵮһЩɻ飬Щ飬ǻ֮飬ʡǻʣ֮ӵ޷Ԥϵ
֮飿
֮飬еˣΪʣߡߡֻߣԼ壬ǻ֮壬ǣԽе࣬ǣص飬ǣӵŻˣʣӿʼ֣һֱͳΪ˶ӵУõٵ񣬶Ѱһʣںϡ֮󣬳Ϊ֮壬Ҳԭ򣬵Ϊ˶Ŀ꣬壬𽥵û䣬׽Ȼ󡭡ҲʣôһҲӵ壡
ô˵
ҶߣʧСһ仰ˣСһֱûж֣ǰһԱһĺϢҶ뵽ʲôüͷһ칬ץôѪߡ˵ǲǰѪҺṩЩҹΪھ͹ĪҲռʡ
㲻ףһ֤֤ĸΪ˺ӣԸ¶ңǷ¶һӣҵѾкüԪ֮УҵҲǷǳģһ㶼ֻܻһԪܻԪԪڵǶǷǳǿġĵҷǳˣҵȴˣ·ˣ


1475 ҽ
¶
ҶȲ
ӷ磬ɽ磬һˣ¶ţħ𡢼Լ纺նЩ飬Ǿù¶
һֹ¶˴Լںη
С¶Ϊ˵ʧ䣬ҵһֹһֹҵĹ¶
һӣۼ֤Ļ𣬸ĸȥ
ֹ¶ĻԪ
һ룬ҶȾͲ֪ΪΣһ֣ҪվСߵĸоһЦںҲⰲŵģǾÿԣҵһԱѶԣ
СǰӣЦ𣺡Ҿڵ仰Ȼ㲻ԸҲɣǲôģϾӵ㣬ͬ㣬һˣӦ޷Ӧĵ˰ɣ㵹Ǵѵҵĵ̣ÿСӣɱ
ɵУӦ˵վ۷ĴڣĿǰ޷κֻܽˮҶʵͽĳϡ
һѣֻԴᵽһ̶ȣֻҪȥ磬ͻϳΪ󣬵ȷɽ磬Ϊﵽزģ١ǿǰֻһֻСָ԰ϰˣʲô
СͻȻҶһʡ
Ҷȣ
ҽ磬ûʲôĸңԺƺҰɣ֮䣬ü⣬վǰңֻҵķҵıڸĸ겼õķӡУӡţҪĥԣſԳ
磿
ҶԺоУüͷһ壺ҽʥ磬þŸĥĪǣ磬һ޴Ĺӡ֮أ
ţ길ĸ뼸岮һȺ׷ɱǣǽ׸ǿĴڣĸΪң岮ս֮󣬾ԼԪ֮ҷӡڷӡУǿ˺磬ӡ籩֮УұŴ籩ɽʱգ
ĸ̫ǿ󣬶Լ̫С޷ҴӡֱԪ˿⣬ôһͬĥӡһӡұָɣնɱҵĸĸɱ岮ˣӦöţǰʵλһص磬ǿһҪҵǣΪĸΪ˱𣡡
һĨɱǶ˵˼֮ɫ
û뵽ΪʡҲ˵ıӣ伫ռ
һ̣Ҷȶӡ󣬴Ĵۿۡ
ԭ磬ӦǸʥء
ȴҲӲ׵ļ
ӡһ仰˵ĵطз
飬Ҷȹһʣʩչɺã
ҡҡͷЩ£Ѿɵ磬޵УشۣҲҪǿһЩشۣĶ֣ұڸӦ֮Уɵ磬ʱʱͷɵ磬Ǵ󣬼Ȼôɵ磬޵еġҲûйҵڴǧŬӡĥ˲٣ٶȥҪһԪҲ뿪
һԪ
δ̫ЩҶһڣ绹ҪһԪǶôʹĥ
ܰæģ㿪ڣ岻ݴǣȻҶѿڶͫͷޱֿĿ⡣
㡭ڵ㣬УʮԪʱ䣬ҲܣﵽȻҪֵֶͨΣĥӡ֪ΪΣӼ㣬Ҿ;ϣйʹ㣬տ԰ң
Ϊһ᲻ϱǿ
ȻᳬԽˣҶȣҽʥȥһλش۵³ɣ
ĲһףҶڵĿռ䣬Ĳ񣬺˼ɻ赲𽥷ʥ硣
Ĳ񡭡ʲô
һֱں󷽵ҶȣȻĲƺΧҲ»ʵ
׵Ĳ⣬ϸԪһ˺ʥģʱһͷ̣ʯ𽥵ģسɳڻǵڳɳڣĲ磬ʮֵޣʮּ̣ƾһٸ㣬Ҳ˲ʮ񣬶Ķ֣
ޣ
Ȼһޣǻŵġ
찡Ҷȶʱð󺹣֮ǰȻ֪ߵغ񣬹ޡ֪һ̣ˡ
䡭
ת˲մĺ
ҶĲʥ磬ֻǶռ䣬شۻݵĿ֡
Ҷ֮ǰĲͬشͻˣͷţڿʲô飿
ǰ֪ԼУȴҲսȥشۣ׷Ҵʱǰǿء
شǰǱҶ䳰Цţˣʲôۣͥף
ӲֻǿģҪƴӣ³ԽԽҡ
شۣưոִԲôͲҪҡĨɱķ
ռƣһȭض֮ѹش۽ڽڰˣԽԽء
񡭡ش۲Źģ
شûԼһͷ侲Ϊ˷ŭʨӡ
شۣһǵģʥɣԺٸıҲҪնɱ
Ȼ֮ǰһ̣
񵱿һֻʯ
䣡
һţش۵¸ˣһֻƤֱӡֱӾͱһ߳ʥ硣
ǿ
Եǿ
ޱߣޱߣ
ʥˣѾʼףĿУΨһĴڣ񣬴ֵľǿУ

ͥ
ͥɽ߷壡
¡
ߵĹͻȻһ֮նΪţһʱ䣬ɳǿߣĪܿɢȥˡ
񡭡ʥ磡
УڰյشۣһѪĨĨߺ޲ѣشۣδԹִ칬ǰľͷҲӦ죬ȴһĿϣ
ۣͥ
ɽ磬˭֪˲
Сӡôı£ϢǱҵصƤ£ķɶ񰡣Щˡشۼֱһŭɶ
ಣ
ȻӰӹ֮⣬ֶ
һӣһ߲ʥµŮӡ
ۡشۡ
شۼشۣһ㵣أô˶ŭСӣǷˣ
ǸССӣӵдǧͼȥ磬ҵķ׷ɽ磬ػ˺һȦȴûץסһ
شǣ£СҲˣһʱУһǿĴڣҵķȻ֮һ˻ع֮У
ɽ硭ң֮⣬ôһǿĴڣһ
п񣬿ΪҲﵽ˰۷壬սǧغϣĶܴ֡谡
Ҫ֣ȥѹɱ˲š
̫ǿˣһʱ֮ΪԴο˲ǵҪˣȥܾˣʤҪָܻܸ˿ӣ
ش˵ǣǲçײˣѸӦСӣǱҹͥˣǻģʹȥѰҵǸûˣû뵽ԭǳΪͽشȻɱ


1476 ˵ʬ
ģشҡҡͷȼŭ𣺡桭棬أµӣˡ
ͷ֣µĵǰӣĸ꣬ͻȻѣ᲻ЯеܣˣĨɱ

شɫЩ룬·뵽ģ׶֮ʹǷģǳ֣ʹһҲ֡
ҵķ˿Դ롭ҹͥǸúú÷ʡ
شЩƣۣ˶Ĭˣ

ʥ磡
ʥɽ߿չС
ǿĿһԵҶȣ˫ͫͷ⡣
Ϸޱȵؿ΢΢üλҶȣӦ֮ǰй棬Ӵˣĵˣѣ
ǣˣϥ£ͫеĵ⣬Ҳ˲ɢȥ
ԸΨǴӣ
Ҳ㲻ʶǰеĵطˣҶҲ󷽣վȭ
ûʲôһˣ񣬴ŵЦݡ
ӻ֣ҶȽӡռ䣬ʱ䣬Ҫ⣬ԷͥǿߣٴϮ
һȣ
ڿȥʱҶȼߣȭϵ˵ֵλѣΪƣʥ֮Уϣ֣Գ֮ӻӢһ˻뿪֮ϣһ㣡
С£
Ϊʲô£ЦЦ뿪˹
ٿ
һ⣬ͻȻҶڵĿռ䡣
ôԡһɵҲûУԡҶһɨΧ⣬ٻͷһһӡ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾݣ

߸ϣһĴڣ飡
ಡ
һԣʧʱҶ˾ͱռ룬գۣͼǰǰ٣ȡǧͼڵԿռ䡣
һ
׽硣
ǰһ˴ԣȫʵ硣
粻󣬴ԼֱǧףʣֻгԵʯһڹһԿյϣĲſ˯
磬ӹ߳Ҷȣ׵ͷ
ı𣡣ȫоϢΪڷ֮ϣȷǿˡ磬Ҷ̷򹬵ռ䣬ȫԣ˵ˣֻбѹˡ
ң޷շУǴ粽У
Ҷȵõ󴫳Уİ֮壬ԦԣѾû⣬ܵѹҲֻһֶѡ
ǿĽƣҽƣص˻ʣԽռڣռڣڿռ䱾ʣҲ뿪ǣ类ӡȴԶܳȥԷӡʧ
ҶȲòȻֻܸӦһߣȴҲ𺳣ֻܽ硣
רΪķӡ
㵽ױҲȥ
Ҷ빬ǰһ֣һͤ¥ƾճֶҶȽ¥֮ϣ֮󣬶ҶϣڵΪȴӵа޷ӵеԶ㣬ްѹƣƺйڤڤ֮пԵõԵֻͬҪ̤٣ôɵ磬޷κ㣬󣬵Ȼ㵽ʱǧͼֻ᲻һҲа취ߣ٣Ҳ׷ɵıԴռ䷨
ʵӴҵѹһѹڣҲӦһﵽ۷壬ҵ٣Ȼǻģûȫ׼ǲ٣
һҶȶѡ
˵зʽҾͲ̫࣬Ϊҳ󣡡
󣿡
ҶȾĿɿڴٻһΪԴɽˣˡ
ǣһ㷲ˣԶܱһ㣡
ǲӵ㷲ǵĶ֡
һɨ¶֮ɫڣӦĪǡӵ硢ͬԴⲻǴܾеģ
ҶȻ𾪵أϵͷĵ̣ӡֶۣ޷͸㡣
һУ翴͸ˡ
ҶȷԷθЦֻӵߵϢҵõǿߵҲֻһϢԡӵ硢ͬԴ
ô˵Ѿبδе漣һҸ棬ǧҪһ㣬κˣٵĴܣõ㣬ϣƽܣΪδͬԴ
˲Ϣӣֳ䣬ȫɫ
ҵǷǳںҶȷǳȣҲ֪ΪͬԴ޴¡
磬һ粻ͬ纺ǴżԶһУ֪
ȻһָԿռĸ߿գһɾ޴Թâ㿴޴ķӡ󣬳ĥ֪ʱǸͷ
ͻͻͻ
һɵͳת֮߿ѹ
Ҷһɵ޴֮ϵذΧԿռ䣬ԿˣԿռ󷨣ϵزռΧ̵ʣʼɶΪʯ׹붯ռ֮С
ԭʱôʯΪʥĥԿռ䣬ռ飬ģ
˲ϢҶȺȻʱƵģĿһ衣
ٻһ󷽵ĽɫѵѰҵġҽ𹬡ǰĹһУΪ磬ɽⷽʣġ
ͫЦҪ͸һ
Ҷסˡ
漴ͻӳһԹâ
硭ǡǡ˵ϢâһҶڵĴǧͼʼԶʮּҡ
ʲô
˵ϢȻʬ壡
ಣ
һȫԹɵףϢҶǰ֮ڣȻһ𣬻ѪۣĿ꣬ˣҲռƵѮˡ
ҶȲվ𣺡ǰ
ߣߣҶȣԽʮһﵽȥ磬һףʣǶǱգǶΪڣϧˡôһߣɽ磬Ϊһ䡭
ҡҡͷûһ˿飬٣ƣҲκˣ飬㣬ߣǻʣҲǻʣҲǻʣĳһ˵ǻ
á
ٴΣŵõ˵ʬ壬飿
أǾȣƽ˷ܣ
ҶȷԼܰˣ˵̫ԣǻʣӵŻһͬĸԴ
ǰһعɽ磬ɽ磡
߶򣬰ףٿȻʧ
翴Χûжٵֲöû㿪ĹԼϤϢ棬һֹҶȣ㿴޴ļǸĸҵĶȴҪƻһУ߳ȥҪѰҸ֮ͬˣϣŸĸ˵ϣ
磬ʵҡ԰æһ֣ͬӿĥٶȣڴʱҶȵһʯ쾪Ļ
ɲףܼԦԡʣҶ֮絹ǲɣֻЩʵˡ
ҿպãҲҪһ
Ҷվ𣬿߿գǲתУ·Уһ޷ԶԸʱա


1477 ͻ뷨
𣿡
Ҷȣɻ󣬷·ţһˣСˣôܶԿ
ء
ͻȻҶĪ⵭һЦһϤӰƵģζգ۾ƯҶȵļͷ
ޣ
ǡ
һԵ磬޳֣Գ˾㵣޷Ӧɫ·޵ĳ֣޷Ӧ
𽥱һţޣƺͷСƺ޲ޣ
ɲҪСޣͿɸʯֵɵʣ飬ˣҲճԲҲԣ̰ʳԡ
Ҷ磬ͷС磬󣬶˵һʰ˵ʳޣ˵ǲǣ
ء
ƺͰͲסԿռ䣬̰졣
Ȳ˵
żĿͫ⣬һֱޣ·ӡܸӦҶ޷ӦĴڡ
Īǣ
ԺϻУڣҶ˫üһһֱŪʲôʱľֹɫĪܿ
ҶУܴһţ
ʱ·翴Ҷȣ̾˰˰
ѵʲôҶȼæޣ룬һΰ޿ϸϸ
ۺ֪У֮УԵ֮⣬ࡢκ鶼пܣ
ѵ
ҶסһƺޡУɻ絮
һͨǣ壬ôֹ࣬õ˻ľˣӵеޣӵһرԴںϵϢǵɵ磬磡
޷ǣΪ壬ǿ飬ӵиӦͬ౾ԴڵϢͷޣһеڣ԰ĴڣУǰôһ󱦱
һɳδᳬԽ࣬ޡʥޣҵĲһָͷȣ˵һɳӵпֲֻչ
һ缱ȵ˵꣬ȻȴҶȵĻش
£Ҷڴ֪޵
飬һĴڡ
ҶȻع񣬻ƺڿռ䣬һֳԽߵĴڣڿռдڣϢٶȡǺգߣ޷ȼ磬ȻֻǱȼٶȣ£ʩչߣҲԸӦĴڣ
ಣ
һһɶʯһٿȻһƯ
Ҷȼʯ֪˼޴һٿһҶ˫з
Ȼʯǰ̰죬ȻſС죬ʼžડžડشʯϣҧһʯɽˡ
״̬˲Ϣˣ֮
ǰǺˮһף֮ǾͲ̫һҪҪ
ĲҲܣЩʯˣʯЩʯϸ˵ЩʯֻУͨϵʣʯʯһ羫γɵĴڣˣ˻ʱգЩϧ
ϣһ䳰ȷޱˣһƳҶȣͰ°ɣٶȡ㿴ôʯѾˣһԴڲԳһͨͲÿ棬һĥռ䣬һͨͨϿ񣬲ãұܴͨӳȥ
ô죿ٶҲ̫ˣҶЩ㱡
Կռ䣬һʣʱѾĥһЩЩ꣬ɽ磬ɽȻĥǿǽƣȣֻʮף޵ٶȣ˯˯˳ԣܸ㶨
ҲãһҲ֪ͨôʣܷø
ǱȻģ㿴´μʱѾڣȫһҶȸڴ
Ȼˡ
Ҷü䣬ͻȻһ裬ƺ뵽ʲô޵һ֮ޣʵôԣôԣǲҪ
ءһʯޣƺЩˣҶ·˪˵һ㡣
磬һҪ¡ڴȱһУһʱģҶȾ޷硣
Ȼ
һ֣¥󲻼ˣĲ˲һӣʱӭ
ҶתԽ磬ɷɳʥ磬СǧͨƬ̣˾ʹʥʧ
ʱգ
Ҷȴ߳һƳΧž֮ģԤشǱΧȻûпܣҪԤһ˭һ
ಣ
һԹâҶָţĴ֣ѾȥȻˣڸո뿪ͥȼձǸƣ̬
Կռ䣬ʵָˣǱδﵽ۷壡˿̣ģԺӿһУȼձԼĳ
Ҷȵͷ΢΢һȣѾͬԼ
ľƯţָǸϢ֮أԻָģҪһʱ侲
һΪһЩġˣ֮ǰһ뷨á
ҶȺȻöޱȣޣƺڷУЩʣһͨͨ磿
š
˲䣬˫Ĵ𺳵̾뷨̫˰ɣ
Ȼ飬Իģ𺳡
ɹݵķ棿һµͨ
ʲô뷨
֪ٵľͷȻѰҹͨѰͨϣȥ磬ĿģȻɿա
ҡҡͷ޷һ𰸣ֻȥΣڹҵ˽⣬ǳƬ棬޷ش⣡
ȥͥ
Ķ޷ش⣿Ҷĺ⣬뵽һԴ𰸡
ԣôʣɵ磬ߡ

ಣ
˲Ϣ˾ʹӾɽʱʧȥ
޽֮أ޴Ķգ
ӳôͻȻΧ
һѲУһƬʱգһ߳ż֣ͥĶӳ괨
Աּ֣ɻ괨֪ΪҪ
ǿ
괨صǰһЦ˼æȥֻӰУͽ߳һ棬һ˴ɽߡ
ޡˣ
Ѫڣغ
λֵܣ
ҶȴŻģֶȺӢǣȭʩ
֣㣡괨ƽ࣬ȴҲһˣȻҶģǰĶѿռȥ
ˣ
֣ԭأһֱز
ʣУһĴڡ
ʲô˸
ǾȻˣ
һЩ֣Ӷѿзɳ֮ǰ˵һڲѣһɽĴϧոմ˴źʧȥλá


1478 Ϥ
֮УͥĴӪ
˿̣߲㣬֣ڻӭҶȵݽ֮ҶȾģ괨빬С

Ϸ£Ҷһӵ
磬û°ɣӵ֮Ҷȵģо̤ʵů࣬漴¡
һЦȻǸӺĴֿ񣺡ͥϢâţնɱӼҲҪһܷâ칬ȻɳѰ˵Ҳ֪ģͥһֱǱУ
ϴʪ֣֮նɱâšӼ鲢δ
ҶȸеһƬȻȻ򽣽ܻġ
ҶȽܣ뽣ûжӦ
ҶЩͷԣҶȼ򣬿ģǺǣ֪㣬ģشµŵӣΪңҲԹͥӦ֪ҵܣ
΢΢ףûжɫ˵㻹ҵǰҶǹˣֻ㱳ѹּͥ칬ͳΪͥͷ棡
кη
ƵһЦ
磬㡭и뷨뷨ʵ֣ôҿԸı磡
ٿȻҶȴδй࣬򽣡
˫ͫҽһı磿ĵܣôǣ뵱꣬ҸոմϹżԪԪ֮иĸ־һ֮ıͥ״룬ҿԸı硭
ǰ
ͬУ
ڷ磬ڳƳǣҶȶһˣıԼˣԼıˣıݣı硣
ˣǣɽ磬;뷨̫ˣı磿ֲܼı䣬Ѿˡ
ʲô뷨֪ҶȵԸ·ûеģ˵
磬ҵޣܻ֪ͣɸʡпܣáݵĹ칬ץ˶ˣھ棬һͨ
˼ޣɷͨһµͨ
ţ뷨֮䣬뵽ģ޵޷Ϊ赲
ĵܡ
Ҳʮֵ𺳣ǣ侲֣صذסҶȼͷĳĵ뷨ǺܺãĺܺãһҲڴǳ𺳣㲻֪ľ
ǲˣ
ҶͬһԵĻģ
£ͫ£ҽ칬Ƕʱ䣬ԹģΪ칬ǹߡ˵ʵ˭ţߣ᲻֪ûа취磿ҲţһֱַͨŽ˽棬ԭ棬ʮֵޱߣӿֲǡ治ϵӣȻֵʣۻ㣬룬칬һֱ취򿪷棬ȴһֱûа취Ϊ㣬ϵγɣһѹһ㣬ͨһ㣬һ㣬ͣ
澹ȻڲϵĽ
һصʱҶըˡ
һԶûϣ
޿ɷʣҲҹسԣɣܳô࣬ؼһֻ֣ήٸʣγһѭޣһӣѷꡣ
ǲʵܡ
𰸣ʵҶȴĴ
ҶȼͷοûоԣľͷڹͨԼķʽѰҰ취磬˵ԺתȻĵ뷨Ҫһԣ֪вУ
ţ
Ǵ磬һοҶ𽥲ȥôࡣ
Ҷɫƿˣϴζ޽֮أѰһڵϹŶع飬Ǿһʱ䣬ܣһֱæµţ
ն졢ƣһҪȥȻʮæµ
룬Ҷ̾ҶԼ飬ҲҪڴֻܴϼ죬Ҫȥ޽֮ռԴֶ۽ҪҪ޽֮أֶ죬ʱ䣬һֱ޽֮أʱԹ磡
ֶۡ
һص䣬ҵһֱûлĵֶ죬ŮˣǲĴڣ
ǳǰҾֶۣǶٴڣȻбͨӴʵǿҲԽ͸ĿǰĲ²⣬Ѿﵽ˰߶ȣ
ɵ磬в٣Ҽģжʮֶۡһ񣿵⵹ǣҶֶ죬࿴Ҫ޽֮أռԴֶ죬һɣ
Ұɣϴξһľ֡ͨ˿飬ΪֶߵӣΡҾҲһ顭
ҶȻ֮ǰһУЩ񣬴ֶ´ҳħͬԴӵʼµһ֡
ĪѩŽ桢ϫӻߡ˶ֶУͲµӡ
ӵĿģΪ˿Լ
뵽ҶȾͲòֶ۲µ֡
ϧ鶼ԣȴɻδ⣬УĲ㣬δնɱΪ½ޱ
һ֮󣬽ž;˾ƻᣬҶͥˣһʹ
ȻҶȾģĵͥޣ˶Ҫָʵͥᱦ֮ã˴شԼϵѹȡ
ЩҪͨУȥ⡣
УҶȶ
һԣ֮ӣԼҶشĵϵػָУʵǿһЩ
ಣ
ҶȻ֣һ޵Ŀռ硣
ͷһ⣬ʱǧǿķһЩ鱦٣ƣչҶǰ
ÿһ˶еļƷ
ЩǴط屦
˷дҶûȫó
塭ôķʮǿɽ磬Ȼǿޱȡֻϧ
Ҷ֣һķһΪһöָЩ
ţ
סָ˲䣬Ҷȱֻʶһ£ķжôĲոմָ¶˾ģ
Ϊոմ߶ָָڲͻȻһ˵ķ֮ȻȻҶȵˡ
һԶˣǣ־ǣȻ˵־ֿκںࡣ
Ҷϸϸ۲죬˫ͫһһ𣺡Ȼں֮šֲԶҵԭ֮Ҳ˵ˣ񻹴֮ϣ
ˣţʹ壬ʧǿ֮һ֮ϣ
ֲã³봫ٷᵽȱƺû䡭
̾Ҷɻ
µֻСһȻ۶ѹˣȻĴ󲿷ָ֣ɱˡ
ڣˣţôʧĸ֣˵пܻ֮ϡ
ԭش׷ҲţΪŭǡΪҵõ巨Уһܣش۲֪ĸ֣ţԲһ׷ɱң
һܣôҶǰ
̫ˡһҾȳۣȳĸǣɽͶһɣǿԿͥ칬


1479 ľ쳵
ǿߡû䣡
Ƕôһܣ
شۣ壬ѹЩǿߡһȳǣҵǹͥĿģ
ҶȽսָȻֿ
Ҷȸɫ̫ࡣ
ǧաֻмʮӵűϢǿߣʣ¼ʮ
̾̾ҶȰзӡڴǧͼУóһùͥӦ˵ۣţͷ񣬾صĽʹߣҶȶԶǶ֡
ǣȻʱʱ̿ڸӦҶȵ䣬巨֮ء
ø³룬õܣйɾ״۵ˣǧСĹͥ
һҶȱ㿪ʼٷԼʮ˲˳ȥ
ֵܣһٷڶʱ⣬ֹƺΪģΪ˽һδٷ룡
󣬽ͻȻմݶ
ҶֹͣУ߳䣬ŻģһɳʱգͼУĲӰ뼸֣վһٷ档
ٷȻҶȶͥĴӪòСģһ˹ͷٷϤͥڣôֻͥܰⷽա
ಣ
ҶԱߣһץٷУȻ򽣵ͷ˲Ϣѷ
ҶСܣһ֮ľ쳣
Ҷٷ洫ľ쳵
ľ쳣޽֮صĽʣʲô£Ұңı󡭡һϸԪĴڣ̫ͷ
ɻҶЩ
ѵֵܣȻҪĪҪʱ䣬˼㣬ɲҪ˼ⷬ⣬ƣԷż
磬Ȼˣֵܾʹ˸պپۣ
ҶҲ֮ˣߣʮӶİǻ飬ͿԻģ߶ǧͼŻĴӽǰʧȥ
ע磬ûҵ˭Ҳ뿪
߼֣´

޽֮أѰĸ߶ȿռУһƯ½½ҪˣгǳأС
㣬û°ɣ
ǳڣһҾ¥С
ѩӣڶľߣɫعʵ
ľ쳿ȥɫЩ԰ףҡҡͷ΢΢һЦѩӣû£ǻ֮ʱ߻ħС£
ѩҧ񴽣С£߻ħС£ʲôǴ£Ҳ֪ҶСӣʲôʱܸǰȸ˵ֶУ÷ˮĪǵλӾͰ˰ɣ
ˣ룬ھɽ磬޽֮ء̫½һ˶Ҫ깦Եȣ
㲻˵һյƹ򣬾𣿡
ӣɲҪСܣǶľС㶮£СһˮôҲϴɾˣ
źѩľ쳣ʱҶȵĺЦӷ֮
㿴ɣ
ľѩһɣʱѩӾɬĺգæȥŴ򿪡
ǰҶȣԱߣĻġ
ӣСܿǱˣһѩӣҶȾͰڳһԩģ

ѩӿɲɫæǳһҶҲʵ뷿䣬ģںѩӴ΢Ц£뷿䡣
ȫһ
ڣϢƺͨ˳Ҷȿ첽ľߣ˲䣬ѿ⡣
ľûϻش𣬶ǿģҶȻһЦҽһ£ͣ
ҶȵЩ⣬ҲðʧǸõһʱܣĵݡҶȻǽܣλǡģ
ʲô֪ľһһ˼飬ԣ֪ĵġ
ģľףľӣǽ̫ǰĴ˻֮˰ɣ
֪ǵ̫үүѩһ󾪡
ľģͶȥһݾ⣬׻ѩӽܵشµӣһͥĽλԺգڹͥ͵ףȻ֪ǵүү
̫ǰͥɽ˭˲οԹͥλӲҪһɣѾͥ뽪̫ǰһ֮չֳǿ߸еĳơ
㣡
ľվ¡
ȻѩӶϲ裬ľ쳲ſҶȣ渵ǰã̤һٳɹϧչأҪٻϢ֪С߻ħ޷֮ںϵıʧ˴ԡָԣ
ԭ
߻ħǴ飬ľܵشˣҲʧ˴ԡ
ҶһЦû⣬˵С˼ľС㣬ҲΪָԣҲΪ㻯ⲿ֮
棿
֮ľЩԼĶ䣬һԵĺѩӣҲҶڴţƵġ
￪ʼطҶɴݡ
ѩվͷͫ⣺ﵱȻУǵҸܵط
ľҡҡ֣ģ⣺ӣл۽ڣԱ֤ȫ̫½޽֮غͨĴ½̫ľͷڣ
ʼɣ
Ҷվ
ľȶնƯڷУָֻһһ¥ǿߣ֪Ƕѱͷƿء
ž
նҶľ쳺󷽣ͻȻ󱳣Ȼľ쳵ϢϵرҶġ
Ҷǰľ쳵֮ڣǶɽ֮ߣǵɽ֮˶ľ֮γɶԿų״̬
༡⡢ϸѪҲ֮ϵѹһȫѹȣ֮ͻչôľ쳡˲
ǶٵĿ£
ľ쳵ƣɣ컯ɽ֮ô֮вס𵤿Ҳͻˡ
򣡡
һɰҶȵУֱӴľ쳺󱳡
ʱľ쳾𺳵˫ͫǿһΪȶٵȻҶȴԾ԰ƣѹȡ
㡭ʵľʵڲţŶãҶȵʵѾȫԵĳԽ
ꣿľ쳲֪˵ʶҶȣֻϦѣôݵʱ䣬ҶȾȻΪǿ˹Ĵڡ
˵ģ֮ᱻһ֣Ȼ󴥶Ľ֮ѹ󲿷֣ʼ
ҶȰοһȻʹ߶ֻͨһǰѶľ쳽ڵ֮𽥵룬ʼָƽ𵤣Դ֮һָôȫľ쳾Ϳơ
֮ͬ˿һ㣬ҶС߶򣬰ѽ֮ڵ֮Ȼľ쳿ƽ𵤣ͷڱߵ֮ԿҶҲһԣ
㡭
û뵽ôгЧѩӼϲ̲סᡣ
ӣİɣҶڣǿ̫࣬ڣһ鶼ûУľ쳰˵
ϣϣһ֣һֵѹɽ֮֮ѹ֮УǵУʼѹн
ľ쳵ɫԽȻ
޶ٴ󰭣ֻҪúϢͻûµģ
ļѩӿ޳ˣɵð
أ
ѩ̲סڻļͷ޳ʮӽ֮ĸ飬Ƕô
һĻľҲһЦůӿ졣


1480 
ҶСܣлİѹסڵ֮ľ˿ɫӲ԰ף𽥺󣬲ɫ
Ҷȣǵл⡣
Ҷ˵ֻСһ׮
ಣ
һڶľ쳵УֳһƵľƺ
ɲͨľƺԣһԿʧ٣ǽϸƷʴɣԼʧҲȻ¶â
ľ쳽ܵǡɫһĹүүжӵּԦռתһռ䣬еһУ
߳һƺҲŹĴڣһɨҶ뺫ѩӣȷһĿռϹżԪһϧԪ֮ĩɽʧȥһ߽⣬ʹʧû뵽ɫ
ľ쳴Ľأĵͷ˵ļǣүүɹԪ֮ʱԪ񴫳иңոںΪүүȫܰһΪҵı
̫ǰͨ󰡡ֶΣۣͥҲضãܻҪԽۣΪɽ磬ǴδŹģ˵һ׼ǡ
磬ڼҴУͰ
̫ǰ޵˵ʦܣɫһѵõĿռԽ̫ǰԿռУ㣬ҲΪ棡ҶȵһС
˫һϣһԣģպûɫ
ˣ
ľ쳽ʩչһӡ
ֻɫ΢΢һԳ£Ŷľ˫תմҶԡ
ʱ䲻ʧ뺫ѩӽ£ȴδȥˡ
ҶյĶľ쳣һͬɫԣ棬һɻҡסɫ֯ɵơ
ɫͬʱڶľ쳵˫ͫγͬ״̬Ǳӵе
ɫħԪҪһΣĲ̺Ԧռͨ
ȥҶȻ߶ԣڼ䣬ѾɫһƿأԱħڵħԪɫһࡣ
࣬Ĳʡ
һĳΪ񣬾лᣬԼħԪƳΪôʵͥۿ⡣
˼䣬뺫ѩһֱڽѩץסᣬѧϰһЩļԦ顣
ԽĬѩͻȻס˫ü˫ۣ۽㣬֪޽֮أһ䶯Ĵ£
һֱھɽ磬ܹͥĸ֣⻹һ޽֮أݸһЦֹ󷽲ʧ
ѩӼæ˵ǰ޽֮أһĴҪ½㷢޽֮ض֮У

һ֪˵һ˻Ҫ
̸ϣֻʱشµӣڸһգǵһ޽֮أ۹ĴڣǴ˹ΪͿ⡢նɱڣǰһδ޽֮ؽϧûãΪɿԿ칬ûþͻˣ
ĪǴ칬ɵģ
˲֪ͥȴ֪ģΪͥԿ칬ϧȴ칬֣г֣ûþʧˣĴ̾ҡͷ
˹
˵⣬ġ
ȫעľϣΪɫָԵҶȣɻعպѩζԻ첨
ڵӿ
˱仯Ȼľ쳸Ӧ֣ؽ֮ǰãŴϢû֪ôƺ£رģ
ԵͣһӰ죬ľ쳿ɲǰ㴫ҶС⡣
˹Ųʧ𣿡Ҷȹ֪ľ쳡
ɫҶ¿ɣð΢΢תš
ľһƳͰˣȻҶȣ𣬴˹һ֣֪ټǰã˹ǰϢдүү˵˹Ѿͻ˰񣬱ʵǿ󣬶ңƺ칬ֱӹϵղ۽ᵽǹͥϹŶ߲㣬Ȼ˵ǻ칬֣֮ȻҲйִţȴûţ
һʣҶüȻ칬֮֡ȻִǹȻ칬칬ٴγѹ
ľ쳳סɫںϴﵽ˱״̬ҶΪɻ󣬽ŵ˹ʵɵУվ۷ĴڣҴ޽֮أ㣬ܽǿҲΪӴţ˹ʧ꣬Ǳѹڳͷ֮Уϴδ¼ӳ죬Щ꣬ʵָ۷˰ɣ
߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ۡڣǵʱͷ֮УǬ֮⣬Ӱͷķߣ߾ˣ붫ټ˾ɲϼؽ౦һֱʧţûκζ˹ȻվƺЩͻأ
˼⣬ϢҶȴĳ
߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ͷʵǷͷɽӰӹɡ
ǣӦڰУڻȻȴʱһٶԿ칬
񣬴˹ȴվ˴ķ粨һϢɽ紫ϴΣҪľ춯ء
ɵڣԿ칬һ
ɽ磬׻޷ԤϵĶ֮С
ľ쳺Ȼɫģ׵Ʈ棬Ҷڳ˼Щ׽͸Ҷȵ뷨߻ħԭҪúþޣΪϢɽ޴ķ籩Ҳûᣬʱ֪жٵľͷǿߡ˵еۼһã֤ٴεβʶĻᣡ
ȷһƾۻᣬҼ˹ǰһ޺ҶͷȻ뺫ѩӣ˵˵ЦЦ
һȥľ쳿ƻָò࣬һˮͷųɻŰĶ˹
û⣡
ҶˬӦˡ
˾ۼһҶĿڻϣԷҲ֪ƺʲô£Ҷ¡
Ҷȴڹֳͥ󶯾ش۱ȻᲶ׽ϢݣѾ޷أڹ֮㻹Ǳʥɽ磬úںħԪǽʹߣµǷΪʶϣۣͥѰ㣬ʹ߶ȻҲŹ㣬ʵͲǣ
ԭҵĴ
ƺһԹͨĿ⣬йҶϡ
¿ɳԩͷ
ҶȿЦûлأֻԣµشۣһһɽ磿ҺΣشȻʦ𣬵ָʲôˣֻǿ⣡
ȥ
ĴŭԹݺƳһҶȣȻľ쳡ѩʩǶȥ
Ů˰
ŮˣѶ
ϢһҶȾŶľ쳡ѩ뿪̫½


1481 ּа
޽֮ط죬һΣʱеĴ½
½Ϊ½ξһֻӥչ衣
ҶСܣԼ۳ƹӣм˶½ǱȽϸӵĵطֻΪδؽϢ𵴳һɴ籩˷ۼ
½ͼһǳأзϡسǰ
ľ뺫ѩӴҶֵ֮УΧ洦ɼɫɫˣħа̣嵽첿֣ڡڵĴڣڶٸ֣һ㶼ϢҲЩһǿߣͬʱʱڳһӣСС
ͨӦҶȰѳ½Ӧһߣ֣СС½Ҳһ
мٸ֣ԼʮһٸݷУǻǸ½Ҳһߡ
ľһҾ¥˸Խ뷿Ϣ
˼죬½λòŮӣӣǵ޽֮ص꿡ܣ۳ƹӣŶ٣ҶȣΪˡ
Ƭ̣һ˱ڴһƲˡ
Ʋ뷲ͬƣǸҺƶɣˣҲһЩ⿶ɣ⣬Ƕɽޡ
ľ쳾ƱŮҶȽܣλֶ죬Ҷȣʶ꣬۳ƹӹϵǳ
λգҶһ۳ƹΪһ໥ܡ
ˣһٸ֣˶ľΪ£۳ƹΪڣںѩӣڣҶΪಮ١
Ե˼ҶΪҲûһ£òô򵥡
ûʵǶľѣҲǷС
У
ĺȻ⣬һΪᣬĺǳ
һʱ˿ȥ
У
Ҷ۳ƹĽδʩչǿӦȻȻʳʱһ
ֵܣôˣ۳ƹǸ޽֮ض㲻Ƕ٣ʵҲһٲ࣬Ҷʧģʵ
û£ֻǾƶ˼֮䣬뵽˹ȥһλѡ֪£Σ
õ۳ƹӹģҶЦݣ۳ƹӼ򣬶ԺһӰһ᷽աѪ緢ꡣ
ʥģ
ÿ˶Լĵ·Ҫȥѡû˿Ա˽̳һ·ֻԼȥѡһĿģͻ᲻һȥߵͷ
ʥľҵԼĵҪȥ׷ŵУѰҷŵ磬̺磬ʱҵ׷Ŀꡣ
Ϣǣ
˻һƾƣҶȿʼͷŸӦɲǣӦһϤޱȵϢӲԶ
۳磬ҳȥߣ
Ҷ۳ƹӰһ䣬ľ쳵ͷһ뿪ſڣȻһѪĹͷ󺺣ݵھ¥ſԵʯʨǰ
һμСϵߴ
߲ˡͷһֱûκζʹȻ󷽡
ಣ
ʮӰ˲Ϣӻɫշ
ͣ
ͷǸˣһֹͷ󺺱СߴһݣһĿѣһСնɱСûʹࡣ
ǡɱǵˣ
һСû뵽ԷһͶɱ֣æͷһʱʮ֣Ӿ¥ΧͻȻֵʮ˰Χ
ھ¥ڣ󲿷˶֪߳¡
һȺϣҪҾҪ
˺ƣһ̣ͻȻͷһаϢ֮УûĺڰΧֻ֪ôһ£ڰǵͫһΪʬһ㣬ء
֣
࿴ֵˣļͨʶ½һ֡
аӡһȥɣ˽ʮˣûκξ¥ĸֳ֣
ͷ󺺣΢΢һȻǱ֧ӣҡҡλΣһȺСˣʱǶˣ߻ħʱ͵ǸɨǣѹõҵľѧǾһǻȥ𣿡
аӣ˾ȻаӣɽУٵ޷ߣʵа֮ˣǷ֮ˣ
ǰаӵھɽ磬Ҳһû뵽أ
Χ۵ˣ׷š
ʮˡ֪ǵ޽֮أһ½һ̡ĸ֣ҲǷ칬
һ̵ˣ
˵һ̲ðǷͷֱܾƷ˵ȵҪǣһ̿ɲʲô¶ɵó
мˣͻȻٵʮ
һ̣ԳħǰôٷУȷйǵϢҶվǰһˣƵشǰʮֿ֣аӡ
ӦϢаӣ꣬аӿǱƷʥĶʥȴһͬѰҷ𷨣ѰķС
ͨʵʱ֤аӣˡ
߻ħֽһ̣ǷΪаٲȻΪһͨˣҪѰҵĵ·
ԭһֲ̣Ŀˣ
˶
һ֣־ͷаӡ
һȣ
û˸ȥ֣ڿʱͻȻһˣԵаӡ
ţһˣĿⶸȻˡ
ҶҶҪʲô𣿶ľ㣬ʹѣҲ
ΧȺУ۳ƹľ쳡ѩӵˡ
һŮӣǰǸӰεظľ˵˼䣬ס˼ףҪǰ
һ̣һܵġ
ǣľʲôû˵Ҳδһ£ؿҶаһ˫룬һ˿ġ
򾲣˴󲻽⣬ƺľ쳣̫ˣôҶҲһˣ£δ⣿
㣡
ҡҡλεаӣҶȵȻתҶʱҡͷЦ
Ҷͣ½Ųаӣҡҡͷаӣҩɾֿ鹫ӵĳоһжɡ
ЦģĵزܵɣҶȣңʥģһ֤ҵķаӼҶȣȻЩ⣬֪Ҷȵͨʮ򾲡
ֻ֤ʥļ֤һı磬аӣǱģˣӿʼעˣǰһҩɾǣ°ɣڣ³ҩɾȴɽ粻ȥʥҩɾԶԶ˦ˣòϣ
Ԫ֮Уҵͷŵӡǡ
ҶͻȻһץɨаӣһ⣬Ҷġ
ǵˣ㲻ܶ
һ̵ĸ֣ڵΪҶȶаӳ֣ٿȻһԵʯ֮䣬һͷһƣҶȵĺ󱳡
ƣҶ˿ǵĶ֡
ر˻У޷


֣ûҶȣԼһȻһѪӷףһ㣬ض
ϣеó֣վҲˣȡϧ
һƳʬ壬Ҷҡҡͷת¥ȥ
ʲôˣ
ǿ
֪ʲôֶΣڸֹԼˡͨΪ̫ǿˣ
ΧˣһƬۡ


1482 һʲô
һֵáϣ
аҶȥĮȻıӰغһ
ɱ㡭Ϊʥġɱ㣬ΪͲֵҶ֣
ҶͷҲص˵
áɱһ̵ˣ޿ֵ뿪
ͻȻ˿ˡ
һ̣һʲô
ҶٿȻתȻ档
һĻΧ֮ˣò˼飬Ŀࡣ
һ̣ɵķ˭ǣҶȸô裬ĬĬ뿪һ̿
Ѱ·
һ̣һɴǿ߾ۼķҶȴʱھ֮£һǷܰҶȴʮǧԶ
Ҷȴֱͦ޷Զؿʮһ̸֣һ˿ɵ
ëͷСӣ±£Ͳ֪ߵغ񣿡
סüƿʼһɣԱֳ֣Ȼһǿߡ
ಣ
˲ɷ˵˼ԭһͷų֮٣ڷ֮У⻷Ҷӿȥ
ƣҶڵĿռǰϵػѹƲˣһȦһȦγɾ޴˳
ҶСܵʵþˣ
ΧȺ֮У۳ƹӢ֮ϣ뾪ϲʶҶȣֻһӵǱӵӣʵͻͻͻشǿ˹ԼԼ䣬ͷžͷơ
ľһȻһЦ۳ƹӣ֤ͬҶȵĳɳȻ˽ҶȵĹȥΪȸǰҶȴС£͸¶

˶ƣѹȶ
Ҷ˫ĿУһף˫ͻȻȫûҪֵ˼һɷγǰ
žž
һһٸ֣ĵĹڷ֮ϣһʱˡ
ۡ
ΧˣܵӰ죬һգ۾ѵü˸ҹȻԿһ̡
ɢȥ˴˶վҶһɸ˫֣ԣϬ쳣
һǿߣ˿δҶȵķͬʬҶͻȻ˻˻عЦһһ⻷һٸ֮Уʧ
޿ܴռһʬ壬˵ɺ壬ƿܣȷǲѡ񣬻߽ŸҲ
ʩչͨ˲ϢͰǧͼҶȶʣ¼һ̸֣һЦ
ǿ
ľ쳾ۼ֣ǰءֶξ˵Ҷȣ֪ǿۣ޷͸ˣģҲһ޲ҸطȥȻ޷Զľ쳡
ΧУҶһɨһ̼ˣУһ治а֮Թ޹أپˣգ۾ˣ
һ̿ɲġ
ˣ˳ƽˮȴ͸ż֮ơ
һȺӬһֻһȺмһߣҶɨһˣ󷽣ֻʮ֣Ʒ
ǿƣƺѹһ㣬ǡ
һԮˡʲô֣ڷ֪Ϊʲô
ʱΧȺʼɢȥ¥ҲŴ󼪣ֵ֮Уѻȸֻʣ¶ľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӵˡ
ˣʱ˿ΣҪվҶߵġ
ʵľʵҲж٣۳ƹӵˣնɱһپͷ⡣
۱ǲˣ
۳ƹŵӣ޽֮еɣһ̲һܱȵùõţ
ӱ˵ľ쳣ı󣬿һԪĳϹŶһʮһ̣ҲҪˡ
ˣĸģ
Ҷһ˴澳УΪѣ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩǾԲ뿪ԱˣּҶȵʵҸĸ׳־ˣȻҲ뿪
Ҫһ֣̽¡Щܣ
ɱҽ֮ˣɷŹ
ʮһ̸ɱһаˣлٸ֣ʵѾѹľ쳵ˡ
ҶһƳˣмЦЦһȺϣ㣬۵ϹҲ֪˶٣
ಡ
ͻȻƺаӣץסһˣ˼Ҷ֮ʣץסᣬնȥ
׷ҽ̵ͽߣʮ֣׷ɱȥ
аӡˣϣߵѾ޷͸У߻ħֻ·һ
˫üһƳаӵҶѾģ벻˵޶ٵв塣
ȱ֣ЩֶΣɱСӼˣնɱΪǱѩޣ
ͻȻ֣ǰ֧ԮĶʮˣֹסͷһ׹⣬һţϵ
Ҷд١Ǹո̤٣һǧǰһǶ֣ôҶȣѾΪͷҲǵǸ˭ӵС
֮У۳ƹӿľ쳣С㣬㿴ҶСܣƺ֮ǰʶģһˡܸо࣡
˵
ľ쳴дд㵣ĬĬͬǰҶСܣأԼʱȴͱˣâǰɣ
ǰǿ͸ڸӿ͸ǵϴɱۻУǰԼ
ʱͬգôСطâ̼ƣΪӪɥڵ֣ܻ֮죬ӵ֤棬ڲͬӵеĳɹżȻġȻΪǿߣѾ統ǰزأΪǿߣӦͷųǿߵƣ
Խǣ
ʵ̡ܲΪǵѣģΪˣҶСӦòŹЩˣһһ̣ȫɱ⣡
š
۳ƹľ쳲ϰнţϣǾ㵣⣬ǼֻǼʡ

ȶ֣ʯ֮䣬ֳһʮƷһ³ꪣɭɭն϶ռʩչǿĹ״̬
һɾ޴ҶմϿգݺն¡
̫ˣ
ҶͻȻ΢΢һЦ
ʲô
˫ͫͻȻŴ󣬼ҶͫһŤУȻһǱʶһȻˣʧȥƽ⣬Ӱ¡
һǶʮ֣㳡һҴ⣬Ҳû֮ǰǷſ񣺡øԪΪ
ɱˣʼͷԪͨնɱ¥֣ǰ緢ڡҲַ֮ͬϡ
ɱǶԶ֡
ҶȻŹԼĵˣһӣ׿ܣͬȰ㣬طɳΧһˡ
˴ˣ
ɱ׿ܡ
͡
ǣһĻǶ޷ǡ
׿ܵٶҰԵһɨһ̸֣ûеֿƬ̣Դݿ֮ƣɱһڸ֣ף໲ҽС
ľС㣬۳磬ǿߣڳ½Χһ̵ĳԱҪͱѾ鷳ˣ
ʮ
һ˱׿ɱɾҰʬ壬֮УӡȵҶпȥ
Ҷһľ۳ƹǰȻɫ
˵ļǣһ涷ȥûкôľ쳵ͷһƳ漸ˣˣһͬա
ǿĸ֡
ɱһ̣ɱƺˡֶ죬СҶȡ
ֶ졭
ڰΧ֮ˣɵ÷һƬ꣬һ̣Ȼһɱһա


1483 ˮ
ͥ
ͥУһλ޽֮صУһӣ·зԾһձȭʹߣ

һӰһԶȴȻش۵ǰ
ǽʹߡ
ԭѶϤ
ʹشۣԼУ໥֮䣬û˭˭·ͬ߶ȣһɨشۣʹ߾ͺЦݣüͷչû뵽ͥһ죬ᱻ˴룬ķ֪Щһʧ࣬ͻˮ棡
ԡ׷СӴɽ硭شδй࣬ԿҲδɫ
ΪǷҲһİ񣬿ԶԿİɣ
˵ʹ߿Ц֪ðСӣõ˵ĴǧͼΪǧͼҲ׷֮Ī
ǧͼ
ʹһü䣬¶һݲɣâ䣺ˡøˣɽľͷΨҹͥǣܾߣƾŴǧͼȷɵ磬ҲκβԱ㻹δ
̫ңԶֻܿӰȻ׽Ϣһ׷٣ûκη֡
ȻֻڣȴӵһϢĴͨڶԿشۣǲǺϤһĻɴ۵ȾͷҲǶ٣ȴȻ񿹺⣬СӣΪҪ̫࣬ӵ˱¡
ɴֻ٣վڵ۷壬δ̤񣬵ﵽ˰ܸߵĸ߶ȣҲẳ칬˱ߵ巨СǿһЩʹõķҲУСӵõ屦Ȼᷢһܣһǡ
ʱõģҲûãΪ̫дǧͼʲôʹֻķݣԴ˵ļı˼Ȼ̫磬ܹ֮ڣشۣǷһͬǱͥģǻ𣿡
شͷͻͻɱ·޲ãϰҶնɱͽһֱΪʹ߰£
ϸ˹
ʹüһ˿ǣûġĽסͺˣһָ֣Ǳ꣬Ϊͥȡ꣬ǻõĵĽסͺȫ˻ģɽ磬ʹ˭֪ҵжһּƻεõ屦Сӣ֪ˡ
ءǹͥܣ꣬һֱû͸¶ȥǱ칬Щͷ֡شҲʼɫϵض
飬ֻлǵͻƿڣǵɱڡشʱʱ̿ʩչͨ׽ĵϢҲᰵϣһҪɽҵġ˹Ҫָ۹ϢͻȻҲҪע˹һһܾϢ̫ͻȻ˰Ǳ룬еʲôթ
˹
ʹȸˣġһ澣汾ʹ
ʹߴŷ߷ŭתƿʧͥ磬˵һô
Сӡ۴δܹ衭
ش۱ȭͣʧ֮תص֮Уŭգһջ񣬴ߡȪ֮Уȡҵʱҵ־ֻͨд߿ϴδ飬ΡϢȲҪʹߣȷ֮˵𡭡
ߡСӣҲҪҳ
֮Уһɱ

½
棬ǳأȻΪ˷棡
泤۵ĸ֣ͬʿ㣬ɭϵΧǧµˡ
ˣɱҽ̵ݻԣдȷϣһͬѲһŵӣ۳ƹӣһʮ֮ףľ쳣˶һе
һ򣬼泤۴󺺣һǰ档
ţ۴磬ǿľͷһ̣ʱΪУȫľ쳣ɱҽֵ֮˵ݣͷҽҲŹ
аӣӵзŵһ䣬Ի֮ҵȣôȫ׷ˣҪšʵ޷ɱˣ
һٵƣâ˸ҿ⡣
Щ½ˡ
ڣȻˣͲץҽ̵ţŹһʣ£طӡơ
͡
ܿ죬ǧˣΪ˵¹
һ½޽֮أˣϢ֮أȴϦ֮䣬ΪһƬŵķ档

޽֮أһƬ籩ʱ֮Уһصʿռ䡣
δ˹Ҫ۹λãǰַǴ޽֮룬һΪ½ĵط
һаˣڿռϢ
ľҶȣһ˿ҶھŶľ˵
½ŴһЩȻͬ޽֮κεʿռ䣬˿½޽֮ѹƣľ쳽˵
ƺǰû½Ҷ˼һȴδʲô
ȷǰڣ⣬ȻǱͷӡֻǴ˹ͷֵһأֻڲŹ֮ڰˣٶȣ½жʱգܵѹҪ²ܵ
ֶڲʣãҵ񣬱޽֮ռԴ޽֮ؽµĸҵʱܶ࣡
ֶ֮䣬ȸ˵֮ǰΪִϣֶ´ͣԺΪֶɽһֱţֶޱȣû˼֣֪
۵ȷҪ޽֮ؽţҲ£һ˹ϢбҪȥ棬պѧϰĴûᣬԺкܴã
ҪԶ;Уһ·֮ϣ֪ٵ⣬ǺúϢһ󡭡
˽֮󣬱ȣıУϢ
֮
˷޽֮صĻɫգϵϷУѹԽԽˣ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩҲЩƣˣҲп˵ֻҶȣһֱɫ
ಡ
һƬ籩ʱϷͻأɹһȺܵĸ֣һһٵĴڡ
ǡǿ
۳ƹһɨͣ˵һ˶ĺĻ
ǿﶼУ޽֮صǿʮֿ£ֶβ̣֪ɱ˶٣޽֮ˡ
ȴƴܡ
ӡ׷ǲţ
Ƶͷӵһ֣²Ϸɶգҿһۡ
齣
ݣ
ʮǵĺ󷽣հ㣬ź֮⣬
ۡ
̫޽֮ѹȣ׾٣ͻǿգһǵͷӣҲֲ˲Ϊأ׹籩֮С
ӡˮ
ľһԱ߼ˣҲסƺû뵽޽֮һ֡
ˮ
ҲõģҶˮй飬ɱ޹֮ˣֻǿŮ֮Уе
ľתÿ˵ͷ˼ƶĿ⣬Ȼɳ籩ոʧĵط
˿ǰɫգһƮƮŮӣ޽֮ѹȣ·̤ƶǰһ֡


1484 ǿΧ
ҶдһڴӡˮøӣҲΪɱ飬ȻɱǿŮֶΣίʵ£
ԴֶһˣͰֶɳɽϵ
ϫӣ
˫ʥΪ֮뿪ɳɽϫõӵΪ˫ʥĵӣպΪȻǿɡ
˫ʥҹҹɱˮȻϫպҲҪԸˮ
ҶȣҪͽϫӣţ
ˮϣӦףҶڴ취ɳɽӴȻӴˣˮ
ľӣ
ӣ鲽¶˿棬ĸ񣬴һȻ
ľ쳴ӣȭһЦˮ㣬Ǵ۽磬û뵽һýֶΣΣˣ
ˮʾ⣬ȻɨˣȻĿҶͣƬ̣
ȥ½ɣڴ㣡ľӲδ󷽵ˣһһܣΪˮϲ֮ˡ
ˮ㷢Ϫˮ˫ͫǹ˸¶Ŷ⣺ǸϿ뿪ǰӣɱˡħ֯ձǿΣһıɳɽһλʦãɱЩˣ£
ħ
˲ɫǶľ۳ƹӣҲ¶һ˿ɵ
ˮɫࣺħͨ󣬻ΪѾһͷ޽֮أ׺֮ˣӣȥҪ꼰أ
ȷħűּħħħںһ壬ΪһµĴڣħҴóһ׷֮
ľٿȻˮˮ㣬޷ЩǿȻӵħֲµϢϢӴпܱħӦǾ뿪ҲҪ
С˵ļǣħɱ׷ɱһͷ޽֮ɺܴĶЩһȻᱻɱǣ֣Щ־Ϳ԰쵽
ʱ۳ƹӽ˵
ˮ۳ƹ΢΢ףҲʶ۳ƹӣֻǺٽˣһᣬȻ˵۳ƹ˵ȻˣǻͬУҰǻ½ȻնɱħǱ㲻ܵκв
ã鷳ˣæӦ
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻˮ֮ǰգһƬ𶯵
ˮָĮŵĿ⣺ħҵϢֻǱɱֶΣѾΧɱ
ˣƺɫ
ľ侲ˣ¡뿪ûܣҲ޷⣬Ȼˣϧɱ˾ɱˣ
۳ƹվˮӣնɱ
ã
༸ˣֻӲͷƤӦΨһѡ
ǺãǾȺҪģ֮Ужٵĸ֣ԸǶԸһٱɣ󷨣Լͷͷǣ
ˮ˵գһɽС
˿̣ΧͻȻһɼ꣬˿Ϯ춼ǣ
ƣ
ˮչֳǿߵϰգһৼ£ӳ佣һɹɽֱļ֮ϣ˲ƻм
ˮǿ˹
졭󣡡
·һһӡһ󷨷˲Ϣ֮¡
䣡
ڷϣҵıը֮ڰˣڸǸֶͨΣЩǱδܵӰ졣
ΧɱˮŮˣҹ
ٿȻٵͷͷŹ֮ͻȻƶ˳ΧˮͷһԵ
ٸ֣ںһ𣬿һٸ֡
ϴѾΧˮֵ֧Ԯ
ͬʱһַһ

ˮ£һʥʥ࣬Ӷֿ⣬һܿס˹Ҳûκơ
Ȼˮƺδȫ򿪡ӦڵȴħԵ
֮УҶһͷŽ磬ˣĺܽʵˡ
ҶȻûͷͨΧ˶֤һ˺նɱһ̵ĸ֣ħһ̣ʲô
ƺУһֻҪҶڣƽ¡
ҶСܣħʮˣˣħʵޱǿ󣬶ҲöԸǵСģ
ľ쳿ƽţȴû˿ҡ
ţɴ⣡
ҶȻּĬʵɲ˱¶ǻˮ
󣡡
Ȼʮײеɱʮһٸִͷ˶ڡڣֳҶȵڵ󷨷һͬ
¡ɲ
ľ쳹ϿˣӰĹ㣺Ű򣬻һһ湥λЩ֪ǿɲӣ
ᣡ
˵˶Ĭ飬һͬӡһΧǿͷųһȻǿ޷һ
ֱըˣŴ
ۡ
߿գ
ǿͷͷ֮һȻһţ߳Ǻޱˮ
㡢㡭ˣͷʧֵˮ޲ϰԵϧһɣͳʬ
ɱ
ˣ޷׽ˮ٣֮ͬΧɱͨ뷨ϣƴѹ

ˮָһץݺݵһϡﻩĿʼ飬ˮץסᣬɳǿͷͷɱ˾ܱȣɲǼ䣬һɹɶڣΧ⣬ˮ
ɣ
޴ڣƺ͵ȴţˮӴгȻĴ
ˮʼڶ֮УĴ
ȿȡ
֮УѩһŮӣͬؿԣ󷨴ѹйƣӰ̫󣬱۳ƹӡľ쳣̫ˡ
ָ̫
ľǳҶȣ֮УΪǿһˣҲʵǿģ۳ƹӣҲ
һɹɼԦյӡ֮⣬һɹɰԵϢָӡ
䣡
һָӡ޵ӿ֣ڼʮӪ֮УһЩڡڵָӡظץֱѹ촷ۡ
ռͨҲҪû뵽Ⱥ֮У˻ƿؿռͨ
ľ쳵ֳͨ޴Чʮ˱նɱʣ֮ˣˣ˵ֻʮһٸ֣ûܵӰ졣
ľ㣬ƺʲôƣ
һŮӣͷ˵
ţǳƿȻиֶΡһҪģ
ľҲЩ
ʲôζ
Ȼ䣬һ֮⣬ȻԴ֮УͷųѩӵһӦ
Ŷ
ҶҲһδӦκεΣգô͸
ǵģ
ôһзǳͬ
ȷйζԽԽŨң֪ˣʲôֶΡ۳ƹһɨҶȣֿľӣǿֶΣκζʩչܴĿģǱаħӵĿ£ʤ


1485 黨ɢ
ζԽԽ㡭
ѩӶס˶Ǽ⡣
ҲҪ񣬵ΧˣǸ赲ǣľ쳷֮ȫƽʱǰ㣬Ȼ˫ֿʼӡ
䣡
һɹ޵ָӡӰƵģ֮ӿֹ֣һǰϢӿָӡնɱ
һŮӣͻȻֹͣӡ󲻽ؿľ쳣ҵƺļôойȵζ
Ҳоƺе㷢ȡ
һŮӣɴ㵵˵
˹졭뿪ӡٴɣͨڵģ
ľ쳼ʶһ׼Ů״
ǡ
ǸŮӣȻӣʼ糺죬ŷһ㣬ʼ̱٣ȣȣӺڵ⡭ҵϣܿƣȫߣݳˣƤˣ
㡭ҲǡѩӾҲ޷΢΢б˫ֲؿʼ¸Ȼ·⿪ɼʶģľ쳣¶ɬ㡭ȫԽԽȣĺȣԽԽ죬޷
ôľ쳴δ״
ȡҪ·ȣҵƤҵӣ̫ˣҡĿʼʹ࣬ܣһŮӣʼ̲ס⿪¿ۡ
⡭
۳ƹӣ˼ȥѾǲòҵ취ƽ⡣
ǡϿӡ
ҶĴ˵
˺ѩŮҶˣľ쳿ʼ߶˵ΪȻŮҪۺĶࡣ
ǡ
ãҵȻ޷ƣҸоƮƮģƺҲڷȡԱӸոսӡ޷߶
С㡭
Ҷľ쳣Ծؼľ쳾ȻҲһƺ죬סϵ˫ְסţǺѾʼʪ½һʼǺ죬ɷǶˡ
ֵܡҲ
Ҷߵ۳ƹӣͻȻҲ޷ͷðһơȫʧ
ٿ
γɵ󷨣ͻȻʼʧ˾سʮǿǰǼľ쳵Ůӣһ࣬ʼҪ⿪ѣһ¶⣬ͻһؿ
ѵ
ԺͻȻڷһĻһƳľ쳡ѩӵˣҶȾͰԾڷ磬һЩɻһЩ֮ҩιŮӷãɴȻʵʩѵЩĶҲɽ磿
̫ˣЩѾǵġ黨ɢ޷߶ȫȷ̣ȻΪһСӸ߹󲻿ӣΪǵΪǷйĹߣ
ǿѾżǰˣᣬھǾ͵ĴЦϡ
黨ɢҶһȻˡ
һǸͷӵĵҶȻţΡȻһиСӾȻֲܼ⼸УʵǿģϧСӣ黨ɢΰħϴħڴĽֹ䷽Դ߶ŮһߵŮ굴ӣͬ߶޷߶黨ɢ֪Ը˶ٵˣʧȥκֶΣնɱ֣
һȺǿߣŮŮã÷Ըǣ黨ɢһȺڷ棬˼£֮ϣǳ֣󶼳Ϊ˷ˡСӣ黨ɢҩɽ⣬һ˾綾ҪŮӽϣĸˣǲŲ̣ˣЩֵܣһܣȻǲܻԺ󣬻ᱻҹ֣

ǿǶЦ

ѩӲţ־˫ֱͫסԼʹ尾ɱңɱҡ
ǲšŮҲʹޱȡ
۳ƹӣѾûǸݣ黨ɢҲ쳣ʹ࣬ؼ޷߶
֮УֻҶһûз
һȺӣɣ
ͻȻһŮӣֶվһճ֣ԱǿͷͷΧɱס޷
ͣ
ǿܲòʣˮУ˲ˡ
ץסǣӡǣеɱˣգһͷӵɭɭЦ
ǣ
ǿǣſħצˡ
һͷɫǣ黨ɢ⡭ӳȥҲûа취ľ쳼ѹʹ࣬˼붯øոջָԵı
һ߶ĵûһԻ
ǣ黨ɢ⣬ջ·һ
С㡭ҪҶһᡭ
ҶͻȻվľ쳵ͷľͬ޵Ļ䣬δйָܵ޲ط죬ȥ
ֵܡСģ۳ƹʮָƤץѪˣǿĿţû뵽ɽ꣬ȻԵֱֶ֮¡
ߣ
ҶȻ뱩¶ʵһ߶һ⻷סˣռٷȥ
û뵽СӣȻܼȥ׷ܲ˶Զ黨ɢͻᷢ
ǿ˲׷ȥ
еĹ⻷֮У
Ҷһ˷Ϊ࣬ŮһһͷŽ磬޷Է
£ľ쳡ѩλòŮ޷ӣҶȣҲ޷סϵҸʼ⿪£һݰף٣·ȼܻ档
ҪҪң
һŮӣǲٿƣ֮ǰôˣԣֻҶȣѾ޷ʹ࣬ȫ⿪£¶ǷɫǶͤͤ˫壬Уϵҡ
ʹţҶȡ
ٿ
ҶͻȻһָͷ֮ϣֿľ쳡ѩӣһŮӣˣ촽ҧѪѾ޷ҲؿҶȣɼ
ҪңҶӣҿµӣ㡭նɱһʱӢˣһֱ޷ǣҪˣ㣬ڣ
ҲǡһŮӣ͸ˣɱҶȣۼ֤Ҷȵǿ
ܸӣ˿ίǡ
õģõһԵڵԻ֮У̺黨ɢȽ֮УͨҾۼһ߶
Ҷλ磬ò˫ӱף˿ûжҡеĵģһ̣Ů̳Χ
ǣһѾܵ£˫ͫΪʹ࣬Ѫ˿һֱȥջѪɢ
ಣ
һ⣬ҶȷһӣʱΧŮ
ټŮĳ£ʪˣҶȣĽѣ
ŮĺȻʼһ鿪ʼ¶⣬һ񣬱˴ּԼ̻¶ӣǶȥæסҪλ޲һֻ̣һʶѡ
ҶȴںһУ߶ͨǵ֮С
һŮͿҿ黨ɢ綾Ƴ
Ȼ󲿷ֵ黨ɢ綾Ҷڣ̫һ̾ˣ˿ûκų⡣
лл
ѩӼæ£ɫѾͻȻƻô꣬ǵһΣʧ̬޷԰Σһӵǰ
ؼӣĪ⣬ʵͨŮˣ


1486 ħ
ﲻ㣬ڵ黨ɢ󲿷뷨֮Уҿлָ
ҶȺȻվһͿ˽硣
ʣŮѵ
һʱֻǵ޷ԿأԺҶȷƸĻ档
һУ
һѪܵӣ۳ƹӣʹ࣬ȫѪӣѾʧȥǣһɢ
û˰ǣˡΪˣ󱩱У
ᡭ
Ҷȳֶ˿۳ƹӣֿ֮⣬ٷеĽ磬Ȼ˫һᣬһͰˡ
ҲҪģõһԻκʣ黨ɢȻҲȽ֮УȻ˵񾭣ѹɣ
ӿڣ㿪ʼǿͨӦе黨ɢ㿪ʼա
ֵܡǼʱ۳ƹӣ𽥵ѹѪѿʼֹͣɫʼָ
лˣҶֵܣӣ֪ûҶȵֶΣǻΪʲôӣʱҶȵֵܿ
ϵл⡣
аħֶΡȥ˲һʧɹһأǶǵģش壡
Ҷͬׯϵʥߣ˵ҶȰ£˿ʼеָһЩڵ黨ɢ綾ʧ˴󲿷֡
ʼǵĵ𵤣ϵش߶Ѳ黨ɢ綾һرƳ⡣
ں׷ʹλЩָʩչֶΣﺦȺ֮ɱһ
ҶȼתԿʼ߶Ҳͷͨһ֣ʧŮڼǰѾվһɫ
ˣ
һŮӣŭ˵
ã
Ҷȵͷ֮󣬱ӡȻٷеĽռ䣬ʧˣˣڿյĴǷ籩Ļɫա
ɱ
󷽼ʮǿײе׷ɱ
䣡
Ǹո׷ͻȻͱĹɾӸ߿ľ쳴źѩӣӣͷųǿͨͷųһٵľ쳣ﵽ˶ٵʵ
Ҫҡ
ˣͬȹϵϡ
ܣǲܽ⿪黨ɢ綾䷽ֻϴ֪ܣɱ
ǿɱۣʼǿǿǶľ쳵˵ʵѾԽǣǰһǼ˱նɱ
ܿ죬ʣ¼һٸ֣Ӳдš
ݣ
󷽣ӣǺ飬ֱͷųǿĹӵ󷽹ȥǰľ쳵˹
Щǿϵ䡣
ȻЩ˶汾£ֻжδ¶ͨڣͳһߣͬ飬˵ǵԶ֮ǰǷ谭
Ҷδ֣ɱţ
Լһӹеһڸ߿ۣľ쳻ָ֮ǰǸĮ֮䣬ٻЩӰңЩǿ㻯еŭ𣬼ȻˣͲøˣ黨ɢˮӻǿ֣ǲܾô뿪һͬе
ã˭֪һΣûһ˺һҲٱͬӦ
е뷨ܣľ쳶һġ
ܴ裬ܾˡ
ҶˣһҿҪСģȻǿ֣κι˼ɣˮڣħȻԸֻҪԸһЩСͷͷͿˣ
ӣΪģ˵ô죬Ǿô죡һŮӣѹŶҶȵİĽվһߡ
һӽŵҶֵʵǿһֱδʩչ롭ǶԸħҶֵܶǾҶֵΪף
ԣҲ޳ɣľȻһЦû뵽һ죬ô͵ǰҶȣ񣬷Ҷȴ
һΣûҶȡ
áΪ˷ֹ黨ɢǵøСģҽ÷˷ӡ򣬴Ҵ߶ӡ򣬾Ϳ԰黨ɢľ綾Уٴж߶ӡҲ黨ɢ綾
ҶȲѣʲãһץ߿৷С
һʧ۳ƹɭɭ˵
ĿҵᣬӣնɱǿͷͷҶףȻȷǰ
ľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӵˣ̸ȥÿһˣǿıɱ֮ģʹ
ӣòŮӣǵ黨ɢ֮Уܼס
ɫ߿գͻȻһٶǿ֮УһƯĺɫ꣬Χˮϵع
˷գһǿҵĻ㣬ʢֻ䣬
ƺһּΪĹֶΣסˮ޷ͻƴƺ֪ܴвԱɣ޷ڣ߶ϹҪͻһٶɵĴҲô׵ġ
ֹͣɣ޷״̬£Ҫ߶ʩչͨɼˮѹжôˡ
ɫ
ͻȻһӴϷһŮӳ֣˲ûһٶǿ
ˮ㣬ץסᡭ
ͬŭŵĻ䣬ʱеռƵģ޷ɳ㽻ռ֮С
Ŀռ
䣬߶һٶǿвٶ٣ֶΣֻٲžС
ˮֵһһŮɫƶ߶һɺһͷţᣬ飬ɫռںϣ֮һǿ

ǿʵˮ̫ˣһ濹黨ɢ綾һͷǿǿ󲿷ֶᣬǿһ˶ˣͷӡ˲飬ҲӴ֮ڷ
ľãû¾ͺã黨ɢǻ⣿ˮ˲ϢľҶǰ
áպһڵ黨ɢָͨ򡭡޽֮ض꣬̫ˣľɱݺᡣ
ݣ
ʱ·ɫռ֮Уʮٸڷ۳ƹӡѩӵ֣ÿֱͷǿ󹥻ɱ޷ӳǿ׺˻ӣϲҽУնɱ
ˮû뵽㻹ֵܼڡ
ͻȻռƣһմ͸
ˮһգ·ѾʲôڰУħ
Ŷ
ľɫҶһͬˮӵķ
ʵ٣ʵﵽ˳ԽжεĵزԲ֣ˮˮۺ쳣һֱδȫʩչڹʩƣħĲ㣬Ȼ١
УҶͷųǿӦһжǧ֮⣬һٶǿߣһźɫë۵ˣͿԵ
ȻǾħ
Ҷȸӹĵǡˮ
ˮ˫ʥɵ֣ɼʵѾﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣߡĲ£ʮԶԽħӿʼһĵ״̬Ϊ˰ħ
ĻҶȶò࿴

ֻǰɫգһٶǿپȻʮˣ󲿷ֶһ٣ֻȼˣǰź۵ˣٵΪ
ǿϢ
۳ƹӵˣľ쳡Ҷңˮֱֱħŭ


1487 ǿˮ
ħŵĺۣŲ£ŭ˲ǰ

ǿգ۾ͰΧˡ
ˮŮˣ׷ٵ㣬ΧɱҲ£ŵñð
ҪӣħΪǿߣ壬޼ɵͷֱˮȥ
Χǣ׷Ӧҡźϴ䣬׽ˣΪֵǱ𣡡
Ի
ˮ˲Ϣγɣδŭ·еһУһȺ߹²
ħŭɶ˫ĿԲɣüɱ˽ˣԸЩϣ˭ץŮģ͹˭еġͳͳˣ

һȺǿɶһǿߴ죬һٶˣɶħµľӢײеҶȡľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӵˡ
ǸСģϳƷħɱȺӣ
ˮһɨˣʱħڸ߿նʱһɾ޴ĳը޽֮ʱնڲ
ɳɽӸ˵ֶ콻ʶΪϫҸأͶΪˡʱҪάֹϵ
ʱ˿̣˱ǿΧһγ󷨣߶Ե汾£ͷŹ󷨣赲
Ҷ룬һֱδ֣߿գˮħֵĳԺ㲻˼
ССһȺϣмӣҺ䡭󷨡
УǿߣżƯָӲ²Ϲ磬˵ʵﵽ˶۷塣
Ҷȣ˵Ƕľ쳳ó̫ĵ
һ׺ǿҶȲδʩչƽ״̬ﵽ۷壬ǿ⼴ɡ
Ҷֵܣ̫ȺǿֶҲͬѰҪְʱ֮ڣ⵽ֳή״̬һӣżɫҶȡ
ˣҲ¶顣
ãʩչÿһܣﵽһ۷ϴңԸЩǿ
ȶҶȿʼӡȻһܣϵشͷųҶȵһʩչԪٿϢɳ󷨡
֮Уʱʮܣܵǿ˿һ̸֣Ĵʩչһ˽һˣǿ
߿գҶȵѾƯһɾ޴ײеϿա
ˮʵҲֲ٣ҵڣӵĻǿ̫߹Լˣ
ħŵش֮УԽһɹɺڰħϰγһѹˮĺ
ˮ뿿ħֹţֻʩչһħ֮ϡ
ˣħҲǲΪӪ
ͬΪͷһ֣¶˿ţпܳΪʤܹؼ
ˮ˲֪ĵ̣˫ʥȻ֪ɵ㣬ʵ²ֹڴ˰ɣ
ν֪֪ˣս
Ҷʩչڸߴ͵ϮħģҪпˮֶΣӶõõĴ𰸡
ˮۺѣħѹƣĹ˿ҲѷɫսԽŲԶ·Ƭսա
ţζ
УҶȲ˽ʱգȻ䣬˽УͷһɵĻ㡣
ҶٿȻһ̫Ϥˣ黨ɢ
ħ黨ɢûãֶΣҶ˽黨ɢ֪˱ֶΣ˶ٵŮӣˮ֮ʱƺҲŵζݺһħ

ħͷǿħɵѹХ黨ɢɲһ㣬ͨʮֹҩǿٵŮˣҩ֮ϣרΪöɣ˾綾ٺú㣬㹲ɽˮ֮ұҪһﵽ˫֮
룡
ˮֹͣɣȻΧĴ컨ʮˮҴһ£ʼ컨
Ǳ黨ƶɵͨͨ黨ɢһֿͨͨӴƤڡˮΪƣ͵ţ°ɣ
һɹħִħͷų
ʱħͷųħĺڷﶯıӣȻͻӣγĺɫ·ճΪһ˰ƴһ״̬
ңֱۣһ׶೤ĺɫëװΣϳġ
ħҪʩչǿˮѹ˿ᡭ¡ˮҪó汾˰ɣ
ħûΪ壬ҶĿ˲Ϣˮϡ
˿ȫ澳
磡
ٿȻħʩչ
˫ۻӶһ˺ѰĿºɫ磬ͨУһһ澳еˮͷŶȥ
ƣ
ˮһ񽣡
ͬһͨ͸УȻɣרһ㣬統һնɢȥ
ΧĴ컨ʼӿ塣
һп黨ɢ綾ôӲħħ֡

ˮĿޱȣӫƻһȼգΧĴ컨һֱӸɣոɾ
ơ
ħֹͣͷ磬ЩǰһĻİضˮʵôڲϵ
ΪҷӡԼΪɳɽĵһӣѵûݺ޽֮صĵħ̫Сɳɽˣ
ˮе񽣣ϵؿʼΧĿռ䣬Ҳʼʲô黨ħҲһһʼᡣ
ߣˮ´αŹ㡭
ħϾͷãȻ֮󼪣Ķ˫ۣٶͬǣԭһ
ǿŮˡˮʵԽ٣΢΢ﵽ˰ĵزһΪǰ֮УǿĴڣֲ޽֮أ֪ɳɽжĵӣ
صҶȣˮһףΪΪپͷ˫ʥ˼ɵˮ
¾˫ʥҲһаգսʤˮ
߲ˡն
ħգ۾Ͳˡ
ˮδ˿⣬ƺѾ֪ħٶȣ񽣣գһս
ҲвĿռֶΡ
Ҷּˮһͨ
ۡ
ԶĳͻȻһУֻһɺϵתħţ˴룬һš
ɱˡֶΣ
Ϊﵽһ߶ȵʱ򣬿ɱˣȻ⻹Ƿ磬ʿƿصֶΡ
ɽ磬ǿͨĸɱˣǾңԶһ˲ɱ
ˡС㡭лᣬŹ㣡ħһϢѾûжëǰ𽥵ؿʼ
ܿܣб£ҲԹ㣬ûǸ¡
ˮһħǰаװָյħüģˣһȫ
ΪһȥǿޱȣΪܣΪŵͨĶ󣬶Ԫ񡭡Զڷ֮Уҹҹĥ
ˮָһವһΪ˵ħΪΣʧ


1488 ּƶ
ͰħɱʵȻǿһȣʵҪǿһЩ
Ůˣ治򵥡
֤̣ҶһˮһΪˣƱǸֵͬˣôһ޴Ԯ
ϧǵѣҶȿȥġ
˲Ϣ䣬˵һѣһ̡ǵˡ
ˮȻָϢȥһߣȴûնɱħ־

Ҷʧȥɲ룬ˮȥ֮ʱˣһֱڰһһ
һѣˮͻص߿ա
󷨣ֻһٶǿһ֮࣬ʣ¶۷壬ǶٵĴڣ֮Уľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӡԼҶȵˣʮҶһģһĿܣֹȻƣ㻹ܷ
Ǹӡƺֶĵӡˣɽ罻ʱֶξϫӣΪˣǵҶȣ
ˮ˫ͫУһ󺮹⣬ȻҶϣǰСΪﵽڣʵȴʩչʮʵﵽһٵĿܣôʵﵽ٣
ڡӵжٵ
ֶ쿴صĵӣ־ˣȥͷҲΪɱǰĴڡڶľӣΪȻֻһ٣ʵҲﵽ˶٣ӻеδʩչҲԴԴϣЩˣ꿡ܣˮûܷ֣һɨսû˿ĵġ
ˮ㣬ҵһ֮
ˮٴοʱľ쳺Ȼ̧ͷգϲüңһ䡣
ʲô
ΧΧǿŶľȥˮһɵҪҪǣˮˣħ
ʣħѱˮ¡
ǡӡ
ϴӣ
ʮٸ֣Ļ˼ȥ׷һͬͷڹƵģͷȥ
ЩϣǡŮ𣿡
ˮ˫ĿһᣬȻĺԶʮգһһ٣ߵǿա
˲䣬һƬţֻѪζڿ֮С
ˮȴն
л
ж´ڻعһսǶﵽ˾ͷһ֣Ĵ
ˮȻǵл⡣
ˮΪһеٮٮߣ鹫ӡħĴڣ˿СڣĮȻصͷ
࿴˼ҶȣֻҶȣȥôƽ˿ۣ޷ķâ
ѹһλȥ½ɣ
ˮºòϣͬξһ㣬ȴξӵĮľ쳵ŮӣҲжԻ
ξ䣬飬һȻ̶ɵʣˮǻγԸξ񣬿Ը࣬ȻֽȻͬ
ˮ籩ʱգߴշȥ
֮Ѿ޽֮ռ䣬Ȼѹ֮ÿ˶оˣˮҲһǯơ
½ǰ輸칦򣬴ҽҪСģ½һƬʱ֮ʱʱռ䶼𶯣֮ɱپͷԴҪʱʱ̿עκζ
߿Уˮͬӣڷ籩֮УǰʱգȻֹƵģһһ飬ʱʱͻζһ¡
ಣ
˼ǰ
ɶ񡭡
ѿռ֮£ռ䣬ڲϵĦγһĦռ䣬һˣպñĦռ䣬ĦγɵУ
棬ʮֻ֣ܰװ׸ɵۡ
УһòãʱӢ꣬ͷöͬУ޿κΡ
ƶ磬ֵܾܿôȥôҲҪһ£
ԣЭֵܾȳ
ʮ֣ڣһٵĴڣǷ׷׿òƺȫĹƶѡ
ƶͷǾ;ΪҲҪСģǿĦռ䣬̺ɿռһģǶУ
ᣡ
߶
ƶƮƮӢ˫һ֣һץһⶾϵںϣγһɫͷһаϢϵ죬㶯ռ롣

㼯а֮УʼոսӴĦռ䣬Ȼһεѹ飬ᣬƬ̣ͷ󺹣ֿʼγɺɫ
ҹƶ޽֮أٴˣû뵽졭Լͬ飬޷ȳ
һԣ˶ûģʵںռ̫֮ޱߣԿġ
ƶ
ĺȻӺ󷽣һŮӵ
ǡӣ
ƶһգȫӪ֮ͬϣǸӦķǵˣǾˣƶֳϲģ
ٿȻתͼľˮˣ˴
ȻӡУˮƶľ쳣Ļŭţּˮûһ˿Цݡ
ˮֵܵ
ƶ棬һһٵаǿߣˮɱ·ˮž޴Ѫ
ˮ
аˣҲˮС
а֮ˣ˵֮ˮУմ˲ٵа˭ұ𶼿ԣˮ޶ãȫаˣС
ľ֮䣬˫һ壬һаԹаܻɸΪ񲯡
ƶڲʱǺͬ飬Ӫ˵㣬ɾ鷳ˣ
ãͷλˣƶ󷽵رȭȫһаˣǿݵЦݣ֪Ե֪Ů
ᣡ
Ҷȡ۳ƹӡѩŶľ쳣ˮ˶ʼͷ֮ͬС
һʱ䣬ɿռĦ£͸Ħռ䣬Ǹˣͬץסһ㣬ȫץ
ϧ˶ֹ֣
̫żΧһɶ˺պû壬˲ΪһŽ̿
ֵܡ
ƶˣһ޾ɡ
ˮˡ
ĺȻʮа֣ȻԹйˮϣɱԹˮ
ž
ٿȻһ֮Ȼƶˣ޷Ӧ£ɨ˹ƶÿӣʺİӡ
Բѷ֮ˣһй̤ҵĵߣ򡭡
˶סˣˮһЦƶҶҪնɱҪΪɱ㣬ɹ٣Ҳɵߣ磬ʵΪиֵҲɱ㲻󣡡
Ҫ
ơ
а֮ˣĸܣǹƶȴ߳һסǣһ̣ƶֳΪ޽֮شеĳ죬΢΢Ȱ
ľӣνаǲа̾һ½ѾܽˣϹƶ԰㣬ûʲôˣء
ಣ
գۣˮʧȥ
˳𲻱Ϊˣа֣ŭɶ
㣡
ƶͻȻͷɭɭĿ⣬һɶ˫ͫȻһȣ˶ʵתľ쳡۳ƹӵʩǰһϢ֮أв˾ۼаħ֮˶УȥϢƬ̣


1489 ŵֹ
⣬պ·£һֱδϢ۳ƹ֪ƶһֱĽŶľ쳣վľ쳽֡
עķ
ƶЦݣƺ֮ǰʲôδ
޽֮ǲһκ飬ѹ޷뷨
ˣǿµġ
ƶһһÿʾ⣬Ҷʱȴ̫İϲɱۻϣҶȣϷˣһѡ
ϳҶȣҪɡ
˰죬ʽ붯ʱգʱпռ䷢𶯣µ֮η
ƶֵܣ
һĿռ䣬ûжٷ籩Ȼһ磬ƯУռʱ󷨷ɳ
ӣ󷨣ĵѣöɣҪȥ½ˣһһΪˣ
ƶͷ֣󣬽֮УûκεΣϢֻˣϢ
ƶһʾƶֻжľ쳣ʱʱΪһȻһȺа̸֮̾أһһʼϢ
۳ƹӣɰ
ոϢͲǰ۳ƹӡѩӵ˴кˣһ
ˣγɼӪһаһħһһƱ涼Ϳʮڰ
λֵǣ
ָֻ֮˰ƶ۳ƹӡľɵ֮ͤУȻƶֶľǰҶȴߣɵúһʡ
λֶӣҶȣľ쳹ܡ
ҶȣƶҶ֪ľ⣬ƶҽܣҲ¶š
ƶ֣ͬѰ㣬Ҷ˫ְ£ֶôǺǣеĳһţ
ֶӡˣȻҪаΪ顭
ʱһӪУаˣǲΧȻҶԱţȻһΪм
ȡ
ƶҪ̣վҶߣһһۣȺˣò첻ԡ
ֻиĵ֮аˡ
ƶˡ
һȴһһЦ
Ŷ
˶ѭȥԭħһӪƶһɨͻȻһɫ멵Ϊ˭ֹӣֻСˣڰǷǣ
ֹӣ
ӪˣؿħӪС
ľҶȴֹӡ޽֮Уħһʵƶ£ͬҲģ
𣿡
ֹӣҶȿ𱻺סͷòħȴ¶ı飺ֹӣΪѾﵽ١ʵеһ㣬ƶǲ࣬˶޶Ȼй˽𣡡
ƶ
ħӪУǸˣվҲмʮվҿʱ¶һѪƵаգǰʲôǣ̤٣Զ֮ϣԺңһ㣡

˲䣬аһĸ֣ȹƶڣվ
ˣƶ£кεȵı֡
ƶȴһЦ޶

ֹӲмЦûõļһϴɱۻУ㻹һСӣϷˣˣ㿴ΣߵĶľ쳣ָһСӣģҲ֪ûרϲЬϲЬ˶һƣ

˻һħ˶޼ɵĴЦ
ֹӣ̫˰ɣ֮£αذ˳ĺȻƶƺҪ
ֹӡ
ľͻȻһɨڿҶľʲôˣԼ֪ݲָָ㣬Ȼûҡ
ֹ޼ɵ˫һӣżָָ㣺һŮˣʲôʲôʮӣһȺˣſ޽֮ȥ
ɱţ
ˣڴƶȻǶľ쳣۳ƹӡ
ǣ˭Ҳ벻һӵС˳
Ҷȡ
ϣһСָͷ԰ѹֹɱ⣬ħħ
Ҷ˺桢ЦĿ⣬һ㣬ƵĿ⣬ֱֹӵϣֹӣҲ˵¶ľС㣬ֿҵ񡭡˵Ҫֽѵѵ㣡
Լֹȫŭˡ
ҶȡƶͻȻعֹӵĶԹȻѶľ쳳ҶȣȻҶȥԼֵֹӡ
ȥ
ľȴĮ֣һƳƶ
ľصؿҶȣз蹷ҽУҶСܣ޽֮أⷢӰɣֹӡҪɱɱ㣡
һڵСӣǿߣ
󲿷ˣ治ѡ
֮ǰֶӡӡ֮Уֶھɽ磬ǿĺܣ޽֮أȴûʲôӰ
˻ɻۡ
ûᡭȻҪ޽֮أţȾҪͷλʦ㡢ʦֶ޽֮ŬҲÿʼΪ졭ֹӿҵΪôﵽһٻǶΪȻֶôһӣ֪鷳
˼Ƭ̣ҶȾٿȻɳȻڸ߿գϢʧˣôͨһɶɽ֮ڽ֮ϣ壬ٿȻɽ֮
һ١
գҶͷŵĶɽ֮˶ⲻѡ
ԭ˲ףҶڰϻһ٣ȴΪڵϡ
ǣһ٣ٶ֣
ۡƶЩ⣬ԭҶȻһǿߡ
ֹӣǳȥ֣ƻˣӰϢҶȵһȻԷɳ

ֹӴһħ֣Źƶľ쳵ˣһͬɳ˴󣬼󲿷ֶȥˡ

֮⣬޽֮գѹ˵
Сӣһϣֲ׳棬Զĥ㣡ֹӶҶȣһʤȯյӣΧΧ֮ˡ
ɣ
ҶĮȻһЦ
׳溣󣡡
ֹ˿ûս⣬Ȼһ֣һħӰȻѪУǿħҶϯȥ
µһĻˣѪӾĵطһƬĶȼգնΪȼն
͡
ſ磬ҶǣҶ˿ûκεı仯ϸʴζ޷ɹҶȵ
ôܣ
ħĸ֣Լ֣ƺʶֹӵֶΣĿ£ЩѪӣһڣȻҶȣ˿Ч
ԭˢӣ
ֹԼе𾪣ֶΣ˶£ɽ죬Ȼ޷һΪ̫ϣ
ԭҶֵܡز¶ֹӵĶҶҪɵ֡ƶҡҡͷڲŻȻΪζľ۳ƹӣͿҶȡ
ԭһ֣
ֶ𣿡
ֶӣӡУֶжٵӣҶȡ˱£ôἮ
ˣֵܣʵҶȣЩţйҳȻ֪½֮£Ҷȣһɽ罻Уͻ½֮һ
ôһ˵Ҳеӡˣ
һˣ˽ˣ۷׷ףҶȵֶΣþݡ


1490 
ֶ죿ܽΣҶȣҪ޽֮ˡ
ˣĽؿ򵱿գֹ۵
СӣԭֶΣǺãҾʰ㣬
һ֣ҶСôɱɱˣͣôȻиʱΣں棬ֹЦЦʼӡ
ڣΧΧ֮ˣЩĿ࣬Ҷȵı֣ѾԽǵԤϣһ٣٣
Ǹ漣
ݡ
ȼնѪӣʼЩŮӰ󣬵ʱſڣʼҶȣٶȼΪˡ

ҶɫһȻ˿ģһֵ֮⣬˵֮ǰ˵ǰϻôڣǳϻĿˡ
꣡꣡
ѪΧסͷŵȼնȻ޷ҶȵķǾһɹɶҺڷ֮ϡ
£Ч
Һī֭һ㣬Ҷȷ˲һɫԲ򣬶ҺʼʴϢҺʴΪ˻档
һĻҶȿЩæңϵؽӡϹµķֵҺϸʴ
ٺ٣ҾͿǲ֮ߣ
ֹ¾ͳһͣͷѪӣ£Χħָֻ֣ţٲȻԼʤߡ
²ˣ֮ǰҶȵԵסȼնףڣ޷ס׳ĶҺ
ǰûкϷˣʤܣֻʱ⣬һٶԿ١һҪ޽֮أһսΰ
޽֮˺û죬һĸ˹ƶֹǰõŴɫ
һΧ֮ˣʧȥ£뿪ص֮С
۳ƹľ쳡ѩˣһֱûиıɫҶȣһֱͬˣҲûжУһֱΪҶȼʹ
ЩӣʵڲУģһΣסҶСܣƶеŵĺܣҶʲô£ԺԶľ쳣
ԣʱʱ̿׼֡
ֹӵȷѰ״̬һһһֻбѹˡ죬ң
ڷڣæһŵҶȣȴް㲨һֹʲôˣһУҲĨɱˡ
޽֮ǿ磬ֻ̣һߵû֮ˣܻ
ƽ飡
һ׹⣬ͻȻڷ֮ڡ

޿ͷΧ֮ˣҶȱնɱʱͻȻ׹ӿ֣ǰȻһ
ͣ
׹Ѹײڶ֮ƣͻȻӷ֮УһЩ޷ӦѪϣһѪ棬նɱһըҺ衣
˼ԭӵһ
ֹӣһ֣Ѫ棬ͬ˳һ㣬Ҷȣ֪˶׳档
ƣ
Ҷ
׹⣬һͬ䵴Ӵ׳棬һֻֻ׳ͱնɱ׳治ĶҺ׹⣬ãԣѾѹɵ֮ϡ
¾綾Ҳ޷ѹ
˼ˣû뵽ܣɫֹӿΧ֮˶Ŀ⣬ζعۿսչ
һ׳桭޷Ը
ֹ¶ҲʼôˣѾû˼ҪҶȾѹԣӡ֮󣬴ͷŵħУɳһ壬ƿܣȴɡ
ɱ˶ˣΪܣ
Χ֮ˣֹӣԹ
壬һƤںڣʬһǴԼȻԼļǣʮһͬɱҶȵķ
˼
ֹ֮࣬ӣͼ̳һ棬ҶҲ΢΢Ծϧ
ȥ
ҶȻܣٴͷ󺹣߶ƽ飬׹⣬۶Ŀ

ǣ趯ԼļǣӳһԵϱĶͷŵ׹⣬ʼ濹⣬׹ȻԵǾ벻̫ԽԽܸպȱ㣬
䡭
У㿪ʼ飬ͬƬϡﻩ
Ҷȹ治ֹӵĶ֡Ϊ̫עֹӵĶ֣ȻҪĿģѾﵽˣ
һЩҶȲսʤֹӡ
ǧ֮
ƣ
ͻȻҶȴڲȻ飬ֳƽ飬ͷųһǿƣܹͻأɱֹӡ
ȫһ𣿡˵ɴۡ
СӣΪҵĹֻпܶܣԶ̹ҵĽսҲ
ֹаһЦ˫֣˺ɫ״̬һ˫ںȭףͷųԵķơ
䣡
շȥҶȣ˫ȭһ𣬴һȭӡ
꣡꣡
Ҷ߶ƽ飬ǰ׹⣬һɫȭӡƣԽԽٵĲ࣬˳

ֹײеһɾ޴ĺɫȭӡжӿ׹µʯҶȥ
ˣ
ˣҡҡͷ̾ϢѣսܼôãѾԤϡ
Ҷȣܻ
ƣ
ƣںɫȭӡ£ҶҲ޷һ£ѾɵƵģںɫȭӡȫʱͻȻ˿
Ŷ
һӡ
ͻͻͻ
һֻ֣֮ĹУͻȻźɫȭӡһץֱӾץˣͬռ䣬ѺۣȻּԵʯٶȣݺֹӣ˫֮ϡ
䡭
ֱ֣ĵֹӵչ£һʧ߽⡭СжӿѪ
ô˺嫵һĻˣлָţΧ֮˸꾪̾
ӦӵеĹ
֮ˣı
ֹ֮ӰˣǰҶϣ˹Ͼͷµľ޴֮С
ˣŽЩʵһ٣ַʽһٸֵڴܣЦ

ͻȻڴʧһаʱҶǱغţһץһ泤޳УȻ޷ֹӡ
ӣ
ħˣ̷ɳȥֹӡ
žžž
գһӢӰ֣ĳͰʮֹ֣ǹƶ
˼ԼսѶʲôƨ£ƻأƶɭɭغһˣֹħǰ
˲Ϣħֻʵֹ
һޣǶľӸģ
Ҷȵգ泤ޣֹӺ󱳣ǻֱһӣӰջӴȥ
͡
ֹһ㣬ʵʹ࣬ŤͷҶȣСӣҲҾͲŹ㣡
ӲһӣΪҴģֹӣʲôִֶϣͽҵֺϷ
ͣ
ҶһЦٴλӶӣֹӵĺ󱳣һĿĵѪۡ
úã
ľ쳿ʼֳƿ졣
侮ʯ
ˣ֪ʲô顣
ֹӣ㻹δһҪڣͷš쿪ʼ޽֮صһšҪڴˣ
ҶеĻ泤ޣͻȻһ潣
ɱֹӣ
һҶɱţֹӿбˣɱѰ·


1491 ɷ
⡭ɱˡǳ鷳
ƶˣƳľ쳣֮ɫƺڶ˵ǧɱֹӡ
򣬺Ԥϡ
ľ쳡ȴû˿ıʾǰ
а̸֣׽ľɫǶףľ쳣Ůӣô벻ɱֹӵĺ
Īǡ޿֣ѵʲô
ɱ˱ǡ۳ƹƺ֪ľ쳵ңŵĵӣҲ˿ӵġ
Ϊѣ۳ƹ޷ܣ¶ľ쳣өӹϵ
ƶ֮أʵ룬ɱֹӣԼİŮǰһڶֹ޽֮شͷһɱˣ޽֮أε˺ܶˡ
ɱɱ
࿴ֵˣ²ؼ޲ÿһϷ
ɱң˭ɱң
ֹӺЦˣ䳰ȷУǶôĶŭЩˣЩСʱֺãز֮󡭡һ޲Ҫ

Ҷ˫üһᣬл潣ֱֱسֹŴȥ
㡭ֹӲҶȻᶯ֡
Ķˣ
͡
ͻȻҪֹŵĻ潣ͻȻʼһվֹʼϨ𣬽ʧ
ɱħˡ㵱ħСӣ̫ˣ޽֪֮֮𣿡
ҶҲ޷½޷ԦԣֹˣΪͷŵ֮ϣһֹӣǿ̫ľͷ
㣿
ƶͻȻ̧ͷȻɵɷֹ֮ĹڣҪѻˮǨҶϣֻΪˣƽѣ
ˣͻȻһЦƽ֮£жٵĲƽһˣСܹܵùЦ
ɷ
Χ֮ˣһ䡣
һˣ̲ס̾ȻǱֹӣ磬ɱħӡ鹫ӵȵľͷ
⵹˼ɷһͷȻҪ㣿ֹӣҲһҪˣ
ҶٿȻջؽֶһ򾲣һɨ߿գһЦɷȻˣҳ֣ߡʲôħеţֵһᣬЦ󷽰
ȷҶδֹӣɷ
ǰãŴħڣħϹŶ֣һɷ֮УʲôΪҶеĵɷһնɱݵٴš
ôĿ
ħ֮УЩ֣ȵɷ֣һŭգٲȻҶѾΪǵĹͬˡ
蹷һȺҷʲôҶһƳҡҡͷ
ಣ
һˣӸ߿գƮһִӵǿ׳ӣʮһħ·ȼա
ɷ
Χ֮ˣɵ˺
ǰӣһУվ۷ĴڣɽԼ޽֮أٵĴ棬֪ɱ˶ǿߣųɾͽš
ɷʵԽ̫࡭ûҪǳְɣƶˣǰɵɷ˵
ƶֹӶģ֮ĶԹ޷ܵġǰСӣȻҪɱֹӣֹҵֵ֮һСӻмħڡãŹ𣿡
вɷֳ˰ƣֱԲ䣬ҪҶȳ֣ǹƶҲҶȡ
֡ҲԹ۵ģȻĶ֣Ҳƶʱİ
ǷȻһǵİͬġ
аѵħɣ£վڹƶа֣ͳͳߣ

ɷЦЩҪɱˣ˭Ҳ赲ˣЩආ̫ˣɱǣһ򵥡ƶ˵ǲǣ
ƶһЦֺη
Ҿӣɱм񣬿ϧɱǿٱʸ񣬳ΪĶ֣ɷȻӹƶһȺаִڡ
ˣͲɱ
¡ΪҶһˣȴѾ棬׽ˡ
ɷ˵ûУ
ӵҶȣȻûѡ߳һ̻һڣ˵Ŀ⡣
Сɷ
ֹԸ֡
ҶˣֹӣƵЦ޷ֹӣ˵ǲǣ
ȻֹȻˣǻǹسˣߣеɷһԣʲô
ͳħ
ɷôֹӵǲ֮£ҶֿɷĿ⣬ʵɷ
Ȼֹ֪ǱֵܣΪֵܣֵܼܰװ֣֮
һԵĵɷٿҲý
Ͼͺãףֹӵ£ȻΪҪɱҪɱңȫûйأ֮ϣ˭Źأŷ򣬼ȻһҪءҪ磬ҡ
һ̣Ҷ˵֮ȴ¶һɾͷƣҾ޻˵Ҫɱ
ˡͽˣƶǲǣ
˶ҶһۣŪͷԣɷƶһв׵Ŀ⣬ȶȥ
㡭
˲䣬ƶ֪죬£С£ȴû뵽ֻ˲ʰĵز
ɷ˼ףǾҪɱҶȣ޷ıģֹҲֹֻҶջǻڵɷУΪ֣Ҳ˵ɷ
ڣ֣ǲ֣޷ıҶȶҪ
֣ԱȫԼ֡ǵ˵ɷΪѣѡ񣬶вһ档
ɷ˶ɵ㣬ɵǿߣ޿ɺǣ
Ҷȸ˫֣ȫ֮ǰǸطâϰСӣֱɷ޼ɵ֮ɫʵ±תأֹӳʱͿңʾǿȻֹӣҲȥֹӣϾҲǿߡʵǣģΪǿߵҪο壬Ҫ޽֮صĵλڣ˵棬Ҫնɱң
Сӣſڴƻ˰ɣҪɱֹӣҵֵܡɷɫ粻
ֵܣ
һХҶȵϣ֮Աǣֹӽ֮ʱˣڰһУβܣۼֹ֤ӣҵУҵ޴򣬵衭ֵֹܣһӶʱ¾Ӧ˰ɣĸ磬ϲԼֵģ
Ŷ
Χ֮ˣͷһ㣬űĿ⣬ɷ
һ
ܺãҶɷ֣һ֣Ҫ¶ֻмıȥ£ڵµдҲãֹҵȣһŮӣˣ裿ֻվ˵乫ֹӲˣҪնɱңʡд𣿴ʹڣǾͷҶȡֻһ޽֮أСӣǲǣ
ԣǶǼ֤ߣɷֹӣǿǳϣǾܱ裿
Ȼ䣬ҶȵһıЧӦУѹ֮š
׷ףʼŵɷй
ߣҲϣ˸ǿԿǣǿɲԸڹ֮У
ˣҶȵĻ񾭣ʼһһ֧Ҷȣɷ˹С


1492 ɱʵ
ɶ񡭡
ɷû뵽һϣȻӵоͷ޷ӵеֶΣ˲ˣγɶ
ڣ޲ð˶ɱˡ
ͳͳɱˣɱڣǴңһɷʱָܡ
ˣʱܻüį
ǮҲǮһ
ҶȿɷȻЩ¶ݹ¶УŶĿɱ˵ĳ嶯֪Ϊоį
ɷΪǿߣһ죬޽֮֮ʲô㻹޷ǰҶֵ֣ܶ
һˣѡ
ƶһ֣аһٶ֣γͳһߣΪǿߣӰĹƶѾڵɷ޼ɵĿᶨһɨˣľ쳣ʱѾΪ
ɷѾϷŹҶȣֻʹֹӣ뵽ҶȹȻųһۣɱȫڡ
Ӹ£һɨа֣С٣ҵɷҪɱˣֻ·һһСӣͣ
ʿΪ֪
а
һӣȻ˳ǰĴݣ۳ƹӡ
ߣŶľ뺫ѩӣ֮ǰҶһͬյŮҲһͬ߳Ʊ·Ҷȡ
ǣ޷ˣ
Ǽֻϡȫǣ죬ڱǾһȺõķɷһƳ߳ˣֱûðɣȻˣȻ֧Ҷȡ
ڡĵˡ
ϴҪСġ
ֹƺ΢΢תΪɷܵǸ۳ƹӣŵĺĵӣ۴ɵǿǻصģˣб
۴ɣ
ɷһ֪ʲô飬ܿͼЦôȻ޷ֹɱˣ
ҶֵܣģΣվߣҶǰÿɫƶȴҲǷݲ۳ƹ˵ɷǿ󣬵֣δزһս
ǲ벻һͬȹѹأ༸˶ͬͬ
ľȻһЦʶô꣬㣬ҵİǽÿ֮ˣӵţ
ֲ𡭡
ˣǶľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹˡղּįͬݰʧ
˭赲
ɷͻȻŰˣƲϵر
۳ƹ˫ĿҪ𣿡
ɷô硭
ȻһЦն͸ɫա
ǡ㣿ɷһƱø
ƶа֣һƾı磬ʱ򣬵ɷб£Ҵۣ۸ߣɷѾʧȥӴû˵һ
ɱ
ɱˣ
ΧΧ֮ˣû뵽ַת䣬һаеţͻأĽٶ
²ǳˡȻһǿߣҶɫȻݣƺѾӦɱ֮ա
Щ˽֣ʲô˼ɷɷһֱаֵܣ㻹ţΣǶ޷һսҵΪʵŴһĸ߶ȣңѾ꣬Ҳ̤١Σҽֵĺðɣ
һӣԦŷ籩һ£ƿն֣޽֮أаеٮٮߡ
ڸڵþ˵ˡ
ɱˮ򶨣̤ٵĵɷԾƣɷ
Ǿɱ̤٣Ȼ޽֮أôǵɷĶ֣
ĸ֣ڰš
ɱɷȭܳ½ΧȻĿĶһЩ޽֮ݺѾνħڡа̡塢Գһɣ޾иͷԸһϹŶһӢһɳ춯صĴɷˡֱ̫ӣû˻ϲͬһƬհɣ
ɷ򣺡Сʲôپ˲ãĿˣûʸ񡭡˵ģ˹ǰĴڣҪĸ֣£һ𷴶칬
ЩҲãɣɱüս⡣
ħޱߣ
ɷһ̤ռ𶯣رͬҫɫգһȭޱȺصħɱȥ
֮ǻ
ɱûкܣ̯ģĿ£Ը֮Կ̩ɽ

գһȭһƣֱײһ
ɱɷһһңӶԷ
û뵽Ȼܴﵽ߶ȡɷصɱȻֻĶԿ񲻷£˵ɱѾࡣ
һͬΧ֮ˣĿ࣬ｻ֣еĳ
ħս죡
ɷͻȻſһ磬һħӰɱ
ħӰɳһ̣ȻΪһ޴ľˣħףƺƶɣֳһħǹɱѸײڶ֮ƴ
˵ʵɷʵǿɷкܳ롭
޴ħӰŰԵɱһЦʹħӰǰʧȴһ䣬ɷðɵĻ
ɷſһ磬һħӰˣ̷ɱֵĿռ䣬һħӰͨɣսǶﵽ٣ǳֲĸ߶ȡ
žžž
ħӰ˲ϱɱܣȴһֱδʼƺĥɷֶΡ
ԭǵɷɱǴʲô
֮ڣɳһٶˣǱֽսˣһޱȡ
һЩշˣպü֤һĻ
ɱС֮ǰأ㳼ɷϿħӰս޲ʤ
Ц̫ˣɷҹˣ
ɱͻȻɫ˸ħӰ֮䣬ȻĵնŵɷͻȻһġ
ಣ
Ȼռ䣬ħӰɷðˣ޷һ¡
ĿռͨҶȲɵ÷һ̾
ɲ
ɱͻȻһ
ۣ
ֹĿռ䣬ͻȻһɿռ˶֮ȻصײڣոҼ磬ݺݻеĵɷ
һһѪ
ɷˣȻۺ񣬵ͨҾͲ˵ˣ־磬ʤһ˲֮䣡ɱ˫֣˺һƣ̬
֮ɷȴǱ˲ѪƺףΪһ֮ڣͰɱС
ߣߣ
ɷץֹӣȻݺݵҶһۣĵػȥ磬ʧڻɫա
²ͣ
ɱһЦڵɷʧ֮ɫȴޱȣתҶȡľ쳡۳ƹˣȻתҲʧȥ
澫ʡ
һĻؽ˶۵Ļ⣡
δٳٲɢȥ
ȻȥϢ
ƶľǰҶȣȻż˻ص֮С
ֻḶ́еļˣһֱδƽƶҲþ޷ƽϢ
ɱûиôؽһѪսǿЦˣǿ߶ǼȮ
ڣˣҶȵĿ⣬ȫһˣסֶ죬һ٣ֹӣӸɷ


1493 ˵Ӯ
д󲿷ˣǰҶʶ
ãҶҪģҪӣ޽֮ؽţȻҪչһģΪֶͷ
ȻЩ
δ¼ӦһܺõĻ֤Ҳֶ֤Ļᡣ
ɷֹӡ˵ĴʲôҪԵߡɽۡͥǰľͷˣ磬ħӡ鹫ӣǸҵĶ֣
Ҷһɨڵˣǵ֣ǧǰҲǶֻ֣ڸǰǸ߲ʣڣѾҶһָͷĶ֡
ղɱǷЩˣûͶ˹ֻǣᣬͶĴܣ
Ϣ˼գ˾񶼻ָڵˣﵽǧˣľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӡƶҶȣ˶Χһ
۳ƹӰעΧ˶ʱ̾Ͷһܣᵮٵķ
ֵܴ˻˵
ƶŵ˵˹ǰεȵӢȻģ󣬵ȴ޽֮һʱͷ񸴳ôһɹӾ޴󣡡
˵ʵˣ۳ֵҶֵܣ󲿷ˣ㣬ʵɢޣ磬аеĵӣǺΪԭ뿪а̣ɽԴһֱЩˣǸΪݣΪһǹףֻһɢɳ˭Уһ޴
ƶˣ̾ΣңڵɷɷһᡭǿԼ˹ʵڲУԼľͷȻþˣٵۣˣҴϲϣˣɼþˣǰ񣬵˾ͷеƷ
ֻ֡ľ쳵˹ǰҪؽɽ磬Դϴγͷ֮¼֮ɽӰ¼ٵЩʲô
ǰ˵ļǣ֪жٵϹŶƶ̾üɫ֮УβסԶľ쳵İĽ
һĵӡ
ˣôһ棿
Ȼۣȴɧϡ
˿ȥ֮ڣˣһ棬Ŀûȥύ
ţ
۵ҶȣͻȻˣһɲϢϴݳȻæʩչͨӦ
ֵܣôˣ۳ƹӼҶЩ㴫ʴ
ûʲôҶȵЦЦֲ뵽֮УȻ󰵵ϵ˵Ϣ
ƶȻת˻⣬ɫޱȣľ쳣εɷԸ񣬼ֹӴˣرӣһɣҵǲŹҶֵܣǣҲỢ񣡡
ȷǸ鷳ľ쳻һЦ֤ⷬƶɷΪУͳ׿Ϊˡ
ûжٵĸأҲԹƶ˺øС
۳ƹӼͬƶ˵ӣҿʱǾһǼ˵£ȻŽһģգҲҪЩħУ´ʵЩ
칬ִߡ
ĺȻƾ˼ҶȣͻȻջظӦΪˣϢʵҲͷŸӦ֮ͨУѰʲôƵġ
ҶȸܵǵĸӦ̺֮󣬲Ȼ󾪣ݣȻ칬ִߡ
ͨϢȺ֮УɱҶȣͷŸӦ֮󣬾ͷҶ׾ͷǵʵݡ
칬ִߣΪǿ
һðɣǾһ½ɷֹӣʵ̫
鷳ľ쳻ǴӦ顣
ˡݣʵѰʲô϶ܣ칬ҵϢڿūҲһֱھ䣬ҵϢδʩչش棬ҲδʩչԴ
ȻǶһˣŶľ쳵ۣȴڷ칬ִߣͻȻ֡
էȻΪǣԼϢѰҡ
ϸ侲һ룬ǲܵ¡
ôǰݡӦΪ˱ˣ
˭Īǡ˹Ϊ˴˹
ٿȻһͣҶ뵽˴˹
˹꽨Ϧʧû֪칬Ϊӳͷ֮ӳҪȻ칬ѹأԣҶȻȻ뵽˴˹
ֻд˹ǰڣпܣ칬ִٴУɳǿߣ¡
ǣһ룬Щʵ칬Ѿ֪Ϣô칬ִӦֱȥѰҴ˹ô
˹ǳͷ֮磬ѺķУʵӰļ֮һȻиķߣ˹Ϣ϶Ľ£ֻһ֮칬
ԣ칬ִߡΪ˷߶
һ˼ҶЩ϶
¼Σգˮǳ
Ҷһΰж칬ִߣ˻֮УѰʲô
ҶֵܣǧҪģҸҿ϶ֹӲŹ㣬ɷӲŹ㣡
ۣûΪҶһ˵ĳ˼жϣŹƶ侲˼һӰѻ⳶ҶϣҪСġ
ʵ֮ǰڳ½һ̡ľһƳ˼Ҷȣεҡҡͷ
ôƺףҶǴ¡
һ̣
ƶһëֱǿǱȵɷӿֲĴڣһ̽ãȴɷ֮У㲻ʲô£鷳ϣ
ˮڡҲΪҵģȻлҶῸ޽֮غܴҪҵλãʲô߶ȣ
ҶͻȻ˱ȭ뵽Ϣһ¡
ȥɡ
˼Ҷվ飬һֵ̣˵ɷ˭鶼޷ƽ
겻ѣĿҶ뿪
Ҷʲô͸ǼˣҲ칬ִ뿪Ҫȥ
칬ˣɷһ̣ʲô˵ʵڵģҶȶδǵˡ
ĵˣֻ칬ϹͥǬЩɫ
Ҷֵܡ
Ҷ뿪󷨣ˣվк
֮⡣
ҶƯڰգ˵ıӰȻһԣʩչͨһʩչԪ̸ȥ
Ҷȱͣ⣬Ưţڳ˼ʵںϣȥ칬ִߡ
Ǿʲô
գۣǰ֮Ļɫա
ȻûӮʵټ
ˣͻȻͣΧ㿪ʼۣһ˫۾ϷտǣҶȵ
ʲôӮʣ
͵һҶйܶ룬û뵽칬ִߣΪӮʶ
ӮʣҶôǣԪаʣֹƣն죬һͳڵĴƻ
ڸһ֮նεǣӮƾʱʱ̻̿ڰУŵڡ
Ӯһˣô죡
ִߣΪջ


1494 Ӯ
Ӯʡ칬ִΪҪԸ㣿
ڰҶƷʩչԪϾԴ֮Уһͻأִǰ
칬ִ޴ڣʵǿɳǿִߣ׷ӮʣΪʲô
Ҷȡһʱ벻ͨ
ΪߣǴ˹ȴΪӮʣ
ȻӮһٸ֣ԵڣҲܵõ칬ӡ
ӮʰӮʡڵ֮ʱҵڲѱ䣬ʱʱ̶̿ŶεˣҰˮ㲡ҪΪ鷳
ҶЦЦӮǵڴ󻼣ڳͳնҪԶ鷳ΪֵܣҶȱȻҪһԾξҪӮʡ
뱾٣ܸ㶨Ӯʡ
˼һҶʩչͨңԶ󷨿ռ䣬һڶľ쳡۳ƹӡѩߣϢ뿪󷨿ռ䡣
գۡ
ԱߣſھͰڣȻգǰִߣʲô
ಡ
ƺִߣڵȴʲôȻһٷңԶĻɫգͬ裬գִߡ
ٷ֮һϤ칬ӰĮȻһɨӮѾҵٸ
̫ˣǳʱڣܱӮʷģɱ˴ˣĨٷϢ໥ͷ̷ա
ǺգҶϢ׷ᡣ
һһСʱ֮
ŶƬʱգ½ڵĶʱգǺңԶҶڷ籩Уǰȥִߣʮִ߾ۼһһǶٵΪлٵĴڡ
Ȼ࣬ȴǾǿκǿپͷ
ǰ˸һɾֹĹâƺִߵԽ֮С
âͨһӦҶ¶ЦݣˣӮʣֻеڲۺĵ
ɱ
ʮִߣδ֮УƺӮһΪһɫ칬ӰֱӴ֮ϣݺݵ֮ѹȥ
䡭
֮УƵĶ֮
ȿȡ
ը֮ɢ˲٣ֻһǱصһ칬ִߡ
ৼ£ʮִߣΧˣӮʣ׷ɱһ£ͬ飬ԪаѾѹǵܣܱ㴫ȥ
ӮΧ֮Уӳ˾쳣𾪣Ϊͷû˿־뾪ţֻˣѪսף䡣
ռ򣡡
ӮͻȻͷɱֲ
ͣ
һɹɵ˲ͳʮִΧ쵶ֱӻΪ˰Եִߡ
칬ʥӡ
Ӯʵ̫ǿǵǹ֮еߣִǲδ濹⣬˫һϣ칬ۣͻȻÿޱȣȻԼסӭӵն¡

칬ķȻ̵ƽʣ棬÷飬칬ûκ顣
ֻͨ칬ۣԼִߵӣź顣
Ӯʵǿˣ뵶ڵĵ棬ͬĴڣ磬Ϊڵһػߣǲ
ս֮⣬ҶȾǰһУʱδһˣҪ˫ƣʱ١һ򾡡
޾򡭡
Ӯʣƴˡ
һμԼͷγһƬռ䣬ϵعڷִߣӮʹִ߶ա
һִߣģ
칬ۣȻ޼᲻ݣֻĴˣִһû£ڴ£޷չ
Ӯʣûа취նɱִߣ칬ۡ
ȼձ
׻˵¶ˣ²Ҫġ
ӮѡɱʽҪþԼǿִնɱͬھ˫¸һ㣬Ĵʼȼգ߶ȫʼγɻơ
ǸӣԵڣ
ʥ칬
ʮִߣȰ򣬱Ӯǿ˿ʼӡַһģһǵüģǵ칬ۣͷųһ⡣
ɫ칬
һִ߽ӡҶȲɾ뵽ʪִ֣֮߶һ𹬡
ˡ
Ȼһɫʥ칬Ͽգȭͷ󣬲ϵ󣬺ֱܿһɶ
𣡡
Ӯʿ칬ûѡ񹥻칬ǡȼձ֮Ȼûʮ޴Ļ
ͷŵѹ
ִǣðŴ󺹣ĵ̫죬Ȼ󣬷ػӶ˫֣ɫ칬ƺδﵽǿ̬һӮͻͻͻѹȥ
䡭
һɽӮʵĵԼˣصѹȥ챬ըƣʮִߣںˡ
ˡ⣡
ִ߽ӡ칬ۻָ̬ͨ޷ﶯؿը棬ÿˣ۵ʮƣ룬·һ
칬һΰǡ
ۡ
ʧֻӮ̱ڰգѪѪģһãؤ硣
Ӯʡɣ칬ԣȡҵҲȲˣͬ飬ԪаʣѾѹһû֪
ִӮʣͬʹߣҪӮʣʩԳͽ䡣
ӮʷЦΪû׼ǣһ칬ץʵܣӡУһ䣬Զȥɽ磬ˣ
ץʣ
ҶȻһصõһܡ
ʣ֪磬õʣ칬Ȼɽץʣ칬йϵ칬ץʣΪͽ磿
ֻǣ칬Ҫʡ
ΣҶȶõһԼǳмֵϢ
ô˵Ԫаʣһʣ͵һҶȵһں
ǿ֮ĩίߣˣɱ㣬õϻؽ߲㣬ѰԼκϢã㻹лᡭɢȥ
һִߣͻȻһӣһѩ״󵶣С
Ӯʳִߣֻŭ𣬿ִߵĴ󵶣ն¡
򣡡
˿̣ռͻȻһ㡣
áִ޷ٿƴ󵶣ƺְˡ

ϧʲôΪʱ˷̫뾫һһƬǳ֮⣬ΧȻгΪǿա
˲䣬ǾʹһǳŻ

޽֮أһ±ŵǳ磬һִߣľػ˰˷֪׷ʲô
ѵǡ˵еġǧͼ
ִߣһͬǳӮʣȻ޷ΧһУƺʲôһƬ𺳡
ǧͼ
ִǣĶ͸ˡ
һִߣ΢΢һعȷǴǧͼѵˣѾ䡭˭칬ִ֣
Ȼ֪ǴǧͼЩִߣǸ߰ԴĿˡ޷ӡ
һӰ𽥵ĮȻֶ֮
ִߣȻĲӰǸֺ칬磬ǿĴڣ˭ˣ칬Ҳֻл𣡡


1495 
Ҳ仰ŵһƬˡ
Ҳ仰εأ޼ɵ
ǡ
ƿն֮ҶֳƣмЦǰ仰һƨ
㡭
һ칬ִߣſҶȵĻشԼԼϣȶ⡣
ִߣʮֳס˼ҲԶˣûִǰ㶯ŭվȭµǺη֣ʵǲΪУ˭ɵ칬ǲţǲóΪˣпܣΪѣѵͨȫ칬ΪһΣǺӵδ
˵
Ҷȸ˫֣ˣʵҵδ칬ֻм칬δ
Ҳ˼ֻǺִ߲ôǿӲ

ȻҶȾһЦЦЩִĪ
ǲһֱ𣿡
ٿҶȻػӶ֣ϣһߡ

һҶǿͨʮִߣŵŵź˼ŵֱͨͨ״һ㾪ˣٴС
ڲ֪ҵݣˣ칬һֱѰҵĴڣ֪ɳٵѰңҾңڻãҵδǱ칬ܿ𣿡
ӣӣ
ݣֳִѾ֪޷תأȫӡһɽɫ칬ٿȻᡣ
ˡ
ɫ칬ʮִߵȫ߶£ȼ˱ԽĴۡ
һȺʯͷܻˣΪ³ǴǧͼˣҾǼʶʶҵ
䣡
ҶȫͻȻһɻâ
ʮִߣǶ٣ȼձĽɫ칬ѾԽ۷壬Ҷ޷ѹǡ
Ȼһӡ⿪ˣڴǧͼ֮У޼ɵ
֮
һץڵ½𵤣ĺڰ΢΢һҶȵ֣һʮɳ֮
ӲӵģִĽɫ칬Ҫˣ֮֮ϣ˸ŵ׹⣬ԼĿ¡
찡ϣôˣԦ
ִǶˣǰĵˣ֮ٿֱǴ񽫣ս޲ʤ
𣡡
ҶȺɫͬ̿˫Ŀһݣһɨɫ칬㵱ջӶ֮ǧͼռ䣬ǵ
ΰ
һǿִߣ칬벼Ӽȵڣȴֻϣΰ䣬ǡ
ϧǴǧͼããɽ磬ǵףΰ޷սʤȴҲ޷ǡ
䡭
ɫ칬֮һңо棬¡һըʮִߣ۳Ѫ̱ء
һУʹ칬ôྫӢ
Ҷȿе֮οЦЦڣʩչѾ״ﵽ۷塣
ؼѹɵԣռо޴ƣ޷õơ
ಣ
Ҷȵߣʧȥָģûͬɥ֮ȮִߣѾĿɿڴӮǰ
㡭
ӮӿտգҶȣղţ֮ɫ칬һĻ·𡭡ڼ˿Ի칬
ӮʣǿˣҶص˵
ˣӮĻ֪ǰɽ磬صȻǵ꣬ڵڣ⣬ƻмƻСӡ
ֶۣ԰ѵСӣɱһ顣

ʩչͨҶȵģһλûӱģΪһͬݣıģס
ӮʻҶģǣ㡭㡭ȻСӡɶ񰡣ǲԩҲͷ
һû뵽ɣңʵԶ㣬ǵȡڵļƻɹҪصڣֹߣǻƾҲԸģԡʧܣעģ
Ҷָֻģ˵ڵڣʵ͸ף㲻ڵڣ֮Ѿ⣬ҵУ³Ӧú˰ɣ
ݲѵ
Ӯ˲һˣʮ꣬ϾȻƣ޷޷ڱߣҶȣϾңɱɣϣִУѾһְο
Ӯʣôһͷڵо޴ãҴӿʼ;㽻ҵĴ磬ԶػڰɣֲһĴ󣬵㣬ûеڣڵ㣿һĺҵĴ磬ڣٴһ߷壡
ɱң
ӮЩš
ɱ㣿
ҶǲмǺܴ뷨ӮʣҵƿأʹǰǵǰѳΪȥʵʵΪЧɣ
˭ԸȥѡӮҡҡͷԳһ
˵ѡӮʣ˵˵ԪаʰɣҶǳȤҪһ㣬ǵ֮ˣԪаʣѾһϵˣҶȲżһУ룬õһ
ѾдߡߡʵͨߣԻãѪߣʵãᡣ
ӮһԪаʣΪι
Ͳȥˣ
Ԫаһǰ޽֮أ֮УģֶΣԱҸʱҪ;ʼӴͻȻ칬ִߣ֪칬Ѱҵطû취ʶʼѰˮһߡԼԦκңԶκ칬ץǰϤѡߣ
ߡ
һδ֪ʣǻʣҶʮֺ档
ҶҲ˽⣬ԪаԺ󣬲й˽⣬ӵ֪칬һֱѰʣڡԪаʻӲֵ׷ѹ칬ҪĨɱ֪κҵĲ£ɱˣֻӳ
ಡ
Ӯ˵꣬Ҷһ㣬һӡǣ͵Ӯüġ
ѶԪӡǣֻܽ⿪ʵʵڵڣ°ɣ򣬽湦лָɵһ죬ڰָ
ţҶȼһӮڡ
ӮʾȻվ
ҶʮִǰĿֱڣһִϣѡ񣬸һУһϡôҾóͷ֮磬Ըߵİ취Ըǣ
޿ɷ棬㡭Ҳֻ·һͷһ䡣
ͣ
ֻ˵꣬Ҷһݣһ޽ʹüģȻһץδʱһɿעڡ
ˣ

һ칬ҪͷĴڣȻҶȵǰ˫ַأҶȲϵؿͷ
㡭㡭
ǵĶӳô߰Ĵڣ㾹ȻΪܣ룬Ǵ˰
һִߣϵزŵɫ԰ףǾѪڣӵΪ飬Ҷŵöһ㡣
ΪҵĵˣҴĴӦ֪ҵ£һɽ磬ڳͷ֮磬˶ٵ칬ִߣûʮҲм˰ɣʵʵҾͶǣҶȳв


1496 ѹִ
ǡ
ָһЩ֮ͨӮʣҶԱߣµپͷҡҡͷɵĵΪ˳칬ڣһ߲㣬λһЩԪ֮£Ԫ֮ϾǸȻǹ
˳˶ôڳΪһ棡ӮؽܵҲǣˡ
ҶȣͳΪ˳
أѡɣʵʲôǾʹʲôĻҲΪܣڳΪ֮ǰһҪĥǣҶȾй٣ûκأֱӾв
˵˵
һִߣʵ˳֮£λȻҲ˳ƺܹ˳ݺƳһۣȻʵҶȵͷʲôҾʹʲô
ԪаʡǻҶһ⣬ֱҪ㡣
ңҲӮĿǰ֪Ĵ𰸡
ţţ˳Ҫ׽Ԫаʣκδۣ㲻ץԪаʣҲնɱԪаʣһδεߣִʵͽĴ
ںεأ
޽֮жʱգһܵʱ֮У꣬ġְִԪаڵ꣬߸Ҷȡ
ҶȽʵ֮ǰһ˿ЦݣʵŸң˭ڿԪаʣһʣؿˣλ˳֮ϰɣ
һԪϣΪɵۡ
ɵʵΣ
ǿٱ˳ǿһѾУ޵еĴڣ칬һŴӵһʩչ֮ʱһ֣ޱߣ
һ𲻷ߡǽɵ۴ˣ
˲ֻ࣬ʮˣǾӢǶ٣٣ƺһԪаʽ칬ʽΪԪϣԶץԪаʣڱصã
ܺá
Ҷȿʼ˼һɵۣʵߣǿ٣ֻһ磬ʵȴ˲ͬ
ߡģУ۷ĴڣӮʡ˳㣬ҪһЩǵ׼ҲǴﵽ۷壬ֻͨߡ
ֱ綫ɴۣ
Ҳ٣ȴɱ칬̳ôǵĸʵҲ۷壬ǵʵǿߡĲ֪١
һ磬и߶ȣʱҶȣڣʵѴﵽ٣ͬ
Ҷ̤һ٣ôʵͳԽ٣Խߡ
Ȼɴǰڣ٣ӵгԽٵʵҲ˵٣Ѿӵնɱ
ҶȺȻ˫ۣʵ˹¼֪칬ʲôӦ԰취Ҫң칬Դһ֪
Ǹ֪칬߲רŶִߣȥĳһ£¼Ȼִ߸ֻǸץԪаʣ
͡
˵֮һ޽նͷ­
Զš
˲ɱִߣִߣߣӮʣҲûϵҶȻִͻȻɱ֡
ֻ˵ʹ࣬ˣĺܰǡ壿칬ʲôĻǴˣǣͳͳΪҵĿܰɣǶңкܴô
˲ӡһɿռʮִ߾һһӡǵͷһû
ˣ
ִ߹£Ⱥ
Ծ԰ִߡû뵽Ҳһ죬˹¡Ӯʿ̣ʵڲš
ӮʣͰңһͬԸ칬ִߣǸɵۣȻɵҸһЭԸЩɣ
ҶȿӮʣɭϵͷĿ⣬Ȼ˫ͫһݣʮִӮʣҶȳڻɫգ뿪˴ǧͼ
ӮʣͺúϣϷɡ
ҶĪЦЦ˳ʵҶȿϸɵ۷ȥٷ˵նɱӮ鷳Ҫ֧Ԯ
ǣˣ˳̹£վ֮˫ֿʼӡһٷִߣޱȴš
ҪӮ˲ЩҶȵͼˡ
Ϸɡ
Ҷ˲ʧ
˳£ʮִߣʼӮʣӮʩչһɼ̵ķֵ˹˫ʼĥ
֮
ٷԽһɫգһƴ˺ѷ籩Ŀ¿ռ䣬ٷռʱһֻɫ֣ץʱ֮С
һ󷨣ڣʮִţһɫ֮УһͷˣһаϱѾһˣԪаʡ
鷳ˣ
һߣʱգƤͷŽ⣬˫ͫգٷϢΧͷš
һѮߣΪߣʮֵĸߴ׳˶
˳˳ǸץһӮʣôʱ䡭
תһ⣬ʧȥ칬ۣվ죬һռС
ˣ
ʮִߣ׷ʩ
ƳһԪаʣΪĮƺԪаһֻ϶ǣʮˣȥ֧Ԯ˳նɱӮʣ칬ܣй¶ȥ
ǣ
ʮִ߳ת뿪󷨡
Сķ߸ֶص󷨡
ʱ֮
Ӯʣɵ۵֧ԮϾ͵ˣʱҪ֣кþƺòˣдǡ
˳ʮִߣڵӮʣţҶȾڰһС

Զ֮Уͳһ칬ӰʮִߣŰԵƣɱ
λһ֮
˳зˣȭʩ
ַģǽˣģһͬնɱӮʣع칬ִߣշЦݣƺһУƿ֮С
ɣ
ٿȻʮִأʱֳнʮִߣһͬת֮ڣǱ֧ŵӮʣ񣬾ƵģȻһĦȭƣ׼չ֡
ᡭ
ҶͻȻ˫һϡ
͡
һĻˡ
˳ʮƷִߣһͬ߶ӡ֮ʱǼȻԸ֧ԮʮִߣֱӴӱ֣һֱӹᴩǵš
Щ֧Ԯִߣô޷뵽ǵͬ飬ôܱ˿ƣǶǿ칬ִߣ˭Ʒǣ
νûоԣһ޷ģôˡ
ֶͨΰӮʣϣԩ֮ڣӮĿ̣ǳû˵ֻ
ǡǡұ칬Ϊͽ˲ŹǡȻͻȻϮִߣûϱţŭ˳ˡ
ӡǡ
ĺȻһӰϷ
ʥؿʼӡһ˲עʮ˵ڣңǵƣڿʼԶָ
ˡ
һִߣ˼£ƺڴ߶Ԫ󣬷ҶȵûһһʹľǸ߰ϥǣתҶһһ£ˡ
ˣ˳ˣҲһͬ£һĻ칬ˣһ㣬ǹ
Ӯʣɣ
ҶȴһץʧӮʴڲ˲
Ӯʣ˾ͿִߣҶȵȻΪ˷²Щִߣɹؽץȥ׸ɵۡʱͻȻԽɵ۳֣ЩܣԽɵµִ֣߳һɱ䲻⣬ɵζ벻鷢˵һ٣ǰҲֶͨΣ


1497 ɵ
üƻնɱɵۡҪʵӮжĹؼ
ɵ۵ǿӹɣһ칬ĺԪϣ˰Լپͷѹû֡
ƻ޷죬ص㡭Ҫѹɵۡ
Ͳ㵣ġ
Ҷŵϣ˿ģ߶ͨƷִߣ׷վһסӮʣƺƵͦ
Ҷգ˶ȥ
ɹȻռ֮󣬴Űʱʮִߣ֮УΪߣһߡ
ߣηץԪаʵĽɵۡ
ʵߣֲ٣ɵ磬վ۷Ĵڣ˰˿ѹķâ
ˣ˳˹ˣ
һִߣǰ·籩Уɵʩ档
˾ͺáԪаʴ׼칬ɵһӣХִ֮󷽸ʱ֮С
֮󣬼ŽɫԪаʹУ޷һ£ϣӡ
ಡ
ǰգӿֳһƬ칬ۣűѹӮʣ˳ִߣһһ֮С
ˣ
ʮִߣѺӮͣɵ۹ʩ
ӮʣΪβѴɱˣҪ׽ɵһƳӮͣ룬ɭɭˡ
˳߳ˣӮʣôҲǵ֮ˣʵҲǿɱ˿ϧ֪ûôֻѺ˴ã
ɵ¶һϵЦݣ㵹ġڵ칬Ͽͬˣһֱδ칬ĺѹˣ˵Ժʲôô
ӮͻȻţɵ۸ߺҪɱңɵۣһ֪һʵĴڣɱң뿪ҿԸ˵ݣΪ칬´󹦣
Ŷ
ĸ֣ɵۺȻһǾϲȡ⣬һӮʣ㻹еôʵԿǸһ·
ôˡ
ɵӮǰʱӮȴ⶯˶ӡ
ᡭ
ɵ˲Ϣһ֣һɽ磬Ӯʣ֮УȻʮڴЦ¿Է˵˰ɣ
Ӯʹ⿴ķ侲һ֮ɵ۱ȭ֪Ƿ֪ߣ
Ȼ֪ΨһĴߣҲ칬һֱõģϧṆ̀칬ǳ磬ᱻ칬ѹôӮʣ㲻Ҫң֮£һߣЦɵƺŪӮҪ˵ʲô
ߣȻԪ֮Уֻд𣬵ڴ֮ʱˣ˵õѪ⣬ԾͨӴѪУߵ
Цɣδ˵˿ԶʣѰᣬҲֻܶ޷
񣬴ˣбҪƭ𣿡
Ӯʲδ͡
˵Ǵߡ̫ܣҴδţ˿Զ˵ʮѣ˿ЩӮʣ˵˭˵𣡡
Ȼмɻ󡭡ɵۻǺȥ
˾ǡ
˿̣ɵӮʣֻһɲ룬ңɵûκηӮ񣬿Ҫ˵һܣ
ͻأźһӮʾȻһӡƣѷӡΪ˹һһ䲻⣬ʯ֮䣬ݺһƣ˽ɵš
¡
磬Ȼ飬ɵۿѪõĽ硣
ô£
ɵ۲Ǿͷ͵סţͣŻָɣɹ͵ϮӮʣֿķͫ𺳣ΪеĲ£ȻĿҵذΧû֮ǰһ֮⡣
Ԫаأ
ĵӮʣҲǲ£òףץԪаʣΧһɨӰӶûС
Ӯִɱ
Ҫ췴
ɵ۵ŵŵ˺󼸲𾪣ɻ֪һ£ôһ¡

գۣһʮִߣһͬΧɵۣķʲô˻£ÿִ߲Ҫسɵۡ
û뵽ִߣҲйҧһ죡Ӯʴ¶ִ߸ڣִȴ໥˺ҧ
ǽޣ
ˡˡ
ΧеĽɵۣͬŭʨܣ㹥ϾһˣҲôִߵĶ֣ϣӮ͵Ϯ֣ھɥ֮Ȯ
ԾЩˣƺʧȥǡѵӮˣ
ϰߵĽɵۣƺӽֹУߡ
Ǳҵġ
۽ɵܣնɱʮΪֻжٵִߣϧ޷ߣļӿ졣
ͻȻתһɽ⣬ϵشӡ
һâ˫ͫͷųĳƤƺǽɫģͬ˴޽һ㡣
ǲ
֮УҶȼɵͷŵĽ⣬Ŀȣܺ棬һεȵ
ҫף
ɵŭһϣȻһ⣬ƣ֯ɣ˸ɫâսס
սûʵʣƾһ⣬£ɵס
ƣǽɫԹâƲȱ٣ΪͬͬıԴ
ҫסƷʱƽҪߣȻڤҪֶͣϽ󽣵࡭ʵԣҪϽ󽣵ȻһȻƷʲߣȴʮټףҪˣ
Ҷ¶̰Ŀ⡣
Ⱥ桭
ɵ۴߶ҫ׵ͬɵĲգϵƣʼͷųһɿµĽɫâͬըһ㣬ԽɵΪ룬âٿһΧա
ۡ
һӰǱɳӮʣâˣȴûд󰭣תâռ䣬ð亹칬ĺԪϣʵѾԽ١칬ɽһ

ţһִߣײɳâ磬ֻʣʮһˣʮһˣΪ٣ִߡȫɵͷŹҫף˲նɱ
ӹһٵʮһˣһѣһѪģһգ˵ա
ͽ³ͳͳ
Խâٿʧɵͬգͷԣһ߳Χʬ壬һۣӮϣһֱں޵ҧгݡ
ӮʣԪаʽƻ¡ѴﵽĽɵۣȻĵò࣬ȻйҫնɱһӮʣʲô⡣

ͻȻһֻɫĴ֣ӽɵ۵Ϸհ㣬
⡭
ɵֻоǰһڣŷӦͷֽɫĴ֣ƤϷףźһǰһ㣬Ȼֱӱ֣ѹ޷Ĺҫףڴʱʧȥ˹â
ΪԼһա
ͻľһͿء
һӰŽɫʧһţڽɵͷ­֮ϣɵۣ֪һɽһɽߣ칬Ϊ³ǱӦӦõõģ
˵Ĳɽɽˡ¡׻˭ĶְһڵĴڣȴһ볬Խľͷ⣬桭
վǰӮʣЩ޷ӸտʼڣҶһУѾļޡ


1498 շԪа
뿪˵
Ҷҫףȴ̱ڵصĽɵԱߣղһѾ߶칬ʥӡ޽֮أϾ½ܽб칬Ӧķա
֮䣬һǳ֮⣬Ӯʡɵۣʮһٿִߣʮִʬ塣
ȻƬռ
˿

һУǳ֮ʧ⻷֮УһϢδ¡
˲Ϣ֮ңĶ֮С
ҶȶһֳӦһܣڷλȻ½ΧһӦڶľ쳡۳ƹߵŹƶ뿪󷨣½ȥû˷֡Ҷȡһ
ʱһ¡
Ц֮Ҷƾʧɲǳڴǧͼ֮С
Ӯʡɵۡʮһִ߿ܣʮʬ壬һɫһû٣ȫƯڴǧͼǿ֮С
ҶȵӮԶÿɵ۳ǰ
ǧͼ㾿˭˵Ĵˣ
ɵۻָЩƺѾ״ٿ£ʹԹֱҶȣ칬ΪУֻȡǵˣô칬ֻܱâ
Ϊ⸱Ϊβ̹Ȼʵɵۣ֪˭򵥣Ҿ͸㣬Ҹֶӡ
߶ͨһγҶȵϣȻʧ¶Ҷȱģ
仯ýɵĿɿڴ

Ǽֱ칬جΣһɽ磬ɱ칬ƻͷ֮磬ͷߣĸִߣ
Щ£һͱƣΪܣôɱζΣ˳ζΣ
˵ʵҾϲǹҧģǲǸ߸Ҫɱɱ칬Σ
ݣҶȸоһڤڤ֮Уһ֮ˣ·ڼӳϣΪߣɽˣһĪˡ
ͥȪߣһģ
ָо
Ȼ㡭칬ʱʱ̿ɳ֣Ѱټû뵽㾹ȻǱֶ֮ڣɵѾ˫ͫңǸߣü֮䡣
ҲҪ߹ȥҪӡ
ᵽһ㣬ʵǡΪ칬Ҫֶӣֶɱִߣܣ
ֶ֪֮۵ȷأ֪һУְɣ
ɵһηģҶУʵһ¿ˮ̡
ҪȻȫ㣬Ϊ޷Ժ㣬õһУΪһ׷Ź㣬ӴˣͳΪҵĿܰɣ
쿪ָһץͰѽɵָ֮£򣬿ʼֳ
˻˻
µȻѽɵֻۣȭͷСգʱ״̬
ֱӵġͬһͬˡСѪ⣿ôֹ
ӮʿĻȻúڷ룬꣬ҶУҶΪУҲ³
֮ǰҶȣǡ
һ룬о̶̣ʱ䣬ͼɵ۴󲿷ȫʧȥˣͬʬһ㣬ƯҶǰ
ˣţͨһҶȹ¡
ҶɵۣҲɱ㣬ЩǿִߣΪеĿܹߣΪҵĴ֣Ը칬׵壬ɵۣڸң칬ץ˶ٵʣ
ɵʵʵ£ʵش𣺡ˣֻ֪ץʣϾʣھɽ֮УҲеʣ֪ȴȥץǴߣʵ̫ǿֻйܿ⣡
ʣ֮£ж٣ģҲŲʮˡΪԪϣȻ֪δ˹¼칬μƻİɣţҶȾҪ޽֮صĴ¼ɽĴ¼
ǴɹôؽγһްԵķʱ˵ǵһȻ칬˺Ƥ
ɽ磬ͳ׽һɷ˳֮У˭Ҳ޷赲
Ȼ뵽㣬ֿܷҶȱҪ鷢֮ǰ׼Ƕֶ죬Ƕʥɽ磬һ˳֪жٵǿߣˮ㣬ɽ罫սʱ֮С
ΪĵӣΪһɽ䣬ҶȾҪΪ˸
ʱΪԼ
ֻ֪Ϊ£칬֮ڣٿһλ飬Ԫ϶ûʸ롭һԪϣôʸ֪ɵۻص
ǿմ˹¼ϸ
ֻ֪˹ӳͷ֮ӳ֮󣬰뼸ͷһղٵķߣ˭Ҳֻἰ
С
Ҷɫޱȣ˫Ĵң۹Ѻںεأ
²֪ɽĶͷˣֻй֪ʵ
㻹Ǹ
ǣһ
֪ɵۺòҶ󣬵ûӦȴӮʣЦ죬һԪϣȻ³
Ӯʣڸߣ޶ٵ壬Ѹ緢һٷϸϻصڣһúڵֲ֮ɣκ뷨ԪӡǣԶĨɱԪǽɵ
ҶͻȻһƳӮʡ
ף
£ӮʿЦˣ֮ʣȴԪаʣ㣬δԪаʣ
ǻǻ빲ѣ߰ɣ
ҶôܣӮԸ漴߶һӡǧͼ֮ͰӮͳ˶ʱ֮С
Сǧҵʱ䲻࣬ɵʮһִߣߣҴЩʬԪаʣУ
֮Ҷϴ߶䡣
˲ϢʹԪаʣ뼸ʮִʬ壬֮С
ʬƯԿռУԪаʵͽҶȴ̳֮ϣԪаʼԿռ䣬סˡ
Ԫаʣǲİһμˣ칬ˡǱֻ·һӦúɣҶֳƣԪаʡ
ҺԪа쳣򾲵ĵͷ
׾ͺãҵϡȻҪһ㣬ǾԲܷŹģҲӮʵĽû칬ִУҲδҵУĹްˣ
˵ʲôҺˣ
ǸˣΪðɣʣǿߣɽ磬һܳ׷
ȻѡѷŹӮʣ칬ĴͷЩܹǵֻҪܴң칬㡭޻ڣ
ԪаҲһйµˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ͫǴ
Ҷȴûľֱ˵Ĵ㣺ʡһ㣬֤δԽˣ磬ʣУ߹ĴڣעΪһǿ󣬵ǰǣɹ֮Уң󣬶쳣ĿѰʣʣ칬ץʣԸ㣬ܾõʣ
㡭ô֮¡˵˽⣬ʵܣԼһ֪⣬ҴﵽɵΪҲ֪ǡߡߡ
˷Ԫаʴд㵣


1499 纺ں
Ͼ˵̫ңԶ
һδ֪硣
ǣ˶δ֪ص磬ҶȾȻ֪˼顣
ҶȻԪаһɫУҲЩʵ磬һҲ֪֮¡
ӽңǾҵĲ£ģһҲ㣬Σɵ۵ĹҫףϲҶֿʼ£ġ
ģҲҪóġ
ҫף
Ԫа˷뾪ϲ֮УȷҶȻǸСӵеǴҲ޷ȼԵ硣
ಣ
һɫâףҶȵ˫ָ֣һ
ǣ
סԪаʵ˲飬һӡҲʼ䡣
ҫףڻָɵԪаǰȥҫףȴ֣磬޷Ļ޴ѹٲά衣
һ̣ᵽҶȵǿ
˵ͨ綼ġĬ˰죬Ԫа˵һ䣬Լòʵһ仰
ҶȺ⣬ΪԪа˵仰ʱ֤ѾԼˣҪѪ⣬Ҫ̫࣬ȭͷСˣ
û⣡Ԫаʿа񣬼һаȻȴʮֺԼĴȣһָ
һȭͷѪ⣬˲ƯҶǰ
ҶȵõѪ⣬Ѿõߵһʥ飬žǹɣеū
ˣ
һƬԷƣһӿʮˣ̤Բ˶ΪģĵūҲƵޱط
ˣԵľˣԪаŵõŵź˼ʲô塭ԼԦԡ
ʬ塭
ˡūҶǰһץʮִߵʬ壬ǶΪôӴ
ҶҪӿԼٶȣõԪаʡģͭƻǧơ״ۡ۵ȵȶǿߣҪ׳ǾǾ뵶ū
ʮٵ㹻ǡūһҶȶ޷սʤūǽһںòһҲΪ

һֻ޴ˣͻȻɹգʮִߵʬΧ⿪ʼ
ϵģ֨֨ȼԪаʿ۾ֱˣʲôͨһôĶһ𣬶Ҫʱ䣬Ҷȡƫƫʱˡ
СһҪǴȥȻ׵ķ籩
𽥣ʧʮںϵҶһץһ󲿷Уһݷ뵶ūУһ֣Ԫа֮֡
Ҷʾ⣬˶ɢȥںȥ
תҪתҵʵƸ߼תˣЩһЩ˰ɣ
ţҶٻת
ת֮󣬵õһõҶ뷨֮Ͼʧصת鶦֮ڡ
Ҷ֮󣬻δһ֮䣬߿֮⣬Ȼ󻺻ڣ֮С
˲Ϣͼ纺һɺ֮Уһʵ֪Ҷǿ˶٣ҶЩա
δƽ̫ġ
纺ۣҶȣûЦݣҲĮʮȻ
к⣬Ҷ֮УҶóԪаʵѪ⣬Ϊ纺ܵҸյõߣ
ߣ纺ȻҲδ
ǰõߵơնںϣߵһͬںϡ
Ҷȿ纺ʮƺ֮УһƬƽ˾ǰ֪ʵĿɹ󡭡ϴȥʥ磬ڼ꣬аɴۣʥˣС磡
纺ͫȻһ۾񣺡ĺ
ţӵмˡ磬ͨ˵Ҳ֪ԭȷڷǳԶʱ壬ȻһΪĹʣΪʣ磬ÿʡ˶õˣƣҲΪǻԭˣҲ֪ǶôĿɹ󣡡
Ѫ⣬Ҷȵÿϧơնߣֻߡͨ߸Լںϡ
ֻǾԼ֪֪ñ֮õģȻ̫ࡣ
ڣˣΪʱҪ纺һͬ
ֻ֪ʣеĴڡȴ֪ȻΪʣһʧ
纺Ǹϻ۵ŮӣȻˣҶȽصشԭֻδֳǷݸˡ
ҲŮе֣
ʩչͨһͬںϡ
纺룬Ҷȼʩչ龻֣̫һȫͨʼͷų
纺ģ̫⣬ĹůƺҶԱߣԶñ䡣
龻ֺܿͲסˣϵתҶ̯ģͷųԪаѪ⣬Ե̫һʼںѪ⡣
ȭͷСѪ⣬̫һϻ龻ֵ𽥵أΪѪҺ壬ԡ
纺̴߶𵤣ɫĽ𵤣ϵתһɴҫ۵ĺâһѪҺ֮С
ţҶҲ߶ա½𵤣ʼһ
龻ֿʼת֮ԽĴ̶
ǿͨʼԦߵҶȡ纺Դʼںϡ
ˡ
ƺǻ龻ֵǣҶ纺˴ΪǵĶƺģǻ龻
ಡ
һеƿ֮𣬽ž籩ϯ
ԾǣҶʧĻɫգһ˸պ÷ɹΧ籩ϯҲˡ
ûͷŸӦûд߶ȻȻ·
ǡʲӵе
˼ߡҵ򱶣ңԶܴУֱˣĶ
Լʮȥ
纺𽥵ذʧ𺳵Ŀ⣬̾
ߣͷŸӦȥ֪˵һУ˿ΣգӦںϴǿߵȴԶᣬϢ
ҶҲһڲøӦ纺ڵ纺ȻҲͬǡūԪаѪӿĶһ
Զ϶ǵΪۺ״̬ϸӦͿԴſģ
ҶԣĪİ֮Ӧÿ˵Ĵ˽½
ӦûᣬֲԪаʣӹ칬׷ɱʵͨΪӵߵ
纣ںɣҵǵܣһһͨʱܻص磬֪һС
ҶȻһЦȻ뿪ǣʣ纺һ˼ڣͫϣ¶ǳǳľѡ
Ԫаʣôƣȫָ˰ɣ
ҶѾԪаʵƯС
ԪаٿȻվػشˣҵʵжΣҲ˵۷壬Ӯʡɵһһأ


1500 һ̱
ߣѰĴڡҶһЦԪаʵ۷ģ
ֶۡ
ԪаʼԳЦݣҡҡͷһĻΪߣҾȻûֶҵΧ
ֶ۵ʵǰĴڣǰ֮УΪĴڣʵ۷嶼δﵽҪӦĴڣȷЩѣ
ʵ̫Ҳʮּߡ
統꣬Ҷȡơն֣߶δսʤƾһ
ƼȻѻָھͻʥɽ磬ҽһԹͥϹŶΪģݹȥ֮󣬺úϢýʯڵĶɽ֮ŻĲ̤֮ҲһΪĴڣ
˵꣬ҶԪаʣ޽֮գ˲ӡСǧʹһɴֱӰԪаʣ޽֮ء
ڸȥںϵʱ򡭡¼δʼȴѾֳ粨
˼Ƭ̣ԼʱԪаʾͻصʥɽ硣
ңҲյġն촫ݶٷһжѳ䶨շǿߣõʮǿ칬ִ߿ܣɱȵõһǷҪջ޴
Ȼûд߶ǧͼϢ򶯵ʱ
ʮ
ҶȾͳһС͵ʰ֮УСҲû˿Ľ磬Ȼ֮󣬷ʴ½֮У㼯ǧˣɫɫﶼС
½ûн磬һʱۼ֮أҶȷУ·һͬˣҶλãֱӻûһΪ֮ǰֳĴ󶯾˿ڣֹܴӣԼһ̵Ļôţâ̫ˡ
ˣزۣ̫࣬ߵģûм
ԭѳΪˡ
һƬɽ֮УһƧ˵Ľ֮ҶϢںϣһУҶȵԺ
ԭֹһսʱľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӸŹƶ󲿷ֶ֪ҶȵĴڣˣҶʶύЩǿߣҲ£Ҷȡ
֮ҶѾΪƶһ㣬˶֪һ
ƶҶȻһЩ
ں֮ҶȾ߳Ƨ֮أ֮󣬾һǰһЩаػΧ
Ҷֵܣ
˼Ҷȣæʩٴ
ҶȽ֮󣬼ľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӣһЩ죬ﲻаǹƶ޽֮ؽύ
ҶСܣǧҪ洦߶
ľ쳼ҶȣƺҶʧһ󹦷ʮֵҶȵİΣԼҶȣ̾¡
С˵ļǣֹӽύ㣬ɷħҲܶ࣬ʱʱ̣̿鷳ߡһǸ鷳
۳ƹҲѵ
Ҷ򰲾ȺСƣ죬˶ôߵͷŸӦȻȻ֮£ƣҲ˴󲿷ֵƿء
ಡ
Ȼ䣬ˣʴ½֮С
һĸߴͬˣ֮æã֪⼸߲ơ
Ŷ
ϢҶȣȻüëһоͷעˡ
ǿаĽ磬ǹƶɣѾһ·ȷϣҶľ쳡۳ƹӼˣһ·ڹƶ£
ˣۼһƲʲôҪǣѾʼڳ֮С
۶Ҷȣ
֪һ̣ǵɷֹĸ֣ҶȰžƱȤż˶Ի
ҶɱҽôʵȻǿӦж۷ˣǶ٣ںһͨٸֶԿ⣬նɱҶȡӦòڻ£ƶ
ƶ޽֮йϵǰɱǲŲôˡַ
ҵиƻ
˼š
ԭһ̵ˣܺ棬ֻ֪ϣʲôƻʲôƻӲҵĶ䣡
ڵҶȣһ֮ԳЦЦ
ߣô̫ˡ
ҶȫԪаᣬںϣôֻǺεȵĸ߶ȣҶ˵һѪ⣬㹻ˣΪǿҲԽԽˡ
ʵߵ棬ʵԪаʴﵽĸ߶ȣ˭Ԫаʵ֮£̫ࡣ
ʲôƻҶҲ⡣
ֵܣڸʲôЦ飿˵ҷһ£
ȻԱ߼аҶԳЦΧ
ûСûУֻ뵽һӰˡǣҶҲֻܣ˸Ц˵
ҵļƻǡ
һˣڿʼ˵ˣһɨˣĿͬǣܼ򵥣ǲһ壬ԸҶȣǿԽֹӻǵɷǰãҶȲǵ𣿡
ð취Ǻð취ǾԳֹӵֵܣֵܳ˿ǾҪΪ𣬶ԸҶȣ
һǼɱҶȣֿԲӰҽ̵ĵ
ˣֳޡ
ƻȻһá
ƻǺðʵݻԤϣ˭Ҳ֪һ̣֪ᷢʲô¡ʵңɱǵĺýڣ
ҶЦ˻һӦԼƻ
ڵˣҶȴӲŹһЦǼȻһ̶ֹӵѣɱǣǸӲüɵΪɱĲһֹӵѣһȺѵû𣿡
˲䣬ҶȺһ;ơ
վľǰȻƶ۳ƹӵͷ̾ۼҶȵҺȻӦʲôҪƺܸоֹӲưոݣ
ѰǺ£ôС֣ȻҾ͸ɱƶһ裬ǿϢͫͷš
ֻԤСҶȼΪΣʼ硣
ã磬߸ԳֹѵĺˣҪǽҶֵܣͻȻаＱæܽ˶ǡ
ƶľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӣ־㵵أ뿴ҶȣƺʣҶôδ֪
һ̾ôô죿
Ҳ֪ҵԤУ飬ôˣҶȻһ⣬֪ģ
Һ֮ǰҶ˵ԤУ˲ź޶𾪣ɹƶһǿߣҶȣһͬ߳󷨡
ո߳󷨣ͼǧˣΧΧ
ƶ
ǹƶǵ鷳ǱǸֶǵĴο鷳ˣԷģǶǿߣ
Χ֮ˣš
Ҷȣ
ˣһۼҶȣŭɶһֱָ˺ҵֵܣζҪʬ

˿ʼ

ƶһȣǿͬǧˣһ׷ײٷκζ
˱ŭƺҪһ̵ݣѹƾ棬ָıƣŭǰƶܻһӣ
ҵѣҵȻӵֹ𣿡ƶһҲó߲һʮۺ
ǽҲŹ㣡ֱˡ
һȣҵңΪҪǣˣ
ȻȺУÿһֻͨҶȴݵ߳˿ҲûмɵɫΧΧ֮ˣףĵ
Ƕ֪ҶһΪ˸ոսٵֹӡ
޿֣Ҳ


1501 
еӳ˰ɣ˼ҶĸڴЦ
ֵܣ߲ƣҾûȱâʱΪеĺãƶӦΪǸ֣֮ࡣ
Ҳм˺ϻ
ҶȰһЦŶľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӡƶˣǷ޷͸ͬơ
õģֶ֮ڣһŴͨȻǣǡ⣡
һ٣Ȼ޷սʤٵģħӡ鹫ӣֻɱǰš
Ҷ˵֪ģҲü̫޾ףֳֻһΧˡ
һ˵˾û˵ʲôʵǣĸ֪ҶʵǶľ۳ƹӣҲδ˽Ҷﵽʲô߶ȡ
ֹӰ֣֮Ⱥѣб£ͳһɣΪֶӣ
ಣ
һҶȱƶسǰ
ΧΧ֮ˣΧǧ֮ˣ޽֮أǾɽ

һٺˣһŭڣ̤նҶȣץһƷɽһûһƬӣƺЩӰӣƷͬ죬ֳ
ݡ
һնߣɽݳ˵Ľ֮
֮
ǷҶһмܣ˶ĳ˳־Ͷɱ
Ҷ˲ӡӿ죬ˣȻڽӹʱΪһζεĲӰ֪ʩչεȵֶΣһζβӰӿռв˸޷Ӱ
Χ֮ˣĿռͨ
ɽţֶһޱصţɽҪӡȻе̰
Ȼ˲̾Ϣ
ҿӣ
˼ãΪӰãҧгݣҶȵĲӰڿռУϵ˸ɽ֮ϣָγһѪ
ԭǱ
һƷϡȻǿߣ
Ѫɽ֮Ḷ́˱ɫеĽеļʣ󲿷ֳ˺棬ƺټ
ֹôһбµѣҶȺ󷽣ƶԽΪҶżƶƺЩɻüһơ
޼׷
ڿ˱ɽɫɽȴͻȻѪ죬ƻһ㣬һХź߶Ѫ콣£հѸݣҶȡ
ֶΣﵽٵ۷塭ҵʵԶԶﵽ۷壬̫󣬾֮У֮ҲѹκεĶ٣޼Σ
ӰҶݣѪ콣ȼŷѾǰٴʩչ֮˴һռ䣬ںϣʵϵ״̬Ȼ󣬱𲻶ϵԾΧռ֮УΪһζεĲӰ
ͣ
Ѫɽϵ׷Ҷȶȥ۾ϵҶȲӰ׷ɱմɱ
Ĳ˶ð󺹣۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӵ˶ΪҶһ亹
ܳӣ֮ա
ʱʧ𽥴ŴƺĴﵽһѵ״̬
˵Цøֶӣ˿ռΪѾﵽܸߵĵزӣǱҲ׷ɱ
ɶ񡭡
һðɣΪ֮ߣԽҶȣһһ̣ȻԸһСӣ
ֵܣֲô˿ԸɷΪУԭıֶΣ㣬֮УΨһɹĴڣǺϻԸʱС㣬ñһնɱ
ͬӰҡ
ã
һתѪɽӹҶȲӰУ̵˷Ȼ̷ɳΧҶȡ
Ҷ죬䳰һЦ߶һɶ£ʹɣƽռͨҲ޷˵Ǵã
Сӣ㣬Ϊֹӱѩޣ
˱˴üȻһһͬӡ߹ȻҶΧγƱǰ󷨺ϻ
߳߳
߹âУͻأ߹ɿµУҶȡ
ֶΣͨ죬ͨջпܣնɱ
߹ҶȻ治ɫΧЩΧ֮ˣ۳ƹӡľ쳡ƶˣѿۼӿ졣
ಣ
ҶֻΪ˲Ӱ֮УϵػΪӰ߹йһеڶιڶͻеι
󷨣һŴסҶȣˣ߸򣬲ϵؿƴסҶ㡣
ǣסĲһ㣬һ
ҶȻûһζβӰÿһζܴߵйнӳ죬޷ӳ󷨣һֱڱ֮С
˿¾һս졭
ز¶ĸ֣ƺּһȽȽ
̫ѲˡȻǵ
һСʱ
ˣôкϻʮؿնɱҶȣû뵽칦Ҷȵû£ȴĵȥǻǱƺҲҶӦ԰취
ڲſ̫ˡƽ飡
ҶͻȻһ߹Ȼ˫֮Уһ׹⣬һлδͷţҵλã͵һƣ󷨽֮ϡ
ͣ
׹Ŀ£׹ͬип˽磬Ҷȳûһ̤󷨣תͶһˣһ׹⡣
նɱ
ҡ
һУ̫ͻȻƺҶȼԦѾԽڳ󲿷ˣˣû뵽Ҷȿƿ硣
ӳҶȳûͶһˣնɱŵ˶òȡ
ݡ
ǱѪɽһγˡ
һ£׹֮ϡ
ɽǰ׹ɢǽ˺ˣҶȴû˲ӰնĲӰ
á
ʼҶȽֵĺˣñɽɹͬ飬ڣӰѾ¶˾
ͣ
һӰͻأڱµĺǰһƼԦ׹⣬ʹţһѪ𣬺˾һغز
³˵³ҪɱңҲܴ󷢴ȱߣɱңҾɱǣӣ
˲ɱ˺ˣҶ׹⣬ֳʵһɨѾɫ԰׵ĺˣͳɱ⡣
ã
ƶˣҶȴ澳Ȼռռƣ׷׽кá
߶
ͻȻγһΣһÿڱȻӵбĺڣһȼյѪ콣
Ĳңǣ
ҶٿȻֿ˫֣ƽ飬չǰĹâѾԽ˱ɽ⻷
˫ȫ߶
Χˣף˫ѾʩչȫʤҪһ̣
ͣ
ƽ׹ǣˡ
ٿ
Ѫɽ˵ȼճ޹âҲֱƽ飬Ʊ˵طɳ

ͻȻײһɼžˣյ
͡
š
һӰڷײ֮ʱسҲײȫעʹӰͻȻ˺󷽣Ǻ󾱣ɨһ⡣
Ѫ䡣
ͷ߸ߵƮ롣


1502 鷳
찡
գ˵ľ֮
ʲôˣ
Ժֻôһʺţ˶
֪ˣҶȣͷųͷʵΪЩע׼ôͨǿɱУڿȫʱȴʩչɱУ䲻⣬ɱˣ
ν˴Ĵ⣬ʵã
һˣȻ˳˼ʱȻ
Сֵǲ㿴ˣ˵ģĪǹƶɷǶֹ֣Ŀˡ
ˣѰʵҲڸƶÿƶ޲Լ֣ɱˣɷ档
ڣ֣ҶȾˣȻˡ
øţ˼ˣʶҶȵģʵֶΡ
磬ֶβܾһеģʵֶΣʹǿķ
˵ʬ壬ҾˣΪղƷҿֹӣʲô¡б¾ͼ鷳
˲ɱˣҶҲԵʮƣƽ飬һ߾ʬͱ֮С
Ȼע£۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӡƶ˻صа֮С
û뵽
Ȼڰգһˣ֤̣ǼˣҶ£ò㱳
˫ȭһ߬Ҷȡ֮ǰɱһôֵܣɱ֡ӣǳ׽ˣӴ㽫գŰɣ
תطˡ
ֵܣȵ㣬Ǵӣ
а֮ڡ
˾ۼһȫΪҶȵأΪҶף
֪ҶֻСţҶȵʲã˴ûȣһף֮ʱϢ
ڶУҶȿڻָսĵʵֻ΢΢ϢԺ뷨
ҵʵˣȻȲϳͷþǬͥ۵ȵȡκһ棬ô꣬Уֶ֮УʱҸֶ޽֮ؽŵʱ֤ԼǡҪáҶȡ޽֮أ¼ȻҪӴķߣͷڡҲ׼ʱЩ߼桭
˼糱Ϊɱһ̵ĸ֣ӿֳģͱҶȲĵ뷨ʼˡ
ɵۡȻڡڡڡڡʵѾһǿ꣬һ㱻ɽۣһնɱϣڣѾɽ۽֡
ҶȵȴģʵȻһ
һɽ确¼ɱȻǳͷ֮¼Լ¼ȵȡģѾˣɽۡǬشһ桭˵̣¼оѻᣬұҪʼһ棬ڰУϵߣҪ뼸ʦ㡢ʦֶֽţڿԶһ棡
ᣬҶһֱ̣ʵڵȴһʱ
˹¼ıɽֵĻᣬҶȾڿһɽľͷ֮С
Ȼһлÿһϵб仯֮ʵˣλֵܶ룬̵ıҪ
һжţƺֻһ磬ǾҶԼ˼
𣿡
а⣬ƶаʲôȻһӰ޵شݶϤ֮Щϲ⣬ľߣոջϤϢ½Ҫ
ô˵ʱ䣬Ҫˣľһ⡣
¼һֱû׼ȷʱ䣬Ϊɽ紦ڶ֮У˹ǰҪ˼棬ӣϢһʱ䣬Ȼɣôãڿȥʶľͷ
ţ
ľ쳵ͷȻʾƶϢ߸Ҷȡ
ڣҶȻѾߵϢ
½һôصܣȻǴ˹Գͷ֮ӳԺһֱӪķҶȰ˼һᣬȻƶϢ
Ҷȹ⣬Ȼپƶһ
ˣ磬ˣ
ͻȻһŵҶƶ֮ʱ󷨳
ƶҶȵ죬Ȼֹһ
ʲôƶ飬ҶȾ֪һңƶʮּɵˡ
ƶ֣ҶȼͷĳĶֵܣҽ֮뿪ʱϣǵɷĺѣħеһǿߣֹϵĸɵǸľͷѾһ
ɷ˭Щ
Ȼ磬ǵɷ״磬ɷֵܣɷ˵ѣħУħӣŵĴڣʵ֮ǿѾﵽܸߵĵزҵĴ磬֣Ҳֲ٣
ȷǿ
ϸϸҶѾܵƶϹģȻƶаҲһȳ֮ģν˾ӣҪվ
ҶȴΣȻһͷͨȻԺնɱ
ֻǣڱʵֻܴﵽ۷ʵȻ޷ԣ֡
ԡֻѡâӲͷƤ֣˵ͱ¶ܡ
ı⣬ֻΪֶƣΪԼ𽥴һţ¶Լĵ̣Ūɳ׾
Ҷȹϵصͷ´󣺡ãһߡľС㡢۳ƴô죿ң㣬ҲŹɣ
ҵʵȻҪƽҵͨҲҪһߣţΪУƶ̾վ
ź󷽣ͷһͨһŻһͨҶǰ
ء
ҶȲʹȥĿǰҺ԰Уľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӵˣٶľ쳲
ȥɣ
ƶĿҶ뿪Ȼرָͨǣת߳˽硣
ƶǼˣɣ
֮⣬ǧˣȥ˲٣ΪһˣƯڰգһɭɭˣ˫ͫͷħħ
ˣ¡
ˣɵ˺˺󣬶ӣɵѡ
ಣ
аʧƶа֣ڰգ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩǱ֮С
ƶһƳӣһ亮ֳô󶯾֪⣬ϧˡѾˣȥ׷
ȻһЦ·һںڰеа£ƶСӳǰɣǶ٣ôһֱûнҿûɶȻڱǰ䵱˱ӻߣ𣿡
ӣǿӵеģߣԶûʸ
ƶסŭҲֹƽȭ㣬ȻǸСӣûһˣ㿴Ҳҵı֮£ԣʼգԼ
ø졭ƶȷǳˣ̻ĵˣǸҶȵСӣҸɶӵһΪҴԲѣɷ֪ɷĹϵӦ֪뽻ɣ
˵棬ʮħ֣ţ޼ɵʲô˵ʲô
ƺף


1503 ɱ

ʱû˻뵽ⳡ˵ĵߣҶȣϷ
Ŀ⣬һֱϣ۹зеʱһ䣬Ϣһŭһţһảգ
ܿ죬Ҷȵ⣬ȥ˶ٴˣһܲ
öĥÿʰ㡭˼Ƭ̣ҶȾͰƯ֮Уһ˼ػľ쳵ˣܷ⡣
ʲô⣬ҶȲ˼ô࣬ɱɱ
вҪвѣ
ƶСӼӿǣ
ˣһȣȻһɨΧˣǷâĿ⣬ֱӾ˴󲿷ˡ
аˣ֪޷ˣ
ƶȻתһɨаٸ֣뿪ȥһأҡ
ô£뿪
һ˹ƶ˼ƶҪǣҪ˻ˮ򡭡Ƕɱ⣬һɱ䣬˭Ҳ޷ֹ
ƶΪǿǡ
аҲ顢
ŮӣԼŵĵӡ˶뿪ƶ㲻뿪Ҳɱ㣬ȴҪΪ㣬Ϊ㡭Ұӱĵˣεȵ۴ĿȻ֪ƶ⡣
ңҲ룬̫аȻſȴҲɵ磬ֻͷ㲻޵
ȥ
ƶأһɨˡ
ߣ
޷ı䣬Ǽһ𣬿¶κβҲ޷κǣǡȴ˭кӣǶŹƶ׷׵תȥ
ͬʱΧ֮ԽԽ٣ֱһûˡ
ֻʣʮħ֣һֻˣƶľ쳡۳ƹ뺫ѩӡ
ҶȵˣһͬħŮ֮ǰ뿪ˡ
Χ֮˶֣ǣⲻҶ˶ǿ߽֣һСģɱۣȻ꼰ء
ѡ뱾ΪУˣһͬĺܳ
ƶЦԳҵѡѡλҵѣ֪㲻Źǣ죬ΣҲվߣ
ܺã˱һ𰸣ɱɡȥץҪģץȥǸɶӴã
һӣʮ֣һ٣Ȼطƶľˡ
󷨣з赲Щû⣬֮ʱңͷһ
ĺȻ䣬ƶ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӡ
㲻Ҫ̫࡭ʵڲУһʩչֶΣľǰƽʱ࣬ȴΣʱ̣չ¶Ӻӡ
ͬ飬ľһ㣬֪ƶ꣬ȥǰĽԼӡ
̫Źƶ󣡡
ƶһЦǷݴݣ޽֮أɱɵģȻתһѪа⣬ʼӳγһѪаɭɭĴаΪ˿µĳӣ󷨱ζ
ֹӵͨҲͬ
ͷſ¶ȥһ硣
ƶʵҲﵽ٣ϧǲܶ࡭Դпܡ
ҶĿתһУʱ׼ţݣ˽
䣡
һħڹƶ֮ϣһɹɾôڲƶĳӣͷųһ֮ڵĹ
Щӣɲ֮󣬾ͻΪ֮еƣǰѵ˹תԼʵһͨ
ƶ粻ߣʵмˢӵġضǰսżԶ֡
̫ž޹ƣ
һֱȥƶΧʮħ֣ĸ֪Ǹ֣ѹǣ⣬ܰѾ˷Щϣʱ֣޷֮
ˣ
һֻɫĴӣȻ֮ڡ
ƶ˫ڴϣƤ䶯ʼһɹɿµаƣΪͬڵսƣͬľӡ
аƣͻȻΪƹ󷨣Ѹ
žણ
ݺʮħֵĹ֮ϣһϺˣǾ֮Уһɿµɾ綾
綾ȻӴͿʼɣƺҪ塣
ڣһնԼþ綾޷ǵ
µľ綾ͨ
̫ž޹ƣ
ӦùƶˣΧ֮У¿ɺãƶٻһӣһ˿ԣʴľ綾аռ٣ʮħֹΪӰ
׷ױӵľ綾ϸʴ
ģ÷
ʮ֣ħаħķûúýжѵƶ֪ƶѲͨ޷һ֮£ͷ׷׼Ȼֳ
޹ƶ򣡣
˶෨ɲǿЦġ
ƶһƳ̾ʩչˣ˵⣬Ŀռ䣬ҲǷ빥ֶΡ
һɶŴͻȻûΪһֻ޴̫ž޹ƣңӻһ˫

ʮħϵع磬е˲亳򣬵֮󣬷ͷŵĶһһ赲ƶٰйƳ֮С
֮ƶѾҵĵ·Ҷȼ֤һĻòϣƶ˵һ
ֻϧţڸˡ
ȥ
ħǣȻƷѷǿд֮У빥ڲˡ
ϧӣͷŵĶϽ磬һһ⡣
ľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӲ۳ƹӵС㣬ƶȷͬҲ˲٣ȥһ֣Ǿ鷳ˣ
ʱһȫ߶ɫɫռ䣬滹ӡһﵽǸزǾͱҪ֣һдۣɱľ˵

ѩӶȵ㶯Ҳǰ㶯ˡ
һȺûõķǺϻѾȫѹƹƶ
ʱ䲻ȥ޷侲Ƭ̡

һʱ䣬ʼͷƶ򣬶磬Ҳ֮ǰƱࡣ
ƶƱֵģɱ㣬ɱұҲɵ
˹޹
ͻȻһۣʼﶯȻһɫĳٶȣ˲֮⡣
Ҿڵ֣ɣ˵ҵĴ磬һҵԵƶ˿ûкһ֣֣ƺ׼
ʹ֪Ƕ֣ȴҲҪȥ
һܱãЩˣͿԻ֮䣬Ҳల£㡭ʲôˣ³ȡģ
һƾˣ֣ͻȻſָ֮Уһתħ⡣
̫ž޹ƣǵÿסƶ˫ٴڴ֮ϣƤʼ䶯һаƣϽ֯


1504 ǿ
ƣ
Ƴգе޽֮ػɫգΪħ磬ָĳһץ
ħͺһ£ͷſĴ½Ϊħֵ硣
̫ˣھɽȫ֪㣬޽֮أڲܵѹơ
ˣ
ʴ½ڲҡΡ
뿪ˣ׷׻عת½ͷŵĿ⣬ңû뿪ҪΪĵ֮
ͣ
½֮С
ħ⹥֮ϣֱͬɨƵģħ˲䱻ûΪ촷ۣ֮һʼ֮¡

ۿһУҪ֮ʡ
һɶ֯ĴͻȻ֮бһŴ죬ҧħ֮ϣҪǣеĶʼʴħ
Ķǵһ̿ʼˣħ໥Կħռƣ޷ǰһ֡
ҪʩչڶС
ĺȻһдŭ
λ
С
ƶͷð󺹣Ԧӣ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩǰЦݣƣԸɱ飬Ҫɱˣܻġԣȫ߶һ֮ҵĽδ֣Ϊһһ̲ʹáھҪʩչ䲻⣡
ð취
УҶչڣƶ˵İ취һĴָ
ã
ͬӦˡ
ɣ̫ž޹ơ˻һ
ƶٿȻ˫ְڴӵͷȻԪ񣬾ȻӵڣӾȻаңһɶ˹ƶڣƶƤһɫ
̻عͷɣ
ಣ
۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӣʱҲûʵһͷųԽǿһ٣Ƕ٣ƶڣͬʱ̫ž޹ڡ
˻˻
̫ž޹ƶƤȻʼ䶯һɹɶڣΪһ塣
ˡ޺һǹƶ
һУСţˣƶģһճ߶ȣɱ㡭
ͻȻʼٿú־ģ

ͻȻħݺУһɿµĶγһӵ̬ðɾ޴ͻȻſ죬ˣ䲻أڵĿռ䣬һҧȥ
ǣʮˡ
ʲô
յĴ죬һӦǲ˼飬ȻתҪͻȻðĹ
ֻǣӴ죬պҧڵĿռ䣬ʮħ֣ոͱӴ죬羨Ϻһ㣬֮С

ߴգҶѾһƿ
˭Ϊͷ˴⣬ĿˣǾǲСÿ֡
ͣ
޴ĴӶƯڰգðʴ
䡭
ֻǹͻȻһħ֮ӴӶ棬пһӰವһ£žƣ޷ѹ

ӳ֮ˣת¶һƤȻʼãޱȣʮܡ
ͬʱƶõҲʧƶر۳ƹӣţӲˣһжδһ

߿еĴ壬Ҳʼʧ¶ʮʬ壬ѪģѾóѪ˵ʬ塣
˵һ㳢ҵĹƶ㽫Ի⣬ȴҲҪĥһʱ䡭
ƶȻס֣ҿ԰Ѷҩ㣬Ҳʹ࣡
ˣƶĹƶֻĥһӣǡ˴ܷŹǣڲΪǸɶӣԼ˽ҲҪɱǣЦǣ㾹Ȼ
ȫһˣײУƤץãһȻǰۺ񣬻һץһħŻ˵ֱӷˡ
ָ
˹ƶľʵǿġ
һ̤һɷӡ
䡭
ΧӿһָӡϢɱôһߣԿռҲоߣǿѾڶľ֮ϡ
ӶħһһͰָӡƻľҲͷŴͨ
û뵽һŮӣȻＸˣѲġ
Ȼ޷ǰָ֣ӡʵ̫죬Ϣðڿռ֮ͨϣľѾԽʵһָУҲܴӰ졣
һƿɲԵڶΡ
ԭҲۺ񣬻ﲻһȻûǰ٣෴ָӡ˿ҲҴס
ͻȻͬҰǣŶľ쳣ͨҪˣ
û¡ľھͷѹ£˿Ҳδ仯ȻǸ򾲣ֻѹ̫󣬺ˮʪ½
ǿ£һжͽ͡
ͻȻתһħ⣬γһɿռκָ赲һľˡ
׹
Ȼľ쳶ָһУȥ
ţ
ͻȻӶħ⣬һȥ
ٵľ
߳߳
Ѹ֮䣬ħʱһɹ磬Ȼͷų˲䣬ľ۳ƹӣŹƶкѩӣһͬȥ
ꡭ
磬Ȼ
գۣ½ռ䣬ǹϵڱߣ֮ǰͷħӰ죬Ҫ޴
ɶ񡭡
ҵģĪ
еħʼڽڴϣΪ繥ģͷֱƤֽڣ鶼ˡ
һħʧ֮£֪жôʹ࣬ƺľˣ̴һħ緢ȻͫʼѪʧľˣѪһ㣺ڶΡеΣŮˣҪѹΪ˫ū
Ȼ
Ҷ۾ЩۣȻģЦúϲ£죬֪ľн̫鱣ȻܶȻ
˴
ͳͳҪУһԲƵħǼƷŮӵͼĵ̡
һаħ
䣡
ṳ̆һħ̣ͷųаħħ̿ʼٿȻΪһ޴ǰ޴Ȼ󳯶ľѹȥ
⡭
Щžɽ㲻˼ĺɫħ̣ھ̾پͷе
ɫ
޴ħһ̣ľ쳴߶һ⣬ħһ̣˾ȻƾյӳֵĿռ䣬ħµŲߡ
¡
ħݺݵ˴½֮У½ʼҡΣЩʣ޽֮أӲ̶ȣȻɽ硣
ʲôռͨһռ
ţԼĹȻ޷ѹϣʶΪƽأȴȻһ࣬ңңͷܣ
˵꣬˫ִ߶ħǾ޴ħ̣һθ𣬽شӶľͷ
¡
½һħѹ£Ȼ½һ֡
쳾ȴܿʧڷ籩֮С

ʧȴħ֮£һһ󷽣ȻĸӰúƯռ䷨ɶľǿռͨǡŰɣŹǣ
һͷƣ޷κζľ쳵Ȼ뿪ͷѹ뿪


1505 
Ϊ޷κοռ˾ȥãǱľͷˡ
磬ʹ뿪
ѲסһߣδŰĹƶȴûʧȥǷݼǿ־
˷ľ쳣Ȼ޼ƿʩҪץסᣬ֮ǰǸ⾢ȥˡ
ƶκβһռȴŹ㣬ӲŹˣ´ΣлᣬͷȻģ޲ͷͨҲ֪ƶ
˵֮󣬼ޱȵƤͷˡ
ˡ
ƶƣһɣϵʧˡ
뿪úϢһѩӷסľ쳣ľɫҲЩѡ
Ҷֵһݵ㣬ڰȴҵȣȥϣƶͷ۳ƹӲ£ץᣬ뿪˳ΪĴ½С
ɻûꡭ
½ϿգҶֳɱ֮⣬ͷһܷиľ˶ȥԷʲôⷢ
Ȼת𽥼Ԧգȥķ򣺡ɱңֶԸҵѡһŹ𣿷Ź㣬ڼӺҵѣ
ಣ
һҶȾʩչͨ˲Ϣʧڵա
ٶȣʩչߡǧͼ̷ҶȵٶȣѾԽ˴󲿷ٸ֡
ٷ֮УδͷŸӦɲ룬޽֮صǿߣӦĴڣͷŴ߶ߣ˲ǰȥķ
˲Ϣ籩Ȼ׵ĺХ֮ϵشԶմ
ȿȡ
Ȼ䣬һϤ
ҶЦЦӿٶȣͼһǱħӰٶԽԽ
˱ľǵ׹УڱһͬǿߣȫһŹľ쳼ˣΪ޷ԸռΪƣ̫ˡ
һˣɱ֧Ԯƶôֻбնɱѹıˡ
ɲ룬زڵ֮֡
ַ˰ʱ޽֮жʱһƯź񳾰ʱУһ֮󣬾Ȼһϴķۻɵ½ء
֮ǰսǿʴ½ҪС࣬ĿҲֱҲֻǧס
޽֮أҪģûأ֮ء
Ѱôһ֮Ѿ͡
֮УҶȺȻŭ֮ĹƶȻϣ˴ŰɣŹģ
㻹л𣿡
֮ҶʩչԪʣȻУһ磬Ͼ󣬿ʱʱ̿޽֮ر
ʵط޽֮жʱգ²ͨʱգֲǸߴʱաϧĵȻɷɷ֪һѡ񡭡
ҶУ׵ؽУĽ磬ϹͥʲôҶ˵ˮס
һɷʣɵĶȻҶǰ
ҶȾڶ֮ǰֹȻ¶Цݣ̴߶ӡһɾ޴Ķ˿ȻӸ߿գͻأͬ˴ƵģһͰס£Ҳһס
˭λͷѣ
˸ƿˣΪˣܵڣ޷ӦĴ¡

ת˲һɹɾƣӺѹѹʶڲϵشʼ𶯣·йɾӶڲƻʼ졣
Ҷȣ֪ʱƯڶ֮ϣƶ˿۶ɣӲȣʵ࣬ҲҲƬ̣ڲɣ
Ǻηѣɷɷֵܣѣħ֮ڣһԪϣµ壡
Ȼûʧȴֲ̿ѣ޽֮ҪסҶȡ
ɷɷɷҾͲ֪ʲôԸ񣬵ǵɷȻҪɱңҲŹҪȻҲϸ³һ֡
в
֮£ҶȻû˭в˭вһС˵̫á
䡭
ʮι֮ͻȻڴӶڲըڶ˿֮ڣʼֹѣһɴ۱ը·ըѸޱȣƬҪ鶾˿ϧ˿һһء
ͻͻͻ
һǱӰµ鶴ƬײץһħѸײڶ֮ƣ˿·Ҫߡ
ڤڤ֮УѸӦƶǿȻ֮ϣΪУ³ȥ롣
ҶһЦǿһֻӣȥҵٶ༸㣬Ҳƿ㲻һаħ𣿿ͷųҿ
ͻ
Ȼħžݺݴڶ˿֮ϣ˿˿ħʼһڽڴϡ
֮ϣҶȵϣЦݣУǸܹƶߣٿǧ֮ǰҲ֡
¾
һľһ
˲Ϣ֮Уһ˿棬ΪˣľҲͨϢ֮飬Ϊ塣
ڷ֮ʱݴ½ǿľҡ׼ҡƼҡҡҡؼҡҡңǿţ᰷ڣԺԺԺȵȡǿĵ졢̩ӡʱҶȵУǾ޵еߣҶȵĲͬ½棬ϳǣԽˣΪɡ
ɽǿߣ޷ǰ
ΪеϣҶȴԶԶں󷽣δ磬ҶȻСģţֻҪᶨԼĵģһ·ȥһﵽޡڰǰ߶ȡ
䡭
Ҷѣڴ֮УͷųԼķڰħ̣ʼ÷Ѷ˿顣
ǡ
㿴˭
Ҷȵһָݺݰڶ˿֮ϣȻԼݡ
㡭
δҶȣ֮ҶȱǴֹ֪һУȻҶȣЩȻӻȻΪ㵣޷š
ǰɣ
ҶɫҾ֪顭ҾǸðʧǲ֪ߵغˣˣΪֹͨǰʲô֪ǱطâЩЩӣͲĴǷǣաɵҲˮ
ܡʵôﵽħӡ鹫ǰĸ߶ȣһӲ࣬ʮԣʮ꣬һ¾ͳΪʮˡ
ûвܵ£ķ̰ɣշ
˵֮䣬Ҷſһ磬һۺ⣬붾˿һ²ס޴ħ̣ȻֱһԹ⻷ȫ߶ħҲֻۼԼķȻȡߡ
֤̣Ѫ
ʵΪ֮£ҶȣлΪʵһǿߣԭɱģڿԸһ·һӣҪΪ£Ը⣿ԸԸ⣬㶼ΪУͬǣ㲻ԸӦô㽫ԿܷʽԶΪʹѡɣҿûʱ䣬ӣ
Ҷȵָͷһ


1506 ԳħϢ
ˡ
ҶȻδµڶָͷѷһƣͬɥ֮Ȯεصͷ
ͬʱ˿ΪһԪӡǣҶֱۻΪǰִһ㣬ѰԪӡڡ
һ𣬲ĵҡҡͷҶȹˣԸԶ
컯ѡǸԼһ·һҵƣҶͫ
ģԪаʣҶԽԽྫǿϻ˰ɵ۵ʮһٵĿִߣУȻƿʮΪﵽٵľͷ
һ룬ԼЩţʮپͷȻֻлһˣﵽ˶ʵЩҶ£һΪеľߣҶУʤһ̡
ȥ˵أúУΪҿһԺ
ҶȾóһϢʥɽĽܵȵȣ֮ʵʵɽ硣
һ۳޽֮ضѹ
ҶȺܿʩչٶȣУͽ붯ʱ½ѾԶ˴¼
ʱ֮ѽ붯ʱ
ʱղһ壬ʱս֯ɣϲ֮ͬʱյĸֻϢٷȵȣ׵شݻ١ɣƬʱգ󣬿¶ҵϢ
ҶȸӦһͷŸӦҲֲһ㶯ռĶ֮Ӧֱ߷䣬ƹ㶯֮ҶҲֻܸӦ㶯ʱյһС
Ҳ޷𵽶ྪãȻܵȻ֮Ӱ졣
ҶȲףΪδ˹ѡһȻ֮أؽԭˡ
칬˾޴Ķռ䣬ҵ˹²̫ʵɳƵֻӣһʡ
ûãҶһ㶯ռ֮ʱǰͷǹƶľ쳡۳ƹ뺫ѩӡ
Ҷʮֶݵشÿˣû¾ͺã
˶δκαԹɫǰҶȣѡ
ƶ̾ȷϧҲѹǴվǸ鷳һβУеڶΣΡħ֮˵Ը񣡡
Ҷ̿ˣÿ˶ЩģƬ̣Ѱһܣҳʮа˾š˽ᱻλѹնɱ˶ԸҲҪҵ֣ΣҲΪҶȣǸнǣ
Ǿͺã۳ƹ˿Ȼ϶ҶȲִЦҶĪ⣬ֶβȻ˳֮¡
ȥǰݵϢ½ѾܽˣҴһЩ޽֮ڸʱʱ̹̿ע½
ûжˣ֪½λãű½һۻɵĴ½ӽпܱ˹ǰþͨһµĴ½ĿԴɣ
ƶ̸˴·ȷǰأҲûںԼ
ʮ֮һƽĶռ֮УһϴƯ֮أûκ󷨣ǿԼٵˣʩչͨ⶯ռѹ
û󷨱˾Ҫܵ޽֮ѹȣ٣Ҳ޷ɵݺᣬ޷
ƽˣ
˸ոճһٸаһƬڵطɳӭӣƶһа޽֮
аˣ֮ǰ࣬ɫɫﲻǰеߣеˣеݣҶȸӦ֮Уʮ𷴿С
˶ǿٸ֣Ҳв٣Ҳõĵɷһ̵˶ǿߣֲš
ˣӵϢʱ䣬ʼ԰Լа취ָ
֮ھҶȣȻڸӦ֮УռڲԶһռ䣬ӦһϤϢ
Գħ˳ڶʱգ¼ʲôϵ
Ӧ֮ҶȲδֶɫɽ練ҲˣǴ޽֮ӳķߣȻ֪˹ѹеܡ
˷Ҫ֮䣬Ӧðжڱһϵ
Գħܷջ񣡡
˼죬ҶҸڣȥߣ˲ע⣬ʩչһ߶Ԫ뿪Ƭռ䡣
㶯ռ䣬һСΧ֮Ϊֲһռ֮ڡ
˻
һӡ֮Ȼͷߣ֮ʮֵĺһǶ٣мٸ֣ԳħУҶ˽һ
֮һεȻ
εȻʵΪֲѲ۷ɵ۲࣬мֶΣҲΪ֮һֻһ֮ң
ԽԳϦҲڡ
˰죬ԳħûгҶϸϸһԭԳħ޷뿪εȻԣƺ½Ƿ˵֮ش¡
ҶҲżţ񻹲֪½ʱܿĴֻǷˣһ̰ˡ
ʮ죬ԳħҵᣬҶȰдҪ뿪ռ䣬ԳħܴһЩƺϢһ£ҶȵϢߡ
ԳħϢȴҶȵʼˣ޽֮أһֱûлᣬ뿪εȻߣðȻʧ˲
ҲżõģֻҪδ뿪ռ䣬εȻڰпһһ½ʲôƻɣҶʵ
ȻǸܣֻ֪εȻ֮ǰ͸¶һЩԭյ˹룬֤ؽģͬʱƺ˹Ҳ뷴˺

ϸҲԿ϶һ㣬ֻз˵õ˹룬ҲУˡһ̡ȵȣ
ͥأ
ͥ϶УԴϴηĦ֮󣬷ͥͳûϵչֵľʵεȻⲻѣ̾Ϣ˵Сͥ﷭Ʋ⣬Ȼܵ˹룬ҲӦϵͥ
ܺãͼķ˸ˣһ˽⣿
Ȼ˽⣬һ뷴ˣһЩС뷴߶ģһкüõϹŶ򣬻෴ߣǶԿ칬ƺǵĽǳаΪƺǰаеһߣΪŴﵽ˰߶ȣ
񣿡
⵹ҶȺܳԾһ̵䣬һ񣬵Ϊһ̣޷ﵽǰĸ߶ȣֻܳΪ
㷴ˣЩࡣ
˵
ҶͻȻʵǷ˻һ˭
졭ΪεȻһΪ٣ʵѾԽ٣ʮֵؿ£ڷˣһεȻִᣬʱʱۣ¶˷˶˽ˣ֮٣


1507 뽣
죿һ̵ĵΪǰ񣬵һȴȷˣĪǷ˵죬ʵǿڵ
ҶԽĺ档
ˡһ̶ǷеĽϴҲҪǺΪУ֮Ҫ˽һ
ңɽƣʱʱ̿ڱ仯ҲҪӪԼ
ѹԪаʡֻһʼ
пܣͨԳħѹεȻ죬ӰУƿˡ
˽ʱ䣬Ҫһ̫࣬һ̲ŴǧˣȻмϹŶ򣬻еһİ񣬵ĲŽᣬ˽֮ãѾĥϵò࣬εȻʵһһˣεȻѾڽӽʵȻδ֪һܳԽεȻ
޽֮Ȼܴ󣬵ͷȴûж٣һ뷴˵䣬ǰУûϵһ֪
Գħһһʵ˵
õһѶϢһӣҶʣɷиδ¼Ļ
ĻûУţľͷμؽ˶֪˹Ǳ칬ѹģֻЩӳͷ֮ӳֵܣ֪ܣεȻģ칬᲻ṫȻѹۻԼͷ»кܴش
ϸ룬ҲЩܣϾ˲֪ԭ칬֣ǰʯͷԼĽţܣ֪
ԳħһᣬδʲôõϢҶȵġ
Ȼȥʱʱ̿ΧʲôٶϸңԼҲע㣡
ҶȽ֮󣬹뿪˿ռ֮С
Ϣռ֮⣬һ֮Ѱһ֮أ̴һٷ
֪¼һƿأ
ٷĿ꣬ͥ
ҶȴĵûѡȥͥôǧͼҲֻֻڲ֪ںδǲͥͰһˡ
֮һӰӶռҶһ¶ϲЦݣһɶȥӰڶ߿ջ档
ˣͥ䣬
ɿȥ䣬ˬЦݣƺϣһҲǵ칬һͨߵطеĽɫ
ĵܣʲôջ񣿡żɽʵ
ԽҶģ΢΢ʼջ񲻴󣬻δ¼ʼĩ޷Ԥϣ޷ƿأǴʲôʣǽǳ£
ǧҪ̫УͥҲյԴ˹룬˹ĵ㣬Ӧ÷ǳϤ
ڳͷ֮磬Ҽǿ֮һ˹й̫Ĵ˵ţǿˣݣǼ棬û뵽仯ͻȻ˹Ҫؽ
̾´ӱ˵޿ɺǣ˹ʧȥģȻҪƿأȷǿ٣ȴӵа˵ɴۣûпڣ⣬Ҳնɱĵ㣬˿ԶҪѺڳͷ֮磬Ȼӳһжڤڤ֮עģĪݡȥ
˼С֮ǰ뷨ʮͻȻðʧһСģҾͱ¶ݡҶȴʱԽ˾塣
ͺãڵʵѾǿˣ츳پͷУûĶ֣ȻǰҲһѹ㣬ʵʸ򷴿ߣչݣʼǣҾڻʱĺȫһ¶ݣǴֵ
ԣģ
ǱģҲȡ˵Ľ飬лȡҿ϶ģģԿͥչĽ飬ѴŲֵܣǱƬʱ֮⣬ҾȥӦ˹룡
𣿡ҶһεȺ۾ۻᣬܱͥܿų⡣
ƣⲻһ˼ȫѡ
Цݣ˫ͫǻۣʱ򣬶һ£Ҿ˻ˮԭ࣬ҲǿԼͥ¼ĿǰΪֹ̫ͻȻûжٵף̫äĿز룬ʵ䷴
ҲòͽȥֻǼ仰ҶȾ⽣ĵ뷨ȷ̫ðʧ

֪Ҷȡ
ҶȶЩ⡣
㲻һĵܣ㾭һɽ籩ͷ֮¼ʵľѾܾˣ粢Ծӣֻϣʵδﵽ۷壬¼һУ
УҶȺȻһ֣éٿ֮С
ܡܣ̫ɣɳ̫죬̤ɽꣿɣһˣ̤ɽ磬ʹ˴棬֮ڣӷһԼеٸ߶ȡˣȻҲǴ󲿷֣ǿžͷඥ㣬ȴǿԼꡭҪĥ¼ֶݣһаɣ㲻ֶ۽͵һǧҪԼѹҪһлᣬԼﵽһֵ
죬ȻһжˣãҾű仯仯ݣʱ򹫿
׾ͺãֻǽ飬Լû˿㣬Ҳ޷㰴ҵԸȥӪ
磬һϢϴȥһ˹ͥʮͥ۵ش۷ɽ磬죡ҶͻȻ뵽ϴ¼һĵĻ⡣
ŶϸϸȻ۾
ǺҶģνͥεõ巨شۿ⣬λ޴Σʼĩ渵
žž
֣һ̾ҡҡͷش۵ʵǳĿֲҲĶ֡㾹Ȼķɽ翹⣬Ȼ󲿷ֶǴǧͼͣȴҲ֤ļԦ
ˣǸʥ׿񣬻磬ʲôʱҲҪܡܣȥʶʶĳ󡭡Ȼڣһвܣĵˣһֱ޷ƽ顣
شۿ⣬ִһصʥ磬пѹش۵ĿԼǿ
һԪҲδ
򵥣¼һ䣬Ǿȥʥ磬Сǵһ𣬰ˣϢ
⣬뿪ˣһط̫ãпܱ칬Ĺ﷢֣ÿ㣬ʲôʣǶһʱ䣬վߣ
ҶȼͬʦֳͬػѣȻһЦӻ֣ʧڶʱ֮С
͡ҶҲӻ֡
ţ
ոĿͽȥδعȻҶȾ͸Ӧʲô߶ӡ˲Ϣ˫üһɷɷȻħƬУƶʱرһ£Աֻ뿪â
ɷʵĴڣħǶĳ
鷳ϣҲãһ̣еɷʵС£ܹȻ۳ƴ硢ľӵ˳ֵġ
˵ĺܶԣ¼һж˷룬ǣһȫʱӦ鷳ˣʵʵ䵱һСЩͷȥɽִưɣ˹ˡһ̵ȵǳصģ칬ʲôıʼնǸС
ҶȰһЦжȻˣȻϷʷ棬뱾ںϡ


1508 ʦ
ռ䣬ƯʷУ
һ꣬Է΢΢΢ﶯ˫ޣ׵ķң䲻ϣһɡ
һ֮Уˣܱȼˡ
Ưʮħǿ룬ǰаӪֹˮĿ⣬һЦ
ɷɷôˣ
ǲ֪ǰʱ䣬ֹӱƶ裬䱻һֶ죬ΪҶȵˣһشܡɷͻȻ٣ȻΪֹӱѩ޶
Ҳ˵һٴ١һУֶһṫӣ
Χˣǿֻ֣Įģ֮ٻע⼸ۻꡣ
Ϊ꣬ǵ޽֮һУħӡ鹫ӡɱĺɷ
ƶһʱ䲻㱾¼ú£Ҳǵֹ֮£ԼȥûǸ£Ҳħеţ
ɷһЦ¶ݣƳһǰٴеĹƶľ쳡۳ƹӵˣȻּ䣬ʹʮ֣ȥһУʩչ磬ʧ֮С
龪һ
аڸ֣ؿѹŵľʯٿȻʧɷЩŷɥû취ɷȻһ̫ˡ
ܾװ׷Ź
˻صӪľ۳ƹӡѩӴδ¶Цݣ·ٷ
죬۳ƹӲŴ˽֡
ƶƵҡҡͷӷڣûнԽԽء
һսÿжٻЩ
ƶˣȷйթɷмҵȶ֣Ҳװ׷Źǡһʲô飬ǱھﲻԶа֣ڰţһɷҶ֣ǲӲܡҿɷˣΪ½ԸҶֵܲΣ
ľ쳽ŵȻڹϣɷôҶСǲһȥҶֵԺ޽֮أ˵ͷڹꣿ
ԣʲôҶֵܲҪ˽ԻɣҴǣҲᵽɷ
ƶ۳ƹӡѩӶͬľȻɶľ쳣һٷ
Լʱ
ವһҶȴӷ֮գ˲䣬ע⣬Ҷ˰ģаӪ󷽷¡
磬ҶСӣˣ
ħڣʮ֣ۼһߣǵɷһħִӽⲽΪȵɷ档
һַȻǺôĵӣ֪ǲö֣ǳ֣˵ǿˣ
Ӧǹƶ˼
ɷˣ˾ɷ۷ңЦһ޽ֲ֮ŻСӣжԸôСӣشСֹ֣Ӧÿˣ˴ΣԼ˽ãɱаֵˮݵĻûжô
ԣǣ̧ͷͷ
Χ֣׷׻عԵɷѣĿⳤԶûеǰԻ󣬶ݹ֡
Ҷֵܣ½֮ǰǧҪж
ƶѵȻֿ۳ƹӡľ뺫ѩӣ½һǾͿԽУʶ˹ǰ½ͷҲˣϴҴϣͻȻֵþͷھۼˣõһͷӻǼһλǿʲô뷨
۳ƹ˵⣬ֻλӣ棬ұ֮Ҳʦ𣬿Ҳή½ǲüκξͷģֻ֤һĿ
ҵǲÿⰲˡ
ⷬƶüʧҶȣҶֵܣأֶȻǾɽĳһţ޽֮أȴô뿪ֶ죬ѰһһͷѰýܣ
żĿ⣬ˢˢҶ֣˵ɽţ޽֮أţҵĿģһֱֶ죬̤޽֮أһ˼Ҫ޽֮أͬšɳɽһţҲʶ
ֵܵģšɳɽ޽֮أźۺĵ̣޷ȼ޽֮һЩȻλûĿģһ½ͲҪֿһͬ½¡ܹЩʱҪֿǣ½мһܣϣõľˣһЩԦԣԴܣɽ紦ڶʱڣЩ׶֮صˣҲֻܶͶһЩͷ£
ĿǰҪһ£Ҫʱʱ̶̿ܵɷķâҲʱǶ֣硭ҺĿģĲݣƶ⿴֮⣬ħӪһ
ʵ
󣬽вͬɫ
Ҷ֪ƶĵģΪҵģҲΪǵģұҲһܣĴڣӦñˣɷǱ̫³Ҳòȥ
̫ˣɷ治ҵٷڰǰҲֻһֻϣ֪㱳а֧֣Ͱֹ£ƽϢˣ
ƶһɵ˵۳ƹľ쳶⣬ΪҶǰ̫ء
Ҷ˵д֧֣ЩףΪҶڶ̶ʱɳ֮ˡ
ֹӣ
΢΢гҶȱ˵Щ˿ģ֪ߵȻʷ֮⣬һˣͻȻԹޣ
ϸӦҶȲֹ֪ӡ
ҶȻһµģӦ֮УֹѾżħ֣ŵؽλãҶͬʱӵɷڵħ֮Уԭһ£Լ٣и߸ֹӡ
ƺֹбƲȬˣز¶ˡ
֮һа֣Ҵ߽ƳһҶȣƶ߽ŵ磬ֹӶǰǰҶֵܽȥ
˻ճڣ˶һ㶡
һ󣬲Ż۳ƹӿƶɻ󣺡ôֹӣ
ѽǲųΪ°ܽôҶС磿ֲõɷδǣԭֹ֪ӻǣѩһޣϻ۵˫ͫ˸ӨӨ⡣
ȥſµһΣеڶΡشǳ˴ȻλǿУնɱҰɣ
Ҷվ˫֣һ߳˴
ͻȻûӦһҶȶȥȻ֪ҶȱаܣҶȵİΣҪġ
Ҷȡͷڹ꣬ڿϳˣ
⣬ֹû˿Ƿϣ񲪷Ҷȣʼ䣺ҪֶĹӣ
²ҶȲȻһŭ
˵Ѿսò˹עǵɷҲ߳ħζعۿš
ֻҷֶͣ죡
˫֮ʣһŮ֮ʷգ֪δŭ
֮Ҳݺ㶯
ĸˣ
˻ķҳ˵֮ڵķλֹżŭɶͷħ˫ͫѰա
ôʦ
ֳ֮ʣҶоͬڱڣΪ˵֮ˣһ¾ݣֶ֮һĹġ


1509 Ტ
ӣһһ绪
ʦξء
ʦΪ֮һͨߡ
ʦӵ޵ľѪһ˵ҲӵѪ
ʦֹԫֶ죬ҶȣΨһһĴڣɽ綼Ϊټ
ʦģԹͥӵĹȥû֮ʵҲ쳣˵ġ
ʦֻǵõɽ磬һɽ֮ĴУӵɽ籾Դ֮
ĺãҺ⡭ʦ֪ҵλã
һΪµ飬ҶȾϲ֮󣬻˵ġ
Ϣδ˲׽ȻصֶۣڵǴΣͷӦ㣬֮£칬δ׷ٵټֶԣ񣬹ȴҲ׼ȷҵ
ֶۣҶȻ޷жúҵġ
ֻ˶ۣһˣ
Ǿǡʦ֣
ҶȵʱξżȻᵽֶӣЩӶɽ粻ͬʱգһ޷ߣǱͨߵҵ
һΡпǹģ֪ͨľλá
ֶ졭ôǿΪŮӣξҲδﵽָ߶ȣ
ľ쳣Ϊκˣ˽ֶĴڣʱգѰҹĵĴڣȴɻ󣬸һ𾪡
ֶжٵĴڣ֪ΣҶչֵʵ˶ֶ֪һٴڵŮӣ
ֶ죬ôˣ
б¾Գӣʰ㣡ͷ󱲣
ֹӾȻ˵δܵ裬𡢾ͷĴڣ˭ҵ
ȻҶȲ㡣
ħӪУǧˣȻеĲɷΪ飬Ͼɷħеľͷ޽֮أȻͬӪ
и֣Եɷ磬ŮӣҶѰҵİ֣Ҳǳֶڵĸ֣Ҫȥæ𣿡
ֻ˵Զ֡ǲö֡ɷɭɭЦЦͫڣ·һа¡
ɱ١
˭룬˵붯ҶһһƳԶĵɷ˵˼Ҫ֡
ûʵֹħӳȥµĲǱնɱǱֹץסĥƳɶԼܡ
ɹ⣡
Ȼֹ뼸ħ֣ڵĿռϣһȹŮվһƣУһɴŹҫɹ⡣

һٵħֹ֣ӳ֣Ȱ˸ֱͷųһħ⣬ڰɹ⣬ײһ𣬾ƹڰںϡų⣬γһƬС
пҪʧȴŹٴλӶһ㣬ͻأԾѹٿȻһ͵ײħϡ
Է˿ӦҲδУ㱻ײõز
ʦ㣡
ʱˣȻˣһϲ֮󣬹ƶҪȥľ۳ƹӡѩӦöԱ֮
Ҷȼ̽ľһ֮һߡ
˿̣ǹƶ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӿԲͽ鷳ֶԼ鷳Ҳײ֡
ȹŮֻûŮǷ棬еֻĮҶʩ׵ʦ˵޽֮ˣұ鷳ʦ֣Ѱ䣬Ѱ㣡
£Ҷϲֶ࣬۲̶֥ܳС¡
Ȼ˵˵㣬뿪˵
ಡ
Ȼʮħֹ֣£˲Χһŵأͬ˶㣬ĥ
ƣǲ뿪
Ҷ߳һվڹǰû˿飬һЦ͸ʿռ䣺ֹӣϴνѵܸһλᣬͲܸڶλᣬһ֣ҿɲŹ㣬Ҫ˵棬ͷȡ£
Ҷȡ
ֹɫͬ˪һ㣬ԹϴҴˣ㣬һΡһŹ𣿿ЦǿЦǶ˵ڣһǴңӴ˽һֶӣһնɱŹ
˵ʲôӯӯĿͻȻ֮ҶԱߡ
ֹӣƳһۣɫģһɱҶȣɱòСӣֶŮӣһһòһȻͬѰǼƷеļƷ
ŹϣĶɱˡ
ʦ㣬Ըˣɣ
Ҷ֪ĵĹȥģޱȼįޱʹ࣬ʱӼ棬Ҳĳÿ˶ڱ㻪Ҳ֪㡣
пܡ
˫ͻȻʮһĿܣŹϢҶǰҶȶſУ赲ҵˣһҲҪŹ
ǣˣͻȻ
ɱһܶѣŻҶȣб£ٴνֶַ֣Σã
ֹͻȻʮħͷɱĿ⣬
ಣ
ʮˣһһٵٵĴڣʵѾﵽ٣ԴԸֻһٵҶȣɱҲҶֹҶȽ֣뵽ĶԸ취֮һ
ݡ
пܣһٿ֮䣬һɿµĵӰ
žžž
һնеħ֣ͷŵħ⣬ȻӰֱ飬пܣӶ˫֣ӵеūһа˫ָ֣ͻȻ쳤ͬĵУпܿٶȡ
ͣ
һħ֣һӰűֱ֣ͱͬһ㣬ʬ׿
ǿĿܡ
Χ֮ˣۣ𾪡
ֹӣϣɲֻһıпܣһǿߣƶɵıĸɵˣҲȲˡҶȵЦ
ʵпܣԼƶɣʵʮ֮һԸֹ㹻ˣˣԼ¶
Լ֮ǰԶľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӡƶ˵һͷʵҲǹ˵һԣΪģǲǵģڰͷǾʵˡ
͡
пܣ޵ɱϣκη˫𿪣κη˫˺飬ҵأһ·նɱħ仨ˮ
ʮ֣˲˴롣
̫ħ
ȥֹӵҪնɱˣֹƺõʲôѣͻȻһħ⣬һħԣͷų
һħ
ңͷŵԣһħе
ֹӣֲô˸һɷҲǡԭֹ֪ӣõһʵҲ˲١
аӪУ۳ƹЩŵ̾
ǰǵɷΪ׼ħȻټǳ޽֮ߣôҲõֹʵԶ֮ǰ֪Ҷֵܣܲܿסƶ˫ۣһֱδգ۾
Ҷȣ
ɲǼ䣬ֹȫ߶ħ֮۾һ㣬˵һҶƿմ
ƣ
ͻȻֳͷųһɹϵ⣬Ÿոմ̳ħ񽣣ƶһۺ⡣

ħ񽣣ո⣬⾹ħ񽣣ݺݵˡ


1510 ս
ֱӰˣ
⣬ħһ̣Χ֮ˣһƬƬʵڲţһŮӣȻۺ
Ҫ꣬ɣ
Уð⣡
ʦȻǶ١ʵȻѾﵽ٣۷ĸ߶ȣɷʵ࣡
ģҶȡ
ֻξ񡢻֣ξĵ̣ʵڿʵҲﵽ˶۷壬֮߶ȣϱԴ֮սȻǿȴġ
ֹԫҶһֹ֣ԫʵȻﵽ۷塣
ˣҶȴδǳֻ֣ܴŲ³ǵʵ񣬹ĵʵѾɵ磬һͷˡ
ɶ񡭡
ֹЩһȺ£пܣնɱò׵õȻҲСĵˣѹ
š
ˡϿ뿪ʵֶΣҪնɱҶȣʵ̫ˣ֣ǳְ㣬ʵڲʺϣ
һɣֹԺ
ȻһתħӪȻ˫ȭ߬֨֨죺ҡֹδԹ˴Ҷȣֶ졭ҲŹǵģ
ֹӽӡ֮ץסħ񽣣Ȼ˵£ȥ
˾ֹʵ˸еܷѽ⣬ɱֻߣһСˡ
𣿡
ҶͻȻԦпܣǿͷų٣˼ٶȣŤգһֹӼǰնһ˵նɱֹӣħȻסпܹ
ʵǴﵽһ߶ȣһ֮
ֻ˵ùǱֶۿصľӢŵӡ
ʦܣΪӣ֪ӵΪγԽӣ
ĺȻпܣסֹȥ·ҶߣƺʲôҪҶ˵ʮ棺ӣڴﵽʱʦڹѧڣҪŬ֮ʦҲᴫͨʦҵģһΪơ񼶾ѧ
񼶾ѧҶһѪʼڡ
ֶ죬ۣΨһΣΪѰùδڹκѧԭҪȵ٣ҲɣΪ״ӣֶ۶δʲôԭҪȵӴﵽ١
ȻʦĴУҴﵽ٣Ҫʱʦ𻹻ᴫиŶʦ֣͵õʦ𴫳еǵúúŬӱŬУ
˵ֹ꣬ӣ̶
ɱֹӡǽ޷뿪޽֮أ
ֹӲҶȡĶ֣Ѿ嶤ʵɷϣһ˿ɱ⣬δ֣ǵշһ֮ŭ
ɷ
ҶͻȻԼšǿߡͷƵЦΪǵָ·ˣǵΪʶԽǣͲҹάˣֹӴӿʼ㡢ǰľͷΪôߣɱ飬Ҷȣмֱ£ʮɱġɷ˵Ķ𣿡
֮ĶԹˣֻܸ㣬·кԶҪһϾ·ɷȻûжֻǳɫӦһ䡣
·Լ߳ģھ·֮ϣҲҳһ·ɷ죬ֹɱˣǿȥҽ֡ҪΪ޽֮أ˶ɵ㼸֣ҵֻһǿǿ߰ˣ
Ҷ˵ֱ꣬˴սһ㣬еΧ֮ˣû뵽Ҷȵ̬ȣȵɷҪš
Էǳ̫õľͷ
ԽݣȻȰǾûʲô˵ˣɷͻȻתħ֮С
ƺһв֮¡
ǣ֮󣬵ɷһȭգɱȼգÿСӡҶȣδ¼󣬿ʰ㣡
ֹҵֵܣҪɱ𣿡
ħ֣·ǰõģɳʮ֣ȻҶģΧɱ
пܣ
ҶһЩϣʮ֮һնɱ㹻ˣҲԼķâ߶пܡ

пʧֹǰһʮħǰӶԵپͷֱӶ֣ѹи֡
Ҿ֪
ֹƺ뵽ΪϺԴ߶ħգҪһӣ޷Ĩȥ۵֮ء
ۣ
ǣոշɳԶǰƶ£һƣ֮ѹһ̣пռ䶼ΪֹӱУ޷֮Ȼʼ
ǾǱţĵ̣ıֶУδĵӡƵȷռںϣռ䣡
ҶȼǾ޴ƿռ䣬ǿ۽磬˹ͨѾһˣӵеͨ

ħڣɷֱʹڵѪȻҶģΥ־޽֮صĵλҪնɱֹӡ
ɱɱɱ
ֹӱھУͷƿƣǱƵѾ޷߶ԡѾƿء
Ҫɱҡ
һŮڱʱŵֹӣһ̲
͡
Ů֣һɱնֹӲԴӣ˲룬Ȼʧ
ֹͷʬ壬Ӹ߿׹¡
ͨͨ
ʣԵľÿˣŴͣסƶ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩһҲˡ
ֹӣȻˣڹϣնɱˣһŮֱǺ䶯µ¡
ǲģ׷ɣ
Ҷȼֹڹ£̷ģпմѪҶȷա
Ȼ˴пܣȻʧС
Ǿʬ壬׹泾֮Уһķɳ
ʱ֮
ҶѾ뿪˶ռ䣬пڣһɨķûκϢٶһ¿ˡ
ĻָǸҶȣûжǰ飬ʼ˵ʦ㣬ǰһֱ޽֮أѰһʴ½Ϊţ޽֮ص֮
ҵˣ
һɣҪ޽֮㣬һ׶֮ء
ɳɽŶԼĵ˹Ҳص½
һʴ½һʱգҲʺΪ޽֮صвٵĵطѡ񣬵ЩѰʱգ̫̫࣬ӣʺϣΪһ֮ء
ԣҪѡһõط½һ㡣
ҶȺ治ѣʦӦҵ˺λá
ĵͷʦҵˣȴһܼʱ֮СķʣԡҪˣһ½ٽ磬ֲԴȵȣ
Ҫ޽֮أѷʣһؾۼ֮Уƶһſž޴򡭡˿ף
ΪףһǸϺõطŸ֮أȻڲ֮ͬУֻжʦʦ㣬ʵһʣʦҪ½ţʦʱ̿ʦһ𣡡
ͷ˺
һ޴ս


1511 
ĵͷӦ֮ͫУ󣺡Ȼһս˶ʦʦ㣬ӣҪ̿УҪ飬ţǶǵĿ飡
ҪһͬɳҶЩΣһ޴սЩηһţ治ô׵ġ
˾ۼһ𣬵úúѸɣһɣţͲԶˣʦܣƺδ˹ؽ¼رȤͻȻһ⡣
棬˳ˮ㣬ܲռһЩԴЩ꣬ԼǵõԴԷ׳ţ
İɣᵢģͨԳٴ⶯ռ䣬ҲʱҲ֣ȥƬʱգﻹһ·ʱ䣬Ϊ޽֮صʱգ
ɣ
£ҶȿЩԲֻŹķ߿ա
޽֮ظ߿գǿپͷڵʱգȻѹȻӾˡ
ֶҪｨһ󹤳̣
ռ䣬ʱһռڡ
һ˫ޣЩ׵ˣӰ˸ռ̼֮һƯĹһ˵Ӱӹ
ռ档
硭
ɷˣƺл˵ڣԥƬ̣Ȼ̯ģһħУӡֹʬ塣
ڡôᱻնɱӡˣҼѪ⣡˷˻Ƶƺûп˵ˡ
ħֵ֮УǱģҲǵֵܡҲã̫ˣţ̫ħల£նɱˡ˭֪ҴˣҲδǰ˵˵ɷھβѣˣȻԷûͷκ֮У͸ǿѹ
Ϊˣǵħ֮УħӣһУǿĴڣʵ˵ɷ
Ǻպɷ
̫ħ֣ôʱںʩչֵܣ˵㣬㴦̫ʣ֮ҲҪһΣ
ɷֶûжħҡҡͷʱ֣Ȼƽţ̣Ѱһᣬ޽֮شꣿɻǲɳɽšͥͥ칬ȵȴΪУУǻΪǸ壬ûо޴Ĺϵ
ֵף
ҿ㲢ףף㻹ȥֻ˰̶ѣȥ𣬱𡭡ܱЩ꣬Ҷܵپͷ裬ѵ춼ȥ𣿡
ɷѹͻȻֱӰѵɷ𿪣֪жۺ񣺡ݣҲ˵㡭
˵ĺܶԣҴˣ̫Ϊˣɷķڷ
ɷ΢һЦȻˣ֮𣬱ȻҪģڡֶʲôҪ£ȥӴ𡮰׷ħ桯
׷ħ棿ĪǾǴ˵ǰãħħ԰ӳϸԪƷħľͷ
ɷˣ
ִţ뿪ħڵҲȻ֪
ħ԰ħʥĵطϧңˣҲ޷ɷͷһ󣬽ŵλħ棬ϸԪħеİڣӳʵأ磬Ѿǵʲõ޵дڣͨħڵֵܶĿ֪ħѾְ׷ħ棬ƺ˶ʱգҲҪ˹棬˵Ѿ˹棡
˼ˣȥͶ׷ħ棿
ţ뿪ħڣжٵԭ򣬻زȥˣħڱӻǣֻȥͶһܣ׷ħ棬ǵһѡȥͶӦò⣬ʱ䣬ʵʵħֵܣǴȥԽ࣬׷ħǰܸӿң˵ҳΪ񣡡
񣡣ɷöЩƿԡ
ˣȻȥһ뼸Ѿۻᣬܷ̫áɷתط򹬵
ಣ
ɷż飬Ҳתɳ˿ռ䡣
ˡ
ſڵɷȻ뵽ʲôɻ󣺡֮ǰֵҷٷ˵Ҫ֣鷳ȻҡϵûлӦôˣ
޽֮أߴʱա
Ȼǻգֻڸ߿յ񷣬һƬĻ磬ƺɽѾߴ
籩ȻնɱκپͷΪＸɵʱգȻԽˡ
һƬ籩룬ȼյ
Ӱ籩ʱУСͣʱǰԼһķʡ
⴦λãȷһƬ籩κˣɳ룬ǰܼ𡭡Ȼϣȷúλã
Ҷһɨ֮󣬴գ̧ͷ޽֮Ͽգǻգ˾ΪڴΪֹ
ǵõһʦȥʦʦˣľ˵
ҶʱշʱղǺܹʺУˣͻΧռ䣬ʧȥƽ⣬һˣȻջʱոı䣬ʺΪ
ӣѾˡ
ֶʮڵӣң֮ӣµĵӣżߣǵļ̵ĵӣܵһӢЩܣ̫ĵˡ
ʦܣ⴦Σ
ĺȻһŮģ˼ֳζӶһ˿УӻʱպƯ
ʦܣʦ㣡
ҶһͷŸӦѼӵٵطɹ籩
ಣ
һŮӣٿȻ֣Ȼʦ
ûйŮգҲûжŮӵƣպöʮ£ŵЦݣҶ˵Ҵѡõλãվģ
λãֻҪ̫ƴˣҶʩ̬֮ʱǰ
ϣϣ˺ϣġ

ţЦ֮Ӻ󷽴
ֹֻԫ뻪Ҳոմӷ籩֮Уϻһ㺮ϵѹ
ʦ֡ʦ֣Ҷȭ
ʱҲһ
ӣȼյĻʱǰˡ
ߣʵһʱ䲻ͻˣֹԫҶȼƺشͨӦҶʵѾ֮ͬǰ
˱ˡ˽Ҷȵĳɳ̣Ҳһ·֤ģ֪Ҷȵٶȣжֲ
εģһЦһҡͷ
ʦָеƵˣ˶ˣǺúһڴʦ㡢ʦǰҲܹʦ
ˣʵδﵽٺܸߵĵزˣˣʵѾܱһЩո̤ľͷ
ֹԫŵǺıԴͨпܰʣһ
ĵǸչʦʵȻǣǱԴҲ޷ģνٲʦܣ
ҪƶһʣҪǿʵ£죬㣬ʱϢʱҪȽȥʱڲϸڣǵһȷ
һ֣֮Уֳһϸ졣
ಡ
ˣǰˣһ룬һʱ䣬ÿ˸оڻ¯֮С


1512 Ĵв
ȼջ棬ʱΧȼţ룬Ưٿ飬СһʣеСеıȾɽҪһЩƯ֮Уðųȵ档
ӣƯǰǰһʡЩȻʧɫվȻǰҪ˿
ֹԫ̾һ˳ƣôʡȻţ޽֮ؾͶˣо޴ѹƶЩʣͬ߶ȵԼϵز
ÿ˶ѹ֣
ҪǾҪáΪӡ֤ʦǰҲΪ˽Щ̤޽֮ŵĵӣȻǸʸ־ƵļᶨĿ⡣
áɰɣĿһ̣ȴԽӡ
ʦܾʱϢɣˣԴӶĸ򣬻ƶԼһƯʣ뼯ᣬҪʱ⣬ԲһһϦɣҲʮꡭҲꡭ֮һʱٺͨװѹһѹ֮価Ҫڷ϶Դӷ϶ʧϿɣǾȻҪϿʼû£Ҳڿʼ½Ҫδ¼Ƕüʶһɣ
վתˣ֣ޱȵ˵
Ҷ¼Ҳܺ棬Ͼ޽֮أʱʲôس֣ҲһЩ粨һЩȴȲ½¼ңֹԫһƺ֪ӣûжˡ
ȿԸ򣬴Լѡɣ
ȷҷѡķһֹԫҲ̷ɳ˰ǰһҶȡ
Ϊһ࣬Ƿǳ󣬿չҶ½ʦѽ
ҶͷһȣԽоͬ꣬ů
ȻˣҶҲδȡʲôֱӷɵǰһƬǰԼһٶСͬʣСĺ٣󲿷ֶСɽʣС֣Ǵﵽ˾ɽĸ߶ȡ
ЩʣƯܵ޽֮ѹƣ޷ȥƶҪ޽֮صѹ
ǳ׵һ飬Ƶһ𣬳ɹʵΪһɱ䡣
ƶһͨʣҪһƶеȴСʣҪжϵʵҪƶɽ֮ʡҪ۷һһͣȷҪܳʱ䡭ֲͷųǧͼǾԴֻߵеʣһҲ깦򣡡
Ư֮ǰҶϸع۲һʵѾеˣνȫܱ¶ԼֶΣֻܰͰ࣬պãҲһĥķ
ҶȽŷգ취
ͬ޽֮أһƬʱУһС
̫ħΪʲô㡭㻹ǿҵıԴںϡΪҵı
һƫУܻ̫ħڰսУͷħͬԴں̫ħ
ֻ̫ħʵΣԳԼıԴõ̫ħϿɡ
һγԣʧˣ
Ҷȡֶ졭ý⸱³Ǻġ
òˣӶŤĿǽһ𣺡ǬʦġҪΪͽҵͷֻеӣԸֶ죬Ҷȵӣ
顭ϵܣڣ
ȻһƫС
һ֣ղסĽ磬ʧأȻ̫ħǰӡһ⣬ʧţһæȭԭǰ
ˣֻʮòħ
ȴûǷĮʮ飬ЦݣͿȻһͬ¡
ǰ㲻ʦзǰһôп
ź棬Էϲˮ³ʵ
ħҡҡͷȴ͸һΣʲôݰںͰ׷ħ£ʲô£ֲ˵ұҸڣ͸͸뵽ǰֵˣƻָΣƹȻ
лǰģ
ħǷΣƺܸˣȴûбֳһֱΪħ衣
˴һЩ޹ؽҪģȻħ͸Ƕȥ
ʦ𰡣ûɣǰѾ㲻ˣ֮У˸ҡɲҪңĺ
ͻȻɭɭһЦȻЦø޼ɵƺʲôͷһɨ֮ǰĻ
⣡
֮Уħ֮أ԰ɽˮпʼЦ𰡣㵹ܷĴڣǬħϵһ𡭡㻹ƽǬΪ㲼µɱ֡
û뵽ɣ֪ݣҲδƣһֱڶ㣬ۻ𣬱Ϊ㼫пܣǬУ֪ƽٶҵڴţѹ㣬ץʱٲģ㣬֪һжˣ
ҪǸǬʵˡǬ˷ħ׷ħ棬ԼİγɴҪԸ칬ƺҲҪֶ죬Ա𡭡ӹ˶þҪˣ
ҲΣǬɱģһҲ군ˡҲҪԸ㣬ҪԸǬǬĲģʤ߻ҡ϶£ңǬѣǬһȡ㣬𡭡
ħЦЦ¶ݡ
ת
ȥ
һˣħǰ
ħ뿪Ժ䡣
ͥ
ͥռ֮һͥ
һʻŵɽһ߲أð߲ݣΧӣݲϵؼ١
˻˻
һϵķӡͻȻ߲صϷȻ߲ؿʼԽķڡ
Ȼ󣬾һĻˡ
߲Уڵ߲֮ˮȻһĿ߲磬һ硢˵Ůӣ߲磬ֳݡ
֮ͥһشۣ
ƺгˮƺû塣
棬ģǴ㡭صļãҲȼձԴʥѾϢѵˣʦǰһֱ֮𣿡
Ѿ֪ǲԸΥͥΪҵĵӣҲӦЭˣƿء
شۼʧûжɫͻȻԾ𣬷ɳ߲ɳأƤȻ߲֮ˮʼᡣ
Ʈ䰶֮ͷһȻ󵱿֮ϣһɫӰʹߣϢѲ׽߰˰ˣٹһˣ
ڴһҪ¡Ҽ칦򣡡
ɫӰͷʧˡ
شһ֣뿪ɽ
ղÿ졭ԪҲһɲס
ʥɽ磬ʥ֮У֮УͻȻһ󶯵Ȼ¶ŵĿ⣺ѵǡشۣ߶ı𣿡
Ӧô꣬һֱҵ֮Կƾ֮ʩչͨѰҵҵϢѾ֪ҵϢڡ±ϸ򡭡һӣʥɽûˣ
̴һ
ٵƿնȥ
ҶȰٻһ㣬ӪһСҪˡҲ룬Ϊһˣǣôˣ
ͻȻվȻʥɽշȥ
ӰǰĹ¶


1513 Ǩʥ
ģͻȻˣ
ʥ룬
پͷͻȻѣ·ʲôƵġ
ԪаͷаĿ⣬ƳһڶȻתߵ֪ȥ˺δ
ķһֱڵȴԪаԪа˫ĿһĿ֮ʱſڣΪ֮ϣǹͥͥϹŶҲصͻȻʧд·
ʩչ޷һ˿ĶϤ֮ˣʥɽ綼ûϢ
´󲻶ԾҶóĶ˵ҳϣͻȻʧдϿ֪ͨ˻
ΪʥɽǿͬʱһٷͷŶȥ
޽֮أ
ʱ룬ҶֹԫġϸţȻ䣬ҶüһһٷٿȻʱ֮С
ٷҶȣֹԫɫصĵߣҪЩ˵δĵⱩ¶λã
ʦַģٷѹ֮ˣģΥҵ־
һۣҶתͷ߿գһץһٷ⣬ʱָ֮У飬ĵĲӰҶǰ
ܣģʥɽ򣬻Ԫаʣ˭Ըʥɽ𣿡
Ǭɱˣ칬ҵҵĴڡܸӦң͸ӦˣοҵΪҪԸңѲͬꡭѵǡ
һɲõͷļ䣬ľȻʹʥɽȥҪ֪Ҷȿ˲߶ԪӡһԪĨɱ
Ӧ÷ǳԼֶΣΪλҪȥ
ಡ
Ĭʮ֮һٷƿն
ʦܺæƺҪ²·֮УĴӣٿó鷢
ˣĲߵʮִæбΣϻʼټٻеĸ߲㣡
ҶٷԪаʵĲӰֳʮּе˵
һ⣬ٷϢ˲ϢʧҶȴϢתĴӱȭλʦ㡢ʦ֣ʦѷ£ϸȥ½ټɣ
ȥɣ½ȥ֮ˣſʼһЦĿҶʧʱС

ʥɽ磡
Ҷôǧͼ޽֮أκʥ֮ϣ˲ϢӦʥԱۼʥ㳡Ԫаʡͭƻǧơ״ۡ۵ȵȶٸ֣ڽȴţҶҶԶ³ȴ󲿷Ҳʮֽǡ
˻ˣ
㳡ϿգɾͻȻ߳һжٻһһ̧ͷ
Ŀ⿴ȥҶֳҵһ㳡Ϸ
ô£أҶȾԪа
ҶҶԶɾ״۵ΧȥԪаҡҡͷֻܴŸӦеĻģͻȻʲôԤУȻʧˣˣΪҪߵĻ޷Ӧģ
ţʵѾӽͨ񣬶Խ֡
Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣ȻһɨˣָҶԶҶĪȻȵˣھ
Ӧǹͥ׷ٵϢΪ˲ʥɽ磬Żѡһˣ¶뿪ɣ
ڣϸ֮УҶ뵽ԭϴι֮ͥУ¾ǻͷԴش۱Ϸˣˣ͵巨ͥŹ֡
޷ҵֻܴӻ֣ĳͥҶ̫ˣͥ۵
Թͥشۡ嶼һʥɽ磬ʲô
˫ȭһ߬֨֨졣
һĻ˼ǶܸӦҶȵ飬ԼǿҶһ֮
䣬ҶƺоĿֱڹɾϣҪǨʥɽ磬ʥɽ̫ˣֻǨʥǣɽģҪã
һ¡ɾش
ҶһͥĿ£ش۵ǿ̷Ȳһ£ʥɽĽ磬ʥˣȫһ֮ɢһʥǣϷӡʥǣ˽Ȼٷ֮ˣʱҪҪ˵أȴҵٷ
ǣ
ɾʲô̴Ű֣ɳʥǡ
ȴüʵҪʥǴߣܰɣֻʥǣܴʥǣ
Ҷ˿Ϊµģÿˣɵĵû¡Ҫʥǣװǧͼ
԰ɽһռ䷨Ȼװʥǣһٸ֣ŻҶУƿɽһ
Ҷȥæ
˷׷׼ҴɢȥóǹغĴ¡
Ҷȣȥʥ룬ʼСǧ飬ʥǧͼļƻ
˿̣ңԶ޽֮أ
ųķ籩ա
ϣβҪǰη
һ¶Ӱӣһ㲣ɫʣȻĻġ
УһգյˣΪҪħ֮УΪѰħԪ
һ̣ôϣԼһˣֶôìܣϣҪһСɡ
Ѿ޽֮غƫƧգɡҲ
ĺȻף˫Ŀʧȥɣͷһ磬شۣ֪㲻Źңʹ߸ӲŹңͥǿִ̣㡭ˣҿʼҲҽ
˻˻
ȻԼϢ޽֮գԼϢͷųȥ
ţֻҪ˽⣬ʶˣѰϢȻҵڡ
ǡΪҶȡʱ䣬¶ԼϢͥע
ŮˡеŮˣ˵ۡ
ô̫ͻȻˣΪ˶֮ңʥɽ磬Ҫȥ
ҲŽļҵôװ׵ķˣȻʥɽв㣬ҵζʱҵ
޴ʥɽ磬еĽ綼ʧˡ
ǧˣﲻطɳɽ磬еĻףеΣеڿȻʼա
ЩᰡǿӪɽ硭װ׷ڸͷⰡ
ǧˣĿȥԹɾ̫ľΪףʥɳǽ
ŶѪ˷̫ˡ
ûбҪ˲ѡ񣬱Ȼǵˣ̫ǿˣǿˡԼЩϣ޷Ըĸ߶ȣھɽ磬һ֣ھͷһֻϣ
ɾдѣһҡͷ̫̾ľѰÿǳأһˣһ
ͥƵҶȣòԻǽšʳҶưոݣͻȻȥΪˣʥɽ磬ô벻ش۵ģȥһҪɽαҪȥ¶뿪ͥҵһΣҵڶΣ㲻Ϊɽ磿ҲΪҰɣ
ʥ֮ϣҶһ˹ظ𽥿һ˵ɽ磬ǶôķƽˮշУϷ
ڣһоš
ʥǣ磬Ҳȫӡˮ©ȴ˳룬ҶȾҪʼʥǣǨƽǧͼ


1514 ĵ
ͥѰһģмԭУȻҲΪҶҵ巨ôӣԼܱ֪
ȻǲҪѰһģҲҪѰڹĵطȻЩطĨɱѹ֮һģйص˻û𣡡
ʱԽԽ١
ʥɽѾˣҶȻۣһɿȻоɡ
ʹﵽ۷ͥǰǸСɫ
ʥɽҪΪش۲Σͥй¶ȥǻģʥɽ磬
ΪͷӵеѪ
ڱ׳ʿľģϵطǰԻ󣬿δԽһʥɽ硣
ͥҰʥߣǲȥ׷ÿʥɽ˰ɣˣҪŲ鵽£
ˡʱʼʥǣǧͼʱʱ̣̿ͥĸ֣ͻȻɱ
Ҷתʥǣ׼һͻȻԺһʩչ龻֣գ۹¶ŵĿ⡣
ġ㾹ȻϢӵԶԶģͷϢ
Ϥ֮ҶȲ֪ȻȻ֮УӦĵϢѾô߶龻֣ͿأӦһûϢ˴ڡ
ѵѵҪͷԼϢΪʥɽȡʱ䣬ͥעҲšԼһˣȻʲôʧ˰ɣ
޴Ůˡжˣ
ҶϣʹϧϾͷʥʥ֮С
˰ɣ
޽֮УеĻģ΢΢һЦԵǰݣʧɫ֮Ҳһеķ羰޽֮·ҶȣǧҪˣҲı䲻һУϴش׷ɱ㣬㿿ŴǧͼŶһ٣ϴΣͥѾйѵǲ㻹лᣬߵģǧҪ
֮ͫУĺżìܣٿȻ޽֮أ𣿾Ȼǡش۰ΪҪ
ء
ɫշ籩ϵϯأ·˵޽֮صš
Уֶһѹ֡
ġ
ȻʮӰӻɫһȻȶһ߲۵ŮӣԱ߻һӰ
һκشʹ߾ͳУʮ֣ৼ£ͰΧ˻ڵա
ģ
شʹͣǰӸ£ĮУ׸е֮ɫһŮӡ
ۣ֪ҵĳɳһ࣬ҵĽҲӦֽ𣿡Ĵž˸УĮȻ˵
شɫǱ£еĵ֮һĲŻҲ֮УһģϧңΪʲôΪʲôѡѣӵ˵λӵ㻹֪Ǳ˿Ԫ񣬵ҲñѣҲ뾡취㣡
ΪһҽһˣҶԼʶʶ֪磬иɫʣ
ȻˣҲûʲô˵ġ
شϧʹߣʹߣЩ뿪Ϊ£Ȼѣþɣ
ʹЩ
һʸ𣿡һᣬԣش۾ĸһ㡣
ǲɱ㣬ֱܵþ𣿡ش۴֮Ȼ󻺻ز˵
ͼˡ
ʹؿģƺɱϵĽˡ
˵ģԲҲӿԺʹȥֻһӶĥ֮УܣѡأǰڵõԴظңǸңط屦СݣͿԻһˣ
ĿңƺңҶߣҲδһ뿪
ʹͻȻΧĵʮֻ֣һѡ񡭡㲻ʹȥ֣ץȥʹʩչͨУõһУ
ģǶǹͥˣαɱ
ʶʱ񡭡
ʮǿߣٵĴڣҲǹͥϹŶһʵ¶ﵽָ߶ȡ
ǣģǶĺѣ
ɱ
¶ȻЦݣһɨһϤѣȻû·ûѡ񣬹ͥݲңСȻûйͥλãɣڴҵУҲһְο
ɱ
ʮϹŶȻһͬɱȥ
ƻ
һᣬ˫̯ʮָտʼϵزָһɹ⣬ָ£ϵȻ󷢳ХС

˷ʮ֣ʵԵʩչһУһʱ䣬һ޴Ļʱգϵص籩ɢһЩСʣ˽ͷŵƣΪ촷ۡ
۷ǿߣ̺ػ
κˣֻҪƬʱգ˲ͻữΪ촷ۡ
û뵽ĵʵȻͻƣԼԼ䣬йҪͻưˡ
ʹ߿شۣҲ⣬ƺû뵽˴ɱ䣬ʵǿ
Ԥϣʮ֣κһ𣬶սòֲ٣Ȼʮһ֣ͬʮУͿ»ġ
ڣһδεйȻѾʮУʮ֣Ȼδ»ģ޷Χ
ʵڣϡ
ϧˣϧûα¼һŵԴصɽ磬ҾͿԿǣ񡭡ҹֶͥһ񡭡ʹҡͷ
İɣ˲Ŷǣһ١ȻȻֲ˶ãЩϹŶ൱ۺȥļֲ˶ã
ش۲ûκοϧ֮ɫĮƺʵԣǼĳ
ĸʱʵЩϹŶһ뿪֮󡭡
ⲻ
˻ģɨϣ
ʱ֮󣬻ʱգﵽʮ֮޽֮أھɽ磬ǧｮΪ
֮ʱո߿մݶ
ץһŹ٣Ӹ߿ʮǿߣΧϣڸ߿գֿʼһɱ
ӻʮָ֮Уϲ٣һɹǿУޱߵصγɺƣʮ֣޷ɱУĽ뽻֣κεĿռգҲ״ܼĹ֮С
ǿԱ֤㲻ȥģսɣȥһܾˡ
ǧغ֮һϹŶֿʼȰ
ˣѾһ㣬ǲǴ߰ˣء·ɣ
Ѿϵز٣ͷС

ʮ֣û뵽ôãĻģΡʮ˾Ȼͬӡ
ˣ֮ǰʶͥͨҲûаһأƺҪʩչʲôͨŶɫͻȻ
Է
һϹŶһӡ֮󣬾Ȼڰգһ޴İУһϵ
ȥطǰģ
ԷġҲ֪˰ɣҹ֮ͥͨһԶɽشЦ
ϣҪѹˣ
һԵĽʹߣЦһ˵ĵ治ʲô


1515 η
Ū˵
޵׵֮
ͻͻͻ
޴İԷһһɹ⣬ʼںϣһ㣬
ƣ
׼ãȫʼע֮УﵽԽ٣Ȱżڴӹ֮УΪһ޴УϣŰԷȻ
¡
ٶȿǬУײڷ֮ʱڵգ·һжȻԷâɢȥ࣬ǻУȻڻڵİա

ʮϹŶɵãױ֮ǧףɼֵǶô춯ء
ȻûĵʵȻѾԽ١ʹ߳΢΢ըﶯȻشۡ
شȻû˿ɫĮĵʵȷ֮ǰˣȻܻѾʧ߰˰ˣһιͻΪ
֣
ʮ֣ƺУյʹּ⣬һЩԾȻٴη롣

ȻһɹУ͵˴

ڸһʮ񣬻ľȻֹ£Ƕô˼漣
ǻӶһУȻٴͬ
ͻͻͻ
һ޴İԷһθӾ޴֮ʮϹŶð亹
Էתһ޴ڶҪСĻġ
ʹߡΪһҪ𣿡
ĿԷ̹ȻһЦҶȰǲʩչħԪġħڣ԰׷ħ棬ҲħԪϢȻһ鷳ڵ㣬ѾԽҡ죬ҾҪش֤ӵеĵ̣
𣿡
ʹĺȻһ㶣԰ԷһĻģƺҪ֣ͣһ޷κε鱨
شһ߲֮·ܿ͸ģûСڣƺһаħϢͷšе̣ĿԴɣҪǰ֤ǶԵģ
ħԪ
ԷҪѹڻڿռʱͻȻһ磬һħ˳ҶŰԷһɲ˼ħ⡣
ٿ
ħаԷ
Ȼ޷ŵһĻˡ
ħⲢδ̬аԷȻڽ٣ֻħԪ棬ͻȻһص⣬ȻͼԷȻĪص·һֻ֣Ѿ޴ԷȻƿƵġ
ΣȻôħԪˡ
ǡǡħУ˵еļ󷨱֮һħԪ
ȷħԪֻǴϸԪĪʧˣôͻȻڻĵУ
ӵĪȻȻܰѹƾ𿪣ʲô˺
ʮϹŶ˳Щľֵһͨ񣬶˵Ȼһˡ
û뵽ħڵС
ʹҡҡͷʼﶯҪѹģٻҪغϣ˷̫ʱ䣿
ȷħԪͥϹţǿߣ֣һԪڵķԪԦͷĪϸԪһʱͷ
ƺ֪ʹҪˣشֻǵעħԪ
ɣӵħԪһˡƺףΪıͣҪѹ̫ˣ
ʹͻȻһ֪ͳ˾ģǰգһɨʮ㵵ĸ֣ŭ
ǣ
˿뿪Ужˣģսȥ
ʹߣ𣿡
ץסħԪͫȻһ⣬ɵӵĽʹǰڿֱӣͬ߶ȣ㣬Ƕôηﵽ߶ȡһ죬Ȼ޷ʵ֣١ӵ㽻ֵʸ񣡡
ҲδĴڡԴﵽ߶ȣʹһЦȲ˵ѵԴóɣ
ҲҪ˵һ䣬ȲȽ֮˵ɣ˵һͷųơ
ҽ֣ðΪ꣬¶˶꣬ɵ磬жˣҵĶ֣Ȼҽ֣Ҿͳȫ㣡
ʹ˵꣬˫ֱͫһɽɫͫ⣬˿ռ䣬ֱĨɱ
ƣ
⣬Ȼ޽֮գԽ޽֮ذ
ȫһȫӿħԪ֮С
ٿ
һħ⣬ħԪ

ħ⵱ɫͫ⣬ײһȻ󣬽ɫͫ⾹Ȼٶ࣬ħԪ棬һص⡣

ԭǽɫͫ⣬ҲŰԷһ㣬ƿΣ֣һνֿɲͬˡ
ħԪ֮󣬴ӽʹͫĽ⣬ֻ΢΢ͣħԪȻˣܵ𶯣һƶֱƶħԪȻײڻĵš
˲ϢľͲ԰ֽһѪ
Ȼһɽʹߣû뵽һ࣬Ȼǿ˹̶ֳȣȻ޷ħԪֻһС֣Ҳ˿Կġ
ǣʹһĿ⣬ˡ
ʵӵħԪҲûôģ籾ʹһƷҲ潻棬һʵݣֻǸأ
ʹ˵꣬ȻͫһǱħԪ赲Ľɫͫ⣬Ȼٴġ
һ˵Ĳ
㷢ɢңһ̣ڷȻ˰߰ףͬ½ޣһֵ̣һ
ȼձе˼㵽˰񣬻ܿңڡȼձҲûãʵʵ
һĵ͹ȵӽʹ߿У
ʱĵ㷢԰˰룬գҲӶʮ£𽥵رʮ꣬Ҳƣ˱仯һδ߶ħԪ
ٿ
ħԪһ˵ħ⡣
䡭
һθոײڽɫ֮ͫϣħ⣬Ȼֱײ飬ңƯڻǰħԪһˣٴײлš
ȼհɣ
ľչ¶԰׵İ׷ʼ裬գһӵʮ꣬ٲȻǸ
α˰
صشߵʮ֣ɵãȥеֱӿشۣƺڰ顣
شȻ뷨ȴȻ䣺ͥɵչףҴϸԪ̤ԪʱЩ𡭡ЩǶӦ֪ûйأɷԲûвþôͥͲǹͥĻɢ칬𣬱ȡǰ㣬ʱʱ̶̿ȡ֮
˱׳սȻشۣһ˿ͬ顢֮ġ
һĮ鵽Ů˰
˵ĺãˡʮϹŶȻǿȥΪ顣
һ̫ľһ档
ϧ
һľһֻأ޳쵴Ϊۻָס
ʹһֱΪ֣ͫһͷųĽɫͫ⣬֮ģνսɣƿ֮ϣκεô𣿷ͽʹˣ


1516 ţǱ
ֻ֤Ҵڵļֵ
գۣѾǸ׷ԲԵͷȻ󡭡˫ִħԪ
ڱУ壡
ʹͻȻ񣬱ý
ҶȡģģҪԼȥԡ
ͻȻǲٴа׵֣΢΢̧üģϣڴ߶ӡ
áأǿд߶ԪҪԺԪӡ㲻˿𣿡
ʶĽʹߣشۣһ߶ԼԪ񣬶ԿӡԪĻɱӡԪĨɱԪ񣡡
Ҫôף
شͻȻһͷ߲֮ջΪ߲ʳӣġ
ˡ
ħԪȻתԷ߲ʳӡ
ġԭҪȼձ߶ħԪֻǼ󡭡⣬Ҫɱɣ
ʹͻȻҲġ
֣ҪˣǾûǰɱ
⡭
ħԪǿͷģգ·𿴵ʲô΢΢һЦָüĵ
ߡ
ָһüģľˡ
ʹͻȻ߶ޱۺԣһƬ⣬ʱգΪɫգһֻ֣ץȥ
̷
ͻȻں󷽵գһӰȻ󣬱һԳ򣬲ƾʧ
㣿شʹʮ⡣
ಣ
ֻڵĿռ䣬ص໥ںżһ£ľʹӽʹͷŵĽУһת˿ռ䣬һǰ
ס֣
ӣѸײڶ֮ƣ־ץס
㻹ˣȼһգץ󶼷
աô᣿ô᣿ѵ
̷ģʱüëһͫУ𺳣޾ŭ
һŮˣȻƵȼӷ绪գָͳΪʧȥŮĶ

ͬʱڽʹߡشۺ£ħԪһα˻Զط塣
һڣ˲˿
վֱŭҶȱԳԹѵ㿴Ϊȡʱ䣬˷еһСҸ
ҲŹʥɽһСأʣδй˿ԥ˭סң
αװҶȣ˵ȻǰٿȻ߶򣬰ѻˣ˲֮С
û뵽һ㡭
شۡʹߣѾ֪ʲôʱһһңסҶȥ·شһƳҶȣ߶ߵĵӦþΣҹͥðСӰɣе㱾°˾ͺãҹͥܣл棬ܱ֪
һڵСӡʹҲЦ˼
Ҷͫתһһң߾ͷشۡʹߣǶǹͥľڣҲǵɵ۷ڣһһСεºܣǽ֣찡ⲻǸңһЦ𣿡
ʹߺȻʵҺܺ棬㾹ȻӵдߵϢйϵɣ֮£һǴߣ
ǵȻһСôӵдߵΪǴĵӣеӣͥʦϴûе֣ΡǱģ˿ӣֻ˵ǹ̫ͥˣ
Ȼͥ뵽޻Ҷھſڴƻƣֲֻ֪֪ʲôʲôӡ
ߣдϢϵģԿѣȥȻȡ档
Сӡ
ʹ΢΢һشҲɫ
Ϊ£ȻйϵεȴڣǶʹ߲δ𾪣ǼЦűһͷĿˣΪ֪ҹͥҲã
ҶҲҪúһŵĺܣֹӣɵشҲûʦһۣȻɽ磬޷ץЦ󷽰
ΪдǧͼشĺȻһ䣺޷ССӣϴȥʥ磬ǸǲǴ֧ߣ
񡭡شǰͳͳЩͥͷ
仰ҶȾʹУϤ̫Ϣӷɿתʱ̷ۣǹȻ֪Լӵ˴ǧͼ
ʵȫǵĶֻ֣бͨܿһȻһᣬ߶ǧͼ
Ҷȿǰƣǿ߶֣֮Уһˣ޷⡣
һϢ칬ȻᲶ׽ҵϢǬҲӦ
Ŷ칬
ĺȻҶƺ뵽һӦ԰취ˣˣ
Уֽкãϴΰشۣʥ磬ŪˮһգܶӡԽʹشۣʮϹŶѾעǶ֣ҪԸʮϹŶЩѡ
һͷˡ
ϴΣҶʥһӣ˴ͷ
һΣҪһδӡ
칬
λΪͷҪӦ֪ұǿİΪҵͲҽˣʷǹͥҪƾõ޷㣬ˣһͳɽ㡭ϸԪǹͥˣԪҵʦ𣬲Կģ
Ǵţݸ壬Ҷȿʼδۣҵһʹ࣬ش׷Ҵɽ磬ץסңǣȴҹ⣬ʥ磬ǰɱø䲻⣬飡
˵Щʲô壿
ʹߣƶǶʮֺؿǰصˡ
Ը񣬾ȻûֱӶҶȳ֣Ȼɵɵĵһԭ򣬾Ǵǧͼڶˣ
ҵ˼װǸҶңҵʦǰԲŹǹͥڴ˹Ҫ칬Ҳڰдǹͥʱڣܣֵðɣ
ҶЦЦ̫ˣݣȻ߳ɽ粻֪ͷ˵
˵꣬ͷһơ
Ҳơ飬˷롣
ССһϣǰͷҫش۶ŭˣƺҶȴĴţûжá
ٺ٣ҵȷǸСұʦдΪɽشۣòߣ׳ʵǿú̸һ̸ǷŹģ뿪ؿƿΣ
ҶȵһЩʩչڶݡ
ӶãǶãΪղͷŵƣΪĳһľͷ⴫ݶȥġ
޽֮أ۷壬ƵһƬ£һƬʥѩɽƯڷ֮С
ѩɽۣ֮һ𹬡
ΧĽɫ칬һ㣬߸ߵ
ಣ
һȺȺ칬ִߣȻͨĴ֣ǳȺӣΧС֮С
ԣ칬ɽеĴӪ
Ȼûҫ۵չâҲûһ˿ƣ죬Ǹӣ칬ִ߶ƽľš


1517 Կش
𹬣ԼԼѩɽۣ֮·ʱʧȥ
֮Уĳһ̨֮ϡ
칬۵ߣγǣһֱ׾޴
΢΢ƯţһɫĴ顣
ߣΪ֪ﵽεȸ߶ȣƵģһ಻ɭϣƺؾɣ̺һĪͨ
ˡ
Ȼ֮ڣһ
ͬʱۣһһץһӰֳһɢӡ
࡯նɱִߣ֮زز׷ٵϢץסӰĿ˸ɱ
ˣ
һִߣᲽռ䣬ǰ
һߵǣҪϢѾˣǰȥնɱǰǶΪӣ
СӹӡĲӰȥ
Աߣ۳룬΢΢һ֪̾ʲôʱԷһͨϵط
Щ˶ϢֻҪǱ¶޷ӹǵ׷٣ͷֿʼ׼ۣ򣬸Ӧأ׷Ϣ
ˡ
ٿȻڣһϢʼǿ˸
ʲô˱ˣǿң
͵ۣ棬̴߶ֻһϢϢ֮еһߣվһ˱۹Ӱ
һߣ̲סվǡǡ
칬ͨϣڶĳطڽ֮£̫ˣˣһɽ絽޽֮أڸӦϢ
˿ϢȻһߣĬĬشݳһ
ಡ
һ칬ֶӣĽ˶ӣͫһɹڲͣش
μɹ
ߣΪǰ㾪ˣλ֮ߣȴߣһӣһȻʩ𾴲ѣҴ¡
Ϊˣ칬֮Уλ޷Ĺڣ̫ʼ
̫ʼɽǿߣ˭֪Ǵֻߣ칬߹ƿ˵Ȩ
̫ʼһ˯ѵƣģߣĪطϢ
ȻߺȻ̧ͷش֣֮ǰ޴ĸӦͨһɽ絽ɽÿһ칬ĸӦ󷨣һͬӦϢ
ͨڶ̫ʼͻȻһ˿ͬʱ֣һȦ֪ʲôʴ
ߵ˷˽ûܱȵһɽ磬ɱ칬ִߣϣִͷ֮磬ȳط˹ȵǬ
ȷش֣ϴ뼸˺лнʪ֣֮ɱ˲Ӽâţ֪âţ칬׼صϧϣӦλã԰ѹж
ǣ
̫ʼ޾ͱ£߳󷨣ͷŵգһЦħ𣬵æѹ뵽ҵֻ֮ţ޷ɱ㣬ʱΪδںֻ֮ŵԶţ޷նɱ㣬ڻعӦҲвҵɣ

˵֮䣬һߣȻ̫ʼߡ
̫ʼ߱ȭʩأϣողط䣬ΪŴ칬ԣڳͷ֮磬ҲܷߣϹǬҾȥץ
𣿡
Ȼɱڣúã߾𡢴˹ȵȵطųģ˵ЩطϵպѹЩ֮ززط
Ҫʱ֪̫ͨʼٶԣ뿪ռ䡣
Ϸδˡѹ߾𡢴˹Ϸݺ޵Уеֳ󶯾Σ칬
̲ǰ֮С
Σ
޽֮ء
֮УҶشۡʹߣҵش۵棬ˣƤӣҵʦ𣬿ǰʱң֪ͥشۣǰӡ
ȷЩ̣
شڿڣҶȥŭգǵȷֵǳΪ֣㣿ҪΪţĿˣСӣĿЦ
£
˵꣬شۣ΢΢ﶯۣ䵱һ
̷
ش۳֣ʼδҶȴ׼ʹ߶̷Ķǰ

ߣٶȻǲشۣͷŵѾﵽ˷ռͨ޷ĸ߶ȡ
Ҷˣԭת޷̷
һڣܷӳܷӣΪܷӳ٣ʵɣ
شָһ
⡭
̷֮ܵǰӰ֮Уʱּش۹ҶȾͲòʩչͨ
ԴԪ
ͨںȫ֮УҶȾҪһεҶˣͻȻռ䣬ŲƵһԣȻ֮ǰڵλãһɷϧ٣Ҷȴ
ֲǱطڣӵĿռֶΣСӣ޷ߵģʹһֱδ֣ȴһֱעҶȶҶ뿪»̳֡
Ҫˣҵȵ˾Ҫˣش۲мֽɫ֣һУҿ¶޷£ֻܴ߶ǧͼ֮䣬ϵˣȡʱɡ
Ҷȱ̫޼˻ף׶֣ǣǿ̫ˣ߲ʡ
粻ԼǱ
ǧͼ
ҶȰд߶˴ǧͼڴʱشֶָһһ
ٿ
ʱҶˣǳ⻷֮У
ǧͼߣûпܣԽ̫࣬ȫƬռ䣬û뵽ϹͥڿԵõ˵ķ꣬˲мҹͥǶôĿɶ񰡣
ش۵ͫҶȽǳ⻷ͬʱһ߲⡣

ţΧеĿռ䣬Ȼһ߲ʵ
ͬʱʧҶȣȻգ۹򣬸ոʧʹ߲ռԵ߲ǿֳ
ǧͼܵģ
ճɲ˴ﲻı˰
Ƕôʹ򰡣
һΣһΣҶȵõǧͼʷ޷뿪ռ䣬ռֹ֮ԭΣͬʱ֮Ҷʼɢͬˮڱڣ޷ơ
磬ش̫ԵˣѾﵽǰĸ߶ȣԸʵȫͻʵռ䣬޷ӳﵽǰĴ
ͬʱСǧΪε̾
ʵҲ֪ԲͷԼϢ칬ǰİɣִϢѾǰˣֻҪס
ǧͼνҶֽķ˾䣬Ǵǧͼ޷ҶȣգҶȾͲò˽֮У޷򿪵ģһ취Ǵ߶
ɣ䡢񣬶ؼ䣬ܣıˣ·һʱǰ񣬾󣬶ҪɽѰ
ܡ
Σ˵ɣǧͼ̣ڱǰҲвͨվ𡢿ǰҲȲ㣡شԴǾңƴףϵرǡ


1518 칬ִ߽
ΪңǲŹͥ
һ룬һ롣
ڲشۡʹ߶ݶʱ򣬶Ƕǣ
ҶʲôˣسƣءδĿģԽߣʲôɵóˣÿԴʯͷＷ
ʵ׵Ķ֣ҲóشʹߣȻɵ񣬵Ƕ٣ЩӰǿܲܳԽ
綼δȥ
𡢿ͷĸֻ֮µĴڣͥܲɵһ˫԰ѶԷնɱǴһ֣ΪҶȹͥ
ôͥ
Ҷץ㣬ԴŪͣͷΪľȡʱ䣬ʱ䰡Ϊʲô˵ı
Ǻ£ֶ֮࣬޷ģҲг룬𡢿ҹͥͷСӣQôãۿĲŹˣ
شһ䣬߲ۣʼ죬һɹ߲ϢĴǱ֮У͸
ˣ
㳡ҶĶ͸ˣߵͻȻͫһЦ
ţ
Ҫֵشۣʹһͬͷų֮ɫȻЩţȼɱתмҶȶ֣ҶҲ޷뿪ش۵Ŀռ䡣
ಣ
ʮ칬ۣӸ߿սͥʮ֣ٴУ칬ִߣһ񾭣ýġ
شۺȻʹߣ칬ִʲôȻˣͱ뿪
û뵽ôϤס
ִ֮У֪ʱһߣ˫ֶһɨͫƽʼþ㵣Ȼ͵һ㵡
㵣·߲ռ䡣
ش۰ô㣿ߣ̫ʼԻߣһɨ߲ռ䣬ûһϢ
شҲЩ⣬ΪۣƣȻǰѹЩ졭
죿㣡
칬ĸ
ʮ֣ͥĸߡ족ɵ

Ȼ߲ʿռҶȣЦ˻칬ȻΪңɳλڳͷ֮µĸ˼λԪϣΪȻһÿشۡʹ߿⣡
졭һͥϹŶͻȻ칬ִ߶ǰǿһ֡
ǡʯˣôˣȻͣ٣
Ӹ£һɨ֮ˣмͻȻﶯұۡ
ͻͻͻ
һһεľȻʯˣк󷽵һߣ֮Զ
ǿ̫ǿˣ
죬ڱǰݲЩҲشۿʼŭ
ֻһȺ٣ǰ񣬾Ƿʥ˵Ĳ࣬°ϣشۣϣӦöģ
һ߳Ȼ֣Щִߣٿһͣڸ߿գ߲ʿռǰͣż⣬ɨɨشۣȻĿٿȻʹͻȻɱݺ᣺㣡
ȷңǺǣ
ʹƵЦЦӦȻ˵칬ʱʱ̶̿ѽ
·ŭȼգȴδôǵ㡭ҹͥٵֵܣֱ֣֮ǹ֣ʹߣһ죬칬ᱨѩޣ
ͥ칬ǰһͬˣ
ӵСҶȣȴЦݡ
ͥ칬
̤ɽ翪ʼһֱŵľ޴ȷɽǿĴڣҶͨһУһΣͬʱվͷǰ
ҶȣڲһС
ֻǣҶЩ⣬һĻƺЩͻأе̫ˣδ׼˾վǰ
Զʹģƺ칬ĸȻУǺǣ죬Ϊźˣô죬ҲҪȥǣ
죿첻Ǻӣ
붷Ŀ⣬ʼȻҶȣȻд㵡
شһĿ⿴ȥȻΪҶȶһСӣѵֵ칬ϧͥĦ
ҵˡ
ŭش۴һ˿⣬׵ɱãҵ칬һֱѰҵˣ
ɱãΪɱã
ǽʹߣЩ⣬ЩЦڱʹУûɱ֮ˣ칬ִߣɱãһһɱ󣿡
ĪСӡ
˼شۣȻԺйһ룬ͻȻʹߴС𡢿ϵǳǶҹͥ£֮ˡĪѾ칬ɺҪɱСӣ칬ȻҪ
пܣ
ʹͫ΢΢ۣȻûǷƣģСӣܷŹ칬ûйͥйͥû칬
ˣˣλˮø칬ҶһˣΪ⡣
˭Ǻ񣬼ɽ磬ÿ˶ǣҶǼΪмġ
ǽһҪߣ죬ǵĹɣɲǣش۾˾
죬ͻȻɫ
ĪҪشۡʹ߶֣֣ưոݣ
һںüݣҲ޷ɽ磬𼸴¼ʼٸߣ칬ط

£һöըڳÿ˶ը췭ظ
ˢˢһʱ䣬ĿⶼҶϡ
֪شۣȻûǷɱҶȣͶѵõЦݣһƱŮˣ㾹Ȼ̫ˣͺã칬Ҫץ㣬أٸߣֻйͥԱ㣡
ƣǷ·ת
ղŻҪɱڹȻҪ£Ҷȡ
úݵŮˣشۣŮˣ˲ӣѾҶûϱʾ
첻ˣװߣ칬طشۣҪҪȻ칬Ϊ𣿡
شͻȻһݣƾۣΪУ죬㲻仰ʮֿЦ𣿹ͥ칬ѵǺѲɣ칬ҪɱˣҹͥҪ֮ˣشۣ汣ˣ
𣿡
£Ҷȵȴ˻ᣬʱˣһģشۣ֮ǰ˵֮䲢ʲôˣ£ҲֲֻҪģ칬ǰסңǾͥҲû⣡
㣡죬С£ȻȻҪϵս
ԳУġҶԿǷŵ˵ݣҲֵز
ȻҶ칬ط֤𡢿񣬸û칬
ڰҶȣȻưͣҶȴͥ𡢿ǿ£ͷ
شʲôˣ̴Ŀɺˡ
־ͷǰ˽𣿲ʲô֣ҪģΪ˴֣Էκγޡ
ǾͷһˣͬĴڡ֮ԣǲǳɹߡ


1519 񶷰
Ҷȿ˼һ¶һ˿Цݣãã֣ҶشۡҾʹӦ㣬ֻҪӴܱסңұڹͥ
ͳˣشٿȻ죬ʮֺΣѾҹͥҪץʱԸԸ⣡
㡭
սͬΪҲеߵġ
̣ȻȻӦشۣΣҲҪ
졭ֻܸһ뿪
شĮȻ˵꣬һӡҶȵͷڽ֮У˰û˿Ժ磬Ҫȥ˭֪칬ʲôȱ۽鷳ٴ뿪
ãлۣҶȿܳһֱƽ֪ʲộشۡ
ֹˣ
󷢳һɭʮִߣҲһһĸ಼֣£󷽣סʮͥϹŶ
䡭
Ȼһ߲ƣ·߲ʿռ䣬ƾ죬˫ڵգµײ
ӰƱȻֳشʹߡ
죬͵ĺֻƶԿͱشۣѹһء
شۿʹߣʹߣԸ죬һⰵԤ칬ĸ֣͵Ϯ
Ǹɽƴڶ֮У˹¼Ҳδףͥ칬ĿǰʺϹȻѣ˫˽𣬿ѹһѹʹԴδйĶ࣬ѵ
ɱģ̫ڱǰţΪˣ
ش֮һ
춼߲Ӱĥ񾪺ӣ߲ʹУԾȻ衣

գͷųһɹɿµķӡȻ󡭡һƬ󣬽ɫĺÿһƬп½γ׳һĻ
ҹͥĴһأ
߲УشͻȻ֣פ֮ϣֻ߲ͫһΧӿĹϽųȥ
ڴˡ
˿̣·߲Уռ䣬ֻҶһˡ
߲ʿռ䣬ش۵ͨɣ߰Ҷһڣӵдǧͼ̷ǵҲ뿪ռ䡣
ش۰˵ʲôңΪҰȫ룿ʵǰҽ칬ԸңΪҪܰ
ҶȲɫԽĪҲζ벻Ȫ֮ڣõͥ۵ء㣬ش۵Ҹպֿںϸԣشۣ칬޷סʱѪɣ
ڣҶȵʱȪõϴóˣҶҲ벻ͷ𵽲ܵ漣
䣬˭۵
ˣںߵ𣿵ȻܣҶ̺̫һ֮漣
Ҫ뿪ҲֻϢ뿪ֻÿһʧ¾ͱʹڰսסˡ
Ҷ׼ʼжˡ
ȻҶ뷨ǧͼ֮ڡ
СǧϲЦ磬ģȻӵش۵ϾԴСǧͬԴ߲ʽ磬Ϣ뿪
ײ
Ҷȿʼд߶Ҳ߶ӡУسشǧͼ֮ڡ
ԴҲϵ͸
ҪСǸʹߣΪʵش֮ϡڴʱӾڣ纺Ĺ֮
˵ȷصĺܡ
ҶӦһʼʩչϴǧͼںش۵
žžž
֮ϣĽʼϣǱը
ʱ֮ն
쵱ץһ칬ѩ׳Ȼѩ׳Х𶯣һնռ侹Ȼѷ죬ֳһ£ɱѷ졣
ǡԽ٣
ߣ
ͥ칬֣պôΧǲòߣһѷ룬һӶ޷ʧգ䡣
ᣡ
ش߲Ȼѷ쿪ʼ룬ǰһһ߲֮һƣƮƮعѷ졣
Թͥ۵ӡȻһںϵͨ޽֮ظȻ߲˲ںɫѷ֮ϣѷһ𣬿ʼǿеϡ
ɶ񡭡ǿشۣﵽ񾳽磬Ѿǧˣһ̫Խʮֹ
һУԼشʵѹԼ֮ϣΣֻӶѩ׳񵶷
ٿٿ
ݺţһɾ˷籩ĵֱ磬ش۾ȥ֮أΪһƬ촷ۡ

شۺ޶ݣΪһŮӣȻ̫Ѫȷ磬絶ָһ㡣
꣡
絶ȻʼһضᣬߴɵĵͳΪһɽƵģ޽֮֮С
ȥ
ʩչͨһδ͵ĵ

һΣɲһ絶һɹ絶ʮ֮࣬γһƬ籩ռ䣬ͬͻشۡ
ɱɣɱһ
ڣҶȴЦֹֿΧͥ칬֣ڲϽ֣еѾ䡣
ɱãֱǻ찵ء
ֻнʹƯϿգģ̫ǿˣƵؿһУ˿ûгֵ˼ͬҲûκ칬ִߣȥ
죬ķڷ
ش۱Χʮ֮絶ռУ̫µĿռ䣬޽֮գѺۣѾ
ͻȻץһ߲֮Ϊ߲ʻ棬һΪһһХ衣
ΣʹӸߴ£䲻סһ޴絶Ȼһ籩ʼȼա
ۡ
ԶһѪ
ƣشǿĵģۣͥɽ磬ȻҲ칬
죬ʱشۣȻԲ
ѪԱճˡ
䣡
߲ʻȼ£˵ҲܱٻΪ˳һɹɵ籩Ϊ˳
ȥ
籩ʧȻʮ߲ʻȻţƻһ㣬شۻһָϵȥ졣
칬ʥӡƣ
һ̣˫ֺʮһ칬ĽɫâͻȻģͬһڵһ
칬ʥӡ
ʹϣһݴʹĵˣ칬ʥӡôǿĴڡ
ˣ
ɫ칬ʮһ̣ͻȻ칬ʼתת֮УһɹɵĽɫơ
ͻͻͻ
ʮ߲֮Ȼнɫ칬ʼʧ쿴һĻЦΪŴ߶ɫ칬Ѿûжˣһشۻɫ칬͡
칬ʥӡϷ춯أ޽֮أ˽£Ѻۣھɽ磬ʱնˡ̫Сˣʵǰ񰡰Ҷһͻڣһ١ҶҪأǿ󣬲ĺףΪζۣҪؽˡ


1520 ʱϷˣͷ
ֶۣ
ǿޱߵ񣬿Ÿ߿գش۲Ͻ֣ҶţҲǰ㣬۷Ĵڡ
ͬһ㣬ҶͷĲ࣬ŻһδεظҶȣ
Ѱ
ӣ޽֮أţʵҶȣУĳɳ
ΪˣֶҲࡣ
ڣҶȲĪ𡢹Žǰĵӣᡢ˶⡣
磬׼ˡѾղش۵ϾͬԴ߲ʽ磡СǧȻҶԺ
ҲҶһӻ
ͬʱ纺ҲӾ𣺡ӵƣ뵣ģѾϺת֮С
ġ
Ƿݵģ纺ȥ⣬Ҷ̤ʵࡣ
ӳͥһ̣ȼĴۡһΣΪʥɽ磬ϧ뿪޽֮أͷϢʹشۣ޷һʱ䣬ҵʥɽ磬ȡʱ䡭
ĴۣȴӻһգϦ׷Բԣ簪ĺɫģİɣĸ׷ѵģѡΪҪ֤ͥԼģ
һŮˣϧĶ
Ѿ֤ҳϣҶΪβ
ʥӡ𣡣
߿УսȻڳš
еͨ޷شֻۣд߶칬ʥӡ칬ش۵Ĳ
ǣشۺҲϸԪǿߣ
ͻͻͻ
ɫ칬ϵתֹشۡ
ٴνӡһɹ߲ʻ棬ͻȻڽɫ칬ϣ칬һ죬ᵹģ
ͣ
һοʼɱ

˿̣ڽսգңԶһƬУסγɵıϣΧ칬ǿߣ֮ϣ̫ʼ֣΢΢°͡
ˣٸȥ֧Ԯɣ
һǿִߣ̫ʼߣǿҪȥ֧Ԯ졣

̫ʼݵ˵ΧˣҲߣ̫ʼҡҡͷڻʺϣͥɱ룬ȻԾ졭ͥȻҲԹۣȻҲɳǿߣʱ򡭡Ҫͥɱֵʱڣ˫ɱǸͥ˵ȵûǰͲͥɱܾˣ
⡭
һĬˡ
ǰȥ֧Ԯ죬ôͥȻҲɳ񣬵ʱ˫ţһ𣬲֪жˣڰЦ
ǡ󸱹ƷһǿߣðȻʵ
İɣܰװ׵ͥҲնɱشȻҲҪȫֲ֣˴ֵ̫ʼֵ
ɲǼ䣬˶
Ϊһȴ˫ɱֵãֵ̫ˡ̫ʼ֪ʲôʱ϶һƺ뵱꣬סࡣ
ǵãҶȡͷ­һ̣壬ĸɸɾ
սգ
ղʲô
ȫʱܵҶȣƺʲôҪ֪ӵߵ
龻֡
Ϊ˱գҶȻǰʩչͨڣ߲ʽ磬ǳش֣֮˿콻֣ϾģǽʹߣҶȾΣˡ
칬ִߵϢ࡭
Լ֮ͨ龻ֵͨҶȾȻӦԶһգв޵칬ִϢ
ѵ칬ǿߣ͵ȴţȴٳٲǼɵشۣͥս
һ֮Ҷƽ룬ȻִڰǱҪӿʱ䡣
磬ˣǿжˣڣСǧϲЦ˹
ãܣᣡ
ҶȻؽӡȻӰֻ΢΢һһ˿Ķ𣬾ͽ˴ǧͼʣµģֻһĿӰ񣬵ȻҲ̺Ϣܵ
ش۱ȻõͨȥѰҶȣԶҲҲҶȵϢ
󣡡
ǧͼڣҶȫ߶Ȼһɺڰʼں߲ʽ磬ǧͼչˣشϢںϣɲǣһǧͼץסںϻᣬ˳ȥ
ɹˣ
Ҷվڴǧͼڣ˵㵸ش۵ǧͼȻɹ뿪ش۵Ľ硣
ǲŵ漣
촩ȥңԶһ꣬ʹһҵĴڣ鷳ˡ˲һӣҶȾͿʼ߶ǧͼ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ಣ
֮УǧͼͲˣңҶȻ߶ߵʹߣҲӦ״̬£߶ǧͼϢ
֮
ԽգһƬƻδʱУǳâֶҶһɵظ˷ͷϵһҲʧ
Сǧһͻ֮ǰꡭ
ǣ磡
ҶһӡһɲӰüķжǳâٴʧգҶȵʩչ󣬺ںϣشʹߣ֪һнʱʱʲôӡ
һ룬ҶȾִ˲ƣ
Ƭ̣ҶŴǧͼ֮Ϣ֣Ȼǧͼ֮ʧõȻ޴档
졭ܾ޷תˣ
һƳԶɼڼսռ䣬ɫ칬Ѿ޹⣬ľȻ߶ɫ칬ֵش۵Ĺͨ
칬𣿡
ش۾֮ϣֵӢָ˲컯һ߲֮նڽɫ칬֮ϡ
䡭
ɫ칬ֵסش۾һȻӽɫ칬֮ϣһն£и롣
һѪֳ壺
ˣ˰ˣΧЩִߣϹŶɱɫ칬飬һҲûˡ
Ȼǰ񣬵ڵԣ̫ʣδʱȥСۣȴ˰Ԫڵɵ֮ԴǿԣԣԶԶۣͨ˭ҹͥ棿
شһǰԷһ˿˼ҲûУش˵꣬Ȼһ㡣
ˡ
Σ٣֪ʻ߲֮⣬üġ
䡭
¸Դ磬Ȼըˡ
飡
ͬ𵤣Ҳһͬشۻ
ˣ
ΧִߣƵģͬ˰㣬ʹȥ졣

شת鲽һ֮ң߲磬ջӶۣ磬Ϊޱƿ֮š
ʹҲشߣΧ

ۿҪشǰͻȻһġͬӰһ㣬Զը
ô
شʹߣͬʱһ£ӰʧΧڵĿռ䣬ȫ顣
ΪҶʩչǧͼա
ϧ˿ռ䣬ȴӰҲûС
شɫһпռϢ˫ͫ룬ȵôֻһĨֵͼͨôܾϢ
ʹջΧռ䣬ʼƽȴûСӰӣ΢΢һ̫ˡ

ڴ˿̣ҶȵȻޱմݶţشۣʹߣǵССආôСߣϷˣˣζǵʱѾȥˣ


1521 ȫ
ã
ΪϣһϢ죬һִ߱ţЦš
ݵòɽټ󣬺̺Ǳʹҵ㣬ĹƤһֱԼ˵Ľʹߣµһαˣ˰ɣ
Ʒŭʨ
ңʹߣŴģһɽ磬ͷ֮磬ʹߣû׳־ޱɣ
ҶȵΪΣȻƯڰգһɨشʹߣ˱Ȼ̣֪Ҷȱָ˵ʲô̶ȣ
ʵǰɣһʼҾίߣССһһǵͥ׵Ķֻ֣칬ԸǣȻҵĿĴﵽˣ칬ܾˣߣشۣʹߡңеϣ
ζɣʵ£˭ǰŪˣͷСϷˣˣǻΪ󣿹ƨԶ޷ĨȥӰΪǽԶϰ
˳ȥҪͷҶڰ޼ɵĺȵ˵󣬷ˮ
ⲻ˶ãϢƿ֮СӴԺǻԸӦϢشۿɶ࣬ģ֪Ƕô
ҾͲȥˣǲͦб¾׷Ұããɽ磬Ϊسۣӫ⣬Ϊ֮⣬졭شۡʹߣӴǹͥجΣŰɣճԵĴնӱͣ
䡭
УҶɵ˵һ仰ʼȼգ
شۡʹߣվԭأû˿׷ʹ˼
֪ش۶޷׷ǻǽҶȵ£Ҷȶ֪ȥ˶Զʹͨͨ죬Ҳ޷׷ҶȵĴڡ
ǧͼӵɽصĿռ䷨
أС˴ˣȻϢ뿪Ľ磬ڡֲܽ칬ðһʧʹָֻݱ顣
һһһ޷£һֳΪ˵ˡΪͨҾͻȥ׷Ϣ
شٿȻתŭɶ˭Ϸˣ
ùͥףݲɳӴڣȻɽ磬׷ذҲҪɱ
ߣ
ףûһۣﶯֱۣһɹһ˾ߡ
ֻʣ¶ʮ칬ִߣ
ˣˣһ˲Żعæ£Χ죬һ𸱹Ȼ˷ȥΪ
ǳ裬޷Ĩȥİ̺ۡ
ɴˣ
ȻһƬɫӰշʮִϲؿգʱһƺһԹҪ˵
ϣģΪĹΪܵģ
һϢ˸գ̫ʼִߣƳ죬ָһ㣬һۺΪüġ
ֻл֣ʧȥΪ죬Ȼһ˿·̫ʼһ档
ʹ˻ȥ
̫ʼִ߱ӵ뿪
شۡʹߡ칬Կ꣬û뵽һϷˣˣҲδȳ棬ͷû޷ѹģǿһϷ
̫ʼͷһʼսգϵش󣬷·пռʪ֣֮Ϣһ˵Ѿһ𣬽ʵȻ٣Ѿﵽ˰񣬼һļơǱһʱ䣬æˣ
ϴֱ̫ʼʮʧҡҡͷ

ңԶ޽֮أȻΣա
ھеҶȣٿȻۣʱ˿̣ѸӦشۡʹȷʵû׷Ϣִ߶ǧͼٴδһΣ붯ʱգǷǳңԶһʱ֮С
֮ҶȾȲ䡣
Կռ֮У̳֮ϣ纺ƯţǰһԽ磬УĻײԷѾںڣҲΪģ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ˣ
纺תպӭӵҶȣ֪Ҷξ˿δеһۣҪϢҲû˵ʲôֻҪһƽĹȥ
شۡʹߣ̫ǿˣ񡭡ǲһİǳԽ񣬽ӽĴڣ
εǲδңģҴδгһգڽ죬ףĴڽ棬ҵĵģõܴҲľ򣬼ûнž񣬶ǿֶΣܹδѣǶҵһ֤
û˿԰ҡֻܿԼֽɽ磬˿ִڣû˿ѹش־ͷһȴ棬ƿ֮УֶΣӹһ١οǸɵͷɾңҾܽһ̤һ٣ڵĽĲľõֻԴƽ
Ҷһžϲ޷飬Ȼǣ纺˿֣һ˵ϣиˣܷʱ飬ΪǿԼ˽ǿޣǺڰ
ԼˣֻҶջ
ҶȻûзſ纺ֻ֣˻ġһڹͥΪȼһΣЩΪҶϵȥҪȫָƣ񣡡
纺ҶĿ⣬ڻָеĻģȷ˹ͥˣ㣬ǲΪ񣬲磬̫ĸ
ת鶦
˼һҶû뵽һԼֶΣŮˣĵĶԴԼ֮£ҵˣ
ʱת鶦ڻ·һΧ磬ʧˣ΢΢ۣͷԼһķ֮С
Ĵ󾪣ǡǴ˵еת鶦
úڻתת鶦ڣתӵ
һҶȵӰڻǰ¶ֿЦݡ
ôɹˣĽڼҶһ̣𶯣Ҷȳ˵Ѿɹشۡʹߡ
Ƕôŵ漣
ϴΣȪõҹشۡʹʱ䣬ȻͷҵϢ칬ӦϢ칬ץңǯͷ۵Ϣ˳
졭ǰ칬ԪϣڶΪ˸Ĵڡ
ѾҶȵ˿
ݲ˵ЩˣԹͥ۵˵ӪƷɣһڵһִڣҪΪԴһΪˣӵͥͿԲټɵۣԣһչͥ
ȻҪǣһȫ㣬Ϊ񣬳ΪشǰĴڣҪٴ֤ļֵ
ûıϢģҲһ죬ΪͬĴڣڹͥĹˣ棬һ롭һôֵڴĻ棡


1522 ħ
ôһ𣿡ʧɫһ̾
Угһգشۣվ̨ͬ
У
ȻУ
ֻе뷨Բ룬ʵ̫пᣬߵĹͥףΪشǰ߶ȣĪԡ
ôûһ죿ҶȣǰֻǸˣһԼŬԽ̫࣬ʱΪ޷Խɽ磬ʲôšǿߡͷǱҲڽ£˦ں󷽣ҿԣΪʲô㲻У
Ҷ˵ÿ֣ڻ˵ɲǵͷȣúðطʳת㵽һ̶ȣһΪϴˢڵĶɽ֮ڴ֮ǰҵΪ׼Դ˵˵ɣǰи׼
ô
𽥰ָͷеĳţ֮󣬱ǰǴˣɱĿʼм棬ڵɵϢʣ׷Ҫڵɵ󲿷ֶҪΪԣȻöԣڰУԽеİͬشۣнӽ֮ԣԣ߳ƣоڵһУҪԣϴһΣ
ӵħԪһҪЩЩ𣿡Ҷ𽥵
أⲿҲҪӵо䣬ԣÿپͷӵеǰҲﲻ߶ȣΪϸԪǹδʱ˳Ϊʱ֮֡š
֮ţ
ڴﵽ٣ʼɱʱͷɹѣҪ磬ʱ޽֮񷣬һ֮ţԣΪϴݺ֮ţҲ޷򿪣
ԭ֮󣬺ܶʧˣ
ؿԣɾƿ֮һ˴ԱԴڣӵнʯӵеġٵɻٵĵҩԡܰңħԪںϱĻӵ˿⣡
ҪΪ̫ܰɣ
ʱҶЩ飬ȻֹΪʵڳӵУȴûǸʵһΪ
ǧͼһҶȶδһģΪοһ
ˣ
ȻҶɫٿȻչҼһˣȻΪԼıֻǶ٣
Ҳ治ѣ˭
ľ쳣ǽ̫ǰŮ
ѽǺǣүү̫鰡ǽ̫飡ϸԪϸ˵ǹͥˣʵȷǿӾˣΪľͷΪľ쳣ںһΪ
㻹ǲҪȥˣҲΪңȥһ㻹δйҽ̫ϹŶƢ̫Ź֣Īȥ
̣ľͷҶУڵ뷨
ûоԡܻа취ģһ·߲ͨ·ܻһ·ͨġȷͻƣֲɵİô٣ҶҡͷһЦֿģƻָٽʱΪϴ裬ʱʵᳬԽڵļԶԿ񣡡
ţ˫ۣʼת鶦ʳת
ûʲôˡ
̳ϿգҶջ纺Ưǰת鶦ٻعڿԽһ١
ҶȾ纺֮ڣԿʼС
شۣʹߣҶȣȻ桭ӳ졭
ͨҶȲõʱţ½ڼʵھʮ꣬ѳԽǰǧĽˡ
֮УҶȻʱʱԺشۡʹĳɽ۽ʱӹ񫡣
ҶȸоԼĵģ֮һۺغн࣬ǴߡߡߵҲ΢΢УЩ
һ壬ľõ
ʵǿľСˣ޷ܸѹջηأηȵȡ
ҶȱͨУúλõĴջΪͻһ٣Ե٣׼
ô£
һ֮Уħ죬һɺڰĻ棬ƺľ׾壬ͻȻһɺȻ
ͣУʼӡڵɹϢȻڰϵؾ
ԭԭǱģһˡɶһٶ𰡣취һδһδȥԼҶôˣĥҵ
ħ޵
ǰԽȥ𣿡Ȼ䣬OO@@ĽŲǰȻһΪ˽
Ǻǡ˵취ƺа취Ҫˣ
ħӡһ֣д򿪣ֻȭħʩ
Сֵܣôϵɻ󣿡ħ֮䣬棬¡
üҡҡͷΪѹ֡
ħ̳СֵܣУʲô죬Ըңˣ֮£СֵܣǺϵϷ򣬾ͿԸϷ򣡡
һͫһĨЦݣת˲ţҲûʲô£ϣʦΪң̫ħƳΪҵıϧʦ˵֮£ÿԼҲûпգһֱڰУȥ½
ϧû£ҵʵԶʦ֮£Ѿ̤˰񣬼е֮£٣ѹ񣬺ο̤˰񣡡
ҾͲףΪʦǿ󡭡ǲһѣ
΢ᰡʦѰһЩǿߣӪ׷ħ棬ĴڣݺϸԪʵʦ𣬶ȥһССĴڣȻ˵ϻ
ǿɶҶȡɶֶ죬˳Ϊʦ飬ʦȻΪںϱ
ͻȻһֱ졣
Ҳ˵ҶȡʦΪں
ͻȻʮֽʦ֮ǰѹڳͷ֮磬Ҷȡɽصƺ֮䣬ڳͷ֮羭ʲôʦ˼ҪõҶȴˣ
а취ôСֵܣβ취ȥԸǸҶȣĥôʦһˣʲôˣħͻȻɭЦݣ˵һ䣬𺳵֮
ǰôû뵽
ͻȻ˫üüһǰܰңʰҶȣҶΪǰհ
ʦ֪Ҿ鷳ˡħѾܾˡ
κ⣬ҶʦǰûаëǮϵҶȴˣƽʹһɼƻֵʦġʱұȻΪǰԣؽɴĿħ˿

ħȻʼì
ಣ
һٷȻգҶʧʱС
ţ
еҶȣӦٷ纺䣬ĻģȻʩչͨ뿪䣬ֳ
Ƕľӵٷ
ٷҶȾʹϢ˭ġ
Ȼ飬ľ쳵Ӱ֣ҶСܣ½ϾҪƶҲҴҴǱȥӡ۳ƹӣڵʱʱ̶̿ˣƺڰһһǻһͬжĺãϵط
ಣ
ּ䣬ٷϢʧҶ˿ûԥ߶ͨ򶯵ʱա


1523 
ʱգ
УǧڲͬϢţ˽֮С
Ҷֵܣ˰ɣ
һУľ쳡ѩ۳ƹӣϢ˹Ǵ
ٶȣӦÿˣ
ľĿͻȻƳ󷽣żˣǿ죬ʱʱܰ⣬ŲˣЩˡ֪ǵɷģһ̣
һ̣ӦҪԵҶֵܣһ֮ˣҲֻͨǣҵҶֵܰˡ
۳ƹӰЦϧǲ֪ҶֵܣʵǿޱȣҪԸԼ۽ȥˣ
ȷǲüɵǣ
Ȼ䣬һϤԿռ䣬ĳƮ촩
һĸУð亹޷ӦҶȵĴڣҶȴܸӦǡ
ڲǵˡ
۳ƹ˲ӡóȻһͨҶֵܣʱһʣǼˣЩɵɷһ鷳
ಣ
ͨУһµҶȣ鲽ݵ֪ԽǺӣһ̣ǰɴǸɣƽͨЦݡ
´֮ǰкɣͦ˵ģһһȥѩѹؿڣЩϰߣ˸Ӧζ
ľ쳾ϲҶȣ֮ѾԽĸ߶ȡֻ̫үүܿĸ߶ȣ˶ãٶȣ̫үүģ
̫ǰͨ󣬷ޱߣϸԪȻϾͷܼҲռ֮ɻ̣
̫飡
޵һռͨľҶߣҪѴǧͼΪȻҪմռ֪ʶ
ҶȿһǼˣ·֪ƵģһˣΪӣû뵽ܶԿɷҲɵƺڵȴ֣ȴᣬҽնɱ
һ̡ȵɷѶԸˣʮɷҲ޷һȣǾܱâͲҪǿ⣡
ľ쳺Ȼܷܷ֣Ҷ½ǣʹҶȵݺݵһۣƺҪǰţͷŷâ鷳
Ŀ⣬ҶΣɵСˣҲĪҪŮˡ
ľ쳺Ȼס̣ƶǰǰ뿪һЩ֣бǣлˣе֪½ڼˣɫɫԼۼ½ʱյΧȴ½ֻҪ½Χڶһ𣬾һ̣ҲĿŵ֣
۳ƹӽŵ͸һϢǾǵɷɷҪֹڶħ֣Ͷ˵УϸԪݺħڵ޵׷ħ桯һɹҪСǣ
׷ħ棿
һϤİ׷ˣҶԺ֮Уǰǿ󣬶Կħɽۡħȴ۵ȵȸ֡
شۡʹߣжٲࣿǰȻҶĿǰ޷Ը
ʩչǧͼ˦ϣȻ߶ǧͼͷҲһֱ棬ϴΣش׷ʹ
ȭͷ֨֨죬뵽ҶȾЩΣĿǰ԰һʸûУпܣ棬ˡ
ζԸشۣĴ߶ħԪһᱻ׷ħӦҲ޷ıǰҲ׷ٲĵϢ룬ˣ׷ħޱȣҪâǰҪɷǣɹͶǣ˵ЩˣϾͳɣ
Ҳ˼ľжµģоʲôûˡ
һȻ۳ƹӽ⿪˿ٷա
Ҷӻˣ
ɳǸȥķһ˵ϷٷˣҶȥλ·ɱӣ
ǣһ˵ϴ߶һٷȥ
·ɱ
ǰ֮УҶʩչңԶ󷽣˵һУһЦ˭Ҳû뵽ӵжʵӵߣһƣ
ҶȾһľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӰλŵĵûпܣһ̻ڰ;Ըǣ
ֶܷΣ֮ǰҲЩڽˣľ쳲ѩӡ۳ƹǰ㵣һӦǣ侲
۳ƹĺȵ淢ˡȻǶ֣ϴ޷Ըǣּܿɷһ϶ɸ֣
һ̫ͬеˣȻҪһο϶ȫԸҶȼˡ
ľ뵽ʲôؿҶȣˣҶСܣλֶʦ㣬˭ΪҴδȸֶǰĴڣ
Ŀһû뵽ľ쳻֮ǰ£һֱҶȵһܾþ뿪ţ޽֮ʦ㣬ӣȽֶ޽֮ؽһ죬ܸʶ
ڴֶ޽֮أһ죡ľƺóҶڹرܻ⣬ֶڲܣҲûмʡ
ѩӱĵӦһ̣
˻һ˵Ĭˣշٶȶ
˻ˮ
յģҶȣˣ޷ܹģǿѾڰǣѰᣬϾͻ֡бǣʵһȻǶ֡ߣҲܣǻһֱβ棡
ľһΣɫȻһҪԸǡȻӳ죡
ҶͻȻֻ֪ͨͷ鷳λǰݱ¶Ϊʱҷֿһǣǰһһǣ
۳ƹһֱ侲˼⣬ҶеĻȻ߳һһҪ뿪Ҳ򵥣Ǹ£
װ֮Կƿռ䣬ֻҪһҾͿʩչܣǵĿܣǰУǾڰϢȴ֮뿪ٻȻ½ΧұǣǲõģұƱػӻҵģ
ã
˹ͬˣҲûа취İ취棬Ѿ֣ͿԻġ
Ԫ
ҶȾʹ߶֮ڵĿռ䣬ͬʱľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӰѸҲҶ֮С
ಣ
һģһĿܣ˲Ҷң˫һ֣ڵĿռ䣬ȻʼųƿһܣֻӰһա
ͨδŰ
ѾϢֹͣɵˣƬ֮޿ռУҶԶȥһĿࡣ
ڣͰѿռ䣬õ˵ĳ̶ȣ

ʮˣԹһ㣬Ҷȷȥķ򣬼ٶȥ
ľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӵ˰ʱ֮ȷ˸٣뿪޿ռ䣬˷򣬼ٷߡ
ߡҿԷſֽţɱǸֲ
С
ҶȵϣָɱϣĵЦݣƳһۺ󷽣һжƻ֮С
ǹ֧ľˣΪľͷſֲһһ˵ȣɱöףһ
ǲ¶ʵΪõİ취
Ҷ𣿶ۣʦ㡢ʦ֡ǶŰɣ½ӣһֶ죬޽֮ؿģҶȿʼʼȻܣ·ڸ߿ա


1524 £һ
Ҷȷ֮ʱͻأӿʮһǺˡ
ǾֶҶȣ
Уһͷ趯޳ӣĿⶴǰƺҶ֮ء
ԱһλˣŭֱգˣΪаӣȻɱҽֵܣϴλֵֹܻѣȻԸҲ
һСһ̣
˸ɱһȥ࣬ȥǰסˣˣ
ǣ
ʮˣֳɳӿ޽֮֮Уʣʮˣʩչ٣ɳǰ
Ҫɱң
֪ôģգҶԱһȺҴ֮Уһ֮٣ֲãʵﵽжΣֹ̫࣬ǲȼ֣һǲǰ򣬵ҶȲҪıҵѣǿ벻̣𶼶ᷢ𣡡
ɱɱɱ
ʱҶڣɱϵطڣǰҲѡرν棬ʵ죬̣һʲô
ȻҶȵĿУһЦǰ
ǻ
Ц֮󣬴ǰͻȻɳɽĺɫתƣҶѹȶ
⡭⡭
ͻȻѹҶ˲һ˼ģŵò֪룬Ȼװðϻһȫһ򾡣
ķӵߣ
֮ǰðЦ
ͻͻͻ
ͬʱѹҶȣڵգ籩ѹɢȥƣűŶҶȡ

ȻһӾͱѹˣ̫ûкϷɿˡ
Ҷһɽ磬ѹͷͬʱһͬݺݵѹڽ֮ϣҶ磬һͬ½ףЩѹˣҶۺ񣬼ʱ磬ŵԾշס
ͬʱʮһ̸֣ǰպѹѹطͷߣʵǿĸո·Цֶ죿½һţ޽֮أʲô½ţع㣬һɱֶ죡
Χˣʱƴ𣬿óҶѾס޷ˣ䣬䣡
ߣôСӣȷЩͨ
ֳһƽһеƣʮֳ㣬һȷЩڱͻȻǿƹȻûм֮ƣǴǻ濹ĻҲ˲佫ס
ಣ
Ƭ̹򣬴࣬ɳһЩˡ
ңӺ󷽣Ҳʮˡ
һʮ˵ģֱǰңҶΧ˿мܣ·ƣΧˮйͨÿ˶ҶȣͷűɱĿ⣬УҶȾ÷˶ζ
ǻһƷκʮƷѹңҾȿǵʲôϷ
ǻѹҶȿæңͷð󺹣ȴǾֹˮȻλһֻѣ
᣿ɱҽֵ̣ܣʱΪβ˵᣿һˣڵغ
ҶȼȽ͵ǲһѽ¸մ½Ͳ֪֪ˣϣλܷŹһ·
ûлˣ
˵ˣ߳һ̣ϵĵĴڣôҫۣ޵У㾹ɱҽ̵ֵܣǾϵ޽֮أһ̣ţ
ܼһ̣Ը⣬صֶ죬ڲֶԴ׸ΰ㲻Ϊ̵Ĵ
һתȻʼҪҶȡ
Ҷʲô᲻֪µס
Ͷһ̣֪һкʵҲ£ңҷˣǵ֮һεȻǿͨ죬Ȼǰ񣬵ʵǿزֱư񣬶һ죬ʵѾﵽ˰񣡡
ԭСҲ棿εȻȷͬΪ٣ϣ߲УҲϣվУ۷Ĵڣͨ޷ģʵξ춯أҲ޷ȼ񣡡
𣿡
Ҷȿƴ㵣𺳣ȴڷССһͨٸ֣Ļ֪е٣ͨ졭綫ǰΪɴɱ칬̳Ƕôǿ¾ǰҲɱ칬̳ɣ
棿
ɶм棬ɼˣȥ칬ȥħڣȥͥȥ뵽ҶȾͲ֪ҡͷЦ
νС˵־˵ˣڵδһ֮ǰһͨǿߣ㷭ˡ
֪ȡֶ̣׸һ̣ɻʲôְλҶʵ
ʲôְλҲһӳ߳ΪĸҲ޿ܡҶȣǸ˲ţҳϣ˭һ٣ٵģǵһˣҵе㣡
𣿡
Ʊ΢ҶȣͻȻĿһ裬Χһ̸֣ȻȻЦ
ȻŭףȻһСϣ£㼸ɫ뿪Ⱦ
Ц֪֪ΪҶȣǸ̤޽֮أʲôСӣ
ҶͻȻѹͷǻֱһȭ

ಣ
޴ȭֱ磬֮ϣ̫µֱطһҶȣһɶ
㡭㡭һ֮ǰ˲䣬ǻɣܵӰ졣
ҶչֵʵѾ֮ǰǸѹˡ
һ̸֣ҲǾĺܣ֪Ҷʵǿ£֮ǰڹϻһʱ֪ôˡ
һ𣿹ҶǰʲôƨǵҲһѹңƾСආҾ͸һ·һɱƵģһ׵
ƣҶԷѾɫǾͶҵ£ӴЧң

˶֪ʲôоˣҶ仰û뷨
ƾСӣƾʲôʴʣһߣйһľһΪû˿ѹ
߳һͦأָҶȲмȵ
ʲô
ȻҶȵͫһ֮⡣
ͣ
һ仯ߵͷ­Ȼ롣
գۣҶȵԪ֮ͨϣɱˣ̫򵥡
⡭⡭
һ񰡣Ȼɱˡ
Χ֮ˣЩ뷨ɼһĻǶˣֻƾһ񣬾Ϳնɱ٣ôôˣһҶȶ֣Ƭ̣Ͷˣ
£һ궼ûˣ
졭³ˣ
Ȼһڵģ˵죬ŰҶȱȭ
Ҳ
ͷӶˣһСආܷ죿һʱ䣬ʮˣͳͳҶȹͲ¡
ܺãǵѡ񣬲ڵģҶȻɱ֪Ȥ֮ˣǲᶯֵģӴ˸ңúøɰɣԪӡҶ˵꣬һԪӡ׷Ժ֮ڣζţӴǵƿҶУκ뷨ᱻҶ˲߶Ԫնɱ飬һ˿Ƕ¡


1525 Ϊ̫Ҵ½
ˣ
ʮˣΪһ٣ٲȣǳ޽֮Ȼһ̵ġ
һмʶֶεϧҶȣһˣͱ¡
ʲôҶȻһץǰ
æҶȹˣǡĿ
Ҷɨһۣ˶٣٣ֶһ𳬼֣Ŀμһ̵ģ
Ŀʵش𣺡֮ǰһЩѣ޽֮Ĵߣǡһ֮̽ټ֣ȥ֣֪ĴڣһʱĶͶ˰ף
һ̻ж٣Σ
жʮˣʮˣʣ¾Ǽ𸱽뵩ǺܲģЩһ̵ǿߣڼ֮ʱҲԼѣܼ룬ģԽԽ󣡡
ϧâ̫ʢ֪񶯵ʱڣúʵ
Ҷҡҡͷһһ̣첻ʲô£Ĭһ󣬰ʥʥǣڴǧͼ֮ڣҵҸط޽֮ѰҸʴ½޽֮ؽһʥɳǣ򡭡ôˣһֱڴǧͼҲǰ취
һ޴⣬ҶȵԺУϵԾš
Ϊش׷ɱģҶȲòֽɢʥɽ磬񣬱Ȼʥɽ綼Ϊ˷棬شʹͨǱȻͨϢѰҵʥɽ硣
ڣȴ£ҪҸطʥɳǣ
½δһʱ鷳ɷҲһ˼Ͷ׷ħ棬ʱ뾫Ѱһ֮أȻȥ½ľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӻϡ
磬ôû뵽ѽ
Ȼ䣬ì֮еҶȣȻСǧɰЦȻҲ޽֮أʱգʿռ䣬һʱգ˵Ƿ½Уһ˻˵֮Ǵ½˵ɳΪһ½
Ŷ
£ҶˣȻôһ֮ء
˵һ˼£û˿Ҷ뷨˵Ҫ޵޵飬Ǵ磬һֱңԶ֪ĵطȻ޽֮طǳңԶĵط
ԶҪպҵģشʹߣͨʥɽõϢӦʥǵĴڣȻңԶκϢᱻжϣȻҲҵҲҪʩչͨӡϢСǧϾȥǴʱգ
ǣ
ٿȻһǳ֮⣬ͷų֣Χڳˡ
ಣ
ʮˣȻƾʧˡ
ҶĿǰʵѾһˣһֻͬٶȣҪܵһӰ죬ǴﵽǰΪˣһͬ󶼲⡣
찡ǡѵǴǧͼ
ǳ֮ڣʮ٣ŶЩǷ硭ڷĵˡ
޽֮ذεȵٶȣ
ΪǿĿһӦ뵽˴ǧͼһ˶Ҷȵˡ
ʱ
ڣǰȻһΧ磬ȻҲǻɫĵӰͣ˸·Щ¥ζ
ҶȸķԭʱΧŤʱգԵһۣ˾ãλ֮أһʱգ̫·
һƯʣ
Ȼ͵ؾ
˼̿ȥȻǰƯһܴĪԼֱʮҴСʴ½
ಣ
ҶһͬɹȥϷͷΧʣؿʣ·һĪڣȻһЩɫֲʮͷޣ̾С
һͬãʱȥҶȲЦõطһõطλӴǵ֮أ
˺Щ
ţҶȾҪӴǧͼŲƳʥǡ
˿ʼ˺ƯΧڿҶҪʲôͷһǳ֮⣬ŻΪ⻷ϵ졣
ţһʥǱԵȻǳ⻷֮УشУͻأƯ
һǳء˴ǧͼ
֣ؾ̾ţһ㷨ֻװʣǴǧͼȻǳء
ɽһռ䷨
ˣ
ţǿߣ
׵ģȻǹɾ̫ľԪаʡ״ۡͭƻǧƵȵȸ֣ȻҶȵͬҶԶҶҶҶˡ
ԽԽ࣬ӼˣʮˣȻˣˣֻܴʥ֮УΪ̫޷Ӧ޽֮أһ¾ͻᱻѹˣ䡣
ʥɽûˡǾȻ޽֮أӵһ
˵֪Ҷȵ뷨Ϊγԭ󣬶ЩʵһӣǾҪ޽֮أһ½ˡ
ͻͻͻ
һ޴ʥǣѹڷϣȻ޽֮صѹʼѹʥǽ磬Ťˡ
жٸ֣һͬӡı磡
ҶǧͼպһԪаʡĿΪףеĶ٣һͬҶΧ˲䣬ʮٸ֡
ɲǣҶȰӡÿԺһͬʼӡһɹʥ֮УŤĽ磬ֹͣΣʼһٸ֣ðŴ󺹣ҶȣҲЩ⡣
ʥԾɽ磬ͻȻ޽֮أܵȻѹɹҪȫıʥǵĽһ֮£򣬶ˣ޽֮ؽֻһЩپͷſһֻǵҶ㣬Ҫһ½ý籣
㣡
ȻӾ䣬ĵ
Ҷȵͷһ⣬ҶָһŮͷƵƯ֣ҶĶٸ֡
ѾָԭòԵøᣬȥʮ߰꣬תˣͷųԪаʡĿ޷İԵ
ܵ˶˿ܵѹҲȻҶôҲҪļ󷨡
ҶҶԶˣʥ֮УˣһͬʥǱԴ߶Ҷµ̫¯ȼջ棬֮С
ʱ˶ĺ磡
ʱһȥʮ졢һ졭
£Ҷȵ˫һϣҲͣһѰ̱ǻģҲҶߣҶͷųһɹԴÿڣ˻٣ָһЩ
Ȼ˽ʥǣҲܲκѹ棬ƽһ磬޽֮ؽȻͬ
ʲôã
ʥ½ʺˡȻѾɢ־Щµ磬ӦжҪȻһ£
ʥǹ㳡ϣǧǺģһԭ۸ʣһ֡
ҶȴʮٵȻۡ
̫Ҵ½ɣ
һ׷꣬аˣ³룺Ȼ½磬һͳλ棬̫λ棬Ϊǲɽ磬ٽһ̫Ҵ½أ
̫Ҵ½
һʱ䣬½ˣ罣졢ʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫䡢ĪȻȵȡ
̫λ棡
ǶԣʥģǵĹɽ磬̺磬ޱߣȴǡ
ոսһʥɽ磬ôûˡ
³̫ͦҴ½ͬģ֣ʱҶȴһ㳡롣


1526 
ˣž⣬ӭҶȵһ٣ڳˣٶǸ߲ʵģ
޳ɣ
ҶԶһ֡
ȻҶҲЦЦ֡
Ҳͬ⡭
ͬ⡭
һ½ˣȫ޳ˣǰʥҲһһ޳ɣǧˣûһԡ
Ҷһɨ㳡ͷޱߵƣһãӴǵ¼ң̫Ҵ½
̫Ҵ½
ÿ˶УĬĬףš
Ȼ󲿷˶ҾЩҪ
Ҷȵһ֣ǧ˰ʥɽ硭ûˣҿԸǣԹͥľ޴вǲŲò롢򡭡ڣһ˶޷
ͥ겻ѡ
ͥǿ̫ľģǰش£һ֮ʵﵽ۷壬ͥأҲʮǿӱ˵ɽۣͥţͷǰĴڡ
ʥɽ磬ǸӪɣ½磬ʥʼһ಻ףŽûãôûˡҶܰɣ̫Ҵ½Ҫһˮ޽֮أǾɽ磬˶٣ڳ󲿷˳ȥͻᱻ޽֮ȻնɱǱ޳ԵȻǣܱԼļ԰𣿡
һ֣һ仰ҶͷһΣˣԼ˵˻ߣ顣
˵ʵ֪ÿˣǡ˵ȥ٣ôվǰĶپͷȷ޽֮أݺᣬڹͥ칬һЩǰһҪʱʱ̼̿ɵʲôʱǣ

ˣʮǿߣߵĴڡ
ϧһأ
Ҷ˵ǵʵһǿ󣬵Ǵһȣ˴ܣҲֻбնɱѹ³
ɽܴ󣡡
ģͻȻˣɽСǾͷͥǿѣңڹͥҲʲôҪɱɱҺް취֮
仰˵׵ģڳÿˣΪĵͷ̫ˣͥĽôĸ߸ϡ
޷Ա޷ӵɣôЩʲô
ǫˡɽ磬Ѿվ۷壡
ҶȵһЦȻɫͱˣ죬ǸӣҲƻգЩұҪ˵Ҿôɽ̶Ҿʹӷˣﵽĸ߶ȣҺʵһֱûԼ֪ҵˣʲôţǿҵĸף갡˷ȥΪü峤㱻ʱңֻһѷ죬޷еķˡѷ죬Ҷʱɣ޷УҼҵʹ࣬裬Ҽҵļ壬˻ҼҵĸĸԶһͨŬٵΣգһУһͳ̫λ棡
ɽ硭磬ɽ磬ɽһЩռӣ޷Ը̫Сˡ־ʲôǿţӵʵǿɱΣյط֮ضΡģԵ׾ͷѹҲشֶǳ֡Ϊһָͷ޷ԿսŶУż̵ĵģܻΪģ
Ȼش۽ְ
ǿߣҶģɹ
ԪаʡĿҲݲѣ٣شһĿܣûУҶأȴڣֲֿ޵еսⲻţֻ澳ңӵм̵ʵܴﵽӲǿЦ
Ȼһ̣һǧˣˣ޷ٸܵҶȵĿ⣬ΪУ٣ЩҶȵǱʶеĸΪһֻҪҶڣ⡣
ΪҶһǿģ·ǿߣˡ
ڣǲſʼʹ飬ԭҶȣ棬ȥôݣʱʱ̿УΣա
нճɾͣʲôżȻҲʲôţУֹȥ
̫Ҵ½콨ˣǶ˵ûжٵϲɫΪÿ˶֪ᷢʲôҲ죬ҾͻشǰǿУȻҵڶλȥĻᡭ첻Ԥϣ޷գյģֻڣȥԼͬҼţһ죬һΪشۣԽľ
˵ҶȺȻЦݣɾ¾͸塢ΪѣͳͳȥٷǸ̫Ҵ½
ȥ죡ɾ߿
ˣŶٸ֣ʼʥڲ󷨣ڴ½ϣжʥ֮أ·½ӵޣ޽֮صѹϣҶܿԼڷУԼĶ
Ҷ˵꣬ٸ֣ɳʥǡ
ʣˣԭش˺һһ뿪㳡
ʥ֮⣬ҶġԪаʡĿһ֣Ȼ·УʮޣƺҪƯϷʥǣϧ޷κν磬һҶˣŵüæ
ҶȲΪ޶֮Уˣ֪ΪΣѡһΪΪǵ꣬ǰֵģڷ֮£д磬
˶𾪡
һõԻѾ֮УһЩԾɣͬԴһˣı
˲ףΪη½һЩʡ
ƣ
Ҷһ֮봦ѾӦǿڣ̤һ轣һӡ
꣡
棬Ҷǿи¶һԽǧ׵Ľۣһԣ˲俪ʼͷŶĺɫߵȦ
Ȼǡ
֮ϣȥȻ룬һŰ׾޴ĽɫͷŴ۵ĹâԴͷų
ǿɲġԺ취ֲһЩܳɻǾǶپͷĴϲ£Ҳ̫Ҵ½Ľأκ˲ڣ
ҶԣƳһۣ𺳣ʥ磬ס磬ֱ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ޣСû
뵽ʥ磬ҶȻеǸ̰̰˯Сһ
ǳȥŤʱտ
һ֮ҶִˣɳʣǰȥɫʱգǰӰ㲻ϻζŤʱա
Ҹҡ
ҶͷųԴȻ·Ȼ˷ŤʱգûɶԶͼһЩСķʣƯڲͬСռڣΪƿŤʱա
ͨڲͬʱգֲ꣬ĴƿأһǾͲõŤʱʧ
ҶȲ̫Ҵ½֮ʱǿԸһУʲôͻ״нҶȴ߶ǧͼ̫Ҵ½Ҳʮʱ䡣
ÿµŤʱգǲǳڲ߶ˣһ޷߳ȥǲͬʱգһһٽҲᱻסһиȻ
Ԫаʾ̾
ĵҲ̫Ҵ½һȻϣŤʱգϢǹ̫Ҵ½


1527 ½ǿ߾ۻ
ͷŤʱʮ⡣
˼ǰУȻݺڲͬʱգÿһʱգҶȶ꣬ƿء
Ťʱպܴӵռ䣬ϸȻ̫·ˡ
ƺ
ʱ˲ڴŤʱΧۿҪ޽֮ʱȴһСʱգڲһʣϷպһ飬ƶĴڡ
Ϊȼת鶦ת㣬ʹʵ򶫻ǰͷ
۹âһע⵽ʡ
ȥʱȻһĶЩͷֲ̫ңԶΪһЩ󷨺ۼ
УʯƬһЩɵΣҲС
ħڣеġӦǿߣЩӲʡƺۼӦڲ֮ǰģ
ƬŤʱգңԶһΪУɱ϶Ԫаʽ˵
Ťʱ֮Уʱգʣϧ޷Щۼһ𣬷̫Ҵ½ǳ޴󣡡
ҶתΧȥѾԿɫգһƳŤ㸡ֳ޽֮գΧ̫Ҵ½ϤĻֻ̫Ҵ½ûһʱᣬҵ½ڣǰ񣬱ϾֶѾԽˣ˵Ϊе̫ʺϲмԶսպÿңƽʱŤʱգɼԴǽãҵǲõģҵ󣬻ˣҪ̫Ҵ½粽У
ԶսǿǺö
Ŀһд㵣Ƕһ󣺡ɽ磬ѾУʱʱŻ˼¾ͺˣཨͨ˴ʱգҪѶ꣬ܵͨʹã
ԶսŤʱգ빤ߣҪǣ޽֮غУɱշаȫˣʺϳȥɼԴȵʹãҲЩ⣬Ͼֹ⣬ˡ
ಡ
һһ⣬żҰƴСԶս֣֮߼֮С
λ̫Ҵ½һ˵ģǵģǵģÿ˵ģҲϣһξʥɽ¼ʱ䣬úýʯڵ֮Ȼȫӹ̫Ҵ½磬ȵȣʱɴʱأƱǨǱ׼ӭӱ仯
Ҷ濴Ĵ֣ϸһȻԪаĿ̫Ҵ½
ģʮöתĵӣԴӣ԰ңԣڱԴ֮У㣬ӿвɣ񡭡ش۲Զˣ
ڻģҶȲǰ䱸ﻰʲô˵ʲôشۡʹ棬֤ͥ칬ǿҶȷ·ࣺҲҪ취ͻڣľõϴһͻףȱʲôһͻڣһ٣֮£ٴش棬Ҫôǧͼߣ׷ϣĪ
ĵڣнڵľ飬ľҲˣֻһιؿڣʵںԵĸ߶ȣκˣ׿٣ΪȫۺԣֻҪ̤һ٣ôͻƶ١٣ԣֻٵĴѣ
ҲҶԣѵĲǶ٣ڣڣʸ١شۡʹͨ޷ӦңԶ޽֮ʱգҲҪʱʱ̱̿־裬Ͼͥʲô˭ҲʹߣһʹߣΪƽƽ˸ңɽ֮УڰлǻС̫Ҵ½Ҷҷģ㲻ͬҷģҿ԰κ鶼㣬ҵ󣬾ͽúտΪ̫СԵǽȥУҲץ޻ҹҹ޿⣬ǳɳ̫Ҵ½ĵ̣
һģ󣬲ϲ
Ҿ͸½δ¼ɽķƾۻᡭҶһ㣬˵ѶԻģ˿һ㡣
ͻưһᴫһ
ҶȺȻһۻģȻһʧŤʱա
񡭡һģĿ׷ش۵Ĳ𣿡㶴ԭء
Ťʱ֮⡣
Ҷ߳ʼһꡢٻ塢ĪȻȵδ֮ˣȫٷŤʱλԼ̫Ҵ½Ϣͳͳӡڷ֮С
½ҺڴţҶȲδ߶ǧͼϢʵ̺ٶȣ򶯵ʱա
ͥ
ʱһеĹС
شۡۡشۡʹߣֱڵ࣬֪ʲôʵɣȻһЩʵƣװƷȻҲʯɡ
ʯӲޱȣܰʯƷǰ첻ġ
ԭϴҳƿСӡɽ
УһɱϢش۴һģΧռѣȻᣬ˵ɱһɽ칬̳ʱһˡ
Ҳڶѡشͷ

ĴͷͻȻЩţΪʲôǷˣҲڡͬǣڶ̶ʱ䣬ͻ֮죬˶٣
вǱв
칬ҲԹͥ
ĴͷΪܵһ㣬һһǰ񣬶˵ҲĶ
Ѳ뷨ʱһΪ³롯ޣҲڵʱʧһ룬һжǸΪ³롯ޣڱ͸¶Ĺȥƺ֪ˣ壬йϵӵϢҸոѾʱϧһϢûС˽ƻҲʲôۼ类칬ץش۲ɣ˵
ش۽ŵͨϢҵһΪʥɽĴڣϧȥʱʥɽѳΪһճǣһ֮£Ϊ棬ϧ̫࣬ҶһЩʥɽ˽ѻ꣬û˿
һ֪ʱ䡭ǰѾ½֮ϡ
ʹһֱĬţƺȻ˵ʲôȻЩвȥȫġ
޴ѩɽɫ֮С
졭ܺãشܷ𵤣Ϊָ𵤣һССشۣǼ֧֣
У̫ʼһ޴칬Ӱƺ̾һĴڣʱն϶ʥ
ۿʪ˲Ϣ룺л
칬ӰУȻ˸һɫ˫Ŀ̫ʼ½¼ҪúðţǸùͥȥԸɣڳͷ֮磬۰аǬһͬ뿪
ģ
̫ʼҲѣ
ͷĿͽɫ칬ʧȥ
ʱգȻǶ֮ŤʱһģڲĿռ䣬ʮָӡ
룬һűһŤ֮ʱգʱΧȻȥԼھ޴ʱΧˣħаˣȱȽǣ顢ڡڽ϶࣬ʣ¾Ƕپͷ
еĶǿߣ˾ۼʱ֮⡣
ͬǣˣǸ˻׷׶Ťʱա
ʱ½֮


1528 Ǳеľͷ
һУǰ½ڵŤʱգΧʱգˣö֮УڽϢ໥ʶһЩδٵˣѰҶپͷΪĿ꣬취õͷӻ
ЩСˣ󲿷ɢޣСǸŵӣǴ඼ѵţͶܣһ죬ɷ
۳ֵܣһֵ̣˵ɷ
Ҳ˵ˣǹƶһ·ɱ˰ɣ
˵˵
һѰ֮У
ۼһٶˣ󲿷Ϣ֮еˣľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӶУ󲿷ֶΧǣ׷ʴ÷з¼
۳ƹľ쳣ʮΣû뵽Ϣô죬ô˵֪
Ҳò˵ֻ˵أܰѻƿ;Ҫһҫʱݡ
Ҷȡ
պþ֮УһӣŲʮ꣬˲ֶۣҶȶֳ֣Ȼ̧ͷһӢϢȻǵųͷ뿪Ļƾ
û뵽һ̶Կǿǰ񡭡ʵնǸħ֣ʩչͨ¶Ըκǿߣпܰɣ
ƾֻǺžȣδ⣬ΪҶȽ֣Ȼ֪Ҷȵ
ʦҶȵݣһһӣ޷֪ն죬ҾǱʲô˱ƳڵġҶȣٸҵʦȴֶ֪ŷǳͬһĶ
ȻһƾҪֻǵڡ
ƾ̾̾ϢһͨˣȺ֮Уûע⵽˭뵽Ȼһپͷ
ߣȥʶپͷмͷˡ
һ󣬿ʼ뿪󷨡
ҶֵӦÿ쵽˰ɣ֪Ըһǰˡ
۳ƹľ쳡ѩһȺ֮Уڰн
һأܱ̫үү֮ˣȻͬѰҾ䣬ǣûҲʶħӽ˵鹫Ҳ
ľȻһ˸⣬˷ǰڵա
˿̡
һԶĶʱУ
ʱգһĽ磬赲⣬޷룬ҽΧףԵһƬһƬʱգ޷С
һħ
ħ룬һ޴ħ
ڣɫɫħȻۼһãУɷȻС
ɷʮһͬǿϷı֮ϣɷڵģһ࣬мƵˡ
ɷ˵ֵܣֹӱһһСӴˣնɱˣȻ裬ҲΪ򱧲ƽ
ԱߣһħɭɭˣϢħ˿ҲأٵİԵâһ
˵꣬⿴һ·ĵɷ
꣬Ȼ޽֮أһУĴڣħ֮µɷ
£Լȥ¶ܣܾ𣿡ɷŭϲӦһ䡣
ŪһЦ˵ʲô
磬ħ֣֮߷һֱڻʱʱű𣬿ΡŻһᣬ㣡
ɷͻȻɷд
ɷΪȻȻûͷκϢ˲֮ǰȥͶþ֪ΪͶ׷ħǰĲᣬɲҵĵˣħӡ
˵ħӣ׷ħǰǴħӳģ֪ħΣ᲻Ըħ׷ħɱǺã
׷ħǰϸԪĴڣףħѹ𣿶Ұ׷ħǰӳȻҲԼͷħڣ˵ģ½ۻᣬǴǽ㣬ҲǸͷ桢£һģǧҪСģܵκξͷǰ׷ħǰǵԼˣ
ԭˮô
ʱڣͷ׷״ݷ߳ɽ磬ҿݺʱˣǳΪͷ۵ʱܵõ׷ħ濴أҳΪ񡭡ǽĲ࣡
ɷ˵仰Ȼûб飬·ѾоͷеһС
ֻڵȴһᡣ
󷽣
վա
һͷ׷İ׷ħ棬ħˡħ졣
һУ޽֮ݺЩţħһӣȻ󹬵ڵˣһسǰ
׷ħЦЩˡ̫
ħһż½һЩ۷ħѰ԰׷ֵþҲĶ֣
þԸӦӦңڵԣ£ɵʣԺȣҵ֮һǵͷϣ趼ʶ
ǡǣǻӦЩİ񣿡
ʮˣþСģмС󲿷ɵϢδмˣȴʮΧ϶ԸӦڵҲҲǿȥӦǣ
׷ħһмΪϸԪݺ޵еԪмĶ֣
׷ħ棬һ棬֪ǬΪǬǸոսİ񡭡ǷħҲ£ǬУ׷ħҲһˣ
ħ죬һֱûгƣλħͷȷһֱδѯ
ȻħҲԸ䵱һСɫ˶
ʵµģΪҶȵħ
ˣ
ȻһˣҴҴӺֶ
׷ħ桢ħħͳͳˣ׷ħ֣쿪ָݺץסͷ·ҪʳԷоԪŵú˶û˻ǡ
Ҫţʲôڣ˭ҷ׷ħѺˣӶһԵһȥˡ
һ˦ʹ࣬վ¸ոţħӡҲҪ½
£׷ħˣŶ
һʲôħȴںһ
ħ԰ʱӦ˵ȷЩţȻ֪ʵȻħĶӣͲСӣħڲŹңҲŹħڣһᣬץħ׷ħͻȻ˵һ뷨
ʦĴþһ̽ԼٵĴǿߣ
һʱУƾһ𣬶Ի
ӳһһþҵӦһΪһ㣬ֻЩո̤ǿһЩһΪ׷ħİ񣬵ȷʵΪʦ˶٣עⰲȫ¼˵д·
ǣ
ƾ³𣬵ʲôûɳʱС
ھƾڵʱգϿգڶʱոߴС
ಡ
һٻӰֶ
һۣ˿ֶӣξ
ʦ㣬Ŀѽ
һӰһֶ
ξתһǰֵһ꣬Ҳӽʮ꣬һϢξһޡ
ξسǰӣڵڶĵӣ


1529 滨
ξǰ䣬ü֮䣬˸ʰ⣬һ֮ʦܣٶҲϽ緢ٷұˣֻǿ㼸ѣ
ʦע˶Ҳ֣ʦһˣҲ½ⳡʢᣬɴ
֪Ϊжһ˿Ϣ˫ͫƺܸӦеĴڣӲͫ
ĪҪȥξ񵭵˵꣬½ʱϷ
½𣿡
ʱΧ˴ɼһӰûκע⣬Ϣر֮ûעôͨһ˴ڡ
ǸոջѰʱ̫Ҵ½Ҷȡ
ˣûȥע
Ҷ֮󣬴ݲȵҲգȥɫɫ˶Уɽ罻ȵģ޽֮أ⶯ʱյˣɫ
滨ţ
ˣһ붼Ƕٴڡ
ٵˣۼ׿ԽһˣǵҪʥɽıᱦҶȰߵѪ乫ӡ
󲿷˶𾪣Ҳжľ쳡ѩ۳ƹӡ
һֵѪ乫ӣ滨ǰڰһֱײβһİ񣬲þ
Ѫ乫ȻǸߣУ͸һȣҲֻǸոϢ滨޽֮ض꣬˹ǰվͬȸ߶ȵ˵ǺܶǰʶˣνѨ磬滨һҾбͷˣ
滨ţƺû
ԶҶƯڰգһˣǰУھۼδ磬ͨߣһѪ乫ӣʵһЩֻһֹӲ࣬ڱħӡʮǧ֪˻᲻
ҶȰΧ˵ʮа˾ţǲȥύЩ֪Ϣ
İͷþͲ˵ˣһ̵ĵ滨ţ׷ħ棬һЩδŵİ񣬱硰족ٵۡĩȵȡ
ɵľͷ
֮УҲûо֣ȫԦԵĸ߶ȣʵشۡشۣڵԣҶӦʮֵľˣڵɵϢ󲿷ֱѹƣѾȡԼԦԡ
ԦǿԴ߶ԣͨһͷŹκεɵ
̤ڴ󲿷ֶɵʣԽ࣬ȻԽۺԽǿ󣬱ȵĲΪǼԦԵΪ񣬲ߡ
׷ħ桭ħڣħ԰ӳģôħΣӦò׷Źɣħڰѹãڻģ߶ħԪ
ͥӦҲɣˡһˣķ˵ȵҲɣ
ھ͸Ӧһ£жٵķߵ
һˣǱڷƣҶյ½׼ҪӦڰеķߡ
߶ӦںԪӦʼںϿռ䣬տռʼӿռУѰҵڳͷ֮磬Դķߡ
ˡ
Ӧʼ΢΢Ȼ󲻶Ͽʼǿ𶯣ҶͫȻһôķ߶ˣ֮డС߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ͷ
˴˹Ĵͷˡ߾ǰҲˣǴҲ֪£û֪ͨң߾ǴˣǴԼϾͷڳͷ֮粻֪һѺ꣬Ҳһ壡˹ؽ߾ǰҪģ
ӸӦϢУҶȻ֪̫ϢһѣͷУҶȴɱٵۡɷȵȡ
Ϣкܶ࡭֪ǲǹͥ칬ִϢޣصüΪءڰ񣬵޷ֻ΢ӦһЩϢڱ仯
ͥ칬ͷ֪¼ûϵҲܱκαԴϢǰڳűץ
ӦҲڰжţʱҪȥ棬ͬʱ½Ƿ⣬棬칬ֵĿܣ̫ˣ
ԳħǰһƬʱţȲҪȥ½ʽ˵
Ӧ֮ջ˾޴һ׼Ȼһǰ硣
ҶСˣ
ڣ֮Уа
ľ۳ƹӡѩӸ⼤վ磬ͬʱҶȴ磬ڰֻһδ˵ʲô

Ӫ룬Ѫ乫ӵһЩĿ⿴ȥʱҶȵһۣͲһо㵡
û뵽ѹڣ̧ͷͷΪһеķΪΡ
ֶҶȣˣһ٣ֹӣһ̣һΪѰŷһ½
ͦģһ٣ܴ٣
ˣڰۣеˣƺھɽҶȵţԵø𺳣޷š
κУѪ乫ڼ䣬޲Ҹطȥ֪Ҷȵ
˵һֹӣʮֹӣ޷սʤ
λ滨ԸӼеϢ
ڴʱͻȻһӢӷ֮У˵˷׷һ𣬶վΧˡ
ľһֱδҶȴҶСܣǡ֮УһͷһΪʵǿĺܣɷ࣡

еͷɷʵ࣬ȷһ棬Ѫ乫ӣҲ޷档
λµķλϸȥɣ»Ҫ֪ͨĵѣݱ𣡡ͣһṦת۾뿪˽硣
󲿷ˣʼ׷뿪硣
ҶȺȻ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӣһݺ棺Ҳȥʶʶķɡ
뷨۳ƹҶȼ˲뿪磬㶯ʱա
ΧˣͬҶȵ˻֮Уľ쳡۳ƹӣ˴кǶʶ
ɳգ붯գ˾ͲҴ⣬ʱʱ̶̿Ȼٶ£һСģзǵĿܡ
ǧ˷ɹ㶯ʱգͼǰһŮӣǿ޷ݣػһʱ⣬Ϊָڡ
۷ʵ滨ĸ֣˶ȥύŮӣŮûдκˣһ̿
ҶһۿŮʵȷǿߣԪаʡĿҪǿһ֣Ȼ޷ȼġ
Ѿ٣ͬһ㣬ҪȽϣӦôż
ǣ
Ȼ䣬һ˽ʱ֮ڵΪǰȻһ󷨣·ŮһƯ֮ϡ
ŮӿڣӸ߸ˣλѣҼţʶʶ˷ɣ󷨣沢ûΣգֻд󷨵ĵѣʸݣ
Ҿ˵Ļ׼
ǰԭҪ󡭡
˶סˣҲ̫ͻأס


1530 
ŮףƳǧ˸˼ֵҼţ궼ڱչ֮У̤볾ҪˣȻǾӢеľӢ׳־ҲûСǳ뿪ɣ
ʹʲô˵ģ
˻һ꿡ܣ޵ݣַҪһӺģһ̤֮С
񡭡Ŀ飬ǰ׹ȥ𣿡Ⱥ󷽵Ҷȣľ쳡۳ƹӡѩƺ챻ռ䣬˭ýˣԽԽ࣬Ŀðķɡ
Ӧһ󷨣ҶѾеˣ󷨣ûо޴󹥻ԣǺиǡȻԷһСģͻУ޷԰ΣûΣգ޷߳Ҳһֳ衣
˶޷ɹ󣬰Ҳǰڰķâ֮ϣ޹ء
λѣͰɣ֮ǰѾһЩѣɹ󣬱ѣ׹أף³ɣŮӲӰ˵һ仰ղӰ
Ҷ˵ʮڴĩ೵̤֮С

磬Ʒ΢ϯȫ޽֮أǷһ㡣
ǧˣƺһ¾ͲˣҶ˺һ֣ͻȻһ˸ңգۣҶȾͷֻʣһˣҴһֹʲôûе
󷨵ȷÿ˶вͬá
ҶΧһ޷۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӣȻͷߣָоǾߣֻǱÿ˶һУҼȻҪͻڣҲҪһ󷨣֪ҵģǺεȵ
պãǸԼһĻᣬҶ֮⣬ڿûʲôΣգӡΪǰ
Сӣʵ
һᣬȻǰֹ֮УһˣȴƸһҶȣ¶⣺󷨵ۣҵͨͨһ˵ĺϢӦ˵뷨ʵֻӵЩͨϡȻһֲ˼飬ԿռļԦ
ۣһˣ
⵹ҶһֱδģҶȲδ󴥶ԣԽߣ洦Խ󣺡ʲô⣬ó
ǵֱӵĴߣ
ǰ滹ˣҶ⵹Ǻ⡣
һΪӣˮŮӣʵǿѣﵽ۷壬һ񣬿ܶ޷֣ڶһӣΪֲ˹õʵ䲻ˮҲǴﵽٵ۷壬㡭ǵˣǰ˶ɹ󣬽ͿԼˣΪۣҵҽһ£Ǳ滨ţǰѹʵѾﵽ۷壬ʱ䳤ˣҲˣʹɣƣǿռͨⷽ棬ҵ޷ס㣬ȻͨΪڴﵽһ١Ҿ֮Կ㣬޷֮ͻȻ󡭡ʧˣ
֮ɣɣ
⵹Ҷ־ϲû뵽ӣܿΪαװģֻаſȻˡ
һҲǣûⱾ£滨Ҳѹ
ӣȻͻȻſһ磺ٷ籩

磬ɾֹĿռ䣬ͻȻƮ£ķ籩֮Уһԣ΢ȴһɿµתԷ籩˲ϢΧҶΧ
Ƿ籩Ѿﵽһ߶ȣָ߶ȣӴҶϿģΪҶȵʵԲʩչȵ⣬Ҷȡ
Թˣ֮ҵڰɣҪٿ֮󣬻ʲô״
׼ٷ籩ҶٿȻֹסȻһԾֱٷ籩֮С
СӡʲôΪ󷨣ûΣգ𣿡
ǰӣһĻŵòᣬˣֱԾ֮У벻Ҷȣᣬֲô벻
ӻǼ߶ۣ֮Ҷȱ֮ƣҲ˲ֻ⡣
ͣ
ٷ籩еҶȣȻִݣȻϢȻͷ֮ڡ
ոս룬ʼײײӰ죬һ֣һƹҶ
ϱ֮ɣҶαװһֲ֮֮ÿٵʣˣ޷̤񣬵һ֮С
꣡
ײĦɣҶڣʼȼ֮֮ɵľȼһ̣֮ɣڶ֮ȼյʼٻҶȵžǾ
һȥѪ⡢Ȼ󡭡˶Ϊҽ
Ƕ٣޷֮³
ˡСȻҸоĺ񣬳ϤռܡǾ̫ڡؼ磬ǿʼ֮ʱǲЩԽѶˣ
СӻˣֻҪûȫջ١𵤻ڣҶΪָơ
ӣҶһ޷֮ϯϱ㸡ʧ֮ɫ
ƺעҶʧˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˵ȴһĺûᡣ
٣ÿͷڣ֮٣һɽġն졢ƣҪ⡢ѹ֮Ȼ̤֮Ҷ˵޷ӵУΪδﵽԲٵһ
κˣܣǶ٣ڣ¶ɽ֮ġ
ǣҶȴԡ
Ѿʼ߶̫һΪԴؽ𵤣ȫ֮ҲԻ⡣
ԭִһƷɵĴͳ˭˵ھͲӵ֮ǰαװһ٣ֻ֮γ㣬û뵽ҿȿʼӵ֮֮ʼʹٽһ
֮УҶȽײˡ
ʶ˶ͬģڲӵֻ֮жɹٲſԣһ㣬ٹ̵ÿУΪǱʶĴڣҶҲ⣬Ȼ·֮ϡ
ڣӵĿ飬ȴӶԿ֮УһԷƣҪԿס
ȻΪγΪͳÿ˴ԭģΪڣһӴ֮ͻᱻֻ֮Ǿһδ֤
û뵽ʱʱ̶̿ͻڣһֱûа취Ŀ̫ˣ½¼֮ұ㿪ʼжڵ֮ͬʱǻ⣬ֿӵа֮ڵƿӭٽ٣
ʱʿɶֹˣ
Ȼ֪Ҷ뷨һֱԹ۵ӣҲòˣҶҪи̣治ý

֮ʱҶӿһɿƣȻ֮ڣΧٷ籩ˡ
ãáøˣҹó㣬Ը㣬û뵽ȻԻ⡭ȥɣͨ飡
ӼΪ㵣òԼһĻȻһ֣һ⣬ҶȾ֮С
ж찡
һž޲ҶȣȻһ󷨵Ĺ㳡֮ϣֻ㳡ϣѾʮˣǶڹ㳡Щһʯ֮ϣǰǻǼУǰ֮ڵȴš


1531 Լġ
㳡һ޴ʱմҲֻа񣬲ּ󷨣û˿޽֮صѹȸС
ͨʵͨѿռڸ֮ڣԵκεĿռ䡣
հ
ϤһŮ̾ϢӺ󷽴
Ҷתͼľ쳳ɹ֣Ĺ֮ˣҲӣ飬ǿռ֮һɱ˳ͨ
ֹ˰ʱ۳ƹ뺫ѩҲ˳أһĶǣ˻֮һͬ㳡̤ĸʯһһ¡
ˮ
ո£ԶգȻƿӦҶȺȻ̧ͷüһᣬǰǼ֮УˮȻһʯ֮ϣһɽ޷Χ˿һ֮С
½˳ɹһͬǧֻ֮࣬вʮһˣɹͨ飬㳡֮ϡ
һȣʮ졣
Ȼʧˣ㳡ʯϣˣԼаٶˣһӽӣеţˣľ۳ƹӶϤˮмˣΪˣֻ䱳Ӱ
ȴУҶҲ֪ʶԽԽ࣬ȴûмޱڡ޼ǡʥɽȵȾɽŵӡ
ಣ
ȻʮŮӣǶͷ滨ķΣϣҲ滨
˿̣ٶˣͳͳһ𣬲ǺΣǱһŮӣ
ӭţ
δĺȻ䣬Ůγţ࣬һɫӰشգһ˸ڱ֮ϡ
һ̣˶˫ۡ
滨Žˣ
Ӱʧ֮ϣֻһλԼʮͷŮӣۣǶ滨˲Ϣ֡
ͷһ򡢿޵滨ôС·պô̷Ȼɡ
ˡ
ʱ˿̣˶滨󷽣ҶȱҲˣӡĽһ΢΢춯
ӦԭǷӡʮ΢΢տռеӦ֮󣬾Ȼ΢Ϣڡڱ֮ϵ滨ţ
ҶٿȻ󾪣Щ⣬滨ţľϵ֮һľϵеõΪһ񡭡
ʮ٣ǻһӵ磬ľϵ֮еߣȻе飬ȻԸӦκľϵϢĴڡ
ڴʱ֮ϵ滨ţûһ㡮š˰ģȣȻʧϵ˵ˣǶгоΪģԶԶԽͬ
ǰٶˣͬ滨űʾ𾴡
źܶδɽ֮УҲһɵӣϧɺұһˣɽУɳΪͷסϦˣǲҪΪʱ޵ģʵʱܱǵץʱ䣬Խǵͬץסʱ磬Ϊͷ磡
滨һһɨˣȻûͣһӣͨƺڳÿ˶ǵһž͸һᣬÿˣһ⣬ʲôⶼԣȻǧҪΥΥҲܻش̫ˣŻÿһˣ
̫ˣ
˶˸߲ңѡ
ȥɣ
ʲôоͷΪڳÿ˶ʶˡ
滨ŻһָڣȻɳһһģһӰһÿǰǴ۵⣬۾ʱͬǰ㣬ҲԱˣҲκ
磬ֻԼһˡ
ͨ
Ҷһ滨Ҫ֣ô򵥣˲ɱˣΪʵ
䣬ףһϵҶȺ𣺡ˣҶȣ
Ҷתͷ滨žȻں󷽣滨ţղţķ֮һ
ҶȼţҶȱȭʩ
ܲڡαװһ٣ֶΣǵһһ׸ԪڣһǿĽƣ޷ԪʲôıԴͳͳӡˣССͣȻ˽
ֻǺ䣬滨ƺҶȵһУĿ⣺Ȼ޷ıԴйܿóھѪǳ߶ȵѪ˼飬Ҳʮ֮һҡѪУȻһϢ
⡭
ɣֹͣˣȫƺˣ޸о
Ҷȱ滨ǿͨо˿£ϣֶۣܿĴ󲿷⣬ûеڶ˿ԿóشۡشۡʹҲܡ
ǰ滨ţȻԡ
滨ֵ㲻ֱ顭Ҳ޷֮ܿľѪΪţһǧУѿǳε壬ԣϢ˵ϤңԸӦ֮ԴҲǾѪϢҶȣõģĵ̣ÿ˶Լܣ˵ܣԶ㣡
ǰ緶ʲôҲö˵滨ж⣬ʲô˵
ҪҶںܼ򵥣
滨¶ЦݣӻֵˣԹɣ󣬶ʳɡ
⡭ɻ󡭡
ʱ·ֻһ˴ڣ
Ҷһӣ뵽࣬ӷ磬һɽ磬̫̣һ̶˸Ȼֹ̧ͣͷ֮ʣгһ˿Ϊ󣬺Ϊ
˷ءط졢취ȻΪ
һʣƺҲס滨ţþһ̾ͬǺÿˣԼĵΪ壬Ϊʱûʶļ仯ȻϴһͨؾԼΪҪһӣڴ֮УܵҴͬУӱߵ˽죬˵Ȼ򣡡
Ȼ򣿡Ҷһֶϸϸ
仯ϰҲҪģ仯֮ȻļǴļУر仯仯ᵽһжйɵģıԴҵĵǱ仯Ȼ仯仯Ȼڱ仯УѰдڵĹɣܴҵ仯Ĺɣ
滨źĵĽܶණǶֻܿı棬ǲ棬μңҾһŮˣֻӵаݣһͷЩ㶼˲棬Ƭ棬޷ʡҲ޷ȥʱʱ̿ڱ仯ҪԼһӣʼȥѰҵʣ
Ҷͫŵ˼ˣÿ˶һԵҲһҪΣȷԼĵң
ܴһ¾Ҫ˵ģ޷㣬ʲôΪ㲻ңҲ㣬㿴ģֻҵĲ棬ҿģҲֻı棬ˣҪԼſԸ㣬ߵ·ʵǵ
µ·
еһУҼֵĵģзۡڵ·Уۣʵ
ۣʵ
滨仰ҶƺҪץסʲôص㡣
һֵԵĴУȴܿʵʵ黯һ
Ҳһ


1532 ͷļ

滨ͷͫУ˸ǻۣ󷨸߿գҶȣۣ˶ȥ˵ʲôȷʲôпܣû˿Ը㣬ʲôֻͨԼߵĵ·һؼ֤ߵ·ľͷ㲻Ǿ֪𣿡
˶˵
˲䣬֮еҶȣͻȻһ㣺ԣ޷ңΪ˶԰ѵ˵ͷͷǵֻԼ߳ĵԼĵ
Ϊ󣬶ŶԣҲһο磬Ѿû壬ݣʧȥϣֻɽ磬νǧŶԣһȻԼĵȴ޷ߵ󡭡ⲻҵıҲıǵҲԲȥϣһ죬˿Ըı磡
滨źȻԳȻ͵ĿǶҶȵͷúðһ£㻹ʱ䣬ˣ򵥣ǵ⣬廨ţвˣֱſͷʦΪʲôܼԼ
ಣ
֮滨ŷʧˡ
ҶڵĶ󷨣Ȼûʧصʯ£Ȼ滨һ仰ΪʲôܼԼ
ǰһ䣬ôзĻ
ˣ˭ڳУʼңһյģ
ҡҶȣӽԺһңʬ壬ȡκԴ֪ԽߵģҪҶһһӿʼ̤棬Ҷԣֻһߵͷ滨˵ĺܶԣֻԼܸԼ𰸣
Ҷȭͷ΢΢طɣȻңû뵽½֮Уشջ񣬲ҵͻڵİ취ڻ˵ңĲ

Ϣ˴һʱȻΧʧֳ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӣԼһˣÿ˵ɫͬеʧ䣬ջеĵõ޴κξͷе򰵰ЦջܴҲеģƽ
ˮľ쳡
ˣǰ
滨ѾˣЩòŮӣȴƯǰ֮УӭӵλŮӣ߳˵ÿ˶ԼĻԵᣬץסͺãץסֻʱδϣλѣĪҪ⣬˵ˣΪǰм͸ң
񣿡˲
˶Ŷ䣬ɴӡ
óԼռؼԼһЩҩҿѡһ֣Ů˵꣬˫һϣһֿ鼮ҩƯڹ㳡Ͽա
ٶǶõġ

ˣȵǣȾᷨ鵤
˶ҾʹȥɣµĵѣǾʹ뿪ɣŮӼ˺Щʧ
һƳ󷽣ȴȻһΪٲ֣ȴģһֱδȵ˰Ѻöȡߣǲһһǰ
۳ƹӡҶȵѣˣŵҪģҶ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӡˮˣһֱδˣȥǲŷգץȡһˡ
ǣ˵ǸŮӣȴһҶ۳ƹǰЩɻ
ԥһᣬҶŮʩ񣺡λǵѣ뿪ܷȴҶ˻
û⣬λڴ˵Ⱥɣ
ŮĮδΪľ뺫ѩŮӣ͸ԴתʹҶ۳ƹӷ㳡󷽡
ҶȻöľ뺫ѩ뿪ߣΪɷһ̣һ鷳ô죿
ɹ㳡һƣŮӴһӡһˣȻһשߵĸ֮ۡС
ͽ
ݲҶ۳ƹӣعںεأͻȻǰһߵĴЦ
ʦ𣡡
۳ƹӻһ𣬶ҶҲʮִ㵣Ϊ֮ˣҲͨжϳˣŵ۴ɡ
תɲǣ滨۴ɣʯԣƷðȲ裬Ա߲¯ڹķڡ
ˣ
۳ƹ𺳣ۿʪˣ鲻Խ۴ɹ£ͷ
ҶҲǰһȭݼλǰ
Ǻǣ
۴΢΢۳룬Ȼּ䣬һ𣺡Ҷȣһμ㣬ʵΪѾϷ򶼸еǲϻۣ
ǰȣ۷Ҷһƨ
ʦ㲻ǳȥô۳ƹ侲Щʵ滨۴ɣǶˣӲ֪ʶġ
滨ŵʦǰ޽֮һУʶˣǰɣ
˵ֿ꣬һ۴ɡ
ѾǺܾ֮ǰˣȴŷ滨ô
Ǽѣǿľ
಻㣬һŬ̿Уõ滨ųޣ۳ƹӱж༤Ҳδ˷ܹͷǡôǫʩ
ţ۴ɰĿ⣬Ҷϣ滨Žܵ滨Ҷȵˣֶ۵ĵӣ
Ŷ
滨ٿһϣǵһοֱ飬¿ʼҶȣ·ͷţ뿴ˣΪûֶ۵Ϣ
ֶ۵ĵӣûдһӣţ۴Ц
Сӣû뵽㾹Ȼֶ۵ĵӡֲ˳׵ʣŵĵӣҲ֮һղЩУҲû˿Աȼ㣬֮УɫˮҲһ࡭ֶ۵ĵӣ˼˼
滨¶ϲЦݣ⣬Ǻ棬ϧΣ޷Ҷȵ̡
ǶģҪײδۻᣬǾͷ֮ĲģҪҶȣҵһμ棬ʦһʱ䣬һģܵɣΪڣҪ٣һżƷٵԵһʱ޴󣡡
۴ͻȻɫ΢΢࣬Ŀ۳ƹŲһֱͣҶϣȻ˵һóһŵҩҶȴȥ
Ʒٵǰ̫ˣҶЩٵɻٵĵҩ԰ֻ֣֮аּĵҩ
ΪǶɹ٣ҵ˿ٵİ취
滨ͻȻҲڣ㶼óˣǰģ˼СӣҾ͸ȥðɣ

ջһ˦ԣģ񽣣ͬʱ۳ƹҶǰ
־
Щˣ
ŰɣǣǵģֻĪҪǵһ⣬úУʱ۴ͷųǿϣͷһ
ǣ۳ƹҶȣץסպõҩ̹

滨ƾһһͰ˾ۡϿ۴ɣ˰ԪӼԪ֮ļԪڣҶûκΰ취칬һֱǹƿߣǶʲô취Ѱһͨĵ·ǲܣ칬ͷ
Щ񣬻٣ڹѰҹ취ϧǷ棬ھһзݡ칬֪ץ˶ˣΪھ๤滨֪Ϊʲôֶܾۣʲô
ֶۡϴֻһ֮ԵδϸϸӴҸҪúýӴ
ͷûһ˿ЦݣеֻһƮ޶ĶҡĿ⡣


1533 
Ʒٵ
뿪ڽΧҶ۳ƹӶ˷֮ɫľ뺫ѩӣԶԿó˱滨ټõ˾޴ô
Ҷȣ
˵ʲôеûǧҲټ֮࣬ǻٵͲͬˡ
Ҫģǻ֮پͷǰĴڣһҪģʱʱ̻̤֮̿
ɽɽ磬ҩٵΪټġ
ٵȻǶɹٵİԼپ飬ƶ֮ĵҩ
ڰ˵ٵãΪû֮Ƕڶ٣ÿһҩ޷õģûаԸԼľܡ
۴ɾһٵķ
ġΰѻٵãӦл̤˰ɣǻϰҶȻ취û뵽ȻһżƷٵǰ֣Ƶĵҩ
ģϣˣ
ȥʱգأ
滨Ůӣͳʱգһתϰϰȥ
뿪󷨣ǰǶ֮γɵĿռ䣬ľЩĽؿˣǵõñ˰ɣ
Ҷ۳ƹһᣬҶȵʲô⣬ǵԼ滨۴ɵݣߵĴڡǻҪŬ
ľʱĵ˼ۣʲôΪͷѪ
ӵҲûô˶㣬ܰɫΪ
ǰǰ
һһͣӹľǳ˼һᣬȻУˣԼаħˣڿգƯ
һˣľţ
һˣޱȣ޽֮˾µӣˮ
ˣɶ滨Ŷڳ޵ţ
ˮͬУܳĴڡ
ֶݶͷѹٵˮγɵΧˣ𿪼֮⣬û˿Կ֡
ǰұԣҶδӦһΡãҾʹӦ㣬ﲻʺҽ֣Ѱ֮ٽ֣
ˮͻȻһɳ죬ʧڶʱղ񷣬ҲһϣڲʼģͷŴ۷âˣ˭ȥ֣ϧٶȣֻĪ
ˡҶȣ֮ҲΪ޽֮أĴڣħӡ鹫ӡɱˮһᳬԽǣԶԶ˦ں棡
ŵÿһˣ˭Ϊǿߣ
Ҷȿƽȴǧˣӿɽ翪ʼĿǰΪֹڼУطâڵȴʱʱһķâܼκξţ˿ɱȡ
һ㣬õ滨ŵ㻯ȷԼĵԼȥ;УȻ˲⣬֮ԱǣЦŪҲԼ˿ɣұң˿ҡ
Ȼ޷ı磬磬Ҳ޷ıң
˽صʱ룬ǧˣ󲿷ֶ滨ϧʧˣǿûѰľͷ
ľ쳡ѩӱӵصĽ̫飬Ƕκξͷа㶯ġ
۳ƹҲоްԵɣţһ滨Źϵǳ۴ɣƸ߶ȣҲﵽ˰ӲҪȥֺ
ҶȣδҪʲôˡ
֮䣬ˣԼõģʵģʵģֻԼҶҪС
ȻԿʣֻܿ棬ǾõģԼܿ͸Լô޷ӵУֻȿ塰Լܿǰġ·׳ʿľģȻߵͷҡ
ٲˣУһͨ磬Уȴ½
̫Ҵ½ŸոսҪ뼸ʦ㡢ʦ֣ʱҴŰЩ֮ҲͨκεĿ飬ǡǡҶȡʱضâɣ
ʱ䲻Ϲȥ˶ھϢ֮УϾһ·̫£Ҷ˵һѵõƬϢʱ䡣
ڵȴ½Ҫ˹෴ߣҪ¼Ҫ񣬼ɽ磬ݺ޵е
¼Ѿݹɵ֣ƿ֮ҶҲʱҵ취Ӧ׽ơ
ˡ
£
֪ʲôʱɽ˺ƺԤʾʲô£Ҫ
Ȼӡľ޴󶯵ʱգһת֮ͷǿʱս翪ʼһİ䣬ƿδ֪Ķʱգ˶վ˫ۡ
ʣ½һ̣ڿˣ
వصǿߣ׷׵ӿ֣Ŷʱʧһ½½½ҪʮĴ½Ʈգ¶ŵģ
찡޽֮أʱӵĴ½
δй
ֶΣ漣
һˣͨڡڡڵ٣ͳΪOΣȫ½
ȷ޽֮ضӵк̺ʣǣδô޴Ĵ½
漣ΰ漣
ͷ֮¼ڹȥһˣһ꣬ô£һʱ䣬˹ʱ˾޴Ĵ½½ÿУ
Ҷľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӣվɽ˺֮Уÿһ𾪣Ҷȣعָһصȥչڣһڱ仯ÿ˶ڱ仯š
λ
ȻһׯϣʥޱȵӻδֳĴ½Уݶ
ǡ˹
񷣬˶ʱ
ҶȴԴҵݣİڳͷ֮磬йԻ˹
Ǵ˹Ĺڽл˷ǰ󣬲ħڡ塢аָл½ʽ½һ졭ʧɽ糤֮Уǣɣӭǣ
˹ٴϵضضѹ಻

˵ڣˣȿֺ󣬷·ڶܣ½ΪĿ꣬ˢˢسȥ
ߣ
Ҳһһ磬޽֮شţǶô׳˺ĵطҶȡ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩȺһӵϡ
˺Ƴˮӿ½
ף綼ǽװ
ˣҴ󲿷ֶǶ٣վ˵۷壬Ƿɹʱգͼ½ΧȻƯһĽףһˣΪﵽڣγɵľӡ
̵˶޷ü
ӰΧ½һ׶ʽĻʹڳǳ룬εضĸߵ֮ϣдСǧ֮࣬ޱȣ𷲽ĻʹҪΰ׳̫ࡣ
һʱ˹£ôˣΪм
һɨɱҶȾЩĿɽ糬һţһţжٵڣ
أ
ɱȻڣ˼飬޽֮أĵһ
ˣԽԽ࣬ϵӿƺ֪½˴Ӷʱռپۼ


1534 Ϊ
һ½Ϸһ󷨣γɲƻĽ磬ӳָ¾κǿߣԺ硣
óǴﵽ۷壬ǰ񣬲ſԵġ
Գ
˷ǣ벻ҪʹҲҪ󷨣벻ܽȥ磡
ӵڴϷȥϧɱγɵǿƣ˶ʵʵͣ²ǰ׵Ĵڡ
˭ҷ
ǵɷɷҲᱻϣ׵
öСһ˲ܽʹֻзˣ滨ְ񣬲ܽʹǰȥĵطһֻܿ֡һԳħһ£Ƿ˸ȻʹҲ֪˹ۼЩͷǺεȵĳ棬ͷۻᰡ
ҶкƽΪڲϵط취ͷ磬Ҫһ˹Լþ׷ħ桢Щķâ
䡭ҶȾãеˣӦòⳡʢᣬΪ˹Ƿ칬Ĵڡ
һǣǬ
һǣ
Ǭν칬ͷڳͷ֮磬ǬȻ뵱ʱĴ˹йϵԴ˹ؽ޽֮ӳڣκϢӪ˵һ칬ľ޴Խˡһ̡Լͥȵȡ
д𣬴Ȼȥ칬ûеҹϵǰ°Ŀ˵ĴڣѹâǴȥ˹ͥμп˹ۻᡭ߾ǰҵˣȻǴ˶Գ˹ϵҲҪкǣ
˼⣬ҶѾ˴żƻ
ʱ֮Уһ䣬׳ʵӼȵȻܽʹأΰĹڳǳУóѹص౦ó۸ǳͣ͵ڣԳǮΰĹð˷ѣһˣ´·
׾޺˵꣬һִǧˣǧ֮Ľףʼɳڵգγһͨػ࣬һֱǳ֮ڡ
ಣ
ˣʼ˹ȥ
ҶȸӦ֪صδȴ󲿷˷ЩŲϵؽһֱͨʹ֮С
˸ӣԳħ޷׳ġֻҰԪȥһ취
ڽǳһҶ̴߶ԪһԪա
Ҷֵܣʲô㶡ߣ۳ƹǰһҶȼҶЦЦ˲ŷǳء
Ͽգ
صĿռС
һٶɱڴһٶˣڸ߿ͨС
Ǵͬ
ҶԪٿȻ߿գʩչԪһ񣬶ԸӦĴڣؿռ䣬Ƿ˵Ӫδ˶ģȻҶȵˣεȻ
һپͷʵǿҲǰΪǰȻ޷ӳҪӦҶȵԪܣΪҶȵıʵѾ಻
ˣôˣ
˷һٶˣΪ·ĴɱͷߣҲһһǿߣ޷ӦҶȵĴڡ
ѹ֮УεȻ󷽣һȻ΢΢¶֮ɫǹԳħ
д߶ԪѾҶȵԪԪ񣬰ҶȽ
ڣҶ޷Ϥ¼̺ʲôʹ֮Уֻͨ㣬ҾͰԪ񣬼Ԫ֮Уһͬʹ
ã
Գħû˿ΥҶȵ뷨˲߶Ժӡʼ⿪ͬʱһ΢΢΢磬Գħ
ȻҶȾƯԳħԪ֮ڣԪ󣬱ҶֲµķӡԪ󣬵Դ硣
κԳħĳ
ҶȱѾŶľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӽǳС
ˣǼʱεȻϺ꣬Դ½Ͳ뿪߰벽˲һ޷鿪ȥ㣡
ԳħԪҶȵԪԱߣ뱾ͬ壬Ҷȣѡ
ҶȿԳħԪͶӰһֱӦǷˣһʱУʱʲô򣿡
½Χʱ䣬һֱԤ칬ļϸȻУþйϵ

һİʵһֻۣһֻ۾࣬ȴֲ֪ʲôڼԪ֮Ϊ˰˵ɴۡˣͬʱڵĴڣ
ҷˣк⣿
һðİ
һ滨ţһ
񣬰٣ͥΪֹҲֻͥǰ񣬻нʹߣţͷ񣬿Ҳǰͥ񣬵½Ѿа׷ħ桢þ滨š
ǡ޽֮صİ񣬶Ĳ˰ɣ
Գħˣϣһ뷴ˣԺɹʶ⣬ϾʵԽκηεȻȴûдӦҲδӡεȻʩչӼơ
ǿ𣿡
ϣҶȾЩ⣬Ȼ˷һ̫ࡣ
ڲӵеپͷ̫ˣǵ䣬һڼԪڣɴۡǰɽĴܣΪ̫ƻ
̫ƻ
ðһҶ
һأ̫پͷƽʱǴķ磬һֱǸܣ̫ƻĳ֣ű֤ʵģ칬ͨ޵Уɴۣһͬˣ칬޵дܳâɣѹһİ񣡡
ɴͬʱڵ˺
û뵽ǿĳ̶ȣ̫ƻΪ䣬Ȼң޵
Գħֵڶ˵ʵ̫ƻеһƴҼһƣòѪǸаĿģڶԵ֣ʵһĿȻϣˡΪ
εȻηӦģҶ󣬱סˡ
εȻʩչӼƣҲû취εȻ֣ôεȻͻᵱӦһ̺Ըһ˰ˣ˫޹
ԭͷӵԼΪʱڣɵ۷ӵһľͷ
ջҲǣܵõ֮䣬ΪδһϢ
ҲӦͷ½ɲۻģǸԼĴ⡣
λϾͽʹˣ
Ȼ䣬ǰɱٶȡ
ҶԳħֹͣǰһȻ˻ʹǰһ֮̽ǰŽɱһһС
Ȼһ׳۵Ļʹڴǰ֮ĴΪɱľͷˣذͨʹϷƯ빬֮䣬ʻš
̫Ҵ½ķ棬ֱɾ


1535 Ļٵ
λΪͷ·ϣʱҾⷽԷϢ£ԵΧһߣҪ뿪ԷԷ֮⣬ֹ⣬ҾúϢҩ
ˣʵ޽֮صɢޣļ
ʹһשһߣǼƷʯɵģ黨ǶǾĴڡ
ϧɱ˹ͻᣬһԷڣС͵Ĺ¥㹻Ϣˡ
ˣֻȴˡ
û£һͬȴɣ
ԳħԪҶȣʼҷӡȴ˹ټ
ǳС
Ǻӣɳһе
ʮ׹㳡ֲɳظ
Ǵ󲿷֣ۼʮ׹㳡ʣһˣڳǳйͷ羰Ͼǳأ޽֮طнɵģΰ漣
καȲ漣
Ҷڽ̫Ҵ½ֶպôһӣΪο
ľ쳡۳ƹӡѩӣҲδһʱȥѰҶȣǳء
š̫ˣ
ǳشʣ÷ʣɣʣộȻ˵ƿأǸı壬ǳںϣ۳ƹӿſţ۷ֱ÷ʣ濪ٶɣûдıʵ̬
ǰȥôطҲټܸıʵĴ½˹ǰȻɵеĴ棡
ľ쳣̾ѡ
ҵĿ갡
ֶ죬ǽɣûжľ֮У޾޿˵ǣɴ֮һ£𾪰˷
̫Ҵ½Ҳﵽǰ߶ȣ̫ˣ
ٵȻлٵˣ
ڳǳͣȻһ죬һЩˣƵأǳ롣
ľ۳ƹӣ̶ˣٵ
۳ƹӾҪͻһ٣ľ쳣ƿҪͻƵڶ٣бΪκ˶죬ٵҪĶ
ҶҲû£ʮǿߣĸҪٵԪаʡĿЩپͷҪǣٵҩƳֻаơ
ɳ룬һʯɵԲν׹شǰʮһ
ʲô뽻һƷʯſԽȥ
ǵģλѣλѣǰģÿһ죬ı޷ȼģһƷʯֻǱ֤Ƕÿμѵһ֤㲻룬һҪı˽֣ʧȥɣ
Բν׹ǰΧˣ඼ڣһҲûС
һɱżʮ֣ڽ׹ڡ
ȻҪÿȽȥˣ֤
һƷʯ
ڡڵˣֻεΧΧͨƷƷƷƷʯ˵õóƷʯͲһˡ
ϡе䱦ֻж٣ƿƷʯҲУٵĿ
һ޷ԽѶȣΪûжܽȥʵǣǶٸ֣ȥˣһƷʯȻУҲд󲿷֣˷ģó֤Ϊһ̤뽻׹ǾлᣬõԼҪı
Ʒʯ
Ҷľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӵԥһץһö䣬ͽ˿ɱȻͦأ뽻
۳ƹӡҴһ㰡
ľ쳽㡭
һʱ䣬ˣ۳ƹľϳý飬뽻ϧǵ֮ȫûˡ
ߡҶȽȥˣҲȥܸ
ˣƶһΪ첽Ҷ˽룬ҲóƷʯȻûգƤ̽ȥ
ǵɷϸһҪʸ׷ħ棬Ըңô˵һ̵ˣ
뽻״ˣˣװκƷʯҴܿ״ϵʮ㡣
Ҷȣδ˼עΧϣһֱڰУע½㰵иˡ
ͨԷһ̡
ҶҲȥӵǰӽ̨λãв㣬Ȼ󰲾£ˣԽԽ࣬Լнˣڵ٣ڣһС֡

֮ˣȻ䣬̨ϣһ磬ʮˣ롣
ٿȻ
ʮˣؼһӣ涼һӡԼжʮӣıֻôࡣ
һˣķȭλѣıôʧģ鱦ҲлٵڣĳģҲǲȱ
У
˻һ첨ˣĿࡣ
˭ǣ
㲻ɵ磬Ҳκμֵ򲻵ģΪǷƷ
һıһΪԤȣ
˵꣬һλ˾СһУ֮ʱһֻһ߳Ľɫ񽣣Ư롣
ܵǽ߽Ҳ֪ƷʣΪŴҶЩ˽⣬ļֵҾͲ˵ˣۣļۣƷʯ
ǧ
˵꣬һˣͼرһнˣ˵λãģϢȵȡ
ǧ
ǧ
ǧ
򣡡
Ƭ̰ˣ۸Ȼֱ
ҽмۻδֹͣµһ֣ʼˡ
ѽλҶ֪ҿ޲ԣԶ˽ģѽ߽ĥ࣬Ȼû𣬵ֻͨҶȿˣ
ԭһѩһĶ͸ˣһ
ľοȻҶһŲɡ
ǧǧãʹ˼۳ɽȥ
ڣһҾۣ߽һλٸĵ֡
ԤȣȻǻٵ߳ҪһνһΣ
˴ЦݣȻִһУֻûʲôԣȴһɰϢŵҩƯһŷӡ֮У
ٵ
ˣΪ֮
ŻٵƷٵƷƷƷ뼫Ʒ߼ٵȻǰͷƶɣƷţļۡھƷʯ
ˣһ˶֪֡
򣬿ɲٰ
ǻٵȴϣˣϵİ񰡣
壡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ壡
˲ϢˣʼۣҼ۸ڲϵ
ʮ򣡡
ľ쳣ͻȻҲʼмˡ
ʮ壡
ϧĺ۸սûдϢᣬһˣͰѼ۸ϵˡ
㣬ѹǵƣѩŭڣ˺üۡ
ɶԷ˿Ǹ
С㣬İɣȻСҪһΪС۳ƹ׼ˣڵȴһЩһ٣ƴ֡
˭š
ȲżڻǶٸֳۣ٣ҪٵĴڣǳ֮ۡ
ľʮ侲˿ҲӰ飬ٵص֮


1536 
˽м֮ʱҶһֱûжУȥԪӦҪһʱ֪ʹ
ϧȻڹԷϢҲ֪ʹ
ʮƷʯ
Ȼ䣬һ֣һɣĿУҶĿȥ
ƷٵȻĳʮƷʯļ۸
֮ˣһߡ
ٳˣһЩڣϷֻһ١ǿߣìܾš
Ȼľ쳴ʱļžʮ壡
ʮ򣡡˭֪һٸ֣ڶľ˵֮󣬼Įأ˼۸
ʮ壡
ţһǿߣ˼۸
գ۹һˣƲʲôͷٵΪֱָͷʮ򣡡
Ʒʯʮ򣬷ǰǶôһѣ˶꣬ſԵõôʯ
ȽŻٵһҲ̯˶١
ߣǿߣǶԣΪѾھͷҪôԶӡ֮ߡ
Ҫôͻ취ƽһ̤
ȻЩȡٵǿߣǲһ֣ڻ֮УɱԼĶ䣬۾ɽ磬ţΪνߣҲ벫һȡᣬ
״ڣΪһ֣࣬ľ쳣һ֣ʮһ򣡡
ǲǶľ𣿡
ԭһ١һ٣ôۺ
һЩˣ඼Ƕˣ˼֣ȻͷѰߣľʱһСˣ֪ľ쳡
һߣغʮ򣡡
ʮ򡭡
ߣǵžߣ˵꣬һˣȻֱӣѼ۸ֱʮƷʯ
һѾǲ˼֣٣г֮
෴ΪһٵĶľ쳣ԵЩʧȥ
ۿľ쳣ЩǰɫҶͻȻ˵λӣ۳磬Ѿ۴͵һŻٵȻţôպһţҲƽˣٵ£
ô˼ľЩ⣬ĲҶ⣬ҶΪŵɽ꣬ôƷʯ
֮䣬ǼֵԺģ
Ҷֿ˿ˣЦȻȻ˵һȫž֣ʮ򣡡
⣡
ɲǼ䣬ľ쳡ѩӾ΢΢һӼΪƵġ
ʮ򡭡ʲô˰
һ٣һһ٣
һ֣ҶȣΪȫĽ㣬ˣ̨ϵĽˣҲڿ
֪μǰʱ䣬һ٣ֹӣֶĵӣҶȣ

Ȼиˣ֪ʲôλĵڣҶݡ
νһʯǧˣţ˾̾׷ףۡ˷ƺʮ˵֣ڸ˹ȥ
ʮһ򣡡
һ꣬ƺҶȱ˹עЩǿߣâڸ˹ȥڵһ֣ǹѹҶȡ
ʮ򣡡
һһΪǿߣƺ࣬ƺЦٵǿߣһССһ٣Բ
Ȼܣ
ʱ˿̣ٴοҶȣеڴ඼ڿ֣ЦҶмӡ
ѹסң
ҶȺȻһЦֺһˣоʮʲôʮ򣡡
ɶ񡭡
Ȼһĸ˶ڻԼĶ䣬ǲҶȣΪǴĸſڿӣ
ǿߣҶǸ֪ߵغСӣŶֲͷţǿپͷȣмӡ
г۵𣿡ˣ˰ʵ
ûκ˿پͷҲˣƷٵһ֪ʲôҩЧҩߣǾʹѪˣʮ۸񣬻磬ĵøõı
ɽٵڸ£
һɨˣ˫һģȻһˣϱУ½̨һҶǰ
ʱٴοҶȣҶòôƷʯкùӳˣҶ붼û룬ƣһöˣˡ
ԷͷԪһռ䣬ϰѱнҶȣת̨ͷպãһŲ
ã׼У̨ϼˣЦݡ
һɽСӡȻۺĲƿˣȻû˵ʲôζͲˣζƿ
濴ֵܣԭǸ۳ƹӼ˼Ҷȸ첲ڨڨЦľ쳡ѩӶܸˡ
ٵˣ
ĵһΪ
Ȼˣ֮һҶ˫ۡ
˵ѣ඼֪Ϊɽ磬ʵϡ٣УҲƻĺܣʱݵ뿪Ϣڲͬĵطֳãӵ𵤣ӵУǿߣǿʱذǿߵ
ȷٰ֮پͷõ
ǰĹҲʥʵţޡ඼õͷɽʧܣתУ
һЩٸ֣ꡣ

һֱ˫۵Ҷȣƽ𣬸ոսֶ죬ִеһ񣬾ȳͬ飬ǴʹȥǵһΣ˴˵е
뵱ʱ棬ֶɹйѺˣȳ
ǴΣҶȵõ֦ڣóȥˣΪʥҲ㵱һ޴롣
ʱȥѰ棬׽ѹϧʮֽƻϢܻԭأȴֶȥʰˣҶҲͷⲻ֪Ȼ
ɽʮϡ٣
̨˿ʼܣԪǰϹˣΪϹŴеʥϧʱǨһĴۡǿȥ֮٣ھɽ磬ڣ޽֮شŹӣǱ֮ڣһ֣ǰھɽġʱաõģ׸Ϲֿǵã츣һ˵ѣӱóģ
׼۶٣ؽɴʵ
ʮƷʯΪ⣬޷ƷҲǵһѡ񣬿ʼɣϺӡ
ʮһ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
Ͼжٸַ֣мۡ
ʱգǰʱŵõģ
ȻҶȸоһĻᣬǰţӵʮκľϵֱΪڵģ֮ǰ뵽ͻڵİ취ʱ̫֮һ߶ʱҪöӣҪˣõҾͿԴϢУҵĴڣҵΪˣ
ɽ磬ʱգҶѾͲסҪȥõȵõ
öҼǵãʱȸãùһЩ֦ڡ˵ƺкܴô
ľ˼ϸ壬ȥ뵽֮¡


1537 ͷ
꣬Ҷǵɱ棬õ֦ڣߣ벻ͬ˴򽻵ȸҲڵʱȡһ֡
£Ϊ㣬ľȻ֪
ʱҲõϧ̫ͣʵ㣬򲻻ǰ㱩ھͷ޷ҿε䱾ӦôﵽٵĴڣʮǿ󣬶ǿô֮󣡡
ɶľἰҶҲдĶ࣬ٿǰۣѾﵽʮƷʯҲ˽мۣ۸ҡֱϡ
ҪʱڣȻҪõһŹӣôҵıȻڶʱ˾ġ
ʮ򣡡
ܿ죬۸ʮ
˫ȭ߬Ҷȿľ쳣αǱҪõģҲҪһ٣ֻп٣ǿߡ
ʲôҪ˵ǣľ֮˫ͫġ
ʱҶڿʼмˣ۸ʱѾǵʮ壬ۺһʮ򣡡

һ֣һ֣ȴñ඼룬õǿߣ׷ŤͷԹҶȡ
ƺÿ˶˵ôֶСӣ
Ĳ
ͷǮǴү˿ʵʵԴкһ֣ǿжģ󲿷ֶʣʣȻҪȥ
ʮ򣡡󲿷ǿߣһ£Ʒٵǵõ֮󣬿Ƴǿķκη޷ȼҶȵķ
Եӵ֮תãҪɹתϾת鶦ƶģȴǴȻɣûпɱԣǵҩĲһǺ죬һ졣
ԣǿߣԷ֪õĻٵһŹôУٵɰƣǰ޷ƶɵģ񶼿ı
ʮ򣡡
һپͷ߼۸
ʮ򣡡
һǿߣٲȻҲõźۡ
ʮ򣡡
ȻһǿߣǸߣĵģһӰѼλߵʮء
֣Ѿֲܿˣֳ΢΢
Ҷȣһ֣ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
һ꣬ͨΪ֪жǿ󣬶ҼбƵģ붼û룬ҶһֱӰѼ۸ֱգ۾ʮء
˼ʮ򣡡ҶƳһֻ꣬ܿĲ棬⣬ȻһɼΪҶȵĸӦֱӷ顣
Ȼ֣ҶȾ£Ǯ֮УжٵĲ֮
ʮ򣡡ֽ꣬ۡ
£û˼Ǿ㡭Σʮ򣡡ԭ״ѻȸһˣ٣һֱȥ
ҶȺЦһ˶һۣӣ۳ƹӡľ쳡ѩӣһֱЩʮ֣һʱ޷ع
˵ǲȱٵģ֮أνΪʳΪ
ڸ˵κβֻһְˡ
ԭ꣬ӦûȻ붼û룬ֱۣʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡣
ʮ򣡡
һ򣡡
ת˲ڣûˣһ֣ϵڴصÿ𵴡
һƷʯǿߣҲֻ̾Ϣ֡
ٴοҶȣҶȳ˺棬һĬĬŵСӣһٰˣȻõóһƷʯȻֲֶһӡ
һ򣡡
ˣͻȻһɨϣҲЩ⣬ƺû뵽һֵ˼
ˣĬĬҡͷ̾ϢǸ꣬ҲȻֵرּĬûһ£˵ͷǿߣȻתҶȣȻҶȵͷŴС
꣬ʲôû侲ĳ档
úãöٴλ˵ĵѣˣ˵־һˣűҶȷȥ
ȻעҶȣҶȻǺܼ򵥣óһö䣬˰ѱнУ˶ˣҶ޷Ĳ
¡㲻ˣɷһ̣ҲȲϽѹסǿ߷âԾƣĵɵĺ䶯޴ˣĸ³ȥ֮˶֪ۺӵؼŻٵȻٵǡνƥӽ쿪ʼֲ̤ʵȥˣ
ףһ
ǣľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӣ˴Ĵһֱڰ죬²ãҶҪ£βͬһ֪ٵǿߣȡһС
ЩԺ롭
ҶȻ£򾲵ЦЦѱ봢䡣
šʹжˣ
ԪȻ߶һɷ籩ҶϷʼӦȥԪʣѾ˼
ʹ֮У
ڿԳȥˣ±ë
ԷУһٶ֣۹֮УεȻӸߴ˷׷ױȭʩ
Գħǰܲ˵
ֵǣǾҪͷӴҿɲҪ³ç£ǴҷӪأ
εȻ뿪ڹ֮⣬ض䣬֮ڹԷڣһʮŮڹȴ
ŹŮ뿪Է
ˣԽ룬ۿ׷ħ桢滨šþЩͷˣ֮УҲмδ
ԳħԪ֮ڣҶ˵
滨š׷ħ桢þҵǼˡδӦûİ񡭡ҶҲ쳣ڴ磬ǰףʸĵط
ɽ磬ľͷǰһ磬վˣǶеΨһһһ·֪˶ʬ֮ɽѪ֮
Ůˣʱ֮䣬Ȼ߳ȣǰһȻʵĹ㳡޴ޱȣķнɱҲ๬ŮǶ޷һ£κζ
̤㳡ͼ㳡ǰһߵĹ·ʣ
Ϊһײˣĸߣû뵽㣬εȻȥ֮󣬿һûжʱ䣬ģ
ŹŮ죬ͽڹ㳡ʯɵ͸ʱͻȻ䣬һ֣Ҵһŵ

ԳħǰεȻȻֻʮˣһ۵ĹˣŹŮϹ㳡
ˣбͣҲ۾۾Ȼͬûг˵˫ۣ˫۴ƤȡüλãȻֻһֻۣ滹һüë
ǡ
ԪеҶȣһǳǳڵıҲ˸顣
ȥ飬ǣûͻأһû۾ȴһֻۡһüëĹͻš
ţ
֮ʣҶͻȻĿ⣬ɵؿ󷽣΢΢һɱƶǣȻͶǡһɹˣ
󷽣վŵʮˣͷааˣǿļ֮һɱ󷽣йƶ
ǣڿʼ޽֮صλ꣬ɢޣ˿ͷǿߡ
һĻҶȼΪƶеˣҲһεꡣ


1538 һ
ͶͷƷ⡣
ǣҪϣ׵̾ͷ
ΪˣĸԸѡ񣬿ɼɽ֮ķɱƶҲܲˡ
ֻܣʵѹͷ­
Ƕȥ룬ʵ񶯵棬Ͷһ񣬵ȷһֶΣܱȼϸ֮УҪǿϰٱ
һ
ҶҲٵǰĶħ𣬿ƸӵĹ죬ƺôѰ˫ۣôȥù죬һֻۣȻɫʱ¶һһƣֻͷЩҲס˸֡
εȻΪ䣬԰ѹ侲ͷԣҲ֪˲һ˵ңã£һ˿Ծģ
εȻһֻϣϷˣǵĻᣬϴμҲҪѹһʲô
ˣȫΪģ׵ľ
ˣݲ÷
˵ˣɫоһѹžʯ
۸ʲôͣ
Ȼһ긾ŮһȻ꣬ߣŸӲɣ
ԳħԪ룬ƯŵҶȣһǸŮֱ治ӣǺεȵİԵϲһЦǡ滨šҵĹԹԣʹ㳡һһֳ
滨ţʲô£
ȻŶȥĿ£滨ŴʮɫŮӣŹŮҲ㳡
滨ţһʱڣడ
˽£ʼੲš
εȻ滨ţǳһ˿Цݣֿ·ƣ˲٣񣬿ܴܵѹơ
滨ŴһŮδ߹ڹ㳡ϣŶ΢΢ЦǰſǸϹΣ˺ôҲһ֧ΪһǴŶ㲻
ߣ¸꣬ҵΪ֪˭ǿ˭Բѣ滨ţ㻹⸱ŵģ֪˶ӵľԪഺɣڱУˣͲʲôаģһ·ɫ
滨ǳ⣬ͷŷâȻ˿һȣɱƶа֣ĸʿǡ
滨ţǴԼĵҪΣҲҪ˹һӣͬģʲô滨ɱˣҲɣ
ĺȻһһɭɭЦ
ǡ
ҶӰһЩİϤϾ뵽˭˭˿ֻа
þ
ȻҶԳħĿ⿴ȥһȺŮ£þһۣȻûκεѪ⣬ȫһǼܣĵĿնۿڲ·ڲϻζȼš
󷽣ŵ󲿷ֶһĸ֣ӳͷ֮ӳٵۣɱϣһЩþĸ֣ǿҲв١
ٵۣϴþ㷴ݣҾӴҪעⷴߵĶþҶȵûжעٵ۾Ͳһˣһ𷴿ߡ
þһ滨ŶЩ侲ǴĴӣƻգڴ˹ĵ
ͬΪεȻɫ֪жѿ䣬ǰ񣬾һ٣Ȼѡ
һİ
ոոջһЩͻȻһſ񣬳֮Цһ
̿ȥڹŮ£һħֳ֣Ϊߣһ׷ӡ
׷ħ棡
Ҷȼ׷ӣͻһΪ׷ӣħڣһ˶Կʮħߣ׷ħ档
˵ʵ֮ͨܣڼ֮УΪǿģԪϸԪЩһͳħڣֻдߣѹס
ħԪȻǿն׷ħϵһ߶ͻᱻ׷ħӦ˱ԸһħԪ䣬ŭ֮£ҵ̫Ҵ½½
׷ħ棬ٴУһжΪħԪ𣬽ţҶȼ׷ħ󷽼ʱ¶һɱɷȻͶһ޵ǿ߰Աˣ΢΢ȥһЩɷ񡭡Ǹǿɷ
ɷɷֲʱ䣬ֻһ̵вңԭΪͶ׷ħ棬޷ԸҰˡ¼ΪֹӣǱȻŹңҲΪ׷ħҪĶ󣡡
˵ɷɷҶȶ˼⣬Ϊ뵽ôһ죬ɱƶͶ˶᲻Ͷͷ
ζţĵˣǶ٣УһͷϴεشۡشۡʹߣҶֵһ̵ĵ׷ħ棬ԺӲùˡ
Ϊ˭ԭħֵܣ
滨þǰɵ׷ħ棬һ㣬׷ħк
ͬʱµǿߣɱƶҲɷɷ濪ʼӴһ϶ͷڿˮݡ
ţ
ȻҶһһ׷ħЩħʱ䣬ĿһĺϣûʲôԵطҶȵԪڤڤ֮Уһ
ӡ
ȻҶйʣйʲôϵҶԳħĿ⣬ںϣʩչ龻֣ӦΧɵϢ
ϤϤϢһϤķϢЩôһԼϢ
ͨӦӣҶ̫㵾ȵĵطȻ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀһ˫üһڼˣɷϢǷħǰڷӡ֮أħ߶ħһδҽ֣ԷħϢǲǵģħħȡߣôϵ
ѵ
ӣǷħǰˣǣôϢ֮УķħϢôˣпܾǡħ
һͷҶ𺳣лصħô׷ħһ𣿶ҷħϣڤڤ֮Уô̺һɣ΢Ϣᰡ֮£ҵ󣬷ûӵҵϢһȣô©ħɶħ¼Ͻ֮һֱûʲôѵħħϵ
Ϣƽ޹ʣһİϣضӴͬ壬ͬˡ
ȻҶȵǲħнʵģӲܣôֻһܣħ
ħħнʣʵҲħ˷ħںʱһᴥħڷħڲķӡħпܣͨͨҵħڣʶҲ֮У
ħɵ죬壬ûκεϢģֻԪˣôһҵϢǷħҲӦ㣬ħôƻȻһ㣬ħίߣʮ
һȡ
һҶͻȻһͣ⡣
ħڷӡ֮أΪ޼ʯ칬һֱעΪǣһˡǬ


1539 
Ǭ
ҶУ޷ĨȥǿУ
ӡ֮ʱҶȸû뵽񣬻ǬϵһڻȻ൱ʱ޷⿪ɻ
ȾΪʲôͻأͷŽȵʧ¼
Ǭֶ죬һӣҲƻֶ죬ѹңڷӡ֮أѹ˹Žȵӣĳյӣðյӣ޷Ĵ˻ȥУɾħͬ
⣬ʱпܣǹŽˣӡ֮أ޼ʯǬ޼ʯ¶ȥŷӡǡ
ħʱ򣬱Ǭȳӡ֮أõ޼ʯʹǬʵڻָС
Ǭʲôˡ칬֮ѹʵﵽεȵĿֲǴ˹ͷ칬֮ѹġ
Ǭ칬֮ѹģκǿߣûʸֱ칬֮ѹ
һ֮ҶȲſ϶ʱʵǬ˹ȾͷҲڰУʱʱָ̻̿ʵ׳
˹ؽ֤˹ѾָʵҪʼһ칬
׷ħ桭ħһ𡭡ѵħħ԰ȳ׷ħҲǬֻ۵ʵô˵׷ħҲǬƿصǿߣϷħ֪жٵǿߡµǬ̶ʱ䣬£ôľͷ
ڣҶ¼ǰʵһ޴ļƻƻʼٸߣǬ
֮ǰ룬Ǭ𣬼п½Ȼˣ׷ħˣǬ
׷ħ桭㻹ǵõ𣿡
ʱͷڹ㳡һ˼
þȻ׷ħ棬һݼɵ˵
㣿
׷ħһƳþƺŬ룬ȻҡҡͷϢϹϢΪӦҲǴϸԪǿߣֻ浱ݺɽ磬ɨƽٵǿߣ㡭ûʲôӡߣ
˵꣬ǣŷħɷɷħȵȸ֣㳡ǰľ޴󹬵
Űþƺ׷ħ棬û뵽ڱ׷ħ䳰һζ
Ȼ壬Ҳٵ۵򹬵
滨šεȻҲŸȥ
֪ڣ»жٵİ񡭡ҶȰ˼ţҲδͷŸӦȵ˹ſʼӦʹжٵľͷٵǿߡ
㳡ʯɣʥϣʱ˲߹㳡һȥͨĽݣûҲǧ׷ħ桢滨šþĴȻǲȥνףҲ⡣
ÿһݣ඼һˣΪӾˣﵽһ٣ôôӴ֡
۹ɲᲢ۵ġ
ǰʱˣĴεȻ˹ǰŹرգ֪ʲôˡ
ǰһߣλǰλǰһֻܴӽ룡
Ĵ񣬸ţ׷ħɷħͬ滨žλŮӸ棬þôǿߣȻֻѡٵۣһٸ棬һٵٵۣǲ򵥣˱þС
ѡɱһǿߣεȻԳħһ𸱹һͬߣŶȥ
ֻڹ֮ȴţҷһ㶯
ʱҶȲòСϢ빬ֱԾһһϹŶ
֨
ŻƿһȽ룬εȻ𸱹룬Ȼżʱϡ
ⳡ桭
Գħ̧ͷһۣɲѣҶȿģ࣬һϹŶһ
߾ǰȻˡȣҶҵϤףһλãҶȼһϤĲϤ
˵߾
һɫΧǿ߾ͷǣҲΪ໥ʮλֻһģһˣٳδ
Ϣһȣǡ
߾ԱߣˣҶȵע˶Ѯߣһһ룬һ߶೤üۣޱȣĹŻƵۣͼģ֡
ǡͷ֮еϼ𣡣
˵ĳ࣬ʵ̫÷ֱ棬һϢǹҶȽſһˣ෴һһɷǣΪݣ·Ӳմ壬ͷűƵķ٣ȻһŻƵۡ
λǰӦþ
Ӧ֮ҶѾȷͷݣͬԹͥϼ߾ͷͷ˹ؽ౦ۡ
˹϶ģؽ౦ۡģֻʱ⡣
ңҶȸ˵ģ߾Ȼﵽ˰񾳽磬˶꣬붫һǵʵѾնɱͻư߾ʵӦ޵еĴڡ
ͻƣһͻƣǾž춯ص
Ҳһ̾ᣬϼ𣬻۷壬ϵȻʵҲﵽ˰ͷʵÿһԽεȻ̫࡭
ҶȿʼƣȻΪʼ
Ϥ˿ʼӦ߾ͻưҶȼ֣˱Ȼվһ𣬶ɴۣôľ޵УȻ֣֮ͱˣˡ
Ŷ߾ɱ칬һĴ棬ɴȻΪ˴㣬´ԴΪ˳Ա֮ã߾ӳ֮ȻΪжһԸΪ񣬲¡
пܣΪ˰
׷ħ棬񣡡
˿̣ڣµʮˣˣʼ񣬴кܻӭǰ׷ħ滨šˣþʵ֮£ͷʱʱ׼仰
εȻûʸȥֻһ˴죬·λãҶȣͷڳʮͷݶˡ
̫ˣȻʮˣĶϹŶʵﵽ˰߶ȣԽּ
Ҷϸϸһ㣬ʮͷУȻʮ
ʮ񰡣һδ룬֪жٵİ١
мǰеߣ׷ħ桢滨š߾Ͳ˵ˣˣҶͨӦӦһ£͸оʱԷӦ
ˣΪˡĸԭаͳ
һ̵ĵҶҲˣһˣȻƣȥȣ࣬һԣŴʡ
ʮо𣬶ǰУΪΪֲĴڡ
ǰ׵硣
˿ȥһ̣Ѯˣ濴һɫĸ滨ŵЩϵʵ滨Ų࣬ԭаҲ򵥣ͬаĶҪһЩڵͳ
Ҷڣֻԣƺ򵥵ĴڣǵˣҲǲĸʵӹɣֻҶȸоھԭаͳϣϢ


1540 ʮ
ƺھԭаͳϣҶȵϢ
ԭаδжаһϢʮ˽ľٶ
ڵͳҶ򿴵֣ͬϢ
˵ʲôͳ
ͳȻڵ磬ǧ˼
˴ҶȾãɽ磬û˿ƿ
ǵͳȻſڴƻƣҳΪһİ񣬴˶ʲôֶΡ
ʮͷһˣ߶ˣ
ϧ߾ҶЩΣȴţһͷˣδ¼ʼ
ãмͷ
˷ˡһ̣Ҳˡ
̫ƻ
żʱʮĸվĿУ⼸Ƕûȥ⣬Ŀⶼͣٱˡ
λˣһۣ棬΢΢˫֣ڳ֮£׾ϣӢˣȴµĲɣȥǵˣҪ༸ֲɣ֮ɫ
䣬̫ƻ
ɴۡˣͬʱڵߣȴ˹ڳٵİ̤ʱ䶼Ҫࡣ
ɴڵʱڣǸôӢ緢Ѫһ˵Ϊ࣬һֱȥֱڣ෴ˣɴΪĿꡣ
Ϊɽ磬ֻɴһˣɱ칬дһ׳بŴ档
ͳ߳һһȭ̫ƻδڵΪɵʣԦ˰ɣ
ͳΪҲܿ죬áϱ̫ƻͳ΢΢ףĿ߾ϣһ꣺߾֣ꡭ֪ɴۺһɱ칬˵лᣬʱѹ칬ǵ棡
߾񣬶̫ƻôƽˮ˵һ䣺Ҳָף䡭Ҳ߽ܶ꣬߾𣬱ѹڳͷ֮磬ǧ˰ɣ
ָס̫ƻɫ룬Ȼֿһ񣺡ˣˡĸԭа滨šдδģ׷ħ桢þԼٵİѣ꣬ɽû۵Ļᣡ
һЩŽİ̫ƻУûдڶã෴ǰ׷ħ桢þȵȲԪİ࿴ۡ
ǰ룡
һˣͿ̫ƻǰһλ£һλãһֱš
Ҳһ̫ƻһǿľͷµġ
ؽ౦ǰ
̫ƻеĿ⣬ϾɴǰĴڣԪУеľͷ
ȻŴ򿪣һ⴫
ؽ౦ۣˣ
ĺȻһվ
ҶҲһֱע̫ƻڣ֮񲻶ȣؽ౦ۣˣɽ磬һʦҪһˣ
Ƶҩɽ磬С
ŵŴ򿪣˽ǰߣȻһģ΢΢ˣ磬һīۣһ«Ϣһ˿ҲûУһ˫С۾۾ȻСĿ⣬ȴʮֵ
ؽ౦ۣ
ڳľͷ󲿷ֶڵһʱ䣬ؽ౦۴к
Ͼɽһʦʦٵľͷκˣؽ౦۴򿪹ϵûԸ
ؽ౦ۡҶҲؽ౦ݣֻò̫ͨˣ㣬Ψһ˼סģǷ壬˫С۾Ҷȴ˾Щ⣺ҩɾ
Ƿҩɾڵаӻмˣһͬ½Ĵڡ
аӣƺ³
ҩɾȻؽ౦һЩ𾪡
λöϤסҲвٵİףڳͷ֮꣬ӳҪúллˣ
ؽ౦۲ۣ䣬Ƕֱֻ࣬һˣ˵Ƶһǰÿͷʾ⣬ʶģǲʶġ
ؽ౦ۣˣ߾ϼͬʱվؽ౦۱ȭ
λֵܰڳͷ֮磬ǹѣ꣬һֱδףһҪ˹дңúúһ
ؽ౦۴ŷҩɾͷ˵һ󣬲һ£̫ƻʩ񣺡ǰ
̫ƻǰ֣Ƕ٣ڶΪ񣬶ѾΪɽҪæ
Ӧؽ౦ЦЦ
ʱҶһɨһͷǿߣɸ֮̾ǰʮѾʮˡڳĸˣɽӰ˿ɱȰ
Щͳһߣ칬֣칬Ҳмܲˡ
ʱڣλѾûж٣̫ƻǸλмĩβһЩƺﶼҪˡ
мﵽãһǰһδ䶯Ϊ̫ͨҶǲŽĴڡ
ģֻʣһλ
ʱˣڲ²⣬ǿλ˭ġ
˭̫ƻͬ߶ȣ
ǰ
Ȼ΢΢һĺޱ𾴣ӵ
ʲô

ǾͷǰͳͳسԾ⣬в٣𺳡
λõþһЦһԪС˴ӣ
˵׷ħҲмƳ
Ȼ
Ҷһ£ȻԪڣɽĳߣ
̫ˣ룬Ҳ˵ͨ˹ؽôִڣɵĴȻġ
׷ħ桢þһЩİǺǣ鹫٣Կþôжǿ޷󣡡Ҷ۾ڴУһۣʱ޷졣
Ӱÿһÿһ񡢾ͷϢһ֣ǲϵľ̾
ϢΪα޷ӦһӦϢҡҡͷŵ̾
ԭаŵǿҵʱɲⰡ
û뵽Ǹţ̫ƻЦݵİ׷ħ棬Ҳһ̣ס˺
ɫӰ
¶һţʮ˵ˣȴҲֵ꣬һԵͷоŹεĳ΢΢ظնƣĻƵģʱԷ
ϣһЩɫƬ·ʱʱ˸󣬳ϣҲɫӰζһ˫Ũüµ۾ǰƶڳʮһɽҲһδ˿ɫı䡣
еߣġ
㲻ͷϢͨˣվҲһ䡣
һһԣֻӯ˴ÿͷмĴ

ɵ磬Ѿʧܳʱ䣬޵е
ͥŲ׷ħʵķħþȹϵİ񣬶٣ʼˡ


1541 ˹
ؽ౦ۺȻվɱգȭȽȽЦû뵽ٵˣѽ
ؽ౦ۣδ㻹ؽ౦ۣ΢΢죬¶Ц⡣

滨šĸԭа׷ʩ
Щˣ٣йʵģУţļɵ
ˣٻŵ⣬Ҳδǣǵһǰλ£̫ƻȭˣ
ǿˣ̫ƻǳܾǰˣԼӣǰġ
ȻκϢҶ޷ӦŴˣоŴһһǾ
ҶڰңûаҲץס˻ᣬ޷̫ƻĴڡ
ʮ񣬴ڴ֮УεȻ˵䣬μ穣ٶЩ΢ζ
ྴҩζ˶ܸӦ
Ǻǣл˷
Ȼ䣬֮ϵıϣһŽɫĹâϵ֣һ㣬𽥵ͷš
̫ƻɫȭĻӦõģ
ԶԶԣ
Ӧ
ʣˣ˹
ɫʧһѮߣһۣڱ֮ϣĳһЩ׷һЩüܲ۽ǡ
˹ɵеĴ棡
а񣬾ͷڱϣͬʱ˹ȭ
λѣˣλ౼ڴˣл˹ֳһͶ㣬Ǵ֮硢֮ϣ׻ʵۣǰ秵ġ
ͷǶ׷׿˹
˹һɨˣÿˣǰҵ꣬ŻѪɵġϧûãʧڳ֮УϷ򡭡Ҷˣؽ౦ۡ߾ϼˣѹڳͷ֮磬֮áӣһСˣ´ͷ֮磬ͷ֪£ָܻɡؽϷһֱ룡
ضᳯչȥġ߾˵һ䡣
˹Ȼʵ߾ֺ֣ʱؽˣ
ѾˣҪؽǰףҲҲڶǰĴڣ
ɴۡ
˹Щ⣬ͣƬ̣˵λħаѣܼ֤ң
˵⻰ͼˣ
̫ƻ˵ˣһɨ·ˣνһپ٣ƱǶ칬һηҲΪ칬ģЩ꣬λܿܿɣĸ칬ɫˣʵҲΪԼ뽨Ҳܱ칬ٴƻ
˵ĺãͷ޳ɡ
ԭаʵ̫ƻ˼Īǵ칬ں海Ĺ
ʮߣʲôֱӾ칬µĺ֣µҲɽ磬˰ɣ
ԣ๫δһ£ؽ౦ͬ
ã
˹ϷͻȻŭһ֮ϣһ֣һˣűīԱ߶£ձ׼š
ǸˮʯҴĳӣǶ޽֮ƯˣϷ򣬼ϧأ
˹ؿˣȥʵ¼Ҵ긲ʼٸߣ칬꣬칬ִߣΪ͵ģ֪ǿУв칬ΪǵĹߣΪȥ棬ھͨһ֮ҵĳΪ๤㵱ίܾ칬˼ôȥ֪ӴԺ칬ΣֱӶ´칬ּ֮ͻȻ칬ִߣϢ٣칬ʩչ󷨣չͻϮ񣬱Ե޹նɱһʬҰϷգҲѹڳͷ֮磡գؽΪȥԩ꣬๫֮ڣϣΪ֤칬Ŀң칬óͷ֮磬ζԸˡĥˣĥ࡭
ţ˹ڳͷ֮磬칬ִߵĴֶΣһһɽ˲ϼ¼š
ڣͷǶĬˣҲݣЩˣ֪࣬ҥڣӴ˹ôһͷеʵ࣬ڸˮ档
ѵɽ֣ϾҪʼıˣ
Ԫ֮еҶȣͻȻһͷ
ͷ֮¼֮ɽҥ෴ûˣûһͷȨߣվ鹫
ڣ˹վ˳Ҫ
ؼ࣬ϳͷ֮࣬¼ϾҪӴ˹йȥɽ磬Ҫ𾪣Ҫ𶯡
ôɽ֡ƾҪʼ仯ˡ
ͻȻԤУ֪Ҷȶ֣ð亹ζ
ֶҪ޽֮ؽ̫Ҵ½ҲҪǸֱˣûʲôħа֣еģֻǿΪʵΪ죬˭ֶΣʵͿɽУ绽ꡣ
һ䣬ɽҲ׽붯սʱκιأͬ裬ʱǰ׷ħ桢þԭаЩͷ£ڰʱ
νӢۣǾһѪȷ磡
ˣ
֮ϣ˹ͻȻóһӡ£дһƬķּϣذ¡
ಣ
ˣʩչֳͨݣΪһ⣬ɳ˴
Ӧ¶칬УˣȺ֮ͳͻȻ˵ˡ
һ˵˶ΪʵףȻ﹫̫ƻǿ󣬵˶Сӵͳ
ƵһҲ޷ѡ칬һΣеڶΡҵΪĳǣ
˹ű׳ϢÿͷؽλϷľģû칬׿ľģᣬȻβ𣬾칬£
ʵҲϣԸ칬˵ˡ
칬ȻšҷˣȻȲÿֵܣᷴ칬һֱȥ
ʱ˿̣εȻץסᣬƺһֱڵȴᣬͷǰվ˱ȭ˵
ˣҲһֱȥһپͷ˵
Ҳĸܾδ߶λѣݣˣȥʶûлᡭ칬ΪػߣȻŽ취ΪԼƷ칬ҳϣ˵ϣǵУĸվ˵
ŵͷţĸ˵칬˵Ҳûа취Ѱͨİ취һֱץˣھ桭УȻнİ취Ҫõ취ͱǹ£ΪߣǲϣϣǷ𣬹ģ
ôң͵ģ֤û뵽£ǵ뷨ͳһ칬Ȼ׳󣬳ΪǵжΪд׼Ȼ
˹Ϸ˵˼Ȼ¶ϣЦݡ


1542 ͬˣ
и顭
Ȼ䣬þվÿͷȭ£ҹְ칬Уһһ¶֪£ɽľ棬Ὺʼı䣬칬ǾᣬŹģѵôԹۣ
ǰΣӣһֱδ˵İ׷ħ棬̾һ䡣
Ҫ
˭˿ˣǴ˹ƺǣ̾¾֮ǰЩѹڳͷ֮ꡭ֪칬ֶΣһ֮ʲôܵȥɴۣˣ޷ˣ䣬УҲ
þĻδ˵ɣԭаͻȻþɻ
ͷҲþ
ҵĽ飬λԿ칬һǱһ棬ҲҪΪԼ룬ݣ칬Ψһհ취Ĵڣǰ칬Ƶһӣûлᣬ̤磡
ǵĿꡭȻͬ
̫ƻΪУǿߣҲ¶һ꣺ĸλвͬѡĿҲһ뿪ɽ磬ΪȥĿ뷨һµģЩ꣬Ҳڹţĳһݵʱգһ֮أȻͨȥ硭ϧô꣬һֱδҵ
ҲһȻʮ־޴󣬵Ҫڷ֮УҵһͨɵǴ룡
滨Ž˵ɫأ磬գϣһֱҲ취ȥ磬ôҶֻУɽܳΪԪڣ˼ԪĩڣνΪӰǶڼԪ֮Сйͥı£ܻ׷ħ桢þϸԪ֮Уܽңȥ¸ԪǹȻǷյģȻǿϣ
꣬һֱδɽʵҶͨԼķʽѰͨķ׿˽ᣬ칬ȻǵĹУ칬Ը⣬ܸǣԶᣬȻǾҪȥã칬ɽ磬ͨΪ˱ݻĴڣأ
һϣҲ¸ԪȻ·
Щɽж󣿾ɽ磬޽֮أɽ磬з磬޷ȥ磬Ȼ粢һ磬˭Ը⣬ȥΪһ󣿡
Ҿþ鲻ǹڴ칬˽ֻһͬģǴ칬ҵϣԿף֮ţ
Ҳͬ⡭
Ҳиʱ䣬ɽˣϾҪ֪칬Ŀ¡칬ѹ
һˣ
ӵˡԭаͳ滨ŵˣһһԼ뷨
ÿͷƶʮͬþ顣
ʼգһˣһֱδԣǾƺģƺûʲô뷨ֻǵͬΪı
һʱ䣬ÿͷϸϸĬǷ
߾Ȼ˵硣Ȼͬþ飬ǵýһͬˣ֮ͬУˣΪͷһɢɳֻͨϣѡһߣ칬⣬ţϣƷ칬޷Ʒ칬Ҳѹǣ
߾𡭡Ҳ޳γһӪ
ԪеҶȣЩ⡣
߾ˣ˻ڣΪͬ⣿
˾һʧܣ߾֪һңһǿߣͨҲ޷칬ôͷһͬԸ칬⣬߾뷨ҲϳˣκˣƷ칬
һҶȵ߾뷨
һɨڳÿһͷĸӵУԿ칬Ŀܣ
̫ƻ

ǰ׷ħ
ûпܣҶȲţɽ磬һˣƷ칬ɽ죬Ͳӣͥ칬ֻᵮһ޴
ӸʵܲпᣬֻϣȺ֮Ʒ칬еĳƵ
Ȼܣνˮۣܸۣϣϣ
ʱ˿̣ҶҲŪף½ʵǾͷ棬һΪԸ칬ġ
Ȼ䣬ϷĴ˹ÿ˶ʱ·ͷϼԹͥ޽֮УвٵĹͥǿߣǿɷۼֻǣԽͥ˵ۣͥһͬԿ칬
ϼƴ˼ҲΪϸ壺ѣͥܣ֮ˣ޽֮أһЩ˸֣ϣģ
ͥ
þͻȻЦͥʲôɫﶼɽ磬ɱٿɽ罻ᣬ˵𣿶ô꣬ʲôʱΪʲô칬ٶУ˵˾乫𣿡
ͥһȺͷڹ꣡׷ħͻȻЦˣɭɭЦΪħڵǿߣԹͥһҪ˽⣬ϼλ뿪ͥȻ֪ͥɵʲôİɣ
ͥôҲǵļҡȻԣҲʲô£˫ۡ
̫ͥңԶˣǻ̸̸ͬˣԭаȻһɨͷųоͷ
ţ
˹ͷΣ칬ݣ֮칬ĿϷ֪£ķᵮͷǣһһ֣ϣʱˣ߳Կ칬
ͬˣ̫ͻȻȿһʱ䣬ĸվһ顣
ã
Ȼ飬˶ͷ޳ɡ
λͺúϢ칬Ҫһλ½ô˰ɣ˹̻֣๬Ů߳ʼһͷ뿪ԼҲ뿪
ͷۻᣬʱ˽
Ҷ˵ģش
ǳڣ
û뵽칬Ȼ˱ɣĺĴڣ
ɲǰϴγͷ֮¼ͱ칬ǿѹƣ෴Ҳɴ˹԰䲼ּ֪࣡
Ӵ˭ҵ칬һҪնɱ˲ҪҪץھ๤
칬ɥĲ񰡣

ǽֵǳǽţԴķּ½ˣûʮҲ򣬶˲ϵؽּ䲼У캧ˡ
˶ۣ칬Ϊʸ֮ģ˿ʷĶ
ЧӦȻˣ
һҹϵεľƵ귿ڡ
Ҷȡľ쳡ѩӡ۳ƹӣһʳֵƵڣ˶̾Ϣ
ľ쳿˵ܾ½¼ʲô·Ȼ˹ǰȻ칬ĶУܹ֮ڣ£ɽҪˣϴ¼Ҫң
ϧǲȥʹЩͷʲô뷨۳ƹӽҡҡͷһƾơ
ģǹܲˣˣǼö⼸ǵǵõٺö
һתҶȲѹ֣ʵԼӰһͬϤʹһУ飬κ˶ѹ֣޷


1543 ذӰ
ʹ֮У
һԷڣʮ꿡ܣٵۣһǿߣڹڣһУЩͷ
ʱһУ֣ȥ
λ¼ЩԸֵ֮ܺúóһӢٵվȭ֮󣬶Է빬
빬ͼþ롣

ٵþʩȻһ䣬ƺ
ţþһ⣬֡
Աλʾ⣬ضٵ۵Ǿ
ٵ۾ȻκλҲû˵ȻȻþԱߣƽƽʵڲһһ֣ӵеĴ
þǾξͷۻᣬ˹ڣʮͷƶͬ⽨ͬˣ
ٵۺȻǳഺˣ˻ޱȵĿ뺣󣺡̫ƻˡĸԭаͳ׷ħ桢滨š߾ȵȡĸǳصģݺľͷȻֻôһЩˣʮǿЩСɶǰ޽֮أҲһѣЩ˾ۼһӰԺκ
Ҿ;̫ƻ׷ħ桢ͳĸ滨š߾Ϊǿ󡭡Ϊ޷͸ǣþһ˿˵
©һˣ
˭
㻹˭޷͸ģ
˭ŶˣǾ˵ɣҲԣһϢҲ޷ֻһ̤η壬ƣ壬屾ͳԽ࣬׷ħ棬Զˣ
׷ħȷҪսʤҲҪȫУϸԪݺħݺɽ磬ͷʵѴﵽ߷壬ֻ̫ƻԳԽ̫ƻԪ֮Ĵڣÿ˶νġ
ѵ𣿡þһٵ˻Ƶ˫ۣǻϵȼա
ϹţѵһŽ
ٵֻĿ΢΢һƺͿþ뷨ֻ֮ˣ֪
þ֪ȥҲǶ࣬㻻˸⣬ͻȻɭɭʵ֮С׻˭ǡǡˣ
ǺǣɷģһУƿţڰʼһʮ֮У׷ħ桢ЩаˣùƻõģȥӴǣ֮䣬Ĵ٣ʵ˵ʲôͬˣһγɣ˶ΪĸΪʮ䣿
ˣȥ
þһ㰴Ͳסһ֣ʧǰٵۻָƣһͬ뿪
ûã
һĹԷ֮У
ֻһ̾ţǾԭа
ˡ
еľԭаͻȻۣķɫǽڣȻ䣬һˣֳ
аΣҵİԭ֮ӦÿıԴɣ˲ɣЦ
ԭаߣȻͬʱ£ԭ½һʱգһͿƿرԴ֮ȻںϱԴ֮󣬿Ϊҵ磬Ϊ֮ʱɽ磬¾ߣ޷κңȻЩöлǾ
ȻΪ£ʲôôԵõ׵ġЦЦ
Ǿξۻᣬһʲôüƻ
ҵļƻĿģҲ֪ѾǵȦ֮УҪģǳʧȥģȵᵽһ̣ȻҪʧȥģҪ뾡취ҡˣѡͬˣǶ뷨ջǱ棿´ξۻᣬѡãڣʮ˭пܳΪͳʮˣ
һͳаǾֻ̫ƻ˹׷ħ桢߾Щɡ
Ǻǣˣ£вԸ⵱ʵ۵𣿡
Ǿ˼ǡÿ˶Ϊ
ü⣬ԭаȻԶڵһλģ̫ƻΪʲôΪ˷ȴΪеߣ׷ħˣϸԪʹħڣΪʲô𣿲һͳħڣһѡǿļ񣬱Ȼǵߣ񣬾ǰìܣɿԼһ
һܰɣǰΪ֮£ˣ
ЩԻǵİ취ǷɾˣҲǼƻһ֣󡭡˴󳹴ģȥɣھȥһЩ񡭡
˵꣬վһ̤֮С
ͣ
ԭаȭգֱӰʧɿ飺û뵽ҾԭаһҲлᣬ̫ƻ׷ħڽ¡

λֵܡͷ֮磬ˣһꡭ£λ˿Ҫȣ
ʹ԰ͷ֮ͤС
߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ۡһϹŶһ
ʱɴ˹ٱ˺Ⱦоơ
ؽ౦۷¾ƱĴͷ꣬³һ̾꣬Ϊҽ칬ΪЩ๤ūƼĵҩҵܾû뵽ͱ칬ѹڳͷ֮硭
ϼؽ౦ⷬһҡҡͷ˼ͷؽ౦ۣɽһʦ칬Ȼ㡭뿪֮ͥ칬ǼǣǣѹͥܣͥĽܣͳͳǣȻԸ⣬ȻҲԹͥһЩ˵ǣͥϾǵļңû뵽Ҳ׷ɱӶѹꣿ
˹칬һֱ̲ͥϧͥǿҲ칬Ƕλ򱻼У
ÿˣԭ򣬱칬ѹò׽߾𣬻ᶦ칬ɱҲ㲢ս߾Ʊ˹
ϼҲٱǰҲǣ޷ˣԿ칬
ꡭִܾĥڶȻҪģˣͬͷ֮磬֮ǰЩͷˣӦ֦ͬ˺ҲԿ칬١Ҫסؽ౦Ҳٱ
лλֵܡкܶ໰˵
˹ͻȻеľƱ΢΢Ļζξƴʳ޷ѹƣܶ໰ܶ໰Ҫ˵ǲ֪Ӻ˵λֵܣ֮͸ˣԺ£Ϳɣ
²ᣬӦǰǵ£Ҫ칬ҵͨܣ߾Ĵ˹
ȣ
ͷͬʱѪƵĸһơ
ллλֵܣ
ձ˸ŵε⣬˹ͻȻۿʪΰĴ棬Ȼһ̣֪ΪΣͨˣЩ޷ѹ顣
飬Ƕ⣬𣬴䣬ֵܣĻ䡭ȻܻصȥǾҪ֣δΪߣһο塭칬ݣһҪƷΪǣҲΪɽδ߾ÿˡ


1544 ֮
գת˲
ɱҪŹƶСӣȻֶǸҶȵСӣһͬҵֵܡ
ʹ·֮ϣһˣȻڶš
ֻɷɷħȵħ֣ɱƶȵа֣һһңγɶԳ֡
ɷָŹƶɱڷڡ
Ǵɱȥ
ƶɵضǰһħ֣ףӵɷɷͶ׷ħһ֮ĳޣͲѹ
ɷ㻹б£
ƶȻɵҲǺǵӲֶֹ֣֮Ƕ˶ԸǣԸҶȣأҶȲһ٣Ǿһδʧܣб£ҲΪֹӱҪɱҶʵ㣬ıҲһɽΪܻΣ֣ҪΪͶ׷ħ棬۸ڶĿˣԸ޵У
ƶ鲻ô⣬ɱΪ˸۵ģɷһҲʮ𾪣ҲЩףΪҶȸҵˡ
ɽúú˼⡣
ɷ̤٣һ죬һԣýͷն£׷ħҲ޷ס㣡
ߣǴ£
ɱƳһ۵ɷɷĹƶа֣򹬵ȥ
ɷǧĪ⣬׷ħУΪǿĴڣֻ̫ƻƥУˣͶĶħ֣ʰǡˣߣ
ħȰȰɷҲ֮ȥ
ʹڣ
ʮʮپͷۼڹһһ£ǰپͷεȻں󷽱
λ⼸ϢĲ
˹һ⣬ڱ֮ϣȭ
Ϸ˹һƽۣȥޱȣɨˣһһͶȥ⣺ǾͿżɽϴλ⣬ͬˣ
һȥúͬˣȷţ෽Ҫ̶ȻҪһ㣬˭˵£Ϊ˵䣡
Ȼ׷ħ㷢֮
ѡ˹
飬ѡȻ֮УǣһΪͬˣǰԼһͳһ𣿡ĸţʣڳÿˡ
ڴȻǾۼڴòڷнؽһ֪˷Ѷٵľ
˵˵ȥƺͬ⽨ͬˣôҪġѡˣΪ䣬˵ԭаվְѻ⣬ԭ㡣
ʱܶ񣬶ڳĬ·пѿ
þͻȻҾ˴˹̫ƻ׷ħˣԵ֮𣬴Ҷ֪̫ƻһֱ칬ɵ׷ħ棬ϸԪݺ޵еڲʲôħҰ׷ħħλΣ
ˣȻﶯĳ䣬˶λߣ߾𣺡߾ҲԶλ˭ܱȵˣǴ˹Ҳܰɣˣѡ߾ô޽֮ٵǿ߼ˣ
˵Ӱ㵹Ƿ߾Īͬˡ
鿴ƾôһֱȥˡ
ʱλԳħԪҶһֱעһһ̫ƻÿǿߣһξۻᣬڡͬӦûὨ
ͬ䣬ʮ֮УȻᵮһ޵е䣬һͬ˽ɣ飬ɽ
Ӧòдˡ
½֮УͲˡɽ֣ͻڲÿʼı䣬ֶ졢̫Ҵ½ӭ޴ս
Ҷ𽥵ʧȥģΪһж˶֡
Ӧþ˳ˮۣѡ䣬ͬ˵½ᵮΪɽ
ڣԼĽ飬Щš
ʱڱ֮ϵĴ˹ֳϣ˽ƣӢۣ˵˵ġʵ뷨ΪģվΪˣҾ˳ѡȻ˵ﻰҲΪ䣬ܵһƽģϿɵĽ
㡭
˻һ˶㵡
˹ϣΪģȴҪ˳Ȼһܣػ̹
νߣ߾֮
һɳƯڰգɱһ֣Щ⣬ƯϿգˣҶȻ˹ʵҲ˭ѹģ
һԣ
ͻȻһں󷽵İ񣬷˳һˡ
鶴˼ɣҪ˵۸ˣ֮һУ޷չǽ֣Լͨͷ֮ͨ˭ƽ⣬˭ʤİͷųӡ
ã
鶴ҲǸ񣬶Ҳװž޴ģΪ̼䣬ȶַ֣ʼӡһɹ΢ԣ˫һ֣һԽٿȻȥ
˶ˣ鶴˵͹һеǵĸ֡
˹һλģ޽֮ʴɣӲޱȣֻҪȫͲ£
ʵɣ
ֱӻӶȭͷһɹԣȭͷ֮ϣȻԣ鶴Ҫ١
أ
Խʱһ
ȻͻȻתٴδһΣֻһȭѸײڶ֮ƣݺڽ֮ϣ½ʧȥ˴󲿷ֹ
ȻֻǼ鶴ˡ

鶴ôԸ⣬֣֮ٴδ߶½񽣣һͷŹâûʮϯ
ƺĲ
Ȼ˫ȭֱһȭȥβ𿪣ֱ飬һһϡ
ۡ
һѪ鶴ȻһϢʧһ۶Ծȥ
ȻǶ˹ϷΪкá
һԣ
Ȼþһɶ
þʵȻϸԪǿߣʵ治ô㡭Ŀ⣬Ȼ粻ƺþʲôĻ˵ȴ޷˵ڡ
Լ˵ģ߾֮ͨһأҲ޻˵ֻΪԼиˣ֮ˣ֮ܵλ
Ǿɣ
֮𣡡
þȻһ̤ռһ󣬴Ŀն˫֮Уֱһͨɻ׵
þȻںһ𣬵ԣǲңҵ֮ϣ𣿡
β鶴һþҪó԰
ֱʱͷκιҲûС
֨֨
̰ȼ
ǰ񡭡ʩչ𰡣ЩȥһУͱճ촷ˣ
·ͷ󷽵Ķٸ֣̲ס̾Ϣˡ
ǰҺǲǰĵˣˣ̾ϢεȻɫҲˣڰǰȻԵð࣬Ҳϸֽ֣ϾǶţΪ䣬лᣬǾͻ鶴̳ȥ


1545 ׷ħ涷̫ƻ
ͣ
߿Уþͷ𣬰Ŷȥ޵У޷ջ
ԡںԵĸ߶ȣԽþһֱȥҲԲ
ԪеҶȣ£֣ټģش칬죬ҶȻǵڶμ
ȻһΣĽֻ֣Ƕˣǽ֣Ҫڰ¡
˺֮⣡
ͻȻһĻˡ
þȫ߶𣬹ʱȻΨһۣ΢΢һһɼٵĹâ
꣡
âþڵ֮Уֻ˲䣬ʼѺۣѺۣþ塣
ۣ
ͬþҲãһѪȻãǻһѪģҹ֮ڣȫѪҺ
ʰ·磡
þôע£òʵԵñ鶴ȣȭ·֮ϡ
ҵͳҪһԣ
ţһӣһֱ˵ĵͳһֱɫ١
ǣԭһͿ֮λ
ͳǰɫͳȥԸҲŵͳţޱȡ
аְɣͳֱӵ̯˫֣ʾ֡
ȥ
գ֮䣬ͺһɿƣУֱһɾ޴󣬴Եâͳ
ʱ˿̣󲿷ˣעͳΪ̫أû˾֪ʵ
֮
ͳˣ˫һ֣һɿаУֱ֣ķ籩ѹȥ
˻˻
룬ײһ𣬻ײȣǣ籩ʱ籩һεͨ˴󲿷ֵȲ籩ͳǰʱѱʧ
ʲôͨ
һʱ䣬ˣͳȻܰѶԷ󲿷֣գ֮䣬ͨδŰ
ǺܲһȻߵľޣҲΪУ̺ͨĥ
ԪҶȣͨڵź˽⣬ԣһ۾ʹţͳͨ
Ȼһİ
˺֮⣡
Щٰ񣬶δעȻһŭǵۣ΢΢һһ˺֮⣬
ȷͨպÿƲ˵Ҳһ
ɲǼ䣬˺֮ͳǰһѹһ֮˺֮⣬ڵײһ𣬽Ȼһġ
˺֮⿴ƿ£Ǳ˲ʣµոͳԶ÷顣
ߡ
ͳúý֣ɲò˴֣һȣ뿪˸߿գص֮ϡ
û뵽ô࡭
˿̣ˣһ߿ա
ˣΪʱ䣬ҳҲҵĳĪҲһͳˣһ㵡
ӣ֪ʲôʱϣһ㹳ĹȣЦǺǶŵͳϷǸˣʲôֻǶͨʮָȤһˣ
ãҪСˣɣͳҲˣȻʮֿʩ
카
֮󣬺Ȼ֣е㹳ȣͻȻһ㹳Ƶ·ֱͳ㹳ƺҪѵͳ͸ţ˲乴
ˣ񣬿һЩ񣬷׷֮̾ϵĴ˹һֱڵͷ
̫ƻֻ΢΢עϷδ˵ʲô

һУ㹳׺ݹʱͳȫΪһУ㹳Уһ˫֣ʼ㹳֮ϡ
֨֨
Ե㹳Ƭ̾Ȼʧȥ˷â
ţҵ֮ͨȻжˣͳԭǿжϡչеͨʹֻһУˣͿƵͳֶΣ⾪
Ŷ
İһ
棬չеͨ⹥ǺεȵֶΣ붼벻
ñˣϷ㹻ˣһй󣬵˱ͥŲİڰ֣Źȣ뿪߿ա
һʱ䣬ͳԼǿͨ˶ˣ֮Уס
һħŰ׷ħ֣ڹڴû뵽ͳ
׷ħ棿ͳɫһƺû뵽ζ֣ǰ׷ħ棬ԷϸԪ޵ǿߡ
׷ħ浱ʲãİһɨͳħպãνһħһɣɣͳѹ㣡
ɲһˡͳЩŭȻ󵱿һռ䶼ƶˡ

Ϊ̫Щ
׷ħռ䣬ƶֱӾһĳޱߵħƶĿռϡ
¡
ֻһƣĵÿռ俪ʼҶԷĵͳ˺УһУ׷ħѹȥ
ͨʵศɵģʵңͨҲûãһ㳹ģ
׷ħУ֪ĥֱͨһ磬һۺħԣһסҿʼѹһɶУ׷ħ棬ܿѹƳȭͷСȻ
һɽһɽߣ
ǿɲϾ׷ħϸԪ޵еǿߣԪȻ޵еģͳ֣
ҡͷеֱ̹ԡ
ã׷ħ棬Ķ֣µȷħ˫ͳͬˣûмȥȭ֮Ծ뿪ˡ

£ﶼĬԣ׷ħ̫ǿˣ滨šĸ˶ˣƶ֮λһҲûȤ
ৣ
ˣͻȻĿ⣬ϣ߾̫ƻһֱּĬ
ڳͷУһһֻϣ˿Գ֣еİһ˼ûУھֻʣˡ
ûǱ桭䣬ҶҪҺ߿֮ϣ׷ħȻ졣
߾ȥһ԰
ЩȻϣħˣΪ䣬׷׿߾
߾ҶûаȤ
Ȼˡֻбȥһˣ
Ȼ䣬Ϸ֮һ̫ƻվ
̫ƻ׷ħüɫһٴУٿĿˣҲ֪̫ƻһ֡
ಣ
ڴ£˻һɶգڰ׷ħǰҲˣüž
ǾͲϻˣ
׷ħͻȻƮһʼΪֱֱУͻȻӳʮ֮һ𶯡
и֣ҿ۽磡
̫ƻһЦȻʳָڵһһԲȦͷų޽֮ǰĻɫâ
ʱˣ˹߿ա
ɵУ׷ħ̫ƻǾǿߡ̫ƻƺ׷ħ桭ͷΪ
ǰ΢΢ؿ߿գĿ⣬Ȼƺ֣δס


1546 䣡ж
ڣշ·סˣ

ĺȻ׷ħĳʮ֮ʼȻ̫ƻ·𳤷һ쫷߶߿նǰ׷Ӱ
ȥ
һɫݣƯ̫ƻָ⣬ָһƮѸʹһƬ׷
䣡
׷ݽӴɲǣͷըը׷𿪡
µôСһݣնɱκ٣һ޴ݡǿԻһƬʱգ̫ƻǾ
ԪҶŸ߿ճסˣָ֣شۡشۣѹ
û뵽ôǿ
׷𿪣׷ħ˺һ̫ƻһӰҲûУ׷ħżɵ̫ƻԪеĶ֣
ʵҲǿϧմħڵħ԰ӳʵδָ۷ɣǻָˣҲĶְɣ̫ƻδжٵ󣬷ʮ侲
׷ħ𣺡ǺǣȻ棬Ϲţ٣վڰ۷ǿ߽֣̫ƻ۷壬һЩ࣬ȫɵڻôվڼԪ۷ǿߣվ칬ǰѹ㣡
֪֮ģҲǱǿߣϧǴҲһս
û£һУֲźɣ
׷ħ˵꣬ٴδ߶׷һΣİ׷ִ࣬ʩչԼǿ
̫֮ƻɫ΢΢һ䡣
·񣬼׷ħĹסǶо׷ħ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ٿ
һһɴĻɫݣ˰׷
·ͳͻȻ󾪣̫ƻ̫֮ƻȻֶΣһʱգΪԼ磡
ǰ֮УܵõԭаĽʺޣԵĿУ˳
䡭
ٴײһ

׷ħ̫ƻ˺󼸲׷ħļư׷ͬʱӸ߿ձըУ¡
ʵץס׷ģЦЦ̫ƻȭ¡
׷ħ棬ˣԪİ
̫ƻδжϲɫóռ΢΢ƣף׷ħ಻һ׷ħָȫʢôǶ֣δܰ׷ħ棬ֻպץס
žž
ˣΪ˶ֽкá
ǿߣǵõأϿɵģ
λˣ
˹ˣ˰ûһˣȥ̫ƻ֣̫ͣƻ£ص֮ϡ
ţ̫ƻʵȷǿģԭаŴ˹˵꣬վ̫ƻȭʾϿɡ
ô˵Ҷ̫ͬƻ˹дſ϶һһɨÿˡ
û˷˵仰
ôˣ̫ƻ̶ϸڣͬ˽ʲô֣ǸԵĽɫλõȵȣ˹ӱˣű룬һųνӲӵĴ
ˣʵεȻ˵Ըͬˣ
ͷʼۼڳΧԳħʱԼԪҶԻ
ҶȵǸСҲڣεȻȻԸ⣬ʲôͬˣƣ󴬣ͬ⣬ǵÿͷ˽кӹ
˵ļǣ
ЩԸ⣬ЩͷʵҲԸ⣬滨ţһֱûξۻУʾԼǱۻǿܾҪ뿪֮ͬУ
Ƿͬڵİǿ滨ҲأҲ׵ʮɣ
ǰҪ뿪Դ˹ػȻǿ߾ǲͬˣֻǿ˹ϼؽ౦˵ӡͷͬˣﵽԼĿİˣ
Ҷһһԣȫ̼֤ͷۻ̣Ѱƣ߰˰ˡ
Σһͬ˳滨š߾ٲ־ͷμӣҲɽһӰֻһЩ񣬸ǿ߼룬ܿͻ죬ı֡
ôͷγͬˣȻΪ˷׷̤
ǵͬˣѡ֣ողĸ˵ġˡҾأ
Χͷڽţ滨ԼεȻľͷЩôƺֻǿ˹ӣ
һЩͷ׷׵ͷǲ
Ȼ̫ƻһͷǹͥжٰжǿߣһγɣܷͥȼ
ͥа񣬴ʮ˰ɣǿģͥۡţͷ񡭡ȻЩԸ⣬˵ڡ
ԭаЦĵʮ񣿺Ǻǣ̫ˣû뵽ͥ˾ͷҲ٣Ǻһγɣѹƹͥˣ
Ҫ̫磡
һЩͷٶЩ⣬ʱ˵Ļȴͷϣһˮ֮ͥУֻʮˣǣͥǿߣǰͥѣ˻վڹͥһ棬ǹͥΪͷԭ򡭡ߣ˭ͥ۽ֵģ

񡢾ͷǣʼ
ۣͥ԰ǿɵķﰡ
ҵͥ棬ȴһֱδֻ֣ɴ붫ڹͥڣǽ֡׷ħ棬أôã
̫ƻҡҡͷһ̾Ŀһڰ׷ħϡ
˶׷ħ档
׷ħʼ磬һЦֻţһֱδҴϸԪۻδǵֱѹħ԰
Ҳλ顭
ֿڵżɵۣͥκһ˵ʵҪǿʮ⻹Ǳعƣ̫ƻۣˣǰ׷ħָȫʢʱڣ˵ּܽغϣ
ЩŻ˰ɣ񣬺òţۣͥǿֵز
Żˣ֪ɣǰ׷ħȫʢʱڣ٣ϴȥֲͥõĴ󣬶޷ȥǾһƭ˵𣿡
𣡣
ԪУĴܡ
۵һ
ǲ˵Щˡ
˹ͻȻһ棬ˣҲѴ˻ˣͬˣͽˣ
ˣ˵ͷ
ȻˣǸúúʹһӴǱǺһӣþ˳˵
ղײգˣϾƣ
˹ÿˣޱȣҷӡϾƣǵȴ죡
ŵŵţ
ʮŮȶˣϾƱݸڳÿһˣȻɴ˹ٱΪ˺ˣΪ磡
ȣһ£ǾͷǿߣԳħɱɷڣȹ˱оơ
ҲһĻʿ緢
ˣҶһˣ
ͷʼص׼¡
ȻһЩٸ֣δ߳ϣȼһɹɽɫ棬Ȼһصء
ôˣ
һĻ̻ϤеĿʼʲôƳȽڵľơ


1547 ٱǾ
Ŷٲϵ£Ѿʶʲô
ãơղźȵľжжǶư
ΪΪļ֮һŶٿʼ£ҲԻ棬һơȫѹơ
˫֣ƺҪץסʲôϧһ£̱ڵϡ
ж
ŵأʹţ
̫ƻ׷ħ桢߾ϼؽ౦ۡˡĸԭаͳ滨šˣȻͬʱˢˢؿ˹
˹
վڳǰֶͫУӿָӵĿ⣬Ȼ˫һգƺһϤס
鶴ͻȻðԻ棬ǣڡⱬһǿϢʼʧʹһ
䣬̱ڵϣʹ౧ͷš
仯̫죬ͷʼϲ
߾һֵɿ
а߶ڣһɳȵůʼǴ߶ϵϯȻһɹԻ棬⡣
̫ƻ׷ħ涼⣡
̫ƻرΧΧһǿߣ޷ţǿĽȻܿ޷
ûõġ
ͻȻ񣬴֮˳
þԭаþСġٵۡ
ˣ޷ˣһΧţѹȫ޷߶
ʱ˿̣ڵµεȻ󷽣׳ԳħҲʹţԪڵҶȹͨ
Ҷˣһͷ£Ҳʧȥû뵽ͻȻ·ת˾˵ı仯
ͷŸӦԳħ𵤡
ɲǼ䣬ͼһ𣬰ΧŽ𵤣ͬʱ뾭֮УɣڵǱΧã޷߶һ˿
𡭡û˿ɵʣɽ磬ѵһ̺ľ綾ܶһ񡭡ұڣ÷̫һն𣬵ڡ
ҶԺУֻĸ֣Ϊ
ʱҶȲʲôǿǰվŵɻ󣺡ԭаþ˹ٵۣͷΪλ֣Ը񣿡
˹Ϊλ߾ڵϣ̫ƻ׷ħ桢ˣΪ࣬ȻԼʹһİ
ʱ߾ŭԴ˹޷ˣȻ˴˹İ֡
˹Уʪ̵ֲ߾ϼؽ౦ۡˣͬͷ֮磬ȷҰǣ֪ѣ
֪ѣϾԭаþȻھƱ¶ֱӵֶΣԴǣѣŭɶ
þӸ£Цɨˣ̫ƻ׷ħǿߣǵ£ж⣺ƽģȴ̺˼ĵطҲʤؼƣڷ磬ôõֶΣʵ֪˭ţɽ磬ȻʹУҶƣҲôǵŻᰵɹ
ؽ౦ȵþû¡˹һΪʲô㣬㣬㵱ѣ
֪һӵԸ޽֮أ۹һɽ磡
˹߳һʪĿ⣬Ϊ룬ϧϦͻ칬УһŻѪļ԰ҵĸ𣿴Ժʱ޿̣ţٽȻҪ޽֮صһ۹
ѾˡȴΪҪˣؽ౦ֲס
ΪֻҪ칬һ죬Ҿ޷Ը޷˹Ȼõͳ
ʱٵۣͻȻ߳Ŀ⣬ǰͨǱ
ô£ٵڷϢһʧˣ
ԪڵҶȣٵ̱ٵʱҶȷϢʮİʮޣҪǣûκηϢ
˹ڿ԰Щ֮ٵۿ˹ȻǰҪѹƴ˹
˹࣬Щʣλڳͷ֮磬ұ㡭Ͷ칬һУؽ½칬һּƻɵģΪġǰѵҪ칬ǿߣһ򾡣ҲҪץӳͷ֮ӳȥķߣ
칬
һͷﶼһƬ졣
ԭаҲͶ칬˹μƻλζܰɣþɭɭЦ˲
߾ü޷ţܡǴ˹
˹Σ
ٵһɨ߾䳰Ц칬֮£ǵ룿߾ϼؽ౦ۣΪͷ֮磬ӹ칬ģΣӳͷ֮磬칬ڿоһƻһԳץǣֿѹ칬ǿߣ˰ɣʱգǻһһα칬ѹ
ԭͷ֮¼֮칬ûʲô󶯾ȻоⳡıİһѹѰ׷ħ桢Щж칬ľͷҲһѹˡÿµ칬
һ̣Ҷף칬Ϊɽˡ
ԸôͷȻѴ֮һһ䣡
ⲻʵ޷ֶΣ칬ǿ
˹ʲôˣɽĿУӢۣ޽֮صһ۹ˣȻ칬ѹġ
ٵֿһͷҪѹ෴ߣж칬ˣͳͳҪѹһҲܲˣ
ߡ
鷳ˣҶѾӦķߣڻʹ֮ɳ֮УǶ֪˹ڣ˹ټǣһҲӲˣ
ôͷ֮磬ͷʲô׷
Һҵı֪һС칬ǵıóѵġһһУ֮ڣ
Ҷʱ׼ţһʹڱ棬ݣߣ뿪½һܣ֮ڡ
ǣ̱ڵϣȻʹ࣬סٵۣˣٵ۲һеıʲôˣôĿ
ʲôˣϹ˹ۣ֪
ٵۣͻȻһ֣һһˣȻһֱ֣һ긾Ů
棬仯գ˲Ϣˣ
һһֱڴ״̬
ͻȻڴʱڵ֪˭ˡ칬֮УвٹÿһǿĺܣһʵȺ칬λ֮ߣԽ๬ΪٱǾ
ٱǾһ
ٵۣǰٱǾֻûһ칬ۣһŶʮ꣬Ӣգ㻹ʮ㰡Ϊʵǿ칬޷Ը㣬ֻʱδʱһֻйµķݣ
ȷǰٱǾڹͥʱ칬Ĺй飬ٱǾӵйıͨ˿Կƣû뵽
һѪ


1548 ǿ
Щˣǧ㣬ӽ붯ʱգӦ칬ڣû뵽ɣ칬޷ֶΣѹǣǲȻУ˱ȱʵǿ󣬵ֶξֶΣһҲûõģ
ٱǾһôߵĴЦ
ƺһ񣬾һЦЦ
׷ħŭ壬ϧ޷߶ͳȥˣΪŴ˹벻칬Ĵ˹ȻͶ칬ΪǵĹӣ
ǰÿˣ֪Ǳ칬ѹ칬˹ӦǲݲŶԣ

ͷޣ칬
硭ѣδ֪
ԪеҶȣʱ˿̣֪һ࣬Ϊ¡
ԭ½Ȼáݣͷ߾𡢴˹ϼؽ౦ۼ棬£ߣһ칬ϾʱѾ죬ʵ
뽣ʱõѣ£ݣ죬ҶҲҪΪһӣ㲻ƿƣȻ޷ӹĴƿأ˹ԭаþǿ˹İٱǾ
ֻбĴѹķݣôǧͼҲ޷ӹǰ⹬нĽ磬ôᱻѹڳͷ֮磬Ǳնɱ
ڡ
칬ʮ񣬶δ뵽֮У̣Դ磬ҳᣬ˾ȳ칬ƻɽ硣
˿̣̫ƻԼһȴͿһʱ칬ĵ
ˡˡһ̵Ҫһ򾡡
һ룬ŭ˫ۣٱǾ˹֮£κεľ綾ǰ񣬶ûжôǺֶΰ
֮¡
ٱǾһǰֺЦȷɽ죬Ǻܴ󰡡ϧûУġ硯Ǻεȵ磿ʯԽɵ磬ȻҲ綾磬ǷµĶ磬ΪɢƶǶһֺܻĵҩΪ󣬿Ի⣬أܣ
̧ˣԸǡ䵽³Ҳԩ׷ħһЦ
λַͨʽ칬Կʵ칬ĸ󻼣ڿ˰ɣƾȺ߹Ը칬ɻԾĹҾҪǴͷ֮磬ĳͷ֮磬û˿©ϴαǸ˿ӣеڶΡȻ󡭡½ķߣ칬ΪеˣҪͳͳѹҹҹ๤ɣǷ칬Ĵۣ
еǰ취ԸЩ԰Ŵ˹ǵһ칬ˣ㡭ؽ౦ۣ
ٱǾһ˰ĿЦÿһ֣ÿһ仰֮˵һŭɶȴû˿취
ӡ
ţٱǾ㿪ʼӶ˫֣Ҫڳ˳ѹ
𰡡ÿжˣҶǰһĻʱѾˣٲֹôЩ񡭡Ҫͷ֮硣
Ҳ졣
һɷԲܾѹ׷ħ桢ħˣ˽𣬵ڴǰ޷ˡ
ɺ޵Ĵ˹
ĸ滨ŵˣĳˣǰٱǾǴ˹
ûд˹ûн죬˹塢޳ܵıھٶʵ
˹һ˫˫޲óĿ⣬̾Ϣλң칬ǿ֮У˼ʶᣬΪȴһӵԸɽ硭ҪԹң
Ҳڣ߾ϼؽ౦ˣΪ˹Ⱦƾۻʱһ̣ۿʪˡ
ɼѡɰ
ˣݺɽꡭû뵽һͬ
ͳͷİ
ˡ
ʱ˿̣ٱǾͷųһ㾪˵ķӡһͬʮ˵¡
ˣ˶
ಣ
ͻȻ֮УӪڣһΪһ޴ߣѸײڶ֮ƣʯ֮䣬ſ죬ݺݵҧڷӡ֮ϡ
ʲôٱǾһȻͻȻͷŵú˼

ԭаþ˹һɫӰȻƯߣ·ӡ
ɫӰ
ͷͬ˹Ƶģ޷š
̫ƻ׷ħ桢ˡĸ滨šȰ¶ϲ޷ŵĿ⣬ͳͳգ
λһһ󣬾򿪽磬Ŵ뿪δжɫһʯľͷڷϵ趯һɨǿߣ֮ͫУֻоİ
ǿǿף
ÿ񣬶չֵˣ̫ƻ׷ħҲˣԭǿģһ󱲡
֮ǰһȻ˵ϣϣ
̫ˣȻͨɢԻһΪ˱ȡʱ䣬ҵȰڲҵ߱𡭡
Ҷһû뵽ַͻ䡣
ٱǾûϢһڣһƳȻգ칬£㣬ȴȻ칬ΪУڹУŴ濹⣬ΪߣҲƣĴһˣĴĶ𣿡
ҵ棬໨Ŵۣ껹һ칬棬ûеǣԸǣȴ˿ԥǲõĽ磬Ȼǿ󣬵һлᣬ˺ģ
˵꣬򹬵Ͽա

ոշһɣֳʩչ
ҿǽֵǿ󣬻ǲõķӡ̡սɣ
ͻȻѾûȥ·ʱʲô֮սһͷͻȻ壬ٿȻûһʮɳ໨滹оſͷ­ֻһͷ­Ȼ˿
˼顭о̫źеľκħ޷սʤĴڣ
ΧʱԣֻͷͨȻ仯ˣΪ֮һ
һ̾Ϣš
ٻǾ˹ԭаþķΧסЦԭľŴһɢҾ;֣κˣ޷ԸɢôԣԭͰֶΣӡ˰˴
֪֮ģǿҲֻɽ磬һһˣٱǾˣʲô¾óɣñͷ궼δйˣնɱǣڴ
ͽΪ޵У
Բѣ
ԭаþϾҪƤ
ȥ
ɲһӿһ񽣣ֱӺţ

þԼİ׹˫֣ԭаóһŵһȻһս
ţоŴŴͷ­ÿһ壬ʵŴͿȾŴ񰡣


1549 ĴVS
칬֮ν壬ʵʹ˵ǵĿ
ֻһȻԭаþֲܣʵ̫ǿˣҲϽ֣ʼƺҪƵġ
칬ֵܣƴ󡭡
ٱǾ̧ͷһȣƺڹ֮⣬칬ִڰУʱ˹վһ
һ޽֮ؽ۹ĵһˡ
һ칬֮У쳣ǿһˡ
˹ңʧңҵ꣬ʶǸӢۣǸȻľˣѾˣ
ߴ֣һͷ­֮˫ͫǿµ䣬ޱ޼ʣµͷ̵໨ƬԳս޲ʤơ
飬ڴ˾ѣ
˹ͻȻһ˰㣬ֻĮƿʼһɴϢȻϢĹ
˹ϵˣǺ˹ȥõνһ˳ˮ˳磬ֻϧʱ칬Ϊ⣡
ҶȸӦ˹ƣòҲû˾˵ˡ
˿ռ䣡
˹ʵжǿ޽֮ؽ۹ΪһˣɲһֶζûеģӲƽӹ֮
ͻͻͻ
޴壬ڵĿռ䣬Ȼ˲䱻ͨļΣһһɿռݻ
ͨǴ˹
þԭаɿ˺δսʤһ۵
ڣ˹չ޵䣬Ѿʼѹ
ǡ޽֮شһ˵ʵ
ϧ˴˹ԭҵĺѣһͬվڶԿ칬Ӫǰ׹ˡʵȻǿ󣬵꣬ѹ㱻ڳͷ֮ȴԭ̤Ѿȫһˣ
ѾʮռļΣƣջѹ֮Уȴûжٵľš
˴ͷͬʱſ죬ͷ­һɿ¡תɫââһ̣ͬһۡ
̵ãа񣬶޷ۡ
䡭
ɫâ˴֪ǰ˴񣬻㼯ɵĹ
ǶôĿֲ𺳡

˹ʩչĿռôһ㣬ɫâֱըΪ촷ֿۣʼɻˡ
ǿ̫ǿˣȫʢʱڣܻҪǿһ֡վڰ۷壬ߣһˣɽһˣ
ͷϿսԿѪΪ޷߶ֻǿ޷ġ
׷ħһ̣Ƿ԰ʧˣ֤ǿѾСԪеǿߡ
ɶĸɢȥ
òˣڵǷˣЩǿߣʹ
˹˵ڶ˰ɣ
ٱǾƺδ̫ྪ㵣Ҳ֪߰˰ˣ񣺡жһʧġ칬ɳһˣԸ㶨һУû뵽˷ǷǷģһ޵и֣һԵҲѹ
̫ˣǾͷˣþƺûһƣǿסˡ
ٱǾ֣·ʣǵļƻڣǳɹģ˳ģѵˣ޷Ըһ𣿡
Ȼԣͬ
ͺãҪ־Լ磬ǺǿҲС˹ֹͨĹһչǾ鷳ˣס˿ʼ
ã
˹̷ɳһǰξҪȫ飬һοʼͷ˿ռ䣬Ҫɱռڡ
˿ռ䣬·ȵȡ
һΣٶܵһЩӰ죬Ҳһ飬Գһܶ˴һ񽣣һ˿񽣣ʼռ䣬ÿһռͿʼѡ
ǿǿĿֲ
ݣ
һʱ䣬ڴƿռ䣬һΣո֣ͻ˴¡
ԭ죡
Ա
ԭаһӡһɽ籾ԴΪһȭӡһ磬ƴ󹭣һȭȭԵĹâ
𣡡
˴Ŷߣжһע⵽Ա͵Ϯһѹȭӡ֮ϡ
䣡
ը𣬴һ𶯡
׹ӡ
һþҲʼ׼ᣬˡ
壬Ĺһֻֻô֣·ǿĹĹͷô֣ӿ򱻲ס
һ͵Ϯ̫ûа˰ɣ񣬼ԭаþ̳֣һչڴ
ȷǿ󣬼ȻʩչȫҲġ칬
һٱǾҲˡ
ʩչԼüĴȻһȭͷСĽ𹬡
칬
̫ˣ칬ģ칬һ޵칬֮ƿţ
һ칬ķ
칬һ֣İƺ칬Ϊ칬
̾칬ʸӵе칬ţ칬֮࡯ΪÿһƵⷨȻԽһںϣ֮
డ
һʱסˡ
û뵽ȺˣЩʶ
ٱǾƿ칬̯ƣ칬ģһƳ·칬ȷǹʸӵеķ칬ݵ칬һǶҪѹ
𣿰ٱǾ칬๬֣칬ô˵ģǰ޵У
ͻȻ༥
ߣҪΪʵǿ󣬳Խңվɵ۷壬칬֮һָֻ¾ܽɣ޷ܣٱǾӣòһ
𣿡
þԭа֣һ˹Ŀռ䣬ЦȷҲĶ֡磬칬ƿߣ磬ػ󰡣
ʲô󣿡
֪䣬֪⻹һ仰һͷԺУͬһʼչ
췭ظ
ɵģʵΰɣ

ٱǾͻȻɱޱȣδйֱ飬ץס칬֮£ֻм֪ϹݡݣʵǿҲ֪Ϲݣ
ǰûʸ񣬵磬ûв͸ǽʵλѣҲ뵽ɣֻǲϰˣ칬ѹٵǿߣ칬ûٱǾ֪Ļܶ࣬ϧ㣡
ֲã˵ֵսɴ۶߾𣬴ʱЩ㱼ס
ǻЩˣˣ󡭡ྐྵ֪ܣҲ˹Ȼģ½һ룬˹Ҳᣬ֪£Ҫ˹Ȼؽ
İʱҡҡͷ
󡭡󰡣ֲʥ磬˵оɵ˵󣬾ɣ
ݵģҶȡ


1550 ͷɱ
ӵʵҶȾԼڿԷſ֣һ
ŵ½¼ǿ̣ţʱ򣬰ݣɽУߣԸ칬
һ룬Ƕô棬ͷȫ˿ԶԿģ֮ǰǰȥˣ֣͡ķߡ
ҲˣΪͥһֱĶԿ칬Ϊжǿ󣬶ǽ
칬ƿص鱨ٰ㲻ܻųȥٱǾͻȻ֣е칬ವһ£
ȥ
һɫԣײ칬

Ժ칬˺һЩǲδݻ칬
칬ʼŰٱǾϽӡ𽥵رһɸߣȻɡɣ
ƵķٱǾԼʵУʲôһأ
Ȼ֪칬Ŀ£һͻȻͷ֣ӳ񽣣칬նȥ
ˡȥǿ϶ᱻһգݽ߶
ʲôǰ츱ش۷ȥΪǱϹָֻҪΪ칬Ϲһ
֮⣬ǧ칬ִߣˮ¶أΧסʹϴ߶ͽ빬֮С
ûƹͻڼ񣬽ֵ֮¡
ʱڶʱ֮⣬һƬС
ۣ֮ǰĵģȻȷģδ˹ؽһı
һӰֶƯգ·ʱա
칬Ĵ£ʲô鶼ĳ࡭ˡʵӡһҲܴƽ֣Щ뿪ɣֶ۾ֹˮ˵
ҲóһЩ񣬸˽칬ǵĵǸ֣ѵõǣҪ칬칬ץȥѹˣ˵Ҳһʧ
ٱǾʵҲСڴ˹˵ȷֶθͶ칬ϧһӢۣ
İɣԼûжΣգǶߣʱ䲻ˣ칬Ĺҿ¶ҪѹʱҪ֣һ֣칬Ĺϵ»ᱻ˸棡
ʱδǲᶯֵģôӡӣǱڰʲô仯һǵһʱԮ㣬һһˣ˶벻Ĵڣˣܽҵţҵϣܶϡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ㿪ʼۣһӰ
ֶһֱž޲ע·ƺ˫ͫԿĹÿһĻȻһ̾ͷĿ⣺ҶȡҴδоĸˣңӦķâڣֻ㡭Ҫʧٶɹ⼸ѹأôδģĽҸģԼ߳ģΪ䣬ֻ·ˣһâԶǰ·
֮У
ѹɣΣҲ칬Ķ֣
𹬣ڱþ޴󣬼ϷٱǾ˫ֺݺһѹ𹬾ѹȥ
ռ
˹ڴ˿̣ȫ칬һƬռǿĽסѹ
칬ȥ
޷Ը칬칬ѹң
ͻȻӶͷϣѳͷȻһſ죬һĿɫ⡣
¡
ɫ⣬˴˹Ŀռµ칬ײպð칬͵ڰգ޷
ɶ񡭡ɶʵô˱̬ǰΪǿ󣿡ٱǾһ칬ЩһѪ
ˣȥ칬֧ԮһĩգҪżȻռƣ
ǹԽսԽ£ǡʱ͹ľ
Ѿʼʹ̫ˣδڰ֮Уǿ󣬿ۣͥʵҲˣҶڰѿһУ֪𣬵ȴ𣬰·ɱ
ңҶȿóҪȳЩ񣬷޷Ŀġ
ƺ׼¼ΨһԽ͵ģȻΪ˹Ϊÿһͷ
ͷ칬ѹ
͡
Ȼ䣬ڹ֮⣬ǧִߣðŴ󺺣ʹӳֽ磬һȼյԣͻȻΧǡ
һִߣոշ֣ͻΪ˻档

ţ֮ڣһȼյĻ棬ʼϷ磬Ӷ
ôˣ
ս޷һʱоסһͷȴӦ֮Уһȵ
ţһɹɻ棬ʼӽ֮⣬͸
ǡٱǾһƽ𹬣ѹһӦ仯˹һͬ߿ա
棬Ѿȼգ
ŶϢסƺҲ⣬ʼЩɵΪ칬֧Ԯˣǿ֮ɻˡ
ٱǾͻȻһŭ㵵غ㣡Ҫʲô
ٱǾˣȻ߸ϣҪΪ㣬ȻǸ
ͻȻһӵŻȼգӽ֮⴫Ȼһ𶯣ͻȻһһӣǰ
ͷ㣡
һʱ䣬ϳ˵ģǰٱǾǴ˹߾ϼؽ౦ǿߡ
ԭλѽ
Ȼֳһ۵꣬ǳͷ
ڳͷ֮磬ѹǣɲҵĳԣ칬֮˼뿪칬Ƕ֪˰ɣͷȻôˡ
ͷʲôٱǾãԼ޷塣
ʲôЩִߣһСҵУʲôҳͷ칬һףҲһֱ칬ıϢţ͹һҡβϣ칬̤Ļᣡ
ԡԼģҪ칬Щ񣬶칬ҪĶ󣬶ҶԣҪȵѣٱǾΪʲô
ͷ˵˻ڣаͷ׷׶ϣ
ĺãͷסˣϰǴȥ칬Ȼɳ֧Ԯȥ֮󡭡λ½ˣǸϿ뿪Ҫٴλˣ˵
úãû⣬죡
ͷͻȻصһЦȻ󹬵ȼյĻ棬ֻĽ磬ʼʧҲ𽥻Ϊ˷档
а񡢾ͷ½֮¡
ٱǾ˵ͷ
ҿɲͷͻȻת·ľͷǣһ档
칬ʥӡ
ٱǾ˫һ֣һɽɫĹâͷײȥ
ɶ񡭡
칬ʥӡڳͷ˵ȻϤòʱӪȣһȻ칬ʥӡ
ƶˡͷȻˣһžͲҪˡԶհУҶȱѾֹԶԶʹ뷢ĽһĻ
һ˶ƣ˹ڳΪ
ĳ֣һ˿Ĵ
񣬳ͷ·ɱ¼ѾԽ׽ˡ


1551 ̫ʼ
ٱǾ㲻Ҫѹ𣿡
ʹȻһ޴Ľ磬ΧǳǷֿġ
ʱʹʧ粢δ
˵ĿռΣϵشս٣Ѻео˱塢Ѫ͡
˹þԭаǸҲסã֧Ԯˣʱ·
ٱǾͻȻ˵ȻƸոմȥ칬ʥӡģҪѹ֮ϵĽ𹬣ƿأԸͷ
ٱǾԸһ˰ɣˣ˲ҵĶ֣ɣͻȻڶ޴һһ£һ˦ͬıӣɨգ͵ػزһ
ס˽ɫ칬

ٱǾʼӡɫ칬ʼϵ𶯣֮Ȼ໨Ƭǿеˡ
ͻͻͻҲ֮ʼ𶯡
꣡
һͻȻΪһԲ򣬴ӰٱǾӿ
칬ʥӡ
ٱǾ֪ڰеĳͷתһ˦ģǵ칬ʥӡ
˭˵ֻǴ뿪ٱǾҲڵƣ֣㹻ʱ䣬㡢˹þԭаնɱնɱǣ뿪Ҳ٣˵ǲǣ
Ӱ˳ǳͷɭɭЦݣŰٱǾ˹Ĵ
ã뷨̫ˣǲ֣նɱǣ칬һ࣬ҲסɣҲЦ
ɶ񡭡
ٱǾһɫͰ޹⣬ǰͷ֣նɱˣһҲûУ
ǾԭаþһŵǿսͷֶһͷⲻǰţҪǿߣնɱ
ͷƯڸ߿գٱǾҪΪǵļƻ޷죬ˣҿǳͷ֮һƿߣǹǣ̫˽ˣҪѹͷҾҪƻ޷óѣͷǻˮһգ
˵˭ˮһգ
ͻأ䣬ͷոɢһΪдݶ
˭
ͷɫ޷Ӧ˴ڣ֤˵Ϊֲͨ١
ˣˣͷЩ֮ˡͳͳҪ칬ѹɣ
ٱǾһչüͷؿ߿գԣ˵֮ˣ칬ǿߡ
ô칬֧Ԯôˣ
̫ƻ߾𡢰׷ħ桢ĸȵȰ񣬻оͷӸոӵϲ֮Уת˲ɫʹ߿ա
ַ仯ˣ
ԶڰеҶȣ벻һǿߵң޷Ӧ˲Ƕ٣ǰ񣬻ǼΪİ
ͻͻͻ
Ȼ䣬֮Ϊһ֮ϣ𽥵һ칬۵ˡ
̫ʼ㣡
ͷ꣬վһ
̫ʼ
ǰǰȻ칬Ϊ칬߹
Ҳ겻һٵϣû뵽һõΪ˰Ĵڣ
·ͷųͷ֮̾ϸϸ꣬һŻȻ̾Ϣԭˣ֮УҲвʶ
඼װȷҵ꣬ڸλǰһСǸûʮӶʮ𣿽յңѾͷϣǷ԰ǰ̫Цˣ
̫ʼȻڱ֮ϣǰٱǾҲδȼƣƣ·ƿһУһж¡
ǻ̫ʼ
ԶҶ΢΢һ𣬾Ȼǻ̫ʼǿǵ꣬ѳƣѹ½ǿߣһֱǳħҪնɱ
ңһ˭ûеݣֻߡ
ֻߣ֮УѪߡߡͨߡͨߡߵȵȵĴڣֻдߡߣֻ߱ȼ硣
ԣעվ֮۷ľ
̫ʼٱǾͷȻԱͷҲҪֱɣȷҵǰһδ칬ǳͷ֮ƿߣ֮ߣ޷ҽʱ뿪˳ͷ֮磬ҪΪǰҲԸһȣ
ÿСӡͷе㶯ŭˡ
̫ƻ׷ħ棿ûиɢһս̫ƻ׷ħ棬Ϊ䣬Ĵ׹׷ħ棬칬ɣħݲ㣬칬㣬ʲôʲô
̫ʼһһ·ͷ
Сħүүݺʱ㻹֪Ĵأ׷ħ棬һԶžͷộһӣ
һƳ̫ʼ˫ĿͿʼɱϧɢƣһ޷߶ۻ̫ʼҲֻܸɵۡ
֮˼𣿰׷ħ棬Ұͷ֮磬һһƽսģ
̫ʼվıͳͳΪʧڡ
뵱ѹƵΪơ
ҶУǰһǰǰһһŻ̫ʼѾûлᡣ
ڣֻеȴɲǻ̫ʼĶ֡
̫ʼĿ⣬ϣս⿪ʼڣ㾹Ȼܵˣ칬ͨռȻˣͱ뿪
ȴս⣬ֱĴΧסȻһࣺͷס̫ʼɱһѪ·ٵȥԼ¶߳ȥ
⣡
ͷͻȻץһ泤һɹԣڳ֮ţ·۶ɣ
˿ռ䣬ѹ
ٱǾ˹ԭаþΧסɴ˹ٴηһɽƿռ䣬ٴεסһΣս٣·һѰѴ󵶣ҪгΡ
޾а⣡
ԭаֻŵӰÿһӰͨķ⻯ŸƳһɶĿĹâϯȥ

һþҲʩչͨ
ڣһ࣬ãһѹƵĳȣαʮɾ޴һ趯ȣմµа
칬٣
ٱǾû칬֮ͻͻѹȥ
ǻ޳ܰ
ķ쳣侲ʱҲʩչǿͻȻһ𣬸ſ죬һŰ񽣣Ϊһ񽣷籩Ȼʼɢ
񽣷籩һʡͨȫ񽣷籩г촷ۣŴֿһɫâΧռ䣬֧顣
ۣ
ðٱǾ˹þԭа׷³Ѫǰռ䣬һ߳ȵϡãǾ޴ڶܺɨκ
ͷ֮
Աߣ
ͷû뵽ǿһ˿Ĵ񣬴´࣬ռϷ磬̫ʼֳһ񽣣һ
һɴ־Ľ·Ҫѹ̫ʼꡣ
ص

̫ʼΧɵķһʱƾһһһȥ

ڸ߿ײײϯʹ󲿷ֻΪ棬н磬ҪΪ档


1552 һ
ͻͻͻ
ʹΧǳأͻȻʹصĽ磬ϵ𶯣ǳˣ֪˺¡
еˣȥ磬ȴˣڽ⣬ʹȻڳš
ʦ㣬䲻ϣû뵽ͷ·ɱûнȥıҪ̫ʼҲˡ
ʹ֮ϣˣУ·һУƺܴ͸硣
Աλӣ˫ͫͷ⣬ա
ǰڣͺðˣֶ˳ͷ֣޵Уֻû뵽칬û̫ʼ
ô̫ʼ̤꣬ʵʦ㶼࿴
ʦܣ̫ʼֻߣʦ˵칬һֱδֳ칬֮칬֮Уڶ๬棬̫ʼǿģΪֻߣǰΪõֻ֮ţʵǿֻ֮ţǿ֮Уǿޱȵĳ
ֻ֮ţҵȷҪˣ
ȿɣ½¼İ˵֮ǰµˣͷԤƿһУͻȻɱǰ䲻⣬ƻ칬ƻ
غˣŮ˵֮Աٴδ߶˫ͫӵǿʢ͸·ʱա
ᡭʱܵ˹ԭаþٱǾĴǿޱȣֶһֻߡһ¸ո̫ƻ˴ߣͻᱻ˲Ϣסɣ
ʹڲѳΪһƬ棬뻹ڲͷſ»һҶͬȹϵϣȴᣬ뾡һЩͷһȳ
ͷʵֻҿɻδ֣ܰұƵǸϣ
ϿգʮͷȻ̱ڵϣһɹײըǵ
һ˸̫ʼƿȼյĻ棬֮УͷӶ񽣣ϵڻ̫ʼ󷽣޷ϻ̫ʼٶȡ
û뵽̫ʼһ˵ǿ󡭡ͷˡ޷ѹ
˵
Ŵֻߡֻ߰Ŵ˻õһֻֻߣܴ߶ֻ֮ţʩչ¼ܰѳͷѹίʵ£
칬ݺɽٸԪд˸֡ϧֻ̫ƻ׷ħ⣬ؼ޷ȥ󣡡
񲻶ϸ̾
ǵˣڽ죬ȻƿС
һٱǾΪ߶칬˹ԭаþһδ赲ǰʵ̫뺷ˣǶԸĴеЩ׽⣬Ͼ˹ٱǾѾǰеľ
ǻ̫ʼҪԸˣҲǰ׵ġ
ĵܣ
Ȼ䣬ݷͬˣ׼ԸҶȣԺУһ

Ҷ־ϲû뵽һֱҲڰУ磬ʱǵ취̫ƻ׷ħ桢߾Щǿ߾ȳǱ칬ѹˣҲԼ
޶֪ʲôʱգҲģڴ˹ʱұЩףԤʱ򣬻ǶԵģĵܣǻ̫ʼ㽻֣˵ʵ̫̬ˣ꣬ʹﵽָ߶ȣԽ˴˹ǰĴڡҲ֣ȴ԰͵ϮͷȻȡһʱ䣬ο϶ʩչռͨѾͷǾȳ
ţұʩչҶȹͬˡ
ȥˣ
𽥵ɢȥ
ڿԼһʵ̫ˣȻΣ֮У˳ɳ
߶ԴʩչԪͷԪҶȿʼ롣
̫ʼһֱֻ֣֪ܣǷڵĻ棬ͷֳֻ񽣣ƣǻ̫ʼ̫ˣٶȿ޷š
̫ʼһЦͷֿ·ͷΪ˾ͷһζĹ¶ˣвԼȻǿ󣬵ҵĶ֣̫ƻ׷ħ桢߾ˣʩչ֮⣬ֻҸовɽİȻ࣬Ҳ٣İͷǣǶǰɫϧûһѪڵζ
û˿ҵĴڣ
ǿţóͷȼս
ʱ
ڻ̫ʼǰ֮УûκεĴڡ
ݡ
һֱпգһ˻̫ʼǰ
ţ̫죬̫
û̫ʼȻҲһ㵣ոͷųʱѸݵ֮ϡ
䡭
ˣڵһɡ
ã
ڿеҶȣãҪֽкãĹ̫뺷ˣ̫ʼߣǺεȵľ
һ̣ҶȿɲΪʱȴĻᣬˣûˣ
ԪҶʩչ˲񷷨ʮͷٺͰ񣬻ɷɱħˣڵĿռ䣬Ȼʼ˸޵Ĺâ
ռͨã
ٱǾעȫڹעԻ̫ʼˣںδʮǿڵĿռ䣬Ȼʼ˸Ļɫâæһףһ칬ʥӡֱʮͷռ乥ȥ
ԸնɱҲ˿⣬ǻ뿪
ɲܱƻˡ
ͻȻ䣬һɽȻΪӰ˽һ칬ʥӡǰһԾһ칬ʥӡ֮ϡ

Աߣʧȥ˻̫ʼͷ˽һӰһ£³˳͵Ϯǿݡ
ٿ
ͬʱ񷷨ƣȻѼʮͷӷ浱գһռ䣬ͻȻתȻһˣת֮뿪սһͷϷ
ͷǣˣεȵĿռͨ
ϣһߣ
һǿߣˣޱ𺳵ѿڶ
Сӣϼؽ౦ȷӦǿΪ뿪ͷ֮硣
Ǻǣ
߾ֻЦЦΪ֪ݡ
ͷ̫ˣ
ĴסͻȻãƺҲû뵽·ɱһ칬ǿߡ
ˣ˾ͺã
ǣһŻ̫ʼֶϻصš
̫ʼ
ͷ˲תɫˡ
칬ѰǺܾˣһֱ๬޷ԸǣϴشҪնɱ㣬ܴ칬ɹֱӰѻˮìͷֱ칬ͥļƣȻ㣬нͽ칬Ͳã㣬ˣ
̫ʼݲȣţδ˿Ľˣ湥ȻһƶûС
̫ǿˡ
ͷҵʵǰȴžͷ뿪Ҫƺ󡭡
Ի̫ʼȻֱӣùġ
ȥɣڣҪץסʱ䣬סҲֻڼаˡͷȻͬ
ಣ
ȥ
ߣֻ
̫ʼʼˣΧӿֻһҪ׷ΧֳĻ档


1553 Ž

˭֪һ֣·һ㣬ӳͷͷûΪǱֻ͸֮ϡ
ۣ
ڻ̫ʼ£һУһУͷˡ
飡
ۿ̫ʼٴȥ׷ٶʵͨҪȥ׷Ҷ뽣޷ߡ
ʱһӰ֪ͨεֶΣŻ̫ʼݺݵҧȥ

̫ʼܿҪӰΧͷһƳֻȻһ˦Ͱþԭа𿪣ȻֱӺٱǾ˹˿ɵ
䡭
Ӱ˺ҧû˻̫ʼ
ֵܣ뿪ȥʱգһִ֧ԮƴǾ鷳ˣ
գۣٶȣҶǰԱ߾һռ䣬һϲ𾪵ľͷǣò״ĻᣬͷˣҲ˷ᣡ
ߣ
Ҷȶ˵߶Ԫմ󣬽ǰһѽȻ˴Ŷռ䣬𽥷ɳʹ
ֻء
գȻһ޴ռȥ
̫ʼɶĻ̫ʼôǿҪ֪ǱͷסҶ뽣Щ⣬̫ʼĹʵ̫ˡ
ƣ
ڴʱһӣһƣԣһƣѸ͵֮ϡ
ߣһͽҶ뽣
ǡߣ
Ҷƺ֪˭ˣϲ֮ƿضռ䣬뽣һͬɳ˻ʹ磬Ȼٴһ뿪½
ٶȿã޷׽֮֮
̫ˣ̫ʼ칬ӪıͷˮһգմЦѴþԭа֪ȥ˺δֻаٱǾ˹Ķ֡
̫ʼУ߳һȻ飬滹ɫâãҾڴ˺úôսһһжΪɣǣץסͷҲһݾ޴ջ񣡡
𣿵ɵ磬ʸѹҵģȷһﵽ˰۷壬ѵҲҲ룬ʶʶֻǴ˵еֻ֮šܻ̫ʼս
ˣһǰǣ뿪ɣ
һˣ侲ܶ࣬ĿĴﵽˣӪȳڶǿߣʱ̫ʼȥ֮١
ðɡķҪ֪ͨ
ͷ
ǻߣ
̫ʼȻһŭ
޴ĶʱУһʱգϷʩչͨʱյϢȫķ
ĵܣЩ񡭡˾綾ǾȳҲܻ⣬ľ綾ǻǰǴʱգӰȫº취úý֮󣬽תһ̤룬Ҷڸ߿ռ档
·ӡУԴϵؽУʮͷϵգȻ޷߶Իָ
Ҷ磬Ҳа취ڵľ綾תƵҵϣһӡ֮У
էȻһţŶĵܣͨ챾£ûа취ģ
һԾ֪ˣҲûо԰գ
ԵǽֵܣҶҲ룬Լӵ󴫳еܣ˵ȥɿڻʱ򣺡磬̫ʼҶˣûаǣ뿪Ļᣬã࣬һΪЩͷ˾綾ǾͿɱǹӪȳͷǲи뿪
ԣôǣͷΣ֮УҾȳЩô칬ȻŭתƵϣɣĵܣʲôͨ;ʩչ
Ҳ뱩¶ҵ磬Ҫͨ㡭
ף
ڸ߿գ·ͷǣץסᣬԴҲʩչͨҪƽ⿪綾
ľ綾Ƶĸɢ
̣ҶȾں󷽣˫ڽĺ󱳣һɹɵ̫һʼڽΧ
λͷǣͣɣԣǷܰǰھ綾תƳӳˣͷΣ֮У
ܵҶȵ̫һޱ𺳣ΪȻױ̫һѹȻһ·ռڵľͷһ
оͷֹͣУ׷
ٿ
ʱҴ뵽̫ʼǿ󣬻칬ĳԮҶȾͺ޲ãϾͻоͷھ綾
ʱ̫һǴ̫һ˲ӿ뼸ʮͷڡ
ͷ޷ƾǵڡ
ͣ
ոսӴͷڵǻȻաҶȵȷ̺̫һȻҲʼʴֻǿʼȻǰɵʼʴ
ΡҪڵĵ߰˰ˣ
ôͷҶ֪Ѷж󣬹ؼ޷ʩչʮٵа׷ħ桢ħǬйϵҶȿɲ룬Ǭܡ
ʮ٣֮һʲô޷գľ綾ڻ£
Ϊ˱ܣҶֻĴƾͷڵȼԶ
ر𡭡Ȼܰڸɢľ綾ذ𵤱棡
ռڣҶͷŸһͷԸӦһ޵ʼڵľ綾ʼ塣

ҶѾͷ󺹣ʧֻ֪ȫ߶ͨһͷڵľ綾
ȻӾͷǵڣһɻɫڣȻһȼգڸʴԻ档
лֵܣڿԴ߶ˣ
׷ħ棬һӦһħʼݺᣡ
ǰ
̫ƻҲ˿³һѪ
Ӷ˫֣һϿգʧ߿ճХȻɢľ綾ת˳λͷϣ֣ɱǹԻ̫ʼϰٱǾ˹þԭаǴҵĶ֣ӪȳΪ˴ң
ٱǾħүү쿴ʰ㣡׷ħ˵ħɳ˶ռ䡣
̫ʼ
̫ƻҲϷȥ
ţһ񣬶ȥ
ĵѣϣȥǳ֮⣬֪࣬뿪һʼ֣½һƬ棡ֿεȻȵȵپͷ
ã
ҲǶ˵ͬ飬˴裬Թʮ̾ͷ˶ʱա
֪ʲôʱЩµǿߣôһŽƣȫŤת
һˣڿԹԼֵܣĵܣɹˣ˰޷漣û°ɣ
û£ֻʧ̫ɢľ綾պ˳תƵ֮Уϧһٴ߶ˣ
Ҷǿվ򽣣ͶȥһЦݣһͬ½磬㻹ȥй۲ƣһʲô仯ҲҾͲȥˣҪָ
úϢʲô仯Ƕ칬ģʮĸǳصģ칬ıѾ¶ȥǺջ񣬼̫ʼҲˣСİ
˵꣬䣬תͷ½


1554 䶨
ڡɿˣ
Ӱ磬ǲУѹһ̣ҶȸоԼĶõ˾޴š
Ҷȣĺܺã
Ȼ˵ĶʱС
ˣһࡢݵŮ
Ҷһû˿¶ϲ֮ɫ߿ķʩҶȣû뵽ʦ𣡡
˵֮ˣĪֶۡ
ֶؽٶȻ࣬ȴ߸ϣԵúͣΣڵ飬оô
ͻȻؽ٣ûйҶȣҲûֻѣȥһʡ
飿
⣬ʵͻأ˼ôݣһ¾ֶ֪۵˼ƽɣɡôһ˷꣡
ͷ磬Σʵ
أʣ֮͡ʦڰݹ˰ɣôڵ뽣뿪ʹһ̣ʦ㣬öʦ֣ģ
ͷ磬Ѿ˵ңԶͬˣһͬԿ칬Ϥ¼Уڵɵ㣬һڣһ⣬ݹƣ
ǰ
Ϊʦܺ棬ΪβһҪ⣬ǾΪʦѾ֪ǡһ㾪Ҳû𣿡۵Ȼ˿仯
ʲʣʵˣԽ࣬Խ֪ʦͨ޵Сǰ⣬Ҷȶˡ
ΪУֶۡ
ͨǶʲô˰ɣΪһ룬ƿأһֱڰп㣬㣬һ·һشҵϣҴδ㣬ȴܴﵽָ߶ȣνɽһţʵ飡
ʵҲû⣬и⡭ʳڣʦԲشһֱ֪ʦ칬״ʲôϵ
⡭
ڶʱգ˴˽·綼ΪӰ΢΢һ岻ܸ㣬ĸְɡݣ
Ŷ
𰸣ҶԸûл֪Ϊֶ칬ҶһδεĽӴͷ֮䣬һʲôϵ͸¶ǬǱֶ죬Ϊ˶ԸҶȡ
Уֶ죡
ζţֶǬƺҲʲôǬֱӱ칬֮ѹֶ쵱ɱ칬ִߣ칬Ҳδ׷
֮䣬ûϵŹ֡
⣬Ҷɻ󣬿ϧò𰸣ڻС
ֶ۵㾭澳УԼ澳гɳڵ㣬ʵﵽ۷壬ղ˰磬֪Ĳɣģǰ룬ԼԼǿĿǰú޽֮أŵã̫Ҵ½֮ҲӦûͻһ٣Ϊ٣һ̤٣ֱûκѴҲµóһֱиԸǰѴǧͼΪıһ٣һ޴
⡭˻ҶȼΪ𺳣û뵽뷨
þȣ㵽ΪӦÿԶϤκ˵˼ȥκεʱգҲܵ޷ΪʦʦѣĲܣӵУ޷ʲôֻа㣬һԸǧͼǰ㾪޵ķΪıǻﵽʲô߶ȣҲڴˣΪʦҪ뿪ˣɹ٣Ϊʦģ
ʦ𣡡
Ҷȵձȭ
˸ӦȻ޷Ӧֶ۵κϢ
ʲôΪ
վʲô߶ȣ
ϣһ޷ȥĹ£
ʦ֡ʵ̫ܿʼ˵ǶۣǶʦ֡ʦ㡭Ҿǵľ룬һذ
عҶһ߳ʱգ½ǰԺͷʱˣ½ӿͬա
ܷ
֮棬ԿʼӡӱУһΪȻԪںϣʼա
ܷӳˣûܷĴڣ̣ٴν½
ȥҶǰѾʼˣĽˣʼ׷ɱ뿪ˣʮˣ뿪˴󲿷֣һС֣Сģ˹ľӣһΧɱ˿ǻᡣ
ʹ磬ѴϿգһڣһɹɻϵӿҲʼ𽥵顣
Ȼǰֵڻ޴Ľ硣
ľӡѩӡ۳綼뿪ܷ磬޼ǹңϤǲʶˣͳͳ뿪½
ǡ
ŽĽ磬Ҷǰģ
̫ƻˡĸͳ׷ħ桢滨š߾ϼؽ౦ۡ鶴Ȱڹһǿ
̫ʼ
һĻҶȾ̫˼飬Ȼʮ񣬱ɢʴʵȻԵʮˣȻΧһ񣬿ɽ磬Ǵδйġ
Ӱأ
һŵΪӰռ䣬ȫӰֻУƿһƬʱգٱǾ˹Ӱռڣܵþԭа̱Զ֡
ϿգͷѪɼڻ̫ʼϣ˶Ŀ̫ƻϡ
ٿ
˫ֵƣͻȻγɿµķ籩ԻʹΪģͻأ˷ɨȥ
ͻͻͻ
磬ͬ߹Ƶģһȫ飬ֵڲܵѹƣʼӿ
µ
ֻǰƣѾÿܷϺˣŽһͬҺÿܷҲпռܡ
Ťͷһʹܱߵɳأʼֵѹ˲ϯͬѹ·¥󡢸ֵֽ׷׿ʼ쳾ˣ˲Ϣڰֵ֮С
ٲֻŸ˼δʱ뿪ˣҲһ棬ѹ֮С
ȻֵѹɢΧ磬粻ʹǰ̣ʼѷ졣
Ϧ
Ȼһжֻıһ֣Ȼ˹Ͷ칬ô˵йŵһ½ˣӵеڶ
λȸˣ
У˵ĳͷץסʱ񵱿ձȭ֮󣬻һɻƣնȥ
˹ٱǾΣǻҪɱȥ𣿡
޴ʧֱһۣģǿѹưٱǾ˹ٶȣǰһ
һʮ񣬻㼯ڰ֮С
ʮֶ˻̫ʼٱǾһʮ۵գϧ˹ԭаþڵӪ칬̫ʼٱǾվС
Ī⡭̫ʼǸݣĪ⡣
˹
߾޾˹ͬΪıȻͶ칬ӽԺް꣡
߰ɣ칬ס𣿡
Ȼ棬Ѿƫһ̫ƻ׷ħˣѾ칬ͶһΣգÿҲղɰ׷ħ浱ճХ֮ʮתȥ
̫ʼٱǾһ׷ȥ뷨ҲûС
Ǽˣ޷Ըôġ


1555 ķ
ʱ½ѾΪһƬ档
ڰ£꼻һ֣ɲǷͻȻʧĸͻȻ
֮Уֻл̫ʼٱǾ˹þԭа
֮ǰˣﻹѰõһ˿Ӱ
󲿷뿪СֳΪµڻҡ
ֵܣμƻԭȱֻû㵽ƽⸯɢ̫ƻ׷ħ涼޷ȴˣ
ٱǾżžķ棬˫ͫزסŭɱ֮⣺гͷΪͷ֮ƿߣ֪꣬칬ܣȻ칬ԡûϵССĽҲðһǸɱ֮ˣɹϢ
ӳͷ֮磬һֱƶƻԸзߣԼͥˣȻ鵽һ޷ıģȻʵǿһҲܣȥ׷ϧƻգɽɢȥɽϻһַ籩ʱ칬úԲߣ
̫ʼӿʼڣȻԳͷսҲδж
ʱһЦȻĴգ˿̣칬ִͬʱٶ
ͺãͷβ칬һı
ҶڰеĿܷ˼Իʱ˿̣칬һ֪
˵زɾܷʩչԪתȥ
һˣ
ʱ֮⣬С
һۣ죬Զɫշ߿գֶֻȻƯڿС
ƽʵ˳뿪ˣ
뿪ʱգұѷֿȥ̫ʼǣ칬ֶΣҲǼɵͲ뿪
̫ʼֻߣʣȷҴûд߶ֻ֮ţ֪ǺԭɣǴ߶ֻ֮ţսֻԤϣû뵽ͷ·ɱǵǿͨϾ칬˽⣬˿ɼ
ֻ֮ţлᣬѹаȴһֱδʩչȫ⵹ֵĺܡ
ǻȥɣǵϣܷ칬֮ϣ˹þԭаͶ칬칬ŵʲôҲóͨҲ˵
һֱ룬칬ûͨİ취
˭֪ء
֣񷣬ϽֱӰա
ͬʱ
һӢӣھ붯ʱպңԶһʱգƯ
磡
ԶӶʱգҶȼٷ
ǡ
ҶڵգһӵȻһͬڻɫշУĵܣָ֣칬һδϴնɱâ벼Ӽ˵ʹ֪ǻô
ȻǴӵۣ޲ǱжҶȳЦһ칬һ֮Աǡ
죬ǣһɽİ֡
˵֮ǡ̫ʼ
ǰ
ɫ˲ΪȻ٣ԶԶԽ٣ĵ㣬ڣѾﵽ٣ҵʵѾȾԭаþҵĹնɱͨ񣬿ϧҲˣ̫ʼ汻һУûһƣ
˵ǿ󣬳ԽҵԤϣ֪ʵˣΪγƵ꣬ϡͷͷ֮ƿߣҲĶֻ֣̫ƻ׷ħ⣬ȻҺû֣²֣
һֱͣ٣ҲвͷˣǸýʱĵܣҲҪӿ¼Ըıɽ֣ͥҲڱƲκˣ칬
ʱҴ
½ӦֶӵϢУֶǲ٣֣һֱڰСĵܣǾٴ˷ֱһ֪ͨܣ
ͻȻӿٶȣһҶȡ
Ҷ֮󣬽ٿһʧΧκεĿռ𶯡
Ȼ̫Ҵ½̫һʱ䣬ٻŤʱգʦʦ棡˼һҶȱ߶ǧͼ
˿̣޽֮ĳС
ϰٸ֣Ű׷ħ桢ħɹһռ䣬ɷɷħС
һȣ
׷ħͻȻ֣һڸ֣Īͣ׷ħħ䣬Էǰ
֮䣬˷ɹһռ䣬ֻǰգǬڿǡ
ûǰǶԼˣƽδܹǬǰ׷ħһԹ
Ǭ̰ο֮ǰҾ͸кҪ칬ѹԪã֮ƽͺã˲ٸֹҲ㿭ٻȥɣ
ã
׷ħʩչһͨһٶ֣ǰա
ֻʣǬħ˸һξ룬˺󷽡
ħһЦֶǸ׷ħ汻ҾȳһֱֺԼߣǶҪɫͷˣպҲվһ𣡡
аµı£ֻ칬ȻʵҲ࣬ǵüӿָָȫʢʹǵǿ󡭡ħΪֻǸˣȴ֪½¼Ϳߣȥˣ²ֻһ̫ʼи֣ǲֻ֪ߵ
Ǽʶˡȷ̫ʼδʩչȫܰѳͷˣ࣬ʮ棡
ֻߣ֮УǳĴڣԣ칬Ϲ£ǿߣӵֻ֮ţңҲûо԰գѹֻ󣬲ѹ칬Ҿһֱõֻ߰Ҷˣȥ磬Ϊ֮УЦµĴڣϧһж칬֮ȵǣЩ꣬ץ˶ٵʣ
ץôʲôѵһԶʵ
칬֮ǿ󣬶ǸϺֶ̫꣬򽻵Ҳ֪磬ǶôĴڣĿǰץôʣص磬ֺߵ󣬱Ͼ磬һɽӾ޴磬࣬ɽ磬Ϊȥ磬һС
Ҳȥռʣħһһеģ
ħô࣬Уڴǧ磬ˣ磬ȵ˷֣Ƶ칬ǿ̣ٳ֣ϣеʣߣ
Ǭ˵ϣթЦ⡣
ͥ
ˣոշ룬ͱһɽ⣬ֱץ֮С
μϴۣ
˳һ֮Уǰشۡۡشۡ
شһ֣˱վ𣺡½¼ѾȫϤͥûȥͣȻ֮١Ҳۏˮ֮У
칬̫ˣˡɵӣ
شۼЦȻ̫ƻ׷ħ桢߾ЩĸĽɫƾѹ칬͵ʴףǡǡǻᣬǼϴȥ½¼̣ƵطŴɽ˷֪Ҫ칬ӽ쿪ʼΪʸ֮ģ
ǣۣ
ȥ
ʣۣͥۼһ𣬶һ󺮳ĵ׵Ц


1556 ֶ
޽֮أңԶŤʱա
Ťʱաʱա˺ʱԼʱգ޽̫֮ƪŤʱ֮Уȴһ׳̫Ҵ½
ಣ
ǳ֮⣬᳤㣬һŤʱա
½֮УƯ̫Ҵ½һ̽ţʥ֮£Уڷ֮ھ䶴

ĺȻԪаʡĿӷ֮·ɳһգҶȸպôз
ˣ
˻ģǿߣҶʩ
Ҷ˫üһպδһɨ̫Ҵ½ϲдοû뵽Ҷڷ֮£Կ䶴ܺãʣޱȣٶƿȥھǶһսУ
̾ʥɽ磬ÿ˶ʵҪԣ٣ڷԿ䶴ϷʥǣֻͨˣǴҵסˣ
ܺãˣҵð½һУǡ
£ҶȾ͵һʱ䣬ɽ󶯾Ĵǿߣ
ɽҪˣ
ǰ֣¶ᷢı䣡
ǿߣ֮󣬺ëֱֱð麹Ҷ־һξĶ֮ã¼޷Ӱ졣
ÿˣԼҪӿвԺҲϢ߸ÿˣˣ½ֶͨΣĵʮŻٵԪаʣȷ䣬Ȼ󽻸༱軯֮ˣ
֮䣬ҶģƯʮŻٵ
Ĵǿߣٵĸġ
ȻǶýʯУʯվȻȲҩЧãҶȰѻٵԪаʣĿ뿪ˡ
ǼƷٵһǰ͵ģţ
գۣҶһץһڲͬĻٵڻǰ
Ʒٵֻа񣬲ӵеǰĵӵģڹͥУֻϹŶʵģܱۣʹͼƷٵסٵǿ̣ϳֳЦݡ
ֻһŵҩˣҪͻưԼƻٵҷʱ䣬̫Ҵ½ҾͲˣҶԾûڣãڶˣֻ塢šˡ
˿̣Ҷȸ·棬Լھ棬ÿ˶ˣۼ̫Ҵ½
ĺȻ뵽ʲôüɫһˣǰ죬һǿߣͻȻŤʱΧĶʱգΪֶʵ֮ǿﵽ۷壬ʵ£Կһİ񣡡
Ǵ涴ʱգҵǼǵáֶⷨһŤʱա
ƺ˲Ƕ֮ǰˣնɱ˴ˣռǴʱգ̫Ҵ½ʱգһǿߣҲ룬ʱһã˿ؽУȻᷢһЩ˿˵ͻȻһ⣺˲ձضΪأ
ҶȹϵҽȻˡȥѷֶѹˣҲΪ̫Ҵ½һǿߣ½Ҫ
Ƕˣ
ȻԸһֶǶȥͿˣʵҲȥԼҲܰѹ
ЦЦҶ̴߶һɿռͨŻģ˲ϢʧŤʱ֮С
ΧһŤʱ֮С
һˣڻΪĶ֮ϣʩչͨʣؽ
ɶ񡭡Ȼ뿪֮ǰѶˣ֪ˣնɱʱ͸öЩĥ֪ҷֶ
˿ƺܲˣϾڷؽָ֣Ҳǲ׵ġ
ˡ
ͻȻһɹϵϢڷֶΧӿ֡
ֶȻһͻȻ߸Ծ𣺡ͥϢ
мʶңԶ޽֮ʱգҲ˶ɽ磬ָƵģֶڸɵ£ռȵɣ
һŮӣȴ˾ޣӰմݶ
˭
γһƬƣѷֶѹУҲûзƺҪ֪˭֡
Ϊַǳ£Ȼ޷Ӧ˶ԷĵɼʵֶΣ֮ϣðȻΪУ֮١

Ҷģ˲ֳ
ֶٴУһˣˣֹӻͷųԱҶȣоϢ
ռȵˣˣɱΨһĵӣ꣬ҲѰڴˣǰòŽնɱ
ֶкƣʮֿ֪λΪζԱͻȻ֣ҲƼˮ꣬޶Թ
ֶ֮ȷǺ޶Թֻڵ⴦ʱգǸպ룬˵νһɽݶ˰ɣȡҶλãϢԵǿӲ
ֶһ̳˾ɫŤʱս
밡ϧֻܷŤʱյΧ
ٴδǰԽףһ㣬òϣҶģĽ뼵ʵ
ļ˼⣬ɰǿߣʵҲΪжԹϵԡֶΪӪһӣﹲɣ
ǺǣֻЭȻǿԹͥȴɵʲôͥб£˵ֶɭɭһЦģҶĲ࣬ռ̫Ҵ½
뷨ôӵùҶȵ۾һֻȥժ˼ҵĹӣʲôʱ򣬷ͷˣ
Ǿʹķڷ
ͻȻһ

գѸײڶ֮ƣ뷨ֶڿƶƣȻ˭ûռƣǻĵͫһɲɫ⡣

һƺĵƣ౶Ƭ̼䣬˷ֶ
ڿУɰףסӡ
ֶʵҲ࣬ǲһ㡭ɵȫֵĻʮУܽѹŲţջƣڴ˶ȥ⣬ʹ˿棡
ߣͥ𣿵ҲǸ
ֶ뷴ԣܿͷӡƣԣǵҲǿԹ棬ҲԼǣ
Ŷ⵹ûҶȣЩ⡣
ˣˬЩֱ̫˰ɣ
ǼӪǱ빲˭ҲΪǴӦһ㣿ҿԴӦֶЦ
ͬˣǱҪġֶƺӦôʹ죬Ϊǵʵס˰ɣµĲ
ͷųϻ۵Ŀ⣬ⲻ˸ˣ޷ǿУȻǵ⣬Ӧǣʵֻһƽİ취ˣһˣҲ޷ԿĵˣҽˮһͬԸǿУ˵һ
Ŷ
£ֶˡ
ǰίߣ̣ǰ壬ǵҲ²ģ̫࣡ĵûжɫȻǰ䵭
Ǻǡ
ҶȴЦˣĵȷ񵽱ˡ
ȻԷֶˬľֹҲ³ʲô֮ȴûлģô͸
Ͼģִһľͷ
һ㣬Ҷȵȷ̾硣
û뵽ǡСˣȴһ˾Ȼǿ͸ˣǾͱֱѹˣռǵĵǵĲƸ
ŻĿֶ뷨Էգ۱һˣɱ֮˫ͫƺҶģѹ


1557 ս壿
ֶҶȡǰ¶ӵе飡
һپͷױ

ǶȻʵǿ󣬿ɲ֪磬ˣ죬ʵ󡭡˿࣬Ǿҳ룬ǵһУͳͳҵģ
ֶһ߳Ѹͱˣ·Χռȫ˫ͫƿء
ҶǣȻϸֺһɻ󣺡Һܺ棬֪ʵкεģսǣ
̤٣޽֮ݺ٣Լĵ̣޷ӵеıܣȻֶҲ
룬Ҷ侲ģģֶΣģƬռ䣬һչͨɱΣʩչħԪ׷ħҲ޷Ӧ
Ըô߶ħԪ
ı߳ԹͥϢͷų·ԶʥŮףﶯķ˿оϴȻΪһ塣
ߣ
ֶݺһԾ˫Ƴһķ˲գӵѹ֮ѹ
Ǿͷһֶ֣Ρ

ڰԵһǿߣͷ̣ͷŷǻĵ˫ֺһ΢΢䶯š
ݡ
磡
һεˣķһӣһѹ˫˫ײһӵ޷ܣѷԴݿƣϵƵ÷顣
ɲǣĵյһָ
һƬɱ֮ΪӰֶ
û뵽㾫ͨͨܺãʰ㡭̫˻ʱʣ
ֶйɱɫһ֪ڸ棬ԽͻȻУһ֧Լһɾ޴İɫëʡ
ְֳëʣȥֶһдס
һֲ޿֣һĺȻ򰵽ëʣ˫֮Уһܹ١
˻𣡡
ֶ޲ѹģʰҶȣҶȶ֣ʹڲλãҪѹģ˫ָ߸趯ëʣڰգͻȻĻһʡ
䣡
һʻ·ռ䣬ʼ˺ѣ飬˺ֱ֮ƾ磬ƴоκʣ顣
֮ռ
ĵ˫ͫһٴ߲⣬˫٣߲⣬ش۵޵е
ûħԪ֮ǰĻģǹͥϹŶش۵ĵӣױȣ
һ̣˺֮ѹȶʱȫ˺ѱ֮£·Ҫ˺ķ顣
Ȼʮָ
ಣ
ڵķֶԳ̫˻ʱʣѹƣǿĻģ˲䣬ڵĿռ䣬ȫڲֺĲ״̬ÿһβʵһ˹
Ĳ״̬ݺֶᷨڵĶռ䡣
Ŀռ裬ҲʮֲҶʶĵڵһΣĻδͨͱҶȸѹˣûлᡣ
ڣչ֣ʩչռͨϹֶķһ飬˫ͫӳ̫˻ʱʣϧ˹ûκλ˫Ѫ룬¶˰׹ǣλƤҲʼ롣
ɺ޵Ŀռͨռ䣬պǷֶĵسܹϵسΪѪˡ
ҵͨɲֹռ㿴ϹŵɣڹͥΪ࣬ѧϰһϹŹ˲ĨɱԪΪɰ
ͻȻ٣һ֮䣬ռ⣬ƳƳΪѪ˵ķֶƿʼҪΪõһͿڱǰɰ
ͻȻŻ˫ͫŴһԪ֮⣬üаӰ·һ󷨣ֱӾֶ
ɰ
ƯڰеҶȣЦĺܲãԪ񹥻ԪΪǿ󣬱˵ǼһܣԪ뱣ƽ⣬ǿԪҲûãĵɰ˲ͻᱻĨɱԪԪ񹥻ֻԪԿ⣬޷赲
ס֣ס֣
ֶ磬ֻаˡ
ΪѾ޷ǿԪ̴ͨġ
ˣ
ˣȻգ֮䣬ü֮С
ҷˣҷˡͥǵɽͷֶһƤ˿ռ룬ΪһѪˣȻǿϰ̫˻ʱȻϢҲʧˡ
ᣡ
ոմͻȻо󱳷ͬʱϿճһֱ֣ͷ޻ᷴ
ԺѾҵԪӡ֮£ֻҿԽ⿪񶼲Уֶ̫СˣҲһվɵ۷ĴڣǸ翹һ飬ΪܣΪʹ
ҶȵӰ˷ֶԪ
⡭
ֶعٿȻתҶȸֶǰ΢Ц
Ȼڳ˻Ĺ֮һ״̬
˲䣬ͱҶƷ޸Ӧ֤ǿĲǻģҲҶȡ
Ҷߣû˵ڻָķֶŤʱա
ʱգĺȻԱߣֶĵ˵ʲôͷ˼ɵ
֮ǰˣǰͶһܣ̫ǿˡֶʵʵһʣ̻ش
䳰ţµˣ֪Է㻹ȥɱˣνɻɣ
ɱ֮ǰҲ֪ɱҵĵӣҲ׷ɱʮꡭȻѳΪǵˣʵ͸ǰɣҵľͷһ񣡡
񣿡
µҶģͻȻֹû뵽а񣬳Ϊв
ֶûɫѱҶƿأѡ񣬵ҲǸӣϵս壿
̫ʱ
ɫһ渵Ҷȵ֮УֻʶΪ㲩̫ʱڣǸħݺʱ̫ޡħ棬Σ࣬ս壬УǿΪʱٮٮߣʱڣսսԺգˡ̨Ϊ󣬽磡
̨ʲô
£Ҷֱ۾ģֶҲǾ㵡
ͥǹͥϸһֱĴУʱڵֻйͥƿţ̨һߵ磬Զʱǿħ£Ϳͨʱĵһ̤֮УǸδ֪磬ʱ֮󣬽ʱڣԪУΪʡʱڣɽѾ׷յ㣬ڵǿߣɽ֣Ҫ罨һ磬ҪˣһǾ޾֮Խ˷̨̨̤֮󣬲̤硭ֱֹʱڼԪʧʷ̨֮У
˼Ԫ֮У˴ʱ
սҲʱûģˣʱڣɽ磬м¼һߣֻû뵽սԪдУҲ⣬ȻԪ䣬벻ͬʱգ硢ɽ磬ֻᱻԸַʽõֶ̳ǵһУս̫ˣ
˵֮ԼҲ·ԴԶžʵУ߳ҡҡͷһ˿ŭ𣬵˼۷ֶ


1558 ս
ս塭·ЩϤζ
Ȼ䣬ϸϸһԶŵ֮ҶȾʲôһԼԺ
֪һ٣а񣬻սǿΪɽʱҵĵӣȥһʱգѰҹż˳У̫˻ʱʣһΪҵӱɱܶ׷٣Ҳ֪ĵŤʱգֶʱսĹȥ֮ͫУǼɵ֮ɫ
ɱԽ
ľؼԣնɱõһ̫˻ʱʣ̫˻ʱʵȷ̫ʱһӦҲɣ
ǼΪսʥƺսйϵնɱ֮󣬾Ȼֻõ̫˻ʱʣ
ֶϧҡҡͷҧҧ֪ǲսʥսͷϹϵ
˵ô࣬񵽵˭
졭ֶ

һֱ룬ȴĬĬţһԵҶȣȻһһɰֱӰѻ뷨ֶ𿪣˴𾪣ֶղ˵ͷΪ졯
ֶδعɵޱȵĵͷǱնɱˣҵģǶ죬ҵԭңɽһϵң֪죬Ǹңûйϵ
ңǹϵս磬ս壬ûйϵͲ֪ˡĺټҶȣʧ̬ʱ򣬱
˼ͻȻӿҶȸд֣ھɱ֮Уһȫ̵ܽĵӣΪݣ֣ʱûзֳʤ
ĵȫܽа֮УһǿЩ确֮а׾ȫ̵ܽġȫ֮ΪʮѾͻưаǿ߲٣ħڷͥ⣬ħڵа̵ĽʵֲۣͥٵľͷǸСݡʣѾǡȫ֮µĺӣ
ţǡսһǿתҶݵʩչġս䡯ڻ£Ǿ׵ͨߣͷųԽԼΪµǱ
ݣսĴߣΪսսһ֪ģ¾͹ͥƿǣս䣬ҹͥ¼֮Уɽ֮һϧѾʧݣ£ڿǡ졯ĦЯֺ̫Ҵ½Ŀǰõѡ񣡡˵Ҷȵ񣬳ء
һ񣬻սİ񣬶ôǿ
ϣҪΪ͸Ƕ쵱ﰡ
ûҶȿڣֶɵ˸
ֶȻΪӪ֮һӣҾͲ㽻ˣȡ棬£ҵĵˣ⣬ѡַʽ
Ҷؿһ۷ֶߺܿ찲ģȻֿģȻ첻Źֶô׷ٶ붷죬ǻġڰˣΪʱˣΪܲΪһЩ˽𣬷֣ΪսĴߣ۽粻Եˣ취Ϊǵв
ã
ĴΪ̫Ҵ½룬Ҷ侲˿˼̫Ҵ½
ʮ˽̫Ҵ½Ϊֶ벻ҶģӪһΪҶȵ΢ԪаʡĿȶٸ֣ı˿
ң̫Ҵ½ٿܣڰɵۣ̫Ҵ½һ̡
һ¹ȥ
޽֮ظߴգһƬʱ⡣
ಣ
ǳ֮⣬Ҷȴ߳
һУΪʮ񻯽ⸯɢĵѾ׻ָҲ̫Ҵ½źãԪаߵƿŤʱնһɱҲи׼
˻ġԪаʡĿֶپͷҶ̫Ҵ½ſˡ
ʦܣʱʦ㡢ʦѾʼƶʣʦҲŻ֮󣬹ľʹӻʱڲ˳
ҶȣȻûЦݣƵġ
Ҷʩ֮󣬾ĲʱգʵҶȥ½
ĵȥˣȥǶδӦ㣿˵㵹Ǹ߼ĵٵԼ
ǲҪȶҪռʱһóһ֣ţ½һĶЧ
Ϊ㣬ֶ첻ѣУնɱֹӣ½ɷɷЩħ֣鷳ûˣҲһ̰ɣʲôɷɷһ̿ǲöԸģ
Ǻǣ˼Ҫ۸ţҲܸţڲϰɣˣҺ뿪½ź˴£ô
ʱȥһ£Ҷȶ̫Ҵ½æµţڲʱ䣬Ҫ¼ĺ졣
ǲ֪
ͦ⣬·˶֪ģҶƫƫ֪ʱӴ˹䲼ּ칬ֶУɽܿ촫Ȼ󲻾ãİͷʼ֣а񹫿˹ڣͶ칬¶ƣھͷϢ˿ʼ룬Ҳ뿪ˡһ¹ȥˣ칬ĶУױ¶һƬֵķȻһЩ񣬼ѳΪǿһҹټзߣԿ칬ɽѾˣ˹Ѿ̳Ԩ
Ϊһ
Ҷ˵Щ⣬ȴҲ֮У̫ƻۼʶĴڣȷһеӢ
־δ¼Ϊıʣ˳ˮۣҲΪһܻᷢչɵ
ʦ֮ǰ͸¶½磬Ϊ෴ٵа֣ٹ˼칬׷׽ţɱӣ޶½ţҲʼǳʱڣĿǰҪѣʱ֪жٵ뾡취ҵȡǵԴҶҪ׼ãѣסţӲסǸڻҶȵĿ⣬ů
ʱ˿̣óŰҶȵͬʦܡ
ۣ
ɹʱգһƬ磬ǰۿﶯҶȣЦ
Щ˽£ţ
ӣҲֻ뻪ξӾɽ㿪ʼӴȻȺ

˸ոռ棬ڷ֮УͻȻһƿһƬ޴ռƣͬ籩
Ҷ̧ͷȥһӣһһУ˫ְһٱķϣһƶ
ֹԫ
˿̵ͷ󺹣ÿǰһ֣ƶʣг
٣ʵﵽ˻ǰ߶ȵǿߡ
ؿˣʦܡʦܡҲȥɣսأԽңν棬Ȼ⣬Ϊң
ţԿȻҶȼ
ķȥ
ս졭
޷ݣԺ𣿿
𰸣û˿ԸҶȣĵ
գʱ޷æֹԫġҶʵԽ˸ı棬ֻ
գۣҶѾķеһգǰССƯʡ


1559 Խ
ҶٵĲһˣǵˣкܶ취ƽΣ
ʱ˿̣ǰƯŵһȻļӲʣֳޱȣˣһܵ޽֮ѹȡ
ģ磬ǺȼԼĺһһɸߵǰƶʱֻһһǰǰһЩܸܵռĦ
Ȼٳ棬Ҳֲֹġ
䣡
ѵһʣ룬޴ײһ̣Ҷȫڲ˲亹ˮѡڶʣʼʡ
ػأʮ֮ҶȺȻһѸУδΪˣȻһ죬緲һֻΪʱЩ칬ץסˣΪھ򹤾ߣǶôҡ
¯ȼհɣ
ľ޴ҶһĶãͬʱƶʣͬʱ߶ʼһʩչײ

һܣһʮˣҶȰǿƽڣһͬƶʡ
ڸԼͷŸѹͬʱҲԴ޴ջ񣬶ڸãУмô
Ȼƶʵٶȣӿˣ¯ȼգϸÿһγڲǿ
ʱú壬ҶԼ
֪һȥҶȺȻɱ֮ǿƶʵٶȣҲԽԽ죬ֹԫ˵ٶȣҲڻؼӿ죬ƿ๤Ƶģȴʱʱ̿ڲǿ
У
ʱʿ˵û壬ʵǿƶٶȣϼӿ죬ʣһ飬Ҫʱ䣬пǧ꣬һĴ֣Ϊܰ쵽
ڣٶȲڼӿ죬һ첻ͬһ죬֮ǰȥһֻ꣬ƶʮʣڶһ
ԽԽ󣬼ɣʮɡ
Ҷһʱܣǰչأһ֮䣬꣬ʮȥڣÿһÿһ룬ؿǰϵسԽ
УҶɵʣϱɣĸ߶ȣѾﵽһڣôڶ٣ҶȵΪͻͻֱϣû˿Ѷȣ٣ȡʱ
Ѱǧ꣬ҲԴһٿ٣ҶҲֻðˡ
ֻǾδʵ涼ﵽԽٵĸ߶ȡ
ʦŵ񣬵ȷüλʦܡʦãõ޴ջ칬Ը˵ֶΣʦЩĺݣЧȴǺܾˡԺܶˣ޽֮أ
һӣ
ʱ֮⡣
ǵڶӣ
˫ͫͷŵĽ⣬ܴʱ֮⣬ʱղ㣬ڲκڼӵı仯Ӳ˫ۣӲ
ͨߣ
ʦòǶ٣֮ڵѪҺںϣﵽٲ⣬ʦܴΪѾǸ漣ʦԼԼԼ䣬ʱͻ٣
ʦܡȻõУǾʵ̫ˣ񣬴һ̤٣Ҳ֮УʦܡȻҲһֻĿܣһٵ˼飡
۷Ž⣬ʦԽʦܣڣô῰Ȱ񣬳ԽˣʵѾﵽ۷壬ڲϵȥҲһЩΪնɱ񡭡ȥʦ֮Ӧúο
ͣһᣬ޽֮Ͽա
ʩչ֮ҲҪǿ
Ǽȥʮˡ
Ҷȷ·һ³࣬΢΢ƣǰգտյֻʣ޴ʴɽԼס
Ϣһᣬſܣ׼ƶʣʮڣѸһ飬ϿܣͨϣʮڣѴ󲿷ߣֻʣ
Ҳ׼ʩչռ֮ͨҲҪûٴһ
ȻҶʩչߣ֮ռͨۺҪһ飬ʵʱ䣬̫ãֻʧȥ壬Ϊɱģ޷УʩչʣͶȡɡ

֮ͨչֳˣ޴ķʣڶռ֮Уͷͨǿƶռ䣬벻
Ȼһһÿһĵͬˮڣ
ΪУҶӡҸйۣϢ󷢵ٷҲܸӦţʮ꣬һһĶɹ˵ĻȻȥ
ͻͻͻ
ռ䣬ɽҶȺˮһε£ϵڿռĦռͨܣҪǿΪҶڰ޴ʣ޽֮һǰ
ߵֶΣǷˣ
һֹԫȻоռ𶯣ͷŸӦһƳ̾һ𺳣ѣûдﵽҶȵٶȡ
ʣ󣬵ÿһ룬һ֮ãҶȲ֪ʱɣ߶֮ͷƶռ䣬ҲӦռڵһС
¡
Ȼ棬ҵһ
ֻҶƯڰգڰʣ֮УڵĿռ䣬һ˿һʣɸɾ
ϲ۰
ϿյĻ𣬵Ц
ҶȸϰգȻһɨֹԫɣֻйģһЩʵҲ쳣ǿ󣬻ڲϵǿʱԽԽ졣
ֻʮ꣬ģӦöʮڣ
Ҷȴδо˷ɣЩţʮ꣬գ۾͹ȥˣһɹģʱȥֹʮ꣬еꡢǧ꣬еپͷչؾǰꡣ
ǧҲеġ
ڵ֮ǰֳ࣬ҲڹУᣬ಻ͬı仯
ȴֹԫģкܶ飬ҪһҪʣɵĴ½ںϣ½ʱ̾Ҫѣ֮䣬ûκѷ죬ںϣΪһ½
е󷨣
еʱ䣬͹̫ˡ
֪ͷֹԫ֪ʲôʱҲֹ˲ãҲ뿪·һ޽֮أѾ㲻СĴ½
˶Ϣ
ȥ˶ָ˾Ȼ뻪ۼڴ½Ϸ
ֹԫֻʦܣƿɽ籾ԴͨҪںʴ½ʦڿص㣬û㣬ǿܾҪ꣬ɣ
Ұҵǡ
˳
½Ϸ˫һϣһɹϵռ䣬ϵ죬룬·һ̳ʯɣչˣоؼȻȻӿռ䡣
ǱԴ
ڳ˵޽֮أ̫ˣԻ𣬾ھɽǰףѾ۴һУһͷһͨռ䣬㲻£һŴ½
ʱˣ
ס½ˣѾǴ죬޽֮أ򣬾Ȼ˵ľ޴Ȼ٣ﵽĵزȻΪˣͨ˿ɼ׼ᣬ˵ͷÿ˿ʼӡ


1560 
Ĵ֣ӣÿ˵ʵﵽ˾˵ٸ߶ȣ
ңԼķǷ
ںһѾﵽ߶ȡ
޽֮أҲֻаſȻв٣ˡĸԭаͳ׷ħ桢滨šþ
˭޽֮أһ
ûˣ
ֻд˹۴ǰˡ
ôδΪʵ̫ƻʵӹɣҲûнûκģȻûĸˣȱģҲȱ㣬٣Ҳŵ㡣
ӣΪԼŵ˰ǲϣ
ںϰɣ
Ĵ˴ʱƣͷųѹռ䣬·½˵Ŀ⣬һͬ½һƹһĴ½϶
Щ϶һ濿£棬ģȻˣ룬ʾۼǲûгǱ˴֮ںϣںϣһʱ𶯣˹磬½ʱʱ̶̿ѵĿܡ
϶ж٣һֻֻڻſڴ½
ᣡ
֣ǰľ𾪣Ƿ϶ǿǼӲķʣҪںϣѷ϶˴˽ӴԵͬƵΪҺ״̬ȻʲŻںϣΪ塣
ʼ̣϶ô࣬һȴҪǿԪܼȥ
𼴱ӵбԴֵõĴӳ֣Ҳһ£Ͱз϶ȫںϣֻܼ
һ֮ӿ϶֮УӻڣӿһɱƣȻ϶֮УſʼջӶ˫֣ŷ϶ȼյ
ͬʱΧʱգҲһЩںϣǻӵбԴſ˲¡
Ȼ֮УҶȵıԴ֮Ҳǿѣ˻ΪӵоԴʮٵ
ڲɱУУҪĥԼͨ򵥵ذ˽ᡣ
֨֨
϶֮УȼգǼӵͷŵȻ󣬷϶֨֨ȼ
˼̿ȥ˵뻪ıԴͨϣչֳЧ϶ķʣȼգڻֵҽҺ״̬
Һ岻ϳ֣Уĵȴӵ
ÿˣð麹ɣÿ˵ɫЩƣ֮١
˻˻
һ¹ȥ϶ΪȼաҽϪ˫غһʣʣںһʧҽʼ̣ʱ䣬ͳΪ޺ɫκκۼ
ںΪһ½
һ£ɲǧ֮һ
ƣˣδϢʼжϣںϼ϶֮С
ʦ𣬴ҵŬٶȿЩҶ޷ţ
ʱ֮ϣ˸Ӱֶ
˵Цݡ
ӵбԴֻ֮Ϊ㣬ˣǿ󣬸պֲһ㣬һպֲȱݣͨЧҲοѡ
ǵӣҲ޷̶ֳȣ
ǫ飬ʣܳģûжˣҲ˻̫ʼǿ󣬲ΪţΪӵֻߣȻֻ߲ͨߣҲӵֻߣ޷ӵеƣ̫ʼͬ߶ȣԶѹ㣬ʱʱ̸̿ӦĴڣǰ׼Ԫ񹥻Ҳܣ
ӻŬģĿꡭԽ̫ʼ
Ϊ̫ʼǰĸ߶ȣ㽫ףΪλ̫ʼδȫֵԭˡ
۶˵Ƴ·ƺ˲ͿԿ͸ռ䣺ǲõˣʱ䣬ú뾳ǿ½磬ԴԵŵڰаҲЩǰڰæ
ȥ
ɫһʩ֮һͷ½ʱա
̫ʼֻߣΪҪȥ磿ֳ˲¹ͷˣ㣬Ǿû˼ֵذֻߣһ۷̤ʯ
ͣƬ̣ĬĬطϿա
ͣ
ռеĴ½һƬ棬ϵڷȼգֹԫġҶȣ·ɮ붨һֱۣԶشӿ뻪ڡ
ֻлһˣһδνӡ߶ͨڻһ϶
ԼĵֻԼȥѰҡ
붨Ҷȣڲ¯Զȼţһδڴ߶ա½Ҳڲϵת
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼգһֱȼգڲϵѭ
ѭҲѭ֮飬ΪʼһĪͬѭ
ȫͷųȥѭڳһ֪жòܽҶϣҪΪУоͻȻЩʵ֮ǰȥѰңǰƮ졣
ѭ֮Уһ·һţͨѭͨ
ʿˣѰ̣һδεѭϰѵͼų⣬ͨѭոӸ߼
Ҳڲѭһδ飬һδεͻƣڲϵ׳󣬽ϴ񣬱ҪõϿɣգΪͬһ㣬治ĵز
Ǳǡ
Լߵ·ͨһš
ѭػ磬һδεر仯ϣֵЩϣ
ͨУϵشƣȻҵԽ֮ţǵĳ
ԽԽ׵ʲôӷ絽ɽ磬δ˽Լĵʲôģ
Ҷȴ߶ͨУĿա½𵤣Ž𵤣ڲѭѭһҵĲʵǵĳֻܿΪڵ֮УδƮģˣҵĵҲ޷
أ
붨ҶȣֹԫģͻȻռһ𶯣÷׷ۣ
һѪֿ·ԭҪںϵķ϶Ȼʮȥġ
ԻΪ
УˣϣڸԼѹҲڸҶˣ޴ս
ԣ뵽һ㣬˶δȥֹ𣬷ϻ𣬼ӿͷһ챻ա
ʵҵĲ񷷨з򣬱̺ʿѭܣֻǵʱ޷뵽ô࣡
ĵ࣬Ҷȵ˼Ȼֹˮͷ˼뵽෽棬嶼ΧŲ
컯ȭһֱͣڵʽңʽ֪ʲôʱܽ١ˣ컯ȭ̫ҵڣֻƤëﵽ޷ѧģȻȻɣ
ǰеķںϣǱз
ֹ򡢶ɷ˲Ϣз򡭡ͨУҶԼķϲԱøƣʱҶƺʲôȻȻϲһЦ̫ħֲãܾʲôҰѷϣγĲ񷷨򣡡
һսҶȶ£ķ̫ħһʮķҶȷǿۺ̫ħ֮¡


1561 ˫
԰ҵķҵһжƿʲô򣬴µĶȻķ棡
ڣһ޴ѹأҶھǱȻ֮࣬ǰӵԣа֮塣
ȻƿҪֱǰ
Ҷ̷ѳһܷƲ¯Ҫ־߶򣬽֮УƯ̫һС
žž
УһδεشƷһɹֹ⣬ϱͷž˵գֻΪ״̬
Ҷյķ
ѭģѭеֱб˰
Ҷ֮ǰģյУȻĺȻһЦȻѭģôؾһѭ״̬ڣӵ˹ڰôصıԴǹǺڰҵĵ˵ǽںڰѭ֮ϣ
ħͬԴʵҲǹڰһ࣬ϧǴеӵʮ٣ںϹڰںϵ硭ʵѾʼӽص
ԺУһθֵĳȻ䣬˫ۣʶػӶȻǰ̬򣬺Ȼأγ֣ؿʼ׷Ҹϡ
̫ħ
һķ뵽ҶȵǱʶ֮Уһֻ
ʱγֵķȻ̬ҶǱʶػΪһ׶೤
Ȼз򣬳ΪԲι켣ϵ׷ϣȻҶ뵽ѭһжѭ
ǺΧֶС
㣬ʼζϵѭĿУȥȫҶĵչֳ̬ڵȻں֮󣬲ϵѭʱʱ̶̿еΪѭģȻ̺ǿ
µķǲķ򡭡
ҶȼؿȺһ˵ļԼõĶи֣񷷨ԼͽС˫㡯
̺˲ľ裬ôҶԼ׷յ㣬ϣҵͨﵽеıߡ
˫ﵽ˲˼ĵزʽ̫ħ࣬ҵĴ˫㣬ֻҪĵطͿԲ˫㣬̫ħʣʵ壬ܵ
˫㣡
Ӵ֮ҶУԼ
̫޼˻ȻʼգҶǲҲϣɾ͸С
ڣҶͨ˫㣬ǾǾ޴ĳɾˣͨԼĵԼ
˫µֻҶһˡ
ʧˣҶȵعԪ󣬿ܷȻʼڸ¯Ҷʱ˺½ֹȥʮꡣ
æµ˶ʮꡣ
ʱҶȷֻԼȻǾ壬ֹԫĶƣ޷˵ĵزʮ꣬ͣȫʱʱ̿УǰҲֲ֧ס
ˣˡ
һƱ֮ǰǿ˼УջģеĴ½Ѿ֮ȫںϣȥ̫ˣһ½ġ
߶ԽԽˣֱϰ϶֮У֮һξͿںϡ
֣ҶȻʼƴ˫㣬ҸطһԴ˫µѪڡ
Ǽȥ
Ȼ䣬һ𣬰Χ½
˼һĻ½ֱҲﵽʮ޽֮أ˾룬˴߶ͨɻͷ𣬰Χ½
ˣҪһЩ̬ıһ£ŵ̫࣬ÿռ䣬Ҫõģ
еĵط£ǹ·壬ֻʯ״ȷ޷ʺϿٶһκ
һΣҪȼյģ½
ÿˣվߣ߶Լ뻪֮У˫ֲϴһӡһҪıεĵ֮С
һ̣Ҫÿ۵ýѣҶȳ˷ӡ̫һȫһգȻҪ⡣
һͿԽҶôģȴҲûй˼ɣͷе

½֮Уƣȵˣϯڰա
£ͻȻӡ棬ȫʧˣҲջ˫֣һ¡
˲麹
ǣˣ
û˵ȻֻǶݵĶʮ꣬˵ǧ֮ãĴƣԶ
ǽ⵹࣬ҺúϢҪżȻȷˣһ֪ͨʦǷֲʲôԴȻſʼҸȥϢʱüǹһ
ڴ˼žգĴӣֳһϡ
Ǹóȥһˣʦܣʦãһֹԫվȭ֮󣬷Զ
ȻġҲ뿪Ҷݱ𣬷ɳʱգУһƬǷʵķ籩ʱС
д˫㣬
ûʩչκ󷨣Լʵ޽֮صȻѾ޷ɾ޴вȻѼȻ
߶¯޽֮Ҳóӡ֮ʼá
ĵڰĲ
֮ﵽ˱״̬վһʮɾ޴ķ֮ǰ˫һ֣ΧֱһƬȺ
ȺСܿ죬ͳΪ㣬˫㣡
ٿ
˫㣬һ㣬ϢʣȻֱײ֮ϡ
䡭
ҶҲ㿴ԼĿǰ
˫ÿһײʣʷըʳһ󶴣ײ֮ʾȫըΪ볾
˴ʣιҲգ۹򣬱㳹ˣʵӲȣ̣ﵽ߶ȣֻι顣
ôҶȴ߶˫㣬ǿնɱһİ
֮£ֻҪ־޽У٣Ϳնɱľͷκ٣ҶնɱǸոսĴڣҲնɱ
һ˽⣬Ȼʶ˰֪Ĳ࣬ʵаգֲŲǿߣ濹⣬նɱҲлġ
ʵһδԾڳԽ˶٣ﵽż
շֶû뵽ҪսĶ죬˿ɱΪˣҲжԸ취
һǿĵˣ֪ʲôʱ٣ʵֽһȻ˫ȭգο϶ϻص̫Ҵ½ȡ˵Ķɽ֮ȻȥɽʱգѰû٣
Ȼʵ޷죬ֻһ㣬ͻƣȻǿˣУĳ롣
ûǣڴĵõģҪͨҵĴڡ
ˣȸʦкõʱҶģ
Ҷ˾һȻʼͷԼϢ


1562 ʱ
һٷ˲Ϣָһա
ҶȵϢͷųԼʮȥٷ޽֮˷ƿշץסٷԳơն졢ľ쳡۳ƹԼٻ
ٻٷݣʺ򣬻ἰɽһЩ仯
ٻѾķӡʵѾﵽ۷壬ӵжʵ̾Ҫӭ١ǱʦģΪҪĿ죡
οο
ٻΨһյĵӣ˴䣬ֵõҶȵΪѪߣӵʮٵΪʵȻһһ䡣
ϸһһػӡڷڣٴͷųȥ
磬ʱھɽʮңԶķλȻʱջҪԶһٶȣҲֻҪǰµʮ£
СǧȻҶ˵ȥʱգȽرϸԪ֮ʱɽŲϵʱգ⵽˼Ԫ𣬶ʱոպһ˼Ԫ֮ʱգ
Ԫ𣬲ɽһͬǵ𣿡
ճģɽ磬ÿʱմڵλòͬͬܵĻ֮ҲͬʱճܵܵԪӰ죬΢ˣʱյԪȻǳ磬ҲΪ֣Ϊѡʱˣ
ԭˡҲһȻ棬ɣȥ̫Ҵ½
ಣ
ǳ⻷̰ҶȣҲҶͷţϣգƿնȥ
һ

Ťʱ̫Ҵ½ϷҶǳ֮⣬ȻԵõ߳Ȼһӡɢʱգһʥǡ
ʥߵĹ
ĴԪаʡĿֶپͷʮٸ֣ʼ۹ǰͬʱҶҲӸ߿˲乪ӭȻǿ߶ˡ
ʮ١Ѿ޽֮أһȻȲˣǿȵġ
ͷԼĽ𵤣طӡ֮һڵ֮ǿʱ䣬ͻƸԵľ磡
ڣԻġԪаʡĿֶΪףɾ״ۡͭƻǧơ۵Ϊһڶ٣ͷųƣӻʥǣڽǿ
ҶվϷͷѹ˫һϣжٸ֣׷׾ϲؽ⿪ӡͷŽ𵤡ڵ֮
֮˵һ޷Ĩȥʡ
ٵĶǿߣ֮£ǻȾ֣Ҳмܣ޷̤ձ֮ɡ
˾ǵ֮ĸˣ
иͷŵ֮ٵʱѹϵطڣҶȶЩð亹ʮٵһڣٳ٣ǺεȵĻ
̫ƻ׷ħְ񣬶֮¡
߶֮ͳͳӡڿɲǱʱ
¡
ո֮ͻأģ̫Ҵ½Ϸһɺ¡¡ı֮ţһж٣ɫ
˶٣һڡ
Ǻ塭
һգҶȳ̫Ҵ½߿գ֮գҶճ˹ڵ٣ھ£
ҲҪˡٻҲͻƣˣҲڽʱһһ١
Ҷ٣Ҷ˵ް⣬Լɵģڷ磬һΣ־̤١
ҶٻӵҶȷǷûҶǿǣ󴫳УóҶȾ޴ѹ԰ǵĽٶȣҪҶȣʵԶҲ޷׷Ҷȡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶԶ̫ľĪȻҶҶˣһһ֮ϣΪҶһѺ
֮Уɾ̤ٵģҶԺˣô̫Ҵ½ʵ̤ɽһ
ͻͻͻ
硢ꡢ׵ȵȣһѹѹķ籩֮УǾ޴磬׹䡣
Ҳڴʱĵȶ٣ò˺෴·Щδٵˣ˿ûӰ죬Ϊ٣١
ҶȲδа֣Ҷ뷨ÿ˶ԼŬϰ
ͣ
٣ѹҶϣ׷߽⣬ƾҪ֮£̫ˣҶڣȼճҫ۵ʼȼգʼԿ
̫Ҵ½һ̣Ҳ𶯣
ٿ
˵ģֹͣ
ֻǰʱȻ籩٣ɢȥϢҲʧˣҶһۣյýڣͷҲ࣬ƤӤĹۣ״̬һ»صʮꡣ
Ҳɹ̤һ٣ΪɽǿһԱ
һĻ˶ˣһҶȣ֪ʲôʱѾȥ
ɽ磡
ɽܴˣﵽĸ߶ȣʩչǧͼδߵͷԹţҲûˣԳΪɽˣһˣôܳΪɽˣ
󣬶ܡ
ʮ
һƬšľֹգƬ磬һΪ
ʲôûһ˿ȫ޽֮أ޽֮ΣҲ̺һЩ
ҶȱɾֹɫʱնΣӴʮ־㵣ΪƬʱնΣǰʱա
ȥǰ޾ĻɫʱնΣ·ɽľͷǰʲôʱա
磬ǼԪʱĻСǧֳ¶ǿɰͷΪҶȽǰʱնΡ
仰Ҷʱ˫ۣЩţǼԪ
ţɽһʧļԪ

ľҵܵǰʱնΣĳ㣬˵һ֡
Ԫʲôӡ
ڽӴᵽһ㡣
Ԫ䣬ʵһĨɱḶ́ǰЩʱնΣްʣɽ磬ǣô飬κ棿

Ҫûֻл𣬶ɽ絽˼Ԫ֮ĩӭĿʱڣ޷٣ۺҲѹڣ
Ԫ֮ʱή˺ѣ׵ȵȣЩȻɽ磬Һɽ֮еʱգλòͬҲ⣬Ȼµɱ֣Ҳ壬˻Ҳϣܻܾͥǰҵʱֵطʲô
СǧҲЩ꣬䣬ò˿
ֺοҶȣ
Ҷȵģڷ̫ˣȻ̫ˣ𰡣飬ѵһʤ̭̭
̫пˣɽ粻ж٣аҲͨˣ緲ķˣʲôʲôеۣмԪĻ
ڣҶȿʼɣǷֻأǷеѭƱж񱨣ض飬ǷһУۣ飬ܰװ׿ţ
оɾֹļԪҵʱգļԪ˰ʱڣܷʱյˣ²࣬ȴҲǸȴԸʱգʱУСǧֵ
ǽȥɣҶȴ޷ֹ飬ûʩչǧͼʼշС


1563 
ӴԪҶкܴ𺳣ҲһĴĸĸԶ
Ȼ޷޷ͷų֮⡭
ڼԪʱնУҶȸоأǱģġ
ӿµǣȻ޷չΪʱǺκֹ״ֻ̬ܿطУڵľƿʱա
ɽ綼ʱգô߶Զѹڣһʲôã
һĻ桢籩ףһУǰҲ˲䡣
ߣÿ˵޵ģҶȣһֱȥľΪʱǺģ޷Ϊ޷
գ˻ľĵҩãԼȥҲͥĹ˼Ԫ䡣
ǬдͨԪĵһˣȻʱڵһԪͨķʽֳŴŵԪ
ΪҵĴУôԽǿ󣬸оԽɲ⡭
ڼԪ֮лУҶȵ亹ϵֱðԺһˣһɹֿʱڵ
Ǭ
ҶȴʱһԳЦԼĿ⡣
ΪǬ칬֮ѹһߣȻǿԳԽ
񰡣ǬѹôǬȻжԿҲֲ֡
վԽߣԽԶȻûдҶʵǿҲԽͷĲࡣ
ţ
㻺˰죬ǧ룬ȻһɹϵʱգǰǾʱգ
Сǧ𣺡磬ʵ̫˶ɹƬʱգֻһŶʩչߣǿڰʱڷɹᳬԽ񣬰ڼԪ֮£ûκƣߣռûҲԼԦ
ֻǵõ˼ͷߵȫ壬Ҳģﵽǰٶȣ
ߣҶӵˣ޷ӵедߣߣֻһ΢ϧʣǶȫ塣
򣬵ն졢֣ߵ޷
ʱԽԽҶȵ飬ƽСǧִ磬ʱ䣬ΪҸʱգΪĹ
ţǵģȽҴﵽǰĸ߶ȣΪѰõʱգõϢ
Сǧ飬ҶȻ⼸֣Ȼ߶ȼڵڼԪʱлС
ಣ
ڣͨԼŬҶʱǰȻһС
ˣԺˣȻӿ죬о˴󲡣ͻȻͻָ
ǰһƬϵ磬ͥʱգеһȣֻûôҶƯգͷӦ𽥵طʱգʮ־޴ȷ棬һ㣬ͥࡣ
ֻǣûжٵϢʱգȻһ֮أȴûжС
ҶշУ׼ӦһȻóʩչ龻֣Ѱڡ
ôǼԪʱգ
ҶѽʱٽһЩʱ룬Ѱȴĺɫռ䣬һѰѴ󵶣ʱգʱ֮Уγһɫʱղ㡣
Сǧ͵磬ǼԪʱһЩʱգʱգԪ֮Ҳ͸޷ʧģȻ޷⣬ҲЩܣ
Ԫǿ¡
һʱգڻʱǼ̵ģģԽһδμԪ𣬲ֻмٵˣԴ
֨֨
УǰһƬ嫵ɭ֣̫ϣĹԼǧɣһֻȻзɳҶתɭ֡
⵹δҶȸе֣壬Ҷ΢΢һЦɭֻ壬ҲˣҶȿʼͷŸӦ
Ȼˡ
ӦոͷųȥҶȾͷɭˣǶ٣٣һǶ٣Ǳڰƺʲôж
Ҷ΢΢һպջظӦȴһŮӼ֮ͣǰֻС
ǱˡǸŮӣ΢΢ػף¶һ˫ͫҶˣ˵ʲôԽɳɭ֡
ಣ
ٿȻŮҶǰץһ񽣣Ҳᡮ֮顯
ֻǸպ·ʲôͳˣû뵽ʱռĵһˣǸŮӣǸԼɱŮӡ
ʱҶְַ˫ͫҲŰ׹⣬ٿŮӣ˫ͫҲ˸â
㲻ʱյˣ߰ɣŮӿзǷͨջ񽣣Ҳʧˡ
ҶҲ˿˵أϾͽ𣺡ţĪвٵˣ
಻٣ԼʮɣȻʱеԭסˣҲ˶ѣ
ˣ
ߣɲҪСǣȻֻǼˡҲһЩߴĿǰֻжʮˣ϶˽룬ԼҲ֪ʱֻɽһǣڵ磬ɽ磬ĸ֣ԭסˣһ룬Ƕ٣񡭡ҲһЩǵʵɵЩߣ
˵ŮȻĮϣһЦݣǧҪǣԭסˣ޷뿪
ҶȽ͵лѣڹż֮ϣʱڣѾµģܲܵõһЩʱϸԪʹڵģȻıȻֻõܵõģ
ǡӡ٣οÿߣԭס˵ΣһҪΪǹѹ㣬ûңʱΧǿߣ·һŮҽܣȻȻ䡣
Ҷȣлչˣ
ӣҪΪԼĵˣҶЦЦ㰲
ȸңǧҪһ㶯Ϊ̫ˣڣʲô㲻ϣ
ͷһƿסҶڵʱգǸҶȵϢҲҶ¡
ಣ
һҶȷɭ֡
գ棬ǰӣһ٣һǶ٣꣬ʮӢ
ӣӸ£ƳһҶȣһ䣺ƣߣĺܺãֲ֪ߵغߣΪ˶ƻǼƻ鷳ˣ֮飬ǱõȺһܴ꣬ᣡ
һ꣬Ϊһ鱦
Ҳ£ӵһҶȣȻӣԻһȻҶȣ
˶ԻȻϸӲҶȵĶ䣬ߡ
ӣΪٰסһ꣬ΪӢ뾪ӹϵǳһ㡣
һ˾һƬأڲݶǰĴƳ˼ۣ¡
ҶȱһԣȻھӵƿ֮Уٰ׳֮Ӧþʮ֮ڣ꣬ʱʱ̶̿ڵģ¹ùáˣҲע֮ˣ˫Ħ
¹ùǴˣʵҲಮ٣Ϊ֮飬ߣĦ˵˭ܵõ˭ģʱõˣ¹ùãҲòߣӢ˵


1564 ֮
ۣҶȺȻ𴥶ʱաʱ˿̣ɽ磬ڸı֣ƱǨԶһ֮أ
֮Ծ֮ӵ֮һͬУ֮ô񣬸һ
ӿٰסӢ˵Ǻ¹ùãҲܺˣ
Ϊʵôܺˣٰͫȼռ
Ǿµĺ¹ùãһ񡭡ʱ棬ΪȻҲİ񡭡
Ҷһ˽ʱվ棺̫һƣǲ֪ҵĵϸôǧͼǿԳ䲻ĶߣΪֻҪõұͷ֮Σһһ٣κΰκβң
˶ڱչأȴ
Ҷȷ֣ӼͷİʼնΧһһ
ӺͨЩƣԼߣģǾӿġ
ףΪܱӷˡ
ΪȷֶҲͷѰϢ
죬ҶۣҲϢǿߣȻעصĶ̴߶龻֣ȡϢȻŻ龻֣΢΢תҶȲŪ󶯾ֻ
֮
ȻϢ֮УͺãֻҪʱգˣ뾪ӵ˷ֿٺúȥѰ
ҶչЦݣĿģΪܸӦˣ뿪֮ȥ
õͷʮٵ֮٣ǿжɽ٣ʮþȵ¡
٣ֲޱȣϵӡ֮ҶѾаգɹ١
һ˿
ĸӦߵҶۣǰأںĿռڣ֪ʲô
ϴ߶ߣϵذϸϸ
ǾӡٰסӢˣ֮鲻ǰҪ͵Ϯ֮飡
ٺ٣˼ǵõ֮飬׸ùãùñȻΪǻ֮
һһOO@@
֣Ƕ٣
Ȼǡ¹ùáǿߣ
˫ذ
˼ˡ֮飬Ҳ֪ʲô鱦ôȥעǶá
κζҶ֮У˵ʣǳ֣û֣õ֮飬˵̽ȡ
緢ٷᵽһϢ⡭׷ħȻ̫ƻѾ𽥳Ϊɽ̫ƻ׷ħ򣬲֪жٰ񡢾ͷ룡
ȴУҶȱھ֮УܸʵҲڵȴ֮ͷһٷعעʮɽ仯
ӽٷУ̺ϢеԾ
׷ħ̫ƻӱϿȥûʲôǰ׷ħ汳зħǬҶȾ;£ˡ
Ǭйϵ£ĻС£
½¼ȥʮ꣬ɽ˵ʮ겻ʲôպ½Ļɢʱ䡣
δʱջȥɽıˡ
ͣ
֮
һȼյ˺Ȼӵص֮±һ𶯡
֮ˣ
ӡٰסӢͻͻͻط𣬾һӡҶ֮У·һѹҶȣ˷Ͽա
һ⣬·ʼȼնؿʼڻȻԽĴۣ˰ΧڻΧ׼Ի֮£Ҫֵıѹ
֣
ͬʱӰӸӸߵɭֿռ䣬ͷųһ⣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣ·˳֡
ߣϵǻ֮飡
ٰײ֪ʲôʱ򣬵һϵķ
䣡
ײʱըռ䣬ʼѣҲûˣٰסӡӢˣûͷһѿռ֮С

֣Ǳռɳˣ޵ҧгݣٰ׸ղŴķˡ
һٰ꣬ףɱ⻹ɱ⣺ٰף㾹Ȼðѹ׵ķͷţ
кǣҵãۣ֮ȷֵģҪΪź¹ùã·ᱦ㻹ʸ˶ʲôٰ׵ղмЦ
ٰףٵ⣬Ϊˣû׼ɣ㻹жٸղַٺ٣ΪרŶԸ㣬Ѫģ֣
˵꣬˫һ֣ͻȻץһ䰵ɫĻ䣬Ƭ̴߶仨䣬ƾʧȻھӡٰסӢᷨӡ֮ʣһ䳤仨Ŀռ䣬ͻȻƴ죬ҧס
һ仨̬Ŀռ䣬˳׷ӡס
ӻ֮УͷųŨԣԭĻ䣬һ
ȷһ˼ԶҶȻ߿ս˿ûȤڵȴ֮֡

۴Ĵֳ֣һƬ꣬ЦݣȻʼ߶꣬·Ҫ˳նɱ
ڴʱٰͻȻ˫һᡣ
𣡡
ռ֮⣬һٰףֳֳһ񵶣˲ݺݵڻռ֮ϡ
䣡
һռˣֶʱͷͨ⹥ס֡
˫ʼɱ
ͣ
ɱ˰ʱռƣΧˣȻΪ𺣵·һɷڵĻ档
ಣ
һƴȼʯ㣬͸Ļɫʯ飬ӻ
ҵģ
˫ɫʯ飬ܲץȥ
ٰסӡӢҲȡ֮飿ΰɣĴ֣սͬӡһˣǰƣƵģˡ
¡
ֻܷ˰ƣ飬Ҳ³Ѫһһɡ
ಣ
ӡٰסӢ֮֮飬Ȼãϧһ޵֮飬˻عҪȡ֮飬ֻһƬܴܵĶĿ档
֮ƺȥȥɱˣȥѰң֣Է֮С
֪֮飬ͱһ˵õˡ
֪õĸ֡
ӡɫģҲɱ㣬Ҳɱ㣬ˡҪúһ
ɭӱֺ޷߶һ֣Ѿ׷ɱӣħצץȥ
ž
󷽣һӰ˺һģ˾ȥʶ׹ȥӰȾӷ˲ڵĿռ䣬һͬߡ
գۣ֮⣬ȻһƬɭ֡
һڡôʵռͨԭǸ֣ӳɭգո֣ŵЩ԰ףֳҶȣһš
ҶȸֶȻأʱֻɽһǣ죬ǧ磬һʱܱȵģӣҲĵˣղҲ֣֮´ӽ񣬾ͻʧȥ
ģ§ǰӣĪǻҵĶ˲ɣңҵı󣬿һİҲʱյĴףôԾĹ


1565 οյ
ж
вҶȵǺ棬شۡشۡʹô£
ƺҶ˼ɵͱˣʱĴߣ¹ùáεɲŮˣұİ񣬾ˣǰ֮УΪģһЩ񣬶ǵǲ
ˣ
ÿһˣݺʱնꣿûǧ꣬Ҳˣɱ٣ֻһ񣬰Ԫǵأϯκ嶼޷㣬Ϊţ
Ҹô죿㣿ϻȥˣȻԸңѹңǲ
㡭
ҲǸˣҶ⸱ģɲǣ״ӿʼڣΪǣԷδں
ҶȷһץʲôҲûУĳһʯ顣
֮飡ٿȻվ𾪣ȻȻܴô֮Уõ֮飿
ҶȺˣĿ⿪ʼ˸´ӣ£֮£Уûʲôܣӣͻжˣ
꣬ڵ٣ܹ꣡
̤꣬۷壿ȷţɽ磬ҲǾ̤֮񡭡Ҫٸꣿ
л˵
֮飬ǲõ𣿡ȻҶ֪ǿֶΣŮӣֶγκӡ
ӹ˻֮顣
Ȼ飬һֱ֮Щͷˣؽɴ˵ɣʲôҪҵ𣿲ǲԣ֮ңҲſҵӣ
ӣ
⵹ҶȣӶۣ˼ЦǺǣɫˣĸ˼¶ͷã𣿡
ıǮӡ
£ֵͷˣһȥŮ֮µˣûһնԸʣΣ֮ܰң˵ɣǸƻˣһֱ̽ңӦÿóΪ˽κԴӦ㣡
ˡ
Ȼ֪һֱ̽㣬ҲȦӣ֮ȷǸУб֮ǿһЩıԻ֮֮飬ֻռΣΪͨʯͷҲһ֮֮󣬱̤񡣡
Ƴ˼֮飬ҶĿһӣʱգΪһΪ֪䣿ܰҵõҾͿ㣬̤񣡡
Ϣʧ࣬ȻһЦԭΪЩˣϴˣʱ׷ɱʱ˴Զȥˣŵ֪ˣҵõĻӰӣ뿪ʱգ˶֪Ĵڣ
ֻҪӦңȫҵõˣֹңҲҪһΣΣ
ã֮ϸң
ԣұԪҪõ֮飬ͷԪô죿
Ԫ񡭡ĳҪҵӣҪ֣
𣿲ְӣ㣬Ϊϣ뿴ǰҪʲôҾͲţʲôˣдڣȫΪûаɣʵڵ㣬ΪӦòһ£ҿʵδ㵱ʲôѣ
˵ˡ
ͻȻӲȻһŭŲʣͷãӦǣһˣӵѹٵʵϣһжԿҲᣬ˰ɣ
ȻǴˣ
ಣ
һҶȱǰһָüģȻ֮飬ǿдĽ𵤣һصԭأŷʲô¶δ
ٶʵˣ֮ף𲻴ӦҶȶ뷨Ը
֮顭
һȻҶƣҲԸԳõ֮飬ٰסӢǡͷǰæһ
ϴγ֣нǧʱ䣬⼸ܴ꣬ʱգ֪ټǰͷһֱҪı侲ӿҶʵ
ʱգΣյĵطҲȫģɽ磬˶õıֶΣ˿ɼͱõˣھǰȥ
Ҷ˵һҲŸȥ
ɭҶȸӦˣɭУɹɭ֣һʱķУȻһƬ޴ĺǰҶͣ˼ں֮С
ǡ
ҶԱߣ㵵ҡҡͷܣˮ棬ֻ½أǡοյ
οյղᵽʱĴߣһεĪǡĵ
˵Ļ㶼ǵãεĵκϿգһƯĿյס֮أҲǵڣ
˵żɵ㻹ǲҪȥˣȣߣΪεʵǿĺܣҼͷһո̤ľͷֻУͰѶԷնɱˣ
Сնɱͨ񣿡
ǿȻǺǿ
˵ͨһ̵նɱεʵﵽþּ𣿡
¼ҶҲ԰ʵ˴ŵ֪
ûо֣֮ԼԦԽʵԽǿ󣬲ŽģȻС絩Ҫи֣ôҶΪĿǰм߶ȡ
վײģþȻǾԭаȥǵͳ滨šˡĸ˹߾
վڸӸߵģǰٱǾ̫ƻ׷ħ桢ħ
ĿǰΪֹİ񣬳Խǵģǻ̫ʼֶۡͥۡʹߡ𡢿
ʴˣûо֮𣬵ʵĲ࣬ȴ֮
Դεʵþԭаָ߶ȣ
ȻѳԽЩײİ
˰ɣ
ӷҶȰ޶̧ͷҶڳ˼ЦҲǲ֪ߵغȰ㲻Ҫ̤οյҪʱǷǣһϵƣ£Ҳûô
¹ùáɲŮʵҲε˲ࣿҶȻعһ䡣
ɡ
ּİҵȷ޷⣬һУҿܶ޷ס
ʱɽһǣȴ࣬ȥɣ㻹ǰѵԪƣ⿪ӡûͻӾ͸˽ᡣ
ȥǺǣˣȻ޷ʵȥ񣬵ȴֶ㲻ҪΪδӴʵ㣬һ񽻹֣ǿǱεٱǽȥɣ
Ҷͷһ⣬סӣֱӴκ
㡭һ淢⣬ˡ
κĺܴ󣬷˼żϿգ֮УƯһɽƵĵ죺ӣ˵ˮߣ޷շУֻݵأյ֮еģ


1566 پ
֪żô˵ģֻܶݵأˮѨڿȻܷУȴˣ뿪̫ãʧȥ˴ؾͻݽߡ
Ҷһʣӻ޷شͨ⣺Ҳܺ棬Ϊʧڿյȷţ
һõΣգЦ𣿡
ûɻѵðɣҪСģյΧǴƣˣյΪεף٣ƣǶԸģ
ʲô
ЦЦžӷյ𽥾κԽңԶ߿գڣңԶ֮һС
ȻյΧһĽƣԼҪƣּһ󷨣ܲ͸硣
Դ
ʩչ֮ͷžԴںϣΪһɽ籾ԴտյΧȻ𽥿ơ
һ̣ӿĶ޷ŵҲʧˣ·Ժ֮Уһ
ٿ
֮ԴϵƽӴʱδ˿𶯣ֻһΣоռ˶ĸˣȻһͨǰҶȴ𾪵ľӣͨһ󷨡
㵽ʲôˣ
뻯ĿռͨһɱԴɽϿµʵĻɣҶȲһڣһ߰
ҶЦʱ̫Сˣν죬ļ
˵Ҷȣǻ̫ʼְǲ̤ˣʵѾǿ󵽱׷ħ桢̫ƻۣͥеһȡ
ߣǺˮɱ鹫ӡħӡһ٣п
жֻһǰˣ
ಣ
ʮ֮С߳һ󷨣УҶҲǰεڡ
ǰɽ壬һ죬ٲݺᣬϻľյһԴ
ûǰһҶָ֮УϢɽ룬ƯĹ֮УӦþεĵɣ
ǣѾ⿪ڡ
õģǲÿҲ¿ˣε֣һͨ֪ĶȻص磡
Ҷִžӣص磬Ȼͷ֮Ϣͷߵ
ģյˮֲĴëͳͳشݶ
һˣһ壬һǰڹ֮УˣǿߣֱɽУʱȥҶ˽Ĳࡣ
ٸ֣εӣʵǿ󣬳һЩ˵
ȻյҶ̰еľڹ֮УߵҲҪӿ򹬵
֮û˵ҶȾȴţεڹ࣬δһ
Լʮȥ֮
ҶȵĶ䣬΢΢˶ȻʹһߣپƻָΣ
лĵҩپδԹ˴׷ɱʧȥ˼Źӣ޴ȥǵҿѾгˣһ
ʵҲõ
پ֪ҲðŵΣգңģʲôٹֿ꣬ţߡııֵǳپ
Ŀ϶ʱһϵɹ
پıûУڴ֮Уκˣ޷ӵеͨκβͬҶԸӦʱգҾǱɹͷųıԴϢոıԴôҲָնˣ
ɹ֪ʲô·ǰ˵ɵеѾʧȥܴջıõģ
Ҳ֪ɹҿ԰̬㣬ʱգ˳ȹϸԪӵôżһ
á
ʱյصԨɹһһоŲ㣬Ϊ״һıȫͬɫ࣬ƷʣѾϢѾһֻڲǿҵɽ籾ԴϢҲ֪ڲѹʲô
һֵıһȡ
ϵȻֹ
εľŲ㱦
˶Իһֲ䣬Ҷʱ治ѣȷڰ˵ûжǰǿԽӵµĴڣһڰУǹκε
ͬͥľ֮ţţͷУ޷ȥ
ϧҶȼʶ̫խ²ɹ̺Դ̺ԣ֤Ĳ
ǻԱߣȻ֪
˰죬Ȼ˶
εϵӹžϲߣҵˣҵˣأǼ񵽱ˣ
𣿡
پ⣬ƺεʲôһᣬ̾ԭԭ֮ġ
ǰ˼ޱȡ
ʲô֮ɣ֮ţɽ磬Ϊϡ˴ǧͼԼһЩ˵޷һȣҶȱ˸Ӻ桢
֮ǼԪ֮ǰƶɵģһֱɵ֮УķҲǴͬʱڵķ˵֮ţÿԪУһЩɵѹһռǺȥ磬֪֮ţǼţڹ֮ͥУΪ˹ͥĵ̣
ȻȥҲ޽֮أ˵ͥ񵽴ˣȻʱգⲻǸһᣬҳԽǸ쵰ˣ
ûƭ㣬Ҳû뵽Ǿ㿴ÿһһ޴Ŀռ䣬һɽʱգ治֪жٵıֲӵɽ籾ԴϢһɽ籾Դƶɵıһõں֮˭Ķ֣
ããĻ
ε̾䱦
Ȼɽ籦ͥܶԪƽ٣˵֮йء
ҶȰţɽرʱգΪ̫Ҵ½ĵ̷ôˣ˻þ޴ңҲڣо̫Ҵ½Ҳвһ򲽣ûа취ȥҲžɹԪ䣬ȥ¸Ԫ
һҪõѪڡ
ʲôֵ˵ģӼҶ̲ס͵Цʵ
ûʲôǿһҪȥһŰˣӣҲԵǺúңδزԣΪʱյͳߣ
Ϊͳߣ㲻ҪЦˣڻûа취̤񣬾̤Ҳ޷йĴͷһЩԳ
Ȼ֪Լĵӡ
Σ˭
ʵʮֲп顣
ξһܴĻ㣬ң˵ڤڤ֮עģڶδԹ٣ʧȥϣ˵㣿
ҶȲ֪ô˵ãȻãлģÿˣƽȵģͬģǸ˶ڻ֪հˡ


1567 
ֻĿԴҲЩģü⣬˸ź档
ҶȼͷߵϸϸŹһһ
죬ûʲô
һ¹ȥƺε׼ʲôȻһ𣺡پȥص̽ףǧҪ뿪
ﶼȥãԵúΡ
εҪȥѰҾȷ˵١ҶͻȻƿؾӣȶԷӦʹӽ֮УϢ˳
յ߿գһ֮⣬ҶúҪεȥȷϱڣ
ӵͷҶһȥ
߿գصκΧҶȵ˲ʱͼһīߣɢųɳյε
˿ʮ£Ҷȼһۣ͸оԭаþȻಮ٣һ񣬵ĸְвٲࡣ
εһݵգȧ̺˲ԪΪɳյӦһΧȻϢٷʱ
ҶʩչԪڰǰͷֶͨΣ˿⣬ͱ룬õ
ɽɭַ֣ɹһƬĲԭʱѾʱսλá
ȻεһƬƸݣɫĿռ
ȻǡԪγɵĿռ䡣
ɫռ䣬С˰֮㣬εżɵԥ£ǲС
ţֻСܵٶȣڻɫռڷУڼԪ֮ռڣѾܿˣ٣ֻߡ
ϼһǰ񡭡ҶȽڲõıε֣ΪԪ֮ռ䣬ûεĸӦ޷ͷųȥֻҪ̫û⡣
ҶȵٶȣȻһΪҶʩչߵ
ʩչߣٶȣε࣬û˿ƣȻҪᱦǾͱгԽԷֶΡ
Ԫ֮ռ䣬˵ֱˮ춼ڰңҵٶȳһһȡҾͿԷռ䣬պÿԿƣסȻ˳ߣ
ҶȴЦݣޱģߣдǧͼֻҪ˦֮ϣͿôǧͼߣֻпβӰΡ
һСʱ
δԪ֮ռ룬εͣ·һԪ֮ѷռ䣬ǺܴѷռĿȣֻʮɣεԥһ󣬻ȻԾѷռ䣬³
Ԫ֮ٴЩ»ʱգֱءҶֳȲεԾ£󣬱һ롣
˺ѿռ䣬أҶε½ףȻ䣬Ԫ֮Ϣ࣬Ȼţãһϵ¿ռ磬ˡ
ռ粢ǺܴԪ֮ȴϷռôѹˣεȴ粽УΪ磬ȴһϵĽ磬סˡ
ȻкǿҵķϢ˵˵ģģ̫ˣⲻңԶȡĻ𣿡
󷽣ҶЦţС۾Ĺâ֪ж⡣
û뵽Ͻ磬˵ǿ󡭡һʱ޷ƿҵһʮǿķ˺磡
ԣԿϽ磬ؼεֲȫʩչһʩչȻ𶯣ôʱİ˲Ӧ
ֻܲĵ뿪ˡ
Ҷ˰죬죬ȷûˣһܷǱѷռϷκζһ˶ȡˡ
𣿡
ŪһУҶϽǰоʮСΪ̫ˣʵȷСŴƲֶܵΡ
Դ
һɹɾԴͷųȻͷϾԴʱﵽһ֣ɽͬԴĸо
ǰ磬Լһֻ֣ӡסȥ·⣬Ҷ˫ֻ磬Ȼûκδ˫ֽ磬ͷ򣬰ӡһһ룬ƽ֮˫Ҳ硣
ಣ
ȻȻģԴϣȫһֱԴԴɵϣʹҶȿԽκεĽ֮УˣɵĽ磬󷨡

磬ҶǰͳֹϿƶѨĵ棬ķʮƽ̹ƺʲôƣǿɵģ룬ҶȾͼһ𺳵ľرԼʮɣڵ֮С
̧ͷ˵һģһҴڲͷųǿɽ籾Դ֮ľ
·ȥѡ
ȻˡҵĽ֮ڡ
Ҷȸ뾡õǣһϵӾڲ
磬飬ܹˣмԪСģʵѾ󣡡
СǧȻ˵
Ǿ͸˼ˣ֤ԪǺһ
һ飬Сǧתǿ̫̫࣬ƻ׷ħ涼Ķ֣̫ʼܡ
Ƕ
˵ˣ࣬Сԭܽҵ磬ΪڣںľԴõʲôСںϾԴԴɽľĸգ˵΢ϵ
Ҷȵҵȷں˾ԴΪӵߵѪռңռһ֣ôȻӵһ
ߣԭߣĻʣһ壬ֲˣǻ磬磬ֲãֲã࣬õң
ȻǿɵԴӵɵ־ӡʲô壿壬ػɽɣ
ø࣬˵ıԶԣԭ˵ܽӵеõҵʸ񣬵ʵ̫СˣͨҵĿ飬ңͨǲ˼һ뿪
ʲô飿ɲҪԶҳ֣Ҳʵ飿⵹δҶж⣬ϾֱӵҵʶܻѡΪˡ
ȻЦýƻ࣬ʲôڣʵǴﵽ٣Խĸ߶ȣ
˵Ϊ
˵ʵ
ðɣȻˣͲܰװ뿪Ǻƭģϼһ˾
ֻܣ
һỮһȦȦҵһ壬ﵽʵ壬Ϳң
ڵʵ
¿ɺãҶɫ΢΢һȻϣſȰǴδոǿ߽֡
ԣ飬һ޷ѹء
ǳ˼ҶҲóսսҲսԼļ£Ҫܲѹͨİ񡭡
Ҷ˫Ŀһᣬ졣
Сӣɣ
Ȼ䣬֮Уһɹ⣬һӰҶȵǰȻǵջ˸ȦȦ
ʲôȦȦһǿ磬Ȼֳһߡ
ߣεõЦɣӵҶʶһǿߣͿߵģҵǲõģͻȻɱˣ
ϵس£ȻɣƴĲõȦȦ֮С


1568 Ϊ
һȦȦԽκ٣
ɽ۷ֶΡ
ҶȽУоһޱȳصѹӽͷŶһƳǰ壬Էֻ飬ͷų壬ѾﵽҶȵ߷塣
ŵ˵ˣͨ飬ˣڸԹأҪʵ
֮
Ȼǿ飬ҶȾ˼ɣһǿԪ񣬴߶֮Χһ޽ߺݺնȥ
ƣ
̬ͻȻΪ̬һתһ磬޽ͳͳ÷顣
ʵѾ̬ͨʵֻͷ̫޼˻ףֶΡˣͷ칬ͥǿߣ
˲䣬Ҷȴ߶֮ڿռ䣬ͻȻײڿռ䣬Ȼһ֧֮ǹӿռײ֮УٿȻ̹
أ
׵ſƣһȭ֮ǹסָһ֮ǹͱ÷顣
Ҷͷųһ𣬹ߡ
߸й١ʵҶ֮ϣһδ׾ͻҶ
ȻҶȣˣʵӡڣʲôɵģڱĽͷκΪѹƬϢ
𣿡
ҶһͷԼǿ
ߵͷȻͲɽıԴɽҵ磬ԣҲѹƣǰҲԷɽ磬ɵΪ磬ɵ˿ֵҲûУ
Ǿ̫ˣʥǹ
˫һ֣ȻһӡʱʼʧһɹʼҶϱ
ôӵбȱҪʥϢɽģǳԽɽĸ
߾˫ۣһͷŹ⻷Ҷȡ
Ҷȿûлشгóʥǹһȭһ̫⣬ͬշŭϯȥ
ٿ
ʥǹߡ
죡
û֮ǰǸ޿֣ʥǹŹսӡϿ׹һɿµĹǾŲռ䡣
䡭
Ųռ̫ѸͣͻȻҲﵽ˲䣬ҶڵĿռ䣬һͬѹȥ
ٿ
ߺ󷽣һʥǹͻأ̳
޿ռ䣡
ҶȽԭʩչ˿ռͨ߹ȻּԦռ͵Ϯߡ

£ʥǹ磬ϧȻҶԼںˣ޼᲻ݵĹʥǹȻδߵ
һ㣬ˣʵѾﵽ񣬿ϧǿһЩҵ壬ͻˣָ߶ȣļޣܿϧҵĿ飬޷ͨģ콵
߱˵꣬Ȼ󵱿һָͼ֮ǰֲȻٴδӸ߿ս٣һУҶȿ϶ˡ
ߣ
Ųռ乥ٿ죬ȴҲߡ
ಣ
ҶȵĲӰǰգϵƣδҶȣͷһӰҲδ⣬Ͻӡ
䣡
µľŲռ䣬ҶȲϽ٣ȻֻܻвӰҲҶκοߣǷĻᡣ
ʱҶսѾﵽ˺ŵİ߶ȣļ̽磬սѾΧʣһУγһӣȻʰ飬óΪ档
컯ȭ
ܲǰ취һӣҲʧܣֻй
ʩչǿ컯ȭʽʼ
ҶҲͣһ̧ͷŲռ併٣壬̼ȫǹȻžŲռ£һʽΪ˴۵Ĺԡ
ɵͨһڣôܰ˸߶ȡѵõһĴУһߣüЩ㵡
䣡
컯ȭһʽŲռײһҶȾˣþŲռʧ࣬ȻδʧȻ̣ѹҶڲţҶʩչڶʽ졢ʽԵʽ޵Сʽ졢ʽң
һȭȭһƬ
¡
ڣȭھŲռ֮ϣˣµƬпκμʡ
ϧһοأ΢΢һҲҶͷŵͨסˡ
ڰ׾
ó䲻⣡
ҶޱߵԪ߶ˣɲǣ磬ȼյס
ǵôܣУˣҿɲܱõ
ݺڰ׾֮УƣԵȼգԪ񹥻̫죬̫ǿҲ޷ڵ£ʼ
ûᡭ޼ս˻ƣ
ͷɲǼ䣬Ҷȵ֣޼սֳ˰˻ƣߵĺ󷽣
飡
ͬͻʳɱ˫չֻӳ޼ս˻ƣɭɭߺ󱳡

߱ҶȲϹֱ÷ɳҶȲϹҪǿһ̬顣
ѵˣͬʱõ硢ĴУߣϣӿһҶȵĹնɱո̤ľͷȻ޷״ߡ
Ϣֿʼǿ
˵Ĳҵȷõ硢󴫳УҼǹĻǺڰĴû뵽޷ѹ㣬ȴĿǣ
ƿʼָҶҲˣӵкڰ׾ſµԪͨʩչѹƿռ
ôܣبδУɹԪʶȴδʶںϣѵǻߣˣԼĪҲһ壬򲻿ںϣ
ҾͲ֪ˣ֮Ҫ顭
գ
ҶȲϹԽսԽ£ʩչ޼ս˻ƣһɱʱͻȻڣһǿʢĹ⣬ȻҶȾ͸о磬Լʼѹڡ
߸ЦǱ֮ͨҿѹûܴͨ߶𣿡
ɶ񡭡
֮ʲô磿嶼һӣκ絮ģ֮޵У
ۿ֮ҪӿµҶͻȻ뵽ʲô˫һӣԽ̫⡢޼˻׵߶ˡ
̫һ
ں̫⡢޼˻׵ںʮٵҶе
˫㣡
˿̣Ҷֵ޼սʧˣֵİ˻Ҳʧһ㣬һߴСҶȵ˫֣˳ȥκҪܵ飬ͷŵ֮ѹȡ
Ǵ˫㣬Ȼʼζѭ硢ԼҶиõ
ʲôԣ̺ԣǺڰǺڰģɵ
ռ֮ߣŵ̾
ǸϹŶ󶼼ʶʲô֪ģҶͷŵĴ˫㣬ĵЩ⣬оǴ˫㱾һ֣δŵ
棬ı仯֮У̺ѭѭģѭģһжѭ˫㣬ѭޱߣ
ʼٵζ֮ʼϳѷ죬飬֮ռ䣬ͬ߹Ƶģʼѡ


1569 һ֮
ޱߡ
֮ռ䣬飬ҶȵƣѾﵽ߶ȣʵѾ˰ż
ٴηֿ˫֣ΪСʼתΧҲϵ󣬲ռݵĹԽԽ
ССĽ磬ʼӰӡ
죡
̫࣬һͷų¹
ڰ׾
ǿҶᵽˣܸͷųǿҶٴδ߶ԪޱߵȼףӿΧ
ͻͻͻ
һŲռ䣬ˣһһޱߣƣȴ֮ǰȻܵڰ׾Ӱ졣
ϣ
Ҷü̧ͷû뵽ͬȵĸ߶ȣ̬ȡ֮ġ
ţ˫㣬һؿռ䣬ϵתȥ
䣡
˫̫һҶԣʺҶʩչ̫޼˻Ȼʼ˵Ҷ޷ӡ
µľŲռ䣬Ȼתζһδεؿʼѣһһ顣
ɣ֮
ƻױȵĵͨҶͻȻɳ߸߿գֳҶȵ˫֣һɶ೤֮
ǵˣӵ˵ɵעѡˣˣĪԪߣҲҪ
̬ͻأʧΪģҶײȥ
𣡡
ʱ˿̣ҶȺ˫ۣϣ֪ʲôʱ򣬳һɲԣڰսףĽ£Ҳһڰ
ƺһ̵Ҷȣںƴص޼˻֮УȻΪ˺ڰĳͷߣɱĴڣԶŵ񻰴档
һ̤ӷҶأʩչȫӶ֮һ̣֮Уѹޱߵϡ
¡
֮ƴϣ̵ﵽĸ߶ȣ̼俪ʼ飬ըΪ
֮⣬޴ľ壬΢΢ز֮ˣͨ˿ˣҽΨһˣû뵽Ҳǣҵȴˣ
ˣ
Ҷ飬ɭɭͷĿ⣬һɨΧ¡۰Եƣ޵жȻʼӡ
ಣ
Ǻڰ׾̫⣬Ǵ˫㣬ͳͳһʧԶҶڣҶָֻ̬ͨƾһߡ

ȦȦĽ磬ҲգʧҶһֵõѪֻҪ־Ϳң
ã
ıȻзǷ֮ͬ
̴߶ԪҶȵԪ־ӿ
ˣ
ʮɸߵľȻһȻҶȵǰû󣬵壬ƺߴɣ͸أȻ󡭡ӲŵһĻˣҶȵǰƺƯŲĿռ䣬ƾǾɽ硣
ಣ
ͬʱҶȳڲ˼й֮ʱתһ£Ϊһ⣬ҶȵüģȻҶȵüģһɹʮֵƮ졣
ȻҶȻδʶ仯Ϊ־Ŀ⣬ȫڲ
Ȼһ׷ԲԵˣǰҶ΢ЦˣϲõɽϿɣԪˣ
Ҷ飬նӣ㾿ڶˣǱ˭Ƴģ
ԪԪԪˡҳ˯Ԫֱڱ˻ѣҵˣǺǣɽ籾ԴɣһƬľԴһɽ֮ϣԪ䣬ɽںϣȻԪ֮ǰʱɽļִ̬
ô˵㱾һ޴ľԴҶˣԴһֱѰҵı
ɽ絮ʱԴޱߵľԴأǨԴпʼ飬ΪƬƬ磬һʱգһ½СƬɢɽ磬ңСƬܶγɵһϴľԴȻɽֻǺγɵ飬֪ɽȥ
СǧȻҶ鲻Խ뵽˴ǧͼ
磬ţ͸ӦˣΪΪıԴˣСǧ⼤ĻӦ
ڣҶףΪоǿҵıԴϢ
ˣңһˣΪҵļɽ֮ҲںңΪǱԴ֮飬ûˣںң㲻ͬϣصԭ䣬Ҵϣо˹ޣʮּ
ԪĵȴȻǹ¼ŵġ
ǲΪ֮ǰںϹԴԭ򣿡ҶȺʵ
ǣڵľԴϢ͸ӦˣҲ޷ҵĽ֮УҲ˵ϾĴʱգ硢ɽ硢磬Ĵʱյֲ̺ͬʱգΪɽһֻܸӦ޷ޱߵ֮⣡
֮ȣ˭
֮Һƣǵ˵ǷңģҲ֮ŵ飬йԪ֮һΪ𡯵ƶɵģݣʱĹǿģǳΪǿߣΪǰɽһ̤֮ڵɽ磬һʣֻصɵ磬ķɽ֮ںϣ˾֮ţʵ֮Ųಮ٣ɽԶԶҵģǲģȴԻ𣡡
ˣ԰˵
֮ǾԷƶɵģ
ôǣôͨ
÷ɽƳΪһԶŵǿߣȷҶ
ֵڳ˯УѸо֮ţԪɹϸԪԽأҲ˸ɽ
ҶȺȻһ㶣æʵˣ֪鱦
߾ϲͷȻ֪ȵʱʱɽ磬ӵ棬Ҳ֪ʱʲôӣ鱦һѹȺħȺߣõ֮ŵƶɵģڵʱһͬƶɵģΨһϧģûжٵɽ籾Դɽ磬ǲ֮ҵģҲƣԳǣȥ磬ԳΪߵ
Ҳ˵鱦ɽһɾٻֻҪٻǿ鱦ҲΪǿģ
뵽ٻԺĳɳ޷Ԥϡ
˵һҶȼĻˣÿһһƬɽʱգһرһؾ޴мԪõɽ鱦㣬һ޴ľԴľɽҵıԴ֮֮ŵĹǿ󣬵ڿռ̫СҵľŴռ䣬ÿһռ䣬һɽʱգֻҪǴĹֵʱգ룡
һɽʱգ
ȵЦ
ⲻЦ漣ɽΰ漣
ҶȻع̲סЦ㻹ǫ鰡ɽʱգ󶼲ܣȴԣôɽ磬ǵ֮ģһ


1570 ɽ

ҡҡͷͷ̫ˣûеѪգǫһ£ҲӦģȻһʵ飬ֻԪҵļԪ֮ǰ确񸫡񹭡ⷨȵȣ
ÿһԻκʱգⷨһûĹӵ쵽磬ĹԴ飬Խ
񸫡񹭡ⷨ
δţҶһѪڣӿ죺ôܳԽ
ϵʱʱ񣬶ԷģɣһͨУﵽԽĸ߶ȣʥɣ񡭡ҲǳԽ˵ǿߣķѣɽ磬ЩϵķҲǿȥ
˵ı𣺡ˣúú˽һ£ӵеıǼԪ
д⣡˵Ҷȥˣ飬һɹһԲεķ֮ҶС
һ磬ô磬һʵɵ磡
Ϊʵ
Ҷһع磬ӳһƬʵ磬ݡľʢϵǹͥҲȲϣԭɭ֣š
ؼ֮ϣһգ
գһعͷŵĹ̺ǿҵľԴϢһعԴ
ͷŸӦƬ̼䣬ҶȾ͸ӦһعռжһʥǰǵõϿɣ޷ӦһعռС
ɿռϢŨɽ磬Ȼһ⣬ϣҺܺ桭Щޣ˶ã
ع̾ϢǵĵһԪҸոճʱɼߣɽģԪϢһعռ䣬عռ䣬ڼޣЩޣҲ˼Ԫе鱦Ҳ˼Ԫ֮ãʿ޷ãеʯﵽԽƷʯĸ߶ȣʯ֮飬ع磬д壡
ޣ
޴٣ǰǴɽȥϾܵ쿰ȹͥڵ
ҶȲЩޣǵģķֺαӵ̰
㿴ÿһƬҶӣ飬Ҳ󣡡
˴ҶȣշУһع磬˽һҶģԴ󲿷ɽ磬δֹ
һʱŰһعռ˽ţȻڶع硣
ոս룬ҶȾͷͬĴڣһա
ͷŵĹâǿʢҲŨҡ
ע⵽Ҷݾ㵣͵֣ģҵıľԴɽھع֮ƯţͷΪռҵıҲʱʱ̿ɽԴڲ磬ԶŨҵ
ΰ漣
̾ϢһҶȻǿ󣬵΢ǵֵ
ɽԪ⣡
Ȼ뵽ˣһֶٵأϧδ˽ȥȡǴȥܼԪϴΪδ֦ɢҶ
ҵУԶԶҲҪ׷ľҵõߵѪӦĴҵľ磬ôҲ䣡
һ΢΢ԵĴУҶȲ׽һЩȱҪ
շ֮عռ䣬ÿһؿռ䶼࣬һһİ꣬£޷
ֽءءءءؿռ䣬ҶˣҪĵھعռ䡣
ոս룬УһգҶڵľԴ໥Ӧ
ǾǡıԴҲ塣
չ⻷֮УһʥɽɽһΡ룬ͥɽҲһķıɽһȻںϡ
ҶõľԴǾţһë̶֥㲻ϡ
Դһ壬ɽʵϣһʵ壬ѾԽ˾Դʡ
ǰɽóȥƳɷҲȲϣ
ңɽ֮У΢Ϣ
ɽ԰ҶȻѹɽļ̣޽֮صʣ޽֮ҲɵһƬռˡ
Ҷȸ̾عѾڷɷ֮䣬󲿷ɵԴ̺һԴɵ֮ȷᲢۣ
ܿ϶Ͼɽ̫˵ʱڵôһţûбԪ𣡡
߰һõɵ磬޵УԱѹնɱɣ
һͷȻԺҶȾòʵ롣
ع˴Ҷȣ룬Խɭ֣ԽֻһعߵһƬɽ֮ϡ
ܵعռ䣬Ԫռɽؼɽ編Լ鱦ȵȣڹ棡
ҶԪѾ˹ͥ
عһ㡣
ܹϣʮִռ㹻ͨŲ㹬¥ݣΧһŵļӣһУ棬Ǹֵҩ
˽⣬Ҷȸ˽ⵤҩô涼Уֻǧ֮һڵɽֹ
¥ҲǼӣȻбУǸеľеǻ䣬Ҳеǹʵ
¥һЩֵֹʯɫۻҡ
¥¥¥¥ı̫ˣҶԼ
¥ķ֮УͣͨƷ̫ˡ
һ㣬Ҷ򿴵鼮еҲеһұڣп̻ǿ֡
ееͬѪ壬ֻһ֣Ӧǻδȫ
ЩҶȲδȥе룬̫ˣдѪԲϵزؼʮһӣ޷йġ
ⶫ˲ãҲУǡôõѡ
̫޼˻סײ֮Թ޽塢ɹЩδһһᾫ裬ֺαȥиĹ
ͽգ
ȫһɽ⡭ַ˯ԪҲűѣҵϡ
ɽĵһҶһԸǿУӦ֣һعռ䣬ܰѵͬʱգһͬ룬󣬾ǰҲҪѹ֮ڡ
˵ɵ޵еֲ޼᲻ݣ
񸫡񹭡ⷨЩˣȻлĿܡ
޵
죬ҪǰѾʹãôлĿܣҶȾͳΪˣɽˣɽ־ѡ
뿪عչһְ󷨡ͳͳ룬㣬һΪ֮߶üĴͻһǹ
˰£ҶһУ־Ҳ뿪صյĵѨռ䣬ΧδʧĽ磬ʱԺУļǵãʱĿġ


1571 ѹ

õһ٣
ҶʱգΨһĿģ
ֻûϵңԶʱգԪ֮磬õ֮ţһľ
·𣬵õɽɣΪɣһδֵ󣬾ע
ǾȥʧεپץȻҪսε£õپ̫Сˣã
ʱ˿̣Ѵӵõļ飬ָƽãȻΧ̵Ľ磬ȻһȻϡ
Ҫǣεپζ벻˽ȵǣڲƻǰ£Ȼõ˾
һҳɹҪء
ȻˣһιŴ򹷣Ŵ󿪣εپԶκΰ񣬽ˡ˺ûᣬѹһʲô¹ùáɲŮˡεĴǿߣӦñ£Ϊ̫Ҵ½µһ޷ᣬʱգѹˣҶΣЩνԭסˣͳͳѹ
룬ҶȷֳһܷȻüģӿһǹ¡һн٣ͻͻͻ£ڵ档
ͥŲһعܷ৵һ£ɳ磡
ѷռ䣬ڰգ֮ǰĿܷںϣɳѷ죬޴ļԪ֮ռ䣬Ȼٷڿռ䣬ȻȻַܱС
һʱܷοյ򸽽ҲӰ֣Ҷջϡ
Ҷȼ̽ӣĻˣȻҲҵĻᣬϻصһϢ˵һԪ֮ռ䣬صԨϹŲӡţΪ
߾ѣʧټԪˣǰϵȻǿޱȣҲ»ڼԪ֮˰ɣ
ûоԣһӣҪϢɢȥһѹĴף͵ſϷɣ
ܷ˵꣬߾ӣȻת뿪
صԨ
Ľڲڲ磡
ǧͼˣû뵽ӵ淨ʱܵȷǰ׿ԽˡɽδȻᱻȥڸǷâ
عռ֮ϣҶţǰƯһ߳ɫǳͼǴǧͼı߾һԣ̾ߡռĽϣȷɽ˶ѣһں˴Դ
ҴƳΪҵı磬꣬ʱΪڣһռ䷨
ܿ죬ҶȾͰѴǧͼڣְķһһóȻеɴԪʦ㲦Ҷкܴ
ˡ
ȥҶҲѵôһƽʱ⡣
˵ƣ΢΢һҶȵˣһ񣬴ż;У
ʱĴ֮һοԺúˣϼ㣬ͷһƣȻһعţǼѴƣɾ裬һع֮޻أ
˿ɷſģֻҪˣǰʲôͳȥˣ꣬Ҹոƶɵʱڣɽ缸Ʒһ󣬹ع޷ȥ
ѹ󣿡
Ԫ֮ǰʱȻǱ칬ػţʱи½еưԣѹַܶ꣬˳ȥ󣬲òţ󣬾ɽѣ
̫ˣǣְɣ
ҶȺ⣬ѹ󣬲ɽһˣһһعڣڲһһ
һṦ򣬿˾͵ˣ
һŮӣʮᣬԼʮ˾꣬ȣ˫һƽĴ멣ͷųħϢ
ǿҵɱĴ֮һɲŮһɲŮӣһɱǰ񣬿ƣԭаþ࡭֮УҶȵĿ⣬˼ˡ
Ůӣһᣬֿˣ붼ŮӣӣڵٶС
ɲŮżˣӴ磬Ȼ̾ϢȻġùϵĽ磬涨ȻǾǾһҪõ
ɲŮȱһˣܵõģʱͬͬ⣡
ɲǣǼˣߺȻҲһʮӣ磬ü֮вӢͷǿҵ֮
ɲŮŵļˣٴУЦˡĿ漰ʱﶼٲ㣡
ˣ¹ùáεҲϻмԪ֮Ӱ죬ˣ
˼󷽴ż֣ӡٰ׺ȻУֻǲǸӢ
֮䣬ɱʼͷš
򰵰ķ磬ƺУѰҶȵӰӣϧ޷ġ
ƺҲЩɵɲŮôĸ֣˺һЩĵ˵ɲŮҺ򿪽磬һУǵȵ¹ùεɱĺã
Һ
ɲŮ׶ԷͼʲôˣҺҲҵҪԣ˭õʱգͻᵮߣ
Ƕǿĺܣһˣƽ磬Ҳɱˣֻƽ⣬Ȼ˭˺ã͹˭ҿԶЭ飬˭õҪӵԷ
顭ǲܾˣǼ˴ˣ
Ψһѡ񣬷ʱĴɱ֪ʲôʱܸܵ仯½
޳ɣ
˵꣬ɲŮϵصͷˡ
Ȼǰ˺ɰ֮ͷţҸԴ߶һںϵƴغڽ֮ϡ

Ȼ𶯣¿ռ䣬ҲƺҪƵġ
ƣúʮˣͷΣֹͣԪ顣

ǼκȻ类˺һӣ񣬹ܶܺˣȽȥҲ׷ȥ
ɶ񰡣پΪϢ¶ȥ
Ԫ֮ռ䣬εپˣطţ·һζ֪˽ȵˡ
ûв͸ǽǷ˭õδ֪ǰ㲻˭һӾںϣ
پһΪӢ꣬ûεǰ㼱С
ߣõǾҵУ
εӿٶȡ
˿̣ڵ½磬ֳһŮӣ۵ȸ֣ʮˣǰӽ˺֮һ۾;ͼ˾ڽĽ롣
¹ùã˼ͲһεˣȻõپֱپҲõ
ҶڲŮӣ֪Է˭ˡ
ಣ
ŮӴ۵ˣ˲磬Ҳ֮С
ˡɲŮոճ֣ڼڲƽƣһعţԽԽ
¹ùãĪҪΪУҲó޷ǵģ
˻ף¹ùãЦĺܵ⡣
¹ùãǺǶһ
˿̣εپӣ硣
ãǺ¹ùǸ¹֮ˣϴӦ˶ԷҪҲһơ
پƺû˷ȷֶΣҲɽô꣬ûбץס


1572 ѹĴ
ҵȵˣˣȻ壬ȻԴӵȻ۷
һ˫۾̱پ
ˣȷ鱦֮УƷĴڣǸԪȽ϶࣬Уɼоﵽٸ߶ȣӵİ磡ˣҲ⣬ſ֮УһɱνΪʳΪЩĵģ̣
ǿ϶ģɽ磬ͻᵮͷˡҶһ߳գѾһعſڣεɲŮҪ룬ЦĸӸˡ
󷽣Ϊһ˸еġ
ӡ
ٰ׵ˣѾʼε¹ùõӴ˫ɱϾӴʮˣڽ֮Уɱǻ찵أʵв۷壬ԴΣ֮С
ҶڻְܳȻǿԼһʱģֻҪĴ񣬽һعôһжˣ
ʱ󷽽񣬶ۡ
ͬΪŮˣ¹ùøߺɲŮ㲻ǲ֪˴˵ֶΣƴ˳ڿյһΪʱյƿߣõˣҲˣ
أ
ɲŮֻ
ɲŮʵΪ֮䣬֪˭ˣõǵЭ飬ԶЧŵЩļ£ɲŮ֣ô޷õ
䣡
ͻȻ˴߶ڴһƣзɳһع΢΢Ĵǰ
ɲŮǽȥɣ۱˭õܱú¹ùεõҪǿ򱶣
˵һЦͷ˿󷽣¹ùεƽƣӵ⣬ɲŮһع

мƣεĶ¹ùҲǲİ
ɽرжٵĲԴõĻ˵Ҳдôһ׾٣ӴˣӵɽһΪܵ˾Ǻεȵķ⣡
ˣ˿ûдͷɥͷŸӿµİƽƣ𽥿
ɲŮ˹ҪǣǻҶصؿˣȻתһֱӴɳ
߶ԪںнƣʵҶȵ֮Уһֱپ󷽣ȴ¹ùεͿԿʼѹپ
ӣһᣬҾΧڲдΣգһǻֵģ
ֿһһ֮УΪֵǣ໥ɱѾʮ䣬Ҳˡ
УӿʱҪնɱҲвһδλΪġ
á
ӴԿƵļ߶ǿΪҶƭģԭƿһС
žž
ʮ֮ǰ
¹ùεȻһ˽ƣһع
ʱˣ
ڽڵҶȣüĴǹȻһعţ֨һѸ͵عˡ
ȻپڴƽƣҲһҶȴһץ
ֻСپʵζݵأҲһӣ벻硣
ʱŲؿķô£ռ䣬ռôƿˣõĽ磬ѵʶΪ
ҿΪ㣬ϧɽ磬ʱա
֪ʱҶϢͻأǰֳŵپȴʲôˣΪܿĽ
ʶӦ֪ʲô°ɣ
Ҷ˿پߣ˵Ľ磬ûУپߣҲһ
ܣôܱõ
ʲôܵģˣپӴ֮Ϊðɣ˵ָץپ

پȻԴУȻƿӡ̬ʧչ¶˲˼Σ汬֪жô޴
ҵ£κηûõģ
꣡
ָݺݵһץһ⣬˲ѹپı𣬻Ҫ׳ͷţȴҶǿʵͷŵѹѹס޷׳һ֡
ಣ
Ȼ߶˲ϢС
ֱһ̣ҶȵģڿԷˣҪ׼ģ߱ˣͲʼ߶١
ɣӣһͳʱյĻᣬˣ
Ҷ˫һ֣һ⣬ƣȻƻΪ޴ӡѴʮٸ֣һסҲһʧҶһͳΨһûбӡסľǰ
ˣ
һвƣ㲻õġ
ˣҶȳ𺳻𺳣ٰףһϳҶȣǵǸߡ
ҶȷŹϧҶҪ֪ɱҶȡ
ӣúϢȥѹĴЩˣͲõˣǵδãҴӦģʵŵ
ҶȴЦݣɨӣȻһͷ֮ڡ
һعռ䣡
׿ռжΪҲıԴ
ڲɽʱ֮УȽˣɲŮͷӬգĿķţ޷ɳȥƺԭȥ

¹ùεͻȻӺ󷽷ɱڣɲŮˣŭɶ
֣
ɲŮˣͬ뷨ʱ߶ͨǿͨ߿գֶǸ
˫һҪչɱˡ
λɲﶯ֣Ǵ
ĴָԴʱգӰһӰͷһ򣬾ȻɽڲռĴֹȫסȻݺһĹɢˡ
˭
Ĵ񣬴д㵣ˢˢ̧ͷ߿ա
Ҷˣ콵ٶĿ⣬Ĵ񶼸оİһӡ
һƳĴǴ͡Ŀ⣬ҶȾ͸ֶݲȣʶңֻҪףںϣıҵıǾãһŹ𣿡
¾ں
ϱɫΨΨŵŵǰ֪֪ҲдͷȫǸᣡ
ˡ
ֹɲŮ¹ùáεʶƵģȱ컹Ҫ죬ˣҲµĵˡ
ȷǸᣬᣬͨ޵УķڷţεҲòѧˣԼҶǸ
ȻɲŮ¹ùöˣ
ǵǲɵҶȣֻǼɵһع磬Ǹо߼ʣʹҲ޷޷ӳȥֻҶȵͷ
ҶͻȻصЦʶʱΪܡǶֻϧҾˣŹǵ뷨ú£ҲɱǣˣǰҪ־ͷҰɣ
ʲôҪǳ
ɲǣĴͷסˣ
ʱգΪ꣬ˣѹڣȻҲҪѹ
¿Цɣ
εǸΨΨŵŵͷţɲŮ¹ùáˣλǵʵںûпܣǿҲֻһǿӵģ


1573 ϻ
Ҷ΢΢һߣЦεͷãڿЦ𣿡
ƺҲ޷ܣƿˣȻɵ֣߶ѵûпܡƿֻһѣ
ƣ£תأ̫֣̫Ӽ˻Ҫҧˣοǻһ񣡡
¹ùҲ˵һ䡣
ɲŮأ
ͷ̱̬Ҷ´𣬿һ
˿̣˷׷׿ɲŮ
ε¹ùˣͳһߣɲŮԸ⣬ôǣһش
ɲŮһŮޣò֮£ص޾ɱ⣬ĿٿȻһ䣺ʱգԭסˣߣǳʵ޷ǽܣǲܵ£
ãȻеƣ
ƣַͻ䡣
Ĵ񣬵δѹǣҶ뵽ɫҲĮҾ֪ǻ뷨˵Ǵ𲻴Ӧı䣬ȻҪѹңĴҿǣҵģ뷭죿мѼӻ𣿡
˻һĴڣٶҶû˿ɵ֮ɫһָеļơ
εϧϵλ֣Դ߶бƽ䣬Σ
ˣǶ۸ˣ
ɲŮһץ֣һ°ԲͷžԣһԳ
Ȼ¹ùҲóҲʼ߶
ֲֳͬͷŰȻƬ֮䣬γһɿѹñһعռ䣬ơ
飬ϵϣ飺ˣѹ⼸̶֥ܼ򵥣һ֣ǻԿռЩӰ죬⵽ƻ
ǣҪġ֮һѹǣպҲ֣ȺˣֶΣǣʵ
Ҷһ߳ϢҲʼͷš
һߣ˵ǲõ˾Ϊ¡ɱ
˼ﶯ
գۼ䣬ҲӶͷſµ
ڰ׾
Կ
ȻܣҶȵʵȫԸҲֻһ󣬲ȴӵ󶼾µ
Ǿǡ
ͣ
ֻһ֮䣬Ҷ˫ͫĿԪ֮⣬Ȼ綼ȼյףĴӦһԲ̬ĴסţȼյԽƺڷڡ
ĴçһʶѾоϢȼյ֮Уʼѹ
¹ùһζݣʲôϢ
ȼյףޱ޼ʣ
Ĵ񣬷·ɭĵ磬Զûг·Ȼڵ٣ֱ
εƣϱѹʴȼףһƣͻȻһŵģ̾аĵ
ôܣﲻǵţУˣҲѹɲŮʧɫ֮ϣɱǾ

Թž硢ɽ硢һ磬ҲʿķĹ
λ
ҶȶԴ֮߳ƣȼյףͫǣһɨĴ񣺡Ȼ޷úֻķڷڣʲô£ʩչҿѹ
ѵͷŵģӿʼŤ
ΪأҪôǷͷţҪôǵʿƿأҴδʩչѹǿУֵңȻɱǣеҲһȴʱ޿ͷŵġʴǵȥɣ
˵꣬ҶȵͫһĿס

ΧĴףȫûһ˿϶ȫףҡǳĺٰףһô򵥡

ܿЦ
ĴһӦͷŷȻһ̵İ˲䵴׿ռ䣬òϻصƺɢĿԡ
꣡
ڶײ֮󣬾Ȼ׿ռǿɢ¶һʵĳڡ
СӵΪ̫ˣյϧΪ̫֮ϣ㱻Ҳѹɱ
εһˡ¹ùáɲŮͬʱĵնͷſϰѿն飬ֱ˺һӡ
ⳡڴôһ죬ҿڣͷŵȼաʴ칬ִߡ
ҶΡȻĴ񣬲նδ⣬ΪǣΪʵϣԽҶȣΪΪҶƿصĵҲֻٸ߶ȡ
ٴδ߶Ԫʩչڰ׾
ĴجΣŸտʼ
ϴն׿ռ価ͷƺ˳ڣͻȻǰӿһɺˮȼףֱߴɡ
찡
˾ˡǵҪǿԪ
ˣѶٵľŲϴ򿪿նڣǰӿȼյжģ

Ȼޱ޼ʣӿô뿪磬̫ʵֻѡҪôҪô߶ֱգɳ磬չ
ǭ¿˰ɣ
ʱҶҪ׻ǵϣ
Ȼ磬׿ռ֮⣬ոֳļȻǿдɳŰҪռ価ͷ
һƣͻˡ
ˮ
֮䣬ˮƯģҶȣյһΪʤǿıļҪôˡϧ
ಣ
ҶȿɲŮ䵶Ȼָһˮ䵶
ͣ
ˮֱӴ䵶һʼʧһСԶΪģ䵶ʼ顣
ǺǣʲôãںˮҲԴ߶ˮɱΪ޷ںϣһͷţ̫пܣ˶ߣ
䵶飬Ҷ˿Ҳδ㵣ֵջӶ
ͣ
ˮӯڸ߿շɹѸ޼᲻ݣԾһȻ˲䶼ˡ
ڰ˰ҿֶܼãţ£ţ
׾ٻļҶתˮģȻƵ磬Ѿһ񣬲޻˵ҲΪ飬ҲܵӰ졣
ˣղʩչʣǲ˼飬һ棬˲飬д˱˭˵Ķ֣
ˣ֪ʲôʱ򣬳Ҷȵǰ˫֣΢΢ӡ
£ܵõҲԡֱֻôһھͺúÿʧȥűף
һƣ׿ռһͨҶ˽֮ͨ󣬾׿ռ룬ڷ
ֻзΨһѡ
λ֪ǵּܼ죿ҵȡ֮Ҷûѡӣûö֣
һɨĴĸԼ޵
ҶҪľЧҪ״Ƿݰ
㡭
Ĵҧгݣȴ޼ƿʩΪҶռʱ˺ͣûκҶʱ
ھڲռ䣬ɽʱգǻɽӳ磬ǲܡ


1574 ٣1
Сӣǿǰףѹƣ
裡
ĳ裡
Ĵ񣬳ưʱն꣬еڣôԸҶѹ
ŭһʧȥеĳȣͷžѹγȥһɫγɵΧȼףϵضԿȻ԰Ե赲⡣
ǣϾǵͿϵرʴٻ
ҵʱûж١ϫӻδȥɽַ仯£ȥ
ĴǿԿһδ¶ƣ̬ǰ
ȥȻҶȻʤ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿һꡭʮ꣬ǡ
ҪҶҾʹ޷
ŭХ죬˲俪ʼӡǿԪʼ߶ڰ׾ֳޱߵƣҶָһѹһֻֻγɵľƣɾ޴ֱӴ׿ռ߿գ׹Ĵ
ΪССڣۺԽǵԪ񣿡
׾ƣ·һ׾ˣġ
ˡε¹ùáɲŮ񣬰ɫ˿µĵͨѹоҲˡ
ΡҲҪס
ĴͬʱҪΧ׿ռ䲻ѹҪ׹׾ƹһĵļΪ¡
䡭
׾ϿձˣȻڶ׾ƣͻأըֽ
桭е֡֡ƺֹͣ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾȫͷԼ޼˻ף߶˼£ڵ½𵤣ת
ڰ˫㣡
ڳҶֿʼʩչӿµ
ͨǴ˫㣬޼˻Ľϣ߶Ԫ֮ԪڷڣԼȻƯš
ΧĴ׿ռ䣬һ̣׻Ϊһɫһһңʼת
찡
磬Ǻڰӿңʼ٣һĴһĻʵĴЩš
Ͽ׾ƣΧĹǰҶһߣƵعҲԲ
䣡
ڰ̺˫ľ裬ǿĪ⣬ǵͣζ֮ĦײĴʼ𶯣ҺڰҲ׵ĸʴһ
Ͽвϵ׾ƹĴѾĿֲ֮Ѿȫ׹Χ֮С
Һռ磬Ȼɽ֮У޷סĴ񡭡һѾﵽޣںһ
Ϊﵽһ١
ˡһ٣
Ȼ֮䣬·˵ͷƵģҪѹĴ񣬿»Ҫһʱ䣬Ͼͻһ٣
ѹĴ練ƣ
õҪ񣬲ɽ磬պʱգԪ֮ռϣκˣܸӦϢΪǿҲ޷Ԫռġ
ѵõʱõĶٵص㣬ʲô
סǣ֮ǰѻٵļǲٸͷ̤ٻǵڣ
齻һҶȴ߶ͨУΪһԭƵģƾʧ
Ѩռ䣬뿪Ҷȣڻָƣˣ޷δžӣżԪѷ죬뿪Ѩռ䡣
˰㹦뿪Ԫ֮ռ䣬ʱ֮ϡ
纡
񷣬ｫΪΪɽͷĵط
΢΢һ̾߾ͳɫٻӰ
纺
˷׵ȷһɽٵĺõطĶɽٰɣΪ㻤õģ
󣡡
򣬲¯ȼհɣ
Ҷȴ㣬һΣʮ֮߿գ˫ֽӡһ̵ľռ䣬ȻͷŲ֮ںϾγɼ̽磬ҶУ¯Ưһʼȼա
ȻǶɽٵĺõط
ʱգɹ˼Ԫ֮ӵеǹͥҲȲϣϲ¯ӿ룬ӿҶڡ
پ
һץ֮Уһ⣬⻯ΪӰǱӡסپ
ڡȫһֻ
Ҷȣͬħŵֱ£󣺡ҪɱңҪңȦңǧڣұܳꡭꡭһ룬ӵңӵжٲƸ
ҶЦܴϲˣ֮УܰԼʶ㣬ļֵıԣȫչ¶ҿԸܵĿ־壬ĳ⣬پҾʹӦ㣬ӽ֮󣬲ɱ㣬㡭
һԶΪãӵңӵԴپȲδҶ˵꣬Ϳ˵
ڣ¸ֽƣҪУô֮߶٣ǿжɹһ٣УҪıԴ
⣬⣬ֻҪĵطʣһҲܸҵڣӵгԽ࣬򱶵Դ
ȵľ仰һԴţС٣
ѹĴ̫ˣԸپѴ֮ʶɱļֵ
ȷɱ壬ɽѾΪϡ٣ɱһһ෴ҶȲɱҪ
֮٣
ȥһپҶ֪Ҫ£ֱɽ絮ֻһˣȥ¡
һж׼ӷɣڡֻҪɹ٣ʲô١٣ֻҪǿѪ̫ѹ̤֮񡭡ֻҪ˳̤죬Ҷȡǿߣ
죬ȻƮãã
¶Ц֮Ҷ˫һ֣һַӡͻȻʧʱһɹɸʴɫĽӵ￪ʼȻϯͿʼɣͿʼȼա
پͷĹ̡
̫һ
֮ɵֻͨҶǽ̫һܣ֮ԼǿҲⲻá
֮ϯȫȼҶ֮ʣ˱ɫ֣Ϊһɻ棬ҪҶȻٻֱӰҶڵɵ𿪡
پҲúˡ
˿µ֮ʲôپɪɪŵѾʧȥӦ
̫֮һյ㣿
Ҷʩչ̫һ𵤡о֮Ȼ޷̫һҶҲ޷ʴ
һ̣Ҷȸо֮ϵرڣٻ̫һеƤҲΪ˻棬Ȼͻ俪ʼˣ֮Ȼʼ
ңʱյգһƬɫĽƣ
ɫֳҶȾ͸оڵ֮ͷһɣ޷ƿصϢ·صڹͨɫĽƣҶҲ֣֮ʼѹ̫һҶһ֣޷Ƶĸо
״̬۷壬֮޷ѹƣҪٵľ硣
Ȼ¡̫һҵѱ֮˽һ룡
ǳԽ˵
֮£ȻСġ


1575 ٣2
ΪȻԼ
棬ʼŶԭʼѪ⣬Ѩӣ࣬¶Ϊдԣжصĺ档
ϵؿǱǻ֮ţˣҲáķš
Ҳ͵棡
ɫ񷣬ҪͻƵϰ
ܺ££Ӯˡ
ҶĿᶨ˸߳ޱߣΧȼյٻ棬ƣγɵռ䣬ҶϿʼ߶ͨϢ̫޼˻׷׷ڴ߶
ߡߡҲͷš
Ҫﵽ۷״̬Կ١
Ӯҡֻһ
䣡
֮ϣɫƣʼڣϤɵ٣̫֮࣬һ١
ڣλ֮䣬Ϊ족
׶Σ顣
ͣ
ʼӿڣ硢ٻ𡢽꣬Ҳԣɵ֮УγµǶ٣һҪסɽ٣һҪֵ١
ոֽ֮񷣬ͻȻʼ£е٣һ˿ʣģ֮УȻһɼ֮ʼ·Ҷͷų٣γɵϵռ䣬ٿռ䡣

ٿռ䣬ֱ٣סҶȵٻ棬ںһ𣬼ӱҶȡ
ҶƤȫյʧ¶˽ɫѪ⡢磬ȫһѪˡٻҪѪ⡣
֮ٽһݣ
ȷѹҶյѪ⣬Ҷȼٴ߶̫һػ뵤̧ͷ񷣬ͻȻ٣Ϊһɳɵ籩
ʱ˿̣ҶԼˣת籩ĽһƬ䣺ҵ٣Ȼһˣֲǧٱ
Ӵ١
Χ纺Ѿķǳǵ磬ҲЩ΢΢ݣΪ𲻵á
Ҫȥ·һ˷ˣҪҪһ᣿ڣҶǧ֮پһ֪ж೤
ϵ磬·𿴵ڶ֡
ǿ١ǲùġֻֻܷаķݣΪ¯¯
Ҷּһ¯סʼȼգҶҲ̫һ¯֮УҲ׼˵ӡ֮
ͣ
֮
޴籩˴󲿷תٶ£оһͷޣŴͣҪҶһȥʣ㡣
籩ʱյĸ߿գĿʼѺۣһ˺٣Ļ𶯵֮ʼʱ֮С
£֮һƬΪ档
ɣ¯ӵһ٣ж
ڣҶȰ׼ģ׼ã¯֮УȻ籩ͻͻͻѹռ䣬ת֮˺˿ռ䡣

籩ո磬ͷȻ󣬽羹籩飬Ȼ̫žֱҶȣͬʱһپ˺ǧס
ڵĲ򣬱˺һӣδȫ顣
žžž
籩ڻҶڵĲ¯ƴ죬һҧס¯䣬εת֮¯ҶȵĶ䣬޷κζ̧ͷʧˣֻһûֹĺɫ֪ͨͨǶħĶ
ֱӿҶԪҲҪݻԪ񣬲֨֨Ħٷ籩Ϲ¯
ͣ
Ҷһ߶Ԫ񣬶Կ֮һȫ߶¯ⲿѺۣ̫ˣҶʵ٣ﵽΪֻڣپȻﵽ˰߶ȡ
߶ԴҶҲʼɵҩ¯ԪͬʱڶԿ١
濴ȥ޴籩ſŴ죬һɲ¯¯ΧѾ̫˺ѣʱҪ顣
ţ籩֮Уһڲͬ
ҶȷʱȻ޷һɵԣ͸֮ϴ֮£Ӵ¯֮ʣ¯û˿ķȻҶҲ޷Կ·һ֣֮ϣ
ԡȻܿ⣬ʱδоΣϢҿʲô
Ҷ侲΢⣬סҶȵڡ
ʱҶȾ͸оһѪԽѪʼȼգʼڣȻ֮У̫Ҳʼȼա
Ҷȴ߶ģԶǵģ
Ȼ⾹Ȼ½֮У
֨֨
벻һĻˣ⣬Ȼʼѹ½ڲĵ
ۣ
ҶȣһѪ
ѵ⣬ǿɽߣ̺ԣû̺Ȼ޷ɹ٣½𵤡ԵȻܵ
˲ǣҶȷ·ʲôȻȣˣ޼˻ԵԿɵɽ٣Ȼѹôû뵽㣡
̫ˣȻˣˣ
޷Կ⣬ǷֻҪ½𵤣ֻҪڲ޼˻ͻһֱѹңֹɵɽ٣
ҪΪͿֹ̤١纣Ұ½𵤣ӵ֮Уʱţ
ҶȲһԥ߶ת½𵤴ӵзɳҶָһವһ£ɳ硣
ӡ
纺½𵤣մһӡһɷӡ½𵤰֮С
Ž𵤡ֻŹڹɵʱڳֹ˵׵õʲôӵŽ𵤣
پ֮У𵤷ɳͬƵġ

½𵤣ִ߶̫ղ֮ڣֻ̫һȻǵ⣬ʧȥ
Ȼ̫һҲ̺ʮ١ҶȶеռģȻȥѹϾԹҲˣ󣬳ȥе
հ½顭
ҶܵشĲ٣ִ߶ߣϲ񷷨ոʼɵӡ֮ں̫һ֮С
ĵҩҲϷãھһӵеĲƸѾȹͥΪӵо
ǣ
¯Ȼ
ˡƣһ˲١
Ҳʱ籩ץס˻ᣬͳѷĲ¯Ȼ飬ҶһܵӿµǣֻȥԿκ綼ʧˡ
ڣҶԼٶԿʱ̡
ˣȻҪˣ֮ǰǸɡҲ޷ȥǸȹŮӣʵǿ󡭡ǵùˣ
پˣֱϷƵģǸզ
١١򡭡ֻءңֻ棬һжõģʲôõģҲֻһҶȣ£
Ҷȹһ籩Ȼ𣬿ʼΧ£˲飬硣
صܣԱ
ǫӣ
죬Ҳ𣡡
ٷ籩֮ϡ


1576 񣿸ſ
ǿ󣬼̣ҲѪɣ
˻˻
һѪ⣬籩иγɴָƬҶϣرи

ʹҶȷصŭȻһץ񷷨ʩչ֮پ˳
㣡㣡㣡پƯڰգʼϣеȻ
ȡپʱ֪ۣڣȴû취ֹ̬һֱ̱ۡͷϱɲϵƤȻ֦Ҷʼ죬ֻգۣһʮɸߵڰա
֦Ҷïʢγܲ͸Ҷĸ룬ţӸ뵽Ҷٵִɣȫͷš
ٻǿޱȡپҲĳļ⣬㶼޷ѡʵ
ۿʼӶǰγһ͵Դ֮ڣľò֪е˿ȴҶڱ
ǲһһϢȼաҪ߶ʮһɽٳɹĵ̣
ٷ籩ȻԵҶȴѾ¶ЦݣΧѾƯһѪƬһӡ⿪һɿںϵȭͷСĻ棬ʼ
ʱ䷢ˣ
΢ʮ֮󣬿ʼȼգҶȵֱֱۡһʵ΢ʱֱ۳ΪɫоһֲƤ
ѪΪ֦Ҷ̬
ı仯پҡͷôڣҲȻľϵҳԽҪֹҵҡ
پ˴׳ʲôҪһ㣬ɾңδûңû㣡
ҶҲԼ䣬һʮﵽһ߶Ȼ״̬ʱҲӰߣңʮٻںϣСģԷǵһпܣᡣ
ɫֱۣ̰ʮѹһЩȻʼ߶ԵһʹҶȼգиѪ˿ڣϵϡ
ҵѪ⣬ôܰװʧ
ԽֻУͷͨȴǻŵĸԴûҪʲô
ͷƯΧƬͳͳرʼںϣµƤʼ
ĸԴʮٹȻǵһҲ䣬ǿ󣬱п飬飬ɣ
ڱ״̬һµĲ¯ֿʼҶȣߴ߶̫һ
оաûζɽپ군ˣڲ¯ڣȻ籩Ȼͣ¯ҶȵƣѾָ۷״̬һοʼٶԿ
գ
ûһ籩תٶȣͻȻȻ֮ʼȼգ籩ʧ֮Уһ͵˲Ҷϡ
šڶɹ٣
¯ʧҶչ˫ۣϴһЩϢȻȻӿҶڣ̫һڿʼ֮ҶԼ
űҶϤı仯¿ʼ飬ɵʣųǿʼѪ֮øӾѪҺɵʧڵ⣬ľӴ׳ڣִʮ
Ҳɱ䣬Ҷ΢΢һڽռ֮纺һɫâռ䡣
ɫâֱӷҶȵĵ½𵤡
߶ս𵤣̫֮һŽ𵤵ϢŽͬʱ֮
׳ȫʱ䡭ֻܸо̫Ҫˣڵ
֮ڼҶһѹƲ֮һ濪ʼյ̫һȼںϣ̫һʼϵطڣһٿյʼϯ
Ѫ̶ȣӦò೬Խ󲿷ֵİ񣬽ӽ󡭡Ƿĵӣһ²߼֮ҲһѪϵطڡ
ˣȥһٵ˵
ҶֹͣյӣȻ񷣬ʧ֮ҲϢ֮Уϵʧ
˰֮ȫʧʱյգ¶ƣҶڵΧԲʮ£Ϊ棬ݲ֮纺û˿Ӱ졣
ʵʵΪðɣ̤һ٣Ϳѹ񣡡
߶ͨʧˣپ
Ÿոս٣ͨҶȾȲ纺ص֮УһԪ֮ռ䡣
ಣ
֮ǰԪ֮ռ䣬ٶȣܲڣֱɽУҪķѰʱҶֻ˼˺ѿռ䣬һԾ¶Ѩ
ˣÿٶȡɹˣ
ҶȽ٣յһ飬ʱһϲ
Ѵһ٣ڵٶȣߣڼԪ֮ռУƽأԽ˰񣡡
˵꣬һüĳǹ
գۣƯһع칬·ȻһƬ׿ռ䣬ֻϧ뿪ʱ䣬׿ռС֮Ĵ£ˡ
Сӡ
׿ռڵƺҪϣҶȳ֣¹ùɲŮʧεһ
ɼҶȣ֮ǣּɵ֡

٣¹Ҷȣĵһ£Ǽʩչڰ׾Ȼſһ׿ռ䣬Ϊһźʧ
Ĵطգõ˽ѣǴ㵣֪ΪΣҶͻȻд˾ٶ
ҶһɨĴ񣺡εˣ¹ùáɲŮһϰɣһķڷǰģ
Сͻ˶٣
Ϊһ٣ֲţ
εʱŷ֣ҶûڵϢӵжٲе֮
ھôֶβڣ
ɲŮû֮ǰ벻ʳ˼̻ζ
¹ùöޱȣ˫Ĵݺ˵һΣλǲһ˾֣Ҳﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣӳȥ⣡
ԣɱ
ͬӦͻȻվһߣƺ֮ǰֶԿѲһֺĬ
ƣ
˫ƣڸԱεڣѸҶһơ
󣬸ſ£
Ҷʩչ֮ʯĴոʩչһƬռ𶯵ӡ·ڲռ䣬Ҫ顣
𣡡
ֱһȭ붼룬ҶԼǿڣһİӡ
䡭
һȭ
һȭˣͰѰӡմ飬ҶȲ⻪д˳һȭεˡ¹ùáɲŮĴǿߣû˿Ӧһȭǰεš
ۣۣ
ĴסҶȣ޷ӦҶȵһȭεͬʱкÿ˶³һѪ
һһ̱ȥ


1577 ǿ
ֻһȭ˲飡
ˡε¹ùáɲŮǱѣޱ𺳣̧ͷվǰԭӦñ򱶵ߡ
ȴǣҶһ٣һУǣ
һٵ
ҶȿԼȭ˸Թڲԣһ٣̺ģȫоضҪһ
֮ǰһǵĶ֣ܻĺȵǲģˡ
һͿء
񷢻ҶȵĿ⣬ٿȻһһǾ仰Ϊãңǲߣǲ˼Ҹոսһ٣飬ҪǿǲӦǾҵĵˣֻܱǵ
ɲŮͻȻ˻ߣմŤƣǰʱյߣ
ô˵
ɫ𽥳£ҶƳһɲŮ񣺡㲻Ը⣿ܺã˭Ը⣬ȻԵȴҲһѡȨ
ߣεºܣǳεҲġ
ڶҶȴֻεҡҡͷ̾Ϣȴޱ˵ɫ˾ǵˣʿ磬һ
ģҶȴڷ֮УҲˮۣ
¹ùĺȻһ裺Һ¹ùݺǧ꣬εȵĸ߹һһϣ㳼˵ͣǵһ㣬ùҲӦǻأҲͷ

ҶɫʼĮȻ
ǿô
һˣѸ͵ˣ֮ƺȵھԭӳȥϣͺãǲӦһӡҪѹ˵ǱѵҿǾͿ
ˣ㸺һţɲŮ¹ùáεˣɲһʵ벻ͨǰʵȻ˲˼ͷ
ͣ
һ⣬ͻȻγֻβһڣһ㣬ֱײεš
Ѫ俪һڴѪεţ

ͻ̫ѸͣεƺԼδ֣񣬿Ѫŵöɫ԰
һ٣ҵ̫ϡˣεΪһжôǿҺܺ棬ɽ֮ܲҵ
һ֣Ӹ߿ͻȻץסεವһҶǰȻε֮ʣ߶ˡ
˻˻
⡢Ѫͬʱεϰ룬Ҷ˫֮УһϡٵӴľʼε
ΪԳ̶ȣԣϧһӣɾ͵ĹӣȴճɾңԹңϣȻҲֽҵϣӦðȥߣҶȶԴˣӲĴȻʱпܣڱ󶯵ӣҾһҲõģϢɣ
εĿֲ£һŤΣ˫Ŀɴܵػ棬ȼգӿҶȣһ̣ôޣôĲʣһͷɾ˱ˡ
˵֣Լʶڲʧ
ħħ
ɲŮŵʧɫĻɲţ
հ˵һѪ⣿ܣô˱̬¹ùҲòȥ
֮ǰ֪ҶȵֶΣǰ񣬻ǷݿЦİڼε³һģҲ־壬ŵڻˡ
ˣûκε⣬Ҳһ
˻˻
εһۣ˫ʧȥ֧ûѪƵģɰͰ͵ģѪⲻϵӿֱΪһ߸ʬ
ǡ
Ϊʬãûκʧʬ˲飬Ϊ˳
䡭
һ֮ҶȾʹ߶䣬һҪںϣ
˷ģˣһһŲĿռٿȻסѾʧȥ־
ռ䣡
һ֮һ
̳֮ϣ߶̫һвնİȼգ̫һںϣû뼡֮УԪ񣬶ڴӶɽٺƣУʼϻָ
ڵʵնɱþԭаְ񣬺⣬Ҫնɱָģ΢΢Щѡ
ӣѾоĸ߶ȣֻնɱΪİ񣬵ٴԽʹߡشۡش̫ʼټɵǣ߶ǧͼɽ磬˭κң⣬ûٿסҵĲΪҵв죬Ҷһ죡
̤һ٣ҶȲܵǣƣΣٴοشۡشۣʲô£ǴǬҲ̫ɵ
̫޼˻ס
֮УҶҲʼͨ׷׳Խڣﵽһٸ߶ȡ

޽֮أ£һٻӰ𽥵ɽ硣
һ͹ҶȵǱԤ֮УҪ࣬ͽһ٣ҲǸʵŵԵʱˣ
ŮӺȻڻɫ񷣬¶ݣֶۡ
ÿһһƬӣˣȻӸ߲޽֮أ޽֮صʹʱա
һ˾ɽ硣
ŶСѡңԶʱնɽ٣ҸӦϢ΢ڵʱգһĴڣ
ֶ΢΢һЩֿܿʼ鲽ھɽ񷣬һһһʱգԼʮ
뿪ɽ磬һƬžļԪ֮ռϿգԪֶ֮ҲЩݣȻҿ֮ˣѡɽ٣ƿϢҲܸӦԪ̫֮ˣʣ°Ԫ޷磬ҲڼԪл𡭡
֮̾һ
ಣ
˼Ԫ֮ռ䣬ȻٶܵƣȻŲһȻ֮ңƺԪ֮ռ䣬޷٣ٶֻò˼ݡ
㣬ʱգ޽֮Ԫ֮ռ䣬ŻʮڼԪ֮ռ䣬Ѵﵽõʱ䣬Ԫ֮ȷ˵ķĹ
һʱգûڼԪֵ֮طɽ磬Ҳдڹ֪жʱաϢȻʧؼӴ֤Ҷ٣٣
ͣһᣬֿʼӣһֻѰһʱ񷣬֮ͫУ̺һٴӰ
ԭǸǿߣڰ֮УѾǴΣϢʱںϣһУϢϸӦӦĵô˵ǿƬʱյʿͻأ½߲ƣҲգҾȿҶȵʵѹǿߣʸھͷ㣡
ֶƯһ΢΢ͷţأںһ

Զʱգ
֮Уһˣٵطأ˿ȥòͨеģü룬һԹߣ΢΢˸
Ҳһ𲻵˵
Ҵűĵ֪ˡεǺ¹ùáɲŮһΪǽѵ治ѱ


1578 ս
ŭѾ˴أüң¶һ˿⣺֮˶٣֮ҵĵ硭ٵܶȣƺǴԪ֮ռϢδȫʧɽ֮ˣӦûУ
ʱտֶһҲãǷãõһǿߣǿԳΪҵĿܣʱգ
Ц˼ѾͣڼԪ֮ռ⣬˲ϢУȻٶȾͬСƵģշ
ʱѷҶµĿܷĺȻۣޱ鿴Ͽգˡ
վѨһͷ˾
ѷ֮¡
ʱ֮Ҳѷռ䣬ΧӦٲ֮Ϸɽߣѷ
ȻǼԪ֮˷еٶȺ
һعռ䣡

һ⣬ԱֶǴ߳Ҷȣ߼̵һΪİ;У
ҵĿܷѾˣ˵ʵĴ񡭡һΪĶ֣
Ҷɫݣռ䣬ʮ꣬ŹȥˣѾӽһ״̬ȻҪʱ侲ޣܴﵽ״̬ڵʵѴܵĴǿ١
ڵʵԿûжٲ࣬ôͨ޷вҲδݡ
Ҷǰ֮䣬нʧɲŮ¹ùãҵ֮ҵʵֻᵽܸߵĸ߶ȣӡ
˵꣬һסŮǼ㷴Ҳ޼£ѾȫҶȶ֣ȻҶȿˣܴǷ񳼷ң
˼ҶֶΣǿһ뵽Ҷ͹ϵػشˡ
ಣ
һ⣬ҶԪһ䣬ͷԪҵķӡӣһǿߣʵ֮ϣˣһҲĶ֣Ӧ֪ݰɣ
ŶˣǶȻ
˳׷ˣش
ҵεżᵽʵǿɵ磬Ǹеĸ֣ĵϸң
ʱһڽǧǰֻһͨܵǯƣǰ޽֮ػͻȻʵʱǰǿߣնɱǸߣΪߣˣԼͨ񣬶Ҫɫÿһʱ䣬ҪһԴ
һһʱ౦õˡֶΣѹʱֻѰǾͱѹˣһΣǼƺ߻ħüģһ⣬֮У̺һƬƬޱȵǿ󣬾Ȼʱ˰أ
ƬǿܰɣҲûǰҶ󣬱úҲܵһĳ
к̷ܶ࣬ڤƽ飬ȻˮǷƷʶǣҲԽͨһЩ
ǿҲ˼飬Ƭ̫ǿˣƺ޷Ԧһð亹
˵꣬ؿҶȣˣǿȴҲҪӲӲƬƬ̼䡭ͻᱻķѣ
ǺǣвѵҾûУ֮ǰĴǿߵǱ˲ˣߣҵܹģְɣղǽ֣ûж壬Ҫְ
Ҷ᲻֪Է
ԽǸ֡
֣ǲ֣Ըǿشۡشۡʹߡ׷ħԼǬǿߣ
ˣʵʹվͷ档
Ǻεȵɽ籾ԴϢ
Ѩռ䣡
ǰ޷ڲһУΪѲ֮ڣŷͬһһ̽磬һһӣȻǰ
ѵ
¶ϲЦݣɽеʧԪȻһֱ̫ˣòϰ
һۣͿݣϲ
ಣ
ڴʱͻȻΪһ⣬Ŀ⣬ʧһӰüĴҶҲһۣƯʧİա
ͬʱӰԱϢľһɱӡˣһ˶òˡ
û뵽ֱȻӣ
ؿʧֹȴҲΪһƳҶȣͻȻ¶ɭɭЦݣԭˣ˵Сͻһ٣٣ҵĵ𶯣̫ˣ㣬屦ҵģ
Ǹ;һԣﲻʺϽ֣ȥ˵
ҶһЦ߶֮Ȼߣһ
Ŀռ̸ͨȥڼԪ֮ѷռ䣬ٶȶ࣬ҶǹװģΪж·
ȻٶȣҲ𺳲ѡ
ǰʵǿѣԷֻһһ٣ٶȲ£
һ룬Ҳ÷ûеˣõϿɣ
ಣ
Ӱѷռ䣬Ԫ֮ռС
ҶͣתƲ˵սҵٶȲ̤࣬һ٣һΣǿ߽֣ҲҪѹ
ÿСӣҲʲôΪǰôһпŶȣֻһ߰ˣ
ҾҪһֻϡƿʼѹ𽥵ɢڼԪ֮ռ䣬Ҳ˼顣
̫ˣֻͷʵ
⿪ӡ̫⡢޼˻׵ա½֮Уϵرߡ
ɱ㣬ɱһֻϣ
ٿȻٶȼӿ죬ڼԪռ䣬ƱܣһɰɵĿϷУͷų
ߡ
ѹҶȵٶȣﵽһٵˡ

գҶȾԳٶȣһӰ
ͻȻüڻζٶȣôܣ
ͣ
ʥǹҶһǹ̳ٶȣȫҶ֮ϣԶԶԼҶҲóԽٶȣһǹ磬ң顣
ộƷ࣬еĿȰҶȵһǹ硣
򣡡
ٶƣ
ںƣɲܱҶȿ˫һᣬ֮˲䱬Ҳѹʥǹ磬˳ȥ
Ҷȴ֮ʱɵ˺Ӧ磬ռƣҲѹ
ǼԪ֮ռ䣬ߣһΪ߶£ٶȿĲ˼飬ߣڼԪ֮УĺΪʮʱʱ̿߶
ʱ˺ͣ˺ͣʲôռˡ
򣬵ȷԵҲпܣǼԪ֮ⱬٶ̫ˣʱҶѾ뿪򣬿ڼԪ֮ѹ£Ҳֲ˶ðɣǷ潻ְɣҶȸֶʥǹڱǰݡ
СӡǸ̥ƺڼԪ֮ѹƵġҲҪܵѹƣĿռ̫ͨ˼ˣ
һУ˴̫ϳ侲


1579 ǿη
ӣѾҶȵͬȸ߶ȵ֣
Сӣû뵽˵ҡҪ⣬뿪Ԫ֮ʰ㣡Ȼ˵꣬תͷˡ
ûô򵥣
Ҷٶȣ
ɳԶҶȾ͸ԽԽ
ậ
Уٽӡֻ˫ڣһУһ㣬Ҷȣ̫ˡ
Ԫ֮ѹ¶Ҳ
ӶʥǹҶ˿ɵΪڼԪ֮ѹ£ࡣ
䣡
һ̳ʥǹУ׷飬ҶȾ֮УƬ
޽
ٶܵӰ죬Ҷȷһѹһ㡣
ֻһɹ޽ͬɽ׷ɱȥ
𣡡
ɫһڷɳ֮УȻʩչǿһ磬պõס

޽磬𶯣̲ѣ޽ȻҲûеһʱ飬ҶȵٶȣܵӰ졣
̫ǿˡߣ֮ǹƣ
ҶҲ赲ڽǰ˫ּ߶֮Ȼйʥǹһƽ磬
ƣ
ͬʱ߶̫һҶУһǰͳѷ죬Ȼһƣ¡һ糹飬ϡﻩƬҶȼ׷ȥ
Ѫ
׷˼ҶŰգһƬ̲ѪЦ֮ǹȻ
Ȼͷ
ˣδԹִλһһϣɶСӣ
ǰžռ䣬µϷѪһһСŭƳһۺ󷽣ȻǰԪ֮ռ価ͷʱյա
ˡ
һھһξ룬뿪Ԫռ䣬ͲѹƣôҶȣСһ
ȻųȥҾһ̣޿ռ䣡
ʱҶ׷ǺԣѾ޷ֹ˫һᣬһɼžĿռ䣬ʼת
䣡
ռת֮ſֲ󱳣صغԪ֮

ʺҺóˣҶҲͬʱֻһ㣬ɳԪ֮ʱա
ˣ棬ʱһ󺮷硣
ңҴ飬㲻죬ˣǺǣҶȼĿⶼУƵЦ
һŭɶӡǻ˿ڣֹͣѪȻƣˡ
İֳ
¡
ͻͻͻ
ֻǿΪģΧѸɢҶ壬ﶯҲ졣
·Ƭأ̹ȥΪһƬ档
޺ֻۣţз棬ɭ֣ʧرʧˣ¶̵ʯ
ƣ
һѹһεֳ֮һĻˣһģһˡ
Ŷ
ҶһԵ뱾಻̫ķһӵϢȫǿܣһ
۹ⲻƣҺܾǰ͵õģȻƷʲôûеҲնɱǿУСӣԣֻ·һȥ
̯˫֣˫֮ƯȻȼһͷųһԣա

Ȼܣʧ
ҶȵԷٿȻҲ߶ܵȭͷպùз֮ϣҶЩ
޼ս
һץ޼˻ף޼սĽ棬Ҷһնһܡ
ಡ
ʩչλλʹҶһգ˵̫磬Ҷһ
ͣ
䣡
˻Ƶʼձ׵磬ܣǶҶٻӳ޼ս
͡
һնܣضϡ
ǡ
߿֮ϣֶۣƺ͵Ҷ֣ûжٶݣɼҶʩչ˻ƣһ㵣ڣһɷӡһֱ޷͸ǿУǿԡԭӡ֮УȻǵ֮ǰڣӵһӵе
ͬʱСΪҴδ˵
ɾ㵣ּΪ𺳵ı顣
Сӣûأ
ʩչ˻ƣʩչ޼սǿܣҶȸոɿ
һЦֻĿܣȻһ𣬸κνۡ
Ҷһٿ˫ƣȼյĿƣпΣԭĿܣֻҪһֱڴ߶Ͳ𡭡Ǻǣ˼ˣ
ɱ
ܷһι
ߡ
ҶһϢȫıˣΪһƮ״̬һ٣ɽʱ£һʩչ

ҶƾղȻ󷽣һʥǹ̳
ɶ񡭡ĿռͨΪ˵񣿡Ӧˣܷɱ
ǣҶֲˣͬٶ빥Ӹովסε󷽣͵֣ʥǹ޼᲻ݵش̳
ΪһһСӣ˵Ŀռͨ
ֻܣܣ޷׷ҶٶȣոҶȣͲˡ
һҶȹƣҶȲ֪ںδ֮ʱᷢһӡΧһƬȼ
꣡
γɿռ䣬Ҷȴɣһմ𣬰ɲͨҶȣһֻƣ鳯Ҷȥ
񷷨򡭡Ҷȼʱӡھһ̣ʧ
¡
£ĵռ飬ɼһƣȡҶ֮ƿգڴ֮ϡ
ͻͻͻ
̺ɱһƣѰĴأϡﻩʯȥأȻʼ飬ִ˺ѣֱ׵صԨͰʱգ
汻Уҿ³ҹˡ˫㣡
գҶƯȻ˫һӣֱӳΧ
ȻƮǵһ£ȻƴСƣʲôҼң
أ
˵ʱʱ죬һȺ֮ϣԾƵĻĨɱκǰȺ֮Ⱥ֮½һЩȻǼʼζҳΪתʼ顣
ΪͨҵѹƣƺӰ죿˿̲ʶղǷжĿ⡣
ҪƳʹƬֻҪһ֣ѹʱҲˣ
ҶøǿңȺռ䣬ٿȻȺͻأһ׳Ĵ㣬һһң

˫ͬʱ֮ϣһѺۣһҶȣһͷԪ˫㿪ʼϣֱٶȣ
Ҷǰռ䣬һһУ˫㣬ѭֻҪȻĵطܿᣬ߶ĵ̰ɣ


1580 εȵƬ
𣡡
˫ʵδϵ
Ի֮ͨ䣬һķӡӡβֻǴϿգǴӴ˫Χϵĳ
žžž
һƽһƣӡڴ˫֮ϣֹ˫Ȼ޷顣
ƣϵؽʱأѳΪ磬һ⵽ƻֿռ˺ѣҲ֮Уط·ʱҪڿա
Ҷȣʩչͨ˫ϻָѹȣҲЩҶȴʵ̫ǿˣ˫㼴ѭ֮УҪѹҲô򵥡
̫ˣҶֶβӵе̺˫֪̺ͨεӲ
ֶ۲մ֮ϣžϲڵ֮ѹѹƣɵʣ޼׳ǳԽж٣һҪ̤٣ʱ䣿ҵȴ˼갡ڿ칬µϣҶȣʹ˴ǰɳɣǿǣ̨ۣ֮
ʱ˫֮ͫУȻҲͷųʹâҳŨҵڴ
Ҵи
ֹǰĴ˫㣬ƳԶɵҶȣȻƣĻһĽӡš
䣡
ŽӡŻ꣬Χռƺһ±գȻһĳǰڵĿռ䣬ڵâƺһһˣγâ֮ռѺۣʣҲʧɿޱߵ֮С
ΧʮأϵرâǶһգһأ𳾰˿̣ΧյֻǼͬԪ֮ռ䡣
Ȼ·أ˷ڵĵգʲôҲûˡ
ʱգӵŨ£ʱն鿪
ʱ˿̣ҶǵһΣ˰ɵ磬ǿֶΣһʱգʲôֹǵĲ
ȻûС
Ŀһ幥Ȼⷽ
ƽţҶȴһЦ֪ÿռͨʩչ˴նɱϧҲпռͨɽһռκ˶ңǶʣҲһ
ಣ
ڴҪƷҰޣҶȣ֮ǰЩƣҶȿɲֺܻ⣬ҪҶС
ȻҶһιشʧҲƬռ䣬ϯɢȥ֪ι֮ʱսʣһˣ֪жˣҪ޹֮¡
ֱˣ
ҶȲˣţѲ֣ľ飬ҶȲûúúõģһĳ˶

ֻ˫㣬ͻأִγ䲻⹥֪ҶûȻһȥô˫һ
ȥռͨ˵ĿռֶΣѰ޷ӦȥҲ
˫ֿʼָ侲һɨΧüͷ𣺡ֻһ취һնɱȻԼĿռͨ޵еģƣҲΪ㣡
򣡡
˫˫һᣬͫбȻ󰲾ظǰ
ͣ
һ֮ǹ䲻Ӻգ޼᲻
ȻСҪҴλսӮռˣ򲻻Źκλᡭռ𣿡
ת֮ʣ˫һץָſպץסĹʥǹǹУײʹʥǹ֮Ҷȣֳ
ҶȴЦ˫㣡
žž
޲ã೤ֻ֣Ϊ˫䲻ץסᣬͻأػ
Сӣ̫˰ɣ򣡣
ѪҲ飬˫ƺҪȴû⣬ץסʥǹ˫ͫѸͱһĹâ
֮ʱĳںϣΪıгһֵ֮Ҷȴһ
ڲŷ֣ѾˣҳʱУȻֶΡɣ
һ֮ҶڵĿռ䣬ץסᣬ˫ͫٴһ⣬˸ŹϵԹâ
Ǽ
ҶȴŽֿܵ飬Էеԣ֪óֶΡ
ǧͼ
߶ȻʩչǧͼʵԣһƴСƬɲǣҶ׼Ϊһԭ㡣
ಣ
䣡
ߣƬһֻһҶʧĿռ䣬Ȼ͵أֱӶ֮УƬռױƬ֮¡
µ
Ҷȳһ֮׼õģĿռ䣬Ƭ׾Ͷˣ̵Ŀռ䣬ʲôʱ˴һǻᱻķѡ
ͣ
߶ǧͼϢģҶ󷽣֮سȥ
ҵıռ䡭δ
ȫ벻ҶǿպֻĿһһΣ˿ռ䣬
䣡
֮ͻȻ֣ͷеоҶȾصף˫ػ֮δץסƬʱһƴشͷ

һҽУء
֮У˫ϥع£ĳͷԪѹ֮װԪ飬˲Ϣͻ
Եûˣ濹⣬ΪѾﵽߵĳ̶ȣϧҴͻ֮󣬽һ٣ΪСʵѾﵽڣв࣬ҲԱҸϳ
֮ΪһɷӡڣҶȴһ߳仹һ麹ǰ֤Լ
㡭㾹Ȼյһǵԡ˵Ȼû˿
˵İ񣬳ڵ֮¡

Ҷ׵һץʹУץסƬ
˻ߣҵģҵģ
ģ˰ɣȻʱյףȴҵ°ܽϣҲˣԪҲʧĲ࣬һˣ㻹ʸӵ𣿴ӴԺҵģ
̯ģȥ飬ȻϸϸƬ磬ȻоƬıʮֵľ޴ֻһ飬ıʲô̬
ϧĵ磬ģ޷ƽ⣬Ʒʡƺ޷ȣȻģԵĹϣҴδģǾڵԣûϣһϵ
˾޴޷ı𣬶ôֲһȻˣ˭˿µ
Ƭã˿Ʒδģ֮⣬ʲô޷


1581 ֶʵŵ
ҵıҵģ̫ʧȥǿֶΡ
Ӵҵģ
ҶתӸɭɭȵӦÿǵʲô³ɣңǴõģ
һõ˭ӵУ
ң֮УȻиڤ̷¶㲻õȻƬȴǣҶȾãֻоȼ硣
޿ΰȼ磿
ҲģȻΪˣһҪȫΣ֪һᣬһӡ
˵
Ҷ⵹סˣΪԪ󣬱֮ɢڴ󲿷ּ䶼ʧˣҲҶȿԽҲҵ˵Ҷ޷֪ġ
ಣ
һһɹϢΪ⣬˫֮ͫС
ʱûаջ̫޴ˣõֽһ٣շ񣬻õôһ
˼ƬҶ򣺡ҸطúϢһ£ҵʵִﵽһܸߵĸ߶ȣ
ϲ
ͻȻֶ۵Ц֮Уƶ
ʦ𣿡
ĺȻһΪʲôǿУ޷ӦģڵʵӦ
ҶȾͷ˾裬ת֮ʱһ۵ֶۣ֪ʱǰ
Ưգ·ҲӵߵںϣҶȸоκϢ
ʱģ˶ã
ʣԺһ룬ҶȾ;ֶۣӲ򵥣̫ˣʵͨ޷ֶ۵Ϊ
һսҶսʤǿĶ֣˵ʵ׷־ǶộŵԵģѴǧͼΪı
ֶȻǰݣÿߣϣȴҲʮֶӿģΪů
ҶȾһֶһʳԣȴҲûģû뵽ʦһֱǵ£޻˵
ҵĵӣϢƿأңԶԪ֮ʱգҲҵ㣬ҺʲôϷҲ֤㣬ǰҴδ˽㣬δȫ͸㣬Ҳ޷׿͸㣬Ϊɽͷһӣһ޷͸㣬Ҳû˿Կ͸㣬ĳɾͣʼԽԤϵĸ߶ȣ
ֶۺ΢Цݶࣺһ٣Ǳ̤ܿ٣Ȼ˵Ҳ⣬ΪʦѾ޷ʲôӵУκ޷ӵеĵͨעû˿Խʲôɣڿʼںϴǧͼݺ޵У̤٣޷κ㣡
лʦȫ
Ҷ侲꣬оĵֶǷԷθ̸ģ޻˵ǣֶۿԿ޷ֶۡ
࣬ȻңԶ
ˣҪƱǽ֣֮ôʹȫܣҪǰ
˿̣ҶԺ
֪
ҪԼıԴǧͼںϣһܣ޵񣬾䣬ˮʮѪ̫⡢޼˻ס֮ȵȶᱻۻϤ
ڣ󲿷ܣƿء
ҼȻѡֶ죬ʱ򣬽Լֶ죬ںΪһ塭Ҷ᲻֪жҪȥѡ
ಣ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ̯ģһͼֳƯڰա
ǧͼ
ۻ֣ͼ̾ϧû˼棬ҵĵӣȴڽ죬õĴСҶȣͷ㵤еķӡɣ
ǣʦ𣡡
߶еķӡʼʧӴԪӵҶȻǹǿԪӡܲԪ磬񣬰ԪһƬص硣
ȻѾ䡢ˮʮھƬȷͳͳڵ֮С

ۻδҶȣƾǿԪ񣬱Ҷ붼ȷ㶼ܵõȻˣͬѰô
Ҷƽǵӣʱյõģ
õɽ־Ŀ飬ɽһΪʦΪںϴǧͼ֮ͨͨںϵķֻþѪ뷨ںϣõϿɣǰѷڵ󷨡ԴȫںڣںԴľѪ֮У̺ʵߣںϴǧͼҲǺѣ
˵꣬۱ָҶȵüģȻһֻ֣ڴǧͼ֮ϣٴ߶ǧͼΪʦǧͼ֮У
Сǧ
ͷţǧͼ֮С
ˡ
ǧͼͷһǳ֮⣬ȻҶȵʶǧͼң۵ʶҲŽС
Ǵǧͼӵ˹Ŀռ䡭ȫںϴǧͼ֮У߶󷨣ʩչͨʶޱ߽У
ǣ
Ҷɢǳ磬Ȼӭ󷨣飬ǿյǹɣȻԴϢУ֮УҶȿһЩصĿռ䱾ԴϢǴǧͼ

ٴһ㣬ǧͼⲿڲʶΪҶȵʶΪǳâںǹ֮С
ȻҶȾ͸оԼʶȫؽǧͼյġ
һʱ֮Уֶϵʶͼںϣһںϣһ飬һ棬㣡
磬ӴǾһģ
Сǧ¶ǿɰЦݣûһΣҶʶ£Сǧʼ΢΢رƮ죬ʶСǧʼڣͬϪ㼯һ𣬳Ϊһӵĺ
ʱֶҶҲоˡ
ֶմӡһɹɴҶȼʶģ⣬ԣŵɹִǧͼڲ󷨣ȻǿץһΪһ硣
ҶʶȻɱΣȻٿȻۣʶ󲿷ֶΪ˴ǧͼ뿪ͼռ䣬صʱտռ䣬ֶۣѴǧͼΪ磬Ϊǳ͸̬ȻҶȵ󣬻ΪһǳϪؽѪ֮ѪʼҶ֮ڡ
ھȼôǧͼںѪҲںļ⡢֮УһɣǧͼͳΪıҲӵдǧͼ
ǰϣָȻҶȵüġ

ʱҶڿʼȼ֮·
Ѫ֮УҶѾǧͼԼʶֻΪһεѪһ㾫΢΢ԼѪУʱǧͼң֮УҲʼӵһЩǳ
ȼڼʱֶֻҶȣ·ĴأͳΪ˵ʱջҶС
Ҷȸоѣֶ۵ѹ̫ˣ𽥱Ʈ죺ҵһ棬Ҳһ桭ֲ²ÿͷţͿԼڵһУȻᣬǧͼ㵮ˡж棿ĿԴ


1582 ǧͼ
޽֮أߵһգƯѩɽۣ֮
Ǿղ˵ЩҶ֪ˣ̫ƻȻ׷ħټ˶ʮ񡭡뷭죿
һƬ֮С
һͨĽ𹬣мʮִߣΧѲߡ
ڣ칬۵Ļ̫ʼҲ࣬ڶİٱǾʮЩˣɶǡһȺں֮ڡ߹ˣ칬ף
ٱǾһֱûл̫ʼ˿иǧСǣ׷ħָȫ
һ׷ħ棿ܷ칬ֻǲ֪ĿģʵҲ̹ˣҶ£۷֣׷ħһҲǣ̫ƻҲѲϹͥǼǿѾˣЩˣлߵһǲΣ칬
̫ʼЦЦ½ƻʧ󣬲ûаѷһ򾡣øˣվ칬ڸðеĽɽ磬ȡɽţе޽֮أǿ칬᧿Σвģôˡˣ˹Σ
ǰǸû뵽ȴǸ
̫ʼҡҡͷεʧܣռԭ򣬺ٺ٣̫ˣ
ٱǾɫͷɱ˷һڳͷ֮磬һֱ˵˹ɴ˰ڰڵģ·ð˳ͷ֮磬ӳкãӵó𣿡
칬Ҫģһ飬ܷһݡ˼Ӧ÷ڶѰҽǬԼͥϣЩвģ
һȫȥ죬ҵİٱٱ벻֮ͬУ׼ᣬٸ
ٱǾŭɶһҲǰ칬Ԫһֱ£һΡ
ϣһ죬׷ħ桢úһս
̫ʼ˵ٱǾһǸĽ뼵ʡ
ʱգ
ˡ
ֶ۴а׵֣ҶüǰƿƯһشҶȣں˴ǧͼڵӦǰ󣬳ԸвģѾˣʵֻܴﵽҪúУ½ۼ֤˻̫ʼͷٱǾ˹
ʦ𣡡
ҶȻţȴۣžη֮ģǿĿãһΪĿ꣬׷ǣԽǣ
ۺȻһЦȴ֪һֱȥҪ˵£ӦøеȣȻ֪Ǭɣ
Ǭǵڳͷ֮磬޵ǿߣ˴Ԫ֮ã칬֮ѹͨ޵УҶ˫ۣǬһֱڼɵţڣҲС
ȷǿ󣬴ں޼ʯıԴϻбͨӦÿǬĹϵ꣬͸ӦϢУ̺ǬӰӣȥƽţΪҪĥ㣬㾭˿飬ֻδնɱˣ
ȻҪ˵ģǧҪСǬҲҵĵˣǧټƣһ취ѹңֻһʼǬӳͷ֮ӳʱʵѾͻƣñ־֮ģ㣬Ƕֶ죬лɳˣΪʦҪع֪㻹Ҫ죬ɽңָı䣬һðչֵʱνʱӢۣ֮Уҫ۵

ֶ˵꣬Ƴ˴ھеҶȣתͲӰ
ڼԪ֮磬ٶȣҲȻ޷Ѱ

Ҷ붯һ£ҲܣΪڻںϴǧͼȻоֶۣ̫߸ϣܿģ޷ģǬΪҪԸֶ죿꣬ΪΪңӡ½ʦò´㣬ڣ
Ȼ𣺡ˣϲ㣬ܰѴǧͼںΪ
ֵأˣֶܿ۵Ϊ𣿡ҶȾ߶ȼںϡ
͸ϢֶΣʵ̫ˣǲأֶδ죬ҵǿó󶼿ԣش
ҵУԶԶδֹ
ҶȲ̫࣬Ӧʱգں֮С
޽֮أ
ռŵգȻһˣһɫֶۣһ֮С
ֶеֶΡõ̫˻ʱʣȻҲ˵ˣԶţ̫˻ʱʿļ֮һ
ʿĿЦһ˫Ӣüо˺ء
Խһʱգ޽֮أٶȿ쵽˼ĵزֱƽأʱһƬŤʱա

˵üУ˸һ⣬ΧռϢӰ죺ƬŤʱǴĳ棬ֶϢ֮С

ϿŤʱա
ʱգҶȣͻȻ䣬Ʈ죬ΪһƬǳ͸âȻʧ˲Ϣ֣ȫûκϢ
Ĵǧͼڵһ˵ıֱںˣµ߲٣
ֳҶȸо壬˴ǧͼһ㡣
ˡɲŮ¹ùáһڵͨ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬ˡɲŮ¹ùþ⣬ҶǰһҶȣЩĵơ
ɣ
һѹʹ֮£ֳҶȣ㷢С㲻úú
ǡˡɲŮ¹ù񣬶һŵĿ⣬ǰǿߣȻѹͷϣ޷Ĵڡ

˿̣Ҳ񣺡ǡǾȻҲСƿˣһȺﰡ
ɲŮЦǷҲòȥƿǣǱѹʸ񣬳Цǣ
ҶȴϼˣˣѾҳɲŮ¹ùãǶҪѧεҪѧˣǱѡѾûģ
ǡ
仰ɲŮ¹ùüֱʻһ¶ҲûУһ󣬷׷׹
ãôţͬε³ʱգԪ𣬵飬ȫʧ˵ûһôֻܽˣ
Ҷؿ
ôСħͷ֣ˣҲŹ㣬㲻úƿڴ
㲻˲ʣʵܣѹ㻹ʲôģңҾ͵ϵɣҲ춼ҪٴΣ
ŭһץͷԪ񣬸ĨɱˣȻ򣬵ʱ䣬һͬ
˼ʱƨͨ
ϻصԼĵбȡ뿪Ҷһ̷֣ˡ
ӣ
һ֣ҶȰѾӣٰס۵ʮˣͳͳͷų˿ΪʱգЩš
ӴʱվˣҰѿЩ˵ķӡ㣬ʱıҲһ㣡
ɲǼ䣬һ⣬ӿ뾪ڡ
ûȾӻҶѾˣžϲЦݣתһĸ֡
Ӵˣʱյһˣ


1583 
ʱ֮⣬Ԫ֮ռ䣡
һʯΡռҶȿʱգ˴Ű㹦ǰգʱӰˡɲŮ¹ùá
ϯȻǿҶȣҶȹޱȣ˹ˣǰѸԶõԴͳͳ˳
ʱֻʺ棬ǳΪߣʱյ𣬵ȥɽ磬ֻ߰ɣ
ҶشУӹ䣬תѰٶڼԪ֮ռУˡɲŮ¹ùٶȱҶ٣ȴҲСƵٶȡ
޽֮أ칬̳
һƬѩԺ֮У˹΢ʧؿգȻٱǾΪʧ䣿ɷģĴһ޽֮ؽΪǿɽ
Щڡ
ѩƮ䣬һƬһƬڴ˹ϣٱǾɽļĿ⣬ڲǾҶվָ߶ȣ׶ǣѺ޶壡
ٱǾϡƽӦûκ壬ɵ磬׷ʲôѾվ۷֮ϣֻǵȥ·ÿ㣬ϹѴӦ㣬ȥ磬һȰҲֻ꼻һ֣㣬ˣһв㣬ȥ磬
Ϊˣȥ硭ң
˹Ȼûмɡ
ڲ֣ӴһݣΪ칬һ߸ϵĹǻкܶҪȥ߾˹ϵǳ෴ߣǵѰҸᣬɱзߣ
ȻһҶΪ칬Ч
˹ٱǾȭǱ𣬶ȥƺͿٱǾ˼
Ͷˣǲһ㣬Ҳ׻һٱǾֶŴ˹ȥıӰ˼Ц
޽֮ء
һ籩ʵĻɫ硣
ʱһ󷨡
͸󷨣Լǿߣڲͬ桢ǿռУԼˡ
ߴƯżʮ
һ֮С
ʱպþۼ֮УΪߣǰ׷ħ棬Ǭħħһ
ħǬж˸ɫֿ׷ħ棺ħ档̫ƻǶδкǷ칬̫ƻΪħ˵ѣ˵ϣħ̫ƻ񣡡
֡Ǭ֣ǾһΪڵķ
׷ħƳǿߣһ߰˵ǿ̫ƻʵǿķϣһ治мΪ飬ϴӰȷСǿߣŶңǺֻΪƵ칬ҵİ취ˣսİ취Ǵ򹷣ѹЩˣ
ħԭħжϣǾͷˣݣǴ򽻵͵Ͷģ
֣ɽ磬ݺ޵У̫ʼ̫ƻʲô߱λֵܣħ֮ȣȻңڣֻҪһָȫʢʵˣ
ǣǣ
ǬħһԸ͡
¸˼ˣǬ÷ħð׷ħ棬һﵽĿģ𣬶л㼰ʱһ٣ʵͻͽԳΪͷӪĸ֮һ
ħڰУɭɭЦš
ʱӶ֮⣬һħǰλͣǰȥ磬Ϊͽӷϴ
ãͳ
ˢˢվһͬŴ뿪
Ťʱգ
ֶϢͻأʧˣ
һ𰵽ˣһŤʱգǵ˫ۣΧʱϢִŤʱգƺδʲô֡
ŤʱʮָӣκϢÿʱյϢ໥֮䶼Էֶ֪ҲŹȻϣʵķۣ
ؿΧһŤʱգ󲽣һʱգÿʱգѰҷֶ֮ء

Ťʱ֮⣬ɫ֮С
һǳ͸Ӱ֣ԱҲӰȴ͸ģ͸Ӱ̾ǼԪ֮ռ䵢һ󣬻صŤʱգ߶ǧͼҲǼˣ
˵ߣҶȣ
Ա߼ӰˡɲŮ¹ùһһֶ
λŤʱҽ̫Ҵ½ӴҲǵĵҶȼһ񣬷Ťʱա
ոշɳףҶȲȻֹԱ֣һ⣬Ҷɫ𽥵䣬һɨŤʱգҲҪҸоһΣϢŤʱΧռƯӦһΪĸ֣
˵ͷҲɭɫ
ţ
̫Ҵ½
һٻӰɳʥǣȻԪаʡֶĿǿߣٻӰڸ߿
Ŀ֣Ҷոմһң˿һµΧʱУ֪ʲô
Ԫаٿһź޷Ӧô˵ΪѾ٣һĴڣ
ĪǶˣ˶вͬ飬ֶ֮Уʵֻڻ֮µһ仰Ա˶ɫ
죡
ȻδǹսĴߣһĴڣֶҲֻĴص޵
Ƕ죬Ǿһ鷳
侲ذۣݸҶȡ
ͿǿߣҶ룬˳̫ᷢҴ½ĴڣǶ죬ʲôԣУҶǿߣ
񣿡
һ̫Ҵ½ǿߣڣҶѹ
ʵڲ˼飡
ಡ
˲ʱ꣬ɳʱա
ʱֿ֮ƹƬʱգɳŤʱգҶȣߣȻ
ҶȵϢ˷ǽȣ˿޷ҶȵϢ
ãλˡɲŮ¹ùãңԶʱգӴ˾̫Ҵ½һӣȲ˵Щ̫ǿˣҶܽӦزأȻ棡
Ҷǰ˫򵥽ܣͰѻ˻˭Ƕ죬Ϊ̫Ҵ½ҲҪһ
ã
˷׷׵ͷ
䣡
Ҷָ΢΢ǰץȥƬʱտʼ𶯡

һһ𰵽ӰȻŤʱһζٶȿѾٿԿġ
ֶʱ˿̣һʧҡͷ죬Ƕ죬Ȼˣ
¹ùÿҶȣһ񡭡Ǽ˶࣬Ҳ̫ˣ
ȷǿ󣬳̫࡭
ҶһЦ˿壬ǿߣѸӦ̫ƻһ߶ȵľͷɵ磬޵С
ϣһ΢΢ϤϢ붷ݵͷŵս䣬ôһϵǹսĴߣսľͷ̫ǿˣڵʵҸ֣߶ս䣬̫ʼ⣡
ͻһ٣졭ǲ˰ŬУʱʱ̶̿ᱻ˲ڽ£Ҷ𽥵ڣٶȣͣǰˡ


1584 
컺ףɨÿһˡ
ͬҶⷽˣ̫Ҵ½ĺҲڰŶһһ
һˣһֱɪɪ
Ƿֶ
һɱܰ
һһɨˣĿһֶҵˣ̫˻ʱʣȻԷΪʾͻŹ㣬Ͼ飬˭йսϷ׸ңΣҲðϢɣ
ֶΡΡ߳ƺ־嵽˼㣬˼Ȼ죬ɱҵĵӣɱֻһһ̫˻ʱʣڿԽ㣬Źǣ
¶һĨЦ⣬ʮ⣺̫˻ʱսʱڣһĴУֶȻ֪ȤֻҪ£񷣬ѻڣͷɣ
⡭ֶһ
˿ͷ
ʱ˿̣ġԪаʡĿˡ¹ùáɲŮһţţ˭û˵
Ψֻзֶһˣܶѹȡ
һˣȴڷֶ޷ѡʹ֮ʱ˳Ҷȣ򶷻죬޼ɵɴݣ죬鵽һ˫ʧһѾͬ⣬̫˻ʱʽ£¿˽Դϲ˽ᣬǺܺαǨŭˣǿ
ҵˣѵôˣ쵹ǶҶһһߣһڲͬĿ⡣
Ȼû˵٣ΪߣΩӵϢҷֶҲη㣬Ī֮Уߣ
²ţǿ˵ϼ仰
ҶǫһЦɽɱ¾ϣΪ־ͷӦÿ͸һвǣαطҪΪǣ
ߣս屦ʱӦһڡˣʧ֮ˣ
˿̣޴ͷƸʤһֶ˵ȥȻ³ԶԶֹЩ
ҵˣйŵԣҲҪվһ˵ȥҲΪ˺֮ˣ죬Ҫ̫˻ʱʣȥֶѾںϣһ㣬ֶҪܶʹ࣬Ҳ֪ģ˲ϣΪͷܷҵһ
Ҷ˵ֶ֣꣬ȥ
ۣ
ֶһʹ಻ѵһѪȻӿУ³һֻϵĻƽëʣҶϡ
һֶ̣ҲҶȹģ֮ǰǰ־壬ǵģҶȻΪ̫Ҵ½ΪԼ棬졣
̫ǿˣ˭Ըȥ
ҶȴΪֱվΪ˵׶ҶȳˣٿҶȵĿ⣬ٲȻһˡ
̫˻ʱʡ죬£ϣ͵Ϊֹ벻ҪƣҶץס̫˻ʱʣȻ򶷻졣
ˣ̫˻ʱʵȷһϵһںϣֻϧܶԪĥʧ̫࣬Ҳܵĥ
ҶȵԺ
̫˻ʱʣҶȺ֪һǶ죬̫ǿİ΢΢òԷпܳΪǿС
һƳֶҶȱȻΪ׼һʺ
˼
ץס̫˻ʱʣһ֮УȻҶȣˣ̫˻ʱʣýҵģֶȻҪ£
˻һһ̡
ҶȲȻһŭãʲôã죬ǳȥѰҷż̫˻ʱʣδϣ˻ʱʣѵ˻ʱʣ˭õӦûصУ
ҿû˼ҲмЩֶȻԸ⣬ֻܽץȥ
˵꣬һ̤գۣӰȻҶߴ쿪ָ֣ſֶץȥ
ֶŵûһ㷴Ӧٶȣ˵ˡɲŮ¹ùöδӦ
һֶ̣磬ֻжΰӰ
ҵˣ죬̫ˣȻϣȴ۸ģ
ĺȻ䣬ҶȵӰ֪ʲôʱ򣬷죬һָҪڷֶʱͷһ⣬ѷֶŲ
Ŷ
ָץ֮УһһЦݣʱˣѾ˺ףתͼҶ뷨ֶǰˣٶȡٶȣӦĿռͨȷܳԽҵٶȣ
ûֺͨԣػǣ
Ҷһ߳һ붷ն죬Ϊս㣬Ӧôе֮αر̫˻ʱʣѽ㣬ţƽǸã˾Ӧúúûȥ
ҵðѷֶȥȻҲˣҶһֱսַУ뿪ɽǧ꣬񹦴ɣĵһֵýֵĶ֣ҶһҲͰˣ
һΪ
֪Ҷ붼û룬ϴӦˡ
ʹ죬ҵļӣ
һЦȻ̤һһ֮İ֣žĿ⣬æˡ
ͻͻͻ
˵һУǻء
һ̤ǰĻɫգʱ飬Դݿ֮ƣҶϯȥĿռ䣬˺ѣ
֮
߶һӡҶڵĿռ䣬ͻȻʼıʲôƿϵԶԶĿ
ɲ
컺ﶯ֣ʳָҶգ͵һ㡣
䣡
֮Ҷȣ֪ô£Χռ俪ʼ飬ҶȰΧûӳȥĿܣһˣֻܱռ䣬С
ǧͼ
Ҷڴ߶
壬ٿȻ͸ռ䣬ȫһ̣ʧڿռ֮С
Ȼֳ֮ա
ƶϢʲôռͨ
Щ㵣ȻӶұֳۣҶȣٴһ㡣
Ȼһ޴ռ䣬ҶΧްصҶȾյʧֳһա
һ㣬ϵ¹ҶÿһΣ׵ȫûܵӰ졣
ԭɹѴǧͼΪͻһ٣аɽ磬ǹۣͥ޷ٶвˣ
Զǰռ䣬ǱըٿҶȵĴԣ̫ʵˣҶȳɳĲԤϡ
ǿߣڼʶҶȵֶΣÿһˣţе𾪣Ҳеο
ϾҶȵǿ󣬲ܸġ
ʱ֮󣬿ռ䵽ǻҶ˳죬ȥû壬ҳϣҲ֣㣬Ҳвң
ںһռ䷨ΪɣϢУ̺Ȼںϣû뵽ɽ֮У֣ڿռϣ˫
治ٹ֪ȥ޷κҶȵģ˭öԷӵĿռͨˣңʲô֣
ҶȣҶȱȭʩ
ҼסˣҶȣʵԺɽ۷壬ǻģ̫˼ˣ
һЦȻһգʧ֮С
ˣˣȷӰӣ˿ȻӭҶȷ
Ҷ̩Ȼ붷콻֣Ҳջ̫࣬ʵȻǿޱȣûгΪĴǧͼֿܾͲѾվڰ۷壬һ죬һء


1585 ׳
Ťʱ
ŴִŤʱգ̫Ҵ½Ϸ
ˡ¹ùáɲŮ̫Ҵ½˲䣬޲׷׷̾û뵽ʱգܽһ½
޲ݣԻġԪаʡֶ˵һοԺУ½ÿһѪ
漴˽̫Ҵ½Ԫаʴ˽ʥϢҶģֱӽ·硣
ֽѾвٶڷ֮УĪȻҶҶ𡢾УٻҲˡ
ҶȲδУڵĿռ䡣
ǺܾˣǳԴԴϵԣҶƯϷҶһ裬һȻپΡΡƯҶǰͬħƵģŵöֱӡ
ٵΪ´֮󣬾̫˼飬ΪǺ
Ҷȵʱ֮ãõشջ֮һپİɣӴԺҲϴΣԴԴľ·

һᣬپŻ·ʱǾִż˴
Ȼ󣬳ʥ磬ڵʱգҶȴδܼپ룬ҲΪɣھ͸ᣬﵱĵڴȥһԣһ㣬㳤뽻ң
ֻҪ㲻ҪʳңȻԸ⣡پؾϲͷ
ҶȲ˵ˣҲ᲻ɱ㣬Ӵٴ˺úУҪʲôܿڣԣ⣬㻹һУֲٵֲҪǳɻȥ̫Ҵ½ϣһƬ棡
˵Сһ
پ˵ȲУ״̬ʧ޴ʼ
˵ԴΪҪõ֡

ͷռ䣬ûģھ֮ʱһرҶٻüһǹâһɸߵϷʣռϷ
ͬʿѹ֮ϡ
ĺȻ䣬һţǡ
ҶҲž⣺ǰ֮ţľʧԪ˭Ҳû뵽һֱʱյأ
ˣʵ̫ǿˣܵõ֮ͬţţͷںһţͷ񣬿ǴϸԪߴڣûƿؾ֮ţͥĹģͲﵽ׳󣡡
һ죬һȥʶ֮ŵģҲʹãɽĴУһ٣ҾɽˣѾޡؼӴ˾̫Ҵ½ΪԴȱȻҶԽȥУԴȥټңȡԴ
Ҷĳ˵䣬һݷΣѹĵס
ܳΪԴÿ˶ĪԴҿҲ˶񡭡
ȻһЦǾޣȻתͷϷ뿪
Ҷһڲһعգ̳֣ˣԪ޽֮أռӵţԶţһʥأҵĿռڣȷԸɽ磬һİ
ЩĪҪ̫ϧıУ
Ҷ
΢΢ףҶƯա
ʮ֮
ˣ
䣬һͨһعռֻ֣ĴŷֶԪаʡĿͭƻǧơ״۵ȵҶҶԶȵȵ󣬷׷硣
ĸΰе𺳣þ޷ع
˿ʼ˽벻ͬռ䣬ҶȣԶƯţ·һ۵ٻӢ˵ط
ʦ𣡡ٻͨһ¡
ҶȿٻĿֻɨ¶οЦݣѴﵽˡȻŬУɽʱڣģǿߵɳʱʱ䣬úУؿռķԿ
̤һᴫΪʦѿɽ۷壬ָо½¼֮ɽһɷ칬ķ籩칬һҵİ취Ϊʦԥ磬Щֻǲ룬δȷһһ䣬ҪúУ
ٻס񣬿ͷӲṼʦ⣡
ҶЦЦȥԴһᣬȻٻ
ˣͷҶΪⳡ棬ɽ֮Уɽ磬Ϊ֮һ
֮ҶȵˡɲŮ¹ùãʵӵǿҾʹˣһ
ˡɲŮ¹ù÷׷һ𣺡
ڣȻԣȴǴʯ֮УȡģߣԲ޷ﵽָ߶ȣ
Ե˽⣬ǾҶȡ
Ҷ˵ǣ𾪶ԣûһֱ޷׷ϣЩǿߣͨģڵɵʣҾʹˣͬһֻǺͨģȴ㹻ǽлȥ磬ȻᴫǣӸ߼
ˣ
ˣ
񣬾ȻҶһͬ£ᶨƵĿ⡣
ᣡ
֮䣬Ҷȵ˫֮䣬ҶȵĽɫӰҶȵ̫УҰԼԵļԦ飬һ֮ͬУ°빦
ಣ
һ㣬ɫӰͻأطüġ

֮ŴУҶȸ׿ͷΪҶȲδ˽СǼǣǰǡ
ġ
Ȼһн飬ҶȽعռ䣬Ȼ֮С
ͻһ٣δúйҴﵽһٸеĸ߶ȣ붷콻֣ᵽ߾̫ƻ׷ħ־ͷǿһٻﵽ٣Цɽʱ򣬾ҺΣ
ಣ
̳֮ϣҶȸովģץȻְѶʮ뵶ūͳͳٻ
ˣ
顢ʥžսʿ뵶ūһͬҶʩ
һͬ죬ҾģҰѴһָǣ
ѹͷſҶ˫󱳣ֻһɹڵѪ׷׵ӿ
Լһº
Ϊһ߸ʬҶȵǰƯŲٵѪҶһ㣬ʮѪ򣬷뵶ū
˵õ֮һһɿ
ǵսѾ٣ﵽ߶ȣūҲںϸڸ˼άʵҲ֮䣬ǲǿĵ
ҶοЦЦʼץһѪ
һѪ֮С
ѪҵʵҪﵽھ۷塭ſڣȲģѪ˽ȥ
ʱҶȵʼٵĴ߶ȼգ˫Ŀ֮У⣬ԣڱ


1586 췭ظ
ɽ磬һңԶʱУ
һصʱա
ʱ֮УʱʱһЩ칬ִ߷ɹϢʮֵĹϣֻĹϽһƬɳ֮Уɳ룬ִߣ󷨣ֳһϼ̨
ˣϸԪ̫ɳǡķӡδ顭
һЩִߣԵЩġ
֪жء칬ҲԪϻǸǿߣ
ִ³졣
˿̣Ƭʱ֮⡣
ǧˣŰ׷ħ桢ͳħǬĴߣͬˣǰʱա
ħ׷ħʩħ棬ʱ֮УϼԪУǿġ̫ɾеŴ˷֮󣬾Ͱõıӡڵķӡ磡
ҶϸԪǿߣϧǱ̫ɾ̫࣬ɳͱ̫ɾӡδ֪磬û뵽׷ħ۲˵
ǿɲҪɱƬײͳЦϴ칬һҪӱر
ħֶ԰׷ħ桢ͳȭħһɱȥħһ
һͬжߣ׷ħ浱һǧ֣Ϣʱա
ħνġħǬЦݣ̫ɳڣ޼ʯ
ҵıԴ޼ʯȻ
ǬȥûǰǸǱطâɣĵͷ̫ƻ׷ħ棬һԼ֪ǣΪҶԸ칬ҵõ޼ʯҲԼʲôɫǿָѹ̫ƻסնɱ۷ʱڵİ׷ħ棬Ҳһаˡ
ħЦǺǵĵ䣬ʵЩΪĥ칬Ȼɱҳͨܣ˹ڣþԭаͶ칬칬ͨϣ
ǵȻΪԼƿ£ȴ֪ΪնղٵǿߣҲ¶ƿͨܣһ˶֪Ƕţնɱõܣ
̫ƻЩˣֻڻҡ
̫ƻ׷ħЩڻңһùͥԸ칬ħĺܺãƻ׷ħ棬̫ɳʱգΪأõ޼ʯ
ԽǿȻԽϣȥ硭
ߣ
˰һŴʣǧ֣Ƿߣǰ
䣡
Լʱȥ
ʱ֮Уֻƻɱɱ칬ִߡ
Щ칬ִߣԶ벻н죬ö֮նɱ
ɽ磬ʱ֮ϣƯɽ磬˾ηѩɽ
ңԶգƯǧߣͷߣ̫ƻжԼ
ǰѩɽ֮ϣȻǡ칬ڰɽ̳
һȻЩη֮ģ񣬻٣ҲЩɵȻҲж칬ִߣնɱǴûйˣɱ칬̳
Ϊûˣ߳һλ֮УĸǰͲ칬£Ȼû˿һ촫棬ͨұɹʶǲܰ;ϣ
̫ƻÿһԼ󷽵ǿǣϾսңȡϣλĿģֻɽ練籩ӵҰˣ
ԣ
Ƕڣɣ·ʱգ칬ǲ󣡡
񣬾Ѷ뿴ǿ̫ƻ
һָȱѹķߣҡɱ
̫ƻͻȻһ̤ѩɽ֮ϵ칬һ㣬ֻһ޴ݣȻϢ˰ɽ磬칬̳
¡
̫ƻͨңԶѩɽ֮۱ըˡ
Ȼķߣ糱ˮ㣬ɱȥ
Խ޽֮أɽĽһ磬ںϣͨУȴԽ硣
ͨĵ·
ֻͨҲǹ󣬵Ŀռ䡣
ʱʱͨͷһЩ棬еķѣʮ־޴󣬷ȥƻɽʱʱ̿Ʈ

һɽѣͻȻըŵӰʼ趯ȻΪһˣ
Ȼ󣬴һգֶһոյϢ̫ƻ׷ħΪӪķͬһ죬ּ·Ϯ칬أնɱִߣ̫ƻɱɽ칬̳
ǡԳΪ
ֶǰ泾׷׵䡣
棬Ͽǿͷķ㣬ֶ΢ĵָò˰ɣɢû뵽칬˼Ըˣ
һ˸ɢչؼʮ꣬ŻָȻ£ɽ磬˹ͥǼˣֻ㣬ⸯɢ
ɢȷûôҲ֪㣬Ҷԣնɱ󣡡
ǰңԶ½¼˷ȻῪʼԸ칬һ֣Żɱһ󣡡
ǿ󡭡ܣҲȫĸ㣬֮ûо԰գҲ濹ģǻҪһȴȴʱ̵һ
ʱֶ۵ϣ¶δйޡ
ѡĬֶ۽ķ
̫Ҵ½
ռ䣡

ҶȻۣչ˫ۣȻվ𣺡һθоĸоһ۷壿ҪֻҪҵﵽ׾٣٣ҪҪӴ򵥿ӣұܴﵽֲʳϰ취նɱǿУǵ
УҶȳɹںְѸһ飬ڵֱʱǿ˲١
ת˲ҶȾ뿪䣬ռ䣬УϢ뿪ˡ
ಣ
Ҷ̫Ҵ½֮⣬׼ȥ뼸ӻʱΧգٷ
ٺ٣ϴͻ٣вǰǿ߻ع飬߶ͷҲͻ˰߾Ҳͻƽ׼㡭
ħһٷȻǰſ
ĵܣɽٴ£̫ƻ׷ħ棬Ŷͳˣ칬Կˡ˵ȵҲʼ֣ͷɽҲˣǿ½ӶԴ׼괨ֵܣ½նɱħͷ֪жˣ
̴ٷ
ֵܣѷõڷѵ׷׻ع鵶ڣɽңҵҲպһΪԼΪҲ̤٣뵣ģԼౣأæ֮һ㣡
նӵ
ɽŴܵ½ǿ߹赲ϣϽ磬Щʥɽ޼Ҳ˹칬ִƺҲʧˣ
Ĺġ
û뵽ôʱ䣬ȴô£½Ȼıɽ֣ɽԽԽң
Ҷһ̾ȻΪģͷһ


1587 ֶ죬޽
ˣ
̫Ҵ½֮УӰ״ͭƻ
Ҷȣչ
ҶȻͷһ⣬̬½磬ȥɽ

ǿɽ·ȥ
Ҷͨһʩչǧͼʧ̫Ҵ½
ȼյʱȴһۻɵĴ½
һ磬Ŵ½ȻǷǳ޴ȴΪ磬Եڲͬ
ΧԶȼյʹÿռӵء
û뵽һ𣬻ƴĹ̡
룬һɽ籾Դ⣬ڻΧڿƱԴ磬Ѹ֮С
Ȼ䣬ʦӽһƯŷ泾Цݵϲʦܣ٣
ʦ㣬㲻ҲӶ٣̤ͬϲͬϲ𼴿վӭ
ʦöӶ٣٣ô²
ͣ²תȥĴźҲӽɳΧһЩӡϢǸոմУ
ˣε󷨹Уĥɱ䣬ΪߣҲ˷Ծɱ䡣
ʱֹԫҲһӣ˾޴֮󣬿ʼݵϢ
ʦˣ
֮ʣûȥãֹԫٿȻա
˷׷׾ϲͷĿ⣬ȻһӰֶ۵Ҷȡ
λʦ㣬ʦ֣ˣ
նҶȶĴ仯Ҳе𺳣Էĵĸжʩ
ǰǷۻɣȫںһ𣬿һɽڲҲأһЩѨǼɣ󷨣ǰҪôḶ́Ҳô̵ʱɡ
ɣЩӣˡ
֮󣬶Цݣֶ۵Ŀ飬ҲΪ½ͬţһʥء
Ϊιͥôǿ󣬾ܰѾ޴Ĺͥһֽ޽֮أˣ޽֮ʱڵС
ʦ˼ʮֵ񣬺Ȼоʲôһʦܣͻһˣ
ˣžϲ׷׿Ҷȡ
ҶҲǸ⣬ͷŷӡһٵϢͷų΢΢Ϣ
ֹԫ̾ڣǲ£ʦǰõĵ㣬˵ֻҪһ٣ӵɽͷʵ
СҶǫһЦȻͬţĺĵӣҲһء
ãǻһͿɽ磬ʦܣһɰɣȻ󡭡ʦ֪ˣܸ˵ģ
ã
˱˴˵ͷһͬ
ɽ磡
ֶ֮ڡ
ֽһӰֱӽֶ죬磬Ϣںϡ
ʦܣ
Ӹոսֶ죬Ҫֽ磬ξ񣬴ֳֽüҴһЦ⡣
糾Ͷξȭʦ㣬ոյʦô֣ѾɹţԿʼ֣޽֮ؽţ
̫ˣʦҲҪ˺һӣ
ξȫûǴźµɱĮһϲ΢ЦŮӣȥʦ²˳٣ȴɽڱ仯ţȻΪɽ磬һشϢ
ȥʦ𣡡
ȴһ뿪
ξĿȥ̴һٷָĮֽȥ״ӡֵӡ鷨ߣ󣡡
һҲʧա
֮
ɵۡյ¡ĪԿ״ӣԼһˣɳξߣһɽգÿһӢӣذÿһţֶ֮죬޽֮ؿţɽ˷ţ
ǣʦ㣡
һٶӢӣʱ緢˷
ξˣˣֶھɽ磬ȥµӣھţϵĵӣ鷨߻ĵӣ̸޽֮أµΪպڣʼ׼

˲ǻع򣬾Ƿա
޽֮أʱС
һЩֶ۵ˣʱʱ֮УµǰԼʮˣڲҲЩˣŻ𡢹æµš
ʦܣǶھɽ磬Ϊﵽһ֮󣬾޽֮ĵӣϧû٣ֻмǶ٣ŽʷԵٵӣǧ꣬ôһ㲻ˣʥɽ޼ţٵ಻٣ǿҲУţɽŵĸ߶ȣʥɽ㣬һЩһţǿһЩ
ǽţҿ¼ЩӵĻᣬʮã
ֹԫҶȻ룬ʵѳԽ⼸ӣһƿ󷨣һ温Χ
ʦˣ
Ȼʱգͷһӡ֮Уһֻͨξżǧ½羫ӢӣƺƵʱա
ξͷһȻֹԫֶ̾ˣǵǿʡˡһ졭ӦûԤϵı仯ʦ˼ߴӣִ֣ʦֳֻӴɽţЩ䣡
ΣǵǿԼʥɽ޼Щһŵ䡭Щ䣬ӦһǲŻ׿Խľͷ
ҶȼΪڴĵͷ
ʱҶȼ֤ۣͥ칬ǿߣȻ󾭹½ּʮΨһֱûмɽŵĸ䡣
½¼˵ɽз칬ķߣۼһδ¼ȴûйͥɽ롣
һΣֶ޽֮ڣͥ칬ûйȴɽţȴֽϵ
ɽţһۻᡣ
Ҷ˵Ҳֻоɽĸ䣬δʶħڣҲʶ󲿷ֵ䣬ɽۡħȴۣа壬ҶȵĿ⣬Ѿɽ硣
Ҷֹ̫½Ӧòչ¶ǻᱣذɣ
ಣ
һϢȻΧʱͷš
ҶȿȥͷͨһץһٷΧʱշֳ֮۳ƹӵЦ˵ϲֵܣľС׼ʱ
Ǻǣ¿ˣҶȣǡֶܸӵݣ޽֮˰ɣ
һĨٷϢʧˣ۳ƹľҪ֮е飬µʱҶʶˣġ
˿̣ڵ֮ĻɫС
Ȼͷ
۴滨š
滨⴦ռ䲻ɣ۴ɺϢΧȼյ𣬸ε𿪣Ȼ΢Цؿ滨š
滨̾ܿɹǣֶµĵɣͣǣҲȥ
һӣв㿴ǸҶȣѾͻһˣһܣ޷͸ӣĸӵпһֶ촴ʱ䲻ۺʵѾţţʥɽҲûôĽܳӣ
ϧα˹㣬칬ĵȻȻȥ޽֮أۣ
û£Ҳ½۴¶ãЦݣȻһӣ滨ű


1588 ˷ۻ
ʦ㣡
룬ͬľ޴ʱ󷨡
޽֮أƬʱ󷨣ӵļ̣ڲͨɵɽ๬¥ȵȡ
һ㳡ǰĽһģһĹȺڲֶھɽӰӡ
֮ڣ
ӣֹԫġҶȣ۵Уξ֮ʱʩӭ
°ɣ
ξϷ£Ҳ£ؿÿˣҪʦ𣬱ʦáʦܡʦáʦܡʦܣµĵúˮŬɣÿһǵѪ
˻һӣܴ
һ£ڵĴӣڲ裬ѾɣǽսǿʼڵգȻ¶˷ϴã˷κ⣬ֻߴӣִ
Ϸξ񣬸ÿˣ˫ͫ΢¶ʹâֶɵţ֮Уʮǿģֻͬŷڵ죬ħаɽɫᵽʱʱзĴ޷ģǵĵʱʱ̶̿пܣᡢɱ¼Ϊˣ뻯κͻ״ߴӣʦܣʦܡʦãӽ쿪ʼӭӸ·ĿˣסѹκĦˣȻеˣϣֶ죬Ƚ
ţţǸɽʱ򣬸ֶξҪֶΣҪǿǿ޽֮أҪ˵棬ԳֶƣȻ뿴Ц֣Ը
ˣˣֹԫֿӡ
ʦܵ˼Ҳʦ˼ɽңŶܵȴ˼⣬ţҾãţӦչ޽֮ؽţҲʦ𣬸һĥᣬɽܴߴӣһֱɽ֮УطâΪľһΣɽ磬֮ȥ׼ɣϲϾͻп˵
ξһü뿪Ҷһ¡
ʦΪΪһ͸ڵǵƣ
ҶĿͼ뿪ʵߴ֮УӦǿģԼˡ
ʦΪҶȾ޷ԷƣͨߣԼϢʵҶȸоʦѾûжٵĲࡣ
ʦξҶȸеܴ㵣ǰ޷͸ڻ޷͸ʦʵܸӦξ񣬿ֻڡʱֻڵʵϢڸ
ȫһ˾ηĴʦ㡣
ƺξʵû˿Կ͸һ㣬ֶۣûƭҶȣڴξڣҶҲһǿĽƣǿ޷ֵĸ߶ȡ
Ҫ֪ҶȵʵѾﵽ˰
ʦ֡Ѿʲô٣ǰ񣬴ʦ㡭ʵ̫Բ׽ھɽ磬ʵƲڡڣôܣʵӦٳԽʦֲŷ
Ƭ̣ҶѿӵıӰҲʣξ
ξҶȣȻǴǰǰĪ⣺ʦܣϲһ٣ţʦʦܣǵһ֣Ϊŵǿ̣㿴ɽţǵ䣬Ҳǻ٣̤ģ֮١
Ҷȱȭʦʦ㣬Ϊ룬ڴﲻָ߶ȣ񲻹ˣ
£ʦŸ˵һЩӵдǧͼ³ʦû˿Ķ֣νţʦҵĿ飬ѶȣǰҲ״
ʦ͸¶ΪֵɽַıҪʱڣ䣬пܣʼͬˣŽҲǸһʱͥ칬Ҳʹߣħа̡壬Ѵڲɽֱ仯ж
ֻжˣξҶȣδѣھԻ
ô˵пܣ䣬ǵʼͨôҲγһˣ
Ҷһٴħа̡塭γˣ˸ͥ칬νʱǻ᲻չ
Ҳħаĵ⣬½¼칬յʥѱĨɱҵЩи׼ǳʱڽţصķգʵ̫ˡ
˵֮󣬸оΧǺȻȻ뵽ʲôı֣ʮҫۣΪ֮๦ͣʦΪʽ״ӣ棬ҲΪֵӣ
ǵȷŬҶҲΪ˸еο
ˣʹࡢˣӭӼĿ˰ɣкʣʱң
ξͷʾ֮󣬱뿪˹
ҶҲĬĬȥ
뿪빬߿УҶҲֶϵĿۣӼҶȣ޲ʩ񣬿½ڼ䣬ֳදҲɽ֮С
ֵܣ
Ƭ̣һȺӷ
ֻࡢ˷ǰҶȣȲǼ뻶ϲϾһӵ
кһӣûڸо˶仯̫ˡ
мʮԾɽľӢӣĸҶȵ񻰿ֶڱ֮ҶȾ죬ٵĴ档
֮Ҷȱ˴żʮӣ𽥷޽֮ʱա
λֹԫġžӢӸƬʱգҶ
ããɫգһֱ˵ţ顣
ҶˣȻ£һͨͨȻһӢӣʼסͨһʱտʼȴҶˣ֮ͨУȴ˵
֮Ҷڵķλ޽֮գ½һЩˣҶȴŴӭһ죬֮ϾҪɫɫ˸ࡣ
ֵܣޱڵٷѾ
һ죬ҶͨڵУһˣǿעΧκζ֮ʱӢӣ
Ǻǣû뵽Ӵޱڣ
վ뿪󷨡
ʱڣѾһЩɽţֵȴûĳһš
ȻޱڵϢΣȻҲˣ
߳ͨƬ̣ҶȵǿӦǰ޽֮գ֮ԶȻӦǧϢٷɳ۶
Ӧһ˵ϢھɱõһţΡ
ţһرǿϢǰ񡭡ΪһİһİĪǣ˾Ǵ˵Уޱڵ䡮΢ߡλƮ䣡
Ƭ̣ҶȾʹӴϢУӦһʮƮϢûһ˿֮Եľͷ
ɽ磬Ȼ޽֮أǳһŵ䣬Ƕžɵ
ޱڵ䣬΢ߣһ𼸰ǰɽ䣬Ĵ˵ʵ̫̫࣬ࡣ
һǧˣһڡڡ٣Ҳкü𣬲ޱڣľӪӵ˰ʱҶ΢΢һЦѾͨ˫ۣǰƵޱڡ


1589 
Ҷеӣ
Ȼࡢ沢ǰգҶȵһ㣬Ļ籩ϵƿ
ͻͻͻ
տʼ𶯣
ôˣ
ǰա
һǧˣŻ£ƷǶ֮ϣǾ֮ӣһ
ڶܷ籩ȴȻǰգͻȻһָ֮ץ籩·оˣ̤籩
ÿµ
ޱǧӣǾӢеľӢĸ̾
룬߳ˣֻ࣬ҲǸŮӣһӵ֮ꡣ
ΡŮӿָץ籩ֳһͨʱ¶һЦݣû뵽ֶ쾹ǿߣ
ʦ֣˵ʵȷޱȣ˵
Ů΢΢һʵҲﵽٺܸߵزʦ֣˵ķâһϳֶ̣죬֪Ҳһŵӣ
ȥɣ˼Ҷѿͨӭǣ
ʱӪ֮Уһߵׯ֮
ǣ
ΡŮӶʱӦֱŸ֣˺ѿķ籩𽥿ͨ˶ޱȺ֮ġ
֮ͨУɳһˣһۡ
ҶȷǰĿۣڲͬ
Ҷȣ
ޱڵӣͳͳҶȵ΢΢һȻ͵𺳣Աӣʦ֣ղų֮ˣǰˣҶȣǰóΪֶ쳤ϣ
ӺдŴ㵣Ҷȣһֱɵ𣿹Ȼڲͬղų֮ˣǴˣû뵽࣬ѾԶԶ㳬Խҵʵ£죬漸꣬Ŵﵽָ߶ȣˡʹﵽˣ
ÿμоо޴仯ȻЩˣǳϡ
ʦܣĲŻѾ漣ˣŶٵĵӣԽѾڣʵﵽһ٣ֻҪٸһʱ䣬㶨Ϊɽ˷
죬μͷȻЦΪ֮ˣֶĴξ񡭡
λޱڵĵѣҶȣֶ죬ӭλ
Ҷࡢˣڸ߿ˣҶչֶһƣޱʩ
߳մЦݣͻҶȱȭҶȣû뵽ǿˣ
ֻ֣ڲϵУϵõʦ㻯ɾ֣ͣ׷϶ϣҶʲõĻشڲطâҴֶ죬һơ
λޱڵĵһӣ죬ʦְɣҶֿǰǸӣʩ
Ϊޱʲôŵӣܡ
׵ǣҶʦܾ޾ףһȻͬ죬أʤ߶ţ
ʦ̫ˣ
ҶٴʩȻ󻺻֣еӣһͬޱӪݼ΢ǰ
˼ϷϢصļΪû뵽ᱻǷ֣Щ͵Ǽɣ
Ӫ֮Уһһٶˢˢط
лǰ
ֶÿӣ޲ŸмЦݣȻҶȴ졢εˣ໤ݣһͬͨ
ֵ
޼ǰ룡룡
һ֮Уֹֻԫϰٵӣǧˣǰ޼ڵĵӡ
УһѮߣõֹԫһδεĹʩ
Ϊߣ޼ڵ䣬޼
ֵֶӣΪɵһţ޼۷׵һ߳һЦһڵֹԫ
޼϶
Ȼһ߿գһֵӣǧƿնЩҲɫ
Ѯߣǰ޼ڵʱձǺһЦ
Ż
޼һߣ㱧ȭЦ
Щδ˰ɣ
Żŵ䣬Ż漴һ޼ǰһᣬֹԫ
޼ڡޱڡŻšƽڡڡЩŵ䶼ˣҴ󲿷ֶǰ񣬾٣ʵҲﵽ½ǷۻᣬΣȴɵƾף
Ҷ԰ޱڴź֮ͷŸӦһǿľͷϢʮ֮ࡣ
½Щ࣬ҲȺס
½Ƿ߾ۻᣬɽţ޷룬ǲ룬ǹȻ칬ΪС
ҶȻص֮ͨУȴţ
ңԶʱС
һȺɷˣڷǰɫվͷʱ֮С
ɱڣ
ԶмСǧɣæ㿪
ԭȺˣɽ磬ɱ֯ɱڣ
ಡ
ҷ֮УˣɱӪ֮С
Ӫ룬Ưʮߣ󷽻м˶һ߹ϣɽҲˣһԣ
ɽҶźϵߣǣССһ½ţҪ֪ɱڵǸҶȣɱԣ½ţ߶Ժˣֱ´ɱ⡣
ǣ
ˣһٶ̷֣ˡ
ʮɱɱ֣ڷ籩֮Уã·ɽʱգһŽ磬ʮˣˣĺͷͨ޽֮ǰС
ʵ̫Сܽ޽֮أ漣
ɱ
һٶڰɱɱ֣棬ͻСĽ硣
ã
ӰΧɱ֣һ䡣
ϣ𣡡
ڴʱ
ӽ֮УĺȻͷɶϢֻ״ͭƻɱɱӹҪͷŶһ̣մͨ
䣡
ȻǶ٣ʵѾﵽ٣һһе޽֮ضǻġ
ֱɨɱɱӣһ붼˲䱻նɱˡ

ʣµɱӣʵһ٣һˣ־ؼβͣæˡ
״ͭƻδ׷ɱǼڰ
ಣ
ڣһץһʬ壬磬һ䳰ЦλԭɱڵɱӣΪǺ۸
ɱĺãɱĺã
ʮɽӣĸɱڣȻһΪ֪걳Ͼͷš
꣬õģһһʦ㣬ӭ㣬ɱڡǺǣҴǶ֣
Ȼ䣬֮УҶȵƿնԺ΢΢
޽֮ʵڿ£ٶ̫㵣ˣ
һ޽֮أʵЩҲ֤ͷ磬ǺεȲпᡣ
漴״ۡͭƻб£ɽӣ߶󷨣𽥷ԶĻʱա
ɱڡ
֮ͨУҶȶΧκ飬ָƣɱˣ᲻֪ɽ翪ʼɱھʹΪҶȣҪնɱҶȣһ޽֮أ϶صģǣҲġ
ɱڣ̫ɪȻģкü٣ǰϣһָܰҵжԲ˵ɽΣһ𣬳Ŷ
΢΢ҶȼգӭӸĸˣΪҶȳе˴󲿷ֵӣǳ棬ӭӿˣҶȣȴﵽ


1590 ħӣ鹫
޽֮ʱ֮Уʱʱһף
֮£ӿǧˡ
ÿһˣǶ൶Ƶĳۣ֮У۷ͻͻ޽֮֮пٷš
û뵽ֶ죬޽֮ؽţ
һߣ˾ǵڣŵʮ֮һԫ
еյȵԵڵǿߣ룬Ư꣬һһòãһаĿſ񲪷
ն졢ħ
ն쿴ԫԼΧһڵǿߣЦֶ쿴ƽţãȴǼе̵ģҼֵܣֶĳϣҲ˵Ҳ֪˭һУ֮У
˵ģȻҶȡ
ߣٵٵĴڣȻûа񣬵ʵѾɵһţǧʿٶˣһٵٲȣʣ¼ǧˣɶڵĴڡ
ն쿴ƣΪҪ칬ǰδ̤ʱɱ칬նɱ̤񣬼ϸָı䣬Ӧվһͬǰ
ͷˣ
ģЦ֮ʵ֮ϣһͬȴ˵칬ĹǿޱȣҪϸϸﻮˣȻ߳ɽ磡
ȻԼĴ㣬Ҳ⣬˭㲻ɴ۵ĴߣһֽӹˣնĳƼ
ߣֻǵõˣɴڣܳԽ磡ħںģȷĿݣκˣĴߡ
䣡
ڴ˿̣ǧڸ֣ɹһƬŵĿռʱϵţͻȻʼȻ󡭡Ȼһ޴ƬϢ޴ޱȣӸ߿ֱ׹¡
ѣ
տһЦս⣬ȴּɵѣ
޴Ƭֱǧ׹¡
ಣ
ħն죬Ӫ֮Уڶ൶ʿ𺳡ɵ֮շɳ
ֻħֶһ޴ƬȻͷһħձһȭ

ħ֮ȭһƬ֮ϣоǾˣһƬȻؿʼ𿪡
䣡
һնһ޴һƴƬ֮ϣƬ˳ȥ
ǿǿǿ󰡣
ǧʿӵڷѣȻڱ䣬ֱһͳ֮󣬻ع鵶ڵǿǣ˽룬ĿǵһУͰѾ޴𿪣ǾΪˡ
ʱ˿̣Уնƣվɽ۷ľͷأֱȡǳ¡
˰ɣûйڴڵһ׷Ĳ
ΪڵԪϣԫһĻ

һƬӳơն֮䣬ӿٶȣˣɫһæ׷ȥ
ಣ
ڴ˿̣һӰ֪ʲôʱ򣬴߳һɨ
һţѸƬյƬεȵļ벻˼飬Ӱ֮£һֱ߳һãƬ߷ɶȥӵʿϿƿˡ
ϴ󣡡
նħδͣһӰңһһӵӰʵҶȡ
ҵǣ˺һˣ
ڸ߿ۣ·꣬ڵڣ֣Կκۡ¬ơǿһĻٴ֡
˵𣿿ûһٰȻܴѵһУնɱɽκˣ
ֵܣǵڱʱֵ֣ǵһͳ׳󣡡
ʿǣͳͳ̧ͷգϿˣһһעɽĴ档
ֵܼ֮󣬼Ҷȴˣֵ
˿̣һգ
һ㵭ħ⣬ƿն
ħ֮Уվŵķ
ħġȻ㲻Ҳǿ㣬һҪΪ㣬ҶȶȡһӢˣվɽۡħǰ滹мħڵľ֡
Ŀ⣬߿յĻɫգħӡӣ𼸷ֵġ
ӣǴеñֵ͵ʱڣĦǿɽۣһѵ
ӦĿģΪνеˣħҪаֻΪһˣһ¶£ֶ죬̻ħڣ
ƺ¡
ħɽ۵ͷٴ
һȣ
֮ͻȻͣסɫһ䡣
Ŷ
ɽħɻ˷ƺգҳֵģϧɫգʲôûС
ֹ˼¶Цݣֶǰգ鹫ӣɣ֪㣡
֣㻹ǰأɽ磬ǿߣԸӦңû뵽ʵǿ٣Ҫһ̤̤֮£Ķ֣
һƮ̣һˣȥʮ궼ûУవۣ߳鹫ӡ
ɽεҡҡͷħӣһͬ겻ѣ鹫ӡЩЩˣϵسԽ
ಡ
ͻȻ鹫һ
ͬʱҲ߳һȻʧ
أ
ʮǰ֮У鹫ӾȻһȭԣһײ֮⣬֮ͬʱ˺һԶ
š
䣡
˽ֵգһ֮Ŀռ䣬ȻһɫӣϡﻩĿʼ飬Ȼ¶һ޴ĺڶռ䣬ͷſƺҪһУʶڶʱգУҲֻʧյ³
ħ𺳵ɽ鹫ӵʵѾﵽܸߵĵزȹӿһ񣬻ǹӵĴУ
ˣҺѾɽ磬ָɽֱ̾Ϣ·𲻵òƵġ
а̵Ϣ
գ֣ûٳֵ˼Ҳû뿪ͷͬʱգ¶˼־衣
֮һƬа󷽾ͷֶֹ˼һٶаĸ֣ڶ
û뵽ܼɽ磬꿡ܽ֡һٶˣͷڲͬа֮С
վˣһˣ鹫Ӵӳޡ
ħɽ̴ۣħ֣գˣ룡а̾Ȼ롮ȫ֮μۻᣡ
ԭˣһа̵Ľ룬һȫ̵ܽĽȫ֮
˵λɽۡħһҲɽǿߡ
ǺǣħΪβȫ֮һЦҲɽۡħ˸к
ߣ
һ֣аڸ֣뿪ա
ȥһҿ˭һ̤ɣɽ֣봫ʱδ¡Щ˵ģ鹫ӵճХҲתȥ
аҲˡһע׹ͥ칬᲻ҵһ
ɽħߣͣһᣬɫأȻֵ
ħа˶ˡȻܾ֮⣬˼Ǻ⣡
ֵξһͨ
ǻֹĴĦˣɱҲˣʦɱڵĦҲ˵߲ƣ
һȺ߹ʦãȻ˶ൽˣλӣ־ʦıҲϽ٣棡
ξ
漴ʧ


1591 ɽۻ
ʦ㣡
Ǽȥ
ֹԫڵ󹬵֮Уξʥɽšޱڡ޼ڡƽڡɱڡŻšڡĦ޴½̫ɸڡ̫һţɽ̫ڡɽȡŲϵɵţˣа̡ȫ̡ܽħɽħڡħڣԼħӣ鹫ӵȵ
Ҫģó鵤ҩдɣעͥ칬Ӧûʲôξ˵
ǣ
ֹԫתȥ
ʣξڴϷոձۣͻȻӰƿմӴϿնԽ󷨣ϢһλȹŮӣһӡ
ξ·ʩ񣺡Ӿ񣬰ݼʦǰ
Ӱ֮ϣֶۡ
ϢЩƮ죬ƺξһЦ
ɣ칬ֳ£ʲôֶ۵һɨʹҲĿͷŶ
ҾΧٿȻʧ
ֶ£ĸµŮʣξ˵ֶĴӣͬšɳɽ޽֮ؽţΪӣȻҵ²ΪֵһˣڣΪʦֻһ֤ߣе飬Ҫ뼸ʦӣֺ
ӽģξͨһ¡
ֶڵʱգԶһ
ӣмΣɵǣǹֻͥǳ䵱ǡʮͷŹɹˣңԶշɶȶ
ǰˣȻͥͥӡ
ɻʣشѽߣֻһɻ칬ˣǲ޶ԣ䵱ǰɣ
ʲôȻߣûǿ⣬ߣ޽֮صǿߣڶ칬պΪǣ칬ս
ϣһЦݡ
ԹͥһϹŶȻͥ
λǰ𣬴ţǰӭӣ
ǰգ籩֮УȻһٶֶӣͷߣǵӣ
ߣû뵽ֶĵӣһԦɽ籾Դﵽٵʵ
ֶأֶۣҹͥйٽӴδչʵ뷨޷˵ʲôĿģҪ֪֮Уûҹͥ칬£ҹͥɽ磬ӪϵܱϦƻǲУӣ
ԹͥߴڣвϽţŻֶҲʱʱ̼̿ƻһ
˿̣
칬صϢ
ֶһգ֮ͨУҶڵȴֶˣȻ䣬ǿĸӦϿ֮УӦһڲͬϢϢ칬ɫ˲䡣
ټ࣬ѻصȥʥżʮӣȴʮŷա
һ̣ҶȵϢصҪҶȵݣǡݣ칬չµĽ

ʮ칬۵ĽɫӰƿ籩ʥϢ峿ĳĺԡ
칬ִߣ
ֶӣĸ𺳣񷴿칬ˣԽԽ࣬칬ȻΡ벻ÿУ̲Ĵڡ
칬ˡû뵽ǡ죿
ҶȰףĿ⣬Ƭ֮һϤӰһǿ칬ִ߽ٶǵʱҶشۡʹΧɱʱáϢ칬һߴڡ
죡
Ľ𵤲ǱشۻϢǿۺѣȻﵽ˰жθ߶ȣûгΪʵ
칬֮˻ָһ࣬칬֮ȻͨǿߵĽ𵤣Իָ
ż־ɵҶͫУԽ󷽣ʮ칬ִߣȻҲٵĴڡ
Ҷȱȭʩ񣺡Ҷȣţڴ˹λ칬ǰ
칬Ĺ죬칬ıοʣҲʮִݣȵʩ
˻ΪͬͷٱǾ̫ʼһĹǿˣҶ΢΢һ
Ȼֶӣˣֶ
ʮִ֮ߣʱգֶʱ¶ЦݣֶΣɽ糬һţ
칬ִˣ
ͬʱֶ͵ʮˣ׷׾㵡𺳵ؿʮִߡ
ǵ칬ۣɽ磬ÿһ˶ݲѡ
¸඼ˡͥ뱧ӣ칬죬Լħӡ鹫ӡԼţΪɽĽ㣡
ҶȻ򣬼ʲôУģᷢ½ֱ仯
칬򣬱޴䶯ǳʱڣ칬ˣȻɵ²͸칬Ҫʲô
һ֮
ȻвֶӣڵΧӭӸˣڲһĿռУۼˣÿһˣɽһ䣬ͨţֻһɣͥ칬
ڿռ֮ϣ룬һЩֶæµţ϶ϵҩÿһ䣬ʱǿһŵĵʱ̡
ֶĵ̣κҩԴԴϡ
λ䣬ѣҪ˵һ䣬ллλ٣
һƬӰϷֶһۣȥϢһǿߣߣӣξֹԫġҶȡ
򲻼ڶӣӰ
԰˷䣬ֶ۴ݲȵʩ
һ仰Ƕ׵ͷ
ֶӣϵҩʼһ棬ɽ磬ǳһţֻһЩɢޣֶ۶ԷϲٵҩҸлϡ
΢ߣܶδ˰ɣ
ʱֶ۴ӣޱڣ΢ߣ˵
ۣʱ䲻ãҲ̣㻹Щϼһ֮ǰ޽֮ؽţΪޱڻʱʱ̿վֶһģ΢Ȼͷ֮ЦݣȴԵƽ׽ˡ
ţ޼ڡŻŵȵȡ
ʥɽΪﵽӽˣŶˣ治򵥣񾳽磬ʵȻﵽ˶ֵز
һɵйӴ֮ҶֶۣʥɽӪ
һˣڲͬϢҶȵһ۾ͼˡ
˭˵ɽûľͷ
ֶһ΢ߡ޼Լʥɽˣǲκ޽֮صľͷ
ʥɽ䣬ʵǿĵزﵽɽ۷塣
ʥɽɽһӵƾʷţȻڲͬĵ̡
ˣԼ٣ֵңֳΪֶ䣬Ҽ棬Ҳΰˣ
ֶ߳һʥɽǧӣҲ׷վǶÿ䣬ŵЦݣһ


1592 ˵Ĺȥ
ˣһ䣬ֶǰɵصۣϲϲֶ֮еĿģ
ųҪ˶ָ㣬ǿ֮ʱµӣӢӶʱϣɳ¾ӢЩӣʥɽķâֶ۱ȭ˵
ȻһҶȶϴɵ͸ʥɽĵӣ֮УҶȻڰУйɡ
ֶ۴ŵ뿪֮
صӪˣߣǰһֵӵıӰ˵Ǿ˵ֶҶȣ
ʦ𣡡ѡ
ֶۣʱ䣬Ϊʦ̫࣬һ겢εĿڡΪʦȻ͸ΪΪʦ࡭
˵¼ӣһʵﵽ٣˴ţǸΪҶȵĵӣϢҲΪʦһ޷͸䣬һٵΪǿΪʦоһֲ˼ĸ߶ȣȻкܺõĹϵʹֶʥɽʼһӪɵ磬һһŵģѹͥе칬ʥɽڼԪ֮УأȴҲҪǿͬˣ
ףʦģҶȵĹϵƱػţںһ𣡡ܵ޴ѹ
ղλˣ㲻ҪԻ󡭡
ʱ˿ֶ̣ɴӣлһֶۣôӶᣬȴﵽһǧϣ̤ɵ磬վ۷ľͷ֮һ֮޵УʥɽԪ֮Уף壬ͬαĹͥ칬ţһͬˣ

ÿһӣвͬɫ
ȻҶͲ˵Ĳֻſʵڶָ߶ϣû뵽ǿ˹
ҵΪһ٣ʵﵽжθ߶ȣ޷͸վڰ۷Щͷġ
ﵽһ٣Щģ˿̣ҶȲףֶǺεȵ࣬Ҷ·
̫ڡɽȡ̫һŵȵȵֶͨҲһһشл
鹫ӣ
ʱֶһƬǿߣۼӪ
һǧˣһֱɽ磬ֶֻǴŵÿһǿʺһ룬鹫мǿߣΪֶ۽
֮Уˣ鹫ӵĿ⣬мӴ
ξҶȣ
鹫ӵǿ󣬾񣬶գӱ˵֮У޵еĴڡ
СӣСӣֶķˮ˼ʵڿ뱾ӽˣлᣬӿҪУ
뿪֮ʱ鹫ӵҶȣҶ׻û˵ʲô
һֶ֮ħӪ
ħ֮УɽħΪ𣬶Եúܵ͵
ֶ۵ħˣĸò޷԰ΣֶֻħǿߣʩһЦɽۡħлǵħλ磬ǳУδйаħ֣֮еģֻ֮𣡡
ǺǣѣǾͱ˵ô࣬ǴΪɽַı䣬ħڳܴ󣬹ˣϣۼ£ɽ۱ȭصĿ⣬ֶۿޱȡ
ֶ׵ħڣȻ޷ֶģλħڵѣǧ
Ҷȣ
ֶˣǱȥ
ͻȻվĿֱӰҶϡ
ֶƺҲйһ˽⣬δ˵ʲôҶһ£ӣ뿪ˡ
СȻԽң
ɽۿҶȣЦһ񣬾ܰҶնɱŶ꣬ѸӦҶȣȣҲ޷κΡ
ǰս̻壬ǿ̹ģ
Ҷȱȭ˽ɽۣȻֶͬ˵ûа֣֮еģֻ֮ħ֮Уɽʵһǰͷ
ɽۻʾ⣺ȥɣ㣡
ҶȵͷΧħ֣ĸشҶȣףһˣΪɽۡԴ
Һ£û׼֮һȥħڣӪ룬ΧħĿ⡣
Ҷֻ
ҲֻҶȡ
ţɽ档
һ֮ںʲôֶڣΪģ
ΪңҶȵһδ뵽ħΪ
ĳ˵ʵĹ֮ͬΪħģһ㣬ħ֮ˣ֮£ʱҲδжΥĵģ˵ûħ֣֮ɷɷĹڣҲҹңϣΪǳ棬ȴǣһЦ
֮䣬һɵĽ磬˸룺˵ϣΪ㣬ҲΪħģ
ˣĪʲô£˼άݵҶȣ˲ϢͲ׽ʲô
ͣʲô첻ģ
ʵΪħģҲ֪㣬ɽΪҾ壬ħ½緢ĲңҲ̹ˣˣҲҪԶˣΪʲôˣҶ᲻벻ȻⲢζĹȥħεģħĶΪһ㣬ûʲô֮󣬲ÿһȥƿأ
棬渵ͫ˸ŸӶĵĹ󣺡ϣףħģʲôǰ½磬ĭɽ磬ĳһ죬޽֮ط籩һɽ磬ħһֱռż׹ķ׷ȥħģɵȻˡ־а֮ĥҵʱͱˣһŮӣΪλ᲻ƺģں񣬶޷ƵʱħģĥΪҲһ֮ͬģȣħڣҰѹڵ
ʱҶڲڼӿ죬δˣɽ磬ʲôΪȥ롣
ǶʱұľǿǷݲηִ֤һںһصõҴδʲôŮӣħǰļǿǿزģұڣȥħħʱҲ𽥣ħУУ֪ڷĹȥҲ֪ŮˣʲôҶˣǿĵģҪȥٱʹ࣬սʤħνվ飬ҵļ֣ħģ׿ڣңĹȥû˿أһУһжңսʤħȫںǼħĵļ֣ҪӴˣҰħڵõУħеĸ֣Ϊɽ磬ѰħģҲ½ѰңЩ꣬ҵ˺ܶССͬΪ


1593 
ΪħںҲû룬еõУ룬ô˵ҵĸףҲѹ˿ȥƿ
˵ͫ𣺡ұΪҵħģںڳҲ֪ĸѪ⣬Ҳ˵ںϡԦ
ĪǡΪʲôʣ֮ҶȲ֪жͬʱҲԭ
ףͷħ̫̣ΪҪ̤񣬴߶֮ʱڵ־֮ʣȻƷӡħģħĵԪ񣡡
Ҷ壬ͬУϵҡΣǶôˣ־ǿ𣿡
ţΪ磬֮Уվ۷ϴ֮񡯣ƺںܾõʱ䣬Ҳ飬׹˴ʱգе׹ɽ磬е磬ħõѾɽе飡
֮񣿡
ħħʱ֮Թ仰ԭֻҪƬһںϣôٴƬ˵񣬾󲿷ֵ󣬶޷ںϣħĴ֮Уѹڣ־ҵĸף޷նɱ־ֻѪ⣬԰ħģָ㣬˼ҵ󣡡
ʱ˵ģǵġ
ǲҵġϣˣ
ĬҶѡ˱˫ۣȻұۻػӶָͻȻץԼؿڣ۵һָȻץһƴСѪ⣬
𺳵Ǹм
ƺû뵽ҶȻΪˣԼѪ⣬˼򵥡εģôһδйʵİˡ
ǣôΣյ飬̫пܣƿҶȵѪ
ΪħģʲôԸ㡭úչģֻô΢С£㲻ͬõرػΪġħġʮڴʱ̴΢Цӡ
ѪҲѪչʼ˼ĻָȻתͷĬĬ߳硣
ʧǰ
ҲˣҲĿ㲻ˣҲԱۡҶüסҶѪ⣬һ衣
ˡ
ҶȻ仰뿪ħӪЩĿ꣬˵ϢĻʲô顣
ԭڸ飬ǵһʱ䣬һУȥħˡ
ûȥΪΪһȥϧԹ޻ػһӵˡ
̧ͷǰֶ۸ոմӹͥߡȥȥ칬Ӫ
šɳɽȵһЩ޽֮š
ľ۳ƹӣҲ֮С
Ҷص룬Ĭһ󣬱ֶ۵ۡ
Ȼֶڵӡ
ֶվ룬ֶӣл񣬲мʽξɡ
֮Уûʲôⷢ˷һзʽֶ֮˷ٴθлλѣֶ죬Ӵ޽֮أֶ죬һţϣõ˷ѶչˣһЩӣҲϣõϿɣ޽֮㣬ڣɱ£Ҷȣܸſ飡
ߣҪΪʱġֹԫ׷׿Ҷȡ
Ҷȴݵ룬ףֶ۽Σɽ磬ֶʸ㡣
ֶ۵ֵҶȣʱ̣ܶˣ޽֮ߣ˷ѣչˣ
Ҷ֣ʱ½ºôǣֵܵͨ
Ȼһ˷ڷѡһѱмֽơ
Ҷȱȭ룡

ͷųٶȣȻͻȻν
ͣ
ɽʣɽƴ̳ɽ򽣹ڵƣҶȴ
ɹ
Ҷڴ߶ɹʹâʼڱһƬɹ⣬ֱɨȥ
¡
ɹٶȳڽ֮ϣԴݿƣѽ˲飬ɽҲͣλһۣ죬Կɹ⣬ֻһ˾ͱƷˡ
ã
ķˣ
һһǿߣѹƣҶȵʵõϿɡ
̨Ѳ½һ٣˶ãҶ˱ȭ
Ȼһţһ٣ٵֹӡȻ鴫죬ֻжٲʸ㽻֣л飡ץסɽʩ֮뿪߿ա
ԭҶȣ½ʱһ٣ٵֹӣźֹӣǱֶһŮնɱģ
ǸŮӣֶۺǸӣ
ʱһ˷޴ķ籩˿ʼ۷׷ףƺѴʱҶȣ뵱ʱ½ġҶȡϵΪͬһˡ
Ȼ棬ɽ䡢ǿڣֶµӣҲһЩ˵ĺûᣬðͷ
һ꣬һٵƣڵͷųǾӣҶֵܵĸУ
룡ҶȵһɨǾӣһ٣ȴûʲộʵҲһٺһĸ߶ȡ
ǾӣȻһȭջγɾŴǳȭӡħȭ
ɹ⣡
ҶȷƵشһӡָſŹɹΪ彣ֱӴſǳȭӡ
䣡
彣Ծ̹ſǳȭӡȭӡ׷ըŴ彣̴ǾӵķҺãʱͣƺպյƯǰ
ŵǾӣֹͣˣ˲亹л飡
ȻҲĬĬػصӪ֮С
ʵȻǸǵģһٵǾӣһܣֻжٸ֡ΧˣһαҶȵʵˡ
Ҷȡ
ͻȻ䣬һŵӰ˷Ӫݶ
ǡ
Ҷ㶣ȻˣһЦɷ֪㣬ɣֹҵʦϣλŹѵҵĺûᣡ
ɷ
£󲿷˶סˣһɽ磬ѾǾͷڣȻֳˣһ𶦶ĺǿߡ
ɷ
͡
һħ棬ͻȻɳᡢɭɭЦݵĵɷֶ
ԷǵɷҶ𣿡ֶӣۡ
ɷħѲħ֮ˣħ֮УħɷһĨм
˿ֶۣҲ䣬ΪɷɱѲǵĶǱѪɱֶƺ˿ɫ仯ؿһС
ҶȣҾҪĹֵܵ꣬ʲôƨֶ죿ڱǰʲô㣬
ɷ׼񣬵ˣƿڴţȻһͷǿΪһȼյħ潣˴߶ħ潣Ҷȡ
ˣоڲ


1594 ɱ֮
ɷѾڳ󲿷䣬ֻɽһţǳһ䣬ѹ
ֲţһţֶʲô
ɷһУұ죬ƶħ潣ƲҪҶһնɱҲҪƣֶӶɱֶۡ
ǣ޽֮أݺ꣬ɷֶΡ
ֶۺ󷽣ӣĸɱ
ξӣ˲õģˡʦܵƢԣк³
ɷȻұ·ţ֮£κεߣɱ٣
ɱ֪ʲôʱ΢΢شҶ˫ͫ
ʱ˿̣ڵɷͷŵħ潣£ͬһֻȻ壬Ҳͷų
Ʒ
ವһҶȾȻӭɷһٵ֮õĵɷһĻˣ˫ͫ

ɷħ潣Ҷȵڸ߿֮ײһ𣬴ſ񽣵ĵɷƺơҶ֮ϣǳ˰ģҪնɱҶȣҲҪֶ졣
벻ֶɽ磬˽ǰС
¡
ҶָٿȻһץֱѹħ潣ʼըһڸ߿ʧը֮ڷڣϾٵڳŲϵˣȴֻͨΪ
ϱըʧɷʧɫΪ޽֮صܷ飺ܣҶȣʵ˰Ե
ҶɱȻͷţŵüɵĵɷֹ֪ӣû˰ɣϧѾˣ㲻ɷͶ˰׷ħ棿ħС˵Ӧð׷ħնɱңԸֶ죬Ȼһ̫Сˣ
ɱţҶȣݵò㣡ɷ˫ĿԲ
꣡
Ҷȵָٴһץ
žžž
ħ潣ֱӿʼһƿѹÿʼ飬ɷҲУƵ趯Ҫƿƿƿ·һסĲӣͻһͷи
ʣһͷ£׹·

ֶӣɹͷʬ壬ӡ֮С
һ޽֮ضħͷУҶȵ֮£ˣĶЩš
ٵˣ뿴һ֣뿴ֶЦȴû뵽˴⣬Ȼֶһĵӣ׵ػ⡣
λѣµӣ֮˽𣡡ֶۣȻɫɼһɱϵ䡣
ɱĺã
ͻȻһٴˣع
ಣ
ɱһӪ֮УɳһߣһٵΪٲȻɱڣеĵ̡
ɱڣɽһţȴǳһҲȻӵǿߡ
ˣٴκɱڡ
ŵ꣬ҶȹȻնɱɱڵӣ½磬˵ɱڷڣ֪ɱ˶ٵɱӣ
һˣ㵵˵
ˣ̾ҲţΪɱڻ뾡취ɱҶȣȴû뵽ҶǿǲŶ֣ҲСҶȵǱ
һЦɱڳϣҶȣھɱɱ˶ţȻҵɱˣȷΪףֶ죬ѪڽҲи˽ᣬͬʱҲֶ֪죬ûʸ޽֮ڣɱһҲˣ뿪޽֮أؾɽ磡
ιɱڣֶҵڣͬˣǽգֶ춯֣ҵڣϲɱڣ
ɱڿ߲ƣңȻѪó˵˵ֶ죬ưոݡ
ǣͻȻһӪ֮Уӵдǿߵһһɵʼֻ룬ԵڵͻȻͷźʮϵˣȻɱڣͷžԵѹ
ڰ
һֱʧû뵽ֶڣôĸ֣ԭֶͬˣ
䣬޲ݣڣ룬ն죬νжڵڣֵĸд
ĵڣеĶֱ죬ȻǴڵġ
ɱڣֶͬˣڣɱڣҶȴ˽һϣԶҵĶ֣ɱ㣬ͬɱɷһ򵥣ɱȫĸ֣һɣ˵ɱڵġɱ֮ҲˣѵΪɱڵ䣬ȥ𣿡
ˣڵһʱҶͻȻһ˻δףȻһָɱڵĳüģԷһŵһ԰ףҶȿһۣǿɱһ
ھɽ۹㡣
ˡ
ʱһˣɱ߳üٸ˳һƳҶȣɭɭЦȻɱ֮Ե·ҵˣвңǾҪСģֶ죬ɱüȮ
ͣ
˵꣬Ҷȵָģɱߵüģһ٣ƵģҶ˲նɱ
һĻȫŭɱ֮ǧɱɱӡ
ˣȻֹ
Ҫɱˣɱɱɱ֮Ҳв֮ˣˣɱˣھ˽гްɣ
ʱҶȫͷųߵ䣬˵֮󣬿˷ɱңӦڽ죬и˽ᣬҲΪңţ˷ѣɱڵ˽˶ԹҶȣɱڻ⣬ֶû˿
˵ĺã˵ĺãˣӦݵԼ£Լȥ
Ҷ˵꣬ħǿ֮Уɽ۵ΪҶֽкá
ͻȻһһһЦɽۣʥɽħнʣҲͬ㣬ֶӣ˵ҲǴӣɱ֮Ǹֶ춯֣ʥɽ
ˣɱ֮ҧгݡ
Ѿѳ˵ǰ棬˭Ҫֶ춯֣ҵڻһվնҲŵХһһԵ꣬ǻûģĳħ
һһٶ֣һߵĲɣǺǣϷţһֱֶ죬ֱ˴ˣʥɽڵ˼һ˭Ҷֶ֣Ҳһվ
ɳɽһֶ콻ãȻҲվֶһ
ԶӪ֮УʮŮӣǰˮҲմɳɽ̬ȡ
Ҷ֪滨ţٲɽ£ϴ½ֶ죬칬ִڳ滨Ҳɵʲôˣ˭ֶΪУҲ滨ŵĵˣ
֮УһŮӵİ֮
Щˡ
ɱ֮ɱڵɱӣаģʲôζҲûˣû뵽ôȻʾֶ֧졣
ֶۺЦݣÿһֶӣû뵽ǾȻõôĴ֧֣һϲ⣬ֻмӣûжٱ顣
ֶ׵лλҶɱڵĶԹҶ˵֮£ֻҪлҹģ
Ҷٴ߳һѸղɱɱڳϣ߸ߵľ𣬰һҵĮ˵ɱ֮ɱڣ˵ǻװɣֶ޹أ˭ģͳͳɣ


1595 ֮
ɱ
һ£ɱڣɳʮٸ֣
ɱ֮ŭʨҶȣſħצͷſµһɱ֮Уϵط衣
ɱʼ磬һεĲ
үүģɱڣնҪӣɣһ⣡֮Уûģĳƣòһ
ն찲οΪֵģС£㻹ҼֵӦһ٣Ҽֵܵʵ¿ɱ˰ɣϴδٷѹ񣡡
ħЦݣٺ٣Ҳǣ̫ϴķˣǰ߶ʮһȺQСආ
УǧͷϢ̫ʼȻȻôʱʱ̶̿ԸӦϢ
һĶ֡
ᵽ̫ʼħֻʵˡ
ʮ١ʦ㣬û°ɣҶʦܣܷӦĹ
Ӻ󷽣ɵۡյ¡ĪԿࡢ桢Լӵˣڵĵؿξ
ξ񵭵˵ͷԱ߼ӣûʲôɫ仯˵һ˷ĵĻҶʦڵʵɱڶԣҲõģһֱδͷȫΪģյУĵˣ׷Ȼһ򾡣
Ҿ֪Ҷһǿ󵽲˼ĵز
Դֶڱ䣬ࡢ棬һֱֶ죬Ϊ״ӡֵӣǰȥʥɽ磬֮ڽ̫Ҵ½̫ңԶҲһʱ֪Ҷʵﵽεȸ߶ȡ
棬
˶ҶȼŲѣǵˣȫǶ٣ʮˣɱڵɱӣһŵ䣬Ҳ԰ɣ
ڳ࣬Ҳμӹɱɽ罻ţһΪҶȱֳĵ𺳡
ͬһʱڵҶѾԶԶسԽǡ
ޱڵΡ޼ڵĳҫ۵ţҲʧɫ⻷Ȼࡣ
һȺ߹ɱ֮㿴ɣҶȣ½ʱٵɱӣɱģ
Զʮ٣඼һٵɱӣҶȸֶȻδʩչֻͷһɹ⣬ķˡ
Ŵ󲽣һɱӡ
һĻ䣬ĶЩţһˣȣֻаӦе֮ڳʮˣһ䣬Ҳţ߿Ǹηˡ
졢ΡҶȣΪʦ濴ۣʵǴﵽ٣ȻѾӵٺܸߵԽǣֶô꣬ԭһֱڰУĵӣ
ӻӿ̿С
ޱٵţ죬Σ΢߹ʩǵ˫֮ͫУҶȵӰƺʱ֪ҶǶôĳ
ҺҶȣϵǳţδɵеĳһ߶ȣҪǿͬˣҲΪʦĵӣҶȶ߶
Ӫ֮Уǧ룬һߣ׷ԲԣһϢ޵ĺܣ̾أʥ
ʥŵŵӡ
ҶȣֶֿӪе棬ʥɽ֮еʩ񣺡ʦģӻʥɽֶ챣ָõĹϵ
䣡
߿֮Уһɱڸ֣̳ɱ֮Уɱ˿ռ䣬Ҷȡ
Ҷȴӿ첽Ȼûгֵ˼ɱ֮ײѴɱ֮Уײķ飬һɱӣһײȻһɱӣײͬʬȻը
һ٣Ȼײ
ɱַبҶȿǿٵصһˡ
·ǵ꣬Ҷ뿪Ҷң޵һѪ󣬻صƳǣѵײһĻʶ
˷ˣؿҶȣײһɱӣû˵֮ǰŲͬ˼ˣҲһƿԡ
֮ǰоɱ˵ɷײɱڵ֣ҶչֳʵȻرֳﵽɽͷе
ӣҶȣȷҲȥͥ
ͥһΪͥĴ䣬ʱʱ˵ЦڣҲǱҶȵ򱧻ӡ
ΪϽ죬ɽ罻ᣬͥĴӼ£²鿪ЦҶȣһļǵãУֲۣҲ㲻û۵ĵطû뵽֮Уܳһˣ
ֶ֤ⷴĲǰҹֻͥȫ£һţһЩǱš
߸̾
ͳͳҪȥ
ʮˣҶȻײ춼ѪֶӣΪ˶ɱȴΪ˶ɥ
Ϊ䣬ɱ֮Ȼ̤һ
ಣ
ʣɱӣŵȶϻس
Ҷȿɱ֮ݣɰƵᡣ
ݴݣȻȻ˵ɱ֮˵ó֣˽֮˽ЩϣͲòˣ
һҲŲƽϣҶȣҴˣҾͷΣնɱ
ɱ֮Ȼ˷ɱ֮ɱڣҶȽ֣˭˫Թһ˰ˣ
ǺǣɱҲһ
մһЦ
ɱ̤֮ٶ꣬ʦ㣬ҶȻ˵Ķ𣿡
ɳɽ֮Уˣǽ
ʮŮӣһǶ٣ϢĮǧ֮⣬ǣ·ԶҶȣ˺档
ˮǰ֪ʵﵽʲô߶ȣһֱĬԺȴڲ֮ǰײҶľ쳡۳ƹӡѩһĻ
Ҷȡʱ͸һ֣ʮֲ򵥵ĸоȻһֱز¶Ļʱڣطâ̤һ٣ʵﵽĵزſʼչ¶âɽ磬ֶ죬ֳһţ
ˮ̾һ̲⣬ֶӪξ񣺡ֶĵӣһһĪ⣬Ρǵʵɳɽȥ
ɱ򣡡
Ϊ䣬ǿߣɱ֮һ֣Ȼɱ
ȻͻȻͷž˵ٶȣȻͷɱҶͻϮҶ׼һµ򣬾ͲסҶȡ
Ǵɱ֮κλᡣ
ΡҶˣ
ֶۡסȻҶȣŲȴҲɱ֮Ķ֣
棬ˣ󲿷ֶ͸ɱ֮ڣ׷ʲôֻٲֵ䣬ͫϱ㵵Ŀ⡣
ǣƺܿɱ֮ڣڷʲô
ɱֶеӣס˺
˷ҲĿתɱΪ֣˻עһУֶ£ʵ飬ܵĴʧһӣɱڲͷ
ˡţһšĪ
ˣһЦΧԼ֣ܶףΪǿ͸ɱ
΢ߡ޼۴ɡ滨šɽۡħȫ֮롢ˮ鹫ЩǷҲһһȻ
ͣ
ɱͻȻһ彣մ룬أ

һ£ѪˣĵͷХȻ󡭡ͷʼ彣·롣
䣡
ֺˣɱڵɱӣŵع¡
ɱ֮ͷ۵ҶȣץΧɱ򣬿ʼݰʧɱ֮ͷӴԺҶɱڵĶԹһʹɱھݣҺ⣬ɱڣ


1596 䣡
䣡
ɱڵĸ֣߿գµͷ֮ʹ޵ضҶȣȴ뿪ˡ
ɱ֮ͷҲء
ģҶȵʵκεĸͷ̫ǿˣǵ䣬Ҷȵ£ʲô
ģʦܣ
ֶ죬򱬷ΧˣҲΪҶ֣ҶȵʵһУҲעΪֶڣ²ĥһʡ
ҶȰɱ֮ͷɱڣȻתֶۣޱȵھΣҶȣΪԭܵӰ죬ϴۣʩԳͷӸԸܷ
ħӪ֮Уɽ۵ЦˣʲôģڳĸλˣɱļУһô룬󲿷ֶҶֻ˰ˣ
ִӪ֮УһЦɽǰ˵ļǣ֮Уеɱ룬岻׸ڳĸǻǵڣǿǰĨɱɱڰɣ
ʦҶϲδǧҪ𷣣
ֶеĵӣ˼ӣߣδ£ĵӣ״֣ͳͳֶʹ۹£ΪҶ顣
ֶۣʱȴ˵һ䣬ɽˣ벻ĻͷȻǲٵģҶȣΪʦͳͽ㣬ӴˣȫţţŴС£㶼ҪʲôʧǾͽ
ǣҶϾʩ񣬵ͷһ̣Цĺϲ£졣
ʲôͷȫֶС£
ⲻ͵ڣֶֶۣ죬ҶȣⲻǳͷϵĽ
ʵΪֶչֵĵ̣ȫӵгһţǿֶôᣬͷԼӣ
ʱ˷ˣĸֶ۵˼
ˣ˽۷׷ס
䣬òֶ۵۹صĴ·ʽƺէȻףΪλᵮҶŹ
ɱڣ˵ֶ죬԰ǲΣǰֶ죬ҲȻԳϦǸԺʵɣ
ͻȻһˣӪ֮У˳
鹫ӣ
˲䣬ˣͳͳĿ࣬ˣ緢ķƯڸ߿ա
鹫ӣħħڵɷа̵ɱȵâ׿Խǰңе֮
䣬鹫ӣĸݵġ
ǰõ½¼䶯ɽ硣
ϵһ˿ٱǾ˹ԭаþĴ֣ңȳİͷ
Ϊɽ磬֪Ͼͷҵõӵ
ΪĶӣ鹫ӣȻҲ˽ֵ治ѣ޽֮ؾһ˷ǿߡ
ҶȣͬΪһҲĶ֣
鹫ӵ⣬ˣҪҶȣֶ
鹫ӶҶң룡ҶȻƵᣬֻı飬֮ǰһЦݡ
ֵڵʱ֮⡣
šǿȻգһӣڸ߿֮Уӣ
˫ۣ˫ͫͷŵĽɫâ͸ֵڵʱգһҳʿڰػֶ졣
ʦ鹫ӽУ࣬Ȼ˶δɸ߶ȣȻﵽ۷壬ٵţΪ֮һ̾
ʩչͨߵ֮УƬʱգκεĶΪͨߣԪ쳣ǿ׾٣ѿֵʱڷһĻʽ档
ΪӵҶôһʦܣеԺ
ٿȻǰգ޽֮صһƽɫâͬռ֮ϯ
˫ͫشЦݣȻֹһأӶ˫ۣ˫ִһ֮ͨҾҪ˭ֶ
ಣ
˫ͬʱָʳָ˫ü˫ͫ첻ĽɫĿ⣬ϵ͸ǰɫա
֮ɫȻأɫҲջ˫̴ͫһӡʦһΪİ񣬴Ųٸֱֶ֣
ֶ۵ɽַı䣬ͷ׷׽٣½ռţ޽֮أ£˶ֶ֪սţҪһеģ
ȥĨɱȻһŭ
㻹ǼذУ֣ССһΪʦҪʱ̸ӦǬͥԼ칬һ񣬾ļλʦáʦȥӦߣɱպóɾֶ
ӵ
֮ǰ͵Ȼ޴棬ȻϢ޴ʱգһ񡭡˴ʦ㣬λʦʦãԸЩѣڣв٣ɱİ񣬿Ǹŵļһ
ʹ죬Ҷ֣ͨȻˣ
ڣ鹫ҶȣٸغϣĶˣգ۾档
鹫ӴһƬɫ֮Уɳɹ⣬ȻֶûҶȽֵ˼
ҲķڷҶȴδ鹫ӵˣֻǵĿǶְˣҲδȫʩչ
˰ɡ
˵֮Ҷȹ鹫뿪УȴڵȴʲôƺҲֵİϢ
䡭
ۿˣ̨ҶȶϾ֮սҶչֵȣҲֶͨ
˿̣һֻ޴ӡȻĽ֮ϣײӣжʧȥԺһƬ¡졣
ôˣѡʱ򣬹Ȼֶ֣
䣬δܵӰ죬Ƕܴ㵣Ȼˣʱֶ죬Ӹɵǿߡ
ҶһɨΧ̾ˡ΢ߡ޼ɽۡħȫ֮롢ߡ졢ˮ鹫ӡԼ۴ɡ滨ŵˣδжɫ仯ϴۡʦˣҲ͸ӦͻȻɱİ񣡡
ǶϹżԪ񵺡䣬ո뿪Ԫʱգ칬ѹΪ𣬱ִֻ죬кˣýɽۻӣϣϴңԱΪ𣬶Կ칬
Ȼ䣬һˣ޷İ֮ƿս٣ڽ֮𵴶
޷ֻӣǿ־ֱҪѹԪ
ǿҪ£е䡣
񵺣ЩӦŹϸԪ֮УǿܵԪ֮شңԶļԪ֮ռ䣬ۼԪңḷ́λɱһƷ칬
Բѣ񵺣Ȼ˵칬µģ
һ칬Ӱ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ڽ߿ա
칬Ĺ죡
칬ִߣһ񣬿칬λϸԪνȥԪ֮£Υɽ־֮󣬱ɣɱ칬̳
죬Ц
ҶȰͷǿĸӦһٶǿߣҪֶ죬ղŵƿʩչͨЦĲ֪ߵغİҲã졢ͥڣֶ죬ûжӰ죡


1597 ŭ
ͻȻð䣬ɽҪôǸûԵļһҪôһдͨľͷ
ҶȰֶۡξն졢Ƶ˽δжٵģڳ̫࣬ΣɹĿԣ̫ˡ
߲߲ƣǻֶ죬һĳ
߿գʱϣĿ⣬һ칬ۣ޷б¾ͷ¶βΰѹ
úãȻˣҪڴˣ칬Ĺͷȡ£ҲλͶ״
ƣ
Ȼ֮⣬󲿷ˣ֪ʲôˣںδ֮ͻȻһֻ֣һٶӰǿ˺磬վһƣֱ졣
ֵ칬ƻʢ£ǳȥٽ֣
첻ǹչֳ֮磬ձʮִߣɳ硣
㣬޽֮ء
ٶĴ֣ӵаֳ٣Լ֮⣬ĸˣֵƣĶɤ
ಣ
ڵˣִ߷ɳ˳뿴ʲôˣҲնɱ졣
ֶҲڵӣšڡʥɽȴһͬɳ磬뿪ֵʱգֻڻɫŰգʮִߣһٶǿߣɱڶš
˫Ӫ룬һŰƵӣͷųڿռ䣬ʼ飬š
ƣֵΧʱյɣľս֣ѵõĳ档
أ
ɲǼ䣬ɱգӰղϵؽ֣׷Ҹϣһ칬ʥϢϵɹ⣬ʼײ
֣ݺգЩСķʣ飬춼ʿڱ䡣
ƻ޽֮ѹγյĻ֮У񲻶Ͻ֡
ˡ
һӲӵ칬ͻȻӻ֮Уڶͬѹ̫貶Ŀ
治ǶĶ֡
۴ɲ滨ţȻԽɫ칬ű˽⣬۴ɣȻŶԽ𹬵ļɵ
۴˫ͫâǿѴﵽжθ߶ȣϸ֣Ҫնɱ죬Ҳô򵥣
䣡
һ󣬽ɫ칬ͻȻײһƬɹ֮УǶζըˣƺѹ죬ȴ׶Ը𹬡
ֶۣ죬Ҳͬ˾ۻһ죬öɱ졭
Ȼ䣬ʥɽӪ֮Уݶһׯϡʥ
ˣֶ죬ֿʥɽ
ֶ΢΢һЦٻлѣ˵ļǣֶģҵĿˣöɱ칬ˣֶ죬ζɽи˵
˻һ䶼ֶ˼
ֶӣȥȴΪӣȴܰ
һ̣΢΢ƫԶĵ֮УնƲ߳ȭۣն죬ʵЩǰǶУҲҵķ緶
лģֶ۾ȻֱӴӦˡ
ಣ
ƶգնͻȻɳϢʼ֮ʼչ¶ٵϢڲͬԵĵ
Ҳųƣ̤٣붫ǿԽʮغϡ㹻ˣ⣬׵ģҶɳĬնգսƣƿʼݺѹɹ֮С

һʱ䣬Ľײ쵶սƱĴա
ڵֻ٣ʵȻԽ˰񣬻˵ᡭ
ʧ̫ãɽУȻеǸڵʵ
䣬ڰн
ϸԪҲڵģȴһСӣǲ֪ߵغ񣬸뱾⣿
һɹ⣬Ϊ˶ĿԣĵƲסϹϽһԹԵЩǱ
ͻȻɹ֮еĶ˫磬ʨͷ𹬣һɹɵ
Ȼ̺˲Ҷȼ֪ڴ߶

ϯĻƣ׷𿪣ն켫Ϊ԰׵ֳȻϵط˻
ˣն¶⣬ΪȻ붫ʮغϣһ
Ȼ޷ﵽ굶ĸ߶ȣȴҲ벻Զˡ
˷ѣնɱ칬ĹӰɣ
еΪһ޴ʨͷ·ҲΪһƵģһɴ۵⣬һײڽ֮ϡ
ۣ
𹬺󷽵죬Ž𹬱˻𿪣Ѫ

ʮǿִߣһͬĳ칬ʥӡΧȻ칬ʥӡΪһ޴Ľɫ칬
Ԫ˭˿ɵ𣡡
Եǰ񣬶һȺ٣¶Цݣмκˣվһƺ칬ʥӡ֮ϡ
ۣ
ʮִߣ׷Ѫ
Ԫ𣿡
Ȼһµħɽһֻƶ𺳵ȥ޽֮صգ顣
ת޴ħɽɵɫһ䣺֣û뵽ħеԪ
ɽ۳ˣħڶȥȷ˳֣ѵԪˣ
һЩ˷׷׶Ϊɽ۽кã󣬲ħ֮𣬶ĺúôѹ档
䣡
ǰȫͷųɫƤǴ޽壬˫ȭƽգ𣬴Ӹ߿һȭħɽ֮ϡ
ħɽʼ飬ɽҲ˺ɫȻԣҲǶĶ֡
ߺߣֶԸ
ͽɽ磬ѹˣ֣ѹ
һ̣Ƿŭаħĸ˲Զ֮Աǣʷ
λ
ڿҪ֮ʣֶ˳ʦӣ˶عͷֶ죬ҶǿˣҪɱˣɱ˭ֶ
˻һ˶ˡ
ֶۣ΢΢һ𣺡ֶۣĵǣˣΪϴңԸ칬ĪҪ뱾ΪУ
ΪҪΪУʲôʱɱ˶ԣڽ죬˵칬һֻϣҲɱֶȻŸո޽֮㣬ȴҲ˭˶ԲһţΪˣҪΪÿ˸𣬶һİ񣬻ݣ뿪ֶ۵˵
뿪ܣҡͷ
ֶͻȻתξӣֹԫġҶȣȥ붫ǰУ֪ԪˣӵеĹâϸԪȻĿã
ӵ
ӣڲٳĬͬʱֶ۹Ȼһһ߳ˣ޷ˡηȥ


1598 ӶԶ
ӣʱգ
ֶοЦݣ˶꣬һӣڳɳ
ʦξҲЦüǰĮ
ֶۣŮ˾Ůˣ֣뱾ּغϣȴɳĵӣңǸ֪
ƺ죬ɨӣ䳰΢Цţٿֶۣ˶
ʱˣȥĳΪȥڲʵʱͿ˵ķɰɣҾáǱ㣬»ȥֶ۷ЦЦָɽơ
ʦܣʵӵɽ籾ԴζԸҪԸˣ
ӣϿΧգž˵
ֹԫӣһľǻ
ͷͻƶ٣ҵʵҲδ٣ǣʵȴﵽ߶ȣһñԴԼͨ
ˣǶʦ𴫳еʦܣͻһ٣ҲõʦĴаɣ
š
ҶĬˣǴУеģʱ˿̣Ҫڼǰһõ˶۴УӵзǷģ
һչ¶ľ˳ˮֶۣ۵ĴС
˵ʵҶҲףˣҪԿѶ̫ˣֶ۴ÿ˵ĵǶĶ֡
һȣСνսûйƽģȻǵʦǱ飡
ƣ
һĻˣСȻȳ֡
ûһ㣬ӹĹ֮߳˫һƣȻһȻһԣռ䣬Ƕ֮

һһŮӣֱ˲˼Χʼγɱռ䡣
Ȼ󣬻Ϊһ޴ƣ·ҪѶѹױ
ֶ졭
·ǵ䣬ֶһӣӵа
ƣ
߶һܶĺʼ飬γɵıƣƺҲʼ顣
޾
һŮӣ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ڶΧǶӣƤ˹ŹֵԣȻһɲ֪ʲôεͨͻʳͷžԣ

·ֱľ֮
𣡡
ͬʱֹԫһ˫һȻͷһԽͨһͬȥ
ֶĵ̡һĵӣôأֶۣ
ʥɽ֮У֮ɵ֮е䣬ˣûпսǿֶۡ
һһŮˣ
Ҳв䣬һֶۣеĿ⣬Ƿֶ֣۵ȷ޷
һȺС
Щæ˫һ֣һۺҲԣֱӱը
һը𹥻ӣ׷һ
λõһΪƣԵȱҪǿķס
ڶָɣ粽߳ҪúʰʱҶͻȻֶ˫֮Уһյȼա
ͻͻͻ
ţſȼգŸҶһģһĿܷȻֳ彣ϢڶΧ
ʲôȻԵǿĿܣǰȻóƵĲ
ÿƣ֪նɱٵǿС
ɱ
ҶȿɲҪԸİ취ʵ̫ˣϧ붫սڳ졢ߴڣһСģй¶ʲôϢͥ칬֣鷳ʹˡ
ͣ
Ŵ趯彣ն
ʵ̫Ǵﵽ񣬻뱾սȥڵ㣬̫żˣˣץһϵɽһն
һµĻߣɲն彣ȻоŴңѷնء
ɽʮ⣬Ϊ鷳׻⣬ϧնķȻҶȴ߶ƣʼϣ彣һι
߸ɵĺã¾Ϳǵģ
ֹԫġ𣬳ڶϷȻվڻ󣬰Լ׷ע뻪ı
֪С
ֱӷĴӣӶɽҪµİ
ݡ
ȻһҶȾŴܷͬʱǿ彣
ӳȻն彣Ŵֿʼ޷Ĩɱ
ʱ˫֣ҶΪȡʱ䣬ĴӵۺһȰڣ㼯ڻڡ
ƣ
ٿȻʩչԹĵľѧһƬԺֱӽڶΧ
һУ˺һУҲס𿪾ŴȻӶΧ̵ı

ĽȻԺ
ǣ޷ŵķֻ֣ǰѺȻƯֻǿһӡ
ǡԭǱԴ
ʶԭĽԳԺڣֻȴû飬·ʲôѹƺ޷顣
ͣ
Ҷȴץס˻ᣬ뻪Ŵ̳Ӿ˵Ľͣع
߶ƣʼԺռ䣬ܰѺ飬ոշߣռֿʼᣬҶȵķѲٴɱ
·䣬·࣬׷ҡͷ̾û뵽һ񡭡˸סˣ
ҵĵΣȥɣ
ֶȻ˵ɫۣյȻ󵱿ȵӣҲаҲǰնɱɣҵĵӣİ䣬е䣬вУ̫Ϊǣ
ߣٷŴ󻰣Ǳͽĵӣնɱ˵
ŭɶղŵ磬ȫûˣ˫磬ֿʼѳʨͷΪһ׳˶͵ʨ
У
ϷֹԫͷԼȫ뻪ڣȻһ޴Ժƣֱѹȥ

ͷʨͻȻſ죬һͨ
¡
ͨںƣǰһͰѺƣķ飬Ĵӣһһ԰ɫ
ͷų
ҶͻȻʩչ֮ŴӶ彣ȻǰһעڣҪȫ߶
ã
Ĵû˰취ҲǶǰȫҶȵĿܷ֮ϡ
ȻŴȻʼںϣΪһҶһģһĴڣе彣ͷųĻƣȶ
ֶ¡ҾʹʦԶǵãֶɹ
Ҷȵı𣬿ʼĵ˼£ȫ߶ڿ֮УȻһжļ󣬲˿̡
Ҳֶֻۡξࡢ桢ɽۡն졢ơľ쳵ˣŴ֪Ҷȵ⡣
ݣ
ȫһҶȵķһ޴彣ͬʱɽĶ


1599 ķ
߶彣ԣǰĿ
ɽ᳤磡

ײյˡ
ͣ
彣ӵؼҶȻڰУ򣬾ȻۼеɽɣӵĲལ޼᲻ݵ˳š
ѪֱɣҶȵĿܷҲʧĴӣͬʱ£¶˾ϲЦݡ
ã
Ϊɽˣ
·ʱ춯صĽк֪ΪΣӴܶǿžŭڿԱ
ֶǰĵӡ֮У鹫ԵЦĿҶϣСӣز¶ʵӵİɣ
ۣ˵ӣʵ˴ңɵ䣬׷ֶ۱ʾףء
ֶ죬ס
֪ʲôʱ򣬶һݻһٶ֣Ȼֶ֮ǰ˵ˡ
죬ִߣڨڨػص·
λʦʦ㣬ˣ
ʮֶӣҶȡߣסˣ̾£뿪˸߿գصֵ
ȻֶҲٴɣص򣬼ʢ䡣
һΣӣû˿Ĺϵ
ʱʱգֹԫġڸԶУĵĻָţҶҲһռ䡣
ֻһЩˡ
ĵͷҶȣʱȴȻն졢ơľ쳵˴赣ģȻ󾲾ؿʼԴָ
ֻһЩȴҲܺԣҶȼӿٶȣʼָ˭Ҳ֪ʲô鷢ҶҲھʡ
ƵǺáӲ˼Ƭأ
ϢᣬҶȵԪ񣬽뵤룬ƳƯŵƬ
ϵ·صʣϵԣԽ˾䣬һж֤ƬһͬѰĴڡ
·ԿӦ÷ǳ޴󣬿Ϊʲô飿Ȼǿޱȣ
֪նɱٵǿУҵУˮĻ˾䣬ƬǵһҾĲ˾䣬ʱ䣬һҪֲˮĲ㣬֮󣬹ǿУ˭ֵܵ
ӵвٵڤ̷ʵ̫࣬˷Դ
Ժҵģͷھ䡢ˮƬ֮ϡָң
ƬϵĻָһ󹦷ҶȻδƬܣֻںϣܸܵء
ţ
ֻǶݵķδȫָҶȾ͸Ӧˣ뿪ԭѾȥ죬ֶɹ޽֮ؿɣ˷ˣҲʼ뿪ֵʱա
ߡ
Ӧͷţױͷ֣߾ͲһˣҶȻش߶ߣƿؾ棬Ȼ֪ħڡ塢а̵׷뿪ͥ칬ǿҲ뿪ˡ
Ҳڲϵȥ
ҶȣѰд֮УһЩŵ䣬ڲԶռ棬ڰпӣ
䣬ֶ۵ݶ
Ŷ
΢΢һ룬ҶȻȻ򣺡֮УȻͳһߵģȻеţͥеĻɵ칬ҲеģϡҪѵõĻᣬ䣬ܵ޽֮ػ棡
̼һʩչԪϢ뿪󷨣Ȼ֮⡣
ʦܣ
ڵ֮⣬ȴһᣬʦξͬ޵ͨóҶȷԱߡ
Ҷʩʦ㣬ʦڰУĶ
ţʦҲ֪ͨңжʦܣˣһŲ֪ʦáʦܵˣҲ֪Ȼû̫ʦҲ֪ͨǣֻǲϢ
ξأƾڵʵ͸һɣصƮϢ
˵˰ʱֶطɳֵ΢΢ףһʧӰ١
ߣ
ξҶȣϢ׷ȥ
뿪ֶڵʱգʮ֮ξҶȣͣǰ֮Уֻ۴ɡ滨Լ䣬ոյֶ۴к
ʦ㣬ʦܣ
һӰ
ʦܣͷͨǶԻʦξ񵭵˵
˫ͫͷųĽ⣬Ȼûǰ֮С
ֶ죬һɽ絽ɽ磬ʱʱ̣̿ڸšͷͨߵҶľ̾ѣһţһȻƿش֣˳ᢡ
ʼᣡ
֮˫һϣȻһɽУƯ˵ǰ
̣΢ߵ΢ЦҵһϷˣ£
Ǽֻδ뿪ˣ۴ɽЦóΪ䣬֮йʡ
滨ţ
һЩ䣬ʶ滨ţ۴ֶ۽ܣ˲֪ݡ
Ȼ󣬲һЩ䵽ʮˣɵ磬һţǳһš
ʱ䲻࣬ͥ칬ζˡ
۴ͻȻڣʮֵĽ½¼֮칬ĶУѾȻң⵽һƬʷٵķţҲ֮ܵǰĶһЩͷ½翪ʼӶԴˣʥɽҲһԹ
һͨԪòŽնɱˣӦ
΢߽ŵɽңֱǰһͳǣôͥ칬᲻뷨󲿷ɽŹͥģ
Źͥʲô׵ģͥǿ칬һֱΪɽ羡ľһ䣬ֱƫͥ
ͥ޷Ը칬෴ѹƣֻͥϣһֱɽҲ˹ͥٵĺôһ䣬ֹ֧ͥ
Ҳ칬ɽͥʲô
ͥһУֻ£ģڣ칬Ǻ⣬ڣƺҲ÷ȥԸ칬ǣȻ
˰ɣͥҪԿ칬˶֪칬Ĺ࣬󣬹ͥȻҪϸϸƻç֮£
Ȼ󣬼ʮ䣬Զ˵Լ뷨
濴ưʵÿ䣬˵Է
Ϊɽ䣬½ܵǱġеˣڵĸ֣ݵϸϸȥԼ𣿡
һ֮ǻš
Զξ΢΢ҡͷΪʧ̾
ͥ칬칬ۣͥɽ磬һ˵ģ˶壬ͥڲ˵Щ⣬ûдоԾܱ¶ɽ˽֪Ҳµס˶Թͥ
Ҷ򰵰̾Ϣòۣͥйͥǿߣټɽ磬ӪԼʤ칬Ӯһ˵Ρ
칬ԼԼϻıԵ


1600 ɳɽ
˵ħ塢айͥ칬ԼַȽȫơ
ַǳ棬ֻĵ̣ǿʱʱ̻̿ᱻ̲
ʮ䣬Ƿǳǲй㡣
˿һ۷׷ס۲ݵ䣬˼ͥԪΪҲۣһйͥ칬ԼһܲħаɣԶһˣܸλǲҪͥǻһˣ
ϷԤϣɽ֣᳹׷仯칬ķ籩ﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣʱиǿʿͬǰǿߣֳʱһҪǳͶǣֻһַʽǿ⣡޼ڵ޼пնһƬǳУ˳ǻۡ
λ䣬滨½¼˵ʵɽЩݺ޽֮ءİȣʵҪһЩЩ˶࣬˭֪췴칬ǲҪưԣɽأ
Ȼվţ滨ţ˵ˡ
ˣ
滨żŶԸľ⣬͸ϧ˹ǵӢۣΪ棬ѶڣͶ칬ôɽˣڸ񡢴ѹǻѡγһ磬
ֵǸӣͥ칬ҲˣȻ֪뷨ǻһЩʱ䣬Ͼ̬δﵽѡĵزлλ٣
ֶۺټȥиңǸʱһʱ
ۿˣԺʲôҪܿڣͬΪ벻
䣬һ׷׵ȥ
֣ҪĶ
΢뿪֮ʣдһ䣬һͬȥֻʣֶۡ۴ɡ滨š
滨Ż긾ŮϳЦյӣȷЩֶΣʵ٣Ǻȫѹ
ССһܷʲôţȻصȻһȥȻ֣һ죬ǻϣģ
ֶ۵ףл⣬۴ɰصЦЦͷֵ
䣬û뵽˿£
Զգվʧ
ξҶȣ̾һ䡣
ֵǳĬҶȿӣϲ⣬Σеħа嶼磬İɣ½һ˶ΣգӪڶķߣЩ䣬ٶǰǺ»ηηβ뱣Լʵ˳Ϊӣ
ҲˣҲԼǿ󲻵ãʦܣʦʱҪ뿪һᣬԺپۣ
ֵ⣬ӱȭʧȥ
ξҶȽҲȥ֧־棬Ҷࡢһᣬصʱա
ˡ
м죬һٷֵ֮⡣
ʼ˸ٷϢҶʩչԪһץٷƿǰδ飬ҶȾ;ϲЦĵٷٷУһ˿֮
·Ԥϵʲô˲ٷ
ׯϡʥ߹һӰƽ˵ѳɹ̤ҲħԪ˱׸ħԪ׷ħϵʵˡɲŮ¹ùã˵ĲڵңȻۿ⣬ѿ֤ڵң
ҶȻذٷϢڣϲüң߬˫ȭ̤ʵȻﵽǿĵز滨šҲټˡɲŮ¹ùãǿԴﵽ̫ƻ׷ħָ߶ȣҺӦÿѹ׷ħ棡
ֲҶ˸ˣŻ̤ôߣһֲٵԮ̫Ҵ½ʵȫߣڻġˡɲŮ¹ùĴ£ֶԪаʡĿˣп̤񾳽硣
űҲ᲻ϵ̤٣аоر̫Ҵ½ӴԺʵһһ䡣
ڵʵҪԾȱ٣öնɱ񣬶ǣ̤١١
Ҷ̿ʼУ
޽֮أһƬ籩˺ʱ롣
ȻƯһڲֲͬĴ½
½ȴɽˮදϢһЩӣ֮ͬУţڵɽۣ֮ȻһƬѩ壬һƬѩɫ
֮£Ȼһ֮ء
֮У··Ȫϵϴܣ죬Ůӣ͸ɴ£֮У֮Уð֮ӵǿʢ
룬Ưһʥ͸Ȼ£޽֮أȴûκεĳ
ಣ
һٻӰ֮硣
ʦ㣡
еŮӣ̧ͷ£ˮΪһ裬ĮɹأĽ֮ϡ
ڣŮֵأΪǴﵽ٣ˮ𾴵ʩ
ˮ֮ڣǬһؿռ䣬¥Ưڰٻ֮Уˮ¥ţȻⲽ룬¥֮ϣڴ̨һ磬ڵס¶ʥϢŮӱӰ
ʦ𣡡
ˮ¡
ڵŮӣȻˮɫĺ޸飺ȥֶ죬μӵھۻᣬ˳𣿡
˳ֶ콨ǲδɳɽԼ̣һӴˣ޽ֶ֮һ
ˮɹ£ʼֶһУͷβȫλɳɽվ޽֮۷Ůӡ
Ҷȣ
ŮĺȻһһֱδжɫǶҲûжĶݣֶһĵӣͻȻԾ𣬴ͷɽ磬ȴ˲һľٶ
ˮҲúͻأʵʦΪζͻȻðţȤ
Ů΢΢ҡͷȤˮΪҶȵˣɽ磬ǰͳΪɽķͷţ
ǰδ˵һУżȻΣֶ쿪һˣͻȻ𣬲ֶ£мӣһʵҲﵽĸ߶ȣ޾ףӣ˶٣
Ҷȡɽ𣿡
ǵģʦǷҶȣʮֵ⣬ʦһֱڱչأδ뿪ţѵǰ֪Ҷȣ
֪Ҳ˽⡭ˮΪʦھɸһ񣡡
ӶȫԸ
Ϊʦϻ취Ϊ񾳽磬Ȼ󡭡ȥ뾡취ɱҶȣ򡭡ɱʦ𣬻ɳɽŮӣȻɱ´
ɱҶȣ
ˮһһ㵡
ʲôҪʣɳɽȻ޽֮أʵͥ칬̫ԶԺһԭ㣬ڣȥɣŮ΢΢֣ˮߣȻŴ⣬̾Ҿ֣ţһֱĬĬţ


1601 رĶ
޽֮ĳʱգʮˣһ񣬲ϵطɽ硣
Ƕ
һ֣ʱ֮뿪޽֮أɽ磬Ȼŭɶĺȵֶ졭ԪȻУ˴Ҫֶ죬𣡡
ˣֶ֪ھɽĵλã
һߡ
·ϴαΪĲϱҲδȫﵽԲ״̬һΡ˭˿赲Ĳߣ
һɱڷգһŭͫΧˣǶ٣ĸŵû¡
һʱʮ֣ȻƺһɫʯƯڰе
ã
һռ֮УһξķٿȻۣɱ̴һ뿪ֶ졣
ǲ֪ߵغֶ죬һֱɽʵ˾͵ӣξպʦ񹦴ɣͣװ׷Źַḻͣ
ξķָֻǰɱϵơ
Χ򡭡
һЦʮ֣󲿷һѾ޴ΧסȻͷų޴Ľ硣
ʵδﵽ۷壬֮ǰһЩԴɣ
Ȼĳ˫ƣһ޴ƣֶץסȻ֮Уʼͷһͳͳġ
˿ֶ̣ڲĵӣոշ֣ȴǵǰһ𣬿شڵľ
޽֮أֵ
ţ
ɲǣ֮ڣˣͬʱ˫ۣȻһͬ
ֶ۴ɡ滨ʲôȴȻֹɱЦøɱҾɽţ
Ŀŵ۴ɱһɷǣ֮ɱҲɵãͷų
ʦ𣡣
ͬʱߴӣΧ磬ͬ٣ȻһӣӦɽĴ¡
ֶۿߴӣֱҶξϣҶȣ¾Ǵ
ξʩʦģ
ʵǰһҪǿһЩϴֻǶ˵ƤëѣˣҲвСѹΪʦǣڶôô죬޾ͷػֶ۵˵
ಣ
ξҶͬʱһ뿪˿ռ䡣
֮
ɽϿգ̰أðûһᣬȻ˴ԴĽ磬͸ˡ
ξճХѹպգֱѹҶֶ죬ԾĹ
ĺã˭Ҳ޷ֹɽɱ޽֮أһݣʮٸ֣ɱ߿ա

ξҶȣͬʱƯգ·Ǽʮٸ֣Ҷȿξ񣺡Žʱ飬ʦ㸺ţԸ
ã
˾ϬˣҶ˵꣬ݵطʮɱĸ֡
ξ򵱿һӰ
ռ䣡
Ҷȹһˣգǰƻɱĸ֣һٵٲȣҶָͻȻڵգ΢΢һץ

һƬռ䣬뼸ʮ֣ͻȻ̲ˣ
򣬿ռͨ޷ƶֺûпܣеķ޷߶ȫѹƽڡ
һĻǾԲţǳһСһС

Ŀռ䣬ٿȻӿһһˣۼԼѪ⣬Ȼٵشȥδ߶޷赲Ѫϵʧ

ʮ֣ŵ˫ȷʼģźһԼȻ׹ǣȻ֡
Щ֣ӣ̫ˣ˰ɣҶԣǾҵ֣ҵȡŵĽԴҪҵհ㲿еһУֻ
ƯҶȣһɹգ˫ͫϵ룬ϵ׳
һĻЩ޷ţȻƿƣҶȣСӣ޽֮أ뱾ԣڻ赲ɱɣЩСආֻǱߣһȺˣǣһУ
ǺǣҿԤϣ޷ƿأҶȺЦݣռʮֵ
𣡡
оҶȵڴһ⣬ŭ޴ɷţȻֱӻӶƣ
ҶȵĿ⣬ĺȻһ
ֶ죬ɲģ
ϷһŮӣȻĵӡ
ξһ£޷ֶĵӣƯڽϷľƣһء

ľƣŰܣѸڽ֮ϣҡΣȻΧĴأѹ˲𣬻Ϊ档
ܡ
ʧ֮ƲĽ磬ȻȻ̵ͦڰգν˿֮£ξǰСȴһ
ξɱĵЦϹŶҪΪϹһʤļԪʵĩգܿͻᵽˣ
Сˣʰ㣡
һвɣ¿㣬ֶ֪ԶԶϣȻƣͷų
ξ񡭡Ȼ
ƺֵȥ֡
ʦ䰡СʵѾԽ˶Ҳüӿٶȣ
Ҷȿռ䣬ʮˣ󲿷ֶΪ˰׹ǣֻʣ¼ٸ֣Ȼָһץа׹ǻ飬ٸֱ֣ӳҶȵǰ˫ְǵͷ
ŹǣŹǣ۲ʶ̩ɽٲİ
ȻǵѡҪԼѡ𣬾ʲô·û˿ǣԼѡֶΪУΪУΪһӣֻĨɱЩв
ಣ
˫ֱӴ߶򣬼ٵֲʧҶ˫ƣҶȵƣϵͷš
̫ˣ˼ʮϴڵʵѾҪﵽһ۷壡
ҶڣڱڣѪȼյĸоա½𵤸ӵļ̣ôҪĲѵõڲ
žžž
ƵĶӶ˫ƣϵðһƽһƣ֮ϣȻֻıըѹ
ֶ죬ΪʲôССһţȻҼȫ£ʮй޷飬Ϊʲôѵ򣬱ЩһţҪǿ󣿡
ԼһδιȻĨɱһУ޷磬벻̫ͨ
ǣ
߿գ
ʮ٣ˣֻдݵҶȣʮָȻֱֶȥƵɱӣȥҵĵɣ㣬
Ҷϵ
̫ˣɱ֣ھһˣ
ڣŵһ޷ĵӣͻȻ춯صĻһ˽һˡ


1602 Ķǵһս
Сӣô
ٿȻͣ¹תͼҶѾƯǰ߿գǰĴݣ·԰񣬶˵һϡƽ¡
˭ϸԪӲдԪ֮ڼԪ֮ռ˰Ԫ֮ã𣿲㲻Ԫ㶼ô
ԶѹҶȷЦ
Ǿɣ
ͻȻΪһϵɹ⣬ֱҶײȥ
Ŀռ䣬ȫ顣
ȥ޽֮һսɣھɽ磬ʵҪܵӰ죬ٶȿҪϣ
ɹռ䣬ҶХһ̷񷡣

ոȥҶڵĿռ䣬Ȼݺݵһۣ߶ٶȣ׷ɱȥ
ʦܡʦã֮Σͽˣ磬ᣬҼУĪҪܵӰ죬ҲΪǵȰҲΪҶǰĴڣ
ξȻĮȻӷһʧ
޽֮أ
µĴ棬ʱѹĦͬ׹ʯ
Сӣӣ
󷽻֮Уһֱɷ׷ɱ֣Ȼٶȷ棬޷Ҷȡ
޽֮أҶѡһƬ籩޴ʱգѶС
ʵ΢΢ǿһЩԸͷȫûѹϢôֻôǧͼնɱˡҲãҪһǷֵܵ
籩ʱգҶٿȻת
һָ̣̲ƵģҶץ
ಣ
߶ԪҶȱʧָ֮£ڶֳʱҶҲһԵգЦҶȽһǵһ֣㣬ұ࣬ͻƶ٣
ٴδ߶ƣĹɹ⣬ʼСӣǲ֪ߵغ񣬶㣬˵ܶɹܶɹģ㲻֪жˣ֮£֮Ҫʱĳȥѹ⣬ˣҲҪˣ˵һжû壡
˭һȻעҪġ
ҶȻػ֣гһ޽
Ѱ·
ಣ
һδ߶ɹ⣬Ҷײȥ

һΣҶȲδܣһɹ⣬ײһ޽ڹɹ֮ϣ޽ƾеγɶ֮ơ
ܡʵô֮ǰǿôࣿﵽҵĸ߶ȣסˣһУҶȾȻסˡ
˵ҶʵѾﵽĸ߶ȡ
㲻װɣǹͷҪطâ֣һʵĿ˵ļһǶ
һʧҶȳԱߣֳ޽ݵЦ
ԭǰ㣬һֱڰϻúãȫնɱԪһδͬ߶ȵǿߣ֣նɱ㣬ҲԣݺԪ
Ȼʵ£ֲǽֻһͷǾҪնɱҶȣκֶΡ
ʨ֮ì
Ȼ˫ͫһɳһɫϵĳì
ǺǣǾ̫ҵƢˣ֮ǹҶȵһӣ޽ʧгֺڰɫ֮ǹ
ͻͻͻ
գۣһɫìȻƵģҶȴ
ÿһì̳ҶΧĿռ䣬㲻ϵ飬ʨ֮ì޼᲻ݣһһƷ

Ҷȴ߶֮Ӷ֮ǹڶԷ֮£ɨǰ೤ìӰʨ֮ìʼ໥
û뵽ʦܵʵﵽָ߶ȡֲʦʦԸ
ξ֮Уֳ̾ͱǰɱĳ𺳣꣬Ȼﵽָ߶ȡҵĲ࣬ʱ䣬ͺ޲ˣ
䡭
Ѹ֮䣬ɫʨ֮ìȻ֮ǹ룬Ҷȱһ֮ǹʨ֮ì̶ϡ

ʨ֮ì˳ƣڶĿ£һǹҶȵţٶѾ޷ҶȷӦһɽѹȶ
ͣ
ʨ֮ìǴҶȵš
ǹһĻˣʨ֮ìҶȵţȻû˿Ѫ۶δ飬ΪŴһڶУʨ֮ìպôںڶ֮Уκơƻƺ˺ڶ֮С
ͣ
ͬһ̣ڶв˼֮ʣҶȵһ裬޽պôӺ󷽣նڶ󱳣Ѫ˲ŷ
ಣ
ûҶһسһ
񣬶ҶȣŹܡ㾹ȻҲƳ˱ңıȻ԰ҵĹȫתƣһʱ֮У
ҶصЦǰ񡭡һ۾Ϳӵ˱ԣ㲻ɱңҪɱŲ㣬ھͷԸ⳼ֶ죡
˵ΡӵбѵûУ
˵꣬еʨ֮ì𽥵ػΪһɫʨ˫һηʨͷıҲ𽥵ͷųһµʨ
ҶȾһȻʵһֱиҪ㣬壬Ӧʲôϵɣͨͣ幦ɣ
ϸԪɱһֶѣٺ٣˼򵥰ˣ
һʨĶΧΪɫ
Ȼûϵɱ㣬Ӳգ۾
䡭
Ҷȸո˵꣬Ķͬʨһ±ߣʧˡ
ͣ
ֻ˲Ϣһֻ޴ɫֱۣҶ˲䣬˺˿ռ䣬צպҶȵš
ѪۣҶȵؿڡ
ðɫʨףһαߣ̵ͷҶˣʱݺݵײҶȼͷ
ۣ
Ҷֱӱײɣ³һѪ
ҵıȻֻһƷں֮ǿıȳСӣҵʵܿģ
һαߣɱҶȡ
Ȼ߶ʵĶ֡Ҳбúÿɣ
ҶͻȻֹɱˡ
ǿµķצצʱҶȾȻǳ͸ϢͲˡ
ţ
ٶȲٶȣͨͨӣΧɻ㵣ҶȣҲ޷ӦҶȵĴڣƺҶȾȻһ֡
龪һ
ξ˲ͷ麹Ҷˣ֣ȴˣɽһĿռ䷨ǧͼΪ̫ˣϢ˭˵ʦܣ
ҹ޾򣡡
ˣ߶򣬿ռ俪ʼﵽңԶռڣһжף𾪵ķ֣ûҶȵϢ
˵㣬ʮҲҵҵĴڣҾңҾͲţһֱ˵ͷ򣡡
Ҷ޴ڣѰţϧȻҲ
ҵ뿪򡭡Ϣض֡
ţҶ룬Ȼһͳռ֮գ󷽵֡

ȫʧȥ侲ֻɱҶһͷҶȣ̾Ͳռ䣬ֱӷɳһƣҶȡ
ҶֻΪǿղӰʧϢ
ȻҶʧĿռ䣬ڴʱҶı޵֣һ̳
ƺҲӦˣæһǱ޽ۡ


1603 һȭɱ
ͣ
޽ڶֱϣȻһѪڣ

ҽһҶ˫ֿʼΧռ䣬Ϲҹѿռ˺÷顣
ʦǴ֮ǰʦܳΪԼˣһϷأ
ξ˿ͫУͣҪնɱҪǿ뱾ںϣ쳣Ҫ֣ǱţֻǿնɱҪôֻʦܱȻ⵹⣡
Сӣҳ
ߵͶչ˺һУ뱾ں֮ƻױȣֲãš
޽֮죬֣Ǵ߶޷ѹơ
˾ͺãҾҪһǼҶԶûȥܶ
ΣգûĶ١
Ҷδںϣһ߶̫пܱѹҪѶƵӷز
ƣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȵ˫֣һյؿʼȼյơ

ڶΧ˾ŵҶȵĿܷ
ǿܣСӣԸΣ𣡡ãҶȿܣʧȥ侲뵽ԼΪϸԪİ񣬾Ȼ죬òһСӣԷˣ
εȵĳ裿
һ£ŭգӶµƻſֱܷײϵعܷ
ܷȻǶĶ֣һ棬ˣ֮һεʼŶ
˭ʦֶ֣ǼΪµġ֮ǰ鹫ӶǴͣʦĿǰʵӦû鹫ӵĶ֣
ξڴĺϷϵݡ
ֿһȴҶȵģ˵ϷˣҲεҡҡͷ겻ѣİ񣬿ͷҶɱȥϧ̫ΪǣΪ̫أʼգ޷Ϊͷԭ
޽
ھŴܷסʱڰҶȣ߶Ԫ񹥻
ͣ
գۣ޽Ϣڶϣеıɫʨסеĸ첲֮ϡ
ϵĽۣԽԽࡣ
ҪεαװҶִ߶޽ϵع
бں޽ѰҶȵıڣܷ
ˡƬ
ҶһץƴСȱ·ƬץסȻһ󷽣һĳƬХһ£޽һͬ

һ޽ɫʨסȻƬ𿪵Ľպײڶ硣
䡭
Ƭֱײ˶磬۴룬籬ը˱ɡ

ƬУ޼᲻ݣǰУҶȴ߶ǧͼһץС
ȻԵδںϣֻײһ£ȻܰѶۣײˡۣǺö
Ҷִ߶ǧͼ׹յۡ
ʲô˾ˣƺδʦںϣδںϣʹﵽȵĸ߶ȣֱ˼飡
ξҲͻأһĻţ׵رҶˡ
޷Ǽ飬Ƭ
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡ɼԶȻ󷭹ʧȥۣƵѰҶȣϧҶȵӰӡ
ʲô
ͻأģҶȾȻ棬ǰ߳Ҷȵ֣Ŷʧȥۡ
ۣȻڻȻ
ҵۣ˫Ѫ죬̱ߣ̤գұۺݺݵſҶȾһץ
¡
Ƭ޽֮صգֻҲһ޴ȫ顣

Ҷҷգۣ󣺡Ҫȥ𣿲ܣۿţ
Ҫ
˲ɱȥҶʱʧˣһϵİ
ۡһѪɫһβ԰ףҶȻ˵ǧС
ס֣ס֣ס֣
һεرҶȣΪʹ࣬ңĵģУԴܵ޴Ĵ
ôܷŹ˵ĴأĩգҲ˵ģҶһδۣ𽥻Ϊ˸ʬ
Сʦܣһħξ֪Ҷ֪ĵ
ʱڵˣ׽նɱɣͻһ٣ѾһЩ
Ҷȴ߶ǧͼʧնĵֲ٣ȻұۣΪ˽ɫ
䣡
Ҷʧգϵع
ͻ
ٿȻһֻȭĺ󷽣š
㷢񣬶ʵϾǿ˹Ӧˣ߶ɫʨγɷ
ǣȭײ棬ʨٿȻ飬ʾΪεʨ֮ì۵һȭ˶š
Ȼȭǰָſʱ¶һࡣ
û뵽ҶܶɹԪĻ𣬶ԪȴëͷСӵϡ
Լ࣬ŭδɢȴ侲Ϊȫ޷߶ѱһӴˡ
̹Ԫ֮ǸϧˣܾģļԪͲ³һУҵģԪļ䡭һһжҵģ
Ҷǰžµİ֮䣬ͰѶ࣬ץˣȻѶˣ֮С
ʦܣֶͨΣ
ξֳ֮ҶȣЦݣڣֶδļϣʦڴûа׷ѣ
ʦ㣬ʦܻĺԶնɱѾ˾ʦԳСһǶĴ䣬ԴǸոսĵֶһݵ̣
Ҷ̯һö䣬ξ
ʦѾ֪˽Ѿ뿪ȥʦܣҪһʱܳ޽֮أǵĵӻأǻȥɣ
ξͷ
ಣ
˵һ㲻Ӱ
ֵ
ʢִ֮Ӿɽ磬ѡϽ磬ʼУȻʼɽţС
ռ䡣
ʦܣû뵽նɱһ˰ɣ
ҶȸոջصֹԫġĴӣʱʺ̾һƾˡ
ҶȿˣһůоࣺдʦһҲоգ
ǼˣҲøŬϢʦűǶʵѾԽˣ
ֹԫ̾д࣬ȻˣҶ죬֮󣬼˲뿪
ҶȰһЩָࡢ棬ȻʼչϢ붫һսҲࡣ
ʱգڸ˻ңʱ̶ǿߣŶԸǿã
ҶȰѶʬ壬úõطӡҲһݵ̣Աʱ֮衣
Ȼָ֮󣬱ʱ뿪ֵȥ̫Ҵ½úоƬںϡ
Ҷȴʱŵ֮ڣƯƬ


1604 صĹ
ֵϢһ£
Ҷ򼸴Ӹ̸̫֮Ҵ½

ôǧͼص̫Ҵ½һҪˣȻǻġ
ͻư񡭡Ȼһˣ
ʥ·֮Уһ֮УҶͼĸպͣУϷ
ʱĻģᣬʮ꣬һŮһ㣬ɫ͸죬ǱϵƮݹ˫
ڴѳɹ̤񡭡һЦĮУǶһڼŮĽᡣ
ֶԪаʡǵأҶȵͷ߳ΧһҶĪȻ˶С
룬ӵͷųԡ
ӦֶԪаʣҲҪϽʯиԴһжֻʱ⣬ĿҪЩͭƻ״۵ȶ١һǿߣ󲿷ֶڿʼ֮Уʮ٣ֻҪʱ䣬ǾܳɳʵԽԽǿ󣡡
ҵĺ塢ףǵΪͻٶȣǲǺܾˣ
ǲһһжں̣ɣ󲿷ˣ̤٣һ֣̤٣ֻ̫ǾܵеٶȣԽԽӿ죡
˵䣬˾֮ϵķ档
Χûзˣǳֲڲϸֲ磬᳤ӵɭ֡
Ԩڼ֮У룬ϵ޽֮Դṩ̫Ҵ½
͸ӦҶȵһͷͨҶĽͿˡɲŮ¹ù֮УвٵС
񣬶Ҷȴǵ
ģͻưΪѰҵһʺͨ
ع磬Ҷģ̯ģһָٿȻüģƣ񾳽磬պУ

ĸܵģԺ֮ʱɽ磬˶֮͵ھ֮С
ӿУ½¼־ֶ¼һ̣ʱʱ̶̿пܷ£
ҶһŻģʩչ䣬Է硣
̳Ҷ̸纺һ
纺Ư֮УҶߣɰؿҶȣ֮ͫУ·ŵĺˮ
纣㿴Σ
֮䣬纺ǰ
ܹϵӵԣƷʻҪߣ㿴Щ·ѪԪµģ飬·Ȼ˲˼
纺һƳƬ̾ͱסˣţظһڷǳԪ֮ǰĹҲ޷ٵļԪ֮𣬶Ƭ˵رԣƷʺܵӰ죬ȷһ
ϧҵļδȫָһָ˵֪ϾּӦü٣纺ҡҡͷ
ҴںֻеһСƬŻƬһֱҶûʲôҪķʹãǧͼΪҵıɣ
ҶץסƬʮڴʵǵģµĽչ𣿡
ҳٲֵģںϣһͬ룡纺ż
Ǻãһʱ䡭
̳֮ϣ߶̫һȻʼסصƬ
ˡ
ոսӴ̫һصƬȻؿʼ̫һ΢΢𶯣̫һ
̫һԽֹϵԸӦû뵽̫һγɸӦ
ңҶȸо̫һٶȣϼӿ죬ԽˮȻԽԽ졣
ֿ죬ȻҶǰʲôһδںϷ˵ѾǼˡ
ͣ
ָһָһξѪȻ֮ϡ
ѪƬϣʼ̲ģȻʼȼգ̫һƬС

ͻȻһӷɿԿռ䣬һ֮󣬻صҶȵǰһŹϵģʼƬ֮ͷţģ·ƬƬ֮⣬γһӡ
׼ȷ˵һ
ͻı仯Ҷȴ֮У纺Ҳò˼飬Ƭ߷ģγɵˣһ޷¡ϵʥ
纺ҶԱߣı𣬾
˾޴Ƭֻһ㣬ܶƬɢˡҶȱγɵţȻ󣬾ѪƬں֮Ƭ磬Ҷȵǰ
ģڷ裬ڲ磬ʣһЩɫʣɫһģģĲϽڣںϣγ·֯ɡ
˵ڲĺ
ģϧģƯһظţ̫һ԰Ѵģϵ̫һ̫һĿʼγµ·
ⲻͨں̫һ֮ǰγˣںҵľѪֻ֮ǼӿٶȣЩʲôǶģʣЩɫʣƺ̫һҲ΢ϵ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȸо뾫Ѫ̫һں֮ص͸Ƶġ
ֻǣƺҲ
Ҷٴռ䣬ĵĺУƴСڲռ䣬ȻȴǧͼҪ޴ڲһƬԵ磬ΪģռʲôûС
ʲôΪңһĪĹޣŷҪȥ
ں֮󣬸оûʲô⣬ֻǿԴſƬˮкܴƣǿУٲõģǿƿأȡ
һںϣ磬̫˼飬ޱߣоһ硣
뵤
ں֮󣬴߶뵤
һ̣Ƭʱս𵤡½𵤣ȻԶʼתҶƳҪѹŽ𵤣˭֪ս𵤣̫⣬½𵤣޼˻ס
ɲҶȵΰĹޣΰڰԶطƬ֮С
̫⡢޼˻סȻҵĿơ
֮УҶͷ硣
Ҷڣӵ󲻿˼޵̫⡢ڰ޼˻סʮ˿̣ԶصƬ֮С
һĻίʵ𺳣ţ
ҲҶȴ߶ԶظӦƬ֮УؼҲֹų롣
磬ҶȾͿֻս𵤡½𵤵Ļ档
̫޼˻׽֮󣬿ʼںϲص֮УȻһЩ֮Уʼӵ̫޼˻׵ϢԴԴϵںϡ
ں֮ЩƵģȻʼһ֡
·޵̫⡢ڰ޼˻ףΪṩ
˵һҶ𺳵ʵǾԼõƬ߶ȣȻԽΰޣԼĺڰ


1605 ˵䣬
ΰޣ
ΰĺڰ
Ҷţվ۷ϵ󣬶ǵȻõƬϿɣ˵ʲô
ԴҶҲ޷ս𵤡½ڣ̾Ҳ޷شҶ⡣
ںϽһҲָòˣ뿪䣬ռ䡣
ˣ
ƲŶ̶ʱ䣬ȴԣ֮УپͻأֳҶʩ
ģ̫Ҵ½ӵôܣҪһԼǿΪ̣ڤ򣬴Ӵ˾֮УɿأҶģתһŰɫ塣
֪ڤͷ
ߣЩִߣӴΪػڤɡ
һڣɳʮִߣмǿߣǾԭҲУȫǰѹնɱ
ʩչ׿ʮǿߣһӡҶȵ͸ÿһǿߵԺǿעһ֣˴߶ڤ򣬻Կ̫ƻ׷ħȵǿߡ
ʱŰѻڤʮܣ֮УپҲֻ֪ܡ
ʥ֮У
ֶһˣӷ·ʥǣ빬Ҷȹ£ˣ
ֶϴΪ죬ʧ̫˻ʱʣкܶƷʺõѡɣ
Ҷһֱ£ϧʱ̫æڲֲֶ֮䣬ʮƷʷǷƯڷֶǰ
ֶϸϸһѡһ
ҶȲںϣúУһ̤ұ㴫һʹ̤񣬳ϳ죡
Ṽڴֶʵʮǿ˻ģ֮£ǿģĿ޷ᲢۣһͻưҲһԱ
Щ£ҶȾ뿪̫Ҵ½صֵ
ֶ죬򣬳ξΪʮӣƵӣѾΪеĿУ޵еĴڣǿԴܰ񣬶Կͷ
ʥ磬Ҳ֪ޣôúεǿˣ磬ʶӦ֪Ŀǰҵʵкܴ࣬޷磬Խ磬ƿ칬ҲĶ֣
ӦֵΪϣҶȻҪʱʱ̱̿ţʱʱ뼸ӽǵʵҲڵ֮Уֹԫ֮Ĳ࣬Ҫ̤
֮УҶȵ˴ǧͼڲʼһںϴǧͼһʱ䣬ҶȾͱ˵ʬ壬š
վɽ۷壬һҪΪˣ޽һ԰
ˡ
һ¹ȥһٷգƯֵ֮⡣
ҶֹͣУһץٷƯ֮УʱҶüͷ΢΢𣺡ԳħٷĳǷ¶ˣ
˲飬ԳħӰֳ˵ˣ죬εȻովˣ˵䣬ҪΪ𣡡
𣿡
ҶͻȻԾ𣬴˭һֱǿߣ֮󣬳ȥͥʲôһڻָʵ
ͻȻðȻʵָǿĳ̶ȣҲԽİʱڵǿߡ
Դڱ䣬նɱĪһֱ֪Ķ½¼ıɽ֣ƶһµʱڵҲóˡˣôҰģҲΪɽİ
̷ɳ󷨣뼸Ӵк֮󣬷ֵȻ߶ǧͼʧ
֮Ҷȴӷ籩ֳ֮ǰһͨĴ½ܴΧδжȻϣŤʱաʱաʱա
ȻһޱǿϢǱ½֮С
Ҷȴ߶һٷ½֮Уһʱ֮ԳħʹӴ½֮УϢƿն
Գħˣ漰ʱǰһ̣εȻʽӦˣʱ׼䣬𣡡
ΪηˣͻأˣҶ侲ǵʵ
εȻ½¼֮󣬻صˣӴ˷һֱڸļз֮У̫ƻ׷ħιҪǣмİҲвȹˣ񲻱ʱû˸淴칬Щ񣬻ɽ֮Уڣ̫ƻ׷ħ棬ŰԿ칬ҲʼӶ칬¸ͷûжԿ޷Կ칬˸𣬾Ǽ
½¼Է˴ĴǺʱģڲϸ֪
˵ĽҲͻȻʱʹ˼İ񣬶һУƷʵﵽһĳ̶ȣȴҲ޷̫ǿˣˣ½̫ƻ׷ħǣӵǿ󣬲ʱڵľͷ
ĪȻﵽ̫ʼָ߶ȣ
²Ҳ²⣬ֻôĲܷ̫ˣԳħش֮󣬻˸
Գħʵ̫ȻҶȵͷ
ԳħֵѾ£üֻһɽ˼󷴿̫ƻ׷ħΪ׵ġΪ׵ġˡԼǰõġ̫ˡԼһ𣬽ġˡ⼸󷴿δ߳ɽ硣ЩȻСԽԽ࣬ϼЩ֮У
̫ˣҶһ
½¼ȥŵķǵϸԪޱصĽ̫飬ɽй̫Ĵ˵֪̫ϼԹͥİ񣬽̫ˣѾĨɱ칬
̫ǰҲվ칬һҲˣҲǷߣЩߣȻһվƵ칬˶ȥ磬ֻƵ칬ҵܣҶȰ˼һ޴ľ
ڵˡ
Գħֵ֪ˣŹԪ֮͵ĹϾͷĴڣɴ̫ۡƻ˵ȵȵĴڣҲ񣬹Ԫİͷ
żȻ
Ҷȵ۳ƹἰɽͷУŹϾҲԽ֪ɽЩͷ
֮Ԫһֱûа̤磬žˣһֱɽû֪Ҳٳ߶ˣϢֻڸ󷴿֮дδɽ紫֮˶֪ˡˣ
ˡ̫ˡˡ̫ƻ׷ħ桢𡢽̫顢𡭡ɽףһ̳֣칬;ĩ·֪̫ǰǲͥ
Ҷɽ練ȻȵľκˣʵЩͻȻȻԳħҰԪԪҪλ˵䣬𣡡
ã
Գħ̴߶Ԫ
ҶһԪ񣬽ԳħԪ֮УȻںϣԪԳħ½֮С


1606 â
½ǽƣÿһƣжٸء
ԳħҲܵѯʣŵԽ½֮С
һɵĽʱգޱȣԿĳǳ԰֣֮ԳħһʱգһǧˣǷ˵
ԳħϢһᣬѴиҶȣȻһƶ
֮УεȻһ۵˲Ϸ·ǼԳħ֮󣬰·
졭
ҶȵһۣͱȻεȻ˶Ƿ˵졣
ϸϸΪ۷壬뷨ֶ࣬ʵѾﵽͨ߶ȣҲֻоԭаͳְ񣬿Գ׽նɱְҲֻ·һ
ֲãԴЭ
ǿߣһУͱƷôʵȻվڰ֮е۷壬Ц¡
ԳħﲻǷˣǴˣû²Ҫ߶
쿴ԳħɫֿøʱͬգǲǷˣӴҪһȣ̣̣̾ҲҪ̣ӵвֻ
ǣĸ죬ҲһԹΣӴҪƿء
εȻֵҺôŵңȻǸҴӴˣǴ˵ĸʱˣԿ칬ǳҲҪ̲
ʵǿ˴𣬻кüԼ䣬ҲҪб뷨Ҳһ淽ʽͷٴζ
ʱεȻɫһ棬һĮλˣмλСȥ
ߣ
켴̴εȻżһͬ뿪󷨡
ɹƣǰУȻƯһӲӵĻʹΧĶѲߣɭϡ
ǰȻһ飬֮С
𡭡Ī֮һԸҰɣⲻ֪ҿһҵѨһὫնɱ
ҶƯԪ󣬿ʮˣһ٣ڿǰļλһȻǰʵﵽԭаٱǾֵزϷһҶȲİӡ
ȥʮֵ꣬绪һİۣΧһƬƮƣϷ֮ϣֱף£ŭ
ԪΨһĴߣ
ǿǿ޷Ӧ
Ҷȷŷͼ̫ʼֶ۰ľͷĸоѾǿ󵽣غһĵز
죬һУĴơ
꣬ոŴָ֮һ̣ǿ򱶲ֹϴߣĵӡļԪмˣĶ֣
ӴҶģܵĳֲĪŶ̶ʱ䣬ʵһһ䣬ʱڵߴڣԪǶþȵġ
ϷһɨļˣֵֵܡֵܣﶼԼֵܣĪҪ
л˹شȻĩλ¡
ֿǿߣ˵ֵܣʽҴˣӴ˾һˣһͬ칬
ӭ
ˣ׷εȻʾ֣Ȼ໥ܣһһʶ
ǵʵѾʮǿˣ̫ƻ׷ħǿߣǸĶ֣βһǣЩͷǣһͻȻ˵ĿһС
ҡҡͷЦʱֲЩڧߣ칬칬ĶУҶҴҪĿģһضȡ칬ɱ칬̳ɱȳΪ๤ĵѣ
ڣһɱ칬õܣһ̫ˡһ˭õܣ˭Ϳȡ칬
һǿ˵
˵ļǣ칬֮Ŀˣɽ磬Ϊнȥܣ
ɱ칬
ˣȲԼ뷨е̰
Щǿߣֱһѣʲô칬ͷĸΪףõ칬ܣģ
ʱҶȸеȵʧ
ǰǿߣһɶһϧǾۼΪʲôɵ壬ȫ˽ȡ칬ˡ
칬һֻᵮڶ칬ǣ칬Ͳʧϵѭ
ʧʧ
ѾҺʧˡܳΪߣȻһȻͷҲΪԼҶȿˣֿ𣬼
λ
ڣͷ۷׷ףǴʴʣ칬·𲻴ڣǲףȻɫһ裺𸴻ûжãȴѾ˽ɽ磬Ҷ֪ȥͥͥϧ۽֣ʱʵδָȻͥ۵Ķ֣йͥ˶֪Ľʹߣ
ͥǣʲôϵһЩ˺ɻ󣬲ףΪδһᵽͥ
ͥǿ۵ʵҲ࣬ʣڰԪڣδƵ칬ҴѵϦ𣿡
⡭
ǿߣʱƿԡ
ֻ֪칬࣬ȴ֪ͥҲһڵ
ʲô
ͥҲ󣿡
仰У޴ľ캧ˡ
칬࣬ͥ󡭡пܾǷĩҶҲž㵣ڶԹͥѾйһ˽⣬Ȼ˽ͥˡ
뿴νһɽݶɽйͥ칬֮䣬Ȼ˭ȡ˭칬󣬰˵칬һͳ֮ͥе£ƫƫͥţֻ˵һ㣬ͥҲӵģԸߴңڹͥʹߵݣλһ֪ͥؽʹ߰ɣ
Ȼ֪ޱȣǿ߶żɵ֮ɫ
𸴻Щ꣬ӦľͷͥҹңϣҼͥԸ칬µɽȻûӦǣйνӴҵʵָҲ˽ʹߵ
˵쳣ĳʹʵһˣֻһʹߡ
ˣʹߣ
Ȼû
ʹߡȻ֪ݣҶŶ䣬֪𰸣ʹߵǿǼʶġ
ؼۣƺƽƽ̫ˡ
˶Ӵ𣬶ڵܣȻˣֻһɹͥʵһΪͥĿܣͥ⻼Ĺ߰ˣҶ˽ܰɣʹߣǴͨߣһһʱ䣬ֻĽʹ߷ʱʱ̿ڰۣͥͬʱҲĴͨߣ

ԭʹߣ治ˣ
˷׷׿ʼꡣ
ʹֻһο벻ֲҲʹ߽֣ˣʹߴǴ𸴻ʱʹҲˡԭֻοֻĿֲܷá̫ǿˣǿĴ˿Կƽʹߵܣ
ܽҶ˵ͬУ𺳡


1607 ̫֮
ҵܣΪߴһͥǿ칬ȻǿڴҾá칬ױҴƵ𣿡
౩¶ͥǿʵҲչ¶
ͷѹһɨÿһǿߡ
⡭ȫû뵽ͥҲ󣬵ƵĽʹߣݺ޵Уȷǵһ
һ񣬴֮ɫһӦ
ţǿߣҲǰĿˣڴ𣬸ӵļɵη
ͥڣӵ󡭡칬ɽ˻ңֵôǿķ죬˭Ҳ޷ƿأҶƽ
ڣҴ˵񣬱ǲռ칬̣ô꣬ӶԴͳͳֱʱ죬ķһͬɱ칬
ϷڵƽĿ⣬ƺѾɽδ
Ǵһƻۡ
֮󣬾ۻŽԳħѰ˸ɣ½Ե
Գħʱʲô紵ݶҪһ㱨һԪ޵شԳħͷɳ
ǣˣԳħش֮󣬽ػص½С
ԪɹһƬգصı𣬿ʼںϡ
Ҷȿ½￪ʼɽֽᣬһƬ籩ⳡ籩ֱӲ칬
ĬһᣬҶľ쳴һٷҪľ˽̫ˣ֮ҶȱϢʧȥ
칬̳֮У
ʥڣ̫ʼʮٱǾ˹켤ţмϢǿĳ̶ȣȻ̫ʼҲ£Ĺ칬
һȻŭ̫϶Ȼ̫ˣ칬
ٱǾŵ̫̫ǿˣʸ񣬶칬ܲʣô꣬뽪̫ˣɣ˵ĿռͨˣҲȥ
ֻһֱδ뽪̫ȷУＸ֣ѹҲֻǴ⣡
ֹһ̫飬̫ƻ׷ħЩɫϹͥ
Щȷվɽ۷壬ָļˣ
ʮһˣɫϾ
ֻл̫ʼ뼸һֱûжݣΪǵʵͬĴﵽ۷زԴ𡢽̫飬Ҳ޵еġ
̾ǴߣʣץסϹǾ͸ˣϧϹô꣬һֱںЩֻγ֣һѹǬڶѹۣ
һ̫ʼһǿĹȻ죬⣺֣Щ⣬Լȥ¶ùģǻʲôôҲ֪־Ԫ֮ϴ֮ߣس֣ɽ磬ûԴôϹһδγ֣Դһδεģ
ǰ޷ȥָģңҲûǵǸ⡭
һǿĹ˵λ뽪̫顢ֵģֻǼ˰ˣҲаգٶǣڲ֮أҲлὫѹնɱֻҪͥĴߣ칬Ŀǰѹеķͷջվһģ
Ǻǣرǻ֣
һĹͻȻĻ̫ʼ򣬵˵Ҷֳ֪ΪǺ̵ܶʱ䣬Ϲȴ£ΪΣΪֻߣ˵û˭Ķ֣ǵɽ磬ҲûκεİǻֵĶ֣
ﻰ
̫ʼǫҡҡͷ֮ˣĸϣֳƣһϵǿߣһ޷ģǵ񣬱취ԸЩ
һӦ֮
׷ױʾͬ
ʱҶ޽֮ظ߲ռ䣬ٶȲʮ־ˣԼʱȥǰգֻŮӣƯڰ֮С
ľС㣬ϲ̤٣ѩӣϲ̤٣
ŮӣǶľ뺫ѩӣҶǰ΢Цϵʩ
ľȻһЦ¶ǱݣǿҪϲ㣬̤һ٣ɽ磬ĸ֪ģնɱɷԿ񡭡ֶĵλѾﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣ
СɱȡЦ£Ҷȿɵⲻ
ľת⣬ʵôк£뿪֮ұãȸصүү߱չأ
֪̫˵ҶҲ⣬ֱ
ô֪̫ˣѩǰһʮ־㵣ƺ飬˵Ҷȣ֪Ƶġ
Ҷʼ磺ЩѣǷߣԸոյ֪Ϣ̫˽ϢѾķߡ֪
ûв͸ǽΪʱ䣬̫˲Żᱻɽ֪ľҲúͻأ̫ˡȷҵүүģ֪ʲô
̫˵ܣҲ֪Ŀģֻ֪̫ǰʲô̬ȣϾɽҲܵŵ£һһʱϤ
үү˼Ԫ֣֮Ԫͥ룬޽֮أô꣬ڱչУָԪ֮˺үү˵Ȼȥ磬Ͼ޵ʦϸԪɹ̤磬Ȼݣȥĵ·ܣֻ칬ţ
ľ渵δҶȵ˼磬аϣҲ˵ϣĸȥ磿ˣ˹ǵӢǰŻڣ칬ΪĻȥ磬еĿ̫꣬үүҲһġǰɽ紦칬ƿ֮£ųͷ֮¼ľͷ߳칬ĵһ̫үүһЩͷΪľƷ칬ΪԼҲΪɽˣȥ磡
һУǽ޹أֻаʸ񣬷칬ѩӲһ䡣
̫ˡΪɽ磿
Ҷһ̾ܵĳӶľ쳣¶ԷҲйӴ½֮УЩ񣬶Ƿߣڿ˵Ƿ칬ʵͷΪȡ칬ΪԼһȥͨˣ˭Ϊɽ磿
֪ĵ뷨ˣ
ڶľ쳵˫ͫ˸⣺Ѿ֪ɱƶǣΪ㣬˰ͷһˣ󲿷ֵģѡͷ˽ģʵĺܺãڶ෴ߣڷʲôҿȷ㣬ҵ̫үүϵΪɽ룬еı仯үүҲ޷ȥֹҵ˼
ס̫ǰ˽ģ֮иңҾף̫ǰʲôֵȥ𾴣С㣬ʲôȻǰǰʱңֶʲôѣϣ̫ǰҲܹ˼һЩҶȷһΪɽ磬һ˽ıȡ
̫үү֪ı֣Ҳοͷİɣ֮䣬ѳΪһˣǲҲҪǣǻҪȥչأȡһմﵽ٣
ľ뺫ѩӣȭǱȥ
ڶ෴ֻд̫ͥˣԾԵţȻ̫ˣֻŽ̫ǰһˣ١Ҹȥ磬ϣͨң̫ͥһ˿֧̫ͥˣܵõ̫ǰ֧֣绢Ҵ磬ף뽪̫ǰԹͥҶ룬ƿնȥ


1608 ֵӪ
ʮУҶȲδ߶ǧͼٶȣѴﵽĸ߶ȣϵؽӽͥڵʱա
ڴʱͥǿߣ·֪ҪǿʱӭҶȣ괨ҪǿߣҲѾ߳ʱա
磡
գ֮䣬ҶȾͷɹ籩㣬뽣ӵһ
ĵܣʱͥ񶯵ʱ£ͻϮ칬أóɹ
Ҷȣ·ӻҪҶȷ̴ҶȽͥܲͥҶȣҶȼ򣺡ܣ֪ͨǣһ̹Ǿ͸ˣ
磬ҸոջϤֵ̫ˣ̫ˣһô꣬綼һڹ¶ط칬ҵ˼ϣͬԹͥĽ̫ǰҶȼȵذ
Ҳ
ȴδеĸˣӵİ½¼֮˭˻ţֵܣ粻һҧʮ¾Ǿ̫ӣǶͥλֵܵĸ𣬽̫Ҳ˽ȷʵɿ̫˻ǿߣÿ˶һ뷨
˵ļǡ
һͬҲҶǷȼյ뷨
½¼һӣԼ˭Ҳţ칬ƣ˭֪ʲôơ
ʱδ죬һ죬һ뽪̫ǰϵԹͥҲԹͥǺȻףٴҶȼ򣬿˰ԪĽ۴ӼʶļƣҪԽҶࡣ
ಣ
Ȼ
֮괨ʹųơնˣ֮УֵΧһ𵱼£һƬЦ
һ֮һߺȾƣһ죬նͿҶȣֵܣֵոս㻹ܳ
Ҷȿ˵ֵӰбǰȥ£ҲԲ˺ùӣʲô£һǻ̸ϻȥֶ۰£ѳɹѴǧͼΪȥκεط˲Ϣ͵ˣ
ɽ磬ûϴĶˣЦǺ˵
ҴܴͥڣܴˣĵֵܣγɵӪҲκεķֻʵҪ΢΢ܡܶҪȡʱ䣬̤һ칬⣡˵
칬
ƵϣָɭɭЦݣ½̫ʼˡֻߣȻޱȣ֮еڣǲնɱ˽һĸ󻼣ʵٽһ֣ڣֻҲûã
Ʊͬ¾ƱϴһȴδԻ̫ʼ˺ȷǿҵһ̫ƻҲ׵濹סֻ˵̫ʼǿ˹ֻߣּ칬õıӻˮܣҪնɱ̫ʼֻнڵʵ̫ʼһĲ࣬ǣ̫ƻ׷ħ桢̫ʼһξ룡
ٺ٣κβ˻̫ʼҪѹڵңҲˡƸЦݣĿ񽫣Ѿǵ̫꣬ʼɵۣʵԽǿԽӽͨ˼顣
ֿҶȣĵܣԣкʱԿʼݣеķߣںϴǧͼ㣬κ㣬ǰֹ㣬Ϊ㻹δﵽȴԽ˴
ãȻ綼ôΪ͵ȴһᡭ
Ҷһɽ磬ܣһƾΪٵķߣۼ˱֮Ĵ˹߾˭ӵӰ
λֵá
Ȼ䣬ɫʱ̶ڶԸ칬ͥһֱҲҪ칬һδϴնɱâ벼ӼֻСһ׮
ͥкμƻһ׷׿£
ϴ̫ƻżͻϮ˰ɽ칬̳ϧûջ̳Ҿһֱֵ飬ǲҲûͻϮɽ칬̳ǹѺķߣƵ̳Ʊֻһ֣籩ǰ뷨ֻȥȴܸ֮жڿˣ칬񸹱ܵУǴչֵʱ򣡡
ն졢ơҶ֣ãƻã
˼ܣϸϸ˵׼ȴҲסͥĹƣɽ粻޽֮أֻҪִ̳칬칬һ죬пˣ
ĸȵĿ⣬֯һն̵ͷƻֵӪҲȻ룡
ǵȻħЦĺϲ£졣
ǵ졮ơֻҪСơֱǰƵ칬ָտɴϸƻǺú
ʼóһ渡һ칬һѩɽ꣬ɼͥɽ칬̳

֮
һϢؽɽ磬ܵѹȣǷеٶȣ˲ϢܴԽһƬǿա
ֻһ㹦򣬼ǿߣһžʥıʱգʱƯһ˾ηѩɽ
Ȼͥжˣȫϴ磬缸֮£칬
֣ÿ˶ϢǸıòֻнҶȣͥ䣬նƣܱ¶
ˣʼѩɽ֮ϵ칬̳칬ÿһɽ칬̳һԽӽĳ࣬ͨ칬ƶɵĳӲȣȻ˰ܸߵĵزûֵܰæһˣ޷칬̳ҲΪô꣬ɽ磬칬ԭ򣡡
ɱһɽ칬̳ҲоǿĲ˼飬һӡǰҲ޷һΣǲýȥֱӴƻ磬һ˲У˵𣿡ҶһЦĿ֮У͸ޱ
֡ǻ̫ʼһսһ칬Ҳֻл𣡡ּҶȡն졢ȫɵЦݣؿʼ߶
ͬʱն졢ơҶҲͷųﵽϣֹ
ͥԱʼʱա
ȻʼΪһ񽣣
񽣣ܲѩ·ƷҲﵽܸߵĵزһһԱ
񽣣ǽıҲ˵ҲѾ񽣣ƳΪ񽣣Ҳ
ңںϱĵزԽҶȡ
ɽ磬칬ΪУ
Ϊ񽣵Ľ岻ڽ֮ûڵѪǽľǽ
Ҷȸд֣һΣ֪ڹͥľȴҲ𺳵ؿնƣû뵽ʵǿ󡭡٣ʵȴﵽǰ߶ȣҹȷɽһ
ǰΪΣ칬һֱ޷Ըԭ򣬼칬ĹҲ޷мܣնƣҲЩš
ȥ
΢΢һЦȻͻΪһϢĽѿռͨ뽣ںһͬԪǰͷҲ޷ӦĴڡ
˽һ
ŽɳҶն졢ƣҲʱ׼ţοǺûᣬȻˣҪ칬һصĴ


1609 ɱִ
ǺɽգʱʱƮѩ
ˣ

ˣƽ֮У칬صĽʱա
ǽ磬ʲôﵽ˽һĽ׵ش͸޷赲Ĵ͸ִ칬ΧѲߣδǿпɽ磬ζ벻ʱʵﵽǿߣڸǡ
ƣһ֣ȥ棬ȥ棬潻ֵܡ
ʱ֮⣬նָʱڵգţơҶȱż֣ͥʱ֮Уնȥ
칬ңҪսϵ࣬Ҫõʲôɽ綼һˣӲ㣬ҲκΣɽδڽ£ֵ֮ܣһ̳
칬̳ϿգƮŶëѩƬϷƽǽͫǷĽȻһΪɳ񽣽
ٿ
ںն졢ơҶԼĽ׵и칬̳ϵĽ磬ΧִߣȻδӦΪ̫и磬޶

磬ƴͷŰ֮⣬칬֮ϣײʱա
á
칬ڣһЩǿִߣʶΣշ
ǣ飬Ϊʼݺᣬ̵ֻ칬Ȼ񽣽ʼи¡ըϵرը칬ڲʱգʼ飬ִ߱
һӳ
칬𣡡
֮˽Աߣ˫ֲϵѽѹȥ칬̳𽥵һΪ
ͥ죬һطɱ
ӳִߣΧִߣǧˣǴŵսľʼΧ򽣣Ҫ
ɱִߣ
ͥĸִ֣£Ӳͬɱ
꣡
£Խɽ編ݺն졢ơҶͷţһƬִߡ
κִߣ˲ϢͻΪ˳
գִۣͥ£ΧɱΪִ֮ߡ
¡
ͻȻѩɽ֮ϵ칬ȫиˣһ˺飬һЩǿĶִߣҲʮ칬׷׵شӿռɱ

ЩѣȻ칬ˣ֮ǰ̫ƻҲδѰɽ칬̳飬ˡ
ȻҲն졢ơҶȡ
磬úϢһᣬĽǡ
նһɹǿÿһΣնɱһƬִߣָƴƣȥӪȷߣֵٽ칬̳ȡıΧնɱִߣ
ã
Ҷȣʧȥ
𣿺ٺ٣Ȼɽ磬칬֮УȻı
ҶѾ칬̳룬ʱգȻģɼ칬ߣжôߵͨ
ͻȻҶȸո̤칬һٵִߣƺ룬֪ҪͻȻɱӣ
䡭
ǣ֣ոײҶ֮ϣͱҶָһץ˲һ߸ʬȻΧ֪һٶִ֮Уɣ֣пܶԸңһնɱһϣҲûУ
ͨڶطɱ칬ǿߣϾҪ֧ԮҪκԴ
仰ȻãңذִߣҲҶȵݣһʱ䣬һٶ٣ȻӶѩ׵ɵȻɱ
һȺϣȺԶԸģһɽ磬ɱ˲ִߣһ·ɣ
ҶȲмһˣδ߶ץסһһһִ߱㱻նɱɽ磬ҶȶҪܵѹȣҶȵͨѾɽ֮ϡ
ԣնɱͬܵѹȵִߣ˵̫ˡ
ͣ
ԴִߣҶȸû˿ͬģЩ˲֪ζԸߣԸ˵ģһӳһִߵ¡
ħӣӣ̫ǿˣǲܾװ׵
ʣ¼ʮִߣҶȵǿѪ飬ŵûִߵĽ׷׿ʼߡ
˵ˣһҲӲˡ˫㣡
ͨ޷ʩչǴ˫㣬ҶԴ֮ͨ䣬칬̳ζ
Ҷȣһͬǣ֮УʯؼһЩƯڿռ֮С
һˣ칬ô꣬ȻӶᵽ˾˵ĲƸ
߶ͨ򲨼ռ䣬ȻһޣſѪڣʼ
ġ
칬һԣѩɽɽ֮Уһ㳡㳡֮УȻһ޴ĵؿӷӡڷӡ֮ϡ
һħɭɭĺˣ˫֣ѹʮִߡ
ִŵѾֻܷǰħӣͬ˶ǣҪǶͳͳԵ
ڲſʼģˣ֮ǰǴ򿪷ӡͷŷߣǲǶͳΪҵʳɣ
ħͻȻһЦ¶ɺĴ죬ֱһͰһִߣ⣬سԵˣزϴƳԵĽζͰִ߳˾⡣
Ҳʣ
ӡʲôƣ
ƶӷӡһ̤ӡȻ飬ȫǳƵĶ֣ţԾ֮¡
ɱɱɱ
һЩƸոջĥ˵ִߣǧ֮࣬Ԩͻͻͻɱħ
һȺ߹ҵʳﻹٺ٣ǵĳүүˣ
ħ𵱿գſѪ죬ֱӿʼһִߣִߣһһ
ʼɱڵִߣΪӣ׷ӴܣħһûһִߣӹԵ³
ϴ˵Ĳ칬Ķħģ˶ԴЩˡ
Եִߣӳ̾ߣһЩˣ˾綾ĥǱиڵϣʹҿʼеˣĶԵֻʣѪǡ
Ȼһϴ˵Ĳ
ƿգһŴ̰룬ȻΧžļΣһˣߣͱֶΣŵûƲǣ߶һķһɨ
ķӡǵȫ飬칬̳ѱͥƻִ߱նɱǲ룬칬Ԯһӳȥ㲻ˣ
л
Żӿ
գ
Ȼüͷɽ磺칬֧Ԯôˣ
Ʈѩ񷣬һƬжִߵ칬Ӱѹѹڸʱ񷡣
磬Ǹֵͥǳˣ˿ԲüɵȴЩԮ̫࣬ǿϢʱ칬ԮҪɽ磬նһԱߡ
ֵѵļʱ
תһϵʼϯͥԱٳ룡
Ȼִɱ֣ͥˣʼĳ룬Цǣʣµִߣȥ׷ɱ
һˣҲ֮ӳǱسʱա
칬ıв١ĵܻѰҡ칬̳޼ɵЦҪΪЩӳˣֵͥȡʱ䣬Ҫ칬Ԯչɱ
ƻ֮УԤϵ칬Ԯǵ̳֧ԮȻĽɫնݵվһԣһͬա


1610 ֵ
ͻͻͻ
ʱ֮ϵ񷣬ѹѹ칬ۣѹ񷣬ϵؽ١
ʱΧɢյӰŵƴӳʱ֮С
ȻˡҾȸһ񣡡
ն컺߳ں󷽵ͷ
һն˫ϵγɿµУȻնץУƳһ˦

Уֱ񷣬ٶµ칬ִߣݺȥ
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻ䣬һֻ֣֮ϣУҪִӪʱǡôأѹС

·գնбѹ飬Ҳ˺˫ĿһݣЩЦ񣡰ͷȻ½ˣ
֪˭ˡܣ
նԱߣǿһЩִߣһĽ̴ִͷ­ſ񷣺֮ˣǡ˹
˹նһû뵽ˣǴ˹Ҳδ뵽һ죬˹
˹ȻڣͶ칬ɽ磬Ĵ档
ಣ
ӰֶҶħһɫأҶȵд˹֮ǰֵ죬ˡȻѳΪ칬
ˣ졭˹칬ҪսֵˣҪִ֣ߣڡ
նŵǿⲻǵı⣬ֻҪһ㣬˰Ȼ뿪Ҳʧ
֮ǰҪ칬޴ʧħɲƲ磬һɨִߣѾɱ
Ǻôĵӣ
ڣִ˸߿գͷߣ˹칬ۣ΢΢ضﶯš
ɱŭһŭˡ
ɱ䲻⡭
ħɭɭһƳն졢ҶȣȻΪħӰͷεħ߿ϯȥվħ֮ϣ޵С

һӣ뼸ִߣһͬħ߶ʥʼħ
ͻͻͻ
ħʥʼԿײһʱػһгΪš
ֵգضִߣ޽֮أ칬նɱˣˣɱ

ִߣսϵʿ֮ȫ˳Ӷѩɵһ˶Ƕ٣е߶칬ʥӡ
磬룬Щ˽ңһӦȫ뿪Ҳ̳룡
ҶͻȻ
һˣִߣңĽ𾴵Ĵ˹
ȻͲˣūɱ
ڣҶҪͷһһᣬûб꣬Ҷȵߣ˫΢΢һֱֳۣ͸һаľ綾Ϣ
ˣ
ūҶȹִ֮ߣһаȻԼӶ˱ۣɱȥ
綾綾
һЩִߣūľ綾ͷֲͨľ綾ԣƤ֮аɡһִߣ˲ϢΪľͷƵģŵūɱһʼȻ顣
ڰ׾
ִߣȻɱҶͻȻĺڰµϢȻһЩͬɽ硢ףʼƬִߣȼգִߣף̾ͱϯȫΪ

˹ɫƺû뵽һȭ֮У¶һִͨǱӳ
ԭѹҶ˵ģڣҶһˣɱǶס
˹Һܺڣڳͷ֮磬ȳ
Ҷȴ߶ףҪӡͨ˹ƿ濹ʱ޷ѹƴ˹
˹ҲҶȣ񰵳޹⣺ϷȷʧˣϷ˵칬õѡ񣡡
˶ƭˡ˹ѲҾǰҲᱻɽҶȻףȼһִߣڿɲ˹潻֡
ūɱ칬ִܶӣȷ޵УаκˣᱻʴΪūܣūʵѾﵽٺܸߵĸ߶ȡ
ƣ
˹ˣָһӣһ޴Ȼ磬һƬִߣҶȵ£˳
˶ӵĲˡ
˫ۣͷŶĿ⣬ӿۣȻơҶȡ
ߣ
Ҷһץסū֮Ȼһħȼյףγһµķ硣
ߣ
ڿۣȻշȥ
ܷŹ׷׷ĺǣҲҪ׷ŭɶȻû³ƣǰ˹̴֮ͷ׽磬ʣ༸ǧִߣ׷ɱȥ
˫ʼɽ׷Ҹϡ
ߵķûʲôˣÿΪǣִߣ
֮УĵӰϵؼٷУ󷽣һƬִߣ׷ɱɽ磬ܵѹȣٶҲ
ָǰԱͷա
ͻͻͻ
һƬִߣϵ׷ʹ
ǾȻ칬̳Щ£佣ݣһͷŵȻӵʲôԵķץסǣҲ칬֮У̧ͷˣ
˹ţֻˣ׷ٶȡ
˹Ŀ⣬ͬãʵңһξ룬նɱǣ

ͻȻٶȼӿһ
ţ
ǰ
ն졢ҶȡƣһƳ˹ںһλãͷų԰Ĺ
ǽǲưոݣ
ٶҲӿ첻٣պ񹥻˹ٶֿʼӿ죬ɫһˣĵдǧͼǶԸǣĵ̣Ȼʱ˦Ǳ޽֮أ
Ӻãȥ޽֮أҲܵѹȣ˶ͬˣٷȥ
䣡
󷽲йٶգ˹һؽƣԽԽ
˿̣Ѿ뿪ɽ磬ɽ硣
ٽ
ۿֻм׾룬ͷŹʱٿȻˣ˫ơ
Сģ
ǽĹ̷ٶȣȻһɹȼյԽɽϯ
ն졢ҶȡҲץסʱ䣬ɹ˰ɽ磬̤ɽ磬ȻܵѹԽԽͬҲҲǲġ
Ȼ
Ѿ׷ǵٶȣˣڲϵؼӿ졣
񷷨򣡡
Ҷȳˣ
ΧһЩգʩչͨһƬƬգʼصѹһ赲ǰ
ͻͻͻ
˹صĿռ֮зУٶһ룬ռѹǲòִܵ߶ǿصռ䣬ȴֻܼ˵βӰһμӿٶȡ
޽֮أ
˳޽֮أ
ոշ޽֮أħʹɱЦЦתͷųֻħ֣Ҫ޽֮صƴȥ
ȥ
նҲһɾƣȥ
Ȼ۳Խﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣžƣһѹȥ
Ҷ֣ʩչ֮޽֮ĿռѹһЩ˵ĹﵽǿЧƣԽ졢˹ѹȥ


1611 ֶ۵Ķ
޽֮ѹ˹Ӿɽ磬ոҪ޽֮ؽʱ˺ƶ׹¡
ΪֻнǸû뵽ʵҲﵽָ߶ȡ
˹ʼϲԵĲ޽֮ؿµĽͷųԼǿ˺Ĳ㹥
߿֮УͷŶĵܣʩչǧͼɣǾȥһٱǾֹɱǽ뿪
ߣ
޷ڶʱ䣬ɱ޽֮أõĻᣬʮʱ䣬㹻뿪

ҶȱΪǳɫ֮䣬һǳâסնƣֱӽգʧȥ
ʮ֮
µĹڱ⣬˹ɱ޽֮أȴڼžգʲôҲûнӰӣ
˵ٶȣΪο˲˼飿㵵Ļķ˸ֻȻһӰҲûС
ҲֻԼˡ
˹ͫ˸һƵ⣬֮ɨգȻһ񣺡ٶȿ죬ϢҲʮ޷Ӧ޷׷ɱ칬طͨڳͷ֮磬ôСɳ˿־Ǳ
½̫٣ڣǷ칬칬̳Ҳڽ£ҡ̳һα˻ǰҲйΣ½磬칬̳¼ȴûпԻ̳칬
֣ȥɽ磬ϸϻ칬½칬ն޷
˹һᣬȻ󵱿շֿȥ
޽֮գ
Ӱ֮УնЦʹ죬칬ԪعδشΡȴҵֵܣĺһ̳
Ǹ붫϶߾϶ͥúúʱ򡭡ħаɭɭЦ
նŵ߾λǰͻ٣̤񣬵꣬ʱɱ칬նɱ񡭡˵ʵ˿Ҳˡ̫ˡˣҵڣҲټô꣬뿪ǰ
ǾǿֵӪ
ˣȻǰڴݱϢϴȻɽ޴Ķɽ磬칬̳Ҳᱻ˹ɱǺú񣬵Щ˶˵
ãʱ䣬ֵپۣ
˵ոͬķȥ
һ֮Ҷȱصֵ°Ļص
ոջصһϲո£ڵĽ硣
ʦ𣡡
Ҷϲֶۣӭ
ֶۿƲǱ𣬶һźϢһЩĳʣΧھ֮뽣ն졢ħһУΪʦеԺ
û뵽ʦô֪ˣֻԼܼİˣȻʦ칬ݣôˣ
˶˵֮жˣô٣ɽ칬̳һܿ칬⣬칬ǿһɽ綼Ҳʱˣǹͥٳ֡
ͥ
֣Ҷȱ̲ס棺ʦ𣬵е֪ͥĽʹߣһοǹͥĻ֮˲ٿţ֮ͥˣλͨߣѵһҲĴڣ
ͥ
ֶۣƺҲ΢΢ЩݣǼΪټģҶȾһμ
ͥȷɲ⡭Ҳ⣿ɵãҶУʵ
Ҷȣǰնɱ˶ʵͿﵽɽ۷֣ΪʦҲЩ·
ֶһ֣ҶͬʱΣ֮˫ͫǳϸԪڣͥһֱ취ɹԪ֮ˣԪҴӴĵ֮УϵӪͥʱΪʦҲδԪ죬ͥ칬Ȼͬĸ߶ȣǲȥͥ
ȥΣҶϸϸҲʵػش
ΪʦоϢڹͥ͵Σգȥ˿ش۶й棬Ϊʦʵڸе⣬شۡۡشۣжǿһ֮µĴڣоͿɱְܾ̤٣Ǵͬһ߶ȡۣţͷԼһЩ񣬶ʹߣݣͬ˽һṇ̀ͥΪĩƵһο
ĩȻ
ǰΪǴ󣬶һΪһ󣬿ƵģΪʦҲӵڵſʹߵɽ磬ܿʹ߱ģֻʮ˰ˣʹ߱зĩ־бͥĴʦ㣬һֱĬĬڰУػֶһģڷĩˣصĺܣΪʦֻżȻţԪ֮й棬񽻷桭
ͥ칬ޱȾ޴ˣֻҪǵĵ̣ǲ׽ģдֹۣĸԶȻɽ붯ʱڣǹͥǲվ칬ֻпķǣȥ칬⣡
ֶĵ˵
ǰҶȷ·һӣĺӣҪ˽̵
ö̵Ŀǣתֲʧѹ˵ͥ칬Ȼ˺Ƥôɽ磬ûκεĹأΪʦԼǿߣ뿴Ľ֣ܶˣƷ칬ڣʹ˵գΪ棿ĸ˽磬˵ã˭˲ȥΪȥ磬Ϥˣпܸıġǣһȫͥǲ칬ģһ;ĩ·һҲպ˵ͥʵʴĺܣɽķˣȥԸ칬Լκʧϴεڣͥʹߣ߹ˣԿǵ˼ιթͥţֻߵˣ
ӶˣҶԵӦ
칬ɽԪȻĵ˶Ƶ칬õܣôףȻḶصĴۣɽʷ֮УҲԶס칬ɽһУʶ֪࣬ΪܳΪ׹ľߣʱȥ֪磬ΪʦҪ˵ľЩĵǣʱҪŴƶߣȥԸ칬ɣţΪʦ֮⣬˵׻ΪЩӣǶɳΪʦţҲǰ㿴أ
ֶվʧ֮ǰش΢ЦƳƳҶȣΪ֮⣬ʧȥ
̤٣ΪʦȥΪʦһŬͨһͨȥ磬ϣҪ칬֮ϡ칬򽻵ˣΪʦδܻˣ
Ӱȥȴ籼ڵĺϯ
ʦ칬˽⡭
Ҷȳ˼һ̴ٷɳֵȻٴϸϸζֶһ
١ھͿʼһ̤٣ɽʵһ棬Ҳҵǰ
ҶʼһɹɵԾڡ


1612 Ԫ
֣̫ͻأ칬
޽֮֮У칬̳֮С
ۼڴ˹ٱǾˣ׷׿̫ʼ
̫ʼһЦһ칬ʲôʧȥһ̳Ϲͨƺܶ࡭ֻû뵽칬ľ棬ԽѸͣǻᣡ
ʬٱǾŭɶĺȵ
ʵȷǿҪ֪ɽ磬ҴδˣĹΨϧʧȥ໥˽Ļᣬ˲ţֲõϹҪ칬ִ˴򽻵Ҫˣ
̫ʼΡΡЦƲãɽһּʯĸоǸ޷׽̫ˣʩչڵõʲôɺϱƿصʹһﵽָ߶ȣ˿ԶԸͿɵϹҲܶԸԡҪȽǱв
˹򼸴Ҳû뵽һƿصڻСʵﵽͨ߶ȣҵǲûᣬһɳ
ҪȫȥѰǡڣҪģҪˡ̫ˡˡͥԼķˣɫԪ칬ʱλҪᣬЩİ񡭡ҲҪϹʱֻ֮ȡȫһͽնɱˣ
̫ʼͻȻ֣ѹסȻʼһµĴı
ͥ

ͥʱ֮УһƬͥڲ֮ϣƯһ
ڣʹߴЦֹΧۣͥءأһ׵ɽ磡
ʹ߿ۣȻЦ⣬Цǰһæ˵ȻΪУҲûôڳΪǶԸ칬һѼ⵶
û뵽Ǵôջ񣡡شΪŮӣƳԽӡ
ءأ̫˽Ӵ뷨ɷʼжۣϾĿ˵꣬ˡ
ش۵ȻҪ罪̫飬һȹԪ֮ϸԪҹͥĺȻڷȥһֱδҹͥ˵ףǰԼͥһӣֻҪԵóʵ⣬̫˽ΪУ
ش۽ŵ̫ǸˣʵҲǿ˹ˣˣҲȥӴһ°ɣ
ۿƴֿ񣬵Ŀʮֵƽϸ壺ϧصĺܣԪδйʣɽ֪ģ֮ˣҪˣף
ʹߣĿأشۿʹߣشۡҲ
̫˾ͿˣˣǸǿߣǸ˰ˣҹͥǰҲԶһӣʱýӴˣȿʲô֣Ŵʱ˶칬УõܰɣֻҪһ㣬㹻칬ˣ
ʹ˵
ңԶʥ磡
һȦǳ֮⣬ֱӷʱգƿʥĽǰ
ǳ֮΢΢ʧҶȵıֶضŽǰҶȴˣ
ಣ
һͨҶ֮󣬲֮ͨС
ɲǣһͷԵĿӰʥʥɽֶҶȱȭСֵܣԼȥ»кܶҪ£
ǰ
֮ҶȻطԿռ䣬ԶԶȥŸ޴ڲϵضԿԿռ䣬ЦԿռ䣬ֻܽ磬ˣ롣
ٿ
ҪԿռ䣬ͻȻԶԿ֮У˸һӰ
ҶȸոոӦһںĶذСβͣȻҶȲϵطȥ
ޣ㶼ôˡ
סСҶȾͿЦҲʮ־ϲΪޱ֮ǰ֮һĺɫƤһЩصĺƣƽûʲôԶԶһĺƣһڶƵĹͼ
ء
޲ͣذСβͣʱʱ̶̿صҶߡ
Ĳ
Ȼһͷ޴Ĳ֪ʲôʱҶȵĺ󷽡
Ҷת֮ʣĲ֮ϣشŹǷҶȣ۾˼£һֱڳ˯֮Уǻȥ˵
ĲҶȽԿռ䡣
Ӧ˰ɣڵʵӦ֪ԿռԷӡʧ֮УޣһæСһǸԻҹҹڳԣԶԲƵģڼ֮УѰãûҵ޵
Խ֮У㲻ͣЪĽΧ仯
Ҳ֪޵ȻҲԺȥ磬Ѱұǣ磬ĿǰʵϣȫĥԷӡ
ڵʵԽͨ񣬶ǰ۷壬໹СҪǰҵĻЧǺܾˣﵽǿ߶ȣЧˣȻǸˣ˵ʱбİ취ĥԣ
һҪŬС
ҶڿռĦһ󣬸ԴȻ뵽ʥһĿģľͳƬ磬Ҿôͷ֪
ƷȻԽ
һۣͱƬ·Ԫ󡭡Ĺ
羹ӱ棬һЩصġ
ϧġһ֪ƽһЩģȴһ
򵥡
̣ҶȰںʱֳģʩչԣһа˾ŷ
Ȼأǰ
˲䣬ͣOһſСסޱ𺳵̾ôܡô
֪ҶȾϲصȴš
ܿ𺳣һ㵣޷ŵҡͷԲܣԲܣܳӲ飬һ
硭һ
ãҶ׼ϲ磬Զʲôһûжĸ𺳵޷˵
ΰΪʲô飡
ɴ㵣ʼ𽥵ز˫¶Сӣǡ˵񵽱Ըδ񵽹ȵı
磬һҶǿҶʵ
Ҳ˵Ĵ˵ң£ⲻʲô裬Ϊγɣǿ󣬲ȥŷģ
ͻȻأ¡
Ȼ⣬ҶȻǹˣ˸ĸǵһι£󣬻һѡ
ô
ҶȺܺ棡
һ֮Ҷվ뾴⣬̾ΪԪ
ԪҶϸϸظ
죬ڵ֮УһĿռ䣬ΰĴ񣬵֮Ϊ˷ϵһԴռ䣬ҲǴ˵еġ硯ȻһУҲֻţ
УҶȵ֪޷ƿصš
ص֮ţҲһ̣Ҷȣ𽥵سտɷȥ磬֪е̺塣


1613 칬ִߵĩ
Ԫ
ǰҶȼ̾񣬵޵棬ʩչͨһ磬죬ӴˣڲĻ壬ǻӴǧУ𽥲ԹĴڣޱȵģֻдﵽߵĴ񣬲ܽ죬Ԫ˵ǴڴһѹʱյԴ󣬳ΪһΪ׷ΰĴ񲽷ڴڣԪԪ𽥵ģԪ磬ϻĴˣ
ССƬ˵Ĵ󹩷
ҶȲΡΡŴԪ£ž⣬ŶףΪλ飿µӦʱ֮УΪǿ
Ҳֻ֪ԪһԪҵ֮󣬱㿪ʼ׷ɱԽԽ٣ҶɹڶԪȻӣǵڶԪĩҵĸĸľҴɽ磬ŸĸµԿռ䣬ֶɹ˵ڶԪԪ֮УֻͨĴڣ֪˶ٸԪٸԪ˰ɣʱδԪĻ𣬴δ紫ԪģԪ֮ǰˣ˿֪ǵﵽ۷ġ񡯣ܽ죬֪ﵽ׷˺¡ȻҲ֪Ϊλ飬Ĵˣˣ˵˥ߣ緢˴£
񡭡ɽİһվ۷壿
ҵĸĸδﵽ񣬴˵ֻӵ񼣣һߵ֮ΰĻ񣬿ϧԽǽ洴Ĳʵĵһ棬Ҳӵһ񼣣ϧЩûͨ޷õ񼣴УԪСӲ֪ǺεȵȻԵõƬںԪδйˣ˴ûӵȻõռƬ˵ԽָҲеףΪں
ںֻˣҵõģѾ࣬ûж
ѴԪúɣҲõ˰ߣ㣬û˿ںȻֻһۣҲϣﵽʱôԪװԿռ飡
˵˿ž⣬ҶȰѴԪպãþҲ޷ƽϢ
ҶҲһֱԪ񣬴ƯڵĴԪ
ԭΰޣһ񡭡һ񼣵֮һǰǿΪҲ䣿ҵõ񼣵ĴУȥ磬ǿҵ񼣣ȥں
սʱǰĲᵽܵõҲ񼣵ĴУֻߡߣʲôֻһִŵĳƺںϵڰΰ޹塢ֻѵЩżȻ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬ҶȽڤ˼״̬
֪ȥڣһֵεðգӵеĳҶЩɡ
żȻõһУڤڤ֮Уһжעģ
·һֻУ˳֮УĲơ
ƺҶڽ˼ά״̬δĲ񣬿˯ˣһֱſҶȵļͷƴǰͨͨ
ˡ
ת˲
ͻȻһҶϢԿռ֮⣬΢΢˸š
ҶĺȻۣƺѾ֪˭磬޻ԣһ뵽һԽƵİ취
˵꣬ҲδӦƯţҶʧȥȻڰСβͣȵʧ
ʥ֮⣡
ʱ֮Уһٷֹͣʥ⣬ƣһֻץסٷҶһֶ
ˣѿʼȫ棬ԾɽԼ޽֮ص칬ʼɨǰһ̣Գ֣Ѿɽ칬̳𣬶ɱ޽֮칬̳Ȼûл̳ȴնɱһжһֱǱ״ֱ̬칬̳²л֪ˣ
ٷ飬Գħ׳Ȼ
̶ʱ䡭ˣȻ䲻㶯˾ɽ칬̳˻ɱһ
Ҷ͵صһںƱ仯ʵЩ޷ţ˺ôǣд˻׷ħǿߣǰ׷ħ棬һӰɽ磬ɽ칬̳ǵˣֱɱ޽֮칬̳ûл̳ȴɱһ칬
ЩҪõ칬սܣҪ칬ӶɽԴɽ칬̳ĲƸԾˣô޽֮ص칬̳һ󡭡
룬Ҷ̴߶ǧͼ
ϵشɽգһҪﵽ칬̳
δҶȴֳ
ɱ
ɽУһٶǱִߣȻβͣϵӴܣ󷽣ǧˣ׷ɱ
Щ׷ɱ֮Уȷз˵Ϣ
Ҷȵǰɱ칬ִߣôĸ߸ϣʱ˿̣ȴ׷ɱѵ칬޷֧Ԯɽ磿Īص㻹޽֮ص칬̳
ʵЩȻ׷ɱִߣ칬Ȼû֧Ԯ⵽˵ʲô
Ȼ칬Ѿ޷˼ɾɽ磬ص޽֮
ЩִҲãɽˣ񷴹ɱеıӦ
ҶȼУܿͿɽʱգ;УּһЩǵɱ뺮ɽʱʱǰģȻһƬɱ
ңҶȻӦϤϢ
ħͳ񡭡ʵǿӦǣħ
˲ϢҶȿɲ뱻ħӦϢħǬкϵҲǬй
ڴ򣬾˹ҲתǬֲ칬û֧ԮȻһЩִڴ߶칬ʥӡ֧ţ
һɨǰԻ͵칬̳ȻΪ˷棬Ϣڰղƣ̫ƻ׷ħϢ칬̳ҲֶΪ
һİ޷׻һ칬̳ġ
˳㣬ѹѺˣӪõ칬ĲƸֵõķ߼롭ΪɽҲǲܣǰ׷ħָȫʢʵѾ̫ʼǿߣվͬĸ߶ȣ
ΧҶȵûиӦεȻԳħϢֳ˺üھ칬̳֮󣬾ѳ˵ء
սǧִߵʬ壬ѻɽʣ¼ˣνĵֿ
սͷϷڸȥ޽֮ص칬̳ˣȻսϾͻϨʤգҲԤʾţ칬ھɽͳȨѾȻ޴档
Ҷ뽣ն졢֮ǰ칬̳˵칬ӴھɽƿȨȫʧΪȥ
Ȼɽ칬̳²ãȫᱻ


1614 Χ޽֮칬̳
Ƭ̹ҶȾ뿪ɽ磬޽֮ء
޽֮زȾɽ磬ǰͷڵ磬ҶСط칬̳ڵʱա
Լ̹
ҶȾ޽֮۷߿գϷһЩɽĽ
ǰ߿֮УһƬʱ˸ս뱬ը
öϤϢ̫ƻĸдϢȻʮ𡭡
δ칬޽֮ص̳ʱգҶȺͲϵʧǿĸӦᴩǰʱգ׽κϢ칬Ǵ˹ٱǾ칬̳֮УԸʮ񣿶ҶֻǴ˻𡭡
׽Ϣ֮ҶȲŻʱա
һṦؾǲϵıը֮һƣʱ֮Ӷϯ
ʩչԪʱɲǣҶȾͼӪԼˣڰΧ칬ִ̳ʬ壬׹ʱµķ֮С
ӪһһǴϢڵĴˣһʮа˾ţǵһɱ˵صĵˡ
ӳͷ֮ӳķߣȻһˣ칬ǽƣ߹Ȼ
ҶȾһɨȻٿ칬̳칬ߴǧɣŹرգˣϹ칬ٱǾ˹칬ڲ칬˿š
߶칬̳ʹ칬̳ﵽ߶ȣԼ̫ƻҲܴ칬̳
ʱ򡭡̫ʼ½֧ԮҲŤתǬҷۼһķҲ̵иķߣϵӿ֣칬뼸ģôͥ칬ʲôʱҲʼǰǺ»ˣ
Ҷȿ棬޽֮칬̳ǳ¡
ͻȻҶɫ쳣ֲô෴뷴߲ֻҪ޽֮칬̳ôǲͿԣֱɱԸڹ칬
뵽һ㣬ҶѾԤϵ²֮󣬱칬ѹưԪˣҪһѷɱ
Ҷʱϼ֤칬̳ϢԽ΢
ԳħεȻһҲˣ̫ˣҿԽԳħԪ󡭡
֮һǧ෴ߣ޽֮ؽʱգӪϣҶ̴ݳһȻһԪ
Ƭ̣ڼٷ֮У뿪ӪԳħϢؿʼںϡ
ˣǻɽ̳֮󣬱ֿȥڻƺҪ뼸ǿߣֹ칬ֳ̳׷ħһְӪΪӦԱ仯
ԳħҶȻ㱨
ҶƯԳħԪ֮УǺ侲ʮ磬ûһѷģɱ칬̳ͻ䣬ⷢҲ֧Ԯɱ
̣Գħʹһ£صӪεȻߣһЩͳͳؽһڡ
Ҷּˣǿ˹̫ƻϷ·ǲĸмʵ㲻
£ﻹ޷칬̳ղţˣе˺Ը칬̳룬ÿУ̫ãԴֵܵģȻиӰ죬Ǿأ
̫ƻˣδͷƣѹˣһͷ
һǿеģֻһ칬̳ԴƸη䣿
ޱȣӦòռˣеˡεȻҲԼɻ
䣬Ȼڽúȶķոʱ칬̳ϵػǰõͥһͿԻɽ칬̳ҲҪģǲҪõԴҲҪҵܣ
̫ƻʼݣϵصĺ뷨
ֱһ죬Ž̫ƻżֱӸˣԳħûʸȥҶ޷ͷ档
ֻܼ
ȥ
̫ƻټеĸԼҪʮˣۼ֮УżЦѾӦ˵ĸҲˬӦ칬̳еĲƸҪƽ䣬ԴҲõģʧֵܣȻǰװѪ֮һ֣ͬ
ã
󣬲ϵֽкá
˿̣ʱ֮ҶȣȻ䣬¶һϲɫ߶ǧͼʧںʱգգۣͳңԶգֻƬ֮䣬ǰգն졢ƾ
ֵܣ
ڸ߿ռ棬ԭֵģƬ̣ҶֱӴ߶ǧͼֻصʱա
ܺ⵹õİ취̫ƻе˵ĸɵۡɫǺ칬̳ص
գҶȰԼ̽õϢ̸ˣϵͷ
նʵ磬ƺԵ˽⣿
̸˽⣬ֻҴӼԪ֮ʼŹ𣬶ҹ֮ͥڣһˣʱӴڹͥἰһʣϧʧ˰Ԫû뵽ðˣɵۣ˶֪̫ƻ֮Ϊľͷʵ쳣ǿֻ̫ƻ΢΢ЩˣԵ˵ʵҲ󣡡ϸϸ͵
ں棬Ϊ̫˲ҶȽʵ
Ҷȣֿն졢ƣ̫ˣһĴܣҹͥӵкܸߵ磬һţ㿴ķ󲿷ֶõ칬Դ
ϴᵽĽ飬̫ͥ˺пܣ
ȻУʱҲˣ칬̳һˣɱʱĿֻ칬̳̫˺ûᣬͥЩܲסģ
ٺ٣̫˺𣿡
аȻЦҴˡڡֵͥܺķһ
Ц˵ļǣʵ뷨ˣǿסģֻԼֵܣһӪ޽֮칬̳ĵܣҲһᣬݣȻɽ磬ټߣϼؽ౦һֱδǣڳͷ֮Ϊϴ½ɽĶһҡ죬ķ߼ģ
ͻͻͻ
Ȼ䣬һɹɿռ伷ѹƣʼ䶯
ֹͣԻʱֻķˣʮˣΧס칬
ˡˡԼ߾ۼӪΧ칬̳Ȼ׷׼һ֮ķӪͬʱʩչµ칬̳ȥ
칬̳ˣ
䣡
Ĺصػ칬̳ɫ칬ҵҡΣڱըδ飬Ϣ˴롣
ڶΡιֿʼˣ
ֱι
䡭
칬̳ڿѣȻ͵رըڲִߣ˲䱻թһȺִߣʧط޽֮۷塣
ˡˣˣҪ
ٱǾͷųȻһִߣ޽֮ظ߿񷡣
ûһȥ׷
ԷǴ˹ٱǾ˭ȥ׷׷Ҳ׷ϣ


1615 Ĺͥ
ţˣӿ칬
޽֮칬̳ôˡ
ʱԶն졢ơҶȻ٣Щڴˣۼ֤칬̳ٴε¡
ʱա
ʮˣ߿ʼ׷ɱʣµĲִߡ
ˣζ˵Ҳÿʼ֣׼ֻ̤аߣܽ룬û̺Եˣ޷ģдͨߣıʱյ࣬͸ı֮еūΪھͨ
ն󣬵һô˵󷴿Ҫһʱᣬ̤ǲˣ칬֮û֧ԮΪ˽ŹȻϣȻ
ƽһЦٺ٣ǾͲõģðİ֪ľв٣жٲ֪ģôҲˣʱȫΧ칬̳Ż̫ʼҲܿôɣټɽ磬Ӧûвٵİɣ
ƱҪȥǰĶ֣ҵģʱ䣬ɽ磬칬̳һĻʧȥƽ⣬ʧȥ˷ôǿߣȻῪʼӶԴɽңһֱĬҶȣһᣬһġ
ֵܣɽı仯ǱȻģԪ֮硢ɽ硢綼ҪܵôȥҲû˿ȥı䣬ЩȻ޷ıģҹͥݷô꣬ɽңҵãǳɽȡ칬ʱ
ٴοˣⳡģǷʤʵ칬뿪ͥĴûᣬ칬ûе£֣ȥԸ칬һܳɹʱ˵ɹ֣ͥ
ȻˣҲУһһͻڵľ磬ﵽеĸ߶ȣȥȥˣǻֻԹߣ
̫ˣ
նһͷ
ȻУȻо޴ʱ䣬Ǿȥĵ̫ܵҴ½ȡͻư񣡡
໥ͷҲһͬӦ
ţҶȾͰԪ񣬴ԳħԺ߶ǧͼ̫Ҵ½
̫Ҵ½̾ͽʼԪĹԴ
ҶҲĴټԼ󣬷׷׶УֻҪκҪԣҶȱ֮УΪǹԡ
ǵһֵ֮ܵУǼˣ̤񣬶Щ˵ȥ
ն졢ƾ֮㹻ԴҶȵľռ䡣
״ν䣬棬޾䣬ǴδйҲףΪҶȵʵڼ꣬ʹﵽ˿ֲ˹ĵز
Ҷóʯ߶ڵ˵ʯϵա⼸ڵ֮
֮
Ҷȼ󲿷򽣡ն졢ƣȻʩչͨľֳķݣ˸һ֡
ÿˣҪ
̫Ҵ½֮ʱ
ɽ磬һ칬Ӱ
ǰٱǾ
ƻʵʩ֮УȫԤ֮нչš
ٱǾϵĸֶ·칬̳ˡ̫ˡȸһͷǻ֪칬ֶεģڹͥűһصɽ칬̳ǶᳰЦ칬ɣ
ӡΪصٷɽ硣
Լ֮칬Ȼ·ɽ磬ٱǾȻ֮У·칬̳ˡ
Ӵˣ칬ʹӾɽȫ롭ⲻʧݷҰģж칬ˣ׷ֳʱһ򾡣
ٱǾתϷɽ磬صЦݣϹǿǷĩܱȼģĵطɽ磬ʧȥƿأʲôȥͨѹɽ磡
ո˵꣬ʧɽ񷡣
ͥ
֮УشۡشۡϷ·Ƕʮǿپͷм
ӡɶС
һǿߣٿȻվʩ񣺡ۣɽ磬ءءء޽֮ص칬̳̻֮µ칬칬ԶȡأŲɽ磬κִߣǿߣʼɱħа̡塢֮УʥɽֶҲ̱
۵ɽϣ칬Ϊʸ֮ģɽʧȥƽ⣬û칬ѹЩͷҲʼˣ֪ж̲жٵǿߣ½ۣ
ۣǵľʲôʵ
ʲôҲشͻȻĪЦ
ʲô
·ˣǹͥϹŶ䲻ǰ񣬵ʵﵽ˰߶ȣ²͸ش۵⡣
ش۽ŵˣҵ˼ǣʲôǱϣҪע칬뷴ĶȻ󡭡ɽңҷǳңɽִߣֱô֮ʣȻҹͥ
״ˣǹͥȥǣǣЩŲ׷ǣһǣҲжԸǵɣ
û칬ҹͥɽΨһߣ칬Щɱһͳɽ磡
ǣʾҹͥʱͬգ뾡취õɽϿɣǣҪͥİ
·ˣش۵⡣
ɲǼ䣬ĸشۣͶء
ɢȥɣ
ش΢΢ֵ
ܿ죬ʮʧڹţһӰ·һ۵Ľʹߡ
ۣͥʹߣ׷ʾ⣬ʵʹߣҹͥǴչͼʱ̣ĩ˿ʲôָʾ
˼ܼ򵥣ɽС£ô꣬ռľԴԼ壬ʼע롮졯ڣǡ졯ָЩɹĿգͲ֮ǾŲգ
ʹ֣¶ͷŷâָͷû֪࣬ǲΪݣûȥİ취Ҫ׼һҪնɱ࣬һ죡
ۣͥʹһĸݣ
ش۵УӦûȥİ취Ԫ칬Ҳץסôūҹϵھ棡
˵磬д󱳾֧֣Ҳˣعõͷɣ˽ƻĪ⣬νߣȻһֻ֣Ҫָɷ棬ǶԽ磬óԪĥʹ࣬ҲᣬɽƿأǶԣʲô壿ǼԪ֮ĩҪһζܼԪĻ𣿡
Ԫ֮Ȼ磬ȴôˣ׵ĶɹԪֻǵ޾ҲԴȥ磬
ʹߵۣȻȻذ˵
ͥԼ󣬵ϾҪȥ۶ЩĬԵͫ޷ضĺ档


1616 
̫Ҵ½
½ѷգ
ͨʿʥ֮У֮£Լľ֮ڣ̫Ҵ½ĺʿڱչ֮С
ɽ磬ӿȴá
ԻΪףˡɲŮ¹ùãڷΧʱ֮У֮С
ʱʱҲŤʱգԤ˽롣
ĿһģǵŮ˫ͫ񣬶ҪĶࡣ
ĳ̤ʵѾˡ
֮У
һнģˡɲŮ¹ùãҶҲĵ֮УҲÿˣԣɾҶ̤˶٣ٻҲ̤١
ĪȻҶˣҲһһ̤һ٣Щ̤ɽţҶȴԴ£ʵ춼ɱ֮С
ϴҪͻưһ򵥣ɼͿˣʵѴﵽΣϧ̫ʼǲԶ
˶þ䣬ץʱУħҶԱߣ˵лǿУΪõĴУҶһųԽ˵ص̡
Ҷó̳Ϸ˺ܾûкúþһ졣
Χ˵Ҷȵ̫ʼȷڶɽʱֻ֮ţҵ컯ȭһֱδֻ̤أƺоһжֻйϵնɱ̫ʼ㡢ңкܴӰ죡
ֻ֮УصĴ֮һ磬ٵõնɱ˻̫ʼõֻٺ٣ȥ磬ܺ绽꣬ϴ飬ĴˣҵδѣһѣҲ޷ֹǵĲ
ħʱûǸаģɫ̫ܰʼ̫ΪǣͶִ֮࣬õҲõֻ壬಻һֱڰУռ𣿺ٺ٣ܴõӵеʣ޷󣡡
д߾ͺ֪ˣǻ취Ʒ𣬶Ը̫ʼʹҪΪС
䡭
ҶȵĻ˵һ֮ʱͻȻһԲʼ
̫ˣҪˣ
˵һʱһȼգĽڷ裬Уʥޱȡ
磬ǳȥɽ٣
Ҷȴ߶ͨһ̴Žƣʧھռ䡣
̫Ҵ½֮Ťʱգ
ҵı𣬴󲿷ֶ񽣣ԲȳˣҪѪȫںϣԣﵽ״̬ô꣬һΣڰںϣӴˣ˽һ
ֶ߳Կ񷣬ѹԣԱ֮γ˿µԻ档
Ȼյĸߴһ͵Ϣ٣ԪĴڣ𽥱ԵĹ⻷ȡ
⻷һ𣬿ʼ
û֮ţֻɽ־
ŵĽܿ뽣ڵԻ溣ںϣ˲䣬Ƥͷʼٻ
ˣ󲿷Ϊ˳ֻʣ¾һѽεĽ𵤣֮Уȼա
ҶȵһΣѱΪ
ûпµ٣ֻ־ϴ񣬲ͬκε٣ľ磬̤˳ˮ۰ˣѰ֮⣬ʣ±ӭ־ϴ
ϴȻʹģΪҽ֮ɵϢֻʣʮ֮һһɵϢôǰ֮У۷Ĵڡ
ʱĽڿʼ㣬ͷųϢҶȶݾ̾û뵽̤ʵֱӳԽ̫񣬴ﵽ̫ƻһĸ߶ȣֻһ㣬ܴﵽ̫ʼĸ߶ȡ
ʵǿ󣬼ϱĹһڻ̫ʼϣҲҪԷˡ
ֵܣǵһ֣Ҳͷ
˿̣壬Ư񽣷ںĽǡѪ֮Уν𵤸Ӽ̡
ͣ
ͻȻ֮ʧˣ
Ϊһ񽣣ʮɶ೤ϱȼա
磬Ҫ˽ںϣһ֮𣡡
Ϊ񽣣ҶȾ⣬Ȼ󵱿մһзӡڷӡԷһΪһֻˣԻ֮УŽϵȼա
ǿҵ֮ʲô֮У㵡
ԷĴ磬˴ڻ֮ٴ֮񽣵ںϣһ
Ҷӵ̫Դãڿˡ
̣Ͱ״̬񽣷룬Ϊһ񽣣һ뽣ͬʱܷȼգһȼգˣֱŽȻ뽣ٴεںһ
ҲصҶȵڣûеõ־ϿɣֻҶȿСƷ
Ȼֵܣû뵽ͨ˺ˣϳֳҿķ񽣵ںϣﵽ״̬ʵǿһ֣Ѿ׷ħ桢̫ƻǿߣɱ
ֻΪһ񽣣֮󣬻عΣȻΧ𣬿ʼʧϢ֮Уһ˿Ķɽ֮
̤Ԫɱ䣬һոµĸ߶ȣĳԽˣﵽӵİΪ
ӴˣԸ׵ؿԣǶ٣ģֻ󣬿Դ߶ԣԣҲԣǱŷǷſ
ϲ磬񣡡
ȻնҲһԹ⻷߳Ҷȡһͬ򽣱ȭ¶ϵЦݡ
ֻǵһ̤ʲôֵˣһҪ̤ߵ磬õõص
һ֣ΧԻ棬ȫʧеԪҲʧˣѾﵽ豹ĵزԵôݲȣҶȼ˴ʦξֶۡͥ۸еϢ
ӴˣɽֶһͷͥʵҲˡ̫ˡͬĸ߶ȡ
һҪصúõرչأֵݱ𣡡Ȳ뿪ֱ̤
̤ҲҪúüͣҶҲص֮УٴξĵС
ͥ
Ȼ䣬ڹϵĽ֮⣬ǿ֮Уһλߣѩһͷ԰׵ĳһɫĵۣͨ٣ƾȻϴ񣬳µɡ
̫֣ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
֮ͥ̽УͻȻһˣ߰ɣţͷǿ״һɫıǻţǣ͸޼᲻ݵƣһսףԵߣͷϰ
ţͷҴǹͥıߣΪҴδѹͥţͷԸоԷĵ⡣
ýͣһͬԪ𣬱Ϊҵļˣҵֵܣ㡭ˣʲô˵ɣ
ţͷͻȻΪԭ㣬ʧڽ֮С
ಣ
ۡشۡشµطߣǶܸˣ̫飬ӭؼң
ңδǼң
ΡΡһۣ̾ʾ⣺ءأԪδڷĩİ£λʵѾûв˰ɣ
㻹ںǹͥĩ
ʲôãܻĹͥԪҪ֧֣ȻҲǹͥ
˵Щˣ˻ؼңǽȥ˵
۹ӭ̫عͥ


1617 
̫Ҵ½
ȫ֮еҶȣòһٷֹͣУ뽣ն졢ʱֱ־֮£ҲҪ²
ʦ㡢ʦ֡Ҫ񣿡
ٷξ£ξǲٷ֮󣬲֪ߴ֮УҪ
߶ǧͼҶȾֵڵʱ֮⡣
֮ϣҶȼֶǿ
ֶ۵ķξġΧֹԫ˱֮ΧҪ
ʦ𣡡
Ҷ޵سڶߣξһһʩ
ʲôҲû˵ʾҶȾӽ
ҶȴӽĽ֮УѾйȫӴԲδж˼ڹ֮ϣڵӰΣ
ҲǶģֶڴˣԼ֤ӽκ⣬ᱻǿһһ⡣
ܿ죬Ի濪ʼȼգ֮ϣԪԹ⻷ٶΪһֹԫڵԻ棬໥ںϣţ˿ʼٻ
˿̣ʧĽ𵤣ȻһͷԵޣֻģʮģʲôӣ̾ڽ𵤣ܡ
ֹԫΧһЩģʧ֮ѪȻҲ̺һ˿Ѫ뵤Խ󲿷ְĴ
ٻ֮Уڵɵʣʧ١֮УȻŲɵϢȼգǱϾʵޣ޷罣ǰ㣬ԾŲɵʡ
Ρؿξ񣺡ʩչɹ⣬ʦܡʦãɹɵʣ
֮⣡
ξʲôҲûдѸݵ߳һӳ˫ƣġƤȻʼسΪʯ״̬Ҵɹ⣬Ȼԣκεӣ޷ĵز
ʱ˿̣𾪵ĵҶȣΪڣ֪ξΪ
񣡣
İ񣬶٣Ҳʲôڣһ𣬴ﵽ߸߶ȵһͷ̫˺Ȼ
ʦɹ⣬ȫﵽ˱ԴĪǣʦ㲻࣬һ壿ʯıԴ
ξͷŵɹ⣬Ҷȶ̾磬ȻҲ԰ԣںɹ⣬ͬξɹⱾԣԽɵƤ˫֣Ϊʯ
ҶĿξصŮӣȻ򵥣һ񣬻ʯ֮顣
õĴ𰸣֮УȻֶһӣôͨΪǰֹԫġһݲΪӣȻӳԽ
ʦص֮Ǵʦ㣬ɱңͲͷһѹ
лȻʣҶ¶һЦԭֶͬԴһڣҶȶܵξֶڴչˡ
Ҷȴǰӣ΢΢һʦڣǽ֮УһصķӡҪ˽ҪҴﵽ١ٵĸ߶ȣ
һƬɹ⣬ںԻ֮УϯֹԫҪξǿʵ̫˼飬ɹ⣬ȻԻ桢񷽵ٵ𣬶΢΢𿪣ɹ⣬Խ˽ԪʵѾﵽͬȵĸ߶ȡ
ζţξʵѾ֮£޵еĴڡ
лʦ㣡
ɹϯֹԫͬʱ߶ɹڵɹ⣬ξɹںϣϣһͬɵʡ
ڵգƾֵܽʵڶ۵Ŀռ֮ͨ£û˿ԽƬռ䡣
켴
ξ˫һϣ˺һȻֹԫѾɣڵŨȣȻҲﵽ˰˲ңҲǣֻȽڵĸ߶ȣ΢΢㡣
Žֹԫվڰϡ
ǿʵ˵֣һں޵ѪҺһߣξİڿԳΪɽͷ
ԫΪʦܸˣ޽֮صĶɱǿУֽӵеĳɾͣǴģ
۸οЦݣĸװĿӣ֮Уϴ϶ĶѳɾͰʣµ塢ߣ˸ҪŬڵйΪ㣬ǵУ
ӻӱŬ
ġҶȣͬʱֶʩ
ˣ˾϶Ϊʦȥ½ţġҶȣˣҪúϣ½ţǵĴʦ㣬Ȼŵĺģʲôºú
ֶһȻϵشֹԫ޽֮񷣬澡ͷͨĹ
ʣµˣ˭Ľ˭Թ棿
һξŴ˽ֵһ֮ҶָࡢȥܶԴһ⽻ࡣ
ֵ֮⣬ҲĵӣδһٻӰһֱֶΧ
棬һȹڷ籩֮ϰϰҡڣݵӣƺŷ籩޾֮С
ҶȣȻҲʦΪҪɱ㣬ʦΪ
ŮڲϢմţһֱֵƺֶ֪и֣δǹ۲ʱ֮еһС
ֶɳɽɽ֮УеŮΪԭţûĹϵȴҲһֱྴʦɱҶףֶ֪飿
ȻЩ꣬ˣ˫ͫҲǿɱ
ȴֶһжʱϿգֵ֮㣬ֳξӰ
ξЩ⣬ΪԸŵҡҡͷˮȻǻֵüա㾿ʲô
һֱֶξ񣬷·𿴳ʲôŮֶ߲죬ʲôͼıɳɽأδйˣɳɽɽȻĸ֣ˮֶΪУţ˻ΪжԹϵ
ʦ㣡
֮󣬹ġҶξ
ͬʱҲԶյŮӡ
ξӣЩŮɳɽĴӣˮѾһʵɲ⣬֪⣬ǿģ
ɳɽֶྴˮֿƹšҲһɻ
ʦ㣬ҿɻǵϫӣ
Ҷȿξ񣺡֮ҺϫӾͰͶɳɽǿߣ˫ʥֻʦ֪ʱΪ˫ʥұδϫ֣ǲˮˣϫйϵ
ʦáʦܣϫ֮£ȷʦֻһ㱨һֱδȥΪ˫ʥΪǣɳɽԳٳ٣Ҳδߴʦȥţͽϫӣ
ξ뵽һ㣬Ҷ֮󣬲δе㵣ܳŵ˵ûйϵˮǶֶ죬˵⡭ʦܣȥͽϫӣҪĨɱŪˮ⣬취ϾˮɳɽĴӣʹɳɽ


1618 
ʦ㣬ʦһȥ
ξ˵֮վ
ξ˲Ϣ֪뷨׵Ҳã˶ӦҪͽϫӣҪ˫ʥ֣˳Ѿã˵Ȼ̤񣬶£òҪͻ
Ҷģ𶼾Щܣ׷һͻ
ɣ˫ʥôҲɳɽϹŶԻɳɽǣʧȥɳɽ֧֣òʧξҲҪеȥھͳϫӴˮǾ͵ŰɣҪʲô浽ǸϡǾʹ˴󷽷磬ˮ֮ʵԽǱֵΪ飬Խģ
ǺϢɣ
Ҷĳξ񡢻ʩ֮ͷϢɲǴ֮Уһ·ɳ
Ҷȣиǡƺӹģ
еˮǿӦĽ磬΢΢һ֮ʣѿҶķɳ
ɱһҶȣҲֶ죬ɱһģҲνˡˮ߶ǿͨϢҶķһգ̽ϡ
ôʦ
Զ߿գҶͷųߵ뿪գˮҲɲǷ
ΪʲôҶ룬δ뵽ʲôδϫӳ֣ûе˫ʥǰûеɳɽκεӡ
ˮȻĿĶ
Īǹģ
УٿȻһһвξ񣺡ʦ㣬ãˮĿ꣬Ȼʦʦеһˣ
Ҳ⡭ʦܷģʦԴ̤һ٣ʵѴﵽѷˮĶ
ξͻȻһâ뻪ڵգ˲ɳ磺øˮκĿģǸҶҵʦܡʦó֣ɳɽĴӣ칬ĹҲҪѹ
ԣξ񲻻κˣ˺ֶӡ
֮У
ҶĲͷδˮգ󷽣ˮƺ٣ĺ棬ξ뻪
֣𽥵ذнԶֵ
ƺˮڵȴ޽֮ص֮С
ٿ
ٶȣȻ
գ֮䣡
ֳһı׷ҶģǰȻֳһأҶȥ

˲ն˿ռ䣬ǿ޵Уۿٶһ棬ͻҶģ׵Ĩɱڿռ䣬ռ䱻ɲǣҶ˲ʧˡ
ţ
ȻˮԼ͹˵ˣ͹ΪֻٵĹģԼһٵҶȡ
һնɱκεĶ٣ƫƫ
ӡ
Ϣ֮ʣˮҲգҶֳĴ쳣ŭʣЦɳɽô磿ˮֶ죬ɹ޽֮ؽţɳɽλһ֪ΪΣ㾹Ȼд˴ͷ·ɱҶˣɣ
ˮֱȡºڽ¶ţ񣬺ɫգɱˣӲҪɣҶȣ㲻ǵʶҵ齣𣿻Ҫʣ
գҶȻֱˮڣŮӣʼ档
켴ǵЦݣˮǵһμ棬ĸ߰Ŀ⣬δҵһ࿴һҲмҪΪɽĿеʥŮҲˣ˽𣿲ʦղŵ⣬ش𣬾ҪɱǣҲף
˵ĺãֵ΢΢죬ԳѼĿɰһ档
֮ȻҪףҾƫԸɱǣһжʧֻҪ֪ҽĿģֻɱ㣬ڹġֻܱǸˣˮָһѹƣڱΧգ籩һͬ
ɱң
ҶȻֹһ顣
ˮ
˫֮ʣξ뻪𣬳һգˮüһ壬δ˵Ĵڡ
ҶȡĻһξˮȻſҪûûɴְɣֶ죬ƺɳɽδйԹߣʦܣɽ꣬ʱ䣬ԣҲǼαչضѣֺԵ㣿йҲǣ
ξҶŵĵһӣҲйһЩʣ㣬ȻˣҾ͸㣬ҶȣǰԹͽ޳ɱδҵԸˮƺ˼ɡ
Թ޳𣿡
ξͲˡ
ˮ̫˰ɣ
ĺһЦݣߵҶȣֶӣǵʦܣóѣ
ȻûжԹԣ¿Ի⣬֣ǴӴ˾ǵˣţҲӴˮݣΪôӣѵ㣿ξɴŻ£õķʽ⡣
˵ˣ
ˮӶ齣еʱ޷ѡģˣͱȻ˼κεĺɱҶȡǣ뿪
ˣ
Ҷ˳ξ񡢹ġȻȻ˶ˣ޷رܣֻһսҽҪŪףΪҪɱңҲҪ֤һ£Ҷȣǲܱɱģ
мŸеǣɣˮ˶齣ؽɴ
ȥɣ
Сĵ㣡
ξ񡢹ġĸɱϵҲ֪飬޷Ťתֻһս
Ǿսɣ
Ҷˮһһ޽֮صѹԣͬ裬ҲУԷ޽֮صӣһ񣬻֮䣬һɹıС
ٿ
һ裡
˵Ľ
ôˮĽһ᳤ơ
Ҷ֮䣬齣ˮմǰпռ䣬ʼ𿪣κɢһбüž齣Ѿǰ
ಣ
֮ʾ˼ͨҶˣ齣£һͲˡ
ٶȣǣǿռͨȻԽĸ߶ȣһ̿գˮǴͱ飬ƺϣȻһˡ
ͣ
üͻȻһʱҼ硣
ԭ㡭֮Уһţ֮һˮס˿ڣԽͶɽڵĿռ䣬һ
䣡
ռըһӰռ֮ԵЩǱһݹЦݣɱˮʲôֻħӡ鹫ӲŴҵУ㡭ҲûǷʸ񣡡
ţ
Ҷȸո齣֩˿׷׵ذΧ
ˮ֪Ҷӵв˼ĿռͨҪƿҶڿռ䣬лӳȥ
ҶȡͨȻǿռʵ
Ҷ˫һ֣һɹεٿȻסԣ

һȦȦ齣ˮ趯齣£Թγɵķ֮ϡ
ðĽȻϣ޷Ҷȳûһնһ齣ûɳռ֮С
ˮȻǿﵽΣҵĴʦ㡢ʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦ֣һЩȻǰ£ȴҲּУѹնɱģ


1619 ܣѩ
ʦܣƨĵǡʱ
ҶȵһЦ֮
ŴЦ⿴ξ񡢹ģţôҲ˳㣬ҵƨôҲʦ֣
˼ЦһԵĹģݺҧŽ۷۴һۡ
Ӧúúʦѧϰ㿴ɽ磬Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ѰǳԽΪʦ㣬ξʱɫһ仰׳뻪ʵ
ܲˣ
ˮҼ˿ڣѾȬݿ֮ʣ齣ΧϵնҶȣЩ齣һˣͬˮƵģ衣

ܱ齣֮УҶȴ߶ǿȻ֮ͨ⣬ʱȻﵽһ۷塣
彣ˮƵ齣ڵղײһνһΣҶΪ֮ǰն齣û뵽ЩˮĽƺһ㣬࣬ȴһ֣˸յ̺ͨС
ÿһ齣βѴﵽΣҶȱѾ£Բ߶̫޼˻ס̫һ齣
ˮڲϵǿһΰҶʩչռͨ
ɱɱɱ
һŭߣˮٴ趯齣£ˮ齣׷ŵؽҶΧ
̫ˣҶһδεػӶ彣彣齣֣ξʩչ
齣磡
ƺһжԤıģ
Ư齣ˮͻȻָһϣе齣ֱɢȻΪһˮռ䣬
ˮȷǿ󣬴ʦ㣬ٳ֣ȥʦܿ¡
ԶĿľҶȱΧɫ԰ףæξ
Ҳû֮ǰֵ˼ͷð亹ʦ㣬ˮʵ̫ǿˣƺк󾢣ȥ󣿡

˭֪һ뷨ξնˣ̬̫͹ʦܣʵϴţնɱˣңʦܣšɽ֪ʵѹܣ
ʦնɱ˶
˲䣬ӶɵÿҪͻһԵĹģҲ𺳣ǿֻ֣ܺâ
ȴҶһ˸նɱˣ
ţɽ绹˵ţһ٣նɱ
޽У
ʦܡ
ξ˵һУÿӣǵ̵ӣ뱣ģԼʦѹԼҲһģӣÿһʲʦܡľޣǾ޽еģ֪ˣ֮ڣֻǶʦ֣ʦܾǵ֣ҡãͻᳬԽǣֱ׷ʦĲ
ˣ˰ɫҲȻࡣ
Ҷȣţһ٣ӵаϧûʱ䣬Ҳɳȥʱ䣬ϧʱ䲻㣬򡭡Ҳ޷ѹ㣬ҵУ㲻ԩ
齣γɽ磬ƾһԲε壡
ڲϵشݺ֮һնǻ޷硣
ˮƯڽ֮ǰֳ齣ͻȻͷŰ齣ֻˮһ㣬ΪɫƵģݣ齣硣
䣡
ڲıը
ǿڵֿ𣿡
ˮͻȻһƳˡҶȵţηâɣҲҵĶ֣ξΪһֱ֣
֮ʣҲʱʱֳ̿֡
벻ͨҶȱξȻ޶ԣʵڲףù˼Щּʮɫ齣˲һ֣齣硣
ڲһıը
ִ߶ʮİ齣һνһι齣硣
˿̣齣ڣȴҶȵĺЦˮҲܰ㵱һŮӿˣȻҪɱңҲնɱң̫Цˣ
Ѳ
ƺеˣΪξ񲻳֣ԭСҶȡ
·
ˮͻȻһᣬе齣ͷκ齣ֱڻΪɫɽͷųƷķâ
ݣ
ɽѸ͵ش齣硣

ɽ뽣֮󣬾Ȼû˿Ķˮ뵽ʲôÿµ飬͵ԭһ
ͣ
Ȼһ޽ʧĿռ䣬ȻҶҲ޽ֳ֮ȻƵᣬˮ΢΢һЦҵֶΣ㶼ܲ³ˣ
ˮҶȣΪ𺳵ʵ뿪ҵ齣ģǿռͨκοռͨϢԽҵ齣磬ɵĸܶȿռ䣡
ҶȻϣӵɽһĿռ䷨ǱЦҵܡˮóı°ɣˣҲɱңҲ޷뿪
ԭ첻
ˮˣŷ־棬նɱҶȵģأվǰҶȣվͬ߶ȣѾնɱҶȡ
ҶȣҲпնɱ
ɳأʥ죡
Ҷȣк󷽵ξ񡢹ġ
ˮͻȻָһ䣬齣ʧһƬɫɽشҶȺ󷽹
ͬһ̣ˮͻȻʧţҶһƬɽ֮ʱϿճһƬУʥϢƣγɵһѩ׺أҾ޴ޱȣȻѹҶȡ
䡭
ɳأͷʥϢͬ⣬ҶڵĿռ䣬ȻɳأͻȻ̣һҵıը
һըΧһռ䣬ȫ顣
˵ƻ
Ҫ֪ﲻǾɽ磬ռ̲ѣˮĴͨ£Ȼ˾޴Ŀռ䣬ȫ顣
ɳɽͨξҲΪݣɳɽɽ磬ʶɳɽĴͨ
ڹ뻪Ѿ𺳵˵벻ˮ˵ǿ˹
ž
ľ޴ռ䣬ȫǻˮƯϿգ˫ֲϴ߶һʥϢ
ΪҶѾ֮ͨʱٿ֮ʣһǳӰֳһƣ
ۣ
һֱӰķɣķ٣һͷ㷢ɢҶ趯һѪ
ֵãܷŹҪģ
ģȻҵƣܲˡҶֳһΪһɷӡȻ˵ˮ
Сģ
ͻȻƴѶˮҪ׽ʱԶξƺӦʲôɫ˲䡣
ʲô
ġҶȣͻȻһֻ֣ϯץסˮĳһɿµʥ֮
ˡ
ʱ򣬱Ҷȣȥ׷ֹˮǿʱԪ󣬳һ龻֡
ʥ֮ϲ˶Խ
ܣܣ
Ҷüͷһü֮㵣ʥ֮૾̾Ϥʥ֮û龻ǿҵĸӦİˡʥ֮Ϥ֮ˣѵǡ
˵ʱҶѾͷؽ᣺ǡѩ
ʥֻ֮е귲磬ҶйһʵľŮӣѩžϤϢ
Ǹ꣬ȥ̩Ĺ;УʧŮˣ
ѵ
ɽ磬ˣ


1620 
ʥϢϻ龻ǿҸӦҶԺֳֻѩģ
̫Ҵ½и֣̩Ĺжᱦ󲿷ֶҶħնɱʱŵ죬ҲҶ֮֡
ֻѩδ̩Ĺʧˡ
뵱ѩĹϵҶȴĵף֮ΪˣԴʧҶҲϣԼĹޣڷ磬ǽɽ硣
֮ţһжʱ⡣
ѩ㡭Ϊιȥ꣬ȴأ֮䣬޶ԹֻΪ֡ѵΪնɱ˵죬ˮɱң
ɲ֮䣬̾ԺĻ龻ʧҶȿǰʥද֮ϯϻռ䣬Ȼ֮ˣնɱ־
һʺţƯҶͷ
ˮΪҪɱ
ˣΪѩѩΪҪɱ
ĪΪ˵죿
ΣˮΪΣԼףΪѩ߲γס
ѩ׵õʲôʵȻﵽ˵ĸ߶ȣ˶ﵽ̫ƻǰĸ߶ȣ
ѩ񵽵ʲôݣҲɳɽ
ʱۣ׹ȥһĻĻǰʵ޷뵽ɽ磬޽֮أѩٴ
ͬʱǰʥද֮ӶᴩգһУҶȣӿ
ʱξĿһ裺ʦܣСģɶ֮Ҫɱ㣡
ಣ
Ҷʩչ֮̿ƿռ䣬໥ĦڵĿռ䣬գ۾ʹһͬƿȻһξ񡢹ġߣʧĿռ䣬ʥ֮Ѿǣϵ顣
ĸ֣ͬɳɽʵȻɳɽϹŶξŭɶɱɳɽϹŶѾȫŷѣǰգϢһЩˮʹȥ
ҶͻȻ߳ǰʦ㣬Ȼûʲô飬¾Ҹһ·ԷأʵǿĺܣҶ£ԼȥĪܰǣ
Ҳգָֽ֣˵Ҳһ׵£Ȼģڲŵǰ£½ãξͷŭ
ǻȥɣ
˸ɫҶ˵һȻʼֵҲȥ
صҶȸո£δģͻȻξһֶĵʵʦܣղ֮£飬ŵĺģκ£غţ
ˮ֮ɱҡܿΪڷһλԸһж֮˽£ʦ㣬ģһģ
ξĶ֮Ҷһˣ˿ͬѰ˼ɫξ˳
ȻˣԼҪģʵѴﵽ۷ĵزξһ䣬˲Ϣʧȥ
ѩˣ˫ʥȻɳɽϹŶȻ֪йѩһУ
䣬һͷԺ߶Ԫξк֮ʧֵ
˾ɳɽܽա
֮ʣüұһΪɳɽһһЩɳɽӣ׷ɱˡ
ǿߣҪӶɳɽԴһ۾ͿЩˣΪλɳɽȻ߶龻֣ѰϫӵϢ
һҶȾͷҷգηУһ˺ѷϧռ֮У㷢һСķʡ
֮УϫӵϢڱҶȴͨӦһϢ˫ʥҲڡȻɳɽĵӣҪˮ˵ʵվͬһӪ
߶ԪҶȲϵؿʣ𽥿һ֮УһʱĶ󷨣⣬Ѿϫ˫ʥ
˫ʥʵȷﵽ˰񣬿ϧֻһİϫӡȻٵĸ߶ȣ˫ʥΪ˸ӱ𣬲ϧһУҪΪϫ磡
Ϣ붴֮󣬱һ󷨿ռ䣬˫ʥϫڰգ˫ʥ֮ǰǸٸȻΪϫӣӵò
˫ʥڲϧϫӴ
ɼеĺޣǶô޷
񷷨򣡡
ҶһЦ˫ٿȻĳһɾֹķȻϯ󷨿ռ䣬Ȼ˫ʥƺʲôԾվȴڵ󷨿ռ䣬ȫؾֹ޷һ¡
ʦ𣡣ϫ͵ۣŲŵĿ⣬Χ
˫ʥͬ޷ţɵؿķɫʵ˭ѵˮΪ˿ֲ˭ѵɳ𣿡
ģҿɲɳɽˣ
Ҷȴ֮һ߳һۣô
㣡ҶҶȣʱ˿̣ϫͬУͻȻһΪֳӣȻǡֶĵӡ
˫ʥҲ㵵һֶӣ
Ȼʼ߶ǿƺҪѾֹռ
֪ʲôʱ֮ʣҶȾԱߣֻ󱳣һ㣬Էͬľͷˣ˫ʥҲĵˣ֮ʩչռͨǲܾú̸̸
ϫû뵽У޵е˫ʥҶǰ޷֮Ҷȣʵڱ̫ϴ㣬Ѿֲ֣ƣ׷ɱˣͲܷŹң
Ī𡢹Žˣﻮ֮£ȻȥȻŵˣͽ㣬ΪϵΣȻ㣬ΪͽΪڵʦ
ϫӣҶѾûжٵĶݣֱƿĿ⣬һɻ˫ʥ
˫ʥϹŶƺҶȲδжٵ⣬ҲʵˣֶΣ˫ʥǵһΣгԴ
һ˻ˣǴƣϫӲҲڸϳ𣿺ˣԹ˫ʥѾ֪ϫӵĿģΪ˰ĵӣѩޣնɱˮǲǣ
ʱҶȵĿ⣬ǡ
˫ʥ㵵صͷΪ֪ҵ£ϸ
ҾͲͣĿģ󣬻ܸ˵ģΪһͬĵˣǾˮɳɽǰһ̣ˮȻֵΧʩչɱ֣
Ŷδɹ
⻹˵ɱĵӣϫӣΪնɱˮҲҪˮָ˵ãǻǵ𣿡
Ȼǵˣ˼ͰĿռͨ˲Ĩ˫ʥŭĺȵ
˵
Ҷֻüͷһ꣬˲Ϣֹʧȥ˫ʥϫӣվҶ档
˫ʥ΢΢ŭѹô˵Ըˮ
Ҳ˵Ĺȥʵɱ£ֻɳɽĴӣɱɳɽȻưոݣֶȥʲôһкܶɻҪ̣֮ҵĵˣɳɽҶȽ͵
ˮǱҪնɱġ
˫ʥ˫һᣬϹŶеɱϣ֮Уϫӻֵϲ裬Ҫˣú̸̸
׼
ϫһһԸ⣬ȻҪҶȷ裿ⲻǵ棬Ҷȼ̤
һԸ⣬޷˫ʥԸϻһײ輸ʼһˮ


1621 ɳɽ
˫ʥҶһ£ԱˮڵĹ
ʥ֮ǰðȻ֣£ϾҵĵˮɳɽòȡֶΣҶȱȭΪ֮ǰ
ףˣ·񣬱ᣬˣ
ɲһףҶǴˣָǳԣ˫ʥῴҶһɷǣ
ˣҺܺ棬ˮΪҪɱ㣿ѹסǷŭϫС裬ݸҶȣ˫ʥϫһԣȻŲ㣬ʵ
Ҷʼ磬εĽ͵֪ӣֻм棬δйʣҲҪŪ⣬ʥ֪ɳɽʩչʥ֮˭һ֣γޱߵĶ֮
ˮ㶯ɱ֣ɳɽϹŶҲ㶯ˣֻдﵽϹŶſʩչޱߵĶ֪֮Էʵﵽεȵĸ߶ȣ
˫ʥ󣬻ûоĻشһģ
ͻȻ֣ͷһֻ֣ˮ˲ͷʥද֮ҿ˵Ϊǰɣʵ߶ȣӦóΣӽ۷壡
ô˵ֻɳɽ𣬲˵ͨ
ĺȻ˫ʥϣһݶݣȻֽ͵ҵƶϣ棬һˮɽΨһӣѣȻɽһӪȣɳɽﵽǿߣֻˣˣͬʱڣˣǵʵҲֻͨİˮʵֻ࣬ɽʵſܳԽˮ̫࣡
ɽ𣿡
Ҷȸɻ
ɽɳɽĳƺɳɽڱ䣬ǡվһ
𽥵أ˫ʥ˻ϻӣ֮ɫϵͷţɳɽδڱ֮ǰΪӪһֱڶ֮Уɽ𡮺סǵʱһһϣյɱ֪ʲôֶΣնɱһɽڵһӪʼ߽⣬մ󲿷ֱնɱֻӳΨһĵӣʱһŵӵˮ£Ҳα׷ɱЩһֱ޷Уأ
ףǲǻһ֣ѩ
ɳɽڱ䣬Ҷֻ΢΢˽⣬̫⣬ĵǣɽףǲѩ
ѩ
˫ʥӻ֮УȻ㵵һհͷֻһ֣ףɳɽδйӣΪѩȻ뿪Щ꣬Ͳһˣ
ˮ֮ˣȻɽףʥںף˽٣ɳɽʥ֮޽뷲֮Уʲô˸պõõϫӣǡõõĴ֮
غɳɽܡұøģȻҪնɱˮҵİ֡
˶٣ŵɳɽʥ֮ԪڣһˮϵΪˮ֮ǡñɳɽһ䣬޽֮صõȻ󿪴ɳɽˮ֮ҲΪʥֻſӵУϴɽڱ䣬ʵǺףҪȡˮ֮ɹˣԭʵ޷ģӵˣõɽˮ֮ûɳɽӣʲôɽ׹뷲֮СҾ޷شֻ˵пܣ
ô׵ģǲģ
һҶ˵ûԵջһת˫һ֣һγѩӰ񣬻Ϣ
ǺףģȺ׻Ҫ
˫ʥӰʱԸоİҶ˵ǺܴĴһջҲûУ˫ʥľ㵣ȴҶٴξ۾
ΪѩŮӣӵеʥ֮ɽˮ֮ƺкܶƵĵطˣѵһˮ֮׹˷֮У˫ʥд㵡
Ϣ𣿡
⵹һõϢҶȰһв˼˫ʥҵʵȻҲҹģңҵĳ룬ڲƭҡѩɳɽʲôϵںǲѩڻ޷ȷ
նɱˮʲôð취Ǻ׵ĵӣɱͻõ׵ıӻΪɳɽȻʵﵽ۷ˣ
Ȼ˫ʥȥ˽Ҷ֮£ֻһΪӱ
ҶȻعȻѩɳɽйϵҪأô±˽ᣬϸϸ˼һᣬҶͻȻϫӡ
ֻһϫŵֱð亹ϫȻףȫҶԽ޷֮⡣
·ҶѾϫӿ͸ҾáϫӳΪɳɽӣȻ󿿽ˮҵᣬӦϣſаգնɱ취ף
취ҲϫٶȣҪʱ̫Կˮ֪õȶ꣬ſԵȵᣬʴҲѡϫʵ˫ʥδжˡ
Ҷȼϸϸ˵ɳɽֻһնˣԻˮΪﵽ٣ֶ죬ڼɳɽԷһΪӣߡҿʥϣΪ٣ʵɳɽǰͲõõʵǿӣ
ϰң٣˻һһԵϫӣһ𾪣ѲƷ
Ϊ㣬ΪʥңȻҵ˵ǰеĹ߰ˣ˴ϻۣȻ֪㣬صǣ㣬㲻ңõٵ𣿡
Ҷȿ𺳣ϫӣЦ𡢹ŽǺΪʵֶ죬ΪʵĶҡҲΪʵϫӣЩһֱУʦϣõֶ֪Щı仯ɣ
Դڱ粨ѹžͿʼص㣬صӣ˽ӣѾΪ״ӣΪڣΪ٣ţڲ֮ǰɹ޽֮صţ̫͹ֶ죬̫ļͨݾõνٿʦ𣬻ɽİͷĸǿԼľʱɵģֶ۸ģǰʵδϧĪѩˣ޷ȴȥɣֶ죬ӣᵮİ񣬶㣬Զֻˣ
һ仰˵ɫͬϫӵϣһŻݣʧɫ԰׶
ͷֵõʲô
ϫ̱š
˵Щˣѡ·δԿ˫֣ȥ졭
˫ʥҶȣؽɴǾ֣٣ƾĸ߶ȣȻóҵıѾĴ˰ɣҵʱ䲻ˣ֮ǰΪӱ𣬺Ŀ
û⡭
ҶȰȻͷһһϫϷȻ߶ɹ⣬ϵΪϫϴ衣
ͬʱ˫ʥҲͷŰʥ֮ͷűɹ⣬ʼΪϫϴʣ
ʱͬҶ˫ʥ֣Ϊϫӹඥ
ϫӣһ侲ҶȵһĴɲСҲһţ֪޷ٸıʲôֻܵģϵǰͻƣնմﵽ֮ۡ
ֵ֮ʲӿ֮Ҷȵɹ⣬ڣ˫ʥָպøԴ


1622 ǿӪ
ͥ
λھɽ޽֮Ĺͥʱգգ಻ڹͥˣͣ룬żҲй뿪
˿ڹͥռ֮С
̫ͷ½磬Ҵ٣Ųǻ𣬾Ǳȷ룬ʼҹͥԮ
֮УشۡشۣۡϷ·ǼʮϹŶߡɡӵˣҲС
һϹŶھۻᣬɽ䡣
ϹŶվһϹŶһֳһţҹͥԮ򣬻ֱԮѾ֣Ҿãʱѳ죬Ӧô򿪴ţӭҹͥѣ
ǱѣǴ򿪷֮ţǽͥͥΪǵһԱ
ŬǴڱ뾡취ͬǣڵʱ֣Ǵڱ
ۣȻҶд뷨Ǹץסڼƻο϶վΪɽľ֧Ͼ෴Ҳ½˷ˣŷţĴӶʣһ
֮ǰϹŶԼϹŶ׷׿ʼԣһͳġ
ȻҶͬ⡭
شʾ⣬˰شۣʱȻ죡
ã
شۻͷ۷֮ǹͥɽ־ľ飬ɳʹߣ˵ҹͥһɽ綯棬½ľͷƵشϣɵҹͥĺһ͵ɽ磬ϣһɽ޽֮ɢˣԼħа嶼룡
ǣ
ʮͷȻ׷뿪
ֻʣʱʹ߲֪ʲôռ䣬ֳΪ˻ָô꣬һֱڰУ˵֮Լ־ξۻᶨҪɹôɽĴ󲿷ˣҹͥʱռ֮޷Խȫƣ
شۺȻʵǹͥڹӪأ᲻ܵη칬ܵ
ʹ¶ľЦݣǰֻһͨݣͨʱգڲЩ泾κȻǰڹʱգҲҪܵѹƣԪ֮ǹͥ칬ѡķݿռ䣬뾡취ͨ棬κˣܿǵӪأߵˣ඼в
ͺãǹͥľѪռԴܹһ񣬷ǹͥȥδҲֻܷ칬Щݵ̾
칬һ˻һʱ䣬õ칬ܣʱ򡭡ɽеˣῴͥɫ˭Ҫ磬Ϊҹͥˡ
δ˻ҹͥˣ֮ĴûᡭǸ׼ˣ
ʹ߿ۣĪĵͷ
һȥ
̫Ҵ½
ϫӹȻ˳ĽɳɽΪһĵӡ
޴ŤʱΧ޽֮֮УƯ
ҶȡġˡɲŮк¹ùá
ˣҶȣһǰ񣬲ҶȲ£ÿ˶ﵽϣѾȡԽ̫ƻټһҶȣʵﵽ˰۷塣
˺ݺ޵У
˿̣ҶȴĴڰյȴʲôȻ䣬ǰ߿գʮӰ
񡭡ޱߵİ񡭡𣡣
ˡɲŮ¹ùΪ񣬶Ӧ˲䲶׽ǰˣǶôĿֲ
գ۹һ۵ĳħŶ߾ʮ˵ĸֶ֣
Ƕ߾𡭡ˣԼڣΨһɱ칬̳Ĵڡ
Ķˣ΢Ц뾪㵣վͷһʺ򣺡߾𣬶δλȻŵ꣬ݺɽ۷磬ѣҲԵĸˣٴμλ
߾̱˲ſҶȺ󷽵ľŮӣһЦشµĵӡģ
ˡͷ̾
ҶȴĴӭڸ֣Ҷȣ̫Ҵ½ӭǰ߾ǰԼλ˵ǿߣ
ϴ󣬶ˣħ𵱿һЦ죬Ҷȼ棬һеӵȻҲ˵ĸ֣ܸҶȵʶ
Щ֣ѱɼ̫Ҵ½ĴҲݣҲʼ˽̫Ҵ½
ܣһ
̹
գʮӰȻǽն졣
괨뼸֣ͥն죬ŵաԫȼϹŶһ

ֵ֮Ҳ׷Χǿߣʼʶ
ĳɳѾûٲˣ
Уն죬߾ǰʺʩԭͷ뽣ʶġ
Ҳն죬ޣĸףɴۣһĴڣεȵĺƣȻӣģ
кܳ·ҪߣնԵúǫ顣
ʶ֮ҶȾͳΪˣĴ񣬴˽̫Ҵ½
ʥ֮У׼þƺòˣд̫ͣҴ½һξʢۻᡣ
֮󣬾ۻŽ
ʥ룬ԽʹΡ빬֮С
˷ֱ࣬ʮ֣Ϻü񣬾ǱҲضá
˵뷨ǵû飬ʧܣߺˣֻϲƵ칬
ʱϣ򽣡ն졢ơҶȣϴ½¼˹Ҳ칬գ˵ڵˣǿģǽֵܣҲʹˡڡ̫ͥҴ½һ𣬳Ϊķ
ˣûκģ߾΢΢ЦǰλԱߵˡ
ŵͥҲû飡
ҲǣնӦ
Ҷˣ̫Ҵ½Ȼֵͬܵ˼δΣķֵܣǹӭѣ
߾οصͷģЩˣͲˣֻһ˼ɴ۵ԸƵ칬ɴϣҪǺģ
ڳÿˣŶδϣ
Ȼ񲻵ʮλǣʮҶǰ߾ǰ̫ƻǰĴڣķںϣɽ磬ĵ󷴿
ڵƶ칬Щǿϧ̫ƻ׷ħ桢𡢽̫顢Щͷ˼ǶνضԿ칬칬Ȼ͹꣬ͬоͷɴɱ칬ҲϣƵ߾̾ˣ侲
û£ǻڳɳδδʹ޿ܣն¶Цݣ׳־ơ
ȻˣڹͥǲҪС칬Ҫͥνһɽݶ칬һǱȻȡ칬ҹͥЩ꣬ۼ֤칬ˣȴӲվҰģȻң칬ǣͥǱ˭Ǻö
ֶҵڣյͥһֵܣ̣ͥͥ
ն쿴ҶȣȻ˼ķںϵĽһϸƻ


1623 ͥ
Ǽ¹ȥ
޽֮أֵ
󹬵֮ټĴۼ߲㣬Լֵ״ӡֵӣɵۡࡢӵˡ
Ϸξ룬ҶȡġĴӣš
Ӷ󣬴𽥰ξĵλĿģŴҶµĳΪȥ֮ͥУһˣҶϣȥͥǴţιͥۻᣬڣҪʢһҪŵľͷ
ʦѾѡеӣ𲹳һ䡣
뿪Ŵ£ʦáʦܸųȻһЩ⣬ţش󣡡
ξٴνһ䣬Ȼûһе֣һ֮ξҶȿʼżʮĵӣ뿪ֵ
·Уһ˲𽥿ͥ
޽֮ؿȥ֮ͥһռ䣬պð޽֮أһϵľ磬ޱȡ
ԽͥˣԽԽ࣬ûʮҲˣǶԹ֮ͥͣŸ˼֮ͥС
ǰͥ˶Խġ
ɽеʥأ񣬴󿪷֮ţȻˣץסǧѷĻᣬͥ
ӭֶλѣ
ֶʱٹ˼̿ĸӭӣ󲿷ֵɢɣûִ
ͥҶȾһֻڵζ뻢ڣֻصͥ۵ƿ֮¡
ҺãڲֶĴ
Ȼʥɽ޼ڡޱڡŵȵȵЩСɽˡ
Ӵɵɵۣڵڣһٵ٣ʮˣȻ˹֮ͥУɽ˺
ֶ찲һ֮ͥϢֹȥһ£ͥ˺ӣʮˣһ֮ͥС
֮ˣʵ׳ۣСС֮࣬л̺ħаֵˡ
֮ͥУͽһ޴Ĺ㳡°ˣʮˣʼ㳡һȻǰ
󷽣ǲ֪̫СڣѾΪˣοĶ١
ֱɽһβʱյĴۻᡣ
ˡ΢ߡ޼ЩͷδɳµϹŶԵĳһǶ٣ڹͥŹ̬ȣ
ֶ೬һţǰӪ֮С
ҶξǰࡢӵȾӢʱξڴҶȣǰơ
ҶȻӦͥô꣬칬ĶУǲʲܣɽ˿ǳһŵ䣬ĸﲻ
ȴţξķΣһۣ֪жٵͥγͬӪ˵Ҳгһţ
λѣ˷š
ӹ㳡֮գӿһֻͨʮϹŶߡӺȻУżǿĶٹˣ׷߳ͨ
Ϊͥɽ繵ͨʹߣڹʩĹͥϹŶҲһͬʩ
ټĹ㳡ʱѻȸ
ͥȻԱΪʹߣȭףλǰͥУϣͥ棬˷ڴˣֻΪһĿģϣеѣҹͥ嶯ɽ棡
ɢûһ˿󲿷ִž飬ĿתضϿա
ͥƵЩ̣Ҳ޷ɽľ棬Ҷ֪½¼֮칬Ķо֮ڣôҿǵĿҹͥҲһЩ޷ܣ칬ִɽִߣʥޱȵģ˭˴ӿɶǣΪǵΪķˡ
ԭԸ칬Ϊɽ磬ΪÿһλˣȴһЩӰ죬칬Ŵɽ̳ʧ޽̳֮ɽʧȥִߣȼɱǲڴΪɽ簲룬ֹͣ칬Ӳϣ칬صɽ磬ѣҹͥϣɹͥ棬һۻᣬΪľϣһͬͥһɽԼ׼ˣ
ʮˣɽӿġϼĵյۻĿġ
˵꣬̾վ
ţܵһٹΣֻͥͥ붼û룬ɳ֧ԮȻնɱˣҲвٵˣξۻᣬǷ֮һ
ӼҲǣ
ţһҹ֮䣬ԴپͷߣϦ֮䣬ŵȻ޴棬Ϊ䣬ڴ˿ͥΪų棬ץסǣԴſʼؽ
ڣҲϣͥΪֹ
һ䣬ʼվԹͥǿڴҶ͸ſǿĿ⡣
Կ˵֮£ʵġ
ͬûκκʣɽΪ칬ܵĳȻС
ˣŸͬܡ
ڶϹŶ׷Ҳż֧ԮҹͥȻǵҹͥһȻ޷ŤתǬı棬ͥ˼ϣϹͥҹͥΪɽ磬ͥ칬ûǵȵڴˣҴͥϣҹͥһͬЯ֣ԸУɽ磬ҹͥڴŵҪ˻ҹͥʱ
ʦܣͥαװξִͨˣȻûκλᣬӴͥڹͥǿߣ˽⣬Ƕ֪ͥҲӵ칬һͻ֪ڵĹͥǶôα
ͥĻ᣿
ҶȵһЦȻȴţŹͥϹŶһһԣΧɽϵرԹͥڴΡ
𽥵ģҶȵԺһ龻֣
Ҷ΢΢һΪ龻ֻʲôףشˣֲδͷףת֮ҶȸӦˣһ޵شʮˣСһڣͷŶ
ʮֵ΢Ϣϵڼǿ龻Ҳ˿ʼӿת
ָоˣ
Ҷüͷһչ㵵ؿͥ߿գص񷣺Ȼһһ˵֮
ɽΪ籩ɾ޴Ӱ죬ʱ˿̣ȻһЩСˣǿߣɹΣ
ôͥʣǵһѡ
κǿߣ޷ͥᲢۣҹͥԹе
ЩܵĥŻˣʼģϣͥԸǴؽţնɱˡ
ϣʼȼգգл𣬶ԹͥеϣͥΪǽ鷳
ҶȽͥʱӦͥһŵˡ֮
˿̣ҶȲδ˿ͥ뷨ˡκεãʴ˲ɻ龻ָӦŸ֪ͥ˵
ڳʮˣǱȡǶôǿ
֮ͥ˵أȻͼı
Сǰҵʵ޷ڣҿԳȥ׷֮ȥ˺δ
ҶУһΪˣҲΪŪͥʲôıƣҪȥ׷֮ȥδ


1624 ƻӡ
˾ҶȻ޷ξ񣬱ʵظ֪
ξüźâɵ֮ʦܣ֮ÿһ˶ܸӦģҲУȻգȥһ԰ɣ
֮ͥƿأôͥˣӵĲʢïڹͥδشӰ졭
õξ϶Ҷȿʼȴ󣬾ۻʱһ䣬ʮˣڹͥ˴£һͥ
֮УˣʼĲͥͷһ֮ԽܼѰ˵ȷҶȿԣƺƵ֮ͥߴ֮С
ҶһܣξаϺ£֮ʩչԪʼ֮߿ա
һģͥΪõıڻİ£ҶȲܳɹʱǶʵӵаεͥѾ޵еĴڡ
߶Ԫںϸֽ磬ˮǰ㲽ΪӪܵƣͥһУ޷赲Ĳ
˿Ҷǰ֮ںϲֵϢΪ䲻ŨܣҲͬһƬӣϵطͥ
ͥ룬ǹͥͥҲͥĺģͥͥϹŶۻ֮أҲˣ֮ء
֮𽥵ͥҶԽܵڲһɿµ֮ͥξǰǿĴڣ޷Ӧ֮ɼͥ˹
絹Ƕûô
ͥǰﵽ۷壬ֲöɣ̺۵
ҺãҶڻ۵
߶ͷںϽ磬Ҷɵؽ֮ڡ
̧ͷһ֮ͥ񷣬һʱմ󣬲ңҶȸӦ˼ǿĴڣһشۡشۡ۵Ϣʱմ֮УʣµļϢͬģѵǡʹߣ
۵ϢǺǿʢͥ۵ķã
Ҷȿʼ֮֮Уղ֮ں֮УϢ֮Ͽʱմ
ʮ֮Ҷ֮ʱմ⣬˽룬ҶǿĸӦӦŵػһӡΧ
ŵﵽ˰ܸߵĸ߶ȣشۡۡش۵ķǽʹߣʹͥ۷ӡΧϵش߶ӡӿ֮
˵Ϣһڤ˼״̬һֱ߶ӡɽˣԹ֮ͥ
Ҷȴֳ֮ʱ֮⣬žƽ˯ߣӡ֮
ӡ桭ƺһŨҵ֮
ϴ߶Ӧߵ֮ӡ֮Уģ֮䣬ӡڲҶȾȻܵһ΢쳣ֲϢڲغ
ϧ޷͸յķӡǽӡɽȥŴ̾ͻѹӡҶȾߡǧͼҲ޷ߡ
Ϊλ֮һ֮УҿʢԣƺҲӵ޷Ѫ
ջظӦҶУһɻ޷ףҲȥĿһ᣺Σ˽ڰ˵ˣǻӶ˵δҪƻӡƻ֮ٺܳʱ䣬ͥô֮ʱѴﵽ٣֪Ǿ֮ʳĿġ
ʱ뿪ʱմҶȲ·֮УȻ󴫵һһξͥںϣʦ㣬֮ͥۡʹߵķԸ𣬿Ƹһʳȥʮ˺δԣҾֹƻ
֮ǴϵذѹͥޱʥĴڣǣͥȴ˵δľͷδ֣챻֣Ȼǵóѣ
ξ쳣İɲ֮УɭϣȥݣʦѸ֪ңصġ
Ҷջû뵽ξ̬˼е⣬ϾǣͥɲС¡
ȻѽҶȵݣ֪ξôҶȾͲüɵƻӡ

̼䣬ҶϢͻصʱմ֮⣬²˳٣ȣʩչ򣬽Ԫں֮˿ʼ֮ʱմ
֮ռ䣬Ȼ֮ȻشۡشۡԼʹߵ־ռ䡣
Ҳ˵ռκ˶޷룬룬ҲᱻĴ־˲䷢֣Ĩɱ߽ȻҶˣңҶʵҲһҪԭǴﵽεʵҲ̤֮ʣ־֡
ʱҶȵ־߶ȣĴ־ͬĵزӡˣǷǱôҶȻᱻ֡
ҪǿʵӡҪһʱ䣬ӳʱմ󡭡
ǰǾŴںһʵûв𣬵ȻþŵںϲſԴﵽ

ʵзգ˼һ֮ҶȻǴ㣬ſ԰ٷְٴӡ
̣߶Ԫдǧͼǳ֮ɫҶȺϢʹ߷ԱߣڴǧͼԪ˫֮ͨ£Ҷظ߶ȣ۷壬ȻұͻȻһâ
ƣ
һұۻΪ޶ĿĽ⣬һȭͬ˷ŭ䲻⣬ʹ߷Աߣͻأӡ

ͬһʱ䣬ŵǿʶʼѡ
䣡
Ҷȵٶȣﵽ˼£ֻͬ·޼᲻ƵҶұۣһȭӡ
̡
ӡĿıըɱըѸովѵľŵ񣬻Ҷȣһͬ𿪣ʱմҲը顣
ಡ
ʱմըҶԤ֮еĽΪߣǽ߶ǧͼٿȻΪǳ֮⣬ʧ
ǧͼ
۵ķڱը֮УŭĿԲɣǧͼͷŵǳ֮⣬֪˭һεƻǵļƻ
ۣǵڹͽںϣﵽһ뿪ͥɲǣס
ʹ߷ͻȻϿգȻʼںϣΪһʹߣˣһգ۾Ͳˡ
̵ͥĽ磡
䡭
һƣ˺˽磬һǳ֮Ҷȣ֮УѸ͵طɳȻ߶ǧͼա
ҵǰȻߣ
һӰҶȺֳҵһȭ
ಣ
ҶɫһȭʱʼգȭգҶȵĴٶȣѾﵽ˼ĵزǡʹߵĲӰȻ׷ɱ
Ȼ㡭ʹߣ֪ǷĩƵһοܣֲٶ˾ˣΪˣһٶȣԽʿ̫౶
߶ǧͼҶȺţΪڵٶʵʹ߿׷Ҳ£֪ʹǷĽ۱
û뵽̶ʱ䣬֪ô࣬ͥܡգȻ㣡ʹٶԽҶȣٿȻȥֻмɾ롣


1625 ʹ
ʹߣб¾ɱ
Ҷȿɳţɫ糣߶ǧͼ󣬶ģȴо㵣ʹߵٶȣȻס
Ҫ֪ǧͼѳΪıʵκΰҶȵĶ֡
ƫƫʹǸ࣡
࣬壬һʣһٶڱϣȻκΰ
̫ƻ׷ħҲٶȷ棬ơ
ѾԶͥ
޷ߵģ㿴ӡ
ʹ߲ӰȻԾҶȺ󷽣ͻأ֮䣬ʹ飬ָܵĮı壬ȻλĽɫƬ״̬ˣĽɫƬʣĽɫǣϯҶȡ
һƳҶȾ͸оĽɫǣʵǽʹߵıı̬ѡ
ٿ
ɫǣϯذƣͻȻ٣գͻȻҶȣɫǣγ˽ʹߡ
ϧ
Ҷȱִǰ֣գʹֻǷӡҶһӰˣ
ʹ߷ӡίʵ£ӡҵĲӰϢȫϢӡ𣬷ӡУڰ˹ռ䣬ȷӡ˭ı𣬵ڽռ䣬˭Ķ֣
ףΪصķĩ֮ͥˣΪӻͥƳοܣǶôǿˣǿߣ¾ǱʹӡģʵȻѴﵽ߶ȡ

֮䣬ʹں󷽻ΪĽɫƬһϯҶȣٶȾȻҶȡ
ҶҲа취ӦĲӰԻʹߣϴǧͼǱ˲ƶͨ˿ɼʹһδζ޹ȥҶȸ޷˦
ģʹһ˴ʱʼƴ
ɫƬϵɡҶȲӰƵҶ٣һֲԤУ˼̫ˣʹߵķӡٶȿ죬˲չдǧͼҲ޼£վǳ֮ƣٶȲֲ٣ûƣôֻһ취ʹߣ
ʦܣڸ;Уס
ͻȻں󷽵գҶȵξ΢ӺңԶմݶ
ʦˣ
ǣ
ԺһͷǴʦ޵УҶȻǸ˲ʦˣʵܰ뿪ҲҪܵһӰ죬ҽʹǿһʲôʦ㣬пܵش
侲ͬʱֵӰԻ󷽵ĽɫƬĿ⣬Ȼһգʦ㣬һʩչʹ濹⣬һο˴󵨵ñӡңǲɵѰ֪ɽǲģһ㣬һʩչһ濹⣬ʦڰеȴܻʹߣһжˣܣٳָһػ
ѵֱ׷ɱ£˼ά˵侲ɣʹݺԪǸ֪ξϴӦ
ˮ
ȻߣҶ룬ʲô濹ʹߡ
ԷҲһȻһ⣬ͬ׽ʹ飬ṥӵ
ˮҶ뵽ĵһ޼᲻ݣ뵽֮󣬾ͱҶϷˡ
ֻһɣˮ޷ںϣǹʹߣѹô죿
ǿԣǷĩ磬ʹȻҲûо԰աôֻУԪ
̷ܶ࣬ƽ顢ת鶦ơԪȵȣҶʩչģξˮֱҶУǿġ
Ԫһ磬Ψһķڣֻǰġ񡱣ʸ룬ôԪȻԽκˮ޷ȼ硣
Ҫһ㣬ѱҶںϣ
ʹߣȻɽ޵Уݺ꣬벻ϣӵϵɣ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷȵ˫ͫᶨޱȵ⣬ӰȻڷֻ𣬿ʼٶϢϣ΢΢ˡ
Ĺȣ
ɫƬͻȻӿٶȣץסɨϯҶеĲӰȻӰɨգȻҶȱ𣬻Ϊǳ֮ɫգݺݵϯ
ǧ֮ʣҶȻȻתץԪһֱӾһպãһƬɫƬǰԪͻأײһ
¡
ҶƿشԪϵˣɫƬԪֱӿʼըƬ飬ը֮УֻʣһЩƬһɫӰǱط˳
ܣҵı𣬿ǲˣģԣƷҲɽĴ
ʹһ˼ؿԼֱۣ塣
Ϊ
壬ȫѺۣ޷š
ҶջشԪޱģգصش𣺡ʦ㣬һ
ţʹͻȻһ
ͬʱһŮӣֻΪޱȵָɨƣŽʹߺ󷽣Ȼĳ
䣡
ǿĽʹߣһǱ飬ֻаƴСĴԪ飬ڣξһƣĳĽɫ
ա
ξţͷһӡѽʹ߽ɫȫգ˲ӡ˿ҶȣʦܣûңҲһԴʹߣģʦ֪ҲܳԾģʹݺ޵Уû뵽ϣ
ҲǿôҲܣɵɵԼȥ⣬ʹ̫ˣΪֻпռͨ
Ҷξվһ˺Ȼһͬɫ˴˵ͷ̾Ϣˡ

ˣҵһȻˣ
һ˺ѵķ֮УͻȻ䣬ֳɱڵĽʹߣȻ߿յķУʩ
һϵӷ߿մݶڸϹȥռıƬģٴΪƣҺܺ棬ɽõǼ⡭ӦûʲôˣһҪץסˣ
ಣ
գۣʹȫһѾ޽֮أȻһһֻȻ֮ǰսա
һɨķʮ𺳣øһصŮˣ˽Ȼҵʣȫӡߣ
ղ۸ң֮ͥҲƻˣ
ţڹֵǸִ
ʹŵöһ̹£ˣδһʱˣǾÿѹץסȻٴȥʦΪ֮ʱҲʩչһȻͬİԵ
ССǵõٵǺúõѰһδμԪ֮׹䷲磬ٵ½ѰңҲˣõ㲻ܷŹҲеֵǷأЩ֪ǿЩȥԺ绽꣡ϵطҲһЩǵһΣһöӵϢ䣬޽֮أϧһеֶε˵ߣϣҲʲôǧ磬һнпܣ
׷٣
ʹվͬʱǸصʧʹ߻ΪƬʼƬ֮С


1626 ֵϹ
޽֮ɳɽ
Ƶɳ֮УƯĹڣһʯĴ󶦣ˮڷڣţֻһɴµˮС
ˮ֮أҪһʱָܻĪҪļӹϷһŮӣϧ棬ˣҲ޷סǰ͹Σǿҵʥ֮
ˮۣҧ񴽣ɫǰ԰ףʦ𡭡ӣӾȻʧˣ
뵽ֻ֣һոţʵȷǣպðһϣʧȥ
Թ㣬Ϊʦ⣬͹ʵšȷǸֶΣŷϳ
ŮһԱߣһץһЩҺڵˮ֮Уͬʱο䡣
ʦ𣬵Ӳףֶɳɽһֱһϵģֵɽ綯ǲӦֶγɶ棡
ʡΪΪʦ㣬նɱҶȰɣ
ˮʳŮüһ˿꣬ܿʧֶɳɽ޹Ľʣֶ۴Ӳɳɽ߶һȥںЩʲôնɱҶȣȻΪʦ⣬Ϊʦδʶţɽ磬ҲڶУһҲԩֻеԭ򣬽ٸ㣡
ӶˣˮΪھΡ
ΪʦĿ⣬ӦҪ磬硢ɽ綼ĸڵͼ磬ֻվߵ磬ܾ˭ЦʵҪߣʱúñչأȡʵٴһأΪʦ˳ȥ磬ɳɽ㣬ԴϽ磬ã
ŮӶ䣬ϲȻ뿪
ˮδԹ˴Ҷȡţһϣ³裡ˮ𽥵ûڵ֮¡
ͥ
ۻͿҪʮˣδ֣ڹͥߵͥУľսͥƽʮˣȻڹͥɢĴ֮¡
ֶϢ֮ͥС
ʦ㣬ʦۣʹߵı𣬸޷뵽ûߣֻصͥˣ
Ҷξ󷨸߿գմջã˵ɫУȻԿʹɱµļ
ξΣյĵطȫģҹͥԶҲ벻ɽֶĺĵӣԣȫģڣʹ߱һѰң
ȻҲҵǵϢҶȰһЦʵ뿪ʱʩչ˻龻֣һϢڵʵ߶龻֣ҲĴڡ
ξתƻ⣬֮ʣΧιͥۻᣬϾҪ֮ˣӦͥϣɽκζʣһڹ֮УиˣͥӪ֮Уһ칬£ͥȻΪһôͥԪ֦ɢҶ
ȻЩǼʹ棬ʱùͥȫԼǵ֮ѱͥȡҪͥƣͥҪɽ磬ֻ̫ܹƻЩͨˣվڰľͷĸ׹ͥ˼
Ȼˣʱ칬һĩǶ԰֣գʱ򣬻пһͳɽ磡
ҲԸģΪ˹ͥչ伫˵֮֮˵ˣûˣûδ˥ߣ
ģʦΪеԺ
֪ξ񿴴ҶȵĿ⣬ϸ΢ı仯ǰǸ߸ϣĪ⣬ȻǣĮУȴ˼С
ξ֮ǰʦøҴٷҲʦ̤һ֮УʦڴһȽϱķ㣬ͬʱҲ˵ľ棬ľͷ֮УҲ˿ʼ칬ִɱ֮У󷴿ҪǿѨ磡
ɽ޽֮ص칬̳׷ʧȻǿǸ칬õܡʦ㣬뿪֮ͥҲȥȻͨĵطҲҲԵõ̤٣һ٣ǽʹߵıҲԽ飡
ڴͬʱҶѾйϸϸȻξԼ뷨

ξһ٣ɫЩݣЦȥɣﱾǰ磬ڵʵҸõ㣬ֻĪҪݣڹʹʱ䣬ʱʱ̿׷Ϣ칬ҲŹ㣬ɳɽóɳɽ»⣡
ɳɽ
Ҷȼƻ֮Уξ񣬱Ͼǹغ˽£Ҳ֪ǲѩ
һҶĵѻָŹͥһټ˷ǹйصĻ⣬Ȼۻʮˣ֮뿪ʣ֮һֱڹͥѹͥӻ
Ҷ뿪֮ǰȥһ棬Ȼ뿪ͥҶȼ̷̫Ҵ½
̫Ҵ½˽֮ҶȾͷٷ
֮󣬽ն졢ħһ̫ͬҴ½
ƯŤʱ֮Уһ֮󣬽Ϳˣֵ˵£ͥҲѾȷѽˡ̫ˡ˵ĸ֣ҲڲϽҼ󷴿ۼ෴ƺͬʱ칬̳ҲͥϣҲȥ
ҵ˼ǱΣ¶ۣնŽ˵
ףֿҶƣҲǶ뷨֪ĵ뷨Σ
ٺ٣ȻҪȥħ𵱼ӦҶҲͷһļϣҶȰź̷֮޽֮񷡣

޽֮صľͷϷǷʱղ㣬ţδݣԴ޽֮أıԵ
ǣڿȥһƬ·
վָ֮УһԱڻĽɫʱգǴǹҪͨԴ֮󣬹Ҳ״̬Ȼݵķ棬ʼ͸һʱգȫѹأ
˼̿񷣬Ƿ֮УƱڻʸ¶뾪㵵ɫ
ǰ˲Ϸɫڻ񷣬ʮڣϿһ޴ǰ֮УͷŰɫ׳۵ǣ֮Уг׹޽֮ء
֮Ĺ
ϸԪ칬ڴÿһˣ磬һҪܵ칬ļ¼ָȵȣԪ֮칬̳Ҳǿٸ֣
һȻ򼸵еӰ
̣˾ȲϢʩչͨ·̧ͷһ޴ޱȣҲһСΧѺۣ桢ϵشڲ䡣
ಣ
˹Ϸѽһ޽֮أȫͬ硣
磡
޽֮ص磬ŸȻҶЩǹȫƯųʣϵ׹䣬綼ǲͬ˺ѿռ䣬ΨһͬģϿվͷǺķʡ
֮УҲǷʵԭ򣬵˿ҲûУǰҲ޷̫ãһֱ鵤ҩãṩԴṩᱻϵĥȥ
ǵ̵Ҫԣӵ޾ĲƸڹ磬ȻԷˮ


1627 δͨϣ
˴ʱо㶯һ£һ㣬ʧһЩ޷䡣
磬磬Ԫ֮һ֮ͬ
ȴǸܹ˽ʲô磡
ûն졢ԼҶǷݺ棬칬ѾԹйµ˽⡣
̣˿ʼ𽥵ط߿ա
ȻǳģҲԿ״һԲεͨͨ澡ͷϧͷǷ泾
ܵϸԪ֮ǰɲֹһΪߣкüÿһ̤ˣõļ¼ʱ칬ȷǴ־
ݣ̫ͻȻδʱ칬뿪ҶԺֵһӡ
Ͳö֪ݣûԤʾֻ֪ҲҲп֪ܣڣ˵
ǿ
Ϊûдӷ֮УͷһĹŹٶȲˣȻ䣬նָ룬һɫʥ⻷
ʥ⻷ڷ泾֮£ͬ¡
ΡΡһһ꣺Ǳ칬ڹ̳Ҳ㣬ĵطӿʼݣ칬ѡѵص㣬׼ǣڿһͨ磬ҲˣΪ칬ھ棡
칬̳
ˣΪ๤
ɽϣҲ
ǿ࣬Ҳ
ֵÿϣ֮ɫʱоҪƵ칬жôף˭棿
ಣ
Ȼ䣬ʮٸ֣һ£մ޽֮طǼҶһ棬Ҳδкһ˷ʱա
󷽹շȥ
û칬ֻ޾׹档
Щʡù죬ֲùԭȫգ
ڣ˷֮Уߡ¡ͷ϶Ƿ棬඼ǳ飬еĵطܲ͸硣
նȴķ֣һκոͷŵϢһƬ泾˺ϢȻϢʧ
£
̶Щ泾ʮֵĿ£ǧҪͷ泾ӦиȻɣ
Ҷɫһƺ뵽Ϊµ飬һƤ鷳ôķʣȫ׹ɽ磿ҪԴøɸɾ
͵ǿܣʵ޽֮ؾϵرᣬǷʽɽ磬ֱǴɱ
䡭
˻֮ʱȻ䣬Ϸһ棬һұը
Ȼٸ֣ʼɱ
ֻըķ֮УǶţһ߱ʣȫ绯ĸʬʬУһѶĿ񽣡
ܶˣʼھһͨ磬ϧľסҲıˣǼʾ˲Ҫȥ֣ڹ֮ˣȻǶ֮УзǷĳǿߡ
ΪûͷŸӦҲΪԴ¾࣬ףͷŸӦȥӦ磬ǿΪݣ֮ǰͨһ޴ռ䣬İԼİ취Ѱͨͨ
һ·Ϊˣš
Ȼ䣬ҶԺһʣţնƣҲͷʵ磬ûˣھɹ𣿡
ʳնƹȻҲ򽣡
ڴ£շУʧҡҡͷûУδйɴ̫ۡƻ˹Щǰط칬ˣҲ޷϶ȷţϾɽ֮иֵʿֵ㣬пܣҵİ취
ˡ
ҶȲδʧҲδжݣֻ뵽һˣ˼ڵõ໨ŴۣƤں֮໨Ŵ۲־֮УȻĻ桭
Ҷȵй޷ǵһμ鹫ӵǿԼҩɾаӵˣξıɱ
ζģǿ໨Ŵۡ
˵໨ŴŴۻų˵Խ֮УѰͨͨŴںڰޱߵĺˮ֮Уεͷɹ𣿡
һδεģҶԺʵ
û໨Ŵۣδﵽһصĺˮ磿
ԣԪݣȻôˣҵͨԽ磬ֻǷɹ޷ȥ֤
ֵÿ϶ǣ໨Ŵ۵ȷһֵ𾴵Ĵܣ
칬˰꣬һֱδ칬Ƿսܣֻ֪Щ๤ҹϵھȻ칬ץסѪߣԼһЩ壬ǵע๤Զлھ򣡡
Ե磬ʱʱҲܼӰ٣˶ܳĬƺ֮ż⣬˵
նȻʵͥһڹ칬һӪذɣ
ȻУ֮ͥˣصķĩһĴڣȻҲڹ֮У취׼򿪹ҲѾɹҲ֮УΪʱ޷ȥģ
͵ſգĩĴڣֻйۣͥͥţͷǿ֪ҲδΪ࣬мɽ磬½֮ʱһѹʮͷδ֤Ϊǵ˼ûзɽ磡
Ҵȥһҳԣ򿪷һʱգ
˵֮󣬽ʹҶˣ߿շ֮С
ʱ֮˷£ϿգǺ֪ķ㣬Ȼִż˴ڷеĶѿռ䣬η֮Ŀռ֮ϣһԲεķ棬๥µĺۼ
˽͵һ˼ʮ꣬ﳢԣ򿪹ʱҵʵҲﵽһĸ߶ȣǿҴ˴ʮףѹȣҿھͨһαЩ㣬쳣ʮ꣬Ҳֻ߽һ㣬Ȼֻᱻ񣡡
һ˵ɽĲпʵһ档
Щû˿ھ򿪣ôûˣԽ磬ǳʵ
ϣ𣬺ϣ
֣ûиǧ꣬ҲھһϣƽſĳƣҲЩΡ
ɿ죡
˶꣬صǿҵѹ֮ϡ
ȫϣ
Ҳʧʱᷢݣ˵죬һѷ죬Խأߣ칬Ȼͨܣйͥķĩǿ󵽣ʱ֪ûϣ
ˣǴ磬վοˣȻ칬򣺡Ӧøǿߣ඼ڹ磬Ҹ칬ϽĵطȿƵ칬˵
⵹ǲܴ˴£칬ǵ£ôܣҲϱ¶Ҳüʶնͬ˵
Ȼһͬתطĸ߿ա


1628 ս
칬Ưڹ磬߿յķ֮¡
һƬ磬Ȼ칬ͷųͬڵķʱգȫطӡû֪Ƭڲʲô
ԶһƬĵĿ⣬칬֮ϡ
ǽն졢ơҶֵˡ
ֵܣʲô𣿡
ն졢վҶԱߣҶڷϣڵĵطһƵķ֮С
˿̣Ҳκεͨǣʶԣͷֻ΢
ңҶ˵Դʮ
˿ͷøй٣ֱ칬Χ
ţʱ΢΢˫ۣѸо̫ƻ׷ħȲ˵Ϣеİͨ󣬸صļãȻΧ٣ԼĶ٣нǧˣʮ𣬵ȻΧһЩ񣬿ǷģҲΧ۷
ôĶ٣ʮ칬⣬칬Ҳʮ񣡡ն󣬵¶ϲЦݣû뵽ƽĹѾоۼô
籩γƣ޷赲칬нյ֣Ҳ֮Уǵͷ֪Ƿܽ칬Ƶ
ٺ٣ϴǼˣʵûᡭֻһˣںʲô칬ʲôֻں
ħȻĿ˿Ҷȡ
ҶȻ˼Ҳ΢΢һЦն죺սһ𣬱Ȼа䣬񡭡֮󣬶ȻͻƣǰҪٰʬ壬ڰռʬ壡
ȻܴﵽĿġͬˡ
ȻնҲû
ţ˼ȴţҶߵ칬ΧҲڲ룬ֶǲҲΧ
ϧֶΪ̫ǿˣҲ޷Ӧֶ۵Ĵڡ
ȻҶȲµĲһȽңԶķУֶ۴ɡ滨Żм񣬴ֹԫڴ칬
ôˣԽԽ࡭ʱʱ̶̿ᱬ칬ս𣡡滨ſ˵
۴ʵ֣ǵʱӦ䣿
ֶתʮƽ˵Ȼվڷһǲ֣ܳ칬ҡҡ׹ǰһѻ𣬼ȴ񣬹Ĵ󲿷ְ񣬽ˣڰŽһĻ֮Σıδ
һβ½ڷһȫʤɱκαʣܸıģϢ޵˵
ȴɡ
侲ǰ
ϧԳħȻͻ˶٣εȻҲ޷Գħڣһ֪ûϣʲôƻ
УӵҶҲ޷ƿشֱ仯ϧԳħΣδ
ƽʱ¶аյҲֻȱ仯
ն졢ҲҶȳĬȴš
ٿ
һȣǼȥ
һ죬ͻȻ칬Χʱգɳʮ
ĺ󷽣Žǧٸ֣ѹѹģͬƯУ칬ѹȶȥ
ڶˣ
Ҷ뽣ն졢ħٿȻվ𣬸ɫؿ֡
ȻĹķǣΪĳ磬֯һγɿµĳϹ칬֮ϡ
ͻͻͻ
磬칬ʮ棬ʼ΢΢
ʱ˿̣칬ıը棬ΧţһЩ칬ִ߸ոɱ붼ڰ£вִ˳ɱһ·ִߣӵʼڷ֮ɱ
ʼһδεغ칬֮ϣ칬Ľ磬쳣δаִɱд߶칬ס񹥻
ʰֳ棬ֵɱȥǲŽһħ𱻸߿սţҶȼڣɱȥ
Ȼ;Ҳм뷴Ӫ
ն쾪̾û뵽칬ʮ񹥻һδδ
ȴ칬һΪķרΪƣӵܣҴδ칬
ηܰ칬ƵֵǲκʧˡҶ뵽ǵ
˺ҲҶݣȥɽķߡ
֮칬ڱ˶뿴Ľ֡
䣡
ѾٴιʮȻܺ칬𶯣칬Ȼ
УǧǿߣȻ뼸ִɱ칬ڲռ䣬޷ţ칬ڲжٵִߣ
٣ǲȫ׷׶칬֮С
Ʒͣڣִ̫࣬ٸɱִ߲δʧж١
ͳĸʼӪɱ뷴ߴˣ
Ȼ䣬ҶȵǿӦս֮£칬ִɱս񣬴ӷ߰Ӫ콵ִӪ
ɱ
ͳչֳܡ
Լµֻһ칬ִϿգִߵͨʧǹȻǿߣ׵ɱУƬնɱִߡ
һĸͷųһɹɵİܣִߣЩִҲǶپӶ࣬޷ֹ
ɱ٣ɱһȺ߹
ֵܣ𣿡
Ȼ䣬նϢȻȻš
ţƵϢҲǡ
о쳣ȵǴڳ֣ںϵĴϢԶǣ
ͨĴ󷴿Ӫֻ̫δ֣̫ƻ׷ħ桢˿ʼ֣ô칬˵лĿܣϧǾ̫ңԶֳֵܿľնź˵
˿̣ڸңԶķ֮С
ֳӰ
ֱشۡشۡʹߡ
֣ô֣Ҳ̳֣칬𣬽ǰɵ˵
ϣɡ칬Ԫǿ߹ɴۣ޵еĴڣǵ칬֮£֮£Աѹۡ
ش΢΢ҡͷ칬Ҫ£̸ףǸӦһ£İ񣬸ûħۡа̽Լˡ޼΢ߵȵ䣬н̫顭δ֣͸պӡ֤Ҳڻɣܲܺ칬ⶼͬҪ칬ĳ̶ȣﵽʲô߶ȣ
شЦЩ˾׳ֵģо԰աϴ뽪̫ӴȻûκǺ˼̫ˣ޷ˣҲãֻ̫ҪԿ칬ǾǰǵĴæ
ξۻ֮ǹͥӵɽһ֧֣㷴ʧܣһҹ֣ͥضɹһƵ칬ۺݺ˵
λҵķűƳɹҪ½磬ѰϢ´ʱͽλˣ
ʹߺȻ˵꣬ʧȥ


1629 칬ɱ
Žʹһߣۣͥⶼ
˴Ŀӣһ⡣
۴ʹʧķԵúܽղżֹۡЩҶģֻǷĩǵĳŵʱǼˣǲͷ죬ɹͨȥô죿
仰˵ششۣɫһš
˵ĩǡ󣬴Ͳɽ磬ǹͥʲô£
ĩ뷨κ𣿡
ش۷ŷΪߣȴΪǻһ·ǳŷˣƵ칬һ̣һѰҵܣһҲÿĩɫЩ꣬Ȼĩͥһ׳󣬵ҲãͥԴ
˵ĺܶԣǵ׼
ش쳣ޡ
˿̣ڹ룬ȻǸۻҵĹݺ߿ա
з棬Ӹ߿׹䣬еľ޴ʣ𷴿ߣִߡ
ͷϷڼʮֹ칬
׹䣬ϸֱը޷˿ʮ񹥻칬ľ廭棬ֻʱʱ̴̿칬һ
ضɽҡ㲻ϵ飬칬ڵĸ߿գٲȻΪ޴ıըҫγɵĹ
칥֮
ͻȻ䣬֮Уһ
Ǻ
ƺʲôƣȻݺһ𣬽ţʧֻ౬ըĹâһɱ칬֮ϣֵһӡ
ӿڲҲ칬İ
칬ڱ顣
ʱ˿̣ΧصҲиĶǿߣ׷ӿֿ֣е칬Űɱ칬֮С
ǵĵǶģ񣬻ѹ칬Ȼ޷״칬ȴҲȫʤ
ҶˣȻڷ㣬칬һӣ¶˲Цݡ
ǵһɱ칬ڲʮǿ칬ս඼֣ǻǲҪȥ֣Щǿߣ̫С칬ˣҶȵ˻ǼȴΪ
Ȼ󽣡ն졢ƶͬˣʮɱУԶԶ㹻ˣ
칬֮⣬ǿֵǿߣڲȴ죡
Ѿȱ󷨣ɱУܱһ
̫ƻ׷ħŵͳĸȸ֣ʮ񣬻вٶ٣칬ڲȴһˣǰһ
˭ɱ칬ڲ˭ͿԵõܣ칬Ѿ飬Ҳ뵣ģ칬֮˲߶칬ǽ֮С
ܣɱ칬֮У
׷ħŭɶһŭ
ɱ
ƴ֮С
˰ɣ
칬ҡҡ׹֮ʡ
칬һֻγɵı֮ϣĻ̫ʼٱǾ˹Լ͸󷨣ˡɱڲ
˿̣ڱԱߣһӰòһֳһ־µĵơ
̫ʼΡ˵˵ɣԴ֮£ҵ˺޹ϵ
ο㽨ˣһ칬ľٶ෴ɱ칬̫ʼӣѣʮ˵
ӰȻģ壬ܸоһƵģƽĻ̫ʼȴܹϣǿķϣ칬ǵת£ϧɽӵȥܣǺԭ򣡡
סΪ칬ĪĶݣ̫ʼÿӵľƺҲݡ
̫ƻ׷ħ桢𡭡ͽˣʧ
ϧ̫ǸϺ꣬Ȼϵ
̫ʼվΪһ޴ֻʧüģͬʱʧȥת˹ȹִֵܣռƻͨʧһΡҪ·칬ͨ
˻һ˹˸Դ߶ӡ
칬룡
ಣ
󷨣ɱ·ִߣ׷ʧֳͨ뿪칬󷨿ռ䡣
бˣֵǣɱ
·Ҫ˴£ɱ룬Ƕ칬֮УҵƸҵͨܡ
ǡ
칬֮⣡
Ծ
Զķֶ˫üо칬ƺһֹϢ
Աߵ۴ɡ滨ŵȰ񣬽һɻ
ȷԾ칬Դ칬Ҳܵʮǿһڣڸ·̫˳ˣֻӶ칬ĲƸɱ¾
˵ȷЩԾ칬ݺɽ꣬նɱٵľͷôףͱƣôɴۣ˾滨Ҳʼ
ಣ
ͻȻ
칬֮⣬һ޴ֻȻڲȻѸ͵תһܣס칬
ֻϢ
㵵һ̾ɫȻ𣺡ãϵˣ칬칬յж칬ǹ¶칬ڲ
Ҳ˵ͨһЩͷ쵼ģѵǾͿ𣿡۴ɲķʡ
ֶ۵жȻԤı£һǿߣ̫ʼ壬ҲΪ
ô˵½һ񲻶칬ı
Ȼ𾪡
ϴֻֻߵ޵̫ͨ꣬ʼͨѹڷ磡
һ
ħƺֻϢرУĿס칬ֻ𺳵ؿ򽣡նҶȡ
һϾ񣺡Īǻ̫ʼ֣̫ƻ׷ħ桢֣
նͷӦˣ
Ҷδԣ뷨ֵܼ˲ֻ֣֮࣬Ȼ̫ʼ칬֮У칬棬Ȼɱذ
еķţ
ͻһ칬ΧɽӰĴЩϣ칬Ǿǿ칬ֶΣ
ǲס칬ֻͻȻһ칬ʼ顣
䡭
޴һ칬Ȼըڱը£Ϊ˳ڵĿռ䣬ҲһƬϷķ㣬忪һӡ
ɱκΰ񲻳⡣
ʱ˿̣ΧΧ۵ľͷֱ˫ۣʲô
칬ըڲзˣǰ٣칬ըȻڱը֮
Ϊз칬ըȫû
ˡˡȫû
칬Ϊһ֡
⡭
ն졢ơҶȶһţ޷ܣ칬һըж
Ӳȣĸ߶ȣԽôʮ񡭡ûһԻ
ɽ磬󲿷ֵķ
ȫû˭Ժ칬λ
Ҿһۣ칬ν֮ضʾ칬
ӴԺ˭ҷ칬
ͷҲҲ


1630 ̫ʼս˷
ѵ칬뷴ͷͬھ

ն졢ơҶȻɻ𾪣ӱը֮۵Ļ磬һжڻϿշ㲻׹ŴƬ档
칬ͻȻͱըˣƺǻ̫ʼ֣ôһ£
٣칬ȷǻˣ
̫ƻ׷ħ桢𡭡ʮǷ׷׳Ϊ칬ᡣ
ಡ
칬ը֮󣬻ţ
һмžΧΧ۾ͷ칬ˣ칬رըΪһ֡
ͻأ䣬ĵѪӰӱը֮Ǳطɳ
̫ƻ׷ħ桢𡭡ǲǵͷһ
ĵӰɳը̫ʼĺЦ
ৣ
ֻգ̫ʼһ߳գƺ칬ըԣӰ졣
ֶ칬ۣϵ趯Ŀɨ˷ƺͷѹ氵Χ۵ľͷͷ𳤺ꡣ
ڷɳѪģôǰͷǵ沿ʼָգ̫ƻ׷ħ桢ħԼǿĴ
òʼָȻѪѪ䣬Ѫ⻹ϣΪ˵ָٶʵںˣˣǵɽ磬վ۷ľͷǴɽ
ˡˡֻʣ¼ͷķߣһ칬Ա
գ
ߵӰƯڷ֮Уǹͥۡ
۴룬âŷͫ׹⣬ɻؿشۡشۣƺûͷ칬ܾˣ
Ʋ㿴̫ʼǵģƺɽģ칬Ҳģ칬뷴ܾˣĻЦĳ࣬Ҳδţּ֪ƣ
شۼ̫ʼһ֮Աǡ
شԵúƽͫٵĲ֮ܵشֻôİ񡭡ɽӴˣκηս칬ͥƻҲҪܵǯƣ֮칬ǻˣҲһϢ
̫ʼ
һħ˫ͫĿħ⣬һħѪȼգֻ֮ųɽ磬ֻ֮ţձֻ֮ѹڷ硭ʵǿѰֻ֮ںϣֻ֮ſ磬ߵ
ȷǿעĿ̾
Ĵͷѳǿ֮ĩ̫ʼŹǡģǳңȡǼߣδ칬ըİʬ壡
Ҷۣʾؿա
һͬʧıը棬ʮ񣬳Ĵľͷֻʣ߾߰ʬ壬ؿʼŷ泾׹㡣
õ߾߰ʬ壬ôˣؽ̤
Ȼ̫ʼĴֶ֣ٳֶȡʬ壡նƺ֮ܵǰһĻľ޴û޷ˡ
磬ûʵҲ޷һġ
Ҫ
ˣϸϸżĴ󷴿ͷ̫ʼ֮䣬һսҰľͷӦòȣ뾡취ȳĴ󷴿ͷǴƵ칬ϣҲɽӢ
ˣ˭ҲӲˣϴ½ŹһһΡǽûл뿪Ŀܣ
߿֮У
̫ʼֻɭɭһɨĴ˾ͷ̼䣬Ӻ󷽸ߴ칬УɳһƬ칬ִߡ
ٱǾ˹Ⱥüǧִߣӷ֮Уڵɱ
ܡ
Ĵ󷴿ǿߣڼٵػָһˣƺƲǴ
칬ɱ˫üһ裬ֱЩ֮ǰ칬ڲΪǵȫûǻš
㾹칬ΪУⲻ֪
ǿİٱǾǱģʮֳЦη籩һּƻģ칬ֻϹƶһ칬ͬˣΪľǰ֮У鱬ըһ򾡣Ȼشֻ˻Ҳ˶ã칬ߣһú
˻һĴͷŭգ
ԭ
һж칬ԵݵһϷͬ½һģֻϴΣƼƣΡȴȫû
ɱ
̫ʼͻȻ߶ֻХһ󷽼ִߣһѷƵɱĴͷ
칬ɽ𣿵ǵ棬޷óѵģ
һ۾ˣͻȻֳһ޴ߴ죬ֱǧִߣһҧȥ
̫ʼɫһǸģ˲ʧϴƻ֣㻹ɹ𣿡
䡭
ײеߴ죬䲻ҧִӪУ˲Ϣִߣرը
ϴ֮裬ſһֱš

ͬʱѩ滨꣬ŷʣӰս٣ֱƮ̫ʼȻ滨ŵӰ
滨ţƾ㣿ҵĶ֣̫ʼߵһȦֻסΧ
žžž滨ֻӴҵײΧ滨ֻµײơ
һĶ֡أ
Ȼ滨޷̫ʼȻִӺ󷽣ɳ񣬷׷װΧ̫ʼͷŸͨΧ̫ʼ
ºˣܶ˻ǼҪӪȷͷ
ն졢ơҶȶ¶ϲЦݣ㷴ͷһѱߣǿǸ칬濹ĴڣΣϴ½װ׿ţ칬ѹͷ
λ뿪ɣ칬Ŀ꣡
ԱߣһУɱ˴󲿷ִߵٱǾ˹ȹͬʱͷĴ󷴿ͷϾصͷ
ߣ
̫ƻ׷ħ桢ħл⣬ϵץסᣬ޽֮ء
ܲˣֻ
ڼΧµĻ̫ʼͻȻΪһֻƿΧ֮գָſֻವĴƿȥ
ֻһУƿΧ
ݣ
һ񽣣ɫӰ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ߵİ󷽣һ֮С

񽣴̵ÿռ䶼ڲȻֳֻպ񽣷âԷâ˫ƾС
һ֮
̫ʼ濹⣬ٱǾ˹ȹҲ׷ɱͻȻӷ㣬ַɳȻһҲּ
ʮ񣬷ֳһֹٱǾȹ⼸Χ滨ŵ˻ϣʮ񣬰ѻ̫ʼȥ·½ڰա
̫ƻ׷ħ桢ħץסᣬϵش߶ٶȣ޽֮ȥֻҪɳ޽֮أ칬޷׷ɱǡ

գ̫ʼŭĺ
䣡
ֻͻȻӿգʮ񣬿µֻʮǿ𿪣ֻʣԭز
ұۿʼɫһһɫƣ͸ż̫ʼ
ɽ磬еǿ֮һŴ칬ԣ㶨ҵϣ
֣̫ʼ޷ǰһֻܿ񣬷Ӷֻľƣ棬һը


1631 ʬ
̫ʼڽ֮УֻһɫӰҧգ̫ʼ
ǵվɽ۷壬֮£ǿĴڣҶǺ֮㣬żˡ
Ĵ󷴿ͷ˳ߣλϴ½ȻֲΣգ赲̫ʼǲӲһ֣ͬ뿪
֮ǰʮĸ̫ʼǿ󣬶𺳣
ʱ˿̣ս޷ȥһ·ٻڰİͷ
ͬʱƺѸоٵǿߣϹ֣ǳ滨ż˹ٱǾսȹսİ񣬸ߺ滨ţǿ
ಣ
һ赲һ
ɱɱɱ
ʮ񣬴Χɳһʮһͬ߷̫ʼ
̫ʼʵڱ뺷֮ʮֹεȵĲ˼飿Ӷ˫ƣһɹ׷֮Уһȭһ񹥻
Ϸ񣬺ս̫ʼʱ·㣬Ӱ޵ؿ֮ǰ칬ըΪ׹ķ
ƣСģ
ҶϿգ̫ʼս·һԵĳħ𣬴߶ǧͼϿ
дǧͼҶȻǵģϾɽ۷ռ䣬󶼴пܱ˸Ӧٴγдڰ칬Ȼ޷⣡
ɭɭЦٺ٣ڻǻ̫ʼĶ֣õǰ߾߰ʬ壬̤񣬱Խ˺飡
ͳĸ
ɫռΧĿסͷһȻǵȻǰʬ壬ȻϤ
ͳĸ
Դ½˾ͼ̫ƻ׷ħķİЦɽ磬˭Ҳû뵽ջ칬
񷷨򣡡
ͫһɹйâΪ޾Ԫʼֵͳĸʬ塣
ͳͳӹ
ħӿٶȣȻſ죬һ⣬ħУһҲõʬ塣
ţҶһһңʬ塣
û뵽̫ʼǿѲ
һϣ滨ŵȰս֮У̫ʼǵͬˮƯ׷ױֻɣȻɢֻ֮ߵʵںȻ
ΣҲҪȫ뿪Ǳ칬ѹǶǣҲǵòʧ칬ڹռĵΣҲֻͷǿ⣡
һҲģҪ滨Žȳ
ಣ
գۣʮ񣬷׷״ǿΪһɺ̫ʼͷŵҲȲϴʱ
쵴
ôȫɲǿЦģ
һ̣̫ʼڱɱϾѣҲʶʩչͨҲ޷ܵش
޷̵ģ˫ſʮָŷڰʮָպݺݵһš
žžž
ʮָƺпµڰ֮ǰһɵԣײʱԷһɺݾȻһɰ׷׵ؽɢ
Ȼ޴棡
Ȼ󣬿ڰԿһĻоĻڷŭ顣
ֻͨ𣿡
·ѰҰʬҶȣĺȻϿĿ⣬̫ʼҶƺзһƵĵط
̫ʼֱӰѶʮ顢⣬Ȼ֮ͨҶȵз򣬶һ̫ʼ֮ʣκνӡʽԿ϶츳
Ҳʣӵеͨ
̫ʼǿ˹
Զ֮Уۣͥĸǿһţ
칬ǹ֣̫ͥʼȻǵһǿУ˿չֵͨȫ𺳣ƺҲδ뵽ԪڲðĻ̫ʼȻһվ֮¡
һǿΣ칬Ѿʧģڸ֣ǲȴҪȳ¶֮ɫ˵
شۿ֣վȻԹͥо޴İϧҲ칬˺Ƥ
ǻһȳΪɽľ˵õɽ磬ʧȥ칬ӴˣֻռݹǧǣǹͥһֱĿ꣬ٴγΪɽǿʵǾĿ꣬ҲԽԽ
ۣش侲
˻һҲ˼֮С
֮ͥʲôҲֻ
λ׼ߣ
ĺȻݣƺ뷨Ȼʼϵ󣬺֮УӿŴɫ
ʵģͨ״̬
Ǿ˺󣡣
ͷ̫ͨʼһһ֮Ȼ뼸˺󼸲
ಣ
ŴͻȻſ죬һɫŹΪһɣΪһž޴ͷſѪ죬ҧ̫ʼˡ
ߣ
ͬʱ˫չ֮Уһϸϸߣס滨żȻԵʯٶȣʮ񣬿ʼˡ
ķţ칬ױģ
һȺ롣
ɫͷҧ̫ʼˣ뼸֮ͻȻԴһ칬ʥӡ
Ȼ󡪡
ͻͻͻ
һɫ칬ޱߵܣϷӡ֮Уؽٶ޴ޱߣͷɫʥ⣬Ϊ磬ʱΨһĴڡ
칬
ǿߣ칬ֳһŴͣ𺳵ƿԡ
Ϊ칬û顣
ϴһ߰ڱõߣ
칬콵٣ѹ¡
·ռħΪһӰɳǳ
̫ˣ뿪ǧͼ
ҶҲֳ˻ΪǳâȻסħ𽥱ģʧ
칬ӴռݹɣŴ˺иˣ㣬·ɽ磬ҹͥģ
ۣͥΡΡһȻʧȥ
֣û뵽칬ȫһıɿɱ칬һ򾡡úݵֶĻ
һ
۴ֶĴӣмĸֳ칬Ŀ⡣
ֶ۵ô׶ԸȻںɽ磬Ҳ̣칬𣬼ϻô칬
칬
ͬʱٷߴ칬ͻȻصĴų칬ִߣһѷӿ
ǧ֮࣬綼칬ﶯ
칬ܿġ´޻ᣡ̫ʼ뼸ڵգһʱգ̫ʼϵߡ
̫ʼ´ξүүɱ칬ͷŤ
ڣն졢ơҶһһֳ뿪֮ʣ̫ʼͬԺ֮ȥ
ħսȴڲǻ̫ʼ֣˼硣
ͬʱһЩصǿߣ֮뿪磬Ͽ칬ִߣֿʼݺ硣


1632 ƽ
뿪

ն졢ơҶ뿪׹ķռ䣬ų磬޽֮صĸߴռ䡣
̧ͷȻһֻɫڻĹÿԺ֮ǰ𺳵һĻĻ档
δ¼ɽķ
ն쿴ˣ٣صĴĴ󷴿δж̫ˣ׷׶ܵش𣬸ȫ䣡
ʱ䣬޽֮ػһţˣֻɽ磬ڹͥʼ͸ɽ£𽥻ָƽͥҲΪɽľ칬Ȼ粻
²ᰲ̫á
ҶЦģǵõ߾߰ʬ壬ǵľ磬ͻƶѣôԸͷڹ꣬Ҳ칬ԿϹͥӲԸ칬ôɽҪһվ
˵һ󣬽ն졢Ƽͬʱðһ仰ǣ
ֵܣͻڵľ֮󣬾Ϳ濪ʼжչƻԸ칬̫ƻ׷ħ桢ʧˣǺˣǰһ˻ˣδֵı䣡
ã
ʱ˿̣ͬʱȭͷһ

һٷȻش޽֮һݶ
ϿȥҶȵһץٷ飬ֳԳħӣˣ²εȻЩиİͳǣǰһ̣ȫ칬̫ƻ׷ħոմһƻعӪأҸոյ֪ԭ칬ı
ǵȥһӪأηж̽ԳħʧҶȾͰٷϢգ¾Ҫȥһ
ֵһȥ
ն졢ƶҶȡ
ҶͷŴ߶ǧͼ˻ΪǳӰʧ
һ֮
һƬѲߵķ籩ʱգҶ֣һƬ޴ʱա
Ǵһ֣мţ̫ƻ׷ħ桢Ϊħǿߣһʵģֻ΢΢һɨ񣬽ӽ۷ʵ˲ӦӪ
ȻһӰһ󷨷ɳ
ܿͶѲߵˣԳħ
ҶпʵԳħΣ
Գħֶ£̫ƻ׷ħ桢ħ֮̾м˹ΪǻָȻܵһɧȴܿ챻ѹ˶ɢ
μ󷴿ΪλʧܣҶʳؼ
׷ħع֮ЩشӪĸȥӭӣ͸¶ʧܣΪˣҲ̵õ̫ƻħĿ϶
ˣ
Ҷ뽣ն졢ƽΪһȻйϵ
ˡ̫ˡĴΨǵΪأΪǵ䣬صġ
Գħ͸¶Ĵ󷴿֮Ƕڽз칬ļƻ޽֮شݻ칬һ֮УɵϣһͬɱƻΪ޽֮صжҲǵ˵һ칬̳֣Ҳͬ⣬žɵ˴ͷ󣬽Ȼ󹥻칬̳Ҳǵȳ֣칬ɱڲκӰӣȻ󼸴䣬Ų²йթŵȷϣһжǵ칬߻ıΪľǰз칬ڲһ򾡣
ԭˣ
ǰ
¼½࣬칬һֲ߻ȻǵӦϣԸ
μƻӵ
˵ǵ˵䣬칬ⳡıͷ侲Ľ
𣿡
˶Դ˺˽⣬ǣɽ֮У˽ˣҲûм
Ǹʲôˣ˹ԭаͳһͶ칬ʵӲ˼顣
ڱչػָʱ䣬ᴦƽ֮УԳħվ
Ȼȥעж
Ҷ߶ǧͼ뽣ն졢ʧȥ
̫Ҵ½
ƽ֮󣬾˾ĵھŲռ䡣
ֵˣҪһԣΪṩ
Ҷ뽣ն졢ڰգγһ󷨣̣Ҷߡ
˴߶Դעڵ֮С
֮ڣƯ

ҶƸԴ߶һ⣬ʬ壬Ư롣
̫⣬
˫һڲӡ⿪һ̫⣬һӡһɷ̫⣬߾߰ʬ壬ʼȼģ֨֨죬̫𣬶
𽥵أȼ뾫֮󣬴߾߰ϣӿһɴİӴޱȣںϣ֪
ն٣Ƕ١
Ҷȿˣʾ֮һΧԾԴҲںϰ֮УΪһлΨһûеǣǿԪ
ǵԪ񣬶칬ըĨɱˣ
ûԪȴ
ಣ
˿ʼհ߾ʬ壬ϵر̫⾻
Ȼģ
һ¹ȥ֮
֪նĳħȻۣƤ¶һħڲȴǹԡ
Ҫˣħϲ˷ܵ˵
ȳȥɽ٣
Ҷȼ̴߶ͨ뿪½ն죬ϲЦݣ֪ԳƵپѾնɱ󲿷ְ񣬱Ȼﵽ۷塣
˼ӿٶ
Ťʱⲿ޽֮գ
ϴ󣬿̤Ŀ齫ָֻͨ٣
Ҷȣֳͷħ񷣬Ҵ߶ڵϢû˿֮
ӣ
ͳһƬħʥγɵĽƣϢǿңʼԪ
Ƶʵһ̤񣬱Ȼվ̫ʼͥǵȸ߶ȡɽҪˣ
ҶħʵԸߵģɱģ

ǰȥ
ȻԪͷһ𣬽ڳΧҲȼһ𣬿ʼӴһ
ţٻѪԼ̵ľƻƽһ㡣
ڳͻƣҶȸ赣ģҪģǵһ£ͷŷóȥգ
Ƶʼ顣
ҶץסʱͷŷһֻˣʥѣڳħΧƵüģٴγǿۡ
ڲͬӡӡ·һɫԷж
ϴ󣬷Ȼ޵ڵɵʣȫѾ֮£ʵﵽ۷壬߶ҵۣҲ濹⣬Ȼɸնɱ󶼲⣡
ֹȥˡ
ϣüģۿʼҡΣϢ
һϢԣһɵϢˣɱΪһ


1633 ն
ʽ̤
ڵĸ߶ͨںκεʣոֱ̤Ӵﵽ۷壬ۣʵ
ǡ
ǳħǱͲˣһĻ
ϴ˭ȥһˣδʧħѾһ޷ӣӵۣһ޵еģ
ҶȿЦΪΣԸ칬ͥǵ;ɵģҪƻƻ
ٺ٣
Ƽſ죬ȻؽдԪ
ɽ绹ֹ
ȻûУҶҲ̾磡
ˣҵýȥ
ҶûȥܳƣȻﵽôٶȣԽκˣӲýȥ
Դûж塣
Ƭ̣ҶȾͻص֮С
հԴһɨչڵʵѾʼ̤۷壬ն죬̫Ѿڿʼѹٴ֮һɽٽˣ
޷֣κ֮󣬶ﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ֵ֮УΨն졣
ϹżԪںһ񽣵Ĵڡ
ƣ磬صĿ񽫣ǱĻٶȣûжơ
ҶȣӵĴУʮǿİ֮ûκѡ
Ψն죬ĿǰΪֹնֻгԽơҶȵĴ˴ߣʵֻһš
ţע뽣ơҶ֮켣ʼ췭ظı仯
ˣЩ꣬еˣ׷׵õ޴ĻԵռڣӵԪĳȻԪɽǿߵĴУһЩУһһһںϣ
֮УҶȲעƵԼ̫Ҵ½Լ״̬
˲֪ȴҶԺ
Ĵ񡭡ֶԪаʡĿˣýʯ̻̤֮񣡡
ɾ³̤١ҲǣٻҲһ٣̫Ҵ½ʵһһ䣬ȥ̫Ҵ½ɳΪɽĴ
һ˽֮ҶȸоһƬ
ϴնҴﵽһ۷壬ôͻƶ٣ڲʲô⣬ʣµ֮ҲԽҲ١ڣҶѾоﵽһ۷о
ͻƣ
ಣ
Ȼ˫һϣֹͣ
Ҷȼæʵ磬ôˣ
ĵЦһϢӵƮأ̤ҵʵͽӽ۷壬ôԪȻ̤۷壬չ˷ѣǼӿٶȣ
ϲ磬̤ɽͷУΪˣҶ̲֮סϲ
û㣬Ҳûô죬̤Ⱦ磬ҳȥܣУ֪ڵңǲĶ֣
ݵĴЦգʧȥ
ߴ廹ʣ֮һ
кܶ࣬ҶѾٵϣ
ֹ˼죡
ͻȻһֱն죬üģֳԪ񵶵ĵٿȻۣ˫ͫǵݺ᣺ֵܣҲҪ̤ˣ
Ҷһ̴߶ͨն뿪Ťʱ֮ա
ң뽣գһͬ߿ա
˲Ƭ֮նǰʩչ磬ͷȼյĵ棬ȻճһЩԪ
֮Ҳʼ٣ȼն
ΪʱҶϴ߶ں֮УʼΪն죬ڵɵʣնϷ𣬿ʼ
ϣɽ֮һʧɣɵʱƳ壬ͻΪ˻档
֮նɹԪ񵶣ʼ÷𣬽һʼںϡ
̤ʵֻ̤ΡҶ𽥵ջطѾʼ̤ն죬׿նʵ߶ȡ
ΣͨУϻ̤߾硣
磬ǺúÿһȥУ
ȻնͻƳɹôҶҲҪʼ
һͻص֮ڡ
ʣ²֮һȴҶգ߶޼ɵ
ʵ˿ʼһ̣Ҷڿ⻺ٶȣýն졢ոһʼȫգȻӰ쵽ͻơ
ʱ˿̣Ͳأա
İϵؽҶȵľ֮УӣǶҶ˵ǲȫգﵽһ۷塣
һ룬ﵽһ۷壬Ҫôڶ٣Ҫʮ
˼飡
ˣԪƺҶҪ
ã˰ɣ
ȻܾҶȼգѾӦһӯ״̬
Ӫ
ħΣ
һ֮УشͨǬ߶ԴԴϵħעħڡ
ħһЦ⼸£лȫڸоˣֻϧڰ׷ħ̫ƻǰ¶ʵ
칬أʮ˴룬Ʊȷħǿĵͳĸˡ
Ƿħȴ
Ȼأ˺ܶ࣬Ȼʵ
Ǭջعվһ£˿ұΪɱ˴󲿷ִߣ˭뵽칬ȻӦ԰취
һжڱħҲֹͣС
ǺǿߣʣȻֻһݲȻֵõһǿ߰
̫ƻ׷ħ֮ʣֱӳ֣ѹħ˫˸âǶ䡣
ѹǣҾ͵ôĻĻǰҿɲ֪ҵĴڣӲ룬ȥ⣡Ǭҡҡͷ
ħ˫ͫѵڵ㣬֣
ȻǣҾǱѹûмֻǼУұ㱻ѹҪٵǿߣԸпܣͥķĩǰмҺڵʱƣӦûῼˣ
ĩվȻ·һ
Ƕ󣬻ô໥֣Ԫȥ˶ల£ҡѶɽ磬ûʲô뷨ص磬ĩ࣬ӦȫѰһصķ
ô죿ܵش˭ȥԸ칬
Ѿ޷ʰû˶Ը칬ͥҲ֣дˣʵǿ˶ˣȴֻˣ칬һըҶҪܵӰ죬Դ𲻻䣬̫ƻ׷ħ棬Լ̫ǡȻиķߣ
Ǭı˵ֿħ˲ȻΪĵɿȥԸ칬ɣȵʱ򣬱ȻԳ֣
׷ħǸΪһֱӣȴ֪ʶá̫ƻҲǸԸļһԸǣҵаգٺ٣ʵڲУӲģҪǳΪԸ칬ڻң
ħЦ


1634 ̤
̫Ҵ½
ڣ
ˡ
߾߰ʬ壬ѾΪ߾߰׹ǣһҶδգΧѾһֿռ״̬
һӡ˲һ뿪
Ťʱ֮⣡
ֵˣ
ն졢ƣշж˲Ϣ߿գͬʱҶҲΪһ⣬ǰոճ֣һѹƣֱ֡
ˣ治ˣĵܣһͻƶ٣ʵͻﵽ۷壡дϲЦ
Ҷȵ٣Ҫ٣
˵֮Ҷȳŵһǰգն졢ƶܿΪҶҪ١
ٵǿ޷µġ
ͷžԷȻһ̫¯ʼȼգںС
ʱҶȿʼͷԼϢңԶŤʱգǬ𡢹ͥԼ칬֣Ƿ֣Ѿнնƣϻ񣬿κ˶⡣
ȻֻҪࡢĩ
ͷ֮󣬰֮Уس˽ƣûԪ¡ڷڶĽ
硢硢׵硭㼯ڽ֮УٴȻȻĻ
䣡
γɴƬֱŤռΧ
ǰҶȾԲ̫Ҵ½ڵŤʱգѡɽ٣ɽٴϢ
ڣˣʵֵܵʵѴﵽɽ۷壬˭ˣҲ塣
֮󣬺󷽵Ľն졢ƣ̧ͷƵƣں֮С
һУһУ˲Ϣ仯
һ޴磬н٣ʼףֱף˼ľ޴󣬶һ٣ﵽ˰ΪٸܵҶȵʵȻҪǿ״̬Ҷȡ
˿ֲ磬𺳺֣ɵĺ䶯̫Ҵ½ʿҲˡ
վ̫Ҵ½ԶԶ񷣬һڽٵ磬ƣǸе
ֵˣСģ
磬ȫ٣ٶ£󷽵Ľն졢ƶ΢΢ЩģϾǿ٣ɲǿЦġ
ԷڵҶȣĲգǵȾ޴磬ܴ飬ֻܽзһٵĴ٣ࡣ
ͻͻͻ
ݺ£߿գѹѹԷȻʼΡ
䣡
ಣ
ͣ
磬ǺݺѹסԷȻת֮ȫޣһڰԷ
ţµٷ籩ת֮˺ķΰĴ˿ֲҶһѪڷڡ
磬תĥԷΣҲʼ飬
䡭
ڣԷ£ˣ֮ʼҶȵҶ֮Ƥ΢΢ıɫѪ˿ٷա
ͻͻͻ
ҶѾʹ֮мţû뵽ǣڶ٣ڶ磬ȻΪ޴磬һͬ׹䣬ٶ
ֲ
ΧֶĿתΪҶһ亹
ڶ磬һδʧǰ£һںϣΪһΪ޴籩
ۣ
ڶ籩׹һٷ籩ʱײֱ֮·ҶȣһѪ
ںһ壬ǿޱȣҶڵΧ籩תӿ£ٶԽԽ죬ƤѾʼ˺ѣ¶Ѫ⡢
ָ
Ҷɺ򾲣֮ǰһѪȻЦݣ٣߶ڵʮ٣ϵػָٴδ߶Թγɼ̵ķ赲Χ
޷籩Կ١
Ե֮󣬿ʼҶȣ赲֮Ȼһδ飬ҶȴԼ̵ϵ
ܶʼȻٵʼʧ
ϴɹˣС˼С˼ħĴЦΪ֮ʧ˵ҶѾɽٳɹ
ն죬Ҳ˿
˿̣Ťʱո߿֮УԱߣֶ۵Ӱ˳
ϲ·ȻԱߣҲһŮӰξ
ʦʦܱԤ֮Уһ̤٣ơʦܽ٣ʵѾҲ£ϲʦֵһ޵еӣξɷ˵
ֶۺմմϲȼƽ˵һжԼŬõģ֮ǰڹ¼Уðյõʬ壬ͻƶ٣ڻ̫ʼƤ£Ϣõʬ壬Ѳ򵥣
ʦ¿԰ʦ˰ɣ
ʵһֱڰΪʦΪһδεط칬ЩεİΪʦиҪشΪʦģʱȻﵽΪʦĴæ
ֶ΢΢һЦȻһֱۣͲˡ
ξͣƬ̣һݾϲҲ뿪߿ա
ʧ𣿡
еҶȣ߶ԷͲˣΧ٣籩ڼһжʧˡ
صϴ
ȻһԪΪ棬ӽ֮нٶ
߸ҶȣƤͷκεһУʼȼգƤΪһֽͬƬȼհѪ֮Уϵȼգǵ𵤡ҲȼգڵɵʣѾûˡ
߶棬ȼʾڵǰ֮壬ǳԽ˰񣬴ﵽ󣬼ûκεɵʣʵѾ۷塣
Ӵˣ̫ͥۡʼ̫顢Ǭǰľͷͬ߶ȡ
ͣ
治ȼգΪҳҶȣֻ뵤𵤴ڣȻԷٵϴʼѪڷڣϵصѪ⡣
һ̣̤١оٴѱ䣬һ磬˻ޱ޼ʣһȫͬҺ䣬ȡ޽֮ص
飬ҶҲԶٵĸй٣ӦߡߡʣҲǿ֮࣬УֵӰ˲٣ӵңԶ
ߣҶ΢΢߶޽֮أоκεѹ
ףݺɽˣǺεȵǿߣֿտоôΪߣ˴ﵽ뾳磬û˿סĲ
̫ˣߵǿڹҲûκεѹֻڼԪ֮УŻӵѹֻᵮЩɽ¼ߣʩչӵԶޱߣ
𽥵ģʧҲˣҶվĿԪʧȻȥ
ҲûпµȻϢڷڣһ𽥹ƽ
ֵܣϲϲ
ն졢ΧΧҶȣһӵӺһ̣ɽ۹⡣
ӴˣˣڿЦ£κ£üɵ
Ҷȿˣ𽥰ͻƶ٣оȱ٣ǾȽ䣬ԴԴϵԣǵѿԣȻ𽥼Ԧԣﵽĸ߶ȣȥ磬ܳԽһ󣡡


1635 ǿ
߶䣬ֵ̽УԿռС
Ҷƣն죬޷ɵؼԦԣֻܻȡٶȼţ࣬ˣҶȸıŨȣնٶȣŲ
˸оʹ֮УĴԣҲɽ磬˲ŵһĻκΰ񣬿¶޷˴ԡ
õԻ䣬ڵŨȣԽߡ
ûо֮ΨԵŨȡ
ͨڲɵʣӵеҲʮֱҶˣͨӵеԣǿʮҶƣﵽٱ
ٱ
ʹҶƵʵһǿٱ
̫
̳֮ϵҶȣʼͨﵽ٣Ҫﵽȸ߶ȣÿξͻƣġ
̫޼˻סײʮٵ֮޽塢ɹеͷβһ飬Ȼﵽʱٰںϲ֮С
֮УȻֳӰ
йУҶҲעڱ仯Ͳ˵ˣԽ˰ѪҲԽκεİȻ̫һҲӵľ֮УֳӰԴߵ
ս𵤡½ҲӼ̣޵ӰڰӰŽ֮Уͬػߡ
Ž𵤣ݵĸо
һ飬ʼȥ˼ǧꡣ
Ϊﵽ٣ҲӦøĪ⣬ҪУҪ
ϧ컯ȭδﵽʽ
ʼҶҲϸϸζо飬ջҲʧȻκ鶼ʮȫʮ
ū
߷գۣޱ飬һҵĵūԿзԾʵﵽĵūǿҶǰʵʵ
ȻĮľںƺӵһʶ
յƲԵӵвÿڵ֮ϣ
֮䣬õĿƣҶֱӻū
ūûиˣҲûж飬ӹƣֱӴڣȻ뿪һߣʼڻơ
ǵʵԽ˵ūʮˣһһﵽ񣬶ʮ֣ҿܶǶ֡ǵľӡڲѣǵѪһҪԸĩ࣬˿Уĵ̣
һɨԶԿռ䣬һֱеĶʮˣҶȳοЦݣ뵶ūУǿĵ̡
תӴԺ̫Ҵ½ѰһˣƽʱУͶתڣ´ᳬԽΪɽָķ
ʼзҶȣһɨӵеķƸ˵ūڤ򰲷̫Ҵ½֮Уɻپƿء
ӵе֮УаģȻָ
ת鶦ħʥѾҶûжİת鶦޷ҶҲ͸ˣǴ̫Ҵ½Ϊʿṩת
˴㣬߶ת鶦һɾ޴֮ڣȻ߶֮ת鶦ֱӷҽģúøӡת鶦
̫Ҵ½оڤת鶦ڤǹԿµת鶦ֿṩԴپ̫Ҵ½ĵ̣޴ɱȣϹͥܡ
Ŀǰʣµ䡢̷ƽ黹оǲ֮ǰõĳԪ
̷ƽǺͨģ̷Ҷȥ磬ᳬԽǧͼʱΪҶٶȵ̣ƽ飬ԳΪҶʱõķ
ھ䡢ԪԪʹõģԳ䵱ɱе̣ӵ㹻ҶȽȥ磬ݺ۳ҡ
ڴڣдЩҶȽˡ
˫㡭
Ǽȥ֮ҶȿʼַӴ˫㿪ʼȻ컯ȭ֮ȵȷ
ĻɫȺʼҶȲת޴󣬻κ⡣
ɽ磬һǿ֮У

ʮˣǱ޽֮أɽ硣
ɱ
󷽣ӿٸ֣УһٶͷŹˣˣ׷ɱǰЩˡ
ֻһṦЩˣ׷ױնɱ
ͥ
ۣ⼸꣬ɳһصɽĲͬ󲿷ѱʣµˣ޽֮أ
ߣżϹŶոս֮ͥУϷش۹
޽֮أ棬칬ʧ֮󣬾ɽ޽֮أǾҹͥ£ϴˣ޽֮أնɱκηҹͥˣӦ
شΡ˵ֶ꣬һǧȥﷴϴα칬ش⼸һֱ֮Уˣȴһɴ
ǣ
ߴϹŶ¡
̫飬㲻ҹֱͥ칬ѹöزأҿ̫ˣη칬ҹͥһͳɽ磬ȻҪǺһͬɱ칬
ش𽥻Ϊһɽɽģʧڹ֮С
磬칬֮С
ಣ
ֻ󷨣칬ʱգոǰ󷨣һǳ֮УһڱϵӰǸӡ
ӷƮ޶ɣֻ֮ţɹḶ́޲һֻ꾭ӪġһԿ뿪ⱻ磡
ϲɴԸ̫ʼʩ
ʱ䣬ɽƱزᰲ뷨ĩʱ䶼࣬׼ò࣬ˣҲã죬ص磬ɽ磬ֻбһˣо԰뿪ɽ硣ʣһʱֻҪͥɱ칬ȥᣬҲ໨ʱУ粻ͬɽ磬ֻߣûʵȥ磬Ҳᱻͨ󣬲ͷϣ
ף
ಣ
űʧǳ롣
硭ôңԶ̫ʼֶתһֻصزΧ
̫Ҵ½֮⣬Ťʱա

Ť֮㣬ͻȻӿһȭӡӲͬ򣬺һȻռ䣬ʼ飬·Ťռ俪ʼ˶ʧȥŤ֮
ˣ̫Ҵ½ڵŤʱգΧŤʱʧϵ
ţΧʱ飬ʣ̫Ҵ½
Ѿ˵
̫Ҵ½ڲĴˡɲŮ¹ùãĵӰϵһŤʱգУ˾Ϊˡ
ܵٶȣҪЩҪ׷ˣ
һһƿգ̫Ҵ½⣬ֳƮݵĽ
Ӱֱ֣ҶƣһӰһն졣
Ҷȿ̫Ҵ½ʱգЦ¿ȥһɽ磡
칬ԿǼȭһĦȭƣӴﵽѾɽ硣
ħӢһЦȫĻȭͨ״̬Ӧòһȭ֣һȭӦÿԴ칬Ȼ˵ֻͨ칬̳
նҶȿ񷣬Ŀȶɽ磬ǿģ


1636 ֮
Ǻǿ󡭡ҪƵ칬ɹʻǺܴ󣡡
һ仰ͷϵն졢ơҶȲδ˶á
ǰ
ҪƷ칬ѣ
̫ƻ׷ħ桢ĸǵɽ磬ǿĴڣ϶ʮǧߣȫ
ңʮ칬ֻ֮һ칬֮࣬ͷβδ󷴿ʧء
Ҷˣж
˶ԼĳĬ
Ȼ䣬ڰ֮еҶȣӱ侫⣺ˣ뵽ǿ󣬱˵һ칬ټһͥ⣡
ºִڣնЩ˼顣
ѵֵ˵
ȴ뵽ʲôϲҶȼ򣺡ʥ磬ΪǿߣĴ𣿡
ϴ󣬾ǵУɴ۵СħҲ뵽ʲô¶治ѵĿ⡣
ǿĿ⣬ҶȵͷʥĿ磬Ұش۵һʥ磬ѹ磬ɣұࡢĩֻϧ֮У֣󷨣ǶԸ칬ˮɣ
һվѵɽ磬гԽߵĴڣ취ãֵʵѾûκΰ֣һԣ
ǾȥԣҲԼʶ󡯣նƶ¶Ŀ⡣
ʥ磡
ҶĴһ֮󣬴߶ǧͼֱӰˣ˻Ϊǳâʧȥ
ʱգ
ǳ֮⣬һƣʥ磬Ҳ޷ǳ֮⣬ɵش硣
ʥ磬ĴڣѸӦҲˣ
ǳ⻷ȥҶ뽣ն졢Ưʥ֮Уԣ档
Ҷǰʥɽۣ֮ǹ֮УЯּٸ֣ڿĥԿռ䡣
̤٣ҶڿԸӦĴڣУǰ޷׽Էټ
Ӧ֮Уۣδһ£ֱͷǿ֮ͨ⼸λǣ
ҶȽܵҵֵܣֿɲԣԿռ󷨣
û뵽ʵѾﵽͬĸ߶ȣԱˣֻһˣʵ΢΢һЩ
񻺻վּƴΪӰʧڹ
ಡ
ԿռϿգҶֳͬʱҲֶһ߳ȭ򽣡ն졢ʩ񣺡ڴ˴ˣлλĺ⣡
ÿʾ⡣
ء
ٿ֮䣬һӰӣͻȻʹԿռ䣬ҶҼ֮ϡ
ޣ
޳˲ٰ˶޵ٶȣ𺳵ЩëħޣʱЦ
ԴȣȻҪ󣡡
ҶȸޣȻ񣺡ˣոʵﵽȸ߶ȣԽɽ磬ôĥ˳֣Ӧûмգ
Խ̫£һķ޷״磬һӣֻԶᡭһԾ֪ˣ
л⣬Ȼǰһͷ֡
ն졢ơҶҲǰǰԿռϷ
ಣ
һ㣬ֻһɾյ£պϷֳһ㡣

˼̴߶ǿơҶȵʵ˿µİ۷壬гԽ֮ƣնں֮˵ڿ޷ƣʼ
ּۿ죬һµں֮Ȼ˱žƶ˺ϻ֮㡣
ˣϻжôǿһԻ칬̳
ûκˣֵܵ˿µ
ʥ磬˶һš
֣˫ͫĿתؿϻ֮Խؿ㣬Ƴգ»Ŀռš
䣡
ϻ֮ͻ棬ײ뱬ը̾磬ھһζĦҡ
䣡
ײֱӰΧɢҶˣҲоƺʧˣײ㣬ҡҡ׹һ㡣
Ȼʧ㾹ȻһҲûУټԿռ䣬ֻϢɢˡ
˶ѣ
Ի칬̳ȴ޷Կռ䣿
ڵһֱ޷š
лλ⣬ǵʵѾﵽɽ۷壬پһЩٶЩ֣˵ԻԽ磬ڲУ
룬һӱ󣬴ɢ
ޣȥɣԡ
ҶȺʧ䣬ն졢ҲĬ֧׳־֪ӭһˮھҸطȥ
ͬҲ֪Ϊ
Ĭһᣬ˪ӣ뿪ʥ硣
λ˻ģԺҲ¾ͲԶͣ
뿪ʥ磬Ҳش
Ưڻʱ֮У˺Ѿûжв뵱ҶȸոܻҪɵҾȸ֡
ˣֿɽ緽һ̾ǻкܳĲ࡭ȻƻУֻ취ĵܣǰʵҷ񶨣ݣټӳͷ֮ӳķߣڵ㣬ʵﵽǰĵزʵԸҲǽҪƻ
һΣ󷴿δģڸǽȥնҲͬ飬Ҷȼ
뷨֮ǰԺȻҶ޳ɣǺãǸٴɽʱˣ
ҶУȻŷ֮⣬һ̣վԱߵĽն졢ƣͷųƣ춯ҲΪ
Ϣһͥȥɢĵܣѡط뷴߻ɣһ⡣
Ҷ΢΢ףͶϻ°ɣ
ϻ£
һ
Ƕϻ£Լ֤ͷأ޷ӪȣĵЦЦۿ΢΢ʪȻˣȸһϢɢȥȣº󣬶ϻ£Σ
պҲ׼һ£
Ҷ̴Ӧˣն졢ҲûȻĿͽȥ
նתˣͣƬ̣뷨ֵܣҲݻصڣڶϻ£ҵʱŵڶеԴЩ羪֮ķߣ
½¼ȷ
ʱҶͷů֪նΪ룬Ϊڷ˵κη紵ݶǾǴ翼ֻܵǵһڷۻʽ칬ΪУԵӰ޷󣡡
ʲôһΪɽΪҸҲͬģڵʿûģ
ն켴̾ʹݶȥ
ϴҲȥˣϢ߶϶߾϶߾϶ڳͷ֮磬Ӫȳģٺ٣ֵܣֿҪһ£ħҲаЦݣ˵ʧȥ
ҶԻص̫Ҵ½
£ϻ£ʵﵽ۷壡
֮ҲʹŰ¡
ˣ
һٷŤʱգȻ̫Ҵ½ʥϿգֶҶȣ飬Գħˣոյ֮ڶϻ£·ߵҪϢϢڲϵɢ
ж죡
Ϣ֮Ҷֻ΢΢Ƭ̡


1637 ۵Ļش
֪ϢħǬй֪Ǭ֪ҵĶ֮󣬻ʲô뷨жأ
ҶȰٷϢȫӡԶ뵽һµĵˡ
Ǭ
£ǰϡ֡
ڳͷ֮磬СҶȣǬǰ϶㲻ϣǵãǬţζ
̤٣ҶȵʵѾﵽԽĸ߶ȣɽ磬ѾӽĴڣ̫ʼۣͥҲܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ӵѪؼмԦԵͨ
ߣûһȵġ
ֺ֪ηƫƫ֪鷳ȥ㡭
ΡΡһЦҶȱصʥ󷨣ʼ̷ӡ֮д𣬿֪Ϣһ˯žͥ칬˵Ҳа취Ϣ
ϻ£һδ֪δ֪Ҷȶģһ鷳Ĩ
ಣ
Ťʱ֮⣬ٻӰ
ֶξ
˸ոս̫Ҵ½ʱգ˾̾뾪ϲЦݣƺδ뵽ҶȶԵԭ
ʦ𣬴ʦ㣬ôˣ
˸ոһҶȾͻΪһ磬̫Ҵ½ڲɶգֶۡξ档
ξ񣬼Ҷȵһۣ־ϲ
ҶģҲһֿǰ𶯵״̬
˵ǰҪ͸ξΪһֲܣڣҶȲξΪ
Ĵʦ㣬ֶһӣΪȻʹﵽ˰۷壬ʵȻ޵и߶ȡ
ڿ͸ξʵ뾳磬ҶҲξУȻأȴԽԽӽܡ
˼顭
Ҫ͸ֶۣҶȴ֣ģֶһƬ飬ȫû˵ϢԼκεľ磬ƺΪѲ˵ĸ߶ȡ
˴𰸣Ҷȵ顣
ֶ۵ʲôΪ
ɽ磬ۡشۡشۣǰڣ䣬ˡ΢߶ֻǰ񣬼ŵĻ̫ʼ̬Ҳܴﵽֶޡ
ȫûо磿
ѵ
ҶԺͻȻֵ֣ٴôľ
ʵξΪһ۾Ϳˣֶۣ
󡭡
Ҷȼ̷֮ǰǸʵ뷨ʣݣԪδ˽磬Գ½ûκˣΪ󣬺οֶۣŵ꣬ôܣﵽ󣿡
ΪΨн硣
ֶȻǿ󣬵ΪͷŶꣿȥ磬ԣ
ۣΪޣӵʲôķʲôʣ
ʣ
ҶһֶĸоǿԽֶΪΪˡ
ֶƺҶЩ׺͵˵ʵѾʦΪȴ޷͸ΪʦΪΪ˶ɻǲǣ
ʦӢ
˿̣Ҷȹһʵڻ
жֶѣȻﵽڵĸ߶ȣɻǾֶкܳľ롣
һŮӣʵκķڷ
ΪʦҲý֪֮ͣģ
ֶЦݣû뵽֣ܴĵӣĪԵ֣ڵ㣬ѾɽࡢĩЩˣûпĶ֣ڿʼ£
Ϳʼݣж˰ɣ
˵һԵξ񣬴ֵĿ⣬һҶȡ
ʦ㣬ʦҲֻ뾡ԼķʽԸ칬Ҷ΢΢һξȻžη
Ů˲ǣŮˣǡ
ֶԿһִۣЦݶҶȶʦ㣬㿪Цڵĸ߶ȣΪʦҲԸܶ飬ʲô⣬ʱǣ룬󲿷⣬ڶԸ𸴣
⣡
һɲǣûзӦΪû뵽һ㣬ΪֶξͻȻ̫Ҵ½Եʡ
֮ҶȻָ侲ģƽʵڵں໨Ŵ۵ıסûˣԪȥ磿
⡭Ҳܴ㣬֮ǲܵģΣֵֶƺû뵽һ⣬˵ݡ
ҶȸӲ죬⣬жѣ
ҲڲףҲδĳһ죬ֶѾ𰸡
뼸λֵܣľͷƷ칬𣿡֮ǰ⣬Ҷֿʼʳµ⡣
ûԥƷ칬Ҳնɱ̫ʼԼκιҪһĴۣȻ󡭡޷ģ
ǿɽ磬ѵܵѹƣ
أ֮ΪʦΪĩ޷ԸҲܣ
۹ںδҶȽʵ
칬֮УҲشܹϡ
ͥΪλᰵ˵֮ͥǷĩôĩȥİ취
֪ͥڰԪһֱѰһЩء˵ֻ֮һ֣оԴȵȵ֮ռԭ򣬷·ҪʲôǿͨĴڣ壬ҾͲˣĩڹӪأȻ֪ںδȴһֱδȥӴ
Ҷһ֪ͥһЩܣʣʦڹнİ취
⣬ֶҲδԥΪʦм񣬶ǰѰһɶѷ죬Ѿͨһξ룬ǧŬǼпܣڼԪ֮ĩͨͨ磬Ķʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦ֣︨Ϊʦ
ô칬𣿡
ʳ֮ǰҶȺˡ
⣬ƶ޷شҶֻǱһʵ̬ȡ
ֶ۵Ļشˡ
ȻûаԥͿڽ𣺡ȻԻشκˣ޷𰸣ΪʦԺȷĸ㣬칬ȷнİ취ƺڻŬ֮УʲôʱɣΪʦ˵ϣҲ죬Ҳ졣ٱǾ̫ʼ˹ЩͶ칬ˣΪ칬ŵǽ磬Ͷ𣿡
칬н취
ʵЩͻأҶŵ֮Уֶ۲¿Ц
ԡʵġ
̿ˮҶȻڼӿ֮У⣬Ϥ̫ܣʳһһֱ֪Ĵ𰸣ʦΪǬһֱֶ죿
⡭ֶۻشξͻȻ˶ۡ
ƺ֪𰸣غʲô
ξ쳣ľٶҶȳǿҺ档
ֶۻһЦؿҶȣ⣬Ҳܻش㣬ڵʵǬˣҪԸҲһĴۣѾ޷ٶ㹹вˣýˣͺúð뷨ȥжɣɽ㣡
ҪʦඣҶȹʩһ⣬ǰڣ޷õ𰸡
ʲô£һʱ֪ңžͲˣ
ξҲһ仰Ȼֶʧȥ
⣬ҵõܶõϢҸо۹ڱؾƵġ
ȥҶȺþòŻعƺһжЩʵһΪõĴ𰸣̫⡣


1638 ϻ£Ӣ۾
칬
Ȼӵнİ취ֲô˹ڣ칬̫ʼҲ¡
һвûԭġ
ֻʣҶȣֶξ񣬷·Ƶģþ޷ع
ϻ£սᣬΪµķ㣬ΣһҪƷ칬
ʱ֮ҶȲŻص̫Ҵ½
ʥ֮УҶ񷣬˫մһӡݹλԳͷ֮ķѣ̾½¼֮ɽ練ܴܵҲҪģͥϣٴ̤ϣҶ֧֣
ΪһصϢַƬӿ޽֮ذ˷ա
޽֮ңԶһա
ಣ
һֺľͷŷ籩ֳǸ«ҫۣһˡ
˹ޱȵʵʦ½һۣѻָȫʢ
û⣬ؽ౦˵صƶʲôֺػش
½¼ǰù¼˵칬ֶΣν᲻᣿
ü֮ϣһ˿ġ
ؽ౦е˫ۣؿһˣ޽֮أΪʦһʱ;ؽɽδķȻͥǧ꣬һֱ칬ЩĿõģΪʦǣ
ؽ֣Ŀ漰ʱ
ԽһƬգȻ䣬ǰһЦ
ţһȻȴǰ𣺡뿪ͷ֮֮ǵȷúúþ۾ۣ
ϼ֣֡
˴ˣٿƿն֣ǰ¶޵Ӱ˵ձȭֿʺ
ǵӳͷ֮磬ӳͷ֮ϼ
˹֮һֱչأţʲô壿ҲԸһѡ񷨣
ͷվһ֮󣬴˷գȻʼ
˿̣һصʱա

һȺˣǧ֮࣬һڷɽ硣
Ϊ׵ļˣǽ괨ӳͥľӢɽ粻ãһɽ֣ƣһƬ⾻ȴǳɽʱա
ɽ룬һ£ΧƯһյɽ
ϻ£
ɽķӢ칬ѹ֮£䶯ɽ硣
Ҳɽ˺Ҳѹ칬ִߡ
λֵܣܰѿΧӭӰ˷ˣ
շΡ볤Х֮
һǧͥķߣɢڰ˷֮С
ΧĿǰ޴£ۿ΢΢ʪȻȻһЦһӣΧ׷ʧȻΧһЩʯϵػ㼯Žһѹ¡һΪһ޴ƽ̨㳡
ˣ
㳡ʹžϲתɽա
ǰգͥĸ֣֣Ȼһ󷨣γ̣ͨնʹԫաλ緢ؽϻ¡
ǰӭӣһʩ񣺡ĺãĺãֵܣ
һ棬ȻΪʵҲﵽȻŵİ߶ȣףΡΡ˵ɽ£ǲȱҵڵӰӽʼ칬ΪУҵҲ˺һ
նһЦݣ磬ʲôʱʲôȻ˺һ£ȫͬվ칬

ԱߣͻȻ֣󷽼ڸ֣ٻһ죬ȻѪ֡ꡱ
ɼ֣ΧƯɽ֮ۡ
Ҳ
Ȼ䣬һǿŵأֱӴΧ񷣬ͻͻؽٶ
ˣͥҲˣˣ
ţһٶǵƣȫͬͷʯ̣³磬ֻħ𡢶߾һ˸֣ϻ֮ڡ
߾𣡡
ͥķߣǵڵĸ֣߾ĸĿ࣬ž֮ġ
ˣǳԽĴڣһվɱ칬ķš
֣
תŹ㳡룬ָһһλֳΧҲԲελȻ뵶ڡ˵ĸ֣룬£ħҲ˵Ĵ죬ϻ¡
ڣ
ͥ
ˣ
һɽһɽںһȫԴзߵǡ
ն졢ǰԱǶ߾
Ƭ֮ͥ𾴴£ƿն
񣡡
ϻ¸߿յĹ㳡֮ϣи֣׷𺳡
ֻΪҶȣһѩ׳ۣߣŵūġˡɲŮ¹ùáֶ񣬷㳡
վӭӣҶ뵽ˣôͷһʵ
Ҷȴͷ뽣ն졢Ƶͷʾ֮Աͷʩ񣺡ǰ߾ǰ
Ҳи֣һһͷ
ţ룬ͷֱ࣬ȷ߿ʼ
һݴžĶϻ£ƺ޷ֵܡ֪жٷǰж˼ǣ
ж٣ûһֵܣȻɱҶȵĻشնѣ͸ֱǰġ
ˡͥڡ̫Ҵ½ĴںϣѾںϣǿ󣡡նҲͬҶȵ˼
ħһѱаȻЦٺ٣ǻ칬𣿾࿹⣬ֵܣҲԴӦɱ࣬칬𣿡
λˣ
Ȼ䣬ԱߵĶ߾ϢԱǿ
ϼؽ౦ۡзҩɾǿԪ񣬷񷣬ҶȾͼڿϻ¡
ңΧҲִķߣھۼ
Ҷ̰Ϣֵ߽ͥܣʼӭһߡ
ͻͻͻ
գۣ𷴿ܣֱӽٶ
ϼؽ౦ۡһǿʵˣֻǺ󷽵ķҩɾԵСˡ

Ҷ뽣վܹӭλǰ
ˣȺλн½ҲǴæ˶񣡡
ͷٿȻٶ
߾վѣ࣬ʮػӭӣλһ
֣
ϼؽ౦߾ӭӣһλ붫ʱ˶ԵøˣɴۣΪǿ죬Ȼķ𾴡
ҲԵúȻ֮󣬲ſʼɡ
ڴˣ
ͥڴˣ
ڴˣ
ڴˣ
ӭλֵܣ
ն졢ơҶͬʱվĴͷź˷Хһ
ܿ죬зˣϻ¡
ͥˣ
찡˾Ȼţ
еڣڿɽ
ķˣԳͷ֮磬ķˣҶ룬ϻ£һɽ𶯵Ĵ죬ÿУܵѹƵĳ

߾𣡡
ȵȣж˹Ȼˣ
ǧˣִͥ죬㳡ǰʱһǰĴһܵ𺳡


1639 ֶӣҶ
ô෴˵Ҷ뽣Էɳ㳡Ͽգȭʩӭһ˽ϻ¡
Ϊв˸ӵķģҶȻû꣬ڳͷ֮жʱʹõò
ȻһпЧ
һԳͷ֮ˣĸı֮󣬴УҲɣȽ㳡Χ
ˣҲٳٻ׷׼ӿٶȡ
ҶȣҲδص룬ǼƯڶϻϿգӭһˡ
ԽԽ࣬տʼֻһǧǧ˿ʼӿﲻһеһЩ
죡
ˣ۹㳡֮ϣ֣ͥӴҶ뽣Ȼæķӭˡ
֣û뵽ĵӣɳ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ϻڵ񷾡ͷһֱڸ·
ֶۣżΪЦݣʵҶ޷͸ˣ
һ԰΢΢Ц¶ѵõЦݣӣһֱصעĶһﵽ߶ȣҵ֮⣬Ҳ֮У˵ǽϣϣ٣Ѵﵽ֮£ʵǽ٣ٶͨﵽ٣Ҳʱ䣬ʱ򡭡˵ࡢĩᱻնɱ
Ѿɽı̬ڣû뵽ӡ
̾Ϣ֮󣺡ǸӣȻҵ֣ĵӣǲ̫Զˣ֣ǽʱ䣬ǰˣ칬ܰѹõİ취ôɽľͷϣˣ
ɽ磬ͿЩ˱ְɣж߾ϼؽ౦ЩͷƷ칬嶤£ΨһҪĵģ࣬󡭡
ɫһʹâʼţҶҪ棬࿹⡭
΢΢һػ֮Уһͬ飬ۣ㻹濹⣿
ûУֻж޾ɱ
ֶ۳Ĭˡ
ʦǰ
ἰһЩл⣬˵ʲôʱҶȵȻ·ݶ
ĸӦһֶ۵ĴڣȻ˷ˣһ漸
к£ֶۻָƽɫӦ
ҶȵΪ˵롭֮ľۻϣȻҿʵݣ
ǵ棬ݣôֶ죬칬⣬ҲΪ˹Ķ󣡡
˼ϸµĶۣɲǾ͵غɫҲΪϾܿ죬¶ƵƵЦݣɣǰΪʦӦڵ㣬ڵֶ죬һֵô꣬ҲڿԳΪɽǿҲӦãˣչ¶һɽҲܵӰ죬ΪʦϣΪ㣬뷴籩֮У
ˣлʦȫ
Ҷȵʧȥ
ӣȻŲŶ٣ȻܸӦҵĴڣ㡭ɽ磬ܸӦģָڴķһĻ΢Цֹ
ϻ£
ȥ
㳡֮УѾۼ߰򷴿ˣлصȫ̸칬ֶе
һ죡
Ҷȡն졢ħ룬ķң߾ϼؽ౦ҲԱߡ

ֳѻȸֻĴ죬ӭƮ
ȣˣķʩΡݵ˵ҴͥˡԼ̫Ҵ½ӭҵĵѣһķ칬Ĵڣ½¼һУȷΣֵܾ룬˱˳һΰ칬֮£ӴԺɽ绹ˣվ칬𣿡
ȴѹһڣÿߣĬϸϸػζ
Ҷȸֶֻûģʩ´̫Ҵ½̫Ҵ½شҶİҪһ£̫Ҵ½һֱӪķֻʵδһֱɽ缮ûʲôΪ֮Խһߴң̫Ҵ½ͥˡڡˡ̫ˣҲվ濹칬


෴ˣʼֱ֡
ɼɽӰ
ҲǣҵֵܣǼҺúùͨ˺һ
˿̣Ҷݣڣٴη칬ˣյڳͷ֮磬ҷѾƻͷ֮磬ȳˣڳͷ֮Уۼʶ칬ĶУʱʼұķ칬Ҹ̤һɽ磬ҲҶ֪ʱңֻһˣΪδﵽˣҡȴȻɱһɽ磬칬̳ԣɽûһ˸뷴칬ɣǰ
죬ڴ˾ۻᣬϻ£شҶǵãԹֵͥܣ·شӢۣ칬ֱһ̣ǹ¶ģнķˣĬĬףϴڹЩߣҲ칬ɽĩգԽԽҴ̫Ҵ½ͥˡڣȻһγɷ֮󣬽ɱ
δ޷գ֪һη칬᲻һΣͬĽûȥЩֻҪƷ칬õİ취Ӵɽ磬ϣҲſԽ磡
ҶȴżᶨĿ⣬¸ǰȶ˵
ħ߳ҳħɴ۵Ĵˣɴ۵־Ʒ칬
ҵڣ˼αܳʱ䣬ʧɽ糤֮УһγΪƷ칬նҲڣ⡣
ڽ򰺰΢Ц˵ʲôͥõ֤
֮Ĵʼ칬⣬ϣڳɽ־֮ʿ
Ҷ˵ңصЦݣ˷Ϊģڶϻ£λǰҵʵݣ

˻һһֱڹеĲˣʱ·𾪶ֺȻģ

ɽصĴڣԷ֮칬һδٺ䶯ɽĴ£칬ͨڶĴڣ˺棬˭
ڣǵĺ棬ǵ֪̽һ̣õ𰸣ÿһߣɴ
ͥڵȵȵˣĿⶼҶϡ
ϼؽ౦ЩͷҲһĿ⣬ֻж߾Ȼ
Ϊ֪Ҷȵݡ
ն졢ƣˢˢؿҶȣֵܣֶ۴ܴӰ죬ȻһиķߣˣǣҪã
ҲӦˡҵһѾüɵô࣬𺳰ɣҪľֽ
ҶѾλֵܣȻŵū߳
һ̣ʮ򷴿ˣԼͬסվ
Ҷ˫ָ΢΢ػϰɫۣʱֶɫۣۣ󲿷ֵ˶¶ȻŵĿ⣬еĴľ
ҶȰַϣȡ£¶ݵɲǣҽֶܵ죬ΪҶȣ


1640 
ֶ죬Ҷȣ
ְˣȷֳˣͷ
ţҶȡ£飬ӴˣˣҲôɽ磬еģֻҶȣ
ֶӣ
Ҷȣ
Ҷȣǰʱ䣬ֶ޽֮ؿɣ뼸ֶӣһΪİͷ
԰Ժɽ磬Ϊ֮Уഫ
û뵽صķߣһδη칬ġȻֶ죡
㳡һֱ˵ľ̾ǲͣشҶȣ޷ǿһֶϵһ
ҶȻɽ磬ȴʮ֮һ
ֶ졭
ϼؽ౦۷׷׳ĬˣУֶֻһյɽɣȴû뵽ᵮ˾޾׵ĵӡ
û뵽һ۲ŶꣿʱаǰһϰĴڣ
ؽ౦ۺ󷽵ķҩɾΪ𺳣Ϊ˽Ҷȡ
λ
һۣӭҶȴݵʵò˷Ҷҽһ£ֶĳϣҲֶ£һӣŴҶɻڴ˹ʵݣǻֶ۴޴Ӱ죿Σֶ죬Ҳ޷ֱ칬еĴڣΪһӣֶȥܴĴڵͬţҲң
߳λǵϣѾ˳㣬ϣ֮ˣ˿ǣƷ칬
Ҽ룡
Ҳ룡
ڣԴԴˣʼվ뷴Ӫ֮У󲿷ˣʾ
Ч˶ˡ
칬ôٵҳͷ
еˣԥ֮ʡ
ͻȻһ棬Զ񷣬ش
ͷ
Ҷȡն졢ƣԼ߾ϼؽ౦۵ˣʱ𾪲ѣŻ棬£ֳһۣݲȵͷ
Ա߻ԵڵĻƾ
ʦͽͻȻ෴ˣ¶ϲЦݡ
ͷȻ칬һδεط칬Ѿ˷ݡ
ͷڳͷ֮磬ģһʹ
˿̣֮УһˣǿͷŭָóϷ
ѳΪ¡
ͷԳͷ֮ķˣǸ칬ּ⣬ҲҪһǸ
ͷôǣ߾𣬵һЦ
λѣټ޷ŵһĻҳͷ뿪칬֮һֱڰз칬
ڶ߾𣬳ͷЦݣϼؽ౦ۣη籩ҶδμӣһΣϣҶȡЩˣһɱ칬
ͷܵǣ޷뵽ģܲӭ㣿Ҷ뽣ն졢Ʒ׷߳ͷʾӭ
ں󷽵ĻƾʮƽҲûаѵڵڣҶȼĦǺġ
ͷˣ
һԥˣ۾ųͷҶȵӪҲڲԥ׷ױʾ롣
˿ʼ뼸һӴֻһˣ뿪˶ϻ¡
û뵽Ȼֶ۵ĵӣ
˿̣Զһա
ӰƯɽ֮УӶϻ¡
ǹͥۡ
شȭͷſ֨죺ҶȣôۣһϷˣ
ĸ֮֮ͬʵ޷ţֶӣ֪ʹ֪ˣ᲻ɱֶ죿شЦ

һڰ֣ҶȵΪǶ٣ʵǿ󵽣ͬĸ߶ȣԱ߻жȸ֣ʹǿѾɱҶȣ
شۿۣ˼¸˼ϣ칬ʧܣȫûΣҶ뽣ô෴֪Ƿܳɹ۽Σһεķ͸ǹͥǣͷ
ȻЩһδε칬һΡǶԸ칬͸аգ
ش˵꣬ʼӡۣʧȥ
һգ
Ưڸ߿գڴ֮ͨУǬħԼ
Ҷȣ㾹ҹݡСӵĳ򣬳ӲǰɣǬŭɶȴЦĺܹ죺ҲãԲѣ칬Ҳõӣͷ˺ϣǺܴ󣡡
СһֱõԸģħʮɻ
ССһͨ˵һʣõ취ȡȥ磬׸ĳһܣǾͿǬȻ¶ƻЦݡ
ħʵΪҪԸֶ죿ΪҶȵĴڰɣ
ǬͻȻЦǺǵصΪֶ֪һܡħԺ֪ˣ˵ûж壡
Ҷȡ㣬Ҳʦǰ̧ͷħһֱ˵ȴԸҶȵĺʱҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
󷽵󣬲֪УжҶȡ
ҶȣǬ˵ڣаʵһжҶɵġ
ʱ䣬ҾͿҶȱݰɣȻϵٴζԸ칬ʵ칬˴Ȼ˯ŵģ
Ǭ˵Ȼ󣺡ԸҶʱʧˣʱͺúУ
ǣ󲻸档
ߣ
Ǭﶯ䣬Ͱ˴Լ֮С
ȻڲԶ֮С
ƯһˣЩ
֮ǰȥͥҪţߣֳˣҪƷ칬ʧˡ
ĪǸӣĴ󡭡ҶȣǿԱã㼸ݺңҲóһ˰ɣ
Ҳ뿪ˡ
ϻ£
ͥĸ֣뵶ڸϣΧ󷨣ˣϻмˣʼԶϻΪݵ㣬һЩΪﵽٵķߣԼǧˣ٣ֻˣʼ뽣Ҷȡն졢ơ߾𡢳ͷˣηչȵϸڡ
¹ȥ
ϻγһ޴󷨿ռ䣬ʮˣݷһֱģ칬ʱɱһֱûжˡ
λڵʵˣǿȥ칬ƿصױƷģǲżټķ֣
֮У߾𡢳ͷϼؽ౦ԼġˡɲŮ¹ùãиոֶ̤뽣ն졢ơҶȾһ
ҶȿڵҿԶԱԹϵһЩǿߣӪ
⣡
ͷͷˣʶһֱ磬ϧ־칬ǿ£
ؽ౦۽ŵɽ磬вٵ˼ʣʮͷǻ᲻ںϣǾ޷ȷ
౦֣Ȼ⣡ͷ
λҴȥһ̫ˣ뽪̫ǰǺ
˶ԼƻʱҶȵһ䣬˶ðһ仰


1641 ̫
̫飡
̫ˣ
ɽ磬ӿһ
̫ǴӼԪ֮߾ͷ
ڳͷЩĸ֪̫̫ܼ绢
һǿߣԼ󷴿¼칬ֶΣ޷˭ܿ϶̫ˣǵĴڣ
仰ȷˣĴǣ
̫ΪˣˣԪ֮ʵǿĪ⣬Ҫ칬ͺˣõڣҴڹ֮ͥУӵмߵ뿪ͥҲӲԹͥͥҲ޷
˵ļǣ
ͷҲ˵ˣһڣԲһֳͷ֮ڼ䣬칬ķ£ͷҲ£̫飬˾ܾ칬
Ǿ˾ˣ鷳λ׳ʵ
Ҷվ˱ȭ
ýնͷϻ£ħʼȥ̫顣
Դ֮ǰϵľ쳡
칬̳
Ӳӵ칬ȻͬգƯڷߴ
̫Ҵ½ͥˡڣ
ʮΧڹ֮Уһɫ
ٱǾˣڣĴѾЭ飬ۼʮ򷴿ˣ˲ϵؼǣݣҲֶ֮һϵӣΪҶȣ
ֶ죿
һ
һŭգƱֶǹӲ칬Ըֶ̫ţҹȻ칬ΪУܷŹֶ죬ȻǴӪڶϻ£ǾǶǵƣλҾñѹ
ǵɱĺãҪ֪ڶ࣬νѲڣҪѹǣҪ޽֮أ뿪ôٵǽֻжſԣڹиõƣ
δȣϳѹ
ƾˡͥӰ϶оͷ֮УԽ͵Խʱ֣Ϊ
һԼ
Ȼе۲ݡ
ʱһЩĿ⣬˻̫ʼ
λãһֱۣһԣҲڳĬ𽥰
Ƶĵط½磬ǵĵˣǰģˣԼķǹͥ˭ܿ϶뿪ǻ·һɱ
̫ʼ˵һڣһֹƿԣռƣռʲôͣȻ½¼Լϴ¼εķȻƸͣףһĴսΣǿֶΣһȴˡ
ҲʽվѹȺߣһȺ޵дڣʶεķ粨ͬ
ǲŸոսʱӦò̤ʱ׼ִߣ칬ʥӡ
취ã
һ뷨Ȼһʧȥ
ֻʣ»̫ʼһʱ󷨣һƬǳռ䣬̣һڱϵӰ˳
ˣոյõϢһֱ칬ԭֶӣ̫ʼӰ
ֶ죿
ӼΪȣƽǳĬһƮͷŶ˶ңҶԣ壬һɽΪСҲΪСʶʱҲܻ
ֶ֪ۣкι̫֮ʼɻޱȣδɵľٶ
ò
ƺԳЦĩУҲǸСֻɱľɽԴҲΪͬԭһֱΪУŮˣ䲻ںغܷص磬һֱδ֣һвҪ׼ɡǸ֪࣬Զ£Ψһˣ
̫ʼ˼һһʵηϾҪɱ˵ˣʲôҪģ
ˣɴ۵ȷɽ֮Уֻۣδ̤񣬾ӵдﵽ۷ʵҲֻɽˣ磬Ǹ޴֮УɽκεĲŻߣȥ綼ʲôȻǸ⣬Ϊֻߣӵֻ֮ţ˵ֻӵһϵ񼣣̤磬ܵõ񼣵ĴУӵ񼣣ǿ룬࣬Ҳֻһͨ󣬳Ϊ칬ػߣֻҵһֶΣ
Ӱʧĩֽһ䣺ɱɱСĹͥĩһֱڵȴᣬҲţϣõȥİ취
ǣ
̫ʼȻ𾴣ӡࡱȥ
ֶ֮䡭ʲôǳһ֮󣬲ſʼʧȥ
޽֮أĳ֮У
Ҷħ𣬳ΪƵģٵطɹһƬƬգǣýκδͨȻٶȣѾﵽɽļޡ
һ㹦ǰգƮŮӰ
ľ뺫ѩӡөӣ
ҶȿƣŮݣȻһӰѳŮǰ
õٷҾ֪ʲô
ľ쳴źѩӡөӣҶǰľȻͷŴϻ۵Ŀ⣬ҶȣѾ޷ҶȵϢ㾹Ȼʵ޷뵽
벻ӣǵȷѩ˵Ҷദһʱ䣬Ȼ֪ҶȵԸ
өӺЦүү֪֮Ϊеˣ
̫үү֪ĿġǴȥ
ľû̫໰˵ȻȻ뺫ѩӡөӷǰҶƣӸߵա
ԽգȻһƬʱ֮У·ʣˡ
Ȼ룬һ޴޴ǰƯһٶкüĶǶ١
ң֮УһǿϢʮֹϵġ
ţԹͥϸԪ
֮룬һµˣڲͬ
һͷ׷Ѯ£Ƥƻͣһӥۣͷǻ۵Ŀ⣬ŷԿһУһ㣬Ϣռȫޣƺڣûƫƫվ
Χ񣬶ԻµΪ𣬴ž⡣
ҶħʵѳԽһɨ֮£ͿԿµ˵ݣħھû뵽̫飬˵˵ãռ䣬Ϊһ״̬ʵҲԽ˰ǲ಻󡣡
ҶͶȥ޾ľ⣬뽪̫ˣ̾Ŀռͨȷ𺳣ҵߣӦɽ磬ӵпռͨĵһˣ
ңõڣֵ޵ģ뽪̫һȣ߷
˫ԽʱҶƵ̫鱧ȭҶȡƣ̫ǰԼλ̫˵ѣ
ˣ㣬Ϸܸˣ
̫ЦЦŴ󲽣żӭȥͫżΪ𺳵Ŀ⣬ƺû뵽ҶȵĳɳȫԽ
Ϊ
񣬶ǺǿĴڣڰΣ۷Щˣһ̫ƻǰʵ
̫˵ʵȷˡ
Ҷȣл̫ǰ޵ǰĴУƿ֮Դ˶ɹٵվԣ̫ǰҵʦҶһݣ
գҶ뽪̫顢档
һ̣Ҷȼ쳣ķڵ̫鱧ȭ¡


1642 ͥ
νжϥлƽ
Ҷȼ棬Ҫ¹ʵͷδع

̫Ҷϥ֮ʣ˫ͻȻסҶȣԲɣĿ⣬Ҷȣһͷ֮䣬ûʦͽ֮ʵ̸κҵ֮˵ֻǰʦµĶиˣ
ˣɲڿγһĻΧˣ޲𺳵ĳ
Ҷֱʩ񣺡ǰֻ̫ĸм
ʦֳɹ̤磬Ӧ紳ţȥ磬лɣ
̫ο˵Ȼħ𣬼תߣȥ̸
һڸ֣ʼƮʱա
ո̤󷨿ռ䣬ҶȾ͸ܵޱߵĿռͨǿռ󷨣Ȼ̫һǧ֣һʣɵɽۣ֮ȴˡ
̫˳ԱȻһ붼Թͥռ֮Уɼ
Ҷħ̸ۡעĽ㡣
ɽۣԼĹ̫뼸񣬴˽빬֮С
ڲһһҲ㲻ʲôϵɽ֮š鱦Щ
ľ뺫ѩӡө̫󷽣Ҷȳħһ
˿̣̫鿪żɽƽƽ͵ؿˣҶȣħ⣬ϷǼλһͬƷ칬ɣ
Ҷħ𣬵ȭҶȵǰӢȷΪ˶νŽϣܺһƷ칬
̫ʵ֮ǰǼҲ⣬ǵĴ𰸡ǲǺһͬɱ칬
𣿡
Ҷȵһʲôֱ
̫˳ԱȫͨˣԱһ׼ȷصͷ
̫һͬ칬ǱȻȫʤħҲž⣬ס
Ȼ˫ʼϸϸ̸
ⳡ̸Žʱֻʣ½̫顢ľ쳡ө뺫ѩӣҶħ
ˣҪ̫һˣͬϷͻһ˵ʣմӦһϣ
̫龲˵ǿռߣһԶƣϷԪӹȥڣѰ׷ѰʦֽĲǱ칬赲ǰûг·ͥһֱã̫̫࣬ıƣҲȺˣ뿪ͥԭ򣬶ϼԹͥĳֽǶȥʵѾʼ
ǰˣ
ҶȣȻ̫˼̫˲޳ɺһ£ջǴӦ
Ͼ֮£֮ǰӣ෴һҧʮ¾칬ҲӼɵ
̫һ̾ҲͥϣǿѹԪǵʩͥѲϸԪĲʢЩ꣬뷨ĩӬӪʹԪΪµĹͥ
һҶͻȻ뵽ʵǰᵽȥ֪壬Ϊαͥ壿ǹֶͥΪ
ϣӵ۵ϢԲԣ֪̫飬һ䡣
ǰȥͷ֮磬Уǰڷ磬дһ۴Ѫƻͷ֮磬ĹȥΪαѹͷʣ
Ȼ
̫üһ̾ͻȻ䣬¶ͻЦݣ֮԰֮㣬棬һΪ壬ΪϣҸоϢһصˣ˵屻ԭҲǵͥܣȻڲ֮󣬾ͲܣԣҲ㣬ҲȥѰҴ𰸣Ԫ֮ͥҪԪչȥǣ뷨ĩߵһ𣬵ʱķĩۣͥţͷȾͷʵ󲿷֣ȥģĩȻϣͨȥ磡

Ҷţħľ쳵ˣҲȥ
ʱľͷ޷ͨ磬ɴۡˡ̫ƻȵȴڣͥĩȻͨĩ磬ĩȻΪͥʼҪԴϧĹϷʱȻ뿪ͥŽʹߵҲ֪ͥѴԴʹߣϸԪռľԴȻֶǿ֣弸һЩͷѹΪ죬ͥ۽֣ϽʹߣҲδѹ˳ȥȴѹͨͥڲһЩͷ϶Էĩ˽⣬֪ĩ֪ʱȻõһΪ졯Ŀޣ
̫һʼ࣬ڹͥܣüͷյ㽣ƺҪĩռԴԴɣϸԭ򣬾ǵõʿɣ޸ֱѹͷʼҹͣر޷ãŹֵͥѰҸԴɳϹŶȥҲɵĩùͥͥ÷ĩ޲ϸͥǿ󣬹ͥǿΪ۵ģǵѾʧȥν˵ͥľͷ˶Ȼ뿪ϼˣн
塭Ϊ޸̫ħһħʼܿƵͷš
ѩөӣڲŵ״̬ɫ԰ףҡͷ̾ϢͥȻġ
ۡ
Ҷ˵ڵ֪ĹȥǸѹĳʱľ޴ǰĩͥϹޣΪ޴򿪹㣬ȥɣ
̫ȷˣȻδޣۣͥţͷƺޣȥİգкܴģ
ħĺߵͥȻӵȥİ취ֲãô꣬һֱδ칬ȡֶΣ
ǰղ˵һ֪ǣ
Ȼһͥܣ𺳵޷ƽҶʳһ⣬Ϊ֪Ϊν̫Ҫ֮
ϣҸоһյζΪˣҲǺѣС쳽ӴʱҾ͸ӦǧͼϢϸϸӰ㣬ϣָӦռϢž֮㣬ҵԤкܶԣ֮˸߶ȣ̫ο
ԭˣ
Ҷȿɸ˲һֱ̫鰵пӣ޷һ룬󱳾һð亹
˵Щˣ㣬Ϸ̲ס뵽ʦ֣꽻ֽĳǸӣϷͣ
̫ͻȻҶȡ
ã
ȻҶҲһֱҸӵпռͨľͷȡȡȷǸӡ
գۣ˾ʱմ֮գΧķ籩
Сˣ
̫ͻȻһȻҶǰһָ
䣡
ȻʤĹҶȣϧֻҶȵһӰ
ÿٶȣ㻹ϷĸӦ֮У
̫ͻȻһ߸ߵһǰգһɹȻҶȱ˳̫һЦһָҶȺ󷽵
񷷨򣡡
̴߶ռͨҶȺ󷽹ָͻȻҶڵĿռ䣬ʼĦתλá
ˣ׵ػ˽̫Ŀչ
޽֮գչһĿռͨģֿռͨۻҡ


1643 ѹˮ
صϻ֮ҶȱѺϢоͷͷϼ𡢶߾ؽ౦ĸ˶е뾪ϲ
̫Ĵڣۣͥͬ߶ȣ̣ɽ𵽾޴ƶá
ͬڶϻ£зˣͷʼͨɽ˼磬£ͷ
ڸ칬ڹն쵶ڸ֣ϻ񣬶˾ͷӪ׳֮С
ҶȣΪһٷɳɽ
˫ʥһƬ籩֮УҶȵԭϫһش鱨
ˮҪһȺӣѰһżһûᣬϫҲС
˫ʥ渵Ҷ¶һĨЦϴҪɱңΡӣܸܵһΣеڶΣ˫ʥģǲѷɣ޷ӳҵģ
ҪϾĵӣ˫ʥɳɽȻͶ˼ȷǿ˹
̸֮𽥿ɳɽܿ죬ҶȾԸӦʮŮӣ뿪ɳɽҶĸӦɽʱӦһǿʢʥ֮һӴƣС
ͷȻɳɽ
ѩϣ㣬ΪˮҪأ
ƯŵĺУҶȵɳɽģϣѩٴΪУڷţ塢ѩȻֻе䣬ôܻˣӦԶδ
ΪճޣٴΪС
Ҳ֪ϴħӣҵѪ⣬ܷ˶ɹѣ꼸ͻȻĿһʮŮӣͬ·طɳ
ˮϫС
ˮ˫ʥȲɱ⿪ʼͫ
ಣ
ǰȺٻӰʧ뿪ʱգ
ʱ֮
ˮշеǰɫһʵȻﵽθ߶ȣľͷ˭Ҳ޷ѹ
˿̣ʮӣҪɹһƬʱʱͻȻʱգʼֹ·κε˲䱻룬Ϊһյش
ŮӣȻ޷·գΪռڲĵ
⡭
Ȼɫɴ˫֪ͫʲôѰĵطû˿ԷеĹ졣
ƣ
ˮʵǿΪˣʶһʱѲʲôȻǱÿռͨǿߣƿһпռ䡣
˵˫һϣһɴĿ֮⣬ͻȻرƺǳƺҹĨ۵Ĺ⻪ڵյشȫ飬˺һӣһסʮʧɫӣһŲƳյش

ŲƣˮϫӵˣԾգ۾뿪ǧ֮ң
ɳĴӣʵǿƵƿأյشϿգ˫ʥҶȳֳżΪŵɫ΢΢һ
Ҷȸֶȫûκε⣬ǰ޵УҲ㱾£ϴɱ֮ʱҲغϣڣԶԶҳԽ˵ɳҲ壬ҵҪɳǷܾ
ಣ
˵֮˫ֳͫǿհУΧռŤ˲䣬˾ʧȥ
ǧ֮ǿա
ˮʮӣΧյģʲôҲûС
ϫӹͿ뼸ӣˮߣ׳ŵʵʦ㣬ô£
˪΢΢ף󷽣һľͷ·ɱҵȰˣõģ˵Ŀռͨѱ飡
ʦ޵У
˻һ˿һָƸոʢĻ䣬ǰ㽿Цݣˮ뿪
ˡ
ٿȻ
ڵĿռ䣬һαţµķ籩һЩ𣬾Ȼ΢΢Ȼȫʼ뾲ֹ״̬
Լӣ
ʦ㣡ǲܶһ£˭ҲԸ⣬ܷͨҪ뿪ֹռ䡣
ǣ̫С֮ˣԱҲ޷򿪾ֹռ䣬һδδ߶ͨʶá
ˮҲδ֣ƺףƾһδߣ֮ˣưոݣ֪λˣɳɽкޣ׷᣿
һնͬɢ˲ҵˮϴҪɱңȻҪɱ㣬ѵ㵱ҪɱʱͲ뵽н𣿻ɳɽ̫߸ϣĿˣ
ǡ
ˮüͻȻһᣬ޷ţֶ̾Ҷȣ
Ǵõļԣ
ǰ֮УҶȴݲȣⲽ˫ʥֶҶȵϣƵЦݡ
˫ʥһ˫Ѫۡ
ˮŭ˫ʥ㣬֮ҹҹڰɽң
˫ʥ̶ȴȻŭ䳰øӣ飬ǿͽ֮ǰǶôʹధ㣬أľʣֻһ̴࣬ʬҲٻˮδһĻ
֪ˮǸ·£ֻһˣǲͬһͳֻǴţͽһͽѣ˫ʥã콫©֮㣬ҲһĨɱˣ
˵ƺһϣˮʱͬգ֪ѽ񣬸ĿˣʱգȴһھҲûС˫ʥŭգʵڱˮţڲ
Ҷȣϴɱ㣬οɲͬҵʵµĸ߷壬ɱ㡭ϴǰ鷳˫ʥйııڵӣɱ㣬ҾĴˮֻҶȵˡ
ȫ˫ʥ
ÿ԰Ůӡ
Ҷ¶ݣ׵ʵҵĿ꣬㣬㱳ɳҪɱңǾԣ
ͳͳ
ˮһɿµʥ֮ȻΧյشʼ飬Ϊ޴󲻿˼ʥྪâҶ˫ʥϯȥ
䣡
Χտռ䣬׷ʥâ£׷飡
֮ǰǹߣΪľǣɳ໥Ӧȷ뿪
Ҷֻ΢΢߳һǰǵضʥ֮ͫУٴͷһǳС
ֻĿ仯Ȼѹȶʥ֮⣬ȴһɿµֱѹȫɢȻˮֳľģ޷֡
ͨգ۾ͱѹˡ
һΣ״̬ʱոҪ·ӣҲ޷һ£޷ŵصǰҶȡ
ƺʱףҶȵĲ࣬޷ݣ
ҶˮԱߣ˫ʥ⣿ҺԸһѹɳɳɽȥƿأ
˫ʥϲˮѹ޷ĨĨ۽ǣͷҵĺԶţɳɽôɳɽԶֶѣ벻ɢ
£Ҷ֮䣬Ϊֶ죬һ͡
Ӵˣֶһȫŵǿѡ
ϫˣ˫ʥ˵ؿʮɳŮӣ΢΢ס
ಣ
еӶѹΨϫӷɳյش˫ʥߡ
ԭ㡭˫ӣúݵļı𲻻Ź㣡ˮ޷ɢɱһͨŭ
ɳ𣬶Ĵӣܼȣ޶𣿲ѩҲһ˰ɣ
Ҷȵ˼ѲˮϫӵϣĪ⣬Ŀ⣬ǰ޵ʱա
·ڵʲôˣ
ңż


1644 ѩǿ
ҶȣƲ
ѹƵˮģӵоò·ħ˰㣬ӳ֩˿Ѫɫ磬Ȼʼȼջ棬µʥֳ֮һ컨״̬Χտʼ΢΢
ҶȻӦˮõĸ߶ȡ
ȻԽΡ
ǣҶ˵Ȼû˿вδѹƾˮ
ΪС㣬ٵһ㣡
ںʮŮӣͱѹãʧɫûˣѴﵽܳܵļޡ
ҶȵǿѾԺУֲ޷Ĩȥ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ѹ֮µˮǴ߶ʥǹĻ棬޷˺ѹƣ£ȫ뿪˫ѪܽܣһӲͷϡ
κˣܡ
ˡ
ȥʱ֮󣬺ȻҶȣԺһ龻ֲӰ̣ɣǰɳˣ
˫ʥסϫӣ϶صͷҶӷ̾ģˮɳɽδܰװ׼ڴزۣȫ㣬ɳ𿹺⣡
ʦ𣡣
Ƭ֮󣬴ڷ״̬ʧȥ侲ˮȫɾȵϣ֮⡣
ʦоˣЩŮӣҲڼ޷ۿʼᡣ

ȻһӰδŴֶһˣ޽֮գƽصշж
ɼһȹðɫ˿סӣƶĳȹȣκһУ£ʧȥ塣
˫ʥ־ŭ
ɳ𡭡
Ҷ΢΢ۣȻۣƽӦ˵ɳ𣬶Բԣѣ
ɳٶȻȴǧգ˫ͷʥ˫ֹͫˮ֮䣬Ѳѣɳӵ޽֮أǿţһ
ʲôɳɽҵԸҵǰֻأѩ
صɳҶ֮ɫᣬ˵Ǹʱһռ״̬
ɳ˵̿ҶȣӦòŹȥӦÿδ죬һζĻףֻԭ̤ܳɳ
Ϊһѩ㻹ǰ㣬ֻǸӵţ֮䣬Ϊһ죬켣ʼı䣬֮䣬ԭδκޣΪµȴһɱңѵԵ
ҶȾϣϾѩڷ羭ѣ̸֮ѣҲˣαص񣬻ҪԣӵɳɽѳΪһѸ߸ϣѵ㣿
УҲǸˮŮˣΪԸ˫ޣģɳĺȻһݾȣȴҲɴݡ
ʦôܣɳôҶʶɳɽ磬ǧ꣬ҶȽɽꣿ
գףԻ֮ʣҶȺ󷽵ϫӣͻȻʩչͨģ˫ʥ
˫ʥ㶣ͬӦΪʦҲ̫ˣڱ䣬Ҳż꣬ʱȫԲϣɳϣкܴܣ
Ҷȴ˿̷һЦˮҾͲۣ㵱Ϊʲôԭѡ˫ޣʲô£һ֮䣬Ҳѣ죬ȻʲôһɽݶһҪͷϣأҲɱҪɱң
ɳ֮һϣңȻҶȣˮ
˽ҵˣ᲻֪ҵԸʲôʱ򣬼ҹܰװ׷УҾͷŹһС
һԥҲ֮ĹϵԴﵽһֹ桭Ȼ㻹ǰ֮Ͳܹ棡
Ϊβܹ棿ȻѣҶЩ仰˼·л
ɳҡҡͷǧ֮ĺȵܣ֮䣬ԶֻǵˣȻ㲻ˮңҲֻһս߿ܣҶȣ
һЦҵĵˣ˽ҡѩҲɱ㣬ϳΪ
ֻһսҶҲ˵ʲô
ɳͫĿ⣬Ҳ΢΢غ̣ꡭɽ磬ꡭʹӷ˴ﵽߵز˵Ĳ̤ɽ磬㲻زۣȷһӵĴУ
죡
Ҷǣһߣ֮Ҳһ˽⣬ҵĶƵ칬ɽֻҳɳĵط磬̽ѰأѰҳĵطɽ磬֮ǰһУһɣ
Ҳġ
ɳĬϵָֻ֣סϵ˿΢΢һ¶һա
ѩ
ȻʥµգɳԽ
ɳ𣡣
һ̣˫ʥضѩ
˫ʥҵȷʶɳʵ㣬ǰǰ𣬾ѱնɱõɳɽһУɳܣɽ£ȻûмıҪѩ㲻ɳȻɳɽ
ѩĿһУЦɳɽû˿ҵĴڣ
䡭ˣȫǰѩ
ҶֳִǰѩȻȴûо޴Ұģڣʣµģֻ޾
Ҷȣһаɣ
̣
ѩˣƿʼΧռ䣬İƣ춯أָҶһץʥҶΧ֣͵ҪҶ飬˫ʥϫӡ
Ѱϫŵһ԰ף˫ʥҲǾľ
ΨҶȣͻȻͷһɹװķ
䣡
ʥڹ׷ϣ̼飬׷ҲһЩѺۡ
ͣ
ţһʥལģ֪ٶж죬ѩֶУҶüģ벻һߡ

̫죬̫ѸͣѩȻҪӽ۷壬ʥལĴüʱֻҶһӰ
Ҷ˫ʥϫȻһƬա
ѩʵǿ󣬲ܣ̶꣬㲻նɱɳӵ
һͨʩչ˫ʥϫӳڸңԶĵطҶתһɳһ׷ɱʥ֮ȭһײ
ײ֮ѩΧǧ׾޴Ŀռ䣬ȫ飬㽫ա
Ҷɻѩôܣɽ磬Ϳնɱɳɽ
˿̣ѩ֣ʣҶѩ
ѩأĮһЦҶȣڳɳ㣬ͨÿ˶Լܣ
˵ĺã˵ĺãѩ㲢δû֮ҶȻ㵣κξʧľٶ
ɱ
һȼյȻʥ֮ѩΧ¡һӿҶȡ

Ҷȼܣȼѩͷŵȼ˷ѸӿҶȣҶһ·
һδܣȼҶҲСȴӦԣѩʵȻﵽɽ۷壬ǶҶԣδжвܳԽ㣬е죬ţҲһɽ磬ʹﵽǱҳԽ


1645 Ϊ
Խڴˣ
ѩȹͷһȦ𺳵ơ
һţ˳Ҷĳһɹʥ֮ͬǰҶȡ
Ժǰ߸ϣһ֣֮ѩǲಫΪһ죬һˣֵ𣿡
ʩչ֮ÿռ䣬Ҷѩһδιգʥ֮Ӷϯ
ѩ˿ƣɱѰҶȱߡ
ᣡ
ҶȣȻоЩԾѩӡ֮üȻ֣Χʥ֮ȻΪһʥݡ
ƯƬռ䡣
ѩվһ֮У澹ȻһðˮأȻػӶ֣һķӡ
䣡
ʥݣͬʱը
ǧ׵޽֮գȫΪըκʡһһ𣬼ҶѩӰӡ
ҶȣʵȻǿΪһΣܶһΡѩԦݣӱըƯմףΪ״󷽱ըգѸݸǶȥ
ݣ
һ޽̹ոҪǽ뱬ըռ״Ҷ޽ɳըռ䡣

״̴֮ҶȸոҪѰѩ֮Уһ׹⣬ͻȻʧҶȸոմ߶ԪΧӿһɴԵס
ҶΧſ·ӡ

ƳףҶ΢΢һû뵽ѩڰ񾳽磬ԼԦԣԣ˵Ĵͨ
һˣȻԶ֣ѩԵս޲ʤ
Ҷȡ
򣡡
һģһʼףȻ󡪡
ಣ
Ҷڣصٵͨ޷ŵһĻѩͷŵףȻ֮С
ѩЩţһ˫۾ֱضҶȣѼɵʾɾŶ١
룬ѩִһӡָһɹԵʥâţһƬƬĻ䣬ż᲻ɴݵƣʥâɣΪԵĻꡣ
ԽԽ࣬Ҷȸոհ֮ͷΧƯĻ꣬Щ꣬ף·һѪ
Щ걾ʹһǷ֮ʥ֮˴Щı𣬾ɳɽɽһʥ֮̺ԣ
ͻȻΧռĻ꣬һӦҶѲ³˫ʥ˵ģɳɽʥ
һͨ
컨̣
ѩУͻȻһ⡣
֮УȻһ̣ѩס̣޷µʥʥŮӶ̣Ӹ£һ㡣
ͻͻͻ
ҶΧ꣬оҶȾһʯл꣬գ۾ͰסҶȣγһ񻨡
ѩ˳ƻӶ̣·ͷŵâγһԳ򣬿ȥõʹа
䣡
̫ͻȻͨ޵УѩͻȻֹͣӶֻ̣꣬סҶȵĻ䣬ͻȻըƬŻɢ
һӰǱ
ȻһغϣҶܡ
ѩҶȣֳ̣ߴ£Ҷȣ㲻ҵĶ֣ɳɽ컨̣컨˼ĴΪʥ֮գպõ꣬ڷ磬õ컨̵飬Բںɳɽ컨̣
ŪѩΪʥ֮ԭ򣬵õһ飬ʲôתӾ
ҶȻȻһЦԭˣѩͿѹң컨̵ȷһˣܷӳ
㹻նɱ㣡
һ趯컨̣Ի꣬ҶΧٶͬѩƮ䡣
𣡡
һοҶôϵڶε
Ȼѩͷẉ̂ôʱȻﵽӽ۷壬ôͷͨӦ޷ѹѩ
һ裬߶ǿԪ޽ΧһԻȥ׼ȷ֮˷ǻը
컨򣡡
˲ϢըʧˣƬռ䣬ƺǻӰ
һҶȴӱը֮УɳȻһɻγɵĽ磬˻ȥҶɫһ򣿡
ѩΪϾӰԳֳ̣ۣ֮ں֮жռ䣬ҵںϣңҲ컨̣֮Уѱҷӡ
ȷ̡ܼ
ҶѸоӲȣ޷ײƣӲȵȷ
Ҳòϣ죬ҲضãϧϾ޷ģȥɣ
Įѩȫûһ˿һλӶ̣ͷҫ⣬ͻȻų
оһҪը
ҶͫٿȻȼպɫףǰ硣
ոսӴ̵磬ȻܵɫвһĻҶһصЦЦΪɫףԺڰ׾Եޱǿָպÿ
䣡
žָץץһҶȴмʱɳȻ򣬿ʼ飬Ϊǳ֮ϣѩֳ̣ЩţϢ֮ǰ˴롣
ղŵںϣڰ׾˵һδ𶯡
ʵѩԳʧˣЩҡҡ׹ŵشҶȣ֪С壬Ϊ˾
ûгԽθѩģҲ飬ɱ㣡
Ҷһ´Ӱչֱָץѩ
ҵˣ㶯ˣ
˽֮ʣѩΪܵشҶȱʵͳԽѶҶȵĹʧȥκηӦ
ҪΪҶѹʱһѩգۣѩͱһ󷽡
ȻҶ˸գ̧ͷһѩߣһӡ
ˣҶɻ󣺡Ϣʶ
һ£֣ͷϵϢȻһӢޱȵӣسѩԱߣɱҶȣּˣǰڷ磬ɽ磡
˵Ϣһǡ죡
Ž˽ʱӦ˲ϢҶȲ׽ڷ磬޷ǵϢ
Ժţ
Ϊ졣
Ȼӵգһ̣ҶȫѪҺڷڣӶΪգԺһţ졣

죬̩ĹѾ䣬ΪΣ
ӵݣɸҶȴ޴һֱ֮УһôͻȻͻվ
ӻסѩ¶ɣΡЦݣҶȣ
졭ôܻţҶһٴδǲţ쾹Ȼˡ
ƺϵҶ飬ˣɳɣΪɱġ졯ҵĵ
㵽˭ҶףΪӣȫͻȻðĵ죬ȫҡ
˴ͷԣѵ²˭𣿡
¶һЦݣΪ졯ȻеôеڶеһӦ֪˭ˣ
ѵ
Ҷüͷס˼ת͵ش󺧴󾪣ǡ𣡣


1646 

ɽ֮УΪ࣬ԪĴڡ
Խɴ̫ۡƻˡ໨Ŵۡ۴ͬʱڵϹŶ
Ψн̫ͥۡǰˣܳԽ
Ԫ˼飡
ʱҶ˵̫𺳣벻쾹Ȼͬһˡ
ʣ
ҵĵΪ졯ڶΪ۾ơ𣬲ң
һ滤ѩһ΢ЦҶȣǷݽŰӿ䣬޽еߣݷ֮ϵʣߣҲİ
졭۾ơ𡭡
ѵߣɣҶ벻ͨδʣſΣǴӷ翪ʼӵ߷緶
ЦݣݵҶȣȻɱҵĵ֮䣬ȻԳΪѣˡڵ칬ʵҿԺֻҪ֣Щˣ࣬ܽȥ磡
ϴ˾ʧܰɣҶ󣬾֪Է˼䳰Ӧһ䡣
ͬȫ£֮ԶԸǣֻʾҵĺ⣬˶ѣϾ磬˵ϣ֮أҶȣӷһ̤ɽ磬Ŀ꣬ȻҲ磡
Ϊ󣬵ȷҵ룬죬ʲôˣӦú˽⣬һ𣿡
㻹ǷǸҶȡ
΢ʧɫƽ㡢ҵĵѩݴ½ٴ꣬ʵȻǻöһҶȣƷ칬ҲϷ칬Ҷԣ糬ԽһУ칬Ϊȥˣ
ʲôô죬û뵽Э治ʶĵ죡
ЭıԣȫûбҪΪУҶȣʵ֪ȥһЩܣһ֪
ŶңҶȹ򾲣κˣȻ֪ȥܡ
ţƾܣͿԻ޷档
ı㣬ɫĵȻ֪ûаյ಻ҷܣϺ꣬Ϊǿ޵УףһᱻԵʣ
Ҷȼɻʵܸң
ЦʵĺãʵĺãҶȣ̣ûкôװ׸ˣ
Ļ߷ּ٣棬֪һЩܣҲֶ֪ΣҲҵһ·ҺȻң
ҶȰһ̾˴ǬðһУ죺лֱ˵죬ʲôʱ򣬱裿
ЦڵҺƻļƻȡȫȫûκ⣬֣˿ɵУΣ
㵱ɵӣ죬ңҿɲˣƻ󣬿ѩҪɱңָʹɣ˵ΪɱңΣ㼿Һã
һ䳰Ҷȵŵ棬ò飬伥ҲΪУϣΪ֮칬һûк³
ǴųȻͬҲ޻˵ı⣬ʱȥɳɽңסɽ磬˽ˣֻһˣ
ֱۣѩʮŮӣճХһƿնȥ
ң
ҶҲ㾪һ亹ǵʵǵ첻ʵʵںܴ
Ҷ˫ʥϫԡ
ɳɽڲĿȫǡҶȣҵЭ飬Ч𣿡˫ʥ֮С
ȻЧһ޷ɳ֣ϾΪһʵŵԣ߰ɣ
Ҷȿķ˵֮󣬾뿪߿ա
Զ֮У
ѩͣЩŮӣһĵƣӢգһ
Ϊβɱ
ѩ죬ɻ󣺡ڷ֮ʱҲں˭֪ĵǰУŻɽ̤ٻǰ񣬵ʱ
ҶȵĿ£᲻֪ʵɽ޵еĴڣȴҶƷ֤ʵ󣬾նɱҲǴ۾޴󣬻磬Ը࣡
Ըࣿ
Һɴ£ĺݲɳӣȥ֮ǰĨɱһУһţǿȥ磬֮ϣһ죿ɣ
ƺͿ͸һ仰ŭ𣺡ǲѶΪ֮ԪҶ޷Ѱҵͨİ취ڶǧ֮УΪľǿʢˣϣڷ֮УõһǿȻұںϣɾɽ磬ǿʵϧڶ׷ʧܣˡ޵ˣ޷ƿأ޷죡
ȷöԸҶȾͺöԸ𣿶ңԶԸࣿѩȻ⡣
ԣߵĶ߾ǳصģңǿصֶۣһУҾͲţֶһְŵģζϻƶߣֶۣ
ΣѵܶԸ࣡
Ҳ˵֪һЩܣһܣɽ޴ĺ䶯ܣоֶйϵ㲻ֶ֪۵ǿ󣬲Ĵɽ磬Ůˣ
˵ҸӲףѩǼȡ
˵ܣһоûˣ޷̣ͷϣҶڲɱึ࣡
ĽһȻŴһŮӣʧ

칬̳
ɫ칬һ󷨹̫ʼٱǾ졢˹ȹʮˣڵС
˹û뵽ֶӡۼˡԼϼؽ౦ۣԼٵİͷǴвȻˣ
˾Ѻǿ󡭡
һʵȴ˹Ҫǿһɣ̾ɴɱ̳ΪնɱüɱִߣϹɱǴκƽ٣Ի⣡
߾ǣİ̤񣬿ʵȻԽﲻˣ
ǲκμıȥΣ֡
һЩȻ䡣
λ칬ߵİ½Լϴ¼СС֣Ȼɽ綼ͷϣһΣǾҪ˱죬Ǽʶ칬ǿ󣡡
󣬻̫ʼʾһ仰û˷๬üɫչ
Ҫ׼߲߲ƣҶǵʱˣ
֮󣬻̫ʼɭ׳һ仰ڹʼ뿪
漴̫ʼֽ칬ǳ磬ţһˣһɫӰؿڣɣĨɱģҪĨɱĴ
ģһҳ֣ǾֻʬҰ̫ʼش
ֻ֮꣡
ɫӰһָһŻ̫ʼüģʱˣɽҶԣ壡
˵꣬ɫӰնȥ
ֻ֮šڻصˣ׷ħ桢𡭡η籩ǶŰɣһֻ֪ߵ̫ʼɱЦݣһ뿪ǳռ䡣


1647 
棬ĳһķС
һ߲µŮӣڵȴʲô޾Ϸ£ͷ˫֮ϡ
ķ棬ǹߵ֮УһԲͨͨ磬ͨϷһԵ󷨽磬ʮǿʢת
ܿģ󷨣ȻֶΣ
һ󣬺Ȼ䣬Ӱ֮𽥷ɳڷɳһֳ̣֮һµľӰھΧһЩӰ
ϧϸӰ뿪󷨣һжˡ
ӰȴҲԿò
֮Уһ꣬һ£ŨüۣĲòãӢˣ䣬һԵİɫЩĲš
Ȼ֮еߣǿԱ߶ˡ
һ꣬ͷƫݣҲһ£òˣһ˫С۾ȴսĺ⡣
ұһλʮ޺һ£һףĺƣȫԣû˿ɵʣҴ˱󣬱һɫͷԵĳӣ֪ʲô
ؼλʥߣ
شʩ
мλ꣬΢΢֣һ磬شסòĲɣЦݣһҪ㣬ڲ֮ǰӦ̫ʼͷųֻ֮ŵϢ칬Ҫ뷴ײҲ칬ޱʱ̣
к⣿شüʵ
ƺֻߵͨȻֻ֮Ż̫ʼʹšͨʱʱ̶̿뿪ɽ磡
⣡
˻һش˫ۣǸţŵʵǡ𣿡
Ȼκһشģ
ԱСӣĮȻڣĩˣ鿪Цˣֶཻ꣬ʲô䲻ȥͣд󶯾ǻ֪ģϾһ⣬͸칬޷ģֻ֪ʲô
̫ͻȻˣ
شۻָ򾲣м䣬Ϊĩˣˣͨͨɷͨ
ˣ򼸰꣬ǧ꣬أҰϢ㣬ʹţˣ࣬Ȼشɽ磬ͨ뿪һ˻ص磬ƫԸ
ĩϣȻıЦõĻᣬɱ࣬磬Ͼ죬ûʮİգЩ꣬һֱڸӦĶΪľ
˿̣زף˼ǹͥ׼λʥߣɱ칬
ˣ
ĩ׵ͫͷŵĹâǴ⣺ʵǿ󣬶Ϊ磬ƿصߣı󣬻һȻֶγء׼һýϣи֣˵ȴһη칬ɱʱֱԽ칬ɱ󣬶ȡ
ȥ֪ͨͥ
̣ش۷ɳ˷硣
ݵӿĩ磬ֵ̹ˣʮλֵܣϸԪ֮ĩɽ磬ΪݣڼԪ֮Ҫ磬֪ʮֵܣ󲿷ֱնɱֻ˻ǴʵǶϣ
ҲЩ½󣬶ϣգ͵ԼɽףɱȨߣ˭˽̣ǽ֪ĵࣿ
ұλ޺̲סź⣬ݺ˵
ӵģצδʱĿˣգȻֻ죬нֻ֣ΡǱҪնɱ࣡
ˣ־㲻նɱ࣬Ҳû磬ʲôͥҲеһӰˣҪȫ߶죬ɷ㣬޷Ҳһ֣
ĩ˦ֱۣ󣬽Ϸ֮С
ͥ
֮ͥУ
ش۸ոջع飬Ưգţشۡۡţͷ·ֶ֮ͥ
ΣشȲʵ
ĩٻȥҺò⣬ǡ
شۿͥǿˣü˱飬ǰ߶оʲô¡
ŵĩңѸܵ罵⣬˵Ѿɹӷ㣬һͨ
Ȼ䣬ۣţͷͬʱ𺳶ɹˣ
شһ̾ǰǳɹˣĩѾ롮ǡ񡯣÷칬ʱдǣУǵɹطĩˣἴͨص磬ǽϣҲһ̣
شü͸һݵǣ˼ΣϹͥи֣һɹͳͳȥ磿Ƿĩǡʧܣôǣһնɱ
ĩֶΣǶʶϸǡѵһ˶֣򱧲̬ͬ˵
ִ£ȻǣһʧܣǹͥǴӴһ겻񣿡شɼš
أ
شһֱĬľ޺ţͷ
ʱţͷ񣬴ԼһɶߣȻƺˣۣȥ磬ΨһŵĿģһ뿪Ȼסֻܿĩɫ
ҵ˼ֻ࣬ǲܴȫȥһ룬ʧˣͥҲеɽ磡شۿشۡ˵
ش۱һֱŷ̬ȣ𽥵أҲ˸ı䣬ͷ죡
ȥ׼ɣ
ţͷ񣬼̷ͬͥ

ϻ£
֮У߾𡢳ͷϼؽ౦ۡġֶˡɲŮ¹ùãԼʮİ뽣ն졢ħҶȽš
һʱ䷢չ֮УѾнӽʮ񣬼˼룬ʮ򷴿ˡ
һ޴Ȼ
󷨿ռͻȻž
ֻ˶򶫻ͷվɶȻҶͬƻǾͰռƻ£Ϊ·ͥڡ̫Ҵ½˸Դһɷֱͦʮ֮칬̳𹥻
ͷ׵ʮ죬ʱȻ̣ȴ㹻͵Ϯ칬׼ˣ칬Ҳ׼ˣ
ȥ׼
ն졢ơҶȼ뿪󷨿ռ䣬а񣬼ϸڡ
ã
Ҷ붫ͷȼϻϿȴһᣬֻӰ˲Ϣ޽֮ؽٶ
ͷߣǽ̫飬߸żİ
˫ɶѼƻ߽̫顣
ƻ칬֣ƾʵκıƣ޷óѣ統ˣɱ칬̳඼Զ֣̫鰲ƻ̾ͬ
֣Ǿ֣칬ŶǻģͷЦ˵
̫һһÿˣϢޣĿ⣬ȴ붫ϹŶȫͬģӲˣҲӦ̳


1648 ͦ
̫һھͷ
ӭ޵еĴڡ
ҶȶգǰŤ״̬µУٻӰֳֶ۵ׯξء
ת˲ֶξҶǰЦݵֵ̫۹󷽰޵˵ĴУ㣬ĳϣΪʦһ·ˣ
ʮ֮ɱ
ξžϲ˿棬޷ϲãɴۣʦܣΪʦ㣬ҵĽ
ЩлʦգҶȲﵽָ߶ȣʦһƬģ
ԾлҶξʩ񣬼ֶۣ̿ɱ֪ʦкν飿
ֶƬ̣νߣˣ¸Դ⣬֮ٽССģΪӪҪɣѵһչжͷ·ɱǰǣǳû칬ǿߣΪѰͨܣֻҪ칬ֲܣô칬ˣͥҲû֣
ʦԵ˵ֻҪ࣬Ƶ칬кܴգô࡭Ӧû֣չɣ
칬ڱһֵģԣɽӦû˿壬֮СģΪʦ滨ŵˣһֱڰעһУֻҪ֣ΪʦʵϣնɱʵȻԽ඼ɱ㣡
лʦ𣡡
ֶһȻǸҶȳһŶ裬ʦذӣԵõҶȾ塣
һˣǬô꣬һֱõȥܣǰйĽʣκûᣬӦòٶزأˣĿǰʵѿԽնɱ벻ɳĸ߶ȣѾԽԪΪɽ磬˷ĩԼߵԼ࣬ʵԽ㣬ˣ봦ͬ߶ȣǱ㳬Խͥţͷ񣬽̫顢߶Ȳ࣬ͨ棬㣡
Ǭ
һ̰֣ͬҶд̹ʦѼʱħ֮УһֱӪʵжԸ칬ϴ̫ƻ׷ħܶ飬ֽȻǬշΪĴ֣
ֶֶ޼κһ״̬һΪ޼ıǬʵҲԽ˰񣬿ϧĵˣ࣬㣬ΪӵеһδοΪʦʮ֮󣬵ʱĿ
лʦô꣬һδεĽ̵εȥɳûʦ𣬾ûеӵĽ죬ʦģƵ칬Ӿٻֶ죡ףҶȹֶʩ
ȥ׼ɡ
ֶ۴ξ΢΢һЦ̤նȥ
ҶĿȥȻ߶ǧͼһͻعңԶ̫Ҵ½
ͷŶʥ֮УһϤ׳ˡ
ɾĿȸ֣ҶҶԶվǰȻȷɽʥɢˡؽԪˡҷʥ칫졣ȻһҶҶĪȻʸɡ±Լӽڡ
мԭǧλԺԼҶȵκ޳ҢֵܡԯģȻἰӨӨաء
󲿷˶磬Ҳꡢٻ硢ϵˡ
ۼһٶˣÿɫ࣬뿴ǰڱ֮ϵҶȡ
Ҷ֪֮󣬱Ҫɱ칬潻ս̫Ҵ½ȻΪһ·󲿷֣Է磬һ̤ɽ磬޽֮أ޽֮زǾͷ滹йһˣʿУߵĴڣ磡
ҶȶϷƽؿˣ˵Ƶ칬ǾͿȥ磬޷ֻԶɽ磬׼𣿡
Ƶ칬

ʥǵջصš
Ȼ׷뿪ʥǹ㳡ϣۼˣΪﵽ٣ϧΪ̫඼һ١
ɹɾҶҶԶĿͷҶȴ߶ͨһǳ֮Χգʧ
ϻ£
ɽ֮ϣķӪγɣʮˣӶϻ·У𽥾ۼ
нն졢ħ𣬴ͥڡˣ֮ķˣȻ߿գͥڡ˵Ĵ죬ӭչ
ߣкüϼǺպǿߡ
նߣҲгͷؽ౦۵
ħߣȻŵĶ߾Լ
ҷǻġֶˡɲŮ¹ù񣬺෴ˡ
ಣ
ķӪ׼֮ʣҷգͻȻ˸һǳ⻷߳ˣҶȴаĵū̫Ҵ½һˣǰ
λ
ҶȻعķӪʱվתˣƺӣգƷڣɴۣˣɱ칬̳죬ڴ˿̣־ɳǣᳬԽˣԽˣƵ칬Ҳһۣ֮У󲿷˶䣬ֺ࣬η޷ȥ磬ɽ͵һ޴ĻĹУʲô壿ɽ绹δǲΪԼҲδǵˣԼŵңԼˣ
ɱƷ칬
߾߳ʮˣͷų޴ƣһ
ͦƷ칬
ʮˣ󷴿Ӣһͬߺ

ն˫ֽŴڣСꡱֵĴ죬ֱָ֮ϡ
Ȼ󣬽ն졢ħҶһͬ󲽣ʮ򷴿ߣط޽֮أɱֱƹ
ˣ
ɽ޽֮ؽ
ʹޱسգƺڰУӷľٶƺƵͦ޽֮أ̴һӡ
Ȼʧա
޽֮ء
һ֮С
˿̣ʼۼٶٸ֣Ȼһһ֮У̫ƻ׷ħŶȰʵʵڴڱ֮ϵǬԱǷħħԼһѪߣ
Գħɱƶˣں󷽸֮Уյ֣ȫʧȥâֻǰ
ǬȻһŻƵĵ£һͨˣ˫ۣһɿµļž֮⣬һɨˣԽͷķȻͦƺƵ̫ƻ׷ħ£Ұܶ飬Ϊԭ򣬶Ϊ˴һΣʤ֮ǰ칬ػᵹΪϴֵǣĴûᣬҲǵõܣõĻᣡ
һٸ֣¶ͬɫ󲿷ֶϲ𺳣Ψ̫ƻ׷ħ桢ȼǿߣһֱżɵǬϣ˲ٿͷ
ʵǬ濹⣬ܾ˰ɣҵȵĻᣬ٣ܾ֮ʣҶõĻᣡ
ǬԱߵħһ£ޣħѪߣﵽ˼ĸ߶ȡ


1649 Ŀ
߸ϵǬȻϢޣȴŭѹȫ
վǰĶλڰ׷ħ桢̫ƻ֮£󷽻ɱƶ֡
վǬȭηϴشѵΣҲҪⳡ籩
Ҿأ
Ǭذ⣬תӵֳһǿߡ
һΡΡ˵칬ʵҹƶˣǰ½粨ϴι¼˭֪Σ᲻о޴ı
һپͷ޷ٳشһΣֱ칬ռͷҪʧ
̫ƻ۹ķ˷תˣǰǺ»ʲôΪληͥˣеڣͷҲѹһηҪǿĶ࣬ˣ߾ǿɴۣƷ칬ϹŶ꣬նɱ칬Ĵڣ

һЩ񣬸û˼ٴη칬ϾϴβʹĽѵӡÿС
ʮ䡣
̫ƻ׷ħ桢ħҴ칬޵У˶С
£˭ɵ칬ˣ
һʧܣ칬ƣһͬδ칬ʲô
̫ƻŶˣһ䣬Դû˿һŵİ׷ħ棬Ȼһֱδԡ
һٶ뿪
⡣
ۼһ໥н
ǬƺôƼΪ
֮ʵãǰ̫ƻ׷ħ棬жǬħû𣿷ħǬģ̫ƻ׷ħ桢ˣʮΨһ֮һʵжǿ󣿶ȴǬŷǬȻо
ֵܺ۹⣬ǬһƣȻɽûͷʵӹɣ
ܹ칬ǶǴҲкӣηȷǰһΣкܴƣ
һ߽һ½ݡ
ȺеԳħĵ뿪
ڣȴһֳ
ž
һµľǬ˦ڰգҧĶߣݺݵ·׷ħϡ
ϸԪݺħڵĳͷȻ޷̫֮ƻħħѪߡˣر޴
һһΣ
һԵ̫ƻһ㣬Ǭ𾪹ааƳһ۰׷ħ棺ߣ׷ħúúýѵ޳ٴι칬
ž
Ǭ趯һɻɫľĴڰ׷ħϣĸ첲󱳣ֱ˺һѪۡ
ڣ׷ħ޷ʹ࣬ΪǬµѪۣȻ޷ϣ׷ħ浱ģٴˣ´ˣһĹ
ʶʱΪܣټˣǬʮ⣬Ȼ¶Цݡ
ɽ磬ħڣ
ƯһĢ״ħơ
ħһ󷨣ڲۼˡ
ɽۡħħȴ۵ǿߣħ֮ϣϷʥ̨֮ϣֻħʮħͷһۣһ߳ҡ
ˣ·һħϣҲħڵƿߣһħ˫֮ͫ롣
ħ˸˵ĸоħˣͬһ㣬һ
ħڵ
ֻħߣҵһˣλŮӣһλŮӣǳΪħʥĸ˵ӵĭ
ұλŮӣǺڽ棬
˿̣ħֽ󷨣ɽۻվħʩ񣺡ȷ֤ͥڲ춯һЩ֣·ʧڹͥͥҲη籩֮УҲвͬ
һħ֣ɫ
Ϸħ˵ղҲ뼸ǿ߽õ֤ʵɽľͷۼͥĸ֣ҲǱһЩ䣬ˡ΢߶һһ֮˻ᷢɽʷһη籩ܽΣɽ綼һոµʱ
ħȴ۱ȭħѡ񣿿жϣ
ɽ磬ģҲħаȵģɽһӣβħսҲǸȨ໥ɱΪɽδÿϣ
Ӹ£ħΪͬһΣħڶȻӲܣһЩͷ칬֣ϧһֱڵȴʱһΣõĻᣬħ֣汾̤
ǣ
ħŵǣԥӦ
ܿ죬뿪ħƣħд㣿
鹫ȻȱϯΣıɽĴ¼ҡ
ش˵һ룬ȻԱߵŮӣħҲͬ⣬һͬ
ʦĭһʱһᡣ
ħģƻδָǺúþŮӣ˳޾ػ
Ů׵常ħȬںȻǸԼѪ⣬һָôҲر
ͺãƲתĵ뷨ҲĹۣ
ħǺ⣬žһοЦݣҶȣ常˼ἰǵţѹ
Ҷȡ
ħĿȻһΣЩ˼˸
λҪˡ
ħͻȻӦʲôˡĭͷʧڱ֮ϡ
գۣͳħϿ֮Уͬʱǰ֮Уһˡ
һƵˣᣬϣµĲɣһۣ޷Χһа⣬Ʈ޶
ؼ˫üɫģһ˿а˿˿ޣڲͬ
ħȻЦħڣ׼Ĳ
ħڲôܲа̵ٶȣаǾҪĩ潻棡ħ˲վ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱɽϾͷ
һνӣǳ£ֻԤ֮УҪĿЩô꣬һֱǣͶ
ǰЩʵ֪أɽأʲôͬ
ϰþƯڸ߿ա
칬̳
ǳУһӰֳ֪Ưڻ̫ʼϷ佻һжѾʱȥȡҪĶ
ĮҲһݸд
ϸ·ҪΧ칬̫ʼ
٣ɱ٣ЩɽϣνǿߣڱУ΢ĳֻ֮ţѹκˣ
Ӱ˵꣬գ۾ͷһĿ⣬˹棬޽֮ء
ֻһӰ޽֮ء
΢΢ޱߵ޽֮أЦʱ뿪ɽ磬ع磬һαһΣջӾˣľԪò׳Ϊߣ࣬Ų㣬һֱڽµϣһع磬ᳬԽ㣡
ӰֶֻѰһƾʧ


1650 𹥻
޽֮أ
ƽֲķ籩һӴֱӳɢ
ʮˣڷֳĹɣϵ޽֮طϲۣ֮ÿϷǽɫڻĹ硣
ն졢ħҶȽǸֶһǿİŹϿÿɫʼɱ
ҶǿĸӦ֪ڹΧ޽֮أŴˣıɽʷĴ¼
ͻͻͻ
·޽߲֮ʱգ̧ͷǹƵڣͻȻ䣬ӹڣٴеǿʣеһһ飬ӹ׹޽֮ء
Ȼһɫʥ׽Ӷɵ칬Ӱſʲؽ٣һ칬ִߣֳѩɵʥؽٶ֡
һƬһƬȻҲﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ǰ̫ɽ
Ϊߣɽһֻߣ̫ʼ
ңǰٱǾ˹ȵȹʮһһ룬󷽻һٶ񣬾칬ľԭаþУеʮǿ
һٶ񣬴Žʮ칬ִߴƺƵӹϿգ뺷ֱֳָ·նķ
Ӫͻأ޽߲֮Ҳɽ磬ߴĵطǶ֮ء
ʮӰԶ
ֳֶۡ۴ɡ滨šáֹԫһǿ
ۼȥ޵У֣࣬Ƿһ칬ִ֣һһ֣Īͨ׼ˣ
ƣӦûˣη籩ǵȴʱ뿪ɽ磡ֶ۴˿̵˫֮ͫڣɱ⣬ҿʼȼա
ڲ
ĩŸǡԼشۡۡشۡţͷ񣬻ʮĳһ㽵ٶ¡
ĩµؿ˹һۣ̿Ưڹͷ칬·սʼɱذ֮ʣǱɱ칬ռԪƬصķӡ磬
ɱôֵܣ࣬ζҪͷŤغӣ·ʱ칬֡
޽֮أ
ɱִߣ
Ϸѹƶ칬ִߣʮ򷴿ߣߺ񷣬Ϊ޴ƣѹκȻ
ʱ˿̣ն졢ħҶվһȭָգ칬ݺݵһץ
ɱ
һ񣬴ŷˣͬˮӿ칬ִߡ
칬һٱǾӶд죬ɫ칬Ʈҡӭչɱߣһ

һͷִߴʼ·ܿĹɷ޽֮۷壬չɱ
սǧ·޽֮أΪս
ɲǼ䣬ըź˷ֻǲſս˲䣬Է칬˫ʬ岻׹޽֮Ԩ
ն졢ħҶȴŶ߾𡢳ͷϼؽ౦۵Ȳ־ͷһֱƯӪ칬̫ʼһһִ֣δս
սչսĶ޽֮أô룬жʮɱ˵޽֮أǾɽ磬Ҳܵ޴Ӱ졣
ΧۼľͷǶڵȴ淢仯ѹ칬һǰͺ̣Ƶ칬
վԱߣ͸ɣĶȻ߾𡢳ͷ˽š
ͷЦЩ˶ǲĴڣȿ֣Ƶ칬ɱԴǵᱦ
칬ȫйһٶ񡭡߾ƺ뵽գ˷칬һĻĿһֱ칬ϡ
սʮˣѾǸǿ󣬾ܾʤܵʱ򣬱ȵ˫塢ۺǶһҲ޷Ըʮ칬ִߣ̫ʼҲһˣԸʮ򷴿ߣ֮ûоֹ֣ҲԿ̫ʼ
ս
ǧ֣ݷ
̫żһֱעǰս仯ľ뺫ѩӡөӡȸӵȸ֣Ա߰ȴ
һ񣬿̫飺֣û뵽칬ȫˣģ칬ȻѴͨа뿪ɽ磬ڴˣ赲ǣô뿪ɽ֮ɽ罫᳹׷գǣȥ磬ϣ
̫칬Ȼ칬Ӱӣ칬ϣڹڣʱ̼ս֮УǱɱȥ
˻һǧַ׷
Ŷ
޽֮أңԶһſռ䡣
Žӽս𣬲ɢ޽֮صĸ߿գһƬհĹâ
һǿߣرѡ
ڵĿռ֮Уʮھѣͷſ¶ľͷ
ǿǶ졣
߳һ̣˫ͫͷŽ⣬սâʮߣһһʵôһ£
ˣ칬ɱɽǿߣˣǸıɽδսս壬Ϲһһֱڻ״̬֮Уص磬սӴ˽λȥ׼칬֣
һ֣ʮ֣ڷ
ͬ
ڹΧоһֱעս
һˣҶģһɽأһ
߰ˣһһ޶Ʈ죬Ů٣оǾߡ
ǿɽ磬ǿĴڣߣ
Σػɽ磬Ӳܼκս𣬻ף
һֱսȻһߣŤͷˣľ˵
һλٸҡҡͷΪߣǵΣ޲ӡǱһЩ磬ػһЩҪżɱаȵȣ
Ǿˣɽȱ־õУػɽ磬ɽ粢δ£־ףȷȥֵģ
ȨǾưԣĻйͥ칬ҲҪǾѹסͷ
һߣۻ˵
һ˵һǵȷܲμɽɱҿգɽ绹ϣȥɽԪϺľݽߣɽջᱻǣγһɽĹߣҲᱻһᣡ
һ˵ĺܶԣҺúɣ칬ɽ磬öԪѿߣȻ粻ɽǻȥں𣿻磬ǣػΪɽ磡
һͷŵߣҲտڡ
һ˵˶ʼĬ
ٺ٣
һա
ǧ֣ڿս仯
ֻǬŷħħѪߡ̫ƻ׷ħ桢˸֣עս
ħϣ͸Цݣ𰡣ξڣǬжһһŹ㣬˭âɣұúõؽѹʱ̣ħʱ򣡡
Ҷȣ㾹Ȼǿ󡭡ϵƤڲ
ʱҶȴͬ߶ȡ
ڣ
ҶվսǰΪʮǿߵ䣬칬սȴȻҪǬɫ¡


1651 ԰
¡
սҷ룡
ͻȻһɽɫʥӡ뱬ըɲǼ䣬ʮ𷴿߱ɽɫʥӡը֮¡
칬ʥӡ
һٶִߣطɳ
ԻӶѩɵͬӡǸڣɳһɫ칬ʥӡһٶʥӡҪһٴɱ뷴Ӫ
˫¹꽣
¡
֮УȻǿߣ
ǽ죬Դ߶½һֳһ񽣣һٶִɱ
һƿգ
ն˾Ҫɣɱ˵칬ʥӡ
ɱ
ţҶҶԶɾͭƻǧƵȸ֣ҶҶ𡢾ĪȻ̫Ҵ½ĸ֣ɱ칬ִӪң¸η
ģͥϹŶشµӣô̫Ҵ½ش۾Źˣ
ǰߴ
񣬺Ȼͦ
ͻȻаľԭаڻǰ
һΪмЦ㣬˺õĹޣԭаǿߣû뵽칬ͷҹͥ緢
ԭаѳΪ£㲻֪칬ǿˣģ㻹ѡ񣬼칬ȥ磡
ͬΪı
ͻȻһУ漴˾ԭаڿռ䣬ϵ飬һЩ칬ִߣıȽϽ޹С
û뵽ǿ
ֻһУ
ԭаǱطɳ磬һŤǰһ̣ΪֻһͷĵӣСĺܣһ̣оĵȻԽ
ֶˡɲŮ¹ùĴҲڸ칬İͷʼ档
ɱͽ
һս
ʮִߣѰҷɱȻһͷŵĿˣֱǣ칬Ӫǵա
ٶǻΧִߣ׷׵Χɱȥڵʵǿͻ٣ӵаִΧɱУࡣ
൶ڸ֣ͬʬ壬ŵھͷɱ칬Ӫһ¸ηֻڣҲȻǰ
ս֪Ưʬ壬ʬ壬ͬƯţ콵޽֮Ԩʬ壬Ҳжʬ壬һЩٵİʬ塣
֮֮µգѾһƬѪ
ƣƣ칬ڻذˡ
ս𽥳ΪͷɱأͨˣΧչɱ
˫һٶˣ칬ȻռϷһֻжʮ
սʤĹؼ
һˣɱִ߰񡭡Ǹöˣ
վ˳߾ˣҲһһ߳
һĻΧսľͷ칬Ӫ
׷ɴ۵Ĵڣһ֣ţһǶ֮ǰ£ôȥʵǿʲôز
˿֪
ֻǼ߾𡢳ͷǿ߳˶ɫ칬ӪҲС𶯡
ĺãʲôɱ
̫ʼʮɵصͷ
ʮһͬսΧɢսУֻаĴڣκڡ٣
ն졢ħҶȷڶǰϼؽ౦ۣԼ߾𡢳ͷ﹬ʮǿİ
칬ҲʮһȣҶһƣؼն졢ħҶȶһκη棬ȻһϹŶ
ɱ
ʮ칬ʮ֣սʱȻ̫ʼ˵ֱʮˡ
ҲҪżһһնɱ
߾Ȼб飬һʱ䣬䣬ȻԿ칬
̫ʼҵĶ֣
ħһЦһɳ

칬Էһʵڰڸ߶ȣӳħƺҲ֪ħϣһѣӶѩɵһųħ𣬱ݺ˫յӸ£ħ
Сƣ
ħͥŲ㣬ɵ֮ʣֻǻӶָ֣һѸײڶ֮ƣȻԶָס˰Եޱȵɵ
Ҫ֪Էһ
ȴħ𣬽ָ㵱ռסˡ

Է칬ȫסˣħһ¸Ƥ򣬲֪߷ɶԶ
ɱɱɱ
Χɱ񣬾ȻʼΧħ
ˣȻоͷȥЩ
߾𡢳ͷˣҲħչֵʵʵ˺һֱԽǣ޵УǣԸҲС
ಣ
ϹŶ̷ǰ
ֵܣҲǰɣ
ն졢ҶȼħԶɱһ칬񣬿ʼ档
ʬҪ¡
ҶȴλֵܣȻһִߣƺӣɱ䳰Ц
ҲҪҵҵ̫ˣҶȵһЦȻǿУͲʲô
ʩչ̴֮߶񷷨ڶԷһʱԷǼ׷ɱҶȼ㣬ȻԷ·

ɵޱҶȲӰʵֱһȭɵֻһȭɵִߣɱʬڡ
ٻ鱦Ѫʮٻָ޵У
նɱһҶȿҷս֮Уٻ߶һѪ֮ǹնɱִߡ
ͣ
һ񣬾ȻһУȻӰ׹¡
Ǻ¹ùãӣֲסԷһ񹥻Ҫ䣬ȫһѪڣӿѪ
һŮˣҲɱ칬ԲѣҲɱ㣬ѹһִߣ׷ɱ

ȻһֻֻѪɫ֣ס½ĺ¹ùãȻѪɫֿʼһʧǵūǵǸūһӢľꡣ
ִߣ޵ƣһūֱӰ
ۣ
ūͻȻһѪ֮һӭȥɵ飬ҲհִߣһնΡ
ūʵӽ۷塭
ҶȼһĻңȻ̺¹ùñնɱ廹ʱʹãô֣Ѿ㹻

󷽲Զ
ִߣһһңպýס
ݵؿˣ껹ٵӵаʵ̤񣬻¼
ϣ
ұһ񽣾ͳˡ

ִߣʩչѩɵһδͷſµݵػӶ񽣣һδε赲⣬ʲôЩֻǰЩ칬
û뵽ڵʵ˲
Զһִߣ˫ִһȭףֳֿԪ񵶵ն죬غϡ
ˣͬ߶ȡ
նӵ򶨣෴ԷЩ⣬ϢʼΪնչֳʵȫ⡣
ܾӦУ
Ҳǿڣնƿʼ仯пԪ񵶲һЩصĵӡ
ӡתסԪ񵶣նΪһ塣
ڸҷ칬ȡͷӶȭףµԣ޼᲻ݵƣ˫ȭֱӺն졣
𵶷
һԵγɵĵӶԪɲǣһڶԷȭ֮ϡ


1652 ɱ˹
¡
ִߵ˫ۣԪ񵶾ֱ飬ը˫ϣնһһѶԷͷն¡
һ߰ʬ塭ֵܣ֮ǼʵֻᾫһЩնʬ壬ǰ
ս룡
̫ʼʮ뼸ʮϣİ뷴һİɱ
ֻǻ棬һԴżγСӣɭɭ򷴿һ̫ʼżλȴƯ߿ա
˹
ո˳ʮһˣǴ˹ż˵ˣǣһ룬ͷ֮ˣ·ס
˹ͷ֮ˣЦϼôҪ뱾֣ڳͷ֮磬ֻ٣ڲͻưǱ𣿡
ϼͷŴֿɫɵˣڳͷ֮磬ҲйͬĿ꣬ȴڣǣ޷뿪ģ
Ǿͳְɣ˹ҲûУ½뼸ѣȾʱǷ봥
ȫΪ칬߹
ңǸ߸ϵĹ
Ǳǣ
ڴ˹ԱߵִߣݵԾһɹɾϼ

ϼʵͨûж𣬵˫ֽӡ֮Ȼ䣬ĽΪִ߹ײ
ͻͻͻ
ƶоǺˮƶһʯʯʼ̲ܿͱˮʼźˮ
ҲڰͷУʩչأϵѹִ
콵
ңϼһ㣬Ľ֮Уµ׵磬һ£ӿֲϵ飬Ͻ޵С
ϵߡ
˹Ҫϼ֮ʱͻȻջӶ֣һָϷѹ˽ֱϼ
˹ʱ˱ɣ
ϼ벻˹Ȼ֣͵Ϯ˲ʲôֱһӢȻΪͷβСˡ
ͻͻͻ
ѹýʼ飬ϼܵ޴Ӱ죬뷨ֹؼԴ˹Ŀͨѹ
񽣣
˴·硣
ϼʩչֶΣȻüƳһ׹⣬üķɳУΪһ˸񽣡

һ׹⽣Ϸָ¡һʼһȻء
ǿϼ
Ǵ˹ɫһƺû뵽ϼʵﵽ˸߶ȣ˫˳һᣬһɴŹ˵ȭӡϼ𣬺󷽻һȭӡ˹Хһ˻ȭ
Ƶȭӡʼ䡣
񽣣˺
ϼɫ֪˻ȭӶ񽣣һһ

׹⽣ȭӡȭӡ̲ѣԶɢһȭӡ󷽵ȭӡ໥ײγһײ
һΡ
ϼֱ񽣣񽣱֮Źһȭӡײ
ǴȭӡײײɲǣϼһѪ˱ȭӡƷ

Ա֮һͻȻӶɵ䲻أϼ󷽣һϼԴ
ݲǷ
ĺȻ
ϼһ̣ĴΧɱ˲䣬һߣ˫֣˳ְ
ֻһŵð޷֣תʱŵʶһȥ

һȴߵһָ赲ð񣬼һƷȻһָ޷˵
ۣ
˳ﶯָڰִüģһȭͷСѪֱӺԽɢִصˡ
л֣ϼסΣߣл
öϼ𣬵ͷʾ⣺ｻңúϢִ֣߳
СĴ˹
ϼŭ֪߿һ۴˹ʵԶԶ˺һ

ִߣһӶļɵ˹ҡ
˹ϧţ꣬㣬Ѿûʸ񣬵õҵϿɣѣ¶ٵ޹ֶ˫ȴɿһɲɣϢϵͷŶ
ʲôˣѵǶ֣
˹ɵǺݺݵ۰ͷȻ˲սͬʱ߶һ칬ʥӡ
칬ʥӡγɣһ־ǿѾģ־ͽնɱ
ˡ
칬ʥӡ˴γΣڸ߿տʼ׳γһ׳۵Ľ𹬡
𹬣һʱ䣬ͷΧ˵עɼ𹬵ﵽô˼ĵز
ѹ
ɴ˹ΪҪ˫һѹɫ칬һѹƶȥ
˹ֻĿһգڽɫ칬һ̣ΪһӰƾʧ
¡¡
ɫ칬֮գѿռѹһ˵ӣڶģ·ǶħĴ졣
ȥ
˹ƺӦĴڣһѹɫ칬һһ򣬶Աֳɵ칬Ȼ𽥿˹
ۼ
ǿίʵţ˹̣Ϊ֮ǰЩ˿־嶫ԭ򣬿˿һͬǿ״̬ϵطɫ칬
ɫ칬һתϱ֮ǰǿһ
˿̣սΪҫ۵ĴڣһʥգգһĻ˵Χۡ
ĺã˼ٿ꣬칬Ƿ޵
Ծ޴Ľɫ칬ʥӡʩչ٣ǻֳ̧ͷɫ칬𽥵ģ˫ͫ⣬ʼ
ѹ
˹׼ֳüִߣӶ˫ۣݺݵѹ˫֣ɫ칬ʥӡͻһ£Ѹϼ
Ȼ̧ͷŽɫ칬ʥӡ£ͬģΧˣΧΧ۵ˣס˺
ΪǷĺģʧܣôɡغս
ն졢ħڡҶȶòӶǻ̫ʼҲζؿŵա
ͻȻڽɫ칬ʥӡһ̣ұ۵һָһֱһȭµ칬ʥӡ
¡
µȭͷ칬ʥӡ䣬һȭϣɫ칬ʥӡȭͷɲǴ飬Ƭը
ڶѲ֪ʲôʱһƣѹ˴˹ͷԱѾ˲Ϣɱ

칬
ߣƴ𣬼֤˶ǿ󣬷׷ͷŸǿ벻Ĩɱ־ɱ칬
˹½ݺˣ칬ϣѹɽ磬ҶΪ˶ɥˣ𣡡
ɽӵȻƺݺݵѹȥݲô˹ڣ΢΢ʹزһ£ͷ­ͱѹñըʣͷ֮һ֮С
Ǿͷ
ͷ׷׾̾ǿ̫˼ˣͰִնɱĴ˹Ҳ¡


1653 ɱ
һĻ÷ˣƴ
֮칬ִߣһ
ͷ棬ɽ
գԴ˹գǿʤ·˵˵꣬ɴ۵ǿ
˿̣ˣΪһɺɱ칬
˰ͷ칬ִͨߣ׷ŵðˡ
ͻͻͻ
ۿʤͻȻ䣬ӹڷӿһƬ칬ִߣǧŲͬεˡ
֧Ԯˣ
ڰһ칬ִߣ֧Ԯһٺˣٴλͷɱ򷴿
ǡѩ
з֣칬֧Ԯƺ׼칬ױƵȻһӲ̡
Ҷǧ֮УǰӰĿ⡣
ǵѩԱߣˮ
λõģǰ̫ˣɱ
칬֧Ԯˣ
һ֧ԮҲˣǡô
ֻ󷽸߿գ̫ż񣬴һǧǿˣ붼ǹˣƳɱ߿ա
̫顭
̫ʼ̫ɱŭɱ
һ£˫ִڽ״̬˫ٴδ״̬ɱִΧɱ
˿̣߿գ
칬ӣѾȫ߳Ǹɱӡ
ʮӰڹ֮УȻ칬߿ա
˭Ҳ뵽칬ڼɱʱôһɿµĵؿ칬
ĩжˣ
Զ㣬գݳһ
ֶ۵Ρӷĩ칬Ƿڲ磬ȻУΪʦ
ǣ
ʩչͨͨԿĶǴ󲿷־ͷ漣

ĩŸǡͥۡţͷ񣬼ʮ𽥿칬
˿̵칬ΧȻһЩִڰأȻ칬ܣȫս֮࣬ڴӪִߣȻҲв١
ĩһ֣ʩչͨö֮칬ûбκִ߷֣䣬ĩ칬Ϸһ޴̵󷨷ǰ
Ƭ󷨣Եɣ˿Ӧþڲ֮Уߣ
ĩһģγһɿµӡǣȫɽڷ֮ϣһֳͨͷ㡣
Ȼ󣬶ʮ֣һƬϢ֮С
·칬Լִߣûз֡

һӰȴ˲Զ
ûòֻƮĽɫӰ
ӷĩһˣ㣬̳ЦĩǡҪȡҵôҾҪǺ·
˵꣬ʩչͨ
ɲǼ䣬칬һط·Ϸһ޵һһһǿ˺󣬽֮С
ڲһµķ硣
һԲ״̬һ״ķͨھͷһ·ͨ󣬸ӵļ̣ǿȫ˿Ժģȹͥ磬̰ٱ
ɫӰֳ߿գ֪ʲô顣
࣡
ͻȻ䣡
ͬһɫӰȴ۵Ľʹߣֳһ񽣣𺳴󾪣ƺȫ벻ྐྵȻ
ңĩǡ뿪֮
޷Ԥϡ
ǿĽʹߣֱӴ̳񽣣һϴ߶һȫˣﵽ߶ȡ
˿һʱΪĽɫӰ˿ƺһܵ˼ҲûС

ʹȫ̳񽣣š
ǡ
񽣼ɽ磬ԴκʣǶȴˣͬ
񽣴ţϢ΢΢𿪰ˣȻ󣬽ɫԣסԣýʹ޷֡
һȻƤδ˵
࣡ʹ޷˦ɫԡ
㵹ǷĩƵĲϧڱǰʲô˵ֻ꣬԰֣һģڽʹϡ
ɽ磬ԪĽʹߣһ飬ûѪ⣬ǽɫʣһΪ˿
һĻֶԹâϷ
·ΧԹһѷģĿ꣬׷
ȻΡ벻κԹΧһɾ룬׷飬˲ֺë
棬·̾һޡ
ƣ
දˣһƣ֮ϡ
䣡
һƣ¶һŴСĿӣһ룬̾ͼǧ֮ϣԲͷһ̨һ㣬µޡ
ͬޣҲֻ࣬Щ㣬΢΢˥ߣɱдʵȻ㶨Ƿĩͷ칬ػߣࣿ
ңû뵽ɽ磬һŵޣ
һ߳ǧ׾룬̨֮ϣͬʱΧʮߣһͬ࣬ͷŵ
ʮߣ׷׿ࡣ
д³ǻã뱾أҷŹǣĩܷŹ𣿡
һɨʮߣԭ壬ľͷϧǵֱۣ޷һ£ָʱʱγһεѪѪպһ󷨣ְѪϵشͽ޵ڡ
ԭ򣬱ǷĩֵѪά޵
ɱҰɣ֪࣬ˣҪ˷ĩ·ңڰԪΪɹޣȥ⣬ܣΪ屻Ĳס
㲻ص磿ܺ˵
ԳЦȥ㿴ϣ𣿷治ϱɣµķ潵٣Ҿص磬ҵԪҲѾһգң̫̰˺֮Уõһ˺ס˺Խɽ磬Ѿһвűסȴֱĩѹ
֪ĩô꣬ռٵĹʳһ֪Ĵ𰸡
ٰɣĻشϸԪ½Ϊڷɽ磬ѰҴ磬Щ˵УǷô꣬ȻõĺöӵУ
пʣʡ
ҾͲ֪ˣ޻ش
ͣ
ͻȻһֻǿƽɹޣһȻ޵Դ
һ޾޴ͷ­ڼ̨֮ϣѵڣڿ԰ȵϢȥ
̧ͷϷ棺ֵ״̬ĩǡ˻кܴܣͨ뿪ɽ磬ϧˣĩҪҾҪ·뿪ɽ磬Զӡɣɽˣ
֮ԱǵЦЦתһ¼̨ʮ𣬵ߣĮȻʼȥ
ܿ죬·ϷĩҶĿɽҪѹңԶɽ磡
˵ָ꣬ͷָһ
һƿնȥ

ͷ
䡭
ըڳӸߴʼըķ棬ʼӵһٴζǿʬ壬Զڷ֮С
֪࣬ʱʧȥ


1654 ޵еĻ̫ʼ
칬ռݵĹ߿գ
Ŀռ֮ͨУֶ·ϿȻ䣬ֶסü֮ϣһء
ϣδйɫ
ĪǡΧ
Ҳֶܵʱһ𣬶ֶ֪۶ԣεȴڣ˱顣
ۿΧ̱ͫ˲ӵе⣬Χٴüȷ⸽Ϊ칬֮УڣȻʱ£뿪
ǿޱȣ㶼Ķ֣Ȼη籩кܴܣͨͨ˵뿪ɽ磬ǲ칬磬Ѱ뷨ĩˣһͬԸࣿ
ˣӲˣϣõˣǻǾ䣬ĩˣ潻棬ҵ׼ȷٳҲ٣㸴ӣоͨһСģȥ޻أ
˴ʱ£˵С뿪ɽ磬գͨҲҪǧܴͨʱȷ᲻ٴݣ
ϣƣǿ࣬Ҳ޼ƿʩֶֻۼΪӪ
˼칬ƿصķӡԵ
ʱ˿̣칬
һǳռڡ
ķӡγɾ޴Ľռ䣬һ޴ʥڿռ䡣
ʥ޵ϢӵϢڷ֮䣬Ǵ˵еʥޣ롣
˯˫ۣͫ˹󣺡ĩϢĩѵǷĩʼද֣ĩûаյ£Ȼ֣Ҫ뿪ɽˣ
ۣµĲ
һԽɫӰǳ֮ɽΨһʥϷǿڣĩǡ񣬴ϤĹ֣ͥɱҵ磬Ѱ򿪵
ʥޣ峤ǿۡ
۱ķӡѹ޷ֻ䳰㻹飿֣㲻׶ԸɣȻһ죬;ĩ·
;ĩ·ҲɣҶԣɽȷûδĩ;Ҽ뿪ٴλع磬ͥĩˣԶ
㲻ɱң
ɱʲôȻΪãҾڷյɽ磬ԶʹܵӡҺң뿪ɽ磡
࣬㲻óѵģɽӵδһˣֻ졭Ѫ֮ͫУɱ⣬ϧƺûж
ҶԣɽֻһΪǿߵĹҵõԳΪͷһУ뿪ɽ磬칬Զɣֻع飬˸㣬㣬ѱĩĥԱһ֮У
ЦЦתȥ
㲻óѡ
ǳռ䣬ص˻ߵŭ
޽֮أ
ս޵Ŵ̲սӼңս˫γͳһӪŶնɱ˹һƸǿʢһơ
ս֮£ƯŸʬ壡
̫ʼ㻹ں棿
ͷ֮УӪУȻ߳ս׵ĳħնɱ񣬲ֱɣʵѾǿ󵽲˼ĵز
˿̣һˣǰһ
ǰ칬Ӫ֮У̫ʼħ𣬵һЦħ𣬵ɱˣɱˣб£ǰ˵
ȶáħֱסɱ̫ʼȴܱס

߾ɱ
һͷ߾붫ɳԽħȻ߾һǰ

һγ߹ɻռɱ칬ִߣ뼸ǰ赲İ潻档
һȭ߾ѼѪ
ݵ÷
һһ칬ǿİٱǾոշɳ߾ӭǰ˿ʼ档
ǰԶǻ̫ʼ
۰һȥﵽĵط칬
֪̫ʼǻ칬һϣҲͻƵģһͻƣ칬ڼ
𣡡
ͻȻһ̤
䣡
ǰһɾֱӲգϣֱӿ̫ʼִ߸赲׷֮ϣڶ֮Ѿ̫ʼֻǧԶĸ߿ա
Խзͷһɱ̫ʼǰ
̫ʼطɳڣϤֻΧƣ㣬ݺ칬ʱգһ̫ʼĽŲֹס
ˣǿ󣬵ҪСЩϹŶЩˣһδŭ
һᱻҴ𡭡
̫ʼϿȻ˫֣Ҳֻ
ಣ
ӿٶȣȻ󵱿ʧ

ֻ̫ʼһȭǰֶ˸һȭҵײһ𣬾Ȼ˫˭ûдƣ෴ﵽͬ߶ȡ
һĻҲľͷĿ⣬ɽǿߣɴȻԻ̫ʼδռϷ磬ףһΪδﵽ߶ȡ
ಣ
ֻͻȻգ򶫻
žžž
һȭȭֻֻһδμ٣Ҳ̫ʼĮ飬һηֻ֣ס
̫ʼⲻ˶á
Զħɱһ񣬻߶칬ʥӡ޲̫ʼ֡
ͻͻ
̫ʼ֣˶ó̫ʼȻ΢΢ռϷ磬ݲȣԵԽĴڱ
ڴ˿̣ӻ̫ʼҸһһӰһӰһӰһħ⡣
ħӣ鹫ӣ
̫ʼ˫һ𣬾ײˣħ鹫ӡ
ߣͷ潻档
ٺ٣̫ʼϵĲ£Ȼʵ鹫³ɺͷа˵
ɱɱ㣬ûģ
̫ʼͻȻһ裬һֻƿչ鹫ӡ

鹫ӴһӰֻײһȻӰ飬鹫ֻľײ˳ȥ
ֻͨû뵽ǿ󣬹ֲõֻܱ꣬ѹ
ƣ
һħȻΪһµħӰֱӾӸ£̫ʼ
ħӣʵ鹫Ӳ࣬ﵽ۷壬ңһġ
ԿħӰ̫ʼһδ߶ֻ
¡һ
ֻԵ޵УħӰ˳ƹħƺ֪̫ʼ޵УԵһֻ

ٿȻ
׼ʱˣΪ裬ָץ̫ʼƿն׼ȷץл̫ʼҸ첲
ֻǣ̫ʼҼ磬ͻȻһУֱۣ֪ʲô˻ȥöֱ۷飬˦һȦ
ǿ
ǿ˵ز
̫ʼһˣħӡ鹫ӼϹŶ˾ͷϹŶȻˣֶ޷ѹƻ̫ʼâ
һĻٷˣ˸񣬻̫ʼǿ˹˭սʤ칬ܵ


1655 ֻ1
߶޵ʥӡ𷴿ߣ
սϼţڶħӡ鹫̫ʼڸ߿ս֮ʡ
ͻȻ䣬칬ۼһ
һ
񡢶ٵִߣսԼˣͬʱᷨһ޴칬ͻأɣѹһս֮С
¡
̫ͻȻͷδӦͿ칬ʥӡһۼս֮УȻը
ǧߣһ񣬾ˡ
ಣ
һ칬ǿ߽ӡ£̳֡
һ̣ͷǣȷ칬óѡ
ݡ
һħӰ칬ʥӡǰʥӡħӰ¶ս׵ĳħӶ֮ħɭɭЦݣһݺն칬֮ϡ

һǿһûִǿߣһ
գۣҶٿȻԱߣһƣ˫ס칬ʥӡžžž˫칬ʥӡϵתײ칬ϳħ¡һ칬ʥӡȻ顣
Ҷƣʵ㳬Խ񣬵ҲܣһӾѹִߣһǶϵһ٣Ҳһ
ᣡ
칬һϴ߶ӡһ칬ʥӡ漴߸𣬴칬ǿڲѿ
Ҷʱ׼֣칬ʥӡƣ칬ʥӡѹȥǰ߾ǰˣֻֽ֣п
ٺ٣ϴ󣬿ҵģ
ħ߶սףе֮ʱʼûϢĽͬڵҰȺ칬ʥӡȥ
䣡
һιԱһ޴Ķ࣬ɽش̴δȫ칬ʥӡ
칬ִֿʼᷨͬʱҶȴ߶ͨײǧ׿ܣ㣬׷칬Ӫ֮Уʹô˿칬ʥӡ޼᲻ݣƣһһУѿ֡
Ϊ˻Σ෴֣һѹ칬ִߡ
ٱǾҲˣ˹䣬³ϾҪ٣
սԵһɹ𣬲ȼգ֮ΪһӰִߣ𣬾ͻΪ
֮УͻȻӿһǱӰǰٱǾ
󷽴ͻȻûһӰǿĳͷ
ٱǾȵͷ֪ϹֶΣɱңɱʲôãһһ칬һ㣬Щѣֻ·һζ磡
ֶΣȻ֪˵̫ˣĵϸû˿գִ߽𣿡
޷ģ
ٱǾͻȻһɷӡΪķֳһ⣬ƺһţΪͨ
䡭
ͷһȭһɹȼյĻ棬ٱǾ໥⣬Ϊ˿ҫ۵Ĺâ
žžž
ԳͷĻ棬ȻһЩΪˣ䲻ӿ빥֮УٱǾ쳣ϧո˱㱻˳ȥȼգ𣬿ɳͷһ׷ɱ
һʱ䣬ٱǾ޷ѳͷ
ݡݡ
䣡
һԽԽգиռ䡣
ͷЦݣͷų֮ʱԽĦʹԽ֮У䲻նٱǾ
ͷκβҡٱǾͷǿʼ
ոһԽһӰٱǾĲӣٿȻѪ漴䡣
лˣͷǰֳĽӻ֣Ȼǰִ߸ֽ֡
ͷȡ°ٱǾͷһţѰٱǾʬ߷ɣٱǾӿ칬ĩգ
ͷѰٱǾͷ߸칬ִ߿ˣһα
̱˹ٱǾкܶİͷ
ֻأ
ս룡
ҫ۵ս֮У
ħӡ鹫֣̫ʼһδδսû˿Կ߿գĴǿߣ
ǿΧ̫ʼһչֻߵľֻ˫һΧħӡ鹫ӵĹȻһɻɫâ׷׵ںϣȻ˹ر˻ȥ
ɱ̫ʼⳡսȥ
Զһ̾
Щִߣһ֣ͬţһؽ౦ۣѹˣƶһǰ
̫ʼһҪֻ
ڶħӡ鹫֣̫ʼѽѷ֮ʣһգˣͷһΪģΪ壬Դ˵Ĵ
˼׷׽кãˣ
°ֻܽϵӰˣ̫ʼ΢΢һƺû뵽𣬻еɱ
ڶϷ֮󣬴ŭԪʲôʱԹֻëСӣ
˵ĺãһΣд뷨Ͳᱻɱ˫ۣ칬ĵ
һ޵ӰŵѪƺɱ˲ˣһ¶һͷƮݵĳ
̫顭̫ʼһ
ʱ˿̣γһ𺳵ĳ档
Ǿ֣𡢽̫顢ħӡ鹫ͷȻΧһ̫ʼ
𡭡
ս֮⡣
ǬħħѪߡ󣬴̫ƻ׷ħȾͷݷ
֧ԮǬһ֮ԱǣЦҺʤİգҲа˲㣬أʵĵλӡҫ칬ϣʲôһζ֪𣡡
ħ죬ȻǬһֱҪɱҶȣ칬ִ߽֣ǳ䲻͵Ϯȫѹ
˿жͷûо԰գǵɱ칬֪ȱѺ칬ۣʱõʱֶҲԱ߶ţɱҶȣ
ǬЦһҶȣʲôҪģֻڵܣõܣȥ磬иĳ룬ǰҪҶԸҶȣһԭΪֶۣǴŮ̫öԸ
ӵеϣȻо׵ܡħץסᣬǬ
ҵȻ֪ڳͷ֮磬ҾͿĲһϣҶ޷ڣоǷ칬֣Ǭʮ侲ضظ
ǬȻöԸ˿ͷԻ侲Ҳã칬Ӫʱʱӳ죡
ħ侲ȥɱҶȣ
ֲñתֻϵӣ㣬ҲһΪǬĸΪΪԸҶȣΣҲʲôɫ
ħȻУǳͷβķ
׼֪ʲôıƣҹͥһֱûжЩһһѲغϢǧ˷ǵĴڣǬһӣٸ֣ʼԽս
˶֣׵أ֮С


1656 ֻ2
ս룡
̫顢ħӡ鹫֣Χڻ̫ʼΧΧ෴ǿߣΧɱ

ս̫ʼмЦ
𳤿գη칬ִƣѹƣֿʼˣڵڶ๬£һɱס
̫ʼ֣ܺãܺãԴսһأϧˣĶ֣˼ȻʵϳԽңһˣԵ˭ҲҵĶ֣
ǿ䳰һ
зߣҾ֪ʲôֻص
̫ʼЦˣЦĺܹ죬ȻüģһŻҰɫľ޴Ż϶ׯϣسУŻͷųԽɽµԣԽ
ܵ𶯣ǡ˵еֻ֮ţ
̫ͷžη˵ֻ֮֮Уߵ޵еӵл
˵ǱСģħӴݵ˵ͬʱڵĻ̫ʼΪ˿¾ͷûмʣǿҵս
ϴǾֻ֮ţɽ磬̫ʼͬʱֻ֮ţǱõֻߣֻ֮ţһֹ޸У̫ʼڵʵȻﵽ֣ϣѹϴϽ٣
ԶҶħɱִ룬ߣɱһ·ħֻ֮ţĿ⡣
ȷһ䣬಻󣬳˴Ԫˮʮ٣ҵκη޷ֻ֮ȣһһأ
ҶȻ̫ܵʼڲͬǿϢֻߣһֻߵȻﵽ߶ȣҡҡͷѾɼϧ޷ﵽٸ߶ȣҪһЩİܾ٣
̫ʼȻǿ󣬿ô֣ռһЩʬ壬ﵽ߶˵
ħһ쳣侲ûһζسӻ̫ʼҶһԿִߴ
̫鿴Χ֣Сģ
ɣ̫ʼһηģֻ֮ţض֮£⸱µƣ˵ĵ֮
ɶ
鹫ҡһ䣬״̬ʧˣΪһ𣬳ͷĿɫߣһģһϧͷ­
ݣ
ͷ­һ񽣣ͬƵĴͨȻÿһͷٶȴﵽ޷Ŀӵزһ񽣣̫ʼ
鹫ӣʵȻǿ󣬿ϧˣϵľŴǧУпܣҴͬ߶ȣ
鹫ӱ¹̫ʼȻʹֻ֮ŵĴҲûУһȻָһץһŤ
ಣ
һаĻɫ赲鹫ǰ

鹫Ӳ߶ʮһ߶񽣣Żɫƣݺݴ棬ɫֻһ鹫ٴι֪ɫͻȻһת
䡭
һɻص֮ӻɫת֮У·ӵͬĹ鹫ӱɻص֮ص˳ȥ
̫ʼٿȻһָ鹫Ӿ޴·޵еץȥȽһ鷳˵
ָ
鹫Ӽ̫ʼɱܣϧ˽ɲǣͬһ޵ָͨ赲鹫ǰ̫ʼָײ
˲γɴըֻ̫ڻ̫ʼҷ˫ü˸Ϣ
׽磡
ħΪ޴ħӰĺɫͻͻͻڻ̫ʼΧ
ħʵ鹫Ӳ֣࣬Ӿˣ鹫Ǳ֮壬ֻһѰħʿ٣ܴﵽӽ۷ĸ߶ȣ
ħװΧ֮У̫ʼЦ
ħ׿ʼȼգγһ磬ħףΪ޴ħͷſѪڣ趯ħצĻ̫ʼ
ֻأ

̫ʼһħ׽磬ͬһɹɻص֮ɢͬħӣҲ˺ü
֮𣡡
ûһͷնֳһëŸոɱĻ̫ʼһɨ
ݣ
ëʼ̫ʼ
ƣ
̫ʼ֪ߵһʩչ츳֮ȻûܵӰ죬һѪۣĴ֮γһɿµľ޽·Ҫѻ̫ʼ
̫ʼֻߣǴߣҵ츳Ϣ˵ĵͨҸպÿƣʮֵЦ
ԭ߻ͨ
̫ʼЦĺ⡣
飡
֮˻̫ʼôնɱ̫ʼʱ̣ǿĶץסᣬһȭռ顣
Цȥʲôҵֻ֮ɣ𣡡̫ʼɲܶ˻˫ͻȻһɹɻɫȻΧĴ֮𣬶Ϊ˻ɫ·Ļ䡣
ಣ
̫ʼԭʧ
¡
ԶľȻ̫ʼʧգ׵Ŀռ䣬Ȼ飬ǵľ󣬾ҹգķ˸ͷŶĿǹ⡣
ս
̫飡
ǿĴڣڶδס̫ʼ֮ʣͻȻ˫һϣƿյգֳսϵش֮С
ᣡ
Ȼ̫ĹԻ̫ʼӰ죬֮У޽ͻȻһĻɫâսб޽֪ʲôǣȻʧȥԶʧ
ֻ˹أ
̫һֻߵ۽磬һ棬ҲЩţʴﵽ˸߶ȡ
һһ
̫ʼֳ칬ۣѺۣڶ𡢽̫鹥£ҲܵһӰ졣
ûأ
鹫ͷͻȻһɫ⣬⻯Ϊ޴ߣſڣݺգҧ̫ʼ
ᣡ
ɫ˺ҧʱ̫ʼûܣͻȻһģһɻɫɫߣ˵һһжʧˡ
֮𣡡
˺ѣ
飡
֮磡
һѹ˻̫ʼ
ôĴͷɴһ֣ͬԴͨëħ˺ѵֻգֻռγһ޽硣
Ĵ󹥻Ż̫ʼ
Ĵǿߣϵ˵󶼿նɱ˵γɴ۵Ĺâͷſ
ֻ֮ţ
̫ʼڴ߶ڴħӡ̫ˣϹ£Ҳòʩչǿ
ˣ
еֻ֮ţͻȻû޴󣬷ֻŻ·һŻһأŻû֮ͻȻںһ塣
䣡
Ϊһֻ֮ţֻǵһΧ޵Ľ磬ĴȻؿʼ飬ֱӱֻ֮ƣɨ飬·屬ըױȣΧһУͳͳǻ
Ĵ˲䵴Ȼ޴棡
칬
칬
̫ʼǿֻ֮ŵ޵Уڸ߿գչֵܾ£ִ߼ܹ裬۸ߺ̫ʼУƺ޵ص칬֮һ޵Уһ߸ϡ
ķâҫ޽֮ء
෴ƿʼʧ𡢽̫顭˵ˣһˣԺ칬
ȻʵģϹŶâ̫ʼһסˡ


1657 ֻ3
̫ʹ
ҶܵݺκΰѹǿߣֻĶ֣ǽ̫ߡ
ǣ̫𡢶֣Ȼ޷ѹ̫ʼħӡ鹫֡
̫ʼʵȻԽ
˵󣬻ֱ̬Ĵڣǵһ֣¹ͥκһˣѹ
ֻ߼ֻ֮ţǰ񡭡̫ʼʵҲң٣ȻԽﵽ٣һ󣬶ҵĶֻ֣ߡĻ壬õı
˼Ƭ̣Ҷնɱһڣֱʩչ򣬰һȫںԼ֮Уϧֻͨ
֤̫ʼǿҶȼӿհӴ
ڵĸ߶ȣѾԽ񣬴ﵽͨ߶ȣҶҪһ񣬻ǼԴﵽģն˵İҶȿԴһٿ١
ҪӶٿ٣Ҫİ֮ǰʮٱħڲնɱհִͨˣѺá
ֻ֮ŹȻԵ޵УСģ
ս룬Ϊ̫ʼ붫𡢽̫顢ħӡ鹫ӽ֣Ϊһ޴˵ش
ͷս߿գȺۣ
գգۣĿһ裬һǿ޷ƥеȭƺ붫ԣκͨ뷨ҪģȭΨһ޼᲻ݡ
ͻͻͻ
һȭȥռ䣬죬̫ʼϯȥ
һֻ֮ǰ޼£̫ʼգϣЦݣ̴߶ֻ֮š
ڣ
Ӱͬһ㣬ɱգŶ֮ڻ̫ʼ֮ʱͻȻΧ̫ʼѸ͵زס̫ʼ
ͬʱȭҲӭײ

֮ŴӡӰΧ
ظ
ħӻһ㣬һ޴ħӰӻ̫ʼϿգѹ¡
֮
һָ̫̯һ˦Ż̫ʼһץһɾ޽ŸħӰһն¡
ֻǰһޣ鳾δֻأأ
һΧһɹɾ̫ʼüһŻӰȻֻ֮һλûΪŻȻŻΧ
䣡
ӰǸħӰֻ֮䣬ֻ黹һɷ󷨣ͳͳֻ֮ŵһΣ׷飬ͬƮ㡣
¸֣ɽ磬ҺΣ
֮䣬̫ʼ߶ֻ֮ţͨκͳͳЧֻ֮⡣
ֳֻ֮ţ̫ʼһɨսһмЦݡ
ֻߣʥɽҲֻ֮ɽһӢۣ
߿գͻȻһУֻһµˣֳһϵķȣ֮ɫԲȦӶȣŻ̫ʼջ¡
ʱ⣬Ӱѹ̫ʼ
ˣʥɽֻǵõֻؾһ־ˣֻߣֻߣʥɽҳ
̫ʼϷͻȻɱǿˣȻſȻۻӶһȭ
ͬ⣬ӭȥ
䡫
ͬϢײһ𣬲һݣųС
û뵽ôǿֳַȣüһ⡣

һӰԱߵĿУһ̤˫Ż̫ʼ·գ͵طһѹ
ͻͻͻ
Ŀ⣬ͬޣ̫ʼѹȥ
΢ߣޱڣҲ뷴칬
ʥ⣬̫ʼ˫ͫһУȻϷֻɫһƬ磬ɫ⣬ײϷȻʧ
Ǭ޼ԣʱգ
Ƭ̣̫ʼͻ΢߹
Ȼˡ΢Աߣһˣ˫ֺһһ޴İ⣬ϵͷʯ䣬̫ʼѹȥ
޼Ҳˣ
̫ʼüͷһ壬ֵĵˣ˲ϢӶۣһģһɻɫ⣬ӭȥ
ʥɽޱڡ޼ڡ
ˣһδܹ裬ڲǵսɽҲ
ͬʱսΧʥɽޱڡ޼ϵӣɱս֮У뷴ѹ칬ִߡ
ɱ
һħѹȶֻɽۡħȴۡħħۣħ֣ɱս֮Уֱ뷴Ӧϡ
ԱһһƬаϢֶа֣һаߴ£ħ֣һɱ칬ִߡ
ţݺ
ɫߣ֣ȫǶ٣ҲһЩƺƵسɱħаֵĲɱս
ɱ
ңս֮⣬Χ۸֣Ҳأ׷ɱ
ǽơǰʮӣҲɣ
Ʒ޴仯·ɱˣֳֶʮˣΧɱ칬ִߡ
̫ʼ״ŭһɨΧ֡
ֳַȣƮ죺칬ˣѰ
ȻҪ칬Ҳǻȥˣᣡ
̫ʼͻȻ˫Ѫ죬һĻ
̫ʼͻȻֻһģһķȻ߶ֻ֮ţһɹ̫ʼΧơ
ಣ
ת˲ֻ֮ű쳣޴ȻʼûŻֻ֮ţֱӲŻ̫ʼΪģϵת
Сģ
˴֣һոպֻ֮תֶ

ֻ̫֮죬ײڶǰϹŶں˫ȭһŻ֮ϡ
õ
ͣ
һײȭͷֻ֮Ŷײ˱Ʒ³һѪŻͬһʱ䣬뽪̫顢ˡ΢ߡ޼
֣³붫һģһ֮УˣʩչǿĹϷȣֻ֮ײϧȻֻ֮ŵַ֣׷ױɡ
ֻʣħ鹫ӣ
ħȭ
ħȼħʱΪˣ˫ȭֶֻ֮ţħӵϣѾŶ顣
ϹŶֻ֮ŵĶ֣Ӳǣ
ս޵У
ҲֻһУֻ֮žͿ԰ײƬ
ͻȻһӣǰͷڲͬսĻ棬ֳһ󸫡
Ӷ󸫣ֻ֮ţӭȥ

սƣ߶󸫣ֻ֮ϷĽײս󲿷ֵˣͷĿѣħӣҲоЩ顣
ĸ֣
̫ʼ΢΢һɱͷսƵӡ
ս壬죡
֣쳹ء
䣡
ţڶֳִ󸫣ֻ֮ſֻ֮֮һһɾѶ˰ס
ʷϣֻ֮ţָû뵽ɽ磬պñֻߵõ
ֳͶͫѪ˿˫۲𶯣ƺղסе޵ս


1658 ưܻ̫ʼ
ս壿
̫ʼӵųԽͨĶ죺еս壬ʧԪû뵽дߣ
Ҳֻ֮ŵܿ죬Ϣָͨ칬ѹɽ磬赲ͨĵ·죬·Ӣڴˣ칬ôٵսķâ

գۼ䣬̫顢ˡ΢ߡ޼ħӡ鹫ҡ
Ŵ֣һͣ޵еĻ̫ʼ
Ȼˣ̫ˣ֣ԭϧһʱ޷ҵ˵ټԼɱˣ
ڶҶ⡢ˣ촫սʵӹɣʵ̫ʼ̫࣬ʼûֻ֮ţȫ̫ʼɱ
Ȼûֻ֮ţ̫Ҳ⿹⡣
ϧӵ磬ֻŵ޵ֻ֮ţ
ͷ߾ǰ룬ȥնɱ̫ʼ
·ͷΧɱ̫ʼôٵҶֵܣ
οħ̫ʼ֮Уעһս
Ȼ
ħѾƯһȻն죬ҲһԱߣҶиͷ漴߿գ˷Ϸ
ħ𡭡
䣬̫ʼ˫ۣĿ⣬Ӱһ
̫顢ˣ׷˺󣬶Ҷȣһɵ⣬Ҷȶδ쳣ɫ˶Ҷȵɱ
ҶȴϣѪĴ
ֻǴ˿̣Ҫ£ȥ磬δϣҶȰ˽£ΪϹŶĴȻҲ÷
Сӣû뵽ɽ磬ӵӰҶȣʾ⣬¶һĨɣЦݡ
Ҷ뽣ն졢һһи֡
ħһ̫ʼоͷ̫ʼҳħ޵У벻Ҫ֣
ħֻһħţֺ̣ӱ̫ʼȻһŭȻѳƣȻ걻ѹ°ܽ
ֻߣҳħ𣬵ȷʲôֻ죬Ϊֻߣҵķâһֱδʩչѣ꣬ʵǿңѹҲһֶΣΪĶ֣
㱾ҵ°ܽ
һֻŰɣħаȻȴûǸ
ΪĶ֣ɽ磬ǿĴڣ
֪
̫ʼ³ֻ֣֮ţΪɫâռ䣬ָɲǴ֮ɱץħ
֮
Ի̫ʼȻֻ֮ţӳħ
֮䣬һɿµ̫ʼһȭ
䣡
ȭָΧͷ£Ѹײһ𣬰ջ̫ʼħһУ޷ס

ħ˿̩ɽ̫ʼЩüͷһ壬ͬʱħһ˿ЦħͻȻӿײ̫ʼ
֮һɻɫ⣬ڻ̫ʼΧ
ħأ
ͻȻħΪһƣųħһѹ䣬ħѹû̫ʼϵ³ͷŵֻͨѶ̫顢Իˡ
һ̣ȴ޷ħ
һħƣĵû̫ʼ³飬ħ·ˣƲϵرչֳԽ
һԽЩϹŶ
̫ħѹס̫ʼʵھòţЩϹŶ޷Ըֻͨħһ˾ˡ
ħʵ
̫ʼħѹƣʵħʵȻǿ
˵ңֻǲܾˣڣ㼴ֻߣҲҵĶ֣óͨɣ
ƵճХ
ᣡ
ȻֻߵͨʼħͷŵħƣȻʼʧһֿʼԶ顣
ҵɣ
ֻ֮չ֣ħƲǶ֣ħͻȻȫʧԣƤͷͫͷų
󷽸֮Уôԣɵʣֻ󣬲˸߶ȡˣǰ֮У޵еĴڣ
ûˣﵽ̫ʼָ߶ȡһοһ
һ˻ˣЩϹŶ͸Ϊߣٳ·̫ȻҲ쳣
ֻߣҵݣ޷Ĵڣ칬ִߣ֪ĳͷʲô𣿡
ħͷԣʱ˿̣ûһ˿ħɵʣеԣħ۵
ʥޱȡ
·壬Ի̫ʼħһۣΪ
ţʮ
̫ʼ֮УǲţħôǿٴηֻӰϱԴһơ
ȻӰںһ壬һɼͬԪ֮ĴͨȻϯħĿռ䣬ȫûκûκβ
ֻߣ޵е츳ͨ
һͨý̫顢𡢶ˡ΢ߡ޼𡢶졢ħӡ鹫ӷ׷׶ˡ
Ǻεȵȫɽ磡
Ϊԣ˵һУּ⣬ƣ˵һжǻ𣬲þ֮
Ȼϯ֮ʥһ˫ֺʮ˳ͬ˵ߣƾһָ

һ޵ʥ⣬ӿ֮໥ײ
ˣ
ʥ˺֮Ȼ֮ڿռ䣬ȫظǣֻһʧһɶ
ʲôʲôͨ
󷽾ͷǣʩչֶΣ𺳵˵
֮˵𣿡
ϤƣҶȣҶȣҲǵһμʩչͨǳƴﵽʩչ˾˵ͨ
̼䣬ѹֻ߻̫ʼͨ
ֻ֮ţ
һΣ̫ʼܻɱٰۣѳħ°֮ܽ䣬ֻ֮ţֱħײȥ
֮
ħһʥԽɫ£ʧȥֳ֮һֻ֮Ϸѵһ֮ϯս䶯񷡣
ˡ
ѹֻ֮Ϸ֮ɴۣ۳ɽǿȻʼܳƿأǸܵǷֻ̺֮Ŀֲ
ڲ
꣡
ųƺüֻ֮žѹϷ֮Ȼײ飬ײڳţó˺ֻ֮ţһιơ
һĻŸͷֱħ̫뺷ֻ֮ײûбը
εȵز
ۣ֮
ٴײֻ֮ţϣֳ˽ţϾǿͻȻüһ
ˣ
ü룬һ⣬ֻۣȻ֣ұһҫս޽֮ص⡣

ӵֻ⣬ֻ֮ײһɲǣˣϯ˷ǽ̫顢𡢶ЩͷҲ׷˺սˣս˰ͳͳ
µͷ̾Ϣ޷˫ֻۣ֮ŵײա
̫ʼϧɽ磬磬һ޷ѹ㣬ΪɽԼ޷ںֻ֮ţ޷߶ֻ֮ŵƣ
ħ̫ʼԳʮ
Ȼ
ųħ˫һֻ۵⣬ҵһα䣬ֻ֮ţʧȥ
ۣ
̫ʼֻ֮ʧȥ󣬶Уţ⴩


1659 Թնɱ죡
⴩͸̫ʼţһѪ⣬
ڴˣһ޵γǳУѪ֮Уͬʱͷ֮еҶȣͫʼմǳϢ
Ҷ¶ϲЦݣͷδע⵽ֻѪ⡭ڵõˣֻҪնɱ̫ʼѪ⣬ҵ֮
ֻ֮ţ𣡡
ʧȥŵĻ̫ʼֲΪһѪܵħͷʢŭ֮£ٴδ߶ֻ֮ţŻû

ƺ˽ƣĳħ𣬴߶ͨ赲ֻ֮ţֻ֮ңײгƣһٿȻɡ
飡
ĺȻɱһȭռ䣬Ѹϯ̫ʼߴ߶ֻ֮ţ赲֮ϧ̫ʼƺҲ״̬֮òϺˡ
ͷ׷׳֣Զ졢̫ΪΪ̴ֻ֮ͨ档
칬ʥӡ
̫ʼ֮У칬񣬷׷׸߶ǿ칬ʥӡڶϻ
ƣû°ɣ
һҶ뽣նڳħǰ
Ѫˣ¶Цݣ˼ʬ壬ڻָ̫ʼܲˣ
һָ˿ǰǳ֣ôͷ̫ʼܾѶ칬ִߴ𣡡
ಣ
ڶͷΧɱ̫ʼԼΧսʱ
ͻȻܵĻ̫ʼ֮ʣڵϿ֮УһƬڶȻһֻɫ֣ͬӥץСƵģץס̫ʼֻ֮ţһ£ʧ
˱һĻ𺳵޷ţ̫ʼ칬֧̾޵ϢܴôͷƤӵ£ѻ̫ʼߣ
ʵӪȻ̫ʼȻ칬֮࣡õ̫ʼʬ壬һֻͿԷס
ڣͻȻɱĽɫ֣ѻ̫ʼߣӽ̫顢졢Ⱦͷ
ɱ칬ӲˣƲϻִָЦݡ
ͬʱˣ칬ִߴ֤̫ʼĴܣڷͷǿƣ޷ֵʼԴݿƣڽʤûִߴ
෴칬һɵѩżԼʮͷʼս߳
һƬʱ֮ͨС
һɫӰǱĻ̫ʼֶͨ·ƯһŮӣֻǿò
̫ʼε๪
̫ʼƮ˵ѾĲһ֮ɽڶǿ߽֣һҲ̶ֳȣ˲ɽһʱ̣һʱʤȻЧңһ㣬ȫѰҵֻ񼣡üĿ
ܴɽ磬֮ݹɽ磬Щνľͷ˭лˣ磿
һ̫ʼм㣬Ҫ¡
侲̫ʼȻϷͨеŮʵ˭
һֱ˵ģǸһж׼ãʱ뿪ɽ磬ֻ֮ǰҵҵˣͷصһЦȻ֣һ̫ʼڣڵǱһ̤磬ΪʵѳԽһ󣡡
һжǹ̫ʼԼţȻڿʼϣͶء
һ֮ʧص硣
޽֮ս
̫ʼߣΧ۵ľͷˣ뷴֮Уʥɽ޼ڡޱЩɼ룬칬ִڲ֮С
˿̣ͷǣɱǰֹԼΪ׵ִ
䡭
׷ɱִֽһսϷ
ͻȻ䣬ڹڣһаħŮӣʮħֶγյаԶѹѹضסڣִ㱻Ϊ׹ǡ
ͷ֮УҶ̧ͷаԶ̫ϤŮӣˡ
ģħĸ֣а̽ǰѽ칬ΧֻҪЩɱԽڹϣ
ħӷҶȴһ
ħа̽ˣϢҶ𾪲ѣͷȫˣʤԤУѾԤ
ʱִߴڷ֮УҲΧɱ
һӰ֪ʲôʱ򣬺ȻִϿա
Ŀһӵе֮ǿߣճХĩյˣ֮Թոи˽ᣡ
Ҷȡ
̫ʼߣȻΪ칬Ĺǣɼ࣬ôܣ칬жߵĵλ
뿪˵أǱƲֹۣղѻ̫ʼߣ˵Ѿɽ磬뿪ɽ磬磬ҵⳡս󣬲Ӯӣҽ磡
ѩȥȻһģѩˮƿնȥ
Ҷ½κ赲ִߣһȫ죬룬ѾӦøоĵѷ칬Ѿ뿪磬޷ȥ磬ΪѾûжĿλһƷص
ûδػһͬһ£ƣϵرҶȣԡ
ҵԹջɣҶƱޡ
ȭ
Ȼ䣬ϤͨϢŵ𣬴ﵽ۷ǿ˫һƴ󹭣ͻȻҶȣ֮׷飬һγһɺȭӡҶȡ
ΪĶ֣죬ұӦɽҶ˫һ֣ӿȭ
ͻͻͻ
Ƹ޵еĵȭո˫ȺͱȭУʼζȭȻ飬㣬ٿȻιΧ
¡
ڿռ䣬±ըոձһֻ֣ڵͷ­֮ϣǾ˰Ҷȡ
յ㣬ҵĶ֣ڣȻӲҵĶ֣ߣҼɣΪҵһе׷׶ңҶȲѹ񷡣
һĻķͷִĶʧȥս־
Ԫķ괷򣬵ٿ־壺ҶȣܣҵһУܱᣬΪߣǲͬʣһתһˣҲӵתΪ˴ƹѹȣΪѰýϣѴ߶ڶѾңֻʣµһңֻǶҵı壬Զܣõߡõҵʣϧһֱûж֣ڵңѾʣ

ʵڴ֮⣬ʣȻģ
Ҷ벻֪ݣһֱõߣʣڣȻ֮ʧ֮ۡ
еһУҵġ
ָݺݵһѹͷ­һ⣬أһ𣬻ر˫ۡ
ˣ
ˣһʿ
ǻ̫ʼߣɽնɱҲû˿ԥηɱִߴ
ִ˵Īĩǰ١


1660 Ⱥ۹칬
죬һôۺ֮󣬼ںֻ½٣ˣ
ʩչ򣬰ѵʬ壬ڡ
Ԫôۺϧûʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҷϻ̫ʼô٣Ҳ롣
ۣϾͿԾ
̧ͷƺԿڹ۷칬֮УһͷѹС
ɱ
ԥִߴϽȾͷĨɱִߡ
ȡ磬ɱ칬
˿̣ۣ֮칬Ϸſķڲ
һƬ棬ϷγһԲͨͨΧķ֮Уˣ׷ͣھΪټķӡ֮УϷԲһɼ̵󣬾ȻϵػصƺɱС
๤¶ЦݣΧִ̾ţǿʼ㼯ߴ
칬һѵǲ磿
У̫ʼƯţӴ󷨣Ϣȫںϣû˿ԸӦĴڡ
Ի̫ʼʻຬЦ칬˵ֻһߣҡҡʧ磬ϴλص磬칬ɽ磬õɣٴδ칬磬һӦ֣͵͵Ǳɽ֮У
ʵЩ˷ѡ̫ʼҡҡͷ
칬ֻǽƵһרΪˣƷԣֻˣô꣬ٵ½磬ڷ硢ɽ֮УѰֻ֮ͬŰľر仯ݣԪУߵʱգ׹˴ǧ硢ɽ֮Уֱ˵õһֱĳʱգƩ㣬պþ͵õֻ֮ţô꣬ռٵ㹻磬ֺЩͷ
ĩǡ½磬ҲΪɽѰҾ
Ǳһ֧Ӷܵһã½Ѱ׹ɽľϧô꣬ĩˣ󲿷ֱնɱȡõУӦûжٵľȻʲôʣĴ˵ıͨͨ԰лתУ֮ģʲõı
ҵֻߡǾ޽еģ
һû̫ʼͷƤ飡
ҲǾƿصϢĿǰΪֹ绹ûֻߣδ޷ԤĪ⣬ش𼸾仰Ȼû̫ʼͷԡ
ģҲ㵱Ʒλع磬;ĿʼҪǿ
·𿴳̫ʼļɵ˻һȻû̫ʼɫ糣
·
ͷϲ칫ִʬ壬ֻʣִ߷ǣħ𼸿ȥ˲ִߡ
սڣһΧΧִߡ
ʮ򷴿ˣΧɱִߣֱǴɱֻǰʱս𽥵عƽ
ʱ˿̣ն졢ơҶȡ߾ϼؽ౦ۡͷ̫顢𡢶졢ˡ΢ߡ޼鹫ԼֶˡɲŮ¹ùõȾͷսǶʮˣУֻʮ֮һǰͷ
෴ˣ½ڹ·ɼΪ䣬ڹնɱһ칬©֮㡣
ʮͷŽǿߣʼħԼħ֣ѽ
ôǿߣħа̡塢Ϸɽ

ڽ;ͷ۷칬Ȼͷż̲ơ
ң칬ΧľͷΧΧһħ֣һа֣һ֣иͷ񼸺һٶٰͷ
ŷնɱ칬ҪЩͷվ칬ս
ϧ޽֮Ÿӿֲѹڹ·ļʮˣ칬ĻǶô׳۵һĻ
ڷ
ߴڲ
󲻵飬ȻĩŸǡڽ֮С
ͥۡţͷʮ֣һ̧ͷһȻһԲȻͨһ⣬΢΢ؽ
磡
˼⣬һϲ⾡ͷǾ磬ܽ硣
ĩһѴھɹģ칬ٸ֣δ̤磬ˣȥһ
ͻȻ䣬һӵƮ
ĩһ𣺡࣡αΪУҶΪ˰£磬˵Ҫ棬һ·
ҽĿ𣿡෴һ䡣
ɱ
񼴿ͷһƣغ֮УȻӿһף֮ϣֱӷߴ
ಣ
֣һȥ
֣ĩ࣬ˣ
֮⣬ֶۣڷ֮У˫ͫɫâƺŵֶ۵ͷ
໥ɱֶ۳סʱʱ̵̿ȴš
칬֮⣡
ʱ˿̣ͷǣڰΧ칬Χħа̽ȸ֣칬ΧˮйͨһЩִߣվ칬Χſڣиִڵȴ
˫ʱܣնɱɱ
ɱ˵أ¶ٵˣһԥʲôˣɱ˵£죬Ҳһ
߾߳˷ͷף˵ʶģʶģͶȥ⣬ȻֱӴ¾ϯ칬
¡
Ӳӵ칬ʼ
ಣ
ħа̽Ը֣Ҳһͬۺͷ׷׳֣ͷǣҲ漴֣˼һˣȫǵɽ磬ǿĴڡ
˺ϻôֲ
ɽû칬һ칬Χǧִߣȫ칬Žգϵرϰٰ񣬼ϼ֣Ҳնɱ
һܵʧȥԡ
࣬Ҳн죬ǿɽĶ𣿡ϷǬ΢Цš
ڵȴ
뷨ĩڽ֣ܺܿҪ뿪磬ұץסҶȣǬһֱŷǿеһ
䣡
һδιٵǿߣȻ޷칬ؼ칬Ϸķ磬·һӵޱߵ칬һô֣Ȼûִ顣
λѣǾһ֮칬ɽһϣ
˿̣
գƯӰ
ɽߣ
ͷ̾ѡ
ಣ
˴ͨŹ⣬ɽ籾Դںһ޵еƣ·ɽ֮Ҫ칬
Ȼĸ֣һͬͷǿ
䣡
칬һΣΡ벻ǿʼ޴Կʼ䣬飬칬𶯣ڲϢʼʧƬʼѷ죬žŴߣɽȺ۲Ϲ칬ҡҡ׹


1661 ƵǬ
һĻڳˣܸд
Σ칬ǲĴڣ˭£
ڴʱɾˣϵص¡
ˣ
һδι칬ն졢ơҶȵ˲ͷŹ޴칬ʼС
¡
ھ߰£ǿںϣڣޣ칬Ϸʼը飬ɫƬŴִʬ壬ʡ
칬ڴ顣
λǰҵȽȥնɱִߣϷ㣬๤ҪӪȣǷֿ£
̫顢𡢶˱ȭҲħа̽ȾͷʩȻֵܴһȺ֣ɱѾ칬
һ칬ͬһֻһӣǴһٷը⣬Ĵǿߣ벻ٸ֣ɱС
̫鿴оͷӦò֮Уʱ˿̣ȻͨϷҪӪȣɱУӪˣѰٴηգ
˻һûκηԣ칬ͨںġ
ʱͷϷ󷨣ʼϹ󷨡
ۣ
칬֮ڲȻ󷨣һЩִߣУֻ٣󲿷ֶѱ칬
Ҷ˵Ƶ칬ԭ֮һΪӪۡ
ڴ󲿷ˣѰΪĿʱҶ뽣ն졢ƿʼͷж칬ȱʱղУʼѰۡ
칬ڲ󷨣Ȼһ붼ǵͼ󣬲
龻֣
󷨣ȻӦģΪȡʱ䣬Ҷȴ߶龻֣͸ӦϢ֮أն졢ƴȥŶһ
ܿͽһƬǳƵ֮С
ҶϴžϲΪǰ۱ѹڡ
ݡ
ͻȻҶȸոǳ룬һɺף𶯵ĻɫҶȺ󷽣Ѹʹ̳
ǰȻһֱڰ֣ɱ̫ħ֣֮
һǰһҪҶȳѹ
ǡ
ҶȲͨѸܵ˵ݣʱ߶ͨһڵԿռ䣬ȻʼƶҶȲ֪ô£ֻһΣ룬׵Ƴ򹥻֮ա
ɾʽ
һħƣɨģҶȴϢᡣ
з򣡡ħƣҶһһУħ໥ײаħƴ󲿷ܿɡ
䣡
󷽰˵ħƣǺţֻƯţ̬γһɱ޵ħռ䡣
Ҷȷֽӡ̣ʼӿӿ˵ħƣٶԶԶħƣ˫㣡
޼գ
ǰһϤĮص
ҶȸոշɳΧ󷨣ΪһƬɫɣʧȥԪ֮ڣʧȥκĹռ䡣
ʧȥĹռ䣬ҶȲżЦǬ޼ʩչ𣿳û뵽ģʱ˿̲Ŷ֣
Сӣû뵽㻹ǰǰſֶڽ죬޷ٱӻ㣡һƵµǬǰ
һǷħɣҶȼǬҲûڳͷ֮磬Ƿݼɵʱƽѣǿ߸еľ
˳֣޼ƿʩѣкǣû˿Ծ㣬ҵ޼գѾ󷨣֪ҪӪۣǰҶԣͶǬ˫ͫ޹âΧ޼գһĻɫ⡣
ǰҵĴУڣ㣡Ҷȴ߶ͨΧִ޽ܿܵ޼Ӱ죬ٶƣ
׷
һħֳֳһϵħ˫ִ߶֮׹⣬Ϊɾ޴׹ħҶȵ޼գٶƣȻ෴ǿ
ǬϺãҪֽҶѹ
޼ӡ
Ǭ˳ƽӡ
ͻͻͻ
޼գΧִӡںγһޱ߷ӡҶѹ
ԣϷ
ҶǴ߶Ȼ߶ͨڰ׾һĺɫףʼӿ޼գ͵ȼ
֣Ҷһȭѷħ׹ħ飬׶ԿǬĿ·ӡ໥ѹ
ȻӵеͨҶȣڳͷ֮㣬֪ΪΣϣһڲͬҵĳϢһҪõ㣡
˫ʩչͨⲻǶɱ
Ǭף޼ȼգֵĵӡһħҲ׿һץһɫ˳
ڳͷ֮磬ͷ֮ںϵĳ޼
Ǭı
ΧеҶȴܲΧ˵ķǳԣʩչڰ׾ͨ£˵κΰ񶼿ԶԿ̫ʼҲ⣬ǬȻԿסʵȷ֮£̫ʼһﵽߵĸ߶ȣ
޼ѹ޼գ
ǬҪϣսѹҶȣ߶޼һף޼޼룬Ҷȣͷųһɹ޼֮â·޴޼գʼС
С̲һɿµѹ˷ҶȼѹеĿռ䣬ΪѹҶȽ롣
Ǻڰ׾ȻҲʼϨ޼գռڲ󷨿ռ䣬ޱ޼ʣĻҶ뿪᣿
ǧͼ
޼գѹΪһ㣬޼ôҶͨҲû߶ǧͼ

ǳ֮ʼҶȴ󣬵Χռ䣬ȫ޼֮ٶȣ̫ˣ޼ͷһ޼Ҷȡ
޼̫죬ѹƸıռ䣬ﵽһƼԪ֮ռĴڡֻʩչǿͨǿд޼
Ҷһݴ¶Цݣֻ˫ֽӡ
ţˣģֹ
ӡ֮ƿ޼޼յǬӦ޼֮⣬ʲô
ϧӦѾˣһˮâ޼ı͵һӾ룬͸޼ѹƣɹҶǰʱҶڡ
ˮ
ˣֻ֣޼󷽣ǰѷħ𿪣Ȼһȭ޼֮ϣʹ޼ͱˮƣһγָѷ졣
ϧū붯ʱħѲס
ۣ
Ǭ̲סһѪԸţףܣҵ޼̲ȣķ޷Ҷȣ㾹Ȼҵ޼
ҶȻܵ޼տƣ޼ûг飬ռ仹ѹ¶ЦݣǬʵɣ㿿Ҿ͸ӦϢҾ֪һڵȴõʱ۱ѹĵط뽫ѹϧ뵽Ӧ԰취ҵԸ޼ķµūӦϣֲϵһɽһɽߣѾǰҶȣ
ɶ񡭡벻СӣҲɳ˸ߵĵزұͨܽѹǽնɱ
Ǭɣŷ޼ʲôЦݴŶĵ׵ĺ


1662 ħɱ
Ǭʲô׵ͨ޼𣬼ϵūԸħԼˣ׷ħ桢̫ƻɱֻҪרĶԸǬħɣ
޼Ǭвͨ˿Ҷȶͷκˮ
޼صǬң
޼ˮ٣ǬҲܴܵشɴ߶ǿƣͻȻſһ磬˫ֺʮ
壬Ϊ޼ʯɫӴ֮Уӿһ޼ʯ⣬Χ޼ںϡ
ǣ
ɲǣҶȷ޼ڶƵģȻΧֲ޼⣬ֱۣȻʯΪ޼ʯĴڣҪǣ޼գǬ³ǰ
Ǭͬˣ壬ȫΪ޼ʯ
Ǭ࣬Ӧ޼ʯ壬ɵ࡭ʱ˿̣ҶڿǬܣԭ޼ʯ壬ʩչ˿ͨ޼նΪ޼ٱڡ
ħ޷ֵռ䶼Ϊ޼ʯһʣ޷ƶֻܱǬڡ
Ե
ؼҶȵ˫ۣѾʼʯΪ޼ʯǿֿͻΪ޼ʯ
һľͷѳΪ޼ʯⱻǬƿأ
ͨʲô
˲ϢҶȾѴ߶񷷨е̫ͨһҲأʼ򣬲޼ʯ
ţ
Ȼ̫һΧ޼ʯһЩ޼ʯɫʧҶ˫ϵ޼ʯҲȥɫ⣬𽥱ˣǲǬ
Ǭӽ޷Ҷͨ㵽ʲôźεȷȻҵ޼඼޷ģ
һ̣һģϴ߶Ѿչ־ʵﵽʵͬﵽǬʼԿ
ȵͨȵʵ־
˭֣˭ͨ޵УЦ
޼ΧԶĲ칬С
һѪɱնԶħһ̫ƻ׷ħɱ
նڲĵʵǿȥĵܣ
ٺ٣õģϴͨԸǬ⣬Ǭ֮ԹҲϣ˲룬ȰѸԶ֣ѹ˵ȻЩͷɶʵٴıϣ
ħһЦʩչħð׷ħ̫ƻƢԣӳ칬
˿̣룡
ҶȲ޼ʯǬֵ޼סҶȣϰҶͨΧ֮ڡ
Ǭ޼ȷУҲһԸ㣡
һҶȷһѹһɫƷǹâɳΪ籩Ҷһʱ䣬ɳ
ɳһȻ޼𽥴ﵽһ໥ųã޼޼ڼҶҲ𽥿
ʲôʣǬһδ߶ӴٴӴһ֣޼һʯ·ҪѹҶֵɳ
Ϊ˶ԸǬʹӹɾȡɳƽ޼Ǭ̫ۺ񣬾дɳҲֻ΢΢޼ҪȫƿأҪǿͨǷ
Էһα仯ҶȼɳҲ𽥰޼һθִ޼ʯʣң޼գΪһ޴޼ʯ
ǿ಻˼ƿֵز
޼
ٿȻǬִ߶δȫ޼һһ޼⣬ͻͻͻҶȡ
Ҷȴ޼Ǭǯ£޷ܣ޼֣Ƥۣʯٶȣϼӿ죬ǬҲʼӿ죬ǿò˼顣
ɷ򣡡
򲻹Ӧһδ߶ɷ򣬹Ȼ߶֮Χ޼ϽҶڣһʱᣬҲӳǬƿ֮С
ݣ
֪ʲôʱ
һᡢ졢޵Ӱ߶Ҷ󲻵ͨӺͻȻ̳
ǡܣ֮֮ôᱻƿأ
ͨǲܲҶȸӦɱҶģ֮ͬһϢͨͲһˡ
ͻȻðĸ֣֮Ҷ޷Ӧ䲻ʩչǿĹΪһҶȵı
󣡣㣡ѵ
ͷһҶȾͼ󣬲ϵؽķֳʩչ֮޼᲻ݵɱ
ħ
ǬҶֲ£˶ľ֮ʣɱʩչ֮˫Ͽգһ޴ħֱͻͻͻؽ
ħ㡭
ǬּħΪħģɼħҶһͬѹʱͱɫ԰ɫš
ɣ񣬷죬أ
ħֳʮģֻһħۣ趯˫ѹڷħϷͷžѹƷħֱҶǬѹ
Ҫ֪ħʵҶȲǿ󣬶ǿҶﵽôħȻҲﵽͬĸ߶ȡ
һħʥжô˼飿
ͷ޷ƣ״̬֮£
ħˣĵˣǴ𣬲ǬǹͥҲ뷨ĩԼҲ㣬ħ
Ҷ¶Цݣ֪ܵħشʲô
ˣǷĩ࣬ԣǿУյĵˣԼսԼԽԼܴﵽ۷壬ҲѹħնɱħĨɱԼֻηֱǰ
ǿ֮
ԣҶһֱȴħ֣ƣҲҪ˷ħħվѹ
з򣡡
ڷħ֮ʣҶȲûʩչͨߣҲûзʩչͨһ֮֮ǧͼһ޴ӣһ²סǬ
ҪʲôǬںͿ֮У벻ףΪħҪˮͱҶȵǿͨס
Ȼħ¡¡ѹ޼ա
޼飬ȻҶȵǬ׷ɢǷħҶǬϷ
ķһ
ۣ
ҶǬͬʱһѪƲˣǬΪ޼ܵشֱħѹȫ״̬
ʲôԱǬһͬ·ħȻƷħЩףҶ֮ǰľٶ
ǧͼ
ҶȿûʱϻһץǬȻзһͬǳâɲǼ䣬Խռ䣬ҶȵǰʱſħˣǽȰǬѣ
𰡣֪˵ڽʱ̣ǿɣãһǬͷħɫһƺҶʲô˼֡
ΪѱҶƿصǬ˼飬ҶħĶԻǴ㵣ħѵǱͬһˣ
ħ߸ϣǬΪħΪЧڷӡ֮أֻϢ֪ڲҴӱڷ룬ɴӵҵϣûбκϢ֮޷ϣֱϢһֱң֪ã


1663 ħΪͨߣ1
ǰǧ㣬ձҵħƣԸҡ
Ҷȷ·ҲħվһӪǬ˿ʩչ֮Ҫɱ
ǬһҲһ𾪡
ħػӶ˫֣ѹסħЦڷӡ֮أ߷ħħˣǱ𣬶Ұ·ɱ˷ħħƫƫӦħϢЦǣҪ£ңΪһӣұ˳Ӧ˼ߣô꣬һֱƣѹ뱾ھõʱ
𡭡ħ
Ǭȫˣħ뱾ôܶ벻ͨ
ͻȻҶȷڴʱ̣Ȼħ˵ħŹң㴫֮ҶԸҶȣҴӴЧ㣬֪ʱʱ̶̿ɱҶǬ
Ǭ󣬼һѪͷβСˣ󵹸ꡣ
ʲôҴ֮㣿һֱҶȱֻǱãһǬΪĸˣ
ħŰעϣͻȻͫһɺڰףͬڰ׾һȼյ׵磬Ϊĵס
߳壡
ɲǼ䣬һȼ׵磬˺Ҷȷ󣬿Ȱ󣬽ħһУըΪ⡣
Ҳã½ʦãڽ죬Ҷȵ¶οЦݣһֱΪ½ޱ𣬽죬ʵŵԣ߰Ϣ
Ȼһʵڵ״̬ҵĶ֣Σҿӳҵƣķأڣǽ㻹л·ħͷŸǿѹƷħҶȲ³
ǬҲȥɣ
ָһ㣬һָǬüģһѪȻʬʧҶȵġ
˿̧̣ͷȥ޴ķħͷޱƣѹѹħӰѾȡ칬һ㡣
ˣħѿ챻նɱ
ͬʱūͨݶ
ҶͷŸӦֽն졢ƣնɱԵǿ֣ǳƣѹ̫ƻ׷ħ棬ֱ̫ˣ̫ʼֱ֣СӹҼңѹˣֱʳʵѾȫԽ
ն죬Ҳնɱ֣ʣٸ֣оͷһһɱĻս⣬׷ܣ
±ɷնɱ
ڣΨūħսҶħսݡ
ħЦ֪У˻ⲻٵᣬԽ죬Ҫ󼴽֮ʣ㣬ɣӶһ㣬ݺ磡
Ҫ˵ģҲģɱ㣬ң̵ģΨƣȾ磬ȥ磬Ҳһϸ߷壡
Ҷ˵꣬ٴӷħһЦұۻΪϽ⣬Ȼһɿµ⣬ֳ֮·ݺݵħײȥ
ʲô
ħ뱾ܾã֪Ҷˮ䡢ԼǴδҶ޵еͨ
ԽԽ͸
ƣ
ڴ߶ԪƬ˴ԪѾûκԻħ
Ϊħ֪ˮԼȻ취ƣôֻдԪ䲻⣬ħ
Ȼ
ħ߷ħ޴ĴԪû߶ͨǱΪ޵еһзħҶǿ
¡¡
һ˵ħ칬һҲ飬ħӵײʼ飬޴ħӰһħӰأΪ飬ʼ
ۣ
߸ϵħŷħ飬һѪúȻž֮ɫֵؿǲͨħӰ֮С
ͬҶںϴԪһʩչԵһڲͨȻ޼᲻ݡ
֧ŴĴڡ
ڵһ
ƬͨâҲԻһС
Ҷֲֳħͬ߶ȣħ֮ʣҶȴʧģħģҲκηѹ㣬Ҫǿͨ㶷ս㳹Ĩɱ
ǴԲѣǬһսôʹ÷㣬ᱻĿڵģ
ħ񣬵ȷԴԪ˫ֽӡһɹȼաڰ׵磬Ҷѹ׾
ڰ׾
ͬǿԪ񣬲ͨԵףڰȼյףտʼԿ
ͣ
ʵȫԽ񣬴ﵽγɵĶԿ칬ڲֻ飬Χ칬Ҳʼ·Ҫ顣
ն졢ơū̫Ҵ½ĸ֣ԼһЩǿߣʱ뿪칬ڲ
ӹΧڲ˼ս
칬ϷǷ󷨣ѾĿӣ򷴿֣Լ̫顢졢ħа̽ȾˣѾɱ֮С
󷨿ռڲ
ǷУˣڽһӡסĿ๤ˣ֮Ŀ๤еĻǶ٣Ҳм񣬶ڷУĿ๤
˼״ĸŭգЩ๤ɽʬǶ޴ᡣ
๤õɣ˲ϴ㣬ΪϷصλãϵرը𶯣䣬·㣬һδ̮
졢̫Ⱦͷħаֹ̽ӡ󣬿ɲԿġ
λСģһ֮
ͻȻӰֶǾɽߡ
һŰߣͷǰһͷھŴߣѣΪǴɽ磬δɽǲɽػߡ
䣡
Ϊɽ磡
Ŵɽڶͷһֻ֣ͬͬ״͸˵޷ͻƵĴڡ
ھұըϵضҡȻ𽥳Ƭֱһڿʼȫʧһǰ
˶ȥŴߣѡ뿪
칬ڲ
޿ռ䣡
ڲռ䲻飬ƶҶħͷͬͨڿռ棬֮ͨÿռ䲻ϽӰ˸
ಣ
ͻȻħѴһģһĴڡ
ʩչͨͨ
ħ̣˰ɣҵޱ޼ʣҵĲƣԶֹֻҵĸ߶ȣʵﵽˣûԼĵһζ׷ҵĲ㣬ˣ㲻ҵĶ֣ͨߣҲһ
ħ֣·һˣ龰
ͨߣʣԶĻʣĪȻֶһ壬ͨߣӵҶɫ΢΢仯һ£ɴηơ
칬֮⣬ն졢ƣһֱעսĵȸ֣쳣ΪҶȵģ̾ħټĴǧ磬ΨһģĵܣȻ츳עɾͣᳬԽˣ
ֵܣȷѾħֶӵбһʵͨߣֵ˳ѹħôħ֮ǻΪͨߣҲӵ壿նҲ֮ܵС


1664 ħΪͨߣ2
ٺ٣ϴδȷ˿ԤϡħаȻЦЦȻ֪Ҷȵϸˡ
칬
ǳռѾʧ
һ޴ʥޣ󷨰գۣһ֮
˫ͫţδϵķӡѹƵģøˣǬϣ䣬˭赲㣿࣬Ҳ벻ɽ־ǿ߰ɣ
˻ƣȴƺصڳͷ֮磬һμҶȣ뵽Ǹ¸ηˣһοЦݡ
ʩչ֮ͨҵĶ֣
֮⣬ңԶ󷨸߿ա
ħһ񵶡񽣣ڵΧסҶȣֳ񵶵ħͻȻһ

񵶣ҶȵǰҶʩչĹʥǹס
ʥǹҶһͳ̫λ棬ɱǿߵͨڿɽʩչ
ʥǹӲȣں̫һײδ飬쳣Ҷȳûתʥǹͷһƣ𿪡
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬Ϥ֮Ҷȣħֳ񽣵ħ߶֮ҶڵĿռ䣬ȫƿأŲǰһһնҶȡ
޼ս
ֳֹʥǹץһͨ޼սɱ档
ңҶҲ߶֮ħڿռ䡣
ڰ޼
ֳ񵶵ħں󷽣ͻȻ˫ֽӡ޼սͬȷǺɫĽγɺҶȡ
ݣ
ħҲץסᣬʵ£Ӷ񽣽Ҷڿռ䣬ΧŲҶȡ
˫㣡
Ҷͨħ޷ƿصͨʼ߶һǹģ̫⣬һǺڰģ޼˻ס
ȺʼΧҶȣӿγһɱУҹڰ޼
䣡
һʱ䣬󷨸߿գǿ±ըˣƵ󷨣һ飬ֻʣһ󷨡
˫γ״̬ϵӴҶȲ߶̫⣬Ҳ߶޼˻ף̫һ
ǲ˼ĴڣγɵĴ˫㣬ԹҲһںųĹγһصĿռ䡣
ħ֪ҶʩչĴ˫㣬кβڲͣ߶ͨȺնɱڲҶȡ
𽥵ģһɹռ䣬Ŵ˫㣬ռ䣬һɺڰĿռ䣬Ҳڿռ䡣
ϵ죡
ֱħڿռ䣬ȫ֣ȥʮֻҶͷŵƣĹâˡ
ħӦ֪ҵĲɣʱֻǳΣڣһ֪Ϥ̫޼˻ףԼԴ
ҶͻȻ˫һϣͬʥߣħ
ߣԴĵܳԽޣڰ񣿴ԲѣģҶƿأо޷Ըҵģ
ħһͬ˵Ҽ߶׾ϸֹƿ
˴˫㣬ҵĲ򣡡
Ҷ˫һӣģ׷
Χ̫ҹâռ䣬޼˻׿ռ䣬ʼںϣͬ˫һ㣬Ϊ޴ں֮γһɻɫĿռ䡣
ƣ
ħɲҶ֮У߶ڻɫռ䡣
ǿռ磬飬ֳζ֮˲Ϣںϸһɫռ䣬ɵĿռ䡣
𣬾Ҳ޷ҵĶ֣ҵԽ㣡ħɿɱڡ
ΣʵҵĴȫûôңѹķʵǴҪеħҪģ
ҶͻȻ
ʲôħ󣬴һľնɱõķںһƶһɿµħâҶȡ
ħ֮ǰҾ㿴ҴӲ֮Уͨңоѹİ취޷㣬ҲԽӡ
Ҷȣ̯̯Ȼս𵤡½𵤣ͬʱƯ˫֮С
ߣĪý𵤵;ĩ·ûó˰ɣħźЦ
ֻһŽ𵤣ԴͲŽ𵤣ҲףһжǵѭҵĲ죬ǸŽںϵʱˣ
Ҷȱ˵꣬һŽͻȻƯңΧɫռ䣬еĹâŽǣƣռֻŽ𵤵ķâħ΢
ѭںϣڰҹԪʼ
Ž𵤿ʼת֮Уռ䡣
𣡡
ħһ̣ڼɵ֪Ҷʲôȼħ棬Ϊȼħ⣬
ѭڰ𵤣գ
һ㣬һѭɫռ䣬ͻȻסħͷŵȼħ棬Ȼ½𵤣ںռ䣬ٿȻһץΪĺڰâγһħѭռ֮ʣವһ
ս𵤣
ţһŽ𵤣ҲʧȥԲ״̬ΪһƬ⣬סħĺڰâںһ
Ҷ˫һϡ
Ƭâסħʼںϣռ䣬ҲֹͣѭΪ˻ɫƬâҲΪһŻ
ս𵤡½𵤣ںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣһѭ֮ѹڰںϣħ򱻹Уι𵤣ͽ͵ģΪѭģ飬Ҳһѭɡ
Ҷȿ𵤣ضħ𽥵ر˫ۣ龻֣
ˣ
һ֣ķɳںϽ֮УȦסһֱڶֵħϡ
֮ħǵĵĲ᣻֮ħ޷˦ȥ֮ħ˫ܵɱΣ֮ħûԼĵ
ϴ߶龻֣ǿͨ𽥵ģҶԺֹȥһĻĻΪɽһδ٣ΪһɺԸڴ߶龻֡
޴ͨӦԼĺӦ֮лص
˻ٻѳΪȥɹ˿ຣʵѾ˰֮ϣֻ￴
֣ɳĨɱ쳾쳾ɽ٣ΪˮħвΪ
ľǹȥڣһжƽȥ֣ɼ̵Ϊһž޴̵ĵģֲҶҡ
龻ֵӰҶڱߣһʥƢھڵĳҲʧ
ʱ˿̣龻ְҶȵֻм̵ģʥʥߣڵħԽԽ龻֣Ҷһħڡ
ĸоħһ̣Ҷȸо壬ͬһ䣬Ҳûоͷ
ֿտ䣬ֱԪûκģ֮һʼϯ
Ҷȸо·һԼֳһԼһһңһһ£ǴУԪ񣬴֮УѪ֮У޴ڡ
ʵġʶͨߵͨԷѳԼ뱾ڣ
ߡߡߡͨߣӵĴ˻̫ʼѪ⣬ӵʣٴõһԳΪ壡
ħɾͨߵĴ˿̣ҶȳԾķ֣Ѿӵʡ


1665 
ͨߣҶʵ֮ǰﵽ֮࣬Ƿ뱾ͬı
ںħ֮ʣڽҶȷ·ܼħȼյֽˣϻΪһƬһƬÿһƬںҶڡ
Χѭռ䣬ͳͳҶڣڵ룬ֻһŽ𵤣ա½ںϣڣںϻɫ֮УŽ𵤣Ҷ˵ǲľ
𵤣
̫ˣֵܹȻնɱħǬ
칬Χն졢Ƽޱȣ֪ҶһħΪͨߣʵһ޷ĸ߶ȣԵĳԽǼˣ˳ƣû˿Ტۡ
˴ŻġֶˡɲŮ¹ùãԼ̫Ҵ½и֣칬
һ׷꣬ٶ죬³룡
ΪޣӦ칬֮УһѪݵľͷڻغ
Ҷڰգ³Ȼһͬһƣϡﻩ飬ֻԷӡ֮УֳһӴʥޡ
ǿߣۣ
棡
³벻һзۣһЩ󷨣׷ױΪʥѪԳǿд顣
ǰҶȽϣڵĸ߿գǿߣȻѹ޷ҶʹƵʡ
̣ն졢Ƶ˷׷׵ˣʾ⾴⡣
ǣĺܺãܺá۾޴ͫڣ͸Żƺɫ˿쳣ο
ҶһԷӡǰÿһӡ࣬Բķӡ˵ֱ޷ƣҶȴʩչ˫ԷӡϷʼԷӡ
ɲǣҶȵԺ˫֮ͫУһӣòֻ֪վǰһУԷӡںϣƿ֮Уκһ
࣡
ֻ࣬ҶԷӡӦȻγɵ־־
ȷǿޱߣ־ĥ
Ҷȵ̫һ޼ʯգڼԪ֮ҲԴ߶ֻڸ߼ҶѾǳ˵Ρ
ˣ
ԷӡڼʧΧˣڴʧһ̣³ѹǰ
۵𽥵СԷӡʧ뱾𽥻ûΪһĻߣ볤
л㣬ˣʵŵԣϷ壬¾ۻվһԷӡʧҶס
ǰǶԣԸ࣬һݰգնɱǬյ
ҶǰռͬǬΪһŰͬ£һָƾ֮⣬ӿ۵š
꣬۰ѪиҶȣ񣬲ϡƣõҶѮգᣬմﵽѮģҲһƣֻǿȥȻ
λϷȥڵɣʱ˿ֹ̲޻ᣬΪҪ磡
ָʵ֮۵ʲãǰҶ³롢˸뿪칬Ϸ㡣
๤ȳ˽㣬õ˴Ŀ⣬ϷΧ󲿷ʧۼ·һ֮С
ڵ˶ˡ
ֻһʬ壬ƯϿԲ֮Уһ޴ĹޣţͷǹͥǿߣţͷţǣȻϣѪľ޴壬Ѫ
Ϸ֮УͷΧһˡ
Ǹӣһ£ֻʮ£ôᡢӢһݵ뷨ĩǡħа̽ȸֽ֣һˣԸ󣬻еɽоͷ
һϰڷӣȫûгϢɽ磬һƣȫǴԡ
࣡
ɽ磬ӹɵǿߣ
Ǻεȵս棬·ԵۼľͷֻĿս޷սΪȥĶ֡
װˣ
ɱ
ܿ죬һ뽪̫顢졢ˡ΢ߡ޼Ҳɱࡣ
ǿۣ
һ˽Χͷͷߣ޲𾪣еľͷʾϾ⡣
ۣáȥɱ
ţͷһۣͷĿ⡣
ǹͥ壬ɱҶڲǣ˵ʱ򡭡һɨţͷ񣬷ŷŭԶȼ
ǰոջָʵδﵽ۷壬ȥס࣡
Ҷ뽣ն졢ƣȻ߳һͷ۱ȭʩȻ޷˷߿ս
ϾҪϷָ࣬սĲµֵܵܣǾǷĩԱǱһֱֹ֧ͥ󣬸񣬽ʹ߱ƶɵĿܣ
ĩãһѯʣ
Ҷ΢΢һࡢĩǡ񡭡ʲô
䣡
ʮɽǿߣϷĩǡһͬ࣬Ҷ˵ҲͷŹ뵥ԵȥԿ
Ϸ
ĩǡ˼սݲȵͷһ𣬻ΪһսĲ£ĴΧûһ˸ȥƣһС
ɵͷ࿴ûһֻۣзĩǡ
ۣͥشۡۡش۶һˣͷ󲿷ֶƣ˵ǻС
ţͷ񣬼Ҫȥ
ಣ
ٿȻһɵͷӰ·ɱΪһ޴Ӱſڣҧࡣ
ͷ׷׸ÿһ·˭֪ʵ
ССһԣɽ˷ˣ磬ʲô㲻ϣڿ칬Ҫһνѵ
ֲȻܣָһһ⣬ɫӰһײһ⴩͸˾ŹӰ
ۣ
ҪɱǰӰһһѪȻ޴شӸ߿׹䡣
ͬţͷһɽĹȴҲĶ֡
ɱɱɱ
ڶͷŭˣٴԶԶ࣬󣬴ǿĹʮࡣ
ǰûжãΪ󣬾վűǴҲ޷˵һ֣
ɽǿͷǵĺϻ൱շЦݣȻһѹһɹâѹϹ֮ϣ¡¡¡âɵͷ׵ѹ飬ΪƬɢա
͸â
ͷˣδо֮ǰǰϣһ֮ң
ǣǿȫĨɱϣ
ţͷǿĴڣ䣬Ͱ£ʻ˭Ķ֡
ϴ󣬿ǲֹ࣬뿪Ǿ鷳ˣͻȻҶȴ
ĩǡ໹һɱܾˣٶҲ٣̫ǿˣ֣δаգʤҶԵú侲ţͷ񣬱֪྿ж


1666 ֶ
ǰ
Է
ؼзĩǡĿǰ֪󾿾ʲôĿģþ˫ɱܾˡ
ͷȻͷŹԣɵͷЧģҲӰһЩ仹
·ˣĿӣⳡıɽδս
ĩǡҾͲˣȥк壬бɣ
˶ţ˫󣬻ܾˣ෢һЦݣͷͷ
ಣ
ĩ·һһţͷۡشۡش뼸ͥͷվߡ
ͨȫԽˣ֮Уһɿµѹɽ磬ƺ硣
ͻı仯ɾͷŷĩ߹֣ͥǡȥٵطȥ
ߣ
£󲿷־ͷҲȲʱ˿̣ͨõʱ̣Ҳϣ󲿷־ͷ𡢶ˣٵ׷ȥ
ͷǲŷϼɸߣͺȻ֣ԽϷһɿµѹɽѹٶȲ
·ڽն졢ơҶȡ߾𡢳ͷ˻δж£ˣһѷķȥȻһٶȶʼԭ֮Уؽ롣
ʧ
ͷ򶫻߾ϼؽ౦۵ȾͷҲץסᡣ
̫ȷǲܡ
¡
δ˵꣬ͷͻȻһɽıըȻʧˣĺӰͷʼӿʧȥ⣬Ͽҡҡ׹·Ҫ̮
ҿ뿪߶Ҫң
ͻȻ䣬һŮӵʥ֮дݶ
ʦ𣡡Ҷһ¶Цݣֶ۵
ӣ
õֶѣľͷ׷׿ʼҶ̧ͷһķ泾Ƭ׹ʼݣһЩ˾ͷƬУĩȹ֣ͥҲŲ·
һѷ뿪
Ҷȵˣһ־ͷ뿪ɲǣֶ۴۴ɡ滨šԼ˵áֹԫˣǰȴš
һ˸ոշɳտķ棬Ȼ۷Ϸʼ飬ĳһ˾ͷͥۡţͷĩǡѿӰӡ
䡭
棬ֱ׹·磬һƬݺ󣬶ѹڷУһƬţ

һͷһͷŷѣȫʧյ̲ס꣬һе¡
ȿȡ
УͻȻһֻ֣Ȼһµķĩͷ¶ѾѪģ
ಣ
ҶͻȻԱߣһ£һɷӡסĩ̴ӷץ
࣡ɺ޵࣡ĩ벻ͨⲻûҶȣֻϷݵ
ҶȾĩΪܱ𣬲ȴûôȥ룬ǵʵȻѾ뿪ɽ磬Ҳ̮ô󣬻йͥͨӦϣɣ
԰ĩӦҲƿؽİ취
󰡣
ͷûҶô侲ҶһʣˣźȻת׷Ұޣŷĩ
׹ͥķĩһ󣬽֮ˣΪе⣬ɱ̾
ĩسЦЩϣʲô񣿱ǻָһ

ֶͻȻڡ
ɷ׷׿ֶ֪ʲô˼
ֶ߿գݵķ棬֮УȵΪಢδ뿪
ʲô
漴ȥ𺳲ѣֻɵĳȴκӰ𽥵ģڳЦֶۡ
ôꡭΨֻ㣬ǱһֱģȻ˽Ȿ
һŷɥǳش
࣡
ɶʱٴУ׷ֶΧ
Ҷȼ̷ӡĩ֮У˻дôҶȼ뽣ն졢ֶߡ
˿򳾰磬Ʈ룬ֻһͷ֮Уվڲɼ̫ʼڵȴࡣ
ǲ֪ͨͨһͷָصͺһ˶
ô
Ҷһ֪ΪΣһɲһĸо֮дʼӦ˫ͫ͵طŴ󣬿ֶۣҲҲǴžʵʦô£֮еϢˡɹ⣡
⡭
һʱ䣬ֶҲˣ֪λش
ЩϣȻûͬĩˣøлֶۣѾ֮УΪҹھһ壬ɴзҵˣ
վǰֶԾµƣΡ˵
̣࣬ʿɶֹħͻȻֳ֮ͷ֡
ЦµǾãǻҿ𣿡
࡭
ֶһοڣ˰ֶ֪۲򵥡
࣬˺Թѵѵ
뵽ǰɣ֡
ֶ۵񣬷һֹɣãһڣ뿪뿪˵ķĹȥ磬Ϊ磬֪ã
ʲô
νһＤǧˡ
ͷһͷƤ飿
ֶȥ磿
ˣǶˣ
ٴοֶ۵Ŀ⣬ֲͬˣǻɣǲ⣬ǼʣΣպ档
𾪵ģĪҶáֹԫЩӡ
ǵʦ𣬾Ȼȥ硣
ʲô
һֱҶãֶ칬Ȼʲôϵû뵽۾Ȼϵﵽ˵زȻ࣬ȥ磡
ҶУ𺳣޷ţһУʣֶôౣ˹ϵ
֮࣬飬ǲǡңûʸ޲磡ֶͻȻ˻ߣ

൱һЦ˲мȻһץֻڵĻ̫ʼһʧȥ־ŮӣԵ
ʦ㣡
ֹԫͳͳһ
ѵǴʦ㣡ҶҲ˺һ֮ǰܵͷֶɹо޴ϵϢﵽͬ
ֽŻ̫ʼξ֣һжҶģҡ
ңξ˿Ѿȥ
ҶĿ⣬һοξպ岻ķ飬ΪξգȻֶۣа˷ʣ֣ȻӰӡ
ѵ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲȻΪֶ֪Ĺϵ

ֶۺȻһ
ȻһϢʧȡ֮ǳԽɵֻࡢĩӵеâ

Ȼһ
硭
Ϊ󣡡
ֶۣȻһƭɽ磡
ˣϸӿֵˣʮ֮ǿߣֶ֤ͷŵâһ


1667 ϣ

ɽԪһˣɾΨֶۡ
ĩǡ඼ϸԪѴɽ޲ֶ۵ľ޲ž𺳶̾Ϣ
վǰɽ磬Ӹһ˿΢Ц֣Ѹᣬ磬㣬ֻҿ˵ˣ磬ֻһգֻҳϣ磬˵δҵģϧѾ޷ɶһˣ֣Ҳ񣡡
࣡
ֶͷŴâ࣬Թһ˿ϯȥ
Ҳɱ㣬ҪԶĥ֮СԹΧ㶼ڲһȭǰռ䣬ȫ顣
ֶͬû
һ󣬸֡
˫㣡
޾κˣֻ·һһӰͷӿࡣ
ҶȰɣһձ£Ȼǵõ˵ĴУõߵȴҲڱǰʦ𣬶ҵĶ֣ʲôɽ緭Ƹ꣬ǰʲôǣ
ѿԦռ䣬ͻȻֵҶȣȻһȭ
һȭͬҶΧ޴ռ䣬ȫ飬һ̤֮УͷЦЩˣԶɽĹ֮аɣ
ֹ
һľʹԶɽ磬ҲŽһ˿ϣĨɱ׷׷
ᣡ
˫һϣͻȻΪԲεʯʯ̺ԣһξ񱳺󣬴ξڣͷųĿ⣬̫ʼգ۾ʧԵ
꣡
Ӱգ۾ͲӰѷ죬Ȼڲʼ飬ʯƬŷ泾ݣ׹޴ռ䣬ŵոշɳˣæɢ
ݣϷ׹䣬ֲǷĩǡ˶УĩҲ㶪СԶڷ
ͷŵпռ䣬˲䱻ʯƬѹ
ಣ
ۿҪȫᣬֶʩչҶȼʱգҶѾѪģ
ȫ֣
ֶۿĻӰӣֻо޴㣬ȫݣʧɽ硣
ϣϣų䶨ʹɫʧΣ󲿷ֶǴͷɥǶ԰ͷ˵ͬ˻Ƶġ
ͣ
һԵҶȣڣӡİʬ˿ڲϣѪ뼡֮УܿͿȥƽʱûзֱ
ֶߣԷһֱ̧ͷʹ֮У̰οʦ𣬼Ȼа취뿪ɽ磬Ҳҵ취ҡʦӦò⣡
൱ֱףΪҽ硭ĵһƻеһ֣
ֶۿ䣬ڱֵú򶨡
˿ʼԻ֮ʣ˿ʼ뿪㣬Ҳеľͷ뿪磬ֻз۴ɡ滨š˻Ưڷ߿ա
ƺԸʹ˽ʵ
ֶۿҶȣ渵޽֮أһ֮Уպֻ࣬ʱ֪칬֮ǵȥһעԵʵĲŻͨԽӡ֪ݣҽȥ磬ֻصɽʱҲ֪ģңʯһʶҲʦıԴҵڣֱҲ֪һֱƭ֮뿪صֶ졭ֻû뵽ڶνķȻʯ壬ʱԵʯֻͨҪʩչܼԦͨ뿪ɽ硭һУı
ʦ㡭
ŪһУ˫ԣʹ޹ģʵξҶŭգһŰʦ磬ƻеһֻ֡Ϊλص磬ðΣգٴλصɽ磿
Ҳһֱ޷Ūĵطô꣬ˣһֱڹһͨ棬һһһȴһֱûз֣֮ඨɽ磬õĳֲıʲôص磬ԳΪĪҵô꣬һֱûи࣬Ը񣬸ûаŮֻһߣ
ֶԽ˵ԽԹ졣
Ҷ侲Ŵʦ㼪࣬޾ԣΪֻһˣ뿪ɽ磬ⲻ֪취أʦѹĩڲĵʱ򣬸ȥĩһֱھΣ˵ޣӿɷ棬Уشʦ㣡
ԡֶ𽥻ָƽޱ顣
Ҷȼ̴߶ͨһӡŷĩֶͬʱ̫顢졢߾𡢳ͷˡħа̽ȴ׷Χ
ն졢ơֹԫһߣ˶ϣڷĩϡ
ĩȻˣҲ֮ˣҶˣҲ޼£ˡ
Ҷȵںȵĩȥһֱھ뿪ɽ磬صǾ͸ǣ
뿪ˣ
ĩһ𣬾ﲻѣ£Ȼ󲻿һ䳰ߵЩǯƣſңпܺ
ʱ㻹ʲôףĩҪΣһǿ԰Ϊܣʱ˵Ȼ֪Ҿ͸ѡһϴǹȥҪôھͽΪܣ
ľͷҶȷ֮䣬һȼյĵڷĩǰ
ĩĻᡭֶҲ˵
ããã
ĩֶ֪۵ʵͷ
ɼ¶ЦݣҶӡĩ÷ĩ·һͬ߿գԼٸ֡
ѻָţ뿪һЩ칬УѰʲôû뵽ҶȵˣƿŷĩѰҽİ취
Ϸǡ
ʱĩˣƶѲķȻٶָǰƯķ㣬տʱͻȻߺôܣôˣأʹأ˭
ˣ
һһε͹ȣǿѣѾˡ
ǷĩֻзĩʵҵĨɱۣޣ࣡
ĩŭɶڲŻŸǡ֣ͥȥ͵Ϯƿص֪˴Ӫ
͵ʴף
޵Ϣĩĸ֣ѵҲ˫ͫͷʥ⣬Ȼŷĩһ裬ɱĶС
ĩ޻⣺ܹңֻҪѪҺ޻ָȫһ
ž
֪һƣڷĩϡ
󣬱ȶ⣬Ƕ裬ĩҧгݣɼжôŭ
ʦ𣬼ȻѾݣֻȥǰһֱھķ濴˵ɽ֣һϣҶһ仰ϣ
Ȼ˶Ȳֶۣž⣬Ҳżɵ


1668 ɾֻ
ֶͬ⣬ˣǰ
ֽ֮һƬӷ߿գһӡһ󷨡
ɢȥһԲչǰ
ɲǣһֻܵǧʮ֮һĩͨ
ҲҲ˵Ĳࡣ
̫鿴ˣ΢΢һ֣̾ϣڼ䣬ͨϾɽͷһʵҲӹɣ
Ȼ仰еƣ𽥻ָϣ
н̫һ˴Χͷ֮Уһ˽ȥ޽֮أɽоͷ۹硣
ֶ۳ΪоͷĹǣƯͷ޾棬һɨһͷȻ߶ǿƣâʼȼգȼձ˲ˣ漴һɿµľͷ֮ϡ
䣡
з棬һɺķ㣬ˣһĻоͷ׷׼ǿֶһͬ㣬Ƭϵ䣬ƴͨ
ն졢ơҶҲһͬͷǿ֮󣬽̫Ÿͷħа̡塢ɽ˷ţԼɢ޾ͷٶһٶֶ۴£ʼ㡣
˼Ƭϵ䣬ϣԽԽʵɼԽϣӽ磬Ӳȣ󣬽ȿʼܵӰ죬ٶԽԽ
һ꣬ͨ󲿷־ͷܲˣֶ̫ҲԵúƣᵽ칬Ϊץסô๤ҹͣھ档
ҪģǶʱɵĺƴ󹤳̡
ͷӪʼֳֻͣ棬ΣϣǰãҲҪȡһ
Ҷȴ˿̣ȴ뵽һԸıĹؼ
һǿӵв˼ʣ󣬼һͷĲޣжôǿ
ʦλǰһˣȥɽһʱգһֻҪæȰһԿռ𡭡
ҶˣĴڣȻһþͷϣʣһͷͷҶʩչǧͼʱյʥ硣
һٶͷʥǰ˲еڲųԽǵδҶȽ룬ڲֳһͨͨͷʥףվͷʥ֡
һ񣬶ǿزȻԽͷ
Ȼ֪Ҷ⣬ֱԿռ䣬ڿռڲϷһСվ
ǸСѵǴۣߴ˵صǿߣ߾Ҷ֮⣬Ψһ֪ʥڵľͷ
Ǹ֪£ǿɴۣ칬Թͷʥ˴
Ͳ³ݣվڣͷŵâֶۡĩһ
Ҷ߳һһٶͷʩ񣺡磬ҴôɽǰͷſԳĥԿռ䣬ڹݣɽҪΪǴͨ棬磡
ֻҪ뿪ռһȫǣͨ棡һ衣
ھͷ󣬶¶ϲſԱߡ
ʩչͨʥ֣һ޴ͷųԿռϷŸγϢ
ңһͶӰߣͨɣȻֶ֣һٶǿߣʼעǿ֮С
䡭
ϿվŴõһٶͷЩͷˣ󲿷ȴӵһۼһ𣬿ʮ
߶ŴγһУʼĦײԡԼʯӿռϷ䡣
Ȼô֣ҲһʱԿռ䣬żһִ֣ɶԿԿռϢˡ
ء
ֻһˣʥĸ߿գδж
Ҷȸով޾ͻƿնռ䣬Ϣ׻صҶȼͷҶȣû˿ԸӦĴڡ
ϸޣִһ㣬ϳָĺɫ·
Щڱ仯ҶȸܵʵӿֲѾԽһɽ磬˿ɵУôԿռѾһֲǿߡ
һһ֮СͨûϣҪǿ󣬲о԰գ磬ʦϸĹգʦŮΣҲҪ磬ҵ
뵽ξ񣬱ࡢ̫ʼƣ߶һĻҶһѪϵطڣֶ۵ʹᶨģһҪ硣

ɢʮ칬ǿߣʬƯҶΧʬ壬߶򣬲û龻־ڵʣͷţһԴݿƣһ
γһ޴
ּƣа̤ٲ⣬Ҫ׼ɽ١
ҶȾо԰գ̤٣һڵȫԽ񣬴ﵽһ󣬶ѱԽ

ʮϱһʬ壬ڲϵػΪʬ
Ҷ򽣡ն졢ơֶۡ۴һ֮һиʬΪ촷ۣƿأ߶һ뿪ʥ磬ʱޱ硣
ʩչٴ֮УʼȻһץһƴСѪ⣬ǰ
Ի̫ʼѪ⣬ֻߵ
ҶĿֻߣʣ֮һߡʣ޿ɱȵĴڣ̫ʼǿȻҶȼ£󣬾߶ֻ֮ţ˭Ķ֣
һ磬ڻ̫ʼԣˮ
龻֡
߶ͨһ֣סѪ⡣
ͬʱҶȼѪŻ龻ת󲿷ѪֻѪںϡ
ѪҺʼų⣬ҲǴ󲿷󣬶޷ںʵԭ
Ҷӵʮϻ龻֡Լ̫һԣաںʣ£ͨ˿ʼѾںѪ
ģֻѪ⣬ȫҶѪֲתֻѪ⣬ʼҶȵľѪ֮УɲǼ䣬һʢʼڲϵرߡ
ңҶȸоյϢ֮пʼȻ֮УһȻѭϢ̫һʼԶѭԲΪ
ңڲ𵤱Ե磬һϤֻ
ֻÿһֱִܴͬһڽΧѪ֮УҶҲٵֻ
ʱ˿̣龻ʧҶȸоһֺȻѭ֮УоǲУָоһжȻΪ
УѪҺ𵤶ѭϵǿ
һֻһ棬Ӧֻγĳһ޷͵ϵ˾˵ı仯ȫֻô̫ʼӿ£
ż飬ҶȿʼӦֻϴħնһгɽ٣ɾͨߣӵֻ


1669 
ߡߡߡֻߡͨߣ
ʣߣĴʶױȵģȻҲ޷ȼơ
û뵽ںֻ֮ʵҲﵽ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ںѪ⣬ҶȾͷ֣һ۵״̬ȫֻҪ֮һѾ١
ٽʱֻͨߡҶں룬ֻͨߵǵһҪ¡
Χ󣬼ӿٶȣ߶һ¯ھ룬ӡ֮ԼŲ¯ȼգ纣
ͬʱҶȿʼɾ޴ͬ˿룬ӿҶڡ
ϸʼ̫ͣһԶߣҶȴ߶Ϊһ޴ѭ¯κε̫⡢޼˻סʮ١ȫںһ
Ҷȸо̵޷ٴγ๥Ҳˡ
Ȼʼ߶֮ﵽ۷ʱɽ֮Ϳʼߣγһֹ
Լ֮֮ϣһƬޱ޼ʵĽƣƹѹȶƾۼһ
ֱĩգŸеľ
ʣ֮ҶЦЩ̤٣ڿ״̬ʱʺϲ
ڣվΧĻ棬Ͽ٣û˿ɵжôֲ
٣ٷ籩
Ҷȴ߶Թ̷ȻϸЦݣһɻɫΪȻеΧ
һ٣ֻưɣ
߿գ·ڿ˺ȵףû˿ģأҡ
¡
ͻͻͻ
֮󣬵һ籩γɣƹһ㣬תҶΪΨһĿ꣬ͻͻͻؽ١
ֻߵһǰͨѭٰתƳȥһκι󲿷ֶԱֻ֮⣬ֻӵеĿ
Եһ٣Ҷȸɵֱ籩ֻа֮ʣ˫ֲſʼϷһǧ׾޴Ļ㣬ƿ߿գպ赲籩·

˵ʱʱ죬籩ͻȻ٣ƺֻܵսҪһƴغ֮ϣһĻҶȶоһжᱻ⡣
Ǿǵĳ֮£ٷ籩Ȼȫ͸ֻ㣬ȻҶȻһָ籩͸㣬ֱһವݺȥ
һ׻ˣ
ֻ֮Ȼ¡ֻ߲ЩӦûиӿµͨ
Ҷ̧ͷڶ籩ĵ
ģԱߣһģһġҶȡ
̫ˣҶȣͬ飬ͬľֹҶȣҶ¶̾ЦݣȻȻͨߣӵһһĺһֻͨҪͨͲҵһʩչͨߣ֮࣡
̫̬ˣҶԼš
ʵȻԽ٣Խ񣬴ﵽԽͨӵеʵѴƳ档
ټӵбһͨʵ˵ɽ磬磬ҲûκͬʿҶȶ֡
һ룬ð亹ҶȲöͷֹͨͨͣħ֮ﵽֲĸ߶ȣӵʱȫ£ӵеʵʵġ
ͻͻͻ
䣬ڶ籩ˡ
һ٣ڶϣӴһȻҲǿ࣬ת緢һ޴ڶҶȵ׹¡
һΣ٣Ҫ״㣡
Ҷȿͨķͬ飬Ҳϸ΢Ĳ࣬Ȼͬʱӡһͬ˫㣡
ಣ
ɫֻ֮࣬Ϊ޴໥ƣתӭµ籩
ʯ䣬ײһ
ҶͷͨߵҶ֮߶˫㣬籩ײ֮˫㿪ʼֱӿ籩룬ÿһתβ;Ͱ籩˺ѣ˺ӡ
Ȼ󣬾޴籩ҶϷ֮ʣ籩ʼԶɢǱ˫˺ĺۼ壬һ߹ޣһ£һϡﻩ飬նǡ
ء
˭֪ڵڶٷ籩ɲǣһСβͣ뿪ҶȼͷȻڰգŴ죬ƬʧȥƬֱ˵һӪ͡
Ҷȣʮͨߵֱڶ٣ǰҲ޷ġ
ӵͨߣʵȻԽ١
ʩչֻͨߵ״ɣҶȵ¶ЦݣȻʼӡͨһͬͷųֻϢС
ң֮Унʼڣȫںһ޴籩֮УȻϯصƣҶݺ¡
Ҷȴ߶ͨȻʩչֻ֮ͨУһаֻڵٷ籩֮ʡ
Ҷͨ壬Ȼ籩
ͬʱӶ˫ۣ籩شһֻؾơ
䣡
ֻؾ籩ײɲǣ籩ֻ֮Уڲһ𶯵ľֱӰֻͨͨ÷飬з࣬һѭﵽʱһɻ
׵籩Ȼһرֻؾƻ
ֱһɢȥͻȻ֮ϣԪҶˣͨʧ±Ԫ
һ̣̤٣ڣѾû˿ɵʣڵľ磬٣ûжࡣ
ֻҪһͿֻ̤ʱˡ
Ԫϴһ飬巢ըȻֿʼԪϵҶִ߶𣬰ٻָҲոԪ
Ѿ״̬û˿ʣɽ֮Уﵽ״̬Ѫûзֱ
ܹȻԼʮ֮ɣϢʼʧ
Ҷо䣬̫٣Ǿһɱ䣬޷
̴Ӳ¯֮У֮ǰȼյְʣµ֮ץա
ӿڣ֮УʼʧҶȿʼ仯ڵ֮УɴߣӰҶ֮󣬲Ӱ
Ȼ䣬ӰҶ뵽ǰһ޷͵⣺Ҿ;֣Ѫ壬ֳߵӰΨɹ޷ֳӰ
޷ܣɹڴʦ㣬ʦʯʶȻû״̬ߣɹʲôֻһףջǼԦʯʽѣ
ɹûֳߵӰҶҲ˴𰸡
ɹֶۣҲ࣬ξξ壬ɹɷʽ


1670 
ξ
ɹһ𣬵˭Ҳ뵽ξɹм䣬ôһĹ¡
һ䣬Ҷ˵Ȼûл
ˣξֶֻ۵Ů˰ˣҶֶ۵ĵӣξϵͬһ㣬ξߣشֶۣͬҲҶܴܵ󴥶
ʦӣ鶼ܡ磬Ҫӿ첽̤֮УУشʦ㣡
֮ʣҶѰ¶ģ޲Ͼ̤硣
ȥյһɶ¯ڲҲȫںڣʱ˿̣ҶѴﵽ߶ȣʵѴﵽ󣬲ҳԽͨ
Ȼ뵽ʲôüͷһ壬һץһ⣬˳ֻĩӡסƯҶǰ
㡭żҶȣĩовȻóҶʵﵽô˼ĵز
ϣǴˣֱҶȷӡľ
ΣףڵѾ죬ܴҶУѳȥָʵҶȿ⡢Ŀܡ
ڣֻпҶɫ¡
ҶĮȻʵĩɻǵһˣΪܣ
ܣ
üͷ΢΢һĩ뵽ʲô׵Ǻܾǰеһɽͷ
Ϊһɱ
һСӣ֪ǼöָͼڣһѰ𣿵޽֮أǼˣż֮Уö䣬֪֮󣬱նɱˣϧҲɽ֣˻ӳҵģ
ɱˣɱĺɣȻĩ½ԭʲô
ԭ㻹֪ȻΪѰ
ѰҾͲˣĩ磬ǲĵãӵеضǰɣαðΣգɽ磿
ĩһмЦ˾ˣԪ֮Ϊԭɽ硢֮УӦ֪ĹսǸʱڣ硢ɽ硢ͨģڷ硢ɽ翪սٵ䣿Ԫʼ䣬ʹõǶع屦սһЩ罻֣֮ʣõҲ룬磬ɽ֮У֮УȻ󶼿ƷǾƳģǲĴڣ½Ϊɽ磬ѰȻص磡
ԪʼǰŹ󾳽磬ʲôģʲô磿Ҷȼʵ˫ͫ⣬Խ档
ĩȫɫǰȻϵģȴҲҶȾ󾳽磬һʮ󾳽磬ֱ²вϲ񡢸߲ʥԪʼ񡢻񣡡
ʮ󾳽磿񡭡ʸƿ񼣣֮ڣ
Ҷȵģһʶ̾ϢﵽȻеľͷ
ĩֵҵľ磬в񣬿ɲҪСв񣬸ղ˵ʮ󾳽磬ֻһʮ󾳽磬ÿһ绹оŴݣвҲоŴݣžŹһڣڽ֮УˡԴʹվвλ磡
Դ
Դ뱾Դ࣬еķ򣬹Ϸ򣬲ɶҡˣӰ̤ҲͳΪ²񣬾ҪʼһԴһԴһλſԴŽλԴԽ࣬ʵԽǿ²ȻӵоſԴ²֮У޵еĴڣλв񣬻вǿߣ
Ϊأû뵽绹ôҪյĶҲãȻҪ磬ȻҪǰи˽⡣
ĩѾѹҪҵʦξҶȱҪ˽ࡣ
ࣿ
֪ĩӣ֣ǿɱ⣺ླҲв񣬶ѾﵽŽλһѾſԴںϣܽϲСӣ㻹ΪУǸ࣬λвŽλѾӵϲ磬ȫĶ֣ɵѹƣҴڲ߶ȣܿƹͥԪ
˵꣬ЦɲҪСвȻ²ϷǼΪ״ﵽģӲҪС࣬Сңв֮УѾһ֣ҲǹӶĶӳҲһеλ
ƺ䣬ҶȾĩ˼
Ƭ̣Ϳĩζ˵ĩҺһص磬磬Ϊҵ򵼣ֵĺãǿԷɣ
ӡңɣҲĩɭɭʵ
ҲԸɣҵԪֲҵԪӡȷ㲻ԶţҪ֪ȴ΢ˣ
ãĩˬʼ磬Ӧˡ
ĩ˼ô͸Ϊһ󣬾˵ԪӡߣȸһôΪãȻڵʵԶļ䣬һȥ磬ǸϹӣ֪ǳٴ
뵽ɽ龰ã֪꣬ҪԶٿͷϴξ飬һ磬и򵼡
ĩõѡ
Ȼ㻹ôӦһҳ׸֮ǰңҵ࣬ҵͻָɣҶһ
ĩܽƻЦݣǲҶȷҪҶίߣúãҲҵĵˣҲҵϣɲΪ˱ƿⷽˣ
ƿĽҶҪ͸漰
粻ֹһʮͨ鲼޴ɽ֮УƿЩΪʮԪʼּ⣬ڵһڵƿΪݽʵǿһţ㻹ܶԸࣿߣҲӹţСӣںɱܱնɱģĩΪмĺߵȻ߰ơ
ݽ
񣬳Խ²вϲ񡢸߲Ҫ֪ĩ࣬ֻвôݽжôǿ
ҲԤϵ
ȥ
ҶָһһԪӡ뷨ĩüģҲδֵҶһ֣ڷĩΧķӡʧ
СӣҲ֣ôɽͷֶΧҲŲôɵ֮󣬱ᵱԴŤߣָɵķĩ˶첲ŤŤͷûʲô飬ѾһߣζԸҶȡ
ҺСûдͷͷͷ࡭һ󰵰㣬ԽЦݡ
ҶֵúƱĩڹĩúûָʵӿֶۣһǿߣԽնɱһΣָʵ֮һͬͨ
ص磬ҲҵԸȻᾡΪĩͷ
뿪ɽ֮ǰ㻹Ҫȥһ˹ͥţͷͥͷ֮Уعͥһˣͥӭµһ죬ΪңͥĴڣ
ҶٴƳһ۷ĩȻʥ硣
С˵־޴ޱߣǣȥˣң֪ɽΪҴͨ
ĩδͣ٣ŷʥ磬ֻĿ⣬һֱǽƻдա


1671 磡ûϣ
ʥ磡
һٶֶۡ죬ע򣬴߶ŴԿռ䡣
Կռ磬ϵ֮
ҶȴŷĩһЩɵϾĩҶ˽һŷͷǣҶȵʵе𺳣Ʒĩʵ޷Ӧ
Ҷ뷨ĩ̼ӪҲ磬̰ԡ
ֶۣ㼯һĥԴʱ䲻ʧһʱڣۿҪһʧ
Ĳ񣬴ۣ֮˵Կռ䣬Ҳʼͷȼյâʥ磬âҫ֮¡
ɣʵǿޱߵġ
ϲ񡭡һϲ񣡣
ˣͷŵâޱߵǿĿ⡣
ĩΪ磬âʱһ̾¶ɵĿ⣬磬ѿʼرܷâ
ԭһϲ񡭡Ҷ֪ľ磬࣬Ȼǿ࣬绹ӵоģǿ崫ߣչ壬ʵֻ֪ﵽʲô߶ȡ
Ҷ˽Ĺȥ类׷ɱ縸ĸĴأûлᣬҲǿ󣬷Ϊﵽ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ϲ
ĩвѾϲȻӵ
䣡
Կռڲ翪ʼʩչڲ󷨣ΧͷǿߣԷӡڼʧ
ϧ壬Ȼ֪ˣɲ˼
磬ҶȻһʩչΪ˱ֻܲΪӪ

ǰ깥
ͻȻ䣬ʥأʼ𶯣󷨣գ۾һըΧɣǧףȻһۣĲ񣬴ԡƬ֮Уֳ
ÿˣһζ磬չЦݡ
統ÿʥ磬ȻֱҶȡֶ۴죬һٶͷ޽֮ء
ã˽硣
֮УɽǿߣǶΧһ·Ϸϵصʣ˶صȴϢ
һٶͷǴžӭ֮С
ڹٶͷĩֶۡĲ磬޲𾪣󣬺εȸ
оͷİٶ󷽣Ҷ뽪̫顢졢ʵֱİҲǰһʮˣϷԲͷͨ硣
뷨ĩֶ໥һɨ̳֣âΪһɾ޴ҶȵˣҲͷǿҲһͬǿӳɺ֮С
ڲ÷ػζ
¡
һץѸͺͷʱ޴ըµ𶯣ֻըʼըһɵĿӡ
һĻˣϣ
ͷ棬һδιǿϵϷ۷ͨ磬ԽԽƺоһαը֮ͻ֡
ಡ
Ȼ䣬Ӱ˺󷽷ɳ
ħӡ
˼Ӱ׷׷̾ΪˣħһŮӣ
ˣ
ҶȼתĿؿŮӣΪŮӣһֱȴ޷Ըˡ
ĿƽĵҶȣģֻһ֮Ϊɽһ
СӣɣڣһаԣʵҲﵽ߶ȣһĺӣ΢΢͸غһ䡣
Ҷ֮ͷԱߣ˳֮ʣ˶оħ죬а
ϣȻ˿ںһˣĩһ°Ͷϲϡ
һ׳ںϹ֮У
ϵ֮ͦ泾ƺҪţӭɡ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ѵͨǧ׵ķ棬γɺܳµһι֮Ϸʼ
ѵ
ĩͻȻüϴһӣŲѣҿ쳷룬ϷҪȫǱ߳ȥһˣ
ʲô
Ҫݣ
һ仰ըըֶۡҲɣתʾ뿪

ܷĩ˵Ļֵֵţִ¿Цעˣ̼뿪
ͻͻͻ
Ȼɸո뿪Ϸ֮ϷѺۣûд̮һһ޴ķƬӷ룬һһ·
Һãٰͷʱ뿪ո뿪һƬų׺£׹޴շ
ͻ䣬ΧΧ۵ȴˣŵò֪룬ͷƤ飬֮ѹ󣬻йͥоͷۣͥѾ˽֪顣
ݣκ˶ֲ
ڣľͷתϷƬ׹µٶȣʱʱֻһƬ
ţʱпݣ޷ٴھܵ𶯣˵ȫݣô֮ǰһڰ׷ѹ
ھ򣬶״Ȼͥھһδεݣò칬Ҳһֱھ
ڳĬĩȴһ²ؼ߸߹ģЦЦһʱˣֺŭϧûа취
ϣǰ˲࣬˵ҡҡͷһΡ
̫޷ٴͨȥֻѰһƬͨ¿ʼͨǵ𽥺תټͨ
ˣ⴦ֻܷһݣǾ˵⡭ǻǼһķ㣬ͨҲԼ
֮ûһˣЦĳ²ؼ
ĳ֣ϷĩΪԴͨĽ磬ǡҪһʱ䣡
Ҷӿ죬Ҫ׷Ĳʱ򣬿ֶۣһ޹⣬бضʮѹ
̫ת˻⣬ڵҲȺúϢΪͥ칬˫˫ܵһЩͷûɽ˷ˣҼȻǲΪ磬ĺҲΪɽƽһ뷨
ܺãһһ־ͷڹѰµķ棡۴ɣվʾͬ⡣
ľͷҲ׷Ĭϣܿ죬󲿷־ͷˣɽ̫˴죬뿪˹
붷졢ͷȾͷԼһˣżǧˣʼͷ
ն졢ħҲȥѰµĿꡣ
˿̣ҶվֶԱߣֹԫӣҶȿֶʱͫ˼𱸣ҲھΣۿߣʪĹ
硭һҪ磡ֶۣҶ߬ȭͷ޲ãϽ磬ϧ̧ͷһɨ㣬޼ƿʩް취
ԫȥ޽֮ţǴʦ⣬žǶʱ𣡡㴦ʹ֮Уֶۻݹ۴֣ӣ½硣


1672 뿪֮ǰ
ֶֿҶȣ·ʧȥŮް취취ȥ硭ʦҵ
ӾΪ
磿
Ҷ㶣ֶۼеĿӦֶ֮۴㡣
ҿ㣬ԴƣǿдƵĿܣ٣١ĲҶԱߣȻĲָ֮С
ĳ֣·ǵպˣֻǶˣޣҶؽɴʵ磬ʶԪѵҲûа취
ûа취ԶŴս֮Ľͨ٣ֻͨʮͨԽ磬ȻҲҸĸǰǿ󣬷Ҳлᣬҵ취⻹ҪԼȥ취һź˵̬˷ɣ
ûа취
Ҷ治Ըţʲôɣȥƭ
ˡ
һ󣬼Ȼûа취Ҷȿ磺ϣʱ֣ܳҵð׵һУźã˵ʱ̤磡
粻޵뷨֤侲ͶˣνͷȻֱеʱһζǿջ񣬲䣬Ҳпܷ
磬ڹɣпܽ磬ݣعѡ񣡡
Ҷȸ磬߶ǿͨٻйڸ̫Ҵ½ĸ֡
ն졢ҶڹŻġֶˡɲŮ¹ùҲĩЩȻҲģŹɾҶĪȻҶҶꡢٻҲһ
˾칬һս߱ǿƣҶ߶ǧͼˣ˲Ϣ뿪ڸ߿ա
һ
ҶȾʹˣԽڰǰһصŤ̫Ҵ½ȻƯǰ
ܿ죬ʥ֮УҶټˣڹ㳡֮ϡ
ҶȸˣԼˡֿѣ֮صĳأ֮Ҷͷź½գŬ칬ѱƵͥҲʧȥľͷɽһµľ֮Уڻ״̬ȻȥͨУЩͷڹѰҳ·ʱпܣ뿪ɽ硣
ÿһԺҶȾˣ֮ȥ
ֵҲܴÿ˽磬ǿ֮أϣǿԼ̤磬ȻҵΣΪǣΪɽ磬ҵܽİ취Բ֪ʲôʱҲǺܾԺҲһ̣Ҿͻ뿪ɽ磬뿪֮ɻ뷨ֶɾһУµԴУ̿Уҵɽ磬ǣ̫Ҵ½չõʱ򡣡
Ҷ
˻һ󣬶ᣬŸ߸ϵҶȡ
㽣ն졢Ҳ
Ҳ˸Уӷ絽ɽ磬ٴɽ絽磬һˣڴңҲǷ룬̤֮һѰҴɽͨ½ӭӴҡ
˵꣬ҶȾû뷨ֶάֳ򣬰ˣҶŹɾ뽣ն졢ƽԨص֮С
һʱ䣬ҶȰǬʬΪһ򣬰ɾںǬ޼
ɾԪֵõʯɾͲҲ̫Ҵ½
֮Ҷ뽣ն졢ƾۼھؿռ䣬˺žƣĴ£ȻҶԺģˣлֵܣȻһͬǰ
ǵȻ׵
նҲͬ⣬ڳħ˵ˡ
Ҷֵ뿪ɽ֮ǰǵȥѹ𣬴ɵģ̫Ҵ½ܴѹˣٴϣոĴ߾֮ٺúðԼźãʱ׼磡
ߡ֪˶ӵдҲӵУȻ绢
Ҷְʬ壬鱣أΪ˰ᣬϧɽ磬һĴĹҵϣɽϣҶȻΪˣѰһϢ֮ء
ּ˼ˡѣԼꡢٻˣ˼֮Ҷ̴Żġĩͥ
ն졢ƶص֮󣬴Ҫ
ͥ
ʧȥشۡش֮ۡͥ磬Դ˵ڵҶȣǹȥҶȣһҲ򿪽硣
䣡
ɷ˵ıһϡﻩһӣͥڲʮͥϷɳǿߡ
ģ뷨л뿪ɽ磬ȥ磬ɽ磿ŭɱ֮ʣҶģԵúء
Ȼȥ磡
ԥһᣬ˴𰸣һ
̤磬ҶȲȥ̫࣬Ϊûʵ籣ҡ
ͷ֮ŭĹͥȺɣǺãһһѣΪͥƿߣϣͥ𽥵õɽϿɣֻһĵز
ģ
У
ԱǡȻǡǷĩ
ˣΪͥϮɱһʧǰһ
δսĸ֪Ҷȣ
ĸ֪ĩĳࣿ
˶޵еĴڣϻĳɾͰη֮Уպչһʱ䣬ͥѻȸ
Ҷ򻺻ڣȲˣҲδʧȥѹյۡشۡشۡţͷ񣬻йͥһ֣ȡ˽Դ칬УԴвɽ磬ùͥȡ칬ΪɽǿЦȫûǵҰģΪӰͥҪˣǹͥ۵Ըɽ緢չȥȻ𣡡
ڹͥڲգϻصûһ˷ûһ˳
ಡ
ĵӰȻӹ˺󷽷ͷߣɣ
ɣʲôˣȻʶɣһƿһͥͥ
δˣ塢šҶǰĩʱȻηҲһݺ⡣
ˣҶȴ壬ͥһΪ㣬ʱأҶпһ뿪ɽ磬Ҫعɽ磬ȴ磬һܻͨعɽ磬ʱ䣬ͥΪᱻľͷƿأͥôʱ䣬Ҫ뿪û˿ֹ㣬£ϣɣܰѹͥ;Ҫκΰʱ̫Ҵ½
һֱͬ۵ˣ䣬ѲɵֻжԼҵľ벻ᣬģϷȫȰͥͥı̬ȣѹͥһµδҵıŵӣҲΪͥҪûǰǸңڣɫ
Ҷף꣬ӳ죺ϣһ·˳磬̤磬ǰһնɱ죬ЩԷͬţϣÿˣߵĸԶͬϣŹѩ
ѩ
Ȼ䣬ҶȵǸоӲʶƵģľĶ˸ı䣬ͬһϹŶ
ѩҵĴ㣬סҪ̫Ҵ½ҶȴͻЦݣ׿壬ҲһЦЦתŻġĩ뿪˹ͥʱա
ķâڷ磬ôҫۣɽ磬գôȥ磬ţҲվ۷壡
峤һ̾šþ޷عƺ䣬ͳͳص磬ݴ½


1673 ϣ֣챦
ѩ
뿪֮ͥҶԺ˳ʥ֮ѩ
Ҷʱδȥѩˮӹһ٣ڣҶȱҵǡ
ŷĩĴգ֮Уʼ߶龻֣׽ѩʥ֮
𽥿ɳɽʱ龻˶ҶȻ÷λ֮˫ʥȥһٷȻ߶ǧͼΪǳ⻷ĩʧ֮С
ת˲߳ڰ֮УǰƬγɡƯķ籩ʱգһƬеĳɡ
Ҷ֪ĩһԣȻʩչͨһ⣬ָһǰƯ롣
ţ
һһƬϿա
ƿնպڷƬǰʧٿȻʧֻһѩ۵ѩˮŵطɳ
ʦʲôˣȻܷǵϢˮѩֳ񽣣ٴС
Ҷȣ
ѩƽ³֡
ˮʱһĿ⿪ʼ
ͨѴﵽɹĸ߶ȣӲˡѩԵ䣬֪ҶȵĿ£ǿ𣬶ϣ䣬Ķ֣
뵽ˮףشˮɳ롣
֮˴һƬ㣬ǰҶȡĩˣ˲ѩü֮ϣĺ⡣
ѩҶҲûһݴǶ飬ƵᣬصѩҲɱˮģ㻢񣬵Ѹ˵ûжԹвݵĳޣ֮һжˣ֮䣬ûκǶ˱Ӵ뿪ɳɽǽɳɽܷŹ㣬˲һŹ㣡
ɳɽң˵ʵڵģҶɳɽ޶ٸ顭ҴӦ㣬Ӵˮɳɽûκιϸ𣬿𣿡ѩŭҧź񴽣Ϊε˵
֮أ첻ڣȴԽ磬֣ȥҲ̤޷ĸ߶ȣ
֮ǰǰѩѣĶһ̻ΪǳâϢʧӰ١
֮ˮſϰĿ⣬Ųѩϣճյ̾ʦ𡭡Źǣ
վڵĸ߶ȣûҪرˮ˵ĺܶԣǿ̤磬Ӧȥ߸Զ磡
ѩܵĿ⸴Ӷã֪ʲô飬֮һֱڴ֮С
մڵʱ֮С
˿ѽɢ֪ڵʵȻŹĺܿ죬ӵдߵϢĿǰʵȥη
ȻҪ뿪磬к֮ǣһһ
һԶžͷʱ̣ھͷֵֿ࣬ʵϣһΪ˽ļһ
ȡѪ⣬ֳޣȻ׻⣬˭ҲԸ⣬ӵԼѪ⡣
Ҷȴ߶龻֣ҲһԽգ̴ֳ뷨ĩɽ磬֮£һģϴɳء
ǻ㣬ͨɳء˺֮СϧӵϢ
Ҷ÷ĩڸ߿յһϢɳأһլϿգԺ䣬̾͸ӦΪլˣڷɡ
ᣡ
ָһ¥һץָָӡγɼ̲ķӡѸ֮ƣ˲ϢͰ¥ӡ
䣡
ӡ̣֮¥ըзɳһӰǴ𣬷·ҲҶȣƵģӳָӡ
ϧҶڵʵƽġ

һҽзָӡѹȻҶȻһͰѴץǰ
Ҷȣ㻹ϷŹңҪȡҵѪ⣬ҶȡѪ⣡ŭκȵ
ʵ˭ܱ֤ҷŹ㣬ͻŹң뿪磬ǵӵиǿ㻹ֿҶԻ𣿿²ɣ磬ʵΪ㵱ݺͥ칬ˣΪǴ𣿡
Ҷһ֮˵ĴǸɵۣԶԣһʱƿԡ
Ҳģһ󣬴ȻҶȱ֤
˵ᣬͲ᣿С𣬽ҲɱģĪרԸңϧһδʧܣҲɱ㣬Ҳװ׷Ź㣬Ԫӣֻһ˿Խ⿪ֲԪǸ⣬ԶԪɢ³
䣬ҶȱһָһԷӡವһüģŵƤһ󹦷Ż
ȻҶȴŴصգ÷ĩлعҲһ̫Ҵ½ҶŴɲǾڡ
ƣնֳӭӣȻ˽뵶ڽأʩչӡڴʵʵҶߣûκηֱ
Ѫô࣬ٽһ㣬ҲʹɣħͻȻɭɭЦݣŻЦڨڨضŴ
ʱһħ𣬲뵽ħܻ̫ʼһĻ˸顣
ಣ
Ҷֱӣ֮䣬ӴڳһѪ
㡭Ĵ޷޷ӦѪʱʶʲôҶȣûʲô˵ֻܰԹ¡
Ҷôһڵ󷨿ռ䣬Ȼ߶䣬ʱռ䡣
գҶȴ߶ȼԴѪѪҺ֮УʣȻʵԵδﵽ̫顢ָͥ߶ȡ
ͬʱʼѪҶȴ߶龻֣նںѪڳƣȫҶȥġ
Լʮ֮
˷׷˫ۣһ̾أȻڵ֮УγĵӰе
ҶʩչߣȻԽ𣬿ϧǲʣߣһץʱ䣬ٺúںһ˵ǣʱϢ
˼̱ۣںϴߡ
ˡ
꣬ں֮УȻ䣬ҷԶԸ߿գһââͬɢ
Ҷۣââ֮УһйâǴǣġ
ʱǣɫŻư֣ڳຣɫģ·ݺύ
һ壡
ҶȴδһĻӡ֮Уǵȷأ纺ϵΪģûκã㱻һֱӣϴεƽһЩģʲô֮ģҲǶ϶
ѵµķ֣
Ժ֮УͻأðͷҶϷڣ֮Уոս룬纺һϼ̨̨󣬴ſʮˣ̨ڵʡ
ãͻȻһ䣬һ㳢У֪ǵĴ߶ţ
纺Ưڼ̨֮ϣƺҲδͻ֮УѹҶȣչ¶ϲЦݣ֪ǵԭǣҺ壬磬֮еĴ󹤾ߣɲǼ򵥵ĴߣǿԴӵ˵Դ棬磡
󹤾ߣ˴˵Ҷȣʱޱ𾪵ı飬纺ߣȲ֪ǵܡ


1674 ѵ֮
Щģ֮õģ㿴
纺֪Ҷ뾡磬Ҷ̨һһĨһƬģֳ
ΰĺ壬һͳ֮еˮ򣬺ˣպķѪоԴӵһͳˮָտɴҴߡ
ƯģҶȻĺ󲿷֣ȴȻֹ⵽ƻõʧ
纺ֵʱ䣬Ҳúоǰϧ޷ƽģҺ߶֮󣬼ԦǵģҲ̳֣ȻƲȫȴԴ߶ǣһδ⵽ƻ޷޴ʧȥ󣬻֪ûаգ㣬ﵽ磬ʧܡԷĺԼһʧܣУû˿Ի
Ҳ˵гɹܣʧܵĿܣ
⵹Ҷȴì֮Уϸ˼ٴӷھ治֪£ܴܴͨܲͨһδ֪ú챦־޷ԤϵΣաδ֪ȴڴʱϣܡ
纺֮ͫУȹâôˡ
ˣôҲһԣʼҴϴ֣һ̤ͬ磬Σգʧܣȫûֻܴżȥ硭ʧܣôһܱǻ޾ȴУҹҹʹҪǿٱ
˫ȭһ߬Ҷȹ纺ף纣ǼԦţһ£ȥ
գۣҶȱ뿪ǡ
ʲô
̳Ϸն졢ƶһ㵵ı顣
Ϣ׺䶥
Ҷȵ˾Ϣ֮󣬰Ŀ⿴ն죺ϣʧܿҲܴ޷Ԥϣ޷ƿأ硢磬ͥڻҪǽһӪҵ˼ǴֻҪ˾͹ˣƣȻҪһģҲϣҲһѣʧˣǻڣȫʧˣôͥڡ̫Ҵ½ô죿
ϴ˵ʵ˼ǣһκ飬νĳħ𣬴ʱ˿Ҳһࡣ
ȻˣǶ˾ɽ磬ȴǵĺϢն죬δǶãֻƬ̼䣬˴𰸡
ţ뿪˾䣬
۷壬ֶ̫ۡ顢߾𡢳ͷħӡˡԼġꡢٻȵֻҪҶкˡ
ҶȵĸĸԼҶˣû֪ͨ
磬ȻһƬţʱʱдʣǿֻƬӷ룬޽֮ء
ֶھ·ͷһͬͨʱпݣϾѾͨ룬ﴩ㣬һݾ
ݵķ㣬˵Ҳɶģǿд顣
˿̣ˣҶȡħ硢ĩԼ纺Ư֮£纺һ⣬ֱԼɴǣƯ·
ҶȣһҪϣĴʦ㣬ҵߣ
ʤˣҶȵ뿪ǧ罣ն죬ֱꡢٻǶû֨ĬĬףš
ֶ۵߳һɫҶȽҪҲҪȫػع飬ҸЩˣϣɽϣ
ӽʦػʦ㣬ȫ
ҶֶۣˣҲȻٶ࿴һۣŷ֮ʹֲأơĩ硢纺һڣС
ʦ𣡣
ٻͨһ£Ҳ᲻ն죬ۣ̿뿪ߣ뿪ɽ硣
ݡ
Ǳ棬ͻأຣɫ·Ϊһɫ棬ǵײγɺĻȼղ㣬ƶǣ֮С
𽥵أ뿪֮С
֮С
ڼ̨룬̨γһƬ͸Ǽ̵ڱڡ
߶ҶִӾ֮УԣṩԴԴϵ֮ϣԿ͸ڱڣٶȲϼӿ죬ͷ
ĿڷĩϣҶȴ磬ֻ뷨ĩ󣬶ʵǿǳɹ磬Σֻʱ㣡
ҶΧ磬Ҳ˽⣬ºзִ磬ĩǸܺõ򵼣ȻĵģǶģ˲ǯƣκβ־ٶһἴ̳֣ʵʵ
صһЦƳһ۷ĩֳֵɫϣԺ챦ǰȻ磡
ɣٶԽԽ죬Ҫײ㾡ͷҶ̧ͷϷѾоٶȲϼӿ죬ͷԽԽ
ಣ
¡
䣬һϴķ飬ͷ䣬ƫУպ֮ϣǾһζڲ࣬ˣΪһ
ʱһɫ࣬δ޷ƿء
ˣħָϷٶȲϼӿ죬Ͼײڷ澡ͷ
ҶȺݺҧأĿͶ纺׵纣Ƿţõģ
纺˿ȫͷź⣬˫ֲͣŷӡǰ󷨱һں״̬
û뵽һԺŮ󡭡
˿ȥھԼȫһˣĿŹթ纺ϡ
ĩĥĥ촽壬ޱȾ޴ŮϹϵҲǰץס׸壬ǿԻȡмֵı
Σĩƺ˼ע纺ϡ
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ײͷ֮ϣ͵һڲˣѪӿڶǾǿߡ
ͻͻͻ
䣡
ҡΡ֮УǹȻޱȰԵģײ棬ٶȾҰڱڣķ㣬һײĿ»档
֮Уǡ
Ǵ֮µ̿ʼƬסָֻΪķ㡣
ǴʧܣôҶˣԶǣںķ㡣
ǻڲϴ󣬶㣬ڵˣԺʱֻ״ԴԴԼǾ𶯣ܵشһήҲ
͸ǶԿٶ࣬ƣҲ˲٣ؼؼǶѺۣǾģڴ鴦Ҳһѡ
ˡľͺã
ĩľҲ޷ʱ̣
Ҷħ纺ʲôû˵һסȼģĿǶָĹѣ֮ǰ㣬硣
䣡
Ȼ𶯣ԽԽ࣬Ȼȫ߶£㣬ԼһʣײײһͨĻ·
һǰ
ۡ
һ֮ͻȻˮ˴
ȥַȻڣһɺˮںڷ֮Уǲײˮһײ㣬ǶѺۼγһ壬ʱпȫѿ
˲֮ʣĩ͵ĵˮΪԨˮԶʱڣĽͨʱϵ硢ɽ硢κ壬ȻԽǿ󣬾ܶɹˮﵽҪȥ磬šǾߣ


1675 Ԩˮ
Ԩˮ
Ȼźĵĺˮ磬һֽ޾ڰϣĸоֿɻҶȡԼ纺ĩ˵ĺܶԣӦþԨˮԪ֮ǰĽĴܣͨͨȥ磬͵͵ɹԨˮγˮ磬ﾡͷ
ĵԨˮôϤ
Ԩˮ֣ҲδϣҶһĨɻͻȻǾһЦֲãõ໨ŴȥƤ֮У֤Ŵۣ磬磬ѵԨˮҲ˵Ԫ֮໨Ŵۣ֪ʲô취㣬ﵽԨˮѵ˵Ҳɹˣ
ϤĺˮҶ뵽໨Ŵۡ
ٴԨˮޱ޼ʣûоͷϣγĵʡ
ĩΪ֮УϤĴڣ˿ֿˣ罵ٶ£ûԨˮԼܴﵽԨˮ˵ѾҪﵽ硭
ҪɹˣħĦȭƣԾԾԣ׼ã磬չȭš
¡
һԨˮײһޱȺʵķ֮ϡ
ٴ𶯣𶯡
꣡
Ȼ˶ͻȻǶ̧ͷһһɫ
ǶγһƬҼ޴ѷ죬ѾᴩѲ֣һɫڻϷ
翴ˣ׼ϾҪ飬ҲҪԨˮûιԨˮǿд׼

˵ͨǶѲͻȻ飬ͣԨˮڲֱӵ֮С
ãСģ뿪ǣɢԨˮɢôҪһ𣬾ϼˣ
һԾҶȡơ纺ĩҲ뿪̨
˶ʱԨˮ޴ײײͨͨڱڣ纺ӡǻΪһ⣬ʧġ
ͣ
ɲǣ˲ǣǱУǴһԨˮ֮УҸոܵԨˮײÿ˶ܵͬӰ죬Ȼ뷨ĩ纺˵Ӱ첻󣬵Ҷ˵ɴﵽ˵ز
˻ָܾˣһأʱ̷ָơ
ûǶ֮Ҳûκεıһʼ˷
˷ĩ磬ˣ𾪵ط֣ԨˮȻҪȻƤѪ⣬ֱȻ
Ƿĩ硢纺˶ò֣߶̷ֵԨˮ֮Ҷ˵ϾϾʵȲˣԨˮɵϵ
ԼԨˮУ˰ʱ˲Ӧͣ߶γɷԿԨˮ
Ҷȷ֣޾ȻԨˮӰ죬ں˯
Ȼĵ磬ϷǼ̵ķ㡣
磬֪ںδ
Ҷȼ̿ĩ򵼣ȻǼ֮Уһյơ
ĩʼѡ񣬵һǿд㣬ڶǲͣΣѰҷ鴦ߵķ㣬֮һϢٰڣǲ֮ǣľֻ֮е
ΰɣһ㣬һͨҪһԼ
ţ
Ҷȡơ纺Ҳͬ⡣
ŵԨˮȥͷѾԶ㣬ԨˮȻŵģҲڻ
ĩˣʼζ
Ԩˮڲ͸㣬ķ򣬱Ȼͨ·˺ѴϷΣҵڣĩ˲ͣζһ͵
ħСǺһԨˮںܴϸʴѪ⣬һ˳Ȼȥѳθʴ
ʱһȥУֻԨˮOO@@ˮ

Լ¹ȥ˶ĿģͻȻǰ˼ٵˮ
̼ӿٶȣζǼӷУֳһѷ죬Ԩˮӷѷ
˳ѷ죬Ǿϵµĸ߶ȣ
ĩ¶ϲЦݣ޷ڲؼȻһ߶ͨƯˮϣ˫ץסѺ۱أͷǿһȻͷʵԨˮС

Ҷ纺һͬѺ۴淨ĩͷǿֹͣɣһͷԨˮ֮С
Ȼ˫ֿʼŷ˺ұڣϵضԨˮڼ£
û뵽Ԩˮ˸ӣ֪໨Ŵۣ굽˳ﵽûУҶȲٴ뵽໨Ŵۣ̾Ϣ˳񣬾Ȼ˼ѣԽ
ͣ
˫֣ˮ棡
Ҷ纺硢Ƽðͷ
ĵˮոۣͻȻͼĩֳһ񵶣ɭɭЦݣˡ
ãܵԨˮӰ졣
ˣ磿㣬ҶȣߵȻ˶Դңٴˣȡǵɣ
˻ᣬĩﶯ񵶣֮У۵â񵶴âŰԵԴ
龻֣Ԫƣ
Ҷ˫һϣɲǣĩͷ­Ȼӿһɿµĺɫ棬˲ͷ­

ڰͣ£ɫסͷ­ķĩʹץԴ߶Ҫѹɫ棬Ǻɫ޷ѹģʱ۵һֻһԨˮ֮Уʹš
оͬɱ֮ǰڲͣغС
ҶˣѾѷ죬վڷϷĴһЩˮ֮Ҷȼĩǰһ̤¸ϣɱڵĺȵĩԼɲҪң·㲻ҪƫҪѡ·
ɱң֪ˣ֪ˣŹҰɣĩ޷ۣʹرͷҶġ
֪ˣܰɣħҲԱߣµ˵
֪ˣң磬ûҴ·޷ȥģȥ磬ҲҪңһôǲǣ
˵ĺܶԣȷô
ĩͬݣƴصͷǣкܴô
ħЦûЦϴ󣬼Ȼô֪ˣͷ̫ˣҶĿȥһ󰡣
һ⣬ıô죿ҶȲģ̬Ȼܼ
ħֵӦò˰ɣĩûô࣬ǴϴԪӡ޷Ƶģ
ðɣϡĩһҾͷŹ㣬㿴⸱ģһжҵģȡ裡
ҶһţڷĩСϣһţ÷ĩʹУѳסͷ­ĺɫ棬׷ʧ
ĩ̴ҶȹһҶȽˡ
ô죿ҶȲмʵ
ĩʵͽش𣺡տķ㣬ǰȻԨˮ磬ϧ©²㣬ֻҪһѰ鴦ܰٷְ뿪磬磬ţϷӦֻ㣡
ԼУ̫ԭϢ֮ټ
纣أҶֿ纺
纺׵Ͱ˵İ죬˭֪棬ʲôΣգǵȷǿ״̬ѹأ


1676 ֮أ
˵ڷ֮ϣҺһԨˮֻʣӹȲף󲿷ֶ¶ķʯ
һӡһɻ棬һգ߸ߵҫϿգΧǧ׷Χֻʵľ
Źâ˷ȻϤķ㣬ֻķ㣬Ӽ̣ԨˮϴˢӲȻǱѰ
ȻǼžû壬磬ܴ㣬оһĹ˿ϣ
ʩչͨʼָô
Ҷóٱָ纺дıʣ·ĩȴûд߶ռ䣬ҶҪĴ䣬ϾڷһԪ֮ãȻջ
Ҷ᲻֪رϧڲǶʱʧȥ򵼣γ磬ȷ㣬ãã磬ҵࡣ
ʮ磬㲻ȱʱõūǶıԴΪ񡭡
մԴϻָĥľҲڲϻָ֮С
ʱ˿̣Ҷʼ֣ƻ֮·
˼һĩ˵˵зһУϸϸè壡
ĩһ̿ˮٲҶȣųơ纺渵ҾҪյģ̤磬һ˳
ϸϸŶ䣬һָһڴйһС
߳磬ɲǾҪԴҪֵסѹԼʮ֮һˣܲѹ˲䱻ѹԱҲҪϰ֣Ҫ£
ĩˣϸĽӦҪʼԴԴ֣һرԴͬɽԪΣԴľ̾ڵࡢѪҺ֮еľʮ󾳽磬²вϲ񡢸߲ʥԪʼ񡢻񣬶ÿ磬ΪŴλλĻ֣Դ
Դͬ𵤰Ĵڣ̤֮󣬾ҪؾڽԴԴɹᣬ²һλҲһԴҲΣԣ΢ʲô⣬Դһʧܣͻᷢըѽը飬ʧȥ𵤣Ͳʿ
綼󣬳磬ɽԭסһҲԭסǳӵ²вϲ߲ΪţĳЩܣĶŮӵʥ񣬻ΪȻв񣬲ܼܣ
ĩһѰз棬˵ð˰˾žš
Ҷȡ纺ƶЩ磬δ⣬ԣЩţգʵһϲĴڣΪĸĸǿߡ
ʵǸʲô磿
ɽһ޴ģʮԶŵʱҲ֮أ˽磬磬绷ҪһӣǺûͳƹ֮䣬˭ޱߣ˵Ǻ˵඼ΪεģλΪ纺Ů񣬱ںʿ
󻷾ҲĲͬ˵뺣߶Ƕģ֮УĴС޷жʵϾ֮Ҳ֮Ҳ֮ϣҲ½磬Ҳ
ǿ󣬴磬ĵߣΪﵽ߾Ĵܣģ޴ޱߣÿһ֮УҲиڵ֧Ҳк֧ҲһҪȥҪ塢̣ں塢У࣬Ǻ壬ץס壬ͻԣǽΪūǸıʣΪײˣ֮³ʮңʿ඼ǽ֮Ҫˣĩ˵ü֮ϣ޷αװļɵ
纺俴ĩô˵ú巢ңǻᱻǵҪĿꣿ
塢壬ǲݵģ㶼֪
ĩԵúܴ㵣ӡ֮У纺Ǻ壬һΪԭ½Ӧö磬ǳ˽⡣
ֵǹޱߵĴ½磬ӡȴڣ˫˭룬ռݶԷ̣ΪһͳˮľͷֺʿӣҪšţƵ
Ҷûȥο纺ԵúƽʳһҪ⣺̤磬Ӧþ౳Ϊݽؽ磬᲻뵽ǿܴ̤磬һڸ
޷شݽܳΪƿˣȻǿޱߣҴδִܼģκο֣ܶǡ
һ˵Ҷƣɫȴ˿ڷ磺ϸԪ½֮ǰݽȻ̾ᣬȻͲƿߣôݽпܣ뿪ߵԪʼֽѾվڸߵĸ߶ȣҪԸ࣬ҪݽΪС
㵣ģֻҪҵ࣬Ȼỹɣ෴ˣɱĺ
ݺӦһ䣬÷ĩʵ˵ʲôҶҲʲô˽ţʣ¾̤磬һȥص硣
ӡ
ô磬룡
ٴΰع龲֮С
Լʮ֮
ںķڰ磬˶ֹͣУһһﵽ״̬Ȼɷĩ·ʼĺۼΣѰҽһķ硣
ǵüӱзĩ󣬴Ǹ޳Сˣһлᣬػ֣
Ѱңںڰûҵѷ·ȻҶȡơ纺ѼСĻķĩ
ˣ
𽥽Ԩˮ֮УֻˮֻͨλãһСŽ£ˮǰ
ء
¹ȥͣͣߣ֪ѰҶԶȻ䣬ſҶȼͷޣ΢΢˾
Īǡ
Ҷơ纺֪һǸļһͻȻ˷Ӧ˵
ʲô
һʱ䣬رΧ䣬һ⣬ǰ磬·ľͷӸ߿պڰУ͸ֻһ⡣
ҫ뿪Ļ𻨡
͸˵ѷ죬ֱ磡ʱָСеĵģǼ
ǣ
ĩЩüƺ뼸ˣâԱߣֻӲͷƤ˼ӿٶȣ⡣

ֻ֣ðӣ߶ٶȣڴﵽ͸ķռ䡣
Զһ⣬ռ䣬ſһƬ⣬Ӱ׿׾޴ѷУ͸
˷̧ͷ⣬ȼ޷ڲصļֻѷϷԼ֮ߵľͷ߲ʰ쵵磬ҫޱȣĿУ磬֮Уá
Ϊ
ǡ磡
磬ϴڳɹˣħ˫ֲЦָֻģ
ĩżΪӵЦݣԣȷ磬ǳɹˣһ̤磬ǾҪ׼羫ѹȣڽԴ
磡ˣ
÷ĩͷҶǣ纺ơ缤ѷߴ
Ҷȣֻ١Ų֪ɣֻаſԿסѹ籾ԴǿޱȣԦ˾ˣԦ籾ԴԴ룬編ѹñ
ĩ󣬼֮УҶȱӰһЦ


1677 磡Դ
⣬һУâ硣

ʮǿ״̬ٶȣڷɳѲ㣬ӭâ߲ʰ쵵硣
գ֮䣬Ǻڰķ磬һʢԽɽ硣
գһƯɵ΢磬ɽˣ
磡
˾ͻأأվ֮ϣ硣
ֻǺˡ
ۡ
䣡
֮У뷨ĩ纺ҶƽֻǸոպһĺؾˣͻȻ磬ƿµѹѹһǰһֻ٣ܵˣͻľ
׷һȻһڿѪ
纺ҲܵһӰ죬Ա˺õĶࡣ
ҶȡΪܳסѹҳ֣磬Ĵ
ĩĮһԹۿţһĨЦҪԼҶȱѹһҲûˣԴ߶ԪΪˡ
һ󣬾ҪܵǯƣǶô˼衣
ϧûзĩڴһĻ
̫һΪ¯ں
ҶȱƣصĶ࣬ϾΪ̫ͣȫˣǰ񣬳ƺֵܿܵҶȴϱѹȡ
ױ編ѹġ
߶ڲĲ𵤣ʼת̫һִ߶ֻͨ壬γһ޴ѭѹոսҶڣͿʼѭ֮У𽥱ѹ
ǣҶܵ޴ѹȣ룬ĩ磺ĩúڴע⶯Ǽ˱ҪӦ
˵꣬ʾ⣬Ȼŷĩһһתơ纺󷽷γɵĹֵش
ߣշУ
纺շУҶƻ޷˳Դſԡ
˵Ըʩչͨѹ
ҶȸԵƣ羫Ѿ߶ֻۣѹԶӿ֮УƤƣ纺ͷŵâڿʼȻɵϢ
ĿǰҶȵ״ǵġ
оҪѹƵģ·緲ˣѹŰٽǧϵڿԻһȻҪ⵽ϼѹ̫һһѪˡпܡ
Ŀ֮
ԴȡԡɵϢΪһ֣ȻͻưԼ󣡡
٣ֻһ磬Ҷڣʹﵽ߶ȣֻǾδһ⿪ӡԴ»ֱӱԴأֱ̤
¯
ʩչԼ¯Ȼδﵽ߶ȣȴҲֻһܵѹӰ죬ɽκ
ȻҶȿأԼĸӦӦ׷Χߣֻͬܿһ룬ڵĴŶ⣬磬һˡ
ʼɣ
˫һᣬӡӡʧʼֱѹƤѹ壬߶һγѭ״̬ȻһƤ֮ؾ
ˡ
ؾ֮ȫѹɵ֮ϣ̫⡢޼˻׶ҪܵԼֻ̫һʮʮѹȡ
ʮ٣ҲҶ֮ԣ磬Ҫ̣ΪʮٿȡҶȲ٣һˣ磬ҲԱ֤ڡ
߶̫һֻںϣ뵤ʼڱɢɵҶȾɢȥɣ磬ɽʹá
Ȼڲȫ̫һɲǣϵɵ󷨡ͳͳըһ㣬𵤾ҪһͬըҶȿѹƣѾΪˡ
ɵɢ뿪ڣҲܵų⣬ʱ߶ʮ
Ȼ޵еϯȫ⡢ˣڼٵϣʹҶʼʢ
ž
ʮںʱÿ˽磬ᷢ飬ڲʼըҶȴ߶ʮ뱬ըԿܵ˵ĵط׷ϡ
ըʱſʼֹͣ羫ȻȵƯڽ롣
״Ҷȴϲڴ󲿷ʣѱõطϿɣԿʼȻԴ
֮ǰȻ߶ʮ٣Էһ

߶̫һѾھֹ״̬ҶֱתΧȻ
ؾʼӿҶڣ֮УȻҪܵһӰ죬ڲ֮ǰΣգؾֱ֮Уʱ˿̣ҶһԴȫھֹ״̬
̫⡢޼˻ףȻǶҶ˾磬ɵģ߶ֻﵽɽ磬޷Ŀ֡
̫һȻںһУ磬㲻ᱻɢҲ޷ɽǰⷢӡ
ֻܻؾһ뿪ڽ룬Դ
Դʵɽ硢зʽ࣬ҶȸеʮУ統ڷ磬ӷ˵һԪΪʱ̡
͵Դ
羫֮УҶȴ߶Ϊ״̬ѭͬʱҶҲʼ𵤣ѽڵͳͳ𽥣Ӧ
һȥֱҶȲÿǾڽڲ룬ϵѭͨʼΪԴ
һԵĳƣ巢һըȻƤ͸ȻͷǣӾ˵ǣĵֻۣ̰üɵգٶԽԽ죬վﵽɽ磬ٶȡ
˼飡
ƱҶȣ죬ԴɹңİϢѾʧһ˿ɵϢգһϢ·ϴ
һﵽ󡭡̫ˣﵽ֮ԴٶȣᳬԽ󲿷󣬽²ҲԳΪ²еһ
Ʊ仯Ҷһοҳƻ֮ˣʲôͨڸ֪
ٿ纺ԴȻȻ·֮ǰһֻʧȥԴԼܵһӡ磬պһзӡʧԴȡ߽λǿߡ
ҵӦȽ֮ǰѾкܴĸϸǳɹԴ̤󣬱ɸһС
仯֮ҶȸЦݣҪԴҲţҪ٣ֱ̤񣬽Ϊ
ԪѪѴﵽ߶ȡ
Դɹͻ
磬ֻſԴ٣Ǵ粽У޷ԴΪſһšڶššֱھſԴ


1678 ɾͲ
̤磬Ѿ¹ȥ
˻δ뿪ûγɵľ޴δʶ硣
ѳΪһ̰õһԴﵽ״̬𵤡ͨԽ󲿷Ҫ࣬𵤡ҪԪſԴﵽ۷߶ȡ
纺һֱڱĿ֮С
ҶȻֿ˫֣ڣҲû˿ɵϢȫӦϢھͿԴ
ץʱ䣬ΪҶ٣һˣȻܵ磬µѹȣû֮Σ⣬ҶȺ޷֮
Դɾ󣬲ſ硣
߶ƿز𵤣ľƽ𵤿ʼΪѭУؾʼУϵתҶȴ߶𣬿ʼȼؾؾ֮УȼճʣΪҽ
ʣµϢ
ΪԪȻҲ磬඼ΪԪȻΪԪγɴԴ
ȼգڷ𣬱ܵѹȣͷţպϽ𵤣ʡ
ʱ䲻ʧڵϢԽԽӴѾֻʣһâƵľ
âڲϾ𽥵ģҶǿ֮ͨ£âʧһʵˮһϢƯ룬ֻһߴѡ
ԣҶմȻԪ

ԪˣԴᡭ
£ҶȾԪΪģ߶ͨԪΪһУƽ𵤰״̬תţҶ޼ɵʼȻ
ȻܵشҶ˵Ѿûκвֱӽ𵤣Ԫգ𽥵ģһԲΣԪʼ׳ֱԣγһ״̬ȥһƬǳ
ﵽ״̬˵ԴɹԶڽڲ
ҲҶӵ
͡
ͻȻԴҶȷ֣Դ֮У͸һ޷ѹƵֱ⣬ȻϢں֮һҶ
䣡
ҶȸոձһɺݾҧأڲͿʼըΪԴ編򣬷־һˣӵԴǿҪҶ̤񣬽Ϊ
һؼҶǿ󣬻δﵽ߶ȣֻ˸߶ȵĻôͻȫ飬編£޷ֻźС
Ҷ뵽һ㣬̤磬ȻҪӵ߶ȡ
ʼԴ編ը֮󣬿ƳΪһѪģˣҶȼϸԼѪȻԶͷһʢʮҶǿʼ
Ҷȫ־߶ʼڶ˵ʹ࣬סɹͳΪ
ֱӴ٣̤󣬿ڣʷһˡ

γɵ棬ҶȱըγɵѪƬϣϵȼһըˣֻܼ
ңķҲʼҶȵ߶ȣȷǴﵽ߶ȣûмѹҶȣʹҶٶȣʼӿ졣
̣˼¡
ֱѪ飬Ż棬ҶڣȻһԪս䣬Ҷȫ֮ʣҶȫ˶Ŀâ
â־ʼΪҶϴ񣬲ԪԼȵȷ档
ҶظоѪԶؿʼɱ䣬յâһȻԣɵϢâ
ಣ
â߿գӰ
Ҷȴʱ¶ϲЦݣѾȻһ£ԼԶسΪһ֮
ʱ˿̣ҶѾˣһ̤
Ӧ׷׷޴ת䣬üĴŶȻԿƣգȻӦӦΧǧ׷ΧڵһУʵʵ
ҲӦĩ磬ԶΧһƬţƺϣûκϢһƬ棬޴֮УһĽء
Ǻǣ̫ˣоڷ磬ոӵʱһɽ磬˲ϢͿԸӦʱա²񣬽ڳɹһԴ٣̤һλ²񣬽С󡭡
·޾ͷ֪£ܴ²񣬴ﵽߵĴڡ
Ԫ̫ˣֻһɴС߶ȣҪͨһλ²ʮԪܹﵽڣҲԿκһλ²񡭡磬²ʲô
մմϲЦݣԴɹΪҶҪģǷԪﵽһλо
Ȼ̫޼˻ס׿ɽѾ޷ʹãҪҪһЩߣ֮ǿԼȥռֹ֮
ߡֻߡߡߡͨ߶Ҫúþһ飬ˡ컯ȭӦд߶ʱ̤ʽֻ˰ɣ
룬Ҫʱ䣬ڻǴԪΪҪĿ꣬ûдͨá
ͨķ
Ϊ˼ӿٶȣҶȴ߶ͨߣһģһҶȣͬʱ߶¯Ԫ
磬ڵԣȻȣ֮УӵԣֻǳΪһ
簲͸ð취ѴǧͼΪѾǰֻҪľܽӵһռΪ磬ʱвҲ޷κң
뵽ҶȵһҪĴ£Ѱ࣬оǰѴǧͼƳΪһҶ磬ȫ޷ʹãֻ¼꣬磬޷߶ġ
ֻҪΪҶȻкܶҪѯҪ뾫ǧͼΪȻþ˫Ĳϡ
Щ£õ֮أܿʼȥ׼
ϴҵԪòˣһЩߵĴͨٺ٣ҵʵſһλԿλ²ﵽӦλ²񶼲⣡
֮УƼشһЦ⡣
ԶͨٶȿزöãҲܴﵽһλʵﵽΣҪ֣֪ĵز²ʲô˵в񣬾²߽λǿߣҶǶ֣ܴ⣡Ҷضһ
ٺ٣նɱһЩͽ²˸ãϴ󣬷ĩûôɲܷŹ
ˡǲҲܷŹһߣʱпܣͷҧһڣ磬һ֪缸Ԫ֮ǰ뿪磬纸ӲϤ磬ʱֻĩ
һ󡭡ħĨĨ죬
磡
ҶȻ̧ͷ޾ͷ񷣬ˣɽȫһ￪ʼҶȣڿһﵽľͷ
̾̾ҶƳһޡ
޽磬Ȼ˽Ȼͬܵϴ񣬶ڵؾٶȿҶȡ
ҶȾѣޣ磬ٻЩӰ죬ʲôҲûУɼ治һޡ
ϧֻԺǿˣҶȲ֪޵


1679 
âҶȡħ纺Χͷţγֲͬ⡣
ΨҶȼͷȻźࡣ
ȥ
ӳڽΪ󣬳ɾ²Ϣ̬ȻΪһӡ
Ȼֹ˾ۼһȻɳ湵֡
ৣ
ڿշУֻٶ̫ͬԱܣɽ磬һһƬʱա
СӾȻûܣΪԲܳסɽ編ѹȣ
˷Ӷ뷨ĩٿȻתڷĩӣʮֵɫ֪Ҷ˲䣬ָ⣬Ҷȣɽ绯ΪӵмԦľֶΣֵõ˵ĴУ϶̶ʱ䣬ӷ˴ﵽɽ۷壬ɾ̫˼飬ϸϸ
ʱ˿̣ĩʼϸϸζǰУֻϵҶȡ
˼֮󣬷ĩӣɫܿ챻޴ľϲȡҶȼ£лЦɽһţĪȻȴ츳ͨҶȣϱȻоʩչͨƾһ㣬¾ĸ߲ʥעϣȻо׵Ķڣǻ̫ʼӵֻ֮һܵõǲٿصֶͨΣûӶ
СһǱЦԼûз֣Ϊ̤磬ҵ취նɱ
ĩָ̻ʵʵģΪҶơ纺պ¡
Ҷͷ˾ۼһ𣬿ĩ˳̤Դɾһλ²񣬷ĩ˵˵ɣ
ʮ罨ͨɽ֮һ֪Ϊ£˾޴ķ棬ȫûϸԪҴʱݽס񸮣ԼһСϴܣʹ͸ݽģȻΪܵڿ˷ӰӣƬ֮⣬ӦŲݺύӡ֧ˣҲþţһ޴Ϊʮ
ڼǿڴ£ĩư֪ģȫʮ˼ɽһɽ磬ͬǣɽӾ޴֮Уֲ֮ڲ֮ͬУʮɲġʮɣһ𣬸޵еڴ˵еĴڣʮ֮Уĵ۹ɣʮ˵ǽǵΪҪɲٵӡ֧ҲҪ깦򡣡
󣬿Ҷȵˣʮȵ㣡
Ƶͷ޳ɣ纺ǳĬ
ҶĿһʵʮɷҵټֻǣൽ磬зܣȥʮ
޷ش𣬵ҿԸ㣬ݽڴ֮ʣʮڲǿߣйʣȻԪʼϾֻ񣬶ʮ֮Уʥв٣ʵԽҪ֪ΪƿߣԴ̵ٺôĩܿ˻شֻⷬش𣬶Ҷ˵ûжջ
ϴΣǵȥʮҸ֮ǿ֮󣬲ߣħҶȿȥ
Ҷ׿ˣ
ĩƲЦЦǰȻ߶âգƬ̣Ҷȡ֮żӿٶȣͷȥ
շУɶߣܷɶߣҶȵʵãֻܴﵽҸ߶ȣĩ磬ԴﵽʮɣҶ޷ƿطĩ߿һܰҶȵ˦
ҵٶȣҲ첻ȥڻ֪²жֲŴиգ
֮Ҷȵ˶оЩƣڷϡھͷɫıԵ
ңգһЩ޴ޣհ裬еĸȥɫԵ·ڲʳ
һУͷǰɫĺ̺γ໥һ״ˮҫ£â
뺣涼һϸ֧໥ų⣬γɲ׳澰էȻȥֱʥء
ϸϸȥ뺣ڴһԨˮĺˮϸߣ뺣롣
ӣʱʱһˣԶζΣա
һЩӡ֧Уʱʱ¶һǣķ棬ƺͬط
֧кʿԼһ㶼Ǳĺ֮У
ĩŽһҶơ纺Ȼھ֮Уû뵽ָе޺档
ٴγտʼӼɸ߿շţֶɹһЩ֧˸оκΣա
ĩһֱǰʮ־ҶȰţ𽥵ģʵˮ磬Ȼӡ֧ɵˮ硣
طҿɼǵãϸԪһ㡯ǰƬϴ֧֮У
ĩĿضǰһƬϴˮ̵֮УǿƻˣȺͷۣǵͼԸ⼸Ǵ´ֻ࣬ҪҶһֻǸΪСҶ֣ϧһҲϾ˼ңǸ֪ģ
漴΢΢ǿʢ˷֧֮У͵͵һξѪ˲֮У¼ǰ

˾Ҫɶϴ֧ʱȻ䣬һЩ
ͨ
ٶȸո˻ѰԴͻأ䣬һ˾޴ơĴ㣬ٶȼ죬ſ죬ħ·ҧ
һӦСģ

ƵһԵЩǱ㿪ָ֮ſԸ֮ƣžһָץڴ㱳֮ϡ
ͣ
ָץһѪʹĺֱУҲҡβͣھ֮Уʹޱȡ
ƲŹκεˣһ㣡
ԣһȥͷը

ƴ㲢ǣĺʼ
ʱɫ
ˣ
գۣʮ㣬ſ죬¶һ߳ݣâκҪ̣Ⱥعˡ
Ȼ·֮УһУʮ㣬˼£ˮ档
Сģǽ㣬Ժͨ࣬ǹܾˣĩ㣬Ȼģżɵɫ˶
Ϳʼ̣ΪһлᰴԤϵһĻʼݣҶȡơ纺ᱻΧ
Ԫ֮ǹ
ҶȻһץԪĻƽǹУ̣ݼ£ϴһǹɱһ㣬һλСΪȻȫѹ׺㡣
ħ
Աһħ˫ֳֳħԵâ񽣳֣жնϣӶ˫㣬һݵģ򽣻ɱȥ
һ纺׾ͷżĻһͰһ㣬ñը
磡
Ƿһ;һƬ㣬ϲ˵һ㣬һ㣬ʲô
Щˡô磬ʵҪ֪Щ㣬һһλλλ²Ǽˣ²һλ
ϿһĻ÷ĩ޷£°͡


1680 
̤ˣΪӦ˵ޱȣ磬ͽ֣Ҷչֵʵ޷͡
ͣ
㲻ӣ¶ݣѼʢͣȴɫʥǹһħһһ
ӱѾѪȾ죬γɳƬѪˮ·֮Уལƺ档
̫࣬ȺӣԴԴϣ뿪˵أ
ɱ˽ʱҶ˵δжƣУɱٶལ㲻⣬ɱȥȫûбҪ뼸˻㼯һ
ĩָҷһ溣֧ңԶǰƺһƬƺǱʮγ󷨣ӽȺУɱһѪ·ֱ֧
ﺣ֧ӵĽ㣬޷ս
ɱʹȥ
Ҫɱ֮ʣͻȻһ·ѪɫжȻһ漴

һˣֳͷâ޴ҹ棬ˮˣסǰ
˸࣬һƤۣӱüģȻͷӺ󱳣һŷ̵İ״̣оƹһͷŵâһɫ͸Ź
ǰǰһɨӵ󣺡в񣬴Сģ
ϲ񡭡ӾһƳ磬üͷϲΣӣҽ£
ĩҶȵȥ⣬ΪΣв񼶱Ľ㣬޳Σ޷͸ĽмԴϲʵǳֲ鷳ˣ
ͻȻףҶȣǼ˸ǽĶ֣ڵģ֮£һĽǲĴ鷳뿪һȥʮǣ
ã
ҶȹӦ
ƶȫֻǿ磬ԸȻ뿪Ҷȸ֪Ǿĵӵߣʵǿɣȫõġ
ʧǰĽ΢΢Ŀ⣬н㣬ɴΧﵽͷ֮ࡣ
Ӷҹ棬ɨ˼磺ϲ࣬ǺܴϵһУᷢƬӣ뼸λֵƿأǵĵֵ̣ǣɣ
ߣֻ·һ
ۣ
Ѫɫˮγһ޴УɲǼ䣬뽣һģһӾˣ֮Уڿնֳҹ棬·ĺ
ಣ
Ĵ󽣻ֱķһȺ㣬γɰΧȦʵʵ
в񽣻ɱһһʮϣвҶ֪һơ
ûл·ɱ
𽣻ɲǱܣµľ磬ųȺ㣬Ʋɵɱˡ
вϲǰݵ÷
Ưﶯ˫ۣһâΪǧϲĿֲͨ
ݣ
âһ㣬ҲĴ󽣻òرܷâץסᣬҶơ纺ĩг
һ𽣻Ȼü뿪Ӷҹ棬ΪâͷųһɹҺԪ·ӣͻȻʼγ磬·Ѹ͹ˣˮ򣡡
䣡
ˮ̫죬ǿҶ纺˻أ뷨ĩһ˳ȥǷĩٶȿĲһǰ㣬Խ죬Խ㹥
£Ҷǣ纺ֱ֮УڱԵûȥ˼ƺҪˡ

߿գ𽣻һǰһ󣬶סȥ·̳ҹ棬ץԪ񽣣ɱ
Ҷ纺ֱƻв񡭡һλвڵʵδָĽλϲ۷壬ԿЩѶȣ⣬Ҫʱʱ̿עΧ
ҶȻס纺Ȼ纺ʵȥЦõǣסһ𽣻⣬ǷĩѾӵĲӰӣҲֶΣȻҪ춼óΪҵ֣
ϴ𽣻ˣ
ˮΧҲһȺΧҿʼΧĴ󽣻֮еһѾȥ·
֧ա
ĩת󷽱ˮѼҶȵӣϽڨڨЦݣҲ𽣻ﵽвƺĽλʵӵƣȫס磬ҶȵˣΪʳϧ޷õҶȵʬ壬ҲǵĶ֣
̿ʮڵңԶգιӶƻܣҲûȥشΪ䣬ʮҸ֮أλвΪԼɣԳΪ֮ͣȥﶼ㣡
Ȼ󣬿ٵطա
ڣ
ССĽ㣬ʲôǵҲڣ
ħѵõҶ⣬֪ĩ뿪ͨǺ
ˡ
һ񽣣С
ͽʲôһ𽣻סȥ·Ӷҹ棬㣬ħ
ٺ٣ʵֻһ۷Ŀ
ħὣ֮ͻȻЦʱſ죬ͷһΪһɿµռ䣬Ľ㣬Ӵռ䣬Ȼһظһһȫ޷ֵ
ÿ
˲Ϣɫֳҹ棬һ壬ƴ̳â޵еҹ档

ﶯ񽣣ȫܣֳ񽣣һպҹ룬ײ
䡭
ײֻǿʼֻһλ²ĳħôĽλвĶ֣Խðѳɡ
纣㲻ö֣ҪЩ㣬֣ڣԪܿ飬Ҳǿ󣡡
ˮڲǧ㣬һ𽣻˷Ҷȡ
ҶȻס纺һȻ߶񷷨Ҫ翪ʼУɽ㿪ʼ

һɹɻɫԣʱҶǿԪ֮⣬̰Χʮ㣬߶ͨһ޽ͻȻ̴㣬ʼ
ޣལΧҶ֪ʵ޷ȫס㡣
أ
̫ˣӳ˯ѹȻҶ˼һ£ʧٴγ֣ڽӪУſС죬ֱһ磬һɿµĺڶһٶ㣬һ¡
ȫ档
һУƬ֮䣬Ȼһٶ㣬Ƕôµʵ˶١

Ȼ󣬱ҶƿصĽ㣬ͳͳΪɣҶȴδо磬дʱۺ֮С
Ĺ
󷽣˿£üͷһ壬ɱ󿪣ޣ̳޼᲻ݵҹ档
Ķң
գۣҶȲ֪ʲôٶȣ֮ٶȫһλ²ܷģΪٶȣȻӽȻʱٶȣȫ٣ȴҲʮ־ˡ
ССһһλ²
ҹֱҶȡ
һλ²񣬾ĽλвжĲࣿ
ҶվΪľ뿴ʵﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
ԣҹɲǣ΢΢һֱҹâײһ
䡭
ֻҹâҶֱۣ𿪣Ҷȶʱоұۣȫû˸оײһ棬ȻѪģֱˣһľо
һλ²ȴв˼ٶȣٶȣ㻹ҽа壿֪в˰ɣԣĽλв񣬸һλǾһʮ࣡м䳰


1681 
ȷʮ
ֱ˿ڻϣ˲Ϣڴ߶̫һ֮£˸о
²в࣬ҶȫоˣֻǽƣͰֱѪģȫҶֱ۱ûˣҲû
в󣬵²Ӧòûôֲ
̫һϯ֣Ӧ֧ΧûκһƳû뵽̤磬˿¶֡
²Ϊһͼһλȫûпܣǽ֣ôͨԷ
룬̴߶ֻ
ûϴôá

˵ʱʱ죬һӣſƣ̳ҹ棬оռ䶼ҪŤ֡
ߡ
ʿʼ߶ٶȣʮܡ
ٶȻǱȽһЩǿƣҶȡ
ֻ֮
ƲֻܱܿܶԿһҶȿɲֱȥӲӲǵ߶ֻһɻɫ⣬ӭܵײ
вƣĨɱκ²񣬶ҽĽλвλ
˲࣬ƵоҶˣȴ֣ƣҶȲ֪ͨʲôͨȻһ࣬ҶҲûˮ
û뵽һλ²񣬾ͨȵȣ
ת׷ҶȣһˮȻüͷ֮Уһɻ󣺡ڵˮ򣬳ʮ֮⣬Χûκε½ֻżȺˣǴżĪ⼸ˣ棬õʲô֮У˾綼Сһλ²ͨ񼶣ɵѵǴɽˣһλ²ͨˮΣ磡

˼˲䣬һҹҹӰΪ֮ͨ⣬ҶβӰɱȥ
ҶʩչֶΣ֮ͨƹһˮԴγ赲ٶȣֻ֮һвһʱ֮䣬޷ѹҶһСС²

һδ׷ýͻȻͣ˫ȥʱһƬˮȦһ޴Ҷڿռ䣬ͻȻ
̴̳âɵҹ档
ССв񣡣
ڴ˿̣ͻȻں󷽣һץ򽣻ԡ

䣡
ʶ٣ϲٶȣԿԿģոպһ֣ԴͱĵϡãȻֱգɱˮΧƺҪƽΧ
ˮαʧҶȴ߳亹ղ龪һˮڼӲޱȣУŬ޷ƣڽʱʩչˮԷ䲻նɱ֮ʡ
缰ʱնɱ׾ƱжԷң߽ʬ壬ҲŰգҶȡ
ϸոʧȥԴĽһʬ壬֪ҶƣҪ׳
ˮʧʧȥ죬׷֮ڣƴһԷɳһ˺ۣŭҪ׷ɱڣͻȻסǧҪȥЩ뿪ӣٴ룬һǽӣҪ֮ܵˮѹƣҪǿʮϵĽ㹥
ջ񲻴ľĽλвʬ壬㹻ﵽһλ״̬ԺӦ÷ͬѰ࣡Ҷƣһʬ壬ڡ
纺˻ϣħΧȥʮ
ҶȿˣȻһĨЦʮȻҪȥǰ׷ѰĩϢȥҾνϮӦµ壬أſԻָɣΪǼˣȻһ˱Ȼȥʮܺãڣ·˵Σմ׷Ϣ˵һ·ȫУĩǴ벻ҿ׷Ϣ
ƶͷͬ⣬纺ûҶȴ߶龻֣һͬǰ֧
ţƷ߷߲ƽغߵȵʮٺúõպȡ̤λλһλʵң
ٶ߶£ƽأĳƼ򣺡磬²ȷвӣҲһݣȥŻܵϿɣõģεأǶɢâ
磬ɺǰݺȷ£
뿪ֻ֧ǰӣͻȻ䣬֮ǰɱˣڶʮڴ֮УҶͻȻͣסˣؿ硣
Ѿˣˣ
缴ͷϲӦϧոͷţ˫üһᣬǰˮϿգʮӰٵطڸ߿֮С
˶ʱԣҶ־һƺֳϢ
ݡ
䣬ͻȻʮ󷽣ɳһƬ޴âϿվһˣֳһޣһ˦
͡
ʶһ㣬ݺ߿գȻһɨžһ󣬵Ͱһը
ֶʵϲ񣡣һжѣնɱʮв˵ʵԽңѰǿߣ
缴ʩչһ⣬סҶˣҷˮȥ
ܣˮһλŮ󣬲֪ʲôʱҶȡơ纺ʱݺ߿նһ£ޱȡ
ˮ
һ̧ͷͼŮ󣬾Ȼʼ߶âҪ˽նɱϽ͵ǲˮܴɱ޹
Ŷ
Ů΢΢һâ˸ǰҲֳֻһʮ꣬ò绨Ů
ŮĿ⣬㹻ϵϸϸŻĿ⣬ɨˣȱ纺һĽλϲ񣬿ȻˮһλԺŮʿˮģٲȻҲǵ
˻һɫ

һλӣֳޣֻֻһɶ೤˲ϢŮߣĿŵᣬңԶˮһ㶼ǿйϵģǴʥأɨƬˮĨɱǵֱó֤ݵƷǿԱ뿪ˮǲ֤ݣҲ赣ģֻǻȥһûˣ
Ůӭϵʦ˼ʥ´ķּˮǾϮʮԵؽ磡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷӣһ⣺֤
ѵûУƾͲһˡ
Ůϻ۵Ŀ⣬һֱϣͻȻĿ⣺ʦ֣㷢ûУ֮ǰϢһЩʣ㿴ǼԦƵ·ߣ̫ͼȫûдﵽˮ׼Ϣƺɽģ
ɽϢ
ӼۣҲ¶˼ı飺ȻȻûע⵽ǡѵɽ磿
ҶȻδʶǼˣɽ磬е塣
ȭɽ磬ոմӷż֮Уһ·̤磬ѵʲôף
ǲף̫ˣ
һÿҪŤΣҶˣһͷˮ
Ů͵ϸԪ飬ˣԪûɽ̤磬ûйˣȻԴɽ磬ȻӵǿˣŻţ
ֽкãλˣȥʮǳ磬˺ˣǵĴûˣ


1682 Ĵʥ
û磡
̶һ仰ͬ׻Ҷȣ۲࣬ɽ磬֪ʲôֶΣ𣿿Ŷ磬δô֪࣬˵Ϊʲô۷磿Ԫû˵磬ҵȼ̤磬Ȼ˲¼桭
ಣ
һٷƿնȥʮ
Ҷȼ˾ֹҲΪԷǰɽϢ֪Ӵ
λܰɣ
˿̬֮ǰˣʮڲΪ̫ʥءɣ
̲ԡʥءԱŮҲҽܡ
Ҷȣ
ƣ
磡
纺
ҲԵ
ʵ˵ҶʮǺ˽ɣΪܣʮɲɣڲʥأԼһЩСĵ۹ţ̫ʥʥأʮڣʥ֮һǿʥ֮Ҳ֮£ߴڣͨͨ죬ʮкĽ飬ʥأʥضʮϵĵӣ̲ǸʥؾӢӣλܽʥأȻǰ;Զ󣡡
Ҷȵһ֪ɻģɽ֮ʱֻ֪ƿߣ칬칬ףݽ
̲ǶϾˣϸԪĴڣȻɹԪ䣬ףÿԪʧһ棡
ɵΪƿߣȻ˵ģҲϣϸԪݽͷʮܣһϵݣ棬һжΪ£ݽҲֻʥأ߲ӶУݽһ£
ɣ̲Ȼ͵͵أţ˽Ҫʥأ
Ի֮ʣʮͻȻһƬ˵â
â֮УȻʮ
ǰɽ磬ڴ˵ĩǡ̳֣˼Ϊεȴڡ
磬ȴǣʵЩէȻ
ôǡʥءʥءĳϣ
̲Ů͵һʶתҶ˻ס󣬼â֮ʮԵƵ

âͻأˮϷߣֱʮ߳âƾˣȫԽ硢ɡ̲ϲΪ
ҶĿһ׷ߣ΢΢ЩеϢ˱Ҷʣʥأɽʥɽѵʲô
Ȼɽ磡
׷˫ͫһƲâȻĿҶϣɷʽ磬Ŵɽû뵽ӡԪ֮ã½ˣ磡
Ȼţ̫ʥʥأĴţһߣѮ£ŲԷһīۣȻɡ̲һʢŭ
̲͵ФǰطǰʵǴᣬˣֻǻɽ磬޷ȷϵʥأǰȷǰͨ޵Уȷ󣡡
ʥصФ΢΢֣̲㹪𣺡ɣСҲһţҿأҲģƤӣ
ʥأҲˣʥصĲطߣȻ󷽣ʮֻ˲Ϣһâӿ
߷ΪӪҲߴ졣
ڶһǿʥأҶȡơ纺磬Ե̫Сƴϴ󣬿ӪˣҪĴʥعϷ֣
ã
Ҷü֮䣬һЦݣ纺ƣǳ磬û뵽ݣ̤磬˲ɹЧӦǱȻΪҫ۵ĴʥأǱòΪӪȻĴʥںǣĴʥؼʱҪֳԽ˵ĴڣĴʥأǾ֮ӣ˳Уһ㣡
ħ޳ɣϴ˼Ҷˣ̣ͷͨʥ֮УΪˣŷϰ˼ϴ̫Ӣ䣬ٺ٣Ҫţƺ̤ʥأذ
Ҳã磬壬֪纣ȻǺ壬ҲԽܣʱͲҪŻع麣壬ǿˣ뺣壬ѰݣҶֿ纺
嵱Ϊ壬ű壬ҵĸĸҵĳҵֵܽǣɥСǿ֮ʱͷ壬𶯣׳磡纬ġ
纺ûκףڵʵص壬ʲôã
Ф֡ط֣λŲ簡
âٶӵɡ̲ͬϢߣФطֱȭ
ֿ̫Ԫ֣ФطҲʩ
̫Ԫ֣һ۾ɨҶˣÿˣƺ޷ӹǿĿɨӡ
̫֮ʥص̫ף׵ȷɽ磬û뵽Ҵ֮󣬻ܼɽĺʵλҲɽ磬ֻϸԪڣ̤֮У̫ʥأ
˻һ֪
Ҷˣʩ񣺡ǰ
ʥصФЩ죬߳һ̫סһȺԵ֣Фڵʥأɽ磬һ֧Ϊʥɽʥ֮λȻɣ
λӦðˣʮĴʥٿ棬Сʱʥ֪
ԺʥصԪãˡ
Ĵʥ˵ͷȴ£ȡɽţĴʥأһ׳ᣡʥصĲطز¶˵
˵ȻʮȻ;Уپȥһʥᣡ
ʱ˿̣Ĵ֣ȫûй˼Ҷ˸ܣǿеֶΣշɶˮ
Ĵͷٶȣ˾棬ﵽҶ˵ǧ
ʱ֮һΰĴ½ˮжϣ赲ʾͷ߲âգư½Ϣʢ棡
ʮ
ˮֱ硣
һƬâסʮϷΧ޼ʣľͷ
ɲǼ䣬ķҷϯˡ
δκνơ
뿪ˮ߿գɲǣԪţֱʥأԵԵЩûסϢޣȴĿʱʱҲһ󣬷ɹãء
һУ𽥵أǰһޱߵĽ硣
ͷâ̲
ףâ磬ʮģΧֻǸذˡ
ಣ
Ĵ֣óһƣʮǰ߶ƣ˱׽֮С
Ҷȷûо޴Ľƣֻһֶķӡδʮ󣬽֮󣬿̻ᱻĴʥظ֣ӵʮȻ롣
ǰһ硣
ʲôȻǵشﲩﾺޣ
ʱչ¶ǰ磬â磬һ޴ɽɽɭ֡ڴ֮УڴУԶһڲӦʮһռ֮ء


1683 âҫ
𽥵ģ
շУͷâһĽ
ҲӶǺͨޣ඼²
ĴִҶˣɹһ޴ǰֳһԽһ屶޴
λʥأнȥϢ
طΪҶ˿Ľһ
һ֮ʣʮ󣬽ʥ֮С
ʥص󷨣ǽΪ֮У磬Ҷȡơ纺ЩԿ
ʥ֮УȺɽҲһЩСͳУ඼ǸյģʥصӣǱ֮УĴʥظֳڸ߿գδ궯Ĵʥأʱ໥߶ϵ
һЩҲ⣬Ĵ֣ΪںС
̣һϵļ̨ǰһâڵĹΧʮʥصĵӣѲߡ
طΪˣǰŽݣǰ֪жߣ֮ߣ
ôʥسϣżͨʥׯϵĵط
һЩӣ׷פ㣬ֲ¼ɡ
вطû˸ɡ̲󣬶ڹ֮⣬ĴϣҶ˽ʥĹ֮С
ɲǼ䣬һʥ֮С
Ĵϣֱִ࣬ӵ⣬ʥصĳϣƣȻǴ¼
ȷɽ󡭡
ʥسϣһʱ䣬ҶˣȻһ˵ֻ֮У˸ոմɱΪλ¾Ĵʥ֪Ϣ²վͻᴫǾҪ֮Уη䣡
ʥصФҾˣĴʥأʣȻչԼͨʱپҲɣ
Ф鲻̫ʥص̫ףͬ
ҲûȻҲҶˣФԪá̫סطĴϣԴһâˡ
Ҷ˹𾪣ȴѹͨãһַӡ⿪ͷųڲͬ壬һЩϢ
Ȼ
Ĵϣ֮һ¶𺳵Цݣ̾ˣһӵв˼壬׳ޱȣԽͬΪ֮࣬ǵʵͬΪУǿ޵еģ
ɽ磬ܴУӱ棬֮ӣʥأһϣеϲ
һǿߣһ񵽱ջЦݣΡ
̫״һʵãˣѾȷĴʥصӣҲʲôӣǱõӣʽӣڣʲôͨչֳ𣿡
ҿԴ֮Уͬħһվ򾲿Ĵϡ
𣿡
ԺʥصԪãЩţʾ̴֮һͼһ⣬ӡķʽʽȫ
ϸϸɨ̱ۣۣ֮֮˫ֿʼӡʮӡȻԪôͬ⡣
Ȼ
Ĵϣզòţʲôͨ˵ãȻԿӶԷǿУѧԷԷնɱ
һ룬ëȻ
̫ͻȻϣʥصһ֣ʲôͨҲһ츳ͨ
ͨ컯ȷܣԪʼ񡢻񼶱طӦ
ҾáпʣҲǻ壡Ԫ˫Ŀһ
ʣФȻˡ
ֵ̫Ҷ뵽һȥˣȷʣһŸոϽˣôģԦ񼶷ӡȻ츳ͨˣһħϢǸʣ
ǲˡʣʮ֮УʼֱǷëǣ֮٣ЩʥأȻûһʣ֮УȻһʣ˼鰡Ԫ̾ϢֿҶˣ޷ѹƵļ
ȱ𼱣ˣܴ棬Ψһˣ̫ҾͲţһˣԽ磬ٿȥط侲һɨϡ
Ĵǿߣʼ¶Ŀ⡣
Ҷȴʱ߳Ĵϣղóƣʩչ˴纺ӵʩչǿչʾҵĳɣȻһֻϢʥأĴʥ֮У
룬ҶȾͿʼ߶ԪȻȻΪ𣬿ʼȼգһʢչΪһѭ״̬
þ˵壬һλ²񣬿в񰡣һ磡Ĵϣٴ𾪡
ңʥصФվЩشҶѭôһ֣ʥɽݵϢصֻϢ
ǰʵɽʱʥɽһʣѧЩʥص
ҶǹΪΪľФĿ⣬ӶʥأȻ󲿷ֻ
ʵɽʱʩչͨ˽Ӵʱڤڤ֮УӶԷϢʥɽͨ
һֻߣФĿ⡣
Ȼɹˡ
λλʲô壬ҲȲԵ֣ҶȵˣʥԵҶ֤˰ɣɲҪ
£ФϣǿҶȵԸ
ããã
ϣһ޳ɣǻпܵõһ壬ȻҶȣиļֵ
ҶȻع飬纺߳Ĵϣ˵Ժ壬һֱ½ͨҲûʲôĵطֻǡҵԽˣ֮ǰλǰ壬˵ʮʷëǣ˵ʲô壡
⣡
ĴϣһǲԼͬȫվŴ죬°Ͷϲϡ
ֻͨ
ȻǣĴϵȻһ㣬ǲϴԺ纺ȴκβĴڡ
ֿ˰нԻ
㡢ѵҲʣĴٰ֣н纺ã統żˣ󷽷ʥص
纺׵ߣʵһ֣֪壬ʲôϵ
Ȼ˵ѣʵ֣ɽȻ֪
Ԫ÷һʣ
һλ£̫ǿаϣٴ¡
ȻĴϣͻȻһӡϲ壬ʵͬ졣
֨֨
ӡ֮壬ӿһϢȻĴϣĴȻֵֻǣϢһֻǻĴϣĲ𶯣һͬڣ֨֨
ţ˵ͷһɺĵϢ
ͨͨ㾹ȻǴͨӵߣ֮ͨУںϡǵϢĴϣһվ
ͨȻԪʼ񼶱ͨǴͨ
µ󣬶ڴͨ
һӵͨȻڴͨӵߡ
¶Цݣͷ壬ѾĴ֣ǰע
ҶǹʥأФ߳ת֡
طʣһͨӵߣʥأӵطŮӣʥأ
Ҳ⣬ֻ̫֣ܵõһͨߣһʣԪ̫֣ʱĿ֮Уγһָӵ⡣


1684 ʥ
ʣһͨӵߣһ峬š
ҶȱʥѡС
纺Ϊʥصĵӡ
ʣƣȻΪ̫ʥءʥĶ󣬿֮УƣǸӷâŽӡ
Ȼ̫ԪϣԪͨĹ
û˽½ǵ纺
ϴ۽ķʥأǶʮ֮У޴ǽȴܷ㣡
ȴ֮УҶȣ˽½
硢纺ûм˸У˵ĺܶԣʮޱ޼ʣͬһ֮С
ԼĪʱ֮
̫Ԫã˽ФطФ֣֡˾λгƵˣ̫ʥأʣµ磬Ԫ֣̤ʥأ
ãĴʥأһţҺúɣڽʥظֽУһۣ˭ܰ⼸ˣɸʥصδ֮ǣط֣ʥسϣ׷վˡ
طǰúƴ纺
Ҷȡơ缴ϿʥأΪ纺ҶȵҪԣȻԶ֮ʣطϹʩ
ԼСģǣ纺Ųطϣ߳ǰĹ㳡ĿҶȡơȥ
ӺϷɳʥء
ƯգΧǹԭʥصؽΧκεɼʮŶ޴Ӱ
λʹ˷ֱ𣡡
̫סФԪϣֱʥظ֣׷ʩҶȡ硢Ҳʥظ߿ոԷͬķ
֮У
ФʮʥٶȳԽҶٶϷɹƬҶȣƽ͵ʵɽʲô
ǰɽѾһĴĹѾɽˣУûûнİ취˾ûδûϣҶȿʼش
ФʼɽеʥɽҶҲᣬФУ֪ʥɽǼԪ֮Уһʥصĸ֣ɽ֮У󣬰һֻؾ飬кһ֣ɢɽ֮С
󼸸Ԫʥɽǿߣ̤磬ҲʥɽԪʼټʥɽӰӡ
Ҷְˣͨ棬ĴẒ́ФȻкܶؼǸصģûе
ˣʣӵвҲ޷̤硭ҶȣӴ˿ʼʥصӣļңУʵŸոտʼ޴ޱȣоԼС
죬Ȼδﵽʥأʮ̫޴ˡ
Фų֮ʼҶϸڣʥأԪ֮ǰõһŴӡֻ񼣡Уֻؾ飬ҲȱӦ֮еʥߣ¼Ĺ㲻ϴֻͨʥأϵҲУһ֪ȣ
ֻ񼣣Ҷɲһƺû뵽ֻȻҲӵһ񼣡
񼣵ᵽˡ
ΰޣһ񼣵ӵߣǿޱȣڰ
񼣣ɽȻ޷֪ģޱߵ磬֮ʣֻдĴڣʿ̤磬ϵģ͵һߣǵõصָһ񼣣һһ񼣣һ𻤷ػڴΧʥأܵõֻ񼣵Īˣô꣬ʥصϣܳһӣܴʥأʶֻ񼣣ǧҪҴ죬ΪֻߵĻ񣬲ſȥ죬Ԫʼ񣬶ûʸ񣡡
Ф޾⣬渵ΧҲϵֵһǾ˵˵ʮʮɣ֪ʲôûʮʱһƬӡ뵺γɵĻļ֮أʮﵽ񾳽γһѪʩչֻһʮ֮ͨ£ʮ
һССĵ죬Ȼܽ˾޴
˿̣ФĽͣΪҶȴ𺳣޷ݡ
ʮһ磬Ҳ羫ǴȻĹ񹤡
ôһ󣬵˵һ磿
εȴͨ˵һ磬ôһлˣԣһƬոµ
ܴʮ֮УһţλԽߣԽܴﵽԪʼ񣬾ܵһƬ򣬶Ԫʼ񣬴˵κյʱգԵһ񣬻Ҫܵ編Ӱ죬ֻ£ܵһΪ˵ʮҲһ֪Ҳδȥٵʶӹ磬ʮ֮⣬ĻļŴ½Σ֮أȻļ֮أҲеĵط
˵ФͻȻһֹЦݡ
ҶЦݿȥǰɽ֮һƬâ΢΢ͷ⣬·һʯ
Ȼ֮أʥأ
УŴﵽʥأһٶ֮£ǿҶһλ²ٶȣſԴﵽ
Ҳ˵ʱ䣬Ҷȿ޷纺ơ档
Ƕʱڣǵٶȣܴﵽвϲ
ܿ죬һ޴Ưڲã֮ϣ޴ޱȣʥһȣҪһЩΧûʥأѡһƫƧУһڡ

λӣһâ޴󣬷ֿһֳͨڲǿʢؾҶȽ֮󣬾ͷһն֮࣬һɽ״Ǹۡ״
ȻɽһЩ޴¥󣬴ɽ֮УɽϿգûУһЩӣɽ٣ƺɽ߿ղܷɶȡ
ϣ
Фһ֣ʮ뿪˴룬ɽ;һЩӣ׷׹Ф
ĴڣȻ߸ϣʥأͬ࣬һλȨء
ʥӴˣȷֳһѭ״ֻֻ̬񼣣Ȼһϵ֪̫ʼ̤磬᲻Ϊ˵õֻ񼣵ĴУ
һƻĵֵÿͷҶȵͷ
ʵ̫֣ʥصĵӣûһ²񣬺οһλ²
ÿӣ޷ӦΪӦĵЩӣӵзĩһϢΪв񣬲ʸ񣬳Ϊʥصĵӡ
ֳä磬ûʵȫ͸Ϊ̫СˣҺûиֻҪʱ䣬ӵ
ФĿ⣬Ҷȣʥأͨӣ޷ɽģҶȣ㾳̫ҾƸ񣬴ɶɽʥʥصӣʱΪΪѹ㣡
ϣʥأֻгϣһЩӣſԷɶʥأԱ߼λӣ׷׿ʼԡ
ҶȿóǷԣĽ
֮ɽϢ޷ǲ֮󣬿ʥأ֪һӣɽ硣
ʱФҶȲ֮ǰһϤУӶһл⣬硢ɽиκ˶ȫţթФ˼Ҷ˵ѵá
ϣ⣬Ӳǣ⼸ҶҲʾֻ֪ʵ֪ȻСҲһס


1685 ؾ
ФΪϣΪ֮ǰһȻóϵȨΪҶȱݻµʥУһƽ
һݴһֻʥأĵӣ֪Ҷɳϴ죬˳ϰĴ˶֪Ф֮䣬Ų򵥵Ĺϵ
ô˭ңҶΪУ
ҶФüţϺ⣬죬ΪӣһŵĵӣҪصĹأȻҶһĹأΪӣƸ񣿡
˻һոջФੲݵļӣһ޻˵ҶȴԾܾ
ڵȫһ½ӣʲô
ФһЦûж˵ʲôһӴҶȷɽɽԷʥɽ
ɽ֮УĹϽݣͨɽ֮ۡ
ҶӣʵǣԼĪʱɽۣ֮ǰһƬȺ룬һƣǿϢڲͷų
빬ȺĹȥ
;ӣ࿴ҶȣһŵĵӰˣֻǺֻۣܶһһλ²ôܽʥء
ʥǰФѾȺʱ߻мϡ
һϼҶɲǣ¶Ŀ⣬ȻһЦݣФһ֮Ҷ˽ʥ
ʱһǿҵֻϢʥڲݳ
ʮڲͬĵӣڴ֮й򣬶֮Уδж󷨿ռ䣬ɽ粻ͬ
ЩӴţԺ¡أһŻƴŽߵĵۣʮֿϵĵۣԶͬ
ܺãΪҶȵĵӣȻɽ磬ȻʲФϣΪϣϵΣΪʥأѰһţºν
һնżվӴ
ֵҶȣӴ˿ʼʥصӣ֮ãʥؿʼúŬĪ֮ⷬ·
Ȼʧȥ
һʥ۵ӣҶǰһУһӣȡһѴâļҶȣׯϵͷһУʥӴˣҶȾʥһӣʥط棬ϣÿӣһգʥأиӣҪ뿪ͨʥط棬뿪Щ֪ʥزǿѹǿÿӣ
ףҶûжٱ飬Щ⣬û뵽ʽЩ񷲽ĳʽ
ǡ
ֳĵӣ˳ƣҶȷβ˳һһư߳㷢̱ӡ֮С
Уһԡ
һϣƺλԽФԼĳϣҽܵϷʥصִϣˣ֤ʽҵңҶȣӴʥأһʽӣʥصķ棬֮࣬࣬˷Ÿ㣬ʥؾؾȣؾ½ӣ²Ϊӣ֮أȻݲҲҪؾһĥҲҪ㣬ںʥ֮Уһɼʥػȥߡе
Ҷ򛕷
ٲȻһõӸеĶ̬ȡ
ʥضкֱܴӳΪһµӣǧҪţһУɻؾȹʦܸ𣡡
˽Ŵɭɫ˵
ţӴһˡ
һͨһݵӣ˾ǼΪƽӹһɫ£Էâδͷš
ҶȽܵʦ񣡡
Ҷȵ񣺡Ҷȣʦ֣
ÿǻؾȵ£أʥڼ䣬һҸҲʦ𣬲ŵӣиߵΪʦ𣡡ؼΪƽû˿صͷ
أ翴ȥôͨ𣿡֪ΪΣҶȵһۼؾȹ;ô˲ô򵥡
ֵҶȣУʮּ࣬ÿ󣬶Ҫĥϣܼȥ˰Ż㴥ֿɼʥأܵκβĶԴعʥزίÿһӣ
һ׿ˡ
Ҷûжɫһйĵطܻкڰʥؿȥ盕˵ʥɾ˽£˭֪ʵ硣
ʦܸǣ
عҶڳʩȻһǰһ뿪˴
뿪֮
еĳϣФΧФʦܣĴŵӣҶȣȷǲһ壬˫ʣǴͨӵߣһ࣬ȡ֮еһԱ
ڳϣФ֮ʣ룬ͷһâ˰ʥء̫ʥءʥأʥؿʵ࣬ʥأһ񼣣ǣϹϵȷʥظӵɫţʵУ˭ʥսʽ΢һ˲һˣʥϴҲ˶飬δʲôйأֻοˣ
ʦ֡ڳ϶ƿˡ
ФʦܿƳ˴ʵȻҾʦܴ˾ٴ⣬Ĵţȴѡƽӹ֮ˣʵΪкͼʥ֮ĹϵʥصˣῴʦԶ⣿Ȼʥأ¸꣬ΪʥسԶչԵʲôĿ棬Ϥˣ޷һ档
ФȻ𾴣ʦ
˼ʦܡ೤Ϸ׷ǰʾǸ⡣
Ȼʦ˵Ҫһ棬ҶԣҶȵһ۳ǰҾ;ô˷ǳС㣬ܻ޳ɴФ򹬵ڣһֱڳ˼֮С
ԭФϣѡҽʥأԶ⣬ʮȥƽڲҲ
Ѿ뿪ʥһξ롣
Ҷȴ߶ߣһֱעʥڲг϶Իһ޷ӹߵ
ô
ǰعҶЩüʵ
ҶȵӸ磬ЩӦٶȷ棬ʦֹգҸ޷ﵽȸ߶ȣ
;кԶ·Ҫߣʵ˵ĺ֣ʵίһؾȣȴˣҲΪ㣡عһЦԳʦݣο䣬ֵʥأĸԪ֮ãʮһϧΪ֮һɱʥأǨ㣬ϸԪ֮ʮʮҲϸԪ֮ʮɣǸպǡʱ䣬ʥصʱʮֿǣ
֮Ҳ໥ɱ֮Ҷȵ壬ǶôǿǶô޴Ҳɱ
㵽һ磬޷ͨ飡
عͣȻָǰ㿴ǰƬɽΧɽȣǻؾȣʥأؾǵλεģֻǱһЩһЩ²֮󣬱ĵв̤ʥأֱӻһЩ߼
Ȼ²ŵģЩֵģʣģԺ־ﵽҪ󣬲ܳΪӣǴ󲿷ֻǼӣʽӣ˵㲻˵ģ㽫ûдɣʥأԿǣ
лʦֽ̻壬ʦգʦܶԣκοУʵ;ز٣Ҷȹ
ݾģܿɹǻ֪ݣ̺壬ȥӵкܸߵĵλ
ع㵽ֹͷһâҶƮɽȡ


1686 
ȵ֣һγɵĺ֡
Уһľ¥һߣߣɽһ澲羵ĴϷ޷Խ
ʦ֣λŵʦܣ
˸ոأУ߳ع
ҶȻ͸ΪǶ²ǿóġ
⼸˽֮ڣŵ߿֮ԴǸ߽λ²ٲȻҶһλ߳һǰ
ؾȣҵΪεġԳһҶ漴ʩ񣺡Ҷȣոţʦ֣Ӧ
Ҷʦܿ
˵ʥһʱû˼룬û뵽Σһһλ²Ҽ֮УδйһλĵӰɣ
һԵñ񣬵ϣ޷أǶҶȵĮ벻м
һλǸ²
磬ֱͨľ񶼲硣
Ӷףʥأ˼룬żδҲ̫˰ɣ˲һ֣Խݵĸо
ǼˣתңһؾȣֶһӣΪҶȣع͸̬żӶ
ǣ
ȥ
عִҶƹҲ࣬һƬУպһľ¥Ҷϸϸһľ¥˵ľ¥ľʣľɣҲ˵ûһʵ޷ľ¥
Ҷ޷ľ¥ӴںһЩ񼶷ӡҶڻδʼʽֻܾ򵥵ľ¥ҲһǿյĴ
ľ¥ɼڲĺۼһЩ豭ҰڷţƷʰ룬˾ɨľ¥ֻûע⵽ϸڵطˡ
عʾҶ£ľԱߣľ¥֮ܵǰĵӣһΪﵽλ²ţϧһ뿪ʥأ֪Ϊ£նɱʥΪ׷ȴһֱûջʮƽʵΣޱȣԺȥߣע⣬Ҫʥصӣ
ӽǣҶӦ
ؾȣΪﵽв뿪ڼ䣬󲿷ֶӡ󡢼ۻ壬֪峬ףܰѻãʥصĺģ
вܺøԶ磬֣Ȼɽ磬绽ɣ
˵عͣһᣬٵɽҲǺޱߣҲһЩ֣Ǵ󲿷֣һͼ磬ɽ磬Ϊͷ磬ôޱߣʮ󾳽磬һһѣ²ܳɾߣǼʥܴﵽһѹأﵽǲףʮףʮӵһƬȻҪ֪һ֮УܴﵽģûУУпܵһ񣬸ӱ˵ԪʼԪʼͷ¶βû˼Ȼǻ񣬴Ƕڴ죬Ȼǣ񣬶ûʸ
ɽȷѣɽϼѡգҶһֱˮĸо
ȻУй׼вףɴعеȫָо
ʥȱΪҲֻǵһʥ񣬻ǵͼʥܵһôʥأͿԶһʥأĵǺεȵǿ󳡾
ӡ
ع˵ЩЩҶȣò˵Ҳãֵ˵˵аɣɽ磬жǲģֻվڵ磬߼ʱգбһһӡӡԽ㽫ĳɾͣߣڵ壬ҪӼʼУı𵤡ԪȵȵӡǣɱΪĲһϣʵӦһλܴﵽλĸ߶ȣ̣Ҫʮ깦һҪ꣡
ʥصƣҪʱԱܶ鷳ȻǴ䣬ҰŵҪһУУм񵤣ʱʳκҪĵطȥɽȴѰұǣ
عվʾҶͣ뿪ľ¥
ҶſڣĿعԶȥȻٴһ¥¥Ǻľ̫ʺУȻһԴķӡ΢΢ںľ¥ڲˣһʱӦ
ߵ󲿷˿ԸӦ
һ󣬶ǰƷɽƷһһϣȻվڶ¥ؾȣһֱȥֱ֮ľϲ꣬׷ʧֹˮ
㿪ʼڶ¥෿Ĵ֮ϣ߶ʥصƣ֮ϣʱʥĸģһŤȻó䣬߶Ԫ
ʶ봢䣬̷ٱ鼮ƬƯڲ
ǿԪ񣬹ۿٱ鼮ֻ죬ҶȾͰ˴鼮ȫ꣬˾磬ɲڴﵽ֮󣬹ۿģκϰ
֮Ŷʮ˽⡣
ʮڣССʮʥأʥһҲš۹
ʥءʥ̫ʥء
ʥؾʥأŶֻһ·̣ٶȣֻвϲʵ׼²񣬿µ깦
Ҷ֪ʱ޷ȥʥأ纺ơ
ĩһӦòʮ̤Ϣ֮ƱػݾߣһʵȥѰҴˣҵ࣬Ӫȴʦ㣬ʱÿ
˷֮Ҷֻع鼮УҵʮͼʮȻܾ޴󣬾ϲҪɹʮûʮ꣬޷ģֻҪʱ䡣
ӵƣҵʥϸһС
ʥػδʮӣֻӣΪʱӡӡʽӡӢӡĵӡ̫ϵӡ
ʱţʥؾǱʣ¹۲켸죬ֵӣ󲿷ֶᱻ̭ǻؾȴ󲿷ֵӣͨŬﵽһ߶ȣܳΪʽӡ
ӢӡĵӣʥصҪ̫ϵӣ̫ˣ֮϶ûм¼
칦ҶȾͰʥش󲿷ֵòּǵʽУ
ʥʮؾֻһ֣ȻҪʽڵġصԼӢڵľӢĵڵĺĵԼ̫ϵڵ̫ϵ
ʥʵ̫࣬һʱᣬҲ޷ͷ
ſеϣǶҶ˵ĿǰҪġ
ʮ󾳽磬ŴλԭŴλžŹһ
ҶȴӾ翪ʼ˽⣬չüͷһԴſԴһţžŹһ棬ںϣз򣬴ľһֹһһ޼ﵽһںϣͻﵽʵ״̬
²ŴλھſԴ֮󣬽ӵоſԴȻ󵱾ſԴﵽͻںϣ٣ɽ֮²ſԴںΪһţΪвһλԴԴ˲ϵУѭںϣһδﵽžŹһ̤ϲ񣡣
û뵽зܸ̺˴ķ׷ľǾžŹһﵽศľ硣
˵ʮ󾳽磬ǽٸλѹأ籾Ǹ߼ʱգ֮ѣ޷Ҫ̤ƽôѹأ
ҶȾͲٿȥȷЩġ


1687 
һУôʵŻﵽ󡭡
ٷץһһ߶֮һ飬ӵʥԼ
ӻʼУڴ֮ϣ߶Ԫ̫һΪ̫޼˻׶δﵽ߶ȣ̫һҲɵ
ڵԴʼתҶȽӡľ¥ΧӿؾҶȲżڿǻϲ񽣻ʬ壬һգκ񵤡ﶼ޷ȡ
ؾֻ߶Ԫʼӿ衢Ѫ֮С
Ľ磬ӡȵȣҶȶʩչӡ滻һеɵӡȻھѪ֮УӡӡҶȴ߶ģӡγһӡ磬ͬ
Լ˰꣬ҶȲŰڵΪӡҪѵ𵤣ȫȡ
뵤ɵɣҶȴ߶ʥصļӡ𽥵ذѵ룬һȦȦɢﱾҶΣ֮øɵӡɵ硣
˶Ҷȳ֣죬ʥأ뷨ĩּ𣬸޷ʥء
Ȼ˿ԶԴʱҶȣ޴в
ԾظԼ
ɢȻҶȰһӡںӡӡǿУ紩ߣá
ϸȻΧһӡնںٴҶ˫һᣬӡһγһ̵
žǲ𵤣Ӧ˵ӡǽڲȻΪһأӡ뷨ںϣȻȻȡɵҶҪģֻӡںϲ֮С
Ȼڲ񷷨£ҶһδΣɵӡ֮࣬Ų񷷨ںϣγһ̵𽥸ڽ𵤣ȡκεɵ
ֱͷųâ
뵤ĸԴɹﵽ߶֮󣬽ҶȵУ͸ס
߶𵤣񷷨ʼУҶȿʼȻԪʼϯһӡٶȱ֮ǰӡԪӿڣں֮С
桢ڱڣȫӡγɵ״̬ϧԹѾҶ޶ôҶȿʼ߶׿ܵʼ
׿Ŀܣͼ쳣ڳΪҶȵķ;ϣɽ磬κ޷ᣬںϣУ޷Ԧԣ޷״̬
̤磬ΪҶȲ֪׿
ǰʮ󾳽磬Ӧġ
²²ҲڴͨڻǾǻ
̫޼˻ףȻǻڲ׿һ״ﵽ߶ȵʥأҶȻ֪ж٣֣ôʥأȻǲ֮أֻгϣʸС
ﵽ²ľ磬ϼѣҪﵽϲҲʩչ׿
һԿӡ⣬һ㣬ҶϣȻڳ˯֮У˿ûҶȵɱ䣬Ӱ쵽˯
Թɽֻɽ磬磬Ҷ¸ԹȻֻɽС
д޽塢ɹȵֻܷ
еģֻĴ̫ͨ޼˻ס׿Լ֮
ȻУ֮޵˵ĳռޣҶҪȥֻǲٰǰ֮ȥ֮ΪӸĿռͨ
ˡ
ӡγһףҶ֮УҶȴʱ˿̣˿뵤ﵽ߶ȣڵʵλλӦöҵĶ֣Ұ̫һ߶ȣôʵֻ
ﵽ߶ȣҶȾҪףҲ̫һﵽ߶ȡ
Ҫʼ̫޼˻ס
ϧʥأܴ߶ǿʩչڣԾС
̫֮ǰҶȸ¾䣬Ի޵ķʩչ
Ȼɱ
̫ͬʼֻ֮ܰţ磬Ҳ
󾳽磬ԭž̫˲κӡ޷ȥ⣬ֻϸС
߶̫ҶȾ͸оԪ΢΢һ𣬷·оع鵽Ӧôڵ磬һȻζ

δʼ߶ģ̫⣬һɾ޴񴫵ݳȻ΢̫⣬ʼԴ̫УҶһֱڴһȭ
컯ȭ
ǵʽֻأ
ѭֻصģڴʱ˿̣Ҷڵֻγһں״̬
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷȸоһȭֻػ֮Уʩչģһȭͷֻصȭ
̫ˣҶˣڶˣֲɽ磬һֱͣڵʽңԭʽֻأ򵽴ѭУӵһѭֻ컯ܽٵʽұﵽһȻںϵĵزÿУڱʡһֻ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˵ڸоԼ磬̫ڴֻأһ
컯ȭȻһ裬ܽ컯ȭںϣںϣյʽ
컯ȭֻأֻӦͬ
ҶȲδʼ̫ϳȴ߶컯ȭѵʽֻصģʼ͸
ҲвֻߵԭҶȺܿƽģҲ컯ȭֻأֻߵȷһҲͬһ档
컯ȭֻȭĴһִд裬ϴѭȭֻߣƿһֻ֣أֻأֻصͨĳЩ棬һġ
ӵ˵컯ȭֻأǵУɶԵ˽⣬ȻȻͷųĴ
ҶףΪ컯С
ֻߵֻǶĿƣУ𣬶ϣ߲ŹͬϢ
ֻ񼣡Ī޵ֻ񼣵ףйʣ˾ͨĪǴһĹ
һͷ˸ҶȵԺףڴ죬Ȼףйʣҹϵǳ˵컯ȭʽֻأֻ񼣣һ
ֻء
ʼ컯ȭģʽֻȭ֮УһҶȵˡ
ĲҶȼ컯ȭľ裬͵شһȭһ֮ȭֻ⣬֮Уںתѭγһûֻأ־ֻ߱Ŀֲ
һȭһȭ̫ȭڣͷâһɹɶֻϢʱա
ںϲȭӾˣһȭоסһС


1688 񹦳
ڤڤ֮УҶֵõֻߵ컯ȭںһ
ʩչֻ߶컯ȭֻȭȻӲɣ
뵽Ҷڷӡ⿪ֻ߶ʩչ컯ȭһ̫⣬Ũɵȭҫɣ֮Уͷ޵еĻ뾻
٣̤һ̣Ҷȱ׼컯ȭʽһή٣Ȼϲֻˮ
Ҷȿʼ̫
޵ΰΪʥ⣬ȫӲ𵤵ҫڰâ̫⡣
ⲻһҶȷ֣Ҳһ̫ȫԽͨԪٱǧ֮࣬ȻԪ԰ʣϢ
磬Ǹ߼ʱգ˵Ҳӵдʡ
̫ⲻȫӡؾɵ̫⣬һԪԪͨԪһֹâһ㣬⡣
̫⣡

ȥ̫ԽŨ񣬴ﵽһ̶֮ȫӡڲ
޼˻ס
ԵΰĻȻڵ֮УҲ޵еס
ϧڰͬһ䣬ĴУҶϣǵ־ֲҶڡ
ӡ̫⣬߶𵤣ΪԴȪϢʼڣķӡڣҶȿȫ޼˻׵ģﵽֻһֵƽ⡣
ģֻҪ󣬲ÿȥ⣬ͻУޱͨ
ͣ
һɹɵףźڰɫϵشӽ𵤱ڽ𵤡Ѫ֮бڲϢڽ𵤣γ߶ȵĺڰȻڱڲϵش
ڰԽۺһ˿˿ںϣγһɺڰ磬·һŵԴҶȰѵԴں֮ȫһֵϢ֮⣬ԪǣȻᱻʥأֲɾͬ
֮УҶҲʼ޼ս˻ơڰ׾֮ԼڰкͨԴ޼˻׵ǰͨҶɡ
һ޼սһְ˻ƣ޵У޼᲻ݣ
ʼղڰ׾֮ڰͨǺڰӵеͨڵ֮У޵еĴڡ
һʮɾ޴֮֮УɣҶȲϵ飬ϵᣬ֮Խľϵشﵽ񼶸߶ȡ
ڰ׾̫УֻҪ߶Ԫ񣬱ͷţֻ΢΢Ѵ߶ӡһ顣
ҶΪϳԪ˲߶ڰ׾նɱκζλλ²񣬲⣬ɽ磬һ磬Ȼ
һͨǺڰ
һϣһֻķ
ǹͨһַӡͨƵ󣬵ȻԸҲʮ׵ġ
һ޴ĺڰ˸źڰ׵֮УγɿµƣҶȵ򣬶˺ơ
֮ͨҶڵĺڰѾﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣ̫ࡣ
ʱ䣬ҶȷѾȥꡣ
꣬һδɹ֣Ҷ˵ڶ˵ֱǴǷ͹ȥˡ
̫һҪ̫⡢޼˻סʮѾﵽʮҶȴ߶֮ؾȻͨ衣
ֱĽ磬ȻΪҶĵûУȴıϣʮٳҶȼӵв

̫֮޼˻ףʮʼںڲ֮С
ΨһһԴʼںϡ
ں֮һҶϤİˣǾǴﵽ񼶸߶ȵ̫һ
֮ҶԸоɽͬ䣬ǿ̫һӵɫ
ֻһ㣬Ŀ꣬˼̫һΪҶı
ϵػԴ֮󣬻̫һ뵤ʼԽӴ
Դû̫һѣΪ̫һԴֻǴؾ֮УʣᾫԪˡ
ʱ䲻ϵĹȥգۣȥ
̫һȻﵽһ߶ȡ
У̫һı𵤡з򡢲¯ҲҪ̫һ
һôḶ́𽥿ʼ
Ҷȵʼʼһ߶𵤣չ񷷨򣬵̫һȻ̫һıڲķһԪںϣ̫һȡ
Բ׿̫һ֮󣬿̵ܷϢѾ֮ǰȻͬҶԼϰߣͻȻ磬ͻȻ̤һﵽ񼶣·ƽͷϰգһ³Ϊࡣ
һȫ̫ȡȻǾڴﵽһᣬ̫һٶԽԽ죬ˮͻȻָȻĺٶȡ
̫һ޿ײ룬ӡ֮УȻ֮ǰԪڣΪһƬʱգȫص̫һ
ϧ޷߶ͨߣͨٶֻҶں޲ö˫֣ʵͨߣϧ޷ʩչ
һʣʥأֵԶʮӵвɹӰ
Ҷȿɲ뱩¶ʣʱʥأ֪ʲô⡣
Ҳ޷߶ﵽһ̶֮󣬷Ҫ뿪ʥأҸ֮أ߶䣬ִ߶ͨӱС
¯
ͨɽҶȴ߶ӡ̫һˮӿ¯֮С
ж
֮䣬ʵɱ䣬Ӧֱó֪֮УЩϢľ¥֮ǻ
Ȼ߶ϸ
û뵽ǻؾȣһɽ󡭡
ոţʮۣʥڣһɽˣֱ˺ʥء̫ʥʥأ
ɽͱûΪżΪܣ˿̤磬Ȼ½ΪҶȵʦܣ˾춯صݷУ̤磬˵ʵҲ˿ɼģ
ֳţҲŽʥأһλ²ΪΪʽӣΪ֮еһԱ
ǻؾȣοһˣ
˵ؾԺĵλΪҶȣΪص
û뵽ǻؾȣΪһɽˣһӳΪʥ˹ע͵֮أ
ʩչҶĵӣڽۣеǻؾȵӣеϢǿ󣬿ǻؾȵӡ
֮۶УҶʵû뵽˴ЧӦ
Ҷջһ̾ڷ硢ɽ磬һãǱطâ׳Լ磬ȴȲѣݣʼչ¶âҲ֪Ǻǻ֮Ϊ˶֪ţȻܶ鷳û˽ңҲһƣҪΪʥҫ۵ţܵõʥصʵȥ࣡


1689 콣
ˣ
âҶ˫ּ߶һ¯֮ǰ¯ű
ȫӡɵ¯ӡڲ̫һֻҪڴ߶ٶȣﵽ񼶲ɹĸ߶ȡ
ͨҲҶ޷ʥʩչġ
һԷķ֮ϴǿУ޷һͨнҪúںϼ
٣ɽ־Ҷϣ޷͵ĴУɽ־Ҷϡ
һֻ޴ķˣɫҶȴ߶ڲУΪһ֮ķˣչʼɹ𵤡ӡӡ֮УԪʼΪ𣬷ΣһƬƬë
Դ磬Уָܻ
̫޼˻ס׿֮ʣ¾Ƿ׷ײУҶȴ޵ĴʮУٴѰһЩµ
ⷽ棬ʮôĺˣУһʥأѾ⼶ʥǾǲ˼Ĵڣʥأû
Сľ磬̫޼˻׿漣е漣
֮УﵽܸߵҶʼ߶ٴϴ÷ͨ״̬ʥǹеȵȣҲҶУһ׵ĵֶΡ
ҶȾҪʼں
䡢Ԫ̷ƽ飬ҶҪ䡢ԪֻУʹãԺʵԴ߶
䣬磬һ߶֪㣬ǲǸܵһϤУ
֮ǰҶڿʩչ󷨣ԼһЩ򵥵ķӡʩչ֮龻֣ľ¥⣬һء޵κ˿޷ӹĸӦ
ŪһУſʼ߶䣬֮Уʼںϡ
˻˻
ոʩչԪ߶䣬ӿ໥֮չһϤͨҶȵԪ׽ռ䡣
ռ䣬ҶȸоǰԣѾټ̣أֻ࣬Ǹ߼ࡣ
֮УҶȷ̳λãȻ̳λʱȴ֣̳ȻΪһ޴
ɾŴɣεģϷ̫ҵģ˲Ĺâ
Ҷ𾪶漴̤̫ҵȻ󴦴о̫Ϣȷ޵꣬Ҳ̫ҵ֮С
ֻһ飬޲ûĶֻճ㼣ҶȾЩʧ̫ҵûʲôȷЩ벻ͨһһ룬ʵҲαػ챦
Ŷ
Ȼ䣬ҶȷһЩͬĵط
ʱ䣡
ԭֻں֮ʱԪ񿴿ڲ磬᲻ʲô仯Ȼ̫ҵĳ֣Ȼʱǰһ
ɽ֮ʱڲʱʱ10001ڣȴ֣ʱŵĸϸһ㣬˵ķ֣ʱȳΪ100001
ǲ˼һ죬ڲԹһ죬ڲһ꣬Źȥһꡭ
δ˿תʱ䡢ռʱ
ҶΪ޵е̾
ﵽ񣬱ԵκεĴڣôﵽҲԵʱ䷨𣿡
ϸ쳣Ҷȣоӵеʱͨģ޶ʱƿʱ䷨򣬲ھڣתʱķ磬һʱ䣬ɷƿ߿ơ
ʹ޲ΰĴУҲʱ䷨ͨҶֻҪ̿˵һգҲʱ䷨
ʱ䡭˼Ĵͨ
ڲһ꣬Źȥһ꣬Ҷȵٶȣֻ޷Ԥϡ
ȻʼںϾ䣬ӡһбﵽ󣬴߶ӡɽ׶ˡ
ֿʼںϴԪ
Դ죬ĵһȻԽ˾䡣
߶ԪҶȾͿģ֯ɵĴԪƬռ䣬ڲǳ磬ȻģҲ˼飬Ĵӡޱ޼ʣﵽҶȣ֪һڲ̺ͨô˼顣
ͬʱַ֣Ԫ̫⡢޼˻׵ٶȣֻ̫࣬һôԪ޷գǷҪա
ףĵһӵ־ǵ
ͬҲޡڰЩߵҲףһȻҲԶܵԪա
ںһ󣬴ԪȻûб仯ֻƬһ죬ҶܰƬۼŻԪò
̷ƽ飬ڻڤѲ̫Ҵ½Ϊɽ
֮ҾֻһƷˣҵ̵һ⣬һֻһ
һ
ʼں֮ҶԺͷ뵽֣ͳ𾪱飺ֻԵ죬ѵ񣿵֮ǰ鼮һЩ۹ҲΪȣ񳯵ȵȣпܣֻһ޴ڣһ۹ˣ
ҶȾӦôﲻǵȸ߶ȣΪ֮Уоߵ
ȻϴϴԱȣ鼮ϹĽܣúоһ飬ӵʥеϢôȻ񣬶һλ֮£ʥĴڣδﵽ
ʥѾǳǿ󣬳Խ񣬿ʮҲûжʥ
콣
ں֮ʱҶȲƿɽںϣһĸӹУȻ䣬ʶڲ鷿֮ڣϣ͸һֽ
ƺʱʲôˡ
ҶȻʱδ֮ڣһֽ֮ϣȻһƪģһ׽ʽ
콣
βˣµһ仰ߣϣˣܽ˼ƪô˵ѳΪȥΪʷĳΨƬ콣Ǳδ˵Ըǵ꣬ǿ˺Ѵõһ׾׵Ĵͨ봫˵еġ𡯣ž޴ϵϣ˶úȥƽܣ
֮ҶȾһܣƿߣϧߣֻôݵļģûмϸȥ
콣˽ƪ
ϸĦһʼ콣ףʱ޷֪Ǻεֻͨǿ꣬;ƪĵߣԲһ
ˡ
֪֮䣬ҶȵĵڣͻȻһ
Ҷȼͷʶֻڽ֮УȻƯһģӰӰͷŵϢ콣һɻơ
ѵ콣ĵߣ𣿡
û뵽棬ոտ콣˳콣ĵߣڵֳ
ߡž粻ԽԽˣ̫ˣҺõʱƷ˸ľѪҲӵ˾˵
ʣӵг޷ӵе


1690 Ծ
侲ٴδӰƮ
£ǿ£ƣﵽ£еȻ˵ﵽ񣬿ϧҲδἰʲô磬ʲôĴ񣡡
Ƭ̣ҶȾʹϣܵ˻Ϣģо
һﵽ޵СȻȻߡ
˼콣һܣֻ֮Żƽ⣬ҲãʱѰ콣ǿʺң
ֹͣں
ȻѾҲѾ䣬ôֻҶҲʹ𽥵طӡ
콣ĳΪһӡҶȵԺ
ǿͨڲһʱУʵ̫СˣʩչУδ
Ҫںϵ̷ƽ顣
̷ԭһ߲ƽһϲ磬ǱЩ̫ԶպʺʹãóҲᱻĽʰɣ
Ҷ룬Ȼʼں
ͨںͷˣѾںϹһΣֻҪһӡںϸӡȫԴ߶
̷ÿߵȻƽ飬ֿҶȵķǳҶɽ磬дģȻ磬պó֮ϡ
ں֮ʣһ£ҶȾҪ󽣻
ϲһλ²Ҷȸ޷ȫںϣֻһգңϲӵ󽣻ʮǿôҲ޷գͬɽ磬õɾʬ壬޷ǲġ
ʵһ׾ɾ
ץһ𽣻ʬ壬֮Уʩչһͨ壬򣬿ʼ鿴ʬ
Ȼǿϲڱ˽һ룬ûʶƿأѾܴûдﵽϲȴҲδ²񣬶в߶ȣ
̹ҶȾѾƿȻɽ磬Ҫƿɾķܲ򵥣Ϊʱ޷ƿʱͬգǿ񣬴߶ƽ飬һʱ䣬ܴƷ
ˣһˣҿԷͨ壬ʱʱ̿ھУǿʱΪҴ
ͨ壬Ҷͫϲͨ壬ĵ̡
ͨߣһŻƽشﵽͬ߶ȣһʣУǿ󣬶ʣ޷ﵽʵĸ߶ȡ
һȱݣȻ¶
Ȼ߶䣬ѽʬ壬䣬ͨ壬һͬռ䣬߶ƽ飬ʼ
С©ȥ
Ҷȳûֿ˿ūǵ״̬뵶ū˽׶Σû籾Դ
Ҹʱ䣬뿪ʥأõū˳ɾ󣬶ū뿪䣬ʱʱ̿һ𣬾У
ʶõ֮ҶҲ˴㣬Ȼ壬ʥأһЩ
֮ЩȫŵģһĲֵ
ҶЩع˵ԣҪģЩո߼ͨ
ȻһִҶȾԼɽ磬ɳΪˣ磬ֳΪ˺ͯƵģһʼ
ʵȷˡ
ͬǣҶѾ硢ɽ磬ĥǣ̵ģ䣬չأȻͳǿ֮ģľǾͷֻʵ޵Уһᡣ
вϳȥѾʮꡣ
鼮ԣ磬ʱȻû壬󲿷󣬶Ҫǧꡢܴﵽһ߶ȣڴ˵һԪУǺͨģеӵԪ
ҶѾ硢ĩ඼ǣǸǴܣҪ˳ʱ䡣
鼮ᵽܣжﵽԪӵвļԪ֮
ϵشﵽһλ߶ȣԪǲһЩֻҪﵽͿڶԴλ
𽥵ģҶѾʥأ󲿷ֵĻӡеģյ߰˰ˡ
ţ
˿̣ԺԶӿһ
߶ͨһʬ壬֮Уͨ壬ھ䣬ȵȣΪҶȱ𣬴ͨ忪ʼ콣ֻҪںͨо飬콣
ͨߵ
ķͨ壬ϴһӣ¿սһﵽвٿﵽλĽλвɣ
ЦЦʼ߶򣬴ӽڵĿӣӿС

ĵӽӿ֣ǿֲĹӰ˵Ȼ޷˵
Ҷ޼ɵ߶̫ԺֱںѪ֮УʼԶߡ
Ҳ֪ϲԪǶôԽףУôԪӾӼ̣ǿ
Ȼ˾ԪҶҪɣҲܣͨУ뾳̫һںϡ
Ȼ֮ҶڵԪˮǴߣϱð磬ڵԪ̫ڡ
ڣָоˣڵľΥоһ̣һģһ
ڵʵԸλλȫ⣬ǣʥأû˵ͽ׵ĵӣֻһˡ
ʵʲôվײһλ²ʥأв񣬲ʸ񣬳Ϊӡ
ˡ
ȥ
ͻȻҶȵ΢΢һȻľ¥Χ󷨣Ҳ΢΢һ£ͣΪϸϸӦ΢΢һعһ߹
һҶȾʹӶ¥һ¥Ƭ̣ͼƽعһ
عǿ̫ˣҶһ¾ͿϤоһв񣬿һвʥزõĵӣ󲿷²ӣȷһеĸ֡
ʦ֣
Ҷӭӡ
ţ̶ʮ꣬û뵽ԪѾﵽһı״̬
Ҷȵһۣعͳ˾ϲЦɽ̤磬ԼԴִﵽ˾˵زЩ⣡
ҶʦŲʮ֪ĴʥأɽţԱ꣬˵
عܣλԾڻؾȣƿһЩ񣬽Ĳ㣬ʦ֣
ʦ֣Ҷȼ
Ծ񣺡ʦܿ
عֵʥأ֪ôһɽĵӣ֪ϸԪԼ֮ǰ½磬ȥɽ硢Ѱұ֣Ϊ֮ߣ̤ţпܣ챦˿ӣؾȣСģʮСģ
ǵõһЩͨЩڵ˽У˸ᣬϣʥֹȻҲƱĵӺģռˣܴɽ̤磬Ȼӵгͨ
عԾҶһʲãصǿƣ˵


1691 С
Ǳ½ӣ˵ⷬ˿ţȴֵÿ϶ԾӽԺʥ棬ָҶȣΪһؾȵӣ뿪пܽͬһҲһԵ֣
ɵҶȣع΢ЦԾһԱ˫֣뿪֡
ıӰ˸оƮ졣
ԾҶȱȭҶʦܣŵڣʮ꣬Ӧúưɣɽ粻һҾʹĴ䣬ʥط羰
Ǿ鷳ʦ֣ʢȴϵȷ˽һʥء
˵ĺܶԣҽʥأͬؾȣȷǴԵ֣
ԾףüһĨӢ֣Ҷһͬľ¥֣ǰڵĴ
عں֮С
ؾֻţеļ֮һؾһܽؾȵģЩ֮ϲٶ²̤вĵӣֻм˶ѣ
ڴߣ̤ϣ浹Ӱֳ⣬ԾҶȽ鼮δеһУʥؿȥһƬгΪؾȣֲҪӣɽ֮⣬Щĵӣ໥Ǻܳģŵļӣ඼ѡݷҲ˵ʥض֪ɽ磬Фϣӣѡìܣ˵Щи׼κⶼпܷʥֱӰʽӣпǿɽ磬ֻǿǱûǱ
Ծʱ£ʥض˵̫İһ˿ԳΪҵ۾Ȼȥܶ鷳
ֻһҶȾʹԾУ˼룬лʦѣҶȳ磬˵Ļû֮أַΧıʮҲˮǻֻ·һΪʥصӣҲЩԤ֮⣬˭һ̤۷壬Ϊǿߣǲܵģ£ʱȲѣκ鶼໥ģʥȫĴңұȻȫĻر
ʦд㣬Ժ󲻶֮£һΪ󣡡Ծ΢΢㵣ƺû뵽ҶͰʥصĹϵͷͷǵ
һӣܼͨʥأΪ٣Ҷϸ˼侲Ŀ⡣
ҶȴЦݵʦֲҲһ죬Ծţ
Ծʱ͸һɼᶨ⣬һɨҶȣ֪ˣԾ䲻Դ壬ʲô塢۹ҲһֱʥŴֻɭ֮еһˣޱߵɭ֣й磡
ҶԣɽһСƬɭ֣磬ǡɭֵĴأҪһȥһƬɭִ֣ɭ֣̤أȴҪʥؿʼʦ֣鷳ӦҶĿ⣬
ʦ̹ϣ£һһһģԾδ׳˵һ
෴ҶȸȷԾҲ£Եô˼ܡ
ˣҶǰֵĵԣԾȴûС
ҶǾ硢ɽ磬ӹ˵ڼʹһ²񣬵ļʶģԭסо޴ơ
ԭס񣬳ˣһУΪ̤ƶѹأܳΪ
ƾһ㣬ĴʥأҶˣĵط
˿̣ҶȴԾϣûпһֶľ𣬵Ҳóԭס֮УҲһģж־
ʦ֣λѵʥ˶ɽҶʦܣ
ȻҲ֮Уһŵ֮УʮλӣһԾҶȣʱӿ첽
Ŀ⣬ԾϣҶϣĿ⡢鶼С
λʦܣҶʦܣ
Ծ˱ȭȻһһΪҶȽܵʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡
ҶѴ֮У֪Щӵ볤࣬ȻԾЩ޷뵽ģعФϣ¶벻һ½ӣһλ²ѣӵǿԪͨ
ʮ꣬ͰѽʮӵϢһһס
ٵӣʥꡢǧ꣬˽ʥµӣΪǵԪ̫޷֮еϢ
ҶȶԣȻҪֳһİģͱʥظ߲㣬ٸʵס
ʥԣʵΪӣǿɽ磬ǱߣҲУҲڴˣе뷨ǾҶɽ磬ȻɽİôȻõɽ磬档
ʱʱ̣̿Ҫصֲ̣ĬĬţ˿ķâֲܻϤĵ̡
ԾܣҶʮλӣҲйͬԣĻؾȵӣŷҶ໥ʶʥأҶѾУӹɵʵ
ƺ֪ҶȵĽȻǿߡ
ܿ;ۼһٶؾȵӣؾʱֻôӣиļӡ
δĵ⣬еԾһͬҶؾȣֻʣʮˣԾҶ뿪ؾȵؽ硣
뿪ɽȣɽͨɽȻշУҶո߶ȣѾԴﵽʮɣ֮ǰļɸߣѾʮ롣
Ҷ¶ٶʱԾʮλؾȵӣĸ̾һλ²񣬾ͿԴﵽȸ߶ٶȣίʵ֡
ʦܣǰյһƬɽ壬ʽеĵص
뿪ɽ˾ڰգ΢΢ӽĸ߶ȷţһ·羰صķ羰
ʱ֮УǰϿգƯһƬɽ壬ϸɽ壬ǧ֮࣬˿ȥһȻͷŴâ˲Ĥ֮ġ
Ծʼּܵӣ֮ͨ󣬾ͿԽصиӸʥ
ʦ֣²ã̤صԱһЦ˵
ԾԵúǫ顣
Ϊ磬һܲпķǼӣ޷ڹ涨ʱΪʽӣͻᱻĨем䣬֮
ⲻǻؾȵ𣿺ǺǣôһúУصմմǵǰɣ
ǡôʱʮ󣬴һշصüؾʮӣһ۱ϳʹפ㣬ʼӸ£ˡ
ߣ
ŵʽӣԾɫһʹɫһͬתȥ
ЩӣúĴй䣬ʽӣʩ̫ѷ񣡡
һʽӣҪؾЩλµļѿȻһ̤˫ִһâʮֶȥ
ˣ
Ծˣٶһ£תâ£η壬ֻ޷ʽһҪܵʽ衣
ССδңóҫ
ڻؾȼӣһľսֺ֮ʣҶͻȻһǰ˫һᣬһĻɫâ˲ӭȥ

֮Уâײһ𣬾ȻϿնâƼ˺ܶ࣬ȻһҶȵϣ˺һ
һӣȻȻǼһܵ˽ѵϷʽӣһ𾪡
ʽӣȻܷŭŷҶһ⣬𣺡շ棬Ӳòʽӣ㲻񣬷ʽӳ֣һӣôĵӣ
ӣ
ҶȷһһƣɷЦĹۿҲʽӣ
˵꣬˲ץơ


1692 
ʽӣ
ƳÿǰʮʽӶš
ؾȣôʽӣ
ӶĿ࣬һԲڵĵĵʽӣ
·ԾʮӣҶȴʱһƬʽӣ·Ҳһݹ͡
ѵ
һʽӣ̾Ϣ֪˭ˣۣĴʥظһɽţʥصˣýؾУˣΪҶȣɽţ

Զԣϸ룬ȷ
˵硣ۼΪʵؾȣʽţֻһλ²񣡣
ʮʽӣ֮ǰôֺ߸ϣΪҶչݹĸӲ𾪡
֮ǰӣҲЩѣʽӣôȫûƣҶȻɳϴţɽ磬ĸﲻҶȶʥصӰ졣
ɽ磬ȻܣЩܣʥؿصġ
ҶʦҲʽӣߣʽӣҲѰ鷳ҲʥһԱ
ʱӰһɷâɣƯһӣƤͫһ˿͸űâ
ʽӼӣ׷˺һżɵ뾴⣬뱧ȭ񣺡֣ʦ֣
Ծ̸Ҷȴʦܣصʽ֮Уٵ֮һ֣ԭصһ֦㣬ѾǰӢӣʥʮֿصĵӣ
֣ԭ
΢΢ףʵҶȼ֣ԭһۣ֪ԷݣЦвʥأҪ̤ϲ񣬳ΪӢӣֻ̤߲ΪĵӣһǾ̫ϵӣ˵ȷֵʥؿأ
Ҷʦܡʦܣɢȥɣȥ۹⣬ǵĲŻٻ˼ʵģ֣ԭͷŶĿâ·һϣףƿص˵
ǣ
ԾҶᣬԷȻһ̨£ô˳ȥ֣ԭǲǳġ
߳
ʦ֣ղҲ֤ˣһССһλ²񣬾ܿסв˵в񣬵Ҳ̫ףҴδһλ²񣬿ԿвĴڣ
ʽҲ֮ɢȥ
֣ԭ뼸ӣȴڷصĿУ
֣ԭһĻ˲䣬ԵȷĴʥؼ£ţȻֶΣұˣҶȼţֻһֻǿ׳ˣв޷Կ磬һ󣬶أҲüʣÿԼ߶Զ
ʦ̣֪ʦ֣᲻ȥҶȣ˿˸ѵģ
𽥼ӿٶȡ
Ҷ𣿵ŰɣҳΪӢӣлᣬҲŹģһλ²񣬶ԿвϣȻž׵ʥزһУȴԣ֣ԭһɱ⡣
ҶȵĲŻ˿֮ġ
ؾȡ
ص籩֮ԾĻҶȼιȥ̾ʹ˻صؾȣȻԻصԼĵ֮С
Ҷڶ¥һ񼶾󣬰ľ¥͸֮ƿҶڻգɫ΢΢Щ쳣
ոջʽӵףľҴ󲿷ֵԪڶԷֻһƣѵˣ֣Ҹ޷Ӧԡ̫ˣԷֻһԾһĵͽвʥ֮Уվ²ĵӣЩӣ޷⣡
ֻһаˣҶв֮Ĳ࣬С
֧뽣ҶͨϽе˼ôƬ̣󽣻ʩչͨͰҶ˲
Ҷӵһλʵ˵ϲ񣬾вҲž޴ࡣ
Ŀǰ²֮УЩ֣ҪɸԪѽչͨҲԴԴھУΪṩ
ҪΪһλ̤λʵȻص
Ҳ֪ʦںηˣԼŮ˶Դá
뵽ҶȾͲȥԺξӰӣֶָߵĶҶһ޷е顣
ħĵģȻﵽ󣬶Īĸ߶ȣܿ챻һһơ
֮
ҶȴֹͣУΪԾϢлؾȵӣҪۼںģһһε
ؾȵӣǼӣȻҪͨˣܳΪʽӣԻؾȶڣۼеӣеô󲿷ּӣܣΪʽӣãձĨ䣬ŵ³
ҶϿգʱӣ˷󲿷ֵ֮ǰҶȽʶԼҲУİÿӣĿ⣬Ҷȡ
ҶȻʽӣ㲻ŬҲԶʥأܽʶʥصӣǼ뿪ʥأҲһԴ
룬һƯᡣ
ǰкܴһƬյأϰٵӣϾۼǰҶѼعǰеƷѿƶˮ
ԾһЩصӣǳᡣ
ԽԽ࣬ҶȵʱȻ˹עĽ㣬ܵ˹עϴʽӿ⣬Ϊؾӣо޴Ĺϵ
ԶҶѾΪؾȵƣάӣȻڳӵ޿š
ٶͶľĿ⣬ҶԵôݶƽκεİԵʮƽ׽ˡ
Ҷˣ
ع²豭һɨڵӣϵ˵Ǽӣǧڣͨˣ֮Уһ쵽ޣʥؿˣÿοˣд󲿷ֵӱ̭һʮֲпʵ汾ʮֲп£ףҪڼУʱʱΪǵʦ֣ǵĵʦϣˣͨʥزԣʥأ
˵֮ȸһѴÿ
ϾҪʥصĿ˵ĵӿʼһһݻ󿼺Ŀعֶ豭С۾յء
Ծһ߳ʩعȻ˫һϣâʼͷţвΪȷڲͬ󣡡
ͣ
һӡգһصԪΧţһʮɴĻ󷨣콵١
һֺͨɣԼʮ󷨣ɵĻԾȫԽļ̡
ǻؾϾҪ̤ʽӵţʦŲżѣǰʥؿˣǺգ
һЩӣ̲סΪԾǿ󣬶ޡ
ԾݱӡǺܻģһַ죬֮Ծ˵׾١
عҲʮ⡣
Ǽ²ΪҶһֻвһλλ£պôﵽʥͽ׼
ȻȲԾҲ
ĵӣһһʼ֣ȻعɫҲ𽥷˱仯ƺԺĵӣܲ⣬ǧʱ䣬жٵӣʱʱ̶̿ץʱС
Ϊʦָֻܸ޷ԼΪΪʽӵؾҹԺĴֻعǳֵıǡ


1693 λ²
ֵҶʦˣ
ɲǣٶӣʩչ֮޴֮ڶעһ߳ĵӡ
Ҷȣ
Ԫɽ̤磬е֮һ
ҶԾȵӣһһعڴ£ҶʩչһףеӣĿϾӣ
󣡡
֮䣬Ҷȵ̧ͷһʮɴĻ󣬳һӡӡ֮Уٶ

˫һ֣Ҷɲڿգᣬﵽʮɵĸ߶ȡ
֮ûڵӷִ̾߶һӡɷ֮

ӡ֮Ԫ⣬ںȻҶǰУһһɶ೤񵶣ȥԵ͡

ʧɲǣҶ֮Уһһ߶೤ͷâĽëϵӿԼʮ֮ࡣ
žžž
Ҷֳ֮ɽХԾҲѣӲҲһֱ۾ҶȾΪˡ
ڣؾӣۼ֤ɽ̺Ŀţâɣ޿ƥа
ʥضٻȻҶȲʮˣյ˵ľز߶ͬвϲһ
еɵ۵һ㣬ҶȲǡһλ²ڳĸӲ²߽λвĴڣҶԽۼһĻʵģǼ㲻ԸԼŵĵӳԽɻǲòܡ
ҶŬǴ󲿷ˣҪŬŵҶȣ
ʱ˿̣عվÿӣŹϣÿһӣо޴ѹŲʮ꣬ǿ֪ʱԪֻ΢һǰ㣬κεֻɽ߶ȣɱ䣬ţؾȣŷģҲ˵Ҷڶ̶ʮ꣬ԼΪһϸΪ磬ʥػһһգ֮У϶ˣ˵ⶼŵĲ࣬Ƕۼ֤Ҷʮ꣬ǲԼҹͷ֮У
ǣԾһӦ
ȻĵӣҲĸԸͷϡ
ʵ֤ʺҪŬУսҪģҶȾƾţʱ䣬ȥУŵ֣ôʲô
عͷȣһӣѵ޷̧ͷȥú룬ʥأΪʲô
˻һһһȥ
ҶҲȥںϿգЩӣԶ˼ʣǻٵĺ⣬ʣȴǳ޵ĸԴһҲ
Ҫﵽһλ׼ڶԴҲ֮һһﵽλʣ֮ĵֻҴﵽλ۷壬ʣһ𽣻ҲܴﵽĽλ
صҶȾʩչ󷨣ӽ
ĩڻ֪ĻģаԪɽõıܸ̫ʱ䣬һﵽ²λĽλҪѰ
һУһڼƻһжȻִͨУõھ
֮ҶȸоѾﵽһλ״̬
ԽͨڵԪۺ񣬴ﵽ˱״̬ȻҲʢı
λԽԽ
¹ȥ֮
һ죬Ҷ׼ڶԴȻоһľ¥Ծ
ֹͣУҶȾͿ첽һ¥ӭԾ
Ծ֮Ҷ£Ȼ⣺һ£ҾҪȥصܿˣΪʽӲ⣬Ƽ㣬ߺ󣬻ؾҪһˣտţ˭֪Ƽ󣬹Ҳͬ⣬Ͱ㶨Ϊѡ
ǳʤΣҶ΢΢һʵû뵽Ծ⣬˵ͻأ޷Ԥϡ
ԾЦʦܣɽ磬ɽǾ޴ޱߵ磬񶼲֪ж󣬶ȴܴ֮УӱƲܣ̤磬󲿷ҲûľḻʽӣʵõеϿɣû˻ᷴԣҲûǸʵ㣡
һ޷ܾ
ǵʲãҾͰһת㣬ǻؾȣƽûʲô£һֱǱ֮УϼֲͬʽӣԶÿУϣÿӼȥ񣬾ʱʱȥÿߴеУȻؾʱ򣬻ȥʥȡһЩҪƷȻǰȥΪ·ôҪȥߣϵʱ䣬Լʱ䣬¾ˣԾ渵
ֻҪУ㲻⣡ҶҲͬ⣬ͷ
ʦܵڷܣʦʵ뿪ãҲ뿪ؾȵģģʱ²񣬴ﵽв񣬲뿪ؾȣ涨ÿӶأʥؾȣҲҪǱҪãܴһλ̤ŽλȻ̤в񣡡
ԾģϸϸΪҶȷҶȴ鼮ϣ޷һЩѶϢ˽⣬һ󣬴²вҪǧңһЩţ꣬ʮͿвϲҪǧϣҪﵽϲ񣬸߲Ǿǧʱ䣬ʦ֣ܵʥػ࣬²в񣬰Ӧòˣ
ȵ֡
Ծ˵ĲţҶҲܳϡ
ʮУڴɱΪĹϣ۾Уż깦򣬱Ѵﵽһλ
̤꣬в˿⡣
ʱԼ֤һһºʦʱ䣬Ź£ȥصϾΪʽӣ˵Ҳ£ϣѣһԼ֤ǣ
Ծȭȥ
ĿӰʧ֣ҶȾͻص¥ʩչľ¥ΧȻʼڶԴѽʬ壬䣬ͨ壬
˻˻
ԪڵһԴҲ࣬Ưڽա
̫һҲںϺ״Ԫ֮УһԴѾﵽ̣̩ɽĵزڶԴᣬһԴҲڲϵԪƺŵڶԴһԴҲɱ䡣
ܿʹӾ䣬ͨУԼԽ
ԴҪԪ֮ʣע룬ǧҶڱڣ
ԴٶȣԽԽ죬Ҷִ߶ȼԴڵʣԴٶȣӿ죬Ҷȶ֮УʣԴٶȣѾ˼顣
Լ֮
ҶͻȻۣ˫һϡ
ڣڶԴһɶ󣬱ȵһԴȻӡ޴ԴͻȻΪһԴС״̬
һҶ˷ĸоڶԴɹڶԴһͬתһ֣ѭ״̬
žŹһҲ޾ѭںϡ
ԴһͬתУԶ̫һԼκεԪӴԪӿ
һԴʱҶȥ߶ԴԶתϣҶԪһԴԴĲࡣ
ڶԴᣬҴԪԶУԪӴ˵ֱǱˮн
𽥵أŵڶԴһּ״̬ྭʼ׷ȼգ飬Ȼһ顣
ʣҶȵһ׳١


1694 ص
λ飬Ǿ벿ֹǻ顣
ڶԴƵڶ̫Ưڽ֮Уڽϡ٣ڲˣڣԪʮֲ㣬һΪڶԴĴԪһ飬ɱø䣬Ҫһλ֮ࡣ
˿̣ʣµͳΪҶҪԴ
ڵĹǿͬúأҶ
ʼڣϯ𵤣Դ֮Уȫγһ޴ѭʼβ룬Ϣ
λҪһλڽʣ£вҶȴﵽλ״̬вһλӵĵӦ֡
һйƽ֮Ҷץʱ䣬λ߶ȣָһ㣬պԾμӿ˵һ졣
ҶţᣬԾ뼸絽عҲ߳ᣬһɨˣԾ䣬Ȼؾȡ
ɳؾȣѿңңƯյصôȻһҶȵԺҶȣľ磬ͻƶλ˰ɣ
عǿӦҶԵúܴݣҲûԴֻعעϸڣӦǰ죬պڶԴȱӦԼһЩԴӿɷȥʮѰһЩԴ
ڶλԼ΢΢֮Ȼ㣬뿪ʥأȥʮеѶȣعһЩ
Ӳصķ棬޷뿪ʥأʽǿɳ
뷨Ȼһз棬Ҳûʲô˵ģҪʥأұͬУڵӰʱʱ̿뿪ʥأпٸΣգ˼Ӧ֪ڵʲô
йͬУҶȸм
Ҷع˾ڴգ㵽ΪֹѰԼ뷨˼ȫ͸¶Է
ʱصѺȻǰ
عǰһ˦䣬һɨڵϣȻ׵شҶȡԾ˷磬һɽ֮С
Ӧǧɽ壬ҶӦÿһɽ壬нУһɽ壬һӣڶӵĵ
ʽӣعԹʥأؾȻûеλعȴӹǿߡ
ܿ죬һָɽ壬ΪعĿ꣬żˣʩչ书Ƭָɽ壬һ㳡ϡ
ʦִ֣˰ɣʦȥͨ
㳡ϣѲߵӣع׷׸תǰĽ𹬣عżӣƵ߹ȥ
𹬣ΧеѲߡ
ص룬ʽеһЩִҲУպǳΪʽӣҪ˱棡
عӽܵ鲽ϹϵĽݣſڣ̾ͼһˣʮӣʱ
ʦ֣
ع׵ʦܣ㵱ֵǷˣڵԾǰ걨ǰˣ
˵ͷ࿴˼ԾĿҪ֮ʣȴҶ
عܣʦܣλɳϴ½ӣҶȣ֮ҲԲμӲԣ
Ҷʦܣû뵽ţͳɹڶԴλ²ٶȣʵʥأӵδ֮ǣ룡˶ҶǳмӣȻˣ֮С
ԭǸҶȣǰһλ²񣬿ԿʽӣȷһزĸоŰ
ΧһЩʽӣڱҶȡ
λʦܣǾһʲô¿Էģ
˿̣ӹһԣλӣͷߣȻ֣ԭ
ֻǼ۵ŵӰˣ
ǻؾȵҶȣ
еӹӭ
֣ԭҶ֣һЦЦ뼸ļ䣬ת뿪
ڲ
ʮʽӾۼڴ֮УԾվ룬Ⱥԣعһԣ˾ۼһ˵Ц
֮һĽλϲΪ֣࣬ʥ֮УҲһеλĵӣҶȺܿӵ֮УҵԷݣصһ¡
Ծ̤ʥؼܴ꣬һλв̤λв֤ĲŻھͿʥһЩǷգ
һʽӣõ֮⣬룬ׯϵظԾ
Ծ֮󣬿ʼϽӡһڴ֮г֣һһһǳɡ
֤֮ʽӶ⣬ͨˣ֮ǰӣóһУ򣬵ݵԾǰԣЩ֮УһЩδĻѡһһʱܰӡ˳ᣬͨȻܰᣬ߶صòĵУᣬٸʮʱ䣬ٿһΣ
ԾͷĿ飬΢΢üȡһ򣬶Է߶ֳһ֣žŽ
žŽŰѽѲ֮΢΢׵
Ծ̿ʼʩչԪ񣬴ڣϤžŽģ᷽ʽȻʱ䲻ʧ
ԻؾȵļӣԵʮֽţû뵽ԣ˵ѣֳҪһڿӶ෽ֱǹѡ
ΪʮļʥأͽȻͬѰ
ֻԾֻʱ⡭
ҶһɨžŽȥۿģ߶ִϢͿƬʩչű

һʱ֮
˶Ծ˺һһȻʼֿ˫֣ĴһӡȻδ˵ٶѾܿ죬ع֮ɫܿ
ݡ
˫һϣӡȫǰӣ¶һЦݣԾΧɳһһŵƯڰա
ã
֮վֽкãʥأֶһʽӣԾʦܣϲΪʥصĵӣȥɽʽҪѡһЩ񵤵ȵȣ
ǣԾ֮عʾ⣬⿴һҶȣȻżʽӣ߳
ʦܣҲʹ˸ǣ´߶ţعҶȵˣ֮
ʦ֣֮ͼſڣתȥ
Ƕʶ˰ɣҪΪʥصӣֺҪŬҪԾǶٴʱ̣ѾžŽɹʩչǣԼ룬ܷɹ
ڽݼ䣬عĳڵ˵
һӣԵЩͷɥһزԣȷ̫ˣ̶ʱ䣬ֳһίʵܡ
عʱǺЩӣΪӶʥ˵ȫûҪԣؼʱȴǹػмӣȷһĵʦЩӣҲֻԼŬŬˣ
ҶĬĬź棬俴عıӰһξôˣƽӹڻؾȣ·ڣӵ޷Ĵͨ
˻ؾȣɢȥعҶȣһͬҶȵĵԾһߣؾȵĴСҪ⣬ٶȻܿ죬ȴҲһʱᣬ̤вһؾȣʱ򣬲Ҫĸ꣬ƿҲԶģôܶ࣡


1695 㳡
صľ¥
عóһʳָһ㣬˵һ𣬷ӡ⿪Ҷ֮ӵһλŽλ²඼ǻ²磬һ磬ṳ̂в߼ܵӦ֣
ЩͨʥȻͼع˵ĺȷգΪʥһԱҪոյĶ
ҶȰ׽һ
Ȼȥ֮ҲҪһˣʱ䣬úУʱң
ع뿪֮ʣ˵仰ҶȽ¶Цݡ
Ŀع뿪֮ҶȲЦøӼϵƷ඼ɽıֻеӣ֮ôҪ뾡ͻƾ磬ﵽв񣬱ѰôУΪ
ڸո̤һ⵰޷ģЩ̣вŬأҲʮҪ
֮ҶֿʼŴﵽλδﵽ״̬ץʱ䣬ѵһ𽣻ȫոɾﵽλ߷塣
֮Уͨ壬ʼͨڶ߽ʬ壬ʱʱ̿ΪҶ׼š
֪纺ơ˽ΣĽλϲ壬ʱڣֻǡ
ʱ䲻ϳҶԺȻȳֵ纺磬ξࡢĩˡ
ɽֶֹۡԫġࡢˣҲԺ
̫Ҵ½󣬸Ӳ˵
̫Ҵ½оپڤЩ̣ϻġֶɲŮ¹ùá˵Ȱ񣬲Ҫҹൣģһж뽪̫顢ۣ˶ţ⣡

Ȼھ˼֮еҶȣĶͷʱϵ̫һʱӪȴʦ㣬Ū˼֮ǰӦȥ;÷Щϸĩ仯磬֪꣬ҵصɽİ취ӵʮ٣治֪ʲôԤϵı仯
㣬ɽﵽ۷߶ȣ鷳ͽúӷϣõ
ƫƫξ£ҶͷżһңֻǰѴҪ´֮󣬾ʹæ硣
һ룬ܾôΪףʮ٣ǲȻںϣڵ֮Уʲô仯޷֪Ҿ뷲硢ɽ磬޷Ӧ
ֻвǿ󣬳Ϊʮǿߣҵ࣬ǽӴݽҵصɽİ취ͬʱܰɶ֮С
вòӱޣ£һ⡣
գ۾һȥսҶȼҪﵽλδعԾУ뿪ȥֵ֣עУȻֻС
꣬ظš
ͿޣҶץסʱ䣬սͨУԪѴﵽ˶λԼ̤λȻյڶ߽ʬ壬ﵽλĽλ⡣
Դγ໥ѭ״̬ϲֻҶÿУʱʱ̶̿Դۡ
λ۷壬Ҷȸܵǿߵ״̬ȻвȻ΢ϰһ飬ʵֻҪв
˼գ޸յġ
ᣬո£عҲ߳Ҷȣ¶ϲЦݣÿμ㣬вͬһαһ䣬ǿ󣬿ӣҪ̤λ˰ɣ
ҪԴγȥϣͨ򽻻ȷʽѰһЩаģ̤λȡĽλλҶһ湧ӭعһش
عҶֱӷؾȣʥؽȥ磬߶ƣ뿪һ硣
Ҷȣ²˵빺ǼΪݳ޵Ϊ²񣬶òʯ˵磬ȻشﲩҲǴԴǱ˵ԴҪȥðգлȡһ棬ǿ塢۹
ϷԾɽ룬Լһ֮󣬾ͼһǳأʱԵعѵҲ֪ɽ֮УٵıҪסһ㣬ǧҪ¶ƣʮʥأɱԽ飬ʱз
һϯҶ˵׼ҲóȻֻһЩɽõʯ
һ֮عʹҶȷǳء
ǳغܾ޴һ۹ƿصʮһ޴ĵ۹ʥصͬȸ߶ȡ
ʮִַǲͬװ޵ȵȣԲͬʥءӣҲ洦ǡ
ǰҲ࣬㳡һЩͨɵóΧЩ̵겻ͬ۸ʲôУ㳡ıȥ䣬Ҫȥһ̵꣡
ǳ룬ͷܶعҶȶһŶ뿪ҶҲڿɵعһ䡣
ó̵꣬ҶȵȻȥǶǮƵˣȥĵطֵ̤طѰ·
ƹһ֣Ȼһι㳡ͨ뷲Уеһȣ̷ߺ
ҶҲ鼮ѶϢ֮Уҵ㳡ؽܣԭֹʮǳ㳡㳡֮ͨУ㳡ͨƽͷϰս׵ĵط
ڴҶ㳡ҲʼΧ󣬶²񣬸ֻ߲кһ֣ûκεʥصӣҶȾòףҵ֮أһװżȺ֮С
Ҵ߹ģ·ģǮģûǮģȻˣȴӵһ
߹̷ûʲôֵĶȻȺӿһҶȿȥԭһвڽһĸӦԿʵֻһͨһЩ󷨣عϰˡ
ˮħΣˮħΣոвζ
ֹһЩ̯λûкöȻҲһЩرҶ˵ô
Ȼ䣬һҶȵĸӦһ̯λ
ʮ󣬶в·ˣһ߶೤ĵĴˮΡ
ˮδ΢΢ħԣȥʱʬԲĹĵģ֪նٵѪȥʮֶģҶҲ֪ˮħΣȷζΣյ֮У۸ʮְ
ϧ⣬޷̵˭Ը⿴˴ζֶĵ⡣
ǣҶȾҪǿĶ
СֵܣȤ𣿡
вΧֻۣҶһ˶£Ҳһ׻ߣƤڣΪҶȽܲôࡢˮħΣҲżȻƽʱĻ˴ˮħΣһͷûȥ⿣ϵȼȣҪע⣬ˮħεĵӵһԻľ綾
˼ңҵһݣһҵܼңˣϲһЩɽ亣ζ뺣أ⣬˶õ˼ʳǼ۸ˣҵǿԴһЩ
ҶԲǷǳı飬ʼ۸

˸оⲻˣȴóǮָͷʮʯһƷʯ
Щ˰ɣŻЩֻܿһߣ飬Т˼ңҶһ۸񣬾¶ɫ


1696 ¼
ֻһ
ͻƵϣ壬ˮħϲϯ棬ȴѵõļȣͨ
Ҳ볢ˮħζһɣҶΪѵĵ
Ҷ׼վʱ˼æкҶȣ֪Сֵֻܶ
Ҷһ£۸ʵĻԽԽã̫ˡ˼Ҳ֪һݳζˣӡ֮ߣδζž޴Σգ֪飬۸ʣҾͿԿǿǣ
һʱůůģ⻰СʣнһˮħΣСֵҪ٣
Ҫһ룬ҲԡȫҪˣ
ȫҪˣҪһ룿
Ϊ̷˼ȻҶȵ˼˼һԱ߼׳ģĸָͷ۸񣡡
̫ˣһƷʯ㿴һ²óôࣿ˼ܷŻݵ㣬ҵҲյȫգʮƷʯˮħ˵ǮУ̫ˡ
ͨһ֡

˼ҷˣΧˣ̸
Ҷܾ˵ԵúΪѵӣɣʮ壬Ҫһ룡
˻һٴ֮˼ҺݺݵһҶײײȭͷǳɽˡ
Ҷȼ̴Ӵ䣬ҳɽ磬ռʯҲ٣֮磬ͨϡﻩһͨһƬƷʯ˼ͷŵ֮УͣţΧ˶¶һ˷֮ɫ
ȷ֮ҶҲѴ򿪣ʮˮħνУ뿪ʱҶȺȻת˼뼸ˣ㶣Ը⣬ҿٳʮļ۸񣬰ʣµʮˮħҪˣ˵ʮҲҪһҲҪǼ۸̫Ϊѣ
⣡⣡۸£뼸λˣһһΪѣԣʮļ۸̫ˡ
Ҷʼ磬һĨ⣬תҪȥ
úãã
߳ҶȵƣһûͬҶ۸
ǣҶȷΣһʮ۸һ룬Զʮĳͼ۸һ롣
ˮħβƷôڶι򣬳ɹʲ˭ˮħβһģԸȫˣҲϣһ꣬ʱʱȥԷҶȸպץסŵôıˡ
һˮħΣǻȥҲʯʲôҾͳΪ⵰ˣЩˣҵʲô׬ȡʯ⣬ʵܲܳȥΣ֮ɣ
̷УѰʺԼƷҶҲڼƻһַ׬ȡʯһֱϱɽա
ȥʮ֮Уûӵз𣬼ϲ¯Ӧò⣬ѾڣһҪҵӦ㳡ûпͬɽһҩʼǹӦģؽ౦ɽӵӰΪһ˴ԴѴǧͼΪҲ룡
һüĿովǹһˮħΣҶȴѪɽ磬ʲôʱĹԴ
㳡ع˺üΣҲֻһЩܻĶݣ񻨣һЩʯ֮ûԵҪıƽгкˣžö
Ҹ֮أʥصۣڳǳؽֵй䣬Ȼְ߶龻֣ѰҷĩϢֵǸӦ˷ĩ΢΢Ϣϧǳ֮С
ܿ죬ع͸ҶȻ棬һͬ뿪ǳأʥأ;УعҶƺкջʱҶҡҡͷ
صؾȣ
ᣬҶȥعȻһУҪҸպһꡮѪΡУһ
лҶȵǺ⣬δܾܾһᣬˡ
صľ¥ú󷨣㿪ʼС
Ⱦʹ򿪱УȻһһ߶೤Ѫ˲Σ͸ǿϢҶһ۾ͱȷǺöϧֻһ꣬һ꣬ǶҪõģĪ
عȴȥعٵʯ
պãʼץһˮħΣ׼ա
ءſڼͷһֱ˯ޣ۾СͶ˶һֱˮħβ϶һ¡
㵹ãǰɣ⣬ǺȥҲԴ
Իû취к⣬ð֮£Ҷȷһָ
ޣͰˮħȫˣԣ⵽Ҷһۣʵʵ˯ˡ
ʼˮħΣһˮħΣ֮ڣȻľѪȻҶȴˮħڣճ٣󲿷ֶѪʮִˮħΰѾһ顣
Ȼ󲻶ϴﵽλ۷壬֮ҪԴλͦ
֮УҶȿʼ߶Ԫ֮Уֳĺ
ʮ
Ҷȣ˵ŲͬˣɽżԴ˺ˡ
߶Ԫ񣬴Ӵ֮УѰй
˵ʲô£ҪѵҩãȷǼ򵥵ģһܳʦʦѰȥϱ
һȥΪҶѰʮȻһ£˾޴ջ
һƬģҶһץĺ֮УȻĺʧҲ
¼
֮ģγһ飬ķ棬ȻĸĴ֣¼
һҳҳǲͬƷҶط֣ɽĵҩҲУȻĵҩ񵤡
¼֮ϣ¼ƷҲ֪ʶĽܣҩһҳȴһģԵڲͬ
ܻΪ棬ͨϣΪ񵤣һʦ
ȻܽɣԿó޲һ棬Ҳкܸߵ衣
ּ󣬵Ȼ򶼻漰˵ϾͨҲյ߰˰ˡ
¼öñԪʼ¶۲Իо
Ҷס޵ܽᣬΪ棬ô򵥣ףһףøʲôݣͿƳ񵤣ǣû飬ûжգƳƷ
ȻУ
¼ἰҪҲǵһЩ֮ͨ⣬󲿷ʦҪҲǱյģֻͨͨ񵤣ԽϧƵ񵤣Խǲ
жٿܣյ
Ȼ֮治Уе󣬻ںһֻǻϵʣֻʣ֮ʿǿ϶еġ
ҶȻҪת鶦Ѿɽ磬ӵв¯ΰں϶ɣ̲ѣʱԵҶֵõĴУ𣬻ʲô񵤣ֵ
ڣҶҪģǴӻʼѧϰȻͣĳվļܳɳΪһʦ
֮ͨһھѧϰ¼ɽ񵤣̤λںϾ飬ٿʼ͸˽¼һͨ壬Ǻú콣ͨߵãڲſʼ
Ҷȼ̰¼ģֱӡͨԺͨ壬һʱ£¼
ںϣʹоںϣһͬһͬܽᣡ


1697 λ
ʱҶ˵¼ȻҪǽ磬Ҫûʵ뾳磬Ҳɲʦ
˻˻
֪֮䣬ҶѾʮֻˮħΣһԲĹĵ壬ͬ壬ҶȫһɶʵѾԽӽλ۷塣
һ𽣻ʬ壬ҲѾȫգҪо߶ֻԪﵽλ۷塣
ʮУһλﵽλڵ͵Ⱦ˵ѵģһͻƣڽ
ԪԽʬ塢ˮħԼԴγɵѭҶԽоһıڸо
ˣ
ͨںϱ
ٿȻۣҶȿ仯Ԫﵽ۷ڷڣһԪڲϵطڡ
ֹͣκԪȫֹͣתͳͳӿ롣
һӴԪ׷׵ؼڽ룬ԴԱߣӡᣬԪγѭ״̬Ϊһ޴УҲǸոԴʱϡٵԪ״̬
ͣ
Դ״̬γɣԪʼںϣżͬ֨֨رըԪڼ٣ʵأϵؾӺС˽󲿷֣𽥳ΪһſһߴСʵȴһɾ޴Դ
ȼգںԴ֮УԴҲӿһԪϵԴγɡ
ҶȻڲϽӡᳬԽԪԴԪ壬ʱԴһ־о޼᲻ݡ
ٿ
ת˲
һɾ޴ԴͻȻֹͣѭһ͸ʵԴˣͬʱԴͷųһ޵ϢԴȫϢϵӿԴ
ž
ŵԴɹһ֮ҶȵڱըоʹޱߣԼϵرը飬ƤҲ΢΢ȼա
ʹǶݵģܿһ֮㿪ʼֹ֮ʼ飬ʱҶȴ֮Уоԡ
֮Ҫʼһ顭
黹ǳţѾλҶȳ廹ҪһʱĻָ㿪ʼ̫޼˻סײԼ֮
һθоӦ˵ظ췭ı仯оոսʲôоޱȡ
֮УЩɴֵߣӰԽԽ࡭ţӰƺֶһӰ
鿴仯ʱӽ𵤵𵤵ûжٸı䣬˶˵ԴȻ뵤磬ͷӰڵصգ֮ǰõ콣ߣӰֶһӰ
ӵпµơ
ֳӰֱۣһ࣬ߣϢһ֣ʥعζ
ϣɽļ䡣
Ҷ͵ؾʥصĴʼߣҲʥɽĴʼߣɽɱ֮УʶʥɽľѧһŷֳͨһͨߵӰ
ʥأһֱδʥصʮһֱʥصϢֳʥصӰҺܳԾ
侲ӰӦһϢޣȻҶϤޣ֮ܲ
ӰֳһӰһ飬գòʮΰһһϢ
·ﵽļ¡
˵ʥصֻ񼣣ӰʥصĴʼߣǡֻйصֻ񼣣̫ʼͷԣֻ֪񼣵ĴڣĪǵٴνɽԭ򣬾Ϊõֻߵص磬õֻ񼣵ĴУ
뵽ֻ񼣣뵽ֻ߻̫ʼɵðصࡣ
ȻһͷҶƺеףΪٴ½ԭ򣬵ȻһжǷֻн棬ѹ̫ʼ֪һࡣ
ͨߡһϴܣӵֻ֮
ҶͻȻ˴ȭͷ۾ʥңԭ򣬿ΪϣɽıʱЩ϶ԻҸĿУõĵӣʶʥأҪҪΪͨһֻͨʱҸᣬʥչֳ˶Ϊʥأڤڤ֮о޴Ե֣һʥضԴңԴһƷҵӣҶԣ;˳
뷨ҶԼ뾪ϲҪʥˣ֪ʥ޷͵ϵٿԳΪҪӣõʥ̻СʱڵҶȣİ޷
֮ڵ̫һִﵽһ߶ȣְѴ˫ͨһ飬ҶԺģͬԼڲںġ
ͨߣں¼ľ顣
Ҷֱժȡʵ¼Ӵģ񵤵Ӱӣϵظ֡
¯
һԪڲ񷷨ֻ£ϵص죬Ҷͨ壬عָٴڶ𽣻϶һӡһһ׸ߵĲ¯ǰ
ಣ
һץӴ䣬ץɽƲݡӡơˮ
ɽ˫һѹ˲¯֮УһĿɲǼͰ
꣡
ţһ񵤣ոս٣ҶȾˡ
ɽҵ𣬽һ棬һͻΪ˻ҽ
¿Ҷ˸ͷһΪУԽȻԽܰʾ벻ǣ̫Ϊ˻ҽҲҵĻ档
ƿػһž顣
Ҷֻͨߣͨ¼Ʒӡһ̫ѧʣ˷ɽ
ҶóȻɽ磬еɲóϧıȻô󣬿ɽ磬á
񵤵ĵȼ󾳽һģʲôΪʦֻӦ񵤣˶ԣֻ²ȼ񵤣
һҶȿʼϸڣÿԼøԶһƳ֪Ҫ˷Ѷٲϡ
һ飬ҶȾһλ²񵤣ΪλڶްգƳɹһλ񵤣һ漣

һΣҶȴ߶ӡͷ֮󣬲δһʱȿȻɢһЩﵽһλʵֻаƴСȻſʼ
ͣ
ոͷҵƣҶȸϽٴɢ𣬵Ҳյķڡ
ֻֻϼȻسԡ
һεǺܺã¶δƻһЩ¶ȲּһЩ𣬹Ȼ￪ʼڻ
ڻΪһҺ֮󣬷¯𣬻ҶûƳʲô񵤣ɽҲ޷ƳֻһΣѵҩƳɹ
žͷ񿴿ͻλڵԪȻܿ飬ֻͨˮħεϵغת
ȻҶȻع񣬸¯ʱ֣һڻһѵҺ壬ͻȻˡ
ȴȻڡ

Ҷֱ⣬һ񣬽Һ壬ոˣҽûʣһ
õнһ˼йһ飬һΣͲ׳ˣ
εҡҡͷһ̾ʼоԪ


1698 ֮ͨ
λλһλʱ⣬ǾԪϡ٣һƬա
֮ǰʧˡ
̶ʱ䣬ھ䣬ȴҲȥһʱ䣬Ϣ֣ͨƽ飬Ѿɹһӡ
Ӿ䣬ѽʬץ֮Уʩչ򣬿ʼϲȻֻﵽвҲ²޷ȼ
ˮħΣҶʱս
ӿԪԼͬ࣬ӵʢҶȲϵգոͻƴʼڣԪҲϵİ磬𽥵أҶָоļ̸С
ﵽһ̶ȣδﵽλ߶ȣҶȴԷģ߶񷷨ԶսȻ۵֮Уӵ۵ͨӰ
˫㣬Դ˼飬ں˴ָ߶ȣܳ²ϣʱ޷ʹãôͨӰУʥصϢֻͨǿԵһµͨȲˣкǿ
󷨣
ϳ˼ͨӰһͨ
ͨǷ󷨣̺ʥص治ףҶҲ޷ﵽ
˼ȥҶȾֻ«ư
ᣡ
߶ԪʮӡһâΪһˣֻûо峤ľˣҶ֮⣬֮ߡ
ҶȽӡ˵˫ۣ𽥶ֱۣһֱۡ
էȻ뵤֮УֳͨӰЩͬϸһǴͬ
Ҷվ̧ͷ˿Ӱȷһ֣ʮƮĸо⻹ҪںһС
ʥνֻأҲǴɴﲻָ߶ȣĿǰֻ࣬ͷֻصֻͨߣӵֻĽʺޣӰ֮УҪһЩֻͨˣ
ϸ˼һҶȾͿʼӲУѰҳµţʵ׷ѭҲһֻأǴֻأԽֻʥص
ֻߣе˫ľ飬һᣬҶȾüЦԵúܸˡ
ͨרΪʥض죬ΪƣںʥصһЩϢǿʥϿյϢôʩչͻֳʥأݵϢһ֪ʥأ޷͵ԵȻ޷ͣҾͲýͣôҼֵ𽥿Խݣ
ӡӰʼӶۣһƵĳȻÿһƣĳƣһֻ
ֻҪӿӵл⡢Էľ޴á
ʥһЩҪʩչʥ°ɣʥؿԺңܺʥ֮Ե
ӰҲʧˡ
Ԫ𽥴ﵽҶֿʼ¯
ȻҪһ
֮ǰú¼ϵľ裬Ҷεǣ¼ϣû²Ʒʽвϲ񡢸߲ҲûУʥ𲽣ʹҶҪԼȥרС
¼ϵľ裬Ҷȳɹ񵤣ɽ֮ʱҶ䲻ҲĶص鼮
ˣɸ²񣬷õ׳񵤣һֱûãóһţһиѧϰ
¿ûçײ
߶ʥشĴ䣬óһӴС񵤣˾Ө͸âƣΧ
׳񵤣ǵͽλģǶ²ıʽӣӵ֮࣬ѰļӣһžͲˡ
׳񵤣һλλϻˡ
ץסһλ׳񵤣һ˵һ£񵤣Ȼͷƿ񵤵ӡƣάֲ֮С
۾ϸϸ۲죬һοǾԺ¼ľ衣
ҪȻ׳񵤼ܾ׼һˣҩЧͲͬ
ڣҶȷ˺мֵջࣺȷԽƵԽãƣҪﵽһʱ䣬磬ҲﻯΪҺ壬Ϊ̥֮ʣͷŵҪΪڲơⲿƣѵ̥Ȼγ񵤣ںϣγⱣ¶ҩԽֵľá
Ӱ첻£˵̫ԣҶ˰ա
׳ƵĲϣҶûУҶԣҪƵ񵤣ҵƣպˮħΣȻ㳡ֳֽǿƳһּ񵤣ߣõ׳Լ
պ׳񵤣֮ǰҶȺúõرۣڤ˼졣
Ŵ߶¯ڲȼһ΢ץһˮħΣȡ°ߴѪ⣬ִӴ䣬ó
¯

΢΢һͰʼȼգûһôʢͷҲδɢ΢΢ۣ͸պõ˻
ȼУϸ΢仯
ˮħεѪ⣬ʼðݣСѪ𽥵ؽڣγһεҺ壬Ҳ𽥵طٻγһεҺ塣
ҺֺҶȲδںϣͷŸӦƿҺ壬ͷųĴϢ
ҪںϣҶȿûʲôܽģֻƿأϤͱˮħһҺһЩȻҺںϡ
ں֮ӦҲɢһЩܿͻҺ
𽥵ģȭͷСҺ壬ʼڣһЩʣ֮У֨֨رըԽԽС
СȭͷСʱҶְһЩҺСٶȣ仺ˣٶȣ֮ҺֻӴС
̥
ԲͷžҺ壬Ҷ¼Աȣ϶ǵҩγ֮ǰνĵ̥
̥һɣɹͲԶˡ
ҶȸӦһЩ̥Եƽȣų⣬ǲ࣬Ȼʼͷ̥ͷŵ𽥵ƿأΪһƣͬʼᣬΪһ뵤̥֮УһƯ
õ̥Σ
ƿص̥˲Ϣʧ̥Һ壬Ҷȣӡ֮һɺϵؾ̥γһţˣ͸Եĵҩ
ںϣ
ƿƣû뵤ҩںϣȻڲⲿƣں֮ҩʼͷţתͷžӲӵâ׳񵤿ȥһģһ
񵤣ɣ
ſ죬ͰѸոƶɵ񵤣
ٿ崦һ״̬͸ź񵤣ܣ㿪ʼɢ
һ֮ɢԪѪҺ֮УѪʼԪϣھ֮УϵرߣȻڵʼѪߣȻؿʼȼա
ô߶񵤵Ϊӣڵ
һ²˵ʹܲ꣬ʱԴ߶΢Ƿ֮Ȼ²պóûƿȼյ
񵤣
Ҷȼޱȣʼ޷գһɹ˵˳֮ġ
տʼţָоЩ֣ӡ֤һκ鿴ףѣ׻ѣԼȥŻ¡
񵤣˵ô򲻴󣬵ڻؾЩӣô
ø񵤣ȡ֡


1699 ص
ôһγɹƵĵҩҪ
׳񵤡д߶еĺܺЧ硭ͽԪ񵤣
ϸϸһĥȻҶ¶˾ϲЦݣУһ񵤵֡
Ԫ񵤡
ѽһ깦ͨ¼ƿأƣճɹƳһԪ񵤡
ζŴӴԺҶҲʦһߵ֮·Դ˻ôԴԼӴ硣
ȴҶһˮħεѪ⣬ϴʼһԴԪ񵤡
ӽһʱ䣬Ȼ˳ڲ¯֮УƳɹʮԪ񵤣Ǽֵǣв񣬶Ԫ񵤣񵤣ʵټ
񵤶ǸУԪѴƳ档
յԻ֮ҶȽʼȫĽλһֻֻˮħΣţȻһͬҶڣγɰԪѭ硣
λԪ״̬ϵˮǴߣƽ״̬߷壬̫ӵߵﲻĵزȴҲԽ󲿷ֵԪ
ģԪѿﵽλ۷壬ҶȲع񣬸ǳȥؾȸӡ
׼һ¶¥ո֣߳Ȼ䣬һ緢Ӱżӣ
ʦ֣
ͣҶȴżЦݣǰӭ
ԾδڳʽӼӣӣҲʽӣΪвͽλûи߽λĴڣ˭δҶȵĴԾҶʶ
պҶҪȥѲÿԾѵûһΣҲˣҶһͬһ
ҶᣬݼعڵӶԣعûʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵ
˾ǰƷζعԲժѿʲ裬Ծ渵صһЩо֮Ҷȣʦܣٹ꣬ʽӽѾȻʲôڲ룬ҲʽӣʵҲԱ
ҶҡҡͷһЦҵȷʽӣշ˵вʸ񣬲ССһؾȵӣȥҲ״
仰Ȼ˵عġ
ԾδһοȻع²豭⣬Ҳ޲ףҪʧܵ׼ܶ˾ʧܣȻģԾȥʦ֣˵ؾȵҶȣҲҪμؽ
ãԾֽкá
ҶعʩӲţҲŬȡΪؾȶвҲһ٣
ԪƣҪĽλ˰ɣεǻòˣע⵽һؾȵĴڣع˫ͫһ⡣
ֻһɨѰҶΪ͸
Ӹǣ
ԾҶ˲ȥɳġ
ʮ꣬һλ̤λԭסʲôɽʵ˼飬ţҾŬ˼ǿԭڣعֶһӰһʹʧ
ԾǱ𣬻صľ¥֮ҶȾѿʼȫλ۷塣
ˮħΡϵسλ۷壬ҶѾоͣǿ
ڣͨ壬һ콣һڲ¼Գ֮С
һ꣡
Ҷȵͷųһɵơ
˫ּӿӡԪ׷ӿ𵤣ԴԱߣγһо޴Ԫ
ҴӾ䣬лͨ塣
ĿԴ
ӡϼӳ֣Ԫ֮У֨֨رըҲںԪ֮Уµ߻棬ȼҶԼϵᣬԪʼС𽥴ﵽʮɴ
ɱȵԴ֮ǰӴλԽߣԪӾҲӾˡ
ٿ
ӡԪͻȻʼʮɾ޴ֻΪһţһ߶Դ
Դɣ
ĿԴ֮󣬴ţϵӿһصϢֱĿԴںϣԴʼյĿԴľ߼ԪһĿԴܴﵽĽλĸ߶ȡ
ھһαը΢Ǿը֮󣬱ÿޱȣӨ͸ϣ֮ǰӴںϵԪȻλ޷ĵز
ĿԴƯڲ֮У໥ո𵤲ԪĴԴ֮С
ڣҶָоڿһƬΪľǴﵽ߼ʱشһ߶ȣҲǾе۷塣
ֿʼսԼˮħΣ
ϧڵԴսᣬԶɢԴЧĸӾˡ
Ԫγɣ㲻ٵʲôڷͨᡣ
ĽλҶٴθоǿߵƣڹż˽⵽²ʵ󾳽֮Уͽ׵Ĵڡ
ԶδԪ֮ǰľ磬ֻ󾳽磬ʥۡ񡣶ԶŴսʧµĺԪʮ󾳽硣
ʵûжٲ𣬶Զߵģͬޡڰ߲ġ
²󾳽磬ʵͽһĽλ²ǿ߸оʵ磬ʲô㲻ϡ
֪һȥĽλ׳Ҷȣٶȣӿ£ʬ壬ʣ²֮ˮħҲֻʣ¼ڵҶģﵽλ
һﵽλϵԴٶȺľֻʣеⲿԴﵽλһ漣
Ҫһʱȫλﵽ²еȸ߶ȣôʵѾȫݺ²в񣬵ýֲ֪
ص
֮Ծߣ㱨ʲô
һ󣬵ͣ¼¼䳰һعԼʲôˣһؾȵӣʲôʸ񣬲μʽӽ
λʦ֣λҶʦܣʽӣ֮΢΢ɵ֮ɫǰһ˵
ʽӣ
ߣ֮ЩթȻţʽӣڻؾУȻʼ߶ƣ˰ͨ
ʱ֮󣬼߶¶ΪԸɫȷʽӣڻؾУͲܲμؽ
ǼˣΪصĴ£һִʽӣֻҪصԲܲǷϣҶȲһλ²ⲻǿЦ𣿺οؽҲһʥصӣǰĦǿʥЦҲ֪ôģѵֻ뵽ĻؾȣĪҪΪʽ
ߣ໥٩
֮Ծǲ˵ʲôصǰ£ʽӣ˵Ļܷ
ǡ
Фϣ
ȻſڼλʽӣӭһӰ
ֻһӰӰФϡ
˵ҴŶȻʽӣôʸصй£ûδʥأӦøÿӹĴ²Ҳά
ǣ
ߣæФӰӭ
ҶҲصУȻŬĳɼǷԽصλ˫ۣŹ治ƣҶûдﵽ˱׼̤صΪʽӣʸʽӵȨ
Фϵ˵ûдƶ˵꣬ͷһɨʧȥ
ͳϣ
ФһߣʣһƬص£


1700 ɽķâ1
ž
ؾȣᣡ
عΪŭһϡ
Ծ֮ǰصһĻʹعԾФϼʱϵصڶ£ϼ٣ͬè
ӵߵĵλеǶԲֹʹȨЩʲôصЩ£͸ʥز̬ȣһؾȣȷʥأһλϣҶΣʥ£һؾı䣡عãָȻɫԾϸϸ
꣬ʿ˵ת˲
磬ؾȴӣΧҶȵǰȴҶȡ
Ҷ֮ٲȻǴ٣һӣźģعһͬص
ҪصڶӣˣƽһΣԽص
ȻҶȴĬΪعĶСӣûйҵʮ꣬㾹ȻһλﵽλΪвָտɴοҪڴУúñ֣˵ΪȡʤҪպûᣬŵڣкܶ۾ڿ㣬Ȼûгǰһһڴκα֣
ףΪɽ磬Ա뻳ڲ֤ͬƽӹ֮Ӵû˽עҵϣʥأԼԣŲԶӰ죡
硢ɽУҶȲپعǰչֳΣңĲġ
ع΢΢һΪؾȵ£ҲֻʥһӣҲҵ뷨Լ뷨ҵΪеˣССӣΪȻ壬ģʥ޷Լ㣬ҲҪסԶΥʥأʥؽʲôҲƴ㿴صʽӣӣҪεȵӱñ˿ڲͬ
ȥȻмˣ඼вϲ٣඼ʽӣӢӺ٣ĵ֮٣ûС
ͷӿĵ㳡ȷ˱裬Ҷ˵̫ҫ֪һжǸƣҪĿģΪӪξ񣬸ΪˣߵľͷΪޡڰǰ
Ժֻһ޴ͷʲôҫʲôţ̫࣬ΨдУʣµ׷
ؾȡ
һٶӣٹ㳡ʱ󲿷ֵӵĹעе꣬е⣬඼䳰ȷ
ʥʷϣδйμӹʽġ
Żؾڵӣع£ݵһڽ
ɽҶȣ̤ʥأͳΪʽӣϧ̫ʥؾ㿴Ǳǲѣϣؾȣ
źʥء̫ʥءʥɽţ˶ʣһǴͨߣ
ʰ£˵ʮڵʣ
ǰʮĸ֪Ĵʥأһɽŵӣϧ˶˵ʥµ֮Уͨһˣ
ô˼һžʽӣλƴͳԻؾȵݣμӽ
֮м
ǧҪңҪʥǰ¡ǰúðŵţڽ£
ٺ٣ûᣬֲɣ
ڶ
ҶȲʩչߣҲһɫȻѾûκΣȥںؾµӣĸֻ̣ܵͷ
عûڵڻؾȵϯú֮Ҷ㳡ǰ֮ȹ棬ڼܹ°Ū£ҶҲԼƣ֮С
һʼ˿󷨣ѡӡ
صϯҶһɨΧФ뼸ϣصϿգΧȻһЩʥصӣΪĦţȺ֮Уȴʼ
ȻҲ̫ʥءʥءʥصļٵӡ
ʥض˵ӣκζͨǣﵽʥأͺãѰһᣬ纺ơ֪ҵĶһѵĺûᣡ
ҶȸȷҪڴһչֶεľġ
ˡ
ϯ̨һߣһͭࡣ
صȺ֮лصӣ
ʼ֮ǰһ¹򣬲ɱֻǵʧһòȡκαֶΣһ֣ʥأǱߣõӦһ׳Ϊʤߣʤһ׳񵤣ʤĴԽ࣬õĽԽḻһܵӢעΪǼĶ󣡡
һ£ͷź˵
ʱܶʽӣԳĦȭƵļв񼶱׳񵤣ͬ˵ж󣬲Զ
ɼӣ߶ӡ˲ϢʮƷɳ
Ȼڹ㳡ΧɳʮʽӣŮҶȼ֣ԭҲС
㳡һĽ磬ʮӣԶʩ֮ͭ죬һӣѸٹԷ
ȭֶΣֻһʼͷŵһâ۶
вȻ²񣬸߼ʮΣžŽͷųȫԽգԾĸ߶ȣ
ϸĿ⣬ɨһֵвӣöԱȣѿвԪٶȡӦȷ棬ԳԽ²񣬻һǰ㣬λ²񣬵ֲһλвһС
ве߼̫࣬вԪ߶ҲȻߵӦĸ߶ȡ
֣ԭȽʤȴһֱɲμӵڶ֣
ֻǰʱʮˣ֣ԭΪ׵ĵӣȡʤ֣ԭȡʤ׾٣Ԫٶȵȷ棬ȫԽ֣صŵӡ
ˡ
ϯִ̨߶ʮƣҶû뵽ԼϢƳֶɲǣؾȵΧʽӶҶȡ
վ룬ӣ롣
عûκζؿҶԶȥ
Ф֣˵ĲҶǸѵõţŶ̶ʮ꣬Ȼﵽλ
ϷƯļϣһЩߣʮˣ׷׿Ф̾Ҷľ硣
²Ǳĵ˵ʮҲοɽ磬û֣ܶԵʥصڴ𣿡ФֵúȻ·ҶڵΪȻȻ
ǸɽҶȣ½ᣡ
½Ȼ㲻ţȴҲжλвʵ̫ˣ½˸ˣ
ӣꡣ
󲿷ֵӣĿȻҶһڵĽ硣
½ʦ֣룡Ҷʩ
Сģ½Ტδƣ֮вƣʼ
ҶҲͷλ²ƣԷһȣ֮һǾˣһǸոճδѧ·ĺӡ
ˡ
ͭ࣬죡
½һ̤˫ִӡֻʮ͸žԪΧ֣ݼҶȡ
һ̣ӵ򣬶Ҷȵϡ
ʣҶǱɣ衣
ٵĿ⣬뿴ʥţһʲôǵķ档
޻Ӱ
ٶȼ죬ֲʮҶ˲俪ʼӡʩչһ־ѧ֮
һĻˣҶȾȻһ޵ʮ֮У뽣չͷ
Ҷƫƫûܵκ˺Χ


1701 ɽķâ2

㳡Ӵ㵡̾Ϣĺ
ʲôͨ
һӦģȻҶȶ֣½ᡣ
Ҷȵź󷽽Ҫ۷Ӧһ䣺ɽһҵռֻͨɽû뵽磬ʩչҲ˵Ӧ֣
ɽ
Լֻɽ
½զѡ
ʦ֣Сģ
ʮ۷Ҷȡ
ӹע£оһУΧҶת
ϢʧҶٴδ߶֮Ȼһͬսʿ˫ֿʼӡÿһӡ֮ʽӣ̾Ϊֹ
ûûǶλ²񣬾Ȼӡһһ
ҽӡٶȣһ㶼İʮִ죬Ҫܴﵽ
˷ӵľ̾
ݡ
ٿȻҶΧӿʮȻ޷ﵽ½õƣȴҲ͸Ҷ˫һӣ
¡
˫һ𣬷ƣҶȱȱƷԶ֮󣬼½һƬ𣬴Ӱֱѹȶ

ȻԷʩչһٶȼ죬ҶҲӡһ磬ˣֻɶߣΪ磬
û뵽ѱŵĻﵽ߶ȣв񣬿㾳̫ɣǾĲ࣡
׶Կ½ϿգһӡΧӿһƬһƬӰףȼš
ҶͷŵıﵽҲһɿ⡣
̫࣬ˣ
۸˰
ʱ˿̡
ؾһٶӣ׷վ۸ߺΪҶƽ
عû˵һ֣ɫһЦݣþü֮䣬ƺҶȵı֣ҲС
ʲô۸ˣǼӣûдﵽʽӣ̨ѵǣԽʵЩ˶𣿿ЦЦ
ǣжˣܳΪʽӣ
ΧʽӿʼЦؾȣӻؾȵӲǾţһҪؾȺÿ
̨չֻʵѵ鲻ɣ
Ϸ
֮Уʮ߲㣬׷׿ФһҶչֵľʵŻҶף²úܾͨ죬ʵҲﵽвλ²ʵȴﵽ˰˽λŽλ²߶ȣФ֣Ϊʥأһر
Ф治ɫֻ΢΢ΪҶģ׵ԶλвȻģʼԼյ߶ȣѾԳΪʽӣ
˵ϣʲôֶΣ߲𽥿Ҷƥ
΢꣡
½ԽӴ
˫ֿʼӡһӡͬв㣬ɲǣʮӡϣȻ½ߴȻһƬǹ˸ꡣ

ԽԽܼȼյ֮С
ˮ˻𡭡Ҷʦܣ㵹ҵӦ԰취ҲﵽλвΪôҵȻᱻ΢꽽𣬻ܷӳв΢꣬ҵͨҲᱻ⣡
½԰ЦݣȻûеһʱʩչȥҶȣȻ꣬޶ԣӺԼž޴ģҲţλ²ʩչѹ
ʱӣһĻ
ͣ
ϣѹһƣ֮Ƭ̼
ȻҶȵ½ᡣ
ȫӡ֤ķ򣬵ͽʤ˸߽²Ҳܴﵽвĸ߶ȡ
㳡ķٴһ꣬˶ѾȻҶչֶĳƿأչŵֶΣϾвĶ֡
ֻƵҶȣȻʼӡһЩɵϢָ⣬ҲһɵɽϢҪâ
ҵĶ֣ĪҪʩչɽҶʦܣɽȻһ޴ޱߵ磬Ǹĸ߼磬ʶԶ磬ɽĶ֣
½ҶͷɵϢЦֹһΪҵƣĿУҶȲĶ֣ͽ͵ģһʼĳĬչֱα׽磬ȫһĻ
ɽشﲩ֪δ̤ɽ磬еĶѷɫҶȼԷӡڼ
Ǿʥ˫۾ĿԴɣ콵
½ſ˫ۣӿһɹɵâǰ׾޴Ȼһž޴ĴֱͻͻͻҶѹȥ
½ᣬǶɱע
٣ǣеӵġ
ϯ̨һߣһϣ
λ·ģƸͣҶʦʱһ½ᴣգ¶Цݡ
ˣ
˶£ȻעƲΥ²вĶ֣ǳƳ飬ûУﲻ֡
ƣ
ĺȻ
Ҷȵ֮Уɽķâ׵ƣ£̧ͷֱֳ
볤ϣ̲סΪ֮꣬Ҷסƣɲͷųġ˵ɽһϰ
ͻͻͻ
Ȼ䣬һâɽϢƵľˣסҶȣ˸ߴɣۣ͸һµϡ
Ŷ
ոµĴӣ۾
ʥصϢ̺ͨʥأһڵϢô£
Ͽգʮ߲㣬ɶǸΪĴһӣӦǿԸӦҶȵľˣ̺ʥأڵϢ
˵Ҷȵͨʥйأ˵ʥء
ФҶɽʱʥɽʥɽкĹϵĪͨ½ʥأһĿˣФϡ
һȻͷˣ
ҲҶ½ʥعϵжܣҲδʣڿ̺ͨʥڤڤ֮УڵϢȷʥأ޷͵ԵĿԴѣ
ФҲһĪչȴǺ档
Ȼ󣬸߲Ŀ⣬׷׶Ҷȵϡ
ƣ
ҶȻӶ˫֣ӡٶȣ޷壬ƺ磬ȴںӡ

˵ۣŰ٣ʼһƽһȻһɻ磬ֱ֮㼯һ磬ײȻ֮Уֱһգձ˺ѡ
֣
ٴλӶһɾ޴֣ϵתƬ½ϯȥ
ܣܣ½Ѿ޷Ӧ
Χӣһվ󲿷½һ飬Ǿ㵣֮Ǽ֤漣벻ܣ²񣬾ȻԿв
ƣ
½˲ӡһһץһһɳͨסԾŹ֣һȥвƣͷųͬͻʳ
Ҫ
ʽӣͲ½һն֣ǱȻվ½һߣҪΪʽӼ͡

޷ԤϵһĻֲˡ
ֵͨȻǿµײƣ½ֳ񽣣նʱٿȻһתһɾ½ֱɣǱڰշڡ


1702 
֮ʣѪҪΣȴֵüϵ˺
·˺ѵ֮С
ҶȻţ۾ˣʧ߿յӦ֪ɽ֮ĵ磬ȻǾͨ
ؾȣҶʤϯȴڶֿϯ̨һܵ𾪵Ĺ£벻ԼʽӣȻؾȵӴܡ
вʣǵñִʤһ
Ҷʦܣ
ؾеվӭҶȿ飬ͬսӢۣΪʤߣΪؾȣ˾޴
һӪӣӣ͸԰ЦݣΧ֣ԭʼ³죺Ǹ֣ʦ֣һ֣֪ʽӵһʽӣһְҵֹǲŹһҲúýѵ
֣ԭĿڻؾȷ򣬳ĬƬ̣һν˵ûжλвΪۺԪĴã޷ģǴﵽλҲСˣôҲһɽ÷ˮ
һȣô˵²У޵еģ
Ƽпܣ֮ʽ֮Уû²񣬿֤ʵ֮ҶСģڶ֣һʵҶȵ·߲˶ã֣ԭʾ˰ۿı
ˣˣ
Ͽգ
ʮ߲㣬ȴ·ЩӣҶʤе⡣
ϣչֳһֵοЦݡ
һϵ䱦һͨɽ̺ͨһֻصĴû뵽½֮еˣ˲˼ֻشʥأϵ룡
˵֮ԱֳҪҶͨʥ֮С
ͨһ²֮УʵǱʥأκεĸ߼Ф֣ǵϴҶȣһ߲㣬Ф
ФһĪҪʥأ
Ф֣ѵ𣿡
Աһɽĳϣ˵㿴Ҷȣ²λȻܿ죬ֻ²֮У²ʲôֻдﵽϲ񣬲һ֣Ҳ룬һ죬һҶȱʥػƿأֻ뿪ʥأôȥʥأжӰ죿
һߣո˵ĳϣĪ˵һټ磬ڵΧôҲм֮Уδƿֻ֮뿪Ƭ֮磬ǾͲΣǲúֻ֮ͨȥ
Ī֣˵ģȴФҲòԱλƣ֮ϵĳϡ
Ī򣺡еʱʥش֮ǰǱϣΪʥأʵҲΪҶȣͨȻᱻʥ̫ϵӣΪĳϣʥشãҪӣֻشֶһֿܣ
ФҲֲ˵һԸðɣװɣôڳҲụ̋ʥ˿ţ
ڸ߲㶼ͬ⣬·ǵĿ⣬ʱʱܻᱻҶ
Ծôȡʤ
ؾȡ
ΧӶҶȣӢ۵Ŀ⣬ķʽӣ޲ðҶȳԵպ룬Ծһӽ֣ȡʤҶֳƿ졣
һֱ𽥽ӽβعҲڿڣıýЩЩλвӣԪʮۺǲȡʤֱӷɣûеӣʸָ㣡
֤ԼһʤѲҪҶȵصϢޣɫȻͲһӸþеơ
ˣ
ͭٴ죬ϯ̨ϣ£ִ߶󷨣ڲǧƣϵط裬Ȼɳʮơ
ˣ
Ƹոշ룬Ҷϱͷһ⣬ؾȵӣΧʽӴ⣬û뵽ڶֲſʼҶȱҪϳ
ĲҶɴݵ롣
ಣ
ӣһһ
ҶȸոǰʱһŮӣŮƮ
üһɨŮòҶоͿһ£ֱʮһͨĹʥһǧ꣬ΪӵһλвֱвĽλңص󡯵ĵӣһʦ
ʮӣ̫ϵӣԼϣһЩ߲㣬ûм¼⣬ĵӣм¼
ǰŮӣҶȼ²ĵ֮һ
ΪԷǵһʦ

ÿʥأÿʦĴڡ
صһĵֻˣҵھӢĵ̫ϵзָԳΪӣעһΪĵӡ̫ϵӡ
һΪ𣬵ʦʦʦǲɻȱģʥأҪӡ
Ҷʦܣ񣡡ȭԵô󷽶
ʦ㣬񣡡֮ҶȿʼϸϸӦʵ
ĽλвҶȸӦϢ˸оأĽλﲻһƽ״̬Ҳ˵ԷʵԶԶֹڴˡ
Ůʽ֮Уһ֡
ֻʦһע棬Ǻܴơ
ˡ
ͭ࣬ٴ졣
²Ҳ۸㣬ҲС㣬öλ棬ܴ½ʦܣȷЩֶΣ
ɲǼ䣬͸ķâҶȸо⡣
ӦһֹմŮӣֳƣȫһʿķâ
ĵ۹ɽ硢ȫͬ
׵
ӡᣬ˫֮䣬˸⣬Ѹ˳ſ죬ͷ͵֮Ҷȡ
ף
ͬӡֻһֲͬѣҶΧҲּףպ˺ҧһ
ȫĶ֣ʩչͨ
ɲǣҶȾԷܱ࣬עġ
ʱʱ̶̿ڱչССˣɲöԸƣ
ʮӡУͷųȻһɿµ磬˲ɨߵף׸ߣ־Ҷȡ
ಣ
Ҷʩչ֮õܿµ磬ʵڹٶ̫죬ҶѾ·ˡ
ҪܣҲܰܵǡ
ƣ
һΣҶͨˣͬʱĳһƣӡٶȣ֮ǰΧ磬׷ױĪ𿪣һ֮
û뵽ͨ˲ñȫ
һνӡһΣʮ磬һ˫˺Ѵ֣ϯͨˡ
Ҷȼĳۣ֮ͨȫֻ֣ǶԿƬ̣ͨ˱ߣʼ飬ҶҲֱӱɳ硣
ʤϯ̨

֮⣬ҶɵأֶһĨЦݣףתؾȡ
һȻˣҵʵ˿ûѹȡ˵Ԫж񣿶ǰܣԶ
Ų⣬ûЦݣƵ뿪硣
ҰˣҶعǰ
ʱץãܾˣ
عȻǸƵı飬ְҶȭͷ֮ϣ΢΢һѹҶصһ¡


1703 ʥصҪ
ȽУԾֱڵֹڸ߽в֮֡
δعȻҶȼ
Ҷȴɻع뿪ӣĿλ׳񵤣ҶȣǱõĽ
عʹҶȷص𽥿ʥӲӵʥ
ɻ󣬼ʥԽҶȱ̲סʵ֪ʥظ߲㣬ټк⣿
չһţʥо޴ϵͨʥػӶعڴʱԵЩ쳣ࡣ
ʥظ߲㣬ҪƵ⣿
һȴҲҶ֮С
ƣΪ֮ɣʥеĸ߲㣬ϣʥԵţʥҲصΣֻйصͨʥȻע
ʱҶعٴ̤ɽȻͽϣδﵽʥҲ߲վʥȴ
ФҲУҶһɨ߲ʮˣǸ߲ʵǿòһǰ㣬κҪԸ׶ӡ
ʦܣ
ڸ߲㣬عʩ񣬽Ŵˣһʥ֮С
ʥվԵʮֶ࣬һ߲㣬Ŀ⼸޷ƿҶȡ
Ҷȣ
Ƭ̣ФվҶǰи߲ʵ½һսʩչͨԺδ
һ˫˫Ŀ⣬ҶԵʮ־нصǵӣɽ磬ʥأһαչʱһʥص֮Уģ˵ҲǣûֲŻоΣֻɲǣԺ֮Уƣ
½ķ֧߲㣬׷̾Ϣһ
ֻعûж쳣ФҲǺһĬ
ȷʥشңʵΪɽ磬ӵ޷ԤϵǱƴң˵ȡӲֶΣҽеһоѧ
ʱ˿̣ڸ߲ı飬ٶҶѵõ϶˸뷨֮ʥز֮ء
ͬԺֻһ̤塣
ʥػԺԺǰҶȵһԱʥشһʼʹ̣Ҷӵеľѧ
Ҷȣʥش㲻ɣţʽӣ㿴ؾЩӣжˣܳΪʥصĵӣ
һֳĪڵʮƺܸӣʮʥأʥֻеȸ߶ȣһֱʥسԽΪʥصӣǲӦΪʥҲǿǣ
ǵӷ֮£Ҷȵ϶
Īĵĵֳ徢Ҫʵжƣʥźܴã룬ʥظ֣ƣʥصλǻ𽥳ԽΪʮһʥأ
ͨǵ֮еõġٴҶȣҶ˵ôһӣͰǿͨ
Īζһ̾гϣ໥ףֿҶȣ֪Ѵʥؿ㱣֤ƽʥأͻᱻӡֻи߲ʸȥӽԲУʥػΪƣʥɽʵʥأΪʥصӣҲʥطɣӴˣ㲻ʽӣҲӣòԣֻҪһͿΪӢӡĵӡ̫ϵӡǳϣֻʥضı֤֮һ㽫ӵ̫ϵӵĲȨе㶼ȥ磬̫ϵֻҪͬ⣬ͿУ㷸ʥҲ̻㣬һ仰Ӵĵλ̫ϵӲ࣬ʥػȫ㣡
𣿡
ȨλÿӣҪġ
Ҷ͵һϸϲ޷ء
ٶи߲㿴¶ɵģ
ƣҪ֪ʥأʮˣӵƣӵ뿪ʥأȥ֮ʣΣգֻҪ߶ƣʥػһʱ㣬ʥ֮У̫ϵҲ㣬ֻгʸʥأһ²񣬾ӵƵĵӣ
һ߲㣬ǡôóһڲͬƣҶȡ
ҶУһͷʥشӣͬĸŮͽӡ
ƣҶȻӶ˫֮ʱΧʮ߲㣬Χ˫ۣ׷ó
ֻعһֱûκξֹһԴţ񶼲һϵ

һ̰ĸ߲㣬ҶȵǺأؽƵӡһ׵ʩչÿһ߲㣬ڼ¼
Լٵӡ֮һӰ۾ˣ˲ϢҶȣʥ֮У͸ױȵ
ԣ
߲Ǽӽ¼ӡ໥˶ԣҶԵЩ飬޷֧ţӰٿȻʧ
ҴʥأĿ׳񵤣λŽλһһţһλ̤²ŽλĪһ֣׳񵤣ӿҶȡ
Ӹм
ץס׳񵤣Ҷȱֵ൱ļ
ĪֵúŬﵽвͿ뿪ؾȣصʵⶼһ̣˵ӣݣﶼȥã
ʦܣҪúտҶȣʥ˾޴Ĺף߲㣬ʼع
֮عʹҶ뿪ʥ
ɲǼ䣬и߲ʩչһӡʱһԿռ
ʮ߲㣬ʼӡһַһٶȡ
ܿ죬һ۾ˣһ߲⣬Щǿ۾ˣǿ޷ݣҸߴʮɣ͸Ÿͻơ
ƣͨȻףͨʥʥأ˾ͨ
߲Ǽѡ
ؾȣ
ɰ͸һݹ¼š
عҶƮģ£δû˵ʲôĵݲ裬ҲҶһ
Ҷȸо֮ǰʥһٶʵعɣƽʱԼһ
ΪȨλȫһˣعص²͸Ҷȵ뷨ҲһЩ
ҲţΪνӣԼȨĽһС
ȻعŲ㣬ֱӾ͵һ䣬ҶȸоΣյĻŵҪǰ˵ģʥδ㣬öҪΥʥصϾʥأʥص֣һܷۣɳĵط
Ҷ쳣侲ĵ˵ļǣûʥأ񻹲֪Ǻ״̬ҶȵȭģԶ֮ˣֻҪʥضԵӣʵڹֵľٶǾԲΥʥأ˵κ鶼໥ģѽƣʥҪԼģ
ƣǷĴԹޣ
֮عһ⣬ҶȵȻֹ
Թޣ̸ϣɽ磬ʥɽ˹ϵ׷ҲʶΣҾͶʥأһиУͬУߣʥɽӹʵҰʥأԭ
㵹˵
ǵ˵ʵƣҲӶʥصһͶ״ֻҪʥƴӣҲΪʥ룬ȻҲϣʥأжĥɱ¿ҪҶûԤϵǰǱǸƽӹĵӣʱܲˣʥء
·Ҳʥһλ߲㣬λ޷볤ϱȣҲȫ㣡عŴδйĶɫ˵


1704 
йⷬӾͷˣҶٴι
ȻѳΪӣԺҪȥͲʵ֪ңȴ±Ҫ֪ͨңȥɣعͷʼϸϸƷζԲƮ㡣
̧ͷҶ뿪ġ
ɽٸԪɽ񣬴඼ǲŻ֮ҴҶϣ߰µĵģɽ磬Ǿߣ磬ȷСǵľģʥسϣ޷֮ȣһʵɳ
عһֱڵİգֱٴεͷ
ľ¥¥
󷨣׼֮ҶȾͿʼȻƽͣûһ˿䣬Դħ֮ҶȸоԼʱʱ̣̿ǹž޲
ƣڽƣʵƻ֮Уʥأʱʱӣȸһͷ
ǲʹ˷󻹻עϣʲôʥ
ڣٶҶȣģһڣҶץʱ䣬ɳĻڡ
ĪϸĿ׳񵤣кܴãˮħûˣʬҲһգֻʣ׳ԼеҲҪһЩӡ֮ȻҪȡðԪ񵤣׳ȥٹƸӸ߼а񵤣
һƻ֮ҶʼУһЩֿ֮ʼӿȡ
ǵ֮ҶȻǶʱо޴İڣҶȸо֮ӵеѾԽؾŽλ²׳񵤵
ﵽвϲҲ˵ڵĵҶȴﵽϲ񣬾Ҫʼʧȥ󲿷á
٣ڿ԰ҶȲϵ̤߽ס
չһ֮Ҷȷλ׳񵤣һЧЧʮԣȻƣҶڸһ⣬Ȼعڣʼɳؾȡ
Ҫ뿪ʥأԪ񵤽׵ȡƸԪ񵤣ܿʼԴ
ǰȻһڽ֮УҶȣҶóƣͨҶȷɳʥء
ûع죬Ҷȷеٶȣ˰أϴعȥĳǳأ˼칦򣬵ҶȶԷУȴ˰ʱ䡣
Ԫ񵤣Ҷڳǳ֮УһЩ̻ϢȷǳأԼʮӵġ̻ᡱ
ҶȻһͷͬһͨȥ㳡̫˷ʱ䣬ֱ̻Ǣ̸Чá
ǳأֻһ̻ᡣ
λڳǳ룬ֵ㼯֮Լʮ㣬һâĿ
Ҷ²ݽ̻ᣬܵ󲿷˵䳰ۡ
̻ᣬһ¥ϢֻһЩ»ܣϧƷṩ˹͡
¥ǽ
Լһٶˣ¥¥Ҳв
ҶϸϸĬһ󣬼һͨߣվ¥ǣ˫֣һϢȻѰ
߼Ҷֱ¶һɻȭЦ֪кҪ
ǰģҲģ֪ǰɲһЩ񵤣Ҷ񣬴˵
Ŷ
Ȼ⣬Ҷλ²һƽͷգȻڣƣǸˣȴҶӵвһĿ⣬٣̻ܿᣬ˲ͨĹԱ
ǰ񵤣Σ
ֱץԪ񵤣ݸߡ
߽ӹ֮ͷŵԣ߶ҩΧƣȻԪ񵤣͸Ө͸âڲ磬ʣһûж쳣飬ֻƽصͷԪ񵤣һλ²ȼҩЧȷ棬ַҲʮֵĴ죬Ʒʲֻǵȼ̫ͣﵽвԪ񵤣Ʒö
Ŀǰò߽Ԫ񵤣λµ񵤣ףǰǷ⣿Ҷʡ
ǿ£һЧҲ֪һ²޷̻ᣬҲ޷Ǯֻдֵͼ񵤣ΪԼĺӷãʳã⣬̻żߣ񵤣ȴķɣÿٿƷʯļ۸Ԫ񵤣Σ
ɽһʮţ
Ҷȸûּۻ۵ʱóһУݸߣֵǰϣʮ񵤽׵ʯΪͨҪ̺
ĪԪ񵤣ԼƵģ˲һɫҲú
ƣϧû̫ԴֻôʮԪ񵤣ҶҲʵûʸԷ̡
Ϸǲ㿴ˣԵƬ̣
ϷűУ֮С
Ҷǳ˿Щףֻ̻ۣҪıֵô̻ע
Ҷȣ
תصλȴ
ͻȻһŮӾ㵵һ
Ҷ󷽿ȥȴһµĺŮǰãصϣܵ
Ժ⣬ӾȣһλԱƺйʲôף˵˼䣬ùԱ뿪ҶǰƳһۣ˵ĵ²̻᣿
ôʦ㣬ҾͲ棿ҶȾ;ˣöԷһʥصͬŵӣҲԻرܡ
ˣɽ硭
ͻȻʲô˸ϻ۵Ŀ⣬΢΢Ҷȣǲɽ磬õı
»治ûش̵ʦܾͲʦʱ䣬Ҫ棬ʦæɣ
㲻ش𣿡е˵ζ
Сѣ
ʱպ򿪣ʲôЦݶ
Ŀ⣬ҶϣͣƬ̣ͱ˲¶ЦݣʱģҲǰ˱
Ҧүү
ȥ˵ֱۣͷ˵ҶȣؽɴʣүүҶʲôɲ֪Сӿ϶һǱ
ʦ㡭
£Ҷɵˣû뵽Ȼ̻йϵɲݣɽݣ֪
ǰɣݣǱ֪¶ˣ⣬㵨ʥ˻㣬Լңͱɱˣ
ָĮı飬Ȼߡ
ҲŪĪҲʲôʼҶȣӣҲʥصĵӣ
үүɲ򵥣λ²ľ磬ǰãʥر֮ϣ˶λв񣬶һݣүү֪һص˵Եúܵ⡣
Ŷ¾ˡ
үүǰң˵Ҽûʥأµһɽĵӣ
Īǡ
ֻһ仰߾¶㵡ȵı飬ͷҶȣϷ֣꿡ܣʧ֮۰
ʦ㣬ҵݣʥһֱҪӻġҶеˣͬΪʥصӣǳӦصŹ档
ʲôҲ£ҦүүҵĳԼˣʥصӣҵүүܲݣ¹ɣүүǰɣһνģ
˵㣬ҶСѣҽȥң
΢΢Ҷȼһ֮ͬС


1705 뿤
ڲһǹңޱȣûκ˴š
ʾҶ£ԱߣҽܵϷҦף̻ܹ֮һ
ôʦ㣬̻ĹϵҶȵд
ǡҦүүһүңãҡҲ̻ļͷ֮һ
ԭˡʥأɷ֪ʦ̻Ĺϵ
Ȼֻ֪֪ĿʮҲʮʱˣӦ֪֮ڣʥԽκεĵ۹ֻ޷ʥȣ
ʦΪҪʥأίԼ
һ׵⣬ҶԺʳ
һЩΣǷԻʹ簮µĽݣʧȻҲйʥأҪ֪Ĺүʵۣʥ֮Уһʲô
̻ʮ̻֮һǼ֧֣ʦݣҲûٱҪʥأʦֻһŮӡʦ̻ڣȻ׵õؼʦʥصѧٻص̻ᣬ߼ؼɣ
㡭
֪͵վҪͷƣҶѹǺúýѵһ١

Ҧ£شЦݣ֮Ƶɽߣɽѱ˰Ԫδһ̤磬ҶСˣȴˣҲ뿴ҶСɽ磬һͳ۹С£ɽǿ䣬жϵĿС뿪ʮҶСȴ֪ȥٵɽʱա
ߡ²ǶŭһĨɱԽԽҦһѹţ˵Ҷȶ֡
ҦֿҶȣСֻǾ̫ͣľϷ޷ȣϷһֻ뿪ʮΣֻǼʶһǡ
ǰǫ飡ҶȹͻȻ뵽һЩҪ⣬պã취ھõʱǰΪϸԪĩݣ
޷ش㣬ŵķ棬һӾͰˡҦ˵ԵúʵԴҶȵɫѾû֮ǰǷĮ
̻ʮĴ̻ᣬ֪а취ɽ𣿡
Сѣػɽ磬Ϊδ룬Ϸ벻㻹˵ؽ󣬿ϧϷȻ޷㣬Ϊû֪ɽİ취̫䣬ʮּ̣
ƿݽȥ˺δ
ݺ󲻾ãʹʧˣӦûȥߵԪʼȥˣݣҲûбҪ

⣬õ𰸵⣬Ȼһòش
Ҷڵ飬ܵ䣬ɽӵһУˡѶ޷ҵصɽİ취ôǣɽĹ֮С
Ҧ׿óҶ䣬ȴͣˣҶҲһİοһݽΪˣСѣţģҲΪʱȥѰҴ𰸣׶ˣϷʮڣһ֣ݽ̫ңԶ޷ʲô
һҶ𵽺ܴãһЦԾʵ֪̻ᣬɲѰˣ
Ȼԣ̻ᣬиҵѰԼϢȵȣǱеҵ񣡡Ҧ׵ͷ
ǰѰһΪȻֻǾŽλв񣬵ͨƿߣƸԪ񵤣Լ񵤣ʱʳͣ
˲վĿ⣬Ҧ
û⣡ҦϾʹӦˡ
ô
һֱ˶ԻѹƶҶɱ͵վҶȵһ￴
ҶСѣҪ
Ҧװһö䣬Ҷȣ͵ҶСһЩкܴԪ񵤣ֻһλ²ַܴ죬յĺܺãǴﵽв񣬶Ǹ߼񵤣
ȻҲ
Ҧ׼͡
޷š
ҪڷܣԼഫյͨأһǧ꣬ܽ뵤ѧϰ֮ҶȲŽʥأʮѣȻѾƳ񵤡
ʮľֲҶʮĹ
ֱԳݣ뱳ȫҶȵС
ҶȽ͵ԵúΣʦ㣬㲻˰ɣʦٲã뵱꣬ɽ֮ʱҲоƹһЩɵȲ񵤣磬񵤣Ҳᳵ·ʵãҲͼ񵤣
Ԫ񵤣
ҦóһţҶƵԪ񵤣
ߵӡһʮۺ񣬿ʼԪ񵤣ֿʼ˿һ㣬񵤵ƿƣγһ£Ȼ񵤵ڲʱ۾ֱѾȷҶȵ
һѧϰȷȲҶСѵ飬оʵƣҶСӵоƣǲܱȵģ
ҦջԪ񵤣ģܴǴ
ߡȻ
ǰʹ˸ǣ´ζԪ񵤡Ҷ̹ҦҲҶ뿪̻¥
صơ
ĸϣʥѧ֮Ȼص̻ᣬܳΪ̻ĺģԲ񵤣̻ᣬȻᳬԽ̻ᣬûУҶȣƵĵҩȷкܴƣ㻹Ҫúùһѧɹ̻Щõύ㣬ΪʮһʦδҦζĶ
һֱĬţ֪ûаⷬȥ
뿪̻Ҷȣȥ㳡
Ȼһջ񣬵õһЩͨʬ壬һЩǿ԰Ҷ̤λ
£ҶȲŻصؾȣǸոռعδߵľ¥ͷӣ͵͵ԶȥҶȼ̸ӦһŮӣ
һعʥص
֪ʲôҶľ¥ո̤룬ͼһµһƣĺȵøҶȣ˽񵤣
ֻ֪ҶȼΪΣһһŮˣ֪ϸŮˡ
һ仰ʵҶ֪ŮΪβǡ
ݺָ֣Ҷһ㣺ҪعԼʥصţ淢㣡
вң
Ҷʼ磬޿ֵ£ʦ㣬װɣҪ֪Ҳ֪ʥأ֪ʥصĿģô
㣡ʲô˼ݣҲвŲţһ߳ʥأҾͻԴš
ҪҵͷϣҶš
ޡ޳ܣˣ΢΢һû뵽Ҷȷвһ˰ڳо֮ͽеúģ
ҶЦʦ㣬ܾˣ治õĽ淢ңָ淢㣬ñ˵ʥأҶԲ˺ùӣ
˫ֲŤСһ˿ʤϲãȻ£Ȼ£ӽԺҺ飬ң񵤣
ԭͻȻõĿġ
һҶȼνЦЦɫͳĵǿԣҿһ㲻Щҿɲʵ


1706 
⸱ģ͵˺󼸲·ҪὣʱҶһ
СŮģҶȰհֵǷǣ˵ܼ򵥣Ҫ飬ȻԣƵ񵤶ҵģҪϣ㶼޳ףУȥ̻ᣬܳ乫乫˼㶮ɣ
ߣֶΣƵ²񵤣̻ռˣ治֪̻жٵ̣ҵǿԽܣҲôӦһ㣬ʮ֮ڣѧһ֤Ƴһ񵤣
ʮꣿʦ㣬ţʥǧֳ꣬ɹΣ
ҵȷţڱǰվһţ𣿡
ǵ˱ԣ
˭ԣ㼸ȴֻһʮ꣬ƳԪ񵤣ѵʮܾ𣿶ԣڼ䲻֪ƶ񵤣
ããһΪ֮Լǧõ֪ʥ֮ڣҽʥأһĿģ໥Ҷ̣˭ãҶͷӦ˺
㵱ûԣֱţ֪жôǰΪǵˡ
ҪϢˣ֮ɣʽԵû˿㣬ΪЩЩ¼ɣװɶкøУңȻֻһ顭

û˵꣬תһʧ֡
̻ᡭû뵽ײύⷬϵԺͲ÷ˣʩչ󷨣ص¥ʼС
λһʱ䣬¼Դ׳񵤣ʵҶãǺܾˣֻ΢΢һԪ𽥴ﵽλҪУôϣƸõ񵤣硣
ڼ䣬Ҷ뿪ľ¥ָмµӽȴмӣ˿ޣδͨˣֻܱ߲Ĩȥм䣬ǿеʥء
ʮˣҶȸоؾȵȷһ뿪˽룬ܳΪʽӵˣʮ֮һ
֮
ҶȵĸӦ֮УһһŲӯ΢΢٣ʱʱɴ˿ﶯԼ
ȻҶһ¥ޱƳһۣź¥·ĵ
ϴ˿أʲôװҲûУҪҪҸһЩ£֮䣬һ׽ӲӵΣĽҲּԣ̳һȻ
ҶȹϾܾһ⣬Ȼĵɽ磬Ԫ񵤣ʵɺϣҪƸӸ߼񵤣Ҫ񼶵ĵİɣ
û⣡
ߺˬ죬ָһ㣬һһ֮תһâһǵ
ģһ񾵣ֻӰȻ̨㲻õ˿ӣһԸӦκεԪعǿߣҲ޷ӣ
ðɡϲȻһ׼ôԷĴ󵨵񵤡
ҪϣͨġġһЩϺò϶Уڸ㣬ҪסǲƳö٣ø³ҵĶǺõģִһö䡣
Ҷץס֮ͷԪһɨȻһʶԣ޴Դ㹻Ҫ񵤡
Ȱѧչһ飬Ƶ񵤣ﵽʲô߶ȣҶڰڳһʦģ˵
Ϊмǰӡڴܳóֲϡ
ҶֻǼϣ֪Ҫʲôҩƺ԰ʣĪѧ׳񵤵Ʒʽ
ⶼĳһǾޱȡ
óļϣֻ͸׳񵤣ӵмֱԴϢȻȻҪƵı׳񵤣Ľλв񣬿ѧ뾳׳񵤣
ˣȻĽλв񣬵ڵʵֻһλвԼ²е׳񵤣ܲ˼ؾּӵзõ²׳񵤣ԵƵģ뾳׳񵤣ϣϣ
㿪ʼɣ
δж⣬Ӳͬʽӣõ׳񵤣ȻǵͼеĴƷ
ͣ
ͷԪ𣬿ʼУ̱ȼգһӡ΢΢ƣмֲϣ𣬰Ѳϵʣɢȥ
ȻǺʵãݵķ
Ȼ̾ǲ࣬һȥϻΪҺ˱֮󣬿ʼҺƣγ˵̥
̥һɣԵЩæңԪûƽ⵽ѣЩæϣγһԺˮ̥˵һ̥̣Ƽӳ֣γɵ񵤡
ôϨƳ׳񵤣˲ٵԪ뾫Եúܵ⣬΢΢Щҫ
Ҷԣһһ㣬óһͬĲϣ
죬ǲ̾׳ֲϡ
ŵŵţ
߶ԪҶȵҽţȴʼŵ档
ǸΪ⣬δˣȻֹŹֵơ
֮أɴӦҾҪúñһҵ۾Űɣ
ýŵŵ棬һЦƣʼ߶ӡ˫ֺһֻɹĹ켣ͻȻһ㵤
꣡
һ̰Χвϡ

Ҷȼӿ˶ٶȣȻһֱ߶Ǽ֣һԵûȻҶĻǡôѲϣȵڻΪҺ
žƣҶȿûشһӡҺܿΪ̥Ȼƿʼ͸һӿ룬Ҷĳһɺ̥
ʱһžӨ͸׳񵤣ӵ֮ƯƵһһλв׳񵤣ӵԲ󣬱Ƽ̶
㡢㡢㲻Ǹոտһ׳񵤵ӡ˰ɣûκε԰ѾҶȾΪˣ̾ΪҶȻ׳Ƶ״̬
Ҫ֪ڵѧ꣬˵ĳɼҶȡ
ٺ٣ܣ⴫֮㲻òϣҵԶ㣬ҿ뾳Ӧ񵤣λ²׳񵤣أƳĽλвȼ׳𣿡
ץסԼƵ׳񵤣ҶһھȥоޱȣϣƵ׳񵤣ԵЧ
ңԵȲԴ԰ҲóҶӵ汾µġ
㲻ǿ𣿾ȴƿʼѧϰʱһ溰ģϵȥᷢҶһƨ£һʦ߸ϵ˵
ãʱ
һ𼱻ǵ¥ȥ
ļԲȶú֪ҵΪ
ҶȴЦ治ԸȥһĹֶ߶ʲô
ˣǿʼͰѶǸţøһѵʵ
£ӦûܻĳɣʱҲˣʼóĲϣƸ߼Ԫ񵤡


1707 λ
¡
ϣǽϺõģⲻǴ󷽣ҲҪҶȣʱӵжôĸԣ
ҶȲŲʼ߶¯óٵĲϣ¯֮УеĲϣɲһ˿
ƸӸ߼Ԫ񵤣ûˮħΣֻмǿȡ
ͣ
һƬȼţŲٲϣҶȾ۾񣬴ȼ֮󣬿ʼֳּʮݣȻֿʼ
ﵽһ̶ȣҺС˲٣ͷţҶȱ㿪ʼƣһݷҺҲʼγɵ̥ģ

һɺҶȵĿʮŵ̥

һſŵ̥Ϊһſ񵤣ҶȼʱƬƣֲһſ֮УȻΪתþӨ͸
λԪ񵤣֮һͻλ˰ɣ
¯Ҷȿʼóٵĵӡ֮ŶʮԪ񵤣һͬڡ
ˣ
ھ֮УѪԪ񵤵ҩѪϵطڣһʼγ棬Ҷȼš
ͨ²λôԪ񵤣϶޷ѹҩԱҶȵǿޱȣвҩҲʲô
ʼתγɾ޴ѭ״̬ԴϵͷԪ̫һӲ֮бںϵӡ֮Ԫӵİ磬ھİ
濴Ҷһ쳣ҲûУΪв׿γɵķ޵ͨڱ仯
ԴڴԪǣ£ͬգͷ⣬ɴֵӰڶ֮Уƽ
աŽ𵤣ѹħںΪ֮ڰӰҲ˽Զվߵ룬һС
ңҶҲִԪҶȵľ粻Ԫ棬ҶȵٶԽԽ졣
ԪȻ֮УкܶƬɣ˵ɽʱջСʱǿռƬƬϣֵһķâ
ˣλ۷壬ȡԴλ
״̬£ҶѾλ۷壬ƮʵоϵؽڣҶ׼λ
̻ᣡ
Ҧүү
ʥݣ̻ᣬֱ¥
ȻܹҦףֽ߳
ΪͻȻڣҦ׾Ϊ˴£Ŷʵ
ϲüң̲ססҦֱۣҴҶСϣѧľ裡
ҦһҲϲ裿
۵죬Ҧ£أصı֤ǰڵϰ˺üգջڸ̻ᣬҪүүһ֤
úãүүʱŬҦ׸°ͣ²Цݣʼڴݡ
ּһǰҦװףȻ˫һϣȫƵӣҽŽż⣬΢΢ڵϡ
ƣҦһʱǺǺ䲻ףҪʲôơʵڲóһŮϣ仹һ

׳ϣпʼдʵ߶ţ˫ֽӡϣܵȼ
ŵŵţ
һĻʵҦԽԽͿ
һŽţһֵ߶ţЩӺ濴ȥƼΪªŸЦĶ߶
ӣǼǵŵŵŵĶ
䣡
ͻȻȫȫƵҲΪǾɢˣ޷ԪһӡûмʱᣬոҪɵĵ̥Һȫɢ׹뵤޷ֹס
ۡ
һĻѪӿһѪľ

Ҧһǰҧ˫ɱ᣺ҶȣģȻƭңϰֿЦƣҺûи߼ĳҲ
ǲֵҶȣóĹӣ۸˼ңҦһ¾Ϳıʡ
˭ϹԹҺҸû꣡
һֱϰĿſЦĶͲҦףת˲Ѫ
Ҳ˺úù̹ܽܽ㣬Ȼ治֪ж󣡡ҦҡҡͷȻ֪Ҫʲôģ뿪˷䡣
ž
ؾȣ
ڣͻȻһǿңOO@@
ֻҶһȥѪ״̬״̬ǺܿѪʧͷһɶǵ⻪
˳̤λλҾ̤вһ룬̤ʥأҲӽʮ꣬ȡ̤ŽλһҪս飡
ۿ𵤣ԴȽȽƳ̫ԴƯڽ룬ԪԴϵת
ʮ꣬һλѸ͵̤λٶȿ޷ݣΪвϲ񶼲⡣
ԪֿʼҪʥظļ׳񵤣ڶһЩ
̷һλ׳񵤣ϴĵӣ֮ҶֿʼԪѭ״̬
ŶˣҪһ
ߣȻߣѾԸӦؾȴŵһУϸؾκոɢøӦһϤϢؾȡ
ಣ
ҶȻʧʣһӡĵķƯڷա
ʦ㣡
һʦ㿴ܸˣδŭĪҶʦֳˣìˣ
ؾڣһЩӣ׷ӭԶ
ͳͳȥȻ֪һʩ񣬷ͷвһɨӣŵûص
ŭֱ֣ľ¥ץһ񽣣¥Ҫ֣ڿһˣƯķһģĿ⣺ʦ㣬Ҷȿɲӣʦ㻯ɸΪ񲯣Σ
ͷ
ﶯһ£ڷ֮ϡ

ҶȵӰâŷ飬ֶ
ô˭ԴңһҶȣŭգʲô񽣣һһҶӰ𽥳ѺۣӰһ󷨡
꣡
ʮ֮ҶȵӰڻĽ¡
ŴʧҶȣƺŭʧ˲٣ΧٲҿҪ涯ɱˣ
ԣʦҪ֤һͷҶ޵شΧ˵
ã·һƥ
ಣ
һǳâֶҶȴ߳
ž
ɲǣƣֱȥ
ϧǳâʧҶֳһȻʩ񣺡ʦ㲻Ǳ֤ٶ֣ôʦҲˣ
ֻ˵һͷû˵㼸ƽޣŭֿʼ޲ðҶһ߷ɡ
ǳâʧҶȵʦ¿Ա֤ʦ㲻֮󣬾ͻƳ뾳Ӧ׳񵤣
ˣֶΡҷǰˣȥιڳᡣ
ιιè⣬ֻҪʦúʦܺǣռҶȰ⣬Ц˺ü


1708 ɭ
һŮӣҶȼЩεͷʵΪǣס
ǹ̻֮һҶȽķչҪԡ
Կʼ˰ɣҶЦӭ
ŭʧĬƬֱ̣򵤶
꣡
Ҷһ֣ھͳһ𣺡ҪģеΪһʦҪ취õʮֲ𣬶ֻһظѭḶֻ́Ҫ¹򣬳յģ
Ȼ̸ЩЩ磬ܾõôĿʼͻƣ
˵֮󣬱ʾͶ뼸ϡ
ʼķʽʼ߶ҶһԿţĵط㡣
ȻһŴƳһŶλв׳񵤡
֮һ飬Ԫ޷ﵽһ֣Ĵ߷ĵز
Ҷȵ㣬Ǻܶ࣬Ҳ٣ҪԻϵǻϵ֮壬ôԦףϧ㲻ǣδںȻӵԴΣҪԪͣҪ㾳ͬ񵤣ԵԪ㣡
ôǵһؼòҶἰķ档
ݣҵһЩǿӦò£ֻߣһЩ񵤣ֻǣңƳĽλвԪ񵤣רעǿȣȻ棬㻹ҪĽӡ˽֪ʶ̫٣̻֮Уõ֪ʶḻԼúŬȻڵƿ
Ԫ񵤣˲񵤣ƾңͿƳĽλвĸ߶ȣ
ʲôܣȻûʵȷܣûҵľ飬Ҳܣؼںȱ㶼ۼһ飬ȻҪȥѰңһЩıΪƸ߼Ԫ񵤵ĲϣԽãҩҩãһ㣬δѱ֮ǰòҪλҦүү˼Ц
㻹˵
һ뵽ݵǸЦ죬Ȼŭ
ҶȺǸҸոϸڣúûȥϰˣʥصġɭ֡а𣿡
ܵɭ֣ʥأ֮أͬΪͬʽֻڱԵӢӡĵӡ̫ϵԽڲȥΣʥǰӸץǿߡ׵ȵȣ֮УƷЩǿߵķӡУ뵣ģȻǺ޲ðЩʥصնɱ˵ȻкܴЧȥʮһЩɭ֡ɽǲǿǾۼĵطȥɭ
֪ʦȥЩط
Ľλвȥֻ·һһ㶼Ǵﵽв߽ףϲЩط̾ŸɱԽǾģ
ȥɭһʱ䣬ЩʱͺúϰѰһЩаĲϣȻǶ׼һݣǿˣҲҪҶ¶һ
û⣬ҲҪصѧϰλв׳񵤵飡
˵գǴյ뿪ˡ
ҶһЩλ²Ԫ񵤣ϷãȻﵽλ״̬ع٣ǰɭ֡
ɹصþͿһƬԲɭ֣һ󷨽š
ĸӣɭ֣Ҫеͬ⣬еõ⣿
ɭ֣ǰϲʵĸ֣ҶǰĮѯʵ
ҶóƣκλҲû˵ֱ׸ˡ
ӣ
ӵƣȻӣܵ𺳣ƣֿҶȣһ²񣬾ӡ
֮Ҷûƣ󷽷ȥɭ֮С
ʦܣȵȵȣȥʥҶȵһʱû뿪ɭ֣ѵһЩ£
һӣٵطɳ
һȫһͬ硣
ЩƺƯϸ꣬ҶȽɭ֣͸оֲͬϢݺύشɭͷųûκ²ϢвϵǿϢҲħҲаȻҲһЩ
廨ţ֮
ɭֵ˰ԪһĿռ䣬˵ҲһЩʵֿԻһЩ
ҶϢɭ֮䣬ͷŻ龻֣Ӧɭ֣ڲûʥصĵϢ֮ڣγǿķӡƿɭ֣κǿߣ޷ӳȥ

֮Ʈ£·һƬʯһ΢󷨣γɷӡȻһ
δסɵ˯ƺҲӦҶȵĵһ㾢ͷ
˵Ϣһ΢ǿҲ֪ʲô񡭡
Ҷȴ
ԷҲٿȻ𣬴޺⣬ԭһˣҶȣ㺬Ц²λʥصСӣ²ɭ֣ʥǿߵ˼Ҳɱ㣬ĥ㣬ҵֺϷ
㲻Ҳв񣿻ǶλвǸһԣҶѾ߶ʥصķʩչһףʼͷų
ССı𣡡
һ磬ϯҶȡ
ͣ
һףӿ硣
ײһȷҪռϷ磬ȴδ̾;ס
ԭǸӵԽʵţֲ²񣬽ɭ֣ţ֪үү
ͻȻһͬʱſָ繥Ҷȡ
ȷ
ҶҲʼ߶Լﵽλǿʵ
ݣݣ
һҶȽӡ֮УͷŶһֲɱһ
һ벻ҶȵʵѾԽ²񣬴ﵽвֱҶǸ̬ȻһҶȡ
ƽ
ҶʩչǱȽϸ߼Ļ
ٿ
һն֮ϣҶȽŴһӡĽϵ
ɶһλ²ΪԪ˵ۺԴԴϣԽԽûģȻҶȿ˵ģݺݵҵȫʥظֽſˣ
ҵԪȷۺ콵
һֽӡʽȻһ𣬴Ӱ£һؽһأȫƽǰ㣬Ѹ͵ѹ
ʥ֣
ͻȻұۣʼͣȻֱ֮ϣԪҶ֮ϣһȭӳƴ𲻶ϺɢϧҶȵӡᣬﲻĳ֡
ʱصȺɽ֮Уһׯʥı֮С
Ưһ硣
֮Уӣӡѡҩݣе񵤡
һһ̥ʼĿ⣬ͻȻеƣ뵤̥֮Уŵ뺮ʥˮ̥̣һ׳񵤳ɹˡ
ʦоһʱ䣬ȻͿƳλв񵤣
Χӣۺ졣
Ѹոƶɵ׳񵤣һʱԵõޣ񵤽
һˣǼһҲڵɭĲ˰ɣοҪλ׳񵤡
߸мһӼ£ص֮УʼѡҩݣƵҩ


1709 вԪ
ɭ֣
²񡭡λҪϴˢĳĻᣬʥأӢΧ޳֮ѱɭ֮С
֮С
һӣͷųƣɿµĽϵﶯĺ
ҶУмơ
²ΪȷϲĶ֣ҿɲӣأҪѩܣбӳʥأ
ͣ
˵꣬ףΪ׽Ҷ˫һ֣ͷŴ׹⣬Χơ
㲻ҵĶ֣²񣡡
ָһץΧƣһĳޣ԰׽

׽Ƴ໥ҪռϷ硣
֪ǿߵĲ࣬ڵʵԿвͽײǶ⣬ҪԸв߽ףԼϲֻʧܣƷ
͸ĹƣҪҶȽϼ˿ڣҶȵһЦͻȻһ޵ƷƾȻҶȳûһ뿪ڵС֮С
ʲôͨƿؿռ䣿²񣡣û뵽ҶΪܰȻ뿪ƣ㲻ŵʵ
ɽͨ
ӦһҶȾʹݲȵطɭֽ硣
ؾȣ
һ¹ȥ
ؾȵҶȣһȻϣȥ˿ٻص֮С
ɭ֮Уһջ񣬵δﵽ׷ĸ߶ȣӽв֮󣬳ΪʽӣҪȥʮһЩΣ֮
ڷ֮У߶¯ƼöλԪ񵤣¡
Ԫ񵤣Ҫһ깦ҶԽ죬ֻҪ죬Ԫ񵤣һΪƥ񵤡
֮Զ߶ɵӡ֮Լڵɭ֣õĲҶѸоﵽλ״̬һƶ̤߽λ
ɭڶֽ֣ʵϴԾսҲڲգۺϷ硢ɽս飬Ȼս棬Խͨ
¹ȥ
һٻӰٴؾȣһûеӸðΧۡ
ʦ㣬ƶȻϣջ񣡡֣Ҷȸպ߳ľ¥ӭ
ûҶȺɫ䲻ȣ֮󣬱¥
һ󣬴Ҷ֮ʩչƣľ¥̺ϣҵǵõкܴȻҲ㱸һݣаգʱ䣬ƳҪԪ񵤣ΪƲõĸ߼Ԫ񵤰ɣ
ùһҶȾﰵˣ̺ϣǺѵõģ˵˼򵥾ʵˡ
Ҷȹ˼صȻԪ񵤣˵ʵڵԼʵõ񵤣Ԫ񵤣ҵʵȻ޷Ƴ߼Ԫ񵤣ɲʦϣ˵ƴﵽв߶ȵԪ񵤣ҴﵽĽλҲһ֮һнпܣпܳɹҲпʧܣԹ֪
óɹ
һʢԹ԰ȻȻͷųӴóʮ̺ͳͳҶȡ
ߴ߶ʼȼա
ƶٿţԣ߶ĽλвԪע뵤֮С
Ҫ٣ҵʦ㣬ҵʵƳŸ߼Ԫ񵤾Ͳˣ˵ãһһţˣ֮ǰƵĵͼԪ񵤣̻Σ
Ѿ۹⣬д󲿷ǻͷͣүүҸʱԪ񵤣ۻڴϻ֮Ч
ʱʦҪúң
Ԫ񵤣ҶȵһƵ񵤣ϣõ϶ĿǰӦǲģʼһһңվڵԱߣͬʱ߶ԪעС
óϣ֮Уʼ֨֨ȼʱʱ̿̾۾񣬲˿иһƳɹʵõܴɱ䡣
һȥ߶Ҷȸ¶ȵȵȣ𽥵ģҺ壬Ưڵ֮С
ͻȻʳһҪ⣺Ԫ񵤵ıǶ٣
˵ҶЩܡ
ٿȻһ䣬Ʋ죺ߣұǲ֪ԺԪ䷽ȥҲʲôݣõռ˲ɣ
һ治֪ÿԪ񵤵ĲϣЩ仯ÿһֲֲ̺ͬҩҲһθ㣿
ôƫƫպã
һֱڶҶϢһݶ޷ҵֱ㣬ּҺ
أҶȿûƭ
ͷԪƿҺҶȿʼӦҺ̺Ϣܿ͸ӦҺ֮Уﵽһƽ״̬
ҵƽ֮ҶȾʼѶҺСͷԪּȥ
һϸһ㲻УһҲУСֶһ£пƻ
Ƹ߼񵤣ҪҪһղãƳ񵤣вࡣ
Ҷȿóȫȫ⣬˼֮ϣ㵹Ψһϣŵ㡣
Լ֮

һ޷Ԫľ˾ҧţΪҶûʵ¶ȵĻֻʵԴ߶𣬴ﵽƸ߼Ҫ¶ȡ
Һ޵Ȼﵽһƽ״̬ҸӦĵҺ໥ںϣȻ֣ϧõĲ֣Ҳֻǲ׺һڣ
һĨЦݣüһ麹Եö˶ɰ㵹ûƭңԪ񵤹Ȼûϸı䷽Ҳ񵤵Ĺأ񵤣ƵĲϣǴͬС죬һģһԪ񵤣ȫͬ
ƹأ˵򵥣Ԫ񵤣Դ񵤣Ҫ׷գԲϵȷΣٵĸ߼񵤣ǶǰоѪƷ𣿡
Ҷȿûֵ⣬ȫ߶Ԫ¶ȣʱﵽ¶ȣڻκҶͷŷҲ޷ﵽ¶ȡ
𽥵Һγ˵̥
ʱҲȥ¡
ŵ̥γɣ¶ЦݣҶ쳣侲ȫûжٵļΪһжԤϡƿ֮С
ƣ߶ȵƣһǿԼԦģɣҺȡ̣ûʵӵʵպֲԷĲ㣡
߶ӡƿŵ̥ͷųϱҶȴӡһɹɼ̵ơ
Ƶӡ˸ӣۻңѧԪ񵤵Ʒ
ģӡҲģǻģҵϣʲôͱЩƵӡַȷԼģʲʺҾͲ֪ʺңһ·ʺÿˣ
΢΢һʩչӡһƲϳֳ
뷨뵤ĸ߲㣬ȫһƼ򵥵һ仰ĳ޷ݡ
ƺڵ磬Ҷȵ磬ȫһ
Ҫɹˣס׼ó̵̥ĺû뵽ϣ˵˳Ŵﵽв߶ȵԪ񵤣ҪɹˣҶȻƣŵ̥ΧѾγƺػŵ̥


1710 ߽λ²
߼Ԫϳɹ
һģŵ̥ʵܿﵽλ𣿡
ҶüͷһӦڶλλ֮䣬ڵԪǿ󣬻ҵߣλĽλв񵤣ݳޣ
ԪƳɹһṩеԴҲҪ֤ԺƵԪ񵤣ֻ̻ۣ̻ܽӵΨһľӪȨ
죡
ṩԴ
ⲻǸպҶ»ȱٵģԴʲôдԴв񣬸⡣
Ҷˣ
óһƿָһһɺŵ̥

ŵﲻ𶯣ΧҶᣬӿ뵤ڲȫΧžӨ͸Ԫ񵤣Ưǰ
λв񵤡
־Ͱһץģϸϸ߶ԪۿʪԪУܵ˲˼
Ҷȵǲż˷ģһŵʱһץʱ䣬ƵͼԪ񵤣תҦǰǰף㣬̤λв񣡡
պõҩĿ⣬ܴת䣺֮ǰ˵ҪʲôԴǰңø׼׼
һ棬һ볢һЩ̺񵤣ҪһЩʬ壬ԽǸ߼Խãʣ¾ǼѰҺϣйص񵤣ҵרҲףʵҶҪǿͻʵ
⸱ģƺ
ܸоҶռ˴ˣû취飬뿪ľ¥
ȷ뿪ؾȣҶȿʼʱ䣬ͣĳɹ飬ͨ壬ھ֮ƵͼԪ񵤣Ѳġ
ʱ䣬ֻҪȫڻؾȣͻвɡ
ͨںҶȵ֮󣬺ܿ쿪ʼƵͼԪ񵤣һλλֲĲϣؼӵгʱ䡣
콣
Ԫϴﵽλ۷֮ʣ׼ͷ¸ոƵĸ߽Ԫ񵤣λ߽λһʱɣʼںͨ콣
ںһ֣ҶȲ֪콣
ֿ˵ֻǵõƪһƪ
콣һӵ졢ء󽣾ÿһƪַУҶȻõĽպ˽ƪ
׷ռ⣬˽һ
ŽУ磡ʶ֮УԺֽıӰϧݣδ֪Σգ޷ԤϽ
Ԥܰȫ磬ôͿԽˣ硣
˽ƪУΪʽҽʽϽʽɽལ׷ľֻ࣬ҪǿܷӳΨнһԪʼĴڣһܹϵǿߣʱϵɣ
ںϾ飬콣İ壬չֳͨ콣ʽĹ̡
һһΣԺ
֮
Ҷӡ߶ԪеԪھ֮С
콣ѰһģҪѽӾ֮ᣬ󲿷ֽԽΪںϣµĽ
콣ȫһظ߽׵
Ԫںھһ֮ʱ㴫һִʹУȻ󲻶ϵұۡ
ȥ
ͻȻָʳָһָһָֻСâָ֮б
ˣ
һâմ̹¶Ŀۡ
Ȼ棬˽ƪʽʽҽʽϽʽҪɾﵽĵزȻʽҲգںʽҪԽںϣܷӳ
ǿţ콣ԪΪֱͷŽ֪ͷųĲ˼顣
õ콣ʩչҲ
ʱ߿Դˡ
һ¹ȥԪѾ۷壬ó֮ǰƺõĸ߼Ԫ񵤣ȥԪͬڷ֮С
̻ᣡ
үүϲ㣬̤λвǧ꣬²ﵽвȫȫϰȫΪϣ̤ϲ񣡡

һƳѪƣʹ಻ѡ
Ҧ뼸λΪԪԼһЩ񵤣ٵ飬һṦʹʧָֻǵò
ÿһʩ񣬹صȷΪҵУҶƵĸ߼Ԫ񵤣ڵǿǣҲͻȻ̤λ
ۼ֤Ƴ߼Ԫ񵤣ҦƺЩš
һŵҩȻôͻһ磬ίʵ档
Ǻǣƶɣʵﲻ߼񵤣ҪĻ͸ƣԪ񵤣
ס䷽𣿡Աһʵ

ɫʱҲ֤̣ҲĻԪ񵤣Ҫκε䷽ȵȣǿĸӦգ޷ҵģʱۼظӦҺƽ֮һּԡλǰԪֻҶȿƣٻҪߣϺܳʱ䣬ܽգνɣ
Ҧ׵¼ãż꣬ʥأѾǧ꣬ҲҶҪǿҪԴǣţ̻һҪץǧҪʥ֪ʥػסԪһʾ޴ĲƸΪʮռ񵤣
úϢүүΪ׼Ȼʱ䣬ΪʮȻԴ̻ᣬΪںһֻԴҦ׽һ̴Χߣ뿪
ҶȣԺ󳣳㣬ѵ޷Ԫ𣿡ϸϸϢ֮з㾪ϲ
ؾȣ
ҶȴһΧ֮Уڵ߿ԴҪɹԪ·һӳƵġ
ᣬ߿ԴŨȣֳԽǰԴԪӵľһ̤߽λҶȵʵֻࡣ
棬ǶļԦӵͼͨУﵽʱյĸ߶ȡ
˫͵һϣһԴٿȻСΪһߴСԴ
߿Դɹ
һ飬ǺܾˣֻǾ飬Ⲣδ仯֮Ҷʽ̤߽λ²
²ڹϵʱڣǵͽкܳ·ҪߣԽͽףܳΪ߽󣬳Ϊǿߡ
Ԫˣ̤߽λ²񣬾׳ԪøϡִӾóͨƵĲԪ񵤣֮Ԫſʼ
ſʼ𵤷ȵȣԪɱ䣬еͨҪﵽ߽λ
Ҳʼһ飬ﵽǱɽף̫һֿһµĸ߶ȡ
ȻŴԴԪʵͨҪʽʼ¼Ĳ񵤣ǵͼģҩҲһܾˣеһϴõ񵤣Ϊ쵤ӵϴľ޴ãϴ񵤣磬񵤣Ҫ߾磬ﵽв񣬻ҪǲȱٵģԪ񵤵һУ֪̻ĸ߲㣬ôǾͻҵļֵҸĺô
ϸϸ˼һ쵤ҶһҪƵ񵤡


1711 
쵤񵤣Ȼ֣
ƵĲϣҶϸϸһʮֲϣδŵġ
ֻһΪ̦ŹΪȻԿµ֮Уڵ
ʲôط
ֻи߽󣬲ȥΣ磬ͽȥ١
쵤ȷǸ߼񵤣Ҷֻ취ͨĲϣ쵤ľ裬ӵ쵤ĵͼ񵤡
ʵֻ취ѡ
˵ò쵤Ĳϣ̻ᣬҲҲ֮һϡ
о˼죬ҶȼԪ߽λҪ࣬аգԿκεĵͼв
һʱ֮ҶȾ뿪ȥȻȥᣬع
߽λ
ҶȵһۣعϾ޷ξϲЦݣҶ£λ߽λ̶̼꣬вΪʱԶ
ҶԵǫޱȣž⣺Ŀǰӽǿɽµļ̻һͻвٶȾͻỺҪ߳ʥأ֮гɳ
вʸȥúüͣ߳ؾȣʥѧøĸ߼
عҶȥ
֮Ҷڴ١
λƣؾȣҶȻӭ
Ĺ̤ͣλոմ̻רΪһˣռʮͷʬ壡
£Եúƣ֮Ҷ֮£ȫġ
ҶǡʱӴóʮԪ񵤣
Ƕλ²ȼǺǣҹĿ࿴һ£ٶȣһһţ棬Ƚʵе𺳡
ͷһֱһ⣬ʲôʱˣ
ҲóһöҶȵȴʱĴ䡣
ͷԪ֮ҶһĻ·ţʮͷʬ壬мͷޣʵв񣬱ʿնɱ̻ᣬʬ壬һ˺ôֵ
Ҷȣȴʵõ;
ʬ壬̺Ĳϣ֮˳⣬ȫﵽҶȵҪ
˸ƽպöؽɴʵȻԪ񵤣
ҶȻһ˹Ȼֿ֣ʮţﵽϰٿţܻرʦĴ֧֣
Ƶͼ񵤣Գ˵ļ
ȻȻʦһϱǣ
뵽һԪ񵤣ҶԤϵûа귴飬޷յԪ񵤣ſԡ
۲ǻ¡
ͣ
ʱʱȼ֮ľ¥֪ڲǿǿд߶硣
ڵǰʱʱ̴̿߶ԪάջβϱȽ϶࣬һԴƶöͼԪ񵤡
ƣǿߣҲǳԲģҶһԹע̣ʵһֱڲ鿴ͨ壬Ԫ񵤵ƳһԪ񵤣ѹٿţΪҶڳʱúС
ֻеһ֣ΪķҪС
һ¹ȥһƳʮŵͼ񵤣һʧܣŽʮԪ񵤣飬֮Уǳ
һߣҶȾͿʼץһͷʬ塣
ݣ
һâʬϣиһѪ⣬ջʬ壬óʮǱȽϲͳͳ̺Ĳϡ
ںһͨĲϣʮֲϣƵͼ񵤣Ѿ㹻
߶¯Уңһδ߶𣬿ɲͨ𣬶ǷΪƵ񵤣Լá
𲻶ȼգֲ֮ںϣϴ裬һҩ˳档
Ƶͼ񵤣ɱԪҪ鷳ˣҶȲҪ¼񵤵ַͰӡ
ԪҲһǰ㣬ȼղԪǴ߶ĸԪ𽥿飬߿ԴڲԪҲ𽥵͸
ķһ£ҶȲڰвϣΪҺ塣
ְ񵤵䷽ϸطּ𣬲ϰҺҲδ˷ѣǷӡ´á
Ƿּʮ칦ϸϸһȷΣſʼʩչȼҺ
̻ᣡ
֮Уʮ߲㣬ۼڷ֮ڣ۾ţӴ䣬ץʮԪ񵤡
ÿ˶ھ̾
һλ˾̶ֹ̾£ȻƳô񵤣Ȼǵͼ񵤣ҲǿߣԶ̶ʱ䣬ôͼ񵤣ŰţǴˣӱ֮ӣ
ߵҶȣһҪúƴĲŻϳɳȥΪһλܳʦ»ΪʮһʦпܣʱʥʵõҲܴҶϣúܴ棡
ʱ˷
ҦԱߣŲߵ˰ɣǶϣܺúðҶȻ£ͽȥ죬ԺҶҪʲô㶼ԿǸҪʹӦˣҲףɲǰõģ
һͬŹϵ̻ΪΨһĺ󣡡
˵ǿԸȻףÿ˶Ԫ񵤵Ҳ¶һԺϾҲһ
ˣȥǵøҶȣ̻һһͷ̻ᶼûϢƿߣȻ׷ݽĲҶȶɽ磬źڣΪ£ˣ̻Ϊռϣ
үү
Ҧѣ
ʥأ
ʥ
֪ФͻȻңΪ£ĪΪƣ
Ҷóƣɽͽ̤ɽֵۣ֮ӿ֪ҶҪʥ׷ΪС
ڻؾȣȫ񵤣ۿҪɹû뵽ͻȻյФĴ̾͸˹
ĥԷ˼ʱ벻к¡
ʥһӴ£һ֮Уһռ䣬ʮ־޴Ҷ̤ͼФ뼸λΧһæµš
ФҶȣʾ£һᣬŶҶԱ£ʦ˵̤߽λȷһ£Ȼһ£Ҫ㣬λͬ飬ںʥء̫ʥءʥضΪ˹עţλгƵѣΪǰ̤в񣡡
ԭΪ¡ҶΪ⣬вſʼ纺ơ翴ڸʥأһƽ
Фἰ˴һЩ¼ҶԤв֮࣬ФָҶȼ׳񵤣Ҷȸ뿪
صؾȣҶ񵤣Фļ׳񵤣
ķµʱ䡭ɹɣᣡ
һҺƯڲ¯֮УǿΣҶȴ߶ӡƿشƣʼҺ֮Уγɵ̥
ֹ죬ҶͻȻͷһ
ˡ
̥һ˾ϲȵҡ֮һֻһŽӲӵ񵤣Ưڲ¯룬໥ƣͷųâ
ɹˣֻϧֻﵽλ²ȼ޷ﵽ߽λƳɹ񵤲һҩЧͬûЧÿ֮ı֣
¯ҶȾ׼ţ¼ϵĲ񵤡


1712 вϢ
е񵤣̺ҩ

ſ룬һɺӺܴ»ܿʧ
ѰҺ֮ʣȫͻȻ˸ĺϸѪ֮бȫʢҶȴ߶ͻɽХһȼʼϴ
֨֨
ŴƤ֮У͸һЩʣЩƣ󲿷ǻҺɫҲһЩԪһͬʢ棬Ƴ⡣
״̬ά졣
ҩӭһָ߷壬ƺ̺Ҫֱ龭Ȼϴ
ϧҶƵ񵤣񵤣޷¼ϵЧղδγɣҩԲ
ҶȵһΣһξʣ磬Чࡣ
һ񵤣ȷͬ졣
ֻûдﵽҶߵڴֵȫ飬Խ߽λﵽ²۷塣
ûʼʬ壬ʮ𽣻ͻвѾȱκ
ҩ͸ûҶҪһմ񵤵ҩ߽λ˽λ

ʮͷʬƯڲ֮ڣһͨҲɳҶץסһͷʬʱͨʩչ򣬰ʬ壬ӡ
ӵЧһȣȻãҶʵȻԷѰʬ壬ʵ
ͨϣҶȿȫȫʬ塣
һͻޣʮɾ޴ǻţӾˣƤڲ͸ųԽ
֮ʬ屻Ҷ֣Ȼ޵ѪرҶġ
ͨģʼҶȵľԪѪ֮С
Ȼ޵ʢõҩںϣҶȴ߶ڲϵȻԪںϣڵԪʼ׳ֱ̫һ֮С
һﵽвޣҶ²ΪһһϦɵģֻһʬѾҶԤ˽λϣ
Ϊʽ֮ұ뿪ʥأһЩΣ֮أõūˣﵽ߶ȣѾʧԪ֮УǱ֪񲻻췭ظ
͸֮УʣһͨȫƵҩڲʱʱȫͬƳöĵͽԪ񵤣漴ڵԿռ䣬Ȼɽ״̬޷
ūѾӵ²һֻԴɱ֮塣
뿪ռ䣬ѾҪӽ˽λ״̬޾޴壬Ҳֻʣ֮һ
ʦãΪؾȣ
չʱߵҶȺȻӰؾȣٶȻ²еģʽӡ
ܿͿȷԱ߽漸λʽӣвΪ
ֹͣУҶһ¥ȥ
ִӵ֮ҶȣĪϴΣ½ʦܣɽ󣿡
Щܣֲʲôˣֻҵʦ֣⣬ͻȻתĮֹӽ롣
棬վһòõӣȻ͸һӢҴй󲻿ԵϢΪʦ֣ҲμУ
ͬʮһΪĮүʥǧ꣬ص֮ȡӣһţȲ֣ԭʮָӣ
ֵ߳Ҷȣӣֻò֮ܿУҵݡ
һʽ֮еǿߣһͨӿȵģһϲûбʵλҲȲǰĿ
һүһλƺһԣ۴κη棬˿óк⡣
Ҷȹ鷳ʦ㣬Ϊʦָ
Ϊʦ㣬ҷ֮£ʽӣתҶȣҶǻл
ʦ֣ϴΣڽ֮У½ʦܵҶȡԿΪ׵ӣ˵
ʦ֣лͣ
ʩ񣬼̲֣Ҷʧ
ԱеӣΧ濵ƽʦ֣ô֣ѵҶȣΪһٸĶ֣ⲻǵˣʦֵ𣿡
ΪҲ֣
ֶָ¶һöö󲻿ԵĴ䣺ҲʲôطعʥصλܸߣΪǿ֣㲻ѵңҲǿߣӣ࣬ʱԿĻң
¾ôˣ
ˣܾ𣿡
תٶŴ󲽣ͷƣգͳЦ̻ļͷ֮һܴĮȻ̻ܰᡭҶȣҲԼмＸʥ֮Уҵ޷Ū㣬һᣬͷϣҴĮֻҪ뿪ʥأǾڣ
ȥ½ĿݣҶ֣֮ȻԹޣԸҶȣǿ뱾
˼һ󣬿ӣƳض
⼸Ըң
ոսľ¥ҶȾջ벻ʡ
ΪǷǶԴŹңֱΪֹ߽λв񣬾޷ˣֻĴĮ䲻һ۹Ҳڵ࣬˵ϲ񣬸߲񶼴ڵģ˵ǿߣ⵹һ鷳
֮ҶƳһŻ˵ԹźǻˮΪ֪ô͵һ֡
ǷǲưոݣҪ½᣿
ôˣҪ򿵿
ϻῴҶȴʱʲôκ²񣬶ᵣǲǵ˿
ԴĮĪ̻ᣬʲôϵҲ̻ľͷ֮һҶȵǺ
ĮǱȽԶһƬĮ֮Уһδʥأʹȥ֮󣬴ĮĹҵĸȻû޳ɣҲûžܾϾغϵӴʥ֮Уʱʱң
һΪĮҲ̻ľͷȻǣôпڴ̻⣬ͨ㣬Ӵ̻ᣬҵǲЩֻߵ̫´ӽԺҳǰҪ
ΪΣ
ȻǳŲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͱˡҶεʼ磬͸һ²Ρ
˵˼黹鷳֮ԺҪСĵ㣬Щ壬ȷøֶΣﵽĿģǻǼɣˣүүҸ㣬ͨһʱ飬ûйҪҵϢ̻ҲûУ뵽Ҧ׵ĽҶг
𣿡
΢΢һȴָֻƽ
Ȼֻһв񣬵Ϊƿߣвܴ磬ɽľֶΣȻһޱȵ
ǼΪµģȻ˿ҶҡҡͷпܣȥѰݽ
һĩûôһв񣬷ĩҿ㻹ܶԶɱףھͿԣϣӵɽռıҲģһʱɣ
˼Ƭ̣ҶȱʼһжȥҶ򰵵Ԫﵽ߽λʵѲ࣬˵ѿʼڰ˿Դ


1713 ̤˽λ
ʮ
ƫԶһǳ֮У
ֵУȻһ
Ƿĩ
ƺʲôΪµ飬ܼĵطȥ󷽣Ȼӿ󣬿ʲôɫĮᣬһҲͨеֹ̬
ɶ񰡣ɶ񣡣
ĩƺҪ˦ˣȻЩģԷΪ֮¡
ͷһƳֻͫ޺⣺ǵȻ͸ʮ𣿡
ĩͫɵĿ⣬ϰ̾ǸҶȵˣ˭ǾȻһҲԼݣĴʥأʮ֪Ϊ֮һ𣬶͸ÿǳأǱȻ²⣬ǲҲص硭ҺиۣȻѾڿǳأߣ͵ꡣ
òףɽһԪռЩô㽻ǣǵյģֻǼټ٣󲿷ֵԴҵУΪЧʱȷҪҪŴԴϽ磬ߣԸǣ뱦ܰװ׹ͣ
ֹӡû뵽㾹Ȼĸ߲㡭
ĩϵغɱͻȻһսǣͷһʧڽֵ֮С
˲ˣ
׷˳ͷȴ˷ĩӰӡ
ϸ̳ϢҪץĩ˲δѲ飬һֿȥ
ǲŹҵġȻôɽõ籦λ̤˽λв񣬿ʵ̫̤ϲ񣬲п뿪ʮȥ׷ɱ
ĩ˳ٶයֱ˳
ؾȣ
ѧϰĵط̫̫࣬࣬һҲƼԪ񵤣Լʮ֮࡭
Ҷ֣ս䣬뿪֮ǰһ䣺ŶСģʵڲУع棡
ֻҪʥأκβҵģҶĿȥ̻صľ¥
һ£
Ѵ㹻Ԫ˽ͷԪѴﵽ۷״̬ʩչ֮Ҷȱ㿪ʼԪӿ𵤣㼯߿ŽԱߡ
һź嫵Ԫγѭ״̬ϵᣬͷŷУȼԪ֮еʡ
ȫԪ뺣֮С
޴Ԫ𽥵СȼգΪɷ뿪ڡ
Ҷϰͨ壬ٻر壬ں֮ӴԪϵںϡ
ԽߣҪʱ䣬Ȼ
¹ȥ֮Ԫֻʣʮɾ޴󣬲ҳҶȲһӡԪԪӡƿ£һСÿһСڲ̺Ϣ䡣
ᣡ
һҶ˫һϣޱߵӿԪ
ȻԪǻζСգγһһߴС壬ǵڰ˿Դ
ԴɹᣬҶȲ˿ľԪ뾫žһ΢飬Ҷȵʼͨӡ
ֻʮţÿһţӵ޵Ŀֲ
һţ޵ľʼɢȫݺоһ³ΪһƤƵġ
߶𽥱̫һںϣܿģҶȾ͸оֳһ޸ʧϢ
֮󣬰˿Դͬ˿գƯڽ룬ҿʼӵĴ
Ҷַһӡ
㿪ʼһڵĸַȫҪŽ˽λﵽ˽λĸ߶ȡ
ͨԱȣҶȷְ˽λԪԴڣδʱɱ߽λԪϢ뾫ȣ߳
һ²ľ磬ŽλǷعҪԴ뷨
ƣҶ˽ʥأֻǻһӵݣȻ˴ͣӦúúλᣬʥ֮УõһЩвԴ
ǣող뷨ûãҶȾͺüԷ
һʥظ߲㣬Ҫ԰̤в뻢ڣ߲ûҽʱÿԼҵڣûи࣬õģǶʥõܣ
һëռʥرˣôʥأҲռˡ
뷨ȻʥҲͬͷ
󣬳ԿĲǱˣֻ
ʮӣƸ񵤣ԼԪ񵤣в⣬ռ˵뷨ˣʱŪã͵ʴףڶˣ
Է֮ôвֻܿԼʱ䣬Ҫע⿵в
Ϊﵽһ߶֮󣬽˽λ״̬ӣҶȾͷͨ壬䣬һԪ񵤣һϰ콣
ҶʱͻȻӦһϤϢ֡
Ծ
Ϣ͸Ҷ͸Ӧ˭¥ոճţͼԾЩû
ǿ¶ЦݣҶʩ񣬶ɲǼ䣬ҶȸӦԾˣϢɶ˳Ϣʮֵ΢
ȻˣŻ֢״ӱ濴ԾǺȻ
Ծʲô飬ҶӭԾ뷿䣬һҶַԾͻƵĽλв񾳽磬صǸ߼Ծô
ʦ֣°ɣҿóǰԲͬϴڽֲʱ䣬Ӧץеʱ򣡡Ҷȳʵ
ʦܡ
Ծֹл˵˵
ҶȣƺѾµ˼֡
գԾǵصһʮӻؾȣΪʽӵʦ֣⼸죬ңһЩ鷳صԻؾȵʦֵܣż
ԭҵϰɣҶ󣬸ȷԼԤϡ
˵ȷ͸¶һΪģȻҲ֪ΪΣԺҪСЩ
û߲
߲㣿ǽҷǳֵˣⲻӱĵزߣеˣѾ͸صĸ߲֮УѹֲԽʥ淢£֮ӣܲù
ø̫
ȭͷͻȻһ߬ҶȾˣ¼һŪģңһͨӡ
Ҷȴδˣ˴½ᣬǿȻһȣȻǿֶΡ

Ҷȵץһ򣬴ĽУȻ󽻸һͷˮԾҰ򣬽
ʦ֣Ծ벻ҶȻʶʽ֮УŵĴڡ
һ˿ЦҶȵ㼿ûжãԾֻҪԺǲ鷳ģ
ĪǡԾƺѾ£뿵кܴĹ
ȻҶԾ뿪ؾȡ
ص
Ⱥɽ֮УһɽȣȻؾȾ޴ʮֹལͷţһЩн֮ͷš
صĽ֮ȡ
Ծ
һһ߳ǿ΢΢һҷһӣԾ÷
ԾΪɵҲʮ侲򿵿ʩ֮󣬼ó򣺡ʦ֣Ҷתģ
Ϊмû࿴ԾһۣΪһٸԾᱻ࿴һۣһ֮ϡ
ȻҶȵЦͻȻʦ֣ҵȷʦһȣʲôģֱҶ֣ĨԻؾȵʦ֣үѵȣ


1714 
ʥһɽ壬Ϊ죬Ըңҿ̤϶壬Ȼһսˣּõү
䣡
Ҷƽһͷ֮
漴һ裬ȻըԾԱӣε˺Զ
Ȼ󣬿ʲôҲû˵ת
㱻Ҷʦܺ
Ȼھ֮еԾ뿪֮ȣͷ֮ʣͫǺ£벻Ҷ˵󣬾ֿ뿵Ի
ʢŭ֮£ӦҶڶԼսôҶֻ·һԿѹҶȺκ
뿪֮ȣԾ̸ϵؾȡ
ٴμҶȣԾǷ԰ѵȻ޴棬ҶȵĿ⣬ҲǰƽƺܵһӰ졣
Ҷȵ֪֮ȷǰǰ󾭹Ǹʦ֣֮ǰӦȴкǿرʦΣ֮У
ΣΣ
žһԾ°Ѱư棺̫֮ѵɨӣʦСģԺ󲻻Ըǣʱʱ̶̿Σգ
ʵҲֻʹССļԿݣֵӣ̤һս
˼һԾ뿪ˡ
ֻǰ칦һԤ֮е𴳽֡
һµͻͻͻ̤¥ָӭҶȣҧгݣҶȣʲôһȣ㹫Ȼڽ֮ȵڵʲô˼˶ң
֪ҶҲίһɷйģҲû취˭ÿǰ㱰ɣصרԻؾȵʽӣûɶŵ㣬ҾҪŽ֮ĵӣ߿Ȼ鷳ˣЩ޳ֶܵΣ
ˣ㲻¿ЦһּҶΣһ
׻˵ĺãӼҲҧˣοǸˣ֮ôˣҲ֪޷ֲʦ㿴Ű죬ҪɱҪУһ仰
㿴⸱ģ¿ˮǰɣ
ܱȱ˲ͷҪǿٱ
ˣ֮ʱҪܱܷʱ䣬ǵ̤صΪһԱ㣬Ҳ̤˽λвҲͼʮʱ䣬УԺԼԪ񵤣̻ᣡ
ݺݵһٲﳾȥ
ǲң̫㣬ʱ䣬Ҫޣͻв񡭡
Ҷ̨ϰգؾȣȻϡƽʱʱ̷̿ſĺʱң˶֪ìܣǯֽţҪԸңҲҪͷʱ䣬Ҵﵽв񣬳ΪһʱʱҵҪ˭ѹҵķâ
߶ͨԪ񵤣Ҷȿʼ߶ԪһӣԪѾﵽ˽λ״̬˽λɼͷܴﵽ۷壬߽λֻͷһλֻҪһ
ӷ絽ɽ磬Ҷһʱ䣬ڷУǲðգлȡ̫ǿʿ۷磬ֻǿԼԱ֮ͬɽǰݺᡣ
һλ˽λʮͷͿ̤ʮͷϽв񣬶ʮ꣬Ҷһֱ֮УһЩҪ߶֮⣬һֱڻؾС
ʱͷУв
ͨһִﵽ˽λ²Ԫ񵤣Ҳ֮У񵤣ΪҶȳв׼
֪ȥ
һƣȻڷ䵴
֮еҶȣžĿ⣬ػӶ˫֣óԪ񵤣Լһ񵤣С
ȻԪϵԪڵӿ֮С
ԪЩҩһʱᣬ޷ƽ⣬ھſԴõһȣвҪſԴںϣΪвȼԴһЩؼᵽھſԴһںʱںһֻ뷨һͬʵǿ󣡡
ǧͼҪƳҵıԴͬɽԴһľ»ӺѰҵԴҪҵǿڶʱ䣬ȥ̻ᣬûкʵʱںԴ֮УֻһҲʱóԪ񵤣
ڹڣҶȾȥ̻һˡ
ʰһȥᣬعʾ֮󣬺ܿʥء
һδʥصǳأʮ죬һΣʵﵽ˽λҶȣֻҪ죬δ߶ߵǰ¡
ǳأҶȥ㳡һȦ
ʵΪȷûпצβ٣һж㳡һȦһЩͨʬ壬Щˣץ޷һЩûзмֵİա
̻ᡣ
ҦһҶȣһСҶȴӶ¥¥㣬һһ˹䣬Ƿı
ҶԼһЩںϽв׼Ҧ׵Ǵ󷽣óһЩҶһҲϣͨҶ˵ǸأȻҶҲöϧҲ˼ڡ
ֻԼȥԼȥȡı
֮ҶȱһٶλµԪ񵤽ҦףҦҲóһʯҶȡ
Ԫ񵤵ܵܶԤֻҪƳԪ񵤣ʱȻ˫գ
һٶԪ񵤣Ҧ׵֮Ȼϲüҡ
Ҷȵûȥ˶ʯ̻Ǵ˫Ӯ״̬ܱ˱һռˣ̻óʯҶҲȥƽϡ
ǰ޷鵽䣿̸֮ҶҲҪ뿪뵽һ£ʮѯʵ
Ҧ׻һɫȥ̻ᣬе飬ûнСѣȻƿߣȻȥݽݽϸԪĩ󣬾ʧû֪ȥ򣬵ȻҲųܣʮһص֯ΪǼɱϢΪһ֯ϣյϢʮҲΧϢΪʮΨһһڲֲ֯

Ҷ˲ס֣Ϊ˾֪䣬ҦѰַʩ뿪
Լʮֵһֵ֮ͨУһ۵ׯ԰סҶȵĿ⡣
ׯ԰ûκε֮ʮͨĴҲйصĵطΪһͬɱֵ֯Ȼ֮
ׯ԰ţҶȾѸӦһɱصϢ
ûģΪһλʮ꣬ȥ΢΢Щɵӡ
ʱ߳Ҷ޷ƥеϲһˣҶǰĮص˽˵ؽ磬˵Ȳܿ
Ūأͨ󣬻治ỳɣҶĿģģһ䣬֪ʲôλ
ԭͣСĽȥ˵
ͻȻĮĺܣҶȽڿĴţԺ䣬ҲһЩ󣬶ĬĬȴ
һƫ߳һŮӣҲͶʮ£ʵͿ֪ǵļ۸񣿡
֪˽ܣһţҶ
Ůڶ棬ֹ΢Ц˵ûҲˣͨϵʥĴڣǶԴȻ۸ҲˣΪ뱳ͬͬģһϲֻҪһǧƷʯв񣬸٣


1715 Žλ
һǧƷʯ
Ҷȵûж飬ֻоΣոմҦõʯҲżǧƷʯ뵽ıԵЩ׽⡣
֪ҪѰˣкȵȣԽϸԽãҵĿ꣬ڴ룡
Ůӵǲżֻ΢ЦУһֵӣƺһ²ܴ档
ı˵ֻҲʡ²ʯ
˼Ƭ̣ҶȵһԪһӰֳ칬֮ࡣ
ҶȵΪ࣬һԶĳǰȥżΧˮѰһˮı֪ʮ꣬һֱû䣬ΪʱǾŽλвڼп̤ϲߣӦһһŮ²ΪһǼ
ʧˮ򣿡
ˮ֣Ůӱüͷ۸΢΢ҪЩǧƷʯ
۸񡭡
ͣ۸Ѿܹĳˮʧֻȡһǧһǧҵʯˮ˵ǽҲܵĴڣۣ
ðɣ
Ƚһǧ𣡡
ҶҧӦŮһָͷ
û죬Ҫһǧʯ̫˰ɣ
֪ҶȻǹؾóһǧƷʯŮӣԷһ֮˽չ
뿪ׯ԰˵طûģҶ̷ʥء
˻ؾȣҶǼ֮Żص֡
˵̻֮Уûдջȴ֪Ĵڣһ߻ᣬҵټ
߶ԪȻﵽ۷壬ںϣҶְѴ㳡õһЩͨʬ壬Ϊӣһţв߽λӡ
ôһӣҶ̤Žλ²һԲ߾磬ôвͳ˦ʵݣΪʥһλʽӡ
ӣԪʼڼӿȵƶţȻƣԪ֮С
𽥵ڰ˿ԴԱߣһŤԪ
˿ҶȾһˣӶ˫֣һǿӡԪ󣬳Ϊѭ״̬Ϸ𣬲ϵȼգﵽ˽λ۷壬ԪȻеͼϢԪΪԪﵽ˽λ۷塣
ӡ½֣ϰԪСҶնޡ񵤲жİ
ڴ󲿷ֶѳΪʣʣԪ֮ǰǧ֮һ
һڲϵر
˿ԴƯҶȰѵھſԴɹô˿ԴԶھſԴںϣﵽȾŽλ߷塣
ҶȺڴھſԴΪھſԴôھſԴͻγһںϣһ硣
ʱһξѻᡣ
ݴ
𽥾޴ԪҶȲϽӡͷ󺹣֮ʱڻΪһɾ޴ƾԲ
һ̵Ҷȴ߶ǿԪеһͬƿءԪӡһҲںԪ֮С

ԪһսȻһɾ޴ԴһСΪһߴԪ壬˿ԴȫֻͬƸʤ
ھſɹҶ̤Žλ²
޷Ƶ飬飬ԱȽڴ󲿷־ˣϯ鴦ҶȵʮλԪ񵤣ҩ֮龭
֣û飬ǽвһ̣Ӧû顣
ھſԴ̡ӡܶȣԽ˿ԴҵھſԴγɲǣԶ˿ԴγһԲΡ
ʱȥſԴһԲεâ磬ڽ롣
ÿһԴʼԷϢںϣҶֿʼ̷ӣԪ̵ӿջ𵤣ſԴգӾſԴڲ̺ҶѾоѲ²۷塣
ɽΪأо֣䣬Ҳо֣оԼķ磬ľ磬Ҳ̺˾֡
ĽڸܾſԴ໥ںϣԪĸоȻ䣬ҶһЩ֣֣Ŵ󾳽磬һλŽλżȻ
޾˫̺ľ֣ɽҲΪ죬ѵһнһ֣һɺϣ
Ȼǣľ磬ʵ˽ͣɽľţľţڤڤ֮УΰĴ׷ġһžŹ桱Уɽ֮УķԭӴµĴ衣
ֹɽ硢磬̺˾֡
磬ϵĻʵۣΪ𡱡
ǹһžŹϵѭϵУǼ򵥵ѭһʿͨУڵﵽµĸ߶ȣҲһӵиߵĸ߷塣
ţ֮Уģκη涼ռġ
ɲǵĻعˣĴҶͻȻһ֣ץסеĸо
ϧֻɲǣִʧˡ
ˣΪֹΪ˿ζΪͨŬﵽһ߷壬ֻ׷һ߷壬ֹ߷ִ㣬µ㣬ϵѭմﵽ۷壡
硢ɽУޱȵľ飬ﵽ磬ҶȲ͸УȻȻζʵһԼľ־Ĺ̡
Ϊڷ磬ΪλףҪɽ磿
Ϊɽ磬ΪܡͷҪ̤磿
Ĵ˿̣ͷһվһµ㣬ΪС壬Ȼͬ硢ɽͨ̿նִﵽ۷塣
У˸оƺѭҶվԭأһߣֻϣ

Ѿߵ磬ӵм̵ĵģ־ѿԴؾжߡ
ԴѭܶʼΪͬž֮ܵɹһž񼶣ҲǷɼջʺÿУ
ٴνУղһںһ𣬾Ҷȵ۾ӵĸԶ
ٲľ裬ѾգҲʼ޾컯ȭС
ʵ컯֣žŹһµĴǲıϵģҲ˵һܳΪ׷洴Ų񣬿ϧղ֪Ϊεԭ򣬵䡣
򣬴ʱޣȻѾ봴񣬴δ֪ʱС
˫㣬̬ͨԼΪķͨ񼶵ķԲ񷷨һ֣Ϊ򣡡
Ҷ˫ͫµơ
ֻƣͻȻǰգΪֻɫĴ㣬໥ƣѭ
ȻֻΪ񽣣໥ͷųĹƣΪֹ̬ꡢ籩Ʒȵȡ
˫ֻǴһ̬Ӵ˵򣬿ںκε֮ͨС
ɴ֮ȫָԪҶҲϸѴںϸ֮ͨУ޼ս˻ơڰ׾֮
Ҳ̺˴򣬲ǹҲ̺
ʲôֻ̺˿˿ֻ֮ʥؾ͵󱦱ҵĴȻԽʥֻֻӿ£̫ʼõֻôƵĶ֣ɽһΣͻеڶΣ


1716 Σտ
ȻԽֻֻֻ֮Ǵ֮еķ֧ʵǴµģˣĺˣĴ裬컯ȭֻеķ֧
ҶȲϵز֮еİϴ򣬽ѷƣ֮С
Ʋ
Ѿ׷ĵ·֮У῰̫޼˻׵ȵȵ
֮ҲŴ򣬲ϵ̤¸߶ȣռ֮ȻҲǴ֮еķ֧ߣҶȶ֮˸
¹ȥ
ͨﵽŽλĸ߶ȡ
ֻмӣв񣬻ҪӸ߼Ԫ񵤡񵤡
вҪԪ
Ԫ㹻ȴԶԶ㣬Ҷȵʵ̫䣬Ҫͬ
ͨ壬䣬Ƹ߼ﵽŽλԪ񵤣ȻԼʼƣﵽŽλ񵤡
ʦ˵Լƥ񵤣һϼѵ飬һ񵤣Ҳףӱ˵ָ߼񵤡
̣ҶҲһ˿⣡
ʱ䣬ʥأҪʮ꣬ʮڣвҶȻǿʢ־ʼƸ߼񵤡
ʮ꣬һλ²񣬽в񣬶ɽˣǲܵġ
磬ԴԭסǺͨǸĸԽǿ󣬵Ůٶȣǲһֲ˵ʮ꣬²ﵽв񣬾Ǵ²ĶС
Щߵ󣬵ĺʥ
ЩǴ˵ͨ޷ۼģжٸʮһҲû֪Ӳ֪ʮ֮УںεȵĴڡ
ҶȫǱ޵ʱ̣Զڳǳڵ̳
ׯ԰һ֮С
ʹߣǰµüĿ
һߣϷ
·һŮӣǵӴҶȵλŮӡ
ŮӰʩ񣺡ʹߣݼˣ
࡭ץסһ򣬿ʲô޴顣
ˣôˣλǰûҷ̳ѯչȻüĿӦֵøˣŮվһɻ󣬴ޱ𾴡
λˣʱֻǶἰĳ
ţ
ҿλ˵ϣ²񣬾Žλ²Ҫˣһпܴﵽϲͨв񡭡Խ˵Խء
Ůƺټ߸ϵĻߣΪһ˵⡣
ĬһԼҲ˼һϧ벻ףٴʵˣʲô׵ģ
㲻Ҫʣٴ̳һҪƿϢʱһ´ȥɣ¿ɲһ˿©
֣ϣ
ŮӾ㵲ѣ˲뿪ƿռ䡣
¹ӭˣ
Ů뿪߼̴ӱתֻ֮ϣֳһ޵ӺӰģ
Ӱ˻ƣͳ̳¹غܴΪ࣬ʮֻмˣӶԷӰ񣬾˶֮ϸԪݽĲ£½ߣ
ѵ̳´׷ɱĩİй̳ߣһ𣬴󺧶
Ӱͷ֪£жҪ˰ɣ̳İ
Խٷ̳омƻ
ɲġʥˡֱ̳ϣ£ûãҵͷأ˵˼Էδɽ磬̤ˣֻˣƿߣ࣬˵ˣݽһֱ£ȴ޷£ô࣬ӦϸԪĩڣӡȻϽ磬ݽ뿪ʮΣȻ¶ˣҲŷĩһɽ̤磬Ǳ½ԪðԶ޷ϽΣգбԭڻ֪ݽԲķּ
ڱ֮ϵĺӰÿһ֣ࡢصȻӵʥ˵˼ȻҪǣҪץסطĩҲҪ࣬Լ²һץסΪ̳Լ˵ģǾͲʸ֪ģ
أ·̳һž֮ɫ
ǰһ첻ãҵͷûпܱסΰʵӦܲµõ鼰ʮһ첻ãֻ·һ
ǡ
̳ߣʼһ亹ɵڲ
ﵽŽλԵЩ΢΢ͽ׾磬ˮ
ؾȣ
һϢҶȣУѿҪﵽŽλ״̬ٸͨﵽŽλ߶ȡ
һӿ޷ͻвҪһʱڡ
ĸ£Ŷ˴£һ¾ȥѯչѹ˿¡
ֹͣУʰһҶȱ㼱ȵ뿪ؾȡ
δʥصǳأٶһ룬ֻҪ졣
ûӣҶֻѰʱ̳ׯ԰ǰոǰˣԵ쳣飬ӭ
ҶȵǺ⣬ϴԷ䲻ȣɣСͻδ̫⡣
һֵͷҶԺ˴£ׯ԰
һɨ쵹ûһˣҶٴθоЩԣȻ߶龻֣˫üһԾɱɱڴԺΧǱʮɱ֡
ˣ֣ѵңֿ̫֪͡ΣգҶȻƫ
ȻϴνӴĺŮӣҲ쳣Цݣǰͣҿһʱ䣬Ҫҵˣ䣡
ŶҶü䣬̸־ϲ
Ůӵ飬ʮңмλˣڹżĺ򣬼ҪѰңΪвȻǻصʮǡãǾھǳأԶһɭ֮УһֱУڼ䣬δ뿪ɭ֣
ߣһһŮһʱ䣬Ҷ뵽ξ
ȻУ²ƺһλλҵӣʲôǿߣɭֵλãŮӺֱӣش֮󣬱һץһ׸Ҷȣʣǧʯ鷳ͽ壡
ץס֮ҶȾʹӴ䣬óǧʯŮӣɺŮӣͳׯ԰
ŹɲǣŮӾͱĮǿɱŮɲ
ׯ԰ڲֳ̳Ůóһ飬ҶǷһģһ򣬲Ҵ߶ӡ֮Ϣ΢΢Զ˸ˣö򣬴ںηԸӦ
ʵɭ
ɳʮ鼶ɱ֣м鼶ɱ֣ŮӹشȻ𾪣ĿʵˣΪζһͨ⣿Ҫɳ鼶ɱ֣Ҳһ²ѣ
²ͬԤϵǰ㣬Ǹ²񣬶£˳ɣץסˣ棬ʧ֣Ǿ鷳ˣΣҲҪԸϹȥ˿©
̳Ǹ߲Ĵڡ
û취ֱ̳´ˣҲһˣ
̳һһƮϢŮӣһԺʮɱ֣ɱ뿪ׯ԰


1717 
̶뿪̳ڽֵ֮еҶȣûлûģȻͷ²еٶȣǳء
ˣ̳֮УԽԽԾ
Ҷ˼ϵػ룬Ӹ̤̳иܵɱԼһƽʱһ
δйκνӴһͷҶȾȻȻã飬ȫûй
еɱȻ
ϸϸûнӴˣֻһˣôȻҲڽӴ
ߣҶͨӦֺŮӽһ΢ıԴϢ̳ͷţͨӦһ˱ԴϢѾҲ뿪˳ǳء
ˡݣ֮ӦûȥݽֻԶʮʮǡþڳǳظҲ̫ͻȻˣ
̻ҦףûƭңҪһˣ̻ͨᣬû䣬ƫƫڼʱ䣬Ϣȷҵ֮أ
Խϸ룬оĶߣԽʵ
ۺ֮ǰԿ϶ɱӦþ
ˣ벻ͨʲôʱʼԹ
ΪҪԸ
ѵ
ĺȻ䣬Ҷȵüңһ죬벻ܣķ࣬Ī֪ƭǣѾҵݣϾݽµǿߣӦҲʮӵһ֪ȵѰ֮УӦǷѰҵ࣬ǹ࣡
ˣ֪ǣΪҪԸң
˼ȥҶɻ࣬һһ㣬ʣֱøӣѰҹߣǲ֮䣬ʲôֻ֮ʱйʣֻǣǲµݽйϵ߼пܣɽ磿
ϵطȻûҵһҶŵԭ
ΣȷҪԸ
ǰ̶֪ѨҲҪһҪŪΪζԸңǣûеõ䣬ԡҪðһδա
ͨ壡
ҶͻȻӡһͨ˳Ҷнӹ򣬴ӶĵͼѰٶȣϿš
Ҷȵıʩչ̷֮ǰƹֻͨ²ٶȣﵽвͽ׵ٶȣһȥɭֿ
ԳԽͨʮٶȣҶȲϰյͼ꣬ɹɽ룬ʱ֮󣬹ȻһƬһģһĹɭ֡
龻֣
ŻٶȣϢɭΧɽ֮УȻ߶龻֣ӦɭֵһС
𽥵ģӦһɹɵͳɵɱϸӦԽԼʮˣǱɭ֮С
ȻͬûиӦʦϢĪһжľ֣ܿ϶ʦࡢ̫ʼڲУϾ޷ﵽģգҪð
Ծһգ߶֮ͨϢֻвٶȣɭ֡
û뵽ڲһ㲻ĸӦ󷨡
ɭ֣أȻӦһ΢еĸӦ磬ﵽвϲ֮䣬ϾȻǳϲ߽ףпԸ߲ĳ
Ը²ҲǴСá
ҲҶȼʶִ֯µܣԸһ²񣬾Ȼϲ߲ǿߡ
ʩչ֮ϴ򣬶һں򣬽Ӵ磬໥ںϣҶȺ׽С
СԾֺ֮УֻǼҶȾͲòͣͷǰǧɱ֣ϴĳԷ뾫񣬸߶ȼС
ϲɱ֡
ӦԷϢҶȻ΢΢һɱ־磬Ȼϲ뽣ǿߣҶ뵽뽣ֵĳǿٶȣֻԷһʱ䣬һУնɱ
ڴﵽ²۷壬ϲ񣬻һ࣬ȻǶ֣Ѳ⡣
Խɱ֣Ҷ𽥸ӦһƬɱȦɭڣνɱķҶȵ󷽷ȥɭ룬Ҫȷൽڲɭ֮С
ʱɭ룬߶龻֣Ӧټɭ֣Ӧ죬κ龻Ӧ
ֱ֮󣬻龻ʧҶȼΪʧ̾ûдʦ˿ϢһжⲼµ塭ܾʹ뿪ҪͨŪҶֵԭܻ
ԭ·۷ɭֱԵǰʮɱ֣ǱȦҶȼ̷ѳһͨ壬ҿʼؾ׼ʱɱ֡
һȥ
ɭֱԵ˫ɭɭĿ⣬ҷ϶ǰãա
̳Ůӣ
ˣϴȥȴ˽Ȧ֣̳ܶŮ˺󼸲һӡɢ֮С
գۣҶȴǰջ
ȻȻϿɭ֣ҶȽϣ˿ΣʱҶȲɭǰפһᣬɭ֡

ԽԽ뷱ʢңҶһȦȦҶҶɽ߶򣬰յͼѰš
ৣ
Ȼǰһӡ𻨡
ٿٿٿ
Ҷȸշ֣ԥ֮ʣ˷֮УһâΪһž޴ͻͻͻ
һ̫ͻȻʯ䣬ҶȾѱѹסź¡һصڵ棬ѿΧŴ

һ¸֣ƹȰӶվΧȻ̳źŮӣһӺڰ֮߳
֮£Ҷȿʼ²ʵηϲʩչͨһɨһˣ򾲵ʵʲôˣΪҳ֣
ʶ𣿡
ŮӴĮޱȵͫ⡣
㣡Ϊζҳ֣ŮӣҶǴ㵣Ȼߵغ
ǣûʸ񣡡
̳߳ɭƣҶȣΪҪࣿǲǸոմɽ磬̤磿
ʲôɽ磿ҶԵЩңæڡ
̳ƤЦⲻЦʵ˲ʵСӣΪҪѰ࣬ӦҲǸոգɽ̤һԱɣ
û뵽ݣܲ³ҵݣ
󷽼ԶУҶ߶ͨ뱻ץסͨ壬Լʹࡣ
ףΪҪԸ
ô֪ɽ硭£Ҷֹͣ侲һӷ̳
̳ȫҶϵ⣬ⱻ׸ЦΪҪҵ࣬ͨڲһ˶ԣû뵽ϸԪߣݽĸ㾳ֵͣǰӣһɽһټ࣬ôһСˣǲǣ
ΪҪЩ
ҶͻȻһмģһɨˣУĸɽ׹꣬ݽˣҪǶԸңʱݽŹǣ
˵ļǡ
Ҷȹ⻣˵һ÷̳Ƶģɱʧңĩ䣬ôȻ鷳ҵ࣬˵ʵڵģҲԸݽԹ޳𣡡


1718 
ѹƣ޷Ҷȣ֮ͬУüʵҷĩ
Ȼɽ磡̳ԱλŮӣ¶Цݡ
˳ȥӽԽҶȹأ·кܴ̣һЦɽΣʲôˣǣɽԶԶֹڴˣǷĩȻԴ˷ǳϤɽ磬ҺԸ칬Ҳƿ࣬ڷĩĲ߻Ϊ񣡡
Ͷˣ
̳ЦЦȻ޷ԤϵһĻ̷һץǻƣҶץȥ

̫£סҶ֮ʣյƤڣðѪָԽҶ塢첲
Ը߲ʹҶ޷ֱУʹعȥ֣㳡ѳΪϰߡ
ָ̳΢΢ջأҲȥɭıʣˣͷʵʵشȻĺѿֶΣ֪Ϊʹζ
ҿˡҶǱػش𣬴Ӿ㵵ӣԿóԷ
ࣿʲô
һԺŮӣǰһëȻݽһѣж鼶ףԪʼ񣬴˵֮еʲôǰһֻʲô࣬Уһϣ

ʱ˿̣Ҷȵϣ𲻿ŵı飬ģ𺳡
ʵȻ
߲вͨɱֶϲ񣬶ݽУһͨ֯ӵеĵ
ǲںֻ࣬ںĩ
ת˲ҶԺһĳ˫üһĩΪӶ½ѰѵָʹߣҲǷĩĿɽһֿܣǾ˻ǮѰҷĩΣںɽ󣡡
˿̷̳һвǲ˵̳Ȳɱ㣬ĥһӣ㽻̳ϵʥˣǿΰʥҪѻ꣬׾٣㵽ʱڵĻᶼûУʵʵ㻹δҪסһ㣬ﲻɽ磡
ʥ񣡣
ҶȲ˶ʣ޷
Ȼӵʥ񼶱ľͷ
ʥʲô߼ԶŴսĽͨδ飬ǸϵԪ֮УΪ񣬳Խͼ磬ǿߡ
ʥأʥͷͲˣȻΪʮһʥأӵʥ񼶾ͷǷϳ
Ϊһɱ֯һͨҲʥͷǾһ㲻ϳ
Ҷûϵһͨ˲򵥣̻ᣬʮһ֯µҲ޷ﵽָ߶ȣʮδֻһʥءԼ֯
̫ˣ
̻֯ҶҲ֪Ĵڡ
úúãֻҪɱңʲô˵ڣʵǰҶȱǱͬ⡣
̳δ¶˿ϲɫƺһжԤ֮УССһ²ĥ
ʵȻǷĩĸ֪ռ˶ٱԼٵĵԴ
Ҷʵش𣺡ж٣Ȼңȷ٣ڵԴɳǿߣΪռ֮ԼֵĵԴ
жϰɣ
Ȼ룬Ȼܶ꣬Ҳδõٱϧǡɱڷϻı
ܽ磬ҾͲˣа취ʮ׼ȷҵĩټ
ǽһӡ˵һɢԴ߶ӡң
ܺãϡ
̳ʮ⣬һ˿ЦݣЦȴѪȵģɭɭֵ˴ȥ׼̳ʹߴߣ
ಣ
ϲ񣬵һΧ߶ӡ޴ʼС׵زסҶȣ׷ӡġ
֮ǰ̳һĥҶѻ˿ڣ˵Ĳᣬ˵һϲ񣬾һͨͽλвҲƿҶȡ
οϲɱ֡
Ҫһӭ̳ʹߣǧ⣡֮ǰɭ֮Уɱ֣ȻǸ߲Ĵڡ
ǵΪƣȷ̳Ҫǿ
ǣƫƫ̳ܵƣƿأһ֣ʮɱ֣ɳɭָ߿ա
գգ
չͷں󷽰ϢҶȣ澪ڲü߲ϲ
ʵܾȳԼͨ壿
Һãͨ崦״̬һ²ϲƿ£ճ˵һӳȥĿԣҲûС
ϲ񡭡ǲýʱ䣬̳ѾȥӼʲô̳ʹߣĿֲڣ
£õĳֻᣬҶȿʼ߶һͨ壬ʩչ֮Ͽ
ϲҲ˵Ҷ²񾳽磬ҪԽٱǿߡ
Ŀֻ꣬ǧʱҶһͨϣˮͨ壬ͨʧǰ
Ҫȫ߶Ԫһ
Ҫնɱϲ񣬻ɱɱ֣ҶȲӲƴֻͻϮˣ޼᲻ݵˮԼһԪ
ȻмʣζҪȫ߶
ӡҪʵǸ²Ҳܴ⣡
ϲɱ֣ڽӡһӡɷӡϲҶϵӡγɴﵽϲ۷ķӡ
˵ҶͷۣͷűۣҲûһߡ
ԼʱӡŽҶȼֱǱ˽ӣһӡģûһ϶
ţǰһƬ¶ղݵȥƺҪɳɭ֡
ͻȻǸո֮߳ʱǰĲݵؿռ䣬һŤǳ⣬ŴһƬռ㣬΢ϯ

ǳ㣬΢ϯҶڶ
ƺʲôռԽգͷųûʲô֮ɵĿռŤΣգǼ·
Ϊǿϲɱ֣һɨϯŤǳ⣬˫ͫͷžǿƣκ쳣
˴ǿӭǳ⡣

һ֮ʱͻȻ֮УγһµӰֳһľӰƴɨ֡
ͬʱһ𣺡ã
޷ܣֻܴ߶ϲǿֵӰ
벻ӰײǷɲǼ䣬¡һֱǷ飬ͬʱ³ѪӰ֮źʵֳҶȣٴǰһơ
¡
ǰ֣ӰֱӺԴӰһЩְѺɱԴ飬֣ȴץסٶȣٵغˣҶʩչԪѾٶȡ
͡
ɱ֣һξ룬ҪʩչͻȻһҶȣǺ棬֮У߳һģһ⣬ʯ䣬̹˵һֵüģ޼᲻ݵ̹ڶüġ

Ҷȱץʱ䣬ֱˮ֮ʣ̴߶Ԫ˵Դ
ʱѪֻʣͷʬ塣
ǰһʬ塣
ںϣ
ҶԪһһͨصڣְͷ֮ʬģӡͨǰ
ӡ̫ˣϾƿġ


1719 ص
ȥ취ǿӡ
ͷһͬӡͨ壬֮С
Ȼתյ춼Ѫɭ֡
龻֡
ԼκϢ
߶龻֣ʼתѪȫȼգһϢˡ
̷ߡ
Ҷȱ󣬳һâ۵ĳȻߣųһȣҶȱ㴩󲻼ˡ
ʮ
ಡ
һƬӰŷ̳£ֻʣһЩսӰĿյϡ
ɶ񡭡
̳Χִ߶ͷŸӦһף޷ף׷ʲô£ңңǾߣҲҪҳ
ǣ
ûлˣ
ͻȻһɭɭǺ󷽡
ˡ
̳ߣƺԤϼʲôֲ԰׼ɵ飬ոתһĨâˡ
һ˵ʮɱ֣Χɭһһâʧȥ
һ̳ĺӰӣ߳ǷУӵмԦռĴͨľͷ
һȺץһ²񡭡
ӰӳЦͷһƬâ͸յĿռ䣬ȻΪ㵣һϢֻе߶Ϣһ²ӵеֶΣʥǿߵͨ
ջ񣬺ӰתòȴԵʮ᣺ԽԽ˼ˣĩҿȥص磬Ȼһʱ䣬Ҹ̵ռıغĴƻһ˿һĲأʱҿ¶ᱻĨɱ໹޷ҵټҲܷŹ֮ǰǸ²ĻϢȥ

ת˲غӰһ̤Ӱʧڲãա
֮
ʥΧգ
ˣŻˡ
һӰŵ⣬֮УȻ֡
ҶȲ˲ͷ麹ȷû쳣֮ϻûرģ¼Ԫ񵤣ָģŻعʥء
ؾȣ
ոأҶȲδһʱ䣬صУˣ£ǰݼعȥһ䣬֮󣬲Żصľ¥
ҶȻδӾһĻĻУع
ľȴʮ侲ĳ̫࣬ӷ絽ɽ磬ͬԷˮƽ
߶󷨣ľ¥ϢʼɸԪ񵤣ӡ֮Ԫȫ߶Ԫʣ޼ȫߣȫģǿܼʱϻʥء
ԪߵϢƣ˵ȴСƣԶָ
ع֮ҶȲſʼϸϸǰǰ
˲ǲԸңץĩԼԸϸԪĩ½磬ռֱ˼ֲ÷ĩɽ磬˿ɵ࣬ԭԼӵֻ֯Ǵֿ̫̰˵ƽӹ½õıΪһϧôŹ
ϸϸķζõ϶Ҳµ磺ǿҲʮּɵĸԣɽʱݵ·ĩͥԭҲ֣ĩ򵥣ŴܵǯơȻ֪ʮзĩĴڣôڣʮа˾ţѲʮ˵Ŵʦ㡢̫ʼ̤ǿ̣δ̤ʮϾһδŶۣ˽磬һϸµ׼ҵ
Ҷ𽥷֣뷨ĩĴڣɽ磬ֻһʼĩ࣬һСˡ
ټ磬Ƕǲ򵥵Ĵڡ
ң뷨ĩϣźܴܡ
غֹغݽݽԪʼҲһ˴ԽĴ۸ӡ
ɽ磬ֻһʼɽһǰˣ
ץĩʥͷͨ£ҡ纡ơܣȫ¶ǰǵ֮ȻҪͻвҲٴǿ
ʱȣܱһץĩ
һĩץˣֻܱڵһʱ䣬뿪ʮǿص磬˳뿪ģ
ʲôͷ
һΣͻȻͳǰҶȶЩƣȻ뵽ʲô̰ϲʬ壬
һܶϲʩչѻֻȡĽִָѰһ˼ֻö䡣
߶Ԫ߶ö䣬ȻҶԤϵһֳϲǿķӡ
Ϊ˰ȫҶȰö䣬֮УȻ߶ͨþʩչһɿµʼöķӡ
ҶȻɸϻָŽλ״̬
ڲȥٶ꣬ͻȻҶȾ;ϲٴͷԪ䣬ֻһͨѾƿӡҵ֪ĺܶѶϢʯԼ񵤣Ϊȴûκε
ҵͬݵƣͨʶգҶ֪˵ĴţգҶȺʧûзмֵϢֻ֪ŵϡ
ͨԱûʸ֪̳ܡ
ʮ̳ʮ֮Ҳвٵķ̳̳ûἰ
֮УˣΪȼ
ӵ͵ߣǵ顢顢顢顢ʥ顢պ󾳽ƥԣвϲ񡢸߲ʥ
Ҷɱϲɱ֣һ鼶ɱ֣̳Ǹ߲Ĵڡ
ɴ˿ɼʵȷˣͼĵ飬в񣬶ʥʥͷȻǴ˵е
񣬽֮µľͷνʮһ֮£֮ϣӵκʵʸ񣬵۹ʥء
̫ʥءʥءʥءʥص䣬ʥҲ
ʵҲʥأ
Щɱ֮УҲûмֵĶϵͨӡҲûУȼȻɭϣκεͼɱ֣ܡ
˺ܴջ񣬶ֻҪץסĩңûжٵĽӴϲʬ壬һЩ񵤣ʯвѾû⣡
պһУҶȱ㿪ʼ׼Ҫȫ̾Žλﵽв
֮ʣʶ˱ӡ޷һͨϡ
ȷǿķӡƳ޷˳в񣬶ҵУĪӰ죬ҿռѹϴӡ
뵽취һͨ壬ʩչ򣬿ʼͨϵӡ
Ҷȱ𴢴ͨ帺ӡȲԾҶѾ׼в
̳
ˣ
һˣʮɱ֣غӰǰ
ӴԺ̳̳ճȻȫѰҷĩ䣬ɴ⣬Ǹ²һҪ
ӰӾӸ£͸ϣ֮û˸ҷֵʱ䣬ҶڸǳأκջҪһʱңȥɣ
ǣ
˰뿪
ǳڣҲδӦǸ²ϢǱǿߣҵĩ࣬ˣֻҪҵκһˣҵ˵İգ͸ˣǷĩ
غӰһ˼̲Ӱӡ


1720 žŹһв
ؾȣ
䡭
ڣ̫ҵǰԸ߿գӡͨ壬ͻȻվӡȻըһɻơ
ǳɹˣͨ壬ںϣ
ҶڴԪ֮УӦͨѷӡӡͨ뿪䣬ںϡ
ֶԪɼԪ񵤣ﵽʢ״̬
֮Уһϲɱֵʬ壬һɰ˲ϲۺԪϵشʬҶڡ
ڣſԴ໥ѭﵽһ޷͵ƽ״̬оǿǰ䣡
ҴۺԪ
¹ȥ
ҶȻۣ֮ͫУŶĿĽ⡣
в񣬾žŹһ
˫һϣеԪͻȻ
֮УſԴͬʵϪˮ໥֮䣬ѭҶȽӡ߶ſԴѭٶȿʼӿ죬ΧԪٶγһƬС
磬Ժ֮УֻоſԴѭγֻ״̬
һжʧˣֻڽӴ磬ŴԴת
ʥͨķ֮У²вľ飬ҶȿʼʩչſԴһģһӡ
ŴԴǶļ壬ӡʼɢϢϱɢӡ˿Դɢӡ𽥵ںϣγһ޴ӡͷŴâľſԴ
ʧȥӡľſԴŲϼӿתâϢ󶼿ʼںϡ
ѣ
ҶͻȻۣһɾٲ𵤣𵤵֮ͻȻѹƾſԴ֮ϡ
꣡
ſԴȻ飬Χ޴ӡʼתľſԴƬ𽥵ں
ԴɲǣҶȸоһϢ·Դʧָо˿ϣھǿǡ־ԼǿԪԼʱ򣬵ȻԪҲز١
棬Ҫﵽܸߵĳ̶ȣܼԦԴһںϡ
Ҷȼţ磬ԴںٶȻ⣬һ£ûȫںϣҶֿʼӡ߶ͷŷ𣬴߶Դںٶȡ
µӡҲʼ룬ӳԴΧ
ںٶڵڶڣʼ˱仯
ٶ𽥼ӿ죬֨֨ȼ޴ԴʣӡںϣԴڲϵرҶȱžʼ²ʼԽ𽥴ﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ˣԴҲδںϡ
ʼСմﵽһңΧӡ󷨣Դɢ顣
ͬʱҶȿƣںԴ֮У͸һص
֮ľ¥ؾһڵʱؾԶҶȵڡ
ȻһϢֲһоŵ٣ǿµ
ᡣ
عһ֣Ϸһ˵ľŵ٣ǰһƬڣοЦݣصעţʮ꣬Ҫ̤в񣬶ҴԱͨ²٣Ҫǿ
ȻĵӣҲϢ׷׳֡
ͣ
ŹףҶںԴ֮ʣȻľ¥¥Ҷȷ
ʱҶȵı棬ѪۣɼԪ񵤣ϲףƻʱΪһѹٵ𽥰ٱƳ⡣
ܿ죬Ϣʧˡ
ڲһɶԴҲΪһֱ߾޴Դӡ̵رš
žŹһŴԴ飬ںΪµԴ
һԴȫ²ſԴơâͬԽʮ
ûüˣͿʼ顣
в񣬴飬΢ǴӾʼըȻڲٷ֮ʮҵȫ飬ƤҲʼ䣬ȼա
ҶȲò״̬£ɲ񵤣ϲ֮ʼ
ɽ٣µľ磬ҪģҶȲ˻ľ¥ԸڻؾȣعʱҶΪвõʱ
ߣڶɽ֮ǰҶѾӡе̫һԼɽ٣Ҳû˿Էܡ
Ͼ²в񣬶˵еΣԣǺܴ󣬶ﵽ߼ӭ٣ǻġ
ϣڣԴѾԴΪģҶеԴв׼ҶͨںϣγɵﵽԴͬҲв߶ȡ
һ̣µѭµ㣡
¹ȥ
һ꣬ӽǰ׼ʱ˿̣ҶȵƤһȻâ״̬˳Ϊһв
ϣڲҲγһȻĴѭ״̬Ҷȿ߶Դͷŵ
ϲʬ壬һҶһɶ̤вʣ㹻̤вλ¡
ﵽһ״̬ԪȻ֧Уᣬﵽв߶ȡ
ֹͣУΪӦعһֱںϷעߵһһҶҪһʱ䣬ȥԷ
ң̤вѷʥأΪʽӵı׼ͬҲҶȴӴˣҪ뿪ؾȣص
ʰһܣһεķӡȻ뿪֡

ںϷ㣬ҶȱعǰȻǰǰʩ
ع΢΢Цף㣬̤ʥػʮ꣬²̤вʽΪʥصĵӣʵӴˣԹʥس룬̤в磬һϸ󣡡
лգҶȲܾģУƿ̤в񣡡Ҷٴʩޱϵĸм
ûʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵҵԵ֣߰ɣҴȥʥ
عȻԳĬԵɫȻҶȣɳؾȡ
ʮ˾޵ɽ̤ݣɽۣ֮ҶּڹǰȴҶȡ
֮ʣӹעǶӦҶȵǿƣһ΢²񣬳Ϧ֮䣬Ȼ̤в
ɲԭס񣬶ǿԼУɽķߡ
عʥ̧ͷ֮ʣФ뛕ˣԼĪʮ߲㣬ڴС
ÿ߲㶼ڵһʱ䣬ҶȵΪȷﵽв֮һɫ˱仯
ĪϵһڣοЦҶȣûйŵ̶ʱ䣬Ϊһϸʥصӣ
ʥ࣬Ҳн죡Ҷȹ˵Եóʮ㣬ǫ
ʥع涨
ΪִϵěˣһӼ׽ӼһӣҶȿɽ磬ӵǱҲǱ㽫صУӣΪʥ´ͣʥؾ̫ϵӣеȨ
ŶҶȺܳԾ̫ϵӣÿʥأܳҪĵӣһв񣬻ӵ̫ϵӵȨ
ʱعԼи߲㣬򛕷ˡ
Ҷȣ͸ʥصϣΪԪµӵʸ񣬵㻹ҪͨһĿ飬ΪԪµӣ̫ϵһģԣҪõĿ飬ҪΪʥ¸๦ͣҳΪӢӣŻӵ٣ΪӢӣҲΪﵽϲͻӵӵȨ


1721 뵤
⡭
Ҷȵֳһӯ
ȻֳģʼЩ⣬£˵Ǻ¡
ȻǺ󻰡
ʮ߲㣬Ҷ˱飬޲͸żָ߸ϣԤϰ΢Ц
Ȼֻعɫݡ
ФϣſҶʵǺϸʽӣȻҪ뿪ʦֵĻؾȣصصве֪ĸ⣿
ӡ
żɫҶȹ˼ض˶٣ȻΪڴĿǿҵ˵ϣ뵤У
𣿡
߲㣬е⣬ôҶȴѡ񣬶ʥضԣ֮صĵС
ңҶֳưɽʿӦ׷
ٸ߲ɻҶȽ͵ɽ磬ҲһЩ磬У񵤣еİʥأԲ˵Ը
˵꣬
ȻִҪʥҲû
ڳϣû뵽Ҷһ˼ִţΪִϣ˴һӡ
֮
һݵӣ֮Уг߲ʩ
ףʾ⿴Ҷȣʦܣǰһӣ̤ĵУλմӻؾȴﵽʽӱ׼ҶȣҲӣ
ԭǵ֮һ磬ʽӵ̫ϵӵĵ󣬶¹
Ҷȣͷһɨӣ¸һԵ֮һ
翴Ҷȣûж飬ʩ񣺡Ȼʥذţһѧ߼
عʱڣҶȣʦʩ񣡡
ŹѣҶתʩ񣺡Ҷȣʦ֣ڵУ鷳
ţ簺ʾ⡣
ҶȣΪʽӣʥضнʮ׳񵤣вһλŽλ̤ϲȻһǧʯ
֮УФһץһö䣬ǰҶȡ
񵤡ʯˣΪӣȻӣ֮
֮Ҷȴż飬ع뿪ʥ˵ڵȴҶȣԼػؾ׼
عؾȣӴĽͱҶȡ
Ҷȵûʲôʰģع񣬺ֶһŶĿ֮Уʧȥ
صǧɽ֮Умɽ壬Ľ磬
ڲһɽ塣
ΧĪʲô·
ɽۣ֮һʮߵɽ֮Уûȥʮ˲㣬Եư硣
ʮӣΧڱΧţŮӣþһˣ
һеӣæץסᣬȺ߳ʦ㣬һµӣҪ뵤󣡡
һʲô˵ģȥУǹһĮƣɫһʱѲŵֱˡ
ӲҿȫȺı飺ӿɲ򵥣ղԹ£Դ̫ϵǵӣ
ԹԹվԱһλŮüһ
Ů֣ã԰ƣͷųǵҪӣʲôͷ
ʦ֣
˿̣һ㣬ɫĺش֮ڣͻȻ߳ǰ֮һ硣
ˣһҲصĸ߲㣬Ϊﵽϲû̺ƿƣҲ۸ڶ
Χʮӣӭ
𣿡
𵤻߲㣬ǰ̧ͷȥֻӰطǰһף˳
ҶҶôɱģ
󲿷ֵӣں棬İ֮УΩ͵һڸ߲ǰ󣬱סһŭԽҶȡ
㣬ʶԱǸŮǸо쳣ŨҵĿ⡣
ǣ˾ǰӣǼ»Դĸͷ
ɽķߣʮ֮һΪǡŮһ˫ǳͫصҶȣ
Ҷһͬ뵤ӣ뿪ҶһƵ߲ǰ񣺡Ҷȣλʦ֣
λʦܣλǵ½ӣҶȣʥ԰ţ뱾еĵӣ
һ֣̺һɾҶ𣬼תһɨڳӣ֮ȻҶȽ뵤֮С
Ҷʱİ飬ʧȥ
ǼȮ죬ĵطȥƫǾðҺĻ𣿡ҧ񴽣һΣֱֺޣȻǣ֣ĵӣһ뵤
ʮ˲ռ䣬ĵӣڵһϤ߲ռ䣬ܶ񵤣̤߲㣬ֻҪΪϲ񣬼̳ΪӢӣ
߲㣬ҶȽ뵤ڲռ䡣
ڲռ䣬Ⱦһͨϲ㵤¥ݣȻһռΧ硣
߲ҶȽ磬ӭ
磬֮󣬱ʾ뿪
߲㣬ֻʣһĸ߲ӣҶȽܿռ䡣
ҽܵǻǵصʮλ֮һУ¾ңԼĹʦָ𣡡
ʥ꣬һλв̤λϲľӢӡ
ûܣҶȾԴӵƣҵԷϢ
ȻڵڣûعФȸ߲ϢھӢӡĵӻǺȫġ
ܰڷŵ鼮йصģڸ鵤Ĳͼܣʮ֮࣬һЩʣ˵Һ壬ľˮص֮ǳ֮࣡
һ֮УﲻΪҶȽܣҲһ˿ţȻиֵܣҪΪһʦȾҪ˽磬̬̺ʲôҩҪһһ죬Ҳ֪ʶ𣬸֮࣬ޱȷḻ
Ҷһ⣺ʦ֣鼮ݣ̤㵤
ȻģҪ֪ٵ鼮һĵӣҪ꣬ܰ鼮ס΢΢ŵĵӣҲҪ꣬ȻܹǰţֻҪʮͿ
ȻΪҶȹһ£˶ģ΢ҲδٱֳܵеһͬˣȵϤ֪ʶȻܿʼ߲㵤ӴϣӴʵ壬һ֮󣬲ſʼϰһЩϵӡǹģһ׼λܿʼʵʶ֣Ƶҩ
ˣлʦֽ̻壡
ٴʩҶϡ
ףΪʥǧ̤꣬뵤꣬ܿʼһЩͨ²ȼ׳񵤣꣬Ҷ˵̫ˣڴʿʲô
óҲһˡ
ջ˵Ḷܴ́꣬ӽ뵤˽鼮ȻӴʵ壬ַղܶ񵤡
꣬ŻȷԽͨӡ


1722 ɽ
ʥأǵӣָֻܹٶˣصָ࣬ˣӢָʮӣ̫ϵֻмˣ
Ҷȣһռ䣬תתȥʱʱֳһ鼮ĿҶָָ㡣
һռ䣬鼮鼮鼮ȷЩ˷
ԽԽףǳΪ̫ϵӣҲԴﵽ̫ϸ߶ȣǷָ²ģҲεģҪΪ̫ϵָĵӣҪ֣ҪŬ
ƺ֪Ҷȵıл
ҶȻףԽǫ顣
͵Լڣû㵸˵컨׹
ǵ󣬲˶Խģʥнʮӣֻмˣ뵤ʦܣǳûнܹȨ󣬶£ǰã뿪Ƿָǧ꣬²׳񵤣޷ƳɹˣǷָΪʽвҪľ׳񵤣
һ㣬Ҫסûйͬ⣬ǲ̤Լ߲㵤ռ䣬ʥص֮أûдﵽҪǲ֪ʶˣڳȥҴڼɽ壬ѡһ
˵꣬Ҷ뿪
ɽգҶȵǶԵûҪûҲܸˣָһ˵ҶȾʾӦ
ֻ㣬Ȼؾȵľ¥ٱֹ
̳ĿӡԼ뵤ķӡҶȣȻҶȽһȦŶҶȥ
ҶȻķ󷨵ȵȣڲⲿһƬɭ֣ӵҶµ󷨡
ȻһϢ
Ӻɣָս½ӣû⣬¸ռ䣡
뵤ҪĿģڳռ䣬С
ո̤вϢӡͨͣ²߶ȣʱôﵽвȻȥѰҷĩһ
ʮϾҶȻһҪ£Ҫ
ͷѳͨ壬䣬һ񵤣һ
Ҷȱһϲʬ壬ʣѡ
ʼ̰ϲﵽвϵߣָоޱȡ
ʥظΣ
߶䣬ץһ񽣡
ָ߳ǻɫƽʯ죬ڵȼȻвƷʣһвõƷʡ
óԴͨӻԣԣʥ֪Ҷɽ磬Ȼӵвٵıֻ˼һ¾Ͱˡ
Ҷȿɲ룬ͬһ棬ҲʥأȻע̺Ǳ
ΣҶȿʼ̺ϵϢġͷԪںϡ
ңʥزֹһѣ࣬ʽӵеļ彣֮һҲʥصӵ
ͨڲһ㣬Կóʥһ飬ͻȻҲȻ⽻ͨʽӡ
ں֮Ҷʥأõķ
¹ȥϲҶ֮ҶڣҶ𽥴ﵽһλвԼӡ֮ҶʵȻͬˮޣ߸ͽ
ֻвԪԽ²Ҫӿֲ
ﵽһ̶֮ҶֿʼԼͨҲڲϵشﵽв
֮
Ҷ˫ֹۣͣУͨﵽв߶ȣʱ򣬳ȥѰҷĩ
οɲȥһǳأȥ޴ʮ
뿪֮ǰʾԷҲùҶӣȻ⣬һͨ£ܹܵӣ
뿪ʥأҶȽֻð칦򣬾ǳأȥ̻ᣬһٶͼ²߽Ԫ񵤣ҦףȡӦıꡣ
ȻһףҶ̳֮أ̳һƽ̺ɱ
֮뿪ǳأһİף˸߿գѰһɽ£֮󣬿ʼʩչ龻֣ӦڷĩԺڵԪӡϢ
ɹգԽźڰȻ䣬龻ֹͣתҶȿҷϣ˵طǳңԶĵط˸ڷĩԺԪϢ
ⲻһˣǵڸӦԼϢ
Ҷʩչ̷һλвٶȣеĸ߶ȣֻʮɣٶҲˣǴ߶̷ٶȾ˽ʮδʩչߣ˲ϢԶ˳ǳظ
޴򣬴ҶȴԽˮǧɽһǳأһЩǿ
ʼʮĵͼмӦԪӡϢԽ֮󣬾·УҶҵĩڵĴλá
ɽ
ȻʮΣյĵط
ɽҶȻй˽⡣
ʮڲ޴Ŀռ䣬磬Ȼ಻һĻ
ɽһӵмϢıѩ磬ԭʼɭ֣ʮԪôɽ͵˶ټԪ֪ڲǶôء
ֻͨһԪģҲԪǿߣԪ֮ϣ˵Сơ
ɽʮʱ䣬Ԫжǿ壬˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣһ󣬶̤УɽҲ֣֮ء
⵽ɽҪӽһʱ䡭
ĩܣԶǳأ磬ȥɽΣ磬ȻΪ˶ǿ׷ɱ
У̷ҲҶ̫ò;Ϣһϲ
ǧɽǣ򡭡
Ҷ̹֮ǰ壬ƽΣ֣ͱɱ
̶ָҶִ߶̷ٸ·
УҶڼɽ
Ҳ֪ΪγΪɽ
֮ϣƮѩȻɫģɫëޱ޼ʵľ޴ɭɽ
Ҷʮʶɽųʥأǧ
Զȥɽ壬ǻҺɫģɭ͸ŵ£Ҳ౻Һɫѩǣɽ͸һɺĻɫϢһɲС
㿴ɽҶȻǷһ죬Žɽ
Ȼ඼Ԫµļ̱֮أеĳƬɭ֣ǻҺڵı״еɽҲǱ㸲ǣûж
ԽһɽҶȾ͸ӦµԼʣҲǿʿɽ֮С
˵Ľأǿߣеʥء
龻֡
Ҷҵһƺ˾סıɽѨУ֮󣬿ʼʩչ龻֡
𽥸ӦԪӡϢ
ֻǼҶȾȷ·λҲǿҸоԪϢĴڣ뷨ĩһ
˶ӻȷģֻǿʵ
ɽȷΣգ֣ȻһսҲиǿұһ󣬴ﵽһλв״̬ܼ룬Աͻ״
ҵĩλ֮ҶȲżһʱȥѰҷĩǿʼϲ׳Լʵ
̤ɽץסĩʹΣڵҶȣǿ壬Ҫա


1723 ħԨ
һ׼֮Ҷѵ۷״̬ĩڷȥ
Խɫ壬֮ϣ񷣬ȴһֱ»ɫĶëѩ֮ǰ¼Ƭѩ
ɽԵϷ룬ԽһƬƬɭ֣һԭԽоֻʣº䣬û¶ȣûйƺڰĵ
캮ضĺڰ磬˸оܴ塣
Ҷʩչ֮߶̷ڱɭ֣죬δɽ硣
˻˻
΢΢Щƣȫ߶̷ҪֿɽºٶȲҲǸոմϢĻᣬҶȺȻһ
ɣһʱ䣬ܵ﷨ĩڵ򡭡
ͻĹŹȻƾշת֮ʣҶɫϾɵʮӰӺ󷽴׷ոջףգۣһӰӱ֮£ֻǶɭ֮ͻȻӶ
Ȼ֪ʲôβɱҶȻǵһʱ䷴ӦڲʲôʥصӣʩչԪ޽γɹͷŶĿâӭʮӰ
ţٻԷǸıսʮȻֱײ޽
ͣ
޽ҲһϣһʱѪ裬ֻǸոշƬ̣ͳΪ˱Ѫ顣
ѪŹħϢЩˣƺ
ӦѪ̺Ҷʩչ֮ʩչһƬףһγɷȻַ֣Щ˸ƣûһ˼ά˸еΪʶ
ߡ
߶֮ҶϢӰ·ʧһ㣬ںȻ֮Уһ׺󷽣һĻһ
赲ʮ󣬹Ȼ
Ϊһƺħͬʬ⣬Ȼ϶߱κ˼άֻжϢĸӦ
ҶȷɹƬϢЩġ
ЩѾͬˣħûʶЩ˵Ϊ󲿷ֶϲ񣬾ȻǸ߲񣬶ƺ
Ϣʮ˺ףһƵģӷ״̬𽥵侲
ƺڸӦϢ
ָϻŴ䡭
ʧЩǿĶˣҶȴ֣ÿָϣһö䡣
Ҳ˵Що綾ǵɣΪĳЩȻأ棬һȺħһձħĨɱ˼άж
ӶҲ˵ɽȻΣޱȣµĲǵˣȻҲв
߲䣬ʮϲ񡭡˵䣬ǵҲ˼飡
Ҷȴ뿪ͷ뵽ޣҲҶȵ˼ԸЩˣ˵Сһ
ȻҶȱ˰գ޷ѹٻ޶Ըˡ
䣬ͨ֡
߶ӡһ̷ɵŻֳҶŻͷʢϢ
һá
ಡ
ʮˣͱҶϢһѷ䷢ƵطҶȣŻҲٿȻ
û˼άĻ֪壬һֻҶֻ򣬹Ϸ˵ϡﻩһ֮ͨͨڡ
ˡ
һɹâͻȻۣͨһˣ˾ռ䡣
Կռ䣡
һʮˣײе˳ͬʱҶȴϷٶ£ӡΪһʮˣͳͳ
䣡
֮Уﵽ߲Ŀ¾硣
ʮϲˣ֮ͬƻȴ޷ƻ߲һײеػӶ˫֣о񿳲񣬸ӣһͨذ˺顣
ʮˣɱҶȵΨһĿ꣬ٴȥ
ٿ
߲ˣצ˳ҶȼͷͻȻһӰ

ʯ䣬Ӱ֮Уֳ߲˹ޣʹ޲֮𵴣ڣԸ߲ƻֻ赲ǰˣ˿û˵
һĻҶȫ޵ʵٴﵽ߲Ҫ˺Ϸ˫ֽӡһɹĴ֮С
ʮϲˣǰһޣһ̣ңϵħ׷ױϷ𽥳Ϊһž޴ͷŶͷ˱Խ
ͣ
ǰ߶ոħʹһɿµĴȾƣ·ħҲҪ塣
̫һ
ħҲһ֡
̫һӶħӴħͻȻʵ̫һգٶԽԽ죬֮޼ɵ̫һ֮С
һʮϲˣΪҶȵ
ҶȲδһʱ䣬Ҫ洢̣վʱɱΣֵֶΡ
ϲʮѾΪľͷƵģվԽС¶ͷһ¹ȥһȫΪ촷ֻۣʣһƯڰյľ޴
򣬳ԽҶȼ̤֮λλв񣬼пܡ
촷֮Уץʮö䣬ӡڲһЩƣ֪ʮˣԭһǺĵӣ߲ǳϣ֪ΪմȾħͳͳɽ
䵹ûжٱмͲˣ񵤣ʥ˵²ȼࡣ
ת֮ʣͼѰ߲ҶȣƺҲԸ߲ĳȻһ磬ö䣬Ҷȡ
߲䣬Ӧкö˰ɣ
һʲôöЩͼؼʮֻ߲Ʒʣڸ߲֮лεģ񵤣мŴﵽ߲ȼĺö
ʯöһ𣬲żʯ󲿷ֻƷʯƷʯֻһ顣
ħԨĵͼ
õ䣬Ȼһʱ䣬ǹעʯȲҶȲע⵽д䣬һͬĵͼ
ɽ֮ħԨ
ҶֻɽŵͼչħԨͼǺܿҵħԨڣҶǣĩϢȻҲڹħԨ
˽ħԨͼ֮ҶȲ֪һпɺϡ
ħԨɽһأʮ֮ǰѾڣһȽʷĽأͼҲдŽܣħԨĵԪ֮ǰһǿħͷɽɽʧܡ
ɽ֮ɽһ޴ԨӴ˾ħͷħͷɽʧ֮ез׷ɢԨ֮УʱһЩѰô꣬һֱʿѰ֮ء
ԭħ񼶱𣬶ɽ֮˿ֲħǿߣҪҲҪʥۣɽʧܣǳɹʮҲͳΪħˣ
˽ħԨͼ֮ҶȶҲЩ档
һͷɽʧܣôʧ֮Ԫ飬õıǶ˹ħԨ֮ڣ

֮£ڴͨߣͷ֮еľͷӵеıǶô棬ؼǵõӵгΪĿܣ


1724 ʬȺħ
Σ֮أ̺˵Ļ˵߲񣬾ʥ񶼻ȥѰ˵ͨ񣬶пܽУѰҹħȻǿƼ֮أ
ͼѾסħԨһУպãɲ뿪䡣
ħԨƮ¸ܼĻɫѩ
ĩвΪҽħԨܣçײ֮ˣпܣǱɱ֣Ƶ·ȥѡ̤ħԨ
һҶԽżĩ̤ɽԸǱɱ֣һ˵ء
ץסĩҶٶһμӿ죬յͼɽѽǰ
ȻƮ»ɫĴѩƬ
ӹһɽǰһɽȣȴͬ棬ɭɭħĹɭ֡
ħΪħ棬ƺȼգдսĶƬɭûб⣬ԭƮѩδ䵽ɭ֮У㱻ħڻϸϸ۲죬ɭϿûκζƬɭҲ͸ŵϢ
ħԨ
ԱȵͼҶȷ˴ķɭ֣ɽĽأħԨҿԼɭ룬¶һƬڶħռ䣬Լʮ޴ħռ俴ƿһҲħĹϴ
ô߶龻֣ҶѸӦֵ֮ԪӡϢҾǺڶħռ䡣
Ԩأ
ԼԪӡϢҶҲӦκϢӦͨǹħԨħ̫ǿȫԽ²в񣬴ﵽϲ߶ȡ
Ҳ˵ֻϲ񣬲ſ̤룬в²ȥװǲȻɱҲᱻħѹԱ
ȻӦ޷Խħ߶ȣҶ̤֮ǰ߶··³һ˫۾
ңҶȶڹħԨħ¶̰ЦݣޣҲӼͷѣ·ʢħ
ħҲһ֣̫һգҲգ˵һʢ硣
Σյİ磬Ҷ뵽Ĳ棬Ϣ߶ѹȶħȻħԨ
Ӱ£ħɭ֣ȻħѹȶҶ׷ںϡ
̧ͷһħԨƺȵر³ɣҿԸӦ΢ĹϽǱħɽٵ˾޴ĵԨ
ΧһжӹҶ˫ۣ޷ӹһ˫䡣
ȻûɡϢħ֮ҲҶȸоϤħ
֮ǰʮˣǽɽ֮˴ħ޷ճΪˣ
˼Ƭ̣ע࣬ȻϢʩչһǰѾ޷УշУʵ޷ﵽħ߶ȣȻҲԣ߶̷ٶҲȲ֮ǰ
˵Ҳڴв
ϽԨɭ֣Ǻĺɫ̦ĵر͹ŴħֲԾһƬ档
ȻоϢҲ޷Χȷû壬ҶҲ΢΢ģʼ߶Χħ洢һֱȴᣬС΢΢ſ
ǡ
Χû壬̺ϢҲħҶȲֵ֪³ɫ̦ïʢ½κʯ
ȻҶ̧ţһĶϣǽĶ֮
һֲԤУȻ
ִ֮䣬Ҷȼæؽţݡ
ͣ
ҽСջڰգͻȻʲôµķһࡣ
ͷһҶͷƤˣ̦ʼŤ·ʲôǳ˯ſµ壬һŲ棬Ƴ˯״̬
ҲСһƣæһ̦𶯵ø죬ҶȻδȴ֣ͷС˿ڴһĸʴʹ
ͷһϤħ˿ڣħϴط
߶̫һƼСȣͷſо綾ȫ룬ͷŸʢ˿գ۾ͻָˡ
ӵʮ٣ԼǿѾΪЩһ³
˫üһᣬǰ̦ʼ˺ѣһɹɾ͹Ȼʬ壬ͬһ㣬˺ƺ̦ףԲضҶȣЩ붾һʬ壬ԽԽֱ࣬ǶħȺ衣
Ķʬ඾ʬǱħɣģۻԽԽ࣬ûϢʱǾͳ˯ڵ£һϢֻǱŪѣǾͻῪʼ
Ҫ֪ЩʬģģǱԿóвϲԼٸ߲ǿߣ飬˵Ҷһв񣬾һ߽׸߲ҲǶ֡
µĲǶʬЯħ
һմϣҲ·һ
෴ЩħҶ˵вֻħʬҶ޷ġ
ҶͻȻԽô඾ʬŪѣҪߣԣҲǲͣ׷ɱĶʬǿע⣬ݾߣҷĩϢһֱԨһʱӦò֣֮ȰЩʬ˵ޣûˣ
أ
ڵ˻ᣬҶȸո˵꣬һСβͣٿһƿնȥ磬ٶȣȻ˼飬ҶٶٿһٱҲ׷ޡ

ֲҶȾöʬֻˣֲģ³˳⣬Ī
ҲȲޣٳҪЩʬҲῼһϾħǺöԸģص㶾ʬ̫ģҲ̲ȥ
޾ͲһˣɶʯͷľͷֻҪ̺ȥ߶ʮſС죬Ļɫ̰زסһƬʬһȫˡ
ϧʲôȻ϶ʬҲҲֻһһͷŵһӲס붾ʬ
£Ҷڳ˻ᡣ
ǳ֪үмֻۣ
ڿն𣬴߶ӡһۻ磬һâҶȽӡ˫֮䣬һ޴Ĳ¯
¯ȼĴͨ
ǹĴͨɽ֮ʱҶȾͶò¯Կ٣ٵƻ
ڣһ֮Ĳ¯Ҷȴ߶ڴ󲿷Ԫɣǯƴ󲿷ֶʬ¯ͻͻͻ£˵һʮʣĶʬһС

¯ڵ棬ʬڲһδ˺¯ڱڣ飬ҶȲӡ
ȥҶȻ޷ʰô࣬ԽĶʬ
һӡֻˣʼȼգ¯ռ䣬һֻֻڷ裬ͬʱһ龻֣Ҳ¯ڲϷʼתµľѹϷѹһȺʬħħ
Ҷһӱ̫ǿˣ˲˼ĵزʵĵˣȻǿȴʬ⣬û˼άҲֻͨ֡˺ҧӡͷͨ
ЩʬʩչֶΣ˵ʮ߶ʬһ߶ʬҶȿ¶Ӧ
Ը˲ܣԸЩ˻ɺ޵Ķʬ򵥶ˣ
¯ѹһȺʬ֮ʣһԣ޴չ۷磬Ҷ࣬Щֻ㵸ʬħ޸ǣǹҲ޷˿˿ڡ
޿µӲȣԶԶҶȵǳһȻ


1725 ʬ
Ϊµ
ͨ
ͨ

κжֲͨȻȻֲĵߣ̺ȻԶѳҶκжͨ
ҶȣʿҲ޷ޱȼ硣
ɵʬħҶ֮࣬ĸ߲ʬħƣٶԽԽˡ
ǰװΪṩԴ֮ǰʮʬħΪһӣڶЩ㹻ҴΣΣգ
һȥ¯ڵʬħʵҶҲ룬Ѹʱ뾫֮ϡ
Ѳ¯ͬʬħһͬ䣬¾ǰٷְٱա
˴󲿷ʬħʣ¼ģҶæ֮󣬰ӣѸ߲ʬħһٵޣԱƵģصͷſţ༸£˯óġ
֮Уȡ֮Ҷȼ·˾飬̤κζ𽥽Ԩڲ
һʱ֮һƬƿտħռ䣬ǰҶȷңȥһʮȥԴͻأֱ£ǲ죬ֱԨز
ĩԨ·
ҶǿҸӦԼԪϢȻĩԨ·
ĹħԨȻߵ΢
Ԩ·Ľƣ̫ˣƵǿԽ룬ڲĽƣʵԺһԵõ
ƣȻǹħɽʧܣɢشֵǼʵڲǽѰߣħɣµпԹħķ˵ﵽ񣡡
˵񣬾ʥǶԣ䱦
ֻԽӽħԨħԽ£ǰã˷֣һħɱʥ񼶶ʬڲ֮𣿡
ʥ񼶶ʬ
OO@@۵ܿڡʥ񡱶ֳֺȻֹ
ԨΧҶȣ󼸸֣Ҳòһ󷢺̾ʥ񣬹ȻʥɽѰҹħɢķȻóΪʬ³ʥʬҲӡٶȡݶȷ棬Խͨʬ
˵ˣǽħԨѰߡ
ϧħҶ޷ӦΪȻøӦܽӽԨڲƣȻﵽ߽ϲ񣬻Ǹ߲
ǰõǷһ£иո̤ϲСӣȻççײײԨ֮УҲ֪ǻ
ͽϲ񣬽ȥͲܳǴṳ̂Ԩռ䣡
Ǽ֮⣬м֣ԨռϢ׼ڲԨǿԿǺ
ǼдﵽĴڣȻͽҲмܣǺԾĹǻǺúٴζЩ֣ȡǼ
ٴۣʮֽͳħ룬ѹȣü
ո̤ϲСӣпܾǷĩû뵽ĩ֮죬λв񣬶̶ʱ䣬ʮˣ̤ϲ񣬿ҶɽǰԴûͻٶȣҲ˵ȥ
£ʩչ֮Ϣ
ҶȲǼ˶ԻûʵջѸӦĩڹħԨֻҪһԨȥĩߣ߶ԪӡǣǸ߲񣬶Ҷǰ޷
Ϲ磬ʼͷŻľ
Ȼû壬ҶԨԵͷһƲ³¶ȺܶȻͷųħΧļ̺ħˡ
Ҷȹ̤ԨһСǰΧʿڣ˯еĶʬҶ޷ġ
пܣһһκ˯ʬħѡ
ǰףѾ뿪رں¶ȷУȻкһֻ̦ûжٵľһЩ޴ĺɫʼڷ֮С
һʱǰѾģֻܼʮҿռ䣬˿̣Ԩ˸ı䡣
ð棬ȻϷر׹䣬ڸ֮ϣγĶߡ
ˣħħǿһЩ
ͷŸӦַַĩϢλĶ߲һֻѡһͬ
ȻҶȼ̲֮С
µЩôڰΪһЩıʯ¶ڸķ֮У˿ԿüΧĻ
ó
Ȼ䣬ҶȽ붴ͨһӭҶȾŵһɴ̱ǵĳζŵȳһʬĸζ
Ѱ
ҶȷٶȣһǰȻһǰ䴦⡢⡢ڡ𣿡
һԣѵáӡڴˣһӵԵЩϡ
ӿ첽ҶҲ޷ź棬Ҳú棬޷ԤϵĽ
Ҷ߳棬ͼ̿ˮһĻ
ǰ׵Ķ룬ħħڣΧУһߴľ޴ɫ֮ǰʬħͬЩͷ𣬾Ȼӵ塣
˾ò˼ǣȻħϣҲſµħָãֲʧȥ
ûг˯ſµ˫ۣ·΢΢ͷâķ
һ֮Уӣֳ꣬Ҷһ£ʱᳯǹĴ
ڶ֮Уһħֳһͷź飬һİŮӡ
⡭
ԲӦҶѸӦǰߣĴ𣬶ֲؼ̫࣬һ˼ά̫ˡ
ɵãҶȿʼ˺
˿̣ĴͻȻ˫ֱת·˴ڣǴǣڶڲİŮӣƺѾ֧ŵ˼ޣͻȻһ˵һ𶯡

ɲǼ䣬ʼĴ޳ᣬ¶ħݣ
ӣǲԼΣԹ˲ϾЩʬѾܵĺ˭޷סͷϢߣ
ӣʼĴĴǰŮӶһ仰Ȼ߶򶴿߳ڷ

һֲһĻˣʬȫǵĿ꣬ѹѹ׷ȥҺܿ׷ǣִΧ߷϶֮Уɳʬγһʬ壬ǹϷζѪ⡣
ǰŮӣˣһʬ׷ӣΧʬֻʣ¼ûٻһ񽣣Ų棬򶴿ȥ
һȺʬҲ׷ȥ
ҺЩ˰ʬ𶼸ˡ
ռ˵ģȻҶȣ̴߶֮Ϣ߶ǧͼΪΣ򶴿ȥ
ʬʱӣƺеѾʬ˴Ѫ˺ҧǵ壬Ѿ졣
ϷԼʮӣҶȾˣһȺʬ·㣬ޱȣ洦ǡ
ҶҲշУϢҲڲĿռ䣬һĲӦǼΪֲģԷֻѰ·
ҧҧΣҶֻԲУ̤֮УﵽСȸ߶ȡ
˵пµħֱҪֲʥֶҪɥڴˣֱΣ
Ⱦҡ
סҶѾ룬ûϥϷ
ʱһΪ΢ȴ󷽴
˫üһû뵽ʿڣž֮ģ࣬ͼ֮ǰǱߣΪӵŮӣһڷ棬һϢǿ˫۶Ҷȡ


1726 һ
ֱƺҶȣ֣֮ôԶŹ
Ҫ
ҶȵȻɵֶֻҲĺ
Ȼӣһһ£ʬҲûùӳԣʵȻҲࡣ
˼ȥҶȻȥֻǿһ㣬;õθڡ
һžò㣬ӡǣͷҲǺһ㡣
ǴҲ¶˺ģ˵ǱܣȻҪͷܱġ
ˡ
ӵǼǣҲ˵ûа취İ취뵽㣬ͿȫԴɱʬӦ
һУǺãֻûϵʬ㣬Ҳ̺˿ħŪô
ҶȹӼҶȹƺϣ¶һĨ΢ЦδЦ˯˹ȥһͷ֮С
ʬ㣬Ų֮Ե
߶ʮһҶСӣŶڣ򶴿ڻǰ
һʱҶȲ߳ѣϢʬȺƤ£ӳ죬Ķߡ
ûмǰǼһѿγƶѨѷ죬ӽУ˿
ŮȻһ߽λ߲񡭡
»ӣƽ£ʱһԶʧľ磬Ҷһ۾Ϳˡ
Ȼһ߲Ԫ߿ԴﵽҶ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
һ߲ʥأǾǳԽӢӣĵӰĴڡ
߽׸߲һ̤ɽȻҪϷȻ
ϧ޷ħħĶ֣Ҷȣڷ硣
ףǴ˵þ֮һǶʩչɱ֣
Ӫ֮ǰҶȺú÷һȻ߶ͨͷ򣬿ʼڲħ
ռ䣬ͨƳһ̺ħ񵤡
һʱ֮󣬻ڵħ֮Ҷգְ񵤷񵤣ɫ΢΢
ҶһԣһЩȻӦĩϢ뷨ĩǺԶԨ磬Ա֮УҪ޴Ķ࣬һʱᣬ޷ﵽĩڵĵط
ȿȡ
ȥ
ͻȻһ˫ۣԺؿһӣǰתԼ
㡭
ܵӣ̫飬ּҶδʲôͷոóʲôҩ֮ʱȴϣȫ㣬ԼҲ̲סθڡ
ҶڿԼӻҧ촽ûһµİ£ûʱӼ͸ģҲǳһİǰ
ַϸڣǰӣƤû£˫䲻侲Ŀ⣬͸ɣĳ
٣ûһ˼
лȣ
·߶һɺеķ㣬׷ɢȻϵл⣬Ҷס
Ҷȵ·ƽεұˣ嵱֮£ӻǺúڻ֮һħδÿԼΪ
ӡôһλв񣿲ܣӦǿߣı𵤣ΪϵĴ󲿷ħ
óŲ񵤷£ʼָԪҶȵıӰҶȳ˺棬ɻ
СŮӣ֪γƺĬһ󣬻ʵ
Ҷȵӿˣ
ҲҪȥԨѰҹħı
ˣΪѰһλѣһΣ֮УڹħõܵõģӶԴ˿кĸдɣ
СŮΪãͨ޵УԻħħݺԨȥ磬õħȻҲ̽ȡһף
̸סҶȼӦԵôݶȻ˿һв񣬵ȻⲻҶȿΪȻеơ
ΪҶȻ߱ͷеһС
ָ߽λ߲񣬶Էֱ棬Ϳ֪
СŮͬУ
ֹͣУħҲѹĲ࣬վź䱸Ҷǰ
ҶҲվȻ߳һͷͬУҲԣֻڲϴ֣;У⣬֣
ãⲻ⣬СС鷳ͷ񣿡ӵˬӦˡ
̣˱뿪϶Ŷǰ
ȻһصǿߣħħϢķ㱻ĻˡʵĶС
һֱҪҶΪοһһλв񣬵ҶȾħħÿѹ׻⡣
ʵǴͨߣžеֶΡ
ѰҶȵһͷβĴܡ
ΪҲմմϲԨܱһȣͬУֱǣӵһ
֮һ·ల£صγɵĶԨС
ЩߣԾһȻħƣҲ֮ڣǸӿµԨء
ӴżɵǰһǰҲδȥ֪ʲôΣա
ҶɨһħݺᣬħǿʢǽӽԨĵѰӦýӴЩڽɣ
û׽ȥ˵棬ʥ񼶱ĶʬȻҲ˽ȥûۼڴĻش
ֳ˼һΧපߣպֻڽߣպ뷨ĩڵĵطγ˾ֱ򣬴ڽ򾭹ȻܿͻѰĩ
ǲڽ򣬾ҪƵҪ޳εۻΧ˷ѵʱ䣬ɲһ졣
˵ʲôٵģֻԼɺӣ֪ǳߣ
ҶصĴϢΡ˵һֱֱۣڽ򣬻־ϲæȥ
һ˲ҽȥҶǿߣȻףһֱȴĻᡣ
ħƣƿȻ𶯣һڲҲʬѰһͨ
ħĽǰһסȥ·
ڻӲ֪ôʱҶȺܿ˵꣬˫һƣħǰ
ΪһƵ𶯣ֻ˵һ£һѭ⣬ħںϣֳһӡ
ץסᣬ󲽽롣
Ȼ󣬳һ䣬Ԩ硣
ħħǿʢԲʣҶȺ󷽣֮ǰҶԳͨ׵ƿڽѰѡˡ
ȷĩλãҶһߣŻȥ
ոߣͷ˼߱նɱĶʬ
Ʊиֳһһ飬ҲȼյĺۼΧûʲôѱ˽ȵǡ
붴ߣصûʬӰӣںܳʪû壬Ҳ͸һЩ̺ħħħ
һЩֲħħ֮γ
ҶЩħһ㣬׷ײɼ봢䡣
Ӵ󲻽⣬ħ˱֮Ǵ鷳һմħ鷳ˣҶȴƫƫӰмӣ
û취ҲֻСɼ

ĶʱֻϷ߶ȣȻһźܴ֩˾綾
һʬ壬ճ档
ͬһͷŵâһѲ񵶣ӼȻΪԽӵеƷʣĻ˼
ӵҶȣҪţһͽλȻҲȼ


1727 泲Ѩ
ǸŮˣϲ򽻵ֿ˵⡭
żȻõҪ̤ӵһԣ绢
ҶȴŮЩͬĵطԼҲʲô
ǻ̽ҵĿڷ硭Ǹ꣬Ҷνصһ½λûôҪȥȡ
лȫ
һ˵ĲУ߶ԪϷ֩Ҷ·ȴ
·ȥƺշ֮УһСģײ֩Ȼճ綾͸ɰͰ͵ģֻʣǼ΢΢â
̣
ȫҫץһ֣֮֩Ǹո֩ͱһħʴһʱ̶ĸʴԿγһЩĦ
̺ͨ֩ħ˿¡
ɶ񡭡Ӳϴ߶Ҫ͸ħץ޷ͻƣûеõ۵װ˷ѴԪ
ΣĿ⣬ˮҶȡ
׻һ֪꣬жǿ߼ȴû˿ߣȻһԭ򡭡
ƺڽҶȻģ⣬ԱߣûڣҶȱһ̺â֮֩ʱҲĦ򲻶ħħɢ
ಣ
˵ʱʱ죬¿û˷ѻᣬһʱ֣ħ֮ץ񵶣ĻϲĴš
ϧʬѶһգûмֵı˴Ƭ̣򻺻ء
ƺǵģҶȻ񵶣ر봢䣬Ҷȼ򶴿߳
ħԽԽأʬ壬ɢڶ֮УĺܳףγɶʬӦǻնɱűħʴЩˣʬǻħʴĨɱ˼άʣһЩܷӦ
֨֨
һȥ
ӶǰĵľͷͻȻĳֽ֫е
Ҷӣ׶ӣϣķΡ
ͷһǰҲʲôߣһħڵĿ磬ԵȭͷСļ׳棬һЩʬ֮Уȥ׳ǼܣǼܾͳֺɫߵ㣬𽥸ʴ
׳ʬһӦħ̺ΪħԨµħ塣
ҲӵиӦϢͣѰţȻһƬһƬȥܿʧħռԵ
֮أֻܴиӿµħ
ħħŲϽԨ룬Խ£ǻմħûϣ
׳淢֨֨ʧ󣬻ɿ˵ƺǹħԴԵеʥʬûΧҲи߲ʬ֡
ħķǰʥȥóΪʬҲõһҲûһˣҪȥҲ㣡Ҷӯƿħռ䣬Ѱ·Ҵ߶龻֣Ӧĩڡ
ӿĲʣ鲻Ըò״ΧĿм֮ңϧֻܰװ׿ţֻգ첽Ҷȡ
ĩƺҲԨˣǰԶа·̣޷ӦϢҲΪԨθӣĲǺֻϹһһ
ħһҶȾһߣƲǶߣһѵĵѨռ䣬ģȻħڷڡ
ĩѨռ֮УˣҲֻһȥѰң˭Ҳ֪ʲô⡣
ûаԹԣֻܸҶȽѨռ䡣
ʲôر
ŽѨռ䣬̾ͼѨսĺۼЩƬƻ˿˿ԣȻǹħɽɵģǽѰ֮ˣΪ˱໥ɱֻǶԸʬµġ
Ѩһ㶴ߴһΧħҺΪʪϵõѨռ䳣γħҺ
ҲǴǣһΣԶС
𽥽ҶѾӦĩϢԽԽҪһʱ䡣
ͻȻʶקסҶȵ½ǣָҲࣺ㿴źɫƱʯһƬһƬʲô
Ҷ̿ȥʪ඾ҺϵıԵȻһһ΢΢ĺɫʯģɫʯСͷſµĶŶֻѸɴС
䣡
һǰɫʯʱͻȻɫʯΰĹŹ͹㣬һö䣬պ¶سںɫʯУͬҹǹ˸
꣡
ȻŹһö䣬ߣһλûҶӣ־ץȥɽżղһƬɫʯϣȻѱʯʳĵѪѪ棬һֻֻ䶯ĳӣ
̡
ͬһ̣ɫʯʼ𶯡²ϲûüӦһЩɫʯԶѣһָŨħĳӣȻˢˢӡ
ৡ
Ů³ӡ
ǻǡǡ෴ڳʱǹϵ֣ץס䣬ȻҶһͬˡ
Ҷȸ䣬֪ӴʧĵطκɫʯͻȻһһʯվ
Ӷĵǣںڱʯʼըӣ˳бʯѿһѳΪ˵ʬ壬ڲ߳䶯ĳӣҸӦҶӵϢ
Щ棬Ѷʬѳ己ܡʲôЩӣƶ׳棬Ϊ壬ǳˣһΪЩһ³Ҷȿ̩ɽӡ
֮Уһ۹⣬Ҷ˼æһӡһԭ֮ƣɨĶ档
ڶЩճ׳棬ֲһȼգȫΪҽֻ󷽣ӺɫѣһˣѲͨˣǳΪĸĿ¹ʼܣӿٶȣ˶
չֳ߽׸߲̺ͨ
ӡٶ뷨ӡۻң²в񣬶ɲǼ䣬ͨһһƬȼջǣͬ׹䣬Ѩһ׷׻жĸˣԼһЩɢ䣬ɢ׳档
ƣ
ĸ䱻ǹ׳棬Ȼ˹ʩչֻи߲ʩչľͨ
һεĻһѹȻһ𶾳ĸˣ߲Ż𣬲ĸɱѵѨĳһӡ
һĻҶ֪в߲Ĳ࣬Ǿ磬жȻںϣͨӡɣҪںȻܷӳȻ
Ҷں˿ǻӣ޷ԸĸˣֻӱһӦ԰취ָΧһЩĺɫѵҪŹЩδĳѣóˣ
Ƿ
һͨӡͷŶ
˷ǺɫѣһȼգѲǱըΪҽ֮һ
Ȼ𽥻ָžԿһжʮΪҽĸˣڵ棬˵ǣмɢڳ֮УȻҶӣһһ룬Էˡ
泲Ѩ»Ӳ̰ģǱͰͲռΪУѧʵҶ𽥿ѨشһЩʼݺύس֡
Ȼ˲ԼͬطŲ໥ӣƺͬʱʲô


1728 ;ĩ·ķĩ
ü·һ㺮
˿նĺĵѨ磬ҶȳСģûеһʱѡǳ֣ΪУ
ಣ
ӰӺڰֶ֮
ٶϢ쳣죬߽׸߲ӣҲʺ˸Ƶģʡ
ӰӵҶȼװһۣмΪ𺳣ΪЩ˹Ȼɱ֡
·꣬ԩҲͷ
λҵһһжǵģƵԱһɱֱ֣Եޱ飬˸оһĸ塣
Ӵǰ˶Ǹ߲ͽףʵǿ֮䣬Ըоһ
ֻ·ˣ
úǰҶȼƳһۻӣͬʱתȥɱȻܵ⣬ʧڰ
ʮƣҶȵʵôòǰˣ
ȳȥҸȫ߶λ֮˽£뿪а취Ըǣ
ʱ˾߳ߣּħ磬ȻҶָԱ߼ߣʾûж
ǰҪܸ֪飡
Ǹˣ֪ǰ֮ǰ֣򵥣ּҶһصģʩ󵱼һ֮С
ɳ߲ɱֲ֣ñƵ÷ĩɽɱ˲գۣҲǳصģ֪Щ׳
ӣɭɭЦݣӸղɱ֣ڰ׼ѨͶȥϢӡ
ԨжٵĶ桢ʬ𡢼׳棬Լʬ
ҶȻɵɱҪȻΣԼħԨĿɱ֣ȫû
ЦЦ˫ִ߶ӡȻڵѪӣӡ⿪ͷųԨȱϢ
ʩչ֮ߣڰա
֨֨
ܿ죬ħ磬ȭͷСļ׳棬γһɹɵļ׳ѨңΧߣҲͻȻɳһȺȺʬ
ҲȥȴĩͶҶԱһߣϢؿĩ֮ء
Ѩ
ʮɱ֣ΧǰһɽɽΧһʬѨ
˫ľ֮ʣͻȻ䣬ǰɽΧŵʬٿȻۣĴų򣬺ӿ
δôһ£ɱֻѡˣһڣǶ桢׳棬ǿʬҺҲʬڷ
ಣ
ɽڣһӰץסᣬһ⣬ף򶴿һ˳ڡ
ˣʬ׳ΧطĩûԨ򣡡
Ѩ룬ʮɱ֣ţпɱ֣߶һٷȻͷųȥţǻʬǡ
ĩϢԽԽˣҹסһˣĩֻܴһ
ħԨһ
һ߳ڣҶУʩչӦԷĩԪӡϢϵؿ۶
ߵһϤޱȣֵȺɱ֣ץסңûôףУһл·Σս֮Уһ
ĩҶȵȻЦЦ
ǻƣɽ֮УǹҶܽԸ࣬Ѱҽİ취Ȼһж֮УҲ˳硣

һӰԱߵѨɳȻǴﵽϲʵǿķĩ
켴¶һ˿м
ǼףȻܵħԨħ󲿷ħֲʵеħԨ
һƳȴĩɳƳĩףҶ̾׹ףпҲɽռĲ
ĩ
ۼĩҪɳѨҶѾԪӡǷӡϾͿƷĩ
ڴʱҶҷһ֮ڣһĮŭ
һ֣ҶȾͱٴóԷڶ޼ɵķԾɼʵжǿ
ĩպ÷ɳѨȫһѣֹӣȻ㣡
ԶһֹһˣЦû뵽һԪȥ㻹óҵĩҵС㣬һĹҲѧ˷ҧһڣ
ҿɲĹֹӣݣ½磬Ϊ£˭֪ԭ߲㣬ץסңҪΪռԴĴΣףһУʹħԨб£ͽԨ׷Ұɣ
˵ǽȻˣ
ĩҲ䵽;ĩ·ĵزֹµĲһְ㣬Ȼһͷħ磬Ǽף׵С
ĩ
ֵҶżˣۣ۾ɰͰ͵صŷĩʧħ磬ǿԨʥ񶼻Ľء

Σ
һĺֻ꣬ʮ˾꣬ȥҶȲ࣬һͷƮݳǿɱ֣ԥֱӷԨ
¿ɰҶסˣĩֱģҪƣҲҪУֹץסôҶȵҲͱ¶ˡ
һҶҲֻգӲͷƤͷ򣬴߶̫һŻһԾħ硣
ոս룬ҶȾ͸оħΪħڷԨħҲǿʢ˵߲룬жͨħѹȣմ˿ħҲá
ƵҶȲò߶̫һħħȻ̫һħ̫ףһ̺ʮٵħħ֮ҶȲ
˷ǹħɽʧ֮أϢħˮ̫ܼҲ޷ﶺ̫á
׷ٷĩϢҶȼ̼۱档
ô
ƺԨ룬ĩ㵵ؿأһʬ壬ǰһħ̬Ľ硣
ĩ㲻ˣ
ֹӴ֣׷Χĩֹɫ뾪ܣħԴ磬ôʮһЩӡϢͬ
ĩŤһֹӣѵΪ𣿵ʮʱȻҪЩؿ񣬹ħһ񣬲ʮʵȴҲδ׻ħԨֻ˵ʮĽڲʮ޷ѹħʵҲﵽز
ֹӲòıɫ΢΢Ц֮£ҲܲţڣòҪҶΧЩʬǸ߲˵ʥĶʬĩһжǲǣǰһЩʬҪѣ
ĩһһмףϵػ⡢ֵħˮ֣ϲΪħԨ롣
ɵ㣬ˣ뿪ħԨʱǿˣȻҪԴ㣬ֻܸһ֣뱦ҵģԴȻ㣬ҪģҲǵɣĩʼԷ
ûˣʸּۻۣûʸʥҲСֹĿٿȻš
ǾͲ˼ˣֹӣǸ㣬ףԵⲿκκϢŪЩʬǿɲṥҡ
ĩĥĥͻȻһ
㡭
ֹ֣ͬʱһ


1729 նɱĩ

ں󷽣ϢĩֹһԻҶȣ𾪣ֹҪĿģǷĩɽռķȴǵԴ
Դ
Ҷȴв⣬Դ˵ôвֹʲô
Ϊˣɽ֮ʱĩϧۣͥġĽסͺϹŶռԴ⻹Ҷ֪ģ֪ģж٣
ЩϹŶòµΪĩѰҵԴɼһԪʱ䣬ĩõԵԴ
ڹͥҶҲδϸϸⷽ棬ʱž÷ĩ֣δҲ̫ˡ
ԭһУֹӵ
ֹӿԼҪҶȴϣоϢпܣռԴ
䣡
ʱ
ħӡǰֹֹĩϧĩƴزڷ֮ϣ𶯣Щ˯֮еĶʬһ߽һߣʼ䶯ܿƺĩֹֻˡ
ĩҪ֪ĺ
ֹͻȻһԽӡȻĩ
ĩڵЦҲźıѰ·࣬Ȼʮǿ߲ʬѾֹ߳ӡ
Ϲ׵
һ߾׺Ķʬֹ˫һ֣һ߾߶ʬ˦ȥֻһƿһףΪ޵
žžž
֮ͨȻ˫һͨͷŻһڼʬϣ߲̾ʬ飬мߣú˼ȥ
ʵҲﵽĸ߶ȡҶں󷽣һ޶ĿתȻԽϵս
ɱ֣ͷų߲ƣɱץסһʬ벫ɱ
žžž
ֹͷһһնһ߾߶ʬø߲۷嶾ʬʼ飬ȼĶʬ֣ΪʬĹȻʮּӲ
ֹӰԵͨ£ͰѶʬ飬ƺ뷨ĩԽԽ
ĩֹǿ˹Ҳƺû뵽Էͣɫʼһδڱ֮䣬Ȼ׼ߡ
ͻͻͻ
ٿȻһ磬һħˮ
Ϣ̫ˣ󷽵Ҷȣܵ磬Ѿһë
̿ȥϯȻһ߶ʬġ
߶ʬǸߣδãƣ˸߲һֱֹӡ
߽λʬСģ
ֹһΣҲüͷɱ֣̱
ΧǼ񼶱Ķʬ˵ʳͷаޱȵ
ûֻб
ĩˣ
˿̣ɱ֣ȻַĩӰӡ
ֹͨȻӦûа취ȥ׷޷뿪ħԨȫǵˣ뿪˵
ָֹĴ֣Կ񼶱Ķʬһʱ䣬඾ʬ˹ħˮѹƣġ
ħ֮⡣
ವһĩףӽ֮ڷɳħ磬Ц뾪ϲãʥ񼶱ʬᱻ
Ԫ񣬽⣡
˿̣ҶȴһԺڰ֮УӶ
ӡӷĩԺΧӿһȼյĻ档
ǡǡ
ĩ޷ϵȻµˣʹתոտҶȣԷ˫־ʹһӡ
Ҫ߷˺ѷεľ֮
ҶȻûֹͣӡ漴˫ַֿѾˣĩҲûᣬԼϧˣԶš޳Сˣ˵һ˰ˣ
꣡
һɴ۵Ԫ棬ڱĩ˫۵ɴȻʧȥƵģһԪ治ȼա
ಣ
ָһץͰѷĩġ
㻯ΣϧԪӡĩκԪ䣬Ϊ˹ȥѰֻ࣬ܿԼȥӲ֪ΪѰҵԭ򣬵ȻԷҲ߷ĩ
˿Ҷȼתնɱĩ߶̷֮ڰ֮С
ܣ
ͻȻ֮У۳һѪӰ
˵ֹӣͬŭʨӣǴһȻҶߵķ򣬷һ֮С
ԷΪ̫ߡ
ҶѾ׼ֹΪпܻ׷ɱȻԷͷſƣںշУ޼ɵ׷ɵͨʬ桢ʬ
׷ɱҶԤУҪ׷ģؼԷٶʵԶ̫࣬ʱɱӦϡ
뵽һݣҶȴһѷ֮зɳתħȥ
ֹ֮Ҳһͬ۷ɭɭ׷ᣬӾԲŹҶȡ
ҶȺԥϷħ硣
Сӡ˭Ȼѷĩѹˣ
֮ԵǱֹӣħ磬һδһٷȻħ֮С
ĩϢҾ͹ڲʮµǿУҿֹӸҲҽȥ
ħǰΧȻľߵĶʬҲ޷ҶȵϢ
ӷĩɾѪħ֮УóӣֱΧҽ⿪ӡ
һʱ䣬ŨҵϢʼɲǣ׳棬ʬ˷ҶȣѾһħŨҵķ϶
žžž
ףݺ˼߶ʬټ׳档
ֹ޵еƣɱħǰʱһŭ벻ʣѵȥˣ
£ΪֹӣҶȣסҲڰ⡣
ʥϢ
ƺҪǿµħӡ߳һһɶ磬Ա˳һֻ֮ܶ׳棬ɨ˲䶳ᡣ
֮Уһϡߣǽ»ǰݺ󣬵û뵽ڹħԨ
ʥ񡭡Ǿʥ𣿡
Ҷȣڣ磬ͷ
һʥԪǰԶʱδݣ紦ںƽ֮УǳԽͼĴڣΪ񡱣ͬڡ
Ҷڼǿߡ

ֹӲηʥʬ߶Ϲ׵һʥʬͷ­֮ϡ
ʵ̫͹ʥʬ㲻ʩչͨĽ磬ӲȣҲǷǳµġ
ȻƵײӶʬϣһۺķֱϹ׵ɢֹӣˤڵϡ
ˣ
ٿȻʮɱ֣Ǹ߽׸߲ԼԽ߲ơ
Щɱ֣ǲ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ҪҸ߽ʵδ˵һ֣ʥȻг룬ҾͲţСӴŷĩһֱ棡ֹû֮ǰֹɱֶʥʬ֣һ֣˳롣
ʱˣ
ҶȵϢڴ߶˴ǧͼ֮ﵽ۷Ŀռ״̬
ֹһ˳Ҳǰ˳ΧʬʼΧһ˽һ˵ļ׳棬мɱֽħˮΪ˶ʬ
һĻЩɱ֣ѾԹ˲ϾҶȱǰɳȥЩȳȥȻ

ҶϢؼӿٶȣԽʬ׳棬硣
Ȼһֹӵˣɳħ磬ûеƬ̹򣬵ͷһߣϢ
ټ˹ΧΧסͲţСӳˣʥһӣ
һ󹦷ֹ뼸ɱ˳һʱɱֿʼɢ壬ȴ֪Ҷ泤˳ʧȥ


1730 ĩɽ۵ĲƸ
Ҷץסѵûᣬɳߣ뿪Ԩ룬һ֮󣬰ȫ뿪ħԨɽı硣
;вʱͣ٣ȷûɱָ٣ҶȼħԨ
֮
ɽһ֪֮С
ڲʮƬɭҲһͬ㣬ȫɫѩǣ޽
ӦûϢ֮ҶȱһƬɭ֮Уͷһɭ֮£Ϣɿ
ֹ֣ڹħԨڣ塣
һ룬Ҷϸֳһңӵʮ٣Լ̫һԾѹħħӶùħԨ뻷Ը·ĩξͲˡ
뿪ʥǰǰ£һ½ӣ߲㣬硢ЩˣҲж⣬ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҵͻһλﵽλǿԼ
ʼ߶ຮ븴ӵħԼؾ׷׵ؽ٣͸㣬󱻲¯գΪ
Ҷһϲֻʣϲʬ壬ڹħԨֵõħ
һ·У̫ʱϻָҶҲƽ̧ͷ㣬ָӦΧϢҶ߶䣬ʮˣɷʥ죬ӳ˯֮ūҲͨ
֮ͨ⣬磬߳ͨ編ϴӭ飬ԴȵΣգ׼ã
˳֮ǰҶȻȸ˶һȰѾȻһһͨ顢ʥžˣ뵶ū
뿪ͨɲǼ䣬ɵϢʱ̺羫бıԴѹ
˵Ҷ˵һУȻʼϴ񣬲ҷһ顣
ҶȲľ뵶ū壬ūֵõ˼ϳھУҪϴΣԼ٣Ҷȵ˶Ȳǡ
һӦΧһոԪٴ
ѳͨ壬һ˷ɳ㣬ڰչ۲춯һͨ䣬ʼ鿴ĩ
Կռ䣬ĩѱҶȴ߶ԪӡǣĨɱԪ񣬲ģֻû˼άѡ
ʵǻˡ
ͨĩ³мһץĩ·ȴѰ·
ĩҶǰȻһڶԷ˫һâȻֳһö䡣
ϸԪ½磬һԪѰҶʮֺ棬ĩ׵õʲôı֮⡣
̴߶Ԫ䣬ʱϤһԪγɷ㣬ܹ
ԪǷĩһӰ
ĩһλϲ񣬼䣬޷׷Ҷȴ߶ڰ׾ɨһƬʱһ㻯ΪҽȻҶȵ뷨ĩ֮С
䣬ռȷܴ֮󣬱ռڣǸɽϢıʮ֮࣬ǲȻҲв٣ټ
ľʯγһɽ
ԽɽҶȾ͸Ӧԣâ˸
ʯѻɵľɽڰգʯϢܹϣ˿˿ɵϢǷĩɽռġ
Χɽؼȵȡ
ʯɽĵطǧ
ôӴ֣ǧ
ͬһööķǣƯڴգͷŵâȼʯɽҪĿ貣ת߲ʰ쵡
ȻЩ඼ʧȥһԣȴв񵽸߲֮Ʒʶͬȵȼʮʵķ
ǧʮҲһʾ޴ƸֻſӵôҸ߲١
ϸϸɨһʧȥԣһЩ覴ãɽ磬һĥ
Щ߲ԱȼԽߵԽܾסȻ
ಣ
һץһвһ߲ͬʱҶǰ
һ񽣣ұ߸߲һޡ
ʧ٣ƷʱҶȵõʥʽӵġƷҪ߳ﵽвĸ߽ףҲ˵һΪﵽ߽вʹù
磬ѡͨǴвʼѡһʵвһͬΪƷʣΪﵽϲô԰вΪϲȼ˴һ߽ôϣԷױȵ
һ֣ǲӵи߼ٲģӣ߲񣬱㿪ʼռ񣬾Ϳʹﵽʥֿȥѡһʥ񷨱
Ҷȹ۲һ߲һޣʮֱ߲ȼƷַһʡƵԼ̣Խκϲв
׹ɽ磬ӵԡ
߲ȥ۸Ȼﵽʮ֮䡭
Ƭ̣ҶȻʼѰӲ
ŷĩֻõ߲ȼʥ񡭡
ɽӵо䡢ֻ֮ľпܣĲ
ŷϳ
ȻĩҲΪ˽Щ߲ƴҪˣ
Ȼһż̵ķӡ
Ƭ̣ҶȾɨеԼ󣬻ǧ棬һŰӡ
ȥɲǣҶȾͼ˶ʮڷӡ֮УͷŲâ
ӡǰϸϸӦʮҶѸӦӣȡǼ񵶣һϢʮϢҪǿʢǴﵽ߽ס
Ҵ󲿷Զʮֻһܵĥ𣬵Ȼ
ʮǼֵǣκһ۸񣬶ﵽʯ¡
뼸ڲͬÿһжķӡ
Ϊ⼸ѾҶ磬δʶϢѰȻûоǰ磬ҲûдԪǰ㲻˼飬ٳԽȼ
Ǽ
ȻЩҶȵģΪࡣ
ҶĿȱһ
һƷʣʥصʥ߶Ҳ
ಣ
ɳӡƯҶģֻаƴСӲӵģʮ֣һα
״ķУڽԷ񹬵෨Ǻ
Ǳֻ㣬һصһ㣬ʴɣʯʯȻҪرϸڵһ룬Ǳ֡
񸮣
˾ۡ
ѿǱ񸮡鱦ĹͷֻһƶҲһǿߣ뿪뺣󡢺ֻգСչضõ
ƷʣһʥȼķӦòȼ߷˵񼶱ķӵһȻϢ
ϸϸһ˷ڵҶ˵绢ʥҲ޷񸮣һʺУֿԶܹзĳ
ˣ
עһԪ񸮣

ԪոսӴ񸮣Ȼ̺ĽƣȻ飬֮ҶȣҲЩһѪ


1731 ҴСĻԪƬ
סæչԪסһ
Ϊ޴´񸮣ҡҡͷȻԳڲףΪηĩûںϷ񸮣ԭ̺Ľƣ˿ֲ޷ĩȻϲҲֻܺܰ˱ڴ䣬䵱۹ʥ
ӺƯĵķ񸮣ҶҲһ֮С
񸮵ĽƣҲҪﵽ߲ľ磬Ҷ˵ҪںϷ񸮣
Ҳ˵Ҳ޷ںϷ񸮣ֻܵȴ죬ӵͻƻ⣬ûںϣֻܵΪϽ
һ
񸮷ӡ֮УҶɨʣ¼⼸񸮲ȼ
Ϣ
óúо˵ںϣĿ䣬һ
ΪǼȻһӡӡԵϢҶڵ޼˻ף΢΢ط
һ
ΪǷĩռĵԴȻҶ𺳲ѡ
߶ӺһһҺɫƿӡ
ƿ⣬һƶɵĵ̣Եùֲһ㲻ħϢȴ˼ɵĵϢƿ³̣ûĵط
Ӵƿ̸ӦԴԴϵĵϢڲȻжӡ޷ȫƵϢ
ƿǻĵˣӵռķ
һ󣬳Դ߶Ԫƿƺǿơ
˵һ£ԪƿƿȻûκνƴ߶ֻԵγɵϢԺƿΪµģƿҪôֻһƽҪô֮
ԷĩȻ޷ںϵ
һԪʼƿڣոҪ룬ƿڴҶȾͷɵģƿ
Ǻƿ֣ȻҶȴ߶ϢԪƿ֮УƺӦҶԪ̺Ϣƿûнƴ߶
һǵϢڵĿռ䣬ȻҶǰ
綼ԵĸԴӵĸԼ֮ޡԼ廨ŵĵԴĿǼԵʯѻɵĺѹѹɽ
ЩʯƷʺһ㣬Ӧһϵʣڶ֮ǲֻ࣬мٿţĵӣǲ٣컨洦ɼ
ϢرŨҵԴзĩӡ֮ͱĩӡ
ǰĵԴʮֺˣǶǵͼĵԴȲҶӵеĵӡ֮ĩһԪڣֶͨΣ˶ĵԴȷЩ͡
ǡ
еԴ󷽣ƿգȻһ̨̨ΣȻƿģ
ƿڴһԲμ̨ƯһĺˣֳƿȻƿռĵϢϢܿ޷ƣƿ
ⱦƿԭ֮ƺδýƣ̫ϳ
ź֮ģҶȻ̨գſòһߣѮ£̬ŵеĺڰȫʣûһǰ磬ƿڵƶɡ
Ӷ˵һʵǵʿ
ԭǵ֮ϵԪӡʧȥ˵ı壬Ѿˣƿеƣһ޷롭ƿڿƵʵϢĪǷĩ½֮ǰ߾ͻţȻĩܴŵ½ռֲ˷֣Ϊĩ޷ѹֻе󣬲ſѹƵϢ
ӦûԪҶȾ˿ԷͨԶҶȽй
һϸ˼⣬ҶȾͷߡ
ƿڲƺ˵ƿ֮֪ΪΣ˷ĩϡ
ΣƿǷĩܴ߶ģһֱ½磬ռԴȻԴ߶
󣬿Դ߶
һвǲܵ飬ǷĩҶһõ˵ͨĴС
ܼ˵ĩõƿ֮ǰձƿĿƷ
ôһҶð亹ͷ֮
ƿ˽ĩģҰѿƷһ£ôˣ϶ƿˣҲԵߣ귨ĩ磬εõƿģܲ뿪磬ȥɽ磬֮󣬲Ŵӵ֮УϽӹƿ
ʣһܣߣ磡
һ̣ҶһֱĬ֮С
ĩ½磬ֹӳ棬Ȼƿпܣĩģͨĩ½磬ڵɽ磬ӵϵõģĸܣһж˵ǱʼٸߣǷĩйأǡص
ɲ֮䣬ҶȸоԼ·𴥵һıƵģڲȻĲ
̫Ŀܣɻ
ΪҪռ
ϸԪδݣ½磬󣬿ռκεԴʡ
ⲻʿͬƿߣԽ硣
칬ݽһֱƿأеʿ̤磬ȻԸӦȻκһʿ֮С
ƿߣڹϵʱڣѴ硭
ʣ¾Ƿĩȥɽ磬ŴӵУõƿ
Σ֤һһʵϵǳһ㣬ҶЩڣĨɱ˷ĩԪǣԿ϶Ǵõƿ
칬ĩ
뵽ҶѾҲ벻ʲôҲټõ𰸣ԤУ⼸֮䣬Ȼһϵ
ĩֻҪҵ࣬ȻξȻУﵽǰ߶ȣҪʲô޹ϵ
ӴƿһеԴģ
ˡ
ȥЩĵԴʱ
ͻȻĿ⣬ɨߣֳֵǸƿ֮ʣԺһ龻֣ոճֺ֣ܿʧˡ
ѵƿ棬ʲôҶйصĶ
Ҷȼ߹ȥǰƿռ䣬ҲÿѹΪҶԼԿκεϢ
Ҳ˵̨Բôˡ
ͷԪ񣬻߶ƿӣƿֻһģˣƿȻҲһܿ죬ҶȾ棬˴ĵϢϢ֮УȻһҴСƬֶΪеϢԴġ
ʲôֻǺҴСͿԿƵ
Ȼƿߵı
һǼŹֵĶʹӱƿɳԪһͬɳƿ
ǡԪƬ
ԪδλСɳҶӶĳΪƬ̺ϢҶһϤѡ
ǴԪƬ
տƵϢ̺ϢҲʥޱȵģ
סҴСƬƺоҶȵԪϢҲӵѪڵϢʱԵЩͬ΢΢ͷųʥâ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬻磬ѰԪƬû뵽ھ͵õһ֡
ҶԵü쳣˱󣬲ϸţʱգĵһ


1732 飡ͯ
֮࣬ҶҲֳһݴ㵡
Ԫ֮󣬿Ƭɢɽ磬Ѿ׹֮УȻ磬綼пܴڡ
ҪռеƬԺҪ硢ɽ磿
ããĴʱգѰƬ
Ǵ룡
ͷۣ
ѵõԪϿɣղһֻҪΧڴԪƬԶܸӦ
һֱսƬҶҲûж˼ƿ֮УѰұԪʱʧȥ
صĩ磬Ҷȷһͨ壬УѴԪƬڣ뿪ռ䡣
ҶԪ鿴˷񸮡ƿ֮⣬ļ
ʣƶ񸮲ȼĴڣȴԵڲͬ
ҶȼȴδӦĵϢһַ豹棬ԶϢȻǱȲϾԪ̺ϢҲʮֵӴͬһϢ
Ƿĩõ֮У߼
񼶱Ԫʼ񣬴֮Уﵽȼ
ͨķ״һŮ׹֮Уһ߲ʱʯȻ˼ѷ죬Ҳâ
Ԫʼ񷨱
ȻһȻһΪﵽԪʼŮӣ֮ЩƣҶȻ˵ֻװ֮һ
Ԫ
Ҷ̴߶ڲռ䣬ͬһһ޼᲻ݵƣ赲ռ䡣
ƣҲԪʼ߶ȡ
ոջԪͻȻԲ׹ĻɫʯͷһĹ⻪Ҷȼ֮УеϤ
˼ȥҶͻȻһⱦʯ̺Ϣһ֣ˮͬˮҲһֱʯ
Ҷͼޱˣ֮ǰջһҴСĴԪƬҪƽˮ
ûеһʱƽʯץסռ䣬ĿǰδֶıʮֲǿҶƳӸ߼񵤡
뿪䣬Ҷץסռ䡣
Ȼˮģ׹ıʯжԱȡ
ˮصĹ⻪ڱʯҲǳѷ죬⻷٣ȻֱʯܳԪʼȼ֮ϣȻҲǷǷģҼԣҲˮеһȡ
˼̵ıʯȻˣ϶Ȼ飬ǱʲôŪѷ졣
Ҳ˵ʯȻ̣Ҳ֮У̵ʡ
һϢȷһ̺ͬһ֣ɫĹȻϢԽ󲿷ֵȻǵ硢ɽʣӵ˿˿Ϣ֮
ˮޱȣʱȻʯƼ̲٣ҶΪˮ⻮ơˣӲȣȻﵽԪʼ˵Խ
ʴˮӲȣʵҲκεԪʼ
ҲеջҶɺããҪȵﵽƽɣ
ǡū˳Դ羫ﵽһλٹһ󣬾Ϳǻص֮С
ͨ幵ͨһ֪֮ҶڲžģҪݴԪںϡ
һƴСĻԪƬҴСƬͬʱǰ
ˣ
Ҷȴ߶ںϣҴСƬȻȻƴĻԪ֮УȻ󣬻Ԫûжٱ仯ֻһ㣬Ȼĸӵء
ҲҶںϣԪֻǿռ˲ְˡ
ˣԪԶ̫⡢޼˻ǰǲҲշµĽ
һ˼룬Ȼǰ
ոյõԪں֮ʱڵ̫⣬޼˻ԶӿԪ֮ڣҶȸо޷֪ͣԪǴڴķĹϴ񣬽֮ڣ׳ôԪǿߵ־֮ȵȡ
񸮵ĵߣһ񣬹ʱڿʥĴڣ˵Ҳŷ׳Լף
һԪֻҪ߶ϢǾܵõ񸮵Ͽɣ
̫ͬ⡢޼˻һعԪ֮У
뵽Ҷ̴߶Ԫ񸮣
Ԫͷų䣬صĹ⣬Ҷȴ߶񸮣
̬ķ񸮣ԡڴԪϢ֮УȻûκεų⣬ƣȻҲδɶʧֻǸӦԪϢһֱ˶֮С
񸮵ˣһ񣬻ûʸ֪ԪĴڣ̸
ҶȺʧһ񣬹ϼԪʥĴڣ
ӶҲõ϶ֻޡڰǰ㲻ǿߣߴڣſԽ죬һ
ò
ʱھ·ʱܻת
ˣ
ոҪѷպã֪񸮾Ȼǿҵ֮ŵҶȼæһӦûʲôΣգϾдԪﻹޣ޵зĿռ֮С
¸ɶ
䣬Ҷ𺳵һĻˣ̬ķţͻȻһס
ǳԲ԰׷ֻʮºӰģա
ɳ֮󣬲ҶȷӦ׾Ȼʼںϣһںһţף뱳һγһӵյԴһͷ׷
Ȼûδߵͷ­֮£ֳһ壬嵹ֻ˫˫ţͷֻʮ꺢ôߡ
飡˳֣ҶԺһ뵽ǺεȵĴڡ
ˣҲҶȣȻĿӸ߸ϣͷޱϢĴԪòɣʵȫʮ꺢ӵģʲôΪڤڤ֮УϢ־޷Ҫ
ҶҲ侲һóԷûе⣬һ񷨱飬εǿ󣺡Ԫڣһ
Ԫδ˼
⵹ҶȾò⣬֪ԪͱҶûԪǿд飺Ƿ񸮵飿
Ƿ񸮵飬ͯϣ
˽ľĻش𣬲ȴɫ飬Ͼ⣬ٴοԪû뵽£ڡ
ǰװɣҶʵ
ĿģһǼʶҲòڶ˵ƿ񸮽ƣֻҸе޸УôˣͿԳΪ񸮵ˣպ÷ˣͯתŹ˵ת䣬ҶЩӦ
̫ͻȻ˰ɣ
֮ǰ뾡취ںϷ񸮣ԸڣĪ͵õϿɣֱǱ졣
Ԫ
Ҷȴ߶ԪͲˡ
ԪʧͯԱȻˣȷܵԪϢٻҲܵԷѹȡ
ˣ񸮾Ԫ֮ãӭµˣͯϹ֮óһӡ֮顣
ȡӡ֮飬Ƿƹ̡ӡӡַԼִ߶ķš
֣֮࣡


1733 
ģɲһӡ֮飬ΪģӿҶȵԪ磬·һ޴ķ񸮣Ԫ롣
ҶȶԪƿأںϷӡַҲܴﵽɣʱҶȲƿһзš
ū񸮣ԴϢһںϣͯƶ֮ͣ顣
Ϊ֮飬Դﵽġ
γ棬һɺϣڶߵʵϽ³γʶ
ǧͼСǧһոγɵ飬κη涼޷֣ͯﵽڵȣҲպ֤һ
ͯϴҶȣ߽һ㱦ڴʱҶȷֻаƴС񸮣Ȼøߴɣ㱦һһΰ
ٿ񸮵ı棬ԼȡװΣ͸žӡкܶɽ̡
񸮵һţҶȲ֪ĶǺεȵš
գתı֮࣬һƯڰ֮еĻ԰
һҶͯϱ̤뻨԰֮У԰ֲֲ벼ţһðڵˮأΧмȡ
ˮ֮оȻһЩȥҲһЩͷʰ쵵⣬ˮغǸĻԣֲŴ񻨣һƬһƬ
ͯҶڻ֮УͣΪҶȽܣˣ㣬һ֮أл԰¥󣬵ڶϢ֮ǴĿռ䣡
Ҷȼͯϣһֻͨ΢΢ۣһƬƯĿռ䣬һǱƯ룬ΧյһƬʲôûУԵЩţһռ䣬ȫ硣
̤빬ǰһ˵
ͨҲΪʵһ˫ͫȴֲɣ
ǵ񸮵ˣūӲ֪ţԪ֮ǰǿ׷ɱյвڶԷ֣֮񸮱ʱգɽ磡ͯԵ񣬹䡣
Ž뱦ֻһ㣬ܿλϷһεı಻װΣһܴĲԼһϢ
ιһžռ䡣
ͬһڰյĴ֮ǿһ󣬻δʧҲʧϢΧӣԼԼаڷķʮ롣
һҶʮ־ȣſԵõһУȻһʥУ񣬾ʥ񷨱һʮ
ûзʱͯϽܵеֻ˱ռİٷ֮һЯڴ䣬ϧ
˸ֱһЩи߲ʥʮƽһ񾭣ҶΪ棬ΪͯϽܺԭ֪޵һ֡
ಿ֣Ȼ䣬Զʧ
׹Ҳ˲ȱ
ͯϵˣǶԷκβĵط԰ոӡ²һУ
ɣҶֱҡҡͷͯϺ⣬ǣü¶һοЦݡ
ٴںһ񸮣Ҷȶ뿪
ص䣬Ҷһ˼û뵽ĩɽ磬ռıҶڶ˵ȫ󲿷δ
ˣĩǼס
ͻȻ뵽ʲôԺӷ񸮵ƿֵصԼı֪Ҷ뵽һʮֺı
ſָ΢΢һףŵѪֶ
ǷĩǼڹħԨħħףΪףʥ޷漣
˵ףܴɱ֮У
סȻһʥ񼶱ıӦڷĩõ֮ǰûнƣĩںף
΢΢ױͷһصϢϢ֮УҶȵǲȷʲôȼķͯϹ֮ͨ󣬲֪һʥ񷨱
ңͯҲ֪׵֣£
Ӧαףһ£ֻɷĩıΰˡ
ˡ
߶Ԫ֮УԪ£߾͵һȻһɹԷĩϢķơ
ҶȽͯϵֻһƣͰϵķӡĵϡﻩĩֻϲεеù񼶱顣
һ󣬺𽥰ҴģΪһۣ
ԪڲҶȲ֪£ΪοԲħԼħ
ԭһоŲռ䣬ÿһռ䣬һ£Ҳ֪ʲôʴɣӵһųϢŲһںһ㣬γһľŲųռ䡣
һκ£ᱻһų⣬ͨ󷨣ֵ¡
֮ǰڹħԨĩ߶£ħħЩħħƽףֻǾŲռһˣ뿪ףһףΪַ
Ƕ٣Ҳ̺һѭС
εǴջô಻ֻз£У߶
һѪھ֮ϣְԪںһ֮УѪʱͷӡҶȳûӡıƣһֻҶȿԴ߶
ңϣΪһɫۡ
ܺҸ˵ǣԺҿԴ󷽷ոҲһɾ⣬ҵ
£̷ͬһΪҶش̷ͨ£̫һԼȵͨ
ʺҶȵķ
侲Ҷȼ뿪䣬Ȳ鿴顢ȶʮŶ̶һ£ǲ˳ԴΪ󣬶Һܿʹﵽ˶λ²ǶھԣͷŴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ǵӵľ޴ƽ״̬Ѿﵽɣ߳ȥȻˣ뵽ʧľ塣
ūҲΪȻһλ²񣬵ڵԣȫһаϢƤͷڵ⣬ҶϤϢԵūڵӣʩչ֮΢΢ƶԷƤ֮壬Ӷκεˡ
ȻˣиĵطҲҪȵūʩչʱ֪
ˣع䡭
ͷţ顢ʥˣƸޣ֮С
ֿūūԺ͸ҵߣΪҵˣúʥУ
ǣˣūش𣬵õҶ⣬ȥһԽС
Ҷ̰ͨ壬뱾֮УȻ߶Ԫܿڽ磬γɵڶţӴԪ
ҪʹڶԴλв
ڵҶ˵ѵõĩеԴӴȱԴ㹻ﵽ߲Լв񣬵ȻҲոǿĿ졣
ԪᣬˣԪγһУתһԴ̶ڵȴڶԴɹȻͬﵽڶԴ߶ȡ
ɭ·ȻĻɫ㣬ɾ뵶ūҲһЩ֮ϣҶѿ챻ȫڵ硣


1734 
ԪԽ޴ޱȣ
ֻʣµһԴڲۺ
ԴԴϵħҲɣȴС
ˣ
¹ȥ
Ҷ˫ͫµĵ⣬˫Ѹһᣬ룬һԪವһ£ʳ˻ʳɲǡ
ԪΪһߴԴ
Ҷ˳ڶԴ̤λвԴʼͷͬϢһԴԵڶŸӸ߼
ھʼ飬һʧΪѪŷ֮ϣȫԴݿ֮ƣʼָ
óһϲʬ壬¯̰ɽ󲿷ֶɭɭħԼɫѰڻҪںϣҶ˵̫һƬ̾ա
ϲԪһȿʼָ
ȻҶȸоһλкܴĲͬĸңԶӦҲɢĺܿͷ֮գһں״̬
պûʱС
õūһУһע⶯Ҷȼ̽䣬סй̫ҵ
ǲʺУһƫʼ̰ոó񵤣ɣе֮
ڲʱҲģҶ뿪ʥ£Ҳ쵽ʱ䣬Ҫϻȥ
ոֿʼһ̫֮⡢޼˻ں̫һ֮γɸӸ߼Ļеķ󷨣иͨ
ʱ̫죬йҶѴﵽλ߶ȣ仹Ѿ¡񸮽һںϡ
뿪䣬պýʱ䡣
һûһģŵū¡һϷ㣬ɳɭ֣ɽΧٷȥ
Ҳֹ֪ӣɱ֣ǷڹħԨǻ֮κıӴң޹ϵ֮䣬ҲֻΪĩŻнʡ
Ϳ뿪ɽ򣬲ͷɽջ޴Ҫն˴鷳ˣǱޡ
͡
ɹһɽͻȻɭ֮УһƬȼյĻǣžұը״ɭ֡
Ϣ
Ҷȷٶȣ𣬾һϤУӦĺߵӡô
ԻӵͨҶȸӦȷｻ֣ƴơ
룬ʼȥ
ʩչ֮Ϣ𽥿
ӣڹħԨõıλֵܣһͬԨֻһ˻ųˣƣͻ뿪ɽֻҪ
һɫ˻Ƶӻɭ֮Уص
ҶΧվһôڣüȥȻϤĻӣĽѹڰգ޷ͻƣѾ޷ʩչΪԷˣΪࡣ
ȥӱذɣ
Щ˶࡭ӣһЩԵ֣һ֮Ӵ޹ϸ𣡡
˼Ƭ̣ǾӶɹΣա
ʩչܴͨһӣ֮ҶȼˮϢһӡ
ӶǸ߲ͷвӣҲ£һǵͽвֻʩչռͨһ߲񣬳䲻⣬߶ˮԷնɱ㻹һյġ
˿̣ѹĻӣ·޷ȥʵҶȣ߲ǿߣͷֻҪܷŹң
ֻΪһĿģֻҪóǾԻʵŵԣԷӣű֤
һΪʵҵδǳֻ֣ΪһʩչСԨ֮аˣȻҪҾ͸ǣΪһڶС

ӣɲĿ⣬ȶ档
ʮ֮У߲Ѿһǿߣκʥ֮УԳΪĵӣֻǳ
͡
ӣЦĺܵ⣬ͻȻǰգ΢΢һУδ⣬ΪֻΪƣγɵȻˡ
һˮ֮⣬ڴüġ
һѪ漴Ȼˮֱһգʬ壬һͬƾʧ
֡
ǰӣŵһ԰ף˼һΪĸ֣ȻƬ̱˴ɱ˶ˡ
Ȼãǰ˷֮Уһ˫۾ƾḻˣڶ
лǰмʣһˡ
֮һĿ𣬳齣糺죬չȻֻʣµӡ
Ǹŵ⣬ƽð̣һӾͲˣɽ롣

뿪ӲŻָǱģŸм֮ģתգغһ
ǣûκλӦȻֳѰҶȣһ
ϧôһ֣ҺǸ̤λصˣȲƣֲ̰ɫܱǯƣ
żʧĿ⣬ɲ׶Է⣬γȣֻǳڼΪףɫΪһӣ˿Ȥ
֮࣬Ҳ׻ʧץסᣬɽԵ
ʱ
ҶѷɳɽعȻգ߶̷Զλǿ״̬ʥأ
ʥأ
ҵǺãҶ治ĵ֮ڣ
ʮ˲㱦֮ڣ߲֮Уһ󷨿ռ䣬γɶ
һУӡȻһٻӰźŮǡ
Ůҡҡͷǰ£㣬Ѵ˼飬ڣû˼Ҷȣһ㣬Ķ鼮Ҳûлػؾȣ˵뿪ʥأڸոս뵤󲻾֮󣡡
Ϊ⣬ҧ´Ϊ˵ȥȥӣѵʦǣҲܹܣϾҶȣʥŵӣ
㣬ܲҶȣ֮ǰŵ֪ҶȾȻʥأΪӣҲףΪҶ׾ͽˣܹӭӣ
ӣ
£˫ͫ¶һ˼Ŀ⡣
ǽεεĿ¶һЦ㣬Ȼ֪һֲӦӣ΢΢ʩչɫѵ޷Ԧ
ҿù֪һڳһĶģ
ʥ֮⣡
һӰպ磬߶ƣȻȻʥ֮ڡ
ٶȷʱҶȲŴʥرԵصֱַ򵤻
룬ҶȾȻصӣϾǵһԱ£ûȥ棬߲ȻҲ뷨
ĥһҶȾûлǷĵ
Ҷȣôļӣ
˭֪սһ󷨣룬ӣڷ鼮ӽ֮УһӰ
ƺƿŵһн磬ҶȸջصͱӦ
ҶȼӰϳǵһֵĵӣΪˡ
Էֳһֺ߸ϵӣԱͨӣȵ뵤£ûһ뵤ѧϰ֪ʶǲǲڵҿȥһʦ֣
ŵ1735 Ͳ
һʦ֣
ʱټһ㵤ռ䣬þûصż˵
ԱλҲǽ뵤󲻾õͨӣҶ࿴һۣǸŶ䣬ڿϷ
ҶȵֹˮٴδˣһЦ˽ʥأǧ꣬ΪŴﵽλв񡭡˱Żĵλٻ۸Щոս뵤½ӣʲôˣ
Ӵ
Ȼһӣ߽һͨӣΪӸ߲¥ƺһ㴫˵֡
أͼӣ̤߲㵤ռ䣬Ǹ߼ӣȴڳκεͼռ䡣
ԣǲһһȣģ߽
ֻǽҲͰˣ֮иģӢİ꣬Ҷȿˣһ۾ͱ
ΪӶԷ֮ͫУһʮֹɱ
ʩΧ˿˵Цһ㣺ǵйصĵطû뵽ˣƻգǸԼӣСΪʦֶҪĿ޹أ
ʦ˵ļǣ̫ӣӦи½ӵģ
Աӣϵĺܴ
ҶȰƳյӣԪ˸оͻ֪ԷһУȣ̤ʥǧ߽࣬λвڵһŵӣλȼ˻Ҫؼ֡Һ֣˵ľٶƺ˸огƵģйɳ𣿡
Ŀ޷ͣǹȻҪ췴
ƺõԼԱ߼֧֣ӵǿʢҶǰһˡ
۸ʦܣ
˿̣ƺ쳣٣Ը߲еĵӡ
ٵ̽дһҶϤʮ꣬󲿷еӣ硣
ʮĵ֮Уֻ֣Ϊһ羰ߣȫĿ⡣
ȣЩȻӦһʦ֣뿵֮£޹أ㲻ҪҶȣΪڿɲǻؾȵӣõʽӣ
ȵڵʦãֻվڷһδκƫģҶһҶȲŽ뵤ڣûһѧϰȻʦֻǹʼ䣬ҶȼԴĿˣ
ԭǿˣֲһңһɱ̫ˣ˼ȻΪ˳Ҳмֱ£ô˿Ӵ˵˶ܲͷϣ
һҶȵелȻΪεжԭ
ȣƶҶ𣬱ʥؿصŵͷϣڵĵλ
ʵڹ֣ԴⲻǿѹҵϣһܴɿƺɿˣԸңһԿ֣żǵɪȣҶû뵽ˣǺܻˣֶΡ
˴ӽ߳ʮɫɫĵӣʩ񣬶Ҷ˵Ϊĵû뵽һôӼ棬ȴճ֮¡
ﵽĿģǳΪЦ
ܲˣȻȵĶˣʦ֣Ȼʱ£Ҫ̻½ӣҶʦܲţԵİĽӦôȵԭĲ֮֮
Ŀ޷ͣʦɲһ½ӣе̬ȣ˷·Լ£һĵλ
ȻԵˣֻǸ뵤ҶȣֵӣҲڲֿЦļ
ڴӿ֣ĦȭƣȰ֮ʣҶȾȻֶƵĿһȺӣмҡͷЦǿЦ
ûҶ˰ɣһ˿һЩʦֵģһ𣿡һҶȵӣϾͶŭˡ
ЩӣҲһߣʼ׷ԡ
һɲǣҶȾͳΪУеĹС
߳ӣЦҶȣЩʦ֣㵽ʲôЦģ
ȻЦ
ȻҶȿˣĿ⵭䵽ϣضٶ뿵֮Ĺ£Ȼʵʦ㣬ûʲôϵֻ־ͬϵͬŹϵʦʲôˣ뿵ϵɣ֪ΪһڶҪѵңʰңַܸѵǶûüʦ֣Ŀģǽüʦ֣֮Ըңö֣ѪУͿʰңﵽĿģԡʦ֣˵Цͬ𣿡
˵꣬ҶȾЦˣۣЩʸ
㡭
֪ⷬ뷨ʱ߲ѣ˽͵ʦܣҿû˼ȫǳҶĿ޷ͣӣȷӦܵƣ
⡭
Ǹˣ֪ʲôλã˻ˮܲˡ
ŮǣֱҶȣƺûϵҶȾȻ鿴ô͸ţҶȵֱǲȣҲӡ
ҹܲˣʦ֮ʦԻд㣡˴ѡһݣԼȥڴ޹ء
࿴ֵĵӣ뿪
ҶͻȻɫһ裺ʦ֣ףѵûƵģˣְȻ뿪
˻һˣˡŮǶ𾪲ѡ
ȣ˫ĿһᣬȻЦҶʦܣ㻹ôһжлʦϣ
ô
ҶȷЦĿһУҪŵʦֵ棬Ȼѵ㣬˭ԲѷĶǣԸңǼʦӢ䣬ĵֱ޳ܵСˣ򹷣ûеȥ֮⣬ҽ֣
̫ţ˲䣬ȫŭˣȻҶ˰ɣҪ£ҶʦܳԲѷ
һ½ӼƽϣҶȵ뷨֪Ҷȶ֡
ҶȲǶλ߽λ̫޴ˡ
ɲҶиʧҶϣѧٵ顣
ٺ٣ǹҧ˭ǺȾȻңԸҶȣҶҲȻҲ˵ûһ޲˶һ
б¾ͱлߣ
ҶȾȻĺ⣬ֱصһ˫˫𺳣׵Ŀ⣬뿪һƿռ䡣
ߣΣҲҪѵ˿ͽ
Ա߼˴ӵ£ȥӣһϣȥ濴֡
ʦ֣㻹֪ͨʦ֣ҪҶʦܳ£ҲҪܵǣæһۼˣȻǴ׷ȥ
£Ȳô֪ôļһҶ֣һЦû⡣
淢£ڲΪʲôһʱ䣬ûи߻Ҳᱻϳ
Ҳ߳һƣոݣͷֲٵӣӸ߲ռ֡
ŴѼһٶӣΧΧ۷׷ף룬Ҷȸ˫֣ƽµһɡ
෴Ȳûģҧгݣּĵ֣޲ðҶȳԵ
ҶȡŶʮ꣬ϴڽϣ½ʦܣʦ֣֮Ľλв֣Ȼ߽λв治ףҶΪ޿֣ѵԼӵݣͷ߶ӡøֹ߲
ף˼ȥס


1736 ˮɶ
һٶӣγɰԲͨڵĹ㳡ڴϷݡ
㣬ȻҶʦܣϸ֪߲㣬ֹⳡ־磿
ǰǣȻ֣Ǽһ㵣ģĿһֱҶϣʵ

Ȼһŭˣ֪ߵغеֶΣɽ磬ͰԼ浱ˣ֪ʥأŵӣǶôҫۣЩ̫ϵӣĸһ֮ӣ
ҶʦɽݣҲǱ֪Ӧһ䡣
㣬ǳǰɣ
ƳһǣܿͻָƽɼεҶȻûµģΪصӣ˴ˣ᲻֪Ҷи̣ô޷ֲĴʥػŹǿǵ㣬Ͷ֣ԸҶͽ
˵ҲǣǰΪģ
ʵˣԵڣڲһЩ£δֹؾһֻ۱һֻۣ֪ҶȻԴǻûг棬ҹţ߲㣬ҲûҶȵĿ֮ҲΪڵţ˸˵
ԭˣǻȻĿ⣬롣
ҶȻϡƽһɨΧӣĿϣһŵӣؽʦ֣Ϊ
Ϊҿ¾֪˭ˣΪʦ֣ʦý̻֪ʲôأ
ɲǼ䣬Ȳȣ͵˫ֿʼӡΧ󲿷ֶ£մȣ޽
ৣ
һɹɺӰ£γһɶ֮ѹҶȡ
ಣ
Ҷȴ߶֮չֳ׵ʼһɹĺ
û뵽˾ˣƾֶܼãҲδʩչ߽λҶȲֵȫԸ
Уȫ˵Ҷˣǵòʧ
ƣ
һΣҶҲʩչʥصĻ
˫һ֣֮ܺʣͷһɹǿ籩ӭ򺮱
ͻͻͻ
籩ϯҪߺֻ赲Ƭ̣һӰԵɢ籩Ҷȡ
̫ˣҶʦԵͽв񣬶Կ߽λʦ֣ܼôãǲˣǣƬ̶ѣ
һЩӣ޷գ۾ʱ˿̣ۼ֤ҶȵʵھֲҶȻ԰
һʸġ
ʦܣΪǻǵó棡
֮У߲ʱգͨ𵤻ĸ߲㣬͸󷨣·Ӿ
лԱӣ඼ģ
ҡҡͷҶӣʥؿУ˵ȷЩ԰ԳΪʥһףĿһУǴѹʱ򣡡
˻һ߲㣬׷׾ףѵ˵ģҶڽʩչľͨʥɣ
ܣҲ˵̫࣬ǵŵӣȻִ֪磬Ҷκʧ޷еﲢͻ֤ʲô
߲㽥ָ侲Ӹ¸·ƺ棬ǶԣСӹҼҡ

ȶδסҶȣЩ޷סľȻٴƣ֮䣬ĺ֮ǰĺӾ޴
䣡
ΧͽвԸе̹ǣ
ʦ֣̫ˣΪߣʦ䲻ţҲű֮ȻҪɱңҲҴŲţҲҪһ
ȷĹ෴Ҷȿȴնɱ
ƺƵ÷ˣ俴Ʋұ߼ʵĻǹǽ
ΧӣҲû£ȻѹҶȣҶ̫СԾţ漣׷׳ЦҶȲȡ衣
ǵϵȣҲ׼֣ͣҶ޷
ಣ
ɾ˾ôѶ֮ʣͻȻҶȻΪһӰı󣬳һĿľ޴

ϲȻͷ
ͬҶȹؿڰջһߣʯ֮䣬Ѿɱǰ
֪ȱһЦСӣ߽λķԣʯ޷㷴ңֱǰװҳ֣ÿ
˵ʱʱ죬ֱһĳ
ǣҶȴǰһȭһаĿͨȭӡҶȵƣ֮ǰ
Ҳ˵Ĺ˼ϻصͨȭӡ
䣡
һȭʵʵڵĶȹȻһȭǱģصػ¸
ЦˣٴλӶ˫ۣ

꣡
еӡҶҧۣƴȫ߶£ֲĺ˫ƣҪҶ֮ǰͻȻըȷȵĵ
ಡ
Ⱦڵ˳ƺɣڰղϷڣմ򼸸ֵǣȻûзҲûκζ
ҶȿǱһֱƽ˿ƺÿʲôʦ֣ȻҰɱ֣мֵ̣ϣǲзϣͱʬһߣ
ˣһиýˣ
ӰԻͷ뼸߲ա
еʩҶҲ⣬Ժ
Щ߲㶼ڰ֤̣ȴһֱٳٲȻҲһɫϧǵ̣ˣҶҪôȻˣÿˣӴ˲ǰɪһЦ߲㣬һֱ΢΢ȡ
Ǻ֣Ȱˣܰܣʲô⣬Σжλһȭܻᵹȥ
ˣˣʦ֣
߲Χͷʲô£𾪿־֡
һǰȼ߲㣬Ҫ˵ʲôѾѪһ¶Ŀ⣬߲ϰʦ̧ʥأ֪ͨ£һҪΪʦܣ޸𵤣
ʦֽ𵤡ˣ
˻һͬݺݵ·һٶӣû޷š
ˣɲܹң˭ȶɱ֣ͨոջδȫƣͷҲʩչ
Ҷȣеڶ˼ûȥں˵װʲô֪ģʼ˵
Ҳһͬȥʥ˫ͫźâȻû뵽ᷢ˵ز
һŵӣ𵤾Ȼˣشʧ
֮£ҶƵطʥڻ뼸߲㣬һʧȥ
Ҷȡ
ڵӶûɢȥ·չһۡ
ӣẮ֮󣬷Щ԰ףԭˣӿʼһνģԭԭʵȻﵽ߽λв߶ȣʮ¶û֣Եͽףλܸ߽λų֣㡭
ǰóһˣ޷ŵ飬ԭҶһֱڰϻ
ʵҲȻӽʥأ²񣬴ʽ½ᡣ
в񣬴ܸ߽вҲ֮С
㣬û뵽˭Դ޷뵽Ľ֣ǶȥʥˣȽˣΪһʥأδйĴ£ָǰյĵӡ
ȴ¡ȻҪȥʥδ£ӴصҶҲ˷Ӣĵһ籩ŻعȺʥ


1737 
ʥأƯյʥɽ
ʥǰٵ۷׷ףҲЩӢӣĵ·Ҳڴ¡
شţֹ˽롣
ʥ֮ڣɭ䣬һٶʥӣԼ߲ΧһΧ
ͬЩˣڴһԣµҶȣƺڰ̾һ߽вӣ֣֮ý飬ͬˡ
ż𵤻߲㣬վ󷽣ǺȫޣƺѾ֪£ʥصӰ졣
֮ڣФĪԼʮϣֽӡעǿӡԪȵ֮УȫΪĽ𵤣ڛ뼸ִߣʥһ١
˹ӭδʱڹƺûлתء
ͣ
뼸ִߣ֮󣬴˫ͫǵĵΧĸӣϲ񡢸߲Ϊ֮һ
Ҫоһ
֮
֮Уһ볤뿪ӡʣ¼ƿӡϢФĪȳϿóԣûкתƺҲһ˿תϣ
֮룬ҺѰ죬Ѱ죬Ҳô߲㡣
ФĪżϣ߳󷨣ʾ˺ЩȻףҲ֮ǰ
˿ФĪλʦܣΣ
֣δɹֻ΢΢ֹ𵤳顭Īڻص
Фȴ뛕˽ʦ֣һۣӻкܴϣ
һȻһϣδش⣬磺ʦܣǵ£
繧λʦֺ֮ǰ뿪ʥأżӣɼһЩȥˣʱ޷
顭˴˿̣ʼᣬӳ޺Ϊƣʥоһɳƣ޷Ĵ
̿һ㵣ð麹߳򛕷棺ΪҶȽ֣Ҷִ˽𵤡
Ҷȣ
䣬뼸λִߣоţ໥һۣФĪȳϣƺ֪̣ȴҲĿ⸴ӡ
֮ǰҶȽ뵤󣬾һ죬̤뵤Ϥ֮һҲδ棬Ϊʱ£˾鲻δãҶˣһʱŭԴ֪ﵱִ뼸ϣк󷽲ٵӣȥϸϸĵڵ
˵֮ɫӽš
ʱФȴ·ϲ֮ɫҶ̤λˣ
תȺ󷽻һҶʦܣ
˲һһͷҶƵشӺ߳Զ˵ľ㵡Ŀ⣬ΪȻĿ⣬䳰ȷ˴ţʥҲӳͷ
󲿷˶ڵȴʥδҶȡ
Ҷڸ߲ǰһʱ䣬ФĪˣ׷¶㵣ǲ֤ʵҶȵΪﵽвλҲ֣ҶȵϢȻһصϢ޷͸
ҶȸսʥʱӵеϢ
˵̶̶ʮʱ䣬ҶȲ²ﵽвʵͨﵽ޷⿴͸ĵز
ʵٶȣи߲㶼Щ侲
˲δԵɫƽʵҶȣǵˣſ˵ףһ𵤻Ҫӽ֣֮¿ɴС
Ǳεģ
ɴС
ҶȾʯͷԼͺµʧκ˶ƽһ仰㾪һͷˮֵһ½ӣ޵λõӽͣλҲй飬ֻЩ˾ӵʦ֣£޳ֶܵΣֻѡվԣûгĬһԩͷͲλʦ˵ļǣ£ҵȷδ̤뵤ǳȥתת磬Һܺ棬ʥأҲİȥɢɢ飬ջʦ֡ʦ֣λҪ۸ңʦ֣֪ǲǴ˼ѪĸԣʦֵĹϵʦֳΪˣҪѵң˵Ŀ޷ͣĿ𳤣ʦ֣۸ˣ
˵꣬ɫһɨ˵Щ֤裬ȷʵЩԳӵݣ˵ΪΪҲеˣʦʱ£ʸල㣬ֻ˵ػ
λϣҪΪֻҪҶʦܣڼУǴԵʹ¶֣֮У˻ߵĺ
óҪûʥͽҶȡ
ӶãҶȵȷԳݣĿˡ
Ҷȣɴݣȼ仰ûƵģһ䣺֪֡ʦ֣ν裬ǲ첻ȥҪʱʱ̿ڵڷܣ
Ȼǣϼ⣬Ťһ£ƶҶȵķ߲㣬޿֣
˵裿ʦʦֻ֣ۿˣ

ҶȺӦҲЩĵطͻȻףо˺ܴԩ˵䲻ģҶУأһЩأνŲŲ˵裬Ŀ޷ִͣڸ߲㶼ڣλʦֵ濼ˣóһ㵤鼮ָκһҶʮ֮У޷ϳҾ͸Ըһ
ԵýţĬϵûκõģҾҶԼİ취ܺãʦܣʥزԩһӣҲһӣ㵱ʮҶ޷ϳǱܷ
Ҷʦܣ
統ڶӣһڴĿ⣬ܿʮӰƯŸָ滨ݡ
Ȼ󡪡
˶Ҷȡ
ҶĻ᲻֪Щ˵ۣ̻һָץһһָݡ޻֮ۼ񻨡һӡ
һһϳҶȻҩԡһһ
δ˵꣬뼸ִߣɫǶʥҲһգФĪȳϣĸԼˡ
ǲ뵤£յӴ
磬Ҷȸ˵꣬ͰӰĨ¶һǿջЦڻ벻ͨҶΪζ̶ʱ䣬ôϢ
ңǼ߲ı飬ƺѾ壬ҶȲûϣ˿и裬ڷùѵõ϶
һ˶ۡ
һݣΪλŶ˼Ƚ𵤣Ϊˣ
˼ʦֵʱڳɣһλв߽λв𣿶Էɱҵ˼ǲˣңˣֻһˣͬǿɱ£Ҳ޻˵ʡ
˵գҶתһݡλĵӣ˭Ըɱ£Ըģ
Ȼһʣȷ˶ʵѻȸ
Ǻ˼άҶץסЩ˵Ȼһʣ˭
ֿ̣߲㣺λ˰ɣҶɵӣҶֺαصɵӣҪɱңңȴûҪɱ뷨ֻҪȫҪԩϣʩչһ޷ȫƿصԼһͨˣĳЩˣҶ»ǽֵģ


1738 ͷ
һ޷ƿصͨ
ĪҶ˵һǰ䣬ûжٶǺ漸仰ȴԵúܾ㵡
ңصĿ⣬ФԼ˵ȵȵĸ߲㡣
⣡
ʱȴ֪߲뷨ʲôҶȣʦܵԲѷ¶ˣְʦܽ𵤴飬ƺ˵ԩ
ʵʱҲйӴġ
˵ҲͬҪԼ棡
뵽ҶҲȻ˵ˣҲϸ֪ʦΪأͰǰҶˣһҪѵû۾Ϊһˣ·֮ʱ뼸ֵ߲㣬Ȼڵ֮ϣԼʦֽ֣أȴһѡ²ؼ߸߹̬ȣǲҲţʦ֣֮ѵңѧνʦһƿصĹԹԵӣʵ£㶼ֹûУƾ鷢չȥɹغڣ㻹δʥ𣿡
⡭뼸߲ȷڳʱΪҪһЩҪ£ԡ
ڻ벻ҶȾȻɣѻˮе¶ˣתƵϡ
ʵ޷ϣԵüΪ޴룡
˿µˣҪͣȴû˵Աߵ磬ԷǸ˾ҶĻѡĬˡ
Ȼ
ҶֵҲʲôҪӣֻһ½ӣǿʳ磬ߵöԶû뵽νĸ߲㣬νʦ֣˺ģʥΣΣʱЦڴǿվֹȶɱ֡
ԵüΪɣΣʥʮʧ
ȫŵ巢ԭԣ벻ģҲܿƵķΧ
Ф߳ڳӣֳϳϵϣʵ࣬ǶˣҶȲδ͵ڶ̶ʱ̿Уͨؼ֪ʶ£ܼסôϢǸ漣˵󣬾̫ϵӣ޷֮ǰ˵Ҷ裬ֱ޻̸֮ȻĿ޷ͣ룬ĸӳһʥأǲΪӪСµˣ룬Ҷȿ̿ùصŬ֪ЩӣȨѹˣԳȨƣӼҲҧˣοˣߣ߽λвصѾһݵĵӣΪҪһոŵ½ӽֻ֣ΪɣҶȵʱҲ˵һЩȲ˵ĻˣȾҪҶȽ֣ʥط治ģκεҪʥضȥ壬õи߲֤ҶȲʥأ֪壬֪أܸ֪˰ɣ
Фһϯ˵λӣӦöĺ˰ɣ
Ī˵ʱʥѾžÿӵҲ޷˽ԶΥʥط棬ҪǿѹˣǲԣҶеͨɽ磬γԿģʥأòӭȴܴ裬װԩһȥ£ʥغģ
ִʦ֣
˵֮ĸ߲㣬׷׿򛕷ˡ
磬ҲһӣڻҲòԸ
վλִҲߣǰгӣ׷׹ҶȴĮʧվţδʩ
龭ҾͲظˣΪִߣʥط٣ҪÿӹĶԴ
ͻȻ¶ɭ䡢ϾĿ⣬һ󷨣ȣԳݣѡıҶȣӷͣʳ˵ӣʥزݣգʥأ̤ʥһĨм䣡
Ǳԩģ
󷨣ӡеȣ֮󣬾ҵؿʼ
óôʡ
Ա߼ƿӡĳϣԪȺһ£ڵ棬ֱһץ
䣡
һִ߸һƣͷɢҲʧȥʶز
ʥأλִĮȻػصߣޱ顣
ۼ֤һ߽λвӣƽʱصôԾĵӣȻôȥΪĨȥ䡣
ң˼̴ʥ
⣡
ô£ô̧ˣ
ӣƿ߳ʥţ뿪磬һʱ䣬ٵΧǡ
ҲпԾ
˶ףȽ𵤱飬˿Ӧʥɸ߲취Ϊ𵤲ǡ
֮һĮȻصҪٳΪʦܡʦ֣ʥطԳݣĿ޷ͣӣҶʦܣѱִߵĨȥʥصм䣬ϳʥأӴ˲ʥһԱ
˵꣬˼ȷʥ
찡׷ʲô
˵Ҷȴʦ֡ȵĽ𵤣ʦҪܵʥسͽ䣬ôȱͷˣ
ñϳʥص³
Ӳףͷͷ磬˷桢ı顣
̫ͻأ˰ɣ㣬ôˣҶʲôֶΣȻתǬǿشʵ
һ𺳣һ󣬿ƳһȺһĿҲ֪֮Ȱˣˣĺܳף
ֵܡȻΪΪ³ޣҶΪһ
˼ٿȥż࣬뿪ʥƽʱȥעӵڵûȥ

ʥڲ𛕷֮
˫֣ͻȻڻϣֿ磺Ϊʱ£縺ʥصڴΣȴ˽ȣΪˣҵʧһλŵӣ֪
ӡ֪
Ѿ֪ʲôоǱʶһ磬Էû˼£š
ͬɱ
ϴ̬ȲҲǶĳͷӴ˲пܣΪĸˣΪͨӣҳȥ¡һ꣡
ӸԸܷ˿ǰ滰˼ҲҪñϳʥصĽ
ֳ֪ת
һ꣬ʲô
ҽһ´ͣǿԳΪ߲ӡ
˶Ӽˣûеһʱ䣬ˣΪԴĨȥм䣬ʥأٽʥأ
ǣȥ죡
繪ӦȻһִߣ뿪˴
ڵҶȣ̶̿ùڶ̶̶ʮ꣬һλ²̤λвݿ־ֵÿ϶δʥҶȿ̤㵤ѧϰӸ߼֪ʶȡΪʱ£
ӳԩѩʥصĺ񰮣Ҷȵʩ񣬱Եʮּ
һִߣԱߣȻһӰ죬ҶҲǵˣܵø
ҶȣȻˣǻ֮һΪʥط٣֮ڣܻȡκʥصԴȥɽ֮꣬Ҫʥط٣Ǵһ֣ͷɽ꣬ɷɭʵ
ӷҶȵش쳹ʥ
ɢȥɣҶȣϷȥȡз٣˺⣬˻ӻ֣ƳһҶȡ
ߣś˽֮С
ɢȥ뿪ʥ
ҶȣҲŹģȻأ£һ취úʰ㡭
һܷˡ
ﱻεأһִߣ뿪ʥ
뿪ɲǣͫﾡԹޡ


1739 
ʥһռڣ
Ҷśˣ磬ţ֪ˣΪεҪ
Ҳ߷ȷ
֮ǰǰһ˵ǣҪһԭ򣬾⣬ε˵Ǿ仰
һ޷ƿصͨ
Ҷ̤ʥأΪӵɽ磬޷֪ܣʥزǿбƹҶȽһУڳʱ֮У뾡취һ׳ҶȵֶΡ
Ϊɣô˵ĿģֻҪעʥط֮ġ
£ʾҶȲþн΢΢ɭϵ¼ʥؿٷ¼ĵӣʥ񵤣Ϊʥ޴ף֪ʧһλӵҪԣȻѷȥѱʥأҲܵͽ䣬˵ȣ޷Ӹϵʥض㣬ȴ⿪뷨һµģǾվߣȫ㣬£Ҫ˼⣡
ӸмԭʥضԵӣ˵ؿأ̻֮ʱӻΪӴʧȥʥصչˡ
ԛĳУҶȻҲֵ쳣мǵл
ʥػÿӣЩʥصĵӣǾȡϧᣬٴ˸һ䣬ˣղһͨҲǴȽ𵤵㻹޷ƿأʩչǿΪָ㣬ʹΪҲʶɽͨ
£˵ģҪ󣬱˳¡
ʵͨǵӴ֮УݻһַˣΪȭ̺ƾ裬ֻذ壬ʩչӡӵȭ·𿪡ҲֻǸո볤ָ̣
µ񣬿һжԼ룬ʥظ߲㣬ϳͼˡһ˵ȣҶͷĿģ˶Ŀӣ֪иɡ
գҶȻӲҪʥǿоͨξ档
¼֮ǰѺףʥضȡͨߣȻȽ𵤣ְȻʥŵӡ
Ҷȵĸ֮ʥҪʲô
ʱҶȶһӡ϶ԿռһЩƿأʩչȵͨ
˫һգȻóв׳񵤣ҶУ㻹ҪϰָķţԿռƿԽˣȭ͸Ӳ˼飬úУסϴζĳŵһΪϲѡʥһϣʦ𣬾㱾ܾ㣡
лϣ
һõ׳񵤣겻ģ뿪ƿռ䡣
ʥ
ƿռֻʣˣФĪֳϣûʸ񣬽Ȼת
ֻһӰһᵭŵֳ
ֻһӰ
ʥ
ʥأƣֲӰ˹ӭԭʥǿĴڡ
ʥĶŵ˵ΪҶȵĵӣȷʥأ޵ֻϢҲоˣȻһŲͨؼʥصϾ飬˿˿Ǻϣû뵽ɽʥɽ˾ѧʥأŲ֮ԵΪһ֮У֣ҸеһϤϢԵƴܷκ⣬˴ӽɳ٣δزܣΪʥܳĵӣʥأΪʮһʥأָտɴδΪʥأҲҪÿӣϣӣ
ˣʥƻָˣ˴žʵ
ƣ
ʥһĬƬ̣˵ʵȻ춯أڶʥʵۣûһˣĶ֣
һʵ𾪲ѣʵʥذˣôν롮췣֮ۡǲûָˣ
ֻ˵ˣû˵ǲȥ췣ۣ֮Ǻǣ˶ܸѵֻʥءʮȥ췣ۣ֮ĻʥءǽᳬԽʮ
ʥƮЦ췣ۣ֮ƬΨһֵԪʼżǴ˵еġ췣֮ʱһ޴ͨƬ룬ҲţżǼΪףʮȻ֮ڣκһ󣬳ưԣÿζ涨ʤɳ룬δʵͻͽѹȺۣҲܣֻʥأȥ췣ۣ֮
ѵѾӽߵ
󣬛˼Ϊ𺳵ĿӰ
֪Ҹоδȫ֣֮ҰĲĻʮͨںĳɳһֱδѹƣǾ֮ģҲʥأҲпܳΪʥǰʥ췣֮һ꿪һΣҿֻ֮һѰʱ䣬˭ż֮УõΰĴУнǧʱ䣬ʱҪָУĴҲʱЩŵӣҪ췣ۣ֮ҪԼʵ˶ȥģ
ʥ˵һ仰㽥ʧ
һֱ
ص
һٶӣƯڰգһ
ǰһִڵȴ
֮׼õҶȣɳִ𽥵գԶߡ
治ɣֻꡭ֮ٴҶϣ취õ顭ҧװ׿Ҷȥ޷õ
ִߴҶȷصʮ֮һƯյɽֻɽԵЩһûκֲֻһƴǹĹɽţԼ֮ࡣ
ɽֳһƬûһڲ̵ͬĽ磬¾񣬶Դơ
Ưڽ֮⣬ȻһЩӣΧѲߣֻ࣬ʮˣΪﵽϲ
ʥأͽӣѺӵĵطɭֲһɭǵ֮أѺģǲܻųʿ
Ҷȣɽڼ䣬κɣ뿪£ΪɽߣЩڣܵͷĵ΢ͬǿڹ»ЩܳͷԼ˵ӣֻԶڹ棡
ִҶȣǰõѲߵӼ飬ִ߼Ҷȷڲ
ӭ棬һɻļšųϢ
ִҶȽⷽ棬עϸڣõʥعյĵӣǲһ
ҽҶһµƣһӵģأ
̷·һĹɽԼɣƣΧͱڣȻûκֲ
߷ۣ֮һϸĶѵشɽ֮롣
ֱĶѵشǹ£
£֪ǿȥôһ㣬Ƿǳ޳£Ϸڣн֮⣬ĵطҲЩϸ졣
ѷ첻ٳڽ紦Ҷܵͽĵӣڽ紦ֻɨʯֻǴ˯
ɽߣӵöƣͿԽ£ʱ淢״ǿԽУʥؽ鷳ʵڲУԴ߶ɽƣ̾ͻѲߵӣ
ִߴҶ벼ĶǰյأֽһŶ뿪
תһͼһܵͽɽӣɨɨҶȣƺǳͽʱ䣬ɲ꣬Ҳꡢǧ궼пܣԵЩǷϡ


1740 
ҶȵδΧɽ⣬Ŷóһλв񣬲ʲôҪ洦ɼС
Ѱһ϶ǴĶѨһʮ˴Ŀռ䣬һ󷨣Ҷȱ棬С
꣡
˵ʱ䣬̤λĽλһԪ񵤣Լ񵤡
ɽ֮Уֵõĩ䣬ɽռһԪĲƸͳͳУǸδ棬еĲƸնҶȵϡ
ͨ壬̫ҵ֮Уֱ񵤣콣ɣְͨѷĩƷȫ֮С
ϲɱֵʬ壬ҲֻʣߣץһߣֻʣһߣҪŽĽλʹãʬ壬һϲͽλټҶԴԼͨƵ񵤣㹻λ
´ҶȽʥأڣ£޷Ҷǲʥʩչ֮ʣо
ˣҪΪʵѾ㹻ˣ
֮
ڷӡ֮еҶȣ뵽ǰһҪ⣬ǾǴǧͼν⡣
ͯĹ뷨ԷԵһС£ѾΨһѴҪҵıԴ
ȷǽ⣬˼һҶȼͯϹͨ籾Դʲô
ͯ촫Դкܶ࣬ľˮγɵ籾Դһ֣𾫡ľˮ𾫡һЩıԴЩ壬ؾҲǱԴһ֣ص籾ԴǴ˵֮еġʯɽľԴͬΪɽͼԴҲһ壬紦ڸ߼գԴѴҺ״̬γɼ̲ľ壡
ʯ
ȻԴҶȽӴ̫࣬ӷλ澫ɽľԴõҲںϹ籾Դȴڲͬﵽ˾״̬
֪εȵļ̡
ȵȡ壡
˼糱Ϸ֮ʣһͷһľ⣬Ҷǰæһץˮֳʵˮʯ𣿡
ȵȡ
ͯϿҲˮ𣬵һ۾͸оڲֳͬ壬ϱһģһĿҲͬþˮ
ʱŻعɻ󣺡ʯ棬ҲһޱߵʱϢ俴ʲôҲйٵļʶˮӦǳԽʯĸ߼ڣ
ʯ
ʯ֪ĿǰߴȼƷƷƷƷʯԪʯٵصĻʯ龧״ʣƾʯ꾻ﵽӸ߼Ϊ״̬ʯǵּľʯ뾧ԪʯԿ͸龧壬ĪΪ߼Ļʯ
û뵽ʯ֮ϣ˼ƷоʯԪʯʯʯĪǸ磬ޱ֮еĻʣ
ɽ硢硢Ĵʱգһ޴Ļ֮У֮Ҳл磬֮Ҳ޵Ļ磬ЩǹϵĴ˵ֻ񣬲п֪жߣʯǴӸʱգʣΪ絮Ĵ磬̺ʣﵽ˺ŵľ״̬ϧδʯԵóۣˣǧ֪˱Ԫʼ񣬶龧壬ʯӵߣֻϵţǿͨʯ֮죬޻
ô˵ˮһʯֲ˼ӲԽĽʣݻһѶȣôʯǲǶԻգ
ūͲ֪ˣʣžҲżʶʰˣʴΪһЩԭ䣬ڴǧ֮УմӻգżȻĻʶ˶Խκ壡ͯҡҡͷڻʣܽġ
ҲһԪĽ磬ǧʱգȻ壬Ҳͯ˵˶õ
һʱᣬ޷϶ˮ
ˣʱλ
𽥵ֹˮйž޲һԪѴﵽ״̬ԴƯš
ӡԪʼӿ𵤣ӡٶԽԽ죬ԪϺˮϵͨѪӿ𵤡
ٻͨ壬ҴٿԪ񵤣Ҷﵽһλλвˮ׼ʮ񵤣ﵽͬ߶ȡ
콣УʽҽʽϽʽŵʽҶȲϵںϣ澭߽߶һǻδﵽ콣ĸ߶ȡ

Ԫ󲻶׳󣬰죬ҶȾ۾׼ȫͻλ
ʦܣΪΣ
˼ֻǽݣ£һѣ
ž޲ҶȣͷӦǴﵽ۷ʱ̡
䣬һҷԶȻΪ΢ϢҶȸOO@@ץ
ֹͣУͻȻֳϢѷѪ¼
ã뿪£˵ǸᣬҲɽӣþΡ
߶֮С뿪ɽѨѰԴҷȥɹڵĹ·壬ͻȻһɽʯУ΢
ƺʲôȼգĦ
̫Ѱ
¿ʥؽأȻѪ¼еǴ¼
Ϣһʯ󷽣̽ͷһ۵ӣʯУһʬ壬۵ֳƿ϶һЩĩ
ĩʬϣʬ徹Ȼʼðݣҿٸá
ڻʬʬ𼣣
ǸӡѲߵӡ¬ͬʥ꣬Ϊﵽϲǧǰ£ΪѲߵӵһԱ
Ŀڸõʬ壬ã˴Ѫף˫۵ɵƼǰĿҶȽֻҵӵݡ
һѲߵӣʥأҲеλĴڣϢɱˣ֮ˣƻͬΪʥصĵӡ
ˡ
ҶȰ֮ʣǸ۵ӣͻȻӦʲôʶת˫۾һǵĺâ
ң¶һӢĿģ
Ҷ˶ƺûʲôȻʬ
һ߲ҲǺĵӡ
ԷͷŵϢҶѿԷΪȻòӵݣȻҵˣԺĵĺĵӣƺʥ꣬һвŻصӣΪﵽλ߲񡭡
һĵӣɱһϲ񿰱ȾӢӵĴڣ
澿ʲô
¬ͬҪңֻǸѲߵӣֻʥذ£ɱ㣬αװӣ£
ƺ棬ֻʣһ£ܿҲȼգһץһƣУȻʼӡ
ֻǼòȻӺƺûΪѲߵӡ¬ͬ
ƺҵ꣬ǱΣ֮صļֶΣϧֻܸıòΪͨƹǻΣͨδ仯֣һ۾ͿˣΪ߲Ҫԭα¶µеð˴Σգۣɱ˺ĵӣǱ£
Ҷʯ󷽣û뵽һʱ䣬ͻ״ͨɱԽһй¡
½ôҶȾͻȫ¼֮߳Ϊ´󹦵ŵӡ


1741 £
뵽㣬ҶȲ֪һɹ뿵ЩҪѹͷʲô顣
Ǽʯ󷽣ʩչƺһһµСڴһȻŻһ¬ۣͬƣ󷽷ʯɳ¾ֱȥ
˾룬Ҷȸĺƺ׵ʧۣ֮ҶȲŻȥ
ƺ¬ͬѲߵݣ󷽷¡
£ҶȾͲأҲǴ󷽷Ǵһ£߶ɽƣ׽֮С
һ档
磬Ȼ֮УһĻļţ䡢ͺͺ£ߴɣ֮£кܿռ䡣
ʮͽӣӳǰ
ûҶʶĻЩΪ඼ϲв߲٣ڻδ
ЩӼҶȣδж󶯾ڵϣ󷨣Ǿ£ʬ⣬һûж㾫ΧϣĿ̻ӵ֣Լ
Ǹ磬渡ƽʲôûУʯ粽ռ䣬꣬ȷǶԵġ־޴ĥ
ûһӣڱչУ󲿷ֵӣܽʱ䣬Ӧöﵽ֮ϡ
ʥص֮УȻЩӵļ¼ȫҶȿݣǶҶɽߣδκⷴӦɽʵҲܵͽĵӣѲߵɲһˡ
Ϊ𣬱ʵҴ򣡡
뼸ףѵԨһȻۼӣڶһȭӣδʩչκͨƽȺŹ
Цˣһ΢΢ֵӣҶȼˣͷΪȻﵽ߲񾳽磬ϣһûеķӡȻ˾ʥӡ
ڱŹˡ
ûʲôҶһɨ֮һҲĴˣ
ڵ󣬳ΪµļֵλλϲڵȷǸһ߲ǰ֥鶼ǣһȺϲв񣬲Ź򣬻ҷ
ʲô
߲ӣӦĿŤͷһǸɽߣʱײк
ҶҶȣɽߣңң
֪ȺĻҲҶȣʹſҶȣĻһϲӢӵϡ
ס֣
Ҷȵһ
󣬼ӯ
߲һȺӣһҶȣƺİΪһλвʲô
ɽߣǳͽӣһݣֻѲߵӲѹǡ
Ҷ侲ػһץĳһ񵤣ҵѣǶǳͽӣҲ£λŅ֣̀Ҫ˶ǣԵĻһв׳񵤣
˼˼û뵽۵СӣǸ·ǳãҾ͸һӣ߲һڻƨϣ̱ҶԱߡ
ಣ
ҶԶţָһѵҩ׸߲
ߵõ񵤣Цĺܿģط֮κƷᱻʥߣ꣬һ񵤣УĺôȻԶ
ֻҶӸ߲ԾʱԷȻ¶̰Цݡ
뿪ʮף𽥽һΧȻʱʱЩͽӡ
ＱæҶҲ࣬ͿǸҶʦܣлǰӣ㣬һ꣬
ҶȵҪҺÿģ˼磬ֻ˵˼Ҫƭңҿ취ʰ㣬֮ǰҲˣҶʥضԣֵӿԱȵģ
һᣬͷð亹ʵ̵ҶȵֶΣ˵ҶԶԸó񵤣Ҳڹ£һ㼱æǸʵҵĲԣ뵤󲻾ãһЩӣ;㣬ȣĲǣҡԹƺҲǺģܽ뵤ȫߵĺţԡ
ǿͷ֪ǹͷ𣿱˶վң㷴ϽͣҲÿʥ˶ң
ŻҶڰᣬûﲻ׿һ仰ȴû鷢췭ظı仯֮䣬뿵ֱӶԹǲһа취ȥ
һסҶȥ·ͷղڴš
ںĵӣ˽⣿Ҷʵ
ＫżɼҶһĪӣֻͣӦһ㣬ӢĵӣƶʽӣͬΪͬʻͬһЩŵӣһһ˽⣡
иĵӣΪƺŹ
ƺ
ͻȻһɣ϶ʱЦݣˣһ治˽⣬ƺҿ֪ģ֪ʥزٵӶ֪
ŶҶһ
ƺҴδӴżȻΣҲûʸԷ˵ǧǰȴʥأǴǺĵеһжȥһϵżжһ룬Ȼֹкĵӻصʥأ߲㶼˶٣֪ƺӣ˷һرһʮ־˵֮УиĪʧˣֻкƺһΪաĺĵӣعӪʥظѰһҵǵʬ壬ʣաֱǸӣ̱Ҫɱᱦɱλӣƺ·ȲѰѱż֮Уܡ
渵ʮֽԱ֪ʥŪԭ򣬵һʱ䣬ִϰնɱӣͷڹ£ʮ꣬ںƺʲôûУŸ߲㣬ۻżѰұϧһֱûѰºͽƽϢλʦ֣Ϊӣĳ֮УΪǵ໥ɱԺ䶯һʱΪ۵Ļ⣬Ҳ֪У
кܴջ񡭡
ϸϸ˼һҶȾ¶Цݣ׽͸
ƺξȻΪǱ£ɱһѲߵӣ뵱¼ȫ޷һδɱ˶ᱦΪҪ£ĿģȻΪգĿģǾգɱڡ
жʱ׹Ҷڻ޷ȷƺĿģҲϣ󣬽ǿƺɱڣʲô֮ɱˣ֣ˣӲС
ʦ֣Ժͬڵν̧ͷͷպΪУҿɲаĴҶͻȻһ裬翴
ᣬᣬʦֵͨõʥ˿أʦܰͲóΪһͷðæҡͷ
֮УϤһıϲĻҰⳡı⣬ҶԴ뿪ص󣬳Ϊˣıʲôʱܸ㣬ֻҪӽգҪΪʲôʲôͬѰĵط㶼Ҫңȥһҽž
ƻȻǰ֪ӻ֣ｫŽɶǰ
˰ʱҶΧڣפһᣬ֮ԲżоƺȻڹ£Ҿǰ
ʮа˾հн


1742 Ҫ
ҶвλãȻǰһԲοտƵصܶĿռ䣬ٳͽӣǵǵ˯
ƺǿ߾ۼ֮أϲආ߲洦ɼ
ڼҲ࣬Ҷȼû¬ͬĺƺȻһӶԻʱʱָҪΪ㡣
Ҷȵ֪ҶɽߣƺȻȻת뿪
ҶȰｻδʲôĶƺֻճѲӣЦˣˣ硣
֮Ҷµ뿪ˡ
ԷżҲδ˵ʲôı
֮ҶҲ¾ӣ뿪ռ䣬ǰͨһЩϲвܽӣֻܼط
뿪£Ҷȱ㿪ʼӦƺ
ִ뿪£ȥ֮⣬ڽѲߣҶһӦһһ˹·֮Уͻλ
֮ǰԪᣬδܵӰ졣
ԴԪԽܼ磬һԪܿһ֮УҶȲϴһӡǧԽԽࡣ
ֱطһ˿Ԫֻʣ½Ԫ
Ԫ󲻶СʱʱڱԪ𽥳ΪʮɴС
ȥԪѾһֱ״̬⼸ʩչߣӦƺϢûʲô쳣ȻʼԴ

ԪʼתΪѭ״̬ͷڵİƣԽԽСȫϢԪ硣
ˣ
ӡԪ磬оǧ⻪ͻȻעƵģԪ磬ȻСΪߴԴңӿӡ͸ż̵Ϣ
Դɹ
ʱӭž飬΢΢ҪһЩȫ飬һЩѪ⡢ҲˣҶóԪ񵤣ʼɡ
ڴʱͯϵ𣺡ˣ򲻿ɹ
ΪΣҶһ
񵤲ɵ磬˸֣޷Ԥϵı仯κʶؾΪָ飬ù֮󣬱񵤵Ѫ֮У֪֮䣬ʧҪǣµġʶħ
һİĴʣҶ˫ۣʶħ
򵥵˵ʶħǶʵҵһͬǰûз񵤣񵤣ǿڷ񵤣ȻǿͻǱʶ֮У÷񵤣벻񵤣㶼ǿģǱʶԼֲ֣ᷢӴ־𽥱񵤵ҩƣɥʧԼĵģӶʶħԴԼʶ֮У϶ĶǴҲʵħ䵱ʧȥ񵤣ʧȥʱǱʶӵǿң֮䣬Ѫͻ㣬һЩʶǾʶħ
ֻǾ񵤣Դ
鲻һзḻĸ˼άֻӡγɵ˼άûи飬ᱻʶң֮ǰ˵ģʵǱʶ񵤣һϡƽ飬ؽҪպʶԽۻҲ
˵ҲԣԺҵҪע㡭
ϸϸ֮ҶҲ֣ЩҩҪ
ΪǰǿĴڣȴص֮ϣ
ΪФĪָ߲㣬˽⣬ȴֲϸо
Уտ˱Ŭ
աŽں֮ʱѹħħĸԴʶĴڣǽԲע⣬˵ħٴε
һ룬ȷǺܴҶȼԼĵģַһЩ񵤣ϵ顣
磬ޱߵ硣
²вϲ񡢸߲ǿޱȣСĵͼڻǴڵͼ֮еײڣǲַͨӿ첽ʵһֱᴦ֣ò̵зʽ
ǿߣҪɱҲֻ
Ըˣɴ񵤣Ϊǿߵһֱ;
ֻֻܿǰȴδ˭Ҳ֪һ̣ᷢʲô
ʮ񵤣ڣҶַԴӡ֮֮ʣȫԪֿʼϵصǿٴǿζ
𵤵Դ֮ǰԴһѭ״̬ԸӸ߼ԴͬԴ
ʱҶ˳̤λв
³ƵٶȣһҪЩɣȻ뵽纺磬ʥأȻǷˮҪǿ󣬲̤ʥأǼ档
ոϹ¿ռؾҶȸоӿ޴ﵽʵʣִʵʻعյζ
Ҫ׳ʵͻȻӦƺַ¡
һΣҶȼӿٶȣǰ£ڲԶģȴͷ͸ڲڵλá
һƺ¬ͬݣҡڷ£ΧѲһȻǽ
˵һУҶȶŹŰʱڵλãͻȻͳ֣׼ã
óΪҲµĽƣǺ׽⿪𣿡յͳػӦ
ƽַһһǧ꣬ŴУ뾡취͵ѧһʱ޷ѣֵܿȡǼٻӪ֣Ͼαװ¬ͬҲܽ⣬һ¶ҲҪƳʥأӴ˻Ҫʥ׷ɱȥҶûкô
Ǽֻ֪֮ںδطҲ˵ֻǰȥҵƺ֣֪żɱ¬ͬѱѡ񣬵ֻе뿪ʥأлҵǼ
Ҳû·ˣ֣ɱˣҳ·ߣҲ޷͵Ϯ֣ñĵȥ˭ûкôģʵڲУҾ͹ٴ߲㷨ּ뿪£ʱ䣬ӳʥأһܱȺҪǿ
ƺǧٵȵȣЩƵȷӣǸ߲ƿؽƲַţǺƽʥµķӡ
ٵһʱɣʱֻƸۣһ
źƺʧնݵĹͨҲ˾ţ뿪¡
Ҷȴ¼ȻΣû뵽Ӻııһĵӡ
Ҷʦܣո¬ͬգȻĺܽûʲô¬ͬߺտƺߣһֱȭұڣ
ţĴʱڲԺ
Ǻǣʦ֣ҪˣһҪӺյһһκ쳣ٶҪңھʹƣ߲㣡
ǧҡʦܣ
ģǻﵣĿ־塢ǿҿ
ɲǣҶȾ뿪£ǸӦƺϢȷڽ֮⣬һɽ塣
ѴȸѲߵӣһкƺצֶλϤϢһʧǰˣֱӻ㱨ϣĸֱӣ
Ƭ̣óƣǛ˵ʥأģκΣգʱ߶̻ʥظ
һ̴߶ƣһ̷ɳ硣
ֻһṦȴѰѺƺգıһĵӵļƻŵطӡڷ֮УһⶣϢܲɷ֡
𿴻ֻǸСɫϾڵһϲҪӣúôˣҶȽڵȻࡣ


1743 ҡڻع鵤
ҶȾ͸Ӧƣ΢΢ػζ£ӶȻһǸ߲Ҫˡ
Ȼǲǰ磬ӿһͨʮӰϢ޵ӿ¿ռ䡣
ʮӰûһϲȫǸ߲ٲ񣬶мˣֻҶ޷͸ġ
صǿߣȶǰִϛˣ볤ФʮִߣͻأϢطҶȡ
߲ϣƹĲɣ
Ҷȼæӭȥһǿߣһ·֮ϡ
ϵʵҶȣ˵ģɶʵ
ҶȵԱ֤ƫ䣬ײƺƺʦֵıϻʦְа٣øӦϸϸ׽¬ͬϢӦÿԸӦڵ
Фǿߣ߶ǿĸӦ
¶޷ӹǵĸӦʥ£ᱻƿأǿߵʵ
߲ӣڵȴּ
Ȼ
ʮ󣬛ФֻۣӶԷüͷԵأҶ˵һ
תʮִߣԼ߲ӣ֮Ȼ˽ŦФץӺƺʣһˣҽ£ѹطգ
ǣ
һֿʼɢФ뛕˽һŰ֣ɳ磬ѹƺ
ҶśԼʮһ֣£ʣʮˣѾ룬ƽ硣
˶ϢǛФͷŵͨƿؿռ䣬Ҷȸе˼飬޷ĸ߶ȣҪӦǣҲ൱ѣǿر
ƺǸ߲ĵӣҲ޷Խϵͨ
һŴѾ
Ϣٹ£˲δ˽ڲɽۣ֮ɛͷŸӦȫ͸£עһһھͷۣҲ޷ӳ졣
ʱͲҶʲôˣֻȴǡ
ʵʵվһԣʵͷͨ壬ռ䣬ַԼ
һйʥǹ컯ȭ龻֡޼ս˻ơڰ׾ڰȵȵͨ
֮ԼͨҲһںϡ
Ҷֻ֮ںͨ徭飬մ󲿷м뾭飬Ȼںһ飬ͿȥС
ҶѿʼΪ֮صԴֻϲ񡢸߲Կʥǿߣһ۾ܿҶΪ
ͻλԪ飬иգҲ޷Ҷһ̤ʵУְһЩ񵤡
Ŀǰ˵ʵʥԼƿأҪģ²òͷܵƣֻǿԼղܹȥޱʶء
ʮֻһ磬֮ڣΪһʥʲôá
һСʱ֮
ͻȻ磬ͷųǵâ
ᣬֳͨһͨͷſԻռƣֻУФͷһƿƿһӡӡ֮ڣǺƺѴӡ¬ͬر
˺ۣ߲λΪǿǰ
ΧͨһڶѲߵӣͨʥһЩ߲㣬Լ߲ĵӣ֮ࡣ
˫ͫȻһһɷӡȻ˲ס£һֻӣҲɳȥ
ҶʥصѪֶΣҲ֤Ϊǿߡ
ոջδӛǿͨӦֻ֮⣬ֳһͨ
֮ͨУȻһŮӣмǸ߲ĺĵӡ
Ůӣȥֻжʮ£һǣڷỬ˿֮ͫзһȦ⣬֮еĲʥŮԦ
ϢҶ޷ӦһФͬǿĴڡ
и߲ĵӼŮӣʱӰݼ£
ҶҲѧΧˣ񣬶а̾Ǻĵһ£ֲǿصӢĵ̫ϵ£ĸӵгͨܳΪµģ£ϧ֮УûϣȻʥصľͷ
ʦãĵƺӣұΪʰˣФʾ
һʹ߲ʧ޵سФǰʩȻĮظĺƺҵĵӡû˵࣡
ʦãȽȥ£ѹգǱΪ飬ɱͬţѾϺպա
֣һٶǿߣ¡
ɽӣ׷εȴ£ϡһһƽʱԼĸ߲һһ
ûף˾ͷ¡
Ҳͼտµ׿ռ䣬ͽӣĹ²Ǹ߲ӣҲò£ǣмûй¡
ƺһӣҲδ£߲ӽٶ׷˺¡
ʱĻ䣡
ФƱ˵ؽٵ棬ͳͳ˵ˣգӦ֪ǵΪζ˶
ಣ
˲Ȼһŭһָյһ⣬סգһץѴǰִѹ
Ҷȳû߳򛕷ˡФץסʱʩ񣺡ϣܷıǵһ˵ĹͣҲǻʦðΣգܻ鱨ϣʥͷҪӶʥأһƬҳ֮ģ
ʥȻͷФףӦ
һĻľҪιȥڴҶȵˣȻ´󹦣뿪˵ԳΪ߲
һɨҶδԥãֻ΢΢ФԿһۣڵҶȡǶ˷¹ʧβΣգΪʥ룬˴ͣǶˣԻָɣ뿪£ع鵤󣡡
Ҷﶼ
Һĵеĳͽãʵʵ˼ҲָɣºȻ߳µĿ˵
ʥص°㻹
ͻȻӶŵòʱһδʩıӰڽ֮УһЦ
󵨣
һִߵӣҪѵ˵صӡ
ȴֹס¡
˪һЦݣؿȥܽһ꣬Ϳﵽ֮ĩѵ꣬㻹ףҵĵӣ䣬еӿ԰ʦģ룬治꣬㻹ִԲ򣡡
ǸΪصӣƵЦ뵽ѲֵҸģǶʲôӲɰʦЦҶԣȻ֮Աǣ£ҵʦ𣬴ӴҲٲ㣬ǵǸʥأȻ󰮵ɵӣΪ㲻ֵҸ
ǾͺãΪʦΪؽĮת

¸߿գʧͽ֮С
û뵽ʥأ⡭
ɳ£ҶȻȥ꣬£ʹ뿪ʽع鵤
ʮ֮ҶִӴ£һηص

ǿ졢쿴
Ҷڹܽôգ۹ִҡڣִӴ£ڵ󣿡
£
Ⱥ֮УͻȻɳһһգ𺳣ƺʮʶ


1744 ţ1
ҶȡڴĿ֮£ע֮£Ȼط
Ϣ˲ƲȻɢ
һţһӡ
Ȼ̧ͷգҶ޼ɵִ콵ٶ
޷š
ܵʥسͷôһӾల»ˡ
ٻӰæ߳ǡ
Ǽˣһüһ㣬ףҶȣôһӣֻˣϴ¼°ɣһδǾ˴ҡֻˣ
ҶȻҲˣﲻǱһ𣿿ɲ׾ܻģһȥ˹µĵӣٻɵˣ㵣ǸˣҶȻˣֿѧַ
ҶȡѲܽ䣬ָɣع鵤У
ִӣڿУҶµǵһ䣬תȥ
Ҷûʲôֵҫģ˲δ̤뵤תɽ塣
ӣż֪ʲô£һ仰Ҳû˵ǹϵòͬˡ
뿪ڵĸ߷壬ҶȾ̲סʳһǳ⣺ʦ֣֮ǰڹ£Ȼ߲񣬲ðµĵ񣬵ʲô
ͿƸʵţʥص֮ӣ
ĳ
Ҷȵδж⡣
һţĻṫȻӸ߲㣿ĸȻʥأţϣҲûд˵ļ¼ֻбʥصľţеĴ
ҶһҲδ֮С
˵񣬿û˲棬ǰǺĵӣŽλ߲ΪǺĵϵӣҰʥش¡£Ϊµӣ£ʥصľͷĵ£ĵΪʥعעţþѰݰΪʦУ˳һλ߲̤Žλ߲۷壡
ʱ˿̣Ľ渵켣ҲͶڲ֮ĳ죬̤Žλ߲񣬾ʹҪ̤񰡣ǿ̫ϵӵĴڣʥһ𣬲ײβһΪ̫ϵӣ˾𣬲֮˳񣡡
񡭡
ȷǵͼľ磬һ̤񣬾ͿԿϵʥ񣬴пܳΪһǿߡ
Ҷûϵ˵ţԭһ̫ϵӣʥأʽӡӢӣԼĺĵӣΨ̫ϵӡ
ڹ¾ͼһ
˵̫ϵӣǺĵӣҲʥأټĴڡ
ҶȸڴΪýµԭ
̾ɹʥأֵһ̫ϵӣǴ¼ʮκһ󣬽Ƕһ´磬ʥء۹ˣʥΪ񣬾ٰһ¡صףᣬʥظףǴ氡ͷˣ֮ʣȴ˭Ҳ벻ľٶȻʥظ߲㣬Ĵֱ¹£Ȼ󡭡Ȼʾ
ǸӰ
Ȼʥأɴ֮٣ֱͲԳȥ
ֵȻʥشŭû뵽񣬻ڴ֮ͥ£뾭ѵľٶʥشŭսᣬʥһŭ֮££ͷꡭ£ڵʱʮΪ˷Цĸ֪ʥи뾭ѵĵӣҲΪʥأͷĵӣ
˼һ˼ˣˣҺύϧ֮ǰڹ£ˣ˵ҪˣҶ̾ϢΪʧ
ҪˣʦܣûǱ˲һ𣬶̫ϵӣֵӿԽύģ˵Υ֮٣֮󣬿Ҳòʥأٵ
治֪ҶǸʲôˣ˵֣˾ǸЦĻ
ţ˾ڸ߿շֿԻصԼ
ҶȾʩչһƣһʱոλ״̬ɽ¼ҶҲоʱҴӿǿ󲽷Ƹ谭ֱǰ
֮
ҶȴòֹͣУɳڵһͬ;Ҳͬĵӡ
ǰصʮ£վǰҲһӡ
ٶӣеӾӶ࣬Ůֻ֮һǶ֣֪Ϊ˾ۼ
ʱ㵱˵֮ǰҵλӣҶڹ˼ڼ䣬ײһıʥƽıʥûܵʧѰһشˣλٴλع鱾ҴŸ߲Ҷʽ̤㵤Уʦܣָ߲ܵݣŬ𣬲Ҫ¶ˣʥʧ
лʥط⿪
ӶȻ֮ʣҶﵱ߳
˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻŶʧȥصùƣʮλ˵Ц뵤֮УҶֶö֮뵤ûһӣڸȥɷǡ
㣬Ȼ鼮һ鼮¼ͬģͣһЩģ͡
һȦֽʮӣڶ¥ѧϰ֪ͨʶͨӣҲȥҶ˵ҶȲǵͽв񣬾ܴܣһ߽λӵ
ﻹ˭ȥҶȣ
λʵȫҶȵĶ֡
Ϊ˶ĿƽϢҶڶռ䣬˼գʮӣ¼е֪ʶ
֮ص
ǰŽţ͸ˣȻ£ֻѴżȻʦܣϲ㼸׻
ʦˣˣһЩ²߽׵Ԫ񵤣֮࣬鷳ʦ㽻ҦǰҶǰһǰֵʮƽӹܿͽԷһö䡣
ȻôԪ񵤣
ץס䣬ˣԪ񵤣ʲôصһ£ҲƲٿŵ׳񵤡
ɲǷ֣Ҷȸɲ⣬ǰܾмƿҶȣڷҶȵϢѾ޷Ӧĸ߶ȡ
ʦܻҪЩϣδֳɫ
ҶȵʨӴ󿪿ڣ࣬ԽԽãԪ񵤣Ŭһֵҩʦпգպÿһооҹͬɳ
Ҿɣǹ죬㣡ھЩˣΪʵͻȻת䣬ЩӦ
ܿҸ뿪
ҶȼУ£Ԫδﵽλ״̬ڼ䣬ȻҹһΣһͬоһЩδ
һ죬Ҷ˵㣬Ҵ߶ơ
ܿ죬£Ӹ߲㵤ռ䣬һ¿ͿʵʦܿҪ
󲿷ֹڸ֪ʶҶյòˣ뼸λʦֵˣʦ㵤ҶȰ⣬ֱӵ
ʲôû˵ȻӣһǵȻҶȶ˵߰˰ˡ
һΧٵӣҶȾΪˡ
ǽռ䣬ʮ꣬ǧ꣬δյҶֵز
Žռ¶ѣ˵ʵ𺳡
ˣҶҲ̤㵤õͬ⣬һʱĽʺޡ


1745 ţ2
Ҷô졭̤㵤
ʮ˲ռ䣬ʮ£վһ̨ƵĴ֮УǰȻ𾴡
ӰֳܹΪס
Ϊ㵣ҲǴ󲻽⣬ŶãҶȾܴӶ㵤̤㵤
ǼԵڿˣռ֪ʶ˵߰˰Ѿգ֪δˣѶ֪ʶȫյģ뿼Ҷȵһ£žش
ҪðһλҪӣҪúù۲죬˽뾫Ӣĵ̫ϵָҲΪο
Աһ΢΢곤ѾҶȵĽ
ţ߲㿪ʼʧ
ռ䡣
ʮӣڿһһˣܣֻһЩӡ۲ӡ
Ǹո̤㵤ҶȣȻӦΪĹעģδԵж쳣ڵط鼮
㵤ռ䲻һ鼮Ѿֻ̺ϵķԼչʾ
񵤵ͨдͬҪģƵҩãַ߶źԵĲͬ
⵹Ҷȷ֣ʦͨʿĲ֮ͬʦѧϰ󲿷ֶרģǱʶ֮УγɹеķӡʶӴͨ棬ʿƫ롣
𽥲Բͬĵ
ʦǵʦƵĵҩҩˣ̺ޱߡޱߵĸ߶ȣʼգڹʵ棬ﲻʿĸ߶ȡ
˵ʥأ¼΢ȴ֪ʶ¼Ǵﵽǳߵĸ߶ȣŻںϵľ
ҶȽ㵤ռ䣬֪ȫͶ֪ʶ֮Уḻ֪ʶҶȲϵؼס
֪ҶȲŷֽȥһʱ䡣
βǼס֪ʶҪں飬գ۾͹ȥôʱ䡣
ʿ˵ʱʲô
Ҷ뿪Ȼͼǣһȴʲôˡ
ʱ֪ԭڵԼ
ʦܣεˣʵʵ㵤һһ꣬˵̤㵤أȴùͲĴţŮҶʩԵ÷ǳ⡣
Ȼ˵˵ЦЦ֮󣬱뿪ҲȥҶȻ˫ɶԻص
ǶʮƷʯʮƷʯı꣡óһö䣬֪̻ᣬԪԽԽǹӦ󣺡Ժʱ䣬öץס϶Ԫ񵤣
ǷдͨȻ⣬㿴һ꣬һŵҩҲδƣ
νɾӣȻԪ񵤴ܻӭҶȾҪ⽵ٶȣһԪгӦԽǿңôΪ̻Ĵ󻧡
ʦ㣬ʦиæҪʦ
Ҷ뵽Ҫ飬ʦҪ籾ԴйصĶľˮξԼбԴԽԽãȻŪ籾Դʯ
ʲôһⲻһ׮С£쳣ı顣
ʦȻдôʵһŹϵҪ籾ԴȻҲֻǳԣ֪веͨΪʿߣ뷽跨ǿֻܱ⣡
㻹С
޲øҶһӣԴĴԣʲôȶ֣֮صĸ֪ҶȵģǿҲĿŵ鷳ˣһʽӣ̤뾫ӢպҪСЩ˵籾Դйصıɶı
ҶȵҵȻ֪Բʦ㣬С£ҲῪڣѵ̻ûУ
뱾ԴйصĶ洦Լ𣿱˵̻ûУ󲿷̻ᶼӵУҲУҲǲóɣԴйصĶǿģ
ҪѴǧͼΪҪȡ
һҶʵЩ
ǧͼıֻн߶ҲԸأ¼꣬ȻҶҲ԰ѴǧͼΪϧû籾Դ֮ĴǧͼҲһɽͨͷˣΪͨ
Ҳʧ
ҶȳĬ֪ˣʮشʱʱ̶̿żﱻ֣׼һ̣̻ܻϤбԴϢŰɣһүүǣרΪ⣡
һϢϢҾͿóһǧ²ֵȼ񵤣һλŽλȻŽλ񵤺٣
棡
һǧԪ񵤣ɶ̻ᣬŲɹӰ죬һ֮аҶȺ꣬һмԪ񵤣һǧóһǧǿɲˣԪ񵤣̻񵤣
ʲôʱԶˣȻòʯҿֻҪ̻ṩϢǳ۱ԴҲ뾡취вȼԪ񵤣֮ΪʵκŬ븶ֵã
úãЩһͬȻżֲС£ȥ̻һˣΪ°ã
˵꣬뿪ˡ
ҶȻԺںڵѧĻ֪ʶͨԪ񵤡
λʵ񸮡ںһ飬Ҳһһںϣʵȫ
ҶȾٴν뵤¼ʣ֪ʶ
˷ոƲ߱ǿĹں֮󣬵γ޷̬
ʦܣ֮⣬иΪԾʦܣмҪ㣡
ʮ֮󣬺Ȼһӵ֮⴫
Ծ
Ҷ뿪ͬԻؾȵʦ֣Դӽصһֱڿ֮̿УϾҶһ½ʽӡ
ŬȻᱻ̭޷̧ͷˡ
⣬ȻԾһӽȴţһҶȣϲԾ˵ʦܣһλͬԻؾȵʦ֣Ϊʳһʥ֮⣬ɼ˾綾ʦַӦģȥһ棬µȲ߲㣬λʦ־Ͳˡ㣬ǵӣûʱԽⶾ񵤣ʦַ£ٿԱ֤ȴ߲ȣ
һȣ
ȻԾˣҶԻؾȵĵӣҶ룬þܾҲû룬ڵͨ壬̰յһŽⶾƷƳһ񵤡
ʮҶȾͷһץһŻɫ񵤣Ծ
˶˵ллת۶ȥ
˶иѣи£˭һ·˳˳ˮҶǻؾȵӣҶ֪λʦֶû£û£ص֮С
֮
Ȼ䣬ʮ߲㣬ФϣһЩ߲㣬ʮˣͻȻɳǰ
£㵤û˵ԭ򣬾ͰҶߣﱳҶȸ߲Ҫȥ
ʲô£
Ҷ벻ס
Ҳȥ֡
Ҷ뿪ǿ̣ͼЩ˵Ǹ˻ǲˣΧĵ£Զ¶˼Ŀ⣬Ź
ȻФϣǴοЦݡ
ʲô££
ʲô£ǲõ飬Щ߲㣬Ļ˵ıٶЩ£һƺҪҶȿ͸һһĿΪˣ˿Ҷʲô£ҳ顣
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͰģŻضˡ


1746 Ϊʱ
ӵӿĵԽԽ࣬ףΪμ߲㣬ôͻȻˡ
Фһۣ߿ҶȣҶʦܣ֮ǰǲǸһŽⶾ񵤣
û뵽Ϊ֮ǰԾ֮¡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ߲㣬ΪλԭӦղŵȷгԻؾȣʦң˵һλʦ˾綾ѰΪͬţɼȣǾͻ飬һⶾ񵤣
ԼƶɣһԵФѿڶ
Ҷ˼ȥǰԼԼû֣ѡһʥأͨĽⶾ󡭡Īͳɹˣ
Сӻ컬࣬װӣ֣ˮƽҲﵽĵǰ߶ȡ
Ⱥ֮УʵЩȥҶӣҲӦ
ФοЦݣ޵ҲƵĽⶾ񵤣ðλӣѹھ綾ø߲㼰ʱ⣬û뵽㻹һţ뵤ŶãһͷѳɹƳһö񵤣ʥأδֹţʮҲδйģ
񵤣
ܣãһ궼ţ
󼸺ȫӣŪ߲㵽ԭ
֮е֮Уǣĸţ뵤ҶȣȻ񵤡
һˣͨӣ޷
ˣȴѿԶ񵤣˭ֲܴڵ顣
ϣȻҶлɣ»¶ۣʱԳ£е뾭顣
Ҳ˸ɻ󣬿ФԵúܽ
ФƬ˼üʦܣк뷨
ĿҶϣһɨӣȻҶţֻǾе㻳ɣʱҶȵڣһöⶾ񵤣ֻҪۼ֤˭ҲỳɣҲȷҶһţõص
ҶȣÿУФҲҶȡ

ҶȹΪѣͷؼϴγƽⶾ񵤣ǵ磬һĪľͳɹˣûгɹ
ҶȣɲɹҪֻҪƳ̥ڿƸַ֤һУ
ǰҶʦܣһ֣ѧϰѧϰ
ʱ󷽲ٵӣʼ塣
ȻЩ֮У󲿷ֶǻųЦֵ飬ĸͲãҶǰۡ
ƺЦţƤ˰ɣ
ðɣǵӾŬһԡ
ҶһԵúԥ뻷£ܲӦ
Ȼܣ֪ǰǸӣҲȥ
ӣʵڼԼܣ֮ǰû뵽Ծһͨⶾ񵤣ʥ⣬ǧǱһʧҶμƻҲû뵽󷽷Щ¡
ֻΪˣʧȥ侲հ¶˶Լϡ
Ƭ֮˵һҶȼһʮͨĵһƷʣȴֻ²ȼ
¼̫죬ҺڷĩռĴ֮УмĵƷʶͨԽȼü֮
ȻСͣƵģſʼӶ˫֣һӡٶȲ죬ȴҲﵽһʮ˳ĸ߶ȡ
һˣ۾֮ǰĻɡ²⡢䳰ȷ𺳶ִ㵡
ʦܣǰҶȽвҪ뵤󣬻ܵһԵģ˵ɽ֮ʱҲƹҩ뵤ڿһδƭʥأԴޣ㿴ӡٶȣͣҲˮȻй飬Ҷʥػ֪ʶһգ
˶עҶ֮ʣФֻǿ˸ˣȷʵʵԣͷŴ硣
ԵúƽҲ޷ͫǷݾ㵣Ӧʦֺ۹⣬ȷɽ޺ƴȻҲвٸҶҲɽõʴ˲ڶ̶ʱ䣬Ͼ飬Ƴ񵤣ͺýͣԭסЩеӣȻΪҶ֮ϣȴſʼӴ෴ҶɽʱѾһ֣磬ӦõǺܿ죡
߲˼ȷˣԺҶȱǵصӣҲһеӶ
ʦˣ
繧صͷ
̣
λãӵ֮ڣܳ𣬿ƲȶҶһӡһԵЩͷð麹٣λвҪһ񵤣Ҳ൱ס
Ҷͻλвٶȣԭס󣬿ͻƵϲ߲񣬶Խ󲿷ֵɽʿơ
߲㣬ʱʱнһ䡣
ФҶȵĳɳ֣ȻԽԤϣֵӣδϣ
жٵܡֹҼǰ㡭
һֱŻɵĿ⣬Ҷ̣ҶĳеԽ֣Ҷز¶׾
ⲻȻһȺˣƭ
֮
еһû뿪ΧûֻҶٴνӡĺҺȻڻΪ˵̥
ơ
ۣ
ۿƾҪҺγɴ뵤̥״򣬽ҶȲ֪ʲôԭ򣬿֧һ㣬һѪȻżγɵ̥Һƣͳͳɢ
ʧˣ
ٿ
ФʱҶȺ󷽣ָһ㣬һɾҶȱҶȲ԰ɫʱ
ǿ˷޷ֵһ˿һѵФѾԽ񣬴ﵽʥ񾳽磿
֮ҶȲ˿Լ̣Ҳ벻Фʱ֣ԷҶڣͷ֣̫ˣФ޴
ֲ࣬ҶʶҪΪһǿߣﵽФָ߶ȣڶ̶ʱܴﵽꣿҲҪǧ꣡
Ҷۼ֤˰ɣ
ͷϣڱҶȲ뵤󣬲Ŷãأǧ˰ɣˣҪҶȶѧϰΪҶȵŬ쿪ʼصһλʱ£
һ겻ʹӵͼӣΪʱ£
ӣǲԸԼĶ䣬ǽ뵤ǧ꣬꣬Ϊʱ¶ܡ
Ҷһ죬Ҳ̫˼ˡ
¹ʥغָҶȣФмѣʩһΪӡ
ܶ񵤣ѳΪҪӣⲻʥضչˣǰչģˣڽ뵤һʱ䣬ڰ֮䣬ͻΪ£
Ҷʦܣʦ˵ֻʵŬҶˣʱΪµĻվ֧Ҷȡ
ȻĹ£ĸҶȵţԼʥضҶȵĿգպȻΪʥش
ڻ缰ʱùϵǵжԣȡ³
ӣ׷֧Ҷȣγһߵ档
ǵӾ;ΪлʥظӻᣬӶڼ֮䣬Ƴ񵤣ҶҲƺ˼Ѫӵˣظӱ֤
һеðʧ
úϢ
߲ʱػ䣬Ŵˣ뵤
ϲʦܣ
ףʦܣٵǹ֮λ
ʱٶӣΧƺ£Ҷȵߴڣһʱ䣬ƨĵĶ졣


1747 
һνף֮ҶŴ󲽣ǫ飬ȻΪʥ֪ҪӣȻҪڳһ
ʮ£ԴҶȽ뵤
ӣһ뵤ռ䣬ʼԾ
ʱ£ֻʱӣĸҶȵǱԼʥضҶȵĹעΪ²ʲôȥӢĵ̫ϵҶҲǸ߸ϵĹ¡
ǣص£򲻴ߵĵҲΪһȵĹ¡
ϻＫϣ˭ҵҶǸոս½ӡ
Ĳ㡢㡢㡢߲㡢˲㡢Ų㣬ŷУʮϣһԶĵӣеĵ
ܶĵӣصӣ׳񵤣ѾˣõҶȰ֮Ҳһڴŵӡ
ڸߵ¥ռ䣬ԼڷŸϵĵطɹػҪʲôϣԷ䡣
ߵĵռ䣬ʮ˲㣬صµĻռ䣬ҲǳµӣӶڵĽء
ֱͨѰʲô飬£ֱͷͶӰʮ˲ռ䣬´﷨ּ
˽֮ҶȾͳ׳ˣһ㵽ʮ߲㵤ɽ룬Ϊʱ£ҲûжʵȨΨһĺôɣȥ߲ռ䣬ѰκҪ֪ʶ
֮һжƽϢ
֮УҶУϳλ۷壬ʣһϲʬ壬Ҳա
ڣֻʣ·ĩһʬ塣
ԼԴʮֳ㣬㹻ҶգϽ
ʦ㣬ÿҲǰкͻȻͣҶ¥ݿڣͼһ£ϰϰ
ھʹỵ̂ӴΪʱˣǲҪ졢ʱʱ̶̿Ҫ񣿡
ᣬʦ̫ῪЦˣ
£ͬѣ˭Ҳ
ʩչ󷨣ڲϢ֮󣬼ʦܣһֱ˵Ҫһµ񵤣ûнչ
Ҫѧϰѽ
һҶ֪ж༱УҲǣΪʱ£һֻ׳񵤵ͨӡ
Ҷ΢ЦƹΣʧܣÿƣ
ÿƣ˵Ƚ𵤣żȻʵȻңҶȣǰڹϷҵʵΪɣͻȻ䣬һıҪ
ֻȻǰ꣬ŭӣҲղܣеˮһͻ鿪
ʦˣͻλвʵʦܴ࣬ȣżȻ
żͷװģӣˣ˼ƽϣʼҼʶʶ˵ĸ߼񵤰ɣ
Ҷȹӣ񵤣õһŲƪҩ֣ΪԪ񵤡Уһ⣬Ǿ޷ҪУҪ飬ô죿ͷѣҪǣˣҪٻָԪԶУǲ񵤣ˣ
Ԫ񵤣˽ͣǿԸУ֮󣬵ҩ֮Զ߶ԪؾüëΪ𺳡
ɣϧֻǲƪֻԼоԼζ޷ɹеüĿʦ˽ظôϣ
㣬ˣҪѰ籾ԴҪҦүүѴȥʮзֵΪעţ
лʦ㣬ǿʼɣ
ҶȾͿʼһͬνԪ񵤡
ԪֻҶȹ⳶ôأ¼һָ߼񵤣ͨںϣҶԼһ񵤡
˵Ԫ񵤺ãӵǿؾеٶȳԽˡ
ˣҪԪ񵤣ܲÿˣҶֳͨ
Ԫ񵤣ͨ˵ȷкܴãԪ񵤣ͬ񵤣ɱ¼ϵĵҩ֮һܱȡ
ҶֲɵӣһͬǾʹţԪƷױգһԪ񵤣ʮ֣֮
Ǹͨӣָ֣޷ġ
ˡ
ȥ£˶ڲȻһδʧܣֲ¿ʼ
Ȼ䣬ڣ΢΢һ֮
ʱ̨߶Ԫ봢䣬ɲǼ¶뾪ϲҶк㻹ˣû뵽ô죬̻˹籾ԴϢ
Ŷ˵ҶڴѴǧͼΪȱٵģټ籾Դ
أǰ˴æ
һҶϲüҵЦݣ䣬ͷųԹƣ㲻Ҫ˵̫磬үүϢֻ˵ܣ㶮ɣ
ڱҰ⸱ҶĲǺεȵĵ⡣
ŵүүһֱҲΪҵģϣΪҵһȻ𣬴ҽϲԴžŹһʱΪԴ̻֮պõõϢھ롮ܽһ֮أ˴ضͷųһΪ𡯵Ȼ𣬲ڵĴȵ˵пܣĻϵԴ𾫡
Ȼϵ𾫣ȻܣżȻԣһϢ
ȥһ£²˳٣ǵ϶үүϢ˵Ҳ֪ϢƳһۣȻȥҲԲȥ
ȻǸᣬǾҪȥ˳ʦ㣬ʶҶһֺõģȻ뿪
ȻҶȣӣлһ뿪ʥء
뿪ãϣʱ䣬ǳ֮С
ҶСѣ
˽̻ᣬ㣬һᣬҦ׾ʹڲ߳˼䣬ʹ˽ơ
ҶСѣԪ񵤣ǹӦ󰡣ҪӰѾҦ׾ͱֳԪ񵤵Ĺע
үү˵£ʲôᣬֱӺߵ
ӣûѧ㡭ðɣżӣ¼֮УһȻ֮һҲǿıһΪѪľΪԭ򣬱ѹڵص꣬𽥳Ϊһֿȼʣȼ״̬꣬ͻγɲ𣬾ν𣡡ҦҲѰģ˵£Ǳ
Ȼ챦¶ȲЦݡ
ҦҶȣʮ棺ҶСѣһصĵصףϵҲ𾫣ֿܣУҲпʲôûУҪãҴڵġ¶۹ңԶ۷УܶҪ֮ãϢ¼
ȷңԶȥʶʶᣬһ˵ǱȽϲģҶȱȭӦ
Ϸȥ׼һ£ȻͻѴı˵һ£ҶСе׼
Ҧվ䣬ֶȥ
Ҷȼǰóһö䣬Щ˼˵ǰﻹٿԪ񵤣㵱ϢԤ֧ʣµ߰ٵҩʱϣ
СĻɣϢҲԼˣԾԪ񵤣ûҵ𾫣˷ʱ뾫Ҧ׵ˣ仰˵ͷͷǵ޷϶
ȻˣҶҲмȴûռʲôˡ


1748 
ҶȻصλ£ռ˴ˣʣ߰ٿŵҩ½Ƶ񵤣̻ۣǳΪ˳ʱ
Ȼûб˺ռġ
ʦܣ˽֪ʲôʱһԾµǽϣóһƿϸϸ
ҶԱߣңԶʦ̤ܲʮ꣬Ļ˽ϸ
ʱûаڳӣ˵ʮĵ۹֮УһĴڣҡǿĶ࣬Ҳ࣬Ȼ棬ҲкܴأκϵǺһʦ֪ܿʮڣĸųƵһͷ

⣬ǲѽ⣬ʮ꣬ҶѾʮ鼮Ҳ˽ӴƬƬ˽
ǿľͷȻ¡
Ҷѿڶĸ֣ʥأ
ʥأʮԱߣڵҲ׹˵˵ڵĴڵƬ磬ʮʮﵽ֮ǰҲˣʮңԶĽ֮У˹Ž׷
Ž׷
ҶȻͷһ˵ΪƬֻʮڡ
̾Ž׷ʮγΣ໥Ը߲ٶȣʮκһҪʮʱ䣬ʮ£ʥֻҪһ£в񣬿ĵõ겻ϷУпܣﵽ֮һԶڴ󲿷˵Ž׷֪Եİֻдﵽ񣬲ʵٶȣȥ֮䣬ʥЩײβ̫ϵӣƺ
ʥʱ˿̣ܣϸ˵ҶȲ֪Ǿ޴ޱߡ
һʥأ
ֵʮڣʥؾǵһĴڣϾͷʥأʥǰֻڣʥصӣһţܼʥصĵӣǲ֮ˣͽΪϸң޷У˵Ϳıһιǳʥأִ˵ʥģԴпʥصĸ¶۹ֻʥصͬ
ǴУпӴ˵ʥصĵӣ
ƺĥ뷨ҲԴΪĵ۹ڷ硢ɽƺҲй
Ӵ޷ģ
ʱҦ˽ʮ֡
ȫǸ߲񣬼Ҧָ֣һɲ
үүԷˣڶʩ񣬿Ϥ֮ˣȻʵ
һ׼ã
ҦֿһҶȣҶ̬ȼʾˣת뿪˽ơ
ʮ˵Ķ飬̻뿪Ȼ֣Ϣӳǳش뿪ŷա
ΪչҶҦ׵ˣٶȣŵĺȻǻܿ͵߽
вٶȣϳС
֮󣬲ò;ϢֻϢ˰죬ֿʼУѾԶԶ뿪˵¶۹Զʥء
ˣʥص̫ʥغܽʥءʥҲԶˣڵΪȥʥأ²ܴ
־۹ؽ磬Ŀ֮ԽԽ
ҶȴУȡһݸϸʮͼԱһ£ԭʥڵ̫ʥغֻܽҪ칦򣬵ǿԼơ
뵽أҶȻǷˣ鷳뿪ʥطΧͱݣ֪ɽ硣
Сģնߣ
Ժ󣬷ɹһƬԭʼɭ֣ոս룬ȻһƬѹѹֲаĺƣշڶ
պͷӴķޣƾֻʣ¹ͷ
ϸϸһſƣȻ׵ĺɫɣǻųҦ׵ǵ֣ΪǷ
һ·δ鷳û뵽쵽˿ֲնȺ¸߲񶼲ǵĶ֡
ųһ亹͵ޣһȺмܣǼæɭ֣Ϣܡ
֮󣬴ն߷ߣ˲ŸðͷΣգż·
ַ죬𽥿ԼһЩĵ۹һʥصĽе۹ҲԷ١
˽һ۹֮ڣҵ̻ķֵϢ죬֮֮ǰҦһλߣһ֣ͬҷɳ۹գʩϢ֪ϢһϵҲЩ󣬶ȥ𣡡
ɲǺϢѵ£һˣ
Ҧ׹Ͼ˶ߣҲҪȥһˣ˵д
˼ٷ
֮һΰĵ۹һƬ͹ɽ֮ϡ

Χ磬ʱʱһǳأȻǵشﲩʮַˣղط
ٶԶ֮󣬺ȻԶһߡ
ԭ̻ڴֵһˡ
Ҳ򵼣
̻Ȼʮٵ۹зֵǾԽԶȻģԽСڴֻ̻̻ᡣ
ߴ˷գһ֮󣬽һƬľɽò֮С
Уǹϵɭ֡
룬ͻȻһĻա
Ͽ͸ӦһȵϢﴫָоҶʶͷһʱԷϢˡ
ܿ죬ʮ󣬻緢Ļɽӳ
ңʱʱ֣ڲͬĻɽ֮䡣
ɽ֪һɽǶô޴
λߴƯڰգӭˣܵλϢƬɽֹ֪ڻɽ֮Уڻɽ֮£ֻҽӿ֮Ŀǰδ˭õ𣬶Ҳи֣һʱҲҪһɽѰңڿǻЩɽ֮У
ǿҲҪֿжһһɽѰң̫СҦ󣬵뷨ˡ
û˷ԣҶȴվﶼǸ֣ҸӦɽµ¶ȣ̫£Ϊ˲ϺȣһǾΧѰңܲջ񣡡
Ҫģ
£ҲҶ֪֮ͬҦ׵˱ǲᣬȫҶȵġ
ҶСѣǧҪСģ鷳һʱ֪ͨǣΣҲ˿Σգ
Ҧصؽ䣬óԶ˵ǺŪ˵ġ
ϾҶʥصصӣи̣ô̻ᣬҪΣǻ
ǰģҾͲţΧɢһҲΣգҶȸм
ಣ
ʮˣԶΪϣһɽ
ʧ֮ҶȾһɽͷֶһɽڴ߶ӡͨ˳Ҷһͨ壬ҲǵȴҦ׼˹
һͨ壬ҶȱıòΪʮģҼΪϢ
׼֮ҶֿͨжͬɽϾ£ΪɾٴأһˣѾԿ͸Ϊ


1749 ˻
һɽһ˽һ˵ˡ
߿ոɽܶˣ۽ѷЩѷ쵹ǿͨɽǸܴڣ¶ȷʵ̫ߡ
һɽѰȥʱǸͷҼпܣһҵԴ𾫣ʩչ龻֣Ӧʮɽһ̺ͬĻϵȻֱѰһ𾫣
˼һҶȲδäĿɽ˺Ϣʩչ龻֣ʼӦʮɽڵӴؽ硣
Ӧ͸һɽ֮У͸˵ˣԽ¶ԽǾˣ²񿿽ɽ룬ᱻ£ճɣ
ڲʱ¯磬һʿϢӻɽ롢ѷ֮У͸Լٶˣֲڲͬɽ֮УҶȸӦģ޷ӦʿǿߣҶ޷Ӧģ߲̫ңԶֻأҲ޷Ӧ
͸ɽ֮£ذ֮£΢΢𶯵ҽһݺһӵĲӿӿͬɽеֻص֮С
𾫣Ȼ¶ȸߣϵϢŨҵĴڡ
¶Ϣ࣬Ȼҷһɽ͸һ¶ȸ߳ʮϢ
ϢҶ¶ϲЦݣ𣬾ǱԴ𾫡
ָӦһ˽ɽûĻϵϢôпܣǸӦɽ
̴߶ͨʩչ֮УһΰĻɽգɽӵиѷ죬һӻɽͬʮʿϢ
ҵʵҲµоԵֵ
߶£ڲŲռ䣬ʼת
ͣ
һѷռ䣬ӭµˣƺҪҶͷŵյһȼ
ܿ챻ҶӦҾҲʼ߶𽥶ҶûκвǰһϢζ˺ܣڲûжٿҪϢ
ϷɽΧѷ磬Ǳض֮˺γɣɼȻﵽôֲز
ʣǳɫǽɫȻڲ𽥳һЩ棬䶼𣬵ֻͨôһɽ磬Ǿϱ
ɶ񣬴Щˣ̫ǽ·
ɽ룬ȴʲô磬Ӱ·Թ𽥷ɽ

ǴǿߣҲɽ֮£ѰԼԴ𾫣
⼸˶ϲ߲֮䣬Ȳȥʧ֮ҶȲſ·һ޴Ļ¯磬ȼյ𣬾Ƿں֮۽
½ͷŸӦʱʱ͸ӦһΧɽѰʲô
½ף¶ѾҶͷǺҲ𣬳ȼ磬ȥЩǹڵ۽
ϸһɽڲѱͿգ·۽磬±棬Ϊض˺ͨ۽ЩͨݺύȻҶӦ󲿷ϢЩ֮ͨ˸
УðΣѰ
Ѫڵ³ȼγɣȻڻɽײпҵԼԴ𾫡
һӦҶȷǹڲͬϢǴӻɽɽںϵ봦ͷŶҲ˵Ҫӵ۽ͨ磬ҵ
ɲװ쵽ģǾ£ôҶȲȥЩΣյطвΪ˿Ԫļ󣬼Ҳĥ
Ͼӵо£ΣҪУһ̽
ҶȱܿϢļͨѡһͨոͨһɣǿ԰ڻ۽
ȻΣգͨǳһƬףͨӳƸʳ˼ɵ
˼˻ӣǡĻʡǰͨڡĻʡǻӣҲڣǼˣͷл
ٶȺȻŻҶһΪĮ˳
ӿ죬Ծ˻ӣɣĻӣݶô󣬾ȻѰȻ
ס
һֻ΢΢Ȼգۼ䣬ҶȸӦܣҲ޷ܣһͨռ䣬Ҳżɿ
ͨڲ򣬷ɳʮˣӵһλӣһǸ߲ΪϲûС
ײҶȻŶԷ֣Էֻ˼ۣںûݵðߣ֮ͨ⡣
Ǹӣһػ֮Ǵİ˻ӣôһ˻ӣڵ˰ɣ
ҶȻ˿һµˣ˻Ӷò˳ǰһΪסȻһǿڣ߲޷ͨУ
ֻ˳ͨƵȥĻɽ룬ǿдͨǳʱ䶺Ȼ⵽ԷͬԴΪסǿĨɱ
תɳͨڷ
ʮ֮ҶвϷУȴͻȻּӰڷɹ
һǿߣ
¿ɲһ˻ӵȸ֣û֣Ϊ˼󣬲м֣ھͲ֪ǲͬˡ
Ŷǰ˻Ӽˡ
׼ɱҶȣȴַļˣϤӣٲȻǰ˻ӡ
ôֻˣ
һ˵Ļţ
ಣ
˻Ȼû˿ҶȳֵӣɹŪҶһͷˮǰ˻ӲʣҪԷɱȴֲ˼һĻ
԰˻߼֣Ȼ۽·һ津ɱǻ津֣֪ʲôȼŻ棬۽ںһ壬ȫ۽Ѿһˣ߲ڣֲ۽
䡭
棬ðʮͷҶͨڲӿ
һĻҶȽŵһð̣תͨǱȥ߲ڹ֮£Ƕ֣ҹռʱ˺ͣû뵽ɽ֮£˶ӵĻ˹š
ףʲ㿪ЦǡޡɲһͷǳȺȺӿٲߣ˭Ӳˣ㲻Ҫ̫ţĸΪһУ
Ǳչһֱֻͣ˻ӱ˵סһ£ӣһ԰ףаϢҶ뵽ɽİپ
˫Ȼһ
аҶȣȻԴ˻˿ָһһа⣬ٿҶȡ
޷ӣ
ֻء
ԷȻգ۾ͳˣҶս׼ԵģǸ߲۷壬һ
Ƕ֣ⲻãҺöԷֻһ
д߶ֻͨϴ򣬻֮һȻԷ⣬εһɶռȦ֮УҶȳûһǹȦͨ
Ŷ
һУʱа˻ӣüͷһʵ벻ôͨ󣬾Ȼһز¶
ˡ졢ӡ
£аˣͲŹҶˣ߳
󷽣˻ӻһǱ˺۵ķʮͷ޴Ļ
ޣ
˭֪аӣһɫתˣŵĨƵģһˡ
˻ӿΧˣδһʱ䣬˽ߣǣ
ǣ̳ȥ
ʣ°˻һˣȴŵƳһּۣͨһߵҶȣȭλֵܣһ˵ðգһͬ·ôҲиչˣǸղǰףѶ֣ȴûɱ㣬Źģ


1750 ͬԸ
Ŷ
⵹ҶȺ⣬һӣôһ֮֮ϵĴڣ˶࿴
ҶȻشǰߴ֣һӿߣҵϺ󣡣
̰֮֮ǰѾüλֵѹأһͬȹޣϣγһֹǰ
ಣ
˻ӾȻץһ񽣣˵һ£һԵʯٶȣҶǰ
ݣ
Ǽݺһֻֻ´֡
Ҷ뿪˵ǸʲôĻӵĸ֣ڳڵҡ˻ӣҵͨҺ˵һɾеηƣǸףӦΪɽ׻ܶҳ֣
¿ѵĵزҶ룬ҧסأȻڲʥصӣǾͿ޼ɵʩչһͨ
֮ǹ
֮УҶȻΪӰһǹ̳ʮǹӰغͨһߡ
˻ӼҶȳ֣Ȼܸˣ֣𽥶סͨ
ֻҪγɣ赲ӣ˾Ϳ԰ѵ޹
޽
ֳ֮ǹҶȣúԣҪҪͨԵǿдĹ
߶λв۷壬ҳԽλҶȣԼ֪ﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
ݡ
Ȼ޽һ˽һˣγԲΣͨΧ
ʱ˻ӰעҶȵκξٶǵҶͼһɱ֣ǿɵòʧ
Աһִӣ˺أΪһʵֻﵽϲĽλλӣʮ־ˣͨҲ
ܻⰵ׵ĹȻصĺܡ
˻ӰһЦ뵽ðľţλв񣬾ȻԱλϲǱʴδʶģʥأҲδ־šһ֣أڳɳڣھΪãǿߣ
˿͸ҶȵΪǰ˻ȴԿ͸Ҷͨ
СֵܣĺܺãȺޣͨһϲ߶ȣһֲǸ߲񣡡˻ʮ͵Ҷȵͷ
߼ƺó˻ӻл
Ī˻ӣҵΪǿҶȰһΣû·ܱ԰ǿҪǿ
ᣡ
˻֣ͻȻһɷΪһ⣬ʱһ˵󷨣ͨµʵʵȻһޣϹ
գǸϿ뿪
˻һ֣ҶҲʱϣδ˵һЩĻֻ£ʤ
ಣ
˶ʱʩչٶȣͨһˣҶٶҪЩֱٻ̷ϣٶȲǿϡ
˲˻뼸֣棬ȻǸƷȴʮʵá

һӣ˾Ҫɳ۽֪ͨǰȻһƬķ棬ͨȫ½ء
֣ͣͲסɱ⣺ɶİס
˻治ɫֻ΢΢һָܿƽӦϵĸ粻ŹκһصĻᡭֻµһְˣûĸӱʣ
ӣ˵֣ʮֵ䡣
֣ͨ棬ǲð칦򡭡ΪͬһϣҶȿ˻ӡ
˻ҡҡͷǹסڣŰ֪޷ԸôȺǽԸǣ
ֶΣ
թҶᣬ۹֮ĻȨǶôҡ
䡭
ֻǹʮ˻û뵽ʲô취
ͻȻ֮У۽һڣըϴټ˱仯һɫ
ԣǲõѾ޺飬׷
ꡭ
Ȼͷײе׷ƶ۽ڡ
һ֣ʲôԣɫһԣӣˣԵúܼɵƺǱʲôɱǱ
⡭
һЦҲûУøɭɭģһʲôȵ޸Ĺ


һ۽ͻȻ𣬳һͷͨޣӴ屶ֹľ޴ޡ
֮󣬻Ӷ׳Ĵ֣۽סͷܵĵޣֱ֮Уҧ
˻ӺǡǸӸ߼ĵޣѳԽ˸߲񣬴ﵽ񾳽磬û뵽ͨĻɽȺǿĵޣ
ﵽȼޡ
ͷƤ飬һḷ́һشࡣ
˻Ӵʱ˿̣ʾǿãͷﵽȼĵޣʮǿ󣬱ʵҲδﵽҵ֣ӵһǷҪնɱ򡭡ǾҪΪʳ
ǣһش
Ұһɱ
Ű˻ǰһǰ׳ɱĵޣѾûκ·
Ҷ֣ʱԼǿԪһͬӿ˻ӡ
ˮ񽣣
һɫε񽣣ڰ˻ǰ˫ֲϽӡպ󷽰˵ʼ߶񽣡
񽣣Ѵﵽȼ
ˮ񽣣ҶȾ뵽ڹħԨɻӵõǰͽˮ񽣵Ϣࡣ
ˮ񽣣Ҳһѵͽ׵
Ǵ˻ӣ˶ϣ
ٿ
о߶ˮ񽣣ʱΪΰĽ꣬ϯȥ

ޣһŽһţ¶Ҫ۽ٱ֮ڣҲž˵ĻҺ塣
ͨ

ɫҺͨײγɿƲ϶ײ
һʱ䣬ضɽҡ֮
ͨһˣ𺣰ա
ӣʱЦԱλ˵磬̫ˣõնɱ˻ӣˣĻǰ¿ͣ
ǰôŴ磬ҲɻڴĻžҪ̫ϵӣʱ˵аգΪĹһˣҲΪ˷ܡ
˻ƵЦ˻Ӳģˡ˸Ҳˣ벻ɽôİ˻ӣʥصĺĵӣôͻȻˣǾһҲģ
ˣûսǡǻĻӵסڣ
ĻǵӣѵĺҲˣûȥһڰ˻ӣģû컯뼸ӣȨ
׻֮䣬֣
ʵˮ񽣣ˮϵպܵ޻ϵơϾҲǸ߼ҪɱǣЦ
֮ͨУ
ʯݣƺһ£ͻͨ
Ʋ϶ײһȼҺ壬Ŀɫ˻ҶȰˣ俴ЩǱȫԼס
ޣ֪ʶߣ㿴ʥصٴδ߶ԪҪʩչһŴͨ
ȥҶᱻ
˻ͻȻ󷽼ˣɭɭĿ⡣
˵ͷԼ
ƣ
ɲǼ䣬˻ӵ˫ۣһ˸Ө͸⣬ڲڱߡ


1751 Դ
ʥصĴͨ
֣ҶȽ۾
Ŀõһʥأͨ
ٿ
ͨʱ䣬Ű˻ͨΪһɼž״̬
һƬ⣬Ӱ˻Ө֮ʧ
Ȼ󣬻Ϊӡޣ

޸оΣҺȼ۽Χγ۽㣬Ҿ޴壬ҪǱ۽·Ҫݱܷͷֱֻߡ
ϷӡŰ˻һѹͻͻͻһ£ƴڵ޵۽֮ϣһ۽飬ӡ֮⣬ûڡ

ֻգ۹򣬵޾Ͳˣѩ׵Ķӣһӷ׳졣
һ³
ӣͨ޵Уɱĺãɱĺã
ߴҶȣֻһ˶˻Ĵָ
˻ǫ飬նɱޣɲһ˹ͣͨȫңƽΣ֡
һĸвһůȺȺġ
ۡ
ף֮ʣͻȻ޵ĺԶ֮Уһɳ֮ɫ˻ͻأ̳
ڸı䣬ͻȻʼüã

ǧһ֮ʣֻһǿҵײڰ˻Ӻ
˻ߴĿɿڴ𺳵ؿһˣȻԼסһһ߳þվڰ˻ӵ
ûô˻ӼпܣϮҲֻ°
ˣҶȣֳ˾£Ȼһ͵һѪۣ
ǼҲ׹۽
Сֵܣ
˻̷סҡҡ׹ҶȣǸм뵣ģԷΪȻͦǼǵޣͲµͨ壬һ䣬ǼͻԶͷţˡ
ȻҶȵסˣ˻һͺ£ʲô
Χ֣Ҳǵ
û£ҺżȻõıףмãҶóһ񵤷£ڿʼ
˻Ҳóһƿóܶ࣬ȫǸ߲ҩҲ߶ʮһȫҶȡ
⵹ҶȲ˼ܾĬĬˡ
˻Ҫ˵汳
ߴ֮УʵԻΧŵʬ壬ѩ׶ӣһͨ͸оƵģŪѪ⵽ɡ
˻ӼҶɫָȻԵúھΣҶȸ첲û뵽ҳμ棬Ȼð˴գҡСֵܣҵˣڴԺߣ
л˻ֻ̧벻ǰ׶žͺáҶ¶⡣
סθҶԱɱ֣ĸ˼Ҳˣҳ֣ʰģôӣܵµģ˻Ӱ©ȻŹǸס
ҶʵھûȨ̫ˣңµǸЩʼҴΪǰ£ĺòãпð³
֪ôġ
Զڰ˻ӣҶñһ룬ҲΥԷ˼߲
ʲô⣿
Ȼ󷽴־̾
˻ӴҶΧȥһֻ񼶱ĵޣȻӣϡãĵ֮УȻһƴСɫ͸ľʣƯϷ
о޵Դġ
ѵǡϵԴġ𾫡˻ӴɲǴӾ֮Уӭһϲ
𾫣
һԵҶȣȻһ𣬾ȻҪҵ籾Դ𾫣̤Ьٴȫѹ
Ļ𾫣˭Ҳ벻Ȼڵ޵Ķ
˻Ϊ߸ϵĻӣԹɫı£һ޷ȼģֻǴҶȲȻӦ֮УͿʲô֣ץ𾫣һȵϢϵرֲͷǿԭɽ֮أ̵һ𾫣ű˵׺ǿ󡭡
һֱ˵籾Դû뵽ֵײˡΧһ֣ĸò𾫣ҲԱһ۸
˻ӵ̾Ҵ֮ڣһϵ׸ʥһϣʥ֮УżȻóһˮϵĺˮЩԴ̫ˣһҲ޷ʹãֻʥϵǿߣͷޣҲδֻǻϵޣպÿԴ߶𾫰ˣ
һֵӣһɽ֮£л𾫣ܾôһɣӲܣĻ𾫣ˣ
ӦˣֱҲγ̫࣬Ҳͼ飬ЩȻӴĻɽиĻ𾫣Ѱģջ񣬽ҪЩпܻٴ𾫣˻ӿ֣ͷϢһһɨ
׻Ӧ
˻Ӳͨڣͨͨ
ǣֺԥȥ
ҶҲȥæȴ˻ʾ£һˣʵСֵܣǷ𾫣
Ȼ䱦Ȼ˶ӵУҶ򾲵ʵͷһӣ뵽ණ
˻ӺǺЦʿĳСֵƺԻ𾫣رȤһ·֪ʵݣ֪ǰҵĸ磬ĻӣСֵȴһֱݣӶټΪ´ΣյĻɽԨ
û뵽Է˼ҶȲòʩ񣺡
ĿģΪ𣬶Ϊ˻𾫣ҵļλ磬ҲͬĿģϲϵ󣬶Уǻ𾫣ֻʥϵǿߣſںϣʻ𾫶ԱʣҪģ𾫣ʥأʼпܣǰõʱ̫ϵӵݡ
ӵ˼
СֵһʣֵȣԱʾ𾫣ֵ㣡
˻ӵ⵲סߴĿ⣬Ȼ̯İѻ𾫣ݸҶȡ
ӣıһͨ󣬺εºܿӵУ߶˵׷Ķ뾡취Լ˫ֵõ벻˻ӾȻĻ𾫣ֱҪ͸
һݾ
ҶȻ£һ£ôǰ˻һͣڰ˻Ҫ𾫣£
νӢۣСֵܣȻѾó֣ʹûûĵǲҪɰ𾫣۽֮У
Ҷ޷ǣ˻ӾȻִ⣬óѾ𾫣ٲȻѾͳȥѾſ֣Ҫѻ𾫣۽֮С
ʱҶǽѡ
£Ȼ˰˻ӣǶԷ֣Ҳ޷ǰһĻӵĸʱʱɱֻ뿪
һ£ӴͳΪ˻ӵˣûʲôܰõģ˶ͰװˣҶȲˡ
˼ȥҶȹҧһѶ𾫣ģ˻ӱȭлӳ֮ԺʲôԸܿڣֻܰ쵽˵֣
úãͶˣ֪ݣʻ֪Լ˻ٴҶȸ첲¶ɵЦݡ
Ҷ񣺡¡졯һɢޣõһλ͸¶ĸˣ֮һ£ףλѰԼ𾫣õ֮һں֮ڽϲʱںԴ֮УΪԴ𣬶ʦ˵Ȼ绢һûԴ𣬾Ҫֻͨϵӡӡʱֺ


1752 
ʦ
˻һЩ㵡
뿴
£ҶȾץʮֲϣתŵ޻һץһѪںڲ֮С
ִ߶һ󶦣ѸٰѲںС
ž
ֻǰʱвڻΪҺҶּʱӡһƣںҺ֮Уһ
ˣ
ֻǲʱʱֻͨڹ棬δͨ
Ŵʧһ񵤣ȴƯ˰˻ǰ
񰡣
˻ͬ˴󱦱סոճ¯񵤣ΪԼʶᱻһַƭ񵤣֪֮еĲڡ
СʱҶȾȻƳһ
˻ӰҶġ졯Ϊˣֳ棺û뵽»ֵţλв񣬾ͿƳ˲񵤣ٶַȫʥЩҪӣЩϣ㣡
ӹˣ»кܳ·ҪߣҶȻָƽԵǫʮ㡣
˵ȻģҴЩʦǴӸʥ̭ģʥأӴٵӣǵֶΣһһ񵤣漣һ㶼ҪϣֻЩϣпܣһڣƳ񵤣㣬ʱƳһ񵤣ǿʥЩϵĸ߶ȣλˣһλĴڣ
λ˵ڣһ컹ңʱһϾһУ͵ģڶʦ
úãӴҪκıܿڱǣҴشﲩʮ֮Уһ۹ʲôŪֻҪֵ̫ľУˣԺĪҪЩǰĲŻչֵĹͻ
ͻȻ˻ӳضһ䡣
ӷģǴСģطâ촦
Ȼװ˻ӵ˼Ҷȵȭף˻Ӻ⣬һֱЦݣΣҶȾҪȥͨ
Ҷѵ޵ʬ壬ģӵȼޣ˵ôĲ˼顣
˻Ӽ״Ȼʡ
ҶȾ˵ҪޣֱӵʬԽ࣬ԽǿпܣƳӸ߼̺ҩĵҩ
һһ棬»ʦ
ҲɣۼҶȵҲᵽʬ壬һΪҶȱ
䣡
죬Ҫʱգ߲֮£ӷ֮Уһͨ
˷ɳ֮Ѿر֮£ȼյ֮УΧ۽ܶǰǿ߼ʵľ޴۽ռ䡣
ˣѸоǰд˴
˻СģҶȣΪ̫ͣһͨ˻Ҳ˲ðգ
ʱ۽ĵ룬ɲǼ䣬һ޴ݷ棬γɵĵ죬۽룬ΧǷڵ۽
ޣڵΧ̽涯ƺһᣬҪࡣ
֮ϣһƬв֮УһЩѪɫҲ㣬еĿնȻһȼա
棬˻ӶߴЩҲ֮УҪҵ𣬴СģҪ뼸λᣬҲΪֵòɿľ棬Χĸ֣ᣡ
ǣ
֮Уʱȥ˻ٴҶȶһʾСЩֱ浺졣
ҶҲؿ浺졣
ͯϣһ𾫣ںϴǧͼΪΣϿҶȻҪ鿴ΧûûɱȻʼ񸮵鹵ͨ
ͯϵҶԺ𣺡ǹˣֱȻԽԽ࣬ôǧͼ֮Ӿˣ
ˣ
һ𾫣ǹˣ༸ݻںϵĻǧͼӾˣڲռԣߺܹ
Ȼˣ취ŪĻ𾫣ǰһǱڵͨ壬ٻ۽롣
ҰѵūӾ份
ūΪ֮ڣϢ˹ӡѪ֮УѾҶ֮ǰĵūǳ֮󣬱ȫɣںϵ䵶ū
Ϊѹʶ׿ƵūҶȻʩչ龻ֲ֣뵶ūԺڵĵūѲҶȺ
ūжྪˣҶȳʵ
ūˣūȫܵ䣬ӵвҲһֿµľ綾һմȾʴճΪҿƵĿܣ
ⲻҶ뵽˵ɾɱˣڻµ֣֮Ƕ֣ѹ
ɾʱȫںͨǾˣǵūһѰģȫںϣӵй䲻
Ҷȳ˼Ƭ̣ϰд߶龻֣Ҫ𣬶ջϢӦټ۽磬δл𾫵Ϣ
ֿ죬Ҧ״ż֣ȻһɱӰӣԶɱ£ֻ鷳
л˻ѪͬϢ
ʮµĻӣԼһĻӣ⼸ʵƣڰ˻֮ϣӣϢѾҶ޷ӦпܣǴǯư˻ӵĻӡ
ǴĴӣ֣ҪôҦЩᱦлᡣ
ǣĴƫƫϺŵ־棬ԿóΪ˻ȨΪֵʲô塣
ס
ĻӲԶҶȼҪصǿߣס
ʵǿ󣬱ƽѪɱ˲գۣռɢҲ㣬ǵ
ҦףʵȻҲĴӲ࣬ʱδõ
ӦˣȻݻϢ
ʱ֮ڰҶȣ˾޴ջ񣬶ͨ壬ҲѾǱһ˰
ݻ𾫣
ҶȾϲЦЦ𼸷ΣĻӵڣȻһϢ˸Ӧõõһݻ𾫣ʣݻ𾫣һ۽磬һݡһͷڣ
ĻʵҶ룬ȻĻӳ֣Է޷ѱָնɱ
ڷ֮£۽ڵǷݻ𾫣õĿԣǱĻҪ̫߳࣬пܡ
ھǲڵ޸еǿ𾫣лõġ
ޣҲʮû֮ǰͷȼĵޣҶȻһգնɱԷ
뵶ūֿһͬ뿪Ư۽һϷȼյԼŨϴ棬ʱԶϢϴʱˣڵ֮УɱûҲ۽·Ķ
Ͼȥ˭Źᣬ뿪졣
죬ҶȾͷֵʮͷ֮࣬ϢԼϲ߲֮䣬Щ̻УǶȥָ֣Ӧ֮УзǳǿĴڡ
ֻݷ
ϢԽԽ
Ҷȴ󷽣ʼͿշУЩ޼Ҷȣ޲һڳԵȴֲ뿪۽գۼ䣬ҶȾͱһͷǺܴȴҲﵽ߲ʵĵ
żͷޣſһʯ·ϸ֮УϷоǱڻſ

Ŀ꣬ҶȾҪ뵽Ը취߲ޣʵ޷濹⣬ֻʩչ취õİ취͵Ϯ
ūʩչͨԱߣͷʱа취֪ȥþжϷЩǿߣһգ˾עķ


1753 ֵõ
ūף
ҶһūͷȻЩľ飬ǰĿܣȻûжٷֱ
пԸޣˮҪ׼ᣡ
һţˮū
նɱ߲ȼĵޣҶȼϵūͨ壬Ҳǲܵ£֮أʩչ
ɱֻˮʤΣˮϢǿע⡣
ʱūҶȴ߶֮ͨҶͻȻ˫һƣʧȻֻصԭλá
ڵū

»ͷޣͻȻ־塢ʹĲҽһֻūǴ߶˿ƣûһֱۣѪֱۣΪѪֱ۴رסޡ
ʹöԷ޷ֻͷŷ
⼸ͷޣǽףȥæԸū֪һɹѪΧ޷ֹǣ
򣡡
һӣͻȻڼͷ޵ĺ󷽣˫һѹڵĿռ䣬ȻʼĦһϣĪһ
ͣ
ͬʱס޵ūͻȻһֻ֣ţˣˣǵūǺúõģֻ֣ͻȻð죬ƺ˾綾
ͣ
ū͵ΪĶŵţһġ
һ⣬׾ʹ̴˵ţӴҪ׹۽
һӰ֣Ҷȼʱͷڵް׹۽ʬ֮С
ͨ뵶ū̸ϣҶں֮ͨ󣬷ֵū˺صˣó񵤣ū£Ȼ֮С
صū˴󹦣Ҷȿɲַȡ𾫡
һ̧ͷһٶǿߣɱһҲ㣬Ѱ
ʲô򱶡Ҷȵûȥ⣬ӸտʼϢδйͷ
ͷŸӦȷ·۽һͷϢ
ҪǱ۽ѿɲС۽¶ȣ²մϣͳ˻ҽвҲϲ˼£Ҳյʣֵ߲ܵһᣬȴҲܳʱ桭
۽֮£֪жٵޣŪ۽棬ǵ¡
˼ȥ۽֮µĻ𾫣ҶЩ˲ˡ
Ǻ£Σ̫ߣ޷ԦΪԵĸ״
ʿֱǰҲҪаյ飬ֻ֣һ˿˿ܵ飬ֻзҶҲìܡԥ֮䡣
¿赲ϧ۽֮У۽ĸ£Դﵽĸ߶ȣһ۽¶ȾڻµĿܣһڻô汾ʣͻ⵽ƻһȥðա
ܾȴҲܣ˷Ѿ£˷ˣһԵõ𾫡
ˣ
ҶԴʱͻȻͯϵʱس֣ȼķʥ񷨱ҵƷʣ̫ңԶ۽¶ȣȷʱƻ£Է񸮣ʮ꣬ҲûжӰ죬ϾƬɽ޴Ļ磬ڳʱ£Ҳڻֻ񷨱Żﵽ𣡡
񸮿Խȥ۽֮ɵͬץݡ
ͯϵȻԣնԴڣֻҪȼȻ⣬ˣԷģ
ȻԣҶȾͲ˷ʱˣ߶񸮣Ϊһ⣬ҶȶУȻ⻺۽֮С
ʱҶվڷ񸮿Уͯһᷨӡǰֳ͸֮ͨͨ⣬ǻ桢ĿЩ۵۽󣬲ϵؽǣ۽󣬾һĴ
֡оκεϢ
񷨱񸮵
ˣжѾ³˰ףͯϱֽӡ״̬Ȼʵ
ס
ҶҲڸӦ֮УȻ˫ۡ
½ٶȲϼӿ죬ȻҶȾͼһͷͷ۽ζĵޣеֻаƴеһСɽǰ޴󣬿Ǵﵽȼĵޡ
ǳȺԣں֮Уζǡ
ͯϻܣˣСͻܶڼԪ֮ĩʧôЩޣŻʧ
ôĴͻж޴󣿡
̫ʮɽγɵĻֻСͻôͻأҶȸеܺ档
ɹһƬ޴ĺںһˣһ磬Ǹ磬֮ǻԱһʮͼǻ磬ʮҪ屶
Щ
һôԪʼ˵ơ𳬼õȻ֮أû飬ȵȣ
Ǿǲȥĳˡ
죬ҶҲ㳤˼ʶжܺ棬ֻаѴǧͼΪſԼ¼꣬Ϊǿߣȥط
ǧͼͷҶĿ֮к֮緢
࣬ǰɰףǻ֮ʱڣ۽ǧ׵
֪жҶһָֹͣ³ǻǰȻǿµ۽
ֻǰʮףͯϣͷʲôһˣǰкôһ߹ƣӦõ֮ģ
𣿡
ҶЩţֻԸӦϢԼϢ޷Ӧûʡ
˫ͫȻŲ룬һ˵ľ޴ǧףȻƯҽ֮С
ңҽ·һϵʯʬպó𣬸оʯʬŵĹء
ʬͨ͸Ȼǵ޵ĹǼܡ
ͯϵˣͷ޲򵥰ǰ´ﵽʥ߶ȣϧ̫Сǰѻչ⣬еޣɥٴ󼸱ôпܣ̤񣬲
ˣȻҲʬߣƷ֮ġ
ʥ߶ȵĵʬǣȻѲϣǿ
ҶѰһ𾫣ˣ޵ĸΧûлϢڴʱʬͷ­·֮ڣһƴСĻ֮⡣
𾫣
˾޴һ飡
һǰݳޣȻô𾫣ݡһˣǰǹ⣬ô𾫣Ƕ˵͸޵Ļϵơ
ͯӡһ⣬ӷס𾫣һһ£˳ȡ»𾫣ȻҲŪʬǻζ˼¡
ɲǣѰƴСĻ𾫣ͳҶȵǰץסʱʮ֣Ҷȴ̵ĺܿġ
ϧ̫С˵ĵޣͿԻûΣȥ磬ѰһȻ˽ֿԵõһ
߰ɣ˻𾫣Ķ
ҶȲʲôߣԸõ𾫣㹻ˡ
ͯϿʼ߶ӡ𽥵ʬԽԽԶǸʬǵĻʯҲһɶѰı
ʵҶ֮Уƿ֮ǰնɱͷ޶ӣȻҵһ𾫣СģֻаƴС
ںһѾܴˣͨСĻ𾫣ѾѰҶȴһӵõôࡣ
һͷҶ޷ѹס
ǧͼΪϣˣ


1754 Ӽ
ͷ֮оʲôӶ˺ѣĳ
֣ǧͼڿԳΪˣ
ˣȻǧͼǻ𾫣һЩ۽ǧͼ֮Уγɻ֮𣬼пܴǧͼԶγ籾ԴҶȼ֮࣬ͯһֱ侲ӡƷ뿪۽磬ʶҶһ¡
鼫ãҶ߶񸮣ղ۽ڲӡڵпռ䡣
ˣ
ʮ֮󣬷Сһͷͷߣŷײð۽磬һҶȾͳһʯ·
̧ͷȥ󲿷ɱһЩҲ㣬ѱСƬ֪һռ
ܽΣҶ֪Ӧǹˡ
뿪۽ռ䣬Ҷȴһѷ죬һɽ֮УȻһɳɽ֮УʱһɻĸоȻһ֮أʼƽ
֮
Ҧ״ż֣뿪ɽ֮ʱʮˣ֪һˣڻɽ֮£ȻҶȸӦһҶ֮ǰͨ壬뿪
ֵ˰죬˻ҲڸӦɳգƬ̣˻ӾʹַҲ֡
֮󣬰˻ӿûжӰ죬֣һơ
˻ҶȥҶҲûзԣͨҦסһȥιһһ㡣
˷֮УҶȼ˻Ϣƽʵӣɵõ𣿡
ռʮɻ磬ں֮󣬵ǵõһ𣬲ҿԷֳݣһУһдô
˻Ӧһ䣬ԵúƣҶҲûԣȥ

ոշɳɭ֣һˣȻ󷽣һЦ
ٶȷŻ˻һƺ֪ԷݣȥȻһʮµĽӣʮ֣ԼһԼʿ
˻ӵȭСܼ߸磡
߻ӣ
˻ӣ
˫иʿҲŰ˻ʩ໥
Ǵ߻ӣλ˻һƺҪ߳٣һȺ֣˻ӵλӷǰ֣໥ţֵܸ鲢Ǻܺá
λӶԻ̫Ʈ죬˸޷ȴ޷ӹҶߵĶ䡣
߻شǰſ˵ܣζȡĸһ˶࣬Żõһ𾫣̫ϵӣһ𾫣ȥʥأֻ֪ˣҸһҲռôˣ
˻ԵúȻ߸ﻰν̵ǣֵ֮䣬ҪȨ¯ĸ۲ŴԣδĶ
ֻа˵һӣʵҲ֪ĸ¸ְףȻɱ֣óĸ署飬ĸɲ飡
ֻһçҲ죡
˵ѽֵܣ֮Уֻֵ֮飡
Ȼ߻ЦЦ˿ĪҶȴ˵
˻һã˼ֵ֮飬ԸᵳӪ˽׳󲻾֮£Եо
֮߻ͬͲλĻ׳ϵʵ䣬¶Ұġ
˻ֻǲӬӪֵܲɱˣо˻ӺгǸģʧΪһۡ
ԣԹ壬߻˻վһ𣬲ñȽϣˣܲ࣬Ҷȴú͸̫ȫֵܣѶǣ˵˻˭֪ǲǷŹ
ţ߻ִ˵ܣǰãĸἰ䡢ʥʥ֣֮ʥһδͷۣ֮ǧ꣬ҪˣһοĸͳΪ֮һسΪ̫ϵӣֵõƱػǧڣʵﵽǷ켫ĸ߶ȣΪʥش⣬Щֵܣֻܰװ׿ţʱ꣬ǲҲʥأȥͷۣ֮
˻ӽŵǺĵӣлᣬ񣬳Ϊ̫ϵӣûôףÿһγͷ֮ۿǵĸĹ棬ȥģֻҪܱ֤ϵ׳ȥǧꡭ߸磬Ӧлᣬ̤ɣϾ㶼ǰ˽λҪﵽŽλ߲۷壡
ŽλԲǰףĸҲǻ˽꣬ͻ񡭡߻˵꣬һ̾˵ʲôˡ
ǰѾǴķǳء
ͷۣ֮
ҶȵûбһӴǳڻζ߻֮ǰᵽһϢ
ǧ꣬ͷ֮۾Ҫμӣ
Ҷȴ󲻽⣬Ϊδ˵ʲôͷۣ֮иӾ˵Ϣʮʥʥ֮֡
ˣжǿ
ƺμӳͷ֮۵ʸֻʤߣлμӣ
Ҹᣬ̽̽ڷ磬Ҳ֪ȴ¼
˼֮䣬ҶȷһԼʿڰչ˻ӣȻǰǴĻʳǱһԲλǺӣΧľ޴ʹ
˻ûзʹڻʹ֮⣬ҲһǳأС
ֱӴӰգһΡ룬Ȼʹĸ֮ۡС
ȥм磡
أ˻Ӿʮص
ɢȥ˻򼸸ŮҶȥһԺ¥Ϣ
һɫ˻Ժ¥
СܣϢΪѡһׯ԰һ˴ӵ£֮У˻һʢ顣
Ҷȴæӣ¿ܻҪȥһʱ䣬һҵҩūʱʱ̿ڻӸϣҵΪҲķУ
ȻС˵Ŀ̿ģȻˣҩūΪһֱδ˻֪Ҷ˼ǲסδǿҪҶȷҪǲ⡣
ಣ
Ҷȼ̴߶ͨһ⣬ūһа߳
ۡ
аϢʱŵһŮʧɫ
˻ӺĴһҩūùϢ˵ǼܾҲùֵֹģˣҩūˣ
ҶȽܵǸū˾綾˶ɽͱҲҩʱպǾʹȥܾܲһʵΪõͬ⣬øֵĹƫô񵤣һǼˣȴһˣһа
飬˭Ҳ֪Լˡ˻棺Ҳãڣһ˸¶ڣҲԶ
ӣϯ׼ã
һˣر
˻̴Ҷȣ󲽼٣ƹԺ䣬һȻһٶλ֣࣬ϲ񵽸߲񾳽磬ϢƮߡ
˻¹򣬰˻ϷҶǰλãһӳٸ֣ȻһɣϾǰ˻ӵ˼Ҳû˷ԡ
ϯ֮ǴԴȣ˻ֵڼ򵥸ˣҶȣδἰʦȵϸܣȻУʮ߲ȼ񵤣Լһһö䡣
ڽжȡĸ֡
˲δĽ֮ɫͬΪͣлᣬ˻ӣҪõλƸȻȥ
ϯڶŽһһȥͣסΧûһλͣԽڸ


1755 ͷ֮۴˵
Ҷȴ˿ƯԺ֮е¥֮ϣ·ʮλòŮ澵Ⱥǲ
ʩչ󷨣֮Уһϲɱʬ̤λ۷塣
ͬʱҲͯϣľ顣
ͯϵľ̫ͨףҪʦЭſĵͼûʦƣҲһ֪ʶƳ档
вǿģɲ֣ƳȻǵͼ
Ҷ˰֣ǾͯϣȼʵҪҶڻ¡
ȻҪһ㣬ҶȻ뾡ԼŬ
߶Ԫµʮ֮УѰй
Ȼ¼ҲȻ
ѰһʱڣҶ¶Цݣʮ֮УϵģȻ󲻶ϣֻѼʱ
գһӡ֮飬Ҷǰ
֮
صĸģ·Ҷӡӡ֮ϣ̺̫Ϣ
Ȼ֮ɡ
طģӡ֮飬Ϊĺ󣬻ӿҶȵԪ֮С
һһ֣ȫƵľÿһһֲһǹ̬ͬʽͬռ䡢ʱ䡢ȵȵ֮
ҶֻǼһЩƷͳˣЩҲҪﵽ񣬲ſƣԵֻеľ裬һЩĻ֪ʶںϲ
֮ڵҶȣûжôֻǿҶǰС
ãͯڷ֮Уҵٵ鼮һЩҶҲĩõؼʱͷԪȥУһѰңȻҲҵʮؼ
ȽһҶȵǷʦʦԴﵽǷ켫ĸ߶ȣţҪ츳û츳ŬԳΪгߡ
ڶޣѣһ񣬾ִͨվ۷Ĵڣ޵ľ룬ͻȻøңԶңңڣ޷޺ǰ޷
Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬ʱ䣬ѴǧͼΪҶȰѴ󲿷ؼͨߣ֮лȡ֪ʶһһ֮衣
գۣ͹ȥˡ
ҦסһͨߣҦ׼뿪ع¶۹ҲҪϻʥء
뵽ʱͲˣҶȵ뿪Ժ䣬
˻Ӳһգ˻Ӳŷӻʹ
ôżҪߣ˻Ҷ˵Ҫ뿪ҪҶסһʱ䣬δҶڴúһ
ҶҵһܺõĽڣõ𾫣þںϣǻӣҪǲҲҪϻʥأ
ټЩӡ֮鲻ôܶҲκϣ˻Եòƽʱǰݡ
Ҷ뵽һ⣬ȻһᣬʵǰãżȻʿһ¥Ϣʱᵽʲôͷۣ֮˵ǴҲйأһ¼ڲ֮ҪĪǻΪ·
Ŷû뵽ͷۣ֮ԽԽ֪ˡ˻һһҶȲ֪ģҶ֪˳ͷۣ֮͵ͷȷΪ˴£
ͷ֮۵ʲô¼˵ƺʮĴʥضй
ͷۣ֮һżλ֮䣬ţһΰġԪʼ񡯣֮ʣԼĵΪһӡǣʱ֮⣬ڵƬ֮Уʮ񣬲ϵƬͷ֮Ҳ𽥳˶ı⣬ҲڱȷƬΨһԪʼż
ԪʼżҶһԪʼ񰡣ڹϵʱ֮£Ĵڡ
ȻƬӵһż
Ҷ˾㵣˻Ԥϵˣŵͷ֮۸տʼʱǰȻϢ⣬Ƭ֮⣬һЩʿңԶʿҲһϾԪʼż֮УȻԪʼûַκһԷӳصʮЩ񣬶ԶԶԪʼİٷ֮һʮ󾳽磬ǰ󾳽磬ֻǵͼ磬󾳽磬ΪѣÿһͻƣҪѣһңõԪʼĴУһܳΪ֮Ϊˣͷۣ֮ǿߣԽԽ࣬ʮŽ׷ֵ취򣬲κʿȡԴʩչӡӡͷۣ֮ڣһѾ޷ͷֻۣ֮ڲ󣬲ſԽȥ
ŵ꣬δֵӡʱʿʿй෬ɱǺܴģģԱܴʮ֣֮庣⣬³ͷ֮ڵԴͱ˶ȡһաӡ֮䲼棬ͷ֮ÿ꿪һΣÿһÿνȥóһˣ룬ټʮֻһ˿ԽȥộʮΪƽ⣬䲼ּÿοǰʥص䣬ල£ƽ֣ǰʮʤߣԴԼͷۣ֮һΣʥ䣬е䡢ʥ
ӣⲻʹʥؿһȥμӳͷۣ֮һʥи֣Ҷй׼Ӱ˻Ǵ𺳡
Ǻεȵ
˻ҡҡͷǺǣܶ˶뷨ܣʮʥشһٵӽȥͷ֮ģ
ǻʮҶȺȻ֪ûʥء
ţɴʮʹߣʥףʵľ䣬ǡ˻Ӻ˵ƺȥ룬ҶȻԳͷ֮۴⡣
Ȼʥأ̫ʥءʥأûʥأ
ʮҶĻŭţʥأгڵ̫ʥأԼڵĺʥҲڣƫƫû纺ڵʥء
Ҷֹһ̾ʥպգôûУ
ʥأ
˻룺ǾͲ֪ˣҲʥصʥʵ֮°ɣټǣŴζǣŬڣֻĸһˣϣΪʮ֮һ˼ɾĸ磬ֵܣԼ̫ӣƺְš֮ʱܶ࣬ҲҪϻʥأ
ӣƵĵҩԴɴҵλǰһΪѪ񵤡ԼѪҺڶʱ䣬ָƣҶóһö䣬ݸ˻ӡ
Ѫ񵤣
˻Ȳ߶䣬ͷԪ񣬷һٶųɫҩ̺ϢһţڵѪ·Ҫܵٻʼڡ
޵ññ
ϧΪֻﵽλвֻһλв񵤣ʱ䣬»ŬʵȡսϲʵҲøӣҶվ뿪
˻һö䣬һȻǰʯƷƷʯ࣬Ʒʯ١
һʾ޴ĲƸ
ģҩūһտʵ˻ſͱҶȡ
ҩū߲̣ҲһЩͨҩӣأҶٴȻתա
ţǱҲĲֻзݣŻһһ⸨ʣ
˻һֱĿԶ񷡣


1756 ǧͼ
ҶȹϷȥ̫ͷƲ̤ʥأҲҪʱ׳󣬻ǿˣټ档
Ҧڴ̻Ϣգǰ¶۹ȻͨУҶȱͿЩȥһԶ֮󣬱ҵһԭʼɭͣ
󷨣Ӧ˷δκʿϢǧͼʮֺʡ
ɢ֮ңγһȻռ䡣
ںϴ򣬾߲Ҳ׸ܵռڣԴԴϣؾ
һ¯ȼգ
׼ڽУͯϺȻΪһҶԱߣˣƣףֻҪʱѻںϡѴǧͼע羫󷨣Ϊ񼶸߶ȣͿˣ
ȰѴǧͼΪ񼶣עʣٰͼ󷨡ӡΪ񼶸߶ȣںϻ𾫣
ҶѸ֮ܵУͯϿʼ
Ҫ裬ʮּӲںϲף˱ͬʱѻڻͯ˵
ⲻ⣬ͨǣ
һ£һֳͨȻҶȰ𾫽ͨ¯Ϸգ̴߶һɻ˲ƶ
ǡˣ찡ôӵд˵֮У޵ͯϼˣ𺳵òϲ
Ҷ΢΢һã
ͯȻţޣ֮УߵĴڣȼޣ֮䣬Զʱߣ๲ǬϧԶŴս֮Ľͨʧ٣Щ壬Ҳʧˣˣ㾹ˣõ޵𣬶񵤣ǿĴڣһҪʥģ
㼰ʱѣԭһ㣬÷Ƹֲ񵤡
ޣ壬Ҷû뵽廹в޵ıεȵǿ
ͨ߶ȼջ𾫣ǹϵĻϵޣΪϵĴڣǵȼջ֮Ҷȼ˼ı仯̵Ļ𾫣Ȼ΢΢Ļζһֹ
һ޵ĸӦͻȻҶڵ̫һʼڣе㵣Դͯϣ壬ǻĴڣ
ͯϵҾͲ֪ΪϵĴڣпܾ壬壬ԴӹŵǶǲ
ǻ壬𾫣ӵһͬԴϢ籾ԴǻݱɣԸӦӵͬϢ˵߶ӵлϢ
̫һϷڣŻںϣڤڤ֮УһϵҶȷ·ץסʲôȴ޷ҵ̫һʮϸ΢ֿ̫һںϣҵ̫һȻ˻Ϣʮ٣ҵĻʡ
ҶףΪͨ߶𣬿𾫲ӦԭԴ֮䣬ѾڹͬΪصĻϢ
˵ҶҲԱȴ󲿷ˣں籾Դ
ǧĽ磬֪жٻ塭ҪԵĶ֣Щӵлǿߣ
𽥰ͨһҶȾͲõģڣʱҳһЩ̵ʡ
ͯҲʼӷ֮УѰΪʣҶҲռʱ֮ҵʮʣ󲿷ֶʣʯһ֡
߶𣬼ǿƿʮʡ
ͻͻͻ
ƿ͸Ҷλ۷ľһδιʣҲڲȼգڻʣһ̵ʣïʢؾ顣
֮ʲ𽥳ܲסȼգʼڻΪɫҺ壬ͬʱͯϼʱӷ񸮣ڻɽ֮£ӡĴ۽
˿̣һ׳Ư۽ŷȼգϷڣСʣΪ˳
ͯһֱԱ߼ලԤ⣬ȴδ֣۽ӣСһ룬ˣǧͼ˻𾫣㻹ҪѰҸ籾ԴںУΪһҪĿռʣ
֮ǰҲ㣬磬ѰҺпռʣʣֻȰͼΪһѰң
ǧͼƶɣϣɽ磬ַḻɽ籾ԴʴɣǧͼҲҪմռʡ
ֱ籾Դһ
ˣˣپȥ۽֮ǰڻʣԽԽС֧ͼԣ
˵ļǣĿǰΪԺռԴ
õͯϷָ㣬Ҷȸоǧͼ֮׶ˣϾⲻֻǰѷ磬ͬʿࡣ
ڣҶȾôǧͼؼյʱ̡
ͯѵˣһ㣬ȻǧͼıѪ֮УôʱҲҪܵһɱ䣬ʹ࣡
ʹ಻ʲô
˫һ֣ƤͷΪǳâ˫𽥷ֻֿһǳ֮⣬·ʹҶƤѪ֮Ҷ˫֮䣬Ϊһϵǹͼᣡ
ǧͼ֣ͯΪ飬ʱһͬζҶҲںˣȻӦǧͼû뵽ɽ֮еʿҲƳ˾˵Ŀռ䷨ҴϣܵŨҵĿռϢؾɽıԴҲǻ֮еһֻǱ磬Եͼ࣬硢ɽ硢磬ǻ֮еʱգɽķҲͬһӵͬĵطһ׶ˣūܸо˵壬̺ŨҵϢ
ǺǣΪߣҶŸ߷񸮣Լܣ磬ٴ߶ߣǴ߶ʣһ˸벻Ǵ˵еߡ
ͯ϶ǲš
ʣ
Ǵ˵еߣ
ūγ飬Ԫû뵽ﵽڣһˡͯϼݺᣬϧࡣ
ҶȸŴǧͼͼںϱʱСǧʶԶʧӡҶȵԪϡ
屦磬ҶҲҪʵ֣СǧĳŵӦǶԼǷݿ϶
ںϣ
һץƯ۽ӣʱҶȴ߶ǧͼӿǧͼ֮УȻһƬǿտʼͷţǧͼʼӳΪһɳǿջɽ꣬ɽϢ
ͬʱҶҲоһȣʼʹ
˫ֿʼǧͼķӡ˵ǧͼзӡǵͼġ
ֻǼӡ꣬Ȼ󣬷ʼȼմǧͼӿһɹ۽Ϸʹôǧͼ𽥴ǳâΪһƬ·һŻɫĻ
Ϊʼʣһ飬ǧͼʼ飬֮۽ڻҺ塣
Ҷ侳Ҳһͬ飬оһһֱֻþ˺飬ʹоͻʱࡣ
ô꣬ʹ࣬Ѿ˵ľ
ͯϼǧͼԽĻ죬ҲΪҺ壬̲סкãˣˣǧͼֻҪʣɷգͻںɽϢʣͬ˽Ϊʱͳͳ


1757 ռǧͼ
ҶѾܵǧͼĴɽʣڷȼ£׷׻Ϊ촷ۣʲų⣬ԽԽ
ֿͨ壬ò¯ȼջ𾫣̵Ļ𾫣һѾںһ룬Ϊ͸ҫ۵Ļ챾ԴҺ壬أںϵϢ
Ǽȥ
Ҷȱ仯ַ֮£΢ҶȿʼͷԪעǧͼڲں󷨡
ڶ迪ʼıǧͼе󷨡磬ͳͳﵽ߶ȡ
ǧͼڲ󷨣ʮְ磬ҸӣǰҶȣȻΪκǰǴġ
һ飬Ҷȿʼ񼶷ӡƺӡӿǧͼ֮С
𽥣ǧͼڲɽ󷨣ӡҶַ仯ӡ໥ںϣγ󣬲ңҶҲں˴֮УһǧͼڲҲӵ˴
ֹȥ죬ҶȲ֪ĶٵľԪһ룬ȫΪӡǧͼڲ
ͯ¶Цݣˣھ͵Ȼڻǧͼںϣ
ҲҪָ
ǧͼѾںʣϷȼգ֮ôǧͼʣʼںϣͼȻﵽˮ׼
ҶڲżˣֻһҲżֻҪǧͼƳɹҪӴϵʥأֻҪʱڣѾʥصıԴϢʱǧͼΪ꣬մϢ
͹֮꣬䣬ǧͼֱӴֻٶȣ޷ﵽɽǰ㾪ˣϾȼҶȵʵ̫ͼˣɽٶȣʥصһͿԡ
ʮٶȣȻԽ񣬽ʥĸ߶ȡ
ζţҶȴӴˣӵнʥٶȣҲĴ
ֻʣߵ޵ʬ壬һߴﵽһ߲Ǹ߲񣬶ʬ壬ҶȴʱãҪ̤Ľλ˷ȴԴɸ񵤣Լϵ֮Ȼ㹻
ϻָʱѾȥ˰£
ͨ幵ͨм죬Ҧ׵ͨ壬Ҫ¶۹һ£пܻعʥء
Ȼͣͨ壬ͯҲӣֻͨǰĻ𾫣ȫΪһűԴɫҺ塣
ˣʱˣں֮󣬴ǧͼӭ֮ٵϴ񣡡ͯͨ壬ŻҺ壬Ҷǰ
֮٣Ҷİĺܡ
ͯϽ͵Ƶʱӭһϴ˷ģֻǴõϿɰˣ
ȻΣգǾͺðˡ
ʱҶȰѴǧͼٿҺ壬һʼǧͼӴˣ̤
ںϰɣ
ɽ죬ҪʵһĿ꣬һԸͬҲ˵Ը
ҺǧͼҶ˫һϣ˵һ£ںһ
ɲǼ䣬ǧͼ̰ջҺ壬ҺҲܵǧͼ̺رռϢͬΪԴ̺ؼ߶ʱͬںϡ
̣
ջҺĴǧͼһɫҺ״ָֻ̬ǳɫҺҲΪʵ壬͸͸Ϣⲻı仯ҲΪڲãټϻ𾫵ıԴá
ǧͼɲǻָԭòʱ״̬ûжٱ仯ǿϢҶȸоȻգһͬζ
䡭
ϿգȻһƣ٣С򱶣֮һ׹⣬дǧͼ
ɲǣҶҲоУʹǧͼ׹ǹ⣬ӵҫۡ
ʱ֮׹ʧҲܿȥ
ҶȼظŴǧͼȻ߶ǧͼֻΪǳâ뼡ͷ֮УҶȵ壬ɲҲΪǹ͸ں֮ҶȵƤ𽥲Żָ
ҶȵͫǳĹ˫ͫϢŶϤǹâ
о԰ߴոУӵǿң
΢΢ָ߬һȭͷоڴȻһ֣ǧͼ¼꣬մصľԴϢ
Ҷȿʼо¼ꡣ
ͯϵˣʵȻأҲԼԼϢľӵ֣ҲǿռҲһʱһڵĿռ䲻һֻǽܹȻϴ񣬾ͻγϢֻиϢǧͼӦþͿˣ
ҸӦһ£
̣ҶͷŴǧͼߣԼԼĸӦ
Ƭɭ֣ʶ˲һϢеǾֹеģҲЩԾϵظӦ㷢֣һؾԴϢƬɭֵĺ
Ƭ֮£һ㾫㣬ڵ档
ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ֮УһǳâΪ͸أʡʯںϣȻվһ˿Ϣ
һ˿ʵһŴСǧͼ֮УڴǧͼڲԵĸ߿գӡ̣һǹ⡣
ɣ
ȷף
Ҷ˿һμ¼꣬ѣԸ߿գһһ߿գɽϢͷŵǵ㡣
һռ䣬Ǳӡɽ¼꣬Ȼô߶صɽ磬Ȼʩչ
һҶϰ룬в¯ͯҲص֮Уϸ߿գ̸ӦūϢ
ǧͼ
߶ǧͼ
ಣ
Ҷ̾ӯĸоûĵˣ·Ҫա
ϧǧͼʵδﵽ˺յĸ߶ȣҲշУֻٶȴﵽ˿ʥٶȡ
ֻһ
Ҷȷ֣Լ˻ӵϿգôǧͼڰգû˿ϢӰ
Ȼִ߶ǧͼֻǧͼڲ֮ǰǼ¼ǹ⣬΢΢һ
ಣ
գۼ䣬Ҷֻص֮ǰɭְա
һһأϢٶδﵽԽյĸ߶ȣʥ񣬴ǧͼϢΪȻԴϢʥٶȾͲһкռĦ𶯡
Ҷץ˻ӽķһ仰ӣ¿ʱٻ»ᾡڼ֮ڣϵ
һҶȾͿʼת񷣬˰Цݣʥأ
δ󣬾Ͳ꣬ΪҶȿȷʥڣؼǣڣʥϢʥأҲͬҶȵϢ
ಣ
Ҷɽ磬ݺأȥĸо
߶ǧͼƾʧȫΪȻɫȻʼطУûκεĿռĦԼоǿռԼ˶ﶯ֮䡣
Χɫһӵ޲˼飬䣬Զ˴һκİԭʼ硣
ٺ٣ӽԺֻҪʥκ񡢸߲񣬶κβң磬ݺĵ̣ǧͼڲһλ²ҵòϽﵽΪȵĸ߶ȣҪҵ籾ԴںУǺпռı
ζԣģԺʥأɵʥֵ̫£ʱ뿪ʱ䣬纡ơԽԽпܡ
˴ǧͼڿʵԸ纺ˣģڴ˼棬ڴ𽥻ΪСǿĶԽɲ⡣


1758 ںռ
һδκǴԽˮǧɽ
ʮ֮
ϤϢԾȻǰ֮䣬ڶ
ǳ֮⻯ΪӰȻϯǰȻʥأ¶۹롣
ҶȴЦݣ̫˷֮УӴʥؽ磬ֻʮ
ﵽʥĸ߶ȣ
ǴǧͼȼٴһЩٶȽٴ̡
̸Ӧͨ壬Ҳﵽ¶۹죬Ҷϴ߶ǧͼɲǼ䣬˵¶۹Ͽգıòָٴʩչ֮һ̻ᣬϢͨ壬ڶ¥֮ںϡ
ƿռ䣬ֻҶͨںϣ֪ҦΣȷռ𣬶ҷӡ̤ϲڡ
Ȼ̻ᣬҶȾҪ취ùڿռı
Ϣ죬Ҧ״һöˣԭһԪ񵤣֮һʯ
ǰ֪̻ᣬûռйصıκʶԣҶȴû´䣬ûҦʵ
Ҧһռ𾫣ĴڣֱȻ𾫣׵õЩԴڴڶôǿռȴ˿ã
ҪЩ߶ʲôһԵΪ棬ǲ⡣
;ҶȵȻˣȴﵽ߲һſռͨʦҲ֪ҵкܴƣʵǴͨݻȻʱ䣬ǰ׼׼ΪﵽˣǸҲóҲ뵽ʱʱţ
ССͣû뵽й滮ããһˣΪѰѰûʣ
Ҧ׻ǰѴ佻Ҷȣ뿪˷䡣
ûҶȣѯԪ񵤵ľ飬Ҳ͸̻ͼҶϣȡ
޷ܿĻ⣬Ԫ񵤣ҶҲһʱƳֳһΪֹģ˽һ졣
Сѣ
ҦֳˣŴ󲽣ջ
ǰǷ౦ҶվҦǰȭӭӡ
ֻһŹֵʯ㿴Ҧ̯ƣһѩ׹âȻһ鳤ΣָֻѩʯƯ֮С
ʯҶȾ͸оһĿռϢʯȷһ̺ռıϧֻôһ㡣
ЦݣҶʼ۸񣬵ʯҶЩʧ֮ʱҦ˵һ·תĻڷֿ嵥ʱǷһĿռ֪ûô
лǰģ
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоĵҦΪ£һҲЩھΡ
Ҧ׵߶һӡһͷųֻһҶϧֻ֮һҶⲿ֣аƴСĹ·齻ţҲһЩѺۡ
̻ܾˣһԪһֱûóûɶôϲûȥооҦ׺ܴ󷽣ƸҶȡ
֪ΪΣҶȾƺЩڲͬĵطȷȷʵһռ䷨
ͯϵԺ𣺡ˣڻ֮ǧͼ֮УԣԼĿռԴ
ȻкܴôȻˣҶҲûƴǣóʯҦҲû£ȥ֮󣬵Ƹ񵤣ǻر
õһʯһ֮ҶȾûҪЩȥҶ˳֪һҶȱͣ뿪˵¶۹
ȥûд߶ǧͼٶȣһʱ䣬ٶȣҶȱعʥء
ֱӷص뵤
ջصգȻӦʲôûмǷ
ֻǰʮλӣǵӣΪ׵ԾҶȳ֣Χ
ԭЩˣǴӻؾȣ̤صʽӡ
Ծ֪֪ϴó񵤣ȵλӣҪҶȵлѾΣһڵȵҶȡ
ȻǻؾȵӣҶȱǽ̳дһ˰죬Ծ˲뿪
Ҷֻصڹ¼棬˵ʱ޷ع飬Ҷûһ£Ҷȴһʱ䣬һûʲô鷢
ȻԼˣð£ʹͬҶȣʵ涼ԽϲӢӡ
Ȼ˰£ܰװ˼ҸҶȵóƵĵͽ²񵤣͸˻
û뵽ż£ҶȲԶ񵤣һ»ô࣬ȻĻϲˣ飺ʦܣȻѿɳɹ񵤣㱨ҲõõȨ
ҪȨʲôȻӣһߣ˵ɣҶûﲻҪţȻ뿪˵
صҶȲ󷨣ʼС
߶ͨ壬֮УŴǧͼд̻õʯ
ھĴڣҶȵûͯἰҲߣռ䡣
ҶȱԴͨʼ߶ȼղʯ
ʯǲ̣ںϻΪһƬҺ塣
ֻ΢΢ذѱ棬³ʣ𽥵أ¶ò
Щ·ͨӡ֮ģȻγɵƺۣ͵һԭĳһֶļ׿ǡ
еףƺ۲ͬ߼׿ҲЩ͹Ӳ̣ڲں˸ֲϣ׿ںϣγɵһ
Ƽ׿ǻʮּ̣֪ΪλģȻϣӦռϢּ׿ǱûʲôռϢںϵʣпռ
ȻˣֻܴӼ׿棬ռʣ֮Ѿˡ
֮ҶȾͨ忪ʼж
ͷŸǿҵķȼռ׿ǣȼһֻ꣬ڻڲһʣռʱ䣬򱶡
ҶȲõʱ⣬ʶع鵽
ִﵽλ״̬Ҳϳ״̬ȥϣڲ֮ĿԴĽλв
Ȼһ򡶵֮ϵҪϤ֪ʶΪڿʼʱʱ̿ҪߴǧͼƷʣھڣ÷գѰҸռйصʡ
֮
ʶͨںϣ䣬ֻ׿ǳΪһտǣһһɴСĿռҺ壬Ưڰա
Ҷ벻һռ֮У̺˴Ŀռʡ
ԶԶǧͼעʡ
£ǧͼҪƷˡ
ȰѼ׿봢䣬ѾûдôˣǱȻ߶ǧͼʼʯҺ塢һƬռҺںϡ
Һ壬ذǧͼХŴǧͼȼա
ںϣʮ꣡
ǧͼһ̣ΪǳɫӵеĿռϢȻǿʢ˲٣ƷӲȣҲ߼ﵽĽλλ²£Ҫﵽв߶ȣҪգԼںϸĲϡ
֮һӣƷô࣬ѾҶ֮ǰԤϡ
Ѵǧͼھ䣬ͷһƬʱʱ̿ȼգͨ忪ʼƸ񵤡
ҶȱҲλ۷塣
һ¹ͻص󣬼ʱ̳ҶȣҶȴٵϣһͬҶԪ񵤡
һΣҶȹɹоԪ񵤵Ĵ䷽ҪϸȶԣƺܶΣȷջܴҲҦ״ͱԼһδΰæĻر


1759 
㿴ܰԪ񵤵ĵ̥Ƴɹˡ
֮ڣ켤
ȥҶһͬԪ񵤡
˿ڵڣƯһţոҺɵ̥Ҷȼơ
ͬĵҩҲвͬƣҩһҲкܴ仯뵤ҩﵽں״̬Ƴ񵤣ҩʧ
ֳƣǰҶȵֵġ
ҶȲϳλ۷֮ʣʮλ£ʮ˲㵤
ƺ¼ڵȴš
λټΪʥҪλӣص߲㣬첿ֵӣǰȥԸһĹĹ֪ʲôطðģ£Ȼ֮䣬򼸴֣ĵĹ޼ɣʴʥ󣡡
뼸߲㣬ԦֳһӰˣֱ˵ԭ򣺡ӰԪ֮ǰ󲿷ֻʹ壬ʥУ̫ӣҲǾӢĵӣҵɳһֵӣڽͷһЩ񵤣Ա⣬Ǽλˣδصָ뾫Ӣλǰȥѡǿо֮ھӢ֮⼯ᣡ
£ͻȻȥҲæ
֣ѡ
˷׷׿Ȼʼ͵
ã
Ҷ¶۹Ҫ飬ͳͳ̻ᡣ
ʦܣô¸Ȥ
ոǰʹһһֱڵȴҶȣûн뵤ɭС֮С
Ҷѵһʱ䣬ϢȻﰵи֪ģҶȵȥʶȴʥغöˣҲȥ˳ɼһЩ֮һԪ֮ǰʢʯ˵ҵõһЩʯǵ뿪ϸ񣬶ûеΣգЩִУֻҪУһ㶼ûʲô£ûп̵ôֲΪ
ȻҪμҲģͨӸУҪǿԶ񵤵ĵӣ֪ʦܡһɫǺ档
û⣬깦ѿ½λκεȼ񵤣һЩƵ񵤣Ҳй˽⣬񣬲һеӻᷢ⣡
¾ƾһˣ˵ҪǰɹƳ񵤣ſɴ󷽷μ񣡡
룬Ҷͬ⣬ܿʮ˲ռ䡣
ʮ£ҶȹȻڲʱ䣬Ƴһλ²񵤣Ȼ񵤱ȽϵͼҶȴںܶʱƳɹ
˿ĶЩţ˶ʱ䣬Ƶͼ񵤣ʮ־˵ģģֻһ֡
Ȼ߲еĸ߲㣬ҶȲŽ뵤񵤣ȱ飬и߲㲻ͬ⡣
󣬻ҶһִͬҲʱʱ̿иգһ߲Ҳû˵ˡ
Ҷ֪ϢȻӸˣлһôܶ飬ӷ㡣
죬ҶȾŻɳص
Ӣλص󷽣ȻһƬƯľ޴ɽǧɽ壬ÿһɽ壬и
ھӢ֮ȴţǾӢӵҶȣûʸ̤뾫ӢΪӢӣҲ̤УҶȵȴš
ȴʱƺһƬӰӾӢɳ
ﴫξӢָ𵤻ʦ֣Ϊ롢𩶫Ϊ֮ϣ䲻ǾӢָ£λʵǸһЩһҲòΪӪ
롢𩶫
ݵ֮УѰƬ̣ȻϢ
ಣ
ʮӢӣɳ磬ͬʱصҲʮʽӣʮˡ
Ӣ֮У˸ⲻͬһλ꣬һװƷ󲻿ԣɡ
˾̫ӣ̫ӣ
һʵǿĸ߲ʥأǺĵӵĴڣǸˣҶ֮кܿҳ˵Ϣ
Ӣ̩ĵӣǾӢһ£Ϊλ߲񣬼ʥꡣ
ĸˣӢ̩
ټ£ӢĵӾۼһ𣬵˵̫ӷǰһ뿪ʥء
ʦ֡ʦ֣λǲżǵҶʦܣɳʥزãӽܡ
Ҷʩڲ𩶫Եøһȣҷ𩶫ЦҶʦʥĸ֪ҵ˭֪и½ӣȻһλʦܵΪ
ʦܲɽţԱߵĲ룬ƤЦⲻЦƳһۡ
˺ԣҶ͸Ųмų⡣
ҶҲװʲôСˣĶˣӷ絽ɽ磬ضǣ̶֥См
죡
Լʥص¶۹룬ڣǰһڳɽ֮еһаǳأһĻʹ
̫ΪˣһʱʹʮʥͬŽ
ҶҲ磬Ϊͨ󣬴ڵĵλ⡣
ʥһӣգһȫһգҫŷ߲ʣЩͨ󣬾ϰգʥصӣĽ־η
ֱ̫ӣʹһˣܵĴ
ʹѾۼʿԼĻʹ壬ۼȴš
ʿΪﵽ²λ£ڻʹ壬еΪﵽϲ
һ۹ͬڵԼƶȣȻҲӵԼҲϲ߲񣬵Ч棬Ȳ
Ĺ֮ϣӭʥصӣӢ̩ܵӭӡ
Ҫ֪һ֮λǺܸߵģǵĵλʵɡʥصһģֻʵ̫ͨڵҲȲϣ
ԹӢ̩ǰҲ¼ӣҲ
˵񣬵빬֮󣬲Ӣ̩ڵӾ£ʳŮ̡
һĻҶǴ۽ˣʥصӣƽʱʥأֵĹ߸ϣ޳֮УЩﻹνĵģܾܡ
ʦܣþ棬֪ΪԴʥصԭɣ
롢𩶫һ࣬ҶԵλãҶ΢΢ı飬ʹ͵ⲻǳԺ֣ҲǸ̫ʦӣӣ֮£˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣģڸ߸ߵʥأվпʥأôͿԿǰĹϵЩ֮УҲĳ£ʳǣҲ£ʥصӣȻиʥأҲԵõǵıӻ˫ģΪ˹£ǹ棬Ҳһ˽£˽˽й˰ˣԺٴνͿƾڽµĹϵôô
лʦ㣬û뵽뷲硢ɽ磬ףû𡭡Ҷ곤̾
úܰɣ˷ƣϢ֮ʱҲЩŮɽǲܾܾ˼ҵ飬ǾͲ̫ʦӣ˼ҿǺĵӣҲִ֪磡
˵§λòŮܣоʥصӣ֮еȨ


1760 ̫
ⳡ磬졣
ʥصڹ֮УϢ˼գʮ죬ûаĹйϵĽŷΧ
ҶһԷ֮Ϣ̫ΪʮŮүȴϺǧʯԼһЩ
̫˼ˣȻ񣬹ףҲˣҶǸҲһչмӡ
ҶȶС
ʵҪμҪһԭ򣬾ΪҪĽλ
ž粻ʵǿͨҪأҶͻɵĶҲԽԽڿʼҪʥͻơ
׼Ѵﵽλ۷壬ҪĽλв
ಡ
Ҷ֮ʣͻȻһƿطʹ
ΪǵĹҲź棬ͷϵ͸
ܿ죬ϤһĹһ̫ӡ
еˣƺǸղŹˡ
£̫ӣȷϣǻĹȷʵֻϧڰ·͸ˣкüֵܣϣʮֲһڴ
Ǳˣϴеȥȡ׼
ţֻʣӡ
̫𣺡ʣһĹʲôЩʦֵڣȺӣֻб³
򲻿ɴ⣬ʶĺܣǵĿġΪϣõ֮Ǳǵȥˣͻ˥ߣ
֮ѵǡ̫񣿡
ϸԪ֮ĩǵ棬һƬϣֵǣʱνʬɽѪɺӣ֮Уγɵ񾫣̫񣬷ֱһ˵õǵõһС֣̳ɿݱ֮ȣǵ̫꣬ĵطҴԺһֱΪҹϢ֮أ֮أٴγˣΪţʧģҲǵõ̫ʵ̫ҲǵؾһԴ
̫籾Դ
̫ӲϾ̾š
̫񣬹Դر󣬿ؾˣʷ汻ȡߣһһ

̫ҳ֮ҲҵӣʥأҲܶߣʶ縺̹غ
ģȫ
ڣٴһƻ
ܵҶȣж༤񾫣ȷǴؾҲһ֣籾Դ
̫񣬻Щ˽⣬Ҷ뵽һˣȻΪɻ󣺡ͯϣ̫֪
ʱ̫ǱȽϳ񾫣֪ͨɣūǼʵ񾫣ҲЩƵĵط˴صľ˶Ϊ֮飬˶ı棬ʦжӣΪһ
ͻȻиǳ⣬бԴںϣϴεõ˻𾫣ٵõˮϵ߿ɷںϣǧͼ֮У
⣬ū޷شΪδŹ
񾫿ɷǧͼ֮У
ӦÿԣʱҪ֮һҪѻ𾫡񾫵ɱԴ֮ںϣɲһ׵£
дˡ
γû뵽ֱ̫˱ԴȻҪõںϴǧͼ֮УɱԴ֮ͬڱԴںϣɶ˵̫򵥡
˼һһͨ壬ʩչ֮Ϊһͨӣ£뿪˹Է
ܿʹ󷽣һƬɭϿգǻʼҽأҲڰء
ɭ֣Ȼɽ඼ھĺۼеɽ壬ƽ˴룬Щ£һգóܾǰȷкܶˣǰھ
ô󣬱ƵҩϣһļֵһƷ
ؼǿģҪγɡ
һ滷ɽһɽȣɽֱмȻ
ɽΧһ簵иţÿףһϲأɽȣصϲ񶼲ɿʵǲġ
Ǳ磬Ҷ˵Ǽҳ㷹ܿͽɽȣ˼һô֮Уǰһ԰
԰ǽΧʯмǿĸ߲԰Χһǵһ
˵ؾأȣĹ԰
̫ҾͲҪˣǰĹ֮ǰõ̫ҵõȵȻи٣ҵѡ
ΧҶȱ߶֮ͷһôıԴϢȻڴڣŴȻɣκθ߲񣬶ܸӦĴڡ
֮ͨӦ
þ͵֪ʥصӣӢ̩£Ȼ뿪ʹ̫ȷ
ʱҶȾ͸ӦϢɭΧȻֿСӣȰΧڻ벼롢𩶫ͨ壬Χȴòμж
ֵ˰죡
ͻȻ䣬ҶȵĺʼסӦһɱȻȡ
ɱȻǵĹͷųģֻҶ벻Ĺɱ˲գ۵
֮ҶʮзеѾȣңҲӦʥصӣڲγɰΧӢ̩ѸӦĹ
һɱжҪչˣ
ˣҶ˫üȻһʮˣķȣңĹˣϮ
ɱ
Ĺ˿ƾҪĹɱͻȻȣһ˷ݺϡﻩڵĹ֮ء
һʱ䣬ըƳ
ĹȻм߲ĸ֡
ҶȻûжһ£ϸŵĹһһʱӢ̩̫ӣһʥصӣ
ʥظ֡
û뵽ĹһӣͿңҶȾúܲ˼飬ĹȻûеһʱ䣬ʥŵʵڲͬѰֻͨĹ֪˰ڵʥأȻԵòŲæ
Ĺбǹǣסߵץסһ˵ĵĹʳĹϳڡ
ǰһɱʮʥصӣ˶Ըһ˵ĹѾûκֻЩĹֶεȷˣһɱˡ
߶ԪҶڣ棬ѰĿ꣬ȻҵһϲĹˣߣĹҲʼ׼롣

߶ǧͼҶȻΪޣ˵һϢǧ֮⣬պϲ˵Ĺ˹ʱҲûʥص׷Ҷȳû߶򣬶Ĺֻ˳ſռֵŤһ¾ʧˡ
˲ˣһңʵҲˣĹҲ˵ӣŲٴͷ
ʥصңֲڿеҶȡ
Ҷٴδ߶ǧͼ˲ǰںϽ磬Ϣ뿪Ļʼҽء
뿪嫵Ⱥɽ֮УҶֳӦ˷ûκ֮¶Цݡ


1761 
ʩչһ󷨣һѹ
ٿ
һ⣬ֻӡסϲĹſ־⣬ֳָһѹڵϣ޷һ¡
㡢㡢ʥصӣĹһҶȣҲѾҶͨ
ҶȲδشǷʵȺĹǺôĵӣ𣿲Ļʱ˽С
Ĺûѡֻܸͷ
һö̫񣿡
һСķݣ
ķݣʵǵϳζ㳲ɣԷϣҶҲ¶Цݡ
ϳھϣ˰һɭУֻ˶ʮˣϳﻹʮˣ
ķ̫ǲϳ
ڣǴƿţ̫񣬻дӹĹ౦ټֻҪңҾͿԴȥȡĹŵãȫгûκԭѡ
ʵίʵЩͬѰ
֮Ҷһ㣬һ⣬ü֮Уһץ򣬱ѵĹֻ֤ҪȥϳҵõбȻһ·
ĹʵԵ棿
ȻҴ˵棬߰ɣҶȵͷͷһƿŵĹ档
ͨӦ֪ڣΧĹһʱᣬⳡս
ҶŵĹؽ磬Ͻϡ
ʱƷɵһ룬ȻĹҪһ£ҶֻôأȥһԲݵء
Ĺݵ֮һֲ̿ɫʱΪһźޱ飬ɱڵƳһҶȣСӣһģ
漴һץ֮Уһƣᷨӡ߶ơ
ͣ
ͻȻһ޽Ҳֱ࣬Ӵպã˫ֱ֣ϣʱѪ䣬ֻҲء
Ĺ˺ѷεĽŵ˺󼸲ͼʲôûеǰҶֳ޽˳
ңһץסơ
ãҶץסƿֻһۣʱ·飬Ϊ棬ֻģ顢

ҶȾ֮󣬱⣬ֻɵĹܲ򵥣ǻ͸һɱǴǹͷųģһ˵ĹӵϢ
һֱۣĹˣʲôۣû뵽Ҫ߶ƣҪɱͨ籨š
ɱ֣ôеĹɱαװɣҶɲǷӡƣʧѪ࣬ɫ԰׵ɱ֡
ɱɿֻţþ㵣Ȼ֪
ô᲻֪ǳأзֲ
֪ͺãһ֪ǵģңҿԵûзκˣܻ̫ã
û뵽ɱַҪвҶȡ
ҶףϾ¶˲мЦݣǰҲֻһǰˣۣңע˶ãֻһʱˣشҵ⣬ĺֻǲشܾĥ
ҿԻش㣬ҲԴȥѰ̫ԼҪҲû취ʰɣ벻ɱֱӡ
ҶѿʵΪʲô̫񣿡
Ϊʲôܼ򵥰Ҳ⣬ҷֳɺܶ಻ͬĲֹ֣С飬֪ⷽأӵ̫񣬱ˣջ񻹲õ̫Ҳõı
Ҫõ̫񣬲ûԭ򡭡
Դӷĩ֮£Ϲϵ֮ҶȾ;򵥣òҪʲôϸǣʱһͷˣȻûʲôԭҪģɱԽУ߲ǵı
һ⣬Ҷȿʳ֪ɽ£
ɽǷֵĵؽ磬Ҳ֪ÿֵǶģֻϷʸ֪
Ƿֵ׷һзĩ󣿡
ô֪⣬ɱֶδ쳣ӦҶᵽĩʱԵúܲ˼飺ڲϢһˣô֪ܵ
˵꣬ʼ´ҶȣƺΪǰӣ뷨ĩʲôϵ
Ҷ΢΢죬¶һƳЦݣ㵹ûƭңСӪ˵ĵطжˣǿʲôΪ
ɱԽʵش𣺡鳤һжʮֵܣ鳤Ϊߣһ𡮻顯һ߽λ߲񣡡
ޣ
ҶͻȻҼ硣
ٿ
˯֮еޣض˶СβͣȻͻȻһһͰɱֻС
˵㻰ʹ࣡
ɱ֣ҶȿǼʶֶεģȻƣƳ˼ۣ߽׸߲񡭡ʵҲǶ֣ڴǧͼѽΪ߶ǧͼ߲ӦκϢɱǣҲ£
̾ˣҪõģɱ֣ҲҪԸġ
ϧڷ硢ɽ磬ӸղǸɱϣԷûɱ֣صӪ
ڵľ޷ϲв񵽵û⡣
ǰУȥӣһƬԭʼɭ֣ڹƽԭһЩӴޣݺƽԭ֮С
Ȼ
߶龻֣ҶѸӦϢɭصȻǿң޷ӹ龻ֵĸӦ
̴߶ǧͼȻΪһ壬ȻУҶţȻ߶ǧͼɭ֮Уͼɱ֣Ǳڷï֮Уһ󷨡
Խˣ룬Ƭ̣ͼ֮£һ󷨴ţѲߣڲʮϢЩ֮УһǸ߲񣬴ڵͽλֻһ߽λӦνġ顱鳤
Ըôֻ֣вȡȰЩСආȻ֣Ϊ䣬̫бӦϡ
Ƭ̼Ӧ԰취뿪֣ɭ֣ڶͨ壬ȻͨӦ֪ɱѱɱʣпⷽ
ʱ䲻ˣǻϣǾʹݾߣ˿϶뿪
ͨӦֻصɭ֮С
ֻǼ֮ͨͷųһƣ𵴰ա
ˡ
ɭʱ˹ͳ֮
˴߶󷨣Լֵܣ֪ǲʧܣȥ
֮ڣһ
߲߳ϲɱ֣ɱ߿ա
ôˡ
Ǳ󷨣ֻаҶȣ͸ңƳ֮ͨ壬һ߶ơ
ȻҲҲ쳣ϢǼ˸ϹȥԷӦò࣡
ǣˣ߲ɱ߳ϲɱ֣ҷֻʣѲߵɱ֡
ڣֻʣˣ
ˣ
߶ǧͼںȻҶֱֳӷ󷨣Ѳ߸֣ϲһǸ߲ȴûз쳣ΪΧƽҲûκοռ䲨
ҶȴѴ߷ɹǲ·˶Ϲӣȫһˣǰ󷨡
ˣ̫޷˳õǾͻطֵǰһŹ֮˵
˷˻ơԳڷֵѾȷ̫޷õͬʧܣʧܡ÷ֵ᲻ͷǣʮֵܣִֵܣһ֣Ȫ


1762 ǧͼ
Ȫ
ӵľˣӦа취Ӧ
취ʲô취һԳ
һа취²붪Ӳصֵܵͽ䣬Ϊûеλɱ֣ΪĿܣ

ͻȻ˿ȻOO@@˵ȻѲߵɱ֣Ļ壬ǶҶ˵ǰƵġ
취ûУְ취ܶá
ˣ˵񣬴Ӵ±ػȫȫ⣬ˣˣһ񣬱׼
ٺ٣취ܼ򵥣С飬齨ֻ꣬ҼϳԱĶ֮жǱС飬ЩˡʧܣǶҪܵ㲻öСҲήܵãֻЩˣֻٲ˻ȥȥԽԽãһǿڣֵ֪ѶѳǰԤƣǳͷҲ࣡
ⲻǡеΣƸǡǵ
ǧ˵ڣղˣһϣŴһǰԲһȻ취ֻȷʧ֮ʹãִǲֵܣûϢ
¶ˡ
˵ܿʧˣֻʣ¼ٺ
ˣȺɱ֣ӲˣһĹΣɥĲ񡭡
Ҷ󣬸оͷƤ飬һ䡣
Ϊ䣬ɱεĴڣû뵽ĺΪ˻λϧ˵
߶ǧͼͷűԴں󷨣˿û𲨶Ҷһ󷨣׾پͽС
ֻһ΢΢ֵˣϷ·࣬һʮ߰˵ɱ֣ƺڸӦΧ
Ǽķ̣ڸӦˣȴӦ˾ǰ
ʱҶ̫ƽ˴ˣִɱѾѵսо޴գҲ޷㲨
߶ˮɱǰƮǰԷ΢΢˫ۣϵһݵͼ
ȫ޷뵽Լǰиˣվţңڳ֡
ٿ
üǰһ߾İգʲôûе£ͻȻһ⣬Ϣֻ΢һ˳
ɱֲǸ߽λ߲ƺӦʲôͻȻˮһڷϣŵø߲ɫ԰ףҪ֮ʣͻȻ˫ͫɴӵƵġ
һˮ޼᲻ݵƷԴݿƣüģԡ
ˣ
һзһ
·ɱ֣ȻعѪɢ·Ԥд²վ˾Ͳˡ
ȥ
˻ƣ
ֻɳһǰգʲôûе£Ȼһƣźڰ׹⣬һ

̫ͻȻˣ׹ƣţһ߽λϲ񣬱׹Ѫӿµǣȫ޷ӦٶȣԽӾһڰ񽣣ͬ׹⣬һ󷽣ڷϡ
ͣ
̫ˣɱܵشû£Ҳ״̬һ̹ķ
Ȼ󡪡࣡

δֻǴ߶ƣ֪ͨˣһУˣ֪˺εȵĿռ䡣
ƾʧڣֻ
̫ˣëȻһϲ񡢸߲񣬾ȻףԼĽ磬նɱʧټ
ˣ
֮⣬˽Ų⺰һ
ûж
ಣ
Ѳߵɱ֣ͻȻ֮ɱֳ񽣣ſɱʱʱ̶֣̿ǣ˷󷨿һˣǵĴ˲ˣһɱҲˣ֮УŵѪȡ
ζ˶
䣡
֮⣬ͻȻһײɱִ󺧲ѣʲôȻ󷨣ͼѲɱ֮УΨһһ߲ɱ֣һ󷨣ڿɡ
һɱ֣æͷ߲ɱΧռ䡣
ʲôӰƺоĵˣҪɱ֣ʩչɱС
ɱڣʬ𼣣ûҾͲ뿪ֻҪץס˿βͣпܴ鷳
գɱϷҶ·ɱ֣˸һ
󣬱磡
ˣûа취⹥ʲôûеĿռ䣬Ϲǳɱʾ⣬һɱ·ͬʱӡһģһӡʱһԲν󷨣ͬˣԼ߲ɱ֣һͬ
磡
ɱ֣һߡ׺ؿķһˣ£鿴߲ɱֵ
ɱ֣Ѫԭؿڣ֪ʲôʱ򣬳һѪսսʹĻССġԷһʩչռͨĿǿߡ
ֲãûֻҪ󷨣ĹȻᱩ¶ɱ뿪վͬʱͷ
Ҳǻģв񡭡
һصͻȻȻһź磬Ͽֳ
֮
֮⣬һʮɵ֮Ҷһӣ󷨣
䣡
޼˻׵ͨµĹƴ֮ϣһԵò顣
λв񣬶ˣλ߽λϲ񡭡ʵʵԸһ˻ԣˡҶһЦЦļΪթǱ˿ʹߡ
ء
֮ڣ֮ܵĺϲ񣬱޷ֹĵغǵ󷨣Ȼ޷赲ɾпԵĹ
ݲ𺳣һͻȻһͰˡ
Ȼ޴֮СβͣͣȭͷСͣȻһͷҪϲ
ʲôޡ
˱ޣŵֳ񽣣ޡ

񽣻ӳֻһ񽣣ǿ޵´޸û㷴ӦֻһҪ߽ϲ񣬶Էڷ֮УҲЩѶȡ
ݣ
һ޽Ӻ󷽺һ
ֳҶȵӰ޽Ϣһն˵һɱֵԴŵѾûκ뷨ʲôˣȥ磬ÿռﵽûĵز
˸תϧʧȥһ˵޵ħ͵һ£˻룬һʬ塣
ˣգ۾ͳΪ޸еʳˣСɰƺҶƵġ
ҶȸСԴ治ޣҪԸ߽λϲ񣬻Ҫʩչͨ
֮ǰѾʩչ޼ս˻ƣ֮ʩչ
龻֣
Ҫ죬֮ҪնɱˣΪҪĨеϢĸ֣һ鵽һЩϢ
һӰ˲ϢڴְգֻһϢƽ󷨡ʬ塢һɱ֣ƾʧˡ
ˣҺЩɽɱ֣һʱϲҲ޷Ӧ﷢顭
壬̴߶ǧͼΪǳɫʧȻ֮УҶȸӦͨ塣
Ƭ̼䣬㴩Ƭɭ֣֮һɽϡ
ͨҲӰɳԪϢҶȱںϣں󷽣ɭΧʮɱ֣ѰҸڵĵˣӲ֪ǵѣѱϢˡ


1763 Ľλв
ͨȻ桭ҷں֮ͨҶָӦһͨϢ
˶ĿɱԽǧͼٲˣͨĹͣٲˣҶȶ֣հһҪģֵ
ǧͼ֮£һҶȾΧһƬɭ֮Уͨںϡ
̩ڵ֮ϢһΧɱ󲿷֡ĹҲΧɱֻʣһߣ̫֣Χ׳졣
ĵĹģҪӢ̩ڵӣϢ죬þ񣬲Żʥظ
Ҷ롢𩶫𵤻ӣ񣬶ûóκ˶УҶȻϢһ죬̫ӱ˻صʹҹٿʼ磬һܶȨ󳼶ˣʥصӣõ˴ô
ŻҪʱ䣬֮ڵӸԻصԷУеĵҲĴһ䣬ԵʮУҶҲӢ̩˸к뿪ʹıòԶ
֮һƬҰͻȻף񷷢ŭɽ֮Уһ󲻶죬Ҷȴ߶¯ҪץסᣬĽλ
ԪѴﵽλ۷塣
һõһ߲ϲɱʬ壬Ǹ߲̤λҲ
¯ȼţ֮УӳûҶ룬߶ؾԪʼڣʱʱ̶̿пܣĿԴ
еУ߶Ԫ֮Уһʬ壬Ҳ漴ֶ
һʬ壡
һȥʬһָһöɫ䡣
ȡ֮΢΢ͷԪӴ䣬֮˵һ𶯣ǿưԪɢ
λ߲ö䣬Ҳǿͨӡ򣡡
ԪȫǴӡ֣ʵĲࡣ
ҶͷֶͨΣˮնɱ߽׸߲ɱ֣Ȼ޷ʵƽԷµķӡڲż߶̫һ䣬ǿĸ߲ӡһĲʳ
֮ڣգʮȥ
ˣ
ŵһƣڱĸɸɾȻһҶȵʶϽС
̤봢ռ䣬ӭǴʯʮ֮࣬ƷƷƷʯȻ٣ʮԼҩһЩؼ߿գһӡռ䡣
ռȻʮϵʯؼͷžӨ飬һӾסҶȵĿ⡣
̫񾫵һ֣
籾Դ֮һ
Ȼ飬ٺ٣ǧͼ֮Ʒֻɣ
һҶȾЦ뿪䣬εõ̫񣬼ʯһʶв˵ĲƸԸ߲ҲǾ޴Ƹ̫񣬼ֵǡ
Ϊ֮ͿԿó
ռ䣬ͷŷȼմǧͼɹĽλвͨڻ̫
ǧͼ²ȼܴﵽҶΪͬĸ߶ȣͨ޷ɱ䡣
ڳɱʬ壬ڴѰһʱ۽磬õߵʬ壬һߣҲǴﵽ߲ȼ͵ӵ߲Լϲλλ⡣
侲ʶع鱾Ȼ鿴ԪѾﵽ۷壬߶ӡȫԪϵӿ룬γһƬԪС
ʱӪڵĴ
ˣ¡µ治֪鳤ȥˣʱǿǶȥѰҵˣ
ɱ֣عڵϣԱŲʮʬ塣
ǰվʮɱ֣ǸˣһɭɭЦС飬ִ񣬻ȡ̫鳤ҲˣҲ˵¼ȥ
ͣ
˻һأԱ߾ֳһˣֻһ󣬺նͷ­ֻʣһŵѾʧȥ֪ɱ֡
֪ʲô
һΣԳ֣һ裬һ⣬ֱӰɱԴķ顣
ˣĪЩ˶û˵ѣʧЩˣδЯߣǡһˣɵʵ
һȣ̽ӻˣĺȻת
򣬺ܿһˣһݵأʩ񣺡ʥԮٸ֣ʮĵӣ󲿷ֶնɱֻʣӳ
ʥأŨüϵĺֱ
µǸˣߵʥʲôˣǸҶǵ֣·ˣ޻أ
ʥһô׶ԸģֻǰЭֵⷽȡ̫Լʥؽģȡ¶ݣִаɱ񣬾ǵʹһϼ㱨ȻСˣһڶûУǾʹʧܣֹغʥأȳ룡
˵꣬˶Աߣ֮ʣͷųһ𣬸ʮɱʬ壬˲ŷɭ֡
ĿԴ
ɽҶȾ۾кͣˡ
ԪѾȫգ̾һγѭ״̬ϷȼգҶȿʼӡԪ󲻶Сʱʱžȼձը
ӡԪ֮УСﵽһɴСʱӡҶֹͣᷨӡΪ磬ԪȻת
һɴԪȻ䣬ΪߴСԴ
ĿԴɹᣡ
𵤿ռ䣬ûжԪĿԴеڳɹȻɼ񵤣ղ¯ڲȼյ
·˳̱ըӵﵽţ˫ۣһЩҲ֮顣
Ҷȵļʱֳǳɫ󣬾֮γɵѪҺ״̬͸Ƥɼ
Լ֮
ֹͣˣʼ飬Ҷȴ߶һЩ񵤣ղ¯е֮ЩԪָǿı仯
Ľλв񣬸оһɱ䣬оǺǿң̤λв߽ףʱ仯ӦҪͬЩ꣬Ŵλ̤ĽλҪ̤λҲʱ£
߶ϻָҶȿʼѾϣ׳һЩѪҲӾĿԴڲ໥ͬﵽĽλ߶ȡ
֮УɴߵӰһֱһЩĻûжٱ仯
޵ˡ
֮УҶȱӰһ޵ˡ
õ󲻾ãͲ֮ߣ޵˵ģӰڣһۣʮ£һͷڷȻţϢ˿ռ䡣
޵˼ȻɹϸԪ磬пʮȻ֮УĲŻһԪУѾﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣ֪ûлᣬ
ζƬ̣ܴ֮İ޵ˣҲʦ
鿴ڶӰ
Ӱ̫Ʈ죬ֻ΢΢ΰˣǺεģʲô䣬ϢȴһֻϢ
ˡѵʥصĴߣ
ֻ̺ϢɴߣݻߣҶ벻ʲôˣ̤磬δйǽӴرԴֻнʥأʮʥصľ
Ӱпʥصĵߡ


1764 ĺϢ
ҴߣֳеߣҽӴ񸮣ں֮󣬲δֳһˣʥһЩͨҲδκεӰ˵ֻ΢ϵ߲ŻֳһӰ
ӵ֮УֳӰҶȽ˴𰸡
ֻϢпܣʥصĿߡ
Ҷǵԭ򣬻һ㣬Ϊֻߡ
ӻ̫ʼõѪ⣬Ӷӵֻߣڣֻɱ֮УҲпܣֻϢӰҲֻŹϵ˵ǻ֮Уһֻߣпֻ񼣵ˡ
Ŀǰʥش߻пܵģϾʥضʮ꣬˵һЩͨпܵʥشߵӰ
ֻ֮ӰҶȷԼֻҲ΢΢ϵ
ϻָֹȥ죬ҶȾֹͣУ˳ĽλвֻԪδﵽ߶ȣҪһʱУĨȥϢ֮Ҷȱ
صȵӣݻûκζӢ̩ҲգҪعʥء
Ȼƾ˸ӦҶ棬ʹҲ̸̫Ĵ󳼣뿪
֮ڵӻعʥء
ʦܣ̫ʦ֣Ǵ󷽣ÿǧʯıҶʲô㷢һСƣ
ӾӢ˷֮󣬻Ҷȷصεõĺôһ⡣
ֵϧֻصӣǾӢӣ̫ʦȻõ౦Ӣ̩ǵ˴ˣԳΪ߼ӣһλȥ˹ţ
һ̾ϢҶȵûʲô˵Щ飬ڵ׵ģĸ
û棬˭Ϊ
ǧʯһЩв˵ȷһʲƸʥضʽӣʵ⵰Ҷȸʥأһ
صģ͸æµȥҶȵʱ£ʲôʵȨҲȥģþͻص
ŽĽλвҪܳʱһҪƸ񵤣ϾҪӦ̻˻ҲҪȫǧͼں̫Ҳ¡
Ľλв񡭡ڵٶȣ߶ǧͼȥʥءʥء̫ʥκһҲֻҪʮˣٶǿˣʵ̫ﵽ߽λǿȥǣһ桭
ǧͼɹҶȿ£Ҳһ±úܶ࣬ģǿԼʱʱ̶̿纺Լˡ
췣֮ۡǧ֮ʱˣ˵Դﵽ߲ȡΪʥشȥ췣ۣ֮úúȡ
Ȼ뵽˻ᵽ췣ۣ֮˼һѻ᣿ˣʥûгΪʮ纺ܲμӡ
纣뾡
֮У壬Ŀ齫ΨһŮӣȻɽʱҶȵģͲһˡ
룬;Ϊٴͻ֮ҪҸᣬȥһʥء
̴߶󷨣ϢʼУȻͨ壬ھռ䣬̫һǧͼ
֪ȥ
һ죬ʥ֮⣬ӿٵĵӣФĪȳϣϲٵĸ߲㡣
ƺʲôʥء
˰ʱһʮӰĵۣΪҰɫưӡڵ˸
һˣȥ͸϶࣬ǵ꣬Ҷȡ硢ơ纺ˣĴʥ֮һһϣط
ҴҶʮȥڲطϣδµĺۼȥӵĸоͷ
طϵܣӭӭ
ФĪŲٸ߲㣬ǰӭӲطԼʥصĵӡ
ط˫ֺʮͷˣͷˣ
˫ݽӴ֮󣬾ͷʥأܿʥ֮Уһ󷨿ռ䡣
ʥظ߲㣬ӭطФĪȳΪࡣ
طǰϲ¸֪أФ֣ɻǵãʮǰߵŮӣ
Ϊ纺Ф̾뵽
ɽŵӣ˶ط
ףο֮ɫһ԰뱾ض̶ʱ䣬Ϊֱ߲񣬳Ϊĵӣţʥº䶯һЩҲסˣһܣãΪµӣ
ʮ꣬ﵽ߲񣡣
ʱڿռڣͬը˹ʮˣûһ󣬲о𺳣ͷƤġ
ǰٶȣֻʥЩܺµĺٶȣ̶ʱﵽ߲񣡡
ôһλϳˣĪǿѹ𾪡
طȻ𾴣ڵλδΪ񡯣Ԫ֮ãдԪʥصϹŶ֮һ
Ȼ
˶һİʱФȴ˫ü̾ɣϢȻλϸԪʥϣһʱʱţܣΪʥµʥûйٵϢ˶֪ĶΪʵҲǵʱľ֮һڶͷˣǵϸԪڣʱҸ̤ʥأΪһʽӣʦ̸֣⣬̤ʥ񣬶ڳ߽λ˰ɣ

ڸ߲ꡣ
Фֲ֣Ǻϣţһлᣬ˹ĪʱȴФЦ
µŪФЦãطļ֣ҲûЦݡ
طչأϹŶͽǴ£ʥؾءʥԼ̫ʥأһͬһԭ򣬾ĴϵһֱָһɽţˣصġҶСѣӦҲչ˲֮ɣ
ĪУǰ̤λв񣬸ֶ֮ɵţҪѷɫ̫࣡
ȻֺòһˣȺúϢԺһۻᣡФ߲㣬йݽ֮󣬿ʼŲط뿪ռ䡣
֮
ʥǰգҶȵӰ
ȻյФٻ֪Ϊ˺£֮ϸˣ룬Ӧǰճз¡
ʥ֮󣬵Ƭ̣һӾʹҶȽڵһռ䣬Фڵ
ӼϣҶȵ
ФһɨҶȣ˵˵ʲôȻ¶ϲЦݣһŶͻĽλˣ
Ӳҹʥغ񰮣һֱǱޱչ֮Уͻв󣬸о²Ĳ࣬ڵһȽ˳ո̤ĽλҶվȻǾػش
úã
Фͷǰʱ£ϴη⣬кû뵽ǰһ̣ʥصĲطϣʥأӦúڴĺϢ
ĪǡطҶȵȻǵȻǺϢôһǹ纺ġ
Ф渵ͨطἰһͬϽ纺֮ǰ̤߲񣬳ΪһĵӣҵõʥһϹŶΪµӣɾͣʴʥأʥأǰȥ񣬶ʮ꣬²̤߲ʮֻʥϵľͷĺٶȡ


1765 ʥ
ʮꡭ̤߲񣡣
ͻϢʵҶ𾪺
纺Ǻʿ֮ǰɽ磬֪壬֪ˣ壬ޱȾ޴˵½жӡ񺣾ж޼ʣԹγɵжƣ壬ദһ΢ϵ
ƵзǵУѷѡ
ʿ磬Ǿţʿ츳ϣԽࡣ
Թžкʿ࣬ʿų⣬Ҳнȥеļ¼
纺ʥأΪ˷٣֤ĳЩ棬ȷԽ塣
֮УҶΪٶģȻǳħû뵽֮ˣ󱻺ӵ纺
ϣ¡
ҲﵽĽλвҲŶʮ꣬ҲԶ񵤣ĽҪܶԴдλŽλ׳񵤣ȥŬɣ
Фվһ⣬һö䣬׸Ҷȣתȥ
֪Ҷȿ첽ǰȭϣӡϣϣʥأһͬȥʥأ
ȥ
ߵδԵж⣬뵽Ҷд뷨𼸷ɫ㣬һЩ߲㣬ϺǰȥġطɰɣҪҵǿһЩŵӣ˳ȥιһʥأÿͬͬ⣬ȥϢɣ
ͳϣҶȼת뿪ƿռ䡣
жʱڴȻФڣʹȫȫûҪ˵һ
صþ޷ƽ֮ǰƻţ֮ȥһʥأ֪ͻȻͳˣͻأЩ޷š
Ф˼ʥء̫ʥƺҲֻи߲ףأͨӣô硭пʥأ
齥ƽ뵽棬֮˼Ȳʥء
˴ʮ죬Ȼ˻Ӧ߶֮󣬾յФԭҶϣʥȻͬ⣬һͬС
ԱϿʼ׼´˸кȲʥ֮⣬ȴФˡ
֮ФĪϣʮ߲㣬Լʮӣӽ֮зɳ
ǡ
и߲㣬Ҷȴ󲿷ֶʥֵʮӣд룬Ǹ߲ҲǺĵӣˣҶȾȻ͸ԷһΪ
ǵ壬Ϣ󺣣ž޲ȻļԦȻФĪеһƴ
ʣʥΪĵӣ̫ϵӣ
ͬǰĴڣÿһ𣬶ʥ˵Ϊﵽ񾳽硣
Ѿʥֻһ֮ң
ҶҲδڣѰҵݣ̫ϵӣ֮ϣм¼
һƳӣһһŮڶʮ¡
еһɴ£沿нǣ͸ɽĹ°㣬ȫǽСɫƤ۾񣬱ͦվʹǿ
ŮŰ磬ۺ쳤ȹ̷֮вżֻ·ں֮͸һ֦׿Խ˳һӣСڼüֶۣһǧĵ
̫ϵӣеٷ磬ŮӸǷ绪
һˣФĪЩ߲㣬ĺĵӣǣʵһһأؼ̫ϵ֮У͸ŶȻںϣĵӣѿʼȻںϣȻ𽥴ﵽ˺һľ硣
һʵʥ񣬳Ϊ߼
ҶʩȻÿһԣе߲ǰĬĬں档
ФƺչҶȣٶȱвϲ֮䣬еĺĵӣԵúܲͷף̻һвӡ
ȴһ룬Ҷȿɽ磬˶֪ϣӵ޷ԤϵǱ
ȻǸһ㣬ֻ޷ԤϣҲпܾһˣҲ޷ӵ졣
֮ԶʥأɳĪʾ⣬һɽ֮ͣϢ
ٵӶ죬ܶ˶ȥ̫ϵӳϻ⣬֪˼ֱʩչ磬Ϣ
һ·ҶҲòٺĵἰݣҲ˽⡣
еΪλӰŮΪޡ
йеһУλӰһλ񣬽̤̫ϵ꣬ڹ̫ܽϵ񣬴ڲʱڡ
ޣĽλ񣬳Ϊ̫ϵ꣬ǺĵǵĹȥűΧЩԺĵĵӣյ
ģλӰˣ̫ϵ֮УǾ޾֮Ȳ
ˣܴӺĵ֮ӱѾ񻰣ЩĵӾƨҲֻĪĴڡ
ڶ죬˼ʥطȥ
죬һǳݣϢ죬ż죬ڽʥصؽ硣
۹ǳԽԽ࣬ͬʥز࣬Χʥء
ֻǰУ;ǰӭӵʥصӡ
˸߲̫ϵӣһֺĵӣǵһʥأûҶȶʥĺĿ⣬Խһ޴磬ؿʱѾӦ纺˿˿Ϣ
ʥؽǰٵӼеӭ
磬ӭһ޴ʥɽ¾ֱϰƣƯյȺɽ
̤ʥɽʥصڴУһЩ˳ޣʱʱʡ
ʥشϣʥͬģֻǵۼϢûʥеֻϢȻʮҲֻʥģҲÿʿеʥء
ȱһɽϢФĪλϣи߲㣬뿪ɽ壬Ӧȥʥظ߲㡣
ûϢʱһɺͻȻɽ塣
ңһŮ޽㣬ϴɽżСÿɻһֱǵ
ŮԴһŭֱͷϢ
һ̫ϵӣʥصӡ
š
ʥصӣһŵòĺĵӣ֪ʱɽ֮ڣ޸ĮϴβΪ֮ȺǿʬħޣƵû·ֻѰȰ
Ѱ𣿶ǰѻǣ㡭ΪŵŮӣ֮ŭһ֡
ˡ
һ־Ȼɽ壬һɺʼӶᣬǣɽһһľʼ
ȻŴˡ
Ǻεȵ
ҶֹͣУź϶˺󼸲
ʱλӰȰʦ㣬Ϊ̫ϵӣοŵصģˣȥ񲻳ΪЦԺ˭ʥأ
εģξ͸һӣãνɽˮ꣬һָ˵
ٿȻʧб֮գ۾Ͳˡ
Ҷ˿ͱ꼰أ׼£һ𣺡ţ̫˰ɣҲʲôӣȻ̫ϵӣӰ쵽ʦðʦʢᣬ̫ϵӣҲܵͽ䣡
ǣʦ֪ˣŵнԶȥ
治֪ɽ壬ȴһ̫ϵ͸ӦǴڵʸûУв񣬱̫Զˣ
Ĳࡣ
ȥ纺ϧڣֻܸӦ纺Ϣһ֮Уֻ΢΢Ӧǡ񡱲õ֮С
ʥزʥأܳɵġ


1766 ֻԧ첻
֮λӰ̫ϵӣ뼸߲㣬һڵӲιʥط羰
ǡײ̫ʥءʥصӣҶ֮ǰϣơȻûڶ
ʥأҶɽţδܵӣֻżһЩ˺Ŀ⡣
ֽ񼸴ʥضֶ֪ʱͨߣűʥɣֻҶȲʣֲǴͨߵͨʥء
˶ϿڽҶҲǸվȲˡ
ʥ֮УҶȻˣ磬Ϊ·֮һ̲Ҷȣʮ⣬û뵽ҶʥضֻΪϲ̫ϵΪΧѾûеμϹ⻷
ΪҶ·ˣҲǺܴԵ֣ˣҶҲһЩȽϺõ񵤣̲
̲⣬Ŷʮ꣬Ҷôõĳô񵤣
֮ʣҶ̲ʵʦ㣬ҵĺ磬ʥֿ֮Σ
̲ü¶Цݣ޶˵ϸ˵ѽԪóϣ̤ʥ֮󣬾ͳΪ˾Ӣӣ̤߲񣬳Ϊĵӣʥ˳棬ŶãʹĽλϲ񣬴ϸ߲Ѵʥ漣ȻҲǰɣѽĽλв񣡡
壬ΪٶȣҲΪĽλϲ񡭡
˿̫ʥصĳƣûйʣδ̫ʥʹ߶²в񣬽ٿΣͨ󣬶ˣʦ֣Ϊû̫ʥضΪ˵·֮һӦ֤纺ʦʢᡣ

ᵽɣ̲¶ĿݣɨüƵҡҡͷǴ֮ȥһطѰٱõ֮û뵽ǿɱԽʦѣڶԷϣҵʱΪһЩЩǻϣӹһ١
ʦ֡ɲǼ䣬Ҷȵ飬һӵ͹ȡ
·ˣ
ͬȵʦĴڡ
֮Уӣ˷ѰֵͨˣȻҲΪ´͡
Ҷȡ纺ơ̤磬뽣սò̲Ϊ·ˣŵ˳ʮѰð֮У̲Ļϲ⣬Ͷ֡
Ƕˣ̫ʥʥ˵䲻Ǻĵӡ̫ϵӣЩ߹ӣӵĿʥأʥΪһС
ϧ˭Ҳ޷Ԥ죬ɣ£˭Ԥ졣
ʮִ˵ûûˡ
˵ЩˣҵķԺлȥʥأһʱң̲תƳҶ̾Ϣ֮Уһץһ̽ҶС
ҶȺȻоҪϧǰˣ˵·ˣд˼ԺʦõŵĵطܿڣˮǧɽҶȶһʱϵʦʥһӣѿƲٵ񵤣⻹ǸܣʦԺҪ񵤣ܿڣÿ
˵꣬ҲóԼһ̲
·Ҷһһο˸Իع˴Ӫ֮Уʥظ
ֹȥ죡
ʥĵ磬һһ󷨣ÿһһռ䡣
ÿһռ䣬ʥسϼͷеĵ
һռ֮УȻһʥɽƯڸ߿գʥɽ֮ɽ壬˵ƣʥ֮ͻȻץȻͣγΡ׳۵ָɽ塣
ָɽ룬İɽһƽָɽ廷滨ɢɽΧ
һɽɽ֮С
ɽڣһռܴ󣬿ƾǻʹԺûжѨеʯǽڣһȪˮأȪˮϵðݣɵСţˮ
ֻŮӣڰգһˣһ۵纺ֻǰһ֮϶ƵƣȻ͸ǹľأ֮ͫУû˿
纺棬Ǹ纺΢΢ŮӣҲͶʮ£ģ£޾סǣһԼˮ˫֮ͫУﲨ΢תŴȻ仯ζ
ȻϢ֮У͸Ųµĸ߹󣬼òԺ
´ŮʥصϹŶ
񻺻ؿڣûгݺ纺ĵڣǹصķӡֻܻУΪʦʥҲ
Ҳ֪Ϊڻصķӡ纺üһ
Ժ壬̫̫磬˶֪ûоͷޱ޼ʣҴźڲҲʮָӣݣһʱŪҲ㵽ΪʦΪͿԼ뺣ѰҴ𰸣
лʦ𣡡
׼һ£ʥ׼йʥ£ΨΪʦĵӣʥô꣬ΪʦֻչӣϧҪôǲҪô;زۡ㣬֪ΪΣоһУģǿƣ飬ΪʦľҲῪЩ
񼴿һ֣Χһʧ
أ纺һۣȻɫ󲿷ֶܲƣʥصĵۡ
ң˿סգȻˡ
ӨӨӣ뿪˶һָһͨȻֱʥɽѾʥɽۼӡ
ͷӿ˶ڵȴš
ٿ
ɲǣ̤ͨ
ʥɽ
ȴĵӣһƿ֮Ӧһһ߿գֳֻͨٻӰ·֮ͷһ
񡭡ľŮӣĸӲΪģ
ʥӪϯ̨࣬ФֶԷɴ棬ȴҲ޸д
߽ʥ𣿹ȻϢФĪܱȵģܳˣûС
Ҷѱ纺ٻӰ纺ɴ棬ҲƺòһʱĲڷ¡
纺ʦãô
ϯ̨Χ󷽣ʥشĵ̫ϵӣǿʼ˽ˣҶҲúһǹ纺ġ
ʥһ̣Ӷڴţų㡢߻òƻһǣ
ʲôţʱһʦüΣĸӲΪԣʱֻǲʦøպתһʱ;áһЦʱ˿̣Ҷ޷һǶô
ʦ־ˣȻһˣò´ӴԺҲֻӰ
һ߹ӣȻ󷽷纺
˭Ȩеĸ߲Ҳ޷ֹ
Ҷȴھ֮У纺òӵĹעû뵽ʥأܵ׷
ƮѰ;Σһ䣬ֻԧ첻ɡ
еӹȻ̾Ϣ
һƺ˵в˼Ʈµ纺ĸһһ
Ф֣û뵽Ůӣô˹Σ
ʱĪҲƺС
Ф̾˶绪걻׷УԶǲȡġ
֮֮Ԫ֮õĳϣҲӲһ֡
ʱ纺ڼ̨֮ϣϯ̨߲㣬ʩ֮󣬾纺ʲôһϯ̨ࡣ


1767 ʱ
񲻶Ͽϯ̨һʱ䣬̫ʥءʥءʥءʥصĸ߲㣬Ծʾ⡣
òʵһ߲㡣
ȻһԽӣ£ǰȭФ˫ͫһݾ⣺ʦ㣬пնʥͣ
һ飬ֻǻòĻӦԭФϣԪʵҲﵽָ߶ȣЩӱΪʥظ߲㣬ϲ
ȻֻǴòòˣФ֪Ѷˣεػصλ¡
ڴʱһ⣬Ƶâһ㣬ʥأҶȵϣֻһȻ緲Ƶģ
ҶȰһоֱëǸ߽ʥֶΣһ񣬾Ѱ߰˰˰ɣ
ʥص纺ɽ磬ǺһԱʥضʮ꣬Ѵ²̤߲п̿࣬־ǿ
Ȼϯ̨߳һλߣҶ֪ĳϲطһ𣬿ȲطλҪߵߣ˵óһλ
Ҫģ纺ΪĵӣõΪµӡ
ʽܼ򵥣˰ʱѣʽˣӣȿֺ纺ʾףء
Ҷȣʲôû֪纺֪
ֹһʱҶ˻صɽϢ
ֻǰ֮ͻȻһŮӣɽ塣
ңҪҶȡ
ӶףΪʥҪҶȣ
ҶˣΪǰ纺ʶҪ档
Ůһ߲񣬺ĵӣ纺ϵһ·Ҳûʣ̲ס࿴Ҷȡ
ŮӴ·Ҷ׽ʥƣ޷ĸ߼
ǽƣʥسϾͷǣеĵŮӴҶһƬƮĽǰ
ո˵꣬ͻȻ纺ʹڲŮӵл֮һͨҶǰ
ҶҲŮӱʾл⣬̤ͨ
һ¡
ҶȾͳָɽƽ̹ĿյϣǰǴʥϢĶ
ֻ纺ӶһȡҶȼ棬ֻ΢΢ףҲĻԡ
δѣƼˣ˶ȻȻɫ磬һ·죬Ҷȷ纺ǰûԾһЩ
ʦʥɽʱΪ֮ǰ˵㲻򵥣صĺܣҲ޷͸ķӡ
纺Ҷڻ֮еĳ£߷ŵĺܵͣȻ˶һߵ֪Ĳ򵥣˵ʥ񣬾Ԫʼ񣬶ԿǴҺϣһֱƽڵķӡ֮Ϊͻƣҵļȴһֱûнչ
ҶȽóĶ㣬Ҫף˵ֻȫһƬģʦҲʥصϹŶһӣԪʥأȻʥضҪ
Ҳ׼ʥʮֿҵݣһЩ񣬾Ҳ룬ҲѰҹںϣռһЩϢ
ӵԱʱơ磬˺úȥ򴳵һһ磬Һڴ
ǰҲ֪ҵĹ磬ʲôģ
ڻ֮Уӭ㣬ûκ˴ţͬھ֮С
纺ȻʲôҶȣ׷ٵĩϢˣ
ᵽĩֹڵģ纺Ҳǣ³ơҲʱʱ̣̿Ű鷳
ҶһЦʾ纺ģĩǺǣ˵ǽƻĺܣˣֶΣǰãһֱ׷ٴ˵ϢɽڹħԨ棬׷ɱȻ󡭡
׷ɱ
Ҳе𾪣ôᱻ׷ɱһΣȥһΪ֯ΪѰ䣬ϾʦξУ䣬ҷȻҪ֣
ƺһϢɱץ˵ȵΪһ֯ΪҪԸ㣿纺ԽԽס
Ҳ𾪣˼ȥҸо뷨ĩйأȷȻΪ࣬ǾҲɽ磬֪ĩ䣬׷ɱĩģҲҲ֪ĩһԪ֮ǰ½ѰҸԴǵԴƺҪĩ½ԭ򣬾ռԴ
ԴĿǰ㣬һûڶˣԿƵģҪԴʲô˷ѾѪ
Ҳ޷õ𰸣·ĩҲ֪΢΢оƺ࣬ҲʲôƵġ

ǰĩ࣬ɽʱˮݣйϵҵжƺҪץסдɽ
ҪҷĩΪ˵Դô࡭ϿǼпܣҲӵеԴģ
𣿡Ҷһúܴ㵣ôеԴ纺Ȼ˫ۣ·û뵽ģͿ챻纺뵽
纺˸ϻۡɫâɵɻǵãɽ֣ɱ칬ʱͥ䡢ءۣţͷڷ棬֣֮ǷĩˣбȻҲһִӵռĵǶûм۵ʬ壬ؼû棬ĩûбѹйͥΪԴҲ᲻ûȡϣԼǡĵԴ磬
⡭пܣ
һ㣬Ҷ벻ʱһ𺳡
뵱꣬ۼ칬ͨ˫֣Ȼ˲㶼壬󲿷˳ۣͥţͷһڹͥĸ֣

ݣˣһʹˣҾˣҲԽ֮УУȡһԴ
ڻ룬µĹ壬ѵֻΪݺɽڸ
˵пܣ˶ĿʵΪ˶ȡۣͥԼǡеԴ
ϾҲû۲󣬿йͥԴԼһԪۺΪĿܣܴ󣬵ҲǴڵġ
Ҷȥļ֮У纺Ҳڻζ֮УҶȷ·뵽ʲôּʱԼĿĩɻĵϹŶȡԴͲ룬Ƕ칬˽ֻƬ棬Ҵֶۿ֤ʵѾĻصһΣΪʲôص磬ɽ磿ξٴ뿪ɽ硭Ҿãƺرɽ֮䡭
˵һж̫ˣ˳£ȷʵںܶɻ󣬿ϧ޷صɽ磬ǿԣͿȥУ棬ͥ۵ʬ壬Լʬ壬ֻҪǵԴˣͿȷǵķǲǶԵġ
ɽ磬ֻеһ֣ҶΪ칬£ĩҰĲľͷ뿪һ䣬磬žһве
һԪ֮ǰ÷ĩɽ磬ʱƿߣɽ硢ɽ磬ȫпܣҲнӴ
纺¶ǰǵ彥ҶȣˣЩˣǿˣʱ˵ҵֻ࣬һжֻҶˣʵ֮ǰҲ㣬һȥʥأΪֻҸе̤ʵõһЩܣҲֻһͬ
Ҷٴǣ纺΢΢˫֣ǰԺɲǸڴеĳû⣬ʱ䣬̤ϲ񣬵ʱ˴ɱ䣬㣬ҲһȥСӣҺǣ
ʦɼĻζ̣纺ֻصǰչ輸ΪҶ衣
΢֮УʱʱӻԽЦ


1768 
ʥأʥɽ֮У
ط֣ҵȲţιأ췣֮ۿ
УФĪԼʥصԪá̫ʥ̫׵߲ԼжʮˣƷġ
̫ʥصĳϣ̫ͻȻһطЩεĻ
Ҳ̿ȥ
ʥ䣬ǽӽĸܣμѹȺۣ˭Ķ֣طԵòδ⡣
ФЦǰ䡢ʥĴĸǴĶ֣ʥҲʥشӴһʼڼԪڣΪʮǿɧ
һϯڳĴʥظ߲㣬˭̾Ϣ
ʥأʮѳΪǿ
ڸ߲š
Զʥɽ󷨿ռ䡣
Ҷ纺ӻ֮߳ãҶȲʱûȥˣ纣շպ۵Ļţľأǵ֮Ƕ۾࣬һǿ󣬲κ飡
ɽô꣬ҶȹȥˣҲżô㹦֪ں̵ܶʱڣǿģ纺ͫ͸ŷģҶȵΡ
֮磬δ񶨹
Ҳ֪Լڲ֮ǿĴʥأˣҪõɽ磬õرʲôǱʲôţǣҲǣһлԶҴҲϣĴʥأĴˣһǾãĴʥأǶԣֻһ壡
˵ĺܶԣǳ磬ҪһطϢǿ󣬸պĴʥأǻᣬҽʥأ߲ü̽ʥزʧΪδһЩֶܵΣ
̤ϲ㣬Ȼȥҳ磬ԱأǧҪκˣ͸¶˵ܣһ֣ûлϲ񡭡Ȳ˶ã
ҶȻᣬǶһ˽硣
ҸողãһͰҶȾ֮С
Ȼ󣬴ӰսһӰ񣬿Ҷ뿪ֻʩչֶΣҶʱʧ
ʦ𣡡纺ӭ
֮ԵüΪͽΪʦҪԤ˽˸飬жˣûм̫ϵӣҲûлᣬΪʦǸ߲ʱʥ׷󣬵ΪʦδһУߵ죬ٻͷȥЩ׷ߣѾԶԶ˦Ϊʦ˼𣿡
ף纺ͷӦһû˿Ϊ֪ҶʲôˣʲôĹȥ
¶һ˿ЦݣĮǣ纺򶴸ΪʦѴﵽ߽λʥʥ֮УϹŶʮΪʦҲһʥʲôԶʱʥ㣬ǿߣΰʥһΪʦĿ꣬гһգ̤񣡡
纺ʵӦʦ׳־հԶͽéٿ
͵ĺܣлᣬΪʦʶʶʥķ緶úüסΪʦĻҶȱ־룬ȻɽţкܴգΪһ㲻һʣʲôûУΪʦϸԪҲӴһЩˣȻвĲŻǣֻɲǵҫۣ֮г٣ֻмˣߵԪ
úñչأΪʦȫ㣬ʥصľѧʣɾͣȻԽΪʦ
һ
УŶ纺ѵ룬Ҳ͸Źģ𽥵ؽ붴磬Ȼ󲻼Ӱ
Ҷ뿪磬û뵽λŮӣɶԷʥصɽ֮С
вúĵΧ
ʦܣǲȥ纺ʦˣ
ǾɫˣģΣܲһ£ҲʦǣĿһλʥأһ˵ľ֮
Զԣû뵽ʦܻ޸
֪ЩˣһΧסҶȣΪ˵֪纺һС
Щӣ֪뵽δˣҶҲĴǣһŮò߳Ⱥ᷿ʼϢڰУʥǧͼ֮С
һϢʮ죬ФĪϣԼλӰ̫ϵ뿪ʥء
һ£˲Żعʥء
صҶԼ´кصʼ
ͻĽλмʱ䣬Ԫ״̬δﵽ״̬һЩ֮ҶȾͷʶ䡣
̫ҵͨѾ߶ڻĿ̫񣬻һڻ
һͨͻǧͼڻ̫ںϣǳϢ֮УһɻϢ̺һִؿտϢֻҶȷ֣̫ǧͼںϣֻڣƣĻƣȷ޷Զںϣȴֲų⡣
߶̫һں籾ԴȷҶϣ𽥿ʼںϣγһµƣǧͼӡ֮С
ҶȻһ̫һӴ̫γһѭ״̬
ֱԴҲ̺˴ֻصϢ
⵹ҶЩȣͯϹͨ
ͯϺܿ˻ش𣺡ˣľˮˣȻӵĴѭҪںҲҪ֣˴ѭеţſںϣ⣬Ǵ֮еʡߡſںϣ
ߣһµʣҶȸеܺ档
ߣһǽߡľߡˮߡߡߵܳƣ֮Уӵпеµдߺٳֻ֣ڹϵĴ˵Уй¼ʾ֮впܳһ
̺֮ܶûпܣΪߣ
ūͲ֪ˣй˵Ԫ֮ǰиţһˣں˽ľˮ籾ԴԴ֮УγԴ·ӵߵٿʲôû֪ˣ
ʲô˵ã
Ҷ󣬾ֱ̫ԴΪӵ̫һҲں
ǰһ˳ɹںԴеܺ档
ͯϵţūǼǲãеĵ˵˭õĵҲӵƿеˣܶ˶ʼѰһ𾫡ԴΪǸϧԪ˿ںһҲƿؼһδﵽǸ˵ĸ߶ȣ׷дʿ̫̫࣬ˣҲһʱ䣬Ѱҿںϵ޷ҵͷˣ
Ѱںϵ
жļ⣬˼˶ںճΪߣ󲿷ˣһʼõ𾫡ˮȱǿںϣԴ֮Уϧ̫Σգ޷ƿأ˾ҵֲ֮ͬ󣬾ͿԴﵽںϣʱںо˵ܳɹϧݵ֣̫ˣѰ꣬ǧûѡںϵ
ȷ˼밡ҶȲòΪ񸮵ˣĴָ˾ٷ˵ںо
̣֮ͯʵҲһҰġ


1769 ʥ
ӵ̫һʮںκε
ľˮҲԡ
УǿռԴȻ󲻶ں֮УաΪߣ
һֶһʣ
˼죬бƳ߲ͨںһ̫뵽ʲôٴʵˣ֪ʯ
ͯϵʯ֪ˣ̫ˣʣʤҲʵͨȵȣ
֪
ҶȺܳԾͯϲ֪ʯѵʯʲôϡʣ
ͨ
ͨԱߣͨ岻ϴӡͷŷȼ̫ͻȻһͷͯ˵ģϵһ
ͨ壬ʩչɹ̫ʲôӦ
ͨͷıӡ߶ɹȰеķӡ񼶸߶ȣɹʩչ
ֻǰʱͨɹзţ̼䣬һɹ⣬ʼӿ̫
ˡ
֪̫񲢲ų⣬ڷȼ֮УڻٶԽԽ졣
̫ศɣ
ʦʯ壬ɹֶۣһ֪Դʦ㣬Ƕֻۣ࡭
ɹ񾫣໥ںϣ⵹ҶԺڻı绢Ҳ¿ʼС
ߣɹҲôϢʩչ龻֣ʮѰҴʦϢõΪǿ߲ſʵ֡
ߣ˲˼飬ȴкܴϣλӵ֮һʣҵʵֻ࡭
Ѱокݺ¶ģΪߴǧͼҲΪΪߡ
ͨʩչɹں̫£ٶȹȻȷҪ켸ܿڻΪҺ壬Ȼںϴǧͼ֮С
ɱԴںϣʹôǧͼʣͻͻͻطĽλ²һ˽λȾŽλĸ߶ȣһɱ䣬пܣ½λ̤в
ְͨͼںϣǧͼȻһ
ع鱾𣬼С
ʱУżȥһεлﰵʱʮֳ㡣
֪ȥҶһԪͨУڴﵽĽλ״̬׼Ľλ۷塣
ʦܣ
һ죬̳Ȼ̤̳еҶǰ
ҶȻֹͣУ֪Ԫ񵤣һʱ䣬ҲʱԪˡ
֮ǰҶóٿԪ񵤣лһЩв߶ȵ񵤣һʴƸ
ҶȣʱŲô񵤣вȼ񵤶ƳˣȻصָеʽӣֻЩ£ͬſв񵤣һ²һš
ǸԣڵԪ񵤣ǸЦݣͲ˯
ʦ㣬ʦܻҪԴ鷳Ҧǰһ£һڴûеõ𾫣ʵʧ֮ˣʦں𣿡
Ҹոڼǰ£ͻλв񣬱Ƚϲʱںѵʱ̣ԻҪȴʱ䣬ҲðһţȫʵﵽϲİɣүүһֱûĶĴоϢ̺ռ͵ı
Ǻǣʦ㣡ҶҲˣ˼ҵĺôãԷĺôҲȻҪΪ¡
ͣ
˺ܿ쿪ʼ
ȼ֮󣬻ƻҶԱ˺ԵѺȻ
ʮһʥأʥԱңԶĽ֮УһƬͬɽΪʿðѰĽء
ʥ
ʥ֮ڣһӵѪԪʿѰΣ֮ء
ʥΧĺӵƣൺ콻֯һ𣬼겻ɢʪԵضΣա
⣬үôֵطǴϢ
СģʥΣյĺܣʱʿ
ܰɣʿ֮𣿡
ЦźʥΧĺӵһοµĴضγɵģԺ󣬺ӵ·γһЩİӣȻ֮ͨӣҺʥڵλãѾӣѾԶˣ
˵ˣүȻΣգ򲻻ͻȻˣǰӵõ𣬰үͻʥˣǳ鷳ˡ
ʮˣһֳӡа˻ʶֵƣ֮дУ·Ǳ׵ĺӵ
ңūҲһС
ףүô
ʱ֮һ޴ĵڣƹһƬɭ֣·һ俪ĶѨ沢ûˡ
˸е֣˻ۣôֲˡ
ǵһȣҲүʱ¡
һߣѮ˵Ϣ֪жǿʮ֮еĹǣһ仰˵˱ڶѨΧ
ˣ
ʥأԪ񵤵Ҷȣһ֣ϢԺһҶȵԤ·׽Ϣ֮ҶҸڣͷɳﶼδüһ
ɳʥأڴڣһǿҵ𶯡
֮ǰܵʥؽƣ޷κϢ
óһԭǰ˻ӽƣֻͻȻգһ⻪Ȼ֮д˻ʥ
̶̼֣Եð˻û˵
룬֪˻ӶȻˣ˴Σ
Ҷȼ̴߶ǧͼȥȻڵͼ֮УѰҺʥִӹż֮Уҵʥļ¼ԭһ֮ء
ʮһΣҶȫ߶ǧͼϴǧͼƷʣʱһ˼
ɲǼ䣬˴ʹ
ʥһ·̣ʮңԶֻһһ·̴󡭡ûкʥ꣬Ҷֻܴ
ʱȻӦūϢڴ
ˡѵūŰ˻ȥ˺ʥ
ūڴǱȻŰ˻Ӷȥ̸ӦūϢȻʥķ򣬲ϵʧԶȥ
ԵūϢΪ꣬Ҷȿʼ߶ǧͼһδεĴ
֮һµľ룬ȴð졣
߳ȻգǰһƬƣʪصɭ֮أΧԼӵΧס硣
ӵ𣿲
ӵҶкȻ뵽̤֮ĳɲӣʮ
ūϢȻ棬Ǻʥ֮أ˻ˣӦҪѰ߽λֻ߲һξ磬Ϳ̤񣬿ǧ񣬳Ϊ̫ϵӣҲʥأ췣ۣ֮
ӦūϢڲҶһϢһ磬̸оζĺˮϢΧš
ĺӵԽԽ࣬ЩӵԿóǴ˺֮Уˮӿγɵĺӵֺӵףˮ纮ˣҿ϶пµޡġ
֮һĵ죬̳֣ʵ඼ĻɽֲᱬɽЩ죬ǵر˶ɵģʲôģУҲ𽥾޴


1770 ˻
ô£˻뵶ūϢһһң
ʥһЩ쿪ʼΪȻƣҶʩչ龻֣ظӦ˻뵶ūϢ
Ӧ֮Ҷʮƣū˻Ӳһ
пܣ˻ʥǴʥض⣬ڵĸ֣Ȼ
뵽ܶ࣬ܿ˾һȥ˻ӣʱӦúҪ
󷽣Ȼ룬һ޴ĺɫ壬Ưںӵ֮УӦʥҲǺʥ롣
죬ǰһֱʮĵ죬ΧȻǺ
ߣǧŹСӣֵ۾ҪŹκεط
Ҫ̤뵺죬ҷʥĿУһɱڵамǿϢڸ
ҶҲܲЩ뵺죬һɽ壬ԭʼɭ֣ʪˮ顣
ΣյϢڵ治ǰûа취Ȼ˻гŵϽҪ˻ӺܶӲͷƤȥ
˻ǴĻӣޱȣЩΣ֮أʲôǵһͨ࣬Ȼη
һЩ޴Ҷ֮ϣҶԽԽӦ˻ӵϢҲ΢ĺ
Ũҵ֮УȻһ񼶱̾ţֻ֣ʥϣһСƬɭ֣֪жǿޡ
̿ˮҺʩչ֮ϢѾһԵ֣޹
ԽһںӵԾɽǧ·ֻڲʪӾˣȻڲмɿµϢﵽ
·ǰ˻صĵط
½֮УҶ̴߶ƣ˻Ӵһ
ҡֵܣû뵽ô͸֣УΪȴǵһСģҾµײҲһ֮УҪСģ¹УȼޣʶȼߣǸ߼ޣѷҵĴڣ
˻Ӳ·һӻָ
Ҷҷ£ȻһƬ֣µ·

ӯشأǳʪĻˮˮҰݣȻǰ˰ףͼһݣݷѾ˼ӣһ棬ҶѼϤİ˻ӣԷҲȻҲ
˻ӱ䣬һѪҶ֡
Ҷһݣ˻ʱۣѾˣһɼǵ˿ڡ
˵ĴĿģͲû˿
ֵܣһˣ˻ӼЦЦȻ֪ҶȾ̫СȻһ£ȴΣյ磬𲻵ٵá
Ҷԭ򣬾ΪҶһʦ԰ָơ
ӣȱҶѪˣۺмòƵ񵤣պöָкܴ
£һɨͿ˻˵жأʱҲó񵤣Ľλвȼ֮ǰƶɵġ
û뵽ڸպô
˻ƺ֪ҶƵ񵤣ж಻ץס¡
ҩЧֻϧ˻һ߲вڵƣѾڿٻָ
˿ڣʼֹסѪϢҲԶȼţɫһ˿
ҶΧʵڸо󱳷ƺڵޣʱɱӣʥ֮أ̫ãһҲȫ뿪˵
˻ҡҡͷ̬Եúܼǲ뿪ˣɲǽң֣Ѱҵ䣬ټ꣬ʮ꣬޷ҵңԻָһʵǳȥ׼Ƭ̾ͻᱻǷ֣
ǾʮꣿҶһеʮ꣬ƶ񵤣߶Ϊѵȥ
ģҲ˵֣ȻˣҲܶ뿪
ʮꣿʲôЦʧʮϣڵĸ֣ͻңҲ֪ͨʥأþͻʥأ
ʮꣿ
е㰲οʮ겻ãʥأʮ꣬һ꣬ȥĵӣˣǧ궼κε⡣
ʮҲ԰д߶ͨС
뵽̰д߶ƣкκ飬ڵһʱΪҶȽ
ĵҩȻЧҵڣо˲ϣв񵤣ԼʮڣǿԻָ㣬ֵΪ֮죬˺ʥأ
ʱ֮󣬰˻˵㾫񣬱ǽڣؿҶȡ
Ҷûԥ˽ڣ˵ˣ˵ʥأһΪѪϣõֱ񵤣;УյӵĴ٣Բһ£ܸϹ
Ǻǣ
˻ӺȻԳһЦǰѪϴεõ֮󣬲Ҿ뿪صʥأȻ˵ʥмâпнѪҪˣԾ뼸ʦ֣һͬ
Īǻǧڣ񣬳Ϊ̫ϵӣȡ췣֮۵ҶȹȻأ˳˵仰
˻һҶȱ飬Ӱһת¶΢Цʵȷ뷨ֻһ룬һǳΪ̫ϵӣϾΪǿߣÿ˵룬Ѫӵ̫ഫţ˵תѪ뾭ӶͬʱԴͿǰڽڣɰ벽ԴԴΪԴ°빦ҽѪһãҲо޴ɱ䣡
תѪ뾭
򵥰Ѫתͨˣɶشײˣ顣
ҶʣӣǼλʦ֣
ʲôʦ֣⼸˼ΣͿˡˣһ˰㣬ͷµޣشҡ·ɱһɾ꣬̾ʥ֮ĵˣרŷɱʥᱦʿȺ˵죬һһƣǰͣҺõʱʥһȺǿޣպץסᣬӳʥأշתڼʥ׷ɱ
˻ϣֳǿҶεĺ⣺ЩżȻңһ룬пܣָʹǱˡ
ĪͬΪĻӡҶҲһѺ԰˻Ӹ߲Ϊȴһδ֣ôա
ܼһ֤˻ӵĲ
ε˵ˣݺҵʦ֣Щ磬˵ʵģЩ磬Ȼٲֽڹϣأ췣֮ۿҪ٣ҳ⣬ÿ˶Ѳ˸ϵݺҵʦ֣пܣʥһУڱƲ
û뵽ʥͬţҲĺǱΪ顭
ԽʥأԽйĵطԽкڰĸƤΪ棬κ˶пܳΪˣЩ磬һԺȡλǻֵײеһĻʱĽɢޣ޾̫˽ˣȨ֮У
˿̣˻һ̾Ϣ֮˵һ䣬εĻ
ҶԵúȻ˻ȻǺҲױԷƻģǻʼҵר˵ǲʵԺõġ
ҶȰѻƿջһۣǱȻ֪㻹ţܼƻҪأǾͲ뿪ʥ


1771 ʬ
˻̾ǰҲǾͲ뿪ﵽ֮࣬ͷӲ񣬶ҲһʥصĵӣΥĴ£ʥأʥ齨һ
ʥصӣ
ԤϣһʥصӣΪܣ
ʥصĵӣΪ桯ʮǰʥأʥΪսأʥصӣɱúʥ⻵׷ɱһ
ô棬ǶʥأȻʮ˽⣬ʮꡭʮ֮ڣǾпܱ֣
пܣ֮ҪС棬Һ׹¹ȵףһݣҲиڷ絲ĵط
Ϊ߹ӣ˻Ӽ¶εЦݣʱȥջӵлӲࡣ
ݣӣ¹ȵףôһݣ
ᵽݣҲûʲô飬ҶȺȻݣò̫ܣںʥЩأôסݣ
˻Ҳһɻ󣺡ʵʱҲܶɻʥأܴ࣬˵ޣʥҲУŻкûȴһݣҲ֣Ӻܳʱ䣬Ҳ󷨸ǣ̫֮Ҳʧʧȥ󷨱ܳ⸱ģ
ｨ췿ݵˣȻΪﵽϡ
ķһûκεװƷҶ̦Ҷȴǽ£һյ͵ƣͭɫȻȥ⼣߰ߣԽԽе㲻ͬѰĵط
˻ƳҶһֱһطҲŤͷȥͬʱ͵ʿķݣôӲ⿴ȥֻͨʣûзʴ
ĪⷿӰ
һµĹȵס
һƾɵķݡ
ʵЩͬѰҶȰһ̾͵ƣ߶Ԫ͵ƣûκεĽƣȴӦǽͬʣһֱ·
ſָһ
ǡ
ֻǳԶһ͵ƣ˵ʲôأȻ͵֮ĵ棬ͻȻһʯذ͵ⷽһ¶һֱһ׺ĵĶڡ
Ȼиͨ˻Ҳ֧
֪ȥ˼񵤣˻һָ˿Ҳһ룬ǿվ
һ͸е⡣
˻ҡҡͷ·治֪ʲôӦûʲôͱݵˣˣ

ڴʱɽȣͻȻһͷޣĽ
˴ɽȶڻζƵġ
Ҷ˻ſڣɽ룬һͷ飬һСɽҪޣڶշŭ
˽ӽϷ޲˻һ̳˲
Χ
ҶѾϷҶǸ߲аƲ
£ˡУǵ뿪뿪пܣ
˻ӴʱȹϵϣѾ³ʲôˣ˿գʱ뿪ѲϢߣ޴ؿҶȣҶһв񣬲ܱ뿪ֿݡ
ͻȻֵͨܣȥһ㣡
ã
Ҷȹͬ⣬ԷǸ߲ô汾ˣҲڸܽԷȻߣ߶ǧͼͳףڰ˻ǰ¶ԼֶΡ
̷Ű˻ӣڴָһһȭͷСĻͨ·¶һݡ
ҶһȥȻ·˻ں棬ְѺʯƵʵʵסڣȻҶŽݣһȥ
һȽϿĵȣ
ܿ죬ҶȾݾͷǰһϵȣʯţȻ˻Ҳȣ۵û˵˻֣ʾҶȸϽǰߡ
ҶͷżԽͨһɳʪζңһɳζƺǰ
ʬζĪˣ˻Ҷȱȼ磬СŻǰߣȷǴʬ巢ġ
˶뵽һȥˣݵˣܾ
˴ԼһףȻ˷ֵ棬һʬ壬ӽʬʱǰһʬ塣
ҶԴ߶һ򣬺һȵϳʮʬ壬߾ǰѵ˾ͷҲûг·
ʬôࣿ
˻ʬǰʬһѾãеģǸ߲󣬲֪˶ãʬڸ֮УֻǱһЩɱãֳʪʬ嶼пܸãֻʥʬ壬ſḯá
ݵˣһݣôˡҶҲԱߣϸЩʬ壬ָϣûдָһĻһҲˣݵˣǰᱦģʱӪأΪʲôԭ򣬼пᱦ˲֪֣ڷΨһҴߣõһУ뿪ʬ壬ݡ
˵ûжۼؼʹõûһȻ֮ȡһУ˻ͬص
ӣֻʱڴˣЩˣܷܲݣԼµء
ҶͷһɷӡʬӡͷŶζȻ˻һ¡
鶼֮УоǴɱĸζ治ܡ
ֵܣҲãյ֮СһṦ򣬰˻𽥻ָƽʮϣҶͶȥǸ⡣
⻰˵ĵʵڣٻҶȲܳ
Ҷ򵭵Ц˵ľǼ⻰ˣҲԵ֣ûԵ֣Ҳߵһ𣬿һж춨ģ
ģǲģһҪ̫ϵӣҲҪΪһʦ˻Ӽҵ˵
䡭
ʱϷһƺҪƵģ»ζ
˻ɫһӦǷݣǰ˴ҪأŹκҲᷢأֵܣֻһսȻٵȴ֧Ԯһ
汻ˣֻһǵʲôʲôȥҪ֡
䣡
Ǽ𶯣Щˣȵ׵޽֣ԽԽ
ꡭ
ͻأ֮䣬ưѵɭɭ
ð˻Ҷȶɫݣ񲻱񣬷ױ֡
Ҷȴ߶ڰķѰѷ죬ȷǲûзʲôѷ죬ѻƶʬ󷽣ͨͷʱȴǽϣѷ죬ȥһֻڻſ档
ǰѷͺá
˻ҲһĻɫ΢΢˻
䣡
ִһ
ҶЩѷ죬һ֮Ҷȷѷֿʼӣһ밵Сѷ档
̫ѰˣҶȿ˻ӣطûгѷ죬ƫƫˡ˵ͨûгڣֻǱˣ
Ӧ˻Ӽæվ
䡭
ոո֮ʱһˣͻȻһϷһȻһȻͨϷһɿĵ棬Ȼȥʱ
а
һ
ȥϴȥ˵ǹƨӣ棬СˣеֶΣ
ǣ
æϴ
˻Ҷȣӿ죬ԷϾҪˣٶ룬̱ѷͨǽ档


1772 ż
䣬Ҷ˻ӣѷǽ棬Ҷֻһһǽ飬Ȼһΰǰ
ҲʲôҶȴ߶ƿס˻ӣͷŻһͨ
󷽲ϴ𶯣ǽŲ
ͨ·죬֮ͨǰôԵôæɣǰʲôǣȻ˻ӻǽع۲컷ͻȻʲô
ʬѣ
ǰʮףͼӿݵĵ棬һ߸ʬ߸ʬ֪ôģѪ
ͣǰУּһЩʬԽԽԼн֮࣬԰˻ӵĸӦЩʬԼĪϲԸ߲֮䣬ҲδκԼ䡣
ݵƷҲûС
̫ˣʹð͸ëȻϢ
İûʬ壬ƺЩˣǼһ飬ȻĪⲻյĵ°
ǰռˣ
ĺȻ䣬˶֣Ӧ쿪
ˣǽٴαùʯɣһЩģ˲룬ٶҲһ¹ϵ֮С
ɵ֮ϣвģҲѪֵǣ֮һͷѪɫͳ֮ϣ亹ֱð
ҶȰӦʲôط
ѵ
˿̣˻򼤶ɨģѩϣܣѵʵڵģ
ӣʲôͷ𣿡ҶȺؿ
˻渵ʥһֱк˵õȷҲ˵õЩõѪˣ˵ʥ֮ڣһϵı⣬һﵽεĽѪʥ˺̣ʧˣǺıʥ֮У˵ģƵİЩڻ
ѵЩʬ壬Ǻ̵ˣ̣ͨû뵽ʥôһ˵
Ҳ֪˵ˣɷ񶨣һʲôܣδ׷ǲóȻҲȲ˶ãǻ׷ģҲ̵ֺᷢĴ˵Ǽǰк̣һͨͨ棡˻ն˵Ҷǰ
µһͨǰֻണʯѩ͸ɭϢһ۾ͺܲ
ûмעʯ񣬽밵ڣְҲ޽ɣѾô߶߱ʮ鷢ӨĿɫͨ·ǵˮ
Ȼѩڻһ֣˵¹ĹĴ
ͨ
֪밵೤˶Ž飬Ѱҳ·֮ʣͻȻǰһƴײ
һÿˮ
°ôˮ
ˣʥɵ´ضγɵģĺӵôʥ֮£ȻҲеºӵ˵ǰһ°ӣҪºӣ˻ƿڶ
ҶҲͬôˮȻǰʱУһˮϵӿͨͨͣ
Ѱˮͷʱ϶ɫ
Ϊǰһ׵ϿϿ棬һٲʮ֮ߣӵ֮Уһڣ޵˳һ˽һˣһŵڲϵذӴ
Ȼǹ񹤰Ҷ̾Ϊ񼣣ϳƾ
أ
Ͽһ±ϣҲ࣬һţպͨϿ£ǰһʯ˸ģ˻ԵüΪɵ
̹Ȼţӣ㿴Χûгڣֻǰ˵ǻܵõ˵ĽѪ
ʱҶȵû˲뱻׷ɱĻţᱦ˼Ѫ˱Ȼõ
ûа˻ӣ˼
ģȽȥţҲһڸ֣ں׷ʹʱ䲻ˣǵҲҪһ
˵գ˻ͨҶҲȥ
ɸ̤ͨͷ˸ʬ塣
һǸʬͬʬĸʬ϶ˣ֮ǰйһĶǵɱ˭ҲװЩ˿Ȼǿж֣ȫ֮ͨϡ
ʬʱӶ
ûͣǰͨǿյϿǲһ˿ĺڰ֪жңԶ
һʬ壬һʬ
žͷһµͨǰͨǰһʬ壬Ǹʬ
񡭡
˻Ӽʬ壬˺һҶҲЩף񣬾Ȼ㿴һǿƣüҲʲôﴩ
·иӣ
һʬ壡
ҲҶȾ̫ˣַµǽߣһöɫӡ
˻ӻһץӳУʱ¶ϲЦݣ񷨱һλһϵ
ϲӵõûа취˻һбȻȱ˻ӵõҲôһһԱȭ
Ԥϣⱦôǻϵʦɣģ˭֪˻һ°ӣ׸Ҷȡ
ӣ¿ɲ˼ܡ
˻ָźɫӣ㷢ֵģȻģϣвٵˮ񽣣ؼʦһϵкܴôžŰɣ
Ȼ˵ϣҶҲˡ
˻ϸʬ壬Խ˲ΪҲܴﵽλһ֣ʥ̫ϵ֮УҲĴڣϵһЩƷӦǺ̵ĸ֣пŵĻߣĸ֣¾նɱ벻Ǻεȵĸ֣
վ˶һۣǹ֮ͨС
ʱ鰵
ʮɷ־̲ĸ֣һ𻢱޺£ͨϿķ
ˣսսض˵ϴط̫ˣǻ뿪ɣǸӣпܲδ
ǰϴ󣡡мҲͬ
ڹȵףѸӦ˻ӵϢȻǼȻ˼ҵӣҪΪ˼Ұ£ߣ̾һˣѵ̵֪Ĵ˵쿪ۣ棬ֵܣ̱Ĵûᣡһɱû˿ɵ
óĺ֮
Ǻʥһ䣬档
ߴͻƷڵƤó˳ںӵߣֱԼϣ˺ۣԴһɱ
̣ԭĴڣϴǿҪһʣЩĿ⣬ǵõ⣬Ǿܸϴ뿪ʮȥһ
һĸֺЦ
Ȼ仰о˵ƵģˣΪܣǲΪ֮ʥأǲ׷ɱǲһӵǿɣۺƸҲԳΪһ䣡
ϴӢ䣡˶¶ı顣
̣Ĵڣ˵нѪֱ֮󣬱뿪ʮЩռıȥǹϾʥػʱʱ̵̿ңǰãмʥصǰѰҵϢҪ֣׷ɱң
ЦЦȻ䣬ˮǰɵСǰš


1773 ع
˿Ҷ˻Ӵһˣѽһ
˲²⣬֮ǰ񻤵ǻţҲ֮ܽ̽С
Ұ֮УȻ󷨻أϧ֪ΪΣͳͳʧˡ
ֶżҶ˻һ룬𽥱ÿʱʱ࣬һЩ䣬룬Ȼһ׵Ͽǰ
̧ͷȥǰԼϿƯһͨͨǰһƽ̹һʢ̨̨Уһʮɸߵ̣ɭɭشš
˲һ̨пܾǺƽʱۼ֮أΧţʥ£ֹǷֵһоӵӵرͬķ
˻΢΢һʾҶȼǰ̨һ󣬺̻ʱȻһ󷨣ź칲룬磬죬ϷֵϧԼ˴Ұģ̲֪ʧ꣡
󣿡Ȱ˻ӼʶδŵĴڡ
Ҳóһ˹һƣֻϧδγɻ򣬲Ȼ̱Ȼʢȥ
ּ̨ʬϰپ֮࣬лмʬ
̨ûʲô֣˶Ƭ̨̣󷽣һعǰ
عķ䣬عԽԽҲԽǰһ£ƻʹĽڣɼ̣½ΧɢһЩС͹
ȻǺ̵Ľ̵
ûϢԼϢҶ˻Ӷ˿ˣ̵ˣ¶ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô£æ֮䣬̵ˣͶˣΪ˸ʬΡĻʹ
˻ΪعĹģ̾Ȼ˽飺֪ǲǵһˣȻк̵ıҶֵܣǿѰҲܰװ״ڰһع֮ѰұͬʱҲõعΣ׷ɱ뿪ع뿪
ҲãҪ뿪عҲҪѰҵ뿪ͨΪ̽·Ҳ뵽ûеһʱߣع֮УҶȵͷͬ˻顣
һһңΧŵعʼѰҲ֮
عռܴƺ֮ǰһȻ¶Ѩ̿ôһռҶûз쳣ʬ֣ۼҲûУȻǲǵһˣҲ֤
ô̵ıкܴϣڵġ
ͬʱع£ʱʱеºӵȻϸ΢ӲҶȵĸӦʥ֮£°岼
ϧֲϽ빬ѰȥһṦҶȾ͸Ӧ˻Ӵع󷽣˻ӻ棬Χ࿪ѵĵѷ죬ƺعҲʱʱڳܵض֮ƻ
˻ӴҶҷͨӦòǺƺüˮͨعЩͬһʱڴͨģڼͨ࣬һ
һ𣬳ʮȲ࿪ԭһҶȾﰵʺϲԱкü֪ͨͨڰ֮Уױ˷֣һ벻ͨͨлء
عҪ׷ɱҵ˼Ѿ֮ԺľǺ̱ںʥݺ꣬Ȼ֪Ĵ˵ǵ˼ȫڱϣ˼ҵ䣡
밵֮󣬰˻ϵʱ¶ʮЦݣܳҲʮϵͨ£΢΢һͶס˰
ͷһŻ򣬾ȻְͨͨϷԭǼ滹һĻʯƶ·ͨԼһǽ֮عȫò
ֱǾѲ֮ǰʱ˱ԼϢо֮Ҳᱻ˸ӦϢ
ˣˣ١
ʮҶȾ˶Ȼ˻Աߣ͸΢΢ƿ¶һ϶ǽשһȺɱڵĸ֣ȲĳعǶһͬ㣬ǳ紵ɹγɵĻƺƤ
˻ҶȣֵܣǰǸȧǼߣĸߴˣ棬Ϊʮﵽ߽λΪʥأҲһϴҲŲͨʵܴﵽ˰˽λҲ˵ʮ󲿷̫ϵӣ޷նɱǸӢţھŽλǰ˽λ񣬽նɱֻʥ񼶱ĳϣϹŶ棬ſնɱ
߽λ񡭡ã֮Ҷһ𺳣û뵽Ϊͨ죬Ȼﵽ۷塣
ʥ֮УһǾһ̫ϵӣͬλӰǰĸ߹ڡ
һǿӵ˵Ϊ
һ棬ҶҲò˻ӣܴӴ˵׷ɱ֮Уסһ漣ɵҲ˻ӣԸ߲Ϊӹ߽λ׷ɱм
ˣС
ûӴʱҾʱںʥһҪСһΪĵҺ׼򡭡˻һֱŭϣǵûʥأѾΪʥͷˣ
ȷһѲǿСҶȲɵö࿴漸ۣ˿ȥһ츳Ϣͨһǿߡ
Լʮǿ£֮һڵعѰѰҶ˻䣬ˣ׷ӿعһ֮С
̱пС
ʱʼһʧһĹȥ
һڵҪȻڼԼΧССķ䣬Լ֮ͨУȻΪ˵õ̱ЩѰҶ˻ӵĵ죬ûκջϣʮϸϸڼصطȥ
һңǰ꣡
ˣƺ沢ûзֱʧҶһֱе˵һʱڣҪǰ֮ڣʲôﶼûз֡
ҶҲúܲ⣬Ӧûǡ
˻תת¶ʧɫҶֵܣ㲻ãǷְһֱһֱЩͬѰ֮Щʬ壬ӦǺ̵ˣǶˣһҲûУ̫ˣȻռǵıȺˣҲȻ˵عӦҲɱ˺õб
ѣҵҲòԣЩˣɱǱɱ룬ˣ˱ֶס˸ڣǱվҲᷢ°Ѱ
ɱҪЩɱȻкܶ򶷺ۼȻŵĻߣһ񣬾̵֤ĽҲʥΪһʥ񣬾Ϣˣع𣬸˵һ㣡
һеı˶ˣѪҲδһ㣡ҶȺʧ
ͬ˻ҲεҡҡͷӣôõѪʵ̤񣬳Ϊʥص̫ϵӡ
ҲģĻӣڽ£Ըƽ
µ񣬱ǲˣӦòѰұԼҶˣôͨǿܻҪϺܳʱ䣬ֵܣϢһᣬ񣡡
˻Ҷȸ첲ҶȽƽ
˵һȣһʱ䡣
ǡ꣡


1774 ļ̨
ʱһʱ䣬ڵعһ֮Уţ֮Уʲôطű
һ棬ʱ䣬ʮ˺ü飬ûκջûзˣҲûзֱ⡣
üֱǱףôõĹû뵽ͷ˲գ˼ûҵҲû֡
ֹȥһꡣ
Ϣ֮еҶȣϢһֱھ䣬ͨ彻⼸ʱ䣬ھڣһֲʱޣһͨƳǧŵҩԪ񵤵񵤡
һͨһֱڸ߶մǧͼδϹͬʱͨҲڲԪ
ͨҶȱںϣԪѴﵽĽλ״̬һЩ񵤣̤λв
ǧͼƷҲﵽ½λ۷ƷʣŽλ߶ȣƷʵٶȣںϱԴǿռ
ôһİϢżع
ҶҲһֱ߶ŵعһһԼعΧ
Ȼ䣬һڲͬİϢϿع
ʮ֮󣬰˻ͻȻ˫üĿ⣬ͻȻת͸ǽשʲô˫ȭ߬
ҶҲһֱȥֻһ꣬żعǰɨع
Ϣ˻ӵϢһֱԴϢϢԪ˲Ǵˣǡʥصӣ
ϣȻûжϢ޷ӹҶȣ߶龻ֵĸӦһ˿˿Խʡ
˻סŭΪҶȽܣֵܣ˾ݺҵͬʦ֣ΪǡΪҲ߽࣬λ߲񣡡
ԭݺ˻ӡҶûжپ㵣һʥصΪ飬Ȼ˻ӵжԵĴڡ
żͣڵĹ֮С
һݺ棬Ҷʵӣʲô𣿴ҪѾ˼湴ɼ飬ûأ
ֻǻǾӢʱΪһ˴ǼҶҪ̤ͨ˸߲񣬴ӴԺ󣬴ʥأΪУҡҴһǿΪһ̫ӣģ
ѹסɣ˻Ӵʱẓ̇ǡ⽫ҲʥرӻҴֻһֱ̲ҴΧСģȻΪȻҴ֮ϣգ̲Ҵģ£Ϳˣ˶ʥУ֮ʥҲ̫ӣһδ뾡취뼸֣Ȼʥ֮Уҳһһûʥ֧֣Ҫ̲̫ˣʥΪУʥҲҲ滯ԹֶԹ޷ģʥҲûа취ǿиԤ˫ᣬԽļңʥǽǣ˽̫ӵ˼ͨ棬֣֮ͨĨɱãã֮أ̫ӣȫƲϵ
û뵽ͬʦֵܣȨȷϡ
Ҷǰ֪;Уպþֻм·̣ͬһ֮ϡ
̲סԴߴ棬ƺҪ֣ɱع֮Уعô󣬹ȥ꣬ûκ꣬ҵĸͻ֧Ԯ˻Խ˵ԽȻָֻƽ
ҶǵĶԻʵ벻Լһ죬ʥصӵ֮С
Ȼ˵̸
ַģȻǮͻΪ£쵽ףع֮УѰ˻Ӿ
һֱϵ֣Ը͸¶٣û뵽ʥ֮£ôһż֪֣Ƿ˺أ
û뵽Ҳ֪˵ϧ˸飬ҲûҵӰӣɶ񣡡
ô᲻֪ţнѪʥصĵˣĵӣرȻ棬ǴһѰһˣ
ǺǣȻΪȣں⣬̸ֻ֮
֣µ˼ֻϣ֮䣬ɽף鵢ԽãԽᱩ¶ʱĸ֣ǰ֧Ԯ˻ǺãʱʥҲɳ֣Ȼݺʥ꣬һʥֿ֣Ҳֻķݰɣ鱩¶Ҷд鷳н˻ӣֵѰұͷʥصǿӦ֪ʥضû취ֻǲΪ㣬˷ѡĸԴ̫ϵӣֻ֣ķݣҲи߽λģǴ֧ԮҲû취鱩¶ҶԲ˺ùӣ
ֵЩΣ˰ɣ
һӣʥصĺŵӣأ

̸ӿ죬ѡĬȻֹ
ҶҲƣ˴Ǯȫ˻һ
Ƴһ۰˻ӣȻһͨ汻ֻ֣·һ
ƨͷţֲˣ
ͻȻ淢ŭ
һսս磬Ƿһͨͷһ֮ϣһڣΧҲһ̨пʯšء
أ
Եúܼ⣺֣˵˻Ӿǵطаӣп밵ӣ˳Űӣγ磡
ȥͬˡ
֮߳ټʮ֣ʣһסڣһּѰңʮҶ˻ӣպòⷽͨ
Ƿʲôˣ
˻Ҳ˼ӿĽŲͨ϶ǣ˹
ӲӦǷǵĲ֮⼸֮ͨУʲô
˻ӳҶȵͷǶʲô˷֣ȥȥ
ãҲţҶ˻վȷǽһ֮ͨϴϷں󷽡
ǸӦ·ͷŵԪϢˣ޷ӦˣһֱϢ
һڵٶȣǳ죬Ҷ˻ӣ򲻸Ҹ̫죬ֻһ˵İһǰһСϣǷӦǺ̵Ľרſģӽͽһһ
һֱ죬һ죬ɼͨж೤ˮȻӦһڵٶȡ
ӦõĿĵأ
Ҷ˻ӣѰҿƶǽשһᣬڽ·⣬Сƿͷͨ죬Լ׵·һ䣬Ȼｻ㣬γһ㡣
ڻ룬һϵ̨һڵΧΧ̨Ҳвʬ塣
̳ǰһ磬ʮּ̣Χ𼫸ߵ񣬶ĸ֣˵֮ڣ˵Ǻ֮ء
绹ţ˵⣬Ҳû˴򿪹
ʾ˰ȻԱߵĽǣܴҶ˻Ӹպü
֣ô죿濴ӣʮָӡ
ҲЩɵ棬Էʵʮ֮ϣȴ򿪽磬Ǳ⣬ţ°ӣѰҰ˻䣡


1775 ȹ˳
Ȼô룬Ǿôɣֵ˺ЩʱЦƺڴʱ˺⣬ĽףͲҪˡ
ʥصĺĵӣնɱֵõ˱⣬ʱԶ߸߷ɣʥزܣΪһĵӣ׷ɱɡ
˵Ǵĺܣڷ˱⣬֪治ٿɫ£һƼˣ滹пɱǸ߽λ񣬵ڴǰһ
ǽ˻Ӽ֮ڵļ϶ſҶȣЦ
ǰ
˵ļеô
߽λ񣬵̫ϵӣȴһɢޣһ¼ҹˣһǿΪУǰһҲֻһˣȴǴ
Ҷȵڷ磬Ժɽֶֽ졢εؼʥһģҶţҲһˣ춷һ濹⡣
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôӣ˵򿪽磬Ǳ⣬漫пܣɱڣɱ˽ǣ
𣿡˻һ
а˲ܣ뿴õ˱Ȼ֪õʲƸɱڣߣõ˱ûбҪڽǣýǻĻΪԼһʱܱըըһعʥأΪأ·ı£¶˳ôʥŹ棿
ֵܷôû뵽һ㣬Ǳͻɱڣûɣ׷ɱˣ
׷ɱӣΪܣһ֪ǻųȥõ⣬ɱ˵ܣһ֮ڣ
˵ǻûվôˣͿǴ򿪽֮浽ʲôˣǷְһֱ鲻ͷ޷ͣ˵޷Ԥϵı仯
˻˵꣬Ҷȼ͸ǽש̨
濴ˣѡȻٻֻ֣һλλУʵɲǿЦġ
Ҷ˻Ӷû뵽ǽǣû뵽£Ȼĸ֣ʵûκ񣬿Զвãʥ֮⡣
Լǣ֮ǰʵһѾӵпʥ磬ӦҲʥµģϳڵض֮£ĥһЩмܣ򿪽硣
ΧĵԼϷҶ˻ӣ˵˶õĽѪ
ᣡ
ͬʱһ
ȻԼǿ׷עǰգγһâ۵񽣣ʮɣᡣ
Խʵγһ潣ûв񽣣˱˴˿һۣͬɣȻһ߶񽣡
ͣ
͵ȥʱǿײһ͵һ󣬽ѽ磬˽һ
˿һĻ˶Ƶģٴδ߶񽣣ֱȥһ𶯣󲿷󷨣ʧˡ
ʣһ㡣
ΧǿĸüЦĦȭƣ֮Уȡ
ᣡ
ٴκһɣͬʱϣ¶Цݡ

һϣԴݿ֮ƣ˽磬ʱʧһȹϵĴţǰ
ǿ첽ȥƽǶΪˣεһС˫֣ƶţĵں棬۾ôģ
Ҷ˻ӣʱҲס˺˭Ҳ֪򿪵ȴ֮ʲô
̡
ϵĴţϵƿȻһƵĽ⣬治͸һ¶˾ЦݣǽǣȻǺ֣Լĵ
⣡
һĵ˶ˡ
Ҷ˻Ҳڼ˴۵Ľ⣬ֻʯȻͶѻڴſڲԶ֪ж٣ʲô˾޷ֻнȥ֪
˻֮࣬־ϲʧ̾û뵽Ǻ⡭
ǰڣϧеıģӣĿܣԽԽˣ˱֮һʱҲңǷģ֪ȥ˵仰ҲҰο
Ҷȶԣаװ׼ֻܸɵ۵ʱûа취а˻ڣǰ˻ӣ취һЩҪ
пܣ˶õĽѪ
͡
ڴʱͻȻһѪ˹
Ҵǣʹ޷ŵ㣬֣ҪʲôҵǮΪҰ£
Ҷ˻һ̿ȥͼ汳Ա⣬·ƺҲȥ֪һָ䲻⣬Ҳأš
ָһ£ǱʹɼǸƽʱɱ˶ٵˣжĺ
ֵܣһжԤϵˣû뵽Ϊ˱ϧ˺Ƥɱ֣ҽǻʥصĺĵӡ
ʱ˿̣˻ͻȻҶ࿴ٵһͨв񣬻һš
һ·Ҷֵ𾪣ԼµĴð˻ӾҶȲһв񣬶һḻĴܡ
ƫƫҶȾһв޷ģܺҶȾʲôܡ
Ҷǫ˵ĺãΪΪʳ˱ǰֵܣɱοˣʱңʹ˶ָָ㣬ȻᣬȻŹᣬһѩǰܣ˵Ҳʲô࣬Ǹ˸׺ݵϹȹ˳ˣ
ǮҾ͸ÿɫ˭µأ
·棬׼ֽЪ˹Ц
ֵˣôɫܣǽʮӣҲᰡǲ԰Ѫ˵һ˵һֲѪѪô꣬

ΧЦ·ʥصĴһͷβĴ
һɨΧĿ⣬᲻ף
жôʣôߣ
ƽʱΨΨŵŵһȺǿȻһЦ
ǸɵȻʧ֮ǰ߸ϣ棬ˣҿʥغĵӣɱңμƻߣŹ㣬Ϊߵĳʥ
ʱˣ㻹ڳ⸱
ȫûһɵǰһ֣ڽתʹ繷һֱС
˵ʵЩںʥҲ֪ɱ˶ԸʥصĵӣҲʥصĵӣԣǣҪʵ㣬ٰڳһ߸ϵĿЦģһĺѿǼ˿ססſڣ˸ҽȥҲҪзݣ
һмƳһ½ǣȻ󵱳֣ʮˣʼ򱦿⡣
ڽǣѹſڵϲٶһ¡
ãǣҲн³Ҳãҳ֣ǿУҲý̫֪˻Цݡ
ƺйϢӱ洫
һԵҶȣڸ·ʵ΢΢·ϢɵĶ


1776 ӿ
Ϣ
̫Ծˣ̾ţ˶ˣôϢ
ҶȲδѸӦϢ߰˻ӣǸ߶Է˻Ӳ𾪲Ź֣ӻģҶôᳬ߲ܸӦϢ
˼һҶȵΪأҲǿߣر⣬̫пˣҲã˫ɱã
ȻϢȻйڸֽȥᱦ֮С
ϧֻ뱦ȻҴشﲩҲòѪ־˻Ӽһ̽뱦⣬಻ģֻĬڰ֮С
ಣ
ֻ
е뱦֮УҶ˻ҲϷڲľ󣬺֮ʣһҵ磬ӱڲϯΪըưͷ糱ڲ

ж£Ϸֻ֪ϯķ籩֮Уһ棬磬ͳͳһͨ˳Ҹ߲˲ͱ籩˺ķѣ֫ϱ۵ɢ
ô£ͻأһĻ˻𺳶һ磬Ī˾ˡ
ҶҲһ㵣벻ڲߣ˵ǿ
ͬʱոձɢſڼҲ˺֮ʱһаڵֿشӱڶ񣬻ߣ

˻Ҷ˫ͫȻ£֮УȻиӿֲǿߡ
˱仯޷š

תۣ֣ٵطӶԿﵽһ൱
ѵǺ̵Ϲﻹţ
֮ĵϣǱӡסֲϯ˺ķ飬ҲɣײǽϣһѪ
Ƥͼ˾ʧӳħƵģҲ˽ǣֻӳ
࣬ܲˣǵĴڣ
ٿȻ֮䣡
Ǹֿٴα
֮УӱһһӰһƴ磬ģΪٶ̫죬ʯ֮䣬ȻԦٶȣͳˣɽһӺ˳Խʱ

Ҳǳصģһһȭ֮ϣ֮һ˽Ա˺󼸲
ҲڴʱǺӰһԼɡƤǹơŨҴ̱ζ׵Ĺˡ
Ϸ˻Ҷһֱ֤һĻĻͻ䣬˻ӵһںǡ
ʿҶҲ벻ںĸ֣Ȼһ
˻ӴȷӵĺŹȻģû뵽ʥеĺڣͷˣ
ɭɭЦΣ߽λȴλٶʵ㶼֮£
ϴ󣡡
ض棬ǰмصĵ֣ŵ˫ȷȻ󲻹棬ת򰵵
ಣ
ǣһӰͬӰӱˣӦԷٶȣֻһ
ͣ
磬ǲ֪ôģͱӰ׷ϣһֱӴ˼
ȻӰ𽥱ʵ
Ȼһʵǿ
˻ҶƺֹͣˣôһһҺֵĺȻ޵еġ
ʵ壬ͬһƵĸߴ彡˶Ҷûͷͷϳѿ״ͷƤѪɫ
һסȥ·ĺԺ˾η磬棬ֵҲܰ⼸
˵ǲܱ֪ĽأаʧҶܻţְɣҪϻǿĺ˵һ
ɱ
һаһΧֳһƬˮȻΪһɶ೤Ĵͷﶯͷӿ븫ͷ֮УѸͷơ
ɱ
Ҳ֪಻κιƶܵóѣֻӲƴˣ֣һͬɱȥ

˼ͬʱȭγһ·ȭӡΧһɽĺȥ
¡
ɽһȭӡջǵֲͷ棬һұըͰȭӰķ顣
ɽᦣ
˫һץһᦳУ̴߶ӭľ޴ͷ

߽λһȻײ¡
ϴÿ
󷽣񽣣ش̳ԺšüΪĿ꣬ҪѺնɱ
ԡ˱޳ܣ
ɲǼ䣬һǿޱȵĺ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳڸոɱ档
ɭŵоߵ˾ͷ
Ȼǿ˫ͻȻץѸײڶ֮ƣסǣָ£һ
ǣ
ǷѵȻһͽλͷ­̱飬أԽڰձ
ǿߵ𣿡
һĻҶģ𺳡
˵ǵͽλȴҲ̫ϵӰĴڣǰ޷ľͷ
ںǰȴ缦Ƶģһ£һ£ˡ
һ𲢲ʥӦǴﵽŽλĴڣϺ棬ͳԽ࣬ʵǿʵȻһһλʥ񣡡
˻Ҳ꾪ֻ̾ǰдؿҶȣ͸һϲɫ̫ˣһ桢еɱû֪ҵĴڣȺ뿪Ǳ뿪Σյĵ磡
˵ļǣ峬Խ࣬ͲҹάֻҪ·ˣǾܻڰ˻ۣҶȵͬҲ뿪Ǳ֣Ǵ鷳
磬ɱǣһǰЩ˲֡
˲ɱĺһɨԷͲ˵ʲô棬ѡ񣺡ɱǶ֣
ɱҿɲˣ
ͫ͸׼Ŀ⣬ͻȻһץһϵķҵ߶

ʱƯͷȻ̵һߵǹ⣬ӷγһ󣬰汣
رƺﵽʥ߶ȣǷڵı֣¶Դնɱ棬ֲݺʥض꣬ӹʥ׷ɱԭӵ˵Ļ
˻ӲʥأʶͿĸ߶ȣ̾ϢΪ֮ϧ
ಣ
һͻȻƿն

ſָݺݵץ֮ϣ֮ˣǿͻȻ¶һ˿㵣ָͻȻ޷ץͷŵķ
ĴЦЩʲôʶһֱ½֮ϵģ̺˱ţԼֵķɣҵնɱһͨ󣬴еõˣһõôӱ׷ɱֻʣôһ飬ϧǲʥ޷ƿķ
֮УҲʲôΪߣǰ˵š
֮ǰ棬һնɱϡ
÷ҡһ䣬¶С˵


1777 ս
û뵽Ĺ
˻һ⣬Ҷȣȵڲ½֮Уĵ죬ϻеסĵط֮Уӵ壬ʼõ֮Щû뵽ʲôͳǿЦ
Ҷӿһ𶯣û뵽õ֮˶ģ˵Ϊǲ֮飬ȵʱյǵͲ㼶壡
Ǻˣ˻ӲмЦЦ·
ƣ
ķƺðɣһС࣬ͻȻǰ˾ˡ
סŭ
ʩչ˺츳˫۸չ⿪ʼһһ͹𣬳˱ըұһһ˳չָһץȥ

ƴӥצһָצ֪ץ֮ϣײ
ȴǡ֮ǰһľȻûйڲ棬ʮ㡣
ĵ⣬ŭ˺
Ϊһװ㹥
ɲɵӣװܺҲûףʱںƴٴιɲǼ䣬߶һɽᦡ
ݣ
ɽٿȻһââһΪɳ֮⣬Ϊɽᦣת裬⧲
žžž
ʱ˵ŭգȻֱȭͷɽᦣȭͷӲĶ֣һ
ǺһȭһƣɽӲӲһйɽᦵӲȣİơȭͷϣѪ
˻ӴʱɵðҡͷǺûӣǿֲʥȭͷȥԿɽᦣʥҲҰɣץס˺㣬ŭǣȻҵ
ǸҲᷴˮԽɱ֣Ҳ˵Ƿ蹷ʲô鶼ĳҶȵǼ֣ûֶΣҲӹʥ׷ɱ
µԿ֡ڰ˻ӵϣ¶˸һݵǡ
磬㣡
ڣһ
ã
£ǿĺųԷ˻֮ɽᦲδ׷ɱֻǲΧ
ܴ֪Է࣬Բ
ҹ棡
߶Ԫ̸ĺɫˮȻУһɶ೤ı棬߲ࡣ
ٿٿ
ͬʱɽᦣ

Ӷɽᦣ潻棬һδײһʱֲʤǿԼڣΪɽᦣǿ湥ѾڼӿԪ
ʵʵôǺ֣

ںɽᦽʱ治֪ڴʲộ߶ӡȻͨӶȥ
Ҫûܣ
ԭףƾŷֵֻܵսʤڻԪ߲ϲߡ
Ǹϻͷ
ҹˮ򣡣
ǺҲǴ̴߶ͨĺɫˮͻȻסͨڵĿռ䣬γһƬˮ
򣬻ǽʥĴڣ˲ٶȣ麹һʧˡ
ңɽᦵٶȣҲܵˮǯƣһЩһ¿ʼҪռϷ磬ѹɽᦡ
ˮ֮
ǿֿʼӡ

һƬˮͻȻᣬڣΪһʮɶ೤ˮһָһˮ
ಣ
Ҳͬʱӡһɽᦣ̻գ赲ڴƬˮǰ
䣡
ɽᦲΪʵ彣ˮֻһͨɣ˫ײһȻˮҪǿһЩɽʵʵļԣһδεصֵסˮ󲿷
ɱһĻϷİ˻Ҷȣò
ӳȥĻᣬԽԽ٣ȥȻᱻնɱ˻̾һ䣬ͼ·
Ҷȴһ⣺ǿԷǿȥ֮УѰұ󲿷ƷӦöˣ
ըӣ
·
ѾԵţƵû·ץŹӣȻָһ
һӣ֮С
ಣ
ӷһСһЩĺȫһӣ̳棬ֱȥ
¡
ͣ
ӣʱ䣬ӾˣһըͻȻڲĶĿ磬һž޴ĵ
̣
ΪΧǰˮ򣬸պüӿٶȣ޷ʱ׵С
ʱһ͸һսζ
ըӣҶû뵽б
ըһֹԵıǷ֮䣬ǿϵͨΪһӡΪֻ̬Ҫ߶ըӣͻᷢըڲϵͨȻ߶չ֮Уըֻһһ壬Ǵžеģ˻ΪҶȽһ
һͷ֪ɱ˶ˣЩϣõ˶ٵı
࣬ˮ
¾Ȼˣæ߶Χˮγһ޴ˮ
ըӣ
ȴ˿£ָһһӣ˳ƿն
ըӣˣԺ壬̺ˮϵ򣬶ϵ޷жԣֻ
ʱȴĻᣬըӿ϶߶Ѿȫͨ
ըӱըˣˮһܵһΣȫû뷨ֻаնɱͷ
ˮᣡ
ͻȻ˫ƶײԿʥȻΧˮγ˱֮ƣˣڴ߶ܵ棬ٶȱ֣ɽᦣҲ𽥱֮赲ٶԽԽȫû˽ٶȡ
޽
ŭһһƶȥ
֮ı㣬ݿ飬ɱ֮˺ûа취赲ʱ֮ϡ
žž
âȻࡣ
࣬ըӣڻжŭڣֱֳ棬ʱӶ
Ϸ
Ҷȿ˻ӣջǵֲʵ֮ʱѾǲ˼ˣʵվã
˻ӵͷұˣֻ÷Ҫʵֻʵſ㣬ΪҲƣ
ʥصĵӣУϤУͷڰ˻ӣֶһ࿴
ߣըӲôһķ硭β룡
Ҳ֮ܵײӰ죬ڱȥ󲿷ּɱпûа취һġ
ݡ
֮УȻһһ߶೤ϸ緢˿ı
˻һ𣬰Ҷȴβ롭û뵽ִ˵еıҲõˣֵܣβϢÿռʴɣԳ䲻⣬ɱˣһ˶µıֱ˶Ƶģϡ٣Ҫϣһδ


1778 â
ռʴɵı
β룡
ӶȥҶ˫ͫ󾫹⣬Ȼһ߳Ʒ˿һϸ룬
ռʣӵϢȻռ໥Ӧ
ɼβǺεȵĿ֮
͡
Ϊ΢ܲƴ£ıռ䣬ʲôϢᱻӦģ
֮ʱ֮β磬Ȼۣʱը˻һʧȥۡ
һΪǿĺǿʵ˷β룬ŭһ󲽿Ӷ֮ϡ

һ۷֮ʥһ
һصƣ֮ϣķ㣬ʱ˴롣
һιָѸץȥ
䱻ͷĿѣĤѪɼʱӡâ˲ָָץ棬翪ʼ㣬޷
ǽƻǿܾȵزұˣҲ裡
˻Ӵʱ·ϣһ׶ӣֶΣʶܻڣһ漣
ȷϧΪ˵ǻʥأѾΪ̫ϵӣ·޷ԤϣΪ޷Ԥ죡
һսҶֱ񫣬ͨʵԽвϲǧ򱶣ͨ硣
β롭
ƽһĳƣһβ룬繥
ֵǣٳնɱ࣡
֪β룬Ͳٿæˣץס˵ĺ߸ԾȻʩչ޷뿪
Ȼڲһ
ʲôѵкڵ棬֪նɱܣըӡβЩرùûˡ
ˣץᣬӳռ䣬֪ȻʼѰ֧Ԯ벻֮ڣк
벻Ϸİ˻ҶȣҲ벻
ȻߵҶգۣʮ޷ӦΪĺطɳ⡣
ʮȻǰһģһƤƣ׳ֱֳ棬ɷĿ⣬ճ֣ͰռΧס
磬㾹Ȼˣ
к׷׿ǱǿǶܴ㵡
ŭڵ棺СĴвٱ䲻ܽ鱣ǵǿ
ᣡ
䣬ʮһͬ߶б档
군ˣ̫ˣ֮£ôôǿĺǲʥ֮¶棬·Щʲôض°ӣ֮ͨ磬ҲôֲܹȻںʥԸ࡭
˻ȴɻӲ˸â
Ҳ
صڵ¿ռ䡣
ʱ˿̣ʮǿһڣںȫﵽʥ߶ȣ
ʮ⣬ջΪһ⣬֮ϡ
䣡
ŵĶϣ汬ըûһУ漴֪棬ӱը֮˳

ǿֱֳ֣棬沱ϣŭʧ˸߸ϵЦݡ
ռ䣬Ȼʧ
׷Χ£һɱ棺磬ɱû뵽ֵܣ˱ˣ
ɱǱǵķ̳ڽ֮УһֱȱūˣպõţǽǸ˵࣬ץ
ôնɱֿ࣬һֱǽڵĽǣ类ŵö˻ǣŵ˫ȷ
գۣͱһӵԱߡ
̳
Ϸ˻һ𺳣¶ŵı飬Ҷȴ̳Ȼںʥ֮£̳ôıôҰģ֮Уǵ
дҶȣҲͷƤ飬ּ̹֤˫һս֪ӵĿ¡
˻ֵôֲٻأ͸֮УÿζնɱǸϻ֮Уû뵽ǻģȻúʥµ⻷̳̳һ͵ǵĴӪҪԸ鷳
ҶȵͷϧֲܽȥǸʲô
ҪɱңҪɱңҿʥصĵӣ
ʱ˿̣
ŵʧȥ侲ʥأҪס
ʥأ
ȻʮΪ֮һҲ֪ʥء
ԭʥصĵӣʥʮŴҺΪУٵں⣬֮УնɱʿãǺҪｨ̳￪ʼһ͸磬ͳͳץǵ磬ǵūǵʳ
ǿž͸ǣ˺üţСӻеֵǿԵ֪ʥصʵ
Ϊʥأʮǿ磬޵Ƶģ֪һʥأǰ̶֥㲻ϣ
˻Ӳ䳰ڽǣҲʧ
־棬װƣǱõֶΣͷ¿ʥŻŪ͵ʴס
ϣ̫Ϊǣں˵ʥʲôûʥأںУһֻ˼У⸱ҪӣҶʼ硣
ǿ˵ˣͶΧӦûһЩ࣬ںع֮УǼϸϹȥһץһͳͳΪūΪھӵҪһֱͨӵĵºӵǵˣʮȥ磡
Ҫһͨĵºӵ
棬Ľǣ仰𾪵޷š
˵ˣҶ˻ӣͬһı顣
һĵ˭ҲޱߣҪһͳʮջƬ½ʧΪһƬ޾ӣǡâпܣϳΪ֮еĴ䣬ͳһǶˣԼʮ࣬ΪǵūŮӹ֣ΪūӾͳΪūΪʳ
ԭâġĿҰƺ֪âǿ
ֵܣâΨһһӲ䣡
˻ӼҶ󣬳ɻ󣬾ΪâϢ½һģޱ޼ʣжû֪ǺҲ֪ǵӣжޱߣ֪Ŀǰ˵ӦֻââΧ֧޴ӵΨһʵȻԪâʱʱ֣һѪȷ磡
ǿ󣬶ҿڡǷ̳ɹֱִͨĵºӵҶ˫ͫ
ǰ룬ǷʮȻ꣬ȻȣҲԸâ絽ʱʮиȥԡֵܣȻײıǲŶԸ桢ǣҪ룬ɹͨ˺ӵʮеˡ˻һϾؿҶȡ


1779 Ѳ
˻Ҷ϶𾪣
벻عܣҪｨ̳Ҵͨӵĵºӵһɹâǿĺ͸̲ʮûпܡ
ʮɣûˣҲ࣬³Ƕô
һ룬˹
شıҲӲܣֵܣҵӳȥϢ֪ʥأ
˻ӼϵؿҶȣ˫ͫһɴηĿ⡣
Щ࣬޴õ̵ı֪̣ͱҲ֣ɱһգǵĽҲΪҲū
·ͻȻһЦ
˴ȥȻѰعڵܷ࣬Źκһˣǿ𱦲棬ÿһ
һˣǴĻӣع
ǣǿ׳ĺߡ
Ҫ֮ʱǾȻǽķ񣬾ȻѰ˻Ҳ˳
һһʱӽǣôĹεļһǲܻųȥһ˻ϣعı֮ڣʱ㻹һ˿ᣬڶ˻ӣˣûκϣ
û뵽ֹؼʱ̣һһʥصĵӣԵø֪塣
ȫһ蹷һˣʯ٣˻ӾͶ⸽ǷŹ
ֱأǻڷط˻ߵĺ
Ҷ˰ɣһĻӣҲãʥصĵӣץסһӣǿոʮϢѰӣҲͷڣ
ǿɭɭȵʮȫͨ
ңӺ֮УӿٺЩһۡƺװ㡢ͨģҲǸ߲еĽ밵Ӱգеĸ֮ͨС
˵ıˣȻڻĹڡ˻һŭɶѽǶι
ҲҪ汳ġΪ棬ӣôںع֮УǱһѰҵڣΣϰٺڵع֮Ѱң֮࣬Ҷȵ
˻Ҳ˿ͷ֮Ҷȿת뿪
֮عȴеնɱһɫʵˮƯع֮С
ôɺã
Ȼл뿪ǺһһǸ߲񣬻һЩǿ񣬱˵˻ʧȥһֱۣ״̬ҲЩ֡
һҶȣûˡ
Ҷ򵱼˰취ӣȫնɱЩпܻδ½гڣǶԣҪҵӣԡûɻģ¶ټ󲿷ֺעϣ
ΪЩǾһ˻ӶȻԣȻҲǿҶΪҶһǿߣ򲻻ᷴԡ
ܻȥһһȻΪȥϣпܣңϣԴУ˶ѡһһףӵϢ
ϴΪҵס޹Ǽף
Ϊ£֮ãһķһЩȻǣϢ
Ȼˡ
һӣնĵͷҶ۲ݣȻĸ첲ҶҪǺıû֣֮ˡѣΪūŮˡ
ҵӲ£²˳١
Ҷȹϵתͨ󷽡
֮ʣ벻Сֵ˴ȻþÿҶʧ֮ͨУ˻Ŀž㵡
䣡
ʮ֮ͨңԶһˣͻȻ˵ıը
ಣ
͸ǽש϶˻Ӽعк·֮ͨУȷعһˣ˻ӹƿ񣬼һڷ֮Уعǰڡ
˻ӹȻֶΣû뵽ϢصֻҪӵظӦ񣬾Ͳ˷
֮ͨУ
Ҷһ£ϷһӣѾ֪˻뿪˵عȻɫ쳣侲عǰһɱת̴߶̷ٿһ
ط
׷׷׷
ֻΧͨǺһһмƵĿӣ밵֮С
̷ķ߲ȼĺٶȱһƽ߶ȣȻΪ½֮ϣں磬ٶȣһü
ںʥԨ£κηƶ޷ʹãǴǧͼҲ޷˵Ӧ꣬ʥءʥصȵȡ
ҶΨһİ취ڵعӵ֮УֻҪһ죬пΪ˻ȡ뿪عĻᡣ
Ƭ̣ͷɳͨٴλصڵĵ¿ռ䣬·һݺӵҶѡһϷºӵʱо̹ǵĺӵº֮͸Щº֪жˮʮļ
Ǹӣӵ׷
ˢˢһǰֻ΢΢ӦǾͷҶټʮ׷ȥ
ºӵʱʱҶȴ߶̷ϻưա
ͣͣ
ʱ·ºӵ֮УͻȻ˿µˮ
Ҷһӵ߿գжʮ·һΰĺڰ֮в˼ǰУٶԽԽ죬Խ˺󷽷ڰеĺ
ˮԺ赲ںˮ֮УڵؼԦˮ
ʱҶȵƾͲˣԭúӵںȴ밵֮Уӳ˵ơ
ûа취Ҷֻܼ϶ͷ϶֮УºӵЩֻиɵ۵ķݣеĺȻ׷ᣬڵĺǱ˺硣
Ҷڸӵºӵչ׷ɱ֮ʱ
ȥ˴졣
һ֮ͨУһֱֳ棬һ֮ϣǰϿϿͿԽͨĵ°رһṦ
һ߲һƤ
ɱҾͿ뿪ع
󷽡
ڷ֮еİ˻ӣǵǽڣƳɱ뿪عʱ״նɱ
öϵķҴȣõģһһʮݣֻʣ¼ݣ뼸λ磬ųر᲻ðڱʱʹõϱ
룬˻뵽¼شԼҶڵع֮δſ죬³һöη
ηӵĪ˻ӸΣȻüһᣬʱУη
ݣ
ηѸײڶ֮ƣƿռ䡣
ۣ
գ۹򣬽η޼᲻ݵƣһɹϽںոոӦʱϽѾ룬Ȼ巢һȼգΪ˻ҽ
ηҲ֮飬Ϊһˡ
ʹ֮࣬һ˻Ȼ߶УһɹţϿһˡ
ãһλֵûϢڵͨ⣬Ϲȥ
ȻϿΧ֮׳ĺ


1780 Ѫ
ɶ񡭡
ոսϿһİ˻ӣЦȻֹ
ȻϤĸʬǺ̽ͽ󱻺ɱ
һץʮӣţȻǰ
ϿţΧһĺԽԽ࣬һʮˣţûзź֪Ѿܻϣˢˢһ˰ɱһͬ׷ȥ
ü֮ʣǸոտλãʲôûеĿУͻȻʮɿµĻ棬һŻ档
Ҫ֪ҲǸ߲񣬰˻ҲǸ߲ЩȻҲﵽ߽λ߲˵Щ⡣
ֻǺĹ˼ʹһ׷򰵵һ̷С
䣡
֮Уһǽ壬һˮֱӴơ
˻ֳķˮ񽣣˳һľͷƺûг·Ϸһ̳߶е
ͻͻͻ
һ̳֮ƴϷҲ㡣
ȻһһڴĿӣ¡һ飬˰˻ǰϤ߲⣬ʱյð˻Щۣ˫ۣһһɳ죬뿪˰֮С

ʮͷĺҲ׷ϧ⣬ǾЩɵһһɳ

ɳرΧһɽɽ⴦ڣҶ˻ݵ¡
ǣǵĩղԶˡ
˻ӵΧȺɽ֮лصš
Ҫȥ׷ɱǱһ棬޵еģάֲ˶ãٶ棬½̫࣬ϴҲǸ߽λ߲׷ɱĻᣬ̫ãˣȥ
һ֣Ծ¾ڴСͨ
ˣ
ڲԶ˻Ӵһ֮վһ
һߵɽ֮ϣȻڣһЩݺţ֪Ǻʥһ֮ϡ
ȡһƣҧָдһģֳ֣һע֮Уһڴ֮С
һУ˻ƺֵܣϣ㼪ܻ࣬Ұ˻ӱȻΪԼˡ
ңԶʥأ
ʮû˲֪һΪʥء
ʥƯھ֮ϣأʱޣʥΧ
ͻȻ䣡
޿ʼܵţ׷׷֮С
ಣ
ʥصӣһŷɳ磬֮ϣ˫ü֮ɫû뵽Ȼںʥı
̾̾תÿӣм𲻿һĵӣҲһǸ߲ϲҲв٣ûһв
ţںʥһȺڵ£͵ںӵͨӣγһֱӵԺʥΪ̳ΪӪȻʼڴеӣǳΪȷ棬һϵʥſһӣϵ˵һ
ÿӣΪֻһ£ȴû뵽˴£һ˭ϲ𺳡
ŷǰٵӣԸ߲ٶȣȫʥ
ˡ
ͬʱʥأһϡԶ
ʥ
ӵݺύĵ磡
ʱҲˣЩپȥ뿪ȥ˻ӻϡ
һѷ֮зɳǰһӵ֪Ҷȸոճ֣Ӻˮ֮УðǼҶȣͷëȻĽҶȾ͸ӦΧдĺΧ
ץסʱ߶̷Ҷӿһ϶֮УǱʯһЩ̦һҶȴʼ̷ǰ⣬Ȼ߶Ԫֽһ϶
ոʧʮʹӷ϶ٷӶ׷ǼϢȥȴ޷Ҷȵڡ
Ⱥ뿪ҶȲֳһȻؿΧ˿Σ֮ɫ߶ǧͼˣ
Χȥû˴ڡ
ǴǧͼΪ֮
ɳ϶һӵطֻͨعͨп뿪ع
ºӵȻܶ࣬Ҫҵһ̫ͨͨܣֻԭ·ء
ʥ֮ʱҶȴδκκأ󲿷ֺæȥˡ
벻һ˲˼࣬ǰ
ȥ˳ǣȡ
ʧʧ
˵Ҷ֮ǰѾᣬװ׿Ǵͨۼǽ뱦⣬涼ûкǶæѰӣѰҵһʱ޷Χġ
ȻЩðգҶȻǹϾ߶ǧͼ뱦⡣
ӭǸʯƷƷ࣬ȻٲƷʯɲðȡЩʯƹʯѻɵʯСɽǰ⡣
ʵһʯؼ鱦ʯԼһЩΧĺ
ѪһҪнѪ
ʯؼ鱦ʯЩ̫ͨʥֻһ֮ͣõġ
Ѫ
ѰȴҲСҶѰһ飬δֽѪȻͷŸӦѪȻӵǿҵϢӹӦġ
ˣ
ȻҶȷһɲͬѰϢķһȷϢڱϷ
ǰѱ飬ǰһֱһ׵ιŵƣûл棬ʵȼյģһװΣҶϸϸֵ̨룬ɻ֮еϣʮСʯӡ
ӿͨҶһץģӣȻ΢΢߶Ԫ
̣
ʯ㣬ʼ룬Ȼ¶ѴСѪӣûʯڵѪ͸ŶĿѪ⡣
ѵǽѪӣ
дһʱ뵽ݣ䱦Ѫûеõͱ뱦ʱĽѪѪӣȻǺڵ̨֮УԤ⣬к֣˵ǺгǸҶϢгӦҲ޷õѪӣ
ѪӿԷѿɽѪζţҶȽѪӣɳΪѪ
ˣﵽſԴԲʱֲһЩΪԴϴȥ̻ᣬʲôû뵽ѪӣǿҽϲʱֲԴ֮УΪӵнѪԴ
䱦ȻҪֵõʺϵĵطļֵ
񵤣
ֱӷã
ȻǳýѪӣֻгΪԴýѪԶΪڲķӳѪӵá
ҶȵǲΪϲڴѪںϽԴᵮεȵıԴ
ಣ
ʱͻȻӱ֮⣬ӿʮϢ
ҶȸӦֱȻϽҪ뿪ʱȴֱ󷽣һҲӿϢһ֮ǰǸǿĺϢ
ǰǺҶûа취ˣڶߣпܱǷֻ֣С
ö룬ҶȾ󷽣һЩɵԣͷųһЩͬʮԵϢ·ںһ
ҶȼһԺ󷽣һܷͷЩ뿪뿪⣬ȥ˻ӻϣ
ŵŵţ
ţʹӱ֮⣬صĽŲʮֳơ
ʮֱֳ棬ɱŭ뱦֮УһԵôͷɥûҵӣ


1781 ͻλв
ݲ˿⣬һ뱦⣬Ҷȴ߶ǧͼоһ֮еĳΧһЩϢΪαװ
ͬʱӺ󷽰ͷߣ潻ֵǿ˶
⣬ʮǿ̴žη뵨ӡ
ǰƺ֪
һսս߳ˣǸӣʵǽƻҲϢһСҲϢ뿪˵ع
һȺ
ǿһŭɭɭĿ⣬ÿڲ֮࣬ȻһӶ޷ץ̸ǿ󣬻Ǽ¹ȫ˵ǲǷȻˣǵĴڣͻᱻ֪Ŀǰ֪֪֪ǵļƻ֮ǱȻعڴֵܣһھͨԼ֮ͨУأھͰѱеıͳͳߣ
ǣ
ںʵӦ뿪˱⣬ڱȴš
Ǻ溦è
ҶһƵ˵һͷȡȻõѪӣû뵽ֱ±֮Уȥá
ʥӰȻ⼸죬ͻۺʥأһǼڵ磬ȸµعʱ뿪Ҳ١
ûõİ취룬Ȼ޷뿪⣬ֻʱ󷽰ĵ磬Ҹط
Ų֮ͻɱ
ǱȻģºˣ˭Ҳ˯ȡ
ǿ´֮󣬾м뿪⣬Ȼ󱦿ʮʼƻбҶҲû󷽰
뿪⣬߹ǰһӾ޴ӵݺύĿռ䣬ǰƺиӴĿռ䣬ҲһϿ
ΧǺӵҲûκͨϢʮֺ䡣
ҶƯϷ𽥷ЩӵڲȻʯڵģмͷֻϲʵĺǱںӵ·Ϣ𽥷ǰϿռԽԽ
һʱУҶȾͼʮһĵº棬һΰĵع
عͬĽֻһּΪƣع඼úʵɣԵһƬࡣ
عģһ޴ݿǡ
⵹񷲽֮еĵ¹ǡݳǡ
˸оڡ
һǣ͸ɭɭ
ҶȼȥԽԽ࣬ԭǱڰ֮£Ӻ磬ϳһʯʯԼһЩˮֲݿڲռ䡣
̳ĽţҶȸӦɸӿµϢݿ֮дпܾʥ񼶱ĺ
ҶȸСģϿϿշɹ̳ǰȥӦǰӭһϢ
ǽӽУ;Ҳдӵһкأں棬ʱʱһЩʬ塣
Ȼһºӵӵľ޴ѨҶǰʮֱ߶Ҳ࣬ʮأʱʱ࣬޴ʯѣӵض֡
ضǺھͨҲһˣǷҲкھͷС
һ캧ˣâ򵥣̫ˣȻ˴Ḷ́Ȼ֮нС
ҶҲܲЩΧӵݺύ°ӣȻ벻ӵڣҶҲ޷뿪ҵһĺӵ˹ȥ
ӵ죬Χȫǻˮ
ǰ֮Ҷӵϵһӵռ䣬ΧѾûκεĺҲԶ˺̳ĵطҶѰһᣬһǽϣҵһ϶
֮󣬱㿪һѨʩչ󷨣Ϣ
굨սľصӣҶȴʱ˿̣ڿɿɼ񵤣ĵڿٻָš
⼸ֻ꣬Ԫ棬ûжģ֮ǰѴﵽĽλ״̬ʱҪָٴδﵽ״̬û°磬λв
ʵԴȱ٣ֻһʱ䣬Խλֻʱ⡣
ǵ磬ؾȻڣֻǱ棬΢΢ҶȵٶȣҲ㹻ˡ
졭ʥصڰ˻֪ͨ£ӦûңʥһȷϢ٣ȻȻȻɳ߲㣬ȥʥؾۼ¡
ȥȥҪɱ磬ܻڰµһ£Ҷ룬ʱͻƣѲ⡣
ˣ֮ǰõĺɫӣô
ϻָ֮ʣҶҲûʲô飬뵽ţĻߣõöɫӡ

ɫӣҶȵģϸϸһΧصƺۣʲô⣬Կ϶ӣλȻҶҲ߶Ԫӷ
ڵʵ޷λı

棬ĸġ
þã߶ԪԴ߶ƣȻǿƣסҶȵһöϵȷʦ˵ĪıҶҲзҶôǺܴ
£Ҷʱʱõϡ
˿̣ͯϵϤĴˣ԰ūūʵһʱ󣬻ƿĽƣ
ѽˣ
̾Ͱ֮С
Ҷֽ䣬ͨ壬˲񵤣ǧö񵤣ְ콣Ľ֪֮󣬾ͨع鱾
ΪԪѲˣ
ūϢϷرԶĵطȻǰ˻ٻˣ
Ӧʱʱ̿յ¿ռϢȻһϤϢ΢شӸ߿͸Ҷȷǵū
ǰ˻뵶ūϡ
ƿҶҲʼ߶еԪᷨӡȫԪ׷ӿ֮С
ĿԴԱߣһƬԪ
ҶȲᷨӡԪԽСеԪ˽֮УҲûκεԴ
ٿٿٿ
Ҷȼӿ˽ӡٶȣԽԽ죬ԪСٶȲϼӿ죬ӡӿԪ֮С
ᣡ
֮Ҷƿзӡ˫һϣӡԪԪȻΪһߴС
ˣ
Һܿ찲Ϊ˼̵Բ״̬
Դɹ
žžž
ͬʱ˴飬ȽĽλʱ붯Ҫü
༡⣬ˣһЩҲʼ˺ѡ
ΪλвôţҶصʽ֮УҲΪһ߼ӣһλĵӡ
߽вصֲһ
뼸£͸ϻʥأһ£ȥ֮áФϣӦûʣһȥ΢΢˽ͣΪͻˣȻ⡭
صʥأĵλֻ֮߳һЩӢӣĵӣ̫Զ
һ֮ӭ顣
Ҷʹ֮󣬴оȻӦϢȻһȻʿϢȻ࣬Ȼʥظĵӡ
Ҷһʯ뿪عǿܣǿ϶
߶𣬼飬񵤣֮ǰᵽʶħĻЩʵǵһܻӵʵԺָ鷳ҲԽ


1782 ʥţ˧
Ưھ֮ϵʥأ
ڲһɽ㳡ۼŲۣͬʮСС԰ټ֮
ЩͬԸʥأҲԸš۹һЩҲ֡
㳡룬ٸ߲ڼҵţⶼǺʥпɼʥسФĪʥصĲطԼֳϵȵȡ
Ĺǣʥʮ߲㣡
λӰЩ̫ϵӣҲڹ㳡
ţ
ʥ
뵺֮⡣
͡
һٶʥصӣɼһ꣬һ֮ϡ
ޣﵽϲ񡢸߲ޣ׷ײɼ֮£ɼʣһƬƬ棬Լʬ塣
󵨣ںʥ޵磬ɱǿߣ
֮УɭʧͻȻһʥزмǰ֮УͻȻԾһࡢˡ
ҡǿߣ
ӴԺ󣬺ʥ޵£
ͻȻһţ֪ʲôʱ򣬾޺󷽡
ۣ
ֻһƣԴһ顣
ʲôʱޣ˴ʥظǰһУû
ʥءԭʥظ֣࣬ΪҪռĺʥ֪ʲôʱһŮ롣
Ůĳ֣ǰʥظ֣ȫо˿ѹ
ȻŮʵ֮ǰλޣǿ󣬶ǿĳ̶ȣһǰ㡣
Ů֣ŸֶŮ˵ǲ壬ǡǰΧɱ
Ůһ
Ҳʥأʥء̫ʥءʥءʥءĴСˣЩΪӪȻʥǿߴʱ䣬òҪ෢ĦһСΪƽأţŮ֡
ŮЦٺȡѪİɣҿɲһף
ƲԳԷơ
һɡӵ첻֪һʱմ
ʥڶ֮У˻ҲУȻ֮Уһ̫ϵӣ𺳵ϲ˧ʦ֣
˧ʦ֣
ʥصӣһ𾪡
ʦ꣬˵ȻѰҳΪʥԵô
˴£ʦΪʥŴȻҲܵٻʥնɱ
Ӷ˽
ˡ
һ꣬ȥʮӣ˫벱ԼϣһȦ̫䣬µĺӡɼ˳겻½ߣ֮Уһ
ŮƳӣһӵòЦǿߣ
ҵΪŮ߾ߣʥشѻظڶ飡˧Ȼݲȵ
ŮȻ˧üһģӢȴĿˣ֪ߵغǺʥʥأǵ䣬һΣִʮ䣬ûвμӣҪԴ˾ֺ
ϴ£μӣһʥĶ֣Ȼ㲻ͱҲ
˧˵̼꣬ƤֳһĻɫâ
ѵʩչʥأµġ塯Ů˧ֵ仯¶𺳡
һŮ
˧һȻ֪ʥصһ塯
ŮЦЦм䳰³׳ʥĿһУ˭֪ǵľ壬ʥصһʥһϵġԶŴս֮Уõһ챦һСתΪ壬תԽ࣬ʵԽɲ⣬һӣȻ壬ʥصĲŵӣ
塭
һٶʥصӣд󲿷֣ŮһۣȻԵú𺳡㵣ƺδԼʥ֮Уйһžͨ
˻ʮӣƺ֪ͨԵú⡣
죬ҾҪһ£ŮһץһɳâʱΪһʴΧϵɡ
ٿ
˧ĺȻһ
һͷŻɫ⣬ΪȻﵽʥΪŮӶȥ

ŮٿȻײУ趯ʴγһƬУµʥΧռ䶼𶯡

˧һƣɵĲʴ֮ϣһ֮ϯΧѷ浺죬Ȼ֮һ̼Ĩ촷ۣ𺳰Ĳˡ

˧ƤڣĿĻɫ⣬ָצһץץڲʴС
˼һĻˡ
Ůмһֹʱ˧ָ֮¡һͰѲʴץ飬ָȼŻɫ
ͣ
˳֮£˧ȼյĻɫʵȻ˼ָٴһץŮ㵣ץķһץţʱը˱ץķѡ
һʥ񣬻񣬾ôһУ˧֮¡
Ӧʥأһ֮¡
ʦ䣡
ʥеӣһ𾪣Ϊ˧ź
ŽʥһλŮ治öϣո˾ҡ˧ָȻϢʧһš
ƺ𾪣˧ʵԷǰʱָŵ·һλʦܣżȻʥ֮£âĺ޽̳һͨӵĵºӵԴ˽
ϣɵõȷϣ˧ʵ˫ͫҲ𺳡
ȥһˣѾȷϣ
һλʦֵܷģ
һĵӣΪ˻ӣΪ
˵꣬תʥص֮Уһ
˻ӶʱӶۣһ룬һƣѾָʵҲָ߰˰ˣɲǼʹ𾴣ǰ
ڵһһʦֻ֣˻ӡףȻʾ֮£ӷ׷뵺죬ʼ󷨡
ҪӪ
˻ӿһ˧а̾ʥ̫ϵ֮Уŵĵ֮һ˧ܣٲȻĸ磬ȵģ£ˡʥصУ
룬͹˧ʩȻľ󲿷ֶȻУȾһЩɫʣǶôһ潻֣սٻغϣڵعȫ˵˳
˧һֱţ֮һ̾桭˸ոʥ֮ʣüʥأ˵߽λΪﵽʥʵĺսغϣЩӳ
˻ӵϧ˺ֻ֮֡ǿϧ˽ʦ֣Ȼݺ£ϾͬţҲ߻һУҲ޷ֺıʦڵ칬ֽʦ֣һҪ
ĹΣ˵磿ְ࣬һҵҪŴʥشãɲôףļ壬йصˣܣټʥأ
⡭˻һУȻҲֵøˣǽǣǽн̫ӣܵǣ
һУʵʮְָѷֺıԭίһֲĵųͷǡ


1783 
һ¡Ȼȥ
ʥ硣
ӵݺһ¶Ѩ֮Уͨ²ϵ飬ոҶѾ˳̤λв񣬵ԴԱĿԴͬ
Ԫʮ
ҪüޣҪڵºӵǿԪ
˼һᣬ񵤴ЧǺܿ죬ЧҲʶħĳ֡
Ψһİ취ϰ취ʬ
֮Уɱʬ壬һϲһǸ߲񣬳ʬ壬ߵ޵ʬ壬ĩʬ廹㡣
̾һϲɱʬ壬λΪպһϲ㹻գһһ߽λϲ
߶ץʬͷ­֮ϡ

ԷѪ⡢ԼԴͬ˿Ƶģϵش룬Ҷ֮УʬҲϻΪʬ״̬
죬߽ϲʬ壬׻Ϊ촷ۡ
˿Ҷȵľ֮Уһϲڷڣ̽⿪ӡӾ֮бɢҶڡ
ӴʱϲһһΣ߶̫һеԪ׷ױڻҲѪɡ
ʼںϲܿʱ䣬նͳԪ˶̵ʱ䣬ҶȾͿﵽλ״̬
ͬʱһֵӡ֮Ƕ֮ϴ߶
֮ڵͲͨʿıһǿߣһ䣬ſɵıڷ硢ɽ硢磬֮󲻿ܵõı
Ȼ󲿷ˣҲ޷ն֮
Ҷȵ׵ԭɶ֮ҲֲµıԴ
ҶȿʼԼ󷨡
ಡ
պÿʼͻȻӶѨ֮⣬ӵ󷽣һͬѰĿռ䲨Ȼ˻ˮ
к
ѵǺˣ
ܣҶȸӦϢȻǺǺˣΪӦԱ仯Ǵ߶ǧͼѨԱߣںڰ֮У·ӵ
һֻһֻ꣬ˮ棬Ӻڰ֮У̳ȥҶȸɿͻȻһ𾪣Ϊںӹ֮ϣȻվһˡ
ҶԷǺϢϢ
ࡢһ
ֳºӵ
ҶȲ𾪶ܣָӦ˵ΪȻӦκεϢȻΪٴﵽ
һ£ǵȺӹ뿪˵һ࣬ǿܵ飬ǵס档
ʹߣǰҪ̳֪δʲôϢ
ͻȻӹ꾹Ȼ˵ˣԵʮֲϡ˻ơ
ϸһӹ뺣겻һĺڴ̣ʮַ
˵ˣҲûʲôϢҪУ̳Ҫ˵ϢҲУ
˵󣬾ͳĬһʱ䣬ʱ䣬վںӹ֮ϣ뿪Ҷȵߡ
ں󷽣ҿߣһЩĻ˵Ҳһջ񣡡
һ𣬹ϵ˲򵥣ʲôɸ˵ܡ
˼һҶȻ¶ģ뿪Ѩ߶£Уоˮжຮ䣬ˮҶȾںǧ׺󷽡
һᣬ˵شһ˵ĺӵٶȽչǳ֮죬һ꣬Դ֮ͨ˺ӵӣ
һ̫꣬ˣǺͿʮ̳ʿͿԽ֮УϢӹͳĴЦ
һЭʮףڻ֣Ҳף
˵̳ҲغһĴ£âкܴ

˳Ĭˡ
Ĵ£Ҷһʱ䣬ͷƤ顣
Ȼջ񣬺̳Īǻʲô飿һϤܣʮ˵̫شˡ
𣺡ʹҲ֪Ǵģ
ǰӣҶһλعϵô仰ӹʵӺĻش
ֻһʹߣȻ޷֪˵˼̳һɹǺ壬âһͿʮչȥ̲ʮһ磬һʵҲ֮仯˵пܳǵâ˵Ц
ҶȾͼǰǺ̳ٿʯԣһ͹İʯӺֻ̳ݿǰķ̳Χָĺ
ʱǿĺ֣ӭˡ
ոտͻȻתһɨӹ꣬һץָͬһ㣬ץ˺ӹԿ֮ϡ
۵һ
ָذѺӹԿǶץһƣԴ飬ĺӹʬ壬ӵ֮С
һȺ˶֣Ȼûһȥʣֹ
ɱڣѵǺղǸ⣿ʹ߲ɱҶȿľû뵽Ļ־ɱС
ӭʹߣ޲ӭ
˵﷢¼
תһɨʵͫ͸â
ǿһʵػش𣬰֮ǰ¼ǰ˵˸Լ˻룬Ҵʥصۺʥصʵ
ž
˵꣬˾һƣǿϣȹȥһѪָӡŭǾһȺòںʥͨʮŬŴﵽĹģǡ
˻һûһҿ
˵ʲôˣɱЩҷһʲôݣʲôı
ԶӵҶȿһĻԺ⣬һһԽǾúδıƺʥʼֻǱɽһǡ
ֻϧΪºˣ֪ı
ټ֣ȻѾˣҪ׼չɱܰװ׷Ļҵ
ŭһ˦֣ݿǷ̳ͷĬĬظȥ
Ҷȴ죬ϧʲô̫ңԶӵһ˽һˡ
ڵ˶һԼһٶ࣬Ǳӵ֮С
Ҫ޷ԸʹҲҪȥʮжǿ󣡣
һ´ݿǰһתһƾʧӰ١

Ǵսһ
ҶѪӿû뵽̤ûãҪսؼⳡսǼ֤ˡ
ҶźӵǱ˶Ѩ֮С
˵ĴڣʱҲ˵ȥǵ֪ǵı˵ȥҲֻֻţ
ϸһþô֮С
ʮǹĴ½һƣǹͨɽ̫пܱץסڹ˽ӵսҶעǴ˻Ϥıʱ
һ¹ȥˡӦþҪսϾҪҲ뿪ʱˣսһս֪ٵĺʬ壬ʵһξõĻ᣿
ȻеǷ˲ƣҶĿǰ˵ʵΪֻҪʵҪĺʬ塣
ͬ࣬ʬ̺ܴռҶȴвϲò˶꣬ϲﵽ߲Ҳֻʱ⣬ﵽֻҪõʬ壬Ҳǲܡ
ˣūƽĽơʱͯϵһֱ˼֮еҶȡ


1784 ս𱬷

ϾڴʱҶ˵ҲôҲһϵԺ棬ػõܴ
̷֮С
ͯڵпռ䣬ȴҶȵ
ҶȽͯǰʱͷųһɵĺɫʱʱȵȼ
֮̽С
ɲǼ䣬·һڽɫ磬ռһֱȼŲʮֿ£ѾƿƣҶȽУѾڽյĹʣﵽҶ޷Կġ
ռ֮УӵһĴ·Ǻڰޱߵ磬ͻȻӿֶĺ¥͸Ʈء
֮УִҲûʴɣĺڽ𣬻ȻɣγͬȵĻϢ
ںܿտֻһЩΣΧҲûʲôƫϷһЩԼؼ
ԭˣҲһ˻ߣΪˡ
ͨöҶҵһϢֻǴἰĹȥ
ϲһ㣬һؼ֮ϣ¼ռ䣬ǺڽΪڡǵһˣһŵأõıԴ
һĵطһֹȼֻҪϢĴڣԱӦ߶ԶϢ
ǲ񵤡кܴôǷ𲻵ӵлӵǡǡأպ
ؼȫ˽⡣
ؼǰˣоĵãоΰںΪԴ
ǲܵģ
ؼϵĵãóһδʵ飬һδʧܣҪһ㣬Ϊӵ̺ģҪںڣҪҪһ㣬һڣβȼڵ
һǶ˵ڣɵɱΪȼմ
Է٣
ˣδɹҲΪźܳɹ䣬ںԴңʵȻԽˣΪž
оĵãûжټֵٶҶ˵
δ飬ԭ򣬺ܾܿԭҪʶʮѡ
޷ΪԴҲ˵һܣ̫һıԴ磬ڣֻԴ֮УΨһ취ҲԴΪӡ磬ӡһ
ؼϸϸζǰøոյõŽѪѪӣһõ籾Դ𣬽ϲҶʮڴһںԴﵽϲʵֻǿࡣ
ռûı뿪ռ֮ɳ񸮣һѪ֮ϣһһȻŹƽⲿȼյҲʧˡ
գ۾ͻָ֮ǰͨ״̬ӡ
ֱӴϣȻƤںϣκӰӣӴֶһŹҲǷ
ٲ鿴ͨһϲڴﵽλв״̬״̬
Ǽڷ
Ҷ֮ʣʥ֮ϣȴ췭ظı仯
ޣŴڵʥշɳ˷󣬳ȺӷԲͬ
ͳͳһ浺֮ϣһ磬죬ʥصӣڽķѲߡ
죬󣬿ʼɢޣԸԸ⣬ҲΪС
ʦ㣬ʥأһһǧӣФ֣Լ߲˶
֮УϰٴССֲڲͬĶ󷨿ռ䡣
ռ࣬һռڡ
ФĪϣԼʮ߲㣬ֿ·ʮ̫ϵӣλӰ޶С
ϷʥغĵĹ£飡
һ磬㷢磬ʱʱﶯӵг
ĪһۣĬϵصͷʥҪһ㣬ǲϣʥصӣйκδɹ̳ǿ߶ǺܾˣʥأҪӣԼ߲룡
Фŵ֮ǰϸϸͳһ£Ѿﵽٷ֮ʮˣԸʥ·ĺѶȲ󣡡
Ҳˣʮʥأ·ܹʣһЭǣҪ־񣬺֮Уʥ񼶱ǿߣҲָӿֲǿУ
âŷڳÿ˶оǿʵѹȣФĪϣΪ飬Ҳ
Լһʱ
ʥؽǧӣɳ󷨣Ȼ·Ҳ̷ɳ߿ۣԼĪнˡ
纺ȥ֮󣬲Ҫ뿪ΪʦߣΪ壬ᱻ׸Ӧ뺣УǱץߣΪʦȲ㣬Ϊ
ʥض֮У
߸ϵϹŶȻΪʥشߣǸոճΪӵ纺Ů˿档
纺ͷ
δҪ㳤ʶ˽⣡˵һ䣬ȻͲٿڣŶʥӪҷ
ʥǰ
ֵܣһ¡
˻ӽվǰʮŵӣ˧Ϊģ˻ĸҲС
һǰţһɨΧӪƺˣ˧̫ϵӣҪСģĪҪ⣬ڹ˵ʥأʲô
ǣϣеӹش
λͬɱΪȷ棬һ
תĳ֣õͷ𾴵Ŀ⣬ȻʮĴ
˻ҧأ̷ǰһ졣
ʱ·׷׸ȥΪ׳ۡ
Ͽգ˻ӾͶ׼һɽͷպиĵĶڣʱӰͨĵعڡ
һ̫ϵܵ˧ʾ⣬Ӷ˫ֽӡֳֳһŰ˻Ĵ·ߣһȥ
䣡
˰ɽͷȻһʱһϵͨԼмﳤǰ
ʬһ֣ò

˧һӣŰ˻ӣ׷ͨÿһ·̣ͰϷرͨƿҲΪԽԽʮǰС
ɽһ¶ͨ
лأ
֮ڣΪʴһֿ¾綾
ܿ죬ɽͷڲͷ˱ը
һ̣ա
䣡
ֹһᣬһըʱдûнͨһ鶼ʮֽš
ɱˣ
Ѩ֮Уһ𶯣ҶֹͣУͻλִ˼ġ
纵Ϣ
ͻȻҶȸоһϵϢȻ߶龻֣¶˾ϲԭ纺Ҳ硣
ͬʱҲӦФĪ˵ϢԼλӰ̫ϵӣҲӦˡ
ʱ뿪Ǳ̳ɱ֮Уռʬ壬οʵɱ䣬õĻᣡ
Ȼ˺ûᣬ֮󣬴߶ǧͼһΪһ޵ǳâɳѨ


1785 ռʬ
ӽع׵ϿϷ
ֶΡ
ʮ꿡ܣƯѶѵϷŴڴܲһˮ
˧Ϊ֮УΪҫ۵Ĵڣ
һΧʥص̫ϵӣ˧ԴһͨǽǵɫɫĹŴͨǰĲ
䣡
̫ϵӹΪɱú𶯣ȻҲ׿Ժģ˿

Щ̫ϵӺ󷽣ǧ߲񣬼һһФĪһĳϸ߲£ͬʱͨ
ǧӣں󷽵ȴʧɱع֮С
˾˹Ͽ𶯣Ϸ׹ʯ£ֻݣƺر㶼һӺ
⣡
ۿκϻҪƾͨͻȻ֮ڣһɺ
ŴӾŴͨʼռ䲻ϵӿһĵˮĵطʼֺһһ죬γһƬ㣬ѩ׶͸ƴذʵ
ʥصİţ룬̶֣Сɱ֮
ɱɱɱ
Ȼ֮䣬ű֮죬ϿҪΪһƬ磬ӾŴͨȻӿһ죬ֱֳĺǾǿ̫࣬ٶʵȻҲ߳ࡣ
һ֮࣬ɱӶ̲סһں
ì
˧ĺȻһ
Χ̫ϵӣһȣȫĴڡ
˧˫ֳһԽɫì޵ս޵Уһǰ˫ֲϵػӶһµĳìʱͰǰһͱһ۷Ƶģֱ˧һţ͵ϿԨ

̫ϵӣҲǳصģҶĴڣԴ󲿷Ǹ߲ĺӦпռ䡣

ֻһṦʮȻ̫ϵնɱ
ʣµĺͻȻӡ忪ʼûȻʮ󲿷ֶǺзһǺϺ
ֳ֮ӴѾռϿһռ䣬һɹɱ磬趯ǯӣֻ𣬷˷Ƶģɱ̫ϵӡ
ƶʱ˱仯
ûʵӲޱȣһ̫ϵӿʼƵûʲô취ֻһ̫ϵӣ߶ͨ˵Ȼ˧ּģȻʮ֮ڣնɱһֻ
ǰ֧Ԯ
߲㣬ʱӪ
ǧ󣬻һ£ƴչᣬ˳ȥ̫ϵӣΧȻ˶ڣǲһμӲҲֲһεĹžкʼ䣬һһ顣
ˣ
ع֮У
ǧԴ
ֻ֮ǰܻ桢ǵǿϷվһλī۴Աߡ
ī۴߽ɣһڽɫƬǣҲʮֹ죬ʮֵ޳°ͼģȴǰƤϣһѪ˫ͫɭɭ
Ȼǵع֮У֮еĴ󽫣
սΣī۴󺺶Թµһʵ
ش𣺡һһ̫ϵǰ棬ĵӵӦĹ󷨣һδιǵһȷ棬ܵʧ
ҪЩȷ涼ҲһЩ֧ձϺзֻҪܼһʱ䣬ѴˮλߣսôͲǵĶ֣ӣһҪֵһʱ䣡
󺺻ӻ֣·վȥֿԱߵǿӿΧİӣˮλǺ壬벻ˮҪʱʱ̿ˮܼ֮ȫ
ǿ˼ӿжˣԴǰඨᱻɱöף
˫ͫĺ⣺Ȼǲ䣬ȻâһһֱҪΪƬӵİμƻҲչĵһһʵǺʮΪУҪȡ취˵ЩˣˮλһǣսȻߣЩСǺ壡
˵꣬ǿŴ󲿷ֺ뿪ع̳ȥ
̫ǿˡī۴󺺣ﵽʥ񣬶Ǹ߽λʥʵֲֺֻսսʥ᳹׳Ϊ桭
һӰ֮Уһӵī۴󺺴Ŵ뿪
ӰҶȣϴӺ̳Ǳ˭˻δɱع
ղž̳ʱǧĺǧ߲һ룬Ҳв١ⳡսܳһʱ䣬кں鼸ӵ£½صºӵҪˮλǣﵽһ߶ȣսʱúˮսӿ£
ҶȻͨعмٸ߲еĺʵﵽڻֻеȴ
Ӧ纺ǰԶϿϧĻƣģֻеȴ
ء
Ȼ˾
ŵѪζ˰ɣ
޵ʶܸӦҶһ뷨ǶˣҡСβͣƻһСϴСһһЩغƣɽʱֻһСȦ
͵ĺûᣬҶȸոͬ⣬СβһڣʹٺǰֱӴعڼҽսϿ
ٶȣԼȼԦռҶĪ
ȥ죬ҶȾͷˮλڼǣͨʮɸ߶ȣֻʣɣҲϵӿ
ֹһʱ䣬ˮȻ͹ʼӿͨع֮󣬺ˮѵ֮ƣϵǸߡ
عһ룬ٺͳͳǱˮ֮УٵϿ
ˣҶҲڿع󷽣Сʱ֮ڿϿӭһɹɱըˡ
ʩչǧͼһˮˣһ϶֮Уһ׹ϿϿѾΪһƬݺսǧٻΪĺǵˮλս
ͬʱҶȾͷ纺ͨ纺ҲܿӦҲ˻ӽδμսǱλֱţ󷽻мǧδս֮С
ޣ
ˮˣ׹ϿԨаµİӣ͸ӦˮУܺʬ塣
ҶҲûʼ߶£ϴǧͼսƣϢһߺʬ壬ռһ
ϿµİˮλҲڲǣǴﵽϷˮƽ棬ЩȫúˮսѾԼˮˮгս֮С
һЩԲͬʬ壬Ҳڰ֮УҶʬ壬Ѻʬ޵ǺܲԸ޷ΥҶԸֻʵͽʬ塣
ʬһ߽һߣҶ֮УѾжʮߣǸ߲񣬻ûȼĺʬ֡
ôʬ壬ҶֻǴ룬̤ϲ񣬽ռĺʬ壬߲ĿܣҲܴˡ
ʥظ߲㣬ŵԣΪϲӢӣұʦΪµӣʱһõʥشԼʵ᲻ϵˮǴߣʱҲҪ취Ϊٶ֮죬Ȼ˵ĲԼ죬鷳
Ϸս˿ҶûйϵΨһͷǳûռĺʬ壬ս룬Ҳ޷롣


1786 λв
սڼֹȥ˼죬Ҷֻռʮߺʬ壬֮ǰõģһʮʬ塣
ͣϿսˮλѾףսҪܳʱ䣬ʱҲ޷ռĺʬ壬ûٽλȻٻռ
룬ҶȾµĴ㡣
ûȥޣηḻͣȻ߶ǧͼźˮ˳ֱ£ֱҶȾͷɳˮ棬Χӵˮλӵˣˮλǡ
һӵ룬һѨʩչ󷨣Ȼ߶¯ʼһ߸߲ʬ壬ֱպ
ͬʱϿս
һȻصϢһ滻
һʥظ߲㣬ۼոմսˣһٶƣ˻뿪˲ãнǧ֣Ͽ
ֵܣϣ㸣󡭡
˻Ȼûвμսܵ˱ʱһսƣһ뵽ҶȵİΣϧһʱ޷عϿΧս
ˮλǣżȻ
Ա߲Զ
ţۼʥءŵĸ߲㣬Ԫá̫סطФĪȵµʮˣϿ·ˮλѾֻʮҸ߶ȣˮλǣͷŸӿֲĺˮ
ʥصİţƺſˮλǵԭɫϱöš
ФǺԤıսԣֲһֱҪҷԭúˮ࣬ǵʱռƣǷǳ
ϿûоͷʩչͨҲ޷ȫסһ߲㣬뵽ͨ취
ϿҪɲһ¡
ʥسԪãʱ˫һƣˮλǵ࡭µǣûعｫΪˮ磬ǲˮս
ˮ磡
½£Ǻ£ˮ£Ǻ֣
̫ʥس̫׺Ȼʥذţžʵ֣ʥأˮϵ
šᡯһƽɢȥĪ̫ʦܵ˼һˮϵЩˮλ׷ռ䣿

Χ߲㣬ƺ뵽ɵ÷
ʥأˮϵǺ٣ա洢ϡ٣
һ߲ˮλ̫˼飬ǾôգҲˮλȥҺ뾡취ˮλǡһĿĴﵽΪˮ磬Ҳֻܻص棬취ӡʥߵһһ󹤳̣꣬޷ӡģϾӾˣ
վһФ˫üȻһϲ˵Ҽǵáʦ㣬ϸԪ֮ĩõһˮϵ𣿺ˮƿ
ȷ£Ԫ֮ˮƿʥһϡ᲻䣬Ŀʥسϣطϡ
Ŀ֮У֮ɫһݸӵĹƺ꣬ʥؼ飬һֱڻ
ĿҲ৿ȥ
ط΢΢֮󣬵ףʦȷӵˮƿ֣λҪʹ
²˳٣ͬ⡣
طһӡһ̫ϵӣͨ
ֻʮ
ಣ
ٻӰһӶôӾͷһӾΪ˽Ͽ
ͷһ⣬纺ٶ
ط˵ʦ㣬Ǵ˼Ҫˮλڰ֮£һ棬ʵߣһˮλѵعûǾֻ뿪ڵ취ԸǣҪ߶ˮƿ
󲿷ָ߲㣬Ϣסֻʥصİšᡱ䲻ȡ
غ£ҲԵһ
شӦˣʾ˺һЩȻƯϿϷһУһԼһ߸ߵɫƿƯ֮ϡ
ƣǬ跨
һھָһ㡣
ɫƿɳ̱һɶĿɫ⣬Ȼƿһֻ·ˮͻȻһɾ޴ˮˣֱԼаףռϿֱʮ֮һ
ˮͬһˮ̱ɫƿ롣

Ͽˮ
Ů
ӺڣͻȻһͷӴ˺ƺ֮䣬ҪֹպˮƵĳ
֮⡭
Ⱥڸָֻ߲֣һ㣬ﵽ߽׸߲ĺͷʼһ⴩͸͵һ˲䱻ʬ廩һ׹С
Ů򵥡
Ͽ棬ľŴͨһˣƯӰ
֮ǰߴﵽɵī۴󺺣Լ˺ӹˡ
ī۴󺺴ɱ͸񣺡ʹߣŮΪﵽʥ۷壬ʵ򵥣ָֻи߹սƣ
ŮΪʥصһϣǷľˣҲѵõˣֻҲ֣´Ů׸󲿵ĸ߲㣡ʹߴɱ֮˵
ʥ񣿹ҼסˣҲ̤ץסŮ׸ΰߣҲΨŮӣſʸ񣬷ߣ
Ǻ󻰣ǻǶֶΣȥ޷赲ɱ̳
ʹתʧī۴ҲȥǿߣɲǼʧ
Ͽ֮еĶѨ
ˮλ½ո֣ͣ
һʱȥҶȲһ߸߲ʬҲȫˣѴﵽλԴ
֮ǰȻҪӦΧȷϰȫȴˮλ½Ȼ߶Ӧ΢΢ӦˮλϿжλȥ֣ʩչͨ÷ˮλ
侲Ҷץһ߲ɱʬ壬ھʣ·ĩʬ壬Լ֮ǰռʮߺʬ塣
ಣ
ʬ¯֮ȼգ̼ӡԪ׷ӿ֮УԴԱߣγһŰԪ
ʱҶҲһӦ䣬Ȼ֮ǻš
Ԫʧ֮УҶȵֳһ߿տǣӡԪ󲻶С
һȥʮ֮
ᣡ
˫һϣԪӡʼ߶һʱӡԪ֮УһɴСԪ壬ȻʼС
գۣӡʧâȥΪһһߴСԴ
Դɹᣡ
Ҷһ߽λвΪҪǣϲֻλܳΪӢӣΪĽµӡ
̿ʼ飬һζСֻо飬ûκζܿ鿪ʼָҶҲûһЩ񵤣žǴӲ¯߲
ԴҲΧԴʼͬıԴԪӵľҶո߲Ҳ𽥻Ϊλв׶ΣʵҲ֮ࡣ
λʵκв񶼿ɱϲ񡭡ϲҲвңȻҪնɱ߽λϲҲȫԸ
ɽԼʥϲʲô߲ǸΪʲôǶҶԣǳΪͷ֮ǰ۵ĻʯԽ̣ԽǿԿط꣡
Դﵽ߶ȣ͸ȥռʬ塭
λʵҶӲ١


1787 ǧͼ
֮ͨոҶ֮ڣԪҲﵽλв߶ȣͰѶѨգӵ֮С
߶£ȻСǱڰ֮УˮϿս
ֱըϴǿңʱҶȱϿ룬̧ͷһǧΧٺΪˮλʱ½޷ʩչˮϵͨһܡ
ͬƯϷˮƿϴϿպˮˮڰ¡
ǡʥصӡ
Ǳںˮ֮УһЩʬ壬ɢںˮ棬ոտͱһʬΪԷԼһװΣԵرϤһ֪ʥһĵӡ
ʬмѪѾܳʱ䣬ո߸ϵĸ߲ӣźˮš
ޣܰʥصʬˡ
ͬţжЩȻǱ֮£ʥأԷҲǿǱ˫ʵһ໥õĹϵֶ죬ڷϣҶʬ봢䣬ȥ֮ҸطΪ˰ᡣ
޾ǰˮ棬ںˮ֮Уɴţٶ½ؿУȫûвҲ˵Ȳ޵ٶȡ
ܺˮѹȣ
治֪ʲôޣܣϵ̫һԼʮϢסޣЧ
ǡ
뼸ߺʬ壬ҶַһϤʬ塣
Ӣ̩
ϴ̫ӣԼȥһ߽λ߲񣬲ǾӢĹ£û뵽Ҳ硣
ȻӢ̩ʬ壬봢䣬ǰ㷢ָʥصӣһһЩûб޳Եģʳʱ䣬ҶȲ֮ʣ֪˶ʬ塣
Ȼ䲻٣ʿӦҲò³
ջ񲻴ʮߺʬ壬ʮߺʬ壬ϲԼ߲ڼ䣬ٲ̫
¯ڲռ䣬ӡһ߾ߺʬ壬ȥΪ׳ۣѪӣԼκʥ֮Уջķᡣ
дмߺʬ壬Լʬ塭
ĴϷս£ˮϿһˡ
ɳ֮󣬾ͼʮʬ壬źˮ˻һֱʯԱƯ߶ʮһҶȶʱ߶һ߾롣
ôʬ壬ʱ뿪ص棬Ȼ棬ռʬ壬ȴҲźܴա
мߺʬδҶУн㡣
ţ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȸоǰʬ壬ЩͬѰĵط
ֻһ֮䣬ͻȻһߺʬ壬˲˹Ҷȣһˮ
Ǹ߲
䣡
ܣ߲ٶ빥ԽҶȰٱ֮ϣҺо»ˮо£ǸҶȴ޴𶯣ͬʱɣȻ󷢳һƵײұϣײһ
ԭͷֻˣδ
ɢһʹ࣬һ£ײĶ߳һͷСɽƵĺͻȻΪһźƵĺߴֱֳ֮࣬棬ϻ˺ƺͷǱζѡ
࣡
һˮںΪһ壬Χӿˮ޼᲻ݵҶȴ
ǧͼ
䣬ԷʹӰ֮⣬գɱǰ
ٶȣȻҶܿģֻܴ߶ǧͼһǲ
һҶȾͽҲһӵɲս̫սǿ߸Ӧ
ӣ
ͨһˮУˮ浴һˮˣ׷ȥ
أ
ǧͼٶȿɲǿЦģҼҶͻλԦͼӵӦֻ֣Ǵǧͼͣ²߶ȣвδﵽ
Ҷӵ룬սյ޾Ͳ֪ʲôطƺӦҶΣգһʱصҶȼͷ
£ҶȾ¶Цݣǧͼãնɱͷ߲ǲܣ
ƺߣʵҲ߲ˣô󣬶ҺѾˮ£һˮˮ֮Уı档
ռ黯
Ѹֻͣ취ӦԣһǷڶʱܣҶȵΪ߲
ֻҶ¶ЦݣǰһصǳâδԦǧͼܣƺҪ
ѵþ£
Ӳȶϣֵˣ߶£˽赲ǿ赲ҲԷסǺҲ͸£Ҷش
ɱһǧɲҶһȡӦа취
ಣ
޼᲻ݵѾҶţƾҪײǱոմǳâ֮ϣҶȵţͻȻΪһǳڶУ沢δ·ײϢǳУȴûзκοµ𶯣һơ
࣡
ʧɫʵԼ֪ҶлҲܵĹӰ죬ԼǳУ·һ˼顢ܴڵʱա
Ҳ˵ҶȾȻĹתƵһռ䣬ĹȻǸ߲ҲܻһƬռ䣬ڿռ磬߲Ʋκζһģһ
оϢʧˡ
Ժоǰ࣬Ͳһ࣬ǱҪǧ򱶵Ĵ
ಣ
ҶȾȻϢǰȥ

߲ŷӦеı棬ƺʧȥƵģоëҶ׷ȥѿҶֻһв񣬼Ҷһֱѡӱܣ˵Ķ֡
ɹһӵҶڵȴᣬѺһٻɱ
˿Ժͯϵľ̾ˣţ߶ǧͼͼתλ֣κιͼûλṥͼռ䣬޿ռ䣬
ҪΪǧͼҵıҿʱͼλ죬ϴǧͼǿռڲռ䱾ʮ־޴Ļһ߲û⣬Ҳԣ⹥̫ΣˣϾ̫ͣǧͼһ𶯣Ҷȼ򵥽һ
вΪܻ߲񹥻ˣū꣬δĴڡ
ʲôȴǧͼҾ൱ĸ߶ȣӾˣϣûκ籾ԴٴǧͼƷʡ
֮࣬ҲЩźĵطȻعͷ׼׷ɱˮٶȣѾԽ˸߲Ҷдǧͼ߶ߣҲٶȡ
صĻ
㲻ҲҪڣһǿʿϡ
Ҷֻвߣٶ࿰ϲ۷壬ӽ߲񣬵ҪԽ߽λ߲ȴǲܵġ
ǧͼһһռ
ءʱͷƺҪսˣƺҶߣǺ̫Ҫչչ֡
ޣȻҪԶԸ߲ҾͿڵͣ
û뵽ô񣬺ֻԾ֣ҶҲ֪սԾͬˡ
أأ
΢΢СԴԵǰ⣬Ҷȴⲻ䣬Ȼľֹ֮Уϣоһߵơ


1788 ޿Ⱥ
ƣ
˻̫ӣҲֻһ֮ȴûе֮
ʱ˿̣Ҷȴ޵֮УӦ翵ϢСһǺεȵĴڣ
࣡
ͨһˮһԾ𣬷ҶȵٶնɱҶȵĴʱʱ̳б档

ɳԶδҶǰıʹһԲΣҺɫС
һһȻһܵסı棿Ҵϣƺһ鶼ûС
ޡ
Ҷ°Ҳŵôģ˼̵󣬸߲Ĺһλ˵ȴֻһͨСһ
ɵôžϲ̾ɽ磬ʥ磬˴ԣɱ䣬磬籾Դһɳ߶ȣҺõʱ仯Ҳ˾ˣ
¿ɺˣʵҶԺ߲ȫ
С
ŭ壬űɱƶ֪Сסˣ˫һһɾͨ棬һɫ⣬ӱ治ӿޡ

һ£ͷǿɫ뱦֮ϣƤ򣬺Ȼ˼ȦһĻ֪жˣֻεؼ޴˸ֹ˻
ûƵģǰ
ء
ƺ±֣޹⳶ɤţߺһȻҪҶʾ
СС壬̺Ĵ
ҶȻ޶ԸлᣬϢƬ̣Ҳ˿⡣
͹
ͻȻ˫һ滯Ϊһ󵶣һͻȻ߸Ծ˫ֳֵ϶£ƴ

һ֪ȻûܣϣȻûκεƻ
ţ
ʱҶͷŸӦԼߣЪʱͻȻӦǰӵðͬѰϢ
ϸһʱһ󺧣ޣ
ԭˮҲкȻкΧɱǰͷ֧Ԯ
أ
ͻȻһСβͣڰջһԲȦһۻңصټ

ʯ֮䣬޳棬ͷһײں󱳣ײѪɡ

䣬޾ȻںΧÿһͷײؿڡԴ󱳵ȵλãÿһײú飬£ȴֻδ
޹ȷʵ£ϢⷬҶȾʮϤ߶֮ߡǧͼʽ࣬öָ޷ӦϢչɱ
ŭһ忪ʼͣȻҪû
ٿ
ſСͣ󷽣һɻҺɫסֱȥ

ϷҲϱ󣬿ǻ޷Կ޵Ĺֻǰ壬ȻһȭͷСС֮С
࣡
ͨͨ
ͷӵ½Ҷǰ·ˮУȻһһˮˡ
µ鷳ˡ
߶£һɨһǴﵽ߽λ߲ΪʵνҶǿܶ౶£ҶֻߵķݣڣҪߣܣдǧͼҲ޷ڵºӵѺ׷ɱôͷ
Ȼûпܣֻնɱͷ
ޡ
޾ͻصҶȼͷ滯ǹ
أ
ޣڰСβͣƺһҲģҶ˼ɵţʵǲһ
ţɱ
ͷֱֳ棬ſһɹˮ
ٿ
߶ǧͼҶһˮʱѾһͷ󷽡

ͷһײͷûзײһѪ

Ǽײüͷ㷢ޣȴҲգ֮䣬ͷͷˡ
ǼԸͷС̫ͷʹˣʦռƣ޴˾档
ٺ٣ϣҾͿնɱЩ
ҶͻȻ¶ɭɭЦݣгˮ
вǹԣֿնɱ޷սʤǿУֻˮԪԪصһɲ룬Сãͬһ

ֿж֪һͷ빥Ҷȣ޾ͳ䲻󷽣һײѪɡ
ǸѲˡ
˲䣬ͷǵĵˣҶС࣬ǰĹŹС
£˰ҶΧ룬ȴ֣Ĵֱֳ棬ٴ͵Ϯ
ԽԽûס
ͬΪĺȻȲһȰƴ˶ٵС
ҾͿһͷͷ
ͻȻ֮䣬кעϣҶͻȻһ߶ǧͼ˲Ϣʧ
಻ˡ
һͷȻҶȲˣոպûͬعҶȾͳüģչüһġ
ͣ
ʶ߶ٶȻǵֲˮˮһüĴһѪں󷽣ֱֳҶȣһץסˮͬʱץʧȥʶĺ
һ
ʧҶȵģ˲֮С
ͷһֻͷ
򣡡
ŭɶԭС࣬Сӵͬǲӣͬʱ߶ͨɲǼ䣬ӵӿȻӵ֮µĺˮ׷׻Ϊµĺˮ
ǣ
ˮӵһʱ˱⣬ΪһĻɫ硣
ƿ
ȷ˾޴ãҶȸоԼѾ޷ڱ֮ߣв߲ѹȣѹ޷ɶòֹͣ
Ǹ߲
࡭һ״ץסᣬϲʩչ棬Ҷȴ

֪޲֪ʲôطֶںճףһײͷ­ϣͷ­Ȼը
ֻһײ޾ͻɱһǻײ
ֻʣͷ

ͷͷޣͷͬʱҶȴ
ǧͼ
ͷΪҶȳΪ벻ѹҶȴ޷ѹߣԼǧͼںϵ
ǧͼҶͻȻʧˡ
ףͷ㵿һĻ۾һ࣬ôƾղˣ
ѵٶȣ
Ǹ߲ΪٶҲﲻָ߶ȣʥ޷˾˵ͨ

ͷһδع޾ץס˻ᣬͷԵĺײǺ󱳡
ˣͷɱۣ׷޶ȥ
ͣ
˲ϢһǳӰһͷϺ󣺡ǵ򣬵ȷѹƣҵԼ̫һջκεʵԽңҲһ
˵꣬һһ˻ƣݺһͷ󱳣ٴʹˣһĳ
ˮһ׾پʹԣһȭͷСѪ
Ҫ˺㣬࣡
ͬ鱻ɱԼֱҶˣʣһͷƵĿʼû壬޴ĺ׺ʼֳƾһֻ޴ĺϺ֣Ҷѹ


1789 ߽λв
Ҷ̧ͷһоһڵɽ
߶ǧͼոߣѹҶȻδɳ˱ײպһ
ʱ³Ѫںһ˻Ҷһǧͼٶȴʱ˺ҶٿȻںϷһĳ
ٿ
ˮٴιɲǣͷ­һʧȥ˸֪¡һһͷˮ֮С
ΧҲ˲ʧ
ͷѾͷ
û뵽ֻײһ¡ˡ
һ£Ҷ׹ĺʬ֮ϣȻһͷ׹ԭǱնɱֻʣͷ˵ĺ
ӣ
ͷȻ˵ûкİӵȥ
ǻ᣿
ҶȻҲᣡ
һһޣͻȻֶںҪʱֱײһͷ󱳣ֱӰײ飬޴Ѫ֮зɳȻſһֱӰѺСӡ
һٶҲڴǧͼ֮£ѱˣȻȲǧͼһˮâĺԡ
䣡
ʬ׹ںУˮҶֶһĳͰʬ¯Ҳʾޣĺʬ塣
ӭ˽ؿʼ߶һ߾ߺʬ塣
࣬޴̺Ҳ֮࣬һкʬ壬Ȼе㱥˯ζһصҶȼͷȻȻ˯һ
ԶȥſҶȼͷޣһװƷ
ɳӵѰһصطһѨ
ʩչϢ֮ҶȾͿʼպٻָڵƣҲɼ񵤣ԼŶ֮
ԴҶԪԼܵشڼٻָ
ֻ߲ܵײ湥ȻˣʵҶȿǿλвȻ̫Сˡ
ºӵԶ֮УΣգ㾡뿪õɱ̳뿪
պʱ䣬Уָƣͻ߽λ
纺ϵͨ纺ܣͿ칥ƾͨʥһӦˮλδǣֶΡ
һ֮ҶڻָȻְߵʬ¯֮УΪ˽߽λҪԴ
ʹﵽλ߶ȵԪڲӣһӽ۷塣
ɵҪںϣ̣Ҫһʱ뾫ֱԪ֮С
˿̣ں̳
غī۴󺺣ǧ󲿷Ǹ߲Ҳн֮࣬Щս֮УƱػش
ʹߣҪ̳
ī۴ʵڲԸ⣬ʹߣ˲᣺ǿʮսȥ
ڵʵֻǲǧ֮һаٷ֮һǵʮںʥչɱҲ԰ˮλߵ棬ûʥϧºӵδͨһУǿУ
ʹ߳ĵƺú󷽺ѹļͣӵǷֲߣϷ壬ҲԸʱںʥʮ
ʮ
ī۴һ˼ɵʮȷڽʱȥâܲǿ߽֣ŴԺâ棬ȫĬϣʮƬӣ˱ȻǾڣ
ǵȻʮߣԳϦ䣬ʧҲøǿѾڵȴһᣬʮҲһˣԿҷ㷽ʮƻ˵ޱҪʮ֮ǵĵˣһ֮Ҳֻʰߣ
ϧС֪ļƻʲôôûѡֻѡʮȻԭ򣡡
Ϸ뷨ȷҿȥ֪ģ̳˭Ҳ룬һһҪЩͷ
˵꣬ͻȻָһһ⣬ʱ뻹δɵķ̳֮С
ಣ
źǵ죬׷׷һӵ֮С
ڷ̳ΧвǧΪڸ߲ĺȫ벻ᱻ
Ƭ̣ī۴󺺣ھĵºӵǰ
ʹߣǧ࡭ȥӽгһԻǮôװ̫ϧˣī۴󺺿ʹߡ
֪ܵ࣬뿪Ҳһ룬ǱâԼ֮У˶֪ºӵܣ
ʹĮȻҡҡͷȻһָһε⣬ΪһȦµɱ֮⡣
䣡
ɱȦʱºӵ֮С
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ºӵ֮УıըӵʼݣڼͷҪߣһɱһɨΪ촷ۡ
ͻͻͻ
ӵʼݣʯûһлģ
ǣ
һӵݣˮλǣֺᷢӵĴڡ
ʹ˵ɱһī۴󺺣һͬתʧȥ
ǿҵɱ
ӵԶѨ֮У߽λҶȣȻоһǿҵɱ䲻üɱҪɱˣһַ־Ų˼ѹѵɱˣ
ɱ򣬿ֻɱֲſܻȥС
Ҷȼ֮Уֻ
ӸղͻȻ֮У͸ɱҶȵһʶ뵽ܿ챻ҶȷôɱϢܷôܳ磿Ǻ֮еɱ֣ͷŵϢ
ˣҶȼ߽λ
ߵ޵ͬѰһﵽ߶ȣҶݲһʣΪӣͬڷ硢ɽ磬ʼӣʱա
ͬʱҲΪΪ̤߽λ֮׼
ҶȿʼӡԪ׷ӿ֮УΪһԪ
ʱҶȲһ̾ʥ߰ʱ⣬ʮ£ܻعʥأФҲˣʥ鷳ƽ⣬ʥһ˼Ӧ÷ںʥ
Ԫ󲻶ᣬ֮󣬾ͰԪգͷŷһͬԴȻҶ뵽ʲô¶ڴĿ⣺ϲ񡭡ڴ쵽ںѪ𣬳ΪԴ
ܺԴﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
˼֮䣬ʱ䲻Ϲȥӡ֪˶٣ԪΧһһԪԪС
գۣһ¾͹ȥˡ
ԽߣԴʱҲԽڻһ£˽λܾҪ£Žλ˵ҪһϣﵽλʱӾˡ
ᣡ
ӡͻȻҶ˫һϣԪ׷գΪһһߴСԴ
žžž
ھҲ̿ʼ顣
Ҷ˳ͨɱ֮󣬷̤߽λв񣬽ڣ߿ԴʼͬҲ֮С
ʱӣҲպóҶԪ֮ʣʱϯ
һ˲䣬Ҷָоڱߣֹͣˣž֮ȫ
̤߽λκúУȴⳡɱӭ
֮ǰɱҲõĺʬ壬һ⣬ȼĺôޣҲԿ⣬˵֮ա
Уȴս뿪硣


1790 ˻ӵĽ
ʦ㡭
ɱݱ
Ͽ֮ϣɵ棬պһϷ
񣬴֮ǰһƺҲϵһ͸һȦɫ
һʥش磬Ȼʥؾ֡
ֻӥü֮µ˫ͫ͸ŵĹһݵ⡣
ĮȻӢΪʦսңԱ꣬ʦ֣֮ĳ裿
ȻҷӢ˵һʤˡһӵʦսΪӢӣȻǰ޼ɵеУģ͸ʥص԰
Ӣݵ񣡡
˿̣ն
ϣӢȻȼʱҪӷġ
Ӣʥصĳϣ㽻֣Խݣ
ĺȻ䣬֪ʲôʱһɫۣ˸ӣ󷽡
Ӣ׳⡣
һһ£һһ£
ִΧФԪá̫סطȵȸ߲㣬֮ǶģֶһЩˡ
ʣЩˣѾ̫ϵǰ򵥣һΪƺѾԽ񣬳Ϊ߼
ʵ㣡
߲㣬׷׺ֹЩڸ֮У죬Ŀһеĸ߰ӡ
ÿһˣÿ
ÿ֮䣬Ȼڽž
׵Ϊ̳ǵøıԣȻ뾡취Ҫˮλ·Ϊˮ磬ǺβƿرգλˣǵΪﵽҵ˵ĸ߶ȣҵȲòϣ֮ϣͨرŲı
ǼȻˣͻȫԸӢһӦ
Ȼ֣Ϊ֮м
ǵҲһ֣ͬ
ῴÿ߲㣬ʮˣһ֣ˡ
ʾ£˷޴죬һ֮߿ͣȻͬʱʼӡһ⣬ﵽ˲˼ʥ߶ȡ
ǿҵϢ
Ѩ֮УҶУͻȻо֮ϵĵ棬һɻϢš
纺֪ͨرһӣֱֱӴϷɱ̳
¿ɲܱ꼰أҶ󷨣ɳѨҵطء
ͻͻͻ
ԼĪʮ֮
ոǱںӵ֮£ҶȾ͸оϷѹѹĵر㣬ʼȻ𶯣һȦ֮ǿҴ϶£пɺĵر㡣
һĻҶ𺳲ѣʥ֣ӵǿﵽ񣬺Ŀֲ
󣬵ʮǺε׳۵һĻ
˿̣ʥʥһ֮С
ֳʹߣĮȻһɨǰǿµ㣬Ͻر֮£ɲһЦһȺСˣʥءʥءʥءʥء̫ʥءΪʮ죬ǵأǴƻᱻȺϺƻʮҲУ
Ĵڣᡢǵʥ񼶴ڣҲ޷Ӧ
䡭
ʥ֣˫ۻ̧ǰ֮ǰĵԼΧһЩСӵŲٵС͵죬һͬʼﵽʮҡ
ϵ·컻ءɽƵģʥ£һƬر㣬ҺɣʥΧӵĺˮҲûӿ¡
ر㲻أ󳾰ÿһʥ񶼽ȫЩˣðŶ顣
֮ر㿪ʼأһµĺضƺһĺӵµİɲǼӭ⣬¶֮¡
¡
ʥϰѵر㻺ƿضƵġ

ʿڴ˷ضΪʥ񼣣𺳴
ڿԳȥˡ
ںӵ֮УҶȲڰʯ棬ЩۣˮС׷ǱˮףұһЩ̦˲䶼˾״̬
һЦݣҶ뿪ʩչǧͼڰʯ󷽣ҪȴЩʥ뿪
˻ӣѽҴӳ硭
ó˻µķʱ߶һ
ֻǹ֮˻óʮּúãֵܣžͺãžͺãи̣ʻھΣѴڸ֣ʥ֮⣬иȥϣʻҪһ󹦷򣡡
Ҷó˻һǷԷθҲеοڶ֪˻ӱĻȨ壬˼ζֵԺҶΪı
ɱʥ뿪֮ҶȾ纺ȥһϢա
գ㲻ôѹ֣ҲΣ֮С
ӦūϢҶϷ˹ȥڴǧͼ֮£뿪˺ʥ;Դȴûо֣УҲ֮أҶȵϢ
ҶȲδȥЩ֣Ǿ֮⣬һɽ֮Уؾ߽λԴ
뵽ϻʥأ߲עжǷһͨ壬ŴǧͼǰѺʥƺãֱͨӴʥء
һأҲǰʱ
һṦͨѴﵽʥأص档
Ҷϣ뿪ңҶȵȥ򣬻ȻΪҶԲѣ˵ǳȥˡ
Ǽ֮󣬾ڷʥ¼֮ǰФҲʹȻԲ˹ȥ
ͨع飬紫ϢںʥصФ֮Ҳ֪ҶȻصʥصϢ
ᵽĴ£ȻǺʥʥΪټ̫ϵӣԽ̫ϵӵͷۼʥΪҶʲô֪˵˰졣
ͨȻ޷ֻһ㣬ͨȥҾ޷˳ͻƣͻƣͨ岻һͬͻƵĻӰ죬ȼ˰˻ӣͨ߸ϻ
֮УԪӣ߿ԴѾ̲ƣԴҲͬȸ߶ȡ
߽ͨλ֮ߡߡֻߡߡͨ߱仯Ǻܾˣ߱仯ΪԣӰһ֡
ӵֻϢӰȻģ
Ҷȶԣ޵ӰѾʮֹעǰγɵӰҲӵֻϢӰ
ϧģ״̬ﵽ߲пֳģ
֪һв죬Ҳ£һꡣ
纺Ӧ֪ڷҴˮλγɾ޴غ̳ɱع֮У»Ҫһʱ䡣
ڰ˻δδζ˵ˣһˣʲô
֮УҶȵԪѾӽ߽λ״̬֪һξ꣬˻ҲڶԷƬء
ҶҲֹͣУͨع飬Ȼʮ֮أӣͨҶںϡ
ϵص㣬˻ѾǰϵһҶȾǶʺҲΧ֣һδἰҶȵĹ͡
Ϣһ֮󣬰˻ӾҶȶɭ֮У֣ҹͬΣգûҲûңˣȻһʦҼƻڴܽһ̻ᣬƿأ̻ҪǾӪ񵤣Σ
̻᣿
˻ͻĽ飬ҶһԾоЦݣ̻ᣬҵʱԼʵܣ˻Ӱɹʥء˫ݣ


1791 
̻ὨɹԺӯҾ֣κο𣬶ͷϣ̻ҩΪ
Ҷڳ˼˻ӻ¡
˻ӿǺģ̻ᡭ
Ҷһ˵ףȻ̻˵Ҫ棬ǺҪΨһȤģǿ̻ᣬռǧͼҪĸֿռʣһ򣬱ǿռαԴһںϣΪߡ
һ˼⣬ҪǧͼԼռоΪԼӰλȵȣǰΣõļʣٷ֮һǧ֮һ
ǡ
ɽ̻Ͳһˣһ˲Ǹ·ӣԴչԼҪһС
˻飬ֱҶ衣
̻ᡭҪٵĲɣ
Ӧ֮ǰҶȻҪ֪ϸڡ
νǮƷɷ򣬾ֵܣҲˣȻǿ̻ᣬҪһŪ
ʲôǷΨ鲻Ƿ
߰˻£ģȷۺϸ棬ҶȶҪŪףװ׺ˡ
˻ЦݣȻ
ôУ
ʲôУ
̻Ὠʽ𣬻һ˳еĻô˵ӯ֣Ҫıˣռ˲㣬ֻռ㣡
Ұˣ
˻һҶȸ첲ĳĵʴռ˱ˣǷģҾӯ֣ҽʲ֮Ҷ㲻ῴ㲻˷ҵĳİɣ
ҼôˣЩϰߡҶʼ硣
ȻˡɣҸһģΣ
Ҳ
֣ʵҲռ˺ܴˣ̻ᣬǷ񵤣ҿò񵤣ǧţǿ뾡취õҲǳ֮ƣ̻ᣬΪģ㣡
˻ӴʱЦݣʮ䣬Ҷȼ£񷣺ʮӵе̻ᣬ֮ҴС̻ʮ̻֮࣬ᣬʵûеֻ̣һн齻ףȴͼռȻ̻ͨᣬ߼۸ٷȥһһأ׬ȡۣʮŲϵ̻ᣬ־ֶΣֻ࣬мٵ̻ᣬӵе̡Щ̻ᣬҪôˣʱֱƶ׬ȡȻ̻Щ̻ͬ񵤣ҲڲʦƶģԼһЩ̻ᣬӵ޷ӵеıȻԼ
˵֮󣬱Ҷȡ
ܴܵ󴥶Ҳ˽ֶ̻Ρ
̻ᣬֻ񵤣һŻӴڶ̻֮Уӱе̻̾ᷢչʮ˳ڰУݻںܶʱ䣬ͻ룬ռĲ㣬ӦãҶռһݣ͵̻ὨǰڵͶʣ˻Ӽ
ҶڵͷӦðɣȻӼƻܣһʲô˵ģһһЩѣһӪ̻ᣬ񵤣ÿ£Ƴٿŵҩ£
һ°ٿŵҩٶȣǿ޷ҲҪ̫ˣǾ²ҩвҩҺڴ
˻һ¶ɵЦݡ
˻Ҫ̻ᣬԭ򲻵ΪңҲӵԼλʥأλҲߡҶĺԶкõĻһ棬ҪԤϡ
̻ȻҪȡһ֣׼סҲ֪̻ᣬӪ񵤡ʲôֺãƣһֽͣ򷨣ӦǬ͡󣿡
󣿡
֣Ҷȼ̵ͷһ󣬵ص֣󣡡
˻ˬ쳤Х
ǧ̫ţһдӼ򡭡ʽҶȻǺܵĵģΪ˻롣
ҲԼͶʮƷʯ°ɣǾôˣ֣Ϣ֮ȥЩѣʼѡַʼ󣡡
ǰƵ񵤣ǧţ붼²ȼȥ㲻õģҶóһö䡣
ǧţ
ӹ䣬˻¶㵱飬벻Ҷ˲˼Ȼǵͼ񵤣֧š
Ե͹ҶȵǱ
ӣȥѣǶ٣ҲڵЩ˽⣬Ҷύģ֪ģҲԿɿ
ҶȾҪݱ𣬱˸ڡ
Ҫȥɣ·СģʥϵޣϳӦûǱΧǣСģ
֮ʱ˻һֱֱҶԶȥ
ҶȲδԶȻҪ̻ᣬʹŴӴԺᾭڴʥ֮䡣
ˣ
Ҷ飬Ȼѡ
뿪ʥؽ磬ҶȾ˸֮أ߶󷨣֮С
ѡǶʮˡ
ӷ絽ɽ磬ٵ磬һֱǱھ֮УǵĹޣ磬ǵʹս
һֱھ䣬Ҷ̫СֲܰѾ˴ߣǰýύ˻ӣлѵū䣬ڽ̻ᣬҪŶʮˣǱ̻֮УһһУһȻؾҪھ䣬ɳٶȻҪˡ
Ͼڲģȴ֮ء
̫ҵ
Ҷڱ֮ϣ顢ʥŶʮˣһӡγɵĿսף磬һ˺ѹ
̫ҵµĴڣ·Ҳ𺳡
ޡ壬Ҷ޷Ĵڡ
ΪͬģͬʱɱΪ󣬾綼࣬Ϊλ²
顢ʥʱ䣬ھ䣬ҪںΪԪӡǣ֪ʶȻ񵤣һ뿪䣬֮磬Ǽѵʥأ
ŶʮˣҶȵٻǶ⡣
Ƕû˿ԣҶ˵ʲôǾΨǴӣ
һӡ֮󣬴Ҷģɳʮ⣬һһӿüģ뿪ȥƫʼںϡ
ҶҲû磬лᣬھ֮С
̺ʱ䷨򣬶Ҷãֹĸֵʵ֮⣬սðգٶЧҪȫԽھ֮С
в񣬴һλ߽λҶȲδںϼ֮ϣ棬ľȫʵ뾳ϡ
̫޼˻ס׿Լ֮档
ʥ
Ф֣һۣʧĵӣ½ӽˣ䣬Ǹ߲ϲ١
Ӫ֮С
һռڣФĪԼòİ飬ʮλ߲㣬ۼһ𣬲Ͻš
Īһ֣һʱڸ߲㶼ϧ
Щĵӣǵļ壬ԼǵļˣԲòԣʥСΪһ£ʵӳԽĪФ䲻ǳϣλԶ֮ϡ
ˣԵúܳĬ
ҲΪǣΨһֲġȻΪʥصӣҪӵжʥЧҵ׼ĽǸӵʥأٶμΧ̳ȻҶͬţҲЩ
Ф˻˵ɢɣȡⳡսսͬʱеӣҪͼ촫˵еĽѪðװ
߲ʾһһ뿪


1792 Ų
֮УҶһֱ̫ҵںϼ
컯ȭǰʽѧʽǾżû컯ǳ֮
޼˻ף̫ۣһǹһǺڰɽʱ֮УγŲͬĽ𵤣ɲɼͬʱѹħΪΨһ𵤡
ڰĽ޴ʱδˣںϡ
ҶȣҲ޷뵽һɣ͵ںϵ࣬ʮ⣬ҪУҪһ̤۷塣
ʮ٣ҶҲ֪֮٣ҶȣĽ磬ʮ˽ˣָЩɹ޼ԪﵽԪĻ
˴ŵƣѭֻأòģʵ
һںϣڸ̫һ֮У򡢲𵤽磬һ顣
ͬʱҲѼʣںϽ֮УҶ˵ߣ߶Ǿʹõģߣʩչ֮ǧͼԼ߶ֻߣԴﵽںϡ
ߡһɣҪǮռбԴ֮ߡֻһԹС
ڴĽɣںϵһ̶ȺҶ뿪䣬߶ǧͼ˲Ϣ˴Ѷʮ˰һǳ֮У´ʯһ󽨳ɣҶȿֱкˡ
׼ֱʥشȥ
ʮҶȾͻصʥء
߽λʵ߶ǧͼٶֿһЩ

Ҷǽ뵤棬ȻͻصչС
ڼＸҶȣҶͨͨڵӢָ󡢺ķָ̫ϷָĵӣвٶǰʥʥصӿʧأҲ˹ȥ
Щ֮ҶԵúƽΪʮһҪɳ񣬸ͬţͬҲҪʥɱսսң֪ʱڣսҪ
¸ҲҪںʥһʱ䣬
֪ӵȥʥعʥأȥʮʱ䣬Ҷͻ߽λּ֮һ߸߲Ԫܿﵽ߽λԲھһʱ䡣
Ҫͻư˽λҶȲʥؽУʵǿͻƵϢԽǿңɲ뱻ʥظָӦܡ
ɹӿ԰У䣬Լݽ࣬ϣãݽͲͬˣһػߡ
һ߽λ۷壬ҶͬʱҲ뾡취ʾ֭ҲҪҵ䡣
Ϊֶ۵ĶҲξʦ㡣
ҶƵΰ˻ӽ飬̻ᣬԣֱ绢ռҪıҲԴ䡣
صʥؽ꣬԰˻µķȻ˶ԭ˻ѻصڽ֮УҶȹȥһЩϸڡ
ڵ˰˻Ϣ뿪ʥأＸһЩôȻ񵤣Ҳһҧʮ¾ͲҶȹϵĸֵһ
ȥ֮ǰҶ˲ȥһµ¶۹̻ᡣ
ҦһҶȣѣкҶȽңҶȴ׵ĺܣ飬Ϊʮ꣬δóԪ񵤽̻
ǰʱҶֻٿԪ񵤣һ붼вȼһóһö䣬Ҧס
Ҧ֮ҲóʯҶȣһֱ䣬Ȼûκջ񣡡
𣿡ҶȲ⣬һɣҪ˼ͻϣ̻ᱣһ룬Ҳ˶Ͼϵ
ǰãֵõһϢȻϢһ˵ʲôǶСֵ˵Ȥ
ڴ
Ҧû뵽Ҷ򾲣ۺӦʱ˰ɣһֻᣬӭһˣһ֧ʱ;У棬ͻȻϿգһŽУγ״̬ԼԼ䣬еǽһӰ֮УɫһƮӰˣ
ɫǽһӰӣ
ԭҶȣ󵱼һ˫ͫϣ¶𾪣Ȼǲš
˴Ϣ̫ˡСֵ֪ʲô˼ɣ
ҶȣҦ𽥵ͳӰʲôУֳڹⲻʹ˴ͨ棬ͬСֵһ㣬ɽ֮УϢһɢ֪ȥѰˣҪһ㣬Ӷ˷Ͻ磬ǲζšѾͨˣ
ҶȺָܿƽ֪һжпܰɣϽ磬棬˵Ĺѡ
Ϣֻ̻գܿġϢϯʮȻҲпܣ˹Ū飬ֻʲôżȻڹʩչͨҦ׽˵˺ܶܣ벻ܡ
Ҷһڣܿ뿪̻ᡣ
ã˴ɭ֮С
˿̣ԺһδҦἰϢ
ϣԽԳ󾪺
ɫУǽһӰӣһӰ
Ҫǣ߶ڹϢ֮󲿷ֶ˹Ū飬Ҷ˵ջ
ʩչ󷨣ȻеһκˣɫСֻͨǽһӰӣǡֻ֮ţҵķǴģôɵ鷢ֻֻ֮ͬʱ֡
̫ʼ
һӰҶԺĿˣһˣ𡢽̫սɽ޵ǿߡ
·ھ칬ǰӲӵı֮ϣ칬ֻۣ֮ţ¶µЦݣǰɽһͷ
Ӧ࣬粻ʮȴΪʲôͻȻڹ棿
ɻأɽӴ칬ࡢ̫ʼ֣ٵ磬δ֪ʲôˣֻ֮ŵˣҲһǻ̫ʼп࣬ǱΪ飬ܼԦֻ֮ţҲʲô⣬ʮˡֻǻ̫ʼôֻص棿
ѵ
ƺ뵽ΪһĻҶȺȻֹϴʥأἰɽ飬кܶɻ޷⿪˵ʲôر£ɵɽ֮䣬γڹ棬ѵҪ½ɽ磿ֻǰʲôˣɽ磿
ֿܣҶľԽԽùлҡ
ɽ֮󣬼ҶȵĹϵ󶼲£࣬ǾͲһˣûɽ磬ǶΣգ
ԼŮξ񶼿ãǸ֮ֶκ˷ָôһر˼һصɽ磬󣬾ֶ죬Լɽ⵽
ɽ罫Ϳ̿
ɽôͷаһľŴߣɽǾˣӲܣþɽıԴȻԼ࣬ɱҲκβ˾Ŵߡ
ݵģһ㶼ࡣ
ˣ˴½磬ȻŹֶ̫ۡ顢졢ͷȵȵǿߡ


1793 
Ҫ֪Щˣɶɽм
뵽ҶȾһð麹һ˫۾ʱʱ̿ڰɽ磬ʱһͷҰޣҧ
ɱһĩΪ˽ᡣ
ðһ֪һжһԪ֮ǰõʱıơ
ֻǻ̫ʼֻ֮ţڹ֡
ʲô
ʲôı
ȥˣ׶ҡģҶֶ̫ۡ顢˼ŲѣɽκζǻһһѣһоŴߣɽ־ĴСȻɽڲ½磬ƻɽ򣬴ƽ⣬Ǿ˲ӲܣӶ
Ҷ齥ƽһж޷ۣ̫࣬Ӱĵġ
ͯСʶħô񵤣ĶҡпܣʶħħħʶħǿѲ
Ҷȿɲ鷳
ʧҶ̷
ʹҲһǳ֮УҶһֵ߹·ʱһֻߵ¥ѾãūҲ档
֡
󷽣˻һ¡ӵĴ磬ֳ֡
Ҷȼʩ񣬰˻ʾ⣬˲¥֮С
¥ڲһЩʵƬʯװΣУһȻĸоȫκݻ¥¥һūӺ߳Ҷ˻ӣΧ˹䡣
Σ֮󣬰˻ЦǺǵؿҶȡ
ҶͷȻ
ѡ˸ӣһº󣬾ǿŵӣ֣֣ãھ͹Ϥܣһһϼܣ
ʱȺҵٻϵǣ
ˣϴθҵǧ񵤣𣿡
񵤡
Ϣٰ֮˻⣬Ҷһ̫˼飬ͻ˸֣Ϊ񵤡
˻һֱ̾Ǿ䡣
˰ʱ顢ʥŶʮ˸ˣǲǳԽĽ׳񣬶Ĳ࣬Ҳͨ˴硣
˻Ӽǣ൱⣬÷鵱һö񵤣ֻ˰죬Ƴһ²񵤣˻Ӹӷġ
֣ƽҲʲô£ҷϵηʥ¼
һ¥󷽵󷨷䣬˻ҶԶڰ˻ϣһ꣺ϣ̫ӣΪҪأΪΪ˹ͣǰѱʥĨȥΪʥ뽫йصĵӣ
ô˵һҪ̲ҶȾš
Сֵÿ뷨ң
˻¶ˬЦݣ߿ܣԹŵ۹ʬǳɽѪɺӣȻˣЩмˮλᣬ̲õĻᣬΪΪͣҴҲܵעʥضҵĽҳΪ̫ϵӣгϰһָƣͻư˽λ߲񡭡һǾŽλ񡭡
ϲӣ
òſʵιֲͣҵõʥؽҲøһԺΪ¼೤ʼעңҵ˧֮ʽֽҼ磬Ϊҵ֣
Ҫģʱ˵һʵãҲȫԸҶվȭ
˵ֽҪİæ
˻ְҶȵ˫ȭ£ͻȻѹʮֽ֮ԣҴݲһԭģҲԪ֮ʮʼչõϢҲԪʷ̳ԽҴʮֹ⿿£ʥأηش¼ᱻʥϾϵôҴ뽫治֪˭ý³
ӻлȷһ׻û뵽˻ӻҪʲô飬黹򵥡
ǵ̽ӣǱ֪꣬Ŀʵۡʴ񡯣Ԫ֮ǰǴɽķߣ磬ڶʱպһƬף뾪γһУʴۡȻһصĿռ䣬õһϵӴ˿ԼŬɾʥĴڣһֱΪĹڻʳ
˻渵һࣺܣֻǴ֪ʧȥʥرӻҵļ磬һʱ뵽ȡĹҪռΪУҸҳΪ˧һԭ򣬾Ϊʹϣܰѹõ׸ϣǼֵܣΪ˽ʹ໥ɱϣ֣ܴ߼ҹ򽫻ʱǱѰҽʹ䣡
ȻغӴ¡¶߾ȫ
һվ˻
ʴ񡭡ȻҲɽķߣ
ͬʱҶһ㵣磬ĵһɽķߣȻꡭ
ţлůůġ
֮󣬵ѷһԪڷյԪҶҪɽķߣס
ԭܼ򵥣ϸԪԼԪķߣǶž޵һԪУǱȻΪ˾ǿߣֻеҶǿһ߶ȣȻȻлӴߡ
и׼һǰ֪ͨ㡭
˻˵һЩܣȻͣ죬Ŵ뿪
Ҷͱ˻֮󣬱ص󣬰ѵūԼʮټһͬ黹ЩطҪĽ
֮ʩչͨܡ̨ĵȵȣʮˣзֹūΪ£顣
ȻԼҪӪ̻ᣬ棬Ҷȶǳģκν綼Բٿء
ƽʱֹγǲֱֻأ飬һУʵҪģҲϣΪ󣬷Уֲܷñ˿ҵĵ
֮
һ¥䣬Ҷ뵶ūʮ˾ۼһҶȶԴҽֹἰҪС
ҪȻūһЩӹæиʱУҶ뵽ϸ·档
ˣпƣԵ²ͨǿֺηūʱԼ˵һһûжٶ顣
û⣬ҿʼ񵤰ϻ񣬲ñװã
˷ֹһ㣬ʼڷ񵤡
һ죬˶Ҷȴ߶˻Ӿʹ֣ʥ¼ʱˣһǰ˺ڷ̳֮У壬ǧͬˣ
һ¾ǧˡ
סҶȲδ˵ţʮ˻ִ˳ҵȻʥһˣ˰ע󶯾κ鷳㶼õģ
ͬӦһ䣬ҶȾͰѷʵ벻˽թʱ̣Ҫɱôࡣ
ˡ
ͻȻһһʥƣ߶֮󣬴Фһٻʥң
ФҪң롭Ҳ֪˹ǸϢ
ܿФ⣬ʱȻҪʥ¼ʥشĳæų鲻Ҫ
˵ʲôҪ£
˼һҶȾū뷽顢ʥһ߶ǧͼʥء


1794 Ȩ
ʥأ
ʥ֮С
룬Χһڸ߲㣬ֹ£ҲΧ
߶򣬛һˣû뵽ʤʱ̣ӭ˴ʥصӣٵ䣬Ҵ󲿷ֶǺĵӡ
󲿷ʬһء·һ߲Ӧһ䡣
һ۵֮ĺĵӣʥ˵ҲвСӰ
ռãԵüΪͳ
ȥϢһᣬкܶҪѴϢھĵºӵʥֻڵһˣһˣӦǴ֮⣬ھЩ겻ƽģ
˸Ϣڸ߲е뿪еλϡ
Ф߳ռ䣬̸Ӧʲôִһռ䡣
ܿ죬һʥӴҶռ䡣
Ҷ糣Ф񣺡Ӽϣ
ݵ»㱨ʮ꣬һֱ
֪Ǿش¼ҲҶʧȥģԵǰͬʳڣȻ¶ϲЦݣһˣȡ֮ޣ㾹Ȼڶ̶ʮڣﵽ߽λвΪ
֮ǰ䲻ȡͻȻ⸱ʥشңվˮƣᴦͬˮƽߣ
Է̬֮󣬾ҶȲںȴҲЩ뷨װʲôصʱ̽ǳʥؽ̵˿Ƭ̣Щ궼֮УʵһЩգоգ粻ߣɽʱϰͨǿʵʥأЩи
ǱҪģԺҪסʱʱ̿Ҫʥرϵκʥ¼ͻȻʥʧӡЩṲ̆ϲ񣬳ΪӢӣʥҲʵŵԣΪµӣȥɣ
Ф̾⵹ǳģҶȵ̬ȣǱĪ⡣
һ֮ȺҶ߳ռ䣬ŵӾʥȻӦ߲㣬һռ䡣
²òͷչһģʥأʱδңҿɲһѡĬ
뿪ʥƲ֮󣬷ص
Ҷȡ
ɳԶȻ䣬Ҳʮӣ󲿷ֻǾӢӣмʽӡ
иˣȻֻһλϲ񣬵ȴӢӰΧϹϾһҶȣ˫ͫʱ˸һƬ⡣
ҶҲˣΪȻʩʦ֣
Ҷʦܣ
ǿղвû뵽Ϊϲ񣬶Ȩߣв߲񣬶£ȻҶֲҲһҪ̫ࡣ
Ҳһ׻ʹһڵ뿪ˡ
̫ӣ̫Զˣ޷˻ȣ˻ҪǿϰٱǧΪһŮˣԴףѳɴ
ҶȸûϣҪǰڣ߽λвΪһٸֲС
ɵǣջصˡ
ΪҲ̤λвʵ̻һͬʮλͻλҲ֣ʱ䣬ľϣһ̤Žλвں̤ϲ
ʱ䣬ҲûҶȡ
үүᵽȥһ̻ᣬҾ֪ҪΪȥ˺ʥΪ֮Ҳ仯
Ҷ£ϲʦΪ
֮У͸żָ߹󣺡Ϊں𣬲òʱֹͣΪ֮ϣںҲףҪչأͻ߽λ㣬ʲôҪģ
ʱҲ֪ȱʲôýһʱ䣬ҲᾭȡͻƸ߾磡
ھ硭
ãá
һʱû⣬˸ʱ뿪ˡ
ҶͿʼԪϷڣ߽λѾߣƣܿͻͻơ
Ͼŵӡ
֪Ѿ죬ӣǸ϶ȥ
ԥò÷ͨ壬һͨ壬ڵУ˶Ŀ
˼һ͹վȥҪΪţҪȥΪ˻Ӱ£뽫ѰҽʹʱͨڣΣգлΣյİգ˵֮󣬾Ҫ̤˽λ
ǾξͲͨ塣
뿪֮ǰȥкФȥһ
Фͬ⣬δѣҶȴ󷽷ĵ뿪ʥأһ֮󣬱߶ǧͼȥ
ʹ֮У
һƬƻ԰ĹԷֻ˻߻ӣ⼸Էֻǰһλʮˣ߻ӣӭߵܣ
磡
߻ǰʩ
ԭˣǴ̫ӣһ֮֮ϣ
̫óһУ֮ԭһǡߵβ˺ʥѹѹ񣡡
磬󣡣߻æܾ̫һ飬ûˡ
̫ϲ裬߶֮ѹס˴ΰ˵ΪʥأΪ´󹦣ӰǶԸҸ㽫ð˵ܳΪ˧
ǰ˵οǷޣǰúñһѣʥضƸΪ̫ϵӣԺ̫ϵӡ
ƱǧҰ˧ӡ˰˵ܡ
磬ʮӶʮģģòߣ߽Ҳǳصģûʥ֧֣˵ҪҲôףӣΪµĴ𣿡
ߵ˵Ķԣ
̫⻰ʧ¶Цݡ
ֵŸн˵ܣѰҽĹͬѰǸ˵ܵõԺӶùˡ
Ǳصأõܵõġ߻ӻƺֻ˵һ룬̫Ӵ˴գֵվ԰롣
ʱһ˫۾ôȣһĻ
ǸŮ澣ͷ뿪ԷƹһڻʹԱߵĲڡ
ү
Ů澹£ǰһ޵ӣʮ£˻ӡ߻ӡ̫
Ǵڻ֮УʵǿĻӡ
ңʥص̫ϵӣһڡ
ү֣ۡдǱʷ磬ӥչ᰿죡ĻԱһݣȴֳֺȵߣΪĻӸдģƵ
Ļ¶΢ЦüһŮ澣ߵܣǼˣ
ˣŮ˵ʲôŮĮػش
ȥɣ
Ļһ£Ů澹˲뿪һ˻Ƶ˵̫߻ӣȻĺ̫ӣΰ˻ӵ˧ӡȻ˶ǺĻӡ
Ļӵֶ̫Σ̫˵һΪкͣûŵ㣬Ҳûȱ㣬ҷΨһԭ򡭡ûΪãȻͻΪ̫ӵˣߵܵ˺Ըң
̫߻Ӽ棬֤УҲʼҪԸ˻ӣҶõĹүǸжˣΣʧҲܱκһ˵õ
ʥ˭ң˭ңҵĵˡȥţʵȶ֣̫ǣͲװð˵Ӻù
Ļ¶ɵЦݣٴʣĿ֮нһŨҵɱ


1795 ˽λ

ūƸٹˣ׼֮˳š
û¡ʽҲûпˣŵ죬ֻʮ񵤣Ͼ񵤶ͨ˵ޱݳޡ
Ҷһֱһ¥֮Ϣȥģһˣ뿪ȥˣʣ·ʥ뵶ūȻҶȫȨ
ﵽ߽λΪٶҲߣõģⲻУţӭ⡣
һ¿ŵ̻ᣬΪƷʸҪʱЧȥ顣
¹ȥ˿ŵգʮ񵤣Щÿֻмţòҵݡ
ν»񵤵ƷʣҶΪ˽⣬ϼ£Ϳʼлͷţһ£Żת
ʬ壬ָһָˣֻʣʮߣҲˡ˻ӻδعʥأǴԸûᣬӦÿ찲ҡ
֮УҶҲעһһУʥأûǿʱʱ̸̿ӦҶֻҪ˻ӣΪֻа˻֪Ĵڡ
ڻԪѴﵽ˱״̬۷ûжپ룬ҪһЩʱ
콣һʽʽͨеĲ಻ˣڵΪ߶ȻǼΪͨԪתΪھ֮ὣ߶
ͨ壬Ӿ份ڣںо飬ԺһӶл档
˹¼Լ֮ʣ¾Ҷĵ콣
ͨõ͸¶ͨ·̺ܣʴӵõʼҶȴδʩչһֱ֮С
콣ȷĪ⣬컯ȭ޼ս˻ơ֮ڰ׾Щ֮ͨ⣬ҶУǿͨ
һʽʽͨ徭Уھ֮УὣҪǺѣǿԴ߶ǻδﵽĸ߶ȣҶҪʩչкܴǯơ
ͨҪʩչʱҲҪﵽ߲Ϊ
Ҷвȱͨż콣ӦΣ֡
Ԫڴﵽ۷״̬
Ҷū뷽ʥһ뿪ѡһɭ֡
ý磬Ϣ߶һ޴¯ʼȼգκؾ֮飬壬Ҳص
ؾʼӿ¯ʩչ򣬸ǧ״ɭ֣о˴һ󷨣ձΪӿҶڡ
ಣ
һȫԪʼ
ʱ߿ԴҲϵԱγưԪԪʧѪ⡢ϸ
һ˿Ԫûˣͳͳ𵤡
һֻֻˣҶȴ߶ӡΪˣԪ֮а衣
Ԫ󲻶Сʼپ
һֱδУʱ빥֮ͨУὣʥǹһĴڣͨĲ
֣Ҷ뵽֮еһȻΪ̫һ𣬱㲻˼
콣޷ʹãʩչ
¹ȥ
ʱʱ̶̿ԪֻʣһɴСҶ˫һϣ־ȫڽӡ֮ϡ
ˣ
ӡԪȻ䣬Ԫ󲻶תӡӿ룬һ£ΪһߴСΪһŽɫԴ
ڰ˿Դɹᡣ
˽λô̤˰˽λ
ָоҶ뵽ɡɵȾ磬ԼɽɡɵȾ磬տʼͻٶȶܾˣڣȴ
ǰھ磬עʵ
ھ磬һʼںȻ˽
󾳽Ҳһѭ̣糬Խɽ磬ҲҪһںʱӵӵſ׷ܡ
žžž
ԴոᣬҶȾ׼
ʼһ顢ըͣʹ಻Զӷ絽磬̫Σʹľ
ʱ߿Դڰ˿ԴʼͬҶȷӦԱ仯ҲһֺӯĸоһƮо·һ־ٻš
̧ͷһ񷣬ﵽ˴۷壬ǺεȵĺأʵǿһΪߵӵߣһعĴڡ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬һ춯
߶֮ԭǰ˻ӻعϣҶȾϻ
Ҷȼٴ߶飬ɼ񵤣Լӡ֮Щ̫һҪʼ顣
֮ɣԪʮֿ飬ڲʼںϣͨ壬俪ʼͨȻ߶ǧͼ

һ
ʹӰ⣬ա
ıòҶȻǰ̾˿ţҶȽֱ
̾ͼˣ֮ǰʶͣһ󲿷ֶǸ߲λֻʮˡ
˻Ϸʾ⼸£ҶȾԱ߲Ʒȴš
⣬˻֮
˴αʳΪ˧Ȼܵ죬һǴ󽫣ҽƣ˭ҲĸԸҺ䱾ʴĻ̫Ӷжͳͳ̤;Ϊ
ǣү
һȡʤλȻõӦõõĽҪǣʴӴڴλߣҪڴʲôҲӷ㣬ҵõӣȻǺô
ҵףػİү
ʮ֣ͳͳش
һڸ뿪˻ҲӴƹһҶȣ¶ЦݣкҶȲʩ
ȥܲұɢϢŹʱ䣬ὥ죡
˻ʹòձȻЩŵͳüʮ֮󣬱ʾͻŴ򽫻ͶһУѰ˽Ӧ
׼Ҷȭ
̬ȣȻð˻Ӻ⣬߶һźȻƿλ
䶼ʮ£òˣҲڣʮͨǵ˫ͫ⣬ûκ֮
˫֮ͫУһâҡ
оѵ˾ͷ
үͨһ¡
˻ӿҶȣһ֣ˣΪԭ򣬶£֮У˱ĸݺʧˣе׷ɱ֮ǶûˣǷ飬û˻·ԸΪʿ㣬뽫ѰҽʹڲҲҵ̽ӣ
ԸһԹ޻ڣӣһοͷ
ȷҶȿĳоֹǴڱܣĺܶ԰˻أֻ˵˻£ģȷ򵥡
Ҳ˼ְգҶӦһ䡣
˻˫ͫһ⣺²ǿ֣ߣεˣҲֻ㣬ЩֻͣΪ棬Ѱ֮Ϊãңһֻͬ㣬Ϊ˽ʹ㴦Σ֮С
Ǿ仰Ҹ󣡡


1796 ·ɱ
ǰںʥ֮£궼û˵ʹһȻ˽ģռΪУ뽻ҵĸӵУ̫֮ĸ硢߸ˣ˼ȻңѵõϢһõʹǿɲΪΪԼõһǿ
ԹűﶼԡʱǿռУ֮
仰ͻȻԱӺ棬ڽʹһֱûдʲôߣֻǽÿһĻʵۣһת˻һࡣ
⵹Ҷȸоܺ档
εȵأҶʱӴ˻֮߻ĻӶǲ򵥵
һõıȴһֱϸ
Ҷüô꣬һֱ
ʮ֮˾Űɣ֮⼸ǧ֪ɳٵʿδȻ֪Ҵ硢ĸ߸ǣǲиӾ˵ֶΣõ˸ܣˣʱ䲻࣬ȥ׼һϣۼ
˻ϰһҶȸ첲Ҷȭʩ뿪˲
ˣһҪ죬κβأ
뿪һ󣬻δ߳ҶȾ˻ӵ
ǣˣʿڻش
˻ӵͻȻãҪ죬ҲһҪõʹ֮С˽߱Ĵ֮֮һõû˽ģΣˣҲҪ
һӡ
߳ҶʮƽͷһƳ˼ϸ壬ʲô¶ǽ̰ĹµһĴڣȥˣ˻ӡվλãȻ޿ɺǣĳȻԼΪģ˵ʲôֵܣһңǾе˼Ҳ֣
ʱ˿̣ҶѾȷ˻ӵĹϵ
ȻǺϵܳΪ󣬰˻ˣȻҶߵţֻţѣΪԼ棬ҶȻһƷǶԷʱġ
ȻҶҲڴ˻ܴ˫֡
֮һδΰ˻ӣ˻ӣΪֵܣΪС
ܳΪֵܵˣ֮Уֻն졢ħ
ˣ䡣
˻ǳĻ̫أУ˵ʮ仰һʵģѾ漣ˡ
£ĵķӣûʲôô
ӷ絽ɽ磬ҶȾ̫˻һתֵ֮Уʱ֮󣬾ͻص
УԪӣϾҪʿǰҪһߺʬ壬߲Ҷڰ˽λ
֮ʣūʥһ
մ磬ҶȾ
ʿԳ˴磬˻ֶһЩϸڣóһöҶȵｫӦϵ
֮Ҷ뿪
ɳȻ䣬ߵһɺһֱڣ󷽡
Ҳ˵˸١
֪ǰ˻ӣҵˣǡ룬ʱ鷳ȻҲϣǰ˻ӵˡ
ʿǸ߲Ϊһλλ˸պǲͬ磬ʵǲǿߡ
ҶҲԼ˶ҶҲΨǴӡ
ϲٶȣ˷죬ѾԶһ߽磬һСҲΪĸ
ѡһɽͷϢ
磬ѾϢ
ոչȥʱҶȾһ˻ƵӺ󷽼ɭд
֮ʮƿǸɭֻϡ
̫үܷŹ⼸ˣܻ׽ͻ׽ȥʵڲУǡ
һɱϢĸ֣һЦ
Ҳ˸оһ
̫ӵãǰ˻ӣ˻ӹ˼ңǡ˵ʵѾüҵˡ
Ҳʿľδʲô˼ʵϣǱȻţ԰˻ӵ
˻ӵڶ࣬ҾӦãΧ½磬˵˻ᰵжǶ֡ԭҶȻʿԼһݵġ
˱Ͳúý磬ڵõҶѣһӲҴ⣬Էĸ򣬴ɽͷɭ֡
ҲڴʱҶʮѾΧɭ֡
һս޷⡣
ͨ塭
ԷԼٶȵóʮ̫ӵĸ֣Ǹ߲ʵҪǿһЩԸ߲ҶȻǶ֡
ǰ׼ͨ壬ǱڱԶʩչ֮ԶҶרѡͨʵӵӦ֡
ৡ
Ȼ䣬ɭ֣ھҡڵ
ʿõĽãԷˡ
ɱ
ʮ֣һ飬˷Ӷ
䣡
ʿҲɭ֮Уֳ··ɱ
СǸ˽λв񡭡
һɱˣĿҶȡ
Ҷƺ޸֮ǰ̫Сˣв񣬾ϲҲֻҪһָͷ
߳
ȴҲҴ⣬ɱ£һˣһɻֱף߰Ҷѹ
ٿ
޶̷ҶɲǼ䣬ڻʱɳɽͷ
¡
ɽͷըΪƽأ

̷Ȼһ취˸߲񹥻
ǣ߲ٶȣҲǳصģҶȸո뱬ը𻨲һˣ׷һȭҶԴ
˿̣˾á
Էһȭһ֮ϣǾγɵı㣬󲿷»ȥߴҲһͽλ߲
û뵽һв񣬾Ȼӵı֮ˣһδնɱҶȣһ𾪡
ıףһʥ񷨱ˣһһңߡ
û뵽õһʥˣһ֣ͬ
ৣ
׷ɱȥ
ڽ
ٶ̫죬ҶȸշɹԶ˾׷ҶͻȻ¶ڴЦݣ˫һᣬĽӭȥ

̣
ָв񹥻棬һȭڽǰ̫һˡ
֮ȴΪһƬ𣬲סˣҹ
ʲô𣿾ȻҴһо˴󾪲ѣΧһëĲУȻ߶ͨ

𣬶ӿйʧˡ
ǳװǼˣҲٲҶȣǸСһвʥ˹ͨ
˸Խӡ콣ҲһӰɫȭӰ˴߶أγһĹΧһҪҶնɱ
䣡
Ҷƴܣٶȣֵ߲ͨ
һʱ䣬ﷶΧɭ֣գȫǸֱĻݺᣬɭֳΪ˷档
֣ʱΧΧ棬һۣȴҶȲˣһɭɭЦв̫ˣʥ񷨱ֲںϣֻǿ߶֣֮ͷӶʣ
ˣҲ񣬿̫ӸճԣӦþƬ֮£ʥ˿ɶûУοһʴջ񣡡
һ̰ЦЦˣһ档


1797 

ʱҶȴʩչ֮߶ǧͼһ֮գЦݣ߲񣬾ȡҶȵҵҲֵ̫Ǯˣ
ҶСΪڸ߲֮ͨ£˾ˣᣬߣӵ֮ԼԴǧͼ
һ֣ԿԶܸ߲񹥻
ʱҶȷΪˣһ޹أӲ֣ƴһܾˣûбҪ֣ȻֵøС
ˡӦòκ𻵡
գ߲ǿߣʩչͨһ⣬֮£ӦϢһæµͷһ໥ңҵ㡣
Ϊ޷ӦκϢ
̫ϳ
һвڸ߲£ữΪ촷ۣʣһʥͬԸ߲Ϊûκοܣʥ񷨱Ҳܡ
£һʥ񷨱ôʧˣ
ѵ
һȻͬʱ뵽ʲôΪµ飬һ˫üֱпܣ룬СӡţҾΧһʥƽ޹ʵʧ
ȻֻֿܡǾãһвͨ£˶޷ҵͬȸ֣Ϣʧͨ
ҲʲôͨһһϢСӵʲôˣ
ǷСӵȷǴͷһһףҵȸ߲Ī
ˣ󾪺
Ȼ޷ţвʹƤӵ¡
ʧˣ
ԭΪˣҲͻһ֮һͲñ¶ҵܣΰǲֵġ
䣬ڷգҶȵնĶƮ޶һԣżɱ
һһ΢ʱܣһӰҲûУѵǬˣ
һ䳰СӣŪ飬ΪŲôֽϻҲܲĺŪҵȳΪ̫ͣݺ꣬ɲǱܵġ
Զԣ㱻ֻֽϻסˣҲɲǻָ֮ǰɱʱذҶȳ֡
ֽϻ
ҶȵͻȻĮ˼㡣
أ
һҺɫĹ߲ǰСͻȻƾʧ
ʲô⣿ΪҶʩչͨϸȴǸСųһ亹

֮УΪǿ󣬴ﵽλ߲ĺˣͻȻһһڵӰӣڵʯ֮䣬ײĺ󱳡
ɲǱײԶҺƤѪɢڿ֮С
Ҫˣ
ۣ
˵Ĳᣬ֮УҲʲôҲûеİգͻȻҶĮЦݣһˮâҲ̫ϵԣһֱ߲ˮâ֮£Ϊ˰衣
磡
ˣֱ֮󣬲֪ʲôɲȥˡ

δ棬ѸײߺţͬʱСβһڣһƣͬʱײҲǸϡ
ͣ
ͬʱһѪײˣǵͽλ߲žȻһϴСѪ⣬˴ѪëȻԼҲţԱɵĺȡ
䣡
һײռ䣬ϢʩչҲײԴײʬҲ޳Եˡ
֪ļһԼײڵϣҪѰҪԹҡ
ǸɵĺˣΪͣƺոͻƸ߲񣬼ͬĪˣŵתӣҶȵȴǰ
˾͸ǵǺηʥ
ۣ
˵꣬һӰǰﶯ֣һ޼սȻø߲޷ӦţȻ󴫵һɹĺĻ档
Ҷֳ޼ս֣ĮȻץסֻҪشҵ⣬ܺʹȥ̫ǰǷ˸֣
ûûС֪ΪΣ˾ȻʵʵҶһ仰ѿڶ
ž
ҲôһĺᣬͱҶƣİ˻ƣǡʱûʹʧȥʶ
ʬҲֶޣһȥ
߲֣ôԼ֮;
ͷŸӦҶΪɽͷ֮Уǻɱ֮Уƺĸʿˡ
ΧɱȻҶû˹ϵɲɱ֮Уؾĵȴš
һ֮
Ȼʿֻ˻ŻһŲ̶ͬơ
һĻҶҡҡͷ뿪ɱ̫һڽʱӾֲ֪ж˰װ
Ϣ֮˼·
ֻһʱ䣬˾һǰ

ģ࣬ʹ룬Χмǳأ۹һ̽籣š
Ҳ򽫻ᵽսϢžƺһ˯״̬Ҳ֮һ㡣
ķȻǴ󿪵ģкܶʿѲߣҶʿȻţȻ߶˻µķ
˰ʱ
ӳ߳һֺ˰ˣƺһ֪ȣʿԵúܿ
뿪֮⣬Ҷʿ֮˳
Ǻǣѵйã룡
ǰӭҶˣѣҶҲԵӦӦȻš
һţ˰ҶȣشѾõϢ֪ϢԺηѾ֪үΪ˧֮򽫻ս׼գҪرճţӡ磬κ˳룡
Ҷʲôû˵һֱš
֮ţΪ˳뽫
֮һҾ¥ԭϰ壬Ҷһӡ֮ΪҶȵȽܹڽԼʹϢʹѽϣһ޷У
ûа취Ҷȷһ
ҵȷǱ뽫꣬Ȼ׼ǴһǺ⣬ʱ䣬ͨһͨͨʳ֮УʹڣҲǵֵΪʹֻҪʹϵ
⵹ĺܣ
ǻʹͼǴʲôʱʹ
ڽɣȽȥ̽һ̽
аʱ䣬¾ͲŸλϢ
վȥ뿪֮ڷ⡣
̲˼֪ӵƺҲʳ֮У
ʾʿȱĿҶƿӲӵĻʹ֮ɽ¥ҪΪ˻治򵥣ʽΪβõʹȷЩ˵ȥ
иּìܣҪõʹвΪܣдǧͼҲԿڶ֣˲ǽмӣ첻ã۴ķ棬Ҷȶ޷Եס˻ӡ
ԺҪڴ𽥷չȥʧܣȻð˻뷨߼ȻѴڣҶȾбҪúþӪȥ
ζȡʹҶ޹أʵкܴĹԺܲڴչȥкܴԭ
ΪΪ˽ǧͼռֱֵȫԸ
һȻӳʹȻʧҶתͻصλʼ


1798 Ǳʹ
Ϣ죬ɫ𽥰
뼸֣Ҷ뿪¥ʹֱȥ
ʻʹ滷ӡ
Ǻӡ
㡢㱣ŻʹһǺӣʹĳţѹرգһػš
㻤ǺӣһƬ
ʯƿǽʹܵ
֣ΧҶˣһ龧ʯǰʯһ̣˰н֮Աߣһ
ͻͻͻ
ʯƿȻ¶һܵպֻһ˽ȥ
Ҷȵͷ֮󣬱ʿܵһͨܵȥ󲻾ãھͱʯϡ
һʱ䣬ܼžڸţûκԼļҶȿƻ򣬲ǰԼһʱ֮
ܵͷһʯǽ档
ҶȰսӦķҲϷһһ仨Ϳơ
ǣ
ǽһ´򿪣ǰһƱķϺܳʱĹԷ
˳󣬰ܵغãԷ˾ס洦ǻĲݣԼһЩüҾߡ
ſڣѸӦΧϢǻʹʿ֮䣬ԷΧûκϢ
˼һᣬҶȱ߶Ӧһ
˱ڹԷ֮еȴ
ԼĪʱ֮ҶȾ͸ӦһϢԷֹһᣬһӰ빬Է֮УҶϵķҲ
˾ǻʹڵĽӦ
Ϣ˸˫ڰĿײȻһ˾ԷڣҶ˱ȭ֮ȡϺڽһʮ¡ִƤڵˣҶǰ
ѵȺʱ
׳˵Եòİʥ뽫йصǿ֮󣬻ʹѽֹ룬˴αϢҲһ籩뽫ǿߣ׷׻ع飬ΪǱҲӦϣ磬̤ƽ
Ҷȿ׵Ӧһ䣺⣬ᣡ
ԷְѻʹܣʵʲôҪ뾡ǣԺһһĽĵط겻κ˳֣ǿͨʹʱԺԷҲûģ
ĿǰֻҪһϸĻʹͼ
׼ã
ºӻһץһ򣬱㽻ҶȣҶȲʲôȭǱȥ
ɨʹͼһͰѻʹǵ
²˳٣ҶҪȥɵĵطһʿҪֿж֮УɳһˣͬУʹȴһ£ҲиӦ
ͬΪߣﵽλ߲ʿڡ
ǶҪСģǱ֮Уʱʱ̶̿Σգκпܷ򲻿ɴ⣡
뿪֮ǰҶصʿŴһʿԽǽһѾ֪û߶Ĺȡ
ͷһĴţһԽ̾ͳһȣ඼ԣͼϸб࣬ÿʱѲһΣû˴һǰһȽΰĹԷ
ԷһйʹܲڵĹҶȻǽظӦһûвѰĵطϢһ
Էǵһλй
ҶʿԽϸǽǰּ¥Լһ
Ȼ߲йܷŹһɨԷʮͬѰѲߵϲ񣬻мֻ߲ǵͽλ߲ˡ
ҵΪ޷ȥףȥûĵطҶȼΪ侲ؿʿ
ʿ֮󣬴߶߲Ϣı죬Ծй֮С
Ҷһǲ뱩¶Լĵ̣ʿ֪ͣǻ߰˻ӣ
νʿҲ˻ӣ㱨̣ҶҲ¶ԼԽʹһ˿Ȥ
ȴ֮࣬Ҷ˼ܣͷߣǰԷ
˵ϸһһЩмֵĶ
һͳƫ˻ƣΪ̵Цʾ͸óΪʵۣӰʥز˵λҵĵλȴҪŮˣ
ϷУŮɫһ欵Ŷ
ԭʵ۵Ůˣ󷽷͵飡
ԭҶʮְգʲôȴ飬עϸʱȻҶһ𣺡Уҽң洫ϧϲģǸôˣһֱûʲôջ񣬶ҾԪģԷԪˣףΪʲôŮɫ˰ɣ
ū֪Щ˴ܣүε֪ģ
ҿǵ壬˷֮⣬˭ҲδҲ֪Ĵ󲿷Ϸʣ޷еܣҲֻ棬Ųܣ̫ҺҪҵȷõλУӣҾǹҧ
ԭүûȾָλ˼
λʲôǵõǹһСС治ʲôʥ˵һٸ̶֥ΣűóѣҽҴûͷԵֵδԣ
ūҡ
ģʱ޷ֵҲ뿪ûˣԶʧ
ūҶˡ

һԻ뷿֮󣬽žǷƸꡣ
ҶҲûȥе㽫ʹϢҲһջ
ԣʹȵλ޷Ȼʵƿأֻǲʲôطֲôһֱ޷ڡ
ô࣬ʹĿԣǼģһ˶ҪЯ󣬲ʹǻʵУȥ⿴ԼһЩܵĵط
˼ͷӬҴܣص㻹ǵʵۣԻʵ۵ΪԼݣ׿ģ
һʱ
ಣ
ʿʹ·ԾǽͷҶ棺ûջֻλйһһֵͨͨǣطٶһأֻǲʲô˶ûУ
ԽǿƽĵطԽǲ
Ҷһû뵽ǰʿ֣ȻԼҲǸһжпܣҲȻؽԺ鿴һ
ûκҶԾ¸ǽСԺ
صԺûκ֮ʿҲûʲôͬѰĵط˾ۻ֮ϢڽԺƵ¥֮Ϣ
죬˶ûжһ£Ϣȫޡ
Ҷڰؾͨ壬ھ䣬񵤡
񵤣ֻСͬģ󲿷ҩ֮ҶҲܰѺñóȥ
ԪӸոͻư˽λ֮󣬾ڲϻָ֮УȻȻδﵽ״̬ȴҲ㹻ҶӦκΣա
˽λв񣬾Žλֻһ֮ң
Բ֮󣬾ϲڴǣǽϲ֮󣬳ΪӢӣΪʥµӣõһܱӻǾŽλ۷壬ںѪӣԼӵԴ
ϧ;˻£ȻʥԼ֮У̤Žλʱ䣬ԽԽ̣ȴңңڣҲҪʱ䡣
ǸóˣǼκη紵ݶһҪʱǡ֪ڶҹ١
Ҷʿһ뿪˽Ժ


1799 ʹµܵ
ã˾ǱڵĹԷ
ȻʿԾ¸ǽҶϷȴʩչߣԷڵûʲô쳣
ԼĪһʱ֮ʿͻˡ
ȻûҪȥʿǽ
Ҷȵͬ⣬һͬԾ¸ǽȣʩչͨ뿪һδο󷽵ƫ
Ҳһ԰պôһԣﵹûжһ󣬵ȴ뿪֮
ʯװΣõƻ𣬾ԵһƬͨӦһƿԾС
Ȼʿ˵ԵüΪͨûκѲߣҲֻǰڷһЩ鼮ԣûгƵǱƷ
Ψһ֮ͬ빬ԷһȣԵݸһЩľԼһЩ󷨣ܸܵó
ֻҪǹԷκνʿѲߣʵЩ벻סʿʼѰңƺûջ
ҶҲΧתһȦȴûףʲô
ǶȥԾһ
һϤȻҶȵĶ
Ҳʿ֣˴Ȼ˵֮ˣԷˣ塣
ԾǽԺ档
ʮһػߣҲʮ£һƳֶۣһʮ׷ȴ
߽֮󣬺ϴţ֪ʲô
ǡ
ǰʱȥҶͻȻƶӲ֮д̸ӦֲûϢҲ˵
ڲʧˡ
Ȼваƾʧδ뿪룬ǻͨ뿪˲
ʿƺҲӦʲôϢôʧˣ
ϢôͻȻʧĪǲ棬ʲôذ
ǰҶһ㵡ģȫδӦطʿϸ˵һЩ
˿һ
ǸϢһϢؿ̨̽ͷӷ϶һȻյģʲôûС
ˣȻʧˣ
֮УȻܵǾȴ壬ʲôطðҶ˵뷨ʿȻûзԡ
˾ڴ̨µȴҶʵڰпʼʩչӦԲΪģӦ֮ܵеϢ
ȻӦˡ
һˣʹԼһλãܾۼһ𣬿ϧ޷ǻʹûˣֻˡ
ֻܵҶȻ޷Ӧֻܵȴ
ǰʱһϢڲ·
ǣ
ĺȻ䣬ϷıҲƿ徯ؿķȻ߳˱£һ죬ͻصԭλ
һĻҶʿС
岢δ뿪һ󣬹¶ƣ̬뿪˲
ϽȲǰ«ư£ȻҲƿ¶һ߰ܵ̽ܵñصԭλ
߳ʮײԶͻȻǰܵоʹ棬ܵƵģ֮䣬ҶȻóʹͼԻ幬ԷΪģܵķԭܵһͨʹͨʹķ
пܣЩܵ͸ʻʹ
Ҷȿʿû뵽ջ񣬿ʹ֮ڣ๬ԷϷһܵڣֻΰˣܵ飬ǻһŪģǽ꣬޽ʹʱã
ԺʹԷסʿҲ¶ɫ
Ҷʿ֮˾ֿжͨһȻһʱٻصϡ
ûʿ棬ҶȸӷʩչͨͷŸӦӦ֮ܵûκϢڣٷܵ룬;һЩܵϣԽʹܵԽࡣ
Һֱͨ˷ִǰݺĵ磬ʮ·ֲκϢǼǺţһ˷֣鷳
һʱ֮ҶȾͻˣʿҲˣȥ˻ʹ棬;ЩӡйҶȥ棬õϢࡣ
˾ʱ뿪ܵһ̽
صԺ֮һ󣬻ҶΪ˵ʲôʲô
죬Ҷʿ֮ܵ
ǵĿ꣬ȥʮйûջǾֱӽʹ룬ʻʵ۵йûջ񣡡
Σ˲ٴӻйܵѡһӵĹԷ
Ӹ֪סйȻܵ춼лᣬ˼ӡ
֮ܵУҶʿֻǽƬ̸̣Խһ֮С
յͼԱȣҶȺܿһӵй·ܵڣʩչߣӦûκζ̴򿪵ǰһǽƶ壬ǰҲһֻڲǱǱҲһ𣬸ߴĹ
ƻص֮ҶȾ֮⣬йǽйҲʥصӣڲˡ
йǺܶ࣬ȻҲи߲ǿߣҶȴ߶֮û˸ӦϿ
ܿ죬ʹ
үаΪϣ䱻ĨҵΪȫ޷Ϊү𵤡
𵤡
һᡢȴԵúƣ𣬴żķߺ֮ģʥسԳ֣ҵĽ𵤣ҵԪ񡭡ɶ񣬿ɺޣ
ʥسϣʥȼĴڣǶǸ߲ܺʥ
үֻʵ뼸ϹŶ֣Ϊܽ𵤣лᡭ
ߣ̫ӡ̫࣬˵̫ӱκλӶҪȫԸҪΪ̫ܽ𵤣ʲô
⡭
ڴ
Ҷ֮У
ֻһˣһˣϷǽӣ·վߣһǸ߲߽ףлһвڣӵͣµľӢ
һɨӣȻһΪʧˣԪֻǧ֮һؼûн𵤣ʹһͨն硣
ʥУԴĺһڻӵΪ¶ˡ̫ӻϣָ
ҲһشϢǴ˻ӣкܴãһջ
˿̣޷ѹסĿһɨˣǿɻʲô취
УҲΨһү취ҲУֻǲ֪үԸԸ⣡
µһʲôԸģ˵
֪үǵãһǰүټһλΪˡ
ˣǵˣ˵Ǹ֣Ǳжȡλ˼Ϳȥ˵ʲôȡλ̫ӵΪʲôˡѵҵĽ𵤻ָ
ǰҵ뼫ⷽ˵һƽ٣û˵ʲôһпܱ˵ˣ
ˡ
ĺȻһһ𺳡
ˣʲôܲɣԤ֪δ£
ҶȣҲ𺳣Ԥ֪δɲʲôͨһ޵û˿֤ʵûˣԤ֪δ
úúãȥˣҪʲôͣӹƽһݻӰʵͰϣڼϣƺץס˾ݡ
ȥˣתȥ


1800 ̫
Ӧûʲôջˡ
ʩչ֮ԶȴǸ˺ܸȤֻʲôҴ𵤻ָ
飬𵤣ҪǿߣԼͨſ
ʵۣԼϹŶΪ̫ܽ𵤣ָΪһûаգһˣͿ
ҶȿҪѧѧֶΡ
صܵҶԺðһͷ
ȻʵϹŶΪ̫ܽ𵤣ôֱȥӽ̫жȻиջ
ֱֱʹ롣
̫йλڻʹ̫࣬ǿʵйˣԤʾţ̫ӽҲǾ֮
ܿ죬ҶȾͰյͼ̫й֮£Ӧһ֮󣬴أһƿ¶һưĲҲ֮⣬ʮѲߡ
Ȼ̫ڲǷ˽밵Ƿ˴Ӱܡ
˽ģǷԼˣΪʼˣͨܵȥ磬ʱʱ̶̿ˣĶ
ʮ˶Ǹ߲ҶȰ˽λвΪЩ߲Ҳ޷߶֮Ϣ
뿪һһ㹬Էʮľ޴йǹ֮ࡣ
ҶҲӦϢ̫йǻûиӦʥ񼶱ĴڣһЩΪĸ߽Ϣͷų
Ǿǽ̫ڵĵط
ȻҶȾͲܵ߶֮Ҳ߶ǧͼ¾Ҳ׷Ĵڣ¶ţֻǼٵǿߡ
֮ϢԽԽԣӭϯѹ
ͨӦȷϣһʮˡ
ΧʮأҶֻϷͨգעһһ
ľ֣߶ͳͳһ֮С
ˣΪϵĽ̫ӣ˿Ҳһ̫ϵӣĻһλ
ϧ̫ϵӣҲֲʥ¼Ӱʥش𵤣ϳʥأ³̫
߽λ̫ӵ֮У˽룬ҶȰ̫򶼿ĳ̫ӽ𵤣ڽȻһ
ƺ̫ںϣȡ˽𵤣ʱ洢ԪΪһĸԴġ
治Сˣûʵ뵽ƻľİ취һ̫ںϣΪ硭
֪֮ҶȾ¶㵣ҲѧһЩ飺κ޷ȡ𵤣ҲûգΪ̫ܽ𵤣Բ뵽ְ취Ϊ̫Ӵһ취
ˣͨҶ˽Ӧȷһ붼඼Ǹ߽λ߲һɲ
ȻһҶȵĶ䣺оˣ⡮ޡڵںϣȷǿԿȫԪɻԵЩģ
̫ӣĪҪż޵ڵǺòףһطģ̺츳̫ɺת
ʱ취
ϹŶڰο̫ӡ
ޣ
ԭֵҶȣĸ֣㾪ģԺһ䣺ĩǡ񣬾ǲ֪ʲôطõһޣɽ棬ɷ棬ͨΪˡĩȻ壬ѹ
һϯͷ벻̫ӵڵȻһͷ޵ڵ
ɲǼ䣬˽ϹŶ⡣
ޣ;ĳޣڵȻҲ̺һ뽫̫ںϣõ޲ʹý̫ӿԼԦԪ
٣ںڵоŲܽ𵤵ĻᣬǲС
ִ̫ӼΪ
̫赣ģҵϹŶȫ̫ӻָˣͬ˵
ϼݵ
Ȼ̫йΧһ֮
ʻʵۣ
ҶһȤȴҲ֪ΪҲѾﵽʥ񾳽磬ԸС߶ǧͼȻںϡ
ȻӦ˵Ϣд߲ϢûʥϢһ޵Ϣ͸
ϢˣȻǵʵۣҲһ𵽴ʥڵľͷ
ʮֻ֮һѮ۵ߣһȺִӵ߲˫Ƶ磬ŭŵòڴ
ʥǡ
һƵ˵õŷڱһɣ뷲˲ͬϢ
ʻʵ۵ΪФĪֳϣ̫Զ˿ֻʥһλλ֮Ĵڡ
ҶҲܵһѹȣʥصĳϣ㵣Ѿ彫ʹΪžǵͽλʥ
ʥڸ߼󣬳Խ˲ڣÿһ磬޴ÿһҪͻƣȲ򱶡
ܴﵽʥĸһ
ҶԷһʵۣʮҲһ䣬۵λ䡢ʥʥʵһġ
ϣ
򽫻ʻʵ¹
ʵ۽ҶҲֻ¹
̫塭
ʻʵ۶Խ̫ӣ΢Ĺػϧֻκߣȴûһ˫ܿ͸κʵ۾
һЩղžۼ󳼣ҲȷϡѾۼرֳɼ·ɴ˻ӣΪ˧
ʻʵۣһҶȣԼڳˣһ
ʲôʣ̫ˣʥ¼δƽϢǾ͡޲ðεж̫ӷŭĺȵ
֮¾ˣԪǺγʱʱ̲˻ᣬȻȻս𣬲þͻȼҳҲھۼ֮У
©ƫҹꡭ
̫ӣЩ½Ϊǣ㰲ˡ
ʻʵ仰ڣ˷׷뿪ֻʣϹŶһˡ
֣ڴķ÷
ҶԪ߶
Ԫ뽫̫ӵڣĳڲڵԪں֮Уֻ뽫̫ӹ⡣
ڵΪԴﵽһǿеѭ״̬
ʵۣǲǿںϡ
ԶԣӵһִһϢںڵԼӿڵ̫ںϣ
ãȷǱԴ
֣ͳĽ֮

Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˫üһбȻģȻ֪ʲô֪һǲı
ͯϹͨ𣺡ˣǿıǱȲбԴ󣡡
ŶҶȸӺ棡
һЩ̺⻷֮Уһʯ״̬֮ЩأŨҵкĴڣЩʿϲĲɼ֮ɼ֮СƷкܴãһЩں֮γɵһʣγʱ䲻̫񡢻𾫡ֱԴҲ̺֮ϱ
ˣϾҪ̤ŽλλǰԴ֮Уô˾ͻӵԴΪԴԺںԴҲף


1801 
𣿡
ͯһͣҶͻȻԤʾΪ˻ǱΣķĽԵõһ

֮ǰںʥѵõѪӣֵõһ˳ںϣʵֻӺܶࡣ
Ҷ뵽һ⣬ʵں֮󣬸ںбԴԼҲпܣΪߵĻ᣿
ͯϵˣū޷ش⣬Կ϶һ㣬ںȻ˶һֿܣ޷ΪߣҲʵϣ˴ܴɱ䣡
Ǻǣ˵ҵ취õ
ȱԵõɱԽǺܵõȻܴλᣬǰɴδйȻ

ҶȰХһʹͲˣκֻҪǴԪԣѾûж
ǳΪߣһκܺõĻ
Щʹ࣬ǿдڵںϣһҪס
û£˶ˣʹ࡭
̫ӴжĻӦ

ɻǣһҽС
ҽУΧ˳ֹȻ²Ϊʵ̫ӣ֮У˲⡣
Ӧ֮£Ҷȷһɴ֮Ȼ˽̫ӵڣԷҲڲ֮еڵ
ûеõʹϢȴջûܵʿ桭
ٵȥҲеջ񣬲ǹ뿪뿪֮У򿪻أܵ
ʮ֮ʿ֮ܵм档
лӵΪд붼ϣûзϵĻӣһЩϲһ߲ҲûС˳ԺȥʿҶȽ
ҶȣҲڽӡԼ̫йõһϢʿ֪صԺ֮һֱһ
ಣ
ãһƷԺ
Ҷ֮˲ϢӦԭ֮ǰǸӦҶȺ֣˲δٻˣΪˣ
ѵǰ˻
ҶȻһѽõ鱨˻Ӷϵķ˻Ӵݶȥ
λ
ӰϯֳӰӦգʩ񣬺ĵλ֪⼸ջҲδ̣
ǡ
ʿش𣬾ͱҶסǰһջ񲻴ֻǷִ󲿷ֻӣΪˣ뾡취ָΪ
Ҷ˾ٶǺӦȫ׽ʲôûλҪ̸鷳κҪܿڱǣ¾ȸˣ
Ӧʩ֮תȥ
ô
ӦԶȥʿ׵ؿҶȡ
ͻȻعʽչƺҲ̫ˣǻǵۣȻǶǴӦȴܴ԰˻ҳϣĸƤ˭֪ô꣬ЩǱڶӦû˽뷨
˽ͣʿ˲ϢˣòҶȣںȻĲҶȵһв񿴴
ʱ˿̣Ժ֮⣬һȣվż
ոһףżƹȣ֮ԱһæʵΣǿɵõʲôõ鱨
ƺ
Ӧüͷһ壺Ӧջ񣬷һˣǰ㾯ǶǴˣǰ˸ʣ
ҲѰֱˣԱһһ̾
ֵǣ֮ǰ£Σ˻ȻΪ˧ʵֶΣү
ӦһɨΪ뿪뿪ѣҲкöꡭүЩΪǣչ˼ˣչǵˡүŵǣΪЧһΪʵۣһΪ󽫣
ǵЧҵǵϡ
˻һ˶Ĭˣһˣʮìܡ
ֵܣ
Ӧ򣬿Ȱô꣬ʵΪ㡢Ϊʲôʱ粻үҵĻҵͱ˶𣿡
˵ļǣνľܣΪЧ꣬Ǳ⽫ԶҲûȥˣүûл˵ҾӴү
Ҳǡ
һ˼֮һìܣ׷ѡվĻһ
Ӧʱ߬ȭͷ¶Цݣͼ򵥶ˣˣǰ˻ĸҲǻʵģżǣǣǶǵ裬үǣүõʹ
ǣѵǳ֣
ǳ֡˵죬Ǳ뽫Ҫģֻɿ𣡡
һ¶Цݡ
һƸޣĮЦݣȻת¶׳˶󱳣ɱԺ
Ժ֮УҶڱĻȫ벻˻ᱻ

֪ʲôʱͻȻһƿٶֱӵԺ
Ҷ˶Ӧˣ̧ͷһʱɻһ⣬ԺգȻͻȻıըԺӡ
ãǹ˰ټ¶
̼䣬ҶȾͲ³ͻĻ⣬ͬѰ𶯡
ʿһһ󺧲ѡ
ΧԺ
ֻ˻δӦʱƷԼĽŲڽԺķ
ಣ
һʿֳִ䵶ӸǽԾ𣬷׷վǽͷΧԺҲ飬ʿֱӳ˽ƾɵĹȥ
ϺɱһѪ·ߡ
ʿ˾ƣرΧˣܶųȥǺڻһˣһᣬǺԥѻҶȡ
ҶҲû֨Ժ㡢ΧˮйͨȻʿϲ񣬵Ҳд߲ǿڵȴš
ΪɱΧȻҶҲֻѡԻֻ£ǳ֣ᱩ¶Լܡ
ɱ
ʿ̴Ҷȣͻ֣һ⣬ɱ
䣡
߲ʱնɱʮʿըըһȱڣ̱ȥ
£
ǰΣһ߲ͨʿ˲ʩչͨʮ˺ɱ

һʱ䣬綼ǽײҶܵλɱֱΧ֮¡
ͣ
ʿ⵽Χ϶Ѫڣǿ׳׳Ҳֲһ޴ĸŮ
ɼΧǶô¡
磬һ
ȥ˶ֻ·һʿͻȻǰָ¸һ㣬һʱӪ
ɢԱը
ŵöɫҪ֪߲Ա̫ˡ
䣡
ѾˣʿٹѪģǳ˽ȥ
䶯ʹıըΧ󲿷ֶ𿪣ֱټʿˡ
Ҫӵڴ
ֻʣҶǿʿĺȻһ䣬Ҷһģλ߲ǿһҶȻ˫˳ȥӱը֮УʧЩˣ׷ȥ
ȥ
Ȼ䣬ʿһֳһ񽣣赲ǰὣһĽ£¶˾ЦǾһͬµɡ
ɱ
ʿΧһʱ䣬ͨʬ
䣡
ʮ֮
ԺһըһαըӿֲըӼԷ˶Ϊƽأټʿڷ֮С


1802 
˲䣬Ҷ޷ӦʿϢ
߶֮ԼǧͼԶ뼸֮⣬ƯڻʹգԺǧǿ߰ѽԺΧʵʵһֻҲɽȥ
֮ǰӦ˻Ӵݹ
ҶȻǰϢ˻Ӵȥ
ʿ䣬ҶΪΪʿǵĹޣˣ廹ϵˣֻԼԸıˡ
˻Ӳǿɽʥءʥءʥءȵȶǿɽ
ɽΨԼ
ܿ춯߶֮󣬰˻ӵ˵£֪֣̫Σգ뿪
ֻҪҴӦ˵£ﵽĿΪֹӷģǾ仰Ҹ󣬻ˣҶֻһ䡣
벻ľӢ󵹸Ͷĸ磬õλõʹҰģȻң˷ֽпҲܵЩԼˡţ֮һ仰Ҫúñأ
󣬰˻֮У͸ŨŨĹػ
ҶͻȻøЩʲô
ǷծǮѪծѪ
߶龻֣ʹ֮УӦӦϢҺ֮ǰҶһۣѴϢӡ
ˣ
ԺԶʱӦӦ
ವһ£ʧգ֮䣬ҶȾͳһйԱߵϷֻӦʮˣ֮ϡ
Ǹ߲ȻǵͽλҶҲĿ֮£Ѵץס룬ǵ࣬Ϣʱٶ֡
һȾǰ졣
Ӧһֻ࣬صϢй֮С
Ҷȸʱ˺Ӧķ䣬߶ߣҶȾ˼˵ͳ
ѴˣѵԱֻһ䲻Ӧ˳
ӳôʹڽϣûΪӦ·ˣֻ취뿪ʹ
һǳΪ˰˻ӵĵˣ

һնͻȻǺӦһȻǶ֣ҲȷЩӦΪϾʹضУŻȥ˻ӣƸǣҲԵŰ˻ӵ棬ۣôˣ۱磿
˵ļǣһ죬ȴôͣô˵Ҳ˵ǣҲûֱ֤ݣ֤ʵйأ
Щ˻֪ûк뿪ʹĻΪɽһû֤ݵ£˻ӻܰôӦˣ
ֵ˵ĺãĻѾŰ˻ӵˣŴɱ򽫻ǵĿӣҪͷˣҪĻӵҵ˵еܵڣõĻҪõĶҲͿʽع
Ӵǲ
˶ԺӦΪס
ĻӵҲˣúãȻǱʹһҲȥЩˣҲ԰˻и
û뵽ĺϢУҶЦĺϲ£죬ҳɱ
⼸˶ҶȾһһλλĸ߲񣬻ӳҪɱǣֻһ֡
֮ǰҪʱЩˣͨǣҵĻӵ
һᣬҶȾһԷ֮Уͨܵ
ʿûˣҪѰҽʹʱ̣ҪȽʹˮ棬Ȼǽܣ֮ʱʻʵŻ᲻ѣƱԼ뿪
ͨܵҶԴǧͼٶȣܿͲ鿴ʮйûʲô֣ٴйʱȴջ
ʱʻʹ࣬ҹѾûʲô߶ʹ͸ɱ·ÿ˶֪ս
йҲӽһ㣬뼴սйأҲ֮ǰԺ¼йϵ
߶ǧͼȻûзҶϷ
Ϊһ΢аϢϢҶˡ
ˣΣ
˰ʱ֮󣬴˳
һ˻ơЩصӦүʵʥسǺ֮Ҷûʣ£Ҫָ𵤣ʥ񶼲ףֻľͷп
񣡣
һʱ䣬ӵԵʮֵ
ҲҲһǿ桰ʡҲδﵽĸ߶ȣ򽫻ͲڵԽһš
ˣаϢˣĪǾǼˣ
ڴϷҶȣӦڲһж¶ɫ֪ܰӻָ
ֻǣϸӦȴ˸ӲͬѰĴڡ
ô£ӵϢԼˣŨҵƴ֤ڤڤ֮Уں֮ǰйʣʱż棿ҪǣϢȻкܴƴ
ҶȵĸӦŻ龻ϸӦ֮͵õ˵ջ˫üͻȻһѵˣǽˣ򲻿ܣӵŽѪϢ
һͷͻϮҶļ䣬һ
Ϣ˵ǵѪһϢ㼫ʮҲ޷ӹҶȵĸӦ
ѪֻһͣصļˣǽҵˣпҲǽһλȨȴ֪ΪΣ뿪⽫գ͵͵Ǳ⽫
˵Ϊδﵽʥ߶ȣҿԸӦ΢ϢϢֺޣĪǴﵽˡ۷ΪҲʥʵ
£ҶȸӺ棬һĻڶĳ档
ˣʥж꣬δڵ񡭡ŲĴ䣬ѵҾûϣˣԶΪһӣ
˻ߵó˴ĸı䡣
˵Ҫܽ𵤣Ҫǰѣżнܣﵽʥ񣬲дͨ
ˣ취ǲܿүһӣү׳־ܾȥ
Χͣ׷ǰƺҪΪ򼫷顣
Ƿˮת԰ϵĽӣ벻ǰںˣУûκμֵڣһУδҪˣζ޲Ҹطȥ
ʮʮӶĴڣϦ䣬κβܵ飬пһ̷
޳
ǸӣôҲ뵽ǰİˣȴҵǿߣ˽ԷԷǰһҶȰ˲򵥡
һᣬ˾Ϳˣ취ҲûС
ˣ
һֱĬȵľ仰ʱٹ˼Լݣ˵ʲô취ˣӵˣδֻܿ㣬ܰʻָ𵤣ٻ󣬱Ȼܣ
ˣΪүЧң취ȷУǲһɹ˹ӡ
ܳɹҲʧܣǲǣӼڻϴܣ̫֪취ʲôȴֲӲɼʱϣͷǶô֮
ˣүĻӣӵ޾ıֻҪа취καﶼŪõ
ˣȻΪ˵
취Ҳֻ˵õġ
ɿˣǰȥŽ꣬ȥŽĹż֮أ˵Ҳһ˶ͿյĹż֮Уһϵңһ󷨣ˣУģҽȥʱ󷨼Ѿľ


1803 ܽ
󡭡󷨵ˣҲѾɽˮĵز
Χˣĺͣ١
ǽӣ޲üһѻȫͲӵƶһͨϡﻩȫ˵
Ǹ
ֵ֮УǷһߺǣ󲿷Ѫⶼʧˣ鿴ʬǷһЩʱȻڲͬ
ڲͬ
󣬿ƺˡ
Ľ𵤣Ľ𵤣һ飬ǲ֪ʲôͨɵĽ𵤣ҰѽСȡʱŷֽʵһս𵤣ƳĽ𵤣ʿƳĿܲ࣬棬ѺۣɲǼҾˣˣӦ֮ˣܽ𵤣ҲƳɹһ룡
ͨµƷǿŽ𵤣Ϊܽ𵤡ǿдӱڣģںƬںһƺ𵤳ɹ֪ΪΣ󣡡
渵֮Уźһ̾
ǡǿſܽ𵤡
ԼͣҲϵ֮ڹŽֻ֪ܽ𵤵ڡ
ȻǱռһֱ֮ô꣬һֱδʧȥԣүҪָ𵤣ʱܣںſ֮ܽүԻָһʵԪǿУģҪү컯
˵꣬ƺ߶ӡó˿ܽ𵤡
ܽ𵤣Ǻ⣬ܽѣ˿԰˵Ľ𵤣ںĽ𵤡
ԭίҶҲ˼˵ͣԭӵлָ𵤵ͨͨ
𵤣ܽ𵤣
·صŽӾþ޷ƽϢľ̾
ҪںϿܽ𵤣ҪǼŬɣڼ䣬үҲòҪ뿪й˵Ļֽ
ˣȻҪԻָΪҵ£ȥ⼸κұʣ˵ز֮Уǿ̤һ
ӵ
ܿ죬йͶһ
ˣ˴׳ܽ𵤣ӦǾϻڷǼ鼴ϱǽҵˡôʱڣӣȻҰģ˵ǱҲڽҡҡ׹֮ʣὫʹ
ĺȻ䣡
侲˼¼ǰҶԺðһԼþȵͷĪҲΪ˽ʹ
˵ûֿܡ
ֻҪһԣҶȶҪעˡ
ǽҵˣ˵ȥһԽҵ̣ǳ˽úעˣ˵кܴջ񣡡
ܷŹκҲпǲµĹؼء
Ҷһֱδ뿪ǱڴΧע⼫һһһ񽫻̫ҶҲżҪںĻǰף̫Ҷȴǿҵĸоκһпյȵʹˮ档
ŵŵţ
ͻȻй֮⣬һˣ󲽱˽Ҳδǽӵš
Ȼֱ˴֮⡣
ʲ˵κ£Ҫʣ洫Ӽȶŭ
һ£ߵ׵ӣ²ãѵ˱ѷͻϮڵ
Ŷ
⵹ӵŭʱʧˣǱϷҶȣϢҲ¶һݾ㵡
˲뿪˶
ӵ𣺡Ǹ˵ʥأŴҵΪУιȻץסõĻᡭ
;Уʮ˴¼ʥսٴ̫ϵӣҲһЩӲĵӣʥصľš˧Լ֮ǰߡӢû뵽飬Ҳ˽
𼫷˵̾Ϣ
˧Ȼȥˣʥأ̫ϵ֮УΪﵽ˾Žλ۷ĴڣһͿ̤ʥ񡭡ĸҼֵܣδ濴һۣʮҲʲô
̾ǸӢ
ᵽӢЩҶȣҲǳǸӢںʥۣ֤˷ӢͷﵽʥĴڣΰʥĵر㣬ƿ𺳳
ɲ̫ϵӣ
ҲҶʮĵһ֮У޵УΪߵĴڣʥصĳᣬҪʮӡ
Ӣҽʥôֻ꣬һΡǼǰʮǿߣʥ̫ϵ֮Уɧ꣬һ˶ķʥضٵῡܣǰ̤ʥ֮󣬾ʹδʥ¶棬һֱչ֮УҲΪʥһĺѡ֮һ
̾óȫûκεİڷӢ˧ǰ֮ǰҪ󼫷˰Ҳδ˵Ը٣ʥػв٣ҶֻţδţʮһʥصʵҲҽΪʥصԭ򣡡
û뵽Ӣ˵ã˧ҲҪʥ˰ɣЩһ¶һţһ
֮⣬ӵܣҶҲǺһŻعܴҪ㣬Ҫʮȥ
ʮֻһ磬֪ж磬жôк塢壡
ֻгΪʮǿߣʵ硣
˵ǿҵİķУҲ٣һָ𵤣ҲûϣΪӢšǴ˵һϵĹүܵõ˵һʵۣ䣬Ҳ⣡
Ĺһֱ涨ֻлʵ۲ſУˡǱһӵйģ
ǣүţй֣ȻΪ
Ҳ׷Ӧ
˴ʱᵽ˽ʹĪ̽ӵĿڷ磿Ϊ˽ʹ
Ҷ¶Цݣ·صôȻ߲
ˣܽ𵤣Ǻñһں֮󣬱ʾͿԸӦϢǿԽڵϢںһ𣡡һ̾
˵үЩҲżܽ𵤣Ϲ֮УǴܳõһִܷͨ
ܷ༸ͣԴδ
ʿпƷѪһ֣֮УܵشǱɱۺ޴󣿷һˣƣԪ񡢽𵤶кܴӰ죡
˵˿̣ΪڣΨһĴڣ˶Ŷ䣬ӡ
ԼҶȡ
ҶȲꣿʮ¶ѣ
˽⣬ʮ֮һٷ֮һڼǿߣǧ֮һﲻ
ԿܷҲʮֺ棺ײĽ׿ܣҪ뼫˵Ŀܷкβͬ
ڿܣǷǳ˽ģɽ磬;׿ǿս
˼ֻܷͨķͨˣҲǷһĿܣֻһͬε壬Ƿ״ֻ̬ԪַӡǿܷͬһľѪ⣬ϵǿߣΪÿܷиǿϧ˷Դ뾫ڿڣ𵤣


1804 һһ
һ
ͨĿܣȴӵľԼ߶֮˵ǿ󣡡
ܷǽ֮䣿
֮ڣһͣͣ̾
һ״ƣǶԿܵʶܵҲﵽָ߶ȣ̫޷š
˵ģ׿ҲģĿܷǾЩǰ㡭
ĺȻ䣬һ·ָҶȣһµŻеԴٴεǿͨ
׿ƵĿܣͨɣͨͨӡÿܼӲޱȣעС
˵ĿܷȽ׿ܣӸ߼ǿԼУԽΪģࡢǿ
һ룬Ѫڷڡ
ȥ֮һҪƿܽ𵤣ϽײµĽ׿ܡǵõڵĿܽ𵤣һиգϲ·
ⷬͷҶִ˿ܽ𵤵⡣
òʹԵõ̫ڵ޵ڵоǽӵĿܽ𵤡
ֱһѳʹļֵļֵ𽫻ʹһ˵ӵĲ
Ҷȶԣǽ̫ԼˡӶԣǽʹʵʣԴ
һҵȣéٿڳͣĸԼˣһ𾴡
˺ǫЦûʲôҲֻǡȥ˹Ž˹ϵ󣬲֪ԶŵˣȻջóλѷҲһ£
ƿܽ𵤣Ӧò£˾һᴫеԪһֱʧ˵˶У
ǰϵʧȻԭ򣬲֪ٵԶŷͨʧǳ˯ΪЩˣûȥЩ
һȫүԦܽ𵤣
ֻعʼΪġ
ÿ˴ǿӣƵڵĽ𵤣ܽ𵤲ںϡ
ҶȼȴţʲôջԼ˵һж
ܿ죬йӺӦһԪ˶
ϴ߶ǧͼ뿪йصܵӣй
ӦȻ뿪й߶龻֣ҶȺܿӦϢϸȥ
ãһͨйԭϢй֮һ
ӦеȴţһᣬһˣԽйԭһ߲񣬹ֲ֡
ĻӵЩӦй֮УˣȷԷ֡
ҶҲЩӦ࿴Ǳ꣬дӦ԰취һҶһĻϵ˵ӵҲӦ£Ǳڻʹ֮С
ڰ棬ԺӦͳҶȵĶӳȥˣˣʬӳ˻ʹǱڻʳֵ֮ܣעˣһɷŹ
ǿɴܵڣͬͳ
꣬δҵܵҲ֪ܵĴڣֻ壬֪ܵڣҪʱҵ治ףѾһЩͷһλĴ¿У֪һܣ
üӿ첽ʱ䣬طδүҪıϢѾսҪս֮ʣүи
Ҳ֪İɣôҲҪżѡүЧңģ
ֻǶݼȻͷֿˣǸˣҲصй֮С
ҶȿɲŹˣʿôҲһ·˲ΣգҲܰˡ
йʮϵûˣֻһǱҶʩչصͨʮ˵Ϣӡͳͳֲ龻ֵϢϡ
һУҶϸӦסй
ӦٶȣȻҶȣһ͵͵ҶһŻصй뷿Ϣ
⼸ӳӵжϢ䣬ҲҶһ֡
ˣ
߶ǧͼҶȾʹΪ͵һ֡
Ӧһһλ߲񣬿ƴﵽһλ۷壬ʱڷϢҶȴϢռ䲨ļҲûС
ɱҶȵһֶΣӷ翪ʼ֪ɱ˶ǿС
Ҫɱһ𣬳ԽԼ̫ĸ߲񣬿ɲףһУͨӲУͨǴﵽв񣬳Ҳֻϲһնɱ߲
ǵһѡ֮УÿһʺϴɱȻֻˮ⾪˵ر
еӦ󲻵ʱ˿̣վǰ
ͣ
Ӧǰһ߾İգʲôûУͻȻһ״Ӧ޷Ӧһ֮УٿȻ
̵ˮӦͷ­üĵԣһѪȻʬҲһͷССڣһ̽Сӡ
ŵڶġӦ׷׶䱻ҶնɱһʬΪ޵ʳ
ɱˣҲֻʮҲδΧκˡ
ʱҶȴ߶ǧͼӦķ䡣
Ϊﵽ˸߲λҲһ֣еΧȻͷǿԷ⡣
ǣ޷赲ˮ
꣡
һз˲仮ƷӦüġ
Ϊ߳һΣӦȻͬͻȻֻۣۣ㱻ˮüĴԡ
˭
ȫһ̾Ҫ˵ȴû˫۵ɵôģ·ʲô飬Ҫȥ
ٿ
޳ˣδȫϾĺӦǰСβͣͻȻһͰѺӦ
ҶҲջˮſյӣҲΪʿˣһ뿪й߶ǧͼֱй
ҲֻǺ䣬ƯйϷ·йӦʮαװ˵ĸ֣Ϣ֮С
뵽ԺһУҪһһ˲ӡ߶ʮڵĻ龻Ȼһ㡣
䣡
й𵴣ʮɸ߲ϢͷŶ
ãѱ¶ɱʹ
֮йΧѾһǿй֮УҲһ̾
ಣ
ʯ䣬ʮװǿߣй֮зɳûһˣܳ忪ΧΧʵ̫ˡ

һʱ䣬˫ɱΧɱʮˣǺεȵĳ棬һĻĸ֣Ҳֲô˹
·йڽ֮УΪ˷棬ʹһγ𶯣ҶȸӦǿϢϵĸ뿪գԶЩǿߡ
ͷһֻһṦ򣬴󲿷Ļӵˣʣ˻ɱ֮УҪնɱġ
˶עⷽҶǱһйӲ֮У밵
ηϸ¼ʹѲ߸ܣҶȽܵһΪ˶أһҪȥʶԼ̫ӡ
ܵȻݺύҶڼйϢ֮ܵ·ѡǽ̫ӣ֪˵װںûУں֮󣬽ûиı䡣
ಣ
ϢܵеҶȣһֱͷŸӦԼߵڴʱһ֮ܵУͻȻһƷ


1805 
ˣ
ܵôƷȻҲܵһ˷С
֪ǽεȨѵ죬߲㣬ܵۻӣ֮ҶȾһ˼ϢһֱصģգĦԸӦ˴ڣ˹
룬Ϸǰȥǽ߲ۻᣬҲһ½һжǣҲһǱܵҪʲô
ʱ򿿽һ֮󣬾ϢԽԽҶȷ˸ȥķ̫й
Ī̫ӣ
̫ΪϣͨҶȸӺ棬պҲȥ̫йײһˡ
ԽӽˣԷϢȻأ޵ĺܣʮ֮˾̫й·ܵٶȽ
Ҷ׷ϴˣԶƼҪܵʱֲ̳ŵĿ⣺ǡˣ
ˣ϶Է߶Ԫ߶أҶȸܵԼ˵ϢߣǼ˲١
ļΪݣһۣһͷɢͷŵаһӥۣ͸â
֪ܵ
ȻһƬ𺳣Ҷ벻˻Ǽˣ֪ܵʮϤ
֮࣬˵ݣŽҵݣҲǻʹҪ֪ܵڡ
˸Ӧһ߶أ̫й
֮ҶҲسڣͷŸӦߣȷ֮Ҳܵ´߶ǧͼƤ£̫
յҶȾͷּϷһǣ͵һС
ҶҲԱһǣ߶ߣѴ֮£Լ˺һ
̫ӣڵںϣδںϣҪܳʱ䣬ܴﵽһЧ
ܿ죬һߵ
Ҷĳ֮ǰϹŶ֮һڵʵۣѲ֮С
оɣǰףںϣ̫Ӳļʵڹעս̫ʱ䣬ɣ
һҲ˵ˣԵöϡ
̫ӦãΪ˧ǰȥս
̫һʧ䣬𣺡֪սΣ
ҵҲ֮ǰҷӦı䣬̫ӷģ̳㣬ܱΣ
ϼһŻʵۻ졭
ڴ·̫ϹŶ֮ʣϷһǣЦϸ΢ֻͬ̾Լ
ȻԶҶȣҲһ
ˣ걳࣬˶ӣ뿪Ưꡭ
˴֨֨ĥɼ·ϹŶԶԹ꽫Ƿһ飬Ǹֻ˰ɣ
ˣλ治򵥡Ҷû뵽ˣϹŶ죬ȻҲǴںܸߵĵλ
ʱ֮£˽ݣ඼̫ΪϹŶҪ뿪̫йȥϢ
һɳ̫йһתҶҲ֮ϵһȣҲض
ʱ֮һϵߣڼ£뻺ߣǼ˵Ľˣ
ڵתɲǣһ磬ͻȻӿˡ
˭
һӽʥǿߣʱһɳռ䣬뿪ɲǣѴľͷ
ѣ
ͻȻһƴԱĳͶ죬ӥڰͻȻ͸

Ҳǳصģ䱻һǷӦһƳ뼫ײһ
ˣҲ˺Ȼһ㣬һѪһֵվǰĺɢˡ
ĨĨǣѹסӿѪɵʵ㡢˭
һˣҲˡҪ֪꣬뽫󵹸꣬ճΪʵ۵ˣ࡭
ô㣿ң졭˼ʱŵŵţͬƵģ͵غ
ˡң졯ֶɢ޷Ʈ죺㻹ǵѣû뵽һŰɣ
ǰôţ䣬ʵ۴ĸ֣׷ɱ꣬ѾˡΪ㻹ţʵ
ô;Ͳܻţǰʵ϶֣׷ɱ꣬˱޳ܣʥصĸ֣һЭ뵽࣬Ҳ̫Ӱ
ͻȻԳһɰһ֮磬üñ
̫ӣ
ԶҶȴһд˴㵣˾Ȼǽһ̫ӣȴ
̫ӣô߸ϣȻʵ۲Ȼ䣬ü˴Ӹ߸ϵ̫ӣΪһͨ
ԼҪ̫࣬˻·ϷŹЩֵܣҲΪУʱꡭֻһֱ
һˣ㲻ţһǶȡλģ㿴ɣʲôʥǰһҡβ͸һͷڲˣʥؾͰ˳
ʥصȷ֣ɺôԪҲõǰнֹģ
ǵ뷨Ȼ෴λǿԼȡģҵʧܣףҵܣûʲôɺڵģ㣬뽫ˣȴȻ߽λǻʵ϶Ѿʥʲôֻˣʲô
ǹ˼ɽңǲڧɱҵ÷չȥǰڧĽ
ˣʵ϶ΪˣҾͲˣһˣһ⣬Ӧò³˰ɣ
˵仰ϾĮ
һ˲üΪˡǽҵ洫
㲢ûϺͿΪ˽ұǼһۣҾͿе£ô֮£ʮ֮Уֻҿֹâǽ棬Ҳ޷ҵĸ߶ȣʱ˿̣˻͸԰Ŀ߱Ȳ񷡣
ܣŪ飬ǽҶٵ棬һδоס㡢㲻ܷܣ
˹ȻΪ˽ҹ
ԶһԻͻȻһֲµ飬ʾ֭ұĳû뵽ײպˡ
Ӵƺ֪ұܡ
ȥǸң졯ѾˣǼˣǵ̫ӡͻȻ˸һ̾
ʢŭˣϣȻŽҵѪҺΣ㶼ǽҵˣ㲻Υڵ
ֻҵĴ㣬ˣôȥҲǰϹˣҵķչﵽԤ𣿻Ƕʥҡβڱһһأǰˣڸ˵ģ£ǻִԲ򣬽ԶʧԴҵ磬Źҽҵκһڣ˶ữΪ洫Ҳᱻ˶ȡõʱҶԲˣЩµαӣ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ
˵ʵ˰ɣˣҲ˵㵱ͷȣͲ֪ԣҪ˼ҵĵӣ㲱ϣףģ˼ЩûõˣռԴĨɱʲôãǲЩˣ˵˵⡭
ĺȻ䣬˫üȻһᣬʳһ仰


1806 ı
Լ߳һʣ˲˺һ

Ȼǽҹ
Ը˻һ˻ӴϢ֪֪˻Ǻεȵ飡
һ
ǱҲջ񣬽ҹüĿҶ˺ܴչ
棬ʲôƹأ
˾ȻڣֱӶ治䳰ֻʵۣʸУ֪ټĽңȻһӵлԵĺǾأһֱϣĨɱܣͱоѵĽң
ҲΪ¼Ϊ˶໥ɱң죬ѵƽܣ
˵˫ޣȻ𼸵ƣ͸Ŀ⡣
Ȼ
棿
ѵ࣬ƭ㣿ˣúʱʲôǣһͬıδǬأǣȴرңԭһжҵģΪȺظ֮
ʲôܣȻЩھΣʱϣĺ档
ԶҶȣҲŶȴš
˿ϲ˵δ֪ϾǽʷУܣ˽棬û֪ܡ
죬¶ֲмЦݣˣںˣ֪Ҳԣһٸһᣬͬһվߣ
Щ˼ǵͷֻҪԽң֮¡ҿٴκҪ֤ҪýӵδҴ
ãҵȵľ仰
ߺܿģȻ˿Χ
˾ˣջƣ˵ҲʧˣռʧָϾͱֹҵżˣǰ֧һйģй֮С
Ҷȣ߶ǧͼйϷ
ˣǲаݻȴ֪޵ڣô꣬ǻδﵽʥ񣬶࣬ȻֻǾŽλ񣬵ʵȻﵽʥ񣬾ǻʵ϶ҲҵĶ֣
֮У𼫷˼Ц
Уǰ֮ԺĿ־ҲÿˣԴﵽʥ񣬶Գ񣡡
Ž˵Ҳ
˭˲ǳУĻеĿԣ
ˣڴϷҶȣ̸һ֮Աǣϣûĸˣʳǣʳ
ղ⣬˵㣬֣ȻվһߣҪҵҲԣиǰᣬңʵ϶ںδ˺ȻԼҪ
⡭
й˼ɣҲеǣҪҸܣҲøܣǿԱһΣҲеڶΣҲǲ㣬ֻǲԼ
ã
˹ϴӦˡ
һӦҶ˶䣬ڣҪˮ棬һԻ˻һ顣
һ壬˻ӣ
˵ܣֻΪʵۣʸ֪ڣ֪֮Ϊʵ϶һѲ֣͸¶̫ӣ̫Ҫ뽫ΪµĻʵۣһ˵©죬ǽҵĹͲھԶġʪ֡λãҲ֪̫Ҳ֪λãϵλŻɻʵۿڴ
ʪ֣
һƺû뵽ֵطʪһƬʮֹϵֺвϢУһȥҲԻųû뵽棬ѹ
һʵÿ꣬ᾭʪ֣ȥǽƵһС֪һУҲ֪ÿȥǰǱʪ֣һΣԭǸȥʪ֣û뵽нʥ񼶱ޣΪ˲ݾߣҾδȥ
ĺܺãʪޣҽҸոǨƬʱ治ǿޣ
ң֣ѵ֪һУ
ģҲʳ֮ˣ
˺Ȼߣѹļͣ͵Ҳܻᱻǳԡķ
壡𾪲ѡ

ҶҲһߵĴڣڼ٣ܼʿû
ԽҵĹȻ屦
Ҷ뵽ΰޣӵмԦ壬ȻзǳһĹϵҶڣΪõУҲ˿˿
屦ôһر
̾ǰ壬ҼϵλЩӣݹʱһЩƣҾͷ˼ģǰһгõһ¼һЩŵ򣬶һЩ򵥵ģǵ棬Ҳ֪ķԲܴ߶һ
ֲأֻʵۣʸϢʮ֪ʥҲᣡڣ˵꣬ɼһֱڼ֮С
֪֮Щ뿪ҾһֱѰҹżȥ˹Ž׷Χûжļ¼Ǵ˵
ҵˣ
˵Ҳ·׷߽磬һ֧ʱպһȺˣұ֮󣬽ǴϢû뵽Ӵһ˼ңõһε̵Ĳ򣬾оһλʿĿ
𽥵ţòеģðΣգȥһһ棬ȷӦͬϢкǿߣȴðȻ룬ʿĶȻƬ֮£
˵ô࡭ѵǿˣʲôϵȲ֪𰸡
ȻйϵΪ֮м¼λʿΪơǹΪѵ֮ͬɺ𣿡
Ҳ˵ƾˣ
ƿ䣬Ҳ֮Ʒʣֻлʵ۲֪ƾҵƷʣڣҲδʲôƷʵʵЩҪ򣬸ӦеĶ㲻ãпܣƵĶ֮Уı𣿡
ˣֵ⣬õȥƬϷ棬ƵĶõ屦
ˣ֣㿴ҽң嶼ͬѪûҪ첲գǼ壬ֻгǿߣſ㲻׳־õƵıҾ˱ʵʱ𣿡
ʱ˿̣˷·ѰԼõһеߣ˵Ե൱š
ҪõǾͱʵۣԼɱ໥ɱڼ壬Ǹ󣿡
ڴС𣿴ҪɱƶʱҶˣ̸ʲô໥ɱϲϣң¶ģõȻẓ̇ʮǽҳ׻ʧڳ֮У
룬ɼѪУһ˵ҾǴˣΣҿµ
ѡ˳Ĭʮء
Ҳһ䣬ڵȴ˵Ļش


1807 ʪ
ʪ֡뽫ˣǱΪ飬ʱ𽫼ڧռ˵ĻǴ
ڼ˵ȴ˻شʱ̣Ҷ׼ջĴ鱨˻ӴȥҹԼ֮
ν̤Ьٴȫѹ
ǧټѰҽҹȴڰ·һС
ʵɵ͹ٲҶܿģʵһʥ·⼫뽫ˣ࣬ҶҪԵõɲס
ʪּȻޣҲҶһˣԴӽҸУõģ˻ӵ֪Ҫ֣һȥʪ֣а˼⣬һУҪԼ֡
ƣĶ
˻ҪõҶ֮ǰҲҹȻغ塣
壬ԦǿõеҶȣȻҲӵƳ壬Ķ֮У屦Ҷȵõ֮ʵǷҡֱϣ
񵤣ϵϵǱޣ²в˽λҶȿν˹̫Св
ǿһֿܣҲԵõƵһС
ˣϣһ飬Ƶ𣿵õõһģԴϢҵ棬ӦƵĶѵҾͲУ
ͻȻһȫͷҶԺڶüӵƵϢں֮УӦƶϢпܣҼȻӦ˻ӣҾͲˣе򡭡
һҪõ뵽ҶȷʵѾɣֻҪһйܣ߰˻ӣҲͲˣҪʪ֣õǲܵ顣
ʣ¾Լ飬ҪӼУõƵ򣬲ϣ֪ƶܣȽһʵȥƬ
壬ǶȻһ߰˻ӡ
ĳŵҪõġ
֣ҴӦ㣬֣ȻŽ뿪ʮʱ֮£˹ϾĻش
ʵҾԼ뽫ңҡβҪýңΪʥһĴڡ
Ҳ򽫹˳ŵ
˿̣Ҷȵ뿪й֮óйڽҹһУйصķ棬ȫ˻Ӵȥ
ڽ·ܵУҪ뽫˵õȻҪʵ֡
ʵΪ˿ֲֻѡֱڻʹ͵Ϯȵɽ֮ʣʵʪ֣ʪֳ֡
ӵĿܽ𵤡Լ̫ӵҶҪõǱ֮ʣΪʱʱ̿ע˶Ҷ̷ͨ塣
һȥ̫ӣһȥӣͨҶȱһʩչ֮ûдǧͼҲױ˷֡
ֻͨǱעӵһһⷽҶȺģҽһʹûФĪΪʥ
õֵĿܽôװߡ
ˡ
Ǳ֮ʣ춯Ҷ֮У߶˻Ӿϲո뼸λ磬Լʱ飬û뵽͵õĺϢʪ֡
ֹһᣬٴ춯֣˱ԼæȡͲ鷳ȥðգȻʪ֣ǽҲر֮أȻΣأһ븸ɳ֣ɱʪֻ֣֣Ҫһ£ҵʪϸͼȻ뿪һʹʤش۱ͦʮ֮ڣɱ뽫ʹ⣡
ӣһᾡҵʪֵͼ
ҶȻһ䣬߼֮󣬷û˶
Ҫʹ֮УǱһʱ䣬Ȼȵɱʪ֣ǰҪʮҡ
һҶȱҪȥҵʪֵĵͼס
һʹвйڽؽ磬Ľܡ
֮ܵҶȾ˲ȻѲߣֻʮˣΪҲˡ
ȫǸ鼮ҶԪΪҪЩ鼮ҲҪ칦򣬹ؼֻǱ
ڼ䣬ͨʱʱ̸̿ӦǴֻҪ뷨뷨ΪΪȻȻͨ幵ͨ
ӻںϿ֮ܽУ̫ӣںֹۣҲǿӣӵпȵͽλϲʵ
ҵˣ
Ǳҵ˹һϸ¼ʪֵ鼮
رʪڵĴŵΡ
ɭ֡ɽɽءɽһһУȻ󲿷ֶʪأ뽫룬ϲ͵ˣ񣬲ʱͻᵽ
ʡ
õҪģҶȾ⿴˿鼮û뵽һУһס
һҳǹڽ桰ʡļ¼
Լ档
ʿȥֻʮ꣬˽꣬͸ƣ°֮УһֲϢ
һֶۣȻֻǻ񣬵Լʣ˫ͫ磬Ŷôǿҵĺ̽
ֻϧΪδﵽֻʥֹˡ
ڶҳ治ҳ¼˽һŵһС
ڽɽһУҶȵЩ棬ûоļ¼ֻ֪ʴһҶȴδɽʱգ硣
ɽ֮ҶҲÿһʱն˽⣬ǾŴߣǿҲÿһʱա
ͬΪߣʣУĿ⣬־ֻǽһɣϧõҲ޷ںҲ޷ҪһУδģһһ̤ƣ
þŽʣڴˣоȻ
Ƕɽ磬ǷߵԵʡ
ʮ꣬ҶȻδһߣǵһźǣţɷ񶨵ǣʮͨɽôԪȥȻдߣɹ˼Ԫ䣬Ϊͨߡ
ҶȺڴǸ߶ȣЩߵΡ
ܿҶȾ뿪֮ܵУδڵһʱ䣬ʪֵͼ֪˻ӡ
ھ͸߶ԷΪҶƺʲô飬޷ѵƵġ
һǱһξʱ䣬ڼǽӣǽ̫ӣûжҲһֱڽˡ֮䣬֮ܵУӲҶȵĸӦ
ʱҶȲŰʪֵĵͼ֪ͨ˻ӡ
ܿ춯Ȼǰ˻Ӽ֣룬ʱŪʪֵĵͼҲף꣬͵õʪֵͼ
ҶȻ̸һ󣬾裬òײŪʪֵͼ
ʮ֣һ룬ҽҵϹŶΪƽʥ񣬵ǡܣǱĸõ˼ӣѾʼѰʪֵͼοԱ⣬һֵУ֣뿪̤ƽ˽ңʱúþһۣǰҽҴæ
뿪ʹ
ҶȻӦһ䣬Ȼպ÷ϸֵı飬̸ıһµòҶȣҲ죬һİס
һ̿ʼҪΪԼж̸йΪıʲô


1808 ˹ƻ
ܵ뽫йͨϷںϡ
չӦȻӦһ޷ӦʲôȴӲߵ
ܿ죬ǽӵ
ˡ˼ǳɱ̫ӣϵԵüΪ𺳣УóѰѼˣĸ
˵үȻ߲㣬Ψһ̫ӣʹǡ㣬Լˣֻѡ̫ӣ̫ǹ֮δû㣬Ҳûд󳼻۱򣬵ûһ䣡
ǣҪ̫ӣҽҵδ
ʵǰү㣬̫߲࣬ĶƲ⿴Ժ󽫻һУ̫ӵģү㡭˵䲻ģǴ̤۱ʵǣȿǵĻǱ̫ӣ̫ӣȻеı̣ˣͳͳҪڴ£
ֵ̾үЩӣʥγɵĳޣãɱ֮󣬻·𣿡
ᣬȻᣬҡֻѪ𡭡
ӵ֮
øˣǰѽˮһԸʵۣȡһУֹƻӣӲǽ˾ʱʱ̶̿ᱻãҲûʲôֵˣһ
˼Ҷɲ˼⡣
ûмˣҲһʱᣬ޷ܽ
˼ڼ飬ڲѽңĽʵ˴æֻ뵽һ棬ȴ벻Եơ
ˣ˽ġ
⻼
үֻһˣүأܳҲңʵүʲôûУ촦³
ֿʼҪʣֵ
ĺ̫Ϊϣ㳣ȥΪˣأµڣֻʹһΡѵҲĶӣ̫ӲĶڲˣаѪŨˮ
˶ΪԼģ̫ҲˣʵҲˣٻʵ˼Уо̫ӣһи̫ӣ̫ӽҲƴ̫ǽҵδүǣֻһͣүͻΪ˳Ϊһ֣˭ǵ㣿
ˣɱ̫ӣǡ
Ȼ̫û˼Ҫɱ㣬ֻûҪɱ˼㣬㲻˵Ϊ˻λֵҲһֱһ£Ϊãֻʲô³ݺ಻ɱ֮У
ˣҪɱ̫ӣǵʵ²
ʱ˿̣Ѿһģɹаɱ̫ӣγһǱʶҲ˵Ĭ˼顣
Լ״֣
ڻʱʱδ
ʱδ
뽫δֳʤһȡʤʵ۲Ź㣬ֻеʧ죬ʹңɢ֮ʣɱ̫ӣʱĻҲĹүϹȥҲֻȡնɱ̫ӣҪֻʵ̫ӵС
˵ʵɱ̫ӣе޷֣鲻ɱ̫ӣԵõָʵָΪҲŲǷ
ҪõүҲҪõʹıȻ˻һתƺҪһӴҪġ

ӹȻĶˣĬһ󣬵ǰûҵĴڣһбʮȥǡ
ôˣү˺ʵ
ˣϣܰңҸУһҾӵһУ
εȱ˲
ֻҽҵ洫֮ûôҽȴźܴôˣҵõӵеһУһ붼ģ
εºܡ
ֹŪ飬ڳһĪ
ڲɵˣ֪ҹҪԣûа߼ˣôҲ벻ǰˣǶʲô֪ģС̫ˣһЦ·ⳡϷȫǼԵݵһϷ
ӾǸͷ࣬żµӣ꣬ˣҪ˼Ǯ
뼫˶
ˣ˵һУҪúüƻȻҪҪһٳɹʧܡ߿ܣȥˣӾþòŷһɱ֮
ҪõҲǼõɣֱ˶ӵУеֶΣ
ܿ죬ڵĽʧ뿪˴Ϣ
뿪֮ڿͷϢϣֽ밵֮Уȥ˼й
Ҷͨй룬˲ҪõҲҪõ
ãҶ̫йͨںϣ֪̫糣ûʲôرĵطȫںֵ֪뽫սڽ֮Уһʱ俴
뵽˲ôʱ䣬뿪ʥأֿˣǸûȥ¶档
ͨŴǧͼҶȥطһð˻֪ҶѾص󣬶ڽκε飬Ҷ޹ء
˻ܲԸ£롰족û˿ϵʧҲգҶȳϰϵ
ǻصʥأĴһߣϸ꣬ٸϻؽҶһ֣õҪһС
ҵʱҲҪŽλв
̤ŽλҪҸطȫλ񣬲һҪԴ
źһУͨڴǧͼ£ܿص
Ҷȹͨһ
Ҷȵ֪󾭹УѾת˲٣ͷԽԽ࣬ÿҲмʮ⣬뷽ʥʱʱ뿪󣬳ȥУūҲǡ
ͣ˼£ͨͷʥء
⼸ڣҶһֱע̫ӵĶһͨע⽫Ӷһжƽ
ͨصʥأûģع鵤
⼸꣬ʥصҲһЩ¼ӻ֪ʥ¼δβһˣӵ棬ϣҵĵºӵаºӵȫ
һ󹤳̣ɳٵӣʥҲһȥ˶ʮӣҲȥˡ
ںʥ֮УٵӣҲ¡ͱʽʥش󲿷ֵӶˣһЩ̫ϵӣҲ˻
Щ¼
ͨصҲȥ˼ФФΪҲʲôͨ壬֪ҶȽ˰˽λвһʱˣϰٿ񵤣ԼҶȣҪҪʥϲ
ҶȵȻԸ⣬תķʽܾФĺ⣬ФҲδ¶ʲôر飬ͨ뿪ʱФһ̾ϢӵǴ
ͨͻصڵпʼϰһЩ
ʱ֮ܵеҶȣЦФҶȿǴӷ硢ɽ磬һ̤ģнĳɾͣʥطңҲǣ
Ф⣬Ļ²ФҲȻһЩߣҶȾ뿪ʥأÿλΪ
ԣҶǹҪʥ֮⣬Ϊ⣬ѾԣǷʥء
ФһʥῴҶȵ˼


1809 
ܿʥأΪһ棬˵Ҷϣ˵֪ܡ
Ϊϣһ˫Ϥӵ˫ۣȻῴҶڲͬĵطΪϣҶӵеܣʥ֮С
Ҷͨʥشһʱ䣬úУʱ죬ٸ塣
ǼȥҶһֱڸܵй֮Ѽһƻ
뽫̫ӡʵڽڲɱȫ˴ҲȫҶȣͷѪҶȾͺóʰЩǿߣʥǿߣֻг䲻֮ʣҶȲŸڳ֡
飬ӷ絽ɽ磬Ҷȶᳵ·
̫ӣ
̫йϹŶһ
ʱҶҲǱһԡ
ʵ۴ϢҹܵʹڣУȴֽͳ
ѵ̫Ӵ󾪡
ս߲ܣܱ߼СͶʹʵһ£һҲᱻݻ٣۱ֱ룬ɱʹʵҹȥʪ֣ȴʵۻһ뿪ʮ
û뵽ҽңྭӪһԪҪҷ𣬻ҲգʥأʧȥɽʣԪҲʧȥϣ֪ͨȥܵȻһĸʱ֮뿪
̫ӣĻӣ
˼أ
ؼʵû˼δ̬
ûб̬Ǿǰ֮ǰƻǣע߲㶼ˣƱػ׼
ʮӣԼµҲûа취뿪ػ¶Ϣȥ죬̫׼ã
֮󣬽˱㼱뿪йΧҲʼ߽࣬λ߲ڻйΧ
ֲһ¡
ʮ꣬Ҫˡ
Ҷ˵ֳҲΪ棬ʱˣҶȵȴĻҲȻˡ
ͨ幵֪ͨǱߣҲͨĳֶΣ֪˽̫Ҫ뿪ʹϢӣҲ̫Ӷȥйĸαװӣй˷쳣
ЩǼ˵⣬˼Ļ᲼ܡ
ͬʱҶҲ̫йٴӣǰһѾۼڲ֮У̫ĸţȻ֮ܵС
˷ˣǽһĺ߽λ߲ʵȥʥأҲС
֮󣬾һЩˣֱ̫й֮У౦ȶʱ̫ߵĸ֣ȫĨɱʬ嶼봢䣬бȻΪ̫
ͬʱһߡ
ͨӦ֪һҲھĳ档
ӽи֣Լô꣬ľӢһһʮˣҲʮ֣󲿷ѽ֮ܵУҲæѱߡ
֪֮䣬ƽĻʹȴȻ˸ı䡣
̫ӣ²ȫߣǵʱŻʵǰʹ
ܿص̫й˽֣Ǹ߲мǿߡ
֮ǰҲǱǿ׳
ϧʹڣ౦ûռ̫ƺ߶Ų졣
ûʲôϧģıѱʵǰߣǵĵ̣ʪ֮У̫ӣˣ
߰ɣ߾Ҫߣֻ᲻̻Ի͵ĻʹСﳤ󡭡ˣɵĲȥµĲҾͲţҽҾôȥ
̫˵뽫߳ȻżĸһҪ̫йκ˽롣
䣬֪뿪ʹܡ
ĸǸ̫Ӷ꣬ΨǴӣ̫뽫ֱ̫ӵʧزԼй
֮ܵУ
ҶҲ棬Ǳڰδϸ̫ӡж죬ʹܵݺʹҲһܵͨʳ֮⡣
ͨһҲܿܵи漫뽫ӣһṦ뽫˻ϡ
ΪϹŶҲʮ֣˫һһˣȻ󻺻̫ӵڵܵ
ʹưȴѳΪһǣڣ˷ųϢ̫ӵ˳룬ʹϢƣ֮ھͻ߽⡢ڰҶȣִʱһѹĻᡣ
ϧǴˣ£Ϊ
̫뽫һЩߣԼĸʹ棬뽫ˡӽ뿪ʹ룬ʳ
һСʱ֮ͨļ
ȻܵͷҶȸں󷽣һϻأϸӦ磬ȷ֮Ҳ߶أ߳ܵǰһƬɭ֣󷽸պþǽǳء
ʩչ֮Ҷʥصͨ壬̸Ȼϰգִ߶ߣͷ̫뽫ˣȻ֮УС·
һṦ򣬼˵ˣҲ뿪ܵҽ
ͨڰգҶںϣֻڸĵڶͨ壬ʩչһϸϸǰ̫ӵ˶ע󷽼˵˵Ķ򣬾˫룬С档
ͷһҹеĽ֪ʲôʱ򣬱ŨŨ֡
ˣʵҪԸ̫ӣ̫ˣѰ·
˿̣Ҷ󷽣Խӵ
˵Ҳ֣ܿүֲ֣ʵҲйү룬ԸǣҲһʧܣ²çײǻҪȴᣬүҲ֪ıʲôطȥرص㣬ٶҲ٣
ԼǣֻҪмǼɣҲһԣϼϷ
ûӣ֪˵ʵݡ
ֻϺ꣬Ѿ⡣
򽫹ʵȻҲͬ⣬ǾŻҽұ壬һֱʪ֣϶֪رص𣿡
Ҳǵʵۣʸ֪ǻʵ۱ƿţ¾̫ӣҲ֪ɣ
϶֪£һһͷûսҽұԶû֪
𣿡Եú⡣
֮УܴԼǸˣݣδ졣
Ļ֮ˡ
Ӳ̫ӵȷ֪򽫼һʵۣ̫һ£¾Ԥһʲô⣬̫Ǹˣ
һҶԺ֮УѸٿʼ˼⡣
֮ǰҲһ棬Բʱʱ̿ע̫Ӷ򣬽پ֮ʣʵȴֻ̫һˣȻҪѽҵܣи̫ӣΡ
Ķӣν֪Ī෴Ҳ˽⸸׵ģһ仰Ѿ̫֪׼ȷرصܡ
¼ˣ뽫ֻϺ꣬ڰϲף͵õĻӵãҲʧ
˻Ӧ׼ʪΧ˴֣ϴ˵дϹŶϴ̫ӡĻӡ߻ӵ˵ʪ֣ǽɱͬҲǴһֵĺϷ
ҶٻͷѾʧҰ֮У·һʹԶĳȥ


1810 ˷ɱ
̫뽫뿪ؽ磬ƹսſʼշС
ڼ£һֱں󷽸棬죬Ѿʪ뽫룬в칦򣬱ܸϵʪ֡
ڼ䣬̫ָ֣ٸʪ֣Ҫ;Ƿ塣
죬ڼһƬʪƣ겻ɢİɭ֡
ʪΧȻڲϢ˻̫ӡĻӡ߻ӵ˵ĸ֣Χ͵˽ʪ֣Ȧ֮У
߶龻֣ڰյҶȣѾʥظϻͨںϣôǧͼںϿռ䣬Ӧǰʪɭ֣ΧɭֱԵǱʮԼٶˡ
в޵Ϣ
ȻЩǴĸ֣һˣӡ̫Ӱ
ȻҪȡԼıء
ҶȲʪ֣һĻеĺϷ
үȲҪ֣̫ӽʪ֣ȷλãٳ͵Ϯ󷽣Ͽȡ
侲
Ҳڣʪ֣ӾٴΣӲ֪棬ȻҽҵĲرأɷѿģܣֻĴӣЩĶ𣿡
ǽҵܣʸ֪ģֻлʵۣȻǴλ֮ʣᱻҽˣܣӦ
Ӷʲ壬ǰ״磬ҲײϡزʣҲĺ壬㼴ɳ֣һ͵͵Ǳ̫Ӻ󷽣ʪ֣ȴϢȻӦϣ
ʱ˿̣ӾȻû
ȥ
˲δԥڽǰһ뼫ȫϤӡ
ʱû˶ټ֡
ǵʪ֮Улʵۻ̫ӣµ壬ýȥ̽·ˣС̫ЩҲӲ˵۾
Ӧһ͸Ӧ֣ϿһӦǽһ֡
ͬʱǰ̫ӣҲ˶
壬Ѳߣ壬ȥһ£ʪ֣ȴ
̫һᣬҸֶ֣ʼٷǰʪ֡
һҲȥ
˴֣Ҳ׷ȥڼ뽫ӣŲæ뿪Ͽȣʪֽ
ҶȣѾɲǼ䣬ʪֱԵգߺܿ촫ˣڽ
鱨Ȼ׼ȷ̫ӣˣ
˶ĸ֣ȲҪ֣͵͵ǽʪ֣ȷλãٻȥ߻ӣ
ҲҪԷڶ࣬ǻҪȴ֧ԮүҪܸϹֻҪֹǲҪ뿪ʪֱɣ
ã̫ӾҪʪ֣ܴˣʥص̫ϵӣǸֻҪץסߴˣͳɹҲ֮ԸϹ
ǽ
˷ʪֱԵҶɣɭ֮еȻһ·ˣǴһӵ
ˣ⼸·֣ƻȫͳһҪ̫ӵ˳֡
ҶΪֲ׳֣Ҫȴ̫ӽʪ֣ȷرص˵
ȴ̲סҪһ̫ӣӵ̫ӣٴӶԷóرص㣬һҲС
һҲʹ
ȥ̫Ӵİ֣ʪԽԽֻǧףǰв·ʱʪҲ˶ʮˣȫǸ߲̫ǰɭࡣ
̫ӽʪ֮ǰһٶ֣ڱԵ壬ѲߣŴ֣̤ʪ֡
ͬʱʮֳˣ
ݣ
֮УͻȻʮռĦ˵Ļ𻨣ԼһһϸǶ
̫ү
ǰѾڽ𺳣Ǳܸ֪̫ӣǷ׷ױУһ
ɲǼ䣬жʮ¡
ҲҪңɱ
̫뽫Ųվ룬ָǰ
Ȼһǿ󣬺ܿ󷨣סй
ಣ
ͬʱ̫ڵĵطͻȻɱֱ֣̫Ӷ֡

̫ӵļ֣ǲȻһŭɱֽ֡
̫ӣǿȥ
׼ᣬĸ֣̫ӣڴ£ʪ֡
棡
⼸·֣һʱ䲢δɱ
󷽣뽫ӣҲͣӾˣʪ־Ȼ
пܡǴĸ֣
ôǵж˽⣿ѵ֮ǰѴʪֵĵĴڣ
Ӧˣûв͸ǽҲǳصģô꣬ʥأٵĸ֣Ҳһֱɳ̽Ǳ֮УһֶΣҪõܣ
ң̫Сˣʪֶҵ
Ӻһ󶼴ڲ֮С
ڰϷҶȣ·֣˶жƣһգӦˣѾһ࣬ȻǱʪ֣ͬʱ̫뽫ȸ֣ѳʪ֮С
˼ȻѾ¶ݾߣͲ̫Ӱװ׿Ҵһɱȥ׽̫ӣ
ʪһһʼӲ򽫻̫ӿѾ޷ȥץס̫ӡ
ɱ
ҲǶ֣
ͬʱҶˣҲһ޷ס׷򽫻̫׷ȥǶף̫ӼȻѾ֪ͻ᳹ʪǲץס̫ӣԺͲˡ
һʱ䣬˹ٶˣҲǾӢ˷̫׷ȥ̫һٶҲ׷ȥ֧Ԯ̫ӡ
ˣ崫Ϣм·Ǹ֣ڶ̫׷ʹǸô죿
ʪֱԵûӰ
뼫ˣһٶ֣ʪֱԵ
һδߣһֻϷյҶȡ
߶龻֣ԼýŽ̫ӣҲ֪ķ򣬲ֻĿǰԽʪ֣ҶҪӦͱú鷳
ȥӣ򼫷ѯ
֪ڽ˵һʱ䴫̫ӵϢǴģǼˡ
˳˼һᣬҲ׻ش⣬ǿڴ£ǿڣô֣㽫̫ӣʪϤĺܣкֱܶҲмܣУү̫УôرأҾ޷ˣ˶ãĸ֣ʪ֣رΧǸ޷õ
˼ǣ̫ӳ֣
ˣպд̫׷ʹǲǵĶ֣ڲһˣƣǵȴûᣬǴҵģ
Ǿͺã˭ץס̫ӣʾ͸ʮԼδүݣ
Χֵ
ʮ
ΧһĸһһЩ߲Եõģץ̫ӣһ¾ӵʮĸĶ


1811 ˻Ұ

ϰٸ֣Ӷ꣬ҲδԹǵȻ߼λĸ£ʪַɳ۶ȥ
үҲиȥлᣬԶ̫ӳ֣˴ʱԵҲ쳣顣
ӴʱڹʣµĶʮ֣뼫Ҳһʪ֡
أ
ҶҲͨ壬һ˸̫ӣһ˸ټˣʪϷڼ֮䣬Ѱһᡣ
ͷϵޣͻȻˣʪֱԵһЩʬ壬صֱС
˼ҶȻף̴߶ͨ壬ͨһͬʪ֣򽫻̫뼫ˡ
ҶȱޣԵݵأݵŲٻˮһʪ֣طˮݣ涼ࡣ
ޣϵĴ䣬ͳͳңҪˣٿһ޵ɳſС죬һʬ塣
ҶѣſС죬һö䣬Լһ߲Ҷ봢䡣
ͬʱҲץס߸߲ʬ壬߶򣬵Կֲٶȣ߸߲ɸʬ
ͬʱͨҲԶҶȱӦҶȵ֪̫ӣ뽫Ÿ֣ʪϿȡɽ֮ƶҪ˦ɱֻ֣ԻԷһڽرص㡣
ڼˣһ·п;δ֣䣬ͬҶһڰп֡
ˡ
֪Ϣ֮ҶͻȻ뵽һɻ顣
˻˲ٸ֣ԴϹŶ֮ǰȷҲӦЩˣһֱûж֣
Ϊʲô
ѵǰ˻ӣȴ̫ӡĻӡ߻ӸģڵȴᣬȴЩɱ
˻Ȼƽʱ¶ˣкԸ񣬵ǡ£ǽ̫ҵʪ֮Уǿޣڶδпܣ̾ڽҲرص㣬ػ
̫˷ѽˣҶȼûᣬһˣǹ϶Խ̫ӳ֣ץסˣ㽫һʵˣҲǰ״ĸ֣һֱûж
Īǡ
һͷҶȻɣ¶ɻ󣺡˻ĪǴʵ۵˼¼Ȼ˰˻ӴʵӦòٲ룬˵ΣǴʵۣ⿼ӣȻ󡭡
Ȼ飬Ұѻȡڽҹܣ֪˻һ̡˻ӾͬʱİϢɢȥô̫ӡĻӡ߻ӵ֪Ȼ󡭡ʪ֣ɱ
üͷͻȻչҶȵɫҲ𽥻ָȻĿ͸һİ飬֮ǰϣ˻ӡ˻ԭУǸ̵ˣڴʥض꣬һֱʮƽӹȲӹţҲûгɫĵطʵһֱڹطâڵȴһᡭ
ʣھһֱȴûᣬҪᣬ԰ѽҲһǿĵˣҲֵܣȫɱһһΪ˸ͣ˽ңͬʱÿᱦ˼ö֮ĳ
һһʯļƻ޷죬ӿʼڣ֪ǰ˻ӰоӪĽ¿ɺãһȷҲرصλã̫ӡĻӡ߻ӵˣԸȡʱԻᱻ˻һ򾡣ûΣ˴󹦣ʵ֪ҲֻգòвŻĶӣͬʱҵڴչȻס
ʱ˿̣ҶȲ˻ӵһˡ
;ã˻Ӿһƽһδεһδε£ģϺʥ¼ͷνʮչ¶˲
뵽ҶҲûж
˻ӽӴʼ뵽ЩԼð˻֪ĵ̣֪˻ӵһУ󣬻Ҫ˻ЯȨ£ܸõķչ
˻ӣ˵ѣҲԲѣǺϵ಻ǺϵֻҪΪУҾͲˣϴ˵ȷǸ˲ţĲҵˣҵǿ԰аٲܣʥ¼ټΣ˻˳ˣΪ̫ӣӵһ֮ʱǰǰңֵάֹϵȻ
һͷҶ뵽ô࣬мꡣ
òЩȡһְ취ʧȥ󣬶кܴ谭
ҡҡͷ»Ҫȴ֮ʱſԿ϶ۡ
ȻҲìܣϣ˻˲ţȴֲϣ˻˵ĴţҶӴԽԽӽͬҶҲð˻ӣõҪĶ
̾̾ϢͲȥЩͷȻֱʱˡ
ڻץʱ䣬̤˽λ۷壬ý̫ӡ˼è׽ϷԷģ
˽λڿոʱʱ̶̿ڳ˽λԲ
Լ죬޾Ͱʮʬ壬˸ɸɾʲôûʣ£ҶҲõٴ䡣
Ҷ̷ϸ߿գʪֿͨӦ֮󣬼·Ȼʪָ׽ԲأҪץ̫ӣҲһ׵¡
ʮ֮ķ硣
ʬ壬Ѫضǣؿӿݣ̲š
Դ۱򣬴ʿڳ룬ܾȻע
˿̣졢ʿϢ
һ֮С
˻ƻƽɵףϷ鿴ͼȻȡͷ֮Уֻһλüīߡ
߾ֹƲһ
֮󣬰˻Ӳ±һ£صʦʱѶ½⣬նɱһǧ򽫻ҷҲʧأȡսȨ
ɴ⣬ʻʵۣȻĺúõģһʥնɱ˴ˣ㹦ԲߵڣƮ֮
һʥǲ׶ԸʦڴˣԸ⣬ϧʲ֣ʵҵȣնɱʻʵۣ嶤£
ʵڲƿ޷ͻƣҲûжʱգԴʱʱ̿Ԫϣڶ֮УҵһԸδˣȻʵ۵ѡǵ㣬̫ӣҲĻӣ
ʦѣԸ⸨ڣѾĸ硢ǳɲ˽յ˧
ԴӻʵҴֵ֮Уѡһˣ̳дͳʱ֮ͨһУϣ㣬û˿ʤΣҲ֤Ȼӵе֮ţһ·ֶδܾ֣
ҪҳʦϾҵֵܣôǲѾ
ûˣԸԼ˶֣һжģûĹΪ˵λΪ˱֮ǰν飬ǻУʧֻܵ㣬Σ㲼õļƻûпܣ㿹⣡
԰˻ӵɻ߼ඥð˻Ӵì֮У߳
Ҫһˣչӵĸٹ̣⽫Ϊҷ𡭡侲ĵڶҡʦһ䡣
硢ĸ硢߸硭ҪֵܵĺҪңô壬Ըǣ
˻ӻص£ٴδͷһ̣ûһ˿ĿᶨһϴĽС
˻͸˷âƣ·ʦҲٴף˫ۣһ


1812 ƾ
ʪ֣
̫ӣ׷ʹ޷˦
һƬʪǵ֮Уʮ̫ү뽫һЩҸ߲㣬ķžʱʱƯ
򽫻̫ӣһϾ顣
̫ԵǱһˣӸ߸ϵ̫ϵӣǳģ̫Ӷˡ
κ˶ġ־壬ĺȻ¶⣺µֻرޣһ֡
̫д߶޵İ취Եúܼ
ֻһ֣Щ޶ϲ񡢸߲ĴڣǳУռʱƣؿشЩˣ
ɱ
̫Ӹ˵꣬ǰʪУͻȻһˣָſͷʮɾ޴ĵ⣬ץ򽫻̫ӡ

һ֣Էָײ֮
̫û뵽ֱ¶˵Ŀ죬˾뽫ŲһƬ׵ĴϿȡ
ΧʱðٺӰ׷ȥ
¹ȥ̫ӵǺܣ
Զһɽ֮С
뽫ӣŶʮ֣ǰһϿȣ뽫÷ͨ
ˣ̫߸Ѿ٣ǲֱӽɱһֱڹƻ󽫻ӣûһ˿˼ֵ֮˼֮ͫУĶĮɱ⡣
˵̫ӴŴȦӣ׶½صģΣҲҪסָ鷳ʹˣ
ߣ
һڸַϿȡ
̫ӵǳ˹󣬵ٻޣɱЩ˻˴룡
Ҷһֱڰţ̫뼫˫֮ľ룬ͨ壬Ҳ˫Ǳš
Խ̫뼫˵һһƿأǧʪ֮ɱ£˲٣һɱвҪ֮¡
Դĸ·ɱ֣ҲƼڴϿȣҪԽ̫׷ʹƺҪϿ֮ڣ̫ץס
ϿȲͷڲҲγ°ԨϿȣڲȻǺʪҲء
һѰң
ʮˣͻȻ˳
ǿʼම£֮УѰҽ̫ټ
ͣ
˿̣һˣͻȻһ˶ɱ֡
˫ΪԷǽ̫ӵֻǣ֪Ҫס̫ӣԾ˶Էȥһ֡
;Щ֪ͬٴ໥ɱ
̫ӣҪϿȳȥǰΧǾ͡Ͽ뽫̫ӣ벻ٸ֣Ҹ߲㣬һƬ֮С
̫Ӵ˿̵ӣʼŤȲżڳȥ˵кܶˣΧǣѴ߶ޣϿ֮У˵һȼǿޣΪƾޱȣ٣Ҫ٣
úã߲󣬶¶ɫ
ƾޣ¿ֿˣ뼫˵ʧٰɣ
Ҷһͨ壬Ϸգ˽̫ӵ뱾ͨҲƬϿϷ
ȥ߶ӦϿΧ
Ȼ䣬ƺӦڴ֮£ҲǶγɵζڿϿȡ
Ҷʪ֣һνӦ޵Ϣ
ˣޣҵǨʮʱΰʪô޽ģҵʱһЩ֣һʥͷҲԽôޡ
ӦϢʼǿңҶоһʱ޷ͨɻʪֱȻвޣԽʵҪƷЩޣ̫ˡ
ڷ硢ɽ磬Ҷȶ޴򽻵ĴʱնţǵҲеޡ
Խ࣬У츳ƣ޵Ķ֣ҲȻΪ޵¡
ҵʱʮʱʵӦòǷǳǿûʥ񼶱ĸ֣Ҫʪô޶ѹΪãزرأ̫˷ѽ⣬޷͡
ӦҲʲôܡ
ϿһѰҽ̫ӣǾһˣ
ʱɱ֣Ͽȡ
֪Σռ٣ҶҲһеģȼޣֳУȻʪأ֪ж͡
һЦȻӦʲôҲŸˣˣϿȣΧԳ̫ӳΪһ֣¾ҪıˣڲףΪνҪЩޣʥˣ޻أӱõ뽫ҼԪõı
࣬һ쵽𣿿Ҫõɲµģ
һͻȻ֮£˻Ƶ𣬶½棬û˿ü·һ˫۾֮£ܿÿˡ
ǣҶƫƫ
Ͽȵˣƾ
֮ҶͷŸӦӦϢ
ͻȻ䣬ڸӦ֮£·ʮʪڣһԼɾ޴󣬿״ЩһιβͷԸӦһЩ״һֱǿҵͷš
˾޴ޡ
ӦĽɵҶȾһ亹˭뵽Ͽ֮£Ȼ̾һͷµľޡ

ƾˣҶȸӦһЩ޴̰ĶȻ˳ʮ֮࣬һ죬ǰ㣬ȥʯ䣬Ѿ˵档
ͣ
ʲô
˲Ϣ䣬һ¡ĹǴ̣Ȼش̳ƴ׼ȷش̴ʮ߲ţҹǴ͵һקͰʬһ֮ͬС
ŵɫңЩ˿ɶǸ߲߽λȻһоڲ֪ʲô֮£ŵһæߡ

ƾͨίʵ£Ϣ֮·˷ʤ޷ʵƾǿߣֻǸӦĴڡ
һˣҲֲƾĹǴ̡
Ŷ
ƾͻϮʱʱڹǴ֮ʱҶȴ֣̫ʮڵ֣ȻûܵǾƾ֮ۿȥҲǧס
ƾԹԶȴǡ
ʵڹ죬뵽ƾǱշģ˵̫ڰʩչʲôͨƾӦƾԼ˶֡

ϿһͻȻײ
ҶȾ˵ʲôȻҵķ飬޷ӦһǻУˣ
ǰˣ뿪ϿȣϿ֮ڣǱһ쳣ޣ˵
˴ż̷֣ˡ
ͬʱϿȵࡣ
ͨأż뽫ӵĶ
˺Ȼ΢΢һ֮Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ崫Ϣ˵ǰϿ֮Уһﵽȼޣ
ޣѵԹϵʵԸһԣ͵һȫ֪顣
ӵޣʮϿȵȻ׶Ը޵Լпܶ޶֣
˵үȵȵȣȻ޳ˣ˵̫ҲƵûа취ҲһֱϿȣһͷޣ赲ôģǰᱦĸ֣


1813 ʻʵ
˼ڵȣЩ֣ѽ̫ӱƳӺ⣬ϣڼϡ
ߵǱƣ̫Ҳ֪һͷޣ޷ģʱǱʱʱ̿ϿΧ
̫ӣ㻹ܶã
Ӻ޲ý̫̾͵նɱ
Ҷһְ˼һͨϡ
Ȼ̫˶
壬Ǻûᣬ뿪벻Զɽ֮У
ֻ̫˵һ仰ҶȾ͸Ӧʮ˿ʼƶ
ٸӦϿΧδϮУҲɳ̽ӣϿκη紵ݶƺ֪̫ӲһֱС
ˣճ˻ڻӶˡ
ͨŽ̫˺󷽣뿪Ͽȡ
ҶȱƯϿϷڴǧͼ֮УȻ뵽ȥܳһʱ䣬˻ӵˣҲˣнʻʵۡ
ѵ˵
ڵֵ۱
˻ɳһڸ֣һֱǱڶû֣ҵƶϲ˵һֱǰ˻ӵļƻ
˼Ƭ̣ʪ֮ڣѾˣڻһϼҡ
䣡
ʱ֮󣬽̫һˣѷɳϿȣҪ뿪֮ʣƺ˴һ֣õĽ硣
ͻȻ˾޴ը
һʱ䣬ϿΧ۱ըâΧһٶˣһ׷ȥƷ
뽫ӣҲץʱ׷ȥ
Щ겻ɢҿٷǰɽ
Ž̫ӣһи֣ٶȡ
㹦˾ͷһƬɽ֮УΧȻƯʪۣ̫ӵ˵٣ֻͷŸӦ
Ҳ׷ȥ
Ҷ˽̫ӵ壬ɽ֮УҲһͷޣһһȺ߲£ޣΪɽʵƾҪǿһЩȻʪ֮Уƾ
һޣúãһϹŶҲ׷ɱʧȥ۷磬Ҳһ𣬽ӽʥǿߡ
ɽ޵֪ͣʵôԿ϶ӦûƾǰѲ
̫ἰޣҶȾ͸ӽڰʪУ·Ƽ
ʱѾԽʪֵ̧ͷķ񷣬˺صʪʪգն޷ջɣ·ʱʱ̶̿ƮСƵġ
̫ɽ֮У¾ޣô
ӲͬɽǰϢееֱӾɱɽ֮С
ģȻ棬Ӧǣͻᾡǡ
Ȼ䣬ҶȻδӦ޿ɽ£ʾ˳һɽ֮д˳
ɽ濴뽫ңȷйʲôԼޣΪһҳ
΢΢һҶȷŻٶȣ̫ӲĸӦɽ˭Ҳ֪ɽʲôͨ
ҶҲӦ˴Ĵ֣ɽ֮УȻʮ߲۷ϢԼҶ޷ӦΪϢʮˣҲɽһ
·һֱڰûж֣Ȼǰ˻ĸ֡
Ϣ¶ǽˡǰĴڣ䲻ʥ񣬵ʵѾʥûжࡣ
үʧʧɽүҪи֣ȫΧɱ̫ӣȥΧãã֣һӳȥǾҵǣ
˵ҲӺ󷽴˹
ȥɽ׽̫ӣ

Ľ֣Լ˵һ𣬿аˣʱ˿̣һɾ޴ٲȻ˽̫ӡ
ɽ㣬Ҫץס̫ӡЩӣҲҪˣ
ҶҲ־񣬽̫ûж·ڱصãпܣ̫Ӿɽһץס
һṦ뽫ӣҲɽ֮С
ȫɽɽһڴʼ
ҶɽϿգ·ʩչӦͨ壬ע
λǾɽ֮жһ󣡡
Ȼ˽̫ӵѾ뿿ɽйͨǶصɽɽΪصĵطһȻɽӡ
⵹Ҷȸоܲ˼飬ɽһޣΪȵͨضĺܣ
ӦǿߣڿʼһѰҽ̫ӡ
꣡
ͻȻ䣬·ɽʯ˺ѣƶ
ΪɽɽĵطǱĵ̣
һֿ󱬷

ɲǼ䣬ڲΧЩûʯͻȻˣΪһ׵սʿ˫־񸫣ͻȻͶԲ󣬷˹
ͣ
䣬ٵ󣬶˽״֮£״ֲʯ֮Уʧˡ
һȥһأϢһЩʬ壬ȴ֤ղһĻġ
ɽȻɽϢ֣ǶĶ֡
̣ҶȴһòڿɽʵǣԿɽʵĲ⡣
ˣɽʲôõϵԿɽ˵ӵϵԴֻһϵһޣȻ漣Ҳпϵ񹦣
Ҷ֮ʣͯϵʱԺ
ϵ˴ˣû뵽ײޣʵǿ󣬽ʥ񣬻ˡ¶ϲЦݣҶָƽʵܣɱһޡ
дǧͼҲ޷ǿߣΪﵽϲ
ҲҪģٽ󣬸Ӧڣ
һɱ֣˲Ϣ˺üˡ
ͷ߷֮Χ֣ʼӦγһ硣
˵ãɽʵͣҲܣһ´ʮ߲ķ󷨡
׷ҲԼӦ԰취ǾۼγɷҪǾʩչͨȺɽ
һҶȺȻӦһصǱ̫̾࣬ˡ
ɽԭҲмܲסȺŹ
ÿιûã⵽ǿһδι
ʱҶȾȻһ޵뿿ɽܹͨɽˣɥҺֿɱһ䲻⣡
ʵۣ
ɽһȻ䲻ȣֻһֱӦ㽫ңסЩ࣬ûΣƴ
ҲδƴҲƿβǳԳԿͷǸ𽥵Ŀ
˿̣ƯڰյҶȣĺȻתֿǰʵۣˣˣʻʵʱ򣬿˻ӵˣҲˣ
߶龻֣ӦϢ
ǰʪ֮УȻϢ
߲д룬ʮ𣬶һ޵ϢҶȾȻ޷Ӧһʥ
ʥڽȻеڶˣǵĽʻʵۡ
úãһǱĵ̣ҪˡɽҲͬˡ
ʻʵˣ뽫ˣӣҪѣԽʻʵ۴ĸ֣Ѿ˼һ
ǿҪ
Ҷͨ뿪ɽ꼰ؾ鷳ˣƽӦǴ


1814 ڻ
߿֮󣬱Ӧʻʵ۴ĸ֣󲿷ֶƹɽȥǰ
ϢŽʻʵۣƺɲǼ䣬ͽɽ֮С
ʱ˿̣ɽ֮У·Ѱҽ̫ӣַɽϮһҪ¡
ʵۣɽһʩչ
ϱʵһɽ֮УдˣЩ˱
ܿ죬ҶȾ˿ɽ뽫ʻʵۣϸ΢Ľ
ɽ
Ƭ̼䣬ҶȾ͸ӦһɿµͨӡΪɽɽ֮УһЩǱص󷨣ʼ߶
ЩǱ󷨣пܣǿɽ磬Ͳµĵ̣ΪľǷǿϮٴ߶ɽǿһ
Ӧ֮£󣬾Ȼ͸ɽ֮УҲʯǿµϢ
ţ
֮䣬ҶΧһЩƷ
ϸӦԭǼ˴ŽӣԼһĽˣʱطɳɽѵǸӦϢѾ֪ʻʵˣ
ʵܸӦɽϯҲΪ档
𣡡
ɽغӣͻȻ
ͻͻͻ
һ󷨣ͻȻɽΧγһԲν硣
ʱɽʼݡ顣
Ҵ룬һɻصıըɽ飬ڽ֮Уγ׳۵Ļ⻪
ɽ뽫ʻʵֵȻʥûжˣܻ
ͷӦȻ֣ٶϢѾֻʣʮҶ΢
䣡
ʧϯ忪ʪ˲ɢҶȵĳȥƾۣѼɽΪƽأΪ棬ʬ洦ԼЩˣ߶Ǳؿʼߡ
ͳͳɱ
˷ͻȻɱˡ
Щǽʻʵ۴֣ԭ͵ȴᣬҪѻһնɱ
˻ӵϢ
˫ɱѾչҶͻȻӦһϤϢڼٷ²ð㹦򣬾ܵ
ҶȸеϤϢȻֻһˣ˻ӡ
ϧ̫ңԶֻܸӦ˻ӣ޷ӦǴٸ֣Ҳ޷Ӧ
ɽȥȱʣٲĺô
ʻʵ۵ʱӷ֮д
һǿҲû˴
ݼ
μʣ
ţǽ̫ӡˣܼŻĽʻʵۣϣ
ջ޷סѻΪ˷棬ǽҴ󲿷ˣս֮Уܴģֻһ֡ڲ˵Щʱ򣬴ϸػߴ߲㣬뿪
ʻʵޱȣһ£ֱӷʪֵ룬ֻʣ¼ٵˣ׷ɱЩˣŲ·
Һͨ뿪ɽ
ҶҲ㾪һ亹Ȼͨ壬ӦϢѾ򽫻ʻʵȥβȥ
Ȼ˽ӵ̫ƫˣڣҲ֪㾹Ȼֻ̫һˣ
үھͲЩˣʵѲ̫һĶ֣һȦףǲЦ󣡡
ʱѹõļס
£ӵ⣬ڲſʼɣҶҲŶ䣬֪˽ԸıƣŤתǬ
δȼ˿ڣҶͻȻ󷽻Ϊɽüͷһ壺˻ˡмѾΧǴڻӣˡǴȻвǧˣ
ڻҲڸˣ
ֻ΢΢Щ٣Ҫ׷ϽʻʵۣϣģֻԽʻʵ۵Ĳ֣ǿ
ӣˣ
һ֣Ҳ׷򽫻ӻ㱨
죬ҼӿٶȣһȻѹͣˣ֪ղ˵İ취
Ҳˣүǵʵ̫һӲӲʵûϣǻʵһʥ뿴ϣ𣿡˵Ϳˡ
ϣ
ĿǰʵѾʧˣ޷õֻ취뿪ʪ֣Ǽһ취ȡ
뽲
˿óүװ׷ǰκˣһ뿪үӴʲôûˣһϣֻһ취
ʲô취
ȹϵϡ
Ǹ߿գһֱŵҶȣҲ˫üһҲ֪˵׻ʲôð취
ǴĹơ
ƣ
˵֣һڣӸɻ󣬼ֵӲûϣˣֻģƣΨһõģү㣬Ͼǻʵ۵ӣϾһӣ
ơ
½ʳǣһ˴Ļʳǣһ壬нҵˣˣûһҵˣӳүƫƫӳˣ
ԭˣ˵˼ˣαװɴӴǿ׷ɱ£һ·˹һΣգòʪ֣ʣд磬Լٵˡ
˿̣ӷ·һˣһ̻ˡ
үһĸʯĳҲ£¶֣̫ĳ㣬ҲԺѡᣡ
ˣҾǻϣܵõ𣿡
үڲҪõȻܣʵ۲һбǰѽҵδϣԣҪõһУÿԼүʵֲֻͨ취ֻҪܴﵽĿģκΰ취У
ˣа취
൱ںʱõһ챦һɱΪתס󣡡
תף
ӵһ飬ͻȻЩ仯
ΪĿģֶΣԭһֱӣ뵽нƣö֣̫ˣ
Ҷ׼˵ıһë
̫񶾣ǻֶζĳ
ӵĳĬΪģ뼫ì֮С
ʳӣͬӲ߱
ֵүõģת׵һ֮෢䣬ͽʥ޷赲үþתףɱʵۣԼ̫ӣκ赲ҵһУģ
ҪɱҸʡ
סˣþ޷عҪɱ̫ӣɱĴ磬ǿ֣ɱʣ
ү˵ģ𵤱ϣ˷ˣʱĻʵۣɵһʱ㣿Ļᣬ̫ӣ˻һӶûдûгȣһ룬֮ǰ뿪үڿЩһ˵꣡
Ͼҵ
㻹ǻʵ۵ӣүһ·ֻǽ飬δǿүʲôһģ㿴ʵΪʵ
ͻȻúƮ죬嵭дĸ֣үڷҪ뿪ʪ֣ѲܣȻĸ֣͵үͶͷɱүҲүӴ˲ǻӣҹҹܴ˵裬үȥͶĸڿԱһԺ̫ӻָʵһŵĻӣһͳңв
˵ˣ˵ˣԸ߱ɱ֡ҪõһУûںңֺαںˣ
ʱ˿̣һĹĶģ֮УѾɱ⡣


1815 ²ر
ףҪ´
Ҳ֪ʱ˿̣θӣìܡ־塢ھΡɱ¾
ȻһϷ
ⳡϷĵݣҶȾϷĹڡ
Ϊݣ˴ͷβ鷢չУӣҲƵýѣû·
ֻ߱ɱֵѡ񣬾Уôһ֪һ飬Ҳڼ˵£ȫʧΪһ߰ˡ
ӡ֮ˣпɺ֮ߵ־أû˽ṵ̂Ҳܱ˳룬ԵͷӶֵͬ飡
ΪڣҶǿ͸ܣֻϺꡣ
Ȼػкܶ࣬罫ʻʵ۵ѡ񣬽̫ӵų⣬֡ȻΪһ㡣
Ҳӵ飬ֻԼζ
ˣ
üͷһתӦϢ˷Ϣ׷뼫ˡӣֻ
Ϣ֮УҶȲܵ˰˻ӣд߻ӣһЩӵеϢĴڣЩӣҲˡ
Ҷͨ壬ټβ̫ˣ߶ǧͼ΢΢һա
·ʪ֣һӵϢ˻ˣһշţΧĹϢԶϢصʮ˻ӵ˲δ֡
ûֻ֣ǰ˻ӹ֪ˡ
Ҷȼ̾һߵ˻ӵͳ˵̫ӡӡĻӡ߻βУǹȻˣ
ǰԭֻǿᱦˣû뵽αװǱǾͱ飬ǸһõģֵܣֻҲռȻУҲӵд˱ǰ£
˻ӿһīߣȻ𾴡
Ȼ֮ǰϣһжǰ˻ͼƻõġ
˻һԻӡ֤ҶһƲ⣬еǾȣ˻Ϊ˵λΪǿЩ޿ɺǡ
ʿһģǶթҪ棬ͱԼǿ󣬰˻Ҳֻ㣬ˡ
үãǰƺҲѰбټ
Ȼ䣬ǰü֡
ҪҼǰɣ
˻һҲżΪ֮ǰɳǿߣڰи潫̫ӣʪ֣ǰ˻ĵط
̫ӵƺҪر
ڿеҶȣ̴߶ǧͼɲǼ䣬ʹԽͨߣ·ǳƬƬͨһָҶȼһͷޣһðһͷ޴㡣
ſ죬ʻʵ۴Ž̫ӵˣȻ޴֮С
һĻҶȾ̫˼飬Ȼ߶ӦͷǧףһҲӴ
һ޾ûڣҶȸӦӴӰ͵ػͷȻǱϷζ
ܿ죬˴֣ҲȻ֣Ϣƾʧһ㣬ʲôû£Ϣ
ûӦûܷȥ˺δ
һҶȾͼӦ޲ϷζѾȥ֮⣬ȥȺ֮С
壡
ܿ죬뼫˵ˣҲ뽫ں
˼Ϊεؽ͵ˣһֱڰи٣ֲܸ̫ǰҲң׷ƾʧˣ
ƾʧ𺳣ָ޷ŵı飬ͻȻ뵽ʲôˣÿֵܣһƾӦ̫ӵϢ
үȲҪ߶뿪ƬѴȺˣ˦˵
ʮֽһ䡣
ͷ˷ǰ
ԽƬ֮󣬼˾ͽ齫ӣһԿʼж߶̫ӷ
ʮǱģʵǱԵüǱȻϷ
֣Ҳøȥ˿򼫷ˡ
оתףҪɱʵ϶պܴ󣬾߲Ҳˣ֣ӴԺ󣬽һӭߣ
˵꣬ʹɵı飬뽫˴ʮ֣зȥ
˿̣ҶȱѾӦ޵Ϣʮ֮⣬һƬɽ֮Уһɽ壬ʮͨǣͷ޾ɽ֮ͣš
ҶȸӦҲϢʼھɽ֮¡
ǰƬɽٲȻǽҲرڡ
ݹʪ֣ӵжɽϿȡɽȡءԼʪֵȵȣں֪Ҫ֪ҲرأǴ룬ǴﵽֲĴڣԴ߶һЩͨпҵرء
ϾرҲнϢȻ΢ӲĸӦ
ʥҪҵرأǲܣֻǿ̫ã
ȫעӦɽ֮£ŵΡ
һӦҶȴһ
Ƭӵɽɽ֮£Ȼ̾ţͷ޵Ϣʮͷ֮࣬Ȼɽ룬Լɵ£һĽ磬ϢʮãƬɽںһ壬ҶȸӦϢҲ޷ӦĴڡ
ٷ֮٣ǽҲرأıƬɽ·
޵ʵʮǿǰ˻ӣҪõҲһ£ҵ£̫ӡԼˣұõʬҲԡ
׼λãҶȾͿʼȴͬʱҲ취
˻ӵˣʵҲ취Ҫɽ¶ģܺȥҪõһС
ߣҸ֣ҲٴޣϢӵص뿪Ƭɽʪ֡
˰ʱҶȾ͸ӦҸ֣˽֮УһЩޣʼڵ£һƬɽΪһ
һʱȥ
ҶȾ͸ӦϢɽϧɽ֮£̫ˣߣҲ涯
֪ʻʵ뽫̫ӣûиӦӵ
ͷȻ͸ӦʮϢһͷ޵ڣ뿪صףر
пܣΪӶҲһЩĿ
Լʮ֮󣬽ӾǱշжɽգãȻˣϣ
ӣ
ͻȻӵ²֪ʲôطɭĴ
ʱϲһӣ壬壬ҪҪҴĸڴ۱ɱʹʱòͻΧ壬ȥʪΧǴĸ֣ܼȰ
ʵˣڲ㣬һͷ޴뿪ȥһȫĵطȻûδӦ
壬ΧǴˣȥҪңﶼȥ£ֱΪֹ
ͨһ
ӼĹ£ᣬȻƦݡ
£ƺû뵽ӣʩչֶΣûӣЩ֣̣ʵΪͬ顣
ӡԵȣҿʵ˼
Ҳܼܵܲȣһһӣʵ۵ӡ
ʱ򣬿ƻΨһУκʩչ¶óѣ˷ʤ
֮УҶȿһУѾ֪ʻʵһͬ⣬£Ϊʵۣܵô˵棬ԼӼȡ
⽫ʧȥţԼġ


1816 ߱ɱ
ţǵĴ
ģ֧ŵĸ
ʧȥʻʵۣ״£עʧȥһУûԸΪЧ
һˣ֧Ųһ۹
ֻ²ʹ˽ӣٽ
һ뽫ɽ壬һɷ籩ƯӰӶ˵سȥһбܽ籩֮У籩һ£㱻ɽƵġ
ƾʧ
֮УͨӦϢҶѼ޴ˣǱɽǵ½硣
գ۹ȥŽˣһȺ֣𽥿ɽδ̤ɽ֮УɽΧǱƺӰиӦСɽ֮УѰҵ½׼ȷλá
ʱ䣬ҶҲӦ˻ϢҲɽ֪ͨʲôֶΣҲҵɽ򣬵ƺδȷٶڻƽ
֣ʲôɱ˻ʵֱ֮Ӱ⴦ɽƿ
ɽΧ˽˵
ҵ׼ȷص㣬ҵǿһǱ룬ɱǸֲǵӶ֮ٳ֣ʱֿ˽͵
ԭˣ
˲ò˵ģַϣ˳סģϣɱ뱦֮أõһС
Ҷ̷һͨ壬ɽգӦ˻Ϣ̴֮߶ǧͼȥ
֮䣬ҶȾͳ֮⣬һƬʪϿա
·Ϸɸ߿У˻ӴˣɽٶȣҲδȷշ
һֱиŰ˻ӣʱʱ̿׼һҵҲвڣ飬˻ȱ
ʦʻʵ۵ʧ̫죬֮ǰϹŶѾ޷ҵλãȷʦ㣬ͨӦ֮λҵʻʵ뽫̫ӵĲ֮
Ӧ֮ҲֻżȻʱһϲоɵĹǼ֮еõô꣬СɣǾ̫ңԶһʱᣬҲҵҲвϢ
Ȼ䣬˻ԱīߵĶԻҶȵĶ
Ӧ֮
ҶȶپЩ㵣ΪһʧĹͨ
ӦǸ˶ȻҲһֵءʿ֮䣬ڵһӦ֮ǸӦһ֡
Ȼ֮Уͨγɵһ΢ͬϢϢʮֶأӵϢȻϢںΪһ壬˶ԸӦģֻӦ֮ʿſԸӦ
ͬҶӵжϢĸӦһģҶȶĸӦӦ֮ǵͼܶࡣ
汲Ԫ֮ɽ֮У˵²ر磬ȻеϢƬأγһ΢ɶеī߸պӦ֮ҪӦҲرشλãԾ̫ˡ
ڰ˻δˣҲ֪ðʿīߣҶһֱѣ˿⣬֮ǿߡšʿ̫ˡ
ǰ֮УһһʿϢǴǽҲرڣ
֮ī߾Ȼֱӣָɽڵء
Ӳˣ
˻̾һ䣬ٶȣɽȥ
֣ͿҪϵɽҶҲˣҵɽÿ뼫ˡʻʵۼչɱ
ϻصͨߣʩչͨһɽ֮ϣȻСʼʩչͨһܵĵطȻͷޣʼʯ㣬¶һһɴСĵضضϵ졣
ʲôܳԣʯҲһһҶȽͲʩչͨһض
ɵĶ̫ϸ΢ˣſһͿʯʣضֱ½翿
ͬʱͨ崫Ӧ뽫ˣҲҵһҲȻؿ½硣
㲻ҶȾ½磬ֻм׾룬ʼͷӦϢ
̫ӡ
һӦϢǽ̫ӣΪϵϢ̫⣬ҶȸӦһ£ȷǽ̫ӡ
ָܿӦӴڣոոӦԱ߾мǿߣһϢʮޣɸܵһɰ
ؾǽʻʵۣҲʻʵɭϵ˭ں˵սɱж˺·޷صʹûпʹ
Ӹж𣺡ֻڻʹ۱ʱ۰ˣҲţ˺ģҵȶ֮ˣ
ɳ֣ԱǰΧ£򱾻Ҳܣ壬ֵأ
ǡҲֻ֪֪һֳ˴Щӵĵ£ܶãԾʹʱպúڵܵʱ˳ǷˣҲΪ
ΪôϣǶһǰ
Žĸһֱ׷ɱ·ȥֻܴ߶ǵıۣú֪Ϣʪ֣ҹͣڸˣʣʪʱѼٵĴ֣ʪ֮Ѱ³ҵ
ĸ֣޷ҵģӣûʲôۼᱻǲٶ
ȽʻʵۿڣһߵͻȻʳ
ڴʱҶҲͨһʯ㣬һ֮·һ˹䣬оֱһĵ¿ռ䣬һ磬ι̵ıŵ¿ռ䣬֮УҶȸܵ޵ϢԼϢ
¿ռΧʱʱЩ޴ĶѨϢµģҶϢʱ籣һξ롣
Ҳͬʱشӽڴͱ˵ӣһһĸҴ⣬Ϣ
ǵõϢⷽ㻹δ֮ʱǻںԶĵطѰңΪˣҲˣ
һߣʣɵʵ
ǰӣҪش⣬ˣˣҲֻʣЩˣһҲˣһ߽ʵ
޷ͣʣҪź𵤱ϣһ·ò׼һСҪźλӽĽ͵
˿̣ҶҲӦ뽫ˣ硣
һᣬȻҶȿ󷽣뽫ˣʮǿߣȻһڣҲ׿
ƺڵȴӶ֡
Ϊ㣬ɣʻʵ۵Ӱ£ʮ䵭
ʲź͵Ծ
ͻȻƺʲô˵ľٶҶȸӦΧͻȻӿٶȡ
ס֣
ʻʵ۵һȡ
߳߳
ţʯ֮䣬һ׵ҶȶȻǼ̱
ʱģֻеƿ
̣
ʣҪңҪԹңĺ֮ǰǣһ磬ҵܲˣҲ֣Щ˵˽ĸ˽ģ
һ֮󣬽ӲĮ˵
ڴʱ뽫֣ʮ֣硣
ӣӰʻʵŭڽ֮š
ȻӴ߶˾תףȻɹ֣ϮԼףԼʣĸ߲㡣


1817 ܽ
ɱЩ࣡
֮⡣
뽫ˣʱ
ͻȻɳʮͷǿޣ߲У״̬վɱ
뽫ˣǽӽʥǿߣޣҲԿǣһɱһҪ֮С
ˣ
뽫ˣһ赲֮ڣʻʵ뽫Ҹ߲㣬ֱ㣬̫޾ֱ
ңڻҲδʱֵ֣ûᡣ
Ԫ
һ߶ǧͼҶȾǰ
ǿ󣬿赲߽λڣʱмΪڻҶȼŪһ㶯ҲӰʲô
ʩչҶȿʼӴ硣
̫һԼɽ
ʱʻʵ۵΢𣺡ӣɱĴ磬ҿû㣬ûĴ磬ǲ뽫壬ʹ뿪
뿪Ұװ뿪ʣһδõбҲɱ̫ҲԣԸ𣿡Įʵ
ˣԭһ磬ʹ⡭
ʻʵͻȻЦЦ֮ǰӦ㻹лᣬûˣ±⣬ǰ㣬ֻҿԣ˵õ˲㣬ֻ̫ӣӴҲˣ̫ӣҪõҪǿ޽֣򡭡ǾԲԸ⣬㣬ܽ룬ȻⷬҡѵҪԼУ
һ̾Ϣ֮󣬽ʽʵ۵ʹȻֹ
ϢҶȵĸӦ֮Уʧˡ
϶˻ƫģɱĺãɱĺãЩţҵ֧Ԯɱǲ̫ᣬӴЧң򡭡
Լ׶ֵˣɱ
ʻʵۣ뽫Ҹ߲㣬⽫ӵİɱЩ֣Ҳȫʲôˡ
ԲΪ׷ɱӡ
ƺҲ򼫷뽫ԮôٸֵĶ֡
뽫ˣʱܵһʱ䣬ɱ֮УҲڱΧһʱᣬ޷ӡ
ʣ
ҶȿҪںϽ磬֮ʣ˽̫ʹıޡ
̫үҪʵʵǻǸϿ찴ջʵ۵֮Уɱ̫͡
ԶԶԣ
õѣǰһ̣Ϊʧȥףʹ޵̫ӣתۣȫûˡ
ãʻʵ֮ǰ˵ǰѽ罻̫ӣ̫˳ȥ磬ޱҸ޷ҪֱӰȡߣ鷳ˣ
Ҷȫ߶ֱͷ̫һս硣
ҪڻĽ磬ҶȲһУȫں£Ҷȴ˽磬ǰǼȽϴĽ磬ÿΧһЩֱ
ҶȸӦ̫ڽ磬ϴ߶ǧͼ˽硣
գۣǰ̫棬֪׼ʲôҶһȻһ磬γһ̵Ľ磬ҲһЩµ
ͨӦҶȷ˽Ĳܡ
羹ȻǽҸֲõģҲ磬ǽҸ֣һֲͬö
ڽ棬Ҷȸܵһ޵ϢԼʮﵽ߽λޡ
ƺΧʲô챦챦ΧϢ
ҶһͷŻ龻֣Ӧ챦ΧϢϢ֮СȻһ˿˿
Ȼ٣챦Χޣ֮ͬ޵ʵӡ
ҲЩޣ챦С
벻ͨ벻ͨҶҲˣ뽫̫ڵĽ룬߶ǧͼٻˮ
Ҫڽ̫ӳɲǣ֣
ҶȾһΡ
Ӧ֮У̫ʮֱ£Ե
Ȼͣ١
ˣ
һ˸죬ֻȻһĽ̫ӣҸֱ£Ҫ߳硣
ǧͼ
ͣ
ҶȾڽ棬޵һƣ̫ͷ­׳ˮ̫һ֡
ˮͷ­ҶȵָҲһ׽̫ͷ­
̫Ȼ̫ϵӣһ񣬵ֻϲʵܴҶȵ£ӳȥ
̫ӿ˲һѪͫͳ˾ͬʱǰһڣ벽뿪ʱͻȻΪӰһвˡ
̫أ
ĸ֣ע⵽쳣׷׼ӿ뿪磬ǳһʬ壬̫ȴӰ֪ûʬ塣
ڽ̫ӣոձҶǧͼ֮Уֱָһץ̫Ӿûʱӡͼ֮УҶȻڴǧͼӰתһ硣
ĵУһſܽ𵤣ҶȿƿܷһɣҶʵͻһδ
нʻʵ۵ʬ壬һʥʬ壬̺ôֲҪ׼ϲҲܷŹ
˻ӵҲɽϷҪ֣ǵԼƣӦûֱӰɽи˲ɱУ
ʱ䲻ˣҶȲϣ˻ʱҪ뾡취õϵĿܽ𵤡
ʱֻҪڰȼ˱Χɱʱʬˡ
ಣ
գҶȾǰ߶򣬻һͽǿĽС
ʱͼʮ֣Χɱĸ֣ϧĶʮˣֻʣˣϽӣһˣΧʮ˵Ķ֣Ҳֲ˶ãЩֵ¡
ҶȻһռ磬˽ʻʵۣԼ𽫼Ҹ߲ʬ壬ҶȻ߶򣬻һȫ֮С

ֱնɱʣ֣ŵø˸ߣʣ½ӣʮ֡
ӣǲɱңҿԱһǣӹ֣ͣвǵʵһж޷ס
ˣ˭㣬˭ûк³ֵǣɱȥ̫ү
ɱ
ʮˣһͬͷǾӹȥ
˾ȡҡ
ӾؿŸʶرͷ򼫷ȡ
꣡꣡
ʮ˹Ȼûͣ֡
ֻһУӾͳһѪ⣬۾ɵôģƺҲû뵽Լ˵УҵͷһΣһΡ
ಣ
ʮɱ˽ӣ·𶼺ܽȻͬʱԵڴʱһУѽӵʬ壬ƾ롣
ţѵû
ǿͷһֽӵʬ壬Ȼˡ
ಣ
ͬʱǿӰ˽С
ɱڵļ뽫ˣǸӦӾҲȣȴûϢһΧʬ壬ƺЩף˻ǿЩ֣ǶʶϷɣʻʵϷɣУӣ
ɱˣ
Ҳ棬̫ҲŹ㣡
ʮֶڽˣ˼ɵһҪɱЩ߲񣬲ѣһѡɳ˽硣
֣Ȼˣעǻȥ̫ӣʻʵ϶ҲˣֻܵõһֱŬܰװ˷ѣ
Ľ˼򣬺ߴ֮żˣԵȥ


1818 ı
뽫ֻϺ꣬Ϊռˣ֪ڻӣϾҪɱˡ
ڽ֮еҶȣ߶ǧͼʩչռںһ
ǼҲ޷ҶȵĴڡ
˻׼ɽи
Ȼͨ崫֪Ϸж
˻Ӵһٶ֣ɽϷ̫ӡĻӡ߻ӵˣȻǱڰڵȴ˻Ϊ£ɽпɱ½֮С
½˲䣬ڻӾͻ໥ɱ
뵽Ҷͨ࣬Ҫʱʱ̿ʧ˻һ֣֪ж󣬲󷨣Ҳܴ
ҶΪвѣ˸ֹ²ҲҪˣǶ֮С
̫ںδ
ͻȻ˱ס˻ߵĺ
һԭǰ뽫֣һǰһ󣬰һٶֶסռ䣬вϹ
Щ뼫ˡ˶֣Ȼڶ࣬Ǹ߲񣬶ǣѽʥȻҲʵȴ춯أǵͽλǻԿ⡣
ڡǶֵĻֻ·һ
Ҳ֪̫Ӹճʱһ˲ɱ̫Ҳ治ˡ
˶ʱҲδҵ̫ټֻ󷨣ûҹ
һ֣ĸɵǿߣɱ¸Ҳֻܷʵʵش
֣Ī̫Ӷһˣ棿Ѹо棬̾ŲޡסŭһԵļˡ
ǣһͬ򿪽磬Ȼǿ󣬵֣ôˣƿ£
˾
һɨˣϹŶĵλʵ̫ۡӡӡ¶ˣǽҵΨһ߲㣬ǶҽҾӢڸ࣬Լ̣
·ӣи֣ٶˣͳͳ¹
Ѹ𣬵һٴνǵʱǹ磡
ǣ
ǶԽΨǴӣΥŽʾ⣬Խ硣
뽫ˣʱ߶ǿΪﵽʥƣʼ˵ˡ
ಣ
˴һ⣬Χٶ֣ҲԼں֮ɼ˽ӡΪһ⽣ӽϵ£ݵһնȥ
ȣ
⽣ȫﵽʥ
ʯ䣬ѽ룬ⱦŽɢɢ˳˶ʶסâ
ʧǰ鱦ʯֱѻɽ֮ıֲͷ޷۵Ĺâ
˶ǰıסˡ
ûһȥᡣ
ΪâոճʱֻʮߴӰ֣һϵļ̳Ҳϳֳ
̳ΪͭɫʮɴСЩߴӰԭһﵽޣ״̬ޱ飬ǿųǰࡣ
Ǻ󷽣̳룬һԲ򣬳ž˵룬ƯһԼһɵ񽣡
ͷųһͳΧİʥϢǱϢޣܲǿ󣬸ӿʲôȼ
Ȼı
ں󷽽еҶȣɲǼ䣬ȷǱ񽣣ϢȻϤϢ
Ȼҵﶼˡģ
̳һ޵
ǶǽҵˣһɲԸǰ޵õ
˵ҪΪû֪ҽԼڼԪ֮˵ʱǴսã˫κζԷӦǵ棬ֻҪʪֽ¿ռ䣬ǣʥҸֻ֪ҽҵˣܿ
û뵽˽ÿһˣ¡˵ĺܶԣڿʼ뽫ҵԼȻϣʥߣ屾֮Ҳ޵ѪʥֻǻصУ
ֻҪǻţԼȻЧΪҽʥҲõ˾޴ĺôʥͷųʥ֮һʵ𣿡
˵ôû塭ɱ
޵ǿߣֱ´

ʱʮǿޣ˳һʱ䣬뼫ˡԼٶǿߣɱ
ֲôޣԸΪҿرԭҲ̺Ϊ֮ͷųϢں֮󣬻ʵ
Ҷ˺һЩɲ˫ɱ֮УƳ̳˱ֻõͷų
ҲżȻԴ߶ˡ
ʲôƷʵٿԸӦһ֣ѵʥ񷨱
˽룬ҶҲĲͻȻ뵽ͯϣԼɻ
ͯϿʼӦ൱𺳵ˣ⣬Ʒʡﵽ˾Žλ񣬱ū߳Σһ㣬ʹﵽƷʣ
Žλ񷨱
һǷֲϢޣҲλ񷨱
ˣ̫ǿˣ̫أūˣδʿҲĴţ壬£ߣʥҲһ֣ʿ඼Ϊľ磬ں֮УһǾǴ˵еĺ磡

֮Ȼˣϧ岻һ˿ԼģͨҲܻ壬ֻԶ½ص磬Ĵڣͯһֱž̾
ƵΪҲǾŽλ˵пܴﵽ񡭡
Ҷͯϻص֮УȻϸ˼ͶƵĶӺ棺ǿΪʿ֮ڣȻ౦ͯԣ岻ͨĺֻ磬ƣôֻЩͨĺ֧֮У
ͻͻͻ
˼֮С
Ȼ䣬Ľ翪ʼ𶯡
Ҷ̧ͷһ͸磬Ȼһ⣬ѴԼֱʮɣԲεĵر㣬пȻ󱻼߿գ¶һ״쾮ض
ˣ߶ǧͼҶȰԼϢصĸޣָܱӦ
ⳡɱ֮С
𣡣
¿ռΧ޳˳쾮·

ʮϢ󣬴쾮֮ϣĸ֣Ȼ඼Ǻˣ໥ɱȻ󲻶Ϸ
֮Уʬ׹
Ǵ̫ӡӡĻӡ߻Լ˻ӵ·쾮ɲǣҪɱ½֮С˻ӾȻû
쾮֮Уɱļ·ҶȷǴڻӵǱ˶С
ֻҶδӦ˻ӵϢӦõһʱ䣬ڣ
ͨӦ֪ڵ棬˻ӱһ˲סһʱ޷ͨ˻ʦĶԻ˻ǹ⻺ٶȣɱ·Ҫ໥ɱ֮ȥ
һҲ沼֣ɽΧʼ·γ㡢ļ̷½·ˣûһܻӳ˻µ塣


1819 նɱ
һһУʾ˻ӵ侲Լܵ˼
ʱи漫ˣҵᣬնɱˡ
֮УҶѼɱ֮УסȻɱ磬˶̳
߶ǧͼ̳ɲ̫ܿ뽫ǿߣްΧ֮Уʵǿ󣬽ʥ񣬵ҪնɱôޣҲһ֮¡
ɱǣҪǵľѪȡ
Աߣ߳һİСߣѪһƺۣ˫Ѫ죬һޣĿϢ޲еı壬վԱߣ޶ҪΪ
ʥ񼶱ޣʵԶʥҪǿĶࡣ
δֹ֣û
̳Χ뽫Ĳв֣ɱÿ˵ΧЩ·𶼲Ƶġ
ɱ
̳ΧȻ䣬ֲٵĺˣնɱޣԴǿߣڶ࣬˷̳
ү㿴֮УӦþǽҹ
ʮ룬һϵĿ⣬ԱһΪĿ⣬̾һָ
˿ͫĿ⿪ʼȻܲϢҵΪﵽ񣬿ƷʣҲǸ߽λʥ񷨱пܣ
̫ӡӡ߻ӵɱˣүֿ̳Χ·ڿҺð˻ӱǵǯ棬һᱦ֣
һˣһôڵĵˣʥ񼶱ޣԼްΧ𽫼ǿߣΪ̫ӡȥԸǣֱɱ
ɱ
һ£ʮ֣ʮ֮࣬Ǹ߲߽λһѷɱȥ
ȻǴĻӡ
ǱڼΧҶȣһֱע˶˶ԻȻӲĶ䡣
Ϥ߻̫ӡӸԶн߻̫ӺĻҪԼʵõ
׷죡
˼ôɱϳǰδеĽţֱްΧͻȻһӿѪ졣
žžž
Ѫ໥ƣûγɷ󷨣ͬһŴΧޣ޲ǱˣɣһЩޣòûˡ
һĽˣʵҲΪ߶һ󣬲ɱ
ɱǰ棬Ϊ֣ޣʹô·ӿٶȸ
ɱЩǿߣ
ٺˣֱӰѼ뽫˵Ŀꡣ
һЩǿߣ󹥻ޣ̨Ѿֻв׾롣

һĸ֣Χɱ߶Ѫ죬ȻΪһ޴Ѫ죬˫ִ߶һͻͻͻɨʮ֡
ǽʥǿߣһͰһЩ񡢸߲ףЩʵҲ࣬ʼʩչ󷨣ˡ
ɱ˹֧Ԯˣ֣˲ɱˣŨɱʼ׷ȥ
Ϊĸ֣һɱ
࣬ݵţ
ڣʥ޳ˡ
ˣԽޣɱǰ
ˣ
ʥͻȻᣬһɻüһ֮⣬ľͷһһڰա
ݣ
һĻˣʥͻȻ죬һޱȵĶĳࡣ
ͷȺ͸Ũֻһ磬׵ؾڼϣȻ͵һ
žžž
һ񣬱֮ضϣ̫Եֱޱȷ
󣡣
·ˣҲɱ̨Χû뵽ʥ·䰵һŸṥ硣
һУЧʥ޼״Ҳ˼ɵ֮ɫͻȻһץгһ󴸣ԼʮɣͷѪâ
䣡
һֻһ֮䣬ѺѪ󴸡
󴸵ĺʥܡ
ۣ
һ֮ͰΧһЩ߲ˣõѪ۽ǡӡ䶼ӿѪȻһ£û
һЩҲܵش
ֻһʥޣͰʮǿƸ࣬Ҫеõܡ
̫ͣˣû뵽ʥ
뼸֮ҶȣȻҲܵ˲ʥ֮ں˷ܣҶһ֪˶٣ҺüʱϾ£ܰѴ󲿷⡣
ѣ˺󼸲
׷죡
ʥ޷֮˶ɵޱȣ׼֮ʣͻȻһߣӰɱѪ죬ѹʥޡ

޻Ӷ󴸣Ѫײһ𣬾ȻѪʥ޵ƣʧ˲٣ԷѪˣȻǼˣҲ˺
Ȼʵʥ޻һ룬Ǿ벢Ǻܴ󣬷Ҳ޷ʥ濹⡣
ɱ
ΧͻȻɱٺˣż˴·磬Ȼɱ˹
ĺˣ£ٴν󣬶ʱ䣬໥ֻǹʥޡ
ˣֶ֣ԸʥޣҪѶԷĨɱյõ
ɱԽпᣬͽλ߲Ϊʬ壬һЩ߽λ߲Ҳڲ䣬Ҳնɱ
뽫ˣԵǱҪԸޣҪԸ·֣ͬǿǣҲһʱ䣬õ
䣡
ʥޣϻӶѪ󴸣ʥһδβӣ߽λ߲񣬿ʼˡ
ž
ȻʥǿߣҲһʱԸΧô֣һԲƵķĺ󱳣תʱżʮˣϴ߶Ĺ
УҲһѪԵ

ٺֹ뽫ˣʵˣѾһѪƵ˱Ե
һϹм˷֮ϣҰģǿҲʥιķ飬ԷˣҲñը˫ѾһһѪ׶Ρ
֣ˣǻǿӰɣֶ࣬ڶ࣬ȥò
ˣߵͷп򼫷ˡ
ҲΪΣĿԵúܼᶨ˰װ׷ŹҽҵıУ
㲻ߡߣ
˾ȻתͻΧʣ¼ˣƵһԶʮ˹һʱʱϡ
ˣ
ȻûбնɱҲδ˽׶ΣѴڱ״̬оеɱ֣
ҶȼһĻ߶ǧͼʼˣ֣޷ӦĴڡ
Ϊ˶ɱ֮У鹦򣬻ȥӦʲôİա
׷죬Ѫ󣡡
һδνӡ֮ΧѪȻѪΪ޴һѪ죬ɨΧ
һУľնɱ˽ʮˣ𣬶ޣҲ𿪡
Ҳġ
˳Χպγһյץȥʱ˿̣ʥޡ·˶໥ɱ
һѵĺûᡣ
ͣ
벻ɳһԶǰʲôûеգͻȻһ⡣


1820 
ֳ֣һС
˸ռ⣬޷κηӦֻʶ˱ۡ
ڱɲǣ⴩üġ
ˡ
Ҷ֮дͻȻûָżһץ˾Ͳˡ
ô£
һˣ׷ɱԼΧĺˣץס϶ȡȥֹ
˭Ҳû뵽һ֣˲ɱʬҲˡ
ƾʧʲôû
ҲֻǾƬֿ̣ʼ໥ɱһˣǴ£ɱԽҡ
ڴʱҶѾԵ뿪磬쾮·̧ͷһЩۣܿӦ֮У쾮Ưٸ֣ǶϢδɱ¿ռ䡣
Ȼǰ˻ӿⰲŵģҪڲ·ɱֻʣһʱǲʰо֡
˻ӰôȻŹκһˡ
ǰ˻벻棬Ȼһߡ
ҶȲδ쾮뿪֮ǰɵĵضر
ϢҶȾͷɳرΧȻвٵĸϢҲһӦ󷨣Ҷȴ߶򣬼ϴǧͼһϢ뿪˰˻µĸӦ硣
ͷһɽΧӵٶ˸֣˻쾮Ϸȴš
Ҷٻͨ壬Է뱾ںϣҶ̴߶ǧͼӦꡣ
ಣ
ʱʼԾĴ
ֻĸҶȾԶ뽫ؽ磬˴
һʤ£ƼһǿҵˣҶȲδҪȥֻҪԶʪ֣ҸƧ֮أͻƾŽλв
̴߶ǧͼ
ʱ֮ǧ֮һƬԭҰ
þϢ߶¯Ȼ𽥰
ʪһУûеõȴΪ˻Բ񣬰֪õ˽̫ӡӡԼʻʵ۵ʬ塣
ľʬ壬̺˲ļֵ
ʻʵģҶԭƻ֮УûдˣֱˣƻӣȻ߱ɱľٶҶ׵õһʥʬ壬ϣȻнڴ󲿷ֵı
󲻶ϴ߶¯ҲȼţѴﵽ˰˽λ߶ȣһ۷壬ָоʮ
ڣҪľʬ壬ϲ
ȿӵĿܽ𵤣
֮䣬ڲ֮Уӵʬ壬̳Ҷȵǰһһư¸
һֻһŰɫâӽӵ¸ܿҶȵϣһڴİ𵤡
ܲŴӡγɵŽ𵤣ûһ˿Ϣ
ȫͬ𵤣̺ϢģŰ𵤣ûκϢΪûƶɵĿܽ𵤡
ܽ𵤱ӵķӡַҶ𽥴߶Ӧ͸֮ܽУʱ͸Ӧ֮ķӡַӡγ˿ܽ𵤣֮УԭҲһʿжĽ𵤣ŷӡַǿγɽ״̬ˡ
ſܽ𵤣𵤵ʿںϣûпܣɹѿܽںΪ𵤣ûȱݣǿܽ𵤣ͲΪʿ׼ģռԣԶǿߣƿܷã
ܽ𵤣Ժлᣬ벻׿ںϣһǿĿܷҲԵʹã
ȻһҪһ㣬Ҷлᣬӿ֮ܽУʧõƿܷԼܽ𵤵ͨӡ
ƷӡҶȾͿƸĿܷ
ܽ𵤣ڼѰһûзκαȻִ߶̫ӵʬ壬Ư
̫ʬһ֣Ҷȵ˫ͫðĹâ
Ϊ̫ӵڣӵõ֮ںϣھӵ֮бԴӵķףңΪߵĿԣϣ
Ҷӵвٵߡߡߡֻߵͨ壬ÿһʣʵУֶͨͨõġ
ûԼʡ
ߣ
ǿԼŬոͨԼĻԵŬ˵ԼУӵԼʣٲǶᣬǴС
У޷ݡ
ಣ
ָһץ̫ӵʬ壬΢΢һȻһâ¸ϰͬһŽ𵤡
Ž𵤣һ
Ϊ𵤲ڽ̫ӣޣҶȶ˽⣬ӴŽ𵤣͸Ӧ棬һϢڲϵǻͷš
һϢǴرԴϢӵнľˮںϵϢ
ϢȻͷųġ
޵ڵѾںϣʡһѪں֮󣬿½𵤡ԴѪ֮Уе
ǾҶȲΪߣں֮Ժס
Ҳȵȵľѱ󣬾ͯϣҲδ
ҶԣļֵȻһ۷壬䣬һΣҪҲͨ취ȡ
Ҷְѽʻʵ۵ʬץ
ָϣ˴䣬ǿƣ⵹ҶȲƿģϽͯϡ
齣ʻʵڣͻȻ䣬ڻʵڸܵ˵ȻܵȴѪ֮С
ԶŴ˵ĺᡣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȶЩˣܱʻʵںϣգ֤ԶŵĴ˵
ȻΪҶȵʻʵûʲôʲô˴䡣
˼һᣬѹȥ죬ͯҲðѴ佻Ҷȡ
û˽ƣҶ׽봢ռ䣬ʱ˴ıʲôУֻǸƷ̫٣ȻûҶȿ۵ı
ֻһˣʲôҲòıΨһҶУٷְٻڰ˻С
԰˻ӵ֣ҪƣܣʵҲУһŽλ񷨱ֻдﵽԴ򿪣Ǹ߽λķûκ񣬿ȫں
ЩЩֵԺϣǲҲԺбԴʱҪĲɲһǰ㣬κһб֮
ҶȰѴȻʻʵ۵ʬ壬ȻӦһ˺һϢ̫һƺһ΢ϵʻʵһʵۣ̺Ϣ¾Ǵ˵Уġ֮˵ֻеӵС֮
Ȼյۣĵֻ֮һܰˣ񽫻ʻʵ㣬ֲ֮Ԫ񡢽𵤡Ѫ֮УϧҶԵ֮˽⣬ԶŵҲҲˣ˽֮ã֮ӵе֮Ҳʲô
˼һҶȾͰʬƿ뵽һʬ壬ˡ
ڵıҶȵǲںΨƵǿͨҶȲʼˣȥ׷¡ŽΧĺ򣬴߶龻֣ΪģӦƶϢ¡


1821 ͻư˽λʧ
߶ʬ˲Ϣֶ
üѪƺѪ黹֮ǰؾһ̣ʶһ˿㤡
һĳһ죬ʬ忪ʼָ¶һöɫ䣬Ҷڣҵ֮ǰ߶Ѫ죬κα
žŽλĽƣҶֽͯϣƽơ
ץסѪ죬һаʺһʿʹãҲûʲô֣ƷʷǳʥڼУӳǿ̫࣬Ҳ³
һʥóȥֵƣȻȥ¶ž鷳ˡ
һǱһʿǿĶֻ࣬ΪھŽλһܶˣ޷̤ʥ
ѵһõΪͻʥ񣿡
ʥ
Զʱ߼ĴڣӵͼҪ߽󣬷ǳף˵ʥأһͻʥﵽʥΪʥߵĴڣͼȻڷ
ߣ뽫ʻʵۣͬʱڵĴڣʻʵ۶̤ʥ񣬵Ϊ̫ӵļˣΪȻҪǿʻʵۣϧϣΪӰ˶ӵеġ
ӵУҲںУ
ˣ
ʱͯϾͰѴ䣬֮д߶
Ҷץס֮Ȳ봢硣
ʱ䣬Ưڴռ֮У鱦ʯӸﵽʮ־ˣ²һЩʥʥǿߣҪ١
ǿ򡭡
ããı磬Ҫҵһ̸ף
ҶƵıֻҪ߶Ȼγɹ
Ҷȴδ߶΢ǡѾ봢ռ䡣
޵ıͼھ̺ͬѰֻҶһֱ޷䣬ʲô޷˽һУ񣬾ҲȻ
ˣ
߶֮󣬾Ź⣬ʼͷŶͬʱҶҲͬϢ
ʼҫռ䣬̫âء

һһƬ֮У춯֮
Ҷһ󷽣һŷӡ֮УƯһε򣬻һץΧӡץ飬ͬʱס
һͬϢǿҵشҶȵġ
ö򡭡
ڵõ䣬ʼϸϸ
˸һɫֿԴۣ·ɫ֮ڷɣɳ
ʼ
ˣ
·һ»ƵģӿصӡҶȵҲ֮УʱģƯ֮УҲʮ󷨲÷ûбƽ⣬ƽ֮ˣӦþǼˡ
ƽ֮һʣ֮Ưĺ棬Щģокܶ಻һĵطҪ߶ЩĲܻû֡
޷ӵ޷ƽ󲿷ģͨ׷Žʮƽ֮һ
ƽģǹһЩĵãзȻʽһɶֻյǺ֮ڵܿʱ䣬ҶȾںЩƽġ
֪ڳŽλ񣬽ЩĵãƬģʱʱ֮󣬷ӡ֮Уǡ
Ʋܰ¼֮УľȻԺ
δƽĴ󲿷ģҶȴ߶֮Ŀʼı䣬ûͨģͨ˽⣬һ֣Ȼĵãʣģֻ̫Ƭĳ飬ĳˡ
Щ֮У˺δԼĴ󲿷ݣԼᵽһΪݣᵽһ֣Ҷһ
â
Χǿĺһͳ֧ʵԶ
һҶȾͻᵽâһҲ⣬Ͼâǿĺǿ󣬱ȻҲ֪â˵âʮϤ

һҶúİδһ̾ңԶܾڵĵط
ע֮ϣЩ󷨣ԭƶԦķţҲ˵Щ󷨣ҶȾͿԿƶĶ
ֻϧ֮ڲûнܣƶ֮ڣʲô
ƶŵλãнܣӵмʵܽƬңԶĺ棡
˼ƽͳͳպãҲ뿪֮Уع鱾
Ҷۣ΢΢һоһṦ򣬾Ȼȥʱ䡭
գ۹ȥֱҶȸеϧŽλ⡣
ϴ߶¯Ȼѽ̫ӡӵʬ壬ͳͳȼգΪ
ԪѾﵽ۷壬Ҷǰ׼ɹھſԴ֮Ҫ
ʻʵ뼫˵Ҫɹ֮󣬲ſʼգʻʵһʥҪա
֮ǰںʥռĺһУֻʣʮҲ㹻̤ϲ
ԪˣҶȿʼֹͣȻþתȻԪϵӿ롣
Ժ뵽ʪ֣꣬˻ӣӦ˳õҲһĵˣ
Ԫӿٶȣϵӿ룬ڰ˿ԴԱߣԪҶһԪѪ֮Уϳ룬Ԫ
Ԫ޴󣬲໨£ҶȲŰԪ֮Уʼӡһӡ޷壬ᣬͬʱҲʼȼգһֻֻˣԪ֮а衣
ھſԴҪڰ˿ԴҪʱҪо񣬲ܷ
ͨ˵˽λŽλһѹأŽλͿԳԲ
Ҷ侲Ҳǿҵڴɹ̤Žλ֮УﵽŽλ۷壬ϲʱںѪӡʱĳʱӵԴԴ֮гԪӵнѪ
ڣҪɹں𣬻Ϊʱ磬ںϽѪӣ⣬ʱںҲס

ԪҶȲϽӡ£ӡںԪ֮УԪ󽥽СֻʮɴС
ӰɵʮɣҶֻȥ깦򣬶ɹᣬٻҪһ¡
ҶԴʱһΣ뾳粻ߣкܴء
ԪȻڲСȼգӡ𣬰Ԫ֮еʾԪ߶ȻԱ߰˿Դ
ˡ
Ÿ£գ۾͹ȥˣ
ҶͻȻۣ¶ǳǳЦݣǰš
˫ͻȻһϣԪΧӡһûһ㣬Ҷ˫üһᣬһ֡
ӡҶ˫Ŀǿڴ£ʼӿֻһɴСԪ֮С
ӡϾͻԪΪھſԴ
ҶȵϣЦݸӵԡ
ˣ
ɾڴʱ
ҶȵԺͻȻһ龻֣ƽʱƮ״̬һӵʵʵĻ龻֡
ô£ôҵıϢͻȻĨɱˣ
龻ֲԵ޹ʵĸ֣һδγ֣Ҷȴӻ龻֮УԼһֱϢȻͻȻʧˡ
Ϣף


1822 ʧ
ۣ
龻ֵףҶȷ񣬶ĵھſԴڲӡͻȻʧȥ˿ƣƵɢڽ磬һƴ𶯡
Ҷһ㣬һѪ
ԪΪ޴УڽըһδγشҶոҪɹĵھſԴʱΪӰ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲŲʲôھſԴǡ
ΪͻȻбϢʧ
ҶȵıϢ֮УֻӵУ
ħ纺
Ҷȶԣ磬İģҲֻ纺ơ˽磬ˣࡢ̫ʼξԼҶնɱķĩ
ͻȻʧпԳ纺ζ֮Уһˡ
ȻĽ֮УдҶȱйصˣڵķҶһЩˣɽ
磬ҶȵΪԼܸͨܵɽ硢硢ıϢ
ơ纡
˶ҶȶԣԼ˫֣޷ʧȥҶó纺ȥϢȻ߶ǧͼֱʥء
һδεķӴ󣬴ԼʮϢ
ʥء
ҶȻΪǳâ֮߳ǰϤʥأͬʱһ˶߶֮󣬳ֳħżϴ󣬳ʲôˣڱչأ
û¡Ǿǣ
ϣзӦǡ
纺ķһֱûжҶھվʥǰĸӦȫӦ纺ԼıϢǲܵģӻ纺ҶҲԸӦһЩϢ
ô£
ǿʥؽ磬Ժȫ纺ȹӰ
ʥ֮УкܴķգҪȥŪװס
򣡡
߶ͨܣ̫һΪģʥصĽ磬ҲӲ̫һںϵˡ
㻨˰ʱҶȲںϳɹƽ磬һ磬嫰ʥسǰʱʥأһԲһûжٵطУ͸һϢ
ҲЩҶȼٷ纺еĵҲʥϹŶĵ
κν磬ںϣǧͼϣ־׵ҶȲϷɹһʥǰ
С
߶ͨں硣
ˡ
ֻһΣʥص磬ɲͬЩ磬ǿ󣬸أҶȸոմ磬ںϵȻ˶
˲ϢҶüͷһѸӦǿϢ˹
Ȼˡ
ʥزʮһҶвΪʥ֮ݺᣬȻ˷֣ҶȾͲزأһɷս磬ֳһڣҶһС
˴룬ѽ֮У
ĺȻ䣬һϵӽ֮д
ΣҲҪ֪纾ʲô
ʥأǴ¼ʥصӣ½Ҳƺ󣬵ܲЩ
Ժ֮Уֻһͷ֪纺
ಣ
磬ҶȾ͸Ӧ纺ϢĵҶȴ߶ǧͼֱ纺ϢΪ꣬һ
գۼ䣬ͳһǰ磬ΪϹŶӵеĶʥҲһġ
߲ϢںϽ磬ôӦˣ
ǲϵΧ緢ŭ
򣡡
ʱҶȾͲŪǱ¶λãʥظ֣˲ȥ纺纺ʱܱĲ
ͨһοʼս𽥵ģʮҶȾͰϹŶ磬ںϳһͨС
ɲǼ䣬ڼɽ֮УҶȾ͸ܵ纺ϤϢȻǿңȻڿ֮У·纺֮ǰ
һ纺ĻԣϧһˣҶȼǰȻưܲӣȻиֶ񶴸ֵˡǿ
δȫݣȴʧˣ붴֮УҲһƬǽ壬纺Ϣ΢΢ŨһУѰһ飬ȴûм纺û
׷ʲô
ҶȺüͷΧưܵĶ纺ϢʧȻʥ磬纺Ϣʧʱ·ֱӽƴǧͼһĶռ䣬ϢŻͻȻʧ
ǷʥأҶڽʥصʱ򣬾ͻӦ纺ϢʲôûС
ƾƵġ
񡭡
纺ʧ˵ϢȴȻŨţϢϸӦʥ֮С
뵽һɳ
ոշɳǰİգȻƯһλŮӡ
ҶͣһŮӣʱΪŮû棬ɫЩ԰ףƯϢȻޡ
ǳ֣ҶջǱӦˡ
ҶȴʱĵʲôϹŶĹ˵ʥʥأΪ纺ʥصӣʵȻû˱Ҫ塣
ǴȭǰĿģףֻ֪Ϊ纻ͻȻʧںδ
Ҷȣһв񣬸Ҵʥأ񿪿ڣϹŶ߸ϵơ
ʥأ
Ҷ쳣ƽػӦһ䣺纣ʥǰûκ壬Ժ£ֻ֪֪ģ
㵹ûйͽڴ
Ȼ֮䣬ƣһٰʮת䣬ʢˣҲһƽͣ˵棺뿪֮ʱ񡭡ȫǶĿڴ
ɽ磬ǹͬģܵ׵ģǰֻҪ֪һ㣬ΣҶҪҵ纣û˿סңʥزУʮҲУǰ֪һУ
ڰ֮ǰʥһλ֮ͣһϢֶΣӸҵĶҾȻû֣
ǰ߽λʥΪ񣬿û㣡
Ҷȣã
һɫ֮һĨЦ֮󣬸ʥʲôȻ֪ô֮ϣвղ˵Ϊ纺ʮҲֹ㣬ڵʥأ㶼޷߳ȥ
ѵǰһҶȸӺ档
Ϊ޷ʱ纺ڱչ֮У纺ӵߵִ˺ҶᱻϢնɱ֮ҵ纺ⶴ֮ΪסˣȻӳȥ֪ոշɳֻһƣҵĶһн綼ˣΪұںϣҲܵش
渵Ҹոջعһһһɫ۵ˣѿס纺Ȼͷһɻͷʥʥµķ޷ֵˣһ֣ʥظֲɱһͳʧʥ֮УͽҲӴʧϢ
ˣĸ֣
纺Ȼ˴ˣ֮󣬼һңҲиĵġ
⣬֣ʧˣ·ԸǸӣǵ˳ʮޣǸŮӣȷһʵʵӣص㣬һۣ˫ü֮ϣһЩɫƬʥ˵Ϣŵ֪ˣԺǿ֣


1823 ʥ

һͷʱɻҶ벻ףΪһǿĺ
ǰ˵ģһͲӵеޣƤɫƬȻ͸ϢҲӲʥǿͨҲһ
ǰʥ⼸ʮ꣬ȥӣֻйǣ
ƽ޹ʣʥأץ纺
ӵĺҪ֮ӣ֮УҪðܴΣյģ಻̤ӣʿҲ̤½أ뿪ӣͻࡣ
Ҷȴף纺֮ǰн
˼һᣬҡҡͷ纺ʥʮм뿪ʥأһΣϴȥʥ
ʥ
ҶһܴˣʥǳֹģҺ̳纺ʥѵ𣿲Ҳɱ֣ɱ˲ٺ
ѵʥйأ
ƳҶȵı飬Ҳ뵽һ㡣

ʥء
νǰ˸Ҳţڣƫƫǿĺʥأ纺δ뿪ֻкʥпܡ
һʱ䣬ĳ˼֮С
ʱ˿̣ҶҲаԺ壬ӡԹŶǶͷǿ󣬱ȻںʥӦ纺ϣڲͬϢΪˣΪ纺ӵˣһǿĺϧգʥأ̫ǣǿˣӦûбɣ
ʲôأ
ҶԼϸй纺һ£Լʥ£ԼʮϢʱ䣬ҶͻȻһͷɽ磬ӵеǣƽһЩģǡ壬ӵԽӡҺѾ˼оɡ䲻ӡ塭壬Ԥԡ󣡡
ڻδġ
ƽʱҶס٣δƽģԴǣ֮Ҷ纺ƺǡ
ҶϿʼƽеģͻȻ˾˵ƴڡ
һ֣

֣ҶȴƵ֮УҲüʱΪͨƽ⣬ŵ֪ԭ纺ڵ
ֻһ֣ģԵʱҶΪҲ޷סɨʣµģҶȷֹںŵϢ
ԭҲλǿĺ֪ΪΣƺ롰âɱ
ȻľûйĽܡ
û뵽纾ȻԺҲᵽѵƱǺʲôˣ
ͻȻôϢҶڴ֮С
ǺڣҪǵ纺̤ʱͺúþоһǣ˵Լסģֻǿƽܡ
Ҳˣߵʱ˲磬ʲôҪȻʵԺģĶλǿȥ
ȻȻǵĴڡ
ΧֻһâǷۺǿ󣬲֮ɢޣâ˵ϴκʥǰĻǿߡпܣ纺ʥӦ纺Ϣţ
һ˼⣬ڣһ
ɴģԼһ޷֤ʵϣᵽâɱⲻòҶ뵽ۺâʵ纺ݣȫ¡
ҶԸâĸ֡
âȻд纺У
߰ɣѾǿߣҵĶȻһֱĬȴʣҶôʥصΣһ
ǰйǷۺϢ
ôʥأȻˣҶȸͲʲô
ֻȷǺĮӦ
лǰ
ҶٿȻת߶ǧͼһɳĵ
ⲻѵһû뵽Ҷٶ˾ˣһӾǰʧвеٶȣ
ʥأʲôطȥȥ
뿪ҶȣҪ߶ǧͼߣ֪ѱָӦ
ѣҶȻûòʱҪܱ¶ʥصĵӣȻ纺ʧһЩѶϢûбҪʥءʥַ
Ϊһˡ
Ҳ֪Ƿģ纺ͽܣӦòᣬʵݣ¶
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬ʮǿߣ˷лҶϤߣʥسϣط
ʶططȴʶǰİˡ
ÿߣԴҶ뿪ʥء
ಣ
ϿգֶƳҶȣıòһȻѡ˳Ĭ
ʦ㣬δ˺һ࣡
һߣ֣ʾ뿪
ʥȫʥ񣬶ҲǽʻʵֵͽʥЩˣȽʻʵǿʮʮ
ΧߣҶȾ֪ȫܴӲǽ֣ҪôǧͼԼ֮ϸͨʩչ뻯ٶȣЩ߲֪ͨȻ뿪ʥء
ʥΣҶߣӵдǧͼҴǧͼȻΪһ꣬ҶֻҪ߶꣬꣬ЩʥһҲ׷ҶȣҶȵʵ֮ǰǿˡ
룬ҶȾ˼Ʋߣʹ߶ǧͼ

ҶƾʧȻһۣȻһʥǰһ
ãٶʵھˣʩչϢرս磡
طһòȻһ£¼ˣ֣Ҷȷȥķ׷ȥ
ԭʱĴʥصˣۣˣǰƽҶȣ֮УţٶȣϢͨҶ
һֱƯڰգעĿһ󣬲ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ಣ
ʥΧ󷨣
˸ոôֲˣ
һ
ʥ֣ҶȾٶȣһ·׷֪ҶϢȫʧֻܴ߶ʥǿ
Ȼһãǧ֮գһӰҡһ£Ȼ׷ɱ

Ҷһʧʥˣһδ߶ǧͼһҶȲͣشΪľǹʥһǿߣ뷨
ңʥظӳæʱҶȾʥصϢɱԼϢ
һУɽ磬飬磬Ϊ̫ͣʩչһžֶΡ
Ҳˣӳ֣ʥأӷɳѰҶȵϢҽ粻ϼ̣ѾγһͰƾҶȳ˳򣬶ܷɳʥء
ҶȲóֻҪɽ
һЩϢʥ֮ҶȾԵ߶ɷͷ̫һʼս
ϴҪҪʱϹ
ãڷ˶Ҷȷ߶ǳħ
ӦñâץߣʥأȺúУûʵҲ޷ҵ纵ڣ
ӦһҶȾǧ֮ʣһӽͨ뿪ʥصĽ硣
Ϣƺˣ
ܣûиӦǾŽλʥҲȫ״̬£뿪磡
뿪֮ʣҶߵľ̾
ʥأ˼ˣұð
ʥظĸ֣ûз֣Ҷȵ߶ǧͼĿĵأʥء
գۼ䣬ʧں嫵֮С


1824 δǿУ۶
߶ǧͼĿĵأʥأ
ʮ
ҶȾѴʥأʥ֮⣬ıòָϢһ󣬴󷽷߶ƣ֮С
һ˲䣬ʥصǿߣѸܵعʥء
һ·ӣҶǸҶ档
˻һЩöҲסͣԺõأΪҶȰ¡
ʦܣ뿪ŵʱãʮ꣬εûи߲ἰ㣬ʦ֣һǷָҲδᵽ㣡
ڡ
ҶȻصʥأ㵤һУһʥصĶ
ڵڵ󲿷ֶҶ˵ȫûôˮƽѾ󲿷ˣѴﵽָ߶ȡ
ڵʵһܴԭ
ոսŽʧܣҪʱ侲ޣָԪɢʱشһҪָ²һɵġ
֮ҶȾ뿪˵ص֮С
ˣ
ãһ˶
һ֪ǰ˻ӴϢȥʪ¼ӦҲһ䡣
֣ζлİѱΧҲ˳һͳҴĽչٻҪֺúףһ
˻Ӵӷ֮
һжҶϣ⣬˻ҲδἰδԼĴֵܣԼǷõ
ЩҪҶΪһͣҲûбҪʸ֪Щܡ
ҶԻΪɣھԶĵطչأҪȴܻص
պ÷̳֮Уý磬ȻʼӦأؾںơ
Դһʧܣʿ˵һѡ
ģ׼ԴһʧܣȫΪӰζ𵤡ԪشҲġ
ҪٴԴҪָƣȻԪһδﵽ۷塣
Ϣ֮УҶȲϵؾɢԪʼӿҲ𽥺ת
عȻȥҶȻδﵽ˽λ۷״̬ƵǿҪָپһʱ䣬Ϳ뿪ʥأҸطŽλȻһʱ䣬ֱϲ
̤ϲʵʵı仯ʵвʮϵǿ󣬼ԦǧͼκӵӦ֡
ಣ
һƷȻֶ̳֮
Ҷۣһ𣺡Ҷʦܣϴȥʥ벻Ҫӣ
лʦ֣ӦԷܿ뿪˵
ȻФҪֹͣУȻ뵽ʲô¶纺ʧйأȥʥ͵Ϯ¼Ҳʥ֮С
ʥҶڲٵעĿ£һҶȽһ󷨣ҶȽФڵĶռ䡣
ռ䣬ֻФϷƺоʲô
ҶȽ룬кҶ£Ҳһ£´һ¶ͣҪŽλ˰ɣ
Ŭ֮Уչؼ꣬ҪһЩԳФҶȿͿĻش
Ҫʲôʥλ㣬Ҫһ£ʱ⹫뵽µ⣬йأ֪һҪ򾲣Ҫ´ȥ
ӻᱣܣ
֮ǰǵ֪ʥһŵӣҲͬһɽŮʿ纺ͻȻʥ֮Уִߣǵȸ֣ҲǺ֮£
纺
Ҷȹ𾪱顣
ʾҪ侲ֵˣɽ磬ֽĴʥأκһʲôĴʥضû뵽кǱʥأǵʥأڣ̫ˣΪҪ°纺ˣҲͬȥʥأΪ纺ǺʿĹϵȻ࣬һֱǵжԹϵȻУĴУǺ壬¼Ǻʥض
ϣ֪纺ںδʲôʥȥ磿
纺䣬޷֪ʥһֱѰңʥֳѰ䣬ڻûյκϢǺĴʥһЩϹŶǾ뿪ȥȻҲȥ֮ӡ֧ᵽ
Ŷ
һʣֻΪԲҶǣû뵽ջĺ棬ҵɴ˫ۡ
Ĵʥصڶ࣬뿪缫һȥ򡢺ȻԺ塢һ˽⡣
ФȻעᵽ֮ˣһֲĴڣǡâһ𡮶
ȻâһõĻش𣬿֮ǰķպòıϣǷۺâĸ֡
âݺΧӣС֧ͳΣֲǵϴκʥ¼ҲǵõһϢǲֺâһǵ䣬ǡҲһ
ֵ֮УǸ߸ϵףʮʵ࣬Ϳһʥ䡢ʵۣâ䣬ͿʮâĶһʵȻﵽ񣡡

񣡣
˵ҶǺͣФΪʥеĸ֣ᵽʱҲ¶Ծ⣬ʥ񣬲ʵǵĸ߶ȡ
ô˵ǱʥصĺһҶȼۺ
ֻǲ²⣬ʮ֮˾ţһΪȻʥ֮Уȥ磬Ҫ֪ʮ֮У̫٣̫٣ʥأҲָ󲿷ʥص䣬ĴڣĳЩǿ䣬һЩ֮Ҳﵽʥ²⣬ΪӦڸ߽λʵֲ˹ʮֵˣҲûж٣ӵ
Ϊ硢̫࣬ͷĺܿһۣһŮӣΧ֮УһΪ۶֣봳ʥصĺԺ
۶
â̫£ǵȽңԶâΧм۶Ǿ֮һ۶һϴκʥĻ󶴸ˣΪλ۶һΪһͳĺ֧ǵʵ඼ﵽܸߵľ磬֮ͳΪ󶴸Ϸֵū
ҶǿڴģФ渵ӵĴ˵ҲǱǿ
ҶȲ̾۶âжٶ
֪Ϊâݺ̫֧䣬Ҳܿâ룬â֮ڣȻҲĴڣ֮ΪҲﲻâֵزҶȣЩʥϣŬУǿʳ磬ֻбķݣʮǿ𣿡
ͻȻФĿ⣬Ȼ÷âޱȡ
ҶһΪФʱĿ֮Уһڲͬ⣬·ƽʱվʥһ߸ϣĳϡ
Ȼǿ󣬱ӻŶʥءš۹ٵ࡭֮£Ҷ΢΢ͷӦ


1825 Žλ
ȷФشֻס
Ҷȿ϶صʮɽķߣ磬¶Եģ֮ڣӣʦʦܣ˭ܵʮ
ҪǣʮҲ𣿡
Ҷȸ̾ΪʮʱФڵһ仰ȴ統ͷҶһˮҶݶڴ
ФʥأʱһǸģʮΪ֮һʥزòǨƳڻ𣿡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷˣ
һ磬
ʱ˿̣Фζ˵һ꣺кܶΪԭ򣬻ʧʮҲ֪ʲôʱΪʲôԭ򣬻ʧʷ֮УʧǿʵͻƽٶΪǿߣſʸػһ˵ô࣬ǺܻϸԪύķߵѣǶ֮ӣߵģȻûжˣ󲿷ֶʧȥϢˣ뵽ǰ£ҶȣΪʥأҲΪԼŬаɣߣˣݵĹ˵ĸ飬Զͬ㣬಻ȥѰ纺ֻϣʵ죬ȥ£ʲôʵӵʵȥâ
лϽ̻壡ʱҶվֱФϾ⡣
ذɣ
Ф֣͵ҶȲƵģҶʩ֮󣬰뿪˶ռ䡣
߳ʥ֮УҶһֱζФԻ뵽ȫģһ磬ӵ顣
ȻҲ𣬶ûѡʱı䣬Ҳ죬죬ǽ
ҶǰǾްԣʥءʥصȵȣǲĴڣǶ޷ʮᲢۣһеһУ˻һʧ
ģФԣδ֪ĵȴ֮УǿԼ
ص֮ҶȼԴĿ񣬵Ժ֮У纺Ӱʼջɢȥ
ڤ纡
ɵãҶԺֳһλŮӵٻӰǻںڰޱߵ֮У·ٻҶȣǵ磬һֻб硣
䣬ȥ
⣬Ҷｻʲôֱ뿪ҶȲŻ뵤
ֱ뿪ʥһξ룬ȷû˸Ӧ֮ʣŴ߶ǧͼʮ˴֮⣬һɭ֣߶󷨣׼ͻƾŽλв
뵽纺ں۶У磬ҶȻⶼڲ
ǿϵıǿҶȾźš
߶ϲ¯˵ؾó񵤣̷ԪͿҪָ۷״̬񵤣һЩӡ֮Ԫϵرڡ
һĺԪں֮оѡ
ಣ
Ԫʱӿȥ
Ԫٴᣬɾ޴˷ӿԴ
һ꣬ԪȫԪ󣬽ظӡӡ֮󣬻Ϊһӡ󷨣ҲͷųȼԪ
ʱ䲻ʧԪ֮УʱʱȵȼʱԪھ˵С߶ȣҲԽ֮ǰ˿Դ
ᣡ
Ȼۣ˫֮ͫУһɹɶǵ⣬˫һϣԪΧӡʼںϣһɴԪŷȼգʼת
ˣ
ֻʮϢԪӡʧȻΪһߴԲ״̬Ա߰˿Žһģһ
ھſԴ
ڳɹˣ
νһۣھſԴҶȲڷģȻȻһž飬Ȼϯȫ
ϸҲ飬ȫˣ״̬ҪȽ˽λʱ𺳸ˡ
飬ҶԺһ޴ͼʮŽ׷֮ӡ֧۶󶴸ΧǿĺâͬФԣûдﵽʵ̤۶ĺ򣬾ȳ纣
ŽλвʲôʱҲϲ˽סŽλʵ񡭡ǧ򱶡纣ҵʱ䣬Ҳ꣬Ҳǧ꣬һȥ㣬Ҫ̤ƽâѪϴƽк
ݺݵҧҧһֻҪ뵽纺ݺ֮У絶
ƣμƻ֮󣬾Ĵʥأգˣ޷ˣ̸ʲôˡ
˵ɣҶȴӷͿʼ򵽵ġ
ЩꡭҪͨκΰ취ǿʵһʵȥƶڵĺ棬ĸʱʵȻкܴߣЩ꣬Ҫʬ塢񵤡ǿҲôδбԴںϣҲǧͼƷʣ
ڽǻ顣
߶飬ȻԺ֮ĥмƻ
ʵ͵ðգʥأܳΪǿߡ
ɽʥ¼ҶȲв۷ΪҪΣգṳ߲̂
˼֮УһӾ͹ȥꡣ
ɣνŽλ˺üʱ䣬ҲֵãδҶҪ
ھʼ֮Уʩչ䡣
֮Ҷд߶ȥУҪΪ̫ףò˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣã֮УûǿߣԸܵ⡣
ֿܺСǲܣ׻˵ĺãһ򣬾һһֱ˼ڷʱͱǿնɱˡ
Ҳ˲һһҲ뵽ͨػ䣬еİ취һôһӡ䣬ǿ߸ӦĿܣٴν͡
һһͨ壬Ѿ֮У̫ҵ
ֻܸҶȴʱıھ֮УκпУǾ޷Ȼ֮еڵԣûҶ֮󣬾ʵǿ󣬵ڸ˵ҲֻԪб仯
ڴ֮Уʼ̫޼˻ס׿
Բ׿ΪҶȴͷţڵ⣬нơ󷨸ı䣬˾Žλ
ȻڲʼᣬҶȵַ̺̫ิӵԼӡˣв¯򡢽𵤵ȵȶҪ߶ȡ
֮Уַͨ壬񵤣Լ񵤣ӵе񵤣Ӧòˡ
ͨ巢ӳ޷ãһȻ֮Уػ䣬Ҷڶͨ壬֮иС
ҲҶȵٶȣϾãҶٶȣѳʮٱ
֮еӰûжٱ仯ҲδµӰ
ھѹȥ˼ꡣ
Ҷڹ۲ʵı仯ʶֻͻһЩҲδָӰ
ȥҶڵķòˣ־ͨ컯ȭ֮ȵȾ׵ͨ


1826 ܷ
Žλ̫޼˻δݻµͨ
컯ȭ龻֮֡ͨҲδµı仯в̫ˡϲ񡢸߲Ӧöµͨ仯֡
⼸ξõٵıʥ磬õ˽ѪѪԼڽֵõ˿ܽ𵤡ȵȱʱҪȽϲʱںϣǿܽ𵤡
ܽ𵤣ʱǿǿͨ
뵽Ҷһͷŷ𣬰ѽѪѪӣ¯֮Уһ޵ʼѪӣѿ
һ棬Ҷ׼ҪʼһǿĿܷ
ʿԣǱյͨɽ磬ҶȾնɱξһҲԷܴӰ죬ΪǴӱȥģһ𣬶ԱӰ޴
ǿܷͲһˣȫͨɣҲ
Ҳӵв׿ֵõ˿ܽ𵤣·ڤڤ֮⣬ҵõǿĿܷ
һڴ
˼Ƭ̣ƿܷ֮ǰƳһſܽ𵤣տܽ𵤣ƿܷ
պãнҼʬ壬ǵĽ𵤶õģȻ뽫ʻʵ۵Ľ𵤣޷ƣֻһЩ߲𵤡
Ȼ⼸ʬ֮УϹŶʬ壬⼸ҲһǸ߲
ӦһλȨصĹ٣ΪǺܾˣڽĵλһҲ͡
ץˣѽʬ¯ѪӣΪѪһӵѪҺģҶȸṩȻӿѪѿ
Ÿ߲𵤣ʧȥ˿ƣ󷨷Ȼʮּ̣ôһŽ𵤣ӲҶա
ܽ𵤣ƷʿĽΪںĿַںϣͬγɽ𵤲飬ڿַ֮УֱĽƣ󡢾󡭡
֮ǰһĥܽ𵤵ַҪտܽƷ뾫ͨ󷨣ҪԿ֮һ˽⣬ɹ
ҲΪΣܽʧ֮еĲԭ֮һͨ󷨣ҶȶĪڿ֮Ǵӷ翪ʼ˲׿ҲԿ֮һҲ˽⡣
ҪƳܽ𵤣ǰס
˶֪бԴпܳΪߣԹмˣ
Ǿ޽У
ǰʵڵõܽʱҲƿܷɣȴһֱû󷽵ذѿܽ͸ӣӡ֤ҵĹ۵㣡
׼֮ҶȾͰѲ׿ľܽںϣʱ߶𵤣߲ƯҶǰ
̼޷ַһӡŽ𵤣һӡΧ
ʮ꼴
ҶȻۣӡٶҲ֮У󷨣֮࣬ÿһ󷨣ҪǧǧںһſܽףҪƣ̫ס
ʱ˿̣ŽӡֹͣͻȻһתȻ֮ǰķʧԲ׿ֿγɵӡһӳ֣Ž𵤡
һ̣ҶԼƵĵһſܽ𵤣ɹˡ
̴ӽڣܽ𵤣߶ԱȣҶƵĿܽ𵤣Ķࡣ
ۿȥɵĿܽ𵤣ȥ״̬ΪˣõĽ𵤣ǲģһµĿܽ𵤣覣ҪҶȵõĽ𵤣ġ
͸һҪ㣬ǶԽ𵤵ƿأ𵤲ͬʿںϣһϽʩչͨ𵤣𵤾ͻԶʧ飬Ϊʧȥԭأ𵤾û˩סţʼ񱼡
ʿ󣬽𵤻ʿŵʱʱʱ̿Уȹ̽𵤣Ҳ顣
һЩʿ˾ͷȿʼǵ￪ʼʧΪʿ޷ͻƸߵľ磬ڸͨľ˵򡢵𵤡Ԫ޷ͻƸ߽ײ㣬ֻά֡
άҲǰ취ջᱻһա
ͬҪʱʱ̵̿άʱάͻỵӼ겻סͻ
ܽƳɹƿܷ׶ˣϧܿƵĽ𵤣ֻܴﵽ߲޷ƣĿǰֻܷ
̴߶׿
ƿܣҶȵֺϷɽ֮ʱƽ׿ܣ֪ΪҶȽ鷳
Ͻӡֻһң׿ܣƯҶǰ
һɣ沿ҶȵģİףȥֻûϢ
׿ܷĲͬҪǽ׿ڲֻ󷨣ûпܷеһУ
Ҷȿſܽ𵤣С¸֮Уڣоܿյģ͸ӵһŽ𵤰ˡ
ܷҪͬľ硣
һſԴ߶ܷԪԿܽΪ룬ͨ徭磬ȫԶУϿ֮ܽУ̺ĸ󡢾ȵȣܷͬʿһܽ𵤾ճΪԪ
˵ˣܷΨһͬûΪûھûѪûм⣬ûϸûйҲûи١
ںϿܽ𵤣ֻǵһڶֱƿܽ𵤡ܡ
ĲΪڣ徭硣
Ҳף幹죬ʩչͨᾭˣ̣ͨͨҪӴ󣬱ںϸԪ
һ꣬Ƽ򵥣ȴĽӡͣڣӵһľȥн𵤣оһ塣
ͨӦܾͨ״̬֮УԪߣγһ˳ʱѭ״̬
ϧԶǿܣû˼άҲûҲƣǴ߶𵤣ԪҲ㳹Ƴɹ
ֿʼӡѽ𵤡壬ںһ飬ܷѾ̺ʱʱ̿̿

ɲǣŽӡ֮ܽУڵܷڲԪԽΪģʼߣڲԡ
ɹˣҪܣѰһ
ȻǹͨҶȾҪÿܷﵽ£˲䣬ȫϵġ
ܿҵ񽣣ܷںϣץס񽣣ȻﵽҶȵĸ߶ȡ
Ҷ̫ˣȻͨĽ׿ܣǿ̫࣬ؼҶȥǵԼʱʱ̿գԪֱӷھ֮У޾
棬Ѿﵽ˾Žλ״̬ԪҲˣڵʵȻﵽϲ۷ĸ߶ȡ
һͨ壬Ƴһ񵤣²вУвͽࡣ
ֻһǧţǴﵽ˰˽λĸ߶ȣһǧ񵤣ΪҶȴ޷İ
ûҲѸںһ飬ӴԪ䡢ˮ¡񸮡̷Լƽ顣
ƽѾҶ˵岻ˣҲԺʹã̷кܴôĿǰΪҶߡǧͼܣˮȻֻǵ̫һ
Ԫûʲô仯Ȼǰأһ䣬Ҳǲģ¡Ҳûж仯
仯ģȻǴǧͼ


1827 ˻ʼ
֮ǰǧͼǻ²۷Ʒʡ
һҶȽŽλв񣬴ǧͼҲڴ߶ȼ£̤вƷʣҪҶȵľ磬ͱҪںµıԴ
ǿʵĹУҲҪĴѰ籾ԴǧͼƷʡ
뿪䣬ͨ䣬һͨ
ããʾ۵ף߶ǧͼһ˴ǳǰûģͷϢ˻ӴһȻӽǳء
ʱ
뵤ʮˣտҵ֮ǰ䶡п˹١
ū֪Ҷȵһ¥ȺҶȣİ﹤Ҳ֪Ҷϰ壬־³
ھˣֻзʥ뼸λæ󲿷־ˣŷ뿪֮С
ҵʮ꣬һ̻˵ɫѾʱ۳ǧ񵤣ҪԽԽˣǰ꣬ÿһֻۼٿţڼ꣬һӽһǧŵڸոտҵ˵Ҳ㿪˳
ҶóЩƵ񵤣ūȴūһЩ񵤲ϻ֮ҶȲϸϸūΪūѾλвΪٶȣҪЩ
лᣬȻҪõūǣʼרעУֻʱԵġ
ˣ㣡
ʥͻȻƿռ֮С
Ҷ΢΢Ӧ罣ﵽ߲ΪǿߣڴҶȵģֻе˻ӡ
ִŹҶʩ񣺡ү룡
Ҷȵͷ뿪
һʱ֮󣬲˻ֻǰǰԼ͸أһӵĸۡ
Ȼֻǰ˻ڻʳ֮ʱйȻڻʹ֮Уټ˷֣ԼһЩˡ
һЩϤͣеɢҶʱ׷ʩ񣬺Ƕ֪ҶȰ˻ӣɴ£Ȼٲͨ͡
ӣ
԰һȥ˻صīߣʯġ
֣
˻ӼҶȣϲִ΢ЦҶȹȥ
Ҷ˻ʩͬʱҲλӦ֮īߣʾ⣬ڰ˻ʾ£һࡣ
˻Ȳ˵֣͵ˣڽ磬Ϊ´󹦣Ҵһæ
Ӷǵõ˽ҹ˽ң֪飬¶ı飬һ̾
ʴЦȻҶȸ첲첻ˣҴԪ뾡˰취Ҫжξٱ֣ʤ飬Ѿ֣ð֮գ̽Ҫ鱨ĻʾҪ
ӽ֮һֱڴΧչУǰżȻ˵ǵ̫ӡĻӶַս֮С
֣ʱҲۼĻҳֽ̫ĻӰмƻƻ֮У뾡취ΪСƵҲòѹִ±ƻ˽ҴϢᣬʱ̻ޣɱҴ
˧֮㣬ϣǰжʱ壬һټ̫Ļӵɱ߻ûд´ȥΪţΪˣ𣡡
ɻӲھΣ֣ǳҲ֣ʵھڣԴҲǼĻճ֮
Ҷ󣬱ֵ˹ߣοһʣֻһ㲻ףĻʥص̫ϵӡɱȨ𣿡
̫ϵӣ۶ĸʥ˵Ǻ
һ̫ϵˣĸʥز
֣ʵҪ㣬֮ǰøʣʥԸʥҲԸҽڲķǼ˽£νѶϼ£ʥҽдŰ죬ҵʥ˼Ҵףܵʥرӻʥһʧȥһ̫ϵӣȴԸι̵ƿһʥ˵ʧȥһ̫ϵӣҲֵˡ
˻Ӵ֮ɫ渵ߣĸܳΪ̫ϵӣ뻹ʥأҽһ飬ĸʣҲʥ֮УһֱõգΪ̫ϵӣʥأ̫ྪ޲ĵӣ
ҶһƬȻ
벻ʥأҲӵȨֶΣ¸ڲҲǴ۸ӡ
Ҷ̾ӵ˼ʧȥһ̫ϵӣҲһ̫ϵӣԴ͵ڲ׻⣡
򵥣ұĸ硢̫ӳʥػһʽʥ˵̶֥飬Ҹʥص̫̫࣬Ҵй٣
һʥأ
ǲ˵ˣý¼ҲЩĽչȻս¡֣Ժ񣬻ͦصģΪʦ񵤷汾ʰﲻ㣬Ƹ֮󣬱ʾʹڴÿǳ֮УָĿ꣬ҴΪ룬ʮϷչȥ
ӸհԶ۷Ҷ¶һȻæʩ
ȥϢ죬ʻ˸ȥܶö˻ҶȥϢԱһŮ澣Ҷȶȥ
ʦΣ
뿪԰ҶȾ˻ʮֽƵġ
߼Ȳɣ𣺡Ӧ֮꣬ڸȻ֮УڵϢڸղţϣҲӦҲڵϢ
ҵĸۡ˻ӺܳԾ
Ծһϣڸۡж꣬Ȼ븮ۡΧȻ˺һϢǴ˵еʱƣʦȷܵͣǾŽλв񣬵ϣȻŹ֮
ӵһμʱҾѸӦںʥһҸصӦʵ˳ԾǱѲܻΪ漣Ҳҽ֣֮
ͲˣӹϵҪã㲻ܳΪѻĸҲ򲻿ɳΪˡ
лʦ㣬Ҳδһ˶ԴңҽСˣ
˻ӵԵϣԷθ
һннԶҶϢҲҲЩʲô
Ҷ֪˻ӣе뷨˻ӺҲȥһĺ֮ǡ
Ϣ죬ɫ
֮УʮͣۼС
ҶȾȻڰ˻ӱ·࣬һǿͣΪڳͣλߵ֮һ
Ŷʮȥҡһ䣬ҶȴӵͨͣһӴԽ󲿷ˣΪ˻ߵĺˡ
ϲүΪ̫ӣ
һֳԾ֮·ͣ·׼ƵģͻȻڰ˻Ӻ֪֮£ͳͳվƱһһ˻ӱʾףء
˻ӵһȻ֣ΪԷĪҪ˵⻰ȥ󱾻ʻĻӣ
ҲλߣŵүͲǫ飬ΰүΪ˧ɹֽ¶̫ӵ֮أ£ֵ͢Ƽң£
ү湦ǰү̫֮λʻĸӣʸүȼ磿
̫ү
ͷ׷׿ʼչƨ


1828 ñի
ȿֺƨΨҶһֱδκζСʵ֮ͨУ͸һ׵Ϣ
˻Ӽʾ⣬ʳ֮УֵڽҶȣҶȡ
ڳͶףһŽλв񣬺εºܣЩ߲񣬵õ˻˺
˻ҲδҶʦݣڵҶ֮ܣֻҪ֪Ҷؾˡ
ⳡ磬֮Ž

ҶȻ֮һϢһƻҸطȫϲҪġ
ͬҲõūһֽϴ̻ᣬйͨѰ籾ԴбԴʣı
֮ǰ˻ҶȻҪʲôҶҲδڣð˻ΪѰ籾ԴΪ߰˻ҲҪعʥأƺҲҪȫΪ̫ϵӡ
ʵ̤Žλֻ߲ǳϦ⣬߲Ҫһʱ䣬ѵü˻һ档
ˣոմӡñիϢ̻ˣ׼дС̻ᣬμһμᣡ
ȥ
ʱ䣬ҶȼֶͨΣԴϢ
ʱūƿռ䣬һҶȾһλϢū̻ܵǴССһ̻ᣬγɵ֯ҵã̻˾ι۹żپУ̻ᣬΪ֮ʮһʢļᣬ̻ᣬμӣǵ˼Ҫѡ̻ᣬΪ̻Ա㲻֮μеļᣡ
ȥһ̻ˣ˵Ҳμӡ
֮Ҷȵ£õūȥ£н뷨ᣬʮ̻ᶼμӣһδûᣬһΪƣҲ̻ͨᣬѰ籾Դ
籾Դһ£ǲóġ
̻ҲȻױԴҪԣͨ£Ƕѹױ׸ǿ߾ͷ̻һɽ
еʱ򣬴СС̻֮УҲΪ޴żҲǻóһЩ﹫Ȼ̫ˡ
Ҳ̻ᣬĵطô˻ƣ̻ᣬ׼ˡ
ȻǼᣬȻҲһЩ󣬻޷ʶıó˽ۡ
ҶȵĸӦμᣬǿԷһʴƣѰ
ڶ죬ū͸ϻˣ̻ͬμӣһóһϵıڼᵱ죬óĦ
һﶼóûʸμӼᡣ
Ҷ˼̽ʵȻˡ
ԵҩΪȻóı񵤡ڡ¼ѡһʧҩƳʱ˵żȻõģ˻뵽ʧ񵤣ִʦƳҲһ˻ῴʲô·
ͨøֱʵַȫҲЧҪĲٵĲ˵δļᣬٵúñϲȻμʮᣬõıǸࣿ
ʱ˼һҶȾ¼ѰѰһҵһֱ񵤣Ҫͼٵ
񵤣
һֶԪмõ񵤡
Ԫʿ֮أûн𵤣ʿֻǳΪˣͨˣ꣬ûԪ񣬾͵û꣬ţҲʬ⡣
һԪʱԪд߶Ч񵤣ʿʱԪܵشҪָԪ̫ѣ¾񵤣ڵҩԶ߶ԪʿˣԪˡ
ǵҩʿҪԣɲһĵҩǾ񵤡
֮ѡ񵤷ҪΪҶԪǿƾ񵤣ףҾҪĲϣպҲ࣬ʮ֣Ҷ䣬ӵʮֲƥԵ
ͨ壬ƿռ䣬Ҷ̽䣬Դ߶¯ʧľ񵤡
ƣҪʦҲгԪԪͨԪӡںҺΪ̥γɾ񵤡
𣡡
һΣҶȲδ߶ͨҲδ߶𣬶ڵ
ɫ𣬰ʮֲɲǣ̾ͱ֨֨ըʲϱȼգ֮󣬾ͳΪһҺ
Ԫ߶ԪΪһԪҶȣϽӡƯԪ֮У񲢲ңԶԴӡΪһӡҺ֮С
ڶҶ˵Ѿᳵ·̣ԼҺĸӦ˲Ϳɡ
һ֮һŵ̥ҺɣԪӡںϣγӡӡ
ΪƷʣҶȽͯһֵעӡ֮С
ԪҶ˫һ⾼ٿһ£̥ҡ𣬵ʧ֮һŵɫ񵤣ƯҶȵǰ
񵤣ɹˣ
ס񵤣ǿԪϢʹͷųӦһ£ԪܵٻƵģʼڣԣֻҪǿߣӦһԪ񵤡
ӿʼƣɹŹȥ꣬ҶȾͿһţ¼ϣҩƷ
䲻ľ񵤣ЧҲǴͬС죬ֻûǰǿ󣬱Ͼ񵤵ƲϣһӸҲ
µ¼Ҷͨ壬һֱоһУʵһġ
ϵж٣˵ǧǧǧݻٵĵ
Ҳһϵ֣֮¼֮УҲǧʵе̺İһģǾΪʿ
㣬ʵҲ¼裬ͨͬĲϣͬҩĵҩģ̫ϡϳȷƳĵҩҩҲǴͬС졣
ž񵤣ӴСطӱѰɣ
ž뿪䣬ѯ˵ū֮С
ת˲ţһ죬ūҶȣżİ﹤뿪ʳǷȥ
ʳǰǴǳأÿһֵǳˮһΪñի̻ſڴ˽룬һЩѰȴ֮⣬Ȼ濴֡
ūҶñիţ˳ͽ˻ñի
ñիǴ̻֮ʱ˻ӾҶἰñիȷЩʱڴΧԼʮǳأ˷ֵ꣬ģȲ̻ᣬҲȥ
󵽣
˽һλԱѯ֮󣬱Ŵһ
һʱ䣬̻عͷڣض࿴ۣ󲿷򲻴һСС
ܿ죬һˣͷǸˣЦеҶȱȭ¾ϰ壿
ǰڿ죡Ҷòʩ
ԭֵܣҲҪһһǰǻñիʱĸ֮һ汦СֵܿԻһϴ磬ͬΪ̻ͬУ˵ҲǾ֣һñիϲ̻򽻵
ˡ汦٩٩
Сܾͼˣ磬Сܵ󣬲ſ費ã㣬ҪñիȻ֮ԺʲôģСһŲֻܾҪǵҩͺã
ҶҲֳһ˵ģ汦ֵܿˡ


1829 Ժͭ
˽ӴһͱȻȻ汦⣬һ֣һþⳡ֡
汦Ȼ̻ǰΪҶһһܡ
ʱ䣬нһټ̻μӣһڴΧȥǺܿ
ܿñիĹԱ̧һų汦룬ʩҲ񣺡λͬʣνȸСȫǲʮЩ̻ᣬμᣬҲƱҪμӣΪ̻ˣƣһҼţҪģóԼõıôҼͣʱɴҹͬ飬ѡҴμļᣬͬʣҲһǰΪֻһͷ
һֺϰ֣ñիһ̻ᣬȻǿͷóҿ۽磬Щĸ
̻Ҳͬ⡣
ף⣬իһֱõһȴʮְԵ
汦ʲãһ͸ǫ飬һ͸˴һֶһαУС档
˶ʱ۾
汦Ц˫ۣһ˫С۾һɨĿ⣬㻺ؽҿУĿ֮£һԼһִָֻ߳Ѱڱ֮С
Ϣ
ʲôƷʣһû
һʱ䣬˶վź۷׷ףڳ֮У̻ϰ嶼Ǹ߲ΪͽλӶ߽࣬λ߲١
м߽λϰ壬Ҳ˰죬ǰĦûʲô
˿ʼ۷׷ף۲ݣÿ˶Լ˵ԼĿҲһۡ
ȷǿƷʣ̺һɰԵϢһԺǿֻǲ֪ںϡ߶
ҶҲһŲۣҲѧϰ飬ȻУ᲻мֵĶ
Ҳ޷ʲôȼڤڤ֮Уоһɰ֮ͷŶȻ΢ȴԼɵʱ뵽ͯϣ顣
ͯڷ֮У͸Ҷȣһ󣺡ˣˣ濴ʲôƷʣûˣūǿͷӴǼһӵ飬ԷҲӦ
飿
һˣκģ飬Ҫأ󲿷飬ͨԪƣУŻʶٲֵͨżȻ飬ӵģֻһ㣬һ㶼
ƷʲͣӦɣ
˵˵һײķ棬ҲƷԽߣӵ飬ԪԪ֮Ƴһӵ飬ʱ̫̣ܶʱγ飬ʱںʲôıԴЩƷҲӵģūһ²Ҳӵ飬ֻˣƷĿܣֻǵڸƷ඼ûģ
ԭˡ
һнҶȻ泤˼ʶȻоµġ֮ҲֻǶһ˽⡣
飬˽⡣
ӷ絽磬Լõķ֮У˷񸮣ǴǧͼԼת鶦ҲһЩķ
Ҷյķмӵģ֮٣Ȼ෨δһһȥ֪̽Ƿ顣
Ϊ飬Ͱķһһںϡ
һЩʦһƷ֮ǰȥѰһӵʶΪıԴͨͨƳɹʱҲӵʶܿͻ飬Ժ뷨ȾҪЩ
ͯ˵һ

ҶڵΪܣдǧͼԪһףʵ̫Сˡ
õʲôӵʶĵرǿԿǣϧѪѪӶûʶƾĺòϡ
˿̣ۣûһˣԵ
汦ʾҰȻֻһϲúײڲϲϡ
꣡
ףͱһ顣

˶ˡ
˼̣Եϲһײ飬һϲõ绢
ʧģϣμϣ˿֪ի׳ˣҾͲҪн˰ɣ
汦ʼкᡣ

̾һ˫ҲһУֻǱкСȭͷСıҲС
Ȼ򿪱У¶һָĹʲôĺǣ͸һڲͬϢ
Ϣ
ⲻ֪ĹǱ󲻾֮ǰռģоãֻ֪̺Ϣҿ
һץһöҶǺҪʲôʱѾҶڹ档
ֻǹ˰㹦򣬿ҶȻʼɿݻ𽥳Ϊɫ
棡
һĻĲ˶棬汦ܺ棬һͷ˾Ϣͷˡ
ǿŹǣϧôһ㣬ٴʮȷǱʦ˵෨ѵĲϣҲֵƣôһ㣬Ҳ̫ˣ
ҶȰҡҡͷǱ̫΢
һ̻ſʼóԼıѹ׵ĵ̣ϾܳΪμᣬǶԼһκܴᣬ⣬
ҡΨ󡯵ıеı
ʱһչʾӣȴסҶȵĿ⡣
ΨҶҲйƬ˽⣬ڴֻ̻ᣬԶԶȲһϵ̻ᣬȴҪۺĶࡣ
ʮ£ͷߣòҲڣһԺܾĴۣ⿪ϵıУ¶һͭ
ͭһʱͷųһɫ⣬ϢȻһɱ
ȻһԺı
ڵıɾӵģ뺣ıһ
Ϊ뺣󣬶ĽأǡǡԸܴ࣬İ
ڴ󲿷˶Χȥ۽硣
ҶζȥȺ֮УһԶ΢΢ͭ
ںıȻΪ纺ܷŹκ壬âйصĶ
޷ѹɣ˭˸ӵ˵ı
ǰ̫ʢӿڣ޷ѹǾҲҪԶ֮
ǵȻҪЩǿжǿĴڣ˵ǿѹ
ΧŹŹֵͭɫɫ̻ϰ壬ﲻţͬı飬Զ֮
ôСϵܶⶫҲȤ
֪ʲôʱ汦ҶȵߣʵҶ֪һԣֻװûиӦ
Ҷ΢ЦӶ˵ص磬¶ӡıнӴû˽˽⣬յ㾭飬ϸ磬ɿóͭ
ϵ̫ĳ˰ɣ
汦ЦҶȵĸ첲˵ΨõͭʱҲ̻֮Уһ籩ʱҾͼʶͭ
߼ۣҶһˡ
СϵǾˣҿΨ󣬵ֱҲֻһñիſ𵽼ֵΨϰ壬Ҳǰġغ롯ôͬ׮


1830 һȫ
ǲϸļǮ̫ˣҶԹһ˵Цģڵһ䡣
汦ҡҡͷǺҶ⣬ͰͭӣʱñիƷʯļ۸񣬵غ뻹ǲͬ⣡
ȷһۡ
۵ļֵҪΪֿͭʲôܿ۸ʵһ۸
Īǹϰ壬ûñիܿͭҶֹѻ
ܿĻի񲻻뾡취ȡϵ̫ῪЦˣҪΪغ룬峤нӹΨıأԸʧȥǺǣ֪ͭһʲôأ
ϸ磬ᣬֱڶı
ӴϵŰ
汦ЦЦȻʾݱ뿪Ⱥ
ˣͭʥ۷ĵϢһ񷨱ֻǸоǷ壬ʲôһ֣
ͯҶ£һͭ
𣿡
ȷǱֲǱȻһһ֣ղǹһûκ壬ˣպõõͭĲ֡
չʾıԽԽûϵ̨ıе߲񷨱óˡ
֪ȥ졣
磬ֵ󼸼ңҶ뵶ū汦£һͨУ
Сϵܣúһ󣡡
汦ҲǰҶȵѣĵҶʱдһ
л֮Ҷˣִ󲿷˵Ŀ⣬ǻɢһҲУãһ¿ŵ󣬸óʲôı
Ҷõū˺һ࣬ݲȵĿڣʮ꣬Ҳôڹ˵ĶˣǿάԵΪȻԳ۵ҩΪĿǰҪӪ²вȼ񵤣պý챸˲٣Ҳ͵һݼϣҶᱦֻһͨĵҩ㲻Ͽ£λͬʣ
˷һ˶о
ȱ˵Ҷ⸱ݣ·˴ӣҪͳô񵤣ڴ̻ʷϣδйġ
ǶҶǴ棬޷ǿ̰
ūõҶ⣬ץһСӣ̴࿪ʼݸÿһ̻ᣬССͳһٶ񵤣һʲС֣һոտŵС˵Ǹ֡
վҶôӪ֮Ȼ˶עҶϡ
Ҷģϵĺӣܵ׻˵ĺã·񵽱ˤͷҲײͷʣⲻҩΪʦӦǴδƷ񵤣ƷҲʱȷһ㣬һšǳϵ񵤣
˵֮ҶΧ˵ı飬һڴЦ˻Ȼƣȴͯһֵ񵤵ƷʣȻﵽ˸߲
ˣ
Ҷ˲˱У
ǿҵԪϢ
¶ʱһЩ߽λ߲̻ϰ壬Ҳסʱվ񵤶
汦ҲһʱΧž⣬ĵףҶòʲôı
֪
ϰ壬󲿷ֶΧⳡ棬ֱ㣬㣬Ҷ񵤣Χˮйͨ
Ǹ񵤣ֻǸӦһ£ԪܵϢǣÿ߶ԪУ
һŴﵽ˸߲ȼ񵤣ƺλ£ΧǿԪӡһԪĳ񵤣
ҲҪģҲԪ񵤣Ǳǰţٷ֮һȲϣ
ƷƷ
һţԪã޷󣡡
һ˾ʱҲ޷أ񵤴ǵ𺳣һޡ
ҶԤһĻɤţ񵤣¸ոѧϰʱ֮Уһż֮зֵģϧһкüȴΩһıЩȥҹи󣬱ϢõóֵģҲôһҿͣϣ˵Ҳ³۽磡
Ҳȥ룬һ˼ҪӾ񵤣治ģӶпܼ
죬Ҳû˵񵤵˵Ҳ˵硣廨ţȴûһ֣õϿɡ
ȻҪ
ǾѲüͬñիĺӵеļֵԶ׼ģǱ
ҶȾĽ£պþ񵤣صλ֮ϣ¿ʼƷŲ裬ˣ̾Ҷȡ
ּ˿ҶȲ򵥣ν߲ƣ߲һв񣬱ʵиǿ
Եƽ
󼸼̻ᣬ˶˼ҲûУóıȷʲô
Ȼ汦߳εвٱ˿۽磬ʶȷңԴǴģȥμģΪȻвͬȨʱӵжչʾԼȵȣ
ñիΨ󣡡
ñիΨ󣡡
񵤣˫ȻҪϵģ
ǰñիҲǱģ
·̻ʱҲ޷˽Ͼﶼóǲܵô˵棬ָ¹Ϊɡ
֮УҶñիߣ󲿷ֶ飬ӵͭΨԼ⼸̻ᣬˡ
汦ҴͨҹѡҴΪñիΨԼ̻ᶼ㲻ϵ
ȷ֮Ҷӭ˵ĿȻҶû뵽λһƥͻȻ˳ס
סҶȵĹâ޷ס
£ҶȵǾڳˣ֮ǰĺô̻ᣬССӽ쿪ʼҪסˡ
̻Ὺʼȥ뿪֮ǰ󲿷˶ҶȵллʵҶȽύó󲻼򵥣ڲǬ
ϰ壬ֻһ㲻ϵ̻ᣬôᳬǣΪ磬нǿ񵤱
ٺ٣㵹ҵ˼
Ȼ䣬ҶȵĶ뿪ñիڴϣһ
Ҷüͷһ壬û뵽һ㣬ȻǸ⣿
һм̻ᣬҲôƻš
ᣬаʱ䡭䣬кܶ·Ҫҵ󣿡
һЦ뵽һӦ԰취ڴôĶ˻ӲܲյΪ˻Ҳ˵ĺܣȥ֮ð˻Ӱɳ֣ﻢǣţ
û湦ҲĿ˻ǵĵһӣĸ̻⣿
СϵܣĪżߣЩϸڣϸҪǰ
Ҷ뿪֮ǰ͵ܵ汦룬һҶ֮ͬʹҶ䡣
Сϵܣû뵽ó̻ıϸʵ⣬ҲΪ㣬Ϊеˣ
ȣ汦ҶȱʾףأֵᣬֻмˣǼƻ֮μľеأʮشλһʥذΧ룬ΪȪɽ
Ȫɽ
ҶȵйӡʮͼϣλãҵȪɽġȪ̳ǡȪɽҲʮӴһƬɽ̳ǣǿκε۹Ĺģ


1831 ĸ
Ȫ̳ǳΪ̳ǣΪҲΪʥءš۹̳֮У̻ᡣ
һΪʮһ̳ǣóģҲ˳µ¡
뵽ҶȾʹźʵϸ磬˵ЩҲμӼ᣿
ǱȻģμᣬǹģһΣСϵܣʱ䣬Ҫ׼ãʱΨһͬǰȪ̳ǣﵽȪ̳ǣôҲҪ꣡
汦ͻȻѹΪͬУе飬һñիһֻ۱һֻۣǡ
ϸлֱ˵¸мȻ汦ʲôҲìܣҶȵ̬ȡ
̬֮汦˵ģڴϣΪһƥ˶û뵽ĺһΪ̻ᣬƻգʵϸҹϣϵĪҪ֣½󣬻в˼ǳͬҲϵǿ񵤣
ĪǻҪǿɣ
Ǻǣ˵ˣǰͬо֣˭Ҳ֪һ̻ᷢʲô漰ⷽ棬Ҳɹ֣
Ժ·ö೤˫۾ʱʱ̿Сķлϸ缰ʱѣǰæ
Ҷȼæʾм֮ġ
Ҳֻǿͬоˣۣǻ£˵ɨ˵Ļ⣬ΪԹϵѽǿ񵤣ֵϹӶĳ֪Сϵû˼񵤣
գۼ䣬汦ıͱˣ¶ͣЦݣ۾Цֻʣһ϶
Ҷȶʱҡҡͷϸ˵Цˣ񵤣ҪǳãʧȥˣμӼĴû᣿
Ҳ뵽ˣҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ǽ֮ϵܰ񵤳øһñի
һϣ˳۹أ
ĳСϵܻﲻɣҲֻ飬οͬڴҲСһˣˮڼϣ˳ټۣһñիͳټۣΣ
⵱Ȼãϸ綼˵ϣСܻ˵ʲôֻҪ񵤾ڻñի
һΪˣ
汦棬ˣֵԺñիǺϵСϵʱ԰񵤣õñիڳ٣ñիͳ٣ֵˣ
û⣬˵£һˣñիвٷֵ꣬ɷҵ籾Դ֮ıҶҲһڴӦԵúܺˬִѰұ˼
籾ԴֵԶСϵǿ񵤵ģ֮䣬ĳһɾӣϵܼȻڣϸھΪȥһңзֵ꣬καԴʶԣ
汦Уվ
ʯбԴ֮ģҲԡҶҲվ
ϵܿЦǣʯʮҲҲһ飬ʮҲûаɣ
ҡҡͷЦ汦ת뿪˷䡣
ʱ
汦Це䣬ҶȣϲüңϵܺիպҪı
ʲôջʵҶȳԾСԴʲôʱҪеƷˡ
Զһֵ꣬ǰõõһ̺ԴĲ˼ӿһǿΪĸڡ
´δ˵ȱ
Ϊ棬ǿʣ֪ĸڵģ֮٣Сϵܣĸڣʵ֮еıһִ˳ʱ˺ӵֲϣ긯ʴպڵŵҲǱԴһ֣̺֮γһıԴϢ
̫ˣʱܵ
ֵȽԶҪ°ɣСϵĵȴǣϸȥ󣡡
ĸڣֵܼ
ģ͵ƷļֵֻʣڲıԴĸʵʵڵıֵõҲĲٵĲһȣ
˵գ汦΢˫ۣžϸǱ顣
㹦һָֵܼһǧƷʯһƷʯֻʮƷʯ
ñիҪռһˣ
ǮҶΨͭһȽϣ˺üͭƷʯĸڣһ
һƷʯ
۸ñի̬ȾˣҪǰԤҶеľ񵤣񵤶ڻñիʮҪ
ҲӪʮ̻꣬ҲһЩĸڵļ۸񣬿ҪƷʯ¡
һ㣬ĸ̺ıԴбԴȽϣҪͲٵΣʮң
д˵ϸҶҲĬĬͬ⣬һʹռĴУƷʯͬһö֮У汦
汦ҶȰĵȴǣ˼̸һᣬ汦Ҷ뿪ñի
صҶȷˣΧҲһЩֵֹˣϸϸ̽ԭǸ̻ᣬߡ
ҶȷԸȥôһ˻ӴϢ
ʱ˻Ӿ˻ӦŭҶȷģ֣֮ͻΪģǱڰ
Ȼһ죬ҶȾ͸Ӧʮ֣װɸݣ֮ڣҴ󲿷ֶǸ߲ϲֻһ֡
ֹ˼죬ñիһö䡣
߶䣬滽һԲƵ֮ˣʣһ֣ȰƴЩȻһЩԴϢ
ͯϸӦԲ̣ͽλѾΪƷΨһļֵǰڻںϴǧͼ֮С
ԲҲҶȽͨ壬֮ڻ
ʱҶȶУڼв̻ǰ߶ƺûģƺЩҲóΧɱǶ֪񵤣Ǻö׬ȡٺô
ҶҲõūʱʱ̷̿ţһֱûжЩǱ̻̽ӣ·Ҳڵȴᡣ
ºҶȾӭ˹ͣ汦
ι󣬰񵤣˳㣬פ죬ֽҶһö䣬Ŵ뿪
ҶȲƿռ䣬߶䣬ץһһߴ߸ߣһˮ㣬ɫ嶼Ǿı
ĸڣ
Ӧ̺֮ıԴϢȻ̫񣬲һ֮ڣһϢϢױ۸˵Ҳһԭġ
һĸڣǧͼλλвƷʣӦûѶȡ
Ѷĸڽͨ壬ʱӦ󣺡ǻǸóȥУ̫ʱ䣬ūҲˣҪһԼ˹ܷͱˣûʶһЩ˲ţ浶ū󣡡
ҶԼҪץʱ䣬ǿʵʵҲԸ棬ū˾һ֡
˺ȡ
뵽ҶȾǿУܻ׽ãͬɽ磬ټһЩӢֻҶȻȡֱһе;΢棬Ĺľ
ꡭ֮󣬾ҪñիΨǰȪɽ꣬óϲɹ
ʱ뿪ȥУϲ
а˻б󣬲κ⣬߾ҲУֻҪЩ̻ỹô
һ֮Ҷȴҡ뿪˳ӿĽֵУͻȻʩչ֮ϢͶԷ˴


1832 ̲
ϲҶȿǴ£뿪;ʼƻѰһƧ֮أȡ֮ڣϲ
ӵʮߺʬ壬Լʻʵһʥʬ壬ͻϲȱ
ɽɽȻȽľɰɱʥԣӦȥʥÿѰҺºӵµȻڻвʥظ֣ںʥѲߣҵͨӦò⣡
ԺһĻĻ꣬ҪѰһʺ֮أС
ʥǵһѡÿȥѰҺټ˵ںʥջ
ˣ
Ҫ߶ǧͼǰʥʱȻ䣬ڣһʼʮ־ˡ
ɲʲôõԤʾ
һȾעơԼʥء˻ӵµķ֮κһ
ǣ
һԺʥصķΪ磬ץ֪ˣʱ·֮һ̲µķ
̲ϴʥأĴʥؼ֤纺Ϊµʱй棬ʱ̲ҶȽû뵽ھ˷Ӧ
̴߶̲Ϥ˻ơʥء塢λѡ١Ʒߡȡ
϶ȵԵʮ𼱣˺ѷΣ
̲Σգһʱ䣬ʥءļ塢Լʶѣȡ
̲Σգ
սҶ纺ơ̤磬߳棬ȼʱĳеɣǰ䡭ֻʣ̲
Ϊ˵·ˣĳֲϣ̲ΪҶˣָ·ˣû˻֪ʱҪԶٿͷ
ôȥ˫ûҲӲܣҶҶ̲Ȼһѡ
ʱ˾óʮͼ棬ڵĺ󷽣һɫͼ
Ʒߣ
ɹȥ߶ǧͼ󣬰Ӧò࡭ְ̲ܼ죬޷֡ҶҲ
ǧͼʼ߶Ҷƾվʧȥһδδ
Ʒߡ
ɳʵһƬӴɳĮش궼ǿϯƬɳĮΪһ˼ĽʥɽƷֻһ֮أһֱûд͵żǱس
ಣ
һӰԶմѸײڶ֮ƣ˻ƷϷʱ¶Ҷȷ糾͵ģ
ɳ˼ֻд߶̲ķԷϵҶ̳Լ飬̲ûлӦ
ѵ
龻֣
ΣҪҪʬԼİã̲Ϣչ龻֣ͨӦ𽥵ϯɳء
һʱ֮
֮УһصҶȵüģǰҵ̲Ϣڷϣ˻Űɡ
߶ǧͼ̷Ϣ

ɳ磬Ͽ磬Ȼǧͼ֮γɶײ֮ƣɼƷߵľ磬ɳжôֲҶȼٶȣôǧͼв޷ֵƷߵľ
ಣ
һɳ𿪣Ҷȴ֮߳ʣҲ߶£ֻǰɳĮ֮УȻһųǾַ뱻ɳ񣬲֪þͻᱻɳոǣùųʧ
̲ų
Ҷϴ߶Ӧ˽룬׼ȷӦ̲λãҸӿԸӦ̲Ϣ
˲ϢҶͫϲЦݣţֻϢʵ̫΢²˳٣
һҶȾ˹ų֮УַмΣͣһĽֵϷ·һڶӣӲΪɣȻ֮γɣĵĶڣʮɴС͵ؿȥһֲĸо
ȻָоҶȻȻȥ
ض磬ͿʼӦ̲׼ȷλãֵضԨڰ¶ĹΡ
̧֮ͷһž棬ʮ֮Ȼ󿴿ܣһΪĵ磬ΧɢһЩ׹ǣųǴںܶˣʿҲḯģ
һͷŸӦ𽥵ģʮֵ΢϶һ΢΢Щ١
ɹһƬ¹ҶȾͼΧսۼм߲δõʬ塣
ʬĵۣҶȸоһҲİ
Ȼʥصĵӡ
ǰߺʥصʬ壬ϲΪҶһһ룬Ҳһ
밵֮󣬷ʮǰһԲΣҲһĿռ䣬һ΢Ľ֮УŮӣţ˫þȫŽ磬ڽ棬ȻһƬ񣬴ǿҶĺ
ѹڽ֮ϣڱɣҲֻʣһ㣬ҹнַʧ
λŮӣһλʥʿһǡ̲
ԶˣԵüΪǱ˿ڻڲѪΧϣҲľʬ塣
ʦ㣬ĪҪż
̲ҶȲδ嶯ȥˣΪ֮ǰܵ˵еŵˣͨӦ˾һˣǧ׾룬д󶯾ԷӦĵ
ΪҶѸӦԷһ߲񣬻λ߲̲ϲΪǶ֡
ҶҶʦܣȻ㣡
̲̳زӣѪĲ԰ϣ⣬֮Уӳ˲š
ƺףʶˣȥȣҶȡû뵽ֻǲŹᣬֻҪϵȡ
գƫƫ벻ˣһȡ
β⣡
λʥŮӣҲҶȣ޷˵ʲô֮ͫУ¶һϣ

ϢҶԭʧ˽ϷΧһŷĶǴĸ֮ͨģҲ˵ⲻΪٿصǵңµ塣
Ҷ˵С˼̲һλŮǰֵ̫ףϾ̲ȣʱ䣬ҶȾ͸ˣٶѾǴ˳棬ֻʥ񣬻Ǹ߲߽ǿߣٶȡ
óһ߶֮ʼСնһʱ䣬ͷŵʼö٣̲λŮӣʱ˼Цݡ
ʱ֮ವһĶ룬ϷأҲδж
ˣ
˲ʧ̲ԱŮӣһؿҪεҶ̴߶һסˣó񵤣һһŷ¡
߶ڿ΢Ԫ˱
Ů֮һԪľˣ̫أѪ࣬ԪָŮȱġ
ʱʧãŮˣѪǻָĺܻһ̫أһҶȵ񵤣ֻвȼŮϲҩЧﲻ˵
ҶһԪŮ˾΢΢۾Ⱦһ¶ãȻɫ·оһжλãƺˣֻţȻ֮С
̫ʵ
ֱԪʵӿǱŮɫһۣתҶʱһò֪˵ʲôã˸м֮飬ϾҶȣǾֻһʱ֣΢ǡ
Ҷһ׵λʦ㣬ĪҪڣһϢ̫أϿָһ˵ʱʱܸ̿ӦĶһ֣Ǿ鷳ˣ


1833 Ϣ
̲΢΢ͷãʦʦܡ
ҶŮ͵ɣóһ񵤣Ƿ£ʵʲôͷӦþǴˣʥصµĶְɣ
ˡΪӣǲ֪ΪǷֹųʱһɳϮǴŶһ٣ԱλŮҧ񴽣Щε˵
̲ΪҶȽܵʦܣλʥصʦ㣬ϴΣʥؼ󲻾ãʦ˾ƷϾƷ߲ɽǰ£աû뵽֮󣬻ᷢųǣδϵ֮գ
ӣΪӦúɣʦʩȻʵ
λ߲Ƕ֣Щʦ֡ʦδԿˣڡǻǾ뿪Ǵۻǣʦ㿴Ǿδ
ɱôʥصĵӣߣܷŹǣ
ʦ˼ǣ
ΪǱػи֣ˣɱ߳ƷߣʥصľԮ֪ʲôʱԸ׷ɱȶ֣
üıʦ㣬ã
Ҳͬ
ʦҶȵ飬ʵ𾪺һᣬƺ벻Ҷв񣬻侲ͷԣԼӦ԰취
ʦܻͷŶӣλʦ߶ĪҪкˣֶʱͷųҲ޷ֻܱǶһˣɱҲʱһʥԮӾͳСɫϸƻץסʱָϢӦһʱ᲻
Ҷ˵Ը취̲ʦ㣬ҶȾΪˣ˶İ취ԸѶȲ
ŮʼָҶȾͶ̲ʦ㣬ĪҪʦ㣬ᵽʦ̫飬ʦܸҲˣʦҲڸ
ʦܷģݣֻ΢΢һ£壬йأ䣬̲ƳһԱߵʦ㡣
ô£ҶȺʵ
ǸƷߣֹųʱɳ˷֣˶ڣǼ˲Ƕ֣Ӱ·ɱǻΣ֣Ϊʿйˣ÷ͬţҲҪн䱸֮ģοôһ֪ĸ֣ʦȴȴƫƫӣ˺øУվǷղŸһضѰ
ʦ׶飿
ʦܣ㣬ܹʦ㣬ֻӡ
˵̲غͣƬ̣·ʲô˵ƵģʵӢһʮӣǸ߲񣬴˴·涼̫ŮΪ飡
ʦأҶȺܺ棬ͬʱҲףΪʥأףһ˼Ƕ֮С
֪̲һʱҶͻȻôðԥһ᣺ֻǶӺͬ
ԭмƣ
̲棬ҶȺΣѿڶ
һҸطȥһǰ
ǲǷһбҶȲ˻⣬Ρ
һ·ط٣ҲһЩ֣Уһ̽ŷңͨһʱŵ֪֮չųˣһ챦Ѱһأǲ߶˻أһѹֻ󷨣ʣ¼ˣ˳ȥҲһʱ׷ȥܡûӳӵɱ֣
ҽʱⲻԶȷ˼Ժʥءʥصĵӣ๼ȣ󱲣˲Ϊϧ
ˣ
Ӧðɣӵ·һ
ʵҲǣ֮ʱҲӶ֣߲񣬲ϲܶԸģ
Ƕ֣ٿ֣ӣҲлᣬǾȳһͬԿӡЩˣָõӣһԴǿ뿪ûлססģڽȥӦ˶
Ҷоĵ̲ܾɥҲʧǶԼʧǶԺʥأЩƽ˵ͬʧ
ͷżͬν塣
ҶȽڲ࣬һȿŵİţӦӵĺ߶Ԫ򰵵ͷ
λ߲ƴʵƴƴֶΣҲҵĶ֣ûпܣɱֻѰˣ
ǰҶȾͺӵĲࡣ
ƽֵĻһУҶȾͻϣԷλ߲ǵͽλ߲ҶȻסһаʽ
ƾֶͨΣԶԶ޷Ҷȱȼ磬񶼿նɱһλֻ߲Ѷϵˡ
ûаգҶھȳŮ֮ʱѴ߶̷Ů뿪Ǹ߲ҲĪ
ûõһò
һˬȻǰ
Ҷϴ߶ǧͼԼʧڰ֮УȻ󷽷طɳͷһķմ֮С
룬Ưһϵ󷨣֮⣬һӣʮ£㷢磬Ȼӵһٷ硢桢Ӣ˲òơ
ֻûκεĶţӽŤ¶ɱ֮ڣƯŵһƺİ󴲣ϻһŮӣŮһͷڣ͸Ÿ߹֮
ȻŮûʲôϢһˣ֪ΪΣȥһ㣬ֻû沿ݹǡ
ӵǸ̬ȥ֪ŮʬȻ¶ЦݡҶ磬ҲǰһС
ΧȻһĹѨϵĹųǲ࣬ǴϵŮʬпܾǹųǵˡ
ӱŮʬãżⲻʧһЦ˻ô鷳һԪȥ绹˼̣Һĥ˲٣ҵΪҪϼ꣬п磬Ϣֱųǣڶ汦֮һ
ϢҶ֪ʲôӺ棬ƺͶųǣʮ˽⡣
·֣ʥصӣһжżȻ
Ϸӣֻ˾룬߲ȻܲвϢֻ˵ǧͼĲ
ҶĿϢ֮ϣʱܵһϢƺǵͽλʥ񷨱
޷϶ҶͯϿ
ˣһΪʥһλҪﵽλʥ񷨱֮УȻֻǵͽ׷Ʒʻ㲻һ
ͯϾ͵ϢƷʡ
֮УҶһֱڸϢԽԽǼıϢ͸ź̹ǵϢȻӵһϢĪӵһԪã
вΪͿԸӦʥ񷨱̺ϢӦһеϹʱڱȽ϶࣬ʱķԷΪеķҲص㣬ڣЩǿߣҲȽע෨ҲӦԽԽ
У
Ҫͻϲⲻţ͸Ҷȵһ
ȻǸ͵ķÿ˶ãҶȣǸպð˳ͻϲˣҶȵзʽòָԷǸӸ߽׵ı
뵽Щ˷ǳʺС
ǵūʮˡ


1834 ɳͷĿԬ
ūҪǲҶӵиֶΣȻٶȶԽͨˣҶУǲˣպϢ԰С
̲ʦ㣬ܻʲôҲ˽⡭
Ȼ䣬ҶԺһְ취
ܰװ״һ
ǰӣֲ࡭ԣҶȴɱ˴ˣϢȻ취Ů뿪ǡ
ӣ˭֪ȥȻҲˡ
һУҶвû˿
£ԼҶ֮
ʥʥأȷǾްԣĳǲ𣬴ˣǡӡǲ𣬶ʲôӣ
ʱҶһĻˡ
ȻûпӣȻ֮
ͻȻӡòͻȻһª̣˺һײеˣ˻Ƶģ֮ǰӣ֮һǸ󡣬һܡ
ǴˣԷǸ߽λ߲ҪʵòҪ˷Ѿ˵ĸӦ
ССҶǰʲôֻССʩչߣһλ߲Ϊ̫࣬ҶȻ޷׿һϲ񣬵һ۾ӲҶȵ˫ۡ
ʥأǿҲϲҲȻӵݡ
ʲôӣģγɵɱһ׼пҲһɳˣһתҶȾͺˣǰˣԹųǺ˽⣬Ҳء
Ľ硭ȥü칦򣬲ƿ磬Ůģܶʥط˾ԮӦûСȥҾ鷳ˣ
һ˶⣬ʼͣƲϱ߶Խˡ
ڴʱĺ󷽡
һг֣һ⣬ıȥ
ͣ
һ𣬲ŵؿǰһ⣬ŴһʱоذƵġ
ʱԪ־ָʶȻתͫͻȻŴ󣬿˾һĻ
ǰһͨϣȻһģһˣо˫ͫԾ˵ٶȣΧǰְסļ
ŷӦϮ̴߶߲ˣҲȻԷһ
ˣǧͼ
Ҷͬʱ¶Цݣ˸߲ոͷţͱǳâ֮УȻҶʧʣһش
ǧͼ֮У

ôͻȻҹһǳ磬ίʵţ
Ҷֳһָٿһһǳ磬̾Ͱѹƾη޼£֮࣬ǰܵشһϢͲ֮һ
ĺܣ׳Ϊϡ
㡢㡭ʲôʮڷʲôһʱŵǲ
ҶȵһЦˣ߶֣Ҳɱ˲ˣ֪ҲᱻɱҿԸһ·ղžҪС
һеıģʲôҪ˶ˣֵطֻбһΪ
ϢҪˣ֮ǰ˵еڶرǹųıһأ
ųǴ˵УֻеڶҲһֱѰУĿǰòҵϢǿʥȼķ
ǰϷòһô֪ڶڣ֮ǰ飬أǱõǾ͹ˣСҪǱҪأ
˵ˣҲܷŹҰɣ
ʱ¶˾мı顣
㵹ǿ͸Ǵ㲻Ź㣬Ǹ˷ϣҿԸһ·Ժ󣬾ҪΪãΪǿߣڿѡóߣҪôŲţ㲻˵ҲкܴգҵĵҵйصκϢ
һ־Ҷȴ쳣ƽɱףҪҲףϣ԰ѺܶףΪס
һ˳Ĭ
Ҳ˾񣺡ã˵
Ҷϵ˻ѡԹһ仰ţ޵£γס
˭ѪŬУ
ҶʵʵʲôСɣλ߲Щʥ֮УǺĵӵĴڣ
һ֮ʧƷڣһɳ˵죬˳ơԬϴ󡯣ұԬһûĴԱ֮һһǿ׷ɱɢˣʵӦöˣҵʱҲ׷⽴ȲѣǰƷߣ֯һɳˣǱڻƷߣΧһЩɱԽ£
ԭҲйµˡǰãͻӣӴʥصĵӣҶһ͸оԬûƭˣ˵ĺƽûдųޣǶһʧӵеľ
ǻӡǰòֻǴα׷ɱָ֮󣬱ݣˣԭǿԻָòģûбҪƷߣоûָҲûϣһжҶҪˣ
һʲô̱Ҷת⡣
⡮ƹŹŮˣҲϢŮʬǰųʱڻɳֵġɳ顯ǻɳ磬꣬γɵıԴϵԴ
бԴ
˭֪ҶͼԬǰҲδأ̤̾Ьٴȫѹ뾡취бԴû뵽Ʒߣɳ飡
Ҷȵĵ⣬ԬʧҲ͸һ˿⡣
Ҷ⸱˱˻ԵģҶȿΪɹõˣҪʹ֮ϡ
ಣ
ҶٿȻԬһ㣬ϵǳӡʧȻһԪӡҲһԬüġ
ȥɣ
΢΢һЦһǳâ˸˲Ϣ˾ͳڽһԡ
ԬҶ֮֮ͨУֲ³˸ˡ
ɳںδҶȿԬ
Ԭش𣺡ҵϳ֮УɳĮߣʱҲᱻǿסɳǲϵģ
ܺãȥѴΧıˣ罻ңӻ֣Ԭȥռ
ߺܲףѿҶȵΪһвܺµĽ磿ʣµδﵽ񣬵ҲвԺġ
򣡡
һɫ㣬̰磬ҶſƣУӴĽȫҶġ
һĻҲһֱעҶȶԬʱ˿̣֪СҶȣȻв񣬵ֶͨΣѾԽ
ԬãҶȸв񣬼пǿ߹Ϊֻǿߵķ
һвô޷͵ͨ
ҡҡͷԬ𽥶˷ͷҶȶԿûκΰա
ಣ
ϵرҶģĲҶ֮һֿתΪ󲿷ֶǸַҲͻʧ
Ű֮

ͻȻʧɫ㣬ҲҶģϢٵҶǰ
һһľŮ
ʺգòˣȴѳΪȥ
꣡
ոһ̾ҲԬ߹ʱͻȻϢϵŮʬָ䣬沿ʼΪ촷ۡ
գ۹ƻһˣȫΪ˳Ƕδһ㡣
˵ϢӵפݵЧȻʧȥϢıŮʣʧȥΪ˳Ԭһ̾


1835 Դɳ
Ӣۼˣֻء
һĻǰݡ
һĻĻΪҶȻǵһμɵҲǾþ꣬̾Ϣ޳
ֻһΣŵʱԹ޻ڣա
ŮʬĺģӴԺϣֻ˭ǵã֪ϡ
ϢҶȶٿԬʹζңԿԺˣȴȥʥصӣͱҾȳ
⡭
ԬһʵΪ̲ʦ㣬ڻ£ȻҶȸˡ
ͬʱҲҶȾȻʥйأ˵ʥصӣԸǺһ
ಣ
߶֮ǧͼδ߶ҶȴԬһɳ˰Ұգ·ӻڻָ֮С
һ֮С
ʱ˿̣ԬףΪᱻҶƷȥ磬Ϣͨ˭ҶƷ
񵤣Ϲʱڵ񵤣ָ޷ãţ㹻ָȻϳһἰʱ㣬ҵԪϢκεطҶԸӦĵ;Сģ˵п;ʥص֧Ԯ
һҶƾʧȥ
Ԭ񵤣ʮֻҶ˵ĻҪһ㣬񵤣Ϲ񵤣ǾǾֵǣϢļֵҲֲſϹ񵤡
żɻԬطڡ
ҶǱңȻӰ̲߳ʦ㾪һ亹Ҷȣӣĩվ͵ˡ
λʦ㣬ӣƽһĽ磬ټƽɹ޷ڿ͵͵뿪Ȼȥȴ֧ԮնɱˣдҶȵԼµĽ顣
ŮȻûа⣬޲ϳ뿪
Ҫ֮Уǵȸֽ֣һǴƣЩ뿪âȷѡ
Ҷȴ߶̷Ůطң֮ǰ̴߶֮ǰĿ¶Ҷסˡ
û·
ҶҲץסᣬ߶̷ٷɳٶȿ̲ʦ㣬λһ㲻ʵ
ڶҶ֮ǰһҲû˿ɣٶȣȷǿ߲񿹺⡣
ɳųǣɳĮɳҪѹųǸǣ֮УҶȴŮƷ߱Ե
УҶ۵ùǺһ˵û⣬ڿǴˣƣ̬ɲװ
ɳƷߣŮδβ׷ɱңһƬɭ֣ء
ѴӷӦʮλͬţܵƷߣŮɫ͸ŷۣʦ㿴Ҷȣл⡣
ҶȵȻˣλʦͲڴ˵ػָʲôӣӾԴӶ֮ͻҲڻƷҵǵϢʦڴ˰дһʱ䣬ȷûʲôΣգʦҲȥ
ŮһҶ˼ΪҶϾҪȥһ仰дʯ
̲ҶȴʦܣôҪߣ
ϣʱͨԽϲԡ
ˣ纺ʦõ£ѴˣǱǸΪǵ·ˣû뵽֮Уһˡ
֮£˭Ҳףʦûκιϵûʦ㣬ʦָ֣ǽĴʥأںУ
ʦҪЩ޳ʦ֣·һֱҵǰ̲ͨϴʥأѿҶ纺֮䣬ŷǱѰĹϵ
ô˻ᣬҶȡ
ҶֺȻվһԣΪŮݻӦλƷ¼ʦܲ뱻̫֪ߺ󣬻ϣʦʦͨͨ
˶֮ӡ¼̲Ҳᵽɽ磬ߵʵֶΡ
ȻҶΪҪ󣬵ǻᰴҶȵ˼ȥ
̲֮ʦͬʱӦʥصľԮҪҪҶʱȴҶȲ֪ʲôʱʧȥ
Ʒһ棬Լʮ⣬һƬͷɽ
ȻƷһξ룬ҲȻƮһЩɳ
һƬʯ᾵ֺУһЩȻĶѨ飬γĶߡ
һǳȦֶҶȳʮǰʱշɹɷɳˣһƤڣǻصһѨڡ
ɳ٣ˣ̫٣ֻ߲мˡ
߶ԪգҶȾͷĶѨ붴Ѩھɳ˰ţҶȴ󷽷룬ǰһȻƽһƼ̨ʮΡ

ڲ࣬һӰԬ
ҶæʩҲҶĵ̣Ȼûһ˿ԸӦֱð麹
ֻǼ죬ԬȻָԵͣɱݺᡣ
Ҷȴͨһ磬һʯңҲнƽԬΪɳͷĿϢĵط
ԬСóһö䣬Ա£СݸҶȡ
ͷͼռ֮У֮УȻһƬߴľӨɳһɰͬƬɳʱʱγһţʱɢһſɰﵽ˾״һ͸
ȻǺñɳ飬бԴ֮УϵԴһ࡭ɳӵеıԴϢǿʢȣȻ𾫣ܶ൵Σȴ̫ࡣ
𾫣ǴĻϵԴ̫ɳ飬ϵԴеһ࣬ɳһƣһʶ
һɳֻںԴ֮УΪԴһ֡
ǰãҶȻͯϣѰʶ˭룬ô͵õһɳ顣
׼ƷǧͼѾãдԪ䡢ˮ񸮡¡̷Լ
ǧͼδպãٶһûжҪΪ
ɳںϳΪԴѣټϣպõõɳ飬֪γɺεȵı仯
ԬҲȥҲһӳΪɳ˰ɣպô䣬ҶȰѻԬϡ
Ԭһ¶Σ˵ɳ˿ΪΪ
ҪΪΪȫԳȫ㣬һʥصĵӣʥظһר۵ҩ̻ᣬһֱҶѰһˣΪҹ̻ᣬȻΪΪʺ㣬ʱ䣬СС̻ᣬڿҵУõһϹ񵤣ȥ֮Щˣɱ͸ɱ㣬ֻҪӰͺã
̻᣿ʥأ
µһʥأʥأҺģһĵӣΪ˼̫ϵӣ
̫ϵӣ
£Ԭסˣʥأ˭֪Եһʥص̫ϵӣǶĹϵ
֪Ҷȵһˣ侲һ⣺ҿɷһɳˣЩˣһѺ֣
ҶȵͷνֻҪ̫߻ӾͺãϾ̻ᣬݲ̫ҪҲֻڱУɣѡʮˣΪνһҪʮˣҶҪֲԪӡ
˼̫ˡ
ʮ˶ҪֲԪӡԬһ£һֱҪܵƣʵҲòȥ
Ȼ£ܱҶһˡ
Ԭ뿪ʯңʼжҶɳ飬ԽԽϣͻϲںΪԴ


1836 ϲ
֮
Ԭټʮɳˣڶ֮Уһɳˣ֪ᷢʲô¡
ಣ
ͻȻ䣬һӰϷһɿµֻУΪ磬֮ƣȻʮˣѹС
ԬûκηӦ쳣ƽҶһ֮в£˲͸ƷҵֲԪӡ
ʮɳ˭޷Ҷȵ֮У󲿷ֶϲ񣬸ֻ߲мˣǵͽλϧں޷֮£ҶȵĴͨѹƾкεֶΣ޷
ҶӴԪ󣬸ȥ˸оҶȵӰȻأԪǺǿ
ҶȼֽԬǧ񵤣˴񵤣Ԭס֮󣬶ֵԶԶϢ·Ҳ³Ҷһʦǲס
ҶһԪӡǣй񵤵ķвľ飬ҪԬҲΪһʦ
ܰ˻һЩʮɳˣϿʼҲָӡӡò
ɳһװ֮󣬻͸ɱԬ뿪֮ҶҲūǷȥЩ꣬ԬϤ񣬽֮Ƿſȥ
Ҳ˻ƼԬ˵ԼѣҲһλʦʱ˶ҪȥѰҲϣԼʱҲ
˻ƺڱչأһֱûлӦ
ɳʯ֣Ҷȼǰطȥ֮󣬷һƽû޵ɭ֡
ɭӦһΧȷûΣԼʿڣ㿪ʼþһ˵Ĳ¯ȼա
룬ץռĽҸʬ壬ֻʣ¼ˡ뽫ʻʵۣ˵ʬ壬ӡ̫ӣȫ¯֮У֮ͨУմǧͼ
ǧͼں˶ĸԼһƱԴ֮Ʒĸ߶ȣҶȵԤϣѴһλĽλв񣬾ҶȻһ룬ǴǧͼѾ֮ǰ
Ϊ˽Ҷִ߶ܷǱڼɭ֮УԷʲô紵ݶ
һ׼ҶȲſʼӲ¯֮УմҲɵ֮һٿţ磬ľʵ˾ˣӡֲ֮ϵ
ԪѴﵽ˾Žλ״̬ҿʼŽλԲ뵽ҶֻϢں֮󣬱Ϣ֮ϡ
ЧһԪԪԶᣬǱȲҶԼЧеūˣЧˡ
ūǣ˳Ѵ֮ںΪƶһЩ񵤡񵤣һЩռǡ
ʱ䲻ȥĲڻ֪纺ʲôһдʦξ䣬ҲҪŪ
ūǿҰκη涼õ
¯ȼգʬյؾ¯֮е̫һںϣ̫һ
Ԫϵ׳ڼѹȥһʱ䣬յ˻ӴûʲôҶȫȨ
ԬҲϵ󣬶Ȼ˰Ǳ룬Щ˴󲿷޻أڰ˻ĸ֮£ڵūϣ鲻ܾô˽ᣬЩ̻ᶨȻġ
Ԭ֣λ߲ڴ֮ڣ̻֮Уһĸ֣Щ̻һġ
ˣϾҪ̤ϲʱǰҪΪԴıúоһ£ǰʼ÷𣬾ʣ
֮УҶʱʱһЩʣͯϹͨͯҲʱΪҶָ㣬Ҷܴ
ԴʿɹӵߣȴǺܶࡣ
֮ܵҶȾץס˽ѪѪӡ
ͯҶ˼֮ʣԼĿˣѪƺѿϢԶɳΪһѪţֻںһţţ뾡취ֲѪҺǣΪѪֿԳѪӣϣӵиĽѪȻûٰȥһЩܣƷ
ҪһӰѪӶںϣȷ˷ˣȥǸã
Ҷ̰Ѫӣ䣬һޣѪҺȫһ¯ѪӷУѪҺ֮У߶ַȼѪӡ
ȥѪӿںܶʱ䣬׳ѿȥ
еѪӣҶʼѪУȻʱ뵤֮Уͷһɷȼš
ץ
ҶûаգΪԴĴڣȻѵõĴڣɹҲգȻǾƿء
ں̫һ֮УȻҶϣȻǲã֮Уһ
ȻͲܣ̫һںϡ
Ǽں̫һ֮УҶҲ֣ϢҲ˵ҶȿԽ̫һ𣬵ȻܣںڣںԴ֮С
ˣҪҵ̸ס
ͯһԣһֱ֤ʱʱ̶̿Ҷڱ仯ˣֻܰΪ޷ںԴ˿ƿŲ𣡡
ţԺΪһֹ
ȲѣֻգȻó
Ȳϻ𾫡̫ɳ飬ֻںδγָͬӸ߼״̬
ںϣĳϣֵȴ˻𾫡
ֻҪʿں˵Ȼջۣǿ׳ȻҲﵽоָ߶ȡ
ó֮ǰԬõɳ飡
ˣ㾹Ȼõ΢ʶбͯϼɳ飬ǷһӶ᲻١
ˣ˵ɳ飿ǶںΪԴںϣ
ˣū˼룬һӾ͵ɳõںϰ취ںϣ
Ŷ
ҲӵϵɳȻںϣں֮Ҳں԰ɳ飬Ϊ壬ʶϳɳֱ죬Ϊȫʶ֮ˣ͵ӵ壡ͯϼ˵޷ļˣ㲻˵Ҳʵںɳ̫һںκҪɳ壬Ҳǲܣ
ҶҲ⣬һͷֿõıֻˣΪ룬ԺбԴҲͼ򵥶ˣ壿
ɳڻܵͼӲγʶãɢȥں׳٣ȻԴںϣΪʶȻͼպͨбΪū壬ԿбԴ˼ϣƿΪǰ޹ˡߵߣ
ԭˣҲ˵ɳͳΪؼҪҪ
ǰˣѵôõõ֮еһ΢ʶֻҪúͬһӤɳΪĳˣ
̫ˣھͰɳǰںϣȻ̤ϲ񣬵һԴʱںУ


1837 ںϱԴ
ͯ󣬵ͷ
ҶȰͲסǿ뵽ߣͳڴȫҲʹʱʱ̿ڱڡ
ɳƺܵвɢģͻȻͺ£һѳҶȵƿء
Ҷȼ̴߶̫һɳ飬֪ɳ̫һ𽥰Ҷѹ̫һĲϢ
⵹ҶԵЩ⣬ְѴӽ̫ڰץ
ںϽ̫ӽ֮УҶȾͲӡֱӾͰɳ飬֮УȻע̫һѽ֮УԽ̫ӵϢȫĨɱ̲
ˣ
֮УɳܵʼѰڣʶ
һеʼɳΧɳɢһſžӨɳϢ
ϱɳգٶȺҶֳ𣬼ӿɳٶȣҲ̫һ
һɳ鲻Ҳ̫һӴ֮ҲӵҶȵҶںΪԴںϣӵס
ʱ䣬ֹȥһ꣬ʱ䣬ֻʣһ롣
һԪڼ䲻ԪôѾﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣҶȰѽ뵤֮УɳʼսϹŶ
һﵽܸΪǿߣǰ˽λΪʥأǶ̫ϵ֮еٮٮߣһȻҲʥУܲɷ֡
ҵĸ֣˳ΪʥصӣһģҲһЩʳڵĸ֣һˣ޵İ˽λΪڵ۹֮УѾûе֡
ˣʵ֪뽫ʻʵϣûʥصһ
ʥ£һ塱ֱӹϵ
Ҳֻ̫ϵӣʸ˸ţõʥأҲľ塣
һȻȻ̫޷ᲢۣĿǰ׶ΣҶȵΪ廹ǸǿģͨʥγɵжԹϵǿþ壬ռܴˣ
췣ۣ֮Ҳ֮ʥҲΪҶȺţڼڣΪʥȽȽţΪ֮һ˵硢ҲɹΪʥش
ʱ췣ۣ֮޷ʥ棬˾壬ԸЩֱּ֪
ʱְѾ߳磬֣췣ۣ֮ߣʮûʲô֣׷Ž

ʼս̫ͨһڵϢû⣬Ϣ
һѰңڣû
Ҳ˵ǣûеõʥ洫
ʻʵۡ
ģץʻʵۣһλʥҶʩչɷһ棬ʼ

Ӧ˰죬޾Ϣǡȴܵ˵Ϣ
һ֪꣬ȻǿʢȴҲںıԴ֮УԺ
ջؽʻʵʬ壬ս
֮Ԫﵽ۷壬Ҳʣһ룬¯¯Զȼա
ۣʼȫԪ
ԪͬڣҶȵĽ֮УſԴ
ſԴʼ໥תΪѭ״̬ʼҶȫ㼯ԪԪſԴգÿһԴʼһɱըơ
ҶȲżþŴԴȫԪһɶǽһȥſԴʼƯ
ϿʼӡſԴ
һ޴УžŴԴӡںԴ֮ÿһԴʼͷӡҶȿͷųӡʼںϣÿһԴʼԶתըϢԽԽǿҡ
ͨӡվŴԴӡһӡУھſԴΧγɼ̵ӡ

һſԴͻأ俪ʼըÿһűըʱضɽҡƣҶȼ̽𵤡
ֱſԴȫըҶȽӡʼںһ𣬳ΪһԲε塣
ʼȼգ֮УʿʼҶȴ߶ӡʧЩʣҶ֮ǰŽλ׶Σеĵͼʡ
ӡʼںϣ忪ʼС֨֨ȼҶҲͬʱʼղ¯ӴԼ¯֮ؾ
ʼӿ𵤡֮С
ҶȲ˿һδӡӡӳ壬ճΪһߴС
ͯϼˣھںϸԴʱں֮ϲһԴҲ͵Ҫžϴ񣬽һٵֱԴؽںϣ
õѣҶϼӡٶȣһɣԴ͵ˣںϸֱЧͱȲϴ˿ֻ̣еȴһΣ߲ںϸ
ˣ
ɳĽ𵤣ԼһѪӣҶǰ
һɴڣ磬ҶסСȰѽѪѪӣԴ֮УҴ߶ѪһںС
Դ磬ҶȿʼӡԴպģʮ׿ƣ׷ӿѪ֮УѪӱҶȵѪʱأһʳҶȵѪ
һѪӿһѪ
ѪԴںϣѪ֮УʢѪҶŲϢϵҶѪԴںϣѪҲո
ɳ飡
Ǵһ𵤾ͷԴ֮С
߶𵤿ʼԴӽ֮УҲӿһЩ΢Ϣ˫ʼںϣΪҶȵԴ֮Уص̫һɳϢʮ˳ؿʼںϡ
ˣūδ˵ں˵һҲûų⣬ԴȫҲڽԴһУֻ˵Լ壬
𣿡
ͣӵ̫һ²ūҲˣ˵ʲôԽӵ̫һӵʣԲ򵥾Ͱںϣ
ˣʲôʣһƽУ۵ƽˣֻͨŬҲн졭
ܵͯһ󾪺·ҲҶȣһ
ҶȷһУҲ޷֪ԼϣʲôܣڣԼҲ޷͵ĵط
䣬ôõĵõܣܵõ䣬ȻҲ˲ʢߡ
֮УûһˣںϾ䣬˶õ޴С
һڵ֮Уõ˺ڰĴУӸо˼飬ѵһԷ磬ڵķˣԵõڰĴУΪεôǿߣǸ׻һƬصѵûиߵĿԣ
õ޴УҶҲϿɣȻ
ڵݣõ˺ڰĴУеǣǿˣϾڵڰôͰѵĴУһڵˣ
ϸһ룬Խ͡
ͺñȴʵ۲Լĵλ˻ӣԼһӡҵһյߡ

Ȼϳ


1838 ϲ
ϣʲô׵ܡ
ܵõô
̫޼˻סʮ٣ٵһʣÿһ֣ء
ȻУҲҶԼǿ־ޣֲϵ
һ룬Ϊ˵ѣ޷洢޷Уԣһͷ򹦡
Ϊʧܹйʹľӵг־һδοޣŤˡ
ǣԼܰһУ˵ùȥ
жˣԼŬջһ޳ɣ޷ıˣΪ˵ʧߡ
ˣʮ٣ͨĽ֮УʵѾ̺ľϵԴ˵ʮںκε
ĺȻ䣬뵽һ˼汦ʮ٣
ͨĽΪҶȲӵ̫һʮٵΪں̫⡢޼˻׵ıԴâڰںϣʮйϵ
뵽Ҷȼ̴߶ӡʮһ̴̺ԼɳĽ֮С
Ҷ̸оʮٵȪеˮϢȻɳں
ɳڻȸԾʮٵԴҲٵںϡ
ȻһĽ֮У´󲿷ᱻʮںϡ
̷ӡʣʮɲɳȫգʮٱڷҶʩչʮҲĵġ
ҲѪӣһʮȻľϵѪʮ٣ͻȻðһѪѿͷ
ʮ٣̫˼ˡ
ҪһҶڵıʮٿ³ԽһУԪЩޡڰͳͳ޷Խʮ٣ǿҲ޷ʮͨĽ񼣡
ԪΪһֻҪʮٱȽϼֵȻ޷ʮȣȻҶȻδ˽Ԫй֪ʲôҲıڵĹ۵㡣
ϲԴɣ
һṦֹȥһʱ䣬Ҳֻʣһꡣ
Դ뿪Ҷ̧ͷգͨ壬ͳͳڣȻĿ
ںԴΧӡһοӡ͵ۡ
ˣ
Դһʱӡ˸âۣӡӿԴγһ̵ķ㡣
Դһӡ͹λˣԴڵϢȫʧһŽӲӵԴϢ֮ǰſԴȻͬ
ϲԴڳɹˣ
Ҷһ̾δɹΪϲž٣޷ɹͲɹ
ɭϵգѾֹģһƬϢ
Ҷȼӿղ¯ڲͷ۹⣬٣ϲ٣ҺΣ֮ǰҵʵʹﵽϲ۷壬ʱȻﵽ˸߲߶ȣ
꣡
֮վǽƹһףʱӽ֮Уڶ£ݺ˺ա
ƣ
һ޽ָһֱٴȥ

޽һ̫࣬ңٸдհϡͿ
ڶȻһΣҶȻ޽ȻֻҪһͰѵڶٻ
ĵߵ٣Ҷ޽һһ
ڰ˵ٽʱҶȵУ˹ʥǹ
Ϊڰ˵٣Ȼﵽϲ۷壬Ҫ֪Ҷڻϲ񶼲㣬پ˾ˡ
ʱҶȻӶйʥǹͻȻ𣬶٣һǹ̳
һǹ̵ٶʱ𵴣˼£ȻͿʼ飬ҲҶȰ𾪣ϲ٣в٣ǿ̫ˣ޷ʥ١٣ǺεȵĻֲ
ھŵ٣ɲǼ䣬нƵģƵ׹ҶٴλӶʥǹӭȥС壬ս١
ɲǼ䣬âɣűըͬƵģбըѤޱȣҶݺУƵƮ
صС

һԪϤʥϢؽٶҶͷнƣԪϴ
ŵǶϲĿ飬ôԪǶԶɽߵףϲĴ
Ԫͷ͸١Ѫϸ֮У𵤣ǣڣвеʼԴԪӵ˷豹Ϣ
ɳҲںΪ⣬ƯԴ磬ԪѿѪӣҲһ
ȫŹ˺ûᡣ
ϲ˳̤ϲ񣬸߲Ҳ̫ңԶһѹأ񣬾ܳΪ߼󣡡
ͯʼ
Ҷûжٸоӷɣ²вϲ񡢸߲񶼻һ̡
񣬲Żӭս
ǰȥ˴Ԫһжʧ̧ͷһʣһ㣬ԪʧҲڿɢ
߶ؾӲ¯ʱյԼʣµĴ󲿷
ʼóٿŵӡ֮ɣʮ񵤣ڵвȼ񵤣Ѿ޷ΪṩԴԺʬ塢ӡ֮Ϊ
ӿ֮Ҷһںϣڸоͻϲ񣬴ǿ֮У˿ʱ䣬м£͵ޣʱҪϻشñի汦ΨĹغ룬ͬȥȪɽ
ʱ䣬㹻ϲһλӽ״̬
ַͨ壬ܷٻͳͳȥ䣬һͨ壬ܷߵ߲߶ȣһͨ壬Ȼ񵤡
ڿԴںѪӣԼɳ飬ʲô
оѸӦȫ֮Уһ̺ǿϢǽѪϢϢӦ֮УһƬƬѪҶ
һһ⣬໥ڣʱ͸ŻĶĿĹ󡭡
Ѫ
ʱ߶Ϣ˫֮УѪҶӡǣҲҶٴ߶ϢЩѪӡǣʼΪҶȴ߶ϢںϣҶ𽥸о
ȻѪ䲻ΪˣУޱȣȲʮ٣Ҳκʬ壬
ԺҶеٶȣһһ棬̤ϲ񣬼ٶߣϲѶв֮ϣҪʱ䣬ԶԶв
ʮ£̤꣬ϲȻǸ漣
ɳ飬ʶ
Ҷִ߶ɳ
ʱҶȼڵԴȻһ΢ʶڣһ
âȻ𵤵ԪһֻΪɳͨҶȵľ˫ۡ
һʱ䣬Ҷȵ˫ۣȻɳ״̬о˫ۣɳƵģѪ֮УǾɳ
ӣôȥҵǸˣ
ЦҶףʶ̫΢Ĺϵʶǿ㣬Ҷںϸô˫ۼпܣΪɳ״̬ں֮ͨУҲγɸ
ʶ״ҶȻȥ̫ͨҵбԴһǧͼںϣһںԴ֮С
ȡһɳΪ塣


1839 Ȫɽ
ѪʶԴоԴ֮УϵسɳӵϢϸ΢غš
Ѫӻ᲻ҶȵľɳΪѪӵѪΪԴҶȵϢʱʱ̿ѪᣬҶոѪӵΪϢһĸ
ʶӵʶѪӸ߼̫СͨҶؾڣʶеỺĳɳʶҲԽԽ죬ҶȲռбԴʶɳٶȻͬն
֪ɹʶʩչʲô仯
ȻӵҶȾ뵽ں֮ͨС
һ뵽ģɹ
ȻɼһȻҲɱΪֻҪҶȲɹȻʺС
ĿĻһԭ򣬴ʦξ壬òһֱȥһ죬ʩչɹϢӦʦĴڡ
߶ɹ⣬ںԴڵʶ֮С
ʶӦɹ⣬̺ϵϢʱ䣬ҶʶʼԴڵγԽɹ⡣
Ҷȷɹû˿ɵϢȻҲǹâгŵ̬壬ʸ߶ȣԺ߶Ͳɹ⣬һ
ʥǹ
һоͳһͷʹâʥǹѩ׵ʥǹʣǻδﵽ壬һʵ֮γɵ
ֳԣɹȻһʷס
Ժܵõʯֻ֮ߣʱʹﵽ̫һ⣡
Ȼкܴãִ߶Ѫӣ˺ӡǣƤȥɫҶǣԶ߶ѪΪ룬ѭʼӡ
Ҳǻϵӵе޷ϣ̫߼ˣ޷߶Ҳǣбиб
壬ҶȶбԴǿ󣬿ϧֱ
һ»ָԪǴﵽһ߶ȣ㣬ʱ䣬ҶȾ䣬һʱ䣬Ѹϲˮ׼ǿ״̬ȥȪɽμᡣ
һΣ¾͹ȥˡ


Ⱥ֮Уһλˣǻûò֮ҶȣݣǰкȻЦݡ
ԭǽĿˣʱʱ˽ǰſȸıʵھˡ
ūԬ߳˶ܺ棬ĸˣƺӭʲôƵġ
ֻһòͨˡ
󣬷ִнٿˣѡҩԬɳˣȡ֮ǰİ﹤ͨӦȻӦˣҲżһͬӭҶȡ
ͨūܣϴμᣬһߺüÿ춼ʮ۳һͷԽԽ񵤵ҲԽԽˡ
ҶԬϤҵҲѧЩ飬ʵƣĿǰֻǻδһ¡
֪һ֮ҶȾͰϢ飬о˴Ӵ˶
ҶõūһǰȪɽϼɳˣԬ󣬸һҵ񣬲óǧ񵤸ԬԼʮ񵤣ԼС
һ֮ҶȾȥñիݷ汦
汦ҶȣһӴҶȾ֮һͬ
ͬʱҲ񵤣ҶȽһǧвȼ񵤣汦ҲҶƷһۡ
̻ᣬʽʼ
汦ǿ⼸̻꣬񵤣ûһɹģ˴֪е̣վİɡ
صҶȾ˰ƷܣʼҲ뵽ܶ෽棬Ԭ⼸꣬δЩп̻֡
Ԭʲôˣ
ɱ˲գ۵ɳˣûݣǸɳˣǱȻĺ
Գ֣һЩɳ˾ɲʮɣǱΧĸ·һʬ壬Ȼڸ̻ſڣʾļ̬ȡ
Ԭʱ⵽ηˣһЩ̻Ը󣬽ȫԬĶ֣λ߲񣬳˴֣ԬڻʳΧ޼ɡ
ĺ̨ǴȨﵽİ˻ӣǻñիҲ޷
֮ҶȾʹŵūˣһñիȴ˰죬ΨĹغ룬ʮӣ٣һҶֻˣ΢΢ò˼飬ȥȪɽҪһ£;һ⣬ΣգıҲ
汦ۼʮˣ󲿷ϲֻмǵͽλ߲񣬼ϹغҶȣֻҪӦûдա
̻ۼһ·֮󣬱ˡ
뿪ã˻ӾʹᵽҲȥȪɽʱҶϵ
뵽Ҫһʱ䣬̫ʱˣǰзһͨ壬ģڱڰ·ʧܿѡһɽʼС
ʱҶּǿַﵽϲȻϵʥػ᲻μӼᡣ
ܿ˻ӦشҲҶϲ࣬ڸָѡһЩӣʥɵĴһ
ȪɽҶҪİݣ˵Ҫʥʡ
һʱ䣬֮УǼͷһ
õͨ崫Ҷϴ߶ǧͼͨ巽λȥһУԪڴﵽһλϲ״̬ڵʵϲ񾳽ڣûе֣߲⡣
ʮ¡
ҶȾʹдǰһƬΡ롢׳ɽʨͦޱߴ֮ϡ
ɽϷҶȸӦˣԼǿϢϢƼҲӦϢҲʮϡ
ʮ󣬼Ҷ磬ͷһμ˾˵
мףһɽͷϢͨںϣȻصУñիΨǰ¡
汦غ룬ʲôҶȻ汦ЦСϵܣһ죬ǾͿԽȪ̳ǣǴ̻ᣬܶ඼һȪɽ۵棬ΪȨӵжչҲҪ̻ˣϽһʯ
̻ˣһʥ֧֣ʵҲʥأϽʯغŵ˵һ䣬ƺУֻһ̻ᡣ
Ҷ᲻֪뷨ʲô֪汦ǸˣƺҲҶⲻغ룬ᣬЦЦ͹ѻƿ
ʮϢһ죬ڶͿʼ·
;˷̻ᣬš塢۹ɢޣɫɫﶼС
ȪɽȿԿʥصӣΪִߣɽΧѲߣʥء̫ʥءʥءʥءʥضС
ʱɽ룬Ȼһƽľ޴ɽУһȴҪĳǳء
Ȫ̳ǣ
Ȫ̳ǣΧҲκν
ſȥȪ̳Ϊһ򣬴Щ֮УҶȸܵʥػ㼯ϢʥȻ̻ᣬƿһ̳ǡ


1840 ʯ
ʥأӦûһЩʥʵţʮʥһɴξţеʵʥҲֻ࣬ﲻʥôˡ
汦ǼˣʮϤȪ̻ᣬ;Ҳлñիˣǰӭˡ
̳ǣɽ˺ҲΪһЩ̻ᣬбȽĶֻ̣̻࣬;һʾ󣬶۸Ʒ
Ⱥ֮У߲Ĵڣ󲿷񶼻Ϊһö֮ͷܣ֮
Ϊ̻ȻȻҶȥȪ̳չʥ̻ڡ
ȻһǳصԱǽԳ
ʥ̻룬Ϊʥظ̻ڵ̣ڴ࣬ñիԵһɣҶȵΨμ穣ֻлñի֮һ
һչѣ
Ҷȴŵūˣոó񵤣ƣи½٣󲿷ֶǿϡ棬Ҫ񵤵ģһҲûС
ԽԽ࣬һ񵤣˱Ի̬ȣһ죬ԸһŻȥһԡ
ԭΪ̳ǣȴ֣ʵȻͬһ̫࣬ξ֪̫С
ñի½½ʹˣ汦æŲֺ
ҶȿʼļƻչūҲȻʼչѰҪıԴ
ᣬ洦Ǹֱ۱ЩˣóıҲнϸ߼ֵÿһչΧŲˣۡЩ֪
Ҷд߶Դ̺ʶϢںϸӦ֮УӦֵ֮УûбԼԴı
Ҷ˵ҲûжټֵǴԪֻޡʹùķּı֮ܿܿУһͨʮƺûжٵĿԡ
ˡ
ʥת˽֮һδӦʲôȻһͨչʱһɵĸӦ֮Ҷת߹ȥ
֪ʲô⣡
ǰҿȻһ
ﰡϧεƷʵıԼ
չǰΧһٶˣԭΧһһ߸ߵͭȥ
֪ͭжͷûκ⼣ֻͭɫʧȥ˹󣬼ˣΧȻճƿֱ˹ȥóԼһֿԣһֲС
Χ棡
ǧ磬治У񣬵ȷǱ֮еıǿƷʣûж塣
λ̻ܵΪһλˣ̻ᣬ֮Уϣܵ
չʮά򣬸վһԡ
ҶȾֱ񣬶Ҳ࣬ǰһ磬ڷŸʽƷҩؼһЩһЩʯͷľмҲС
һʯͷʧȥ˹ɫȭͷСûɣ͸һɺԵؼϢ
ʯͷ֮Сһǿҵɽ磬Ƕ۾õʯ࣬һ飬ıʯںʶӦע⵽鲻ͬѰʯͷ
ۣȻٴͷŸӦжʱһЦݣʯ
ʯһϢӡͨһֱıͨѡ̵ʯڽ֮ںϣһ԰һֱ롢תڱʯ֮ϡ
ˣǼֱʯ֮Уȡòࡣ
ӣʣһ뿪壬ͻɢ
ʯʣ̵ʯʣ뿪壬Ҳ꣬ͨᱻʿԼĵʲô֮أڹؼʱ̣ա
һҶһ̾鱾ʯˣǧ㣬޷ʯ֮ǰͱǿնɱʲô֮ء
ҶȵõǶ۾һУµıʯͳͳ˹ɾӵ󴫳УȻѱʯںϣõڱʯڵһС
ֵܣʯʱֱҶ˰ʱһʵ
Ҷȵͷ֪ΪΣоͨʯʲôҵĵط
ʯ̻ᣬǰչģΪû˿óԼʲôܣһֱڱ֮УμᣬóܷƽܵԵˣ
Ե̸ϣҲֻǸоʯЩѰϢˣ
ֵܿԿ̻ᣬչʾĵһǼ񣬺һʱ䣬ÿ첻ǧˣû˿
ô˶ܣһϲεºܣʯǿûȥúоʲô۸񣿡
ѱȷΪȻ֪ǰձļ۸۳ʮƷʯֵ˼ٸһЩŻݣʮ壡Ե˵ָ
ĸҲһƷʯʯͷ
һȻԷҪˣ۸̫ˣʮһ򣬾Ϳ֮ʯͷʮ򣬿һȥĸ߲ʮ򡭡㹻һ߽λ߲˰ɣ̫㣡
ֵҪҶȵ˼Ҳһ⣬ʯʲôûȥ
Ҷʼ磬һΣ߰˰ˣʵݵʯ˼ҳ߼۸ҲǡȥҲоǿˣȥҲû˿Գ˸߼۸ɣ
һ󣺡ɣʮ򣡡
ǹˣɣҲѼ۸񿳵̫Ҹ˺һʮ򣡡Ҷָͷ
ɵӣʮƷʯһʯһ߲ʵڣ
ΧЩˣڰ䳰ȷûԿ˵Ȼƻ̻׮
һԸһԸ
ãֵһŻݣգƺҲйһᷨӡץʯ
ҶҲóһö䣬Է
֮ҶȾʹʯ뿪ˡ
ʯʱֻһƷʯ˼۸Ҳ׬һʣ
ֻʯȷǸ
ǱΣ֪͵ڷ㿴ΧûһˣԸʮƷʯǿʯİɣ
Ǻǡ
ţҶ̻ᣬ˰н˴ʯļֵֻԼ֪
ĸӦʯǱʯ᱾ʯģӦöһͨʯļֵ´ﵽǧƷʯϣʯˣΪߣǾ޼֮
ʯˣʱ᱾ʯѾˣʯڵʱ䣬пܳԪϣܱԪʯԣӹɣܰô˵ΪҲǴﵽʥ߶ȣʮʵһ󱦱
ҰѼ۸ѹ̫ͣԷҲмʯҳ˿ȴֻһ֣Ӯý
ҶͯϽʯļʶӵʯĲҶࡣ
ܻǾ˵֣һ鱾ʯʵҶռˣȻʯأ˶ʮǳĿ


1841 زн
õʯҶȾҳܣɫ磬ͷŸӦȺ֮Уһϲȫ޷˵Ŀ⡣
ʱûҪıȴһԣر˵ֱ俴ƻˣҶҲģ̻Ὺļ۸񣬾ȻﵽǧƷʯ
һʴ֣ϲ񡢸߲һ֣Ҳҵ
ص󣬽Χˡ
ڼ۾񵤵
ԶͷųԪϢһ󣬶ԸӦ˱óչʾ˲Ź֡
Ҿ񵤱֪·ıһܴƣǵҩͷԵԪϢȻԪо޴á
ԶΨչʾͭʮ֮һñիˣҲ˳㣬񵤡
һҲ񵤵һ죬۳ʮţȪ̳ǣѾһܺõĿˡ
ϣȻ񷲽գһƬڣǿ͸žӨǹ⣬Ȫ̳ӵɸ鱦ɵĽ̳ǣûжֱ
ȻɵūҶƼңҪ˸Ƨķ䣬֮󣬷ͨ򣬱űʯ䡣
̫ҵ
ҶȷȥűʯоһҪ߶̫һ𣬼ɷҪѱʯڲǱĽƣƽ
ʱ䣬̫һ͸˱ʯ档
ʯܵȼգͨʯɷʯ棬֨֨İʯЩʣʽ룬һŽɫʯ
ʯ棬һĽƷӡȻ̣ʱɣĽҲ統ǰǿ
ʲôںϵ̫һ
һʧں̫һ֮УֱнʧҶȵ˳뱾ʯ֮С
ɲǣʯ룬һԪɵĿռ䣬Ȼˣ룬ȴһˡ
ȻûȻ⵭ϢֻΧӡԼʱӡڵϢˡ
˿ȥҲʮ꣬һĽüòΪӢҶףֻһ壬ΪģѹסôԪ
ΪӦôﵽʥ߶ȣ޷ܵϢһ£ڵʵĻᵱʧһдҲʧˣ
ҶҪȷϣǲһ鱾ʯȻõӡ֤
ôһ鱾ʯδﵽʥ˵ǿ汦ҶҲ뵽ʺˡ
Ԭ
ڻƷߣҶǰȡϢɳ飬Щʣǵõ鱾ʯЧȵõ
Ҳ㳹£һĸ
Ҷߣʺںϵ鱾ʯģҲֻԬūˡơ綼òϡ
ӡʯ֮ҶȾ뿪˾䣬Ž
Ϣһᣬ֮ҶȾ뿪˾¥ȥ󿴿
һ磬Ľ񵤵ǧ֮࣬汦ҲҶ뵽ñիСϵܣǰĺɲܲ
˾ǿ񵤣ԽԽܻӭȻ˳۸񣬰ѾߣֻǵʱѾóĴ㣬Ҳˮһա
Ҷȵͷ΢΢Цϸģ䲻ʲôˣҲ˵㻰ǻñիģ
͵Сϵ仰ˣиϢҪת̻ᣬ㴫
汦ҶȼȻѹ̻ͣҪЩС̻ᣬҪСģעûкû࣬ˣһǧΪ۸񣬰ѱǣڶҪ֪̻ͨᣡ
Ҳ˵ǰã˺ʥ¼ʱʥأ˲ٵӡ
⵹һϢȻȪ̳ǣ
ҲǿѨ磬Ȫ̳ǵ̻ᣬȻһʥأյʲôϢһԸ
ǰھƽţЩˣҪ۾Ǿ鷳ˣһñիҲ̣̻ȡޣȻǰʱյϢ˵ǵɽĴߣнʥصŮߣƺǱȻʥأߵģ
𣿡
Ϣɢ֮죬ҶʵԾ
м٣̻ᣬҲиʥһЩϢʥصʥʱҲˣ̻´пܣЩʥأʲô˿ô֮δȻõģСϵܣҪ㣬ֽڹϣ˴
лϸѣ
һ̸֮ҶȾ뿪˻ñի
ɻ󣬺Ȼ˵죬Ȫ̳ǡ
ȻˣҶȾҪʩչӦӦ֮УûлûΣеĺ
˵˻ɵõǺ۶йϵջ
뵽ҶȾū˸кȥʥѰұ
ڼչҶҲһЩϧ۸ߵľˣȴĲֻõı
Ҫ𣿡
жٰѣ
ʮѣһײн󣬾Ǹ߲ȻҲԴ߶
н󣿡
ǰһֺˣ·󣬶ӵеıûмó˵ǲн·ˣҡҡͷ߿ˡ
ҶҲ˲סǼҶǸϲһʡ
ô˵ǵӿСֵܣȿһ񽣣ǲһСֵΪԸǿУҼ۸Ҳ󣡡
ҷ׽󣬿Ժģ˼Ҷȣʵûһ˼ǲ˵Ϣ
⣿
ҶʣһԵòͷĵó˵
ķ㣿Сֵܣнﻹвٱ
Ҷ뿪֣һҾ¥ĹҶһв˰ŵֱ̯ǵ̯˵ôһЩˣЩ̯
Ȼǵ̯ʶǾǼ񵽱ˡ
ϴ󣡡
ü۵󣬼ˣͷһ΢΢һŭŵЩ󣬸ĿڳΪϰ塣
Ҷװû̯һȻڷŲٵƷ˵󲿷ֶһЩƷʻеĶһϲ񵽸߲֮䣬ҲһЩѵ
óҶȼΪͷĵһ
ЦǺǵģ߶䣬ٿһһīɫ񽣣ֻһߴСС
ӵе뺣ϢȻһӦīɫ񽣣ҶȵΪ㵡
ٿƷʱһﵽֻǾʲôλҶȻ޷
˴󷽰񽣽ҶȣܵСֵܣúÿ񽣣һʮѣò״һ֧зֵģǻʵĺںı
Ҷһͯʡ
ˣʵţɸǿߣδﵽĸ֣Ϊû½ػֻӡһЩеĵطչЩʵҲһЩﵽĺ֣һ֣һ޴ĺǱ𣡡
ԭ޾ĺ򡢺ڣڡ
ǿ۽磬Ϊֻ½أʿϢĵطû뵽еʿȻ̤˺򡢺֮С


1842 
ɢܹ㣬ˣҲȥū˵һЩͯϼ˵
ȻȷǺߵķһȼһʮѣȷһĽ
Ʒʻԣﵽ˸߽λˣ׽ǿռǱȽϡе
ȷˣӷ絽ɽ磬Ժټķ
õͯѣҶеĶûȥооһʵڲУȥҲ׬һʣ
뵽ҶȾͺֱӣʵײнʲô۸񣿡
ЦеĵСֵܣЩɶȼһʮѣ۸ȻƣǲȫĽ󣬵ƷһƷʯ
һƷʯ
ɲһСĿȻʮ񽣣˵ʵȷǱˡ
һ򣬺ǺǣõóôʯɣʮƷʯһῼǣ˵գҶȾͰ񽣣׸ˡ
ʮСǿЦ𣿡
䣬ƺˣ뵽ҶòһʯȴĴ㣬ͻȻԱ߼ˣҶΧס
ƣ
˺Ȼȷŭָ񽣣ʲô񽣣һӵƵ񽣣ŭĺȵһҵıŪһ֮һõȴˣ
ԭˣģ˵ġ
ڣʲô㣬һײнһ۸̫󣬵ƫƫסҶȣΪҶһϲ񣬸òôʯȴҶȴȻͨ͵ļҪթҶϲСë档
ʱȷõģһ񽣣Ӧǽ֮Уõһѣ㰵е˰ɣҶ쳣ƽشΧˡ
ʲôҪ񽣣Ҿ͸㣬һô򣬲Ūһ֮۸ǲǣ
˲ģû֮ǰǸ飬вɱ񽣣ʮƷʯŵõģŪߣǸϲҲòôʯ͸ʮһҲ٣
˵֮ΧЩ̯ϰ壬ЦҶͷ򣬱ˣһ׸
󲿷ˣʵǸֱֶΡ
ҶȰڰ֣ʮòǿóһҪҪ
磬СԱ߼һҧгݣĻŹֵʯ
Сӣֲ֪ߵغļһѵ֪үмֻۣʶģóʮʯ͹򡭡ԭα¶ƺҲҶǸ⵰ΰѼ۸ٴˮ
ǵ̫˰ɣʥȺ޳֮ͽţ޼ɣǲǣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷһɨ⼸ˣҾҪǣ֪
ȥСһɫŭɶһͽλ߲񣬻òһϲСӡ
ʾһΧϲ£ΪҶ֮ϣ̾ҪҶץǽţƺҶǶŻȦȦ
ಣ
ž
ͻȻҶȿż˴ߣǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾͹سڵǰһƣ˹ȥ
һĶߵ
㡭߱һզ˺һΪ֣֪һҶϲ񣬶ʱһȭ
ҶԭһͻȻ棬һŶԲĹĵƨɣһȥǱ˸ʺ˵ڵء
£̳ԸҶȣ֪˲䣬һˡ

䣡
һʯ䣬ҶǰһŲϣƴһţ˵ڵϣʹ÷ɱ໲ҽС
һĻЩˣء
үүүСһذɣһλ߲Ϊη޷ҶȵĽ
գȿʼ¶ųһ棬ʼġ
֪ߵغ˰ɣ쵰ǲͬģԺߣɱ㣬Ҳø𣬶㣬ȴҪɫҶ޲ãֱһŰԴˡ
ˣ۸ͷˡ
˱ӡ۾ͶʼѪүүС֪ˣ֪ˣСԸ׽͸үֻҪүģ
ү濴ϣ
һֱ߷𣬺֮óһö䣬ʵʵҶȡ
Ļ֪ɫҶϲΪ߲񣬴ĺ޻֤֮ʵҲ֤ţвݱԷɱˣҲ
ֻóһС
һɨ䣬Ȼʮīɫ񽣣ȻֻһѣõģǴһЩѺۼ
֪׽һж񽣣´䣬Ҷ֮ʣʵһ⡣
˴ں֮УһһһٰʮУ׽Ӧһٰʮ
ô˵һ֮񽣣󣿡
񽣣ǲн󣬻Ϊʮ񽣣õ֪ģ쵰С
Ҷ뿪ʱ˲˿žۼһƺһˣڽ죬вĵ
ӦһչҲδֺڡ
̻ᡭ
֪Ҷȷǰһ߾Ų̻ᣬȻֻоŲ㣬߶֮С
ԭѾ룬ǰʥ̻ᡣ
һΧ̻ˣȴһٲ֣Ǵﵽ߲󣬻һЩ
ûмϲģûۺȥҲЩ˼Χ󣬶ȴ
ʥΪʮһʥأӵеıҲȻΪӴģĽ
ҶȴЩη壬ǲԱϲ棬󷽷ʥ̻ᡣ
̻ռǧƽڶ߶ʮңӳҶҲ㿪۽硣
۶ܾˣһƷ۸߳屶ʮ
ţ
㡣
ҶȺȻӦʲôıӿ첽߹ȥһռ䷨ƯھµĽ֮С
ռ䱦Ʒʲߣϲ񣬶ڴ˵òϣһƿģһ߸ߣɫ
Ǭƿλϲ񣬼۸񡭡һٶʮƷʯ
һܣҶмΪ⣬һϲ񷨱һ˵ʮƷʯּλ£ʮ
ǬƿȻʮ
Ϊһռ䱦Ϊʥء˼۸ȴƷʵǲҪ
õ֮󣬿Ʒʣռ䷨˶ƿеģֻʺ϶ÿռͨʿ
֮󣬰Ǭƿľ裬ںϴǧͼ֮УһЧ۸񡭡Լڣ޷һϲĿռ
գ۸̫ʮʯǿԹǧͼ
Ҷ̤Ĳ㡢㡢㣬ڼеı۽磬߲㡢˲㡢Ų㣬ıȫƷʥﶼС
òڳ̾ʥصۺ̡
ˡ
ι۲ˣҶ׼뿪Ȼ䣬Ժ֮УһϢ
һ龻ֵĲӰҶȺ𺳣ѵʲôطйıﲻɣ
һϲҲ֣
߲񣬼ҶȺ֮УѰȥ¶мЦݡ

ҶȻΧڱһ


1843 
֮УƯһ
Լаָ߳ʻҺɫƷӡڽǰм򵥽ܡ

Ҷ޷ѹƼͨͨͣΪϡȻӵ֮Ϣ
֮ˣɽ磬ƿؿռͨţ
޵ˣ
ӽ̫Уõ֮֮ͨҶȶɹһδΣգ磬֮ҲǾ׵ͨ
һ̣Ҷڴϣ֮У޵ˣϸԪһԪȥţȻʧãã֮С
һĳһţ磬ҲǿĴڣ
̸㿴ɴߣֳߣ޵ˡ
һۣŹͥ˵ݣʮ꣬ɣ޵ƣ˷â

Ҷסһ๤Աʾ⡣
ԷǸˣʥأƵ̨ۣǰҶʾ⣬ĿһƳ䲻ȵ˵۸ĺԣһٰʮƷʯ
ǹۿ˵ͣҶΪϲݣԷЩмһʶѹϢܼ򵥸𣿡
˵ϸԪĩڣɽһλɢޣطսַ֮еõģΪʱʼѾʼд׹䣬һֱ񣬴Ӵ˷ߣ¾޽УǸɢ֪µĶҲһֱ̻ᣬշתΣʥ֣֮ʵ˵һ֣ûж
֪̺εҶס𺳣һʵ
̺һռϢһλռͨķߣıϧģ޷оļֵ
Ҫˣ
ֱóһö䣬ˡ
ߵһ飬Ҳ߶ӡӽ֮УóҶȡ
Χˣףһ˾ˣûʲôȥʲôɳһδ
Ҷ˵ȫʧȥҲ޼֮һٰʮʯʲô޵µĶ
õҶҲûʶ౦
뿪̻ᣬڲԶһ֣һҾ¥һ˼е뿴
ͨط䣬Ȼ䡣
̫ҵУҶó̴߶֮ͬϢ֮У̾ͼĽ֮У֮ϢЩɶ޵µ
ȷΪ飬ʧȥ̫ƣ´󲿷ʧ
ֻʣһտǣ
ϸԪ֮ĩ޵˷粻ãɽһͬΪߵǿɱ
ںãҶȶδõӦں޵ˣÿһֿռͨ˶֮УͷųҺûȫ顣
̻˵һУٿȻ޵ˣ˶֮УʩչճᱬըΪС
ȴֻ˵һ㣬޵ʩչֺ֣ܿӦͷֹͨǱˣȫԲһҲ
ûʲôջ񣬵ӡ֤һ㣬޵˵ȷ硣
ֻΪΣڵͬΪɽķߣ໥ɱ
޵Ӧĳһ
˼һҶȱպ뿪䣬ͨص񵤡
Ϣ֮ҶϣѰұ
Ҳȥʥ̻תһתʥ̻ᡭ
ҶȶδҵʲôۿʥأҪ飬ȥ
ˡ
һֱͷŸӦȻһʶϢһʱζش
ϸӦҶüͷһϢ֮ǰżȻõĽϢ𣿡
ˣͬһõһĽ
ҶȻͷ̣ȴĸӣһ㣬վһλȹŮŮڴһ񽣣ҶȵõĽһģһ
ǴŮǡô˽ϢһҪ׽ʧۣ֮Ȼһײн󣬽ȴԸңƽΪܺõĽ
ʲôȹŮӣҶȶûȥע⣬һͱֳȹŮŵһ񽣣̨ǰĽ֮Уʮ񽣡
ϸһʮ񽣣Ҷȵõʮ񽣣һһŰ񽣡
׽һٰʮѣܵõ󲿷֣漣
ܿ⽣𣿡
Ҷȹ棬һ˹
ȹŮƳһۣΪĮҶҲպüòֻŮʮͷܽ棬޶ģȹϲδжƷһͷڷ·˸⡣
óһ񽣣СҶȣΪƣ׽ƺ˶֮ɢķ
ȴȪɽͬʱֻ֣˵ɺϡ
ϰ壬׽»кܶಿ֣а취ҵ񽣣ȹŮĮȻһ
ʮѣ˵ʵڵģҲ׽룬ֵͲʮǰٱˣһڣ
ϰ壬׽۸٣һԵҶȣȻǰһˡ
̻ḺһҲҪ
Ȼ⣬׽󣬼ѵõĽǱϾģһףֵߣʵüֵֻܵղء
Ҫˣ
ȹŮӻһ˿һԱһλӣóһö䣬ƻе˵һƷʯ
򣿡
һ֣Ҷȵõ񽣣۲һ򣬶ʮ񽣣Ȼ۸ﵽ
ŮǮ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ뵽һ׬һʵ뷨һɨȹŮˣĸеģȻ񣬶ȹŮӣ͸ΪƺԽȤܻ򣬹ʮ񽣣ʮѣǿԽмۼ֮ࣿ
˼
˴ҶУȡ񽣣Ȼʮ񽣣ͿȹŮӡ
ȹŮӵõ֮ͫһĨЦ⣬Ȼת뿪
ˣһȺ඼񡭡
ϲ˵ʵڵģ󷨱ȷټǡ֮֮УпܣҲйڽ֪ʶ
һ˵ͲˣһüǮ籾ԴǸʵʣ
뵽Ҷϸ뿪̻ᣬٶȱһ˿Ķ࣬ɼӿ˲
ƹ֣һֵȥҶ̸˽ȥ׼סʱͻȻǰ֮еһˣƺӰҶȣҶȷӦʱһѱذͷŷâѹסĲӡ
Ī֣ʲô֮еһӣȻɭ
ƷҶȵӣҶǰջذף·һϲ񣬲ֵƣ˵βǣ
ҶʧɫصСķӣżȻ֪ӵλСҪһıֻ⣡
֪䣿
ವһһȹٻӰͳҶǰλȹŮӣͫžϲ
Ů˱飬ҶȾͰϲæͷӦͬһ׽󣬶Ҳֻӵһ֣
ȹŮӸһЦݣղŵˣ⽣󣬾ýķϡ٣ռ˵ҵƷܰϵᵽ𣿡


1844 
ҲǸⲻҪһҵȹŮӶԽһȤҶҲЩŪ
Сӡ
ԱĿŵű
ȴȹŮ΢΢ҡͷŻָƽ
һǧƷʯϵˣȻٲĺôʮֲԸ⣬׳ʯ
ԵȣԵȣʯҶһпСӡ
ԱһҾ¥ǵ㣡ĮȻ˵һˣȹŮֵ
ҲȻһҴ;¥ҶƳ˽룬ҲʧȺ֮С
δԶһС֮У̷ͨ壬һ𵱼ߣһΪһˡ
οԺú׬һʣû뵽һ׽󣬻Ҵջ񡭡Ҷ˼룬ΰʮѽ󣬻棺ܰѽȫóһһǣ۸ȻҲһ
һ׼Ҷȱͨˣ߳ӣ¥ȥ
˵ûʱ䣬ʥؾҪᣬ˵籾ԴﶼУ
ᣬЩֻΧֵķݣһ߲ĳϰƷʯ˵ҲǧڵĿֲۣ
СҲȥ棬ᣬ˶Բμӣ
·ʥ̻ᣬ䣬Ҷ̻߳ĲˣʥؾϢ
籾ԴĳľϢ
Ҷȵڴֻ籾Դļ۸֣Ҳﵽǧϡ
ܰʯó򵽼ˣᣬ»ֹ籾Դ
Ҫʯ
ūȥȥñի汦ᣬй籾ԴϢͳͳ
Ѱңҵ£ԵõκαҲȲ籾Դ
һʱ֮ҶȾʹͨ¥ոսһϤӣһʾ⡣
Ҷͨڲ֮УȹŮӶ£վԱߣƲһ
ҶȹŮӽܵλϰ壬Ȫ̳ǣҲһ󲿷ֱϰ嶼֪䣬취ŪȻҪü۸񣡡
ϰ壬
ȹŮʾ⣬Ա˵Ȳ衣
ͨʵ֪СҪʲôֻҪ̫ѵĶӦÿ԰æ
˵ϰϣ׽һ֣ȹŮ֣һīɫ񽣣ϢƯ
УУ
ͨ忴˿ͷ׽ƺһٰʮݣÿһ񽣣ȼ𣬲ȫģ׽ǵʥǿߣӵУϾᣬҲֻĽ౦ûһܴﵽȼģ̫鷳ҪĲϲһǰ㣬һʦƳģ
ȹŮƺֻ˽⽣ĲϰУж٣
ʮѣͨӦ
ʮѣ
ȹŮһЩʧΧҲһ
һĻҶȿ󣬶ˣ̺Ĳһô򵥣ǼΪҪƵġ
ãҶȿԴЩǿϣ׬һʣȹŮҲ֪ʲô壬ģӵеıȻһǰ㡣
ͨЦеĵ𣿺ǺǣС㣬ֱ󣬲֪Ϊԭɢ˷ռȫǿ϶ģμᣬƼʮȫ̻Сӣ䲻ʲôȴҲ뵽취ٳԿɲռĲн
ҵལһܸߵĳͣ˵˵ʮ񽣣Ҫټ۸񣡡ȹŮӿͨ塣
֮УûҶκλãֻĽʲôˣ޷⡣
ͨ忪ʼ㣬ҶȣʱΧ֣һʼɱƺпСˣҲշתüΣŷģɣƷʯСΣ
۸ˣû⣬аգҵĽ𣿡ȹŮ֣δһ£һ࿴һۡ
һ񣬱ó߹
ֻҪСҪļ۸񲻴±֤ռһ񽣣ҵе񽣣
һشһѴӹ顣
ǺãٸһƷʯΪϣڼ֮ǰҵ񽣣ʱٲĺôҪץʱ䣡
ȹŮӳִ󷽣óһ򶨽
ҶȽˣһӾ׬İƷʯû뵽
ͨҶһ£뿪˰䣬ʱӽͨһֻҪҵ񽣣߶ϵǡ
Ȼͳ֮Ҷϵ˻ʲôԻھ¥⣬ʩչߣ䡣
ʮѣ֮ǰʮѣԼô꣬ռġϣһٶʮѣʮ񽣣׽󡭡
ȻȹŮ̾Ϣ
ҶȴһȹŮӾȻͨôֶΣռҶϣʣʮ񽣣еĽ
Ҳ˵ֻҪõҶʣµʮ񽣣ӵһ׽
û뵽һӳ룬ȫҵˣõȫ󣬾͵ûǮȥУ
ʱ˿̣ҶЦĺϲ£죬ʣµ񽣣ֵԶԶԤϵļֵ
ҡһʥǿԴľһֻҵסС콣󡯣ʥչԡ
Ů̾һˣûκζ
С콣ʲôһʥ׽󣬲ǺѵŮӣ֣ңԶĺ⣿
ɲǼ䣬·һףҶȵġ
ߣţո봫صĺڽӴһҲˣΪȹŮӣӲּۻۣԭ½Ѱı
ǿһȹŮӣΪ´ﵽ񡢰ϹŶزһʥһǸһĵ죬Ǹأ
С콣һٰʮ񽣣ÿһݶôҲһʥǸǿߣô˾ĽΪҲʥֻʥſƳϰٵƷʡ󷨶һпܳʥ˵һ񼶵ľͷ
һŻعǷˣõһرȹŮҪռαҪһЩˡ
ˣ
ʱūϢ汦ȥһ˻ñի
пܣ汦μᣬЩ̻ᡢ籾Դ
֮Ҷͨں֮󣬱ֱ
Ȫֻ̳ʥѲ߸֣շУҶȻص󣬻һʱ
ǰι۾񵤵˸࣬ﲻչҲΧ˺ܶˣһԱߵΨȴ޼ӰΨǿͭסһЩˣǶ۵Ʒ̫ˡ
񵤣˶Ҫ
Ҳռ˸
뵶ūĹ֮⼸죬һһã̻ᣬǰǶ񵤵ƷʣƷʲǵĹؼūδһһӦỹδжãӰԽԽ㣬ʱеƣЩ̸̻
˽ţҶȱתñիȥΧһЩԴ̻ᣬֻΧչ۸񰺹󣬼Ҷȳ֣¶˼Ľģһ⡣


1845 ӵֻϢĽ
ñի˾ϿҶȽҡ
Ʒһ裬汦ͷ
ϲСϵܣ𱬰ϸ綼Ľˣ汦֮ĴС£óʱʱ̶̿ע󶯾
һת⣺籾ԴμᣬȷˣСϵܣҲõ籾Դ
ϸĪǻñիҲ롭ҶȺ
ֱڼϣ˹עĶ󣬲ʥԼ籾Դ֮ıÿμᣬ󲿷עĽ㣬֪жǿߡ̻ᣬ뾡취õЩһñիֻǶ̻ᣬҲռһЩϾ٣٣
رԴ̻Ҫ㣬ʱ򣬲òһЩգؼһЩ
汦ҶǰδԵж֣ͬѣ˵ǷԷθҶȿڣֵμᣬЩϣñիʹˣÿһʥأţмرбԴֻ߸̻йֱʥءʥءʥءʥء̫ʥءʥءʥߴʥأóߴʥأһжʮ籾Դ
ʮôһ֣ȫõʶɳʲô״̬
ǧͼں֮󣬽ϲ񡢸߲񶼲⡣
ǣʮÿһļ۸񣬿¶Ǹ֣óʯҶҲֻܵõһ֣ˣһܶ࣬˭֪۸εȵĸ߶ȡ
汦Ҷڳ˼ƺ뵽ҶЩɬδἰ۸Ȼ̾ʮ֮У籾Դ̫࣬ȴҲֻʮ֣ǸˣװѱԴóһЩͷԴеص㣬Ժܶ˵õ֮ҪôãҪô׸һЩһľͷ
ҪʯҶѰұԴ֮뷨ҲûˣҪһ˼εõ籾ԴΪ
汦ͻȻѵһ£ҪСϵܣһƺټ̻ôҽ㣬ú˿ӣЩõ౦ǹȻñõĻᣡ
ˣ
Ҷ˵һ£˵ЩĺпԺ۶㲻Ǻ۶ˣҲâˡ
ҶȺ޲ҵǣҵ纺䡣
ЩᣬʥضҳȻһЩӵͨĺҲӦŷϳ
һʱҲ벻ȻҶ汦뿪ñիͻصϢ׼ȥ߹죬ҲȥԺһʥȹŮӣúô׬һʡ
֮Ҷ뿪ʥ룬ʥȥ
ʥֹģʥ巽棬ҪһΣʥظˡ
ҶȾֱ̻ȥ
̻ᣬҶȼһʥͬţΪ꣬û뵽һ죬ͬ¼棬Ҷ˽ǣǶҶףȴоİ
ͷܶҶ̨ʥش󲿷ƷǸƷʵģ񵤣ҶȸӦϢһЩ²вȼ֮УҶȻӦ˵Ϣ
ãһ࣬ˣһЩѰƹ̡
ˣҶûкøУҲδˣӻؾȽ뵤ʱԸӦһЩ߲㣬Ϊ׵ʮųҶ֣ϵߺŵĹϵ
ˣԼˣҶȵ̬Ȳƣ귢ȡǼ£Կ磬δվڹƽ㣬ԴǼ£ƫ̻ˡ
ЩȻǸ߲㣬Ҷһڵɳʱ䣬ûΪҶȡ
ЩʦܡǻؾȵĵӰɣ
俴󷽣һЩӸŴֻһƳΪ²񣬲ױȻǴӻؾȵʱӡ
мͬ飬ֻһ˲ˣǿ߲ǿͬ鵮ģǿԼһͨСĥɳġ
ʥҲó籾Դر¥ҶȼѰңʥûҪı
ͬʱҲ棬һǶȣ˽ʥء
磬ҶûһйʵͬţЩˣӵ֮У֪ǵҲİ
ˡ
һ㣬ʮʱո̤룬ͻȻһϢҶȵĸӦ֮УʼӦͣԾš
Ҷʮ־ȣĪʮ֮УҲʲôԼйصı
ϴ̻ᣬõ޵˵ǣ
ӦҶȲ첻߹ȥΧι۵ҲϲֻǼ٣󲿷ֶǸ߲Լ
󷽿һŹ̨ǰҶǰһһ㵵ֻϢȻӽ֮ͷų
ȥ֮УƯһ֧ʣ
ûī֭ĺۼȴгдĺۼ֪жˣֻһ߲ƷʣҲûֽܣֻбۡ
һʮƷʯ
һʲСļǮҶȰһ̾һ߲񷨱ƻλƺʲôҲˣļֵֻ̺Ϣйء
ãʲôҪģ
ʱһλ߹ͷŸ߲ϢҶһֱӽʣ߹кҶȡ
ïڣĵӣĽλ߲񡭡
ӵһۣҶȾڵ֮УѰݣȻںĵ֮Уҵݡ
Ȼ벻ǰİ꣬ͬţʣ֧ܵʣʥأ֪ĸĳıܶˣʥ֮ڣҲδͬӵйһλ߲
ôԼʥظƵıҲóҶȺһʡ
ֵģﻹЩʥǿƵģïǳǳһЦ
ҶͷŸӦȻӦֻϢӲ֮ͬͷųʵİٷ֮һһʱ䣬ʵϢ
ҲףʥʥһֻгΪ̫ϵӣʸʥֻ̺ͨﵽӵֻϢġ
һ֤֧ʣӦ̫ϵϵǿߣƳġ
±Ե˵̨֧֮Ҫ𣿡ïڼҶȳ˼ţȥط
ȻҪʥصıֵղأֻûй֧ʣϸһôҲˣ֪ǣߣǽҵĺʥأҲԳ֧ʣʥ
ҶȺȻ¶һ᲻Цݡ
ݸ߲ܣ֧ʣʥأǨʮѴڱ֮Уܶˣϧ߲Ҳļ¼û˿Ϣ֮ҲϸԪıֻ޷мԪ̨֮ԭʥأҲǾȥɣʥأҲһ£˵֧ʣΪ̨ˣ֪ϢҾ޷㣬ΪҲֻʱæ
ðɣ
Ȼ˵ϣ޷˽ʸܣֻҶԼȥ⿪̺
һʯͷһö䣬óïڡ
Сӽ磬óʣžη֮ģѽʽҶС
ʣǿҵֻϢʹӽ֮ͷųҶ̫ϵӣλӰޣҲнڵֻϢŨңȻ̫ϵӣֻͨҲûж꣬ӵ̫ǿֻ


1846 ̻
õ֮ҶȲδһʱ뿪֮УѰұջûҶҪģĿǰ޷籾Դġ
뿪֮󣬱ڸһҾ¥
󷨣ͨ򣬱䡣
ʣҶȲϸ鿴ΧһЩƣʮѰδ֮УʮʸУպһ߳ʷҲǽɫ֪ʲôëģ¸ʴ£Ȼ͸˳
֮Уδҵйؽʵ֣Ȼȥϵƣˮһˮˣ͸һصζ
ֻд߶ֻߣͷֻϢںϡ
ֻ취ϣҳʵܡ
˲߶ֻߣֻ֮γһУ˲ܲڽ֮УȻʹȻ˶ĲƣȻʼŤ죬·Ƶģλ߲ƣȴδ߶
ҶͷԽ֮Уȴ֣֮Уֻ̺Ϣģɵͨơ
ѵֻʥصֻͨܽ⿪Щƣ
Ҷȿɲǿƽƣͯϳ棬Ƭ̾ƽ⣬Ǵ߶һַýʽƷƻ
ҶȲ뿴ġ
Ϊ̫ϵӣҲʥصֻͨ
סʣһ뵽٣ӻ̫ʼϣõֻͷβҴδκֻصֻ̺ͨͨġ
ϸϸ룬ҶȷʥأкܶҪѧϰģʥصݣҲҪȥԼ򣬶ôС
ڴͬʱ
ʥأؾ֮У
ᣬعٿȻһƯգ̤ŴδйľϲԶ񷣺˴߶ǼʥأһֻشˣȻˡ˭
عһʧ˻ؾȣٶȣҶȼֻĪ
֮С
ҶȳûúϢɸԪԽ𽥴ﵽһλϲ״̬
𽥼ϲ⣬в񣬷һͷŨҵԴϢԽѪʶ
ֻ̺ϢӰôһ˲٣
۲쵤仯ʱҶ֮£Ӱ֮һ˾˵ı仯
ӵֻϢӰ
ֻӰһʼģֻһΣڣԴſֻӰһˣڶʮʮ¡
ҶȸоɻӰ仯Ǿ£ʱû硣
Ī֧ʳֵԵʣ
ֻӰб仯ֻϢȻкĹ
߶ʴӴ֮У뵤ֻӰǰ
ˡ
ֻӰ·ƵģһֱٻˣֻӰȻûκα仯ֻΧһЩֻϢϵ˸
Ȼˣ֧ʣֻӰʹõķֳߣߣĪʥصĿɽ֮棿
ž֮ģٴδֻӰʥأȻǷʥعȥҲЩ˽⡣
ʥؾԪһʥؿ֮ʱ۷ʱ̣ʢһʱ֪ӵжٵӣǺεȵǿ
ϧǿߣ䣬ʥص䣬Ҳ̣еڣʥز֪ǨƵٴΡ
һδεǨƣȻҲһЩʧ
ʮ֮УʥʧȥյĹâһʥأʥض޷
ò˵ʥأȻʧȥֻشеݡ
֧˵ܸҴֻ֮֮ˡ
ع飬ѽպã뿪䣬Ϣһʱ䣬ѹȥ
߶µķܿлӦҶھ¥ȴǡ
Ȼʱ֮˶Ҷͨϰ壬̴ţӭһš
ȹŮǰ̿ԣһȹ·һƮѩղϵ£
ޱ顣
С㣬ηѾţ֮ҵ˶ʮ񽣣ͨԵø󷽣֮䣬һѰ񽣣Ư˷ա
ȹŮһüѵõЦݣϰ࣬ټȪ̳ǣ̶죬ռʮ񽣣֪Ҫʯ
ӣմ׵ĸ߹Լڵõ񽣣ǰˣйĶԻ
ƷʯҶȵȻҪʨӴ󿪿ڣλᡣ
ȹŮӲδκһ൭ɨһӱóһö䣬ͨʱ⡣
ȹŮպ񽣣ʵ㻹ռ𣿡
ͨһʱ¶ΣС㣬ỹеģֻĴѰ񽣵Ķʵ̫󣬿ÿõһ񽣣۸񶼻ᡭ
۸׽ȫõǲܵģܸҵʮ񽣣ҿԸ㼫ߵļ۸֮ǰʮݸҵʮ񽣣ҿԸǧƷʯ
ǧ򡭡֮ǰģС콣ҾͰװ׻ýǧƷʯ֣ӦÿԲ籾Դ
ҶЦ˻ڿװǣ׵õһ׽֪˾˵ʯ
ʮѣֻᵽ֣ȴ֪ϵĽĶС
ȹŮԼ֮ȹŮȻ뿪¥
ҶպʯϽʻʵ۴ʯԼҶǰռģʯʮ֮֮࣬һƷʯ󲿷ΪƷʯƷʯҲУϡ١
ʯˣǸ߽λʥ񣬿ҲûҶôʯҪ籾ԴҲһֶѡ
һҶҲ뿪¥
ʥѰûҪı
˼죬ûнϴջҪ뿪ʥʱҶȴһ
֮͸һǿҵɱ
̻ᣡ
˫֮ͫбһ⣬û뵽ָ̻֯ᣬҲɱ֯ҶȻǴ򽻵
ɽɱڣЩ֮
ɱֻɽһɱ֯Ҷȵĸоȫͬռʣʲôıȫһͨ֯
ȻˣҶȻҲҪȥơ
ǿҲܷҶȵݡ
Ҳ٣ܿ˿һЩõóֵıڹԱֻٲ֣̺ɱ
ϹĹۣ
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
Ѱ֮ʣͻȻӣǽʱǡҪȥһײһ
֪һӣ塢׶һȣ̺ھȵ󣬵һѪε
ŵüæǸƵıš
һ¶
ҶȵһЦֶˣˣ濴ɷʵڼĵĿ־壬QԽߣˤҲԽݡ
ˣǸ֣Ҷȶ޷ӦǵΪҲǴﵽ߽λ񣬵ҲмŵıǮ
һҲʧȥ£뿪Ƿ֮أҶתȥ
ͻȻһͳһ𣺡λү½Ƕλүʲô£ЩҪͷϷ彻ģ
һҪ䣬һɱߣǸ߲Ϊڶ˵ͷ
ԭ̻Ĺֲͣ˰衣
˾ȻһֱۣȥԱһˣͻȻЦղŵõһ಻ʥ񷨱һؼЩ޴ǣ֪շҹѷ


1847 ±

Աˣһ̣Цһ
˽֮С
ڿһ࣬һˣѵԼࣿ
ҶҲûʲô쳣֮ո߳һ˫üһԾˡ
˶ԻҶȲ˻ɣǰǿΪǾ꣬ɳǿߣ̲ΪҲƣͨһǱֵţһǿߣþеȡ
ԼԼ޴ģҲ࣬ôǿԵǲƵġ
йŹ֣
ֻصڣҶȼװѰд߶Ȼ޷󷨽ڵоˣؽ֮УΪ̫ԭ򣬶Ҳиš
գֻܴŻ뿪̻ᡣ
죬Ҷȶʥջ񲢲Щ￴У۸ָߵףһ˼׼Դ
ʥ̻뿪ҶȽʥأԺֲ纺һĳĲζ˼죬ҶȹŮϵ
ص㣬ȻһҾ¥֮С
ǰҶҲһ԰ʣʮС콣ȹŮӣӵǧƷʯõԴĻᣬִһЩ
Լʱ䣬Ҷͨϰ壬¥
һǿڵҶȶˣ䡣
ȹŮȻǸ׵ģʾͨ£ü֮£βס棺ϰ壬ˣ֪ռٽ󣿡
ͨЦ̫ˣ֪ͨ˷·ѣһѣպʶһռʮݽ»˴ǮĥƤӣǰѽŪ֣
𣿡ȹŮ¶صľϲ
֣Ҳ໥ƺû뵽ôãܰС콣ڼϣһ롣
ͨóһ񽣣ȹŮӡ
Է֮󣬺ɣԱóһö䡣
ͨһȻǧƷʯһƷʯѻɵСɽΪ׳ۡ
ҲʣС콣һһȹŮӡ
첻ˣС㣬ڻ꣬ҵС콣󣬻صһʥС˳ΪʥĴߣ˭
׸ɣԱһ񣬾ȹŮӴ
ҪΪһʥˣףڵʥС콣ǿҲЩǲװ׽еȨˣȥϣ£һ뿪ʮȹŮӽվʾԱһˣҶͨ뿪
һȴˣС㣬ʮЩһ𣬿Ϊǲڣ
޹ģֻһ̰˵ˣõѣȹŮӲûҪҶȶֵ˼
ҲдžС㣬򲻿ĴʴȣһʮǱܵģɴɱҲǴڱʮ׷ɱľأ
⡭
ĺȻȹŮԵúìܣ޷Ĵ飬һƷˣƧ֮أٳɱ֡
˫ԻҶһһʼһð֮ǰ뵽ЩԺ⣬²ܰƣͷһͨ塣
ûж֮ǰҶȲǿ뿪Ϊǰ˽ߡ
ھҪɱ֣ôԴ߶ͨ壬ϣֻҪֳҲ׷ɱȥ
һҶȾﶼȥȻǲﶯ֣ҶȾȹƷи֮ʱʩչ͵Ϯðķվ̫ˡ

ʯ䣬һ֣Ҷͨϰǰ˻ᣬͷѹΪһ磬ҶͨķӡҶͨ˵ĻҲûˡ
ҶԷִԪҶԪ󣬾ͿʼҪӡԪ磬ҶһӡǿԪ˵ķӡ׾ͰԪӡˡ
ߣ
ɹʩչԪӡҶȾͳΪһʬ⣬ֻ˼άԼģԷһȣҶͨľ뿪䣬ȹŮǰһֿҶȶ˼ӿ첽
һ뿪¥ͨˣڽֵ֮С
磡
û߶ԶȻ䣬ҶȹŮӾϲ
ǰȥ֪ʲôʱȺ֮Уһλˣʮ꣬һ֮ϣవɫƣȥȲ
òɾٷ磬һּʶԨĸо˫ͫƽȴ͸Ű⡣
ӦϢһֲ֣ҶУѾ޷ģֶһ±硣
˼ӿ첽ȥ±繧ʩ񣺡ӣ
±絭ףȹŮӣȻߣ˿ȥ֮ϣ±翴Ҷͨ壺ǣ
ġ
һ֣ȥ˵±硣
˫üһȹŮӣãѣ䲻ĵ죬֮磬˿۸ĲعƣǻԺ⣬һСģֻܱ⣡
硭ȹŮһʱΪһҪ˺ǻСŮˡ
ǱҪڱ㣬𣿡±Ҳʱأ§סȹŮӡ
һĻɲǳΪæ֮ϣףһĻ
ĲԺ£С޷ö⣬ҪǶıС
±ֶ֣ޣõ¹ӳޣĴֶԣ·Ǽ޷ڲؼЦݡ
ƳҶͨһۣôҲС㣬еС콣󣬵½ʱȫʬҸطˣ
»õģ֮УǸҶȶ˵ĸ֣
磬ҵָܻС콣ؼһаˣͬʱȥ
Ҷȶ˷£ȹŮ±Ի
ᰶؼѰңʮʥأһ㲻ֱóռལؼܻҵ취ģ±͸źǻů⣬˸оӦó֮С
ģˣϻһ£ǿҪȥ󶴸һˣĪʱ䣡
㴦ٶȻƷҶȵǿ߽
󶴸
Ҷһ󶴸ǾȻҪȥ󶴸
ⲻȺ֣й
̫ˣȻ纵Ǻ۶󶴸âа취˽󶴸һУҲͨ󶴸˽۶û뵽õ˾ջ
λģ
ִ߶ӡҶͨ壬ʵʵ̳ǱԵ
Լһʱ֮󣬸ͷͨƿҶͨ壬̳ǣȺɽ֮С
δɶã־Ƽһ£Ҷͨ壬֮ϣȻ䲻ЦǶ˿ɲҪԹңֻãʲô˲ҪպǣҲ
񸮣
ҪҶ֣ͨͻȻ󷽣һгֳһͨͯϣָһץϢͰָ֣֮С
䣡
ͬʱҶͨԪ󱬷ʧǿԪҪµķӡͳͳ顣
ɱҵˣ̫̫࣬ûһԻ뿪ġҶȵһЦͨͯϰæ߶򣬾Ͱһͨϲӡͳͳøɸɾ


1848 
һͨҶںϣͷ֮С
ڣ¥һ㻨԰գ֣˸һķӡǰͯĮȻƯš
ˣ
ӰҶȳͯԱߡ
ǸּҶȣǿͯϣ˷ŭҶȣû뵽Сӣϻ֪˹ƣһó˽㣡
Ҷ׶Է飬һĪͱѹ˭Ҳŭɱ˵Щûãһҳ֣Ҳɱң֮ûɱ㣬Ÿһ·
һ·ߣһϲʲôʸ񣿡ӼΪм
ͣ
յ⣬ҶȲ֪ʲôͨǰĴһ޽߲š
黹δ꣬һ𣬸뿪ڣ֪ѪԼ⣬˿ڴͬˮӿӶӿҶȵġ
ʧڻɫ󾪴Ҷȣ㡢㡢ħ
ĪҪʲôֻҪһ㣬ѡʲôͻشʲôǲشǾѡ
Ҷɱ֣ɭ䣺ķҲˣһѪļ⡢ϸԪһУ˵Ǳһ񣬿ΪҴ
㡭
ǰӿֻֿѪⲻϱĺԽ١
ȥֻл
ãããʰɣһ·ÿˣܼԼĵģȻӣҲ
֮䣬˿ھȬˣҶ˺󼸲˵˵ǱϹϾ±磬ʲôˣ
˵ǹ
˲˿ڣӿֱ̾λشΪţһʥɽˣ
һʥɽǺǾʮжԶ
֪Ǻߣ
㣬ң
ǣ
ӣ벻ףҶΪ֪ǺߣжҶȵĿֻͣһʥʮŽ׷ʮңԶԸ߲ΪҲҪ£Ҫʮֻ꣬ʥ֮䣬ֻҪʱ䣡
ʥҪꡭ
ʥٶȣʮҲҪһʱ䣬ԴƲ⣬ȷǳңԶֻʥ񣬲лȥЩƫԶ֮ء
ֻһʥһ
һʥɽڡȺϰһʥǿļ֮һŹڵɽҲһС֮ϣһʥܽ
ˣȺūŹ
Ӹջش꣬Ҷĥ֮ʣһԵͯϿˡ
Ҷ¶Цݣͯ渵ȺǺ֮УһɱȽ׳ʿȽϼУӦԪϣû뵽ܾԪںӵУ
˵ӦöȺҲһ˽⡭
˼Ƭ̣ҶֿӣĿʵɽŹӣǲй
û⣬ͱ£ԥ
ʵ֪ɽŹӣ󶴸ϵʱ˿㻹أʵյϣҲشôھ͡
Ȼ䣬ҶȵƱðޱȣָչͷһɿµರƷ
һлá
ϽУйϵҲʮ֪ԭɽһֱâйϵ
â
ȻõҪҶȻָƽʵâΪȺһֱûбâ̲
ӵĴڣȺҲв񣬼ȺһƬɽ֮ϣΧǳˮˮ򣬺֧֧ݺύâȺλã
˵꣬ͯϿҶȣˣһ㶼ѡǳˮ򣬽ˮģӵвٵǿߣ˵âһɺϯƬˮ򣡡
ŹϵΣҶȼʵ
Ⱥ֮УҲֹйϵɽâҵҲŵ֪䲻˽⣬ɽĵλԼһʥĹעΪŹӣҰģâһͳȺ
ô˵ɽ򵥣
СżȻᵽɽңбƺңԶһ½Ĵ壬Ǹ½޴ޱȣҲٷ֮һɽһֱȺԵأǶ޷ŹӵΪСģءȻﵽĸ߶ȣᣬʵôǸҡ󣡡
ﵽΪ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȸоһ£ԵľһʱŹӾͶ֣ɡ
ҺмСҶȶ֡
һĹӣʹﵽ񣡣
ʮ֮ڣֻʥص䡢ŵпܴﵽ
ֲйϵ
Ⱥһʥɽâ
ЩʱҶ̫ңԶӵʵʥʵſȥӴЩ˽̫࣬ҲûбҪ
˼һҶ飬Ȼס֪âûйںĶץʲôˣ
ԳһЦ̫߿ˣ񣬵ȫṳ̂âˮʲôֻк֪
Ҳɱ㣬ұ㣡
ô⣬ҶȾɱǰһ߳ʯ䣬ָ͵üġ
ͬʱͯϻһϵķӡ˲ʧ
ͻȻָɣЩţҶȸֶȻԪֲ£ֻһ˿Խ⿪ԪӡҲڿʣڸᣬܽ⿪ԪӡҾͰװ׷ߣ
棿
Ӽ̴߶Ԫ񣬹ȻһɽƣȻƣոմ߶ҶҲ˫֡

Ԫ͸ƣʼѹӵԪ󣬿һĻҶġ
һһ˵һȻ˵㣬㲻ɱ㣬ӴԺҪΪңɽŹӣâĶһ㣬뾡취âһΪ۶ǿߣûץסһλԺŮʿλŮʿһУ꣬Ҳǧ꣬ҾͻȥȺ㣡
۶âľǿߣݺˮ˷һΪ񣡣
ΣסҵĽ㲻úΪҰ£һζ㣬Ӧúúð£һɣܶ࣬벻ı
ҾΪŮʿ
ӻδǿĺ۶عֱҶһͨĿɨʱ䣬
ôҲ벻ͨһϲӵһ֮Уǿ飬ҶȱҲǿĪ⡣
²ϲһ˽ʱ䣬ѾǼޣϲ񵽴ǾͲʮܴﵽҲҪǧʱ䡭ﵽʱҵʵҲӦôﵽʥ˵ͨɽӴâ
Ҷֻ֪ΪԪһʥĸ֣ȹŮߵΪȹŮһʥѪߣʸ񣬳Ϊһʥˡ


1849 ̫Ӧ
һȥֻܿȥɣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȴһԪ뿪񸮣ƯϷ
ԪҪȥҶҪʲô
߼ˣʹոյõǽǧƷʯҪװԭٲᡣ
ʯóԪɱˡϰ塱ֵõȹŮǧƷʯɱˣʯûĵ
ûа취ҶóʯԪδȥʱҪúñסǿߣʥ񣬾ϣˣȴһʬ
ǣ
ԪתȪ̳ǡ
ǧƷʯܻһ˿ҵ纺˿ֵ̫ˡ
ҶҲ̻صȪ̳ǣѰұ
һº
Ҷūһñի
СϵܣãҪʼҪ籾Դοɵر
Ȫ̳ǣеĵһ죬汦ԼҶȣһͬȥ᳡
׼һ汦ʹʮ֣ҶȲ߳ñի
᳡̳룬һԲߵĹδʼΧѾʮ󣬿ϧ󲿷ֶԻ᳡ȴ
ΪҪ᳡Ҫ볡ѣ볡ѾҪһƷʯ
֣²в˵֣Դ󲿷ָ߲Ҳһʾ֣ؼֻǽ᳡Ҫ˾˵ʯ̫㡣
еĸ߲ȴԸóʯ볤ʶ
汦ΪҶȽ볡ᣬ᳡¥ÿһһˣ᳡ˡ
һ룬Ϊ
ҶϲΪ˵ʵ̫𺳣ͷŸӦҶѸӦʥءʥءʥء̫ʥءʥظУд޷ӦϢӦöʥ
ʥԼĪǧˣ
֮ʥҶȴ۽磬ֻһˣᣬȻָʥͷ
Ҷ汦£汦£ֻڻ᳡֮ȴ
ɱ
һҶһֱ汦ģȻɱһԴ
ɱҶȽ̻֮󣬾Ϥɱ֡
ҷȥɱĸ֣Ӱ㣬ʱϳϴ̻ᣬĿ˵ˡ
˽֮󣬾ҶϷԶ£˾룬Ҷȫܰ˫Իһ
ϴξͶݣʮֻɣлŪ
˺һ˫һֱδ˵Ҷһ
ˡ
ڴʱҶԺһɸӦһڣ˫üһ壬¶־㵣ΪɽŹӣǻȹŮӣԼԪ֣һͬ᳡߲һ
Ҳˣ
Ҷϴ߶ԪԪһ
Ź˵ûʲôĿģԪ˻ӦʱҲպüҶȡ
֮ҶΪһиպ˴ɣɺϰˣŹȹŮӣԱʱҶȲŸоһи
ͷ˫
Ϣ޵֮һڣŹˣ
ţװʶҲǧԷкһҲ˵ˡ
˾ȻʶŹӣҲʶ
˲䣬޹ϵ˶ԻҶȲ֪֮䣬ԭʶ
ѵ⣬Ⱥȥˣ
ֻͣΪŹʶϵһ㡣
һŹһһֱδᵽйϵ֮İۣһֱȹŮӽʮһЩ顣
񹦷᳡ѾûпλҶȸܵٶʥصӣӸ߲̫ϵв٣ûҶʶλӰޣڳ̫ϵӣҶҲϤ
ʥǿҲһ֣ûһˣҶġ
ĻһƯĽ磬ʮʥǿߣڽ֮С
Ļ᳡
һʥ˷һ죬Ȼرóϣ˷ĵѣعҲϣܵõıһƷʥصı̫Ӧ顯
̫Ӧ飡
£˾
󲿷ֶ֪̫ӦΨҶȲ֪
߽̫ܵӦ飬ص壬һֱйִ˵˭ƽܣܵõĴУֱ羭֮Уӵһı⣬ӵʮȲϵı
ϸ磬̫Ӧ飬˵ô棿ҶϿ汦
汦ҡҡͷܵ˭Ҳ֪Щ˵һģ̫Ӧ飬ȷĶֻǲ֪ʲôĶɾӣ֮еı
ô̫ͣӦмֵԴ󲿷ˣûκô
̫Ӧ飬ıҲϡУ
Ҷ˵̫Ӧرõ޴Уӵ⿪̫Ӧܣпܡ
Щ࣬ΪĶǱ
Ժ󣬱һ֪ģ
ʱϷ˲мЦ
֮еߣ˴򿪱УƯһɫ飬ڵⱾ̫Ӧ飬ļΪƷʯϣԵ˵õܣгһչ֮£
˳ۣʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
һһʼмۡ
磬Ⱥ֮УôδⱾ̫Ӧ飿ʱȹŮӵҶȵĶ
Ź𣺡̫ӦǴ˵еĴڣһǳƾõĴ˵û֪ʵǿ󵽣һͳˮ֮УһͷԤδĲǿߣԤδԼ˵δ
϶޵ģȹŮ󣬵һӦǲš
˭֪ԪȥټԪû˵絮ڣʮԪǿ񣬴ҲֻܻԪ̫ŵĴ˵Ѿû˿ȥ֤ʵⱾ̫Ӧ飬Ӧǿߣ̫Ӧ˵дģʵԣӦò㿼֤ʥأôó㱦һۣͿеĵЦЩˣΪԼӵûеĲŻˣԴӾ֮Уҵܣ
Ź֮ԱЦ˼
Ǽʶ̫Ӧ񣬵ȷһһ
Űʮ򣡡
һǧƷʯ
ֻ΢̫Ӧļ۸񣬾ͷһҼ۵ˣһһ
ƺһжŹ˵ˣЩˣ¶ΪԼǶһ޶ģŻˣ˹ˣܽ⿪̫Ӧܡ
̫Ӧ飬ʥض꣬ʥжٵţ֣¶оⱾ飬ܣҲʥصõˡ
Ϊǵˣʵ̫ˣ棬ΪԼˣ˶ɵӣһбֻܱõ
˵õˣҲ
ǧƷʯ
ܿ죬۸ǧ
һ£м۵˿ʼˣ˱ԥ˲ŹҶҲżȻЩõ̫ӦˣжԻ
ԭǻ٣ҲȷһţǸ߲ʥǿߣиģȻҲõıͨоӶƽ̫Ӧϵܡ
գ̫Ӧ飬һԽӽǧļ۸
ֻһı˴˵ĵ˾˵ĸ߽ףʵҶզࡣ


1850 ʯ
Ҷͬ˵ĻĶһǱ
һ飬ӵ޵Ĵ˵
ʵԣȴԵ׼ĵǧĸ߽ףҲʥΪóԭڡ
ͬʥصıбԴ֮еһ֣Ϊʯ
̫Ӧ֮ڣλ˶һУʯǻϵԴһ֣һЩ𣬽˻֣ȼգĻϵԴ˵ʵԣȻǻʯ
汦ĥȭҶȵСϵܣϷˣʯǺñ䲻ǻ𾫣̺ıԴϢҲʮ־˵ģ
˶õıҲᾡȡ籾ԴڳˣʯҶȻҪĵ
ʯڵ׼ΪǧƷʯɨ㣬ȵĿ⣬˺󼸲˴򿪱С
һȭͷСĳʯƯ͸žӨƻĶĿϢ
һͳˣǧһ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ǧİ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
һʥ񶼿ʼۣ˼۸߲ȴ汦Ҳʼмۡ
һʯʹﵽ˾˵ļ۸뵽õ̫񡢻𾫵ȱ̫ˣʯĻҶȿͳ⵰
бԴ˼ң
ȻȹŮӵ̾
ŹЦϵͨÿˣƿصģʯԻϵͨкܴ˵ǣҲõֻΪһʯĴʯЩ㣬Ǻʯʮϡ٣ֱҲֻͣ
õ¼ǣ
лᰶǸϲɽøҵʯ֪ˣܷŹ㣿ᰶҪһʥҪʯ
ŹһڷȹŮӵĺ⣬Եô档
ҶԻʯʼмʱͻȻԱߣһɱֵӣʯ͸ǣˣ
İɣں˵γɵĻϵԴȷ˴ͳ֣᲻ˣŹӰӦһ䡣
ǧƷʯߵͺһ֡
ҶȲǾ˵ʯŹĹϵŹᵽĺ塣
壬Ȼ塣
ŹâйҲҶȸеȣǰԪ֪̽һ֣ˮߣйϵҲ뵽
壬Ҳйϵ
䣬Ҷ뵽ںʥ֮£Ǹص̺࣬ɱʲôƻƵģѵǸ࣬ĸ֣
ɱ֯׿ڵйϵҶȿ԰ٷְٿ϶ںʥºӵһǿ࣬ĸ֡
ȻǺǱȪ̳ǵӦøΪĩ࣬ǽӴΪ󲻻Ǵ򽻵û뵽ǾкʱϢͱȥʮ㣡
õ˾ϢҶһʱ䣬˻ʯ
Сϵܰ۸ǧƷʯˣˣȥ۸²
һԵ汦ҶȻعʧپĻʯ
ɱ֣һֱھġ
תۼ䣬۸ͻǧƷʯ
𽥾ĵԽԽ٣ֻ⼸ʥڼۡ
ҶͻȻļǮȻۣǧ򣡡
Сϵܣ
汦׼һξģҲΪҶȲٳ֣ҶһڣͬУ㾪г
вѣһˡ
ǧ򣡡
ϷԵúܹϣ
籾ԴҶȱص֮ټ϶йϵǵõҲúı
ǧ߰򣡡
·ʥ񿪿ڣҶȽŰѼ۸ȥ
ǧ˰򣡡
ǧŰ򣡡
ǧ򣡣
Ҳǲã۸Ƶģͻͻһͻ˰ǧƷʯ
˼۸һ·һЩʥ񣬶òеˣͷ㡣
ĸ˵ҪǸȥȫƺܶ˶ΪȻõʯ
Լļ֣Ҳн
Ҷ汦Χˣ㵺ȴ£ؿڣǧһ򣡡

ˣȥҲ̫ˣʯļ۸Ӧǧ£ǿ֮УѰһǣ
˼۸һҲˡ
ֳˣһѻȸ
һᣬϵߣʯҶȣ϶űУӽҶȡ
Ľ£ҶҲóһö䣬Է˫֮ȷ󣬽ɡ
СϵܣǴǣǣֻǻʯļ۸񣬱ϣ߳һЩҲֵã䱦
汦Ҷȱʾףء
ʲôֵø˵ģǧƷʯһӣҶȳѪˣμҲͳ⵰
ıͬʥأΪ׷񽣡һﵽһλĲʥأƵķ˭ӵдʥأҲԵְɣ
֮Уߵⷬˣͬʱ硣

Ȼһλȴʥأƶɵĳ
˲ƷʣӾڣʥصǿǿһǺεȵ޷š
ڴĿУʥѾǾͷɴģ񡭡ǵڴ˵֮УֵܳĴڡ
汦̾׷꽣ճʱ̻ܴ𶯣ʥصһΣóԼƵ񷨱й
ֱ˶õɣҶӦһ䡣
汦Էθһ̾Сϵܣ׷꽣һñիõӵдҲʥؽԵ֣һñիǴ̻ᣬӵ׷꽣٣ʥҲ˶̻չˣ
⡭һҶȺȻ֣Ҫһ̻ᣬչ治ףҪѰһɽ
׷꽣Ժ˵˼ϡɣ
ǰʮһʥأһδ뾡취޷õʥصܣһõ׷꽣
ʱҶڰн
ǻŹҲͬ⡣
׷꽣ʥؾȻ˴󷽣ܰƵ񷨱óǸǹŽһκܺ˽ʥʵĻ᣿
СЩݹ䲻ɱҲܵǻӭн׷꽣ǣ
ˣᣬǹŽȤ׷ҲȤǵõ׷꽣
֮УҶͻȻһ㵵ĶԻ
ϸһͷŸӦ֮УʮǿʥǾȻʮǿߣԹŽ
̫Ҷ⣬һμᣬúˣˣŽ׷ˡ
ȻǰɱС
磬󶴸ԼâǶౣһЩ룬֪ųɽҲθ֪âĹϵ
ȹŮӵŴ
Źӵһʱ͵ãҲ㣬УӲâǰкܶ࣬һʱ˵ȻصһʥϸĽͰɣ
ȹŮ̫ˡϧߣǵĶ󣬸˸оȴǸö
Ҷȵҡҡͷ


1851 âԴʯ
֪ΪҺãİɣһâƲϵڱ񣬾õһʥĴУ
ŹһȹŮӣƴӣ˵ʲôʲô
âҰĲҲǵģǻñ磬ɽȺҸҵһʥҲʧ
ȹŮݺ˵һձŹһģһģܹȥ
λȲ˰ɣ׷꽣һλ񷨱ʥأͼۣһƷʯ
֮У
ΪߣαУʱһǳâ߳񽣣ϢƯһ֮С
񷨱
׷꽣
ͼ۾ȻһƷʯ
һ̶׷꽣Ǹֻ߲ʥֻ񷨱
ʮһʥأƷϢʮʥ񣬶ͷѪ˰ɣ
ϷŹӣҲϾ̾ΪʥҲǳɵ
һ򣡡
ɲǼ䣬һʥͳˡ
Ŵʥʼͻʥ񣬺ǰõһ񷨱˵Ϊмİ
һһǧ򣡡
һʥ
Ҷȷֳʥ󣬶ǿͣһʯʥóóҲԵõ
ͬʱҲҶȿһʥأµӰ
񷨱Ҷûж壬Χʥ񲻶Ͼģ۸һ·ˮǴߣﵽ˾˵һǧ
Ȼ֣ԶԶ޷񷨱ȼ硣
ֻʮ۸ʹﵽڣдʥھۡ
Ҳڲ뾺ۣҲļ۸֮ߣƱҪõϧ·Щʥ񣬶һǿߣҲֲ˱ˡ
֪ʱ󣬼۸ڣʱֻʣһھ׷꽣
ĸסͬľͷˣɵ˫ۣһ񷨱Ҫ֣֮Ľʺޡ
Сϵܣ׷꽣۸Ҫﵽҡ
汦֮ǰţ׷꽣۸ߵף̫˾ģҲã̫ʯȥһ񷨱
ҶȵЦڡһ񷨱ֵ۸Щлʥǿߣ
ǧ򣡡
᳡һȫѻȸľ֡
ΣҲҪ͸ΪϷҲͬ
ɱֵ
úãغõĶǹʥصģϷȻͬ⣬ǿԷſֽţ
һ
Ұһٴ˵֣ڣ
һʱ᳡ֻʣʥˣĸ֣Ҳò
·˹ۣǧ򣡡
ֱǧ롣
ڣĸ֣͸ѹƣһΣߵڣƷʯʱʥصĴ¶ڰ͵Ц
һӵ㴫ˣҪõʥصıˣǻҪΪ׼
һŮȴ㷴ԣͬƵģУǵõԴҵʥͨ
ǧ򣡡ŮѼ۸ߡ
Щʮǿߣһ˼õʥصıڴʥص⣬Ҳڿʮ
ȻҶȲ룬һں֣֮ҲԸ⣬֮֡
ˣһΣˣڣ

ŮӰ˼ȻԱ߼λӣʼȰû취Ҳۡ
֣ԸԳõʥصĳ
С֮߳ǰʯ̫ӦԵ΢Ƶģζöû𵽡
ҲӦһʵκαȲʵʣõͿͷǿʵʵȻõı
Ϣһ󣬽֮ٴ߳λߣһ֣̫ʥصıһּΪټıԴڳλܴ󲿷ֶûΪâԴʯ
ʲôԴ
˷
ϸ磬֪âԴʯ𣿡ҶȻҲһӣֻԱ汦̡
汦üͷһ󣺡û籾Դ֮࣬޷ͳƣâԴʯһ֣Ҳʮ֣
⵹Ҷһͷˮ
âԴʯ
ͻȻϷŹӣȻ֮û뵽ϡٵıȻʮóǱﰡ̫ʥء
磬֪âԴʯȹŮӽźʵ
Ź渵ֱԴҲżȻһżй˽⣬֪ģ֮УûжˣЩԹй˽ǿߣâԴʯľγɣû֪ϵգĳ֮ϣԪպӵһͬϢԳ꾭ɹҲͳΪ˱ԴâԴʯƷϣбԴ࣬бϡǧղؼֵâԴʯֵбԴ
ϡ֮
ǰҲǵһμشʲôӴ磬һЩ½΢âҲ㲻ʲô֮࣬񣬶޷ϸ֪
ŹӹȻʶ㡭Ҳ֪ϼ壬ԺηĴ½½ԭ½֮󣡡
ŹȹŮһԻҲҶȿ۽磬֮⣬Ҳǵˮ򣬻иӾ޴½硣
ͬʱڵߣâԴʯȻŹӣ˵Ĳҡ
᳡һηˡ
âԴʯһҪõҶҲ׼Ѫһβǻʯ۸񶨻ߵס
˴򿪱УͬʱһϹϴСʯǰͷųĹâûκαʯʯʯȡ
Ϊĳ֣â᳡֮ͬ£ֻһ㲻ͬʯͷųĹâȡ
âʯ
ȷĵر
ôһ飬ǿҵıԴϢƷȻбԴ֮࣬ѾһбԴһҪõۻʯһҪõ˱
Ӧ֮ܵâԴʯͷŵϢҶȾһȻںϵоôһ飬ںϴǧͼƷʻһӴвϲƷʡ
Ҷһ֣ںԴʶ֮УʶҲ仯һâԴʯʮͨСбԴ
ڴ˵бԴļֵҪԶԶ߹âԴʯ
ΪбԴâԴʯȴ޷д󲿷Ҫռȵȡ
âԴʯ۸񲻻бԴȻϡ۸ߣ˶ӵ֣ûжʵԵı
ҶȵУбԴǧͼõĲϡ
ᣬǰ
Ӣʦ֣ΪרΪâԴʯ㲻ҪȥˮѰһֱȻصʥأ˽λʥ񣿡
᳡󲿷ˣâԴʯ
Ҷ֮ʱһ㣬һ
һ𣺡ҷӢʥ񾳽磬Ѿˣʱ򣬳񣬶âԴʯǺǣã
ӢʥأΪ񣬴ﵽʥĳţ
벻˵֮ˣʮһľ֡
Ӣ


1852 
ʥ£еţҲȻ
Ӣ
ʥ֮УΪܳţ̫ϵӣ̤벻ʥʮжٹĴ˵
û뵽ڻ᳡֮С
֮ǰǸٴԷӢľ⣺ʦ֣âԴʯʲôãʦ˵˵Ҳʦܿ۽磡
꣬ҵķϣ͸㣬һҪܣ
Ӣ˿ڷ磺âԴʯգؾɣ̺ŨҵԪ֮
Ԫ֮ʦ˼ǡâԴʯ뱾ŵһںϣ
ˣ̫ʥҲ͵õâԴʯóΪ̫ʥڼᣬ£챦Ԫֻ֮һ֪ҺñһЩĿǰ֪âԴʯȻᣡ
ʦһҪõ˱
Ȼӵиϣ̤񣬳ɾҷӢиܣΪʥѡ
ôҰģ
Ҷһ̾ʥ䣬εȵʵӢȻԴΪĿ꣬ɼʵġ
ҲҶҪõâԴʯĶ֣ҲǷӢ
λâԴʯļֵͲ˵ˣ̫ʥصرǧѷĻᣬҲԺǵϣֵڶǾ޽еģĵ׼ۣһƷʯ
Ϸߣһӣĵ׼ۡ
Ĳ˽мۣһһǧ򣡡
һǧ򣡡

Խ˼뾺֮УҶһֱڵȴӢ֣ӢһֱڱֳĬȻҶһȴų֡
汦âԴʯǺܸȤֱ˶ҪԶ̻˵绨Ǯһʵݡ
ڣ
۸˲ڣҾĵ٣׷꽣ȴ˼Լֻһǧھġ
ʱ䲻ƣԽԽ٣Ϊ۸һ·ǵڣ
ڣ
㹻һбԴҲκʥڣӿԹ񵤡ȵȡ
ֻʮˣھģ۸쵽ʱֻʣ˻Ȥ
ڣ
Ȼһһ·
Ӣˣ
һȴʼۣҶҲˣֻһʥ񣬻ȤҲԥһ󣬻ǰѼ۸ȥһǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ӢֱӼǧȥ
ȻʥҲ˷ӢڱصõƣڻǷˡ
Ҷȴʱ¶Цݣһ汦ͻȻҶֱ飬ʱȴҶȵڱһ֣ǧ򣡡
汦ɵÿһ£ǵڶΣҶ޷ľٶ
ǧ򣡡
Ӣڡ
ȥҧŲţΣâԴʯҲҪõòԴҲֵá
ӢۣҶм˼Ŀ£ҶȵѼ۸ᵽһ߶ȣڣ
ǧ򣡡
ڣ
ڣĿУâԴʯļֵҶǱڣӢǧ
ҶͻȻѼ۸ߵڣ
᳡һʱ䣬žÿ˶˫âʯڱصõľģڣѾԶԶԽâԴʯļֵҲκαԴ
ʦ֣ô˽ҧŲţĪҲʥصĸ֣
ӷӢԱߣ֮ǰ˵˵Ȼܵͳ޷ӹҶȵĶ䡣
ǣϢǿ޷Ӧʲô·ӦΪߡû뵽ȥ
ӢԵú⡣
᳡Ȼ֮Уܶ˶ڵȴһֵıۣڲ룬һǸ᲻ٴۡ
ʱŹӵִãʮҲбʶâԴʯõͷֵУ޼֮ڣʲô
ϡõУȻͬ죬õҲкܴô
ôҺܴ󣬵ڣҪɡ
Ϸš
Сϵܣ⡭ڰ۸񣬶һȼ
汦һԣ𾪵˵ͻȻִӲʶҶһڣڻñիһʲС֣Ҫǣڿ򵽸мֵıҶΪƫƫҪâԴʯ
ϸ磬СܣİˣҶֻҸڷ¡
ǧ򣡡ͬʱӢһ봫
ʦ֣ȼ۸񣬶καˣ
֮Ա𺳵Ĳ
ʯʲôȱˣȻܷŹȻҵԤ֧Ҳ޵ģᣬһЩҪõıǳԤ֧ҲֻգΨѰΪ׼
ʦ֣߼۸Ƕ٣
ڣȴû뵽ˣһҪõâԴʯ۸ﵽǧ򣬴Žʮڰɣˣ۸ﵽʮڣҲֻգʮڡҶһЩ񷨱
Ӣڵһ䣬Ҷ֪ϸĻ
ڣ
ҶҧҧΪ˴ǧͼΪʵһҵ纺ʮʲô
۸񼴿ߵ˰ڣҶҲ߶ͨ壬ʼռд䣬ʻʵ۵ʯͯ׼ãϲĻҪӷ񸮻ȡ
ֻ֮Ҫʯˡ
ڸճڣ᳡ȫ֮Уÿƺڵȴһֻﵽµıᳬپ˵Ŀ
һԵ汦ֻһֹֻ֣Ҷȼۣڣڣſҵ꣬һó֣ҲԪˡ
һ뵽Ϊ˾ģҲͼڴȥ
ǧ򣡡
ȥڴ£һ·˷ӢֻڸĮ
ڣ
˻ع֮ʣҶһαۣͬ׺䶥һ㣬ÿˡ
汦ҲڱɫâԴļ۸񣬳׷꽣Ǵȥ»䶯Ȫ̳ǡ
󣬷ӢҲٴγĬκܹϣǧ򣡡
£еĿ⣬Ҷϡ
᲻ͻʮڣ
ʮƷʯڹȥļУٳ֣֣߽λ
ڣһâԴʯͻʮڣ
ɵã汦һԵҶȣ·𿴲͸Ҷʲô˴ļǮȻ
һϲ
ϲǣ
ʾ֭Ҳ벻ס
磬·ˣ᲻Ѽ۸ߵʮڣϷִȹŮӣżֺ
ŹЩɣӦûᣬһֱԵøӹϣ۸ӦûͻʮڣʮڡǶɽҲһܴ֣
ʮڣ
˵꣬ҶȾ˵עĿ£ƵᣬһڳѪҺڣǻ֡
ʮڣ
һ£᳡·һûˡ

ֻӢϵʾ⣬âԴʯ
ҶһɵöԷӢ࿴øӢ͸ʧ˳ΪʥؾţȻ˵
ϲλˣ
žžž
ŽϵߣâԴʯĹޣڳˣҶȱɽХļ
ţԱűУӽ羶ֱӶҶҲͨ׼õĴ䣬˶Է
ͬʱҲӹУ򿪱ɲǼ䣬˫۾ͱâ̵޷ۣΧܶˣĽΧȿֺ󣬽âԴʯҶȺܿͰѱ
岻ϲ
λԱҲں˶ʯһ£Ҷʩ֮󣬼̷硣


1853 ˮ
âԴʯˣһ飬㹻ѴǧͼﵽϲƷʣҲĪ
Ժڣͯ϶ܼ
ҶȾû泩ѣָоã㻨ʮڣֵ̫ˣеʯҲҪõ
ʯʲô
âԴʯڿôǧͼƷʣﵽΪȼĸ߶ȣԺʩչһֱоԴڵʶҲ׳٣һںâԴʯҶȵʵкܴɱ䡣
汦ҲҶȵأԣʮȻõĳǼ۸ԶԶ߳һâԴʯļֵ
ʦ֣âԴʯˣ
Ȼһ·һֱ뷿Ӣǿ
գѵ㻹ң˽ݣȻɳɱԽĹӢȻһŭ
ʦܲǸ˼ֻʦıߣȴâԴʯô˵Ҳ
̤ʥоͲͬ񾳽磬ԶãҼʥصľ壬ͨ˼Ĳغڰһ棬ͻ񣬴ļɵһ㣬壬ﵽʥ߽λĵã
ԭˡ
ҲâԴʯûԵְɣҷӢûâԴʯһ̤غξ壿
Ӣ׳һ䣬͸׳־ƵĻ
ʥصţأɾ͡治ʥһ䣬ʥؽǿɣ
ͷҶҲżȻȥӢĶҪ˽ˣ᲻ᰵ׷
ΪâԴʯҪ
֪
ļ̣ѵʧȫҪһţʲô˻ʥؽĴ£Ϊʮĵһ
ҶȶԣҲܵĳȻ֣Եʧ֪ʲôʱʼҪûâԴʯѵ޷ѴǧͼƷ
ûдǧͼѵԴڵʶԶǰС
ֻһֱãǸУӰ콫ıƷ
Ī·󡭡
˲䣬Ҷȸо᳡ֻʣһˣ˼֮У֪֪ԭ򣬴纺ʧйϵ
˵Ҳʦξйϵ֮оһ£ͯǰѹҪʶħγɡ
ѵѽӵʶħ
ԺСġ侲ҶȻָӻ᳡磬һ
һ̫ͬʥأ
֮У߼߳᳡ְ߸ΧһͬıԴ
ǱԴ
Ҷпһ£ոյõâԴʯһԴ
᳡˶ҶһĿڽ롣
߽ܵбԴһ֣һǴб֮Уˮ۶ɣΪˮ
ˮ
˷̾
УâԴʯȻѼϡȴʵãбԴͲһˣǵõԺ󣬿УˮϵͨĪȵȷ涼ô
磬ˮǶЩߣܴ󣡡
ʱϷִȹŮݺ
ȷˣߣˮߣ٣ͨһЩˮϵͨˮǰȷܴ󣡡
˼õ
ţкܴãõ֮󣬸ΪаãɲҪ֣еĲҪŽ£һʥãʱǸ֣
š
ŹӿˮڱصˣʣµʯҪõˮҪΪ⵰ˡ
˶ԻҶһʱһĶֳ֡
ˮҲҪõʯƷʯƷʯԼƷʯȫۼﵽڣʯˮӴûʣʯ
ʯ֮ˮ̺ˮľҶں֮󣬵ʱȥˮ򣬴߶֮еˮϵԴȻˮƽأ⡣
ˮ棬ٶȡʵͨʱҪȳ纺ϼѡ
ʶںˮȻ̺ˮϵԴǿʢڽݺˮòԶ
âԴʯҪˮҪ
汦֮ǰıԴжʮ֮࣬ľʯҲֻܵõ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ¶ģ᳡һõˮ鱦ϷԺŹӡ
ͨ壬һΰÿһöõĴ䣬Ѱ⣬ڳϱˡ
ˮˮϵˮ֮УԼģѰ½֮УǺ뺣бĵͼۣҲҪ߳бԴ׼ΪƷʯ
֮УöϱУ֮һƴСɫʯˮ壬ƯУоڲӵһ硣
һǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ڡ
۸񹫲ΧҲ޷סʼۣҼ۸ҲĵģһӴڡ
汦Ҳھ֮УóҲֱڱصá
һбԴԼ£ˮҪﵽڣһ۸񳬳ļֵ˶ȥѡ
ڣ
֪۸ѾһڣҶһֱδŹӵڵȴ֡
Ҳֻάһʱ䣬۸һ·ڡ
ѾɵӣȻˮѵõıϧ۸̫ߣ󲿷˶á
ڣ
ͻȻϷŹڼ۸ǧʱѸײڶ֮ƣѼ۸һǧ̤ڡ
һʱ䣬˶ܵŹڱصõľģ汦ҲƺʧȥģǸſһǧ
·˼ۣ۸ǧ
Ѿӽˮгۣ
ڣ
ˣǲҪ߼۸ʱ᳡ֳŹӣƵ
Ѿﵽˮгۣд󲿷˹Ϸֻʣʮˣۣ
һǧ򣡡
ڶǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ҶһԵ汦ʵڲݱȻѼ۸ǧ򣬴ﵽǧ
ҶһƳ汦ϱ飬ĳǶôţôϣˣȥΪÿһμ۸õ棬Ҫ۵һ֡
Źӣûиκϣ۸ȥڣ
һ汦Ѫв֪ʲôζԥһڷˣΪܵĵԷǲõˮݵƣٴۣҲܵõ
õתҲһ׬˶١
ǧ򣡡
ѡʱҶȾȻмˣһǰѼ۸һǧ
ҶٴĿ⣬汦벻ͨΪϰ壬Ҷ˷̡
Ҫˮ˼
ʱҶŹӵЦһۣڣ
ֻаڹʯһıʯڡ
ڣҶûԥֻѾò̫ʯһٴۣҪҵϧ֪ΪΣǰѼ۸ȥǧ򣡡
벻ŹӣۣѾˮΪġ
ʮڣ
۸ʱ˵ˣҶȶһ£Ǹΰ޷ݡ
ûŹӣͿԵõˮ
ڣѾòʮڣǰڣǿǿ


1854 ٵľ
ţˮ
ʮڣ
Źӵǿƣ᳡ѻȸ
գˮС
汦Ҷһǰ֣֮ݡ
ϲӣõرϷȹŮĴֵĵ
ȹŮӽŵˮĸͨкܴľ
ʮҲûаһˣıҲûʲôȤııܳϣЩ޴½Żı
ŹӰ̾䡣
Ҷ仰ȴ쾪ˣǲĴڣԽʮСĴ½ңԶ½֮ϣ
ϢҶҲоŹӼӴ˼ʶʮһ˽⡣
˵Źû飬ҶȶԽᣬҲʧȥ˺ܶȤһԴʧȥˮ֮ǰõâԴʯӵһԴμᣬҶûаһˡ
ϧ˻Σûᣬڳ񣬷ҶҲϸʯǿˮͲţԺŹӣʮڣȥһˮ
âԴʯˮ¸߼ۣ᳡˺ڴᡣ
ʥشı
Сһ󣬻ˣâԴʯˮ֮ʣ֮Уһ߳һСűУܵʥشıһϵƷ䲻׷꽣ﵽ񣬵ȴһϵĸ߽λʥƷʣ񷨱ûж𣬴Ҷ֪ԶǶôĻԻֻͣԶʧڼԪ֮УΪ񸫡
ҿУȻһȥֻһߴСĽɫ񸫣˵һ۸оǳµĲɣ
񸫴ﵽ˰˽λʥ䲻ǾŽλԲʥ£ΪҲҪԵʺÿˣҪ׼ΪǧƷʯ
ߵ˼۸
۸һ˼ΪεһĻȻһʱû˽мۡ
ῪʼδйһĻ
񸫣˽λʥԶϧͷ֮˶ʩչģЩ˷һ㣬ԶһںϣҲҪַϾԶŵҲԶŵ
˿̣ϷŹӵۡ
ǧ򣡡
ܿ죬˳ˡ
񸫣ԭҶ֮౦Ȥǿʱʹãϧֻһ滹е㲻ʵʣ˲٣ֻһС콣ǰ㱦һҶҲûж񸫶ģкܶ࣬ҪǵūҪ
Զž壬ɽ絽磬ҶȴδʺϾеı
ڵūûбʺеԼҵı
񸫻ڵļ۸񣬱˵õ
˽λʥǹϵʵ۸ԶֹڣĳЩˣʮҲߡ
ıҲʥأӦöȤһ񽣣ﵽ˶λ񣡡
УһһαС
λ
ڳˣ˲俴磬дʱһͭ񽣣棬ƺ֮Χǿ󣬴ﵽʥ񼶱ķӡͭʱᱬ˵ơ
˽Ϊ񽣡λȼƷʾͲ˵ˣ׷꽣ƷʻҪ߳٣
Ϊˣ񽣵Ĳ
λʥضԸóҶȰһ񽣣ȷһıԸӦǿϢ
񽣣ڷӢŹЩǿУͷųɽ
ÿֲһ񽣣
ſʼȻͳ˾
磬񽣣ȻǺñȺֱȻһѪȷ磡
С͵½½أȻƯˮ֮ϵǵ졢½أӵеԴҲǲģ񽣵ļ۸Ӧûﵽʮϵļ۸ЩʥΪ˵õ˽ػȫ
ϷִŹȹŮӵĶԻ
񽣵ļֵˣĵ׼ۣΪƷʯڹ˼۸
ǧ򣡡
ڣ
ǧ򣡡
ڣ
ǧ򣡡
׼۸ոչ󲿷ʥ񣬶ؾۣ۸ֱǧڣ˲ʹﵽ˰ڡ
һâԴʯˮ㱦ˣ׷꽣ķâҲ񽣶ߡ
ڣ
֮ʣаѼ۸һ˾ڡ
һֵȻֹڡ
ţۣ۸Ȼʮڡ
͸պ֤󲿷뷨ԸʮڣһҲԸʮȥһϡȴûжʵԵı
ղʵãȫ£ղǮ£˶ڵײ㣬ΪߣʵԲ
ʮǧ򣡡
ʮڣΪЩʥ񣬾ۻû뵽Ȼǧʼӣֻд󲿷˶ˡ
ʮһڣ
һ˵ļ۸񣬴һʥ
ҶѲ񽣵ļ۸񣬻˭ϣֻýʣһЩʯһڼ۸ϣܽܵıԴ
գ񽣣ʮڵļ۸񣬱һʥȥ
ʮڣ²вϲ񡢸߲ԣǸβŻӴ֡
ڴ󲿷ȻˣֻһЩԼĸ߽λ񣬲ŻӵС
ʥ˵ʮȻǸ֣Ǿǿõĳ񽣣Ҳû˵̣潫ܵơ
˻翿ðõһ
ıʥأһ籾ԴΪľһֺľʮҲֹֻΰˣ
һʼУҿʱһ߳·ƴһ顣
ľööⱦֱΪ죡ľһۣҶȾ¶˾ģҪõⱦ
ϧľϵıԴ˶еģǱľϵľϵ١
Źӵһ̾ûκ¡
ľ׼Ϊǧ򣡡ߵ˵׼ۡ
̾˿ʼۣ˶õҶһֱ侲Ҳ̾ϢΪʥصӣȻҪõʥصı
ڣ
˰㹦ľļ۸ڣ󲿷µˣپۡ
ҶҲϳۣǧ򣡡
ڣ
֪֮У֮ǰڵҶȱ̰֮Ѽ۸
һѲĶְɣ
Ҷ룬ҧҧľг۸񣬾ڶ࣬ѾˣӦò߶٣ǧ򣡡
Ȼ۸һ˾ͳĬˣҶȵģҲֱ治ϣľͬâԴʯ۸ԶԶʵг۸
Ҷԩͷ
ãԷȻûۣҶԶ֣ȥҲû˼
ǧʯپκαˡҪһ㣬ճʹã
ó䣬ǿߣҲѱ˹
˫˶֮ľͳҶȵ֮
ϲϵܣֵõһ
һԵ汦֪ǹϲǰгЦΣҶԸ߳г۸񣬹ʵԲı
ΪһУɵӾٶ


1855 ںâԴʯ
ҶӦһʼľ
ִͷųһɣŨҵζ
Ƿľ֡
żУʥءŵıϣмԴҶȶõϧû㹻ʯ
֮󣬵һĻ
Ҷ汦ص֮󣬾ūΪҪںľâԴʯԼʯֱ
ʵǵһλ
֮ҶȱȪɽһƬԭҰ֮УһɽѨ֮Уþ
¯Ҳһ߶βУҶȻһͨ壬֮У䡣
̫ҵ֮УҶȱ
Ҫֻ£ǧͼƷʣԴ
óõıʯâԴʯľÿһ̺ͬһֱԴǸƷʶͬâԴʯȻΪ󣬿κбԴ
âԴʯףҶѡľʯʼںϡ
¯Ȱѻʯ¯֮УͬʱôǧͼҲƯУܷȼա
ʯԣﵽ˸߲Լĸ߶ȣҪ÷ףͬʱҲâԴʯץһͷŷȼա
ľΨһһ֣óʱʡ
һľʯʣҲ쳣̣ﵽ߲
ںľҶȶԣӦò£ΪϣĽ֮Уһʮٵ
ں֮ǰǴ߶ա
ʮ֮ľгϢһɶͨɫ
ͣ
һѪľ֮ϡ
һƺӦҪں뷴ϾʥҶȵѪͬѰϢʢѡ
ľ˲ɼҵزҡΣҶִ߶ʮںԼѪϢһľ
һʱ䣬ľ֮УƢ㣬ȻͲҡΣʵʵҶȵѪ
ʮٰ£ľͬصĸ׻ͷŵĹתľԴ֮С
ԴڣľƯ֮УʶӦľ̺ľϵϢذľںٶȣȴʮֻҪҶȸʶľ
չ֮УҶȸܵľ̺ϢʶգҲԽǿҡ
ʯҪһʱ䡭
ںȥҶһҲﵽϲ֮ȻˣеϸڻҪ
ֱʯΪһҺھȻȥʱ䣬ûо䣬Ҷһڣ޷Уֻȫڻʯ֮ϡ
ʯѻΪһҺ壬ɲǸҶԼںϵģǴǧͼ֮С
ǧͼһֱڷ֮ȼգƻʯҺʼһǧͼ֮С
ǧͼӦʯӵеıԴϢӿգ֮ʣҶ̸ǧͼʯ׵ںϴǧͼ֮УôǧͼӼ̣еĻϵԴҲΪǧͼ

ں֮У𽥲棬Դǧͼڲ˻ʯ϶÷ȼգǧͼҪƷʡ
ȻԶȼհ֮һ֮֨֨󣬴ǧͼâҫۣǹޣһǿĻϢҲޡ
ǧͼѲﵽ߽λв񣬽ں˾޴âԴʯɱΪϲҲʮף
ǧͼɹƷʣҶȼ÷ȼΪ֮󣬻ҪںϸӲ˼âԴʯ
ʱ䲻Ϲȥǧȥ֮
һҶ̸¯ڵâԴʯڣ޴һ飬ΪһǧͼҺ塣
ǧ꣬ҶȲŰӵз£˵õǷӢҲҪʱ
СشâԴʯ֮з֮һⲿּƻʶգ󲿷ֶҪǧͼա
ǧͼȼ֮Ϣ޶Ʈ죬âԴʯӴһ𣬴ǧͼԵðࡣ
âԴʯƷʣǸڴǧͼĴڡ
˳˫Ҷȴ߶ǧͼâԴʯҺ壬ղ̫죬һһС
ҶƲ⣬ȫôǧͼâԴʯµûϽʱ䣬ҪΪΪ̫ԼǧͼâԴʯ⡣
Ҷйž޲ûκֻںâԴʯǧͼƷʣﵽϲ߶ȡ
ÿһζһ˼ǰ֮䣬Ȼǧȥ
кܶâԴʯҺûգǧͼ֮УϷȼգâԴʯ֮УƷʲϵͻ䣬Ȼﵽв۷塣
ǱԴǧͼһ֣Ʒʾͽ˾ˡ
һֻʣһ룬֪ھ֮йȥ˽ǧʱ䡣
ǧ꣬ںһâԴʯֻϲҶȣȻһ漣ǷӢǵȸ߽λʥǿߣںâԴʯҲֻڰ¡
Ҷ飬оϰɽһȺϣֻһֻϣոһظš
ȣ
ͻȻһֱâԴʯĴǧͼһҵĻ棬ƺһ㣬ڷȼ£ǧͼֿ̬ܿʼᡣ
ʱǧͼͷŵϢҶϲϢһ
ǧͼڴﵽϲƷʣҶΪͬ߶ȣӴԺҶȿԾ鷢ӿռͨ
һâԴʯҶڵΪֻôǧͼھա
¯֮УҶȾͿʼҪ֮ǰٲâԴʯԴ֮УԴӼ̣ʶѪӶâԴʯ
߶ΨһһԴһâԴʯ֮Դ̺̫âԴʯںϡ
ƺ̫⣬âԴʯһյ
һҶںâԴʯס
ԴâԴʯ֮ԴΪ߶âԴʯʼԴ֮ͷţںԴ֮С
ʶѪӣâԴʯֻٶȲ˰ˣ٣ǵıԴ仯
âԴʯں̫һ֮УҲѪ֮УҶȸоϢǿңٶҲ˲١
һԪûкܴӣâԴʯľֻΪҶȴ籾Դ˵Ԫ
ԴҲ֮ͨС
̫⡢޼˻ס֮Լ̫һ߶֮ӾˣҲΪҶȱԴǿԵøӾˡ
ϧôһ飬ҪǶһЩһУһںϣϲ߲ҲȲ˶á
Ҷ̴¯ǧͼȻâԴʯʣ֮һǧͼƷѴһλϲ۷壬ҶȵΪҲһλϲ״̬
μҲûعʥأΪµ˰ɣ
µӣҶȻѡʥ֮ڣһϹŶΪʦ񱻰Уͬѡ纺
һҶʥأ˿ɽҲںʥ֮С
µӵλ̫ϵƽȣҶϲ񣬾ӵ̫ϵӵĵλʵڵ漣
ҲģʱһϹŶѡΪӣҲҪܵǯƣз潫谭
ΪµӣûʧܴĶǺô
뿪䣬صȻ֮Уռ˵һλ۷壡
һôǧͼԶڲ¯֮УâԴʯҶ˲뿪䣬ֿͨʼ֮Уƴ񵤣պͬҪ񵤣Ҳǳˡ


1856 ̫ϵӣ˻
ھ֮Уǧͼɱ䣬ҶѪľâԴʯԴҶٴθӦأںϵĸӦǿҡ
ǧͼΪΪһʹҵʵﵽǰδе۷״̬λصʥأΪµӣ˼ɣʥҪԴҪԴʥҲӵ籾Դģ
Ҫҵ纺Ǳطâʼʥأ׳Լʵ
Ҫһ㣬ҪΪӢʥţʸΪһš
ҶȱҪʥע⵽㣬ŻֹͣܵչΣԼصҶȡ
ΪʥصǿһŵӣԴʲô
ֻҪʥͷΪɽΪġ
֪ȥҶֹͣУʱ䣬ռеϳ˽ʻʵۣǲٺʬ壬㹻ﵽ߲
Ȫ̳ǣҪԼ࣬кܶ󣬳żϽޱ

Ҷȴӵū˽⵽ʮ۳µ񵤣һ̻ҪҲԤ˲񵤡
ҶпʱҪͨ壬ʱʱ̿ھ񵤣ȫǹӦ
ھ񵤵Ļҹͣ񵤣û˻ĵ񵤣֮࣬ʱ䶼ǳһ֣֮Ϣһ©ȥʮڹŽ׷Ҷȶǵһʦ
Сϵܣʱðѵҩøϸ˰ɣ
֪ҶȻ汦뼸λԻñիĸ߲㣬Ҷȣ汦ֱӣżɽΪ񵤶
£뿪ڣ汦żϵǿ񵤣ۣǧƷʯǻñիǧһһʯҴӴԺ񵤣һñիֵۣ
֪ͶƼž񵤣μᣬҾͿԶõһЩԴ
һ۸Ҷǻڲ˱֪۸񲻷û뵽ﵽһڡ
֪۸϶Ƽš
ƶҲã˻ɣϵ񵤣ҶóһŲΪ棬óˣбȻʲôܡ
Ȼˣû⣡
Ҷȵڴ£ó񵤣ֵݸ汦
߰񵤽ߴһһ޲ڣҲһö䣬Ҷȡ
һʯ˼۸ϲò߲ҲۣҶĿǰӵеĲκʥ
汦ִӵū˽ӹǧ񵤣ô˻ᣬñիֵۡ
ͬԴΨ󣬶ֻĽμᣬǴ׬һʡ
ӣҶû³ȥߣ汦̻ᣬ̻ᣬγɺ
Ҷǣ̻Ȼˡ
̻ᣡ
ʹ߻Ҧף
ʮ˵󲻴˵СҲСڼԵ֣Ҷȴһݣ̻򽻵
Ҧ뼸̻ĸˣڵķ䣬Ҷϲ裬ҲŲ³̻Ŀġ
ȻǺ
̻ʵҪñիһ̻ᣬҶҲ⣬᳤̻ںȥϾ̻ᣬ֪֪ס
ҦҪἰˣҪ񵤣ĳμᣬר񵤵̻Уһƥ̻Ҳš
ԺҪƼֲ񵤣ҪʥأҺ
ͻȻ䣬ҶȶڣһԶĹ滮
Ŀǰ޷ʵУƻзչȥǿ߾һԬΪҲһ߽λĸ߲񣬲סĵˣһΪٴﵽʥ߽׵
סˡ
˫Ǣ̸˳̻󣬴ɺϵԺ񵤣ʮۣϻñիһ̻ᡣ
Ҳ̻ƷһĹģͬӣԺ󲻵񵤡
Ҧһ˸ߣ汦žˡ
֪Ҷ̻ȻЩ⣬ף̻ʵ޷ﵽҶȷչҰģһۣ֪ܲ򵥣ҲֻĬĬʵ
Ϊ汦Ҷǰµ񵤣һʱ䣬һñիۡ
汦һЦݣȥ
Ȼؾ֮ǰ̻ᣬǶ̻ᣬһ̻һҶȻǻῼǵģĿǰΪ޷ƹ񵤣Լд̻ᣬҲл
һʱ䣬ͽҶҪȥѰ֪䴫һٷóһǰ˻ӵٷ
˻ԴƵӷ𣺡֣ҸյȪ̳ǣһ𣡡
֮Уһڵľ¥
Ҷūȥһ֮϶
һʱ֮¥ǰѸӦ˻ӵϢھ¥߲㡣
˻߻һǿߣ
Ų㣬ҶȸӦһᣬ治а˻ӣһ˻һϢǿߣʥصӡ
Ҷ˫üһ˻ϢøˡĪǣʱ䣬ͻƶ߲Žλһ̤񣿡
񣬲ҶڵΪκθ߲ϢΪԸӦΨԿԽĸ߶ȡ
ʹ˻Ȼ߲񣬴ﵽ񣬾߼󣬸һ
֮󣬷һֻһ˻ƱߵİۣվſڶҶ΢Ц
ϲӣͻ񣬳Ϊʥ̫ϵӣ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˻ӱʾףء
˻һʱЦ֣۹⣬ȻֻɲǼ䣬̤ܿ񣬽˵
Ҷ֮뷿䣬̾ͼϷȻһŮӣŮӣΪҲﵽ񣬸ҶȸоΪȰ˻ҪǿĶࡣ
һλʥص̫ϵӡ
λʥص̫ϵӣ
˻ӲδҶȹܣǽŮӵ֣ͮ
ʱҶȻΪ˵ߡ
ڣߡ
ͮ˻ӽʦܣλͣǲ򵥣о˵һӡ󣬿ƽֻǸϲ񣬵Ϣڣ޷͸ظУһʦʦ˲ţԺкܴ
˻ԵüΪʦ㣬ȷǸ˲ţΰҴæͬͣһʲô󣬻ģ㣬ΪͣͬҲ˵Ҳһ
ԼԦԣʦ֮ǰᵽˣֻҪʦܴͬЩͣҲһĸ㣡ͮ˪Ӧһ䡣
˰н벻˵һУҶʵʵ
֣ѵ֪ڼгɼ̻ᣬ˻̿ҶȣԼΪ
Ҷֺܵ͵Ҳǫ顣
˻ְѻתƣʱ䣬Ҫڴ̫ܷʽǰ㣬úڸʱ
ϲӣϲ̫ӣҶȱȭ
ʦȡЦˣһ׻ʳ̫ӣʵʿУ㲻ʲô˻ʾҶ£ֿͮΪ
ͮƳһҶȣ¶ǳǳѣ̫ӣ߸ϣʦ̫ǫˣʥ˵ʦܵҪԣҪһ̫ϵӣһΪ˻ʵۣλߣʥأһλĻʵۣΪʥصϹŶʦҲҪԴΪŬĿ꣡
ʦǰ׳־
˻ͮһֱڽҶȴδ˵ʲôȫȫǸˣ֮Ҷȱ˸ڣ뿪䡣


1857 صİƤ
һܿȥ
ĻҶȴŵūˣΨ󡢻ñիع
˴Ҷ˻ӹ֮ͨ󣬾ģ󣬰˻̰аţҲڿʼ֮С
Ԭ鱾ʯҴӼżȻõģӦʥĴУ
Ӵ֮ȫҪԬӹܣҶȼŵū뿪عʥأõūС
ڣҶóڼᣬõıʯԬ
Ԭһʥıʯޱȣ߲ΪھܵõʥĴУٶʵȵ
źһУҶȾʹŵūʥأǴ֪Զһż֮УΪӽϲ
Ӵصʥأ߶ǧͼֻǰʱһ룬ǧͼƷʵõҲҶϵ޷졣
һʱ󣬻Ҷȵ֮еȴ
ҶͻϲĽǰϲҶȾҪΪµӣλ̫ϵӣ˿ɽ
ҶȲδϲϢ֮ȥΣʥĴӣҶȥʥФ
ʥ
ȻǰΡ룬ҶȴɽŵɽʥĿ⣬ƺҶȳΪϲӵϢȻʥǿҶȵĿ⣬ȫһˡ
֮УҶŴӽ룬ֻФϷԱһĪ
Ȼﵽϲ񣡡
ĪФ˴ףʾҶ¡
ФһȣȻ޷ҶȵҶȣûйŵڴ̤ţʱ䣬²һ̤ϲ񣬶Ҵ໹ԼŬջҵʮο
Ҷվչޱģɽ磬֪ʿ淨򣬼Ȼ̤ʥأҪΪ̫ϵӣΪʥصĺģ
ƣȻͬʿһԵĪЦݣֵǰһ̤ʥأǾѸӦͷŵϲϢڻҪʵֵŵԣΪһϹŶµӣ
ҪΪµӣҪԵ֣ҲҪԼ컯һϹŶΪﵽ˽ӽľ磬ˣҲĪҶȣ׼ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ф¶ޱȶ顣
ĪҲһվ˫֡
Ҷ֮ĪФһ֣ʧûΪһƬ޾޵ǿտռ䡣
ûκʣֻգ
ʥȻӦûʥأӦòʥʥһܵռ
˲Ϣռת䣬ƶգʥĴͨҲ޷ӵȵͨκˡʣ˿֮ģһռ֮ڵһУữΪС
ΪʮһʥأǸе
ϻ̧ͷ޵ǿգһ֮ФҶȵͷǰǰҲһޡ
öɡ
֪ȴ˰ʱҶȸӦʱգֻϣԼΧ̽ĴڣǣܿһɹԪʱΧĽ͸
ţһߵ˻ɽĵ𣿡
ϻۣ
һɽĵӣǣҵȵԪ֮£ܱ˷ȣ
ߡɽķߣǻϸԪһߣֵܣϧ׷
ͬԪ֮͸ҶǿԪܵвһϹŶȻҪ͸Ҷȵ
ǣҶôܸǿ͸Ԫޱ߶ߵһ¶𶯡
߶Ԫγһ̵ķҶȲɵӣӲɵɵվţһϹŶԪ
˼ǿûУСһ޷ȫԪγҶ޷Ԫ㣡
ϧҶɽߣûж£
֪ʲôʱ޵ʱ֮ϣƯһ޵ӰԪӰϰٵ֮ࡣ
Ҳ˵ʥϰ٣ﵽ߽λʥΪϹŶ
ôֲһ֣һͿԻ
ӵĳǸ̫̫Ļʺң
һŮӵԪӰȻʧȥ
Ф߳ԪӰʩλҶԪ֮Уеλɽ֮һ
Фϵܰⲻݵԭ򣬶ûԵ֣һۣ֪Ҫĵӣ
һԪʧ
ȻҶ϶ǣһԪӰȻʧȥ
һûʣ£
Ҳ˵ϰϹŶ֪ΪҶȿǣΪνԵ֣ȻûһҪҶΪµӡ
һĻФĪϣδϵģӹʥʷϣ״Ρ
һ̫ͻأٶҶȶԣͻȻʥݲ׼ʼһϹŶһֶָƽƺһжûƵġ
ĪФвϹŶûлӦǿٴߴһ£Ϊԭ޷ҲҪǿһΣ
ֻˣʥأܹҶȣҲʧȥΣФҶһۣЩ
ಣಣಣ
˻Ųͬ飬취֮ʣͻȻһƷʱ
ĪФʱϿգϿʼ¶㵣Ȼǲš
ҶȣȻܲԪƷ˵һԪʱգԪΪȻԸӦһϢƷˣҶû˿Ӧ
ּФĪ¶ɫûףѵʲô鷢ɣ
һ֮Ф߿׵㣬Ȼ⡭
Ӧ֡ĪҲž⡣
ʱִȻһӰˮ沨Ƶģգһһˡ
ͷŶǰɫģٿЩҶ𺳣ΪʲôˣһƺðֽɵİƤˡ
ûѪ⣬ֻһŰƤȻγ壬ҲϸµһʮµӣΪȫǰƤȥûκα顣
ƤȻʲôŤһֲʵ״̬ȴԵðʵλϣ겻ˣ϶ﵽʥ۷ľ磡
Ф̾û뵽ӦֻͻȻǺܶˡҲãʥػʥ˻ǰЩˣЩˣѾȥ
ߡӴ˾ҵµӣ
ƤƻһȻҶϡ
ҶȻڣҲоƤ˵۹⣬û˿ƣƽòƽĿ⡣
Ƥ˴ۣ㿪ʵʲô
ҶȣǰܶԷ˭ȻѡΪµӣĵʦ
Īʾ⣺ǰӴʥţҵĳʦ֣ʦ𣬻һʦ
ʦҶٴƤʩ
λϵܣҶԣͲþʲôʽһдӼ򣡡
ƤɨһۣȻſԵøˣֿҶȣʰһ£Լ֮ġң
ಣ
Ƥ˵꣬Ӷȥʧʱա
Ӧȥϣ͡
֮ġ
ҶԺʮͼûк֮ĵĽܣҵŽ׷ͼҲδһ˿ջ
ˣ
ҶȰһ̾λϹŶӻĥΣӴҵĵʦͬʦֻҪԺʥأԶֹϵ˵ʲôˣФĪϣ˿Ϳ


1858 Ӧ

Īһʱʧգۼ䣬Ҷȷֳϻصʥ֮С
Ҷȣ£
ФĪϷҲҶһ¡
϶һۣȻóͫžþ޷ƽϢľȡ
þ֮ФſҶȣ֪컯ãһжעģǶûϵһλϹŶ㣡
Ҳɻ󣬲֪λϹŶʲôݣҶҲһ档
˵ºܳǼ򵥸һ£Īһ̾ȻɫΪӦ顯
Ӧ飿һİϹŶ
ĿǰΪֹʥصϹŶҶֻ֪飡
ӦʦŲ޵ʱ̣ܶԪǶ˲࣬ƫƫǻʥ񣬵Ӧʦ֣ȴѴﵽǱ֮Уٵ֮һҲʥصм
ĪܵϸԪڣӦʦȻﵽΪʱʥ֮УΪܳǿߣʮȻڵ䣬һͬѡΪʥѡˣһЩʧȥ֮λ֮󣬳ʱֻмη¼ŻعʥؼΣλѾʮˡ
ѡĴڣ
£ɰҶ˺һ
Ӧ飬ΪֻһϹŶ֮Уӵǿʵһˣ˿Ϳ
Ҳ벻Ӧ龹Ȼ䣬һͬѡ֮λ
뷿ӢͿ뵽Ӧ飬Ƕôɣ
ʧ֮λӦʦֱٲʥص񣬾ǰκθ߲ݣҲϣǶףĿ֮Уֻ֮λףҲȻףҲȥӦʦ֣ڰ˷
ФҲڣҶȣ㽫ΪµӣĴţҲҪ֪һ£ӦʦϸԪ֮ĩʥأϸԪﵽΪԪΪѽӽҲãһԪвŴﵽЩŰɣҪʵǣ󣬾ԪԴﵽ񣬴󲿷ֵһԪﵽʥѾˣҪﵽҪ򡢲಻һԭҲԪʮ֮УȻв٣ܴﵽģֻʮǵ䣬Ҳδ̤룬ʥص䣬ҲȻΪ
һԪŵ񡭡
Ҷ𾪲ѣĴ̫ˡ
ʥ񣬶Ҫ벿񣬲һһ󣬴²񵽴ʱܶΣǿʥ֮ٶȾˣÿһ磬Ҫǧ꣬ã˵񣬵ҲӦʦ֡ǵ䡢ԼʥصĴǶǿһԪڣ²񣬴ﵽľţΪΣܳΪһԭ򣡡Īŵһ
ӦʦʮڹŽ׷ҲպգֻҪǿߣ֪ӦʦֵĴڣӦʦֵӣĸһƵʿзͨ뷨涼ص㣬㽫òҪ̫ԣ
Ф֣ӦʦֵԸܻҶȴУӦûᴫҶһЩͨȻԼУ
ҲǰԴʧȥ֮λӦʦֱʲô¶ϣҲֻ̤񣬲Ψһ׷󣡡
ˣһ㣬Ҳйأ
ФĪһ̾Ϣ֮ФͻȻ뵽ʲô˫ͫ͸Ľ֮ɫϸԪӦʦҲʥصйģҲӦʦйͷ֮ġǾͲˣΪͬɽ纺һĹҪһ棡
ŶҶȸе⣬Ӧ飬ᳶϹϵҲϸԪʱʮľˡ
Ӧò֪֮İɣĪҶȡ
ҡҡͷ
Ī֮ܵģ棬ؽ磬ˮһЩɢ֮ӵϸС½ذ飬ģҲֻһЩ֮࣬ǸΪյĵطǿߣͬǿٷһռɽΪһʥأҲȥЩϤˮ򻷾öԸ
ӦʦֿǴĳˮպں֮Ϣ
Фֵ˵ʵҶһȥЩĵģϾȥ·;ңԶ·ϾΣգǺ֮ģգ
λϷģȻʦõӶǰȥʲô⣡Ҷ˵ĵģԵúġ
ΪɽߣĴǣ
Ī޲ڣȻ֮䣬ĳһö䣺ڳΪµӣʥҲҪúýһƷʯڡƷʯǧϲǧţϲ
ʯƷʯ
ʱҶһʵ̫ˣΪµӣȻӵƷʯĽϲ񣬰ճ˵ʯϲңɼ֣Ǹ߲Ҳһ֡
ǳΪµӣʥֱӽôʯ
ǧϲҩ
ǧţҶԣһС֣ʥؾȻ
ĽȫҶȵԤϣ˷ڸܵʥأҪصס
ĪѴ佻Ҷȣĳ˵ҶȣЩҲʲôµӣ̫ͬϵһҪǴʯԼȥһЩԼаıʥҪıҾãʯãѡ񣡡
лλ϶ҶϸĹգҶȹʾл⡣
֪ʥػ٣ǻھܣǳΪµӣѾΪʥصصӣǰһһء
ĽʽǵپٰɣʱĴʥأ֤ĹâˣˣҪʲôֱʥǣΪµӣȥκεһЩƿռ䣬ҲµµƣȥϢһ󣬲Ҫż֮ģ
Ф෬ĿҶ뿪
Ф֣֮ǰҶϣøɽõһУӦʦֿУӴ˾ʥһԱ
ЩͷֻǵӦ԰취ĳɳǸӹţԻϣõЩɽ磬ĳɳǵԤϣʵһţΪµӣһţʥضԣܣʥصһУֻҪǿˣһжʥصģ
ϧӦʦûԻһˡ
뿪֮
ҶʩչߣФĪĶԻ
ˣֻҪʥزٵһߣʥΪģչȭš
ص
Ҷȱʱ͸ˣ֪ҶȾȻΪµӣһʱŻع
̫ţŶ꣬ҶȾȻһתۣʹͨӣΪ˿̫ϵӵµӡ
һ㣬ӴҪҶϣ飬ѾʵˣҶѲʽӡӢӡ
ҴӴ˲ҶҪ࿿ҪҶȣ̻ᣬļ壬Ҫ£Ҷȡ
ۻһ֮ҶֽһЩԪ񵤣άһϵ֮뿪Ȼְѻ﻽
˲ٺôͬΪϲ񣬻֪Ҷµݣ㼤ô̱µء
ʦܰµӣµӣʦֵĵλˣֻûʵȨǵĹ£
һ󼤶뾡취ҪҶȻġ
磿
ҶȵһЦͷβûеǶ֣


1859 һ
Ϣ죬Ҷ׼뿪ʥأ֮ǰҪȥһ˻ؾȣع
عжʥأͬĵһˡ
˲Ϣ˻ؾȡ
£ᡣ
عΪȻ޷ӦФĪֳǲĴڡ֮Ҷ
֪ΪΣᣬоһֳζ
ҶȣϲΪµӣ
عһصĵۣͬ׹ʿϣûһ˿ǿϢһ֡
Цݶ崺磡
ʾҶ£һһײ輸֣ͷһȻָһ֮УһɹΪһҺ֮ȼա
һṦ򣬲ðڹعҶһſڵܳΪӦʦֵµӣ컯ʥ֮УΪ䣬ܵУͬʱҲ㣬ΪʥصһԱΪɽķߣʥػչʾŻ֮ء
ҶƷһСڲˮ֮󣬾ȻԼϢȻӦӻһһȥԵӶԣֻҪʥزӣԶʥصһ
㵹ֱӣʥؽζ㣬õʱ֪ʥȸ㣬Ҳ޻˵֮ڣְʥصӣŻа˰꣬췣֮ۻٴοʥҲѡһЩţһЩҪԱԷʽΪ࣬ϣŬ⼸֮㽫ʥأҫ۵ŵӣ
췣֮ۡ
ҶȺһû뵽ⷽ棬ȷӦǿ췣ۣ֮棬úһ£Ȼƴ췣֮۽Ҫʼ취Ӵ۶
ʱƻϣˮ磬췭ظ
췣֮һżδ췣֮۵ÿ˶лԣһѵĻᣬΪؾȵӣϣܴ߳ȥվߴʥسԽʥأ
ʥأǨʮ֮ǰһʥأûκһʥأʥʷȣʥûԭ࣬ʥصһʧȫȵȣϣÿӣ㣬Ϊʥ֮ˣʥ̫ãûֻϣʥָܻʢ󣡡
عưҶȵѣϸĵض
Ҷһԣţ֪ΪΣоع죬кκ
Ǻйģ
ӷ絽磬ҶȶǲΪӪıκˣҪ¼ɡ֮ˣӷ絽磬ҶȷֻعоȻûһʶ
ڷ磬ôˣΪ٣Ҷȶнģɽ磬ֶ̤죬ȻڴʦξԼֶ۰£ֶС
ͷβԶۡξŷ֮ģۣǶΰˣԼ֮иҶȵĽ̫飬ҶҲһЩ
ҶԼ޷ͣ
֮ҶȾع𣬷ؾȡ
뿪ʥ֮ǰФһȻŵūɳʥء

ؽڽ֮УҶó񵤣Ԭһʱ䣬ȴо˻ع֮󣬰Ѿ뵶ū䣬ʽ֮ĳʮ
λʮ룬ҪΪʥصĹϵҪﵽ֮ģҲҪʮʱ䣬ʥֻҪˡ
Ҷӵдǧͼٶȿκʥ񣬵ͷ̫˵ٶȣڼʦӦ飬ҲҪһЩ̡
ô˻ᣬҶȷһξ룬㿪ʼȡڵصڴǧͼ֮УΪ꣬һȥ֮Ҫܳʱ䣬ǻĻһ£ϲΪͿԴ߶ǧͼ󣬴Ӻ֮Ļصʥء
ٶȣȻﵽ񣬿¾һٶҲﲻ˾ˡ
֪ʱ䣬ҶѾԶ룬޴֮С
Ƭɽ֣һ·һѱ׹֮С
طԹգǰһƬɽסҶȵĿ⡣
ݣ
ɨһʱ֪һ棬ͻȻһ
ƬɽȻһһ·ҶȲ֪ٵɣƬɽҲһĵڡ
Ҳ⣬С
ԽҪʧİʱҶȴٶȣΪӰ֮Уоһ΢Ϣ
ǡɽ磡
ʲôԪǴһֽηͷųģ͸ɽϢȻһɷߴɽ磬ıͷųģһɽķɽ籾ŷ̤磬һΪ
ͻϤɽϢҶȲ뵽ն졢Լ󣬻ǿߣķƳԿ칬ͥȵȻ档
ɽһУһĻĻ췢ظǰ
·կһţвǿƽ֣
һֻһţжٱ֮ǰӳǸӣֳֵ񽣣Ǻ
ˣ
ߵȻȻķԼལ壬Ȼɽ֮Уһɱ
Ҷ֮һղŸӦ׽ͬɽ磬ͬڣҶ֮ġ
ಣ
һɽ֮С
ͷŸӦɽмϢڲղԴʮ߲Ϣͽλһʮ֣ͬһȥ
ӦǰԼһͽ׸߲Ϣ٣ڼٷУٶȸȲϺЩ֣㣬ͻᱻЩɷĸ׷ϡ
߶֮Ҷȵٶȣﵽ˸߲񣬻ûд߶ߣԼǧͼ΢΢ߣҶȵٶٴһ
κһɽգֻ·һͷɢѪ꣬Ǳطǰء
ϲһ΢ɵϢӦþǵõǱ񽣵Ϊһߡ
ôܣҶ̫һλߡ
һͽλ߲ôϸԪķߡ
ֻΨһĽͣ·꣬ͨԵõĳһλߣĳص񽣡
կҵһšǧͬţ
һӴܣһ溬ŭɱ֮ݶڴϧֻһһλ߲ûͬţסš
ϣֻҪһ죬һҪկΪʦֵܣԼ𣡡
ꡰͻȻ̧ͷ˫ͫѪ˿·ҪħƵģΪѪȡ
ӣ
ͻȻϢӺԶЦ
찡ѵһţҪңʲô죬Ψʵʵ춼ԻկҲǵϡ
ͻȻڹ·֮ϡ
ӣ԰׶ûпһۺ󷽣һץһͨף룬ȴǽɫ񽣣С
һ͸ķâ
ʮκεطһ
ջӶ񽣣ָŽ˫ң۴£֪֮УָȻģָָѪ֮УһԸǳΪһλǿĽʿεıҾȻҪԼĽ¡һûˣʦ֡ʦܡʦҲˣ𾴵ҲŻʲô˼նսնҵĵ;ɣ


1860 ֺ
˵գһת񽣽棬ԼŴ
еĽɱԼģԼµˣһʿĽʿҲҪֳ˶һ̣
ڴʱΧһĮ
ĺȻһ裬һһ⣬ͻȻҲա
ϧҲʲôҲûУһȴ࣬һ꣬ɫƯڰա
կˣһɻ󣬴Ű֮꣬Уδй˿Ϥ
ҶȣֶĿǱ񽣣ܺõһѽͷԼĹâʮ֪˭˽Լ
ΪҪɱǰˣãã磬ҲһԵ֣úУĪ˷ǰý
ҶԵĪ⣬鲽̤˾Ͳˡ
ͻȻ֣Īʧ춼δعԺֻлҲҶ˭ֻסòʩչȫա
СӾǰ
ǿߣʮ֣ԹһƬƬɭ֣ɽۿҪȥ֮ǰڵλá
ڴʱͻȻ˷̳ϰ޽
ݣ
ʱ춼޽Ϣٶ֮죬֣Լٲָ߽λ߲ǿ߿ԷӦ˷׷޷ֵ
ͣ
޽̴ڴʱһֻС򣬴Ѫ֮г֣ſС죬һ߾ʬҲûСֻܳԡ
СģصĽӦϢҲҪ
ʮˣ˲˴롣
ʣµĶǾӢٴУëֱγһ󷨣ΧʲôҲûеİա
úץסλᡭ
ǷҶȣҶȾһ࣬Ҷȿɲٶ֣鷳ֻסЩˣֱǸһţΪĽʿܷɵԶԶġ
Լһ㹦ҶȲŷߣǰˣҲǰ׷ԭһֱҶһ
һŵʱҶһ£һŵȷţѪȣţʲôկɱ
ֻһӳ죡
꣬ʣ֮·̣յͼӴ˾ʽʮ򣬴඼ǲë֮أҲ֮ء
֮ǰɭָɽ޾·û˾ͷ
һµͼѾȫ֮ء
ʮ඼֮أȴһΪɣΪħšʮʥأһŵĴڣҲӣϴȪ̳ǣҲħš̻ᣡ
ţ꣬ҶȻٽӴ
֮أһħţΪԭ̫ƫ룬֮شδдУ
ħžһ࣬ΪħҲʮٵħ
ħŲһħײдʮҲֻһûиӡǱʶΪħž׼ħ
ϴμᣬҶȵǼʶʮСС󲿷ֵһҶδ֪ġ
𽥵ģҶȸӦһЩħգΧĳЩط̾һЩʿǱޡ
Ѿħŵ̡
ܿͼ࣬һ嫵ɽ֮ϣһƬĺɫһ̽籣š
Ӧħŵĵ
֮ҶȾѷɳħŵĵؽ磬ȻܸӦħʿϢȻżȻҲǳأǵ۹Щܶħƿء
¹ȥҶѾԵûޱȵĴ֮У޵Ϣʼֳ
ʿϢǰƬӦͷĻļɭ֮С
Ӧ֮УҶȷǿ͵ϮȴȻӦʿպûǰ
ϴλֱܶ඼ҵޣصǼ֪һͷǿĵޣǼֱڸֹˣͲڻΧ
ǵһҵͷޣ˵ǼпܣһΪĻ
ҶȾ͸Ӧ֣Ͳ·ɭ֮УǰһƬϨĻֺ
ʯ콵һֱȼγɵģǰƬ֣ƺҲһ𣬲ܳȼա⼸˵ĻҲ֮Уһֻ
ٶ
ⲻҶõģ
ޣˣˣϴξڵ޶õһС𾫣ޣרɻУ˱ٺ٣ֱֺˣ
̫ˣбԴһ࣬۸ң󲿷õóô˵ʯ඼ǿðաѰұ
Ҷ̿񣬷˶ʮңΪҲͽλ䶼񣬵Ǳʥص̫ϵӣǾҪѷɫ̫֮࣬
Ϣһ󣬾ͿʼҶȺȻ֣Щڣٶ̺˻ϵԪϢǶ˻ϵ
ֲû
˺ܿȼյֺ֮ǰʩչͬĻ֣һԵýޱȣȼյԼڸ߲жΣȻû̫вҲȥӴ
Щ߼Ҳ֪ˣʱԽôĻ͸ͬΪ𾫣඼ǸոγɵģеĻƷʺܸߣ񣬶ϣ߼
ҶûʩչκηнײķӵзϢЩ𣬸˲ᱻ
мɸ߲񣬻ϢĪǶѰͷޣ
֮УΧһſȼյľγɭ֣ʮޣֻƾӦ֪ҶָоһЩʿϢ
Щľȼ֮󣬿ںܾ֮ҲγһĻɣ
һȼľ涼ѳΪҽΪǣڲľʣ̺һЩϢ
Ȼ£׵
ಣ
Ҷ֣ǧף׼ٸһᣬͶѰҵޡ
ͻȻһӰͻȻܳ
ҶһӰſ죬Լʮɣԭһ͵ĻߣһƬҶײ֮βͶʱϯɨ
ϵޣʵǲﵽ˸߲񡭡
֮УȻգҶȺǣߣȻܷϢΧֻһϵ񣬶ӦϢһ߲ޣȴ
أ
ʱƺҪŭˡ
Ҷʾ֮£һɶС壬סβ;ײӦǣֻ򣬱ײɶȥû뵽˹
ߵβ˻ȥŵޣͿʼ
ء
ֻСͣȻСβͣƺ۾ڶǰ޻ߡ
֪ΪΣ޻߼ޣȻһֲսӵζ
ٿ
һͲˡ
ಡ
ߺ棬޾Ȼʼ»ߵβ߷ˣͷ˹޼ӿٶȣߣ޶ʱȥ
ಡ
ң˻֮ҶΪûʲôˣͻȻ˶С죬³һŻӡ
ӶʱҶȡ
޵ڵ
⣬Ǻ⣬Ҷû뵽ôʶ޻ߵоȼյڵڵ֮УȻ̺ߣĻ
Ҳ˵ںԴʶҲʶϵ


1861 ѹ
ޣĺãĺã
޻صҶȼܵҶȺһޡ
֪ҶȼҪбҲ뾡һ
ڵ봢֮Уȵõ˻һͬںϡ
ֻ֣ʵľΪ棬ȼճƬֺȥԪ𣬱ػᵮĻ
жʮ֣Ѱҵޡ
룬Ǹ޴пյشûľַ״̬ط׵ԨҲһЩԲεĵض͸ž˵ĻϢ
龻֣
ҶȲǰЩ֣Ѱҵޣһʩչ龻֣һڻ֮зС
龻ֵ֣޵Ϣʼ龻ָӦ֮С
֮еޣ󲿷ֶӵлϵϢģҶҪӦɻϵϢŨҵޣϾһǵޡ
Ӧ죬֮УҶȸӦͷССޣеʵֻ²евϲ񣬴඼Ǹ߲
߲ڸʥأǺĵӸеһʥؾӢЩ֮أҲڴˡ
ˣһĹǿĻϢֱĸһӦǵޣ
Ҷȼӿٶȣ߶ǧͼٶȴﵽʥ
ಣ
һƬȼյľȺ֮УͷŸӦ͸ľȺһʨޣⲻǵޡ
һȥ
Ϣ֮һƬŤǧ׷Χ棬̾һߣ޻ﵽ߶ȣޣҲҪ£ʰ
ҶȲݾߣ뿪֮һƻɽĻǰӦһɽɽ֮У̾һͷﵽƺǸ߽λĴڣҲǵޣһͷëףޡ
ֻʣһͷޡ
ʮа˾ţǵޣҶȷһ֮󣬾һƬȼյǰӦУȻһֻ޴Ļ񣬲ǵޡ
ˣ
ѵޣݵزɣ
ݵأ
һͷȴҶ뵽˻ڻɽԨ֮µҽ޵һĻ
ٺ٣֮ǰǸضǵŪģһȻڵ棬ӣ
ܿпյشһضȥϢ
Ȼ߶龻֣
ֻ¶˾ϲЦݣڵضȻһǿϢƷǳǿ󣬴ﵽ񣬵Ϣǳ΢
ǵ޲١
ʮ֮ҶȱԨһѨǧƽһɴ󷨣ŶѨ
ಣ
ʩչҶȺ׽󷨣ʱһӣһƣһС
˭
ǵ״̬ĵ̣˫ۣһɾ˵Ļˡ
꣡
Ҷͬǣƿˣֳ֮ӣޣҿԲɱ㣬ֻҪ
ҵıֱ׳𣿺޳ܣӻðɣѾгֵ׼
õѡЩǿߣǷ㣬ѡ񣿿ȻնɱȻĶӣȡɣʬ壬Զ
ҶЦպóõˣѵõʱֻ̣ҪףӦ֪καﶼ֮ֻһû㻳űʲôô
ߣ˵˵컨׹Ҳ࣬ɣһϲ񣡣
Ӷʱһٶȣ˳
һɻ֮⣬һȭӡҶȺ
ҶȴʱȻûܣһ̱߰Сƣȥ

ʯ䣬Ҷȵƣ޻ȭӡײһⳡ棬һСס˾˵Ĺ
ôܣϲôǿ
ӻΪӰҶȣ޷š
ҶȴʱѾﵽǿ״̬Ϊ߶̫һƫƧ֮أҶòʵ̫һ߶ȫѴﵽǷ켫ĸ߶ȡ
˻ƣ
գҶһ׹ӡ
ʲôϢ
ȻҶȵĹղŹֻãһ״̬Ϳնɱһϲ񣬵ڲһˣҲﵽ߶ȣͬʱһƣֱĳ

һΣҶȻСӲ£Եúƣ˾˵Ѫۡ
ùϢħģǣ
ߡ
жԿҶ֪ȫԸڲ÷£޷սʤӵģֻͷŸͨ
ԣˡ
ಣ
ҶƾʧߺִȻľ㵣ӦҶȵڣͻȻһ޼սĺ棬󱳡
ͣ
Ѫ÷ɳȻ棬ϧʲô˶ûС
ͣ
δվӣһ޼սҼ磬һмֵѪۡ
ޣҪɱ㣬ȻޣܵشֻܷӳһλҵȻϲ񣬵Ҫɱ㣬Ҳаգ̽ҵĵǲǣ
ҶĮȻ֮˵
࣬һռ䷨Ϣҵĵ̣õ룡
ɫһͻȻҲȥ¡һײعǽڣ¶һĵĵضӶʱС
ãղһ֣ŪĶǿߣض֮С
Ҷû뵽˲֪ôûа취ˣΨжɱ˵ޣ׷ȥЩǿҲ׷
ޣ
һ޶ʱӼͷɳת˺ĵĵض
ҶҲವһ£׷ȥ
࣬ҪҽⱦⱦҴﵽʥıװ׽㣿
ضֲָ˫ͫͷŻ澫⣬һ⣬ЦЦض

ƺûڰ֮Уʲô͵ײȥײһѪҲʮס
أ
һӰΪСڵޣûŪʲô֮£ͻȻһһײϡ
һײƴȫѺײڿշڡ
ͣ
һ̫ĽƶգͻȻ˺ĵĵض
ֻҶץסһ̫񽣣һ룬ڵɵĺ֮УһΣ޷赲
֮Ҷǰǰ̫û񽣣ʱΪһɷӡ·㲻ҪǾͲҪԹң㣬ҾͻύΪһҪţֻлţмֵ

Ӳĵŭ𣬶һƣʼƺҪ״ָ̬ģ
Ӵѵضס
ҶȲᣬ˫ֽӡ̫⻯ΪķӡٴλΪĽű
һѪ𣬺Ӷʱû
أ
ʱһԣźӣϵذСβ͡
˴󹦣ʬ壬ͽ㣬뿪˵Ҷȸޣ֪˼
һץѺʬ壬ģ޷ضһˡ
ղŵĶǴǰģ˵ǵޣ̫ˣõһǻǵģ
ͬʱһǿߵЦҲԶ


1862 Ӥ
ʱҶȾʹӵ·ɳ֮УӦΧһһܼռ䡣
ʩչ󷨣Ϣ֮С
һ޵ʬ壬Ư
ǺεȵĻ
ڴ档
飬ͬһֵĻϵҲᵮǧǧԼĻϵ
˻𾫡ʯ̫֮࣬޷֪Ļϵ
˲һȥӦ͸ʬȫ
Ӧģǵ޵ڵ֮ǰڵǿڵ֮УҶȸӦһȵϢ
ҶͷϢץȥ
ڴʱҶ벻һĻˡ
ǹϢȻӦҶϢĵڵռӴܡ
ѵ
һѹƵļҶ¶Цݡ
Ϣߣ
˵뵱ڻƷߣԬϵõɳ࣬һʶĻϵ
ˣ
ôֱںʶ֮УΣʶںϣʶȻɳ֮ǰӳ죬һʶеʶҲߡ
ʲô
̴߶ǿڵ¸֮˫֮УͷŴС
Ȼһץһ֮ϸ΢شһ⣬شڵһỨ״
ֱȫҶȲż塣
һƴСĻ滨䣬ͨ죬ȼŵ棬룬ȻһƶСĻӤ
Ӥ󲿷ֶ͸Ǹոγɲãڻ֮в·֮ܵев
Ȼǻϵʶ
Ҷȼѣϴ߶񸮡
ͯϼ𣺡ϲˣϵʶϴɳ飬ʶȻγ״̬֮飬̺ıԴ˿԰ΪԴڵʶ壬ں֮ǰɳ鵮ʶһ˵ʶѴﵽһµĸ߶ȣ
ҵĹԹԣҪ£ԺҾΪһ壬ҵԴΪҵʶҶȸŻ𻨣ǰֵ֣΢΢ûʶܵ˺
ˣͬʱҲһԣ𣬶ǻϵ˵ں𣡡
⵹һ飡
Ҷѻʶڵ֮У׼عʶ֮ʣͻȻڵ֮Уƺʲô
һʵʵϢڵ
ڵĽһģڲһռ䣬һ㲻ռ䣬һЩǳҪı
Ȼޣõʲôڵ֮С
Ӧ֮ͷһ𽥵ģڵ֮УɳһʯϢʮֹӣҶȵĸӦȻܲʯϢ
ϲˣʯҲǻϵһ࣬棬Ӧһ׻ϵͯ˵
ϵ
ʮϵ٣ʥҲкܶ࣬ӣҪĻϵͨԣϵˡ
ǴʯĽƣѲڣȻǵ޴򿪽ƣʯռ䣬ȻȼյĻġ
һƾ
ȻһŻϵʥ߶ȡ
Ҷȸȱ٣ӵʮУȻҲֻڻûǸʵȥʶһ̶ȣʼҪʶ
һƾҶûжôóȥ̻ᣬȻﵽʮڵļ۸ԶҪеĸûʿûʿĸ
Ȼύ׵ԬฺˣŻϵҲĪ
ޣģ
֮УҶץʬ壬׸ޣõū뿪䣬ֺ֮Уڻ֮У˶ʱɢȥ
֮ǰõڵԼʶ׼ںϡ
ͬʱҲ߶ջŨҵĻϵ
Ԫѿӽһλ۷壬λӦ⼸ɡ
ڣԴ֮УһҶȻ൱⣬ԴʼתڲʶѪγɲͬͬԴԴ
ѪӲѿ΢΢һЩƻʶʶſ־壬Ԩ֮Ҷȴ߶ʶԼ̫һ
ʶʱðʶӴһų⣬ǺܾˣҶȴ߶̫һʶʶ̫һںϸԣʶںϡ
ԻʶΪģʶС
һںϣ꣡
껹ھ֮жȹȻֻأϦ任
ھ֮УҶȾ޷ȻеؾԼ֮еĻϵҶӵг֣ʶҲգھ֮Уֻûԡ
ںˣ
ʱ˿̣Դڡ
ʶ⳹ں˻ʶ֮Уһȫµ⣬Ȼ΢ǰѾȻͬ
ң֮Уһ֮ϣһͷӤֽŸոճΣһ˯棬ÿһκԴľ̫һ
ͯϺȻп̾ˣû뵽˳ӵĽӤ
Ӥ⵹Ҷȸе档
ʶֻӵʶĿʶɳΪ״̬Ӥ˲֪жӤ֮УһɹĿܣûУҪָԭūܳɹӵӤ˶ĻǾӵеĲͬ
𣿡
֮ūȻȥЩ֮е½ǼԪҲвٵļʶӤ񣬶ԵҲҪµ𣬲ܵӤӵûеĶĻԲ˳ӵӤ
ˣӤѵҪ֮󣬸Ӥգһĳɳ˵Ӥ˳ΪߵĹؼ
ͯһδ̾
ڻ֮еӤоԼĺӣҲܵӤҪ֣ܿٳɳ
΢΢һбô׵õ˵Ще½бﶼϡٵģ
ֵͯӤͬūҪһӸտʼУܳΪʶ˼ά壬˼άſԶУӤӵж˼άӦþ˳ΪߵʱΪߣˣõб
бҶԴҲõ
ҵõһ𾫡񾫣΢ģҪӤȫɳ֪Ҫöٵб
Ѿʯȥ
ӴԺҪ뾡취õб
뿪Դʼڵ޵ڵڵӵлϢ
ˣƿܷô޵ڵͬĽ𵤣Ҳƿܷ
ڷηڵļֵ
˵ʵһ
ڵյȻ˵ЧҲ࣬ƿֶܷݣһ
ܷһҶʵһҶȾ͵ĸ֣ĸģԶᱳİ֡
ͨ壬ܷңԿ߽λ߲Ҳаգ
ʱҶ˾Ͱڵƿܷ
ӵܷһλϲΪʵȵͽλ߲񣬵һӶͽλ߲ҶȱɶԿ߲ǿߡ


1863 ʥ
֮ͨС
ҶȽ䣬̫ҵʼƿܷ
ڵԻϵΪҶעһܷʩչ֣̺ͨ
Ҷƿܷ֮ʡ
ֺ֮⣬ͻȻʮ֡
Щһʣ඼Ǹ߲ǰˣΪƣﵽ߽λŭϺ쳤
һˣƺ΢΢Ϻ죬ұһʮİ꣬ʮֿ˵֣ǰƬֺһޱȵĻϴҲѰңϧˣǸ֣ε鷳֣ǻֵģҪģЩд䣡
͸ѱЦĿ󣺡αʥոճأҪ߽λҪԴЩ֮Уи֣
ֻмΪﵽλλ߽λĶǵͽλƬؽ磬һһǿߣ
ʲôǿߣҿʥʰǣ
˶ʱֺ֮С
㣿
ɣֲãҶ֮ǰһˣ¶ЦݣȻǵͽλ񣬵˵ΪԶĽλʵ
ԱߣǸΪʥİ꣬߳һǼĻģ
λ񣡣
һƳʥһ㵣λʵĽλ̫֣࣬ҲսʤԷ
ΪƬؽǿߣ˺ʾһ˻Ӧˣ类һߣ
ǻŻʲôֵ
ʥĺȻָһץΧ𶼱𿪡
λΣԸֵܣô˵£̴߶Ľλƣ׷ӭȥ
һûʤ㣬Ҳѹ
ָɽӾ
ʥָͨǰײһʱָݺһѹϿһۺ񡢰ɾ޴ָͨѸײڶ֮ƣѹϷ
Ѿ߶
䡭
λ̫ͨˣֻһУָ֮ͬƬռֱץ˷飬Ҳ˺˷ĩ
֪ʥͨ񣿡
ʥ֮ԱǵЦЦмһĩɵĿУץö䣬Լ׸󷽷Ŀˡ
ߴһڸֶĸ亹ֱðԻʥɵޱȣ˵Ц֣޵УһСһġֵܣ
ȻˣһŹߣ
ʥ䣬ֺ롣
һ·ϣü񣬽ʥɱʵ̫ǿ
Ŷ
һն֮ӭ֮Уɳ
ոֳ˻ʥ˶ɫΪ֮Уһ˾Ȼ߽λԼһλ
Ϊ˵֮أ룬ҲǸ֣

֣֮УǲߣһʥˣȫǸʥλҲǷС
һȣݵκǰϣ
ôǣ
ʥоһ׵磬ֱ֡
λΪһãһˣǵĶֻ֣ңҲ޷սʤ
֮һλ֪ʥ˼ȻҪǽ֡
һ¡һӡ֮ݵγһɽ󣬽Ϻɣγ˵Ľѹʥɨȥ
ָɽӾػ𣬽ҵָ£Ϊ
ʥƻĽһβǵ֣˫ͬʱͬʱ쿪ָŽһץ

˫ָо֮
ֲָӡŻʥ˫ֺݺݵһץ¡һץķѣһָ·λ޷ܡ
޷ܣû뵽ΪͬλʥȻ԰ֱ飬ͬλʶ
һʥٶȣҲ޷Ӧص㡣

߽λˣ
ҲԾһλĸ֣ʵǿԽͬλշɳһ׳
žžž
Ƹպòסʥһָͷŵѹƿʼס漴һѻʥһЦԭΪﵽ߽λ۷壬ܺãʸҵĶ֣
֣λпսʤ߽λ𣿲ԾĹ߽λգΧصơ
ٸ֣ҵϣ

ʥͻȻָӡγɿµָӡɽײ߽λ֡
µ
߽λһָӡɽ˫趯ΧƣȻΪĵͨ״ǰ״ĵ

һʱָӡɽ
䡭
һûжĽ֣ȴ˫ײʱ˸ı䡣
ָӡɽĵײϡﻩ׷飬ŻʥһЦָӡɽʱΪһ޴ָɽٴײ߽λ֡
µ󣡡
ʱ˿̣߽λ޷侲ˣú˼𾪻ʥȻ״̬Ϊ߽λǿߣ޷ܵġ
ʱγһȻĻûΪεĵβоһŰ״Ĵ
߽λǿ˫һѹٲȻһα仯γ˵󣬺ͷŰԵƣָɽȥ
ɽ飡
ʥһ̣Ҳٴ⣬ƺִ߶ǿ
䣡䣡䣡
ָɽ޼᲻ݵذѵһײϡﻩεʧͬʱָɽͻȻСΪһָ棬ͬʱú˵߽λ֣Ѹײڶ֮Ƶȥ
ʥ˫üһᡣ

߽λҲʱ߶һָķ׵飬Ȼָ棬ͬɴ˫ۣ𺳣ָ棬üġ
ͣ
Դָ顣
Ҳܲˣ
ʥһԣŵ˫ȷλ֣һȭΧռӿֲȭӡλַɳףڵĻ𺣡
ಣ
һö䣬ʥǰһֱۣ׸ˡ

˲Ϊʥǿ󣬷̾
ʥƺԽնɱ֣̫ƽЦûЦһ£Ȼ˼
ಣ
һƬ𺣣ȻһӰ˫մѪ·
Сӣ֪ﱻ˵õˣ
ʥּ꣬·һʬ壬ûжپȣ䲻غһ
ת¶ūĮһա
ūҲû˵תߡ
Сӣ֪
Ƶūֻһвǰ̶֥㲻ϣԿˣһβȻʥڣȷɳ֮䣬ڵūǰ
һģ
ԾӸµĿ⣬ɨһ۵ū˼ʵ㻰֮УǼĻ䵽˭֣֮شˣһ
Ҳ֪ūӦһ䡣
֪˵ʱ䣬
Ʊ䣬˲˴ɱĹ֣ûӵūϵõϢͶɱģҵūֻв˾޴
֮䣬һȭһɲǼūǰһȭūš


1864 
ɲǣūвΪܿ
˴űɱɱ߶ȭͷūš
ͣ
ȭͷһȭʹӵūŴ
һʱѪֱۣ˵ūţū˼£
һֻ
˴ʱһ͸磬пᡢʵķ֪ūܻȥҲмٶ֣һ֣ūʹұۻ䣬׹𺣡
֣Ǽ
ʩ֮󣬻ʥʮ֣৵طȻֺ֮Уһɱһ
ţõˡ
ߣ
ŷɳףȻ䣬ūĮȻоոմӱ͸һв
ţ
˼Ϊ⣬Ҳ棬Ѿ˵֮ˣǱһУɱСв
ǣԷһȭŴһѪܻȥ
ȭͷȭͷơǿѹһȭȥвشĵز
ڣԷţ
תһ·𺣣һѪĵūľػڿն˫ۣа
磬֣ȥ
һĻūţǳͷβ˿һ⡣
֣Աһ߲꣬һ߳ҪչֶΡ
βٿ˵Ҳ֣͵ͷ굱շɳ
߲⣬ϷʱūҲպͬȵİգһƳͲмЦװ͵ˣҪѰ֪ٸǱɵӣҪԹң
˵꣬ͻȻһ򵥡һֱָ̳ūࡣ
ū޷㿪ȷʵвΪܶĿ߲
ۣ
ͷƣ״뵶ūţҺ٣һ̴˵ūķ
ͣ
߲γʧһЦū޷תˡ
ϴСɫʲôǰԵʮȻ·ֻһƽˡ
˵ͷǺ꣬ɱ˵ūΪŹҪһôȻʥʾ֮׼
˵Ǿˣ
ͻȻǸոһδ𣬵ūһǺ󷽴
⡭
֮ǰǸ߲꣬һ޹ת󷽣ֻūǡ
һв񡭡񡢸߲˹£
˶ù֮ʥ˵ˣʼʽӵūйŹ֣һˣɱȫϣ
⡭
һҲͬ˶Է֮䣬и֣ʮˣˢˢطȥ
ֻпʥ
ͣ
ۣ

߲뼸ͷһ磬ūȻ󡭡Χ񿳲Ƶġ
һͬʱūһʱ䣬ūһѪˣѪģ֪жٵĽۡ
֮
ʮ˸˺󣬽ʧūڰգ˫ۡ˫ȶҪпƤѪ⣬һһ飬Ҫϰ롣
ΡܻŰɣм꣬ôˣ߽λ񣬶ĨɱһвȻŪͷת
ߣ
ūܻţǶߡ
ǶģҶǵúҲܾ뿪
벻ūһΣ˲ζ
תɲǣͼѪģĵū֪ʲôʱվ˫ͫѪ죬а֮ɭɭضˡ
ʥʵڿȥԱ߿ˣƺ˵һȺڣͨΪ촷ۣ
ûУ
ѵ޲Ҹطȥʮ£׵ĺȵ
Ρ
һ֣ҧгݣҪջʥ˵ͨѵūĨɱΪ촷볾㲻ٻ
θҶˣ
βȶԵū֣ǵūȻһ¶Цֻϣ𽥵һаϢ
ˡ
ͬʱ˻ʥǿˣÿһ˵ڣһƣ
ҵʲôڴ߶
һ߲񣬾㤵ؿˡ
ҲģڴʱǵϿʼ¶ʹı飬һɱ໽
ǿˣҲһ֮ǰһ۷磿
ô£
ʥһû£ֵʹࡢæ˺ԶԶģҲĪ״̬
ۣ
ͬʱʥҪӿϣͻȻı仯һ
ֻһֻֻѪ֣Ȼӿ˵ڣСڲ˺˶ӣһֻֻӤС֣ſָϵŤѪִԼʮֻͣ
ȡңȻҲڴ߶ֹͨǹը
ӡ۾䶼ðѪֿ¸һֻֻѪֱ֣ŵöεȻԶʥȡ
ʥɵ
Ȼǣʱ巢ʲô£Ȼ˳Ǵž㵣Щ֡
һ⣬¸˺ƳܶѪɫС֡
һĵūʥͳ¶𺳵ɫ
Ϊū˫ۡŶѪ֣ѪڻŤץŵūѪ⣬Ƚ˳ЩѪ֣ǰ
㡭ʲô
£ʶĻʥҲʵηһ̾Ϣ
ǵūʲôҲû˵ֻаЦݡ
Īǡ
ʥڷƺ뵽ʲôüëһĪЩˣ֣ϣԲŻֹһĻ
뵽ʥͻأضŵūָһ
ಣ
ūûվŲһʱܡ
ϧвοūֲߣûдǧͼûֻߵȵȵ
ͣ
һǻеū磬͸˹ȥ
ͬʱʥæ߶ͨγһǿķ
ūһܵػƺҪȴһṦ򣬲ָܻ޷
ʥ˼ûκ쳣ʱЦˣԭֻҪմ֣ͻǶĵ
ūûпڡ
֣ȾңȾҡ
ʱˣһѪС֣ϵشϣһѪ⣬˫ۣûѪ⣬¶ѪǣѪɫСҪͷŤʹ
Щ֣һģһ
ҪżɱСӣһȻһжʧ
ʥɲڣȥһˣ¶Цˣܾɱˣ˹ص˵ȽӡԺʲôôҲ˵
ʼ˵ū⣬֪ΪΣηһλᡣ
ôЩˡͲҪĺûңǶҪѪ֮ϣҽǣʹ࣡
ڨڨһЦˡ
֣
˼߹Ϊץ˾ݣ¶һ˿Цݡ
䣡
ϧʥһƶ׵ȥ
̺µͨұըˣڻʥ£ըΪ˳
ףֻҪմЩˣͲΣա
ȻһЩŵðĸϿգһ¡һұը֮󣬻һЩ֫
һƣһȥʲôʧˡ


1865 ˵
һɶ
ֻʣһƬκѪκιѪɫС֡
ʥ侲ɱˣūūҪߣڲߡˣҺñʥмϳ֣֮ǰҲֶΣ
˵꣬׷ȥ
ʾԽв񣬾˵ٶȣ
ūɳһɣɲǾͷɳɣ
ʵ
ֶͬʥָĳָƣΪһƽʱͬĿ⣬ū
ಣ
ͻȻһ쳣࣬˸߳һߵͺԱȼյУһζһ˦һɰԵƣͻأʥ
ʥĺã
ūͺ¶ѵõЦݣΪ׳Ǿ֮һʥ
һв񣿡
ʥСκвʱסָƣΪһƣһ뷽ʥͷŵײһ
ʥ˺󼸲ڻʥһĨ㵣ΡȻУһܵ𺳣ô£ЩΪֻи߽λвһʵȻ߲񣬶һһ쳣棬һֵﷵ豹Ϣ
λΪնɱ˽λ񡭡ЩвȴвԴﵽ߲ʵǽҲﵽλʵ񲻳Խʥ񣡡
ʥΪԽնɱǿߣʥصӣҲضãڿū뷽ʥ԰ɨ
̫ˣЩвҶҪץȥϣʲôܣҳ֮ӵеǱһʥģ
ͻȻʥˣͷųֱʥ
ƣ
ʥ˫üһᣬԷȻֱײɷ˵˫һƣƣΪƣĻʥ

˫ڻʥϣȻԷʥ߲ʥַδ
ʥɭɭЦݣȻ˫߽࣬λ񣬴ﵽ˽λʵôܲһвĶ֣
ҵģ
ֱֱطʥ޼ɵ
ʥһ̣ͻȻһɣΧɳһͬ׳һˣǾһ䣬顣
ɲǼ䣬ʮˣͳͳˡ
ʥٶȻЩһʱƵģһĻĦţЩˡôбڳˣ׳ģҲове׳Ϣ
ūúϢԸ
ʥߣǰĵūʾصͷ
ūһƣȻδȬƺֵ̫ͨ࣬ѶԷ֮С

ȺϣԲѣ˵ǶʮˣٶٱҲǱʥĶ֣Ƿ
ʥмһЦƺУЩأǲֵһᣬʱ䣬Ƹǿγɵƣѿռƶ˺ѣƣʮϯ
λ񣡡
ʱ˿̣ʥ޷ӦһӰ֮С
Ҷȵͨ塣
߶ǧͼ뵶ū˲䣬˽﷢ʲôٸʥ˵ȷǸӵԽĲʵǵūκвϣ
ҶۼģڣɾʩչʵʱϹŶ
ɾδںֻõȻҲУȻӵǲ˼飬
ڵūǳͷβںϣҶȰ£Ѿںһ壬ֲǵūʶ
֮ūǱҶȶ޷
ξ͸պչֵū˵һˣȻʮ֣мͳͳնɱյ˵ľ
Ϊ֣ҲҵĶ֣
ʥԦƣʩչ̵ķѾǰ֮С
󣡡
鷢һȣ뷽ʥֱź󷽾ˣٿȻڻʥɱʱǸպγһԲΣѻʥΧ
ս򣡡
ÿһ˴ͬķӡϣһصףȻһ֮⣬ڷλգۣΪһƵ㣬ѻʥΧС
ԻʥΪȫԷɳȥΪһ԰ǿߣмҪʵһУʵ
ոռᣬӾͳ𾪣Ϊ֮У𽥵أһԼʮɵľӰ
ӰϵᣬһӲӵĿսףֳͷף沿һĹִ˵˫֮УԳһƳޣϢĦγȵıըС
ǺεȵʮвʩչϢȻ߲֮䣡
ʥɲǼ͸Ӧǰʮɸߵľˣ̺Ȼв
ս֮ŭ
Ӱ˫۶еޣžգȻ˫һޣ࣬ʥȥ
žžž
ռĦѿռ䶼÷ײơ
ָɽӾ
ʥ˫һץһɰԵָӡץƳ֮ϡ
䣡
˫һץݺݵ˺Ȼޣץķ飬űɱ֮ģһ˵ָ
ս֮
Ӱ˫֮иԳѾ޽һ̤ÿһ̤ڰգռ䶼𶯣̤ڴ֮ϣ´ضҪѿ
ݣ
޽ֱڻʥָ֮ϡ

޽ݺݵָ֮ϣƣȻ½֣ʥŭָһѵһ񽣾ʹжѡ
ϧ벻Ѿ޽ָ̻ž˸߸߾𣬵
𣡡
ʥ̧ͷһ·оѾ޽ھӰӶҪɽӣѴضҪһ
֪ΪΣֳ𺳵Ĵ
˫ֱץ޽Ծץס޽ֱһ𣬾޽ͿʼϣҲһһָ棬Ӱȥ
ˡ
Ӱ͵Ƴ˫ƣ赲ʥָ档
ָ棬ûʥնɱ߽λ񣬺ǿ

ָŻʥֶصھƳ˫֮ϡ
ǾײȻָ棬ȻѾ˵˫ƣ¡һĵ飬˵˫ۣڴϡ
Ϊһﵽ߲񣬻е㿴ͷϧˣΪ̫ͣܰʵ߷˵ĵز漣
һָ
¡
һָھӰϣʮɸߵľˣȫˡ
ʮֵȻڻʥ˵Сһ
ಣ
Ӱ飬Χͳ˶ʮӰЩӰǶʮ˵ģȻǷ顢ʥ죬͸͸ص⡣
ôʥЦ

ʮӰſ죬һγɶʮĿĹ⻪ʥ
ǲһҲýˣ
ĺȻʥ֣ͻȻϷĽ磬Ȼһץ
¡
µĸ߽λΪָָץ飬ͬʱʮӰʧȥ󷨣ҲʼʧͷŵĹʥûһ£ػķ
ûκεӰ졣
糹飬ڻʥΧ顢ʥһˣͷ󺹣ȻλսȻǵʵ
ʼ˻ﵽľ̬һǾܣ¶֮У


1866 ۷ս״̬
ģʥɱǣɣ
ʥշĴЦţһɨһƣ״̬ͷŸƣȻ׼˶֡
ͳͳ˺һߣ
һƵ֮С
ţ
ʥ䲻һȻûиӦǣȻһ˴ڣΪδ֣жô
ˣ
ҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳڷ顢ʥǰоҶȹȻһһҶȺ󷽡
˭һϲ񡭡
ʥɲǼĿ⣬Ҷϣ´һӾ㵲֮УͻȻ¶Ц
ΪҶȵΪֻһϲ񣬻һһλϲ
ĪҪСϲ֮ǰСв񣬽ΪǵΪ޷Ըֻһϲ񣬵ܺڵⷬ԰Цݣ
ҶȵԻʥҪʥ֡
һλϲΪսλǿߣԽ󾳽磡
ʷϣδй˵һĻֹ
Բѣв񣬶ϲҾͲţ߳һ磬ʵܳԽǰٱ
ʥЦݣȻֹһԵƣҶھ뵶ūڱصõģԾȻϡ
ѹ˵
һٶȣգ֮䣬ſָҶǰָҪҶץ顣
ಣ
˹ϲκϲ޷
ҶȴˣϢʧָ֮¡
ݣ
ʥʶҶȵĲٶȣĹʩչ˵ҶȵٶȣӦôﵽ߶ȡ
ĹδҶȣͻȻΧĵӰÿһӰֳһ޽䲻ʥ

ı޽ȻлʥԷķ̫ˣĵ޽ûдƻʥԼ顣
СӣҪΪʥ޷㿪Ĺֻ֪Ҳ㣬Ҳ޷˵Ұ֣
ʥٿȻת𼸷ЦݣͱǰһĻŪͷԣΪǰͬʱĸһģһҶȣض

ʥҡҡͷȻӦòǷΪӦϢָӦڣԪҲ
˹һĻЩ
Ҷȱһ࣬˵ȷҪѹһÿܷԻעҵᣬٶѹͬʱҲҪٿĴܷǿ
ĴܷǸոھ䣬ڵƶɡ
û뵽ոƶɣյūպҪڻʥϣܷжҪӿܷҲҪڰУٿؿܷ
˵ܷκιҶڰпơ
һһˡһʥߴˣô಻ͳͳҵģ
ಣ
ʥһ¶ڱصõЦݣȻһ˳ſ˫֣ץܷ
ٶ֮죬ҶвֻͨһУܷҪڻʥ֮֡
֮
ҶȰд߶ĿܷĺȻһʧܷԻʥֱץƵ񽣣ٿһȥ
޽
ͬʱʧܷӺ󷽣̳һ޽ܷһǰһлʥ
䡭
ʥΪǱںĴܷĽǿգܷٶȣʤ
ûܣ߶һƣܷĹɲǼ䣬޽÷飬񽣣ûΪ״̬
ʥҪȴĴܷʧˡ
Ҷȴ߶֮ںϿռ䣬Ĵܷڰ֮УΧȼյ𣬸ܷټ
Ϊûˡ
ʥǰδеơ
ƺˮޣѸײڶ֮ƣ˷ȻӣŻƣϯա
ã
ƣȫﵽλƻײܷµ̼ͻ
Ҷֻͨʥʵ棬ͨҲ֪֮һλϲǸ߽λĶ֡
ڻʥƵ֮ʣĴܷѾʩչ֮ľٶȣںϿռͨ˳ܸǵľ롣
ƣ㵽һ
еκʣڻʥ£Ϊ˳ҲϨһЩʲôû¡
߽λ̫ǿˡ
ʥأЩ̫ϵӵĴʵɴ˿ɼһߡ
ϻɽкӳƴ
ʥԼʵ̫ˣղһĹﵽλ
˵ϲ񣬾Ǹ߲񣬶ܻǵͽλ˵ԹӲдһС
ͷŸӦʥҲӦκεϢȻԶľ뵶ūƺһУġ
ݡ
շɳٿȻ֮䣬Χĸһδ̳޽
ôܣ
ʥӦռ䲨ʱ߶٣ĵ޽ڿն𣬼ĵֳܷ
Ȼһû̫˼ˣ
󣡡
ڰҶȣ̴߶ͨ
ĴܷһʧʥΧͻȻһɹ𣬴ĸӿһγɵĽ硣

ʥͻȻһͷơ
һΣƣͬΧЩ˿Ϩ״ֳ̬Ŀܷ£ΪԻʥΪķ֮ϡ
žžž
ʱʥ˾˵Ľ֮Уķ̫ˣĴֹܷ£Ȼû˿
ˣʥҪЩƿˣ
ҶͻȻı˽ӡʽ
ܷУͻȻһâĳǹ
ҶõĹʥǹ̫⣬ֱɣǿҲҪԹ֪
ϾôãҶȴδ̫⣬ֽ֡
ȣ
ıʥǹĽ£סʥ𱾾Ͳ̺ϢʥҴ⡣
ʥǹ˽֮У䲻⣬ڻʥķϡ
һΣҶǿ£Ĵʥǹذѻʥķ̳С档
һλϲ񣬾ȻܰλķŪ飡
ıʥǹеĶ󣬲λһλ񣬿Ѱѷ飬˵һλ
ҶȽ۷ʵ
ʥŭˣ
ʥڴ𣬶ԷȻ˵ķӶ벻ģȥԷһʲô׵ǡ
ھˣ
ӡָӡرըϣ˷ȥ
䣡
ʵҶ޷Ĵܷ߶֮ߣǱָӡ
ֻǳָӡĴܷȻײĳۼҶȴһץпܷʧ
ʥڶˣͷųӿֲҶҲ޷֮ÿܷʥ֡
ԷκƱԻܷ
ҹ
ʥ׶ŭˣƷŭʨ˫ͫΧȼյ֮УѰҿܷټ
ǿڿռͨһ棬ҲƵĺܣﲻҶӵеĿռͨ߶ȡ


1867 ʥ
Ҫʥһè׽Ϸ
ҶصЦЦ
ɲᣬװÿܷܵ˺ȥƵܷػɡ
Ҫǣѹʥ
ڴŵū뿪õѡҶȵٶȣϢ뿪ʥ޷ҵġ
ǣʥ֪ôܣԼˡūģһʲôܣⲻ´
Ҷֲɱ˻ʥǸţʥЩ̫ϵӣշ˵ֶһԣסŵĸ֡
ǰ˻ӣһʥҲɵͬʱҲӿҶȣɵ͹ҶȵǱ

һٶòСϲ´ȥʥ棬ȥ
˷ƵģӦܷڡ
ಣ
Ȼһռ䲨ʥˡ
һſָǺݺݵضſռһץ
¡ը𣬵Ǳը֮󣬻ʥûзκʬ壬Ȼ󷽣ֳһƷ
ǣʥҶȣµȦ֮С
ҶÿܷͷϢûʥ֣ڿռ䣬һè׽ϷҪĻʥҶȶԣĵʱ䣬Ҳ
һ󹥻֮󣬻ʥȻûгץܷ
Ȼ䣬һƷ
ʥݺݵץȥ

һΣȻץסһֻţʱϲݺݵҪֻţӿռ֮קֻŲ֮ͣʧƺҪߡ
Իʥԣòףץֻţôܰװ׷ŹץסֻŲţڴʱΧһ̬Ťʥûֻ֣ţоȻԾһ
ǡ
գۣʥͷǰʲôһˡ
𣬲Ȼ֮УǰһǹϵĹΧһȫоκȻϢؿռ䡣
ļʶʱʶʲô͵תʲôûУƺѰҳȥͨһ
ûоǻһѴʥϢ񽣡
⡢ռ䡭ϣҪƷʾ˵
̴߶񽣣ռԵȥ
ڴʱҶȴһֳһĳͷķӡͷųռ䣬϶ΪһƣѴﵽʥ񽣣ƿһҲ
ҶչֵʵȻԽ
ȻҶȵںϷ񸮣߶񸮣ѹԻʥ
񽣣Ȼʥ㹥ҵռ䣬Ҳôأʥ
Ҷѹ񽣣Ȼֶ𾪲ѵĻʥ
²ص֮ʥˣû뵽Ҳн죬˵ռ䡭ʥӶˡ
ռ䣬ķĹǱˣռ䣬͵ڹ֮УһΪռ䣬ϣơ
ڡҶӵе߶ȳ˻ʥΪ
뵱ɽ֮ʱҶȾһΪħ˷֮УǼΪĽǷᦣڵʱУоյ
ʱ˿̣񸮿ɲĽǷǵȵͼԻʥΪܳȥ
ȻˣǾ֪ӴˣҪռ䣡Ҷɫƽ˵
⡭
ʥлȥҶ仰ȫû뷨ʵܳ㣬ҶҪҪҪԶҪ档
һ񣬴ﵽλ꣬һһ֮У
һ룬㹻
Ҷȼ䣬ʥһӣã뿪ռ䣬عȻĺã
˵𣿡
ʥûƢ٣еԼżӣ˵ɣҳȥʲô
˴򽻵Ǽ򵥣һӾҪ㣬Ҫҷȥǲܣʵܼ򵥣ԺΪãȻҲΪūΪˣɣһáĹϵ
ã
ھ֮ص룬һ̻ᣬҪĲŻʵõҵĿУҲһֱ㽻ȥ㶯ɱ֣ûˣԻţ֪ҵЩܣ
ˡ
̻ΪӪ񵤣ΪһݣһλʦԸĻԺǵĸˣû˿Լ㣬ǰҪһһ⣬ΪĳаַܵĻ
˵Ҷȵ˼Ҳֱӡ
ѡܱȹռõĶ࣡ʥѡˡ
ಣ
ָһһԪӡʹʥüġ
Ԫӡ֮УҶȲܽ⿪ԪƣԼ棬񵤵ƷʽԼһЩ衣
ȻҶҲҪͬԬһʥΪһϸʦΪĸˣ̫֮˵ȥ
ʥأ
ʥӴԪӡ֮УһϢĸ۵ʱʱޱȡ
ʮһʥأ˲
û뵽Ҷʥµһ۹ֲ˲ԭʥйϵ
ȥԬúúҲǰã£һ˲ţʱڸȥ֮һ˼һЩ֮͸ҡһʱ䣬һһЩ񵤻ȥ
񵤣һȥ
Ҷֽʥһö䣬߻δһз̫졣
գۼ䣬ʥȼյȻա
ҶҲվһԣ뿪ռ䣬ʥһɣֱҶѹ鸴
ʮţ񵤣֮ã񽣻㣬úϢһ󣬱㶯ɣ
ҶֽһЩһūʮҶߣҶ֮С
ʥþòŻعû뵽ʱ緢һУڡ
Ҳգµֻнʵתߡ
ҶȲδ뿪֣ȥ֮ǰеĵطٴ
һսūǣҪϢ
ҶõūˣھΧóʮʬ壬ʩչ򣬿ʼƳһſӡ
ҲֻӣдҲó񵤣һ˷һţƺúգۼʮʬûˣҶڣʣµĺʬ壬Ҳʮͷ
õӣ뵶ūʼؾָ
ҶȻͨ壬̫ҵ
߶ͨٻĴܷ
ÿһܷ϶ѺۣĿģҲҶжٲ࣬ǿܷҲҪˡ
˳ͻƶλϲ񡭡
ʼΪܷ硣
֮УҶҲһԪѾﵽ۷״̬ʱԳλϲ
ʮ꣬ŴﵽһλٶȵĻҪܴ꣬ﵽ߲
澳磬һλͻƣʮ꣬ɡ
ÿЩѿܷ޸Ȼͻƶλ֮ġ
Ҷ뵽Ҫ飬ӿӡٶȡ
ܷ˵ıȽأ׻ָھ֮Уõʱ䣬ûãҶȾͰܷ޸ɡ
׼ͻƶλ
뿪䣬Ҷȴͨ壬뿪õū澲ĵĻָһ֮У߶һ󷨣ؾϻָܿ͵ͻ״̬


1868 ֮
ԪҶȾеעڽ֮УΨһԴ
ʱҶȴ߶ȫµԪʼԴ£
ԴԱߣγһƬԪ
Ӥδκγɳûоգɳ̫ˣԪȻȴʺӤ
۲ԴڵĶӤڻ֮оţһѪӣҲ֮УҶȵľϳɳ
ʱʧȥԪȫ硣
ᷨӡͷŷ𲻶ȼգԪʼȼС
һλҪͻƶλԪҪǿ󵽸Ӿĸ߶ȣͻƣҲһʱ̡
֮УҪҶʩչӡԪʲϵر
֮
Ҷ͵˫ۣŻֵȻһ
ᣡ
˫һϣֻʣһɴСԪΧŲӡʼԪ֮С
Ԫ˲Сֻʣһߴ
ڶŽӲӵԴڽ֮С
ͬʱѪ⿪ʼ飬һը䲻ǿңҲʹ࣬ЩʹλϲԵ΢
һ֮Ҷȿʼͷŷɶ֮ٵ飬ȻҲɼ񵤡
һٶȹȻʮ־ˣץʻʵ۵ʬ壬׼գ
ʻʵһһλʥڵȴʻʵڣдŵ
ԳϢ
ʩչ򣬰ʻʵ۵ʬ壬գһʥǶλϲҶȣµģٿҶȴﵽλĽλ֮䡣
գӽʻʵ۵֮УȻܵ΢Ҷȴ߶̺ʱԴߵȻڵ΢΢ӭ
Īʲôߵˣ
֣ǰҲӵǵΪûΪߣսʻʵϵ΢ȴ쳣Ķ
̫ˣ
ҶŶ뵤
Ȼλޡڰ޵˸Ưһ޴Ӱ
ˣҲضãͨߵʮߴ
ӰʱʱҶȸе޴𺳣˶ֹͣ
ֻӰ֣޷棡

ҶֻӰĴڡ
ϸһ²в֣Ǵ˵еռӰİٷ֮ʮϣԼģۣ׳צ·˫ȣβ󷽿ƬβĽɫڡ
һ沿֣¶ϲλ֮ϺȻ˫֣뿴һӡ
˫ֺܳжΣͷֻ¹ǵĴڣҶȵĸо죬ʮЭƺ˾Ҳı塣
ָоĺܣҲֻһ
֮Уô˵Ĵڣ޼Ԧľ֮УǾɲģ
ԺʣΪͻȻڵ֮УΪߣ˲˼飬𺳵
ϧӰֻ̺ϢӰҪģԺҪҪӵп
ҲпܣƣһĵĹϵսʻʵ۵ϵϢףһжصϵ
һҶȾãǿˣһҪȥѰƵĶøҲӵջ˵Ҳҵܡ
뿪ڶԴѾǳȹ̣ԪҲոϽʻʵ۵Ҳﵽһʵо飬Ҳɡ
Ȼһͨ壬֮Уʼ̫ҵѸԼܷͳͳλ߶ȡ

ָ֪һ䣬ʮȥ
ʮͷʮӰ֮طɳҶ뵶ūʮˡ
ʥس;һЩۣ;飬ͿԵΪͻƣλһʱʮ꣬ԶԶҶȵļƻ
ǰһֱſ磬ٿ棬Ѿûдɽɭ֣ȻؼһСǳء
Ѿ֮صļ£Ӧþ뺣󽻴ݺˮ磬֮ľˮ֮У
ԱһµͼۿҪﺣ֮ģҶȾȽǳ֮УϢ˷ǳء
ǳشԼֻٶධͨʯʷΪľΪǳֻһӦ磬Ҳǿ
ԭǿߡ
磬ҶȾ͸Ӧǳ֮УԼǧʿ֮һʣµĶǸ߲ϲ
޵ʥϢҲʮԵʮأҶҲϸϸӦЩʥҪ鷳
֮󣬷ֵֽûʲôˣʱʱм·תһᣬһҾ¥ŵū˽С
¥ֻ㣬ֻʮ
λ룡
һСӭӣԲ£顢ʥūҶһΧ
һЩˣҶȴΧЩ󣬴ϲУԵúУٸӦڶ㣬ǲ٣Լʮˣ붼Ϣ֮С
Ͼ͵֮ġӦ֪˵Ĵڣ⸽õūУӦнعʥʱһͬȥ
вϼƻһ
Ȼ䣬Զ󣬾һһԵúģ֮⼸ʮһ䣬໥ɱ̣޷˳֮ģȥˮ򣡡
Щ䣬һţһͳ֮ģΪһߣսҲȽ϶࣬˲ٸ֣ȥả֮ĵ䣡
ǺǣȥսģûжܳɹģЩмµ䵮
Ⱥһ˵
֮УΣҲûԹʼںȾơ
ҶΧƺ⣬˽ĶԻݡ
֮ġ
ҶȺȻԤУӦ֮ģǲĳ⣿
ʹ˼һ˵һˮ̻ı֮һ䣬·סˣģǰ֮ĻйأЩˮˣҲǶչˣȫˣҿʱϢһʱ䣬Ⱥ֮ĳ׻ָƽ˵
ƽ֮ĳٵһŷǿŻйأ
ϧûʵҪУȻȥսһ䣬һ缸Ҫȥˮ򣬴Ӱĵ̴󷽷

ʴЦ
ֵ֮һЩҶҪϢҶҪһͷŵū˽뷿䡣
ʥ顢ūЩ꣬⸽УҰѷ񸮽ǣΪԼҲ֪ʱܴӺ֮Ļֲܴһͬȥ֮ģ
Ҷ룬ˣְѷ񸮣˷飬ó񵤣Լָ֮ÿˡ
ڵū顢ʥȾˣҶȵĻûκһһ˼רУʵ
һ󣬷顢ʥ뵶ūʹ뿪˾¥
Ƭ½أȻûˮ򡢺֮ǰգУҲģպð꣬¼ʲôͻȻ״ҲôӺ֮ģϹ
뵶ūҶȲʧȥȻҪһʧĴ㡣
߶ǧͼʼվ¥ΧԼ֮Уͬʮÿһ½ءռ䡢ɽɭ֣̺Ϣͬγɲһ꣬һǧͼԸĲͬһꡣ


1869 ޳ɡޱ
ɽ֮ʱҶȾһδεڴ
֮ҪŴǧͼ¼ޱص硣
һʼʵֵŵԣ·ҲӦҶʶѪںһСǧΪ˶еȸԾ
󷨣Ҫ̤뺣֮ģ뵽ǰƤӦ飬޷γΪһʦҶȵ֮á
Ϣ֮󣬼֮ǰУԪȻﵽ˶λ״̬ڵʵԶԿκεͽλֻ߲ҪҶģնɱκεĸ߲
߲ʮ̫Сˡ
ҲǸո̤磬̲ʱϲʮǿ󣬵ڣϲֻǵͽѡ
뵽ɽ磬硢ĩԼ֮࣬ʱ𺳣ˣԭ֮УΪСġ
磬룬ȥսƽܡ
֮УȻӸڷ䣬һŮӵǵ
һһӵŻ𣺡á
ֻǣԵúܳĬԸ˵ԥ˰죬ŵǴȥսƽܣƽɱѾ䣬ƽܡ
ں֮ģ־棬ҲʹļףҲ뿴Ҳȥսƽܣ
粻ܰԩȻ䣬ƽܣ˱޳ܣʹɱ֡
֮ĵ䣬ĸƽǰ׺թ磬ҼȻ֤ԩѵͬʱʧȥ׸磿
á
Ե쳣ŮӵĹػһδεȰ裬ƺҲΪ
ƽܣǺ֮ĵһ䣬һǿߣԱǸҪȥսһ䡭
Ҷȸоܺ棬Ҫһº֮ЩĴʵ
ȻԱߵӣȥս˵ΪӽЩ䡣
Ӧ͸˷䣬Լһ硣
ˡ
ڴʱҶ벻ǣȻոտǶ÷Ľ磬һ΢ʹӽ
ҿǣ
ٿĴŭɼôߣȻһǿԪֱҶȵķ䣬ϯ
ᣬðֻһָӦ֮
ҶȿɲͻȻһǿ߳ΪˣңΪС£ͻ໥ɱΪͷ
Ӳֵá
˭Ĺ
ӵԪ񣬼ɨ
磬Ȼ˼нͣҪ̫ƽϣԷֻһϲ񣡣
һŮӵԪ񣬱ӻҪһҶȷ֮⣬ҶȵĽ磬ֻһ߾룬պðԪƾء
ȻôӦҵϢ
Ůӳ棬Ҷȶ༸л⣬ĸ࣬ŮӾȻܴԽĽ磬ӦϢ
̫˼˰ɣ
ҶһԼĽ磬ʮģ֪¥ûпֲǿߣûаѽǿ״̬ҲܣӦ
һʱ䣬ã˺棬ãղŶԷ䴫пҲλŮӡ
Ҳ˵ǸӣʵǿŮӣĳַ棬֮ϣⲻòҶȶøе档
ܾôˣȻŭ
磬˴ˣֻһϲ񣬷ˣҲδõʲôһ֣˻л·
ŮԵúܼһҪӣҶȳ֡
⵹ʹҶȶŮӣøУû뵽̤磬ôһƵŮӣ磬Ҳ
գ
գ겻ŮӣֻˣԵúΣȻŭ壬ôǰԪ˻ȥ
ȻԪϢһͬʧ
ҶһֱԵúƽԷǿԪԸǴ̣ûģΨԪ
µȷҲȣκˣΪսðκ˶ɱģǺ
һЦͷߣҪǸӣ᲻ա
Ȼӵã̫ˣô꣬ϼԪԪãĶôףٵĴˣ㣬ͷŹһˣ
ˣǶԴĶˣöĴȻԷֻһϲΪܿǣ磬ȻãͲҪţսƽܣ
ŮԵüΪģƽܵΪȻﵽλʥں֮ڶ֮УΪǲߵģʵﵽ˸߽λʥ񣬶һͨ񣬴ǲĿ
ƽܡ÷ģ粻ȥ£
ӰŮҲ˵ʲô
λʥ񣿿֮ĵ䣬ʥΪôŮпܣҲʥӦöǵͽλʥ񣡡
ٴ߶ߣϢ˼졣
Ȼ뿪˾¥ֻǰ뿪ͳһϢꡣ
һ£Եٷ磬ֻ˫ͫһֱҶȥķȻ󲽸ȥ
Ŷ
շɳǳأ֮ķȥҶͷŸӦûиӦʲôףҶϰԵĲ衣
κεطҪӦΧû쳣ûиӦȴһƷϵط˹
ͣ£Ҳٶȡ
ҶȼӿٶȣҲٶȣ룬Ҷȱ³˴ݣпܣǵھ¥Ƕֵӡ
Էʥû뵽һֱû£ҪԶǳ֮ٶҶ֡
Ҷдǧͼ˿Ҿ㣬ӦʥĶߣκεĿռ䶯Էֲܣպһӵпռͨʥ
˰죬Զ˳ǳأҶ˫üͻȻһǸӣٶͻȻӿʮҪ֡
ڻ֪⡭
δһʱ䣬߶ǧͼǹƽؼ

ڰգҶȸպײһ֮ϡ
˺ʮȻȻȵؿǰʧһλꡣ
ҶҲ֪ݣɵʵ˭ΪͻȻ³֣ƺ£δʲôޣ
곤ﶯСӣ㲻ǵã֮ǰͷŸӦ𣿡
㣡
һ𾪵ģȻæͣðʵ֮٣ΪͱˣһϢޣȻǴﵽ߲ĴڣֻǸλϲ񡭡
Ȼɱ㣬ȴҪϵΪ˭ߣ֪ҲΪã꣬һھȻҪϵҶȵΪ
ΪҲɱ£
ͬΪһΪһӵ޷ԻŻصĵطȻ󰲰˹һӣϾţ޳ɾɱ޹֮ˣ
ꡰ޳ɡ˵
Ϊ
һɨ޳ɣҶб㷢ЦջΪֻǵһŭΪʿǾ
ҵģ
ٿȻ޳ͷųʥľٶȣѾҶȵǰ
ҶҲҪ߶ǧͼͻȻȴˡ
磡
ԱͻȻһλŮӣˣԵ͹͸޳ɳ֮ʣƾһ
ã
޳ɱȣҶǰ֣
ŮĹɫ㣬㷢¶࣬ͷһ֧µķ磬ǵһԪʱǵļ屻ֻӳʱڱ֮ʱһ׷ɱǵĵˣȴգһ·ѵ㲻ǵãʱǿߣζ𣿡
СӣãޱİɣӴ֮󣬶ٴ⣡
޳ƺҲܵյĴĮȻתطǰ
ԺߣҼסٽ
ΪޱŮӣȥֻʮ˾֮꣬ʣƳһҶȣȴ־ɣɫ


1870 ʯ
ޱ˵꣬޳׷ȥ
õ˼
פƬ̣Ҷȼ֮ķȥӦū˵һɭ֮Ǳޡ
ҲյԬʥϢ¡Դϣ̻ᡢñիÿ궼ȡ񵤣ǹӦ
ڻʥȻϤҵԬκìܹϵԬҲǸˣ֪ʥΪǿ󣬱ģûʥ⣬Ҳ˿ʱ䣬ȡӸ߲񣬳
һУҶȾϲӷ֮д
ǳħ硣
ԭȥ̫ʥأƾ˰꣬˴ҶóжˣҲۡ
жԼͬһ꣬Ǿ纺
Ҷơ˵ʲôȻһ˼Ҳ뾡취ʵҪҶɱâƬӣΪѪӡ
ҶҲԼˣ֪ʲôʱʲôΪع飬֮ԽһУ޷Ԥϡ
õӦ鿴أĸı䣬ӹɵġ
֮Ҷ˼֮صľͷ֮УŨҵˮ֮һΧѾƬɭ֡ɽһƬϵĵò
ҲǰңԶķоİʻص
½صľͷҶȼ̤Ϊµˮء
һʱڼʱԵǺӵһĻ
⸽ӦһΪʯǵСǳأ
ϵͼҶȷڽӽˮĵطһǳء
ʯǣ
һʮֹϵĳǳأ½ʿˮϢıؾ֮أҲΧΨһһǳء
ʯǣȻĵطҲʿϢ֮أȴûʯΪʯǵˮǺ֮ĵڡ
ѰһᣬȻ½رԵˮ򣬴ʮһΰɽһǳء
ڳǳضӦˮһ͹ĸԭɸߵʯƺ׹ԭʯ沿֣ȻĴ
·ʯˣ޾ˮˮ֮УӣҲкǲ֪ڿʲôˮȻǵĴڣĻϯʯ͸żֲɣį
ɽǳм̵Ľ磬ڶһŻ
һŻûӽ֮УҶȸӦ̺ĸӦͨӦ󷨶ûκηӦӦġ
Ҳ󣬵ȴʿϢոս룬ӭҶҪʲôҪҪʲô֮ġ
̷ֵ࣬Ϊӵеı
Ҷȷִ౦뺣ģΪ̺ˣ½رûеˮϢֻгˮıŻдˮ֮
СֵܣҪ򵼣ೣˮߣ٣ˮЩ˽⣡
һ·̷ܵɫﶼУȻһһװεѮߣӣ߹Ҷʩʵ
򵼣
˵Ҫں֮ģԼʯǣҶȶ˽⣬ֱӷ֮ĵģʯǣΪ˽һ˽ˮ뺣֮ĵ
߼Ҷ⣬æۣͯ۸Ҳȥ֮ģֻҪһƷʯȥԶˮǵÿ
һƷʯֻǴ·۸治ˡ
⣬ǰˮΪ򵼣ˮҲҪðżΣգһƷʯ˱գǾǱˡ
Ҷȹ֣⣬ǰȴȥϢĵط̸
úãȻСֵˬ죬ʹȥʵϵĵط
Եúܸˣʾ֮󣬱Ҷ뿪ֵ㹦ǰͳһҹģСľ¥ֻͨһ㣬ռҲһƽ
˽룬ҶȲ֪ȸСȫ漸ϯСˣҲԵˣŶһС¡
֪СӣҪȥδ
һӲˣ˵ƣȻʵ
ȥ˵֮еĺ֮ĿһҶһ̸߽һעΧ󲿷ΪҲﵽ߲Ҳв٣ʥΧԸӦʮˡ
󣬲֣С״ȥ֮ģĻ治ʱСûбҪ֮£Ī̤뺣֮ģ
ǰΪΣ
Ųʮɣ֮ǿһߣĪɱñͲƽĺ֮ģ׶
ʮꣿǸպã뿪ʥأ֮ĵʱ䣿
ԭҪΪ֮·һˮ׿ÿʮ֮꣬ߣۼһһͬȥɼȻԷ䣬滮ʮϧǿΪ˶øĿʼǿߣᣬ֮սҲΪİˮ׿Ҫ֪ˮ׿ĿʯһʺĲϣԼ۸񲻷ƣ˶׬һʣҺ֮ҲͨԶˮҪÿȡãҲԴһʣΪǿߣΪ֮ĵһߣʵ󲿷Ϊƣ
ԭˣһΪƽܣ
СԭҲйţƽܾڽ뺣֮ģһƬˮ֮ϳưԣһʵС֮ģһжʮһҲвǿߣҪ֮ͨģˮģҪϽɷã
渵
ҶȳĬһʵ֮ļȻˮ֮ϣ֪᲻к֣
϶еģһ㲻Ϯź֮ģϾ֮вǿߣǻѡˮߵ̶֣ǸеǲҪᱦҲҪץסʿѹǵˮ磬רŷʿ˵ں磬ūҼ۸ΪŮΪϡУ
â
Ͳ֪ˣ٣治֪ǵâûйϵСΪ˲òҪڴʱ̤뺣֮ģ
ǰ⣬죬òһˣ˵ʲôҲҪȥʶһ֪ɭ֮⣬й޾أ
ȻСִˣ޻˵СҪȥඨᾡСӰȫȥ
ͶлǰʮƷʯһ룬Ȼʱǰ
Ҷȼóһö䣬ע£ߡ
û뵽Ҷˬ죬δȸһ룬ãһ˵ҪҶȥϢĵط
ҶȸȥſʱȴһϤӰպþ¥
޳ɣ

޳ƺżʲôҪƵģҴǷȥ
ޱأ
ȴ޳ɵãȻһͷҶԺ𣺡Ī޳ɡޱҪȥ֮ģսƽܣ
Сӣ߰ɣѵ
ǰ֪λãΧתһתϤһ»ȥϢҶҸڡ
ҪСģвˣǸɱԽĹòҪ뿪ʯǣ˹ܣȥ˳⣬Ǿܵش
֮ʣѺһŶȥ
Ҷȼ޳ɷ׷ȥ֮ڳŻ֮ǰ޳ɣȻԵúܴæ⿴˿ΧƺȷʲôȻ뿪Ż𽥵ڿա
ҶҲŻ޳ɵһᣬȻϢط֮ķΧмպҪǣ޳ٶ֮Էǲ⼸ע⡣
ֱԶʯǣ޳ɲͷʥٶȣ˵ƿնȥ
ȻҪȥ֮ģ
󷽣ҶȻֵʯգǰ޳ɷȥķþ޾ˮ
ڿԿ϶޳Ҫȥ֮ġ


1871 ˮ
ĿΣʱֻһˣޱĺǻޱһˡ
ޱҲ޳Ҫȥ֮ģƽܱ𣬱ػʱʱ̣̿ע޳ɵ١
ڲޱӰһ̫
Դƶϣ޳ɶȻޱҪȥʲô顣
ܣƽΪ籨
ȥȻȥ޻ء
Ĭһޱʧȥ磬ΨһҲʧȥ
ಣ
߶ǧͼҶʥ߽λٶȣԽ޳ɴʯϿշӶκ֮
Ϳ쵽ˮ޳ɱ㣬ˮĥĥ
ȥӦƽܱɣ
ۿҪ̤ˮ򣬺Ȼһ޳ҷ͸
޳һͷǿƣҪѰԴڣȴһӰǰʱʱ¶ŵĿ⡣
㣡
޳һ۾ϳоɵˣȻ֮ǰնɱǸϲһЦ²صĺٶʵӦòһϲɣö˵ܣ֡㵽˭кı
Ȼֻһϲܼʵ⣬ҲһԵ֣ȥƽܱȻȥȥ޻أ
ΣɱҴ磬ܰװ޶ã
ֻ뵽ޣȴǰҸϧڣҲƽ£ã㣿ʿ磬㵱˵թĺ֮û㱣³𣿡
á
һ޳ͬͷȣɫû㱲
£ȥĴ磬ҲĿͲҪ˱ҶٴȰƳԷɫҲɫȻࡣ
磡
˿̣󷽺ȻֶһٻӰ
ã
޳ɵתٻӰҲޱ
Ҫȥƽܱɣб¾ȥɣޱΪĺȵ뼸ԶּͣҶȣΪ⡣
޳ҡͷ͵ֻź֮ķ˼磬뿪֮أ
ޱһֻɵЦݣ𣿡
Ӵ˾ٶ˵ٻ
ʲô
ޱǷĵ¶΢ЦְĿҶϣһ⣬ü磬ĪҪ˼ң
ҪᣬϤһˮϢϢһȥ֮Լˮ棬˭λ¸ǣ
ҶȸоԼ̫ˣ֮󣬵ͷͨٶȣתʯǷȥ
磬㲻ϲԽԽ𣿡
ã֮Ĳޣκ˶ҪνӴֱܷԷģڴˡȷЩ򵥣ȥɣ
ԶգҶֵܶԻת˲ͷʯǡ
ҵ˰ŵϢ֮أҶȾϢ˰¡
һ죬Ҷȷɳʯǣʱ޾ˮǰʮˮķֽ֮ء
ǰںˮ
Ҷӣȥ֮ģǵٶȣˮ⻷ԼҪңˮ磬ʱʱ̶̿з籩ãҲǿ¾Ȼﵽ֮;УмתվһЩΪｨҪתվϢҲҪʯ޷ģ
Ҫ̤ˮҶϸţ޾ϸ棬ɼΪ򵼣˾жḻ
ˮߣصһ㡭Ī£ĪǷǣҶӣǧҪס㣬Լ£ǧʣˮ磬κ˶Цпܾذף֮⣬ҲҪһЩˮϵͨӽˮͻ㣡
ֶһϸ˾ͿʼҶȲˮһ̿ʼ뿪½ء
Ҷȵһˮ֮ãʽʼ
һ֮󣬵ҶȻͷ½ԽԶȥҲ֮ǰǷ˼
뿪½֮ؾҪ·ˮͷŵˮ֮Ϊûжˮϵй˽⣬һյģˮ磬ԻȡٶҪ½أǧٱ
ûɭ֡ɽƽԭֻ޾ˮ
ˮǺڰ䣬ʱʱҲк㣬ˮɫͷһоһ޵׶Ƶģ·ֱ
ɫɫˮ򣬴֧ɫɫԺ֧ΪֲͬˮȻʱύһ𣬵ֲͬˮʣֻһСֿںϣ޷ںϣγ֮ǰӵɫˮɫ
Ҷ벻ףʳ⡣
ˮһ֪⣬ֻ֪뺣
Ҷӣ뺣ˮȫͬ㿴Щɫɫˮ򣬾֧Щ֧ˮ֮Уˮһ֮УΪӣǺĸˮ棬ӵֻͬʺӵˮںȻ㿴ǰɫĺ֧ˮֲͬˮˮʣȻ෴
˴ŽһȻΪҶȸ
ͣҶȽ٣ˮˮϡ
˶˫վˮϣκβơ
ͷһԪشˮ֮С
ͣ
ˮʣȻʼų˵ԴǶʱһֽѹԴǿмˮ¡
ҶףΪ಻ߡ
ҲͷһͨԪһ¡
Ԫˮ£ʱ͸оһųޱӴ޷жȻƾ˵Ԫѹˮ棬Ҷͷ̫һҪ뺣ˮʣʲôͬ
һΣ̫һͨԪڻ£ٴνˮ£һԵˣҶԼȥ·߲ٵһˮʿˮ˵ĺ棬֪ͣ̽
ˮ£ͨԪϱżҶȿһ˿˿̫һ֮ˮӴ
ɲǼ䣬̫һڵһʱ䣬Ҳܵų⣬գ֮ʣ֮ˮͲų⣬ΪҶȴ߶̫һպˮܵˮ֮Уܼʡ
Щʣ̫ӣ̫֮࣬࣬ӾˣЩʣܶʵҶզ࣬ҪʲôԱȣɽʱɽٵࡣ
ˮ֮УƱͻ磬ۣˮ棬ʲô̫ͨһҶ֪ˮжپʣЩʴ඼ܼϸ΢ĳȻһֲˮ֮УںϸֵˮϢΪˡ
̺ĸҲҶȣ޷塣
Ȼ֮УȻҲǺӣЩȴʺϴգµˮȴ̫ӣգգҪ뾻ҲһƴĹ̡
ˮ֮Уĳʡ
Щʵʣͬ壬ҪųɾͲˣҽ壬ҲôԪ񣬱ûӣᡣ
֮ˮ½شȻĲ֮ͬ
ЩˮԼʣҪɾҲҪܳʱ䣬û̫һԻ⣬ˮ磬ֹͣɣһպˮԼǾ鷳ˣ
ӵĲ֮ͬȻҲԽ֮УΨһİ취ֹͣɣʹϢһÿһ޷䣬Ļľֻȱѹ
ҶӣӾ˿ֲȫʺ࣬ҪСģȥǰĺ֧ʲôͬǳˮкֻмγֹǲſˮϣˮΪͬɱ
ִҶȷǰĺ֧ҶȽ档


1872 תվ
㣬ҶˣԽ֧һϸĺ֧Ϸ
˵ϸ֧Ҳʮ򲻼ͷ
֧һ
Ҷӣ֮ˮкܴ֮ˮҪܵƵģǶ٣Խ뺣֮У
˴ҶȣƮĺϣȻͷһԪԺɫΪĺˮ֮С
Ԫ֮ȴȥҲ𽥱ѹˮ棬ȴû֮ˮӦǰҡ
ƾۣѿԼ뺣Ĳͬ
֮ˮǳʣ磬ˮ΢΢͸ģҲû෴еӴĲ־壬Ǻģ䡣
ҶҲ߶ԪͨԪ̫һ뺣֮С
ոս뺣ˮ֮Уоûжٲͬ𽥵ģӭһųѹԪʼҪǺˮԼʵʣܶȾˣأںųԴ
ִ߶̫һʱȻȻ̫һ֮С
ģ̫ͨһҶȸӦˮ಻ͬ
ˮ֮УҲʵģǲӵһ룬ͬҲиʮָӣȴûǿʢȻˮܶȣҪԶԶ֮ˮҺˮŨҵĺΡ
뺣ˮγһرĸʴɸʴúˮҾеʣɸʴҲҪϢֻǲǿҡ
֮ˮ뺣֮ˮˮʾűʵĲͬˮ̺ĸʴרſƻ֮ˮǳ꣬еģͻԺ֮ˮų⡣
һӵĺ޷뺣޷棬壬Ȼǿ棬Ҳ⵽̭
ˣͬΪˮϵˮʣǸպ޷ںϣ໥ƣ뺣̫γɶ
ȥӡ֧һ𣬵ûһˮںһģԶų⣬֮Уûһ˿ˮˮ֮УҲûκκˮ
ڲ뵽âΪһֱɱֱʧ
Ȼ뺣ǿߣͬ࣬ͨ󷨡磬˴˵ˮ֮Уȴ޷
ԭˮ޷ɱ˴˵壬Ϊصſˮú½أӡʿ̤Է硣
Զǳˮ˷еĸ߶ȣҲԶˮ棬֮ǰɣʮɡ
ʱ䣬ѿʮ뿪ǳˮˮ·ȻӡĴ֧
ˮӡ֧ˣ˵֧ȴﵽʮ£ˮ·ȻȻһֲζ
ҲҶȣˮ򣬾Ҫʱʱ̿СģҲ˿⣬νˮʵ㲻ˮֻǱǳˮ΢΢һЩ
ˮӡ֧ޱȣκεʣããޱߵˮ棬ˮ档
ڣϡܿӡ֧£һЩˮɽ壬ҲЩˮֲˮϢҲԽԽܼвϲ뺬и߲ˮϢ
¡
˷ʱǰͻȻһɴˮˣΧΪһʱʲô״
ҶȲҪţǶӦһЩˮѰˣˣڴˮ±
ȻʮϢһ֧ϷƯʮλм˿һˮ£Ѱʲô塣
Ǽˣʩ
ǴΧˮûзʲô¼·ߣҶһԣЩˮѰˣѰұ
ЩѰˣΪϲ񣬸߲ΪҪ󲿷ֶǸ߲񣬶ֻˣһǵͽλһ˴ﵽλˮ֮УҲԶ֧һС
齨飬ˮѰõıڼᣬԺ塢
ˮı඼ЩѰˡ
ಣ
Ʒһ
˻ŽĿȥֻһŮ֮зǸı˷ҶѰ˶
СЩˣ
Ѱ֮УΪߵһ£һ
λбҪֵģ
ˮϣˣҲһԵЩˡ
Ѱһ߳ʩǷһЩ۵ıǼλ⣬Ҳ֣
óǸŮӣ֮һüһ͸һЦݡ
Ѱ˵ͷһ磬Ưʮͷˮ֮ıЩееһЩˮʯ
ͨһԣ޹֮ҶȣƳһۣҡҡͷ
涼ͨˣ
˺ʧȻֱӷ֮ķ
磬ҺûǼڣЩ˿߲ƣѰǼ٣ЩɱԽ
Ѱ֮Уһ̾̾
Ա˰ѱ𣬰ЦôῴЩ˵⣿Ҫ۸Ҳ̫ߣЩֵܣˮðΣգɱܵģص½أȥ̻ύףֵã
ˮߵˣǲ򵥰
˰нҶСЩѰˣǶкĻ

Ҷ֪ȺѰˣӦҵһıֻ̫нģҶ֮ģеģҲҪҵ籾Դ
ǣϲߵݣǾްԣǿƵѰһλǿĵ³ˮҲѰЩȥ̨֪ûõóֵı
ԷǶҶȣûжٽģһϲǰ治ʲô֪Ҷȴ򵼣ӦǳˮһˣΪͣб˵ķһʡ
ÿСҪʲôԷϵ˵δϾó
һˣû뵽ҶҲ빺ЩȣҶȣҪ߼ۡ
ŨϢ籾Դ֮ıҶȵ
ǺǣǶǺñﰡ۸񡭡
۸˵ǱǿԺú̸һ̸Ҳܴ˵ʯ߰ɣ
籾Դ֮ıûУһӵ̺˾ͬҲž
Կһ
Ҷȵͷ
Էһ⣬֮УƯһʯͷȴֲʯͷĹֶȻ̺ϢҲ
Ժ壬һ塣
Ȼ̺ǾͲ࣬ģҶĥһƤӣԷҲ֪ȱݣǧƷʯ۸ɽ
֮Ҷ˷֮ͨģһתվ
ֶ̺Ϣʵ̫ˣһЩ̺Ȼ
֮УҶڰ͵ЦУ޷˵νֵԼǧ£ҶȵڼһˣѰ˵ҲһüǮ
˱ҶҲûԼգֱӸͷ޳Եˡ
Ҷӣ㿴תվ
ͻȻǰһָ
̿ȥҶȹȻһƬʯǳˮһླྀʯѻһɽĽʯɽ
СֱԼǧףʯɽΧֻһĸӦ󷨣̺һؽ磬޷ʯɽڲ
ҶѸӦʯɽڲһնĿռ䣬ԼʿϢϲʥС
ʯɽӦ⣬̾һŻֳ߳ӣΪˣǸ߽λ߲
ھÿʮƷʯ
۸֮ǰ˰иҶͨҶȱóһʯӣһ˴˽󷨡


1873 
ʧǰǺɽ
ɽߣÿһ߶ж󷨡
ֱӰĿҶϣҶˮԱˣֻһ򵼡
ˣҶȣҪռ䣬ʿһߣ
ϲΪҪռ䣬֪һֻ򣿡
˼˸Ҷȱҡҡͷȥÿռɣ
һ죬ҪʮƷʯ۸ȸ˵ãתվշѺթǣ
ҶˣҲĶȥ
һʮʯˮ֮УһתվҲҪϢܳʱ䣬תվתվһƵķˮأ
аתվ̾ϢȾӪ̻ᣬ׬ͷȻڷգȴ澪ˣ߾Ӫ̻ᣬһҪеա
ź˽붴ߣ磬ǰһǧƽĶ߿ռ䣬ٶɫɫʿڶ߸λãʯ̨ÿʯ̨϶ʿ
˸оһ
Ҵ󲿷󣬶ϲ߲еʮˣΪͨ
ʥһҲûУ
ֵһĻ˲꣬Ǯˣ˵Ĳ࣡
ǶԼѰλãĪҪ£Ȼˣ£ûʲôʥءţ
֮ʣҶȶ䣬ĮȻȥ
Ҷ˵ûΧע⡣
䣬պʯ̨һҶ߱ǽڣ΢΢Ϣ
ϢһᣬҶȱʵҪˮ򣬽һתվ𣿡
ô˵أˮû½صķ棬ʵΪĵطʵɱ˶ԣ֮ЩߣĴڣЩתվҲǺʵĴڣĻǿ߷ǳأû֪ݣǵòЩתվĻΪ뺣֮Щ߲࣬ʥǿߣ˵ͳСĵػش
ҶȺʳһ⣺֮֮УûгԽĴڣ
˵Цˣ񡭡ʥǸ߼󼰵ĴڣһλʥˮҲǴǴ֮еĴڣǼȻ̤ʥȻʵ뿪ĺȥڵˮֻЩ˵֮Уʧ˶Խ޾ĺȥ˵֮е½½ǲ½أҲʥأ󣡡
Լ
ڣ񣬲ָ࣬ˣǴδԺ֮ģ˿Ȥֻ·֮ģϢȻˮ֮⣬˷޾ˮҲഫеĺǣǶԣˮǵս֮أ½׷֮أ
ǰʶ㲩ΧΨһһ֧âĺΪ󶴸ǵɷֲں֮ĸ
Ҷ֪ˮķ棬â
˴ž㵵󶴸˷˹ӣʮǰʮһΪʥĵطֹʥѹҲͦ䶯Ƕʱ䣬֮ĵ󣬶Ǽ£Ž׷󣬶̸
ʥ¼ҲŹû뵽ԹŽʿҲ֪
֮ȻʮӽʿҲǾȥˮ򣬼֮һʿģĸд·𽥶ᴫʥ¼䶯һʱ˲²⣬пܾ󶴸ĻΧΨһһ֧ԶһǺ۶
۶
Ҳâһڣ󶴸Ϊ۶Ϊ۶ŶǴﵽǰµĴڣâݺˮ˼Ҫ˱ᣡ
ǰһǳڹżУ⿴֮⣬ҲһΪĺ

üͷһ壬˰죬ҡҡͷ
ô᣿
Ҷȴ󲻽⣬ճ˵ˮߵӦöˮи˽⣬Ӧһ֧ӴĺΪβΪ֪
ֻһԭ򡭡ڵʱڣѾԪҲϸԪ˵Ԫ֮á
˳£ҲԻԪ
ʥ񼶱ܻԪѾǼΪټ
ҲĸԪҶɹԪһʵԽǿ󣬾ͶɹļԪԽ࣬ÿһ
ɽǬ
һˣȻҲԪ
дŴ֮ɹԪӶ
˼Ҷȳ˼ΪҶʮʧӣʶޣǹ⣬֪ˮţҪȥ֮ģɫɫȥԶˮܻˣ֪
ҶԵúƽֻһʱˣżϼصĶһڣˣȺӦǴڵİɣ
ӶˮҲ˽⣬ȺǳˮЩﶼ֪ĴڣһʮңԶҪʮ꣬ҲԴﵽңԶֻʥа֮䣬뿪ˮʥǿߣй룬ȥ
ϢУҶ˽֮Уϻ֪õѶϢ
Ϣ֮Ҷ뿪תվ⼸֮У˴תվ
뿪תվˮӡ֧Ӿˣˮ֮£ѸӦ߲񼶱ĺԼʥ񼶱ĶӵС
㣬ôˣ
һưɫ󴬣źˮƮ
Ҵ뷲ĴδͬǼ̵ʴɣһʮɳĴƺշС
Ϣˣһϲһͽλĸ߲ȻһСˣܱûеĺã
ӴϣɳʮӰΪߣȴһۡʮŮӣͷú˿ס㷢͸һɸòҲƵޡ
ʮϢʮһƬţһˣҶˡ
δŮӴһ֣Ǹ߲ΪŮӻһʥһָЩ˲Ϣ䣬뺣ˮ֮С
¡һ
úˮϢһΧȦҶ˷ʱһӺˮ֮г
ãǿ
ŵò
Ϊһͽλ߲񣬵ǿ׺ĵֻֿʵҲҶȲҪҶ

ôУҶϿıЩ񡢸߲᲻Ҷȵڣ
Ҷȹ˵Լϣӵм峤µȻ߶̷ͷһɷ籩ˣʱ߿ա
ߣǺ˺ţߣ
һûϵֻϣȻߣ׷ϸ߿ա
Ҷӣ鷳ˣ˰Ǻ֮Χһݺˮ֮ϵǿ֯ں֧·ʿǽԱһСߣ
߿֮УԸ߲ΪҶϲ߶̷š
ˣԶǵʥϢȷúûϿߣʵѲ֣ײڵĽƣҪǽˣ鷳
ǰˣǺˣҶȿɲˮ򣬵Ϥˮʥ񣬴߶̷ٶԽԽ죬ϲΪ߶Ȼﵽٶȡ


1874 صĲ繫
СʩչǳȻֻ򣡡
񡢸߲񺣵ں󷽣˫ˮ߿գ׷ҸϣںҲں󷽡
ǰڶתվжԶ
߶̷Ҷֻǿ뺣һξ룬ؼֹһˣԼͺðˣȥ磬ڻ򵼣ɲԼʵչǰ
ŵɫţ߶²һͷŻʮ·̣
ɷڲĵط
УǰԶһǳˮﳣܲ겻ɢǿȥһ㣡
ಣ
ٶȣԶλϲΪҶչֵٶȣѴﵽŵزЩ񡢸߲񺣵ƺż
ȥһ󣬾Ҫ׷ֻ취
ҶȲѰ˼취ȷɢעһⳡΣ
Ҳ뷨ߣ߶̷ٶȻ٣ͬʱһҶȣҶȱ
Ӱ
ǷҶȴ߶ͨԪʩչֻͨˡ
ʱʮҶȡڸ߿֮ϣڱһٶѾﵽĿĸ߶ȡ
ãСӰɢע죡
ҲͨˣҶȵĴ㣬һ߶ҶȵӰǰ׷ȥ
ˣ
Ҷȣڸ߿Ȼֹͬʧȥƽ⣬׹·
ֱ뺣ˮ棬д߶̫һγɷˣˣ˵һܣֹ֡
һлã˼ֱӴӸ߿ǰ׷˹ȥһᣬӦΧʿϢ֮󣬻һܳˮ棬˵һٷȥ
ߣ
˴Ӹ߿ֶ̾һϲ񣬵ͦӣڡȻڿߣֻˮ£ǲܳʱˮ´ȥʱӦ÷ɳˮˣ
ಣ
һץһһ߳ߣӨ͸س֣ȻΧط˼ȦȻһ򲻶
߶ˮϢʮУǸոˮ£еˮϢڶʱԸܵСӹȻǶˮЩɹȥ뿪ˮ棬벻뿪ˮʱմ֮Уڵˮ
߶ʱ׷ȥ
Ҷӣ޻˵㣡
߿֮УҶ˼ٷУȻǴ߶̷ҷλȥڶתվǴһ򣬷תվ
Ժ˵˼ȻµĳҶܣҪϵڶתվӹ׷ɱ
һתվ˾ûˣӵתվʵ
䡭
ʱǰգ޾߿֮УͻȻһĽ⣬·һףղһʧǻδ°ۼ
ҶȴӦ⣬̺һŨҵĵ־
Ȼ֮Уֵܳ־˵ǵ죬һǿߣˮ֮Уǵ⣬֮ʣͷŶ
ˡ
֮ʣӦȻڴ˿̣ǿҵ
Сӣǻȥ
漴һӺ
Ҷ˵类У˾Ȼ׷ˣ̫ˣҶȵֶΣϢӦÿ˦Ǻȷȷʵʵ׷ˡ
ӣǺˣ·ˣ
Ѿŵãûκɫ
ֻС
ҷ߿գֻֽķ򣺡ѺǴǿڵķȥǿߵܣǯƺˣ
뷨ʵڴ󵨣Ѻеǿȥ
뷨ǲȴҲǿߣпܶҶȡͬʱ֣һĺǸճڣ죿
벻ô࣬Ҷģúȥǿߡ
ʲô˻ˮ֮ϣУ
Ȼݣ뱻˴ŵľǿߣҶ̤ǿڵأֻҪδǿߣɹȥˣ˿ʱͨλǿߣһ˾鷳ˣû¡
ı䷽򣬷ʧĸ߿ա
󷽣ߣϵ׷δͷֲ̫ٶȣƺҶȣܶ棬ɻ֮뷨
˵ǲ죬ҲﵽʥٶȣҪ׷ҶȣҲڰ£ȫֻòʮ
Ӧˣ
ʯ䣬Ҷ˾ͷܼ߿գǰȻƮѩѩڵˮ磬һˮ
ǰô£ͻ䣬Ҷ޷ܣƵĺô˼µ硣
˽͵ⲻ֣ˮ֮У仯ʱʱ̶̿γɣʱǷ籩ʱǱѩʱ磬ʱ򻹻׹еˮΪȻ٣γɸˮͬǰıˮ򣡡
ԭˣ
߶龻֣Ҷȸܱ磬Ϊ֮ǰǵ⣬¾Ǵӱˮͷų
Ȼ
Ҷȴ߶龻֣͸Ӧһ𵭵ϢڵϢӦǸӦҶ˵ĳ֣ʱֹͣС
˵ϢҶֻܸӦϢ΢һ㣬ԪΪûκθӦ
һʥǿߣһʥ֮У
ô࣬Ҷֱˣ̤硣
ӣǲǾˮΪأ׷ɱ̤ˮһɴ̹ǵĺ˲ʵ
޷ʥĸӦǼУ˵ʲôⷢҲҪһѣ
ҶȻ˵Եһżģ
һˮΧѩ·ˮ棬Ȼﵽ޷ʶĺȣӦκκϢԼϢ
ʱ˿̣˷ڱˮ߿գ·γɵһɽУҶѸоصʥǿߡ
ڱɽ֮ţ
ȻϢ˽룬޷ӹҶȵĸӦϢϾڵϢȻ
ಣ
ͬʱʱҶԤƲ࣬һɫӰȻˮ򣬶ٶȿһҶˣֻм
ô̵ľ룬£ʥͿԿԽ
˼ˡ
ҶȼӿٶȣȻĳ˲һӰ·ɽȥ
ţ
ɽ֮УһΪ΢΢һ
Ȼֻһ֣ҲҶԣ·ǿߣҶΪѾġ
䣬Ҳպ÷ɽϷ
ƣ
ǰҶȣһ
¡
ӰͷһɿֲĹâűɽһ۵Ļ档
ʱбɽ˸պþ֪ʲôѲߣӦǰҶȡ
·ַʲô
ը֮ѱɽƽһɫӰһں£һ߿ա
û뵽ӣԾܾ˵ʢ룡
Ӱسںǰʹú˱ͣ
һֻжʮ꣬һ۵꣬ŮӰ˳ĺڷƻ͸űȺҪϢ
ʢ룿
ԶҶץסᣬ˷һȻһ𣺡ղǾ仰ѵǹ˵ģ
ҶٴθӦӣѼӵòʱԿ϶ӦҶ֮Ծԭ
ػǸߺˡ
û뵽Ϊˣ˼ҲܣòҶҲһŸǱޣǷµ飬лᣬȻر
ҡ繫ӡ͵ţһϲλرӣںˣʵҲ㻹ǿӰɣ


1875 
ҲҶȵӦ
繫ӣлˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȼס˲繫֣Ҳסòããˮ򣬲罻ʣҲҶȸеʮ
Ҳ벻ǿߣһ˳ˮ飡
Ͼ£ò繫ӣһƲߡ
繫ȻףûҶȣѵãˣæֱӰҶɱ
ÿˣŹԼˡ
ʱڷɳˮ
ԭˮˣȻƱ䣬ҲҶη
˹Ȼû׷ܷٶȡ
Ҷ˷ɳˮǰƣԼ·ڡ졢סɫˮ
˼ǰȥ˿ʼȷλλãҪȥڶתվҪȦӣҶҲģ˻źתվѰָ繫ӣԺ˳֡
ʥ񣬲ףΪҶİˣ֣
Ϻ˲ãͻ뵽Ҷȵƣ϶¶ҪҶҵҶֻһѡƹڶתվ
뵽ҶȾ̣ǰȥתվΣ
ʵڱǸӣҲδ򣬴ﵽתվѾƫתվˮ򣬲֪ǲǴΣգӣǻһѡ񣬾ڸϽȥﵽһתվϾǰˮҲ֪
ڻȥҲ뵽һ㣬֪ǲİˮʱУԪҲĲһۻصһתվǽڶתվпܱԤϵǰǿԻٶˣ
ǰʱ
ҶڿɿˣһΧããˮҲãȻ
ǳˮˣҲǴͣһֱ죬ˮƿ֮УʧˮǾ군ˡ
ٶﵽв£Ҷ˻˷ˮˮ򣬲ӣǺ󣬶ˮ֮£ǿϢԽԽ࣬Ҵͷȥˮºĵ硣
֪˴ǰһ֧֮УȻм͹Ľʯ
˼æ佸ʯ̾Ϣ򻽳һͼвƷƶڽʯ֮ϡ
ҶȽ붴֮пʼϢռ䲻ֻʮƽңΪˮ˴Ϣռ䣬ݳޡ
˵Ǵ󷽣Ҫ͸Ҷһ񣬵Ҷȷ͸񵤣ɼǰ۵ĹǺ
ԪĲ٣浹ûʲô
ϢҶɼŵҩҲһЩӡ֮Ԫ֮ǰӰ磬˶ĵԪҶȸûκӰ죬˭Ԫڲӵ
˾ڶ֮ϢϢҲֻǳһʱ䡣
ԣƶ̫ͼ޷û£СҲаƴСڽʯ֮ϣпܣ޷֣Ǳƿ˶Ƕ˾ͱ棬֮
Ҳпܣ·ʿƶռ֮ġ
ƶ񸮣ԻΪɳĴСϾвᲢ۵ġ
ΪģǾ䣡
⻯ΪȳҪϸ΢ҶκǿУʵԶ䣬ȻΪۡӦ޷ĳ̶ȣںȻ޷κǿҵ
ֻǾ̫߼ҶȲ뷸գֱ֮УǵӵԪʼΪ
һ֮󣬶뿪ƶķããˮ
ѰһλҶȼ
һ£
һ£ѾڶתվһҲδκεĽʯ죬һֱϲٶȣƹڶתվ
ǰ㿴ˮ棬ƺЩ壡
һ죬һƬ
Ҷھˮ򲻸ߵĸ߿գţȻ䣬ˮһЩ鶫ҶȵĿ⡣
̾ʲô̶ӣǿߣƬˮ򸽽⣬ˮܳӲ⣬ǵøСģ
һ֮ҶͻȻͣ
ΪǰԼ幫ĺ֧ˮϣһư쵺ƵĶƯԵúͻأֵǣǰʣȻڻƶ
Сˣ
Ϣһͬʱǲʲô죬ʯʲô׿࣬˼Ĵڡ
׿ϣʮƺľͷˣ޷һ¡
ӣ
˵ɫͻȻˣ

ˮ֮УҶһ㲻ͷŴӦⱻǿӦԼ粽繫ˮǱǿߡ
˵̰꣬ѸӦƶĹֶ
Ȼǰ׿·һϢʢĺΧˮ棬Ǳʮͷ
ʵﵽϲ֮䡣
ûʥ񼶱ĺˮ򣬾ǿߣҲȥǣ
ЩʿӦ⵽ץסӦúܿ죬ͻˮ򣬽磬Щʿ¶ҪΪūҪˮ磡ɫʵ˵
治Ŀȥ
һ̣Ҷ뵽纺ЩʿһָͬܵζһۿЩ࣬硣
ˣǰǲܾ޶ãǵͬ磬Ϊǵū
ӣ˵ʵҲ뾡㿴⸱ʵ⸱ӹǣѪգΪҲֻϲ
ҲһԣǰܵΣǰҪע취һ֣߿շУѰһᣬг֣һһ
ã
һΣնӦƺһ˲١
Ҷȼƻһ׼ƹһ࣬ǰ뼸춯
Ȼһк飬ˣˮͻȻð״̬ٴǱˮ£ʱһп
˹صٶȣûгͨ󣬱ȻǺ֡
ʣͷͷͷ߲񡭡
ûڳһοҪ֣ںʥأûлᣬ潻֡
ಣ
߶֮ԼǧͼҶʧڰգ䣬׺Ϸ׿ϹʮŮмˣӣҲΪ඼Ǹ߲ϲ
ǶǼΪƽлʥʵҲ֮֡
ޣǴһｻˣ
ݸޣ£СβһڣͲˡ
Ҷ߶ǧͼĵؽˮ棬Ȼ󻺻ûˮ¡
ʱڵĻ뾪˵ѹҪҶǿѹˮ棬Ҷʩչ̫һκĴֱܷ߶֮ˮУϢ߲
Ҷ󷽣ӻǵˮ¿ȥһϰ࣬°ĵۼס֡Ǵ̣Ǻ׺ҶҲĿ
һͷӽĴڣҶȵںʥͷ˵ĺӦͬһࡣ
һˮ£ж磬ƤԶŽˮеʣɺ࣬幹ȫһ
ȫɱˣץһͷҪ纵䣬Լ۶󶴸ȵȷѶϢ
ʱ׼ֵҶȣͷ뵽ܶ࣬ɱһͷһͷ
һҲͨ˽⺣֮ΧˮһҶȾͱκ򵼡ʿϤ֮Χˮ


1876 
ʱˣ
һ׼ĴܷҶȶ׼ãҲԶѳɹѺҳɹӹ׷١
߶ͨĴܷҶһ޵Ŀ
Ȼͬʱ޽
ٿ
Ҷȣͬʱں棬Ϣں޷״̬£̳޽
ͣ
޴ɱҶֺϷ
԰飡
ζ벻Χδ֣޽ţŷ֣ϧѾ
࣡
һ񣬶ҶȵĴɱ£һ񣬼ͬͻأͱɱӦϧһɫУˡ
һˮʧ
ಣ
ϷǺ׺ʼСβͷһͣ޴壬һɺڶ֮С
ҶȰܷڣȻߺʬ壬Ҳ̷ɳ档
ˣ
ʧĺ׺ϣʮʿ֪·˺£ֱѪðҶȻһˮ棬Ҷȵһۣһ¶ɫ
ԣҶھǣ
ͬʱӴĺ׺ҲĪʧˡ
λȥɣ
Ҷͷǿ֮䣬ˣϵĽƣһһʧҶѣǲŻع
æҶȵл֮󣬾ʧط߿ա
Ҷʱ䣬֪֪һС
߿գһͨػ䣬Ͻռ䡣
ɣ
̫ҵϷһĳ

֮ǰǽƣǱֳճصڵϡ
ͷȫƤʺɫһĺߣ˫󱳣ŲٷĹǴ̣ͷҲǹǴֻ̣沿û쳣֮
Ҷȣֿķ֪Ҷ֣֮Եʮ侲侲ҶҲ̬ܵȡ
࣬ƺ͸Ǻū
ҶȺܲˬ˾أš
ͣ
˫һΧ⣬ʱϣ⻹꣬Ҷͷ𣬲°ȼա
ž
𲻵һרȼһ˫Ȼȼǡ
ʹش˰ʱֱ˫ȼûѪ⣬¶ɭɭİ׹ǣʹֱУҶȵӣƺں磬У͸ñǲڽ¡
˷
Ҷͷų׵磬Ϊһ׵糤ޣһһ޳˵ͷֱ֮Уĥ¡
ڶҶȷˡ
ģҸʱ䣬ҿҹҹܵĥҶȻڱ֮ϣϢѾʧ
ѾĥĿȫǣ¶׹ǣڵϣѾûʣ¶ҧǵ󣿡
ҶȾӸ£û뵽һҲ֪
ϹŴս磬ҲսսµĶҺв٣Ҫ֪ѣֻ벻˻ƿص㶨Ե󣡣
ҪŪҪشҵ⣬ûشκ⣬ʵӦõλͣԺδ
ݴˮ֮£ֵǵĵǼֵ֮࣬ҳץ࣬û뵽ʵش
Ҷʵ㲻â
Ȼâˮǲ˽⣬ƬˮԼˮâȻЩҲâƣ
˵󶴸ƣ
Ϸ󶴸Ǵ󶴸ܱˮ򣬺ȥ󶴸ֻץһ࣬ȥ󶴸ף
۶أ
۶󶴸ڣҲֻȥΰˣǳˮĺˮҪܳʱ䣡
֪۶âûץסһλԺŮʿ
֪öûȥ۶âкŮʿܣâˮȻҲк󣬵ѾٻֺʿԪ֮ǰźâƬˮ򣬿˵Ѽʿ
֪
ҶȲ㼤ãӱվ
ȵΪʿ֪ʲôֵģҺ⣬һ࣬ΪҲ֪ʧԪ֮õĺ
֪ȻҲ֪治ˣ
ȻϱԪƬˮʱûʲôֻɽͨĹԼڵļ½أâ磬뺣һֱս֮Уδս𽥱âΧȫ𣬵ĺ磬ͳͳΪ·棡
һ԰˵ȻԹԼס

纺ĺ岿䣬Ȼǻ𣬻Ϊ˹ȥ
һҵǿʱ
ͨҶһ뵽ܶ࣬纺Ϊģʱϵ֮ɫˣâһֱǵжԹϵκ۶԰纴ߣȻʲôԭб飬ĻʱӦûʲôΣգԺ۶ݣԴ纣йأǼҪץһԺʿ
۶λ֮Уʥء
۶Ȼȴ
һΪһʿԶⱾ˺ܷѽ⡣
ֻһͣ۶ץ纺пܣâйأһ纺ĿǰʲôΣա
ʱҾͲȡСԺʱҲǲа㲻ʵСָûˣ
ҶȰһЦȻƾʧ
뿪䣬ҶȾͨص̫ҵ񵤡
Ҫ뿪ʮ֪꣬һʲôĵطʱ޷ܰ񵤣󶼻ʧȥ񵤣Ŵ󼪡
ҶȿƬˮ̰ˮ֮յľϣΪ꣬ǧͼ֮С
ɣصʥأҲһңٶȻʥΪⲻǷУǴ
֮ҶһƬˮ档
Ҷƽ¶̤ʵɫҲǷɹȳЩʿҶֻ˵˼˶ѣ˻ɣʵܰ˾ߣǲܷġ
һңܴﵽ֮ģʱ䣬ҵҸطϢ£ͨ壬񵤴׼ͨʱҪ񵤣ûʥԬһٶȣЩ񵤿ʮ꣡
շ֮УҶѼƻҸطϢٳ
꣡
ȻǰԶˮһɻĺȻڸ߿ɢ
ҶȻعüˣô£
עĿһ󣺡ڿӦǻ֮ĿʯǱǻˮģҪ֪ʲôٿһЩ֪
ǹȥ

ǱԴ
ҶԴõıܴһʲô籾ԴһȻӶҪࡣ
ҲδԣҶȷʧķ
ɳ̾Ϳʲô¶ϲӣǰӦˣۣ
ʲôˮҶȻһ֪⡣
渵һֻϵȻˮ»ɽ֮ʱˮɽ֮ڵ۽֮Уںȼ֮󣬾ͳΪϨȼʱ״̬գ۾˼壬Ϊۡˮ֮УǾᱻ˷֣Ȼ󿪲ɳȥۣҾʿˮѰۣ


1877 
ϡҲȥ
һܣҶѶȲҲһֱԴֻǱȲϻ𾫣Ӧʯȵı
ûֹҶȣٷȥ
κ֮˾һ֧ǰ·棬һȦú׽ʯһЩʯȦһԲΣһˮ
Ϊɵģͨһˮϵͨ֮У㾪˵ˮԶԶȥһС
λ⴦ҵֵܣǰģзıֵܣǾκζ
ʱ䣬ӰӸ߿շȻڰԤҶǰ
Ϊ֮УǸ߲һ
ҶٸӦ·ˮʮˣǿΪҲһ߽λȻûʥ񣬵ʮˣʵʥ
ڣҶ˿ڣвȵȻǼΪ̫ˣΪﵽǱȻǿơ
ಣ
ƺˣҶ˿ˮ
ʱһ棬ҲӰ
˼æɹȥƺҲҪֹ˿
ȷֵġ
ǸδˣѾһ飬ſżơ
ͣ
ֻһΣһףأûϢһҲûУոտԷ֪˭֡
ֻһ⣬ͫϣնСһᡢǷǵϡ
ԭ˶Ǹ߽λ񣬴ﵽ˰˽λʵŽλ£նɱһͽλ߲׾١
˼һĻʾҶĪˮʵΪֻҪѰ£鷳
ǶҲҶȡһۣȻû߷̷ˮϷ
һ˳ĿڵռȵˮѨˣѱǰնɱˣ֮ǰ·ʱĲ⼸ˣ
ǱǶ˴󲿷֣һ˽λǿʵ
Ӧһ֣Ⱥ˴ȥд󲿷Ѩ·ˮҲ㣬׿ɳģҪھ̫ˣҲŪ󶯾ѨݣûڶοѶȸߣ
ȥ˽ΪߵˣҲλȻ֮ϣʵջǵֲң
Ҳ뷨ѵûʥڵѰ飬Ǽˣ֮ǰһˣ޷ֵ֣ܼ룬ҵʵԿһλʥʣµҵģ
Աô죿
ùǣﲻˮӦˮƫ˷򣬲Ҷ֣Ҳ鷳
һȻһͬˮµض
˶ԻҶ֪˾࣬һҲ·ضкܴܣҪ˳֡
ΪۣΪԴڵӤҶҲ鷳õ˵Ϸȴ˵ȥ
Ȱ裬겻Ҷȣֻȥ
ˮضǰһضһˮѨΧнʯʯסˮ򵹹ȥ󣬲ҲŲ·ˮ档
ҶԾ£ϢѨ·£ԼʱײֳɫʯͷžӨĹâѵײӳһá
һϴĵ¿ռ䣬ΧضÿһضʿϢͷųǿۼ
߶ӦӦضһ֮Уӵо˵ĻϵϢ
ҶȾ͸ӦҲһѨжѨ˵ĻϵϢϢٲȻϴεõĻʯӽʮ˵дۡ
ಣ
ɣ붴ѨͷŸӦѨˣ߲ں¡¡
ӣСģһۣ
Ȼ䣬һԭϷˣҶȴ
˵ˮûжЩˮﶼʿӰɫɫﶼС
Ҷȶԣ˶ٶûйϵɱԽģҶȲֻͬᱦɱˣһ£ֻҪûвҲ֡
ʮͷɹĵ¶Ѩ˾ͷ·һ磬Ϊɢһʱʯ
٣Ȼʯֵߣ춴ȴǲġ
ǰһƽСĿռ䣬ǰӰڶԼʯһɷâԵУиʯ
۾ں󷽣ЩҲеܴͣŸӦ۵λá
Ȼҵ׼ȷλãҶȿɲܵЩˣһͨȥᡣ
ޣҲ࿪ʼʯ
Ϣ޾һʯһֻһͨеͨ𽥳ֳٶҪȼ˿䣬ٶȣҶȵõۣЩ˿ҲδͨѨ
Ϊ˷ֹ˷ͨҶȰͨȻ޺󷽣ƹ¿ռ䣬𽥿λá
ϵͿʯ£չƣ
ʱҶҪԡ
ಡ
ƷһӦԭˣҲ붴Ѩǵڶ
Ҷǣ֮Уһδ̺ˮϵϢһӦ½صһ֡

ֹʮҶȾˣ뿪ͨˣ˫խĿռ䣬ɱ
ͬʱҲȥһʯһâͻȻ˹
ҶһǰȻһȻĻҶѨɫʳɫҶգǽϣȼһЩֻȭͷСգ۾ĳס
ЩӦþˣ
֮࣬Ҷ̷ȥֶһſۣӴϢȻӦˣ𾫡ʯЩһĻϵϢۣ̺һˮϢǻϵںһЩˮϵ
û뵽ۻر̺ˮ˫ϵ
¡
ĺȻ䣬֮ǰЩұڷͻȻһ޳׳˶ĳӡ
һ£ҶȣԵ⣬ɱ⣬Цû뵽˽ȵǣôܱһռˣ
ͣ
˵꣬һһɻɳȻΪһҶ͵ϯ
˿һλ񣬻ǡʿ
ǾͱҲ
ҶȽһЦ޽ϯȥȻ²ۡ
䣡
һըǻ꣬ӱը֮У͵طǲٿһƬɳγɿµצǵذѹҶȡ
֮
˰ԵǿҶȲ濹⣬Դ߶֮ڻɳϯ֮£Ҷȵʧ
ţ
һԷȻٶȡ
ͣ
ոһһʱһϣһѪۣתһȴûκӰ
ɶһϲ񡭡
벻Ѳ˵ʵֱܴ裬˫̽ӡȺ裡
֮ͨԳ
ͷһһɴСʮ֮࣬ſצɷڻΧܣŭɶǣδϲ˵СӣҪ㾾ǰm˲ɣ
ৣ
ѰҶټ֮ʱҶһЩۣͻȻͱշɳҶȣϡﻩġ
໣
ͷҶΪģѸ͵ȥ


1878 ˮ
䣡
ʮͷҶڵĿռ䣬һҧըʣµһЩۣҲһЩͷΧס
ȻǻˣʣµۣٱҶȶߡ
ɸɾ˰ɣ
ʮֵ⣬ҶʧĵطʼѰҴ䣬ֵǣȻûҵҲûеõκεƷ
ƺһУҶʧˣ
ѵ
ȻһƺмΪµ飬ɫʱʣһЩۡ
ͣ
ĺ󷽣ոշɳһӰ
һڻˣŷ£һذѻ˺󱳷һ̳һѷ죬Ȼ󱳣°ָĽۡ
ǿһ԰Сȡ

תȻסʣЩۣȥȫ£ҪеҶȣʱ˫ĿɣҶ˴С
Ҷ޵еشΧ𣺡Щۣڱص֮ʶĻ뿪ͬҸڣ˵һлۣѱ˵õαҶȥһ˵㣬´ҾҪɱˣ
ԲѣòҪǣ
ʱȥصҶȣʵԽҶ飬ûҪȥȴ¶ɭɭЦݣǲܵģʹȥһ·ΪУӴˣˮʱʱҪ׷ɱ
𣿡ҶһĪǻһˣʲôͷ
԰Ц˵ǲ֪£Ǻ֮Χˮǿˮǵ䣬֮ΧˮġˮǵȺ֮κε߲ǵǣں֮Χˮȥ
ˮûŻ˵İɣ
֪ҶһΪⲻװģûʲôˮ֮ŵģɱ޳ɴƽܾ֮һ
Ҫȥˣ
һΣǿķƺҶȵʵӦԺ߷
ҲͬʱҶ˼ֱӷҶ
˫üһӻˣԭʱ䣬ͬϹһͬԸǰɣ
ߵЦĿͣڲףѾˣǵˣûһԻŵ
ಣ
ǿߣһ߲ǿߣĺȻӻˣ֮ǰֵͨһ·Ҷ
Ǵˣһߴ󲿷ۣ˼֣üͷʧ
һλϲ
ǣûƭǰɣ
ǿߣֱӰҶΧסһƣóҶΪСǿ⣿
εذ˿ڣչʾλֵܣ˰ɣ˵ϢͨǲˣһǴ˻һżΪĿռͨ
ռͨһ˼ΪԾ
ռͨǴ֮ͨУտռͨǴеĴڣδ̺ͨռͨġ
һҶȣСӣǼˮǿߣԸ⽻ۣҼǣ
ˮ
ĴˣԷ£ʵһֶΣҪסҶȣȻʧȥ䱸ͻȻ֡
Ҫɱ
ҶһֱΪȻŭһ֣ķ֣ͬʱҶɱȥ
ұص֮֮ǰ˼ɣڡ
Ҷ˹߶֮ɲǼʧ
أ
˿ʱҶʧˡ
ݣ
֮࣬޽Ǳһһ̳

˽ģһһ޽̹ʱӦʩչһ޽
޽ΧϵĴ̳Ҳʮѣһ˽һˣ˲ͷѵ޽

˱޽ǣץסʱռ䣬Ҷʣǰ߶򣬰۸ġ

ʯ䣬һӡӺ󷽣Ҷ޷ƥеƣĹ
Ҷ˫üһʱ߶֮ոҪʧʱӡպãٶȿٶһ㣬֮һλ
䣡
ʧֱ˳һ¶ƣֳ˾µı壬ˣо£סһͻȻӡҶȴײȣҲܵش
𽥻ָƮݰ֮У̧ͷǰһˣֶһ
ʥ񣡣
ϢҶȾףΪ޷ûǵӡԭ֮ˣȻʥ֡
չͷ֮ǰҶȽ߶£Ѩ¸ղһƣһʱ䣬˵޷ĵز
ͣһˣĿ磬ͷƣΧҲǵĴ֡
´ۣͬʥּõȫۣ
ݷ
ߣҸҾ͸Ϊʥֲ񣡡һʥͨϲ־ҶȲͬԵõʮ㡣
ãǽͰοţҪ壬Ϊū
󣬱̶֣ת֮䣬¶˹Цݣȥ壿ɼ࣬ںе³
Ҷȷһ䣬ҺܳԾĪˣ˵ʲôˮʲôɣ
ȻȥΪץһЩ֣ʶôļһȻҲܺ룬ȥ磬ūгҼЩץ࣬Ǽ²壬һΪӡһţ磬֮ȣΪǵˣһʱ䣬ǵΪյǺɣգȴ޷գ
ƺڽһʮҫ飺ץ֮󣬾ͻȻԼ㱻ߣʳˣǻ㵱йߣɼľԪеŮΪĶֱľԪʧݽ߶ЩΪ˷ֹߣ˫ȣöҩʴϣֲˮΪ˲Ĵڣص磬ҲᱻɺҪ֪ǺóԸ࣬෽벻ģ󲿷ֵūֻһ֣ܳΪйߣʣµģᱻԵᣬ͡һʻ࣡
Сӣ֪˰ɣ֪ǵ·˰ɣһԣԵʮֵĲ
ҶƽֻƽͬѰ·һ꣬ˣǡĪ˷ӣ
˶¶˵˵ˣǾǺ֮Χһ֧֯ǲʲô˶᷷ҪץһҪŮˣϾŮں磬ɾӣܶ볢Ůˣʲôζ
֪Ϊ㣬ҲҪΪūԱһ֣ѾĦȭơ
ҶԽƽûκεı飬ɨˣΪ࣬ǿڿƺԼࣿ
ȻȻĵǵȻ࣬Ҫֻһ⣬磬ʲô̫࣬ˣˣЩˣģ͸ɱɱ˿ϧ绻ˮ±˲ʹ˵λӵʵ
ʱҶڣȼܣ޷ѹƵŭڱǸֱǰװһƤʵȺҪɺޣͬ࣬Դȡ棬ˮҾһ仰ȥǼˮ֮һȡˮͷԼ˵ͷ


1879 Ϊ
ȡǵͷ
˶ʱ޼ɵЦ
оҶⷬǳ˵ΣҪɱǣмˮ
ⲻΣʲô
һϲ񣬻Ƕλϲ񣬾һǧ꣬ҲлǼˮĶ֡
ʱ˿̣ҲЦֹźʾ⣬ֽҶγɺΧ֮ơ
Ҷû㣬Щ˶֣֮ףûҪľ̴߶ǧͼһƾʧ
ȻʩչռܷͨŹˣ׷
һᣬ𺳣һϲÿռĸ߶ȣȻǿʥ
ಣ
ոͨ׷˳ȥ
ʵҶȲδ뿪ֻϢΡ
ʮ֮ҶȸӦ˳뿪Ҷֳ֮ˮҶ˵㻰֮󣬱ػȡͷ
뵽ھڵĺ
߶ͨ廤ס䣬ռ䡣
֪֪ˮ
ĻشϣˮţȷǺˣˮ˷ӣ˫Ǻ࣬ǧˣΪϵҺռˮ±Ϊﵽʥ߽λƬˮһ
õȷ֮ҶִӺУ֪ڼˮķ棬뿪ռ䣬̷ɳҶ
صˮ棬˺ܿӸ߿շҶһ뿪
˴Ҷȷתվ֮УҶѰҿϢĵطǻδҵһֱˮۿ뺣֮ԽԽͨ壬񵤣ϻʮһˡ
ҲҸʱ䣬ʼںۡ
һ£˳תվ
ֻתվ¡
תվ֮ǰҶȷһͨ壬ŴǧͼʮȥȻ˽תվ
ҸƧ䣬Ϣǰ͸͸֮ٳҲûԭ򣬿ʼչ
Ҷͨת֮С
ͨתûκζҶȻʯ̨ϣȥֻ˯һʵͨת̫ҵ
ϧͨ嶼ȥˣںۣȻֻдͨ壬һͬں
ͨǱһ֣ڷȥҶȶԣ޷˳УãԺһǿһͬںϡ
һץһſۣ̫ҵգһ£ȭͷСںҲˡ
һںγһŻȼյȻ߶ԴۣԴ֮С
ԴʼںۣһɻıԴϢʼͷţΧӤΧ˯֮еӤʼ˯۵ٶȣԽļӿ졣
ʣһںԴ֮С
ʱ䣬ھ䣬ӵ㹻Ҷеʱ䡣
߶Դ֮һѪӣȫƤ˫֣ơѪӡǣ鸲ǣβһֹƷ
Ѫʼ߶ҶڵҶԶ߶ʼȼգȫѪҺ
֮еޱȣʣµѪӣԺҪúﲻܾʹҵϣ
ܽѪ㲻߶ʢ֮ӽѪҲ˿ڿٻָҶȵǿҶȵĻָѾﵽʥ񶼲ɱȼĵز
ڣѪӻڳɳδȫ죬֮󣬽ѪӾˡ
һԴӤ
ӤѾӵʶͬһҪɳʶɳӤɳΪˣʮֻҲףؼҪӤѪӲһҶڣӵʢѪӿʱʱ̿Ϊ֣ϳɳ
ҶûУҲǻϵֻǷҲҶҲˣиպùãҪ񵤣ǧͼȵȡ
ԽӤҪǸбԴ
̺Ҳԣ
Ҷ֮Уʱһȥʱ䣬ܿ켴
磬һδ֪֮У
һ칬Ưռ䡣
ͨȻռ䣡
칬Ȼɽ칬а˷ƣԶһۣ϶칬
칬֮⣬Ȼһλӡ
Ȼǡɽ磬Ϊߡ
࣡
ʱ࣬һ£ͫӣ
빬֮ǰЦֻɲǣЦʹʧȻ߽ֻϷһӡ
ϷоһŹž
֪ž֮ʲôĶҲֻǵ˻֣Ŀһֱδӹž֮뿪
һ¡
һһ졣
ϷڽĿ⣬ӹžƿ࣬¶һ޷ļ࣬û뵽㻨ѽԪʱ䣬ػɽ磬ѰҹرĹž
ҲֻϸԪ֮ĩżȻ֣ɽֱϧֻҵž֪Ǳںδ
ֻ磬ɽ磡
лˣ¡̫Ͼŷ¿ʩչҪɽ֮У
Ϊ£һʲôԭڰԪûϢ׼½磬ȥ㣬ûԼ˷ѣص磬û㣡
Ӷ࣬ޡ
ƿߣݽ
һʧ
ֹʵɷ˹žϵܣ
ֻǼ¼ˡֻ񼣡ٵһ棬ûش֣õԪ֮ãӦְɣݽĿȻϡ
Щ֣Ͼɽ磬˰Ԫ֮ã٣Ҳռֻ񼣵ĴڣܰңҲϣܳԽԪõֻ񼣴УΪ߻񣡡
ģοһͬоݹžݽͷ
ݵϷݽ࣬ĿϣһŹϵƤЩġ
˽һݽƺն񣬶Ǽޣʱ๧óһʴ񾵡
̫Ͼ̫ˣջأ˫񾵣أݸݽ
Цడ࣬ѵ̫ܵϾǵ꣬λΨһӽߵƵϡʯɣһֱٲ
˵꣬ݽֽ̫Ͼ
֪ڴʱ̫ϾͻȻΪһŮӡ
ͣ
һĻ̫죬ݽ޷Ӧң಻֪ʲôʱ򣬳ݽ󷽣Ůӣͬʱ͵Ϯݽ
࡭ʲô
ݽ𺳵ؿźŮӣͷѰࡣ
ǰʱԳĿ⣺ɱˣ
ɱң
ݽ֮ԱǵĴЦ࣬ǻˣѵϹ֪Ԫµİɱңɽ磬ҲӵùԪĸӦ
ԪȷǲĴڣĿǰһңһڸңԪĶ֣
Ϊ
һ̣ݽɱı¡
ͬףش𣺡Ϊ࣡
СɱɣɱңҲˣԪḴң㣬һ˿Ԫ񶼲£
˭˵Ҫɱ㣿
࣬㾿Ҫʲô
Խݽ࿴Ůӣ׼߶̫Ͼѹݽ


1880 ȼյҰ
ŮӣȻҶȿѰңֶĴӡ
ξ
ϸı飬Ȼɽʱֶ죬ڰĵӡ
Ŀ⣬ȻǰĮ飬ǰͬǣڵȥûһͬ˲ٿصĿܡ
ݽξһ̫ϾҲһֶ࣬ܣ̫ϾǱıãҲδ뱾ʧȥӦ㲻ڱļӦ£
û̫಻ܣݽҲܣص࣬⼸ԪѾɽ֮䣬ﵽ֮࣬ûǰΪߣΪԪʼеУÿԵģԻΪܣòԵģǲܣ࣬ԶǰһѣܳԽĿƣԲԣ
࣬㾹ȻɽΣ
ǰ˾òܣݽҪɽ磬ҲҪķһ򣬵˵ʵף
̫ϾڱĸӦ£ܱںϣԪѵ࣬ȻͶһԪΪ̫Ͼ
ʱҵܣ㣬ҲԸԪ֮ãһֱ䵱µĹ͹ΪɽػߣҲǶŸ߸ڵĴң֪໨˼ԪһֱǱڵȴᣡ
࣬ѹңҵɽһû򣬺ܿͻᱻ˷֣ʧϢֽס𣬳ᱻԪ֪㵽ʱ֮أ
֮ǰҾ˵Ҳɱ㡭
վݽǰ˫Ŀ΢΢´֮⣬Ȼ⣬΢΢ͷһĿ⡣
ֻӰ߽һˣɽĳ֣̫ʼ
һһˣδг֮
̫ʼݽһѪ޷౧ȭϲ˳չƻݽռɽ
ЩС󣡣ݽͬͻ㱻ƷɴǷݰ
̫ʼԱˣĺȻͷЦݽݵöҼһԪߵ߹۱ʲôҲ޷˱ȼ磡
ЦЦȻ֮£ˣ»֪ݣ
»ݽǰ˫ͫٿȻһɾ⣬Ȼݽϣƣ¶޷Цݡ
ᣡ
»˫һϣòȻ̼䣬ûһݽ۴Ϣ̬һģһ
⡭⡭
ݽˣ
ݽ㲻Ԫ߶꣬һ۾ͿⲻͨûƾļʶӦ֪ݰɣ֮ϵ࣬ʱ˿̣ͷŵİϢںϡ
ˡ
ʣݽһ̾
»𲻷ЦݣҺ»ɽ磬Ǵ˵֮еġٱߡǻ֮飬ֻҪҼκˣκ壬նԷϢܱԷһģһĴڣһ˿ΪߵֻԪĴڣһϢһû㣬ֻԪſʶҵݣ
ٱߣ࣬㲻Ǹ˵ûɽ磬õ𣿡
֪̫ʼ䳰һεȴڣΪԺģ˵ףݽֻԪߣһһ΢ĹԪжٸֶ֣Ҳв٣һﵽʥĹ治ʲôǵĹֻһߣδᳬԽԪΪ֮еĴڣ
ԲѣǾ͵ɣ࣬Ļ㲻ֹõֻ񼣵ܣҲõʣֹһʰɣ
ֻ񼣣磬ÿһ󣬶õĴڣٵԪʼ񣬶õܣԶ֪ĿģֻõɽɽֻԪʹ͸ģӵ磬ʹԪˣԴݺ磬˵ֻǰɴƻһӣ㣬ԪҪһΪӣ񣬶ְɣ
˵꣬ؿξ
ˣ
һ⣬߶̫Ͼ˲סݽһݽʡŤı£˱С
̫ϾҲ˲صС
̫Ͼ޾ɣ̫Ͼһ죬»صУؼҵĸоɣһΣʧˣʧȥ㣬һһʧܣ
ʱ̫ʼ롰ٱߡ»ڴ·࣬ξȥԣһ񣬱̿ԣûһ˿С
̫ʼΧ̾ɽ磬һԪΪɽɽԪʼ־ȥκʱ֮УԺߣ
Цĺܵ⣬ɽʱ׳־Ȼʩ񣺡ǽļƻ
̫Ͼģ˼һᣬڣʱ䣬Ǿɽ֮У»ݽݣ´ӡɽӴͣںܳʱ˷ѾԪ
ҲģԪô죿̫ʼ˲ü
ˡ
ɫҲָǿϢȴԵúأˣҲֻܣһʣԪˡʶԣǳҪǲϻϣһУҿֻ⣬ԪĿԣ̫ˣݽĻ˵ǲܣݽ֮ҲֻԪһΣԪܼģݽϣҲûԪҪ
ʱɽ磿̫ʼʵ
ȳ׿ɽ½һˣһΣҪùۣͥԼЩɽǿߣ׳ϴѾǣһǲǱҲֻĶΪһЩǿ½磬׵ƽɽ磬ɽǾŴߣˣɽ籾ԴҲԽǳնɱҲ޷նɱ󣬶ԸŴߣڻʱ
ɽЩɶļһ
̫ʼ󣬷·һ뵽ɽ磬ȺΧܵĳ
㵹һ㣬´νɽ磬Ҫֶ۴ΪˣкεȵĳɾͣССһɽ磬ҴҲǣһֱɽ磬ֻɽغܣҪǰ׼ֿܣҲɽг룬Ԫ֮ǰˣɽ磬ҪҺһͬƿɽ磬ôӦǣ
ˣĪҪǣΪеһЩˣѾ磡
ֶ۵ĵӣҶȣһħ֣жԹĳħԼһϲ磿ԼһŮʿǽĴʥ֮Уʵ޷ЩССʥؿ⣬ˣɽݺƣͲһˣΪǣȥðգƵ֮УͶһֱѰҵ䣬ٴκ
ħ𡭡
»ʱúںݽļ䣬ͨҪ㣬òݽһͨ棡
ǣ»Ӧ
ɣҶԣĿǰҪģʵûʵͷҲУ㾡ֻ֮ںϣֻصҲҪںһ硭һβҪ漣ҲҪΪ𣡡
¶۰µĳĿ⣬·Ļ̫ʼ뺮»Ϣ𺳵ֻʣ¾⡣


1881 ˮĸ
תվ
£֪ȥ
ͨ쵽ˡ
ʯ̨ϵҶȣĺȻ˫ۣ¶οЦݡ
Ȼ˽׼һ뿪תվ
ԼĪʱҶȾͨ壬ڰշ֮УһƬʱϢںϣһԵˣûзκ춯˵߲񣬾ʥҲԷҶȴ߶ǧͼϢ
ںϼ֮Ҷȵ֪⼸ʮ꣬
ÿ۵񵤣Ѿﵽǧţ̻ᡢñի̻ᣬÿҲǧÿҪ۽񵤡
˴ʵھˣͨʥԬйҪһ߼۸񣬿
˵ٶȣҶͨȥʮ񵤣ûˣ
ʥ֮ǿʵɨκο̻ᣬ޼ɵȻڱа˻ɽ˻ñիѾҪԽ̻ᡣ
ʥǸ߽λʵҪո̤İ˻ӣڴѾָĸ֣Ѳ˻ӵʵڴչȥ
ͨȥҲ˳˻ӹͨκΰ˻ʥرչأûа꣬ԳҰ˻ȻΪ˴̫ӣҶһϢԺڴû˿Ժ
ʱ䣬ھںۣԼͨʵһߣǻδﵽλв״̬
عҶȸоʵ̫С
ǿŸʡͨʵˮߡ

֪ʲôʱˮ߿գһ硣
ҶȻδãʲô׵ģȻȴѾһӣƣӦд籩ˣ
籩
ǰ籩ˮһֲ֣Ȼ籩ٶȾˣǰһΪֲĴ籩籩֮УպһٶƬˮ籩ûһҴ棬ʥˣ
˿ֲ
籩ٶȣӿ֮󣬾л˺ʱ򣬺Ҳŷ籩ڷ籩֮Уźˮڻ͵Ϯ࣡һ͡
ҶһΧϧѾ޷ͷ󷽣綼ǿ磬Ҳ䣬ҶȷԼѾĦγĦ
ӣмΪҪһ㣬籩֮һֱƶڷ籩֮УȻԺŷ籩ƫˮʧˮ֮У಻òǰ׼֮ͨľĵͼߣ¼ģг޷򵽣
ʱóһ򣬽Ҷȡ
ҶȵǾҲ򵥣˼ܣͬʱҲһݺøУһ·ˣһֱǷţڲſ˶٣ֵš
׼Ȼã֮ҶȾͱɫ
ΪΧѾգγһƬŤķ籩㣬Ѹо޷㣬籩ռ䣬ʱҪƵġ
£ֻѡ
Ҫôʹڿռ䣬ʩչ籩ȷ籩ʧ߼ξǶˮ֮£Զʧ
Ǻͨڷ籩ʱ򣬳Ϯ࣬취вͨ
̣
֪ѾҶ˶֣ڷϯ£ϵƶƶǷʵ̫ˣһƬһƬǾͷͨҲ޷ֲ
һΧգҷ籩Ȼѿռ䣬˺óŤŤ̬籩ںϣоһͷͷɾ޴ķ籩趯צŴ죬ҪһС
ӡҪСģ籩Ѿ࣬δĴ籩֣ŷ籩Ը߲ʵ˰칦򣬲Ҷȸ첲һ΢֮
䣡
˵֪꣬һΰķ籩ͻȻҶȡ
˶ʱڸ߿շ籩֮Уͣŷ籩֫޷ƣŷ籩ƶ治ͣҡڡ
Ȼ
ɴ籩ķ籩ײ֮գ۾ͰҶȣԾͬķ
˲ϢҶҪץסˣϧѾ壬޷֪˵ķλӦҲûУҲ޷˵
ƫˮ򡭡
ɲʧˮ֮У
ΧˣҶ̴߶ǿʵﵽ˸߲߶ȣȫסڱߡ

Ƿ籩
Ҷ͵ۣһƬƶħķ籩̬ؾ
ͣ
ɷ籩ﵽ˸߲֮Χ籩ǿһɣҲҶãպþ
Ҷ֮ǰ߶£Ҳֲס˴ķ籩ײײɵҶѪ籩һδײ£ƾ͸һ֡
ǣҶ޷ȫΣŷ籩ʼڰ籩Ͼȥ
Ȼܿ籩Ҷֻܴ߶£ŷ籩Ȼ񵤣ָƣָһЩֱ籩ĵ
ظҶѾʮ񵤣ҺÿάƣԼԪ
Ҷ뵽ߣ̴߶֮ߣҪ籩ȷԿ⣬ֻǼһЩٶȣŷ籩ƶ籩Ƿƣں˿ռ֮У֮ԿռΪġ
κοռͨʧȥá
ǴȻ
Ǿ£ҶһΣҪһ³
籩ʱ䣬ҲҶ𺳣ⳡ籩¡
ҲǣҶڷ籩֮Уŷ籩ƶ£κθ߲񣬶籩֮УҲ˵ز
ңû
Ƭ籩ˣ
ڣҶȷֿ΢΢סΣȻ󿴿ķڵķ籩򣬷Ƽ˲Զ籩Ȼǿ
ץסᣬҶѰҷ籩΢ķ򣬴߶ǧͼ˹ȥ
ʮ죬ڷ籩֮Уѷ֮󣬽ģҶ뿪˷籩Ȧ˷籩Ե籩ûκƻ
ķ籩ƶʱ鷳߶ǧͼ籩Եȥ
ҲڴʱҶͻȻٶȣΪһȺʿƺҲ˷籩֮У籩Ȧɳ
Ҷͬһ籩Ȧռ䡣
һʮˣǼҶȣҲ⣬һԵúǱһˣҲҶһۡ
ҶҲڿΪΪߡ
ãһ
˴鷳
ΪǺˣڵҶΧɱҶȣԼˮʥǿߡ
ԷҲϳҶȣԱ߻ǸǣԼҶ֣׷ϳҶȣһ
ԩ·խ
һ仰Ҳû˵˶ʱʮ֣һͬҶȣ΢籩
˵õ˽ѵ֪ҶӵвĿռͨһٶȣܾˣֶǸ߲Ĵڡ
б¾׷
ҶȶʱӦ԰취ת籩Ȧȥ
Լˮĸ֣ƺҶȵ⣬һ£Ǻ˼Ŀ⣬ֻӲͷƤŷ籩ѵ׷ȥ
Ⱥ鷳ҿҪɱʹ죡
Ҫػط籩Ҷʮּɵͷһʮ֣ԽԽͷűɱĿ⣬Ȼ󴫵ޡ
أ
ްСβͣ𽥷
Ҷȷ֣޾Ȼܷ籩Ӱ죬ǿķ籩ûκκɵذСβͣźʮ֡
޵ʲô
һĻҶȼ𺳣޲ɵ籩ԭ򣬾ʵ
ҶȾãкܴܣʵѴﵽʥ߶ȣʥҲڷ籩֮УҲҪܵӰ졣
һӰ춼ûС
ֻ˵һԴ
˾˵Ȼ籩ûãӵкεȵҶץӣҲ벻ȻҲȥ׼ж֡


1882 ͨɱ
Сӣܵ
˫ޣƣԵޱȡ
һӣͬȺиһȥ
ٿ
Ѵӷ籩֮ʧ
ҶҲ߶֮һЩͼ̺ϵͨע籩֮С
´ʱֳ߼ҪԣΪҶ赲󲿷ַ籩ֻҪʣഫڵ֮
ܣ
һλٶȳԽ߽λҲǸȻҶȺ󷽣һһ䣬Уնȥ
ಣ
ɱʱҶѾֻʣһӰ
ּ׷ȥŷ籩ٶֻﵽϲ£߲ٶȶ޷ӳҷ籩Ҳͣѹơ
ɱ
Ҳ׷׸ҶȾǰףһͨӡͻͻغҶȣϧһѱ籩⣬ҶȸʱҲֻﵽ̶߲ȡ
δﵽ籩룬ҶȼЩˣ˫룬Ӱײ̡
׾룬ףɱκϲ񣬵ڣûӣܷɳԶ
ҶһңƷ۵ķ籩ȥо£Ҳһܵشо£ҲҪܵشЩ߲񣬿֪Ҳܾ޴ѹ
ʱˣҶҲܷ籩֮УǼֱɱΪΧƷЩǿߣһè׽Ϸ
ϷͨһҶȣ
ЩǿߣҲ࣬ƺҶҲҷۣǷֳһһңֻҪΧҶȡ
ĺã籩磬κϢ˲䱻βضϢ
߶֮ںϴǧͼ󷽸֣ͽλ߽λ߲񣬻
Ԫ
޵˵Ŀռͨ˲߶ͬʱҲɱǻδ֮ʣΧȻ޽

һʱ䣬ַ뱻֮УҶȵͨǿ籩ռ£Զ룬ͷͨδ籩
Ԫ
ҶۺԴ޽ɽΧֹ
ʵֻ۷ΪҪ߶Ԫͨڻ
ڴǧͼٶ£ҶѾ󷽣Ȼ˫һԪ߶Ԫ˫֮ͫУٿȻ̳
ʱ޽Χǿߡ
һڽըУ㵵ؿǰ·һˡ
ΡޱȣҶȵӰ˴˵ȻǷ־Ӱ·籩վһ
ⲻͨҲǡԪӦһ޷Ԫơ

ԪƿҪԪѹ飬֪Ǵһϲ񣬲ӵǿԪ񣬱ȻǶԷӵУ˵еԪ෨
Ԫ֮ȻǷ֮ʣһһǵԺȻֱԪԿ
Ԫ񣬲ͨ赲ģԪγɣҲֵֻܵʵ
Ԫ黯ģһ־
νԪ񹥻ͷųļ־ϯԷ־Է־޷ձԪʧôҲʧȥʶΪû˼άĻˡ
򣡡
֣Ԫ磬߶ҶȵĽ
ʱҶִ߶ԪͨһںԼ򣬺ʩչĴ
ɿֲԪ񹥻һ֣һΣǽһȺӿԪΧ
ȻĹʽչֳΧԪ󣬲ϵתԪһʱ䣬һǰ·һ״̬סǣΣ޷ѡ
ʥǹ
֣Ԫ񹥻֮УҶȴʱᣬһץ̫һĹʥǹһǹͰ˷̿һӡ
ʱУ֣߶ǧͼ
һ
һǹ
ͣ
һһǹһ֣ͷ­ʥǹ̴Ǹ߲ûо£һȫҶȫĶ֣ʥǹңֻ
֣գ۾ͳʬ壡
ʬ嶼Ҷ֮УȻһ籩ȥ
ʲô
Ҷ籩һռ䣬˷֮
֮󣬾ͼ֣ڶʲôҲûеķ籩ռ䣬ʩչһ΢ĺӰһδεط޽ײڸֵĺ󱳡š
ߴѾ״̬֣Ҳ޷ҵףʲôڹǡ
ҶȿһĻӵвʥԸЩˣȫСһ
ҲҪץסʱǿʥ֣ǸϵǾͲ׶Ըˡ
ۣ
߶ǧͼϢһǿߣŵãз飬Ҷ˸ӣһ̳ȥһǿߡ

ͻȻ䣬һɿµ⣬籩
Ȼ󼸵ǿһƬ꣬һ籩͸
ʥ
ͷһ籩ȻƬ𿪣ֻʥſ
ڹȥʥǸ߼ԪʥҲǿߵĴҲֻߡ
ޡ
ɱˣҶȿɲһʥ񣬼ϻֽ֣ҹѣޣһͬʧڷ籩֮С
磬̫ʱСҲ֪ʲô̥ˣһ˵
˿ӵʥΧһˣȴͷųô࣬ﵽʥһҶȣϢʽɱҲãԵ֡
ΪǱˡ
Ҷȴʱδ뿪Ϸ籩֮У÷籩֮Ϣ·ʥҲֲڡ
ܾ뿪ȻЩˣɥͬȻܸЩùӳԡ
ȳȥС뿪籩֮УԶԸȥ֮󣬶ҪúѰһʱ䣬ֵܣˮȫ׷ɱӣ
˲ȻŭΪʥ񣬾Ȼһϲ񣬶޷㶨
ŭ֮࣬ʣµ֣籩
ʱ˿̣ҶҲȻ󣬴߶ߣǧͼϣԦռ䣬Ϣﵽ۷״̬ģ÷籩նɱˣɱԺ󣬼Ҫ벻
ͣ
ͨ뷨ϣҶϢ࣬һһֱڲϣĽͷ­䡣
ͷ룬Ѫһӳ
ã
ͻȻĴɱǰ̷֣ӦˣҲת
֣ͷ­δ£ʬҲδԵʱǴһ࣬յָ
һΣȻһ߲޷֣Ӧָץϣһߡ
֮УѴ˸̳ˡ
ȳ籩绤
Ҳ¶˲ֶΣЩɵǴ߶ΧȻ߶һ㣬סʣ¼ˣһͬ籩Ե
ҶУ⼸뿪δ׷ɱ
ʿɶֹ
ĿҲﵽ½һʱ䣬Σͬĳ
߶ǧͼ籩һȥ
ʱ֮籩ԵѾûжвͷ籩ƶٶȣȻϲ߲
ڷ籩֮Уŷ籩ɼ¡
Ȼƫˮ
̾Ϣһ棬½ˮ޷֪ȥķˮ֮֪ңԶ
ҶȾҪһˣ֮ģ


1883 δ
޷Ӧ򵼣ҶԺ֮У֮ǰµǷˮͼ
ˮͼϣȻѺ֮ʯ֮ˮϸϸԼ֮ΧˮҲ档
ǰ⡣
ںδ
ĿȥããˮȻ뺣ݺύûнʯûе죬巽λ
Ҫȷ֮ķ˼ȥֻӲͷƤŸоǰУϣʿָλ
ܿ쳹뿪籩ˮ򣬹ƣ˭Ҳ벻һ̻ʲô
ţ
ããУӽһ֮
Ȼ䣬ǰƵҶȷ·һںӰӡ
ѵǴ
ٷȥӰȻһ졣
Ȼ󣬵ΧһЩ죬ԼٵĽʯ
ԣҶһƬǳˮˮ򣬻Ǵ֧֮УҶãĵطʿҲһʱ䡣
Խ죬ҶҲʼͷŸӦٴθеǣ죬ʵҲϴĽʯ澹ȻʿϢ
ԼʮˣΪϲ֮䣬뵺֮ǰҶҲӦһΧĽ硣
ҶȻòش߶磬ɲһΣĪ˳Ϊˣϴ޳ɾ״
ˣ
ӰһͷϢͷϲ߲Ϣ
գ۴ӽɳ˸ճ֣ҶȾ͸оˣϢ֮Уһص΢ɱЩˣҲڷͻȻõİˡ
ʧˮ򣬺òأϣλ£Ϣ죡Ҷȵλʩ
Ŀӷ״ָ̬̻̬Ȼȭ࣬ü⣬
л
ǷԷθˮһ࣬ŵĵطؼǿԴϤλ
˴£ҶȽ磬죬һ󣬵ֱҲֻһ¡
˴Ҷȣ뵺һСպһߣԶ⣺Сһʲô´߶磡
лҶ˴л֮̽붴ߡ
ڲתվ࣬ҲûжװΣһЩʯҶȸո£ͻȻ˵һ
ڣڽѾ߶Ҳ˵˴ⲿѶ߳׷ҪҶȽ㡣
ҶҲδ룬Ȼ˼ҵĵط⵽߶Ҳû룬һʯʼϢ
ͬʱҲͷϧֻĶֻˮˮϵҶҲ޷Ķ
˿̣
ǿȻ뵺졣
ΧȻ෴Ĵǿ߰أе룬һ󶴿ߣҶΧоĿ̻ǹһ
ȴһᣬӶ߳һˣ񣺡ʲôˣȻ
үֻһϲ񣬲֪Ϊʲôԭʧλأش
ɴ⣬ǵϳܱ֪ϴϾҪˣ׼ץסϲ񣬺úѯһһϸǾ鷳ˣɭϺȵȻת붴ߡ
¡
֮
ڶеҶȣȻӦŲӦͷųȥ߲ʵ
ҶȲ֪ЩΪζ׼ͨ壬ڶΧ
ˣ
շͨͻȻĽ磬ӶΧΪһµķӡֱҶ˲ᡣ
ô£
ҶһΪζԷͻȻ֣
·ӡ£뵽˽ڳ֣Ҫɱ񣬻ҪŪֲ֪Ƭ죬ûʥǿߣԼӿֲĴڣеģΣա
ѷͨ壬ʩչ֮ڶ࣬Ҷûзƾӡʵʵ㣡
ಣ
ڽͷţ񲽷߽ʱڽȻ򿪣ֲͨɳߣǱںΧһҶӡ֮УҪ뿪ûס
ߣӡûжôڰУԴ߶򣬰ѷӡɣӿԴ߶ǧͼչֱ
˶ƿصģҶǧͼѪݣǴǧͼǧͼƻľѷӡ֪޽ڴǧͼ֮ϣһͻָɣֻǴǧͼӡסˡ
ֻҪ˻ָɣҪƽǧͼӡСһ
ԴҲ벻һϲ񣬻ǶλӵбһĿռ䷨
λ·ʲôӡסҶȣһܾģ˽ɲǣŵŵź
֮ǰҶȴ뵺񣬴ʱȫһɭ䣺СӣĿģ
ĿģʲôĿģ
㻹װ⣿ǵĵ̣ǵʵǵĲǲǣķģ
λˣˮ籩Ƭˮʵɺأֻһˮɢޣ֮ǰ򵼴죬ڷ籩֮У򵼷ɢ˵أ
ϲϲ񣬿ڷ籩֮лСӣⳡϷʵ̫רҵʵش𣬷ǿɲ
һв
ҲǺڷ籩нһʲôط¸֪Ҷν͵ģ
ѣ
һ񣬵߳ҪҶȣѸ
֪Ҷ־ãʯͷԼͰһбڷͨʱͳͳͨ塣
˵һ߶⣬Ҷ£ʼѰұǴݵĺȻһСӵԪ󣬶⣬ҾȻ޷͸Ԫķӡ
𣿡Եú𾪡
𵤣ѵö䣡
һץҶȵ¸ɳһö䣬֣Χһͬ߶ͨĨϵķӡ
ҶȰЦҹЩ˵ģֻһЩʯҩˣֻ֪Ѱʿ
Ȼ˴ӴڣûеõҪĶǱһȻ˺ҪҶȵԪ顣
̫ˣһ֣ûкַοʼҶķӡǲС
ֻ뿪˶ߡ
Ҷڶ̸Сӿһɢޣ
ȷˣɸղ֣޷׻ϤԪܣⲻϲ񣬸ӵе
˵ӣһϵһУǿߣֲģ˵ΣգԴ߶Ǹղ֣˵ܵ
ôһ˵ˣǲҪ⶯СӣǴģ˵ϴҲĲǣ
ϴѾˣǴСӹȥϴү
ã
һִ֮򿪽磬ѱӡסҶȣߣֱԽˮ򣬷뵺졣
ŶʥϢ
뵺죬أҶȾͨӦ֪֮ڣӵʥϢϢǵͽλһϢﵽ˽߽λʵ
Һ֮ǰûðʧ֣Ҫʥ񹥻ޣҪҲҪһۡ
ȥ
֣ҶȽ붴ߡ
Ȼ֮ڣ·һ֮УԵòˮ򣬸ӵеݻȻһɨΧжʮ֣񵽸߲ͳͳУҶȿϷʱȴ¶ı顣
㣡
ϷһŮӰһ


1884 ˵£
δ갡
Ҷȶʱͣ̾ϢΪϷŵŮӣǰãĺ䣬ˣ
ҲԵ⣬ƺһʱʧȥǷײС
ϴԭСӣϴΰһ׷þãûҵˣû뵽ȻԼˣ
ҲһȻҲϳҶȣҲǵһ֣׷ɱҶȵ֮һ
ϲСӣ
߲ҲϳҶһҧгݣĿ飬޲ðҶȴж˿飬ޣֱȥιŽͷ֮ޡ
ϴôһ£
ֱ࣬ˣʥĴڣȻ벻ϳˣȻˡ
𽥻ָǸǳ˼Ʊջ񻹲Сӣ;УһĿ꣬˭Ҳ벻һϲǵ׷ɱɶǡ
Ŷ
Ա֣·˫ۣƺδԹʮ㡣
ɶǣȻһһǿߣеıˮ֮Уǿ߱¶һʱ䣬ֻǿֶ߱Գ״̬СӣץסᣬɹӳҵĸӦ֮У
渵ٿҶȵĿ⣬Ȼһ䣺Һǿߣδҳ֣Ԥϣ
ϴԼʵƬûвʶǿߣҲһ˳ơүˣһ⡣
ݲ¡
֣Աүƺ˼һ֣·񡢸߲뿪˴
ʱֻʣڳˡ
ͫһ裬Χͳһ磬ȻҶȣСӣǸˣҲǸֶΣû˵ɣ
ˣֻһϲ񣬻һֻܣ㣬ͿСѣҶȲ׺ˣͻȻʲô̡
С
֮ԱǵЦһСλϲӳһڸ߲׷ˮ߶꣬δδŹҲд󱳾ûҶδץ㣡
ңң
ʲôң㲻һһﵽ߲ʵû˵ɣ
ϴ˵ˣһλϲӵи߲ôܣǺôҲʶϲĻ
˵ļǣϲλʱҲֻλĽλʵţϲҲܴﵽ߲񣡡
Աʥ֣һһɣ뾪̾
˿ˣȷˣ۹ȻҲǸЦСǸļһ
˵֮Ŀ⣬ٴҶϣֻ˼ҵķݣûˣҺͷϣһ֣໥ɱ
ҶֿʼʩչţƤҪǮһҵѣһпɲżȻҲ֪㣬ʵǿֻΪ£ڳʱˣ
ѣţ֪ʱƺ˱ҶȻסһٴʵ
͸¶֮ɵЭ飬ΪѣȻ˸֮٣
ǣ㻹ǻᴵţСӣǵѣܵţʲô繫ӣұϷŹ㣬Σ
˵йЭ飡
СԲ
˿޼ƿʩͻȻһıͷǿƣϧ뻣Ūң뷨̫޴ˣ֮Χĸ֣ûвʶҺ˵ģͬҲϳңҲ֪
¶ˣ
һδζԺûЧҶµǲ˾ȥ
Ҳó֪λ繫ӵһҲ棬繫Ӿķ
ȷһ㣬Ȼ֪ˣҲ֪ô繫ӣǺ֮Χĳˮߡ
ŭ޻˵˰ɣСӣﳶӣмＸߣڸѡҪôԺ죬ҪôϱĨɱղЩ£һ㱨˵ԪкܴܣҲĴֻҪˮҺˣ˵֮͵ʥּ
죿

ҶȺεȵİǣᵱһڣֻܷúǰŶȥʥ֣ûкùӳԡ
ֻίߡ
ºú룬֮󣬿Ҫ𸴣򡭡
˻һһͰҶȾ漸֣ҶѺԱһС֮Уܷӡضߡ
¡Ҳãʱ䣬ҵǿͨ壬߶ǧͼĸϻ󣬰⼸꣬Ƶ񵤣ȥ
ڶߣһǷӡӡ֮Ук˵ֻҪ߶ƣƬ̻ᱻ˷֡
ȻˣúϢ£ص֮ͨһ߶ǧͼϻ
ͨʹ߶ǧͼϢͨǱˮ£뿪˽磬Ȼʼ˵Ĵ
£ˮ㹻ˡ
ͨ廹ڻʱŪϳˮλʱҲԳú˲뿪
ϴλ繫ӣĺǿ󣿡
Ϣ֮УҶҲ߶ߣҪ֪ΧһһȻʥ˵ĶԻ
΢΢ɵޱȣ繫ӣֻһƺˣûһ֣ȴ֮ģʵҲʮֲֿҲĶֻ֣ʮ£
Χˮһ
ȷǴҲֻǵһμˣǰţţҲǶ꣬òҪ֪ǳһɷ񣬵ҲֻԶԶ㿪
СҪ£
ȻǳɳȻǺģˣĸҺֻܡ
ȻĴ
˵ʵǴģҸҪնݳЩһϣϹŶͿݺả֮ΧˮȻʥ񣬵ǣΪ̫СˣΨһƣϤˮˣ
ΪϴҪձ
ΪãΪãֻɳܵ˱ƱػֻʱȻŹң
ԣϴǧҪ˺ùӳԣºʶ࣬ǵǿϴ㲻õ𣿡
Ȼϲӵи߲ʵԴкܴܣֻҪõͿԵõԴҲһͨɢޣ
Ȳʶʶͨ
£ҪץסʱһΣΪһʱһϢʱȷĻǿԴУȡ˵ı
ʲôϢ
ˮӺƺҪȡ౦ʱֵƣӦͨūȡģʲ֮ƣȻܷŹ
ˮ
ҶȾ¶֮ɫû뵽йڼˮĶ
ϴ󣬼ˮ쵰˽£˽ͬĲܹʱǶҪȡ
ţȻˮʵǿˮҲҵǲףǲڰʱıҲ֪˭Ϊ
ˮɵȱ̫ˣʰ޳ܻ쵰
˵һ䣬ߺ޵Ļ
Ҷ仰ǶԺˣıһЩȻΪ٣лһ֪


1885 
ȻҪõˮͨͬ࣬ȡĲ֮ƣǿʱӦĽ飬Ϊһӣһͬȥȡˮ³ɵõ֮뿪Ҳ
ԭ㣬ͨع֮취뿪ϳ
ڣļƻˡ
ˮ
˭Ĩɱˣοбһ棬ҶȶҪвһţҪɱ˼ˮĸ֣ҲҪõ
;ĵȴͨع顣
תۣ¾Ϳ쵽ͨҲʱϻҶͨ壬ΧһҲ֪ڵķλѾƫˮһΪңԶˮҲףΪκҪѡΪӪ
ˣ
һмߣҶȴ
󶴿ߴʥ֣ͷǿƣһĨЦݣСӣôûУ
⻰ʵģӦ˵ˣ˭ģҶԵһεӣΪһԱû⣬ҸɣΥ־
ú˾ã׽ѷ
£ֵʢĻ䣺ʶʱΪһӢʵСӣʵϧԺͳΪһԱݺķ򣬹ֺͬô
ԺҪ뿪ϴ࿼ǣ
һδ˼룬ϣ뿪ģԺ֪ΪһԱöٵĲƱȥúϢʱ䣬ǿдж
ЦЦ߶һ⣬ҶȻ£ӡٿȻʧ뿪
Ҷ߳ߣһ˵ϴС׾ʹӦˣ
ѡ𣿾ļ⣬ôһһֱΧҵӡ֮УȻҵһӦ֮ƾˮδҲӲ̵ָɽ
ǽҪȷϼˮǰֵĻع·ߣ
˿ʼﻮ
Ӧ֮
ҶȲмЦЦ벻Ժ˵ֶΣȻ׷ŹӦ֮ʲôãҶҪ⣬׾١
ȴҪװʲô֪ƿ֮УȴﵽĿģĨӦ֮
ص߲ãһ־ߣҶȴٵĺôԼʯǺʹ͸Ҷȵġ
Щһͨϲ񣬻һ񣬵ҶȶԣһЩεƷ㲻ʲôȻܡ
һֱڶ֮У벽δиӦǰװŲ֪ӣڶ֮Уһֱ
ץסʱ䣬ʼĿǰΪֹʻʵ۵ʣһ룬һʥȻˡ
Ժ취õʥʬ壬ϵĺʬ壬Ѿֻʮͷ£Ҳù⣬ϴɱ˼ˮ¼֣ʬ嶼޳ˡ
Ϯˮ֣Եõʬ塣
֪磬Ѿһٶ꣬ʱ»ĸ졭
һٶ꣬Ҷʱ䣬ƺ̣ܶʵ
壬ʱʱ̶̿룬ҵ䣬֪ξ纺ʧ٣ÿһ죬ȥǡ
ԼʱҲţơ棬ȻɱâֱѰ纺
뷨ˣʵܲпᣬǵʵ̫СˣӵеֻǱǱ޷ԿǿߣתǬǱõĺãŽǱõĲãǾͺ޼ֵ
Ѿﵽλ״̬ԿʼԲȡͻλӦ飬֪˾ں֮ĺδ
սʻʵ۵ҲڰУĴܷΪϮ洢
һȣ֪ʱ䣡
ҶȻӵĿ֮УۿΪ𽥽ӽλȻŲȻҲӦʮʼΧۼ
Ҫжˣ
Ƭ̣иߣҶϷ
ΧҶȣԵú飬ڶһˣҶ٣֪ҶϲΪ˦Щ׷֪Ҷȣ˿ء
Ȼ˳ˣһʥ񣬶Ϊߣ˶һλĽλ֮䡣
˿شӪ˼̴ʥʮ֣ɳҶҲںһࡣ
зλǺ֮ģҲھ뺣֮ĺܽķλ
УٶȲǰȻһʮֿ֧ɫĺˮ͸Ĳĸо
ӣǺһӵͨĪҪκζҵ
һ£ʮ֣߿֮С
Ҷźˣ뼸֣һ߿գʥȥ߿գγһȦ
֮£ԸӦˮϿռĶǺһռȻɱԷһֲ
һȾǽһʱ䣡
࣡
Ȼ·ðһݣΧ֣һһ
һƬԷҪˡ
ȻһԼɣ޴īɫ㣬īɫƬˮ֮£¶˹Ӵ
ûеˮ棬΢΢³֮ȻԴ͸ˮ棬¶һɸߣſ죬Ȼ棬߳һˡ
ЩˣҶȵЩˮ¸ִࡣ
һˣ߳ԼʮˣȻˣ˶ʥ֣ˣ߲ǿߡ
ֻʥ񣬶Ƕλλ֮䣬ûһﵽĽλλܴﵽλôһߣûҪΪˮ
ˡ
ʱ˿̣˴һ߿ÿһˡ
Ҽȴţʮ֮߳󣬿㣬ͷس֮С
ɱ
ÿԺ˵
䣡
ʱʮƴĸ֣ͷ£ͬĻ飬ͨԼӸ߿գ
ңһ֣Ӹ߿Ծ
һ͵Ϯɹ·Ȼ׼ʮ˵Ĺ͵ıըˮ棬Ϊըˣһˮѡ
Ÿֹ߶һ
ಣ
ʥǱӸֱըУ߸߷
ͣ
ȻһӰͨΪһɫ˿̬ʥƣѹ֮ƣͻȻ
ָɳԽǵɫ˿һײѪ
ĺ¸֣ʼΧɱѪӳҶȺȻҲУ棬ʥֳ֣γΣʥΧס
˹ȻһУѹʥΪпܣﵽλʥ񡭡Ϊ뺣֮ĵƽܣΪ࣬Ȼⷽǿߣ
Ҷһ涯֣һ涢ϷһɱʥҪ֣ʥʬ壬ϣȻмˮηūĲ
ɱ
ʥʲôҲû˵֣ˮϣɱԽ飬̫ˣѾľɱˡ
֮еĶˣˣˣԸʥ֣Ȼ׷ȷ
ǿģԷʵǿģΧˡ
ݺһˮ򣬺ȻԼͨ
䣡
߿նʥͷŵܣײϸͨһʱ޷͸ϿվԲ񡢸߲̤ġ
ͣ
˷ֻӰһƣͰѶԷ䣬Ȼָһ㣬ֱӰһλʥţһѪ
ʥǲͬ죬˾Ȼһɱ˫ۣƴ
࣡
ɱˮʱͻȻ·֮Уðһݣ֮ʮ־ˡ
ѵ
Ҷüͷһ壬̸գԶˮ档
пܣҪˡ


1886 
࣡
ͬҶϣӾˣȫݡ
Ȼһ޴ĺӰʼӽˮ档
סǵ֧Ԯˣ
˽֣ؿиѪʥ񣬷·һжƻ֮Уմһ߶һӡǡ
ǻᣬ֮磡
ƺ֪ԷҪͨƺҪȱȻǿļˮȡ
ˮˣ˽춼Ҫꡣ
֪һ㣬ͻȻһӰ֮һģһڰ⣬ͻͻͻؽǰʥ

ֳ񽣣ݺںӰ֮ϣʱײȻǺڰ⣬ֱӰ𿪣۵һ£һڰ⣬ͬצӣ棬û塣
ֵܣ
һʥ񣬼ͬ鱻ɱ˫Ѫ죺˭Ҷ֣ӴƬˮû֮
˵꣬ɱȥ
໣
һͷͷѸͳˮ档
Ӿ޴ΪһӵΣ٣ź࣬ʮˣƯڸ߿ա
ֳԺ˴һڸ֣֣ͣɵضźʼ˿
֣ǲսӣ
ɼԺУǶôµĴڣΪһǱʶֲǵС
ǺˣɵҲʱ˺ʥϣʣµˣڸ߿ն
ҲһҪˮһ
һվó֣ѾѺ˵ס
һǿߣˮ򣬺ǿʱԳֵĺȻһʱ䣬ҲԵüΪԥҴĿ֮УԿԺɵ֮ɫ
һ׳˶ĺΪԺʥƸǿʢķٹȥؽȫնɱɱǣӴҲ޷ˮ㣡
һͬѺ˸סˡ
ҶһƳԥɫʵ⣬󲻵ΪΪһʥ˾Щ
ȻҲף˳ˮߣȻӴ֪ܶ࣬磬ӵķ򣬼ˮ㣬ӴԺˮ㣬Ǻ޷ݡ
ʾˣҲ֮ΧûмŮˣӵǿʵ
ģͻ鵽ͷϣˮ壬Ź
뿪·ٶ֣ͳˮ˺Ƥ
ϴ󡭡߰ɣ
˫֮¡
һͻȻԱߣˡ
Ȼиֶˣڵȴѡ񣬶󲿷֣һͷϿ뿪
ۣ
֪
ʯ䣬˭Ҳ벻һĻ
ͻȻһһƾߵϣֻһƣͰ
˶¶Ŀ⣬ҶȣҲ벻ΪλΪҲͬ⳷롣
˴ʱȻϵĺ˿ȡ
ˣ㣡
ˮ»лʥһ۾ϳݣԵñŭޱȡ
ں˲£֪ΪԽݣȫû˺·Ҷȷǳ棬ΪΣ벻ľֹ
Ŀһ˱˭Ҫ뿪³ˣɱһΣ˿־ǣҺһһҪǶԿף
ɱ
и֣ȻǳԺĿ־壬һһɱȥ˳ǰٲȻһѾһ
͸һơ
ˡû뵽£ȻҶȻԵ뾪㵣ȫΥ
ˣҲɱȥ̰ˮıҪԼɱƬײ
ͻͻͻ
Ҳӳռеһ棬·ӣˮγˮ·ɱһں
˫ڶ֮ϣɱ
޽
ҶȲʵͬһߣɱ˺˵
ݣ
޽˼أ״ӺԼΧ̳
ʱҶչֵľͨ˵Ŀ⣬𺳵ĺˣҶȴ˾٣ˣô޽һעǲſͷնɱԷ
ʱ޽һʥ񣬴һ£߶뽣ռ֮С
ʱһʬ壬Լʬ壬ӿ׹䡣
࣡
·ĺ棬Ȼðݡ
ǻк֧Ԯ
ҶȵһӦϷںֻϢҴ߶׼ɱĺ
λȼķҶʵԷӳ󲿷ֻҪ߽λȫնɱκκ
ںعõһʩչ
ಣ
һΣԱһˣ峬Խʮϣˮ档
̣
һʮͷ벻ڳˮ棬ȴǵģҶȶںϵ
Ӱս٣γȼյĻʮͷУﵽһͷͷյֱС
ҲмͷҲɵˮҪˮ˻
ҶҲ뵽һĻû𹥣ԷǺҪˮϵͨΪÿͷһĿˮ
򣡣
ԭҶΪ𹥣ĹֶΣǱڰ
̴߶ĳǿͨ
޽״̬γһƬУ·ԼϷйʮͷ
Ĺ̬оһֽ鷽ʽºϹѺУγ෴ɽУһҪԸҪԸ˿ֲķ
ΪУֻһͨ㹥УˮʱƽС
벻ǣ֮һγ״̬һι
ιУܻһδγ֡
ҶȴȻֻߣĴѭ
ֻߣֻռͨеǲƼ򵥣Ҳ˶򣬵ҪʩչȴףܴﵽҶȴٷ֮һѾǲܵĿܡ
Ϊ£
Ϸս֮ǰҶ£ѸˣشѾֻʣ¼ͷڼˮĸ֣һһɱ
˻¿ȥҶȿʼ֣ʵע⵽ˣҶһˣȻܶԸʮͷмͷﵽȻǵͽλ񣬵Щǿĺ׶Ը
ǶҶȶԣһжϣ綹һ򵥣һˣʮͷѾնɱ˺üͷ
̫ˡ
˼޷ţҲģֱҶȾΪˣǴﵽ˽ʥʵ
нͨƺ̺֤ͨӵд󱳾
ѰȻڸ֣ɱѾͷĺ
·
ҶȰһͷͷʬ壬¯ʱҲ࿴û뵽ʩչ˵Ӧ֣İԵɱȻһж֮ǰ
棬޷
㣡
һᣬϷֻʣʥ񣬴ںΧ
һʹӸ߿գҶȷ
ˣҶȾȥ⣬Ů޷׽ҶȾãһͷβĺֶײУ޶


1887 ΪӦ
ΣҶֿһ棬ôŮˣͬһƱ䣬ؼŮʵ¡
ǷػԿ
Բȥ⡣
ҶĬ֮ʣ̴߶ǿٰգʣ༸ͷʵǿĺ
ಣ
ںϺ֮󣬼ͷܿͻᱻնɱ
ҶȴĪΪһӰʧȥ
˫üһҶȳ֣㰵Сӣֲ㣬Ϊӵó𣿡
ˣϵĸӦ֮ҺôٸӦһ£շɽתˮתˣң
̣ҶЦմ
ᣡ
˫һϣ˫ͫ˵⣬ͲţһϲӳĸӦ֮
һӦ淢֣ӦκϢûĸӦ֮ҲûҶκϢ֡
һΧúݺĥģӦúܲζ
ϴαҶϷˣһأһΣΪҶѳΪ֮ǱҶߣˣһΡ
ھζըҲ޷ѰҶںδ
֪ʮϢ뿪ɱ֧ҶѾ֮ˮ
ȷϺû׷óµĵͼϸһִתվһתվ
ʯǵ֮ģһתվţҶ̤תվ뺣֮ıǰ
̼ˮȥӳѹȥʮ꣬ƻ֪꣬һ·Ϸô⣬ˮδ֪գҲͬܡ
֮ҶڻعˮһһƬʯ֮ϵתվ
תվҶҪúϢ죬ʱξգҲյͼﵽ֮ģֻһʱ䡣
תվʿɱȽ϶࣬ǧˣ½ϣҶһϲ񣬸ûκ˹ע
֮Ҷȱ뿪תվ֮ķȥһβһˣ֮ĵʿ;в٣ˮҲʿҶҲ֮Ϊˮһ֮أеľ
Ҷȵһμ½йŽ׷ʿ֣ԽԽ࣬Ƿ֮ġ
ͬҲдӺ֮Ĺʿʱʱʿ
һ²һƬǳˮ֮С
ǳˮ֮ϣвٽʯС󣬵ǲ٣յͼȻں֮ġ
֮ɴƬ졢ʯɵǳˮвٵֲڸǰһƬ죬Ǻ֮һߣƵء
ߣҶȶԣѲİʯǣһ·ˮ֮ãĴ׹
ƽܣ
Ӧ飡Ҷ֮ģںδ
ϿƽܵأǰжʮСƽܿأ뼸֮⣬Ǻ֮ء
ҶȻããкڴҲãҵӦ飿
Ӧòõ⣬ФĪ֪ӦΪȻԽʥ񣬳Ϊһ˵е
ΪҶһֱͷʥϢӦҪӦĵӦ׾ٵ顣
Īɣڵϵ㣡
ͻȻһƮ죬ŲɣֱӴǰ죬ҶȵԺ
⡭
Ҷ˼⣬ʲôʱԼӦ飬ɾڴʱϤʹǰ촫ʥؿռ
Ӧ飡
ʱ˿̣Ҷкһþ޷ƽϢӦȻǿһ˵еҶȾŶԷУʵ֮УҪˡ
ٷ죬;ּһЩʿʱƽƵʮСǰ˿ֵõӦ鴫һС
δ̤СǿߣɭɭסҶȣƽǿߣƬصĸ֮һȻҪҶȡá
ûͣƷʯֻܴʮ죬춼С
СֱһǧʿϢҶȸոأ
ԭʿǸҶ֣ʿ̷ܶҲغ֮һ̺̻ıأ
Ҷǰ˽⵽֮ڶ֮Уʱʱ̶̿ɱ֣ߣҲпܱսƬ
شǶߣʯ¥ںɫҲƽܵǿߣά򣬽ʯ¥ҪϽɸӾ˵ʯ
ҶֵõӦĴ뵺󷽡
ܿ첽󷽣ʿȲѣһЩѨ֮ϢҲһ֣һˣƶһϢ
ӦָҶк۵һǰеĽ磬ˣѸˣռ졣
ɣ
ҶʱӦƵмĮӶڴ
ҶȼΪʮֺ棬Ȼһ붴ߣ粢δߣ͸ӦһǿҵֻϢڶڵϢС
ǿҵֻϢʥصᲢۣʥأҶȴδӦκһϣӵǿҵֻϢعûУФĪҲûУǛҲûС
Ȼع뛕ˣҶ޷ӦĴڣΪһֱš
ʱ߾Ȼӵ˲˼ֻϢֻһܣӦ飬Ӧʥصĸ֡
Ϊƿֻͨ
ʱҶȻڶڣ⣬ͷһӣһʯ֮ϡ
뵱ʥؿռ䣬İƤˣкܴĲ
ϸһӦһ£ɢ˫Լ󱳣ƤȻܰ𪣬󲿷ŮӶȲϣְףԵúܲȻӦ˵ӣ˵ƤŮˮ۰ƤҲкܴĲͬ
ɫƤȻٿգòǺƽ޳ͣһֻӥǣ΢˫ۣ˫üȻҲǡɫġ
ǱФĪϣΪʥأһ֮⣬ΪǿĴڡ
Ӧ飡
ͬҲҶȼģԴʥصȨǿλʵ˳ϣǰĴ
ˣ
Ӧ黺˫ֳۣž޲һ˫ͫҶȣδжɫڣ㵽ʯǣѸӦһУһ·ˮĴ󲿷飬Ҳ֪ɷϣҶȣʥأǨʮ֮ӵΪ޵һˣ
ӡҶȸʩ
㲻Ҫ˵˵
տڣȴӦϣ壬ɵһ
ۣ
ǰһ㣬ȻһѪ
⡭ͻȻһĻҶȴ޷ѹƵ𺳣ӦѵˣΪλѪ
ǼԪ֮Щ꣬һкܴϵ֮ѿҿûжʱˣʲôҪ˵˵
Ӧ黰֮У͸˸УҲȻ͸ǸƮݣÿ˶Ҳ⣬ԪҲˣﵽҲͬеﵽ࣬Ĳ࣬ҲֻԪʼ񡢻ֻһ㣬̤ΪĿ֪̤֮꣬󣬲֪жôѣ
Ȼÿ˶һ죬ǾûʲôúµģӦ飬֮Ψһźδʥ׳һ뿪ʥأڣһԪҾһĴƯĹ¶ʱ޶࣬ûһ䣬֮ʱұ˵Ķ֮ǰҲҪͬʥЩȱҪѡ㣬ϣҵָ£һλԸıʥδǰҾңʵΣʼղңҲң


1888 
ʱңԼͬڵţãԼıʥأнӴеδϣ̳δ־
ʱ֤ұѪǲģڣһжһΰˣ㲻ͬӦʥأʥأһԪˣʥҵļң㣬ҪҵУԼҵи㣡
ǷߣҵĴУˣӵ޷Ԥ֪ǱҲһλߣΪŴۣϣҼ֤˷ߵţ
໨Ŵۣ
ӦһҶȶڳĬڣ޷
Ŵۣ
ۣԻ´磬λڴ֮е
ҶΪʧˣ
ΪǼ̤֮УҶһֱڰ⣬û໨Ŵ̤ĺۼûС
ǣǱʶΪ໨ŴʧˣҲź¡
ѵŴۣͬʱڵˣ˿̣ӦҶȵı飬Ҳ¶һ档
Ԫ֮ɽǿߣҲ꣬ɽ磬֮УҵõŴۣһŷߣƤŴҲҵһλʦ
㻹лҲǼԪ֮ڣˮҳΪѣϧȥ֮УͳҪȥѰ壬ҶΪ֮
Щɽķߣӵ޷ԤϵǱҴϣ֪ΪΣоһ޷͵ϢʲôҷҪע㣬βѡ㣬ҲУеһУҵĵ;ʺ㣬ĵ;Ҳֻʺһˣ
Ҷȣʥңҵĵطȴɽ磬֪ʥأû޸Уϣ㣬԰ʥأĹأȻһлÿԼû˿㣬ңĲŻŴۣΪҵʱղ࣬Ҳֻܼ꣡
꣡
񣬾Ȼֻ
Ҷܵǰδеĳ
Ӧ鲢δжʧ䣬ǷƮݣǰֻ꣬ǵһ֪ģҲϣеڶ֪Ҷһֱں֮ģضȹҲһԣ֤ĳɳֻ꣬ͬҲֻ꣡
꣡
мƻֻһҪսһߣΪһߣ󡭡Ϊ⺣֮ĵˣ
Ϊ֮ĵˣꣿҪ꣬Ӷλϲ񣬿ʥµΪ
֮һĵطΪпᡢʵһ棬Ҳֻг淨ҲκֶΣκηΪ֮˰ɣһǿߡ
ʱӦɫ΢΢һ˫ͫһУֻһʬ壬Ҷȵǰ
һˣһ⣬ȫǴĿĵ˰̣һɷǿ
ǡҶֲ⡣
ӦľĵǺ֮Ķʮǿһ⣬Ҫʥأѡһλܳʱ֮ģһмƻѴĨɱˣú֮ıɱķҪʿ֮أҲֻ£ܱƳǱ
ʬݣҶһƬ
ԭ£ӦĻġ
ڻˣ֮ʮ꣬űöҲʱҶ뿪ʥأҲպòıϡ
ԭɺϣӦͰźõģΪʥصδΪ˹
Ȼ֮ĵǿߣҲһʥôӦĶ֣
һɱ˴ˡ
Ӧָһʬ壬ȻͻΪ촷ۡ
ҶֱпϧҲи߽λʥʵҪӶ
Ӧϣͨ꣬ڳͷۣ֮ŹâʥصӣǺεȵҫۣҲҵĿ꣬ϧʼ޷ֻаϣ־ϣҶȣΪ㣬Ҳɱ˺֮ǿߣʥصֻľڸ㣡
ֻľҶȵ˫ͫĴ
ʥغ㣿
ȻʥΪصĹҲֻľ
ͬʥأľ塣
ɽ絽磬ҶһֱԼĥֻΪӵֻߣԴһЩֻ̺ͨ
Լֻ̺
ǣδõһţֻ
Ҷȼæɻʵֻһϲʥ֮УֻһӢӣʸֻľ
ԣ̫ϵӣҲֻУʥǿߣоֻֻܽͨľֻдﵽʥ񼶱ĵӣſУҲ˲ϣʥȱµĹأӦ飬һʹ򣬴ƶٵû뵽֮ǰҪһ֮٣Ǽķ̰ͻȻԳһЦ
Ц֮УǳΣ
ⲻʲô֮٣ûиı䣬ûδڣлᣬδҲһԼˣ
ȻҶȺȻ֣ǰİӦ飬˵ͻأȴоƺ֮ǰԣ֮УĪʲôĴڡ
٣ӦҶȿǶ֮䣬ЩྪƵĵط
㲻˵Ҳ֪ǷߣǴҴֻľʥػ֪Ҳ֪֪ʥδ㣬Ӧ飬϶㣬ʥصĵӣҪλؾǣҪ㿴Լ꣬ﵽҵҪԣصʥأָʥأչĲŻţˣҵ⣡
˵Щˣʱ޶࣬һҪһȴ֮þһĻһңԶĺĹһϹŴ˵֮е챦Ϊת顯ǲƵģЩ꣬þ޸ʹã
ת飬˵Ϲ֮УһЩǿߣ澳ʱ챾ıһתÿһת˵̥ǣʵ֮࣬ϧõģǲƵģΪͼת飬һϲ㹻ˣ
ÿһת޷ʹΣգͦˣͻ֮󣬴õԼ޷󣬱֮ǰ׸ʥأֲЩ꣬ʥصĶ㣬ʺ㣬꣬ɰգΪ֮ĵǿߣ߷֣ҪԼû˿԰㣬Ҷȣ׼ˣ
ӦץһžɫͷŹϢ飬ͻȻԶޱȵĿ⣬Ҷȡ
ǶҶȵĿ顣
ҲɱΪһ߼һǿߵĵĻᡣ
Σʲôӷ硢ɽ磬֮Σա
ȭ׼ˣ
ಣ
ָһת飬Ҷȵڡ
ڣĪܣФĪ֮ǰҲ߹ң˼ҿܣʲô壬㣬ʥأĲƸסֻʱ䣬֤Լʱҿ΢Цţعʥأ棬ٹʥءȥɣֻľҲת֮УԼ˯֮У
ӦȻ˫ۡ
Ӹǣ
Ҷת򶴿ڡ
һһΣһξ꣬٣쳾̾;ʯبġ
뿪һ̣߳ڣҶȷ·Ӧȷ⵽ʥء


1889 
һ뿪ڣҶҲ֪ʱ˿̵ʲô顣
⣬оϲҲì봥
ֻľ
ת飡
һǿ
ӵУӦĴУӦ飬ĿǰΪֹİˣͬŹϵ
ӦΪҶ޷ؾʥǿߣеķ緶ǡ
һعһӦ飬Ҷȶʥ̬ȣϷı䡣
ף򶴿ߣȴҶȾһĻ
߽ʧˣ¶˻ļšưܵһĻҲӦ棬ֻ̺Ϣ
ӦȻ뿪ˡ
Ҷ޷Ӧ£ϢƿնȥⲻٶȣһִͨҶȶӦ飬ľ⡣
治֪Ӧڵʵﵽεȵĵز
޷٣ӦѾվʥ䣬Լʥָ߶ȡ
ˮǿߡ
ϧôһǿߣֻꡣ
ʵҿԴ߶ʮٵǽѪ𽥻ָҵĸоѾһ˿Ŀ
Ӷߣž⣬˶ԣǲпģҶȶԣӵиı漣
ֻǴӦϣһݶȻȥƻһжӦãӦ־Ϊ
е˸˵ջ໨Ŵ۾Ȼɹ磬ȻȥѰ壬޵ˣ磬пڴ
һ̾
ֻ꣬ʱ䲢࣬²ϲֻð꣬Ҫԭ򣬻Ϊɽ۵ĵ̣Լ²ϲ񣬶ʮֵͼľ磬ͻٶȾˡ
ҪͻƵʥ
Զ˵ǰԪһԪ⣬ԣֻ꣡
ʥصԼϹŵת飬Ҷͨ꣬Ҫﵽʥ۷һɳֱսߣճΪ֮ǿߡ
ЦݣһӶʧڶ֮⡣
ʱ˿̣
ʮʥصϷ߿գ֪жߵʱ֮С
ಣ
Ӧ龹Ȼƿնһʱ䣬ǰһں֮ģһȴȻʥأҲʮٶȣԽҶȴ߶ǧͼ̫̫࣬ࡣ
ʦܣûˣ

һӰͷֻ⣬ƿնǱ𣬶һӰӰȻ˵ƣֻɽݡ
ӰӦƣȻӰƳӦ飬Ȼһû뵽ЩûʦΪֻһ
ǰһԶģӦ鵭̾Ϣ
ı
Ӱַľ̾˵ģʦܣıΪˣѵʲôǿˣ
ǵˣΪֲЩ꣬ʥصźʥңңΪ֮λұ֮ȥҲԹʥءҴˣҪֲһ㣬ӦֵܣһζԻˣ
УΪ־ҪѾΪҲҪָΪʵΪ֮ϣʥزʧȥ㣬֪֮췣ۣ֮пܣʥصĴҪ񣬵ʱʮʥػ޷Ԥϵı仯ΪҪȫ̤񣬶Կ
ʦĶ㣬ߴʲôˣҺĲѾ޷׷ϡ
ʦܣ
ӰԵüΪŭͷޱѹ
ʦ֣ѹûôʥض޷ңο㣿ҵȥѾЩһֱʥ޷ȥˮ򣬿磬ʦȴʵԸֻϧһͿȥһ½֮У˵Щˣ
λҪʦ֣йҶһЩϢ
Ҷȣǰã֪Ϊµӣһе֣ô꣬ôͻȻʥزȤ
ʵ꣬ҶƻζʥصֲҾʦ֣һϸ䣬ңһϸĵӶ䣬̫ҶǷߣǵԪзʿ֮һ֣ʦҲˣ
һֱڱչأҲڼƻ췣ۣ֮Ҷȣͨϣйһ˽⣬صĺܣʥˣϣõֻ̺صͨҲҸоʥأһԵ֣
ʦ֣ҲӴߣʥЩˣҪ֪̺̽ܣѵ𣿡
ʦ˼
⼸ʮ꣬Ҷȴ뿪ʥأ֮ģҶһ˵Ҳţŵı׼ʲô
ʦɣ
ʲôű׼ϸԪԼԪһԪʱ䣬Ҫˣţ
ĪдǷţ
ʱӰԵ쳣𺳡
Ӧ֮̾ûпҶȵһ棬һֱδʥصӣˣҲûаʥص֮أ
˼뵽һˣӰ⡣
һ·̤ˮϲΪ֣նɱʥԿ֣Ķ֣ȫﵽʥ
λϲ񡭡ӵнʥӰˡ
ڵͽλϲʱҲֻн߲ǴҶȵ֮˶ţҶһţκѹأְͨ취Ӧԣ˲ʵҿʥصδ֪ʦֻǵãǵʦʱʥصĹȥǶôԻ͵Ĺȥʥأӵأ֮£һ޷ﵽҲɷϣһǲһˣ
˼ףƽ֣ʥأڴΪ֮һжᷢı䣡
˳ﵽ񣬲Դ˴αض̤Ŀܣ˵ʥزòٴǨƣ
ʦܵ⣬ˣ
ʦ֣֮ҶȾͻعʥأһУǷмֵʱһжԵõӡ֤ﵽҵʦӦ֪δ
ʦܣҶȳɾΣʥصӣ
ʦ֣ǡ
ಣ
Ӧǣ¶ǳǳЦݣȻΪһŤӰʧȥ
ʦܣ
Ӱһ̤룬Ȼ֮⣬ǣû׷Ӧ飬ããգʦܣ֪Ż
ǣվþöδκεĶ
֮ģ
һСѨ֮С
ҶѨ⴦ѨȽƫƧûʿѡ붴Ѩʩչһ磬ӡѨ
һ󹦷ȥҶȻûдӣӦһĻع
˼⣬úС
ҪþУպ꣬˵ɰܣꡣ
ʱޣӦĿ飬ҲҶȶԼս϶ҪڣΪ֮ǿߣûģҶȣҲ˶
ù⴦ѨҲռˣ
ƽ粢ǿҪҪǿƵó⴦Ѩ
Ȼ䣬ӶѨ֮⣬˽
ҶͷŸӦԭ߽λ߲ǿߣѨ֮⣬ƺ뷨ҪѶѨռΪС
ˣʱڣǣùֻԼǻѰأúϢһʱ䣬սᣬֵҪڡƵһʺƣͱΪһԱƽΪ𣡡
ս߲ʤ㲻󣡡
ܱûеĺãǼһң
˺ܿ뿪ˡ
ս
ҶȺȻں֮ģһߵؽ磬Ƶƽĵ֮УߵλսְλҲս
⵹ҶȿʼжһʼĻᡣ


1890 ֻľ
һҶȱȥϸڣŵ֪Ƶи֣ǿʵΪƽǿߡ
һսʮһ֮󹫿С
˽֮󣬻صߣҶȿʼ鿴ת飬Լֻľ
ת飬߶ԪոսӴо棬̺ǿҵʥϢӦ޸ת飬е
ˣ
սתռ䣬һ̺Ϥֻ⣬ͻȻںҶ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ģ֮չĺܿһž
ֻľ
ĸֻϢĴ֣ҶȻһʥ֮Ҳ磬Ϊص֮һ
ֻأ˵֮еĴڣ
ͨ壬ҶҪץסʱ䣬䣬оصֻľ
̫ҵ
Ҷڰգһ裬ֻľžٴƯ
չžԼһɶ೤ģϵ£һֱܲڹž֮С
ÿһģֻϢ
ݹžȻʥصֻľӦɣֻ̺ϢӦϢͬ
ӵһĿʼβһģʮʱ䡣
ԭʥõֻľֻһоƺǿ֣Ӧûкܶಿ֣ʥǵõȫžѳΪǿ
ԺģžʧҶԪ֮С
ֻľҪһҲ̺ͨһţҶɽ磬ʹʥɽľͨΪޱ֣ʱھɱ֮ʩչ
ֻޱֻ֣һֻ̬̺Ϣ̫ãΪûֻͨ
ɽʥɽжˣֻľϵϾʥɽֻǴʥأݻ
ڶͨΪԪ
ͨѶȾҪޱǧ򱶡
öͨΪɽͨѶԪѶȲ࣬һѧޱֵţҲֻһˣտ֮ͨһ
ͨЩֻߵƿأãҶҲɽԪѶȣڵΪںϣޱ֡
ɽԪﵽʥҶȶƤëҪޱ֣Ҳһ׵顣
Щ̫ͨͨЩ֮ͬҶڷ磬ѧ컯ȭǰ漸ʽǴﵽɽ߶ȣҪÿһʽΪ粻ͬͬ컯ȭҲʱʱ̱̿仯
ޱ֣ͨ򵥵ģҲž粻ߣøĪ⡣
ͨǽڣһֻľӵһֻſ
ҶڵֻȻޱ֣ûϵͳպֻľֲһȱ
ʼֻľ
ôһֻڣ࣬̺ˣѭУилǿҲûоԣֻؾǴһ棬ɹоľ
ʿӵĪǱ֮еṩĸҪֻأҪڡڿʼھʿھ
һ󲿷ֵʵྶͥΨֻؽĲ֮
ֻӵжԪʣһҶѷ֣Ϊ̫⡢޼˻סʮ١֮ȵȵ̺ͬʡ̬Դ
ҶڵֻԪ̫ˣ֮ԿֻͨҪںӵֻݣûУҲ޷߶ֻͨ
ֻߣֻľԼɽԪޱ֣ҲҪͨ
̫ʼõֻľȻҶȻҪֻأ
ҶԺֻϢġ
ͨҶ𽥶ֻһգоһԪ̺޵һѪԵһٽĸоҲ򲻶ӿ֡
ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷȱ㿪ʼֻľУڵ΢ֻԪԼֻߣڿʼڡ
ͻȻһ
Ѱ֮ǰǵ
ֻ̺ϢӰǰͣҶȷֻӰƺһ㣬ֻһ㣬ΧֻϢԽǿҶȿԿ϶ΪֻľԵʡ
պҲֻ֤ӰݣȻʥʮԶŵһǿߡ
ֻӰ˶ҶҲ֣ڴ䣬Ҳһϸ΢Ϣ
̴߶֮ǰڼõĻƽʣطɳ
ƽΧһֻƣӾֹ΢΢ƽʣҲҶֻľ֮󣬲ſʼֻطӦ
ƽʵˣȻҲֻľҶֻľգﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
֧ƽʾдģһãԺعʥأԴ߳˱ʡʱҲݣʥ֪ҶӵжݣʥصʱȻӿҵļֵ
պûƽʣĵһֻطȻкܴô
УֻԪԽۺ
Ҷ׼֮ͨһޱ֣ͨһɣҶУһ˵ͨ޷ﵽ컯ȭ֮˻ơ޼սڰ׾ǿԳԪ
֮ȻǾ׵һգ޷ֻͨȣ֮δҲݵ͹˭Ҳ֪֮ﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
ֻѾﵽ۷壬Ϊӵֻ񼣣ʹֻ۷
ޱ֣һţֻԪΪֻΪͨ
˿г̬޷ľ裬Ҷȵʥصõơ
ƴ󲿷˶ƿأֻܰеˣ¾ʥأҲûм
ޱ֣ҪַΪַÿһںֻںһ𣬻ޱ֣̺İԵҪֻǾޡ
ֻˣҲǰģޱֻСޡȴûСС˵ֻ֮ͨͨУһŽͨ
Ҫޱ֣ѵģǶֻе򣬰ֻ棬ǵģֻԪںС
ҶȲſʼӴֻأû£򣬴ʱΪֻߣԳ˲
ںֻصҶȿʼһӡΪһַֻȥһֻ⡣
Ȼ󲻶ᣬַ֮ɣպҲƵľ裬ޱֲıϡ
ʵƣҲɽ磬ޱ֣һͨˡ
ǻعͳ
ַںϣ໥룬ԻΪֱ̬ͨʩչΪΪָӡ̬
䣡
̫ҵһץַ㱻߶Ϊޱ֣һ⣬аգȻռ俪ʼڽƵģ˻ơ
ǴﵽӦʩչôһУǿ԰֮ġ˲𣿡
˵ͨҶĿ࣬һйصĲ
һݱ䣬ҶȻδַӳֵӾ˵ĳ̶ȣÿһַҶȶﵽϵӡΪһַôַ߶ֻȴʱԽ̫ࡣ


1891 пս
ޱһ̶֮Ҷȱ뿪˾䡣
ûʱ䣬ȥ鿴תĲ
һʱ伴Ƶܲһɱ֮
Ҷ뿪ߣĨȥһϢ뵺졣
;ʿЩ˶ȥֵģƵսӣȻֻʮĸ·ǿߣȴӽǧˡ
뵺ж磬ÿ̤Ƶʿ̤룬ͬҲƵƽܵĵ
μսҪϽƷʯ
ոշ뵺죬һЩǿߣά򣬲ʿڵ±Թ
ҶȻȺ֮Уۣϲ񣬸·УһЩͽλʥҲС
ϸƽǿʵЩﶼһ£ΪҲϲʥ֮䣬ǷֹͬڵλҲͬﵽ£ƽܣ࣬ȴǸеĸ֡
ʯܻһְλֵ̫ˣ
˶۷á
ҶȺòǰרŸǼǣһʮ˱
࣬ʵѺܾˡ
˶֪ҪΪƵһԱǾһδսսˣֱս£ÿһˣ࣬Ļˣʵܶ˶ȥսƵǿߣмõġ
սʧܣ޷סʯҲòûо԰գ˭Ҳȥս
ѲߡӢ
ҪгʮսǿߣƵεְλ
ӢѲ߶һЩְλճʱ˽¿ԵõٺôȵְȻûжˮ˱սˣƫһЩ̵ˮְλ
ĿǰҪģں֮㣬ʹƵʼƽܣҲΪպ󣬵һսǿߡ
ѰһҶȾʹƵʼȳΪƵˣȻУʵһս
Ƶְλսȵ찲֮ʵߣһսְλ
ǣҶȾóʯݳսһǿߡ
ҶȿʼȺ֮Уǿߵȴսʼ
˰֮һȺǿ˹ȻǺ£ϸͼƵ
߳ʮˣ̨࣬Щ˴ϲ֮䣬ûκʥ
Ȼһ࣬Ұ޵˳
λƵĹ֮һףսҸս涨ֻʤʤߣɳΪƵһԱ
ҽ֮ɱ֮ɫ淨˵оûκεζֻɱ
һɨ·ǧ֣԰սҪԴڣϷЩǿߣвڹ֮У©սҲһֳͷʣ¼ˣȴǱãҪͨսְλƵӲʲôӻģҲˢӣսڿʼ
磬µһɣ
̨Ҳһͽλ񣬵ʩ֮󣬱һ̨
Աߣһ´һλսߣ
ಣ
·ȺȻһλΪӣͬҲǵͽλΪ̨֮ûпΨ
һ
ʼ
ָһ̨һ磬Ӧò׵ǴﵽʥǿߣĽ硣

գۼ䣬ս뱻սߣȻȭͷһ𣬽֮ڣһ˵Ķơ

Ȼ̨һľ̨
֣ʲô˼ʱ߶ӿɱҪѶԷ޲Ե
˲ϽȥһĻĻ͸գ·ʿٶܵһӰ졣
ͣ
ֻǰʱ
ͻȻ䣬ҪһѶԷնɱʱ֪Է䲻⣬˦һ飬һ
ͻȻֱ͵ϮֶΣһʱ붾֮У˵ʱʱ죬Էһ̿նشš
ʱһѪæģˣ
䣿̨սӣĵȻҪѡ
ԷڨڨһЦһת񽣴Ŵһƣ֮ϣͷƤ䣬¶ʺѪͷ
ƵǿߣһǾɱʵǿȻͬһ񣡣
Ҷۼ֤ƵʵһˣʵôԼƽܣʵִﵽεȵĵزЩʵˣҲĻ׶Ը
˵ʬ壬˳ȥȻվ̨֮Уȴڶս
һλսߣᶼʥóһݱ

·һλ쳤ӣȻųֱ̂ѡȨװװʯ׸Ƶ
û˳ЦᶼʥϾ̨ˣʵ̫ǿװ˭á
һλ³
ޱ飬óһݱ
һΣΪ³սߣϷ̨

ȻսʧܣڶԷ£һһսս߳ɹնɱսߣһȨɹսɱصλ֮С
ս󲿷ֶս߱ɱգҲЩս߽һֻսɹɱ˱սߡ
սӦõϳ˰ɣ
˿̣һ߽λϲ˳̨룬Ƶһλ˵׵ǸӻģҲﵽϲ۷塣
һսߣ㣡
źóݱһݣ·֮Уһλӣ̨У΢΢һݼɵ
ƣȾһأ
Ҷȴս㣬ҡҡͷҲһϲʵҲУѲ˿־壬벻²սɹ

սȹɻ򣬹㡣
ֱ񽣣ֻһңΪ˵ģһſŻ򣬰ѻɢΪһЩƬ

һһֻţոƵŻ򣬾ʹϷֱ
ؽʽ
ӡ񽣣ȻγһתĽն𣬰һ顣
ʱչֵʵҪսߵġ
һ̣Ʒ˱仯սߣƵĸ֣ΪӰΧ㣬Ϊ𣬹Է
߶񽣣һ⹥Է֪ʲôʱ򣬴߶һöɫϸ룬һüġ
ʹ˺һ׹̨ϣսȻŹһ㣬ָһһ浶նĲӣʱͷ롣
ò̵ֶΣ
һλսߣҶȣ
һݱ

ҶȴȺ֮зɳ磬֮󣬼ͷ˫ۣƤ·Ŀ֮У˺
꣡
Ҷȳ֣ԷȻһƬ𺣣Ҷϯ
̫ɣҶȰţҲչ̫˵ʵȻæܣԷƺ޷͸ҶΪȴҶʵǿʱһƣ𺣣ҪҶû
æ֮УԵΪǱҶȻǴӡ˺𺣡

ǿߣȻӻ֣֮һڹ⣬
ͣ
ǣ벻ǣҶһ⣬֮УһѶ̽شͷ­
ˣ
ʬ壬̨֮ϡ
սʤһκսǻһʱ֪ͨλ
ĮҶȣҲȥıսߣһ֮󣬱ʾΧˣһ̨ͬ󷽡
ҶҲ֮


1892 ʯ
սɹΪƵһӡ
ҶǰһȺˣǱ飬ֹ֮УδԴԺ˾һˡ
ɳŲп淨򣬼㶼ΪƵһӣΪƽǿߣһ壬ʵÿȻǶ塣
𽥴⵺ڵڵɼʯ¥ԽӽϷʯ¥𽥳ΪʯڵϷǼˮѵһĹ¥
Ҷһкˣвһʯ֮С
Ȼƽǿߣƽʱۻ֮ء
ʾҶȣյλѰλΪҶȵλãȻĩεġ
һṦ˼׵λʥǿߡ
Ϸ·жʮˣʮˣǲμսǿߡ
Ƶǿߣ￴ֻʮ֮һӦöʮ֮Уְ
ÿһǿߣסԷҶһ΢ҲȻ˼
Ϊÿ˶֮ԶۼһΪǴ඼Ϊ
ȻӭǶ֮У׼룬ǲҪ˶ãӴ˸ǣǸԹҲҪúþľвأǾҪս
룬ɭϣһɨڳˣҶ֮ĴڶʱڣΰߣһҲһոսοЩˣ
ֻǼ򵥼仰ڳһ
ո֣Ȼ޳ɡޱĴ磬ҶԼҲսĵõֳ³
˴Ҷ⵺һʯ¥
Ӵʯ¥Ҷȵľ
ҶȽϸڣÿʮ꣬鷽棬ǲϸ񣬶ᱻ¼Լÿʮ꣬ᷢʮƷʯΪˣƴҲҪƵԭ
ʮʮƷʯԣʮʲôꡢǧֻ꣬ҪӣҶȾͿһʷıꡣ
ôȻⷽ棬ΪƵˣֶͨΣƵʿեȡ档
ȻҶȶԣмɶˣ룬ǵĿġ
ʯԻøˮıһ뿪ƵصȻԻȡ˵ĲƸ
Ϸ֮ҶȸոϢϤͻȻϢųزʯ¥
Ҷȣʸ˴ˣ
һֺʱʯ¥֮
ʸˡǸƵµĻʸˣһ½λƵʱ䣡
ҶȶʱóԷ֮ǰһС
ֻ벻ʸˣʸ֮ͻȻ˿Ϣᡣ
߲߲ƣԷͻȻȻʲô顣
߳ʯ¥һƤڣݣͷߵĺӣʱҶĿ⣬ӶԷϢƶƣȻǻʸˡ
ڻʸԱ߶ˣǸ߽λ߲Ȼǻʸ˵֣һɭɭĸо
Сļˣӿ켸ʸǰҶȵԵüɵޱȣȭ
ʸȻΪݣˣƺһͷԱδҶȵǷĮ͵ʧȻǸ飺ҶȣȹϲΪһӣԺ̧ͷͷﲻУһƵķˮأһСģп޷Ա
Ժ˵ʲôСľж
ԳһΨΨŵŵɫЦ֮һսˣʱЩ˻ܷ⸱˵ģҶͷóһö䣺˵ɣС;УżȻõһö̺߲ƵĴ䣬޷ƽƣҲ֪ʲô⣬ȥ˵֣
пУͰĥĥ
ʸ˼䣬ȻףĮ֮ɫ΢΢ȥȻ䣬ƺ̼䣬ͷ봢䣬һĨЦݣչأˣҪȥ⵺˽ʯµĵ죬Ϊ꣬㶮ˣ͸ʮʱ䣬߹ȻʮȻʯ㣬㲻õģֻ޷̵ˮ֮һⰲźò£
˺ôǲһ
ڻʸ˵ģҶҲйţڸ˺ôֻʮֵ̫꣬ãҲʱ䣬߾磬ȻʼһսΪƵ߲㡣
ʵΪͿʼսĻâ¶ûжٺôȻʱ伱ȣȴҲҪһ
飬֣Ժʲôѣǣ飬ھʹҶȥʯ
ʸֽ߽λ߲Ȼұλ߲񣬴Ҷ뿪뵺졣
Ҷ֮ڻʸߣΪĸ߲ʸˣϴ󣬿ҶȣǺܴ󷽰ɣ
СӻһǧƷʯϼ
һϲ˵ȷһʲС
СӣԶչˣպҲҪѰһܣΪȣһĳЩ˲ӣе
ϴף
ǿ۸һףһףѾʼҶȣҶȣˣ³֪
Ƶ󷽣ֲСƵ
һΪʯСǼС֮УСģҲûʿΪСýʯ
ҶȣʯҪǧ֮ڣɹ´ʮλֵ︺𣡡
ˮ֮ϣҶȣ߽ܺʯ
δٺʯʮˣΧ£
鵱ڽһ˿ҶȵĿ⣬ҲһģǶҶȸ˻ʸ˺ôһĺôĻܵ˶Դ
ΪҶȽܹںʯ飬뿪֮ҶһͨĿ⣬ҲȻҪࡣ
ҪĽʯǴΧðˮĽʯɼǾͽĽʯҲ˲ɹ⣬ҶҪʯֻܷȥԶˮ򣬻һ취ǽˮ£ɼˮ½ʯ
ƵǳˮûǿкˮҲǼΪյģƵǲˮ»
۲֮ҶȱһЩʯһʯݣϢ죬룬һһ治õС
ͨѡͨǷ̫ãҲ谭
ͨ壬ԼܷٸҲ޷ʥԻͨΪ
һͨ壬︺ҲһУұƵҸطУһзʽвͨ
һͨ壬ͨʯ˵ʥ񣬾񣬶͸ͨ
õݣֿ񣬾ΪҶڳ˿ռ䡣
Ҫѡһзʽ
зʽֶ඼ǱչءǱޡ
ϸϸ˼һҶ뵽УϽɽʵǿǱޣչأɱðΪǱޡչΪǷҶеѷʽ
ˮ
ɱĵطȻֻСˮ򣬶ˮ֮ϣ࣬ˮ֮Ǻ磬ʣˮҶѵ֮ء
ˮ磬ôΣյ磬ʥҲ׽룬붼ȥ롣
ҶһϲȴҪˮУ˵ȥ˭š
ϴץĺҲպó
ھýмƻ
Ϸһͨ壬ʩչǧͼ֮ɳʯݡ
գˮ֮ϣ·һϸ֧ԱһΪĺ֧


1893 
δ֪յˮ磬δ꣬С
ʩչҶȻˮ棬·պһ֧̤ˮ棬һӦˮ´ˮ档
Ϣˮ磬ǧͼٶȣԼ棬ٶҪܵơ
ҺҶȾ̫һڵݺᣬοֻӡ
ˣ
գۣҶȾûˮ¡
̹ǵĺ䣬ԼѹƺҪҶû߶̫һ֮κѹʼΪԼͨˣҶҲˮγɷһαװϢˮߡ
½ȻˮĺһģƵ·ҶҲԿôţһƵɽǳˮˮ£Ƶֻˮɽ߶һ֡
Խ½ٵѹϢԽԽˣһͨȻӡ
ˮѾһƬţΨһһЩݣʱʱӸˮ´ܳһܴ飬ˮ
Ȳˡ
ҶȽͣ߶£ûΪһۣһץһץסֳ
ҶȣͷΧ½أˮ磬ʱһ޷⶯һ£Ҷƿ֮С
ҶؿƺΧǺ֮·ˮ磬⸽ʲô
֮ģ
һּҶȣˮӰ죬ʱӼɵҶȣʵش𣺡֮кġֵܡ
ʲô·
ֵܣǿߣΪĺᣬں磬λܸߣֵܣֻӵ֮Χˮ򣬵󶴸мĹϵҲˣһʵﵽʥֵ֣ʵȻӽҲҲ󶴸ֱӹϽĴڣ
壿
ں֮Χв٣ֵеٮٮߣֵܣ֮ˮȻ̤뺣֮һ죬նɱһߣߣɱֵܵһˣ
˼˼ϸһƺ֮ˮͼԽϸԽã
ֵܣʵ󶴸йأʵѡ
ҶȵĻƴӣҷԣΪҶȣƺ֮ˮͼ
ͼƺúҶú䵱򵼣ʱָɡ
ͼ½صͼһ֮ˮһɽԨɽصȵ
ں֮ĲԶһˮ½гǺ֮ΧΨһһгͨ˽⣬֪ˮֵܣԭҲǺϵ
гֵˮǺ֮֮ϣ˷ӣˮ⴦гнס
ֵ֮ͨƿūһʱ䣬Ŵūȥ󶴸̵Ľг֡
ūҲһ硣
Ϊ˷£ҶȴһЩʬ֮Уᡢ棬Լڲ뵤ǡ
һҶȻͷŵϢֱһǿߣԷֵģҶֶΣྪ춯صĴ£Ǳͥȵȡ
ʱҶȣ°Ͷ𺳵޷ϣתۣҶȱ࣬Ϊһͨ˵Ҳû˵
ߣ
Ҷһ£ʵʵҶȼˮǱ롣
ףףǧס
ԼˮѾûκιߣۣһɾ룬Ͳͬǵ۾ƺ಻һֲָˮֱܷλ뷽λ
ˮ쳣䣬Ҷȴ߶򣬼Ͼ£԰κκΪѹһһ⡣
һṦԭڰˮ򣬺Ȼֵ⣬ԭҲһ֧ˮ
ӲͬҲģܻһ⣬ˮ
ˮһ磬һǺ磬ȫֲͬˮ硣
⸽ҴδҪҵ¡
ʱ֮󣬼ײ㣬ѹҪҶѹñըɣΧһʱ֪ˡ
򵥣
Ҷ߶龻֣޵ͨڵʹãοˮ磬ֻʱҪ΢΢һЩķѵˡ
ǰﴦͷԼﵽвҵ
㹦ҶȾջʾ֮£ʹҶȷ˹ȥ
Ȼһˮ֮Уһ
Χ̾żͷֻвʵޣǾ޴ڳ˯֮У֮ڣͷ߲Ϣ
ҶǰѺ䣬Ȼ߶֮ʩչ𽥵ؿ

֪ҶȾΧһͷвϷָһģˮһ£ɴʱҶȵġ
ڶͷϷһΣҶ޶֡
ˮ֮УȻ½ƵģûܵκѹƣȺҪӦˮԱߣſһ׾پͰвС
ͷ󲿷ֶ޸ˣҶڶ֮⣬ͻȻ
ʼڣȻߣ޷棬ڶһ㰵ɫâϡռ仹Сһһң״̬ƺ֮С
Ӷ֮ڣҶȸоһŨҵѪϢԺϢ˽⣬ӦòǺѪ
׼붴ȻҲһͷЦֵܣҶˣ
ҲǣҲҪһЩѪУ
ʼҶҲʱֹס档
һ߶䣬Ȼ䣬ӴڣȻһࡣ
Ǹ౻ӡס޷ڣҲ޷˺ۣһŵһҡ

ǺҶȸոռʿе֮ʣȻһ󵶣Ҷȳ֡
Ӷ󵶣۵һ࣬ն´󵶣ʱʿͷ֮ϣѪ䣬漸°ʹ֮ͣྐྵȻûͷ­Ҳš

һ࣬ҶȵǰںУʱ˿̣ҶȵԺֻһ֣ɱ
Ѫڱڣŭȼգһμ࣬ں磬Ȼһں˵ֻһ⣬ֻѪѡ
ͣ
ͷֱѶʿ࣬ǾȻ˫֣Ťʿ˫֣˺ͷ­ֱԡ
ͳͳҪ
Ҳ޷߶֮ߣڶ֮У
ζǼ۸̫ˣ
ԵĽζ
ͣ
ո˵꣬Ҷȣֳ޽ͬʱǱһش̴̳ͬͷ­
Ͱ֮С
һʿʬ壬ֻʣֻȣԼһصĳӣһΧҲѪͷֹһࡣ
꣡
ָһһ𣬱棬еѪԼʿĲ֫һʱ䣬Ϊ˻ҽ
֮н磬ûкˮɵȼգкˮҲȻȼա
ӴҶҪΪרɱЩ
ںҶֻţڣۼʶֶΡ
뵱ںʥǿץٵĺ²δɥʧԣһһɱֻǽںʥ
ۺȴײС
ѵ࣬ķֱ


1894 λϲ
ɶ񡭡Щ˷ӣӿɶ񣬼ˮԼ֮зͬҶȾϢ
žһкۼΪҽƺڣҲ֮ܲǰһĻĻ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȵܵҳ硢ɽ磬ӴޣҲûײС
֮ҶȲŻòĺ
ҶȴΪӣеʱλˮн籣Χȷʵһǳʵĵ
ϸ취ΧкϢһһ˿й¶³ͲҶ˵ˣ
Ӻһۣŵú߼æ뿪
֮ǰ󷨣µķӡУȻͷųĴܷǱڶܡ
ܷ࣬Ҳ壬ܵˮӰ죬ӵҶȵͨĴܷΧʥˣҲֲκ˿
Ȼ߶䣬գʧҲΪһȳҪϸ΢Ĺں϶ռ֮С
̫ҵ
ץߺʬ壬߶¯ʬһһУҪЩΪӡ
ʯͨ幵ͨûʲô鷢ʸˡƺҶȲڣҲûҹҶȡ
Ҳãͨһ߸һ߶Уʱʱ̿Ҳʵ
һͨ壬һֱ̫ҵ֮У񵤡
ͨļֵ벻˳Ҷȷġ顣
һ֮󣬺ڻˣ
ҶȻص߶磬ΨΨŵŵ߽һݵͼ
һû뵽ֵ֮УСнֲ֮࣬ں֮ˮҶڵһΧҲٸԼǧʥ񼶱ĺǼ٣඼ϲ
Ҳдв²ĺЩǵͼڣҶ᲻ȤֻսԽڵĺŻĸӼ̣ʵһ
ⲻնɱ߲Լ֮ǰڶ֮⣬ץסļͷһƳ߿ӡ
߿ӣѾҶȳλϲ
ҶúڶΧȴǲȻֽ䣬Ҫ߿ɣٳˮ֮еˮ֮ﵽλٻصʯͨںϣλ
Ư̫ҵ֮УҶȿʼһſɣÿһţʱ䶼Ҫʮ꣬Ͼӣ̺ʮ־ˣҲҪʱ侻ʡ
о䣬Ҷȸܣ꣬ﵽʥʵ
ҲΪҶ׳ȵȣѹߣҪҪ뿪䡣
߿ӳɹ֮Ҷ뿪ռ䡣
̤붴ҶȾ͸оڵѾﵽ˶λ깦򣬽֮µˮ֮Լȫںϣʱ״̬Ķλ
ʱ뿪ˮ磬صʯͻλ
Ҷú򶴸кǴ֮ģҲиӦĴܷҶȻڰ
ˮ磬صˮ棬ֻüˮ棬ȻƵھƵʮһˮ
߶ǧͼƵ⣬ʩչɷ򣬼ӣʹ硣
ɲǼ䣬ʯ
ͨʯ֮ں֮Ҷȱ㿪ʼ߶磬ʯڵһУȻ¯ؾҶҲ߶ԾٶȣȻȫԪںϡ
ͬʱҲͨ壬໥ںϸﵽƽ⣬ſԳλͨ壬кܴӰ졣
ǼȥһԪڴﵽλ۷壬߶ӡʼȫԪ֮лȥ
ԴԱߣһƬ嫵Ԫ
һʱ䣬ҶڲųԪ㼯ڽ֮Уӡٶȿʼӿ죬Ҳ߶ȼԪ
Ԫ󴫳һžȼֳһֻֻ̬Ԫ衣
ȼգʱҲڼʧ
ҶȻֹۣͣӡԪΪһɴСⶼǾ˵ӡ
ᣡ
֮ӡ˫һϣӡͷŶĿ貵⣬˵һ
һɴСԪӡâ£ɲǼΪһһߴСԴ
Դᣡ
ݲҶȸˣϤһЩ⣬ϸʼ飬ʹֱ࣬ܲʹࡣ
鵽飬ҲҪʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҿȿת飡
ڳҶͷţ֮С
ͬʱת飬ҲƯ
ϸϸĦ۴Сת飬֪ΪΣоǿϢ֮ռһӵ㣬ÿһ㶼жӡÿһһϢ
٣֮ͬ
޷ȣҶһδУͻƣ飬һ㶼ڼ£ΪзĴڣӵԻӿҶˡУʱڳ飬𽫻Ḩ顣
ûзҲҪʮ£⻹ǶҶȶԣһʿҪʮʱ䣬ͻһ磬˳ɡ
ҶֻܸӦһƵһƽϢܵһǿ־־֮ˣ߶ãҲҶʹתʱ־߶ת飬ΪҶȴλ
ɲ֮󣬸״̬ǽʱﵽ޷Ƶʱʿһߣת԰ʿΣա
һϧϹ֮û˿Ƴ
ת飬̾ϢĲͬҲܵӦ飬Լڴ
ľ޲ɹԸҶΣΣյϣҲǵڣӦҶΣʱγ
ݴ̺ϣӦҿԴӦ㣬ֻҪʥؽңҶȾͲṼʥأ
ӦУת飬ҶȴδȻġ
Ӳ˼ҵĶȻҲûʲô԰õġ
Ӧ֮ԸǰʥصΣҲһҶȣʱҶҪӦҲϣֲ֮꣬ʥء
ʱߵһһ޷͵Ե֡
ϧӦˣκϣ
պת飬ҶҲ룬ǷӦ飬ָƣҲֻˣȻӦԼɥʧȥ־ֺαǿ
ع鱾塣
ת飬õʱ򣬷ʹá߲ʥ񡭡ֻ˾
ܰװ˷ת飬ﾡá
۲һ飬Ѿʼ飬ںѪҺԪ֮Уʼ顣
ңҲ߶Դ֮УѪȫѪӡһѪˡ
Ѫ̺ʼںϣϷҶȴʱٶȣﵽǰδеٶȣκϲ񣬶޷ȡ
ٶȣڣʥ񣬲⡣
ಡ
ȻһƷ߶
Ʒ뵺Ѿٺʯĵһ
ǡ
ͷŸӦ֪˭ˣʸߣֻҳϵĹ͹֮һ
²ʮ꣬ڹʲôĿġ
ͿʯݣҶֹͣУʩչͨʯƽϢȼյһɶ
Ҷȣڣ
Ҳ


1895 ɽӿ
Ҷ߳ʯݣֶƯڰգһۣ޷֮
ˣһάҶӭȥ
һҶ⸱԰УҶֻһϲ񣬻һ¼λճҶҪ׷һӶûпܡ
мЦЦóһö䣺ʮʯ
ó䣬ҪݸҶ֮ʣ֮УȴԵмԥǺۣȴѱҶջ񣬵׶Է˼
Т˻ʸ˲ٺôֹܣô֪ʲôӣҶȡ
Ҷȵ˵ˣСЩ궼ںʯҪ˶չˣö䣬͵Сһ⣬ĪҪ֣
ô˼۽ǣʱһḬ̃
Сһ⣬˳ȫ
úãѵТģʣʮ꣬Ժ㲻ظɵ࣬ϢԺ󻹻˼룬ǽŸɣҲܵͽ䣬ʯǲȱֵģ
һµҶʮʯһʲСʱһĳҲһôҶȡ

ҶƣóʯΪֺϣ˲Ҫ̫ӵдϢᡣ
ȻҶϣ˺ôҲ˱ԺҶȿͨ壬С
㣡
ˣСԺ󣬻ָ˶չˣҶһƨһ뿪ʯ
ֻѪ뿪֮ҶȸӦʯǶڰжһһֻ˲¹ͷĶǡ
صʯݣҶ̷ͨ壬ŴǧͼֱӴʯǣѾ뵶ūͳͳӹ
ļƻþˡūˮУˮ½̫࣬ʺ֮ء
ͨͳˣϢͨƵ磬ȻֱӴ߶ǧͼΪʯǣʱƿնȥ
Ӻ֮ĵʯǣǧͼӵ꣬ͨأֻҪʱҪȴ뵶ūعʯǡ
Ҷʱ䣬
ԪһƬ飬֮һ֮ǰɵ߿ӣΪ˵ԴҪĺʬ壬Һڻмͷںʥռĺʬ塣
ҽʻʵ۵ʣһ룬úʬ壬λɵʻʵʣһĽλʮȵ
¹
ͨʹžˡūƵ֮⣬һˮȴš
Ҷȷڶͨ壬ʯͬʱڳʱУһЩҲ¸Է
һ֮ҶȾˮͨϣ뵶ūʱΪʵԣҶУ̫ˡ
ˮ֮ǰҶþ뵶ū׼ͬʱҲڣһϣֻҪᱻʶơ
ˮ򣬰֮˾ͻص
һҶȴôˣŵòᣬ׿
Ҷþ뵶ūӦˮ䣬ͷʬ壬ͳͳΪӣֳɶʮݡ
֮ˣֱӷָ뵶ūҶڣֻʣ½ʻʵһ
뵶ū˰꣬ںӣҶȾúž뵶ūȥ򼸴֣뻹ҪѺʬ
ܿ춴ֻʣҶһˣڸոսλϲͨڶλ׶ΣҪ䣬ͷβҪһΣҸַҲҪµںϡ
ɽ磡
֮£֮ϣĴʱ֮һ
ھɽ޽֮֮䣬һƬͷŹľ޴ɽ磬λռ롣
ɽĹͥ
ϸԪԪͥ칬Ǿɽ磬ǿ
Ź¼·Ⱥ۹칬칬𣬹ͥλҲܵ
칬һսͥءۣԼţͷ񣬰ͥǿ֮󣬹ͥѾʧȥյλ
ͥϸԪİλȻٹ̡
ʱ˿̣ͥɽ磬֮ϣĵӰ޽֮ظ߿գϵƮ
ɽԼǿߣˣȻʶ
ΪˣشۡۡشԼţͷ
ƣû뵽ͨͨû
￴ǵĹͥΪξİˣ
ĴǿߣƯڹͥϿգش߲ۣǵǸɽİӹͥ˫ͫ΢΢һݲɣ
ش۵ֻǼˣɽ绹ɽ磬ͥǹͥȻǹͥƿߣ
ţͷۣѴӹ¼֮󣬾ɽ̫ϼ𡢻ġɵϹŶͥһһ߽⣬ϼ𡢹򣬶Ҫģǹɣ
һ׹ۣ񣺡ɣϲģϹŶӪ֮УŴηĽ飬ȻΪͥƿ֮һ
ţͷŵڵϹŶӪ඼ˣһ֣ǵŽ̫飬뿪ͥˣһͬɣһֱǵˣǻҪһˣΪδĹͥˣ
岻Ǻɵĵ𣿡شһ
ǺɵĵӣҲ̫ɽ֮Ҷȵѣͬһλ棬Ϊкɣϻĵ֧֣ҪΪͥˣȻҲ˳ˮۣ̫ɽǿѾյ칬ֶ졢ʥɽޱڡ޼ڵȵɽ̫ɽѣ
̫ɽ硭Ҷȣ
ʱشϣһơ
뵽ҶǱͥϷˣһĻĻ¡
Ϊͥףش۵ʹ
ţͷ񣬵Ҷȶ֣һʱ䣬۶Ĭˡ
ҶȵǿѾɽ֪Ѿ֪Ҷѳɹ̤磬ڳԽЩյɽͷΪ޷
ǰΪ˵ûš
һĩһĳ֣Ѿɽ֡
ˣԪȲϣвԪǷ԰Ȼ޴档
Ҷȴ˹ϵ̫㣬ĴڣֶۡȻ̫ۡ顢졢ħа̽ĸӵаʵĸӵɽһİ
ţͷ񣬴ɱ֮¶һ˿ڣ֪ҶȣɳΪǵĸ󻼣ɽеľɱ֮УҾ͸ðĨɱˣûнɽ֣
شüһѹȥҪǣǲûɽѾǣڿʼǲҪعͥҪùͥΪɽǿ
أҪƴӣһɻ
ѵǻѡ񣿡
شۿۣȻɨشţͷ񣺡ǿûаص㣬ɽ磬Ҳûһͳɽͼɽ磬ǹ֮ͥأûһ·һλᣬҲһ·ȻǷģȻĿģѾû·Դȥ磬Ӧ࣬ǲҲ޷ȥ磬ɽ磬Ҳûǵ֮أ
شɭɭЦվȻʵһжʱģԺȥ磬ʵҪ
Ǹƻǻعɽ磬һҪʲôȥشһŮӣȻ˼ϸ壬Եñ֣Ҫ侲֡


1896 
ش۴˻˵ۡشۡԼţͷһʱ䣬סͥ
ǰۣţͷ񣬿ݺǬɽﶼȥãڼΪɥ֮ȮҲ쳣
ţͷͷϣǶţǣͻȻĨ֮⣺ϧ֮ţһֱڹͥΪͥıԴѾЩһĨҵʶо֮ţҪƹͥ׾٣
òϾ֮ţͥ벻ǻţϼϹŶڣֻкһڸ֣ǲǵĶֻ֣ҪֶΣƿغɵˣӦϣͬʱıͥ磡
ͥ磬Ȼ˵ģż꣬ǲܰѹͥн綼滻
Ǿжɣ
ۣţͷ˼ƻȻشش۷ͥţͷͥ࣬ͥ
ȻǵϢǵĽ磬ǵ
ششۣͥǰ磬ϣͬɫ
ͥԴ
شۣͻȻ˫һ֣˫֮䣬һɽ̬֮ͨ⣬ںϽ֮УҵɽأԼķϾ֮ţһֱΪͥԴڹͥǿĨ֮ŵʶ˵ıԴǸ޷Ĩ
ˣ
ɽ֮ͨ⽥ںϽ磬۶ʱ׵ؽͥ
֮ͥڣȻƯɽ磬ϷΪͥյģ
ҲһЩ仯
಻ڹͥ˵Ϣһɽ˸ͷţͥ಻ڹ˵Ϣ
ĪǺˣɽ֪Թͥʵ޷ôˣᱻɽںϣͥʱʧ
۷Ϸɽ硣
شƺѸӦͥ仯ϷɱҲǳŭ
شۡش۶ǰڣɽǿĴڣ˿ݺɽκʱա
˴󷽷ͥûκ˷֣Ҳκǿ߷˵ǿһЩͷǶڹͥȻֻ졣
һ󹦷˾ͥ
ش׵ĵҲǹͥʥ֮ء
ششۣΪһˣ֮ͥС
ã͸ŨҵĹʱʱйˣշɹޣڰ֮С
شȴشۣأߴһ޴ɽ
ַɽ󣬶ﵽٸ߶ȡ
ֻ滻ˣ˵С˼
شվڲ֮ǰһЦ˫ֺȻڽ֮ϣڣӿĹɹ⡣
һʼɢشش̤Լ죬Ǿ֮УֻռʲôûУֻһ߰ɵķ
Ƿһɽ
ϸԪĹɽ磬Ĺ
ɽ
ɽ֮һǹϵһһԪɱԴģֻмˡ
ش۴һ԰ɽϢϢһģһκˣҪĨɽںҲҪԪʱ䣬ֻܷӡܴ߶ͥɽΪԴƶɣֻҪµõɽͥ»صҵƿ֮У
ɽ
ˣ
ɽ·Ӧˣ֮ߵľɽʼûСΪȭͷСشü֮С
ˣ
شۻһͷž˵Ĺ
ںϵζѸӦͥԼͥıԴϢشתشۡ
֮شһ˲ͳͥǰ
дֱ֮ӽͥ
ηУ˸߿գһƬƯľ޴ɽ
ɽ룬һƬ߲Ȫأð߲⡣
ش۴شֱӽ߲ȪأȻˮףһƬ߲ˮ硣
;ǿߣ߲ȪصϢûзۣߣǰɹ
˿̣߲ȪƯһ߲⡣
˵⣬ȴֲǣˮʣϣֱﵽһҡ
ʥȪ
شǰıԴʥȪһ̾
ʥȪش۵ıԴͬش۵ɽɽ磬һδδɽ磬ֻûо֮ţǰպգΪԴǹͥıԴۣǲ״߶
۴ԼıԴ֣ԿԶԿɽκθ֣½Ҳ۵Ķ֡
ʥȪΧƣشۣһһ˫ƣˣʥȪȻʥȪΪһ߲£ϡ
أһӦöԸ˰ɣ
ش΢Цʵ
ɱΥͥ־ǲڣϾҪı䷨ɱҪзǵ˿
ںʥȪشۣȫһˣһش뿪ͥ
Ȼ˫ֺһͷŸӦƺѰҺɵ䡣
Ǻǣϼһﻹ̟֮ͥСһṦش۾͸Ӧɵڡ
̟֮ͥͥһҲµǿߣͽͲˣ
شۿһشۣͬʱһͷͥ·һɽ֮С
̟ͥ
ڲɳǣУ˭Ҳ벻ʱۣѾ̟ͥɳǡ
ɳƯڰգвٶǿϢͷš
ششۣ״һƣɳһƬϹϷ
ӦƬ̣˾ͷΰһ
ʱ˿̣ڹ֮С
Żǹ֮ͥǰһһǿߣƶɣڷ磬õУںϾŻ⣬ΪʦΪʱ䣬Űѷӡһһ⿪
֮Уֻһµ壬һ۵ĺɣһգһʢĹ໥
ֵԪҪΪͥ䣬ѧϰɽͨ
ǣ幧Ӧ
ͥ䣿ƾһëѾͷ
ͻȻ䣬Ӱӵֱӷ
ã
ɼӰ벻˻ϢǱ̟ͥʱ߶ӡ
ӡ֮⣬ҪɢڴͻȻһӰһָһץ¡һ
зӡ֮׷߽⡣
ۣ
һѪ˺弰ʱסȻͬʱǰصӰ
̫ǿˣԺʵһж޷Կ
ɰ廤󣺡˭Ϊδҹͥ
̣ǵҲˣ
ش۵һЦȻشֳۣ
ءأ𺳣һŵҡҡͷǲǱ𣿡
û˫ҲֱĴۡ
ش۵ۣж꣬ã׾һʱ䲻ɣȻڳһ׵ļһϹŶıͥż˵ͽ
ǡƺ۵ıɱ֮ģʱ廤
֮ҲԣɣΪͽ๼
شͻȻһ
̟ͨ
ǿͷһɴ۵ɹ⣬شӭȥ
䣡
ǿ󹥻ȴشһƣһʥɽķѣҲͬʱײ˺Ȼһը


1897 ۶ȡͥ
һɽǿߣͥƿ֮һ
ȻһУش֮£ʬҲȻ޴棬ΪһƬѪĸɸɾ
ͽ๼
˲ɱ˺ɣش۸ֶȻ壬ȴûа嵱һˣ׼ֵ˼ҲûС
˫ۣˮʹĳɾͣһ濿Լ֣棬Ǻɶ
ɲǰش£ʬ壬޷ŭششۣҸƴˣ
Ż
ʱһԾվԱϷ߶ʥ⣬һŵ۹â

Ѹ͹شϯ
ش幥˿û˼ŻҹͥϣĹâ
ŵâۣشƣ޷Ӱ쵽ش۷ָһ׵ͷһӡס
壬ǲɱ㣬ҪѹΪͽ³̫ɽϵǳҲ㣬Ը̫ɽ磡
ش
һŪشͼȴЦ̫ɽ磬ߣǶˣѾʧߣǻ̫ɽ⣬ڵ̫ɽ磬ȻûҶȣʵҲڹͥ
㲻ҶСӻãᵽ۷Ҫ̫ɽ磡
ش۶ʱһŭĺȵ
ȱǸӦϣչͥȻͽ
شһһһƬ⣬Ӱ
شۣգһͬӡ
ô£
ΪͥΧĽ־ڱһɾĨɱ
ǿУںϹͥ
˭
ȻͥϹŶǿߣӦͥı仯ʱһһԼɳ֮ͥС
ǿգͻȻһֻ֣ϵغͥ硣
ǿǿʵ󣬴ﵽ˰۷壡
һǿߣĿɿڴͥǵһΣ˰ԵֶΣֱͥ
˭ǵóѣ֣֮ͥǧǿߣǶ۷壬мˣﵽ˰߶ȡ
һ磬ֹͥǿߡ
Ǽʲôֵ𣿡
һŮӵشݶ£ʲôȡ۱ȡأҵĶ
ǡ
ˢˢ񷣬ֹǿͥǧǿߡ
ʱͬʱֹһϣȫǲŵı飬ƺѾˣգͥȨߵ
شۣ
ǶǹͥϹŶۣȻϤޱȣʱǶѿ϶˵֮ˣش۲١
شû
壬֣һ
ಣ
һ߲⣬ƿնǧǿ߼߲⣬Ѿ𺳵˵ǿȷشۡ
شֳЩһֱǳ֮У·ΣôشͻȻðˣ
и֣شǸƿƣûȷǱۣۻţڹȻ񣬵ڷ֮УһѺۣھ˳
شۣʲô㵱뷨ĩǱΪ飬ͻȻҪͥ
񻰣ǹȥ
ɽƶıˣڳЩǿߣûǰǰɵشۣһƣȻϿشۡ
߲仰ȻûǲҪˣͥǼˣɣñԴ꣬йͥǣǾãͥ𣿿ڼԪ֮ѻ𣡡
ش۰ףֱ׳˵
÷ĩǹͥˣһǰգڶͥҰѹͥıĩ㻹˵Ȼǣǹͥ˵ӣ
̣վ
Ҳ֪ǿ칬ΪɽǿĴڣͱ칬ݻ٣
ٽƱ磬ͥûλã뿪ɣϣھ뿪
ͣ
ʱǧˣǰһ𣬿һλĹˣΪ׷ش֮ʡ
ͻȻһӰ·࣬ģȻͷֻţǣ塣
һĴڣȻײ
ţͷ񣡣
˺󼸲ͬ黯ΪѪ飬һֳĿӰһƿԣɵޱȡ
ΪˣǹͥʵǿţͷΪͥһֱ칬Կѹɽš
ǹͥۡ
ţͷһɨи֣·ʱ޾޴󣬵ڷХٸҷҲͽڹͥίûеλ۸һУǾȻ⣬ҹֵͥɣмˣڵģ
˵̫࣡
ӰҲƿշ
ء
һǿߣشۣһΨΨŵŵ
ۿٹˣششߣ۲ЦһģǣȴҧһڣǶǹͥһֱе־ǾȻɽںϣ͹ͥһˣ
ش۽ŵǾѡҪ뿪ͥģھͿ뿪ǾԲѣѣԸµģԺǣͥԪٳΪɽ
أվʵ
ش俴ˣΪͽ˺Ȱ裬ʳŲڸģǶ֣ͽȻ
⡭
ɣȻǹͥ䣬Ϊ̫ɽ֮йϵ˶ͥס
û뵽
ۣͬΪıǣ
ȻϹŶվֿ󷽣߳ʮˣŶ˷ɳͥȥ
Ը߾ߣҲǿˣȥͥ
شһǧǿߣ΢΢ףһ֮ͬͥһͥ
ۡţͷشۣ
֮ͥ⣡
ţͷȻûǵðϢ߽̫飬Լˣ׼
֮ǰѡ뿪ʮˣոշͥȻ޽֮أȥ
Ҿ֪ǻ
ͻȻ䣬һӰƿնǰǴЦݵشۡ
һһʵشۣʲôѵҪԶţ֣
һֱ뽪̫ϵҪȥͶ̫ˣ۲õǿǡʧ
˼ɵ㣬ǿɲ
֮ÿ˶߶ȫش۰Χȥ
ɽ
شͻȻ˫һ֣һɸߵĹɽȻӸ߿ʮѹ
شۣ㾹Ȼɽͥѵ㲻¹ͥԴܵӰ죿
˴󾪡
ֻҪڣһͥ𣬻еڶ
ɣ
ش۴ʱҲȻΪһɽɽںϡ
ȻǱͨ
䣡
ɽ˺ѹȥ
һʱ䣬ռ𵴣˻ۼ
ֶ졢ʥɽޱڡ޼ڵȵ綼ҹͥ£
ɽʧȻ޽֮գʲôû¡


1898 ֮Ŀ
֮ˮ磡
ˣĺѱնɱ
ĺŵˮ
Ҷн֮ˡūϡ
һʱ䣬󶴸֣һնɱ˽ʮͷޣһΣնɱޣʬжʮͷ
ֻûдﵽ߽λֻͷͽλ
顢ʥūҶչʾǵĳɹضǺʬ壬Ѫζ
Ҷ߶¯кʬ壬¯֮У䣬Ϊӡ
ūоˣվ룬ϷҶȣˣһ˵زԶǵÿЩ֣󶴸߶
ǿߣҶȲʧϵʵ
һﵽλĺλʵϢͰǽ
λʵĽλλǿߣͷλ񣬵ȷöԸһȥ
ǣ
˹Ӧ
Ϣ֮ҶȾʹӾ䣬óһſӣָ뵶ūҲһЩ
ЩӣԺǿ󾫻ѵ
ū˶޷ӵУҶӵְ֮ͨǰնɱĺʬ壬ͳͳҶȡ
֮֮£ǧССֲţֻǶԼ֣󶯾Ժ˵һ֮Ʊػע⡭
ź£뿪ĺˮ磬ǰÿ˶ϢͷųαװڵԻ塣
ֶһ֣ҶȹţʮŪʮϰٸǾͲһˣʱ˵Ҫֵܡ
ҶһĶմһδɱսʵ߲٣뵶ūҲǣʱǱֵ֪κ
СģǺ֮·ɺ֮ĿƵˮвٺ֮ǿУǺ῿ֵܣҲȻ뺣֮һ߲ɱ
ź죬Ȼ·һƬ͹ӵĵɽɽϷˮ򲻶죬ƺðˮ档
ú֮ߣˮ
Ҷʾʱ֮ģһ߿ɵĿΣҲҪʶһ
߲֮Ƹ붼ˮ治֪ʲô磬ҶþˡūźԭϢ߶Ԫˮɽ
ԽɽԽ̾ȻĹ񹤣
߶龻֣Ӧɽ
ʱ֮󣬴ɽΧ£Ӧжʮ֣Ȼʥȫǵͽλʥ
ɽ֮Уĳռ䣬Ҷָܵʥ֣ȻһЩϢԼ񡢸߲ϲʿϢ
ô£ʿͬռ䣿
һӦҶɻ
ˮ磬кΪ棬֣Ǻ֮ģǿ߿ƵĿôк
ҲЩǱ֮ǿѹΪھ򹤾ߡ
ʩչӸϢ𽥿ɽвΧһʥ񼶱󷨣һʱҶȲŽ󷨡
ǰȻʯûнռͨѲסҶȣѰһᣬͼһɽѷ죬ɽȥ
ֻѷǰͨˮͷŵϢҶӦǿߵϢȻѷ졣
ѷ첻֪ʱжɽ˺ѿѷ֮УҲһЩ壬ǼΪͼģﵽ²в֮䣬Ҳֻǻûǻ۵ĵͼ
Щͼ֮ǿߣȥնɱ
ϽѷռһŨҵͷŶЩˮϵϢȻˮϵĿ
ƷʣȻôܹ㷺ʿԣС̳ٶҪϿ
Ҫġ
ʦӲ֮ͬУͨﾫǧǧ
ÿһġ
ҶȵĴǧͼ֮ҲˣͨռͬĿͨƣʣ뾫ƶɡ
һֵǣһЩϡ޷
žž
ѷȻģı޴
֮󣬱޴ʱʱ̶̿Уһʱ䣬ͻǰԶĿռ䣬Ҷȶ
硭ٲȻѾﵽλʥ߶ȣǺ֮ߣһ֣ͬƶɡ֮ڣǿ
ѷ쾡ͷһڵĿռ䣬ӿֶҪռ䣬ҪռΧһﵽ߽λʥĽ硣
ڻʱҴﵽ߲ΪһҶȵģ
֮䣬Ҫһս̤뺣֮ǿ֮Уʱߣ⴦Ȼ֮
ʲô
뿪ͻȻ·ѷԨʯѣâ
ԨץסɹâһԭǼ۴Сʯͷ͸һɻһƹûбʯʯ͸У޷͸ʯͷڲһˮϵʯϢ
ĪʯͷĿ
ͨʯͷܾȻԵ΢ҳһУиʯͷַʯͷļӲȣԽ󣬼ﵽʯ߶ȡ
пܣ⼸ʯͷ⴦еĿ
ȷǱӲ͸취ϳ˲ϡ
ڲдֿΧɢһЩ
ȥԨʯһЩͷŵ⣬ӵдЩͱȥ
Ȼ䣬ֽⷢ·ʯС̮պڽײ㣬һ˽ĶѨ
磬½Щ磬ԴӸ߿գأռذΧ
ˮ磬ӵоѹԼӣͬ½صҪˮ罨磬ѺѣҪɽýܣǺǿߡ
ʴ磬Ϸ쳣̣Ԩײʯ㣬Ҳֻʮ׾룬ͨͨʯ㣬ǿԽڲֻǽҲӵиӦƣͨײʯҲױ֡
ô˻ᣬ⴦©ûбƿ߷֣ץסʱӶѨ磬ͬʱҲڲһ󷨣ֹˮռ䡣
ǿҶں֮ͨ磬һտѨ쾮Ŀ󾮡
󾮸ףֱ֮ˮ棬ֱҲһǧңˮ磬ڵɽ֮Уھһ󾮣һ漣
ֹģ֪ھʱöһǿߣſھһ󾮡
ҶһԼڵλãǿײǵײھףΧʯڣҶּһЩĿʯ·Ƕڿ֮Уͷһɻһƹâ
·ռԽԽ󣬲ھݣҲΪʮ߽λڰѲߣżҲһͷӡס˳һ޴ʯ
ҲһЩлӰǵʿͬҲڸһЩֻ
ʥˣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ뿪󾮿ռ䣬ΪмʮʥڴϷڼ硣
Ҷ뿪磬ʱ·ǸѨͱʥ񣬴߶ͨʵʵ
´ʱҲҪﵽ߲񣬲֪ʥµĽ硭
ȻЩģ֪·дȴֻգһڲ֮꣬һжġ
߶֮ѷɳɽ롣


1899 սϢ
ˡū֮󣬼ź죬
Խ˵ˮϿȣϿ֮һɭɭʯУΧһЩˮױʯϿԵòڡ
߶ӦȻʯ֮УӦʮͷΪλʣͷһλλʵ
ˣҶȵɫԵöޱȣڲ࣬ǺΧʯ֣׼ãͷĺʣʮͷҲﵽ߲ĸ߶ȣ
ǣˣ
ʮ뵶ū
ͷŵһԣĿɿڴҶһ˽Ͽȡ
ϿλòʯΧһͷһھ޴ʯ֮С
ս磡
ˮ磬һжţ
ͻȻһ⣬ʯϿֱӽ٣ʯ
ͣ
ͷʯΧޣ̸ӦֱУȻײеͷӴ硣
Ȼ磬òʧȥ
ڴʱūͻȻһͷС֣ѵūѪ޷նɱֻﵽϲΪĵū
С֣һֻֻѪ֣ɲǼס޴ҲǳصģһԼֵŵòᣬһɹ۽ū
ι޷ѵūֱС֣ҲӺϡͷлس޴ūơ
һĺҲǴﵽ
뷽ʥʩչһƣסʼ޻˫ۣﵽʮɳȻӴƴˣѺ˫۶飬ҰԴŤ
һͷҪʯȥ
ϧʯѱʮ˵ҳ˷ʥ飬ʮѾʯΧ
޽
ʯĺͻȻһӰ֣ˮѹӰ죬ٶȿģһһӰִӺ棬һ
ҶִϷ֣һѸͲͷ

벻߽λ߲ͷӲޱȣ޽̲ȥô˻ᣬβҶȺɨ
䣡
ˮ磬ٶȣȻԽ̫̫࣬࣬ٶȴﵽʮ
࣬Ϊβ̤ˮԭ֮һ
һ̣ҶѸ㣬Ҳ޷ĹβͻУһԶһΣҶͷһƬ𣬻Ϊָ״źһƽһȥú³
䣡
ʯ֮⣬ͷ챻Ҷһɱ
ͻȻʯڲʼըգ̮ʮͷ̬ͷ£һֻϺƵϺ£һͷͷ˫ĿѪ죬һƵģڨڨײеضҶȵˡ
ģֵ֣ܶ
һֻϺȻҶȡˡū̺ĺϢƭΪǰĶͬ࣬ɺûδڡ
ūҶȣϾ£͸ŸȻаϢϺϢȥҶȡ˻Ҫ
һХǵĵ̣Ҫˣ
ߣǾͿû£ֵܣֵһʱĴڣɱ
Ϻ

ʮͷһӴһСɽͻȻɳϿڵĺˮðݣЩݣﵽһɴС
䣡
ʮˣɱȥһ˿ʼ޻˫ۣһǺޣ޻
ͷ̫ˣѾγɵΧ󷨣Ȼײ飬ճ顢뷽ʥһͷ֡
ūҲסԱһͷ
һͷﵽλʵλʵѾԽҶ̫࣬ڵʵλϲʵҲֻﵽλ߲¡
ǰλ
Ǻεȵĸ
ҶˣˡūҶȲΪʵǿʮǿս
ʱϿΧݣһƬˮ𶯣ȵľӴˮļԦͷž˵ˮϵͨ
ˮϵ֮ͨУˮĺռ䣬ˮˮǿģˮռ䡣
ˮռʿֻǻδﵽָ߶ȡ
ˮ磬ҲǿޱȣȫҶһʵ
սȫԽ෶ΧֱȻ֮Ĳġ
ūɱʩչǳǹԹõūС֣ҲնԷһδε֮У߶ǿ
˿̣ΨҶȵս༶ġ
޷Ʊˮ磡
֣Ҷȫ·磬޽޷ƺƤ֮ϣҲ޷κ˺ۡ
Ϻ߶ˮϵͨΧˮΪһ㾲ֹĽ״̬
ˮǾֹģûûжҶȽУҲһ־ֹ״̬Ҷȵľֹ֮ͬ
֮
ԵģΰվţҶݺֻϣĺ׿ʼ䣬ǿƣͬһźٿأƿˮҶȥ
ʥǹ
Ҷ̻ԼóʥǹʥǹΧˮͨԪɡ

ʮƬףɣҶΧʼΧ
óϺʮְԵ̣ķҲĹʱ̳ʥǹ
һǹӰںˮ֮Уݵش̳
ʥǹԣҲﵽ˼زײ˿ûۼ

Ҳ벻ҶѲĽƣԹȻ·磬ִ߶Ӿ˵ͨ
ΧˮͻȻڣһϺϵķǯӡ
ʮɾ޴󣬻һǯҶȥ
䣡
ҶӳʥǹһΣʩչǯӣٶ׼ȷסʥǹһУʥǹȻϳء
һֻǯӣѾסҶˡ
䣡
£˾Ķǵʱ̣ӹؼãúˮĹھ֮ϣ͸סˣɾǶҶȴĳײ
Ҷ֮޷ǯӹΪⲻ½أˮ磬Ҫܵѹȣˮ򣬸ͣ
ɫ򣡣
ΧǺֹˮ磬ҶҪնɱҪռ䣬ССռ䣬ȫǺ֡
ಣ
ɫʼҶΧҶȣΪģζٶԽԽ죬ΧˮȻҲŴʼתΪֲ̺ͨĴڣΧˮΪһ
ɶʲô𣡣
Ϻ𾪣ҶȾȻܷ˾˵Ĺˮܿƣ׻û̬߶Χֹ磬ʩչ֮ǰǿƿ
Χֹ磬ȻԼҶڵĴСͼԣҪڲռ䣬Ϊֹ״̬ѹҶȵͨͬʱնɱҶȡ
ҶҲΧˮʼϾֹ
ӹɣֻҵʵܷô򣬿λĽƿأ
ʱҶȶԣҲҪܺ棬ҪȷͨǿߵĲࡣ
ֹ磬ٿΧһһ֪һԶ״̬£ȻҪϲǲʵϲ񼴱ӵͨҲֻǸСһľĳ˶֡


1900 ޴
ˮȻڲϾֹ죬ܵγɵĶƣԺƵľֹ磬ٶȸӾˡ
ҶҲͷۺԪϿƴ򣬲δʩչȾ˵ֶΣҪʵԿλ
ǳɳͨս
սõзʽͨսս飬ãԪ񡢾綼Īô
Ҫģǵģ
еĸĲ̣ʿעһƽӹΨеļ̣ſߵĸԶˡ
Ҫļ̣ǾޣҲ򣬶ս֮УΣʱһδεģԼƽӭʤ
ҵĿ϶ĵġ
ܲı䣬Σգҡջ󣬲ġ
ͻͻͻ
һ֮
ֹ磬Χ
Ҳʱ䣬øӾ޴ֱʮңҶвϴ߶Ԫƴ
ֹʼĦײһʱҶȴȣҲ쳣˵ģϾֻϲ߶ȣֹǴﵽ
Һþ²ϻ⣬ǣô֮еҶȣƲϼء
Ǳĵ̣
ϺΪľֹ磬ѹƴ򣬵ˣȻڿתв֪жٺˮ޷ֱٶȣΧҶתγɴ
ĵΣ²֮󣬾Ҫգ
Ҷڴ֮УЦš
֮󣬺ףϴ߶ѹƾֹ磬쾲ֹٶȣǴǰѾֹˮγת״̬һһһʱ޷ֳ
һ֣Ȼʱ䣡
ʯΧսҲڼֻǺһ룬ʣһ룬ڱΧڷ顢ʥѳɹնɱһλ϶Ըʣµĸ߲
顢ʥ˻˺ۣսûн迿ɹնɱ
ƺǲʹ࣬ս
һĵūһλսҲӽβūѪģҲ˺ۣ£С֣Ѿ޷ʩչūϵش߶׳Լ
ƾʵҶˡū࣬Ҷֻһ࣬ʵǴһơ
ǰòŽλһսҶȵԪȻľˣΪȴȹ̡
ɶ񣬱֮
ϺƺҲǿһնɱ޷նɱһСĵˣִ߶ΧˮΪǯֱӹ
Ǵ̲ƾιֻܵӰ죬û顣
ּٴ߶ֹ磬ֽϣﵽλʿĸ߶ȡ
£ҶٵѹȣѾ˼֮࣡
λϲΧѹȣﵽλγס

֮
ʼСԽˣȻҶʵ޷Խλ
ңĲ࣬ҲǺܴģǴ˾׵ֶͨΣ޷ôá
ͷŸͨ
ʧ߶˵ͨ޷ƽ֡
ڰ׾
Ե󣬺ڰҶȴ߶Ԫ˫Ŀһһ֮ͫб
̣
Ȼף׵ռ壬ˮӿ£ʱȥΧˮ·ȼյ״̬
ͣ
Ϻ⣬״ľֹ磬֪֮׶ô¡
о£Ҫʧȥ֪
ǵĿ£ͬȴڵģֻһ֣ο
ʲôҺ
ΪϺҲвʶѸܵڰ׾̺Ϣӡ
ͬʱ߶Ҫ𿪡
õȻģοնɱ㣬նɱңǾ仰Ķҵģ
Ҷȼ߶Ԫʩչڰ׾
Ҷ벻ǣһλȻֹ磬Լ֮ǰŲףͷͷˮ
Ҫӣ
Ǵ򲻹ҶȣǼǿߣ챻ɱҶѲѡܡ
ӣ
Ҷȴһ߶֮ˮ֮£ٶȾȻһֲٶȡ
ʥ֮£ٶҲﲻҶָ߶ȣʥٶȣˮ磬ͽλࡣ
ϺĻͣҶ֮죬ͻȻת֮ǰʯڵϿȡ
ҶҲ׷ȥ
ϺһƬʯϣնΪƽأǸްȻϿ·ȥ
Ͽȱɲ⣬ֲϷԨҪˮѹҶȵٶȡ
Ȼ
ҶҲϿȻܵһϵѹԽԽˣòٶȣ
ԼʱҶȾѼټֻܴ߶龻֣Ԩ֮УӦϢ
ովƬԨȫͷϢˮ֮У٣ȻźϢ
ˡ
ӦˣҶ¶ЦκӣʼϢٶȣΪ·Զ
ϿȲףҲʮֿ֪ʲôγɣʮֱͦ򲻶졣
һ֮ҶźϢһƬ֪꣬޴ʯʯ㡣
Щʯĺܾ޴һ鶼ﵽһСɽѻһγһϿɽ
ʯɽ֮УĶѨһϴĶѨҶѸӦ͸ź΢Ϣ
üӿٶȣϢԽ΢
߶ʮһһΣҶȲսҪնɱһӳȥ϶ɱ鷳
붴Ѩ̫ˣһѨȥ
Ѩ򣬵͹ʯ飬ѨϣҶȷֺˮѨ㼯ƺѨʲô
龻֣
Ϣʧˣ
Ҷֻٴ߶龻֣ͨһӦҶȺȻüͷһ壺ϢʧˣΪһɺȻ
ѨĪʲô
ûиӦȴӦһ
ҶȼѨȥһᣬƺʯɽĵײ֪γɶ꣬ʯںһ
ʯҶȼһ͹ɽˣɽ״ȻһԵ
ͬʱɽ֮£ǹʼǿҲҶȳ˾ϲЦݣԭɺȻǴ
ٴɽȻɽǼ򵥵ɽ֮£һ
ֻǲ֪ǻŵѾʬǡ
Χ濴ȻǺ߸пܡ
ɽ֮ϣϸϸӦʯʮλãڣǱʯˡ
䣡
һץһ⣬ʯϷգ۾ʮʯ㣬Ϊ˳һ֡
֮ʯʧһҶ𺳵ѩ׾Өǣʯ֮У·ԶǶ档
ǾܶʯںϣƺҲγʯʣΧʯҲ̺һ
ԼǧףǼʮԼצԼǣҶȿͷʱ
ȴûͷ
һͷĹͷ棬ʮƽûѺۼ
Ҳ˵
ǿߣȻҲУǱնɱնף׹֮£׹ʱ֮𶯣ض֮γϿȡ
գײʯʬڴˣ


1901 
ˣնɱͷ­
֮ˣǶôǿĴڡ
ҶȾηǣȻ֮봫֮еĺûо̫ңԶ֪ͷƣûʲôϵ
֮Χˮ򣬶һʿ˵һƬ޾ˮ򣬵ǿ˵ҲֻһƬˮ
ǰƬˮ㣬âӵƬˮ
Ҷȣͷϵ
ϾҲƵĳ֣Ȼ弫ܣǳˮȴҲżȻԡ
ǣ̺ҲҶȼģ޷֮ȣֻһƵıǡ
ĪϵˣǾԶﰲ߰ɣҲţҲû˿Դ㣡
ǵ
ʣҶȴ˵ԸϢĹأѨڷȥ
ϧϢҲ޷ҵƬʯܴ󣬼ϸţҶ޷ҵ׼ȷλá
ʯϷʱ߶Ϊһƣһֻƣ·ʯɽһƽһѹȥ
ʯɽʼʮƹ֮󣬵һа·Ȼɽȴһʵʵû˿Ѩɽ
ﳹ׳Ϊ·֮ء
Ҳ·ĳһοҲ
ϵϿȣսδͷڱ˲Χɱ޻˫ۣûãһͷͱɱ
Ͽȣǽ壬űˣֻʣһ߾ߺʬ壬֫塣
ھ뵶ūһƣȻҶҲòȥһսˮ磬һս
߶򣬰кʬ塢֮֫УȻžˡū뿪Ͽȡ
࣡
ʱ֮
Ͽ·ͻȻðһݡ
ȻһѪϺȻϿȣ˫Ѫ죬ޱ޵ؿԶ˴һҪ
߶һ⣬һᣬΧһֻСϺƴСһСϺ֮УСϺҶȵȥķ򣬻һ׷ȥ
⼸ˣҵֵܣҪǣﲻ֪ðͳͳһ
ϺתһϿȷȥ
Ҷȵ˻صúΧĴܷȻǱš
뵶ū˲ᣬҶϴ߶¯ȼգʮͷ֮㹻˻ָ
Ҷó񵤣ҶǴﵽλϲȼ񵤣ÿ˶¼ţʼڶɶΧ磬նˮԼ΢ʼָ
һսǰʱ䡭
عҶܽսˡūԿһһɹԵġΪĪ
һԪָȫõ˱仯
ͬʱҲʯͨ幵ͨ
˲Ϣ͵֪⼸ںʯͨһֱ֮У˺ôȻҲҪҶһЩ㡣
ʱ䣬ٶȷŻ࡭
ȥҶȰкʬ壬Ϊһſӣָ뵶ūҲõӦһ֡
ڶ֮УʼٻָƣΪսֻԾ磬ԵģԪ񣬶ܴ
ȱٵģֻҪкʬ壬Ҷȡˡūġ
һʿǻԽ࣬ʵԽǿ巽棬ԪΪĶﵽͬĸ߶ȣŽʵ
֪ȥ
ҶƵѽӽʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʣʮָ꣬УɸҶѾﵽλ߶ȣѿʼ۷
뵶ūҲҶȵΪ£ʵҲڲľ֮䡣
ȻͣУΪͨԻʸ£һʯƺִʲôϢ׼ȥ
ϢҶ̶뿪ˮ磬֮󣬻صʯ
ͨںϣ
ʯϷȻʯʮˣһڰͽ
ҶҲ߹ȥһһΨΨŵŵӡ
ͽһᣬ˵һϢڳ˶𾪡
Ҷȡ
ΪƵӭһսߣ
ʮ֮սƽܡ
սɹôƵһйضᷢ仯Ǵʸˣ֮ͨͨУóƽܲʧܡ
ں֮ģÿսߵһ䶯һսƽܣȻһ
ҶҲڴϴս޳ɡޱ磬սƽʧܣƽɱʮȥ˭Ҳ벻ڶսߣôðȻƽս顣
սɹƵȻҪıأأעġ
νһһĸ裬һɽһɽĹء
ؾʹ˵棡
ֵһЩĻȻͼһƬƬ
Ҷʯݵȴ˼죬Ҷ
Χ಻׵ĵطҶٶȣȷ࣬ɵãҶ̾ҶȣٶЩѽҪҲ㣬ʸҲ㿴㣬ȥ޷潻
ң˵֮󣬱Ҷʮõʯ䣬Ҷȡ
Ҷȣ֪лͼĻ´䣬һε飬͸Է
ֻѪ棬ȫһ֮ѣһһһοֻѪ棬եȡЩͼ棬ֹͣ
ΨУĳһ죬ҶȣǺʯĳվսǸӸ߸ϵĻʸˡ
õôһڿֵǰֵܺ󣬽߲һμ棬һ̰
ͨ壬ôʯȡͨУ̫ˣʯҶ˵ʹ
Ҫ֪⣬ϣսݣñի̻£Ѿ̻֮Уһƥ·ͷͣȻҶȴ˵ĲƸ
ΪĻϰ֮һ˻Ҳþ˵ĲƸ
صˮ綴֮УҶȼˣ뵶ūѻָƣһʵ뾳磬
ҶȣһָҲڴﵽ۷״̬Ҳͻλ۷塣
˸ոմ֮УôϢʱߵҶͻȻ֮л
һͷϢһֱǱڶһ̫ѰĪϺû
ž֮ģ뿪߶֮ɷתˮѹ𽥿ҷ
һ֮⣬ƬɽƵĽʯ֮С
һ˫Ѫ˫ۣǰһһ
ߣһͷ߽λ߲Ȼſӵҵͷϣ
Ѫ˫Ϸˮ֮УҶȻӰûκˮ𶯣콵ɽ֮ϣ󷽣պһѷ죬·ǺǴѷ룬ȻǱɽ֮С
󷽣ͨѷ쿴ȥȻһͷɫһһЩëĺֻд࣬棬ϢһֱŶδһ¡
۲һᣬҶ֣Ѻ䣬֮ʱȻóһķͷһ֮С
һҲһ⡣
ԣĻ֮ϵһһ߶Է
ҶͻȻӺˮֳһͷһֻСϺΪҲڸ߲
ɽڵĺ뿪Ϻڱ󰵴
ֵܣȥϢϺ䣬ͻߣϺɽ֮С
Ҷϸ֮ǰͷ


1902 Ľλϲ
ʮˮ֮
ںΣ𽥴֮ʣͻȻһӡϿˮֱѹΪһˮС
Ӧͱˮ룡

Ҷֳ۷򶴸ȥ
صϽ䡣
Կռ䣬ֻͷĺһԷӡڼҶ˫һ裬Ծƿѹú޷֡

һҶȣޣԼ磬ūѹȣҶ𣬲мɫ
ȴҶһţͷӴȻ£ҶʮţͰѺԴ
ϻһɲˣҶȾӸ£ʣǴʱ֣
˵ʲôʱһװͿģ
һãҶһȭߣȭȭ⣬ܿмܲסû˱̬ȭŹ򷢻ӵ˳̶ȡ
ԴһսҶȴ޷պѿӽλϲ۷壬ܾһ£Ҫ׼ɽ١
һպûطʹͷֿԡ
ҡϴ׼󶴸֣ȴʱ̣ǳ֣׷ˣſڵĻش
ж
ʮˣ
ߣεΪ
һλһոͻĽλ񣡡
ܺãܺãʵҾ͸һ·
õ鱨֮ҶȰһЦȻǲŹͷҪȥͨ籨ţΪȡһʱ䣬ﵽĽλϲ񣬶ԸȺס
һԪӡֲԺ߶һΣŵңٷ뿪䣬ʱȥϳ
ҶȰ鱨߾뵶ūһɱڣҶǽ䣬ڶ̶ʱ䣬ȡ棬һ߶ȡ
Լսʻʵʣλ۷塣
ַ²ٵӡ֮ߣһ֮һԪѴﵽ۷塣
Ϣ֮ҶϢ뿪ˮ棬ʯͨںϡ
ֻϰ깦ͨ壬ں໥ﵽƽ״̬֮ʣҶȱ㿪ʼʯݣĽλϲ
ʯûɫҶҲüɵ˷֣ϺʯƵ޹ؽҪֵǿ߹ע
һ֮Ҷȿʼ߶Ԫ֮С
𽥣һԪӿ𵤣ԴԱߣγһž˵Ԫֱ꣬ȫ£ԪΪһƬԪ
ſʼӡͷŷ߽ϣԪ󣬷ǰδеķȼգԪС
ΪһɴС״̬ʱҶȴһ˫һϡ
ˣ
ӡʼûԪ󣬶һɴСԪζգۣͳΪһߴԴ
ĿԴɹᣬҶ̤Ľλϲ
Ҳſʼ飬һ飬һλλҪһЩЩ˱ը
ַ¼񵤣߶ѪһٵѪɫҶҶ񵤡Ѫͬʱٶȣʼ˵
ʻʵ۲һʥȻһλһʮ־ˣڻʣ´ʮ֮һ֮ĽλͿԵọ̃
ڼҶȴӲ¯մԼΧˮȻսʻʵʣ
Ϊһʵۣʻʵ۵ջǳȫҶȡ
ϧʻʵȻﵽʥ񣬿ԶҲ޷ʥصĵһȻʱ׸Ӧ飬ʥأ¸󹦣Ҷᱻʥţ
ۿŽʻʵʬ壬𽥵ĿݣҶֱ̾Ϣʵ۸˵ֻûսʻʵڵ֮УʥصӰһԻʥصľ
ʥԣ岻󣬵ʮڿ˼õҶǴʱõҲоʥصľѧ
ȥڽνĽλҶϽʱ䣬ڻҪץʱ䣬һͨ
ʱһͨ壬ʯݣԼպҲУѸĽλٶȲھеҶȡ
̫ҵҶȽһ˼սʻʵԼʼȫ磬Ľλͨ
֪̫ҵ֮Уȥһ꣡
һдﵽĽλ߶֮뿪䣬ֻǹȥܶʱ䣬Ȼͬʱھʵͨ壬ʯݵͨں֮뿪ʯ
ˮ
֮УҶȻع飬ȻѾ뵶ūͳͳʵҲҶȣз츲صı仯
ҶȾͿʼƶԸƻͬʱҲûƵĴ£ɺֿԻʵֲսʢš
գҶȾ󷨣ҪһģʢǰĴҪɺУһ׽ҲҪںϾˡūʵĽλϲҲֻλ߲µʵ
һˣ޷Ըôǿĺ
ȷ֮ҶȰѾ뵶ū䣬¶ʮϢѾ뿪ʮһˮɺؾ֮ء
Ҫ̺
ֻͬ߶ҲͲͬ
ˣ
һ⣬·ɽΪһԲΣǶȥ
ӡ£ɣþ뵶ū֮У䣬ͨ壬һͬƣɽ磬ΰҶȣƽѹصĽ׿ܡ
֮Ҷͨ壬Ƴʮ׿ܣ䣬ѽ׿֮С
󷨻δɡ
־δں֮УһҪͨ
ӡҶȴɢ֮У¡
ֻҶ˫һϣ֮УĴ˫㣬һγɾ޴Ĵ˫㣬֮УζƺѰĿꡣ
󷨡ɷ򡭡
Ҷںͨ
ɷں֮󣬿ڣбתΪҶҪͨǳԽͨĴڣʵȻͨȻ
ʮ׿ܣﵽͽλֻ߲ԻҪҪˡūԼޣҪҶãһɱһ
ҶȶԼõʮ㡣
ζ֣ʵҪԽһǼʮ
˾޴Ĳֶֻ࣬ͨΡԼְ취һͶӦ԰취ͶǽаյĻ֮ϡ
ˡūô׿ܣ֮УסԸкһЩȻɱ󣬵ʱ޾˹ؼãҶ󣬲μս
Ϊ˽ͨ壬ʱʱ̣̿߶ˮһ޳һ
βһҲս
ʱҲ࣬ңҪصƵ֤ƽܵսǿɱ棬ԴһջҲȫ棬ϤƽܵأʲôʲôĲֶΡ
֪֪ˣս
ҶһЦɣָһɽУֻҪ˵أ߶ͻѺס
Ȼ֮ǰƷйͨ
һҶȵԷŵɫ뿪ϳҶȶڣһֱǱڶ֮Ϻһ󣬶ΧжʮӰ붴֮С


1903 ɱ
һȻҶȣʩչ۷
Ϻ㱨ʱ죬Ҷȵȫع鶴ҲûԸϻغϳ
ȻҪΪ·ҪѺҶȵڵ·֮С
Ҷȱ֮⣬ˡūʮ׿ܣʧ׼һɱսʼ
£
ʮϢŭˮɽ
ʱ䣬ɺҲ׼
ͨӦҶȾ˵ķ֣֮Уһ
֮ǰߵλȻУǿģһͷĽλʣĴͷλͷһͷһλλ
ʵ̫ǿˣŽʮ֣ڣҪҶȵˣһѶˡ
Һ⼸׼һʵҲһȻȻˣΣǿռʱ˺ͣ
źϿڵѪʼڣ޷ֹսȼţ߶Ԫɱ⣬Ұ
ʱڻڰĺˮ֮г֣һͷͷӴĺ飬Ȼһָо·һŵľɽˮƶ
飡
ͨ˵ӣںĿ־壬ʧȥ־û־ûս
ˣ
ˣ
ҶȼźֱȻ˫Ŀ⣬˫һϣ˵һ⣬Ӻ˷γɣһ°֮С
ã
֮ڣ
ֱһأһˮһҫ½صգΧŵöʱŵźһԸоõǿ
Ҷķ𣺡ߣҾ֪취ң׼ڴһѴͣ
ݣ
䣡
޽ԼΪĻ˫㣬ȡ˿ƽʥ
˫㣬γһ޴Ĵռ䣬ʮͷΧУת
Ҫң󣡣
ΪߵĽλмʶһָкſڣһɹˮ
ȻȻ˴Լ󣬰Ѵһӣ̳ӡ
ಣ
һ
뵶ūʮ׿ܣ͵شӿӣɱϴֱڴռɱ
һྪ˵ɱʼˡ
˫㣡
ҶȱҲϿա
ĿģҪעʩչססЩ֣Ҳд߶ɷϢպ
ˣְ͸ūˣʹһսһһԽսԽ£ˣҲ޹˼ɣɱ
꣡
ĽλλԼ׿ܹ̫ǿ󣬼Уͻ׿ܣҲˣȻԵ
ԵʱͻȻϷһȦĴ˫㣬Ϊ״̬ѹĴ
Сӣʵǿֶξˣ
ϺһӣϿյҶȣģ޲ðҶһڳԵˣǲƵġ
һλŭƿߣҪȥһֱᱻְնɱҲͲƣ
ãǿĺһ̼ףһ˫ŵһС

ĴֳϷ
ѹ˫㣬Ĵ֣Ӷ˫㡣
ʵ̫ˣӶѴ󲿷˫ɢ
ѭϢϷҶȣûʱźɢ˫㣬Ҳ˺󼸲ʱ
ûа취ΪʵѾԽ߶ȣǰҶȶû
޽
ܵҶҲˣָһһƬ޽γɵĴУĴѹȥ

һΣĴҲӦԣΪ޽˫ʮ̫࣬Ҳ޷һӴݻ٣Ҵ֮£Ҳ̺ˣǶɵ
ף޶ȣ޽ͲһԪֱӻûɣ޾ҪסĴ⣡
ĴȻҪ㣬ȰҶȣ֮նɱȻ˲뿪
һӦ԰취ǣ뷨ȴҶȵơ
󣬾ǹǸӦ̺ɷǴʱԽãĵԽˡ
ڲս֮У޷侲ȫֲ鿴󵽵̺Щ޷ӦʧΪҶսԶĵġ
ҶҲǲģҪĴֻôһ취ĺſԶԸⳡΣ
ޣͨ壬ҪԼɱⳡΣ֣
ɽ
Ĵ̺޽Ĵ赲ĴҲ޷򹥻
Ҷȣ硢ɽУۡľͨκͨ
ĴҶȵԴԴ޷ƣȴеƣһֱȥʼղǰ취
һʱ䣬Ҫƽ֡
ٴη
ҶȼɵΪսڲʱ͹ڲռĺˮȫ
ܵкս޷ˮﵽ۷塣
һɹɾ˵ĺˮˣĴ
ľİ֮Ĺɺˮ㼯ֱӳҶƿأϷѹĴ޽
¡¡¡
ˮͳ޽飬ǱˮϡﻩɢõǣҶϢҲϼһδ𶯡
ۣ
ڣһʱ֮
Ҷһ֮󷨰޷һ֮ĴƵ޽տʼ߽⡣
ৣ
ĴһĻ᲻ץסᣬҶһ
ʱҶȣӳΧҲʼʱҶѾΧ
ಣ
ҺãҶȻ֮ߣһԼ֮УĴΧɱʱʧӰ١
䣡
ҶȲˣĴֱӹֻһιȻֱʧ֮һ
мιҪʧкصˮ磬ͷŸӿ
ڰ׾
գ۾ǵڶιһιڲֻʣ֮һ
ڴ˿ֻ̣֮ʣһ㣬Ҷȫ߶£ΪĺڰףΧ
޼ս
˻ƣ
úӳȥ
ҶȻʧԵȫ˳ȫ״̬ǿ۷塣
ǰ˻ơ޼ս߶Ӱٺ֮С
ͣ
Ĵڷ֮ʣһ޼սһͷԴֱ˻С
໣
һλĺͬʱԵͨУǺҲʹù˲ϹǱŭС
Ҷǿ״̬ȻʩչͨҲ޷ʵնɱͷλ
ԡ


1904 ں

޼սϰ˻ƣλֻɶԷˣδҶȷӦǿĽλֱһۼס
ٶ̫죬ѸͻҶȺ󱳡
»󲿷ˣҶȻǱǰ㣬һһѪλûɱ
ϴ߶֮ߣʧС
ʥǹ
˿գĴ־һѰҶټ
Ȼʥǹ˷ͻأشĴ
߱ӵںϿռ䣬ÿռͨҶȵĹԵϢȿĴǲŷֹ
ǱĽλ٣ʥǹУ˺ۡ
ಣ
ʥǹĴ
ҶᷨӡΧͳͳʧ뵶ūϽ׿ܣˮ磬໥ɱ
δȫʧȲ֮£ҶһҪԸĴʣȫĴ
˫һץԵڰľ硣
֮
̣
Ҷڷڣ֮УһڽɫԼʮɾ޴֮Ϣڡ
ˮ磬½أʿ޷ӦϢÿˮ磬ʩչ
ʱҶҲһͷŵϢף趯ֳ֮·ٲȻǺڰ١
ʲôϢ
ĴڴݻٲϳֵĹʥǹʥǹֻǼ̣ǰη壬һδλ顣
֪ͻȻܵһɭϢ̧ͷһֻҶһΰؽ٣ǣ񣬾ҪǵС
֮
Ѹͼ䣬Ҷչһž޹ը߶˫˫٣߶֮·磬ȥ
䣡
֮ޱȰԵػ֮ϡ
ԵΪȻ䣬׵ڲ֮Ĵ
̣
ĴͬľͷƵģ˫Ŀɴ󣬲ŵؿҶȣȫ֮·Ҫ˺顣
ǿĴڣҶֻһĽλϲ񣬶һ磬һ֮ǡ
ĽλŤŭҶȣ⵽ʲôѹȣǵ
Ҵͷ
ҶĻǣסڸ֣ڿʱ̣һι趯֮ȥ
Ȼǵġ崸
ĴѾ˺ۣϾڣǺʵԽҶȣֻܵشӵ
߶ڵ
գҶȵʵչֵľͨĴѾҶȵսǿжԿȻ߶ڵ
ڵĽһģһ
ಣ
ͬʱһգ֮УĹѪ죬ŷһգ
¡
ֻһһͰϷ¶һͬʱϷҶȣҲһѪ
ಣ
ĴʱɳȥֻҪصˮ磬ǵƺָܿӻﵽ֮ǰĸ߶ȡ
֮
һĨ֮ͻΪĵ׹⣬Ҷ̽ӡٶ֮죬ﵽŵĵز
ĴҪ֮ʣһ޴ĺڰֱӺѹ֮ϡ
䣡
ڰײľĴ÷飬׷ˣȻ̧ͷһ̨ͬĺڰѹϷҶվ룬ͷ׹ĿףϷһ£ҼϷһա
ѵǡ
֮УΪߵĽλǿߣڰգͫʼŴ¶ޱ𺳡
ںڰ֮£޷ƣڲʲô⣿ôо־Ԫ񣬶Ҫ£
Ľλ̾ǡܣԭǵ˵еĵԶŴս磬ͼ磬ӲӴ
ͷȻ֪Ե߶ԺڰһͨڰҶѾóǿս
֮еߣ磬ЩϵĴ˵һĽ磬Ų㾹ȻӵԵ˵֮Уͷ㲻ˣԵĵʿ
㻹˵ˣɣǴ߶ǵڵҶȣҪĽλϲսĽλҪǻ磬಻ūҲҪǳµζ
ֵܣû뵽Եǵóƴˣ첻ǵ£
ĽλǰһȻһɨԱ
£Ĵ˫̯ſ죬һɹ̺ϢľΪһĹҶȱȥ
ͻͻͻ
δӴѾܲסĴռʼԶ飬Ѻۡ
ΰĵ񣬲£ߣ⵽ͽ䣡
ʱ˿̣Ҷȳʩչĺڰ񴫳
һ㣬ǿ£һ׹⡣
һ㣬ҷǿգҲһ׹⡣
Ϣ£Ҷȷ·ǺڰĻƳͽĴȥ
һϺڰȫѹ
ʱҶȫԺڰ̺ĵ߶ȣҲֻǴﵽϲֻǸպõƵԭ

ײһûмҵıը໥ʼҪѶԷѹȥ
ҶһԪϵʧ֮ǰܵˣڼһƣ״̬
ȴָо˿սսޣ߷Ǳ״ֻ̬һ죬ͬ硢ɽݺ硣
໣
˫ڶԿۺһ棬ͻЦ
ͷʹǼ˿ԣûʶΪԭʼҰ״̬ͷ
ǴʱҲǿ״̬
ɷ򣡡
Ҷȿɲɵӣһ濹ĴѾԲʹͨսʤΪоڰҪܲסĴ
벻ڶս״̬˾նԷ
ǲĲ˼顣
ںϺڰ֮УɷֱĴĹһҶȶԿʵһ֣Ѿڲϱߡ
Ҫͷ
ɷĿֲܼʶҶԽ벻״̬ʵϣú߶һѺɹ
𽥣ĴҲʼСڷķ治Ծ˵ǵҲֻﵽһλ£֮ǰһ죬һأ
ҲڴʱҶȾȻ߶ĴչԺ߶ڰ
ˣ
ڰ˶ҶȻһץһγ֮֮ƣȻﵽ߶ȣλ¡
⡭
ĴĿɿڴǲףΪԽսԽҶȷԽսԽ£ڻͷ
֮ǰΪβʹã
һƺѾﵽ߶ȵĺڰԼ֮ͷŵĳͽ־ʧȥ˸֪
СԺֻҶǿ಻Ĳˣΰʥ
һҪⳡս
Ҷһһ߳ÿһ·̤ڶҡһ¡¡ͣĴҲûعͷźϻҪҶ⾪˵Ĺ


1905 ƽܵʵ
֮
ѺڰԼĴ֮УҶеͳͳ㼯е֮ϡ
ɽӵƣ趯֮Ѹͺȥ
ʱҶȣ˫ĿɴֻģͨԼŬﵽ׷ĸ߶ȡ
䣡
һػ֮ϣҶȫʧΧڰҲΪƣ֮֮С
Դݿ֮ƣʼ飬ڲĴ
˫ֱƤëۼ׻ſֻŴͣɫһľͷ״̬
۵ĵǶ䡢ͫ͡ߡ˸ͬ棬иǵ
ಣ
ʧΧеƣˣ˵ˮѹҶӿɵãһѪ
磬˵أѵһս
Ѵﵽɽˮĵز
ʱƣ˵Ҷȣȴо磬δйɣ·ÿһëԶˮ֮
һץľߺʬ壬ͳͳġ
תһˮ򣬾뵶ū׿ܣȻʮսɱ֮Уһսþ뵶ūʵһȻҲһˣһսҪɵĶࡣ
ˮɽϿգޡͨϣͨϷʼԱߣɺȡȰԪָ˵
ʤżȻ
þ޷侲ղһĶǵĶսҶȸӳ죬սһ֮ǰһ֮޷Ĵѹġ
УҶִ߶ַͨԼ޼˻ף֮ͨǰĴԼӮʤ
Ǿ˵ģԪֻʣ°ٷ֮һҲﵽ˵زΨԪɼ̲
ɺϷ񵤡ӡ֮ԼˮҶԾ˵ٶȻָš
Լ֮
·սӽβֻʣ¼ͷѪģĺ˲ʩչͨɱú޻֮ʮ׿ܣҲֻʣ𣬶һģ׿ͳͳ
Ǿ˵ģ
Ҷþ뵶ūս֮󣬻صָƣھΪһſӣÿˡ
ְʬ壬ͳͳ䣬Ȼޣ𽥷ˮ档
ʱ֮Ƶ֮ĺ뿪ˮɲǼ䣬ٴμգ޾ȻҶȸо졢ޱȣˮ磬˵ѹݡ
һ֮ҶһƣѻָһңҪȥƵۿƽܵս
֮ٻָơ
һ֮䣬ʯͨںϡ
׼һͷ뵺죬ʯȥˡ
뵺죬ͶҶչˣǰϿգǽʥս֮ء
ʱǧֻкһ֣Ƶĸ֣Ժֻ֮ߣⳡս
֮
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬󲿷˶߿գһ¼ŵӰһ
ۣһһɳ񵶣ʮӣ˸ְ
ҶһɨˣһʵǿƺҲλʥ񣬵ʵӦóԽλʵսƽܣ˵
ʥǸ߼
һλʥ񣬶һ
λʥ񣬾ʥ֮еǿߣﵽ˾磬ʮֲףˣҪľԪһԪ֮ӵΪ
Ѧƣ
һ·󣬶Ҵһһж
һȴ뵺ͬһףѪӿ
ƽܣ
ʣХ֮ˣȻƵߣƽܡ
ϷӡѦơһ䣬Ӻ޶ɫӦ¾Ѧƣƽܣɣ
·䳰벻мٴαΪ˶żѰأ

Ŵ뵺ϷһӰߴ׳˶һͷ΢˱ը
ƣһЩ׹⣬·˻޾ϵ
ӵ֮һߣƽܣ
˶Ѧơƽ𺳣ǧˣ߿ա
ҶȰиӦƽϢһ֮ƽƸӰԵϢ綼ϵϢ˲ϵȻǵõĳϵܰϵﵽ˵ĸ߶ȣ
֣Ưھ·Ƶ׸߿գ˸߶ȣ·󣬿
ҶҲӦƵΧвٵʥϢڴԶӼս
ƽѦƣǿߣδ˵һ֣ſһʹ֮ͻȻڵĸ߿գһȦˡ
֣߶ƣײγɵˡ
Ҳּ֡
ಣ
ಣ
֣ͬʱԭʧ¾˵ơ

˻ѰӰʱѾ׸߿룬ȭͷײһ𣬸߿𶯣Ѧͷž˵ĵƽͷųԵıϢ

˲Ͻ֣ٶԵģڵĿռ䣬ȴε𶯣ף·졣
ߣӦòǴɽġ
ҶΪϤΪʱ˼λ硣
ն죡
̣
֪ʲôʱӰ·ٵأΪӰա
ͬʱһֱһ˵ıף뵶ʼ˺ѣײҵ뱼ףԽԽˣ֮󣬺ţ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
þ˵һѵ
֮
֮УȻһѰɳ񵶣һ׹֮Уǰ׹׹Ҳͬͨ񵶣򵶱ϯȥ
žžž
ʱΪʥ߶Ƶˮ棬͵ĲΣʼĴһ졣
֮ϣһƣγŤڸ߿ն·죬ʥ籣ţЩƣ·󲿷󣬶ˡ
ƿն
ĺȻ
һƴ׹ڵĸ߿һȣ̺һֻ־
־뵶ͨ׹ռ䡣
ǣ׹ռ俴Ƽ٣ͻȻһƣץץסȻһֻ֣ʱ߿գָ޴ޱȡ
̣
ָ֮䣬˾˵׹⣬Ȼŵգһ¡ըץ˵߿ա
һһ׹ָκһԻһƵ
̫ǿˣλʥʵʵھˡ
ҶȻӴǿʥ񣬵м߽λʥ񣬽ɱĳ档
ʥصФĪȳϣĸʥ֣Ϊ½ӽһУͿɱƽѦơ
ǲ׳֣ҶҲ޷߽λʥǿ
ۣ
þ֮󣬸߿Ȼݺ
ǵ֮УһѪţʼʧ
׹ռһҲʧƣƽһ߳ĳۣ˼ӣľһžڱߡ
˫Ŀ͸ɭѹռ䡣
ѦҲ˳ڰգһ񵶣ھԶĿУƺץס񵶵Ҳûˡ
ƽܣû뵽ʵﵽ˸߶ȣҵȫֻƳ֮ʵȫﵽεȸ߶ȣ
ѦŲƺԤ֪ʲôһ԰ףҵ̧ͷһƽܣ¶˲ʡ


1906 ͷ
Ҫ֪ҵʵҲܼ򵥣ʵֻҪҾУһȻҪȫ㽻֣
ƽ԰Цһǳ׵ľ׹ƽָȻһϢҲʼʧ
ҪɱңѦʶҪ
ȻΪߣһǿУѦƣʵǿЩ˵Ľܷ仯
ͣ
ƽ˵ꡣ
ͻȻͷ׹⣬Ϊһף޷ٶȣӹѦƵϷ
һѪʱ
ƽܳѦƵĺ󷽣Ѧ˫ĿԲɣȻͷ­һ£ҲһԵ
һ߽λʥ񣬾㱻նɱ
ƽܲмת·뵺죬ֱӷȥѦƵʬ壬м֣һͬȥ
ǧ󣬾þ޷عֱ߿ʲôûʣ£Χű̾
û̫ǿˣЩ꣬սߵˣûгɹɱ
ʸ뼸߲뿪
Ҷȵȼˣ뿪Ⱥ
֧֮̾ˣóһö佻ҶȣҶƵʮõʯ
ҶȻǰѴ䣬׸ˣ˵Ϸֵ
Ҷȣʸ˸ʮޣʣ¶ʮ꣬ģʮܿͻȥʱ뿪ʯ;ߣĺô
¼仰ﳤȥ
ҶȵĶôõģʸˡҵģԺҪȫ³
ߣΪʱǳԵģʣߣưɣ
Ҷ˿ҲʮʯϷ֣Ͱ⵱Ͷʰɣ֮󣬽ȻһһҪֻ
ʯ
ƽܵʵӦôﵽλʥӽ߽λ֮ĵߣһǿȻΪ޷ʥЩʥǿȣɱֶΣȴЩʥ޷ȼġ
ҪսƽܣҪӵдﵽ߽λʥʵһҵľ磬Ҳôﵽʥ£߽ףѶȺܴһ̤ʥսƽܣûжٷգ
ʯ֮УҶͨһ࣬ϢһԺ֮ǰƽѦսһĻĻ
˿߿ɱҶȴ
ƽܹȻӵиĿϵǰԵͣǿѦƣһҲʮ䡣
ʵƽһأƽԾƣѦնɱһжƽܵƿ֮С
ĵֵܵĴ磬սƽʧܣú
֮ģˮ磬ͨҶʮ˽⣬һɱ¾磬ʿˮưԵʿһȣ涼ࡣ
֮ҶȾ뿪ʯصˮ򶴸
ūˣնɱ֮ҲŻصûм죬Ҷ֮ǰӣÿϣȻŴĿĵѪۣΪأҶֶΣǾͲõĻָ⡣
ȻǻָΪҶȾͰѾ뵶ūһͳ̫ҵ
ܷбΧԼвһһӦûзΣյĿܡ
̫ҵ
Ҷó˵뵶ū£ûУҪʼˣںӡ
һõʮʬ壬ѱ֮ǰ˾ˣʣԼ߲Ҫ֮ǰġ
ҶҲڻָƣʻʵ۵ҲڱյøɸɾʬΪʧ
ʮȻһò꣬ʮˣϵūԼҶȣʵﲻΪ֮󣬷ָÿˣҶУҲֻʣ¼Ŷӡ
֮Уɹ˰֮ƶָȻҶȣһһ뿪䡣
ͨ壬֮У񵤣ʮ꣬ȻҪ񵤣Ҹʱ䣬ʱƵ񵤣ͳͳȥ
صҶȾʹ߶ڶ֮УһͬˮÿٶȣԽ֮ǰս˴ۣҲɱ䡣
ѰұԴͬǧͼ߶ȡ
֮ǰӣԴԴϵҶԪѾԽ֮ǰﵽĽλ߶ȣҿʼĽλ۷
Ҳ뵽Ҫȫʵ
ǧͼΪıȻҲҪһͬϧûбԴͿҶ÷ٶ̫̫ʱʱ̿бԴǧͼա
һ䣬ʼնɱкĴ䡣
˵ܷʲô
öһʱ䣬ĨϽ̷֮һһ봢䡣
ıǲ١
ʯٵˮ׵ıʯһЩֿԼй治٣ʯʹﵽ˶ʮ£ƷʯΪƷʯҲһЩƷʯֵ࣬Ʒʯ
ʯ͸ֵ࣬Ҳʯ
ٶֻһõģƷʶʥ֮£ʥ񼶱ָֻļѡ
Щ඼ķֻкǺԼƵķķʮּ̣Ψһŵ㣬෨ӵĸܣǺ޷ȵġ
ˡ
ҶƷƷʼ࣬ѡʱ֮УȻһҶȸӦ֮У΢΢
һӣֻһҹ棬Ҷǰ
ҹģѺۣҶȺ֣ʲô֮ͬҹģ֪һں壬Ժķ
ңͨҶȷпܣǺǿʹùķ
â֮һȻʧˮ֮УණҲɢ˷ʮ֮˾Ҳ
纺Ĳ䣬ҶȰķӡղ
ʧһжâУâǿҲƣǶ֡
ǿҵˮϢ
ҶȸӦһɻȽǿҵˮϢ
һɽƷ֮УѰңһҵһƴСɫʯͷ
ʯͷУ͸оһɴ̹ǵĺ⣬ͷų
ͨӦϸϸۿʯͷڲһɫ֪γɶ꣬Ҳ֪Ϊζγɡ
̫ʱˣҶȸպõԴǧͼڽռƷ֮Уòҵôһ飬̺ԴϢı
ȻϢǿңôǧͼһЩƷʡ
֮̽󣬿ʼѺͨȼգںϴǧͼ֮С
ڴʱǱڶΧһܷͻȻ˶
Ҷ̴Ӿֶþ뵶ūУɳһʯܷҲ·ɳҶȷһᣬҶȾ͸ӦһȺһٷ
ͨӦжʮͷ
׷£ҶǱһࡣ
һṦһͷһɽ޴ˮ׷һͷͷ
ôһͷһͷ
޴ˮʱҶȲɵŴͣΪˮһͷɫĴ󾨣̫޴ˡ
Ŀǧףٶ죬ûҶ׹ſ죬Ѽͷ˴֮С
ɣɱ
ֿˣҶ벻໥ɱ
ҶȾ¶̰ЦݣôһͷˮΪӣ㹻ˡūٴʵ


1907 ޾
ˮԽȻԽˡ
ҶҲӦͷʵﵽ˵ͽλ񣬸պþһսʵҲһ츲صı仯㹻һ֮Ըͷ
뵽ҶȾ׼֡
õȾ
һṦ򣬾Ͱк֮УٶҶȴ߶֮ȻϷ
ûзҶϷһЦҶץһ޳޽ͷնȥ
룬һͰѾԴ
Ȼûз֣߶֮״̬µҶȡ
ۿһҶǿھͷҶҲ¶ϲЦݡ
ͻȻıͻȻһˮ
ңһߵŴû뵽ˮ磬ͬ࣬СֵĪҪ֣
ţ
ҶȼæٶȣӾˮȻɴ˫Ŀŵظ
˵ˣһԾӣ
ĪװŪ
ҶȲ֪ͷʲôʱߵ𣺡Сֵ뻳ɣˮˣȴ࣡
ԭǴӾ﷢ģ
𺳵ü˵ͷŸӦּ޷ƾķҾҲʮ־޴󣬵ҶȵĸӦ䲻˼顣
ǶϢĸӦ
ɲǼ䣬͸оһϢȻ뾨ںϵ޷죬ھ
Ȼ䣬ҶȾԼ̫ˡ
ʵҶûжٹϵ˭뵽һͷһࣿ
ҶֻԳ̬ʶӦʵûϸӦڣʲôͬǰҲ£Ȼ⡣
ߣ²صǼã⾨ڣŷ֮ģ޷ӦڲǿߵϢ
ܿһͷˮʵȻͬһ㡣
ǺǣҲǻԵɺ֮£ںܶǰͷСֵܣǵһˮ磬࣬Σ
ˣʼҶȡ
ã
ҶҲǵ죬һھʹӦˣȻе̣аյģҲͻ뾨ڡ

ſڡ
˼ԣҶ֮ǰʱڲһ⡣
һ룬Ϻ죬ʱһ֣ĸо
Ĺâȴڲ߿ܶѪľ⣬⣬ҶȽ뾨ʳþͷΪһͨ
ͨҶƺθҼθռܾˣһݵĶθҺڸʴණԼɵĺ
θҺ˽ƵģϱʴΪģһƺΪһ
ʱҶѸӦͬϢθϿһһƶȻƯθ룬Сͬһĸۡ
ǰֻſڣһߣЦеվȻһЦݣȴ͸һݼ黫ģ
ʥ񡭡
˲üΪҶȸӦصߣΪȻﵽʥ񣬶ҾǵͽλʥӦǸ߽λʥ
£ЩΣˣд߶ˮҪ֣Ҳô߶ˮ߸ɸɾնɱ
ЦеĸŰ룺СֵܲĽλϲȴˮߣѹȣȻԷӳĽλʵˣ˰ԼǸˣСֵ㣬Ͳʲô֪ϷҲ㣬ˮߣ
ֻżȻõһˮϵſˮߣ֪ǰγƺҶÿ
ɲ룬һΪУҿǳֶΣܲΪãˮ磬ߣӦһˡ
Ϊ޾ˣڽԪ֮ǰͷҲ͸ţҽܵ
Ҷȣ
ҶҲԼ
˵⾨θζ̫˵θڣ
޾֣һ̤붴
ҶȣûԥһסĲ㱻ˮҲԴ顣
ߣиӲ˼Ԫ
һʥܰŵ
붴ͲһˣڲȻеɿڲһ԰һ¥
޾˴Ҷ԰£óһƣǻŨ
Ʒ˼ڣҶȾ͸оԪиӳ졣
ɺʵǰܺ棬Ҳ̫ˣûôͷڣˮߣ֮ǰ໥ɱĪǰɱģ
ɱ
ԷһЦ̫ῪЦˣ磬֮ࣿ鶼ǣһע⣬ͻȵһͷɱꣿʵҲǿˮ磬ȫݺȥģ纣֮ĸֵܣʵҪԽģ
ֻǶˣ׷һЩͼһʱ䣬ϰͷʳܾˣ󣬵ȴһǻȱݵĺұȽ˳磬һ㲻ʲôΣգУٶҲǳԽ󲿷ֺģ
޾˼һ
ǰһֱˮߣΪΣ
ȻΪռˮǺܶģҲ½س٣һͬˮһλѰˣҲһλˣˮѰȻص½أ̻ͨᣬתȥ
ǰԼ̻᣿
ֻһС̻ᣬɲģңԶĺ浺죬˵ػңԶҲҾĵطСֵһô֪࣬СֵԺη
޾ʮģشҶһ⣬Ȼһ䡣
ʮҲ˳ѰǰȻѰˣȻ౦ɣ
벻޾һѰˣһ̻ϰ壬̫ˡ
Ҳ٣ЩǱЩ㱦ˮ磬治У޾ƺڲ¶Ҷȵ˼
ҪһЩԴ˲Ѱˣûҵ֪ǰûУеĻϣǰϣһЩ
ԴǺǣСֵܿھмֵıθڲС
ٴθڣҲȲھ
СֵԵˮ֤㣬ãΪѰѰ
޾ֳ˵ıɫҶϢһᣬͷһƺһؿռ䡣
ʱ֮󣬾޾ЦݣвٱԴֻм̺˵ıԴ籾Դ
۽磡ҶԵȲ
޾֮һ֣һƬ֣ʮ֣̺ԴϢıģһ
ҶȵĿ⣬ʱ
б֮УԴϢŨҵġ
һһźɫȭͷСһЩȻ͸ǿԸоĲ
ߵǼǻһɫʯͷȻһϵԴϢɳ飬ҪŨ࣬ȴֻ۴С
ҲıԴᣡ
ᣬҶΪ⣬Ϊ֮Уһ޵΢ϢǴһͷǿᡣ
ʯͷᡣ
һԴϢ࣬иĲ
ֿΧԴһЩҶ֮ǰֵǿ麮ֵ࣬ںһ𣬱ԴϢǷǳŨҡ
ǰЩֵ٣
ȻθڴҶҲֱʨӴ󿪿ڣֳҪЩȫǿұ顣
ֱκһֵڵ֮䣬ġֵܼͲ˵ˣڲͼ۹ҲҪʮƷʯ


1908 ˮ׻ɽ
ʮڣ
һ֡
Ҷ֮Ҳδжٵľ㵡
ôҲһ̻ϰ壬ϾһۣҲⷽ棬ҲǿС
㣬Щһܼ۸ٳʮڣ̻һֵּ۸ȥڼᣬʯ顢ܽӽʮڡ
ʮݱֵҲʮڡ
ֵܼʮڲࡣ
޾ȴʮƷʯ֣ȻǸ֣Ѿ˾޴ʵݡ
ɵãҶУ޾ˣһݺøС
֪޾˵뷨˸˵۸ǲǹҶȣȻҶóʯ׽ҶȵʯְҶڴնɱ
ҶһɬģǰֻжʮƷʯɷȸЩȻЩʱգٰʯǰ
ƽʱǲӦģǽСֵԵȸôɣ˭֪޾˲δϾȥӦʮֱӡ
ҶȾͰѣкռʯͳͳ޾ˡ
ԷǴһ£ˣպҲüʮֱͳͳҶȡ
ЩԴ㹻ǧͼﵽ߽λϲƷʡ
ʮھܻô౾ԴҶռ˴ˡ
պñҶȼŻƣʣǰղ˵ԺȺ
ˮ򣬿ɲһȺ
޾ƺҶ֪ȺһҲ⣬Ȼ渵ȺһϽĺҲһʵԶȺԶĺΪȺ
δ
֪˲࣬Ϊ̫ңԶˣ㺣֮Χ֪ȺˣҲȥˣ٣ೣˮͷҪˮҲǼ׵ģҪ֪ʥˮֻǿߣﵽ񣬲ſݺˮҲֻȥңԶˮѰЩ֮е½ͷʵ̫СһȥԽâĺĸ֣ʱΣգʴˣҲֻΪĵˮߣ
ΧˮҲޱߣǰкƺʲô
СѵǼʶ㣬֪Ĳˣ˺壬½࣬ԺˣΪʧڼԪ֮ǰʱҲýⷽˮâΪӡ˫ǿ̣ھȺԶһˮ֮Уϧűâ֮󲿷ֶΪ棬ǳˮߣõӡĹżҲ޷֪ô࣡
ھȺԶĺ򣿡
ڣҶȻϤ׼ȷλá
֮ӵʥʵ뿪֮ģصʥأһ͸ǰ档
ѰƵĶڡ
Ҳȥ纺ĵط
Ƭ໹ȥΣ˵ʵڣҲں棬ҵһЩԺıûд֣֮ջһЩ΢ıľ޴ɺɺ֧һˮɺҲǺֵɣ
޾˷·ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ҶȶԾ޾˵Ľνˮ಻
ʶ㣬ݾ޾ˣһҲΪ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬޾ڣһ˳
̯֣ĳһҡεԽԽ
꣬⴦»ɽҪ緢ˣ޾˼á
Īǰڵʲô
ҶҲһĻ˼Ͳ³ʲô
޾˿ҶȣȻҡҡͷ֮䣬ȻдԵ֣һ֣»ɽͱˣСпУȥٸ㣡
ʲô࣬ʱ࣡
߶ʮһҶҲȥ۽磬˵ն
޾˴һ⣬ͷ
ҶȸӦ֮УζԽˮֻʮҶȶڣˮ
ⷽˮȻں֮·ֻǵ˱Եλá
޾һһףҶȣҲѾ´ϣ޾һ£̾
˷ɳθӾɳʱˮѹΧ£ѹҶ޾˼ᷨӡҲıףͷȵˮѹҶҪǿھ޾ˡ
޾˵ĲʥҲ޷ﵽҶ֣ˮı¡
ٿǰһˮ׻ϰ벿Ѿͨ죬Χˮ򣬲ϵرһЩͼˮ»
޾ͬʱΪҶȽܵСѣɽһģǧ꣬Ǵ⾭ʰһЩлϵϢĿŻɽ֮£Ӧһɽģ󣬵ǵõǼֵǵıЩ꣬һֱʩչӦ󷨣ɽһܸӦ
ǰͨһ̾һɽҪܵˮѹȣܲһӦά˳ʱ䣬ǲס
䣡䣡
ɽѾʼ緢ҽӿˮ磬һʱ䣬Χ¶âƺĩһ㣬Ϊѹ֡
Լһ£ɽͽˡ
ҽǺܾˣһʱ䣬ȫȴ޾˲ŴҶȣɽϷȥɽڲһƬڣʲôûС
ҶȸӦ΢ϢԼһǿҵĻϵϢ޾˵Ĳ棬Ȼһ
޾Ҷȣɽ֮£߶һڵĻɽڸԼ½ǧףײΧϢкˮںϣΪһ޷Ŀռ䡣
ҵˣ
޾ҷȥһ׳ĳɫ
ͷ˹ȥҶֻ΢΢ںţɲȥ⣬Ǿ޾˺ľһѪŻġ
޾Ҳһѳɫһ봢䡣
ҶϸϸЩֶһЩСɣ̺ĻϵϢʮǿңֿʮּӲƷϵȵĲϣֵȻﵽڣһƷʯĵز
֮ǰĽףʮھ޾ǰ治ʲô޾ˣҲеһϲ
ʱ֮󣬾޾˲룬˾ˣɽڲѹľˣҶ뿪Σ֮ء
ʥ񣬻޷õͽʥ
뿪ɽ޾ҪҶȽ뾨죬ȴҶֹǰҲ뿪ҲҪȥ׼ʯ
ˣ˳ÿҲСһݹͣʯˣ޾˾Ȼ󷽣Ҫʯ
⣬飬ʯǶ٣Ҫ赹ԵģҶҲռֱ˵ˡ
ңҲеǹ⣬Ҫ޾ˣֽ׹ϵԺȱٱͿ޾˹
۸ֱˣʯļֵҪ̫ࡣ
ȻС˼֣Ͳ˵ʲô
޾תҪ뾨죬뵽δҶϵ򣬱һ򣬽Ҷȣһ⼸꣬඼ں֮ΧѰұҲȥˮ棬չһЩҪң߶ͻ㣡
ãҶĿ;޾뿪βһڣٵʧˮ
λ޾ˣҲǸˣϵҲҪȥȥȺԼڷ棬԰ҵæ
ҶҲ򶴸ȥ


1909 λϲ
ص뵶ū£ȫָʵҲʱ䣬ʵ졣
ҶҲڼƻмƻ
һ֣

ոմӾ޾õʮԴҪںϣԼǧͼҪʱ䣬˵ԽһֱԴλϲ
ڵԪʱʱ̿Ѵﵽܾ˵ĳ̶ȣĽλһξ룬ո֮󣬳λ⡣
ԾʱʵȴﵽλϲٳȥԸ
ͨ壬ЩƵ񵤣󣡡
ͨ壬һͰѴǧͼ
ʱͨ뿪֮ģ
Ҷʮֱںϣʮ֮ͨǧͼƷʡ
ѡֱֻһԴһ֡
ص
ļǺͨıԴһıԴϢҲȲ
ԼںϣӤգӤϳɳпܣճΪߣұԴҲһ֣Ӥ֮Ҳ
䣡
̫ҵ֮УҶ˲Ϣ֮ó
ȭͷС治֪ʲô޾Ҳ˵شֻһˣȻ֪
󣬲̺ԴϢ̺һϢպӤա
߶ԴĿԴ̺ϢӤڵһŵԴ֮УѪҲǡ
ͷŷȼһͻΪһҺҶƣӿԴ֮ڣںӤڵĹâ֮С
ӤȻڳ˯ƺܵϢڲ̺ͬԴϢ̾ſС죬գһ˿һ˿ٶ̫ˡ
ٶȣ治֪£ӤŻɳ
ҶҲȥȻӽѪ
õѪӣںһţʣš
һֱҶȶûѪӣڣ׼ʼֱҪʮٵѪӡ
֮żϧʮٵҪѪӣɳΪѪȻ֮󣬳һſѪӣҪˡūںϣǶӵнѪһ֮ǻָٶȻߺܶࡣ
һ棬ҲҪѪӣɽЩûǣ˻ᣬһҪȥɽһˣҲҪȥһС
һ¯
ѪӣֲУȻһţһɴСʮѪӡ
һԺѪӣҲӵ΢ʮϢ
ĿǰΪֹҶȣԼٻûӵʮٵͲС
ٻʱҶһ֣ٻŻɽ磬ʱĳɳ
ˣ
ѪӣոʮͲϷʼҶѾܵѪڲϢھ˵ߡ
Ǿռ䣬Ѫ£Ҫһʱ䣬꣬ӵʮ٣»졣
ھ䣬ʮ֣Ѫ죬磬Ҳֻǹȥһˣ
ҲǾ˵ģʮҶȶã棬һֱС
óѪգҲȲѣˡūҪֻܲϧۡ
Ѫ̫ҵɳ뿪ص֮С
ҪԼںʣµֱԴ
ͷŷ𣬺ܿʱ䣬ͰֱﻯΪһҺҺ
ʱоߣƺҲɱԴȫѪգӿԪϸ֮С
ץסᣬɼ񵤣Լӡ֮һʱ䣬ЩԼҶȫɱԴ֮ںϣڣһɴѭ״̬ѭҶȵʵԾ˵ٶȣ
ԣԴΪϧ̫ˣΪǧͼԼԴʮֱȫգڶӦÿԳλϲˣ
ԪԪҶȴ첻ϢĸоԺ˾޾ӰУϲȻб´ΰʯʱһҪһЩҲϣûо뵶ūе
ˮ磬һϲƣպÿԸֱȻҪĴʯʯͨնɱȡʯʲôһС
ʱᵽˣˮдľջ
һնɱս飬ʵֵõı޾ˣֱָҶȡˡū˵ѭնɱУγɲѭҶʱʱɱʵ״̬
δҶȫںϱԴͨͻˡ
ԭ֪͹ȥ˰ʱ䡣
ͨҶں̵֪֮⼸ʮ
ʥԬͨϰ˻Ӱ֧֣ǵõ֧֣ʱоڷɣ񵤵ִﵽһ߲Σ̻ñիۣûݣҲΪ
񵤵ѿƽһͨ壬ھڵٶȣ̫ˣͨþ䣬ʱſʮ꣬ƾ˵񵤣ڣǹӦ
Ҷȵ취񵤵ֲܵС
ڰ˻ӣȻʥرչأһֱûж
ͨδ˵ʯʯǰѰ˻һݣֳȥ֮ʣʯŰʱ䣬Ǹ𲽣ʹ˾˵棬ȸ꣬㲼ʮ֮޷
ͨһͬ䣬ʼǧͼƷʡ
ͨҲԿʼУʱΪҪҶһͬλ֮ҲҪǧͼƷʡ
ʮ֮ǰʣʮ
ҪԴ֮еʯᡣ
ʯϵԴ̺ıԴϢʮ־ˣᣬԴһ֡
Ҳ֪ˣǺεȵޣµᣬȻ̺˱ԴϢ
ֱԴǧıԴҲκһ֡
ǧͼͨķɳ̾ͱ̵ͣҶóʮͷһɷ𣬵һȼա
Һھ䣬õʱ䡣
֮
ʮԴҶǿʵ£ȼջΪһҺҺǿҵıԴϢԼϢ
ҶȿöЩ᲻ãںϣλ⣬Ҳﵽλܸߵĸ߶ȡ
ǴǧͼҪģǧͼƷԽߣԽܷӳҶݺˮ硣
һץǧͼͷ˹Ȼ߶ͼƣͷŶĿǳâҺǧͼ֮С
ˣ
ǧͼʼ˷ܵ𶯣·СǧлȸԾ
һ֮Һȫںϴǧͼ֮УҶȴ߶Ӿ˵ķ𣬻һ¯Ѵǧͼ¯֮С
žֹͨͣУ¯ǰǧͼƷʡ
Ҷ뿪䣡
صھ伸꣬ڱԴѾȫںϣ֮ǰõڵѾﵽĽλϲ״̬
Ҫʼ׼λҪģԪԪǱģԸԼ֡


1910 ʮ˷ħ
ĽλҶǿʵһˣȫĴսջȡʤ
һ̤λͬȶ֣ҶӦҲࡣ
ԴȻ䣬ϲУȻи౦´Ҫø౦
ȫԪѾﵽ۷壡
һ֣Ծ޾ˣǼԴãʣһ룬֮ǰһսȡԼ־
صʯҶͨںϡ
ɵǣҲʯ
Ϊʯʮ꣡
֪һˮУʱ䵯ָţ̫ˣ磬ʥأʮǶô
ҶȣǺ£ǳ䵱Ѫ棬հҶʮ꣬õõʯͳͳեȡһɶ
ʯȡʮİУ̫ˡ
ˣͨںʯеҲȼ籾ͨҶں֮Ҷֻһ깦򣬾ͨﵽƽ⣬ﵽĽλ۷塣
ӡʯݣǸӦ
һ¯ȼؾ
ˮ½ص֮һֲͨںʯٶȣȼ籾
ֻ¹һȫ㿪ʼͻλ
ӡ֮ȫ׷ӿ뵤֮УĿԴԱߣγһƬ״̬Ԫ
һʱ䣬ȫԪΪԪ
ӡٶȼӿ죬һӡͣᣬӡʼԪ
ʱ䲻ʧҶȲ֪ӡֱӡԪӡƿԪʡ
Լ꣬ڣԪΪһɴС
ᣡ
һ£˫һϣľȫעԪ֮УӡǱ˫֣ݺݵذԪ뼷ѹ
ˣ
âһԪͻΪһߴСĴС
Դɹᡣ
ҶҲʽ̤λϲ
飬Ľλ׳࣬ﵽҶʮ֮һʮ־˵ĳ̶ȣͬޣҶȣҪɱȥʹҲû塣
ϯֱ飬Ҷó̷еӡ֮Լӣ棬ҲѽѪʼ߶
ʼҶٶȡ
ȥ꣬ڲȥѪӣӦó˰ɣ
黹ҪһʱģؾҲһṦɣպҶ˿ʱ䣬һѪ뵽Ѫӵı仯
һ磬ڲ¯֮УȻųĽѪ
ҶȵһΣѪĳģ
ŽѪԼһɸߣȻֲҪ߳࣬ÿһ궼ƬƬҶҶһ
ÿһ֮УҶȷŵ˿ųѪӣһһʮѪӣҶ֮ǰõѪӣһģһ̺Ϣǿʢ
ΪѪʮɳġ
¯ڵʮ٣ֻʣһˡ
һҶĵʮʣպòһ룬Ҷ֮ҲʹĺܣҲƵѪӣصȻȻسɳȥ
һĽѪֻҪѪӴﵽʮţ㹻ˣ
֮УȡѪӣְţʮ֮УȻĽѪʮѪӣӡ֮С
ʣʮպ㹻ѪӣɳΪѪ
ӴԺҶҲʮѪ˾ˡ
ǰѪӽǿѪӣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ뵽˵ķ
ʮٱ壬ڷڣʮٳɳ֮أȻᴩĽ磬ʮҶȵõֻ֮һѿһֱڷ硢ɽ硢ɳٶ޷ȵġ
Ҫ÷ڵеԭ
ôȥʮҶϴμʱһС״̬ӦóΪһ׳ĴҲӵ޾ʮҪѪӣԣСһ
ﵽʥʵʱ䣬½һˡŹֻ֮ŵټ֣֪ǻ̫ʼ«ʲôҩĪ࡭ƺؽ⴩磿
뵽Ҷȱ㲻Ըȥ
Ǹͨɽʱʱ̴̿Σ֮УɽŴߣ˭ֹࣿ
Ŵߣ࣬Ҳֻɽ籾Դס޷ս
ع鱾壬Ҫɣһ㣬νλϲ񣬴ʱ䣬ʮʯֻʣꡣ
⼸꣬Ҫȥһˮ硣
ȻҪȥϲ޾ˣѪӽ뵶ūںϡ
ﵽȻ״̬ʱҶȾͷͨ壬Ȼһͨ壬֮УǧͼƷʡ
صˮ硣

ʮˣҶǰҶȰĽѪ䣬顢ʥںϣٰʮѪӣһ־ˣģҪϼ꣬Ѫ죬ſںѪӡ
գۣ֮ˮ磡
Ҷóעһ
СѣԵһᣡ
޾˲Ųæ֮д
ûҶҲˮͣλӵǴ΢״̬øҲҪһʱָܻ
֮

һͷϤľ޴Ӱˮڵˮ
Ǿ޾ľ
Ҷȣϳ࣬һͰҶĴ֮С
һ̱ζ֮ҶȾθֶһЩʬ壬Ҫ֮Уƶ
޾˲ڻ԰¥֮С
¥þ޾˴¥ȻǸϤЦݡ
ǰ˼ʯڲŸϴ
Ҷȵó䣬޾Ҳģ֮٣ǰһЩ
𣿡޾һƺ벻Ҷһϲ񣬼ͨҲһ̣ʮʯû
ҪԴԽԽãǰģҵҲϴΣǷǰһʯ
С˵Цˣ˶ѣвʱ򣬵ҪıԴɲһʱɵģЩѰҵı㣬ǰģȺҪĻֻר̻һȺһЩ
һȺ
ңԶľ룬Ҷ벻޾Ϊרһˡ
޾ʢ飬һæҶЩ˼
ƺҶȵ뷨ŰСĪϴ಻ǵõһҪȥֻ˳·ˣ
ͺã
ܾ޾˵ǲʵǰҶһĴæǰǵԽԽãУǰô꣬ˮ򣬿ɵõһЩͬһĺϻ෨
ҶҪΪѰҷַʺϾˣ
Ȼһ׷統ڼᣬС콣
޾һ΢΢ɫƺѰš
һᣬ޾˲ſڣ׷ǺټǺټǼΪټҪһ׷֮࣬ţֻ񣬲оƣƣҲס߰˷֪һ̻ᣬһֱӵһΪʮ˷ħϷ
ʮ˷ħ
Ҷһ£ͰԵʺϾʹãȻףϷҲ޾ˣĻҶҪҵ෨ϼѡ


1911 浺С
ǰʮ˷ħǺεȵķҶȺ治ѵʵ
޾Ű룬渵ϷǺһ̻ᣬϸԪĳʱڣһˮ磬һ֮Уֵģ㿴ˮãã뺣壬ʵԶŵԶŴսзֲĹϵԶŴսͿ̿ɱ֮Уս󲿷սմ󲿷ˮ֮УС׹½֮Уˮ磬ӵķԶħʿʬ壬Լȵȣ
˵ʮ˷ħҲԶŵһ
ţһһףʮ˷ħÿһﵽͽλʥƷʣֻǾԪϺˮĸʴ٣ʧˣ
ʥƷʣ۸񶨴ﵽܾ˵ĳ̶Ȱɣ
ʱҲֻ֪Ǻѣ˽һϢʮ˷ħ۸Ȼ󣬼ϲÿ˶ʺϣһֱû
ǰһʯͷǰһˣҲûжҪֻҪʮ˷ħһ̺ԼǿУģﵽܾ˵زûģͷǰʯǰʱϣ
˵꣬ҶȾóһöӵаʯĴ䡣
ڣ
޾΢΢һ벻Ҷóôʯ
ʯҲһСĿһЦѴ£СѷģǸˣʮ˷ħʵԣǲῴģ
ڱԴԽԽãǰõʯǸۣҲ뾡취óʯ
С򵥣óôʯһĸ߼ʥҲӵ˲Ƹ˺֮ϷЩߣ
ʵҲΪԼΪѡ
ථˣСѷģʮʱ䣬꣡޾ҲҶȷųһŵ
Ҷȼ˼죬޾кܶ෽潻֮󣬱뿪С
ص֮ҶץʱС
ʣ¼겻ʮޣҪصƵʸ˱档
⼸꣬԰Ϊһ̣ﵽλ״̬
һУҶȺȻۡ
һʱ䣬ˣһ䡣
¯ڣʮϢʧˣֻʣ꣬ոճĽѪ֮УһʮĿѪӡ
һжʮˣ֮ǰʮ˵õʮһˣʮĿѪӼĽѪʮݡ
գʣĿѪӡ
֮Уʮһ뵶ūҶǰ
ҶóʮһѪӣںϣֻʣµū
ѪӣԼĽѪ
ѪҪ£ԺΪѪ׼ĽѪһ꽻ūںϡ
ʮٵڸˡūһͨ
һ֮ҶȾǼڶ֮УںϽѪϻصʯ
ʯȻҶͨں֮󣬸ʯǰйٴĸܣȫһλϲˮ磬һδɱӵˮİڶˮӦ
ٴοƵ۹⣬Ȼᷢı䡣
ʮʱһҶȱȥʯݣ뵺졣
뵺죬ȻڱԵشҶȵĵȼ޷Ϸ죬ҲӦƽܵǿϢڵϷ
꣬ڹȥʮ֮꣬ͻ̤뵺Ϸսƽܣ
Ҷֵܣúˣ˼
˰죬Ĳǻʸˣ
Ҷǰһ߸ϵģ˫֣ʸæܶ࣬⽻ң㣡
ʲôԸҶȱȭ
˼Ժ͸ҵߣңһЩǺò£Ժ֪ˣ
һЦԵصĺܣҶȼ򣺡Ȼ񣬵Ƶе£Ǹھʹȥ۽磡
Ҳǳĸࣿ
棬벻Աһ졣
˲δ뵺죬ǵȴ˼죬ȻʯУ߳ˣԴųɱƣ˫ڿյ
ǳ֮ʣʹҶȣֱ˫롣
ߣ
˫һƵֽ٣ֹͣصԵʯ֮С
ȴһȣʮ㣺ƵأֹڵڱǺôĵӣƵȴмҵϵĹأ
ֻ䣡˫ǿһڿóƵĹأѹǣʱæΧͷ
£Ƶִ߻㱨֪̬Ⱥܼ
ֵܣǴˣˣ
֪˫ֵĴͷˣ뿪Ƕʱóö䣬͵͵С
ɴСȻһᣬǾˣԺǿҪعأ
һ֣˫ڨڨȥ
ȥʱɱԹȴҶȿУǱĵ򣬱һ١
һĻҶȿ۽磡
ģ
óһö䣬׸Ҷȡ
ҶĻ£Ҫ
ԺԼֵܣҵģģŰɣԺôǣûջش䣬Ҷȷһ졣
Ҷȣܵ죺ǡ浺
һܣҶȸȥȻϷȥһ棬ȡҲʮֱӡ
浺ڵС£Ԫʵﵽ߲ǰǻʸһڣȴѻʸˣʸˣλһġԾǶǸһĴˣһֱ
ԪļһܳΪ浺Ĺ£һֱǻʸЯ˭뵽ˡ
浺棬ҵģѡˣڵ浺ԪԿѡѡȥʸ˾Ϊ浺С£ԪƵ浺ԺҪ棬γǯƣ
Сʵֻϲ񣿡
ʲôлʸڱ֧㣬Ԫô죿Ǹӣʸ˻ֱȻԾʲôģʸսԻʸʵԾҲûӣ
ԭˣҪǵĹӡ
Цţʸ˵뷨
Ҷһƣй¶֡
Ȼ߶һ⣬Ҷȷ򵶷浺
ͬʱӵ浺ҲӰ
Ҷ뵶浺Ҳ˹һˣǰһ߲ΪȻ˵Ԫ
Աߣֻһͽλ߲񣬿Ԫĸ֡
֣þòԪδԳһжģѣȭʩ
ıȵ֣ڸˣĺģ
Ӧһ䣬ȻҶǰһܵλҶȣʸ½С£浺֣һЩ浺ճС£
Ҷ֣ԪҶȱȭ
£ԱˣҲҶʩ
ҶҲ˼׻£ԺҪͷչˣ
ҶȣΪʵʱĪҪԪԺҵ
ҶһȻԪһת뵶浺
Ҷ֣ԺҾǵ浺Ĺ£ܶ෽棬Ҫ๵ͨԪȥһֱûжɫ仯ȻǸЦݡ
ҶȾԪܲ򵥣ʵǿǼгǸ
Ҳû뵽浺ԺҪֶչˣͷˣҶҲæ
ߣҶֺúù䵶浺Ƶൺ֮УҲСĿǰʿڵϸʯ֮ϢÿҲмʿ
ԪҶ룬ʼܵ浺Ϣ


1912 ū
֮ҶԪ£˽⵶浺棬Ԫ£Ҳʮ
ҶˣΪһ˾
ϣԪڵ浺ϷʯΪҶȾлӭƻᡣ
˶룬ǸҶӣǸԪʸӣǼҪֺԪҲҪֺûʸˣҶȣҶ֪һ衣
Ҷ£ԺչˣʲôĵطⱭƣȥʲôɸɾ
˶ҶȾƣӹҪģҶȱϾѾǹ£ûʵȨ⵶浺ҲֻԪ֮£ֻСඣΣǲҶȡ
ҹ뿪
ԪҶȣ浺ߴһʯǰҶסʯҪ߼ˡ
ҶֵܣĶ
ʯԪҶһȦȻ֮ʣҶҲա
治֪ǻ⵶浺ãԪҶȣ뿪֮ʱȴƺʲôҪ˵
Ҷʵлֱ˵
ǰǸʸ˵ģӦ֪ɣ
ţ
Ƶʱ䲻ǧҰɣһ͸죬ǵĹӣÿεõĺô󲿷ֶǵȥֻõһ֣⻹㣬һΣ£ȴұڹʯͨ˻ʸˣܷɺŵ֪ԭǻʸǶݵһϷˣΪľõеĶˣҲͶԾԾʸˣǺöҶֵܣҪ¶죬ʸ˼ף´γң

ҶֵҲ֮²òͷɵǻʸˣֺγɵԾҶеĹߣÿڵ浺õıʮ֮˾ţȫϽɸԾֻѪ棬Ҵﵽ񣬶սʸԾ
Щ꣬Ҳϣռ˲ٺôʮʯǹϷ֣֣˵ô࣬ȴûа취˵ĺܶԣǶǹߣΨǲſսʸԾһֱɵģ
ʱҶȲԪ뷨¿ˮҲҪҶγһӪƺʲô㡣
ڴڵ浺Ԫ˵ʯҪҪǣУܴš
Ե浺û˼Ҫڳʱ䣬ϡ
ԪЩˣ󲿷˼Ƶ£뷢һʺƣһѪ棬б˿ռġ
ҶȿԪ֣ڵ浺棬ԷģҶֻһùҹȲԸԾֲʸˣһУΪı䣬͸װɣʸ˵ȷǲŹ㣬ʱֻ裬֪ʸˣԺʲô
ԪЦҶֵҲǸʹ֮ˣȻѻ˵ϣԺкô¶Ԥһݣ
Ǯ֮Ƶ뻹ʵԺ󵶷浺飬Ԫת±ǣ
Ҷ飬¼סˣͲҶϢ
Ԫתȥ
棿Ƶʲô棿СС棬ĵ;ʲôЩ۹ֻ̫ľûɭ֣
ò˫Ҷʯӡʯ£׷ӡȻͨ壬ʯ
ܿӵ浺ˮ硣
ص֮󣬵һ£ǲ鿴뵶ūں
ǾԼõĵūںѪӣһٶȣ뽫ƻָ巽һ
޾ˣʮڻʮ˷ħʵ߼֮࣬ôҶȵսﵽŵĵز
һʱ֮ҶȵΪҲﵽλϲ״̬뵶ūҲһ
ҶúѰһĿꡣ
ȥˮ۲˼죬֮ҵҶΧˮ򣬼ѾȫҪչңԶһˮ
˽⣬ΪǿߣҲλ඼һλλʮҪ֮ǰһҪһЩ
ǰװ׸
ǿλ
Ҷλϲʵϵūˣʵһ֮֮࣬ǰҪǶԸѣһѣȴûж⡣
ȷ󶴸һ֣
׼һ֮ҶȾʹžˡūɳˮȥ
һ죬Ҫӽ󶴸֮һ
һȡ
ﵽĿĵ֮ʣҶȴͻȻ֣ͣϢ
ҶһʯȺУһᣬʹϷˮ򣬳һͷƹĺһɽıϣһ֮Уʮʿÿ˶ӡݱԵվʮˡ
˴磬ҶһϤĺܡ
ЩǼˮµ˷ӣ
ˣԼһڱץסʿҶڻȼ
ֳ⣬ɼ飬ͬˣֱͲˡ
ʮ֮УΪߵһһλʥʣµһ룬Ľλλ񡭡мˣֻǸ߲񣡡
һɨʵҶҲЩģԷһʥһλʥʵѾԽҶ̫ࡣ
ƽʱҶȻԣԸʥԼô
һɨΧˮ硣
޾˵ĺеǸ߽λʥҲˮ磬ͨ裬һΧݣȫǽµĹ
Ҳ˵ֻҪѹնɱ
ˮʮ֣ʱȫʧȥƣ˵֣Ҫˮ㣬һΪʧȥޡ
һʥҲûʥʵֻﵽ񣬶߲ʵﲻڸ߲һֻΨʥ񣬿ˮ磬ôһ˿в
׼ãЩ࣬ǵĶ֣ʮˣ
Ѿ뵶ūһ̷
뵶ūҪϷɱһҪӳˮĺˣˮ磬Ҫɱ߲񣬶˵׾١
ڽʿԼԸʥȻҶȵģУնɱͷ޴ĹҶԶ֡
֮󣬾뵶ūɢķ׵Ϸˮ֮С
ϢҶȣѾ˹һࡣ
ͬٶȣˮ򣬹ӵеͽλʵҶ˵ûжв
֮ǰҪȴ뵶ūλҽ뿴ϷݣһˣС
һ
С㣬ˮÿ£ǻǸϽ֪ͨү϶ˣ汻ץ̣ҪͲˣ
ߣʲô磬˴Եǰ˶ɵ֣ԱС˵ֻǸͷĹˣҪȥ翴ʲôȻնɱһЩȥҸ磬һ
Ȼ䣬нŮŵ֮УشҶȶ䡣
ҶĿӺŲһѰңʮʿ룬ŮŮ䶼ʮ꣬Ȼһ㣬ЩǣһλŮ£͸ŵĻ
ģ뼦Ⱥһĸ߰
λŮˡ
Ů͵͵ضʮ˴ֿΧڰˮҲЩ£ԱǸŵò԰׵Ů£Сʲôûұţ䲻ҪˮߣȴҪƫƫˮ磬ʲôµģ
˼
벻˼ҶȰһЦĲ֪ߵغС첻µز£ǹ⣬ˮĸץסĿҪ磬۽硯ⲻ֪һ·


1913 Ů
Ҫ³ԳСŮ˼ס
Ǵδţû磬ʶС㣬ǻţټ磬Ļ롣
Ϊ磬磬һģûΣգΣգҲΪ㶨
е磬ôʵġ
ҡҡͷһЦʲô˶У鿪Цֻ˵Ůûоκĥѡ
ˣϷ
鷢һ
Ҷһ΢΢ͷ
߶ߣһ޼սٶʮֻٶ̫죬Ҳ޷ˮ磬Ϣ
ʱ֮һʮɵ޼սҴﵽϲλ۷壬ʵֱ񣬲ˣ޼ս޼˻γɣʵ֮ϣ޼᲻ݵ
ҵҪ󣬾ǿҶ̫࣬ҲҪ
ն
һȣֱŹӻȥ
ͣ
޼սشӹ֮ϣնȥпƤоʹв޼սҶȫ£һѣͰѹԴն
ʱΪһͷޡ
ڵˮԴȴһȥ
ã
ݿʼһζʮˣŷӦݣֿȴһɴ̱ǵѪ
ʿҲŵòᣬ֪¡

ʧȥƣ˲䱬ը
Ȼˮϯˡ
䣡
ˮѹ֮ײÿһˣǺ˻Щץס࣬ͳͳѪʿͱӡԺˮ޷ѹ廹Ҫը
ٿ
ʱֳ޼սҶȣ֪ʲôʱʮʿǰָһһ⣬Ͱ֣һݣѺˮȥһϢԵָֻɣһһҶȣͬսٶ
ȳȥ˵
ʮˣȴܵˮѹȣΪʹ࣬ʥ£ݺݵҶһۣһˮϷ
ǵȴǵģȴһĹ
ಣ
Ҷȵһȫܺˮѹȣ߿һ
оˣоˣ
֮УʿŪʲô£źʬ壬ֿҶˡūΧɱˣһȸԾ
ΨǸŮһΪȻ
뵶ūĽɱ߲ˣնɱֻʣһλʥ
һλʥǸˣˮ磬Ǹž뵶ūȵ֪˭𣿡
ǲǼˮ𣿲ҪüˮвңˮǱΪ飬ͬ࣬һͬԷǸӸɱ
һҶȣĮػӳ޼ս
ͣ
뵶ū͵ȥ
һ񣬶ʱͷŹǴ󲿷־ҪƺˮѹܷĹʵ߲޷ﵽ
εסūˣ
ʱһƱһڵūʵ֮£߽λ񣬵ǿԷһ
ಣ
ʱһλʥ񣬼ƲȻɳһߡ
ͷӣܣ
ɳʮףʮֻǰֳ޼սҶȣһ͵ǰ޼ս
ʥˣҶȹ£ģǰ飬ˮҲǱΣҪʲôҲֻȻֻ·һ
Ҳˮ磬½أҶȶɱ֡
ҶȣˮѹӰ죬ͨ裬ΪҶһ޵еǿߣֻġ
ʥơ
Ҷһȥ

ȻԸװ߶Ҷٶ£ٶƣֻܷ
޼սķ֮ϣֻ÷㣬ȴûаѷ飬˵
ԭ㡭ʥƺڻҶȵʵǿߣôһͰСҪˡ

̣ʹ߶һҶȹȥʵֻﵽ񣬶ٶȣǴﵽͽλ
Ҷ΢΢һ

һȻֻãʥ˷ɶ
ƺĥҶʵǿ֪ΪΣˮ磬ݺᣬʱִһͨˣץסᣬˮϷȥ
ȻҪû뿪ˮ磬һصˮ棬ʥߡ
ⷬ˼Ҷ᲻֪
һϷ¿ɲһһһĹ
ֻܷٶȣ޷ܡ

ʱ֮䣬޼սһδεϣȻ޷ƣķƣ𽥼
ҵʵ޷ķûʥʵֻҪﵽǾ·һ
Ҷ޼սĺˣʵǿĺܣʥ񣬽ֻаķݡ
Ҳһ񽣣޼սҶҲϣһ޼ս
֮
˵ķһʱ飬޼սҲļһѪĽ
ͣ
Ҷȴ߶ٶȣʯ䣬˸ںΧһδλӳ޼սѺһӣԷʥʵҶҪһնɱǲܵġ
ǻĥˣˣܣҶЧֻܰʮ֮ѾѪģƴҶȶԿΪʥܾȥ
һ뵶ūѾкնɱһʼʬ壬ȻҪҶȣΪӡ
ʱˣʿҲǰˮ֮УҶһδεĥˣĸҧгݣֽкá
ѾûʥһҿõС
һٶལŰѺˣˣʵﵽҲûʥʵ
˲ѣҼҶĮ˫ۣѾ˵æģңȲѣ
ֻҪشҵ⣬лģҶĮȻ
ͷ
Ҷʵˮǿߣÿ׵·ߣ֪
⡢ʵûа취ÿν׵·ߣ̶·߹ǳʱˮŻһˮ
ͣ
˵仰޼սĽ棬Ĳӣ
㡭㲻ǡ˰ŲӣƺԴţҪ˵ȥ
һ·ˣʳԣ
ſָѺˣ֮С
תһǰʩչ⣬кʬ塢ʬ壬¯֮УȻ磬һΪ˵ʿ
ԺˮҪСģҿԾһΣ޷ǵڶΣ
ҶȰԵ˵ָ꣬һһͰϷӡ飬ᷨӡΪһ磬ÿˣһ籣£ʧȥ
лǰ֮
˻л뿪ǻڸ߿գҶȱϵл⡣
Ҷž뵶ū𽥷ߣɷɳףҶȾͣת߿գԾˡūȥ֮ǰң
ǣˣ
˼ǰȥ
Ҷʩչٶȣˮ֮зС
ǧ֮ҲֻһͼӰδ뿪ˮ棬ԶƿҶµ硣
ǶŮ
Ϊβ뿪
λŮȫԤϲ£ҶȾǰ
ŵλС㣬һһҶȣĵСûȣ˭£ÿСҪȥȥܵ𣿡


1914 
ǹܲţ
⻰ʵĺܺãȷʵûҶȳȥȡ
ŮԵýޱȣһģذף¶ǰΣ㵹֪Ȥÿ
Ҫȥ磿ҶվŲʵ
Ȼܺ棬Ůƺܺˮѹȣ֮ǰʥˣˮ֮УԵɡ
һԭŮһɫӣˮϵƣͷһ޷󷨣ŮԼԱǸŮ͡
ӲƺרΪˮƶɣӵӣˮ֮У󲿷ѹȣֻȴһҪܵˮѹȣһŮб
˵ȥܲţߣŮѾԵøһȡ
ᣡ
˭֪Ҷָһһɽ磬λŮڽ֮УʲôҲû˵ֱŽߡ
㡢㡢۸ˣ۸һֻСŮӣ
£ŮҲҶΪסˣ벻Ҷ£ȫϣ޷磬һģ
۸㣿˭۸֣첻£زµĴС㣡
Ž磬ܿˡūϣȻѺйѽ罻λŮض
Ҷ֪С㣬ģԹ뿪ˮ磬һһˡ
֪£ûо˵ҲˣҶȲܼȣڶţٻλС㡣
λŮȥ֮Ҷ뵶ū˼ǰУֻһṦǾͼһˮɽɽʮССɽǸɽģͷϢ
ɽһϢͷţʵϲ߲֮䡣
Ҷ̷ֲսƻԸΧʮɵū˸
ڵʵ⴦ֱǹҼң
ಣ
Ҷȣ𽥿ȥ
˿̣ʮ½رԵããˮڵʯϿա
ಣ
Ӱһ
ֻʯϿգפ˼
һ꣬ҲǶʮ꣬ԱһɫߣվһԣƺƵġ
꣬ʵӣΣСϢ𣿡
ƻܵϢʯǣϢһʱ䣬Ȼ󡭡
תããˮ򣬻һߣˮʯ򣺡СѾͷƬӣȻǡȥ˺֮ģ
֮̾ǿʧһжˣСȥ֮ģ̫ΣˣҺ֮ıһյĵطʲôĽɫҲУңں֮ģǰҲʱ䣬ͣⷽҵ񣬵ȴƽʱٻָСȥ˺֮ģˣ
Ҿ͵ģСѾͷȥ˺֮ģЩߣҵ£ѾͷҪУѾͷǸԸ񣬶˵ң֮ĸ߲ӣΧЩ֮Уͺ˵ˣ
үҪҪȥÿһߣкңǺ֮ģпǴ̽СϢӦúܿ죡
ˣΪ˼⣬˭ҲϲЩߴ򽻵Ƿһ飬Ҫһ飬ѾͷűӦѸӦϢ֮ӣǵٶȣӦʮ죬Դﵽ֮ģֻҪѾͷûнˮ磬һ£Ϳҵȥˮ硭ǾҪһ򣡡
үɷڵļˮ
Ҳ뵽ˣ
ˮ㿴ߡ
ߵңһֱ뺣֮ˮҲңйǵ̽ӣˣȻרˮ͵͵ץͬ࣬Դ׬ȡ޴棬֮ĵߣΣҵӣΨмˮҴˣΪ棬ʲô鶼ĳצˮСӣпˮ
ˮʵΪǿҪΪ֮ģһǿߣҲпܣѾͷ鷳Ǵ޶޳ܣ֮ģ߶Ը˺ǵüӿٶȣȥ֮ģ
ˮˮˣץС㣬;Ҳߵ˾ͷ
ߣͷƣԭһ𣬿ֲǿߡ
꣬ʩչʥٶȣһǳԽͽλʥԸ߽λʥٶȣ֮ķȥ
ˮ磡
䣡
ɽɽڲͣر𶯣ɽھҡΣһɾڲҪɽſ
붴֮У
СֻǸλϲΪʵ˹죿
ɽ֮УĴų
ҶƯڶǰ棬κһƤǺɫһǰɫȫۼףÿһκܣζŨζ˶ġ
ڶ棬ʿʬ塣
ѾֻʣѪǣѪ⣬ʧȥ
ڨڨҶȣżּɵ֣ʵȻҶϲ񣬲£ռ˶ٱˡ
ҶͷǻҶݡ

һγ֣
գۼ䣬Ҷȵȭͷһͷһ𣬱˼棬һһơ
ɱҶ濹٣ǲơ
ɱ
ͷͻȻһδ󵶣һ׵ƵĹͷǿķƷʴﵽ˵ͽλ
£ͷսһˣ
ڰ׾
Ҷ˺һЩŲæţ߶ԵͨԪӿ˫Ŀһȼףռ䣬һȦ飬Ѷ
򣡡
ӡ֮󣬺ڰ׾͸ı̬
ȼյףΪ˫㣬ǣγһ˵ѭУ˫㿪ʼ
ͣ
ʲôǵ
Ҷϲֱͨ³һɹˮ˫㣬ʱͱɣ˫סǡ
ʼѸ͵ת
̣
ͷ߶ɵڰ׾򶴿ڷȥһƣ˫㲻Ħײγɴ۵ĵ𻨡
ᣡ
ȴ߶ڣеĺڰ׾Ϊһ޴ĴУֱͷ
һ£˫㣬Ħͷƺܿͷŵòͷ򣬼˫㣬һγ֣ƻһδγ֡
䣡
ڣӴĴ򣬰ͷĵĲ࣬Ƿ飬˫㣬عһʱ䣬Ѫڡ
˻ƣ
޼ս
Ҷһ˵Ϸ˫֣ͬʱͷͷ
ͣ
ͷǱըǱ޼ս̴
໣
δ쳤Х˼Ҷ֮УͻأָƽȻѪȡ
ҶȰѶڵıѶһգϴкıõʮԴȾ޾˻֮ʣҶٶ۵ĲƸֿԹٱ
뿪ÿ
սβҶʬԼսҶȻ˴Ԫûˣ̤λϲʵѾҶˡ
ҶϴӾˡūУеĺʬ壬Լֱ֣Ҳһʾ˲Ƹ
֪ʮöûбԴÿ˵Ҳкõ˱Դ
˵֮ҶȾʹǣ뿪ĵɽȻһᣬɽˡ


1915 һʺ
ص

Ҷ˶ʱͣ磬Ȼڳܾ
ɾԶ֮⣬档
ˣӶڲ磬뿪
룬ҶȾ֪˭ڶQ֮ǰŽ磬Ůأ߶ӣ磬üҶȻȵʲô˼ѱС㣬
㣿С㣬㿴Ϊ߽λ񣬾ͲһʥΪⶴ磬ҲŸ߲ܽ㣿
ⶴȼߣȴΧˮľ޴ѹں֮󣬰ⶴγһµѹΪҿ
㻹ʵ㣬㿴㣬ͰⶴˣǺ磬Ū˴󶯾һǿûʱû˾ȵ㣡
ᣡ
һˡū磬ڶڣŮ棬ûȥԻصڣʼС
ս俴ϴ׵Ķ࣬Ƕÿ˴Ӱ죬Ǻܾ˵ġ
С㣬㿴ˣɱ۾գ£ŭ
ŮߵŮͣҿҶˣضŮ˵
ߣƻܣô󣬻¹˭
֪Ů¡
ƻܣ
ϷҶȣȻЦûɣƻܣǻۣʲôʱ޴Ҳǻˣ
㣡㣡㣡
Ůƻܡ벻Ҷ֣ڿüҶǰŭڣ˫ֲһֻСϻ
뵽Ҷֻ
һԣһСƻܣ°ɣҪֿЦСɲȻնɱ˷ԼΪǸӺɷ֪ȸ˼һ磡
ҿɲӢۣԸܣϢһ󣬵Ȼһصˮ棡
ҶȲǻۡ۲ݣʱָƣʵõʱ򣬰ͨ򣬱䡣
ʮͷʬ壬ʮߺʬ壬ҶˡūһʵһΣЩϵĴ䣬ȻҲ౦
߶¯кʬ壬Уʼա
֮ʼĴ䣬ʼܻöٱ
ʮö䣬ʯӵнʮڣˮϵʯ࣬٣ʮѣҴ໹ǺԴıӣѰ˰죬ûз֣籾Դʧ
ϼеıһ𣬲ʮʯ£һͨ˵һʷ֡
ʮϵĴ䣬ͳͳ
һʥ񣬼񣬼߲ӵеıػܾˡ
ҪõЩҲףҪƽʥϵĽƣҲҶ깦򣬻Լ߲
ʮ꣬ƽнơ
ͬʱ¯ȼգʮʱ䣬Ͱкʬ壬һſӣҶͨ壬зָ뵶ū
һʮö䣬ƯҶǰ
Ƚʥ֮С
ǸСʯȻжʮ֮࡭
ʯҶȺܳԾֻһһλʥû뵽ƿ֮ʯ
һͽλʥ񣬲ܴﵽ˶ʯΪˮǿߣ͵ĹȻҪһʥ񣬸׬ȡʯ
ʯ౦ʯֱﵽ֮࣬ҲһٶЩѰؼҲһ֣Ȼι״Ҳ֮ࡣ
ڱʯ֮УѰû籾Դ
һʧûκαԴ
գôʯʯҲһɾ˵֣ʮˣˮݺĽɫһڣӦûвٱ
ʮͬʱÿһö֮С
֮ķҲס
˼֮Ҷš
ʮö䣬ʯӵһʮ£ô˵һ֣ڱʯ࣬ʯҲʮ֮࣬ȻҲһǧڸҲмǧ֮ࡣ
ˣû뵽ˮЩǿߣһСǵĲƸۻͲʯκռıʯѾ´࣬Ҳ˵ʮ˷ħԼԴƾռʯԼ౦Ѿ㹻ˣ
ƣ
ཨ׬ȡʯҪʮʱ䣬ͨնɱԼ˷ӣ׾ͻ˾˵ĲƸʵզࡣ
ֲãʿ磬֮࣬ɱԽ
Ȼ޺Ʋҹݲʡ
ͨɱʵӵôƸһʯЩƸ޾ˣı
¸Щ䣬ӵеıʯ֮УѰû̺ԴϢı
߶һɹʱһöö֮УɳһƬƬʯԼ
γһɽʯ·ƯϷ
ͷŸӦб
ͣӦһ졣
ˣ
ӦһʱͻȻһϢҶ˸Ӧһһĵ壬
ǡ
ץסһһķġȻԵ
Ҳ˵һԵ鷨
߶ںϷ֮Уʱ洫˵ĵϢ˵һķϧȻˡ
ϸϸӦͨ͸ڿƷʣһ񼶱Ĳ˼

磬ǲĴڣȻķҲ㣬ӦԶŴսǿߣɱ磬ǿɱ֮󣬷Ҳ飬׹޾֮С
ˣԶŴսǺĲң
ϧģ޷ֻյĵʧɣ
ѷ¯֮У¯ĵıҲջΪɵʮ־ˣ㹻Ҷλϲ
ϾķָôһС飬̺Ҳʥ
Ӧ
񵤣Լ񵤡
ʮҶȴӲȱϣΪЩϣͨӶǿеĴ䣬ȡģ⼸նɱôõĸ̫ˣ񵤣㹻ˡ
һ񵤣Ҫ˶ٲϣǧ꣬ҶȶõĲ⡣
ڶ֮Ув̺ϢУ񵤵òϡ
ȣ
ҪӦ뱦ʯͻȻ䣬һǿҵıԴϢҶǿӦײһ
һץһӡһɳ
ӡӵϢһﵽĺˣõıȻ󳹵׷ӡ
͸ӡҶȾͼһ龧ʡ
ֻӴСɫһϽɫ͸ģ·𾭹𣬲ŵôһ㡣
̺ıԴϢʵھˣôһ飬ͳӾ޾ʮһıԴϢҪǿʢһЩ


Ȼֻһ㣬Ʒ֮ߣںϴǧͼ´ǧͼֱӻﵽ߲Ʒʡ
ʵ֤ÿ˶Լˣһܵõ˱ԴϧûⱦΪԴˮ֮Уֻᵮһ𣬿µߣҪںϴǧͼУҲҪʮʱ䣬ﵽ߽λʥҲֻ꣬Ϳ
ϸϽˮʣ̫ˣʲôֻҪ̺˾˵ıԴҶ˵պǧͼ
ǧͼƷʣҲ֮󣬵һγҶȵΪ


1916 еū
һʺƣ
ҶȼϽټӦıʯһЩ̺ϢҲûзı
Щʯкı
ֵﵽ˰֮࣬ϽļֵҪﵽʮڣ򲻵ı
߶бͳͳʯͬһö䣬ؼʯ벻֮ͬС
֮һһ¯ƯҶǰ
ڲǧͼȼգ͸ž˵ǧͼô꣬ھ֮Уϵؽں֮ǰӾ޾ıԴƷѴﵽλϲ
ҶȾҪϽУɷڻɴǧͼںϣ̣ûʱ䣬޷ɵġ
꣬磬Ҳֻˣ
Ͻ㿪ʼȼա
ǧͼƷʣһжɣҶ뿪ͨռ䣬Ƹ񵤣ͬʱעǧͼ
֮У
ūˣ֮ǰҶӣһԾٶȻָţϽѪǵʵȻʼ֮ǰ
Ҷȣӣϵӡ֮ԼֵҩȻָһԪҲﵽλ״̬
ˣڸ뿪
ҶһֱƲƻǰ
ƻҲڱĿۼΪһ۸ڶģû˵֣εϧ
ŮͣҶ뿪磬ȻҶͷһ磬ˣ뿪ڰˮ硣
һʱ֮Żһ˴ˮ
С㣬ԺӣʧҶת뿪뿪֮ǰǴں⣬һ䡣
䣡
Ҷ벻ƻͻȻһ
ҶȸһʰķӡΪԲΣͻȻסΧһɰʣҶȰ
ߣⶨ䣬ֻǴﵽ߽λ񣬿Ϊô͵ѵһ£ģ֮Զʧģ
ƻܴģҶǰҶȴʱͬһ㣬޷һ£ƻܣˡ
ǻۣƺһƵģ
û뵽Ȼһ죬ᱻһ桢編Ůˡ
ԣ˲ܹ⿴ƻûжĻ̫࣬޷³뷨Ҷĵ
䣿죬ҪСʱҾ
ҶȲżʼ߶ն
Ҳʽ壬ƶɣɣҲɣҶȻһʧ
ȻʯǵңҪԽ磬¸Ѿ֮ңǧҪغϢ
ʱƻŮͣ
С㣬ȥˣ̫ˣϴǲͱūˣŮ͸ͬ⡣
޷ıƻ⣬ֻһŮͣ󻹻ᱻƻܺȳһʵ
һ
ƻܴ߶ͷһˮϵ磬ٴԾˮ棬һðݣʧ
ǲ֪ߵغ񣬿һΣͷʵʵʯǣ
ܼȣΪԺʲô
һ뵽ŮӣУҪΪūеĹߣʵҶ޷ܡԹȥٴ߶
ʱֻǰ㹦ΧʯʧˣҶȻָɣתĵĻӣʱ֮С
ƻʮ·רΪƶɣʿõѹ֮Уһ̶ȵɼԦٶȣʱѾˮ򣬶һ֪ȥʲôλ
Ưˮ磬ҶڷˣΪʧȥƻܵϢŸӣĸӦҲֻܸӦһΧ
ֻܴ߶龻֣
龻֣Ҳܺܿ죬ܸӦϢ
߶һ磬Ҷ龻֣ʼããˮ磬ӦƻܵϢ
ʮ
ҶֹͣӦǰˮ򣺡С㣬ﲻȥƫƫ֮ĺشȥȻֵƿصĵؽ磬ȴҲһЩȽϴĺ
Ҷ̼ٸȥ
ңԶˮ硣
ʯȺ֮С
ߣʲôµģˮǣûСֲºڣ
ƻܱһȦպһ˴СĽţԳһٶȣǰһˮɽȥ
һ첻£زµӣǸպһëëһˮŵֱǺСҺ֪Ȥˡ
һᣬҪԽɽ֮ϡ
ڴ˿̣ɽ֮ϳһ̳Ա
ƻܷٵݣ̳˷ܣƺ׼һ̳ʱȴ棬ʮͷ
ڼ⣬һ齸ʯ棡
̽ͷؼΪﵽĺ̳һ̳̳ڲĺˮʧΪһտռ䡣
ֳּͷڷ̳ʮͷɽһɺĺۼ֮ء

ǿڷ̳룬γΣ
ʱʮͷѹʮʿԣʮ굽ʮ£ǻ˺ֽۣŶţקţ޷
£
ž
ʮӣ뷨̳룬һͷһģ¡һεعڵϣһͷҿһ¡
ҿһͬЩūߣǮūгģ
ǿߣ¶ѪЦݣк˵һȻͻȻͷһ⣬ɨʮ
ն
һͻȻץһ󵶣౳󣬸߸߾󵶣ľײеȥ
ͣ
⣡
ʯ棬ƻһֱ̣ڣû֮ǰĺ棬ŵúɫҲ
ΪͬȻԴȻȿʼ˵裬һϣһδ࣬˺֫ŤԴʼԡ
ˡ
ƻԽû˺һĻ֮С
ЩɱƻޱȣŨҵŭһˣɱϷ̳
Ȼ棬³ç֪ʵȫǶԷĶ֡

һᣬƻҪ뿪ּŮӣȻϷ̳
ǿĺŮǰϡﻩͰλŮϵ·ǵһʣ
ҵסϷŮӣ˱ǵӣֱǷҾ徵ĽһŮӣֱҧ
ȴûзŹʬ壬ײеļ
ͷй֮һϡ
Դ󷢣ĥһŮӣġźȴãǵӣѲٸɾ
ҡҪɱȺ
ƻ࣬޷һĻƣҪɳʯ
ס֣
ͻȻһֻ֣Ӻ󷽣סļ
ǼʱϵҶȡ
Ҫɱƻţһ޷
ҶĿڷ̳֮ϣǲҾ御ɥʧһĻȻ䣬һѪʼ
㲻ӲÿЩ̫пᣬļ˲ЩΪãӴ飬Ҳ޷صǰĪ
ҶȴʱѾû˿У·һɲ


1917 ǿǿ
ء
ƻܾҶȵ棬Ƹӡ
ˣ
㹦
һȺӰӺˮ磬ٷ
ǵūˣ
ǰɽʮͷͷͷΪﵽλ񣬲öԸҸСģúϻ֮ΧΧǣ
ǣ
Ҷˡūһٴζƻڽʯ󷽣κ飬Ҫ
ž뵶ūɽķϰΧɽϷˮ
̳֮ϣһںˣִʮӣƺҪǻԵ
ɱɱɱ
˿̣Ҷںܰ·ЩŹ
ޣҲ㣬ҪԶپͳԶ٣ðѴ£
ҲҪսҶȵʵ޷Щ޵ģһβǵɱΪЩں£Լ۵Ůͬѩޡ
򣬹ʥǹ
ӡ
޾䣡
ɽϷҶȴ߶
Ȼǿͨʥǹһѣѣϴ򣬶ǹʥǹ
ҲԼ֮УԼū̺Ȼ߶ȣȻﲻ񣬵ǸͨȴúԶԿ
ͻͻͻ
߶ߣͻȻһ׹
˫ʮݺݵ
һʱ䣬תĹʥǹӡԼаѪɫСֱ֣׾޴Ĵ򣬻Ϸ
ˮɽͣζʮͷͽλ߲ɱʣµĸ߽λ߲Ҳܵһش
δʧһֱɽתʥǹһشɱҲˣҲ޷ƽ򣬼ԴݻٹʥǹµĹʥǹϱ
ɱ
ͷŶʮΪﵽ߲۷ĺЩ˵ĺϷ
꣡
һӡ֮кȻһһ糤ޣˮص

ڰͻȻðһ߲ݺݵһײͰѺײѪ¾ͰѺײȻСβͣʼʳżһͷ
С
˶ڶԿӭɱľԼū
ΪǿȴƯ룬ǸӦԼ˵ǲûжв
λʵλĽλ̫࣡
һͷǿߣɺʬ壬ٿȻŭʱһϷһƬˮΪһֻ֣ץȥ
ٿ
СβһڣȻƾˮʧ
ͣ
Ȼ
ڿƺˮʩչĺԼ֮УŭѰ֮ʣһˮ֮⣬ͻȻüģһ
ѪüĵԣˮâҲһ
϶
һλȻϢͱնɱ߶̺ˮʱɢնɱĺ

ˮΪ̵ĺ֮ʣҲ࣬ײʲô壬Ҷȴбɶ
ԭǸպΧҶȣû뵽λ߶ٶȣ˾ˣ޷ܣպñײС
ɱҶܣ
һͷȥĺʬ壬ת׹⣬ҶȣȻһˮС
ಣ
ҶߣɲߣҪͷһͷһͷԸλһҪԸ̫ˡ
ɱɱĺã
Զʯ󷽣
ƻܲŷȭһȭһȭնɱˣ㵸ΪҶȵ˵ģǿˮ磬̫ˡ
Ѿͷ
۾񣬶ˮɽϷս۾գʱ󷽾ȻһӰ
⡭磡
ƻͻȻΨΨŵŵתͼһӢӣҲܺˮѹȣһߣ󷽡
С㣬û¾ͺãƻʩ
Ѿͷ̫ˣҵҪҵ㣬治ףһȥˮ磬޷ʱȥֵܵĵ̣˵ʵˮ磬νûж֣
꣬˵
磬У㿴ЩˣɱΪںµͬ𣬽ȸͬΣҪƽ뿪
ƻܴʱȴһģתɽϿա
꣬Ҳ˵ʲô˽ԼãǾʲôҪͷ治ס
ߣһ࣬ɽͻȻһЩģ࣬Ϊ̺
ɫǰø֮ͨ⣬Ϣү㿴ǲǣûд߶κηںˮ֮Уսͨս˵ĵز
Ҳ֪ǵʲôˣ֮Ǿ˲ͬСãɱȳͬҪһ㣬ҪЩͳͳɱΪ߱𣡡ƻһԹһɱغȵ
һֱ֮УȻƻܣһĨ⣺ѾͷҲʶĲпһ棬࣬½֮ϣߣˮǵжԵģȡǵأΪˮҲռǵĵ̣ˣӵԣ˵ֱӵ㣬ҰޣУʳūô꣬ҳˮ򽻵䲻ֶ֪Σһֱ㣬֪һΪðɣ
šƻԵ䡣
Щʲôĺ磬ͬӣΪնɱū˾ʹһͷȭߣŰ˵Щˣ
ֿԱ߻ߣЩˣȻžֶΣ޷͸ͨΪϲսֵزѲף
ү˼ףҪ֣ҪУѸٽкҲҪκϢֵץѱԺˮ⣬ҲܴܵӰ죡ߣ˼
ƻͻȻһƳ磬ʲô㿴˼ңϲȴȻ֣һʥѵû㵨ӣ
Ѿͷͬ˵ﻰûһɱһ޲ðѺʵ̫СˣԺ׸Ĺ˼ɣ
𶯣
ƻһδζߣͻȻ߶ϵӣڽ籣£սˮ
ţ
׷ɱҶȣͻȻܵ΢ʿϢڿͨӦӦһˣƻ̺Ϣһģһġ
ƻܵļˣҺòǵˡ
øΪˣΪʥ񣬶ҳ˺ˣԼƽܡҶȰԾ֮УȻˡūСģϾͻб仯
׷꽣
ͻȻӺˮʮ񽣣
һ׽󣬶ǲͬ񽣣ɵһַ󷨡
ͣ
ȻҲܵˮѹȣϾﵽʥĸ߶ȣҲ࣬ӵѹȣȻһ
ҲֻǸ߲
ʥ񽣣ޱȵһͷͷϣʱд

Է̫ˣҶȶһں
ĸ֣
ˣͷϷ򣡡
ߴһҶȣϢκˣֱλɱ


1918 Ҹ
ȻԷҪԸͷѲĺҶȰͲüˣ߶֮ߣٿȻʧ
Ŀռͨ
߼ҶͻȻʧ˫üһʥ߽λΪʶѿҶȾȻƿ˶ĽĿռͨ
࣡
λҶߣֻͷһߵʵȻѪ˫ͫȻǰˮ򣬼ȥ
ն
һ׹⣬Żָһץָ䣬ȵȻֻβӰĺһָ
ʥ˵ƣȻȻ󱻺ˮѹѹȥһ룬ʣµһҲﵽʥܸߵĵز
ȣ
׹׼ȷк˼£ˮ·ȥ
ҶȻŹһλʬ壬д߶ߣȥû߲ע⣬ʬϯʬ壬Ҳ඼õ
Ȼ
սĻ뵶ūƯˮһһ棬ҶҲһ
磬ɱʹ죡
ƻܴӽʯȺɳȫɱʹġ
һץһɽ磬·ɽȥʮūӣǰȻƻܻһԣҶȣӷ֪´
ҶȣŰˮҶȱȭ
Ȼƻܵĸ磬ʹԺ֣ҶһնɱôҶȶӷҲ߿һۡ
˲ΪǿƷԸ
Ժ׷ϣҶֵСվȸǣշأ
ӷȻһߡƻܣʮȵūӣˮ
ӷСС䣬ʵǿΪȻﵽʥ߽λ˵ǰˡŽλǿߣ
׷ң
ʮ֮ĹŽ׷Ҷȶԣ̫İ˿˽⣬ңӷƻʵҶȻС壬ӷ͸һɰ
׷һһĴ塣
ʱЩԺңûɨսʣĺʬ壬ͳͳѰȻˡūʧɽ
ص뵶ūʼУָƣһս̫⣬Һʵ֮ǿҶһʴ˾뵶ūܵƣǰλҪأҶȼʱӣԼ֮ܿסƣȫָ
ҶȣҲļΪ˵ûܵش֣֮о
䣬кˡԼõĺʬ壬ʮߣһͬ¯֮УƳһſֳɵӣȻָ뵶ūһսʱǿУԼʱ̷
Ҫôʬ壬ΪӣҲǶʱɵģ
ʮŽ׷½رԵ֮ˮһһЩΪƫƧ֮ء
ʯǣ
׷ˮһСĳǳء
ǳ֮ڣһҾ¥ĳ䷿䡣
һīˣ͸̨Զ޾ˮ

ʱƻܵ
ת£ӷսսƻܣ䣬ƻܿҲҿһۡ
ҵƻܵģ
Ҳδ࿴ƻһۣöŭӷ
ӷʩ񣬶˳˾⣺ں֮ˮһˮҵõģ
㻹еӣȥˮ磿
˽һŭƻܣƢ֪ߵغƽʱڼ壬ģ㣬㴳˶ĻΪԻ㣬ˮң׷һ壬ˮҲһ̫Сˣ˵ңˮǰҲǵ֮أ
֪󣡡Ϊ磬ӷ߳һΪƻǰһ͡
ˣҲƻܵɫֹ֮ǰˣȷǲһˡ
һʹܺ棬ӷãһ첻µز£ôһӾ֪ڸˣ
Ȼƻκ֮֮Уʲô
ȫת䡣
Ѿͷγ֮ģˮǿߣã˼УһȺǿߣ磬ã·һϲ񣬽ɱ˼ˮĸ֣ѾͷһͬںѾͷ˵飬߶䣬͵Ϯ˼ңǱˮ磬֤˺ζԴһĻ
ӷţ龭
ͫ˸žɫֿƻܣⷬ˽ҳߣˮһУ㶮ˣ
ƻ֪ˣϧƻûǸҪѺɱɾƻ²ûжٿ־壬һ㵸

һĻŭҲʧˣȻʵ棬ע⵽ˣ
ҲһֱµȥȾǼˮһ⣬漰ˮģˮ޶ʮһСˣû뵽䵱˷ӣɺޣ
ʲô˶У֮ģֹһ˷ӣȻֹһˮ
һ˵ǸΪҶȵϲ񣡡
к֮
˻£͸֣δ̫࣬صˮ棬йϸϸĥһλϲ񣬽Ϊѣˮ򣬶ˮµ磬ˮѹȣ
ȷ̫ͬѰճʥȥ涼Ҫܵ˵ѹȣˮ磬ʥͬϲ񣬸߲һСһ㣬㿴ĺУ
ӣӷ͸
ˣΪҶȵϲ񣬾ˮ磬ͷŹͨͷųͨûܵѹȣԽΪﵽ˾˵ĸ߲֮ʵԽʵ̫ˣλϲ񣬾ȻӵнӽʵֱԽ˸߲һ磡ӷ䣬͸Ų˼飬Ŀ飬Ҳһ𺳡
㣬ֻͣ
ָͷ渵һϲһʮţţһԽʥĴڣһѹ;磬ˮ򣬲֪ʲôͼ
õһЩǵڶ
˵ƻһֱǱˮ磬Ͳʲôԭ򣬷һϲĻһֱΣյˮ磿˿ڶֿԾ͸Щ޷͸ѣ
һΪ
ǺǣǾΪԶԶΪˮ磬ȻҪܵѹȣǰڣĻٵǿݺˮ򣿻ֵܡâΪɱࣿͬ
ʧһܣ
ֻƶϣӱϿ߿Դ󣬵ΪãһֿԸ󣬴ּǿߣǲˮ磬ԸһЩͼģǿߣҶȵˣһˣɱԭ򣡡
Īһϲ񣡡
ӷס
ϲ񣬲ӵнӽʵݺˮ磬ͨ죬ʥǿߡ
˵ţ
ԼѾ׷ţǱʲô
˵пܣһϲ񣬷ˮΪԺ󻹻ں֮ģҪˣѰҴˣ£˽Ǳɹ˵һвǱ߽λǿߣԼĴܣڱ㻯֮Ҫ˶ദȥѰ
ˮأҪҪȥɱ


1919 ˵С
ˮ
΢΢һмһЦֻǸСɱףȻֵܣɱã죬ңˮˣ㵹ʱȥնɱˮ
ֵĺ
ټˮԣˮֵֻܣʵǿδﵽ񣬿ֵһκβǣǵõ󶴸չˣ˭ǣ

ʵѴﵽŵĵزЩǿʥ⣬ûĶ֣ˮһƬˮˮʵϣ̸ڣ˭ҲСӣк־ҪøԶУΪǿޱȵģΪҲֻǸ֣ĸ֣ûۼģ˵Щˣǻȥɣ
վһƳӷڳĬһ԰ޱȵĶӣĴ
֮ģˮ磡
ϰ꣬Űˮʬ壬Ϊٿӡ
֮У
¯ͨȼգڵٿӣȫǿʬ
Ҷֿǧͼ
ǧͼƷʣѴﵽ߽λϲ񣬶һڲϽһϽԴȻ̺޷Ԥϵ
ͨʱ䣬Ʋ񵤡
뿪䣬Ҷȱӣƽ뵶ūÿ˼ܵõ˿ӣҶԼҲһЩԱһΪĿǰѿҪﵽλ״̬Ҫһʱ䣬ܴﵽ۷塣
ϴۻ˰ʯκ٣֪жٱ
֮УҶһռ䣬ץһƬ⣬Ưʮö䣬նɱռġ
ʮͷıȻʮ־ˡ
߶һں򣬿ʼɴϵĽһҪôഢƣҲһ󹤳̡
ʮ꣡
ع鱾һ⣬ʮö䣬Ưڶա
ƱԽˣҶ뵶ūʵͽԽ졣
ʮ׷׽봢䡣
һʱ䣬ҶȼʯԼʯ
ȱ˵ߴʮͷΪϲ񵽸߲䱦Ͷľˡ
ȻѸ౦￪ʼࡣ
ʯϷһö֮Уֱʯͳͳ֮ҶҲһŪжʯ̲ס̾ʯ࡭ڰʯﵽ֮࣡
ʯ
֮УֻʿõóʿܣǴﵽʥ߽λ⻹Ǽٵʥõĳ֮ǰõİʯʯ
ʥѾûпܣóʯ
ҶȶоһѪȵӿ
ʯҪ½أö꣬ռ֮ı
ˮ磡
ȷͬ½磬Ϊˮ磬½سû׹ˮ磬ȻܸռʯУЩūɱ֣Уֵõٵʯ
Щʥ̫ϵӣҲûһӵҶȵĲƸ֮࣬ǳ̫ӵӵĴڡ
ֿʼʯ
һϡﻩ
бʯʮö䣬ӿͬһö䣬ڷ֮УҶҲڲͣļ㡣
֮󣬴ڼװ˱ʯ
ʯﵽǧ֮࣬ʯĻҲʮ¡
ռҲϳ֣ߴǧһǧǴ²ʥ֮Ʒʣû
ʣؼ
ؼǧ֮࣬һǺ

ȻʺУȴͬʼС
һһģҶںµ֮Уû籾ԴϼΣһ﷢֡
һΣܴ󣬱Ͼڶ࣬һͷõһɣ
Ӵ䣬һ
ʱ״ӿ֣ǱҶҪģطͬһö֮С
ˡ
Ȼ䣬һö䣬ոӿһҶȸӦ͸Ӧ֮У˱ԴϢңҪ
Ҳ˵һб
ֻ֮УһȭͷСɫʯˣ
ʯˣ
Ҷûȷһʯˣʯ˵̵һʮ£پµСк̺ȻҶȾãʯ˾һĺӡ
ʯ˱һйϵģ͸ϲ
򵥵˸֣֮У͸һŨŨİ⣬֪ʯ˴ڶ꣬Щģһְ־
֪ǶõʱһԸĸ͸ԼӵһϧԸĸСкջʧڼԪĶ֮УʯˣȻˮ磬У
дͬҲԼĸŨŨ顣
¸ĸģɴʯˣѸܵ
ʯ˲֪ʲôɣϵϢ
ٹʯԼʯ˱ʣһ̺ŨϵԴϢı̺Ȼɳ١
ɳʶʯˣֻ״̬
ֻһͣʯ˵Ĳʣ߶ȴﵽҶ޷˽ĸ߶ȣԽгʯʵĸ߶ȣƷѲҶȿԴġ
ñôһʯˣ㹻ӤģϴδӾ޾õļӤ°ʯ̬֮Ӧûɳɣ
õһбӤԽǿԽ죬Ҷȿʩչͨ͸ףΪߵĿܣӾˡ
ʱʯ˷һ࣬Ӻ䣬ո
ȻǱԴı񵤣ƷǲƸ
ЩԼбʯֵܼѾﵽ˰ڣټ֮ǰʯҶõİʯõ񵤣ں֮ˮѾռʯ
ˮ磬̺ķḻ̤࣬ˮ磬Уȥ޷ˮݺᡣ
ӷƻǣӵһԿˮѹıˮ磬ǵĹͨȻҪܵѹȡ
޾ˣȻǸϲһˮ磬ݺ꣬Ȼõٵı
뵽޾ˣӵеĲƸ֪Ҷȶٱ
ѰңȻûҶҪı
ܿ죬һ֡
һҶȵǰһʯƬ
ƬСȭͷСһʮԲһԵۼƬ֮УͨŨҵϢʹñԴϢҲȽŨҡ
Ȳʯ˵ʮ֮һ
µõֱԴѾջķᣬʣҶҲû룬ӵѾջ
ˣ
ڴ󲿷ֺ䣬ﶼøɸɾ֮ʣȻһϲĴ֮УһɣǿҵϢͬʱҶڣӡĵϢʼ˵ķ
ѵԵı
Ϣ
ȻֵıȻԵ
ԶŴսʱɱ磬ݺᷲ硢ɽ磬жٵǿսǵķ䡢ʬ壬׹ڲͬʱ֮С
ˮ֮ռ˭Ҳ֪֪ˮ򣬷ǳԶŴսȻеʿ䡣
ˮ磬ӵеı٣Ӧ÷ǳ֮࣬ǰãҶȲŵõһĪҪõһ
ǿڴһץʱһźӰҶסˡ
ʲô˾ˣ


1920 ̫ħزڤ
ӰϷһһܴںںʯ
Եʯ
ҡҡͷӺ棬˵һֵĵʣڳҶǰ
Ȼһʯ
ںںʯɶ೤߶ȣﵽߣһںںʯ
ϸϸźʯ棬ڻɫʯʣҶãһʯϸһȴǺʯʣ֮Уˮ̺Ļ硢ʿ긲ǣһ㣬һظںʯ֮ϡ
տǺʯһ֡
ʳﵽںϵزǶγɵģʯпܣԶŴսʱڣ׹ˮԵı
˲䣬ҶʮȷʯԶŴսʱڣԵʿˮı
Ҷȵĺģϵôʯʲô
˾ˣ
ϸϸһȷʯΧźһˮʮּ̣Ӳȴﵽʥ߶ȡ
ϲõʱȻ֪ǸҲ뾡취Ҫƿʯõıϧϲﲻʥʵ
ˮ
һץˮ֮С
ҪԿ˼ӲĳһУǿҲŪҲԵ鷳ֱܳӲˮ
ͣ
һȵĻǣһƴСһ׵ĳʣˮȻǳ㡣
ⲻżҶһʼСӶˮٶȿˣȴˣһŪıǾ鷳ˡ
ţʯڵıӲȻܳˮôʯǳˮĴڡ
ȣ
㲻ϵذ룬𽥵ģҶڼһɫʡ
ʯʣǷΪʱ棬͸ŵĵӡЩӡƷеġ
ʯһ
죬Լаָͷĳ㣬ȫɾ
Ҷϲ뼤һ𺳣뾪
ΪΣȻȻһڹ餣
ײģҶȼ٣һڹײģֻԵĹײģǰһˣӵһſĹͷ­̣βˣʲôûС
ϸϸһſĹͷ­ںģ޷͸ҲʲôޣƻǴ˵еѡ
֮һֵĹײģ
ͷײı棬һЩɫģͷŵĵϢҶͨӦͷײĵƷʣ޷͸֪ײ棬ûеʿʬ壿ֻǣⱾһ
뵽ͯϣȼƷʣ˵ܸܵײĵƷʡ
һֳͯһģһףǰ죬֪ٻ⣬ͷײġ
ãҡҡͷˣū編֪ԣԵĶʿ֮Щ飬ҲһȻҿƷʣˣԿ϶Ʒʲū֮£
Ҳڵķ
ԹԣĪѰˣ
Ȼͯ޷ôֻһ취
ԵıֻеϢԴ߶ΪͷײĵƷʣͯϿɣҶ޷Ľƣֻϣӵ飬Ժڰ־ӳ˯֮ѡ
ͯϻص֮С
Ȼ⿪ӡ߶޼˻ף޼˻׵Ϣ׹⣬ҶΧ˸
ˡ
Ϣδͷײģ֪ײƺѸӦ˵Ϣ˵𶯡
׹⣬ҶΧ˸ҶһָһһɴСĺڰ𽥵ͷ׹⣬Ӵͷײģ
ѵһص˵
ٿȻһֵ׳
Ȼ飡
һıǼ񵽴󱦱ˡ
ҶȵһɣﲻǵȻ磬ֻӵеˣ
ʿӵе
ͷײĵ飬ԵΪ㵣º٣ҵʼǶģ磬ڰ磬ʿԸ߾ʱո߶ȵ̬ҵǺڰ磬֪ǲഴ񣬵磬ڰâļ£ûʿںϣ㿴żȻõ˵ܿơʹһֵ˶ɣ
ԵúܲмҲĵ⡣
ˣ
ʱڰ־ŵ׹⣬Ӵͷײġ
ͷײĵ飬Եø߸ϣںҶһʿźڰ־٣ͷײһξҵĺ
ǡ
ͷײ飬ľ̾
ͬʱҶҲµеȣͷ飬ϳ˺ڰ֮죬˵ͷײĵƷʣӦòͣ򲻻֮죬͸Ӧ֪ڰ
ǲĳͷ֮ҵϵߣڰ˵ڰ˵־ܳ磡
㲻ʿ㶨Ȼǵʿ
ͷײķһ󾪺Ȼҡһ䣬ͷײģΪһ۵ӣҲʮֱ꣬ͦν˶𺳵̧ͷڰһɲǣ¡һޱȵĹ
ǿ飡
źӳ֣ҶȸовҲһвʵޱ޼ʣӦ飬ﲻĸ߶ȡ
ΰˣ
ڰ˾⡣
㿴ңǵʿʿһԵҶȣӶ𣬻һץ˺ڰ֮ϡ
ɲǣҶȵ֮⣬һף£ͷŵĶǵ
ɹ£վܣܣôܵõڰ˵ĴУʿڰ˵־ôѡ㣿
ҶȵʵԭҲ޷ش㣬֮ڵɽʱ͵õ˺ڰĴУ
꿪ʼĬþöû˵һ֡
Ҷȿóܾɥ𾪣ֺ⣬ƺһֱţΰΪΰѴУʿϡ
Ҷʣȱ˵ңʲôӦԶŴսǿɱһԵǿߣʹùķ
Ȼõڰ񴫳У㵽״磿ڻشҶ֮ǰʵ
⣬ʵңԻشҴδ⣬ҿԸ㣬ӵеҾʹ磡
áõǵΰ󴫳е㣬Ը㣬ҵ
ӣһγĬһκܶݣҶȵ˵ĲҵȷԶŴսҵˣΪزǵʮһߣҲǽ
ز
ʮ
ҵֻȥһ㡢㡢δȥôεĵ硭ˣزǾܣ
ҵˣʮǿ֮һҲǵõʮ˲־ʮĴڣ뿪磬ҵˣܻս磬ڵ޵еģ
⻰ţ
һ䣬εȵĴڣҶȶ޷󣬶һʮµĵ硣
ϧǿ磬ҲҪƣԶŴս֮սʬ塭û£

ǰոƵķںϣΪ̫ħزڤסƷʴﵽλ˴㣬ʮһʱյģϧպԶŴս磬û뵽˻սҲ֮׹ټʱ֮У
ӣдĻش


1921 ū
λ񡭡
̫ħزڤף
ҶһۣȻǶλƷʣ
ӵеı֮У˴Ԫ⣬ûȼıһڷĩֵģǿԪʼҶһֱûȥоΪԪʼı޷
ǰ̫ħزڤףȻǶλ
̫ħزڤףˣزεΪʱҶʳһ̲ס뷨
̫ħزڤԺش𣺡ҵˣزһλԪʼ񣬽Ԫʼ꣬ߣΪʮ䣬ʮ˵ʵӹɣʮ˲磬˵ʵͲʲôԪʼ񣡡
Ԫʼ񣡡
̫ңԶˣҶҡҡͷֻ̾Ϣ
˵Ԫʼ񣬾ʥ񣬾ңԶ滹
ԪʼˣɵãҶһֱ棬ԶŴսʲôˣǰἰ
ǸдʵԶŴսǺεȵ
̫ңԶˣʱĽͨţĽͨͨͨȥ硢ɽ硢磬ǵЭ飬ʿ磬ԶŴսԭҲʱոյʶӤ޷ȥ䣬ڿҵ̬֮жﵽģȻԶŴսԭҲ֪һϡǵˣĳ
˵õߵķּıҲƿصʱգе֣̤Ľͨӷ翪ʼһ·ͨɱɽ磬Ȼ磬ɱɱٵ󣬶սʵڲң˵Ĳ£һһսֱһˣҲû˺һյּһս󡭡
Ԫ֪ԶŴսʤˣǵ̫ħزڤ̾Ϣ֮󣬷Ҷʵ
ҶҡҡͷҲֻ֪һС󣬶ԶŴս̫ƾˣ֪ģҲֻЩ񣡡
Ľͨ𣿡
Ľͨ
ʮ٣
ҶȲܸԼӵʮ٣ĽͨԶŴսһʧڵ硢ɽ硢磬ûĽͨ
⾿һʱ̫ħزڤ׾þö޷ع͸İ
ˣӦöԺڰر˽ɣȻõĴУȴ˽
ڰסˣҲûֻΪڣû˲֪ںڰˣֻţڰˣΪϡ
ϣ
ⲻڤһϣ
ѵйأ
̫ħزڤֵҵһϣǵߣͳģҵˣڣ´ڵļ䣬֮Уֻʮ˲ÿһǵģڰǲģȻҲϵĺȻôܴĳͽ䣡
ϡ󣿡
һʱԺһٻӰڤҲǵһԱʮ˲ҶȺʱʵŵԣ뿪磬˯ֻڴһǿгһգںϣȥ㣡
һŮӣҶʼղԸȥ̫࣬룬ûĳŵΪûʵ֣һ⡣
𣡡
Ȼ䣬뵽ˣڵǿߡ
Ǹֻ꣬Ƕŵһһ綼ˡ
Ǻεȵʵ
ﵽҶȣʱȻѣǸ𣬿󣬶ϣʵ֪ﵽ񣬻ǡ
꣬Ǹˣ
ֻ꣬һţģ
ӵʵ绹Ǿ̫ңԶ
̫ħزڤף˯ô꣬ӦҲҵһλµ˰ɣ֪ţҶȰѻ⡣
ĪҪΪҵˣ̫ħزڤһ
Ҳʺ㣬ﻹһλӵеϢ
Ҷȼ̴һŻһϢĵūҶǰ
̫ħزڤһūԵ벻м԰һͼٵͼ󣿡
ԵɽˣĪҪСڣŲ
˵꣬ҶȾūס
꣡
ūֻ˫ͫĿ⣬øĮȻ˫ۡţС֣һɹаƣϴӣ
ӵаϢⲻҵ磬̫ħزڤ׾㵵

䣿ŹԶʱڣ֮Уһǿߣųơ֮񡯣ʵǳǿڵʢû뵽ǿߣҲˣкˣõĴУ
̫ħزڤףԶԵū࿴
Ϊ߼ȻԸ⣬ѡһܵˣūӵеȻͼǱѾԽˡ
Ҷ̫ħزڤף̫ħزڤףȻҲ֪ǸоĵҲūõ֮Ҳ֮У̺ӵͬϢҲһԵ֣Ϊڣȫѡˣû˿Ա㣬Լѡ񣡡
̫ħزڤûлشѡĬʱūȴ˵ˣūûҲˣƽĽ磡
֪Ҷȵͷ
С̫ħزڤף̫ħزڤ󣬶Եū¶һŭ
ūĮȻûС㣬ֻǶԼİˣˣںϵҲԸƽӹɲǰĴڣΪ˵֣Ӧû⣡
б£ҵ磬סʮ쿼飬Ҿѡ㣬Ϊҵˣ
ͻȻ䣬̫ħزڤףΪ˱壬Ϊͷײġ
ū壬Ȼ߳

ͷײģſĴ죬ͻȻһȻһɵڰ֮⣬ѵūײ֮С
˼˫ǽϾˣ
ȻҶȿڿҪ̫ħزڤס
̫ħزڤףɽ絽磬ʺϵūķĿǰһǶλһںϣҶߣӵһλ˿в
ֻƬ棬ҶҲܣ̫ħزڤףԼĵģԪҶȶδһο̫ħزڤֻһ񷨱
޾Ӧò֮󣬾ͻʮ˷ħҲӵгֵʥ񷨱ʺĿǰľˣȵԺ󣬴ﵽʥʵΪˣѰҸӸ߼ķ
ū˳ں̫ħزڤףֵõʮ˷ħҶһʵʣ
꣡
ڹȥʮ꣬ѴﵽλϲһʵߣٶȣҲӦߡ
ʮ죡
Ҷ˵ֻһʱ䣬һӣˮԪʵλ۷壬ִӺ䣬õô౦ʱλѾ⡣
ಣ
ʱһһѪӰ̫ħزڤͷ֮зɳǵū
ʱĵūѾѪģȫ֪ж˺ۣ֮ĿȻĮָٶȣʮ־ˡ
̫ħزڤף˵㻰Ӵˣҵˣ
԰̫ħزڤףʱ˿̣ȻػΪһâ뵶ūڡ
ūҪżں̫ħزڤףкаҶū䣬ū㲽صԵС
ū;ԼĥѶʹľ̫ħزڤ־Ȼڻ£
Ҷȴžϲūɹõ̫ħزڤףͬһǿļҶһֱڼ֮С


1922 λϲ
ֻҪȴ޾ˣʮ˷ħں֮ʵﵽεȸ߶ȣҶԼҲ޷ơ
߶ͨ뵶浺ͨ幵ͨ
м̳ͨ
ͨڵ浺󲿷ʱ䶼Уδֵ浺κ񣬴ԪֻһΣҶȲԪҲҶǸ򵥵ҲղȻΪĿģջǴĳͬ㡣
ǧͼѾﵽ˾Žλϲ񡭡
䣬Ҷȴ֮ǰõʯˣҲںϴǧͼ֮У¯ĴǧͼƷȻӽ߲񣬻һ
ʯҲ¯֮ȼգôǧͼȥձԴ
ͨ廽ռ䣬ں֮󣬾ˡūһͻصˮ档
浺
ҶȻʯͨںϣҪ׼λϲ⼸̫ıԼھ֮УѾȫںϣֻҪͨںϣﵽ۷壬ɳλ
߶¯ʼؾ
ںҪһʱ䣬Ҷȷһ䡣

ͶӰʼֻľ֮ͨһޱ֣ͨҪﵽΪʺϡ
һ֣ϵĳһɹֻϢǷָֻǰԵȭͷ߾ֱӵӡһܵ𶯣Ȼûʧֻ٣ֻͨİء
ֻأһдϢ޵Уִеޣֻذء
ֻҪֻذںޱ֮УôҶƿصޱ֣Ȼʥش󲿷ˡ
ޱʽûֻذأǾͨͨһͨûзֱ
ͨ๥̬࣬־̺İء
֪ޱֶ֮ҶȵͻȻع鱾
ҶȻۣʯռ䣬¶Цݣں꣬ڲŴﵽλ۷壬λʼɣ
ɲǼ䣬߶ԪԪҶȵƿأ뵤֮У
ѴԴԪӿ룬һƬ嫵Ԫ󲻶γɣͬްԪС
ҶȽоһֿ飬У·ûȫоƺֻڲ֮С
Ԫ֮УҶȵģǿ״ֻ̬н𵤣Ĵڡ
ʼٽӡںԪ֮УҲʼȼգΪһֻֻˣϵزԪС
һӡӿԪԪϵСһֱȵıը
ʱҶִӲ¯ؾӿ֮УͬʱҲ׼ӣԼ֮ȵȡ
ֹһʱ䣡
Ҷ˫һߺһ֡
ˣ
Ҷע£ڵԪ󣬱һɴСͻȻӡʧһɴСԪΪһߴСĴڡ
ǰԴһģһԴɹᣬҶȴλλϲ
ӡӡ֮Լ񵤣
߶֮ǰ׼õĸ׷ױҶڣʼڻ
ϲ¯ڵؾںΪԪȵ΢գΪҶҪϯ
ڿʼһС
ž
ϤҶڱ
һ飬ȲλֻȫǷ飬طûжʹҶʱ䣬ʱ䣬١
ȻҶҲϣʱ䣬ԽԽãĽռ󣬴ЧѾˡ
飬ҲһУʿˣѡʱԽԽãʹ࣬üо
ҶȴˣнȻ෴뷨ʹ࣬Σգϣ̵ͨĿ⣬ĥԼ־
Ƿ棬һһӡǰǾȡ
ԽԽڵʵﵽ߽λ߲񣬵ȫģӦһλ࣬ڡҶҲӵʵ
ġ
ΪȻֻλϲ񣬵ʵһλֱ࣬Խ˸ֱ߲
Ժ󾳽ͻƣȴܣ㣬ﵽ˵Խ߶ȡ
Ͼ߽λʵΪͬҶȾﵽʵҪ볬Խʥ̫ˡ
ͼ߼޷Խĺ蹵жٵţȴûˣӿԽ蹵
һȥ
һͻƣʱ䣡
ָһ㣬ƵҲʮʱ䣬һ꣬ʮʱ䣬߲񣬻߽λ˽λŽλ󾳽硣
ʮ꣬ͻ󾳽磬ҶȶԣӦò£ϣѾıӡ񵤡֮ӵȵȡ
Լ֮ټ޾ʱԴϣıʵԼǧͼ
ҪʵʼҪͨɱ
սŻ᲻ߣ
ʱصˮ磬Ȼ䣬һʱ䣬ʱ䣬Լͨͳͳλ߶ȣ
ͨ壬Ȼ߶֮ҶȻ뿪浺
λʵ֮ǰǿ󣬴߶֮Ƶ磬Ѿûκηա
֮
ˮ綴
ҶȻع֮˽뵶ūʵ̶̼꣬һںӣڽѪԼ£һ磬ҶȲ࣬ʵҶѳԽǡ
ūϢһˣ϶˴ĵϢūҲƿص޷ңȫں
һأ̫ħزڤ׵ںϣλݺ⣬ʥҲ񣡣
ūԽں֮ʵܿ쳬Խңһǰ㣡
˽һҶȾͽ䡣
ͨ񵤣Ҷһעǧͼһʼȫͨ
ȣ뵤
ӰҪҪӰԼֻӰ
ӰȻͷʥ޷ò޴͸ϣǿ̫˼顣
ֻӰ
ƮģֻϢû仯Ưһ޷
Ӱûжٱ仯޵˵ӰΪģΪ޵ǿԴġ
̫
˼ʼС
ͷβʼᣬһɹɴ̫⣬͸ϹҶݺᣬҶһŹ֮⡣
Ȼ컯ȭ龻֣ᡣ
컯ȭȻֻͣʽ֮У֪ǲǣҶȳΪֻߣּʥصԭ컯ȭһֱûͻơ
ԭͨס
ʥǹ¯Ҳһ飬žԵͨ޼˻ס
Ӱ˻ơ޼սڰ׾ֵڰԼ֮һͨ͸Ų䡣
Ҷȶǧ꣬Ŵͷβһ飬׷״ﵽλϲ߶ȡ
ֻľ׿֮ɹҶȶ¿ʼᡣ
ɹȻ߶ȣΪ⣬ôһͨҪѰҴʦξ񣬻Ϊһ֣⣬ҶȸоأһֱûҵĴڡ


1923 ϲƻ
ʯ
̤Щ꣬δռʯϢ
ԭͺܶˣпܣʯңԶ½ֻϡ٣Ϊ֪
ԭҶȶҪȥҵʦξ
ʱ䣬֮ʧ
ͨߵλϲƷʡ
һֻľ
ʥɽȻͬСɡ
콣
콣ޱֵͼʮأ綼ʮУҲֻнߣ
Ȼصɽ磬Ѵ硢磬콣ҲҪУڴϣ콣ܷӵ£
һЦֹͣС
һ꣡
Ҷȳڶ֮УһʵѾλϲ߶ȣҪһʱС
ֻһʱ䣬úùΪ֮ҶȾͰѺ붴
Ҫֵĺһһϸ߲ϲһʮͷ
ʵֻһ㣬ǰЩҪС࣬Ͼˮ磬ҶҲ⣬žˡū뿪ĵźˮС
ʱ
һ֮ǰ
飬뵶ūźԸһ˵ĺʥң
ˣҶϸ滮һ
ǣˣ
뵶ū̴Ŵ󲿷־ˣźǰ
ʥֻˣҶߣһͬעǰ
Ҷ߶Ӧͷλʣʮ߲ϲУʥԸĺ˺úʰ
ˣԸʮͷԸ߲ϲΪǵΪҲϲ񣬶٣ԾҲѶȵġ
ʥˣҶȵĻǱϹϾʱҶϷ
ޱ֣
Ȼ䣬·Ҷʩչʥصͨ
ˮռһץһ޵Ĵ֣ΪˮΪһֻˮ֣·ͬħһȥ
䣡
ֺݺץں֮ϣѰĺըȻ߰ͷǱɳͷޱ֮¡
ֻʣһȦػ
Ҷ
ͷλһҶ뷽ʥͷΪͬ࣬ռģҼԷϲʵɱȥʣ¼ͷ߲Ҳһȥ
񵶣
ʥһɱԴ߶ӡֳ־޵ɱ߲
ǿɱǸСඣ
ʱδŷʥɱͰ·ֹͣҶȡ
ҶȵһЦһץʥǹС

һأٶȳͷȻһǹǰǰ
֣ˮ磬ʱӦҶȵֱóѪۼ׵Ĵ֣ɨȥ
ʥǹײһ𣬾Ȼײ𻨣ƣǼ̣ʥǹȻ޷ơ
࣡
λϲҶȣλĲ࣬ûв࣬ǲ಻󣬹ʥǹٿԲһƤǴ̴һۼףǺƣһۼûУʵࡣ
ˮǬ
һͷλſһ磬һǰˮ򣬻ΪκˣҶϯȥ
򣡣
һｵһ
κʣ޷ѭҶ˫ӡΪģʱһתˮС

ͷŵľκˣײһγ׳۵Ĳǽڣ֮УˮΪ˫㡣
˫㣡
Ҷһָ˫㣬Σ໥תʽһԶֱͷȥ鶼Ǵ˫㣡
˫Ҷȣúˮɵ̬̬ͨͨ裬Ǵİء
ͻͻͻ
ͷλ̫С˫СҶϲֵֶΡ
ͷŵĹ޷˫㣬鼸ԣ˫ֵˣ׷ײںϡ
£ͷһڿѪ
̧ͷһȻΧǴ˫㣬ͣζֿʼǺΧ
ˮ磬ӵƵǣҶߣ˫Ѿʧ
ﵽλϲ񣬼ԦӵӦ֣ҶԺˮѹӦҲﵽһΣҿԿΧڵˮˮ֮ڵĺˮԱƿأΪͬͨ
ҶƯһˣŴ˫Χ
ٴ߶κιֻͷԪϴ߶򣬾
Դʵ߶ȣ޷ʱ䣬նɱҶȴ߶ҲΪնɱΪʹǲܵش
һʥˣһնɱ߲ʵ൱֮죬ǰԸ߽λ߲ЩڶԸѾɵĶ࣬ˮ磬ҲǲöԸġ
˻Ҳˣвͬ
˶˵Ǽҳ㷹һס
ʱҶ˫룬ͷϱĥѾֻʣһ֣Ҳ޷ӳʵ
ֵˣ
ٿһץһ޽ҶУ˫γɵĹ֮С

ͷҶȿôŭ޷ոճ֣ͱ˫ˡ
ͣ
ҶԸͬԸƾһһͰһͷԴնһʬ¯֮С
ޣͷŵģˣ
һֱСβͣ˷ܵޣͱҶע⵽
˻һ޾ֱסһϢСǧȻѺٵ

д˫㲻ˣˮָƽ
սϷȴ˰ʱ䣬սҲڽҶȰкʬ壬ȫ֮С
뷽ʥȾˣһṦһ֮ء
սҲҪӽβžˣΧɱͷƣǺܾˣһԵĵūûʩչһɹɵӡͷţסȻԷ
Ȼⲻǵū
Ȼ̫ħزڤף
£ūڵսȻҶȣǻδ߶̫ħزڤ׵ǰ£߶ĻʥҲҪūնɱ
һ¹һͷڷ鵶£Ҷռкʬ壬ʮ£㹻Ҷ뵶ūˣһʵ
Ȼһûдﵽ״̬ϾԽɱһĲҶȻص
ȻӣʼָʵҶҲı䶴󷨣ںɷΪһˮ£˵ۼ֮ء
Ҷһָһʮö䣡
ĺûиҶȴϲ
ʯڣϱʯԼ򣬲ӽڣһҶϣӵдӺһõĲƸﵽ˵֮ʯ
̫˵ҶȶЩš
ˣ
Ȼ䣬һҶȴ
óһ¶ЦݣǾ޾˵ͨ߶֪޾ڷ;УԤڼңص֮ˮ
ϲˣֻ֮ĲƸҪֵıҶ⣬ҪĻǱԴ
ж٣Ҫ١
ڣǮ


1924 ʮԴ
ȴ֮УҶΪѴﵽλϲ״̬ҿʼλԲ
ʱڣҶʵԾĿʱ
뵶ūҲͬʵҲȵ
һ죬ҶȻ뿪ˮ򣬷а죬ﵽ֮ıԵˮ򣬺ˮӵĻ磬䣬Ҳľˡ
һһͷӰˮУƶйٴ𺳡
Ǿ޾ѱˮҲˮ磬ˮĿǰΪֹҶȻδ˵ˮ
Ҷǰͣſ죬ϤĶζҶһȥ
գ۾θ룬ϤһϷ𣺡Сѣ
ǰ
Ӷֻ޾վڶſڣŰ롣

޾˴Ҷ԰£ɵƣҶϸϸƷζ˵ϵͬƵģ治̸ֱ⡣
Ƕ˼ĿģҲղ
һ֮󣬾޾˾ڵСѣ˻ȥûаܣΪ㹺ʮ˷ħȿ
ͷǰҶȷ¾ƱʱĿ͸ǿڴ
ž޾һ֣һ⸡֣һʵ
͸ģ˫Ӿ󷨣ӡһģһģǺܹʱģʮ˷ħϢƷʣȴûܵӰ죬Ψһź̺ʧࡣ
ھ֮Ǿںϣǿ
ȻǲıƷʴﵽ߽λʥ߶ȡ
һҶȺ⣬޾ˣǰʯ㹻
޾֪ҶȻ⣬ԵȻʮڣϸַãڲ࣡
ǶپͶ٣ǰȻҪһ壡
ʮ˷ħҶȱ¶ڴĿ⣺֪ǰΣɴҪıԴ
Сѽʱʱ̶̿ǵãλصȺ̻ڵĴȫһ飬ҵٱԴıһ֣ҲΪСѴһ֣ϴθСѵģټ󣡡
޾˵꣬۰֮󣬵˫һ֡
һԵýһЩԴļֵУԶԶʮ˷ħ
ಣ
ʮ״ͬССıƯ֮УȻ״һ̺ϢǴͬС졣
ԴϢϢ
ϢҶȴδģʮϢֱҶ֮ǰõıԴбʮٱ
ÿһǾһһֵǣ
̫࣬ҶȶۣÿһǴﵽּĳ̶ȡ
ıԴղƷȼﵽ౾Դʵȼֻвϲ񡢸߲ˣ
޾˻һץзɳһɫʯƴСδ֪ʯϵԴȼﵽ̺ϵԴϢ࣬ӵʶϵֲ࣬ʯƷʯͨϵʶֻƷƷʯ
ǵϲƣӵô౦
ЩͰ仰ѿڶ
޾˵ľʵʮÿһǼֵǣǻǱȲϣϴεõϽԴֳ֮ǰõбԴ
õĻ𾫣ҲȲеʯ˵õĻ𾫣ֻǵͼĴڣеʯѾǸ߼
ҶȸоһΣҪѪ
ʵǰһжٱ
޾˸ڵıѡѡΪʮԴбһЩǴıԴʮÿһļֵʮ£ȥÿһʮң
һﵽʮڼֵ
Ȼ̫ˣҶţֻᣬǾ󣬲м۸û󣬼۸ϲȥ
޾ϵļ۸ʱǼ۸񡭡
ˣ̣εıһ㱦СѣҪپͶ٣ϷҲ⣬ܰղƷó˽ҲһУСѲѡʮÿڼ۸񣡡
ڣ
Сѣڿɲ࣬õʱҲǻ˴۸ģʿ˵еıϷ˵ͷϲãЩԴﵽ߶ȣҪǣףǸ߽λʥ񣬽ʵΨЩ׾٣
ڡʮĻܼİڣ
һʵʵڵ֣
İڣκˣǲɴĸ߶ȣʥ񣬶òôʯ
ǴﵽŹǿߣŻӵ˶ʯ
Ǽó˾˵ʯ
޾˵Ĳһг۸ʮϣܶŻô࣬Ǻܲף
Ȼʯܶ࣬Ҳֻһᣬһδնɱռֵʯľ˲Ƹ
⼸ǲҪǮ⣬޾׬һʣҶͷ档
һƳ޾ˣɫƽƺ̫룬ЩԼ۸񣬲ѹȥ
Ծ޾˵ƽҶԵЩ㷲ƺǰЩҶҪˣһİڣ
Ҫˣ
޾΢΢һİʯ
ǿЦ
һˣҪóİڣҲףҴﵽİڣһĴ⡣
ⷬ飬ҶҲµĳ֣Էʱ뷨Ȼĥʲôһܳɽ⡣
Ҷȿʼ߶Ӽкʯ֮УʯʱŰİʯڣʯʣ޼žʣʮڡ
ǰ㣡
˫ֵȥ
޾¿ɲģӹ䣬ϸϸؿʼ㣬һʱ¶Цݣ˿û뵽Сֵܣܴ˾˵ʯ
רΪ׼ģƽҲ˾ʯˮߣ
ͬʱҶҲӾ޾ʮ籾Դ
ʮ
һﵽ˵ĸ߶ȣ˵ȫںϣһҶȵӤҲȡٵһøǧͼںϣҲƷʡ
ʮȫںϣҶһʵﵽ߲񣬶⣬Ӥ˵֮󣬻һɱ䡣
ڴǧͼҲﵽȼ
꣬ӵʥʵҸаգô౾Դ꣬ٲ̫ģʮǲҴﵽô滹ʥԼһҪıԴԽ߼Խã
һѪڷڣӵô౾ԴҶȵӵʵ
Ҷ޾˵ǰбԴǰ⣬ԽԽãνǮƶ˱ԴȿУֿԻȡʯԼڽʷ棬ô࣡
ҪĻҪȥһߣ¶ʱ䣬òô࣡޾Ե⣬һӵô౦ѵ
ҶʱҲżҪԵϸ꣬ϾʯҲˣҪʯҲһĹ򣬶ǰ֪ʯ
ʯ
޾һ㶣ʼŰ룺ţʯ
ɣ޾˳ˮߣİ֮Уʶ㣬п֪ʯ
ʱ˿̣ҶҲڴţʯһֱ˽⡣
ܵõʯԺúо⣬һ㣬ʯɹӦξĴڡ
ʯҲһĲ
ֻҪɽʱֶĽ޷Խÿ˶á


1925 ϴ鷳
Сѣĥ˰죬ȥҲûŹʯȷʯڣ
֮󣬾޾һüؿҶȣ˫Żɡ
⡭Ҳȷ
޾˻治֪
ʱҶȵУ·թ˹ʯΪأʿ֪Ĵڡ
ˮĺǿߣҲδŹʵЩ޷͡
˵ǰʯһʶڣŻϴʦ㣬ôʦȻʯʶѪ⣬Զۣʯ࣬൱ݽعһһв񡭡
вӵʯܣ֤ʯǳԽʥĴڣ븽ˮֻôһʯָպò˴ʦʶǡñõ
ɽ磬ץסʦ㣬̫ʼǴһ̺ɹͨ뿪ģʯƺֻһ飡
һʱҲò𰸣ѯʣҲʯ䡭
գҶҲȥʯνͷȻֱ˵ĳһ죬ͻȻ⡣
޾˽һҶ鷳ٴΣռԴȻŴգ뿪˾ڡ
ص
ҶȾҲ̲ס˷ܺһ
ʮԴóͱǰõбԴҪ߼Ӿˡ
ӤǧͼԼҶʮϽɳǿ
Ȱʮ˷ħˡ
жʮˣʮ˷ħֻʮ˷ݣ޷һݣ˿һͬУںʮ˷ħͬʱ߷Ǹ߽ʥıþʵԶԿ߽λ
ʮ˷ħ֣֮ҲԵʮּҲгֵķ֮ǰʹõıһЩ񵶡֮ģһ࣬ͬʱںʮ˷ħ
Ҷȣ̽磬ҪúԴ
ಣ
߶һ⣬Χʮ
бԴıһʮ˼ʣµʮǴıԴ౦̺ͬϢ
ʮ˼бȻҪȫںӤҲҶںϡ
ʮ󲿷ֶҪǧͼƷʣڴǧͼںϣҲѡһЩʺϴǧͼںϵı
һѡѡʮ̺һϢıԴЩҶȻҪںϣǧͼں϶ʮռ˶
౦һһ洢ãӤڻں֮ǰǧͼҲںϽԼʯ
Ҷʼʮ֮Уѡһóںϡ
һʣӱ֮зɳҶС
ʲ֪˹ǻޡ޵Ĺ֮ѵģҾ꣬Ȼϴ£̺ǿҵϢ뱾Դ
ʺҶںϣһ£һ⣬иʣʮּ̣иҶҪںϣҲǶʱģֻз֮Уò¯
һҶһչʵıԴؾԼҶȵڲϵ
Žλϲ񲻾ãھʹﵽλ״̬һλı״̬
֮ʣڵ浺ͨ壬Ҷȴһ
ݹԪԭҲ˵㻰Ҷ浺ʮ󣬴һʯȻҪָҶȡ
Ҷ޷ƴǣʯԪҲܸˣҶʯǸԷӣҲϡ
Ԫһ֪浺Ҳһսиսһְλ飬Ƶ˵̶֥ڵ浺ȴǴ£Ԫ˼ҪҶҲȥ
ܿͱҶȾܾˣԪҲδǿҶȲ
ʱҶ˫ü΢΢һսڻϲȻʵܾˣȸ߲߽λһλ࣬޷սΪ»ǲ㣬ҪսƽܣҪǰˣ˽˵ĵϸȻλʥ񣬵ʵɲ⣬֪֪ˣ
뵽ҶҲãǸ浺Լʸ˵ĿƣѰһʺְλȻǿ𽥽ӽƽܣǿƵʵְλ
ҪսҲҪҴﵽ߲񣬵ʱ߲ҵͨҲ¶һЩʱΪͨ޷ʥ̽ҵΪµȫ޷͸ҵΪ
ҪƵɳ˿ϲڶ̶̤꣬ʥٶȣǴȥҪ𶯡
ţҲûٶȡ
գۣʮȥ
ҶƵаʮʱ䣬⼸УΪѾﵽλһЩһЩ
ս
Ҳںʮ˷ħʱ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬䱬һ
ռ䣬ͨѹһɻ棬ֻ֮еĴǧͼȻ͸Ÿ߲Ϣ
ںϽʯˣǧͼ˳ϲ̤˸߲ƷʣٶȳҶȡ
̫ˣ
ֹؼʱ򣬴ǧͼƷڳԽҶȣҶȵٶȸӾˣͨӲ˼顣
óһΪǧͼ׼õıԴȻǶʮ֮һ֮ǰϽࡣ
¯֮ڣ÷ȼգЩ꣬ǧͼ鱦ںϣӦÿԴﵽ߲λҡ
ع֮Ҷϴž뵶ūɳ
ϴջ񻹲㾪ˣҲֻλҪսĶȻֻһȴǿ
ͨǰռ鱨ͷˣΪôһλλ
λʵҶ̫࣬ʵﵽһλ񣬲ǺԵġ
ƴʵȻƴƴֶΣĻҶȵĶ֣
λλҶȲ岻¡
һʱϷУŴںĺˮһƯںˮ֮еʯ
ɲǼ򵥵ʯһƶ
Ҳܻܡ
ϸʯҺʯƷʣˣֻǴﵽϲһϲƶں磬Ҳһܵġ
˵ͷƬˮ򣬺ʵ
̸ӦϢ
ʮͷʵϲ񣬼ͷӽʮͷ⼸ǱǰҪһЩ
Ҷ磬ʱһǿĺ
ʣ
Ƕ˵һս
֪֮䣬˾ʯϷҶȿ򷽺飬ʥ
Ҷȵ˼ʱ߶ǿԪȻӺ󷽣ɳһʮɾ޴һһʮ˷ħ
ɲǶظģҶ֮󣬷顢ʥʱ˫һᣬʮ˷ħһ𣬳Ϊһɾ޴ʱӸߴֱӺȥ
䣡
߽λʥ񷨱ǲһʮ˼
֮ͬʮ˼ʥ񷨱ϻ
ЧȻ˳һȥֱӾͰƶʯݻˣըҵݡ

顢ʥŶʮˣʮ˷ħ̰ΧסҶ뵶ūҲϷ׼š
ɶ˭үүĶ
һŭˮ֮ʯ֮УȻʮͷǿ󲿷ֶǱͷΡ
˭Ƕɣֵܣǡͼ˵ǣǵͼ
ŭɶı
ͼ鷳ˣ
һƽɫҶȣᵽһΪͼˮʱһɫΪ㵡
ҪȻҪ˽Ϊǿߡ
ͼеһλ


1926 ͼ
֮ǿߣĪֵܣ
ͼֵƿˮ֮Уһ𣬱Ƚǿߣʵﵽʥ
ʥ񼶱ĺҪʥǿߣǿüˮ磬ռݵΪ¡
ҶȻδôʥ񼶱ĺ֣ϣЩкͳͳնɱһ
֣
δʯֹͣҶȱˡū´ָ
䣡
һˣ߶ʮ˷ħ·Ⱥȥ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһʮ˷ħնɱ˶ʮͷҵĺֻʣʮͷ
Ժһʮ˷ħһˮǼһںʮ˷ħʼԿ
ͻͻͻ
һͷһˮʮ˷ħϼԦˮͨѷħȻˡ
ɱ˳
زӡ
ūӭһͷĽλ˫һһɺڰӡΪһƬƣȻˮѹȣǾ˵غȥ

ȭͷһײѵū˺ĽλûܵӰ죬ʵūһǰ㡣
ǵ䣬Ҫɱ㣡
ͷ˳
ǿλһλ
λΪףȥʮ꣬ƤɫΪɫΪͬһıݣƽʵڿĲϰߡ
˽λ񡭡
λ־һƾҶȴ߶֮ʧ
ͣ
λλ۷ΪʵѾǰ̫ࡣ
߶֮˲Ϣ󷽣һնͰѶλԴն
һնѾȫﵽ۷
ͷΪټһ㣬Ӽ̣Ҷֻ˵һУͰնɱ
㡭
һ档
λûɱҶȣģĲ£ȴҶһɱ
Ϊ֮еǿߣƽӵĺתҶȣ𺳣ԭǸ֣
ȻҶȵĲҲδҶȵʵݡ
ȻҶǿߣҲȻı䣬ͬһɽΧĺˮ磬ˮ磬ȻΪˮ
ﵽס
λʵ
ƿصĺˮ֮УҶȿһˮΧγɣ̾λǿ
ȥ
һָʱˮҶΪģɱ
ಣ
ӲӲ߶֮Ԧˮʼˮ֮У˸˳֮ǰλãΪ˼ұըһɱըݣ׾޴ˮڶȥ
ѾѰֶΣ֣ؼͷ϶ͼϵڻû£ʱԽã˵ͼԸ
뵽ҶҪ׼߶ͨԼɱֶΣͷλֱӸնɱ
ֻҪɱԷˮ磬Ҳ򵥣ҵûᡣ
죡
Ȼһɰ׸ߵĲΣγɷ籩һƣҶʧϯ
ȻΧһɹɲΡ

ʵ޷Ϊˮռ䣬ܵƿأ뿪
ҶȱλУʱһЦһץһ֣׾޴Ҷ
ᣡ
ȻҪɱԷҪԻԷѰʽ޷ӽϢӽԷڶԷûƿΧˮ״̬¡
һӡҶ֮ϷӭȥȥȲѣǿְˡ

ƣԴݿ֮ƣҶӡʱĵϡﻩķѣҲʧ٣ҶȺɱ
ҶȻܿƣһ֮ҶȻδü
䣡
Ȼ׷ٶҲҶ֣֮Ȼȥط·֡
ںָɽ¡
ಣ
˹ҶֻܶҪԶԷС־壬ֻӣͣӡ
ǣʱҶӿˣֻȻܵ𵴣ҶѪڣûо£λ԰Ҷˡ
Сӣڲ֪ӣΪʱһ򲽣ߣӴˣүүҲŹ㣡
ЦҶȵ֮ǰչֵʵѾɵһץһ֣ѹ
㣬ԽԽá
Ҷһߣһһʱľ֮ͨҴˮ
뱻նɱĽ֣ԽԽһ
һ㣬ƣͣȫռϷ
ҶȰҲעһս
˴߶ʮ˷ħ⣬ϹңһͷͷϱնɱһĵūһĽλսҪȻǵūڽʤδȫ߶̫ħزڤס
󲿷ֻѪ⡢ϢΪ䣬ֻҪմȾϣڲ֪֮У
Ľλ֮ǰռƣ˵ūǺȴһĪʧС֣з档
磬ڣѾʼԶ˺ѣֻٶȲˣҲС֣ڿʼ˺顣
̫ħزڤף㹻ԸκǿУʥһմȾҲֻ·һ߶̫ħزڤױʥʲôҪ̫ħزڤ֮¡
սֻҶⷽơ
ӣӶã
λһδι˫ֻӳһ֣ƿغˮռ䣬ֱ硣
սȻݺ޵֡
սڵˮ򣬾ңԶһˮȺɽ֮Уʮˮɽ֮С
һߴʮɵĹ
Ϊɫںˮ磬ͬһҫۡ
֮Уһ޴̬ˮӰͻȻһΪһںڳ۵ӣ״̬ûжٷֱ
ˣ
Ӱһȡ
ӹ֮⣬һ߽λ£ͼˣкηԸ
ȥ¬￴һһĪ͵ϮĶڱ֮ϣΡ
ǣ
תȥ
βߣ󣡣
λһδ׷ɱҶȣ̲ס߶ǿͨ
˫һ֣ͷɫƣΧˮʼΪɫڷڣһ
ҶΧˮ򣬶Ϊ캮
ҶȱУһ캮ҶΧ£ΪһɸߵıȻҡڣЦҶȷ

Ҷǰչ˫ۣͬʱӳҶڵı͵شȥ
ͣ
ͬʱһˮ󣬴󷽣һ
̼䣬Դüģһǿûá
ƣ
¡
ʱ飬ҶֳһϢƺҪĺһ֮С
ͨںϣһսϷ·мͷ⣬ܿͻھ¡
ūҲսҶȵһѪһԣһ
¬ֵܣˣ
Զڰˮ֮УһˮСֻаС˫ͫȴѪɫġ
Сˮ˿˷СȻҲûʲôв
ʲô
Զˮ
ͻȻһ
Ȼһŭ䶯˷ȫ֣ټϣȻˣҵĵ̣ɱҴͼˣ̫ɶˣ
Χʱһٶͷжʮ𣬶Ҵкɳ


1927 ߽λϲ
ˣ
˷׷׻ع飬뷽ʥɨսкռ
ڴʱҶͻȻǰˮ

Źã
߽λϢٳⷽ
쳣ǿڣûء
Ҷ뵽пܣǴͼӦⷽ˴£ֻǺͨʲôֶΣи֪Է
ԲǴͼӦǴͼǿҲǿߡ
Ͽȥ
һžˡū߶ٶȣǰˮȥһˮˣһܴݡ


췢ӣ߽ɣȻ״̬Ǳ󣬸һʪܵĳ򣬳ͻȻӱΪĶϷ
¬ϢȻʧøɸɾ
һ췢˫ȭһ߬ɱʱ˶벼¬Զ˸֣Ҳ֣
׷ͼϾԸˣܲ鵽䣬Ҳڴǰ¹ͣ
ã
ǰˮ֮С
̶ʱ䣬ڰˮ֮УҶȥ˫üһٶ죬Ϊλȥͷ׷ǣҲֶᷢڣ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷȱ̺ͬˮϢþ뵶ūϻضһȥ
ȻٶҲͬʱҶȷȥķһ͸Цȥ
˫ˮ磬׷˽Сʱ
ҶȰ룬߶ǧͼ
ǧͼҶȣʼǶ
һбøӺڰ½ϣԽʥٶȣҶȾͳڶ֮⣬ܵˮѹȣһͿԻص
ڣ뵶ūڵȴҶȹ
Ҷ֮ʱüʼĿǰơ
ǼΪ˽̵ģַԼ棬ȻŹԷ
ɱ˺˶ΪһˮߣͼȻŹҶȣղǿߣֻǿθˣͼҲԸ
ͼػ£ѰΧˮк
ȻΧ󲿷ֺѱҶȶ˵Ϊ棬һͼ֣Ļ¾ͿɴСʱ򸽽ˮ򣬶Ǵͼĸ֡
⴦ȻҲŲ鷶Χ֮ڡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ
ԽԽã뿪ˮ磬ص½أѰһƧ֮أúöⳡΣĿǰֻлرܣ棬ͼ⡣
Ҷȶʱ˾þ뵶ūʰһ¡
һʱ֮˾ͷɳҶȵһƣˮѹѶΪƽأΧܷҲصҶڡ
Ϥˮĺ·Ѱһ֮ء
;оһ֮ǰҶȶ˵Ķո·͸Ӧһ߽λɱڣһ
ͼĸ֣죡
ҺߵĿ죬ûе͹ͼʵˮ磬Ǻ²Ǵͼߣ²вȼĺˮ򴦴ǣҶǲʱ뿪пܱ֡
һ󹦷򣬺ˣһƬˮ磬ˮ壬һЩ޴ʯγһƬɭɭˮ
ʯܶ࣬ڻˮһƬһƬ飬ͨˮ壬ˮȻӵҶˮͰִ󣬻Ȼһ˸оһƬˮɭ֡
ط
ˣΪʱ֮أ֮ѡ
񸮣
ˮڼײһʯ֮УǴ߶һԼ󷨣Ȼ񸮡
Ҷȵõ񸮣һεƶʹá
õΣʱ̣ˡ
ಣ
״ķ񸮣ɳʯ֮УɰƣΪʯСҶȻһһ⣬ˡūʱ֮С
ռ䡣
գۣ˾ҶԼѡطϢҲúһʵţʼͯϹͨ
ҪͯϣСˮΧ
Ϣ֮Ҷȷɳ񸮣ˮΧһӦ󷨣ĴܷһΰΧذС
һ׼ˮ磬ͳΪʱ
ͯϰҶ˼Ҫ룬ԶͷͨһūˣҪϢʱ򣬾ڷ֮УҪУˮˮ硣
ͼٶǿߣһʱᣬҲҲҲһܷʲô
ƯˮϷҶȣΧˮȻһƬţΧûǿһЩ²вѡ
ȫ߽λϲ񣬽߽λʵֽһǻ޷ﵽʥĴͼ⣬ҿ͵Ϯĵ̣ܱߵС֣̤߲񣬵ʱͼ𣡡
һˮδص֮С
һ־ҲˮС
һ¯ʼˮҶɸ߽λȻ䡣
նɱôʬ壬Ҳд䣡
ʮö䣬ƯҶǰ
Ĵ䣬Ҷȵһ۾
еǿ䣬ͷ򣬿ʼдơ
ʮգдʧҶϽλ䡣
ʯ٣ﵽʮڣϱʯԼһǧֵܼҲƽڣ
Ϊ⣬ĺΪԽߣһǵ
ϧ֮УûбԴҲϲ񡢸߲ȼʥ񷨱Ҳֻм
ֽĴ䣬ʱ㣬Ĵʯһʮ£뱦ʯֵҲﵽ˰ڣһܲƸҲһٶڡ
ʮͷ䡣
֮󣬲Űһ㣬Щʯֻʮڣʯֵܼﵽ¡
һһնɱĺвƸﵽ֮ࡣ
֮ǰİʯʮԴʣµĲƸŻڡ
ڱۻİڡ
Թ򵽲ٵıԴ򵽴ʥ񷨱Լ񷨱
񷨱İƷʯ򵽣ǡİƷʯࡣ
ʷϣûķй׼¼񷨱Сʹ½˵ǷƷÿһİڼƷʯ޷򵽡
ڴ˵УЩ޴½磬ǾͲһˡ
ϧô౦ʯ֮УûκмֵıԴҲûв
֮Ҷȼ⣬ʧ֮ıȴûҪġ
Գ߽λϲ񡭡
ع鱾壬ȥ꣬ڼմԼӣһԪȻﵽλ
ͯϽһϢص浺
ͨںϣ½֮ϵ
ͨʮˮУҶҲˮ磬еһЩơ
ˮȻ̺ʣرŨңҺˮˮ֮УҲ̺һЩϢ
ˮ壬޷ȱٵˮҲҡ
ˣˮˮ壬ԶҪԽĶࡣ
½ǺɰٴУ໹ʺ½С
ʼɣ
һۣһʱ䣬ͨںϣƽ֮Ҷֹͣɣ߶ӡԪڵսӿȥ


1928 ׷ҾͶ
ԴԱߣ嫵ԪɫӡӿԪ󣬼Ϸӿ֣Ԫ󲻶ž
ŽʱᣬԪճΪһɴСһųɫգڽ档
ʱҶȫԪһ㲻ʣȫԪ֮С
ᣡ
˫һϣ
Ԫӡ̿ʼڣƴԪȻ͵һ޷ֱӵĽ⡣
ˣ
Ҷ˫ٴԪɹΪ߿Դ
߿ԴҪǰԴ߼ǿأǸ߽λͽλԴԲࡣ
Ϥޱȵ飬һ飬Ҷ飬Ȼ׼ӡӡ֮Լ񵤡
ӡֻ֮ңﵽʥЩǷ꣬磬ɣʮ˲СĶ࣬磬Ҳʼõͼﵽʥ񾳽磬ЩѱҵͼҲ޷
ɽ磬Լ磬Ϊһȫ벻ﵽʥ񾳽֮󣬱취뿪磬ɽ磬̤ӷϣȡڷѾʮµĵ磬ҲﵽӾ˵ĸ߶ȣ
ִУ磬ȻҶ磬Ҳȱ٣ʧȥҶУĪǯơ
Ҳ˵ΣҶȶҪ취֮ͨС
Ҫͨϴǿӵеǣޱȼ̣ܴķ棬ȥ棬ܻݣһδӵ£ѹӲͨһͨʱʱ̿ٴαΣգͨͨѿܣǷ棬Ҳһʣʯͬһͨѷ
˼һʱ䡣
ʱڽҶɸ׼õϲ¯֮
һʱ䣬ͬˮӿڣ飬ϵؼӿ졣
ʱһ鱾Դȫ
֮УҶҲʲôȴɣҪУԼ飬ǾҪǿʢıԴϢ
ԴˮԪԪȵȵǸʡ
һںˮУʾͻںϣԴһںϡкá
䣬֮ǰóĹʱڲ¯֮Уʱȼգ겻ͣ󲿷ںΪҺ״̬
Ҫһʱ䣬Ҷٴ߶ȼ̶ֻСĹʡ
֮
ʹŹڻҺ뿪䡣
ǿҵıԴȻҺֻйӴСں֮󣬿һɾעڡ
һոս߽λϲںⲿҺ֮󣬾ܴﵽ߽λ۷壬˽λ
Һͨ˶룬õ
ʿͨʵҲ׷ӵ籾Դ
ﵽԴ߶ȣŴﵽ繲ĸ߶ȣȻ֮⣬
ձԴɾֱʵ
ʿռԴռҪҲǳϦģҲǴʿΪԸʱȥУҲ뿿Դõ
ûо䣬ҶҪʣûʱ䣬ǲܵģһ£ʱһ鱾ԴڣСðգʵֻﵽεȸ߶ȣ
ԴҲֻǶԸպҪˣûʿõҲãֻΪղأŽǿ
ˣ
Һ̴ҶüģԺ֮С
ɲǼ䣬͸ой΢΢ˬϢӿԺȻͨȫԪѪ𽥶ʼˬ
о±ɣȫһ޷о
ԪѪϸ⣬ҶȶǴָо֮УģԪѪϸ⣬ͳͳָо£ﵽһյ״̬
ʵҶȸоˬϢʱԴѾںãѸٶʼںϡ
ʱ״̬ҶȣоһǰδеʵΪԴϢһӱоԼһ֡
ͬʱҶҲѼʣ׷״߶ʣҲɱԴ
ʽգҶȸоߣӵգͨ뱾ϵӵ΢Ӧʵڵ֮УͷߵϢԼҶҲܵˮ磬΢ϢڸӦ֮УֻߵֻأʼҶڵֻͣζߣҶĸԶ
ʣǻʣҲڻ֮УԴʵĻֱձԴϢֱͬĻ
ͨУɳģô꣬ҶɵʣΪԽҪ뿿ԼŬܸߵĸ߶ȣǲܵġ
ҪǣҶȻǰ·ңȡ˵ʣУﲻ״̬
ӵбԴֱգʻᳬҶеĸ߶ȣ
һݸ߼ıԴ֮еҶȣԼԾ˵ٶȣ
ֻһʱ䣡
ɣһԪҲﵽ߽λ״̬Ҳǿо
ͨ壬ʯֽ䣬ʼͨԼͳͳﵽ߽λ߶ȡ
֮
磡
Ҷȳˮ磬뵶ūͳͳ֣һΣҶȾһ־ˣ÷ʥŲ£һˣҶһͬ
һСУź·ͼˮ֮С
һѰңҶһ
ֻʮͷǿĺһλĺҲϲ񵽸߲֮䡣
Ҷ߽λϲ񣬵ūҲʵգʮǿĺǰѾû˿Ѷȡ
֮ѡҪ͵Ϯá
ǿսܶʱɣԼ鷳ɺҶȿתܵûӰͼҪҶȣȥ
׷ҾͶ㡭
һЦҶȴˣ𽥿ɱ˺֮󣬿ԵõӣֿԵõƸôͼץһб˶Ҷռˡ
֣
ƯںϷ
Ҷһ¡
Ǿˣһûд߶ʮ˷ħǾ޻˫ۣˮľֱ֣ȥ
䣡
˵Ĵ֣һȥʱͰѺĵϡã߹Ƶģ¡һʼѡ
˭˭
ͷ״̬Ǳطɳһˡ
ʣһ˴֣ɱˡ
λ
ĺȻǰһͷɽĺѰҳ֮ʱҶͻȻϷһǰ˻ơ

ͣ
һƣλһѪһһ롣
߽λϲȻҶʵһλ񣬴ﵽλһƣֻ˺ȴδնɱ
⻹ǰ˻ƣͨͨ޷Ѻ˵ء

ͷǿĺĪͱˣδͻȻһڰâס
ūӺһƽһں̫ħزڤ׵ʵҶȣȥ޷ȥڵū֮¡
ͷѾΧһɱ
ߣˣ
ҶȸӦһɺⷽϻ֣˿ٿ


1929 ˻ӵϢ
ʮʮͷӿ
ΪĶͷʬ嶼һŭգǰˮ׷ȥ
ʱˮˮɽ֮С
ֳˣ
֮ϣһڼ׵ӡ
·ŵĺ˫üһᣬײѪ֮⣺ɷټ
ΨΨŵŵĴѰ֮УˣʱһѰңѲɵȴջ񣬶ҽʮҲΪƽأ֪ʲôʱ£ž֮ڣ˸ɵģ
ΧҲ£
ڼ׺üͷ𣺡˿ɼ¼żȻҲʲôǿߣڼƻռȡĵ̣׳һʳϴжߣͳͳҳѰΧˮץκοɶ󣡡
ǣ
¡
ڼЦҴͼһ꣬õϿɣȡ֮ҵҪ˭˵ӣ
ǴӼˮ´һŮū֮Уѡ˼λɫģ
ʱһͷ˽
ڼɫ˲䡣
ߣ
ͷ߶Ůӣ빬֮С
ŮӶᣬʮ£ò绨ֻǴ˿̻ʧɫϷֺŭΣ־壬ŵ·
ڼһһŮΪ⣺λӣú±ӴǽǱķˣǺ磬ûαթֻЩªˣǻݼˣ
ˣ
ΧʱλŮ£Ա߻λŮūǳ¶壬߹ľشŮ뿪
ˮ磡
ȫ֮󣬾ˡūʼУҶʮͷʬ壬ͳͳΪӣС
Ҳһ鿴һöö䣬εõĲƸǺ٣ֻʮʯҡ
ܱûеĺãҶúȥϢҪ֪ͼһһδͼһɸ֣ˮ֮Ѱǡ
ʱ򣬸ͨ񵤴󡭡
ʱ䣬ǱΪںһݱԴҶȫﵽѾӽ߽λ״̬

ͨɳ䣬ƷѾﵽ߲ĴǧͼԼЩƵĴ񵤣档
ӤȻЩ仯ˣ
ҶȽˮ֮⣬߶Ưںˮ磬֮С
𵤣ձԴҶȷӤĸͷ΢΢һЩҲǼףѾǳˣҺ˱ԴӤᣬﵽ˾˵ٶȡ
Ҫﵽʶ죬ӵнȫ˼άӤ֪ҪɶԼٶʱ䡣
ҶᣬΪ絮ûһˣԼУΪߡ
Ψд˵֮УһλͳΪߣʷվΪӽߵĸ߶ȡ
ϧʧˡ
Ȼû֪Լһ¼ܳԽˣվ߶ȣƾһ㣬ͻĺˣΪĿ֮꣬͡
̶ȣҪӤ뷽跨ͨصɽ磬̫ʵҪӿٶȣʶһֱ
뵽
ҶȾѴӾ޾õģʣµбһͬӤա
ʮ඼ˮϵϵϵб֮Уˮģľٵġ
޾Ҳδóһϵľϵˮô꣬пܣҲӵϡٵı
ϧϲƣ᲻ó

ʮˢˢƯӤΧҶһ磬ͷŴ𣬽Уʼʮб
Ҫһô࣬߼б²Ǽ꣬ʮģ֮һ㣬Ӥһ㣬ٶȣҶȴﵽʥΪʱӤӦо˵ɱ䡣
̫޼˻ףҶǵõĴС
Ψʮ١ʡԼӤԼһЩͨԼģʮ٣ϸ˵ҲҶȵʹڵģʡӤǺ죬ͨŬõġ
Ҷ
ȥУԼӤҶսҪһУ档
˵ģʼ˼ҵģԼģԶԼبŲĵԶ˼ҵĶûе̣Ҳ޷ߵľͷ
ˣ
ͨˣ
ع飬ͬʱϷĵˮ磬£ͨʮ뺣֮ģٶȱǰࡣ
ⶼǴǧͼƷʵЧ
գۼ䣬ͨʹϷˮֶ
ں֮ҶҲõ⼸ʮ꣬µһϢȴһҶȡ
˻ӣ
ԭͨλص󣬸պͨʥԬ֪˻Ϣ˻һ󣬵ҶȻع飬ʥٽҶȡ
ץϢȻǰ˻ӵġ
˻Ҫʥأչذ꣬ʱ䣬ҲˣĪǣϾҪˣ
룬߶
֣⼸ʮ֮ڣչؽѵõʥؽһʮ鷳ϣ־ϻ

⵹⣬Ҷսֶ죬֪ɶ
˻ӳΪʥص̫ϵӣһˣΪ˻رʥ࣬ȻӵһЩ
ⲻҪһʱ䣿
ǵҶȲܲȥȻûȥæȱ˵ܲܰæӦûȥһΡ
һͨ壬ҶȱȥһΣͨȥһΣգȴбôֶΣǾΣմˡ
Ȼмʮʱ䣬ҽ߲ٻȥҲ٣Ͼʹﵽ߽λ̤˽λͻһŽλ̤߲Ӧڶʮû⣬ձԴٶȻ̣
æҪҲҪԼĿռ䡣
ʵҪģдǧͼصʮһҲˡ
Ҷȼո
ȥ
ҶȵΪ߽λʱ˻
ͼжߣÿһ£ͻѲһˮٶ֣
֪֪̽Ҷȡ
ͼΪҿ϶âҶƫҪ벻
̣ҶȾ˼ƻ
ȻͼѰҶȣôǿ϶ΪҶȵ˱Ȼѡˮ
ҶƫƫҪ֣ǴŵūֱӳþˮС
ж͵Ϯ˶˷鷳Ҷ뵶ūʵ㹻ˡ
ԼһʱҶȾ뵶ūͼˮ

Ȼһݣǰˮ
ĺã
պʮͷҶһЦ뵶ūϢǰȥ
ͨӦʮͷǿһĽλʵѾǳǿ󣬵ǿҲֲҶȵİɱֶΡ
һᣬʮͷκڶȫûϢĴ㣬ַʽˮ֮УѰҶȵˣⲻǴģҶȣ
زطȭ
֮ʣϿͻȻһ׾޴ĺںȭӡ
ֻͣмͷӦܿĺͳͳȭͷ֮¡
˲٣
Ľλ͵ϮŭԵûܼƺѾϢ˳ȥ
ͣ
󷽣
һˮ֮⣬ͻȻˮ֮УûκƣֻǾ˵ٶȶѡ
ˮشԴҶȵӰԱߣͬʱ̳޽


1930 ׷ɱ
ۣ
Ϊﵽ߽λ߲ĺǿߣɱɲǣոշӦҲͬʱ̳ĵ޽
߽λΪ߶޽ʵҲﵽ˵߶ȣĴ׼֮£һ޽Ŵ̴
ߣһ룬ˮ֮£ݲǸӦ޽޼᲻ݣǼҲ١
ҶȻһʬ壬һԱߣūҲնɱռʬ壬Ҷʧںĵĺˮ硣
ˮ磡
ΪһҶˮҲݺ޵УԸͽλûжѡ
Ҷȳﻮһ͵Ϯʱȫ˽λ֮ʣһˮ
ͼˣʲô£
֮ڡ
ڼɶϷûжҲʮޡ
·Ҳһӡ
Ӳͬڼӣ岢׳˶ûкеͣʮֵ޳оһŮӵĹԵüΪ졣
һͷīɫƤҲīɫģֻϣЩƣʮָͬӥצһ𣬸˵һۣһǿĴڡ
ڼӵҪѰһȺˣ
ʲôΪӣƺֱӾʹӦ
Ⱥһжʮˣ֪ģΧʮҪ᱾̣أʱ䣬ɳ·֣ѰΧˮ򣬶δһ˿ټ
߲ƣ߲˷ģһҳ
ĮȻת뿪
뿪ͷһ⣬ڰĺˮ֮С
֮
Ҷ뵶ū֮ǰնɱˮ·ҲһЩѰټ·ҪУҳһټ

кϷһȣͳͳ뿪
ȻǴˣǴͼõѣʵѴﵽʥ߶ȣ
뿪ĺǧ֮⣬ǰӴһˮ·ˮ֮С
оţڴҲ־־塣
ˮ֮ƲˣҲδŻǰˮ·ˮ֮Уֺˮںְ֮Ѻˮڣ֮ǰˮٷȥ
ԽˮϿȣˮһδ룬ǰһʱ䣬ظš
ˮ磡
ʮͷûо˲Ƹֻжʮڡ
ˮϷҶţΧԼںڸԪߣ漴ӽ߽λ
֮Уʮöƽֱ֮
֮󣬿ʼ߶¯ѺʬӣȻָūˣҶʵ
Ҷȼ߽λ۷壬Դ֮УбȻڻһ˿˿ӤԶ롣
أ
֪һʱ⡣
ˮһƬţÿ˶ھʵ֮С
֮еҶȣȻ䣬ͷ˯ޣض˶Сβͼӿڶʲô
ˣ
˫ۣȻһ⣬ޣҶȾú֣һ㶼ڳ˯ֻ쳣
ʱ߶龻֣ӦˮĽΧˮ
Ӧɢ֮ˮռ䣬ûиӦʲô
ҶٿޣȻû˯ذСβ͡
ҵΪȲޣ
޶Ȼʲô֣߶龻֣޷Ӧȴˡ
Ҫˮ½ϿգҶȵĻ龻֣Ӧˮǧ򱶡
ˮѹԼԽκͷŵͨӦԪȵȣ龻ҲͨһҪˮӰ졣
һޡ
ϷɳҶȸĺ󷽣ǰϿ
Ϣˣ
Զˮ֮УһڵĺˮǴȻϢΧˮȻˮܽˮ֮С
ͻȻǰ״̬Ϊһֻɶ೤īɫĴ㣬βһڣһʧˮ֮С
֮ҶȾͿƬˮ򣬿ϧʲôҶѰ֮ʣͻȻֹͣ˰ڶβ͡
䣡
ǰһˮȭӡҶȺ
ʲôˮˮ֮Уصһҵ
Һѣ߶֮һԾȻһ㵣г֣εǵˡ

һҶɨһΣҶѾӦԷϢڡ
ǰˮˣΪһβɨѺɨ
߽λ
Ҷ˫һ߶ǿͨڰ׾֪ͷǼΪѲĸ֣Գ֣ǿͨ
꣡
һȼ׹⣬׵ͻȻǰˮٶȳ˴β

ͻأˮһҶȣһȻڰĺ
ˮһݣ˳̬Ǳܹڰ׾ĹȻҶȣķ֣֪Ǵͼ˵ĵ̣˲أ
Ǵͼģ
ԴʣҶȴΪȻ
ǰɣͼǶȻǴͼҪɱˣǾҵĵˣ˵һ˹
ͻͻͻ
һž˵˻ΧˮҲΪҶȾһСʯͷǰˡ
ǡŽλ
ʵԼΧˮļԦҶ˫üһᣬȶԷΪﵽ˵ľŽλ
½أŽλʲôˮ磬ŽλĿ̶ֲȣͽλʥ
̫ǿˣʵԼٶȣ֮£֪ûУһи֪ͼҲĻ
̶ʱ䣬ҶֻܣˮȥȻͯϹͨžˡū뿪ˮ硣
ϡ
ڲ֪ܣѾˣ
һٶȹȻҶȲ£һҪҶȡ
ʵҶ뵶ū֣ˮ磬⣬Ŀǰб֮â
ȻҶߣٸҶȲǧס
ˣҲ鷳ˣһЩΧʱϣ
ūҶԺԭҶϣȻͼ㱨һУɳٺǿߣˮΧȥ
ǿͯҲ飬ȻǿҶȿɲ㣬սܵ˺Ҳܵˡ
Χ֮ƣֻ㡣
÷񸮣뿪ˮ磬Ҵˮٶȣﵽķ񸮣ٶȻκκ޷ȵġ
ûк֮ǣҶȾͼ٣ǰˮߡ
ں׷ᣬҶʼձּ׾룬Ȼ̣ǴҪ־룬Ҷչȫ𲻵á
һһˮ磬ͣ׷
ԣ
ʱ䣬뿪֮ˮˮҲԽԽס
𼸷ɻ󣺡ôһ΢Ϣ֮ǰʩչͨҺʩչģ
ԭͨݽ֣ʱ׷ɱͨеӦҶϣԽ͵ɵ㡣
ɣҶȵݡ
ͨ
գۼ䣬Ȼû
Ϊ֮ǰӾ޴ʮɣθžͻȻһڣһžȻĺӰһٶһֹǧ׾룬Ȼ̣ҶһβѾɨ˹

ͬΧˮҶ˱βɨС
ŽλľԼˮѹоʥһȭȫҶͬʯȻ׹·Ͽȣͣ³ҶͣҲûа취ľδʧ


1931 սŽλ

Ȼ޷׹
Ӹ߿ˮ򣬲ϵ׹Ͽȡ
һĿˮһݣϵ
µʵ
Ժ˵ľȻʧһ룬ʣҲﵽͽλҪ֪ҶʵҲǵͽλѡ
еʵ̫Сˣٶȣˮ磬ݺȥ̫֪ν
ֻΪ𣬳Ϸˮһ֮ԱǵЦЦȻֱҶ׷ȥ
¡
ڣϿȵײҶֱ׹䣬ˮʯ֮УΧʯҶҵѿ
о£ҵǱ˲ɣ
վ·ɢ˼ܣʹҺо£󲿷־ҶҪվǳ˵Ρ
ʵһУֻһУҶȿŽλĲࡣ
̧ͷһڣĿһУǲмںˮ磬һ˾ƣǵϯ¡
ս벻ս
ȻҪսˮ򣬾Ϊ˶Լһǿߣ̫
Ȼˣ
Ҷȣһξ룬ȴҶһֱվˮףȴһʱҶ뷨
ʵӵˣ
߶ƣҶ׼֣ղػ˵شڴ߶ʮԼȻõת
Ǿ͹Թ򳼷£һ·١
£ƾ㣿
ͣ
𣬴һץָӡϯȥںˮ磬һѹȡ
ž
ԷһѹһָӡΪУѹҲҶΧˮ򣬿ʼ

һ磬һϿ·ˮ򣬾Ȼγһ̬
ƿһƿ֮£һл·
ȻһƿͨˮںˮƿȻ׵ĺܣͬʿ½һһҪࡣ
أ޴ӣʵҲﵽλʵҾŽλƬˮ򣬺պߴڹ³һͼǸвܵ
Ҷȵ㵱£Ĺӣ
䣡
֪仰˴ʹ˵ԭʧȻһȭҶüĺ
ಣ
Ҷ⿪ӡͷߣ֮Ӵȭͷ£һΧˮ򶼻Ϊ˻
ڰ׾
ɲǼ䣬ȼӿΪ׾޽ʮ֮࣬ںˮ֮Ȼųˮѹˮ
žžž
˹Ժڰ׾Ԫ񹥻һ亹ɺǿһȭȭˮƣסһ׾޽׾޽ʼѡ
ʲôȻҺѹƣһ֣֮ϵƣ
һδι׾޽ˣӿ࣬ͣͷš
ȻвǼɵ׹޽֮У̺һɿµϢƺԽ
ƾλ׹޽ǲϳ֡
ΪԪ񹥻ҶȵԪͳԽʥԿȣҶȿ߶ڰ׾ֹʽȻɱ˴ǸպãõĥĹ
Ȼһ裬׾޽ˣֿʼ֣˲޷⡣
ҶսԣȻĶԷʵȻɱﵡ
ǣʵ̫࣬߱˱ʮ
Խ磡
չͨ
˫һ䣬ҶȾͿΧԴˮƿؽ磬ˮʼڣΧˮͻȻΧ£
ȲѣҶ̽з
䣡
ˮʽܼ򵥣ҶҶȸоһ飬պˮʯոҪȴ޷ΪǺƿ硣
ˮػҶ飬ھ»󲿷֣ûҶȷɳԶٴδ߶ڰ׾
׾޽ɸշɳһ룬׾޽ܺˮѹȣ̳
ɶ񣡡
˺һ˫ͫһ⣬׾޽֮ʣʩչ˵Ĺ

ϿΧƿصˮͻȻʼһ֮

ǧ׵ˮܻû˴ͨʵ̫ˡ
ݣ
һѰѺ֮˷Ҷȴ
ҲܣҲ㲻ܣ
ҶҲٴδ߶Ԫ󣬱׾޽ҲΧ֮ײ֮
ҶõģҲֻԶ̹Ԫ֮Ψһѡ
ͬƿ磬Զ̹ҲԽ빥ΣҶȶơ
Ҷȴ߶ᱻˮƿѹ˹𲻵ãҪ˷Ԫ
򣡡
֮
Ȼһ䣬ƣﵽ˾Žλ۷壬ʥûжٲࡣ
֪Ҫʩչʲôͨ
һֲĸӦҶͷ֪ҪʩչʲôͨһֱȥĹﵽĸ߶ȡ
ͻ
֮䡣
ҶͻȻ֣ʩչ׾޽һӺʧȥˮѹȣȻ̧ͷһˮϿգһƬˮ򣬾ȻΪ˴ı̬
ҶȣƵġ
գۣݲҶκηӦˮľ˴͵һ
ҶȸоΧкˮѹһ𣬶ƬʧȥĺˮΨһĵ㡣
еϺˮҶȺݺݵؼѹ

Ҷȶʱһ𣬲ͣζһѪɫһƬ԰ףûƵģѪ
ǿ
̧ͷһΣܵĹΧˮеԼʥ
жôֲͣ
»󲿷֣ʣµȻشҡڸо˿Ҳûǿ޷⡣
ಣ
׽ʧ
һˮ𣬴գ۾ҶһԣһץӥšСƵģ׾ͰҶץ
ҶȣЦģҲɱ㣬Ҫ㽻ͼãɱǱˣ
ͨ壬ޡԼ񡭡
ͨҲûãǴ߶ԪȻԶԸһͷϣֱΰޡ
ת飡
Ҫ취ƽٶ
ԺӿӦ飬꽻ת顣
ʱãʱ
ȻҶȣ뿪ϿȣšսƷ顣
Ҷһڲ֮Уת飡
͸תڣһӡ֮У˲߶˽ơ
ˣ
ת飬ڲڣһ£ȻǿֻԼһǿӵһӡ磬ʱӿӿҶȵڡ
ܵشҶɢˡ
ʱ˿̣תͬúأӿ뺵Ҷһʱ䣬ֻصľȻﵽʥ߶ȡ
ӿҶȫ

Ȼ䣡
ҶĴҶڱľƣôһҶȾʹָ֮䡣
һ麹ΪͻȻľֱ۷飬ȻҶȣֻҶȫһɹϢǰ
ΧĹϢ̵ͬĽ磬Ҷȣ΢΢˸ŵĹâǿ󣬵ܰѴ𺳵Ȼﵽܸߵĸ߶ȡ
Ҷһ˫ۣ˯ˣһڳ˯ĸо
СӵһƷʻʲôδƣ
һ緢ƣҶȡ


1932 ˽λϲ
һΣǷζըˡ
òƷҶȣֳ⣬֮䣬һץֶ֮һΪɫ֮

ٿȻһȻŵҶնȥ

ҶȵĽ磬˿ûм棬·Ϣ磬ʥ޷
ԽӽʥȻûҶȵĽ硣
ˣ
ʱһӵ۵ģ˽룬ѹҶȵʵȻ޷Ϣ
һγԣǺ˫ͫѪâһ㣬ֻǹϢ硣

һնȥһҶΧϢ磬һʯ
ɱꪣ
ֱһһβʩչͨһɳͷŨĴֳγ֣Ҫ÷
ʥʵϷж
ʱ˿̣ʵŴﵽ۷壬ʥӿ֮Уڲ·ҪƺҲһͷ

ꪺڹϢϣһϴνڹϽ֮ϡ
֮󣬾ϲ֣ϽȻû飬ϢѾһЩһֻҪһƿ硣
ǺϻӶꪣ硣
֮У
Ҷȿƾֹʵһ֣֮ӭĸо࣬һܡ
ΪҪǣһɾϵӿ룬ڸע
޷һ£Դ߶Ԫͷŷתһת
ֻѸоڣװ׶ʮֻӦ飬Ĵֻ֮ӡת֮ڣǸҹඥ
仯ҶȻ֮ǰһɻȻƲȬԪʮֹֻǰе屶Ҫ࣬һǴֻûϢ
屶ֻҶ߽λ̤ŽλǸ߲ת黹
ҵţҶȾŹ㣡
ҶԪһ棬ϹӶꪣʥһνһΣתķԼѳܲסι
ȥ
ǧͼ󣡡
תʧҶȳô۵֮ʣ߶˴ǧͼ꣬Ƶ

ﵽ߲ȼĴǧͼϴʱһﵽµҶͬʱ߶գۣҶϢͬʱˮ
ˣ
εٶȣӣ
׷ȥȻٶȣĲһǰ㡣

Ƶ
ͨѾƵ֮ˮ棬ȴҶȵԪͨ˵ǳȥ£ûɡ
ಣ
ǰƽˮ棬ͻȻһӰҶȡ
ͨںϣ߶ǧͼδ꣬ʯǡ
ֻʹңԶĺ֮ģ½Ͽգ·պʯһδ߶ǧͼ޾Ļԭ֮С
֮󣬴߶Լ¯Ĵܷʮ֮⡣
γɣҶͨ壬໥ںϸ
ҶڱԽԼ̫౶󲿷ֱҶʱӡֻʮ֮
㿪ʼᣬ߶Ԫ硣
ΪԪ󣬶ٶȣҶǰʮϣⶼΪҶڴӦµĿֲ֮С
ᣡ
Ԫγ֮УҲڶʱ䣬ΪһɴС״̬˫һϣԪҶ£˲ӡ£ΪһһߴСԴ
ڰ˿Դ
һǶ̶֮ھʹﵽģת飬ҲȻӦ飬µӴ󴿾ֻ
ž
飬ʮͣԲע⣬ҶһһѪΪµ֮
֮ǰƣ֮ǰ׼ҶҲѪ벻Ϊת飬һжıˡ
飬ȻҪһ̣ܶʱ䷢ӵǿ޷ıġ
һ˿Ϣᣬһת飬磬Ѿʧһ㣬ʣ㡣
Ҳǻʣתᡣ
һ㣬Ӧеֻڶ㡢ӦҲУתһιඥ
һʱ䣬ҶȸоǷӦһ顣
ӦʥصңһУҶ飬ҲǷʥصģԺʥҪʱҲȫ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ҶǸԹˣĵˣӲĴɱϣǶжˣȻҲᱨ
ʱ侲ҪŽλϲ
֮ģˮ硣
ಣ
ֻص֮ǰҶսĵطԵŭڣСӵʲô̥һɵ㣬ҵУ
˰ʱ

һֻںˮ磬վŽǿߣΪߣڼӣΧһ߽λв١
ӭȥڼӱȭˣ֮ǰץסСӣΪһķˣ
ָˣ
ڼһδְǺʵʵߣǲ򵥣
һ԰ΧҲ¶־壺ҴӵĸӦֻҪˮ򣬻ǲͷŹϢҶԴӺˮ֮Уͨ˾Ӧһ˿˿ټˣҲҵϳζԷߣٶ̫죬̫ңԶӦ
Ӧģ㶼޷ӦҲ׷ٵЩ£Ҳˣ
˷ģˣ׷Ŀ꣬ͬҰݣҸȼ֮󣬶ַ
ǵķˮ򿴿ûʲô
ڼӷ걳ǰʵӦܲˣ
Ǵﵽʥߣ˼
һһźˣԷƾһӵеͽλʵߣһ֣ѹƵ͸һɣҼɵ־ôãѾɱ

ڼһᣬҲûʲô˵ĺܶԣǾʹգһΣҪϣѹˣҲҪ˾ģ
᲻ߣµǿҪ֪Щˣǿд⴦̣˵һʹĻǣҪ˵̣
Ҳпܣǻȥϸ̸
ڼӼϹ걳һᣬкʧˮ֮С
ЩǱƵҶȣ߶תǿߡ벻Ǻ
һӰ
Ӧ顣
Ӻʧķ򣬲԰׵ӣȻЦݣϲΪﵽʥ񼶱ĺսȷţ
ҡˮ磡
ָ·׵Ͽȣ˵һϲ񣬾ʥǿߣˮ磬Ҳ޷ʥ񼶱ĺսֻ񣬲ˮ磬ﵽһӦ̶ȣ
ҶȣϵܣȻ춯أϲ񣬾ͿԴﵽ߶ȣˮݺᣬһҲﲻ˵زҿеҲϧΥʦֵ־һ̣Ϊʥأһ
Ϊһʥǿ
ƺҶϣ̺ľܣֻǻĵһЦǾղ԰׵ϣһĨ


1933 ̤Žλϲ
޾ԭ
񵤣
ҶֻɺһЩ飬ڻת龪˵
ٶԳԽƽʱʮٶȣ˻ָš
ֻһ£
˽λϲ
ʵҲֻﵽλҪͷ֣·һǴﵽ߲Ǿڣ
ʵҲܾ˵ĸ߶ȣֻӵеͽλʵҪ֣ܡ
߲ĿǰĿ꣬ҪתŽϲ
Ҷ뵶ūϵ÷񸮣һˮϿڣǱޣ͵ع顣
ͷڷӡת飬ԼӦµֻһγҶյ
ʱ˿̣ƺһԡת֮¡
ӷӡ֮гһһǹһֻͷ֮ӿҶȾѪ֮Уһʱ䣬͸оҪﵽ˽λϲ״̬
ͬʱҲӲ¯֮Уеӡ֮ԼӣתûŽλ
ں£ھѣں¡ͬ˺ѳգ
죬һΪѴﵽ˽λ״̬ʼԲ
ͨҲűһͬ硢ͨδü˽λھҪŽλ
һµָȥ
ôﵽ˰˽λ۷壡
˫ۣ侪˵âҶŵЦЦ߶ӡԪսӿȥ
Ԫһڽγɣ˿Դһԣγɺ嫵Ԫ
Ԫγɵ״̬ﵽֻͨ״̬ΪԪ֮УӵӦֻں֮ʹҶһ֮У̫⡢޼˻סֻȵȣﵽһƽ״̬
һԺҶȴ߶ֻֻͨľףֻ壬仯Ѿ
ںԪ֮󣬾ٶȽһӿ졣
ܿͻΪһɴСҶҲѾӡžУ˫һϣӡת·ڣԪ˵һԪ󣬾ͻΪһߴСԴ
ھſԴ
ͬſڽ𵤲֮УͷŻ⣬ҸҶȴ
飬תʣҶȴ߶ں֮УһɣʵﵽŽλ״̬
֮󣬿µûϺܳʱ䣬ھ֮Уͨȵȣ߽λŽλ
ٶȣͬһҶСۣҶҲԪ񣬲鿴仯
߽λ֮࣬Ӽ̣䣬Ŀǰ磬ҶȵʵѾĽλκεͽλҶȶ֡
صʮ߽λ񣬶Ҷϣռñˡ
ߵӰÿһһЩֻֻ̺ϢӰǰޣ
ڹ۲쵤֮Уһ߱仯
仯ģ
սʻʵۣԼҵǿ֮ΪߣڲӰʥҲĲϣһ˷ˣ޷޵شڣϢͬ䣬̺ǰ㴿
ˣôĴڣǵĻΣı壬ҲҲˡ
ֻӰ޵ĺܣܿܣҶȶֻصƿأֻãкܴϵӦֻֻӰҲһЩ仯ϡܿӴ
üӿٶȣ飡
ع飬ɵӡ֮Լӣ񵤣ת飬һתҲȫںϡ
Ҷȴ߽λֱӿ˽λﵽŽλҲǾһǷ棬Ԫ𵤡ʸ棬ӦܵΪҶ׼˳㡣
һȥɣҶҲںȫֱӴӸͻ״̬ﵽŽλ߶ȣҶȵһν֮󣬱ﵽ״̬
ĴܷΧ֮УҪʼȫ硢󷨡ͨŽλϲ񣬻ҪԪ䡢ˮ¡̷ںϡ
ʱ˿̣ˮ硣
ͼ룬֮С
ڼϷ֮䣬ͷŮˮѹսսŮ·һĴ
ǺûɫոմӼˮµ֮УΪѡģڼҪλŮ͸
¾Ͳˣȥ
һͷкŮֿڼӣΪ㲻ֱˮߣ˽ˮ˽·Ůū׬һʣ
ڼ΢΢Ƥӵ£ǻ᲻֪Щ£
ĪҲ֪
֮ģߵĵ̣κ⣬ֻ߿ƿأЩˣԽ磬Ҳ֪ߵֶΣƶһĮģ˵һУ˽ūʲôû߱⺣֮ˣ
¶ˣ
ʵЩǼˮǳģǲߺ׬ĸ࣡
ˮǰһ
ʱԵģˮǺ֮ģūӣʱʧȥʱˣ㿴ߣ᲻ʰˮ˵һˮһٸˮߵĶ֣ԡʱղûʱˣȥߣ¶һЩ߱ͽ䣬Ҵͼĵ̣٣ˣȺ䣿
ȻûټϴεõѵѶԶԶģĸٳ֣ǵ
мĺߵ
ڼ׵Ĵͼһ㶣ܴ֮⣬Сʻ괬ЩأҲҪǿӦԣһͻȻˣһɻԼʮūŮūҪͻؽгʱ䣬ȥһˣ˳ȥЩߣǲǻڼ˽˽
ã
ͷӦ

䣬̫ҵ֮У
ݣ
һУӲӵƯڴҶ롣
꣡
磬̫꣬޼˻׵һһϣֻľ
ΪõӦ飬µֻʩչֻԼֻ׶ˣֻΪ֮ϣҶֻҪУֻԽԽ档
̫һҲֻںϣ̫ͬȵΪ̫һһ֣Ҳʱ
ʱֻҶҪֻľӿ
ޱ֣
Ȼ䣬ӲӵУͻȻУһֻ֣¡һץôգ¡¡ͣҶһθı̬ɫУҲΪһֻ֣ǵصƣѹ¡
һδβͣУޱҲյԽ졣
ˣ
һҶȸӦ
뿪䣬Ժһ⣬ŵū𣺡ˣͼǿߣѺһūȥгҪҪ·ɱ

ʹã̫ˣ㵶ūõ̫ħزڤףҶҲðգһǵһĪҪżĸӦпܱ׷ٵ
ɽˮ꣬Ȼδﵽ߲񣬵ڵʵѲѹģ
ʵͻͽû뵽ô죬Ҫٴ


1934 ع
߶ǧͼʮԵص֮ģҶȴʱΪϴǧͼ߲ٶٴߣ͵Ƶ
ͨ壬ص浺硣
һϿ֮УҶںϡ
֮УҶȼΪʵȻͯϣȻϿ֮С
źͼˮ
ͼˮҶȲδ룬źƹƬˮ֮ͨˮķ
ǰֵܣƿصĽгҲǺ֮ģΨһۼ֮أͼ򡢷ūﾭ
Ȼȥ·ϲҪ¶ϢͼˣĪŻţע⣡
ӻ֣úһˮ
δһˮ֮УͬʱԼӣʱʱ̿ץסʱС
ʵֻӥץСϷ֣ԺҲ㿿ҽ߲ٻԸ
˼һδΪʵԾմմϲӽСģֶ̹Ρ
߲һ̤߲Ͳηηβ潻֣Ҳɵ
Ȼʱ䣬ٶˮ֣պÿԻص˻ӣͰûҲ㾡⣡
ģҪں֮ģʵΪҪƵչж뷽跨ΪƵеĺģܿƽܣ뺣֮Ⱦ֮С
ˣ
˼죡
ӦȻ˶ҶϢҲˮһṦʮ֣룬һסū
ЩūŮŮУŮӾӶ࣬ϣҲòֻв԰գһûжྫǱĥò
ǣҶɱͲ
룬ҶȼϤĴ
һۣһں֣ѹū޼ɵ뿪ͼˮ
ﶯãȻǴͼķΧк벻Ҿǵ֮ڶ֣Ǹֲ
ʱ߶ͨͷųʮ׿ܣӵкϢģȻý׿ܣˮΧ
ٶȿ㣬ϣ
һͷűӣʱʱ޴ū߿ᰤ򣬶ūûκʹѽľûиоŮӣҲûһ£Ƶ䣬ȴû˿
ᣡ
ΧˮͻȻʮ߶ĺӰ·Ӻѹѹĺˮ磬һӾʹܳ͡
ѵ
ˮֻһַӦһ׿ܣޱȣﵽλĽλ߶ȡ
䣡
תۣмͷС
Ϊ䣬ʱ֣һˮΪΧᣬһȭƱ֮󣬰һ׿ˣܣ顣
ݣ
׿ܻδסӰǴ߶
ҶʵﵽŽλϲʵĽλЩ׿ܵʵȻҲﵽ
ʮͷһ붼ڽ׿ܹ¡
ͽλƺûг֣Ǵ·Ѱʲô
ң
䣬ҶȲ֪ʲôطֶسڰǰˮĮȻһɨǰƽ
죬һЦȻ㣬벻ϴνһ㻹һҾǵ֮ڣ
ֻ㣬ԺŶҪСģʱʱ̶̿Χǵһһһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫ΪͼЩūǡҪˣ

״Ц˼˫̽ӡ
ಣ
󷽣׿նɱһͻȻһ׿ܣ˻Ϊһ޴УͻͻͻؽūϷ
ҵĶòߣ
Ȼ֣Χˮ˲ᣬƿ֮£գۻΪٵǴ̣ͬһǴ̴ɽҶȺɱȥ
סҵĻһʱʱ̿Χ㣡
ǽӽʥĺȻԵҶĿģնɱҪūȳڰ硣
Ǵ̱ɽѹȶ
ҶһΣʧ
һʧɸɾǴ̴ɽҶʧˮռ䣬˻𣬴Ƿӡ
ūūˣ
츳ͨѰˮеҶȣɭɭʧɫһԡ
δӣ
ֿʼΧˮռĺˮִΧų󲿷Ǵ
ಣ
ʮ󣬴ȻҶȵټȴһȺڵĺΪߣһ
ͼ
һڼף˻ƺۣĺҲΪﵽ߽λĴڣʮ֮࣬һˮ棬Ҳֻк֮һ࿹⡣

ͼʱϥء
Ҳ˫ۣһֺ״ָ̬Сˣ
ϳɹѱūҲˣֶΣҴͼūҲᣬȥǿ䱸ɷŹκο
ͼνŭ죬ĵ̣ūҲˣ˵ȫܴ裬ֿ˵ĲҲӦƬˮ򣬵ȷû쳣Ϣʲô취ϢҪ˻֣еһΣеڶΣ
һﲻȷǸ
ҪҴͼ׶ȥʮֽƻǲЩʱ򣬲壬꣡
ˣ
߰һЦղ뿪ʣһЩȻΧѰš
ͼҪ⣬һЩ壬ϵЩϷҲĪūҳ֣ڱˣ
ǧԶˮҶֳ߶ߣѴͼԻһ
ͻƾŽλҲڿںˮ磬ΧøԶ
㣬ҶȾںϣһͻصˮ档

ָ䣬һ֮С
ʮججūУƺ˫ۡ
Ҷִ߶һЩó߼񵤣ÿ˷£һתʶ֮ʣҶȴʧããˮ档
浺
صʯͨ壬Ҫ򵶷浺һͨ壬Ҫعʮ˻ӡ
߶ǧͼҶһƬһƬˮ򣬲ϴ󣬵ʯ䣬ͷɹʯǣȻһδ꣬ϴ·ߡ
һ£

ǻˣʵߣٶȸӾˣ
ƯϷȥܲãأԼˮ磬ȫһ죬һء
󣬻ʥԬ繧ţҶȳ֣ҶһȦҶó
ʱ˻ӷϢ
ֻһṦ򣬰˻ӾʹվҪ뿪ʥأصҶȵȴɡ
ʱ䣬ҶֿԳŽλϲ
֮УյҶȣץסһͷǿұԴϢıԴϴںһ飬ȫʵͻͽһںһֻϣʵﵽŽλ۷壬ȻصƵͨںϣ߲񣡡
һ鱾Դϡĸ߼һ飬˾ͿкãҶȫԪﵽƽ⣬ڼ䣬ܲΪ˻ӰæҪץʱ䣬׳Լ


1935 涾ַ
߼Դʥ񣬶
޾˶ΪҲֻܣѱԴΪղƷͻ
ҶҲкüԭ
䡢Լ̫һ
Ҫ棬̫һκڻκεʣ䣬ṩʱ䡣
һ֮
Ҷѳڴʹ֮ǰ
ʹǽţдʿأҶһۣƲԱȴ̹ܵӭ
֮ҶȾ̫ӵ
ǿ߲٣
̤빬ҶȾѸӦǿߣһλŽλУʮˣϢӴഫ
Ҷ̴һ䷿ڣϢ죬˻ˬʵЦڹΧҶ뿪䣬ǰʱʮʿŮӵİ˻ӣ뵱ҶȼģӦͨߣһ
˻һۣͷڣͬһ١
£
ʱĸ֣Ҳһһ߳㼯ڴǰҶҲУһͬ˻
ĪҪףǶ֮ˣ
Ϊʥ̫ϵӣϷΪ̫ӣ˻ӻ£ͷžµơ
һһÿ˱ȭҶʱصͷȻһ䣬ʮˣ֮С
ڴ࣬˻ҳȻϾϲˣи衣
֮󣬰˻ӲŮһһ뿪Ϸ·֣λҪлλ
¿
Ϊڰ˻֮ϣûһˣڰ˻ǰڳΪǴ̫ӡ
ʥص̫ϵӣ
̫ϵȻȴо޴ǱʥԼʥص̫ϵӣص˲š
˴αչسӵʥ񣬱һˣһͬȥҲлλ֣ЩҴĸδʥأһЩ񵤣΢ȴǱһ⣡
ʹãΪЧǵң
վ׷
ʥص񵤣ͨ񵤣ҲһʿܵõģҲı
˻ﶯ䣬󷽷ÿ񵤣һ־ʮʥص񵤣ȡ
˻Ҳ˵һЩ׻ûйϸܣ֮뿪Ҷȴ
ֻʣ˻ҶȣϷΧſڵ֣㾭Ӫ£ʱ䣬Ϊ׬ðʯϣҲʱ߳ʥչ
Ҳ뷨ӣЩ¾Ͳģʥϵ̫ϵӣλϣ
Ϊ̫ϵӣҲɸǣʥڵȥˣ֮УҲ֮һˣӵ̫ϵӵţ֮һǸΪ˵֣пǣʥص̫ϵӣӵ֮࣬ҪӱΪ˧Ӣµţкܳ·Ҫߣ
˻ԵΪǫ飬ָֻܿƣһתҳΪ̫ϵӣʥҲ´һȥʮ½رԵҲǹһϸԪż֮УѰһ

ҶȱԵһֱƽŰ˻ⷬʱͷһ

ǿͨɽͨ
ϸԪһɣΪ涾̡רƸֲĶϸԪкڣἫһʱһʥأ𣬶ǻԭԪĩڣյ䣬Ҫǹ涾̡̫Ҳ꼰޹һҹ֮䣬ͱ׹ţ
˻渵涾øֶݺһҲ޷ӹضڷ֮£涾̴Ҳڷż֮УЩ꣬һֱʥءţǸǿߣȥѰ涾̵ıرƶĵϾÿӵⷽʥҲ⣬Ԫڣһֱɵӣȥ涾żѰңɶûгɹеĵӣУʬ嶼ҲʥȥҲһԣ
ѰΣգֳΣҶԽ侲Ӧһ䣬ɫ
ǰݴԣ涾ż֮Удѹռ䣬˶ͷ۵ĵطʥǿߣҲһҪѹƶôףɽ࣡
ǻҵ⣿
֣Ҫ񣬾㲻񣬶˵ֻһӰ죬񣬶Ҿдã֪ɲƻⶾ֮񵤣ֻҪܿƶһǰ㣬ҲɻĿܣһЩ
ʱ˻üȡϵĿ⣬Ҷȡ
Ҷװ˻뷨Ҳó˻ʵҲûжٰ취ϾԪǿȥ涾̣ûеõ
Ȼ̫ϵӣҲֻһͽλܱЩǿ߻Ҫб£
ҶȱȭⶾǿƣҲҪݶʲôͣòϣ񵤣
Ҿ֪һа취
°Ѱ˻ֵá
Ȼ涾ַԶպҿʱ˳ȥҲЩ꣬ҲһЩȻ仯Ӷҵɽİ취
ҶȺĴӦ˻ӣȴŹ
֣̫ӵϢ죬Ҫ׼һ£
˻˴ҶȥϢҶ뿪ã֣֮ǰ뿪Щ֣һˡ
⼸֣ǰ˻ӿصҪһͬǰ涾ַ
֮У
ҶȻץסʱУŽλ۷履ҪϲԽ߲ҲһѹأҪʱ䣬κξ硣
¹ȥҶȾ˻Ӵ֣ҶһһȻһͬ뿪ʹ
˻ҲѰ磬뿪֮һ򣬼ٷȥ
֮УΪߵģһŽλֻҪʥ񣬰˻ʵҲǼΪǿģ
ԶҶȰעоֹΪ˻ЧЩ˶ҰĵģҲҪ׼ԷЩʲôľٶ
һУѾʥһʥرԵؽ磬ֻ˰깦ѾļŵԭҰ硣
ãձƣΪǰԶˮ磬Ҳǹڵˮ
֮ۿҪˮ򣬶Ҳڴ˸ı䡣
һƬƵĻȺɽϿգŰ˻ʾ⣬˿ǰأش󲿷ֶǷ档
Ƭ룬涾̵ڣڴҪغϢĪҪ˷ڽǣǻˣ
˻ӶˣԵ쳣Сġ
Ȼʥ̫ϵӣЩطǿߣɱҲɱˣʥΪô
˶ûˣ
Ե˽˺ҲҴ⣬𽥿档
ЩϢȻ¹ķ棬һЩͬôȥ½ϵķ棬Ѿͬ𽥸ı䡭
ҶȰ˽طϢһӦջС
УϷ·һƬɭ֣ڷ֮ϣֻλãһ߸͹ķ棬룬ΧһЩƷɽ壬ˡ
⼸֮£涾̵ĵҲҪСЩ棬ʱͺܼ̣Ѱʿͨھ棬Ѱҽ涾̵ͨô꣬Ȼҵ˲ַȽЩַ
˻óһݵͼһܣһӵͼϵһС


1936 ʯаʬ
Ҳһоͼ
һۣСɽ
Х
ͻȻӷԵһЩ֮Уɳһʿ
ԵüΪǱ̧ͷһͼ֮ϣպ֣ɷһЦȰλǲҪȥĺã
ֻЦ˵꣬һɶʧ֮С
ΪߵľŽλһߣ˻ӣΪﵽ߽λ񣬿֮Уʲôò뿪
Ҳһ֣
˻ɫһƳϸķ֣ˣ٣һЩ仯һͷɽ
Ҳȥ
˵һɽɽ֮϶һЩʯ֮ΧһƬС֣˻óͼһ·λǰԲп
Сʱһǰ
ͨһλʥصӣˣֵģ֪˭ھ涾һ䣬ǽȥ
˻̤붴ߣҲһȥ
߹ȻھɣԿھۼ
Ȼо綾Ϣ
붴֮УҶȾͨӦնϢⶴӵһɲǿҵĶ
⻹ֻ棬֪浽ʲô
Խڰֻͷʱ֮󣬷·ĳر㣬ͨԽԽһЩѷ죬һЩ㣬שߣԼһЩ̹ĺʯ
Ȼ涾ַֻǲ֪涾̵ܵǵӻʲôġ
ͣ
߾ͷһĿռ䣬˻ˣͻȻͷǵӭһɰ֮ʼ֨֨ĦɫС
Сģ
Ϊߵߣɫŵػ֣˶ʱͣٶһ¡
Ȼͷһ⣬ʼӴռϢ
̣
սռ䣬ͷһǿҵĦ
ͷˣǿңҲܴ⣡
Сģ
˻˶һ䣬ǰռ䡣
㶾ʲô
֮УΨпıҶȣʵΪɣκ˵Чġ
ϸϸӦ֮ռ䶾ĸ߶ȣֻܶԸϲ񣬶Ը˸߲񣬿⴦ż涾̵ܵ
ռ֮˶ͣɣΧռ䵹СнǧƽĴݻţٿռΧұڣȻǷ棬һ㣬Ҳмھĺۼʿ֪ﲻ涾ܵǾֲܵǺԶ
Ҫھ棬ôѡ
ҶȶԴ˽ģɽ磬ۣͥڷĩ£ھͨ꣬ҲûгɹȻʱ磬Ҫھ棬ɲס
СʱϤ˻ӰѴټĴھһ£ҵܵڣΣɲһˣ
ãﶾǺǿңǿԼһʱ䣡
Ҷû飬˻仰˵뷨Ȼǰ˻ӵ񣬿ĸ룬ñȻ˻ӶˣҲͬ⣬ҿֵñ
񣬾Ͳ񣬶˾ۼһһͬ涾Ѱ
ͬɢȥ˻ҶԱߣʵ֣ΣĶаգƳⶾ񵤣
ûаգԳһ£Ҷص˵
޷ƽⶾ񵤣ҲһЩⶾ񵤣ȳȥҸطʲôջ񣬼̽һϣ
ǣ
Ҷȵͷ򶴿߱ȥ
˻ʼϸϸΧʼż֮Ѱҡ
ص棬ҶȵһЦԶԶģҸطʼʩչ
Щʲôƽⶾ񵤣ҲֻһṦʱ䣬ںϱԴ
УҶȻУԼһ깦㹻߲ʵ
ʱĺܿ죬ҶȴӾ֮УһֵıԴڣʱԪ񣬶űԴʼںϣҶҲ𽥽һ״̬Դںϣоһ֡
ôãһ롭
ֲ鿴ԴٶȹȻʣһ룬һ룬ҶҲֻպһ֣ﵽŽλ۷Ϳˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһͨ壬ڵ浺֮Уȫգ޷ͻƸ߲˷Դ
ಣ
ߺȻҶ̧ͷ߿գ˼ʮʿϲΪֱӷ涾ַ棬ҲһȺѰߡ
涾ַ֮УвٵѰˡ
ʱ֮ʣҶȾֹͣУץһ񵤣ƷʲߣϢҲǿңⶾ񵤣ȻܸǣֿԿƶ񵤣㹻
Ȼʦɲڰ˻ǰչ¶̫˵
ôʱ䣬ͿƳⶾ񵤣ͻ෴Чð˻ӵˣΪҶ̫ˡ
â̫ҫۣȻ鷳
붴֮УʱУռ
Σ֣
˻ӵɹķҡһЩڴͷĿ⿴Ҷȡ
ޣʱֻƳӵпƶ񵤣ȴҲǾƾ֪ܴﵽʲô߶ȣ
һץһУͳҶС
˻ӽӹһ񵤣ɫ͸ϢϢȻǿң͸һظС
ȸһԣԼΧСĶ
뿪űзˡ
ҶǽڣϸѰңͨ˽⣬һ̾Ȼ棬һʣиһʿͶԷûãԪ޷뿪ռ䣬ӦҲ޷͸̫Զ
֣񵤣ȻӵпãڴҶֹͣɣ񵤵ҩ⡢ڣγһɿⶾǿж
˻ӺܿҶȼ
ʲôҶû͵֡
ү񣡣
Ȼ봫һ
˻ҶȷɹȥҲΧֻһڵ棬ھһĴӣڣбһʯˣǸӡ
̵ȥбţ˫չָſγɹΣ·ץʲôſ죬Եʮ־㤡
ô˹ĵ̣
ʲô⣬үһȣȥ
ʯĸ֣̽ӣ߶ʯ泾һһʧȻ¶һ˲ʯˡ
˿öľʯ̵̫ˡ
ʯڣôһǿҵĶ۵ҶȣͨӦʯ֮ڣ·ʲôĶ
֣Ҫʯ񾿾ʲôܡ
ͣ
֣ոҪʯʱʯ˫֣Ȼ˹ŸһץڸּʱӦΪһģץұۣʯˣץһѪ⡣
㣡
û뵽ʯǻģ˹죬˵ĸ֣ŵòᣬŭգʱվ߶ʯˡ
̣
ϧδ֣˿ڴһĦ֮ҰһɺɫϢ
漸ˣɴ˫ۣ֪һУô¡

ڴʱֵ˿ڴȻʼʯ
Ϊɫʯ˿ڴʼӡ
ȣȣң
ŵһŤΣ͸Ŷı飬뿪ӣϷġ
ڣ˭ȥ˭ܾ
ȡ
ʯٶȼӿ죬һ񣬾ȻûκοⶾֱۣΪ˺ɫʯҲʼʯȻ󽥽ľͷû˶ΪˣѳΪŵʯˣһģһʯ


1937 żռ
̫ˣ
һ̫ͻȻ˶벻Ҳ޷Ԯ֡
ֹľ綾˭ȥ
һ֣̾Ϣţ¶亹
˻ҡҡͷΪΣֵܣԲסˣ
£ǶԸģκ£ǶκԹԣһֵƨ
ʲô綾ʯ壿
˶ͲãʯԶһЩҶȴ뿿ʯľ綾ѾѰľ綾Ȼжߡ
ɰ˻ӵΧҶһʱҲûа취
СģνȻˣҲҪȡҲҪõ˻Ȼųһȵ£óÿжԥ
ȻĴ֣ȥطѰңҶҲ뿪һ࣬뿪Զλãͼæصӡ
ֱӽַʯϡ
ǣ
ʯǷȻһڲͬĶҶƤԼѪ⣬ʱʼһɣҶȸоϤѵ
֮еģϵ
֮УȻ̺ϵ
֮࣬Ҷȼ̷ϵ̺綾һЩȻ壬γɵģֻܣɾ綾Ҫôϵͨʿ涾̵ֻ涾̵ӣ֮£õϵǱĽϵ붾ϣŵ˿µľ綾
ף
ƺ뵽ʲôɫޱ˷ܣǾϵҿںϣΪӵӤھ綾ҸûЧǿҳʯĸԴգҲӤգ
ϵ֮һҶһֱڿѰңֳɵģ
޷ȷʯһʯˣ涾̣
ֻһʯˣӵʯղ˶涾̣пܣҶȻõһϵ
Ȼµʮ֮УҲһǻ£׼ʲô¡
˿˿
̴ҶȰʯеʯͳͳڣֻ뿪ӡ
һԣ鿴ʯʯŴﵽһλϲ״̬нһ룬ϵҶȵȻϵںˣʣһ붾Ҳ̫һںϡ
һʯˣ
ͻȻڶ洫һ־
Ҷ̷ɹȥҲۼһͬˣƯһӶϷ֮ǰĳ棬Ҷһʯˡ
һʯˣʯпܣʯ涾ڲ֪ΪλɢЩʯˡΪʯ񣬶Щʯˣ񣬴пܣ涾̵ĵӣ
ĪȥԺʯˣ͵ˣ
˻ӳ˵ֻ뿪
ȳ˲ע֮ʣҶİʯϵʯ׷롣
ʯ˵ףҲһֶΣҲǼ򵥵ͨ
õҶȻܸˣʯϵװΪϵӤһͬںϣҶӤͬʱ
ʯʵҲһţͨ
ϵ綾ںϣγʯһͨҶȵǿʩչպӵӤ㲻ϵҲԴ߶ʯ
ȥ
˻Ӱټռ䣬ֻھһͨѰ涾̵̳ҲǴ룬ֻʱ뿪ȥѰң
Ƕµģ
˵ͷ
˻ӹϴ뿪ص֮󣬴һͬѰҶߣв٣Ϊھģȴûҵκ
ֹһ꣬Ѱҽһ棬ȻʧȥǷڴ֮ʱϣֳˡ
үǷһ˵ĸ֣
ͻȻѰҶߵҶȣõ˻ٻɽͷְ˻Ĵ֣պҲۼһ
һ֣С԰˻˵Ǹһλ񣬶˫ۣǹʯҲ綾ϲ˺ۣѾһϢһɽѨˣպñҷ֣Ϊ׷ɱģ˵һϢ
˶ֱ˶䣡
ֵһаˣһ֮УһѷһƬǿҵĶռ䣬ܾ涾̳һ˰Ϣһˣ壬󲿷ֱնɱ
ãϢͺãЩ˶࣬ǼһɱһڰȴȥǸ֣
˻¶һЦݣŸ֣ǰʯ֡
һṦ򣬴ҹȻһɽѨǰ棬̼һһϢĸ֣Ʋס
ͣ
˭֪˻һնͷ­ֿˣɱҪԭ򣬾ǰʹ࣬Ϣø֪
Ҷû֨һ֣С˷ʬ壬ҵһö䣬һ˻ʾԼ£뿪ɽѨ֮󣬷һɽͼһߣǰ
үһλڶڣ
֮УΪߵľŽλߣ˻Ӵ
ȥնɱ
˻վҪ򶴿ߣһǰһֱӷ򶴿ߡ
Ȼʩչͨһ࿿
ಣ
ߣأͻȻӶڣʹ̳һڵ񽣡
ۣ
һɽһɽߣصĸ֣ոմӶһ࣬ɱŽλߣӰһͬʯ˵档
ҲأһץһϢǿߣ
˻ӵ˷ɹƷǿߣʵʲôʹʲôʵҿԷһ·
ã
ԷѡأλǿߣԾŽλǿߣһֻ
ǻжˣȫ棿ʲôջ񣿡
һʮˣ˶ѰǸոմռӵо綾޷룬һпµʯͻᱻʯ˼죬ֻҵʮƷʻ
ۣ
ջش꣬ŽλߣָһŤذѶԷԴժȡʬ巭˷Ȼ׵ԶԶġ
ҶȼһĻûжٶݣǼʶ˻ֶΣȻᣬ飬Ҳ޿ɺǣǷŹˣк󻼣鷳ֻɱһѡﵽʥǾͿĨ˵ļ䣬ǿԷŹ
ʮˣ񣬵ȴûдﵽ۷֣ȥ֮󣬸ҪСģ
˻ӿˣֶҶʵ֣ǷԤ˿ƶ񵤣
мţ
ҶȵóĿ񵤣ҲҶȣ¶ɵ͹Ŀ⣬֮󣬰˻ӾʹŴң붴ߡ
һʱ֮Ǿͼһѿĵط졣
ط죬ҶȾ͸ӦǿҵĶԼ֮ǰյʯϢһʮʿϢ
Լʱƺر֮£ԼλãͷһҰĿռ䡣
ಣ
֣ɹϷ
Ҫϣ飡
˻ӹϾҪЩ˰ɱ֣ΪǿߣҪԸԷΪߵļߵΪҲ߽λߵΪһӽˣ˿⡣
ռ䣬һĶռ䣬ΧҲżۼռ룬һƬͷǿҶĿռ䣬֣ƯΧ취
ͣ
ͻȻ䣬Ӱ
˵ɱ
͵Ϯ
ȻԷҲ˰˻ӵˡ
ͣ
һ߲񣬸ոֳͱӰ߳ҶȣһնС
ðǿߣһֳӰչնɱʬһһ׹䡣
һﵽʥǿߣǲһ


1938 
ռ䴦ɱ˻һӵҶƵ񵤣ٶȡ棬дơ
ҶֻԸʵﵽ߲ǿߣ˰֮󣬿ռţ಼𣬰˻ˣռϷ
ռ֮У쳣Ũң֪ʲôܣ
һֿˡ
Ҳ֮ġ
ⶾռڲƺһ׸ķӡ󷨣ƺӡʲô֮УСҶȣԽκˣͨиӦֶռ䣬һﵽʥ߶ȵĽ硣
֮УȻʲô
ȱ𼱣Ĵ
˻Գ˼һΧɢȥ
ռַۼǰпһܴĹϧһжˣѰһûзʲôĵط
ֻ붾ռ䣬Ψܡ
˻ٴռϷ·쳣Ũң֣ܲܰѶӡ
Ҷû˺󼸲һͬһ⣬붾âϿգΪߵߣһӡ
ˣ
⣬Ϊһµӡռץȥ

ץڶϷ֪쳣ü˷˺󼸲
ǽٶ֣
ڴʱҶռ䣬ĳһɭ
ҶȻһ𣬴һΧ޷ȷԴλãˣϸԪķôܻʿڣ
ϸԪѱ涾̣ƴĹһ磬лˣĪѰߣͨͨռ䣬Զһַռ֮У
ˣҶҲڿǣҪҪ߰˻ϢԷʵͣпܣӵʥ񼶱ǿߣЩ˿ܶҪ

־һһһλ㼯Ѵﵽʥ߶ȣսӡһɾƣݺݵڽϷ
䣡
һΣȻ飬ѪɫͻȻڶŵüæܣѪѪ·¶һ̳̳룬һĵͨ
ˣΣ͸¶ǣҲ޷ֹǣ
Ҷ벻̳·һͨⲻ֪ͨͨһƺû˵涾ַռ䡣
ԭҶȻţҪΣźţ͸¶ˣڳһĻţͨ·Ȼ
Ȼ˻Ӽûпǣּ䣬ʹż˷ͨպôʱǹѪɫѾɢڿռ߿գֻҪѹƲֶͿԽ֮ͨС
ûа취ҶҲȥԼҲõ涾̣صʯ
֮ͨ󣬾ȻͨûκۼʮֿͨϣҲһЩʯˡ
ʯ˻о綾˲һ£ӿٶǰȥ

ԼǧףͻȻ䣬ͨʯǽһɾһֲǽ壬Ȼִ֣ݺݵײϷ
ɱ
ͬʱͨˣˡ
ֳֽѸɱ
߽λСģ
߻һһɨˣͿΪ
Ũҵɱ
ҶΪΪһǱزȱ٣Ȼ˱룬ӦˣȻӵޱۺɱ
ɱ·ǴʱҪնɱˣͷŵɱһɣ־ɱ⡣
ְҵɱ֣뵱еһƴҶȰˣɲöԸһǸ֡

˻һĸ֣ӭȥһʱ䣬֮ͨУײʱִ۵ײ𻨡
Լһ㹦ǿʵ£ڰغնɱ
ǲǵһͨģСģЩ˶ɫ˻߽䣬˶
ţ
˼ǰһߺʬ֮ϾʱҶȴ˴磬Щˣɱ֣缫Ϊ񣬿ϧûʲôݵƷ
Ī
ҶȰһ֯صĺܣ˽ҲѰҸֱ涾̵ıҲһֱõԲ
ξΣˣǿǼʶģӵʵҲɼɵ˿⡣
ֻҪʥ񼶱ǿߣӦûлᡣ
̫ˣôĸ֣ҡҡͷԸţ֮ǰһϹ²ġ
ͨһֱţƺһֱ
桭
˶ΪۼͨͷһҲһ涾ַ֪ӭģȴһƬ̮ķռ䡣
Ƭռ俴һɽܴ󣬼߼ʣĶǿʢ
涾̵ĵֻǲ̳ҲӦÿѰ
˻߳ͨ綼Ƿ棬Ҷƣʮֿ£Ҹ棬ȻһЩµʯˣǰڷУֻ¶һֱֻۡ
֮ǰ²࣬Щʯ˶涾̵ӣϧ̫֮ͻȻ׹䣬涾̵ӣ֮У涾ǹʯֱЩӣҲΪʯˡ
ֱһĹ
˲ɵͷ˻Ӷ֮ǰˣӦûֹǣСģһѰһӦΧ
Ӧû֣
˿ͷǱΣֻΣŰ˻ӻ֣˿ʼͬ汼ȥ
˻ɫһְѼ뿪Ҷ֣̫ΣգΪﶺٰԭ·أصң
£ﻹмŵҩԷ⣡
ǸԼһ̨£ҶȸպҪ취ѰʯԴ˻ӼȻ뿪Ҳû˵ó񵤣תصͨʧ
˻պ񵤣ȥ
ʱ֮ҶȾ뿪ѷ죬Ķռ䣬̷ͨ壬Ȼص棬Լıò߶£Ϊһۣ۷
ռ䣬߶֮ڴﵽʵôǧͼߣʩչ֮һʥ񣬶ԸӦĴڡ
龻֣
Ƭ޴ռ䣬Ȼֻˡ
ͨӦǰ˻ӵˣȻӦ죬ȻڷǰӦʮǱϢ
һȻؼ̺˿ֲɱ
Щɱ֣ڰж⴦桭ҵÿǵݡ
Ҷֻص֮ǰʬǰ߶ץסʬ壬ӦϡڣʲôƷ
Ȼ䣬ǵ֣ͬʱһö䡣
Ĩ֮УҶͻȻһΪ׾ͼһϤƣСϵĴ֡

Ȼ䣬Ҷȸоһģôɵ飬ѰҲˣ
ȻͲ飬ɱ˲գۡ
ʬ壬صռ䣬Ϣǰ·˻ӵʱû˷쳣
Ӱոȥռ䣬ȻŨңڳʱȻʴ£ûдﵽֲĸ߶ȣ棬ǵϢԼַ֮ࡣ
߿գҪǿʢŽλҲԿɶ
ʮɱ֣棿
ԵλãҶȼһ񣬲࣬һ࣬ʮϢڴ󷽴
ɱ֣˭
ɱ֣صҶȶϢӵгӦһ˸Ӧ˻뼸֣϶ûзɱ֡


1939 Ӱ
Щɱ֣Ҳǰ˰˻ӡ
Ҷ׼Щɱֳ֣ĨɱЩɱ֣ҲӰ˰˻ӡ
Ǵ߶ǧͼʯ
ʯ󷽣ͨӦʯڲҲһͨ
ʮɱֵĺϢͨռȻ֮ͨв죬ͨӦϢҶȺףȷͨĳȣԼ
Ҳ࣬ѾǺķ㣬ʯ֮µͨͨһռ䣬ɱֳпܣռ䣬ͨһεĿռ䣬󲿷ֱѱɱֵõ
ҵһȽϱʯ㣬߶ָſٴ߶Ӥ΢΢ͷһֵϵ
̣е˳
ϵںγһʯ㣬ݵʯһϢ࣬ûκζ
ȻҵӤʮִǸ
ҶȵһΣʩչӤҲǵһδ߶ϵû뵽ƶʯףϢû˿
һֻһ˽Ķڣչ¶˳ҶȻضУְʯ˻ȥ
Ȼһںͨʯǰɱ֣ڸӦ˻һһʮһɱ֣׺󷽣֮ͨʱ̴
ޣܷʮɱ֣
ЩɱֱɱҶĴ߶ĴܷҲ͸ޣȻ⣬˹
Ҷȴ߶ǧͼΪﵽ߽λĺɱ֡
ɷ֣
һˣԱʵ
Աһ˵ֻҪͨͲҪﶯ֣뿪ǰиȥɱǣ
ֵ˵ĺܶԣڶ֣ڱ¶Լλã֮УһӳһͨҲܱ
ɱֵܣܰװ׷Źǣ
ǵ񣬲ɱˣͨɱˣ񲻱¶Щֵܣһȥ
˽һܿ϶һɭ־塣
Ī涾̵ķֹЩɱ֣
˱ҶȰϸ΢ĶԻһ룬㿪ʼͨޡ
ˮ
Ҳ࣬Դĳˮ
ˮһ״һɱֵԴŲ赲Ĵڶ𡢵Դ
߽λ񣬾˱Ҷɱ

ͣ
󷽰Ҳ˵Ķֻͨڲص
Ҷȶ鿴ʬ壬ȷʵûȻһһڣתͨѷʮΪֻλµɱ֣ͳͳܷɱʵ󲿷ֶ޵ֶΡ
޶Ըʥ񶼲⣬ԸЩʲô
Ϊ˽ޣһɱʬ壬ʳҶԼһʬ壬ںĴܷ֮Ҷȼͨȥ
ͨ㹦ҶȲͷǰǷ磬һ˵Ķ硣
֮羪ˣΪ߶ȣȻﵽ˸߽λʥҲ˵磬Ǹ߽λʥµġ
һԪʱ䣬涾̵ķѵδʧܱʥ߶ȣ
ҶȾ벻ͨΪڷ֮УʥĽ硣
ϸӦ磬Ҷȸ֣ʮֵҶȸе˼顣
һ죬͵Сȥͨڣ
ͻȻһĮӽһ˴˹
ˣ磬ʿܽǲ˽ɣ
һɻʵ
ǲҪСˣаأԶȥ֮ǰ˵꣬ƺ뿪ˡ
Ҷ˫üɱ֣Īɱ֣ͷ涾̵̳ȡ
һǰʥµĽ磬Ȼǳ֣֮ԭͣ涾̵̳
ߣװױǣ񲻿ϧ
ЦЦȻ߶򣬻ش棬ս
Լʱ֮ͨսﵽһ磬ںϵĵزҶ̽磬Ϣһʱһ湬Ŀռ䡣
⴦ռ䲻󣬵ǿԿӦþ涾̵̳м棬ԳΡ֮ȻݣҲ˵ֻ涾̳˹ģĹ
ΧЩģҲСַĶҪǿʢʮϣǶκҲǴ粽С
ڷһһĹ֮Уʮɱ֣ƺ¶ҶϸϸһǿУһźɫӣͨɫӣյĶԶ赲֮⡣
ǺֶΣƳ֣רſƶķֲɱ֣ݺᣡ
׼Ҳ̫ˣҶȴһ߿գϢЩɱֳ֣Ϊﻹɱ֣ǣҲʹݾߡ
ҶʱҲ࣬ͨЩɱ֣ѱնɱֻһʱ䣬ҵԼҪġ
ԽЩɱ֣ͷŻ龻֣Ӧռ䡣
뿴ȥƺһϢ
룬һƬɽԭ涾̵̳ɽ֮ϣϧ涾񡢸ڴ֮¡
ǿϢ
ɽ룬ҶַһͨͨԱߣһѲߣˣΪﵽŽλ
Ҫɱ˸֣ʵǺѣһɱˣͻᾪΧɱ֣Ϣͨ
ŽλҲ޷ӦҶȵĴڣ˳ͨͨΣһֱɽ֮졣
ĶŨң޷Ψʥѵ涾̵ıɽ֮£
ֱնͱ̫һںϣҶȲκζͨǿҵĶʵھˣѾﵽʥ߶ȡ
עͨǽڣǽڶо綾˼飬ͨҲӦ涾̵ģ򲻻ǽڣʴֵز
һСʱͨͷȻҶȸоһǿҵϵϢǰ
пܣʯ֮У̺ϵıġ
Ҳ˵ʯӦʮֿ¡
ʬ壿
߳ͷߵ࣬ʮʬ壬ʯˣʯˣҲһ綾Ǳġ
ǰ֮ҶȾͼһ硣
ʱҶȵĿþ㵣Ϊĸ߶ȣȻﵽʥӸߵĸ߶ȣ³ʥʮ
̫ˣ˽磬ʮκʥصĽ
ϢȻ̺һϵϢԼһɶ֮ǰյʯϢʣһ֣ͨ
ҶһɻĽ磬õģΪ˶ȫǶϸԪ涾̸µģҺûз棬Ҳûжۼ
뵽ϸԪʱֻ涾̵ˣ⴦ܿռ䣬ڵպñ˷Ļ
涾̵Ķ磬Ϊλᱣ
ಣ
ҪʱͻȻһƷͨ
Ҷ̴߶ǧͼϢ
ˡ
ӰδͻȻ䣬Ҷھһ΢΢
Ҷȶʱ󾪣Ϣ
ڵĵ
Ҷȶ룬һӰȻͨķ򣬻һǰֱӷǰ֮С
ӰϢҶ֮𶯡
簲ҶȲֳ磺ŨҵĵϢܣôŨҵĵϢ֣


1940 ʯϹ
Ϣ
ôܴ磿ؼⲻǷǵʣͷųϢ
ǡһʿ
Ҷȵõڰ񴫳Уӵе磬еԹҲв󣬾еǶһ
ɸղⰵӰеĵѴﵽһ߶ȣȲҶȰٷ֮һ磬Ҳ𺳵ġ
˿磬õĳֵǵӵеϢ
þòƽϢû뵽涾磬
Ҷȶⶾ磬Ӻ档
򣡡
һƣն
ոսӴҶƤԼѪ⣬ֲؿʼɣԼҪʯҶȣǶ̫һյøɸɾΪͬýγһҶȵϢ붾һģһ
ǰʱ֮ҶƺΪһˣ򣬽֮Уûܵκų⣬ͨ磬ڲһ޴󷨿ռ䣬һ󷨸ţ͸żﵽĸ߶ȡ
ֱҶ޷̤ĵط
磬κһѹҶȶС
ȥֻ·һȻпµǿߣǸ߽λʥ񣬾пܣǴﵽֲΪĴڣ
ڲĸ߶ȣҶȺȻֹ̫ˣõ涾̵ıڿܡ
Щ֣һУ涾µģ
𽥸Ӧ󷨿ռ䣬ҶȸӦһǿϢʥɻ󣬵ӦʱҶͫ𺳡
Ϊ󷨿ռڲȻӦʮʥǿϢڲĳһ󷨿ռ䣬Ҷ޷Ӧǿ磬滹֪ʲôܡ
֮ǰǸ̺ϢİӰҲҲ޷Ӧ󷨿ռΧûеϢǿռ䣬϶ʲôܣ
涾̵ǿߡȻ
ҶĿ⼫Ϊ϶ֿʼģԼ󷨵֣ƺ涾̣ѰģѰְ֮ƺһ̳
̳
ʮʥǿߣ˵иǿĴڡ
ʲôʵֻһʥ񣬻һλģ⴦̳Ȼʮʥʵ̫ǿˡ
̳ɣ
ֶΣＫпܣ̳Ƿ̳
󣬷̳ʵǿĻʵжôֲ
ţ
Ӧ֮УҶӦĽƣͻȻһɣӰ˳
һˣ̺˵ϢеɱһˣȻӵҶһֱʯϢҲһ㣬Ǵﵽֲ޷ĵز
ʯ涾̵һԪ֮ǰͻˣͻȻ֣ʯϢǿߣʲôˣĪĸ֣涾̣õʯԴںϣΪһӵʯĹˣ
޷ӦҶȾͰעصϡ
һӵеϢĹˡ
һӵʯϢĹˡ
ǿΪҶȵĸӦʱһ亹ӵʯĹˣȻҶ޷Ӧĸ߶ȣǸϢĹˣӵ˸߽λʥϢʥصě˲ࡣ
ˣʣǵǿߡ
ƿռԱһռڣƺҲ벻أԼǿͶĿռ䣬˴ڡ
ˣպûӵʡ
ȻԷʵﵽ˸߶ȣҶҲͷŸӦֻܴ߶ߣڵĿռ䡣
㹦һ˻ơ𣺡ոճȥתתΧͨʿҪѰұ̱
ʮʿµϣûзʥǿߣϴһʥѱնɱҪʥϵǿߣ涾̣Щߣһܣ֮أһɭ
̱ͱϷõǻõΣҪϷæɲҪ
ǿҵǿ棬ĺãκ©Ҷˣ
ߣϷΪֻҪһһһȺһȺԪˣᱦʿжϷ֮£
ϹѽҲǫһ£ҲǸǣܣǧܱ˷֣
ϷȻ֪ܵҪԣǴȥ綼Ҫˣ
˻ƵʱЦ
̣ӦþʯƿߣԱԾӣĪǡ涾̻ǿߣ
̸ݣҶѻòϢĴĳһ˽һˣ涾ԭǿ߻
ǶԷһӵеϢˣʲô
ܱ¶ȥ綼죡
ҶȰ̾һ䣬ͻȻã涾ַ֮УȻһܣ죬Ǻεȵܣ
ʲô涾ʲôһ涾̣ƿأ
һʣԽԽ࣬Ҷͷ
ಣ
ڽ֮ڵҶȣڷ֮ʣȻ֮⣬ƷϢ
ֻʮɱ֣Ѻһ˵ǿߣ˶Ǹ߽λڡ
ʱӽڲɳΪﵽ߽λɱ֣ӽ֮ڣ߶ӡֳһͨ˴ɱ֮УӹһϢǿߡ
룡
һֳ̨

Ӱڲƿռ䣬ӶˣҶȿԿ϶˾֮ǰԻǿߡ
һˣһϢȻޣҲ͸Ÿ߽λʥϢҶΪҪ̤߲ĸӦҲߣԸӦʥΪ
ұߣһѪ۵ˣͷɢüëа߳¶аȻֱѪģʿϣ˳ΪƷǲ
Ҳֻи߽λ񣬿Գסץʥãʥʵ壡˽һЦ
ʥʥʵģ²˵ģκηԸֻհ죡
Ѫ˵һߣȻɱ֣ʿƿռ䡣
ಣ
ţɱֻˣһһϢʿ̨
ѪָһһʿȫͻΪʯʣΪһžʯ
涾̵ľ綾Ȼһ޵
ʯϹ֣꣬Ϊ涾̻ʱںϵ涾̣ʯͨһϵͨںϣγеʯǣҲ»ڣΪЧ
ΪЧѵ𣿡
ֵĪҪᣬ涾ʲôǰ̶֥㲻ϣڵǰʲôϹңܽύ
ЩҲֶΣҲһЩδģ߰ɣûȥ
û˵̫࣬ʯϹһƿռ䡣
ʯϹ֣
ҶƳȥıӰ֪ʯԴʯϹ֣Ϊѳʥ񡭡Ĵڣ
̫ǿˣ
ǰһãȻأǺǿ󣬱ʮʥأʲôһ񣬶ҪΪЧôжǿҴ̸Կ϶涾⴦֮أӦò̳һ̳
뵽Ҷȫð麹
̳һԼʥǿߣʲôǿ
Դ˲ŹʮеʥȽϣʵҲȥʵʥأҲﵽͬ߶ȡ


1941 о
ʱ˿̣Ҷ̫Ū涾̷ܡ
޷ӦĽƿռ䣬ʲô綼Ĵڣ
Ϊʿӵе
һжżȻ
Ҷ̫֪𰸣߳磬ڲռ䣬лᣬô𰸣ʯϹ֣Ĵڡ
ǽƿռ䣬ӵ綼ܣ˵滹иǿĴڣסܡ
ֻǾŽλϲ񣬾ӵֶΣҲ޷̤ڲռ䣬˵һϲ˵Ҳֻ·һ
ȻΣ֮УҶȻǲȥһֱڽ֮УܷϤܡ
£Ҳûκζ
˻ӳȥˣ
дһԭͨҶȣ˻λŽλߣɱ֣׷ɱӳ棬ˣ׼ջع
ܵõʲôܣҲб¶ΣգҶ뿪߶ͨϢ뿪˶磬Ȼʩչǧͼԭ·ء
ص棬ھ涾ַһԭ֮УͨںϣһɽѨ󷨣棬˻ǾŽλߣ˺ۣν˺ۣͨ˲񵤡
ҪָҲܶʱɡ
ҶΪ˵ػߣڶѨ֮䱸Ҷͨ룬ٶǧͼˮ
磬棬Ҷûѹڴǧͼ֮УֻԿٷУ
֮
ããˮ֮УͻأƯһ½ûжֲʻҰɫΧӡݺ֧

ٴҶԺ໭棬ͨεȵŬ磬ˣҲֻʣˡ
ǸͼˮͿвķߡ
Χգ̫ϡˡ
գۣƯڹϿգӦأ棬ܿ㣬ԼʮƵСΧһЩγɵС
̫ʼֻ֮ţֹӦòм٣ǱΪ飬ﵽʲôı
ϣпܣҵ̫ʼټƾθӦ޷׽Ϣ
棬ź̵ķ㣬ֿգЩ棬񷽵γɣ⵽ΪȻɣ
пΪɵģ˵󲻴˵СҲСҪƫƫڹСӦΪ
ܣ֪ˣҲֻпܣݽ֮صԪʼ
˶޷ȺΣ磬˵ʲô
£ҪоʣȻҵ취صɽ硣
ֻҪԻصɽ磬Դһͨ½ɹ֮ҶȾģѽն졢ֶ̫ۡ顢۵ˣͳͳ硣
ͷŸӦ͸㡣
ģͨӦַɸϵʯγɣҲ˵Ҫϵʡ
ϵʣǿԴ߶֮еϵƷ棿
˫ͫһ뵽̫ʼξ뿪ɽĻ档
ͨڷ֮Уִ߶ξͨɹɣɹϵͨ
Խİ취߶ϵһͨӶɽ硣
뵽ҶȾ¶ЦݣɹҲᣬβһԣ
߶ɹһ⣬ʹâѾɹ⣬⣬һĿ⣬Ҷ˫ƣӴ档

ϾͨķӴʱײҶȿ⣬ͬˮظǵ档
ˡ
һṦ֮󣬵ķ㣬һЩɳķʣ𽥵رգ롣
ɹˣ
߶⣬ȻͨϵͬշʣҶַ֣ʵĸӦ̫΢ˣҪٶȣһԪŪһͨ
ֹһ󣬽֮еķʣ𽥻Ϊһʯı˷ʣγʯ״̬
ϧ̫٣ҶȲòһ̫̾ˣû뵽ôѡǣҲףӦҲײŶԣ
ɽʱΪв񣬾ŽλвʵﵽϲϲΪͿԶ̶ʱ䣬ڹ֮Уһͨ
ڿϲ۷壬ﵽʵٶ⣬ںϷ棬ͬϰҡ
̫ɻһӿһУҶȸһüĪΪʦԭ򣿡
뵽ҶȾüпܣʦξʯʶʵҲϵһ顣
ϵͬģвͬҪԦ⣬ںϹ棬ҶȣҲ޷ξȣξ̫ͨѣξʵ̫Сˡ
һ㣬ƺҲǺܳ
Īʲôϵ
һͷҶԺͻȻܳϵôû뵽һ㣬ξټϵǹƿߣؼһǼпܣɹͨ
ӹɣҲǻɹģҳξҶȡֶκˣΪξʶֲֶڣδƿʯԼɹ˵ȥ
һںһв񣬾ͳɹڹͨҲڷ֮С
ߣܣʲôҲǺҪһ㣬ɽΪԲһͨ
Ҫصɽ磬ͬڹɹֻͨһܡӤ
عǰǰһ˼⣬߶ӤȻһϵ⣬⣬ٴνӴʡ
һΣûзײһ󣬲ٷɳ֮Уٶȱ֮ǰںϵҪʮ
ȻҪǿ⣬ϣںϹھںϳһͨ
ͨ
½Ҳûʲôջˮ֮С
ˮ£Ҷȶʱˡ
Ϊˮ磬Ȼķ棬γˮɽж󣬸޷ݣΧҲûʲôϢڹΧҲ档
Źˮ»У׹ˮ磬һԪ涼γˮɽˮƽԭеķ棬һЩֲֵ½ͬһ㣬ˮ磬Ҳûġ
簲ĳ棬κ
֮ҶȲΧŹˮϷתһȦûκջ񣬶иӸоѹ֣ո棬Ǻܾˣˮ磬ٿȻﵽ˰ٱǧ򱶡
֪öھʵҷʣûʥھҲ޷ڳһͨʥ񣬾Ԫпڳһͨ
ھֻݣͨ
ʵ
ΪԪֻмߣ硣
ӤӤʱܳɳ
ص棬ҶֻаϣӤ֮ϣӤںϣӾ޾õʮ˼б
ȻÿһӤɱ䣬̫߼ˣҪһԴס
Ҫһʱ䣬һ̣
ҪռбĹҪɹڹһͨصɽ磬ҪﵽʥΪӤҲɳСģҪﵽĸ߶ȡ
ҲûһˣڴΣҶʧڹա


1942 ߲
Ϣͨں֮ҶΪ˻ɽѨΧ
ԼҲУձԴһʱһԪѴﵽŽλϲ۷履һع飬ڶͨں֮󣬱߲ܳ
Լ֮
˻Žλ߳ɽѨƣǻָ߰˰ˣԪɿ飬ûʮָ޷ﵽ۷״̬
Ҷȴɭַɳ˻棺֣⼸ˣ
ΪЧµңҶǰԵز¶԰˻ҲǿͿ
˻ת涾ַź涾ַ֮Уû뵽ʧô󣬳ˣЩֵܡ
£ҶԸģʿ֮;˿Ԥϣڵָ֮䣬ͻᷢı䣡
һ԰ο
˻ɺòȥ治֪Ϊַ֮Уô֣һһʤ˵ļʱ򡭡֮ʱѣ֪ˡҲδԲɣֻõ涾һЩ򣡡
ܻųͲˣΪ˲¶ڲܣֻΧնɱѰʿڲӢ֣Ŀܻų

ҶһЦֿ˻ܴ£ǾͲһˡ
£һ޷ʥؽʵ
Ҳûа취£õõһЩ򣬲񣬵Ҳʧܣиǻȥɣ
˻̾̾פƬ̣˷ԭ
֮󣬴
ʹ̫ӵ
֣ո׼ܶණżҪ뿪عո̫ӵҶȾ˻ӵ
˻Ӻ⣬һҶȣû취ͲסҶȵĹ뿪˻ʹ
ҶǻصʥԬһŴ߶ǧͼֱϢʼԾ
ʮң
֮ģƵ
߲Ҷ֮ģ꣬Ҫϲ̤߲񡭡
ƯƵϷȴͨ׼뿪浺֮ʣٴθƵҶȵľûжٱ仯־ģӼ̡
̤߲ͨʵ棬Ƚϲ񣬶췭ظı仯ʵԴﵽλԼλ֮䣬ʵʡӤͨᷢ޴仯
ʵڸ棬ǵԪ

Լ֮ͨŴӵ浺ɳ
ں֮Ҷϴ߶ǧͼʯǷȥ
ھʯǣǧԶһɭͣ⴦ɭΧûʿϢʺҶȶɽ١
߶󣬼ǧ׾޴ְĴܷΧȻ߶
һ¯ҶϷͨ壬໥ںԪȵȡ
õ֣ҶӣҲȲԴػ̺棬Ϊ壬Ҫ֡
ҶͨںϵĸϻбԴΪ¹ȥҶȱֹͣںϣա
߶һӡҶ϶Χ󷨣Ҳӿ̽磬Ҫɽˡ
ŴԴ
ﵽ۷壡
ս֮УſԴҲﵽ˱״̬ҶȽӡŴԴʼתγһɽɫУſԴվſ̫
ϵںϣԪŴԴﵽһ̶ȣҶȱ㿪ʼҵӡÿһԴڲӡʼɶ
䡭
ſԴڲͻȻĺӡɢŴԴһſſʼԶ飬ɢ
飬ܵԶ廯
ſԴˣ
ս֮УֻоŽӲӵʱҶȺŹԴٴνӡ໥֮俪ʼںϡ
Ŵ󾳽磬֮žŹһŴԴ飬еҶǿ£ﵽһΪһţԽϲԴ
ںϣҪںͲˣҪǿԪԪӡƣŻںϡ
֪ٴӡӡ磬ѾŹϵںϣҷҲӡӿֶҶȿʼȼա
ң
ҶְھڣһֱԴԴ룬ҪѱԴΪԴΪںϵͨ
Ȼ˱ԴԴͬҵĸƵģӿںϡ
УӤѪδԴ飬ǵһռӡ
ԴŴԴںһһƬ޴Ԫ
ʱҶӡ࣬ں֮УԴϵСںһ𣬳ΪԲ״̬
֮Ҷ˫һϡ
ӡ߶Ȼ֮䣬Ϸ𣬽ػΪһŽߴСԴ
ԴӵĶĿ貣̺ѾԽϲҶְѴԪںԴ֮С
һԴҶ̤˸߲
ֻǿʼԴɹٵĵ
̧ͷ񷣬Ʋ֪ʲôʱȻ۶հĸϷڲϷڡ
ҶȻһץһʥǹˡ
Ϸٲᣬ׵бߣҶ¶۰µЦݣ٣ֻϲ٣ʵմﵽٶ˵евˡ
̣
ӽ֮УͻȻµ׵
Ȼ󣬽ͻȻӿһУ֮Уһ׵磬һɽ޴Ѹ͵ޣ֮бӿҶȡ
ƣ
Ҷֳֹʥǹһֱȴţֱ׵ʮʱŴ̳еĹʥǹ
ʱޱȵ׵һ
䣡
ѹײϷҶһѹԳ٣ʥǹ΢΢һѹͬˣһȭͰ׵磬ϡá
ʱڶ٣׵磬и٣ͻϮҶɷƵӶʥǹһǹ̳ضݣϣѵڶ٣һѡ
־ƺʿдϢᡣ
ٺ¡ٶɱҶ׾٣һһ顣
ŵĵߵڰ˵١ͳͳҶԾӶʥǹһһ顣
ȻʱյĽƣΪһ޴ĺС
ħƵģſ죬Ӷֱֻۣս
ھŵپڲͬǽеһΣҶɫҲδı䣬һΧĴ˫㡣
򣡡
ָſħҶָһץ˫γһתʮɾ޴ٶȳ٣ϡ
ͻͻͻ
˫ײһʱоռ䶼Ҫ£໥Ϲɡʱͬһͣ𽥵ģ˫㣬ʾ˼̵ĵ̡
ζͻͻͻУѽ˺ķѡ
Ưڽ֮ϵҶȣ˫֣Ժڷ硢ɽ磬һδζɽٵĳʹࡢڣʱ˿̣վأã֪ûеԷ硢ɽľη֮ġ
Ϊǿˣ
ͻͻͻ
˫㲻ѽ˺ѣҶҲЦݣУ硢ɽĥĵ־磬ԲʵһһߵĸԶ
䣡
һ𶯣֮ϴԭǴ˫㣬ڰĵھŵ٣ʧ
·һĻУڰγɡ
Ȼ䣬ʥԪӽϢ֮У͸¡


1943 ս
Ԫ͸
Ŷȫ顣
ҶڴԪ٣ڷžֱõضɽҡݡ
Խͬλϲ߲ȫģ˵֮⣬Ѫ⵽ӹƤȼգʹ಻Զ޷ݣҶȶԣϰߡ
ͻȻѸͣٶ֮죬ҶѪܿβڽ֮£ٶȣȽλ̫ࡣ
̧ͷ񷡣
Ԫɢƣ񷽵ƱĲʺ磡
Ҷʱƣů֮С
ԪǱӴԴʿ޷ֵո飬ﵽ״̬Ҷȣ߶򣬾Ԫִ߶ͨԪʼ顢
Ѫϸ⡢Ԫ𣬼ҶǿҵĽϣٶȴﵽ˼ĵزԴٶȣԼʱ䣬Ϳȫɡ
ҶھһֱߣȫˣԪһǣʼȼգֱϯȫ
Ԫʧˣ
Ԫʼʧ̧ͷһҲʧٵϢ̡
ֻܿҶ
涾̡
֮УҶȾԺӿ涾̷һĻĻ
ԱʯϹԼԶҶ̫СˣһֻϣԷǾ޴ޣҪԸޣǳΣֻҪʱ䣬ͿԳɳΪһֻǿ׳ϣޡ
ˣոս߲ϲãһɢ
߲ʲôﵽ߲ҲֻӵλµʵǴﵽʥʸԷ⡣
ǿҪȥ涾ַܡ
̫ˣʲôܣһܿ졣
Ҫͨ壬໨ЩбԴӤҪصɽ磬ֻͨӤ
ع뵽˹ۻعԲͬյĽǶȣ˽һҪصɽ磬Զ֮УҪǧٱ
ҪʵʵҲͨ޾ûʵҲزɽ磬Ҫڹͨһ̫ͨˣԪͨɽѰ
ɽ֮У뷨ĩˣҶ˽֮УûеģǼ˻ϸԪɽ硣
Ҳǲ
֪ȥɣٴδԼøӼ̣͸̫⡢޼˻סʮ١ֻءϢÿһ缡⣬о޼᲻ݵ֮Удγɵķ
ý䣬úͨԼںϡ
˲ϢҶȾƾʧ֮С
̫ҵ
ɼӣԼӡ֮񵤣ڿ״̬ڸƣ֮ǰǼһıԴһ֣ҲΪ
ⲿֱԴȫűԴںϡ
ʼ̫̫⣬ڲʼͷţҶ͸ŹΧ·γһס
̫޼˻סʮ١ֻľ׿֮ɹȵһһС
ͨҲһһͷᣬν߲컯ȭûб仯·ҪҶס컯Уܽµʽ
ѹȥʱ䣬ְȫ¯򡢵𵤵ȵȷ棬߲߶ȡ
ҰĴܷؾ䣬ʼλʵ
ڸҶҲںϣӴԪٵҲûԱ仯
һжﵽ߲߶ʱҶھ䣬ɹꡣ
뿪䣬Ѿڣʱٸоأһ̥ǵĸоұϲ
һλ߲ΪʵѾﵽλ£ʵʸ񣬳Ϊκʥص̫ϵӣ߸ϡ
ֻʥأھ˵ı£ˮֵ֮ͬطֻǸ֣һ㲻ǿߡ
Ƶ
߶ǧͼ˲Ϣ˾ƾʧˡ

ҶȾƯƵϿգδͨ壬Ǳֱӻع鵶浺
ʯ֮Ϣ죬ЩԪ˽Ƶ߲ȷݣƵ߲㡣
ߣ
Ƶ˶Ľְ˵ǱƵʵƽ£ǿսҪƵ߲죬նɱƵκεĵˣʵƽ´֡
ҪΪߣӵй˵ֶΣΪûҪȻֻҪսɹͿԳΪߡ
֮Ҷȶ뿪浺һЩҲδᣬ˭벻һ񣬻ȥսߡ
ǻʸԾҲǻߣֻΪ֣ƵһЩ
ܿ뵺죬ɽϷһ磬ǿ߿ء
ҶȣʲôݣǲϷ£
һᣬʹӽֶӸ£͸Ŀ⡣
ಣ
ָһһҶķɳ

һץס⣬һϵģʱһս飿
ҶƽӦţսģ
ҽȥ
ԷҲû˵սʱ֣Ҳ˾ռߣһ˴ҶȽ磬ϷʯԼһΪĹ
빬ǰҶȾһԵȴ߽빬֮С
ڰʱ
Ҷȣ
ԷſҶȻһҶţΧһЩ֣񣬶кüʥǿߡ
սʲôְ񣿡
ʱһ˳ҶȼʱϳƵĸ֮һס
Ƶ꣬Ҫս飿
ƺҲϳҶȣϾս֣սɹôˣҶȸպ֮һ
Ҷȱȭ£սְ񣡡

˫üһᣬЩȣҪһ㣬սףǽȴֻûеֿܣҪ
ҶصѾãҪΪһλߣΪƵЧ
ȻãҲ˵л߼ˣΪӸ߲񲻵ȣΪΣʵֶҪģպʧܣҪܵͽ䣬֮Уѡһ˰ɣ
ߵ߶ӡӿ֮Уֳӡ
мˣ
òҲһЩܣҶѡһΪ͡ĸ߲Ϊս
׼£һʱ֮һ㣡
һʧױ˫֣빬һࡣ
ҶԱߵȴš
ʱһǿ߱Ҷɽȥûһᣬһ̨һ㳡롣
ʮ֣·ȴţ̨֮ϣվ֮ǰҶѡΪ͵ӡ
һҶȣ͸Ŀ⡣
ⲻǶǽд裬ɱ
׼̨Աߣ̨ͣʧܣԭ뽫ˣȥΪɿƽսķϣվ͸ᣬսҶȣӮˣ͵ǳͽ䣬ˣҲܲˣ
л¿
;ԹԣףǷش
ʱһɨ̨Ҷȣ㲻мǣƺսߣ


1944 Ϊ
ڸ߲ע£Ҷһ̨
һ֣ͳˣ㿴ҶȣƺҲǸ߲񣬵ΪοΪ
֮κһʿƽӹ֮󲿷ˣϲͷǿƣʣ¼һ֣򶮵طâȻҶȣҲһʵҼսչΪǵͽλϲϵ꣬չָ߲ϢпܣһֱǸ߲ǿߣ
Χֶ桢ɻ֮ʣƽ˵һ˶ʱ׹
Сӣսң
̨֮ϣ
Ҷһ̨̤վڶĺͣ׳һ߽λ߲ԶҶϢأϵõˣ
Ҷȵ񣬳˲м
ҶȲδ˵һ֣ȴƬ̣׵̨ǰһѹսʼɣ

׻䣬˫ȭɽÿһ̨̤ڻζµľ˫ȭϾٶȣֱҶ
˸͹ҶȻչʵԸ߲ʵʩչں͵ٶȣȭӡ֮£ʱ
צ
ͻȻɱһǹʩչ˵ͨ
ֱͬһ𣬶ʱĴ֣ͬӥצƵģҶȸոδӦһצץȥ

צȻͣҶһצѿռ䶼ץŤ
ͻͻͻ
ͳ־ɱУȻǲҶһ·һһצ˫ֻΪӥצҶһδצ
ͻǵͽʵˣǸҶȺ޳ֻᣬⳡսԺʤ
ǰһЩڽ
󲿷˶ΪͻնɱҶȣӶʤûһˣΪҶȿԴ֮Уɱһ·
һһɱ
һƽҶû·צһδҶȡ
ˡ
һֱú͵ķâڣҶȲȥҶԷֱҪֱɱˣ
ȥ
ʯ䣬ҶҪ֮ʣͻȻӳұۣʳָͬһָ
䣡
ָ̺ͨâһָںצ֮ϣʱ˺飬Ȼһ͵ں͵֮ϡ
Ĳֺʱ벻ҶȵʵȻﵽ˵زһ㣬һѪȻʼ飬Ҷȵָʱչź¸һġ

һһʽͰѺͷƽ⣬һƣѺ͵ֱ飬˺ɳ̨ҶȵѳΪˣ
״һ֣ǰһɨͣȻҶ뿪Ƶĳв٣ʱ뿪һ·Ժúˣհɣ
ߣ
ʧܣΪϣͬҰޣ޲ðǰԵĵ뿪˹㳡
ֿ̨ҶȣӴƵһλߣչأսɹֻǿʼκʧܣȥδɵɣ
Ҷ֪ʲô񣿡
һﺣϴΰ·ɱǵԴɱ˲٣м˳ɹ˳ȥǰնɱͷո뺫һսһʱϢ
Ϣ
Ҳãصˮףɹ
װһݵͼҶȡ
Ҷʩ񣬸Ƕȥ
ߣԱһǿ߾ʵˣҶȣ𣿶ǲ̫ϸˣһսߣϢһʱ䣬ֱ´񣿡
ϸƵԽԽϾҪսҪڵʵֻиֲʸ֪ͨʸԾ˵ҶѳΪߣԺҶ鷳
˵꣬׾ʹ뿪㳡
ˮ
뿪ƵãҶȾչͼԱȺ֮ĵͼ֮ȷ˷λʮ룬ֻҪһСʱܵ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬Ҷȵʹ߶ǧͼĿˮ
ʱֻ֮ǰˮһЩС͵죬ǵ죬ʵĽʯв٣ǧ֮࣬ѹѹͻ棬оһ졣
ʯȺ֮£ӣպһ֧˵֧Ǻܾˡ
ʯȺϿһ㱡˸оΣա
ಣ
Ҷƿն߳ǳâ֮󣬿ʯȺﵹǲ뿪սʯȺڴǧͼ֮УƳ꣬ԺǿУΪģҲʱϢ֮ġ
ϴ߶ߣ
ϯʯȺ𽥸ȥ𽥵ģԾȻüһЦɣ֮УһΪﵽ˰˽λ߲˶λ߲ΪֲúͻʧܣΪԸĴ֣ȷʮֳܻŻȥͲˣ
ڣҶȱ㲻żնɱˣʬΪϢһոս߲ʮϡ١
磬Ӧ·ʯȺλãһЩϴĽʯѻɽ
ɽΧһӦ󷨣ڲҲܼ̣
˶Ǹ߲񣬶Ƶ˵ֵһᣬǵƵȻһ·
ɽϷ߶಼£ĴֳܷΧֱɱɽ

ɽڲʱʼıը
ԼСʱ
ܷһĿѪܵͷһľʬ壬ɳҲ˲Ϊƽء
ﵽ߲ΪĴܷʵҲﵽλԸĸСëСһʹ
һץĴܷʬ壬һͬӿҶڣʯϣ߶
ಡ
ָſͷ֮ʬ壬ʼȼգһžը֮󣬻ΪĿӡ
ĿŸ߲ӣҶ˵Ǳˮнֻλǿߵܸ˵
ִ֮߶һ¯ȼգϾսʯȺΧ
ɵӡ֮Լ񵤣ӿ׷Ҷںϡ
֮ǰǼԴȫա
ҶóһԴʮԴֳ֣һбȫڰΧӤڲʣһ֣Ҳģôǧͼںϡ
ʣһ֣ҲٵģֻʮıԴҶԼС
֮ǰһϸڽֿ߲ʼһٶȣ֮ǰٶȻҪˡ
ǧͼֻںһԴƷʣѾﵽλ߲񣬻вٱԴǧͼʥȼϣˣ
ֲ鿴Դ
ǧͼڲ¯֮ձԴʮԴƯڲ¯֮Уɷȼգ
ֻӤ
ν߲ӤĸͷһҵĳɳҲǿ˲٣ҶУ̫Сˡ
бԴҲһӤȫںЩб仯ҶҲ޷Ԥϡ
߲䣬ûо˵ĲƸʯһ𣬲ʮڳͷһҲŶʮڹ㡣
߲ĲƸ߲ȼĺ̫ˡ
֪ȥһʱ䣡
ҶȻֹͣУ¯ڣ鿴¶Цݣڴﵽһλ߲״̬Գ״̬깦ӦþͿͻƶλ
ΣҶܿķâ̤߲ʵﵽλ£üɵ㣿
߶ǧͼҶȼ̿ʼΪƵ뵽ˮƣɵ¶˰Цݡ


1945 
Ƶ
뵺ɽλãΡĹС
ϷΧվż֣Ҷȴӹ֮΢΢ͷλʱһĿѪܵͷƯ
ˣԱһ֣϶ض׵ͷ
Ҷȣģû뵽̶̼꣬ͳɫǽĶҹڵӣ
׵ڶҶȴӳޣȻԱһ̽׵ӽܵ
ʮͷȻһʥֻǽλߣԼڶλλ֮䣬ӡֱ˰̣ɼ˾ٲпɱ
Ƶһʮ֧飬ÿһ֧ӵнǿߣֱƽƿأƵǿս
λӣǵӵĶӳ
Ҷȣ꣬Ҫ־Ӣ
һÿһųƣ˵֣ͷţ԰κθ߲նɱҲҪˡ
Ϊꡱһʥ
¼ӳҶȵ
ȥɣ
֮󣬸ֶȥҶƵģС뿪
Ҷȷɳ뵺죬һƬϷܵƬ죬һӵʮӵӪأ룡
򵥽һ֮Ҷȥ
ʮ죬Ҷǰ޷ģͬʯԼ浺Щֹκ˽롣
ҲǱǿ׳ΪǸ߲ΪߣʱУƣҲĶָӡȥ֮úʱ̴Ǳֺãһټ㣬㣡
лӳ
ҶȽӹ֮֮Щĵɽ߶ƣ˹ȥ
פһᣬϷһ
ϢҶҵԼɽ
ɽͨڲռ㣬ҶȰɽнı䣬Ȼ߶ƣйڵӣԼƵϸĽܡ
ƽʱ£Ҳ뿪Ƶʱ䲻̫˶Уʱ´Ҫ񣬾ѲߡƵΧˮİȫʮ֧飬ÿһ֧鸺ʮѲߣȻ໥滻
ѲߣʱҪɱԼĨɱƵĵˡ
ʮ֧ǻʵߵĽƽֱƿأǰԣҶһȷпܣΣտƽܡ
ͨ壬Ҷȼ̴߶ǧͼ뿪ƵȻصˮ硣
ʱ֮½ٴͼˮؽ磬ûϾȥԸͯϡūһһӦ
һƬˮ֮УҶ뵶ū˻ϡ
ʮȥҶȲʱūʵҲȻûսͨǱޣΪͻơ
ȻˣҶȾҪȴͼһÿ
һʱҶƷĺҲӴͼˮҶȸ֪ʱ䣬ͼĶ
Ҷȵ˲ʱͼɳ·ѰΧˮһһڶδϣҲȻҶϣιū˶Ҷһδա
صͼؽ磬Ϣ
Ҷúȥ˼һƬž뵶ūʼͼˮ
ӦԼȴһ֧飬жʮͷ֮࣬лͷΪĽλλȣǿ
þˡū࣬˰㹦ͷһ֣ƺѹ
ɱ
Ȧ֮ʣҶȵ߶
䣡
뵶ū׷״Χӿ߶ʮ˷ħ칥˺֮Уū߶ֲƣ֮ɨΧ
ͻͻͻ
ͷΪﵽĽλλԵū˵ʵ޷ǣʱɱΧ
ٸ
Ϊǿĺͷųһ⡣
ǸϹǶʬ壡
ͻȻҶȵĮشӺˮ紫
ܣȴûзһӰʱһð亹ͨѸоҶȵѲ
ͣ
ĵӰͻȻΧֳ޽ͬʱһն
ͷĽλΪԵĿܷȴﵽλλĸ߶ȣʩչǱ޽ϣ´ĿĵѪۡ

Ϊǿλһȭ޽ϣһԿܷʵ¡
ͻƸ߲ǲһǰλĻӵסڣҵʵѾλ
ںˮ֮еҶȣܷռϷ磬Ϊοһδɱա
ϲһλϽմﵽ߲ʵѾԽλ
žžž
ͷΪսǿĺӶβһͰѿܷȫ֮⡣
ʱ䲻ˣܻڰ㹦Ϲ
ܷҪնɱͷҲҪ칦򣬵Ҷûʱ䣬һˣȻһս
̤߲ҲǾŽλĴ֡
뵶ūǼӿٶȣÿȺɱȺɱ
ʥǹ
֮䣬־ץһʥǹ𽥿λÿܷסΪڻ
˼ҶͻȻᣬһǹӺ󷽴̳
ۣ
ʥǹ޼᲻ݣһǹͰλŴ̳һѪδֻˣ뷢ĿܷҸһͰ˫ն
ͣ
ָһһ⣬ͰѺͷ­и

תͷ۵ĺһ˫һģȻͷţͱҶɱ
Ǻǣͷӵеıﲻٰɣ
ߺʬ壬֮УҶȾڴЦЦõӵ˲Ƹ
һã
Ҷܷ뵶ūնɱʣ¼ͷʮкնɱʬҲҶڡ
ߣ
ʱˣҶžˡū뿪Ƭˮ
뿪֮󣬲ʮ

һȺɱͷǴ
ˣ
յˮ򣬵Ѫζʱŭգû뵽һ
ڴѰ
ʮ´תǰˮ
㲻ͼˮ룬빬֮С
ڽս׵ĴͼϷƺˣôָЩˣ
صͷոյһӰҲûţ
»е鷳һһū˰·ɱͼɫһ
ҪԻͣٳ©
㵱ȻҪȥұҲҪǰȥ
ΪԸЩòŴԳ
Ҫȥߣպʱ䵽ˣҪϽƷܵ飬˳ҲϣȺ˵Ҫʰǣ
ǰòǲϽ˴ʯô֮죬Ҫ߽ɱ
ʱǾ㵡
ͼεҡҡͷϴһͬױǱ˽ԣױҪ£ߣǹգƬˮ򣬷ʱʱ̱̿ȡ֮
ߣδѸˮ򣬻ƿأʱԺܲԹ
ʲô취ڣǾڣֺߣʱˣҪƬˮʧױĿҲϣԺܶһЩˮ򣬻ңȥ׼ɣ
ǣ
վͼȻתȥ


1946 ټǻ
һ³һǣͼҶҪգ
뿪ͼˮؽ֮ҶȵһʱҪҸطţΪˮӪ
ڴͼֻҪˮ򣬶ȫ
еˮ򣬻С
Ҷȴžˡūѵ֧ÿһ֧βγɸӵ硣
֧ΧȻҲк֧
ͼˮ֮⣬һ󣬶Ҳܾ޴뺣Ľ紦ˮʲϵĦںϣγһĿ
СģڵĺˮҲ̺˵ѹ
߶򣬴һˣ𽥵һͨҶȴͷԽˮʽһԾˮ֮С
䣡
Ȼոˮ磬һѹԼˮеηγӲ֮ͬڲų⣬һղһһںϡ
йϢҲǿʢʺУҪǣ޷ԺͼԼɱ֮Уκκ޷ҵ
߶ӡ񸮶ʱֳΪһɶߣҶһɽ֮ϣˡūںˮ֮УӦ
㼸֮󣬴ҲŽϢ
Ҷӡ֮Լ񵤣뵶ūУ뿪񸮣һˮɽĴܷķȻʼԼ֮ǰնɱĶʮͷ
кͶ¯֮Уͣȼš
һʮöֱֳͷƣɨһöö䣬нһһ⡣
һʯаʮ£ֵܼһٶڣȴûκαԴ
һٶڣ֮ǰİʯҶУӵԺĲƸӽʯ
һʾ˵ʯԹ񷨱Լκεı
ǲƴ֣⻹ֻǿʼһɱ˴˴ͼȫնɱҵӵжٵĲƸ
ͼؽֻǿʼԺֵˮ򣬺֮ΧˮҶҪһһкֱ󶴸۶â
ǰĲƸ΢֮ˮ̶ֻ֥ˣﵽʥ񣬽ʱ֮ĶҪ졣
ţ
֮ʣڳһ
һԭϵ򣬶ݣҶĲ࣬Դͼ
ԭͼҪȥūгһµūΪһˮߣȻ٣ҹҪߣ׬ȡ档
ͼҲǰԼ鷳ˣ֣дͼʥ񼶱ĺʵǴȵģǴҲԿ⣬һ𣬸ûлᣡ
򣬲̾Ϣ֣ǹڵҳ֣ǳˣôǧͼߣĴۣ󣬶ҸܣƤ£ūȳ
һΣҶ
̫ͬȳǡбߣҶҲֻܷȥȲūԼ֮ա
ȻһȦףͼԴ
ɶĺ
ζݣ仹ͬҶȲǼȵˣһΣȷʵûûһ˿ܡ
Ȼ䣬ýƾһˣ޷ıܶ顣
뵽Ӧ˵һӦ飬׳־ҪʥطΪԼģδԼģˣŤתǬдܣ漣
飬ഺ뼤飬ڲʵƾһǻѪǲܳԽʵ롣
Ӧһˣı䲻ʥأҶҲܣƾһ߲񣬴Ӵͼ£ͬߡ
ۣ
ͻȻ𣬻һڶУ޷ƣһѪ
ĨĨǣ˫ͫͷŵĿ⣬ɼ㣺Ҫ˲ƿδֻƿڣҶһֻϣδȻǳΪһˣ£
̸˻мӡ
һ꣬һȥˣ߲񣬽İ߲꣬ʥ󾳽硭
һ̤߲꣬񣬵һͿԴӸ߲̤̤кܸսҪڼ̤꣬ʥ
Ǽ޷ɵ顣
ȥԪѳ߶ȣϿԲ״̬ʮͷҲͳͳΪӣֳ󲿷ֽ뵶ū
Ҷȫһλ߲۷ʱͻȻдͨͷ
ôҪִ񣿡
֪ͨҶȣ˸֪º
żʱ䣬Ҳ֮Уūˡͯϴֱӷ档
ʱͻشƵڰУϢͨںϣ
ڶУºһڼףƵƣֳֳì߳
Щ귢Ÿװ볤ìﵽ߲ƷʣʱҶȾһսʿ
գѾʮ໤ߵȴš
ʱ֮ż׳Щ׳Сӳ֮£ȨĻߡ
λҪȥΪһ̶ӻǵ´
˵һԴʮˣɳƵ
ûȥϸڣ겻˵ʹûʸ֪
뿪Ƶֱȥʼǳʯǣܿ΢΢ıһЩ
ʮѰٶȣˮշţ֮һСͣСһ˵죬Сֱһ
һͣһ£
СңԶգʮʮ¡
磬쵽֮˰ɣ
ЩΪϢ̶ͨӡ
ĩˣλӡ
Ҷȼϳһλǵˮ磬һͬԺֵӷ
ԱӣͷСӡ
̧ͷʱȴһž¡գӷãҲǵҶˮ磬ƻܡ
һװ磬ӸеһӲ
ӷţм·̣ȴﵽƵĵؽ磬ϰߣƽܵӦڸȴ
˵꣬ɫһ裬ƻܣѾͷҪסǲģǰ⣬δμӣβΪҵҶȵʿ˶ȻҲͬһУ
Ƕ磡
ƻܹЦͷ
֮ľƣ֮ǰȻͬȻӣҪģççײײǳǷǣ
ӷǲģȻӦʲôΧִ

ǰһССϣʮ֣һڼףֳַì
Ҷȵˣ
ţ
ӷʾ˼ӿٶȣΪȻҪȷݣȻĿ⣬ڼʿ󷽣һ۵ĺڼʿϡ
ңҲڼʿҲ

ӷϸ־ϲɫʵ벻̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽ҪҵˣȻ
磬ôˣƻܺʵ
˵ɣ£ƽǿ֮У翴ʲôˣӷͻȻ˹ӡ
ʲôˣȻİˣ
ƻС죬ؿȥƵ֣£ԽԽͻȻһ磬

δ˵ڣͱӷͻȻֹס쳣ĵ벻ҶȻƵˣҿûеλܣ̫ͬѰװʶлᣬл棡


1947 ʵ
ӷҶȵֻ꣬ˮҴһѿҶȵĲһֱҪҵҶȣȴû뵽ֳ֮
ֵܣ
Ƶ֮С
ĩˣ۵ҶȣȻҲ緢ӷƻãҲ쳣㵣ˮ֮󣬾Ȼꡣ
ţû᲻ᵱϳԼڼñ侲ɫȻ׵һÿҪװŲʶ
ҲҪĽ
굱ջ֣ͣ£ǰӷӣ·ǰڴ˹Ӷʱ
ͷ֣Լλֵܣӷȭ
ӣ룡
˷׷ÿһеӭҸ֡
ӷʲãǰҸ֣һһ󷽣ӷŮװƻܣҶǰδ࿴һۣͬİƵ߹
и֣˺󷽣һƵȥ
УҪﵽƵ
ǡ
ôй޵ʥϢ
Ƶֱ£ҸڰշţˣҶͻȻ̧ͷǰӦϢֳ֪Ȼ
߲ƣ߲⼸лʥ֣ȻƵҸֶ
ҶȻ֣Լãݣֻһ֣û˵ʸ
㹦һþһƬڵˮա
ͣ
ȻһɹףΪµ۹⣬Χ͵غѹ

һƺ벻ں֮ΧƵĵϣĿŵ֡
ˣ
һȣһ˰ҸΧʣһ֣ϸ߿գԴ߶ͨ׹⡣
һʱ䣬߳׹⣬̵޷˫ۣ

Ӱ֮УԾһֱЫƵģֺǴﵽ۷壬һ˻ʥ
Ƶһֻʥ˲ǵͽλ񣬾Ǹ߽λֻ߲ռŰˡ
ӣ֮ģ˲ӭǣ
ʮƵֱ£Ҹ֣һУǺ򣬻˳˼治򵥡
һվӷһԣ̾
֮ͱˣģֻңȻ˲ӭǣЩС飬Ըң
ӷ죬ЦЦУɱ֣ʥ֣ǰҲʲô
㣬Ǹ㡭
ҵĸ֮УҶҲһԡ
ʱŮװƻܣҶȣǹҶȲȻ˵еغһ䡣
ĪҪˡҶȿɵﲻС㣬ӶǵﲻֻܰӦӦ
ҶֵܣģǲҿݣСֻڶ㣡
ǰӷ˵͸ſ
ãô˾ˣģǸϽһʥƺﵽܾ˵Ϊãֱ֪ǳ
ΪεףҶĮعעΧ
ϷƵ֣ΧɱˣԷûˣһ˼֡
ˣֲ׶Ըģ
ӳһ֮
ӷԱλߣƾһˣõӷ⣬һɳ飬߿ա
ͷˣ
겻ǲʶôˣó߲ƣʵǿ԰ЩնɱһҲòࡣ

ëս֮УһƵպɱһḻˣ﷢
һƣĿӰˣΪǿʥ
ȭײһ𣬶ʱײʥ񼶱ƣΧˣ׷³Ѫ
ۣ
һУ
ͻȻʧȥƽ⣬һ˪˵ӣλɴ˫ͫԹһˡ
ˣ
ָһһɷӡѺ˷ӡŻһѺ˾ߣ·
̫ˣһоͰһʥƷ벻ٸ֣޷ţȻһնɱʣµ֡
ң׷Ĵ塭һˣΪʹﵽʥ̫ˣҿһ壡
ΪȵģĪҶȣ꣬ƺ֪ҵûжپ㵣ҶȴҲ˽⣬г𺳡
˿ƺʥӷǰ׵ӣץˣֻһոսλʥ񣡡
ӷĿٿȻںϣһ㵭ʵԹ޳ΪҪҳ֣
ţ޼£ƽܴģ̤Ƶ̤뺣֮ģ
ݣ
ܿ仰ʱðɣ޲ðѺ˵ɱ
ķŭӷȴƽǴ˵ƽңϵҲǣΪɱǣⲻһ٣
ƽܣ֮ġң֮ĹȻƽЩ֮䣬ƺҲ
һԵҶȣľͷһϢ
ҪҪȡƽܣҪõ֮ģھҪʼ׼Ѻ֮ıˮ¿
ֿ꣬꣬㻹Ϲʶˣ֮ǰǻƼµֵܣҪжĥɱ¿
㣡ǳݺŭɶһӷ侲ŭѹ
ӷҲʾ侲ȻֿˣĪҪϷˣҲǵģֻѡһʵ̷
Ҿƽģʲô˵ģɲĿڷ硣
ɱ㣬練ƣҾͲţܼȥȥ˺úд̫ɣ
ӷ˺һȻ߳ˣһ۷ΪԭǾӢźֱӷ
ܾˣεʩ
ﻰЩƻߵĹϵȻݣûܿһ©֮㣡
ǣ
ִһˣʼѰ
ӣ֮ģǲһ·˳磬֪ʲôǣƷ˵ͣӷ˵
ˮڣ˵ףһ鷳ԴΪ棬˸Ҫ棬ԾҪżǣǸǸôЩ˻ܵó𣿡
ҲǴװ׸ռ֮ƻңʱϾʵ˵δһ£֮ûеˣһʮߣÿ˵һһףӦһߣˣð鷳ϣ뺣֮ĵҪһҲÿԲʲôڱ˷ˣ
ӷһŷѡ
ӷǺļƣҲгǸǸ˲ţһΪĪ⣬׷һ
κҶȵߡ
˶Իֶ뷨֮ĵߣҽ˳һͳ֮ģǿԺҺңһ˽⣬ҲԽҵĪ
ҶͻȻãӦҵĹϵһ
һ
ӣѰȫǼɣ
֮ûκη֣źʣĸ֣СҸ֡
СҸҲڸ߶Ƚ䱸֮У˼Ƶȥ


1948 λ߲
֮˳Ƶ
Ҹֱȥ뵺ϷƽҪд
ں󷽣ӵ졣
߹֮У
ʱβμˣ۴ֱࡣ
˴һȥʮˣģֻʮ˳ͷ
ϷģǼμСӳһṦ򣬾Ů澶ƺòˣ񣬿Ǻɵ񣬵ʮλֵܣһЩˡǻˣ͸úúûţ
һȻԶŲͬ˼뿪½أˮ磬Ͼͬ£Ƕ٣żֳء
ɣܸˣ׷ĴҲƵϵܺõĺ飬βμֵܣÿ˽ǧƷʯ
˵֮ﶯ䣬һһ֮ͨʮö䣬·ÿˡ
֮ҶȾͻص֮С
βδ뿪Ƶصˮ磬ҪȴᣬҪüһ棬ŶԷҲ뷨
Ȼ˼֮Ҷ֮ʣӷż֣Ըл壬лϴβμĸ֡
ӷǳִ󷽣ÿһ˶Ͳʯ˸϶ᣬаŮװƻܣҶȰʾ⣬һ֮С
ӷ¶ˬЦݣҶֵܣϴһû뵽ټˮټ֤Եֲǳ
ǲ٣ҶҲĬˣǳǳһЦ
ƻЦҶȣ㲻ˮôͻȻƵΪƽܿһԺģֶΣڴ˰ɣ
ӷһȣСãҶֵܿЦ
ҶǫӦС˵ʵҲ⣬ҶȵȷΪƼңһԺԺ˵ˣ
ӷƻ˿Ҷ˵ֵܲ⣬ӭʱңҶֵܣԸ⣬ң鼰˷Ҫæ
Ӻˣˮʺ£ҿ޼ɵһУʵƵһӣ
ֲֵܣȻСط
鲼˷빫⣬֪ӿҵԴ𣿡
Դ
ӷһƺһûعҶǾܾ룬ͻأ⣿
֮ӷЦֵܣԴ䣬κһ߱ȻֵҪȻУ
ͷӣΪ¶ʮƷʯǶǮҶȻһץһö䣬׸ӷ
ʮڣ
һԵƻܣԵЩ㵣ƺҶòôʯ

ӷְѴ䣬ƸҶȣֵӷѵӷͲֵܣǮͲҪˣµ򣡡
˵꣬óһö
ͬҶҲóһö໥
Ѿͬһֺϵ
֮ģҪһʱ䣬Ŷʮңֵܸһ׼ȷţӷպ򣬵˵
ҶȵҲżں֮ģʲôҪ֪һǣܾģزƴǣ
ã˵ˣշ˵ֻ֮棬ӣ߰ɣ
ӷҲҶ֮󣬴ƻ֣߳Ҹһͬ˵졣
ǽ˺ϵ
ֻһӣֻһԭΪ˻ñԴģΪңϵ
ҶȻصϢգ֪ã뿪Ƶ֪֮һ˵뿪Ƶȥ칺Щ
ʵҪͻһλλ߲
ƵѰҵһƬˮȻʼ߶󣬻Ĵֱܷˮķ
̫¯ȼţ
ʱ䣬̫ӣԼӣ֮һԪȻﵽһλ״̬
һͨ壬ںϵ״̬£ͨںֻҪ϶ʱ䣬һλ۷壬ͿԽλ
ʱһȥҶȵʵһλ۷塣
ڶԴһ룬һڶԴں֮ٶȻﵽܾ˵ĸ߶ȣؼںϱԴܿͻﵽλ߲߶ȡ
˺ӡӡ֮Լ񵤣ҶԴԼǱԴ
κһ㹻Խһλʮںһһ֮Уʣ¼ҶȴӸ߲̤
ԴﷴΪڣﵽʥһϣҲǱ
һ֮ҶȾҪ뾡취øıԴǧͼԼӤյЩԴҪܳʱ䣬ͳͳûм꣬޷ô߼ıԴ
ӵо䣬ȻҪ꣬ΪЩԴ֮࣬Ʒʸ߼ʥ񣬾ʥ޾˾һӣκһԴʥҲҪʱȥ
ҶҪһӣбԴôǧͼӤգҲҪ꣬ԼõʮԴȫһһٶҪЩ̫ΪٶҪࡣ
ҲͿˣÿһҲҪʮ£ʮ꣬ھ䣬ڹȥʮꡣ
ǧͼӤҪıԴںϣںϲҶ˿٣ҲһҪʱԭ
ˣ
ȥ
ҶͻȻ˫ۣ񷣬˫ֿʼӡԴʼӿս֮Уϵӿ룬ҶӴԽԽ顣
ԪγˣеԴӿҶȲϽӡʼԪʡ
һᣬֹһʱ䣬ԪѴﵽһɴС
ʱȻֹȫĶԴ棬ٽӡӡơӿ롢ǣԪ
ˡ
˫һᣬԪҵĻζҡڣգ֮󣬾ʹһɴСΪһ߶Դ
ڶԴɹᣬҶȴһλ̤˶λ߲
ģϤʼһ飬Ҷ޷ƵģԼ飬ʹҶȶԣҲ塣
֮Ҷ̴Ӿ֮УոոմӱԴ֮УһıԴ
ͬůӿڣϷ񵤡ԼѪߴ£ٶȣ
ͬʱҶҲղ¯ڲڽԪԽԽ࣬Ͼʼ
ԴѸں̫⡢޼˻סʮ١ֻԼʵͳͳںϣУеʣһȻ󲻶ϵںϡ
һҶȵٶȣԼָ
ֻһʱ䡣
ɣһҲﵽһ̶ȣȻ䡣
ûһͨ涼λ߲߶ȡ
ˮ磡
ˣιūЩȴû
ͼĹ֮УϷԻ
Ҳһɻüͷ˴㣬¾֪ǶǽƻĺܣȻ
μߣϱ֮Ƕ⣬ϣߣѸˮ򣬻ңǰǣǱҪѷǵһһʱ䣬㻹ҪȥѰǻ䣡
²ɾ裬ʱʱ̻̿ˣԳȥǰϲˣõ߿أ
ⲻʲôǮƸ㶨һжˣЩҵߣʵһ˰ɣ
ͼЦЦžһ⡣


1949 ٴϮ
ˮ߿գ
֮УӾжҶȣֳһԼ̫¯ӿڣһ˲ʧ
ھУһ硢ͨͳͳһλ̤λʵڣλ¡
ʥ񣬸һ
ͨ壬ƵҶˮ磬ūڵĺ֧
뵶ūںˮ֮УƯںɽ֮ϣΪṩϢ֮
פһҶϵ
֪ܿͼ˳һūڴɴŴˮѰټ
ǾŽλ񣬶ҵʵѴﵽλӵʥʵΣϲʱ㶼κβңοڣ
꣬ѹ֮ʱҶʵʮֹʵﵽ˸߽λͬΪҶѾɵ
ʱٴκɨͼΧˮһֻ֣һδ˿ա
ЦЦ߶뵶ūֹͣУҶںˮϣȻһͬͨں֮ͨٽ硣
ˮ磬оһӴӰҹˮиֹâˮҹûзֱ
ΣϢҲ͸֮ٴ̤ͼˮ̣պеõĵͼͼˮ֮УдС֮࣬ЩСҲͬ
һ·ǰˮ֮Уһ
ȻһƬˮ¿ľ֮ϣƬˮ򣬺ܿĳʱڣ½سӵƬľҲ֤һ㣬֮УӦγïʢˮɭ֡
ͨӦΧʮͷϲ񵽸߲ĺ֮ڣжʮͷ߲
ΪǿĺΪﵽλ񣬶ͷΪһλλȡ
һɲ
Ҷȵ˵ʵȽˮʱ̫࣬ͽλǰ˵ǴвѾûκв
Ƕ⴦֣ץʱ䣬ȻһʱòϢҲҪԤⷢ
Ҷ˶һһڿ
ͣ
ΧʮͷڿľϢӴͬһɽǡ
ͻأ֮䣬һֶ޴ֱۣһ׼ĺӶֱӾͰѺԴͬƵģĵñը
Щϲ񡢸߲ͽλȫǾ˵Ķ֣ʮʮͷͱնɱʬҲһҶȡ
Щǵͼûʸ붴ڵĺǴﵽ߽λ߲ԼĴڡ
磬ǿʳûʵĵͼֻϢˮУʵߣӵж̡
ز
ūƯڶ֮ϣ˰ѶΧū˫һץһĳޣ˵ϢŶӶޡ
ȣ
һڶ֮ϣģѾ޴󶴸룬룬ҷѣʼ
ಣ
һͷͷܵţæ֪˺£Ĵʼ֯һں

һֻ֣ˮͰִ󣬶ָſһɶֱһͷͷץ
ɱɱɱ
ƼˣͻϮΧ֮Уۣʱ£ˡ
޽
ǿĺʵԽ뵶ū׵İѾ𿪣Ҷֳ޽ٶ
ΪιĶѵǡ
һҶȣͲһһͻȻ뵽ʲô¶ŵ𺳱飺ˣһˮ򣬲ð
ڣʶҶȵ˵
Ȼ֪Ǹӻˣ
Ӷ޽Ҷͬɱһ
ڴͼˮؽ֮ڣÿһ֪Ҷһ˵Ĵڣ벻ͼ˴󶯾Ѱǣȴ
ǵʲôͣ
ʱѪĺˮӿҶȡ
ͻͻͻ
Ѫˮ򵥣֮Ҷȴ̳޽ײһ𣬶Ѫˮһ޴Ӳ壬ײҶڵˮ
ˮ𶯣Ҷȷ֣ͷλһֶΣʵҲλﵽλ¡
̣
ѪˮϷ߶·ˮ̬ʱ仯γһŴ죬ﵽףҶ̫࣬һҶҧȥ

һƣȥ쵱һײ
ԺҪҶȣϺˮƿأоˮĺˮΪҶȴ߶ĴƣѹɢҶִ߶һƣһΣѪ첻¡
Ҷʵ󣬼Ǵͬһ߶ȣǺ棬Խ࣬ҶȻҪռ·硣
ǿϻ
û뵽ҶʵǿﵽµĵزɲǼ䣬ʩչǿĹ
ȫʼӿ֣ѪֻΪˮ̬ѺӺˮ֮УͻȻųһתѪˮԼжʮ
Ѫˮںϣȫﵽǿʵ
֮УѪˮٶȣκοռͨ

ʮѪˮ˷תҶȣٶȿļۣ޷
죬ʵǿ죡

Ѫˮ̫࣬ٶֿ죬Ҷֻܴ߶޽һһ湥ԦѪˮͬһɽˮкɣһѪˮ׷ҶȹԵĹһͱնɱ
Զȥˮ֮еĺͬħһֲ
ܸȥ˫㣡
ʽ̫Ӵ޽Լǹȵȵһ޷
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˫һ֣ΪģĴ˫㣬Χˮ򣬿ƺˮкˮΪ˴˫УҲﵽҡ
ͻͻͻ
µĴ˫㣬дޣ·ʼѪˮԼˮ˫ֳӰԵͬʱֶ߳ͨΣѪˮ֧顣
Χˮ˻ΪѪɫ
˫˺˺ѪˮʱѺΧУÿκǧιһǴﵽλĹ
ۣ
ʮķ˫˺飬ȻҲ˫˺飬ʱѪģ
ʥǹ
һ⣬ҶȻӱ۴̳˺Դ
һλҶϣ׾նɱ˺˴ͨԼ䣬Ѵﵽɹĸ߶ȡ
һͷλڣһд
ʬ壬תս󲿷ֺѱնɱūһˣնɱͷʵҶ֮£ҲǺܾˣһֱδ߶̫ħزڤס
̫ħزڤ׳֣ɨһƬˮ
Ϊ飬ūȻʹãǴ߶̫ħزڤףҲ𲻵еá
۾ˣǵսҲ࣬ʮ˷ħϣʵȻﵽ߽λǶԸһͷʥ񾳽ĺʮ˶սʤܡ
ϮжҲֻһṦʮͷһͷھУһ
õôĺʬ壬ȴﵽĿģֻԼչεı
ͳͳɾҶȣԼūˣ
ɨսһʤҶȴžˡū뿪ˮ򣬿ع麣֧


1950 ͨ
ص֧ҶȾͿʼսƷ
ȴ߶̫¯ʮͷʬ壬׷У÷Ȼץһöö䡣
һǿɨд䣬ϷžƣҶǿ£׷飬еĴۻǡ
Լһ칦Ҷȵʵдʧ
һÿһö֮С
һ鿴λ˾˵ĲƸ
ʯһٶڣ౦ʯеĻֵܼ֮ࡣ
ô˵һʲƸ֮ǰۻıһҶУѿõó߰ʯ
κʥҲòôʯ˾޾ˣԼٵʥֻ񣬲ܵõӴĲƸ
⻹档
һһ꾪ˣÿһ궼ܻڲƸ˻ƽ䣬ҶҲõ˵ĲƸ
߰ڣӺռֻǿʼҪɨͼˮؽ磬֪öٵĲƸ
ŶǷԴ̺Ϣбʺںϣ
ҶĵģǱ֮УûõıԴǷƷʻ
㹻Ҷһ磬һԴָޣһˣںϱԴʯͷô򵥣±֮󣬾Ϳʼ˯
Դ࣬κ壬֣Ҳ⡣
⼸ԴȻ޾ǵõıȣ̫࣬ԴںϵĻҲֻҶȽλ߲
ܿһſҲɹҶȰӷ뵶ūӵмţһһںϵĻʵкܴ߾ղһսҲһЩģ
ҶӡԼ֮Լ񵤣ԼʼոյõԴھ棬ıԴҪһʱ
ʵߣ֪ҶȾλ߲߶ȣԴٶȣλҲ⡣
²񣬶ǵͼ磬ͻٶȻܾˣǵʥͻͲˣФĪֳϣͣʥ񾳽Ӧ飬ʥ񾳽磬Ҳꡣ
ʱͼӵĹ֮С
Ⱥ˵ûûˣ
һڼ׵Ĵͼжŭ·վʮ֣ȫǸ߽λû˸ҿ
ǵûгȥѰˣǻеӣҵڣɱҵͼˣһ
ˣ
֮⣬һǿߣǴ
ջ񣿡ͼɫ΢΢ĺת˫֮ͫڣȻɱ
ǰȭûջȥ٣֪ʲôطҲϢѽ챾̳ÿ·̳ڶʱ䷢֣
ͼһ¶Цݣȴֵĵ̫˰ɣ
Ϊˣκδ۶⣬¶Ҫˣһͳޱˮ򣡡˵
ûУϸ˵ʲôǾʲôһҪˣҾ
ǣ
˼æŴ뿪˹
ˮ磡
֮Ҷȵʵ߲٣һλ߲Բʱ̶ձԴ
ȴȥնɱôͼûӹҴҲҪ
Ҷ֣뵶ūͳͳɨˣҶһĵѾָҸʵһһ䡣
ˮ磬ȻҶˣʵ;

ˮ֮ͨ硣
ͼˮ֮ǰҶڴͼеĺϵ֪ͼɳˮѰˡ
ͼôҲ벻ǻں֮УǿɲǺ
ڨڨһЦóͼʼѰĿ꣬ͬһط֣ҶȺܿĿ꣬˷ҷˮ
Űֽ֮ͼˮ֮У;ȻɣѲߵĺϧЩˣôܷҶȵĴڡ
ܿ죬һˮɽʯ֮УʯΡ룬Χмɺ򵥡
Ӧﵽʮͷ֮࣬ܶ࣬Ϊĺﵽ˰֮࣬лλǿ
ȷһǿĺǰҶȿ϶žˡūܶԶ֮ڣôʵһһ仯ۺٶȣԶԶ࣬޷ҶȵᲢۡ
꣬˶ϲ񣬴ﵽʵԺ˵أ꣬ʵ֮һѾܿɹ
ζֲָ٣Ҳܾˣؼǵøʱ䣬Чʣһβɱ¾
Ҷȿ뵶ūϾ˵
ˣˣ
ΪףŷʥȾˣһһͷ
ְɣȡһغϣúȥ룡
Ҷȷɳ
ˮɽϷϢţһЩͳˮӾбУʮ˷ħ
ᣡ
ͬʱӡһ˻Ӷʮ˷ħһ˼Լʮϵʵ߶ʮ˷ħ
ʮ˼߽λʥž˴߶ʮˣͬʱһ߾ֱۣغɽ
ˣ
ͻȻۿʮ˷ħҪһ֮ϣ֪ʯƺڲ˸Ӧͬ翪ʼ仯
䣡
ˣ˵ʮ˷ħʮ˼ʥ񷨱϶ʮ˵ݺݵغըˮɽ
һʱضҡˮɽݣһʯʮ˷ħˣǳˮݡ
ɱ
֮УʮͷǱĺ˳һ͸Ѫ챩֮⣬˵ĹһܵаҲŲͬơ
ȫһ˵ʥ񣬺οЩ
ˡ
ͻȻӷɳһں⡣

ںѳһ֣ȴʱֵҶȣһ飬׹ƬҶüŨҵıϢҽʥĸ߶ȣⲻЩԵģĪǴǴͼµģ
˲ϢҶȾˣͼˮھһţ̿Ĵꡣ
ϧЩֶΣ޷ӹķۡ
ЩֻǶˣȻͼǴˡ
üޣҶþ뵶ūӿٶȡ

ūϷͻȻ䣬˫ſ£һɹѪѪںϺˮ֮£ΪһεεѪ꣬ˮȥﵽǧס
Ѫ£δ⣬ȫĶԸˣһʱ޷ӳ˵ΧǾҪԸôһҲܡ
Ѫ𽥵һͷͷϣԼеѪɫϢӿڡ
ʵߣūӵӦ֣
һĻȻҶȾһС
໣
ɱĺͻȻһʹѰңԴǵڣ˺ǵ࣬ʲô

ץסᣬ뵶ūϣĥ֮ʣ˴߶ʮ˷ħһһȥͰѶʮͷնɱ
ͷ޷⣬ƾǿҲ޷ֹԵūĹ


1951 Դ
Ҫͨ뵶ūӴϢС
ūΣѪҩӣˮ֮УѪںϺˮӴһͷͷٽڡ
ĿֲҶкģһ壬͵˾綾ᱻʩƿء
Щ˶Խ֣޷⵶ūͨϢУһһնɱ

һкʬ壬ȫҶġ
ǧͼ
ͼǴȻϾͻɱҶȴ߶ǧͼˡūգ۾ͳʧںˮ֮С


һ޴ˮӰӺˮ˵ιȻûɴģ·Ϊˮ򣬶ʱһ˼顣
̶ʱ䡭ǰ˾Ȼ⴦
ţٶ֮죬Ӧ֮Ͼ͸ˣΪ԰ٷְٵץסҶȵˣû뵽˸ա
͵ֻΧѪˮݣ׷׵رա
ಡ
Լʮ֮ʮ֣лвٵĸ߽λڵ˹
ɱ֮һһͣŪ㶯
ֹȥһṦ򣬴ʧվҡҡͷôϢƾƵģǰԷǵϢ˿ϢҲ޷׽⵽Ϊʲô
벻ͨ벻ͨܲ׽Ϣڡ
Ȼ츳ͨѾʧȥЧãҶȵˣѾô뵽һζ޷ݡ
˵ԽԽһΣһΣȥжϣתһں
ǣ
ʣһֺԭѰңΧɢȥ
֧
ԭǴʩչͨҪ֮УҸϧ̺ͨϢ޷ӹҵĸӦ
ص֮УҶþ뵶ūں֮Уھ֮Уδϲ鿴ʬ壬ʲôԼ䡣
ϸϸ˼֮ǰ֤˵ūͨҶһֱ̲סū̫ͨ˼ʤ
뵽һӣشնɱҲõĺʬ壬Լ䡣
Ǿǡ壡
ūԽԽˣֻҪֲ´κ˶Ҫ֮
úãɱõİ취ūУ壬֮Уֲ´ȻŴԼ壬һմǾȫˣ޷ߣ
һ˼⣬Ҷϸ㣬СС֣ʱܵõĺʬ壬ԼƸ
һηɱ˴ͼ󲿷ָ֣ȻһԸͼʧȥȸ֣ͼʧȥΪ̵
ūʵûҪһΡ
Ҫô壬ȻūʵҪ룬ҶȾѴǧͼڲոʣһ뱾Դūա
ūҶǰõԴԼӡ֮ԼӣȻȥһС
˱ԴūʵȻʱ䣬һδԾ
ҶȿʼսƷ
ץסʮö䣬߶Ĩƣ̫࣬Ҷ㻨ʮ죬ŰнĨ
Ȼһ֮С
Լ֮ع飬Ҷȶʱ¶һЦݣˣʯڣмǧʯ޷вٵԼˮⱦ¼ֵﵽ˰ϣֵܼѾﵽ˵ڣ
ʯǴհ֮ǰ߰ʯӵеĲƸѾǧڣ
ʥ񼸺޷ӵУĪФֳϣҲӵǧʯһЩʥ
ǧʯں֮ģԽһȥһ۹ǲܵģɣ㹻ˡ
ҶȵĲѾʥȵģ
㹻Ĳ޾˹ıԴҲռԺɽǿߣʹá
ҪʼΪԺ㡣
취ҲҪһ޾ˣڣҪǰ֨ٴιıԴ
ǣҶֱó޾˷һ
һᣬ޾˶δش𣬿ڸңԶˮ֮УʱǲлӦġ
ռıԴҲҪȥУڵٶȣȥʥأ̫ˣ
ͬʱҲ뵽˳ħ磬ˣҶ޷ָĴڣǿˣҲҶԼ
߳Ŀ齫ĺˣǾĵӵߣĸ߶ȣȻᳬ
ô֮󣬰Ѹ౦ɺãϧûзֱԴм
Ŵ߶¯кʬ壬׷УʼΪӡ
ʱ䲻ʧգ۾ǼȥҶǲ鿴⼸겻ɸһδУѾ˶λ߲߶ȣ̫ˣǺֱǰװΪҶ
ת飬ʹûᣬãΣգҪʱʹã
磬취ܶ࣬Ȼת飬ӦҶȲʹãϴʹã磬һӵдֻ涼еظ췭ı仯
ŰѺӣˣʮͷʬ壬Ƴӣϰٿţÿ˶ԷֵĿš
ȻĿڵūϡ
ūΪȻ˸߲ʵڶʱҲΪ˱ԴʣʵҶѾûжٲࡣ
Դ̫ˣðʣµİ˼ԴıԴָһ֣
ʵһ֤Դá
ȻūʵˣҶȾþ£뵶ūԻص硣
ٴͼˮ֮УɲϮģҪһˮǰú塣
ˮѰ˼죬ڷһƬʯѻγɵɽɽ֮£պһϿȣݺɽ룬Խˡ
õطǺõطһϿȣ֤һ
һЦҶȱ뵶ūϿ֮С
Ͽ֪мͷΪﵽ߽λĺδҶ뵶ūͱˣնɱ
ϿݺᣬܶǼ̵ɽ
ҶʩչӡĺˮʼӿڲΪһ磬ʮƮɢҶҪģý磬ǽ֮֮Уմϵū
ˣ
׼Ĳ֮ʱūһԣʼӡģӿһƬѪѪ
ҶѪ磬ѪںϽ֮У֮ڵĺˮʼҶƿ֮£մѪ
𽥣һϿȣΪ΢΢Ѫɫҿͷ
̫ˡ
Ҫ⣬Ҳֻõūƿؽ磬ȻȺ֮ٴ߶磬ֳ
ʱūҪؽ磬ȴҶȰѺ
ūȻûҶȼѽĿַū
֮󣬵ū˽ַҶȵͷˣģֻҪ壬մҵѪûһѳ
ıԴʱ䣬ʵ뿪֮ǰҶóոıԴ㹻ūٴʵһеӡ֮
ūԵҶһգӡ֮
һ׼ūϿҶȣѾص˺֧


1952 ̫ʼɽ
壬ص֧ȥʮ꣡
ȻǴƻҶȲżҪԸԼͼףȻҪҪ׵شͼ
Ҷȳ֮Уʱ䣬ԪѴﵽۺĵزλ߲Բһ룬ʵһЩſʼмƻ
ɽ磡
ɽ磬
£һ޴ʯƯ֮У⣬ͷʰ쵵ɫʡ
ʦ𣬲֪ΪΣͥܲǻӦ
ƿռ֮С
ֶϷ߸ϣ·Ǽ״ӣֹԫԼ
ߴӣֻʣˡ
ֶۻ㱨
ֶü帺ͨһֱûлӦ𣿡
ӽʦķּһЭ壬ڼ䣬ӼϵȴûлӦҪȥͥһˣ
ֶ۳˼Ƭ̣üͷչͥȻڽ̫顢ϼǿ£ǹɽ֮ͥУģͥģõǿ߹գкʦΪͥģȻ϶ȥһˣ˳Ϊʦͥʺ򣡡
Ͷ
ת뿪˽ƿռ䡣
ɳֶ죬Ƕ˼ͥʱշȥ
ʱ䲻ӣɽ޽֮ؽǰض޴Ĺͥʱա
ˣ
մһٷͥ
ʦãϲ̤񣡡һԾȺţʩչٷ΢Цףء
ʦ̤˰ʦҲϺģ岻֮Ҳ̤񣬾ͲӦ
ʦǲߴӣҲܸʦЦͷ˵ʲôʱͻȻ˫ͫŷһ⡣
һ󺧣ʦã뿪
ΪΣס
ߣٲ߾ˣ
߶ʮһת޾ɽȥ
ಣ
ֶ۵ĵӣȻӦ۵Ĵڣ
ͬӰӹͥƿնһˣɹʱգͻȻӿһԷâɵľ޴ţǡ
ͻĹ󣬷·ѿԷݣȫӳ˫֣˫ץھ޴ţ֮ϣ
գۣײڵĿռ䣬ȫ飬ſռ
ʦ֣
סǾɫʱʧ˽⣬ɽ磬м˿ѹ
Ȼûж٣
ʲôû˵Ȼٴλ󣬿ǰʧľ޴ţǣܣܣǰѾ
ʦ֣˭ȶԷشʵ
˭
־޴ţǵĿУһɵľˣͷһںţǣѪ˫ͫԼ׳˶˳ʱռ䶼޴ƣԼ޷תѹ
ţͷ񣡡
η
ţͷȻ԰Ŀ֮У͸ŶĲͬĿ⣺ֶ۵ĵӣɽ磬ֵܵסģЩޣûˣһ
˭
һ޵ʱգǷ
˵һһӰֳ֮һشۡ
һԼ˫ۣţͷֿشۣΪ֣ͻأð
شһۣ죺ʦҹͥĵˣȻҲǵĵˣ˶ţֱֶƻ󣬱ۿԸǼҹͥĻᣡ
ٿȻЦطһ䣺Ҫѧһңǰ㣬Ըĩ߹
֪ô
شɫĮţͷ񣺡˵ΪѴﵽԸԸ
Ҫ֣
ţͷͶȥս⡣
ʦãСģ
޷תȻסҲ˭ǵĶ֣գɽĸ֣ţͷǹͥϵһ֡
ʦ֣ӳһԥ֣ܶͥȻѱͥۿƣǱҪϢʦ𣡡

ȻţͷȻɽգٶԭԽ죬ÿһѿռ̤顣
չͥһ֣̫ǿˣ
䣡
ţͷٶȣԽԽ죬ҲӴ˫˦ͰѿռѣѾڵĿռ䡣
ѹ˲ͷţɳֶһץ˵һһţͷ

ţͷһȭһȭ֮ϣһȭȥ飬ɣڵ׿ռ䣬Ż
ͻ
ʯ䣬Ծգ˲Ƶٶȣֶţͷһȭ
ƴͨпܶȥұȭͷ
ţͷмһЦұžžһһȭ

˫˫ȭײһţͷһȭͰұ÷飬һرը
˺󼸲ұѾ޷һ£Ծ˵ٶȻָţǿн֣Ҫսǿе츳
֪ɽ磬뱾ƴȭͷģֻۣԼ໨ŴۣԼߣһ࣬
ţͷԲѵ˵
ͣ
󷽴һѪ
Ťͷһŭ죬ΪѪϷһΡɽӰʧ
Ȼشۣɽĳ
ܲˣҲܲˣ
ţͷͻȻȭͷҲź
ȭ
ȭһβȭͷӭȥʩչͨ
ȭɲǼ䣬һɺȼհĻȭӡǧ׾޴ţͷӭȥ
򣡡
ţͷȭͷڻȭӡ֮ϣȻϰͷţǣ͵سǰײȥеռ䣬̵ţ£÷׷顣
һжں֮䣬˫һʱţǻţʵٶȻ棬ţͷ֮¡
ȻţͷڹһоͰ£Եĵˣ󣬶ڣţͷչֵʵǳԽˣﵽţͷ£أ
һѪػζţĵصţͷһΪ
ʦ֣
ͻȻͷһѪڱ󣬳һѪ򣬲ƣȥ
û뵽㻹ӵ
ոշɳһɽ赲ǰգ۾ͻûش۵ģſָ
䣡
˱شָѹڿռ䣬ʱ顣
Ҫɱ
ڴʱһӰʮӰ޽֮Ͽֶ
ƿռʱ¶һӢա
̫ʼ
ش۵ͷʵ̫ʼΪβɱֶ۵״ӣŴҹͥΪУ
ֶйصˣʱܶ
̫ʼٿȻһʹشָ£˳ش۵Ի̫ʼƣֻƶѣƬ顣
ɼ̫ʼĲ࣬жྪˡ
ȥֶ۴ĪͥҲֶ죬Ҳ˼Ҫˣ
̫ʼһϢһģƿնȥʧڹͥʱա


1953 պ
Żɽ
شȻԹԡ
ǲδٶ౧ԹԻ̫ʼ֪̫ʼǲ󣬶ҴǼȥϣ
һЩ˰ˣֻǲ룬ɽˣڵɽ磬ҪԺʱˣǹͥҪɱ˭Ҫʲôûǣ
̫ʼһߣȻĿϡ
붯
ţͷʩչ̫ʼţͷ񣬾Ի̫ʼ˼ɵ
˭û̫ʼǴ
ͨߣļֵɽ֮Уװ˷ˣϣо޴ã
̫ʼɨһۣдżֵЦݡ
ء
ʱ˿̣ӹͥʱ֮УӰһ߲µشۣ׹ۡ
Ƕã
̫ʼָһһֻ⣬С
̫ǿˣ
شۡۡشۡţͷ񣬷׷׼ֻ⣬һ𺳣ȷ˿Կģɽ磬߲⡣
ˣĴ֣ɱֶ죬նɱֶۣʼùͥٴγΪɽİ
ֶƫƫ˵ʵ֣Ҳֶ۵Ķ֡
ּ̫ʼʵ𾪣˲ҲǷ԰Ҷʣ
ãҸո½磬һʱȥǣû뵽ⳡϷ̫ʼĴ֣뵱꣬Ϊ칬һ֣Ӳͬ
̫ʼĪŵԣǷ磿
ش͸һݾϲɼݾϲװģĿΪͥƿߣҲһ֮͡
ڵΪУޱȵǿ󣬵磬ǿ߶㲻ϣǾã˴磿»һ´ν٣ʵһǴ磬֮ǰǿãԺӹĵ
ˡ
ԸԶ࣡
ش۴ʱҲûǰ緢ɽƣòΣͷ
̫ʼһɨĴǿߣһĿ⣬ЦʶʱΪܣԻһΣһΣȻٴνǻһΪˣǵĺôԶ벻ģ
شʵ½ʲôƻ
½ĿģΪͥҲΪɽ磬ǵ٣뵱귨ĩ࣬ǾͱʣȻͬӪȻùͥܵѹƣ
̫ʼָһΧʮľĿܣÿһƣȻǲ˼󣺡ʮܣΪﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣɽ֮У˾ŴߣԼܴڵ񼶸֣κˣǶ֣ԺǾǣǹͥ
ʮ
Ĵֶ͸ֱĿ⡣
ֶۣһ󣬾˼ɵޱȣǣɽһɵֶ۵ģ
ڹͥƿʮһֶۣ
һö񵤣ޱȵͼĴڣɽ磬㹻Ǵﵽɽ۷壬Խ񣡡
̫ʼóһƿĴۣùͥһͳɽ磬ɽ磬ǹڵ⣬нͥĴǿƿ£Ҫֵ͵أȻжϵɽͥҲڰ׳󣬵ȴʱǹͥӭһʱĵʱǷ磿ʲôͥǨ磬Ҳ⣡
磿
ͥԣ
Ĵۣһľǲţ˷ܳڴϾͥһֵģͥȫǨ磬ǽǰ޹˺ߵ漣
ش۵Ȼ׹⣬ǻᰴ˼ȥ죬ɽչģսɱƣ
شͻȻʵĿˣҶΣ

̫ʼüͷһЦħ纺磬ɹ磬ҼʮĴʥأΪ˺ĵӣǻĲʵѾǿ󣬵ǱQ˶ãȹںҵõµһж˽ģǿĴʥصĳãǧҪֶ֣ǹŮˣ
ף
Ĵ۳Ĭˡ
ΪֶۣΪҶȵˡ
ӼϣڶʱھͳԽЩˣǲòզࡣ
ಣ
̫ʼͻȻһ⣬ʧɽա
ֶ죡
ಣ
ȫУڼֶ죬һѪѾ֧ͻȻֶ۷һ⣬ˣʱ󾪣ô£ȥˣ
ʦţͷԼشۡ
ֶ۵£Ϣ֮ǰһһ
ֶһ㵣ǾȻû
Ƭ֮˲ռƶ˳ֶƿռȻֶΣ˳Ǹ̫ߣشۡشۡԼţͷͶ£
ʦȾȶʦ֣˿İ
ǼȻˣΪʦҪȳʦ֣زף飬пࡢ̫ʼйء
ֶһ⣬ڣȻ߶һ򣺡̫ۡ顢ϼ𡢳ͷ
Ҫ˵Ϣ֪ɽе
ڤڤ֮Уֶ۸ӦɽҪˣ
磬֮ģ
֧֮УУҶȵʵѾλ߲²֮󣬾Ҫλ
ټˣ뿪˺֧
УҶһˣȥ뵶ūϣһˣٴͼˮ֮ڡ
ҪʼƻһҪشͼ
Ѱһȷһǰкǳ˯УǸѣڶΧȻھš
һ³һǣͼøӽƻˣкڰзţҵ֮ͨϣҪɱǣζӲˣ
ЦЦ˿ͨӦȷжʮͷΪǿģһͷĽλ
ʮ˷ħ
߶ʮһʥʮˣ߶ʮ˷ħǿʥ񷨱Ͼ˵ľͻȻȥ
еĺѾ֣˷
䡭
ɲǼ䣬ѣʮ˷ħ˵ľûΪ棬ΪƽأƬˮðݡ
ɱ
һȥ
ಣ
ʮͷ˺ʧطɳ໥ɱ˷·ûжȫʱ䡣
ԭҶȵ˼úʱ䣬һУ֪ȥҲһ⣬ʱشӷ֮Уɢ˳ȥ
ϴͬһĻǴ⴦
ȥҶȼǲŶèèϷһˣ޴ֱۣհһ˺顣
ƣǵĶ֣Զ֮У˵ľˣǲ壬ǺᲢ۵ġ
ֻǼ󼸸ͱһ˺ˡ
ҶȹһˣһϢȻžˣȻкʬøɸɾʱٵȥ
๾࣡
һṦ򣬼գۣӺ󷽺ˮ֮Уһܵݣһسڷ֮ϣһ·ˮֲһӰôӵֱۣܵˡ
󷽣ʮͷȻжʮͷ֮࣬и߽λ񣬾Ȼһ룬ôǿһ


1954 ٴνִ
Ĵ飡
ʼʳˮкʼж

һƬһƬĺˮ롣
ոʳڶʱͻȻͣˣ¶ϲЦݣڷһ˿˿Ϣ׷
͵һ´ִʮͷǿĺҶȡʧˮ򣬼׷ȥ
ѷȺ˵Ϣ׷ȥģһƱػ𣡡
ͣطɹˮ֮УһݣһΪٷˮ֮С
ȻһУһԦˮʳмһ֡
ٶԽԽ죬ˮһ׹ƵģһȺɹԶˮ
Լʮ֮󣬴һںǰˮϿգһݡ
ٶȼӿ죬ǻһǰ
쳣Щ꣬һֱڿѰңҪҵˣһ򾡣ںٶԽԽ죬ܿͼʮӰǰˮ
ಡ
ۿźҪٶߣ֪ǰӰƺʲôٶҲʼӿ졣
ܲˣ
ȻǷںЦЦкٴٶȣȻǰʮԽԽ
ĺãĺã
ǰԼԶˮ֮С
ҶعͷϣɿܸеĻң򾲴ݵ΢ЦȵľǴʱ˿̣һ˿˿ú׷
˿˿һֲˣͼˮ򣬿ֻдͼԷ֣Ҷô츳ͨ¶ţ׷һ˾Ͱˡ
ٶȼӿһЩūǷˮȥ
󷽣ںϿ˽룬Ҫ׷Ҫһʱģʱ䣬ҶÿԵϿȡ
һ׷Ҹ֮ǰһɽڵĵط
ҶٶȷһЩֻǰź֮ľ룬һ룬һľ룬ֻʣ¼ףҺٶԽԽ죬˫Կ˴˵Ĵ磬òȵȡ
Ͼ׷ˣ
ҶˣƻŲ·һ·ɽ·һͷϿȣС
׷׷ƬˮһҲӲˣ
֮УкٶȣѾ˼£ҲһͷͷϿ֮С
ϿȻԼҶȵˡ
ūˣ
ϿʱҶһ

Ȼ䣬ź׷ϿʱϿһˮðѪˮѪˮδ⣬оΣգһ˼׷Ҷȵˡ
ۿҪɹϿ룬ɳѪˮ
ᣡ
ѪˮϷֳʮλˣԼū
ū˫һϣմһӡ˫ͫѪȵаϢһƤͷѪâ
ô£ôйʹУ
ۿһںڴ£ҪɳϿ룬ǲٺٶȷеͣͣѰʲô
һɱڵģʹ죬ƺʲôĥǡ
˫üһպȵǸʲô
ƺжҪڲ˺һһʹࡢɻ͡
ǡ
˹ؼʱ򣬾ȻʱӣŭɶͻȻûԼҲ¶ŵɫ
ȻԼ壬ڲȻҲһȣȻʼ˺ѣŵӣһиڵļ⡣
߶ȫѹ˵Ĺ
һҲųȥ
ʮͷǿĻ˵ϣ׷Ҷȵˣ׷ѹʹʹ࣬ϿͻȻֶʮӰ
ֻҶһ£ϷٶǿľˣԼū
ɱɱɱ
Ȼڲʹ಻ѣǻҪһ߶ʹ࣬ҶȾˣðɣʱк

Ҳûа취ʹ࣬׷׳ȥֻɱڵƣͬܵİܾսԡ
ûвٸ߽λĺҶȲмЦЦҲˣʮ˷ħģ߶ʮ˼ʥ񷨱Ӱһ
ʱ䣬ǰӰ־ںϣҲֻֻܷаķݣϾ̫ʹ࣬ԽԽҡ
ﵽʮĸ߽λŴʹ࣬߶˵ΪһƬˮˣγɽ֮ƣϷϯȥ
ֲ̫ⳡĩƵġ
Щ֣Ҷ֣ԶԿҶ̿ū͸âū
Ѫҵ֣ҵ壡
ūͻȻ˵Ѫ
ЧˣԴΪףϵĹһ֮ڣҶȵشϧ˻վգͿʼֻкòͣ¹ʹʼ
һЩ߲һѪ죬ǿס͡䡢۾ʼѪͬ˾綾ࡣ
йʱΪӰҶȵ˳ֻ֣ҪūһˣͻȥеĹڣкѹǹƻɽ˺
ɱ
вҶ
ץסᣬҶþٴչΪ֪Եūڵʵһӣ޷߶ôնɱֻĥشЩ

ʮ˷ħӳһ޻˫֣ץ
ܷ
ҶҲʼʩչͨǷʵһĴֳܷ޽ʱɱȥȻ߶ײһ׿ܡ
ÿһ׿ܣʵﵽλ񣬴ʮһͬɱ֮УҶΪֻһӣô࣬ʵﵽλĽ׿ܣҪϲ׿ܣԵ֮ࡣ
һ£ѾȫƫҶһ޷ֻֻܷаװװķݡ

ҶȴӸ߿գһ۾סǾŽλ񣬴߶ǿȻѹٶȣҲܣ֮죬Ͱ⡣
׼ᣬҶƾʧ
ͣ
ѹΧʼֿסĴͻȻǰ˫ͫһһʶһ࣬޷㿪ұۣһǳǳ˺ۡ
ǾŽλȫʵȻֻܰ˵ôһ㣡ҶȴӺ󷽳ֳ֣޽
ƾСҲܶԿ
ûϻȻϻʱ״̬飬һƳҶȣɱٴӶƺҲѹ˷ʱ䣬Ҫץסʱ䣬ȰҶȽɱˡ
ȻһжԻ⡣
뷨Ҷô͸ΨһӦ԰취Ҷ뵽ˡ
ͻͻ
һ
Χˮ̻Ϊ˻Ҷϯȥ
㱻סʵȻǾŽλ񣬶ͨҲﵽ˾Žλĸ߶ȡ
ȫҶȵʵ
֮ߡ
ٶȣռ䣬Ҷ볬ԽԼǿ֣ʱ
ͬڹͥǱȥشٶȣԼռͨ٣ʵԽĴսͬġ
˻ǵض˫ͫΪһУͿ԰ҶնɱϾҶȽֵģҲ֪ҶȵٶȣС
˽룬ҶȲܶ㿪ֲںˮల£ΪһͷųƿΧˮΪƿصڵһУҪܵʵĻ


1955 ׽
Х
˻γɾˣϯҶڵˮ
ȻΪһƬ׵ˮ磬һݣ߿գˮ𽥰治κʬ壬Լʡ
ˣĺȵΧԼǰˮռ䣬Ȼ޴Ƶġ
˵ʬ壬һϢûУԴĸӦͨѾȷҶһֲ֮ͨ¡
ͣ
ɾ΢΢ǣ¶һЦʱ
һ޽󷽣һ̳һûзӦĺ󱳣ļ֮Уָ
ɶ񣡡
æǰһŻͷһҶúúõģֳ޽֮ϣѪڵΡ
ܣܣôûϢ⵽ô£
벻ͨ벻ףȷһ㣬ղ˿ֲĹҶȺӰ죬ƺһͷû˵
޽
ȻӴ˫ͫ۵⡣

ǰˮ˲һǿ磬ϯкˮ˲ΪѪĺ硣
ҶڵĿռˮҲ˲仯Ϊ㣬ǧףΧһЩҲСıһغᶼûС
Ǹ߲ȴ˲䣬ڴľ¡
䣡
һȭڱ֮ϣ㣬һ޴ϣͻȻը㻯ΪΧˮʱӿС
ûãҶȴһֳǷƵ֪ͼ֮󣬾ͻŸָϹҿԸᣬͶңԸһ·
ʲôɫɱңһ·
ֱǿЦӵʥʵһһˮߣҶֻһߣʲô
ⲻһЦ
ߣ
ҶȲмһߣһƣ߶ˮ򣬻ΪһƬݵѹѹ¡
ˮ
ʱҶȲˣڴͼ֮ǰնɱһжǰںˮ֮УһΣ߶ˮ
ͣ
ˮٵһӴŴ̴
һ𣬶ʱһѪȻΧγɼ̵ı㣬ϳ𺳡
˰ɣĸӦ˵ûЧ֮ǰҾǹһ㣬Ӧҵ֮У
ķҲûô
Ҷٴδһ߶ˮ
꣡
ͣ
ˮ޼᲻ݣǴ̴Χ㣬ȻŴһѪ

ζըˣٷ㣬һҶץ
ٶԼͨܳߡ
츳ͨףҲ츳ͨһ죬츳ͨ
ƵģΧˮռ䣬䲻ҶټͷŻΧˮڻ𡢻𶯵֮С
ͣ
ͻأ䣬ˮâüĴ̳Ȼ󴩹š
ѪˮһؿΧռ䣬ƺʧȥ˸֪ڴʱһ⣬ͻȻסС
о˵츳̫ͨϧűãЭҵƽˮɣ
Ҷó񵤣ͯϣΪ˷֮С
ɲôףһҪͯϳ֣ʼһϢĴ
һȥͯϾʹϢˣͷдһ˿Ϣڷ񵤣׳ūڣҲף
ҶȲ㣬ͯϵʵһССʲôκʥҲĶ֡
̷ϸ߿գΧ󲿷ֺնɱʣͷΪﵽλ߽λǿԿˡ
Ȱкʬ壬׷ռȻ߶ˮһӡ
ͣ
ͷǿĺգ۾ͱˮնɱ⣬ʣͷѾ˵ûĥǣĻ˰װװ
ಣ
ͷʼӴܡ
ͣ
ҶȲǻᣬ߶ߣ֮ϣϢΧ߶ˮһͷͷɵնɱ
κλŵĺѼͷǿʬߣԼĴܷмδĽ׿ܡ
뵶ūҲ׷׽ٶɱʹ죬һ޷ĺջЯֺ£кնɱһⷽˮĴҲܡ
ͼӦѸܵԼЩϢʧ뿪һļԴͼûã
һȻ߶龻֣еϢɣŪøɸɾȻˡūʧ⴦ˮ֮С
ʮϢ֮󣬹ȻҶϣӴͼһհĺӰоһͷޱȾ޴ĺˮƶ
һٶͷǿĺһڼ׵ĴͼƺƵɽ
˴ͼΧЩʮͷǸ߽λԼ߽λ߲ˮ֮УԿ֮κߡ
ǴﵽʥΪĴͼʵ֪߳ٱˮ򣬼ǰһƬ棬Ѫȣ·µʲôɲǼ䣬ΧˮͻȻþֹﵽϡ
⾲ֹˮǴͼƿطΧҶⷶΧ֮УҲƶǴ߶ԼΪУ޷ƶ

ɾֹˮŴͼϿϿȷ棬һֱȥͨƿأѸӦκϢ
ɫĮɱŭ
Ƥӵ£ǿĸ֣ԼڶǿߣȻһ
ͼͫ͸侲Ŀ⣬ΧֹˮʧΪƬˮû˿֡
˺ԼϢ
˭Ҫ뱾ԣ
һֱ벻ףʼϿ£һŲ顣
ͼ벻ף̫󣬲ãЩżȻܰԼڶ֣ʱնɱһˣһġӲЩһҪõҵ̵ߣвٿһУ
Ҵͼĵ̣ᱻһһ
ͼ˫üһᣬǵâ
ȥԴԤʱ͵ϮԸ⣬Ķ
ۼһЩ߽λǿߣͼʼһж
֧
˳Ҷó񵤡ˡūں֮Уָĵ
ڸߴˮռ䣬ʩչ
Ȳùĥһĥ桭
οǴȫʤնɱǿ׽õʮʬ壬Ǹ߲Լ㹻
򣬻һ߾ߺʬ塣
ÿһϣɳһöö䣬ԼһЩйϵı
ȱ˵ʬ̺Щ䣬ҲΪҶȴľ˲Ƹ
Ҫһӣʮö䣬ȫף̴д䣬֮Уͨ壬󷨡
̫ҵ
߶һʮɸߵĲ¯ѴУ߶𣬿ʼžʹǧͼ
¯֮УһʮѡıԴʮȥԴԴͬʱ֮һǧͼƷʣλ߲߶ȡ
ŲԴǧͼǰбԴգ⡣
žžͣ
һˣʮöĲ¯ڲϴʧ䣬ǰͨڷȼ£Ʋϻ⡣
һ޷ģôഢ䣬̺ٵĲƸ


1956 ƴΪ
һö䣬Ȼװž˵ĲƸ
Ĵ䣡
ҶȻûǴ÷֪ͯϣܿ죬ͯϾ͵õĴ䣬ͨͨ壬̳Ҷȵǰ
öƣҲǿģʥĨơ
ʮոĨƵĴڲ
еʼع飬ݣҶϲ
ʮö䣬̺ʯﵽİٶڣ٣ؼҲкܾ˵ʯԼ㣬ͬҲǶֶ
бһ𣬹ŴԼڵ֮߰䡣
߰ʯĲƸ̫ˣЩǿߣ֮гռ౦һǲ
߰ʯٵıԴȵȣ⡣
һЩƷʻؼ̫࣬Ҷ޷һȥ鿴ݣڸ౦ʯûʱȥϸϸࡣ
ʣ´ҶȻҪѰұԴģԼ̺ϢǿƵҩı
ˡ
ʱĴ䣬Ҳ⿪ˡ
֮Уõ˾˵߰ڲƸΪЩͷͷıж٣
ż飬봢硣
ȼʯҶһƬһƬƷƷʯУƷʯ࣬ռ˴롣
߶ʼ౦
ҶȵԪ棬Ҫڶʱ䣬֮ıɸţһ£һĸ߲񣬾ҪѴ䱦ಢҲʮϡ
֮ǿԪʼںϣҶϲüҵ̾Ƭˮڶı̫ˣʯѴﵽڣǧмʥƷʣԼ飬Ĳ񷨱ʯ̫ˣ޷ؼ뵤ҩв٣Ҳ
ʯбֵܼ´ﵽ¡
̿ˮǸһŽλ񣬾˾˵ĲƸôʥĴڣͼжٵĲƸ
οͼһƬˮͳߣ
ӵôƸں֮УҲټʥҪӵо˵츳ͨȻõͼӣõĺôҲ٣
кĲƸһѾǧڣǰӺռıͳͳѴﵽǧڡ
ʮ򡢰ǧһڡʮڡڡֳǧڲƸ
̫˼飬ҶԼ벻һٶ̶ʱ䣬˾˵ĲƸѾʥ񣬴ﵽ߶ȣҲֻ񣬲ӵ˾˵ĲƸ
ֻ磬֮У˵ͼ֣ͽλʥӵеĲƸҲǧ֮ࡣ
֮֮ãҶջʵҲջ˲Ƹ
䣬Ψһõĵľʱ䡣
Ҷȱһдһ飬ʯͬһö䣬Ҳ׷׹࣬Ŀǰ޷ȥһһؼһ˼Ź֮УѰұԴ

һṦҶȾջ麮Ҷ֣ץӦһ麮磬еˮϵԴȻﲻ޾ЩԴ߼Ҳ㲻
Ӵ֮УѰұͬʱҲǧʺıټ̺
ҶȰ麮ԼٵͳͳһԣЩǵһҪģҪˡūںϡ
ˡ
һʱ䣬춯ҲһһܶȥʮԴ˳ȻˮϵԴ࣬Ȼϵϵľϵϵûм
һʮƷʶͨ麮һһַԴβбԴǴԴϢı
һõʮһԴбռһ룬ЩȻҪӤںϣʣµģҪƽָˡūںϡ
ʱȥܣˡūʺϵԼӲȱŽʹá
һжˣҶȰѸոյõʮбԴԴ֮УӤΧ֮ǰЩ߼ԴһͬȻʮһԴԼټ̺һͬ¯֮Уʼ
Щͳͳ֮󣬻ΪһſţıԴӡ
źһУ뿪䣬ͨ»ع䣬һ񵤣ͬʱעǧͼԼԴ
ಣ
һͯ϶ʱһӰһ֮УƯҶǰǱӡĴ
һģõһָʱв
û뵽Ҵϡ
̧ͷһҶȣ𣬵׷ɱҶȣҶѹЩͽһĻĻʱ벻Ҳ޷ţգʧ߲ҶϣȴһǿĴڡ
ʱ飬Ȼ
Ҷֳ̫棬Ȼ˲䶴Ϥ飺ԼδҶ޷ƿأǰ޷ģЩͱѹأ֮£˲Ϣ䣬ѳΪҵĽ
Ҫɱɱɱôಿ£ͱѹֱҶһ侮ʯȻ֪Լˡ
ո˵꣬ǴȻͻȻΧɫĺˮ磿ֲñһֱҲϢԭǲں磡
Ҷ֮ԱǵЦԼ֮˵̣֮ûĻ㿹⣿ڱƿأѹżȻ˰ɣ
ҳϣȷҴĵһòǹɱԹǿҡ
֮ûɱ㡭
ΪϣõĶ
֪Ҷȸո˵ڣͼؽӵ
ҶһЦĬϵȻǺ֮УټĴڣӦ÷ˣҲǺ
Ǻ֪һ𾪣仯֮󣬲侲ͻɹû뵽࣬ףΪҪҺһδɱ֣
ǶģǰҲףΪҶӲ˽⣬Ǻһ֪⣬ǺζԴģͲҶѿ˰ɣԣƾһ㣬Ҿɣɱ㣬ɱ֮Իţȷϣһֵҿ㲻ӴԺΪ
Ϊ࣬Ϊѣ
ֻϵΪãһ̶ȣҾ͸ɣ
࣬Ǻ壬֮࣬ҲҺΪѰɣܸɴͻشѡ
Ǿû취ˡ
ҶȻػӶұۣʱһɾס˫ͫ۵Ԫ֮⡣
ಡ
ԪâʱĴԡ
ʵԼΪã绢ͼվͻᱻնɱǡ˲ʶôѡҾͰΪܣһܣȻԸ⣬࣬ԸƫƫΪһһߣɱӺĹߣ
ЦҶǿԪ־£һֱ֮ǰܵˣֱͯϽٷҶȵԪ
ʼ׼࣬һ壬Զ໯ΪѣŮˣԶǵܹߣ࣬ԽԽ࣬ΪǺūֱ磬ǺΪڣ


1957 λ߲
ҶȲȻŭǺһԸˣ̸ʲôǺ緢𣬵ȡ࡭
Цˣţģۼ֤ĳ٣Ҫ㣬࣬ٲٲ
ٲҲڵľ棬龻֣
һǿϧˡ
ΪãôУõһʱԣ͵Ϯͼࡣ
ڣֻΪܣΪһߣҶڵͨ޷ѴһеֻܱʵԼͨ
Ҳ˵ǣ츳ͨŴ־ʧʧ
㣬ûмֵʱһѪ⣬ʵһУһӵĹʵɾң
߶龻֣ڴԺγһ޴֡
ϢתţԪһ㱻ʳĨҲˣ˫ͻȻţʵʵվŲ
Ҷȸ߲ΪҪһŽλΪܣ򵥣ؼҪʱ䣬ԸɴѴ䣬
Ȼһץʮߺʬ壬Ư˳ѹѹһƬܵˮƣҶȶЩƿء
һͬ䣬ͨѾ̫ҵһ޴Ĳ¯Ҫͬʱʮͷʬ壬һͬӡ
δȫʤвģ޷շ
ƽ˼ӴԺҪԸͼͲˣԺ󻹵ʵնɱʱ䣬ȡõõıԴԴԼʬ磬ڱҪģͻƶλλ߲񡭡
һۣͼˮ򣬱ȻǲľԱҶռˣΨٴʵū˵ʵҪһȻͼ⡣
Ҫһڣʱڣպʵõһʱ
Ѵﵽ˶λʱصƵͨںϣҵطλǵõһȣȺʬ嶼ΪӣԼЩԼԴɹ֮󣬸뵶ūҽλڼ䣬Ҳһͬ
ԭҶǸ뿪֧عƵͨںϣʼλ߲
뵽뵶ūڼ䣬ΪԾʱһȵбɹ֮뿪
Ŷ
һ¹ȥ֮Уλ۷ҶȣȻ˫ۣȻһһ⣬˳
ľһûκα飬ΪѱҶȵĴͨΪһû˼άֻĿܣԺݺ֮УҶ£һԴʵһλʥԿ⣬κ֡
Ѵ봢䣬ʵʵš
һȥ֮
ҶȴӾ֮߳Ưںˮ֮Уͬʱ뵶ūҲΧ
ಡ
һһſźɵӣٿţͳͳˣȻһʮ̺ϢıԴһ֣ھ䣬ʱ֮ǰӺõıԴͳͳɹ
ȻÿһţԼԴӣ㹻ʱ䣬һΡ
źһУҶȱӶȥ
ãͻصƵϢͨںϡ
ʱ䣬ΪӳԱϴɻЩ꣬ҲִֻһЩѲҶʱ٣ҲˬӦֻǶҶȣҶȾϻƺ֮һҪ
뿪ƵҶֱӴ߶ǧͼʱʯǣڸҵһɽʼʩչ󷨡
һ׼֮Ҷ֮Уͨ壬ںﵽƽ⡣
Լһ깦ͨѴƽ״̬ﵽ۷壬ӡȫԪȵӿս𵤡
ԴԱߣܿһаԪ
Ԫ󲻶׳ԪԽԽ٣֮УҶҲʼ׼Žɹ֮ʱա
ԪܿͿյģӡϷȼգԪ󲻶ϾԽԽС
ǿԪƿȫֱ֣ΪһɴСʱҶȵ˫һ˫һϣԪ⣬ӡͷŹâ͵ת֮ԪӡһΪһ߶
ΪһţӲӵԴ
Դɹ
λ߲ڳɹˣ
ɹԴţʱ˿̣ҶȴӶλλԴʼںϣʱʼϤ飬ֹ첻
һͨ飬ù
׼øĵȴţͬʱʹ࣬Լ֮ŽҶ֮ǰ׼õĸǵӡ֮Լ񵤣ζһ֮ǰıԴӡ
ͳͳںϣִ߶ԴѪԼȼգҪʮٵ
ϸٶһ˵
ͬʱҲ׼һɣҪ䣬ȫʵ
Լһʱ䣬ɣɣ֮ǰ̷ĸԪҲﵽһ̶ȣò¯תĴܷھΧ䡣
̫ҵ֮УȻǴ̫ʼһͨʼ
ͻλ߲񣬸ûԵı仯ȻĪ⣬ֻ֮ҶģΪ޵ˣҲֻɽ߶ȣڣ֮һ֮УҲڲϵߵĳ̶ǰ
ͨûб仯ǼʵһЩߣߣĸңԶֻ߸ӦѭԼںϣ·γһֻ֣أֲֻͬصϢ
ָоһţץסץס
ֻԵģʣû̫Եı仯ҲҶȵвΣкܴϵ
ΪߵĹϵҶȻǵһʱ䣬ĵڵı仯
߻ûӰֻϸ΢ı仯ֻϢӰȻģӰӵʵ
һںϸӴԪ
ԪһƬƵģޱߣ˸е治ѣȰƴһЩƬֻƬȻڲռ˿㣬ĴԪ״ﵽ˺εȵĸ߶ȣ
ӹɣǾ䣬ҲﲻԪĸ߶ȣڵһĪҶҲǿڴģٴԪƬֱɢĲͬʱ֮С
ԪҶȻʱǴǧͼ
Ʒʴﵽ߲λĴǧͼҶȱǧͼҪģϢϢأǴԪ˵ףֻһֻ֮ǧͼͬ
ǧͼκҶȶܵͬĴۣҶҲ˵ڴǧͼƱػΪĳ
ʱ䣬ھһ֮ȫλ߲߶ȣҶ뿪˾䡣
ˡ
ȻУող¯ĸȻ䣬һ˶
δóҶȾ¶˾ϲЦݣ߶֮һֿϴں֮ģûʥأʱز磬㣬ǶԱˣҲúúþһۣ
ԭǳħֲҶϲ
ʵҲﵽĸ߶ȣ磬ĴߣԶŵ壬ʵһ壬Ƕһ޶ģ
뵽ħ磬ҶȾüЦ


1958 ׷ɱ
˵˽⣬ʵֲ١
츳ǱǣʵȻҲǿġ
ʱҪں֮ġ
ͨҶȰԼ뷨ݶȥ
Ѿ󡢲¯ɸɾĴܷҲص֮Уͨᵽλ߲߶ȡ
߶ǧͼ£ʹ½أع鵽֮ġ
Ƶ
صҶȿʼУȻ걨׼֮ͨʣȴΪ֪һͷ
ΪһйϤİˡ
ˣ
֮ˮ˷ĺ
ˣȻйء
ɵãԺ֮иֵ꼸ĳ̵ģǺ˹ϣֵһĻ
ҲΪһ㣬ҶȾϸڣҲ֪Ƶ֮䷢ʲô
֮󣬱õٻߴĹ
֮ڣʮλʿǵӵĳԱһǸ߲䲻ʥ񣬿ɶˮɫ
֮ϣʾʧϵĸˣĿǺˣ
磬˿Ǻ֮һۣʵ뵺£˵䲻ģôĶ֣
ǰӳ񣬿ɲǿЦģ˶Կʵֱ
û˵ȥ˵ϸڣǰһ߸֣һĲʡ鲻Ըģ
˭úʵ̫ˣĸ£ѾƵƽվͬһ߶ȵߡ
˵ӣʮ֧Сһͬ˿⡣
ϷδΪ˵ǣһŭɫҵĵģҺףǺǿҲɵڲˣ
ʲôԭ·˶ʱֱ˶䡣
Ҷ֪Щ꣬һֱҺ֮İ˷ΪУڷǵзѵߣΣƵʣǵĵˣǰã֪ΪΣˮìܣ໥ɱˮһȫʤ˶ӣ֪ȥһŶռıڲͬˮӴܣһˣѳƵΧˮ򣬵˼һ棬ѰҺ䣬һ˺˵Ĳ
ԭˡ˻Ȼ
ˮɱ
ĩˣҶϸ֮д󾪣ˮʲôǿйϵǿߣ˵ˣǺ߹Ȼõıӻأ
ֻһķ棬ǼˮĶ֡
ĪˮǺ֮˷ӣƺԺвһޣпܣΪˮһϵȻΪᱦ
һʱ䣬뷨Ҷг֣ʱƾź˸ɱˮԿһҪ
ˮĸޣɱʹ죬ҶͬӪ˺ˣǶԸˮԼԸһá
ȣһҪȣ
ֵ߽⣬ǵնɱûᣬҵͬ⣬µǿߣɱˣǵıǣҿҪӿŲм·СӣҲִ񣡡
̫ˣ
Ȼ˶Ҫģ˵ֱף˶ĸԸ
׼һ£Ժ
֣
뿪ֻ֮һ뿪󲿷ȴʱʱҲ໥һģԼһʱ֮һʮˣڷƵ
ããˮ򣬰֮ƵؽԵһ£ʮ˷Ϊ֧Сӣͬˮ
ҶСӣպֱӴ죬꣬һƬʯȺ˸飬ߵ죬ҲһϸѲ顣
󣬼Ƶڲˮѵøɸɾûзֺ˵ڼ·ʿҲһһ̲顣
еˣֱвЩʿ˵ǻǺ˵Ĳе˻òٺôʱʱչβٵı
ЩҲˣһָꡣ
ΪһʥȻ߰زƸ٣¶١
ˡ
ȥһ£һƵΧˮѰңȻ䣬һٷԶˮ˹
һץʱһʮ¸֣ߣ
ʮһӣƺһõô꣬ٷˮ
ʱ֮˾һˮ߿գΧҲСӵͨ˽⣬˵ĸ֣ѾΧƬ֮С
Ӧ
Ϊʥ֣ʱֳԽڳи߲ͨ˫ۣ˫һ֣һ⣬͸ȥ
֪ڲڣ
ڸӦ磬ҶҲͷŸӦҪӦ˵ڣˣŲġ
Ӧޱߵ͸߿գԼ֮󣬾ŵϢڸӦΧ֮УԼʮԶʮּ٣ڻ֮УȻǺµǿߡ
Ӧδ޵ʥϢ˲
ֹͣӦ֮󣬴ԼֹʮҲӦˣͬʱٷΧһоˣǰпܾǺ˵ǿߣڲǲǣɴɱҲܷŹ
ǣ
ֱ꣬ӷ롣
Ӧûţˣƽܲ˴ģѰҺˡ
Ҷ浣ĺˣ뺣֮У³·һһûкôǾ޴ʧ˺ԸˮԼ֮ĵǿߡ
ʱ֧Сͳͳ˷ΧγɰΧȦһ£ʮͬʱɱ֮С
䣡
ڲ󷨡
һ˴߶󷨣ôը类忪һӣһʱܾʿ֮У˵Χɱȥ
Ϊʥ֣궼мֶ֣һһṦ򣬾˾ͱɱһ룬ѡͶѺǰ
ĮȻʵӦ֪˭Ҫ˵ģֻ˵һ飬شˣл·ش𣬵ɱ˶ںδ
˻һʿһһŵɫң˴˶һۣһսսĻش˵ˣܷŹǣ
׵˵㻰
̿ˮԥһֲ̣ʵʵش𣺡ϴ󣬲Ǹȥͷϣ
ͷ껺üȻһչüͷ
ͣ
ͻȻһѽ齫ͷ­ն¡
˵ŹǣҲŹǣ
͸ЦĶթܾ£һٷſʼʬϣѹһ
һи߸ƽܣǰϵͷ
Χ֮УҶˣξ䣬УѾð亹Ϸ·һѱ
úټȻƽһʱѺ䣬֪ƽܣҲֻƽǵȸ֣ܽնɱ
ֶ룬ϵͷһ˶пܵƵְΧƽϡ
ͷ
Ѱһᣬ׼ͨ壬Ȼ߶ǧͼͷԺҲð֮ĵͼܿҵͷڡ
ֵǣϵı٣ÿ˿Էֵٺö
꿪ʼڣõı
ץסᣬעȫ뱦ϣҶȴ߶ͨȻԦǧͼУͨƯڸ߿ա


1959 º
ʱ˿̣Ҷȴ߶ǧͼٸͷգۼ䣬ԽһƬһƬˮ
ͷλں֮֮⣬ˮһƬˮ֮Уɴʯγɣһͷ㣬ͻȻˮðͷŵͷ֡
ʱȥҶȴʷǰˮƽ棬Ȼһͷ·Ҫˮľ޴ͷſ죬¶Ѫȡ
ֻûҶüˣȻ䣬ͷϿգִ׹⣬ꡢһͷ
ƽܣ
ϵ֮ͨģҲֻƵĵϢʮޣʥǿߡ
Ҷ벻ƽ֮죬һͷϤˮʵǿֲϵ
Ҫһ㣬ȻһҪնɱ˺ˡ
ȻȥͷѾ׹Χ׹֮ͷ֮УǿĻƣ˲ǰһ
ҶȺɣ߶ǧͼϢϿͷ
ſռ䣬֮У֮УǿϢоڣһëҪ
ƽܻô֡
ϢͷϿգ·ƯʮˣʩչϵͨƽܣһȺˣҲƵǿߣҶȶδЩˡ
һͷ·ڽΪ棬һЩڵʬ壬ɢڷ֮УЩ˿²Ǻ˵£ӦһЩˮѰߣߣͷϢ˭֪˺ͳͳƽ֮ͨ¡
ﵽλʥ񣬳֮ȻǾ춯أκ񡢸߲񶼲ܻǵͽλʥҲˡ
ͷ룬һźƲ϶ԿһϢɢϡɼһµĺˣɢų߶һһԿ
ȻȫƽܵĶ֣ƽȻ׽Ŀǰɱ˺ˡ
Ҷȵˮ֮УͷΧպһ֧
ǱˮУͷ·һƬǳˮͻأĵɽͷˮ棬׹˸ŶĿ֮⡣
·ҶȿʼƴȴᣬƽܵͨͷȥȻ߽ܵλʥƽͨʧԳ䲻ߺˡ
ͨߣֺ˺ԽԽңȻ޷ֶá
㣬һʹʼʧ
ƽܿЦմˣô꣬һֱ뱾ȥջҪڱУ

˵꣬˾ͷ
ಣ
䣡
ҶͻȻһȭʯȻڽʯ棬һӣһµĺˣĵصɴ˫ۡ
ۼƽܵ˿ҪڶԷϣܡ
ͻȻըһϤףӦԷק·һûĺˮ硣
ô£
ƽܱף벻Ƥ£ʧѾӦ˰г֣˺ˡ
𣡡
һƣݺͷһץ
¡
߽ʥȻȻ䣬ͷץ÷飬ﵽ֮Ľʯ죬ȴףƽ¡
߽λʥ񣬵ȷǿֲ˹
ͷ֮ƽܴһڸֻ֣·ŻǵӸɵۣǿҲ޷ӣƽ֪˴֮ߣҲóȻӡ
ǽ֮УҶҪնɱˡ
ˮ磬ĿռУһУҶƯţ̧ͷŴʯˮ£ƽģ˶мֵ⡣
ֱƽܴڶ֣㬶ȥ
˻޷֮ǰƽܣΣ֮Уˮ磬ΨһоʵģҶϤģҶȣ벻Һѣͷ֮ʣȻң
˶вʱˣȻҪ־㣬ƽˣĳЩ棬Ҳҵĵˣ˵Щˣʲô㣡Ҷȹʵ
䲻ɱټҼˮ𣡡
֮㻹ܻصȥ𣿡
ͷӭҶóһˮƽܣԼˮں֮ģĴѰ㣬֮㻹ܻȥ𣿡
һҪģ
Ȼֻ侲һ㣬ƣ֮֮أֻһط֪Ҳ޷Ը㣡
˼Ҵ磿ĪЦˣֹطܴã
˲ܣҿԣҲӣںʱˮ磬ƣһ㣡
У
˹ϴӦˡ

⣬𽥽ˮ磬֮У˴𺳣ԽԽ޷ݡ
ҶȾȻԣ磬ݺᣬԦˮ·һͷࡣ
ô˴ڣ
ҶȲûУΪԦˮһƣԭ磬Ԧһкˮ˵ס
Ǵﵽʥ񾳽۷壬ҲҶ̶ֳȣһʱ䣬ҶȵԽĺ棬һͬԸչֵľʵȻԾС񼸺޷е顣
һֱҶǰĺ֧У
֮ǰӭɫĺ磬ҶȽһȻ߶ͨ׵شˮ֮УԽĿֲ
뺣磬飬һڰ磬˴ѹ֣ȷģȴйâ㿴һ߹
һƶ
ɽʱ˶ʱˮɽ֮ϵķΪȻ
Ҷȵͷ֮һԣ̴߶ӡһ֮ͨγһǧ״ľ
Ȼź˽󣬶ҲҪҶȱΪڲ½ϵĿռһûкˮѹȣɺΨһһ㣬ٵĿ
ģ
޷סʳһֱ֪Ĵ𰸡
ݺᣬںˮ罨˾ʹ࣬ںУֱͨǴ˵֮У컯ӵе컯
һͿں㣬ҶֱⷬͨǶ컯֮ܣǸ߽λʥȻеĲ
ǰõһйϵ
ҶҲֻԷȥܲú֪Ĺ֮ɣ
ȻͣһǷҶ񼣣˵ʥ񣬾ҲЩ֮УߵĴڣҲ
˵֮еǿġ
һЩ񵤣Լ̺ıȺúûָƣͲõκ⣬ƽܡˮﶼ
Ҷóٱú£ǿ̬ȣһŻ뿪˾
Ϸ˳Ĭ˺һ󣬲ȻɸֱؿʼС
ˮƽЩһߣͳһһǻеıȻǲĵĵףٴһ֪
ӵ˿ʼҶȾ;úˣһѰǿȻ֤ƶϣ⺣֮ģһĵߣӵ֪
۲һȷ˲Ҫ֮󣬱һˮ򣬼ˡūڰ֮Уһжƽ
黹δᣬҪ֪ƽܵĶûץˣȻա


1960 ÿ˶һȥ
̴߶ǧͼعˮ档
Ƶ֮ͨҲ꣬ڲ֮ǰع顣
ͨں֮󣬵Ĺ˾ۻᡣ
߶βμĻߣÿ˶õǧʯԼ౦ʯвջ
ۻῪʼ֮ʹȻ˾ãﲻʱʱΣˮ
ͻȻڵ֮ɫλֵܣղŵҲˣͷϣʮа˾ţΰһˣǱǺˣ
˲𣿡
˳ž⣬֮Ĳ࣬ƺһˣʵ
ǰ׻˵ĺãձ󣬺ں֮ݺ꣬ôҲеѹ׵ֶΣҲ֮УҲԤ֮⣬ԺеæˣǲŹΣնɱõĻᣡ
ٱ˵˿ʼںȾơ
֮УҶ˸ţۻҲƽһͼȻŹˣɳʮ֧СӣˮѰҺ䡣
һϢҶȾ˷֮£ͨ壬뿪Ƶ
ܿͻص硣
һʱ鿴˻ָʥҲӵо˵ֶΣʱ䣬ƾͻָһЩ֮ǰ״̬öˣȫԪǴڿ״̬˭Ǻ磬ȱ
ٶȥҲʮڣָ߰˰˵ĳ̶ȡ
ҶȼϷˮ֮Уþǰòͻλ߲񣬱Ԫͺܿ飬һֱδУʱ䣬ҲҪúУһʵҪע档
ӵĴͼԼƵƽܣˮ
ʱţҶڵԪѴﵽλ߲״̬һЩӣԼӡ֮ΪҪǱԴ
ζԸõıԴͳͳΪ֮ǰˣյıԴԴӾ޾õıԴʣ߼߼ԴÿһҪʱ䡣
ЩԴȫǾ޷
ˡ
ȥһж֮У֪ȹȻ䣬Ӵڣһ֮
ӷ
鿴ʱ¶⣬ӷݶƻҪӺ֮Ļع׷뿪֮ǰһۡ
ֹͣУȻӷҶȻҪȥһˡ
ˮ֮󣬴߶ӷϵ˼죬Ҷٽ֮ĵˮȻӺ֮ķ򣬷ʮˣһ۾ͼǰӷΪʥǿߣȻԵ緢
Ҷ֣
ӷƻܷҸ֣ʱڸ߿յȴһҶȣӷ¶Цݡ
ȭ֮ҶʵӣҪȥ
Ĳ࣬Ҳûȥˣ뿪֮ǰרҶģ´Ҫܳһʱ䣬ˣõԴ㿴
ӷһ͸ǿұԴϢıƯ
һϵһȼգһһ֮ٵľϵԴһѩ׵񻨣ǴıԴ
Ҷ¶ϲЦݣģ֪ЩҪʯ
´ʱҶһɣ
ӷ󷽰Ҷȣֵ֮ģǶԺ֮ľ棬˽һں֮쳣յʱڣߣ̲ԷΪ˿ɵ¿Щʱʱ̶̿Ҷ֣ΣջҪСģ
лӹģ¶ԣԽΣյĵطԽʵ֮һѵ֮أ
в뷨ҶģҲûм뵽ָģҲһˣ
ӷӳޣЦ֪ˮΣ֮أЩʥصӣ̤룬˵УҲֻгΪʥ񣬲ˮ֮ߣЩ̫ϵӣˮأҶǼʥأػʥ֮УΪҫۡܳĹ⻷ӣ
ɢޣʥĸʵϣҶǫ˵
˾⳩̸һʱ֮ӷƻܣҸָǶȥ
ӷ˼ʵгǸ˻һЩƵĵط˵ؽĿ⣬ԶԶҪ˻ӡ
ĿȥҶȶӷҲµʶϧǶһ˽⣬һ˽һ¡
ص֧ҶȼУոϱԴλ߲Բ߶ȡ
Ǽȥ

·Ȼ֮
ҶһʩչһͨһϢָֻʥޣȻǻָһ̶ȡ
ϲ
֮Уǰ
ֹͣУϳֲЦݣһݵޣлҶֵܣðȣҺˣ²ƽϣǱĥò
ҶȲΪȻĵ˵⻰ͼˣ֮ǰҰ˽ƽܵĶȻɳ֣ˮѰ㣬żˮҲ㣡
ʢŭȵˮɱģҲʵҪǳĹε
ˮΪζɱ
ԭܶ࣬ô꣬һֱˮԣĴץʿūҾƻĺ£ҲǣɱĵߣΪҳ֣ȳϰٵŮӣ棬֪˹ƶˣ¸ֶ࣬ջǹѲڡ
ԭȵĺãҲ᲻ǼˮʲôȣҲóˮ磬ݺᣬʱ䣬ں磬ʶͬĲҾɱ˼ˮʵǰΣںˮ磬ɱ˼ˮü
ɱĺãɱĺá
˶Ȼ䣬ɱڣͫԹޣⲻǵޣҲҪɱˮҲҪɱˮɱˣһҲĿԺҺԸˮ
û⣡
ȵľ仰ҶԽˮ֮䣬ƺʲôΪ֪ܣʵó㷢ģҪˮĪУʲôԭ򣿡

Ȼ·⣬к˵Ҫ͸ɱͫ⣬𽥵ذ䲻ƳһҶȣҵķϣҿԸ㣬ʵˡҵȥңѾˣ֮УˮʱһСģץס
û˵
ԭ㡭
Ҷ͵һ벻˾ȻУΪū
ʱ˿̣ףΪκ˿ɵںˮ磬ɱˮ⣬ΪҲһū
磬ܾ裬ҹҹԾ˽Һ޺ҺǣĿһΣڵĺһˮХˮХ֮ҽһصˮ棬һҾͷģⱲӶҪˮ֮Уһգ뿪ˮ򣡡


1961 
Ǻοࣿ
Ҷȸоⷬһ˻ߵķŭȰˮ֮񶼲֪жûоͷжٵĺʲôʱһգ
֮ǰ˵ʶͬں磬Ϊūĳ𣿡
ٿȻת˫ͫشһҶܸдĻӦ˽⣬ʲô

ȷȻ˹ȥΪūľȻЩŮūһģһ
˼ĵܻţұ𣬲ΪԼбŪնɱͬҺѷģⱲӣҶˮ򣬼һͷҾɱһͷһ˫ɱһ˫ڼˮжɱ٣ɱˣһտԣӴԺҾͺɱԸˮһ벻ɱʹ죬ӷ粨ȥٻصˮ潨Ҳ٣
Ҳд˴㣬ǴˮҲǰ취ˮԴȱܲǳ֮ƣ
УЩʱȥһ˺ͼĵ̣
ͼǿֵµǿߣһˮߣˮ񣬺֮ǿߣҲһֻ۱һֻۣǶԸʥ񼶱ĺˮ棬ҿԽնɱˮ磬ȫ֣
һｵһҶȣע·һǲֱӶԸͼǴƵĵ̿ʼһһ֣ʵﵽһ̶ȣնɱͼ
û뵽֮ǰһ£Ҹˡ
ҡҡͷǶ䣬ǰһҶ֮ϣڣȴҪҶȲȥߡ
ҶóһЩ񵤣񵤣Ҳ˺˼ţȫʵںֻ֣ΪһµˣҶҲʲô
ֿʼǱޣ
֪Ǽȥ
ʮˣŵūǰʱҶҲͷͨһ⣬Ѻ˴·֮нӳ
һ뵶ū㿴ǲĴڣÿˣӦѹ
ʵ𺳣ҶһˣĪҲͰˣһȺ˶δ̫ˡ
˾ۼһ飬ҶȿˣǶӡ֮ڣƶҪΪһףף߶֮󣬺ӵѹԼᱻ׻ֻͨһ뿪ףˮ֮УȻܵѹȣܱһλʥ
ͨ
ޱȾ㵵ı顣
ಣ
£ҶȱۻҵӡЩӡ̫һΪģںɷ򡢴ľ裬γһںɫס
Ʒɫ׽ںϣҶͷһ⣬һװź˰ģչ¶ŮӲе֮
ҰĽ磬Ҳһͬʧ
˶ʱںˮ֮УΧˮ͵ӿۿҪܺˮľ޴ѹʱϺɫףͻȻתһױڲת

һˮ֮󣬺˾ط֣ΧˮѹȻգȻͨ޷͵ְѹ֮ڱƳһһأγһѭ״̬úˮѹͶȥ
Ȼ
Ҷһӣ뵶ūžˣϺˣһͬǰǺڰޱߵ磬ˮ֮ͨ󣬱޹磬ӦһᣬԵж硣
Ȼһˮٴȥ
𽥿ͼ̣˺Ҳʼס˶֪ͼɼԴ˵Ըͼжѡ
ҶȰǱڴͼеĺϵ֪ͼɳ֣һѲߣһЩҲѶǶͼشкΪ֮񣬶ԸҪǰࡣ
һ飬ȷһ
⴦ʮͷΪߴﵽλĶλλ֮䡣
Ҷͻλ߲񣬾ˡūߣϧһ߽λʥ磬޷ʩչʥ񼶱ͨڹֻӵ߶ȡ
ҶлһǾΪܵĴ
һӵʥʵĺ˴ͼƬˮûж֣ҲҶʱͼԿĳ롣
ϸӦһҶȳ˵ͷǽӽ߽λĴڣˣʵҲﵽ۷壬ˮ磬ʮͷϲ񡢸߲ǶԸҲЩѶȣδٶȣսپȡʱս
ǣˣ
ɱڵӦ˼ֱΧ˵ƣ飬Ⱥһ
Ϸʮˣͬʱ߶ʮ˷ħ
ôʥ񷨱Ϸ
˼ʮ˷ħ
䣡
ʮ˷ħھ˴߶£ݺݵڶ֮ϣֵһӣ㱻飬Ҳˡ
Ӷʮ˷ħģһͨɱжٺɱ١

ι֮󣬺ѻΪһƬ棬ʮͷʱӷ
ɱĺãɱʹ죡
ֲ˶֣û뵽Ȼƣֱһɱ
زص
ūҲˣʩչͨǺڰаģһʱ䵶죬ʮȥ
û취ֻд߶ΧҲð취Ӧԡ

ֹں֮ϣ˵ʮͷֵķ̣ס뵶ūĹ
򣡡
Ҷȵһȥ
ͻλ߲ʵȻﵽλĸ߶ȣһȥ̺˴ͨʱͻͻͻײĴ˫㣬˺ڲռ䡣
ʵ֪ս룬նɱٺ
뵶ūŹգۼ䣬Դݿ֮ƿʼ飬Ȼӿ˵һ˻
Ǻķ
˻˫⣬˻Ӷʮ˷ħְڲһͨΧ

ͷ޴ĺ״̬Ϊ˺һͷͷһɽƣ˳
ʵȻﵽ۷壡
ǣ
ҶͻȻһơ
ಣ
һӰҶ֮УֶǴ
꣡
ֱֳӰҶȵ߶ͨſһ磬ǰˮʼΪһ硣
ǡǴˣ
ͷΧˮ򣬶˷ٶȣȻ̫౶
ʱһľ
ôܿһǿĺͻȻֵĴһɼԺչְķŽ
ҶһЦǴͼԵһ֣ΪŽλʵﵽʥǰҲµ壬֣ΪҵĿܱ
ԭˣ𺳵Ӧ
ĨɱǣҪʬ
Ҷһ
ͣ
ıӡʽڱıռ䣬ͷѱƣ޷ǰı㣬ͻȻı̬Ϊ޴̡
Ŵһģ̣شͷڡ
ͷͬС
˲޵ֳƿ죺ɱĺãɱʹ죡
ζԴͬǾζԴǣ֪ƴǣЩȴ൱ū裬նɱ
ҶȻһΧʬ壬׷ױһøɸɾҶȿˣʱˣͼþҪߣ
һգ۾ʧӰ١


1962 һ
ʥء
·ᦣһδο֮ľ޾ˣʵ֮ԿǼϿյһĻޱȵ𺳡
ǿٿ⡣
Ӧ飬ȴþ׵֮ͨһ㣬þ޾˾ͿӦڱʵĲ࣬жôľˡ
ʥأͨˣˣû뵽Ҿ޾ˣһߣڽ죬֮Уֻ
޾ֻ̾أ˶ŹĴ˵ܴ߶ʩչģмˣ
ͣ
֮޵У
һδײѾ޾ˣײһδѪͣ񵤣߶ᦣ֮⡣
Ǽˣ׵ʵ̫˼飬ȻԽʵ
⻹Ӧ飬ϧһдۣ֮һ֮£ȫھ䣬ѽߡ
Ҫңң
˭˲
ҾһδεŬϣӾָܵϣһδε־ĥټǿҲ޷ס
޾ˣҡˣ
ǰ꣬һ̤ʥھҪʥ񣬵û׼ԼԵ־
Ȼڶҡʹ־ڱһڶɽ٣ôעҪ֮С
ƫƫĴڣӦ飡
ɽ
ھ޾ΣĹͷһֻ֣ƾץץס֮һᡣ
֮߿գ֮ǰ֮ںһ𣬶Ӧʩչʥѧ֮һޱɽҪޱָ߼ֻ̫࣬ؾѧ
һֻ̺أϢĴɽѹ֮֮ϡ

֮ܵشʧһ롣
ǰ
޾˿һĻͻȻӾ֮УͦأӦ˲һУΪԿ󲿷٣ȥζԵԷⷬ
߶ᦣԿʣĸ֮
͡
ͬʱӦԼȻԿ󲿷
Ȼ־ĳͷȻ֮Ȼںϣ˾޴壬ٿȻΪһϸߣӦ飬ն
ӦûжΪ֪ĳͷ۶㵽֮¡
ȡ
־ϸߣѸͻӦ顣
ͻȻִ߶һŴͨͻأػΪһֽӰ
꣬
ϸ߳ΪӦ飬նɱϣӦ黯Ϊֽʱֽ˶ʱȼһֽͨһȼܿͳΪһˡ
գΪҽ
ȿȡ
ͬʱҽԱߣӦֳһΣϲ԰ɫɼʩչһŴͨԿ־жӰ죬·˾ͷƵģϢ
ĺˣѣ
Ŵܴͨȥϣһ˾͹ˡӦ飬֮ͨϣҲ֮ͨϣ
ӦҡҡͷȻ˫ۣһƺûйϵ
䡭
ͻȻһ֮ĸ֮ˡ
һ޴ӰٿȻһɳ죬ϿϢʼʧھ޾ϣòһ̣ѮģһʮµգԵþ塣
񡭡񡭡
̧˫ۣȻ˫֣壬޷ļΪһεᣬϲ
ߣʥ񷡣
֮͵Ķȴ޾ˣڴʱ˿ץסˡ
һӭ˱仯ƺ飬ʱӦҲһ
޾˶ʱվûҲӦֹһЦ޾˼׵лǰ֮
ˮʶҲܶˣԵ֣עģȻעͲȥΥҲҰ㣬㽫ҲңһϢֻأҲʥأһֱ׷ܣ
ǰͬĸ
ˣȻ˵Ժңһж˵֮ϲ㣬أӴޣݺ޾ˮ׷ңԶ½Լӹأ
ܸоңԶ½ϢǳңԶǰЩ꣬רΪռһЩ챦һ󣬾ͻȺܰǰ
ˣЩҲŬһδʧܣҲɣʱһ뿪֮ģ꣬ҪʵһŵԣҲһ漣
ĪǺ֮ǰںĴڣ
һˣʥصӣЩ֪ʱ޶࣬ұһֱѰһˣθպں֮ĳ֮ԼڣҪϲ̤ʥ񣬵һ漣
ꡭϲʥ񣡡
޾һһӡ
ֱǿЦ翪ٵûйκʿڣУϲﵽʥģ
⵽ʲôˣܱӦּǿ߿أ˼ţ
Ȼ޾뵽һˣһΪŵ꣬ʱӦ飺ǰô˵һǰãȥ֮ģȡһ;磬һˣ
ˣӦҲӲɣ֮Уһƺ档
ˣ˰ƺҲǸ߲£һϢصĽ񶼲ǣȻ֮ڣݺᣬʱһΪĳأ
˵ǲҶ
ǰô֪ģ
޾һδ󾪣ʵĪҶȣǰڴػĴˣ
ţҶȣ
Ӧ΢΢ͷȻ·򣺡һжǰҶںҲѭȻ֤һ㣡
ǰ֮ˣȻ츳ᣬ˴ͣˮߣ˿ûǰ˼磬ֹжһˣһйϵ
ΪǷߣ
ߣܰϸԪôɽˣ磿Īǰ½硭
Ҫȥɽ磬ܣҶȿԼʵһɽ磬ͨ
ԭǷߣֲ˽ϵЩʥ񣬶ȲЩߣǾԼз棬ǵԽֻǳ磬󣬶ǿԼһУˣ׼ɽʱҶȻһңΪﱸɽ٣ûӦ
ʲôҲʣԼУҲУúûָɣǿԣҶһ̡
ಣ
Ӧ鵭˵꣬ƾʧȥݲþ޾ͱ
ǰ
޾ŸŸ߿պϧʲôӦûС
񡭡Ӧǰ״ﵽεȵľ磿
ϧôһĴڣΪ޷ͻƣҲҪ𣿡
̫пˣ
޾˲ɵãðһ亹ʥΪʱǶôĲᣬģοǴﵽĴܣ
һۿҪսᣬһ;ͣǺεȵĲп᣿޾ؿ񷣬ʱ˿̣ôϣ԰ڶΪˡ
Ϊ
̾Ϣ΢˫ۣ޾˿ʼУΪ


1963 ޾
֧
뿪磬֮У̲סкãʹ죬ɱʹ죬û뵽ԺưԣҲɱ
ҶΪȻһٶ֪꣬˶ٺ
þ뵶ūɢȥУȻ֮УʱϢһ󣬿ǴͼڼĵǣȹͷȥʱҲָò࣬ٻص֮ĴӳҲüҴӺʬڣָĪ
һץ֮ǰƵĺӣһţˡ
ԽԽ͸㣬ΪǸ߲񣿡
Ӻʬ壬
ǺεȵֶͨΣúˣԻɵĿ⣬ٴ´ҶȣΪҶͨӦòǸ߲Ҳʥ
㣬츳֮ͨУҲţʿΨһŵ㣬Ƕƿأ
㵹ǫ顭
Ϊ㣬λʥΪ׿ҵΪϢأҲ޷ظ߲Ϣ
λʥʥǸ߼󣬶ʿľ磬ͨޣں֮ģͻʥΪӴ˿ݺˮնɱ֮һߣһǿĺ֪ʥ񾳽磬Ҳ֣֮ʱ䣬Ҳ취λһͻƣƽԿˮ
ˮƽΣ
ҶȺʵ֮ǿߣҶľǼˮ˶һ죬֪Ҫкࡣ
ˮΪƽܲ٣֮ĵ֮Уֻм˿ΪߣҲֶΣͻλʥҲ޷⣬ܴߣҲ
һΪṩԴԴϵ񵤣ԼѱڻֱձɣҾͲˣ
Ҷ֮ת뿪硣
˴ʵӣѱ澪ָʵõı֤
Ͽգ
һУҶ̲סҪ鿴ʮͷıԼҪкΪӡ
֮ͨ󣬱䣡
̫ҵ֮УҶȴ߶һ⣬һöö䣬ƯȻִ߶һӴ̫¯ʮͷʬ壬һͬУ߶𣬿ʼܵȼգܿʹžȼ
ʮö䣬ͷƸضܾˡ
߶ԪһԪд䣬ʼĨɱһơ
һʱ䡣
˵һʧʮö䣬Ŀҫ۵ƯڰգҶȵһÿһö֮С
ϵز鿴߶Ԫ󣬾ҶԪͨξˣҪһӰʮö䣬Ҳһ׵顣
Ȼһʾ˵ĲƸ
λҶȶʱһЦʯʯô࣬ؼʯ޷ͳƣҲ֮࣬ˣˣ
һͻõһʾ˲Ƹ
ǧʯǴӺǵģٶڲƸ롭ȥ޾Ҳᱻ
ģǱԴ
֮пʼѰңҵʮԴֻƷʺܸߵıԴĶһ㣬ͨ
Щһʵֻ߲١
ʼб࣬ȥ֮ͻص֮Уͨع䣬񵤣ԼС
ҲѸոյõʮʼʮͷҲ֮У٣ĵʱ䣬Ҳܾˡ
һߵȴһ߿ʼС
һ濴߼ʵĴ󣬾뺣֮Ĳ֪жңԶ
֮ϣȴ׵籼ڣգһɾ裬İ˹ٶԿ
ԭڶɽ٣
ҶɽռĿռ䣬ﵽʮ߲ʥ̫࣬һʿɽʱֵķΧҲףףʥﵽǧס
ʱĶɽٿռ䣬ĿȻﵽʮﻹҪ̫࣬ˣⲻͨ٣
ɽٿռ侪ˣɽٴѹȣϯӺԼӣĺﶼɸ־ѹȡ
٣ͬ죬޾ˡ
ٿռ֮⣬֪ʲôʱһŤİֽӰڹע٣һ˻Ƶ
ֽӰʱȻӦ飡
Ϊʵǰֽ̬һۣɣľգԱ˪˫ͫϿ٣һεÿ˶вͬĽٰԵͣǽһ١٣
ǰл󣬵˸мھŵ٣˿Ǽֲȥˣ
룬һƣ
ӦȻˣػᱣɹ٣İɣ֪ǰҾʱղ࣬ʲô٣ȻһΪ㣬֮һ٣ʣ֮٣Զɹ
٣Ԥͻӭٵ־ͷǰǺοࣿΪαԼԴ
˾ͷҲ־ĳͷʲô־Ҳ˲пʿٳûָһЩľ񣡡
ǰ
ջЭˣĬĬݴ
ֲ˿ֲԭ١
ͨʿ˵ϲв񡢸߲٣ɳƵ٣ٵЩ֮С
߲ѹأֻ̭ٵ
ʥÿʿţҲԿԽĺ蹵ܳɹ̤ʥģָһʳڵ

ֱǶʥ˵һңɼ롣
ʥصĳФĪԪͣʥ׶Σ޷֤Ŀֲһٸʥ棬һ˳ɹΪѾ𺳵漣

սͻȻֹͣ˷ڣΪ棬󲿷ľŹףγ֮һֱа׾޴
ĺȻоڶԶɽ֣߳ʩԳͽ䣡
һ̣աӵˣΪѹȣرܣ־塣
ҪҾ޾˰
޾˱ź˻ߡ
ͻȻ䣬һŤİֽӰ˾ŵٵ֮ǰһĪҪɹһأܣͻữΪ֮еһĨ׷ۣ
ǰ֮ͬ졭
޾˼ãɫʡ
ңңʣҺξ죿
ֽͻȻΪӦƮףȻӶұһץޱ֣
һֻ⣬ӦһץΪһֻ֣ȻӾŵ׽֮ʱһץץס֮
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬֮ʼ𶯣̺֮ͨޱ֣ʼӦ顣
䣡
·ʣ֮շľ޾ˣ߶һᦣΪɾ޴֮ԿţÿһζԿ޾˾ͱѹ½һЩ֮ϵޱ֣η֮ģεȵȻץס١
ȣ
ҪӦ飿־飬ҪɱֻϣҲ̫ˣ
סӦ飬Ȼӣһ˺Ѻۼɼٵĳͷ֮жôˡ
ӦͻȻ˫һ֣˫ͫɽӵƣֻأ
ৣ
ֻ⣬ͻȻӿʱ֮ȻֻգȻһ࣬γһڶƵͨȻذ֮תƵ˺ڶ֮С


1964 ˮ
֧
ʮʱţˡūԼҶȣϴ͵Ϯȫʤ֮ͳͳʱǱޡ
ҶȸӣԼϺԼҲвٵıΪѳ׻ָҲߣˮ磬ΪȻȲ½ء
ھ뵶ūʵһÿʵλ¡
λ߲Բ˶ãܳĽλ߲֮Ĳ֪һʮ꣡
Ͽգ֮УǱ޵Ҷȣʵλ߲ԲҲͼ
նɱʵܵõƸֶΪ
Ҷѡʱ䣬ͼˮ֮ʣһҵ
֮УֶһҸոյõϢˮҪǰĲ£ͳͳ
жˣ΢΢һˮᷢơ
ʮˣҶ꣬ǱڼˮֵܴϢҵֵܣҲˮץסʿʮˣ
ǲüˮóѣǵͬΪūڲˮĹô򵥣
˼
ȣȻҪȣǾж·ߣҲɱˮ֪ÿηū磬ߵˮͬ
⣬ÿˮֻмˮգ£ÿζڳ֮ǰõ⣬ô˵Ҫˣްգ
ҲһЩֵܵϢԴϢȵȣ
ȻУǳˮߣʱʱˮɢͨ˴µıϢۣ
Ƕͳͳҡ
ʲôã
ɽƣ²˳٣ȻǾˣҶȥɣˮ磬ǲǼˮĶ֣ˮ磬ʥҪնɱ
Ҷȵ߶ͨһ֮ˣһȥ
ˮϳ뺣֮Ļһ룬뺣֮һߵ̣γɶ֮ƣƫڸˮ򣡡
棬˱Ҷȷ
Ҷȵͷ֮󣬾λʥĺˣʥٶȣңԶˮ
һ·ɳۣ벻Ҷںˮ磬ٶȿľˣʥ½֮ϣٶȾȻҲʥࡣ
ԽҶȽӴӴԽ࣬˽Խ࣬ܵҶԽأһ߲ʵٶȶʥ񣬵ʲô̥
һУ
ʥٶȣԶԶ뿪֮֮ӹˮԽһĺ֧ǰһƬͷӡ
ˮϳ֮УҪΪõӻĹϵϵˮ磬˭ԣ
Ӹ߿գҶȱѸӦһЩϢӭ
ĮĵЩ꣬ˮһСһɳҪԭԲ࣬ҪΪõūúˮ򱣻Լ
˵ӵ֮ˮֵܣϵǳ
˵ףֵܣݺˮ򣬶ٵǿߡɱɵֵܣ
֮ĶʮߣûһߣҶԸˮ
ǲںˮںֵܣɱ˼ˮֵԣֵһΪѽӽ˼һȻʥ񣬴ﵽ߶ȣ֮ģһߣӵʵ
ԭ֮ģĻҪӡ
һȻĿΪκ˶ϣնɱˮڶԿĴͼֵµǿߣں֮ҲߣɵĶӦúǿߣ磬Ĳ࣬λʥ½磬ԶԿλʥ񣬵ȥˮ磬һλʥ޷սʤƵĴֻǾŽλҶ޷磬սʤһͷͽλʥ߽λʥ񣡡
˵ֵˮ磬ֻܣܶԿǣҶԿҲף
Ҫԭ򣬺ռ֮㣬࣬ȥ½أҲÿƺʮ˺¼ƺıҪʮ֣һΪˮ磬һͳһ㣬֮ˮʮڲγڲӣΪǵĸݵأ
ǿɶҰĲ
ú˵Լ޷֪ϸţҶܴ
ʮ֮Уܲʲôвˮ򣬴ˮȥʮ֪ʱʱ̣̿Σ
ֻһʥֻ˽Ƭ棬޾ˮ򣬺֮ģâЩ֮ʲôϵδֻᷢα仯ȴ޷Ԥ֪ҲԶϤҲֻܣԤ֪ɣһ̾ȻüһɱָǰһָǾ޴Ľ磬ڲൺ죬Ǽˮϳ
ģƵҪʤһ
漴ȥҶ΢΢һ𼸷⡣
һﵽʥĽ磬Ѷʮ챣ÿһܴͻأڽ֮Уһ
ˡ
߶һ
˰ʱͿҶȣλֵܣ֪׼ȷʱ䣬ֻ˽ڽڣˮ¸֣һū磡
ûϵҲýȥȽ֮Ϣһ߶ͨƿصϢӦ׷ЩֵܵϢֻҪ뿪ܸӦϢ
ҶȻһˣһ޵״̬֮УȻû·ӡ
ֽڰĺˮ磬ۣͨģؼˮһɽûоͷݺˮ硣
ҶʾţȴţҶϽӡһ޵ĸӦ𽥵͸ȥ뿴Ҷȵַϧٶ̫죬ʮ£ʥΪ޷塣
龻֣
УҶȻڿƴͨ龻֣Ӧˮ֮£ϿյϢֻҪкµϢ֣ܲ׽
λ߲Ϊʩչ龻ֵĸ߶ȣҲԽǰ̫౶ҪӦˮ̵ķΧҲǲܵġ
һȥһ仰Ҳû˵侲ȴţ͸ɱ֮ƽıȻʱʱ̿ڴš
Լ¹ȥ
ˣ
һȻҶΧ£ˣӦˣһжʮˣոմӽ֮зɳδӣһ˷ȥǹҪȦӣŽ֮С
ô죿ؽɴʵ
ڸ߿գȥбֵĿܣ֣Ҿ֮£ǣ
Ҷ˵ԼļƻûɲǼ䣬ҶȾʹ߶ǧͼ֮ƿΧˮǰȥ
ڶڵˮϷ
һԶˮĵ̡
ʮڼ׸֣Χʮӡסʿһǲ̶ͬȵ˺ۣǶʮʿﵽ˳̶ȡ
ٿΧʿǴﵽ߲֮ǿߣ֮һлʥ֣
ʥǸĺߣĿɭɭţҶˣ󺺡
Ȼǵͽλʥ񣬿ʵҲǺǿģô񣬸߲ʵں֮ˮݺᡣ
ֻ½֮ϣȥˮ磬Щ˼һ𣬿¶ǾŽλĶ֡
׳ǸߣϣǵСİȻϴαˮûԣһֱûҵΰˣϴܻˣ


1965 ˵ŭ
ߣ˫üȻ𣬲ŭĵڿ뿪֮ˣ֮Ķԩ
˻һ󺺾ͷˡ
һ˷ȥԼ֮Խһ֧һ֧
ȻϿƯȴš
ֻǰ㹦һͷˮ޹꣬ˮðݣȻſ졣
ߣ
ߵջ֣޹ȥǿнһŵɫҵʿѪ֮УգۣһˣȻˮ޹Ĵ֮С
Ƕһͷˮ޹ꣿ
·Ŀ⣬Ϸһ޴ˮ޹꣬ˮ޹ɫǣԼѩ׵ĸγĶԱȡ
һ
ˮ޹ûˮ£ȻˮԨϵȥ
ְɣżؿҶȡ
ھˮ棬̫ˣǶ֣ʥǿߣԶʱصˮ棬ʱǾ鷳ˣȵˮǾҪ뿪Ҳףʱö֣ˮҪԮһʱҲ²
ã
˳׶Ҷȷˣ͸ǰ˫ףԤγɹ˵Ļ档
Ҷȴ߶ͨˮ޹꣬һͬˮȥ
ʱ֮ˮ޹ˮ֮УӵײʱںϷҶȵ˫ͫһһץ
ಣ
ľͷĴǰ
ҶʵʵػΧκҪߣˣһɱһ
ͷϢľط˳ȥ
Ҷȣźˣ߶ٶȣٿȻ׷ˮ޹꣬޹ԲϷ
һͷλȼˮ󣬵ٶȣ̫ˣ٣治ǹ٣
ٴλһҶƳޱȵ޽ڵʵȻﵽλ񣬶ˮ޹λʵۺϱҶȻҪ֮ϡ
ٿ
׼λҶȱһ޽Ѹȥ
ͣ
ɺѪ޽޼᲻ݵأˮ޹ͷиʧȥľ޹ԴƸԲ򣬹๾ķˮ޹˫ۣɵôģƺȥ
Ҷˮ޹ʬ壬봢֮УǾ޴ԽҲԽˡ
ˣˮ޹ʶʧͷķ·ʧһˣʧȥܵˮѹж٣ҲҪһ룬ʥͷͨףҪα𣬽ޣԣٴ߶֮ǰΪף
Ĳţ벻ӼˮоˣȻס
ವһҶΪף˳ΧҲʧںˮ֮Уж硣
֮ͨҪܵˮѹȣͲһ˰ɣ
ģһѩ׵񽣣һƷʲʥ
Ҷʼ磬Ϊ˵ĺȷͨ޵ʵʣܵˮѹȣȻʥȻʥİԵ

ʱˮзľ޹ԴڲǿҵײһʧڲܵˮѹȣҪѳ
ͼ޹ԴңʱʱðһѪݣ滹ӡ
䣡
ʮι֮ڣһʥѾ޹ԴץһѪʥǿߣ֣Ǳˮ磬ڲĸ֣һһٶȡֹ쳣׾
Ϊܵˮ粻˼ѹȣжɡ涼ܵơ
ܿıץʿҲһ뿪
裬ʶ𣿡
ˮ֣ԺˮѹȣҲҪһʱֹūߣڴʱֳ񽣣Ҷȣ콵ٶȫﵽʥ߶ȡ
ˣ
ߣʥ׳˲䣬ˣɱǷֺ˿ƶǾ־塣
˱ΪԶǡ
ϴ󣡡
ū֮Ужʮߣʱ㵸ںˮѹ֮£ԵúܲЭɼȡ
ֵǣȲ˶ãǾ뿪ǣһҪ
˵ֳ꣬ѩ񽣣߶ף˵ٶȣֱɱ
ӣ
һӣ֪Ǻ˶֣Ϊϲߣϴʥ֣ǿǣūˮȥ
ǵٶȱȹٻ磡
͡
뿪ʮף
һӰͻȻǰȻһһʥˣ޷뷴ӦҼ硣
һȻûаҼ£ֻ¾˵Ľۡ
ʥ
ӰҶȣе޽ΪʧȴҲ֮Уλ߲񣬴ﵽλʵһһλʥϣȻ޷Էնɱֻһ˺ۡ
Ǽķ̰ʵĻƽվɱҲʵɱƽܵģ
ʵʵ
ԭֽϻߣ
ˣ𺳣֮лع˿ڣ֪ҶʵԶ֮£һ⡣
ϧһλʥ⣬ոˮ֮УƾҪѹƣʧһ룬Ҷʱֻ赭дһ֣һλʥĹˣȻʥǿߣʵã磬ʥҲ˵Ұë
޹أ
˶½ǰĮʾ⣬Ҷ뿪
Ҷ侲ƯϿգƴעΧһһ
ͣ
֪һӳ񽣣ԷˣҲ߶һ񵶣Ҫ˿⡣
ֻոջ񵶣ٶʮ˵񽣣ѾĲ֮ϣʱͬͷˮ޹꣬ͷ­ն
ʵٶȣȫռƣǾԵƣ
ϴ䣬ϴ䣡
ǶʮʿӼĻ
裬ǶҲȥɣ
ػӳѩ񽣣һΣһķŭһʥȥ
Ҹƴˣ
һʥ񣬳˦ö͵̫С˵ٶȣҲһͶ˰
ʥŵ˿ˮ˵ʲôֻһͷһһѩ񽣣¸
Ѫ๾ðѩһ࣬ʱĳϡﻩӶһͨ˳
ЩһǧУ
ͻȻ߶ѩ񽣣ѩ񽣻Ϊת״̬ٵİһʥ͡һʱ䣬Ѫ裬ʥϰ
ԷʹճΪһѪǡ
һĻΪߵĶλ裬һҲˮ֣ŵû˻꣬׷׶ūֻ
ޣˡ
Ҷ׷ȥͷޣһ˳ƶûԶһſС죬һһһ߲Ҳһ
裬뵽нɣ
ʣߣһδ߶ѩ񽣣ߣȻûз
Ϳ˾棬ηҲı䲻˽䷴ʹȥʹġ
һˣһѪǣȥ
Ǻ
ߵˣҶУǱ޳ԵˣʣµˣҲնɱ
Ҷȴ߶һ⣬ʮܾϲʿȻߣΧʬ壬ҶȰʬȫ֮С
ˮܺܿͻ֪£뿪˵ֳ֮ҶȱѴٻأ˿ʼˮ档


1966 ƻ
ֻʮҶƿ֮£ʮˣ˼ٴˮ򣬻صˮ档
бץʿָɣҶ˼¹򣬿ͷлʮ뿪һˣȻҪˡ
仯Ŀ죬벻ҶҲ벻
ЩѾҪˣһԻжʮ𣬺˵ľɲ£ôһʱǸ⡣
ҶһԣҶȿڣ²˳٣뿪Ƭˮ˭Ҳ֪ˮĸ֣ʱ
ҲģھȳôֵܣôҪ룿ԵúֵԭǴ㣬ˮһ󣬶ܼˮԼƽܵǿУֲֵܶܲˣ
ʲô£ôһ顣
ҶˬʵЦˣһ뿪ɣҸصĵطΪӪأź֮ٸңԺǻȻԺԸˮ
ãŪһУһʱ֪ͨ㣬鷳Ҫֻں֮УſԶˮ˵׷ɱ
Ȼȥʮˣˮ档
Ժһ
һѣˮ֮ϣȻǴ£Һʵǿֶˮߣ巽棬ҪҶȵġ
Ҳϴ߶ǧͼ뺣֧֮С
֮ŻصͼΧĺ磬ʼС
Ҳõٵʬ壬ͳͳʼЩˮĴ䣬Ҷֻɨһۣı̫ˣҲûϸһûȥܡ
ܿ죬ʬΪӣҶӣָūˡ
ͬʱڣݸ߼ԴһҶһ֣ʣһ֣׼λͻĽλʱá
ֻһ㱾ԴҪãҶȫʼԶУҶȵľ磬Ȼӽλ߲۷壡
ᣬͻصƵͨںϣʼĽλ
ڴʱ˵Ҳɣͨ崫ֽ񣬶ƺҪ
պҪҶ϶صƵ
ͨں֮ڶڼУ˰꣬꣬ҶһֱУں˱ԴΪȻλ߲۷壬ʱԽĽλ
ͬʱټҶȡ
Ҷʮˣۼڴ֮У˷׷¡
Ϸֱӿڵһǰʼﻮʱ˽⣬ȷճҪһȺᱦ֣һᱦˣһ֧ǳˮ򣬷һ鶴ھƺһ߽λʥУ׹뺣֮УȻ౦
ⲻǸɼ֮£
ƽ˵ߣʵϣһǿͷӣں֮ΪΪƣɱԽǿɡ
ҶȰЦһȻ䣬뵽һõӡ
ԣƽܿɲѣͬӪǳ׵׵ĵˣƻƽܵĺ£ҲͬڶԿƽܣ
ҪɱԽѰ֣ΪҶȲˬǳɹˣһбǳΪƽܵģ
д߶һ˳ȥ
ȻǺˡ
º˵õϢҲ˵˯žѵлᣬԸƽܣӵʵȫɲˣʮСһϡ
ϧûеѰλãҲ˵ģҶҲֻܰϵڱˡ
ʱ֮һ㽫ʮˣ뿪Ƶ
ʱ֮ҶȾ͸Ӧ˵Ϣʮ֣Ҷһ֮ͨ󣬾ԶԶһͬˮ߿շš
һȥԶƵˮһ֧ˮ֮С
ҶͨӦȻֶʮϢۼں֧λãȺѰϸλá
Ͽ˶꣬ˮգƯһЩʿ
ˣΪӣÿһʮˣΧ
һȣȻʮˣֳҷȥ
Ҷһӣ˹ͨҲ֮߿գȴʱ
ۿΧȦҪγ֮ʣ˿ʼж
λʥΪϢǰһѰĿģ˵
Ѱˣ˿ʼ
ɱ
СӣҪΧʱʮѰˣȻ̫ͻȻˣһʱܵ湥
ô£
һףɻΪʵʩΧԷ͵Ϯ
ɱ
һ˶ʮɱڵĸ֣ԺΪס
ˣ
һˣ󺧲ѡ
꣬㻹ûл·
ֱӷһȻǲŹƽǿߵľѻᡣ
λʥΪҪնɱͽʥ׾١
˺壬ٳˣ
ǸˣȻ֪Ǻ˶֣һһ֮߸֣Ƶ
䣡
һɺưͨΪһŤ̬һɨΪĿ꣬ѹȶȥ벻ٸ֣˳ȥ
˴Ӻƺ߳ɱȻ߽λ˵ͽλ̫̫࣬࣬һ棬Ͱѹ
㡭
ǧףͣѪΧЩ£ͻΪ촷ۣʬ壬ǣСҲڱѰˣ˵׷ɱæȥˣ˸ģĻꡣ
ɱ꣡
Ȼһ޵ںԺ
˼ǣǲŹģҶˣɱвɱĵʵ
ôҲƽ£ֱӹǿߣǰѹշˣƽܣΪǵӣԺԸƽܣһ
⣡
һʹӦ

һɱ꣬жҪĸ֣ȫնɱˣˣһŻȥ
ˡ
꼱ߣǵѪãҪ

ɳףѾҪ뿪֧ʯ֮䣬һӡƿնĺ󱳣һѩ񽣣ûѹĲϡ
ŵֱ£֪˵ֶεģһʱҶһ¡
˵꣬ҪҲɱ㣬ҲԣҵģƽߣʱΪã
ƽߣϸ㲻ǲ֪ɣŵɫҡ
ҵĽºãշѰһĺã˵꣬ѹ񽣣ѹ¶һߡ
ããã
ջǴӦˣףƽܣΪʲô̸꣬ģҲֻΪѡ
ʶʱΪܣᣡ
ͻȻץһԪӡҶƵģںϣȻǿУü֮Уջ񽣣ֻҿԽ⿪ƣǲʱԱĨɱԪ񣬺úΪЧҲǸ֣ңҲţҲģҲ㣬һѽȥɱƽܵģ
ǾͺãǾͺã
ųһ麹
챦ˣ
ɱˮ߿գͻȻѰھķ֮Уһ⣬⣬ˡ
˿ûпһۣƺΪʱ򣬲粻ǡóԭ
ȵȥ챦ɣƽܽͣ˵챦ҵע˷ӳȥڵƣҲƽˣ


1967 Ľλ߲
ããã
ҲͲиڣΪѡ
ĮȻͷȥ
꣬Բ׶ԸϣԺԸƽܣֶһֶΣ
һӰҶȱ
ߣƵ΢Цţͨ壬żĻߣƵ
ԺƵʲôϢ㾡ܸңҺƽߣ
ǵȻ
ҵһܵ죬
˼Ҷһȥ̿ҶȻͬ⡣
ú˵ķϹǴż˫ûȤǰѰƵ֮ǰھ
Ƶ
뵺Ϸ
꣬⸱Ǻº£
֮УƽϷΡȻ·깭ŴԵսս
Χмǿߣʥ񼶱ĴڣҲС
꼱æش𣺡ǸϵǴ򣬵ȷǼһȺѰˣչΧ֮ʱ֪ȺѰȶַ˶ź˴ŲΧɱɾǴ֮УͻȻһע뼸ֵܣӲ
˲Ǳˮôܷһףɻƽܡ
ԽƻŮˣԲǸͨŮˣˮԿûڼˮϣˮʵǱҲ޷ȫʤʵ֮ǿţԿִôʲôϡ£
ƽܰ˵ɻȻְĿ⣬ϣֵܣⷬ㣬һλΪˣܻŻҲƻδָŸɳ֮
ʵڽƻǧŹŮˣһӯ˵
ԸѺϢ߸ˮ±һҪżͷȥúϢ˳Щһӻֵܣཱ
ֵܣлл⿪
Ÿм֮飬뿪˴
һߣƽܾͿڳǿߣЩǿߣڣһΪλĽλʥ񣺡Ƕ¿
һ˵ǣƲ޲ףһǿߵ̬
Աһ˽ŵǿûŶʲôطʲôɫͷ쵱ǰˮɱ˺ˣһǣ˻ܷŹꣿ
˵ȷط㣬λɳλ̸֣ȥǴ򣬵֮Ӧиۣ׽˵
ĪǽߣˮԿϳˣܴӼˮ£ӳϴεԳҲƤ£˵ߣ
һ̾
ƽϷ֮֮һˮΪﵽλʥģһߣ˱ݺˮĴڣ˵ʲǫ̂¼Ժ󣬺ƱػᶢƵΪ뱾ԿǶɳһЩϸͨʿˣˮߣˣҪǯס֪䣬ʱѷ͸¶ȥˮȻȥ

·ˣĸвڷë
߾ߣֶ˸˷ʤ
ȥ֮ƽܻĿ⣬˼֮󣺡ĪǺ˱󣬻ʲǫ̂ɣҪȷ£ܼ򵥣üˮȥ˫󵽵˭Ӯң˭Ҿ֪ˣ
޾֮У
֮ҶȾͻص˽ڵ֮ϸϻС
ûͻƵ׼
֮ٴƵͨ尵ںϣ٣꾭¼һֱ֮Уֲ֪ҶǺģҶ֪һеϸҲһֶΡ
ûеҶȣҲһͬѹأͬҶȵ١
Ҷɴ߶ǧͼ̶ʮ죬ʯǡ
ϴζɽٵɭ֮У
һٶ꣬λ߲һ̤ٶȻ
ʱȣӦ鶨µޣԽԽ
ָ䣬һٶ͹ȥˣ֮һʱ䣬ʣµʱǰһƬǿѣԽҲͣλ߲ӵλľʵ
ʱһλӵһλʥʵ漣
Ժͨںϣﵽ̶ȣ˶ʱ䣬Щ꣬ͨʱǰҪԵͨʱץסᣬͨ໥ںϸ

ʼͻˣ
߶ӡԪӿս֮УһӴԪ󣬲ϵӿֳ
ԪٶȣԽԽˣֱҶȫԪС
ȻȼҶӡһͬʡ
ξʱ䣬ﵽƽĳȣʱ䣬ֻҶȣʿҪʮ꣬ʮʱ䡣
ԪΪһɴСʱҶȴ߶Ԫ󣬶ʱ˫һϣԪӡʱںϡ
ˣ
۹âתۣһɴСԪ󣬱㻯ΪһߴСԴ
ĿԴɹᣬҶȴλĽλ߲
쳣Żƣ类ҶӦʹĥԣƤδһ¡
ȻҶ޷ҵģҵģֻԴٶȡ
ʼ׼ӡ֮ԼӡҶΪڴıԴ
飬͵һϴ֮ҪԽȫ棬ٶȾԽˡ
ҶӵнѪʮٵѾѰʿټϱԴҶȵٶȣ˳˵İٱ
ͻĽλ߲ɣҪʮʱ䣬ҶҲֻڼ깦ɡ
λͻƵĽλҶֻüˣ
ֻһʱ䣬Ԥ֮УٶȻҪһ
ĴܷھΧȻ䣬ʼ̫Ϊеͨ
ǧͼƷһ߶ȣﵽλ߲ٶȣеǼȣ˾޾ϲǴôıԴǧͼӤԼﵽ˸߶ȡ
֮䣬ʼ鿴Դǧͼı仯
ǧͼʱʱ̶̿ھ֮нʮ߼Դľͬʿ
ʿУҪ棬̫࣬ҪȻ֮ȡûģʶҲ壬ֻҪͿԡ
ӤͯҲǲġ
ʮ߼ԴȻֻ˺һ֣ҶĽλ߲ʵٶȣҲٶҶȵʵֲϵҶʥôЩ߼Դʱ䣬Ҳʮ
ȥҶȿʼַںϡ
ֺؽ뵤鿴Ӱ仯
ûжٱ仯ֻӰʼģģμûʲô仯ҶյֻĪϵϴεõתֻֻӰ仯ܴ
ԺҪ໨һЩֻľ֮ϣɽԪޱѧ
ֻľҶȰܴҪ׼ֻߵͨҪֻطʼֻľ


1968 Ů
ʱ֮ĳһˮ硣

һͷ޴ľһ·׷ŴСſºͬͬ࣬Ҳķ
𽥵ģһڰϿȣϿƺʲôͬѰϢ
ಣ
ͣϿϷſʱ޾˱һ磬ͻȻҪܵӵѹƣڵжѾ½أûжٵĲһɣƷ
޾Ͽȵײָһײʯ볾˲Ĩȥ¶һӡҺûк⴦ϵַˣﵽҲаգõһС
ĬһȻϷˮ򣺡Ӧǰ֮޷رֻΪ㣬ҶСӣʵ
˵꣬㻯Ϊһ⣬ӡ֮С
ʯǸɭ֣
һ֣ҶȻص֮Уſһ¯׷ʧҲܷ׷ڡ
ʱ忪ʼĽλ߲չֵĸ߶ȣںϡ
ͻ֮ǸоһӵޣӦӾˣҲñ֮ǰӯࡣ
ſʼһһʩչͨĽλ߲ı仯ж١
ߣﷶΧڣֻǺģһŵķΧҪֻܴﵽʮ֮һľ롣
ֻߴ߶ֻ֮֮γһָӦﵽ໥ѭʣһı仯
Ȼ߶ӦڵĸӦΧжңԶ
ҶȺ⣬Ȼﲻߵľ룬ҲܸӦΧʮľ룬ִ߶ԪʼӦ
ԪͲһˣҶȵԪ쳣ǿ𽥸ӦҶĸӦ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ԪӦȻ͸ûȷĿʱҶڵӤͻȻ΢΢һ
ƺӦʲôΪµϢ
ҶȴδģæջԪӦ֮ʣʱӤתƵ˾䡣
ȻӤо£˵ΧʲôĴڡ
û뵽һĽλ߲Ԫ˵ǿ󣡳û㣬Ҫһгɣ𣿡
ȻһŮȻҶʲôʹƵģҶΧ
εȾǿߣ
һֲӤȻе£ŮǸŮΪͨȻﵽ޷¶ȵĸ߶ȡ
ǰ֪ԭðʧ
óԷȻǶŭˣһĻֵͬܲֻ࣬һΣǹͷŸӦһ֮٣ֻ뿴ڵʵﵽεȸ߶ȡ
˵ùƫƧĴȻ֮УȻҲɣһǿߣҲ̫˵㡣
ΨΨŵŵıʾǸ⡣
̧ͷעķԷûͷŸӦȴķûзһӰ
֪Ůͻأ𣺡⸱ģһҲʲôöҵĵطˣҲһ£
⡭
ԷȻǶŭˣɱ
ɲˣҶȼæ׼ԷҪɱֻ֣д߶ǧͼȻ֮У֮УΪǧͼٶȣδٶٿ죬ҶҲӲصŮ
Էǿ󣬴ѹҶȲȥӦ֪һǿߡ
ҾͲţҲڡ
ܸӦӲԴУҶ̴߶ߣʵϢͲţһ˿
ڶʿķҲ޵ɡʳҲи
죬ﵽʮ￪⣬ҶȻûз֣ķΧڣûκϢ
⡭⵽ʲôǿߣκʥϢȻжߣжѵʥ񣬶񣿡
鷳ˣ
̫ùˣ㣬ôһ񣿡κԣײβģԴӼӦ飬֪Īǣײһ
治򵥣
ԼʱŮſڣ⣺һֱΧ˵жжĳ̶ȣԼ󲻵ʱ׼㣬û뵽˳סԲӦ䣬ɼĵġ־Ǻεȵļ̣ʥһҲﲻ̶ֳȣһοһˣ־£ѡܣ㲻ܣҲ᲻š¡ԼСһ߲һӶ˼£Ӷ˼¶ѣ
ǰ񹦸ĻܴСžţҶʵӦ
ͬʱҲ޷ж𾪣ܽΧ
ҶţԷԱߣضԸӦûжҲԸӦϢʲôûС
ϢĸӦܣȫܣ֮ȴϹһ⻹磬һֹ¡
ͷͷСҲ֣ôһҲ˳ס
û뵽ԷĻҶȣԼͷޡ
Ҷһ޲֪ʲôʱѾˣڰСβͣ͸ӦΣգֻǸӦԷ̫ǿ޷Ըûκζ
СһȻĽ
ҲͷһΣ޸ӦΣҲֳֻܱĬʱ̡
ǰͨ󣬾ͲҪĥ־Ҫˣʵȥǰ취ҪΪˣҲҪ֪Էĳ࣬Լɡ
̧ͷɣ
ȻԷӦһ䡣
Ҷſˮһ̣ʼ̧ͷһ̣һɫ۵ŮԼֻʮ꣬ȻϢƯǰ벻ס
ŮƯ˵ϢûУҶȫоڣƫƫسǰ
⵽ĳľ
Ůɫۣһͷ㷢Ҳǽɫģʮֵ˳ҶȸоͲһࡣ
ȻӤеȻӤйĴڣ
Ȼ䣬Ժðһͷ߶龻֣СΧϢһûʲôѰ֮
Ů̫߹󣬲մҶȵĿ⣬һֱǾֹˮҸҶȵĸоֱһ֪ΪΣϸҶȸоĵ
ˡ
ҶȵԺͻȻһԭǻ龻˵Ӧ
鿴֮Ҷ𾪵飬ݣ̾ϢƮϵϢԭ̺֮УϵϢֲӤӦԭ̺ϵ
Ůƺû˼άƵģͣһᣬͻȻ͵һҶȶԣͬԡһ仰Ǹ˲ţҾɱ㣡
лǰлǰҶȵ
ûҶȸ˼ӣŮֿˣҪߣԺͳΪߵͯӣ
ˡ
仰ҶȻƵģľ̿ˮǰ㲻ǿЦɣͯӣ
ȵĴڣῪЦ𣿡Ůƽķʡ
ɲааѮĸ޶Ҫչˣôܸǰȥǰܿ컯ܸܲһѡ񣿻һʱ䣿Լ
£ҶȾһε˵
ЩȻٵģɲܸŮȥʵܵõŮӻĻţݺᣬһݺᣬκʥأҲӵпŮʵ
£кܶ飬Ӧĳŵ⻹ҪģҪǣ缴ܾƽ޹ʵʧҪȥѰҴʦξ񣬸Ҫâҵ纺


1969 Ϊ
ЩҺܰȷʵҵĴڣܿ㣬ѡΪͯӣ컯
ŮδŭǰƽִڣȻ׶ݣ˶һҡˡӦǷ˲Żȥĵ£һ֮ˣЩ˷ͷȥУǸ߲ҿǧڣ̤ôԸ𣿡
ǧ꣬
ֱǽŮҶ׳һ޷ֵܾÿǵľ޴档
£˿ǧ꣬Ӹ߲̤
ҶȶԼţ꣬ϲ̤ʥѾǲɵ飬٣õĻϣ
ǧ̤꣬
һǧһģܡ
ʲôˣôһڣ˷Ƶģǧڣ񣿾ӦǰҲ˵ֳŵһʱ䣬ҶĶˣǧܳɾ
ǧȥһΪ񣬾ͿԼ飬κζұǿĿɽԺκεط
޴ջ󣬰ǰҶȾȻЩ΢΢ġ
߰ɣ
ŮΪҶȴӦˣῼǣ֮ԳĬΪһ𺳵һʱ޷˼ά
ǧҾͿԳɾ񣡡
·иһֱڶҶźƺģһ̣ݡ
ڴʱԺ˷硢ɽеһĻĻһУǿԼжģǱ˹ඥǴ󷢴ȱͶġ
ǧ޷ܾԼУȻǧﲻ񣬿Ƕ༸ǧ꣬ǾͲһˡ
ԽŮһҲ˽⣬ȥһȥꣿǸϵʱ䣬ңңڣô纺ô죿
˵ǧ꣬ǰ꣬ѾȲҪɱ۶Ѻ̫ӵͷԲڽ£ȳ纺
ԣȥãǸһֱڲظţջûö̵־
ŮޱصĹ񣺡лǰ񰮣ǧûоܾأȴɣĳЩˣĳЩ£ҪҪԼĵ

Ů΢΢һ̾쵹ˣôôˣˣ֪ôҲϻߣ
˵꣬ҶڵĿռ䣬Ȼʼ˲
ͨĽƣǰѿռֱʥ񣬶޷ľͨ
ǰ
û뵽Էͻأ֣˶ռĸ߶ȣ߶ǧͼҲû˿ᣬã뿪ռ䡣
Ȼ߶䣬ҲֻʧҲ޷뿪ռ䣬Ѿûκεѡ񣬳֮ǰһ
ѵŽŮȥ
ҶȸоĵΡ
ǿһǹһĪ
Ҷ޼ƿʩֻŽŮȥʱһϤҶȼޱȵӸ߿սٶ
̧ͷһһֽӰ֪ʩչεȵֶͨ
Ů΢΢̧ͷûκα飬ֽӰˣǿһŽλ񣬻һ̤֮ϧ߻ħӣϧⷽأһ˲ţ
ƺ磬װ̾Ϣ
ֽ˻ΪʵӦ飬ȿҶȣ̾ҶȣҹȻû㣬˵ĺãÿ˶ԼĵǵԼĵҵĴУҿ㣬뿪ɣߵԶԶģ
⡭
ҶȼӦ飬û뵽ʱְ̣Լԥ֮䣬;뿪
ʱƿĶռ䣬Ȼеʧ
ǽŮĮȻȥɣֻҪţҶҵ㣡
ǧͼ
²˳٣ܸӦӸأ߶ǧͼˮһ죬ȥ
һʧ
һռ䷨
Ůûּ⣬ıû뵽һ߲ӵ˲ͨҴҲڴĪ뿿ԼŬΪߣ
ֿӦ飺Ϊķǿߣ
Ұװˣ
Ӧ鵭Ӧܿ⣬Ȼᣬʥصݣ˲˼ǿߡ
㲻˵ҾͲ֪
ŮͻȻһһưӦ顣

ߴ߶һ޵ӡݺݵɨȥ
ײ֮Ӧӡͱ飬Ҳ˺ɫӲ԰
֪ˣ
Ůü¶һǳǳ΢ЦȻɿءʼգ޷ʮһ֮Լ͸¶ϢʮԼŽ׷ֻһطϢʥأ
㵽ʲôˣȻ΢Ϣ֪ʥصĴڣ
ǴﵽŽλĲͷڽŮͨҲо˼顣
Ů֪ҵݺףֻҪĨĸӦΧ֪ҵݣ
ಣ
֪Ӧ飬붼û룬ѷĨǿǰͬɱΪûзŮҪס
˫ۣظӦȻ֮еϢ
ŮһƯûϢûаûҪӦֵͷ
ʱ֮Ӧ龪ۣ𺳵ӽŮ૾̾´㡢㡢ѵǡ
֪˵˭ҲҲ޷ָĹϵ
ŮӦӦ飬ԵøӴݣʥصϵֻأĪǣֻأֻص־Զʥأһֱڴû뵽Ȼֵܵǿߣϧ㻹һܳΪǳΪʥزŻʽϣո֮·ɣΪʥصĴ࣬㣬ʥضʥ˵һȴһԽʥأ
ӦûзֻĵͷʥƾʷҲǿˣȴЩû˷ĻԵ
ûдǳĳɾͣҲ׷ϴ
£ܷŹʥ磿
磿ղǸʿݣǺУʥûʲô˲ţмǿߣҲ࣬ҵķۣİɣʥ־µĴڣҵþ죬ΪҲ־
ӦͻȻʩ񣺡л֪γƺ
Ů̧ͷ񷣬¶޷λðĲݣʼĳ죬ʮһ꣬ˮҾеһΣʮĴϣҲңҲңΪ桯
棡
Ӧܵζ֮ǰǷ
ȥɣʥصĽٲǸ磬Ҳٲˡ
Ů桱ֻ΢΢ͲӰӡ
ͬʱһϢ·ضһ֡
棡
Ӧ̲סǰһ壬ƺҪʲôһʥشʧĻʱʱ磬ʥطչ˵Īİ
ԭΪݡ
УԺȫʥء
ĩ;ֻмңͬӣҲЩƮˣܻһ죬Ҷ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬ƮɫϸߣӦ̯ģһεɫˮġ
֪ΪΣӦЩΣþóһֱûѹ


1970 ӷľϲ
֮ģˮ߿գ

ƽٶȣ߶ǧͼҶããˮ磬Ϣ㿴򣬵ĵĵӦ飬ɲ°ΪҶȣʲô⡭
ʱ˿̣ҶӦ鴦ںƣΪ
ԭŽĽλ߲񣬻δϲ֮УعоһξĶ֮á
ӦҶţļţȫˣΪʥصǿߡ
ߣؽŮпҲǶ˽ֵĻʯΧһ֣֮Ӱ캣֮ģڣһԵöܰпǿߣδ֡
ݿ϶Ҷȼ߶ǧͼ䣬Ƶͨ壬ϢǱ뺣֮С
ţƾŮǿ󣬲ܸӦĺɣȻԵĿҲԿԽ
ڵĺף߶󣬿ʼУŸոͻĽλԪ̫飬ȻɣҲҪ֡
׷̷ӡ֮ӡ񵤣ҪѾȫĸ߼Դ
֮ǰΪͻУһ룬ʣһ룬ھ侭ɹ
ֻмһ֣Ҳͨһˮôһ㣬ں֮УʱȫʼԶתҶպڵѸΪҶȴɱ䡣
ģҶȴӸոͻƵޣĸо״̬Ԫӽ߶ȡ
ۣԺɵڵӦûκԤףŮӦȻûн֣֮ģ
Ȼûн֣ӦҲల£ٿͻĽλ߲֮ʵٴﵽ߽λ߶ȣѾӵλʱ״̬Ǵﵽǿ۷塣
ٻʥʮˣԼūһ֣ͬ˱̤硣
ȻҪͼٴ֡
ǱĺϵҶѵ֪ͼĶǵѰҶȣһЩǨͼڵˮ
ǻһֱûʲôЩǲţڴͼ粼ǿߵĵ֮УҶȵ˻ҳ֡
죬˾ͼһƯںĵĺˮ
ͷͷǸ߽λΪﵽλλʣµͷҲλĽλΪĺһʮͷ٣ʵ
һӦ֮ҶȿūǵʱȻ࣬Ҫսūȴ߶ǯƺʵһ߼ǣ
ǣˣ
ūʱϺ߿գҶ뷽ʥȾҲһԣʼ׼֡
һɹѪŵūӡΧѪˮȻΪһεѪɫ̬γǧ״ķΧպðѺ֡
ѪɫˮʼٺΪǹЩ޷쳣Ѫɫˮ͸˶
˰죡
ū˫ͫһаͫ⣬ƶħһ㣬Աߵľǣ߶ʮ˷ħպɱȥ
¡
һʥϾ˵ʱѶϡãΪ֮Уʮͷʹˮ档
һ𾪵ļ壬Ϊʲôڴ˺壬޷ܵʹ࣬ͻȻϮ©ƫҹꡣ
ɱ
ǳʮͷĺ
ͷһǺ̬޴ɽɱʹ࣬˵ˮˣˮֻΪһŴ죬ҧоˣԼūڵƬˮ
ĴĹ˴ʵҲﵽλ¡
ͣ
Ĵ󷽣ĺˮ֮УҶͻȻѸײڶ֮ƣ̳һﵽλ޽
ɨĴĺ󷽣ΪλʼһĲӣڶĽλ޽֮ǰǰѸͣȴնĽλͷ­
ӵλԱʱӦ˹˦βͣס޽ֻβϣһۡ
ͻȻɱҶȣȻӰĴһնɱͽλǵϹһ롣
ڰһһ⣬Ҽɱ
֪Ǹķּ
ʣµλλѾŵòţҶȣչѾ˾֮

˹ͷ߲һ䣬ͱһȫɱ
ֻʣ
ɱǣǺǣɱҽޣ
Ҷȷһһֳ
ˡ㣡һͻأ֣һƿǣޱ飬Ҷȿƶʼٴξһ㷴Ҳûˡ
ͣ
ﵽŽλΪĴȻǴͼ£ΨһһŽλ񣬵Уǿһ
ӹﶯұۣѸץͷԴץ顣
һУλλնɱŽλĲ࣬ڴ£ԩ
ҶȿʼսкʬռϧʮͷͻϮʱмͷΪСģʬ壬Ҷûʣ£ֻõʮͷʬ塣
˴ʤȥͻȻȥҲϢ
˳ص֧Ҷһھ䣬ƶʮͷΪӣһ濪ʼ׼һ䣬жٱ
⼸նɱӣʣģҶȰʣӽ뵶ūУȻ䱦
һʱ֮󣬷ֳʮһöö䡣
Ҷȱ¶ЦݣʯһٶڣĴаʯıֵܼﵽڡ
ڲƸҶԽԽһСڸ֮ѰңһЩջ񣬲ҵ鱾Դв̺Щﻹ
һ֮󣬶ʮͷҲɹΪӡ
뿪䣬Ҷӽ뵶ūʱһ
鿴¶΢΢ЦݣԭӷϢ
û뵽ӷԼ󣬿ӷȷ涼Ȱ˻ǿˣִ󷽣ػҲ̫࣬뿪֮Ļص׷ûж꣬˻ӦɳϴһߣҶҪıԴ
ʱ䣬Ҷһ֮󣬱뿪˺֧
ҲɣȻһͨӷµϢ
ҶȵӿٶȷУ֮󣬾֮ˮ򣬲˵ӷߣͨߡ
Էһʥ񣬹ΪȴҶȵĸӦ
߼Ҷ֮󣬺ֱӾͰһöóҶҲʼ۸ߵ˵һʯ
Ҷ붼û룬óڽߣߴ󾪣߸ӷϣռԴ
ͱߣҶȵ鿴䣬ʱ¶˾ϲЦݡ
ӷ¿죬Ȼġ
һжʮԴһбһǴıԴЩƷȻʮͨ֮󣬻Ӥһ֣Ĵ֮Ҷȡˡū档


1971 ūг
ͨԴ޾ǵõĸ߼Ȼȡ
ͨҲһơ
ͨƷʵͼҶȿڶʱ䣬ѶʮԴͳͳΪԴԶҪ߼ıԴס
ʮһʯӷҲһܺļ۸ܺãԿˣҹⲻȥҳСˣӷ˼ӦҲע⵽ⷽ棬ûаѼ۸ѹ̫ͣ
ǮǺãȱǮá
ͨնɱҶȲŴǿĺϣõ鱾Դͨʽ׾ʯʮԴԲƸԽ࣬ܶõĶὥΪˮɵС¡
նɱ۶ĲƸȡҪı
ع麣֧֪˴
ɱڵ֮дҶֵܣոյõʧƽ뺣֮ߣ¿õķݶϧûնɱƽܵʵ·ɱֲõĿʯ׷׶
ô˵֮Ķʮߣոշ¿ɼĿʯ
ôһ˵ҶҲһ̾ϢȻǴ˺ûᣬȷʵǵ¿ˡ
¿Ҷ·ȥ鿴ʵ̫Сһ¿öʮߣõ˵ĲƸɼǿжྪˡ
Щҵġ
ŵһЦȻ˵ٴδˮɳĴѰҵ䣬ʱʱ̿űˮ㣬ҸᣬһΣ
鲻ʵֻҪˮµκǶбʤգкõļƻҶһȥʾͬ⡣
˰ʱִ˵ˮǸϺ꣬ҪףҶǿ֣Ҳǲʹˣǿߵ˿ҾðɣܶĲ·һɹǳ֣ʰ
巨ӣ
ˮɽֵȺˮƻǶߵĹϵǷĿɳ𣬼ˮǼ˲·ֻΪֵܵĵˣʱ֮ĵǿߣһ֪ˮʧȥ˿ɽһʱȥԸ
ð취Ǻ÷ӣ
ҶֽкãǺ÷ӣôһʱû뵽ⷽ棿
ֵ֪ҵȥūгֵܿƵĵ̣ҺϤӵαװɺͨ£αװɺУȻ˽ūгһУٻûɼˮģƻһͨˮʱһ죬Ҳѱ棬ǲǣ
ţ࣬Ҳֻüˮһ϶˫û˺ƤˮҲٵõ֧֣
Ϲ㣬ϸ̸
ͻȻ
ҶȻһգȴš
ʮ֮һ£ϢĺˣԴշ
˼֮Ҷȴźֱӽ硣
ף֮УҶȲ˵ոϸϸļƻҪʵʩǲƻˮֵܵĹϵͬʱԴūгȳͬ
ǰжٵͬĥѡ˵ǵĿǶԸˮ˵ǣȳЩͬ
Եó
ˣƻøɣ֮ǰһţʵٴߣ˴ͼ֮󣬲ſʼֵ֣ܣǰչƻȶԸˮҲһģ
ǵñֵΪУ̫ˣ£ͬͼǿߣҲˡѻƼ޸ˮǵĿģǵһȥūгϤ
򵥣ҵģ
ź˵ϸƻ֮Ҷȱţһӡӿڡ
˲δκηƾӡ룬ȻҶȴһǿҵĺϢֲڡ
֮󣬺˾ΪоԼƤⶼԼϢԪƤ͸е
ȴУҿʼϤɺϢ
ҶȵԸˡūʱ䣬ڴ˾Уﶼȥǡ
ź֮ͷˮϢʼ硣
˴Ҷƹͼˮ򣬻ʮ죬ڵĺˮ磬һ·֮Уо̫ǿĺʥ񼶱ĺ
ֵ£Ȼֹͼһʥ޾ˮ֮У鲼ͼһǿʥ
˾һǿ̣һʱ䣬Ҷȴһ£ﵽͼ֮䣬нʮǿʥ˴ͼҪԸֵܣҪɨһ·кˮ򣬲ֵܽܵĵ롣
һȥ£ڣ˴ĮɫʾҶȿǰ
ֻˮ·һ޴ݵˮãʵһ̵أ봦ȻƯһ͸ģεĳǳء
ʹһ侲ؽܵūгҲǺ֮ˮΨһһǳأΪūԳǡˮȵȵ˷ӣնǰץʿֱӷֵܣֵܣ߽ƬˮΧˮĺԼңԶˮֵܻȥ󶴸нף
һˮ³ǳأȻҲ˸о˼飬𺳣ֵܵϷ󶴸
ͨĺдͼͳƣͼ棬ֵܣֵ滹󶴸
һ̾ҪˮĺǰΣ
ΪһЩҽпܣⷽˮĺͳͳɱǽȥɣ֮ǰһЩαװУ
Ҷִ߶ͨԼ˵һЩءаͼڣԼװ
£˻ʵĺ
ֻҪ̫ĺȻ¶
ūԳǡ
ԽʱŷūԳΧһ磬ﵽʥ߶ȣʵǿˮ磬ĸ߽λʥһ֮У޷ӳ
ΧˮγȻһڲ磬˵ˮռ䣬ˮռǽ磬߽γɼ̲Ŀռ
֮󣬷ūԳǵĵײͷ˼ľ޴ߵÿһףڽʴɣūԳ·һۿȥѳǳ
˰дֵ̣Լɵģ͸һˮƿߵơ
ȷˣϡо棬͸һɿµ־
һֵ̫ǿˣµĵ̣̺ɵ־Ǳ٣ʵҲﵽ߶ȡ
񼶱ĺˮ磬ʵȻܸ컻ء
½磬Ҳס
ʱʱһȺȺūԳ֮УūԳֻڣֱͷſĴ졣
Ҷͷǿһ޴ͷ֮£ͱߣҪǧƷʯ
ǧ򣬷˾ˣǲ
ҶóʯԷÿ߶ӡһպݶ˽ͨսսɫūԳڡ
˵Ľ廨ţƽٻţôĳǳأʯԼһЩľĽҴ󲿷ֶʯٲǶûм


1972 Ĺ
ЩʯҲдͬеһγ״еɽ壬඼һͷͷĺΡ
оūԳǣڲĽһͷͷ޴ĺ̾һѣҶ࣬ϰӵʿӾ𺳲Ȼǵһ࣬ŵĲ
ūԳǽֵҲһںڵʯ̳ɣΧһݻֻʵ
ֵϵĺǳأͷӿҴǻûΣǰֻ̬һЩСĺԱ̬ڽֵ֡
ͨһӦҶȷūԳڲĺˮͨӵˮʣҪ࣬˴룬Ӧֵܴ߶ͨѳǳڲˮ¹ƹһʹóǳڲں˵һá
ūԳǱūгҶȲδūֻЩʯʱּࡣ
Щ඼ֲºеķӡֱֻӱӡʧȥɣֻūԳڲ
˾һֵδκκע⣬ҶȵǸӦūԳǣȻӵʮʥ񼶱ĺеľﵽʮ־˵ĵزʵ֪Խͼٱ
ֵƿصĵ̣ūԳǣκʥǿֻбӡķݡ
ϢȻܶ࣬Լнһˣ
ϸӦҶҪ׵˽ūԳǣڲԼǿж࣬ҲӦš
࣡
׼ȷ˵ūԳӵū
ҶƳˣɫһֱԹ֮Ŀʱʱ˸ţٴūԳǣ뵽ľ
ūԳǣһֱûпǺϤģҶȾһֵǳ롣

ʱҪӽūԳ룬һʯʱڲЦݡ
ǺѰǱҶͲѰˡ
פ࿴ȥʯƺ¥ʣһЩ棬Ժȣܵʳûжٲ࣬;߶ࡣ
￴ȥֻʮͬΧЩûεĺ࣬ڴƣɵū
Щˮһ˷ӡ˵ͳӦһ䣬ʾҶȲҪ࿴עĿ
˼ǰȥ˾ܣڵ֮ж˷ӣ޷ͳƣСʮɰɣˮˮⷽˮ˷ӣзūûаҲ֮࣡
ž
תֽǣӭһ̶ı޴
ǰȥֻһƼ׳Ķǰһͷûεĺһ̵װֳֳޣڱ޴һŮӡ
Ů˫չ·𱻶סƵģһ˺ۣӵ˫ȣǣ¾˰ʤؼŮһ˿ңȫ¶ĺС
һĻҶŭ
˼ʱסҡҡͷ͸ͬķŭǲһ˵ģĿ֮£ҲȲΪ
ŭɶҶȵ˫ȭ߬ÿ֨죺磬ƿҲͰˣһϣҲɥʧ
ϣ磬ʲôܻʲôãҪľǲһŲ˼ϣϣĳһ죬뿪ڰ磡
̾ʵڲٿȥʾⲢҶȼֵǰȥ
㿴ǰýūԳǣūĵطūԳǣ㽻ū뽻ггֱֵܵǿƿأκˣȡ棡
һṦ򣬽ֵǰһ޴ĺ԰ɫá
ָãĮȻؽܵ
ýӦʲô޵ʬΪԭͣɵĹ콨ëȻҶȶԣûκθоȥˣʲô
ȻҶͨӦܼϢԼǧ֮࣬Ҳкüʥ񼶱ĺǿߡ
˰йֱ֮ͨýгȥ
г˿أȴûȡκηãʱʱк룬еĺūгеǴū
гҶȵоİ̾ҲʹǿҵϣҲԹЩū
һƵĶӳÿϰūū鲻ǴͣǾľֻǷϡ
ūϴ඼˺ۣеǾˣеˣ඼ţǲɣŮǷֿģŮΪ
Ҫū㿴
һࡢīɫۼס׵κҶߺȵ
˴ЩֵܵĽǿߣƿūԳǣҲг⣡
Ҫʲôɫ
κҶȿӣƺ˼һҶȻӦ߶һӡӻһץץһʮµŮӡ
Ůݣİˣɫ԰ף뽩ʬûзֱľܵƿأް㷴Ӧ
ͣ
Ҷȵ棬ȻֱץסŮӵ죬һŮӵ£ȫ˺ѣĸɸɾ
Ů˷Ӧʶסز
Ҳ޷ú֣ͣһŮʣµһУڳøɸɾŮһ˿ңľͷսսš
㿴زͦԲָУ
Ϊ˽һ˵ҶȣڣҶȽŮӵزλľٶ
һУΪҶŮӡ
ܾһһ
ʱ˿̣֪վǰƽӣʵڣŭգɱ͵سĵߡ
Ҷȱ̬ͻȻд
ãΪ
Ҷ˼۸񣬺֪Ҫˣһ̸ۣʮڵļ۸񣬰Ů˹
ʮڣһ࣬Ůӣֵֻʮڣ
Ҷ֪Ϊʲôһǲеֶεĺ磬ӵвƸס
ǣűӡŮӣҶȼǰߣÿһӣͻһŮӣȻˣҲỳɡ
ֻʮŮӣٶһ㣬Ҫʶ
ϴ㿴Ů˲ˣ
ոһŮӣʱһͷһȣԭһ¶Ůӡ
ŮӶʮģ񣬰죬Ƥʱʱطһ£ȻȻߵ˾ͷ
һɭʵôôˣʮ˰ɣ
ˣŮˣǻջĻ֪˽תٴΣܡԼУեǵľһ㲻ˣ
ȸһԣܻһ
ľ£Ůߡ
һĻҶˣײ˶ûκɫʵ֪ж
ϧǶףǵ޷Щ˵ˣܾȳʮˣѾǲˡ
˾Ȼ˲ע⣬ذףŮ˵òˣ
ãͷѺһ˺ۣһ롣
ӳһ̿򣬲֪˶
ߣЩūӵϣʵʵ֮٣
׺ڱŭһϹأ
ǼɱˣԻòٺô
һһӽһץūɱǸѪܵӡ
˾ȻԥȥӾſ죬Ȼһ⣬˺سԾ
ֱǰӳԵֻʣ¹Ǽܣ΢΢ﶯѪ˿
һĻгԼūԳǣūԼԣһĹء


1973 Զ
гΪп淨
һĻҶȴ𺳣޷ݴʱ˿̵ĸܣɱ뱻ɱ߶ɼɣΨһеס
ۼͬͬȴΪҶȳĬˣںһѣ˴ʮŮū뿪г
ڳǳҵһϢ֮أźūϢ
˵Ϣʵ̸ƻ
ūԳǷ̣ǿֶ࣬治֡
ֻūԳ涯֣ÿһʱ䣬ֵܣѡһЩڲͬūȥ󶴸ˮūгֻҪ·Լˮݣ·ɱȳūͬȻ˳Ҳͳɹˣ˵Լ뷨
ūԳڣԶ֡
ֵܿɲǴͼʵ޷ģūԳǶ֣Ƕ˲Ȳһ࣬Ҳݺˮȫˡ
ڳǳ֮⶯֣ҲףֵƱػôǿߣѺūʥǿȻС
Ҷڵʵʥ֣ʤ㡣
硣
ǿԿͽʥˣջǺܴȴôעһ¶ҲѴͼ˽
ôû뵽ҪԸͼβɱһһ֣ͼ˽ˮ˽ūļ󣬵ʱֵܶȻŹǵСˣ
ԭ뽩֣ŲҶͻȻһٱ취ǿ̫İ취
ǣ̰뷨һһ˵
Ҳ޳ɣ취ܺãѴͼˮһ𣬸ֵţˮǣеĴȷԿʥˮҲпܣԣôΪնעֻǴһͷУҵһЩ棡
ףھȥˮץһЩΪܣ
²˳٣Ҷȱ뿪ūԳǡ
֮ҶȾץסʮͷһ붼ͳͳΪܣūԳ֮⡣
Ҳʮū뿪ūԳǣҶںɭɭˮϡ
ҶȰʮŮūȴ磬ɣֻصūԳΧˮ򣬿ʼ˼һƻ
⣬Ҫֵ֪ܣʱεأū
Ժ˶ԣͲ⣬֪ʱޣҶȼ˲ʱ֮ڵĿꡣ
һͷŮūԼٵūƺƵ뿪ūԳǣֱˮ
ȻҪȥ󶴸
󶴸뺣֮ĺңԶǺûʮ£Ҳ޷ﵽ
Ҷ˾ԶūԳǣֵˮ̣Ⱥ֡
ƽٶȣūһƬƬˮ
ʵ벻ȻˣҴǵ⣬Ҫ֪ǿǴֵܣں֮ˮ˸ҵ
ںΪ޷ıʵʱҶ˿ĸ
֮󣬺뿪ֵܵˮҶȾ϶֣ȥˮ˭֪Щˮûиǿߡ
˸ıϢһαװĺϢʧˣҶóƣǰնɱˮǿߣģû뵽ڸպô
ҷֻĴܷÿ˶һ£Ҳôˮơ
ٶԼ츳ͨҪӻ
ְѴԼʮͷٻڴҶȿЩ᲻ãǿϧСһǱҶգʵֻࡣ
źҶȴ߶ǧͼٿȻͳǰһٶͷǰˮ֮Ǳ
ҶˣſܷһأҶǿĹ
Ѻūĺͷʥ񼶱ĺǿߣǴﵽͼ̶ֳȵģǿ
ҪãǰʥɹҶ˾ȳһū
õҶȴ߶֮󣬴кʼǰǿĺ

ƺƵһݡ
ڴʱһĺӰͻȻʮˮ뷢ƣӵʥͻϮ

ֵܵľӢʥ̸ӦΧ߶һ硣

ˮ֮Ѹͻн磬Ȼʥ񣬿Ǵʵȷˣÿһý粻ϻζһЩ߲񡢵ͽλ׷Ѫ
ʵǿ֪Ʒģ
һˡ
˱ǰһĻе޷ţּսԭԣʲô磬޷Ĺ
ֻµ壬պץסʵƴʵʲô£ܶԸ
Ҳǫ飬ҷһ޷Ĵͨ˼Ҷʼ磬Ͷȥһɫ
Ҷˣ̫ϻǸߣȴ̺֪ͨˣС
ڴʱʮͷҲɱŴһͬ硣
ɱ
ڲʥŭˣͬʱһƣһɿµˮγ׾Ӹ֮ƣȺɨ

ȻһޱȣҲУǴԾ˵ٶȣһʱ硣
ĸ֣
ʥս⣬ȻӽĴӶ˵Χˮʼӿ״ˮ򣬼ơ

ǧ׷λĺˮͻȻ̣ײ˺󼸲ˮļ̣Ȼﵽʥ߶ȡ
ಣ
һԷ̫ǿˣһƴתʹԥߡ
߾ߣϣʺƣ
ȻŹʱһʮͷһ룬඼Ǹ߽λ߲׷ȥܿʧˮ֮С
ˣ
Ҷвɿһ£˳ǿĺߣʣȻһЩȫҶȵĶ֣ʵǴɱֶΡ
˵˰ʱôЩңԶˮ򣬷ϻҶҪˣͲˡ
ʱȥҪ֣Ҷ˵ͷοҪʥ
磬ûһôλʥʵҪã㣡
߶λʥ˵ơ
ҶȿʼգȻ˫һ֣򣡡
ͻͻͻ
һ޴УȻūʮͷΧγɣǰΧҴĸ߶ȣѳҶλʵǴﵽ˽ʥĸ߶ȡ
ȻҶڻûպλʥܷӳͬʥֻܴͨﵽʮ֮һ
ʮ֮һѾǳˡ
ͻȻϮϢͣ빥ΧҲԽԽˣҶĴܷûɱ˽ȥ
ЩΪﵽ߽λ˽λȻǳصģ򹥻ܶԿҷ󹥻ƻ򣬼Ҫγ֮ơ
ҶһЦ߶ˮںϴ֮С
ͣ
һʱ䣬һЩôһ£ˮ֮£ͬʱҲʮǿ
ֱɱ˼ͷǲźأǿʼ߶ˮͣ仯λãҶҲ޷˿ˮ֮УԦˮչԶ̹
ĿĴﵽˣ˫һ֣һڣҶȼæڣǰٶܾŵū


1974 ԩĴͼ
˿̣γһ˵ķָݣѺūֳ֡
ˣ˾һ
²˳٣Ҷ˳ûڲ

һ̣һˮȻһ𲻿˼ơ
ηȻҴߵ⣿
ǵƣϿӰ
ãǿߣһΪλʥĺ
ͻȻֹһ𺳱顣
ǵ͹ֵܵʵ桭ߣ
Ҷȳû߶򣬻ΪһھˮУһͬˣһͬҶġ
ֻʧȥˮ֮УūֻʣһٶˣΧţʣµһ룬ѳɹҶȾߡ
˵ʱʱ죬Ҷȴ߶ǧͼʼ

ҶڵĿռ䣬ͻأһˮݣȻҶȾͲˡ
ոһһ췢޺ֳһˣʯͷƿնһΧˮ˲侲ֹ
Ǵﵽһʥǿƿ
գ۾ͰΧ׵ˮ׿ռ䣬ΪƵ򣬰ʮͷܾŵĺԼһٶū
޺аɨΧռ䣬ȵÿٶȡ
ǣһһˮ˻ӿƿռһڲɳƣʱɵһôǼˮˣ
ˣ
Ҳ˲Ϣ֮ǰȥ׷ͷʥһҴҵظϻȴûӰӡ
鷳ˣԼɣ
ͶȥһЦ
ͷʥūһ룬ʱŵûæ򜼳£ȾǣˣɲܼȰǶߣƬˮҲ֮У淢ˣҲܵǣ
вҜ෢޺һĺʵǿҲŰơ
Ŀɨ¹ʥԷʱսս
ͷģ¶ӵɫһ˵ˣϾǿˮ򡭡
ˣĸв㡭ұһ˼Ҫǣʼ˵
ճڣͳһ㤡
Ϊ֪ʲôʱ¸һ¸ǹ춫ǴӜϷġ
飬С飡
˲ɱһͷʥǲһģǺŵüæͷ͡
ģֻɱ֮еһˣΪѺߣūˣǶţ˭Ҳ룬ʱ򣬱߸һͬɱ˰ɣ
˵˼
ڻףˣ˱ڹҲٶɱ˼ھ֪ͨߣ
ˣСˣл˾֮
æվһ
ǸոձƿΧˮ򣬲׽ǰʱõĶְƣ׸Է
Ƴ֮󣬵һ̾ˮˣѵǴͼˮ·ߵĻ
һһɻ󣺡ͼǲڱԵǳˮһΪǿǼһǰãūԳǣ˵רױôϹϵ
֪ǽƻʼôͼ£Ϊ֮УͼҲһϵϳ˶ԷôߣʣµˣūҵˮƣǴͼˮΪ
ɣͼеͣƬˮҲֻһһλʥ񣬱㻹ԶҴߵ⣿
˭֪ʵ뷨ţв˽ˮЩ˷˽ºͨߣ˽ū𣿡
ҲŹҲ֪Щڱ£ͼˮӦпܣҲֻںūôеӣߵū
ˮ˵࣬඼ǽƻģ
ˣ
ں뜼̸֮ʣͻȻ䣬һµˮٿȻشˮ
ߣ
ʱϥأ¹ӭЩ͹²
һӰһẓ́գ۾ƯˮϿգдֿŭ֮ûõķ
͵ʧְ뵽ͼˮ˽ƻһ֣ǣһˣٳū
ôֳϴͼˮˣ֮ڵȻЩ⡣
㿴
һӰǴʱ棬Ȼóơ
ȷͼߵĸ֣Ǹ֣ȻҴ⣬ˮ
֮еԸӶŭȻֵȻ鷢ȥץͼҪ
ǣ
ԥͷӦ
ǺֵȲҪȥ
кͷ
̻һ£ʧȥ
վ¶ɵЦݣ߶һ⣬һᣬӺˮ򣬷ʮͷмͷңлһͷʥ񼶱ĺ
ȻЩ
ںڵ֮ķȥ
ˣҪȥδ
ٶȼ죬ʵǿ󣬿ڼ֮ڣܵͼˮ
Ԝߵʥʵ
ˣͼпˮ·ߵūȥץͼȻǴ𣡡
ͼ˹ϵһ㣬Ȼһĵ̣
㵹˵ҵ뷨ˣȥȻͼһУҵģȻǳˮ򣬵ӴĻ࣬Ҳץ࣡
Ӣ
ڜ˵Լ˼ʱԱʥƨ
ͬʱ
Զ뺣֮ģһˮˮ档
ҶĿͣһٶū
Ȼûаȫ˾ȳҲɹˣδ˵֮ͫУȻżֲ⣺̫ˣҺ˲Ŀռ䷨ٶ˾ˣθӲǶĽһ߲ɣȴʥ޷̤磬
˵꣬˺ؿҶȡ
ֻܸ㣬ҵı󣬿һܡ޷ر⣬Ҷ뵽Ӧ԰취
ܣ˸Ӻ棬ƺʣǺεȵĴܡ
˵˵λɽǲϣ֪ټ֮ǳԽʥĴڣ֮ĵߣǰ̶֥㲻ϣ
ͣҶҲ˵컨׹ΪӦΪԭͣԲѻ
Ӧ鱾Ŀɽֻһֱδȥȥˡ
Ӧնɱ˺֮ģǿߣ˵֮ľͲʲô
ϣлᣬܼλǰѡţҲΨһԽҶӵִͨԭ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬ҶȵĴ䣬һ춯
鿴ҶȾ¶ЦݣϢϢ
Ŷһ
Ұڴͼ֮еߣոմϢֵܸոǿߣͼ̣ǿߣΪ
򵥣򵥣ͷǴﵽ߽λʥĺȻλҲͼһΪһˮߣǻֵµǿߣһˮ򣬱ӣΪʵˮ뺣߽֣֮Ҳᴦ·磡
߽λʥĺãĿ죬ҲֿԿˣҶصЦЦ˵˼䣬Ҳѵ¶Цݣʧˮ档


1975 ޶֤
ͼˮ򣬹Χ
ǧγ𺳵ĳ඼ǱγһƬɽ
ߣһڼ׵ĴͼƯں֮ϣİȻڣֻǲϢ
ΪϷһͷ޳Ĝ͸ŵ޷ѹѹѹƣ͸Ƭˮ
֪˫ֶãŜһͬʥһˮʵɶ룿
Ǹ߲ϵˮˣЩϲ£ʱ̵ȴǣ
ڸ˵ףΪĿİɣ
·ΪߣͼòԷʵӰ֮ϣϾߣ̲סʵ
ͼĮɨǧǸ߲Լ񣬵ȻԸ߲Ӷ࣬Ŀ⣬Ƭˮڳĸ߽λʥķ棬ҪԶԶͼ
ĿٿȻڴͼϣ֪
ͼ侲Ӧ¾ͲףԵ޹ʵģ㵽ʲô˼ߵ˼ܰɣ
㲻֪
һ䡣
²ף֮Уͼɹ򶨵Ĵ
ͣ
Ȼ䣬ͼΧˮ򣬿ʼᣬΪˮŤƣͼʱϣɼǵ˺ۡ
֣Ȼֿ
һĻպñ֮ϣôǧͼҶˣУҶһЦš
ǼһĴͼڜǰͬϰζԷ׸ио㣬ЩɶֶΣԸ߲񣬰һʥ̳֮Ȼгɾ͸С

Χͼܵ裬ĸŭ
֪Ǿ仰
Ҫҵ̣ҶɣҲһҪߣԭίָ
ʵ淨Ԝǿ޷սʤͼҲֻίȫҲӣʢˡ
ߣ⵹˵ҵ⣬ҾȥߵģȻ㲻㿴ʲô
ͻȻշһһӰչкǰǴߣ׷ɱһĻ

ǴͼΧϳӰ֮еĴǴͼ֮бһ㵣Ȼǲ˼顣
ͼеףΪΜÿһ䶼ԭ򣬵һͷˮ͵ȻҲ״ʲô϶вΪ֪ԭ򣬴һΣԸһǿʱѱԷƣնɱôܣɳ
Ӹ£мɲ˵ģʵǰҶ۾ܿⲻŪ٣Уͼ㻹ñ㶴ģǴ߶ȥ߰ɣ
ಣ
֪ͼȻתͷĵˮ֮С
ʣһںû뵽ᷢһĻ
ͼ˰ɣȻԶԤϵṷǽӱƤӵߣ
ǿЩˣ
ʥǿȻԵʯٶȣͼȥķ׷˹ȥ
ȻȥԺʲôǼˮĽֶٰйͨ
ǿ߱ȻһɱҶҪȥ֣úһ뿪ӣصĵ̡
߶ߣԼǧͼϣҶϢ׷ٶϣԴﵽʥľٶȣ׷ȥ
׷һ죡
Զͼˮ򣬶Ǹǳˮ

ͻȻǰӿһɾ˵ˮˡ
ǜͼ֣ľơ
æЩˮ˿ɶʥȻСǰͻأһ£ħУˮ벻γɡ
룬ӵˮ֮УͷŻĜ߶ѹѹͼķ
ͼһλʥΪʵҲλϷ뜼̫ԶԷûնɱ˼Ҫ׽ȥֵܡ
ͼƲΣҲӲġ
ҶȸоһɲвȽÜȥֵܣһʣǱػ֪ڵʵԶԼˮݺֵܵػüˮͼʣҴڲλã
͵ʴף
ǰƷչȥҶȿ²ˮһա
Ϊ˹֣Ҳ˽ܷܲŹֵһ
ͼȲ򜼳ģʾ
ǜΪȻͷžѹҪѴͼмһЦ㲻һһλʥΪֻߣʲôߣ²ҵģˣǵõߵķּߣûл·
ֻ۱ֻҲУ
£
ת磡
ͼһģûÜ̬κθı䡣
ͻȻһ𣬵Լüġ
ʲôͨ
ԼѹȻܵڷ֮ʣһըһܴ˵ըͼȫðű棬ǰˮȥ
ȼձҲͨˣÜѻŵĴͼȥֵܣͼ޶֤ˮǰٿĪ磬ֵܲ׷Ź
ں󷽵Ҷȣ˫ͫ˵⣬ͼߣʶôͼš
һһжΪʵˮֵܵū
ಣ
߶ǧͼҶȲϿȥҳֱ׷ͼ
ȻôͼߣٶȣΪ̫ߣٶȣҲǴͼԵòŲæףΣͼҲӲġ
һ׷Ҹ֮ҶѾ׷ϴͼڶԴͼ֣ûаգͼʥδﵽ˽׶ΣһɱԼҲͱ¶ˣԻõȴᡣ
ͼ㻹ӣΪ̫ٶȡʵ㶼ԶԶ
󷽴ЦȻ׷

ͼѵ;ĩ·ĵز
޷תľ£ͼȻһҶȶ벻ľٶ
Ҹƴˣ
ͼͻȻҷȥΪպһƬ硣
㣡
״ͼͼҪ뺣硣
Ȼٶȣ屶ͼɳһɣͷɳɣ˲˼ٶȣ׷ȥ
ͣ
ϧ֮ǰ̫Ϊǣи⣬ۿҪ׷ͼ׾ʱͼѾһУ˺硣
Ȼ뺣Ĵͼٶ˰ٱ޷ٷԾһ磬˵Ǵ粽С
ÿһƤƶˮʴ·ʺѪ⡣
øͼ챾ҲҪץ
ȥͼȻʴɴ˫ۣŭɶԥ˼ӣҲһͷԽ磬ͬͼһܵˮʴҪȴͼ࣬ٷʱάٶȣҲܷУֻСܵٶȣ׷ȥ
ͣ
ͼֻŲɾ룬ģͼıӰٶȣϾҪ׷ϴͼ
ͼͻȻˣһѪð
²޶֤
ˮû뵽ͼΪԻѡ񣬽뺣磬ȫҶȡ


1976 Ϣ
ͼⲻ֪Ǻ뺣磬Ҫܵѹȣɣ߽λʥĜҲֻܲУǿǿʵԼ޷ж
οһһλʥ
Ҷȣ磬ݺᣬȻˣͼ뺣磬ܵѹȣպøҶɱᡣ
Ŵͼʬ壬ҶȻڲż󷽵Ĝ㜼ҲںκβͬҲκβ˜ϾԷλʥ治ҪͷȫʵҲǿԶҶв
ߣҲԜ֣ҪѴͼʬȥֵܻ̣ҜҲҪܵͷ
գҶѴﵽĿģŴͼһˮţԩ졣
ͼ
䣬ٶȣǿв˺ѹͼʬǰģһʬ塣
ͼնɱʧȥ־֮һ㣬ѱˮʴоһƤˡ
ŭµĜͼʬ壬޷ţͼȻװԼǰʱΧȴ磬޷ӦһУκͨҲڱһϹ
֪һɱ˴ͼһǰֱܴ裬һᣬڨڨؾŴͼʬ壬뿪硣
عĜһ±˾֮вģȴ뿪
ಣ
ţҶֳοֻˣû뵽ˣɱ˵Ĵͼְȫ޻˼ˮ
ûȥúϢȡﵽĽλ߲Բ̤λӭӽı굽
߶֮ʧȥ
ūԳǣ
ǳǳ֮ϣڳǳ룡
Ŵͼʬ壬ڶ֮ͨУ̹һµع֮С
ֻعĿռ䣬һͷ޵ĸ
عǰʮ¶Ůӣū룬һƤӣ޷ò
ͨһ¹
ӶҲûһ£ĮȻŭȵñ˵ãץһһλʥ񣬾Ȼʧˣֻһʬ壿
ŵüæͣ˳䲻ɱ˴ͼڣ
˵ԭ򣬶˵ʵȻʧܣҪ֪
ӺȻ΢΢ض˶ұۡ
ŮūǽӡгƳ֮󣬲ٿɪɪ
ž
ž
ŮūĮػӶţһˮߣȥʮͨδо˵ͨƣڜϣһƤĺɫѪۡ
Լһٶα޴֮Ůūͣ
ؿ˿˿ڣĿģʹݣͨ̾ߡ
һ߽λʥ񣬶޷ֵǿⱻŮӣ˵ѪĿ
Ը߱еḶ́ϷӣĿڵƺһжԣ΢

̣ϸ
ͼ飬ΪҪΥķּЩ󻹸Ҵ뺣磬Ѱ·
´ͷβпǼˮͼ󶫴·ˮŶԴͼɱ֣Ͼ࣬ں֮УܵѹȣҪԶԶӣֻʥǿߣں֮У֮ǰɱ˴ͼڣ
²ΣͼˮѲ˸ϵ
γͷˮ
־ǲκƵģˮô꣬Ϊλ߹뷴ҧһڣһᣬȥҼˮ˵Ҫ
ǣ
ĪҪἰͼ֮£ǸûйϵҲΪһͼȥ׷
ɱ
ɱ磬ɱԭʵͲֲ٣Ͳǿ˽СֳĶôһ죿
¶Ѵ°ף
˿ģƣæ뿪ع
ܣĺã
֪ʲôطһۺ
ŮūΧƤӣתʱ¶һֻжʮ£Ӣޱȵģ
ͷţһƤһȻΨһ಻ͬǣҶϲãֻԼĪָֻɫ̽ǡ
ò˭Ҳ뵽֮ģһͳ֮޾ˮˮ֮һ
Īĵ䳰һ磬Ĺʱ䳤ˣҲûһˣ
һˣɱͼģӦòǼˮʱˮϳĿԲǺֻܴǿ˼ˮŵĴ򣡡
ˮԼǸⲻֵ֪ǰԶһҡβĹˣģ֪ôζҪΧЩʵߣԼ֮֮ϵǿߣþӣ֪Զֵܵģ
˵꣬һͲٳ֡
ܰ§Ůū¡
֧
֮УҶڼо񣬴֮УĽλԲ
¹ȥȻ˶鿴֮ԭǱڴͼˮĺ鱨
ͼĵȫˣǰһֲ̣ǿмͷ߶ǴﵽһλʥĺȻͼĵ̡
һʵۣһ
Ŵͼ֮ƬˮҲı䣬ڶ֮˭ǵã֮ǰһߣΪͼ
˾ͺãǸõūˣ֣ڿûᡭ
ҶȻˣõūˣüɵαװɺһ֣úʬ壬սĲƸ
뵶ūܿ;ۼҶҲĴܷһͬ뿪磬ˮ
֪ˮûж
Ҫȫͻλ߲й֮У˿ʼȡϵ
˻ظҶȸо⣬ˮϳδʲô쳣ƺ緢Ĵ£Լˮû˿Ӱ졣
ˣֻмȥ
ˣ
֮УȻ䣬ҶȵĴ˶
鿴֮ҶȾ¶˾ϲЦݣ޾ϲڲŻӦ
ԭǾ޾˵춯޾˵ڸ֮ĵ;У˶ãͻҶԼʱ䡣
޾οֻٸ߼Դ
ͨնɱôƸΪռ౾ԴΪԴԽΪƷ
ԴҶȻӶ֮࣬ǰӷõͨԴʱѾȫΪԴӣָ˾뵶ūڵĸ߼ԴٶҪͨṩԴ
ˣ
δӾ޾˵ĺϢع֪˵Ҳжˣʮа˾ţˮһжˡ
Ȼ߶򣬺˼ʹˣڼˮϳ֮Уֵ⣬ҪԼˮ֣ٸϹⳡϷҿʼҲҪҼ֤
á
ҶȻӦ֮󣬲δԵж⣬ˮҪֵţֻǱԤ֮У˼ˡ
һӲкϢҶã׼һ֮ٷȥȥ˻ϡ


1977 ׷ɱˮ
Զ뺣֮ģλڸˮ硣
ʮϢ߶ǧͼҶȣƿնҲӸ߿ֱ֣ҶָǰһƬֵĵȺˣǜˮϳƬ̹˫ͷɱˮ£ɱ֮У
ͻȻҶȾ÷̫ˡ
ͦͻȻҲˮˮȻֵ̣ܵҲԼߣ֪ˮһһѵ֪ͼɱ˷ȻҲҪԸ
ˮϼ޻ɲǴͼֺᲢ۵ģκη紵ݶܶϤЩԿ֮Ĳǿߣ޷Ըбԭ֤ˮĲ
ǰˮȻɱĲɿԺˮٵõֵ֧֣ܵûпܻȥ
ǰڜУˮ³ȴͼҶˡ
ǲ㶯Ľ磬ԶΪԼͨȻӦڲըԼŨɱ־
Ϊ˫һֱ໥ɱȥ֪һ˵ˮϳʼըݡ
ಣ
һٶʿǱشӱըγǰɳ죬߿նȥ
ˮܲˣ
ŭĺݵĵд
ʮ죬Ȼڱը
ȻȻγɣӦǼˮͲúõ壬죬Ϊһ壬һˣϴҶϣڼˮϣ֪صˮ磬Ҳѱ
˲ĵصˮӴˣֳɥ֮Ȯϧô֣ԼΪ׷ȥҲɱ
ͬҶȣεɱҲ볹׳һ֣ԸֵܲŹģ֮ĸ·֪ϵ飬кܶˣҲû֣ˮʱ䣬úעˮ;ĩ·ʱٳҲ٣ǹϢй¶ȥҳ֣
ҶЦ͸ΪеĽթ
ˣ㴫ƽܵϢһתҶ뵽ƽܣ˳һˮһҪȫͻƣȻʼ֮ġ
һУȻҪƽܿʼ
˵θҴϢһιҵģƽܻɳѰҵ䣬ڶ˵ƽƺһߣм棬̸ʲô£ϧ޷ȥϤĻ
ʱרĹעˮҾͿʼעƽܶٵȵȣȜں뿪ȥˮϳܲܵõһЩ
Ҳպд뷨
һβıϣ˰ʱʮͷĺǱ뿪棬ص֮С
Ҷ˺̤棬Ѱұ
ҵһЩ֮ҶݱʧˮϿա
֧
ҶȻȫĿʼС
֮ΪȻﵽĽλ߲ԲʼĽλ۷壬ͬʱūҲˡ
˻ˣҲҶҪĶ
ȾǺʬ塣
ж٣һٶͷϲλ֮䣬жʮͷ඼Ը߲Ϊϲ٣һʲŵ֪뵶ū崦Ҳһʱ
ٶȣǰһżһ֣һɱһܶʱ䣬ɱô
һٶߺʬ壬ȻҲһٶö䡣
֮ҶȰ֮ǰµĲֺӡԼӡ֮иոıԴӣָңôȥޡ
䡣
һ޴Ĳ¯Ȼھ֮УͲõʱ⣬㹻ʱ䣬ѺʬȫԼдĨ֮󣬲뿪
ҪѲʱ䣬ԣҲֻǹȥˡ
һٶߺʬ壬Ѳ¯ȼϴȼ
ſʼĨһٶöĽƣǴ󹤳̣ҶʵҲﵽλ߽λ֮䣬㹻ʵһʱ䣬д
һΧд䣬߶ͨʼ
ʮʱ䣡
˵һʧһٶö䣬޷ӡϢģƯҶǰ̷һٶ벻֮ͬС
ȥҶȲŻۣ޷εЦݣʯʹﵽǧڣˣֱؼ಻ʤţҲﵽ˵ջ񣬴ﵽǧ֮࡭
˵֡
ǧʯ˲ӵˣǶʥһӶռıֻһЩˮֵʥ񣬲ӵ㣬ĲƸ
ĿҲһɽҶ̴߶Ʒʼ࣬
ǧʯöռ䣬Ĵ䣬ҲװٵʯԼؼ
ǰƷ꣬ʮʱ䣬Ͼ̫࣬ҪҪľ˵Ԫ뾫
ſʼһٶöʣµ𽥹ͬһö䣬ǷɳһҶȾҪϸӦѰұԴ
ˣ
ܿ죬һ鱾ԴͳˣˮϵֻƷʺͨһıԴ
ſʼӦ𽥵ģڶļԴ̱ԽԽࡣ
֮ƯҶǰ
ټӵǿϢıԴЩ񵤣ԼӣָжҪģұʮԴԴʮ
һϵʯ߼ŨҲϵĻϵԴϢ
ϵб޾ĸ߼Դǲڵģڵõôһ߼
֣Ӥ֮Ʊػӵܾ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ıԴģȻӤգԴģϿʼΪԴӡ
ҵǧڲƸ̫ˣμ޾ˣһҪ๺
ֻҪˮͲȱٲƸ
һһٶߺʬ壬ҲƽҶ뿪֮󣬾Ͱһӣָ뵶ūȻһ룬ÿҲõʮ£㹻ЩУԼÿһűԴӡ
ôˣ
ʼУĽλ۷壬ǸպãӦͨ崫
ԭӵƽܵ񣬶ǹغҶĿǰںһˣˮ
ˮ
ȻǷƣƽ֪ˮ£ҪԼˮˣǾõĻᡣ
ҶҲҪ׼ͻλ߲񣬱϶Ƶ
صƵͨ尵ں֮󣬻δʯϢã˴ȥ깬
Ѿһٶˣ֮У⼸ǵӣ󲿷ֵĻߡ
Ȱ
˳κΣͶ˵ļǰǸ߸ϣ
شҶ˵ˣں֮ģ𶯵ϢˮԭǺ֮˷ӣ޶רŷǵͬ࣬ףڳλֵܵѣ˵ˮʧпܾУոٿۻᣬǵӣԼȫˮѰҼˮһڲв䣡
£ʼǵֻ׷ˮټʵǼˮĶ֣ҵټǾǵɷΪʮӣÿһʮˣǰͬˮҪƵΧ죬ҲѰҼˮ


1978 λ߲
֮һƬˮ̫ˣ궼ˮûᣬǵǷּˮϢɻؽ
˵ֵҲҪСģĪҪΪ˴ˣҿԸֵѣβǵһҪˮǺ֮ߣҪһ֣ͬεôˣ
ǣ
һٶӦȻܿΪʮСӣһһɳ졣
֪ûаϢߺˣ
Ҷž֣Ƶϵ
˺ܿлӦԭһ磬ͰϢ굹ʵδˣۡ
ҲڴֵܣѰҼˮټˮϺ꣬ں֮ݺ꣬ȻͰź·֪ˮ֮Ужִ֮һ
ĪżֵҲ֮һ߶˺򣡡
룬ƽЩ֮ߣżѰҼˮ䣬֪Ҫԭ򣡡
Ī滹ģ
֪ˮ꣬뺣֮ĲߣڣΪ˷ӣ˽ЩߣҲˮϵ˵˲ˮ֣նɱ
˵뱣ɣ
ôӺ֮ľ˵ô֮꣬ÿߣʵһߣнưԺ֮ģҪһͳ֮ģһ棬һЩֵϵȻҲֵ֪Ҽˮ˿Ҫץסˮֵܣһ㣬еߣõˮôռıΪ˷ӣȻž˵ĲƸƱõһУ
벻棬˸ӣ
úһҶжʱһéٿ֮С
֮ǰЩ̫͹ƽܣ֮ĲǼ򵥣һռһô򵥣пܣ棬ǣ̸ڣÿһߣŲ򵥵ֶΡ
ŪЩߵıܣпɱһһ鷳˼ƻԭֻԸˮְѴͼˣ֮ľƶ
ȻԽҶȵȴĻҲԽԽϣˮҪô챻ֵܵõǱǿնɱ
ţ֮Ĳңˣ˭Ѻ֮Ľ룿
оϻˮ㣬ˮ㣬岻õ㣬ͺñȺ֮ģ̫ƽˣҶл֣˷粨˶ңĻŸࡣ
ģˮôȥҼˮ
֮ҶһСӣͣѰһƬƬˮ򣬵ûзκʲ·ʿ
˶ʱʼԹ
ĪҪһϴ鷳ˣ㻹룬ּˮ
ԶԣЩֵܣ㷢˼ˮôȥˮǺ֮ĵİЩСආжٶɱģ
ֵ⻰˵صˣûүǧĪҪˮ
˱ԹҲ̲סԼе
Щ˶Ǹ߲ԼҲֻǸ߽λ񣬿ʮںʵ㲻ˮ
³ֻһգ۾ͻᱻˮɱһա
ж߶ݷҲˮ
һѰȥ֪ȥʱ䡣
ûջ񣬶СҲûκη֣øСԼϢʱ䣬Ҷ֪Ҫˮ֮УѰҵˮǲܵ飬ҲûŶϣ˭Ҳһˮ
Ȼ귢ˣȻϢ˭ԸȥȣһǰһˣˣѰ·
ҶСӾСӣңԶպһƬʯʮһղòʯȺУֻǶʩչϢС
ʱͻƵĺûᡭ
ʱ䲻ȥȻҪץסλ߲񣬳˲ע⣬ҶʩչͨһӵԼѪϢĿܣϢСý籣˸оҶһֱϢ
˸ͨѲһԿģʥ񣬶ˣǸ߲Ҳȥţ֮еҶȡ
һУҶȱ߶ǧͼʮη֮֮֮ˮȻ׸߿ա
þ㿪ʼӡȫԪս֮ᡣ
ͨ壬֮ǰѾ໥ںϣﵽƽ⣬ҶȿϿʼͻơ
ﵽĽλ۷壬һԪȻˣӿս𵤣γɴһƬԪͬʱҲȼʼԪ
ʱܽȣЩػߴҲֻмϢʱ䣬һֱʲô¶ɣҶҪ⼸֮Уͻλ
һʱᣬҶȫͶ£ԪڻΪһɴС˫һᣬ˵ӡâ
գۣԪͻΪһţһߴԴ
ĿԴԱߣֶһԴ
Դɹᣬǿλ߲ı־һ飬Ҷ޷Ԥġ
̳֮Žű飬ҶѾɴһһֱԴ
ಣ
ʧ֮еҶȣȻȥ߶ǧͼصʯȺ
Ȼžģ
һʱ䲻Ϊߵ˶ûȻԸǻһ𣬼ˮ
Ҷڳʮ֮УΪͨΪҲģעĿԼڰм˰ϵ
֪ܿ˴ǿߣ˼꣬ҲδҵˮټǿߣһѰҼˮ
֮ˮĿǰڸżˮת
ˣ
Ȼ䣬˶
鿴֮Ҷϣ¶⣬üһ̾ôӷĪҪҴԴ
Ҷֵܣ֮ı£ڼˮģ֪߶洫ӷ
оĳﻨĵطһͷ羰һҶȶԻ
ҶȵӦҲڼǰ֪ģǼˮַˣں֮ĸѰҲƽܵķּѰˮ䣡
˰ʱӷ𣺡ˮʵͬһ㣬˵ʵҪǿƽܣں֮֮УѾʥ֮Уվһ֮УǧҪСģ˽թգ޳ܣ׶Ըˮ˷ӲܹĿɳǳĺûᣬҲϸˮ
ӷҲҪ
ͦ⣬һˮѺ֮ĽˣҶֻӦһ䡣
ӷĴҶȶСģʱͻ֮ģʱҶȰ档
ûᣬҲߵĸعӷ֮ĵȻǺһܰæնɱˮҲӷѹϵĸһ
ʮγһΣѰš
ʱΪߵתˣãжֵܣ롮ħĦӳ̸ϹȥԮ
ߣ
һǰˮȥ
ħǺ֮ģʮ֮һģƵҪһЩ뺣֮ĻȽңԶҲڽϽһ죡
ҶȷڼĩλãھħŴ˽⣬Լ֮ĵ죬Ҳ˵
֮ĶʮĴߣټ棬ȻǼ棬һҲ֪֮䣬ʱʱ߶ħƵǽڣϵ˫ȴĦͻȻ


1979 һʮԴ
Сһи֣ٶȸϵƵһˮϿա
ͼʿ֡
ԷʿȻҲһڼףڼ֮ϣǶɫͼڣƵʿ
֧Ԯˣ
һʿǵһ֧СӣֻʮˣԷʮˣ֧ԮʿһӾͱ
Էħһڸ֣ҲеѹԾħ巽ҪǿƵʹЩʿ޿֣һͷǿߵ⴦ˮǾħѰΧ̤һݹǲ
֧Сӻϣ˫ΪߵΪʾĺȵſڿӣȵһ
ԷͻȻһӣǼɫβͻˣֵǣȺȥ

ʮʿͬʱ̳гìһɺϻƣͻȻ
ӳãħˣˣ
ԷͻȻ֣ϲƵһʿæˣͬʱֿϻƣγһɹɷ籩
ɱ
涸Ȼͻ䣬ħļʿ׷׳˳

޴ʵȻҲ޷⣬֧Сǿߣ˳ˣǾħ֣ĻŹˮĻᣬ׼׷
ܿξͱɢʮ˱ʮ׷ɱһʱ˭Ҳ˲˭׷˷Ӵܡ
ҶҲ׷ɱʵ˲ɱ˲⣬صǣֻһ֣ͨչֳʵȻ˻ɣҲֻ߿ȥ䣬ѼЩˣھħ׷ɱ֮¡
֮һ죬Сģɱʲô˫˵ʹں֮ģɱżʡ
ֻϧЩ֣ͨҲǰ߼棬ѼҲͻˣǣĺ޼ֵ
ˡ
ҶװŰ֮ʣȻ˶
Сѣѵ֮ģ
ԭǾ޾˷֮ģһˮλҶȹȥ
ͷȥԾħĸ֣ɶ׷᣺֧Сӣο¼Ҫնɱͳʱ䣬ȥ޾ˣԺٻƵһһû⣡
ҶȾɵĻᣬȥ޾ˣԺΪɣ˵꣬һж˵Ĺȥ
Ҳ˿ƣʵڲУ¶ݣɿԻصƵ
֮΢΢٣ʧƲ
䣬ͰѾħĸ֣˦ԶԶģȻž޾˼¼ķλ֮ĸңԶˮȥ
֮ԶԶ뿪֮ģλãֵƿˮ󷽣һˮ棬˶ԣ·Ǿ޾ڵˮ
Ծˮ£ʮˮڰ֮Уһ΢΢һĴɽƯںˮ֮УɲǴǾ޾ѱӴ
ҲӦҶȵβͷתҶȣȻſ졣
ĶζҶһͽ뾨ʳ֮УһУθʱ޾ƶ֮߳΢΢֡
֪ΪΣôʮ겻޾ˣټϢ֮УоһƮо
򶴸ȥ;УҶϰߵز׽ΧϢȻ֣޾˵ϢЩİ·ǳһƮƮȻ޷Ӧ
ʱϷҲյã
޾黶ӭҶȣһͬ븮ۡ԰¡
һ֮󣬾޾˱һҶȼĺϢδ˲ٱԴ
ж٣޾û˵ͷһ⣬һԴ֮͸
ʮʮʮ
ûнԴԽԽ࣬ҶѼվһԴƷʶͨȼԼռĲࡣ
ͣһٶԴĿƯҶǰ޾ЦһһʮԴͨģռѣĿǰֻô࣬㻹Ҫ࣬໹Ҫʱȥռ
лǰ
Ҷ̲סһʯ
޾˸ָͷ˰ڣ
ˣ˾˵֣ҲƤɫû˿仯
ֻʯ˰ڵȷǸֿ֣Դһʮд󲿷֣㲻ııԴռһ룬ֲǸ߼ԴҶȿڶʱӤա
һ£Ӥ˾˵ᷢʲô仯
£ҶȱӴ䣬滽ʯ飬޾ûϸ㡣
ҶҲպһʮڿһ̵ʱ䣬һбԴӤգ
ǰûи߼Դ𣿡ĴգҶЦ˻ڰ˰ʯʲôҶԺֲϵס
㻹Ҫ߼Դ
޾һ΢΢̾ҪοҪһʱ䣬ϵıѾˣУһЩϡеľ᲻÷ְ
ӲãǰνļֵΪʿṩʿȡǿļֵ
⵹˵࿼ǿǣô꣬Щɶʱ֮ҲԴȺԼռԴֻǻѵʱ䣬ԼҪڰ꣬꣡
Եȣ
úãˣ֮ģôоֵܵĵ̣ʼܵѲʲôź֮Ҳ鷢
ġ
ɣ˿ʼļ֮Ʊ仯
Լһ֮ҶȾҪȥȴ޾ѹüͣҶȵСѣи֮룬ææҲֻܰϣ
ǰ££ֻҪܰϣȻȫԸԭ޾⵹ҶȺ⣬ΪӦûʲôѵ
޾渵֮ƬˮЩ෢ֲٲر֮أϴεĿһθһԭΪ˸һ棬һżӦо˵ıأϧ޷ʱ֮УǴżںӵ׷֮£кˮѹҲеѹ
ˡ
һ룬ҶȾԷ⣬ȻںˮݺƣżΪ޾̽Ѱλõȵȣͷһԣ
ãʹ죬֮£˺ֻҶСѿ԰ﵽæһɹı֮һСѵģ
ôԣ
ʲôԵģϷֻǷȴûҾǺȻҪõӦõõģ
ʱ˵ɣ
ھ޾ˣΪҶȴԴԼҲΪˣҶȾҪæ
ĺ޾˸ҪıԴҼ۸νҶҲó⣬ܰͰʲô󣬾޾һɻΪҶ취Ū
޾һֱ͸΢Цʼܵ⴦żϷǰ⴦ˮѰʱֵģʱ޷ɣҪԭ򣬵һҲҪģǰһ̾ţǨˣʱϷʵδﵽܽżĸ߶ȣ
꣬Ҷʱ䣬ӷ絽磬Ҳ꣬޾ǰվˮǿߡ
޾ֽйżһЩѶϢ֮߶ʱ֮Ҷ߳죬ǰ·һƬ棬ı棬΢΢ƹϼֳ̨


1980 Ҫʲôʲô
Ǽ̨Ӧһʯʣڻ޷
޾˼Ԧͨվһɫ֮УȥҶûд߶κν磬ڴ̹ǵĺˮ֮ߡ
棬ԭʲǫ̂һĵķӡΪǾֹ״̬ȥһƽ̵Ĵʯ塣
ž޾ָһӡʼϢȻһҺڰ׵ڡ
ԭżӡѱ޾˿ơ
޾ҶһӡڣȻһ̤ͨҶȺŸȥʱоӡǾʳҸѹʼ
Ų½Ҷȶо޾ٶԽԽ½ʮף޾Ѿ޷ټ½һ֡
ʣµȻҪҶȡ
޾˶һҶȶϷͨ½Ҵ߶һһɾĿռ䣬ԿΧʯγɵķ棬ַ棬澹Ҳ˿˿Ϣ
ӦǰеţȷǾ޾ףּԦ߶ȴڲͬĵز߲񣬱ӵɳ֮󣬻ﵽྪ˵ĵزꣿﵽʥ񣬵ʱһΪʥһλֲ֪ٱ
޾˽·ֻʣȭͷСĹ⻷̾һֱ֮ʧż£ܵѹȣƺԣж
⴦żȻϣ
һʱ֮
ҶѾ׷ײǰһţ͸µĹϢǰӵһʧĽơ
ƣС߶ٿȻңֻﵽʥ߶ȣӽƵڲϢҶѸӦƬƱǿϢӦҲֻڸ߽λʥ
Ҳ˵пܣǰˣһ߽λʥ񣬻һͽλ
߶𽥽ԼԪӿ֮УƾǿƿпܣΧٴݵΣա
Ȼǹ־˵ķ棬û֮գżһҪٿס
㻨˼ʱҶںϳɹͬһ̣֮Уתۣվڹ϶ǰ

Ϸĥġ
ͨĵϢҶȸоһɣ޷ӦĹ־⼸ֵˣȻⶴˣϢӦòʥ񣬶һ
ˣ
ƿţ೾ɢŴŶҶǰһƬƺ磬Ǭ
ƺ֮УܼκڲӰӣⶴȻǲ򵥣һԶŵ񣬷涼ҪԽ
ͷŸӦʱһ亹ԭΧĽ󷨣󷨣֮Уһͨ붴ͨ
˸ӵγɵĽƣо鷳ˡ
ҶȿʼԥΧоԹϣĪͨߴһ鷳ˡ
ֵ̫ã֪ⶴ֮ʲô淢⣬УҶȶԣֱѡ
ֲһĻӦΪͦǿŮʱĳ޷ﵽʥ̫Ӧ飬ҲǶԼĲ
ˮĿľΪǿʵҲʵĵطҶҧȻͨСȥ
ͨһԲεİͨΧҲǰƣǺȻ̬Ȼ涼һ㾪˽ƣȻϹŶû߶ȣҲи߽λʥĳ̶ȡ
Ͻͨ;ûκη֣ܿ죬һĨ⣬ǰֶ
һһǰ֮ͨС
֪ʲôȷһͷŶ⣬ʹǿҵĹϢ
Ҷܺͷż֮УȻб
ǰҶ̲ס߶ƣѹ⣬ֻ棬һ飬ʰ쵵ʯ
ʯ֪жϣ͸⣬Ϣ
ҶȶʱŴͣò˼飬Ӷ򼤶ʼɵĲбԴﰡҲ֣ںΪһֵľ
ͷֹâʯ͸ŵϢǽľˮУֱǶ컯γɵľȻںһʯһõӤֱգһںӤٴ
ôһ飬ҶȿȷԴӤ췭ظı仯
ﰡ
Ҷȼץʯôһ鱦֮ǰõбԴΪʯ͵õͬԪһ㣬ֱա
ˣ
ץסʯҶȰ֣Ѹо͸ž˵бԴ̾ñǶ飬˵꣬һ꣬Ҳţ̤ʥ񰡣
ˣ
˭֪Լͷոӿ֣ǿڴţеʯһΣ̴ǰͨͬ
ҶһȻϲݺͼǰգʮʯһһ飬Ưţͬӵ֮ǡ
ѵβɣôࣿûУ
۾ƺһж̫ʵȻô಻ţ̺֮ʯʮ鰡
֪ոһ̾ʮʯΧֳʮʯʯԽԽ࣬Ȼʼ죬ֻͨʯ¡ͷϡǰңƺͨʧˣһʯǶ硣
ֲһҪõԴ
֪ҶжԶжһ˫۾Ҷȣ𺧱飬Χʲôûеƺͨ
޾ֳȻʲôҪԴҪռıͨһѵ뿿ԼŬ֮մﵽ֮УͨУΪػ֮һߣ
֪ΪΣҶȼʯ磬Ǿ޾ˣֻһͨ
˵еĻ壬ЩʣֻߣͨУΪߣԹʿ̤֮׷ߵĵ;Ǵ֮УֻһˣЩΪߣջʧܡøˣҰ׷ǻֶΣϣܳԽұĿ꣡޾¶ĪЦݣͻȻһ䣺ǡĻþȻһۣСԺͷӿֳһǱʶͻûԷҪıҶȣ߳⡮Ļþ֮𣿡
ܣôӵ֮ʯ
ھ޾ˣ˵Ļþ֮УҶļ侲¶һɵĿ⡣
ʯ벻֮ϣֱڣ
У¶ڶΪߵʿ˵֮͵ı
ڣһʯͲˣôֳô࣬޷Ƶʯ
ܣʵ
ҶȻر˫ۣ֪䣬Լһֵ֣󷨣ǽ֮ͨУĳһͷľһ֣ʵĻþС
ˣֻ⣬ҵһϣǱԴûıԴʯͳˣ֮õʯ綼ʯ֣ѵν
뵽ƶϣĻôֻµı仯
Ȼͷһͷ
ֻеʯ𽥻Ϊһͷͷ޴ĺһͷһͷɷİΧҶȣ·ҪҶչ


1981 
Ȼˣ
Ҷˣͨӡ֤Ҳõ˽ۣʲôʯһ֣ԻĶ
Ȼ򣬲Ͳ֪塣
𣡡
Ҷȴץеġʯ
䣡
һʱʯνʯұըΧһлûĺͳͳʧ
ȻָֻƺֻͨǲҶüˣոմ߶Ҳ󷨣
䣡
ڵƺͨʼζҶȴʱһڣֱˣˣΧǽƣڴ߶˶ڵĽ磬ýʲô仯
СΪ˱ΧĽ磬֪Ϊһ顰ʯһʱ⣬ʧȥΧơ
ͬʱ֣ڵƺͨΧ𶯣ʼŤҪʧ߶ٶȣͨͷһˡ
ٶٿ죬ҲȲϽ仯ٶȡ
ڵƺͨΪѪɫȻΪһޡʺͷҵѪܵѪǰ˾ȻſѪ졣
ɲǻû
ಣ
ҴǴ֮УӿһͷѪܵѪˣֳѪ֮ΧҲûѪˡ
Ǵ߶󷨵ĺ
ܲˣֻЩѪˣ
Χʧһڵƺ磬ʱΪһѪɫƶħĴڣǧǵѪˣΪѪǴΧ
޽
һץ޽ֳǰһѪˣһ̳
ȻѪֻ̬ûʶ޽ٶȣ޷ӦһҶȡ


һѪ壬ѪȻ䣬ʼ飬ΪѪɫĩҶе޽Ҳ˼ѷ졣
ǿЩѪ˵Ļʵﵽλ£鷳ˣѪˣʮѪ˲ʲôǧ֮ѪˣҪһĵ
ȻһͻһѪˣ˲ΪһֻһѪʵǾˣ֮࣬һһٸҪѪˣͲˡ
һҶȵʵӦ֮䣬λ߲ӵλʵʵںţ
Զ޾ͥŲһ㣬עҶһж
䣡
Ѫɫռ䡣
һѪˣ޽ţȻͬ߹һ顣
ҶֶΧȻѪΧٶȴﵽͽλٶȵˣ̫࣬顣
ʱǰһѪˣҶѲʮףһץ޽ˣһڵĹʥǹ
䣡
һǹ̳ѪˣҶֵͨҲ޼᲻ݣ
ִ߶ԪҶȾ˵ٶȣͬӰѪΧÿһһ̳һѪˣȻ飬ΪѪɫƬԨ
λܣѲҲģҾͲţǧܣԸ
޾ԽԽе˼飬ΪоҶƣģһֱʢս״̬ɱѪǿܣϰѪ˻ҶС
޾һֱţΪҶչֳǱԽԽ޷¶ȡ
Ѫɫռ䣬ҶȲɱѪˣһһ£һƬһƬʧɱѪ֮ҶҲеԲˡ
ûûˣȥûô뿪󷨿ռ䣬ܰ鷳
ҶȾǿѪ˽֣߶֮ϾٶȣѪ˰Χ֮Уʼʩչ֮ԿռƿأԼĸӦʼӦѪɫռ䡣
Ѫɫռܴ󣬵ֺСֻһռ䣬ҶڸӦռĵط
Ѫ˿ʼ׷ɱҶһܣһӦ֣ЩѪ˿ǿܣû˼άӦȫġ
Ӧˣ
һѪɫǰ⴦󷨿ռ䣬Ϊĵطʩչɷ򣬴ڼڣԳɹ뿪
˳ʱ䣬ҪΪѪɫռ磬ﵽ߽λʥ߶ȣķӡռ䣬ͨĽ磬Ҫһʱ䡣
ʱѪ˴Ҳ׷
ܷ
Ϊȡʱ䣬߶صһͨ
ಣ
Ĵֶܷÿ˶ֳֹʥǹޱ飬ķɱ
ܣĿܰһʵλ񡭡
޾ڿռĴܷ棬ͷĸӦעĴܣһ̾ˣøĿַĸܾԼЩѪǿܣһգͳΪ֮
ողŽλ߲ȫż֮С
ĴܷʱΪҶȡһʱ䣬ѿʼʩչɷաͬѪɫռ磬ԪԽԽϡ٣Ҫԭǰòͻλ߲񣬲Ԫδﵽˮƽһͨδﵽλ߶ȡ
Ҳ˵ʵӵп߽λ߶ȣܷӳֻܴͨﵽλ¡
ﵽλ߲״̬ҪǧѪˣǾͼ򵥶ˡ
ʱҲֻܾȴں󷨣š
Ĵֱܷסĸ򣬰ѪڰΧҺÿܷʵﵽλʵѪˣֵܵһӡ
ԪҶҲ޼ɵ߶ͨʱѿʼ߶ͨ壬ͣԴںϸʼҶȱ͡
ҶҲڰոڲ֪֮Уﵽ˵ٶȡ
һԽսԽƣҶȴԽսԽ͡
ܸСϢᣡ
ڣڰľ޾̲סˣִһ⣬ȻѪɫ֮УͻȻһٶѪˡ
ţôѪӣһʵȻﵽλ
һжȻҶȣֻ֮ڣ֮⣬Ҳһʱ˽⣬Ϊ⴦żķ棬ȫԽҶȵʵ̫࣬Ҳһš
һ£߲٣ЩﵽλѪǿ˵
ҶԿܷʵмϰѪˡ
Ƿӡںһֵ󷨣һٶѪɱ߶ͨһ޽γɽֱϯȥ
䣡
ʱһƬѪ˱ݻ٣Ѫ˻Ҷȶֻ֣̫ˡ
Сôһʵˣ
޾˾һʵŪĲ֣ҶӦĵò֮࣬ǰ

Ѫɫռһ
ͻͻͻ
ﵽλѪ˽ٶȫһ֧ѪǾӡ
ѵż֮Уǰµڿ󷨣
ҶȼٶѪǴΪƣ̫࣬ҲԲȻ䣬еΣƺսԽǿѪʵӦҲ仯
żȻ
Ȼǣ
ʱǲ뿪ˣ֮£ҶֿʼڰУͨȻѾгʱսĴ㣬Ҳб󷨵׼
ҶܷϣѪ˽֣ҶȶԸﵽλ߲ѪˣĽܷȻЩæңҲоգֻڲġ
ôѪǿܰɣǻܼסһס
޾һʧģȴ¶οӦǰȷûˣᣬвľֶΣԽԽ˼飬棬ܲ׼Ĳؿ£һϣ֮·


1982 ͻλ
ԭƻ£뿪Ѫɫռ䡣
ڣѪǴɱ־ս״̬֮У֪͹ȥʮꡣ
ʮڣһֱܷѪǴɱѪһǿ󣬹ؼ֮࣬ҶҲģ֪ĶĴܷṩҲ޷׷ٶȡ
м䣬ܷԼĵò࣬ҶһδΰУҶһ֮ĳ̶
ʱѪǴֻʣʮ֮һһٶѪˣҶȿΧѪɫռ䣬ûµѪǴ֣ʩչӾ˵ͨ
һٶѪˣȥ
һԾҶȱĴܷһ㣬עǿܷ֮УԼֻص֮ǰӡѪɫǰʼںϽ硣
ʮս
ͬʱӺս˳ʱսȻľ˵ս飬Լȥλͻλ߲Ҳָտɴ
ͨ壬֮мУӿ뱾ڣҶҲڿʼżռĹԪϻָɴӡ֮Լ񵤡
ʼ㼯ڱڣΪ𽥴ﵽλ߲״̬ͬʱҲڲԲ
֪ʲôΣգ
ǽѣҶȾ뿪żռ䣬ĿǰҲܣѴ߶󷨣Ѿ֮УѪɫռ䣬ֻһռˡ
Ϊھħ֮˰ɣ
ʮ꣬ԭҶȸʱ䣬ȸ֣ˮѰˮ䣬˭֪ħǿߣϾ޾˳֣֮ǰƻ
˭˵壬ΰ޾ˣǺǻأҶȾż֮УҲõ˵ʵҲпܡ
֮Ҷ˫͵һȻ¶ЦݣĴܷں֮һ̤Ѫɫ֮С
ѪɫڣʮѪ׷ɱ
Ҷ뿪Ѫɫռ䣬һѣһĿռ֮С
żڵĽ磬Ȼһһ㣬ֻҪ߶󷨣ͻ֮УһҶȾҪƽֵнռ䣬뿪
Ϣ˺䣬̹ǵĿռ䣬ʲô
Сһڿռ֮УȻͷŸӦҪҵĵطܿ͸Ӧ˷λڣչγһɳںϣԿռĺ
ˡ
Ҫռ룬֪ʲôطһɲԴ䣬Ǻռ䡣

ܿ죬Ӹ߿ƺʲôƿն¡
ʱ̧ͷһҶһޱȣΪ߿ܼıӣͬƵģƬƬ׹¡
˹ģֱûл·
£
ûѡֻܶԿЩΪ˱Ҳ߶£ˣҲƻЩΪ
˫һ֣һ޴Ĳ¯Ưڰա
򣡡
ڲ¯Χһ磬ҪΪʱֱͳͳ˹

ı֮УҶ߶¯ɷбȫ¯֮С
žžž
Ӧôﵽλ޴ò¯𶯣еĹδͱɷԼգҶڲ¯֮У߶򣬲ںֻ
һڲ¯ڣγһ˵ֻУбУͨʼںϡ
ΧȥҶڵķ磬һ޴壬Ѹ߿׹ıȫУڲȻûзұըײҲûС
ô£ѵСӣһصķй֮УռΣ
޾ڿռ֮У֤̣¶˼ı飬󷨿ռ䣬۹ͨ߶ȣѵκǿߣԵĿֻ꣬һ߲
ӵܼĹ̽磬һУܵһδιʱ˿̣󷨹ҶȾȻûʲôЧ
һʱ仹޾˾۾񣬼ȥ
ֱɹ治ף
ռ䣬ʱҶһͷ󺹣һԸоЩ
ǰͨɷֱɵڵǱڵֱչ
󷨵ĹһֻʵЩǽзҶȴ֮٣ԼĴֱͨЩ
ûжǱ̫࣬¯Ҳһݵ𶯣ԼƣǿѹҲһ¡
ãЩ֮мٵ¯գȥմܰתΪԼûǿԳλ߲۷壡
ҶҲ濹ǴӶԷ֮УⲻǸһõİ취
ʱ䲻ȥֹ֪˼꣬ʱϴ߶¯ձЩںϣѴﵽˣӽ˽λĸ߶ȡ
պóԽҶʵһգ˵
ҲĲʼձһĴܷıڵһЩƣֱǿƲ¯ԼΧ
һҶʵͨ壬ڰͨôҶȸɣͨܣδ֪ż֮Уױ¶ҴʱƣǿԶġ
ͨ廽䣬ںϱ֮ҶȿʼͨͬҲһղ¯ڵ
ԭҶȱһֱڲ֮䣬ԪȲͨ壬֮ͬ󣬵ǰҶԪ䵽״̬ϱӿڣԼںϣʼ
żռ䣬µˮҲУҲӵдȻҲ
һҶͻƵ߱ˡ
ΧĴܷʱסĴӵλ߶ȣպôﵽһֿơƽ״̬
־棬֪ȥ
Ҷ͵˫ۣ˫һϣԪʼս֮ӿȥܿγһƬԪ
û뵽żռ䣬жʮ꣬뿪
Ԫ̾Ϣʱ󣬻֪ڣ֮ʲôΪˮ磬Ϲżռ֮ڣռκθӦһʱ޷ȡϵ
ˣ
һԪȫγԪ󣬶ڱ𲻶ϾСҶֶ롣
ᣡ
ȫľڣԪΪһɴСӡʼںϣգۼ䣬Ԫ󱬷ĿâٿȻΪһߴСԴ
Դˣ
δˣʱϤ飬Ҷ޷Ƶģô˻ᣬĴܷӲ¯ղÿܷﵽ۷ҲҪʱƣ״̬
ػأҧţ곤ʱ飬ڽӭ飬ûҶȿʼɲ¯ںϵı
һֱԴոͻƵڲԪٶȣǱȲȻ֮ǰ
˿̣ռ׹ı޼ӾˣֻδܼĹС
ʮˣСӻܼסҲ֪ʲôֶΣףռѶȣ
֮ĿУ޾ûпȻ֪ҶѾѪɫռ䣬Ҳƽռ䡣


1983 
ƽѹأѵȥ
޾ռ֮⣬ڷҶȽĶ
ƽ󷨿ռ䣬ҶȵĲڣٲά裬ûκΰ취޾˻ڴš
ڴʱռҶȣ𽥰ʮ꣬ףӦǰǰ侲Ӧ
Ŀǰֻһ취ǾɷռԴȡͻ߽λ߲Լ˽λ߲ӵеԼٶȣӦÿڼʮڣͻ󾳽磬Ȼӵнʥʵ뿪Ǹаգ
ͷһҶȷ֮ǰЩʧ
һ˼ţ뿪ȫں磬ȴģռǿ󣬳Сʱںϳɹ
ʵϣˣ
ߣסʱ䣬Уʵ
ĴܷǼںϽ磬ٶȻҶȣҲнչ
߶жɷҶȴ߶֮󣬲ںֻУ˲仯Ϊһ޴У̾ռ֮ϣſʼ˶мռĸ·Ǵﵽʥ߶ȵ
һҲռ
ֻϢʥصĵӣ
޾ֻܵͨԽκεͨȻʥزǿģȴƾġ
ؿռȻ𽥱գСӵʲôͣճԽ
һʿԪԼȫҪԼǾ޾ȴ֣֮ǰҶձռͻƣգȱռǿ
Ѿóݡ
ڲףΪӦǰģҶˮ֮Уڣͻʥ񣡡޾˺һ̾
ռ䡣
룬ҶȾϲط֣ⳬԽռ䣬ϵϢԼ֮󣬻ΪʵǾˣҲиȻǸ߲ʿʥ磬յƽʱյĸ߲Ҫĸ߼ԼӰ硣
һҶģûͻλ߽λ
ɷֻΪһͬϢһֱѭ״̬Ҳࡣ
ȻٶȾˣΪﵽʥ߶ȣʹҶ֮ʣҲҪܿ⡣
ʼӿڼ̫һڷڣЩȵ֮ȫ̫һںϡ
ˣ
ӿȫʱ
ȻЩҲ뵤Լ֮С
ԭһֱԴ֮еӤʮ߼бԴ˿˿ӤӴҶڵʱʼմﵽʥ߶ȵ
Ҷȶʱһϲﵽʥ𣬳ԽӤԸָ߼
ˣβֱӰԴ֮Уʥ񼶱һʮбԴһӤգ
һǴûᣬҶȲδϿʼ
·𣬴ﵽʥ߶ȣ뵽óΪбԴԼӤգϾҪܽԴ֮С
˵Ҷȱðţʥ񼶱𣬴ĴԼʹ࣬Դ˲ܻӤɳ
̫ˣҲʮΣա
ֻǸ߲ܽʥ񼶱ӤٳɳҲʵ
侲Ƭ̣˫ͫͫ⣬
޷Ϊûз˵𣬾ѹԼ£еΪܡ
ȿЧɣ
ž߶򣬻Ϊһ·

һҶǰʱҶȻЩɵҧ߶򣬰ս𵤡
ȣ
Ȼ֮ͬǰϣӴɲǣʥĻ֮ƤȼΧԼļ⡣
ʹҶȼţɺӣ߶ѪԼ΢΢ʮӿȼյļ֮У򣬾ӿ뵤
ҺҶȼʱڵһͨҪش
ҶԳܵѹԼƣӿ֮УԴ֮һϯȥ
ȣ
ԴȻҲ絤Ҷǰһͨ£̫ˣԴţȻӿԴ룬Ԫ֮еӤʮ߼бԴǰ
˲ʮԼӤΧ

ʥ񼶱𣬿ʼ˵ȼȻЧӤƴӳ˯֮վ֮У͸ӣʼȼͷųֲͬ⣬ԳΪ
ϴӸ߼Դһ˿˿ԴӤԻģ֮ԡš
ʥ߶ȵӤף
һĻûйҶһ׼ӤҶܵķԼʹ࣬ǽѪԴԼʮٵҶѾˣֽӽĵز
ţ
һֱţʹһֱð飬ҧţҪӤɳһʵҲһõ
֪֮УҶͻȻӴѪ⣬һֱʥ߶ȵȼգϸ޸һһأ·һִִ˿ΧѪ⣬ʹڼᣬǲּҲ쳣ĳϢ
ĪǣԴʥҲԴΪиϹʹӴѪ⣬һδȼա֮󣬷ﵽµĸ߶ȣƷһЧ
벻ֻԼʹ࣬벻ҲЧ
ʵⲻҲټҶ벻ʥ߶ȵ£Ҳ𵽴ЧȻûʮ١ѪԼԴʥҲЧǻ𣬴ֻʹԼơ
ʱҶȵ˫ͫ𽥵·̿ˮ˶֮дʲôЧ
һ󵨣뷨ȻԺð˶ȥġ
֮ǰֻǼٵܵشиһֱˣʹȥ
ھֵõ벻ջӵʮ٣ԼԴѪбԴһκʿĴڡ
˲һܴڵ漣
ȥҪ
ռ޾⼸һֱھڲκζƺȷҶѾûа취ӵ󷨿ռ뿪
ոͷʱͻȻڲУͬһʧҶֱƯ߿գһ磬ʧˣԳԽʥ
СӲҪˣ
޾ûԼĿģӦģҪҶСģæһҪֹҪְҶȣͣҶϣȻ򶨣Ǵھ֮Уеɫ
Īǻб仯
֮ǰҾ˵˭֪żռ䣬˭ֻԤϣǸǻأ
ҶȻδ𣬶Ϸڣʼӣһһ


1984 ϹŻʮ
һ֮Ǽ깥ȥںϸԱԴΪģȫﵽһȻ״̬
һѿӽλ߲״̬ʱͨ壬¯
ҶȴҪȫͨ
Ľλͻλʱδüȫͨͻλ߲񣬹ؼΣ֮УҪʵ
һϣʵλ߲Ӧӵ߽λʵ
ͨϢҶȶԻ̫ҵҶȾͣ㣬ʼһͨ壬һͬȫ
̫ʼȫͨͻƾ磬Ҫͨ壬Լһͨ壬λ߲Ȼõڶͨ壬֮ڣǡ
ȫʼͷŴ̫⣬ͬʱҶҲʱʱ̿ͨ幵ͨͨһһĴܷ֮УһͨһӦԣû⡣
֪ʱ俪ʼ԰꿪ʼٶɹ֪ǧ͹ȥˣһȻǸͨ
Ȼϼǧ꣬ʱô֮йȥͨﵽλ̶߲ȣҲʼ¯Լ
һжھнУн֮Ҷڸܵ˾˵Ҳ߽λʵԻ󷨿ռ䡣
뿪䣬ͨص̫ҵʼһͨ壬ںϸΪ׼

ͻȻķͬһʧ
գۼ䣬ҶȸֶƯںռ䣬Ͽձ¶мЦݣÿܷԸһĵط߶ɷ򣬿ʼͬ
ô£СӲûģʵӣôλһ½λ߲񣿡
޾Ҳռ֮ڣҶȻӦϾ֪ҶȲǸʿʱҶʱ¶޷ŵı顣
Ŷ̶̼ʮ꣬ҶȾȻλͻλص㻹վĻ֮Уֱ޷͡
ȥҲûһȻֻܾҶȵĽٶȣһ⺮ռ䣬ѾҶûжá
Ȼֻһ£ҶȾ˳ںϽ磬һĴܷڣȻʧںռ䡣
޾Ҳڿռ䣬Ȼһȥ
󷨿ռ䣬ʲô
뿪ռ䣬ҶһƽĿռ䣬û߶Զһɽ󣬴ӿռ뽵ٶ
󣿡
ҶȲҴ⣬޽ż㲽ǰ
Ҷ֮ǰռĸͨƵ⽣ռ䣬ȥʮʱ䣬ʱһֵõﵽλ״̬
ռ䣬һռ䣬ķ籩޷վȣջ˳ƹأڶռ䣬Ҳпռĵ硣
ռһγɵԹǻþջǱҶȵĸӦԼɷҵ·˳߳ռ䡣
ǰƽռ䣬֪֮УȻȥʮ꣬ں֮һٶ꣬Ѿﵽꡣ
Ҳ˵ޣ̤꣬λ߲񣬲Ѿӽλ۷塣
֪ռ䣬ʲôӵģ
ռ磬˲䣬һžȼһƬȼյռ䣬ǰ
ɲͨռ䣬·Դ·һȼյĻأ
ͨӦҶżռĸоΪ⴦ռĽ磬쳣Ȼﵽ˸߽λʥ̶ȣΪʱԶĽ̶ȣᱣ߶ȡ
ҸӦ·ȻһԨԨľͷһγɵĻء
ҶѾͷ󺹣벻˿£ﵽʥ߽λ̶ȣϷͱˣԼԦͨڿల£һͽλʥ񣬶ѱˡ
ҶȣһأֻҪ뿪ͻõõıԴ
ռ֮⣬޾ڴţ·أ΢΢һ̫̾ãĥ⴦أȻܱ߶ȣϷҲڻֻﵽλʥ£·򱣳ھŽλʥռϷֻﵽһλʥû뵽Ҷܿʥ߶ȵ𣬿뿪ռ䣬Ҳֻʱ⣬Ҫ뿪ﵽ˽λŽλʥռ䣬ҲҪʮʱ䣬֮ǰռ磬Ҳһλλȵĸ߶ȣҶɷȥ
Һռ䣬ֻڣû
ƯռϷƿطԼ𣬻дҶ˵ﵽʥļ𣬶û̫вķԼͨաһ
Ǿ߱Щͨλ߲Ϊ̤ռ䣬Ƭ̾ͻᱻճɻҽ
ӦҪҵռĵطȻ뿪
ʱӦ֮ҶȾˣȻռ䣬ƽҽ߶ȣȻﵽŽλʥ
Կһλʥ𣬵Կⲻ˾ŽλʥԻϼ£ͨһλʥ磬ҪͨŽλʥ磬ʱ⣬ǿɲܵ⡣
ʥǸ߼󣬾ŽλһλĲֻ࣬һ֣ʵҲԽλҪиգŽλʥʵҪԽһλʥһٱ
һҶҪ뿪ռ䣬ѶҲﵽٱ⻹ֻۣļԣҪӴ֪
ߴһĽǰ߶

Լͨ磬γǿײǰյͽʥ磬еų⣬Եײ˵ǿȣҶʵ̫ࡣ
ɷ򣡡
΢΢һ̾ûмʮ깦ǲ뿪ˣڽ粻Ǹңңڣ
ҧҧȻˣֻ취뿪ľ޾ˣȻǿ󣬴ﵽʥ۷壬޷ڰﲻæܰģֻԼ
УҶںɷͨһͬʩչһδνӴ磬γһδε𶯡
ϳԣ֪֮Уʮʧˡ
ջЧ̫һɷѾڽϣںϳȭͷСϧڽı棬Ҫһδεںϡ
ʱʧ죬ҶȿϣҲԽԽ󣬵ٶ̫ˣ̫һҲ߲ٶȣΪ̫һǿҶΪģȻ̫һκҲ޷ڵͼ״̬ɸ߽״̬
ȻӵиվᣬһｵһҶӵ̫һܵѹƣò˵
ʮȥںϵȭͷСﵽڴСȣҲһָٶȣֱǹ١
û뵽⣬꣬Ҫʥ߶ȣżռ䣬˽ʱ䣬֪Ҫá
꣬ҶȺȻãʱԽԽȣżռȥ˷ʱ䣬꣬Ҫʥ񣬼ǲܵġ
֮ǰ㣬û߽λ߲񣬿ȫȫѾںϽϣҲûоʼͻơ
ֻͷʱ䣬Ȼռ䣬ӽʮʱ䡣
ʮ꣬ΪûӣҲûһ˿ֱǰװ˷ʱ䣬ڣӦ޾
ûкҩֻҪҧסأ


1985 ͻƾŽλ߲
ÿһ߳һ֣Ƥʼ˵Ⱥɵñƣ߸ͫӶǳ档
ͣ
֮ǰֻ֮⣬ǿԼԦʥ𣬵ǻǸ˵ˣҪȫûз״̬£֮У֪ĻǺεȿµһĻ
֮У˲䣬ӽſʼ𻨣ȫȫʱһ·ûˣδ߶¡
վ֮УƤ볤˲յûΪҽ¶ʺѪ⣬ѪҲʼյðݣĩӷսζ
㳡տࡣ
ҪˣǲҪˣؿռ䣬ϷΪͼҲﵽһλʥԷ٣
ռ֮⣬޾˿һĻҶΪɱûֹҶȲδϱشƺܼ֣Ҳһʱס

Ž֮УʮҶȵƤûˣͷҲûˣֻѪ⣬Ѫⶼڿȼգһһ㿪ʼΪҽ
࣬ʮ٣Ѫ
ȼȥҶȱضᱻΪҽѾʼܵشʹͲ˵ˣʱ߶ԴѪԼʮ١
ȫӿһɹѪɫʮڲʼ죬͸ˬϢҶȸоޱȣӿ棬սѪ֮С
ȣ
Ѫ⣬ṩսԼսѪ⣬ʱʼ
ʮٱԶţΪĴڣᴩĽ磬һ̺Ҷһ˵СһΪΣҶֵܵʥԭ
õ˵Ѫ⣬ʼȼյγһֶԿһѪ֮ȼգֱãǻ𣬶ΪҶȴ
һҶʹ֮Уγһƽ⡢״̬ѪԾٶԽǿ̺Ӿˡ
գգΪûܵشȼ£Ѫ͸һǿϢԭӵо˵
޾˻Ȼ򣬱ɵĻΪȻڸӺ棺λ߲񣬾ȻֱӳԽʥԿ
ҶԸ߲ݺһĻĻ޾𺳣ʧ
ӤհɣڴҵͬʱҲ㣡
ϷеҶȣʹ֮࣬ո𣬽Դ֮УͬҶһӤʮ߼бԴ
Ӥ֮Ưţʥ񼶱Ϊ̺бԴľԽ߼ԽˣΪҶ̫СṩȻҲܵͼھͲͬˣõʥҲھš
Χʮ߼ԴȴûΪʥȼգٶٴֻǼӿһ˿˿ٶȣҲ֪Ҫ꣬ȫ
ǰδӷȴ֮УռͨбԴһֱδȰЩͼб˵
߼ԴȻͬ죬ʥ£ɵͬţٶȣҺʱ䣬ҶȵõٵͨбԴһ𣬴ԼʮȫҲһ޷
б׷ײӤΧʼʥȼգҶҲһԸͷŷ
ȻٶȾͲһڸ棬ԽΧϣǣ÷Ҳﵽʥ߶ȡ
ǲĴڣﵽʥ߶ȣ֪ʮбԴٶȣʮÿһʼȼŻ档
Խ߽λˣ
ȼգͬʱҲżĸҶѴﵽλ߲۷壬Ȼӳ󣬽ӡ֮ȫԪʼӿ֮С
Ԫܿڽ֮γɣҶһԪ
СӵƺͻȻ˽𵤣ѵҪͻƣ
޾ͻȻ뿴ҶӵеܣȻӦҶһӿ֮С
ֻһֿܣͻƣ
̥ǹ̥Ϸװ׵һСӾ澳֮УԳͨ磡
һδμ֤ʱ޾ҶȵǱ̫ˣֲӦľͷȫȫ⣬һ
ңӦΪѾﵽԶɴĸ߶ȣףκҶţ᲻һУδ漣
գۣȥ
ҶȣͻȻ˫һᣬһɴ۽⣬ڱȻƣȻ䳬Խλ֮ǰˣҲѪۡ
߽λ˳ż֮Уԭһ벻Ļ
ѳɹ̤߽λ߲ҶЦЦ֮Ȼ飬Ȼս㣬ѾʼƤͷҲͻƣʼ
һʱ֮ѻָȻҲӭ飬ͬʱѾվԥٴһ
սƤȼʱһνʱƤΪҽٶȣ࣬ΪҶʵԭ
·𣺡ռ仹֣Խ·ԽǿڸӦ·ǻأȻӽӤֻ֪Ч
һĿ꣬Ҷγɣһλʥʲô·ǽӽ𣬲Ŀꡣ
ǣֱ½ʮף˸֮Уţ߶ȵ𣬴ﵽλλʥ֮䡣
ûȷ£һΣȫȼƤͬһֽ΢΢һ֮оͻΪ˻ҽžǳȻ¶ʺѪ⣬ҲʼյðݣһѪⱻյûΪҽ
ʱоһνǲģǱȵһθʹ࣬ȫвӾˡ
ɴ߶ʮԼѪѪ⣬Կһν֮ƽ״̬
ԴڵӤõȼգҫۣΧʮͨԴٶһμӿ졣
ֲϴ״̬ͬʱռĸ˵ӡ֮ԴԼӣսҶڵԪʼ͵
Լʮꡣ
ҶȾͷɳ֮Уʼ߽λ߲ͻư˽λ
̵Ȼ˳ôżҶǴﵽĸ߶ȣԼҶҶȳɹڰ˿Դʽ˽λ߲
ͻ֮󣬵һʱҶֽ磬һ·ռ䣬߶ȣȻﵽĽλʥĸ߶ȡ
Ҫûͻƣȫʵżͨȵȣӿͻ֮󣬵ʱٽ䣬Ҳ٣տζɲ뷴ᣬһﵽԼ۷塣
һһ飬ӤԴ涼ͬʱС
һδﵽʮ꣡
Ҷһηռ䣬һϢʧˡ
ͻλ
ռ֮⣬޾˺һڱֳĬΪҶտռѴ
ˡ
֮ҶڣĺȻ˵Ľ⣬ȫƾͱ֮ǰ
ҶҲ¶οҴЦݣŽλ߲ʧ֪ǸȻ֮أҴλͻƵŽλ߲񣡡


1986 Ӥɳ
λŽλǸ߲߽λҶ֮УͻƻҪ˳ż֮УҲа£ͻ󾳽磬Ҳһֲ
Ȼ֮УҶҪȴ鿪ʼܼ֮Уδ˶ҪӾŽλ߲ͻƵ񣬻кܴѵģѶȲǻ
磬ԨɽٸܣҪᴩӣڷеżԣɵĺ䶯֪ʴ˾ԽҲѡ֮С
ӭ飬һʱ֮Ҷȱ硣
ֻĿģﵽŽλ߲۷壬ʵڳȥ٣ûа취֮µѡһҪø𣬴ӤԼʮб
ʵˣӤȴδо˵ı仯ǾѺûᣬԽżռӤ
Сӻ㣿λͻƵŽλ߲񣬻һʱ䣬Ӧÿ뿪ռ䣬ѵͻ񲻳ɣżٷְҪ֮У
Ҷһν磬޾˾ֱҡͷ
˿̣Ҷ·ռ䣬ܣѾﵽλʥ
λʥں֮֮ϣѾһĴڣҶȲǾŽλ߲ȻСľ磬սλʥ
֮УһƤոĳһλΪҽ¶ʺѪ֮֮УʼȻĻΪɫ
ͻǲܽ²㣬ǻ֮У𣬴ﵽɡ
ڵռ䣬ѾҶȣо޷ȥһ֣λʥܵļޣȻҪ𣬴ӤҲֻܴ߶ͨ
ǣʩչ򣬻Ϊһ⣬죬𣬼ҪʧҶȼʱʩչϢϷ
ȻϷ𣬴ﵽ˽ĸ߶ȣǻأ

Уһ𽥵У𽥳Ϊһ
ͨУҶȵǰ
ҶȵĺȻֹǰֱֻȭͷС߶ȣȴﵽ˾Žλʥ񣬾ôһ㣬´ҲԳܵĵز
ȣ
ҧסأȻ𣬽Ӵ¸
ոսӴŽλʥ𣬾ֱմСҶȾһ亹̴߶ʮ˴Ȼ߶˿ΧγһͨһдƵֵһ֣ƣһЩ
̫ˣҶȸоٴЩ°˲䶼ᱻյûΪҽ
𻺻Ҷһͨѹƣ𽥽Դ֮ȲѣѹƵС״̬ŸԴ
סӤԼʮԴԼӿһԴٶȣʮֹӤԵøӻã֮Ÿִ֡
Χȥյ𣬾һߣҶСҧһӣȻ󲻶ӿҶȵ塣
ʲôʲôƴﵽŽλʥģ
޾һɻüͷ˰죬ûһͣΪʲôҶѹ𣬶ʲô
ǿ𣬲ӦҪʲôֻôһͣԽҶΪðΣգҪԦ
ʱ䲻ʧҶһֱ״̬
֣ŽλʥҲЧֻϾ̫ǿˡ
Ҳһֱżռĸ鲻ɣɸһԪͿﵽŽλ߲۷壬ֻҪ㹻뿪ܵһʱ䣬
Ϊôʥֻһ磬ŴλǰҾʵҲʥ߶ȣϸͨѿǿͽλʥ֣ϧ޷ƽǿ濹⡣
Ӥδż֮ǰǧֹʮбԴҲӽһĳ̶ȣ
ʮ꣬ҶڿӤı仯Լϣ׼бԴӤա
һʮһʼͬ꣬Ӥԡ
ӤģƯ֮ˣȻӦбԴϢ̧ͷȻ㵸ڿ

ʱӤſա
ʱӤͷŸӶĿɫ⣬âΧĹâӤ͸Ȼ壬Ȼһͣ
ӤԵı仯ˣ
һĻҶȾϲ쳣ô꣬ӵӤʼһֱһ죬٣ʵڴ
Ӥ壬Լһ࣬Ҳ࣬һﵽЧ
ѾҶȺˣڴʣһ뱦Ӥֻ

ҶΪӤֻǸͷˣʵȻΪӤȻ֮УȻʼʳ֮еľ
ӤʶĪҲˣʶҪҪɳ
һĻҶȵʶӤںϣδų⣬ϾӤľջ۳ɳġ
ҶʶӤͨţҲɷ򣬹ʶ֮С
Ӥʶ̫ûϾѧᣬҶҲżȴͨſʼӤʳ𾫻ֻǺԭʼΪһƿţǾͲһˡ
ΪӤ仯ҶȶǣĿ뿪
һһȥʮգ۶
ڣһбھŽλʥԼ£ɹΪ
ҶȴϲбԴӿӤ֮С
Ӥ쿪ʼգںϣһͷŶĿ⣬ҶҲСӣֽ׳
Լȥ仯ͣһΣӤ㳤磬ȥҲһոճӤģмСĵƤģ
ӤҲﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣǧ֮УǴ
ңʶҲȻţʼӡ֮еľֻȻûɷ
Ѹо𣬶ҪӤںϵζӤڵĸ߶ȣӦÿڹ棬һͨ˰ɣ㲻˳ӦҲԴﵽһ̶ȣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ뵽ɽ磬뵽˹Ӥ仯һգڹͨһͨ
صɽϣԽԽǰ
СĪǳɹˣһЦݣ
ռ֮⣬޾üͷһ壬ҶȴһݴЦݣ֪Ҷȵʲô
ʱȥŽλ߲Ȼ뿪
ҪѾˣҶ㣬Խ룬ӿµ磬ǲܡ
עʱȻ·ȼյĻأǹŹ֣һֱϢȼţ桭Īʲô˵Ļϵ
ʵãһɨ֮ǰĻ飬Ҳ˼ռ䣬˫޷أҲ޷һΧǴﵽʥ۷ĸ߶ȣ϶֮ڣһʲôϵ
ˣڵı޾˰ɣɱ䣬ջ񣬶ΪⱦҾͲˣһЦϷϿա


1987 ԭ
֮ǰںϵĽǰ
Ȼ̣ҶͻƵŽλֻ߲ҪӦʵҲͲˡ
Ĵܷʮڣûаѽںϵøһ㣬ֻǱֽ紦һں״̬
ͨ彻֮Ҷȱ䣬̫ҵ
ʼ
Ǵ̫ʼοԽĴ󾳽磬ͨͣλ£Ҫϲʱ䡣
꣬ҶȲŰԼͨߵŽλ߲񣬽žȫ
ʱ꣬Ҳֻǹȥꡣ
ͨ彻ھ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲӵ֮󣬴ǿоŽλ߲񣬹ۺʵһλʥࡣ
ʥһ֣ʱ˿̿ʼҶҲǿ֮С
Ȼ󻽻Ĵܷʥʵ߶ɷ̫һΪģںϽ硣
ٶȹȻںϷΧ죬ʮ깦ںϳɹ뿪ռ䡣
ʱҲҶƬϷ
УӰ
Ӱһһߵˣһ׳˶꣬аԱߣһʮꡣ
ǳħ硣
ƺɽʱͷߣ£Ȼɽǹأħ𣬲ͷĺһưܸ׼ŲʮˣȷҶȾ⸽
һʱüͷ¿ЦϴϢ⸽ʧϴͨܳ⣬ҵıӡǣиӦ
һռ֮У·ƬӣҲȥΣȴҲûз֣½أһĲͬǲˮ磬ͬ½һȵȰɣӦͻ£ҽ
ռ䣿ֲ޷Ӧ
Ǿ⸽Űɣһ֣ӦûӦɣ
Ȼ֮ǰһΪϴһȥâѰɩˡ
ʱ򻹿Ц
¶һ䡢ģЦϧƲһף˭ǸС״̬ǸĵѰš
˾һǰһ󣬻ˮ߿շС
żռ䣡
ʮ겻ںϣҶȲ֪Ķӡ˵һںϵĿռ֮Уһ붼û룬С
ಣ
Խ磬ǰ󷨣һƯƺ֮еĹռ䣬Ҷż롣
һٶ꣬ҵҪż֮Ужٱ
̤빬֮У͸ܵ³ĲԹϢӭռԵúңЩطԳƣ׹ʱɵģǰµġ
ϵƷӳҶȼδģЩؼԼҵǲıϷǰϣżö䣬ƣ͸־
бȻ⼸ö֮С
ˡ
ոһö俴ϾǹʱڵķǴϣöΧһɼΪ΢ϤϢر龻Ӧ
ô£̤Žλ߲񣬻龻Ҳһ޷ӦϢ
ôϵż֮УϤϢ
˲ƻ龻֣ȸӦϤϢģϢӦżռ䣬ͬϢϢҶ˵İ
˫üһᣬ̾ܣôǾ޾˵ϢϢżռ䣬ֻһֽͣ
óۣͬʱìҲ漴ӿ֣޾˵δżڷֵʵȻⷽ棬˵˻ѻ
Ҷ벻ͨ޾˼Ȼ֤ȴΪҪһˣ
ҿ⼸ö䣬ȻǾ޾ţõһУһȦӣΪΣ
޾ûɺңΪǧʯڰɣҪңѵҲɣʲôң֪żռж壬һһ㣬ֶΣУҲҪԶ棡
뵽ҶԽΣ벻ף޾Ϊ
Ȼɫһֹ޾֮ǰڣҲܾż֮У
߶Ӧ칬Լ֮ƺ磬ڸӦٶ뷶Χ֮࣬ûκϢ
޾˲
յóۣϣΪ뵽֮ǰǸǿŮҲһ޷ӦĴڣƫƫʹڡ
ĪǾ޾Ҳͨżռ䣬ҶȾ޷Ӧ
޾Ǹ߽λʥԳ˵ʵԾ֮ӦÿԸӦһ˿ӵй˵ռ䣬ȻӲҵӦ
Ҷȴ߶龻֣ͷӦԾ޾ϢΪĿ꣬ʼɢȥ
ˡ
ڸӦҪ뿪ʱ龻ȴһ˿˿ĸӦ漴һ΢ƮϢȻƯڹ֮УңҶȵҲ࣬ԼһԶĵط
Ǿ޾ˣΪӵжϢĸӦ޷ӦϢƺͬһʥ񣬹ֶΣʱҪ
Ԫ
ԸҶֻԪһ£Է֪ͼ
ݣ
ԪѸײڶ֮ƣȻ֮ƣƴХͻȻҲһ
Ǻǣ
һˬȻһ𣬼Ԫֶľ޾ˣ׵ƽ⣬ҶʾϷ򣬱ᣡ
ԭǰΪǵˣ
Ҷȹ㵣޾˱ʾǸ⣬һȫ֪޾ݵģֺʵǰΪڴˣ޷𣿡
޾Ȼİհ֣Ц˵˵ҶСѣǴˣϷҲͲ㣬ʵż֮ãϷⰲŵģר㣡
𣿡
żȷϷǰֵģҲȷûʵǰãϷ˵һǰ£̤񣬲
񣡡
һҶȾֲã޷Ӧ޾˴ڣԭѲʥ񣬶
񣬾޾һӳΪܣҶЩ޷Ӧ
޾˼Ҷһһէʮֺ棬渵ҵǰܣ˵Ӧ÷ǳϤӦӦǰ
⡭
ͬƵģҶȲ𾪣Ÿݵ顣
ǺǣӦǰʶܶˣھ뺣֮ķǳңԶˮȺʱӦܣһѣӴӦǰʱǧꡢ꣬һۣϷɽ٣Ӧǰר̸Ҳɹ̤񣬶̸֪ݣţΪӦǰ飬Ҳûʲôõӣôһ֣ϣƹأܵõ⼸ö䣡
ԭһ£
æˣҪͻʥϷż֮Уؿƹأ⼸öУӵϷרƵĸ߽ʥӣڻһţΪкܴմʥ滹дԼҪıԴ
޾һͣһöҶȷȥ
ǰҿɲܽܣ
֪ĲƸȴҶȵܾԸм͵ʵѾõǰλŽλ߲καﶼҪҪ


1988 
Ӧõõģһռ䣡޾˿Ѷ
⼸ö䣬ʵ̫أҶȲϣ˼Ҷ˳õ̤ʥ
̬ȸӼȭǧܽܵģǰԸ⣬ǿ԰ıԴôȻӵʥҪԼŬʣ̤ʥ񣡡
ȻˣϷҲٶ˵ʲôãϷͰѱԴ㣡
޾Եúʹ죬һץһö䣬ӿһƬ⣬澹Ȼʮ߼ԴԼһٶͨԴ
ЩԴҶԼ۵Ǹ߼ԴÿһǼΪѵõģΪһ߼ԴٶȣҲԽԽ죬ӤҲ֮һͬɳ
ǧʯɣ޾۸
һǧʯܹô౾Դ
ȻܣҶȲδ˵ʲôкףǾ޾ڰЩԴǧҲ򲻵
޾Ե˳ʮ㣬ҶһΣپܾȻܣóǧʯ¾˵ıԴ
Ӵˣʥ񣬴ﵽʥ߽λҶȶҪıԴҪֱֻۣȻԽԽá
ǰչ֪ʦ֪齥ָȻżռ䣬ҲٵģҶʳ֪Ĵ𰸡
ӦǰȻԴ£һŲ֪ӦǰǵΪڲ֪Ժ֪֮ģˣҶСѣ㰴ԭ·ذɣ໹Ҫһ
лԺʲô£ܷԸ
ҶҲƺռڡ
Ǹ˲Ű
޾̾ϢһĿҶʧȥ
뿪żˮ治ոˮ磬ʹһɹ
һ鿴ԭǺˡӷ˵򣬶һҶһֱڴˣ磬ҶѾӦ˵λá
һٶȥûҵˮ䣿˵أҲĪǲˮ֮УӷҷϧҶûлӦʮǰѻص׷
ˡӷؼ˿Ҳ̽ҶϴǷӾħ׷ɱ£һˡ
Щ޹ؽҪġ
ԸӾ˵ٶȣˮ档
ɣϴһֱⷽˮ·
ˮ棬ӰջΪһɷ籩ϯǳħ磬Ŀڴˮ档

һ˲֮䣬Ҷȱˮˣˮ棬Χȥ쳣ҶҲ¶δеͻЦݣһ֮Ҷ߶ǧͼֻһʱ䣬˾ʹӺ֮ģʯǸա
ѡһɭ֣ħµϴ󣬿Ϊģ㿴߽λˣҲҪ̤ʥ񣬹Ƕ˵ʵԶԿλʥ񣡡
Ȼ
ҶȿһЦδְֺ޵ĳƣ˶һһˣڸ߿
ȴһٶȳҶȣһǰҶȾúͻȻһݶλص磬ϼ꣬ҲѪٶѣҲ԰㣬ﵽ壡
⡭
ԭΪҪҶȵõʣҪ֪֮䣬õһ飬ģֻв༫ΪϡٵҶҲһֱ޷ĵ
ȴҪе츳ͨиҶȣʵЩͻȻЩӦ
˫ͫ͸ųȵĿ⣺ֻб֮˿ԴУҲΪΣ屻û֣Щõ˵ĴܣĿľΪӵϧûɹҲֻӵмһͨ㲻ͬںһĴУ䣬³ңٲӵˣҲӴʧˣˣҲϣ壬ͨңδٴεõˣ
˵ƵģСӣͷҪҲҸϴǶţ¸򣡡
ҲԱߡ
ҶȽŰο˵Ĳ޵ǼȻ磬Ͳʧȥκһˣǻҵ纣Ҳɽ󣬴磬壬Ǿ仰һḴˣ
ಣ
̯һаѪɣ㵱ںϵģûΪӣ޷УںϴҵĴѪ֮󣬻ἤڣںϵֻвǡ޷Ϊһľģ
ΪΣƺʵ
Ϊԭɣ崫һģһҲֻӵϣںҵѪ봫УԶҲֻϣ
ˣϴ꣬õǾģôϴҲΪһʣȷʵе㣬İÿһμʵ֮ǰǿһؼҲмǱܵĴͨǶо޴ۣҪͲһһδμĵҲֻԪѣ
壬һģ
ȻϣͷһеİϢ
壬ԼԽԼһ
ӽʥŴμʵҪԽű֮ࣿҲԱ𵤣Լֲͨ壬Զ磬ܳΪһ塣
Ҷȸ첲ҶȲٳĬǸЦݣϴںϰɣֲˣǵֵܣǵˣں֮ʵǲˣ
ã
磬ҶȺȻʹӦˣ֮ǰܾ޾˵ĺⲻһΪ˵ĺܶԣԣѡˡˣ֮䣬ʲôԽܵġ
飡

£ҶȱһѪڣȻ֮С
һһѪ˵شҶڱըھ磬γһƬѪ硣
ҶȾѪĺģѪ緢
ӦѪʱѪѾҶȵࡣ
ֻѪ壬ͷ˴ըҶը飬ΪѪҶȵų⣬γɵ
Ҷȴ߶Ǳ΢ʱѪͿʼ࣬ͬʱԶȽҪǿǧ
ʱƤԼѪ⣬ˣԼҲʼǿ飬ʹͲ˵ˣ˴׵飬޴ΣգҶȸоΣΪһʢǱ
һը֮УҶȿʼ߶ʮٵ
ǵһӿ֮ȫʼ飬ؼѪ࿪ʼںϣһںϵѪΪԴȪ˳磬ʼӿȫ
ģҶȸоʲô仯
ͷԪһʱ֮ϣȻĿص࣬һһ㣬ԿĵͼڣӡҶԼ֮ϡ
б仯ҶȻĸӦĵͼ֮У͸ĹɶϢʮ΢Ҷȵںϣһ¾ͳϢ
ҶΪģĵͼڶںϵһͬš
һӦ֮󣬻ͣȫںѪľѪǰӵǿʢ֮Ҳظ췭ı仯׳ʮֹ
Ҷȴʱо泩ޱȣһ֮ԣصʣͻȻоɶѵʹռ䣬Ҳӵɣ


1989 
汻˵ˣӴԺȷ
ʱ֮УףЦ˵

ֻǺҲ룬֪ģ
ǿΣǺεȵ
ģֲͬҪϢһ뼰ʱ߶ĴʱںϣϲϵĻҲֻ·һδ߶ģڴ֮У·ţһƿĵ
ţȳûͻ񣬲ʸںϣ
һʹﵽŽλ߲Բ
缴뿪󣬽Ĵ٣˶֪ͬһ㣬ɲȥ־
߲񣬿ɲǽλͻǰ򵥡
ҶѾʼƾſԴһԴΪԪ󣬰žŴԴ
һſԴԪ֮УʼתӡҲʼҶȲϽӡһſԴӡ֮󣬿ʼ໥ںϣһŴԴһ𣬱˴Ҳʼںϡ
ʱվӿ˽ơ
һƬγɣ׻ڣϯγ֮ơ
ҶڲںϾŴԴӡں֮һſԴ㷢
Դһ飬ͱҪɽٳɹҪŴԴԳ˵ܣҶȣҲҪѪпܳɹ
ŴԴ̱ըʱ˿̣ûоſԴеһƬаľȫԪ֮УҶȿʼԪһδεľӡ
ҪĹͷŴԴ޷˳ںϣһµԴôͷһж֮
֪ӡ֮󣬼Ϸ𲻶ȼգԪԽС֮Ҷ˫һϡ
ӡ۵⣬޴Ԫ󣬿ʼѸٶγ״ֱ̬ΪһߴСĽɫ
ǵµԴҲǳΪԴıԴ
һˣǵڶش٣
ϿսƣϷڣŸγɽ֮ƣҶȿʼո׼Եһ١
ٻδ٣ѹϽ٣γɽ׾޴ѹƣòƳΧʱǶЩģȻǶˣƣٸҶ̤
µԴմޱȣԸ٣ʲô
ٵҶֳֹʥǹվϾϷƣ׵Ѿڣ׼ٶ
ͣ
˵ʱʱ죬һپͽٶ޴ӽ֮бڶ
𣡡
ָһʥǹ˵һһѸʹ̳

ʥǹٶȻ٣һٸոӿͱʥǹͷƵģһǹ̵ϡﻩͳͳ顣
ȻҲܵҶȵս⣬ڶ٣ƣͬƣںҶϯ
Ҷָһ޽ϣ֮ϣٶʱ顣
·Ҷȵս׼ŭ٣û˿ͣռ䣬ڶ¡
ʿµǰҶȴԵʩչ޽ѵٻ
ͬԼѵĵߵڰ˵٣һʱͳͳ𣬶ҶҲ¶һЩƣһ˵٣Ҳǰ޹˰ɣҲǵһѡ˶ɽٷʽ
䡭
ھŵ٣нΪŵӽ֮УȻ׹£·ĳͷ
򣡡
һΣҶȲδʩչʩչͨһǧ׸ߵĴУȻγɣԲ˼ٶȣϯϣƣգȻޣӭŴ׹

Ŵڴ֮ϣ˵Ѵѹƣʤһ
ŲԴȻѭϢƼ֮һչѾŴĴ˫㣬ֱӰһҧ飬ײɼڡ
ʱ֮󣬾Ÿȫ𣬶Ҳʧ̧ͷգƲͱˣð

ϤԪ֮׹
Ҷھ֮󣬿ʼԪϴ񣬲Ҵ߶ɸ߶ոںϵʣģȫﵽǿ״̬ԪʼΪҶϴ裬ʡ
һʱ䣬ҶȸоӯںϸҲڻ֮Уÿһ缡⣬̺˵Ϣ
ٶ꣬ﵽʥ֮УȻΪ̫ϵӡ
ңԶ֮УһֽӰ
ΪֽˣŰֳֳֽӦģ
Ƶؿ·ٴͬ߶ȣĲ˼飬ɫ԰ףȴοЦݣΪߣ˵Լʵʥأϣﵽ˵֮еĸ߶ȣΪ磬һľްұˣ޷ʵֵģ޷
Ҷȣ̾
ҲǷ߰ɣȻһһĴڣԺʥأʥعϵҲһܿһʥأ
ӦƯţƵġ
֮У
ӿ֣ҶɳԪ֮УԼ֮ԪʧսҲȥ
ɽٽҶ˳Ӹ߲̤񣬳Ϊʥ֮еġ̫ϵӡڣҲΪص̫ϵӡ
̫ϵӶԣֻһƺˮ֮УжٵԼʥĶѲ̫ϵӣʥֻʥطӢ־ӣʸΪĶ֡
ȻɽٽҪû
óһͬȻóԴӣˡ
ԴӣϴϴرűԴӣ֣ȻҲƣٶ߶ȣ޷ﵽҶֵز
ҶóӸǣһһЩͨԴǣڸ߼ǶҲ޷
ٴ߶󣬸ӿ˽һͬգһͬС
ͻ񣬼֮ǰںѪʱҶҪȻ߲ʮ֮࣬Ƕôŵĸ߶ȡ
Ҷַһͨ壬߶ǧͼƵĴ񵤣
ҶԪȻȻ飬ڴﵽһ̶ȣʱȻ뵽ʲô磺⽫ӤӦһȥɽһˣǿûʱ䣡
ȻУ㲻ȥɽɣ絹ȿʵ
ȻҲҪȥһˣҪȡ߼ĵУҪɽ󣬴磬ɽϾǵͼʱգ
ϴаջصɽ磿ЩҶԹҲйעɲͨƽ˵
ֻģһΪﵽʥǾͲģо԰գҲڣҲʱ׼£ȥʱԴҵķþ˵Ǵﵽͬȸ߶ȵģ
ڴûȥҡͷ̾
ͺˣ벻ͨǸ࣬Ϊܷȥɽ֮䣿ϧҲˣڵʵԸ׵İɣͷ˵
Ҷüͷһ壬һࣿƣǲСˣݺ˵ǸһΪʱ䣬ʵͻͽ࣬ȻҲˣ˵ѴﵽӸߵĸ߶ȣ


1990 ͨ
һ죬ҪԴŤߣ
ƲΪȻĺȵǰǸ첻µز£һΪģ
Ȼ仰ҶȺɣһԵҲɫƽΪǶ֪ƵĲ
һУһģ⼸֮ãŶҶһˣоѶǵľһδεľУӵнĳɾͣɲȻ
ʥء̫ʥأǺ磿
Ҷֺʵ

ƲƲ죬·ⲻûشƵģһŵ̫ʥ֮УǱʥصĺģϾ̫ʥΨһʣ԰˵ûжټ̵飡
ʥشһУƲֻ࣬ƿشͨţΣϣõͨΪԾٶѾҵʥ֮ӦԺʥأҲһûжٸ顣
ҶȰʥδǷӦĴС£һһ֪ˡ
öҲ겻ѣҲҶȣһδλΪģˣͳΪʥصӡ
ҶȴʱסŻнӽʱ䣬췣֮۵ޣŻҪֻ꣬ʣ꣬ϣ꣬úã;лصɽ磬ڵռٻصμ췣ۣ֮һӵ۰һʵɱâȳ֮ɽǿߣһͬѰҴе½ֻǳɳһ̤壡
û⣬أСѣƾȻֺǺǵĿЦ
½
翴ϰ߳ⷬҲû⣬֮ͫУһɹĹ󣺡嵱ʥأһ½֮У̫ңԶˣҲҪǧꡣȷʵ½ǵĿ꣬ССʼڣټ½磬вʣԼǿߣеţģ
־Լ˳صģϴǵõĴУǶһ޶Ŀ齫СΨһľ壬ȺССϺưˣûǣţƺ̤½㹷ƨ
⻰Ұ
ѽ
Ҷû취κβ˳ƣСģȴһı顣
˾ھñطϲ֮У֪֮䣬͹ȥˡ
УҶһȻﵽһλ״̬ҪܳʱУк֮󣬱Խ䣬ʼȫͨͳͳﵽ
ǼȥҶȻصʱơʵȻӵʥʵ
ҶŶˣ뺣֮С
ƶܳں֮Уһ̶ȵļԦǱҶȣһЩ
ܿ˼ūǶУҲδţȻͽ񸮡
ϴ󣬷㣬Ҳûʲô£Ȼˮ磬ˣôҲҪȥɱͷ
ҶȰԼˮ߳󣬳Ͼסˣһɱӡ
Ҳͬ⣬ˮҲܺ档
Ҷʵﵽʥ߶ȣѾʥ֣֮ǰʹ㣬˴ͼˮ̣ڳлԣһݣûдϾ뵶ūֱӽ硣
֮࣬ҶȻͨ˽ͼˮ
ԭͼɱ󲻾ãмɺɱڼ䜼ǿߣҲ̣ϧ;뿪ˣˣֵҲʹߣץմͼ¸ɽϯˮ
ͼˮ̣ѱһλʥƿأֱӵһ̣ͷһͷΪһͷΪǺ׺ĺʵǲյĴͼͶȡͼĵ̣õȶԷɱ̡
Ūһ֮Ȼݣ֣ݣǾ֣ˮĵˣǺݣǾڧ̣˭Ҳܲˣʵͳưԡ
粻ҶʩչͨúϢαװ˾Ժݣö̡֮
ܿ죬һˮɽ֮УʮƯʯԼٶͷֻһʥ붴֮УĶԼ߲ϲֻʮͷ
Աͼʱ̫ࡣ
ʱ˿̣ƯʮϷħ䣬һұݵϢһġ
ʬҪţҶȲǺʬ壬ǿǴıʵҶȣһȥ´󲿷ֺữΪ
ħͷȻһЩһɺָ֮ǵأͻأжץȥ
¡
ָ̫֮Եжץͬʱ飬֪жٺһ֮¡

һٶͷײеɱҶˣͷһڼ׺ŭһӣкʱɱ
СԶʱʲôһΪࣿ
Ȼһŭ֮Уʵǿ󣬴̤һֱڣҶƶ޷׷ٶȡ
ֻһĳĽɫʱ籩꣬ϯһٶ
ͣ
ɫʵȻﵽʥ߶ȣһٶͷԼ߲ܿʥ
һͷͷԱɫ̴׷ͷ¡
һһأٶͷֻʣ

˼飬žšĿ⣬ΧʬʱͻȻһӰһУȻ࣬һץһ£ñը
жݣûүү
Ӱǳħ𣬺ɱʥ
ʣµһٶҪʵǣ
ҶҶУζ֣Уɱգֻܻرܵǿߡ
ʼսٶͷྪ˵õʬ֮ҶְʬеĴ䣬һһó
֮󣬾һ鿴ץʯ⣬ʯͬˮӿ磺ЩǴ֪ɱǶͬ࣬һǧʯ˹ı
˵ҪǸˮǻᣬ͸նɱȺô౦ħ֮ʯ۾գ£ǧʯӵ˾˵ʯ
ҡҡͷͷȥһˮ֮ڣҲǿߣռǿߵĻ˵֣ܶ⣡
ҶҲŵ˵ļǣ֮Ƭˮ򣬾ͷǿĺֵܣͷ˵ʥΪʵﵽҲֻܶԸͽλʥ߽λҲֻбâ
ߣߣȥһˮ򣬿Ҫ㱦ȥ˵̫ʥˣ
ǧʯ봢䣬ħ̲סҪȥԸһˮߡ
ҶȻû̷ֹȥ;Уְٶöıʯͳͳֳݣֱ𽻸硣
̡ܿ
ͬʽֶΣڼ֮£Ҷȳ֣ͨ赭дնɱİٶͷԼ
ڵõıȻӾˡ
ֵõǧʯ˼ҲֵǧڲƸǷһʺơ


1991 սӳ
ڴͼˮǿһһնɱֻʣ¼ٸ߲ԼϲŻǧͷ֮࣬ҶȵȻкϾɱ̵ġ
˻ص֧֮Уʼ
ʮ֮󣬳ҶȸҲҪعʥأͱ֮ҶȱõƵĺżͷƵǿܣʼڴͼˮ֮Уռ
ˮҶȵģ˭ҷһƬˮ򣬲֪ءӵжٱϸһ飬ػõ˵ı
ʱ䣬ҶһΪȻﵽһλ״̬ԸоУҪڸ߲񣬽ʮʱ䣬δͻƣǸ߲ʮңͻһ硣
ϴնɱߣõ߰ٶͷʬ壬Ҳ֮У˶ĺʬ壬ҶȾͻʥ񣬶ȱһӾ޾õһٶԴ
Ҷһ£߼ԴﾹȻʮͨԴպóټ޾Ǵõ˴ĺôҲǷ޾һ飬Ͼ޾˷Ϊʵ޾Ѿѡ
ھ֮Уͨ廨ǧ꣬Ű߰ٶͷʬ壬Ϊӣզ࣬뵶ūÿ˶ֵϰٿӣǼǱУҪصƵ
ʵҪʼһƽܣ
ɳ֮˹ͨкǶҶգʧһٶ꣬ͻȻֻصƵҲЩ޷͡
ƵһᣬԴŵӭҶȻع飬Ҳ벻ҶȻйϵΪҶҲǺ˵ˡ
ΪҶ׼һƻᣬڣҶҲҽһ˵䣬Ϊϴ⵽ħˣһֱԶˮչУԼܾħ׷ɱڲŸһһͣҲûж©˳ˮۣһԴԲ׾ٴλصӡ
Ӥƺһ仯ͷ׳һЩ̫ˣЩ߼ԴҴﵽȻͨԴ
صʯҶȱ㿪ʼǱޡ
һʱ䣬ֱӷս
ĵģӤ
Ӥʱ׳󣬴ﵽһ̶ȣаͨصɽ֮УʱҲʣ²࣬һٶ꣬ʹﵽޣ췣ۣ֮ҲֻǼѡ
ܿӤΧʮͨбԴЩǴӾ޾һٶ֮࣬ҳģʣ඼ǴԴҶգִϴնɱóʮбԴһͬӤΧ
߼Դ̫ﵽҶͨԴٶȣȴԵĵزϷҲøӰԵӤշҶһֱͬԴ
Ӥб仯ѪҲɳ˲٣Ҵ߶֮Ҷֻͨﵽһ߶ȡ
ͨص󣬵ǴٺϢ
֮࣬ҶҲ뵽
ͨϴλȥ˽⵽Ѿ췭ظı仯̻ƽѾܲʮĳǳءгȵȣ񵤵ҶȶЩԲͻ²вϲȼ񵤣̫ˣڸ߲񵤣ĻЩϾʮֲ
Ǳ֮Ҷȱ뿪ʯһ뵺졣
ΪǻߣԽ뵺ϷϡƽĹ޷ǰһͬΪߵ˽Ҷ֮󣬶ԵúܳԾҶսģҺû֪ҶսĶ
Ҷȵս飬Ϸ
Լһʱ
Ҷأͼ뼸ʥǿߣ
˵ΪڣΪĽλʥ񣬿ƽ£ǿļɣ
빬һһʩ
ˣһƿƵС£λ꣬궼ֱӹҲƽֱƿء
׿Ҷȣ͸һ⣺û뵽Ҷȣ뱾żܴ꣬һͨսΪߣսʮӳ֮һڰԣˣӳɲ˿սģһʧܣûл·
һֽţԱıΪ£Ը⿴ԼԼУսְλҲûսӳǴ£
˵ˣǸ˲ţӳҲƵĺĴڣ˫ǶԸκһʧܣǷҪ֣ҲֻܴӦ㣡һǿ߿϶
һǿߣȰļҶȴһδȥ
ֵλ£¼ȻƵΪȸս飬ģɹսڰԣʧˣҲĿ
뷨ˣðɣʮ֮׼ʱ̨ɣ
û̫໰ӻ֣Ҷ뿪
֣㿴Сӣΰɣ
˵Ϣֻ΢΢Ӧ΢Ϣ֪ΪʲôԭҲΪ֮⣡
Ƶĸ֣ĸһˣ
λֵ˵ļǣÿ˶ԼܣͣȻҪսҲֻԼӦȥ֪ڰԣ
һűһһȥ
ܿ죬սϢƵɢǧ֣ԼƵϢʿҲ֪Ƶһս
ʸˣ
һ졣
ϤӰٱϷĹԼ˶Ǹʸ֡
˽빬ϷĻʸʩ
ʸ˸߸ϣȴüͷ˷ɫһҲ֪ˣ
ǰˣû뵽ǸҶȣԤ֮⣬ͨսΪߣλǣҪսڰԣ
⡢СĪһֱǰϻ
Ȳ˵óҶսڰϢ֮󣬶ж𶯡
Ҳû뵽һϣȴз֮ܣ
ʸ˱临ӹҡҡͷǲõģ
ģˣҶȵʱǶˣһδεʯٺôսɹǶ˻л·ǿɲͬˣһ£˵
һԵҲԵüΪţʼսս
սڰԣζʲôζҶȵʵﵽʥһɹҪɱǶˣһֻϡ
ǲõģԭ򣬵һô꣬ڰԵĽʣȻһλʥ񣬵ʵﵽ˶λʥ񣬶ҾսûֶΣһҶȵ֣ڶҶȻδս֮ǰǶ˿Դź񣬵ʾǸ⣬νֲЦˣɹˣҲǣֻȡôˣ
ˣӢ˵ľ
еƣǰµĹӣͷģ
ҪסҪΪҪ֪ͣȴڲһܺõҶȴӽƵʾˣǱȴ˼꣬ڲſʼðһɾˣ
л˽̵
ǸôˣԺĪҪ˼ռЩСϣҪУһսǣҲֹˣﲻǣƽʱסǣ浽ʱҲ޷ǣ
ǣھȥھȥ
ŵûͷ棬¾뿪
ûһôڻǣǯסҶȣҿ뵽취ԺΪУܲսɹأҲҪδѣʸ͸ʥһ粻


1992 ΪھŶӶӳ
뵺죡
ƵĹ֮С
뼸£ۼڴ֮¡
ԼĪһʱֻ֮һſ׵ƽܣӺ֮ϣڻ֣±һһ¡
ոãҪսʮ֮һĶӳƽ֪ܿս£һ֪ʵ
ǿһ߳Ϊ棬£һλΪҶȵĻߣڰԷս
ҶȣǸӳֻڵӣӵкְܸ񣿡
ֻһͨߣǰ뱾ΪͨսΪߣ
𣿵ǸΣʼһʱ䣬ȴᣬһɳ𣿵Ǹ˲ţֻҪսڰԣҪʵûʵӣҲûõģ
ڰⳡս֪ɷ񹫿
ɣ˿Ƶĸ֣ˣ·ɷѰˮ䣿
ûϢˮǲͷۣһ̫Ҳ׷ɱ֪ܶ㵽ȥ
أ
ƺõⲿټٺʱʱһˮ¶ټҪҵϳڣʱҲף
ЩҪģˮ뱾ǵжһǶ䣬ûǣȻǴԲ
ƽһڸ֣¡
ڵĵ죡
Ҷӵеʯ֮Уӭһλˣ꣬ʯ֮⣬Ҷȶ࣬һЦ벻ҶֵܣҲǺ˵ˣҲص֮֪ˣҪʲô
֣ڶΪ˰£ԭֱʺ˰ɣӳ˵ҶȲݣԻǿơ
Ҷֶսʤڰԣбʤգ
Ϊ˽˽ңһһƵģ֣ԺҿԺúú˵Ϊ˰£һǻ̵òٺôƽҲ벻ҶΪ˰£
⻰Ҳ˵ģԺҶ
ǸˣȻҶȱ˵ţȻλսɹΪһݡ
ϺϵҶΪͷȻǺôࡣ
ʮ֮
ǧɫɫʿۼƵ⵺һɽ֮ϣһ̨
Ƶ·֣ΧѲߣһЩ߲Ҳ𽥵λ
ݵ
һ䶯ǧʿΪǼƵİƽʮ׵˺ȻУҲЩİ֡
ΪһƽȻֻм֡
ƽ̨ǰ£׵֣һ֮˶оһʥһ
Ȼһӣ趯̨
ʣ˾ƵھŶӵĶӳҲսһΪʥǿߣڰԡ
֮˶оͷųľɱͨһδսŻ۶
֮һһ޵ĺڼꡣ
Ҷȡ
Ҷȵģ̫˰ɣôоʥϢȻһʥ񣬾Ȼսʥǿߣ
ǰ̫˵㣬ı˶Ϊλߣмܳɹ
Ҳһһ˼ҿǸߣоֶҲ˵һҲǾҲǾ˵İҲ˵
пͷпͷ
ʿƵǿߣʿڼţȻⳡսڴ
ãƵˣúñ֣Ȼ̨֮ϣǾԹ
ƽܵһХֳѻȸ
Ҷȣڰԣν죬ƽӹ֮ˣ̨չǵĲŻİɣ
׵ڻ
ӳˣ
Ҷ߳һڰԱȭ
ôʲôսңȡҵһУҾУҪͨңΪλߣɲף
ԷȻҶһףһץһӲӵ񴸣Ĵֳ֮С

ԭһƣÿռ䱬ը
ٿ
գ֮䣬񴸾ڰԻӶ£ȻҶȵͷһ
¡
ٶƣʥ֣ҶҲǳصģȻ뾪յأ֮
ڰԵ񴸣ݺ̨֮ϣ̨ʼˡ
ɲ̨ͨ׵ˣרΪ˽죬ﵽʥ߶ȵ̨ɱ벻ڰԵһȻ̨ˣҲ磬Щý顣
ǾŶӵĶӳȻ
һЩƵ֣̲ס̾޷ڰ֮ǰһǱУɡ
޽
һԵҶȣгһ޽һһɹɽγɵĽ׾پͷų
ҶʵҲգۼ䣬ʹ߶һ׹󣬶Ҳﵽʥ߶ȣȷһΪʥ֣
ĸ֣ƽΧһҶȴ߶Ľ󣬷׷׶ˣĸҶȶӡͨյĵز

ڰĺسʯ䣬Ӷ񴸣ݺݵڽ֮ϡ

γ״ֵ̬ס񴸹ལֹͣתʧȥ˸֪
˵ڰԵȷˣҲ෴¶˼⣬벻ҶʵȻǿֱһƣһȭڽ֮ϡ
䡭
£ڰιĽںɢʧ
ݣ
ɾڴʱӽƬ֮УͻȻѸײڶ֮ƣ̳һ
ڰƺδ״̬ΪһҶɺܴĳʱЩǱȻ̹
һѪȴڰ
벻Ҷռƣ
һЩ֣ȻЩԾ벻һĻ
·ǧʿΪղżֽкãǿ߾ǿߣһһʽǻ𣬾ǳ䲻⣬ʤ
ȻһʵҸղŸоĽδﵽҵĸ߶ȣһҪҵ첲ն
ڰԲûŭ쳣侲¶һɭɭЦݡ
ҶҲȻӦˮɱ꣬㶼޷֣ҲûʸƵ㣬ҵʵ㣬Ҳˣ˵ģ㣡
һȻڰ޻˵
ͷſµɱʩչһţΪ˵Ļûݡ
ԭһһڰԣʮ֣֮࣬ҶȣµӰԽ࣬δһʱ乥ǲҶΧϵķµӰԽԽࡣ
Իңǲּ۷Ѷңûжô
ɨһڰӰҶȿЩɵкܵΪͨӦѾȷڰԵ
ò϶ڰĸ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ٵڰԣȻȥڰԣ񴸣ͬٵأͬʱҶȻӶ񴸡
һĻΧʿĸо٣ͨ˹ʵڲ˼飬ʥеͨ
˶ΪҶȲܣһ£

ǵһʱҶȴģ´󲿷񴸣ֱӷڰԵӰ
Ȼܿ͸ҵѾˣҶȣЩãһ۷ԻãΣʩչҵġǿ򡯣
ڰԷ֮
𣿡
Ȼڰһ̣ѾͷǿͨսԾԵİգҪҶһɱ
ʥȻǿޱȣҶѾ׼ͻȻһ⣬ͬ裬һڰӰ
䣡
֮УȻһ񽣣͵ײڰӰ֮ϣʱӰʼʧһײڰǱˤ̨֮ϣһѪѴš


1993 ƵӪ
߽λʥ񷨱
ڰ𺳵ؿŲ񽣣ֿһҶȣ㣬ΪҲһλλʥ㲻Լ߶߽λʥ񷨱
ѵʲôϵ
ʥһ֮£ҲܵĲԩǰʵ֮£ôڰ˵ܡ
ҶһŹ˻ᡣ
νձڰԿưܾѶͻȻƤӿһѪɫâ˫ֹͫĹâ
˺Ȼվ·𲻾ʹ࣬ƣսȼգͣشܶ
ƺĳַţ
ҶȶƿأͿڰȼ߶һŽʱʧȥʶƳնɱǿС
벻һ
̨֮ϣƵ֣û뵽ͷҶռƣڰԣһ֮ϣִ߶һŹﵽ˶λʥ
Ҳ޷ԤϽ֣ڰԹ̵λҶɱƽ֣ΪƵھŶӵĶӳ
ȡ
ȼڰԣ˫Ѫ죬ѳԽһλʥҶȿ֮ʱȻԭʧһĿĺ⡣
գ֮ʣµȭͷȻҶǰ

̫£ٶȴﵽ˶λʥٶȻʵһλʥԵֵģպҶǿʵҲֻһλʥ
ȭͷҶ壬˶Ϊڰ£Ҷȱɣᱻһɱ
ȷҶҲ޷һȭ
˶ԣڰǿܶܣҶȣǲܶܣûѡܡ
ŭȭͷҶƣԻκһλʥĿ֮£ҶȾȻǿȭͷУûкһ
ѵҶʵǿ
˶뷨˾֮ʣҶȵΧһ屦ףǾ¡
һ󱦼ףҲʥƷʣ˰
ԭҶȣǿˡ
Ҷȣô˶಻
һЩƵ֣ʿеǿߣ׷׶һ⣬ǾҶӵеһһˡ
ϧ׼ڰԣ
Ҷȳûһڰŵ񽣣͵һڰ崩һѪԭȼڰԣˣϵѪâҲʧ
ҽΪЧķϣҲɱ㣬߶㣬˵ԴԻָ뿪ɣ
񽣻صҶʱΪһ̣飬Ӷ񽣣ڰһ
˭û뵽ҶȾȻ񽣣ٳ֣Ҫڰһ·
ߣ
ڰԽָ侲˵δӾ֮лعõҶʮָмŭһת߿ա
סʤңʤ֮ϣ첻㣬ҵȭͷ֮£
ʧڰԣڸ߿һݻ
һʧܵˣܻԼҸ̨ף˵ݻ
Ҷȴ⣬һٶҪ˵͹ʵֻ֪ӵкսɹΪƵŶӵĶӳ
ʱ˿̣·ʿɢȥ̸֮ǰһս
ҲƽܣҶȳΪھŶԶӳȻҲʮԵھŶӵĸӳΧҶȱʾףأҽƽܻٿᣬȻҪʽ֪Ƶˡ
Ҳ˳ûҶʾˣҶȴδǵˣδûѵǣӦ˼䣬žŶӸ֣ھŶڵĵ졣
;꣬ŵӵĸ֣ҶȱʾףأҶҲ󷽻񣬲δΪΪӳһȣˡ
ھŶڵĵʱʮ֣ԼʮˣӸ߲񲻵ȣվ߹ǰȴ
Ҷ֮ͬҶΪӳ
ΪӳҶоֹҲ͸ŸеϣˣȻҶڰԵĹϤΰļΪĽǣӵء
жʮλŮ澣𹬵С飬;ۼڹȴҶȡ
ι֮ҶȱŮɢȥʲôʲôûƶԼĹأҲûиıء
𸱶ӳһǸ߽λǱҶֱڴࡣ
ڱ֮ϵҶȣһɨˣλҶȾսڰԣⱦ֮ϣΪλߣϣλԺȫȫңԼԣ˶ҺãҲӱԱ˺ã໥ģӦףڱˣʲôֶΣɱĺ֮ҪŹڰһһǿߣ֣Աˣֶεˣҿɲģ
ﻰǽȻԴΪģհжģ˵ŵõսľƺ벻ҶûԵĺ֮ģ˼ȴ˸е⳹ǡ
ЩҸҵļ񣬷ָҰɣ
һö䣬Ҷķˡ
˸𾪣һ˵ˣôУƵĹأСǣТ㣬Сĸҽܣ
ƵأǵھŶӣãȥɣҶȻ˻֡
лˣ
ϲʩ̴Ŵ뿪
ʣҶһˣ˿յΧԼڵŮ澣δΪΪھŶӵĶӳΪλߣ˿ϲƽ糣ֻǿʼһҪӵƵ
һ󣬾иӳҶȣԭǴھŶ˵νТġ
ҶȵȻûҪԽͣǸӳȥ
սڰԳɹûչֹʵֻ¶պЩˣҴӽ䱸
Ϣ֮еҶȣûѹн硢ıһӴκ˽ԸӦ
һŰ𸱶ӳǰ뵺졣
߹֮ʱ;СӶӳһˣ˶ҶȽԼȻһ빬׵һЩУʮСӶӳһһƵְĸˣ츺ˣʮˡ
˶ҶȱʾףأûҲҶʶһ
ƽ٣ʽҶΪھŶӶӳҲڽҶȲĽı羪˵ʯʮ֮࣬Լٵȵȡ
ӮһƬԼ֮Ҷȴһ˼˽Ƶʵⷽ档
ڳʥ񣬴඼һλλλĽλֻʮ£ʮʥǵͽλʥ񣬵ҲһǿʵϵƽܣԼƽܰصδ֪֣ƵȷǸٹ̡
ҪƵҪԵǳƽܵǿʥ
ƵҲܣֻǰƽܳưһȻزٵǿߣЩҲҪȣΪƵĸл˽⡣
ֻи취ԸƵЧǾֱӰƽܸɵ
ɱ
Գɹƽܿвٱɱľ׳ɹ
ԸƽܣֻԸڰһͻȻսΪǵǿߣػ᲻ģĴ⣬Ҳлһ֣
ƵĺԼǰƽܣһнߣûа취ֶֻͨΣﵽĿģǵͻʥһ죬ʵΪƽնɱ
ȻУ󲿷ֶΧҶΪ⣬ҶȳΪ˹עĶһʱͷ
ҶȺƽ˵Ķǿ׻ΪӳҲֻµǿߣĸòá
󣬻ʸרҶ׽ἰǰȵȣ֮ԣҪҶȻɸΪ񲯣ҶҲô죬ʸ˳Ϊ֣һʸҲֻһСɫһֱûС


1994 ͻƶλ
صھŶӵ죡
ҶʵۣʲôҲŮ澷̣˴󸱶ӳҲ滻ڹΧѲߡ
λߵĸоҶȶԣͲʲôڷ̫λ棬Լɽ磬һͳһ磬Ϊ֮ϵĴڡ
ϲ˸棬ƵһҶҲֻȻܡ
Ϣ֮Ҷȿʼ˽ھŶӷ棬֣ÿһػߵĴΪʲôͨкεʹʲôҪյȻȥױ棬õھŶڸˮԼÿһ꣬ÿһʱڣ
ƵҪģȻѰҼˮ䣬ͬʱҲԸˣƽĿǰĶ֡
ⲻ֪ƽҼˮҶҲѰңںƽ벻ʵƤ»
֮ҶȾƿصھŶӷ棬ԼƵ߲㣬ദҲ
һ죬Ҷټ˴󸱶ӳҪԣλӳԼʮȥˮѲ顣
һټ֮Ҷȴʮˣʣµĸӳʱʲô£֪ͨ
뿪ƵħˮȥպõھŶӸˮħ
ħƵ֮ңʿ˵ҲǼ칦͵ˣټˮ򣬱Ƶħռһ롣
ˮʮˣЩڵھŶӣֵǿߣҶѲ飬һսս
˵ѲӣҶʵǰƽܵĵ̰ˣҲץסᣬ磬Ƭˮ򻷾һһ֪
˰Ͳ˽ƵһУһԸƽܣˮ
ˣһ̶֧ӽˮ򣡡
ˮѲʱȻַҶȻ㱨
Աһ𸱶ӳչأǽˮ̶ӣҪҪ·ѣǽƵҪϽһǮ
ǾͰϹذ£ҶȾֻȥ¡
Ѳӣ֮ŻصƵ
ǡãҶʢ룬þƺòдš
һ֮ҶȱŮ£ȻȻʵֿ֪ƽһЩƿصܣ
ķ棬Ҳ֪࣡һߡ
Щ֣ˮ¿ο֮ģ
˵ƽߵĸ֣ȷмˣ⼸ҲֻǼһˣǴﵽλʥĴڣͨƵǴڣҲֻͨƽܰʩչͨƵϢû˿Ի֪ˮ¿Ǽָÿʮ꣬ƽܴܶˮ¿ֵþ˵ıǧ۵ĲƸ̫ˣ
סֶӳλߣҲܲˮ¿񣿡
ȻģЩ£һֻһͷΣƵԼԭ򣬻Ϊ˱ǶܳңΪУƽֻƵ񣬽Ǹڿ£ԼĸҶ֣ĪǺˣˮ¿⣡
Ϊأ
ʮа˾ţ֮ĵˮ¿ˣΪˮɺѣδɼ꣬Żд󲿷ˮ֮У»Ҫʮ꣬ܰˮ¿ɸɾҰ£޷㣬ԸƽܣԼõˮ¿Ҷֵܣˮ¿ƽһ˵ģǺ֮Ķʮ߹вƲҲº˲ˣɱᣡ
Ҫ˵˾ԣЩ꣬ҲδŶԸƽܣԿҲǺĵҲһǿߣʵֻѷɫƽְܼˣͷֺãͷõôǸã
Ҷֵ⻰˵ģӦøең
𣿡
Ҷȷһ䣬ǳЦ
˽෽棬ֱ뿪
ӳݣ˵λߣǲܲƽܵҪ£ᣬҪȴ
ʱҶ䣬һ˳˼ţΪھŶӶӳޣʱҲæµʵһЩëƤС¡
ЩӳĶ뷽跨۲Ƹķ棬ںӳݣ׷ĲƸҶȶԣȫʲôҪ࿿ƽܵĻᡣ
Ǽ겻֪ȥʮƵһʱᣬܶкûᣬż뿪Ƶ˵ǳȥתһתʵһᣬͻƶλ
Щ꣬ҶƺȥδоУʵȻʱ䣬ڲԴո֪֮УΪѴﵽһλ۷塣
ˮҶȱҸ֧ӣôǾ͵صȴ
߶ǧͼѰһƬʯȺûʿʩչ󣬿ʼҴ߶ӡȫԪʼڣ׷ӿս֮С
ڵһԴԱߣһƬԪ
Ҫϴնɱٺӣ㹻Ҵﵽ߽λ񣬶ұԴҲԶԶá
УҶҲڼƻж磬նɱҶʱ£㹻ĲƸԼ½УҲиա
ϲͻƵ߲̤ÿ̫æҪһʱ䡣
ᣡ
ԪΪһɴСҶҲû߶ȫӡʼԪŻһһߴСԴˡ
ڶԴҶ˳λ
ž飬鲢ңʹȻš
֪ʮȥˣھֻ꣬ʣһٶʱ䣬ʱǿãϾУ߲ǰףҪҪбΪӤһγɳ
һعʱѾſʼ
һڰѾգӣ뼸ӻϣˮ˹䡣
صƵҶȱ㿪ʼȫҷͨ壬䣬ͬʱһͨԼںϡ
̤񣬴ǧͼմԴﾫҲ߲۷壬ҲҪ̤Ʒʡ
鿴ǧͼںҶȻǺģо䣬Ҫǧͼƾ꣬ǧͼ²Ʒʣ޾ʱ䣬ǧͼпռ䲻Ͻ
һԴ磬ΪıÿһǼֵǣҶȲϧرҲǴǧͼٶȾ˵Ҫԭ֮һ
λҶȵʵҲﵽһλλʥ֮䣬ҪԽʥԽʵ״ﵽҶȴﵽʥ񾳽磬ôһλʥӵоŽλʥʵ
ҶȶԣͬȾ֮ڣκ˶Ķ֣κ޷еùʥҲһʥǸ߼ҶȲԵͼԽ˵ĸ߼̫ز
һ޷Ƶڹͼ߼֮𣬾ҶȣҲͬǰԽ߼
粻ߣܵҲԽԽࡣ
ȫʵʱ״һЩ߲㣬ھŶӲ죬ҶȼֹͣУӭӡ
ĿģҪǹҶЩ꣬ǷӦһУЩҪĵطԼʲô鷳ΪҶṩ
ҶԺþƺòˣдˣóٵıԼ壬׷תһĸ߲㡣
ʵʸˡһģҪĿĻΪƣҶȿһ㣬ǽӴŵӦ֡
Ҷֵܣ
˺ôףԼڸ߲㣬ƺıˣͬԼˣǰҪץѲⷽˮܻϤԼˮĶ򣬵ͣ
һ
һشһ湧Ϻꡣ


1995 ˮ
ʮʱ䣬ҶȾ֣ŵķʽƵλߣʵϣʱ䣬ڲУΪѴﵽλ۷壬̤λ
ʵͬʱӽλʥҲжλʥʵһ죬ɴǱ޵ҶȣԼƵͻȻһϢȻһ
Ƶ𶯵ϢҲֻһܣǾǼˮ
Ҷȷϵ빬Ƶ߲󲿷ֶˣһƽһִӵ֮ϡ
ոյ߱ˮڡƵˮǿ߶˹ȥҲܴնɱˮѻᣬӵʮȥһ
ƽܵ´˵꣬Լӣһʧڹ
ȻҶĶӵĶӳҲæȥټ
֧СӹٶˣܿƵΧᣬӳ죬޾ˮ
ƵƵкܳ룬ں֮ˮвƫĩλãʵҪƵԼħ
У֧Сããˮ֮УǰǰƵ̣ӳϵ
ȴ֮УҲҶȼʶƵħƵ֮⣬һǿߣնɱˮ֮Ĵ󲿷ˡ
Ҳ˹ͨҲƵдһҶ֪Ļ
μˮڰƵҲżȻݿɿ鱨ԭǰƵߣˮᣬ˼ˮʱˮ·׷ɱֲ֪ΪΣˮƺ밽Ƶַˮټ¶
ҶȴһֲһٶȥһֱûмˮϢԭһͲں֮֮С
ƵߣҶжţΪں֮һ֮Уʵǰǳƽܵġ
ΪΣ£ҪӼˮ
ִҹ棬һ֮ȺףԽԽңһߣΪ֮ĵİпϣˮڱ֧ΪµߣҲˮڶҲҲһ˷ӣǰˮок¼ˮܹŲòðձˮ
˵ֿܣпܣ
Ժȷ࣬ں֮ĵǿߣڹעƵˮ밽ƵйһɱĿãŹϢ˿ѾΧڰƵζȻӲȥкҲõϢ¾ˮԻ뿪ƵƬˮҲӲ׷ɱ
һֻ˺ƽһСӣƵΧȴĪҪƽûʱʱ̿ҵ㣡
ףҲСģ
ֹ
ҶȰعμˮǲѷɣ·ˣȥη
Լһ칤׾ʹż֣ӰƵɳ
ټҶȵӳȻӳ񣺡ڰƵ֮ϣλ߾ۻᣬߵ˼ֿ֧жƬˮѰҼˮ
£ˮỹڰƵɣһӳ̲סʵ
𰸣ֻ֪жɣκϢҪһʱ棬ĪҪĦ
ǣ
ӳŸͬ
Ҷȴʮˣ߾ƵĴ죬ˮѰţݺˮʱʱкԼ¶ϢƿصΣգڶ࣬ٲɢޣ
һѰȥ԰ƵΪ룬ҶȴΧˮһˮϸѰңϧֻδκη֡
ҶȴһϿѰʱͻȻой΢ϤϢһٶȳһʥ񣬶ʵҲǿĵز
߶龻֣Ӧ֮һΪϤϢ̺һ׷
ȻһϵǿߣҶϤģֻһˣƽܡ
ҶؿǰˮȻڰƵƽǹϢԼ٣أûдӣһҪȥ
ʲôΣ
룬ɣͨ壬ʩչ֮һ߿գȻ߶龻֣ӦƽܵϢ
ܿ˵һ־΢΢ڿ֮С
ƽλʥ񣬶ҶʵҲﵽλʥҶڵĸӦ˵λʥ񣬾λ߽λʥ񶼿ԸӦͻȫɱӵеʵ

߶ǧͼϢ׷ȥ
ֻһṦڽӽƵڲһܴĽʯȺҶͣΪƽܵϢ⸽ʯȺһǳˮ򣬶һǴ֮Уˮ֮£ӦһƬܿˮɽ
ʯȺǧ֮࣬ҶȼӦĿĵأǰףһȺʯȺһˮλͣ
һˮˮҪˣֱﵽʮңˮԵúƽˮ֮£ƽϢڵĵط
ţƽܣмϢжʥǵϢƽϢҪǿʢԼˮλãǳˮ֮ɽڲռ䣬ôȫʥ֣
Ӧ֮󣬵õĴ𰸣Ҷһ󣬶벻Ȼȷһ㣬ǰƵĵ̣ƽһģʥʮа˾ţҲǰƵĸ֡
֪һ֣͵͵ˮʲô
ǱȥףͷźϢͷˮͬԴϢں֮ˮ֮Уһ˸ӦҲֻΪǺ
½֮һ磬Ѻˮס͸磬Լ·ռ䣬һգûкˮĿռ䡣
ٿΧΪھĺۼ˵ˮ¿ռ䣬ǿġ
߶һں֮׶ٴ磬½ذĵ¿ռ䣬ռӦˮɽ룬ĺˮǿ߳룬н롢ӡγһ¿ռ䣬ʥ֮еǿߣ޷Ӧ֮£һռ䡣
ҶҪռʱһЦĴӰռ֮´Ҫҽܣ
𣿡
һɭˮ;ĩ·ҵϣֻҺһѡ񣬽ͼϷ㣬ɣʵ֮ǰĳŵҺƿغ֮ģΣ
ˮ
֮ǰǵȻǼˮġ
˵֮ĶѰҵļˮˮɽռ֮ڣ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬶תת꣬һֱҪõˮ䣬û뵽־ҵˮ䡣
ңˮһ
ԭǱУǰƵĸֻ֣ɾ˲˵˫йɱǾʵ߹һѹ˼ˮõʲôͼ
ƺһţҪ¶
·ռ俿𽥵ģ͸ӦƽϢڣϢһϢҵλá
ܿ죬һĿ󾮿ռ䣬չ¶һЩʯͷųĹâѿ󾮿ռӳЩҶȾͼһһӰˣڸ߿ո·˾ƽܡ
ƽҪʲôֶΣܱǿߣһҵ·ľǺݽɫ
ʱҶȾƽ׾룬˸պڶĿ󾮿ռϷţͨǧҶȿԷƽܣƽֲܷҶȣ˵Ҷȼһ


1996 繫
˽ƽܽӴƵҶܵѹȸӾˣƽȻλʥȻʵѴﵽλʥ˵ǿ
·󾮣֪⴦󾮱˶ãӷ״̬˺ܳʱ䣬λãһӡΣʬǣΧƯǿߣΪһ󺺡
ƣȻƽܻҪˣȻǰƵߣ
ҶȼڶԺ֮ĵߡ
Χˣһλʥ񣬶ھΪѴﵽλʥ񣬼ΧĴ֣ȷǺ֮֮УǰĴڡ
λʥ񣬼һλʥ˴ƣҪԸεȵǿߣ
֮У׹룬һӣһۣһ˫˫ͫȧǼߣɼǼгǸ֮ˡ
ˮ
Ҷ˲ȷӵݣܵ˶ԴȻͬǿɣҶȴӼˮϢ֮УȻܵһɴˮϵˮƺպܾ˵ˮϵˮϵ
֮˲Ҳһݺˮͨǡ
ˮ֮ģȴѹйˮ¿ռ䣬ʵ겻ѣһ棬Ҳ־ǿ
ڴʱ֮еļˮͻȻЦҼˮΪԼĺ֮伫ȴû뵽ջǱȲϸֶθԶţ޳ܣȻ͸Ծ綾
ƯϷľԳֵ⣬ƺöֶΣ̫Լ̫߹Լˣˮҵóϣʵ󣬷ǳʱȻҪ÷ǳֶΣҪлңðոṩӻֵɳĸ֣ɱ˰ɣ·ҲŹ㣿
Ϊõͼ
ȻӵеͼҲһֱˮ׷ɱ㣬ˮǶˣóͼһ
㣿
ѡ𣿼ˮⱲȱĲ٣ЩϣжֻͬҪͼһõͼϷ뿪ԺԶ뺣֮ģԶԶģ
˵ıȳĺ
֪ˮˣûоĶƣڰ׹Ƕ֮У쳣ɭ΢Цš
Ϊ˵ͼδǣԸˮΪνĵͼˣ׷ɱˮǿߣΪ˵õͼƽܶˡ⵽ʲôͼ
һݵͼú֮߶⣬Ȼ򵥣ҶȻ޷ʲôͼ֮뺣֮й
ǰƽܣҲھ۾˫Ի
ЦˮǽȻڳ⸱ǲͼҲὲκ֣ģҲɱ㣬һԶʲôʱ򽻳ͼҾͷ뿪ɣ㲻ҿкܶʱ䣬ܶ෽˵ڣ
ŻңҼˮݺˮ꣬ѵŴģ֮Уˮʼ磬һΪȻģ
Ǹ㣬ڵľ綾һ⣬ûнҩĹƶȻֻ䷽ΪƶնɱһǿߣӶõģζҲˣƶѪϸΪƳ棬ʳ࣬Ĺ裬Ĵԣ
޳ܣһ
ˮ磬ģ£󲻳ɣֲ꺢ӣѵʵᣬ㲻ܲ͸淨˭ֶΣгǸܻһøãã
ͼŹң
Ȼ
ȻȻ𣿡
ˮЦţЦ·𲻴Լ·ҵȷ꺢ӣ֪֮жôˣھ򣬻ʮ֮һǵõͼ֮İ㣡
ǲ֪֪ı󣬻ҴĲƸ
Ҳɵӣ˭ҪȻǿ˵ͼԴһڣУھǷʱУǲǣˣܵõʲôô
Ҫ
һоʹ̲סԼˮ֡
֪ǷݵͼʲôˣԭǺ֮Ǵصһͨ
ϸ֮Ҷȸ㵣ͼܣǺܾˣ֮·ˮ¿޴ĳ̶ȣѾ޷һõǶྪ˵ĲƸ
ֲãƽܣԼ֮ĸնɱˮնɱǻ׽ˮӶõͼпɿΪ֮ߣʱ˾˲Ƹں֮ʲô
ȥһһΪһǸã
ƲԳԷƣˮܰɣ
ϣȻŭһȣһ⣬ˮڡ

ɲǼ䣬ˮƤͳִͬĶĳӣЩӿʼζȥֱˮҲ
һߣʱȴʹ

ŭһǿߣϸ߿գ뿪˿ռ䣬ʣλʥ֣ؼΡ
ƽҪˣ
ֻǼҶڿǣҪҪԼˮ֣ǰŪ֮ʣ͸ܵһϢڲӿ
ǰһƽСӣ·ΣڵԽԽˡ
Īһ֮ԸλʥǿߣӶӾƤ£߼ˮɣ
һĻҶ𺳵˵
ܵƽܺܲһ㣬Ƶں֮ڶ֮УǿħƺƵ֮ϣƽʵȻﵽܾ˵ĵز
ҶϣƽҪʥֳֵĻôʵɲǴﵽλʥ񣬼п߽ܿλʥֻӵоԣԽǿߵʵﶯ֡
Ҫʱ䣬ֳɹ˵ƽӵо˵ʵֶΡ
ƽܲϿٶȺһֱʵҾո뿪ҲҪһʱܶ֡
Űʱ֮
ƽͻȻҶע֮£һͬӥ䲻⣬֣˫һ֣֮⣬ȥ
С
һ֣·ҲвֶΣͻȻӦʲôո˫ۣ˵һʱ֮һҲԱ֡
̣
˷·ľͷһһʱͷɢǱǰһ̣ʥǿǷ԰
ɱ
Ϣͬʱɱһµƽܡ
ǿϵϢѵǣ֮еļˮɫ粻
ȷǿһ֣
߿գҶȿһĻƽ̫ǿˣһ˿ͬλǿߣռݾơ

գʯײâȻͼ֣ƺ޷֮ƽͻȻΣ˺ֹ֮
ţ
۾񣬿ŽҪʲôʱͻȻҶȿǰӦ֮УһӰɱ˳
ಣ
ƽƺҲӦˣ˺󼸲
žžž
ǵӰֱƽܣƽ˺󼸲ͻȻı䷽򣬵һƣͰ˵λʥǿߣգɱ
ƽ˫üһ裬Ц㣡
Ҳû뵽㣡Ǻ˷һǳ
Ϥ
Ҷ֮һ㵣ΪߵȻҲֻƬ̼䣬Ժͳĸ֡
繫ӣ


1997 ߽
繫ӣҶôǣ
׷ɱˮ֮Уˮ֮УеĲ繫ӣŶһ٣٣ҶȵҲò繫ӣΪΣգһֱҶȶʲôʱ繫ӡ
֪־£ٴμ繫ӣ
繫ӵʲôˣΪλ
ҶҲһֱĥ繫ݣʵӦ֪Ҷƫƫ㣬Ӵʱ繫ӼпܣҲǺ֮һߡ
Ϊƽ䣬Կʶ繫ӣʮϤ
û뵽Ҽˮܵô˵ţ
֣ڿ󾮰նԳʱ֮еļˮֺǺǵĴЦʹ죬ʵǿ֮ĩ
ΪУ
ƽܣʱʱޣ䲻ͬʱҲݵĲ繫ӡ
ƽܵǿƣ繫ԵôݵöࣺĿģԼĿģһģ˲ϲѹͷϣһҪߣ
䣡
˵꣬ƽܱһ׹֮ȭ򲽷繫ӡ
ٶﵽ˼£ȻλʥǷġ
繫ӵһӶ㱻׹ˣɾ㵵˶֮УʵģҶˣʵں֮ģǰѽΣ

һоڿ󾮿ռ䲻˲ƣգ۾һƣڲ繫ǰ繫ӷӦһָƶɲǿ潻棬γŤУͬʱ˼
ǿǿƽǿ繫Ҳ˶δʩչǿƴƣ繫ܰƽעȫȥˮҵģ
ûᡣ
ؼˮ֣ѱƽնɱƽ벽繫ӽ֣ȫûעˮҶõĻᡣ
Ƕ˽ֻһ̽׶ΣǴʱֳͱأҶȿɲ볬Լǿ߽֡
ȴš
Ҷ
ν֮ƽͻȻϢˡ
ⲻǶˣ֮Ҳ繫ӲδŭһЦԵϡƽ
ߣЩһֱڰеΪľǳΪ֮ĵͳߣκ赲ǰҪնɱ
ƽܷһŭڲ繫ԼҶȣ֪ʱȻϣƤϣƣȻ֮⣬γһףкγһ׹֮ì
ˣˣϵɵָͨ߶ȣʥܲģƽܵõĳϵǿߵĴУֲģ
ס׹֮ìͳͳƹʥǹ޼սͨȻͨҲǾ׵Ĵڡ
ŶƶˣƽܣĪʵ
Ȼ繫ӣδƽһʩչ֮ͨ΢΢Щɫ仯侲
ͣ
Ȼ䣬׹֮ìȻƿռ䣬ƽܣٶȡƶͷͻȻ
죬Ĳ˼飬֮ǰ˼֮ࡣ

̫ͻȻˣ繫һȭӭȥ׹֮ìú˼ҲһƬѪ
繫ˣ
㵵һɨƽܣüʵȻﵽ˰˽λʥĳ̶ȣصù
ɱ㹻ˣ
ƽʩչֱײٶȣӶֱۣδ̳׹֮ìͬ磬򲽷繫ӡ
繫ԵЩǱΪƽܵʵȻ̫ͻȻû׼ڻǿԻⲿֹ
ҪҪ֣͵Ϯƽܣ繫һѣ
û뵽Ʒת繫ΪӦλʥ񣬳ƽܣߣӦƽ֮ϡ
˭֪ƽӵа˽λʥʵò繫һֲ
ƽҪնɱ繫ӣҶȵе㲻ţƷչȥ繫ӶȻƽƴһˣˮƽܵģҶǲԻƲסƽܣ͵ϮĻ繫յǲܵġ
һ̤ͬûлͷԸƽܣ벽繫ӶҪΣ֮УڣҶȻƽ濹⡣
ʱ䲻ˣֻϺ꣬¾ҪӦϹҪǰɱ㣡
ƽһ䡣
ɱ⿪ʼڣȻҪڽ֮УҪѲ繫ʯ
ͨѵҾûб֮ܣ繫ӶȻһЦȻΪǱƣҲʼڲͬ
𣿡
źһƽ̤ƿռ䣬һδ̳׹֮ìεƣ١
䣡
ٶԳ֮ǰ׹֮ìв繫֮ʣΧγɿµıըˣƬƺ˲繫ӡ
⣡
ҶͻȻһ繫ӡ
ʧֻ繫һһɰ֮⣬Ϊȫ֮⣬Ϊƣ׹֮ìγ֮ơ
̫ˣ֮ĵǿߣһƽӹ֮
²˳٣ҶҪ繫ӣˮһˣǲܴ߼ˮģǴһ޵ӿ򲽷繫ӡ
ƽγɲµƣ繫˫üͻأһϱ¶Цݡ
Ҳ벻żȻһİˣȴ˽ȹͷְܳﵽʮӶʮ˭Ҳ޷
ಣ
˻δɱƽ֮ʣڼϷһµҶȣͻȻֱֳӷΡ
ˣ
ƽܶʱӦ벻벽繫ӣеˡ
ƣעɢ֮ʣ繫嶼Ϊһ˵İ⣬ָһѹƽе׹֮ìô顣
ۣ
˶ƽܣɵһѪȻ󲻹˲繫ӣһ㣬һ֮⣬Ը߽λʥҶȴƶȥ
Ҷ͸ӦƽܹߣĻ׵õˮ⣬ͲǵõˮǷɢƽעò繫ӵ֣ϣΪľƽܾʧȥ侲
֮⣬ҶȼΡ
ĶңҪɱ𣿽ˮҲҪƫҪɱ㣡
繫ǡôһ񽣣ֱˣʵƽѴͬȸ߶ȣǲ繫ӵĺС
㣡
ƽԷͷżҪɢעʵһԸҶȣһӦ繫ӡ
֪Ҷȵ޷õˮǲ繫ȴһռƣһ֮ƽܷˡ
ô˻ᣬ繫Ҷȴ֮Ҷȵһ߶һɹУҪΡ
ߣ
ƽ˫۵ɴҶȣһҪɱҶ
óѣƽܣĶң

繫Ӱ֣Ӷ񽣣һƽϵףһͰƽˡ
ಣ
ͬʱҶȴ߶⣬˼ΣڼˮҧгݣΪ֮ʣżΣ˴䣬һöﵽ߽λʥĴ䣬Էˮ
ߣ
繫һҶǰְֳ񽣣ȻҪΪҶȿ·Ҷϵǡô
߲ˣ
ƽܿɲᣬװ׿żˮ֣֮ƣץ׹֮ìҪҶ벽繫նɱ
繫һЦ㲻ҪˣӦʮڣܸϵˣǿҪսһգ㻹ˮһգҲ¶ݣԼʵαأ
һסһģϣԸģΪ֮ߡ
ƣƽҲɵã׹֮ìһ󾮿ռ䣬̶繫ҶҲ뿪˵¿ռ䡣


1998 嵺
繫ҶȷɳʯȺʱѼƽټǰĿһҶȾŲ繫ӷ޾߿֮С
ûɳãҶȾ͸Ӧһɱ뽸ʯȺ
ϧ˲ա
繫ҶȾԶ밽Ƶˮ򣬽Ų繫ӴҶȷңԶˮԶٶȣҲǰ֮󣬱һƬǰ
Ų繫Ӵ߶ӡһ²ˣ¶һۡ
ҶȣҲָò
繫Ц⣺벻ֻǴҴһ𣬽컹ԵҸ벻ֶԸƽܣ
ಣ
ҶѴ䣬׸繫ӣȻﻰʵҲϵһ죬ټ棬ǡ
֮Ķʮĵ֮һ嵺
嵺ǣ
ǺǣǷ嵺ĵ˳絺һϲ˻Ҳ繫ӣ絺ֻں֮İˣ
ȻǺ֮ĵߣ
Ų繫Ҽ򵥽֮Ҷо;ޱȣ֮ǰ׼жٵĴ
嵺ƯһƬƽ棬ţǺ֮ģʮ֮һҶй˽⣬Ƶħ֮ϣ밽Ƶ࣬Ǻ֮ǰļ֮һ
֪Сֵγƺǿߣ繫ӼҶȷ嵺;ֺʵ
Ҷ̹ȻʵĿˮУԼȡһЩҪıҪʵΪĿǰҲ벻µݣ
𣿡
繫˸ɻĿ⣬תת˺һ󣬵ȷûȻ
Ҷȣƽ£ھŶӵĶӳ
һ벻
繫̲ס쳤ХǼЦֲҶأԭƽµǿߣƽܶԿκԴҲ벻
֮УҪһ֮ʱѡƽܣΪƽֻǺ֮֮Уʵһ׶Ը˭˵ʵȻλʥ񼸱
ǰЩ꣬ƽʱнʣϾ֮ĵİȻ򵥣ȻҲ׼벻ʵȻﵽ˾˵İ˽λʥ֪Ǻ֮֮Уֻ֮ǰƿߣΪǸ߽λʥ󲿷ֵߣλ߽λ£Ȼ粻Ǵﵽʥ۷壬ÿߣʵ벻ͨ
繫һ̾Ϣ֮ҶѾ嵺ϷֵҶֵܼȻû֮أҵϣ
֮£뵺ǻᣬҵǻԥѲϿƽܣһΪĸԸҲ׶ˣ
Ǻǣ̫֮ʿ󲿷ǶᱦٲΪʵڳʱں֮ĵʿһ㶼˴£޷㣬ܵģĿʵҾͲǿˣԺҪʱں֮ģҪϸµĽ飬ӭ
繫ӵһ⣬Ҷӿһ֮ͨУգۼ䣬˾ͳһӲӵĹ֮С
֮ڣûκˣ֮⣬֡
繫Ӽ򵥽һҶӡȻƷ裬繫ʵĪǸƽܣҵǴˮ¿ռ䣿
ţպƽܶݣΣƵ֮УҲֻһͨĴڣƽ벻ˣƻμƻҶӦ
˵ʵλգ̫СƽˣҶֵܣµõˮȻֵҲΪǾһͬˮ¿Щһ
ԣνΪΪʳµõӦеľ㹻ˣ˵ʵʵƸԸѡǰߣ
£˶ѡǰߣǺ֮ģʿиԵĹȥҪΪǿߣڵ죬˶ѡߣˮõƸ֮󣬻صطݣõõĲƸ¿ʼģ𿴳Ϊ֮ĵߣ͸߸ϣĳһǿսҪڷֿܣûпܣں֮ģȴżʣ
˵繫¶һ꣬ԼΡ
Ҷں֮ģǿ֮УΨһ뷨ǿߡ
繫Ҳ֪㺣֮ģһ·
һƾƣһƲˣ֪ΪΣӵ㱻׷ɱһۼʱҾ;ʶĸоŻ᲻ϧ˷һѣ
֮£ҲǸмϾõɵǰ£
žνԵ֣벻ˣҲֿЦͷһиЦͷһ죬ܻص½ţʵҲһͨŵĺĵӣϧűɣҲŲˮ𽥳ưһҵ룬гһգǿʵԼĲƸţ
Ըһʵֵģ
Ǿͽֵܼԣ
繫֮󣬱߶һ⡣
֮УҶȷӡˮĴ䡣

һΣͻأӿƯڲա
ˮڰ׹֮УѾϰ߱ƿصˣʮֵȻ繫ʱ¶һ𾪣絺벻㣡
繫ӸˮúΪ֧֣Ŵԣû뵽нɣҲϻ֪ҵĿģͼɣͬҵͼǻŹһ·ģ
ǿ
ƺˮЩˣڷһ䣺ͼûˣ֪ǹͨķλȥ絺ҿԴȥͨһң
㻹ɣֻϺ꣬һף㣿繫ӿ֪ˮʲôˣδܵӰ졣
һҶҲͷⲻţǼˮһ֮ƣ
Ǿûа취ˣ˵ʵֶɣţһ˵ʲôˮ㲻˵ʲô
ʱ䣬ҲżһʱᣬõǼˮɲԸ˵ĶʵЩ㰵ˮ˷ˣͬʿĶ֣ɳϣ
絺Ī㻹Ǹ˾Ӳɣ
ʵĺãʵĺã
ҲǺöƽܡǺöͷһ֮ѣ
ͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣡
繫վΧż˼ȦҲòϣˮʿһǸɾģеˣȴִ֪磬иȣֻҪиȣⱲӣҲͻİãԱ㣬¾žƥҲ׷㣡
˼ĪҪϻˣҪ˵˵ˣҪҪɱɣоĹƶ㲻Ҳܵĥ
ʱˮֱǺģһνģ
ģ
Ҷ򲽷繫ӣΪ֮ߣʵ֮ǿƶҲֻĥҲ֪ǲɱκ̷ֶΣҲûôֻҪǿߣԳƿȡļ䣬ԻϤһˣ
С˵ˮȻŭ
˵ԭˮµ
繫ӻȻ򣬶Ҷٴ࿴ǰˮԭ۸ǣûоʵϻȡܣ޿֣һףҲֻ񣬿ԴԪ֮Уȡļ䣡


1999 ƽֶܵ
ҶһˮҪ繫Ҳ׹
ڼˮû֮ǰģ޲ðҶԵ
ҶȺȻһԵĲ繫ӣʱӦҶһԣҶȳˮµ𣬿Դ֮Уѻ󷨣ļ䣬񣬵һطҪһʵʩչպÿԿԪܿƼˮԪһܶΣ
û뵽ҶֵͨҪҵ񣬲ףôȥԼˮѻꣿһȡܣȻһУҵĵģҼˮҲ֪һ㣬ҵǰԼǰֵ޼ɵ
Ըˮֻֻôһ취
Ҷֵܣʲôʱ򣬿Դﵽӵʩչطʵ
ң
ͺãʱ䲻ʲôˮʱʱӦòʲô⣬ֻƽ֪ˮ˾ưոݵģ֪ʲô취Ըң
»ʱʱ̿ƵעƽܵĶʲôٶӦÿԷ֣ʱһʱ֪ͨ͸ǣϻȥƽҲɣ
ҶȾͱȭ뿪
繫ʩչͨͱҶ뿪嵺
֮
Ƶˮ
ҶΧͨ幵֮ͨ󣬵֪ոյõҪӣʣѰҼˮ
ھŶӸպҪȥҶȱͨȥˮһᣬڸ߿
ԭˮͱֲãôûκջ񣬾ϧٸҲвƽ絺ƽܵʵȻȰ˽λʥңҪԴ
ҶȿУ֪ڲĺˣ̾
Ƕʡ͵ĵơҶҡͷһ̾
ԭ֮ĵˮ¿һͨӦǰĳǿߣھĿ֪ͨʲôԭ򣬷ˣ֮ĺǿߣֿھһµͨͨڿϷ߱Եˮյĵͼ¼ͨӦֱͨ룬õͼˣ
˶ҵˮԭ絺˽⣿
˵Ĳ繫ӰɣΪ㣬㶯֣йνʣǵзѣں֮ĵߣҶᱣһ룬絺а˵ֶΣȻֶΣӵеģȻҲУĺϲһˣں֮ĵʲô粨֮УڱõһȻݣһõˮҲѣ飬ˣһǵ㣬ۣûл˷ϣⶣһʮء
ף繫ܳΪߣȻҲʡ͵ĵƣͬӪǲŹˮģǰҪõͼҪɱˮҲȻҪõͼھͲ⣬һԼģڣаտѻͨʱüˮڣܵõͼڶҲҪһ㣬ƽ֪ˮڲ繫Ȼһֻ۱һֻۣ
˵絺֣߼ˮ
Ӳ繫ӵ̣߼ˮ᲻Ҳ̫ܣҾãƽܼܻ赶ɱˣ
˼ǣϢ¶ȥǿ߶絺֣
ţӦûȡְ취һʯ񣬼ȿԶԸ繫ӣֲԼпܵõˮһ
㲻Ҫˣ֮ĵ֮УмˣʵǿƽǰϢȥҪõˮ̫Сˣ˴絺У߼ˮˮһǿУƽܻûа취õˮ
˵Ҳ
һ֮ҶҲһʱûаգƽܻȡʲôֶΡ
ֵ˵ƽܻȥʲôǿߣԾѹ絺ǿߣҪ߼ˮ˰գҲ˳ɱԵ絺
Ҷȳ˼һᣬˣʱһעƵĶҪȥƽܵһһ治ף
ʲôһʱңбǰƵҪչҲҪﵽˮǰǵʵ
˵꣬̾תȥ
ҶĿȥ֮󣬵ͨ׷϶ȥ
صƵҶȾԴǿߣƵķѲߣ˵ѲߣʵΪעƽܵĶ
죬δκ쳣ڲ繫Ҳûκη粨
ƽ̫죬ҶȲɵþһɽ¥ζ
һ죬Ƶ뵺졣
ɽ֮УȻһ
һֱ죬ƺͨƵڵ֮С
ಣ
ֻһӰϷȻƽܡ
߻һߡ
Űʮͷպһӳء
İɣ
ߵͷһ⣬Ȼһӳ֮С
絺ƽʲôˣװװѼˮø㣬ҵòĶҲõ
ƽܶڰߵȴţϸֽթЦΣȻòˮҲõôҡ
һֱȥ
죡
ꡭ
ͻȻһˮ˴ܳˮ棬ֻ֮ǰӳصˣһͷƽǰ㶨ˣͷūԳǸץģպūԳǵĻ֮һ
ɶ࡭һˣһҲƽܡ
벻ҪһĻ᣿ŶֵǰǴ󹦣ƽܹص˵
࣬ʲô˼
ߣһֱѰҼˮɣ
ʲôϡģƬˮкѰҼˮ
ᵽˣ֪ˮ䣬֪˭ƽܣϷ֮ĵߣϻȥǵߴ˵ƽ֪ˮ䣬ȥɣĺϢ
ƽصЦ˵֮󣬲ݺӦһƺºӳء
Աߣ˼ϲߣ絺鷳ˣߣҲֵܵĶ֣
ߣԣһ֮أ
ڨڨһЦƽͫǵ⡣
˲һ죬ˮ棬ͻȻðһˮݡ
Ļ죡
ƽ˺󼸲ʵҲòֵĺ
࣡
һ۾޺Ӻˮ֮зɳƣȻҲʥһǸ߽λʥ񣬼ƽܣͷʾ⣺ƽܣȻ㣡
ʶңƽһ
԰Ǻ֮ģˮϷÿߣǶָƣʶ㣬ȴʶǣ
أƽʵ
߿ɲܼ࣬ģˮҲûߣƽܣʲôҪ󾡹ᣬ⣬߶͸ˣ
ãܴǵߣ
ȻֻҪʮֵֹҪҶԴӦ
ƽǰһͻȻõƲˣҵҪ󲢲ѣǶ˵ܼ򵥣Ҫǵ֧֣֧֣ҳΪ֮ĵƿߣ
ԭҪ֪֮Ķߣϣߣ֧ǣߴδӦκһߣ֪ΪʲôߴӲں࣬ʲôߣҪھͿԻظ㣬УҿԴӦ㣬ѴǱضְæ֮ǰģʵҲǼӴӦҪ󣡡
ߵ˼
мӣ߿Ц


2000 ͻλ
ԳЦЦЦݣֱƤЦⲻЦȻƽܵһ£ѴӦҪƽܣڸ˵ˮɣ
ƽԥһᣬǵˮڷ嵺һֱ絺н
ಣ
һףһƽܣԺϵκ飬߶Ƿ嵺絺еֶΣ
˵ȷõƽܣ¶Цݡ
еֶΣˮ֮УǰҲʵʵʲô
ߣ
԰˵꣬·ˮأðһſźͷ­ʮ֮࣬ʥǿ
źˮأһںһݣʧȥ
ȻֵܲȫţԼ·˭֪飿
ƽܴߣϿգͫͻȻһЦ絺ҵҪ㻹ܷ첻ɣҵòĶҲõ
ֺܿʧںĵ֮ͨС
ƽΧˮ
ҶȴʮھŶӸ֣һֱˮѲš
ȥˣƽûж繫Ҳల£֮ߣҲûж󲿷ǿעɷڰƵ֮ϡ
Ī˶´ˣƽܸᶯ֣ӦòǵģȻʲô
ҶȻǲģ汻ƽ֣ܵԺնɱˮҲõһֱ
ϵͷҲûκջ
ˮѲһ飬Ҷȼ̻صƵ
һУͬʱעƵЩƽܴδһҶȻ̫뵺죬Ǵ߶ӦӦƽܵϢһֱ뵺졣
ȻƽûжҶҲС
ʮȥͨУҶһΪѿӽλ۷壬ڴɺӣԼԴӡ
ӵвٱԴͣͨΪӤҲһҶΪϢҲԽ档
λʱƽҪټ˾ۻᡣ
Ҷ߲㣬ԼʸҲС
ɫֹƽټˣӦòдҪ䲼
ƽ֮ϣ˶
ϴȥƵûκջ񣬼ˮ˼ƵģһʱҲҲҪ˷ʱ䣡
ƽܿڣᵽˮ
ȴҶ˵͸¶һźš
һֱƽֳܶһҪҵˮļƣͻȻͲҪȥȻ֪ˮڲ繫УȴҲӦʱ̿żעˮ
ģֵƺԼˮһҲں̫Ѱ
ܲںˮ˶Ϊ֮ĵߣ粽繫˵ˮʿ඼ȥȲѶ֮ÿǿ뷨࣬۲ƸȻ»ص
ƽȻҲ˼ʵǿʲô֮ǿߣǱӦ飬ͬɱƵģ׾ٵնɱˡ
˵죬һɱƽܡ
ˮغˮ¿˵˭õбټ֣ԳΪ֮ĵߣҲԻصһ
ƽܴ˾̫һʲôж
ƽܽ˵һУҶȶû⣬һֱڷƽܵ뷨ԼԼ䣬ȷƽܱж
ǰ򲽷繫ӷһҪע⡣
ƽˣҪô֣һ֣ȻﵽĿģھˮ¿󾮣һ־֮նɱλʥǿߣ׾ٿԵõˮȻǰܶ๦򣬲˾ܵĴԼж
֮ɢȥ
Ҷȸ뿪ʸˣĿģȴҶһԭһ߽λʥ˵ҶȰƽĽƣʵҪѱ͸ҶȣҶ׽
СˣܵĿҶȻܣҲͬһ㣬Ӧ䣬뿪뵺졣
Բ繫ӵ򣬾ʹһҶֵܣѣץסһƽµļϸ
ȻжҶһ̾
ʣѾϤƽǱڷ嵺ΧעҵһһһֹһϸüˣҲδݾߣΧӰɣѰѼˮصĺúõģƽô
繫ʮ˵ʱ䣬Ҳһ׼㣬ԲӦ䡣
һҶȱ㿪ʼλ
ȫԪȻﵽ۷壬ҶȽӡϵӿȻʼս𵤲ϵӿ룬γԪ
ʲôʱһԣģ԰ʵıҵڵʵﵽλʥ֮䣬ıĻӦÿλʥǿ֣пյĻȥ磬һͷʥ֣
Ԫ֮ʣҶ׼һԪʧҶȸоԼ·һȵϢĹϢÿһɱĻҶȶ֪ྪ˵
ﵽʥ񾳽磬Ǿ޴սӵʥʵҶȴˣҪΪ֮ĵߣһκܳľ롣
ʣҶڣӵеһž岻ֻߡߡͨ塢ߡߵȵȵʣԽ͵ͨʣ·ڽ棬ҲǱһġ
ȻǿʣӦûֻߣӵǿʡ
Щ겻עƽܶҲھиͨԼʣʶһͻ
ߣ֮󣬵ڵӰøʵΨֻϢӰƮģߵȵʣкܴԾ
ᣡ
꾻Ҷ˫һᡣ
֮УԪӡΧ˸ȻӡʼԪת֮󣬳ɹΪһߴС״̬
Դ
ž飬ҶδȥŶӵһӳϵ֪ƵΧȻûʲôм֧ͻȻмΣֳһЩ
Ҫ֪ƵΧǳˮͨ£֡
ӱǺ磬к֣Ҳ
ֻ˼꣬ŽҶǰ׼õĸʼγɴԪڵԴҲڿʼͬ
ĵ硣

ĵĺˮ磬Ȼðһݡ
һٶѹѹĳ֣ЩʥȻʮλĴ඼񣬸߲Ҳֻмһ֡
ֻģϴƽܼͷӡ
վһԱߣ̽ף˫Żһ˫Ӳӵսѥ
˫ͫīɫģһƤͬһͼڣĺ󱳼ǣ׵ȻһŹǴ̣Լһ߳
Աߺʵˣǵ嵺Ҫʱ䣬ҪҪ£ȸȥã
ǴĮҡҡͷãݾߣߣǰ˭Ҫ֮ģʵ͸ö֣˺֮ģ࣬ץ
඼ܽƻҺ֮ǳˮǵƲԣǴִڣſݺᣡ
һֱڱչ֮Уǽѵ֮ĵߣ絺ƺʮڼ䣬ð߰ɣ
ȷǣ
ǲ֪֪ˮҪķˣҶƿУҪʲôͣ
ˣ絺ʲô
˵ȷʵƻʵǰκδĻûôҼӿٶȣ
Ǵڵɱ⣬һ䡣
кٶȣȻӿһðݸࡣ


2001 ƶ
ƽܵĳ֣֪жãҶһֱûз֡
Ҷȣɳڷŭ֮Уˮ嵺ˮͷȥ·嵺ϵʿˮû
ˡ
ˮ˲֮С
½ǧףȻһ֮ˮ֮б
𶯣Ҷ¶ϲЦݣĿһֻһ΢㣬𽥳˳֮Уһ磬Ȼȥƺܱȴ͸ǿҵϢ
ת˲繫ӹ¶Ӱ룬˫۸߾٣ӿƣ·Է嵺ʿһƬˣҲһʧȥһϢǱڲ繫ӱ£š
һ¶һ˿Цݡ
ЦݽƬ̣ǿʣһٶͷƯˮϷʱٴ
̫ǿˣһ֮ѹ嵺ȫϣ
ããžͺã
Ҷȳ˿һڣмپʬ壬һǧˣֻй˻ܻģһͨ
ڲ繫ӿҲΪأһƣûдﵽ߽λʥ̶ȣҲڲС
ˮ˼ȥ󷽵ķ嵺ֳȻʮ죬׷׳Ϊͺͺʯ֮ǰо˵ļ٣ҲֲҲյе޾š
嵺вʿȫɥǿʵ֮¡
νʵˣʵļ£ӵʵԻһУࡣ
ŵķ嵺Ϊˮʿ־ԭ
ʴ𽥵ط򲽷繫ӣɭϵͬʵһ㣺絺ʵȻǿȫסЩһҪס㣬ҲҪһЩȴɥ֮ȮԼȺ£ĿģӦ֪ˮֻһѡ񣡡
в
ֲмЦڲˮĺ£춼Ϊǵʳ
һȫѲ繫ӱƵ·
ΧʿͰ͵繫ӣȻǲȥϣ繫ӿԽˮ
ǿҵԸ繫᲻֪
ɵӣʱӲӲȫûһ𣬵ֲѼˮȥ
и취
ͻȻ䣬ڲ繫޷ѡìʱҶȵһ·𲦿һ㡣
̫ǿˣΪ˼ˮ÷嵺ʧίȫʱҲһ֮ƣȻҲüˮʵϣ취ǡ
úáƣƣ
繫ޣìܵĿ⣬ɲʧ
˫һ֣ʧʣֵܾԳʣҲ֪Ҫõˮҵʵǵ߿⣬һҽˮܷŹҷ嵺
֪ˮһжȥһӴã·ʿжϣʳ
ϣԶţʵǿ󣬵ˮ棬絺ٲãҲĴڣҷ嵺֣ʹԺ֮ĳ֣һƣкη
вң
в㣿Ǵߣֻ㣬Ǻ֮ģҲѹĴڣϣԶţ
繫ĮȻ˵꣬˫һ߶һ⡣
ܷŹ絺ʣҪûɱ
ڴʱƽ֪ܲʲôʱ򣬳ںӪһУʰн
䲻һ䣺ƽܣǱʵ£޹أҪ絺ѵûҪɱһֻףֻҪõˮҪΪ֮ĵߣһж˵
˻һƽܺѡ˳Ĭ

һ˵⣬ӷ嵺Զˮ򣬼ٵķ
֮УһӰ
ȫӡļˮ
𾪣֪£ͻȻʱ岻ɵòҲ˿־塣
ֵ֪ܲŹߣһǲῼģһںУֻ·һļΪҡ
ʣ˾ͽˣҷ嵺֣Ǿƣ
繫ӻһָżˮٷʡ
ʶʱΪܣ絺ϣȻԶţ
Ϊ߽λʥĴڣʵճХһ֮ʮ㣬͸ˮΨҶơ
ˮ⣬ѷɹ繫Ͽա
ಣ
ۿһжҪΪ֣ȴڴʱˡ
һӰѸײڶ֮ƣͻȻڼˮϷָһץѼˮץָ֮ͨС

ʱŭ벻־£˸Ұ·ɱ鷢һԳ֡
˸䣬һƣץˮǵӰһУգۼɵġ
ֲ̫ʵ
ɱɱɱ˭ƽܵòģõƽܶں󷽣͸ųģ

ʵľƣպþҪץڼˮӰڵİʱͻȻӰ֪߶ʲôͨڵİգͻȻһʧֻһӰʹץסӰԼΧռ䶼𶯡
ಣ
һˣװգӰΪǱֳһУһǰȥ
׷
벻ԷĹʱһһٶͷ׷ȥһֺǱӣ½ϣ׷ȥ
ʱѾǣǹ˲ϲ繫ԼҴһʿ繫ӳûһ嵺
ҶֵܰһҪӳȥ繫ӻͷʧķҶȴһ
֮İա
Ҷȴ߶ٶȣӶδ߶ǧͼǰ£ͷһһӰѾ׷ʡ
һ
߶ǧͼҶȵٶȣ޷ʱȼ磬˲߶ǧͼռٷӶȥ
ٶȾȻң
ʸո׷ҶǰһڵİգѾҶȵӰҺ䣬Ҳ޷ӦҶʧķ
ң߽Ӽˮڷӡˮռ䣬ֲһԪϢʱߵĻⷢԪϢ׷ٷҡ˭ֻҪⷽˮ㶼Ӳˣ
ҧгݣĿһ裬һ⣬ȻҶʧķ򣬶һϢ׷ٶȥ
ȥˣ
һ̣ƽҲ⴦գһӦѸӦκϢڣֱȭͷһᣬҶ߼ˮ
ԭƽܲûģһûʵҪȴżˮ⣬ˮ
ʵ̫ٶȸ޷Ტۣ϶߼ˮӰٶҲףµͷʲôûõòˮԣҲкܴӰ졣
Ǻ֮һߣ·ɱٶ˾ˣΪȻﵽʥ߽λ˭
ƽܻûзӦ
Զ嵺ˮĸ߿֮С
һƣϯ߿գҶȴסӰͷһָȻƣǺǣΪٸߣΣκұٶȣԿģҵƣ
ó򲽷繫ӷһ
ã繫泩ЦãǱס˼ˮ鷳ܣˮǵڽԼûб£˶߼ˮֲҵͷϣҶֵܣߣõˮֱסҷ嵺֣֮ҸطϢ֮ϵ


2002 
뵽Ʋߣⲽ繫ΣҶȾѿǵȫ֣Ȼƻһչ
¼ˮƽԼֿտնء
Ȼ嵺ʧ޷ơ
ʿǧ䣬ʬҲҲǱˮ˾ӣΪʳϷ嵺Ϊ棬ονܾˡ
侲һᣬƯˮϷ⴦λѿ뿪֮ˮˮ֮С
Ȼغ֧֮Уһʱ䣬ȷ嵺粨ȥٻȥ繫ӣ
㼸Ҷȱת֧ȥ
ͻȻ䣬ҶԺȻһ龻֣̺һ΢Ϣ
£
ΧȻǿߴڣ
ҶȾһæ߶£
䣡
գۣһӰ·ˮռһҶʶ߶£γɷδӦ˷λһϯϣ˺ڰպɡ
ӰȻһ֮ͻ嵺ǿʡ
ɭɭȻǰɵҶȣһȥȻ᱾ʵĶ
ʣ
ôܣ߶ͨסΣͻȻоԼʧȥ˸ӦƵģľûио£Ҳʧȥ˸Ӧ
ͻȻɱʣҶϣ޷ŵı飬ԼٶȡʵͨţӦ˦ʣ߾Ȼ׷ٶ

Ҫףⷽˮû࣬սʣԣԺԶΪʽ£Ϊ΢ūɣ࣬ʸΪʵղƷ
һȻһһˮ磬žɲǼ䣬ݲҶȷӦҶС

ҶȰһʵ̫ǿˣʩչƬ̾ʹﵽ˾˵ٶȣµĸӦڻָ벻ΣѸͣʤ׼
ʶԣǰһΣƤ£˼ˮ£ڣ־Ѿݵڶη
ҵʵŴﵽλʥ񣬶ʵʥ۷塭
ս
ܣҶȺ֮࣬뵽ֻٶȣԼռͨ
֮
ۿʲƽҶתһʱͷųӰ˷
۷ͦˣҲӲ򣬳Ҳﵽӽʥ۷
䲻غȵһӰһʱ䣬Ҳ׷ֱҶȱڡ
ɷ򣡡
ʱҶȾҪʵģֻϣΨһĻᣬ߶֮ɷںϣںϡ
ͬʱҶִ߶ͨӰͷų޽Χʷ
žžž
Ҷ˲ͨʾȻûܣԼֻ֣Ǵ߶ƾ޽޽зûа㶯޽ô顣
ˣӰͷ޽ΪҶȡÿһʱ䡣
һȺӣ
ʳˣͫѪһ
򣬺Ȼһ޴ڣһκεԼʣҪܵ
ȻһӰʱǣȻһըҶȵӰҲʥʵϧֻһλ£ȫʥ۷Ķ֣һƬը֮Ӱһ
ۣ
ͬҲҶ޷ܣֻܷ߶ǿϾ£оʵǿ޷ƣﵽʥ˽λŽλоԼ̫С
Ҷȣһһ»⣬ʣµӿҶڡ
һ㣬һѪһθоľûκθоֻ޾ĺ⣬Ǳһ
Ȼʵﵽλʥ񣬵һֹҶԼֻǾ»󲿷һҪҶ
ʵ̫ˣΨһƾٶȣһʼұʩչΣֻҪҵ֮Уٶٿ죬Ҳûô̫СˣҲֻӵλʥʵ
ԽףҲżǰֻһϢƺһҲѼӻɵ
Ȼڴ˿̣߶֮ɷ򣬲ںʵڳɹˡ
ҶصһЦֻһҶȱӽ֮ʧ
ôܣ
ʿ˫ֱɣʵκʥƽģ仹λʥ޷š
ſһ򲻼ˣǰҶȵӰڼӴܡ
˵㣬ٶȻߵ٣
ಣ
ʧȻգۣʾȻҶȵ࣬һƽ߶ȡ
ҶһƺҲµԷٶȣ߶ǧͼٶȷС
һ£Ҷȵٶ˼Ǻ䣬Ͱ˦ڼ֮󣬲ʻδ߶ٶȵǰ¡
߷·ԤϵҶȻٶƣԲȣ侲׷ȥգ۹ʾҪ׷Ҷȣֻǧײľ롣
˾ּ̾룬һǰһˮڰվ
ʱʱԾ֮£ˮʩչٶȣҪˮ棬Ҷһӣı䷽򣬱úֹ֧ٶȡ
̵֮ľ룬ҶѾ޷˦ʣֻԴǧͼԼռͨ־£޾ˮ֮Уϵس۳ң֪Ծٺִ֮ˮѾҶȣ֪λˮ֮С
ٶ죿ҶĲ٣ٶȣһҲûмֲø뱾ԣ֮֮Уһߣ
ʴʱҲǼΪƣ߽λʥĴڣȻκβһһصߣԺο
Ҳڲ¶ҶȵݣҶһֱһ£Ҳıòʸ벻Ȼ
ȥǰ취ˮһģԴ֮Уʱõ䣬ȻӵгһֱȥҲǰ취ܲܣһֱˮ֮жԳ֣һǿĺأ
ͷһҶȿ׺ݱ飬Χ֧뺣󣬿Ҳ޷ıʲôҲףҷ뺣֮С
ʣһ취úʡ
֮ǰΪʵʵһֱûа취Ҫһģҡ
ܷ
ٿȻҶڰղ󷽺֧ٷȥ
ʼʱȼճһɾ˵ѪȻϧõȼٶȣһ
ҶҪ뺣ɲǣͷҶǰһƣű׵ĳģҶȡ
䡭
Ҷ㲻ˣ˾ǰֻǼס
˱УʵĴ֣Ҷĵķѡ
һˣôķѣûһ˿Ѫ⼣
ˣ
һҶȡûһ࣬뺣֮С
ԭҶȲϧܷеһעҲţܷضҶȻʹҲ˲ˣͽ뺣Ȼٶֻܵһѹƣٷ
Ҳͷ棬ûӰӣѵɵ
䣡
ϷһˮȫͷһݣˮȵǿҸʴţһУҶ׷ٶҲܵơ
ҶҲܵƣǺķԼռԦ½أٶȣִһ״̬
ҶȻƵģܵʴȣԶԶȲʣһʹ࣬ɼֻҪʱģȻ˦ʡ
ǣ˭֪ʣֻʩչʲôͨ


2003 λ̤λ
֮ǰʱ߶˲׷Ҷȣһ룬òԤʻֶͬζԸҶȡ
ಣ
ڲϷͻȻ䣬Ҷȶһˮ
вͷ֮ʣһɾ޴ײھ֮ϣһ£γɵײͨҶһһѪоһҪƵģڶʱ䣬ʧȥ˶Ŀơ
һ½䣬һԲηƯϷ֮ܵų⣬һͬԴ
Ǻķ
ĺȻҶԼԭԭһ󷨱ֲٶ֮죬ʤӦҲûС
һץסԲ֣ܵʴ¶ЦȷǺķâԲ֣ҵ棬ڲμǴս֮Уɻĸ߽λʥ񷨱
ˣҶȺ֮ǰ룬ʻ᲻һֱȥǷ񶨵ģû뵽ӵкķ
Ҫǣܴ߶
ֻʣһ취Ӧת飡
ĵƣҶҪˣӦת顣
ʵҲԴ߶壬ӵĴʵĻᣬȴûģնɱԼߣӳ죬Ҳʩչһɱ˶ԷֱԷʲô
òʧûаյ£Ҷǲġ
ʴ߶󷨱ٹһΣҶȲҲҪףʧȥ󷨱֮ܺѹƣᷢ˵
ǾԲ濹⣬Ҷֵһ
ת飬ֻһ취ˣ
ʵʣκεٶȣռƣ£ûôʩչͨ壬ԼˮɱʣΪʲĻᡣ
ҧҧڻҪһסʵĸ֡
ҶͻȻֻͷ˯ޣʱСβͣƺʣûиеʲôвҲδӦҶΣգԲûѣڣҶˣˡ
ٿ
޶ʱƿնȥ
䣡
ֻ˲ϢڿԲ֣׼һιʣ͵һ̲סǰһˣԵüΪǱ
һͷֻϴСޣŭɶҲ쳣𺳣Ϊ޵Լʵо󱳣Ȼһĵľʹ˵ǰС˵
СˣҵʵھģҲˡ
ҶȾͷˣһǲֿܷעġ
ץת飬߶
ת鷢һ⣬ȻҶȵͼһϵĿռ䣬һ޴ķӡƯǰ
ȻǣӦӰڵڶӡ֮ϣΡҶȣεڶλᣬϧмǣһΣֻʣһλᣡ
ˣ
ӦӰҲʧˣӦ飬ǰ޸תʱ־
λᣬѾõһΣһҶ磬һΣﵽҶȣֽӭµı仯
Ҳ֪תͻҲδ߶ǰҪ£Ҳû뵽ת飬Ϊʱ죬ڣʱˡ
С
Ϸżףʲͣ߶Բ֣ޣޣں֮У½һܵκѹƣٶȳһδι޹һֱƿڴ
ҶҲδߣҪڶԸϡ
ʱ˿̣
Ҷת֮ڣӿһɹϵ⣬ȻתӿҶȵڣϢӿ
֮ڣһɹɾʼת֮ӿһ˼
ľܿҶȫҲϴת֮ӿ
״̬ˣΪҶȹඥһ
Ҷȴ߶𣬸תϴɸǱԴ
ͬʱҲ˲ô࣬ͨ壬Ŵǧͼ֮Ĵȥ
Լʱͨع飬Ҷںϡ
ͨںϴﵽƽ֮󣬽𵤡ȫڷڣֻǼҶһﵽλ۷塣
һֻڰʱɡ
ᣡ
˫һᣬһٵӿ֮УγһƬԪ󣬶תϿԪ󣬼پһжҶȿƣΪȡʱ䣬ߵ״̬ת硣
ˣ
ԪٿȻΪһŽӲӵԴƯԴԱߡ
Ľλ
ҶȻδüˣͿʼˣתֱӿٶȣһȻתڵһκ嫵ӿҶ
ʱХڱڣÿһģҶȾ͸оҪﵽĽλ۷塣
ඥתȹඥҪ棬ȻǱȲܣԹඥ
ô£ô
ڹ޵ʣʱʱ̿עҶȵĶҶߣҲᵱ׷ȥʱǿĸӦҶ֮ǰˡ
֪ˣʲôϷɱܳ׷ģ
ֱӴ߶Բ֣Բֿʼ֮ƣҶȺѹȶȥ

޴Ӱ֣ԲֵƺҲҪһıҶȣԲ֣ԲһײԲײִ࣬Ӳ෽һײԲֹıˡ
СҲǴģ
Բ濹ΣһǸ߽λʥ񷨱ʹƺҲܵһӰ죬ٶһЩǿչ
ƻʣ֪Ҫһδδ߶Բ֣͵ϮҶȣȻЧһδΰҶȽΧʹһδγܸ߽λʥ񹥻
Ҳ²һδα߽λʥ񷨱һӰҲûаɣ
ޡ
ҶͼһĻŭΪ˱ǲҪ̣Լص£ͻᱻԲˣնɱ
ᣡ
ҶȵǱһα˳ȫ߶ʮٵԼѪɸ
ȫӿ֮УԪ󣬲һᣬתԪ󵽴һɴСҶ˫һᣬԪʱΪԴ
λ
Ӧ飬ǿ棬·뵽ҶȻ棬ӡԼ֮ͨʹҶٶȣܿͽʼ顣
ͬʱҶ̧ͷһתڶӡռ䣬СˣڶٵҪ
ɴӵڶӡռ䣬޾ҶһſűԴӣɴӣԼ񵤣һα
λҪȡתʧǰͻλ񣡡
ֻһΣŲһУɸȻҲˣͯһ棬ǲҪɣ񵤵ͬʱҲҪڵ
ǣΪͲһУ뵽ξô꣬ȻѶȫޣ뵽纺â
Уֻʣ¶ź
ûҶ޷ܾ
ǿҵڴ£Ҷӡ֮תĵڶӡռ䣬Ҫʧ
Ҷȴ߶ת飬ȫִﵽλ۷塣
ᣡ
һڵһƬԪת£ϵؾȻӡΪԴ
λ
ͬʱתĹâʧڶתѾתֻʣһλᡣ


2004 
λ̤λҶοԽʵսκʥġ
תڣ𽥰
ԴͬʱҲʼһ飬һûתİٶҶ޷ƣֻܾ߶ʮټϽѪ
Ҫʣһں֮оȥֱ뷨Կǲ֮Ҳش
ͷţ޴Ӿ֮УһҶȼϣʱ˯ˣεȷܵһӰ졣
ͻͻͻ
֮һֲԲ֣ϹԽԽ޴󣬷·ҪҶѹ⡣
ǧͼ
ͻƵλҶʵ֮ǰ֮࣬Ȼ֮УѴ߶߶ǧͼתԨȥٶȱ֮ǰ˼
ǵԲֹʱҶѷɵԶԶġ
ٶȣôˣ
ܵѹȣԲԣһץԵΪƣԼŭΧϵرʴȥҵʧٶȸӾˣڼʱ䣬նɱؼˮ߸
ȣ
ʱָһѪ˺ѹƷݣԨ׷ȥ
ߣҪһ벻ڲģʵѾ۷ԽԽңԶҵʵȴڲʵ۷壬ҾҪһɶʰ㣡
ӦΪҲﵽ˵ĸ߶ȣףѸӦڴ߶Ʊ֮ǰҲ࣬ǺϢ
ޣ
һץҶó߼ԴҡСβͣӦԴſС죬˷鱦
ˣΪҶȡʱ䣬߼Դʲô
ͷһѾ׷ںѹ£ٶȻܴﵽλʥ߶ȣѾܾˣ˵һʮĺʥ۷ʵ£ֻں󷢻ӳλʥҵʵ
ʵƣϼ̫ˣȥյսҲֻĽλλʥ¡ֻǼ󷨱ʵǲöԸ
ۿԽԽҶִ߶ǧͼܿײźɽʼһδε
ʱȥҶȵٶߣʵҲߣ෴ʵȴһȥģһʥ۷塣
һ׷Ϸ֮ӭ˸ı䡣
Ҷȣ̿ʼ飬׼ʼӿŴǧͼǱԭԳʱ߶
ʹ޵
Ҷȵٶ𽥷Żֻ˼ʾͳںɽϷֳԲ֣ŭصҶȡ
ƺҶĵòˣɵóХһиýˣ
ʣ˵̫ˣʱ˿̣Ҫⳡ׷𣡡
һץһ߽λʥ񽣣ҶС
ȴмЦЦֱӴ߶Բ֣Ҷȣ׾ʱʱԲ֡
ԲֲϷڣ˵ĺˡ

ƣԻκʥۿҪҶȣߵһԲײһ
Ǹ߽λʥȼ˵£ײҲΧˮðһݡ
ʵ
Ȼ䣬𾪺Ŀ⣬ȷԷʵλʥ񣬵ȴֳ񽣣ķγɲµĳ̶ȣβԾ
꣡
ſһ磬һɳϢˮ֮͵ش
ƾˣǸոܵѹȣƼ룬߽λʥ񹥻Ҳֻӵλʥ¡
̫ҺӵĿƣ̫ˣ
ĿƣѹʽһΪκ޷̤뺣󣬾̤뺣Ҳ޷ԭΪǿˣҲ̤뺣󣬾統Ĵ
ǾŽλ񣬽̤뺣ȴñҶѹˡ
ǵʱĴһ߽λʥǿߣùľͲ
һﵽʥ񾳽磬ǿߣһ̤뺣ֻ·һʥǿߣȴֶͨο⺣
ں֮ݺᣬʵҲʥ۷壬ֻﵽλʥ߶ȣζţ磬ʥ֮еİһλʥĺǿߣҲǶ֣Ҳֻбķݡ
ƣ
Բͬʱʻգˮ֮ͻͻͻҶȡ
ҶͻȻӿٶȣˮ֮ǰֻܶܵȴڣֱӻӳȭͷ
䣡
һȭͰˮ֮ûΪһźˮȻܵɣ𽥵رɣΪһ֡
ʵôࣿѵں֮Уѹƣ
һޱȣҪ֪ʵԽҶ̫ܱ࣬ȽϣҶס
ܼںҵĵĻ켫пܻ﷭
ĺȻҡһ𣬷ȥ
ϼ޻Ǹ߽ʥǿߣڲʱӦԷһ뿪ʵϻﵽ˽λʥ񣬵ʱռݸ߶ȣȻɱҿú⻷úýѵһ٣ɱɱ磬ҡҪõѪ⣬ȥūԳʱ취
ʳˣҶȲδѡʱ뿪ȴ߶ǧͼԼʣԸӾ˵ٶȣ׷ȥ
ԭ½֮ϣǧͼߣҶٶȣΪȫʱȼ磬ں֮УȴҪܵơ
ˣٶȳĵʣܿ׷

Ҳ⣬벻ҶȻ׷߶Բֹ
Բٶȣ̫ˣں֮ͬһҶҲֻѡܣͬʱ߶һ޽ʹȥ
ҶܵѹƣԼֻʮ֮һ֮һһĳ̶ȣҶͷŵ޽ʵҲλʥ߶ȡ
ǿ󹥻Ѿںܵѹ̺ʵࡣ

ʻӶ˫ȭһȭȭ޽ϣִ߶Բ֣Χϴ߶޽Ҷȡ
Ʒת֮ǰȴҶȣ֪Ϊ߽λʥʣΪֵµǿߣǶô
ϧҶ޷ʣֻҪǵԲ֣ǿԿʣһδ߶ҶҲɱ
Ҳ޷赲ʷ档
ְ֮ʲ֪ܵٴιѾ̧ͷ˺棬ĳϣ
ҶҲͷŹʴ߶ӡǵԲͻȻҶȷһ
ˣ
뺣棬ڽߣޱɣ֪һ뿪ҶֳΪһֻϣδ֣ϲĿ

˶ʱ˵˻һɳ档
ͣ
Ҳͬʱʸոհӣɳһ̣һӰٿȻӶ޽һ
ΪһʾȻܷӦǱ޽к󱳣һѪһƤҲ׹˻ӰץסԾ뺣֮С
а֣
ʴʧɫ²ѣһļ£亹̫ˣ벻ںȴ͵Ϯ
粻ΪߣѾ촦
һ룬һ֪ΪΣ·ǸС࣬Ȼһݼɵ
ͨ壬ںϣ
֮£ʮռ䣬ҶӰںϡ
ԭͨ壬һͨŴǧͼںϢȴʳ֣ΪҲʷɳʱõѪõʱһ̣ʱȻи
Ȼˣ


2005 ӵ
嵺
ɱһţ磬Ҳ޷ɢ
룬ߵĹС
һ۵Ĳ繫ӣ·ʮʥǿߣ嵺ĶԼ

ͻȻһеӵ⴫
Ų繫ףŴ򿪣һʿһ¹£Χˮ棬ּݣ
ݣ
ȺΧһƺԤ֪д·
繫ӵյĪҪңɳ֧Сӣȥˮ濴ҲһȺ·ˮѣ
ǣ
ʮʥ֮Ум˵żʿ뿪
鵽˽λȥ׼Ա⣡
繫վ뿪Χֶܿߣ˾Ȼλʥ񣬶ʵҲﵽܾ˵ĳ̶ȡ
߼繫ӣʵټǶϣ
ո̽ӷһݣ̫ΣԸҶˣ׼£
繫£ҲһԵȴ
嵺֮⣡
һӸպΧڷ嵺Χ嵺պһĺ֮ϣʱԷ嵺ٶˣ˷ɳ֧ʼˮ棬ˮԵʱʱһϯһȦȦƣˮ֮£ǺĵĻ棬͸ֻܿʮ׾롣
ڸʱˮ֮£һĺˮ֮УȻƯһɷĺΪͣһٶͷһſֳָ̧ͷֻˮǿߡ
ˣԶ𣿡
룬ǿĺƯţǹǴ̺Լһͷǿĺ
嵺˰ں֮ϣˣֻҪһУܻ嵺
ǴͷĺȻһ䡣
ɱ
һǿת߶һΪһľɢȥ

һٶͷͻȻƣһѸͳˮ档
ͣ
ص̫Ϸ嵺ǿߣˮ֮ϣԵʱͷŸֹЩǿ߸Ӧ
ֻһ棬һٶͷˮ棬˲ɱʮǿߣǵ͸һšͷ­ʩչǴ֣ۼףֹҲޱȡ
Ϯ
֮Уʥǿߣʱһ֮嵺
֧ͣԮϾ͵˶ڣЩ
ʥǿߣ£סŵú˵һٶǿߣһͷɱĺ
֮ǰɱǿߣһЩԣֳҲ̶á

嵺뵺졣
繫Ӵ֣ԼʮʥһϷȻһ죬ɳǧʿ
Ҹڷ嵺ϢʿҲˣǧ֮࣬Ҳһһɳ֪ʲô
λڹҷ嵺뿪ɣ
繫ʾǿ߷緶֪ͻȻ嵺߲ƣɲЩʿװʵȻԸӦжǿ
˻һǧʿʱ嵺
ڷ嵺ļʿڼʥǿߴ£ȥ֧Ԯ
繫һ氲ӭսһ߶򣬸֪ҶĶ
һˣܿҶ侲ͻȻϮ嵺²򵥣ٻ̤뺣֮ģǳˮ򣬶һôʥҾô£ˮйأ
˼Ǻ֪ˮôܣ
һˣ
ƽܣ
繫˫ȭһȻһȷƽܣֲ⼸ʮ꣬ûһ㶯ҲûжԭйҪú赶ɱˣôļƣƽܣ
ϸϹ
ãȥκ˶
繫򣬵ʮʥЩʥ֮УΪһλĽλȣǿľߡ
ԼǿߣƺƵɳ嵺
ɲǼ䣬֮Ϸһٶͷ񣬻һЩʥȻ߶ˮӵͬԴ߶ͨնɱ嵺ǿߡ
Ȼ嵺˶ڣǺһ̫ǿʧأʮͽʥ֣߶ͨԿˮ
սսо޴ս̫ߡ
ˣ֮ĻδִģսҺĶǿߣ
Χʥ񣬶ô²
ô˶º絺£˶ηǿ⣿
ߣ
繫Ȼ󲽣һƺÿһǿߣԺĺ⣬ʿ֧Ԯȥ
ڴʱ
ͻȻ䣬ӵˮ棬ͻȻˮλʼǣ·оˣͻȻһĻˣԼ繫ӡ
ţγɸߴ׵˻嵺Լɱǿߡ
찡
֣𺳵˵ȻһǾǺεȵĹεȵ
繫һۣͻȻﶯ˫Ŀһ裺Ҫҷ嵺
ಣ
һ裬繫Ӷһˣ˻
˻Ӵ󣬶ٶȿֲŻײϯ繫ӳ˻ǰԵС
·һǧ嵺֣ϣڲ繫ϣΪ˻ľֱһԶԿġ

繫ƺ˫һ䣬һǧ׵⣬Ϊһǽڣӿ˻ӭȥ
λʥΪܱʵ㲻ˣ絺ˮҪ֪ζʲô
ͻȻ䣬˻ϷǹǴ꣬ͷž˺ơ
ʣ
繫ӵվ
ֻǷ̾Ȼ˻Լ·ǧǿߡ
Ǵʣ̤˻˻һУϯУȻ˻Ի֮ƣ¡һ͵ؾ˷Ⱥ֮ϣѾκε죬յҲɢˡ
⡭
һӰʯ䣬ƿռ
ҶȣסӰļõ嵺ӰӣʲôûУֻбڣӿˮˣ󶼸ˡ
ǺεȵҶȫ
ʣǺǿߣʩչľһӣ󲿷ֺˮˣ˲ӿӣγһˮУˮλھ˵ǡ
ȻϷͷҶȵĿ⡣
Ǹ߽λʥ񡭡
ֻһɨҶȾͲɵ̿ˮֲͨԭǸ߽λʥǰ𣬸ֶĹǴ̺ҶȸоΪƺﵽ˰˽λʥ
߽λʥƬˮȻֵµǿߣǹȻֵģôĻ֮ˣضƽ쵰
ȭͷ죬Ƭӿˮˣޱȣ繫ӣǧ
ˮ˸ӣԼյķ嵺κε죬κνֻвϱڡӿĺˮ
ɶĺɱడһ嵺жٵʿ¶Ҫˮɣӣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȼֱŭɶȥͷǿĸ߽λʥնɱˣΪˮ֮µ౨
ûʵ
һΪ
ƽԵ³絺ҿ㻹ܵ⼸ʱ嵺Ӵ˾ҪˣӺ֮ʧ
Զ֮УһյЦš
ƽܣ
һ⣬ЦֹȻŴĮɫ絺ʵ̫һӾˮ֮µģҲףʵԵһʱ䣬뿪ˮķΧȴû


2006 ˮĩ
ʼסֻҪ㻹ˮ򣬱ʾŹ㣡
֮ϣ׵ʣôҲţᱻҶˣоһʹŭɶźŭ
ʣҾ⺣֮Уб¾㣬ҺΣ
֮Ҷȴں֮¿Ц
˸ʮ׺棬öԷûа취
ಣ
ջǻˡ
Ƶ
Լʱ֮Ҷȷź治κϢʱŷɳ棬߶ǧͼƵȥ
ֻһͻصƵ
Ƶɷƽ˾ͬҶȶʱ뿪δ˹ע磬ȥ˴š
һУϷͨ壬֮С
ȻǴ̫ʼһͷʼ
λλ񣬴ҶҲҪһͨһ߼Σĵʵ뾫ҲҪƽʱʱ䡣
Ǿ䣬õʱ䣬ᣬڣͨͳͳߵλлҪֻľ֮ϣɽԪޱ֣ͳͳƿء
콣ȵͨҲһһս𵤡Ľ磬׷׶λ߶ȡ
ͬʱʱٵıԴӤմоͷгߣѪҲԽ졣
Ҷַһ󣬷Դ֮УȻһַϢӤգӤ֮еĻϵΪ롣
ӤеĻԷΪҶֳӤ𣬵ܿϧ޷գӤȴУԼ߶
ְ˽һ顣
ߡߡͨߡֻߡԼ壬ٶһЩ仯ֻǲԼͨǰ㣬дȵɱ䣬ϾΪʣֲҶӵеģ仯ȻȲЩȻʡ
ûйԱ仯ֻҲһЩջ񣬱ͷֻߣ߶ֻľ£ʮ·ֻľרΪֻ߶
壬һ߶ҶȵʵҲλϣĸΣҶӵλʥλʥ֮ʵ߶ĻĴʵʵӦܴﵽ߽λ˽λʥ֮䡣
ˣǲʵĶ֣Ҳ֣һ߶壬νκʥ񣬶κβҶȡ
Ҷʵ
Ե֣ҶҲ޷˵õһ鸯ģֵõѪĴУʽӵ壬ӴԺ彫һԶ޷ָ
ʵ뿪䣬ʱֻȥˣͨУһͨڸ񵤣ʥʵ񵤣ףͽλ񵤣ʱͿƾ˵ҶѲõģ񵤵
ǧͼҲص̫ҵڲ¯֮ձԴƷʣģǧͼƷҲ𽥽ӽ
ϴδӾ޾õһٶԴһַָ˳磬ʣһ֣ʱ䶼õĲˣʣ¼ٵĸ߼Դ
ʱ䣬ʵͻͽܴգ뱾ԴѲϵģʱҶȵϣͨԴѾ٣ʣ¶Ǹ߼ԴҪʼռԴ
ʥʵ߼ԴٶҪʱֻͨԴڶʱԹʱ֮衣
ʱͲ޾⣬Ƿһ顭ˣӷǺϵңҲ£ңǼ
ҶȺܿӷм䣬͸ż־֮ˮζᵽҪıԴ
˲ãӷ˻Ӧ˵û⣬һʺҪ⣬Ҫʱ޷ʱ䣬Եһ
泩غΣ¶׳־ƵЦݣʵﵽλʥޣҲֻʣʮң̶ʱڣĴ󾳽硭ʥҶջﵽģ
ʱ˿̣ҶȲһǿߣˮ֮ϣһǿߡ
֮עһϣΪˣ嵺ʿ䣬ԼҲܵش
ˮ
պϢһʱ䣬Ҷ񵤵ͨƵ𵱼߶ǧͼգ۾֧Ϸ뺣֮С
ڵĺɽҶǹע뵶ūʵҪӽʥΪڸ߲
˽һŽ֮ڡ
ˣ
ռ䣬֮УҶֶͯҲһʱ֡
ͯϣҪæһʥԺ䣬ڵʵ޷Ҷȼ˵뷨ͯϸûǣӦ
ಣ
ˮһ⣬һڼӲذ֮ϡ
ôС˵
ʹ໽˼ˮżϷӰҶʱ̲סŭ𣬴һ䡣
ҶȲδ侲ʵˮ㻹˵ͼ𣿡
Ҫ˵ģҶ˵ˣҪ˵ʲô
ǸˮģƦåˡ
㲻ѡǲ˼ҲҪõͼҲҪõΪҪһͳͳ
Ҷȵһͯϡ
ͯϿѵˮҶҶȳԲѷָһһɹϵĹâ׾ٰѼˮ֣Ưڰա
ǡǡ
ǰһ뻹ŵļˮһѾŵɫ
龻֣
һ֣Ҷ˫һתգͯϵʼںϡ
ͯ飬ʵȻҲҪԸˮʥ̫ˣҶҪͯϵʩչ龻֣Լˮѻ꣬ҶΪ̫ˣﵽ߽λʥ񣬻
ڣֻͯϡ
ˮţǶԽԽٻԼʱ֮ͳײһ¡
ʱҶȣϸ𾪵ı飬ΪˮԪ֮УˮһĻĻĶС
ˮŽǧǿߣں֮ΧˮøֶΣץʿȻǵıȻٱвϵģͳͳնɱõһ֮󣬼ˮץʿȥūԳǡ
ϵʿûҲǧ֮࣬ҶɥֶΡ
ˮֵܣôﵽǧ֮࣬࣬ߴˡ
һĻĻҶȴ̫𺳣ݡ
ҼˮԼ⼸֮ĵǿߣйʣǰнеģЩҪĿģưԺ֮ġ
ܿҶȾͽˮļ䣬ʱҶȾ¶ЦݣõһˮͼһּˮĲرѱռĲƸڲر֮У̫ˣԼ㡣
ͼ㵽ˣ벻֮ˮ¿˾޴̺ĲƸȻˡ
õһ֮Ҷֹͣ龻֡
ͯҲջڼˮػλƣ¡һԵڵذϣţ˫ͫҶȳԹޣʼ䣺С˵㲻úú
Ҳú㲻úˮҲúģ㲻úȴԼɱ㶼֣
˵꣬ҶȰѼˮٴ봢䣬Ȼ뿪񸮣Լ繫Ӹһͷ档


2007 ޾
뿪֮ĸˮΧˮڰյ˼ʱ
˱նüɫ֮У͸εЦݣˮϣ
¿Ц𣿺ǺǣڼˮѳΪʱԴɱĸȥĲر
ҶصЦЦӦ˼䣬ˮȥ
Լһʱҵһĵ
ĵСֻϧպλˮ֮УʿֻͨĵϢ
ĵҶȰռˮԪ䣬ɽʱһƬʯѣͷһȥһ֮󣬱¶һӡ
ǼˮĲرڣһһ֮м壬Եȣ
ҶȵἸӡӿӡ
һ֮󣬷ӡʧ¶һĵĵض
˽ض֮ʱͨͷһܶһĵ¿ռ䣬λãʮС
Ŷ˴򿪱Уÿ棬һö䡣
һĨƣÿһöڣ־˲Ƹʯװʮö䣬ʯ࣬ؼԼһЩصıֱװһöö֮С
ǲر
㣬ʯǧ֮࣬лвٳԽƷʯڵƷʯˮô࣬۵ĲƸȻˣıҶȹţﱦֵܼڰ˾ǧңֱҶô꣬նɱռĲƸҪࡣ
˾һǺˣļ֮ıиǧڲƸѾ㲻ˣˮӵеĲƸĽʮ֮࣬⻹Ƹָǿߣһ˶԰ռƸࡣ
Ҷ˵зݣã
˸һջɫ˵ô˼ץסˮͣı£Ȼ£Щģ
ҪʲôñˣؽҪЩʱ򣡡
ҾͲˣ
ԭڵҶ仰治ҪѡöװʯĴ䣬ԼһöװĴ䣬ʯǧֵܼ֮࣬Ҳǧ֮ϡ
㲻֣ҶҪںǼöװĴ䣬ں˼ȱʯԼﵹǲҪҪЩΪõıԴ
ںõöװ䣬ķҶҲòϧǲʲô
ˮˮô꣬ϣʣ
ʱرھĵģΪ˶ͬһ£Ǿնɱˮ
Ҷȵ߶һ⣬ˮֶ
һˮһ˫ȭ߬ÿ֨֨죬ɴŭˮɱ
ˣô㣡ˮɻ𺳵Ӻˡ
ô᲻ңҾ˵һ죬ҪҵϣҪԽ㣬ڳģʲôɫģ
ҪɱңˣҿΪĸ࣬һͬݺả֮ģһˮǵģ
ͣ
˵꣬ʯ䣬һš
Ҫɱңˮ
ͣ
Ǻֵ˼󲻶ָץסϵطˮţ𽥱һѪ
ˣ
һʻ࣬Ѫ
ǺɫģһΪģǺɫģôоģһġġġҶֵܣ㿴أ
˵ͷƳһۼˮࡣ
ҶʮǡϣҡҡͷעĿһЦһǳĹΣ
壬򵥡
֪ٴһץ͵һ£ý˳ҶȺһӣ𣿡
ˣȷġġģ֪һˣΪγһĶ
磡
ǡǣúú
ʧȥ࣬ŻֹͣƯǰˮʧþŭ
䣡
ָһ࣬㳹飬һը𣬳ʧˣˮһ˫۵ɵñȺһ󣬽һĿԵڵϡ
ˡҶȻһץˮ㱻ָץסˮ˵ⱲеһУҵģ
̫úԵ֪ں磬Ǻεȵζ
ɱ˼ˮǺ˻Щޣ𱦽ƺĽỹδ⿪ֳĬ
ҶռˮڼˮھĲرĿԼ칦Ҷȴ߶ﵽλʥǿʵ߶򣬲ŰΪλʥļˮóΪһ߸ʬ
ҵպÿ¼ˮһѾﵽֻҪں֮󣬾ܴﵽλ۷壬ͻ߽λ
ҶȸоҴӽѪ⣬ˮֱﵽλ۷塣
֪ͨ繫ӣҪԺ繫ӵа˽λʥʵƽܲ£ǵõǸ׷չ
Ҷȿ˵
ðɣ̫仯ǰңǴֵǣ϶УڵȷҪһǿ磬ǻҲ뿴Щֵܣңһͬ·ԥһӦˡ
˵ɳرһƣرͳݣˮھرʱ벻Ҳ֮ء
嵺Լ˼졣
嵺ʱ޷ţǷ嵺շʢĵ죬ֻʣһ磬棬ǹͺͺĵ졣
֪ʵǿ󣬺Ժһ󣬲̾ҪСʣֵµĸ֮һʵǿΪӽֵܣȻŹ㣬ηϢģ
Ϊˮ׷ңӦڼˮϣһϢҵһʱ䣬ȫӡˮϢʴӴҪҵңܣҲãҪȥ
Ӧ֮ҶҲ뵱Ϊ׷ϣӦþǼˮӵкϢ
ಣ
繫ӻΪһ֮⣬ӵɳ
ˣȻԺҺͬˣϣ֣⺣֮ģ㣡
յֱˣʾ뷨
Ҳϣţ׵
Ǻ֮ģҪĵͼ
Ҷָһһ⣬򲽷繫ӡ
֮¶˾ϲЦݣͷúãҶֵܣˣȴھͿͨ
˵ͬ⣬Ų繫Ӵ죬֮뺣
ʮȺǰ֮У͸ٵǿϢ
֮£պ֮ߣھͨտͼأͨΪԵĵ֮£
Աһͼ繫˶̴ۣŶˣϢƹ뵺죬ֽ͵ҷ嵺ĸ֣Ҳһˣʮߣɳһˣһһ̣˽ܣ
оһΣˮ磬⴦ԽУʥǿߣͷҶҲӦһ䡣
ܿ˾ߵĵ죬뵺죬ʮ֮ң
һо֮˷ɳ죬һ֮ӣԴ߶ӣȻӵ磬ɽĵײһԵĺʯ
繫ӰѺʯƿ֮󣬱¶һϵСУԼʱˮɽĸȻǶʯ֮ڵĿ
һһǶںϣ֪ڵжɫ\ڡںɫʯʡ


2008 ߽λ
ЩʯǶɽҲ֮Уܶȴﵽܾ˵ĳ̶ȣΧռܴ󣬵Ǻԣ⴦ֻɽһǡ
˾˵ĿﵽٵĲƸ
ҶȲɵÿ벽繫ӣ˶Щ𶯣ʵÿɵĻҪꣿ
繫ӻعʮɣ궼пܣϾԨ֮£ӵѹǼ˶ܲˣοʿ
ҵкھ
ţҪܵӽƣǺ֮ĵǿߣץʮͷھٶȲͻƣѹȣж磡
˵дھٶȾͻߣ
룬ͷΪﵽ񣬾Ǹ߲겻ͣھĻпʱ̴룬ֻҪʮܿϣ
¾ͽң֮һץٺģ͸ھˣڳԺȥģ
Ŀͻ׷ң
ңǹӷɣ
繫Ӧţϴ֮ģӦü칫ӣңʼֺ֮ھĿ󲿷ֶң׷һʥأмΪеϵ
һʥأ׷ĵһʥأӦǡʥءɣһԾŶ˶ԻĺˣȻһ
ʥأ
Ҷ˵İֲİ
ΪʥصĵӣȻҪȫ˽⣬˵ϸҪյġ
ʮһʥأʥء
׷ǹʥأʵ壬ҪǿʥأµĴ
ʥϵ
ʱ˿̣ҶЩףΪܰ⣬쵽֮ģǶԺ֮ĵĽгԭԭġ
ʲôϵ˽⣬ҵʵ̫ǿˣʥ࣬ӷʵҲ˺֮ĲٵߣʵʮֲֿͻȻһ·ҵ̶ӣӷδǺ֮ĵĹϵһ죬ͶлҳϦɱһǧˣǹƬˮ򡣡
ӷʵҲﵽ˸߽λʥĵز
ҶȰһ̾벻˹˹ĵӷȴǸɱϵȻ򲽷繫ӣԺ·Ͳ⣬һȻҺӷϵֵĲΣұҲʶ̻ᣬЩ⣡
̫ˣں֮һǿߣû˿Ĺϵ԰УھĿ֮ģ֪۳ȥһú֮ĸߣֲǰھܣ
繫ȭͷһھ۶⣬ǼˣӵпĲƸ
ϸϸһΪסҶȵѴ
֪繫ȴ֪벻ҶȾȻƿźһΪﵽŽλǿ
˵أʵ֮£ʥˣҲֲ˺ô
繫Ҳܿʮ֣ŵùģмʥĶһͬڿ֮ء
֮Ҷȵʩչͨھžˡ׷繫ӱɢȥ
Ҷھ˼׷繫Ҳ֪ҶҪȥ̻ҡ
һˣȻӷ
ӷõϢе𾪣벻ͨҶΪӵк֮еĿ֮æҶȥ׷ҪϹҶӦڽգȥһҡ
ͨ壬ŴǧͼԼ񵤣ϻ
ص֮ģһͨں֮󣬿ʼںϼˮ˵ںϣԽ۷״̬
ֻǰ£ͨͻˡ
ʥõҶȵ⣬ʼңҶȲȻѿۣһ˻ҲռˣһҲð˻ӣ֪̫ܡ
棬ԶԶ˻ӵڴֵܷĲƸѾﵽܾ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ͨ嶼֮Ҷȼʼںϣͨͬ𽥴ﵽƽ״̬֮ҶȾͿʼȫڻˮ
Լ֮
Ҷ뿪Ƶһˮ򣬿ʼȫ߽λ
һҶȿʼԪ
ս֮Уγɾ˵Ԫ󣬲𶯣ɷȼվ
Ǽ꣬žҶȴһԪʼСӡ˸ŶĿ
ӡ̣ԪҲΪ߿Դ
һ̣Ҷʽλ񣬿߽λ񣬽Ǿ˵顣
Ҷȿʼ׼ֱ֮ɣٶȲϼӿ죬ҶҲ𽥴״̬֮߳о
ﵽһ̶ȣһʱ䣬صƵС
Ǳ֮ɣ䣬ʼ
ﵽ߽λ״̬֮ҶȵʵȻﵽλʥƽܲ࣬Ѿﵽٵĵز
ͨƵҶȱ𵱼֧
ž뵶ū̳ٴˮֱӷɹͼˮƬˮͱҶơ
֮󣬱һƬˮ
⴦ˮȴͼˮҪͨ⴦ˮˣΪз
зһֻзˮУɾʵյĴͼҪǿһ֣ΪҲڶλʥ
˴ˮҶĿǰʵҲǰһΧʼ֣÷飬һ־ˣһˮ򣬷ʥʣµľˣһˮ
Լŵūֱӷˮ롣
Լ죬˾зĶڡ
һٶģͬĶʯһƬˮɽ֮УһӦҶȾȻӦͷʥһͷǶλһͷһλȻλǾз
ʥ֣Щ֮УһٶͷһλŽλȣʣٺǸ߲
ʵȻҪǿڴͼ
ѣҶʵԸѲ⡣
ɱЩǿģҪ׽ǡ
󷨣
߶֮ͨһ޴󣬽򣬻Ϊһδ𽥵
ŵū߶ԼͨҶȵ޴ںϣʱ̺ĺˮʼȡˮ
ˮʼһһͷͷգкᱻ֮ƣū޷ôĺҶȵĿģֻǯЩ
Ȼܷ֮һǻ֮¡
ܷڴ֮⣬Ҷȶ붴
ʥϢ滺Ĵ
޴ʯһٶŮūŴӡƣʧȥɣ֮С
з
ʯһռ֮УҶʩչͨϢһͷ׵ĺɫз֮УС
Ǿз٣зųǧףޱȣȻҶҲɵЩо塣

ͻȻӾзͷֳһ޾ơ
ƺȻڣ޷ľзͷ޴壬ıըˡ

зһ˺ѷεĲҽУҲûУз֧£û˶Ҷնɱ

ʱ˿̣𶯣ʮǿڿռ֮ߺ
ಣ
ҶѾзʬ壬֮УͥŲһ㣬֮⡣


2009 ׷
ţ
ǲ񣬲ĻѵǰޡƮĳŮӣҲһ
̫Ϣ̺޵־ͬԡڳŮΧ
Ҷ侲ٴθӦŮӲǱֻһ־Ǻͨ־ʯռ䣬γɵӰˡ
ӦΧʯڲϢϢϢ̫ʥˣʮŴͬϢﵽ£ֳģʮȻ֮顣
ռʲôûУֻľϵϣγɵľϵ
ŮӵӰñã֪ǿĴڣǷˣû䣬ҲһԵ֣֮䣬ӦҲйϵ򲻻ںϡ޵־
ûκη֣ҶҲװ˷ʯڵӤɱ䣬ϣˡ
֮ǰûа취ʯ򣬵֪̫⣬γͨʯľϵ
̫⣬гŮӷӡúõڡ
뿪Ҷȵʯ뱾Դ֮УƯӤϷ߶ͨʯ棬ľϵΪ֣Ӥա
Ҷȵϲ֣Ӥľϵ֮ƵõͣƣҶͻʥʱӤɳһҶ벻ĸ߶ȡ
ȻԴҲõһټıԴһδգѸֱ֮Ҷȱ뿪˾䡣
֮󣬷뷽ʥž˹һУ˶ʮദǾзڣǿĶҲپߺʬ壬ʣһ֣ͱ޳ˡ
ڲָƺɳΪ˽Ҷָһ߼Դʳ
پߺʬ壬Ҷִеõö䡣
ҶȶˣһĨֻ֮һ飬ʮԴͳͳպãŴ뿪ص֧
֮УҶȿνǴˣץסһǧͷµĺõƸһкʬ塣
һʱ䣬ҶȰپߺʬ壬ͳͳΪӣƽָԼū׼뿪֧
嵺
ʮȥ嵺󲿷ֵ죬ɳţ뼸죬ǽ˲ʯ
繫Щ꣬ȫؽ嵺
һ󣬲繫ӾͶԷҶȵռ棬ֹ˰죬ҲңԶˮ
һͬȺ硣
ͨڲĿռ䣬ʮԼܵذΧ
繫һֱɻ̲סʵҶֵܣץ˺
ţɣ
һһ⻯Ϊͨ棬ɳһЩӡƣһһʵʵֳ
ʼֻʮͷԽԽ࣬ŵò繫˶һ󾪺˵Χʮ֡
һǧͷعʱ˶סһֱţһĻʵģҺ֮УԼ߲ڣʵھ
ҶȻȻ򲽷繫ӣԺֲԪӡ˭ʵԻᱻĨɱԪ񣬴Ҳõģôھٶȣֻ߰ɣ
ڼڣھ򵽴󲿷֣繫ӻ֮С
ţ繫Ӳſƺǿߣʼ׼ߣúɻʼھҶ뿪һ
صƵҶǱһʱ䣬ﵽ߽λʵһƽƽܣʵڵʵһ壬նɱƽܲ⣬Ҫ׼Ҫ֤ɹ
֮ͨ壬߶ǧͼȥ
ȻҪȥ׷ӷ̸
Ӻ֮ĵ׷̫ңԶˣʮԼŽ뺣֮׷ڲ౳һһʥҪӺ֮ĵ׷Ҫʮҡ
£ҶȾʯǣȻ׷ȥ
λʥٶȣϴǧͼٶȿȾŽλʥٶȣ֮ҶȱɹŽԵؽ磬ˮΧ̤׷ؽ硣
ӵͼϣ½أǽһģǸ壬ֽӵ롣
׷Ҷȵӷϵ
ӷ֪Ҷ׷Եú⣬ȻæΪҶָӡλ
׷ؽ磬𽥼һЩСĳǳأҲЩ䣬У֮ͼһǳأ׷Եؽһǳء
ңǳصƿߡ
Ҷһ¼ǳص꣬Ҫ߶ǧͼһ²ӦþͿԴӺ֮׷
ಣ
һṦʮǿϢӳǳǰ
ŶⲻƻС𣿻ô֣ʥкü񡭡
ҶȻţͨӦ֪˭ԼжˣΪﵽٸ߶ȣʵεȵȣָơ
Ҷȱƻܣֱ£շжҶʱʱǸ߰ƣһͷų
С㣡Ҷȵȭ
ҶֵܣĿͻȻҺܺ棬ٶΪδﵽ㾪˸߶ȣ
ƻֻü䣬͸ĸ߰ɫǱȽ֮ǰкܴı仯һС㡣
ҶֻҸڣҲȥ
ƻܴҶȷǳأǳ֮ƻΪˣҶڽֵĴ۹⣬ǳضҵģû֪ƻܵݡ
ڼ䣬ҶҲʶҵĵ̣ȷһ壬̷񣬶Լ䣬Ҷȸоһǿ־ڳǳ֮С
ⲻʥͨѵ񣿡
ҶȰһ־ĴڣҲ˵ǣ֮ڣӵһǿ
ֲãһΪһ壬ʥ֮УϵĴڣο֮ء
־ֻ΢΢Ҷһᣬδϸ鿴ܣǿߣӵо˵ȣһǿߣͿʼҶȵܡ
ǳ˰֮ƻܾʹҶȷɳǳء
Լ˰һȺɽ֮УȻһȺϵĽҵڡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾ͸ӦǧϢ²ʥУʥжʮ𣬻мǸ߽λʥ
Ȼǿ߶һ߽λʥǿߣͿԺ֮κһ
ɽһ㳡ຢӣ㳡գһš
ƻɽۣ֮һϵĹȻǰ
С㣡
ƻܣæʩ
빬֮ƻܾ˸Ҷϲ裬ȻʵҶֵܣΣ
ҶȻӦܺã
ܺãƺƻܲʵ
ҼҴҵ󣬸ʥӵʮʵš
Ǻǣ
£ƻЦĺܿģֵΪֻ֪֮ģҲ˽
֮Ҳһˮ򣬱ʲôɳ֣ҲܳưԺ֮ģֻˮ򻷾⣬ʿԸ̤УСҲۼʶˣˣӺڣ
ش𼸾䣬ҶȾ뵽ӷ
紦һ׮⣬˵ӣϾҪ˼ɣҺúд㣬вܣҪ鷳أ
С㷽涼չ˵úܵ
ǺãҼأתһת
ƻܵͦչ˿ˣҲִ治һ㡣
뿪ʼּɽȻ羰
;ƻܲ϶ҶȽܸɫһɽʱҶȺȻһʯشˮ֮Уʯ֮ϣӶĴ֡
£


2010 ϢĹʯ
֮⣬ʯ
һ̼£ʮǿߣ֮⽹ţ治֪淢¡
ǵĴз֣֮Ҫҹ£
һΡ׳ʯ

ͬ׺䶥кһŵĿ⡣
̼ͻȻץһﵣɨΧĪҪԷ˵Ϊ죬˭նɱ˭ҹ
ǰģ
һں׷׻ع̼״ͷŵʥƣͬսһ㣬ǾӣƴȻ̼״ָӣһֺš
ˡ
ٶ̫ˣ
һָ󣬵һץԾƣסָ󣬶Ǻˮûģ޵ٴδͶߣͳͳз·һ
ɱȥ
̼꣬趯ﵣʱʥƣ˵ս棬ΪһɫȻը
ըʯΪ룬ڲһ籬ըʯ
¡һʯѾڲʼΪ촷ۣǺȫ̼£ʧøɸɾ

ҪһָͬʱȴָѸײɫƣ޷ָֻ΢΢ƺ˸ˡ
𽥳ֻ֣⣬ȫŷĺ飬ָ֮֮࣬ĶǸ߲ԼڲȫԼ̼׵ǿʥ
ͳͳϷƯһ꣬ͷӸ£ƿָ
Ҷȣ˲ɱ˾зʩչ֮ʯ֮⣬Ȼзǿߣƿڴ֮С
һɱڣҶȲΪ֮ǰǾ仰ǶţʵʵµĻл·һΪĻͳͳɱ
ߣĪҪɱ˴֣һˣ
̼һվ˳
˵ǣɱ
ڵĺ׷Ӧ
֪ȻǴͷģҾɱ㣡
ҶͻȻָһȭ̼׺
㲻ɣ
ӶﵣƹƹҵײȻ𣬻Ӷ˫ﵣӭȭɱҶȡ
˽֣кĿ⡣

ͻȻڵգԭ̼׺ٶȲµҶȣ͵رٶȣһֹѸײڶ֮ƣһ̼׺
䣡
ٶȿһЧȫһҶȾܣ̼׺ֻСܶѣҶһȭ̼׺Ÿո趯ﵡ
Ҷȵȭͷ̼׺˫֮д̼׺š
һжڵʯɣݲΧӦ̼׺ԲըҶȭͷ飬ͬϣձը
Ҷͣһץͷ̼֮״󺺣ΧʾڣȻһЦһȭɱǵĶԼзΪҵһȭǿɲԽӵס
в˻ձÿһǷ׷״ͷ˴˿˿Ȼһһ¡
Ͷˣұ֤ɱǣ
Ҷȹǿһ߶һƬӡӿһͷͷ壬̼ʬ壬ۼΧĺˡ
еĺҪ֪ΪΣڴʹȻҶȷ֣һȫɱ
Ȼǵūڰʩչ
Լһ֮һǧۼȫǸ߲ϲֻмһ֣ЩǾзĺΧЩҶȴû˼ȥԸ뷽ʥȾˣһһ
ǧۼ֮ʱҶͻȻ뵶ūϣ޴󣬿ʼҶȸÿͷԪӡеĺ𲻵ãһȫ봢֮С
ҶȻҪŹǣɱһͷΪЩɶǿɿùߡ
ңҶҲȥҷ顢ʥǲ֪նɱ˶ٺοҪޱһ١
̣ҶȾץһǧö䣬ö䣬Ǿз̼׺ġ
߶Ҷ뵶ūȴ顢ʥҶȿʼ䣬
Ĩ֮ҶȲͷʥ֮УֵĲƸ̫ˡ
зʯǧ̼֮࣬׺Ҳǧڣзӵе֮࣬ʯ޷㣬ҲʮؼҲ࣬¾зĲƸﵽǧ¡
̼׺ǧڣǧڲƸ
һᣬְһǧö䣬ȫ⿪ơ
ҶһͳϾз̼׺ܲƸѾˮٽҶ֮ǰõвƸҶһˣ˵޾ˣҲǺܴ
ʯ౦ѾҶ޷ϸǰõõļˮأҲδ²ǰҶϸһֻܶѷһ
Ψһģֻ
ʼÿһöڵ׷ÿһ֣ӦûбԴ
ܿ죬һԴͳˣϣҶҲõʮͨԴԼü߼Դ֮УУ񵤶аı
̫ˣһ㶼õĲϣҲкܶ࣬ʮ֡
ȻˮöרװĴ䡣
ȻһգһѰұԴҶ벻ˮô꣬õĲƸ澹ȻеıԴʮͨʮ߼Դʮ
ݺˮ꣬ɱ˶ʿõ֮ƣˮûô౦Ҳ˵ȥ
ǡ
߼Դ֮УҶϸʼ࣬ɳ࣬Լ౾ԴʱһԲγɫʯ
ɫʯ֪꣬ΧЩ绯Ҷȴʯ֮УӦŨޱȵľϵϢ̺ϢʵǾˣ˽ѪҶȳʮ٣ľϵ
˵Ǹ߼һŵ˵Ϊ޷֪Щ߼ԴƷʣųɫʯҶѸоƷʣӦԼԪʼȼı
˱Ӥ仯жྪˣ
þ֮УҶȶ𾪣Ȼ뵽߶ӦúõĸӦһɫʯڲܡ
źľϵʯ򣬵ǺεȵĴڣ
ͨӦҶȽӦʯϸ˵бľϵֻһ֣Ҫ
ʮ٣ľϵѾԽƿľϵֻռӽ϶Ĳ֡
ǸӦʯʱҶȾ޷͸ȥʯƷ̫ˣֻ̫ܳһںʯ򣬿̫һɲʯͬ
ˡ
̫һһֱųɫʯ򣬺һûб仯ͻȻ̫һ֮Уһ⡣
޵̫⡣
̫ⲻҶȿƣʯ濪ʼںϣһ仯ͻأҶ޷ӦȻĸӦȻ̫⣬˳ؽʯ֮УʯҲǳɫǱɫ
̫⣬Īʯʲôϵµķʲô
̫ⲻϽʯ֮УҶҲ뷨գۼ䣬ͻȻڱռһгӰƯڱռ䡣
ϸһֻܿŮӣһɫȹϳϵëɫģ紫˵֮еʹ
ǡޣӵһƵĴڣѵгŮҲһ𡭡һ񣿡
Ҷȿ̫⣬ŮϢﵽһƽʱҶȾ𾪵Ŵ͡


2011 ֮ˮ
¡̺־ģ
ҶʯоʯӦΪﵽʥ۷壬ġ
Ȼ䣬üͷƻܣ£׷һʥأΪС㣬ĪʥأԨԴ
˵ûУǴģ𣿡
֪ƻܵŴۣƲƲӦһ䣬㵱Ȼţ
ⳡҶȼСƻԸһ档
ƻܴʱԵüɫ裬һ԰Ȼҵ棬ǹʥصĵӣ뿪ʥɽ֮󣬱㴴ңһʳߣ̤ʥأ磬ǹʥصӣ̫ϵӣǹʥ֮УΪ֮ܳһ׷ν£Ҫ׷μ췣ۣ֮˵Ҳ֪֮ʥأԴԶϵ
ԭãǹʥصĵӣҸǺĵӣӷΪﵽ߽λʥͬʥطӢֵӣǹʥصĶӣ
Էһ⣬ȴҶȴ˵Ĵ
ʥأԼʵ廹Ҫʥء
ںʥҶԼʥЩ̫ϵӡĵӵľʾޣǷӢƺѳΪʥһеĴʵ֮ǿţΪȻҲЩϹŶһﵽ߽λʥ
ӷȻ뷿Ӣͬȸ߶ȵĴڣ˴۾
һӵ˸߶ȵţĻԽ⣬뷲еߴ򽻵ûһǿ߼ƣҲδ˵Թʥء
һж˵ӷӵг־
ӷҪʥأμ췣ۣ֮
ƻΪҶˮʿ֪췣ۣ֪֮ҶҲʥصӣȻҲ֪췣֮ۡ
¿ˣ췣ۣ֮ҶӷԲһ˭š
ƻֵž⣺ʯǵһ棬ʱΪʥأôеľо仰˵ĺãһĵټ壬۹ǿȱ½ɽǺԶں֣֮
û뵽С㣬ҲЩĽˣȱʱǿޱȣɺǱ̲һ㣬ʥʵҲһĴԶźǿ󣬵أ
дҶͬʱҲҳƻִС㣬ܹ˼룬һٹ̣ԽԽ٣
˵ѽκʥأ⣬ҪҪҹʥء
ƻܼҶȹͷ羰ûҲҶ෽棬·̽Ҷȵ˼
ʥأ
ʷǱ˭ʥȣ
һЦȻʥһͷ˯еĴ󣬵һѣػе̤ƽӲ쾡ͷ
ҶȾһɽ幬Ϣ
ʱ䣬Ҳȫ߽λ۷壬նɱõˮıӵе棬ͣ𽥻Ѿһδմﵽʥ
¹ȥ
Ҷֵܣ
һˬЦӰմ
ֻӷһƳԱֻƻܡ
ӣ
ſҶȴ߳ӷʩ
Ҷֵܾõȣʵڲ
ӷһֱδݸеļƣֳѰȻģҶȽ̸һȻҶߵĹ
֮УһЩ˴ӵ£̸һƷ裬Ȼ䣬ӷ˫üһᣬԵ˵к֮еĿʯ
˵һֱƽܣʱ䣬һ⣬ҵ֮ģһںĿݾҲ˺ͬȻź֮ߣпɣ˵뺣֮ĵ⣬ʱǳ¾һˣ빫Ӻ
Ҷȼֱ׵⡣
򵥰Ҷֵܣ֮ĶʮߣһǸ߽λʥ񣬸ԼֶΣһһɴҶֵܾȻܴУõ
뿴
˵꣬Ҷľͳּ\ڿʯ
ֻһɨӷͷʮֿ϶ȷǺ֮ĵĿֿʯʮϡ٣ȻƷʲ߼Ϊϡ٣ΪȵҪĵϣҶֵܣŪ٣
δҶεõֻ˵ҶȵֶΡ
ǵĿ뺣֮չӦ࣡
úãҽˣҶֵܷģЩʯú֪֮Ҷֵܴ鷳
ܵˣ֮һļˮźһֱھĵϣʧȥϢѾ;ĩ·
ˮɱĺã
ƻܶʱŷȭһӡ
֣ǹǵһ棬Լ֮磬ܻ죿˭ɱΪӷݵЦȻ͵֣ҶֵܣרΪռһЩԴ࣡
ӷץһ⣬ƯŶʮͨԴԣ࣬ͨʿѾǸ֡
Ҷ˼Ǯ֮Ҳԥóʯ
ʱһˣ˵ˣΪҲﵽʥͽλ
ӷƻʩִ֮žҶʩ񣺡ӣС㣬˵ҪҶӣ
𣿡
ƻһ˫ͫ΢΢תȻҶȣôӣҵڱչأ񣬽ȴҪ㣡
Ѿͷ
ӷͥǳһȻƻҶȱȭʾǸ⣺ҶֵĪ⣬ѾͷӣСϰˣҲ˼֮ϣȡһ̤ʥСӣָͣ
СԸ̹ȻҶȵӦ
ƻܺһȻںҶô
˼һᣬֵܾҶȣһɽȥ
ڼ䣬ӷƺӦҶ֮ǰʱԱø޷͸ʵҶֵʵ
ˮ磬żżȻ䣬һ֮УһϹżջʵǿߣΪͲð̨˰ɣҶǫĴ
֮䲻ܱȽϣ
ӷȻһ̾ӷСڴ壬Сж˳Ҫʲôʲô˳ܻа취ԲΪҶֵܣأһˣĴ˶ĥѣж޷󣬾㣬յˮ֮УҾѣ˴ұˣһǾ޽еģ
̹ϵһ
ҶóӷⷬԷθȻǵϵѽѣҲ˵ϡ
ֻĬĬЦЦӷ˵ĺУȷ˫޷Ƚϵġ
ܿɽ֮ϣһµɽȪԣһƬ֣Щ͸Ųɽ磬ǿ
һһ񽨳ɵᣬֻһīˣվ𻺻ת¶Ƿ͸żգ˫ޣмƣ˳˲ɣ
ֻһ棬ҶͨӦûӦκϢ֪ǰˣǰ
ò˼⣬һɣһ΢Цһһ޵ĿռҶ
⡭
ҶһԥƬ̣ٴαȭ񣺡Ҷȣ
˸ֶЦͶ뷽ܶǵˣͲӦþСڣ˸˵ĳ


2012 ʼƽ
Ҷȵӷָڵķǰ£÷ֱҶ࣬ҵ峤̩Ȼǰ
˽һİͬҪྪ˵թ״̬С
ԷԸҶȣһԽҶնɱҷ
ΪʶһһκһСѴﵽ豹ĵز
ԵĹѯҶһֱһȻƮƣһʱŶȥֵܼдҶȡ
ӣ벻һˣ
ԷһߣҶȾͲɵ÷һ̾
֪ʲôԭҶȴӶԷϣǸоһʿ̺ɱ¾Ϣ·ﵽ֮󣬾Ͳͬͨʿɱһμ޾Ҳָо
ͻ֮󣬶ľҲĳִ
²ʥһ·֤ٵʿ䣬;սᣬжˣΪ޷ʥ񣬶ս֮ãӶ֮ȴгɹӵĸоƺеյ㡣
ʵһҲܺý͡
̤ʥ
̤
мˣ̤
¾޾ˡ峤ҲԿеյ㣬ҲֹϢ˰ķ豹棬Ҳû
ΪǺʵϣĿ꣬Ŀģ̤ǾԲܡ
ӷҶȶԼףأȻҲ˶һ԰̾״˾̫ನۣһþϣ£ģһһ⣬ܲռ
˫ƽĵķʽš
һʱ䣬ҶϤڲȻӷǡ
ӷҶȣҪҶȶϢһʱ䣬ûܸıҶȣӷֻͱҶ뿪׷
ӷصأɽ塣
Ҷȣ˵Ȼһ˲е˲ţ
峤ֶվȪԣӷĳΪٵˣɫɫ̫࣬ҶȣһܼΪأ˼Ҳ쳣ܣΪӦȴ޷ţӵֶΣ򵥰ˮݺᣬ˵Ĳ
μҲʮ־㵣ȻܴӺ֮һƤ£ˮ¿Ϊֻһб뷨ˣ벻ز¶
أΪҲΪˣΪԺúϧҶ֮佨Ե֣ҾѸӦҵΪ̩Ȼ֮Ϊǰľ㶼ӵУĳɾͣ٣㣬ңǺ£㽫ͻףӵ˼磬İжྪˣ
صؽ
ӷ˼֮С
֮ģ
һ²ҶȾʹڵ׷ص֮ģҵһʱ䣬֮ˮҲˮ¿ڵĵȺ
ӵڣȻ󲽷繫ҲӹֶͨһҶԼڴˡ
ռ䣬仯һǧͷʵھţһԾΧʮֺ
̸ˣһֿͨ۳ȥһ棬ͨʶ̻ᣬнף֮·ǲóˣԭҲȽھ򣬿ϣҲ٣ֻҪͻ֮Ŀʲô
ιһҶȱ벽繫뿪ռ䣬뿪ӣտˮ֮С
繫˼󣬵߶ѰҼˮһֱģƽܻϴūԳǵǿ߳ˮһգһ»ʴĻ𣬸ӿ£
ڿǣ취ƽܣ
ҶͻȻ˵һ䣬һ仰繫ȫ񾭶ýġ
㣬һҶȣþòŻָƽҶֵܣԸƽܿɲףǿߣҲϹϵҲ֪뺣֮Щγˣ
ȥ͵͵˵죬ֻᱻƽܡţƵ·ˣԷֳ񣬳ûԸƽܣ֪ɷҪһͳ֮ģǳƽܣߣܰھٻصؽţ
Ҷֵǻл˵
Ȼ䡣繫üΪ䡣
ҶͷųֿЦݣ֮ĵĿģҪΪʵԲһֱƽܡԣҲƶһĿ꣬ȽƵΪһӣȻΪһӽƽܣսȡֻĿеһ֣ȻħƵЩҶҪһһ壬˵һͳ֮ģҪΪ֮ģǿҳˮ⣬ﵽĿ֮Ҳ뿪֮ģصʮΪҵһУˮֻʵһĥ֮أ
벻ҶֵܣᣬԭӵĽ˲ΪĿԼ繫ĿһֱӲִھ֮С
õĻᣬͬҲǵûᣬҡ˿Ժȴƽ֣ԸȻֱָǻռһƣΪʱ򣬼ʱʼжʱһߣ֪㣬˽ھǻô죿
ĺԸһˣ
嵺ʹ£㸲߶Ը嵺Ҫģ嵺мܲˣҹţƽѾʼɣϴμˮʧһĻֲ߻ģһˮϣʱ嵺ûдڵĿܣ
ѱһ𣿡
Ҷѡֻһƽ֣˵ܵβҶȻĿ꣬һȥֱʵĿΪֹ
𲽷繫ӵԥҶȴһֱԵѾƲ䡣
ã
ֻǳĬһᣬ繫üһƣᶨĵԼˣֶԸƽܣ֮նɱƽܣа˲գʣ㣬ɱҲشʧȥƵߵһУ
ҶһͻȻ֮Ҫնɱƽܣ㡭ϣ˲Ҫ֣һ˶ԸˣԸǿߣԼγ˵ԷԮƽܣҪԼ֮ƽ̳
һ˶Ը繫ӴһǲҶȵʵԼֶΣʵ̫ǿˣҽƻһˣ޷аնɱƽܣҲֻа˲ա
Ҷһˣּֿܣ
ԸƽܣҵУҵ֮ϣͨܶսѹأûбģ¾ôˣԺϸϸļƻ취Ūƽܱ˶ҲҪصƵʼƻ飡
ҶԵʮ㣬̬ȼȻһ뿪
²繫ӣĬ˺ܾãͻЦЦȻ˵ҶȵһμǷشݵǿǡ
ú˸벽繫һȻȲ繫ӡҶȻҪżԸƽܣҸû˿ɵ˲òŮӡ
Ƶ
Ϣع飬ͨں֮ҶѾʼģƫС
ӵλʥʵʵʼڽʮ꣬ﵽ뵱Ӧĳŵ
Ϊ֮ĵǿߣ


2013 սƽ
ϣò
Ҷ벽繫Ӷһûѡ񣬲繫嵺Ҫػһ˽Կɿ鴫ȥ㺣֮ģ
Ҷ˵꣬ӦĳŵҲǰ
꣬󲿷ʱ֮ϣûʵûΪʵŬڿԿʼʵŵԡ
ܹӦĺͬʱҲҪԼһ
֮ģ
ҶȴŰ˴󸱶ӳƵΧѲߣ֮ƽܣԼκθ֡
˵׵㣬ƵֶǿԼŬƵģͨƽܰţ˶ΪƽΪھŶӶӳҶҲ޷ױƽΡ
һ£ҶȵǿԿƽܣǹϣ˽£ܽӴƽܣҪԿƽܣȻȡԸİ취вͨҶΪƵǿߣͬףõƽΡ
ֶֻһööӰˡ
ûκνչ£ҶȰˡ繫취
繫ӸպҲ뵽һơ
ˮ¿Ըƽܣ
Ưˮ߿գ繫ӵҶˣļƻ
ԭ취Ǻ뵽Ҫˮ¿Ϊ֮ÿһߣʱʱ̶̿ˮ¿κη紵ݶһʱգ繫ӼƻǴˮ¿֣ˣƽֻܹҪҶڰ;Ѱһᣬƽֱɡ
ͬʱ˴¸֣ƵӣҲǵӳӦϣɱƵ
ڲ繫ӣҪԸ֧Ԯ
ƽ㺣֮Ķ꣬ʮ֮еˣкĹϵƵͬˣƽѣӦû֧Ԯв繫ӶԸ
֪ϸڣҶȲδ̬Ѱһֲ֮繫ƻõİ취ȴҲһֶԸƽֱܺӵİ취ʮʵá
ǰǶԸǿУҶȶ뵽һԼռһƵİ취Ҳⷢ⣬κμƻⷢо仰˵ĺãƻԶϲϱ仯ѡһƸļƻѡһƿأʵʵİ취
ʱһԵĺˣҲϸһȻƽ֣Ҿõ˼ƿУ˸պÿԷֿ£ɱ˲ƽܣҲԶȡƵý˶ĿģΪؼģҶֵܣܲʤǿƽǷϣ
Ӷôˣ˵ʵ취ģȴĿǰģϾڰƽʱɣ
˶޳ɣҰѼƻҲ͸ҶȱϴӦ
Ҷֵܣܷ֣߳ǹؼ
õҶȡ˶޳ɣ繫ӦԵúܸˣһЦҲûУζʲô˵ƸۣȻĿҶϡ
Ҳһͬ
ʱ˳һŶ裬Ҷ¶ģƽܵʵϴ¼ò࣬ʵڰ˽λʥλӵа˽λʥʵʥأҲǾǿߣҪɱҪܴĴۣλģоŲգɱƽܣʣһ㣬ƽܳ˳򣬻ʲô·ɱȣˣҶһ򲻻֣ǳֵĻػﵽĿģ
ãǶҪסһ㣬κһʧ󣬷֣ʧȥƿأˮ¿£Ҹƽ֪󣬱ػһΨһ֪˼ˮӵеĵͼǾƱػ鿴Ū㶯ҲȻ
繫ӲһߣӵǿҵĴֹۡ
˵˴ʱ䣬жʱ䣬Ԥʱڣ졣
Ÿɢȥʼ׼
ҶȻصƵ㿪ʼȫȫ⣬УһսģƽܣԼһԺѹؾͲʲôˡ
ʱΪҲﵽ߽λ״̬ʵλʥƽܣһξ롣
ֲ״̬ƺܽкܴսҶӵʥʵֻǴƽܲͬλʥ񣬴ﵽ˽λʥʵӿֲ˹
ζҶȣһսҲ֮ģӭϵսԼʵսӾսԡ
һ׼꣡
һ죬˶繫ѳɹٰˣˮ¿󾮶֣ϢѾʼؿԲͬĸֱ֣ߴϢ
ȻҶͷŸӦƵΧʱ׼ȷĸӦƽܰзɳƵֱ֮ˮ
Ҷȵͨںϣиȥͬʱ꿪ʼƻҶƽ֣ܽ˾ͻӦϣƵ
ֻʮҶȾ͸ƽܣȺϷҲ־ԼߣһʮˣͬʱȻв繫ӡ
ߣʱ޷鿪
ʮͬʱӵеİˮɽҶڽ֮У벽繫ӱϵ֪ǽһһ
Լһ֮ʮ²һΧķԵһЩ֣ǿȻһ߲Ÿ뿪
ƽܷɳƵʱҶȸ֣ȻƽܺȻı·ߣбʣҶò繫ˣʱĪҪж
ƽܣȺʮһϷ˰죬߶ӡ
ֻʮĸ߶ȣһṦں󷽵ҶȣͼһϤĺǿ߳ˡ
ʣ
żʥĺ֣ƽ֮Ҷȵ߶ߡ
ǲǶ߼ˮˣڿǵĿʴֿҸһȵ
ƽпˣһǲ繫ӣɵ˻һʲô˺ھʣϴʵ˳ŵԼûץסˮⲻԹҰɣ
£ߺҲܵͷʧȥأܰңץ߼ˮˣʲô⣬ݲ˵Ȼ˵ƽܣʱҪֻҪã߻ɳڣٸ֧Ԯ㣬ȡȻЩ
죬Ҳúüƻһʣץס߼ˮˣԸγͬˣ
ƽܵһֱţҶɫһֲƽЩ꣬һֱûжҲûûԸ嵺ԭҪֱȻưԺ֮ģ
Ȼƽܼƻ̫ͻȻ޷ͣƽܵ磬ҶҲòƽƻ
УȴһٽʵǿȡȻ֮ƣưԺ֮ģƽƫ棬ȴһʤС
˵㻰ǰ̧ͷλܵ꼰ΰңԺʲôѴҲ㣡ʵ˳ŵ
ಣ
˶Ի˼򵥣ֱ⣬ž͸ɢȥ
ƽܷɳӣʼƵȥ
ôйϢ𶯣
ɳãüͷһ壬һӦʲôϢǹһƺʩչʲôͨ˺ϢڣһͻȻһٶһ
ಣ
һӰӺǧװգһȥ
ҵҪ˭űƽһƺںӰɳĿռ䣬׹˸ȻѸӰ׷ȥ
жˣ
ӰͷһЦҶȣǹͷϢƽܸӦȻΪľƽעȥˮ
ͬʱҲˡ繫Ӵ


2014 Խ֮սָVSȭ
ӣ
ƽں󷽿׷ֹٶȴﵽ˵İ˽λʥ߶ȣɹĿռ䣬һռ伱ĦĶĿ档
֮ҶҲʵλʥٶ֮ǿƽܽȻƽܵٶȣռݺܴơ
ϷˮԶ뺣֮ģҶ֪ƽһսػ޴󶯵Ͼ߽λʥĺԲʮķΧƻս
ͬʱҲҪΪˡ繫ȡʱ䡣
뺣֮ǧ֮Ҷƺƽܣˮ򣬵Ǻûġ

󷽷һƷ
ƽٶȶȻߣͬһףգȻ˫Ŀһһ֮⣬Ҷȡ
ȣ
ƽܹҶһûѡرܣҲûټȥͷתͻȻָű֮һץ
֮Ű˽λʥ»Ҷȵָ÷ɣ
ȴ֮ͬҶָҶȷһץͬͷһɺڰ׹⣬֮˲תƣһա
˭ģ
ֻǵգ۹ƽҶǰһ£úڽҶȣŭɶʵ
ΪȻƵǺ֮ĵߣŸ߸ϵơ
Ҷȷ֮һЦ˭ҪҲŹңҿǰ㣬ҵϣȻ֪ҵݣ֤Ŀ
кʸλʥʵӽλ֪Ϊֻλʥ񣬵شͿ˭˭£ָ
ƽܾƽܣҲһۣ˵һҶһָһδأѾɱҶȵǰ
ɼٶж졣
ʳָָ˸Ŵ׹⣡
ƽܴʱȫͷűףɼЩγһףȻбƣӿ֣׷ʳָָ⡣
һָﵽ۷壬ҲҪһָնɱҶȡ
Ҷȣ˫ֻۣɱһеָ⣬üĵˣΧռҲ׹һУƽͷŵϵǿ־ҪһУҶȷ
ȥδӣ
ǰҶȾԲ濹⣬ʱ߶ǧͼֻ֮ߡ

һĿ꣬սƽܣԽԼҲǶҵս
ֻǿ£ȻѸײڶ֮ƣұٿһһƣҲﵽ۷壬λʥ۷壬ȭͷҲͷųĿ⡣
ƽ벻ҶȻ⣬ɵü֮ԱǵЦݣҡҡͷֱ

ɲ֮䣬һжڣֻ־Ծ˵ơ
׹ָȭͷײһǷֲײȻ׹ƣȭͷ⣬һƽָܵʯҶȭͷ֮ϡ
ͣ
׹ָ⣬űҪķâҶȵȭͷƣȻһҶֱֱ˳ȥ
ܣ
ʵʵƽռƣǱɵҶȣоֱ۶û֪˰ɿȭͷƣ뱻̳һ
ƽܸӰЦ˵֪֮ʵ̫Զһָһ΢΢һЩҲף㣬ӦþǴ絺Ƥ£߼ˮ˰ɣ
µĲƻʵļƻ絺߻һУƽܣԶ𣿡
ҶȲסΣˣʵҲܵشˣƵѪѾϡ
ô˼Ļָ
ƽһ֪ҶĵҶȵƣȻƬָ̻ʱЦԭƣٶȣ뱾⣬ԲѣҵҪʲôͣ
ٿ
˵꣬ƽȫͷűףҲͬһȻֶץһ׹󵶣һҶȡ
޽

޽Ҷǰγ޽ýƽܻӳ׹󵶣һδײÿһ׹ڽϣһĽ𣬵ܿµĽںϡ
ˣҶҲ޷赲ƽܵĹơ
̫ǿˣռƣһһһһ޹˼ɣѽ󲻶ѹȥ
ͣղűȫһָ̫߿ˣ
һҶȺ޷ֻᣬƽܹЦն׹󵶣ͣغ
ߣ
Ȼ޷ԿҶȾ뵽취ȻԼƣߴ߶֮󣬽֮

ԭһҶȱƽһ࣬Ҵ̳޽
ٶȡ
ƽһƺз֪ٶȣȻˣʵ̫ٶΣ
һΣƽܾȻûѡ֣Ǵ߶˷

޽գ۴ƽϣȴס̫ǿˣ޽δѹκƣ𿪡
˳ƣƽܱһƣҶȡ
ಣ
ٶȣͣܡ
Ҷû˼עΧƽ֣ܽγɵƣ·֧˵ĺХ޾ɢҡ
ٶȣڴ֮ͨ£𣿡
һƽҲʱԸҶȣҶƸһȥ磬ƽҲͷۣıս˫ֶʱӡ
̣
һĻˡ
ϿգһƬƣȫǱ˸оٵĽƣһЩơ
ƽҶȣ֮У㽵һٶµ׵硣
£
ͨȻǴģҶȼ̴߶£ȻߣͣҪ׹һЩ׹磬ǻо£ûش
ȻƽܵͨȴΧˮóɱ֮⣬γɵ׹ƣҲӣ·Χ֧˶ϱڣ
֮£ٶҲûжã
Ҷѵ;ĩ·ĵزȷƣһУ޷ƽܾƥУʩչ̫޼˻ףҲˣͨҲֻﵽλʥ߶ȣƽǰ˽λʥʵ
ƽܾҲı䲻ʲô
壡
գҶҲҪĵƣˮҲΪϣưһ

߶壬ҲҶȽҪڶʱ䣬ƽոմ߶ͬɽһƣһ
Ҳ˵ڵʵѾλʥ񣬴ﵽ߽λʥ
ף
ռƵƽܣͻȻƷƣûع˼ضҶȣ͵ҡͷƺţҶ˴ͨʵһ
во˴вͷɵãѹҶȵͷ
ָ
ͬʱƽֶˣΧ׵ͣͬһͷ׹ޣѸ͵Ҷȣʳָͷ׹⣬һεҶüġ
ɣ
Ҷһ׵繥ұһͬʱȭͷ

׹ָ⣬ȭͷһײһΣƽָܵ⣬Ҳû˵Ҷ˿һɾָ͸ҶȺ
ԣҶȻǴơ

գۣƽܾȻֿʼȻָĵָ
ҶȣûˣǶкܴӰ죬һδ߶壬ȻһһȫҶԼԪ·ﵽղ֮
壬һ
ҶȻұƽ𾪣ҶȵȭͷȻӭ


2015 鱾ʯ

ݺĸ߿գ£
ƽܵĵָҶȵȭͷײһ𣬿ɼƽ磬׹ⱼڵøܼƣӿұۡ
ҶȣҲˣ׷׽ұ֮С
ٴָȭͷײγɵĻƣʱɢ
ŵŵţ
ͬʱҶƽܸ˺
£
ƽܴδд˿̵沿ŤӵҶȣڣȻܴﵽȵʵ߶ȡ
ĹȻ߶ڶȻﵽȰ˽λʥʵֲ˶ã
ŻһץҶϳ˹ʥǹżʱ̣Ҫƽܳ״ܡ
ͣ
֮䣬ʥǹѴ̳
žžž
ƽȻ𾪣δˣͣ׹֮ʥǹһʱײҶȵһֽ׶Ρ
˫㣡
غϽ֣Ҷȶ޷ѹƽܣˣִ߶ͨΧһɹɵУγĴ˫㡣
ƣ
аƽܲסУڲ֪֮УѶҶ֣ĪĿ־壬˫һ׹⻯Ϊƣڴ˫֮ϡ
䣡
˫㱻飬ƽƾƣҪץ򣬿ϧĴ˫һεƽܣòϱը
ͣ
ͻأһʥǹϴ˫㣬ƽ磬һ𣬱һѪ

ƽŭɶȻˣҶȽֵһĻĻͻȻоһĪëȻǸ̥֪ʲôĪҪץסˣܣֻнնɱ
ף
üģͻȻһϵ׹⣬׹⣬Ȼʥƣͬٵصһ⣬д
䣡
Ȼ׺俪һӣƽ˳һɳٴҶԸ߿գü˸˵Ĺ׹⣺ȻƵңʩչֶΣòɱ㣬ҵϣҲң
ղǹɹƣӵеģıԴںϣƽܣһͨؾǵõŹĴаɣ
侲еҶȣѾϵƽܻóıֶΣΪһߣ繫ֶΣƽҲС
ƣƵòó汾¡
벻㻹۹⣬˵ˣһǸ߲ʱڹŽһżѰʱⷢԶŵһǿߴУڵ֪ҵܣҲӦĿ˰ɣ
ƽɱڵ˵꣬ȻüΪԴ룬׹⣬ֻƣٴӿұۡ
ʩչָһ׿ռ䣬ͻȻҶڰհΧƽܸ߸߾ұۣſʱҶڵ׹ռ䣬ϷһУΪһƣƣ
ԭǿͨںϵͨ
ҶȸӦƽڵʵѾﵽ˰˽λʥʵ֮ǰҲ˽һ
ãٴδ߶ġûа취ҶȽҪսܣ
˲ϢҶּĵϡ
͵һʮȣſʼȣȻһԪ·ſʼߡ

ϷƣռĽȻʮ֮ʱΧռ䶼ڲ
ȻףҲס
ͬʱϵ׼ҶҲͬʱ⿪һӡҲ󣬿ƽ֮ܵһ޼˻ס
ӵ壬Լ޼˻ףҶȲģսƽܣʼӦʵֳŵһ졣
˻ƣ
ͻȻӳҶϣſʱ˸ڰµ׹⣬Ϊһɴİ˻ơ
ôţͬΪϵıԴ
֮ǰĵʮģɼ˰˻ƣԼҶһα˵ƣ˫ͫ𺳡
һ߶ȫҶȺȥ

ϵײһ𣬻ƽ֮С
ȣ
ס
ͬǣƽܵϵ磬ҲδﵽĵزҶȵϵȴԵΪߵĳͷߣڰһ棬Ϳ磬ƺһĻڤڤ֮עġ
ͣ
ϷƣҶȵİ˻ƣ̺һɿƣѹƵƣʱʼ֮УʱƾͿʼ顣
ۣ
ƽһѪ˺ֱҡͷƽܣô᲻Ķ֣ƽܿǺ֮ĵߣ
ಣ
˵ʱʱ죬ƽܴһ֮󣬳ռ䲢δʧֻƱüģһʯ
ʯңʯıʣǸ߼鱦
ҶҲδ˿ɣʱʯ֣״̬ʱͿʯƷʣԭһ鱾ʯƽǴʯ֮Уõһϵͨ
ǲںΪţڰǿĿߡ
ʯıʣǳϵԴıȻⲻбҲһĸ߼Դ
ô꣬ǵڶҴ߶鱾ʯĶ֣Σ㰲Ϣɣ
ƽ˵꣬ĮĽӡһԪ󲿷ֶӿ鱾ʯ֮С
һȻǳֲҲҪ㿴ʲôϵͨ
ƽܵĴҶֻڰڴ޼˻Ȼ֣һ˵֮
һи˽ˣ
Ȼʱ˿̣ҶƽĲģҶһ㣬Է߶ǿȻҲҪˡ
ָ
߶һϹϵıʯƽ󷢳ĹʲôϵͨԵָ
ಣ
ʯȼ׹⣬Ȼȼ֮򣬺ȻΪһʮɳ׹ָͬһӣƽþȫŭһ׹ָ·СҶȣ׹ȥ
֮
Ҷһ̤룬գ˫ץס֮Ȼþ߶ϵ׶֮¶ϣ׹ָ
䣡
֪֮һ׹ָ֮һ̣ײһ𣬱ƣ̻Χռ䣬ײƣ챬ϯĻ
¡
ţƽȫ߶£ͬʱҶҲס˫ͻȻ˳ƶ֮׹ָָ㣬ֱӺ飬Ȼգۣʮɸߵ׹ָ֮֮¡
ܣҰˣ
ƽһѪֹȻ˺󼸲ΪƬ׹ָһţģҲ÷ˡ
ಣ
ץסʯƽܵͷ֮ķȥ
һߣ˾ѡܣ֮ǰ׷Ҷȣһȣ飬Ķӣγ̫ķ
ҶҲ벻ƽӵ˸ɴ࣬ǱٶȣƽԶȲϵġ
ɲǣʹ߶ǧͼʧ

գ۾ͷɳ׵ƽܣͻȻһƣϷţͬûڰ÷
ƽܣ˵ˣٶƣǾŽλʥٶҲԽң
ҶȽֶһ̤һƣƽš
ۣ
Ҷƣƽ֮ǰ󹥻ͷƣ״̬£η
׵ٴһѪ˫ĵﶯͣģ˫Ѫͣ죬أͬħҶȣƽôʧܣôܣ
ƽ˵Ъ˹ҶȲ뵽ޱãǵĴ磬սƽʧܣʱƽܣǶôֺĿһУ벻Ҳн죿


2016 Ҫս
ĺȻҶȵ˫ͫһĨ£̫಻ܣͨ˫֣ǿԻΪܵģƽܣһ֣һúʹ࣡
㡭סǡ˭
ˮưôƽܣȻ֪ҶȲܷŹǸһɻδ⿪
Ҫ֪˭֮֡
ƽܣ˭ɣ
ƽܵһԸҶҲһժڽವһʧ
㡭Ҷȣ
ƽһ˺ҶȵݣѾʧȥκθ֪״̬
Ϊ벻սֵزˣȻĲ£һֻӣ޿еĲ£Ȼ෴ȻĴݡ
ԳʧܣڳԽǿУȴܣһϣҲǴ󲿷˵ıԡ
ͣ
Ҷȴ̤һ
ƽҲ࣬ƽܶȻ˫ۣȻûκζͬʱӴһѪͷ­벱ӷ롣

ͷʬ壬ͬʱ봢֮У¿֮УЩ׹ʧֻʣҶ¶¶Ŀ⣬߿գĿⲻ¶Ҽįһʱ䣬նɱƽܣﵽĿģЩӦ·ѹһӾʧˡ
Ҷȴһֻûʧ״̬֮Уû֮Уá

·֮УͻȻðһݡ
ҶȸյͷһӰʮɳˮ档
̾ҶȿӰؾʣ
ƽϢʧˣ׵ʧ
ʴһں֣ʥһʮʥҶΧ°գڸ߿Ѱƽڡ
ҶȾˣʶƽܰľȱΪƵԼͬˣˡ繫ƻֻ
ֻϧ̫һЩƽܽ컹治
֮¾ƽܿƿһУºзִ磬޷ϵĶֶ̺Ρ
㡭
ʾȷʲôĿҶϣٿȻһŭСӣһжģϴξ߼ˮñʻȥ޷ɱƽܣ
ҶȴݲʮʥνףʣڲϳңϧѾˣ˵һУΪ˹ȥΪ޷ıʵô㻹żˮɣѱɱˣƽܵģҲҵϣҪ𣿡
ƽܾǸͷβķҲˣҲãڼˮɱﱾˣˣǵΰߣҪˣҲɱ
һˣΣʣ˵Żˣϴ׷׷˰죬󻹲ǱҰˣѵǵǱ
㡭Ǳһʱ⣬һΣʾԲл뺣֮Уץ㣬ʾͿ߽ģҲˣѷɣ
ĵ˵꣬Ѿʼͷսơ
Ƶˣ֪иһ̸ӦϢһ뿪ƽܱɱҵҲ¶׷ɱҲں֮ѰңҺܿͻҵƵʱռݵƵ³嵺࡭
ǰһ̣ҶȲսƽܣѹһ룬ѹ֮ǰּӸ
ΪӴʱʼҪʽΪС
嵺Ļ棬뵽Ƶ
ˣͻȻһҶȣͷ
ಣ
ûҶȣ߾ƾʧӰ١
ڴ߶壬ﵽ˽λʥʵ״̬£߶ǧͼٶѴﵽʥļޣʣҲȲˡ
⡭ɶָˣģѵ̴֪ȥ֮жѰҴˣصƵ
ǣ
ʮͷʥʵŭŵһ£󲿷ֶʧ֮С
һЦһŹҶȡ
Ƶ

ҶȾǿ״̬߶ǧͼƵϷȻҲӡعƽܵشҲһֳ
Ƶʱ͸ЦݣΪӦ˵ϢƵ룬ȻɹȡƵ
˱ʵͺǿֻ΢΢ƽܰˣƵһʥֵģ
ͬʱҲ벽繫ӸӦ̵֪繫ߣֽ׶Σ˫Ҷ֣ߣƽܵѡ
һ¾¾֮
һԼ𵺵ļŷ
¾Ǻ֮ĶʮĴ֮УǿĴڣҲ嵺ƵħΪ֮ǰĴ
¾֮ŷҲƽͬȸֵĴڣһĺ˿Ҳƽܼ֡
繫һӦߣȻ
붼룬Ҷȵһʱ߶ǧͼʧڸ߿ա
ƵˮΧԼԶ߿ա
繫Ӵʮ֣ǰһӵжٶǿߵĶڸ߿γɶԳ־档
ԷӪǰվˣһȻɱ¾֮ΪĻ£͸һŨɱ
ҷԵģǼ𵺵ߣŷ
߶Գ֣־棬ں֮Ĳ
ɱ¾֮Ȼͷˣȵ֣ٲÿɱֵܲ棬ôƽʱҲͬһϣԺȵֵܣƽгԹǹܲˣϾ˿ڣŷȻҪȥһˣ
ʲôƤ˺ˣŷֱӣѾѲ繫ӵˡ
ಣ
ۿ˫ҪţҶ޵شӲ繫֡
̫ʱˣ繫ɫһɣҶҲһˣ濹⣬ҪҶȡ
ŷмȵϣ絺ÿ
Ҷȴʱվǿƽܵģ
Ȼǲ֪ȤǾ͡ɱ¾֮Ҳıơ
Ǽˣƽҵϣ

Բѣʲôɱƽܣˮ꣬ɱ˭ֳɹˣ
ɱ¾֮ŷЦֹ
ಣ
ҶҲ÷ϻһס
ʱһѪܵͷ˳
ƽܣ
ǰһ뻹Цͣɱ¾֮ŷʱƽͷҲЦɫҲΪѿ
һԵĲ繫ӣҲЩ
ƽܺôһߣʣһͷ
ŷʱƤҶȣǺηʥ
šƽҵϣȻԺҾƵĵΪҶȣֻһ΢СλǰҾһֻϣҶȴݵӦƽȴ͸һΰ
Ҷȣ
ɱ¾֮ŷһۣȷû
Ҳڴ˷ı䣬ɱ¾֮ŷԳֲ繫ӣռƣڣҶȼ˫ͳ״ﵽͬһ߶ȣ˭Ҳռ˱ˡ
ããǱػãϲҶλɱ¾֮ǿʩŷ۷
һȣ
ҶȴסˣɵߣΪҶҪ֣Ҷȴ׳ʮӿߣȻ΢Ц鷳תһ˵Ҷȣսսߣ
㣡
һһҶ֮սɱ¾֮ŷѡĬץס򣬴ڨڨȥ
һδƽһҶֵܣʱ治ףΪҪͻ
繫üʵɫࡣ
ɱƽܣֻǿʼҵĿģսߣȻһҪЩɣҲ׼ˣиҪµǣȥ˵
Žһɻ󲻽Ĳ繫ӣƵ


2017 þƵ
Ƶ
ΧʱͣʿЩʿǴˮҪƵϢƵӡֹκ˽롣
Ҷ벽繫Ϸ㾰󣬲δ⣬һ֮С
˿̣Ƶʮ죬ÿһһˣΨ뵺죬һǧ౾Ƶǿߣ׷׾ۼڹ㳡֮Уֹ£һˣʵʵվŲʲôʸˣʵ
Щ˲ʱϷɵעźһһ
˴Լٲ£Լ֧꣬ͶĶӳγѹԵѹƵڸ֡
νȺףϺʵǿһ֮ԺնɱƵκεʿ˭ʵʵ
ֲǣΪﵽĽλʥǿߣƳԽʿ߸ϣںǰ߲һС
˾ɥһ棬Ǻǰһ̣Ƶĵƽѱնɱµĵڸ;С
ˣ
ƿشֵĺˣͻȻü֮УһĨϲվա
ʿҲ׷׿ȥ繫Ҷ콵ٶʱ˭˲𾪣繫絺ҪƵ˶ʶҶȣƵĶӳͻȻ֣ȻƵˣе㵡
֪׷ʲô£ΪκͻȻͻȻƿƵΪҶ絺ͬʱ֡
˻棬վڸ̨֮ϣ򵥺Ѽ䣬Ҷȱ߳һɨ·ˣжϤףھŶʮ֡
ǲƽˣ
Ҷƽغһ䣬ûжֻһץһѪܵͷǰ
һֹ̣£ͨĸŴͣһ۾Ͳٿȥ
ƽҵϣԴӽԺƽܵĵҶȣԼٴν˰ɣ
ָһץһըƽͷջΪһѪʱҶȣƽʱ˵ÿһ֣޷İǡ
ֳĵģƽղ£Ĭˡ
Ǻ벽繫Ӵĸ֣ĸŹĿ⡣
Ҷ𽥷ϸ߿գƽˣֵôʲôģ쿪ʼƵ£һйض䣬ΨһҪģǽ꣬ƵռĲƸϽң׵£ƽң͵ҳΪҵļ񣡡
л
棬óڳ˭˲ˣ
Զƽܵ䣬ʱɫϣʧһɶûȥƽܣӴ˿̿ʼһжµĿʼ
׵ȹ£ΪϵĿʼһǧָɢȥ
Ҷ벽繫ӡ˲ƽƿصĹ
ȵһ£ҶȾձƽŮӣһһɣ뿪Ƶ
ָıһЩƣԼƵ磡
ŪһУҶȲ벽繫ӡ˾ģ뵺ɽۣ֮Ҷȵնɱƽܣһ鷳ʣ
ˣĪ֧Ԯƽܣ繫Ӹ⣬ɫ֮У⡣
ȷˣҺһλɱƽܣȻǳɹˣҲ֪һƻļƻһ̻֪˭ػῪʼں֮ĵҵݣ¹˶ãʾͻϴζԸ嵺һɱƵ
Ǻã㻹ǸϽ뿪Ƶ
һʱ̬أΪҶȶġ
ӣˣЩô죿
ҶٿȻתԼ繫ӣ£ҶǸƽģһߣŹƵʿᱻնɱһǵͷҶҲӣ
⡭
һʱûκԡ
벻ҶȾȻƵȺްϵʿѳ˵
ˮ֮УĸʿΪԼ˽̫Ѱˣ繫ӡˣ˵ףҲֻǱǿһЩˣҲΪİ˰Σȥ롣
Ҷȴ˷Ҳ벽繫ӣǷʧ޵֮ġ
һ˶ֳĬó鶼̫á
繫ӺȻ˼ת͵ֵܵţ֣֮ߣҲ֣£ҪΪЩ룬ɱҲȲǣӣһֵ࣬˺֮ǿҲڽ϶ԸƵ嵺
ҵĿģЩߣҵǲͲõģʱ򵱸Թ߰ɣˣҾҪһ֣ҿ˭κңҪ棬ͳͳѹȥҵĿ꣬Ҳ֮ĵĿģǶȻȥ¶Ҳкܴ󲨼
ҶԵء
벽繫ӼҶ⸱ɫ֪ΪΣ͸е̤ʵΣҲû˵ʲô뿪
̫죬Ҫҵݣ鵽֮ҲһˣԸҿɲԸƽܡ繫ӣһӽ
һ꣬Ҫϯ
һԺһԺ֮ߡ
ص֮УҶȵټиˣԼʥϵǿߡ
ʮҶڱ֮ϣЩϰߣͬɵƽһҶȹ
һˣҿҶһۣǻʸˣҶȱ
̫СҶˣͷβҶȶδˣҲûҪô죬ʸ˻Ǹ
Ҷʾ⣬һһ֮󣬱㿴ף£ʱ䣬һпɻָ
һжѻָЩ˻ѡ뿪Ҳһˣûûκα仯ģʵ
ҶȳĬһҲ£˶Ҷȣ֪ҶҪ˵ʲô
̧ͷλмҪ˵һ£¹غƽܴ˱ɵĺܣʲôĵˣ֪ɱǶ̣ͬ࣬ǶٽãɱƽܣɱǸԻŹŴҲ֪ǰսԷŹЩˣƽһĺŹңǻ֪ҵݣ²֮󣬻鵽ƵʱƵݲһлΪ棡
ǡ
ʱͬڵĿˮһסˡ
ҶȲδֹˣ·˵ѡ񣬵һ뿪Ƶϣ˶Ͽ뿪ƽϢٻƵǣڶҶǲģһսҪ˶˶µĺϵģǷ뿪Ҳ֣סҲƽܣҪ뿪;뿪ĪҪգ
󣬸ûҶֻǵӦһ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôˣƵ˵Ҳֻһ֮أ֮ҲҪ뿪
ǶЩ޹ˣȻ֮У󲿷ֶһЩ׼֮ȴҲͬʻҶȲ꼰أԵ޹ʾͶ
ոջصͻȻͷ
ˣһˣǶʮʹߣת浺ӽʼ֮ҲûƵ
û٣Ϣͨǵ֪Ƶƣ˶ԲߣûƵȻ󲻾ֶ֮Ƶ֣ɱңȡƵһУ
ϢҶȲмҡҡͷЩߣʼǱΪ飬ûƵȻѱƵ棬ߣ֮Ҳϴơ


2018 ͻư˽λ
ǸλӦʵ
ҶȸûЩߵ£ûӦ̬˵ʲôʲô޼£жѡ뿪
߰˰ˣʣµĶһЩԼʥǿߡҲڶҡ֮Уģûжˣ
ǰɣ˴кƵã͸ȥɣ
ҶȻӻ֣뿪˹
ЩߣҪΪ˰ҴӺ֮˸ϳһٸˣǷˮ¿ɼĿʯ
ȻЩˮ¿ƽܣʱڿһһ
ҶҪģʵ
߽λӵλʥʵ̤˽λӵ߽λ˽λʥʵԸκߣ⣬ҸʵʵȺ֡
˽λص㣬ƽܡ
ƽܿһλʥһӵа˽λʥ㹻Ҷں֮󣬲ҳ˽λ
ͷܷ򹬵Χһ޴Ĳ¯ƽʬУץĴ䣬ȻѲ¯䣬֮ҶȲҪʱ䡣
ȣ
ҪƣҲףƽʵǿڴķӡȻҲͬСɡ
һںգ䲻ϱ׹⡣
Ǳɷ򣬰øɸɾ봢˲䣬ҶȾͼ˴ʯԼѳɽһںڿʯˣһ£ʯǧ֮࣬Ҳˮ
ƽֶܻΣôƸ̫̰ˣôƸ㹻κεط¿ʼں֮ƣ̰֮¡
ҶںǱԴ
һ֮ѰңȻҶҵʮͨԴнһ붼бԴ
Ӥֻþ˵
֮Ҷ̯֣ĳһ鱾ʯƽӵеǿ鱾ʯ
ͷ뱾ʯ֮УܿһȱȫĿռ䣬ռֻйϵκαһжƽںˣֻҶʣϵԼʯ
ҶȿʼʯһҲܾ˵ͬʱҲ鿴ΪѾ߽λ״̬ҪӽԲܳһξ룬߲׳λԲ
ӤֳһЩ
֮УҶȻҪ鿴Ӥ
ӤҶţ֮ǰõǿţɫʯ򣬼ΧвٱԴӤʱ״̬ҶȴδģӤ͸״̬Χһף̺ɫ
ɫףӤԼɵģӵбԼЧ
ӤҪӭһɳ߷塭
ԴһŹʯӤɳٶȣԽԽ죬ҶҲصɽĴţڶ
֮룬ӵпȺ֮С
λ
ϰǿƯһΧƯŶʮ߽λʥǺ֮ߡ
繫ҲС
ɱ¾֮ŷÿһƾˣۼڵ֮
ɱ¾֮һվˣȻƵ̬Ҫʱ䣬ƵϵĵˣĿ˵Ҷȣ
һߣͻȻ򲽷繫ӣ֣壬ٴλصӪ˵˵Ҷȣʲôͷ
ϸ·Ҳ˽⣬ʵǿֶأɱƽܣҲ繫ӵ
֣
ͻȻ֮УһѮߣ˫磬˲ڲ繫ϣʲôƻҶȣ
繫Ҳߣɫһ䣺һ֣ܳδ̫߿ˣҪҶȣֻ֣׾նɱƽܣҲֻ֣һ˿ѹɣ
ֶԸҶȣǿ϶£˵ҲԣӦԸҶȣȷѲѲĻʱͳɱ
ŷ߳ɱ¾֮գƺҪעӲ繫ƿ
磬һ֮Ǻ֮ģʵǿһˣҶȿɲܳģ
繫ӵĬΪ֮У۵һˡ
ͬʱһһи֪Ҷȡ
ƽеҶȣ֪߾ۻһ£Щˣ־ۻᣬҳһԸķӡ
һҶоеˡ
֮Щߣɱ¾֮ŷ硭ȵˣǲƽܣúԸÿߣĸԸԸܺİۣһȡ
ʣΨһĿܣһͬƵ
ʮ֣ʵʵʣǿ϶ģǴﵽʥ۷壬ҶҪԸҲףؼ˶࣬ǺаգҲģ֮û֣ͨ繫ӣͨ棬ҶȵһС
һϺ꣬һ֣Ͳʧܡ
벻繫ΪһߣƽܲߵѹȣٴߵһҶȶʵҲǽʱӦ߰ˣԵһʱ䣬Ƕ֪Ҷȡ
ǵŰɣҾҪ̤˽λ񣬵ʱңһǵġ
д㣬ŶԷҲһ硣
ٴη֮ϣ
ƽҶ룬ں֮ΪѴﵽ߽λԲ𽥽ӽ۷塣
ǰʮȥƾֹҶȣӶ˫֣ӡ֮ȫһԪʼӿս𵤣γԪ
ϾԪҲԾٶСֹȥһʱ䣬ҶͻȻһ˫һϡ
ˣ
ӵﴦһȦ˵Ľ⣬͸һЩӡ
ֻԪ˲仯ΪһߴСԴƯǰ߿ԴԱߣͷ⣬߿Դںϡ
žǿֲ飬ʮ־ˡ
Ҷ׼ľǵ֮ΪԽԽߣһʥϵĵͲˣΪʵ˵
ҲҪصɽ磬һԭ򣬵ʵɻȱҪء
ʱ˿̣Ҷ벻ƵϿգӰ
ǰϲϲҶѾ̤˽λ񣬾ʥѲʲô⣡
ӰӦ޾ˡ
ֲҶ޷ӦԭǳԽʥĴڣӵʥʵȴҶҪȾ룬Ӧ޷
Ӧ鿴ȥǸˮȻɫȻɣͬһ㣺ΪߣţȻҲǷߣҪлл㣬ϴΰҶȣ
ʵûҰһֱǰϴĿ¸ǰ޾ɳܲˣӦл⡣
Ӧ鲻Ҳĵ;һµ£̫΢
鿪ʼʵͻư˽λҵʵҲ߽λ˽λʥ֮䡭
УҶȻ˫ۣڸоҲڴﵽ뺣֮ߣһĸ߶ȡ
ʵգⳡΣһѹȥսǺ
ҶҲ⣬ѺԼĵˣں֮ЩߣȻһº֮ôҲͬ
һ磬Ҿ̤ʥ񡭡
滺һҶȱ䣬ʼȫʵ


2019 ѹȺ
磬ūԳǣ
ʣ
ūԳ룬޴Ĺ֮С
һһ̶ɵı֮ϣһӣĮӣվ·һʡ
ʣ
ղһʣȴǰԵһ˰㣬ֱ¡
ˣ
һƺҪĺɴ磬ͷֻ࣬ǰĺڽǣ͸΢΢âȻ΢΢ﶯһ£Աһǿĺʵ֮ϡ
ӹȻǰһѹһʬ壬¡һڵϡ

һ۾ϳճɽ˵ʬ壬գⷽˮһߣȻԶԶҲһﰡ
Ȼ³ʲ뿴Ӝʬ壬ۿû飬Ӧǻ֮ǰڳŵôģֻʣһȦѪ£ƿģ澹ȻЩĵĳӣڼѪ⡣
ң
̫ˣ
ڲŹ£ϿͷʣһҳټȻץʴã
Ǻǣ
ӵЦЦʻӵʣõģ㿴✼Ǹ㲻ֵͬߣ֮һ᲻㣿Ҫ㣬ֵܵţƬˮ򣬲ƣǸֵܣǰѺ֮ķ飬ҲҪҳˣʱҪټˣǰȻնף
ǣߵϣƣ¶ץˣ
ӻУʣŵòᡣ
槣
໽һ
ĽŲһ׳˶һƤһ˻Ƥ⣬°;ȻһĹǴ̡
槣ʼɵżæӵͷʾ⡣
ʣҲ࣬ϥϷ
΢΢͸һɹЦ㶼ˣҲýܣ槣ʺһͬȥ֮ģǸץ߼ˮȻѱʲҪģˣҲûң
槹֣ʷģһˣѵ֮ͨܣ
Ī⣬߽λʥΪ޷ץס࣬˽λʥΪҲһռþƣʵѽʥ۷壬κʥ񼶱࣬Ķ֣Ƕ˺úúϼƺϼƣȻȰĸҳ˵
ӻվ뿪֮ʱȻ뵽ʲô绹󶴸Ҫһʱܻ֪ҶƢѴ¸ˣӺùӸù
¶񣡡
ŵɫ԰ףﵽʮȡ
ЦЦ㲻һ뿪
ΪūԳǵˣҲ֮ˮˡ
槴磬뵽ʻ棡
һߣһЦǰʩ
槸ֶԵƸʤһ˵㣬ʣҶߵţⷽˮС㶼첻ˣѹղſûǣֵ֪λ߾Ϳع飬ǲˮη粨㶨ҲҪܵͽ䣬ڵˮǵܵǣǸ³Ҳˣҿɲ³
а槴Գ棬Соˣ
˵˾ԣϢ
Ŀǰ֣ں֮ĶʮŻҪһʱ䣬Ͼ󲿷ֵ죬ǲ޹ϵ
˾ͺãܳˣȥǸķ棬ϸһ
ǿߣһһ뿪˹
Ƶ
һۣȥ
뵺죬֮⣬ʮˣۼ棬׵һЩʥ񣬺ȻУٿƵѾЩʥҲκεӰ
ɣ
һȻӹڴͬʱŻ
˴һ۵Ҷȣڱ֮ϣϢһƽһ㡣
ǸոսھУʵﵽֳķ豹档
ҶǰƽɨˣҲ߰ɣ˼ҶȵллˣҪɱĻǵΪһж޷װ״ҲģҶȲںеģʱ򣬵¼ƽϢ󣬻ټǣ»صƵʱĺ֮ģӦûȫϴƣ淢ı䣬е飬ҿԤϣǰ׼ã罫֮ģصǰһƿصʱҲᷢı䣬е飬޷Ԥ⡭
ʵЩˣ඼޷صģֻˮƯȥ
ⷬһֱڴص
ʮ˶Ĭˡ
߳һηԷθĻ
һᾡƵȻⷽˮֻǾˣˣ֪ЩֵܣǻƵΧȥö䣬ƽµıȥˣһ棬絺ͨǿȥ밵ǰĪҪ֪£
ָһٴνһһö䣬ס
ǣ
Ʊ֮УҪض˶˵ϣ֪Ҳû˿壬һ뿪
֮ȷʵףҵһ֮
˵ĴҶ̫ˣڷ硢ɽ磬ҲΪǿУŶصӡ
ˮЩʿˣԭۼпˮ磬ڣ֮Ҳûˡ
ٴͷߣȻǻƵΧʿɢȥ
繫Ҳ׼ˣҾһȥЩߣ
𣬴߶ǧͼƾʧ
ˮ
ಣ
һʱ䣬ˮΧһÿһʮˣǿߣͷһߡ
ɱ¾֮ŷ硢Լ繫ӡ
֮󣬶ʮ߶ˡ
һߣˣԵŭɶȷڿӿпǸҶȣɱƽܣȻҲ̣ǴҵĿ
̫˰ɣɱ˸ƽܣʲô˷
һߣһΪǣƺƽܣں֮УΪͨߣɱҶȣҲǿȥ
仰γɴֱ飬һǲ֪ƽʵߣǴҲǲںһҶȡ
һǲ繫ӡɱ¾֮ŷ࣬ƽйӴϤʵߡ
ΣǽۻᣬΪһҶȵİ취
߽һϸ̸֮ʣĺȻ䣬һƵ֮д벻Ҷȣһ˰ˣЩ㡢ưԺ֮Ķߣ¡ºεºܣ
ˣ
ȵĿ⣬Կͬ߿գѰҶȵڣͬʱУҲȣҶȴʱⲻ
ѰһʮߣȻûһˣӦҶȵڣɲǼ䣬һüͷٴУΪǶףҶȵȷǸ֡
Ϣͳˡ
ҶִҵҵλãƾǣĿˣʱֿ˵֮𣿡
˻һ׼ŭһߣĸɱ֮
㲻Ҫ𣿲ҪңԼҪûܵԼԸ֣ҵң
ಣ
ֻҶȵմһµҶȣƵ΢ЦƲһͫûһ˿һҲûκε
ֻͬһȻϢ꣬ŭһͨˣֳһ߼档
ƽǴﵽ˶޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣ豹棡


2020 ˭Һ
ǿߣ
ֻһ棬һһ΢Ķߵĸй٣ܵĳǳݺˮĲѵǿ߲е
ɲǣûһߣٴӵĿ⣬ס͸ͬԱǿĶ֡
ǿߣҪ֣֪ԷǺεȵĴڡ
ƣԼǿ֮硣
Ҷ£ߣͬһ߶ȣҪıԸңǺǣҾվǰҪԸң֣֮Уһˣκң˳֮ģΣ
ߣҶȾȻֱս顣
̫ˣ
еֳ߱Ĭеȴŭա
һ˳Щ΢΢ձͬӣȥҲʮ£ֵ׳꣬ȴ͸һĲɣ
ӵ
ԷҶ뵽ݣ֮Ķʮ죬յĵӵ
λʥΪʵ߽λʥ񣬱ƽܲˡ
յں֮ڶൺ֮УƵһͨӵȷǸ֣ڶൺ֮УʵȻǿ󣬵ɱ¾ִ֮ڣͬͨƵƽȴӵа˽λʥʵ
Ҷȣᣬһõɣ챾Ҫúýѵѵ㣡ӵһ뿪֮ǰ߶񣬿ǶϣӵܽҶȡ
ǿĵȴһĮԹۣƺӵһˮʯ֪Ҷȵǳ
ҿжŵıǮ
˵ʱʱ죬ӵȻﶯۣΪһɾ޴ĺһҶȵ

ϯҶ˫һһɷʱס
ٿ
ͻȻ֮Уһֻצ߽λʥµƣһźΣѸץҶȡ
ǽ֣ץסᣬҪҶء
𣡡
ģҶȲмֶΣſһ裬𣬶ʱӷ֮ӿΪһˣӭצ

צһץڷ֮ϣ÷࣬˳𣬶ʱյúϲֻವһӵǱɳյһͷûˣɵ𣺡⡢ʲô𣿡
Ҷȸ˫֣֮УȻҲʧˣСˣӵǼ棬ҵ½ǣ͵ˣΣ

Ϊ˱ҶȵѹӵұһӣеĹצʱΪʮɳĺɫУĽУٶצҲΪӰҶȡ
ߣȷʵǿ󣬼һӵʸ񣬳Ϊ֮ĵߡ
Ҷǰô
Щ߲Сһƴʵڳ˴ٶƣѹѹһߵ棡
Ҷ¶Цݣӵʩչ֮ںԪ֮УһצʱΪӰӰڸ߿ζȥ٣ΧӵΧ
ݣ
ӵ׷Ӱһ͹űɱ֮ƣǴĹȴûҶȵ
˵ٶȣ̫ˣ
ٶȫѹӵ֮ϣν֣ӵûϣˣ
Χ߶ȫӦ͸ҶʵǷ֣ӦԸҶȵٶȡ
ҶֲֵܹϴΣ԰ʻˣץһǧͷȻֶβص̫ˣ
֮УΨ繫һֱûȥӦҶչֵٶȣףΪҶЩòܵ顣
ӵҿ˰ɣĹȻ޷׷ңȥͽ޹ˣȡ裡
ӰУҶȵЦ
ӵɵͣ¹ȷȥԴߣ¼һˣٶǱȲ㣬ʵηηβʲôбһս

ĿһۣȻҶȵϣصЦݣеǻ᣿Ҳԣӵܴߣҹһսˣ֮ľΪˣóƵǴãΣ
⡭
֮ģ
ӵȻǸ֪֮˾Ҳʵںֻ֮еȣĸҴߣ
ಣ
ͻȻŷֶ̾ӵߣȥϢһһҶֶΣ
ŷĪҪߣ
һǿߣӵʵǿһﵽ˽λʥƽʵ£ҶȻƽʵ
кεºܣֻһͨŷϵĻص
úãߣᣬһһ̵壬ҽ֣ⲻңҶк壿
ҶȵڷȻʾ⣬ͬŷ֡

ŷʩչԽӵٶȣұһӣһƬضȻͬ꣬Ҷϯڽ󷽣ϼӿ콣Ĺٶȡ
ಣ
ǽոչҶȱʩչӽ֮˸ͬʱŷҲ뵽һ㣬ִལ꣬ȻγһȦռ䡣
֣ͨǶó˴ͨ
ǽҲǽǾͿ˭˽
Էʵȷǿ󣬵Ҷɴݲȣ˫һΧӿ޽ΧռԹ
䣡
һʱ䣬޽໥ÿһιγıըƬ߿գǾˡˡ
УƬ޽ͣ˭Ҳ޷ռƣﵽһ״̬
Ҳ˵ҶȵʵӦþŷ࣬ͬȸ߶ȣҲ޷ﵽ״̬
ҶֵܣĴʵǻɳ֮УΪǿһߣ磡
˭Ҳ벻ڶ߰неһУ繫ӣһֲģ߸Ҷȡ
磿
ڽ֮еҶȣɵ⣬֮УǸ۵ˡ
֮УʵǿģҲΪߵģ߽λʥʵʥ۷壬ǵһͳ֮ĵϣ˾Ǻ֮ĵƿߣҪģ˲öԸ
ҪɣֻҪ罻֣ڲ֮أЩ߾޼ƿʩ˰ɣʱʵһʱ䣡
Ҷò繫Ӳõģа罻֡
Ȼŷְ֮ҲδֳŷͻȻֹͣΪȺ֮Уɳһݵˡ
磡
˵ģ˸оӦôﵽѮ䣬Ȼò޷жһʥ䣬ֲɣƣȴһֳо˵ľǿơ
ӵҲ½֣
Ҷȵת磬ͬʱŷ棬뿪˰գҶǺ֮ģϵǿߣǳ֣ɴ֮ģ
ŵĵȻмʵҲܴߣˣǻջزþƵ¹ڴ֮ͥУ
Ҳգ
Ȼ֮Щߣس˴ҲԸҶЩ뷨ȴ״Ӧˡ
֮ģҪ֮ʲôǰǿ磬ҶĿ꣬Ȼô֮еĿģҲɣԶӦ飬и
ۿ˫Ҫ֣繫ӰдҶСģ磬ּΣµͨһ˿Դӵ˹֮УնԷͨͨǿȣһͨûжвԣ


2021 
ͨ
Ҷȵһ벻ǰ磬˱¡
ʱ治ѣǴȻ֮У˶ԸӦΪһӣȻƿ
ɽȭ
統һֱӳˡ
ֻͬһǣٶ֮죬ȻŷɲǼ䣬ҶǰұſһȭҶȡ
ಣ
ٶȣҶȻһΣǽΪ߶֮ںߡ
羪˹£ʱǰһڵĿռ䣬Ȼȭͷóһţ״̬
ﵽ£ͨչֳĻ档
һж˵̫ǿˣҲһǰ㡣
ȷǺ֮֮УǿһʵʱҲ࣬Ҳ߳ƽһʵҲӽʥ۷壡
ҶһԣһɱתʱһڰһȭͷҲҶǰɱƶ
ٶԽԽ죬ȭͷҲԽԽҶһξȻûܵס
ʲô
߶󲻽⣬磬ҲܳԾ
䣡
Ҷһֱ̤ӻӶұۣͬһȭ˽λеǱʵﵽ˽λʥ߶ȡ
ԭҶҪ磬һսֵԸֵ
ԲѣٶȵȷˣǱʵ̫ˣⲻСҶȣݺˮӵеš
ȭͷƿռ䡣

˫ȭײŷµʥƣΪһ籩ʱɢϯأȻȴΪ𺳵ؿҶȣΪԷȻֵסȭͷ
һĻҲߣǲţ벻ҶȳٶȣʵҲ˵İԵ
ߣΪҵʵ̫Сˮ̫С֮ģЩߣͨɱΪλߣأ
˫üһᣬȻһɾڣֱӴұۣΪ˵ƣͨȭͷһǳɣҶȵȭͷ֮ϡ

һ£Ҷȱˣ˺ǧף΢΢ұЩľȫҲЩʹ
ǿȻǿʵȷǴﵽ˾Žλʥʴͬȸ߶ȣֲú֮ˮô꣬һֱ̤룬ΪӵǿߣҲһˣǴǿߣ
ҶȴʱǿʵԽ˰˽λʥ˾ŽλʥһʵȻﲻʥ۷壬ҲԽ󲿷ֵʥ
ǿߣ˵ˮ򣬾ȥκεʥأǳһĴڡ
ã
ҶѹƵߣڿʼ׷׽кá
ɽȭ
ϰֻɱҶȣҶƺˣɲЩһȭµȭͷ
ҲҶȴʱӦʩչٶƣõİ취ҲΨһѡߵĹ۵㣬綼Ҷȣٶ
ǣǶˡ
Ϊһ̣ҶѾʼ壬Ըоȼա
˽λʥʵٲȻĶ֣ʵһﵽŽλʥǾͲһˣ
ȭͷϮ˲֪ҶοʱҶͻȻ̧ͷȭͷ
һʧܣ㻹еڶʧܵãҾû
УҶȵķִ࣬ﵽ۷壬һȭͷǴڵɱ
Ҷֵܡ
繫ҲˣóһȭҪҶȣΧߣĸͲҶȱնɱ

Ŀ֮£ȭͷһײһ𣬶ƣȻ֮ǰӿֲΧ߶Ϻˣǿߣ֮У󲿷ܵش
ȻҶȴԭزȭͷһﵽͬһ߶ȣ
֪֣ﵽŽλʥʵ£߶ٶȡֻͨﵽεȵزҶŵһЦڸܵǿʥҲ̾յ壬һǿĴڡ
㣡
벻ҶȵʵȻô࣬濹⣬һ
ջȭͷһָɱ
һָɲǣָӿһǿΪһ
ʥǹƣ
ȻҶȻһץ˳ƴʥǹ˳Ѹ֮ƣӭͷ
䣡
˫ұըùʥǹҲ̫ࡣ
ôܣҶȣԽԽͣ
ǰ벻ʵǿ󣬹ֲÿնɱƽܣ
ΧЩߣʱƵ˺ףҲ׿Ϊ˽ֲƣҲﵽ˰˽λʥ߶ȡ
žŻƣ
緢ԼѹƲҶȣȻִ߶ͨ˫һ֣ΧӿȼյĻƣγɾŴ󣬿ʼҶȡ
ŴﵽѭϢ磬ǺֶΣ߶ȵͨ
˲𣬴߶ʥǹһǹһǹоŹɻƷ
ʥǹûƷܵӰ죬鷽󣬵Ǻܿ죬ֿʼָһδβҶȹ
ͨͨѾ޷ƽɻƷ
򣡡
ͨͨ
Ҷӡ˲ζĴ˫㣬ҶΪģʼƣƷӭûƷ󲻶飬ƷȻٴᣬٶȣ˫㣬δɹᣬһδα˫ɢ
ʲôͨôһ֣ɢƣ
չΧߣ
һδοƻƷٶȶ˫㣬ͻȻһǰδеţವһ£˫Ϸ
ʼϽӡȻһɾ˵ĻƣΪһУ͸һɻʼմ˫
綯ˣƿصͨ
ƳֶΣҶȲżͨ˫㣬Ҫͨжô
ʱֿʼӡֻӻϷʼӿһ˫㣬Ȼƣ˫㹥ȥ
ŶȻǲҵͨӶתһĹͨһͬͨȻԻһͨ
㿴ͨǲ̶ֳȣҶˣֻǺʩչΪ̫ͨʱ䣬ҪͣӡֻߣҲ˵ǸӲ˼飬֪Խٱ
Ҳһͨ
磬ҵͨΣ
ȻҶȷˡ
߶֮С
ʱеĴ˫㣬ӵƵĻסԼΪ˫ɻᱻգá
ͻȻ֣޷մ˫㣬һ˫㣬ʼջʹƶ޷ƣǴ˫̫࣬ҲΪԽĻ
ͨͨ
繫ӿ۾ûգһ¡
ͬΧÿһߣоҶȴͨԽ֮ϣҶȵʵٶȡͨѾﵽ޷Կĸ߶ȡ
ۣ
缫Ҫѹƴ˫㣬˫ޱһ
˫ͨѹ𣿶ҶȵʵҲﵽ˾Žλʥ񣬴ͬʵ£ҶȵͨƣȻ
գ˫˻˫㣬ҲѸײڶ֮ƣ塣
۳һѪ֮ͷɢͬ˷һһץоȻһ񽣡
һﵽ񽣣
Žλʥ񽣣ֶΡ
ܸᣡ
Ҷ̴߶ٶơ
ͣ
֣գۣͳ󷽣һޱȵƣұۡ
ˣոջ񷨱磬δչֿµĹͰҶȵٶ֮£һ忪ʼ


2022 ׼
ٶ̫ˣȫԽ磬ǰһ̣Ҷȵ޽Ѵұۡ

ͻȻ쳤Хһͬɽӿһơ
ͣ
ȻҶȵ޽Ƴ⡣
̶ˣ磬ҵҪô죿˺ףҶֳ޽δеκ⣬ѱƵñپ
ҶȣΪǿ󣿡
Χɱ¾֮ȵǿߣ޷Լ˫ۣһĻĻ̫ʵԸŶǼٵġ
Ҽ˿ڣڲϵðѪݣһ۶ȾȺ죬ץס񽣣˫ͫðѪ⣬Ȼ󱬷âӶ񽣣ʱһ⣬ϰٵ֮࣬ʱҶȡ
һ񷨱Žλʥʵӽʥ۷壬ǿ£ҶȾȻûѡܣǴһץʩչֻͨ
ֻľϵֻΪһơ

ֻؾƺһ֮ϣһصķȻһ𿪡
ĽȻˣֻؾƲϵ𿪣һĻ޷ţ˲仯Ϊ裬ֻؾơ
ͻͻ
񷨱ȫʩչһֻؾ֮ϣƱˣֲ񷨱
ҪҶȳʱҶȲˣƺʶʲô˫üۣոʩչо󱳴˺Ѱľʹ
ͣ
һĺ󱳣ƾڼӲǿҶȴ߶壬ﵽŽλʥ״̬£ҲҪһ顣
Ҷȸں󷽣磬²Σ䣬ôҿɲ㺣֮ĵߣ
ããã
ٲģҲҶȵĶ֣񷨱ľתӪıӰǿ̣ơ
Ҷ漴ߣǶǰںߡʱÿ˶ɵ֣˭Ҫģ
߶ʱĬˣǱȻڰнʲô
ڽһУҶȶߣ
λҶ̫ǿˣռƣʵС˴ˣ벻ʵ֮ǿǵʱίߣ
ֲʾһʱ䣬ⲻ˶ãʱ뵽Ըİ취֮أ
ԣνúǰֶĶֲ֣ܲݣһͬΧ֣
Ǽ̫ˣмֱ£ĿˣôĶ֪
һߣɱ¾֮ŷ໥ûһԸҶǿУһģҪ
ʰң̤ʥ񾳽磬һȫѹ
߲ϽҶʵҲЩģ׼һ֣ͬڵʵ޷Ըôˡ
ǵùŪ飬޷ϤϸԼ뷨Լη壬һʱ䡣
繫Ҳʱˣĺģ׷װи֪ҶȣһδζҶҪСˡ
ɱ¾֮ͻȻ֮߳˽ҶȱȭҶͨˣ˵㻰ƵӴ˻ع麣֮ģȻһˣ
Ͷұһˣһ˲˵һ¾ȸһ
Ҷȱȭʧڰա
λǶ֪Ҷȵ˺ʵǳ֣Ϊǳѵ濹ⲻɣ
ҶʧһһѹеĴʯͷҲʧˡ
ٴΰټɽۻʱſϷɣڵƵʱḲ𣡡
繫Ҳڣˣҷ嵺ͱ٣ҺúǼɵǺ֮ĵʵ
ˣ֣ϴη嵺ͻϮʲôԭ򣿡
ԼǳĻˣǲŶԷ嵺б
ȻȥúüƻԸҶȵϸ취
һɫѿһŸǿߣƺƵ뿪Ⱥ
Ƶ
Ҳֵĵ죬ûһˡ

һ֮Уɳʮˣֱ̤Ƶһֱںеĵūˡ
Ҷ뵺ۣҶȵͿʼж֪ǽҪһս
ϸƻ֮ҶȾþ˲μӣñ¶ݣǽձԴС
ƻȻٲ˵ū
һɱȻǿĺ𣬴ӴҶȣֵܵĵˣһۣˮ㡭ʱҲǡãޣҲֻʣʮ꣬ɱ֮󣬱뿪֮ģֵҺΣҴɽع磬ˮԸֵܣ󶴸۶Լâˮ򷭸飬ɱһƬѪӣҲҪҵ纣
߬߬ȭͷŵūƵϿա
Ƶպôһ֧֮Уһػͬ嵺߶ӵĺˮΪ
ٿ
Ҷ뵶ūͬʱʼӡ
ūӡ֮󣬻аѪ棬ҶȽӡ֮ƵĽ磬ϵ󣬲ںѪˮ򣬿ʼںϣγһ̺ˮ硣
粻죬ʮ죬Ƶֱﵽ幫ûˮҲﵽס
ֻҪڵӣһΣҶȿɲ˹ƽɱҪūʩչ̫ħزڤ׵
ūʵֻﵽʥ񣬴߶޷̫ں̫ħزڤ׵ūʵͿֲˣʱҶȰ˽λʥͷҲҪ
ҶڴһĻкȻҶȾͿɱɱ٣һҪֵԼ֮ģҪסĴڡ
磬ҲҶȵʵںϵūͨγһκ˶޷Ƶ
㼸ɽ磬ҶõūڵܷͷϢػڵȻ䡣
ײ
ո̤̫ҵҶץʱ䣬ʼ׿ܡ
Ľ棬ҶȼϵūЩƵȻʱҪ޳ԺԲ㣬ﵽ߽λʥĽ׿ܣԸ˼ְա
ҶȾѽ׿ܵʵλʥ߶ȣҺھ䲻õʱ䣬ҪģǾѽ׿ܣǿĸ߶ȡ
Ϊܰѽ׿λʥʵʵѣѾڣҪƴ׿ףÿһ׿ܶﵽߵĸ߶ȡ
ʱ䲻ʧھ֮ڣѹȥꡣ
ֻٶ׿ܣƯ̫ҵ֮Уֱһ֧ս޲ʤľӡ
ֻһʱ䣬׿ܣÿһӵλʥʵ
ˣ
Ϣڼ䣬ϻָȻӦʲôŽ׿뿪䡣
н׿ܷ׷Ǳһ֮УݷȴҶȴʱ߿գһӡһ֮ͨУ˿ٷ
λһͬжɣ
˸ͣ²㼱ȵ⡣
βͬǰ磬ǿڰУ͵ϮնɱһβУö֮ɱȻҲǿߣһѪս
ҲҪ鷳ӦĪҪǿνɽڲûգ
һעģϽ뿪֮ǰѷмͷϢǻΧˮǻȷҵݣ
֪ҶʵѴﵽǷ켫ĵزǲ룬ǸҶ˺ȣ֮ǰǧ㲻ԸƵ


2023 ǿǿ
Ƶ
ųȴм˫аĿ⣬ˮᴩþƵһһ
Լһ֮֮³һƬѹѹĺӰ·һɽƶǴɽһͷͷ
ԼĪͷγɺںˮпٷɹ
ҶȣƵµϣ˻ڵϣ
ˣʮͷκ
ʡΪףһʥǿߵĺԭǸ߽λʥ񣬶ΧʮͷΪĽλλʥ֮䡣
槴ɱڵĿ⣬ӳںˮ֮еˮɽ塣
Ƭɽ壬ϷƵ
ֵܣΧƵʮʥ
ಣ
ֿɰ˹ɶ飬нͷ󲿷ֶ񣬸߲١
ж죬䣬˹ɺʹˮ£ΧƵ
槴磡
ʼǹ槷ɳˮ棬ˮǰƵʮƯˮ档
мϢһʮޣʵҪԸҶȣ
ֻ˫ͫһȦ⣬ƵһۣȻ֪úǣξͲκλᣬ뺣󣡡
磬ֵܵģ
οģҪץסҶȡ
ŭɶ߳ɨһƵ˲俪ʼӡӣʼ΢΢ӿͻȻһ׸ߵˮˣʿ£ͬգ嵺һˮڣƵ
֪ͨҹ֣ˣ벻ǿߣǿֵߵţ
֮⣡
ɱ¾֮ŷֳƺһֱڹעƵںֳ󲻾ãǾ͵һʱ
ˮˣƵ龰˴ϲæ
֮һ߶ʱԼ繫ӵȵȣǸոյδڣһΪüˮˣӿƶ£Ƶһ졣
䣡
ˮ˱ȺˮҪͣڵϣʱеֲɽʯͳͳƶǱˮ˲ߣǳķѣһ춼ˣ˲䱻ûƵһִ·ˮ沨
ããİ
ǰҶȻŵǲ֪ҶǲɢƵǿߣƺҪƴ̫͹ʵˮ꣬һֱܺķâһˣֱѰ·
ʵǿô
һߣȻĮһЦȫڿ֣û뵽ǵĵˣҶȣǺ
Ϊôһ˽վںһ
УΪĲ繫ӣ쳣ҶȵİȫͨҶһΪѾȫţҶ֮ض
ܿߣҲһͬȴҶںС

ƵƲˣﻹеӰӣеֻȵĺˮɢˮʼˡ
𣿲ɣ
𽥣һͺͺĵ죬ˮ֮Уʺ˫üһץǼԺԲ֡
Ļ׾ͱնɱ㿴
Եú򶨣صһЦһָں֮Ⱥգֳһ
֮ҶԼūܷ
С̫Ӳ˰ɣ
ҶȻţЩЦݣϣҶȻţһߣȴʧ޲Ҷʣ
Сӣ˵ֻҪˮ޴ҵǣ˲䱬һХ漴ƵΧˮ棬ӿһͷͷƵΧһȦһͷͷ;޴ĺײе׼֡
ƣҶȴǸݣ侲һɨΧ߲ƣ߲ôĺã٣ҶȾҪɱ٣ҪͬʱŽλ񣡡
ʣôˣûҴ£ôϷҶȵڼӵĳЦ
Ǳף侲δȥҶȵϻϴνˣһαʾԲŹ㣬ɱ
һӣкɱƵ槲һˮ磬𶯣ͻȻƵ
Ǵﵽʥ۷ʵĸ֣̼ʩչ磬졣
ಣ
ܷʱ
ū߿գϷˮ磬δƽ磬ӿһɹаơ

ͷڳɱ
ޣҪԶ٣ͳԶ٣סҪѴһԵҶȣҲʼж
ȻͻȻŲ죬淢𣡡
ˣ
Ƶ֮⣬֮£ͻȻһ硣
׼ʵ˴𣿡
槲δе⣬ȻʼӡֻǸոմӡоͻȻһ˺ľʹ
ͬʱҲ֣ͷٶҲ󲿷ֶԭأ޴ļеĺʹֱС
ʱҲѣ槴磬ô£һаȻӿ·ʲô˺ҵ
֪
槻شܸɴ࣬ȷ֪Ϊλᷢ£ΪǿߣʣѹϢ
ˣôͻȻͣ
֮⡣
֮ߣԭǿڴţɱƵȻҶȱѹնɱǺȻƺʲô޷͵Ĺ¡
Ϊǿ磬˵˵СҶȣ槡ǿߣҲСҶȣ
ಣ
кѹڹа֮ʣͻȻϿգӿٺϢӰ
һ𣺡찡ٴﵽʥ߽λʵĿܣ
ҲԾѣٴﵽ߽λʥĿܣѾࣺⲻֶΣʵǿƸ߽λʥܣ޷֮ʣ㲻Ҷȵı󣬼пܣһ𣬴ﵽǿߣΪ޼ɵ
ҲЩܣͽ
ţʩչӡڲˮ磬ͻȻøӼ̣һСһסҶ뵶ūڵ뵺졣
Ȼٽ׿ɱ˳ˮ磬һ͹Ҫƴﵽʥ۷ʵĽ磬Ȼס
ʣ槣
֮䣬ҶѳǰһǺڣҶԣ
ԲѣСӣҿкͣ
벻ҶȻҿڵľʹȻһͬӶԲ֣Ҷиȥ

һʥǹԲ֮ϡ
ܣʵ
һУֻһУʷҶȵȻﵽµĵزԽ뵱Ҷȸܷס湥

͵ؿʼ·ӵĺˮ˲٣˫۲ţݺݵѹʥǹ
ū߶̫ħزڤף
֮Ҷ侲޷̫ΧЩҲڿʼ
ʡԼк״̬ԸǿҪԸ槣ԼôͲˡ
ಣ

ǰһ̣뵶ūнͻȻһԡ
ֱӾһȭҶȵķ֮ϡ
ʥ۷ͻȻ֣ҪնɱҶȵһС
ıըҶȸоѾڣ飬槵ľʱӿ
ۣ
벻һУһУҶȾˡ


2024 ֶξ
ûûҶȫǶְ
龪һΪҶȿԿʡ槣
ΧߣȫעҶʽֵĹ֮УǼҶȲ£Ǹо˼飬ҶʵҲ̫ǿˡ
槳֣һжѣͰҶˣǶ͵ЦͲҶȱ槲ڽ£޷

ʱ߶֮ҶȴʶԳ֮УһҲٶƣ뿪ƸǷΧ
槴磬벻Ҷȵʵ̶ʱ䣬˼ҵĶ֣ŶãꣿڴĹʵȻ֮࣡
ʲ麹вģҶȾӵ治ζ槳֣οҪԴ
ƳǰҶǱﴭϢͲЦʵѴﵽ˽λʥ񣬶ȴǰ˽λʥΪʵѴﵽŽλʥоѹ
ˡ
ͬʱ󷨵ĸߴ
ĵūȫһڰӣӿصģǺڰģû˫֮ͫУӿһŹͷ֪ǺεȵĴڡ
ˣֻҪںҵͿˣ
һ޵ӵū𣺡ҵͨպ
ãϿ֣ЩöԸū׵
ಣ
ͫͷͻȻһ㣬ſ죬µḷ́ӿ뵶ūڣʱūƣϱǣԽ˵ͽλʥ񣬶Ȼʹﵽ߽λʥ߶ȡ
ô£
ۿʣҪҶΧɱͻȻڱƵаΪֻƵģץǵķһӣ޷赲ƣϯȫ
໣
ΧкҲʹҽУֻ֮⣬ӿѪϢΪаϵͼڣ֪ʲô֮ͼ֮Уһͷſ쿪ʼѪ
ȻҵԪʾһ亹
槹ϵҲòȥҪﵽʥ۷壬ʣҪʹ࣬ѹСӣʲôѹҲѹ
ãʲţ˺ѾʹԼĪʧץסԲ֣槶ʱҶȡ
ū槵Ľ磬ý׿ɱޣҲԶˣ
ɱҶֻѡݱܷâǣõսġ
̫ħ֣֮
ˮϿգūͻȻ̧ͷ磬Χٽ׿ܲϹŽ磬ū˫ͫٴǹͷ
ͷĺȻΪһֻڰֱ֣Ӵӵū˫ͫʩչˮ磬ץȥ
̫ħزڤ׵ڳ֣ԵķһǴﵽ񼶱
ԣֻ¡һ̫ħ֮˲䣬Ϸˮץһٽ׿ɱ˽ʹĺչɱ
ͬʱ۵ޣں֮УͬſС죬ͷһײסһͷʼʳ
СҪȥ
һգҶȲܣҲҶȵļƻʵͷ֮ͻȻ⿪ӡ
״̬Ϊһͷɫĺһۼף㣬Ǵ̣һֻ⬡
ݣ
ΪʣʵһӵıԴһɹɺɫˮˣڵһſҶȡ
꣡
ɫˮ˻ҶΧռ䣬ȻʼʴռȻ
ʱҲӵһ
ͬʱһɫצҲ࣬ɨ

ұȻһƺȥצݺײһҶȸоֱ۶Ҫʧȥ֪Ƶģצһˣǿ槡
ԭצʲôǴұۣ۽һĹ壬ޱȡ
ԣҶһΣȻ濹ס槵һУ˵Ҫãסһ޷ȫҶȳ֡

Ȼ䣬槵һߣ˫۷һȭһȭǿצҶͻ
Ҷʩչٶƣæܣ槴ʱƣѾ̫࣬ӲӲֻһ
ʱƵΧɱһƬذΧŽ׿ɱȻ׿ܴﵽ߽λʥϾͨӡҺֽӵıԴγɾ˵Ĺ׿Ҳռ˱ˡ
֮ҲܵĥǲԼǰǿ󣬿òԣֻҪŲʹ࣬һʧӲͷƤҲҪ׿սȥ
벻ҶֶΡ
Χһ߿Ķ޷Ĵսݺˮ꣬δʶ
ֻһ࣬һҶȣȻˮİ֡
ʵ̫ǿˣҶֻܣ㿴һֱ潻֣Ǽɵ
Цʵǣһս֣Ҳ槵Ķ֣
λ߿ˣ࣬սǵĿֲ󣡡
˽һһЦ
ͨ壡
֮ʣҶݹ۴֣ȥҲԸ⣬槡ʶ̫ӣս̫ãһ֧Ԯ鷳ˡ
ֶİ֡
ͨ壡
ƵΧϷգҶֶ˿ŵðֱǴײ
򣡡
ɷ򣡡
ͨҶ֮⣬Ϣܿǣͬʱӡֵõϡ
ʱıˣΪһɴ
ڲеӵģǺģԿֲٶȣʼգеūϣ۶ܿƵϷ
ս֮еĺһʱ仹޷ֱ仯
ôǣϢʧ
ΪʣӣҶһɹɺɫˮȻ䣬ҲΪպˮԴԭһ㣬æ槣槴磬ӦûУƬռϢڼʧ
𣿡
һδιҶȣ׷ɱҶȵ槣ѾҶµ˺ΪһѹҶȣûע⵽Χ仯
ȷ
ֻգۣ槾͸ӦˣȻǰܵҶȣ̾ʣһˣ
槴磬ǶԲסҶȽʱûЩֶͨΣֻٶƣ̣
ˣ˶Լѹ׵ֶΣҲ⣬ϹٿʵڲУҲҪֶΣٴˣǾ鷳ˣ
̫ˣ
ٶȣĺˮ
ˮ¾
ֱһ󣬳һ͸񵶣ʮɡ

ǰܹҶȣͻȻоһɱȻͷһ˫üе񵶣һѺõ
ѵ治ܵõԺҪУֱĵߣˣ
õҶȺȻ뵽ն졣
ڵɽԪ񵶣Ȼǲģֻɽ磬磬Ԫ񵶾ΪͨҶһ½磬ҲҪΪ׼Լȵȣˮ¾͸նġ
ٿ
֮ʣҶ̫ˡ
槱ʵˣڼˮ¾ʵжǿ
Ȼ䣬ˮ¾һ£槻ӳҶȶȻҶȼʱƱֱӰɰףһѪ


2025 ͬ
õ
ĨĨǣԼѪҶȴ¶ϲЦݣ槣ˮ¾һҵϣ
𣿡
槶ʱӶұۣˮ¾ǰֻظ棺ˮ¾Ľλ񷨱ԶǿĹ汾ݺˮ꣬Ҳ̤ıȱҲӵУ
ûʸԺ֪ġ
񵤣Լɺӣϻָƣüͷһһ͸ĵ
ߣ
ٶ̫죬ӿֻ֮ˮ¾ӺǿʵѾ޷Լ㣬˭Ҷ֮У֮⣬ΨһߣĿǰΨһġ

ˮ¾ϵ˳ƾҶȡ

󷽣ʼ׷ϣҶȣò⡣
ҲֻЦˣͼҶȣûѪҲûκײҶͬӰһ顣
Ǻεʾѡ
ܣܣٶپˣҵĵ棬Ҳ޷ӹγɵ֮
ץס槣üͷʻҪеţһٶﵽʥ۷壬ϴһ޷ҶȣȴҲԶҶˣڣҶȾȻƾʧ
ʵڲ˼顣
ѵǿռͨ
ˮߣȻתͼҶƯڰ֮⡣

ʯһԭʧӶˮ¾һΣǼ򵥵ĵʽǱͬ°۵ĵâ
ͻͻͻ
µâ֮ҶڵĿռ䣬׵Ŀռ䣬Ȼȫâ˲串ǣŵϢǶĿ⡣
̫ˣ槱Ǻ֮ĵߣʵҪǿһ֣
ҶҲ򵥣ʵ£ܴΪģʵ벻ͨ벻ͨ
ԭΪʰƵ׾٣ڿҶϣҲռ˶ٱˣ
ΧߣƵսһĻĻϸϸ˶̾ѣʱƺҶǵĹС
槴磬Сģ
槴߶ˮ¾ͨȻƿذ׿ռ䣬Ȼ֪Ҷڣڴʱ
ͻȻһƬˮ槺

һײҶȴһЩˮҪʴķȴױҶɡ
ռͨ벻槣Ҳʶͨ
槿ˮ¾ٱһ֮ʥ۷Ӷˮ¾һΣˮ¾Ҷʱ˫浶棬Ȼӿ۵⡣
ˮ¾Ȼ
ֻǽӴˮ¾ͷŵ⣬ҶȾ͸оȫǰãã⣬ͬʱ˷һ͸İɫ硣
Ȼˮ¾ӵемϰ˫ۿ͸ӦͲС
䣡
ΧֱֲˮµâҶȼʱ߶ߣͬռ䣬ռһƶʧ
һ槵ƣˣͨԳЧ
һռ䣬ͨν֣ҶѸӦ槵ʵѱ֮ǰһ֣ԣаա
ҲͬʱΧսȻ״̬׿ɱĲɿκһҲ޷ռƣΨޣʮͷڼԸ
յѾﵽǳ˵ĸ߶ȣģҲԵõ䣬Ҫ槣
Ҷִ槹֮УܶȥҪʼ槡ʳ֡
뵶ūͨصתƵϣϣɱ˫
ūʼתЧҲ˳ֻΧЩͻȻøǣһʵо˱仯
֮

槣ͬʱҽУƤһγصѪɫͼڡ
ū̫ħزڤ׵ʵҲﵽʥ߽λȫ߶ԸʣȻֱܵ
£ҶȻˣ֪жֲʾǽղ֮Ҳܲסʹࡣ

Ҷԭʧ

ת˲ץס޽Ϸ槲ǽӽʥ۷ĴڣʱӦǿӶˮ¾޽ײһ

Ҷȵ߶ٶƣΧϴ̳޽˹槶ԲˣҪڵҪҶȹæòɿ
ʣʵ槣ĻֳܷԸҶȣһʹѹȥæҲ
ͣ
ͻȻһ޽槵Ҽ磬һѪĽۡ

槷ŭˣҶȾȻ˵޷ģӶˮ¾Ƶ׷Ҷһһ
ʵ벻Ҷǿ槶޷Ը
֡ŷ֣ҶȽ֣ҶһֱʵհҪǵʱǶɱģԿģǣ
⿴һֱð麹
Ҷȵǿ󣬺Ŀ࣬ŷǶҶȽ֣ڼҶʵв֪ʲôζ
ע⵽û槡Щƺ޷ƽʱӵȻƣսǰƵƣ·һʧ
ͻȻ䣬һߣһۣЩʿɷǡ
֮Щ֮УȻеˣӵвһͨ
ȷˣ
֮ͷŸӦƵϢ仯㡣
Ҳ֪ҶȵֶΣ槡ʵֶΣʲôĿģ
ΪҶȵֶΣϾһƵ壬Ȼӵмﵽ߽λʥʵĿܣЩܣԸǣ
ǿ϶Ķ֣

ɶ񡭡
Ƶ֮ڡ
ѾԵܻҶһ׷ʹһЧûУڵԽǿҡ
槴磬ɱҪץģܰ
ںǱظ
ã
ͻȻͣ˫һ֣һӡʱͷŶ

ս֮еĺ׷׼һ𣬴߶һ
Ҫʲô
ҶȺ濴һͷͷ֪ҪʲôҲ΢΢ӦʣҪ߶ѹ׵
ͬ壡
ԼʣкͻȻͬķӡ
ڵںӿ˵Ҳǡ
Ȼ󣬲˼һĻˡ
槻վ˵˫Ŀһһ
ã
һĻҶѸܵ槵ʵȻʥ񣬶һӣ̫ǿˣý׿ܡܷԼޡūͳͳ뿪Ҳ߶ѹ塣
ӵа˽λʥʵҶȣҲߣʵﵽ˾Žλʥٵ˺
ӣ
˵ʱʱ죬槻Ӷ˫ۣʱΧӿӰͬ壬𣡡
ұһģƻӳһֲӡһƿնȥ
ˣǧͼ
ҶʩչֶΣ壬һֱδʩչĴǧͼ
䣡
޴ӡӰնҶڰգһжӡž飬ңӡ·һ֮ϡ
Ȼ飬Ϊ
Ǻεȵƻ
ǺҶˣƵҲҪʧں֮ģ
Χߣһ죬һںһӡൺ쿪ʼը


2026 ҶȰ
˷槵ĹϻƵһ죬ʱʹ嵺˼֮ࡣ
һʣͿԻ嵺ֵȻֹһʣ
һ槣׾ٿԻƵ֮УȻкܶǿߡ
ˮ֮УΪǺԭ
Ϊ˺ͷţ
ˮ¾ѰҶȵӰӣҶȲܣ׾Щ֮£ͬʱ˺Ѿʹ
벻ֶΡ
ŻƲڣҶ߶£ʵﵽŽλʥִ߶ǧͼܹ槹Χ̫ˣҶһδڿռ䴩Уܵ𶯡
֪³Ѫ
ѸӦʣ߶һŽŽʮкܼϣһʵԶԶ˾Žλʥ񣬴ﵽ۷壬ʥ񾳽۷壬ֻһ֮
ʵƲϱŽʵһ׶Ρ
ζţҶȲսͷ֣
ԸΥ벻ʣֶΣҪЩˣһδ߷壬ﵽĴҲ޷ԽҲûаսնɱ
ƵϻΪҶҲʵ޷⣬̫׼ԵƵ
ֻһѡ񣬼ʱ룡
ҪߣҲҪú֪Ҷȵʣϴɱ㣬ζҪɱ㣡
֮ǰҶȾʡ
ʵ槣̫Զǰ˽λʥʵŽλҶ״̬ǾŽλʥնɱʣ⡣
㻹û
Ƶʧ
ʣһǳӣҶ󷨣׷ױ飬ȫֵ槿
槼ҶƯ֣ٻһ˿⡣
ˮ¾
ܣҶȻᣬһ࣬Ϸˮ˫ֽסˮ¾Ȼ͵̤һ˫һӣˮ¾һ£ն

ˮ¾նԼΪһ۵¹⵶âףҶȡ
£̫ˣ
ΧЩߣâҲ׶Ժ־壬ѾԽļޡ
ಣ
Ҷȼʱ߶ǧͼܾ޴ĵâΪâٶȿ죬޴ܵһˣǾ£ֵ˲ᣬʵҲﵽŽλʥǿ֧ס
䣡
â󲿷յƵˮ棬ʱ״ըƻֱϯ˷ɢ

գӳˮ¾οɲһһһǺ׵ˮգȫܼĵâһͬըʱ޴ռ䶼ڲ
ʥԳܡͷŵ
ڱըռҶȣһܱըһ߶£ⱬըƣͷһΣᵽԽʥҲǵһص֮С
ˡ
ڹ֮еҶȣʵΪԺǾ㲻Ҳɱϧ벻ҶߣһԴ
ಣ
߶ߣȻ󶯵Ŀռ䣬ɿԼԦȻںϴǧͼʹϢڿռ䶯ռд
ңȫϢ槣Ӧ
ֻ
ƹ槣󷽣𽥿ѾûεʣǾãҶȲܻˡ
ͬʱ槷ŭأһδλӶˮ¾·ڷйڵԹ֮ǰҶ衣
ըռһӣγɵˮˣɢ˷ΧߣҲ˺֮⡣
ͬʱ֮ĵ죬ʿӦɻƱں֮γһɿµˮ籩
ʿ𺳷ɳƵ֣ǻδ̤Ƶˮ򣬾ŵòǰһ£ƵĻڣǳԽʥĻ磬ڲĺˮڶ
ԽԽ࣬ܿʹﵽˣһӡ
ˣ
֪һͷ޴ľԶһˮ渡ھɲǣ޾ֶƵһ̾ô֣Ƶﵽһλĸ߶ȣƬˮ򶼴ڻ֮УҶСѵϢĪ֣
ģǣһӵеģ˵񣬾ʥЩҲˮӣֻ񣬲ܸа壬ҶСѵʵֵõͻͽ
شʱ˿̣ӦǰҲעһĻĻɣ
޾˺һ֮С
ơ˻ϯƵ
ȻڲϹģҪｫҶնɱԲϹҶ
󷽵ʣڿڵ
ͻȻ䣬һֻд֣͵һץ

дͻأ֣ԳԽʵץסˣʸӦʱ޷ֻܾ跢һУƺϣ槸Ͽ
ȷע⣬ǵתʱպüʲӰʧԼʧС
䣡
ɲǣ槾һʧİգռ䱬͵ɢ׿ռ䣬ֻϧ˶Ŀռ䣬ûκ쳣֮
ʾƾյʧ֪
֨
˫ȭһ߬ȻҶƤߣңشʣԣֱܴ裡
ڰ֮ʿԼ֮ߣ֪˺£ΪҶѾڻռ֮С
ǣĻ֮УȴҶأЦ槣ƵôҾʹˣ֮ҶȻȡͷ­
û
Ȼû
ҶȵϤѣЩˣ֮һģ·ͬľͷˣû˿֪
û槵£ܴʣȻƵҲں֮£ʤһȻҶȣҲʤ
ʿҲ֪ȥĸסҶȶ֣ⱲӣǶ޷ǣи࣬ˮȻ֡
ߣ
֪Ҷȵٶƣ׷Ҷȣ֮£ˮ¾ʣµٶͷ뿪û붯֮С
Ƶˣʮ·ƾһĻһӰӣǽʯҲһ顣
޾߿֮С
Ҷ뵶ū׿ܡܷ·뿪ⳡսղδҶȼƻ˳طչȥ벻Ҳ˾˵Ľͨգ槶ûȡʤ
Ƶˣʧں֮ʷ֮УȻҶֻǵõʮߺʬ壬Լһͷʰˡ
ˣˣҶû˿£ֶβ϶ŹЩˣϾ̣ûһ֮ǰʱ䣬Ҳɱ
˵ĲҲҪϻȥϼƶԸҶȵķӣһսûǧ޷ָģǵʱ䣬ҳһɱķӣ
Ĩ
֮ߣƺƵʧûκζݣϱ鶼һģǾǿֻ벻
ΪҶ̫ǿˣձ
繫Ӱаߵ뷨һһҶȣҹҶȵƣ֪ҶȲδ󰭣㰲ȥ
ΧΧ۵ʿһֱˮ򣬵ȴ֮ڲĶ𽥻ָƽΧȥ֡
ϾƵ֮ģͻȻ𣬶ҲвᣬҲҪҶսĵط겻Ĵ¡


2027 Žλ
ūԳǣ
ͷūԳ⡣
ֻ槴ٶͷ֮ǰ뿪ƣڻͷ棬Ǳػ
ūԳǣͫǲкɢȥߵĹǰһ󣬾һŮū빬
ڹ֮ϣֻڽǵӣϷ
ͨ
槼ͨһڴ֮УͷʣûãûץסǸ࣬Ҳ֣֮
㻹ʲô
ڽɭɭһ䡣
¡
Ȼ˺ڽ⻰˼ŵòĵ֪ʣʸһᣬǸ࣬ǿ߰Ѿץ
㻹Ʊ磿
ڽ䲻Ц̣˻㱨һãôֵܲ˵ʱ˻ץߣʷϣĳ裬ж֤࣬ܣ
ܣٸһᣡ槲Üһµ³
ãҾ͸һᣡ
֪ڽˬӦˣҹţǸ࣬ռ˱ˣ뿪֮ģǺ֮ĵߣйϵȻں֮ĳ֮УھȥңһңҲβûˣ
лʣлʣ
槼æ뿪˹
ֻʣºڽӣ°ͣͫ˸һЦ֮ĵ죬Ҳˮܶˣһֱֵγɶ֮ƣλ£Ҫˣǵ֪֮һжϴƣ
׷ң
磬֪ôżʲô£
֪֮鲻Сɣ
ƻӷּ߳СǰʥĹ
˽빬峤Ϸ·мߣ˵λʩ
ոյõϢ֪֮󣬶ţ峤ö¡
ӷһƬ̾˺ܶ࣬Ȼû뵽ʲô
峤ǰһ̣֮ķһ䶯ˮĴ¼Ǻ֮ĶδйĴ£ܿҲɢ
εȴ£
ӰȻͬ죬ӷĿǿڴţһԵƻҲӿ
ƽܱɱˣˮҲˣ
ĺãĺãˣ޶ҲˣȷǴ¼һ֮ĸֻᷢ仯ɣ
Ϊ˵ĲǶ֮һƽܣһˮֻˮйעӰ޷
״ˣʲôѽ
ƻܰͲסȦӡ
ӷǸһ㵣ˣȷԺ֮ģкܴӰ죬Ӱ쵽ܣǶˮߣУֻȥˮ򣬱ѵСˡ
峤ǰƵҲˣڵǿߣʣŴƵǺ֮Ķ꣬δй¼Ƶں֮£иˣȻɱɱ˲ٺ˵Ҳɱˣ
ӷ󾪣£Ƶˣ槿ֵµǿߣһԼǸʣٴǵ̶ӣɱ˶ٵ࣡
ʲôƻܺ˫ۡ
ǶʶˣҶȣ

üͬʱһ𣬾һȻһţӷҡҡͷܣҶʵȻǿﲻʥһ߶ȣʣɶǸ߽λʥռӱԴʥ񣬶Ƕ֣
ǰΪҲţ㿴ۣΪҲۣҶֶ̫ˣһܣ槶ϳ˴Ƶ𣬵ҶȲоܣǱһǿߣں֧
ʵ񣿡
ӱϿǵģ֪ʲô֮ܵǽύһݲ˲ţҶȾǹʥأҲûжܱȰɣ
Ǽλʦֳ⣬ȷû˿ҶᲢۣǺҲòϣ޷Ҷȱȼ磡
ҲԷƱÿ˶ԼĳƣҲһֱ׷״̬£޷Աȵģ㻹ȥһ˺֮ģĹҶȣöȥҪʱ򣡡
ǣ׼һȻڱȻھϢҲָһЩźô
ӷվɴ𺳣޷ƽƻʩ֮뿪˹
̫ˣˣ㲻
¶Цݡ
֮ģһĺ֧硣
ɽϣ񸮾ƯţΧһ޴ľֻһˣ뵶ūС
ϷҶţͣպȻָơ
ͬʱھ֮Уϵʮͷʬ壬ǽ׿նɱģūռЩǸ߽λʥԼһΪӣҲкܳһʱˡ
ʮ䣬ͬʱҲźʬ岻ϻơ
⣬ȥ
ָˣ
˫ۣ͸䣬̫ҵ֮Уδһʱ䣬ȥƽЩ䣬ǻһץ
ಣ
һֻӡýʵʵʣֳһҶȣŵǿ޼¡
ҶȻȻЦһʣнûУµ꣬ˮ֮У׷ʹʱδн죿
˵ôϻȻϣҲˣȻڲ֮УԺǱʶĵжû˿Ҷ뷨
Ǻ࣬޷ĳޡ
治Ҷȷһ䡣
˭ţǱʿɲ룬һ࣬ҡβʹİɣ
ʹ죿һʹʣһ̫ˣҪһУӶ̤Žλ񣬲֮󣬻Ҫ̤ʥ񣡡
㲻ʥ񣡡
Ȼǣʥ񣬽첻Ҫ槡Ǵĺͳͳ·һ
ɱңɱ槣
ɱɱˣ˵ģٿˣ㣬Žλ񣡡
ಣ
˵꣬һӡӿڣһ򣬱ѪԪسҶȵա
ŵðӲûпһ
գʿǰ˽λʥʵպÿԱҶ£𽥵ģʮȥ𽥱գʣ¸ʬҲΪ촷ۣĴ䣬ͳͳҶȡ
ھںϰ֮
Ҷ뿪˾䣬ɳ棬ظ߿֮У߿գʼգʼ߶ӡȫԪӿս֮С
漴ҲʼϾԪ󣬰˽λͳͳΪԪںʵ֪ж档
Ԫ󾻻һ׶ʱҶȴһᣡ
ಣ
ȫͷųĿĽ⣬⣬ҶȿȥʥѣʼѾԽ֮ǰ
ԪŽʧΪһŽӲӵԴھſԴɹ
Žλ񣬴ʱ˿̣Ҷ̤۷壬ʥֻһ֮ңӦĳŵҲֻʣʮѣ
ûйӦԼڴӸ߲̤񣬺ܿ죬ͻ̤ʥ񣬳Ϊһ߼
ת飬ʣµĵĿǰòϣԺðɣ
뵽ת飬ԭǴ߶ž̤ʥ񣬲һҪնɱ槣槵̤ʥǸгɾ͸У


2028 նɱ
Žλ
ʥֻһ֮ң
Ӧеõת飬ʣµתҲҲòϣԼŬҲʮʱ䣬̤ʥ
֮УҪץʱ䣬ʵ
֮ģ뵺֮µĿռ䡣
һ߾ۼС
ҶδѲŹǣҳδᣬҾӦǿߣ
ɱ¾֮˵
취ãҪǿߣֻǿߣܳնɱҶȣ
һ񣬼۸񲻵ͰɣҲҪǧϵʯ
Ǿ͵ǧ꣬ûпɿˣǮƣֽѣֲǳ֣õİ취
ҪһǿߣԸҶȣ
ŷ硢ɱ¾֮ȵߣ伫ΪԸҶȣֹӶɱֵֶҲĳ
ǳˮߣҵ񣬲⡭
߼ԸҶȵķӡ
֪ȥ
Žλҵʵﵽ˽λʥھŽλʥ֮䣬Ըûˣ
͵Űɣȡͷ
֮УͨУȫʵڽŽλ߶ȣҶܸܵģʵʵ
Դ״̬նɱѾǰʮ㡣
ȻҲϸ΢仯仯ģҲҶһֱڴġ
Ӥ
ճɫϵľϵʯ򣬼ϸбԴӤͷ㳤֮һѾȭͷСҲ͸ɫ⣬еԽԽ졣
̤ŽλӤ仯ȻˣһͻʥӤı仯ֻﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
кܴģӤͨͨصɽ硣
ʵĴжٱ
ʱõʮö䣬Ҳ⿪ƣֳʮһöö֮УҪʵĴ䡣
ΪһߣƸѾǴͼֺᲢ۵ġ
ոս룬ҶȾͼʯһƬһƬʮƬ֮࣬Լһ£ʯǧ֮࣬ҲʯԼ
֮УҲñʮ񷨱һЩķȻ߼ȴ̺˺ϢʹõԲ֣һķ
Щ֮УһԺ壬ʣ෨ΪҶȶԣȻô
ҶںĻǸŲ鿴ӦٱԴϢԼһЩ
Ȼֲ鿴ʮ䣬ʯʯ̫ˣҶ˵Ǵ¾Ǿ޾ˣҲûӵеĲƸࡣ
뿪䣬ҶȾõū˼ںУһ뿪󣬽硣
δūԳǷλȥ֮Χ߶龻֣ӦǿϢ
Ȼܿջ񣬰ʱһһٶͷʥͷ֮࣬һʥΪﵽλˮ磬Ѿͳһ
ԴﵽŽλʥʵҶ˵Щ߶һ޴𽥸Ƕ
ᣡ
γɣ̺Ϣ֮ͨ󣬿ʼԾٶȣնǺˮǺͳͳС
һᣬͷֲԾˣ׷ܳһ޽ɱ
ӣ
ʥƲߣҶһץһ޴ָӡʱͷʥסоСƵģӶץ
㣬㣬ʲôˣҿ槴ǿߣ
Ϊʥսս֪ʵҶ̫
Ҷüһɨ⺬֮槣Ǻǣҵľ㣬ǵ槴ˣںδ
ش𣺡˴Ųٸ֣ڲԶȫѰǸϢ
ǲҪˣҾǰ
ͣ
槾ڸҶһЦһץͷʥͱץûԴȻ߶ͨն·ѹȥ˲飬һٶͷǸ߲
˲ɱʬ嶼Ҷһһռ
߶龻֣ǰˮȥ
ԼһʱȻһ磬һˮɽ֮£澹Ȼһٶ
ʥʮͷ
һӦҶȾһǧͷǷǳǿĴڣʥҶȺܿҵĿꡣ
槣
Ϣ빬ϢںϣҪӦĴڣһҲѡ
ˮ֮У槵ĵλʵҲûбҪϢ
߶֮׾ͽ磬𽥿빬պʮͷʥ빬ȥ
ϷҶȼӦȷ槾Ǵ֮С
ˣʱ䣬һֱûջҪҪֱӽ뺣֮һ죬ȻѰҶȣ
ô֮꣬ˮ򣬳ڶֵƽ״̬಻̤ǵأѲǱܾģ߲ʸȷһУˣ뺣֮ı㳹˺ƤӼ˻Ҫҧˣ
߾Ҫ󶴸ع飬ץǸ࣬Ӳ˳ͷ
ֻмӿٶѰңʱ仹ûջһԸ뺣֮ĵѰҶȣ
·֮УԼһͷͷ۵
໰⣬ҵҶΪģҶó槺żѾûѡ
˰죬ںȥ
槣˵һȡͷ
ֻʣ뼸ˣҶ߶ߣ֮ңֱӴ߶ĵһٵʵѾﵽʥ۷壬ʵѾ΢΢槡
ϸͨ״̬ɱ槵İգǰٷְ١
һֱڱ֮ϳ˼һ뿪󷽲
ܿɣУʵǽһڤ˼״̬ҪҵԸҶȵķӡ
ôҲ벻ôѰҵǿУȻԱߣھ
ҲҶƣڰֿԸĺճӦþҶһ˼ˣڶǵ׷ɱܸ֮С
ߣҲţһӣʵԸҶӣһҶҪܵѹȣռƣҶߵĻᡣ
ˮ
㾲죬ҶȾʱˣץˮ߶槵ǰѸײڶ֮ƣ˦еˮ

ˮײ槵ķȻſۣ޷ӦѾüĵˮ⡣
ͣ
ˮԴѪ䣬槾ȻһʱӦĿ˫ۣ·Ҫӡ
槣˵ͷһȡµģѵһᣬϢݳȥ
Ҷͻأ֣ͫɱ⣬ϧ˫ֻδʼӡͱһ޽նͷ­
ಣ
ʯ䣬ҶȾͰͷһ֮УתҪ뿪ͻȻһͷ
ͷֻص֮ϣȻ˭Ҳûз槱նɱôһǧͷΪҰɱĶ󣿡
Ȼˣһƣһݣкˡ
һɱ̫Ѿˣˣ񵤣ҿ֮УֲԪӡֻҪк£кԪƣһҲܲˣ
ɱǧͷһֻ֣øǿֶΡ
ûѡֻͨԪͨ


2029 
ֳɵģֻҪעԼӵˣ
֮ڴޱȣһôɶ֮ˮ˵Ȼһ
֮ǰ߶ͨھ֮У槵ͷ³һ𣬲߶ͨܿͰΪһѰĿܣҪעϢ
˲Ϣ槡ͻص˱֮ϡ
ȥǸĿ˵ģϧͱҶɱûʶû˼룬ֻһʬ壬һӵϢʬ⡣
һжڶ̶ʱɣ
֮ҶȾԱߣпƽʱһʲôʲôھ֮Уͨڼ񵤡
ֻʱ䡣
ͨƳǧ̺񵤣ÿһ棬ֲԪӣκκ£ͻᱻԪӿơ
槾֪ͨкۼ
һṦһٶͷ֮У֮һʥǿߣʣĶǿߡ
һ֮󣬾ܵҶȿƣֱ⣺λֵܣոʴ˹ѯʽչΪ˹ҵȣ񵤣ԼֲƱڲƱʲ˼תƣԵץҶȣٷָң񵤾ȽǣҲҪԶµÿλֵܣô֪ʴûЩֵܣ
ಣ
˵꣬ʱʹһٶö䡣
ʹ͵ĵҩ
ڳĸ
ʣߣ񵤣ͨ񵤣Ҳϵҫÿͷܼ
ɭɭĪҪȥҫҪãΪҪʿԽңҲԳͷңֵǣǵ£
ǣ
ÿһͷõһö䣬Ȼż飬뿪˴
ЩĻ뵽һжı
ֵܵʹͣκκ˵ĪҫǸ˻ֻ
Ҷֳ槣ߺҴﵽŽλ۷徳磬ܵõһǧͷ̤ʥҲòô
ڴȴţһԣʼ߶龻֣ӦжҪȷкܷ񵤣һ©֮㡣
ūԳǣ
ΪΣ
ߵĹУ
ڽڲ鿴һŵͼȻ䣬̧ͷüͷһᡣ
ಣ
һץƯһͷŨϢڻɢڽӸоʮɻ󣺡槵ıϢΪԽԽޣѵʲô£ûʲô
ܣ
ҲڴʱһֱӶƹ
磡磡
ڽӴϲһſڣʱӰһˮ㣬ǰ
˶ڽӣͬóֵܣǺ֮ⷽˮƿأֵܡ
ԱһͷǸİ꣬һʮ࣬˫ȴĹȻһǿޱȵĺ
ˣŰ꣬¹
ʸ첲ԼˣؿҲǴֻǸպ·֮ģȻ硢ͬ·Ҳ͹
ˣ룬룡
硢磡
ϴ϶Լ˽һ֣ʿʮòŮū
Ĵ־ۼڴ֮Уʳƣˡ
ϸʵϴ϶ҲֵܴʡʣͬƢԸ񣬲ҪֿˣʵҲȻǿ
ˣϢ޵ģ⣬޷ӦĴڣȻһ𳬼ֲĴڡ
ܣ󶴸ʱϢߺƬˮ򲻰ϴ§˿ʵ
ȷд£֮ǰֵҲ⣬ҪΪˮȻͨԵˮĴͼһŮͣұÜ£ץͼԼˮһ¼ץˮ֮Уȴ֮ĵߣǱ֪ˮҪˣҲżˮ
ǵϣƣ
ֵҲΪԜ²ѳͷ槣ȥ֮ˣҪˣ֪Ҳں֮ģ
ܣɣ֮Щߣǹ˵ԣҲûӲҪ˰ɣ
ʱҲˣʣɱƵһΪҶȵĵȫûֵ˷ɱʣ
²ܾôˣ
ϴ󣬵һ֣Ů¡
϶ʲôʱ򳤵ˣô֮꣬Ϊǳˮ򣬼ҲƵ߶ץūһֱֻ۱ֻۣھֵԣ
ϴǲǸһͳ֮ģ׹£ƬˮūԴ⣬ǿץסһЩ࣬ΪǵĿܣΪץһģˮеһӰˣ϶Ҳڵ
ֵܾڵλðȻжǽʧȥһūԴǳˮ˵ˮṩūõѡ񣬶ҲΪ㣬ųֵܣһ
ֵͬʱһԵİ꣺ˣʲô
һֱ⣬ûɫ󶴸ټˮūҲΪҪģ˵ˮĺ壬â룬󲿷ūͨ󶴸۶ȵģ󶴸ūҪҲΧССγѭҪ֤ūĹӦסһ㣬̫࣬ץԽ࣬Խ٣ǳԽҲԽԽ
˷ģ֮ƬˮūӦԲӣ
ֵصصͷλǰƺ˲κһߵļ
ŮˣԽԽãҪŮˣҪĴŮҲΪūõĸأ
лˣ
Ĵֿʼ
һ磡
֮Уû˿һЩˮѲţϰٶƯںˮ֮С
ᣡ
ʱ˿̣빬֮ϡ
Ҷ˫ƣ槺󱳣ΪӶڵĽ硣
ںɷý翪ʼתһٶһ֮Ҷȸ·ˣеĺ񵤣²˳٣
һʼ
˫һᣬԪʼڣγɺޱߵӿ˳ȻҶȵԪ񣬶ʱˮ򣬲Ҵ߶ӡһǧԪϢʼӡ
䣡
һܵԪըһٶ֮дǰѲߵĺͷҲһԪ⣬Ȼһش˫֣ûʶĻˡ
ҶӦЩǿĺʥ񼶱Ĵڣ˲䣬űԪӡɵ֮УǵӡʼԪڱһһΪʬ⡣
ʥʵǿԪΪȴ࣬췢кܴϵҪԽͬڵĺҲһչ
ಣ
ȥҴˣ²ãֵܶܶû˶˺֣
ȻӶΧɳʮһЩԼ߲ҶϵЩʵðѵҩ̷
Ƿɳ֮ʣΧ֮Уʱ̳һ޽ֻ˲䣬ûһͷ


2030 ֮ĩ
Щĺͨ˲ɱƬˮųһٶӦκϢ
ͳͳ
ҶƯڸ߿գһԪ߶
ಣ
ʱһ֮Уɳһͷͷһͷһͷ֮࣬ͳͳҶǰȻţǧͷ֮࣬룬Ϊ֮ǰ槡ֵܵڣȴΪҶȿƵĿܡ
槰кΪôҶȴﵽʥ񾳽磬Ҳܳʱ䡣
ǺǵĴ䡣
槣ӵеĲƸ޷󣬶Ȼʼ֮ࡣ
Ƴһ·߶򣬰к봢֮УͬʱҲѽڣȻȥ
ūԳǣ
硢磬˵֣ѰǸ䣬ǰһ̣ͻȻоϢڼ
֮УֻʣֵܣˣѲӰ
ղڳ˵಻㣡
ϴˡŮ뿪϶̿ͼ֮ĵͼָ꣬ź֮ģ϶ҾӦ֮Ķ֣˺֮ģץ󲿷Ϊū󶴸ȻѡһˣΪãص֮ˮ½һǰƿأ֮ͬʱڣץūԼԼˮؽ֮ȫǶ֣ɱΪūǸã
ֵ֣ݻٺ֮ģҲҪķһЩɣ϶üͷ˵
̣֮ȷЩ֣ΣǸ¾ĵʱûмˮϺ֮˹Ȼǣ˭Ϊã˵ĺܲǲṩ㹻ūν
磬ͬ⣡ͷ
϶˼Ƭ̣ҲͬȻˣǾһδֱʣ׿ƺ֮ģ
ϴڣܣϵֵȻΪϾҪΧ֮ģ̤ƽ̣
ˣ
һӡһӣʱ˫ͫ˸â״̬ʱͻȻһãϢȫʧˣһδθӦϵûκλظ
ֻһͣ槳ˣ
ϴ϶ʱվ
硢磬ҸϹȥ
תͻΪһڹ⣬źˮ֮С
ֻ
һٶڵˮ˫һâʱŭɶˣֵܶˣûзκսֻǲһЩֵܵѪʲô˲ɱǣ槵Ϊˮ֮Уֵܣ˭Ҳֶɱ
Ƭˮû˿Ϣ֮£ɱôֵܣ槡ѵǸҶȵ඾֣
һŭûκˣϱ
ԽԽ󲻶ԾյõʲôƵģԭһͲˡ
֧
ҶҲֻǸոջع飬δž뵶ūУҲ׼Уʥ
ͬʱҲˡ繫ȡϵ֪ʱ䣬󲿷־ڰУɿϣҶϴץĺΪھ򹤾ߣھٶȳ֮ٶȵʮ̶ʱ䣬ѿɳٿ
ҶҲ֪֮ߣϵһΪľǰԸԼ

ҶȻǶ֣ϢһҲţ⻹ֻǺ֮߼ƻʼδʵʵʱҶҲͻʥ񣬵ʱʵѹκʥǿ󣬵Ҳв
ֻҪҶӵʱֶΣú
Է٣һһ·ҪԸңǾͱҲӡ
ҶͻȻȴ䲻ԸһߣȻɵ񣬿Ҳ֣ǰ֣鷳Ҳǰˡ
繫ɣʾͬ⣬ں֮ĵߣҶǼɵ֣˭˲£ǿ磬Ҷȶֻ֣ǲ繫ҲҶȣ֮ĲߣӵжԵǿǹϵ磬ֱȻҪУȻǴϢᣬԶԸ
Ҳã֮ĵȷϴˣҾͰ繫ӣΪ֮ĵߣһͳ֮ģ
Դвһ繫ӣҶվˮ¿λȥ
Ҷ벻Ҫ䣬ƻ֮
ūԳǣ
ĺūԳǰ˷ǰĶʥǺĺ
ģūԳȫǸ߲ʥ֮ࡣ
գֵƯˮսףֻǹһṦֵܸԷɳȻҲΪɶ飬ɶͬʱ֮ġ
֮ģ
ʮֲټˮ֮УÿһƵӵвٵĵǽʯȺ
֮£һ·һƯˮıʯ
࣡
ں֮ΧһԲεˮ棬ͻȻðݣ˸о֮ˮ棬һڹݾڷƵġ
Ѳǿߣֵ󣬵ʼе߻㱨
ˮ¿
ҶȸոͨڣͻȻ繫˼Ҵ߳һҶȣԵüȲѡ
ôˣҶȲʵԲ繫Ȼд·򲻻Եż
繫üֵĵĵҶ֣ʱ򣬾ڸղţҵĲ´ӷ嵺Ϣ˵ں֮Χˮ棬ݣϴξȻдģˮ»
ģ
յߴϢ
ҶԵúܾ֮ʱ繫ƺֵõʲôһýģղҲǵΧˮҲݣô£
ҵĲ£Ҳֺ֮ķλðݣ
ͬʱҲƺյ´
ߣһˮȴͬʱ֪˲˼Ҷȵ˼Ȼʶд·
Ǻں֮ʷϣǴδֹģδй˶ĺһͬ
²ǻô򵥡
Ҷ󣬺Ȼ䣬Ժһͷ򲽷繫ˣ֮ǰȥɱ槣ѵǺ֪£ҪѰұ𣿡
ɱ槣繫𾪵Ҷȡ
Ҷ˵һ䣬ǳԵĻ槣槴ǧǿߣˮʱʱѰҵ䣬͵Ϯõʱһݣɱкʱں֮еΪԭҶǼӰѺ֮Ҳⳡ֮У
Ҷְÿζ޷ߣȥȷµ࣡
繫ҡҡͷع˵ʲôȷɳ繫ҶϷ嵺
ʱ

֮Ĵݷڱ֮Χһˮ棬𽥵ðһͷͷ޴ĺֳǱ𣬻һһɳӣȻγһİΧȦΧ֮ġ
ĺ
ƵϿա
֣γ˰Χƣ֪²ǿߣŵûһӡأλѶγɰΧ֮ƣǶǿɱǺ֮ĵϾҪˣҪǺ֣֮
ಣ
ոմ
ͻȻʹӺ֮ͬʱһ˵âں֮ĵںһһǿĽ磬Ѹײڶ֮ƣ֮ġ
״κηӦδ֮ΪԶԶɵɫ԰׳֮̾ĩյ𣿡


2031 ͵ϮūԳ
ϵӿ֣֮ڲڶൺ죬жٵʿ
ʱ˿̣ʿϷɳ죬գеʿӳȥȴ޷ں֮Ϸ硣
ಣ
һߣŸµʥǿߣһɳʱ߿һٶǿߣ硢¾֮ŷӵΪףһͬ˷
˭˼һ󷢺

ͻȻ䣬ں֮ĵĽ磬ʼˮ·죬粻ûˮ֮УˮγɿֲĽ磬Ⱥ֮Ͽս绹Ҫ̣Щ֧򱻺ء
á
繫Ҷˮ棬ͼ󷽵磬ȻѺ֮ˮ򣬰죬Ϸˮͳͳֻʣº֧֧Ҳš
֮㡢㶼ӣʵʵ
繫㵣ǿԸӦóѵֵԳ֣Ľ磬Ȼﵽĸ߶ȣ
Īȥʱˮ»㰲ȫȿЩʲôĿģ̬ҶԤϣҲ벻ڳ̡
ãܸǰ˽ӣ
繫Ҷȵˮ档
֮֮£֮ϣټǿߣ·ʿӶʮﵽˣǸ߲Ĵڣʥֻм
ΪķкδжȻкǿڰпƽ磬մž֪Ǻ壬ͻȻڣΧҺ֮ģʲô˼
ʣ
գһ죬ӿնǺ֮ĵҶȣɱҺֵܣѪ𣬽Ҫֻ֮
ȻΪҶȣ
ߵһɫвͬڣȻԭǰҶȹȻԿȻǵ
Ȼˣ
֮ٴ𣺡ĺ֮ģ඼ǻĵֻڴϢǿģһѸܴòԽԽ֣ȻɱҺֵܣʽͰѻʶ࣬ͷֿ
ֿ
Ը⣿߳߿ս磺ʣҶͲǺ֮ĵˣ֮ǰѱǹȻȥƵͲǺ֮ģ˽֪ʵ֮ĹڣΪҪѺ֮ĳȥ
ʲôɣʲôڣڹҧĪڱǰˣЩֻһ䣬Ųֿ
һȣÿɫýģǿˣֵܶԳǲ̬ܰѹȥ
ֿ
ÿһߣֻ˲ӣÿжǲܡ
ȻɵϾˮ򣬵ںɱˣҲܸԸӡ
ǻжټɵֵܱʾԸ
ˮ硣
繫Ҷȣֵܵһ繫һأҶֵ֣ܲưոݣȻˣͲ뿪캣ֵܻ֮һս
Ҳδ뵽֮ģֻɱһʱͷԣո֮Ĵ˴
ҶȳĬˣΪ֮Ĵⳡѡ
ҿĿģ򵥣Ҷ֣һֱף̲Һ֮ģΪһͳ磡
֮
Ҷȿˮ棬취ⳡΣ֣ⳡˣɲΪ˺֮ʿҲҪ߾
ǲѡǱʾѡֵǣʰѺ֮е࣬ɱһ
ǣ
ͻȻʰٴˮ棬Ҷ벽繫ͬʱЩƯˮͳͳɱ֮ģƬ޴ˮ򣬶ʱκˡ
ҶȸӦ֮УͬƷ䣬Ӱ˷뺣֮ģɱڵĺ֮ߣҲһŴʿ빥󷨣͵طֻһ棬ɱ
ʮ쳣ǿĺƯڽ֮⣬лϢ޵ĴڣȻֵܣˣҪº֮ġ
棬ͻȻһͷҶԺҲΪ뾡ͬˣ뵽㣬򲽷繫ӣȻҶҾҪֲ
ֵа취繫ӼҶԵñ֮ǰƽ࣬²⵽ʲô
ֵܴôǿɱ뺣֮ģ뿪磬ƿصūԳǣڵϳǲǿˣ
ֵ˼ĪֵҪûūԳǣ
ֵʮֿĿˣ벻һȥūԳǣϳ֣һǱȻָϻȥ㵽ʱߣǳû뿪֮ģȱܹⳡƽ˵
취Ǻð취ūԳǿˣҲӦǿأҶ֣ȥҲΣյúܡ
û£նɱʡ槣ܶԸ£еĺ֪ūԳǻûֵܣΪҲǴﵽʥ۷壬¾˵ˣұϹȥ
ಣ
һ˵֮ҶȾͻһ⣬ڵ
߶ǧͼȫעūԳǣ
ԼʮҶȾٶȣūԳϷ
ȥūԳǹȻûжٺѲ߶һ룬ͨӦūԳ룬ǧʥһЩһϢȻﵽʥ۷壬ΪӦǾŽλʥ
ŽλʥΪʡ槣ֵҲͬģֵ˷ģūԳǣش쳣ǿ
ϳҲף
ҶҲܲô࣬ú֮ļѹʱ䣬ֻҪֵܵһֺԺ֮ĵʵػӳʿ
𣡡
˵ʱʱ죬ҶȾѾ߶ӡһܷҲ׼á
꣡
ƯūԳǣͻȻӰձһɾ޴Ļ򣬺ɫĻ򣬴ǿϢ־͵ػūԳǷ֮ϡ

γɴը𣬶ʱɢѲߵĺմգ۾ͱΪȻﵽ˾Žλʥ񣬶ԸЩȻ׾١
𲻶ūԳǷūԳҲھ𶯣ڲӿˮ磬Ȼ𣬶¶𺳡
ūԳǣȻҲ˸ƣ
һӰֶ
Ԫ
Ӱ¶һɵľһսףǹִϣƣһͷŹϢ
Ԫ
һǧͷ£
Ԫڲأƽ磬ȥնɱǿ֮ͽ

ݺɳתۼ䣬Ԫͷɳ磬Ưںˮ֮еҶȣʱץһ񵶣ɱ
䣡
ոն֣ūԳڲȻ˱ը
תһͼ治֪ʲôʱ򣬳࣬һСޣȻ˿裬󷽵غɨһƬڻūԳǣ
ɽƣ
ԪҲҶȣūԳǷȥ

ǣһ޽ȴڰ·赲Ĳ
Ҷͬʱ֣ĮȻԪūԳǾôһ֣Ǻǣֵռıཨĳǳأ춼Ҫ֣֮

ԪȻ˫һ𣬾񵶣ͻȻһѹ޽ҶҲ˺ִ߶޽عԪ
ʵﵽŽλʥ񣬶ԪǾŽλʥΪԣԪʵԽһ٣ֻϧֲ̫࣬ˣҶȸպÿӦ


2032 սϴ
һս֮ģ
֮ڣɱһƬ
ӪѱڵĺƣʿǿγɶԿ֮ơ
Χǵ󷨣ʱʱ̸̿ͺˮԼӵʹͬӿս
ӵͨˮˮݡֺһЩ棬ս֮УΪǿͷ޴ҪʿӪȷ˺
ֻ΢΢ռһƣΪγ״̬
֮ʵȻǿ󣡡
֮⡣
ֵܴŲǿߣδɱ뺣֮ģϴüһΪԴ֧ԮȥЩջᱻѹ
˵ĺܶԣˮǵĵ̣϶ڨڨһЦ
ˣ
ͻȻһ⣬ˮͻȻȻֳɣץס
ҶȾȻȫɱūԳǣ
һŭɶԵޱȡ
໥һףø̫࣬ƻˣȻ͵ϮūԳǣ
Ԫʵﵽʥ۷İ֣ԪʵԶԸˣ
϶㲻Ҷȣĺܲɱ槣Ѿ˼飬ڻܽӣͬ࣬ܵӽǴδֹģ飬ӣҪܵѹȵģ
磬⣬ȷ̫˼һ࣬ôһ㣬ݺ᣿˼άҶȼԽӣԳʱͣҲܣ½أӦʵԪ֣ʵһҲδܵѹȣ
ҶҲ׼ԪûƶԣһԶԸˣūԳǣпܻҶϣ
磬磬ȻˣҶȳûϳūԳǿֵܵǻˣǻһϣǱֳ֪ЦڶǵλҲҪܵӰ죡
磬ɱȥｻ
϶վ˳
̫͹ˣһҪ֮ģ²ˣɱҶȣٳ֮ģ
ٺ٣ģֵҪɱ񫣡
ߣ
ϴ϶һͳ⡣
ֻӽ֮Уʿɱĺнǧ֮࣬ʼ롣
£
һֱ룬ִ֣ͻȻһ֣ʵ벻ף뿪һĺ˵ֱĺ¡
ಣ
һӰͻȻ·ˮɳǲ繫ӡ
߼о㵣еԹʼѣڲܳ
繫ǰԭ򣺡λ֪кܶ뷨ҪģǼʱɱһѪ·룬Ϊ˳û͵ϮֵܵϳūԳ£
𣿡
˭
˻ɣ󲿷ֶţΪܳ룬ô࣬Ȼʲôͻ¼
ҶĿڲ繫ϣ̫֪˺֮һ·˭
ǶʶҶȣҶ繫ӵһһ֣˵

ÿһ߶𾪡⣬벻Ȼǵĵˣں֮Σʱͦ
ȴҲվЦⳡˣģ£Ҳֲʧߣǲܳһף
ȲЩ취ɱȥ˵ʾĪȥҿʼۼһ취
ūԳǣ
࡭
Ԫǿߣغϣ֪ӲӣһۣͻȻ󾪣Ӧþɱ槣δԵࣿ
ڲ֪Ԫǵߣźɱ뺣֮ģȴ벻һᣬҿԵõūԳǵıأɱҵʵס㲻ɣٿūԳ֮ڣλ֣ɶǴﵽʥ۷ֻѹҪۼūԳǱ𣡡
˲˶ãѾɱӣ
Ԫ񵶣Ҷȴͷų޽һδζԿԪ׷ҶʩչҲūԳǣΪūԳǣѱܷޣƻòӣ֪ٺɱ
ֻҪԪūԳǣҶȾͳûס鲻ӣԮūԳǣֻܿūԳǲ顣
𣿡
ʱ֮ԪֵҶȣͻȻ͸ӦޣȴͷǿʢɱǿߣԶˮ͸
²ɱ
ûʱˣڲߣҶȾҪֵ֣ܽѴﵽĿģ˺֮ѹҲʱ뿪
ಣ
߶ߣҶչ˾ٶȣһūԳϷͬʱܷҲɳ
Ͼ򣡡
ԪɱˣƺҶߣγ֣ﵽ۷壬Ҳʥ۷
һƬˮͻȻҶΧȣˮҶȷ˵ѹײķ
ಣ
ţһɫ󵶣ǺˮγɵģԪ֣˫ѹ£Ҷȡ
Ҷȵһԣʥ۷槣Ҳδﵽʥ۷塣
ҶȻ濹⣬߶ռͨҪֳȥ֪ˮռѹҲﵽʥ۷壬ͨܵӰ죬Եܿɫ󵶣ǴƣװƷ
һѪҲû߶ߣ֮ɳ˺ˮռ䣬ޣˮ
ӣ
Ԫ׷ȥ
ԶūԳˮԪϼҶȵӰʧͷϻҲ벻ףΪҶ˾˵ٶȣӣǵĵ̰
ȵźֵܣ
ͻȻӰٶȳ˽Ԫһĸ߶ȣԪϿһͲӰ

Ԫ𺳵ؿӰ׷Ҷȣ˿һ£ΪⱲӣͷ۵ࡣ
㻹ܣԱһ棡
ˮ硣
ҶȳûոհѿܷڣȻ˫ͫ¶ɫ֮ʣͻȻ󷽴̳һ֮ҹ档

ٶ̫ˣԽҶȵٶȣƬˮ򣬶ҹ¡
ҹҶȷһƤ򣬱˳ȥһˣҲܴܵ𶯣סӰӿѪ
ͷһͼͷϳڽǵĴ󺺣׷ɱ
ӣ
붼룬ҶתǰȥٶȣȴûƣͻȻһָ͵
޷УѪֵܵʵʥʵٲȻѾҵٶȣԼͨûơУˮ֮Уûκƣֻܻصȥ
Ҷȷˮȥ
뿪ӣһֵܵƣҲõһĿƣٶ̫ˣ
ϴһ۾ͿҶȵ뷨򣬶ٶٴߣҶȵٶȣ׷ȥ
ͻͻ
ˮУ⣬ں˺ˮΪֻ֣ٶȳҶȡԼϴͨٶȣӺͨѹƣҪõӱԴĸ
̣
ֻ֣ݺݵץҶϷԼ󷽣ĻҶٶһӻͬʱϴҲ׷Ҷȣûϵػӳһҹ棬ͻҶȵĺ󱳴ȥ


ҹۿҪҶȣȴΣ֮£ҶȾȻܿˣȴҹȻҶ֮Զ


2033 ֮
ҹﵽĸ߶ȣԽʥÿһ֡ÿһԶκʥ޷ֲشʥûΪ촷ۡ
ɰ֮ԶҶȣо¶ֻʥȼķճ˵ǿԻͬʥΪƫƫǺʥЩ顣
ãһΪҶȻ󲿷
ˣҲܾ޴ش
ܵһȻȫܻ򵥰
ϴһδӲˮɱҶڰ֮ⴭϢеЩš
һףǺⲻٵܣվѺܲˣģܲˣ
˵꣬ȳҶȡ
ǧͼ
ԷʵǿҶȲò߶ٶȣһչͷɱ֮ʣʱˮ档

ϴע⵽һĻ˿֮ʣ׷ҶȣҶڵٶȣȻԽ

ˮ淢һըһˮ棬Ҷȴ֣Ȼ߿ա

ϴҲųˮ棬ȻҶֻаס

ϴͻȻӶұۣĺ󱳡
䣡
ľޱۣľٶȣȻŪÿռ䱬ըϴ˸߿ա
ݣ
ҶȴʱٶȣȻﵽ۷壬ȷҪչʾٶȵƣϾﲻˮٶռơ
벻ͻȻƿնһӰ˦ľޱۣ۰ɨٶ̫죬֮ҶֻԼµǰ
䣡
ﵽԼͰҶȷ飬Ҷϵľ¡
Ȼı۰ֱ飬Ҷ򱻲κˣͬʱǰ˫ϴ
¡
ΪƬľ£ҶʹѣõʹõһҲлǿķ
ȻƷֻʥ񣬵󷨡ͨ򵥣̺˾ž֮ӵնɱĩģô꣬һֱҶѷڣȻǰ¡
ȥ
ϴҶȶ½ڰ׸߿룬Ҷγɷ£ҶѾûпߡ
ֵܣҶԴ˴ӱֻǼסҶһǵģ
ǧͼ괩󣡡
Χ׷½أҶȾȻһеģȻߣưεһһĻˣҶȾȻƾһںĲӰʧ
䣡
ͬʱϴ˫ۣͬʱ֣ǲӰڿռ䣬ռ侹Ȼֵóѷ졣
Ҷ磬һμʿܴĿռ䡣
ڷ硢ɽ磬ֻҪΪǿߣ״ռ䣬磬߿ռ磬ϴˡ
ʵȷﵽ˼ĵزʥ
ˣʲôٶȣ
ٶȣǿռ䷨Īܲܵ˵㡭
ϴͻȻһӡ
֮֮һƬˮ򣬸պһ֧УһƬʯȺ
Ҷʵĵط
գ
һǳâΪŤ֮⣬ƿռһ۳һѪ벻ôǧͼ괩֮ʣϴռƣպþ塣
û˾£ǧͼͬʱܵѹˣˣ
·ʯȺ¶һ΢ЦҺõ¼꣬ǷǿУԽд벻óˣҪϢָ
ɣϷʯȺ
֮ģ
䣡
һɹײֻ֮ߣ硢ӵɱ¾֮ŷԼ繫ӵΪףʿһֵһֹ硣
£Ҫ飡
磬ֵܺɣÿһ˶ʵ˺ʹﵽ׼߶ȣﵽһλ۷壬Ƚ磬Ҳһʥ񣬻ǼʥܶԿġ
ʴ߿ʼ֣磬һɹǾ;ܴ뿪
ʲôָǸɶҶˣ
֮⣬϶׼֮ʣͷһ˫ڽǣͻȻ͸һâ㵣ȻЦܲˣЩҲߣ
϶һ֣ʮﵽ߽λʥĺͬһᷨӡע֮С

ɲǼ䣬һ϶һ˫֣ݺݵذڽ֮ϣȻʹȵĽᶳֻ϶˫֮£Ľϴʼֱɽ翪ʼʱʼᶳ
Զȥټĺ֮Ϸ룬·ƾտʼ˾޴ı飬ұ黹ڿ֮죬ƺҪ֮ģԼеˣˣˡ
죬߶ǿ
߻ˣ϶̫ǿˣֹ֮Ǹûл·
޷ֵڽ֮еֵʵŴﵽһλ۷壬أ֮Уûһˣܴﵽʥ۷壬ǿ赲ֶܼã
϶ߣǿ߿ʼ󣬱㲻мմЦ
Ȼⷬӭͷʹ׷û˶־һߣҲʶӳ֮֡
ԭֵʵ
˵أߣÿһ˶һ񣬶ѹ
䣡
ڴΣʱ̣
ͻȻӽ֮⣬϶ֺ󷽣һһ񽣣䲻أնȺ󷽡
ã
϶ʵʱӦ˽ʱﶯ䣬Χʮ֣һͬ
գǣƸǿʢ󷽵񽣣·ƶӿٶȣŽһС
¡
񽣵̫ˣϴ߶񽣵Ҳǿޱȵһʹ˽硣
񽣺󷽣һ߳·ߣھߣԼʿһ룡
ǿˣ
쳷
ʿܹ裬ǿߣ֮УȻҲǿߣʮߣץסᣬʿɳڡ
ӣ
϶źҪ½ˡ
ಣ
һںǰ
϶Ŀ¶׹⣬Ѫ죺ԭĹ͵ϮǣԭĿǽ硭
ܶҵͬ𣿡
˷ϵЦȻὣնĵҲǣնɱκһͬ
ҿѵƬˮս϶Ȼôźˡ
һССĺ֮ģǻԼˣսƾһ֮ģûǸӰɣâ
˵һ

϶ͻȻ֣һ̳һ泤ʮɵҹ档

˵϶ڸ߿ս֣һδν֣˾Ȼһֲµľ棬˭Ҳռơ
ҲôƬ̹ʿӳ˴룬ʣһ֣ں
ಣ
˼һĻ϶̾߿շȥ
Ǹ׷Щװߣ
϶ºȥ׷ߵ࣬׷ȥ
ϧٶȣԶǺ˶֣Ͳټǲƺ׷ٲϢټڸ߿Ѱš


2034 ӦVS
ʯȺ
һ󣬾أϢڽʯȺ롣
ڣҶţող󷨣׼øӦϴû׷
ȷһ֮ʼɸͬʱҲ벽繫ȡϵ
֪֮д󲿷ʿƽӳʱҶȼһ󣬸ô࣬Ҳһֲá
ˣ϶⣬ʥ˭أΣҲǿߣ·ƽεͬѣӦ֣
֪Ź֮ҶҲ׼侲һ
ʯȺ֮⣡
֮УسŤͨ
ʲôûУԸܵһɺ磬Ťͨ
ء
ҪҶȣͷޣͻȻ˶Сβͼٵذ
һĻҶֹȻ󻺻ɳһأҲѣѵϴ׷ˣ
ҶȶԼĸӦͨرģǣޣ磬һ㲻жҶԶԿʱмʱ
ȻһָоΣǴΣ
գӦ˷ûиӦʯȺΧƯЩȻΧˮҲܰûж
龻֣
һΣҶȴ߶龻֣רŸӦϢΪκǿߣԼϢͨǣ޷ϢǲᾲֹģֹܾģǾˡ
ˣ
ͻȻһûжĻ龻֣ͻȻ˾ҶҶȵתһɳӿǰʲôûеİա
ಣ
𱬷һŤӰȻͣڰ⣬𽥵¶һۣһգ˫ͫȴͷ
ҶȵȻʶ֮κˣκκҲʶֵ֮⡣
Ϊֵֺܼ꣬õˡ
޵Ϣʥ񼶱ĺ
ֻǵһۣҶȾȷǰλİʵֱֵܣﵽ߶ȡ
Ҷȵһμʵ벻ף֮ˮ򣬸ܴΪڳˣ
֮ҲڴҶȣ۹͵һЦЦ⣺øͨµ࣬ǾŽλ񣬾Ȼʵﵽ࿹ĸ߶ȣ
֮УҺͨˣ
ҶȿɲⷬǶԼҲ򵥣㶨ĴڰɣƬˮûǿߴ𣿡
ˮ֮󣬴ҺǿߣֻôСӦһ䡣
Ҫɱң
һ棬Ҷȴδоʱ侲ƣҲͬһܡ
أҵǲףһкεڱǰչ¶ⷬ侲ţ
ɻʵȻЦɱʲôһ񣬾ñ֣Ņ̀ˣ
ಣ
ת˲ʮȥ
ͻȻӺ󷽷ӰҶһƳϴ
ˣл㼰ʱ֣СӣӳֵܵģϴݺʱһһңסҶȵȥ·ǰˣҶѾ;ĩ·ĵز
ǣǲע⣬߶ǧͼ󣬻һ˿ᣬ֮ǰй־ٶֵܱзҸǿˣҲҶл뿪
Ҷ֮ģԵľ
һΣصŮӣ档
沢ҶȵĵˣֻǾҶǸţǸֵδ֮ǣִҪҶȡ
һΣȴв
߶ת飬ͻʥҲûôδͻƣǾ֣ܳ壬´߶ģҲ˵Ķ֣ԸϴУ
ܿƣĵˣǰˣϴҪɱ治ס
ϴ󿪿ڵˣ㲻ó֣ǣͷˣעСӴ߶ռ䷨Ƿٶȣ̫ˣ
ҵȻ֣аЦ
ѵҪ磬չҵܣ
ϾҪӭһѪսһʧܵһѪսҪתֻд߶񣬻ǴԪͻȻ֡
ȻҲĶ֡
һҶȵܣҲչ¶֮¡

֪ʲôʱﶯһ΢硣
΢˵ĳȻʯȺϷ𽥵ƶ·ˮҲһơ
Ҷȡϴһ׼ڽս֮УΨһ޹ؽҪˡ
üͷ𣬲ҽ̧ͷ߿գƺʲô쳣Ϣ
ֵϴ䣬⵽˵ɫЩ쳣ǴδģʱϢϴ˺ʵˣôˣ硭
粻Ѱ
˵Ӧһ䣬Ÿ߿գûпϴһۣȻֵ֣ʾ£СģСģ
ô
ҶȲؿ߿գʲôûУˣȴٴС

ͻȻһ΢Уһֽˣͬʱ˻ȴˬ𣺡µսа
Ӧ
Ҷпһ£ֽˣ̫ϤˣƬˮƬֻһӵͨ
Ӧ顣
һΣ֮ʣӦ鼰ʱ֡
˷ʵİֽЦ¼ʶңҲǳ꣬ˮǿߣѵ£㻹ֲɣҪףһ֣󶴸ӣ
Ǻ壬ѵѲɣ
Ӧ˻ƵļЦһȻֽӰһֳһƣӦ飬һûȥҶȣаϣ˵аǶҶδֻڣѾˣ
Ҫˣа޵ƣͻȻͷų
䣡
ƣаΧըȻΧըƣϯ

ֻƣͰϴԼҶȣֱɣסǧסס
ۣ
֮⣬˲ͣһϣȫ˺˺ۣ֣Ǵﵽʥ۷ĴڣȻаһƣ޷赲ˣ
ажǿ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻأ䣬Զ߿մƿ
ৣ
һֻ֣ץסҶȵĸ첲һ
һʱǰ棬ӦҶֳһаٶȣȻӦ鲻£ЦҲԭ㱾Ѿ˵ز
аףҷС棬ҲŹˣΣӦ԰׵ϣһ˿ɫ
ǣ
аĿٿȻϴϣʱֵܶˣӦͻȻһĻŵһţҲ˵ӦҪɱǣ˲Ϣѡ
ҲóӦ֮ûɱǣǣҶȡ
ʱֵܲҿȲҵӦ飬ҲҵаֻѡĬȫƿ֮֡
ã
֪ڼ˶ʱаܹϾʹӦҪֵ˿ֵһ˻㣬ֶΪ
ߣ
ӦĮȻɨһҶȡ
ʦ
ҶԥƬֱ̣Ӻϴ߶ǧͼƾʧ
Ҳߣаϴͷ
һҲɣֱӶ·֮С
ˣ
һ̣Ӧаͫ⣬һ

ǧ׵Ķˣʮ֮ͻȻڿײһ
ɲǣһɻֱӰѶڿռ䣬飬ƻɢϯˮ򣬶ʱˡ
ˣܿ졢ɢﾪ˵ľ룬ˮУһж֮¡


2035 ͻʥ
ۣ
߶ǧͼҶ뿪֮󣬲δ뿪̫ԶʮĿռ䣬߶ϢȻȥӦΪⳡսҲҪڰйע
ֽ֪γɵͻȻϯڿռ֮еҶȣ֮˱˾У֮⣬Ȼͬ˺ѣִѪۣһſһѪ
̫˼ˣԶҶʵ벻Ӧа֣˿²Χ
κʥ֣Ҳγ˾Ӱ죬Ƕں֮Ľ֣һγɵԻ֮ġ
ˣҶȻǼ߶ǧͼ𽥿
ºͨҪסˮǿߣǺǺܸնɱģ
һ֮
Ӧа˭ûռϷ磬аƺҲӦ鲻ˣұΪ֮ϵġ
аԵ޼ɵģҪС
аӵȷҪף½ظޱߣߣ״̬£ɱһٸҲ׾٣ӦӦ
ǽ㣬ȴҪ
䣡
˵꣬аֳˣͬһƣһƣ·γһɹޱߵС
ಣ
һɱӦȴƾʧһ

޷Ӧ֮£Ӧͳаʳָһ㣬аĺ󱳣а󱳱̳һѪ˱ֱӺɣʧڰա
࣬ɶ࣡
а˺ѷεĲҽУҲ벻һν֣Ӧսƽ֣ǽڶν֣ٶȻʵӦ֮£ֿʸҲûУܵóס

֮⣬Ҷ벻ſսͼ˲˼һĻӦ̫ǿˣ״̬£ֻһа
ȿȣ
ӦһͻȻص£ϥ£վȴûжƵġ
ಣ
ԵģҪʱͻȻһӰǴ߶ǧͼҶȣҼʱĸ첲վ
㻹ûߣӦȻһЩ
ʦ£ܶ뿪𣿡ΣܵӦƣҶͷζΪӦҲ
ܺãܺã꣬ȻﵽҵΪŽλʵҲﵽʥ۷壬ⱲӣӦҲûа׻һأϣʥ֮£߳ȥޱߵ½
ʦҸطǰõõһϹűӵк޸ܰʦָ
뿪˵
Ӧ鲢δԵжˣֻǵЦЦҶһ⣬ҲȻܣֻЩţ仹˻ǱԻڵ
ҶȲ׼ôǧͼ
ˡ
ͻأ䣬Զˮ磬һ
ǣ
Ӧ鵱ӦʲôͻȻ¶ģѸײڶ֮ƣһҶȼ򣺡ֻأ
һƣֱҶƾƸһʧûκηӦ
ͻ
һֲâҪɫͻȻˮˮ᳤ֱ֮ӹڲ֮еӦ顣

̲סٴһѪɫâ֮ʣһĳʱֳһֻذУɫâҲ
䣡
һзڵʯγײ
ɫâֻͬУԼӦ飬һͬˣڸ߿ղϺƣӦһ챻֮˺һ㣬Ѫơ
ȫ߶ֻͨɫâ󲿷ͬתҶһ㣬תƳȥˣһЩǻҵֵҲﵽļޡ
֮
Ӧ鱻˰ŻɫâʧͣʱӦȫѪҶҲ޷һ£Ưڰգɫâķ
ͻȻһ޵Цƿռ벻֮Уȸ֣ĻղŸ»ⱾͨӦǡʮʥذɣ
㣬Ӧţʹضһ¡
Һ壬ͦ˽ģаҵˣ֮ˮҲǱһͳأҲǱˣһ࣬ҵļſڣɱɱɺͳ
벻ܴӱһ£Ҳ˶ˣ͸㴦µʱ䣬ҺǲƵģһ죬ᱻҺɣΪããˮ磡
ɭɭЦȻʧɫâҲһɾﶯʧ
ȴ֮Уʵǿ󣬿¾ǴҲĶ֣âһʵ
ۣ
Ӧ԰׵̾̾ҧأһѪ˼£ûʶƵģ˫΢գҪ絹¡
һ콾ҲữΪ׹ǻ
ǰ
ʦ
ۿҪԵ֮С
ӰӦǰƬգƶҶȣҲһµľ޾ˣ˼ͬʱңסӦĸ첲

ӦƤ΢΢һûκζ·˯һ㡣
޾Ԫǰ
ʦ
ҶȽӴӦֱʱѸоӦѾ˺ѡ״̬֮УѾ˿ԪѾıԵ
ǰ뿪
߶ǧͼ޾˵ͷ֮󣬻һ£˱Ӧʧڸ߿գȻգۣ֮һʯȺϷ
һδδ󣬾ʮδ֮Ҷ޾˱Ӧ飬ȻʯǸһɭ֡
޾ҶȵͨǼԪó䣬Ӧ£һԵҶȣҲӦӦƣ취Ӧһ
ͬ޾һ㣬ҶȰԼڣԼӺʬڣעӦڣķ֣ӦΪΪ̫ߣ̫ߣĳ̶ȣԽҶȰٱҲҶȸԼһҲֻǴﵽӦٷ֮һ
̫Сˣ
Ӧ飬ǽӽĴڡ
ɶ񰡣ΪҵΪֻһλ񣬶ǾŽλ񡭡
һ֮󣬾޾˸ԼŬǻδӦ˿ת
ǰʦܼһʱ䣬Ҳ״̬ҪͻʥȻ߾һҲҪʦȻ
ٿȻҶվתһ׵ɭְա
ӦΪ̫ˣΪҶûκΰգ߶ʮΪҲҪܳʱ䣬֪ûãĿǰֻʵٴߣﵽʥ񣬲ܶһְա
֮óת飡
Ӧ鵱ʱҶҲǸ̾벻Ӧı󣬷Ҷıϡ
ˣ
⿪תϵķӡ
ʱޱߵԼٴδҶȵڣгҶԼҲɸܿ죬ʹﵽ˾Žλ۷塣
žŹһ
߶ӡ֮ھſԴʼת໥֮䣬γһѭ״̬ͨҶȽӡÿһԴĽʧȻԴڵܿƣͬҰرը
ſԴըս磬ͬһɫ棬ſԴΨһڵľſźǣԴը˴𺳵Ӿйۣͬڷըȼһ㡣
ÿһԴըҶȴشԪԿƣҾſԴըҲڲս𵤡


2036 λʥ
Դһըͱᣬɹʥ
Ψһĵģ
תӡռϺƺƵӿͬԡȫҶﵽһںϼµ״̬
õҶȾͿȫȫͻʥԴ
ŴԴһһը֮󣬽ûκεԴֻӡӤԼѪ
ҶֿʼٴӡѽɾſԴը֮γɵʼһ
ģΪһӴԾ˵ٶСҶҲ߶һԸȼա
ܿ죬ΪһߴСԴ״
ᣡ
ӡһҲҶȴ߶ӿ֮Уӡ£ٵתȻͳ̵ּĽ磬Լӡ
Դɹᣡ

ոɹձӿ˵ơ
ˣ
ʥ٣Ǵӵͼ߼ѵһء
ϢƬ̣ڶҶȸ٣ת鲻Ըʮİա
ͣ
ܿ죬һ٣ŸΪһ籩˺ѰתȻٶ¡
޽
ҶƯ𣬵һҲϷָһʮ޽ײһ
һʱγɾ˵Ķռ䣬ҶԼҲܣ٣һٺܿͱ޽顣
Ȼ־벻ɽߣƺ˸־ڶ٣գ۾ͻΪȻ¡
Ҷ޽ֻγͨС͵Ľ󣬵н󣬶ʱͱתһʧ
ɽ˵֮ػӦԱߵľ޾ˣҲɿƯڰеҶȣҶȶɽٷʽΪţԹ˭ˣӵֱӻٵҲȥֱս١
Ǽˡ
ҲҶͬʽֱٶԿ
ǵĵߵڰ˵١
ҶȶֱӶԿʽռݾƣһ٣һһֱھŵ٣ĽΪŵµĻ籩ٶ
һΣҶǿ״̬һץɿµĽ籩ھŵ淢µײ
һʱ䣬ضԼĵͬŤУγɴ籩һ׿ռ䶼ǣеĻ̶ȣҲﵽŽλʥ̶ȡ
ģ籩ʧһԪٶ¡
ҶԪ֮£һθоζԪƣ壬ͬʱתʣɲϱ
תֱӴһλλʥ⡭
ܵ״̬Լת̶ȣתλʥ
ʱҲżֻܼӿٶԪոͻƴĿ飬ͨת飬ԼҶԼؿʼᡣ
ִӾ֮УոոıԴ
ԴӿҶڣȾԪںϣﵽ˼ĵزָо־ΪҶ
Ҳʼ飬ԪʧҲʧ
תٶȣҶҲԿƣֻǰʱ䣬ʥƽת飬Լӿ£ٶȺܿˡ
һתһλʥ۷塣
һɭ֮С
޾һǺͣԼӦڡ
ӦΪ̫ǿˣԼʵﵽŽλ۷壬޾˲һλ񣬾ֻǲ಻ʮʵȴʮӦ鴦ԵʱͬΪľ޾ˣȻҲ޷Ӧ顣
ǰһ棬޷ﵽĸ߶ȡҪǿĻȥ㿴ҶΪ㣬ͻʥ񣬻ڳ֮У
ʥأͬţЩʦְɣҪֿҶȣ̶̤ʥ񾳽磬Ǻεȶľη
޾̫Ӧ黽ѣģֻȫԸȻ΢ᾡΪ
һȴҶ
һ취ת
һҶٶȡ
תĿռ䣬ƮˣҶֿȻҪﵽһλ۷塣
ϣǰʵԽǿһ֣ԽܰӦ顣
ּһЩԴһ߾ߺӣڵӡ֮Ѿ̤ʥûжЧ
λ
ȥ
Ҷᷨӡȫӿս֮С
ʥ񾳽Դ̫࣬ͬһҫۣԼӤѪڲͣգ
ˣһĽѪβһֲ꣬ӦԴ֮УȻһźʮӣһͬԴںϣһǿڿʼԶգ޸
ѪҶͻȻһӦİ취Ѫã֪ģȻȲʮ٣κ˵䡣
ҵʮѪӣöųĽѪ
ᣡ
һڽ룬ΪԪ󣬲һ֮Ҷͣӡ˫һϣӡʼƣԪתΪһŽӲӵԴ
ڶԴ̤˶λʥ
֮ͻƣҪΪԣȹඥת飡
ʱʼ飬Ҷת飬ҪʱתռͻȻһɻ棬ʧˣһȼգתҲΪ˻ҽ
תҶȶɹѹأΣǰ̤ʥʵӦ顣
£ûת£Žӭ飬ʱҶҪģȫﵽλʥ
Ե߶ͨ壬뱾룬Ͻ֮Уһͨ
ӤȻʥ񣬸ͷһ룬ڿҲģˣ
֮УҶ۲仯ˣɼӦ㻹̫Զ֮УγɵӰ඼һαøֻϢӰҲ˴Ǹӣɻ޷峤ࡣ
ȻӤ
ǲ֪һһӤͷ仯һ룬ȻȭͷôСڸɫ֮£СߣϵɫҲؼеٶȣǰӿ˼
Ӥڵĸ߶ȣӦڹһͨ⣡
һĺϢһѪҲ仯˲١
ûи˶ãޱȵҪģǾȫӦɹΣ
ͨԼ򡢲¯һ飬Ȼ޷ﵽԲ߶ȣѾӵжλʥĸ߶ȡ
øӸ߽׵ķ𣬼ڻӤΧֱԴбٶֻ߲١
ӤغصɽĹؼ֮ء
ಣ
뿪Ѿȥʱ䣬⻹Ҷٶ֮£ͨںϣͨ䣬һǧͼһ񵤡
ſ죬ѾնɸɾԶλʥʱҶȲ֪Լĸıж
߸ӵޣľңԶֻߡͨ塢塢߶о˵ı仯
ವһ޾ߡ


2037 
ʦ£Ҷ޾׵
޾΢΢ۣҡͷʱֻܱסϢǰЩ꣬Իӿ١Ѫ֮УԪǣˣҲֻά״ˣ
ԣ
ĬƬ̣飬޾ӦһƤഥĿĵѪۡ
ѴﵽıԵǿһһ顣
ˣ
Ӧ壬ΪˣһʧˣͬƵģھһˣӦսᡣ
̫һ͸ӦƤ⡢Ѫ֮УȻоһɾ˵ŶͷųŶѾӦÿһѪ֮УҪ٣Ҳˡ
þ˵
벻һУ޷Ԥϵĺ߻ħҲԪ䣬綾ȴǿֲĻ
һ˽֮Ҷ֪̫һҲ޷ΪӦ龻Ϊ̫һŴﵽλʥ߶ȣӦѾ۷壬΢ͬˮн
ֻԼ԰ԼϾ޾ǰٶҪ򱶡˽⵽Ӧ
ҶСѣ޾˼Ҷջʵ
ʦ̫ǿ󣬶̫Сˣ
зӣ취
취һǰõǼϱһգΪʦգҪǰʦ
û⣡
޾˹Ӧ
ᣡ
õ޾˰Ҷȸ˼ְա
ʼӡԻΪ𽥵γһӣȻѪС
ⱦǣǿҵ޾һֱ棬Ҷʲô취ԼֶΣѪʶȻ֪ѪĲͬΨһ䱦ɫš
Ѫʮʥõģ
ʥǴ¼Ҳ˵Ǻƻｨһأͨһͨˮͨʮ֣ⳡΣ벻Сѻõ챦
һжǻԵ
ҶȼӡͬʱΪýѪӦԴԼںϣҶȻʮΪԴѪںϡ
ˣӾ֮УһִԴں֮Уʮ١ԴԼҶǷںϣ𽥵ĴﵽһƽȻ״̬
һԵľ޾ˣϣ¶һ˿ЦݣСѹȻǲţˣӵӣ
ǰҪ
ţҶȱ˫ְӦ¸Ϸ
޾˵߶һλӿҶ˫֮УҶȶʱվ޾˵ʵﵽ˶λʥ۷壬ʵѾ񣬿Ⱦ޾ˡ
ˣ
ӿʼ͸Ӧ¸֮УҶȸӦǿֻϢڽ֮еǾͿŴŽλԴѾʧȥ˹󣬵ҶȰӣעһԴ֮У߶֮󣬵һԴʼζ
ԭӦſԴΪľ޷ƣһգѾһ֣״̬ᶯһ£Ҳתһ£ʱҶȴ߶ӣĳҶ޾˵ʵ͵ڴӦ߶Դ
Դ˶˵Ҷ޾ϵڿʼջ
Դ˶Чǲ̫ԣһУҶȶϵˣϾҪС߶Ӧǿ󡢸߶˵Դ죬ֻȴ
ȥԴԽԽˣҶ޾Ѿľ˵ԴԽԽԴӡ磬ȻʼתʹҶ޾Ŭڳɹˡ
ԴתʹԴƿأҶ޾˶ԣ̫ѹ
ģԴڲѾԽѪΪԴڶ˲ϧȫ£ѪΪ룬ԴԶӿѪ֮УԴһЩӿѪ֮ʱ㱻̫һԼʮٵɣںϣΪԴ
棡棡
޾ɿ˫֣ƣ̬Ǵʱȴ¶ͻЦݡ
ҶҲοЦЦһжƿ֮У̫һʮ١ԼѪ̫аգӦ˵ȻЧֻЧ԰ˣҶһˣЧͲԣо޾˰һЧ
ԴתʼӦȫֹͣѪԼģӦȫʼԴѪʼͨԪӦȫѪ⡢֮У̺ʼ޸
Ӧ΢ϢԽǿʢںܿ죬ȫԪԼϢӦʼơ
Ҷ˿ƾϾ޾ˣڸӦϣӦûΣգΨһȱģҪԼ޸
ǰǿߣϣҺþȻˣ޾Ҳһ亹
лǶˡ
ǾŽλƣ״̬£ȻԪ񣬷һ΢
ʦ
ǰ
Ҷ޾˼Ӧ飬һ·˯Ƶģ˵Ƕ˿Կ϶ӦʶȻʼˣˣ˵ģǲ
ţӦַһ΢ҶȣꡭŵѴﵽȻʥأҪȥһƧ֮ػָǵҵĻƴʥأ
ʦ
벻Ӧ黹ܿʶҶһӦûˣҶȻóӦЩֻ֪£˵ļһ֪һһ̣ı䡣
ãӦҲû˵һ仰Ϊ˻ָѾʶйۡ
Сѣǰ˵ĵطպ֪ȻˣǾ½رԵʱշţúûȥɣչŵ̨ˣ֮ĵѾ֣ѳֻ⣬Ժ֮Ҫһʱˣڣ
޾ͷһӡӦ飬Ȼ󻺻ããˮ
ƯգþӾ޾ʧķ򣬺һſʼó䣬ʱԲ繫ӡԼӷĴһӿ
繫ߣʱ뿪֮ģһˮڼƻع麣֮ģˮ¿繫Ѿ˿סھ
˹ҶȵİΣҶлӦ֮ҶȻȥһˣڻȥʺϣ˭֪֮ʲôԼֵܻûѰڵʵѾɵֵܣֻˮһ󶴸ǿߣа
аǵŰɣҴɽع飬ʱٴ̤ⷽˮⷽ
Ҷ޷аǿͷҲµսĿ꣬Ȼӷ
ӷѵ֪֮ķĴ£һʱҶû£費ҪҶȺܸл־棬˶ɵ壬ܵһʱġ
ֻܸ֪ʱҪˣ뿪֮ģһָȥ׷
ȻҲž뵶ūˮع顣
Ϊ˰Ӧ飬һһգ¾޾Ҳòȥ֣ǿӦ飬۷ǿߣôǿ󣬻һ񣬻ʥҶ޾˵޸ˡ


2038 عʥ
һ£뵶ūͳͳع飬ҶôһУһصʥأһ߶ǧͼʼ
ʮ֮Ҷͣ´Ϊǰʥء
꣡
Ǹ߲񣬵Ѿʥ񣬴ʱʥأֻĸо뵽һФ̤ʥʱһĻʱİģѳΪһӣǰеʥأҲǰء
ֻһۣͿʥأжٽ磬Լжٵʥ֣ԼФĪȸ߲㣬ҲӦԾ磬һЩй棬йʵͬţ٣ܸӦ
λӰ̫ϵӣܸӦһ
عϢȴΪ޵ģ˛ˣ˸оʥ񣬵ȴųԽʥĲ
ؾȣΪӦعˣҶȲŶʥʧȥ黳𽥽ܣȫܡ
ʩչԽλʥǿ󡭡
ҶȻصʥ֮⣬һʱͻᱻФĪȸ߲Ӧ޷ӦΪҶȴʱ״̬ﵽʥ۷壬Լĸ߶ȣʵ¶˲ٸ߲㡣
ǿƻع飬Ȼ󲨣һᴫʥأϢѹڶλʥ״̬
ֻФϲʥشҶȣˣ꣬Ϸ֮ǰʱ䣬ٸʥϷ򿴿ʲô仯
Ҷȵ߶ƣȻͽʥ֮С
֮ϤһĻĻ꣬һжûб仯
ؾȣԼΧӵԼҶȸӦ̫ͬϢ
صԼӢӼҶȶʶһЩӣϳ䶯һʱɽŵӡ
ǲʶǧǰɽĴ֮һҶʦܣǰӻڵ겻Ӱ
ѽ꣬оΪҲǿʲôţ
˭˵ɽķߣţ
ΧţҲڣ·ҪҶƵģ侭ӢྫӢӶмҶ
ɹĵԼ̫ϵҶȾͼʥɽ
ɽ£һɽ֮ۡ
ⲻҶʦ𣿡
ոʥǰһϤպôһഫ
Ҷ˲͸Ӧ֪ϤһˣԾתͼԾ緢뼸ͬŴҶʦ֣
һɨԾΪѴӵĽλв񣬾У̤ŽλвٶҲܾˣֲԾ£͸ţΪϾҪ̤ϲ񣬳ΪӢӡ
ڻؾȣҶԾҲѣҶ󣬻Ρ
Ҷʦܣ⼸ôһֱ㣿ҲκεϢԾ뼸ӣҶǰϲʵ
һֱҩҶ΢Цش
ҶֵѽǵӣƳʲôҩҪǣһеЦǺǵ˵
û⣬ʦ֣ȥϣҶȲϲЩķ֮ˣԾ֮󣬴򹬵
ʦ֣㿴ӣƺܵ⣬һʦ
ղ̧̫ˣ뵤ż꣬ܶƳ񵤣ܰɣ
˵ˡ
ԾɫһԵúܲˣƳһҶȵıӰ֪꣬Ҷ˽óƵ񵤣ͬԻؾȵһλӡ
ˣڴʱΪǣܾܣ¶Լġ
ǻģͿʲô䡣
ҶſڣתԾԶȥıӰΣԾʵϽͬţڣȴһںݣںλ
Ҷʦܣ
Ȼʥ߳һӡ
һҶȣԴһݲãʩ
½ʦ֣
ҶҲʩͬҲ벻½ᣬصʱҶʩչͨܵһͬš
벻ǶλвѾλвʻǱȲԾ
½ȻûҶȴ裬ʩ֮㲻˵뿪
Ҷʦܣҽȥɣ
һʥӣ߳Ҷʩ񣬲ҶȽʥʥ֮Ȼæµġ
һռ䣬ҶȾ͸ӦФڣһռڣһڣФϷպ̧ͷ
ãããҶȣ꣬㾹Ȼ̤˶λʥ񣡡
Ǹ߽λʥǿߣһ۾ͿҶΪ״̬üæӭҶһ¡
һФһֱ֮С
֪꣬Ҷ뿪ʱϲ񣬿һתۣҶȾȻ̤߲ھȻʥΪصʥء
ʲô漣ʷϣҲδֲֿٶȣ
ϣʲôԵĵط𣿡ҶȼФһ󶼲˵һֱͷǿĿ⣬ǸӦҶȵʵȻ֪һ
ФФδˣ㣬Ҿ֪ǲģȴҲû뵽̶꣬㾹Ȼϲ̤ʥ񣡡
һжʦĹͣ
ӦʦȻҲɷ񶨣أˣӦʦɺãһͬˣ
ܺãܺãʱºܳʱܻʦ٣Ҳ޷գ
ǵǣԪЩˣټ˵ŵĵӣͻȻصʥأд󲿷ͬŶʶͺãͺã
Фһ̾Ϣ֮󣬵߶һӡֿҶȣ뿪ʱûΪµʽˣʽȻҪеģŵһʥǿߣǴ¼
ಣ
գۼ䣬һֶҶϤĪȻ󷽵ĳϣʮˣֻһ룬Ҷ
ţҲһЩߣ֮С
ʥ񣡡
ǼҶȵһʱ׷¶ŵĿ⣬ʥҶȺȻһʥͬȵĴڡ
ôܣ
꣬һ½ʥأǧµͨӲŶԣ
߲޷ǰʵ꣬Ƕԣ죬ԽҶȴϲ񣬳Ϊʥ̫˼
˵޵ãʥصŵӣ˷âѾǹʥأʥأΣ
ǰʥأҲڳһ֧δĵӣҶȲǺĳĪڴʱ˿̣ļ֤£Ҳšʵ
ΪʥصĳϣһȻǳģ˶ͬҶȣͬʥصδ
Ӳ粻ʦڣ̵Ҳȳɾͣ˶Ϊ֮ӣҶȣͬһȻȻ
Ī̾꣬ãһӵλ֮ĿˣĸҶȣȴݵģǶ
λҶȻΪʥӣǾʥصĵӣҪϸһ
Фʾô£Ҷص£ФҶȳΪµʱʥظûΪκʽ
ʱ̫æҶû뵽Ӧʦ֡ȷʵΪҶȾ¡ضʢʽ
ҶڲµӣһʥĵӣֱӳԽʥص̫ϵӣÿһʥأʥӵشʽҲҪ㷢
ǱģʥأǵһʥصӣҲֵʥˣ
߲ǶԼ󛕷Ҳ˵ˡ


2039 ʥ
ҶȾں󷽣ʽҲһҪԵģУҲںǾеĻ֣䶯ʮ
䶯ܶЧӦλȨȵȣҪЩȴЩԴ
һ֮󣬛˵ʽҪеģʽβһξУҪ㷢һҪ룬¾ôˣ
ҶȣҪĪҶȣ߲Ҳ׷Ӷ
ûκҪʥһоߣӶȻܣڸ߲ڴҶԵƽ
²żҺúһʱ䣡
پһڸ߲ɢȥ
ȴʾҶһ뿪ФڵĶռ֮󣬛˵һӡɲǴҶȣһǳռ䡣
ռ䣬뵱ҶʦʱڵĿռ࣬ʥ롣
˿Ҳһǿ񣬶ұȾ޾ҪǿٱΪ̤λʥҶҲڸӦ˲Ϣ
޾ˡӦĽӴ飬ȷһ񣬻һ
˴ҶǿտռȻ䣬һֳȻ󛕷˿ҶȣʥҪ㣡
ʥ
ʥأǿĴڣҲʥص䣬Ҷ벻˴ҶҪ䡣
ˣ
Ҷʾśˣһͬʩ񣺡ӭʥ
ÿ

֮УɳһǿֻϢӰ
ȻӦ飬ӵеֻϢﵽͬĸ߶ȣ
ӦΧϢ仯ҶȾͶʵ˴ŵĹȻӦƿֻͨﵽ߶ȣôӦΪӦò࣬Žλ£Ӧòᳬ
ҶȸܵռϢ
Ӱһһ߳Ҳʮ꣬㣬һݰƾǸѰĹˣΪûаԵѣҶ֪ΪﵽȻںϵĸ߶ȣŻӵеȻо
䡣
һƤ󻬣磬һ׳ۣ֮УԲεͼڣЩͼڣֻϢֻۣͨɡ
˫հ䣬ûаһǿƣȴһȻζ
俴Ҷȣ˫ͫûʲô쳣ֻһӣ¶΢ЦʦܵĸȻûа׷ѣҶȣҲûйʦܵĺ񰮣ܴϲ̤ʥѵʷϣδй漣
ʦ࣬û컯Ҷɴݵʩ
ţҴϣֹ֮УȻһ֣ؾеһݴţ
ǵһΣҶ棬һ⣬޵ִǣ̵ĵģʮ̫һ䣬޷Ტۣ㲻ɽ磬ɽ磬Ҳİɣ
ûоͲг
ҶȵĴȻװģȻȻͨӵеġ
֣ô᲻
Ҷɽֻһͼ磬磬Ӿɽһͳһ磬Ҳɽһͼ󣡡
̫ǫˣҲСɽ磬ԹȵȻһγɽ硢Լɽĺ嫣ӵеҲȥСӵ˼˼
俴Ҷȵһӡ󣬷ǳһޡ
߳䣬ãҪΪҶȾ¡ʽ¹֮
ǱģҲ֪ʥǨʮԪδҶţȷҪʮ֪Ҫúȥ죡
䵱޳ɣֿҶȣͫͻȻ˵һα仯Ҷȣʦںη
ҶȾ㵵䲻֪
Ǻǣʦܣ޾˭֪ʲôΪµӣǰȫûףͻȻͷˣ
䣡
Ҷɫһ˫üᡣ
仯Լˣöʲô鷢
Ҷȵں֮У´
뛕˶ˣ£ԺҲ֪ʵǰ˵ֻǰѴ˵ˣֶΣȴࡣ
øҶȣ벻㻹ܳΪ֮һĵ֮ıҲȥΣӦЩߣȷ򵥣һвֶΣֲпỷ£ɳʦ
Լ˶ھþõĴ֮У벻Ҷں֮ģ֮ĥѡ
ʱ˲⣬ҶһΪʵҪԼŬ
أʵ
ֵܴв£ɱ뺣֮ģӲΪһ˵Ĺͬû͵ϮūԳǣߣả֮ѹǵȴ⵽׷ɱңһ󶴸ǿߣ
󶴸
ɫҲһüͷ󶴸ʵ̫ǿˣΪۿҪͻʵ֮ǿ˵ʮһʥصʥֵģûжˣҲֻʥصĴʤʵ
ҶȽŵǿΪаҲǴﵽܸ߾ĴڣвҺʦʱֳֻУа˭Ҳ벻Ϊ԰ȫ뿪֪ͻȻңԶˮʩչһʦһ˿⣬Ӧԣˣʦһѣʱ֣ʦǰˮˣҲͶԻعʥأ
ʦǴо綾״̬ǿ⣬ɡ
һģЩ
һ䣬Ҷ뛕ǰʧ̬ȴҶ뛕ˣԵһ棬ӶӾ塣
ģʦµģҪܳʱָҶȼæһ䡣
ôöԸģҲᣬһˮꡭ
һᣬɫ𽥻ָҶȣȻְסҶȵĸ첲ĳ˵ĪʦܵһƬ⣡
Ҷǣ
ְʥػкܶŵģʥҲǣغܴ󣬴ﵽʥ񣬲һµĿʼʦܣֻٰľϸҶȣѵõʦܴľðŹ£Ƹ񣡡
򛕷˽һ䣬ȻתͲˡ
Ҷȹͣôһμ棬ҶȴϣоӦ顢عӵеʥ߷緶
岻ѣͬҲֵѧϰ
뿪ǳռ䣬˵Ķռ֮УҶ¡
ֻľǱŹ棬ֻʥӿУҲÿʥӶУҪͨɸѡͨҲһһյģûһʼֻľӦʦ֣㣬ʥأδйģ
һҶڿɲǿΪǵ֪Ҷں֮ĵΪͬҶȣֵ㲻ģڶʣ
˵ҶȶֻľĲ󣬳ô˻ᣬ򛕷ȡֻãʥ£ûȣǶֻľ˽⣬ȴȲϺ߲ܶ㡣
ͬʱҶҲ뛕У֪Ϣ
ΪԪϸԪȡӦΪʥʥӶʥԪһʢ֮·
ܳΪʥ䣬ȷǲҶ
֮ҶȲ뿪ʥõܶջ񣬶ֻľԼѧµ


2040 ֻعȾ
뿪ʥҶȸоʥأûΪĻع飬κα仯ӼҶȣҲδϳɽķߡ
ؾȡ
عΪƺ޷ȷʥǣ
ûлصҲδȥطݣʱûȥ֪ΪΣ뵽˻ؾȣ뵽ع
ؾ֮⣬ҶѸӦعڣȻᣬ뿴عΪȴûгɹΪع·ҲʲôͨһϢصͷǺΪ
һϤˮҶȣɣ
޷ӦعΪԷӦĵʥصϹŶһǲĴڡ
ؾȣҶȸӦʱӣǰϤǧʱ䣬ǻʱӣ޷ΪʽӣҲнһˣؾȵһ˷ǵĴ
꣬ؾȣҲһʱӣڣǧʱ䣬ͳΪϵʥڵͼġ
ģΧ
һֻһµعֶƽؿգǰǸµζ
ʦ֣Ҷ£ȭ
벻̤꣬ʥ񣡡
عͫ˸οҶ£߲㲻Ϊ׼ʽʱӦúæ
ʽֻһʱûȥ뵽ؾȣͻˣ
ؾʥأļңӭʱڿ㣬ʱ˼ֳ㻹ҪУʥǿ˵𲽣
عﶯ䣬ȻҶȵѡˣκİζҶƷոȲ衣
һߺȲ裬һģʱգ۾͹ĺܿ졣
ҶȾڵҲ֮Ϣعʱʱȥһߣʱʱ֮УҲвٻؾȵӣΧΧۣ뿴ǧʱ䣬뿪ؾȣΪʽӵҶȡ
Ҷ˼кǣȫԴָ
ΪӦӿʼҶĵüˣһ·Ҳֻǻָһ֣ʱ䣬ȫָɸ֪ͻָˣΪҲѾﵽλʥ߶ȡ
ַͨ壬䣬ʼͨһͻƣΪ˰ӦΣգܶ෽涼δϸϸо߹Ҫĵںϣͨ
ͻƶλʥ컯ȭֻͣʽδµı仯ֻأĪĹϵ
仯ģԼӤ
ҲҶĿǰǿĵ̣ӤѳɳΪ࣬ģСһڲϱ仯յıԴбԽ࣬仯ԽˣΪҶΪߣԴٶҲӤһֲ״̬
ڵ״̬Ҷȵ귵عʱֱ֮ʱڵӤ״̬ܵʱܳԳɹںϹķ㡣
ӤȻɳ㣬ҪʼѰ
ӤֻͨţӤʼ
𣬵ǿԳΪӤ֮Уϵʣ½ľˮϵЩͼӤȻҪУȻΪģҪﵽĸ߶ȣϧʮȻľϵǴľϵҪӤܳʮ
ʱԷΪˣϵɹӦϵһԴʦ㣬Ӧ׼ȷ˵ǵʦ࣬յǴϵҴɽ翪ʼɹѪԴ޷룬ˣӤҲȽףٱ
ϳ֮ҶȾʼҲҪУҪǽӤУӤӵһУȻҲҶӵеġ
ǻϵԲķ壬ɹص࣬ϵһӤͿ
ʣµѰңԻϵϵΪ
̣ͰѷԼ⣬׷״ӤڣţԺ
ɹΪ൱Ŵʦ㣬̫ʼ뿪ɽ磬û֪ʯȻһһ㣬ҪУȳʦ㣬Ȼһսʱɹ˵Ҫã
֮ҶȲŰͨзʽӤԺ֮УţԼӤڵķ⣬ӤһձԴбһ濪ʼͨ
ٶ̫ˣͬ˸տʼ棬ϾͨͨţӤҪһϤĹ̡
Ӥ֮Ҷϸϸ鿴ʡ
оģģܣҶȿ԰ʵ˲ıһĻᣬⶼֲ壬˾׵ĸõԪʼ񣬿¶֮͡
ϧģԼ
˲Ϣ뵽ϴаһĻʱ߶ģҲ޷ŤתǬԸаΪ̫ͣа̫ǿˣҲҪܵһġ
ǶʣҶȵʱ߶ģǿ濹ġ
ӰˣΨֻӰǿģ
ߣҶӵԴ߶ߣֻϣֻܲӰУ
ԴҶȣɽݺ޵У磬ҶȺʩչߣһ㶼ôߣУΪƣǿֲͨĲ㡣
磬ҶõʾߣȻߣʣҶȶʩչҪ̫СʩչЧҲԣб¶ĿܣаҶǴ߶ʣ޷Ťת棬ᱩ¶
ԼߣҶʩչҲû˿ԿԴ˵֮еʣҪԿռͨΪҶʩչֻ뵽տռͨˣ벻ߡ
û뵽ʡ
Ǿʩչߣ磬ֻǵ֮أû˿ĳԺûУ֮УΨ޷뵽йصġ
ߣҶҲֻУֻͬһģС磬𲻵á
Щ꣬ҶȾܰѸƿأ߷ֲϵģдϣͨ򣬱øס
֮𣡡
Ư̫ҵҶȣȻһץ
гһ͸޵ë
Ǵ𣬵ǿĹ֮һ
ЩԴߵãҶȺҲͨʵ֮𣬾ô̬ͨ
֮Ǵ֮ˣһͿôֵ֮Ĺ̬罣֮ͻʩչ½𣬴֮Ҳᱬ
õĸ߶ȣҶѾ˴𣬰Ѵ֮ﵽ߶ȡ
ˣ
ھ֮еҶȣͨԺȻһ

ԭ֪عţںδҪһۡ


2041 粨
ʥأϵõͬţָӤҲʼҶȾȥ
ᣬѼعټ
Ҷһ֮򵤻
вٵϳҶȣҲһʱ֣һֱ֪ҶȵֶΣͶҶհһƨҲҶȿϼ䣬ǳ˼ʹϵ
꣬Ҷ뿪û֪ȥʲôЩ̲סںۡ
ǺǣһΪҶж಻ˣʧ⼸꣬ĪǴﵽ˸߲񣿡
ʲô߲ҸղŸӦϢʲôûУϲûﵽһʽӣ
˵ô˼ûڳһ߸ϵļӣʦֺöˣ
ЩӶš
Ϊڱˣ˾Ͳ֪ЦǣҶȾǲҲÿ仰һ
ҶʦܣǣЩ˰Ͳ˺ãҶȱһϵȴһҶȡ
ҵΪµӣ߲㲢δ´֪ʥ£
һЩӵҶȾˣ⼸꣬Ī͹ȥˡ
ֵ֮󣬺ܶʦ֡ʦܶ㣬ûɶõģܶ˶˳ǣ
ϲʦ֣̤λϲ񣡡
ҶĻЩˣעΪ˲٣ƺλϲ񣬶ȥѾ̤λϲ
ϲֽٶȣѾǺܾ˵ģҲһ߲Ѿߡ
Ҷʦܣ
ٻӰȺԼϵõǣ
ͬӣֱֱȥƺҲЩڱҶȣԹɤӣ
Ҷʩλʦ㣡
ѽ㣬һҲȸҴϢ֪ܶҲ֪һһ֡
ʦܡ
ҶȸͣͻȻ͸ӦһϤϢ
ʦ֣
ҶΪɫ仯ʱΧӣ׷ߺ
ֻգӣϷط
ҶҲʩ
ƺ֪Ҷڵ󣬹¾Ҷǰ󷽻񣺡ҶʦܣˣӴԺҲǵ˰ɣ
ʲôǵ֪꣬ҶȳΪµӣԶҶȣѾûеǸԵĲм⣬ҶȻǿó٣ͬ꣬ͬߺŶĵӡ
ҶȻصʦܻǵӣʥһֱûԸҶǵһԱ
㶼Ϊµӣѵ󣿡ߡ
µӣ
Χ൤ӣƺҶȻӰ죬ȫϣϾǵ£λ֮ߣ̫ϵӶġ
˭֪⣬Ҷµʱеӣͬʱһ󾪺һš
Ҷȿڣֿңλʦܡʦû֪ɣǰҶ뿪ʱѾõʥһλϹŶУΪµӣʱѾ̤ϲ񣡡
һ߲㣬ڳ϶ҵŵԼ飬һ˽⣡һ벻Ѿ֪ô̤ϲʥؾͻҶȳΪµӣʥضĳŵ
֪Ӧò࣬绹֪ˣֻ˵ʥظ߲㣬˼ʹϵάĲ
µӣ̫ϵһ
ڳܶӻǵʼӶһı飬⡢𾪡ɣϼʡ
Ҳ벻ףΪβŽ뵤󼸰꣬ΪҶȣΪһܳԽǣΪ߸ϵµӡ
ݣҲµӡ̫ϵӲ࣬Ҳ˵Ҷֻ˼꣬ʹﵽ˵Ŀ꣬ΪʥصĴ
Уֻһ͵֣Ȼǻ벻ҶȾȻµӣŴƨˡ
ˣ
֮ʣͻȻڳÿӣԼϣһ֮ҶҲǡ
ƣ
ΪͻȻеӵƣ˶ҶŪףĪʥͻ£
Ҷһͬʱ߶ƣɲǣһϵ֮𣺡λͬţŵҶȣǰͨŬ̿УʥϹŶӦӦʦֿУΪµӣʱδʽ˴ΣϵҶϲͻƵʥ񣬳Ϊϵӣʥؾʮ֮󣬾ʢ¡صĽʽʥأͬţʮڱػعʥأ֤ͬʢ
ʥ
ʥ񡭡
ׯ϶µʧ֮󣬼ڳĵӣԺﶼʼıըʥⲻΰɣ
ʥ
ͨӣĴڣȻǵǰһϤ֮ˣ⻹ʲô꣬ôܣӸ߲̤ʥβеĿܡ
еٴӣѾ޷ݣ𺳵˼㣬磬·Ҳ֪֮ҶȣȻһʥ񣬳Խ¡
ӿʼڣһ仰Ҳû˵ڵ֪ҶȾȻΪʥ񣬸һҲ˵
ѣв̤˸߲Ҳһ漣ǱҶȣʲô
Ȼ䣬лɵĿ⣬Ϊ𾴣Լɵ֮ǰԴҶȵֿڵҶȣʥĴڣ̾Ҫʮ޲Ҹطȥ
ӦùϲҶʦܣ
գҶȹֱʾףء
ϲҶʦܣ
Χӷ׷Ǵҳһʥӣƨҵ
λʦ֣ʦ㣬ҶȻҶȣǲµӣʥ񣬶յҶȣ
죬ҶȳԳʥеĲơ
䣬ͨҶȵԼķ֣ԴʥأȻԴֶ죬ʥصԼʦţͬţԼˡ
˻һҲ¶ֲ֮ǰЩѹҶȵƣ벻Ҷѳͬǰ͵ҲһǿߣʵȻҲǿ߸еء
ΪҶֽкãҲ׷ˡ
ȺɢȥҶɽ֮С
꣬Ҵвò̤߲񣬶㾹ȻΪʥ񣬻ΪµӣֱӳЩӢӡĵԼ̫ϵӣ𣿡
ּСһڣʼھ֮С
Ҷƽĵʦ㣬Ī̫Щÿ˶Լ֮ʺҵģʺ㣬ԡ
ҲҪꣿ
֣޲øҶһȭ᲻ãðɣˣ벻ףұȲϵģٶҲȲ㡭
Ҳùϲʦ̤߲ʦڵӦôﵽܾ˵ĵز˰ɣ
ֻǿƳһЩ񵤰ˣ㡭ˣҲˣþģͷȫЩű߼ʵĶ
ֵʥÿͬŹ£ڿʼѾʥأ˶֪ľӣʮ֮ʮľ׷Žᴫ
ЩģֻУԼĵģ
ĵʲô
Ψҡ
Ψң
˵Щʦ㣬ûҿԽһЩ뿪ʥأʦܶЩˣ
ҶǽǹҪָ飬ŮӣѾˡ
ּСУʼ飬ʱʱͷһЩ𣬻ӡ


2042 泽ɽ
ʥʽڵصԼӢڵľӢĵڵĺĵԼ̫ϵڵ̫ϵ
ʥ
ȻԽ̫ϵڵ̫ϵҲʥصλá
Ԧ΢磬Խһ޴Ľռ䣬λӰ޵̫ϵڵ̫ϵʱҶڵڲռ䣬ǺĵӶ޷ĵطֻ̫ϵӣƬռߡ
ʥռĽ硢ơΧռ䶼ֻͬͨһУܽڲռУ̫ϵڵ̫ϵ
ಣ
ҶȿԽ̫ϵʥڵռʱͻȻ䣬һӰҲһ
ʥӣ
Ҷ˫üһѸܵһʥӣֻΪߣλʥּʥں֮ʱҶȲ֪նɱ١
ҶʥأһʥӣǰΪʽӣʸʥӣǲǶٶȾˣвϲ񡢸߲޷ӦǵĴڣ˵ֵ㣬Ǵ߾Ҳ޷
˿̣յشڣѱҶȸӦ
ǰҶȱȴФ˽ͬʱǵӰҲǰһλ߸ͷ׳˶ӣԼʮ꣬ٶ˧ȴӵһѵõӢ
ΪʥӸһֳʥƮζʥӡ
һ۾ע⵽ҶȣüһᣬȻһʦĪǾҶҶʦܣ
£֪ʦγƺ
ڵһʱ䣬ФʹϢҪΪȷ˭ײһʥӡ
־֮ɫһ󣬲űȭʦܱȴ֮УӾ޳ʦźƷ
ʦ֣ҶȵҲźƷһӡ󲻴
ʦڵ˽ɣʦʱûеõƣʦʦһ
֮ã
ߣ
źƷһЦóƣһҶȽ磬ǰһⰻȻ硣
ʥ֮أҲ೤ϡ߿յڵʥء
һ͸Ӧ缸Ҫ㣬ų屶֮࣬ʮԼǧ磬ǧʥеĵҲ˵ʥصʥǿߣǧϡ
ʮһʥأ뺣֮ģʮ죬ʥǿҲǼˣ½ʵ
ҶʦܣԵõ߿շҸϻ㣬ʥ˹û뵽ټ󲿷ֵӻع飬Ҽ֮Уûĸʥӣõ˵Ĵ
źƷҶȷɽ֮䣬ٶȲˣͬƽͥŲ
ʦԺҪʦֶ̣ʦ֣жʥӣҶǫʵ
й涨ﵽλʥ񣬾ͲУһλλʥӣӣԼ߰ٶ˰ɣ
λʥϵʦأ
ݣһְʥ̫ӴʦԵ󣿾˵˵ɣҲ̫࣬ʽ뵽еڣ֮УЩ֮ͨһﵽλʥ񣬾ͻḺ뵤صְ񣬵Ҳֺܶ࣬רŸɼҩģҲȪ̻ḺģҲѰϹģҲʥأؼģ
֪֮У֮һʦ֣ҲҲܸĵ󣿡
磿Ǻǣʦѽֻ̫ϵⵤ£̫ϵǲģЩӴﵽλҲᰲְ֮һҲ˽һЩŻҪʦԺҪ뵤ϵ
ԭˣ
ˣʦܿⷽ
˽֮У֮ʣȻһ磬Ư֮УźƷָŽܵˣʦ֮һҲʥأ֣ʦ֪µӣĵҩ󲿷ͬŷãﵽʥ߶ȵʦƵĵҩʥ񼶱ʦɶʥصĳ
֪λʦγƺ
벻ʥ֮УôΪ֪ĴڣҶ󷽵ɺʵ
ƣʦ֣ѾλʥΪҲʥأҪʦ֮һʥغϵ
ƣ
Ҷȼס֣֮󣬾Ҫ˴򽻵
Ҷʦܣ
ȻһӰֶһʥӡ
źƷ񣺡ʦ֣
ԭƷʦҲˣǹģҶʦܣǰ㣡Ǹʮ꣬òãҴ˵ѹ
ҶҲʩ񣺡ͷʦ֣
Ҷʦܣ鷽ʦ֣ĸˣҲճ£С¶Ƣɲãʦָ̤ѵĪˣпҵһ𣡡
Ҷ뿪źƷҶȴ
Ҷл֮鷽ҷ΢΢һɨͿ鷽һλʥ뺣֮ƽܡͬΪʵȴ޷ƽᲢۡ
ԼʱҶȾͼɭ룬һɽš
ңФ뼸߲㣬Ưھɽλá
߿գҶȾ˹Ӽλʦ֣
ФֵҶȣ㿴ɽΪĵΣ
Ҷȥɽܾ޴ֱﵽʮɽ߷廹мɽ壬й֣ƣһĵط
ɣż߲㣬ҶȽˡ
һ߲һЦǺãȻĵȡְɣҲü¼
ĬƬ̣ڼڴ£ҶͻȻ֣žɽһָͻȻһµ⣬ΪһʯͻȻڰɽֻʯ֮ģ泽ɽ
ֶΣ
˶ż־㵣벻ҶֶΣͨõȻĵز˿ռ
һԵ鷽ҶȵĿҲԲһˣҶȵʵѾõϿɡ
泽ɽ֣֣ҶȣʵҲòΪ磬ʲôҪҷʱúϢʱҪ״̬ʮ
Ф̫ˣȫοڽҶµƣȻżˣԼ鷽ƿ֮С
泽ɽ
Ҷ磬ӵеĵһ
һɽۣ֮Χɽ壬ȻʼӡΧռܿγһ磬泽ɽ֣ӡʥأҶֻںһЩӦͨС
һ˿ΪˣҲǰӦ
ǽ
Ȼÿģȡʯȡģʩչͨżطһץһ¡֮󣬺ܿ켸͵ˣڼɽ룬һأһ泽ɽлвݣҲˮ
ֻһʱ䣬ÿװһɽ֮ϵĹһϢһճ뵶ūϵԼơ硣
ūܿ촫Ϣǻмܻصʥأʱһż֮Ϣ
ڳ磬ҲܿлӦҲ֪ʥأҪΪҶȾнʽϢ˶μӡ
ҲãҶȾͲø֮Զصɽ
ʽ֮󣬱ҪʥҪһʱ䣬췣ۣ֮Ҳֻʱ䣬صɽ磬Ҳ๻ˣ
õϢҶȱĿʼɡ


2043 ʥصķâ
ʮ꣬ʿԼټʮ˵ֵһᣡ
ʥΧʮ䣬šʥء塢۹֣δϹʥɳӭӣĴԼʥǿߣи߲Լϲ
ҶȶһжӦʥأҶȵͨ󲿷ֳϣ֮ǰģҲֻϹŶԼָ߲㡣
ʥصĸʿҶȶѼǵҲӦһʥصʹߵʥɳʹ϶࣬Լ٣ʮ֮䣬еֻм˰ˡ
ʥ֮УҶδӴĲʥء
ʮʮһʥأʥءʥء̫ʥءʥءʥءʥءʥءԪʥءƽʥءʥءʥأҶȽӴģҲǰ˻ӽڵʥأԼڵĺʥأڵ̫ʥأԼеʥأԼʥء
ʥأİ
ûнӴʥصʢȴ£˭˲һʥصʵ󲿷ֶԽʥء
Ҫˣ
ܿ죬ҶȾ͸ӦԼϢǺʥء̫ʥʹߵˡ
Ҷ˴һϢȻ뿪泽ɽ
ʥ֮⣡
ಣ
УһƬɽ֮УЦʮǵˣ
̤ʥɽķߣȻһˣʥأҲ޷ټ
Ӧһ䣬Ʊһ⣬ΪǰһٶҶȣ˵ӭȥ
ǰʥأֳĬ
һĨааЦݣϴҺ綼׼ˣʱԻصɽ磡
ҶתˣҵӤΪʱʱ̿ձԴﾫͻʥӵڹ棬ͨʽ½磬ڹֹ̫ʼԼֻ֮ţ֪࣬ʱɽ绹磬½磬᲻ɽǣ
΢΢һҡҡͷɻ󣺡̫ʼǲӦɽ磿ʲôͨڹ棬شУ
ҾڹУһݽпԼֶͨΣһ룬ȥɽܶ飬һ޷ͣǲòģ
ϴ˵ķ棿
лصֶΣΪɽǱôãص磬ǸӿԵõɽֻʱˣҲˣ࣬зĩĩȻնɱܵţɽ֮УΪռΪ֯Ҫ½ռ֮䣬Ҳϵ˵磬ҲΪռһϵ
Ҷ渵ϸذͷɻóҲһͷˮɽΪͼݽҪ֪ݽһߵԪΪɽЩ飬ݽйأһλԪ˵񣬴ǵ죬ôԪǻһһϦͿԻϧӷĩ֮УҲδõмֵĶ֪Ҳֻ࣬Ըɽ£ֲٿعͥ˵׵㣬һߣ
Щ飬½磬ܻŪһЩѶϢһֱţҶȡƶ¡
ǿԲᣬɽǱںģͼɽ磬ұ֣ҪδȻܵ鷢֮ȥӦԣҵϣ̫ʼصɽ磬˵ʵѿԸǣ˵ǵʵǣ
Ҷ׼ɽࡢ̫ʼٴ
һ󣬾ɽ֮о£ȻŽʥء
ʥ֮ڣʮ󲿷룬ʮʥ絽룬ʥΪ
ҶҲ޷УڿʼҪʼһһݻʮʥء
ʮʥϢ֮أͨںĵʮ磬רΪʮʥض׼
ಣ
ʱҶФԼλ߿գʮ磬ФĶģµţԼʥصĳϣպҪݺʮͱҪʮʥؽ˼ʹϵ
ҶӦӦֵ̫ʥءʥءʥ㶼Ϥȥݷǣȥʥأ
ʥأ
ʮһҶҪʽʥؽӴѸӦ˻ӽδʥأ֮С
Ľ磬ʥڣδҶȱǿҸܵʥһǿҵϢµһͷŵϢ
벻ʥλɳ񣡡
΢΢ӦҶȾо˵ջ񣬲ӦԽʥصϢӦһٶʥϢٶԼ߲Ϣٶˣʹ˵š
ΪʥصĴʥϹŶֱǡԽ졯ˡԼһߡ˶ǳԪϹŶΪֻʥصϹŶƽƽҲʥصĴ
ФأͬͣҶȶϹŶӣҲһ޾ף确ӢʥŮ졯
ӢʥŮ졭
ˣҶҲйţеķӢ
ϣҶȻоᱦȻûм˵Ǵ˷Ӣ
ʱӢƺ߽λʥͻư˽λʥĸ߶ȣ֪ȥ֮Ƿɹˣ
΢΢һ̾ĴӣҶδʮҲòΪʵ¡
Фǰ
뼸λ߲㣬ʥؽǰѲӵʥصӣ
Ƭ̣ʹһͨ
ͨľͷһ
˽ͨʱʱӴ֮У߳ߣӦһĲɣӦȻ֮УһݰְǷԹģǵһǿߡ
λǰ
Фżˣλ߹
ʥسϣ߸ϣǰǱϹϾһȣɵ߶һ΢Ц
˿Խ졢Լһߣ
ǿǿڽ֮⣬޷ϸϸӦʱˣ֪ǲǵͽλ񣬼аһǿ󣬿Ǵﵽ߽λĴڣ
֮УҶΪСȴֻһˣ񽻷棬йаʵľ飬͸ܵԽ졢ˡһߵǿ̫˼ˣǿߡ
ͬʱҶȣƬ̺˶ͬľɫһ˵߹ȻڲͬϢ˶ԣϢ̫ϤˣҶȰɣӦеӣʵǳģʥأ뷢һ죬ѾԶˣ
ФʦܣϲϲʥҵвŻĵӣɷҵȣһߣФЦ
ҶȻ̫ᣬҪߵ·̫ˣФٴ񣬲Ҷʹ˸ɫ
ҶǰһԽ졢ˡһʩ񣺡ҶȣλǰѧǳϣλǰԼضָ
˵֮УоֹʥصᣬѾʥصĸ߲㣬Ǳˣ̫ˡ
Ф֣
˵ᣬʹʮλʥصӣ


2044 
ҶעҪᣬ󷽣һʥӣ
ȻȻм쳣ǿϢһˣҶȵйӴǷӢ
һһǶƵۣͫɫǸ߹԰
ͬӢҲһע⵽Ҷȣŵӣһʱ䶼עҶϡ
ΪΪҶȶ
λ߲㿪ڣҶӢʮڱȭʦҶȣλʦ֣λʦֽչˣ
ҶȣλǷӢʦܡ
ФżʱҶȽÿһţһǷӢʥŮԼ죬վڷӢߣʵţ󷽵ŵӣҲдﵽλʥΪģˣࡣ
ӢȻͻƵ˽λʥһ̤ŽλʥмܣΪһ񡣡
Ф£ҶȰдĴֵΪԼʵ
Ӣͨ꣬˳̤˽λʥʵӦôﵽʥ۷壬ţҲԽʵ
һԵ࿡棬ƤͬŮһ𪣬ȻģһΪҲﵽ߽λʥʵӢҪһΣҲа˽λʥʵŽλ֮䡣
ʥŮ֮УΨһŮӣòԼʮ£һСľǣıǼͦһŮӵеһΪҲﵽ˽λʥ񣬿ΪڷӢ֮ϣʵ΢΢ϷӢһأƺڿʼŽλʥ
һλ졣
˴۾߱һӢüӢˣɫ֮У͸һſ벻·û˿Լеʣ֮УӵƣһΪﵽ˽λʥʵ뷿Ӣ࣬ﵽʥ۷壬ƺǿһЩΪѿʼŽλʥ
˵ΪʵȻФֳϣڲĸ߶ȣµš
ӣҲǲ֮Ϊһλλʥ֮䣬Ҳмӵڲͬʡ
һ֮Ҷһһÿʩ񣬿׵˼䣬Фȸ߲㣬ڴ֮УţԼϹŶ죬֮ФŴҶ뿪
֮УӶ뿪ӢʥŮԼһֱŲ뿪ϹŶϷʱ˿ʼԻ
ΨһŮӣʥŮţλҶȴΣ
û˧𣿡֪ʮϽƵһڣͰڳһЦǺǵģ
û˵㡭
ʥŮǳ˼䣬ס
Ӣ죺ʦ֣أ
ĸ֣ɲ⣡ĮȻֱ׵³ĸ֡
ɲ⣡
ӢͷͬĹ۵㣺ȷɲ⣬λʥ񣬵֮ڵķԼĽƣȻ޷ʥ񾳽֮ڣģʮֻмһˣǶվʥ۷Ĵڣʦ֣
ʦǫ
׵˲ɲ⣬һ漣Ŵ̤磬һǧꣿʱˣʱҲ²񣬵ǧꡭǧ˶ѣȴ̤˴󣬻һԪܴﵽʥ񾳽磡
һǧ꣬ﵽʥ񣬶Ǵͼľ磡
һʥŮԼ˳˼֮С
Ƿ𣿡
Ӣ̾̾򰵵ˣΪμҶȣƺһ֣ʶζ
Ӣ֪ҶȾϴǸˣ¾סˡ
˶֮ӣЩˣԭ˰ɣ
˸Զ֮ܵʱϷȴ˵ˡ

һλߵΪҶȵĲб޲֮˼ҲǷߣ̤ʥҲǧ꣬ȻʥصĴӦ飬вɷָĹϵȴҲٲҶŬ
ƽ۸ڶڶ֪˰ɣһҲһ䡣
Ӧ飿λǰʥŮʵ
һԪȻ֪ӦĿֲǸȵֻ󱳣ǵ䣬ڵʱĴڣԪӦ鼫ٳ֣ҶȳΪµӣϾͷŶ֣ȥú˼
Ҳϴһ
ӢʥŮ죬֪Ҷȵʵ֪ˣ̾磬ҶȵͷŴС
һ磬ǻʥϢ֮ء
Ҷȣλǻʥܳŵӡ
ҶФݻỪʥء
ʥʷȻ޷ʥȣҲмԪƾʷŻʥصĵһʥΪ죬һԪʼĴڣʵҲǳʥصġ
֮УһٶԻʥصʥӣŻʥϹŶڼʶҶͻȻǡ
Щ֮У˵ĲŻڷӢˡ
ǻ˫ơңӣ˶Ǹ߽λʥңΪ˽λʥ񣬻˫ǾŽλʥ񣬾һ֮ң
˫СڻʥسǸ¶СҲôõʥعϵһӴһԾΪʥܳŵӡ
˸رңӣȷǺأǸѵ
ʥش˰죬ʥءʥءԪʥءƽʥءʥʥء
ʥأиԵĽܳӣÿʥأжһľͬʥصĻ˫
ʥءᡱʥء˵ĪԪʥءԪӡƽʥء桱ʥءȭʥ
ֻʥصĴǣȻвٵţˣȴ֮Уġ
ᣬһŮӣʮ񼸴µˣÿһӣĽ˭Ϊ񣬶ΪҲﵽ˾Žλʥʵˣʥͬһŵӽ֣ȡʤ
ƽʥصĽ棬ǸӣΪ˽ȻȥŽսٵĽ֣ӶҲӽ
ʥصȭʥ˾ǸĹеһƴŴսֻ˫ȭҺˣ߶һȭͷ¡
ǻ˫ỹǽ桢ȭʥǶʮվڵ磬ǿš
ҶȰݻʮʥأһš
֮УҲвţеıʮʥţҲȥ
ÿţҶȶǵúˣԣʮּ¡
˷ֱڵġپŵġɽڵġɽʿپ֣ʵǿ֮ʵǿ󣬶ҵǸдǿߣڿɽʿһͬ棬׷
ͬڵڡšɽڣҲʮһŵĴʵʥضǲġ
ţʮһţҲһЩԿ֮ǰЩŵ
һΣҶһһ˸֮УΪܳĴҲ֣ȻĽʽȴһʮۼʢᣬФԼʥҲû뵽
ΪţǸ֮Уҫ۵ĵӣӣȫʢ硣
ҶͨФҲ֪Ȼôţмٵţδ֡
ҶҲһ㣬ÿԼɵŵӣ֪ܻѩһЩ޵ӡ


2045 ᡢ
ݻʮʥأԼһţҶФݻЩ֮У඼Ҷȴδģڴ󲿷ּ塢̻ᡢСҶҲûȥһһݻᡣ
֮ͨУȻҲЩȴʥԼһѹţŶ޷ͷ
⼸꣬ҶȶæŸӦ֮УȥݻһЩǰԼһЩ̻ȵȣȻ˼Ұݻʶɽķš
ʮ꣬ܿ͹ȥ
ʥΧһɽϿգƯһͨԲι㳡ʮ˾ۼڹ㳡֮Уд󲿷ֶʥصӣμʢʮˡ
ʽϾҪУʥصӣԼһЩ߲㣬æдʥʥ
ƷʦܣʶǸҶȣ
ʥ֮⣬𽥷һ
ЩһʥΪӣʥΧѲߵӣǶʻʵӭӡ
ʥ֮ǰźƷ뼸λӣãǼȵģΧҲһЩӽ١
ʱԱһʮ꣬źƷҶһЩ顣
ҲΧ
źƷȻӦǿʶλʦ֣ʦܣҵȸϻ˵ҲɣպҶʦܣ
꣬λʥ񣿡һʥӺʵ
źƷ̾Ϣм٣ǸϢҲò˼飬߲㽻ſ϶£ʵҲǻɣǧ꣬Щӣűչأʥ֮Уֻеʦȥʮ꣬˭Ҳ뵽ǧڣʥػðҶʦ
ǧȷ˵ʲôǴྫʰ
Ҷʦܸʥʱҵ۹£ϾԪһֱյģз߷Ǵ¼һʥأʱҾͺڴ뵽ȴӵ
ӦʦֵֶΣ
ꡢʮ꣬ĸӦӦʦֵģ
δĴ˵᲻֪Ͷ꣬ϸԪӦʦֺ䡢ǱȼĴڣ
ʵ֮УҲ˼Ӧʦ֣
˭
ʦ֣
˲ͣţĵԽԽԼʮˣһӾۼ
ΧźƷҶʱһӵᡱ֣е¶ɵĽ֮ġ
˭
ҶҲ֪еӣԼʥءʥصȵȣ֪Ĵڣǿʥطͷľš
ǻģûڱңЩУҲûô
ȻһУҿӰմ
ӣԼʮˣ׷̧ͷֻһư׵Ƴ۵ӣ̤ƶʩ񣺡ʦ֣
ӾǰᣬƮ䣬ǿ˫Ŀ⣬·еӷС
ӶԴ˲޷ڰǰֳ
ǸղΪңһ΢΢ŭ
һλʥӣӦʦ֣ղУᵽӦӦʦ֣Ǿ˵֮Уֻʦ㣬Ӧʦ֣
ŭɢˣȻףӦʦ壿ðɣʦֻ˳һ㣬ȷǼӦʦ֡
˵һ룬ûм˵ȥ
ʱһŮʴô˵ȥˣʦýΪ˵λʦܣӦʦֻعʥأǡñʦײǰʦΪӦʦֵµӣӦʦδӦ
ǡ
ʦ㣡
Ů֮ڳеӣͬаƵģͳͳʡ
꣡
ᶸȻ䣬˫ͫŭ
һ̣ѾﵽһٶˣҲϾŮ׷գʥˡ
ֻһɢһλȹŮΧɫ⣬оƺ֮еʥŮ·
ڳеӣٿΪֻͫŮľա
ֻаһˣһֱһ䣺ʦã㲻£û˻ڵģ
ԭʦΪѴﵽŽλʥ۷壬Ҫͻ˰ɣֲøջعʥأ˰ˣĪ㻹浱ǿӣһ˵֮Уʵǿģͬģʵˣδ̫˰ɣ
ͬӯӯĿŰᡣ
쿴ʦ㣡
˷ӷ꣬˶ڣֻõٻӰ
벻ʦ֡ʦ㶼ˣʥţѵͬʱ֣
ǣ֮УǿĴڣҶҪͻˣʦֵȷе֣ʦ˵һҲΪҪͻôͻʦ֣Ҳûģ˵㣬ÿ˶ܳɹ̤ģ֪ܲܳɹĿˣҪǳɹˣ
꣬⻰ҪǱӾͱù
ַһЩӣҲٶˣƺΪζг꣬ǰᡣ
Ҷ˵ڶȻڶŭ֮С
žۼӣֻǰʱȻٶӡ
ʦ֣ʲô˼ѵλʦ֡ʦõ棬㻹ҽ֡вɣ
ڣգȻ֣԰Կ
ʦԸ⣬ʦȻԸ⣡ỹȻӦսˣеĿ⣬ȴҲɢĿ⣬ǰ롣
㣡
üһŭ
ǲ˱£治ɣ
˫֮ʣͻȻӰʥɳͷǳФȻҲʥ񣬵ȴǳϣΪһǳϣݾҪ߳һء
ʦ֣˼æ񣬰ҲϢ
굱ڣһ治ף֮Ҳܵõʥ
Ф֮󣬻˾ۼʥǰɭɭһɨʥصĴӣ治ңԼˣ˭ܳе
ǸмǶФܿ
ӣֳû˿Фѹŭ𣬲ʥҶȣʦ֡ʦ㣡
Ҷȣ
ĺȻ񣬷׷׿ʥ
ֻҶƵƳۣƵ߳ͬһͨˣڼǰ
һ̣˫Ŀ⣬ͳͳҶӿк桢о㵡Ҳ̽ҶΪԼʵġ
֮Ҷһˣ˲䣬ǰЩĸŵĿ顣
ûжһ£һǿƣͬʯȭʩʦҶȣλʦ֡ʦ鷳ˣλӰæ֮У
ҶôǰƽǵФⳡ棬ԭҪǳ˵ģҲ뿴ҶӦҶȲŭͻȻҶ̫ˡ
Ҳôʱ䣬ٵջĿ⣬˶ҶȺ£ʵһ㣬ƢԣһˣȴҶȲ򵥡
ˣ½ӣҶȣҽ
ФҶԱߣٴνһʾ˽
ǰżʮ߲㣬ФĪһĴڣϷмλ룬Ա߼ˣߣƶ޵ģΪǳԽʥĴڣҲǳԽФȳϵĴڡ
˿淢֮£һĿȻȵȻʥص֮ӣҪסԺҪʥΪΪأǴӣ಻ϣ֮Уܵͽ䣡


2046 ǰʽ
˶ڣҲӷ档
ӣỹһЩµӣҪǵʦعţ첻ҶȽʽҲţʢһξۻᣡ
취˲ŭǿʵԼλеӷ
ڵⷬжڷֹƺףһҶȣµӣֽʥҲûҪŪְɣ
ٵӶżʡĽĿ⣬Ҷȡ
Ҫ֪ЩӣʥʱıȵҶȣʮ֮һȲϣƩʮʥأʹҲʮˣҶһνʽÿһʥأˣǸԾţԼϹŶ
벻ףΪҶȻܵʥ˶Դ
벻˵̫࣬ǶǲŻعŲãۼǣҶиʶڶȥ᳡ɣдľдȥ˼ʹϵģȥ磬ҶȵĻᣬҲǵĻᣡ
취˰ټڵӶɣ򵥵ڵվڸ߲ʩ󣬷׷뿪ʥ
ʥ֮⣡
󲿷ֵӶҶȴǱеרҶһδаᣬ˿ûҶȣΪȷҶùϵ˵ҶȾſҲϲǰеİᡣ
Ҷʦܣ
Ȼ䣬еע꣬ҲҶ
Ҷȼ̿꣬ȷӵʥµĸ߹òɵã뵽ˣͬգȴ˶ĥѣһλصɽ磬һҪ磬̤ߵĸ߷塣
䣬뵽ˣҶȵ˫ͫͣϣ·Ҳӣľò
ģҶ꣬ҶȻԼ֮ͫвδĿ⣬롣
ѿҶȴڷ֮У㻽һҶʦܣ
ʦ㣬˼ʦ㣬ͻȻ뵽ʦɽ磬һλˣǴﵽʥ۷Ĵڣֻǻһ䣬̺޷־Ҷȵعٴʩ
ʵĪλˣҳĺ񣿡
ûʦòֻʦͬϣ
ֲá
ʦܳҪʦտʲôͷģʦڴ˵Բס
ܿɹĶ
Ŷ
㿴Χÿһʦܡʦãĸǫ飬˵ķâΪӣ͵õʥصıӻǶ԰Ȼ̬һеģǾ޽еģøӣ˵ǰʦ֣ҲӣжĿˣϹŶ
Ҷǳޡ
ҶȶһӡҲ棬˵滰
ʥؾһȦӣÿ˶Ȧһ֣޷ָںȦӣȻҪų⣬ȲȥӦȦӣʧȥԼļ֣ȴܱ
ʦֻڸ̤λʦ㡢ʦìܣԺΪҶȵһЦ˵Լģ治Ǹں֮ģɱҶȡ
֮ҪСΧˣҲҪԼĵĪ˵ĽŲУʱңʱ䣬һڵϢ
꿴ҶӡҲЦȥ
ҶĿȥ᳡ȥ
ʥ֮У
취뼸ϹŶʲôȻ䣬ƷΧٵӡԼѲߵӶ޷Ӧʥ֮С
ֻӰΪʵϢƮӦöһòϣǺ棬һλĵӣλϹŶµӡ
ʦ֣
ϹŶͬʱ򛕷ʩ
λʦܣǻǼʱ
˴żλ߲㣬ӭˣҶ̫Ϥδ̫׾ֹ仰ڴ࣬λµվϹŶ󷽡
һϹŶˣȻʥξʽĸˣȻҪ׼ʱʦֵأ
ʥֻ֪ͨλʦܣΪǾʥʦʦܣңԶĵطУǴŸµλʦܾ͹ˣʮʥأ˲ǵˣҲˣ־磬ʮꡢ겻棬̫ˣ
˵Ҳǣ
ʦ֣ʦܲһոսʥ˵ӣΪλõʥʦڣδκһӽʥʱʢʽ
һϹŶʵĪΪӦʦ֣Ӧʦֵȷҵ޷󼰵ĴڣҶҲֻһµӣõӦʦֵ洫

ϹŶɻĿ⣬ԼǺ󲻷µӣԥһᣬŵʵԭӦʦֻһϵҶ֪Ӧʦֺٲʥص£ѵҶȣһ棬ҪģΪҶϵҶɽ磬Ԫеļλ֮һӵо޴Ǳ
̤ʥǧҾͳΪʥǿߣʦ֣ǱӦӦʦΪඥİɣ
ҲҲʵӦʦֲδʲô˵ඥˣֻǸϵİҶͻʥҪԼŬĽҲһ棬һ࣬ٶ꣬췣֮һֿҪʱ̣ʥҲǾô˹Ϊʥʿģʥţο֮Уо˵ı֣
ԭˣ
śϸϹŶˡ
ʱˣ
Ȼһ޵Ӱڴ֮⡣
䣡
ϹŶվӰдΪˣʥϵ䣬
ֻһ仰ϹŶ߳ڵ⣬ʮλ߲㣬֮Уһ˶Ĵڡ
һͨգۼ䣬ͳڣΧԲι㳡߿ա
䣡
еĻ᳡ʮˣͬʱ߿ʥظ߲㣬Ǵ𾴣ӭʮǿｵ١
˶վ񣬰ʮʥصϹŶ
ʮԪʥǽӽĴڡ
Ÿ߲㣬ԼΧ߲㣬ФĪȳϣһٶˣϷ̨̨ߣʥص̫ϵӣԼӡ
ںĻλѣлλڰæ֮УУμӱصҶȣʥʽչ˲ܵģλǸϣλ
䣬˷ŵ¼ӣʮû˸ҲԾλʮ䡣
漴£Ҳ߲ǰ¡
˵߳˷񣺡λѣĲпᣬᣬЩһ̤ͬ;ˣмģڴˣᵽĲпᣬΪˣǼ֤̫𣬵أĺˣǰͺ̣֮ͣ
ƽڻ᳡þûصţ˶ţ˶ܴܵĴɫ롣
ֵνһ˻ˣʮķ֮󣬱صҶȣܴҶ֪»ҪٴνܣҶɽ磬ϸԪ֮ĩͿʼգԪǰڣδһ֣߳غˣΪҶȾɽķߣ󲿷ֶˣ֪̺壬Щ֪ģϸԪǶй߽ύľˣҶķߣѵڶ̶ǧ꣬ﵽʥ񣿵ȻⲻżȻҲ飬ҶȵŬ̡԰ܵĵģһ漣ԭ򣬹ʴˣΪ˱Ҷȣزžʢʽϣ˷ѣ뱾عһϲ£Ҷȣǰ


2047 һʦ
ʮˣǿĿ£ҶȴӸ̨󷽣ʮԼʥţΧĳơ磬侲ƽһ̨
̬øǿߣҶȵһӡ޷ĥһĻ
ʦ۹׼ҶȵȷʮܳţԪҲ˲ţ
̨룬̫οԼο㣬Ҷǰֵͬһܣʥؿ׼ⳡʢᣬʵ
ҲһЩӣȴҶȲĪĵ⣬Ǽʡ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵ɣϴϴ󣬷硢ɽ綼ݺ޵Уʲô
˽£ħżӪ磬н
û˵ʲôӵҶɽҶӵеϢʼԤУҶȱػϵһҶȵ֣һҲɡ
ʮʥţ˭ҶһһҶȱֳƽԼ򶨣ǧ꣬ʹ²̤ʥ漣ǶܸоҶ͸Ĳ
ǱŵҶȣɽ磬ǵָļߣ
˵棬¡صؽҶȣԼĿϣ޷ѹƵο
ʱ˿̣ʮڳʮʮϵʮͬʱעҶȣģϢһҲŹ
Ҷ˸Ŀ⣬ȻƵᣬȻȻϹŶҲδ˿
ǿߣڼ¼ҶȵģԼҲе˽ۣΣҶǴʱΨһĽ㡣
˺Ȼ¶صЦݣȻҶȲз棬ǱУϣҲкܸߵ裬Ҷȣˣչʾһɣ
ʦ
ʱ˷һ㵡
ʦÿʥأΪҪʵҶȻһʦô˸е⡣
ڳλʦ֡ʦ㡢ǰµǰ׳ˣ
Ҷ˷ʩ˿æ
Ҷȱǵӣʮ䣬ФĪ˾ͺܹעҶĽչҶش󲿷ڸ߲ǰ׾ƳһЩ񵤣߲Ϊ֮һ
ڣҶһչʾԼĻᣬҲΪʥ
ͣ
ע£ҶȻһʮͨƯһΧ
ʦ֣ҶΣ
ŸտʼӪ֮Уǰ漸ţȻһӣԱһλʮӺʵ
Ϊӣ֮УΪܳʦ֮һơ
ֻǼҶ¶ļ̣ƾʮ̫ˣǶĴ䣬ǶļԦﵽҲµĸ߶ȣ
Ҳˡ
ǿȥ֪ˣ
˫ͫ˸żĿ⣬Խȣƺһ־ͬϵƵġ
ͬʱ᳡˷һЩҲ̲ס̾ǽۣ֮ԣˣҶ̾
ʱȥȼ£ﻯΪҺ塣
Ȼõ
һͻȻһΪľ
·ˣȻǷҶȲδٻֱֱͬСӹҼһס
һһƺߣͬʹﵽµ֣
ʦ֣𣿡̨֮Увٵӣơ
ƵȷˣõʦǶյµĴʦʮʦȻͬЩʥʦ²񵤣ҲԲõҶʦƵ񵤣ʥͽλ磬õƳ񵤵ĻǾʮһʦֻ񼶱ʦȼ磡
ʦֶϿɣ
Χ޻˵ˡ
䣬벻Ҷ棬˵裬ͽλʥܰյ˴ĵز
Ҳ࣬һոջϹŶ̲סʵΪҶȵȷ̫˼飬ˣôʥأǼ񵽴ˡ
ҡҡͷҲǺֻ֪Ҷһû뵽ﵽ˸߶ȣ
˵ĻҶȣǵһʦ֮УһĪӦʦ꣬ģ
ɣӦʦȻҲ֪ͨҪҶȣʵЩܣ
ǰ
عϹŶʼ
ȻںһŵФĵ˵Ҷɽ磬һλʦˣ
ԣ
ФѣϹŶԼΧĸ߲㣬׷׹ҶȵˮƽҲҪǧյġ
ͬʥػ뵽㣬ʥأһǿߣҲ׷뵽һ档
ΪΨһĽ͡
Ҷȿǧ̤꣬ʥпܣԲܣǧڣһ⺺Ϊʦ
ᣡ
ʱȥҶȵĿ⣬һƣȻ͵һץͻȻϨһһ֮С
˵һΪһ۵⣬ȻҶƿ˫ֻ֣֮УƮһӨ񵤡
ɹˣ
ʥڳŵӣ̫ˣڴʱмʣĽΪҶźΪҶΪҶȵ˵棬Ϊʥسʿ
񵤣
칦򣡡
ʮд󲿷ˣ֮Уþ޷ع벻ףۼ֤ǲš
һ̤ʥʿΪΰ죬õƳ񵤡
Ҷȹû뵽طâЩˣʮǵʦ֮еĵһˣĪ
ʥӪ֮УţΪֹ𺳣ǰԽ졢ԼһϹŶԱߵķӢ̲סڳƿ졣
һϹŶҲ޵ǺηʥعȻõһţ
ţĴʥأϷɽĴߣʣüȻΪʵҲգ벻죬Ҷȣз棬־ˣ˾˵һϹŶҲΪ֮̾
ϹŶҲԱ߲ʥŵӣӦöнȸ˰ɣ
ǰҶչֵĲŻѾ̼ʹ˷ӢʥŮЩźĵӡ
ʥأҲˣʥԼ̫ʥأע˵δΪҲǷߣڣûҶ˾ޣ⼸ɱ䣬Ҳ޷ݵġ
ΨʥأеӶֳĬ֮УΪ֮еķߣȴץߣһֱδҵκ˿
˰ҶȵһƵ񵤣ںúñҶڼ֮ڣƳ񵤣Ȼʥصӣһһȥ˷ιۡ
£Ҷȵȷʥأʮǰš
֮߳ʽ͵βǣɳˣҶȽĵãҲвʼ뿪ʥأʥشӣʼͿˡ
ʮʥأԼһЩһţ뿪ģʥؽ죬һһȥ
ҶȣӡڣʮĿ֮С
ǣ޵Ļա
ʽ֮УҶȲʶţҲһЩйһڣҶҲʶʮ󲿷еľš
ŸȥҶȲδͣǣΨһһˣ˵·ˣ̲
̲Ҳ뵽ָһ󣬾Ȼﵽ˸߶ȣӴ֮ҶȶΪһĽȻгơԼ纺


2048 
磬Żص֮󣬼̻ϵȴҶȻϣ
Ҷ˰һֱ໥ӦʱټĻ᳡ʧʢǰĽʽ֮ԲĻ
ҲҶ벻ʽΪӰ죬ӴʮҶȵĲŻԼ׿Խᴫʮ
ʥ
ƮĶ֮УԵø¡
ҶФĪȸ߲㣬ռ䣬Ӧڴ֮УԼ䶼档
Ϸ·ϹŶԼ˵ȸ߲㣬ҶФ˽Ҳֻ·
ಣ
Ʒ½ֻﵽʥ߽λӣһһʩ
ФжҶȽˣơȡĽ۳ˣʥĿǰ𵤵ҪʵҲ˸֮£Ȼ˺ȥֵ飬ʱѰҸط֮࣡
Ҷȣ
Ф˵꣬ϷĿͶˣҪ󲿷񣬾æĳ鲻ʥ˼ӴˣҲҪУҪʥĴС
䣬ӲѧǳεºܾӴҪְҶվǫ˵
ҶȼͬһƽϵƣȭҶʦܣǲѧǳ޵ˣ
ǰһԵӢ˫ĽҲӦһ䣬ЦݺºͣǴﵽ߽λʥĴڡ
˿Ҷȣʥ֮ľҶȣҲΪʥǿߣʱΪʥس
˵ϣҶҲ̹ϱȭˣǵҲ޻˵Ӹո̤ʥ񣬻Ҫչؼ꣬ϣʥظʱ䣬ʥҲԷģڼ䣬ҲѰҴ׸ţ
ã⡣
겻ʲôΪҪģҲĪżģǻģ
Ҳ⣬Ȼڡ
Ҳ֮ȥʲôҲ
ǿߣ
ҶȴӦˣһΪߵܣǰΪ뛕˲ࡣ
һϹŶ
ȡĽ۳ˣ񣺡ʦ壡
ʦ壿ҶһӡҲûС
ФһԽܵʦΪ񡯣ʥصһ̫ϳϣһϹŶѴﵽĸԪΪ䶼ࡣ
ǾŽλ񣿡
һ벻ʥػΪﵽŽλĴڣ䣬ԼӦ飬̫ϳϣҲһ𿿽Ĵڡ
ʮľ֣

⣬һĻӰֶһ׷ԲԵߣ˫ü𣬷·ͫȼգ֮˶о䡣
ˡԼϹŶФĪȵȳϡ߲㣬׷վ׷߹ʦ֣
ʾ⣬ǰϹŶһ¡
ϣʱ򣡡
ΡȻомƣž⣬ش𣺡˵Ӧʦһλ˲õµӣϷûһҸղҲ˵һλ˲ţ
Ф̴Ҷȣǰʦ֣Ҷȣ
ˣ
Ҷȣ˫ͫͷųһ⣬ӿҶȣҶҲûܣ߶龻֣Լܡ
Žλ˽Ҫ鿴Ҷȸûϣܣֻл龻
ӵߵ־ػҶȣ˭ҲҶȣҲҶıֶΡ
ϣҶɽ磬ԼܣĪҪǿĺã
ɲǼ䣬ϷҪʲôһ䡣
СӣȻϷҲ޷͸ķӡ
һΪΪ޷͸ҶܣΪֱǲܵ¡
Ϊֻ֣֪һͣԽ޷͸ҶȵԭǾҶϣ֮ϵĴڡ
ԼϹŶ֪ʵԲҪҶȸ̤ʥ񣬾Ҫʥصְ
ְĿҶϣҶȲѱ⣬ϷĸԪԪ֮УҲύһЩߣСӣȻûûߵݣǶλʥĲŻʵ¾ͳеʥ˰ɣ
⡭
˻һơȡĽ۳𺳣벻ţҶȲǶλʥ񣬲ӵи߽λʥʵ
ФĪҲ޷ֻЛԼû˿ݣϹŶҲⷬŪֱҡͷ
λҶȵʵԼΪ
˵ˣҴԵѹڴɢÿ˶ܵ޴ѹҲһӵĲŻӦʦкܴϵ󲿷֣ǿԼŬģʵ޷ԤϵǱʥصܣ֪ʥأҶţ򡭡
ˣͷ
ơȡĽ۳ˣǲţⷬȻȷһжʵ
˿񣺡ʦ֣׼ҶȳΪơȡĽ۳һݣʥصĵ£ʥصǰ»Ҫõɣ
Ҷȣ
ҶȣҪΪʥصһ£ǳ˽⣬ǶλʥΪھ͸Ƴһöһλʥ񵤣Ըʮʱ䣡
ǲе̫ͻˣ˿ΪҶ룬Ҳʵ벻ᵱڵҶȡ
ʵҲףھְҶûʵϣȻܷڣӦµӣӵȨ
Լڸ߲뷨ҶȵȻһơȡĽ۳ˣԴŻ̬ȣҶش𣺡ʮ꣬ʮҲòϣ
ǺǣʧܣͱˣŵЦݣƺҶ˵ʮ죬һܡ
Ҷȸֱӣʦ⣡
һһλʥ񵤰ɣ
δȥ
ˣ
һץʮﵽʥ񼶱ӿֶͷһʢ𣬰ȻһȭһȭȻֱӺ顣
ʲôơȡĽ۳˿ĶЩš
ϹŶԼФĪȳҲ棬˵Ǵ˵֮УʱЩʦڵõǲã˶еˣҪǰںϣٿʼҶƷҲϹŵַ
һܣ˶Ȼ
ܿ͹ȥ˼죬ּҶȻõѾ޻˵Ҷ˫һᣬһɺ⣬ֳһɫ񵤡
ã
ֽкãȻûʮ졣
ơȡĽ۳˿νš
˾ʹҶµƣӴˣʥأ߸ϵĵ£ֱԽͨ£ФȳϣҪһء
ś˵ϹŶȥҶȡơȡĽ۳ֽһͨȻʥ֮Уһռ䡣
ռ֮һ¥ֻߣ
Ƶ˽ܣҶȲ֪¥ӣƽʱۻᡢоĵء


2049 ۹
뵤ÿһ㶼дؼԼһЩԼϣһ㵽㶼ˣÿһҲжռ䣬ʱֻˣƽʱʮӣֻǽһҲû
ơȡĽ۳ˣΪҶȽܵ棬֮ҶȲŻص泽ɽʽע泽ɽĵ̫ˣҶҲúȥĶɵɽ硣
һ֮󣬱򛕷ԼФȸ߲ǣ˶ҪСģʥѰصеص㣬ͬǹھҶɽܡ
ɳʥ֮ҶҲ벽繫ӡȡϵ֪֮ߣʱ˳֮ģҲδ뺣֮ģϧۣһЩǿ򣬻ع麣֮ġ
繫˰Ȼڿˮ¿ҲõٵĿʯҶȻع顣
Ҷ޾ϵ
ǣ޾µûκζӦĳ֮ܽУȫڻָ
û߶ǧͼֻ˰£󽻴һֽʥ񵤣˻ϵ˻ʥУûм޷ع顣
Ҳȵ˾뵶ūع飬ְ֮źһУҶȾֱӴ߶ǧͼȥ
һ£
ݺ룬һƬɫŵ½أƯϷ˶֪Ĺ
ಣ
ϴˣ
ӷһʣֻһƬǳâһ۵Ҷȣһ
統Ҷȣ棬Щھĺۼϴʱ䣬ھ棬ϧʥʵǿڷھ򣬵ٶ̫̫
ȷˣҲӦһ䡣
Ҷһ飺ȻףԪʼпܣǶֻʥʵȻУҪ߶ӤԼþһԵţҪʱ׼ã
˵˺ʮ֮⡣
ಣ
˫һᣬһ󻺻ؽ٣֮󣬲ʼҶȽѾܵصľޣ·ˣɽԼ磬ٴδͨ
ҶȲδϾʹ߶ӤԼȫɣȻﵽһƽ״̬֮㿪ʼӦԼ̫һΪӴ
ʱҶȵĸӦ֮УΧ̫һֻС·Ƶģ䣬ΧȻ
ણણ
̫һϵؽӴ㣬ǸɺĴأ̫һһںϣδκںϼ
Ҫ֪̫һʲôյĴڣȴκβ˷㣬ʱ޷ԸҲ֤棬Ҫͨһ̫ͨˡ
ΧҲȴţʱһæҲﲻϡ
̫һںϷ㣬ٶ̫ˣ
ת˲͹ȥˡ
һչûУΨ̫һ͸ʮķ㣬̶ֳȣףһ޷͸㡣
Ӥǳˣ
գϣӤ֮ϡ
Ҷ߶¸ǰһɫ⣬ֻһȭͷСɫСԼ߰ģ麩ȴûжɫմҶ¸Ưĸͷһ±ߣﵽһ߸ߡ
棡̫ˣӤ紫˵֮еȻ֮꣬Լ
Ӥ֣綼磬̫ԪȻ֪Ӥļֵ벻
ƺʵϴƶɣѵû˳ɹƳӤ
УȻУ̫ˣŹģҲֻ˰ˣȷţӤγɣҪܶػԵһ㣬ģһÿͬͬӤҲͬеемȱݣγӤҲֻǻ׷ߵʿ̫ˣ̫ˣǴûˣԼŬУΪߵģ
ѵֻ߳ߡߡԼ岻ɣƲƲ죬о߷ǳƵġ
ô˵أ˵һ񼣣
ȻǶڴ֮У
Ǻǣһ֮Уһ񼣣
񼣣˵ֻߣܵõ񼣵ں봫У
ǰ˰ɣΪԪ̫ˣ׷ΪĿ꣬Ϊ˽һ죬ܵõ񼣵ĴУΪ첻Ĵڣ֪Ҷȵޣӵе񼣣ʲô𣿡
֪ӵһμϴ󣬾͸ܵ޵޷ܣ·־̫ǿˣ޷£ˣ˵һ治֪ϴҲ֪ɣ
ޣҿ֪ģΪ壬Ҳӵ񼣵ģϵ棬񼣵ƿߣޣҲ֮һҶ֮䣬һֱض޷͵ϵޣΪ֮񡯣񼣣ǡ񼣡ǹϵĴһ
ڵļ䣬δȫѣ治֪ô࣡
Ŀ齫֮ˣֻǴŹǴǸʱڵĴڣԾģҲ֪
ҡҡͷĵĴߣȻõУǶڹϵĹȥҲһ֪⣬󲿷Űˡ
Ŀ齫ֻ񼣣
ʣ˲ѵôԪ֮Уûеߣõ񼣵ĴУ
߲ͬ壬ϢĴȥҪҪĳض״̬£γɣּʣǲܵģڹϵм¼֮УʷϣҲֻмߵ񼣵ģֻпٵʱһߣߵʲôģҲ֪ҡҡͷ˸ߵۣ֤ߵĲ
˵һ񼣣ǶǸʵģ
ֻһȺģĶǸ񼣣Ҳֻ֪񼣵ĴҲ֪
񼣣
ڴ߶ӤҶȣԳ̸Ȼһ
ߵ˽⣬Ҳֹֻʣ治֪Ҳ񼣣ߵĸ߶ȣֻߡԼʡ
ˣ
Ӥ̫ͬʱҶ̫һıԴ֮УҲ̫һԴҶǰɳʱſһͰҶںϡ͸̫һںϡ
ͬʱҶҲ߶עӤ֮УѲıԴӤڡ
𽥵ģӤҶȵķʼΪɫ⣬Ȼ͸ʼӤںϷ㡣
ϵͬ
ҶִһӡҪ߶Ӥڵϵ
Ӥҡһһɹɽɫ̺ǿϵԪص̫һںϣҲ͸֮УҶ˫һᣬӤҲͬķӡ
ӤͷߣʶҲ̫ͣ󲿷жҪҶơ

ӤϵںϷ󣬷㾹Ȼʼϵ𶯣ȻѣһȭͷСķʣʼڿգ뿪㡣
ɹˣ
缤վ
޷漣ȴҶһʥˡ
ҶȿһĻҲοоһ޷ӤĴΪûҪƼ̵ķ㣬ס


2050 ͻԵǿ
Ϣﵽ۷壡
״̬֮Ҷȵ߶ӤҪΪӤԼӤҶͬʱӡɫ⣬ʱʼˣ·졣
ͻͻͻ
Ҷȵ̫һӤڷֱ״ĶڣȻʣʼӤ߶ɹΪ״̬
滻ҶȣʼΪӤٶȼӿ죬һʱ½һ߾롣
֮Ѿ½һȣǻûڶռ㣬۵ùǺҶȼʱͨ巢ҶҿʼϢ
Լ겻ϴͨͨһٴգһƬ޾ķռ䡣
ڶռ䣬ץʱ俪ʼϢռԨˮԶҶץס϶ᣬҲʼоԨˮ̺˺󡢺ϢԨˮһ֣Ժӣµĳ͸㡣
ԨˮʣҶҲδ֮ǿҵĺԼϢǷͨĳһֱ仯γֻڹ
Ԩˮɽټ޽֮ء
һϢһλָ۷壬ظţֻ߶Ӥͨ㣬ڼ־ռ䡣
֪ѳʮʱ䣬˴Ѿ϶ʮʱ䣬δﵽɽ磬˶ԸоڵϢѾʮޣȡ֮һɵɽϢ
ɽϢ˵ѾǵͼʣӦ֮Уܼĳ磬»صɽ֮ΪҪɽУ²ס
һ㣬պҲͣΪֶΪԼࡢĩˣһֱھϣûعԪӦñ񣬵ǵͼ󣬾Ϊ޷ɽ磬տ
䣡
ͻȻ˽»Ϊķ㣬һαһϷռķռ䣬еĵطԨˮ֮ߡ
ͻȻϲ·ɽϢ
Ҷȵͷ˿ɽѾߣǰȷɽ磬ӦѾв룬ɽܽˣ
أ
׼ռϢͻȻͷޣͻȻСβͣСԴҲҲ෽
޲޹ʾжҶҷҲȥҶȵҷ޷ӦĴڡ
Ӧòʲôƺü
˵пܣڷ£ʱʲôıŷһͬ׹䣬ż棬ʲô޵Ĵڣ
۵㣬õҶͬΪĽͣôܴڲͬĶ
ߣ
˼뵽һȥˣȻż㲻żҲһʲô˶ź˼һͬǰ
һʱ֮˶ûĿ꣬޵ǿ϶޶Ƿʲôˡ
ţ
ҶͻȻŻٶȡ
ٶҲʵôˣ
ǰԶƺһɽںϢ֪ΪΣϢûбѹƣʮ䡢棡
ʲôȥ֪ˣٺ٣
ڨڨһЦȻǸ첻µزµģҶ磬Ҳ뵽ǶʥʵԶĹ棬ʲô
ԼټǰȥֻǷɳףͻȻͬʱ˫ۣ¶һŵı飬Ϊǰռ䣬ԨˮϿգȻһ̨һǧ׵ķӡϷ
磬Ȼһ磡
ﲻܴ壬οһܽĽ磡
ӣЦĪǴɽǿߣ´棬
ӦòǣǶܸӦǽ磬ɲϢɽǿƿصģ統һʱҲ벻ͨ
ô磬ڷγɣѾ޷漣ǿ߲ܵģǻǸϿ뿪˵ϸԪΪݣ޷عĳǿߣģʥҲ޷ʱڷƽ磬ͣҾǵ뿪
磬ôһڣ
һͲܣʮֹ죬磬ʲôûУҪһ磬治ܣʥ޷ﵽֶΣӲɽǿģҶȶ̾硣
ԣһ𳬼ǿߣ
ã
ͬ⣬ƴʱҲֳһ棬Ҷת
תȴûһ
ΪǰڰķգȻƯһӰ
Ϣ˺󷽣ǺεȵΪȻˣһ𳬼ǿߡ
Ӱͬһ㣬ģȴ˻ƵһĨ벻󣬴һͽλʥ߽λ񣡡
˲ɽǿߣһ۾ͿǴģǴɽģ
統ɵޱȣҶȡưн
ҶȰӦţ̫ˣϢʥ񣬼п񣬻Ǹ߽λ񣬾֣Ķ֣
汳ֵطһ𳬼ǿߣħΣţȴƽࡣ
ԭҪɱǵġ
Ӱʱ˵һ仰ҶȡơԵ͵һӰֵΪû˿֪ĴڣǰҲм󣬺
ѵֹǴͨ
˻һҶУκˣ
ͻȻЦˣ˶֮ܲеţ֮߻񶼲֪ٵʿԵͽλʥԼ߽λģҵǵһΣҲɱǣҪϵǵΪ
⡭ͬʱһ
˸˵ⷬȻ˵óõġ
ͻȻҶüͷչ¶һЦݣǰ˵㲻ɱǵɣɷŹˣ
𣿡Ӱһ
ʱ綼һͷˮ治֪Ҷʲôӡ
Ҷȴݵ˵ǰɱǣΪǰǶͬݣ
˻˵ĳ磬һͷˮʲôʱδıӰһˣ
ӰĬƬ̣ȻһЦ벻ţҵݣ㶼֪ܵ
ϴʲôˣ̲סʵ
Ҷȿ磬ΪλǰһǷߣ
ħ̾ԭˣ
ߣ
ɽ磬ҶȵҲǷߣȻӰͬݣΪǷߣӰֻҶ˵ΪŹһ
ӰͻȻɫ߰ɣҪ֪ȥҲŹˣҪ֪磬Ѿˣ
ˣòԪڴɽ磬ͨ棬磬Ϊ磬δߡ
ҶȻҪûȥȴӰʩ񣺡磬ǰעԵ֣⣬֪ɷܼǰ
СӣҪҵ籾Դҵ͸¶ǲһǳҲ֪ǸطԡߵãϣǽҲ̤ˣǼȻҪɽ磬Ϸ˳ˮ飡

Ӱ˵꣬Ҷ˻ᣬջ֣һɾȻҶˣֱ·ֱײں㣬ײһضѾʧǧķض
2051 ͨ
⣬ҲΪҶһѺ
ӤϽӡĵܾˣյӤ룬Ҷȵ
ˣ
ӤУһɫ⣬ɫ⣬ϵΪ룬ںĹ
ӤǴ߶ҪƷ㡣
Ȼںһϵ֮㶯ٶȣӾˡ
ٶ֮Ȼڷ㣬ʮףҲֻһңٶȣ̫ˡ
ˣ
ӤͻȻͣ½ӡҶ磺취̫ٶ᲻Чһ㣡
£͵죡簲ο
үүģҲ֪ˣΪǰףɽ磬ȥ磿ħа죬С
ࣿ
ƣ״̬ҶȣһͻȻõʲôѣɵ뵽̫ʼξ뿪ɽһĻ
ξıԴҲɹͨɹ뿪ɽ磬ȻǱ棬ȴҶȴʾ
ɹ⡭⣬ôʦ㣬칬֮ϣһͨΪҾͲأ
̻ңǰӤʼԼɹû뵽ھóˡ
ҶͻȻת·ʲôش֣Ҳ۾ĿԴ
ˣ
ҶȽӡӤҲʼӡȻӤģһ⣬̺˲ԣɹﵽ״̬
⣡
ں㣬״ķ㿪ʼ𶯣Ҷȼʱ⣬ںڷ֮С
ȻӤ̫һΪԼΪʱеķʣȻʼӿʹâǻɫķ飬Ȼͷųʹâ
ԭϴͬһɹͨ
㿴ˣҲ֪Ҷȳɹˡ
Լʱֱ֮һķ㣬ȻΪһƬʯ
ҶƣͻȻڣȥ̫ˣͬҪһܳͨĲ𣬲ǽһξ룬ͷһΣͬʱֽµͨһһεǰ
÷ӣ
Ҷͬʱֽкá
ǳͬʱҶңҶȽӡӤ͸ʵȻңȲ³һףףֱʮ֮
Ҷ߶⣬磬ʮƬУ£ʮķǰϷ״̬ʼʧΪ״̬
ûҶִ߶Ӥһķ㣬һͬΪ̬˷Ȼʹﵽ˼ꡣ
꣬µʮҵľ룡
Ϣ߶Ӥͺãûָƣ
Ҷ̫ˣЩʥ۷ʵ˵ķ缰ʱ߳ͬʱ߶ǿ
ʵҶȲ࣬ﵽ˽λʥңʵҪҶȲٵġ
ȻҶȿʼϢֻǸӤӡ֮ͬٶȣһ
Ȼ˶
ҶҲţھ֮УԴбΪӤǿųɫʯ򣬻д󲿷ֵӤҪģֻҪҶȲϵںϡ
Ӥٶֻ̫ҶȰС
ʱѾ㣬Ŀռ䣬ΧһƬڰ˱ķ㣬Ƿ㣬Լ֮
ӤϵͷųҶȵ̫һԼ⣬Ҷţ漣
һٶ󣬳翪ʼϢʱҶִ߶ͨ壡
ڣͨҪͷҪҪ
Ҷȷͨ壬ҪΪӤӤͬ㣬ȫԴбԼɸҪĻӣյͷ֮࣬㹻ˣԼͨա
ߣ綼ӵԼͨҲȱ
ֵͨٶȣѾ֣Ϊÿһͨʵﵽʥ۷壬ͨ壬͵ڰҶȵٶȣһ֮ࡣ
ҶҲûа취ͨҲˣһЧͺˣʱ䣬ͨ壬ֽķ㡣
缰ʱ滻ͨ壬ͨص䣬Ҷ׼õ
˷֮󣬲֪ʮ͹ȥˣ
Ѿǧ׶ķ㣬оʮֵĺ䣬ҷҲӵļ̡
ģ۵ˣ
ħͨ滻ͬСǿһĳħ𣬾ȻҲںۡ
һ󺹣Ҳһ˿ʼոҶһֱƿؾ棬ͨ岻ͬ
𽥵ģҶȸӦϢڻļ޷ӦɽϢǧ׶Ҳܴﵽɽ硣
ͬʱ˶֣ͨͨԼУҲ˵İģﵽƣ״̬ͨһδգﵽ۷壬ԼĶżĶ졣
ҶҲоʵǿˣѾﵽλʥӽ״̬ͻһˡ
仯ȻֹˣӤ
Ӥ仯һ㣬ǽӡٶȣԼļԦ֮ǰӵĴ죬ٶʮֹʹţҶȼ˸ӤȥٶȣҲﵽͬһ״̬ʱӤɱ䣬ǷԾġ
ڹͨ벻ҲһУ뺣֮в࣬ģǵϵĥ
䣡
֪ʮȥ
ȫΪӤʱҲǧķͻȻ·Ȼ飬ҵ𶯡
ͬһ̤ƵģʧȥģŷʣһĵĿռ䡣
ռͻȻ֣˾һ󣬵ռ䣬Ǿ뵽꣬ɽʱڹ˲ٿռ㣬Ԩˮʴγɣܶķռ䡣
ңҲ΢ˮµԨˮ
ħʴЦ벻ôܽռ䣬纵ǣòײռ䣡
ôף⴦ռ䣬ֻżȻԨˮʴɣҿռ̫ˣ˲ɫҲʼи
ΣջˣҾ͵Ϣ
ҶҲӤԴ֮УҲûϢᡣ
ʵϴ󣬽ԨˮķѰҽһռͨǣ
Ҷȿڣ練ʵ˭֪жֿռ䣿ҪԨˮѰңҪҵ£ƶȦӣ
Ҷͬ˵ԨˮѰһռ䣬⿴Ǻ׵İ취ؼһ㣬ǽԼʡǲûйʱ䣬ٶ꣬ǻҪع磡
ǾͼͨаЦЦ
ںúϢָٶȿˣռ㣬Ҳʮ깦򣡡
ҶƺϣǰҲΪҪعɽ磬ˣѣ
ʮ겻ģ˵Ǽģǿ๤ūһҶóգóﵽʥ񼶱񵤣Լá
˾ںڰޱߵĿռ֮УԨˮĵԵÿնֵ


2052 صɽ
ԪյĹٴμɽǿߡ
Ӱһ̾·ķضףϣǵ·ԽԽĪҪ
һУ
ȻҶˣֱӺ˺ķ㣬ңҶˣУǺεȵ
٣Ǹ޷⿪⣡
䣡
ռ㣬Ҷȡơ޷ԿءٶȣȻֱӽķ㣬ҷϢûϢŨҵɵϢ
Ű˵ʧ˽һǳķ㣬ԻعȻŲŵĿ⣬׷̧ͷֻϷضͨݣˣԼؽ磬֮ң
ģһһУǣ׶㡭
һ򲻷˵ĳħ𣬴ʱ
̾˵ʵѲʥ񡭡
ţʵݺ㣬дڣƷҲ񣡡
ҶҲΪ֮һ̾²ӰʵԼŵľ磬Ӱʵ̫ǿڻδӴԲ֪񵽵ʲôͨӰǲڡ
˵ʵǿԹģն꣬ԽĻôɽȻȻҲеǿߣ޷ɽ硣
ԣӰΪߵԪʼ
һλԪ
Ԫʼ񣬻һԷߵߴڣ
Ҷ磺εȵĴڣ
Ƭ̧̣ͷˣҵ˵ǰͨɽĹûзգÿһԪд޷ͳƵķߣ磬һʵڱԴ֮ϣһЩ߾ͷγˣķߣڸ߲ᵽȻոγɣѾӵһʵôԪȥʱ䷢չڵͳȥﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ֲһλߣϸԪ֮ĩǰз߿ܶȥˣΪգҲַܳߣҪչȻҪеˣ
·һ࣬ǰ׵顣
ٴϷͱĿռ䣬̫಻⣬̫ɻ
طߵĳ֣һ޷͵ܣΪڹ֮УΪҪһصĽ磿
ǷߣʵΪβصɽ磬һЩǿߣ磿
ɻ̫ˣһؽһأ޷ͣ
һջ񣬾Ҷ֪磬ǹ¶ģ
ϴ󣬿Ѿɽˣķ㣬ɽϢ̫ۺˣռǰһƬ׵ԨˮΧƯһɰɫϢ
˶ϤѵɽϢ
ɻ޷ӦɽһУ˵һξ룬ò˼ܴﵽǼɣӤ
Ҷ߶Ӥٴϣһͨϳ״̬˲³ķ㡣
;ķ㣬Ѳǵ̤ʱĵطҲκϤطͬʱҲӸ̾ޱߵķ㣬һͷ
˲ϴʷ֮УĲΪɽ磬ӦôһЩʵϣķһģ˶оƬɡ
Լ֮
ɽ籾ԴϢ
ͻȻ䣬ҶȸܵԼɽϢڵΪ޽֮أԸоɽϢ
䣡
֮һƬҵ鱬ըŴķƬһ̤ͬһǳľ޴ޱʱա
޽֮أ
ٻӤҶƼؿɽ磬ΨԵúƽҲԣɽ
ڵ촫棬˴磬ͨ棬ɽ磡
ɲǼ䣬ҶǿĸӦԼеɽ籾Դ໥ͷ֮ҶȾȻɽ磬ﵽһ޷ָĵزıԴɽ磬ͬŴһõɽ籾ԴϿɡ
ţϡӦͥͥڡšǿߵϢ
ͬʱΧһ칬ƿصĹڣǾ칬һξ޽֮أϷǷ㣬㣬ǵʵھˡ
ţϢ
칬ҶҲܿ칬ַ򣬸ӦһǿҵĻϢ
ɽ֮УֻһΪﵽӵлϢǿߡ
ͷ
ǣֻһһ䣬Ǿͳڣ칬صĹڡ
һǶǣŷˣԼǿߣɱ칬һĻĻյ칬ͲˣҲһ칬֮ߣǧȥһж˷ǡ
һ˱ӦǧɽǿߣǳۣԼٵĴڣֲڹΧûзѰҽͨ
֪񣬶飬
ʦ𣬻ûʲô֣
칬ڵĸ߿գһռ䣬ΧѲߣڲ֮УֻͷϷһ쳤ۣ·мߣԵڵĽ룬վڳͷԱߡ
ͷʵҲﵽ˰񣡡
Ҷѳڴ֮⣬û˿ԸӦǣͬ꣬뷨ĩݺɽһġ
ͷ
һƮͻȻӿ
˭
ͷٴУ
˷ľٶҶû뵽ʵԼ칬ͥʧȥյλĻ£ͷӦò˾ٶ
ಣ
ִ֮Уس֡
ǡ
˼Ҷʱ¶ģ
ҶֵܣҶֵܣǾȻˣ
ͷӭˣǿߣҲ֪ǰ˵ݣǽ룬ҶʱѾ޷ŵ˫ۡ
ͷСӹͦе
ڴۣаЦЦ
˫ˣǵõͷҪƵ칬Ҳôס
ͷ˵ģʱ侲ȻΪ˵ǵɹȥ磬ִˣ
첲ȻˣȻվ
ͺãͺãǰֶʱ˵Ȼɹﵽ磬Ȼˣ
ͷһһһֱ
֮ҶʵôҲȥͨˣΪûͨͨ磡
ǣ
Ȼа취
ã
ͷ߶ӡ֣׷뿪
ʦɺãҶȵһʱ䣬ֶ۵
ã룬ͷĻشȴҶҪġ
ã
Ҷֻһ£Ϊֶ۵Ϊݺɽ粻⣬ɽ缸Ҳûڡ
Ҷüͷɽ磬ɼ̫ʼ
̫ʼƵһ񾭡
侲ͷ˼ǻصɽ磬̫ʼҲصɽ磿
ͷ׵ˣпشۡشۡԼţͷ񣬶˹ͥɱ˲ٹǿߣɣӣҲ
𣿡
벻̫ʼˣشۡشۡԼţͷ񶼻š
ɱɱ屻ֻͥصͥ۵ƿ֮УɽͻȻƱ仯ȷҶϲġ


2053 Ⱥ
һз̫ͻȻϼ𡢽̫ϹŶûзӦͷҶɫأ˵
˭Ҳ벻ͥۻû
ӦҲ֪ҶĹϵ򵥣ֵɽʿĻ뵽̫ʼ½
ˣǲ⣡
ʦȻȥͥ˰ɣҶƽʵ
ǱҪȥģǸͥйϵĶӣҲĶʦ֣̫ʼץߣҲˣ
ʦ֣
ʣΪͨߣ̫ʼץɣҪȥ磬࣡
ɽ磬Ѿʣ⵹ǿԽͣʦǻ̫ʼĶ֣
ǵȻģֻܶʱ䣬̫ʼȥǧ꣬ʱȥʱֻһˣˣȻǻ̫ʼ֣뽪̫ˣһʱȥֶ죬ʱҪȥͥ
벻ô飬ǻ̫ʼܣͶ˹ͥ쳣ǿɽ缸ֻ죬Ӧÿʼһͳɽ磬ԸΪеǿߣ

ͷնĻش𣺡־㣬̫ʼֻǰۣͥ¶عͥȻû˶ͥҲܰûжǸҲڰ׼ʱǣ
ֲóͷԵ˽Ҷˡ
ͻȻҶȣϴ󣬻̫ʼԸֻ½ˣôȥˣ
ûл˵ˣһӦͷش⡣
ȥֶ죬鷳ټоͷֶ죡
ҶȺȻվͷȭȳͷҶȡơѾϢ
޷Ӧһֱʣ
ɽ磬ֶ죡
ֶһʯƯ֮С
ˡ
ֶ󷨿ռ䣬һƬص磬ֶֻۣ
Ȼ˫ͫͷŴ۵Ĺâӳ˾ϲ
߳ǰ֮УӰҶȡԼ硣
ҶȣֶۼһҶǰ´ţͫȻ΢΢ʪ
Ҷȹʦ𣬵ӻˣİɣʦֵ£Լͥ£һжӣ
һ仰ȴʦͽ֮飬֮ͬ壡
ֶοصͷȻ磬պһȪΧͤ
ֶ֮ʳһҶѲµ⣺Ҷȣ磬ɷҵʦ䣿
ʦ𣡡
Ȼ⣬Ҷݣȥһǧʱʱ̶̿Ѱţǡ
ҶȵĳĬƺֶ۵õ˴𰸣οҶȵˣΪʦ֪ѾֻֻϺֶ̫꣬Σʦ֣ڻ̫ʼϣΪʦѲǻ̫ʼĶ֣һвУǹͥ۵ʵȻ࣡
̫ʼֻߣȥ磬ʵȻķǳ֮죬һֻ֮Ǽˣ޷߶ֻ֮ţڳΪѾͬˣ
ٺ٣ʲôˣԸ
ħЦȫѻ̫ʼһ¡
ֶ֪ԸҲû뵽һ£ԤУ·ʲôıغɽ磬ԣóҵ࣬ɱȥɽ磬գԻ̫ʼʵھͿɱκεľͷҡȵȣ
ţȥ磬Ҳкܴıʱ޷֪ˣʦˣ
ڻָ֮Уûд󰭣ˣ
ֶͻȻվ˫һƣһֳֶͨ죬ֻͨһˣϢƮĽ̫顢ۡ۴ɡϼԼͷߴ֣ͨ
ǼҶơʱĸ𺳡ɫ
ۣǼ֤ҶȵĴڣڳͷ֮磬ҶȻһڵĳɾ͡
Ҷȵߴʩ뽪̫飬Ҷ˵Ƕ˶Ӱ죬ݵġ
ͺˣ̫ʼˣΪɽҲĴ󣡡ϼЦ
ҶȣнĳɾͣϷҲܱˣۼ˵ˣδԼ
ҶһЦ֮䣬ʦѡ
뽪̫齻һᣬ̫һ⣬ѯҶȣû磬޵ˣҶȸȻû޵ˣȷ޵˻硣
ͥ뵶ڡˣ
ִֶһͨ˸£һᣬһͬͨ
ֻ֮ͨУն죬ŵһе
磡
Ҷƣӭȥ
λֵܣ
ն죬ٳҶȡӵһ
ֵܸ飬Ȼݣֵܣʤֵܡ
ڿ񣬹ߡ
ն죬ﵽΪɽ磬۷ǿ֮һ
ΧЩˣλˣڶ̶ʱ䣬˳ɾͣĸΪ֮
һ֮˿ʼΧȪ£˶һֱעҶȡϢԼκζΪǴ˲漣ɽ磬˳ȥ磬ڶ̶̵ʱ䣬ֻصɽ硣
Ǣһ֮˶ˣҶȵߴһϢ½һԭ򣬾Ҫλ̤磡
磡
̫ۡЩΪ֮һ
磬̫ˣʥأŹݣԼǰ칬ѹǸϣڣϣѾʵ
Ҳܼӯ
Դȥֶʵ
࣬ܶ඼⣬Ŀǰ㣬ֻдﵽľͷȥ磬ûаΪȥҲᵱ編ѹ
Ҷ˵ң⣬ɲȥ磬ȻֵҪȥ磬ǰҪɽ󷽹̺ãҶ֪ǵ϶֣̫ʼҲ½ˣҴǷͬѰǿߣöԸҪȽ鷳Ϊ̫ʼʦˣǿ֪ɽѹסģҲֻˣ£λͲù̫࣬ҿԼѣΪﵽǿߣҲҪȥħаľͷһɽ磬ܲףܴ߶ٰҲֻܾΪ
ûһʱ磡̫
ǰʱ䲻ֻ࣬ʱ䣬Դץʱ䣬ټǿߣ̫ƻˡĸ滨ŵȵȣ
ꣿ
Ҳоʱȡ
ǾȥͥһˣڹͥԼѡȨǻ̫ʼҵ֣ǲŹǵģλǰץʱɣ
Ҷվʩû˿ļӣͬǸС
ಣ
һâ硢񡢽ն졢ԼҶգ۾Ͳˡ
̫ɽ磡
̫ɽ磬޽֮λãӵңԶĵطǨƹ
Ҷȵ̫ɽʵȻﲻͥЩϾ̫ι̡
ʱ˿̣̫ɽ޴Ľǰɳʿ
ǰǻġҶҶԶɾȵȺԼмˣЩҶշǿߣԷ
ಣ
գҶơ硢ն졢ơշ
ݼҶ
ͳͳֻкǿ΢΢ȭ


2054 ս̫ʼ
һɨҶȼ̫Ϥףꡢٻ³롢̫ľȵȣͬҲӭҶȣгԼ硣
Ϊ̫ɽǿߣΪȻﵽ񣬿Ҷ뿪ɽ֮ǰµĴΪҪãپֲ̫ɽ籾Դ֮У˷ãһɽΪϵ
Ȼֻǧ겻ȴͬԪûƵģϾȥããڵ硣
̫ĻҪ˵Ҷһһÿ˵ǧ꣬Ϊߵĺܿ죬ǴﵽģҲֻлɾҶˣҲδﵽ񣬶Ҽ꣬Ҳܴﵽ
ںϣǰҪľ磬磬ȴûиıʣҲûõģҲֻԼŬɽô꣬͵İͷ
֮˻ع̫ɽ磬ֻ»ģ
̫ʼǹͥûɽ鷳Ҷʵĺֱӡ
˫ͫڼֻйͥϸʱʱûɽ֮ڣһһĨɱ
ܺãҪȥһ˹ͥȻȥΪӣڲҲһЩʱҪɾ̤磬ʱɽ磬ܾɽ绹Ҫ
Ҷóһö䣬ģһ֮󣬵ʧա
һṦ
Ǿλɽ޽֮Ĺͥ
ڲҶעӹͥĶֶ̫ۡ顢ۡˣעţҪⳡ
ϴƻ̫ʼﵽʲô磿˻ͥƺȻʵ
ֻߣֵõֻ֮ţҹţΪڸ߲֮䣬ڸ߽λ߲񣬻ǵͽλ񣬵ܴﵽʥ񣬾ţҲܣȻ˸ඥ
˵ˣ࣬౳ݽݽǿԪ˭֪ǻõʲô
ٺ٣ģ¿ģ
ţԵúܵ⣬ڽն죬ѾȫûʵĻ̫ʼ֡
ҶȺȻʲôתնԣϢˣλ磬ֵܿ磬ΪѰ˲ı
Ŷն治ѡ
磬Ľ
΢΢䣬ıӿһɵ⣬ҶصЦպҵõһţΪ콣ǿؽǴһ֮УõĴУ콣һʱ䣬ȷһŲ˼Ľ
ಣ
˵꣬ڽǿҺ֮£Ҷһ㣬ͻΪһӡǣڽü֮ϣһʱ¶ЦݣѾڣֻص콣
콣Ǵ֮зֵģŽõģһţò˼Ľ
ӵõ콣Ҷ뵽ľǽѴﵽ˽һĵزֵز磬һЩʿ޴ﵽҲҶ磬Ӳʩչ콣ԭ޽ҪĿǿŽжôǿ
ҶְնһԣΪ˼֮УҶȵ磬ֵõٵ񵶣ÿһȵڵĿԪǿһѣֵնɱһ𳬼ǿõģΪˮ¾
նѾȲˮ¾
Ҷ˵ɣȴΣգնɱ槣ŵõﵽȼĲ񵶡
ಣ
֮䣬ΪһߴСˮ¾ͷſ¹⣬⣬ϰ
ն춼޷ɰҶѹ֮󣬲Űˮ¾ն죬ߵõ֮󣬵ʼĥ뽣һһǽգһ
ٺ٣Ѹо̫ʼϢ
ʱħͻȻͷһЦ
Ҷԣħֿͥȥɣ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һȭȭΪԵâŵħͻȻΪһȭӡųһȭգۣͻйͥļ̷
ͻͻͻ
ֻһȭ
Ǻһȭѹͥ󲿷ֽ磬飬вؽǿߣ۵߹ʹŽ䡣
ħ𣡡
̫ʼ㵵ʱӹͥڲ
ƷһɭɭЦ̫ʼСӻʶүүģСӳ˼ȣȥ磬Ͳʵӵ㣬û뵽㻹һɽ磡
ಣ
ֻʮӰֶΪߣǻ̫ʼ֮ˣشۡۡشԼţͷǿ߶ǹͥϹŶ
գ˳ħҲ˺󷽵Ҷȡ磬Լն졢
һɽǿߣҶȡ磡
˶ʼ¶ɵĿ⣬شۡشۣٴμҶȣܸоһлУͬĿ⣬ǾǺ⡣
ûҶȣͥ켣ᷢת䣬ۣҲ̳
̫ʼҪɫе⣬㵣ǾȻͨ棬صɽ硭
ԣǾͲɣħ𷴳һ
ԣΪǲĴڣأ֪ǣϣҵξЩ꣬Ҳעˣ̫ʥءʥءʥԼʥصĶͬɽķߣϧǸ纺ĺŮӣ󱻺ץˣб£ȥҺ
ô㣬һҪ㣬Ҫ㽻ֶԼ壡
ƣЩ겻㻹ǰǸƢѵΪһ̫ʼ統칬ܣ
Բ֪ˣ࣬㵹Ǳˣ
һȥֱҪ֣̫ʼƺ붯֡
ȻҪȡ裬Ҳ㣡
̫ʼ˲޽֮أƽ֣꼰أ
ಣ
ҶˣҲʱȥۣͥҲŸ̤޽֮ء

µâ޽֮ͻȻըʱʮ޽֮ؿռ䣬ʼ飡
ɽ
ƣû뵽㶼ﵽ߽λˣռ֮У̫ʼڻռ֮С
ƴһ߳Ҳﵽλ
žžž
˵꣬һڶУһȭһȭûʩչͨ
ֻߣ̫ʼΪȳƵͣʵȴǿף
֮⣬ͻȻҶȾ˵
࣬ʲôʲôʵķӣҶҲе⣬̫ʼΪٶҲ̫ˡ
ʮռٴŶ˽֣ﵽڵĿռ䣬ģκΰ񣬻Ǹ߲󣬶ſռ顣
ҶѸӦǧ޽֮أֶ̫ۡ顢ˣߵĶΧ˸ٻǰǿߣӦϢ
ûиӦϢҶȱǴ㣬ȥħڵģɻǾãȰ壬ȳ˵
սɽӰ޷ѹƣֻҪﵽ٣ǰľͷ𽥸Ӧɽ磬е֮ս
ٺ٣̫ʼ㲻߶ֻͨҾ͸ÿ
ͻȻռ룬ħڨڨЦݣֻһâȭӡɨռ䣬һѪ
ããˣˣƣɽ磬Ҫǻٴ򣡡ԵЩٵĻ̫ʼȻȷˡ
е㲻Ը
ҲԣȽˣƻ˲ǿƵĺȵ
Ѿڴ;УǷ˰ɣ
̫ʼ仰ȻҲ˵ġ


2055 ֻߵ
Ծ
ȻҶȡ簵н̫ʼţҷô˹أ
򣡡ЦЦ
ҶȺȻΪЦƣȻ򣬵¾ȳʦ֮ٺúýѵѹѹֻߣǶΪֻʣ
ϴҪ
Ҷ⻰̫ԳƢˣףŹ̫ʼȻסᣬҪ
̫ʼץסֻᣬҲŹǶˡ
ƵĿ̫ʼĥĥģ
˵̫ʼûƢһλҲûǰư칬ʱɲԸĪǧ꣬һˡ
Լһ֮ʮͥϢɽ磬޽֮أ̫ʼһ㣬һˡ
֣㲻ٵģҶǳ̫ʼô
޽֮ա
ֶ̫ۡ顢ͷȾͷڹעⳡֶ̫һֱüһЦ
һۣͫ˸Ӱǰ̫ʼֻһˣⷽȫռƣǲ֪Ҷô룬᲻ûȡͥ
ҶСӵӣ㲻Թ֣ͥҲȲֻеҶСǺģŹǣǷŻɽ
Ӧóûѹ̫ʼԼۣ
ЩͷɫʼָƽǰһĻ̫ʼйۣͥҶȵǰȫͲ¡
ʦ֣壡
Ż̫ʼͷŵƿʮӰڵ޽֮ذգҶһ۾ͼ룬屻ǿӡţ޷ǶżɫҶȵˣҲ쳣ˡ
ƴһˣ
ᣡ
̫ʼһһΪħһʮ֣̫ͥʼ

Ҷһǰһȥ߶ɷ˲ϢͰѶϷյøɸɾһ˿ʣ
ʦܣҶӵһ
壬ЩˣҲûд󰭣οЦЦȻҶһ裬ֱڰʧ
գۣǾͱҶŲƵ֮⣬ȥֶ۵ߡ
ߣ̫ʼżĴʮ֣ͥת޽֮ա
ħһ̤룬仯ΪһħӰâڻ̫ʼǰһţ
ƣѽǣôҪǵսʵҪܵѹƣֻܷӳϲʲô˼̫ʼҧȻŭˡ
壬ǽˣһˣҲҪ
˭˭
ֶĴʦ㣬ξ񣡡

̫ʼһƺ벻ħᵽξҡҡͷ磬ɽ磬ص磬ٽǣ˰ɣ
Уտڰ£ҳûκ˼ͻȻõЦݡ
ħΪ㣿
ʱ˿̣̫ʼףħһֱѰģŭգûг˼ŵص磬ҪôҶ㣡
ٺ٣̫ʼû˼㵱ͷڹ꣬Ǵûе£һŹβȱĻ᣿ģȻ˵˾ͽˣҲ̫֣㼸ƣ㼸ţҲ͹ˣ
̫
ڣ̫ʼηηģһƣʮ֣ͥʧ֮С
԰һȭ
˵ʱʱ죬ħӰʱ̫ʼ
ɽ磬ҲҪܵԼģ귨ĩ࣬ɽ֮ʱʵҲ²񣬳̫ʼʵʥȴҲֻܷӳϲ
Ѿǳ˷ĩ࣬һֻߣһĿ齫עҪԽƽ촫档
ۣ
ħӰ̫ʼֵĿռ䣬ʱռһ飬·綼ҪһȻħӰһ𣬻̫ʼ³һѪ

һħӰ⣬ֳûײڻ̫ʼĺ󱳣ԶħӰһ׷ȥ
Ҷˣʵ̫ǿˣ
벻ǿǺ޻֮Ļ̫ʼȻǳħĶ֣ҶȵʵҲֲ̫ˣ
һۣͥԼţͷ񣬻֮ǰ̫ʼͳʮ֣̫ʼƣռϷĸ̾
̫ʼУѾ޵еĴڣʱУڳơҶȡ˵Ŀ־壬
̫ʼǵͽλ񣬶Ǹ߽λôǰĶ֣ʵ㣬үүѹģǴϳ治
ħӰ֮УֻħΪһâһȭͻл̫ʼ˫ȭ֮ϣû̫ʼڽڰˡ
̫ʼʮǱǧ꣬ħһγԽǶ֡
Ȼдͨûд߶
ħʲô㵱ãһ㲻ɣֻͨ
̫ʼƵģò߶ʵ
ֻٶȡ̫ʼ̫ĳƣһâл̫ʼ̫ʼƲִ֮Уӭȥһըռ飬̫ʼһΣȻûбɣǿƺ֮Уת˳ȥ
һĻӦ黯һУо˵ƣ
Ŷ
üͷһʼ磺ֻ߾ֻߣ̫ʼǧ겻Ȼˣ
ֻԶ޷ģ̫ʼָֻ꣬칬ʱİ
ʱҶȰдƣ̫ʼֻߵĴֶͨΣĹתƳȥգֻתʩչͨԹͨҲתӡֱ幥̫ʼӦֻתתʵ﹥
ã
ħ죬̳һһƬڵĻƣ̫ʼ
ߣ
̫ʼȻûܣұһ˦ָץ𣬾Ȼ𣬿ͬɷһȻ֮С
ȫʧˣʲôϢûС
ӽţħͷųһƬ
ˣ
̫ʼȻͬʽĳ뽣濹⣬Ȼ󣬰н·ڡ
ȣ
һףͻȻ̫ʼϯȥ
̫ʼɴݲȣһ̯ģףȣɱףɱա
ͻȻ䣬֮Уһֻƣһ𿪱ף̫ʼƶơ
ͨΪ𹥵ĳħƣڻ̫ʼָ֮ϣʱоԷ֣һɿµҪƶߣ̫ʼҲ˫ۣѳħҲߣֱһ𣬱ƶұֱۣӰѻ̫ʼɡ
ۣ
Ȼã̫ʼһαһѪ
ˣֻǲˣ
Ҷȶڻ̫ʼͨһδγ棬ֻδ̫ʼͬͨҪԭֻߣ̫ʼǣֻߣŴﵽ̫ʼʮ֮һ
ӵͳѪĻ̫ʼֶΣҶУͨѾ̫ʼֶΡ
ٺ٣̫ʼζܰɣţ
ݻ̫ʼסӰͻȻΧħӰħӰȻ̫ʼѰʱͻȻһȭҼ硣
һκû̫ʼٴܵشƵһȭݺݻţһ𣬶ʱһͷĳޱȣһӣ֮ǰӢ˵Ļ̫ʼ


2056 صĵǿ
ңң
ʵ̫ң̫Ǳˣһ󣬶һǾֻߣȻ˻ͷϡ
ս֮⣬ͥһ֣̫ʼ⸱ģĸԸš
̫ʼ㲻ֻ֮𣿶ֻͨӦûаɣħֻΪħӰհﶯš
ħ˵б£һսɽҵʩչҲĶֻ֣֮ţ㣬Ҫҳֻ֮ţħֲУ
̫ʼȻǱûʧȥǡ
翴Ҷȣ̫ʼʲô˼ɣڻ޷߶ֻ֮ţԼͨ
ȷˣ̫ʼĿˣѵ˵ͬ˸ƵģԽԽ͸ʲôıҶ̬ɣȻҪħѵ̫ʼƵֶΡ
һץ̫ʼǲԵõֻߣ֪ܵһж
˻ᣬȻܰװ׷Ź

ħӰͻȻۣΪһָͻȻһ㣬̫ʼʤħһЦָڻ̫ʼţʱһѪ
ಣ
ݻ̫ʼӦʱ䣬ħһ㣬һΣࡣ
ˣ̫ʼɲˣø³һΣҲżˣۣ·Ҫ߶ʲô
ţ
ҶͻȻüͷһ壬̫ʼ󷽵Ŀռ䣬ͻȻħߺΧƺйϢ
ʲôħһ̣ٶ
ಣ
ڻ̫ʼҲ࣬ʯ䣬һĵĺɫâͻȻͬ˦βųƾǳľ
ಣ
ħһԵʮףڻ̫ʼ󷽵ǿ߹£֮⣬Ȼǵɫâ
û°ɣ
һ˻ƵͻȻڻ̫ʼ߳֡
ããֻƤˣʲô㲻ó֣ҿԸһۣⳡΣ̫ʼһ˵
ʱҶ磬½ն졢ħڰۣΪ˶оոճְ̫ʼˣϢ̫ˣǸ֡
ħЦ벻ߣ˸Ϊ㱣ݻ򣬽Ҫúʰһ٣
ħҲ⣬ҳĲŻ֮£ֻ֪ζʲôҿ̤۷壬ܣ
̫ʼסţ԰һЦ
Ϊ뿪ƷһȻҶ綼ˣǾ˵Ź̫ʼ
бǶ˻̫ʼ
ʱڻ̫ʼһ࣬ˣֳһλźɫ멵ĹˣϢ޵ģҪɽϢɽıԴڡ
ȻҶȵҲˣǶɽ磬ȻҪɽıԴĸ߼
Ҷһɨ멵ĺˣξȻǸӦϢֻɲϢҲ̫ʼһͬ½ǿߣɽ磬磬ϣ¸㣬Īִ£һ֣ҵĵˣ
вķһ䡣
вôħаĸߺ֪ԷǸǿߣ޷ʵǿߣͲ£˵ʲôʲôóʱẬ
̫ʼ˵ɽ粻ǽ֮أħһֱ㼸֣ĪҪ̫ˣҪԸģ
ҳħ𻹲֪ôдģ
ħΪȻȻҶȣϴô
ô̫ʼ칬ǵϣһҲˣҵĵ࣬㣡Ҷ˵ˣ̬Ҳԡ
಻֣СܿȵģЦһ̫ʼһֱϢǲ뱩¶죬ҵ˳ˮ飬࣬⼸ֻϣһɽ粻ǵƿ֮£Ҳ㽫ǵĺ
̫ʼĬһһһơҶ磬ɫ֮УóҪһ棬һǣͷȻҪ֣Ͱǳ

˲мһ˵ЦЦ
ӿʲôͣ
ħһţݲñŵˣԵһɳΪħӰֱˡ
ͣ
˵һٶȾȻħһȭħӰһ죬ȭͷȭͷײһγɵƻ̫ʼֵĳ̶ȣΧռ䣬һλš
ಣ
ңƱԷ˺ǧףһ㵣ǿ֣Ǹ֣ӲȣȻȫԽң
һĵֻǸ񣬾ʥ֣ЧҲòȥǲҵĶ֣˵ʵұ֣ҪҲԹңֻ֮һͿնɱˣ
Բѣ
ȥ
ǶԷٶȣԳԽһȻһȭһΣ˵ȭͷѳƵұۣһ顣

ƴŭһ޷ұۣûðɣ
̫ˣ
ͻȻҶȳԱߣó˺󣬳Ȼģ֪˵Ķ֣֮УΨҶʵǿҲֻаϣҶϡ
˴һۣЦһλʥڱǰҲǰΪڱǰ඼㲻ϣ
𣿡
Ҷȵ֣޽У޵һˡ

һΣҶȵٶȳƽһԣ˿ƣٶȴͬ߶ȣԷûռϷ磬޽ҲڶԷǴڶԷ֮ϡ
Ȼ޽޷˵˰֣ƣ̫ˣû˿˺ۡ
ǿ
Ȼǿס
˵Ϊ˵Ǹ߽λ񣡡
һУҲǳԶԷʵһУҶԷʵͬаǿߣѴﵽ߽λȫǶ֣ףԷΪ˿
үүģǻݺᣬȻɽ磬һޱǿķߣһ֡
ħһұѾָòࡣ
ɽ磬Ϊô꣬һֱصԭɣҲһ⣬벻ɽ磬һǿߡ
СʵǺǣǸǱϧҺնɱţΪǱҾǾ޴в
ˣһ䣬޷ĻȻϢٶȣͳԽҶȼ֮ࡣ
ߣ
Ҷ뵽ٶȣ߶߽֮ϣ˹ʱյȭͷ
Сģߣ̫ʼں󷽺һ䡣
ߣ治뵽ɽ磬ȻֻߡͨߣԼߣɱɱǵĴڣǶв
˵һ䣬ĻһΣ߶ٶȣƺҲȻԵòˣһĺâͫʱơо˲ĺ
ǡ
һҶȣͻȻԺһĻ龻֣Ȼ𺳵ؿ׼ˣ㣡㣡㾹Ȼ󣡡
Ŷ
˻ͣס̫ʼҲ𾪲ѣͻȻʲôˣҼǵˣҶҲһĵͨ
꣬Ҷ칬Կʱȷչ¶̫ͨʼʱ
ħȻŭүģǵ󣡡
ݣôãȻƫƫǼֻϿ
˷·ԳһЦЦ֮Уǿҵɱ⣬ƺˣ֪


2057 һ
ǵ
ֻǾ̫ͻȻɽôͻȻֵ
Ҷȶԣȴɻ󣬷·һӴ
ʿ޷磬ҪΪԶͨҲʮٻ𣬵µָΪ棬һڸ磬磬ʿǿԽ뷲磬̤ɽġ
ô꣬δ˵ʿɽ磬ΪʿΪײ㶼󼶱ĴڣԵ޹ʣǲ̤ͼķɽ硣
ǰλǿˣΪ˼飬ȴԵϢ޷ӹҶȵĸӦΪɽ磬Ҷ֪ġ
뵽࣬ΪߣɽϼԪѵڼ䣬ʲôϸ𲻳ɣ
򣬻̫ʼΪϵ˲ͬѰ
ΪԶ̫ʼǻ̫ʼύģֻһܣ࣬౳ݽ
ĩЧҲһϵ
࣬Ǿ
֪кĿģɳĩɽռɳһĩѵͲɳ½磿
ǰˣǷڹ
̫ʼǽƻԭ󲻵Ϊɽôһ޵и֣
ưҶȡ罻ţӣһ޵ۿʰ̫ʼ磬֪̫ʼһӻߡ
ѵҲܶԸģ
ƴʵȻĶ֣
ҶȺͬһ㣬ȴɵﲻǵɽ磬Ȼ磬Ҳɽ硢磬ɽ硢ƽȴڵĴ磬ΣʿҲɽ編֮ϣֵõɽ編Ͽɣһ߶ǧͼɽ֮Уҵٶȵһ˿ɼҲ޼£Ǹǿ󣡡
ѽôϴɽ籾Դ͵õɵ־ϿɣϴǧͼֽΪɽһռ䷨ǿЦģӲüɵһˣ
ǻʱΪУǿԴ߶ǧͼɵߵأͥڡˡֶ졢šȵǱ꼰
⵹ص㣬ҿʱЭ
˸뷨֮ҲҪɽΪ
ҶȵͷȻͿ̫ʼԼصĵǿߣ̫ʼ˵ĲҪ򣬿ȥ磡
֪ǵʵѡڣֵ̫ʼˣһ֣˭
ǿЦˣһұ޷͸ǵǱǣ񲻻ɳΪҵвߣ
ƷתҶȻףԷװݡ
ҸһΪȥ˭Ҳκβ˭̫ʼӦ֪ߣһдǧͼΪɽ磬ҵٶȾ𣿡
ԲѣȻϢһУǣ
һǿ߾Ȼͷž˵ĵâͬһƬȼգȻȻĳһӡȻ޴ǰ㺧ˡ
εȵ
ɽ籾Դӳǧͼ
˹Ҷȡơֻ˫ͫĵҧҶȴ߶ͨɽȻΪһ壬ϱǧͼھ޴ӡɨʱͳͳΪǳӰʧ
ͻͻͻ
ԵǿߵӡȻڵ׿ռ䣬ó飬ռͬ״κʣ׿ռ֮ڣᱻ˲ɱ
ǡ
ٶȣ
ƣҶ˾ûлĿܣſռ˺ѣǵǿüͷһδžɫֻϣȻܴӱߣ
ˣʵ޹أ
̫ʼԱߣид֮̾УʮϡٵĴڣԽ󲿷ʣϴõɽһռƳΪɽ֮УƾΪҪȥһͿԵϴ£ҪܵɵĿƣ޷ٶȣ
һҪնɱǣɱˣᱻǲסǿüͷ
̫ʼҲûޡ
ಣ
Ŀռ䣬ѾںһֻǧǰҶȡơֶҶȵЦѵǻҪȥ
̫ʼ߳һֶҶȣǼסǻģʱб£ҹһս
ٺ٣Ķֿǰħ𲻸ˣŵĺȵ
Ϊ֮
ҶȲ˵ʲô߶ǧͼʧ
벻̫ʼôӲ
˭뵽󣬻һ޷ĴڣҲã˫ȥγУʱȻͥɽսʱɽȻͿ̿
ҶѾ뵽һ㣬ѡһ
ֻ˵ǻ̫ʼʱδ
֮⡣
ֶھͷ֤̣Ȼû˫ԻȴҲ߰˰ˡ
˷׷̾Ϣοǳ̫ʼõĻᣬ֪ջ޷ʵ֣˽һᣬһͬɽ硣
ڻи࣬Ϊ֮սǿߣҲϢɢȥɲҾ
˿̣
ֻʣ»̫ʼǿߣԶۣͥŹַ̫ͥʼǿʩˣĪҪ
ǿҡҡͷֻ벻Ϣôͱ¶ɽ磬ǱЩ˸ӦǾվڰ
СҶˣˣѣҲ޷赲ǵļƻ
Ȼģ취ֻϣ
ǿ߿Ѿ˱ɱ֮ģ̫ʼͥڸڵķ
ɽ磬ֶ죡
֮У
ʱһǿֶۻӭ£磬˵ĶԼ߾Լ̫ƻж졣
֮У̫顢۵ˣѾصֶ죬ֶۣһͬӭľͷ
ɽžͷľͷɽͷĴǲһˣǴľͷ
ͷ£һᣬͻȻ뿴⣬ҶվֻҶȡơ뽣ն졢һ
Щͷ˽ҶȣȻǴ֮У޷ţȥ磬Ȼܻصɽ磬ʲôֱ
̫ۡѼҶһľͷȻҲƽ
Ҷʾ£ĩ˶飬Ƶ£Ҷұȭˣ;еĻ̫ʼˣʲôۣһֱϢ龪һ
ҶȣδҶ벻̫ʼʵԽǵĴڣ۵һڡ
ͷҲʵ֪ʲôͥڲʲô
ڻŪ
Ϊ˲ˣ֪ǿߵǿԼҶȾ֪̫࣬ûôջ̻̲
壡
ʱֶ״ӣֹԫ뻪Ӻ߳
ˣ״ӣһҶ״żЦݡ
Ҷȵ뼸λʦ֡ʦʺ򼸾䣬ƣֶ۰£˵ѺõĲࡣ
лҶ֮󣬱㵱ڵ֣֮ͥͥͿʼգκ˲룬Ʊƽ˾ȥͥ·ʲôϧ֪ܵģֻۣԼ̫ʼ
⣬ɻ־ûʲô֮뷨ͬһͬ㣬ǾǶԹͥǡ


2058 ħ֮У
λ½磬żҪص磬ȥ磬Щ񵤣ʱǰӦ
ͥʱһ䣬ʱҶȰѻתƵ֮ϡ
˻һΪ֮һ
磬˭˲ȥ
۵һӦ̾һϹͷˣܺڣû໨ŴۣһͬϹһѣζҪȥ磡
ܴܲϸѣ̫ƻʳһˣĵ⡣
Ҷȿ̫ƻ˵ɽ磬ͬһӪƵ칬ҲһݹͣЩ꣬Ҳάͬ˹ϵҲһӪѡ
ⲻ⣬ˣûƣһҶԴ磡
̫ƻԼеľͷǴŸľͷҶȼ硭Ҳ֮ͣǵ磬ŷ̫Сˣﵽһ磬ֵôͷʼӵײһУɳһΣޱȵ磬ϣ㣬ֻаȥ磬Ϊ̤磬סϴ񣡡
ƵĿڣչ¶ɽеǿ߷緶Ȼ·ֺξ
ɣ
ಣҶȻ֮䣬һſ񵤾ͷڳͷУˣҪ񵤣ֱֶȡǡ
ھͷõ֮ĸΪ䱦ģһһл֮һ뿪磬ֶͱ
նҲȥҶ⼸ڣ콣ںˮ¾ǿ۷壬̤磬꣬ҪںǾս
ҶǣܴﵽԤڡ
ҶǰָһһעڣϧΪֻǶ٣δﵽ޷ȥˣЩУΪﵽ˸߶ȣʵҲ
ǣۣͥһξ롣
ΪңܿˣҶȻһ˵
ҡҡͷһж֮ɢЦĵҲҵĵҵĵעҪģɹЩѣҲһ̤磡
ΪţҶ˵ѲǶ֣ѣҲͬˣôȥǵ£ʲôҶѿ͸Ҳ͸ˡ
˿Ϊˣö㹻еģ滹һǷһ뿪Ȼͥ棬ЩҲģҲóԿ
óһö䣬壬֮һ㣬һϴ֮ȫһʡ
ⲻΪΪϴ裡
ʦܣ
ʱֹԫġΧ
ߴ״ӣȻֻʣˣȻʱһзգ֮УЩȥ£췢һҶɳ
̤񣬵Ҷȴֶй˽⣬Ҫ̤磬ôֶҪһǿߣֶ۱ˣ
ֹԫġΪӽ񣬵Ҫǧ֮䣬һһͻƣҲΪͷ뿪֮ɽмֶ֧Լɽ硣
Ƕȥ
ֶۻˣڵʩ뿪
һԣҶȹӭֶ۵һ࣬۵֣ͥӦò˵ǰɰɣ
ţ̫ʼǿߣһԵǿߣ˼ʮ֮һҺߣܼԦɽ籾ԴϴǧͼҲκβȻҲ޷κǣ
ԵǿߣĪйϵ磬һջûУ
ֶۣһֱڵŮİΣ
ⷴҶȸеܲҡҡͷȴûʲôȥ磬һֱ뾡취ѰḶ́¶˵ˡ
۾ͻȻڣ֮ǰһԥҾһȥ磡
Ҷȡơ綼ͷҶȵǺǣȻãȥ磬ֲǻزɽ磬ʱҸʱ䣬ǻǿԻصɽ磬ҿͥƣڹǿߣܾɽ粻̫ƽȥ
ϴ󣬲ǱͥдǧͼգǱͥǰ㣡ħڵǿϳԿһĻĿƵġ
У
ҶնĵΪͥһжأǲŲܿϻ̫ʼȻзһݾߣ̫ʼҲס֣ʱɽǾͳˣð취ȥ̫ʼҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬲Ը潻֣
ȷӦǲǣǲ꼰ɽ磡Ҳ޳ɡ
ʦҲú׼һȻȷҪ̤ϸȥһħ
ȥˣȷȥһˣϴ£ֶ죬Ҫ֣ڵʵѾֻںòҲܵĸã
𣿡
룬ҶȱȲơ𣬴߶ǧͼʧֶ졣
һ
޾ħأɽ磬ȫһĺƣԼ磬ħڴţ·֮£˯һħˣ
֮䣬ҶȾ͸ӦħֲƬ֮ϣϤɽħڡħȡħȴ½ħڡħڵȵȣѾӦ˵Ϣ
һ
գۼ䣬ͳһƬǺɫľ޴ǳϿգΧҲĳǳأħڡ
ֲħô꣬һֱɽ缸֮һԭͷȻʮ֮࡭
꣬Ҷ޷Ӧħڵʵ׾٣͸ӦЩڲͬеħͷһǿߡ
ಣ
ҪǰƬʹڵĵط֪һ֮УɳӰ
ˣ
øӦҶȾ֪ˣΪ֮䣬ֻмˣѪϢ֮һ
յħڣ˾͸ӦϢҶֻʵԼϢûѹϢܺܿӦ
գۼ䣬һȹˣĭһ˶˺ƽĵˣ
ȻƽҶȴĴһǰ㣬òʱȻҶҲΪ֮һΪϣٵѪߣͬȺࡣ
ҶȺЦˣ
ӣħҲشкֱӡ
ͬʱҶҲĭͷʾ⣬Ҳ񣬶δΪҶȴҪһһȵ̬ǰǰ㣬Եö⡣
Ҳơף̾˷򹬵Ⱥ
һ·ϣҶû˵ʲôҲֳĬֻгħʱֺǺǵģΪħħȻһݹС
빬
£ʼЩı仯

ãһЦѵõķΧֻħʮߣǰлҶϤɽۣɽҲ̤˰
ħ߽Ҷȡơ籧ȭϲ£ɽĴϲ£벻λ뿪ɽ磬ܻصɽ磡
ҶȿʩǰǻҪͷȥ磬ǰ׼һ£ͬˣԼͷһ̤磡
ȥ磡
ھͷĸͬ׵һ㣬ľΪĸţȥ磬ǹַˣʵǲܡ


2059 
ɽ𺳵ؿҶȣ·ļ䣬ͣڵֻ꣬һ񣬾ͲնɱҶȵһĻĿȥ磿
ϴЦƲƲЦ
λǰȻرգˣģֻܴϽ磬ﲻʿ̤ͻᱻķѹǰҲһܰٷְٰȫ
ҶҲͷȷŵ˵
ãϰ£Ȼλˣͺúòιħڣ
ħԵô󷽵ĺܣȻħˣƢԣȫʿֱӣֱֱȥ
ħ˴£ʼȥιħڷ羰
֮УҶˣѹй˽⣬ԭ磬ҲǶԶһǿ֮ѪѪ⣬أγɵڣ󶼾Զ֮ںϵģ̫࣡
ȭͷҶˣ
ּˣǼˣ֮
ҶȿĻصֿˣľѹǵҪȥ¹ҲΪħġԸͬӣӨӨաƽƽĹһӡ
ûʧ˭˵
Ҷһ㣬ϲ޷ƿأ;ʿҲ޷ƿء
Ҳ棬Ϊϲſʼ棬ʿΪ˻֪δգֶ֮͡
գҲûܳԽأ
û˵ʲô·һйȥҲһС
ˣ
ʮٵҶһ㣬˺󱳣ǿӿڣͱаų⣬Ҷȵ̫߼ˣܿ⣿
Ҷȷ֣˵Ĺ衢Ѫ֮УȻ࣬ƵĿѪֲ̫ˣĿģ⻹ʲôЩµʼ˵죬·Ҫռ
Ϣ̫ǿʢ޷ƿأɢȫˣ˵ĻƤѪߣҲΪںϣҲ޷Ԥ֪δ
ڿԿ϶һ㣬޷ƿһ޷ƣô˾ͻᱻƣΪ塣
о仰˵ĺеҩֶκǿȻҲиһ棬Ӧһܺõӡ
˲̺ҶȵǿѪ⣬ͳΪ塣
ʮٲ͸Ҷ𽥰ѹ˽֮УңٴδһЩ֮Ѫע˵ڡ
գۣĭͼϵѪߣ𽥵ĵһаϢҲʧ
ɫ
ˣڣӣԺѹڽ֮УҶΪģں̫żױûռȫ
֮Ҷͣ
ʱˣָֻ˾޵òҲǰʲôҲû£ȻȻʼС
ţҶ뿪ּҶȵлҶȾûʲô֣Ҳ׼һ£һ̤ͬɣ
磿ҾĻشȫΪġ
ҶοŮˣһΪǮȨǶˮһλãͷܰߣ֮ʣɹȻѵˣÿŮˣҪġ
磬жŮǳ
֣˾̫ʹ࣬ҾӦδںڰҲںڰУʲô壿Ӧô߳ڰӭȥһߣųʵľֲһУ
ֵⷬඥ
һӲ£ȷôһ㣬ʱףһߣһֵʹ࣬İҪ׷ܷḻҲܳ߳ʹ硣
һᾡģȻ
ȸǣ
Ҷοرȭͱʧȥ
̫ɽ磡
ħ뿪֮ҶȾơϣ̫ɽ磬Ҷóơ뿪һ󣬱ϾҲˣԼʥҪӦҲûȥͳˡ
ɾټ̫ɽĺģǧ˾ۼڴ֮УҶȵ˶ʩ񣬵Ϊ˻ӭҶȻع飬̫ɽֵľۻᣬҶҲʱ䣬Լĸĸ
ʱ䣬ó񵤣ùɾַȥԼ񵤣ҶҶѾӵаʵһһ񣬿ϧû֮ı仯ʱҲ޷ȥ硣
ҶѾȴŻɾ磬˼ɽ֮УҪһ㣬ɽڰӿ̫ɽҪػƬ
Ҷȵ꣬Ƶ칬׳֮ҶȲδ˳ƣ̫ɽվΪɽǿ̫ɽ翿Լɽ緢չ̫ɽһŵʵ
Ҷȥɽأپ˵ǿҶȣȫͬΣҶҲΪϴ裬úػ̫ɽ磬ЩӣھУȫ޷ע⵽Ҷȵ١
Ҳ̾Ҷĳɾ͡
֮ҶȾʹӾʬ
Ҷһֱǵ飬ҪΪ˰ᣬûʵûʱˡ
ʦ𣡡
ʱӰ󷨿ռ䣬ٻ
ٻһҶȣͨһ¡
ҶȵѸӦٻﵽٵΪΪ鱦ϲѪ壬ԼʮٵѪߵݣڵͬҶȵǰ̬ǧ̤꣬٣ʵҲͷࡣ
ɽɽѾǧڣţ˾ɽ磬ȻĿǰʵ޷ﵽһţΪɽ΢Ĺϵ׳ٶȣһһ
ΪҲﵽһ٣ھɽ磬һͷ
˾˺һҶоþöƽģǾñط꣬ΪٻĳɳҶһֹˮĸоǵı仯ֻʵѾΪԶһ
ţҶֵĪȻ
ΪҲʣں˷ߣĪȻҶһͨ塣
ĪȻΪﵽ˶٣ٻ໹еģٶȣѾܾˣʣδ˲ţ磬Ҷֲһһ£һܱסˡ
ԣ˴ϽĴ㡣
ʮ֮ҶˡǢʮ֮ڣһһɹģͬһò⣬ҲҶЩĿһ棬õֲ
ʱҶѾ뿪̫ɽ磬ɽ޾֮ϣ
գ·޾ɽʱգ޾ȻƮյζȻӦþȻȻ
Ҳ˵佨һĹˣ׵ذ壬ɽ޾ʱ֮Уһ˱ɽһ޷룬õĻʽ
ǰ𣿽Զɽһ𣬾ʧֻҪɽ粻Զɽ繲棬Ȼ棡
֮䣬ֳֻ˾Уܰ꣬Ҳһȥˡ
𣡡
ָһһƬʱס˵塣
ͬʱҶȿʼ߶ɽ籾Դһʱ䣬Ӱ˷ۼĺ嫱ԴںϽڡ


2060 Ŵ
ԴԽԽ࣬񷣬·ĻҶȳȫڡ
ŷ𲻶ȼգ˽ΪӨɽ籾Դں֮Ҷȵջ֣ľӨʼűԴӿ񷡣
Ӵˣɽ籾ԴںϣԶ֮У飬˵Ҳ˵Ŀγʲô޷ĳ˵õΪһߡ
ಡ
ȻϤϤʵƿǳˣ޷֣ҲӦҶߣκӲĶ䡣
תĻգ֮䣬ŵӰĻֶ
ԭǣ
Ϊǵˣɽδ֪ǿߣϾɽ֮Ҳֻ漰ɽ磬ԼΧʱգңԶģҲʱա
νɽ磬ʵҲֻټɽ磬һ˱ȽϼеʱգɽȻֹôһʱա
Ҷȸ־ϲЦݣձȭһò
ҶȣȻ㣡
ŴӰһһ֣Ϊɽ֮һİһ
ڰһߵİˣ밢һһǿҶȻıԴϢǾɽΪǿҲΪصߣǿߣ״ǾˣҪɱǣȴܡ
ɵ־ĴУ仰˵ɽ粻ǾͲ
Ŵߣÿ˶Ҷȣ֮дžȹ󣬿ɼҶȻع磬еô˼顣
ͬҶҲǵһΣߣֻһ޷һʵھͲͬˣ־ŴߣΪһ֮䣬һɣһΪֵģѪ֮Уɽ籾Դ
ɽĴʵȻֻﵽһ󣬲߶ԴǾͻᷢӳɽҶʵࡣ
һΪ˴΢Цɽ֮УǾֵܣֻ㣬Դ߶˺嫵ɽ籾ԴҶȣ̶ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˾˵ĸ߶ȣΪеο
ҶЦʵʲôǰãڹͥһԵǿߣ˵Ϊ´ﵽΪˡ
ˣ˷׷һƺҲʶԵǿߣһüͷʵ
йӴʵ̫ǿˣɽ籾ԴһУҶֲƺҲ֪
᲻֪أ
һΪߣɽ־ԸܵޱɽϢԼռ䲨һвɽϢںϣǶӦڹͥĵǿߣѲԵеĵһˣ
ѵеʿɽ磿Ҷȴ󾪡
ԭΪ˽ɽ磬ʵȻ
һˣӸ߿£ҶǰһģԵȻһɽ£ǶһʱգͥϸԪ֮ĩζɹԪ֮Ԫģ칬Ԫһɽ磬ƹģʵͥԼ칬ҲƿأǶԣֻҪǲɽʱգһ㲻֣ǵʿһԹ硢ɽһ壬ɶһģͷǴһ棡
ԶŴս֮Ϲͨ𣬵綼ܵش硢ɽҲܵʱĽ磬ԪϢల£ʱڣ½磬ʿϽ磬Ŀģɽ磡
ֻ٣Լڶʮˣһֱɽ֮УδԤɽƽ⣬Ǿֵܾһֱδȥǣϴ࣬ƿعԶᣬǾֵҲῴȥ
һ󣬶ɽ磬ΪʲôǲҪɽ̤磿磬Ҫһͳɽ磿
Űһ渵ҶͷҲɻ
һ̾ԭҲ޷Ϥ֮ʿɽԽԽƵʿʵΪ񣬶һﵽĴڣ
񣡡
һ벻ǵʿ񣬹ֲǰǿ󣬶ҳҲ⣬δԼֶΡ
򣬾дǧͼԼԴҲûаգӳ֮С
벻ףһ񣬲磬ڵӦöϵĴڣΪλɽ磿
ҲܾȣΪɽʿ֮Уڶ߸ԪǰҲһǾ֣ҲƲҲᱻˣ仰˵ǿ֣κβаˣǾ˻ܵش
ȷǿޱȣ磬ǿԵһ½֮
һĿģ
һһתұҲϴͨ뿪磬Ϊ㲻ɹϾԪδ˳ɹɹˣҲ֪࣬ΨһܴģΪܴȥ磿
⡭غܣҶɲǼЩԥ
һߣһ۾ͿҶȵĵģڵ֪ܴһɸ˵ܣǣǾɽԪˣһӶɽ磬ȥ̰ͼܣ֮Ҫ֪㣬ǵĹѾͨУʱ򡭡˵µĴս
Щ꣬ʿɽƵ֣ҲģͼıʲôҪͨһҲͷ
ҶȷԼȷ̫ˣӦܴҪǿصǷ켫Ĵڣ֮ͨ仯ƿشѭϵΪںϹ棬ϴһͨˣҲ̫ྫܲף

Ŵ໥һֳܾ㵣ɻ󣬿ǲ󣬶壬δж˽⡣
ҶȽһ͵У֮䣬ںȻأҲȻĳȻԸ棬õİ취κС
ľˮǵ˽⣬Ҳ˽֮䣬ȴû뵽һ㣬Ը
һУҪͬʱﵽ£ͷų
λһֱи⣬棬һ޷ͨУѵ񶼲𣿡
񣿡
ŴһһصʲôȻǿߣǻ޷棬һЩرĴڣһԪʼǿԣҲǹϵĻͨ£
Ԫʼͨһ͵û𣿡õ𰸵ҶȣҲ࣬ȴֶ˸ɻ
һ룬ֻԪʼȥǶɽ硢磬Ӱ죬ֶأԪʼж٣Ǿһȥ磬µʲôãĽ˵ǷǳСģǴͨǲǴ£
һضҶȣõɽ־Ͽɣ͵óеɽδܹᷢʲô仯㶼Ҫػɽ磬ΣҲǾˣԼߵʹ
ѵߣ
ɽ֮ǾֵܣֻǸһɽʱգ٣Ȼ޷Ըʿɽ磬ɽ磬˿ɵߣΪػɽ磬Ըڵģ
ˣ
벻ɽ绹ߡ
ҶȻΪŴߣɽΨһߣһ룬ȷЩɽټ󣬵һֱûưԳһͳɽ硣
Ψһԭ򣬾簢һЩߣֶЩǿߡ


2061 
мҵĹأйҵķ棬ɽȻҲɽķ
ߣɽˣΪ֮ǰ㣬ͳһһĻҾ档
ѹӾŴҶҲоͬһҪܵص
ͥǿߣǻעģȷǵĶʱ˵ɣ㻹ΪϣܳΪԪʼǲĻܳ׸ıɽ磬ıĽ֣
һ󳤳һҶܴ֮ʣǾ˾ͲˣٶȣҶҲȲϣõɽɽ紩󣬱ȴǧͼҪס
ҲãԺ̫ģоŴߣڰػɽ磬һд·Ҳվģࡢ̫ʼԼǿߣŲɸ˵ܣǰҲʩչĿǰʱڣ
ǿֻʣһͷǾС
꣬ﵽʥΣҪȡڽʱȻһ̤ԪʼճΪڰǰĴڡ
ʱػɽ磡
ոճΪʥǿǵСʱȻ޴档
֮Ҷ񷣬·˵ټԶһ
Ҷȵһʱֶ졣
ֶۣռ棬ҶȰѼߣԼõϢ׷׸ֶۡ
ֶɫ滺˲٣ҲãڣǵȷǸ÷̤磬Լŵǿߣ̫ʼҲһֱɽ磡
ȷжپͷҪȥ磿
Ŀǰжʮˣͷڻعɽ磬̫ۡ顢߾̫ƻͷˣҪȥģ˵Ļһߣɽһеǿߣ˴󲿷֣
Ҳȥħħ֪᲻ȥ磬Լǻ̤ģа鷳ʦһȻҪȥ磬ϣܰʵԸ
ãҪȥ
ϾҪȥһ˵
˾Ȫһԣƽ̸
ͥ
һԿռ֮Уֻ̫ʼһŵϢ򣬴ʱشŴ󲽣ռ䡣
£̫ʼĮȻʵ
شʩǸոյõϢҶСӣټɽеİ񣬺ȥ磡
֮ǰҲ뵽㣬ҶȻɣ
̫ʼպ룺˵мֱ£ԼܴԴһͬж
ˣǵӣֹǣôͷȥ磬ٴ½磬ҹͥҪˣ
ʲôꣿڣǾ˳ô
̫ʼмҡҡͷ⣺οȥ磬ô粻һãɽӲп򱶣Ҷ⵹ǣʼԼǷչȥ򣡡
شеԵӣ
ţõİ취ǰ弸ĸӪ֮УأǹһûĶİ񣿡
˼£´󲿷ֵĹˣҶȽ磬ˣǰŹˣ²ףҶȵ˼ػŹһˣ
شϼ޻˵
̫ʼͷ©һ㣺ʲôѡ
ˣֵܣΪ˫ʥʵǿ֮ݺɽ綼ԣһɽ磬ȡһرʱһˣȡһӴһֱѹϵ
˫ʥ
̫ʼüһᣬӲûһӡ
شۼæش𣺡Ƕ˺ٿɽ磬ΪԶĺᣡ
Ҳȥ磬˼
⵱ȻȻ漰ɽ磬ȴҲмϹŶѳɽ߶Ҷֶۡ۵˵ǲɲ֪Ѿɽ;У
ھȥǣҵ
̫ʼָһöش֣֮뿪˴
֮ͥ⡣
ش۵һʱɳȻ޽֮أһᣬֻ߲Ƭ첹ɵĹŹֳۣƿն
࿴ֻʮӣ˶ôȧǼߣһ
֣õˣ
˫ʥһشǰ
شӭӶˣһش۾͵Լ뷨
˫ʥһԵûʮ㣬һ˵ֵۣܵѣ¾ǵ£ǵģڹ£ҪҲ֪һҶĵˣǾǵĵˣ
лλֵܣҪСҶȣĻһǰ㣬پͷϣʵͨ죡
ۣ㲻磿
뿪̫ʼѹţʲôҲˣʱʱ̶̿뿪ɽ磬˭ȥ磿
̫ʼҲֻǣ
֪ȴûа취̫ǿˣֿͶλֵܣȥ֮һҪһأʱֵͶֵܲҪ
Լֵܲ˵һ˼Ƕˣȥֵ֮ܶˣ뾡취ǿԼעҶȵһһ
ⴢл̫ʼ͸ֵܵ񽣡Լؼȱ򣬶λֵȥ֮ǧҪ̫ʼìܣˣҪֺ׳Լ
ģǶģ˲ͷϣ
˫ʥӹ֮ɽȥ
ĩһУҲ̫ʼҶȣ̫ʼһ죬ҪҲڽ£
شһЦתͥ
˼˼Щèˡ
̫ʼӰشȥ֮󣬴ŲмЦֳ
شΪԼ֪ȴ̫С󣬸Сֻߵһз̫ʼƿء
ɽ磬ɽཻĿռ䡣
ҶƯڿУĽʱħʷ
˸յһᣬնҲ
Цֵܣ콣Ͻ̫ʺˣʽҽʽϽʽʽҶգҲŰˣ
ҶҲֽնϢʵı仯Ц콣ܲ򵥣ƺʲôܣϣúУȥ⿪ܣ
ˮ¾ȷǵеߣոںϣҲֻܴ߶һЩͨʽǿԴ߶ˮ¾նҲֺǺǵ˵
λɽ磬ǹɣ
Ҷ˸ӵҲǣȻ˶ʱһʧھɽ硣
նĿһ󣬾þòȥ
ʮ
Ѿһɽ뷲罻ʵ޽֮ء
ΪĽʱգ޽֮ؾ޴ޱȣΪ˽Լʱ䣬ҶֱӴߴٴǧͼٷ򷲽硣
֮뿪ɽ磬֮С
Ҷķ磬һƬʱգҶȵڵķ磬ŻһƬʱգŷǳңԶλãΪҶȲδԭ·߻ص硣
һʱ䣬˾Ԩʱգּ˺ڰʪصаԨ磬Ԩ֮£ǵ
ԨҲǷ棬Ҳ׹Ĵ½Щķ棬ȴǹ棬ӲԼ档
ںһʼҶóĵ֮һǵϢͬʿһͲܵԴų⣬ֻаӣʹԨ磬ٴ̤˺ڰޱߵĵ硣
ǵһ
ӦһڵһʱգҲǵ½ĵʱգˣ߶龻֣ɿԸӦһ΢ϤϢڵ֮Ư
ֻ޷Ӧˣ


2062 ˽λǿ
ǵ
һ磬Ǻڰ塢ɱ¾ĵ磬ϳ֮ɫ
˵ǾԶĽء
Ҷڴ߶龻֣Ӧһ񣬷Ϣһơ翪ʼһĴء
ϴ֮еҶȶԣû˿вҶȵʵնɱ׾١
;У˼һǳأ
ǳأһվڵϵþˣ
ǵĳǳء
ŹɫʣէȻһΪһ𲻿˼þˡ
óǳڲʮʿΨϢͬģԪϢȫͬ˺ڰһϢ
ãЩʿʵڶ֮䣬ҲУֻʮˣֻ²ʵĵ󣬵ҶȴóǳصıԴ֮УǸӦһɿϢһҲǿߵġ
أ˾ͼԨʮ㴩һڶ֮Ľ磬ڶ
ڶռԲһ߳٣Ҳ֮࣬ңҶȻӦϢǶٵΪڵ֮Ѱұ
һ˵
ҶĿǰΪֹ·ĵ硣
ӾˣҲʿ࣬Ӧ֮УӦǵĴڡ
ˣ
Ҷ߶龻֣ӦĴڣϴμǰĲ㡢
һӦҲͿԸӦ΢Ϣ޷Ҳڵ
˽ĲͨһӦȻڣҶȴų磬֪֮䣬Ȼʮ
·𣬵ʮϷķֽ㣬ʮеʿȻ󣬶Ҹ߲񴦴ǣҲв٣ʥҲУҲǿޱȣǳҲ࣬㡣
ɽһģɽÿһɽ֮УĴСʱգÿһʱգǲġ
Ըоѹơ
̾Ϣ
ٺ٣ʲôħΪȻħЩҶһϰ˵
Ҷ߶龻֣ʼӦϢ
һδεĸӦϢ֮ǰŨһУ޷ʮûиӦӦĵʿ
Ǽʮһʮʮһ磬ҲܴĽãʿҲʮʮһ
ÿһ㣬ʹʥ߼Ϊﲻûʵλʿ޷²ġ
һӦʮһӵзϢ͸ŨңȻûиӦڡ
ʵѾԶҵ󡭡
ʮһʥв٣ȻҪ֪Ҷ硢ƵʵҲʥֻ˵ʵѾʮһʿ߶ȡ
ͬʱܵѹƣҲʼúܼ١
أҲδ֪
Σ⣬ʱܷ뵽Ҷȿˣڻ֪ںδǴŵūԼˣڸ߲Уռһ
ðɣʾ޳ɣҲûҲ޷ҶȣӦ
Ҷȵõūžһһɳ綣һ˲ŷʮ
ʵڵʵȲϵū
ǳ磬ūˣʵǵūˣΪҶ֪ūڣӵ̫ħزڤס
̫ħزڤ׿񷨱ڵ֮УϵūͱɣڵūԷӳ̫ħزڤ׵
ֻҪʮϣ˰ΣòҶȥġ
ϴ磬ʮϢӵ뺮䣬ӦʿϢ龻ַӦϢŨһЩǲ
ʱҶܵѹȣҲˣΪȻԽʵ
ˣ
ҶȸոʮͻȻһ̺Ϣش
־ӿ֣ʮ
ʮ
һʮ˲㣬ȻѽʮҶȸо˼飬һжʮٵĹ͡
ҷʵȻѾԽҶӦ޷ӦȸӦ£ⶼǲֵܳģΪʵܳ𣬿ҶһвҲ֮ơ
϶ʮʮĲյϢ͸Ũˣɢ֮УҷԶһƬʱգϢʮּУǷʮĲ֮ء
ಣ
֮УƷҶʮӦѹѾ״̬£ﵽһ־ٲά״̬߶ԼͨǴ粽С
ΪεΪʿصԭ
߶Լɷҡһ䣬ͳΪһصصĵʿΪڴ߶޼˻ס
ʱÿ߶龻֣ܸӦʮ֮УŷϢ
ʮĴأ·𿴵ʮ㡢ʮ߲㡢ʮ˲ڤ뿪ʱӡǣԼһŵ
һ죬ȥڤ
ǣڤգ֮ǿ֮գôڤʮ˲ΪʮڣѾ漣ˣ̤ʮ˲һͷޣ԰նɱ
ƽһֻʱڤ£ͬѹһ򲻻ӰģǰҲġ
߶龻֣ӦǰзǿϢ

ǰȥ;ʮ޴ĳǳأǳ֮ڣ̫ǿʿ߲ʥضǣҲţʮʵ硣
Ļʮ磬ʮ߲Ԫʼ񣬶ʮ˲ǲ硣
̫ˣҶʥΪȥڵʮ˲磬
ɹʮǳأԽһƬϺڰɭ֣һƬڰɽɽ֮УȻһģһĳǳء
ڳǳΧսսںڰɭ֮У·Ͻλںڰɽ֮еĳǳء
벻Ҳʱʱ̷̿ս𣡡
һһӶԵµʶڰɽ֮еĳǳأҶȿ
˵ʱʱ죬һӰ޵𣡡

ҶȵһӰһս֮¶һƵĴ멣ڴһѪսףһ޵а
ҸӦΪʱҶȾˣΪȻﵽ񣬶һǰ˽λ
˼飬Ŷ꣬ʮΪҲҪͻ񣬽
仯ʵ̫̫ͻȻˣҶȶЩ޷Ӧòף̤ʥ񣬻Ӧİ£ǷȴѾ۷壬ʵѾһᳬԽΪʵ
ı仯ʵΪϢҲ˱仯ȫǴĵϢ·ҲҶһյԴ
Ҳ˵ǣڵ֮УҶɽ磬ݺᣬϷʱΪԼʵʮѾվ۷İ


2063 ʥ
ҶȣʲôҲû˵ΪҶȵķһ֡
ಣ
ʱӺڰɽڲǳأӰ˶ǳԽʥĴڣҶȸӦ֮ʾʱ
侲˵ҪʮշǿߣѾΪҵĲ£
ҶһĲ£
ָǰںڰɽ֮еĳǳأܵĳǳأΪ׳ǡԢõĺڰ񴫳У
ĺ׳ǣ
Ҷٴδڰɽ֮еĳǳأһʱ֮У벻ҲڵԼȫУ˾ˣδġ
ಣ
ת۹ڼ׵ʿһ׳ְֳ׹ǳշ
һҶʱͬʱһ
ֵʲôֵģҵķ
벻ɽһ䣬Ȼչ£ݼʥ
ɣͷ
ʥ
ڵµţҶһθеЩ⣬Ǿһ֣Ȼǵͽλ
񶼳Ϊǿߣʵ̫֮УһߵĴڡ
𣺡ǽ˵
Ҷûȥĺ׳ǡ
ֱ£ֻһڰɽϷ·׳ǣǿϢγһɵеаɱ
֮ҶȱԺ׳ǸӦò࣬ǳˣȻжʮˣһˣΪȻﵽ߽λǳ룬ǳΧ̾Ųپ޴ǲѪǣǰ׹̫֮
һʹűͨǿĽ磬ǳ룬߸ϵĻʳǡ
Ĺǰ˶Է٣׷¹򣺡

֮ڣʮˣȫΪǸߣѪۣûʲôѪ⣬ʣһƤǣ˫ͫȥоˣһ߻ˡ
ߵΪﵽ˵ĸ߽λҶȹƣ˵Ϊ࣬һЩ඼ĽλλΪʵھˡ
ʮǿߣҲ¡
ҶȺȻ֣ֱϵȨʵεУưһ
һ棬ҶȵĴһĻһĻЩľȫ֮¡
ڸִӵ£뱾𲢼׼
뱾߸ϣʮǿߣֱ·ΪߵߣǳشԽǵķߣ
ҷֿʱǳػδ˿ƽᣬǳ֮ƣԽԽңǺ޳ʱǽսʵ
λʲô취ⳡΣʵ
һʱ䣬иֱֳĬ
ڣ㰲ӣȻ˻ֵעսֱ仯ȥɣ
ǣȥ
ֻʣҶ͵׳ǣʮѡеһĿ꣬ɱ˳ǳصߣ벻ٸ֣ȻΪ׳ǣΧǳأǰߵĺѣβ϶Ը׳ǣ
Ҷҡҡͷѣѣ֮٣ǳأֻҪɱһߣȻȥ
һģһ
¶һ˿΢ЦҶȵķҶ뵽İ취Ҳ뵽
ȻһǶ˵Ҷܰ쵽ģҲӦѲҶȽﵽʲôɾͣҲﵽ
ֵЩ꣬ҴʮʼѾӪ׳ǣʮÿһ㶼вٺ׳ǻǺ׵۹ڣʮ磬֮ҲὨ׵۹һͳһأ
仯ʵڳҵԤϣȻҵķЩΪ棡
ҶȾŷ˵Щй̣ûʲôȴһ󴥶Ȼ뵽ħʱã
ǲǷҪԷûʲô쳣ĵط
˰֮ҶȾ˵Լ⣺㣬ȡģ
ͷʱӣռĶ֮ﵽʥ߶ȣ㹻ﵽ񣬾ͻҲգһһЩﵽ߶ȵĵ
ҶҪ󣺡Ҳںһ֣˽λѪԼΪûͻƴﵽ߽λʥ񣡡
Ҫ󣬿ɲ򵥣ҪںʹţҶʱںϣõеһУһҲκܿԡ
һ棬ʲôܣǱ仯ͬҶ
ĬӣӦû⣬ķҪΪֻȥɱһˣⳡΣſʼ
Ҳû⣡ҶһɣǷûɣûκεĿܣԼ־
Ϊֻһӣӿ޷죬ûκο֮ڵõ𰸣ҶҲڿˣһȥ
Ҷ޼˻ף϶ӵʮٵһݺᣬãǿߣĳǳ֮У౦ҲԳûռһ
ֱͬˡ
󣬷ͰҶһϢʱ䣬ҶҲע׳һжټ֣񣬰źһУ뿪׳ǡ
ɳڰɽĺڰɭ֡
ʱһսǰɭ֮Уɭִݻ٣˫İ׹ǡѪǴ󲿷࣬һһƬߵأ˫ɱذ
һ񣬶ս֮д
ܵԵʮְ̫пսЩˣΪĪƺ㡯ƺǵĳΪﵽŽλǳ֮УǿߣνɱߣȻŵձ
֮Ҷȷɭֺ󷽡
ŰСʱͼһǳأһƬƽԭ֮УƺǣҶҲ˲䣬оһǿϢӳǳ֮ͷų
ŽλѾӦ顢ȵΪ֮Уһ䡣
벻ҶȾҪ֤ǿ߽֡
ಣ
߶ͨ򣬳ɹҶȽƺǵĽ硣
Ϣ˾ƺǻʹϿա
·һЩ֣кҶƯڰգԿͨӦֻ֮Уʮ֣ںȾ֡
ȻҶȿϢ֣ȴûʵֲֵƣ翪ʼ׼á
ͻȻ䣬ź¡һµĴըһ֮⣬ͬУʱѹݺиƬ
ը˵Ļ棬һʱƺǣžǳض𶯡
žžž
Ӱӷ֮ɱ޷ֵʽԼģΪٶ̫ˣҶΪֻȷǷĪƺ㽻֡
Ȼ˽γɵƣϵӿ𽥻޴ĳǳأʿҾ֮У׷ӳǳأһЩ񣬴ʥǿߣΧᣬƺҪĪƺ㡣
ƣϲҶҲɵ뿪ǳأϷ
ͣ
ͻȻ䣬һĿ׹⣬ʿǰò飬ҰзҪɱĪƺ㣬Щˣˣ

ǿе֮УƱˡ
ಣ
˵˻һ󲿷ֵʿʵ£ܸԤģ󲿷ֶɳǳأֻٲ֣ӦĪƺңûȥ֯󷨣ҪԷ֡


2064 ںϷ֮
ĪƺңҲǧˣҴӳǳΧϵؾ£
ͻͻͻ
ʱǳ֮ڣн籣ڲǿ߽֣γɵ磬Ͱһж˺÷顣
һĻ뵱Ӧ顢а֮ĪƺսȻǿߡ
ǳؽ綼ھҲҶգȻоڲɱ
žžž
Īƺң֯ɱǳ룬ȴǣո磬һͷͷ̵Լʿգۼ䣬ͱûΪ촷ۣ׷ױ˺ѣһ١
̫ǿˣʱ֣γɵ磬¶ﵽ
ҶҲﲻʲôͬʱҲǸ˽ʵĻᣬͨһӣҶȷַӵвٴͨ
ΪǷӵ޼˻ҲΪ棬ҶȵõĴУҲӵеģ̫⣬ʮ΢ڵйҶɽ硢еҪܵơ
Ҳ޼˻ס̫ʮγһ֣̫һ˼̫һطһ̫һعΪů
ԺڰΪҶȱȽ˵һ棬һ档
ߣҶȵ̫һȻҪ̫⡢޼˻ʮٵǺҶȵ̫һѾں籾Դ־Ǵѭ
֮ȱЩԵһΪһ׷ҶȵĲ¯ҲڲϵںϸʣҲǷȱٵġ
ҶӵӤֶһ
ǷԴԴϣĪƺս֮У˿ûģԶڱ״̬ĪѾ۵ùǺЩΪڣʮٵı
ʮԶʱصһͨ磬Դڵ˵̫ڤһͳʱ͵Ļӵʮ٣ôͳߣпܾͲǴ˵е̫ڤ
һδ˿ԼԦҶǵһҲǵһ
˿̣ǿ߳ɱֵ֣򣬽һ⣬̤뼴ҶҲ硢ɽ硢粻ͬһ棬׺£ǱʿԼ˵̫Զˡ
·ǱĪƺԪ񣬲׷׵ͬɱǵ粻ͬһ棬ӵս֪һҪҲҲֱǰ˺벽
ͣ
ս
ͻȻһ緢ƺɷ֮ͨһѪȻǳͣ
ֶΣ
˿Ҷȴһ
ôͨսͻȻΪԼ򣬲ǿĪƺǰͷŵȻһںֱӰĪƺͷ­ն¡

Īƺͷڰգ߸߾ͷ­Щʣµң׷׹¡
ҶȳûԱߣŷͷҶһưܵĳǳ룬ֻΨһһš
֣ģⱦĪƺĲرڣ治֪жٵı
԰˽λΪնɱŽλǿߣȻ֤Ҷӵи֮
֮£طǳأ
ص׳ǣȥעս¡
Ҷ֮Уͷ޼˻ףѱ磬ȫգ뱦֮˲ռ䣬װĵеؼ鱦֮ȵȣвԼ
ЩѾ޷ʯȥ
ѵԼòϵı˼죬ʩչ磬ѹֵʵʵ
ղյϢĪƺһѾʼ룬ԵߵƢԣʹ˰֣
Ҷǰ£˵һĿǰ֮󣬾ͿҶȣͷǿʼɣ
ҪҶںԼ
ҶȾΪȡԼģǲӷںϣõΪ˼ҳ϶ȣ뵽һ㡣
ҶȵֻҪһǰ˽λ񣬶ҲǶλʥںϵĻǸ޴شںϣҲﵽΪ壬ǷںϣҲǿʵԽңںֻ̫
û˵ʲôҶȵ־Ϊ
Ҷںϣ˵ǻԵģȻû˵һ֡
ˣ
߶ȫ׷ʧķ̫ˣʧ֮ҶͬϢ֮Ϊ˵Ҷȸû˿ֱ
ҶҲ֮ȥͬʱƳ˫ƣϣ
ۣ
ԣŸոսӴҶȾͱһڴѪ
ޱߣҶȾǼʯͷײһ𣬺֪˲͸ҶȴˣǺڣྪˣһģ˫Ƶģ໥ںϣƼֻʣֱ
ǿȻȻӿҶ˫ۣȻڣ֮ǰƣ̾ͻָˡ
ȻҶȵʼ͸о·Ҫ˺ѣΪ̫ǿˣֻǸոںϼٵҶ޷ܡ
˲ʹﵽ˶λʥ۷塣
ˣ
Ҳ֪ҶȱٵǰԼʱͰٷ֮һҶȵڣСҶȵĳܣȻֻҶȴش
ֻ˲䣬ӿ֮ҶͬඥȹඥӲ˼飬ֱΪӶλʥر״̬Ϳ۷塣
ͷֿ
ȵһȣͻλʥܼںϣ
Ѵﵽλʥ۷壬ҲκζǣҶȿʼȫԪӿս֮С
򰲾һԣʱʱഫ
ҶȻ߶ҲǷûеʼȫһڼӿռ֮С
룬Ӧת飬ֱںϷǲͬЧںϷҪǿתʮ
ھԪҶ֮ͨǰںϣѾ׶Է˽⡣
Ľ𵤣˺ڰ޼˻ʮΪʮپĽ֮УѾɳΪһСʢţоֵʮꡣ
ȻҲû֮ҶȵͬС죬ͬǣЩ̫꣬ȫǵ෴̫⣬ֻмٵһ֡
ҲûκεĽƣӡҶǰǳ׵ģҶһ۾ܿס
Ҷˣ
һҧʮ¾һħҶȱҲ̫һֱģڵʲô仯޷ʮ٣ֻзʲôת䣬־ʼγת롣
ȻЩǲܵģҶԼ⣬οأ
ͨݵںϣҶѾȷһУǷʮҲڰɳţȥûеķıҪҲûںϷıҪԷԣԼΪ˸
дʵڵ֮ݺ޵Уǿ󣬶Ҷȶԣĺ£ȵΪϴڣʱһںϣ硢֮䣬˭Ķ֣
뵽Ͳٵķʼλʥ


2065 λֱ̤λʥ
Ԫ󲻶СҶȫ£ͿһɴС
ӡԪ󣬶ڵһԴ֮УӤƺоҶʵҪٴҲٽӡбԴ
Լ֮
Ҷ˫һϣһת⣬¸˵һ𶯣ԪʱΪһһߴСӲӵԴ
ԴҶ˳̤λʥ
ˣ͵顣
һ飬ҶһѪⲻʲôŲ飬Ҳͬһδα˺飬ʹ֮УҶֻܡ
һʱ䣬Ҷֿʼ顣
Ŵﵽһ̶֮ҶȾͿ
ػӶ˫ۣƳ˫ƣҶһںϣ泹ں֮󣬽һںһָҶȴ˵𶯣һηоˣûɶӰ졣
ӿʱҶȿʱӿͬˮǿʹҶȲӵٶҲʼ
ӵһںϣʱշʮͷʱųɹͻƵλʥ
ʥͻƣֻʮ꣬һʥ˵ֱһ֣ӶλͻλʥͨҪڰҲܳɹҲ˵ҶȵٶȣʮʵҲܳΪʮĸ߶ȡ
ںϷݶֻһ£ҶһԼﵽλʥ߶ȡ
ٶȣ̫ˣֿʼ׼ͻĽλʥ
ȳȥƺǳ쳣
Ҷ׼Դʱ˵һ䣬뿪
Ҷȿʼȫӿս֮УγһƬԪ
˿̣׳֮⣬ڰ߿֮ϡ
س֣ϢԶĺڰɭ֣Ȼ䣬Ҳ࣬𽥸һŤĿռ䡣
ūˣ
Ťռ䣬׵
ֻһˣ֪˶꣬񣬶Ҳòֻм°ͣԼۿ˫ͫͷɫ
ūֱ֮Ż̧ͷ˻Ƶ˵ղŸӦһͽλ־ڿӺ׳ǣū⿪ӡȥ˿һﵽλǿߣƬɭ֮⣡
Ƭɭ֣ž޲˵֪ˣǳߣԸҵǿߣ
ūҪҪū֣ǰƬռ䣿Ͼ㲻֣
㻹ҷӡҪҵıӦ㣬ҲΪ㣬뱾֮䣬϶
Ϊһ˫ޣǷ֮û뵽Ǿı̫СˣһոͻλʥĴڣ
ΪϹŵһûУ
ūϣӦʮٵϢԼ˵ζȷıϢǲģʱᵽһ죬ĽٴһеģǹڰĻ
ֲҵң
Ĵߣˣ̫ڤߵĵһǿߣ䣬ϵ־ǵʾūҪҵ̫ˣΪ̫СˣΪⱾԭ򣡡
˳ɾͣԱĳɳȻ֮£עģңһǿ
Ϊ죬ܶǷŵԣūˣ
һԻ֮
ūٴ£޵Ĳ߽֮С
ͨԼԵռãѾﵽ˿ĵز

ҶȫԪͻ֮£ֻпԼںϣԴǴһЩգҪ
ԪСҶȴʱﵽһֿ״̬ߣԼӦע⵽׳һһ
֪棬ȴҲӦλūĴڣ
ȣ
ȼ£ԪС깦ȼգڣԪﵽһɴС
ᣡ
˫һϣӡšԪ󣬶ʱâɣһţԪΪ˵ĿŽӲӵԴ
ʹ̤Ľλʥ
ͻ̫죬ֱ̫ӣҪԭǷҶڣΪͬԴĴڣֱͻƲ˾ˡ
Դ֮ҵ顣
Ҷȶɸշ㹻ͻƵĽλʥ
һ飬ʱ䣬һθãʱŽȻ飬ͻƣҲʮʱ䡣
ܿصҶȱǲ鷢֪һλڿӺ׳ǣʱֹͣˡ
ѾҶս񣬿Ц
磬ŵǿߣ޷̤񣬱ʥصʥԼӦ飡
ЩǾ̫ңԶĴڣڵ׳ǣȻҪһ棡
̫ͻȻʵЩ
Ҷȴ뵽Ƶһ棬ʵǰ˽λ񣬰ǵǱʵӦҲﵽɣ
ţ뱾һԽԿλ£ֻʮռ䣬Ϊ߶߶ȵĳͽ䣬Υķ򣡡
ϣ
ԶԷҪԸңףͬҪԸҲףǽʮҿԽնɱǲͻȥʮҪܵõĴ£ʱһԷú̸̸ף
ã
ҶҪ֣ȫǸЦʵ岻֣ԷܰɱΣ
ɣ
Ƴ˫ƣ
ץסᣬȻ˲ҶҲʵ˵ﵽٲ۷
˫ƽӴһ֮ҶȿʼշĽλʥ״̬Ϊ嫵ٶȼӿˡ
Լֹһ£
ҶһִﵽĽλʥ۷壡
ǣ룬ʼλʥ
ǰһ˳λʥֻһΣʱ䣬ﵽ˶ʮ꣬Ͼλʥʥ񾳽֮ڣһؿ̤λʥ񣬾һ߽λʥ
ʱ䣬Լٶȶӳ˲١
ɾλʥ֮Ҷȼں
ֻ˽ʮʱ䣬λʥ񣬳ɹ̤λʥ
λʥ񣬲꣬ʹӶλֱ̤λɫʥ񣬱̤꣬ʥ漣Ҳȥ
ûˣȻǷǷģڲǽ迿ԼͶɹ
İã
̤λʥ֮Ҷȱоһڤڤ֮пʼ޷ݵѹȣΣա
һӦȷһ֣Ϊ̫죬һͣڶλʥ
Ҳ˵ʵȥˣһͨûγɾ޴Ҳ˾޴Ӱ졣
ԭ˵лһ棬ҶҲ룬ټںϣֱȻԼͶɹУȡģ٣һЩȥĵģк档
ζ˿ԼŬƴһУԷһУҶȥժȡ˵ĹʵɣͶʲôֱ
ںϣԻҶ֪һ㣬Բ÷ʮ٣
ţʵԼȴΪɽʱʼͿˡ
ûȥֻģ


2066 ս
ͻλʥҶȽҪϺܳʱ䣬ʵ
Ȼ֪Ҷ޵ʲô뿪֮󣬱
ҶҲĴ߶䣬̫ҵ
Ѿﵽλʥ״ָ̬о̫ˣڵʵȫԽʥӵʵٰʵߣʵᳬʱҪࡣ
ϴ̫ʼᣬﵽʥ߶ȣ̫ԵĪ⣬ҪǣҪ̫֮С
䣬Ҷȸõʱ䣬ȫԾУʱʱҶΧֶĿĹâǺڰޱߵ׹⡣
֪ȥϣͨࡣ
ﵽں״̬λʥһԭҪҶӵдݡ
߱ʣԴӶ֡Ȼ֮Уͨգ˵ԼԼ
ʵȻڽ棬ֻ߻壬һ棬ʲܱȵġ
ϴߣٶҲʮ־ˣЩ꣬ҶٶԽԽˣʷֲϵ
컯ȭȻûлµʽ
ʱҶһʵڴﵽλʥ߶ȣȻвĵط컯ȭֻͣʽ֮ϡ
ȻҲջֻͨľҶȲѧҲֻطͨϴΣ֤̫ʼִ֣̫ʼƵֶͨΡ
ȵͨҲһЩ仯
ʼں
Ԫǰ䣬ģ֮У仯ˣֻ̺ϢĻƽʡ
ҲҶֻľԵʣξƽʻδҶںϣһϢݵζƺҶȵֻϢƽ
Ҳʥأѻƽ
ʥأһԷڵƽѡԺʮԹȻ߶ƽʣǿ档
ϿʼѪƽһƣֻϢҲԽǿʢȻƽʲϱ󣬱䳤ֱʮ֮ˮͰô֣ҶȸоԱø
ҶȻ𣬿ƱصĻƽʣϣȴȻһץƽʻΪһ߳һ㡣
䣡
Ȼռ䣬һ
ñ
ƽʾȻ׾ˣʥһﵽ߽λ񳬼
ķƽģֻеõϿɣ̺ܿļֵ
ʱںϻƽʣҶȲڿ͸ıʣƷʴﵽ˸߽λ񣬻һŽλ񷨱
Žλ
һƽ̺Ũҵֻֻһֻֻ֮ͣǿߣƿأʥأʥǿΪߣҲӢ񡢛Щڣһ
ô֧ƽʵˣȻʥǰǿӵеģ֪ж೤ʷԿ϶ʥػδǨʮѴڵϧôһ屦ʥȴۣ֪ײĲŹ֡
֧ƽʣڣԹȻóֵˮԼԪԲϧǼ£
̾Ϣһںϻƽʡ
УҶȾͼһռ䣬ʲôûУֻֻǴﵽĴڣϸϸ۲ƽʣõģû˿
ѰãδйػƽʵĽܣҲûκζռ䣬һ򵥣Ľ
ںϻƽʣҶȾһ֣ʷһ˿ɵİ
۲ı仯
ӤȣӤͷֳ˽һ룬ȥͬʮССкϧʶɲǿǺڽӡٶȣҲ֮ӿˣ״̬ҶҪøɡ
ǿ̳ɫʯȻڱ֮У̺̫ˣҶں֮ģõĴ󲿷ͨԴһɶˣֻʣʮ߼Դ
ص磬ֵռԴ
ţ
֮УҪֻ̺ϢӰûбʵ˵ӰʥصĴʼˡ
µһӰס
ֻӰӰ޵ӰԱߣޡڰӰԱߣһµӰ
ƺǸŮӣ
һŮӣ
ҶȸеɻӰɴͨո΢ϢͨϢͻᵮӭӰ޵ˣЩҲֻҶĿǰԴߵ⡣
˵ŮӣȻҶȽӴģˣֱֻͨӵ
뵽˳ɫʯ治һгʹŮ
ŮӰ󣬲ûгŮӣŮ֮󣬲γɵģпǵĴڣӦŮӵϢϢȻ̺ǿҵԴϢһɷ·׵İ
ŮӣȻ򵥣
ϧŮӵϢ̫Ʈ죬ӦҶȲŸӦһ˿˿޷Ϥо޷ȷʲôʱġ
֮һ
ٿŮӵò̫ģˣֻӰǧ壬ֻܴӽСжϣһŮӣ˶ѡ
ֻգֻнһǿòʱ֪ݣ
ˡ
Ȼһڽӽ䡣
Ҷ뿪䣬ͼƯڹգһǿߴǳظ֣վҪҺ׳ǣΪ˲꼰׳ǣҴӦԶ֣
õİ취һҶȵͷ
Ȼͬ⣬뿪ʹŶʮ񣬷ɳڰǣɳڰɭ֣ͬĺڰϿա
죬ҶͬʱӦʮǿϢڱƽҾûǲҪ֪Ĵڣ
ף
Ҷ߶֮ͨС
ȥԷƺżҲԶԶ˺󣬽Ȼһ
Уڴﵽ
ȴ֮УҶҲץסᣬյ˽ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ŵﵽʵʱ䣬ɽ磬ԼѾȥһˡ
ʣһٶ꣬ʱԣѾˡ

ͻȻǰգͻȻƯΰľӰҸһȭպһΧռ䣬һһ˺ѣ·أҲÿʼ顣
صǳ
ԷûκζԻֱӽ֣һн֮󣬶Էһڰ棬Ľץһ񴸣֮ͬĴڣ̺ϵϢǰԵ
ʽս֣ײǿߵӰúܳսҲɢ
ܿ죬ֲǧﵽ
ڣֵֽ磬Ǵﵽ߶ȵĶ
ҶҲǵһΣͨ
ֵǿߣȻģͨ߶񴸣ͷŵĽǣͬ˫㣬ˣֻɡ
·顣
ѵνͨ
Ҳֲ̫ˡ
һ棬ҶҲ֣ԼĴ򣬾ȻѾﵽĸ߶ȣһνϢ
Ļƣһһɢƣƽٴ֮󣬰׳ɽ˲Ϊƽء
ֵܣֻƵ֪׳۶ٱ


2067 
λ֣Ҷ֮Уۼ֤񼶱սȻš
ʮ磬ֻǿ߽֣Ѿʮܽܵĸ߶ȡ
ʮҲ̫ħزڤףˣزڵ磬硣
ⳡսȻн
ʱõֶΣҲֶΣ޼˻ףδʩչ֮УӦõڰ񴫳еϢһȥ𶯡
Ǳ˽λ񣬶Ըλ񣬲öôͨӦ
һսʮ꣬ŻĽ
Ҷϣ˫˭ûлʤȥⳡνս
Ȼʤһܿס񣬿´ӴԺ󣬺ڰΧĵҪɺ׵۹
Էһʮ磬ưԵĴڣϧǰɳԲ˱ˣҶߣʮЦ
̾ҶȻص׳ǣ
ҶȻҪյΪϾͻλʥҪȫںϣҲ׼õı֮С
ܵö֮Уʮڵӡ֮鱦඼̺Ϣıʮֲʥ񵽸߽λı࣬㹻ﵽ߽λ񣡡
ʮڵӡ֮ȷǸ˵֣ϴεõĵڻʣһЩ
ˣռһЩӦúܸˣ
ȻصĴ˸գҶȺ֮£ͷųһаϢ

ֻа֮УȻʮһ˫ǰ󣬶ұɽϢǿ󣬿Ϊ׹˵֮Уյ˱仯
Ҳϣ֮֮ʱƬ潵ĽγɵģƬ̫࣬ռϣǿʼΪԴлᣬΪԶǿֻ֮ҪĲν֮Ҳֻһ⣡
ɽ磬֪˵֮һֱҲϣڵ֮Уռ
ҶҲΪ⣬벻˼
±֮󣬱뿪ٴҶС
Щ飬Ҷж·õķΪҶȵķһ򲽣ı䣬ҲԶҶȵķһ޷ıġ
Ȼպÿ޼˻ףһֱҶڵ̫ʮ٣ԼΪ̫һڣ̺޼˻Ҳʮֱ
ҪΪУҪǿ֪жѡ
ԹΪ룬ʮĸ߼ȫӤڣյȻ֮У̺ĵԴϢ
֮УҲ˻ơ޼սԼ֮ڰڵ֮УĴͨ磬ǿʮ
ͨʮյ֮ҶȵΪΪ޼˻׵õ䣬Ѿ̤λʥ״̬Ҳ۴ʱ䣬ʱ뿪ˡ
ҪĿģȡԼĿ궼ʵ֣ڣҲܲȥʮ˲ڤ

ǰ֪ʮ˲ڤȻʮ˲Ϊ
Ժ֮Уڤ˯ǱԨ¶һˣȹƮƮģоͼΪܣ뵽ʲôɫһ
ͨʶʲô磬ڤʮ˲ǺεȵΪ
ʮ˲磬Ҳǵ롣
꣬أĵǿһ֣һռиٴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ֶڤǶǵһ壬ҶҪȥڤǴﵽԪʼ񣬻һϣ
Ĭã֮ʱ䣬֪ѿӽ꣬ʣһʱ䣬Ҫص硣
뿪ѾƯڰա
ҶǰҪϻ磬е磬һ£Ҫ⣬ʵȥʮ˲
˼֪ˣȥѰڤ䣿ķҲӵеڤµӡƬϢҵӦò£Ǹȥʮ˲Ѱ䣡
ҶȵķһӾͲ³Ҷȵ뷨
Ҷ¶οɫʱ뵽һ棬ڤǲһ壬һԱõĺڰ񴫳УĺڰҲ̫ڤ׷ߣڤڵѵżȻ𣿡
˼
벻⣬ȷҶȻδȥϸһ档
ʱҶȸоⷬ˵ʲôڵɽ٣ŽҵõڰĴУ֮ڤԼǿ𣬼Ϻڰ̫ڤĹϵ˵õڰ״УżȻ
𣿡
һȻԨڵҲʱˣһУ̤һԵҲһ˽⣬ţڵ֮УһΪԭۡ׵ǵǿߣ
ԭۣ
һƿصҶ׷˼Ȼãڤֵ߳ĵǿ𣬾ǵϴڵߣԭۡ
ʵЩܣ
ԭۣʵҲԪʼ񣬻Ĵڣ֮ҶȾòܣΪԭۣڤǰ㹧ڤʲôˣ
һжĻΪΣڤڵ룬ܵǿأ
Щɻл⿪һڵһ磬ηֱҲ֪ʱٻصСİɣǱԶŵһ
Ҷȶ֮󣬲δֱʮ۷ȥ
Ŀһƺܼ뿪ʮȥʮĲջһū

ǲϵū̳ڷǰ
Ȼ˫ϥ£Ӳվ
ֶĿ񷣬Ȼūصڰʹõ֮ӡڵԨ֮У
֮֮׹Ԩ֮Уõ֮Ҫﵽſԣ
񣿡
ΪԨʮ˲Ԩ֮УǵǿߣϢ֮أֻ̤룬ǵ̫֮ڤҲģΪ̫֮ڤˣʱƵԨﴫţ̫ڤӡ񼣵ĵط֮пܾ˴˵֮е֮У
ԭˣҪõڰĴУҪõ֮
Ȼ򣬳Ĭһ̾̾ʣ뵽ʲô̫֮ڤ˭ǿ󣿡
֮벻֪֮꣬УĹ֮˵ʵūҲ֪ūĵ̫ڤص֮Ҳ֪֮жǿ󣬵ǼȻΪ֮񣬱ȻǵĿǣ
Թͬʱ
ūֻ֪̫ڤҲԣ˺ڰҲֻܼūش
Ȼٴ񷣺𰡣Īһжעģڰ֮Уڹ磬ָҿһЦҶͬʱԦڰ


2068 Ⱥ
ɽ磬Ͻ磬ʱҶƣˣȴѾΪ
Ҷȵɱ˦ں档
ûɽˣ
һħû죬Ѱټ˳ʵˣҲֲôĻˡ
˻뿪߿գھŲ
һõʱ䲻࣬ҪӵԽ磬صɽ磬Ҫһʱġ
Լһ֮
ɽ磡
һɽ֮УҶȵ˴޽֮ط̤ɽ磬Ѳ񵱳ӷɽ顣
ѵū֮Уε֮Уʱ̫̣һٶ꣬ʵδ٣ڵջı
ɽ磬ֶ죡
Ҷȶ̤磬ֶ۴ֹԫġڽ֮ӭҶȻع飬һ֮ҶҲõ϶ֶۻ̤磬ǵɽΣķֶ졣
Ͼ̫ʼڹͥڣ˭Ҵ⣡
ҶʵʦͷȷûУ
ֶ۵ͷȷˣħڡаһʮˣⷽҲ̫ͦ࣬ۡ顢۴ɡ졢̫ƻͷ߾ϼؽ౦ۡ׷ħ桢滨šˡĸ˫ʥɳɽˮԼʥɽʥ޼ڵ޼ˡޱڵ΢ߡңˣдһʮˣʮˣ
𣿡
벻յĵˣҲ֣뵱ҶȲδնɱ𣬾ǿǴߵķϣͬǬɱ˾ɱˡ
㲻֪Դ칬֮ȥ磬ɽ߶ǽ̫顢۵ϹŶϵֵò
ҲͷҲǹȥˣʵн죬ҲöлûֶͷҲἤڵǱ뿪ĶϹŶһߣɽҲûˣ
ʵɵǿߣԼϹŶȥ磬Щˣڹɵ
ǵĵûо԰գȥ磿
㣬ǵȷ뷨ô꣬˶ȥͷħа̡жٵİɽţж٣󻹲ֻĴʥɽޱ޼վ
أ
ҶȲĴ
ûлشˣЩǿˣֶʧҡҡͷ
ʮˣ⻹λ磬Լġɾʮˡ
࣬ɽ羫ӢеľӢǽܳķߡ
ûݣ͸ȥ
ʦʱ䲻ˣټоͷֶ죬Ǿͳ
Ҳ̫ɽúðһ
ţ
Ҷ뿪ֶ죬óơ硢ն찲źø֮ٸֶ졣
һ̫ɽ磡
빬ûɾټˡ
ҲٴΪ̫ɽ磬Ϊ̫ʼԼͥ᲻ٲףǴﵽʵĴڣҶƿأһ̫ɽΣգҶԲ׿ܣǿߡ
ܿ죬̫ɽĽ磬ʮֹҪǣҶȰ̫ɽģһ
кģ۴֮ʱҶȼ̫ϤףԷĸߣʸɣɽ״۵ˣиĸԼĪȻˡ
ĪȻʣϧΪڶ٣
ƺ֪ҶҪŻġɾ뿪ȻˣҶҲΪ˸ϴʣעԽǵڣһǧʱ䣬󲿷ˣ¶̤
ҶҲΪᣬٻ꣬Ψһĵӣãɽ֮УҲѡ
˲ԭ̤һ޷һ¡
УϢҲһȥս߷壬ҶţʱķֱΪ˽ط·
Һ֮ǰʮۣ꣬Ҳûź
ü˵ʹҶȴŻԼɾ뿪̫ɽ磬Ȼܷһʹ
ɾҲһ̫ɽǵļңһеĸӪ죬Ѫ˳Ϊһˡ
һ뵽Ҷ뿪ɽ磬ܻصɽ磬ôܻһ죬Ϊ󣬴ﵽĿ꣬Ҳܻصɽ磬طꡣ
ͥ
ˣ˫ʥֶܵٻֶ죬ҶҪʮͷ̤磡
ʱ֮У֮ڡ
̫ʼɶϷ칬ʱһ˫ͫԼ˸Ĺ·شۡشۡԼţͷ
˫ʥûɣ̫ʼ·˾ͷ
ش۵˷ģǶˣǶвأ
ţͷűȭ񣺡ɽΪеľͷҪҶȣ̤磬Ƕȡɽ磬õİ취Ӧô̫ɽ磬Լֶ֣
£ͻȻ̫ʼɫһ裬ֱţͷ
ţͷɻĿ̫ʼˣ
ۣ
̫ʼûģΪţͷʲôֻ΢΢ǣţͷ㱻ƿֱѹһѪ忪ʼҲ˼£ٴһѪ
䣡
ɽ磬ΪͥǿߣȻ̫ʼ¡
ţͷͬӪۣʱҲҿڣһ³
̫ʼӸ¸ţͷ񣺡õָֻţ£
ˣ²˼
ѱţͷҲǷ԰̫ʼ
ǶҼס˵ĻӲ˵ڶ飬ĿǰҪάɽƽ״̬Ϊˮδ֪һֱڿɽ磬ǣҲ㲻ʲôǲúͿԺ˵ʲôհˣ
ţͷ񣬻۵棬̫ʼȳһĴǿ߶Ҵ
һᣬղ𽥻ָƽŻ̫ʼһţͷվֱʱǹͥƿߣ磡
ǣˣ
شۡشۡһһ㵣̫ʼִ¿Ц
磬ʥأ淨ĩΪľϣĩܴǽ磬࣬ʵΪ硣
ʱԸͻȻҪʵ֣ʵ͡
֮УһǿΪϸԪ֮ǰķߣжҲ֪ƻǽΪǹͥһƿߣ֮ǰͥƿߣΪǿߣ

˽⣬ԺʣԼ֮󣬵
ˣµʦϸԪƿɽĴڣɹϸԪڷ磬ĪҲ֮УţشۼѹԼ
ɽ磬Ҳ࣬ϸԪϸԪǰ
شۡҲˡ
޷Ǵ𰸣ȵ磬ȥʹɣ
̫ʼվ޷ǲ֮ҲҪȥ磬ڴ֮ǰһкܶҪ죬Ҳѹͥúý£Ҫйˣ̤Ľ֮У
˷ģ
Ĵֹ͡
ɽ˷ȴͬˣһԻ̫ʼͷ겻ѣֻ˵ʱĳ֣ǰƶǰܻᱻ˳Խ


2069 ħ
ʮ
УҶѴʮʮ
Ȼơϵ
ȥơԼūǵʵӦ١
Լȥһʱŭյһ⴫ϴ󣬱ˣڱһΪħĵطүүģһħѨȫǴž綾ĻˣҲ࣬ʮ֮࣡
ҶȻû뵽˻鷳
Ȼ磬ǿߵ磬Ǹ߲͵ȣҲǿġ
϶ˣ
Ҷȴ߶ǧͼյԳϢΪ꣬ȥ
ٶȣ磬һ࣬õڰĴУȴҲĵʿ磬硣
һ֮ҶȾһƬʪ磬ơ硢뵶ūϢҶȶԸӦʮͬϢ
һ־аϢ֮ວš
һϢ·һֵ鱦
ơ磬ǸӦ鱦Žħ֮С
Ƭ֮䣬ҶȾ׷˺¡
磬ޱߣҲ֪жкܶطδȥħһΣ֮ء
Ϣʪذշȥ
Խ룬Խж󣬶ʪʧأһƬһƬףʬǣУγɵеаڰϢ
еʪ֣ƺ֮ǰӦ鱦
Ҫħڣ·һƬϿʱҶȴ֮УһŨҵĵ
ʪ֣ʪҲͨɭֻ֣ǳ֮Уɭ룬ҶȸӦ鱦׼ȷλãҪᱦʱȻӦ鱦ΧԹ֮鱦Χͷš
Ӧԭͬ˹ڣƾħһʵʿһֻ֣Ǵʿ࣬еʿҪǾ帯ãҪǸʬֻˡ
еĻˣҲ絶ūǰ˱۵ħһģԷ硢ɽ硢Լڵʿ
Щˣʵﵽʥ֮ʵ
Ӧһ֮Ҷȱ󵨵ط鱦ɭ֮һʯ֮УһѪɫʻԼһ׶ߣ濪һ䣬տһСѪɫݵ黨
Ȼ鱦Ǵӻ֮У͸ǿҵϢ
Χſ𣬿Ѿ䣬ӵĻˣЩӦþǳᵽĶħ

һҶȾͰ黨ᵽ
ʱͻȻ̧ͷǵӣǸõģƵģأһ࣬Ҷһɹɺˮ
ˮж
Ҷ͸ܵ˿û㣬ֱӿˮ
Ƭˮʴ£ûΪһƬҶȸ߿ָһ⣬֮ƣˡ
䣡
˵ը
ЩˣʵھŽλԼһλʥ֮䣬ȻҶȵĶ֣ҶʵѾԽʥ񣬴ﵽ񣬾ﵽߵĵزڻ
ԣնɱͷˣ׾٣
δаָˣЩ˵ʵôơ硢ū˶Ӧùǣȴڶħ˵һ㣬˶ʮĻˣʲô
鿴黨ϢȴһɵĶʿ²УƵˣҲҪ
պ黨ǰȥ
ԼʱͼһɽӦ˵ǵ죬ޱ֮УΧҶȼ˴Ļ˴
ģ塣
ԸôˣҲס
߶ߣԽΧĻ˴ħŷֶħϰ벿֣һߣڶħ֮УҲĻˣǲɽȥһ磬Ȼǵʿġ
꣡
ӽΧͻȻӿһҽ
ҽڲȼգʱӳħħȥһ顣
ҽӦǳƵ˷Ĺҽ·ʣ֮л˴ᱻҽȼգ˺£ҽ֮Уϵɱ磬еߵһ룬ͻ
ǵ鶼ɱ¾ϸ
ҽֻ𵽻ãЩˣɱ磬ʼ磬Ȼӽ֮УַһһƬ˱ɱ
Զħ˵㣬ʲôڶħϷҲŴˣֱѶħΧˡ
ǣ϶õʲô󱦱ɣ
ȻǷŭˡ
һҶȾǰҲֳһͨҶȽС
ϴ󣡡
磬ŵūʯϱһҶȱˡ
һҶ磺ǲǴ˴Щˣ
ġ
ƺͬ飬ҿڣ߳ǸӦƬбͷħϳ̺Ϣ黨õ黨ͬʱǷһɽһ߽λʥĻУеıһ黨гĻ飬رǾ͹ϳˡ
ˣ
ûϵҲᡣ
ֵ֪ǱնɱĻˣħͳĻˣ뿪ʮ˾ͰΧˣЩ꣬һֱɱˣɱ꣡
Ҷ룺Ҹоϣ黨ȲɼȻ߶ǧͼ뿪ģҲͨ˽֣ʵ
Ըɼ黨£ȥŪɣ
翴ҪƵˣԼ̯Ӹ
ҶҲ£ҪɱҲйȥɼ黨ǲƴȥʱ߶ǧͼ˾ͿϢȥ
ҶȾͷɳ磬ϢʼӦħ
أ
ͷޣͻȻ˹
Ի˸ȤȥɣҪԶپͳԶ٣
ողɼһ黨޾ͷɳˣҶ֪ˣԻŹôõĻᡣ
һ£޾Ͳˡ
ҶߴΧһ˽һɱȥ֮У硢ūֹδ߶ǿǱһ֣ƽ״ֵ̬ʵѾﵽʥ۷塣
ԣӦֻˣûдǧͼҪ뿪ħҲֻǿɱһѪ·
֮ҶȾͲɼһٶ黨Щ黨ﵽʥͽλ߶ȣ񵤣Լжǲı
ͻͻͻ
Ȼһǿҵĵ𣬴һ
Ҷһ֮УȻʮͷﵽʥ߽λĻˣƺλҲֱͣӴŻˣ硣
ȥûûˣҳʱȥһʲôǿע鷳ˣ
ڵģǵʿˡ
ҶȼƲ߶ǧͼ磬Ҳͣ¹Ҷȴ߶ǧͼһͬʧһǳâ֮С
˸ո뿪ͱƣɱ˽ȥһʱضɽҡ
뿪ħƯڸ߿գʱͻȻʲôҶȵϴΪﵽλʥˣ
ѽҲҶʵ̫ǿˡ
ҶЦΪѾǽӽںһЩõ˲ͻƣ
ӽ񣿺ٺ٣ϽʱǻˣˣƼΪĽ


2070 ӵ
ֶո
ҶȴŻġɾ̫ɽһֻն죬ʷ˾콣Լˮ¾ʵ֪жǿҲǳԽĴڡ
ֹһ󣬳ƴŶ߾ϹŶҲһ˴ңԶһ֡
˵ˣֶϿա
һṦֻʮӰֶ۴£ֶͨӿ֣̫ۡ顢۴ɡͷȵϤľͷҲ֮С
ԼҶδס
˫ʥҲбȽɽԼڶˣƵûΧЩͷԣǶ˵ʵЩͷ֮УΪǿġ
ħаʮˣħֻˣҶȶϤӷ͸ӵĭԼɽۣħڴۣҪħڣԷͥԼɽƱ仯
аһˣҶȼȫܽԼ˶аһʣİףһǰڣҲа̵ϹŶ
壬Ϊףڣһˣûдﵽ鹫ӡ
ȻˣϤĴڣȻ̫ƻԼˡĸǲϤ
лһˣҶȸеǰһɽӣˮ
Ϊˮǵˡ
Ůѧѩӣ칬ʱҶնɱ˰вٿɽҲǵ죬ѩʧ֪ΪΣ˫ʥδɳɽˮ˳ɳɽҲһ
ֻˮܴɳɽδ
ƿߣѩѲ֪Ӱӷ絽ɽľŵ֮Ҳջһš
ʱ˿̣ͷǵһΣǼټҶȵģˡĸˮ˫ʥԼаĸ֡
޼ˡ΢ͷҶȹϵҲֶͬˡ
еľͷҶȡơڣһʮˣÿһµ
һͬɽҶȿˣԵƽȻλԷ˵ˣ·ˣ£Լ磬ˣλ·ˣǺңԶֻҪ׷룬ﵽ磡
˻һ϶ּڴɫ
̣Ҷȡơ硢ն졢ǰʮɽͷ޽֮أһƺƵϴƵ칬֮󣬿νɽȺٴξס
ҶҲӦٰǿߣѾڹڣԼ֮ڣǶǴŻɶǲҶʵô̤硣
֮У̫ʼǿߣֶ
ǿ߼֮ɽͷҲһףΪǸҶȣĶ֣
ҶȲ򵥣ǼҲ̤磬ִôˣ磬һ磬ɱ
δ˭˵ҵ󣬳ΪĽ֮ǹӲд磬һأ
ǰҲڴδ磡
֣°ĳ̸ţҲԿĳҶȵǿߵɱ⡣
Χдͷڰпʮͷ
ʱҶ˵꣬ɱ칬һĻɽ۵
졢׷ħ桢Ǭĩ
֮УˣƯڹ߿գԷľͷһһ
ҶȻһٿȻ·Ȼ˵λҪʱίһ£ҵ֮УΪҪͨҪ֣ҲûдŴֱӴͨ
˵꣬һֳָһŻ
ಣ
һЩͷȻЩԥֶ̫ۡۡˣͷŻ֮УɾġնҲ̷룬ħĴ֣ʣµҲԥ׷׽Ż֮С
ʮͷѽ֮УʧҶָ·ٵˣλѣұˣ磬һλ̤ͨɽ粻ᱻԶ֮£
ףڹռ䣬ϵ𵴡
ಣ
һǳâҶȡơ磬ź¡һǿд㶥㣬ӵķƬ㡣
Լʮķ֮ҶȾֹͣ飬պΧ㿪ʼѹ߶Ӥƣһƣٴʮ㣬һЩһ·Ѿȫݡ
Ӥɳ̫⣬Ҷ񣬸ǿ󡢳̫һʱͰΧѹķ棬״̬һ㣬㿪ʼһ㡣
ʵ½֮ǰǿ˲٣Թһݾη֮ģ񣬶ԴͨοЩʥ
ҶΪӶλʥֱ̤λʥ񣬼ϻͨ壬ʵΪǿģĵӣҲȫѹҶһ˼ͷֻҶƣʱʱ֡
λʥ񣬴ԼӵеͽΪʵӤɳ仯һδͨȴûʱ׶٣ҪΪǴ·ϷͨԷѹԼȻȴϵ£Ҫ
ʵܵѹȣҲͬҶȲռ˱ˡ
ڣ
磬ɽʱѰʯԼ
ʮǿߣڷ񸮵һռ䣬ͯڰػˡ
ʱ綼ǳԽǵԣѹʹǸоԶһҶҪأȫɱ
Ҳеǿߣʼûԣǲδоκ֮У֪Ҷȵˣʹʲôֶεͨģȴû뿪ռ䡣
ϴϢһ°ɣܲˣպôﵽռ䣡
֪ʮȥ
Ҷȡơֻͨ׵ķռ䣬Ҳýһռ䡣
˵ץסϢҲܽ벻½ףϽѡ
Ϣ䣬綼ڶħɼ黨
˼꣬Ȼ̾Ҳ֪纵ǣʲôȻֱӳ忪桭
Ҳţ԰ϴ̤ʱûʲôѵģ֮У׾ͽ߲ռ䣬ڶʥʵǰǿ򱶣ͨ
Ҳ֪Զ˾Ŀ⣬Ҷֻεҡҡͷ
ֵĪǺϧʥأ纣ΪˣΪֵǣǺúһ룬ǾȻԴ꣬Ϊɹȥ磬ϸڣڻع֪ǣжྪףȻԴ
һ˼ĪǺΪǣץɩӣõǣǣɽ粻ɣ
Ҳֻǲ²⵽һ㣬һ룬ùûа취ԪʼҲף纵ȴԣһõоǵܣǿݺᡢҲò࣡
ҲǣҲò˼飬ҪǺΪǶһõ֮ǾͿԵǣع⣡
ǾͱҲ룡ҶԽԽ纺ʲô֪Ҳ֪ȷܣҲֻ纺İΣ
Ǳץ磡
ӣҶŮȥ˵һס
ƣҶüͷסҲƺע⵽㡣


2071 ˳
纺Ҷȵʹ
ղһۣͬ˿Ρ
ȻҶҲڳĬ֮УȴڷղţƵĶԻ
Ȼ䣬ҲĲпܣΪ纺ӵǣŲһУʥش纺
ɴۣ˵Ļ𣬶йϵ
Ͼܴ˶漣𶯡
ϴں֮꣬ڵĵ򣬻кܳһξ룬ӦҲڣ췣֮۽֮󣬶Ҫȥһˣ
뵽ƵĶʵˮߣлҪȥһΣ˵Ҳջ
ڵʵնɱֵܣȴаĶ֣˵̤󶴸۶Ѱ纺䡣
Ҫǿͬǰǿſԡ
Ϣˣ˼Ϸ
һΣǹܿλǿߣڵķλãʵҲٴҵλǿķߣʲôͱ֮
ǷͨһΣͿʼϢһʱ䣬ȥȥϢʮΣҲĹ߲㣬𽥵ģɽϢʧϢӷ֮У
ܵϢ˵Ѿܽˣͬ๤ƵģͣӤͨͨ
һΣʮȥ֮ǰʮ꣬ʮ꣡
½ʱֻ˶ʮʱ벻ʵˣõʱ䣬Ӿˡ
䣡
һʹâһķ㣬ͻȻ䣬âӷʯ֮УâһΪ˵ĸо
磡
һϣ뿪㣬ϤĹ֮ϣĿƣʼָ
ҶóȥһϢ͸֮С
ոս룬ʮǿ߶Ӧˣ׷ʳͬһ⣺ɹ𣿡
Ҷڿռ֮ϣһڴһ˫˫Ŀ⣬Ҷȵͷɹˣλ
̫ˣ
˱ý񾭣и
ֻ̤ǿʼλһ̣ҾҪ̤֮Уһ˲䣬ǻ編ϴʵʾ飬ɢڵɵϢ֮У̫Σˣϣ׼
ھͷڼ֮ʱҶȴһˮ׼𣿡
ھͷ̲ס໥һ󲿷ֶЩԥ⣬ǺܿģÿĿⶼᶨޱȣϾѾûк·
ˣһ̤磡
ҶȻһһɺ嫵ľ·ӵŲصʮǿߣͻȻ˷񸮡
˿̣ѾǹھһңԶĽʯȺ֮ϡ
Ҷȿɲôߣڹֱӽ󣬵ʱһ˻Ϥػ硣
ಣ
ʯȺ֮ϣҶֶȻֶ졢̫ۡ顢һͷ
ֶ۵һӴ磬û˿쳣ֻ΢΢һ
ֵľͷȫһ
䣡
Ÿոռһۣδ񷣬жߣʲôɫʲôģ֪ããˮ֮С
ͻȻÿӭ˾ҵ飬һͷǵ壬Լɵʼܵѹų⣬ÿ˶ѪޱȣȻţҶȶ£ʼڽʯϡ
׼ҶǰΪҶĺ嫣ȺСķߣ֮ܵΰ
ÿ˶ҧܣ֮ÿ˵ƤѪɵʣΪϴ
֮У˾ֶֹ⣬ΨˣɣȻҲԵЩƣͷԳԵʹࡣ
̫ۡ顢ˣҲϷ⣬üͷţɼжʹࡣ
ѰڵɵϢȫˣ
ֻһ¹
ֶ۾վҶȵǰΪϹĴڣдͨҶҲδ֡
ֻǷֶ۵ΪǶλ²̫ˡ
Ͻ磬ϧ֪ȥ˺δããˮΪ֮һ̾ԵЩã
ҶδŶ۳Ĭһ󣬱ץʮŵͼ񵤣ԼһӣʦƵӣΪԪ˵
Ҳֱӽ£ȥԶĽʯȺʼա
ֻصǰִ˶ţмԵЩѣͦסˣϾЩˣһɽĶڣÿһ꣬һЩҪḻǵĵģҲ
Ҫ飬ɹԴҲмʮʱ䣬ҶлᣬȴҲһδ뿪ػһȷÿ˶ҪɹϣԼó֣Щ˶ܿԼɹΪ
Ҷļն졢Լ̫ۡ飡
˶Ҷ˵Ӧ󣬳ͷʵҲҶȶȥӦΪǱͳԽ󲿷ˣԼʵǶġ
ͷҲʱʱûŵӰÿһӰ뱾ͬϢ
ʵǿ󣬲֪еģҺɽ磬ֳʵ
񶫻߾𡢳ͷˣҲǾʵòҶȥ֡
Լʮ̾ɹ
ҶȳˣֱӰˣΧΪӾա
ɹ֮˿ʼǵһԴֻǵһԴ֮󣬲ҶṩĴٶȼӿˡ
ʮ£˵һɹΪ
ҶҲ˴ԶʯϣΪ󣬲óӷõˣƬ̫ˣʵ㲻ȫȥռЩںϾͲˣ̫࣬ѹ
õģ˽ӹδɫֵúƽ
ҶȾóӣԼ񵤣ˣҲϣҶ԰Ϊ
Ҷ뿪󣬽뽪̫顢ͷ߾ˣҲ׷׳ɹԴҶҲΪǵǿڶռУһܣҲͲñ¶
λ磡
նҲɹˣҶѶ˴һʯóУҲһ޴ľ
Ľݴ磬һͬɽû˺󡢺¹һŽ磬Ǽˡ
ܿ죬ɾҲɹԴ
ɾҶȾͲõģеõıʯԼǬ޼֮УһˣʣҶȲõ
ڻģҶóԼһᣬȷ֮ȥɹΪľͷ
ʮ£ֶʮǿߣ׷׳ɹΪҲԼĶУҶȸǵӣԼ񵤣پͷ벻Ҷ˴󷽣ҹϸ΢
ף񵤿϶ֵƣ֮УһͷУֶҶȿǷһ֡
һ֮Уȴһˣˡ
ͷ˽֮⣬Ҳ޽Ĵڡ
˫ʥ
ںһʱ֮󣬶˶ѳΪһλ²ʵµ壬Ǵݵϲá
λӣӽʮ꣬ҪһЩ
Ҳӣڶʮ꣬ͣɣӣ磬ǰɽ磬߶˵̫ɽҶȣжôɶײУ޳ܡ


2072 ô
ܣֻǱ棬ۣжꣿۣǹͥҲΰǣȻֵܣҪʵŵԣҶһһ
ߣССݣЭˣ
˫ʥĴ磬Ե쳣侲δҶȴ磬һݸж
ǵ۵ĳŵ
ͥڵĹͥѾζˣ
ΪֵܣһʥҲֻ̾̾
ۣ
ʯȺ֮⣬ҶȾ㲻ߣҲܰ˺һ˫ʥĶԻȻӲĶ䡣
˫ʥȻͥйϵ
Ҳ̫ʼйϵ
ɲǣҶȱˣЦø̫ʼۣͥ벻ڿ˼Ȼҿ˫ʥǱҵƤ£
ܣ˫ʥ֮󣬻һᣬԺ̫ʼȡϵ֮ǻҶȵĶȫ֪̫ʼ
ֶΣҶ˵Ѿô
֪ݣԼ⣬ҶȲδκβ˵뷨ڵݣСˡ
Ҷע̫ۡǶرԴԪԼһڰ񾳽磬ѹֱ꣬ӻﵽһλ²۷壬˶ãҲͻƵͽλ²
ǷߵǱ
֪ʮ͹ȥˣ˷磬ʮ꣬ÿ˶ϰһС
һͷ֮оʧʮǿߣһ񲪷ҲûκɵϢȫâ˸һһķڰվۼֻǵٶȣԼԦȻŰˣշеٶȣ뷲Сܲࡣ
˾ۼ֮󣬴඼ŸмĿ⣬Ҳ˱ɽͷǷ԰
ҶȥЩΪߣɽһԱʹΣ˴磬Ȼˣ˸ʱҲˣ·ˣӶʮĴ֮УҲܰΪ˵ǷյģǿĵдߣɽͨϢһȥǵ³Լкεȷ죿
˻һҲ˼֮С
ҶֵҶȵΣǰɽĵѣ磬ˣǿҪʲôΪЧ֮ģǵɣһǵʮĴһǱȽϤҿڴӦȻҪȥʲôǵɣ
ھͷ󣬸Եͷ
ǶףҶ˴˽Ǵ磬ֲǿ磬ʵƿжԼɣҶȵȡ
Ҷô׼һ£ơһᣬö˻ص̫ʥԼʥأΪͷ֮ۻвҪʼЩ˶Ҫڸʥ֮УȻ췣֮ۡ
ܿһʥء
ҶҲʼʩչʥٶȣʮ߷ʮ
º

ҶѾûʥԬڴһǳ֮УʮۡҶȻ֪йϵϾЩͷи뷨ҶȼȲǿѣҲ޴Լܣ¶ˡ
˻ǵһμǳأĸǴ𺳱顣
ۡڵĳǳأǳأа˻ڰбݻѾǴ֮ĵһ̻ᡣ
ʮۡû׼ˣҶȲ˻֪ҶǷߵݣȻÿۡ˾סʱ͸㶨ˣҶҲԤһЩʯ
һÿһԼ񵤣ʮˣҶһ¾ʮ񵤣˴ֱʣپͷ
źԺҶȴӴ˾ͲԼ
֮Ҷڳǳصľ¥һ󷿣ֶܿۡն졢ġɾ̫ۡ顢ͷ߾ʮһȺۡ
ڴһˣҲ̸ֹ޷籾Դʲôͬ
̸һҶȾͿңϽһʮˣĸλҵѣˣģǻỳɣǲҪԼǵжǳǲŽ磬ûΪãһ룬ѴһйģˣϾĲһҲͲһ
ĺܶԣ
ȵͷʾͬɽжٰ񣿾ҲǧİɣҶģҲֻʮˣˣǻŸ˼뷨ģ
Ƕ̫̤֮꣬꣬磬ѾңҲӦһ䡣
˶ҶȵѴ
ѣ˸ѡ
λ뿪ʱҲˮգڴǿжΣյģӴ֮󣬴ҿԽȥУҲԶУΪһ໥ĺã
ҶȼԼĹ۵㣬ȻҲ׼õͼˣһᣬǿߡ
ϸʮŻˣѡʥأ֮УȻҲɢޡ
ʱû뷨ܸ֮мչ˵ϸ΢
˰֮ɢȥҲֻʣֶۡն졢Լɾ
ʮͷ֮УˣˣҶ׵ˣҶȻҪرģǰЩڴǰ֮ѡΪİ˻ӣҲڵ̫ӣǺϵͬԳʲô飬ҲиӦҪ֣ҿУΪ
ҡҡͷֵܣԼȥȥ磬Ǹã
أҶֿˡ
û
Ҷһͬ⽣İ취ҶȵǿԼİ磬ǿҵĴ̼ˣҪΪǿߵͷ
Ҳãʲô󣬾Σգ߶µٷҾ֣ܳ
ȻҶҪȥҶҲǿʲô
ʵãҶиԳɳռ䡣
ھ¥ֱҶĿۡڵķȻ߶
˰죬Ƶ꣬һˣߣʥɽƿߡ
֮󣬱Ҷʱ䣬ڴ
Ҳ˲٣ǳֶ֮⣬ӦһˣͬΪҲﵽ˶λ²񣬿ٶȣҲᳬˡ
ҶԼ㣬ҲҪɽۡĭһͬУܾͬҶȵĺ⡣
ȻˣҶҲǿȻ˵İΣĵģΪˣһҲ֪ɽ磬ܱˣ磬ȴС
һᣬ˱ӵ뿪˾¥
ҶĿͶȥȻ£ҶȵǰҪ㣬ʮͬһֻ֮ĴΪʥأǡãҲеĵӣ
ʥأ
ʵʥɽ¼֮УȷʥصĴڣ˵ʵʥɽʥأ
Ҿǰ˼ҪʥأһѡȥУ
Ҷȣ㲻ǰһǰһģڳɾͳԽˣԵưɣҵĿ꣬һ죬磬ѰʥأȻʥϢҾҪУ
ãȻ룬Ҿ˳ȥΪǾԱܵģʱܹݣʥأҲҪԼͨһԣ
ģƾԼʥأ
߻ĿͷӦ


2073 ƽʵ
ź֮Ҷ˻ӽȡùͨϾҪʥػһˣʱ䣬Ҳͼ꣬ҶȾȻҲΪ족ģȥ󣬲鿴
Ҽʱṩ񵤣ڵʵ̶ʱ䣬Ϳ޷ĵͼ񵤣Ҫ۶󣬻ͨΪȻҶҲἫٵһЩ߼񵤡
ʥԬѻɾϵˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷȴڣ򷢳
ǽնˣ뿪ȥΧУķߣҲ뿪
ţں֮ĵĲ繫ҲϢ֮ľַ˱仯߹Ϊݻһ֮һλع顣
繫ˣڼٰпˮ¿ɳĿʯѾܾˣǧҹͣɣѾۼƵһʾ˵ĴƸ
ΣӷҲϢ
ҶǣʮһŵϢѾ꣬ʮйŽԼ׷
ӷΪ׷һʥأʥصĳţȻʮһһ⣬ðţҶϡģһģȻӷҲ֪Ҷݡ
֮дϢ޷ӷҶݻϤ뼤Ҷȥ͡
عʥ죬ʵ֪£
ӷ֪ϢҲ֮УҶӦ˵׼Ϊʥشμ췣ۣ֮ϣӷ췣֮
ûʲô֮Ҷȱ߷ʥء
֮ʥ֮⣬߼֮Լʥء
ʥأͷԼϢ
һʱ䣬ˡФĪ˵һһݶ췣֮۾ҪˣʥҲȫ׼֮С
ûеһʱ䣬ص泽ɽֱʥ
ʥ֮⣬ӶҶȹݣһӣǵ֮һ
£볤һͨӣҲҪ
ʥͱФһռ䡣
ռǛ֮
˶ϷһҶȣʲôҪҶ˵Ҷȵһۣʱ󾪣㡭꣬ͻƵλʥ񣡡
λʥ񣡡
ФһȻ𺧣ΪȻ͸Ҷȵĵӣǰһʱ䷢֣ڣȻҶȵֶͨΣѾﵽĸ߶ȣҶȵΪһʱ䷢֡
ś˵ϸϸ´ҶϢȻѾǸ߽λʥ
ѣʹӶλʥֱ̤λʥ
ФǲԼˣǰվŵˣԾһֱɽŵӣҶȣ
˴ͷŴҶȣֱֱҡͷ̾Ϣܣܣ꣬Ӹ߲̤ʥڽִ꣬Ӷλ̤λʥҶȣ֪ЩˣӶλͻƵλʥ񣬷׷׶ʮ֪꣬ζʲô
Ӳʥ࣬γȥչأõ
ȷЩ˼飬޷͡
ҶȼԼФ֮þ֮£иͣܺϲ˿ϣеľܡ
Ȼ֮УһţĪҲ֪ʵʥеʥԼӣĶְɣ
ʦ֣˻˵ЩװɣҶȻ֮죬ţλʥ˵ʥ񾳽ڣ޵֣Ҫ֪ʥ񲻱ÿһ֮ʹ޷ԽʵФš
ĿǰܣʱܹЦ
и͡
Ҷ룬Ϊٴڶʱ䣬ʥ񾳽磬һʥ˻֪Ȼ޷Ӱ죬ƱҲᴫʮʱжҪ̣
νз磬ӿ϶ù
֮ʵǰżȻ䣬õһӦʥǰһֱ޷͸γȥչأ⿪ܣõĴУΪԼҲţ꣬ͻʥ񾳽磡
ŶФһͫǺ档
һʥ񾳽磿
Ǻεȵı
ಣ
Ф뛕ʥظ߲㣬ҶȺһԼõĻƽʣ˳

룬ƽһ֣Ф뛕Եúܾ㵣ʶƽʡ
ФҡҡͷһţҶȣûЦɣʥ֮У˶ʶҶоûʲôĴڣ
ˣһֱʥر֮УԪ֮⣬һƥûôķȥȪ̻ӼԪ֮ǰڣʥвˣҲҳܣ
˽Ž͵һڣϧôȱԼˣû˷ܣ
ҶȣΪλ޷ӦĲФĿȫڻƽ֮ϡ

ҶƺҲýͣƽʣҲδֳĲΪͻƵʥֻľԵʣ򣬻ƽҲֻΪղƷ
ϣһõȻ޷ͣҲҶԼͣԾһ򵥵İ취
һԻƽʵȻ֪ˡ
ã
Фһӡ˺󼸲ǰһֻϢ΢΢תķơ
ңƵ̶ȣȻﵽ߽λʥ
ȻⲻФʵΪѾﵽʥ۷壬֪ǰʹﵽ磬һֱ޷ͻƣϵңҲ֤Ҷȵʵλʥʵܷ
һ
ҶȸֶЦݣԵƵᣬû˿ĲƶϹŶҲԱȼ硣
ͣ
ֻĻӶ۰һɾ磬Ĵڻƽ֮ϡ
ƽͬƶƿռ䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣʹФ֮ϡ
һֻɲǼ䣬ƽʵıʷ棬׾ٴƣФ˺һҡ
⡭̫ǿˣⲻһķФѹƻƽľ֮
֪ƽѾﵽ豹ľ磬Žλ񣬾ǵ䣬޷Ĳ
Žλ񣬽һԪʼ񣬿âҲҵŽλľͷ
ǿΪֻȥ䣬ǵŪɣ
ҲˣΪ߲㣬֪Ҷں֮ĵһУҲ֪Ҷȣӵ޷Խʵǰ׾پ͵ڴ˳ФǴ޷͵ĳ
һӡФҶͨ
գۣ˾һĽǰ
ಣ
ʱԼϹŶҲһһ
Ǜˣģһ֮˶ߵΪĸҶȵΪͻλʥ
ЩΪﵽĸ߲㣬ϹŶһ𺳡
ӭ䣡
ʩ
ֻһۣǶֻصƵӭһο΢ЦȻĿҶϡ
ҶҲּ䣬ѻƽʵȥ
ץסƽʣظȻü˼һƺҲѵˣϹŶڴǶ۵ķʲôͷ
ǿ
㼸֮һͻȻһžˣһ˵Ĺֳһֻƽʣдʲô


2074 ҵѡ
񣡻񣡡
ФԼϹŶ׷ױǹŻϵˣֳֻƽʣ滭𺳡
ǺεȵʵԼģ
д񷣬ŹŻˣڴء
еĻƽʣҶȵõĻƽʣԼ߰˷֮ԻȫͬΪдʱǹŻĻƽʣպǳɺƯ״պֻбʼһ˶ˣʷ档
Ҷ֪ƽʵԼҶȵʵڶŪ챦ʲô
ҶڣҲ֪𰸡
ŻתŻƽʣʾ£̾Ļʥص䣬һģеˣҲǵʥصʦ
ʦү
ֲãӵе
ֵʦ񣬵ûʲô⣬һֱûоݻеĻƽʣһֱҲ˺ԣʦд⾳֮ϣ֧ƽʣոֻľյļԴ߶һȻʥصķһ
񣡡
ʦүķȻ񣡡
˶Ϊ֮һ̾
ܣȼǴﵽŽλĴڣҲ˵ԪʼеİֻƷʶѣҪԺҶȥ֣
ΪʥأĸˣҶȣ겻ѣҶȣ֧ƽʣǶʶҲӴΨһˣԵõ
ĪҲ̾Ƕ޷õģȴӵУʥصԵ֣㣬ģ
ȻʦүĶҶȣǲ̫һ㣿ϹŶ֮һһˣȴͬ
ʱҶȵͷҶȣȳȥһ£
Ӹǣ
ҶȺ̹Ȼ뿪˿ռ䡣
棬߶ߣڲ˺һ
ʱʦܣ㲻õҶȵ棬뷨
أϹŶ֮һĴϹŶֱǳͨˡϼ븵֮
ˣʥ֮УϹŶĴҶȽʥҲֻ˻ع飬˶С
ϹŶΪǴﵽ߽λĴڣΪ񡢛˲߽࣬λ˽λ񣬾ǾŽλÿˣʥصĶ
ʱؾȻͬȻǴ£ϹŶۣҲҶ½ӣԲġ
˶벻ȴӵһĴڡ
ҳΪµʱϹŶع飬ˣˣҵĴڡ
䣬Ҷ𣬵ФϹŶȴʦһĻЩϹŶ̬Լڶǵ
ЩϹŶЩϣҪһ㣬Ҳǳ˵ͨԽߣӵеԽ࣬ԽǱѬġ
Ӧ飬һУգ޷̤񣬵ǳɾͣҲЩϹŶ޷ȼġ
䣬д͸𣺡ʦ֣֪ҶĵһҲ˻ɣЩ£ǶԺԲΪʥأ
һϹŶҲͬⷨʦֵڴϣǵΪҶͻȻðͰʦүʥıһϣҪӣ֮У̫˵ĲŻҲҶȲЩᡢˣԼѾͻ񣬱ΪʥؽӰ˵ľ
ڱʥرǲԸҵϣ
ᡢȷ֮еţӵ̳ҶҲóϣ£˭ʸܳķ档
⣬ЩϹŶʦүķ
䣬Ǽ˵Ҫú룬һҶȣһ⣬ôʦүĳ
֧ƽʣǾŽλĴڣʥأһԪʼô޷߶ǵһѷǺܽһͻƣɾ񣬾ʹ
ϹŶҲվڷһߡ
ĺȵλʦܣҶȣͻ⣬Ǹ˰ᡢţͲˣ
һϹŶ΢ЦʦĪҪŭֻ£Ȼڵ϶ȫȻӦðʥأڷӡ⿪ЩϹŶԲеİ֮ǰѾʦүڻ֮Удʲôǿ϶ǳԪʼܣ
ϴϹŶΪ˲ǹսĪФֳϣȴһֱֳĬ֮УҲһû˵
ͻȻɫһȻ£Ϊ־Ͳλǰһ̣볤ţ飬ȥ췣֮۵ֱһͬ⣬ǾҶֱӽ췣֮۵

췣֮ÿֻһÿҲֻʮҲ˵н췣֮۵Ҳٸѣôװ׸Ҷһ
ϹŶһĸǷԵġ
ص䣬𣿻¿ǣϾٵӣЩŬΪľܽ췣ۣ֮
ʥڵһжɳԼʦȥǼȻϿɣҲû˵ֱƫһ
¿£һ֣µҪ
ɣ
ƺʲô뷨Ͼʥ飬˾飬ҲԤǿҶȽһҶȵĿڷ磬ҸҴģҶȲʥصⰲţػһˡɸѡԼŬΪʮ֮еһԱ
䣬ʮֱֻԤ߸ʥеӣʤ߲ܳΪ֮еһԱǼȻԤҶȣٷڣФͻȻҲ˵ˡ
£λʦܣǾΣ
ƣФضԣֱϹŶ
ãװ׽ܣԼŬҲû˵ϹŶЭˡ
ԭμ췣֮۵ʮµġ
ѾԤ⼴Ҷ֮УҲ֮⣬ΪѽʥأͷʥΪһμν
룬ȴʵҶȻЩ⡣
ʱФԳҶٴλص
Ϸɴ΢ЦҶȣ췣֮ۿҪˣʥʮ췣֮۵ʸΪһԱĵӣͨڵĿˣڱͻʥһֱӵԤʥأһβμ췣֮۵ʮ֮һ
˻һϹŶԼ񡢛ˡФĪˣĶᵽɤˡ
ҶȻȭʩӺεºܣ췣ۣ֮£ʥصŵӣΪ֮УŬţϣһ죬ܽ췣ۣ֮ҶȣҲֻһӣʥַʽֱӸҶöٵӲƽϣʥǹģǹģҲǹƽģᣬӦƽȣ
Ѿ¶صļЦݣ˼
Ҷֲڳи߲㣺ϣһƽý췣֮۵
˻һ·֮ͬϹŶԼˣ¶㵡ֵı飬ҲΪ֮ͷ
ΪţԼƣ
˸ģҲҪҪģԻͨԼȥã
֮ǰԴϹŶʱѾ޻˵ǰǻʲô˵


2075 ƽ
ƺϵҶȻѡ񣬶ԣҶȵѡΣ˭赲ķâ
صͷϹŶҲ޻˵΢ЦȻˣҶȣú׼£ʥϾҪѡΣ̫ϵӻᵮĸʣԤʥѡ
ʩ񣺡䣬֧ƽʣǽҶȰɣ
Ҳ׼ѻƽʣȻҶʱͻȻϹŶٴͬʱ߳
ǺʱѻƽʽظҶȣǾĬϣѻƽҶȡ
ԷΪףϹŶ䣬¹ش󣬼غʥصδΪ飡
˻һҲѡĬ죬ϹŶƱҪ
ȷ˶֪غʥصδ˭ӵУܸıδһǿӵУٿԱ֤ⲿһߵõ
̬Ⱥԣèܵõƽʡ
ҶУǰè
֮ԳĬΪòϹŶ飬Ͼ£ȷʥش£ϹŶܣϹŶ룿
Ϊʥ䣬뷽˼ɵҶȣҲԤеܸıʥصģܾҶȣ˲㶮Ҷһ½ӣʲôڣҲϹŶġ
ǛϹŶԼҲδ˵֣µȷغ̫
·ЩУҶһ½ӣԶǱġ

ҶȰ̾̾뵽ع뵽Ӧ飬ûΪϹŶԣԹЩϹŶĵģͬҲµõϹŶǻ٣˽ģϾ˭Ϊ
ƽʣҲǸıǣһĻԵ
֮Ҷڸ߲㶼Ĭʱһ߳䣬ǵ᲻Ҳ֪ʥصҪԣΪԪͬţδõϿɣƫƫӾͿԣ޷ͣڳˣ޷ͣܿ϶һ㣬ǾԵ֣ҵѾںҵõ沿ܴӶλͻλʥ񣡡
˵ģҺףͷڴҶȽ˵ʲô
ҶλϹŶ񣺡λ߲ʦ֣һΪҶûʸӵǿɲָһǣֻҪʥڣκһӣܴӵ϶߻ƽʣôӸԸã
Ҷȣ˻ɲ˵ڵģ벻ҶԸ֮࣬жٵӣΪǳλʥġ
ϹŶ֮һȥׯ֮ͨ˵ʦ֣ȻҶԼ뷨Ǿ͸øѡʥǹƽģ͸øÿ˻ᣬҶʱסҲ޻˵
Ҷȣˣ
ӾڣûػûŷҶȻ
ϹŶ׷׿䣬󻹵ȡ㣡
ͬ⣡
˭֪ܹϾͬˡ
˲ףҶȡ˶ΪҶȵʵŲɡ
ټӣһУ̨ټλĸ߲㣬һ֤
ǣ
ڸ߲㹪ӦȻһͬ뿪
߳ʥɲǣҶȵĺδйĳ˳ͬʥʽʮôһţʥš
ţҲֻͨʵ
ʵҲף֮ͬ⣬Ҳַͨʽʥصˣʵ
泽ɽ
ص֮Ҷȱ㿪ʼֻľڻƽʣʱܡ
ֻľдŶֻصУȴһָĪͬģʼϸԽģʵߣúˣ·ȥУҪ˲ȥ¡
ѧɽԪޱ֣Ҷȶԣͻʥ֮ѧҶУӳӾˣѧ󲿷ϹŶ
ΪǴߣֻߵĹϵֻֻľףϴһԸʹҶ绢
ʥڵӣҶȲͷⲻǣ֮УҲֻаᡢִﵽΪţǿҶȽ֡
ȻһƽʵϢ֮дȻиǿţϻʥأȡ
գָۣһȥ
һɽ֮ϣƯһаĽ硣
ʱһʥǿߣ˷磬Ƕʥصӣ£鷽˽磬ڼҲɼźƷƵӰ֮ڣУһɨȥٶӾ½ӵᡢּĵӣΪлмҲڶˡ
ܿ죬̨֮ϣФĪȳһһϹŶءͨˡϼġ֮Ҳһһһи߲½־Ǹ߲㣬һٶˣﵽĸ߲㣬ֻжʮˡ
ҲһЩᣬﵽĴڣ
ǵλӳӣҲǴ̤УΪͷ὾ӡ
ܿ죬֮ڣȻйǧӣٶ߲㣬ʥĿǰʵϻкܶδعʥصĸ֣ΪʮһȻ鴫
Ҷһ⣬Ҷƽʣ
̸֮У඼û뵽ĻƽʣȻһԪʼ
ÿ˶ģҶ϶߻ƽʡ
䵽
ʱ̨ͻȻһϵ
ʱžӣˢˢ̨
Ҷ̨ǰֳֻƽʣе˵Ҷ֪ԭҲظ֧ƽʣʥصһرҶȷеܣҶҲܴӶλʥ̤λʥֻ꣡
ⷬʱÿӣ˼ѪƵģ׷ӻƽʣҶȵĴڡ
ҶͻʥĹͣһҲûҶϣȫΪƽʣлƽʣ˭꣬ͻƺüʥλ
ʼɣֻǽмŹ棬ͬŽֹɱ㵽Ϊֹ
ֶһɭޱȣŹȻѻƽʣٴνҶϡ
Ҷֳֻƽһ̨֮ϣۻڱָ߸߾λʦ֣ȻǱ˶лᣬʦռ˸󵽵ıǰ˵ĺܶԣֻǽҪΪһ˺
Ҷʦܣ
ͻȻһӰ̨֮ϡ
һʮĳ꣬ΪλʥһֳƵñļƣȭ֮ûӰлӰһֻ֡
ޱ֣
Էһʥصľѧ
ҶȲɫͬһץҲ߶һֻ֣ŶԷѹĴ֣ϡ
ޱֶޱ֣
䣡
⵶ֵޱ֣ƴʵֻˣֻޱֵΣδ⡣
Զ׼Ҷȵޱ֣׾ͰѶԷޱץ飬
ҡҡͷѵرȭ硣
ಣ
һӰˣΪﵽλʥ
ƺͽλʥӣûҶƽʵͷΪ֪˶Իƽʣ


2076 ܾ
̨Ҷȴ񣬵׵ʦ֣
һֱŻƽʣֶΪ
ԷݣҶѾƣ֪Ϊ豣̤ʥһٶ꣬һΪﵽλʥѵȻˣЩԪŴﵽ߽λʥ˵š
ϸһĨ⣬벻ҪƽʵĵˣҶԵ˿ҲȭҶʦܣ֮ǰ˵ĺܺã߾֮
ʦֳ֣Ҷɴݡ
ղޱ֣ʦֵޱ֣ʦҲͬʽֽ̼֣
˵ʱʱ죬ԭһȻһֻ̺ȭӡҶǰ
ϯ̨
ʦ֣Ϊܻʤ𣿡
Ӫ֮УڰᡢŶ棬Ҳһ߸ϵţ˿Ƶλ˲ࡣ
еʡ
յӿȥʮ꣬ƤСɫñгѵõһӢ
֮Уվ۷Ĵڣͨᡢϣ̤Ĵڡ
ͨڼӺ׷£ҡҡͷҶʦܣԼ̨ʽƽʵĹޣԣûо԰գҲְ취豲Ķ֣
ҶʦܲǸսλʥѣ
ѵ֧ƽʣ
󣬶һ㵣Ƕ԰ͨĻỳɣΪͨпܣ̤Ĵڡ
ޱ֣
̨֮ϣ
ǧǿ߹ע֮£һ֮󣬷·ʩչ۷ͻȻ䣬һֻϢĴ֣ͻأĴӰĳ
λʥĹƣɱκε񣬵ͽλʥԵֵ
ҶȺȻȭӡ֮У϶ֻﶯۣһץͬһޱ֣豵Ĺ
ͬʽ̺һ̨ͨ߿գͻȻײһ
¡
ըγɴ۹⻪⻪գ۾ʧˣֻҶվڵϣȴѾ
лҶʦ飡
óϷĹȻ󷽷̨
̨֮ϣ߲㣬ǵһμҶȵڳ֣˶ھ̾ʵѾﵽλ۷壬ﵽ߽λʥҶȴȫռϷƣѹ
ڸ߲㣬ΪһõҶţ¶ЦݣҴҶ˰ɣҶȶޱֵաãȻ󲿷ӣѴﵽĵزǲֻ֪ľľ
һĪԱߵФФ֣벻Ҷȶ̶ʱ䣬ɳ˾ˣҺõ֮꣬УѡҶȣ
Ǻǣ˵꣬˭˵ʱҲ˽⣬ʥءʥء̫ʥأʵǿʥأΪܳУֻʣҶȣҲǲѶΪ֮һ򣬵ʱҴϣȷӦʥݵһϢ
ФҶʥص·ˣᵽ㣬ּҶɾͣҲǼ겻ѡ
䣬Ҷ֪ҶȵǱҲ⣬ҪʥأȫҶȰɣ
룬ִ֡
һڸ֣࣬ʱ˰
Ҳ֪ӦʦܣΪҶȣΪʥأ󶼷Լһ⣬ֲЩ꣬ʥصĿǷʵһ룬ʥûҪʲôҲûҪʥأ֮˭ҲǷ˭ֻһŵʦܣͬ㣬ͬʱһУһɳһ棬ν棬ԪǶ̫࣬Ȼ磬дԪϵϹŶǵѾܷḻʥУһͥеӣǵĺӣ
Ҷں֮УҶû뵽˾Ķǣ㿴ж˵оﵽҶĳ̶ȣ˵ҶԾΪӦʦܣ˵ǣӦʦֻĻ֣ҶԼͦߣǰãʱŴҪ̤񣡡
𣿡
˫üһᡣ
Ӧòм٣ֻǾ֮Ԫǿߣ񣬱һ䣬ʧˣһɹһɹ֪ζʲô𣿡
֪һͿȫʮԼٲϢʮԴʥأ뿪ȥѰҴ˵֮е½ѰһƬǳˮ򣬽һһʥص
ҵԸһ죬̤ȻʥǨߣʥԶŵĻԻͣǴҪһﵽһɹʱʥؾһʥأֻԶλ£ΪΣʦܵԭҶȣҾʥصδҶȵϣҲǣ
ʵЩͻȻ
ʥѾûʱˣ㿴ʥڵ״Ȼﵽ߽λϹŶ࣬˭棿ʦϣģֿҶȣ㿴ûУϣӵеƽӵеΣ壡
ܼ
Ҫϸں֮Уܷ֣Ϣʥأֻ֮ѴﵽںϵĵزҶ꣬ͻƵλʥ߶ȣڻƽʣ
Ψֻ֮ƽʵ⾳Ҳֻܲƣ
ʵҵͣʥ䣬ӵһףԸ־Уǻƽ֮Уӵʦү־ʦүֱϵ־ߣܿʵĻƽʣֻһŽλ񷨱ûʲôֻһֻ̺֮ĽҶںϣҲ磬ʲôʵʵİֻʵаˣ
䣬˵ҶȲʥأ
õƽʣʸ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣˹෢ΪͻͽܰˣƽӦǱķˣʴˣҲųȫҶȣΪʥأŷĵӣϣĳɳܸеӴ
벻俼ǵϸ
ʱ
ΪܳΪ䣬ӵػ볤Զ۹⡣
䣡
̨֮ϣһӱ𿪣Ȼɳ̨
˽λʥ񣬶Ҷʦϣ
ʱ䣬Ǿ
ಣ
ʦ̨ˣ
һѩ׳ۣȻǶֻصƵӣ̨֮ϣǰᡣ
Ҷʦܣϰʦ֡ʦ֣ܽʦҲռˣѧޱ֣о裬ѧ֮һԪѧ𣿡
̨Ȼֱӳ֣ңǴ󲿷ӣ޷յѧ֮һԪ

ûʽҲûнӡ
ͻأ֮䣬ҶΧĿռ䣬ʼŤһȼյĻ棬·ڹ
ҶȣһԪֻͨϵĿȼŤ磬µŤȼ磬·ȼһ㣬Ԫ־ϯ
ѧڶԪֻͨԪͨϵĿ¹
Ҳӣŵ̨ϵĸ߲ǣվΪԪһҶƿأܻġ
Ѿ¶ˣõƽʵЦݡ
ŵӣ밲ͨھ۾֮У֪Ҷܲɼֵ
ˡ
ȻһɿµˣΪٲγɵˣƬŤȼյĿռ䣬ΪƬ
Ҳˣú˼


2077 ɷ
Ȼˣ
ΪҶȲԪϣȲѣòˡ
ʱ˿̣һƬž
Ӷѻȸ㵵̨ˣƺ벻ֽ֣Ϊ֮УϾҪ̤Ĵڣѧ֮һԪҶ֮֡
Ҷȣֻһǧ½Ӱˡ
߲Ҳ벻߲֮УҲв٣Ǵӣɹ֮ӣҲ⣬ҶȡЩţΪʥ۷壬ȫ£˶ܳɹ
ҶλʥսʤŽλʥİᣬģҶȾȻӵԽĳǿԽ߽λʥ
Щ֮ӣ԰ҲҶڵ漣
ˣ
᲻ŵҡҡͷĿ룬Щ
԰ţ̫࣬в٣죬ɽһ̫Ը˵׵㣬ֻܽܳɹܽʧܣ·ǵǳɹߣܳΪʧߡ
죬ʧˣ
ͻȻ˵ᣬƽ֮ǿҶȵõʥУдʵ
ⷬӻһһʵ
ڰᣬƺҲΪҶдʵԻƽʣһõǿԼжãʧܵĻɢȥ
ʵ˿ƻŰᣬʵڰҶԲϽϽȲģҶȽΧ
ʦܺͨ
ᵱʩȻԸȻʧܣ⵹ǱһЩСǼΪǵˡ
ţصλٿĿ⣬ҲЩ仯
Ҷʦܣ
ʱһ껺վǳʣеĿ
һŮǵһŮһһЦǷ˿ﶯÿӵĿ⡣
굱շ̨ٻӰǰȫΪֹġ
֮УһӡϺõģֻ꣬ͬգҲҪĹϵ
ʦ㣡Ҷȿӭȥ
󷽷˵ЦݵʦܣȻֶΣʥضٵʦܣĶ֣ʦҲ֪ƽص֮ʦҲմմķɣ
ʦ
˺
ʦ֣ʦ㶼ȥˣ֮ǰΪƽʣҪʦֵõ֪Ҷȵϣ֪ʦ᲻ɹʦ֣ʦʧˣ᲻ȥ
Ӫһͨڴֽ֣ȡʡ
ͨ룬ҡҡͷҵΪᡢ궼࣬Ƕ˶ܳɹȥʲôߣƣƽ˭ҲòҶʦУλҶʦǲ򵥵û桢һӵ˼̨ҪΪԼʥصĵһˣ
һӣ
ӷ׷һ̫СҶȡ
žžž
̨֮ϣͻȻһ⡣
Щֻ£ֻء롢ںϵȵȵϢһӡ깥֮лӳ
һλ̤ĵӣҶ侲ɴ߶ѧ֮һޱ֣һһ޷ռһ˿ˡ
ѧɽԪҶȻѧˣޱ֣ҪȫգףοԪҶѾѧѧᣬһͬʩչʥأûм档
Լ֮ͺЦͣ¹µʩʦܺͨ
˵꣬һصλȻʲô¶ûз
ã
ţźƷơ鷽ȵΪףϵֽкá
Ȼ˼ȴţû˼̨ԣҶȵʵѾǺǿˣλʥ񣬾ӵпվڽӽ߶ȵŵӡ
󲿷ֵӶͨͨҶʾ⣬ų̂˼
ᡢꡢ֮ͨУֻаԵЩԸⰲͨܳȣһΪҲﵽʥ۷壬ʱʱ̶̿ͻҲˡ
꣬ʥڵӣв˲š
ಣ
ڴ֮ʣҲΪ̨֪һӰͻȻ̨
ʦ֣
ӰֳʱеӶˡ
Ϊзĵӣ
ҶԷأǸʮµӣ˸ͷߣݣƵӣȴͷŴﵽʥ۷ơ
ʣ֮Уһز¶ĸ֡
ҶȴҳϢüͷȴ΢΢ΪҶһӵ˫ݣһӣһµӡ
ϹŶǱˣϹŶ֮һأ
һֱվųҵͨˡϼġ֮ĴϹŶ·ͬӪµӣⲻţҪҵĻƽʣ
һ˲׷̨⡣
䣬ʦʲô˼
üͷ΢΢Ȼн
ƽǾŽλ˭Ϊ֮ĶʵӿʼҾͿؼˣǶ֮ģӻƽ֮У̤ķţʿ磬˭ˣԭ⣬ƽʥصһرҲʥ֮Ե֣ȿȥ˵ⷨʵܵõƽʣԵóĬ
ҶͶȥ΢ЦеЦݣʦܣʦֻʦܹУϣʦܲߴͽ̣

ҶҲ
ޱ֣
˭֪һҲֱӴ߶ʥѧ֮һޱ֡
ңĽӡٶȣԼʽӸӣˣΧֻƣ̨ӶҪ
Ѿڶǿʵ
һĻҶҲղ⿴Ȼͬʩչޱ֣ڶԷʱӭȥ
һץڿռĳһֻ͵Ĵ֡
ž
һΣΪۣһͶǿʵҶȲδԷĹ
£Ӷס˱顣
ꡢֲͨĵӣҲʲôѡ˳Ĭ߲Ӫ֮УһЩ֮ӣҲԿʵ
Ȼ޶Եı֣ʵڿҶȣλⳡΣ޷ֵôҲûʸ񣬵õƽʡ

ͻȻΧռȼŤĿռ䡣
ǵڶѧԪ
Ԫ֮ͨϣվ۷Ĳ࣬˭ұԪ񣿡
һЦִ߶ԪûҲãģԱ֮ʩ
Ԫ
֮
Ҷȵ˵棬߿մһΧȼյŤռ䣬ͻȻһɱŤռɣͬˣϯڵķ
ͣ

Ԫ濹⣬Ҷһױȫ޷赲˲ˣһѪ
ã
ˣΪҶȽкãЩ߲㣬ΪҶʾǿʵҲõƽʵǿߡ
ڷ·о˵Ľк޵ĳ䣬ʲôҲû˵뿪̨
ҶһҲûһ̨㹪߲㡣
վи߲Ҳվڷ뼸λϹŶɫÿ޵Ҷȵõƽʣʵ飬ӴˣƽʾҶȵʥ֮ڣκҲóᣡ
һȣ
һ˵꣬ҶͻȻ߳һʱ˲֪򣬾Ҳ֪ҶҪʲô
ո˾ƽʣƺҪʲôŵ


2078 նǿ֮
Ҷȡ
ƺҪ˵ʲôֹ
ƺҶȵӣ´ӲƣϴΣƽʱģΪԼ֧֣أ
Ūôһ̨
Īʲô쳣У֮ӣԼ߲㣬ֱֲӳҶȹͨ
ͷ£ҪҶȾҪʲôҲܺ棬ΪФĪˡЩǿ߿ҶȣҲһ
ʱ˿̣ǧʥǿߣһ֪ҶʲôҪ˵ģΣǻƽ
Ҷȸ߾ŻƽʣȻ󻺻£λʦ֡ʦܣԼĵӢʽеͬţҶȲţˣֵõӦʦ忴УΪµӣнĳɾͣõʥ챦
ʱ˵ʱֳѾû˿ÿ˶˼ҶȾҪ˵ʲô
ҶȼţʥأңԶ½ӵޱǿʥĴڣأȴңԶˮ½֮ϣΪӣʥغˣ֪ʥҪԣ²ҶӵԶʥأΪҲÿһӣԴӽ쿪ʼͬţ˭µ泽ɽһͬʥľİ

˻꣬һˣƧĺ棬ͻȻӭѡ
еΪ˶е𺳡棬޷⡣
еĸ߲㣬˫۶ѩ벻һ½ӣ˻أ˹屦׳ʥÿһӣԴ
Ǻεȵȣ
Ǻεȵػ
Ƕʥغεȵҳϣ
˵ФĪԼЩҶ˽ľͷǷءͨˡϼġ֮ϹŶҲ
ʣЩϹŶ˭õرó˲ģ
ʣһܰԼҪı˽ģóÿС
ûУ
ûУ
Ҷȴ˾٣ֵʷ벻࣬ˣʥصĻرԼףʹʥأþ޴洦
ռ䣬˾̾̾Ϣһλӣһ䣬һ˼֮С
ֻҶȣظŻƽʣǰݣһ𣬴ʥأӦ׼ȷ˵ںֻ֮ҲʵӦŵԡ
д˵ӣҪ
ؾϷعƯţӿտʲôҲûеĽ磬ƺܴֱӼһĻһĻ
ԵŵʱҲ֮Уʥһδ˽Ҷȡ
žžž
˰ʱĽ磬еӿʼվϹƣҶпİҲС
ߣ֮裬ҷĲΪˣƽҵģ
Ψһˣں֮Уûκһӣϵĺܺã֮ǰҶµµӣ
Ҷת񣺡ȫССԸ
ȻȫһʥأģѵȫҶȣ٣Щ
ȻڣҶ˴ӳޣʥأʷһΡ
еӵҶ֪Ͼǳͷ֮ҶһֱӲ֪𣿡
䰲ţ
ȻеӶһͬ޵ûһ˷ԣ߲֮УҲûһ˲ͬ⣬ǷˣҲĬˡ
Ҷ㣬Ѿ޻˵
䣬ӺεºܣջطҶȴܾ
ǺǣҶȣʵμӲԣǻɹȡˣ˵һһɢȥɣ
֣漴߲ӡ翪ʼʧӣУǳ˼֮У뿪˸߿ա
߲Ҳɢȥ٣ȴһҶҲ֮ϸ̨߲Ӫ֮С
Լжʮ߲㣬ҲֻФĪΪ£ءͨˡϼġ֮ϹŶҲڣȻҲԼĸ߲㣬ǸʥصĴڡ
һʥȥ
ټĽ֮С
һƬ޾֣
ͣ
ͻȻһƬжϻ׵ɭ֡
ѪܵӰǱطɳ󷽣ʮ׷ɱǶвĴڣһˣﵽϲ
˲Ǹո̤Ľն죡
ಣ
˲֪ɱԵýƣҪߣ֪ʮǿϲͻȻ͵ס˵ȥ·
²ȻٶʵȲϲ

ͻȻϲ񣬾Ͷն죬һС

ϲ²֣²зӦ򣿿·Ӧܣƣ֮еն죬ҲӦԱߵĽͻȻնǰ
Ȼ֪֮ʣ˫һӣһγɵĽ赲Уϧֱ˺飬Ҳڵʯ䣬нš
һѪڽţָһߵľѪۣΧ⣬ҲҰˡ
ʱˣűˣ²ϣҲеǿߣ뱾ΪУѰ·
ϲȲĳЦԽˣȫӣ
磡
ն򽣣ڽ쵹ʱʱס
ǴĿĵ˺ۣնĶ˺ѣȻӴ䣬ץһ񵤸£磬磡
Լֵܣʲô꣬ұͥԼ칬׷ɱʲô
񵤵ҩ޲ƣһմѪεӣǸѵЦݣ㿴ǼҵĵܣǺεȵĳɾͣĵܵԸΪǰװ׵ģȻҶ벻գܵʹ࣬ʲô
Ҷȵǿ󣬹ȻΪǿļն죬벻Լ
ϲ񻺻֣ʱҲΧҿԷŹǶˣ
Źǣǿɱǲն커ڽǰһ

ϲ벻ն죬뷨ָɱڵģõɱǣֻɱǣٴʬ壬õҺܺ棬ǶˣһǶλ²һλ²ΪɱҸ߽λ²Լвֵܣ
Ҫ֪ܣԶ޷ʵˣ
ն뽣յĻ£ȻԵñ׷ɱǵǿߣҪƶ
ɱ
ϲֻĻ֣ʮвһͬɱˡ
ܰɽ磬δĳһ죬Ҳܰ磡
Ųɣ
ͻȻһۣȻһͬ
콣֮
˫ۻӶȻǿµâη˫ͫǣžʹֻǰľģ˫ͻȻͬһһָȻһâ
âÿռ䶼ڲһ㣬ͬ˺֮٣ʮΧʱʱǧ򣬴۵Ľâ
߼
Χϲ񣬿ɵôģͬر
ݣ
ͣ
âûʮٶ̫죬̫ˣʮ˶ʱˣ뽣âİΧ֮С
ϧԽΪ޷߶콣ĽʽնɱЩԽ̫ǿߡ
ˮ¾Ǭص
ʮ콣Ĺ֮ʱͻȻն춯ˣһž޹Ӷұۡ
ֻɲǼ䣬һ޵ââͻȻ¹㣬ʵǿ⡣


2079 ңԶĿ
ǿⲻǹ⣬âǿ󣬴̵޷ۣȻΪһ׵һ֮ϡ
ңâ֮⣬콣ϣĽԼ߽ʹùѾն뽣
Ϣѵһ
ϲǿߣǿ˫ۣģֻµһ߾ʬ塣
ףЩ£αͽλ²նɱģֻûչն죬Ϊ֪նɱµǰϣǿµ
ӣ
ںǿն죬ƾ콣Լˮ¾һкɱʮв
²նɱв񣬻ʮ֮࣬Ǻεȵ漣
ն첢δ˹ͷδһ£ϲδ֣һɭַȥ
˵Ƿɣ˱ܲ࣬Ϊ²޷ԦͨԼȻԵʡ
ϲ˵ɣķɣԽ²ʮٶȣ
ͣ
һݣϲѾʧԭأնҪɭһ̣һڶǰ
Ӳˡ˵ɱôֵܣֻ˵Ƕصܣλλ²񣬾նɱв񡭡
ϲŹˣɱⲻϷڣ
ֻٴδ߶콣Լˮ¾磬ҵһŽΪۣʵˮ¾Լ콣նɱӦа˳ɰա
˳ɣ
ϧΪۣѱϾ·
ʱԽʼһӿ˵ĽɼϵĽ֮Уڱߡ
һž׵δȸĽҵģͳͳҵģϲɵˣϲ񣬶Է²ζв
ն죬߶Ǽ
һγָ֣һģâֱӴָ
ýӡ
ݣ
ĽâֻһСɱ֮󣬳Ϊһɶ೤ľ轣âӡ
ҵķ｣
ϲͬʱ֣δˣ˫ֽӡ֮һɹĽԼʮһڰգ콣ɱʱЩͻȻƷɶϯȥ

ɽʱײһ
ƽ콣۹ģԼƣϲʩչķ｣֣Ͼϲƶ²˵̫ǿˣȴ⣬Ʋǿ콣Ȼڲ̲ѣֱԷײ
ײΣһһ
λ²ͷŵĽϲ漸ν棿
ʵƯǰϲ񣬾һ亹ʱ˿̣Ӷ˵ĴڣѾƣȫ
һսչ
֪ԼˮжңԶĵط
ľͷ
һ磿
֮һ޴Ĵ½ǧϣΪ˺嫵Ĵ½ңԶ׷Ѱġ½
½ҲʥأѤԶˮ塢壬ֻ½أʿ¡
Ƭ½룬ĳһ޴ĳɫ֮УȻһӴҲ֪˶ٸͷ潨Ⱥʿ֮꣬ͷӿ
Χգһ챮
ĸϵģĽ磬ϵһ
֮ڣĳĵ¿ռ䡣
ӡ֮УȻƯһײģ
ײƺΪˮʣ͸Χ·һ޴ľ
ڹײ֮УȻһʬ塣
˵ʬ壬ȴһһŮӡ
һŮ
ֻʮ꣬ɫĳȹϣ˵Ӻݻ㷢߸һ¥״ķ̣ΧƬ·ŮƤ
ôŮһڼŮǴ硢װ˲ɣһݵ֮
Ů˫֣ȻȻ¸ϣ˫֮УһݹϵĽη
ηͷŹϵĽâŮײģԼΧ¿ռĽ磬Ľһ
ˣ
Űĵ¿ռ֮УˮײģȻʼ΢΢ҡΣΧռ󷨣Ҳ˸һЩâ
Ů¸˫ŵĽηȻزڲͷųһĽϢɽֻ֮Ů˫֣⻬Ƥ²㾭֮УȻĽη
콣ȻȫͬĴڣ
һֱ΢΢Ĳǿңʱ򶼿ָ֪ΪΣ˵Ķ
ಣ
ռУˮײĲԶֳһλۡһװռ֮üͷʱһ壺ˣΪʦ˯Ŀռ䣬ͻȻ쳣
üһ󣬺ȻһʦԪ֮ǰ˯ʱһռжʦһֱȴĶˣ

ʱȻˮײ֮Уһ䡢Ϯ˵Ů
ʦ𣡡
ͨһ˫ϥһ£Ϲһ½һ֮һȻŹײ¹򣬲ݡ
Ź֮ģûһģ˫ͫ˸ʦͽԪΪʦ𡭡
ɣѲǸΪʦոµ꣡
ײһһ£ȻײΧƺۣϴǵ˺
ŮٴͻȻײһ飬һٻӰӱը֮Уֳֽηһ
ʦ𣡡
ӭȥ
ٻӰ֮ǰһˣڹײŮʱȥҲûжϢƵģЩ԰ףڻָѪʱһŮȻŮģ˵һһԵö͸ɱ֮
Ůͣ²һֿۣΧΪʦ˯˼Ԫ
Ԫ
Ԫ
Ů΢΢һָ£ʵԪ⡮ʥ½ˣ
ʦ˯Ԫʥ½δжٴ¼ֻ֮УЩЩʧҲµȡǴҲս𣬺ͽǿԱסʦѪ
ҵѪˣΪʦֻҵٽȴǼĳ֣
ʦ𣬱ﶨȻ˰ɣ
ţǳˣֻΪʦ벻ʥ½֮УһǳңԶĵطΪʦΪҪмʮ꣡
ŮӦһ䣬ֻһȻգۼͳڴ֮ϵУϷĿ΢΢˸½ȻҪмʮ꣬콣Ϣβ΢ĲΪʦľԪ콣ΪԴĸӦʥ½ıԴҲ޷Ӧ
콣󲿷֮һһߵϣһǿͷţʦȻӦ
ΪʦһӣΪǰֻ콣Ϊʦϣ£
׼ʦõ콣
ٶҪ죬ЩӪĸ֣ͳͳߣҪҪνˣΪʦҲǣΪ˵ȴĴ˳֣ｨҵȺ콣ΪʦһݣѾݣһҲͱ˵õ¶ԷҲӦ콣Ϣ
Ͼȥ׼

콣˾ĴڣֻңħħŮȻ¶һ΢ЦЦԼɫȫ޾ɱ¾֮
һɱ¾ͷ


2080 ߵѪ
ʮĳһɭ֮У
䣡
һɽ壬ȻиֱӺ
ણ
ણ
Ĵɽ屻иڰ춯̧ͷգû꣬ȴơ
ƺ꣬ͨ꣬Ѫɫġ
Ѫ
пĴɽͻȻӳ֮У߳Ѫˣһˣֳˮ¾ֲұˣұߵѪˣȫۣԿ׹ǡ
ǽն죡
Ƕ໥ţÿһԵüΪƺʱεѪһνһΣ½¡
ֵܣˣǹ칬ӭһµɽʱ֮Ҳûսʹ죡
϶˺ۣûһطõģ˿ûȥעƣԼʹ࣬һЦݣһԵն졣
նˮ¾ǿ֧ӣҲ̾Ϣȷ𣬵걻뿪ڣڵҷӣһδ׷ɱĳΪ׷ɱһδճɾ֮λ磬Щ꣬ͥ¶ضԿ칬ƱرڻҪЩɣ
ʱ칬˭ǣɽǿߣûһˣ칬ΪУҵЩֵܣһδսһδѪжٵֵٵֵܣڳͷ֮磬ĥǴδڹԣͥɶϣҲߵͻȻ񷣬ǷݾΥЦݣһ
벻ֻϣ˵ķϣ
һֱ͸壬һĵطۿҪһɽϡ
ȻҲһѪˡ
֮ǰǸԸϲ
ʱȻδȽն죬õȥһҲѪȾ죬ֻΪϲָٶȣԼǿӲȣȶ˸ƣ״ն졣
ǿСܵٶȣ׷ȥ
ն˼£Ȼ󾭹һʱɽϣȻ󱳶Ա£һͬ򻺻׷ϲ
ʱİ죬͸²õĹâ
նϣ²񣬲еĴɣǾСеĴơ
Ǻ󷽵ϲҲ޷ȡ
Ȼ²񣬿ɽ磬£˳벻޷ļȻ磬΢ģһţԽǿҼ̵ĵġ
ŵģ硣
áߡ֣õʷ˳֮У
ն̷һ񵤣ٴˮ¾֧ӣҼֵƵĵҩ̵棬ʹ죬ʹ죡
ʱն죬·˸ˣɽİվֳˮ¾쳤Хǰǰ㲻
ӻ֣ͷϣɲҪСˣ
Һˮ¾ԷĹģ
ˮ¾նҡҡλεӭ׷ɱϲ񣬶նƺ֪˵ʲôͫͷŵĿ⣬ǳЦġ
ǵðǻ˲ɣ
ϲǿߣͻȻճ̡
ٶȲٴﵽϲȴҲ޷еն죬ϣһӣһȭʱӾȻھһζ

ˮ¾նǰסԷµȭͷȭͷӵеľն첻Ѫ
ս˫
նأ˫ְסˮ¾еĵ߶ˮ¾һһЩ¹ĵƣȻϲ
žžž
ϲһȭһȭһ¹⵶ϣӲϲʹϲȭͷȣȣѵƾȻ顣
ણ
󷽣֪ʲôʱһɽȻڵѪ
նļţ޲ϳȥ
ն첻ӵˮ¾Ϊˮ¾̫߼ֻںϣֻܻӶӳĲȴ޷ӳͨоһһ˵õֻü򵥵ȣ
ڣˮ¾ܻһֹնĻôãҲˡ
ֵܣϲǿҵԤϣ֮ǰ֪ǾͲȥǡǵ취׽նɱ
һĽٶ̫ˣΪˣҲڰ취
磬ʲôӣκһ˵ɱˣ
ŵն죬æش
ӡ
ͣͣȻ˫֮ͫУһļĿ⣺ֵزѾͨԼʵʤֻ־˭˭ʤͬĵܣͷ֮磬֪п޷ųȥˣ
ˡ
նͻȻ򽣣
ã
ͬˡ
ʱŽ˵꣬ӿ˲ʼܣһУ򽣡
ɱ٣ϲһЦ޲ðѶ˻ԵֵزѾռơ
ٹһᣬܵõˮ¾Լ콣
߶ӣһ͵ƣһȭͷһȭͷֱӺն졣
նҲֻǿӶˮ¾סһȭӡмȭͷ

ۿնһԣʱȭӡеն죬Ѿãٴμأϲ񿴵˻ᣬұһ˦ָͻȻֱĽ棬߶ٶȣʯ䣬ˮ¾·
˵һΪ⣡
նͻȻҧס˫ڣһ⻪Ȼ㣬ֱӭϲķָ档
ͣ
ϲָָ棬¡ҷشնţҰƣ֮У㴩ն塣
ˡ
˿̣ˮ¾նڵâٴαɵƣƻΪһŤĵâͻȻۻأȲסնԼһƹϲӡ
ϲ֣ն˫֣Ѿץסĸ첲
նͻȻ쳤ХһѪֵܣᣡùңһ֮䣡
콣ڶʽҽʽ
ѾնһԶ
նŭһȫһ˸۵Ľâˣ·һƵġ
ٿ
ǵķӰӣͬ裬ն󱳣Ȼ󡭡
ͣ
ӰΪһνâǴնĺ󱳴̹һѪȻһǳɣնš
˵һ
նѾûʶƶνâþ˫ץסϲ
ӣӣ
ϲ벻Ȼն죬ʯٵһС
Ѿˣ
նעνâ֮Уʹñǿޱȵ콣Ӽ̣һ£ʹϲŴ͸
һѪ
ŵŵţ
νâʧ̵ÿռ»ۡ
նϲͬʱ𿪣˺ȻԵ¡
һ壬ʱסն죬Ҳնιһ񵤡
ӣӣӣ
һˡ
֮УϲţŵĴѪķ֮඼Ǳˡ
ҡͷ죬ظһ仰
˫Ŀɵôģƺû뵽Լһϲ񣬻²ϣҲȴԶ벻
ֱ˫һţŤЦݡ
ӣǾǷӣ
ն뽣ٴ£ʱ˭ûеһʱˣ
̾ǻжãܸĵܣ
ǺǣԶܰɣն˵Ѿ˿Ȼֲһ䣺Ҳ죡
Ӧþ죬Ϊǲܰ칬̳ǸúúϢһˣ֪˯һʲôζ
˭֪أ
˾һһ䣬˵ŲĻȻ󱻰𽥾


2081 涾
ʥأ
̨¼֮ʥڲ̸⣬һҶȣһǻƽʡ
Ϊ泽ɽҶȴṩƽʣӲ򣬴˾ٺ䶯ʥأӻع飬ԼһϹŶ
Žλ񷨱
һӶףȻʥµֻؾ衣
䣬泽ɽĵӣﲻȻӣ̫ϵӶûʸ֪ƽʵĴڡ
Ϊ˷ңҶ泽ɽһռ䣬ͬʦ֡ʦڳλʥ۷塣
ڵõô߼֮Ѿﵽλʥ۷壬ͻ߽λʥ
һ죬Ҷȳʥ
Ϊصǳռ䡣
ӰǳռƮֻعâ֮УҶȽ֮޵⼸꣬ķǳãЩӣӻƽ֮У˲ٰ壬мӣҪͻⶼĹͣˣҪ˵˵ͷۣ֮
ͷۣ֮
ҶȻΪ飬δȴǹڳͷ֮ۡ
ʮ꣬Ҫ֮ڣʥ֮УҲѡӣдæ¡
ͷ֮δ֮ǰѾƬԭ֮ϣδʱǵĽ£һƬĵأֻһС֮ʩչͨɽͷ֮ʱѾҲû˵Ƭĵж೤ʱ䣡
һ룬Ȼ֮ƬĵϣôȻȽͷۣ֮ıõʵȻ췣֮ڲƣǴﵽԪʼ߶ȵģһֱ˵һԪʼµһۣȻԶӡ
ȻҲй췣֮۸˵Ե컨׹ʵҲǵһ췣֮żģΪƬĵأǹһƯĵأҲһ죬δ֮ǰɽķߣв٣ĵ֮ϣ˭ܷ񶨣֮У˽췣ۣ֮棬ҲһЩµĹģ
˵ӦҲ˽ˣ˵˵췣֮ڲĴ
һ·ͣص췣֮۷飬ҶһֵۣԪÿһԪдӸѡţͷۣ֮ϧһֱû˽ĽƣҲУǿУҲûа취Ųò췣ۣ֮ţУѰһԵӦʦҲνУȴûеõʲôԵвٽƣΧ籾ǿӦǱƽ⣬ڲĽ磬ǿҲû취ԣǼķ̣ԼıֻţϾ񣬶ΪԪʼ˭õı
治лԵҲգΪ𳨿췣ۣ֮ҲûأΪ췣֮۵ţᱦ˽໥ɱҲûȥܣÿһοٶţ˲٣ʥҲ˲ٵӣ
췣֮۶ĳЩ˵ҲǵõرĻԵ˵ս֮أΪ˵õ֮أϸԪ棬뵱䣬й֣
ϣ㲻Ҫŵõȥμ췣ۣ֮Ǵűøǿߵĸ߶ȥһ췣ۣ֮ûаȥһˣ
仰·ĶصؿҶȡ
ҶԵúƽӦˣģ
οĿ⣬ȻһΪﵽλʥ񣬸͸ףʵﵽεȸ߶ȣ
⡭ҲǺ֮ʥ񣬴ﵽһλ࣡Ҷһ벻ͻȻʵǳϡ
Ǻǣ㵱ģ
¶ˬʵЦݣҶȷӦΧǳռ䣬ͻȻһɿµѹֱӿҶȡ
Ҫҵʵ
ʲộڼȻˣҲ޷رܣ㱬ΪһâӿΧѹ

տʼײȻرˣ̺Ѵﵽ
ȥ֮Ҷȴ߶ֲµƽز
һλ񣬼
֪һЦȻΧͻȻγɵڶѹϵһֱҶȾȥ
ᣡ
λԴﵽ˸ߵĳ̶ȣҶ߶׷ȫ˽ӲӵףҲͷŽƣγһɽѹտʼײͬˣڽ
ˣ
γһƽ״̬
һѹʧռ䵱ָƽʲôûƵġ
ǾŽλʵó֣Ƥܰѹ
Ҷ˿Եǿ
ʵӦôﵽ˸ߵĵزͨҪһӵԽʵͨҲ֮̽ʵΪҪһ񣬰βμ췣֮۵ͬţشɷ
ӶȫԸ
ȥаɣʵβμ췣ۣ֮ǿģӣʵҲһλ񣡡
Ӹǣ
Ū⣬жӾ壬ÿӵİǵԼĺһ㡣
뿪ڲƣƽ
Ҷȣô
Ҫʥ֪ĪĪҴҴк֮󣬱һĶռͨ
ûҶȻӦһ䣬ʲôôæ
ĪʦܣղŵõϢڼλʥӣ涾żʧ
ʥعϵԣӦʥعϵðɣ
ѾʥϣɳӢæȥѰʧȥϵĵӣҲʥʧͬʱҲյһЩʥʧϢǵϸ֪ͬŵӣʱĪȥ涾̸У
ҶҪ߳ʥ䣬ФԼĪĶԻ֮
ΪˣǶҶ˵Ϥλ߲㣬ǵԼ⣬֪Ϊһϰߡ
涾̣
뿪ʥ֮ҶԺ͸˵˻̤涾̣һĻĻԽͣŵĻ档
뿪涾ַʱҶȻʵǿٻȥϾϤ̫࣬޷͵ţʲôܣֵģеǿߵϢνͣ
ˣʯϹ֣Ѫ߶Ի˵ҪץʲôʥǿߣΪƷѵʧʥǱץˣ
͵ػعһںӦȥ涾̿Ҳʵ
Ȼص泽ɽպ뼸λŮӣݷã˵ǰݷãΪƽʶģҶҪȥһˣԾʱæŻƽʣܾ㵣ôҶͻȻԼסƽʡ
껹δʸףѿҶȵӰӡ
Ҷȷɳʥأ
һһ֮ʥأңԶԵһǹڵˮһ࣬һ涾ַڵķλ
֮򵱳Ҷ˸ۣѾ涾ַ꣬ڴǧͼ֮С
һ֮ң
ʱסΣ·һƬ棬γɵĺɽһɽ֮£涾ַڡ
ȻʵȴҲܱ¶ԼΪҶ˽⣬涾ڸӿֲǿߣǵòʧҿɲ췣ۣ֮
߶֮ԼߣȻͷӤֱϢʯںϣʧɽ֮⡣


2082 ܲâ
Ӥӵϵһ֮ͨҶȿٿϵʣԼϴδصɽ磬ͨʱӤ߶⣬ͬͨղܳɹ
ʱҶȿڽӲʯߣȻʯ赲ͬȻԵڡ
֮ɽڲּϤ涾̷ַ
һЩ棬Щʬ壬ȴǶʬĿ´ڣһ£˾ͻᱻʯ
ͨһӦ涾ַ֮ڣûκһѰߣȻڲҶȸܵ΢ĵϢ
ǰ޷Ӧ
ڵѾﵽλʥʵﵽѾͨӦ֪涾̴
ĵϢ涾֮ͨУԼֲϰͷɱǿߣڷ֮УɱѰߵɱӡ
ϢַܿͼصĽ硣
ҶʯϹԼѪߣԻϧϴΣ̫С޷ڣٿߣ֪̽ǰǽڲܡ
ߴ߶֮ҶȾ翿£ܿͷ֣Ȼ֮УҪ̣Ҳﵽ߽λ񣬽ҪԷԼΪʱʱ̿
ģ
ټĽռڣȻ˴ڣЩϤϤʣҶߣҲȫһ
ҪΪԵʣ
˼̣ðȻ룬ʱУǴǧͼںܿʱӳ
ҡҡͷڿȷӦһ̳вǿУʱ޷֪ж٣ԼǺεȵΪ
֪涾̸ʧʥǲǱץ
Ҷѡȴȥܻ˳Ҳֻеȴ
ȥ򻤷棡
һȣǼ¡
˿ַ̣ɱӣǰʱ߶һӡ
ܿ죬ϤʯϹ֣һ֣һץΧһͨɱӽС
£ڲʯϹɭɭʵ
˹µ滤ΪΧץ˲ʥǿߣʥǿߣҪѰЩǿʧԭ򣡡
ʯϹ֣ϴο͸Ϊֻ֪߽λڡ
˶ԻʱҶȴڳûӦʯϹֵΪӦãӦ֮һ
ʯϹֵΪȻﵽ۷壡
ҲǾŽλΪʥκһϹŶǱȼĴڡ
ʯϹǿ󣡡
ȫԽҶϣΪʯϹ־һλλĴڣ벻ﵽӦǵȴڡ
ʵһж޷⣬¾ٶȣҲûƣֻд߶ǧͼֱӴ꣬ܿٶȡ
ʥأǶ꣬涾̴ʱʥؾʮĴߣû뵽Ҳһţ
ʯϹһֱ׽š
Ǹô죿ɱӵȴš
⸽ץʥǿߣҲϻ̳طץʥǿߣУǧ¶ݣʥأʱǻ޷ǣ
ǣ
˳硣
ಣ
ʯϹת֮󣬵ӡֻΧһ֮ͨͨУһռ䣬棬һѪߡ
Ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȲʯϹϣӦ˵ϢִӴʱ֮ͨУѪϣҲо˵Ϣ
ңѪϢҪʯϹҪǿЩˣҶҲ΢΢ӦǶռڲƺǵϢȻӦǿңζӦò
ʯϹѪʩˣʥҲͽˣʱ⸽ץʥǿˣ
ѪϧҶ޷͸ΪΪ֮С
˼һᣬѪߵʥʲôʮ˵Ǵ˵һСӶ㲻ϣȷʵֹܰͷø̳ΪץʥǿߣԽԽã
Ϲֺ֣Ϸ岻һֱƷУΪͻȻǼӿ첽ֱʥǿʵ飿
Ϸʸ֪ǰȥ̳żȻţ˵̳õһ챦챦ܽĴƻǰԲǣ͵ץʥʥʵƷ
챦
ˣâ֮󣬾ҪһƷϷʱԺΪʵ󣡡
ƻǰˣâҲ̲סϼƻ
Ƚ⣬Ҳ򵥣ڼƻǰҲóΪʷˣֻڣһ㣬ָպâ뷨ıϣһֱڴƬ½⣬һͳһâȫƿƬˮ򣡡
ͨһˣѪ΢΢͵
â
֮⣬Ҷһ㵣벻âϹϵ
Ѫ߻˼âкҲһˣΪߵһ
Ȼ䣬˼صʥʥ֮£УһɱΪ࣬ɣǲɱ֣ڿĸ֣
âΪγһȥˣ
ʱʯϹֽӡ֮ͨʧˣҲڲ֮С
ҶȼȴţȻκˣ벻һˣ˵ľ˵ջ
뿪ģ뵽Ȼ֮âͻһڼȴ˵ܷʲô

֮
ͻȻʯϹ߳һʬ塣
ʬȻһʥǿߣҶȸӦһʬ岢ɱӣʥĪʧʥ֮һ
ңҶȾ˵Ĵʬڣ΢ĵϢƺոǿֲȥ
⡭
·ʲôƵģҶһʱ䣬ؿʯϹֿ֣Ǿʬ壺ʯϹֲԵǿߣȻӵеϢʥʬ壬ҲǵʿҲеϢڵĵϢȻǱֲģҲ˵֮УѵʲôǿߣΪֲ
һ˼ͷȻʹҶ֮бĳ̫죬ĳҶȺһδع

ֻʯϹ֣ʬһᣬӿһɶ
ʬ壬һ֮ʬ徹ȻΪһʯˣұʯϹضڷС
㣬вٵʯˣ
ѵʥǿߣΪܲ˵ֲȻ󷴱ʴ
Ʒʧܣ
Ҷһӣ·֪ʥԭ
ΨһԽͣһʿͻȻͱֲĻȻˣʴɥʥ񣬾޷ѹơںϵж
ʯϹ֣ɹӵеǲȷӵеḶ́ҲǱʵģΪԭ
ʯϹֿΧȻֻص֮С
֮Ҷһȷ涾ַķڣȻţ˾˵ܣڸֲ
ֲԭȴö֪ץʥǿߣҲΪ飬飬ʥӦ
Ҫʲôúúõӵе⾿Ϊʲô
ϤôϢҶǺŵģֲãʯϹ˵һ涾̵ܣ֪졣
ڻõ鱨ӵеˡ


2083 ˣа
ڱ죬£һ㣬һ죡
䲻죬һ󣬻ֲϢ紫ҲΪ֮һ𣬿Ԫʼ񶼻
ô˵涾ַ֮УȻʲôӾ˵ܣ
ע˼ϵתţҶȲͣ̾ϢȻӵôܣ׻ʲôܣ
Ӻ棬ȴҲףȻصܣҲ֪ģʯϹԼѪˣҲ֪
ʲôͷ
ֵ£֪涾̣һʱˣڵȴ֮УȻˣҲҪøϢ
У·ֳͬһ⣬Ǿ
ʼԼĩϢ֮󣬷·ע޷⿪Ĺ
ӷĩϣҵ֪÷ĩ½磬ռҲйʣʮ֮УֻһСʥذٷ֮һ
һССɱ֯Լ鱨֯ǣҶȲϽӴŵ֪Ȼһȼڵ֯
أ̫ˣ
һԪ֮ǰͿʼˣɽ磬ռԼʣâǺϵһâ
âεȵĴڣһͳΧޱߵˮ滹ǿĺ۶󶴸ҪһѪսпܵõ
ȴ˴ֻ˵ˣ̫ˡ
뵽һ㣬ҶȷҲãҪȿȥӵǿ
֮񣬶̤֪ãҲΪﵽܸߵĵز񣬾ͿâͳƵˮĵϣâγɶ֮ƣ֤
ʱǺ棬Ǿػ࣬ҪΪū
ˣĵΪֲ
Ȼ뵽һ㣬涾ż֮УڵĵԴ
ĩ½磬ŲռĪǣеĵԷĩ󣬴½ռģ
ҲĽ͡
ΪӵеǲΪ棬ΪԶŴսҲս̫ͬħزڤ׵ˣزǰ㣬ǿߣɱ֮У䣬µķԱõ
ʴˣ֮УżȻӵеҲ̫ףϾ֮УжٵʿҲжٵʣܻںϵ
һ㣬ȴ޷Ϊξе
Уؼһ㣬ǶԵļԦԼƿأ޷Ԧ޷ƿأֺΪֲܼԦǴﵽ˳̶ȵģ
Īǡż֮Уеǿߵĳ֣ͬڹͥǿĵߣ
һҶͫ¶޷ŵĹ
֮ǰûлϤôܣ޷뵽Щ뵽ˣִ𺳣Լơ
ҶԵϤΪֲģֻԭһеǿߣֱӳ֣һĵ
óĽۣʵҶԼҲϣڵϢֻ㣬ԽһС
ǺǣҪˣ
һȣ꣡
ȻڲӰʯϹԼǿѪߡ
˴һӡȻӽ֮ڣ߳һɱ֣ɱֵΪȻҲﵽһλ
ȥӦâʹߣѪɱ
ɱľطɳ硣
涾ַ֮Уٵǿߣ
æϢ벻ڲ߳ɱ֣һһλ񣬸о˵Ѿǡ

ФĪֳϣԪ޷ͻƣ޾ˣҲ޷ͻƣӦæҲ޷Ϊ
ʥؿвٵӣ̤ģж٣֮Уһ㲻ˣᡢꡢֳͨţ֮УҲֻһˣܳɹ̤
ңɼǶ˵ȴ־
ˡ
˼죬ȴеҶȣһֱϢ޷⶯һ£ΪʯϹԼѪƤ¡
Ժ֮УȻһ΢Ļ龻֡
ôˣƺʲôϤϢҪ֣
ҶȼæӦϧ龻ֺܿʧˡ
Ϣ
ɲǼ䣬һԵɱ£ʮǿĺϢ硣
˼ҶҷǰһʱҶȾ°Ͷϲϣֲû龻ֻиӦȻа
ԣ䣬նɱа󶴸ĳǿߡ
ҶЦˣаȻ㣬ϧҵʵȻ㣬ο԰˳ɱˣ
һ󷽺һʮÿһʥ񣬳֮⣬а󷽣ͽλ
ಣ
֮С
а򣡡
аʯϹԼѪߣĵһڵϢûеˮǹɲмԼԸ
û⣬ǽȥѪɱ֣ʮڲ֮С
аͻȻں֮ģĪǡĪǾΪˣҪ涾̣
аҶ뵽ں֮ľһĻĻȻƺ뵽аʱͻȻں֮ĵԭ
ҲΪʮ·֮ģ
涾żԼļƻڰнţһҲżȻ
аʩ֪ʲôģȴЩֵܣһصˮȥ
ȵһ£ҵϷ壡
Ѫӡ
֮󣬾аȭϷѾâĸ߲йӴ־ȶԻˮ򣬻ȥ֮׵ģ
Ȼˣ¾Ͳˣ
ԸԦ֮ϵаȻѪǰֵñ
ǶѪ߿ǶԱ
аܿ뿪˽硣
аŰɣ˶ãҶȻٴλصˮ򣬵ʱɱʣҪ㣬ɱ󶴸
Ҷȿɲھ׷ȥаȥڵʵаѾûо޴вӮԴ߶ǧͼﲻˮ򣬶½ء
ʯϹЦˣ벻ǿߣҲ࣬˿ֺģ
âһƬˮĺжˮжңԶһâֻǺһСˣڸˮĺ塢壬̫ǿˣȼ磡
ѪҲΪ֮һЦЦâǰʲô֪һ㣬˵ĿҲǵõһͳһˮΪЩȻţ
˼䣬˾»ص硣
ǿ󣬻â
Ҷȱ룬ڶ뿪뿪ΪѪһɵõһ
ʶ֮УһСͨ˽⡢Ӵ֮ѿκδ֪âҶΪâһǿ
Ѫȴ˵Ҫǿâ
Ǻεȵĸ
δâʹˣâǿ󣬸ûɣֻڲȻǿâ
Ψһͣ
һҶץסᣬɳżһᣬͶһݵδ֪ա


2084 ͻ߽λʥ
뿪涾ַҶȱ߶ӤϢԽɽ㣬ܿ棬ȻӽƲ
ʱ֮ҶȳһƬ׳ɽϿա
طͻƲ
ûеһʱʥأԭҪ硣
һУںϣͻƣص磬־УɸΪѴﵽλʥ۷塣
ɽ룬һ֮󣬱ٻܷػɽΧõū뿪䣬ǸȥΧУҲöʮλϽķߣӦ
Ԫ治ѣʥˣΪ꣬ͻƵ߽λʥ񣬶ǿʥƽʣ֪һУǿԼͨ¡
ȻӵһͬһķҲҶȵ
̤췣ۣ֮պһ磬һҵʵӦҲλĽλ֮ɣ
ʵʥأʮǿеľͷͬžͷࡣ
췣֮Ҳܺ棬صĹżҲϣʲôõõıȵȡ
ɣѴﵽһֿտ״ͨҲͬ˫ֽӡ֮ȫԪʼӿս𵤲ᡣ
Դͻʥ֮Ӥ仯̫ˣӡٶȣԽĴ죬ɹԼ֮ӤϢӺ嫣ҪѰʣµֱӵİ취ʮ֮Ѱң޵ĴڣȻ
۲״Ҷʮ⣬Ӥﵽʥ񾳽֮ҶԴٶȼӿ죬ӤӡٶҲȥӤԽԽ
ҲڿʼҵӤ仯Ӿˡ
֮֮ǰҶδѰҪΪӤ޷ҽӡӡҲʮǿٶ̫ڣӤٶѾﵽԶĵزʱҲó졣
ʣҶкü֣ͨᡢ˵
ûһ֣Լʡ
ߣճɹôҶȽӵԼʣ
֮Ԫ󲻶ϵȼգΪһɴСҶȿʼӿٶȽӡӡһԪ֮С
ᣡ
գӡĿâ˫һϣҶȴһԪͻȻһ𣬾תɲǼ䣬ͻΪһŽӲӵԴ
߿Դ
ž飬Դݿ֮ƣӹ⿪ʼըҶȵľʼȺ졣
ͬʱʼµõĸ߼ӡ֮һʱ䣬ӭĸ߼񵤸γɡ
֮󣬲սӭ飬ͷŷ֮ʮ١ԼѪٶȾ˵ļӿ졣
ﵽһ̶֮Ҷȱ֮С
ʼ̫УҪһ顣
䣬ҶȾͲõʱ⡣
ǧУһһϣȻٿʼںϽ֮Уγһ޴Ȼѭ״̬һһͨںϣ׷ںϣ
ʮ١
ȻеֶͨΣҲһ顣
Դͨϴμ̫ʼʩչֻͨǸҺܴҲӦֻľҲ룬ǰֻľںҵֻߣԼҲ֮УϾֻľҲֻֻ֮Уһˣ
ͨᵽʱҶͻȻµ뷨Ǵһţֻصͨ
ֻߣͨӦףֻľѧҲˣ˵ʵڵģѧǷǷֻͨϧֻֻľݱ
ֻľҲֻ֮֮УһˣҪ޳ֻأһֱֻľ·ȥҪҵԼ·Ҷʼӷ磬̫ΪеΪ
ɺҵԼĵǲִǰ㾪׵ͨ
λصɽ磬̫ʼһսҶǼʶ̫ʼΪֻߣչֵ
ֻأʵҵĲֻ̺֮УҲϢͬɰٴٴϪ۶ɣǴϪյĵǴͬСģ
ֻľϼ¼ֻأҪǽȻȡȻһӦãȡͨУȻֻ֮أӦãͬɽԪޱѧʴֻľֻ֮УһƫӦô߷
֪̫ʼֻ֮УٵķţֻߣŹϵĴ˵֮УֻտԵֻֻ֮أƿĵԼˣô̫ʼǱǿ£ֲ˴ϴŻֻ񼣣ֱΪ̫ʼ׼ģ
Ҷȶֻ֮˽⣬ֻһŲĴĴ֮УĴڣ뵽ֻصĿ£͵Ļ̫ʼδǱ
򣬽ֻͨҵԴΪҵĲΪʺҵͨ
侲ҶȿʼԼĴ򣬻֮䣬ʼζ·ռǴ˫ĺ

ɰٴ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȼ˫㣬ڰڵζһ뵽˲٣һʱûоͷ
һΣ˼ǧ꣡
ҸԼƣߣռҵƣֻͨԿռΪҪԹΪôֻͨԷΪ
˴ų֮ʼͨǵ硣
һ̫ͨȻԿռΪķԿռΪ
ÿռ䣬ÿռ仯ǿй
ˣǧͼұں֮󣬵˵Ĺҵʱҿ԰תƽǧͼ֮УҲһָķÿռ䣬ѵ˵Ĺתڿռ֮Уطķ
ʼ߶ǧͼಢǿ޽ʼԼ
ʱ߶ǧͼںϣγɷѪ״̬
ݣ
һ޽Ҷȵ壬ȻûдֱӴ壬ȻͲˣ޷ʧġ
Ϊ޽תƽ˴ǧͼ֮С
ԭҶȿ緢ӱƣǿУʵΪǧͼǰǿתƽǧͼǴǧͼҲͻˡ
ߣںϿռ䣡
ĥ֮ͻȻվһ뿪˾䡣
Ȼ֮УȻͷߣΧ׿ռ䣬ںϣ·Լ
ʱһܷΧһС
зߣƵĿռ֮ҶѾߣƿռеȻԼ뷨߶ֻﶯ䣬ͬʱߣоһռ
У治ˡ

ҶֻӶұۣпƿصֻֻͨոʧУִӰ࣬ͻȻ֡
оҶΧʧһȦֻˣҶȿָֻͨһɽ壬׼ȷɽ塣
ƣ޷ƿءֻͨ
ɹˣǽ֮ϵֻͨ߿ƿռ֮ȻֻΪͨذѶԷתƣֱӻΪûߣͨ


2085 ľˮ
ʵͨҪΪ
ԣҲֻҶȿʩչŲǿռ䣬Ҳֻص֮ͨռֻؽ֮󣬴ﵽתʣҲתơ
ﵽʱ˲䣬߶ͨһתƣһǳ棬Ͷôڴ
˵Ƿȴ԰ѶԷֻͨͨӿԻΪͨ࣬ǹϵͨ
֮Уһ˵һӣܾͨһգ͹ˡ
ʵʿϣҲõģ̫ͨ࣬мΪ֡ͨģ㹻ˡ
˴򣬼ֻͨһƿأԵʱѿӦԡ
ȻҶмʣԼͨ˭֪նٵֶͨΡ
ͨͽС
С
Ҷȷǳ⣬ֻͨռϣγһ֣԰κʶڿռ֮һ
СķҶͨӴˣԼڰĴУԽԽԶ
ΪҪԼĵΪСԲɵġ
ֻص֮УСҪͨϵص졣
գǼȥСҶƿأűȫ磬׷״ﵽ߽λʥ߶ȡ
һн֮Ҷȱʮ֮УѰ
ӤѿʼɹԼľϵʮľϵͬԴʮУԶУֻԼʮ
ʮ޷ӤеģҪʮѰҵľˮ
⿪ӡԪںϣɲǼ䣬ͬϵӿֳ
ҶڵΪ񵱳Ķ췢Σڿƽеġ
ϵѰңһҶǰݵɰٴʲôУԼѰǧ֮ҶȾͷһˮϵ
̫һŴﵽ񼶱ˮϵ
ǴˮϵʼУԪγˮ״̬ͨԪ壬ʵ̬Ĳͬ
ֿʼѰңʱδϸϸо̫
Լҵ֮ʱҶȷһľϵ
ԪҲһ
̫ͬ֮ҪȻ֮Уľϵ֮УȡԪγԴſʼԪ޳֮ڵԪɫ̺ʢϢ
Ѿҵʣ¾ǽϵ
֮УϵѰҵġ
ʮ֮УҶȳ˰꣬Ѿұ˰Īޣûռϵ
ʧ֮ʣҪұʮһЩ֮УҶڷһŽϵ
ͬҲ֣ʮһЩ˶ԪʼԼԼ֮࣬ʵǺš
ʵÿһпܣʱڣͨУﵽߵ״ֻ̬ǲģ粻Ѫ塣
ģΪУÿһǲ˼Ĵڡ
Ҷעڽϵ֮ϡ

һŴﵽǵͽλ
Ѱɣ̫ԪԼ
뿪־ռ䣬Ԫ壬Ҷȿʼϸоžͨ
Ⱦˮϵ̫
ˮϵһϣΪУΪˮŵͣľͷ̫ˮϵʼУΪһЩˮϵȻˮϵʼС
ˮϵҲڶ֮УУҲˮϵڵˮϵͿԴﵽľ磬νǳظʮһ԰Ѹںϡ
ľϵԪˮϵԪ°빦
Ϊˮľϵ飬ˮľݵ
ԪǼΪ·߻һһߣȻľϵںϣտԴӸľϵ֮Уȡǽľϵ֮ϣֱͨգľϵ
ӵһ
ϸϸĶģҶȷԶʱڣһΪй
ڽڲ֮УӴ֮УľͨͨУΪﵽ˽ļ¡
ϧҲˣҲռ
ϸϸܳʱ֮ҶҲ˻˽⡣
һŽϵ֮ϣﵽߵزԴڲļ̽ϵΪҪ֪ĽϷʱգʣȻҲΪ̵ġ
񲻵ˣȻһŵͽλ
ҪΪͨΪ˵ǰڲʵļ̶̳ȣգ廯Ϊڲļ񾧡
һܴﵽ̶ּ̳ȣӲȻ˷ʣ̵
֮ڵԪΪһƾڣԪɵĲ֮ƤѪΪ壬Ҳﵽδйļ״̬
񣬴ͨУȻǸʱڣվ۷ǿ֮һϧǿߣҲ䡭
һҶȱ㿪ʼϸϸں
ȥҶҲһЩŵԪ̫Լɹе໥ų⣬е໥գʮ
зҶȵõĴУѾᳵ·ɹҲɽ翪ʼУҲϤĺܣϻʮٵҶȾˮϵʼУҲ̫
ΪӤ޷ֱӦҶȾҪΪߣȰһ飬ȻֲӤڣΪԴˣӤͿͨҶֲµıԴԼԴС
ϽӡʮΪԴϴߣҶȺܿһ̫ķӡٶԽԽ죬Χ˲ٵɫͬˮưϢִռ֮УҵһЩˮϵںڡ
ˣϢԽԽճΪһЩˮԪҶȲգЩˮԪ𽥽ӤڣӤоˮԪ㿪ʼֱںϡ
ں֮ҶֿʼԪҶȶ˵Ӽ򵥣ΪıԴʮ٣ΪľϵĹҶԪ̫ס
֮ͰɫľϵԪӤڡ
Ҫʼ֮ʱΪΪϵϵҲݵһ档
֮ͨһ⣬𽥴״̬ͷžӨԪӦþĳ̬
Ҳǳɹ
ͣУžӨԪ𽥱쳣̣𽥻Ϊ״̬ɳҪϸ΢򱶡
𽥵ģЩɳϸ΢𽥵ϣΪһִŽľӨԪʥ񾳽״̬ڵ
ҶȾͰҲӤڣͬʱҲӡ׷ֲӤʶ֮С


2086 
ںϣӤڿʼУ
ϷԼɹʱӤı仯Ҷޱȣ֪ΪӤ
ӤͬԴɳٶڳɲͬͬӤʱٴصɽ磬ʮͿ
ӤԴ֮УѾںϣγһ֣ľˮУ໥ںϵĿһǿտֻֻ࣬Ҳͨںϣγɵľ
СɣӤȥҲٵʲôҪռıԴں֮ĵõͨԴһɶǸ߼ԴҲһ֮࡭
ΪӤٶȣԼṩҶһҪıԴ
ϴλعɽ磬ִɽع磬̫ıԴ
뿪䣬صɽգָһ㣬ͻ߽λʥ񣬵Ѿȥʮꡣ
ͷֻۣ֮ʮ꣡
ٻܷȻһʥڵա
ҪعʱȻ䣬ڣʲô
óһһ
Ͻʱ򡭡
߶򣬿ʲô飬һӦȡϵ޷ϵҷ֣ӵе𽥷ӡϢ
һҶȾ޷໥ϵ
ǴԼ£
룬ͨ壬һͨعʥأһȪ̻ᣬȥԴ
ǸҪñԴѲȥðգԼ취ͨʯˡ
ڱȥ
ϷӦжٷǿߣڴֻʮˣ󲿷˶ȥˡ
ǡֶ뽣նһǳ֮ϢɲǼ䣬ҶȾͷֽն죬˺صƣڻָ֮С
ֶ۸Ӧһۡ
ֶԺУȴҶȣҶƿնʱѽնľҶȴ˵һ顣
ԭ״̬ҽն죬δ֪ͨҶȣֻԼʵȥ
ֶ̾Ƕʱպϵ֪ںδðǶ˴ʱһֻʣһ
һ֮Ҷ֪ն죬ûΣգҲ̫ġ
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻֶۣʦ㵥ʱǧȥӦʦԼϢΪ޷ӦȴԵһʱӦ㣬ûҲûаգܰնɱ
ס
ֶһ˼ȥѰξԼࡣ
Ϊҵ࣬ᱩ¶ԼϢ
һ¶˭֪ҲΪԳ֣Ͻʮߣͳͳնɱ󻼣ǰ˶ץߣһһΪǿߡ
̫֮ˡ
ˣȥ⣿ǰһ̣ӡҶȻ˸⣬ڴϡ
붷һͬȥڴڣֶҡҡͷҲ֪˾䡣
ҪΪҶȲδǿȥԼǣЩҲãҶڵǿʵѹǡ
ʦ㶢λ磡
̣Ҷȱʧڸۡ
ϿգҶȵϷڵΪܸӦϢô߶龻֡
ͬʱصʥصͨ壬ҲʥĿǰ֪Ҷȣμ췣֮۵ʮѾȫȷ֮󣬛˵ϹŶҪ˳
֪֮ҶơȡϵҲ⣬׷ͨʥڱΪߡ
֮⣬һСĳеһʱϢ֮
ʧ
ҶӦڣ˲ϢһҾ¥֮ϣӦ죬һˣ֮С
ǰ
Ҷò⺰һ䡣
֨
ŴڲֻѪɫĶ죬¶ЦݣҶȽ뷿䣬ҶȵĵеЩ⡣
֪ҶȽȣҲǵ꣬ɽǸΪҶ֮ϵϹŶ
ҶֱʵʲôˣŪģҲ˰ɣ
ģһǰҪϢһʱ䣬ٻȥѰһ֪һ̻ᣬдɽõһϷ򣬴ûдӦǶҲûһ£֪ǰһߣžܵȷֿ룬벻εҡҡͷ
սĴߡ
ӵս侪׵ͨȻҲˣͬ顣
ǺεȵΣ
սҶȻ֪Զʱλ²񣬿Աвʵˡ
ҶȲδϸȥϾ컹ǶǷ𣺡ȥ̻ᣡ
Ҳû˵ʲô׼һҶ뿪¥
룬һΪ̻ᣬǳ̻ᡣ
̻֮⣬ҶȾ֪̻ᣬɳɱԽĲݹ
Ҷϸ룬ڶʮ̻ᣬһ˽⣬Ȼҵ˹̻Ľܡ
˵̻ҲǶ̻ᣬģֻʥ̻ᣬģҶҲ޷˽⵽
˻ˣ
ͻȻ̻ſڣʮˣ˶죬һһһ¶ɷģ
Ҷ붷ûжһ¡
ֻһʮ󣬴̻ӿвϲ񣬸߲ĴڣиߣǸ߽λ߲
˵߲Ҳ˵²񣬾вҲǶԼܶԸģǼǷߣҲ޷²նɱв
͵˱̻ıһɱ
Ҷ붷ǰ˵ʲô̻ĸ֣֪Ƕ֣ǶԿ
Щ˿ֹɹһɱԽĹֱӵԩˣ͵ݣնɱˡ
̻ڶ̻࣬ᣬ֮еı̻Ǹ̻ᣬ͵Ĺ
ͻȻվλױģαشɱɱ˺
ס֣
ΪߵߣʵĬƬ̣һЦݣλһۣ
˴󷽷̻ᣬΧ֣һ
̻һ㣬߾ˣеĿˡ
ܿ죬̻ͱѻȸҶ붷һҲ£ۺ֮ǰȷǷһЩᣬ֪λʲô
λأҶȵʵ
ǺǣܺãܺãǶԴѣģǻ˵ɣƺҶȷϻ

Ҷȷһʲô
һŭǲñ˵ģ
ҶͻȻˣñóͻᱻڰɣҲǷϻҵ˵ǲ
Բѣϣ̻㲼ʮҲܵģʶôļһɱ߹ȻָɭɭıɫӶ۰Χи֣ɱȥ
ˣ
ֻǣǸոնһ£̻ᣬȻ·𱻱Ƶģһжֹ
ÿһ̻֣ľͷˣһеոնеɱͷţߣոն豭΢΢ſڣȴһ


2087 
ˣҶ⣬ˣԼ̻ڲһʣȻֹͣ
·䣬Զһֹͣ
ҶһߣԷɶŲ豭죬ֻ˾֮ɫҶ΢΢ЦϸҸ߲㣬ҵͻ
˵꣬ʮ̻֣׷ѪˣҴʱһжָֻҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬻صԱ£Ƶ΢Цš
ŵһֱûл֪ʲôˣˣʮ֮ŵĨĨͷϵ麹óһƣҶȵ濪ʼ߶
ĸ֣ˣҲ⶯һ£ΪףҶҪɱǣˡ
ֳһֱάţ˭Ҳöһ£ΨҶ붷Եʮա
ֻǰӣ
ಣ
һӴ˷ǿߣڣֵϣʿϡ
ˣʲôˣ
֮УַˣЩΪһˣ󲿷ֶǸ߲Ϊϲռһ񣬾Ȼ
һ긾ŮԼһ׷ߣǴٸ֣Χٸֻϡ
긾ŮһЩǸ߲ʵĴڣһԵߣӦҲһ
һˣǻ£ߴôϷѷɣ
׷߸˫֣ҴŲмЦݡ
̻ϿգΧѱְΧ̻ǰͷŸӦ
˶¶ɻߵˣϷλΪȻֻܸܵһˣǶλ²񣬶һ˵ΪϢ޵ĺܣ
Ҳ޷ӦϢ桭
긾ŮҲһʱо⣬Ǳ̻ᣬѵһˣ
߳Ŵſտյ̻ȵٷˣȻ̸ʲô£ǿԺú̸̸
ûдҵѣҶȼΪն̻ᴫ
߰׵ǵˣռǵķֻᣬȷˣ뿪̻ᣬҲ˽㣡
֮ҶһЦðҪ˵Ļǽɣ
Ϸȥ
һӣ긾ŮʮΪﵽ߽λ߲ǿߣֱ̻ᡣ
ʮ˽ɲǣʮ˷׷׹վñֱ֮ǰߣǼֵҲҶһ¡
Ҷ붷죬ȻȻϣӽʮ֡
߲ȻŭôҲһ緲֮УѾͬһĴڣʵǽˣл˵ɣ

ҶȺȻʮˣ֮ͬǰһ㣬ʮ˴ľƵģƾշҶҲ֮࣬Уһͷûﶯ֡
ҿԼ긾ŮǼ̻߲㴫ҵϴأ
֮ǰɱڵԼ긾ŮҲˣ֣ΪȻ˿ĻᶼûУһ¶ܡ
˼æץסᣬ߶
֮ѹסߣ֮ǰǰˣµҪʲô̻ΪУɲѡѵҪʯٲɣ
ҶɫˣûΧһУԴڵĿô֮ǰʯ٣õǵز̻ᣬʮֻǶ̻ᣬУһ̻ʲô
㡭
߶ʱƿԣ˵ѾˣΪٴΧһ
Σֻǹ˰ʱ
ҶȺȻҡҡͷ򶷻죺߽λһʮ񣬻û˼ҵĻ
ȷûꣿ
֪Ҷȵʵܴصɽ磬ִɽص磬ʵͳԽʥ
ԼҲɽİһսĴߣ־棿
˷ˣ
һΣԷһ㶼ҲûˣֶĻֱӣҪɱҶ붷졣
ҶǾ仰˿ԣ̸
ڳ⣬Ѿǧ̻ǿߣ̻ǰվʮǿߣмˣǸ߽λ񣬾ʥ֮УҲˡ
ߣҴҷֻ᣿ǵ
һ߽λ쳣ŭ붼û룬ˣһʮˣ۷̻ᡣ
ɼһŸ֣ʵʵվţ޷һ£ּҶ붷յؿʮ˾Ȼֱӱŷɱ

һĽλͻȻһץڴһʯ䣬ѾѸײڶ֮ƣɱҶǰ
ֻǣָҶȻһʱͱշе״̬һͣ
֣
˶׷˺£γ񣬽һǸոɱҶǰҲ޷
йթȳ룡
ֺɱ̻ļ߽λ񣬴ʱȴɫּɵؿʼ롣
ȻˣΪҪߣҲɣ
ҶȵһЦûʲôֻһ£գ۾Ҷ࣬޷һ£һͫ˾֮ɫ
УΪﵽ߽λߵᣬ̻߲㱨ţڼ䣬޷ɣǾͱˣ
ಣ
ͻȻָɣ͵شһŵüæʼӡ߷ȥ
ӦǴΧ̻ĸ˰ɣҶȲżߣʵ
ǣǣǶΧ̻ĸˣһʮҷֺţߴҳȥ
̻ʲô·
̻ɴ壬ʮһļ벻ֲĹϵ
ܺã
Ҷȵͷ߱޷ٶһ¡
һһ˼ˣ̻СඣΣӦòҶʧ˰ɣ
һȣһʱڼ˲ǿߣΧ򣬲ˣȻ󼸹ǿϢҲ֮ͷƣϯ
˼β˼һʥʸ˵
΢ЦȻ֮⣬Ϣһ
һʥΪﵽ˶λ߽λȷһɲ
˵ˣѴȻûдȶԷڣҶ˵
ಣ
Ӱ֮ڣһ۵ӣùִޣΪʥ񼶱ǿߣ
һ۾ҶϣŭɫͻȻΪһƺ֪ҶȲ򵥣飬ʲô£ǿ̸
Ҷƽ˵Ŀģҵѣ̻ᣬûаҵѴҵĴҲûдҵңҪѣˣ
Ҫˣʱǲ㣬Ϊͣ㲻ģ£ȥһˣ
ߣ㼿ȻҪף
찵Ҷ˵
£һңʲôͣˣֶΣҶܲµһҲãȥһ浣ĴֱȥҲã
Ҷȿ˶һƽȻ飺ãǾȥʶʶң
ʹˣ룡
鵱Ȼи֣ΪҶȡ쿪뿪̻֮ǧ˿ʼͬʵ۳ƵģγܵıΡ
ʵڷֹҶ붷ˣѡ
֪ҶȻõţˣУӿʼڣһֱûɱˣǰʹɱ䣬ɱ


2088 
Ͼץ˴ȣҴ붷죬δ̻ᣬ֮ǣҪıȡ˱ҪɱԽ
ҶԸ񣬱˵ǧˣͻҷ𣬲Ѿֱɱ֮С
Ҷ£ҲóˣɱˣȻɱȴûѡ֮£δһҲ붯ɱС
ǧ̻ǿߣͬݻ㣬ΪҶ붷쿪𽥷ٶҲڲϼӿ졣
·ҪԳҶȵΪ㰵߸ּӿٶȣΪҶȻϹ֪Ҷȸûǣе붷죬ϲٶȻš
˻Ѳ¾ڣ
ԣ鷢ҶζϵǸʥݣҪ˱ܶˡ
˿̣Զĳһɭ֮С
ৣ
Ȼ䣬ɭڷɳƻƷǿߣԼнǧˣЩΪڸ߲֮䡣
ʥȻҲУ
ңʥʮˡ
ʮʥˣҲˣͬҲˡ
еˣԵ緢â¶ҲɭޱȣֻˣԵƽ
˿Χһʥǿߣռ鴫Ϣ˼пܣҲһʥĿǰ֪ΪжĪ⣬ܴ⣡
һλϣΪһĪĴһ²񣬾˴£ңж꣬ûʦڣ
Ƕʲô
Ҳһͷˮµ򣬾Ϊ̻ץһ²񣬽˶ѣȴҶߵһȣشͨ˵ƷʱҪߣ֪ʩչʲôֶΣȻѧҵķӡЩ͸ߣˣϻӵһϵĸ߽λʥֵƣңȥ׸ʥأԺжԼʥأ
ԭ
ûѧҵͻʩչǵķӡ
̫ˣ
Щʲôǿ֪һλ²ʵﵽΣ
ǵķֻᣬΪץ˲в񣡡
Ͷˣλ²񣬵ʵȻﵽв񣬻նɱвһж֤ϣдܣ̲شֻͨһ壬ȴﲻ⣬ܵõܣʵ

ʮʥǿߣߵ̲صش壬ԼҵӰ죬һھ̾
ˣΪҷҪϧһʥ񣬶Ҫõһ²
ʱ֮󣬴һƬϿȵشһ֣ǧ˻ΪĶӣֱǱһϿҷֱʥΪ䣬ڰ
żǿʥˣһϿ֮У˶һ²ǰ㾪˵ǶԼֵʥ򲻿ɴ⣬ܻ׽һҪסˣʵڲУɱҲɱˣ
ҴһԪѵһʥ񣿼棬Ĵڣ˵һʥ񣬾һٸʥʲô
˶ںĿǰʵԸһʥҲ㹻ˡ
Ҫһ㣬ߣԵúܽٴ˹ͨһžһϢ
ԼĪһʱ֪ʧ
Ͽ֮գҶȡ̻ǿߡ
ҶһƳϿȣЦȻģ˵ʲôҪɱ֣ҵмֲܿļֵ
ʮʥԼǧ֣׷ϿķҶȲδͷŸӦֻǵһɨ˿һĿǰʵҲΪ棬ǰҪͷŸӦ¡
飬һδ𣿡ʲô֪Ҷȷһ䡣
¶ƤЦⲻЦģˣˣƬϿȵشиʱҲ͵ˣ
˵꣬ҶȡϿȵش
ϿȵòȷССϿȣ֪ж٣ףеֲïϢͷš
ʮ֮Ͱ˴Ͽ֮С
ҶȲͻȻһ֣Χǧ֣ͻȻͣҲһɭɭЦ
Ҷ붷ȻתķҶȲЦΪβˣ
ȥ鷴һ·ʲô֪
ǲ֪б˭
ȻȥңȻװҶҲװȥ
ҡҡͷмҲȥˣҪȥңǺǣǿԣֻҪֿʵߣ
ԭͼƻǣ
ͦز¶ӣôͷһʮĴ¿ݺ꣬δˣܰɣ
˵֮һ˦ֱۣͻȻӰ˷Ͽһ߲񣬾ȻнǧˣγһİΧȦ
һһʥڸ߿ð㣬ƿϿȴ֡
飬ĺܺã
ʱߴżʥ񣬷
Ҷ붷죬ûκζݣҪˣαﲻһҾôʮʥҶȶó֣һһնɱ
Щ˶ǵͽλʥֻˣﵽ߽λʥߣΪﵽ˰˽λ
֮ڰͣ²һʱ䣬ǴҶȵΪҺֱӣҪҶȵ͡
ʮϢȥûпʲôҲ˿ûмɵ˽λʥʵݺʮûаġ
ҲţҶȻǴͨߡ
Ҫҳ֣ԼԸǺֱв
Ϊζ˻ǰҵѴһһǲҵѣ
ҶȲ˵ƽģȫûаΧ壬壺ǻˣ˱ɼûҪɣߣҺôҲʮĴ壬˲ݣ
ǶԣֻгɹΪһ㣬ʲôö֮Ӧ
ң޻˵ӿʼҶܿãһƣߣõҪģǼˣҲܻŰɣ
㵹ǺܴǸߵϷҲʲôϣǲɱǣҪʲôǾҪʲôҪʲôǶҪȥ죬򡭡

α˵ʵΣϷҶҵĸ߲㣬ھ͸һѡǣٲ󶼵ǲߵڱŭХ
Ȼûģ
ܺãܺãǾվкεͣơţҶȴ붷˭û¶ֶݡ
ɱ
߶Ȼ߼ʥֱ֣ҶȣһʥƱ֮ƬϿȶڴһ𵴣֮С
ǰҶҲҪΪ֮ݣڣٷ֮һʵﲻʲô
ǿƣˣȴ㲻ˣȻʥǿߣͬ裬򣬴߶նɱ
죬Ѫô˵Ϊɣ
Ҷȿ򶷻죬δΧֹȻͷ֮
꣡
ըӸ߿ձ
ͻͻͻ
߿߶ʥ񣬽֪˺£ͻȻˣǷĹҲ
ӿµҲ֮˾Ȼըգۼ䣬һˣΪ߸ʬ
ҶУ֪ʲôʱӣһ㣬ӣ붷֮С
䡭
߸ʬ֮ըΪ˳


2089 

ʥ֣˲ϢԾ㤣޷͵ķʽֱ䡣
Χ߿գλʥƺʥ֮ǵˣʱʲôûµĸ߿ա
ס֣
ߵһλҲΪ֮ѣȥҲֻбնɱˡ
ʱΧǧ̻֣ĸŵôľͫǲʥǿߣ˵޷սʤվ۷Ĵڣ˾ô׾ˣؼɭɭ̹ǡ
£һӶһĻ
ʥҲ֪Ӳӣһ·Ƶ飬Ҳ벻Ҷ˵
ãǶ֪λǿαնɱġ
˺ȵŤɱºúݵֶΣһ֣ɱʥǿߣ֪жʧ
ʧҲ׵ʹࣿ
ҶȷЦҵѣץߣΣǻ·һǶˣûʲô͵Ļ󻹲Ǳĵӣǵڣǵĸܣǿɹ˼ˣ
˵Щʲô壿ŭɶ
Ƕԣû壬Ҷԣ̫ˣԶףе飬һξͿˣѾľʲô֪Ϊ˱ʲôֶζõĳǶԣˣɱѪˣ
ɱˣҲҪҪһϵ⣬
˵꣬ͻȻ߶µĸ߽λʥƣ˽λʥͷ֮Χǧ׵Ͽɽ壬¡һΪƽء
֣ҲɵüæˣΪ˽λʥƣնɱͽλʥ
˼ƣҶȴδö뿪ԼҲûгֵ˼Էǰ˽λʥ񣬶߽λʥ񣬵磬ҶȲܶԿеԽʵȴԽ˽λʥ̫̫࣬ࡣ
ҶȵХһǽ죬˭Ҳ߲ˣ
ԲѣϷݺ꣬նɱⲻ֪ߵغСӣ

ߵһͷŵƣΧΪһƬشȻͬǣֳһ߽λ񵶣ʵպÿԴﵽŽλʥʵ
ֲã˵Ŀˡ
˺񵶣
գۣ߸߸Ծ趯񵶣ԿٵصƣҶȵն
һ̣һԵĶ죬·𿴵ĵﵽյĵز̾СҶȣһҲҪ⵶»
Ҷȴɸֶ΢΢̧ͷ´ﵽʮ׾ʱͻȻĵԼڵ׿ռ䣬޷һ¡
·ʱ䣬һ̣ԶҲ޷ǰ
ǿԿʱ䣬ô䣬Ҳʹֻ࣬п֡
ҶҲ޷ƿʱİǴ񣬴취򣬲еͨ
ţʹ˫ۣ޷һ£ֻһ˫飬𺳵תΧԼĵγ׾޴ĹΧȫһ޵ȫš
ΪǲܵһĻ
ƿô֣ǰ˽λʥ񵶣ӵƣԽʥ۷壬˵Ȼĵͳͳһ޷ƿء
ϣ
Χ׸߿գһʥԼǧ֣źʥȥ뵽֮ǰʥһĻͲǰһ
㵽˭
߳Ҷȣ˻ߵĺΪˣҰܵһ̤ͿأɱǣԷûг֡
ʲô˲ҪҪǣҪҵѣҲ˵
ҶȿΧЩʥȻĪЦЦ˶޷һ£һһգ۾ͷ׷ϿϷۼһҶȿʥ񣺡һδжĻᣬȣˣαˣҵѴβĻأҿǱ֤һ㣬ҪңҲӴʮʧô򵥣ҲøȥҲ䣡
˻һٸŭգֱҪҶƴǣǶ޷һ£ƴ
ʥ߶
ƵߣеƣȫʧĹҲȻ޴棬֪ҶʩѹסŭĪҪǿԺú̸̸
Ҷû򶷻죬һʥӣĻʮпٶȶߣﵽ߽λ²
ˣ찡
֮Ҷȴ΢Цһ
ಣ
֮Уˣ
ЩҪʥжʮλ⻹ʲôʥ룬һѮߣ˵ߣԵþ壬һͷںڵĳ
˵ϢԶԶʥ񣬿˵û˿Ϣ
һ
Ӧþҵǿߣ
Щ룬ڼ˴
Ĵһˣոܹ̣ȻˣҲûûߣ̬֮Уֻƽ·ҲԤʾʲô飬ֻһڴ
ΧЩʥʮǸ߽λĴڣʮˣǵͽλʥ
һ˵ӵһ񣬻ʮʥǿߣѾǼΪ˵
ȻôǿߣڣǿԼˣû˿ΪǣһЩɫ
һʵ棬ǵĳϣǰ˽λʥΪʵﵽŽλʥȴԷĻҲûУԷǺεȵĴڣ
⣬·˶֪⡣
棬ѹֱѹȴԪ󣬷·˲ϢԪ󣬾ͻϱըӶ䡣
ˣѹûжݣֻʹĲ£浱ɭɭʵͬ飬Ǻε
η
м̾̾Ҹ֣ǵﲻǰĥԭǲð˵ģһҪ˵һ䣬õ£ҷˣһ£ҲǱŭѹƼжʧҪˣֻۣ˵Ҷ𣬰㣬һͷһԪӵһҲȷ󣬵ȴ֪ңԶĶ֣Ҳ벻ж£
˵ƺһӣΣҲȥ¡
ɽ磬ոô֮ͱҶˣӣ뾡˰취ԸҶȣδ֡
Ǵ߰޽еĴڣǴԪ֮ǰϹŶǰλ񣬻ĻҪ̫ʱ䡣
ǣգǱҶѹ
˵ôа
˶š
ڳĬ̧ͷһϿӳ
һˬʵЦϿ֮бǵҵѸˣе˼
ˣ֮һе𺳡
֮Ҷ붷죬֪ʲôʱƯϿȰգ·ǧҸ֣ȴȻһ
֣
һۼĵĻһ䡣
ҡҡͷʾû¡
ҶĿֱϣһλ񣬿ոͻƣһͷǿߣҵ峤ΪҪһأʵͲ֪峤˭ǿ
ǾͷȵĲΪʵ
ף
棬ͬҲڴҶȣҶȿǣθӦûκջ񣬲һ


2090 һս
˫һƺײ𻨣
Ĵ壿
ҶȲΪɽľͷ֮Ҳǳէ̶ʱǰңҲ
ѹѹǿƣʮʥλԼ߲񡭡·վھ˽£ΪɽưԵľͷһɱֻһݾ㵣ȴûһ˿¡
ҶȳĬ֮Ҳ֮̾ޱߣһңֻһܳưԣʮҲֻˣǵ·кܳҲǷߵʥءǷҲһ

һ·̫ңԶǾǰңҲеĲࡣ
ৣ
ǿߣǧǰ߿գͣ
ʥסĴȻڴĿ⣬ɫʮ򾲣һв֮ˡ
ɱҪһ仰ʹűʡѹȵơ
ҶȷЦ£ɱģҪףұԣ·ǧˣɱˡ
ûж֣ǲǣΪɱ֣
ЩУ඼ǲ֪ģҲߣҲ꼰޹ﵽʵҲһ㣬ڱɱˣǲ֪飬ڰ·壬ҪأˣԵ˲飬ѣһᾡҵˣһնݳ
ҴˣȰ̻˸ˣ
ڻ̸³ʼ̰ͼϱԼܣЩҲᷢ˵Ŀ
û£ȴʧʥǿߣʥأǶߵĴڣ
˵Ŀɫûиı˿⡣
ҶȳĬƬ̣ĮĿڣҿ۸˵ƹ£ȻˣǾûκο̸ģǱ̫Ҹѡ񣬷ѣǻ뿪ԺңҲû˿ԹڶǾˣʮʧõʧ
ͽүүνѵ㣡
˻һûжŭߣʥǿߣŭɶ·𱻵һֱѹƵɱ
һΪﵽŽλʥ۷ߣѾ߳
Сģ
ʱҲѡĬϣѾҶҪ֮Ҳһ£δŹһˣһԿ
ģһ䣬ϹͷͻϣҲҪά
Ե飬죬󲽱˵ҶΪĿ겻ϼӿٶȡ
С󣡡
һŽλʥͷҶȵһ䡣
ͽ
䣡
ɱߣ˫һƣΧǰռ䣬ӿŤӡһǣҪҶ붷죬˲ѹ
С
ҶûκζݣȻ䣬뵽ҪһСڴ߶ֻͬʱͷſƿռͨ

ۿ޴ӡҪѹҶϷռ䣬Ѿÿʼ˺ѣΣʱֻ̣Ҷȶӡ΢΢ﶯֱۡ
̼䣬޴ӡ·ռ䣬Ʊռ룬֮һ¾͡ꡱ˿ռ䲻ˡ
ݲߣԼǿ𺳣ͻȻӡߺͻȻӿ
¡
ߣ֪ᷢ޷͵һĻԼͷŵĹʱУϵӱӡÿʼը
ɲǼ䣬ڰգȫǱըľŽλʥƣ
ϣ
ҵĸߺһ䣬Ҹ֣ѾĿɿڴ

ȻͻȻҶĮȻһвƣȻʧֻһѪߣȴҶģȫΪ
Ҷҿ棬ԼҸ֣һŽλʥ̫ˣ棬뿴Ҹ֣ôһնɱҽ֣ʵλǿҵĶ֣ܼҵɱ

˵꣬ҶƳһߣȻֱһס
ٿ
ֻͻȻܳ߸ǿ̣ſ죬Ͱ߻Сӡ
һŽλʥͷ׾٣ǿǰҶƷ󻹱һСˡ
壡
ʥǿߣӿᡣ
Ե쳣䣬֪УǱضŭԼɱ⡣
ˣ޲ðҶȰƤѪ֮ʣͻȻ֣ٷˣ
棡
ڸһǴ㵣Ȼͨһȫ£·𶼲Ը⣬Ѵ𽻸ҶȣҪΪ߱ѩޡ
Ҷȷ¶ЦĴʥ֣ԹңֻܹԼһδսҵĵߣҲʲôˣ
ˣ˴һ
ǣ
ҸǱΣҲ벻Ϊ˸Ը˽ȥֲҲӣʥ񣬰Ѵһ㣬ӡʧ˳ֲԸһѴ
ЦЦһȳһҶ붷졣
쵱ԾȥŴصҶߣҶҲתŶ뿪
ڴʱҶȺȻҷտȥ
һɭɭ֣ʱ˵Сˣ
Ԫʥ
ϲ

Ȼ󷽣ҲһЦ
ֿգϲ⣺֣
һλһһλԪʥҡ
ҶֹתϷͻȻӰ
һˣԼһԵÿߣ桰⡱¡

ƳһҶȣЦ֣ô꣬磬ô£˼Ҷɱˣѵܣ
ұȴԵú侲Ԫϵܣ˲öԸҲǱΣ˶֣½Ҫȫû
Ȼˡ
ͻȻĿ⣬ͳͳҶϣվ⣬ͷǿʢɱ⣺ǻ뿪
ããã
Ҷ򶷻ʾ⣬Ŵ˺ǧףֻҶȺЦǶλһһλܼҵս⣡
ǸͽԪʥ֮ԱǵЦЦ
˺󣡡
Ҹֿʼ˺
Ĵ֣Ҳһͬգ·֣һΧҵĸ֣ԻһƬ
ҶҲô붷ٴ˺Щȥ֮⣬űҸڰա
׸߿УĴ
ԪϵܣмＸīߵͷ

˵ʱʱ죬һ۲ӰգһħӰֻǺ䣬ָѾҶǰץֱץš

Ҷһ̤һȭӭȥ
ȭͷԷָײһȻԸԪʥδüգۣ˾ͱ˳ȥ
ײƣſʼ߿γһȦײƣ߿ջݺᡢϯȥ
˺ǿһغϣԪʥͳ˰˺ǧףȻʹؿҡ
ɱ
⡢֣ɶǶλ񣬲Ԫʥһλһ֣̫ͬ졣
žž
գ˾һһңʼҶչл
ƹ໥ڸ߿ײҶֻ⼸ȭͿס⡢ҹ
ⲻǰ㣬̽ʵ
һɱ


2091 նɱ
ǣҶ⡢Ҽ֣ȴڳԡ
ΪΪﵽ߽λʥ֮Լʵûк֪ϴ̽Ҳֻ΢΢Ӵ
ʵҪˣֲ֪
ͻͻͻ
ҶϣƿԪʥҲ⡢Ӫ֮УγǼй֮ƣһǿͨ͵Ҷȡ
Ҷһƣƿ⣬γ𵴣߿գʮﷶΧڣֻ˺״̬
λȷǿ󣬵ҵķ顭
֮ҶȾѶԼʵ˴գ˹֮УȻԵôжȣ֮ͷ
ʱӾϿҶ޷Ըˣ⡢ҡԪʥҲκβҶȣȴóҪռ
⡢ҡԪʥҪǿʲô죬ˣ
ˣ
ҶҲһֱôȥɲǼ䣬߷ڳԪͬˮ
è壬ܸᣬһɱ֮
벻Ҷ˾ˣ˳ҡԪʥһۣͻȻץǿֱðտռ˺ѣ޿ɵֵİҶȡ
С
˿¹ƣҶ˫ͻȻ⡢һץһĻ
⡢Ҷȫ߷Ѿﵽλ۷壬ҪҶȺ֮ʣͻȻʧԼй
⡭
ԪʥһĻȻͣ²ٿҶһ֣ҿͬ⡢ҵӰӣ
ɻ֮ʣͻȻǰӿͬʱﵽҲһͬ⡢Ҵӿռ֮Уͻأɱ¾
Ԫʥʱˣæߺλֵܣң
䣡
ϧҶͻȻﶯֱۣӿռ⡢ҶˣٶͻȻӿһƺǷֶԪʥ
ĻԪʥҲ벻ΪûڵϣԼ֮¡
⡢Ҷ˴߶ȫһݺݵغڲִٴ߶Ԫʥϣ֪һλǶλȫһĶ֣ңǿߡ
ұը䱬ʱ˿̣⡢ҲʶǵĹûлҶȣԼԪʥնɱˡ
ԪʥŶǿյģһѪģ۲ŵ˫ۣ⡢ҶˣȻ󻺻ʧȥϢ
ҡҡͷƺԪʥ𺳣⡭ղҼǵãҷһ̣֪ΪΣһ޺嫵ǰһڣȻʱȻͳֽ֣
һģǶСӵֶͨΡͰѷɱĿ⣬ͶƯڿУԵ쳣ƽҶϡ
ȵΪԪʥ𣡡
Ҷ֮ԱǵĵЦ޴֮ǵʵҵĶ֣ϧҲٸκλǣ⣬ҸҺܶѡ񣬻ᣬǲܣҪɱˣԪʥˣǶ˻һ
ɱ
⡢ҿɲһףΣҲҪɱҶһ
˼һ壬Ѿÿռͬͨʱϣڳңǿµһɺڷ棬˺ѾƬ߿գӴؿȥȻյһĻ
˫㣡
˫һ֣˫㣬γȻռ֮Уֲϵλֹѹʱ˫ܼ״ֱ̬֮С
䣡
˫̫̣ԼӵϢ֪ͨҪǣҶȵʵѾԶԶ⡢ҡ
߿֮Уڽڷڲ˺Լײ˫ֱγƬ⡢Ҷˡ
ʲô
һŵ˺ǹǱ˫飬޷ٴοƣӰˡ
ৣ
ʲô⣬趯׼Ĺ׼ȷд˫㡣
䣡
һڴ˫ϣµӲȣԼǿʵӲһ飬ʱ˼ٴΡϸ롣
һĳңҲòȥС˴˫㣬Ҳ̫߹ӵ˫ҲΧ
򣡡
ҶҪɱˣֶ̫࣬߶֮ߣ˲ԴԽƿؿռ䣬նɱ˵ͷ­ҶҪϤԼͨԼСʵս֮ϣδɱΪĿġ
ȻǵóԸСȻ⡢Ҷˣͬ뱾һֻͨͨԽռ䣬ﵽ˲Ծ漣޷ӦԪʥɱˡ
ͷŴֱ˹ҲסˣϹԼͷŵķ
ֲ˶ãһĵò࣬⡢Ҳֻ³
ͻͻͻ
˫㣬ŷͨι˵Լ
ֻʮǿ⡢ҶˣѾĵĲ࣬Ҳ޷мܵס飬ȻҲɣ˫ײǵ
һΣһΣ
Ҷ˲һջ֣˫ʧˣֻʣ°Ѫģ⡢ҡ
ҶȰԪʥʬ⣺Ҹᣬλᣬѡ³ϵıԼܣѹҪɱˣ⣬ý³ǹԼԹˣ
⶯ãȴǼҲŹ㣬㲻ɱңҶҪƤѪ
֣úǰ㡭ڳңڲ֪Ķ֣ǿĳ̶ȣΪ꣬æģɲΪν꣬úͿġ
ѣзҵˣ⿴δɥĲ񣬵ǿǵˡ
־棬һŹ𣿡
ħ
ħӦǰɣˣҲ˶֣ΪģǾ꣬Լԭҵԭҵ˭ҵҾ˭Ҵ󲿷ֶ޹ģɱһ٣۰ɣ
ž
˵ֻ꣬ҶһƣϣһͷԵ
棡
ʮҸ֣ʱʹޣ
һλ񣬾Ȼôһʬ塣
ش˳ңֱҶȰĿŲͷң¸û˿ϵ
ûϵ⻰Ҳ˵ĳڣԭ£뿪ʱһжữģԪʥɱնҡ뷨ּɱ˵˼Ϊ㣬𣿡
ҶȵЦЦˣûа취ʱ̣ϣһԭΣϣӲһȥ˵˽ˣ
һ֣̺Ԫơ
һȴ˵Ԫ񹥻Դݿ֮ƣҵԪ
˲䣬ӣûʶ
Ҷɱó֣Ԫ㹻ˣҲСţ
ţӦúǻҪִԲҵȱңҪʮԶʧҴʱûǣ
һХ⡢ҡԪʥʬ壬ģתһ붷죬ʮ룬ֻҪǰ
û˵ʲôҶȴ߶Խʥٶȣһ£˱ƿնȥ
棡棡
ǧҸ֣ط߿ա


2092 ֮ǰ

һ֮ۡУѾۼʮλɽľͷ̫ۡ顢ͷ˶Уֻ塢аһˣǻЩǿߣδع顣
ֶһ࣬ԱǾһ֮սĽն죬ѾָʵλԼĽλ²
ȻҪɱͻԼΪ
ʱͷ̧ͷ⣺Ҳ֪Σ
ҶڵʵѴﵽ޷ĵزӦòʲô⣡۴΢Цһˡ
ಣ
һƷͻȻ
˶֪ҶȡԼˣһһţҶ߽ѾָһЩǻѪҲѪۡ
û°ɣ
ϳȥΧŴԼ죬ͶȥʺԼġ
Ҷֶһ£ȾͿն죺λ磬û°ɣ
û£˺ЦЦ
ʵҶ֪ǿ϶¡
ɽʱն춼ǳҶȵĴڣҶһ׷ȥݺɽ磬Կͥ칬Ǻεȵ緢Ӣۺ
ǧȥ
Ҷȴصɽ磬Ѿݣն죬ԸоҶ֮Ĳֵ࣬ܣҲ޷⣬Ϊʱ䣬ԼһһİУǷֵ֮飬Ȼ޷ҡģֻǶ˾ãЩϺȡ
ҶڹͥơԿ̫ʼѻ̫ʼúƢԣһĻˣʵ࣬ȷԵЩӰ졣
ʵҲ֮飬Ȼˣ˵ףǻһʿʿǾһѪˣǲЩߵˣиӺ
뵽Щ棬ʵףͨ˵˳ԶţŻع飬ȻʱǸԼһݵͨˣһǳ˴ٹˣ˭вôһУԼھθУ
Ҷȵ˼ֺγϸ壬Ȼ뵽Щ
ĬһᣬҶ¶õЦݣӽն죺λ磬һĪ̫ǿɽʱĥѣȻ磬Ƿ׳־ǵδᳬԽɽĻԻͣ
ЦЦնҲ¶ˬЦݣǶ˾δѣҲں磬İɣǲһΣΥʵ
γȥвջ񣡡
ټն죬ϤЦݣҶȾˣʵУϣѡ˶Ҫá
ʱһ֮󣬴붷
ҶҲ룬ھͷԵúܳĬҲ磬һνѵ
Щ֮УˡĭԼɽۣһʱ޷ϻ
ԺҳȥУøСģȻɽ磬ǷߣͷÿˣһֻҪ࿼󻷾Сʻ괬
ľͷҶȲδԵˣֻǺƽذԼ뷨˵ÿҲܵҶ֣һſӷɳɱƳӣЩӣԴкܴģ
ӣһһÿϣǶ֪ЩӣκαﶼҪ
ϾҪȥμе췣֮Ҫȥҡ
֮Ҷ˿ʼ£ͬҲԼһЩ㣬ˡ
ȻѸϸ飬֪ңϾ˫ʥǹͥˣȻڲҲͨϵ֪һж򣬹ؼҶҲΪ£ң˶ſ˫ʥ
˼֮Ҷȱ뿪ְһЩӣūԼǣ֮ǰҲȥһ˵
飬Ҷֱӻعʥء
ʥءӵ泽ɽ
ɽ֮УʮӣһһֻľϿգƯߵĻƽʡ
Щ֮УϤףͨС
ߣ
ʱ泽ɽ֮⣬ڶ泽ɽĻƽʵĲ
иˣȴ泽ɽŭ
գʱҶеӣҲµӷ
Ҷȣ֮ܣҷΪˣһƽʽҲҵϡ˸⡣
ˣȻĿڷϣһΧʦ֣ϲѽܴμ췣ۣ֮Щʦܣֻһοлᣡ
ңң
Ӧ˼䣬ֿʼ̸ҶԼƽʣ·࣬Ҹڵ뿪
ҿʦ֣ǷŲ£հҶʦϡ
ңҲһԲ˯ţϾˣаգͻĴڣҶʦܣڤڤ֮УѾγԽ⿪ĸң
Ӷʧȥķһͬ̾Ϣš
һ֮С
֮ĬãԽԽŭȻ߶һӡֻϹŶصĻӰڴֳ֮
¹򣺡Ӱݼʦ
һģ˭ˣϹŶԷһһյú
ӲԸƽʣҶǸϣΪƽʣҲһԾ֦ͷΪ߸ϵǻƽʱӵõ
㻹£
ʦ㵱ҲǼԣʥذѻƽʽҶ𣿵Ӿǲͬ⣬˾ӵòҲʦϣ˵ʦԴΪһ̤벻Ҳ޷ȼ
ƽʵĹһʥģҶȿԼʵõģѳɶ֣Щʲô
ҡҡͷмĲʣ鲻ԸͻȻ뵽ʲô£ɫɱʲôΥʥصȥΪƽʣҶȣǳʲôΪʦҲ㣡
ף
ͷأʣһʱĵڱ֮ϣɭɭЦǰ޴ʥҶȶ֣βμ췣ۣ֮Ҳһӣ췣֮ڲ໥ɱҶˣҲϣҷʲôϵѵһͬţͬ𣿡
ٺ٣
УɭɭĿ⡣
泽ɽ
ಣ
һ޵ӰҶȣɲǼںϡ
Ҷȱع飬ۣȻͨںһ֮󣬱̾ϢҲҪ񵤣췣֮ڣΪͬṩ֧Ԯ
뿪ʱ䣬ʥҲ㷢顣
Ϊһλ¸ˣҶѽӵ´񣬿Ҫְǲ档
£ʥѾѡвμӳͷ֮۵
ˡʥˣʥ֮ˣʥֱյ㣬ͨѡġ
λ̫ϵӣûҶϤˣ˷ֱǻʤźӢӡΪǾŽλ񣬾ʥֻһ֮ң̫ϵ֮УΪŵĴӡ
ӣҶϤʶˡ
նҶԼͨ꣬ͨѡҲҶϤˣ˷ֱǰᡢԼν
ӣβμ췣֮۵ĺġ
ǷͷţֻһˣҶδġ
ν
ͨԵѰңǶνŵ˽⡣
ΪҲﵽŽλʥ񣬴̤ʥأһֱ޽ֻľΪΪνһԼֻ֮ʵǳǿΪ췣֮۸ϻʥء


2093 ӣ
ʮѾȷʥҲ췣֮ۡ
ҶҲջػƽʣͬŽͣȻع֮ôҲꡣ
֪ʦ񾳿Σ
֮еҶȣȻ뵽˺֮ģҲ뵽Ӧ顣
ֲ½ѪҶӦӦûָú˳ϵȴһֱûж
벽繫ӡ˹ͨ
֪֮ƸӻңΪʮߣ˼񣬱֮ģ⼸˶˼Լƺ֮ģں֮ıǰӻңϵҲȫѡ
˭ɽ˭㺣֮ģᱻ̲
췣֮ʵٴߣʱơɱˮֵܣȻֱ̤󶴸̡ûҲȥѰµĶ
ʱҴѾӵʵǱ󶴸۶Ҷʵһء
ǿҪμ췣ۣ֮ϣУʵ
֮
ʥ
뷨ءͨˡϼġ֮ϹŶФĪһֳϣڸ߿յȴš
֮ӳΧĽؿһڸ߲㡣
ಣ
ֻͨꡢȵӣһһ֣ȻĴ̫ϵҲһͬɳҶһӣҲһ߿վۼ
ʮˣǲμ췣֮ʮš
νȻʵǿҿ⣬ʵǿģӦһλʵ
벻ǿǰᡢͨȻԾӣԱǸĮν
Ҷֿ˿ʤźӢӡĴ̫ϵӣԼŮӣȻûǰȴҲùɫ㣬ʵ񣬴ﵽͽλʥ
ڻʤźӢеӣҲӢţʵλŮӣڶλʥһ̤ʥǵʵҲﵽλʥ£һӵԽ
Ҷڴˣ󲿷ˣҲڴͻȻʥصţ޺档
໥ףҲڴкνĮֻǶҶȣ·һս⡣
ҶȺ飬Ҷ£ⲻǶԹֻһд뷨

ԛԼϹŶһЩΪףʮӣһͨɲʧ
ʥ֮⣬߿յƲ֮С
һһ߳ʾҵһȣֻӰȻֳ췣ۣ֮ҾͲٶ˵ʲôϣÿˣԼĻԵȻ췣ۣ֮һҪŽᣬɣ
ǣ
һͬȻԶʡ
ٶȣʥ֮䣬Ҫչ̫ϵӡ
֮УҲδϢУ̫ϵҲ棬һֱ飬ӣδжٹͨһƴ
ҶơϵѾʥشһѵ췣֮ڵĹϻĵء
Լ֮
ɳʮһЩǵˮ֮ϣǰǹŽ׷
췣֮ڵλãպ½뽻紦
УԽˮ򣬱һƬɫĹϴأǻĵأԭʼԼӴɽʲôûУܲκϢ
ԽĵأԽܸӦʮδеĹϢ
ĵغܿӳֱһƬӲ̤ԭʼ磬çԭݺᡢɽϢͷų
λĻĵأû֮ǰʱӣΪ췣֮۴Ƭĵ֮УⱣԲңԪ֮ǰģ
ʱ˷ٶȣΪ˽ĵصһЩʷĵָӣҿԿЩ棬Ҳĵ֮УЩǴϵģӰ˻ĵȲҪֱȥ췣ۣ֮ѡطӦϢ˵
ţ֣һƬ֣
ȻҶüͷһ̧ӦмʮǿϢɹ
Ϣˣû뵽ո̤ĵأʥظ֣ĺȻһЦΪʥء
ʥˣ
֮󣬛ȸӦȻ󷨲ϹŶҲӦˡ
߲㣬Լвμĵӣһסͳͳś˿ʡ

ಡ
һƬƣ·Ʋʣڸ߿ƮƶƺԷҲӦʥصϢٶȲϵط·¡
Խ졢ˡһߡ
ȣҶȾͿʥصϹŶǵʥʽʥϹŶ
ڸϹŶΪһȻǾŽλ񾳽磬̫ǿˣΧжʮ߲㣬һ룬ܡ
лһǿĴڣ
ͻȻ䣬ҶԽ졢ˡһһ࣬һӡ
ӣͷ߸һöɫηһưƤ˸һ֣ճ޵Ϣ
ǳϣΧʥǿߣԶ쳣𾴡
ҶФһ࣬ѯ˵ݡ
ǴĴӣҲΨһĵӣ
Фƺ벻ҶȻעǸˣΪ֮һ
ʥĵӣ
Ҷȵ񣺡治һΪδﵽ۷壬ʵȴ쳣ǿ󣬱Խ졢ˡһˣҲ˶٣һ룬ҲǾŽλĴڣӣѴﵽ߽λӣǺεȵţ
ΪѾͻư˽λ񣬾Ҳһˣ
Фܵ

ðԵ֣
֣ҶסٴδֶԷϣ·ʲôϢôʥظ֮Уȴһע⵽
Ҷ̾˽λ񣬻ǴĵӣôˣǳеϹŶţ²ʥأһŰɣ
ҶȣʥصһţʥأϸԪĩڣԪڣʥصһţòһԪʱ䣬ʹﵽ񣬲ΪӣʵֻϹŶĶ֣ˣĳ֮ս˵϶⣡
𣿡
ϸԪĩڣɽͨʱûݣԻЩɽߣ˵ط֮Уһλߣӵв˼Ŀռ̶ͨʱ䣬ʮδκεʥУҲϷߵĸԣϲ
һλƿؿռͨǿߣ
ҶͻȻΪ֮һڼԪĩڣʱԺȻ͸һλ˵ƮӰ
޵ˣ
λߣ֮ʱû֪ĵţĳһ죬ͻȻ紫ʮһǿھһǳزԶսս˾Ȼƿؿռ䣬ƶռ䣬һЩ·ǿ߸պüΪսһˣʱոһˣߣ
Ф֮£̾Ϣʱңʥػһͨӣ̸Ǹս棬ҲΪˣϧǳ֣ˣֻȼ˰ˣ֪ʱĽ԰ˣҲнյĳɾͣҲնɱ
ԭ޵˶ˣȻǰ񡭡
õ޵սµ֮Ҷ޵˵Ϣţ޵˻ϡ
޵ܣҲҶȻţϾʱŷ磬䣬򲻻š


2094 
ţ޵˾ԪУѾǿ֮塣
ţ໨ŴҲѾ׷ѰĴڣΪǿߡ
ҵֻ΢΢ѣδȫݻ٣Լʤ޵Ҳϡ
ʵҪ֪𰸣ܼ򵥣Ҷֱȥѯʱǣ֮֮ʲô˭Ҳ֪ðձ¶Լ޵˵ĹϵҲҲ˵
Ӣ
Ŀ΢΢ƿʥغ󷽣еĸ߲֮⣬ʮ֣Ҷȵעʮˣδ
һˣ£ʥصӣӢ
ʱ˵ҪѰұͻư˽λʥ񣬶Ȼɹˣ˽λʥʵ²ﵽŽλʥƺУ
ʮʥص֮УӢϢص֮һΪδأ΢΢ܿó
һˣӣΪǴﵽ˾ŽλʥʵȻѳʥ񣬴ﵽ񣬾Ф˽⣬ΪＫ桱
Ｋʥ֮У΢΢һ֮ӣѾͻ֮УӢǺ֮㣬Ų١
˧
ţڼʥ֮УҶȻһй֮Ե̫ϵ˧ǾŽλΪҲ̤ʥ顣
ҶȣＫԼӢĶ֮һʵŷǳֲʥʵﵽ񡭡
Ф쳣ڰΪҶȽ
֣
ʥʮˣԽ졢Լһߴ£ѾʥӪǰϹŶԼһЩ߲㣬򛕷ˡص
˵Ҳ˫߲˴˶ǳϤϾ󲿷ֶǵͬʱڵͨᡢţҲӢＫкЩţҲйʡ
Ψ̫ϵӣ岻ϻ
ʦã
֮У·ֻ꣬עʥصĵӣҲΪܡ
ͨΪʥӣȫ׵ҶȣλҶʦܣ
һʱ䣬ʥеţԼһָ֣׷׿Ҷȣĸžȡ桢Լ𺳵ɫ
ͻʥ߽λʥĴ棬ѱʥػϤһ
ţҶŵ񣬱ϾһˣǵμӹҶȵĽʽ
ʥеţ໥֮ʡ
ʥȴЩ߲㣬һֱΡ벻
һˣϢĮã޷񣬴ʱΪϹŶľˣһеʦܣλˣǷߣҲʥͻȻţ
ţѸоϣ̺˿˿ɵϢԼǧף񵭵ɨɨҶȡ
ʦܿɷ񿴴ӣ֪ΪΣϴȥʥأϷѿˣϷΪ޷һͽλʥΪȻ̤߽λʥϷӿ͸
˸㲻ҲŴͨĴڣʦҲ޷ȫ͸̫ˣ߽λʥΪѾӵһλʵ
βμϰ
ǰɣһ򵥣ͷʦ֣ÿӴȥҪҶȣ
ǵñ㹦Σˣǵ֪ʥأͻȻһʥʦүĹϷһӽԪʼӵǴӣһʵȻﵽ߶ȣ
˾ˡ
񰵰ͷ漴λ˱㰲ȥȥǰʥؽ̸Ӫ֮С
֣ΪδҶϣоһ޷вһ߽λʥѵвɣ
һֱڳĬ֮еͻȻҡҡͷȴעҶһһ
⣬֮ӵеϢƺִڣ޵˽֣ȻԶ֪֮Ϣ
ԶҲ벻ܴҶϣӦ΢΢ĲͬϢҶˣȴҲǰоס
һжΪ֮
ҶʥŽҲİпӡ
Լһʱ֮ʥزŷֿ췣֮۷ȥ
ʥ˷һ󣬱ҵһɽȣʼ磬Ϣûջĵظ
ԼϢҶϰ˻ĵϢ֮ٴγ
˴Լ죬˾ͼһԲΡƳְɽͻأڻĵݺɽ룬ɽ֮еߣĵ硣
Ǿ췣֮ۡ
ҴԶȥԲγֵ췣ۣ֮һֻ۾ͻȻڻĵ֮ϣһëȻĹŹϢ
ŵӣǵһμ췣ۣ֮Ϊ˸е𺳡
Խ췣ۣ֮ԽӴ嫣ƣұһ̽š
ﵽ߶ȣֲöɣһκβʿ͵͵Ǳжܡ
ǰвǿߣ췣ۣ֮˻ս
µĵطڤڤ֮УȻ־췣ۣ֪֮ǲǴ˵е񣡡
ҶȰһʥˣѾ¸߿գ췣֮ǰĿԭʼɭ֡
ڰգ˾ͼ·ɭУһ磬ʮ֮࣬ÿһ磬һʥػ
ڿ췣֮ĵطϼ̨̨ͨһŻÿһ̨վһЩͬʿǿߡ
Щ˿ɲ򵥣ǲκΪֱĴҲǣ췣ۣ֮
֮󣬛˾ҵʥصĽ磬ͬʱʮʮʥصǿߣҲ׷׹ҲҶϤĺʥء̫ʥԼʥء
Ҷڵһʱ䣬߳ףơڿտҷֳΪѾﵽŽλ۷壬ʵȻҲڸ߽λʥ񣬶ΪҪ߹ƣѾɹ̤ʥ
̫ʥأ췣֮۽Ҳʾ£Ϊ˾ʢĽʽ
˳磬Ҷȶ췣֮֮Уаգʵﵽ߽λ˽λʥ񣬶ʵӱ̬߶ģʵֻҲﵽ֣Ҳҡ
ơһᣬʥصĸ߲㣬Լ󲿷ţҶʶϾʮҶ꣬ʵֵ˲֪
еţҲǵʱμӹҶȽʽҲҶй顣
ӷ
Ϊ̫ͷҶȲδͷ̫˵ĸӦΧ׷ŽϢĽ磬ͻȻظӦһϤϢ
׷ңӷ
ͨϸӦŵһȷӷΪѴﵽŽλʥƺͻƾŽλΪǾˣֲں֮ģӷܵÿһԴԭʵѾ֮еߡ
ѽӽ
Ҷֵܣ
ǡã׷һƬУһӰӷҲӦҶȵϢ
һҶȣæ۶¶ϲЦݣ벻벻ոʥشˣǹֵǲˣⲻ
ҲǸյ빫Ե췣֮ٴۣҶҲǴӭȥӷź£Ȼ˵Ц
Ҷʦܻǽ㣬Ǿ׷һʥءУļ֮һӷ
ʥزŵӣҶӷ˵ЦһĻĸе⣬֪ҶȲûãȴʶңԶ׷ţԹ


2095 涾ַ
Ҷ֣췣֮ҿǾ֣ҪֵײҪСˣӷں֮ʱһʥصݣȴӣŽȻ෴֮ͬԸ
ҶȵǺ⣬ӷһ󣬽Ŷ˾ʱֿҶĿӷص׷һ
ʱҶ΢΢߶ߣʮʮʥصĴ󲿷ʿڰԼν췣ۣ̫֮׳ΪעĿꡣ
Ҷȼ̫ʥءʥءʥءʥءʥءʥءԪʥءƽʥءʥءʥصĸ·ŽʥصľŮᣬȷǲ
ϴʥʽ֮ϣҶֻǿԶԶòָ߰ŮӣδҶȷӦҶȼ꣬ٴͻƵľϢҲòע⵽Ҷ֡
ϵǲҲΪһ㣬ͬΪʮǵŮһϣйͬԡ
ȻʥأҲò棬ᡢĴڣʵԿŮ
ʥض໥֮С
֪ʥضΪ췣֮ϾҪ
ʥؽ֮У
ʮμţڸԱչأϢ֮У۳֮žҪ򿪣ÿض޷ƽɡ
¡
ҶһֱҲ޷ֹˮ
ΪĲǼ췣ۣ֮ҲΪڶ棬Ϊ涾ַ֮£ľ޴ı
Դϴ涾֮УпţҪҪڶʥʧܣԼܣ֪ʥأȻ󽻸ʥأԼʮȥ
Ͼ¹غشϴεĺʥ¼αȺʥأʥʧеӦƷԼĺȵȣÿһǿԸʮ𶯵ܡ
ҶһֱյĵطһϢȥ˭֪ʮӰ죬ȥܣʮʮκʧҶȶѴ̡
Ҳȥƽ涾ַܣʯϹԼѪߵǿ󣬻ضٵǿߣⶼҶһ޷Եģڲ磬Լ˵ĸӦ޷Ӧڲ
Ѿһܽ顣
ԽϣԽ鷳֮±ȻǼùġͱȥܼʱƣ̬һչ
Ҫ֪ʥأҲиܸ֪ͣʥأʥֻ뷨֪£Ҳ׷Ź
̧ͷ˫ۣĿָֻᶨȴݵģ
߳磬磬һЩ߲ʩֱ֮򛕷ڵĶռ䡣
ɣ
ҳһͨҶȲУͨҲ֮ʧ
УƯһֻ֮УֻͨҶȻͣ½ӡʵ£
ӡ
Ȼȴһʱ֪Ӻ˵
ⲻʶҶȣƺԤеҶҪʲôء
м£ʮΪѣ¹غشҵҲȷϣԺìܣģôΪʮӰ죬ȻݣǼٵģҲϣʥΪ±ľ
˸ԤʾʲôȻһĻϱûǹͨԼĽŲһ߳ģ
лѵ⣡
ҶֱӣȻץһ򣺡ǰЩʱ򣬵ʱͻȻ콵Ȼһ޵Ĳ֮õӰϽʥظ߲㣬Ҳܵ󣡡
㿴ݣìܣ˳˼
ͻȻôһԼһŹȻҪȺ˲һݡӵͺܻɣӾʥأ
򛕷ˣ֮ǰ׼õ򣬽ˡ
ЩҶȵ˽⣬֪ҶСġطâìܣȻǴ顣
֮С
Ҷ֮УһЩϵݣ涾ַĴһһ£ұ涾ַŵͼ
Լһʱ֮
üͷ涾̴µܣѰ𺧵ʵҶ棬ûἰ̫࣬Ҫһ㣬󶴸ĺ
һֱעصۣƱػκ˹ע㣬ҶȻ΢΢¹һЩʥʬ壬ŵϢϢ
ɭϵɫʵݣûеڶ֪
˴£ӵȻ͸¶ȥһģƱȻ󲨣ǼٵģҲһ籩ʱӾͳˣ
뷨ܵҲ㹻죬͸¶ݣ̫ˣʮа˾ȷ£˵ϸϸһݵͼǿЦĻ˭
ʱ䣬һֱ˼ȥģ統ʥ¼ࣿ
ʥ¼żȻֻк룬η壬ۣͬ˵Ѿ͸֮Уĺܺã˴һģʮ涾ԼϷҲжţΪ֪ص֮ȻȥúϢȫȫμ췣֮۲ԣ£һʥظ߲飬ȥ̽̽ʵ
ɫ䣬Ҷ뿪硣
ڻһȻһͶС
ʥأʥ
ǿտռ֮УֻͻȻֳ˵־ͶӰ
˼ֳֻʦܣεҪ췣ۣ֮ҪҴҷ񣿡
䣬£
һ⣬
һץ΢΢תʧʧһ̣ɫͻȻ䣬ƳȻ£
ࣺͬҶԸõҲһֱԥ֮УʱϷ֪£ǿȥ֪̽һʵģʮҪӭһ𣡡
ҶδἰɷλϢһЩ֮ģʵ
ҶȵĻ˵ֱӰͶ£Ϊ²ҶʵܱȼģҰڵǴﵽΪĴڣ޷֪̽һܵģ
˵ʵ̫ͻȻϴκʥ¼ƺҲԤʾâкܴҲкļҲδҵʥһ˵İˮֽܵ涾̸֣һģ˵ʥҲй
ʦ֣»Ҫؿǣ
˴£ȻҪټʥظ߲㣬úһҪȥĻҪϹŶһȥȻȥ޻أ
Ϸ͸ˣ
ಣ
־ͶӰ˲ʧǿ֮С
ҶȣģΪʮ´һǸ𣿡
ĬһΪһӰռ
췣ۣ֮
Ҷͷͨи֪˵ĶӦһعʱҲ˿
ȻѾʱʥظ֪¡
ϸԪͿʼռһԪȥǻڰмƻţâҾͲţλзı£
ĿѾﵽҲжһݵģʮȥȫʤĽıȻݻ١


2096 ʹ
Լ֮
ɭ֮磬ֱ߳ʮʥÿһպʮˣʮʥؼ룬Ҳ˵һν췣֮۵ţﵽʮˣ
ʮ˶ɳ֮ӡ
ɸϹŶ죬ԶǹŻ̨
ʱ˿̣ÿһж޷ƽ췣֮ǶĵطҲճΪǿߵĵá
ֻǶ췣֮۲֪ٴΣÿһβμţжմԸ
Щˡ
𽥿Ż̨ҶȷֱŻŰɫɫɫ멵ǿߣЩͫĿ⣬ױȵİϡ
ҶФѯʣ֪ǿߣʮŽ׷µʹߣȫȨ췣֮ۡ
ԭʹЩΪȻǾ˵񡭡һȻһͳھԽԽ
ÿ˶飬һϹϼ̨ŻСʮŽ׷¡ׯϵģЩʹҲ࣬һһ𣬲ʮˡ
ͨŻ̨֮ϣҶʮһԵɫ멵ʹʮǿߡ
Щʹ֪ʲôͷкεʵФĪȳϣҲ˵Ȼ֮ÿһ췣֮ۿǶ֣Ϊά췣֮Ѫʿ
˲μţ˺󣬿ʼ˶ݣ
ʮһһʮţʹֿ̨룬ʥϹŶ׷࣬˭ҲҴ˵
ʹʼҡóʥһһ˶ÿ˵òԼȵȡ
ʱ֮󣬲ź˶ϡ
ֱʹ죬ֱ֮Ĺϴţ췣֮ۺȻްԣ۾ǰĸΪ֮һ
ͬʱҷ̨֮ͨУŽԼ׷ʹҲֱţš
ףȻͬһʥأǾߣǱȽͬ໥Ͷ˵ĵ⣬Ȼ췣֮ÿοÿ֮ʥص棬Ҳ½ʵ档
λ
ǰʮʹ֮УͻȻһͳӴǶʮţϣ⣬ŽͶŽᣬһ㣬ǧ꣬췣֮ڲƺбףҿɱŹλᣬǷᱦԴ˭õ˭ģʥòߣҲԤ
˻һϰǿ߶һ
ʹ죬ɫǰŽ׷˫ҲԴǰڴۡ
췣֮ÿοʱ䶼̶
һʹǹŽʹΪǰйǧҲпһӣֻῪһ꣬ʱȻ̣ܶȴΪƳǱصǱλץסʱϣǶо޴ջ񣡡
ſ
ʹͻȻԴͬӡȻɾͬʱһˣϴš
ϴٿȻûһ׵ͨ·Ǿ޵ʳŶЩԥӲͷƤ֮ͨУţǰͺ̵ķʽϽ췣֮
֪ûУܵõš
еʹ̾Ϣһֱʧ˽ӡֱͨ仯̵Ż
˿̣췣֮δ֪ռ䡣
·һ»԰ֻһŮӣһⱦ֮ϣһ
űʧŮҲֳҶȼػʶԶԶض㿪ΪŮǵҪǿȴȥеŮӡ
棡
ͫͶһ֮⣬ȻЦϴǸϢʥصСӣҲһβμ췣֮۵Ķ֮У˼˼ϴǿʥصķϣһҪߣϢҲһʿգ඼ΪߵĳߣڿٵδﵽΪһˣһ˵ĸо
üһᣬǲڳӣȻһݺ棬˫ͫ⣬Ȼ仯ȻһЦݣСӵǸţǧ꣬ΪһӴ߽λʥڲ޷أڻϢζȻޣʮֵĴ
ܣһʥʿ˵磬Ҳֻһżĸ߼󣬿յϢȴҪƽ⣬ô£൱ǧ꣬Ϊз˾˵ĿԽ
Ҳգ췣ۣ֮һһᱻվУҵҪ㻹ʲôܣţ
ƺָӦʲôӣͻȻһݾЦݣɵϢɵ΢ϢСʿȻɽ磬ӦþϴΣӹϽ֮
һҪ׷עϢ벻λ֮һԪб·磬ڲͬȷӦõģжٷǿߣǴƬĵ֮ϣ۷֮·ߣȻҲ޷ȫ͸һһأ
Ī췣֮΢΢챦ףΪ˶֣ĻԵ޷²⣡
̾˼ⱦ
·һеĴڣϢǺΧһдﵽƽ״̬
췣ۣ֮

һ۵Ĺ֣źȻоһֺ֮Уŷͨˣվʵĵ棬ǰΧһ޾Ļĵأ޴ɽƬĹɭ֣һǿϢ
ΪϵĻĵطҲر𣬲ǲһЩ泾Ϣ
Ҷ֮УԵúۣȴܸӦ󲿷Ȼҷ췣֮ڲȷǱж죬һ޴Ŀռ硣
ಣ

ʮʥأֱԷɳ뷽ȥʥؼģҲҶȴкһ
жɣ
ͨῴ˿ţҲͷһ򿴲ͷĻĵ硣
ٶȲδʥΪ֮ллʤźӢӡˣ̫ϵӵĴڣȻͬһʥأӻҪסػˡ
̫ϵΪκӣֻ·һ
ʲô
˰ʱ;ûκΣա
ǰͻȻûɭ֣ҲûκɽֻһɳĻƺһп
̧ͷȥƺɳͬ꣬γһ֪жʵɳٲ
֮У˶Եúɻ󣬶һĬԵνʱվӦһ磬Ҳ췣֮ڣɳ磬ӵ̫Ĳͬڣһڣǽһ磬ֻߵ羡ͷܼһ磡
ʲô˼Ĵ̫ϵ֮һźӢɻ󲻽⡣
ֶƳӣʦܣʦֵ˼ܼ򵥣һ̤ɳ磬ͻһռ䣬ǷֿģȻҲпܣǽĿռ䣬պҲʥأҲС
ǸǻҪԣҲѡ񣬼ȻǻͲԥȥ
ΪλŮ֮һ꣬ʱչֳȻ˲еӣɨһۣȷɳٲ
Ҳһ汣ʤźӢӡˣ𽥿ɳٲ


2097 ʥ
ৣ
ʮžֱɳٲ
Ȼʮ˽ɳɲǼоذƵģָоֻգۼ䣬ȻǰûһƬϵ֡
ƬֵϢ̫ϣĻĵء
췣֮ڲ磬ͨռ䣬Ϣ̫ˣȻĹϱ˵һֱȥҲôĸ߼
췣ۣ֮Ҷ췣ۣ֮ȻǴ磬׹ġ
ֺܰ˵Ǽž
λ
Ȼ䣬ָͨһ¶Ƥʯ
ΧֻʯһԵĽӡ˶ʱһ̫ˣôպþʥصҲ̤һռ֮С
궣ˣСˣ̫ϣʮָӣ԰ѸӦ͸̫ԶԻ֪ķʥؽУֻһһ
ҶͷҶҲδͷ̫ĸӦҪȷΧ仯췣֮ӵδ֪ܣҲôչ¶Լ
ӣѻʤźӢӡΧ룬δշУǻԽ֣Ϊ֮УȻдڹϵıЩϱͨҲдܴ
췣ۣ֮ҪΪ˻ȡԼԴŽ֣˵ʵҶЩԸϾƲ硣
ҿ׮Ǳƽģкܳʱˣǰμӣɱɵģ
ƺоʬ壡
ʱԽһСƬ֣ïʢ֮ʣͻȻָһ¶˵
ҷ׷׿ȥҷлһʬ塣
һʬԣһΧʧȻʬ壬صǰ
νһƳʬ壬ͿǹŽʥءӣ
ΪӦҲﵽʥ۷壬ʬ廹δȫãӦҲвˣϧΪͰװûʲôһ˵һʬǰ
ʼʬѰ˶ûκζݣϾѰұǺ飬ҶԷΪ˾ˡ
һʼ磺ʲôδ£
ǵ֮ˣɱ֮Ҳһõı̾
䣡
ָһץʬһըΪ˳û˿飬ǰȥ
Ҷʦܣ
ͻȻ䣬갵ҶͶȥһʦ֣ʮּǳϴ̨֮ϣ㵱ڰԸһӶǣҪСģ֮Уʦ˼ѹҪϾһر
ҶɫһлʦѣҶͬţǲɣŽᣬʮˣܻųȥģûм
ĸƤɽӦ֪Ϊ淨Ϊ˱ͬУ¾»𣿡
ȷ
ﻹ췣ۣ֮𣬶ҳѵЩʥ񣬻ֵܵջ󣿡
лʦѣʦܿҪСģʦҲæλʦܡʦãͬӦöά
вɶֶһݺøУ泽ɽҶȰѻƽʽʱܣҲһͶҲԼˡ
ֻ£ǾԲ˵̫ġ
˵ΪУɿóǸĺȰ㻹ǲҪҶ˼ʦأΪңֵˣϹŶһͨ޷ѵӣδҪְҪʰ׶ˣ
ҪԼ
ҶҲ̫пܣ˵磬ԼΪµӡǷԸر
ʲô֪ҶȣȴͲһ£ҲֻЩɽ¶ˮõҶӡ
νҪŴˣ챦Ҳ֣ͬȻʱõУҶȾȷͬŰȫ
Ϣ
ʱ
ͨͻȻʾ⣬ۼһ
һؿңôΧйѪζ
궣֪ȻϢҪСˣ췣֮۽ô꣬ޱȻҲǿɵģ

˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻһͷʮɸߵѪޣ·һͷɣӴͻȻɱǰķ־ƴһ

˿ûкˣȻһ𣬶һȥ

µӣһƣʵھˣȻһƾͰǰȻɳȥ
ಣ
ո¶һĨЦݣ֪Χ˳һͷһͷľ޴ޣſѪڣӶ˫ȭǰͨꡢΧ
ͨͻȻȻߺһҶʦܣ㻤סǣ
žžž
һʱ䣬ӣʮͷ޽ˣÿͷ޴սȻʵˣҲһƣֶ࣬ȻһʱͿԽġ

֪
ʮͷ޴ޣһҶȡᡢνԼĴ̫ϵӡ
ʱ̣Ĵ̫ϵΪ̫ͣ޶֣֮Բμ췣ۣ֮ǳˡ

νˣ
ͷޣֱͫӱŷĿ⣬Ŀ⾹Ȼ֮󣬻ΪĿ⽣ҳŤ״̬ٶȳޣһ׼ȷͷ޴ִ֮ǰٿȻ
Ѫܵͷ­ʱ

һҲչǿͨһеסͷ޹һֻֻȻץһгޣǼ̣һͷϣȻͷ޾޴壬˺ˡ
ĪţｻǴ
ͨϻ֧ԮĴ̫ϵӶһҶȣֻɨһۣҶʵԱˡ

һΣͻȻӵ´ʮɶ೤ĹߣЩ֮߳󣬶˲һ

Ǵ󶼾µĴڣ
ڶɱ֮Ƭ֮⣬ͻȻӰ
ǵΪʦסʥأȵõǼϹ黨⴦ռ䣬Ȼ౦ǳû޲סǣȻٰɱ֣ԷӣֻҪȥˣǾͲǾʥصĶ֣
ãʦֵ˼죡
Ӱĵš
ȰƬֵ⣬Ȼɱ˶ߣ
ͨһ֣ӣۼ룬ͬʱһ磬ΪһɾѳƬǿƳ
ݣ
ͻȻӺһУȻâ
ӣڵֵʱâѸײڶ֮ƣѾ˺󷽡
꾪һ

Σһ̣ҶͻȻ˺󷽣ѾץסĽââӳнâ
һײâ׷¡
ҶʦܣģǸǰ㸺󷽣ĨĨ㺹Ҷ¶οЦݡ
Ҳȫֵν˵˶ԷĵԸңסǣɱǣ
ڲ֪
ͻȻҶ࣬һӰһ񽣣ƺиԼϢͨ޵Ҷȴ̳һ
һʵھˣҶԷΪҲﵽʥ߽λ
ᾪһ׷ʥءӣ
СɱңҶȵЦЦԴ񽣣ֻһ߾룬ӵ£ҶͻȻһӰ
һֹ֣شӾʥظֺĳ

ԭǶԷɱҶȣ֮ȴҶռԷǱ񽣵һ£˺


2098 
ҶɨɨԷǸ꣬ʵҲʥأ
Ӷ񽣣һɹ֮бҶȣͷʮܾе㱾£벻Ԫķ߽֣
ýĶӦң
Ϣ֮䣬νȻ󷽣ûнǻȴһɿ½â
ǡν
νһ֮󣬲ŷ·֪Էݡ
СģӦûоʥظΧ
ʱϹ°ͨնɱߣΪѾɢΧ
ʦãǺǣ벻㣡Ŀ⣬ϣ·类
ʦ֣úýѵͽŭɶ
Ǹ֣
νһ꣬Ȼûн
޵һֻؽǺǣҵҪΪֻһ̤գƶں֮УնһνﵽǷ켫ĸ߶ȡ
ݣ
ν˹ƣӶ۰򣬶Ȼ䣬ָָ⣬棺ָ
žž
ʯ䣬Խƣײһ

һз̫죬ֻʥص֣˺֮νʮִһ
øνҼסˣ
֪겢ûм˼һ
Ҳ³һ㣬һˣȥνû£ϰնɱߡ
ʦֵʵǿ꾪̾һ䣬Ҷȣʦܣȱһɣʥأ
Ҷȵͷ
㲻׷һʥعʥصŵӷʮϤ𣿡
칫һ֮ģǾ֮ˮδйĽʣҲδлᣬ˽׷
ԭˣӷ׷ǿߣλʥЩŲ࣬˵˵ʥأʥҲǿ׷׷ʵǿʥ֮һòϣʥʵҪǿʥأ
ֲţֱӶǳ֣
ղǶδֻ֪ʥһΪнλʵǰ
ʥ۷Ϊжλʵ
ǰǲòϣȷǳԽʥأ֮УҲֻʦ֣ԼҶʦʵԿ
ͣ
Ͳǫ˰ɣ̨֮ϣǶ㽻֣˭ʵȻҲ˵ʵڵģǱػʥһ棬ʱ֮սܵסǾЩͬţ
ͻȻ䣬ɫ쳣ࡣ
ʦˣغͬҶҲò

ҶǼסˡ
޶ɱˣǵñ뾡뿪˭֪ǻ᲻ᷴˣ
յ
뿪Ƭ֣ҲҪžʥذ͵Ϯ
һͬͷͳһȻ벽
һɽ֮С
ʦ֣벻ʥһβμмʵ
ɽһ磬֮Уʥص黨Լٶ֮࣬νǴա
ʱӰΪνֵꡣ
һ𳤷꣬ԵñϹϾ
һž޲֮ʾ£ΪȻĵʥǵõֻ֮ĴһȻҲһЩ˲ţҲΪ棬ѷһı޷ӡ֮УƺҲҪõǼ챦ϢǱɱأ
ǣ
ҲʼϢ
ʥءʶ࣬һҾꡰЦЦδʥصС
һԶ֮С
ʥʮϢ֮󣬾һɱ˶ûشӰ죬˶Ǿյš
Ϣһ֮
˼һηֳҶḺĴ̫ϵӣ밲ͨһνҲһγӪȥֻ߳磬ܵһ硣
з֣
·֮󣬺ȻԺν
ȥֻһ·һ̶̶֮һ⣬΢΢˸š
Ǳ
ʱ˵ʦ֣뷨ʦһͬȥϷ֧Ԯ
ӣֻһΪԼУܴϻ۵һãŰͨҲͷ
ףֻ£ͬûһô󻹻þʥأ
ಣ
νʲ÷£ԼǧĹȵס
ȵ׵ǲǺܴ󣬶ǲ֪ɳĹľȻһȪӣ治ðݣһ⣬ʱʱͷš
㿴޵ĺۼ
ν뷨ͬʱע⵽ȪΧ޵צӡͷǺܾ޴󣬲˿ɲҴ⡣
ʦܶһˮϵͨʦܿȪ
ν򷨶ԼĬˡ
ˣ
һˮ⣬νӿȪȻȻˮСһð
໣
ͬʱһ𣬴һഫɽȶڻζ
ֻһɫƬΰޣӹľ߳ɶߣ׳˶һ֮Уȫͬޡ
ಣ
ϼֳȻһͲˣٴγ֣Ѿ˫צν뷨š
ٶȣ̫ˣ

ҲǳصģԴ߶һס޷צҸԴ߶һϼޡ
ϼʩչ˵ٶȣͻȻһЩϹ⣬Ȼſһ磬һɫԪڵһš
䣡
Ϊ˱νԵڱصã֪ϼ޺ǿ󣬿ɻֱӳȥһԪ
֮ϣͨ⼸ˣɳ̾벻ͷʵ˶١
˵Ǽ챦Ҳ򵥣ᵭЦЦ
䣡
Ȼ䣬һıը·ȵ
ʮ֮ɽȻųֻ̣ν뷨లµķ
ҲûʲôȻǶ˵õģԼȥ
ҼֳӪ
ৡ
֮󣬺ȻһЩ͵ԼɳԵЩš
ףӣƺ뵽ʲôλþۼ
ͨ⴦ռʥ˫ʵǰĶӦþǾʥظŪģƺʲô£򲻻ŪôĶ׾ͷ䣡
ҲǸҲ˵һ䡣
ŲмЦɭɭ˵ʥأػǴƣǾԲŹǣ֮ǰйͬǴƣҲӦ÷Źᣬݺݽѹ
ͬ⣬ȻһսΪǿ
һΣ궼ͬ⡣
Ҷһ̽ʵٶȷŻЩ
νͱɴܵ뷽
Լʱ֮
һֳ˵ʥ£޳Ѩ֮Уһ񷨱ԼʮټʯƷƷʯ٣ܵΧɱ֮УʵԸЩԿǹ˶ãõ֮Ҳᰲȫ


2099 ˭Ҳռ˱
󣬵Ϊ֮һ𣬰ͨһõĻᣬȻǴǾҪùˣ
ĿŲĴ̫ϵϣҪֻ֣˰жʦܡʦܡʦáʦڴ˵ţ
죡
Ҳͷ
˰ѻʤźӢӡ˲һ֮У׼֮롣
䣡
𽥿ïʢĴԽˡ
㹦һƬϯĴǰһᣬνһһͬǰ籩֮С
ʮͷɫޣΧʥߴӣ˱һԲСɽ֮ϣСɽ˸âʯһնɱķޣһʯȥһʱܵõʯ
ڶ࣬޷Ծʥߴ֣谭ǿǿһָΧѾʮʬ塣
һЦ֮֮ϣñĿ⣬ǿԽ󷨺ϻ͵͵Ϯǣ
ҾΣ
޳ɣ
˷׷׵ͷҶҲ֮ͬ⡣
Ǿôֵ󣡡
һͬ⣬ֵʥ֮УһǺܳ󷨣ӱյ֮ͨһ
˵ֿϢСɽʱȫɱۣ·ҪΪȥͬ鱨ҲģԼıߡ
ᣡ
ʥߴ֣Ϊףڵռʯնɱޣ벻֮ǰʥصһУֵˡ
һΣʥؾƣǡĻᣬҲǾʥһĴ⣬͸ʥصļ
ӴӲͬͬʱӡҽӡٶԼһģһɼÿ˶Դֵƿصʮִ졣
ˡ
ͻأ֮䣬Сɽ֮ϣնȻγһɹŤѹ޳ɱ֮УΪһɿµţֱľʯں޷ߴɽϡ
¡¡
Сɽѹһ˽һ˵ıը棬ʯҷɣݺᣬʮͷޣҲЩűըС
ʥصˣɶ񣡡
һŭɶĺͻȻƳһӡϿѹƵǿ˺һǱľʥصӣһһɳ
ǸոշɳΧƯʥŵӡ
Ŀ⣬һ۱ڳꡮϣ벻ɣ
ȷ벻ЩˣˣͬӣδˣֻܵһЩӰ졣
֣׷׶ơ
ͻȻԷ𣬰ֱں󷽣ʥţ͸Ǻɽ׳ƣһϣһϣ
ǾʥصһţѾԽ֮ϡ
̫Ŀˣ
ͨ߳Ҫ׼֡
ǷȴסȻĿͬߣţλʦʦܡΪҪȥȷʵˣȰ˸նɱˣһ˻ܶԿˣ
˭һԷ¶ɱ֮
һЦʥµӣȻȣʲôɽ죬ȴҪǵϣ
ʦ֣뷨Ȳסȥɱˣνǡô߳Ϸ
ʱͬƼӣҧҪɱˣһʱҳ֣ҪͬţһΪʥءǲͬʥصڣ벻
ɱ
νɱ
ŰᡢꡢͨҲɱȥҶɳͬһŴ
ָ
ľ֣Ȼ壬㵣ͬŵҲֻƴˣһˣͷŵӶұۣſָͷſУݺݵץ֮ϡ
¡
öλľǿֲ
ָָӡץһƾȻһ룬һָŷһɱȥ
Сģ
ͻȻ꼴̴һɱͬһָָͬϢȫֻ֮༸Ʈʡ
䣡
ֻǺףһ裬һƣͷָӡײһʵȻ߳꣬йʼ顣
ͣ
Ȼ䣬Ȼſ죬ʱһڱС

ۿܷסСҪ͵Ϯɹ֪ǰһӰС棬˳ȥ
Ц޳ܵļһʥ˲м
ȴںѱСУĪʥˣ֮ǰˣֶΣҪûԸǣǺǣҲֻ֮֮ˣ
콣裡
һνȴϻ߶ֻݺұӿĽ
ȻһӣһĽ·ռϣһ浹ľǽҪѹ
ʵҲﵽһλ߶ȣϧʮʥ֮УֻмҶ֣
ұһһȼհƣռ佣
䡭
շұըνĹȻ޴棬΢΢һ̫С׷š
ɱ
Χˣһͬ߶ֻͨһֻسӣֻ
֣
һε˵ǰ˫֣ȻһѪɫ·ȼգȻ˫ֶźӿֻسӣһֽһѹֻس档
䣡
˫֮Ȼֻسһ֡һֵĺ飬ǱƣòϺˡ
һˣţζԿʥţﵽλ񣬶ʥ˼ʵѾﵽλ߶ȡ
ǳ淨򣬷֮УûνĹƽֻӮԼʤܣ
쳾ƣ
ͻȻ䡣
ۿ޷֧ȥʱһӰֳ֪ߣһƣֻس֮ϡ
ʦܣʱɱɱ
ܵѹˣһӾͻָǿƣ߶ָһָһֱָӵֻس֮ϣֻسӿʼ飬ͻȻֳĸ֣Ȼʥ֣սֵز
νˣû뵽ʥػһ֣һ̫ϵ֮С
Ȼˣ
ǿԳûѹûƢɱ꣬ʵҲȻûôֲٿΪһѹһֱ
ֵʥһҪżˡ
νͻȻ˫ɱȥҪ˲٣ǴЭ飬ռ֮У˫֣Σ
ˣ챾ΣҲҪɱǼˣжû˿ͣ˼֮ǰǲ붯֣ʥҲƼˣа֣ưոݡ
ߣ
ʥһ·Űͨһ֣ͬʱӡһˣ˳û֡
䡭
һը֮ɱԱסʦ֣ˣʥҲ򵥣֮Уûʦľֻ֣ǲ򵥣


2100 ׷ɱ
ǿϧˣɲģݣȻ﷭
Ȱʥʮǿʥأʷƾãûκεʥأȵģ
ߣҺ֮ǰ˸ۣߣϰʦǻָ
꣬˵ӡ
ʱ֮У
û׷
֮УֻҶﶯ
ͨᡢꡢνԼҶȣѾԴ׷ɱȻһҷһʱ䣬ȴӰҲж·
̾׷վ۷ǿߣһ࣬ܲˣ
ν֪ʲô飬ƽʱкβͬͻȻ˵ȷǿϧˣοǳûᣬûгλˣʥأһս
Ҫ׼Ҫôȴһ뿪ҲǶǣҪôֻǽ֣ͨҲԼ
ȷûһˣʵܴﵽλ񣬶һλ񣬷۾ʥأǾȻаӣֻ̫ϵӣʵѾԳԽ֮ϣ
Ե쳣侲ξ̫ҶҪ侲Բߣ˵֮УһˣԲס˫˭Ҳκβ˭
Ǵûʲô
ƺͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ̫࣬ʲôֿԲٿصǿԵֵķâ
ҲǣĿǰֻѡҪҪ
һʱ䣬˶Ĭˡ
ͻȻҶȣʦܣͻȻ㲻ӵлƽںóƽѹأ
ѽƽʣĸ֣׷׿Ҷȡ
νֲһ䣺ʦܣĿǰֻĻƽʣ԰ǣʦΪһ£֮Էʦ뵽һ㣬ĻƽʣԭģˣȻÿ϶вЩӵвͬȼĴڣҪǴ߶Ѷ̫ߣľ˵ƽʲһʥ洫ķ˶ֻ֮ģԶֻ߶ƽʣ
ͨҲ޳飺ʵ߶ƽʣ˵λ񣬾Ǹ߽λҲԵֵ
ʦܣǻƽʵӵߣջȡ㣡νڴʱ˿̣ҲĿҶϡ
ϾǿǴĿõģ
һ˫˫ڴĿ⣬Ҷȴûаԥû⣬ƽһ߶ˣʱʥ̫ң»ʥγɵжԹϵɣ
굱ͬҶʦ˵ļǣȻ췣֮ڲɱǺ£Ҳº󣬻˫ģɱ¼ʥûҲܶǴɱ䣡
ͨһа취ɣǿԱ˾ʥأͲô߶ƽʣǵȲѵʱ١
죬ȥλʦܡʦûϣȻѰұ췣֮ԽĽռ䣬Խǲ
ʾվû֮һͬʧ
Ϣգʮٴ
;вѰұȻǺܶ࣬ÿ˶õһЩ
ھʥһȴڼƻγʥš
ʦ֣ƶָ߰˰ˣҪȫָǲܵģ״̬ʥɱмְգ
֮УʥʮţΧһѣΪס
мʥӣȴаˣѵǲɣѾڽ;Уһ;ﶼᱻǵõȻһҲ᲻ģ֮ʥأʼһɱȻ޷⡭ֻа·
һԵú侲ԥһᣬ˵Լ뷨ʦ֣ǲЩˣǿһռֱȻڶռ䣬ðбﶼչˣһʥҲõһ֣Ҳ˫ɱ
ȴ漥ЦǺܺãȫ棬ǵأװˣ̵ڶռƣɱ˲⣡
һӣ˫ȭһ߬ԣڶԲܾôˣǾʥأʵǿʥأǷԿˣʥЩˣµȥǻ׷㣿
׼ȻѰʥټ
һ裬һЩԥĵӣκηĬĬͬ⡣
һƬʪĴ֮УЩֵĹЩĹӣӲģһЩģƣΧ
ǺǣȻЩԵ󷴶ʴںһγһȥȪ̻ᣬÿһŶǱ
ͨңժΧգҶȵҲһһӶŹɼ
һ·Ȼûеõ˵ıÿ˶õĴ̫ϵӣǵõЩش
֪췣֮ʲô磿
˿̣Ҷȿ޾ĴǰͷҲӦơϢԪʼżӦ޷Խ硣
ˡ
ȻûиӦԼ磬ȴӦ֮͡
Ǿʥصİ˴ӡ
䣬Ҷȱ㿴󷽣Լ״˵ǿϢϿٶ֮죬ʮͻΧɱ
һΧӡ̫ϵӣרעɼע֮ϣӦҲԶʱӦʥŵĴڡ
ȥشıһһôʥز׷Źʮˡ
ҶȶʵԼֶͨεģ˲Σ£ǲᱩ¶֮뵽д߶ߣһռ䣬ѾʱͻȻǷĿռ䣬һͳ
ಣ
Ȼͨꡢᡢν֣Ĵ̫ϵӣۼ
ɱνӦס
ʥأ
˲ԼͬͲ³ɱĳ
ͨ۵ߣһɳռ˵
ಣ
ͷƣĴ̫ϵӣԾٶȷȥ
ӣ
գͱɭɭŭ
ֻʥذ˴ӣٶȸ죬ϾҶȵ˻Ҫչλ̫ϵӣԷȴȫԸ
ʦ㣬Ҷʦһ뿪ҸطغãٻɱǿУĺȻ䣬νһ
ã
ҶһĴ̫ϵӣٶ֮У󷽰շıը
˶ģʥռơ
ʦܣǶץʱ䣬Ȼλʦ֡ʦܾ鷳ˣϴڴ֮Уȫǵġ
ҶûпΣգȻʲôʧҲ޷ʥؽ
Լʮ˾ҵһɽѨӡ̫ϵӱУ۷
䣡
״ֶΪƽأڱը֮еȻ޴棬ɽΪ˳ӱ˵Լʡ
ʮֶһλʵж
ץᣬΧɱǣνʵԸ
ͻȻסһȥ·ν
ΧʥأԶһΧɱͨԼ


2101 С
ռ䶼ƣγɴɱͨᡢ֣ԵΪǱΪҪԾʥΧɱ
Ȼѵģν
ʵȻ
һըֻһָνͷŵֻؽЦЦһ㡣
䣡
һָν֮ϣ֮һ𣬾Ȼѷ졣
ν˵ӦöĹȥڶָȴ޷ܣΪٶԼʵ֮£ܣ޷
ۣ
ν˺һѪ
ֻǶݽ棬Եɱ֮νѾʵδﵽλƲ಻ʵ̫ˡ
ɲǼ䣬ҲֶǿµָȻֻʣʳָһ׼ȷνٴε
νסΣȫâôޱȣͫǽ⣺νգ
ݣ
ʱΪ룬Χռ侹ȻΪ˽
ͨռںϣȫֻؽ
Ȼͣ¹Ѿֻؽ磬ƵֻؽѾϯ

˫һϣһɻ־Ϊ·ȼգγĢư״̬Χɱѹȥ

գ֮ʣѾڱըʱ֮УҲ޷öһ£˫γɵıըѹҲǼв
ֻؽģ
Ǿûᣬ޷޷뿪ըռ䣬ν׼ʱһƣͻȻʧˣȻĳһֻϢĽģֻһߴС̤ƶֻؽĴ
һаλ񣬿ϧм꣬˵Ҳﵽָ߶ȣ֮⣡
֮ɫ֮Уֳδйɱ֮⣬ǰҲһԪƺ
ֻؽĴ鱬ը㣬һԶʱȻ߷ǰǵ˵ĹԪ

ֻؽԪײһ
꣡
Գֻ֮ؽĴӽ⿪ʼشϣ֮ԷԪâҫۡ
νģֲʵŭ
䣡
ǵԪͺֻؽģʣײνţ˶ײɣš
ಣ
֮⣬νɹ֮УӰͻȻֶҶ꣬Ҷͷһ⣬νֻиڴһѪѪ
ʦ֣ңǰʦƵ񵤣Իָкܴô
νڣҶóһ񵤣Ұ£ֿ꣬ν뿪
˵ʱʱ죬ȻѾνǰһɱڵģմӣ
̫꿴ȥˡ
ʦãɱ᲻ã˵ʵòʱҲҵԺһʤȯյģںҶԼνĵĴڣֶֻ˵ģ
ʦ㣡
ҶȲ֪ʲôʱߣ΢΢֮ν˺ס
мĴۣԪĴɽķ֮һҶȣòǧʱ䣬ʹﵽʥ񾳽磬Ǹ˲ţֻ˲ţڽɱҡ֮У
£һԣҶ̹ȻӦ
⸱ӣҾ
ʱԭʧһƾͻȻҶǰɱ
ಣ
ԭԶλҪҶɱϧĴƸҶȱѾˡ
¡
Ǿ֮Ҷڿռ䣬Ļ𻨣ҰڵĿռ䣬ȫ˺ѡ
ǿߣУŸ֪ж¡

ǧ꣬벻ĺҶȶԣһ֮еȻֱɱ֣ǿʵ
ʱνֵѰҶȵ䣬㿴Ҷʧǰ׿ռ䶼˺ˣҶֻҪƬռ䣬Ҳſռһͬ˺顣
Ѿ磬˺ѿռ䣬ͬɽ磬Ҳ˺ɽռһġ

˺ѿռϵһжǾֹģƯһµ߰
ƺԼģҶӵоٶȣҲ޷죬Ѿſռ˺ѣһͬ˺ƬȻ޾֮С
һϰˣʲôνҲҪʦá
ʼˣ˫Ŀ⣬һֱûдŲǺǣʦڴˣĵһ֮һˮ֮
޳ܿͽ겻ݵ
ߣͷţ꣬ǲ֪ʹζɣ¿ĥ㣡
ͻȻŭХһӣһָȥ
ʦã
νסʹ࣬ǰ
ȫ֣ν֮ǰûܵش֣ǿԸʱ
ಣ
֪ʲôʱĳȻٶܵӰ죬ҷʲô֮ʣͷһӰȻٶȷ泬Խվǰ
Ҷʦܣ
һӰ㼤ѡ
ҶȴûлӦӦΪָ֮ǰȴûкˣҲûܣҲΪһܣν鷳ˡ
ף˷ɱ֮⣬޲ðҶȳԵƺҶȻٴγ֣ĳ裺
С
ҶͻȻһͬʱָš
ǣȴûҶ˵ײұϢָ֮Ȼƾվʧڿռ֮Ƶġ
⡭ԼľԼѹ·޾Ԩ֮УûжҲ޷Ӧ
νΪҶԵֵмܣҲ϶Ǵ֪Ȼ׾ͻˣöڷµģʦܣ
עӾƣָ֮УǾһȥأٴα𺳣ȷⲻżȻʵʲôͨ
ʥصӣȻͨҲʥأ֪ߵغļһһ蹷ҧˣѵ֪ǿطâ𣿲ѵ㻹ʥˣ
ֻҶ˵꣬ͻȻһת
ˡ
ɲǼ䣬üĿռǰһϤѵָΪһָȻüĵ
ҵġ㣡㣡㣡
ʱˣȻĹȴ֪ΪΣ֮ǰһĻʧֹð

ϧָٶȣ߷ٶȣѴ߶Ĺǰ˳ȥڰǱطš
ã
꿪ĸߺΪҶȴ
ಣ
ûסӰھղ޷ŵһĻʱһӰȻ֪󷽡
ʱоһ˫۾ڱĶ
ʥʥһͷȻ췣֮ɱҲʥصӣˣԾͿԼѡڤ粻飬ʥ鷳´ΣͲһţ
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻһźһµţȻһŴƵģһžͰ߷ɣǣգײȥˡ
ȫ֪ԼжǱ
֮һӵжλţ޷֮ͱôһ߳ȥ²Ҳ˶ðɣ
Ҷ˫֣ڰͥŲƵģνϿ˿ʤϲá


2102 ڶռ
·ʤԣעġ
κԼǰǿߣᱻһ߿
ɽķߣ
֮䣬ԼνһֱҶǿƶ֮УһӶǣôһ˴ڡ
ɱţʦ㣬Ըõ֣ҶȴǸݣ֮µ½ʦܡ
ǰԵÿʮ㡣
µŪ겻˼ˣҶȺǿأҲ벻ǿװɡ
һţͰֶԶԸľţһŸ߷ˣ
νǸˣʱͬҶȵʵʦܣʵΪַˣ㵹صùǾʥԼʥأ֪ʵλ˭ΪУ
֮ǽƽʵͨȥ֮ʦʦֿԼƽʣŲվͻ̤񣡡ҶȻһйͣƵƽ֮ϡ
ಣ
ͨᡢԼΧһ˺ۣûνǰﵽ˵ز
ͨĵνʦܣ
û£ҶʦܡνҡҡͷҶȡ
û˵Ҷȴ廰ղ˶Կ´߶ƽʣԻƽʵˣô˻ȥ
ƽʹƺҲҶȹҽڵԭ򣬰Բ
Ȼ򣺡ֲþʥЩǿߣлᣬսȥ֮أ֪ͻȻһһĪսȥ
ֵ˺صƣ췣֮ڻָǲõľʥˣ
ãϢһ󣬱㿪ʼѰұŽڶռ䣡ͨΪûоʥвúܾ˵ı
λ²֮ǰʦָƶָкܴõ񵤣ұͨʦһ⣡
Ҷó񵤡
ﻰ
Ҷһһ£㷨Ҳûκ
Ĵ̫ϵӻ֮󣬾ûʤźӢӡ˶ȥѰұѰԼĻԵõľʥأӶϢ֮С
Զ
·Լм֮УһѪģӡ
ϸϸĻǿó
Ϊʲô
죬һֱûжһ£·ʧȥ˶־һ½ӣŷɽꣿΪǿΪǰڷӢӷǿϣһСϣ
ʦ
Ӱ֮Уһʥصӡ
ҵҰӷ֮в͵󷨣Ҹ²񵤡
ʦ֣ôһ£ʥ֮Уѵ˳ʦ֣
ָһЩ֮ӷ׷Χ
Ȼܵ䣬ǿڵǳ˴ʥ֮Уǿ붼벻νҲ꣬ǡɽķߣҶȣ
ҶȣŴ˲ŷ缸ǧꣿôܣڼǧ̤꣬ʥ񾳽磬Ѿδй漣
ǰ̫˼ˣ
֮ǰʮһϵǿżȻʮͷľҶȣõʥһǷķڼ꣬迿ӵͽλ̤߽λʥʦ֣Ҷȴ߶Ǽ˵㣡
ӿʼϽһˣǵҶЩš
֮ǰˣԼʵǷ𣬴ˣʥȹȥ
˵ʲôԸȥ֮ҲԶ뿪ָ
ʵ֪ʲô飬һǾţһǸոð½ˣڶ
֮
ʥʮӣžۼһ⼸֮УĴ̫ϵӶջ񲻴һȥһΪͻͽ
νҲָһ룬˶ָò࣬Ȼֱ֮ͦ
;ַ˲ٱ٣ԹΪҲ֪Ǻεȸ߼磬κ֮࣬κһóȥ
ʲô
֮ۿҪľͷһ۵СϿ֮Уոշɹͷ꣬ͻȻͣӡ
˷׷ΧһͬϿһŻ׵ߣһЩ·ȼյ
Ǿ
ӶǼĴڣо˵ף˭ûһʥŽҲγĬ
һͬϿȣװҶӦһɱԴ֮Ϣʮ֮͸
̫ˣ
˵һŻϵ̫ѵˣһɶǻϵԴеĴڣֻ췣֮֮ڣӵеĴڣ
ϵԴ
ҶҲˣҪռбӤУҲҪʼӤУҪбʱôŻϵֵ̫ʱˡ
ּ֮£һͷƻޣ·С

ͻȻһУڵн硣
䣡
һ¾Ͱѽ俪ĻسҪɱ˵ģǼǰ¸֣ĵ뿪Ͽȡ
ͷ޲򵥣ʶѾ൱죬󣬱ռ䣬ǿĴڡ̾̾
ಣ
Ĵ̫ϵӣΧûп˼ӣȻʼժ
Ĵ̫ϵһ˷ֵһҶȵÿ˷ֵһ˶Ͼȷֵġ
ֵ֮󣬴뿪ϿȣǰС
ʥعȻʶ࣬ЩطûƻĺۼʥӦںˡ
һ·˶ûʥأҶӵлƽʣˣǻ˭
Լº󣬴һͨڰա
뿪ռ䣬ռͨʮϲ⣬ͨʥɱҪ߳Ƭռ䡣
̤֮ͨ󣬾ɫˣһƬȫʯĿտ磬ǰԶһɳٲƬʯռң˼˼ʥϢ⼸ʥؿʧأеֻʣˣеĶˡ
󲿷ʥȥˣ
Ȼһ̤ڶռ䡣
ơϢƬռţȥڶռ֮СиӦϢƬռ䣬ǸӦˣϧ˲
ҲϢһᣡ
磬ڵڶǰҲ֮УʼϢ
Ҳ֮м亡ǣ˲һԪˣǰμߣҲпǺǰ췣֮ʱĺǣϾڣõ췣֮ۡ
Ȼ˶εɱȽ췣֮۵ģǿǰ췣֮ΧռıѶһգռ䣬޷̤롣
Ϣ֮
ʥЩҲˣ
ʱصҲ㡣
νָа֮࣬Ѿһʱ࣬ǲٴ棬ȻѰʱҲýڶռ䣡
߳Ҳ㣬ǰŵڶռ䣬һƬĴռ䣬֮ǻʥ
Ӳпɣ
ͨ̾̾
ˣʮ˻Ŀᶨ໥һ໥ȻһͬĲ̤ڶռ䡣


2103 µĶѪ
̤磬·̤޾Ԩ
һ⣬ߴҰ
ǰȻǳɽ룬Լ߼ʵɭ֣Ϊͻǣ֮ϣȻ̾һŨаϢ·ơ
ÿӦ֪ռڣпаڡ
ٿΧҲûмʥӰӣҶԸӦԶΧɽ֮Уӿ
һһɣ
ͨ˿һۣұԥɽ֮УϿվа˭Ҳ׿ֻܵͿշУһҪѰұ
ȾңȾң
ͻȻ䣬һɽһ΢ĺ
ʮ˶һΧҿɽֻһƬ֮У϶
ܼȣҲҪŵ㣬֪ǲ壡Լ
Ͼ˶ʥأţҲȣҲͬ⣬ȻɰͨԼȥ
˺ܿ棬ǰ֣˵ͷ֮֮С
ȻǲԼ಻ֲ֪ţԽԽ뼸ףһŮӣͷɢһ˺ۣԱߵ¼Ѫģʬ壬۶޷ϡ
ôˣŮϵĵۣӦʮԪʥءɻŮӣһδȻ
ͨ̾ԪʥصĵӣǵǲˣΧЩʬ壬֪ķʥصĵӣ
ңȾңԪʥصӣǼᱦȾңòŮӣʼͨȡ
ʵ飬ͨĿ϶ʦܣǾȶˣԪʥʥعϵͬӦ໥
ǾͶְɣ
Ҳͬˣžɰͨһ߹ȥһֹΧԼͻ״
ģʥصӣ
ͨһŮӣʬ壬ǶǿòһѪɫ֪̣֮ܲͻȻͨһݻɣŮʵıΪǶˣ㷴ţ
Ůӳ˼£ҵı֮󣬱һɱңϧһûһϢǰװȻǿʼ໥ɱ֪;УɱһЩµѪ֣ЩѪûòģû٣˵û٣ҲУѪֻһֻۣɱˣֱöЩ˵
ԭˣ
ͨȻûмӿ죬Ǵɻ֮ûа취ŮǰһУ·ҪŮӡ

ͻȻǿŮӣͻȻһԾٶȣŤһ²סͨ
ͨһֻסԼģһѪ֡
ϵˣ
ͬʱŮӷɭɭвŮЦȻŮͷƤ뿪ʼ룬һûͷѪܵѪɫͷͷƤ֮¶Ѫɫͷ­Ůǰ㡣
Ȼֻһֻۣ
ҲͻȻ仯һΪǶѪ֣ʵ̫ģ̫ˣʦ֣
ݣ
ͨ˸飬ҲѪŵĲᣬعһһնѪѪ֡
ۣ
һȥըѪ֣ƻճڰͨϣʵ˶Ѫ֡
ͨٴζԶѪֱ嶯֣Ĺ֪Ķ֣ͻȻһѩ⣬ȻͨȻʼѪɫͨ죬һ翪ʼ죬ðͨʧȥ˸Ӧ
ʦֵţ
һɱֳһ񽣡
ಣ
ͬʱΧߡʬ塱ͻȻҲը浮һ˸߲ĶѪֱ֣򵥵Ľʽᡣ
ͣ
һӣһâѼͷѪնɱˣȻǿ󣬵ǼͷѪֱ֮ǰһɹѪ
Ҳû£һЩѪĲӡֱϡ
Ҵһ壬ͨһ࣬Ӷ񽣣Ѫնȥ
ಣ
ͻȻΧЩͨնɱĶѪ֣ŰᲱӡֱϳһЩѪɫƣȻָˡ
ʦܣйŹ֣˵Щϵ䷨ͬ綾һһ䷨ʩ޷룬ҡ뿪ͨȻƺʲôѾֱۣҪʧȥ֪ʱһ
ʦ֡
᲻̾һӲͷƤա
ֵǣոշǼͷѪ֣ҲһͬŵðἴͣѪҲͣ
ʧɫ·뼸ͷѪ֣ϵһ𣺡ˣʦ֣ѵҲֵ䷨
ɱɱɱ
ͨҲû˰취߶УǰǶѪ֣һȥʱѶѪֺһ⣬ұۣûκα仯ͬʱǶѪ⣬Ȼʼ䶯·ѪҪ
ͣ
֮УӶ񽣣һ׾նɱ˼ͷѪ֣Ѫʬ׹棬ᵱߣǶѪָȥ
ҵĲӡ
ŷҲֲӻʧȥӦһֱۣȻʼ簲ͨһѪ죬ȴʧȥ֪
ǲܻȥˡ
ͻȻʲôŹ䷨ѪȥѪҲȥţѪҲţʧȥ֪Ȼ˶ãǾͻ᳹ʧȥ֪Ҳͳʬ壬Ѫ
ǰһȥһ䷨ʦ֡ʦܣǡͨҲģֲͬʣܲԸʵϾֵÿʵ
ǿ뿪ǻ䷨ˡ
Ѿû˿취ʧȥ֪Ҳֻе
λʦ֣
ͻȻҶȻΪһ裬ֶһԼѪ֣·£ȱģ˵
ͨҡҡͷʦĪЦˣ뿪ɣΪ˲䷨㣬ҵбҲ㣬϶ˣǧҪⴥռĹŹ⣡
ǰʦܣ߰ɣҲҶҲˡ
ξȥԴңʥضҵĶ
Ҷ̬Ⱥܼ˿ûȥ˼Ŀ⿴ưͨѪ֣ѪһɲǣҶȾһĪĸоˣЩѪôһ֣޷ĸо
ǶѪ˻Ƶ˵и࣬ҲҪͬɣȻҪҿƣձҶȡ壡
ʦܿߣͨұۣѾΪѪ죬ûа֪ұնɱѪֻ֣Ҳ󴦿ʼ
ʦ֣˵һϣʦܵõһֵıԻһЩԪЩ䷨ҲΪҪһԣ
ҶͻȻһͬʱָŶѪһץѪ־ͱҶ׵ѹסȻͨǰ
ͨҡҡͷʦܣԼЦ
Ǻǣ˵ʲôЧ
ҶȹóΪӣʵҪ߶̫һơ䷨ʮ١Ŵΰޡ
߶һƲֻϢ⣬΢΢زסͨұۡ
ȣ
ʱ㷢˸ʴѪұðһɿµа䷨ҪҶͷŵ⣬ʮֵͣƺҲҪҶһͬơ
һĻ밲ͨ麹ֱðͨʵڹⲻȥʦܣ㣬㣬ʵڲоϷǲμ췣֮ʱ׼


2104 ʥ
ɴһɼͨжĵ
ҶһɹҲҶʧܣȻȴְҶһˮ
Ҷȴģӵʮ١Լ̫һκаնᱻںϡ
ȣ
ʺֵ̫һϱɣҶȵƺܿ챻ѹ
˻˻
ͻȻ䣬ʴʧȡ֮һˡ
ֻ̫һʼѹʺϢУɲǼ䣬ͨұʺɫʼһʧ
ɹˣͨһĻʱ쳤Х֮ͫзʪ⣬ɼϣжôС
̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
һİҲ˿ָֻš
ҶԵأЦʮ񣬵ûǰ£ҵ̫һȻصһ
ɹˣҶҲһ֤Լ֤̫һãã磬Լϵʱ֮У̫һȻǰԵġ
࣡ӡͷѪ֣Ƶģڷӡţ·ҪɱƳҶնɱ
ᣡ
ҶȴһӡʱâסͨұۣǰѪҲ䣬Ҷͷž£ճ˻ҽ
ʦ֣ûˣõЩ
Ҷȶᣬֶͬοʼᣬա
ɶʰ㣡
ָɵİͨŭգڶѪϣ֮ǰҶȴ߶𣬰ѪճɻҽҲʩչǱӡסĶѪ֡

ȻãѪ汻ȼգһֻ飬ţҷ񣬵ܿͻΪһƬҽϻǲаֱ͸֮£֪ȥ˺δ
һ֮£ְͨΧЩаϢѪҲһͬջˣ˵ù
žžž
֮УͷѪͻȻʧȥʲôƵģӰյ档
̧ͨͷһԭǰϵĹаѱҶȻ⣬ֲͷѪһɻˡ
ͷѪ־ֱͨɱ£ͨɲʡ͵ĵƣһƬ˾Ѫֱ㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
ҶأЦɱĺãɱʹ죡
ʦܣ㡭ǿɶˣͨһǰҶȵĸмѾ޷Ա
ҲޱȣⱲҲǷ飬ʦܣʲô£ֻҪߺһʦ־˵֣
ҶԵúȻݣԽ͵ʵ뿪ʥ֮ǰʥضԵиⶣҪά֮ͬ꣬ôҿŽһ𣬽ˣ뿪ʱҪжˣҷ֮£λʦ̫ˣ
֮Ļ˵Ҳûãʦ˵һʦʲô£Ƕ˵
Ҷ˵ϣͨھޱȡ
ص߿գΧ֪ΣգͨѾ˵һ飬ôǧռʣҶΰǵģֻһ¡
Ҳûϸϸʣν̾ѪԶԸǶҪСģ
ٴǰǼκ쳣֮Ҳȥע
ƺǡʥصӣ
ֻʱ֮ǰͻȻ䣬ǰһ󶯾ͨһȥ̾ͻԵú⡣
ʥأ
һʮʥأҹϵʥػ㲻֮࣬ɫ֮жһѵõĸˣ췣֮֮УŽ׷ʥأУͬʮʥأǸоֲһˡ
Ȼ˵ȻպþλҲÿأֱӷɹȥкȻٳϵԣǼ˲Ҳύ𣿡
ðɣ
һҲ޳ɣǰȥ
ԽʹıըʥǣȻҲʲô⣬Է֡
ǶѪ֣
ʱᶸȻ󾪣ΪǷ籩ͻȻּͷѪ֣ײеɱ籩֮С
ʱһ·ܴ͸ģȫӷ籩֮дʥλʦ֡ʦܣԱʩԮ֣
һᣡ
ᶼˣʥعϵֵĻνû֮ģһ̹Ȼż
ɣҶʦȥһˣȺ򣬷ҶʦӵжԸѪֵľ飡ͻȻԼҶԱߡ
էȻҶվһ𣬵Ǹһֲĸо
Ҷȿŵ㣬òҲرӢҲ׳˶ؼûǿƣҪжƽжƽ
Ȼͬ£˸ųƮʣòԼʵǶһ޶ģоҶȾһͨˣǸ߸ϵĹ
˾޴Ҳܵˡ
СģֻĬĬͷ
˾ͷϯصķ籩ֻҶ籩֮ǰֻΧɢһЩѪֵʬ壬籩֮Уʵսγɵ
̤Уﵽ˽λʥ£ͽλʥ̤룬ʱͻᱻɱͷҶ޷ʣ¡

ͻȻһѪӰʹ·ɱһͷѪ֣ǶϢĸӦԽ
ۣ
һâȻӶѪֺ󷽣϶£һΪ
ȶ˳֣Ѫ־ͱնɱˣͬʱ꾪ϲٻӰʦã
ֻһλ۵ĳŮҲʮӣһʥصһţҲʮ˶֪ĴŮ
ʦ㡭Ҷʦܣ
¶ϲЦݣǰҶʱһƺ벻ҶȻ֡
ƺ˼ֻ֣ȻʵΪҲЩѪֵ壿
ü𣺡һλʦܸպ붫ʥصһ֣Ϊ֮ǰͻȻһ仰Ҳû˵ͶպѪֹ֮ǰʥЩ֣һͬԸѪ֣ǶѪԽԽ࣬ţ뿪ˣҲһӣһѪֿƣ롭˭벻ѪԽԽ࣬λʦҲֲ֧סˣ䡭һ¾ʧλ֣
ѪҲˣʵˣȴһаͨԿһƣվͻᱻѪֶʦĪպλҶʦܣ֮ǰλͬţѪһ氲οᣬһߵҶȡ
ƺţһ½ӣͣ
ȻʥæˣǻŽŽɵ̬ȣҶȷս롣
ֻһ֮УʥصɱѪ֣ƺҲ֪ѪжֲԶԶ̹
ڷ룬ʮͷѪˣ룬һеѾȫѪߣֻԼԴԵʹޱȡ
λʥظ֣ʥصţİ񣺡ʦ㣬Ҷʦܣ
Ҷȴʱ˳ȭλʦȹ
ಣ
ֵӣ˷䣬ԱߣΧʮͷѪֿʼ׷
Ҷʾ˺һЩֱֶʮͷѪ֡
ʦ㣬ʵΣܶԸѪǲܣһ˰ȥʱԵ쳣ģɲǵҶȣǵĸʱ䣬λͬţȻ·һ


2105 Դɳ
ỳɵһ仰ʳʥ֣Ҳɻޱȡ
ЩߣҶȲȥԷǷҪ˻ɣҲ֮飬ЦЦҶʦܣ
شȻü⣬ٴһͬҶȡ
ֻɷĶʮͷѪ֣ҶͬͥŲһ㾪šֵ˼ҲûС
£ٴɻҶͷŵļƣ̫ƶֲſܾ߱ģѵǹ򾲣
ҿɷĶѪ֣ҶҲ޴ԼȥɣԸԼ֪ǳ
һʱ䣬˺治ѣ꣬Ҳ۾
ಣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʮͷѪѾɱһǰҶȻûгֵ˼ⷴŪú󷽼ˣޱȡ
ڴʱͻȻҶΧһ𣬲֪ҶοƵģͻȻһͬˮжѪ֡

֮УѪʹࡢĺҶǰ棬ֻʧʮͷѪҲˡ
ȻǱҶ׾پնɱˡ
ʥ֣⣬ĸ۾ֱֱģ𺳣̫ˣ
ǻûǵСž˼пЦͣҶΪʥˡ
䣬һƳԱߵᣬҲھ֮У˫ͷųӫ⣬þýҶ޳Ӱ֮ϣ޷Ų
ʦã곢Իһ
λعȻһǳǳ죬Ȼָɫ벻ҶʦҲնɱѪ֣ԣף
˻𼸷԰
ʱ˿̣ҶѾ룬ʥеӣѪƣͻȻһ
ۣۣۣ
һԻõӰͻȻƹжѪΧţһͷͷѪֺȻء
Ī
ҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͳеǰеӷ·ǣţҶȶüģһָ
һӡͨѴеյĹаӡ֮ͨУʱΧսγɵʼʧ
ಣ
ᣬԼ̸ƯΧԤжѪɱ
Ҷһž޲еڵаʵҪа˵̫ףɲֵùףҲ̫ˣܻѪаѾˡ
䡭
ͬʱȻ·棬һЩײеĶѪ֣Ƿ·ڵ³˯һϢͿ԰ǻѡ
ɱ
ΪҶ˵ӻÿһ˶ǿɱ
ָһһףӰնγһԲԲ̣Բ̲һף׼ȷһͷͷѪ֣Ѫֵͱ׻ûΪ顣
᲻ɫˣʵҲΪ£ʵֲ٣ֻ΢΢ѷɫˡ
޷ҶȣȴԵüΪɣҲΧһֶΣǿˣᣬһŽλʥΪϾҪ̤ʵﵽ˶λ£췣֮֮Уվ۷Ĵڡ
ϧѪͷŵ䷨Ҳ޲ߣ
ᣡ
ХҶͷһƿѻָʶȻԱһ֣סꡣ
ߣ
ȷ߿գһһɳͻȻѰյԲ̣һ顣
꣡
Բ飬ʱΪף·棬Ƭһʱ䶼Ϊ棬Ҳû߿գȻǰɽӶȥ
֮һƬɭϿգɾδɢѪֵȻӽָ˲˿
ҶʦܣʦʥأлȫͻȻһҶǰ峺Ʈ˫ֱͫҶȣβסҶȵ࿴
ʥأ;໥ʲôҶȱȭӣͱò
ʦãλʦ֡ʦܣǻҪͬŻϣʹݱ𣬴Ҷౣذɣ
Ҷһۣʩ֮󣬵
벻Ҷȣżǧ꣬ʵȻﵽĪ߽λʥ񣬿֮ǰնɱôѪֵģʵжǿ󣿡
˭֪أ֮βʧ֪жء
߰ɣλʦܻϣ
Ƴһ֣Ȼżеӷһࡣ
תۼ䣬Ҷ˻ϣҼȥ
һʱСУûж˼ѰٷţȻǰգͻȻϯһɫɳ
ʲôʣǿҵıԴϢ
νӽɫɳ̾
ԴǴδй¼ı˫¶ĹѾǽɫɳ޲϶ᵽ֡
ɳȷټıԴʺϹɾУ
Ҷӽɫɳ뵽һˣɾ
ɾںԪĴɳɽڣҶնɱǬùɾںǬ޼֮
޼֮ɳں֮ùɾѾԪγԼ֮
ǰֵĽɫɳ籾ԴһɾӵеĻʵġ
ͨˣԴκεطǱ֮еı˵ȻᣬǲܷŹƺɳˣв٣Ǽ֮Уȥ˾㹻ˣ
ʦȥֱӱ̬
˶ûõɳ֮ҲָˣȻɳʧİա
ҶȵɭڲϢȴ˻
ʥظҲˣ
֮⣬ʮ໥ɱ·һɽɽһ߰׹ǣӰ׹ָ䣬ӿӲӵɳ
̫ãΪʱ̫ԶĴҲʼʧȥ飬ŵڲıﲻܿƣ׷ѷɳ
ʦ֣ʵǿңȥɳڻ㣡
ῴ򷨶˵
ͷɽһռɳǿߣͷһ

һᵲ£һɳ봢֮УֿʼɽΧҲмһɱһɳ
Щֶʮǿݺݴ
ҧҧ磬ʼѷΧ֣һ𿪣һעȻ˶Χ
ڷʵͺǿ󣬴ﵽһλλ֮䣬ʥ֮УʵѾν󣬴߶ٶȣɳɽΧֶ롣
ʥص
ʱǼӰ
·һЩ֣Ϊ׵ĳ꣬¶ɵɫ
׷Ķǿߣ
ûκģ
ʦ֣ˣ㿴ʥҲУ
ԭҲҪɳģϾˣҲǰϻһ˿ԵֵģҲ֡
ɵ˼ʱȴ¶ԥɫһͬȻϣٴʥؽ֡
ɶ񡭡ʥأʥأŰɣܻҵᣬñһѩǰܣȻŤͷʹż˷ˡ
̫ˣΪ֣˻ƽʵİƻδָмɵ
˿Ͼʵ̫ˣԷ뿪뷨ӿٶȡ


2106 񷨱
ˣ˴һҵʹػȫ֡
ڵȴ֮еҶȣΧ¶ƿأʥظֳȻҲ֪֮ǰ׶ʥس֡
һǶ˵ʥʲôʱһѩǰܡ
Լ֮󣬷῭飬òٱԴɳһһ˷䣬ǶȻࡣ
֮ǰõһ֮ʵνƲϺתٴռ
ˣ
֮ۿҪﵽƬռ価ͷƺϡܼܶɳٲʮ˷ɹһ޳ϿʱͻȻÿڶһ
ͬʱһν̾Ͽ֮Уʥأǰμͬš
ȻˣǾҪͬʬǴȥɫ˵
ȥ
һͬϿȣ֮ԽӦһֻϢϿ֮˸ƬϿȣȻγɣ·ǿ߽֣иġ
ϿȵײһݴߺǰرϵҲʴΪֻϢݡ
ָͨһߺǶʱӷзһ̺Ϣһģһָһö䣬ͨһۣΪ˲ӰѺֱԼĴ֮С
걻һߺͻȻ㵵ߺǵϢƺʥأ
Ŷ
һ벻ʥȥϾʮճ˵췣֮۴ӳ֣໥ɱһ¶Ŷԣǡ
ͷ׹ǣ̾̾ȷʥصĸ֣̫ˣϿΧضպߺ¶㣬ǸӦ
ʥظֽ֡ȱͬţڵʱҲһϧȴ
ͺˣ
ͨͻȻ뵽ʲôСռȻ췣֮ͨΧ󷨣ɱΪ˲ˣʱʥصͬţԼʥصǿߣ뾡취ҵʬ壬ʥأϧȴʬ
пҲ˶Ѫֵ壡һ
ͨŷҲпܣΪǶ˶뿪ռʱⷢʲôԲ˫˫ʬҲ˵Ƕı·
ʦַ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ջôԵֵġ
˵жѪ֣Сģ
Ȼ뷨ɢĴ̫ϵӷϰգʵǶѪֶ֡
ΧŷߺǵĵطȻʼӡ
ͻͻͻ
һںϣַ棬濪ʼ𶯣ȻһСиһһ㱻
ʲô
֮İա
ʮӰ羡ͷȻǰ΢΢𶯵һӣӵвӦһ𶯣ȻҲ׷׸ӦȻϸ΢
ʲôھƬռûжγɵɱٺ٣ֺ¶ˣ뿪ڶռ֮ǰǻܵõߣ
ȸӦӣһͬǰʣžŴ֣Ϣ˹ȥ
ͻͻͻ
ֻڲͣٿ⣬һи㣬ǲͷ̫͵бҲ˵ǱˣϾʥʥŶɼж಻
ԶĿ⣬Ͽ·һһʦ֣ЩۡҹŽʥأ
ǵȷҹŽʥأʮЩ֮УλŮӣҵй֮Ե
ꣿǹŽľŮȻҲȥ
ְнš
ǸӣĿһֱ꣬ͻȻĿƿΪһײϿ֮΢΢
Ȼз
ķ㣬иһڶʱһ⣬ո͸֮Уͷײ÷顣

νָһһ㣬ʱ¶һӲӵıȻа֮С
Ȼһһλ񷨱
񷨱
𺳲ѣȻһ񷨱ռ䣬񷨱ڣǲţΪһ񷨱
ɱ
˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻӰɱʮӰ
СģӦһʱĴ̫ϵӣǶԷһٶ̫죬һк˺ϡ
ͣ
ֻһУĴ̫ϵķ磬ͳͳ飬ݺǺ´ĿĵѪۣ˶ʧȥ
ಣ
ּʱݲǴϢΧһҶ˳ɱȥ
񵤣
ҶȻһץһϣȻֱ˷һ񵤣ԼԪ񵤡
ʤźӢӡȻ֮ӣֻ񾳽ڵǿߣΧȴʥǿݺ磬ܿ⣿
ˣʥػǸĸ̫ϵӣΪľǾĥ֮վɳֻΪνͨ־ӡ
Ǿʥ̫ˣ
ΧţһԶڰŭһԷ
ʥأŽĴǵһʥأȴҲǰĴڡ
ӣν֣νδָս˿ȻӵĶ֡
ӵЦҾʥصģʥʶ࣬óǿɲɱϵıΪ˱ǰװɥ𣿡
б¾ʩչͻȻһ
Ƴһ꣬ڨڨЦʦã޴꣬ǿԺúôϥ̸
ǾʥصĽ
ʱҶ̫ϵ֮һŮ̾
ʦã֪ʵ
һȥŽʱŽĵţ֮һڹŽ̫Ĵ˵һ㣬ֵһ֮ʣͻȻ콵һ֮⣬һ壬ʱͻԣһԾǧ꣬ͫӡһЩƣڲʱ䣬̤ʥ񾳽磬̤˸߽λʥҸΪ
ô˵ǵõ˴˵֮У
ʮ֮˾ţǰԼ֮ӡ
ԭˣ
˺һ̾Ϣ޷ƽ֮ǰײԹŽµǿߣһУ̫˳ˡ
𣿡
ػǰҶȣһֱûͷƣһ仰Ҳû˵ڿʼѱĽ
龻֣
ʹ߶ͨʼӦڵõҶȱػӦ
ۣ
һͻȻһӰƶռ䣬͵ײν֮ϣֱӰνˣһѪ
ֲʵǿϢԭˣңҲ㵹ù췣֮ڣûʲôʥԼͬڣֻеõһУ
ڴ˴߶Ƭռ䣬Ҫûնɱν
ݣ
ͻȻһΪķɱ֮һն

Ȼֹ˽ĹֻԱ߼ʱ֣Ϊνǰ鷳


2107 ƵϢ
ʦ֣һͬԸ
νԣͷǿơ
ãͬʵνƣѾǳս
ˡ
ͬʱ
ڴ߶龻ָӦҶȣԺͻȻһŴ֮ڣһöҲһͬ
ȻƵϢ
öҶڽʻʳնɱ˽ǿߣõǿߣƵ򣬵ʱõΪ˻ӽҶҲͷ
Щ꣬һֱŬУȻҲڼƻʵҪȥѰƶҲҪȥַ
˭뵽ھȻڽϣƵϢ
ôһ£
ֻܸӦҪŪһУѹҪŪһУҪӽ֡
֮ϣν֣˾Ȼʩչʥѧ֮һޱ֡
ޱˣȻһʱ侹Ȼ״̬
ǽ򵥣һֱûд߶ڣصҲδʵȫչͨ״̬ѾᡢνֶԿ
ٳ𣡡
һ֣νʵҲѲڴ߶Ծʥشͨһɹɿ»ףΪ籩ʱϯν
̫ˣ˷ܰѷյòϼᡢνֵ̫ס
콵
νͬʱӡϿգҲٳһɻˣٳʼԿ𣬿ȷöԿ취
ǷٳȻռݾƣϰڲɣνܿٱΧľء
ۿ˾ҪҶͻȻһո֣λʦ֣ٹʦУ
ʲôȻֱҶȵĴڡ
ã
ν֪ҶʵףȻ޷Կ˶ʱͷȫƿһӣ֮г
кεȱ£ҶԸˣҲûдôţȻŹˣ˺ûᣬǳǿеʱҶȴڵգɤߣȻȻƽ
ǿߣôݵƣ統Ϊһڶ˾ʥӣһȥʥؽ˴
ҶץסЩ֮ӵĸԣܴռȻ
ȻһʱŭˣֶԸԼνҶɱ
ҶȿΪ˲Ĵ̫ϵӣѽϿȣȻԶȺɽ֮С
ٶȣʲôɱ㣬Ȼٻȥɱʥˣӳ⣡
󷽣֣ƳҶβӰЦЦȫںҶһ߽λʥߡ
ʱգԾٶ׷ȥ
ֻ
һƬȺɽ֮УڼеҶȣͻȻںһֱ֣һͷޣɱ
䣡
ְѿռץ𶯣Ϊ췣֮۽磬ڲռ̫ǿȻռ䣬ѿռץ˺״̬
ǽ˵ʵ
Ҷȴ߶ٶƣشץסʱһ֡
벻ٶͦһ߽λʥٶܴﵽ˽λŽλͥŲٶȣȻƬ̾׷Ҷȡ
ҶҲͣʵӿҶӽõ
ô
ʱӽϣ޵֮ӸЦַӣ֪ӵζ㲻֪Զ֪ҽעΪߵԼԪʼ񡭡ϣֻҵ̤ʯ
ȷ屻ΪĴڣ嵮磬ŵִ࣬໹嵮塣
֮˶Ϊ
˶Եģ˻ӽõҲֻӵһ˿˿ʲô
ϻˣɱ˵
ͻȻӶұۣץһƳһۣ·Ҫסһ֮µϡ
䡭
ʱһĳգ۵ƴ߶ѾɱҶǰݲҶ˿ӦᣬٶҲʩչ
Ҳ˵ʵ̫
ȣ
˵һĻˡ
󣬿Լƣ׼ȷԾƻҶţҶȷʱ飬ȻƾȻҶȵţҶȱ󣬻Լȼյָ
Ц
ոЦЦЦˣΪԼƣ䴩ҶȵţȻκεѪ
Ծ̫Ծˣ
ŷ֣ԼΧȻҲһƮĻ㣬ҶȵѪ⡣
Լ޷ţȻ͵ջ֣֮Ҷ˳ȥ
ԼƣȻûһѪȻֿҶȣҶžȻû˿˺ۣҶҲһģҾһ
޷ͣʶ㣬Ҳ벻ף̾㡭㡭
ҶȾӦ֮ܲɣҲ֮һһСɣԸպùˣ
Բѣ꣬Ϊأƽ˶һ˽⣬ʵʥÿ˶й˽⡣
ҶҲУ֪ҶǷߣҷҲûж꣬ôܴﵽ̶ֳȣ

һΣִֿͨʼȼգգۣɱҶǰֱƣһƴҶȥ
˹ƣҶȾȻվý𲻰ĸԹһ㷴Ӧģ
䣡
ֱӴҶȥԴȻ°ҶӦ˲ŶԣǽƣоҶȵĻӰƵģӰĹȻȱ
ôܣִοԼƣĹҶ壬Էһëû˵޷ţ޷͡
Ӥɳĸ߶ȣ⡭
ⲻ֪Ҷȿʲôûʵ߶˴ͨǾӤںϣԷӴʱʵһӤںϣҶΪһ֮κЧġ
˳̶ȣҲҶȵϣ֪Ӥÿ仯ܾˣ벻˾ˡ

ȻҶֻһƣʯ䣬ڽ޷Ӧ£һƾţȻ˼£Ͳܶһ㡣
ʵһУѾ֪ҶȵʵԭԽ
Ѿҵϡ
Ҷȴ֮ǰǰ𾪣δΪܵţ˿ݣĮʵˣ⣬һ֪ͬҵʵڶ˽õ
һֱڰϻ
ҧгݣǸްȻ󵱼֮ԱǣõҵΣ㣡
ң㿴ˣ
һץҶȾȻǧµץһͷѪ֣һ㾪㤵Ưڽǰ
㡢㡢㲻Ѫ֣Ѿ벻Ҷȵжǿ
ҶȴʱޱȣȻǲ£պпƶѪֵҲ㲻ӦҲ֪ѪֵӡжңᱻѪһУữ֮һ㣬Զ


2108 Ƶ־
ҽɱôˡ
ЦֹȫûƵģѵһȻ췣ۣ֮׼³
ܿĿҶû뵽ˣмְǵġ
ǣɲ˶еģ˲ԽƻҶȵǲ뵽ҪϣƵȥ
ಣ
֪Ҷٴη֣ʮͷѪִ·ɳһӾͰѽΧſµۣ̰صŽ
Ȼ㲻Ҿͳȫ㣬ȻҲףôѪ㣬Ӧζܲ
Ҷ˺󼸲һ֣һֱƿʮͷѪ֣˽

һҽУ˵ûģѪֵѪ֣ʼ˺Ѽ⣬ıѾ֮ǰǸʲô£ģʹš
ҶȸֶɵͻȻĻһ̤磬ұΪ˾ĥѣټʶѪеˣ;л׹һߣеӵоŻߵ˽죬ۿɹԼֻһ֮ңһ֮ңϧһһˣж٣һɹ֮ӣ
˵ˣ˵ˣ
һʼѪߣϰһ޷һ£Ҷȵļ·𴥶ÿʿĵطѾʼų⡣
ʵ˵Ĳ㣬Լ㣬ǴӷһУ̤ɽ磬̤磬ΪԴߣļ㲻⣬˵͵ںŽף
һƶݣɼʶ̫Ҳɱ˲ٵߣҲףɱ뱻ɱĳЩʱ޷ѡģǿѡһԼĵ·ҼвףϾҪ̤Ҳ뿪췣֮ۡ
˵ˣ
˵ҵģģ㣬֮ǰи˵˵ʵҲ㲻ܱЩĪͱɱ˵ʿ˵Ķ࣬˰ʱһ֮ǰ˵ΪһɥֵҪ仰ԭⲻ㣬Σ
ǱѪֻҪ¡ɺޡ
ҵʹЦȻڱһУһ·ҾͰ㣡
ⲻˣԺΪʱѡ񣬸еҵģ
֮䣬ʮͷѪֻΪ˳Ҷָһץѽڵа䷨ġ
ҽ𽥻ָѪʧҶջ֣ЦҲҪֻ֪һУ
Ҫ
һ𽥻ָʱһ˼ûС
ҶҲϷҲ㣬粻һˣõУҲҪֻҪܣǲһΪƵǿߣ
ƣô֪ģ°Ͷ𾪵޷ϣҲڲš
ҵܣ㻹ǲ֪ĺã˵˵ƵʲôܣҶڴŽ
ʱһǵͽλΪ̫ϵӣڱչоһŹֵƬ֪ͻȻһֱҾʥصĽ磬ֱֱңҾͳ˯ˣڳ˯֮УϡԪһʱʱĺ֮ϸϸһԳƵǿߣҺò״ѹĽأӳΨһһ־ϣܵõȻȥѹĵطһ£һõУ
ʵذѹ̣һһԴҲŽɣֱʥظ߲֮󣬷ڶһ΢֪ǲΣ
ѹĳأ벻徹ȻȻǱâѹĳط
֪ˮ򣬿âһƬ֮£ҲˣѰҾλãҵǵطΪâˮؽ磬ʵܽâˮҲһֱûȥ룬췣֮۽취ȥһ
ƿ˵ҪΪʲô£
ҾͲ֪Ҫҵſ֪Ȼҵõ˵õĸ߶ȣƱһʵŵԵģ
λң
ҶҪڵķλû˿ԥһҽҶȡ
һ鿴Ҷ֪м٣ں֮Ķâŵ˽⣬ȷâ֮С
û˰ɣЩûеʵ
ûˣֻڵ̫Ƶ־ע㣬ҪúػƵ־ΪʱҲҪȥâѰԭͱˣܴﵽʩչĸ߶ȣһԸ㣡
˵꣬ȽӦһӣҶһָڽüģü
֮󣬽ɲʱü쳣˴㡭ȻҲõ
Ҳ㣬Ϊ˴꣡Ҷȷһ
Ҳܹң˭ôģڹȻ֮£õ־һίģ͵
ҶҲŪһУ뵽ͬŰΣȻŽЦˣҵܣҪ㣬ǧҵ˵ȥҿԸҲ԰һжߣҵֶΣԶ֪ж£
һصһϵڶص
ȷ޷Ҷȿ⡣
ͬߣ
ᣡ
ƣһӡҶ֮ͷžٶȷ
ơȻâǿУҪŪԭҲֻд֣
췣֮۽֮ҶҪȥһâʵϹʱ˵ͻƣȥâˮ䲻Ǹ߽λ֣Ҫõʬ壬Ҳǲܵġ
˵꣬ա
ǿһϷ
ͷ֮۵ĳռ֮С
ڽɫı֮ϣһЩ֮Χ˫ͫʲôûеĽϿա
ҶȿȻҵԤϣﵽ֮ߵ컯˿ûж꣬Ϊܰ˵زڲлϵϢƺ
üһᣬƺףȻһЦϴηһεһᣬȡȡǣ
˵ֱ꣬˫ۡ
ϿΧΪ˷档
֮УһЩƵŸ֣ŪףΪξʥظͻȻͳˡ
λʦ֣ʦ㣬¸ոձȴ߶ƽʵˣǴžʥظ֣ʱ˳ѡ񣡡
ʱҶȴһշ
ʦܣ
ҶҶս벻ҶܰѽߣһƽʵҲΪ档
ʥʵǽĶ֣㼬
ȡ
˲·
׷ȵףץһ񷨱
ν̾Ҿûȸʥصĺãôˣõ˵ʵѵҲҪΪ໥ɱ
׸ʥأ
ȻЩԸҲЩԥ췣֮۵õģǡ
Ѿڣֻôһһʮˡ
ͬ׸ţ췣ۣ֮ӦŽԸʥأΪһֵòϣǲʧͨ޳ɡ
ðɣ
գᶼĬˣҲղ
̴Ĵ̫ϵӷǰɳٲ


2109 
֮ʮڶռ価ͷǰȻϤɳٲ
ڶռӵпµĶѪ֣ţ֪жռ䣬ظӿ¡
Ҳδһʱ̤ռ䣬Ǿ͵ؿʼϢһʥֶܵһЩӰ죬صĵνڴ˰Ǳ죬˻ٶڵԼȴƽ
ڼҲʥطɹ㶥ҲδʥԼʥء
֮Ȼɳٲ
ɳǰԿԿɳ쳣̣Ȼﵽĸ߶ȣиԵĶͨ÷ɳķӡɣͨ𣬹ɣΪľúˣ̤ռ䡣
ɳļԡԣؾǸ߽λ񣬶Դͨ
ৣ
˷ͨҲû֮ǰǷͷĿѣζһĻһ𺳵Ĺ磬ǰ
Ȼ״̬࣬ɽɭ֡Ȼ޾ĺЩȻ֮ɫΪɽ֮УɼһŵĶۡ
Ⱥɽ֮УɭЩֻƽĺҲһµĶۣЩ۲ǶѪǰ㣬ֻǼ򵥵ĶΣ
ˣ綼Ƕۣһֱ޷
ɭɭ磬ʱ֪ٵաνΪ֮̾
ҶСģ֪Ƭռ䣬ôۣ̺ʲôɶŴңÿ˰̬ã硣
δʥӰ˷ɹɽʱмһɭ֮УΧɱѪ֡
ɨһۣһ̤ʥ׷ںһЩʥأʥءʥǰǿ󣡡
һЩɫģǿɭ֮һЩ֮УȻһЩѪɫҲ֪ʲôã
ȻǱҲԸµĶѪ֣Ѫɫӻ٣Ҳʲô⣡
˵
Ҳգ֮УҶʦܿԶԿǶѪֵĿӡһ⣬ҲԴУ
˶ͬˣʮ·ɭ֡
ɭΧݵϣһŶ۴ϣǵڹλãʱѪ·һ㣬Ҷ֮УܿЩ׹ǣһЩĵۣһѪɫӣҲ˸عâ
˿ЩëȻ
ȻҲܵһЩͨЩʬĪǱ۴ȥģ
ʲô⣬ֻҪˣ
ֱ߳˫һᣬ˸һ⣬ָһץವһ֮У׼ȷѪɫӣһժȡ
ء
ͻȻʧȥѪɫӵĴǶӤĿŵ˲ò˼
ǿȥûĶΧȻʼһɲǺŨѪˮѵŴڿ
һᣬҶûףּǶڲʼһЩܿͼİ׹ǣ·𱻴ˡ
֣֣ǹ֣ʦ֣ʲô
˻һҶΧʵ̫ˣ˵ʲô
ⴥһ£ҲϢ֮УȻ󻺻߶
ѪɫΧӿһЩصƣȻһ㣬ʱһűǾһȻһҲ洫
νˣ̾ȻǱֻ췣֮ӵУһȥеϱ
ȻˣǾͶֲɼҪ̫̰ģܵõһһ
˶ͬ˼Ȼˣ˼һһͬ֡

֮УͷѪƺӦϢͻȻɱ쳣
׼֣ҶֵռĶѪ֣Ѫܵģǳ˺ѪɫƤë
ͣ
֮䣬һ⣬㻯ΪУиڼͷѪϣѪֵи⡣
ǿ
ǰһŽϴĴϣֻ֮УȻһδĸ֣ȫѪߣûҲܻڱһ֮С
ҡҡͷЩҪʬΪٳһǲǣ
ȷǣ
ҹȻ֮Уһ濪ʼ΢΢ȼţһѴСŶ۲ϰʬȥϢҲһǿʢ
˲̿ȥƹɭ룬۸֣ɱѪ֣ȳһ꣬ϧƣҪȳǲܵġ
ʥأ
ЩӢмһϳݣԻ֮󣬼˵Ӫȣɳա
ǱۿƵ꣬ѾӰ
ǧҪǶۡ
һߣҾͷֿѰ
֮ǰһĻĻ£Ҳҿ۴ԶԶͷͨժȡһޣŵõʮöЩ֮ܳɣʬ塣
뿪ɭ֣˺ܿһƬϷӵ֪Ǳʶʣ֮£ûк
һӦûкӰӣӺͨʲô
Ҽǰȥܿͼһ۰Уڴ֮УǶеͶˣϡܼһЩ⡢˸Ȼвûһ˸Ҷ˼½ǻ뷨ˮ±ﻹ˰ɡ
ۡ
Ȼ䣬ӶԱߣһˮˣžͼһӰĶѪ֣ˮɳۡ
ôעĲΪѪ֣ȻͷһˮϵԿƺˮϢҲˮһģȥа
ˣĪͷѪ֣֮£õʲôӵ˴ˮϵ
⣬ǵõʲôˮϵǲװߣ
ʱĿԣ˶ѪڵĲ
ʱ䣬Ҷûԥˮɳ۵ĶѪ֣ȫ׷ȥ
ӸߴһȺ׷һɫӰӣڴϷԺɫӰչΧ׷½أǺɫӰӵٶȣȻһҲ˶١
ٰΧǰлҰΧܣմһΧҲʼˮ潵١
ǶѪֻˮ汼ܣۿͨҪץס֪˲һɾܿˡ
ܣ
ͻȻνָһץѪǰһָӡѪ֡

ۿ˾ҪץסѪ֣֪ͻȻˮ·һӤˮͻȻɳһͷͷѪ֣ʼչ
ҲжٶѪ֣һ֣նɱٶѪ֣ƵǣѪԽԽ࣬ôɱɱ
ͨߺȵˣǷɣ
ಣ
Ҳ״֮£֪жٶѪֻ֣ܰװ׷ŹǶѪ֣һͬϸ߿ա
òҪõһָˣ߿գЩѪҲ½֮Уһӡ
Ƭ̫ˣǸɴֱӷĲռ䣬ĪռѰͻȻˡ
ҳ˼һᣬúĻúеһ·δʥҲ뷨


2110 ħ
˵ֱӷռ価ͷ
;Ҳһʥظ֣һЩɽ֮ѰұѪֿ½
ּ֮Ϥɳٲ
Ը˲Ϊɳٲֻ룬һͨط̫̣̫ˣҽϢѾԽ񣬴ﵽ߶ȣЩҲʥˣǵĲռ䣬Ȼӿ¡
·ʮʥϢҪǿ״̬Ĳռ䡣
Щʥش󲿷ֶʧպþʥءʥҲУʥʮʥҲϢ
֣ʥظִкʥûжٶϾʥزʥǵȴڡ
׷ױֳĬǰţҶȴԴɫ֮УӦɱڽѾǱѹǲֵ⡣
ʥһϢΪҶȵ֣ʥأ˫ʥظҲԵʮǢ
硢ϢһĲռ䡭
Ϣ֮еҶȣӦơϢ˿Ÿʥأ֮УڶʵҶҲõġ
Ҷʦܣ
ÿĿ֮еŮ񣬺ȻҶߡ
֮ϣǷĮ°ҶԱʱȴԵʮְ
ʦ㣡Ҷȿʩ
ӨӨһϴζл֣ȻʥأʧأϾҪĲռ䣬ϣʦܶչչˣ
ʦΪӦҪʦǣ
ΪĲռ̫ˣȥҲԵõԼ췣֮֮ǰ߲Ҵ龰
ʦͽ̣
ҶһĿ⡣
ʵʥظ߲㣬Ҳ֪췣֮ڲһУǶδÿ˵ҲԭģȾǲϣӿԼĥԼմﵽֵ
ŵ𣬳췣ۣ֮ҲĲ磬ס˺Щ꣬Ŵһͨһصġħ񡯣ħϵǴﵽıֻô꣬ûһ˿ԴﵽħҲУ
ħ񣿡
˵Ҳ̫ˣȻԴ磬ѵ޷ħ񣬵õһУҶЩš
ῴҲӰҶӸ˸⣬˵Ѫ֣Լ֪ҶΪοԲǶѪԭ
ҶȵȻ˵Լܣ˸ܹͣȥ
˼꣬⼸֮УʥһһĲ֮Уʥʥؼġ
ͨһ̣ҶȲ֪Է顣
ΪƬľͷȻһħ񡱡
֮ԳΪħΪħͷŵϢ̫ˣ̫ңԶֻ۾
ħ֪жߣ޴󣬶ңԶ߶ȶеɽһ·Ȼɽ֡ͬҲۡ
ͬǣ۵ľɽȻ壬Ķ۲һǶǻģҾҶȸӦӦ̫ǿ󵽣аϢԽħϢԽǿ
ԵϢҲʥ߽λͽλ֮䣬ʱҶףΪκ˶޷õ췣֮ڵΪƬռ̫ǿĶʥ
ڸӦϢƵϢΪڤڤ֮Уռ䣬һ΢ĸӦ
ȾǸӦϢҲӦˣǰ֣ҶȸӦϢȴռһЩϢһЩ΢ϵ
һᣬ̴߶龻֡
һӦҶͻȻĿңԶħϣԭ΢Ϣħѵ췣ۣ֮йϵ
ʱҶԺͻȻһ𶯣뵽췣ۣ֮뵽ĶѪּ֣ĸӦ·һж˵췣֮źܴϵ
Ҷౣأ
ʱʥظѾһɳ
Ҷȵϸڣʱ·һЩʥصӣһģ·ˣʱʱҲ˵ĸ˳
һ󣬴

ֱӷħ֪ͻȻаƶɳһͷͷж۵ľ
ãЩʵԽʥﵽ˸߽λ񣡡
νһȻתʾطȥǶ۾׷һ̣ҲڰѰ
ˣΪûֱӷħֻܽԭ
ݵϣҵղ񼶱Ķ۾ȻǶ֡
˻˻
ڵˣȻ䣬һ졢ͳΧ
ղһĻټΪѵ磬һӰɤϡ
ͻͻͻ
ݵͻȻתһֻһСɽСɽϾȻһۣǺͨĵһ㡣
ʱͻȻѪСɽ𶯣ȻһĻʱΧݵͻȻϯһͻȻӰ˷ʯȻ˷Χ˹⶯ʯ硣
ȳȥ˵
֪ᷢʲô仯νߺһϷʯ㡣
䣡
ʯ㲻ϱ飬ҲܿҪһڣǴ벻ڵʯһοʼϡ
˲Ԥʾ˴鷳ʼȫԸʯ㡣
䣡
Ȼ䣬Ӻ󷽴һ
һо˫۾ڶǣתһֻһۣ۾СɽΪĶʯ֡
䣬ÿɫסˡ
ͨ̾ﵽ߶ȣ
ʯռ䣬Ҳƿأֻ뿪Ѿһ񽣡
ɱ
Ĵ̫ϵӣɱȥ

Եڶʯϣʯ̫ӲײûжһǱһЩʯ
ʵȻǿЦġ
䣡
ͻȻΧɱʯ֣ǵ͵һѪˮӿµǣӶ֮УһµѪɫʯ

񹥻ǶϷһʯٶȣ̫ˣ˶ֻǿֿƣ㱻һʯУÿһλУ˺󼸲ľ˵
ؼһ޷ʯ֣һǳ˻ӣ
ޱ֣
Ȼ޷չ빥ͨʯʱæһƣһʱֻϢ
ž
ޱֹȻ͵жʯ飬ʯ־޴СһЩ
ʩչޱ֣
һǶʯֶ֣νһһͬ߶ֻȻһӣһʯ֡
䣡
֮ޱҲ̫ˣжʯ֣ȻԴ֮һٶ
һΣ
ȻЧٴһͬӡ߶ޱ֣պݺݻӳֱۣһƣһ׼ȷץжʯ֡
¡
һΣޱְѶʯԴˣǵ׹ȥȻΧʯҲʼһһ׹٣¶аס
ಣ
ץסᣬ̷ɳ棬Ȼ˻ؽʱʥظ֣Ϣĵط
ʥһȺ˻ʥδ֣ϾЩ۹̫ǿˣϵĴڣﻹǱԵش治֪شжô¡


2111 ɱ
֮һֱûع
췣֮Χռ䣬ȻҲգҲǿӦĲռ䣬ûκΰգпܱ
Ĵ̫ϵӣռ䣬ھǶ۹ʳ
˼䲻ŰܿЩҲˡ
Ҳò侲ǽж
ͨȵԼ뷨̫գֻ˿ԽѰԼȡ췣֮رþȴΧѰһԵ
ã
ʤźӢӡĴ̫ϵӣʹӦˣϾ޷㣬Ӳ룬ֻ·һˡ
Ҳûмʱ䣬һ̤֮С
ΧĶ۹ѾնɱҲһЩڣҾžҲ⿿֡
;ʥظ֣ҲԽԽ࣬еǸˣ඼һͬѰ
ˣ
˾һƬɭʱͻȻӦһͬϢףֻϢ
ͬš
ˣΣҲҪͬźǴȥ
ͨ˵˳Ĭһᣬ֮ԳĬΪһ̤ɭ֣пΣա
ջǶͬˣ΢΢һЩ룬Ȼɭȥ
;δж۵ĴҲսĺۼж۹Ѿնɱ

ʱͻȻһָ
ȥֻŴ֮䣬ɴһŮʬ
ŮʬŵҲ࣬ȻʥصӣҲ֪˶ã˵ֻۣʣһ߰׹ǡ
պգȴ³겻ѡ
߳һ˵ͷ֮Ůʬȥ
Ůʬǰ߶һаΧп
֨֨
ͻȻһĻ˭Ҳ뵽
ۿҪпӿٶȣϾҲûеף˭֪ΧͻȻɱʲô
벻ǣǰŮʬȻԼŵ˷ӦŮʬͻȻһаâתһצɱ
ͣ
ܷӦзץһӣҲһһ߳Ѫۡ
ಣ
˵ȴҿᣬΪţѾѪߣӣֶ֪ѪֵĿӡ
ˡ
ҶһһָŴһɹصķӡҰѪߣʱӡ
Ƕ
ŮʬڴʱͻȻɭɭĲ
˲ſŮʬѾ׹ǣϻһЩδѪ⣬üģȻһۡ
ô£һĻ˶벻ףŮʬΪҲжۣ
ಣ
ŮʬͻȻһһŴǰΧ֮УһҲ˳
ߣ
һĻ֮ǰСɽ̫֮½Ҫ֣Χռ֮С
ৣ
һ׼ǶֵٶȣȻǣ٣ƷͻȻӰ˷ͬ
Ҫ֪Щ٣һǴﵽʵ
ݣ
һУ˴߷潻棬һʱ仹ǿֵֹ

ͨͻȻһ
ãΧγһƬȼջ𺣣ٴ𺣣Լ٣ꡢᡢνҶȼʱ֣پͼ򵥶ˡ
ȻЧÿ˶һĿ𣬲٣ҲΧĴҪǶ֡
Χٹֻܼ࣬ռơ
νˣɱȥս
һµͷ֮󣬰Ϸ٣յٲϲһһ߶ֲֵϿڶֻǹûǻۡ

һɱ֮˺ò׷ɳɭȼ𣬵ܿͻָ˰ƺһжδ
˿͵ϢҶóһЩ񵤣ҲԷԼϻָš
ϴҸоħ磬ƺһں֮У
ͻȻ䣬Ƶݶ
ҶȾϲ̤ƬռʱҲ΢΢Ӧˣֻ޷ȷ˵췣ۣ֮ʲôϵ
ϧΪ̫ͣ޷ӦϴСģĹеĴﵽ߽λ׼ԽȥðգҪȥħ񿴸ϸղʥظ֣ʵǿѾ̤ĵش
żһʱ仹磬һģ
ûдκҶеˣ췣֮ۿϵ˵ǳƵĴ
ϢҶԼûʲôӰ죬Ҫ֣ղŵȷĲҪһʱָ
ҶȰҲʼӤһͬɹ̫ԪԼӤ֮󣬿ȥǰƮ죬һʵʸо
ʼںϣܴﵽֵزҶѾ˴󲿷ǿߣҲ̶ֳȡ
ʱҲսѶģΪˣûӤĻֱӿʼУҪں
ꣿꣿһԪ
û֪Ĵ𰸣ҶΪӵӤ漣ӤΪȻʱ䲻ں
ȻУΪӤ
ػкܶ࣬ҶȵԼʣҪʮ٣Լ̫һ಻ںһ𣬲յ漣
̫ԪԼǱȽףӤȻ
ҶӤһͬеĸо
ңԶʮһ
涾ַڵķɽϿա
ʱΧһȻͼ¼ڣʮȷģ
֮Уˡ
һ˵ǶСģϢ׼ȷģи߽λǿߣ
һʥصĶֲɣҿЩСˣôģͼ˭죡һһΪȻӡ
ĿģȷһǼ٣Ȼ涾ģˣ÷ֿжӦ˽УΣգҲ໥
ã
һɽϸߵĸ߿ա
ɽգҶ˻ӵֵڣȻϢС
ʱ֮󣬶˳涾̵ż磬๬Լóһݵͼʼա
һģһ
ѵģ
λ־ﰵн˺оϢ࣬ĻǶ˾ҪʯϹ֡ԼѪֲֿǿߡ
һǱǰ֮󣬲֪˴涾ַյͼ¼·ߣȻؽǰİ
⡭
磬ͫ޷ŵɫ
˵һģһȻһ磬һ޷Ӧʮа˾ģǵ뿪øʦ֣֪̽磬ղȷϢ٣
뿪
һҲ͵ת涾Χַȥ

Ȼ˷еİ֮Уһɫʯ
ʯȻƤ۶ʼʯ
ˣ졢죬ʦܴ
΢΢ǰһˣ³֣ʹ಻ѣȻδ˵꣬˾ͳΪһ
һ˾ͳ򣬶ѾͻһĻŵöû˷Ӧ


2112 
ûκλ᣿κδ뱾̳֮ˣн޻أ
ʣˣ߶򣬿ͬǰΪһʯŵѺͷ
ͬʱһӰˣҲʼΪʯҲ㣬ǴӺۣÿһﶯķ˿
˻Ϊʯ֮ǶӰһʧڽǰ
涾ż֮⣬ˣǱڽ涾̷ͨĴ֮УڵȴͬǴϢ
֪ʥǿͬţѾΪʯ
λʦȥ˲ãӦϢĪǳ⣿ұˣǸΪĴڡ
˵ǶλĴڣоŽλҲᷢϢ֮ûжӦûз֣龪һ
ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬һӰڶǰι
ãǿ߷ˣӳ˵𺧰ĻһҲʷȥ
Ϊڱǰߣа껹࣡
ڶ˸ոշɳ˲䣬ǵħӰͻȻɱŶһץ˱־״̬ܿͽʯ
ಣ
Ӱ֣ǿµʯϹ֡
һʯָȡ´䣬ȻΪʯ񣬵ϾǷδʯ
ʥأ
ƽⴢӡ֮ʯϹȡƣ֪ʥ֮Եʮ⣺һʥǿߣŵͼֱ̳Ī̳Ѿ¶ʥƤ£
ˣղ񣬶ʥظ֣
ʹһӡҼæ˵һ顣
̫ˣǾ̳ϢͼȻ֮ǰйɫ̳Ҷûз֣ѪԵúܾȡ
ֻ֪ͨϷ壡
ţ˴²˵ģ
ʯϹһ㣬ʯ񳹵׻Ϊ촷ۣһﻹӰӣ
ʥأ
ˣˣ
ʥһ⣬뼸ߣڹעı仯ǼǿߣϢϵһ
ǾļˣͻȻ׷׿򛕷ˣԵ̫ţλʦܳʧȥӦֻһܣȫޣ
ǲǽ涾ַʧȥϵģ˴ǰ
˽涾ַȴϢһ·֧ԮϢڼ֮䣬һһʧȥӦûϢûԪϢûκϢ
ɷǽĳЩԭ򣿡
Ǳһֶռ֮ڣǵԼԪϢᱣһ֣ȥռ֮ǰƽ״̬״̬ͻȻʧ˵ǱȻǳ⣡
Ӧ
˳ĬƬַ̣һ
գ֮ʣһƬ嫵ĶǿգӰҲֶϢˣ
ȥλʦܣ䣬ڿȷҶṩ鱨ȻģֻϧʧʥĴǿߣ
״˭ҲԸ⿴ģλ鱨ʮ˵ܵӰ죬»ҪȷһһϹŶԴȥһˣһ򲻿ɴ⣬ԪͨѰ涾ַ
䣬ѵʧˣ֤ʵ鱨ʵ
±ϾʷϣδֹģҪٷְȷȻһʥԻ
ɫ֮䣬Ҳ͸ʹϧĴ֣ôˣʥأҲǲСʧ
ع鱾壬ü߼ϣܸӦʧ䣬һʼ߶
췣ۣ֮
Ĳռ䣬ʥϢ֮УҶһֱ̫ԪԼ
ͨӤںϣҲбԴںϣھһӽ߽λʥߵزһʱҪͻ߽λʥҲǲܵġ
֮
ֹͣУһݵأʼڶνħ硣
ԶħƯػߣȻаģȴء
ٴνУòҪ۹ｻ֣һıҲֻ֣мֵı
ͨһ飬ÿ뷨ͳһͨһٴ̤硣
ûжã˾Ͳ㾪۹ı꣬Լ֮ͨܿ۹˺ò׽ĵشҷ󲿷ֶṳ̂ĺۼ
Ҳйϱ֣ﻹΪǺ٣żȴ̫˵ı
ݣ
֪ĵشƹһƬɽʱȻڼʯְɵɽ֮УһһϢâ
˴Χۼɽ봦ɽ룬мϵĽηһۣǵ۸պڽηΧϣǼηǲ
ͨһࣺʦܣ
ν߳Ϊ֮У޽һˣ˵ȻҲսǶǸޣޡ
⼸ηӦ涼ӡһֽ⽣飡νڴž̾һ䡣
飿
˷׷һɲӵеĽ飬ǽʿͨУγɽĿܣ̫ˣǲܴڵġ
̫ˣ⼸ö飬֪ʿγɣµĽγʶ֮õеĽηǵõһ߽λķ
ǻŸ̲ס
һĵǹ˷ֿжͷ˶ʱסöη
ĵÿһн飬ΣҲҪ취ֵһĻ
Ҷ뵽˽̫ʺϽС
ϴμն죬սΪ˶ǴкܵĶˣǽõ飬콣ʵǸһ
˵Խ츳԰ѽ콣ϣ޳ڵġ콣顱
콣ʵӤγɣǲģһ콣ռ䣬ռ佻ںϣվͻγ콣飡
Сģǵۿֶֻʯ֣
ԽԽоǶ۵Ŀ¡
ͻͻͻ
֪ǲΪԽʲôͷҪʲôҶĵ֮ʣ˭֪ϵĶۿʼɫʱס
ɽ忪ʼ𶯣´Ȼʼ˺״̬ҿʼȻƬұڶΪһοµĹѪֲࡣ
һͷ޴Ķʯ֣
ƣ
һּ֣䣬һУʯֺȥ˶ʯ֣Ǽòη
䡭
ʵǿľУжʯţרŹͷһһĿ
ãͷʯֵʵӦôﵽλӲ̫ˣǲͨڱһͨǶˣ޷ٿһ֣νЧδе̫⣬̶ֳȣѾǺܾˡ
Ҳһâʯ֡
ҲһһͷŹҪץסʱ䣬ѹסʯƣղпܵõη
ͻͻͻ
˹׷׼ȷжʯ֣šŷһδαըÿһαըʯ飬ϷҲöʯֵٶȣʼܵһӰ죬ȥõηոˡ


2113 ʯ
ʯָԼʮɣֱ۴ִÿһۺɨѰն˺óһܴܻˣӻܣǶʯͨ˿ֻķݡ
ħ磬ʿռƵһ棬Ҳֻһ㣡
һս֮˶Ĳ
νҰдʯ̫ˣǻ÷ӡܲܿж
һԣ
˶ͬ취ǸԴ߶ӡԪΪӡ˸Դӡâжʯ֡
ᣡ
ͬʱӡȻӡâȻΪ裬γһԲâֱסʯ˫Լţʼʯ˫ۺ£һ
ȻЧͨȵʦܣȥȡ
ಣ
νٶȣſָץʯǰĵη

֪νϣȡη֮ʣ˲ӰȻֱһâν·ȥ
ಣ
ͬʱӰҲֶνâɢ֮һЦĵηʥȷֵģ벻ʥػ·ʳ
סʯֵ֣벻ʥɱǲٿƷӡâһһ˳Ƕʯָֻƣɱ
ῴǰƯˣԼһһҼйνǿߣԹŽʥء
ĮĺȵǱۺ죬СģʥڹŽʵĩ˵ģʥز٣ὣηǳΣҲǿֻˣһưˣ
һλӣڲмһɨˣλʥصѣĵηʥرõıҲȷ֣ǻȥĺã
νȻҪȦӣ
֪ôɱ
˵ʱʱ죬ڶʯִ󲽳ɱ֮ʣʥߴֶʱҶȵɱ
һʱ˫ɱһţǶʯֳûסĵηȻ˿˫ۺɨ˭Ҳ޷
ݣ
һν˫֮ͫб
ֵʥظ֣뵽ν˾ͨûѹνȴ֮š
ν⣡
νûһ󲽣·һָܴһһȻԷ
νʵȻǿֲģȻǿ߶֣Щ֣ͨţĶ֣
ͰѶԷˣԼҲһ֣Ϊ߶֪Ķ١
ˣҲ޷ȡΪʯأһ˸޷ʯֽ֡
䣡
˰ʱ֮ȫŤʥһţǱһһռƣ˶֣ҶȽֵһŽλʥ֣ҲҶˣתҶȶ֣
˰ʱʥظ벻ʥֻܻȥ
ٴξۼһͬʱʯ֣һǿԵõη˰ɣ
ȷ񵤣Ȼſʯ֡
ͻͻͻ
һĻȫϲġ
ӵԼΧɽͻȻɳľ޴ʯ飬Щʯʯ״о뷲䣬ʯβࡣ
ʯ֮࣬Ҷһٿʯ֣˭ֳ֪ʯ֣Լ·ЩɸߵĶʯ֣Լʮ֮ࡣ
ͨ˷ǿʯѾγһʯǽˣʯ֣
̫ܼʯҪͻƵĻҪʯӲȣǻְЩĶʯָѹʱΧʯҲ
ǾͳûʯָѹˣӺܶŭǶʯأ͵õĵη
룬ȻԪʩչѶȸߡǿԪ֮԰Щʯѹȥ
Ԫʥѧ֮һֻľȷǿޱȡ
һͷ굱ҶȣʦܣŽ϶̣ѧ֮УԪˣ
΢΢һЩƤëǿԴ߶ҶƽӦ
һʱתʯ֣·һЩͽСĶʯ֣

˶ʱӡٶȲ̫ˣӣҪȫԪҲ֮¡
Լʮ֮˽ӡٶȼӿˣ֮УʯһҪʯ󣬰ģȻŹԸࡣ
պøʱ䣬ʱһĿ˫һͬչԪ
ˣ
˺󷽡ңͻȻһƬȼաŤֻܿͻΪһƬŤ籩˫͵һѹ޴ֻϯʯ֡
ͻͻͻ
Ťֻ֮ʣʯҲӶ˫ۣҪǸոǵ˫۾ܵǿ񶯣ԼϵиֱϵʯϺ飬Ȼ壬Ҳʯ顣
ಣ
ͻȻϷһЩʯȻı˷򣬲γɸǽֱѸײڶ֮׹¡
䣡
ҺøոʩչԪҼʱ֣ѾٻŷʯͬƵģһʯ飬ÿһκʯҲһúˡ
ʯֻȻԪƣʥصľѧͨȷǾж컯֮ܡ
ˣʯ޷˹ֻܴ߶Χʯͬ𽥺˵ģһʯ׹ˡ
Ȼʯ֮УʯҲһ빥֮Уöǰչ¶
һʦܣûȥȡĴη
Сģνһαη
ɶЩʯƴֻԼ֮ʯһһ飡
֣Ѿ۵ùǺ
뿪ʯĻҲԽԽΪʯ̫죬¸ǽϺ¶һ
˼ţȴνõ

һװײ·
νҪʯעʱͻȻСģҲδԤȻһͷСĶʯ֣ӺͻȻһȭûνĺ󱳣һѪ
ݣ
Ӧʱת۾ǱһâѶʯֺûΪһʯȻתĴһʯһЩûһץĴηҼʱ뿪ʯ֡
ɹˣϹǸӷʯöþɱȥ
νֶٴξۼһ𣬴Ҽη˿Ȼͬ߶ͬʯҲǰ
ʯͼ֮һԪҲʧʯҲڿʼΧʯٴ׳塣
ǣѾһʯ㣬˳ͻΧ
գ·оһԲʯɽ𶯣ҪƵģҲҶһ룬ǰһƬֺ
ҺʥظδϮڳ֣ǵõĽη˵Ҳ
ֺСѰΧûжһѰңʲô쳣ҲûУұ˿
һսÿ˶ľ˵ȻҶȵƣҲװġ
ͨꡢᡢνˣˣġ͸֧ȣʱԻָġ


2114 ۻħ
ҪָԼǵһѡΡ
ΪʥصʦҶȴʱñõӣó񵤸˷£Լûзκ񵤣ԣԴձԴôһյġ
ָνһ˻ָٶȻϾǾ˼ˣ췣֮ȫָ˼ûдﵽ״̬ҲǿӦκѡ
ʱ˾һһɫأΪǰߣĿѸӾˣʹֹҲﵽĿġ
һ뵽ʥ̤ĵشлȡ췣֮رһֲġ
þ֮꿴ˣǰУ
ͨҲͬصͷзҲлȻ췣ۣ֮ȷʵӦþߵ󣬴ﵽԼļޣ
ٴγĬһᣬҲһͬ⣬ǰУ
Ҷơ簵ϵ֪綼ʥأΪǶӵвԼǰЩͬţ̫ʥءʥصţǰһֻѰұ
ѾȥλãǹħԽԽ
ϢһҲٴγ
Ҳӡ
֣ҶȵʵǿģԶԶǣҶһֱǣΪģȻ޷ﵽħ񣬶һ˶ǰĻо԰գһʱڸȥơϡ
ʱδ˳׷취뿪
ǰĪһƬɽش¶ȶȻ
һʱ䲻ǰУ;ҲСջҲδ۹ｻ֣ɴʱͻȻһ𽥴ǰϯ
˼ӿ첽һСɽۣ֮ǰȥȻһƬȼյĻ֮ɽǡһſԼнңԶҲ֪شж
һشΧԼɽ塢ֺ֮ӵж۵ĴڣܿشпЩƹشҲ֪Ҫʱ䡣
ֻӲشȻ硣
꣡
ȻӰһԵǱɳ
̫ۻħϧЩϵԴǻħ̫࣬淢ˣ
ջ񻹲ÿֵܷһЩҾ֪ɣ
һԶشһʲôҲʥظֻ֣ɨһۣ˱·֡
סȻлϵԴҾͲٳɡ
ܿȼյĻشǰγɾɽƵ𺳴ڣȼţƺһ̤ڲ磬ͻᱻճɻҽ

ȻˣҲǲģһʩչΧҲȼ𣬻ΪһųԿ𣬻ȼյ𲢲ǺܾˣպÿԴﵽƽ״̬𽥿𣬷ֿȼջγһͨ
𽥽ֻͨڲʯճĳɫʴڡ
Խش¶ȾԽˣ֮ϣһܵѹҲԽԽˡ

ףͻȻΧһЩ㤵Ľ
ͨɫһӦǶۻħˣСģɢɢǧ̫Զ

ʯ䣬ͻأش˷ȼջ֮У˳һȼյιǻȼյģͷȻһ졢ײеۡ
һͷһͷȻжʮͷۻħ
䣡
˫ȼյĻ磬չɱ
ۻħռƣڻ֮ٶȿ˼ֶ࣬ʱÿ˶ƵÿʼܣѰҶԼĹλãִʱѾ𽥸ɢ

һͷۻħͻȻ˺棬Ҷȶ
磬ʿӦǳ΢ҲʵЩۻħҿǵĻϵ
ǰۻħ˳ʱҶһƣץסۻħħʵҲﵽһλ£ȴٶһ£ͷۻħ˲ϢҶ֮УӡڵĲ֮С

ǼͷۻħɱҶٶԶ֮ϣҶȻ߶Ӥ磬ܵѹȣ߶ԼӤֱջĻ
ʵ澳֮Уϵ
ͷۻħδͱҶȻһȫ֮С
ħֶ࣬ʵǿ󣬿ǳܲס
Ҷ룬ͷŸǿҵϢҪΧۻħΪ˼ѹ
˾ٹȻãܿһͷͷۻħɱҶ֮С
һ˿ȥռϵԴ
öۻħ֮ҶͷŸӦӦĻϢ˼ڻѴݳҪϢ
һֻһƬȼյϿ֮С
ոϿȣҶȱһΪϿȵϣм߻ˣǻŵˣҲǶۻħǰʿʬ壬ȼգѾΪһ֣ͬһ㡣
ʬԱߣһЩʯϾȻմһЩĻʯʯͷҲһֲľ
ȼգЩֲûбӦ˻ȼգγɴĻʣҲǻϵԴ
ЩʯֻǴĻϵʯ
ǱҶʼѰңɼϵʯв٣ǾΪԴ࣬ҲܾˣһѰңҶȱΧҵһٶֱԴϵ㹻Ӥһʱ䡣

Ȼһ΢΢ƿϿ
ҶߣȻһת֪ʲôʱһӰˡ
ǻˣҲͨĶۻħһࡣ
ȫȼŻ棬Ƥǣ˫۾Ȼģ϶ͷϵֻۣʵڹ֮
Ӧʿγɻħۻħ־ȡԼΪ˻ħ
һҶоеˣҲףֻħҪһĶۻħǿ󣬿¡
ȻܶԷҶȱһλʵ˵ﵽĽλ񡭡
֪֮󣬰ҶúþòŻعλĽλʵ̫ˣȻ߽λʥ񣬿ʵҲӦòǰǰ㣬ﵽ߽λħĽλʵƽˣ޷Ը

ħͻȻһʱΧ棬Ϊ׾޴Ļħ̬˫ͬӥצͳҶΧ·ҪҶһץ顣
Ȼĵ̣ӵӤѵ㲻ɣ
Ҷȶʱ߶ӤκλûвȻʵ֪Χûеڶ˴ڣֱӻӶƣħֻȥ
䣡
СȭͷȻħ֣ڸ߿ײ֮ûܵκλ𣬷ħﵽһֲµĵز
ҵʵҲǴﵽĽλҪ㳹ѹȥ
䣬Ҷ¶ЦݣȻ߶ȫԪǿƣ߶𣬻Ϊһڰ֣֮λħץȥ

ħƺ֪ܣ˫ץҶȣ˫ָջӳҶȴڴлħԴſָһץѻħԴݺץס

ħø
Ĳ¾ͰˣѹħռĻϵԴٰɣȻ˽λʥ񣡡
һЦȻұۺݺһ˦Ĵ֣һӾͰѻħץӴҲٴλص״̬
ǲͬԺ״ʲôգõĴ
ץסħҶЦݸӴݡ


2115 ͻư˽λʥ
ݺѹƻħ
Ҷѻħ֮УͻȻƿصĻħʶȴһƮ˻Ƶ벻ڵ࣬ر𣬹ֲÿԿƱ࣬ϣܻǰʱѹ㣡
˭
ֱһ𣬸оһȻһûʶĻħ˼άβҶȸе𺳣
һħûʶĻô֮ǰ˻ƵӦòԻħٿػħشڣ
˭б£ǰȻ֪ˡ
̫мˣƺƲҶߣӦһ䣬㲻κζ
Ҷȴ𺳣Ѿ޷ݣӻħֿԶǿµħ߷Χ磺췣֮۹ȻأΣգղǿʶҲԿɣǿҲͲˣ
Ϊ췣֮۾һżʱȻҶһŵǿ־̫Źˣ췣֮۶󲻵ܡ
ʱҲô࣬ȰѻħȻΧѰңϣٴϿ֮ѰҵһЩԴ
ҲδѼ٣Ҷȵ뿪ϿȣͷŸӦ
ͨ˲ħ֣ռϣҪǿĻħ
ӦģǱԴʥ֣ش˷ֿʱ˻ᣬȥơϣ
ҵˣ
ͨһӦҶڻشӦһƬȽܼıԴϢطҲУһܼġ
߶Ԧȼջ棬֮ٷ
Լ֮ҶȶԷشǧӿ£Ѿʥ̤ģʣһЩԼԦ֮⣬ġ
ǰһƬɭ֣ɭ֮УҶȼЩΪ걻ȼգ泤ȻΪ˻ϵԴǱﶼõıΪֱʳ
ֲƬشϢŨңԭЩҶȴֻʮţÿһŹϣҲֻжʮӣӦƬشгɻ֮ЩոҪﵽ׶Σֻһ졣
ЩûгĹӣȻܲסʧĹӣ󲿷־գеҲΪҽҲеճΪϵ
ЩӶܱгǧĻϵ
һһŹǰСʼɼЩֱֱʳͨʿڰͬȵϵҪʱ䡣
ಣ
պòɼһһӰͻȻ˳ͬʱһµָץҶԴ

ҶȲδܣһȭӭȥʱָײͬʱҲҶ˺
ʵﵽĽλ۷ɣ
ԺʵԿ벻ǶԷ֣ҶȻؿǰٴ¶Ŀ⡣
ǰվۻħ
ӦһͷħһĹħ໥аںһԴҲǣۣҲ˹죬쳣ǿ󣬱֮ǰѹλħҪǿһ֡
ԽΪṩҶպҲΪһֱᱣΪĻħ˸߽λʿԿҲᱻħɱ
˿Ҳһᷢ
Ȼǿ󣬸պҾͳûﻷ̤˽λʥ񡭡
ҶȵһЦû˫ħ
꣡
˫ħͻȻһǧ׾޴аˣȼҲһС
˹ƣˣͿʼ룬ҶһǰӶ֣ͷһâžаˣһ
һ£аҶһ˫ħպչ֮ǰһƾץסħţҵӡ
ϰΧʣһһɼɾԼжֱ汦ҶݵİӤ
ᣡ
ҶһһΧֻܷΧȻ󵱼ʼձ˫ħ
ȻʳһӸϯȫ̫һϽš
һʱ֮ҶȻʹﵽ߽λʥ۷壬ҿʼȫԪս磬γһƬԪ
ͬʱҲڸӦѾΧ룬޷ش
뿪֮ڿʼҶϵҶѡĬϢԺ޹˼ȥơϡ
Խ룬۹ʵԽ̬Ҷȿɲһֱǣȥʲôûеõǰһˣ˳֮ȻٽشҲ취Խ磬ǼȴҶȣٴ̤磬̫ʵʣֻΧѰ
ǻ벫һ
Ԫ󣬴ȥԪѾɹҶȿʼӡԪ
֮ҶͻȻһ˫һᣡ
ˣ
һɴСԴҲ£ܿΪһŽӲӵԴڣڰ˿Դ
һҶʽ̤˽λʥ񣬾Žλʥһ֮ң
ΪʥͿȥ󶴸Ѱ纣ڿҪӽʥ۷壬ҵѾкܴգ
иοԼȻԼȥ飬ʼӦӣڻΧˣ֮ǰڻ磬һˡ
Ȼ磬˵ǹã׷ȥ
ֹ˼꣬Ȼ飬֮УҶȱͨ䣬ҿʼȫ
ҶȱҲոٶȡ
ʱһͨɳھУͨʵѾʱı
Ҷ䣬ֱͨԼ
֮
ಣ
ʧҶȻֳǰ˫ħҶһѹȥһΪ顣
ʵﵽ˽λʥӽ״̬ڿشжٵı
߶Ӧһ͸ӦһƬϢܼĴڣŻɹȥٶȱ֮ǰֿ˼
ԭǲٵĻʯ
Ҷ棬ʮʯЩʯǴﵽ˴߶ȣ쳣Ҳһһʼռ
ͻͻͻ
ոտռ꣬ΧͻȻһȻӵʮͷۻħΧȼջ֮УҲɳʮͷۻħ
ЩۻħһͷͷʵﵽλиѾﵽλ߶ȣ
ĺãĺãһһΪӰɣ
ΪͨСɣҶȵʵѾﵽλλĸ߶ȣǺεȵʵҶһͨһʵ߶ֻͨǺεȵĳ
ಣ
Ҷȴŷǰʮͷۻħһ⣬ܶۻħηסӣ£һͷͷۻħҶָһץȻΪһſӡ
ֱӰʮʱʮʼҶڱըڣһҶȾͻﵽ˽λʥ״̬ռӣǶۻħʬ壬òˡ
׷ɱʮͷۻħ³һģҶ׾٣Ϊһſӡ
ȥѰĻϵֻҪۻħһһΪӣ١


2116 ɭ
Լһ
꣡
ȼյĻԵҶ˸ǰһƬ޾ͷԭʼɭ̧֣ͷȻԼǸƵħ񣬾ħ񻹲֪жңԶ
ӦȻ֮Уһ濴ҲڵȴҶϢƺǲҶȻڻ硣
Ҷϸϸԭʼɭ֣ȻоƬɭ֣ȻԿµϢΪа
Ƭɭ֣ޣϢ޶ڣ˵滹и߽λޣ
ϢҪĿľǸ·ȥơϣԲκνӴ
ɭϿĿ¶۷ޣֻɭ֮ڷС
ֲ̤ãҶȱʿʬ壬Ӧڲ֮ǰɱֶϽţ촦
ʥصʬ塭
˰죬ҶСǰʱȻһʬ壬ӵһ۾ϳʥţſһ£һеӣҶȻйӡ󣬿ϧˣŽλʥΪȴ
໡
䣬һǴOO@@ͻȻһĺ
ҶתһһͷеֻۡͻޣԼɣԼʮɣϷ¶ֻѪ˫ͫĵֻۣӵѪ죬һֱԾɷ֮⡣
˺󼸲ҶȰһ̾ޡӦôﵽĽλĸ߶ȣ
أ
Ȼ䣬ͷϵޣ·˯ƵģСβ֪ͣʲôʱǰ޲ϰСβ͡
Ī޻ͷ޽֣ҶһһƽʱˣԵġ
ȻˣҶҲδֹٴ˺һЩȻҪܲʰޡ
ٿ
Ҷ벻ģȻһ
Сβһ㻯ΪһӰžͲӰ
ͻͻͻ
һӣǾ޴ޣ°ͱײ߸ȻһҳһӣΧǶϳɽڵɡ

һ棬ϴСޣȻѴٱޣײǺεȵľ
໣
һԾ𣬷ŭצڵţ¾˺һĿӣͻȻ˫һţͬһƶСɽݺһɭ֣һƬľݻ٣ֻⷬǿʼֶҲ࣬һɹа
䣡
һڵֺȫ𣬻ΪһƬ棬޻ģѰټ
޼Ԧռ䣬ȻȻص
֮УҶѰ䣬ƾҵֻͨӦҶ޺棬һҪ͵Ϯޡ

ȻͻȻԼԲСԴ͵ײ޸ѪĽһΰ޸ײˣڰշܰ룬Ǳڵ档
һޣ㱩ŭɱȥһаһſ졣
һΣ޾Ȼûܣѡ˶սײȥٶȳޡ
䣡
£޿ǹ׼޵Ȼײˣʹڵϣ޳ûײţһδιԼʮ֮ԴײһѪ
⻹ʲô
޿һϢеվʱͻȻſС죬һɺڰâһ²סǾ޴ؿʼһС졣
һĻҶȲ֪жͣƽʱСߣ࣬޶֡
໣
ޱˣּҪȥʼرܣϧֻ֮бܣܣ޷ǰһ£ͻȻС䶯£Ȼ٣һ£ͰѾ޴Сӡ
Ȼ֪޾°Ҷȼͷٴ˯¡
ĽλޣȻ͸㶨ˣҶȺһŻع治֪޵ж磬ɳٶѾҶȥյġ
عǰʼΧûϢ
ʥصϢ
ʱ֮Ҷ֮һƬɽͷŸӦ֮ʱȻӦһϤϢ
ʥأʱ䣬Ҷȼʥش򽻵֪֮䣬ʥشϢֱܷ
֮£·һһ棬һ۾ͼһŮʬ塣
Ůʬ徹Ȼǳ¶壬˺ۣΧҲɢſƱĵۣΧһƬսۼŵϢ
սһֱ˳롭
ҶȻ˫ۣǲпģΪ̤һ˶ῴ͸һУʱʱ̿׼ڲͬ½
꣡
һŮʬϣ꼸£ŮӾͻΪһʲôδ£Լˡ
ҡҡͷҶתͣ˺żתǰȥ
ݣ
ͻأ䣬һӰӺ󷽴ֳ񽣣ҶȺš
ɱ̫ˣͻȻգǽѾҶȺԣֳˣҲЦЦͻȻԼ񽣣ϵʧǴҶȺ𣿵ΪβѪƺҲˣ
ٶ̫죬Ҳȫһɱһɱȥ
գۣ񽣣ӰҲ·͸Ҷһ㣬ƾʧ
ಣ
Ҷǰһֱûһ£ͻȻһ񽣣ǰ󷽣ͬʱǴ𺳱ӣҲһֳͬ
һ𣬵ͣ¹һжһ䷢׷ʲô
㡭ʥأȸ֣ͣƬ̣δع񣬵ŵȿڡ
ĸʥصĵӣҶҲһ䡣
Ӳػش׷鹱ʥءӣ
ɱģ
ҶָʥλŮ֮أϡãŮӻ֮ǰʱǰԾ˵Цģ
ЦΣҪɱңѵҾͲɱʥصĵӣһԸĺܣᣬлᣬҪú
ͣ
֪һѾҶһ㣬ʹӺŴ̹
䡭ʬһԵڵء
Ҷһѳ䣬ҳʥŮӴ䣬ҵ֮󣬵߶ƣȻһŰʬ飬ǰ
ɹɽǰɽɭ֡
Լһʱ֮ǰɭְմһ৵
ಣ
Ҷȿǰ𶯵ңһһٻӰżɳͷɱᡣ
Ҷʦܣô㣿
ͻأҶȣԵþޱȣȻĿҶϵƣæʵҵʦأ
˼ֻҵĴ䣬˿ɥĳҶȵӦһ䣬Ů࣬ᣬӲ̡
ʦã
ᵱξӨᣬҧ񴽣Ȼ־˲᣺лʦܣ
ҶѴ佻ᣬҲתƻ⣺ʦδǻشģ
Ҳ룬˼֣һشͨ磬Ƭ磬Ϯҷ׷ɢòϵˣʦûǡ
̫ΣˣҾʦ㻹ĪҪãټӣ⸽Ѱұ
Աң
˭֪Ŀ⣬ܴ󵨵˵
ʦ㣬ʦޣʵҲͬɢѰǡҶȻ벻ԭǸֱŮӣǸͬŮӡ
һֱ֮Уʵкδ㣿
Ĵ߿֮ҲǰʦౣأҶȱȭ˵꣬һתӡ


2117 ħ

ҶȲ룬ħǰ;һЩǿߣģǾӢ֮еľӢ
ʥϢ
֮ҶȾһƬïʢֺʱȻܵϢҲһϿ֮˸
ϢʮϤʥأһˣжϳݣӷӢ
һˣϢƺҪǿ
֪ʲôϢʱʱ޵ĳ֣֮£ҶҲȥֻգ߶֮Ϣ¸ȥϿ֮УȻ
ı̺ģѪЩҲǱ֮еıӢ֣
Ͽ·Ȼͼһսγɵһаϵسײ
ײγս֮УӰ˸ӣҶȷһݣǡＫ桱
Ӣ볤Ｋ涼ʥ֮еĴǳＫ棬ԶӢΪﵽŽλʥ񣬶Ӣǰ˽λʥ񣬵ʵѾﵽλ񣬶ＫʵҶȹŴ˿Ѵﵽλ۷壬ӵλ񿹺
ʵβμ֮еߡ
ʥҲֻзӢＫⷽɭ֮С
ĿΧȻ䣬Ҷȼһ֣ǻǺҶĹװ磬ҲΣҶһۣ˹ĿǣǵͣԲƺҶ״Χϸ
ЩʵǶλλʵ㷿Ӣ볤ＫԸҲ쳣ѣƺǰһƬһž޴ĺ߶ˣŵһرȤ
Ҷ߶Ӧ𽥸ӦǺεȱ
ܿʹӺ֮иӦϢˣҶȻ淢ֺΧ֮УΪ
ܾˣƬռգʿҪˣǷӢＫõһʥؽֻǿߣ
ö˵óѣ
Ҷ߶֮ΧаȻϢԽսܿڵİա
ಣ
ջһץһ⣬׼ץס
˭
֪ＫһŭͻȻֵ⣬벻ˣǰ
ҶĻҳＫҲ޷ɱһץ㱻ߣҶҲûϿһ

ͬʱʧȥľ޴͵һ𣬾ȻԾһʮɸߵĺ֣һͬտֻ۾ҲԲεģݺݵسҶȷȥһɱȥ
ʣ·Ӣ볤ＫĿɿڴӢʵʦ֣벻֮У˵˾ˣɿǹŽ׷ǿߣ
ϢʵٶҲˣҪӳ׷ɱףǺʵﵽĽλִ߶ʥؽǿӦˡʦܣնɱЩ֣Ȼ׷ɱˣغ
Ｋ沢δ¶ŭ⣬һ뷿ӢӾ˵
ʮ֮
ܲˣ
ֻһƬƣħ磬·ĵ̣һӾԽҶڰգȻһڹ
žžž
ҶȲϺˣȻһĺ֣Եú⣬Ϊ췣֮磬⻹ģһͷ˵֣Ҳӵʶϴ˫ħ㡣
һƣͷŵӾˣȡ˱࣬ɣǰҲȡıϧһһ
ɱô࣬죬ᱻɱȻһǵһУ𣿡
Բѣְ˽λʥϣʲô
ҶⷬȻǰѺּŭˣͻȻգ֮䣬֮ϱץһɺɫâҶȶ

ɫâɱ֮ʣҶȴʯһұ˳˦һƾײĺɫâײһ
ʱΧֺһƬ档
ʵɲԵú⣬ǰС࣬ܵסǲܵġ
Ʒ㣡
ҶͻȻ߶Сһȥ
ָӲܣɱͷŻâϾ޴նɱӢＫ涼⡣
Ҷǰʱȴƾʧ·޾Ƶģݲú׹󷽣ͻȻһɺɫâ֮ǰ

ԼУǰȥǰһ裬˷ӡȻ
һָָӡϽ٣ץסԲԴ

Ȼ־ܣ߶һڷӡ֮Ҷָ΢΢ץһȵҹ췣֮۵ܣҾͷŹ㡭
࣬췣̫֮򵥣Ҳ̫߹Լ췣֮֮Уֻ΢ĴڣҾˣҲ
㻹ǲ֮
Ҫ˵ǲ֮Ҳǰɣ㲻ŵĻԽɱˣ췣֮ڣǲģ
ʲôҿжţɷ򣡡
·ֵҶȺˣó治Ҳʲô췣֮޷֪ܣ߶ɷֱӻպֵ
࣬ҵҲգ췣֮磬ûںϱΪС磬ûԳԽ췣ۣ֮ȻɸܵԼϱҶգʮ𺳡
ҶȿɲЩʲôںϲˣ֮ǰ˫ħںˣ췣֮۵Ҷ޷̫һ
ʵھˣҶһֱգѾﵽܾ˵ĵزǳ֮ǰ˫ħ
ʱ
ջΪͨСҶָһճɻҽҶ뿪Ƭֺһɽ
öǺǣں֮ӦÿԴﵽ˽λʥеȸ߶ȡ⣬ջ񣬵ʼڻ
ֺա
ӰֶǱķӢԼＫӢһտķ棬Ｋɫѵֽɱˣ
пܣʦ֣ԺֵʵǶмܣԷȴһˣʵҲܳʦ֣ӢҲ治ѣϧ֮Уʲôû£ֻսǽ塣
ϧˣǺˣҪƬش̫౦̤ģҲʮ£ǿԻòٱ
ǿɷǰ߲ûо԰գǧҪħ޷룡
ûа취Ҷ˾֮УǿΣѵܳǿԼǰȥħ񣬶ΧѰұѾõܶ౦ˣ
Ҫָͬŵģ
ʲô֣ðգõıѵҪָЩһǿԼȡģǻҪߣ
Ｋһӣ뷿Ӣʧڷֺ
ﶼǺʵһ桭
Ҷ˶Ի֮ԱǵЦЦȻץ֮ǰõĺһȥ
췣ۣ֮ǱʵģΪʵͿڽ̤ˮ̤۶Ѱ纺ȻڵͽλʥҲȥ۶˸ǿʵ͸аա


2118 ׹Ǵ
Ч治ȫӿ־˵ҶְɺӿѪ֮УͬʱǿԴ
Ӥһһ仯Ѫٶһ㡣
պ֮󣬽Ѫ˱仯ٶȿʼӿ죬һҶȽָ֮
ҲһںϺһĽλڱҶȲںϡ
ҵΪܿͻﵽ˽λʥԲ;췣֮ոõ౦ͻƾŽλʥҲ⡭
֪֮䣬ʮȥ
ڼҶѾȫںϺֵкһΪѴﵽ˽λʥԲ״̬
ǰ
һΣûзɳԶŰʱ֮ͻȻָӦһ֮ǰõĺ١
̫ܵõƱѪӤԼֻһΣǾŽλʥԽԽ
ɹȥ𽥵һϢǰһɭִ
ϢҶȸܵϢϢ

ɭʱͻȻڲһըʱ䣬һƬɭֻͬʱһҶϤϢϵӿ֡
ǹϢ
ҶȰһ벻ɭ֮Уһ׷һʥصĸ֡
ʥͬȵĴڣҲӷڵʥأϢӷӷʵҪﵽ磬ǲܣʵ࣬Ｋ滹һЩ
ɴҲƶϳɭֶȡϢǿߣп볤Ｋһľ֡
һźɭֱըԱߣͼʮ߰׹ǣΧɱһꡣ
Ҷȴδģ֮УҶҲֻ֪ӷˣǱ׹Χɱ꣬ΪﵽŽλʥ񣬶ʵȻﵽλ
Щ׹ǣʵڶλλ֮䣬ԵòףҲӦ
ҶҲûȥ˭ӦһûӷϢӷϢȴӺ󷽲ԶӷλʱֿжȻûӷҶҲͲϢʮŨҵķ
ܿɭͻȻһ׹֮ɽ
׹γɵĴɽҶȾԲῴۣһĻʵ̫
ϢӰ׹֮ɽ΢΢׹ǿߣڳ˯֮УҲЩͬɥʬΧ߶
ǰ׹Ǵɽ֮ϣ·һͷ޴׹ǹͷȻһ֥
ֻ֥СƴСͨѩףȴһʺҺ֥͸Ϣ˽Ӧ֮ǰĺ
ѵı
Щ׹ǶΣʿ֪ΪʲôΪʬ⣡
ҶЩԥ֣ҪԾ޴İ׹Ǹ֣֣ͰװʧȥǶ֥Ҫ֪һõȫֻһΡ
Ҫˣ
ĬƬ̣Ҷȱ𽥿׹Ǵɽ
ͻͻͻ
֪ΪΣҶѾϢǰ׹ǴɽǻζǸӦҶȵϢ
ಣ
ʱһ߾߰׹ǴӴɽʮ𣬶ʮ𡭡ֱϰٶ׹ǣЩϻЩѪ⣬󲿷ֶǰ׹ǣǵദһԴڡ
Ҷǿǰ׹ǵҵõЩҲǻһɾ޴
Ҷ̫ˣ벻׹ҲбȻ߶֥֮
ಣ
ʱΧɭַɳһЩ׹ǣ׹ǴɽҲʧֻʣһ߾޴ް׹ǣ֥ǳͷ­֮ϡ
ҶһͻȻһΪΧЩ׹ǣ֪ڽͷųӡγһư׹ǰĴ
а׹˵˫ۣʮɶ೤ȻȥҶѾƮֵĴ֮С
¡
ͬʱǾ޴İ׹Ҳվʱߴʮɣÿһ߳ɭֶ𶯣Ҽ¾׹Ǵ֮С
Ҷȫ׹Ǵ磡
ͷ׹ʵǴﵽλ񣬼Χٶﵽλλİ׹ǣο鷳ˣ
Ҷ߶˫һץ˫֮иԳһʥǹ
ৣ
գۼ䣬ʮֱҶȻ
ȻҲʼҶȻȻ壬սʥǹֱӳĹ֣һǹһǹͻͻش̳
䣡
Ҷʵ̫ǿˣˣǻǲҶȵĶ֣ÿһǹӳ˲һ׹Ǵ֣һʱ䴦Ǳըǹͷ
Ͼ׹̫࣬ҶȹͣƽҲǺܾˡ
䡭
·Ҷȵǿ󣬱ǰ׹ͲˣȻԶһһ߳˫۹֣ոջӶ˫۵ĹȻʼΪһһ飬Ϊʮ飬ҶͻȻ
Ҫ֪׹ʵǴﵽλôĹӲȣҲλ˵Ӿˡ
˿¹ͷΪʽһУɿһһƬʵҲһƬﵽλ
ǲҶȻ߳ȥɲЩһһȥһ̳ʥǹ

ʥǹȻǽײɴ˿ɼЩжӲʥǹҲͬӲҶȲϻӶ˫ۣʥǹһ𿪣ҶȻһ׹ǰ
£ȫ׹޵ŭԴͻȻ𣬽ȫ׹Ƕʼֿ
ˣΧһЩλλ׹ǣҲʼԼİ׹ǣһһ׹޵İ׹Ƿȥ

Խ׹Ǽ׹޹Ӫ֮УȻͻȻҶȺѹ
˫㣡
ȻʥǹѾ𲻵ãҶȵ߶ͨ
ͻͻͻ
һʱ䣬һѭпʼ֣Ĵ˫ζҶΪ룬ʱ׹Ҳʼѹ
䣡
׹ʽ˫棬໥ײǴ˫ȫ׹ǣһֻֻײڰ׹֮ϣʱײ飬ֱײûΪ촷ۡ
žžž
԰׹Ǿİ׹ǣȻӲ˫ײܼǱ˫顣

ʱ˿̣ɭ֮⡣
ԹʥǸӣһͷ׹նɱ۵ϢͿǰǿµз籩˭˭Ȼô׹ǽ֣
ʥصĳＫ棬ǡʥءġ󽣡
벻ףѾ֪׹ǵѾ޷õ֥ܺ棬˭ɱǰ׹Ǵɽ֮С
ͻͻͻ
׹Ǵ֮У򲻶׳
˫㵮ˣչĹҲǴģҴ˫ϢֹͣԾ㱻һЩҲ
һ򲻶ߣκι˲飬Ȼֱ쵽׹ǴһЩ׹ǿʼ˫㣬ɱס¾ͺƬа׹Ƕʼɱ
һʱ䴦һ̨޴ĽЩ׹ǿǱ룬ͱɱΪ
ҶʵѾλԶԸЩ׹ǣԼǰ׹ޣ̫⣬λǴ߶ͨȻҪԸ׹ǣҲס
ͻͻͻ
ţҶվڲƵĿһУǰȫģ͵Ϯʵﵽ߽λ񣬲ŶӰ죬ڵʵǰٷְٿնɱа׹ǡ
ӶǶ֥Ҳ֮
Ҷȼ㡢Ȼɫ֮пԿǶ֥Ҷȵġ


2119 ˴졢

ҶԾƣնɱ֪ٵİ׹ǡ
·ǰ׹Ǿͷ­־ŭ£ͻȻſһ磬һҲϺ֮
ͻȻΧ֮Уİ׹ˡ
Щ׹һİ׹ǣȻͨͨް׹ͷ­ҿʼγľ޴Щ׹ں֮󣬰׹ǾȻͷ­γһȼİ׹ǣԽ̣ҳơ
ЩʵһЩصӡ
ҶȼЩӡʱһЩ׹˵ǹŹֵӡԼѪ֡Щʯ֣ǹΪ
ܿ죬׹ָֻ޴ͬʱҶҲٴ˫תһ׹ǸնɱȻ׹ǴʧˣҶƯ𣬴Ҳ֮ʧ˫֣ǰǷ·Լİ׹ޡ
׹ͷϵ֥ȴһֱҶȵĿ⣬֥Ǳ֮ǰɼκﶼҪһںϣȫ
ͬʱһץһƬ֮УץʮЩ׹ǵӵʮһλ
䣡
׹ǾһͻȻԾһԾֱҶǰ˳˫ۣ׹ָҶȺɱ
Ҷһܿɲ濹˾ǾȻλ߶ȣȻ׹Ǿ˫ۣڵ棬ѵӣ׹޼Ծͬʳ
ͷ׹ǾıҲַʽжġ
˹ƣҶһȻץһֻؽᣬҪֻͷ׹޸ѹˡ
䣡
׹ǾԾҶͻȻһİ׹ǾҲ࣬ǲͬʱֻؽұۡ

׹޵ĹӲȾȻ֮ǰһȻûҶֱЩ飬Ӱ׹Ѿ߶ǿҪҶնɱ
𣡡
ҶٴᣬȻһھֱ֮ϣһΣ˳ն˰׹Ǿֱۡ
׹Ǿоκʹ࣬ʧȥұۣһתǶϵİ׹Ǵ֣ȻصС
һĻҶȿɲᣬ߶֮䣬ʹ̹׹Ǿۣ͵һҲϡ
ȻҶչֳռƣز˸׹ǾҲ޷Ҷȣʮ֮ҶͻȻһࡣ
¡
׹Ǿ壬ͻȻӲӴʼЩ׹Ǿͬ߹ƵģϡﻩϺ顣

ûҶѾ׹κλᣬһͷ­һӣͷϵ֥ץС
䣡
˳ұһָѰ׹Ǿͷ­ץ飬Щİ׹ǣڲ֮Уͷ­飬һ㰲
Ҷ֥Ȼתһ֮һɽգĺһ䣺³ɣ
ಣ
׷һʥأʥصλּ꣬ȵԭǳＫԼ󽣣¾Ȼʥصǿߣ
һ̾ϢȻͻȻʲôĪʥͻȻţҶȣ
֪ң
Ҷȱûе⣬ҪΪԹʥӷͬţһ㣬ҶȲѶԷˡ
걧ȭΪʦܣǰʱһֱǰᵽ㣬Ȼû㣬дӡʵ벻Ҷʦ˲֮ʲôţҶʦʮ֮һǰ׹ǾնɱˣҶʦʵȻﵽλ񣡡
Ҳ˺ˣ֪γƺҶȱȭ
˴죡Ҳȭ
ԭʦ֣췣֮۲˵֮أ֮ǿһúģȸˣ
Ҷ֮һѾӰ
̫ǿˣѵǷߣߣԶʱǷߵʱţ
˴룬žһ̾ʶҶȵǿѾʧȥǷ֮ӵԸ
תۣ
ҶȾѷɳһƬƬɭ֣ڻûµ۹֥ˣơ֮󣬲ſʼҪץʱ·
Ľ
һʱ֮һƬɽʱȻ·һɽȣһ羪衣
֮УΨйŽоĽ޸֣·֣ԹŽ
΢΢Ӧ֮ҶͻȻɽ֮У˸Ӧһ볤Ｋ桢˴һǿĸ֮⣬Ӧһﵽ۷Ľ⡣
Ӧ⣬뵽ɽȡ
ɽȣֻһһ˽֣˿Ҳû˼άӦǰ˶ᱦĳǿߣһûѪɫֻûѪ⣬ʵȴﵽĽλ
ʵȻ볤Ｋ桢˴࣬ÿһʥصǿߣϧȻ߶֣˼ά˵罫նɱ
Ƭ̣ҶȾͿɽһơ
ͬʱҶߵڣоһɾ˵Ľ⣬ڱȻбֲһֱҪѹߡ
ֻϧʵֻ̫߾
ҵˣ
ҶͻȻһ
ţ
ֵ߽ͻȻӦʲôһȣҡ󽣡ֵıĪҪ·ǿᣡ
󽣣
Ҷ΢΢һȻ뵽ˣͨᵽһЩţйŽһʥءʥءӵйŽһţ󽣡
ǰꡣ
˵꣬ҲֶҶȣһۣ𺳲ѣƺ벻ʥظ֣̤
·ǿ᣿󽣣ɣҲ֣ţѹߵõ⣬Ҳ֣ǲУֻҳ֣ΣҶȻȻƯڰգԵú򶨡
ò
£·󽣵ս־
һβȻﵽλеȸ߶ȣȻе񽣣˸âֳŵžŹ棡
ݣ
ʼӶұۣ񽣿ƾŵסΧĹŵԲͬٶȡͬ켣߷
˵󽣻һ̤񣬱ȻǸšҶ΢΢ݣͬ󽣵ʵ
߱ϾʵĽλ޷Խģ󽣼ߣҲǲʹΪǸˣǹŹӡưˣǻˣ˵󽣻ûлᡣ

ҲøǿһɨȻѼñըˣ񽣣Ҳ֡
ۣ
һѪȻ˫ۣĵĺȵϧ̫

м֮ʱҶͻȻһһȭͰ߸ˣȻ󽣣Σڵõ⣬ɷҵģ
㣡˺ǧףԵüΪǱԼģսãȻûеõŪˡ
ҶȴͬˣͬͥŲƵģͻȻӿ죬趯񽣣ޱĮɱ
ͬʱҶ񽣣һָ
ಣ
Ҷȹشǰһָ׼ȷصţһըŶã߾ȻǺ޸оҶȻӶ񽣣ҶһƣߵԶ
䣡
һ£ߵԴˣұըʧȥԴѪ֮һӡȼյˣʬҲ׹¡
֮УҶָһץʬ¸ץһžž˽⣬һԶŵĽѧ
󽣣񽣱õĽöˣҪˣѽȻ㣡Ҷһ񽣱Զ󽣡


2120 սȭ
⡭
󽣸ûҶնɱһĻ֮Уͼһ񽣳
һץסȻգĻҶȵӰӣ
ͬһʱʿ
񽣶һ£Ժֻ֮ǰҶնɱ׹ߣӵʵһĻ
ʮ֮ҶѾش֮С
Ǿ޴ħѾˣöܵֻǴﵽħ;УЩ۹ʵҲﵽ˸߽λ
֮ҶǰͿϢУٶ۹˳رܡ
Ϣ
ʱһƬӺϿշɹʱͻȻһУйаϢȻﵽ߽λ߶ȡ
Ϣصø˳ɹǰһƬɭ֣ħ񣬿ȥƽߣһξ롣
ϴһ㣬һɽܺѰңˣ
ɹҶȱϵҲ˻Ӧǻδħ񣬹ƻа£ҶȲܶ϶ϵһ졣
ţ;ҶָӦ˿µĶ֣ԼһЩޣȻǴﵽ߽λزЩƵԽԽ㡣
;ҲûмһĵӣʥΪشҲֻ·һ
һ·ܵõıҶȶһһõرЩ۹ţֻܰװ׷
ˡ
ھɭִҶȣ߶֮ϢԼԦռ䣬һ۹ܷ
ڴʱҶȴüͷһԾȻ΢΢ﶯٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽˡ
ѵ
ɲǷɵģҶٹ˼ٶʮﵽٶȣһͷɳƬӣַǰɭ֡
ಣ
ͻȻһƷٶȾȻҶ֮£ҶȷɳӣƷҲ̳֣Ҳ֪ʲôʱҲգƯһӰ
ҶȻһɫסˣΪߵʵȻѾﵽλ߽λ֮䡣
һã׷ƤɰͰ͵ģ·һʬ˫ȴʮͬһ⻬ֻƤɫǳɫ˫ϣһͭĹ
Һˣ
ӦҶȷûԪϢȻûʶģٿߵﶯİ׷ʱҶȼһѪۣԼ˫ͫͲˣһȥ˫ͫ㲻
û֮ǰΪ´ﵽ۷塭ڣаҶȻήĽ𵤺ۼҲߵĴΪ
۷ĴڣȴҲ췣֮У󻹳ΪۿƵĿܣ̤ǿ̣δ
ͣ
ͻȻһֱҶȶ
Ȼ߷ˣҶҲ뿪ֻһսٶȣ췣֮ۺٶơ
С
ɲǼ䣬߱һȭɱϵͭʼһζҶ˫һᣬʩչС
ٿ
ߵȭͷԼ߽λƣȻʼû֮УҶҲС㹻߹һ㡣

Ȼ䣬һɾӰֱ֧۶ûС֮ͨУȻ߽λҶǰըǰƵСͨԼСԦĿռ䣬˺ѣȻ˲ը
ۣ
Ҷȷ˲飬ҲƷˣߵֱۣҲֳͭȻת
ŵŵţ
˺֮ҶĨĨѪޱȣˣҵСֻԸʵǿУʵңСѾ޷ȫѹס
Ȼʩչͨ˫ۣԼͭӵо˵κͨ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͨһнӴһС

ǵʧգһȭͺɱٶȿòҶȷӦҶȻǴ߶֮Լȭͷ֮ɢһ̣ʱ
ʥǹ
ٿȻҶȱԭһٶԼռƣûת̳ʥǹ

һǹ׼ȷߺ󱳣ǣߵ徹ȻһӲʥǹ棬Ȼû˵һ֡
˳һɨһȭڹʥǹ֮ϣҶȵֱһ𣬹ʥǹڰնϳ˼ء
Ҷȼæͷһ亹
ʥǹȻ̫һᣬǼ̶̳ȣҲǲ˼ģȻһȭ͸ˣҪһȭһ⣿
һ룬ҶȻһ̫ǿˣҶǣǰٱǿʮȴҲƬش֮У˵ﻹб߸ǿĴڡ
ֲ췣֮޷õյܡ
ͣ
߲ҶκλᣬֻҪӦҶȵϢԶսȥ
ʱ˿̣ҶҲߵ۷壬Ȼ߶
磬ߡõʣͨ塣
һΣǰͨȷ棬սһһͨɲǳࡣ
ֳͨӡһƻգޱ֣
Ҳһȭɱޱֶʱڰ֮ײһһʱ䱬ıը
ͨʩչޱ֣濹⣬δƣҶȼ˽λʥ۷Ѿﵽʵĸ߶ȡ
̫ˣ췣ۣ֮Ϊ۹ϵ·ݽߣռʱ
ը󷽣ҶͻȻ߶ߣߺ棬ͬǿĳһƣޱ֣

߲һɣ˽룬Ҷǿ߶ֻصͨޱ֣һĵֱ޷壬ǰ˺üҲץһЩƤ¶ĵѪ⡣

ͨҲ߶֮ǰͻȻʧҷһĳޱֵľݺߡ
䡭
һΣ߱ޱУͨʵǲҶȱһֻǰɣδ˵
ɽ
ͻȻ䣬ҶȱϿգ߶ֻľǿľѧҲʥʱ
ɽ
ʥǿͨӣҲܲ򵽣ܲһԪѾ漣ֻޱ֣һǷǳ
ҶȲֻߣҲʥ񾳽磬ɽʥϹŶ֮УҲֻм˿ɽ
ˣ
һƬȼֻػ֮УͻȻһɽԼʮɣֻؽ⣬ԼֻӡɼҪʩչɽǶôס
ҶͻȻ˫һѹֻشɽֱӺѹ·ߡ
ͬʱͨҲٴδ߶ޱ֣ǯ·
䣡
ɽߣݺƱѹϷһδжıըһѹֱȫ١
ʥǹ
ͨûһǹüġ

֪ʥǹ޷Ƥ̫ˣɽУϹʥǹ޷նɱߡ
ˣѾնɱˡ
ˣȻﵽ۷壬Ҷͨսھһﵽ۷ս
Ҳ̫̬ˣͨҲһ亹Ҷһۣ˺һЩٴʩչޱ֣һбϣҶϷһ֣ͬƲ˼


2121 

ͨһδιޱִֻ֮Ѿ޷ֻ֣·Ҳ΢΢аʱڻ
ޱ֣
ɽҪʧҶߺ󷽣ֱӴޱ֣һнһС
ޱһػߺ󱳣ĺѪƤ䣬Ѫ⿪ʼɣȥնɱҲֻʱ⡣
ˣ
˭֪仯ֿʼˣҶ벻ı仯ֻۣͻȻҡ¿ʼһζҲøѪ죬ҿʼѪ·ۿѪҳҪѵѪۡ
ˣ
Ǵ߶۵ҶȾһæʩչɽҪһѹȥ
ಣ
֮ߵķӦԼٶȣҶȣҶȽӡһȼյֻشɽʱ˫һӣ˫ȭֱӺֻشɽ֮ϡ
¡
ֻشɽʱͱ˫ȭ飬ϵͭ𶯸ңɼʱߵﵽεȵز
ҶҲɽƣۿ߳ûɱʱͨһ࣬߶ޱ֣һֻӲĵ޷
ֻʱģֻǼֱ߱ӣ˫ֻӳһγ˺ѵƣȻޱָǿг顣
ҶץסѵûᣬָҲͻͨãҶһĶá
ͨͨԽնɱȥԿԶңֻд߶ˮնɱˣ
ҶȱͨԼʵֶΣ߸նɱⳡΣ֣ǺȻʵȫ߶֣Ӧòߣͷϵۡ
ʩչҲȻնɱߡ
ֻһ취÷
ɲǼ䣬߱ͨʱҶͻȻһٶȳߣչʱһһˮâ˫ͫ
ͣ
ˮȻͬ죬һ¾ʹ̴ߵͷ­
Ҷͨںϣջˮһһߣ˰ɣ
ˮô̫꣬һڲѾγɣ̫һΪԴⱦˮҶġ
ҶһߣҲֲĵ
ˡ
֪߶ͷϵۣͻȻһ
βᡭ
ͻȻҪҶȵһˮֱ۴̳
ͣ
һˮ׼ذ۴飬֮ĵѪȻһʧ
ûץסʬ壬Բһɽ֮ϣþ췣֮ڲ
ߣҶͨ嶼ʩչǿˮŰƷĵѾ޷ݡ
ˡ
߶տ߽λʵ̫棬Ҷȴδойˬ֮УҪΪһսĹһĶǵսʥֶֻ֣·һ
Ҿ߽λҲҪϣΪӵйۣ֮ߣȴһսȥԿࡣ
Һ֮ǰ߽λ̤˽λʥ񣬷ߣµʩչͨ
ͨ壬ֻҶղ濹⣬һοսʵҲյ
ӿ룬Ҷٴγұ֮ǰҪ߻ʣһδգһɣҶηʵֻ١
Լ֮
һʬͬʯһ飬ΪҶ򳤳һȻѾڣ鿴ΪʵˣѾ˽λԲûжٲࡣ
ħȥٿħ񣬾ͻأվǰƵģ̫޴ֻܿţͷ­аƲ֮УʱħҶȲ
ħ°ϰۣһֻһֻ·һȫ۵սףսʿһֱͦվţƺػĳǿ
ħվڹϴ֮ϣƬȻ߼ʣãã޾ͷ
ˣһӦþǰԶ
ҶСţӦΧЩ۹ǵʵȻﵽ˰˽λŽλĴڣ˼飬ʵҶĻҲֻһ취ܿ⡣
һЩɭԼɽȣǿԼǰսۼӦոս֮ǿʿʱû֮Լ̫Ҫõ̫͹췣ۣ֮
һ죡
һ꣬һɽǰɭ룬Ҷȼɽ϶ǳ˵һ졣
ͷŸӦȻӦǰ
ϴ󣬹
һṦ򣬳ҲӦҶȣŵЦݣ·һ쿴Ҷȡ
ʮ֮Ҷȱ̤ɽ֮УһǰӰһǳ硣
ˣҶҲͬʱȻѪۣżȻԼҲһ·ն
ҶǰʵΣ
ҡҡͷҲᣬһ֮ʱ˵ĺأˣʱָָһ룡
ƿͰ͵صͷûűɫ˭Ǽӵи߽λĹʩչ壬Լ޷
֮ǰҲһǿߣ߽λʵҲʩչһޣвʮ꣬ǿϢһʱ䣬պ֮ǰõһָ֥ã
ٺ٣ϴģߣ
һкöͲһˣҲΪҶȵҲû֮ǰǷݵģ˵˵ЦЦһ֮С
ڲ±һѨѨ֮УҶȾץ֮ǰӰ׹޴õ֥
ر֥̺̫ͬˣ
ֻ֥֣а߰⣺ͨӵе֥ͨӦǻγɣ˵ôһ֮꣬һҲƻָ
һȺ׹õģȷа׹ǵı
һҶһ㣬һ֥һӸպ÷ֳһģһ֥ݽ磬ҶԼҲʳһ顣
̿ʼָƣҶΪ췣֮۶ͻƶ磬ʥжΣҲﵽλʥ߶ʵҲﵽ߽λزϳƵ˶Ը߽λ񲻻Σա
ҲôʵһӦöԸ˽λŽλҲ󡭡
Ҷȿǰħ񣬷·ߣȡȥ췣֮۵λãǻ񣬶֮Ѿ̤
Ҷȿʼյӡ֮񵤣Ҳ췣֮۵õı˽λʥԲڽ̤ŽλʥôΣһݰա
һУ꣡
֮󣬳ֹͣУϢƶһһָ֥Ҫá
ҶҲ˫ۣˣɫп˽λŽλǿߡ
ѣҲҪף֮ǰ˵췣֮֮Уƺغܣԡ˵ơ
°֪ͣʲôʱöһݶƸУһаЦݣٺ٣ɱħħ
ãǼ֣췣֮۵ʲôܣ
Ȼƶ޾̬ҶȻҲģ˵ͷһһ


2122 
ɳһ죬ǰһƬƽֺֺ̹ɽ·𴩹ɽ˲վħŵ¡
Сģ
໥ͷĶһѺΪ￪ʼǵĶֽǸ߽λ
ոնɭ֮УǰͻȻһεض𣬸ԼףƲɾôһ
Ҷǰٷȥֻһ޴ħ֮һߡ
һᣬ˼СţЩǿֻۣƿ鷳
֮ڽ޴֮С
ոս룬ҶͻȻоһ΢ĳһϢƬִ
£ʵ
ҶȵͷŸӦͬʱӦй΢ϤϢƬ֮У
Īĸʥظ֣Ҳʵ
һȡ
д߶龻֣ӦʼӣһԵȴţ˫аͫǺ档
ˣ
ʱ龻ֲжɶ֮УҶ¶˾ϲ˵Ϣ֮ľϵĴԴ֮УһľϵԴı
ϴӤȻľϵԴǾͲܴ¶һԾԾԵ˷ģ
Ƭֲ򵥣ҵǱʲô˵
췣֮۴ΣգҶȿɲΪ˱ԼΣóơҲ
ơ統Ҷǰȥڷ·һأڲܿտ˾޴ɣżȻҲܼϪԼ󣬶е֮ϣҲж۴ڣԪʿ̤Լսµĺۼ˷·ǵһ̤Ƭɭֵࡣ
ԽһſžͻȻ䣬һаϢǰͷų
ಣ
˶ʱͣ£ΪӦɿµϢ
ӹȻǴﵽ˽λǾŽλĴڡţĲͿǰںε
壬ϿֻһˣǴıԴ壬Ҷȣǰ·ң巽棬Ȼ޷Ტۡ
߽λ
˶һۣȻԳĬƬ̣ͬʱǰ

ǰвǧʱΧտľ֣ͻȻﶯһַƵģϷյïʢ֦Ҷ㣬ʼ΢΢ﶯ
Ҷȡơȴһ㵣ΪΧû磬ΪͻȻж

䣬˾뵽һȥˣ˹춯ȻǿߣѾӦϢ
벻ôˣʥ̤ҵء
һΪĵľ紫
ҶΪ֮һһ߶ʱʱ̿׼Է֣Ϊ췣ۣ֮һκιֻսһѡߣٶȣȻǸ߽λĶ֡

ʱ綯ԽԽˣûҶͻȻһ󺮷룬һ̴деӰڿС
ŵŵţ
˼ˣһͬ˺Ӱȥ
Էһʮµ꣬һҶ֯ɵ磬һͷ͵ĳϻƤ֯ɵСͬ췣֮еһһۡ
簵еƺһĹ
ǰʿĹƺҲǼ򵥵Ķ֣һȡ
ҶڻӦ֮ʣȻӦʲôӦһ󣬾̾ԭ˾ǴǿľϵԴϢĴڣϱһľϵԴȻľϵ֮飬ľĴڣ
ʲôǱҪɵģٺ٣򲻹߶ʮһʼĦȭơ
ǽ࣬Ҫԡ
ȻһжУ¶ɱ⣬ۿʼﶯüۿʼ͸һɵı֮⡣
ϴʵǿģȲס׼һ
һЦȷɳ
ͣ
֮䣬ϱһħĳޣӹգĦһȼյħ档
ž
ٶ֮죬겢δκηӦݺݵسϣ˱ˣʵҲѾﵽ߽λʵ򲻻ẳ֡
ͻͻͻ
һ࣬һһɺϯΧҿʼסȻҶȽ
ʵȻˣҲ޷
䣡
֮Ҫ죬ס֮ʣͻȻͷһ˵аâΧ÷׷顣
̫֮ȭ
ƻһʩչ̫ʥصľѧһɴ۵ȭâ·ȫӡɣһȭꡣ
Ӽ򵥣ͬһȭ
һػóֱӷ޷סΣӳʣûץȥ
缰ʱһɱʩչҲһһ󷽡
֣ô߶ͨӦҲԽס
ʩչĶͨҶҲץסᣬֽӡ߶֮ͬȻĳޱ֡
ܵ˹ԵЩæңһ۹ﲻͬԼĶ˼άԷӦҲʮ־ˣԵš
ħ֣
ͻȻʩչ˵ƣȼճħ棬Ȼޱĳϣȫһȼħ˵ٶȣ󱳣һȥ

һ˲ˡ
ͬʱҲǡôһͻȻ̳һڿ֮УܷӦ½һۣ߳ȲǺܾˣϾΪʵ֮ϡ
ߡ
ҶͻȻƾʧ
ͣ
˵꣬ոͣҪҳơ緢йɱ֮ʣһˮâüĴ̹Ҵͷ­

һƣǰʲôûеİգһš
ҶȽֶȻҲࡣ
ҶУŵˮͰĽĵϴ󣬰Ľ㣬ôһ޼᲻ݵˮǿ߶޷ֵ
ҶȿûһˣҪõĶۺ졣
һ췣ܸ֮ǣԷһ·ͬʱҶָѾץͷ
üѪ꣬ǵ۲ϲţƵЦ췣֮۵ܣһƬɭֵʲôʸ֪ɱҰɣѾһӶҪɶƣǲ֪ҵʹ࣬ҵ־ڿңҵʵ粻״̬ɱˣֻϣ
ž
ָһѹһԪ֮ԺʱûκϢֻۣҲʼΪһȼն
ʬ屻ҶģȻơͷǰȥ
һսȻѣ֣ȻһԶȹѹء
֮⣡
Ҷ˵ɳĴ֣ɸոշɳȴϴžɫͣΪǰȻƯߡ
ߵĴڣҶȡơ綼޷Ӧ֮Ѿ޷ݡ
Ҷ֣ǰ߶ûʱͻȻһ߿˵ˣ벻ԪȥģЩݺǿߣʥ
ʥء̫ʥԼʥأ˴ʱʥƺոʮã
һߣȻһߣݣʮߣӦ
ߡݡ΢΢ףȷʮʥصĺţ


2123 Ѫս
ԭҲʿߴݶԻ̾̾Ҳǿ߽֡
췣֮бȻ֮Ĵߡ
ֻҪǵ˾ͺð죡ҶҲͷи
֮ķݣʮǿߣһ㿴Ҷˣһֱûʥ²μĵӣǷֱʥء̫ʥʥأ벻ǳʥصӡ
ҽһ£֪кܶɻ˷ֱʮŽԼ׷ʮߣҪغƬռ䣬һ渺ÿָʱ뿪ϣţĪҪǰһ֣ΪǰĶ۹ʵѾﵽ۷壬ܿģѾ˵ԪɫţĪҪǿ
ҲʮӲϣձаƣΪʬ⣬ǵ·кܳһ̣Χռ䣬ıȻһˣ
鳤ĳ˵
˷ҶҲóʮϣѾһδգѵװ׻ȥ
췣֮ϢϢصϵʧȥλᣬôҪȵ췣֮´οƲл̤Ҫ췣ֻۣ֮ǿͻµĽԼ֡
ҶȵվԼʩ˾ĥ˸ԸκΣգǶҪȥʶʶֱﵽǳܵļޣʱ˳Ҳ
һ߱ҡҡͷĸҸԸ췣֮۵ʲôطˣɲʥ֮ڵռ䣿
ҲֻǸ𶽵ǰˣȻǼԼѡ񣬼·ɣҲ˵ʲôɫ֮пóҶ˴ȥȥ޻ء
ಣ
˹ϴǰһһɹ
ǰӸо췣֮֮У·ʲô챦ҪãҲ֪ͨ𣬿ûʲô֣
ɵǣʱֳˣ
ǵð¸ߣϾ췣֮ڲһУߵģˣܵõ񲻾͵ߵı
Ψħ߶޷Ĵڣ˵ղϣһϣн⿪췣֮ܵԿף
ǰʧıӰʱһɫ
ùһֱ췣֮·ͬҲҪ߹ùãߣ¶ͬĿ⣬˸Դһӡӡʱ췣֮۱Ե
ͬʱҲĬĬ˫ֺʮ
ಡ
Լ֮ڵĴأ΢΢һһɳϯĻ߳һλŮӣȻصġ桱
ǿ湪Եޱȹùã
֮ƽٻ⣬߰˰ҲµΪ֮ǰλʮˣ
һߵùùȻͨޱߣȷΪˣǰ췣֮һֱ춯Ҳ֣ϧһ񣬶ڴ˿̣˾Ȼֻʥȴ߽λ漣
ϱȻ췣֮֮ǰ춯ĳϵ˵ǻ⿪췣֮۵ܣʱȻһ߽˵
һֱע췣ۣ֮Ͼô꣬һֱδ⿪ܣҲ
Ҳ㲻ʱˣ췣֮۵Ĵڣȴʱ䣬ܿ²һ˿Խ⿪ģӦúܿͻлӦ֪£ҲԸ˵õ췣֮۱ôʩչµķӡǿ˲ӡ췣֮κγڣѵ˲ɣ㵣ģϸϸעڲɣ
Եúܴݣ˵תΪһɳɳ֮͸ľӨŴһɳͲˡ
ϼһ˵̫а˰ɣ
ʱ֮
ҶȡơɽǰǰǼ۶Կħһ֮Աǡ
ôһ˵ҶȵҡҡͷѸӦаϢڣԼ֮࣬˲δŻǣô֣κ·һ񣬿¶Ըа
ֳĬһɻżɽ֮С
ͻͻͻ
˸պ÷ɹɽ룬׵Ͽ֮ʣͻȻƵĹ·ȻֵһĻ˵޷ݡ
ֻŴӺĹ·֮һ߳ȻһߴɵĶʯֳˣʱΧ·Ȼʯһ۾Ϳˡ
߽λʯֲ֣ͬˣҶϢɹɽǶʯֵĵβ֣϶ʯΪԶԶˣ˳˳Ҳɲȥ
˵ӿٶȣҪɹɽ
ʯֵٶȣǱܡ
Զһʯ֣ȫܣÿһ̤ܰѴúɽ壬Ҳ顣
ҶˣͬС׷ɱֻһѡʵʯս֮١
ͻͻͻ
ƺҪѾʯ˦벻ʱǸոսһɽ֪ɽ֮һɽͻȻʼͬģɽҵĲȻ飬һŵʯ֣ͻȻվ
ѪĶۣҶϡ
аˣֱۣ¾Ҳܲˣǿܣȥ֪ٵʯ֡
統ҶȣӤǰʯָɱˣȻӤͨϣϵȹɽʯָܵӵеϵϢӦòоѣ
ð취ȶԸͷʯ֣
飬ҶȻͬ⣬ȥҪòܴ췣ۣ֮Ҫٹսȥ
䡭
ʯѾǰ½ضɵʵںˡ
ಣ
˵ϸ߿ա
ͻͻͻ
ʯҲ˲Ȼܼ򵥣˫ۿʼ˦ŷյˣݺɨȥ
ֱ۾һСɽͻȻɱͬСɽڰƶˣҶ˸԰ʵ߷۷壬Ȼһһٶȣޱ۹
˼ҪʯͷʱԷ˫һκɱ

Ʋͷˣֹǳ֣ʱǸͷ
һֱۣһСɽ޴󰡣Ȼ˫Ŀһͷųȼհħ棬ץһħ棬Ϊħȭֱȥ

ʯǺľ޴󣬳ǺС
ʵǾʯֱֶ֣Ʒˣһãþֱٶ˰ģٿʱֱ۷·ˡ
үүģ
ƾǴСǿұۣͻȻǼɱֱſһħ⡣
ͻͻͻ
ħֱۿʼײֱÿһǰħǿ赲ɾʯֱۻӲǰֱֻа׾ʱͣ
ڳ˴ĳƣֱ᲻ʯֶӰ죬Ѿ޷ݣǸһˣһȭ͸

ҶҲ߷ǿ磬£Ѿ߶˾ģȻһֱ濹⣬ǼȥҲüѪ


2124 ɽش
ΨҶȣһ˶һʯֽ֣ΪϾԼ磬ԱҪ׵Ķࡣ
ˣҪﵽ˽λʯ֣ҶȶԣҲһ£Ѿʵ߷۷״̬
Сģ
ҶͻȻ󷽣硢ƶ˵ĻᣬӶ˫ۣɱˡ
ޱ֣
ûԾգޱۣһץ
ͻͻ
ֻ֣ľľѧޱ֣ÿռȻʯ־ޱ۸ոտҪʱޱѾǸ첲˫ٶ˴롣
ž
ҶҲ̫͹һʯ֣Է˫ۺݺݵػңǷأҲҪˣҾз˽λҲҶȳԲġ
ۣ
̲סһѪʱоûиоƵġ
ҺʯֻʩչͨĻҶȲ򵥡
ۣ
綼ҶӵӣⲻǵԸ
Ǻƶüһʱһɭɭ۳ˣ˫ֺʮһαǿһ
ʱƵۿʼζڲⲻϵ˸һҲȻֱӷɱʯ֡

һΣƵȭͷֱײһ𣬲·磬Ȼ濹⣬ǳĵͽλʥΪȻ߽λս
˵ҶȡơӵеĲ壬Ȼһ޶ģҲԶ壬ǱϾʣҶȵļͨ壬ҲǱԴãΨһߣ֮С
ΨгƵۣһֱصģÿһγʩչڴ޴󸺺֮£ȴÿÿɱ澳岻ͬһ壬ȴֻгһӵС
磬ѾΪ߼󣬲֪Щ꣬׿ٹ۷ͨ

һδ߶ģʵҲ߼ֱۿ⣬ҲﵽԿĸ߶ȣƲϹʯֱۣҲʯͷȥ
ʱҶҲܵˣΪΪơ˫зĵܰ˽λӰ졣
Ҷȵ޷ʱ߶һͨ壬ͨʯսû߶һǧ֮⣬֮ǰʣµ֮һ֥ʳԼ񵤣ڹܲԸǰ˵
Ҷָ˸оȻһͨںϣʱ߸Ծʯͬߵĸ߿֮С

ʯ־Ȼʩչ츳ֶͨΣſһ磬޴ʯ飬һҶȺ
ʥǹ
Ҷ㣬㲻ǰ취ɱʯ֣Զ޷ʯ֣ӲץסʥǹŴʯ飬̳һʥǹ
䣡
һʱ߿ҵıը⣬һ˽һˣ·Ǻ໥ײʥǹһǹǹʯ飬Ҷȿʯֵٶȣ̫ˣγ£߶ˮʯ֣ҿԶʯֳ£ܴ߶ˮ
һֶ࣬Ըʯ֣Ȼѽʯֱֵ飬ʯոʯͷֱۿƻҪĻᣬѾʼʯͷʯȻʯΪ
ƽʣ
ȥ治ǰ취ʯֵԴԴϣʯ飬ȥ˭ҲԲ
ֻж÷֮Уˮѡ񣬵޷Զ̹ǻһץʥߣƽʳС
ýӽԪʼķǺ䲻˼飡
Ҷ߷ƽʣƽͬ˲䴩һʯ飬ƽҶȿ£ϵعʯ飬һʱҶǿʯֲϿ
Ҳõ¶һ·նʯ飬Ҳɱʯͷ­ڡ
һĻ˽һ𶯣ʥȻ߽λս
䣡
ƽͻȻ٣һʯ顣
ޱ֣
Ҷȳûޱ֣ʯǰޱֹĿ꣬ʯֶͷǿµĶۡ
䣡
ҶװգһΣ׼ȷػʯֵţǶۿʼһζ
ȥ
ȫ߶ƽʣʱõʱҶֳֻƽʣٶᵽ˼£һ䣬𺳵ʯǰþۡ
꣡
۷·ʵ壬ƽʴ飬֮ʱһĿʼȼգʯ־޴壬ʼϺʯ׵ĸ߿գ׹ɽ֮Уҳһĺ䶯
ҶȳĬˣҲͬʱ˿ͨ壬鷳ˡ
䣡
һʯ֣ͻȻҲʯ׹Ƶġ
ϴ󣬲ˣָˣպʯֱɱʱӦûΣգ
ħһѪȻǰţǱɱ
Ҳһˣ˶Ըʯ֣óԼǿ״̬򲻿սʤʯ֣ʯɱ
Ҳ׷ߣ֮ǰһȰ衣
ɽһɽ֮ϣҶóӡӡ֮գҴͨƶɵĸ߼񵤣˾ʼָ
벻˾Ȼͨίʵ˼飡
Զһ֮С
ʩչͨͨ翴ɽһƬǽ壬ʯֵˣ˾ѡ
ţǹֲšţһʥΪȴȻܰѰ˽λնɱ
ǰǴüԪ̫ţ˿ֲ˳֣
˵ܵõ췣֮۵ܡ
һֱžĿ⣬þöԸţҶΪȻսʤͷʯ֡
ϧĵطǾ޷֪̽ˣ˵ϢǵǿԸӦϣܻ
̾̾ƽ硣
֮
Ǿˣ¾ͻָˣүүģ
һӶ𣬽ҶҲ̷ɳɽɲǼ䣬˾һƬµɽ֮ǰ
ɴ˶Ѿָò࣬
ಣ
µһƬɽ֮УȻҲʯ֣һսǶʯǷˣҶд߶Ӥһ֮ӿʯ
ʯʼ˶ȻΪһɳӿơڣ˵Ʒ
ܿ죬ϢΪһģһģޣɽΧϢһģһȥϢȴʯǰ״̬
Ӥʼˣ
СţҲҴ⣬һܱʯָӦأ
ʱΧɽ壬Ҳ֪ʯһɽ֮УʱѣֺʱͻȻQ
֮˺
ɳɽ֮˲ص˿Ǳû취ǰɽҪС
֮
ãڷɳɽǸոո˲ãǰһƬɭ֮󣬾ȻһƬȼյĻɽ
һɽպݺγɣ·Ҫ˽Ų
ֻӲɽַɭ֮УС֮УҶѾͨ壬ھ֮ǰնɱˣѴľϵԴ͸ӤաУҲһ֡
֪֮䣬ͻȻ
̧ͷһǰȼյĻȺɽа𲻶ȼţԥƬ̣Ǽɽȥ
ɽ֮ǰƲϴֵô߶ӤûϵϢͨɽ


2125 µع
ӤͨɽΨһѡ
Ҷȵ߶ӤͷųбԴʼջɽĻ֮𽥻ΪһԴϵϢӿ硣
Ҳʼû֮ƤԼ֮Уû֮Ϣȫһɽ磬л֣ҲԷκϢ

汬̤ɽ֮УʱȼΧҶȷǰԦ𣬸оκѹҲơϣʹöںϻɽϢӵ
˾СٶȲڻ֮зУ𽥼һЩɭ֣ԼĻɽγɵʱ䣬̫ϣһжڻС
ৡ
ʱ֮ѾɽشԭɽԽκεͽλԼ赲߽λ񣬵ΪӤϵûܵκͬҶһɡ
Խһ壬ͻȻһĿĻ棬ǰ
Ƶͣˣʲô⣿ǿҵĻϵԴϢ
ӦǻϵԴշУпǻϵʶʶѾ
ಣ
ոշɹͻȻһââаϢҲ״̬üĴһۣ׷˹ȥ
ҶȾ̾һ˵ǵƬɽγɵʶڱаסҪƣΪ֮ǰһаѰڣ
ЦǺǵĶҶȣָ̰Ŀ⣺ϴ󣬼ȻǻϵԴʶǳЩϵԴĴڣӤֱջ֮ʶǿ򱶣
ȷĻһɻ֮ʶֱӸӤṩĻбԴС
Ҷˣȼ·뿪ɽ֮Χңɽ磬ӤϵаҲԶҲв
˵ǰ𺣷ȥ
Ҷȣ߶龻֣аϵ﷽׷ȥһ𺣣ĻϵϢԽԽ
췣֮ʵ̫ϣȻʣγʶ֮ǰ飬顭
췣֮۹Ȼӵд֮أȻΣأÿζ֮գ̤Σգĳɹġ

ͬڵĿˮһֱʢȼ֮УӤҶС
׷ˣ
ǰͻȻһаӰҶӿٶȣҪ´ڣҰһ̾ˣаʵ֮ǰľʯֲ࣬ǻ𺣣ʵӿ£
ӤΪĴ֮һҶӵвŶ꣬Ҳֻǿܴ߶ˣﵽԼԪʼ񣬻񣬴߶Ӥ漣˲ԿƬɽ֮ǰľʯ֣Ҳϵֱӿʯ֡
ʮ֮Ҷڳа֡
ٰٶߣںߣٶȸӾˣһᣬͼ֮ǰߵĻ顣
ʶ̶ȣﵽ߰ģǱӤҪĶ࣬һӤںϣӤʶֻ첻٣

ۿҪʱ֪ǰֳһ⣬ǰͻȻײһ
ԭ飡
ҶһϲȻ飬ǻԶںһ˵һͬγɣͬҲͬʡ
ݸ˲δֶãҶȷں֮ٶͻȻ˼޷ڶʱ׷ȥ
ûа취Ҷֻд߶龻׷ٻϢȻҲӦаֵ֣Ǳ˦ĺԶǻƬɽȻԸӦϢʱҲҲֵᷢģ˵֮ǰ࣬ջ޷ӹֿƣΪʶܡ
ٶ̫ˣ
ҶѾͨӦ֪ϢֻԻ龻ֲ׷٣Ƭɽ̫ˣҶʵҲﵽǰ߶ȣҲӲˡ
Լ֮
׷ҶһȣȾһ¯һ㣬ʢȼţȱѸӦλá
ȵף·ԵƽֻǾȼţڹȵףҶȼĲǻ飬һʬ塣
ڻ飬ʬ֮С
ʬԣֻʬ岻֪˶ãѾǼԪ֮ǰǿߣҲǴﵽ۷ĴڣǸˣȻֻʣһ߰׹ǣͷ֮ϣһЩںڷ˿
ʬǵ¸ʿλãһž𣬱žֹ״̬Ҷӵл龻֣Ҳ޷֪ԭǻ֮
ˡ
Ѹײڶ֮ƣָͻȻץ֮ϣȻ·ӡɲǣһ¾ס
ɲʵ
ǻ飬Ҵ߶ӦûоȫɣҶϴ߶ӤһɱԴϢӿӡ֮С
ȻӴʼһᣬǺȴ𽥰ʵʵ
Ȼֿʬǣʬʲôﶼδ£ҲûУǵʱѱȡб
ҶȲҾôаʱɱɽһ˷ȥ
ɽ֮⣬ƺħ˵Ľ£ǰһƬʯְޱʯԭ֮Уڽȴš
ȻһǳɽԵҶȴһ֡
ϴ󣬵˰ɣƺʵ
û⣬һ飬飬пϸоһǾħ񣬾ǰƬʯԭ˰ɣ
ҶӦ˼䣬ȥ˾վǰһ浣ľһţͰԼȱ⣬顣
ħȲȻۣ嶼ǻɫʯʣʯ״̬ۣҲ˲ĸо
̾ƬʯԭǾͿԵħôӦֻȥħƬʯԭ֪ʲôĴڣղ΢΢һϢ䲻ǿңȷﵽ۷壡
һͬʯԭϧ޷УΪʯԭϿգ̫̾ޣ̫࣬ʵҲﵽ˽λŽλ߶ȡ
ʯԭȻĴڣҲڿħĵط
ֵ޷ԿĹǾٶȣǿͻƹȥɹȥħ񣬶﷢ʲô
ҶƶûѾҲҪһ𽥿ʯԭ
ʱżʯԭʯ֣·һƬʯɳͬɳĮһϵɳԵúֲܴڣɳĮǰϸ顣
˵Ϳʯ֮зС
쪡
Ȼ䣬һɷͬѰʼ
˶ͷԣ֪Ǵ﷢ģڴʱֻһ죬·ͻأشһѪڡ
Сģ
ҶȱϾӵߣȷӦԴʱޱ𺳣Ϊɰ㣬ͻȻһУҴһ߰Ĺգۼ䣬ſ죬ֱҧơ

ĳƣ޷ӦһԵҶҲֻܸɵۣҲû취Ϊ·Ǻɫٶ̫죬ʵѾﵽ۷塣
Ѫھ׼ҧסƣҺñֵסѾÿڱѪͬʱҲһѪҧ飬ǷݣҪѳ˺ʱ
ƽʣ
һƱʷ棬Σʱ̣һԴ̳һشѪڵĺܴ
ಣ
ＱæջӣһӾӰһɰвټ
һ̫ͻȻ˴ʱδ
ֱʹ˲žۼһҶ֪޴⣬ֻ˰ˣˣҿ·ƽɰ̾ƽʿӲδնɱ


2126 ׼
үүģһھѰˣ¿ô㣡
سƿƿһô˳ˡ
Ҷȿ·ɰأ쳣ǹﲻ֪ǺεȵĴڣֲ̫ټƻôƿ
ߣѶˣ˳ûǰȥ
ˡ
ɳǧײǹٴ
˲Լͬ·ɰأͻɰ㶼ڶȻУһ֣ҶȱѶˡ
ಣ
ʯ䣬ͷʹ֮ſѪڣҧˡ

˼ʱܣʵ̫ǿٶҲˣֻܴ߶ǿӲͷƤһ
ѪڣֻٶһЩδܵκشҶˣٶȣʹǼʱԵǱѡ
˸ͨ󣬿Դﵽ۷ĹҲĶ㣬Ӧ̫ˡ
ͷֻصɰ֮£ҶȵץᣬæǰȥһΣִһĶˣɰ֮³ʮС
ʮУλʮͷһ۷ʵ
ಣ
˻ٶշУʮ֮УʮͷſѪֱӾ׷ҧϡ
ƽʣ
ҶץƽʣҲǿ󷨱Ѿ޷ܣʮͷӲ֪ж೤ףǻ׷ɱ
ͣ
˵ʱʱ죬ҶҲǳصģҶȻ
һǰЩڣһʱѪ߿գҶһѪͬʱҲͷشǹʮͷ֮ࡣ

ƾҪڶͷʱԷٶȳԽֻԷǰѪڲŲʲôҧһھҧ֮ϣ۷ײóƵˣɫ԰ס
ȻĹҲһͬȻ壬ҲѾ޷мܣҶȣߣ֮ٶߵ˼ޣ̳ƽʣһͷͷΪѹ
䣡
ҲɳȥʣҶȶԿͷ֮ʣ粻ƣһɱ˻ɱۣƴ߶ۣɨһɿµââȻá
·Ƶۣ췣֮۵ͬ࣬ſһаܣâһɨмͷһһұըû߶мͷ顣
ҶҲ߶ƽʣһͷ飬ʣһӣɰ֮¡
ǿڶɷɱغȵүүģȥǷҪȫûɣ
ûа취ˣ
ʱҶȿˣҵô߶ģʵߵ۷壬Ȼ߶ӤϵԴϢӦÿ޵Ǳȥ
߶ģʵӦҲ۷壬пܡҲ޼ƿʩҶ飬ҲֻܵϣϾΪҶȣ߶ģҲ޷ﵽ۷塣
ҶȣΪѾﵽ˽λʥ񣬱;ԽĿǱʵﵽ߽λ£һ߶ģʵıĻʽ㣬ôʵͻᳬ
ǲܵģ
ҶҲ岻ȵõһ鸯ģںѪױѣΪ壬Ͳ磬νĴҶӵгԽ
ҲǿԴﵽ۷壡
ҲĬˣ֪ҶǱƳͨ壬ְǱѾﵽ£һβɹ˾޷Ƭʯԭ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬·ɰشĹ춯
һһɫ԰ף̿·ֻɰ֮УʮС
˵ʮͷǿĹ֣
ˣ˶Կʮͷﵽ۷ĹʵĻл᣿
ġ
˴ʱˣΪħǰһƬû쳣ʯԭΪ·˿µĹ֮࣬ţ¾ҪҲס
Ҷ̴߶ģȻҲ߶ӤʱڵȼΪ룬·ȼյ硣
ߣ
ʱ˿̣ҶʵѾﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣӵ߽λʵ£߶ģʵѾﵽŽλ
һͷһϵâгǰȥ
ಣ
Ҳͬһ̣ʮͷУҧգƺܸӦҶ˵Ϣͣ׷ɱȥҶȴʱٶȣߣҲʼ߶ǧͼٶѾﵽ˼£Ѿ޷Ӱӡ
׷ǧףʮͷͻ֮С
ȻƬʯԭϵش
үүģ֮£жǹ
һֱҿưпһ
˵ʯԭ֮£ӵеĹＸȥ˭ͨƬʯԭ
СģͻȻ·ɰأһЩУǰҲǡ
ЩӦ̫ǿˣֻƬʯԭػأ޷ȷǵľ׼λлȥħ
Ҷȫ߶ӤΪӵߣѾȷЩطй֣ûжʯԭȥ
ȻһҲҪã˷һʯԭʱ춯֮ҲֻǹǹҲʼƬռƹ
ƹʵϴ㻹ֶܼã
ŰʱɣܲȥħǸδ֪Ϊ߶ģȻ˾ʵҲͬĻϣҲ˵ʵ٣ҲĶ
ͨھĻھѾֲסˡ
ǰ㣡
죬Ͳţ֣߲ط
Ʊ߶ӡֳʵҲһʱﵽ۷塣
Ҳͬʱ߶ģʵҲﵽ˽λ£ͬʱưҶڡ
ҶȴʱоޱȣʵߣǶ˵ǲĴڣ̺ħֿںϵδ֪Ǳ壬պÿΪҶȵƶá
ಣ
ͬʱɰ·һٶгˣʮͷȴ֮ӿҧˡ
ҶȵһŶٶȳ˹շҶѷɵǰȥˣֻص档
ˣҶҲҪٽĻᣬֻ뿪ǵʱѾˡ
ˣ
˸ոշɹĵ棬þͻֹҶȹʯԭػأйﶼץסᣬȫħ
һлãǻֻۣƾĸӦ׽Ϣ
ش˹Ƭʯԭ֮£ﵽͷ֮࣬Ҳ˵ﵽ۷ǿߣʵ̫ˡ
ˣߣ
ԼʱתתȥҶеʯԭ룬԰ٶߵ۷壬ħ񱼳۶ȥ
˷ɹİգٲĦ档
䣡
󷽣ϰͷɱڰ֮ſѪڣٶıȵ˴߶ǿʵٶȡ


2127 ϵħ

ʯԭһ˵ȼۡ
ٶȣԽһʯ֣󷽣ȻԼйſѪڣƺҪ񷶼Ҫ˺ҧ

һ滮ʯԭ߿գѾ뿪ʯԭشǰȻһƬڻɫĹϵشͣȳ󷽿ȥֻЩ¹һֱʯԭԵɱ𣬵޷뿪ʯԭ
ЩаƺֻһԽƬҺɫĹϵش

˿ʱأȾǿΧ
ûɭ֡ҲûкûɽֻһƬ϶ƽ̹Ļɫء
ǰǸƵħ񣬴м׾룬뱾ʲô췣ۣ֮ʲô¹Ļ׾Զ޷Խľ롣
˾Ϣָ˵һʱ䣬ʮ꣬ռʱ䣬㹻ˡ
Ҷó˵ָ磬ҲԶԼıչڻ
֮У˵أ˭ɼͣҶȶֻĹȵˡ
ָ֮䣬Ҷȿʼо֮ǰõĻ顣
̾ڲ֮УܵҶȵ־ԵЩ£֮ǰǰƺܵҶ־ĴڣҲǰ㺦¡
һҶȱ㿴˴ţԭıʣȥǿߣеĽ𵤣£ɵĻ飡
𵤣Ϊ飿
ֱûй漣Ҫֿܣܴڣ
ǿ߱ȻҲǻ֮ߣרһ࣬ĽȻҲǴĻʿ֮󣬽𵤾Ȼû飬ؼûʿĿƣҲûԶʧҲδתһ־ֹ״̬
˿ɼʿʵжǿ󣬼ǰᣬȻڼԪǰһݺľ֣ǿҲֲ췣֮۵ҶӵвҲջ
𵤾ȥպջɽĹϴϵԽΪԴ֮УΨһһŽ𵤻顣
Ƕһ޶ģԪ̫ȵȣ
ԵҶȵĴ
صıҵУȻӤںϣӤо˵ı仯ҲúǿӦûиõ÷ʽ
Ҷ˼֮Уһһʱ䣬Ҷȵͫһϲ󣺡Ȼǻıǽ𵤣ΪβֱҵսںϣȻ𵤾ͳΪ˻飬жʶҲǶһ޶ģĸʿĽ𵤣ڶʶ
ڴǣһΪӵлʶ𵤣ԻΪֿӤںϣҿ԰ѽ𵤣н𵤣
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȳѹֵľϲ
н𵤣ֻ˰ԴУ׷Ҳһû˿԰ѽ𵤣ҲƳΪн𵤡
Ҷ뷨˵ĸҶǸӡ
ȣҪľǣýӤںϣ
ӤѾǶʶӵвͬҶȵս𵤣ǾԼʮɣҶȴӷ翪ʼɵĽ𵤡
޷ıģ
һɣעʿɾ͡
ڷʱҶȵĵѷ죬޷УҲǱעġ
еˣڸʱ̫Сǲ̣̫ӣҲɲ˴е˰ѽļ̡ӴôĳɾͣҲǳ˴󲿷
ҶҪ°ѽ𵤣Ӥںϣⲻǲܵ£ǴڿԣҲ̫ˣһʧܣѣòе֮
ȻĻ˶ں֮Уϸı𵤡
õһʿ԰ѽ𵤸ı䣬ֵõűֿԸı𵤣ôҶȴɽ翪ʼͿԸıν𵤣԰ѽ޳ʵĽ𵤣Ҳ԰ѽʮٵĽ𵤡
ǲܣһҲû붼ûΪǴδйģҲһֱġ
ڲͬ
ҶȥУΪõһţɽΪγɵĶһ޶Ļ飬øı𵤣ֱӰѽŻںϣһûжٷգսҲ˻𵤡
飬бԴһûӤںϣӤջʶɾӤһвǲܡ
Щʵ֣ôнһɣôõ飬⽫Ҷ췣ۣ֮ջ
ҲǻıҶ˵һδһн𵤳ɹҶȳɾߵĿܣࣿ
뷨ҪȥʱҲܿʼжȾ
֪굯ָ
ֹͣУָòˣָֻ֮һʱ䲻࣬ץʱᱦС
СˣƬɫ翴ûΣգ˭֪̺ʲôأ
ٴβԶħ񣬶ԥ֮ǰԥĻҶҲܵõ𵤻飬ҶʵҲô졣
ʼСӯɫأһĻҽǱʴģý΢΢һɨ¶ɫϵʯ壬Ҳ֪ʲôʵأܹ֮ӡ
Ӧþǽӽ췣֮۵ش
ʯ壬ҹ⻬ôȻǹġ
˼ǰãԵɫٴһ
ΪǰӰһͻأΪǶ۹Ҷŵòᡣ
һᣬûжһ֣ЩӰҲδһ£˾ú治ѣͼǰ֣ӰǺɫʯ
ÿһʯǺɫģ١Ķһģһоһֱӱʯɡ
þãŻʯϸ˿ǶϤĶۣûϢҲоΣա
ǰһξ룬Ȼʯϣһʬ塣
ʬѻΪ˰׹ǣϱҲ˶ߣԹжϣƱҲһﵽ۷ǿߡ
ϧǿܶɹʯԭȴӦǱɱΪΧʯûΣյġ
ǰһʱ䣬ʬ壬𽥶߰˾ߣÿһ߶Ǵﵽ۷Ĵڡ
ŲϿǾ޴ħ񣬶һЩʯϾȻҲ˲ٵۣеʯһǶۡ
û뵽ʬô࡭
ʱǰһƬտԲι㳡УԼʮʬ壬ɢΧһ߾߶۷ĴڣǼԪ֮ǰᱦǿߣϧܶɹΧռ䣬
еʬ廹д䣬˵Ǻ⣬Ȼ񣬱һ٣һһռ˼ö䡣
ħ񡭡
㳡ǰǾ޴ħѾǰħ·иʯԼޡʯ̫ˣͬǧƺǾħػߣԶӵħ
ȻһЩʯϣǵ棬˼սµĺۼ֣ΧЩʯûУǿħȴսۼ
пµģΧЩǿߣ໥ɱ޷κʣͲͬˣǳֵѾԻأ
˵֮üë
ӦǰɣͬһƬĵ֮ϣȻ˭˼ѶԷɣնɱһͳĵأΪƬİԵɱʱȻй֣Ӧ˭޷ѶԷնɱҲͳɾڵ棡Ϊ֮һ̾
ս
ٴС𽥿ħ


2128 췣֮ȫӡ
;ʯеĿ޴еƽˣЩʯ񣬲֪ʲôеĳа㣬еľ޴ɽ
ǶħһĺϢǱԶ˯ȥҲĳһǻٴѡ
ħԽԽߣǰʯҲԽԽ٣𽥳ΪһƬ޵ش
Ҫħʱȴһţӵ֮ͨߣϷһʮɾ޴ʯۣûκζΪʯƾƯڰգ··ʯԼ췣֮ۼռ䡣
ʯ븡ź󷽣صħ
ûеϸţΪʯۣʲôҲûˣֻʣ¹ʯۣĿħԼĿռ䣬˵췣ܾ֮ħ񣬻ħΧ
ʱħŻ׾룬˵ħոʯ·ʱ˾Ͳòͣ²Ϊǰӵһ͸ĹϽ磬֮ǰδ֣ȴܲǰ
˵ǰħڵĿռ䣬ڵĿռǷֿģҲؿռ䡣
翴ˣҡҡͷ̾ϢϢ̫̫̫ͨǿˣ֮ǰܸӦڣ
Բ֪
ѾҲҪȡҶǰ߳ͣ΢΢ͷһơ

Ƶһ֮˻ҶҲͬʱ˼
߽λʵȻ綼޷Գ̬ǰȻ͸ģκα߶ĸоһ磬߶磬ͻ̬仯ǹǷ
֮ᾲֹ
ǰ磬ȻûзӦϸϸ֪ǰһ磡
Ҷ࣬ȻҶûа취磬ҲУ˿ֱ̣֮ڵ磬ע
ﵽħ;У޴ʯ
һһ֮һۣڶһʯ֣һͷ۷ޣоһֻ𣻵һãɽþʯһȣ̫Զˣһγȼ״һ࣬ԵúƽģһѪɫƤһһͷޣޣıȻſѪڡ
˶ԣЩʯ̫Ϥˣ췣ۣ֮Ķ۹
粻ɵһ̫ˣ
һֶΣܲں磿
Ȼǿǿ󵽿ﵽεȸ߶ȣҶȻкֶܶδʩչɽʱͥ磬һȥ硣
ɷ򣡡
˫΢΢ط͸֮ϣȻ߶ɷ򣬽ɷȻʲôղΪ̫̣ȫûκηӦ
ִֻ߶̫һ಼̫һںɷ֮УӴؽ硣

̫һո磬֪ͱ͸ɢȻûֳ
Ҫ֪̫һںκģھȻûиӦ
ƼҶһδγԣ޹ϴ󣬿ʵ̫ˣȫ״̬ʵ޷
Ȼ翪ʼԣûκηӦҲ֣һģ͸޸Ӧ
ҡҡͷʧۿҵ췣֮۵ܣ֮Ҳ޷ǰһҲҲ㲻ʲô
пͷʯۣ븡ţʲôȻһδڣ˼ϸҶȣְעϷ
粻Լ̧ͬͷҲǸʯкܴ
ǰһݣһȾ·δ̤Ϲš
סҲʲôҲ˵˱ȼ翪ʼ̤ݣһûⷢڶ
Ȼûⷢһֱڽ״̬аи
Լʱ֮˲ŵԼĪ׸ߵݣǰصʯۣʱ˲źȻ֣ԭյʯۣǸĪ͸֮У·ʯۣǽħռͨ
Ҳ˵ʯһͨ
βܴͨأ
ʯǰϸϸһδкأһ鿴ʼûκջ
ʲô⣿һֱ鲻ʲôƢôõĳƣ¿Ƿζըˡ
ۡ
·뵽ʲôĿͻȻʯֿۣȳƣһʼ췣ۣ֮Щ۹Ҿ;úܹ죬ΪаǴ۷ģΪﴦۣĿ齫͸еֻۡ
ƣ㲻߶һԣҶҪ˵˼
ǰһĨĨüģֿʯۣƺֹѵӵֻ췣֮йϵ
꼰޹Ҷ缱æ˺󼸲˭֪ᷢʲô
ǵĶˣֻ˲Σգ췣֮ۻᷢ췭ظı仯
ʯһȻ˫ֺʮüӿһââ֮Уǵֳֻ
ˣ
ʱһâĿʯۡ

âʯ֮ϣ޴ʯûжƾâϯһĻ˶ûʱڲൽ֮ʣͻȻʯۿʼζ

ȻãԼ벻شЦ
ҶҲΪ˶еο췣ۣ֮Ȼ޷ָĹϵ
ͬʱʯ۲Ļζ֮Ȼ˸оط·һ㣬о췣֮۶ڷʲô
ͣ
ͻȻ䣬һޣޱߵ
ɫһæƣ̫ǿˣ֮һƣĪǣǸ֣
ѵֵĶø˵ģٴ߶â
ˡ
ɲ췣֮۵Ļһɫ㣬ޱ޼ʣ仯֮죬޷ԤϣҶȻ䣬ʧ췣֮Ҳ֮ǰƺһ㡣
ʦܣ㵽ˣΧͻȻգ֮ҲˣƺȫʧȥϵӦ
ͬʱҶڵʥصƣ˶Ҷȴ߶֮괫
ӻشҶȹϢʧļ֮ʥӣ˷ν༸ʱʱڳϵѰϢҪ֪ǻ
ҶһֱûлӦڣжղйϵҶϵ췣֮ۻб仯Ŵ߶ƣ֪õϢ
̫ͬʥءʥصҲơϵ˺ܿȷ췣֮۷·𱬷һڲӡ췣֮۸ӡʧȥ֪ʧȥϵ
һ췣֮Ҳͳһռ䡣
ô£
췣֮ڵĻĵ֮£֪ĵ¿ռ䡣
ͻȻһüȻ˫ִ߶һӡ

ӡϷһɽ飬Ҳú˼ʱʧɫܣ췣֮ͻȻӿ˼̵Ľ磿޷һҲ޷췣֮ۿռ䣡
ˡ
ֱ仯ӡʽ֮󣬸һ̾ߵϢҲ޷Ӧˣ˵ϵ׷ʲô£ϧ޷췣ۣ֮ħ񸽽Ŀռ䡭
棬÷Ѿˣ
֪ʲôʱĺ󷽣һӡ
ӳ֣Ϣǿ߶޷Ӧ
һͷںڵĳһƺЩɽͥ˵Ĵ磬ϢʵͨѰ


2129 
ӣ漱æ磡
ӴԼʮ꣬ɣϣȴǵĳ췣֮ͻȻգʥصɵģ˷ֱʥءʥԼ̫ʥأ
ҲǣǸʥصҶȣСû׵˶ɽ磬Ƿߣ
ߡɽ硭
Ϊ֮һݵӣ·ﶯˣɽѾԽȱǣڹ£磬ȫ췣ۣ֮뵱ǿɱУ췣֮һֱûκζ
ϴ췣֮ڲ춯·챦֮УȻһˣ췣֮ϵôõ췣֮۵ıѾˣ
Եߵ֮췣֮ʱֻЩϧ췣֮۲ʲôԪʼµģпǲ˱⣬װײ˭ÿϧҲܲˣ
ʥصӷУԼеʥţһУʥӦö޷췣ۣ֮취ӪЩŰɣ
ȥൣ㣬˵췣֮ۻʲô仯
ӵһӵ¿ռʧ
췣֮Χ
ʥصϹŶǷӡĽǰڳԴƽ磬γԣûа㶯·췣֮۾һԶ޷򿪵Ķռ䡣
֮ǣҲ޷ʩ
췣֮ڲǾ޴ħ·
ҶԶƣȻڴ߶ۣϵעʯ֮Уʱ췣֮ڲκζų
ʱҲΪƸոմ߶ۣ췣֮۷ޱ䣬ᷢʲô
ˡ
Լʱ֮
ʯ۷һȳơҶȡ練Ӧһâѳʯ֮С
ƣ
ҶȼæץȥҲһȥǶٶҲֲʯۿųʧʯ֮С
ǣ
ͬʱʯۿʼ²漴ѷ죬ֻʯӱ䣬һѪۣȻֳֻһδ֪ıʯֻ˲ȴۡ
ʯ۷֮󣬱ͻȻһǶ͸֮Уƺһжδǳһˣȴˡ
οҶȣõģƼȻԴ߶ʯۣ˵췣ֻ֮гһ˿Խȥǻȵһȣ
Ҳûκΰ취¸ţȴš
͸ڲ
ħ磡
ʲôط
գ֮䣬һͨȻڲӦǼµĹ񣬵ǰȴһͨ
Ӿʹ󣬼ȻˣҲʲôΪҲûгȥ·Ȼˣǰȥ
û߶ãͨͻȻʧǰһϵĿռ磬ռ֮УŲٽ磬ÿһ֮ϣƿ̻ıڻͨЩڻƼ۾ˡʯֵȵȵĵ
ǰߣЩڻֳЩɱɱĻ棬ȻǱڻ첻µز£ле㷢顣
һ̫Сˣ
ͻȻһаӿռĳ
һëֱˣ벻滹ʶڣǴ鷳ˣֱգغȵ˭үү
ȻСӻ˵˲࣡
Ҳ˳Ĳֻ࣬߳صļƣ
Ǽа𣬷·˲ڿռųһһһǳƷǡ
ǻҸ˿Ц
ĺȻһݺݵغȵһ򿪷ӡݼˣ
ǣ
ЩͻȻʵʵ
ڳͷԣҲŵзʱǰĽͻȻʼŤû澹Ȼֳһ˼ĹӰ
ЩǴ͸磬ֻһѪӰ
绹ڻû֮УҲԴżǰӵߴ
ÿһﶼ֮ϣǶʯ֣ͷ϶һƬңҲͬͬҲֱۣǷޣ֮ͬϣߴɣǷޣ֮УѪӰӰɾ޴֮ϣֱס
ˣ
ߴ֮еѪɫӰƮȻһģֻǿգͷԼƤѪɫģȻģǿԿüģҲһ۵ġ
ˣ
Ƹ㲻Էڽ˭Ѿ߷ǿʵ׼֡
ЦԼףҪߴｻ֣ⲻЦôߴһ𣬶Իһ硣
ѪɫӰѾưǰĿռ䣬ǰһƺóƴڽ֮Уǻˣӭؼң
ȷڻΪˣһ˾
ˣ
ѪɫӰֱӣȻָüۣԼΧƯӰ˵֮䣬Ψ˵ۣǣͷۣ
ˣ
ӡüĳ˸ӱۡ
һʱ䣬ռڲӰڲ֮УߴҲޱ𾴡
һĻƻʲôȻЦٺ٣ѵ췣ۣ֮ǰһӵеģ
ˣ֪кܶɻ󣬲⣬Ϊת֮ǰһļ䣬ֻƬ洫
Ѫɫ˵ת֮ʣǽ⴦ڵʱգ˵֮˻ٴ̤񣡡
Ƶ֪ԼĿ齫֮ˣǰм䣬ֻ˼ٵһ棬ҵʲôˣ
زͬطѹĴڣ
ѪɫҽܵϷԡѪħ塯Ѫ棬ǻһġ\ʯǡâ֮гġۡùǹʱһĹġĹǴ⽵ġϳޣԭ½ġ
\â֮ۡĹԼϷǹǿĴڣһҲκβǣǲĿ齫ǻ֮վ۷ĴڣԾһһѹ㿴ǣһһ뿪񣬶޴𶯣һһ½ɱ˲֪ۣһͳһ壬ӶԴҲɱ˲٣
ǻǲбɱ¾аĴʹǶ޵еĴڣֲ˵ǿˣĴвδʼӵ˴У֪ĵλڴ춼ȥĴڣӵ񼣵Ĵ˵ڣ˹ϵ㣬ԶŴս֮Уսնɱٵʿ
ѪɫˡѪ桱Ϊƽܵ
\â֮ۡĹѪ桭
һһɨߴǿаĴڣ˫ۺ𺳣벻ԼĲ£նɱ
ôӦöǻĴڣ
췣֮۾ʲôưһᣬʳ֪Ĵ𰸡
Ѫشˣ췣ۣ֮ǰʹõ޵Ϊ̡ǿ֮һһʱջ𣡡


2130 ƵĴ
̣
֮У벻췣֮һжһ֮УȻ뵽һǿУֻ֮Σ
Ѫˣֻ֮ǲĴڣϾֻֻ֮񼣣ǶĴڣ
ԪΣ
Ԫ
Ѫ֣°Ͷһ£סӵѪҲ֮һ¶һݵѪ棺ԪصһҲֻŹĴڣܼģҲֻ̤Ļǿǣ»ŹٹڴԪĸִţ֮ȵģֻԶŵһʮ٣ԶŴս֮Уսȥ죬Ӧ˽⣬ֻҪ˵õȫУϧԶŵһԶŴս֮󣬾ͳˣԶʧĴʱҲ׷ֿ
δСڿ𣿡ԵЩȲˣں̣ٴߴǿߣһȥʲôƨҲҪڽ¡
һţһ
Ȼã
˲ھںϰɣˣΪôǿǺεȵĸ߹ڻУûиԪܳɹǴԪĴڣԪ֮㶼ûжӰ죡
ԪںϴУ
ֻϵʱˣп죬̤ȻðԪҲꡢǧ㹻ˣ
Ҫﵽںϣ
˵ĴУǻںϣʥΪֻһһںϴУ
뿪𣿡
Ȼԣ˽Ҫģں̣Ӧû˶ãֻҪһںϣԼеĴڣ˶߶̫Сӵ̣ҲӲǿᱻЩ̳ʱ򡭡
ˣӵȴʩչ
˷ģһ鷳õģһնɱ֮£κεĴڣʲôԪʼͳͳҪ
ʲô
ƻδѪ棬йκεɻܺ棬ѪǿĴڣѵɵ
Ѫˣ֮ҲЩеԪʼӵʵ統λԪʼΪ𡯣λԪʼ񣬾ȻԪʼΪ̤֮УΪʷָԪʼܽĴڣɼЩԪʼһҪ£
𣡡
ɲǣüͷһ벻ѪԻ֮У֪ܵĴڣҶȵĹϵȻ֪콣ԼĴڡ
ѪΪ֮һ̾ǰҲδֻһֱŹִ˵Ϊ죬һ׷󣬶󲿷Ԫʼ޷ɹ̤ģ޷̤죬ԪʼΪ̤죬˵ȻþõĴ
ȫںϴУҪȵ񣿡ͻȻʵ⣬˳
ţһ¾ͱţƺ壡
ˣÿԼٶȿ죬ںٶȾͿ졭Ѫ·𿴳Ƽ˼
Ҫʲô
ں̣һ˾Ϳọ̈̄˭Ҳߣ뿴
Ѫǰ\â֮ۡĹһָ
ȥֻ\â֮ۡĹ׷׿ʼһߴ¶һӲӵ
ȻѪųƷִĿ⣬ӭӳƵĵ
ǰƱҲ࣬һɫ̣Լһɸߣ϶֮һħʮ񣬶沿ҲƲࡣ
ƺ£Ȼͷоλҵģ
Ѫһж˵ģ
ݼˣ
\â֮ۡĹ֣׷࣬ͬʱƹ
ѪֵˣںϴҪͷۣǰһרΪһģ
ţ
µ᲻һ޷ǿҲûζ
ħ֮⣡
Ҷ罹ã͸һ㷴ӦҲûУ̾治֪£Ҫȶá
û£Ȼ췣֮۷ӡˣһʱȥƵݣҪõ췣ۣ֮ȻһʱҶƽ˵
췣֮磡
ϹŶۼһ֮ߣһͬ취ǿ֪췣֮ڲжΣա
ʥű棬Ҫȫû
Ҫ˽ȳһʥأ޷ܵʧ
ʥʱҲӦö
ʱ췣֮۸߿գĿ⣬췣֮ۡ
ֻ֮Уպվۼһ
ˣһҲԵüΪᣬʮͷһۣǶơ
һѮߣ˫ü罣ȧǼߣۣ֮ϴԼٽơ
˵췣ۣ֣֮޷ħ硭ϧ֮ǰᵽ£˵ˣڿħ磬òʲôϾЩ˵˳֣
Ǻ۽ߣԵúʱϷˣĪҪٴ߶ħ磬ƫƫ´˴ֱӵ췣֮÷գЩʥţҪΪƷ
λáλˣ⿪췣֮۵𣿡
ЦǶ޷⿪ܣǿԣ󣬵֮ԱǵЦЦ
˵˵ĺģ
֮ȵʥۼڴ˵߲ٳ
췣֮ڲ
ħ磬صĿռ֮У
\â֮ۡĹ֮ϣɾ޴һһֻţţ˲ˣ
ַ·ڳ˯·ڵȴ֮һһڳĬš
ߵ֮ϡ
Ѫƹͨʵƺ췣֮۴ڲӡˣҪν⿪ӡ
Ѫͷͼˣں̣ȻõƷӡʱ췣֮Ҳûд壬ϷһͿ֮˵־ʲô¶ΨǴӣʵ췣֮۵ƬĵأҲԪˣ൹ãӦû
ΪΣƺܲ⡣
뿴ܣһЩ֪̳ȻСʱ̶ߣһЩѶϢǴ鷳Ƭĵأ
û
ЩࡢʲôϰˣԵʣǻǿԵģһʲô
Ժ˵ɣ
ƻû뵽ΪԼնɱʵοʼܴУ
ͷۣѪһ˵
ˣ
߶ӡüĳаۣǳƵаֻһƣ۱аġ
ųͷۣ·ӰڻζΧӿһϹââ֮С
ˣںϴĪҪļһѪƺһֱ֪ǸӣСһػ
Ƽ޷죬ҲôЦۣƽҲͬˮͷŵĹâγͬɶ


2131 Ϊ
췣֮磡
ˡƺߣƯ췣֮ϿգûκʿܸӦǵĴڡ
ߺȻ¿ȥʥˣ
żǶ˵ƽ˵
췣֮ڣϼ̨ǰ
䣡
ʥϹŶ׷׼ա
ಣ
ʱһǿնǶסǵ֮磬ÿϢ޵ġ
Щÿһʥص䣬һΪֻһ֮ң˵е䣬ʵѾԽ񣬴ﵽ֮Щվ۷Ĵڡ
һ䣬ƽʱײβشڣ˿ʥصӱ췣ۣ֮ǲòԸ
ʮ֮УֻҲУʮһ䣬һˣ֮УϢΪصһλʥص䣬
ֽڹϣ췣֮ͻȻա
һ䣬Ƣɲá
ŵ涾̲Ÿˮ棬Ϊ£ŸոʧһϹŶ
֣Ȼѷģ涾̲غһҵ£ʥص£һ俴ʥعϵΪ˵
ǰϹŶѾϰӪ䣬ֿһŽ׷ʥҲ쵽ˣ
֪𣬴ʱںδ췣֮۷գǶǴ°ɣһȻɻ
Ҳˣֻ޷ӦϾ񡭡֮УֻдƺѾ̤˰ɣ
ҲֻǸպһſռͨͻƣĿǰ񣬵Ϊδﵽ߶ȣ
䣬һɵʲ֮ϯգǵһʥס

벻ֱӾͳˣһ֮£
ʥϾͳΪĴ״򲻶
ʮλ䣡
ʮһ䣬ŸʥϹŶһһ٣ǰҲһǹŽһ׷
ǰģһʥ䣬֮ÿˣ۷ֶΡ
ɣ
ոջ棬Ȼ䣬մһ֮Ȼʥ䣬ʮˣĪرռ䣬Ȼա
ͻȻһĻʥϹŶˣѵǴ˵еһʥ䶼޷Ӧ
񣬵жǿ
ƶռ֮Уʮʥ䣬һһΪһʥ䣬ǾȻƿأػǵġ
ҲЩʮ̹Ȼ˭Ե籾ʵΪʵԵ취
䣬ƯڰյĻӡˡԼƺߡ

乪ӭ
񣿡
Ȼ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ڴϣ¶Цݣ̫ˣһ񣡡
˵ֶ꣬һԵĻӵʮ֣ϲϲʮɶһƽ⣬Ҫ仯ˣ
ԭ£ʮϹĴڣʮ
ʮңңͷĿҲڴϣĿʼǰݣȻһ֮ȻǺ£ʮһһʮĽҲ֮󣡡
񣿡
Ȼ񣿡
ռ֮Уʮʮ֮⣬ŽԼ׷䣬δִ޳񣬴ʱͻȻһһ޷š
ϾԪֻǲ񣬶Ԫٵʥ䣬һδΡһس񣬶޷ɹһһż֮ǰڣȻɹˣ
⽫ԪΪ䶯Ĵ¡
ΪСģֽˮ֮УֻȻʵ̫ˣζԿâ
ڲͬˣһôˮ֮еĵλֻߣ
ʱ˿̣ͬΨһĴڣâ
˵ĿģΪ췣ۣ֮֮ǰ˳Թ޷췣֮۽磬ڴˣۺǵ˵Ժ磡
ʮˣ֣ڶһ񣬾Ͷһֿܣ
ˡˡ֮ףͻʵֻ˸𣡡
˵ֿ꣬ƺߣҴ磬ʲô
˵ĽƺߣãȰ췣ۣ֮ӻĵ֮ƳʧȥΪ֧ŵ㣬Ը췣֮۽Щ
ƿ췣ۣ֮
ΪҡĽƺߴ˻һʮԼǰۡˡûʲôӦǰʮ䣬һ˭ľ
췣̫֮޴ˣƿ
Ȼܣ֮ģȴ
ۡˡͷֶʮҾýҴ鲻֮ǰôû뵽
ȻˣǾ԰ɣʮɷƵ
ۡˡ֮翪ڵ˺Щʥʿ뿪
ǣ
ʮԿʼӡһͬȥһᣬ·ˣһʥصϹŶ
˿̣ʮۡˡԼߡҡ֮췣ۣ֮Ĭ˴
˲վ췣֮˭Ҳûгɣͬʱǻ˫ۣٶȺ˫ۼﵽƽʱͻȻ˴أ
оڲ𶯣ӻĵ˷ھ֮С
һ޴ޱߵ췣ۣ֮Ȼ΢΢Ĳٶȣ֮˫ÿ̧һЩ𶯾ͼӾһЩȻ֮
һĻƯԶǿǣǴ඼ǴһԪԪĴڣһӶδֳ档
ͻͻͻ
췣֮۾ȻŴ𶯣ڴȵضֲ飬״Ϊ۰췣ۣ֮ʼأա
ʮסʮסʮס
һססס
ǿ߿ǾĶǣҲǰһĻһӣ޷ǵһĻ췣֮۵һĵ۹Ҫ޴Ķ࣬Ȼ֮׵شӴ֮Уա
ѵν
Ҫκһʥأַʽ׾٣ܻ
ᵽĿ£ҲΪһֱûбˮɵԭ
ǧף
췣֮Ưﵽǧ֮ߣԶԶȥ֮УͻȻһֻ˼ľ޴ۡ

вٵľ޴ʯ췣֮۵׶䣬صڴء
񼣣ʮۡˡơҡ֮ȴδκһֶݣƺͨǶԣֻǾּ°ˡ
߽ĺȻתһų𺳡֮еףٶʥţǲʥصĵӣҲδ֮У˵δᵮı״ľţǵˣ
ϹŶһһƯ췣ۣ֮޷ţΪɵġ
˭Ҳû֣֮ΨһһΣѾǳױ𺳡
Ȼһ俪ʼ췣ۣ֮Ƕ֮𾴣ɫĿ⣬ǾԼĽ


2132 
֮΢΢˺󣬿ʮ췣ۣ֮
ۡˡʮԼߡҡпܳɹ𣿡
췣֮۴ӷ̤֮Уδܷб췣֮ӦҲԪʼȼĴڣʵ¿Իǲ󣡡ߡҡҡҡͷ
ʮҲգǿΪ
䣡
ʮֳ
ÿһ˵ʵǳԽӵִ߶Ȼͨ
һɹɾӴ췣ۣ֮ײϧ췣֮ʮȻǺ޶
һԣȻ޷췣֮۰֣κһ֣Իһȴκβ췣֮ۡ
ֽ֮Եú侲ȻһжԤ֮С
Ȼûгɹһ䲻ʹ˰ݣϾ췣֮棬һţغʥصδ
ಣ
ʱȴ֮˴ӴӦǺʥء̫ʥص䡣
к£
˻δ֮ǰߡҡĮȻһʡ
һ죬Ҵᳬǡ
̬ȣĴȻжǴѾΪĴڣȻ֮Դûκθı䣬Ѿͬȵĸ߶ȡ
Цһȴһģҵˣд棡
ʮд£ʮ֣֪𣿡ۡˡȻʮ
ʮҡҡͷǻδһʱң
ʱĴǰǰʥصҶȣȻõһݣδ֪иһݣἰڽһΪ涾ַ֮ڣоܣʥ̽ʧȥһϹŶԼӵĴۣȷȷ£
ʧСʮĿϣǵˣ˵˵ɣ
ǣ
߳ƣȻһְҲΪֻԵʣ֮һƮ֮
ģŵҶǰá
֮ԭԭһһû˿ִ£Ҳʲô
֮У֮ԽǴݡ򶨵ɫһʧ֮һ㵡
渵֮ԼҲһֱ񾭣䣬ҲһֱĬš
̾αɳϹŶð˽λΪżǱ涾ַٴ֪࣬ȻһȥΪݾߣδǰȥֵ̽˷ȡϵڸոͷ֮ʣ췣֮۷֮£
ʮ֮Ƶ֯Ҵδ
ۡˡͷͫһŭҲûʲôӡ󣬵ʲôزٴﵽ۷ǿߣ󶴸͵âʥ񡢺飬йͷԲС
ôͻȻͱɶ֮ˣߡҡҲһֱüͷͬһʱ޷ס
𣡡
֪ʮͻȻһ֮Ĵ䣬ֿ֮вˣ˵Ƿ㲻֣ʲôȻâⲻ˵Ǽڳ⻹ˣǰػģ¾ͿɴС
ͬ⣡
ҲûâǹͬĵˣͬһߣκһʧâóѣҲԲ˺ùӣ
ۡˡߡҡͱ̬ͬʮ
ʮĴ䣬ȷûΪΪ񣬾͵ԵһͬʣζģҾͲöѿˣԼҲᣬâǱΪ飬дʮ⣬ʱؽͿ̿ʲôңǾ;ԲУ췣֮֮£ǾͲùˣʮ䣬ϻظʥأټ֣ȻԼöԲߣȴӷֲʮ֣֯ȶ涾ַ֣иϸƻܲ򵥣âȻž˵ʵҪԸһԸ
ˣ
Ĵ䵱뿪
һṦ򣬾ʥ䣬һͬʮ
֮ĿԶӰۡˡͻȻ˻âʼǸһղð
ߡҡȴҡҡͷҪ֪âĺҲϵҪâ֣Ǿͱһ֣𣿡
Ըâ֮£żҲûбҪ
ʮ˵ڵĻĵأΪǹΧΨһһϵ½أҪǺֻҪ˸ΣâһâǻеڶâֻҪˮڣǾɱĺ־棬ʵǶģ
Һܺ棬ʲôͷʲôͷȻһʲôɸ˵ܣ֮£ʱʥȥǻǿΰʥأžȳ
ߡҡ°Ŀ췣ۣ֮Եزѡ
˵취֮Ҳһʱڤ˼֮С
ңԶˮ
ˮһ򣬶һˣһ޴Ĵ½
Ƭ½ǧǰߣ׷½ʿá
ʱ˿̣½֮ϣƯǿߣ
ͷΪһŮһӵе֮ˣǿߣһԼǿĴڣ
֮һʥҲûУ
ӵе֮ˣŮʦ½Ϊ½Ƭ޴ˮΨһ½ΧɢٵС½أ
Ϊʦһõڶ콣Ҫ׼õ콣ƪΪʦģԵʱҲΪʦʱ½ؽΪʦġа½ｫΪʦĵطŮͻȻˣ˫ԼȻǿɱ⡣
ɱ⣬ƺѾ
ǣ
˹֮һԣ˵ͷ
ֻ߳ʮÿһȻ
ˣкηԸʮľսصŮ
ָ·½ʦ½½һԴ
򵥣ǶûӶ½Դˣʮһ¶ɷЦݡ
ͻȻ֣һȣǻҪסһ㣬ʦҪؽа½ǳʿɶֹҪ½׸ˣ
ʮ󣬵ɢ߿գÿ˴ͬķӡȻͻȻٸֲ˼顢հס𡢽󷨵ȵȡ
䡭
֮е½ޱߵĽͻȻܴըգ۾ϯˮǧɽࡢ黹δӦͻΪ˳һ֡
ɶ񰡣˭ҶԱ½˺֣ҪǵƤǵѪ
ʱŴ½ƬƬһɿµϢͻȻ·𣬻Ϊһֱֻ֣ץʮ
ͻȻɱƣ޴ޱߣͬĻһ


2133 
Ȼ½٣½ˣȻʹޱȣȻ½Ͼôࡢô顣
ô˲Ϣ䣬ͳͳɱ
ʢŭ֮£ִֻŸӿµƣҪѳֵʮץģȻ
ƣ
֪ŮͻȻһһָھ֮ϡ
Ůɲͬ񷷢ŭƺǿݵӣӿԽ½˵Ŀ
¡
ָھ֮ϣԴݿ֮ƣѾƺ顣
Ϊʧʮ½ҲΪ̶̴Ϣᣬӻ½֮У˷ȥ·ͬӭĩ١
Щ½ɰ֪죬ˣ½ҲǲģҲлһ졣
ͳͳѹ
֮Уӵе֮ˣǿͬȳ˷ǿߡ
գ۹½֮һѾڻ֮С
ӣ
ŮͻȻ֣һɾ·ټ½֮УͻȻץһ޴ĺӰ
ʲôӰһ޴Ľһ嫡ׯϡ߹ĻʳǣŮȻ׾ͰһǳأӴذ룬׸߿ա
ŮƯǰĻʳǣʳ֮д񣬻һЩ
Ц½̫СˣҲͨڱһ½֮Уĩ˵ģ½ˣһСĸ߽λ޷ڱǰߵģ
㡭ѵһԪΪԪΪҪ½
ʱһսսӻʳóŭ
½ҲԪʼģ½ıԵ㲻֪½ж嫣ֻһѡ񣬳ڱھҪ㣬ͬĻʳѣһͬ𣡡
ҲһԪɽܾˣ
ԪǺǣΪԪΪͬʥǰףһ߽λԪʼǱǣ½λԪ٣ѹ٣ڱϵԪѾ֪жˣ
ѵ½еĲƸҲϷŹ½֪ҾӪ½ǷѾһӵѪ
СС½ԱѾôҪҲһӦŵ㣬Ҫ½
ʦϷʲô
ŮƯʳ֮У½˶Ի֮ʣһԴŵ֮ˣʱŭֱð߳
ҡԸ⳼
˾ٶЧ
ؼ½ˣͳ˾֮˵ʲôԪҲֻ֮ƣԪΪɽҲԶˮȲ˽
ͻͻͻ
ƯʳǽͻȻʧһ֮İ׷ߣǿߣӻʳ֮зŮӡ
½֮ѳס֣Ů΢΢ס
˵ɳһӡ
ʱ˿̣½˹ؾŮǰһ񣬾ȻŮ˿ħͷĴڣҲֻԸ
ܴŽλΪΪӵ½
Ů¶΢Ц֣½˺Щǿߣͳͳ˺ף½ˣҪɱ㣬ͬһֻϣҲӣ֮ǰǴ½һô
л˲ɱ֮
½˳ûƢԷһȻ˵һҲ٣ֻŽλΪȻ֮ҲûУһӪҲˡ
ŮӲңԶˮ򣺡½ǰޱˮΪԼ·̵ĳˮӦһ½ذɣоҲһϵɽ硢ͨ
ǵˣȷɽĹ֮һϧϸԪ֮ĩݣڹԱߣһĵأĵ֮ʲôµ½֮ͬأ̶֥ˣԪϸԪǰżȻдӹķߣһЩɢ󣬴ƬңԶĻĵضԪѾûκһ󣬴ƬĵϾ̫ңԶ߽λҪʱ䣬˵ͽλ񣡡
½֮ʵشȻֺʵ֪Ϊιעһë֮أ½飬˰£ôƫƧˮ򣬾ӵʲô壿ҹգҲз̤Ƭĵأ
ԭ㲻֪벻ңԶĵطҲ񡭡Ůü΢΢һ
½֮ͻȻˣ²֪Щ
㵹ǺܿԼˣ˵ɣʲô㣬ŭŮӿ½֮
½֮ص˵ƬĵؿܲƿصĴڣκҲ޷ԤȻϸԪ񣬵ϾԪ˵ƿعĴܳϹϵ˻˼С
ǾñûǸʵ

㲻ýͣȻŵ㣬㲻˻Թɫȱ˲ţ
½֮Ƭ̱ŵɫ԰ףŮӻ˻ŵⷬѣԱôȷһڹԱߵƿĴûйϵǻ˵ȥ
»˵ΪϸԪ֮ǰ̤ĵطҲ롮ƺҲڹϵ

ŮϣȫأӼԪʼٴʲôʲôйϵҪõһԪıԺбĿɽԪҲҵ㣬ΪţӴ½ҪΪа½
а½Ӹ߸ϵŮӡ
ΪΪĪа񡯣Ҳ罨ģˣ㲻꣡Ů˵
Īа
ǵ֪ǰں֮¡
췣ۣ֮ڲ
֮⣡
Ҷ˼꣬Ȼûκջ۾ֱˡ
ҿʱǲκϢҳƵıұϵһģǳ⣬ӦǻǸѵõĹúһҶȿ磬װ׵ȥ̫˷ʱ䡣
統ͷպҲҪ¾磬췣ۣ֮ü磬ϧһûƵĻ
Ǻǣǻ㣬õ񼣣ʱٴι⸴壡οҶȻ벻ʱ򣬻Щ֦ĩڡ
Ͱ
̬ҲҪָȻ״̬ΪҪһܸıһĴ¡
ǰѽ𵤣Ϊн𵤣
нһɣôΪߵĿܣˡ
н𵤲ܿЦڴ֮ǰҪ𵤡
Ҫһн𵤣ȾҪѽںǿŻ𵤣һлΪн𵤡
о֮ǰõĻ𵤡
òΪ̫֮̾಻˼飬޷͵漣
壬Ȼᵮһ壬ͨ壬ͨ壬ҲͨĲͬҶȻͬʱں˼ʣԼ硢
Щ˵κβܵģлΪܵһ졣
𵤣γʶ
ʿ벻ģ뵽Ҳģһ֣𵤴ڣ˵ʶٿأԽ𵤲Ҫʶ


2134 н
ҪʶʿҲ޷ý𵤣ӵжʶ
ҶõŻ𵤣⡢ضĻ£ɶγɵģԣŻ¶һ޶ġ
ЩͬʿϣγɵĽʶ⣬Щûб˷ôҶŻ𵤣¼һ޶ģȻҲųҲһлõһʶ𵤡
֮УҶѾһλ飬ɪɪȻʱʱԷһ顣
һŽ𵤣Ȼʶֱ漣
Ī£ҲյĹޣ
ҶȻһ˳Ϣ𵤣Ȼãڵʶ𽥰Ҷڵ
ʼӡעս֮ϡ
ս̫ˣķ磬ҶӤںϻ𵤣ðս𵤽滻Ȼͷᡣ
ӡ֮ҶȱսеķȻ𵤣սһԡ
ɷ򣡡
ںϻ𵤣ֱҶȵǿӵɷֽͨ𵤣ӵͬĻϢںֻʱˡ
սн翪ʼȻɷ𵤽ӴΪûȫս𵤣Ҷִ߶һӵͬԵϢû𵤲ٺ¡
ˣ
ս𵤿ʼջ𵤣ŽһǽӲӵģһǳɫģںһ𣬻ԽɫΪҲƣ˸
ҪȴƳҶҲõʱ䣬ͬʱ췣֮ڵĹڲ֮ʣȫʵҲϵ˽λʥ۷塣
𵤲ϵطһƣЩսںϣսڲҲһơ
Сһɣ
֮
γһƽ״̬ٳųΣգҶҲͷ֮л飬뿪𵤡
黹Щ£ս֮ȴһˣΪսڣӵʮ١̫ȵȹ϶ǿصӴ֮󣬵Եú˷ܣҽ֮лз𣬷֮ϣǻ
ת֮УҶȾͼӿ߶ɷʣһĻ𵤣ҿʼսķţʼʶ֮У鲢ųս𵤣෴սĹ֮أǿ˿ƵĽ𵤣Ҫǿ̫ˡ
ʶҪӤս𵤴󷨡編ӡ֮Ϳʼոսӡ
ǺܳһʱȥʧȥĻ𵤣ֻʣһȦűսһɶ𵤳ʧ
ҶȾҪ飬ںս𵤵ʱ䣬Ҳ߶ӤһͬںϽ𵤡
Դ֮еӤҲڴ߶֮УҶȿʼӤԴƳս롣
Ӧòս𵤣ǻ𵤣
Ȼûȫս𵤣ѾսеķӡֻҪһʱȥӦںϣǶʱġ
Ӥ룬ҶҲбԴͳͳΧӤΧ
Ӿ޾õĸ߼ԴҲҪһɶ췣ۣ֮õһЩ䣬浹ЩԴϴε֮Уӷõ籦֮УҲЩԴʱ㹻һʱС
ϴεõǿصĳɫʯ滹Ҳ㹻Ӥա
ԴбΧӤΧӤĸͷһ춼ڱ仯ʶǳɳܻһʱʶԽôӡһںϣΪн𵤵ʶʶӦûɱ䡣
ʱ䲻ƣҶȸ鲻ںս𵤣յò෨ӡʱҶҪʼҪһûӤںϡ
һںϣôӤȡ˻飬Ϊս𵤵ĿߣսҲʼ仯Ϊн𵤡
龻֣
ӤںϣӤںϽ𵤣Ҷһ֣ǿ󡢷Ƿľͨ
һ龻ӿ֣˲ѻԼӤΧҶȲϽӡӿҲС
ˣ
龻ֿʼת·س֣תҶȵ˳֣Ӵʱ˿̿ʼı䣬µĹ
һδתصƣӿӤ֮Уз֮ںϣϻ龻ֵҶѾٵģн𵤳ɹҲֻʱ⡣
֪õʲô췣̫֮ˣڹԱߣתˣ·һУżȻעġ
ɵĳƣҲڴƵı仯ûɵǣ´μĳƣȻǻȻһµĳơ
ɹ̫Ԫ
Ϊ˼ӿӤںϣҶҲ׷ӿ֮УӤգҲ͸𵤲硣
֪ʮգ۶
췣֮۰ѵ
Ҷ˫ۣڲӦһԭꡢᡢͨˣٻع飬ʥؾۼһʱʱ̵̿ȴӪȣҶţʥز֮ܡ
Ҷֻһ˻Ӧֻ˵ڱһܾҪһʱĪż
ʵҶ֪췣֮Ҫ¿ֻгƳ֣磬ʥظ䣬޷򿪵ģ¾֮Գ֣ҲԾȳʥš
ͬᡢӷ֪Ҷʧȥ֮ҲҶȹͨҶûϵʱȥ֮ٽҲһġ
ˡ
ҲΪҶӤںϣʱ龻תٶȣԽԽ죬Ҷȵעڴ߶龻֮ϡ
֮תͻȻһ鲻ˣֻʣƵӤź˫ۣҶȿ
ָоӤո۵ʱ򣬶Լĵһˣ˺档
ӤضҶȿһĻҶȼͣ˵Ӥں˻ʶʶ֮ʶͻȻɱ䣬·ͻȻͳƵġ
ӤѾһʶ˼άϼǿڶҶȿǸоҶˡ
漣ҶȿҪΪߵʿ޷漣
ȻɹؽӤںϣΪн𵤣ҽ𵤻ӤףڵڶҶн𵤡
һӤڵӣһӵɫʵĳۣ֮УԶΧıԴ˫ͫҪԳɫΪĿǰǻϵռϾ˻飬˾˱仯
ţ
ҶȲԶ磬ȻҶΧһ廷âʵôһӣ
Ҷȵشüɫ֮УԼҸոϴεõĻ飬н𵤳ɹӴҵĽ𵤣Ϊ
찡ǲ˵漣н𵤣ӵн𵤵ĻԺͨˮ𣿡Ҳ˷
Ҳ벻˳֮ǰֻһ룬֪һУһŬȫԸ޳н𵤣ӵӤӵн𵤣ҾߣѾԽԽ
ףصϲ㣬ʵѾǳɹһ룬źܾǰһǿߣҲӽߣҲ״̬


2135 ˮ
ҲõԼʡ
нγɣһʼҶӵеʣ˵׶ǶԼ𡢻̫ʼĻʡ
첻ɣ쾭ŬܻӵУʼҶȶ϶Լ
治֪ʲôʱܳ֡
о̫ˣִԪĴڣӵȷѱû壬ֻйֵûζ
ʮ
ˮԵ涾ڵżɽ
ֻʮͬʥصǿߣʥԼ񣬶޷κθ߲ϲʿ
ʥ㡢涾ַΧȴδ
ͬʱȴһ˫ͫңԶʿ涾żʥǿߣ˫ͫ΢΢һˡ
ϣ
ͫڵĸ߿գ·ͻȻŤռ֮гͫˣһˣһɱ֪ٵɱܶɡ
ʱʮΪﵽ߽λǿߣһһΧ߿շ
ǶԺ˹Ǿ⡣
һ˵ϣ涾·ܷ̳ʥ֣Ҳʮʥ̳ԼߣѰг룬·ֻʣǧɱӣʯϹ֡ͳ죬ڵȴ̳
ĺܺãȾҪȷܣᱻ֮ڣǾҪΪĹУҲᾪЩϹŶ
ǿͷ˼Ƭ֮۶ӦϾҪǵ̳ȥϢп̳׷׷ӴҪƤӵʧҪԸôףôһ΢ķ̳
һﵽ۷ǿ߹ϣâʱˣ֪ʲôı
Ū֮ǻǸ꣬ģ
˵ֿ֮˿·أȻһЦӰʧ
ǲգ۹ȻЦԵˮǰһƬ֧
Լ֮ƽĺƽͻȻðһݣʮǿߴܳˮ棬Ĵڡ
дͷˣһһۺ쳤ۣװζǺɫֻһͷ㷢ڲͬǿ߾Ȼȥֻһʮ꣬ƤЩɫƬ
һԲͬ׳Ǹ󺺣ڼףһƤȻںɫģ˫ͫаĹѪɫ
Լˮâǿߣ۶Լ
Ȼδ񣬵ʵѾ񣬴ﵽ񣬼ϺԽ࣬ʵȫȫﵽ߶ȡ
۶ǿ󣬿ںǰȴԵúܿĿ˵ĺ̬ȣֻһ㣬Ǿʵ
˵ʵѾԽǡ
ǿ׳󶴸ſ׹Ĵֵֿ֮Ƿߵķּ
âߣкҪ£˵ʵ˿ûи۶ӡ
¿»Ҫ鷳潻
ĺ۶һھ¶ѱɫ󶴸ͷͬʱһӡȻ˺չ
ֻǴķӡ֮УͻȻӿ
һ֮󣬳һ޴Ӱ
һֳ֮Ӱ׵֣
ӰȴӰǰֲƽ֣̳Ȼʮ֣ԼټƺҲ͸¶֪δ㣿
Ȼ̳ӻص
ӰͻȻЦ˼Ҷ۸ͷˣҪã˵֣ı˵һڻңǣ
֪кߣԸ꣡
âĵ̣Ǹɴһݣ֣̲ˣ
̲
΢΢һ
ڣǵİʯһ죬˯ȣȲ˵֮£˵âһͳˮΨΪжд̣ϸԪǰйϵҲܸӣҲʹ̲ͷѺƿعܣҲ֮âһͳˮĺԸ
¿²ף»ͨͨ
֣λѵ̶֥С£
νǣһȫϾĹȥȷܸӣâ̲ǰ첻ãҲܴ鷳âҲԱԭѾ˴ɣ
˵̫˰ɣԼâ˵һ˿㲻ϣâ죬ףΪǼҲкܴջ񣬽ҺĺѣҺδһͳ磬һͳؽһ磬еһжʼ֣âڼƻô꣬ǰҲж֮£ھºӵеѾֻͨҪͨˮǿʩˮޱߺˮͨӵӿ֮Уγɵ֮ƣ
Ҫֿ֣ó
ҲӣȻҪóɵ߳гװʱҺ۱򣬻ò
бһʱ俼ǿǣʮʥڼ֮Уο췣ۣ֪֮ΪΣŹУʥ䣬ߣӦҲ췣ۣ֮ʮҪһӳԸЩʱ򣡡
Ŷ
Ǿ޴Ӱᵽ췣֮۵ʱƺʲô뷨
ȸǣ
תʧ
һߣ۶Ǿ޴Ӱǲʲô뷨
ӰɭɭЦôһõ췣ۣ֮Ϊ߶޷õԹ˶޷ҵܣ˵췣̺֮˾˵ıԼܣ
۶ĪǴҪô˻ᣬ췣֮۲ɣ
кβɣԱʵ֮Ǳ֣ǳΪ񼸸ԪҲǵͽλˣ
޳ɴâԪѾռıһУΪǵ֮췣ֱ֮ȻܷŹԸˣҲ࣡ɱڵ˵
󣬻Աθڣڴ˵صȺĻش𣬱ͿʼţȻԶǰ
Ǿ޴Ӱʱˣⶼᵽ֮С
Ϊ⣬ֱۺ춴ڡ
ʮ֮ϣӣһӰ潻ʲôóӰǰֱһ㣬û֮ǰ۶ԻʱǷݰ
ӰͻȻͷмȻâС㣬ҪԸһֻ۱һֻۣâȥ֣պҲԳûΪ㣬̳ӿʵ鲽һǼƻɹδǵģ
˵ˣâȥ֣ûҲԿ󣬵Լûйϵ
мˣȲ˵ڵһҲʵâʵǶ֣㿴Ϸˣֻڰϼɣ
ǣ
źӹǵӰƿնȥźҲ


2136 ͻƾŽλʥ
췣֮ڲ
һռ䡣
μţŷߣԼʮ֮ߣһͬڲ֮ͨƷӡһ·
Ǽ꣬ţԼ֮ʹߣһֶͬ޷֡
ǿϣΪ֪췣ۣ֮Ҫնãʮꣿǰꣿꣿֻ
ͺõһ챦ûʵȥ챦ܵش඼ֱӴڲӡӴ챦Ҳ޷ʹá
췣֮챦࣬ʱڲӡȻǿϣ
֮ڲ뾡취Ǵ߶ԪͨǴ߶ơʥϹŶȡϵȴһӦҲûУɣ췣֮ǲһʱգȻΪβԼɸȡøӦ
ƶ췣֮ʱôĶڲЩԼߣȻδӦκζ
Ӧ֪취ǡ
췣֮ѷʮ꣬Ϊһ㶯ҲûУ
һж̫ˣ˿ϣ
ǰǸ治֮꣬ѵûа취ȡϵ𣿡
ʱ˿̣ʮʥžۼһû˽ͷǶ뾡취ͨ뿪췣֮ۡ
ϣջҪϡ
߱ŰΧʮߣֻʮŵӶʥˡ
һ˫˫еĿ⣬ҲóĬһ֮ףɷΪһԣĪżҲ뾡취ȴҳȥ췣֮ͻȻڲӡߵн硢ͨһһжϣҲûж취ֻǿӦϣ˳ͨ
һʧ޷ݡ
ߴʮ֣ΪǴﵽ߽λĴڣߣ֮ҲͬһϣǴš
Ҷְ׷ɢΧŪʩ
ߴ£ʮִ߶һӡӰӰͷϯ췣֮۵Ľ硣
֪Ҷʦ
ʥֻΧȴҲ֪Ҫȴá
ʥʮţʮʥͬһɽ֮Ϣ̸ͨҶȣɫ֮͸ŵġ
һԵİ΢΢̾һ췣ۣ֮ͬҶ½ͬš
Ҷȡ
֮УΨһˣŲͬ˵˼Ƿ
ţЦɲҪô׾ˣҾҲ޷õƽʡ
ҶõĻƽʣǱʶ֮УһֱΪҶнʵǻƽ£ûлƽʣҶȻţȴɲ˽յҶȡ
νһԻɣܵƣѾ𽥻ָĴ̫ϵӣ˼һֱǵһһ̫ϵڵķ棬ʼձӲ̫Զ
ħռ䣡
ǰյϣҶɴ֮УȻȥڲУкܿ϶һ㣬ȥҲֻʱ⣬Ҫܳʱ޷Ҷ粻ǿ֮Ҳ뾡취ǿһͨ
ѾٴͻƣҶȵϢҲޣɼҶȵΧһɵâ
нԽӽ
֪췣֮Ѿ˰꣡
֮ǰҶȸոн𵤳ɹ֮нѾӽʶƿؽн磬ӤʶȣҲʱʱ̿ڱ仯
нн֮Ӥʼзɹ̫ԪԼȻڸոеĵزн𵤣Ҳ𽥱ס
н𵤳ɹЩһֱڲձԴӡ֮Լ񵤵ȷҶһѾﵽ״̬ΪҲ˽λʥ۷塣
һͻƾŽλʥ񣬻һҾͿԳΪ񣬱˵񣬾ҪâѰ纣Ҳˡ
΢΢һ̾ԵúУΪ˽Žλʥ񣬶ΪȥѰ纺
纺ץ֮ʱҶȼƻﵽʥ񾳽磬ȥ۶󶴸һˣѰ纺䣬Щ귢̫飬ǻصɽ磬췣֮¼仯ͳԽ˼ƻ
ﵽڵʵ̤Ѱ纺ʱ
ϳƵõУʵҲ쳣ˣִâʲôаֵܡɱˣ
ܿȫӿн֮У
ոӿ𵤣ӤҶȣʼԪͷŷȼԪ
ӤĴڣȻҶУһԾһµĸ߶ȣٶȡͻٶȡ˵ȷ棬ٶȽǰ֮ࡣ
õӤϣԪ󾻻ٶȱ쳣͡
һ֮ԪͻΪһɴС
ᣡ
ҶӤͬʱӡӡʼӿһɴСԪ֮Уת֮â֣ԪΪһһߴСԴ
н֮УھſԴɹ
Žλʥʥ۷徳磬ҶڴﵽˣʥǸ߼ž磬һﵽ֮ҶȲһǿߡ
ͬΪǾһСͷԪʼǾǴͷ
ﵽʥ۷ˣ
ͻƳɹͬʱƣ֮е磬Ըо֮Ҷ˲䣬־ϲЦݡ
֮У˭ܵһǿߣȻ˶Ǳ̬Ĵڡ
ž
飬Žλʥ飬ʹ޷ݣҶȱ˿Ȼ޷ƣӤͷŷ𣬰Ҷ
ҶҲʼ׼췣֮ҲòٱպÿգӵеԴѾԽҶٶ٣ȻӵӴԴǷֲϵġ
Լʮ֮
ŽҶϿʼ׼õĸһʱ㷭ӿһ󹦷ܵﵽŽλʥǿС
ﵽһ״̬֮Ҷһͨ壬䡣
̫ҵϿʼÿһҪеֶҪǾ̫ԪԼ

Ҳ̫޼˻ѳ̶Ȳ࣬Ͼֲͬ
ͻƾŽλʥ仯󣬶컯ȭҲδµȭһֱֻ֮ͣУƺҪȵҶȳֻأͻƵһȭ
һ֮ͨ󣬱Ǹͨͨ˳žԼ¯н𵤣ͳͳߵŽλʥ߶ȡ
ΪҶٴα䡢ʵǿӤʶҲ֮һ߶ȣ仯ȻǾ˵ģΪӤٶȣѾҶȵԤϣȥĻҶȵ֮Ҫ
ҶСԼ
ӲԼͨȻҪԴϸ΢С
СŸոյֻ֮߶ɣҪСӵ˵ֻҶһˣСȻǿߣҲӵͨС
о̫ˣ췣ۣ֮ջ񣬲ͻƾŽλʥ񣬶ӵн𵤣ҳΪߵĿܣٴαʵ
н֮Ҷȱ㰲ȱٵľ


2137 ɱ
Ҷ粻ǿ󡢳ҲߴԶžͷ£ܴеʱ̣½رԵȴͻȻ쳣
ʲô
ʮˣһ֮Уɱ
ƺûʲôòͷһֱûն񣬲δɱмֵ˿ʼԹ
ǰ״ˣ

˱Թ֮ʣȻõˮ֮˶ðһЩݡ
׼
ʿԵú˷ܣɢ޶㲻ϣֻͨΪߵĲв񣬳½رԵɱӡԼΪ
Ϊ½صıԵǿҲûжΣգһЩȻӰ죬ǿˡ
ӱݿʼֻһǺܿͱһܣһṦͬˮƵġ
˼㳡֮УѾвӵͼһֻҪһͿٶ
үү
ȫȴʱͬʱڲԶӣһһŮں洹ֻˣˣСӣͻȻ΢΢һ·Ϲˡ
Īµһڱ
СкͣЩҪ֪ǱԴʵҲ²ҲӵзģǾȻ޷ͣһԵСŮԱ˺
ڼҪ
иˣƤڣǸϵˣԵúȴ۰ӡŮæ߹ȥɶ
㣡㣡Ϲ
ûȵ߳Ск˷ܵߺΪᶯ͵ͬʱһ޴ĺӰͬˮ²ϸ
Ӳ֪ǶôΣյСкδԤʾ˵ռΣ֮ʣͻȻ˫ָ߸˳һѪ죬һˮ棬ͰСкСŮ

˷һҽУ˷׷תͼһͷɽһ޴ĺˮ³֡
࡭
Ǳ˫ۣͻȻһâ
䣡
ʮʿ˲һը

ͬʱӲƽһͷͷ;޴ĺҲеĺͬСϴӷ
ʮͷͷǧͷ
ԽԽ࣬ȻǸ߲ԼʥĴڣǧͷӿ֣Żи֣ССӣȻܿͷ֡
ӭ
ͷ׷Ưˮ棬Ȼ룬׷׹£ֻﵽһͷͷ½֮·Ȼﵽϰͷ֮ࡣ
Щ̫ˣǱ񣬾ǿһʥʥ񶼻˲䱻նɱ
ͻͻ
ͻȻˮһκ
ȻκǵĴ硢ԼģźԵǻƣģͬħһ㡣
ͷ֮֮ͬеĵƿк΢΢ͷͷŻվ
ͷκԵüΪᣬʮӣһͷңģȫҲһ멣ԶƺһƬﶯѪ
׺Ц벻м֮ɫԺ멺˵󶴸ͬʱ֣ѾǼԪǰˡ
멺Ȼõ췣ۣ֮ǹȻɱʱ̣ٺ٣֣ҿҪץЩȥ׬һʣ
ǵȻģһܰװ׻ȥ
׺˵꣬¶ɱ¾֮ǰ½أǵˮµֵܣһж
ȸʥǿһҲ멺ǵصͷͬʱһ
ֻ
Ҳ췣֮ڵĹϻĵΧƽ֧ȻþİһˮˣͬХϳ½رԵȻˮλֱӿʼǣһ߽һǡ

һֱ̤½֮УźˮǣҲƯڰա
ĵ룬췣֮Ѿ߸߸գƯţ
ʮʥһλֻ׷¡Žһ䣬ڸ߿취Ҳڵȴʱ
һգϹŶ˾ۼͬһռ䣬ߣ˶ڵȴ췣֮ۻж֡
ﶯ΢磬ϰ죬ôȥһӣһı˵Ŀ
ৣ
Ȼ䣬΢Щң𽥻Ϊ硣
ʲôζ
ʱЩʥϹŶ췣֮ڵĵգۼʱȻŵһɹζ
֮УʥصĲǿȻΪֻǰ˽λ񣬲ΧʥصϹŶÿϹŶʮֿΪǴĵӣһĸ֣Ŵﵽ񣬸޷Ĵڡ
λϹŶľתԶʣֻʱգǿ𣬷·ȻҪ˼䡣
ֻգۼ䣬üζӺˮζлкŨҵԼһɵɱ
һϹŶ㵵ô£췣֮һȻˮ򣬵ˮʮңԶôͻȻŵϢ
̫ͬѰˣôойɱѹȵ޷ĴһϹŶԽľ
ʲôηȥͨʥ䣬ȥ
˱ȭתͲˡ
ʵҲﵽ߶˰ɣ
չֳ˾˵ٶȣʶϹŶʱʵжྪˣҲʼϷ硣
һ֮
ǰѹѹߴ£Ųϯˮˣ췣֮ͦ
ͣ
һâգֻ𺳵ɫͷǿǰкԡ
벻࣬ô췢ǵĵ׺мЦЦҲԳһ⡣
ȴ⣬ߣü붴аѪ
Ȼʶǣ멺ȴΪ֮һ
׺ֱɭɭɱ֮ҲǸΪǵһڱµǿߣ
ɱң
һݵҡҡͷλȻǺ붴аѪףˮΪΪ𣬵½أɲǵ£̽
˼˼벻ֿаѪԻ멺ŭɶâһ߸ϵĶ
ಣ
ͬʱ󷽷ӳʮʥϹŶʥصϹŶҲС
һϹŶĸ𺳡
صһ̾Ǻ붴ԼаѪ
˺ҪߣкʱţͻȻ֣ϹŶȲҪǰ
׺붴Ѿɳ
ʥأ񣡡ԼޱˮߣݷɳҰ
ûСǾŽλһ˽λֱ࣬
ಣ
붴ͻȻֻΪһâ׾޴ֱӾϯȥâձض˺ѡ

һ
ֻɱâǵ֮ƣǶȻ䣬һɸŤռָָƣݺݵһ
ͻͻͻ
âֱӱָָƣץϻغһһĻ·Ǻ붴Ĺʲôͨԭⲻ˻ȥƵġ
ռͨ
붴ͻȻ˫һǱָָѹƵâʱըָָͬʱΪһıը裬Ļ


2138 ֮
ռͨʥ񣬺붴סˣ
һУʩչֶΣѺ붴⣬Ȼ˽ֲûзֳʤͨ棬ѾԶԶѺ붴˦֡
붴ҲǸֱӣڵǶ࿴

ۿ˫ٴνȥʱ˿̴췣֮۷򣬷һǿߣʮˣһʥ䡣
룬ƺ䶼Ϊġ
˭ô˶һ̤񣬶䣬һ¶޷ﵽ
ӿ̷ֶͻ䡣
붴аѪĿٿȻڴԼҶվ䣬ɺˣЦԽ
ʥ䣬Ц׷һʥص䣬ǲԽǹŽʥ䣬ǳ֮⣬ΪǿĴ˽֪Ҳա
ʴ˺붴аѪŻڵһʱ䣬ϳ䣡
ɭɭ뷨صϹŶӭ
ֹסǿһһͣһɨ붴аѪ·һҲİĮĺߵ붴аѪâȻö̤֮ϴ½ȥ
ʥأ
аѪԸоͷųѹƣ͸ӦǶԷ֣ǺߣλȼģЦҪĪǻҪѯҲ֮ߵһ
ͣ
˻һ
Ȼˣ
ͻأ䣬Ǻ붴һаѪǰգһŤռƿȻһƣаѪǰ
ž
һӣصаѪϣ۵һаѪһѪǴ֪ʲôʱֻصԭڵλá

һˮµаѪȻһƣжŭɱжŨң󷽵Ҳɱ⡣
붴æаѪ֮ǰΪ壬Ծɱ¾аѪжɱ˴
붴̫ˣʵȻյ鱨ȻͬϸоϢѾ̤񣡡
аѪưոݣŹʥأаѪһͣȴûвһгȥҴ
ǴȥҲǰ״
˲ϢչֳԽˮߵľʵ˺һҲҲסˡ
࣬Ƕо޷ԽĲࡣ
Ȼ붴аѪǴ½Ǻ磬ÿ㣬ǻ˳½أ
붴ŭ𣬻˵ʵǿǲǶ֣ǼȻˣͲ뿪ǲĶ֣Լ֣֮Ҳ˰벽
Ϊð½أٲȻԼ֮⣬Ƭǿߣף̬һ
аѪߣǽˣ֮˭Һ岽ҪΪǵʳ
˵ǱǱҲֵˣƾʲôǿ⣿
񵱼߳ͬһ㣬֮ȻҪ֡
ߣ
붴аѪмһ֣ʼӡ
꣡
Ӻ󷽣Ҳˮķ򣬾Ȼӿʮ׸ߵˮˣƶͬڽڡ
ˣ
źˮӿ붴аѪͬʱӡ屬˵â붴񣺡һս
Һڴ
ݵĻӦȻѾ߿֮Уһ붴Ҳһɳ߿ա
ҪѪ½֮У
붴˵꣬ͻȻٴαâ׳ֱۣħ֣֮һȥ

ݳȭ붴һȭһƵײһδν֣ԵɴݣǺ붴Щæż
ͻͻͻ
ΪǿԽƣѾӶȥ·أѾױ˺飬ûΪ棬ɽɭֶ˲Ϊƽء
ܿͳһ״ӣɼж£ӿ½ĺˮܿƽӣγһƬǴ
붴һΪⱲӵʣ
ʮн֮ΧһжǻģûдκƣǺ붴ЩƣȻ״̬ǿʵ̫ˡ
͸һƣ·ʤȯգ
붴ʵʮ䶼࣬ҪǿȻﲻˮ򣬿ҲһֺˮıԴս޷ѹһʵѾһʵࣿ
һ࣬ݵڱǰʰ㣡
Ȼ䣬붴Ѿ׼ŭ·ӿĺˮԽȣâһβȻӿˮΪˮ̬ľ޽ﵽ֮࣬˺˵ľ޽ݵشӴ֮´ϸ߿ա
ĿֻһˣǱЩ޽һʥأʥضҪ
ҺΣ
˾˹ȻɳΪӰ·ʧڿռ֮УԷ޽ֻһӣȻƬռ䣬һƬƬƿÿһƬռ䶼ٵ޽
һ񼸷֣޽Ѿ˲٣ͨǾף
֣֮Ǵľѧ
ʮʥ󷽣ϹŶӪ֮С
ϹŶһĻ˭Ϊ֮̾˾ѧʵ죬Ҳ˵˾ѧ
ʥ䣬ľѧ֣֮
ŴͨǿռͨȻˣ봫˵֮һģһ֣̫֮ǿˣ
󲿷ϹŶǵһμԴľѧϾ˼֣Щ֮⣬һܼ֡
Ȼǰ䶼δ˿ɫ仯Ѿ֣֮Լʵ
붴ʵǲԼ˫ۣһλ࣬Ȼսָ߶ȣʱҧгݣ㲻ɣ
֣֮
ͻȻʩչӲ˼Ŀռͨ˾ȻŤشһ޽֮ȻһڵĿռ䣬ֱһ־޽ռƶٿȻͳں붴ǰöԷӦһƻк붴
䣡
붴˱ɣΪǱ񲻸ᣬٴʩչռѧһָź붴üĵȥ
Ҫɱ˺붴

ں붴Σ֮ʣͻȻ䣬аѪ֣һӰٶһֱһ˦һ񣬼ӰʼƶԼڵĿռ䣬Ǿпռһ֡

һΣֵɣֻûк붴ǰǱ
ȻǵӰֳһƤߣâ֣ʵԶ˺붴аѪ
񣡡
䶼ɫǴҲ΢΢һɺ
붴аѪͷȻһͬ󷽣ֻ֮ǰķҲˮĸ߿գһƬӰ
һ޴\Ƥƽս׵ˣһε̵ı֮ϣǧ֣ɭɭԦն


2139 âڝb
ʮⷽǿߣҲһ漴ȥ֮ϵĿÿһ䶼һ
Ҳٴеģ֮ǰâ󶴸֮δ˿ݣŽ֣ȴú
ͬʱ붴аѪճֵͳͳ׺¹
ߺ񷣺ݼף
ѵǡ
ϹŶδڵһʱ䣬ϳ׺
ɼ붴аѪԼȻ¹Ҳ˵ǣˮҲֻһ˿
֮е񣬲ɺźâĴףڝbΧ޾ˮ򣬶
âף
ϹŶĸе붴аѪʱѾ޷ţâ׶ˣʵδâףڶâķǶâǿߵһЩϢ
ܵһʱ䣬ϳâĴף
ǣʱоӶ΢΢ֱһʱĿֱʥʥԽԼʥЦϡ
׷һʥأʥصЦӴ쳣أڝbˣ
ֻ֮棬ѹأʥԽ̽뷨
ϾѾҲ֮һ
һֱĬҡҡͷ֮ѸӦڝbĵδ밵пڝb⣡
ЦԽ䵱ü˵ˣ֮ΪܸӦֵϢ
롢аѪĲ
һա
âסڝb˵ˣڱˣкΧڝbĿһɨǰ߿գĿڴϣ벻ֳһ񣡡
˻δ˿ݣΪڝbڵڿֻǵӦڝbʦ½磬ĪҪսɣ
ڝbȻһЦΪ췣֮۶ǽ˭赲ֻ·һʥɣҪΪͻ񣬾âͻʱ㻹δأÿ
췣֮½һ֣ˮ򣬲ҪҪģǿƵڝbԵΣ壡
ֿ뱾˵̫еˣ
ڝb֮ǰ֣붴Σߣ»ѵѵ֪ߵغļһ
ǣ
һƤĺߣش𣬼һ˫롣
˺󣡡
ף̬ȺܼȻԺս
ЦԽ䣬ԼϹŶ׷˺ΪսӰ쵽ǡ
˺֮ɹЦԽһ޴ǲƣĵ롣
Ƥǿߡ»͸ŲмϾͻ񣬶ѾλԻԸһᣬ˿лܣ
ȥˮ磬ǵĵ˵ͬ𣿡ʵ
ȻϷ·

Ϊĺ»˫ͫâȻһռʱѣգ۱һȭڴǰ

һƺȷСԷλΪѾԶԶԽʥ־磬ʮֲףе񣬰Ԫͻһ硣
һصĲ࣡
ֻһͻȻ»ȭ֮£
ˣƵĿռ䣬ƱϾδȫܣ»ȭƣպþбԵռ䡣
㿪ȭͷ֮ʣ·ʲô֮ͻȻסˡ
ͻͻͻ
ײ֣Ļжֲ
Ƕڵĸ߿գ׵ռ䣬Ǳǿ˺ģ֮ǰ䡢ϹŶδ˺ѾܵһأȻضɰ
رǧʯ׷׻Ϊ촷ۣΧر˺ôǿµĵѳۡ
һλ˲ռͨĹ԰ˣϧֻ̫пռƣ
»ȻռƣٿȻȥȻâΪյƣ·һŴͻȻ
ˡ
ʱɢһ֮Ʊ֮ǰǿ
Ŷ
»ҲִͻȻʩչһֲʵ˲߲٣Ȼ뵽ʲôĪʩչͨʥصһ壿
ǺȻ½˽⣿˼½
øǿĴûӰ»ʱ˸ÿռͨ»Ŀ
壡ȷ˲ã
»ָͻȻһץǾ޴ƴĻƬ׹£
ƣ
һʥصľѧӴͷų»ָһպӡУȻ޷ȴ»ٶһ֡
ʱ˿̣
һ⣬ȻֳΪһƿռ䡣
׷ŽҲֳһӰһͬգƺ۵ġҡЦϵܣ㿴ǵͷ֮£ɾ񣬾һǰţδ̫ż˰ɣ
ȷ֮У޽еţδ̤񣬳˵Щߣȥ֮вٳɾģɾһߣĸҲӦģ
׷֮ˡеĵϧ̫żⲻ֪֮УȻСͷҲǿߣҲʮ⣬Ͼʮǿߣ
ڝbͻȻɱˣΪ췣ۣ֮һֱڰеԴ
Ž֮ҡһЦͬڝb
½֮ϣ
㲻һʥ֮ͨǾ̫ˣܵķڷ
֮󣬴ѾʩչֶΣ»ȴһֱֶΣڲһˡ
Ȼ䣬ڴÿռͨܡ»֮ʣ»ͻȻһһƬȼâȻ˫ͫһڴڸ߿ӿ֡
Ƭȼâռ䣬˲ͷð亹˫ͫ˸֮ʣҪӰʧ»ȴ˫һϡ
䡭
âͻȻΪһȼտռ䣬ռͻȻ׻Ϊ״СڲȻıը𶯣
ʦ
񼸺Ҫȥ
ԼϹŶҲ޷ȥֻ֣۰ͰͿŴ»֮У
ȿȡ
ȼտռʧΪǱز£δﵽ˵ز»ԷѾһɱǰ
ಣ
Σһ̣һӰ֪ԺεٶȣϢڴԱߣȻһһࡣ
»ɱƣ˸߿ĵϡﻩ飡
ڝbͻȻЦԵ޼ɵ˭ԭסڲų
ǱһԱӰȭлӰ׷֮ˡ

Ҳˮ׹
ԴͷΪٹһЩʮУӦû»غϣĺܺãȥϢᣡ


2140 ֮Э
ǣ
԰ʱˮʧӰ٣֪֮źܳ롣
ԥɵӪ֮УõػƽȻһʥضɽһ¶⣬ǰӡ
Ȼ»չֵʵȴÿһ䣬һλλսѾ漣֮УҲǳɹˡ
ԵüΪ򶨣һ֮ڝbô꣬㻹ǵһɣ
ҶˣڱƤӵ£Ǳ֮У˵ʲô׻
ڝbɲ򶨣ˣΪ췣֮۶
췣֮Ҳ½һ֣΢΢ŭ
ǰɣ췣ۣ֮Ǵ׹ģҲ½һһżףȻǱ˶лᣬ֮޷̽ܣԱˣ
ʲôʱҲȥâ
ȥʱȥν췣֮Ѿӡް취
һҲһ֣ˣþõģҾˣҲȸǿ򱶣

ڝb˫΢΢ڱ֮˼£ԽЦԽ⡣
֮£
ڝbưոݣ
ƿռ֮Уһͬһ񣬶Ž֮ҡһֱ˫ü
ˣ
ʱһӰھƿռ֮Уʮ
ʮ׵ջ񣿡
ҵʲôջҿڝbô߲߲ƣĿǲ뿪ģ
һ鷳£
ʮҲɫ·ʧˣΪأϸԪ֮ҲǱĹ¶ͱ˰ɣϻʹ
˼ϷףâʵҺ滹ˮΪɽνǣһȫһâսˣڝb֮˽ɺޣϵ飬ⷽıҪԣЩܣ֮Իǿ˵ǹԱΨһ½أ޷֪ļֵǿս˿ѹâѹˮĺǿں岻ͬǰĺ壬뺣塢ͥռӴӣʵ֮ǿҲ׶Ը
ǰɱһڝbһâͻһڝbѼϯҲֻˡ
ʮ뽣ɫ쳣
ֻһԵ棬һֱûжݡ
ڝbĻʱʥԼʥأ׼涾ַΧˣڝbͳʮͻȻʲô
һţƺâйϵ𣿡
ҵڝbѾйӴڝbΪƫƫ³֣Сķһ
ʮ֮ͫУ˼֮ɫ
½߿գ
һӲӵı֮ϣڝbͻȻȣϻȥ췣ۣ֮ҪˣĪ뱾ֲɣ
ƽش𣺡췣֮۲һ˵ܸģڝbһ췣֮۰װ׸𣿡
ˣһ֣Ͼͻ֮âĴ˷ɱΧʽս
вң
вΣ
һ˵˲㣬һȡ
벻ڝbѻ˵زͷ֮˫ͫ
ɶâһֱΧɱҶʥصӣԼͬ
ǰϣ֮ͬ⽻սֳװâĸ󻼸
󷽸߿ЩʥԼϹŶĸŭգâŵſˣǻȥ
֮£ƿռ֮У
һ֮䣬ĲӰھƿռ䣬ҵ֮ȭ֡ϸ磡
ʮڝbƱҪõ췣ۣ֮
췣֮۲ܸ췣ۣ֮â´ξͻҪһ췣ۣ֮ԼĶ̫̰ˣ
ѵâս
棬һսܴ߶ϵԴͨ飿ˮϵ֮飬ӵвӵ
ʱʮͻȻĿϡ
ĮȻص֮һɣϾ壬࣬б嶼Ҫ̤̤񣬵ǿԱ飡
֮һ
ҲֻһǿҪս֮Уⳡս֮У
ȷ׽սȻǲâһսû£Ƭ½᳹ױƣջΪ޾ˮ򣬶ǽˣ
ڵ彻սҲһȫǣⳡΣֻԼԻ⣬ǿսҲҪҵ취ȫһʥأ
սǺƿԡ
֮ݽһĬˡ
Ͼغغһ½ⷽ½ȻСȴڹԱߣҪԶĳЩдڼֵġ
½֮ϣ߿֮С
ڝbͻȻŭХûȴȥˣӦս
ˣ
ͻȻ˫ͫԺܹϵͷ췣ۣ֮ɣ

ڝbЦˣ쳤ХȻһ췣֮ͦ

ʱ֪𰸣һţɻطǰͬ׷һʥأʥص䣬Ц˵ɲܴӦǣȱ˵췣֮Դ˵췣֮֮ڣһʥŵӰڝbǡ
âóѣǵõ췣ۣ֮һξͻҪԴʥЩӣܶâ֣֮
ԹŽһʥأ֤ʥصԽҲһû𼱻ǡ

䶼׷׹Ըջطâһս
ʱ֮УֻһһֱĬţǱǴ
ڣ䣬óһˮʣ˭赲ڝb
ԣֱӿ
ǶԴͷ¶οЦݣֶǰѺսǺεȵĽʵǣһâֻܵԱȫһ֮Ǿãǰ췣֮۸ڝbʧŵҪǿֱöֱӱâǿ
⡭
һʵһ񣬾һǰ
֮Ȼѡ񣬼ȻѡˣҲѾûء
ߣ֮ΪȻ£ڼȻѡˣѾ˵û취
Ϊǽ͵ģֻô࣬ЩţҲĲ̣ǵУ͵һӣΪ÷ǣ
Եʮ˻ƣҲʮָӡ
λ±иѡ޷ãǵס֣ȫ
ƺģϾǺòĵӣ˭Ըȥ


2141 Ƴ
ǵ飬Һ⣬˶ѣеʱҪЩȡᣬĳЩʱǳȫΨһ취
˵꼴ٸâ;һһ
ಡ
ȻЩᣬʹ鶼չַϣѳɶ֣һᣬŴϽâ׷ȥ
עĿһʱ䣬㻯һӰʧڿС
췣֮ڲħռ䣡
\â֮ۡĹѪߴԶŰһһǹϱ֮ϣڿռػڽմеĳħ
Ϸ֮ϣü֮Уһֱ˸ƣҲմӱͷų⡣

һж·ֹͣ
ͻȻһԾֲâʼ飬۲ϹΪ״̬ĳڡ
Žλʥ񡭡
͸֮£һδ飬Ȼһɹ۲ȻʼѸ͵飬۲ͷԶƸõ⣬̤ʥ۷ĿС
ֻ칦򣬳Ʊӵµ֪жǿҶȿҲԿȴʱĳơ
Ѫ棬бûӦò˰ɣһƱص֮ϣӸ£ߴԶߡ
ߴԶߣ¶ǻĴڣ
ѪվΪа췣֮۷ӡĻѲ࣬нԽԽΪʵ̫Сˣ
Ҫںһ£
Ƽ߶ۣձ֮еĹ⣬Ѫʵ֪걾Ϊѡ
ˣѪش⣬Ϊڵ꣬ҲĲ£ҲӲ̫֪£һֻǴȥ죡

ҲǰʣƼգԼ֮ʧȻ±ֿѪ棺ô죿
ѪҪȡ̣̻ص֣֮ʣΧռ磬²õģһһжʧ
\â֮ۡĹ˼̿ռ䣬Ѫȥ
ͷ򵥽һ̽ӡѪ滯ΪһӰʧ\â֮ۡĹԶŹ·һӳΪʯһ
ħռ֮⣬ǰҶ֮Уʵ֪߶٣̤췣֮֮ǰȣˡ
ϴ󣡡
Ȼ΢΢ƼҲ֮
ಣ
Ҷȡۣ¶ϲ֮ɫֹͣзա
ʯǰʱʯͻȻΪһѪɫۣƴѪһ߳
̫ǿˣ
һƣòʶһ㣬ƴʱδƣҶһ۾Ϳʵ
ּһԵİѪ棬ȴӦκϢ
ôһߣûϢΨһͣѪʵﵽǶ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ҶȼЦ췣ۣ֮ȻĴ֮أ
Ϣ
ȳƿڣһԵѪ棬ĿⱻҶȡǾ̾ҶȵϢܣϢΪλﵽĳ̶ȣ
ֿ磺Ϣ˵е壬ԶŴս֮ǰʧ֮Ͳˣ
ȻһӿǵܣҶȾﲻѣͬʱҲŷ֣Ϊոմ֮Уδüʱ߶ܡ
Ѫ治֪жǿһ۾Ϳǵܡ
ףõѪ棬ǰߣҳϵǿߣ
Ѫ̫̾ˣԶŴս֮ǰԪ񡭡ҲδںϵִڣҲǵһμĺǸʱѾʧҲӵߣڸңԶһ߸ϣ
Ҷȡһ޲е𺳣Ȼд֮õֱϹŶʱжѪȻ𾴡
Ѫ棬׵ˣǾҪһ㣬ɶƴһаֱѪʵ
ѪʲôҲû˵ϵͷ
̫Ҫ˵ˣ֪˵𡭡
ֿҶȡ磬оûжòôһֻĴͷ̹֮ȻһЦȰȡȻһ뿪췣֮˵Ѿкܶ취򿪽磡
̣
Ūôһ£򵥿ʼ˽
췣ۣ֮ڵĻĵ룡
Ҫ𣿡
ƺâĴˣк붴аѪ
Ư췣֮һ֣ʱһǽüͷˮ߿գҲһ
ৣ
һṦͻȻӿһƬİХ֮
ʱͷ޴壬ոֶ·ҲϮʮ׸ˮˣо綼Ҫˮɣ½ؽΪˮ硣
֮ĺи޷ţּҲգȶʮ䣬ԼϹŶźһͬ췣֮ۿ
ҲƬ̹Щǿƺ׺Ϊζʱͷųǿɱֲֻ֣ܳź
췣ۣ֮
ڱ֮ϣǿڝbĻǿߣĿֱӿ췣ۣ֮֮ͫ˸⣬ĺҲֺ¶Цݣ󷽷ͦ
λÿ
и֣һ췣ۣ֮δֻֽͣѡĬĬҡҡͷ
һֱĬ˭Ҳûһ£ʼ˽͡
췣֮ڲ
벻ħ񣬾Ȼһ̣
ǰһܣҶ类ǰħ벻˾޴Ĵڣһ
ƴʱ߳߶ۣ˫ֲϽӡֻ۲һâϯǸߴħ
ħǱģʯһ㣬Ǳâ֮ħΧֿµֻ֮ʯ鿪ʼ룬¶һӲӡϵĲ
ͻͻ
ħʼųƻһץʼСֻգۼ䣬ȻΪһһɶߵ̡
Ϸ֮һǽӲӵħ񣬶ħģȻһģһȫۣ¶֮ǻɫŴġ
ָһץ̱㱻ץУɲǼ䣬͸ݵİԼϢ
ಣ
Ƹ۱УźħռҲʧˣʣһƬϵĿտĵء
ˣ췣֮Χ編ӡͲȥˣǷǣ
ͬʱѪһâ˾ͻӰüĲӰ
ƣѪ浽ʲôˣжǿ󣿡Ѫ뿪ҶҲߡ
ƵĵѪԶšѪħ塯ǿߣưһɱ¾ķǰѹΪ£Ϊٺ٣Ѿǻ񣡡
񣡡
ⷬҶȡ羪˵ߵĻ񣬴˵еĴڣոջǰ
ϧѪ治һܷ֣Ҳ֪Ѵô֪жǿߣҵ̣
ȷˣ̼Ȼֻ֮ͬĴڣǾ߻Ҫı
°ǵţƺ˭ǰɪҳ飡˫ֲǸϤ档
ȥЩʥžۼҲħʧһĻǲ²⣬ֱǱ죡
Ҷȡһͬͷųƽӡʧ


2142 ұ
췣֮Χռ䣡
ٶʥԵ޾ɣеվڽǰеɽ֮оۼǶо췣֮۵õĸֱ
ҲųĬ̩Ȼ޴룬ǽĴڣҲֻһѡǾǵȴ
һ֪Ҫȴã췣֮۷ӡŻʧ
ˣ
Ŵҷ׷ѡĬϷ߿գȻƿ
˷׷һӸ߿գ̾ޣΪλͻȻжĪʲô仯ɣ
ۼڸɽţ׷Ÿʥظ֣ɷݵӪ֮УҲΪߣӦ֪ôһ¡
Сģ
߱˴˶һϾĿһɨٶŵӣһͬӸ߿գǹƿϵ
ˣˣ
Ȼ䣬ٶ֮УӪţ֮ͻȻ
ʥء̫ʥʥء
ڴʱ߿ƿžƶȣôһ£
Ǳŵʦܣʦܣ
бŵʦܣ
̫ʥءʥһţظߺʥʮŵӣҲ¶ŵЦݣΪҲӦҶȵϢҪ߿֮ϡ
ʥһŵ񾭣һʧֻҪΣվͺá
ߣͻȻʲôĪǾħռСӣ

ʯ䣬һ֮Ƹ߿նȥֻģӰ˲ʵʮŵӣҶȡơˡ
ʥظ֣׷߳ʦܣ
ơҶȡϢƿնʱԶǿ̫࣬ٴμʥͬţȴһ˵ĸо
֣Ҳ⣬ǶǲһǿߣҶ޷ӦҶ˵ϢǾʥصһҶȣ˲伤ŭ𣬿һֱҪҶȡ
ԾʥصĽʥص󽣡ʥص˴ӷҲԲͬ
˱仯̫ˣÿ˾綼ֹһ磬ǵϢһ޷ǳ
Ԫμ֮Уδ·
˵췣֮ͻȻգйϵֱնΧЩޣԶԶ뿪ҲǴδֹף֮ǰħͻȻʧˣʱֳ֣
ڰнΪĻƿߣԼ췣֮۵˽⣬ѿдڵΡ
Ҷ߳һţȭʩλĪż̫ʥصĳʦܣõһݹžž¼췣֮Χ󷨣ϻ뿪췣ۣ֮
Ծʥصţ󵱳һʵĪ췣̫֮ۡʥصĳƵõˣ
⣬Ȼһ뵽ʳ֮ҲǿڴţҲȴ
Ʋм߳ƺ֪ʥصĹڣЦ˲һžߵ췣֮۵ر

һʱǾ̾Ľ֮
ŲμΪ˵õ췣֮رϧ˭Ҳ벻ᱻһոˣַʽ׵õ
ӡһʧϸ֪
Ҳ¶Ŀ⣬췣֮ͻȻͱ˵õʵ̫졣
ҶҶɣɳʦᷨӡұ뿪췣ۣ֮
Ƿ׷׶Ȼвζɱ£ǿ󣬶ҪǣҪ˭˼Ҫ뿪췣֮ۡ
ʥء̫ʥءʥΪʥţµǰ׵һѡ
ͷ֮磬ĵظ߿գ
ô
붴аѪӺӪ֮зɳǰΪһʱȥˣʥϹŶƺ췣֮ǰÿ붴ɱͬһ㣬պȵ
һֻͣǴлǲװó췣ۣ֮һٶҪںС
Ϊʥ䣬ȻǲԸģﵽһ䣬Ŀ⿴ĸԶâͻȻڣͬҲ˵׼
Ҫһ㣬֮ĬˣʥزԸ⣬ܱס췣֮
ܣᣬʵȫڝb֣ǶԷɱôǿ϶ܡ
ಣ
գź붴аѪʼټ֮ʣŴЦԽʥΪףŸʥϹŶÿʥѡջĬĬķ׷һ߿ա

ǰУʥٸ֣һŰ衣
ֻڝbʹкյ췣֮ǰ֮ͫУһĨЦ⡣
ಣ
һӣһâͬβڰͻȻ޴췣ۣ֮Լʱ䣬âŴһһ췣֮ʵʵס
ڝbһץǹâΪһƵķӡȻץӡâ롢аѪ
ߣ
񣬻һ˼򵥱췣֮գڝbڱ֮ǵЦЦźˮ
롢аѪץסâȻԸ֮â𣬺󷽸յľ޴췣֮ۿʼͻͻͻƶźԶƶ

ʥظ֣Լʥ䣬ߣͬʱ췣֮Ҳ໺ţ˷췣֮ڲš
췣֮۾źʥظ֣Զ½ء
;ʥظֳֶĬǵĿ⣬ĸŭգִھΣâϣһиѪⰡ
ʱ֮췣֮źǣ£ѾĵرԵǰ޾ˮ򣬴ʱ˿̣֡ͷ޷ݡ
ںһĸ⣬Ȼ½ϣһһ䣬Ȼõ췣֮ۡ
۰
ЩϹŶʵ̲ס췣֮۱ӡ֮УµӣһĴڡ
ȴҪˮ磡
ʱ˿̣оͷ䶼Ĭ󲿷ֶĬĬ˫ۣĿ췣֮۱ˮ֮С
ͻͻͻ
֪ǲ죬Щͷ˻ͻȻ䣬ͬһʯ췣ۣ֮ͻȻʼһζ
ţ
ڝbͻȻٿرת췣֮ۡ
롢аѪ˫ۣȻâԿƣ¶
ʥϹŶǣ׷˫ͫôˣ
߳߳
Ȼ䣬ǾҲ췣ۣ֮ڲһľһ췣֮۱棬Ȼ˺Ѱ۹⡣
䣡
֮󣬲һЩѹͻȻٴ˺ѣ췣֮۴ôض¶ţ·ضҪ
췣֮ͻأ˺״ȻͬƵģһƵıը췣֮۶ʱΪâͬƵĴϲ񷡣
ͬʱ췣֮۲ˣտգ췣֮ʧգͻȻһɷӰ
Ȼʥٶӣ췣֮ۻΪʧڵգһʱкʥϹŶ䶼¶Ŀı顣
䣡
ʦ
ٶʥŵӣȴر任֮лһʥ䡢ϹŶ˹ȥ
ߣ
붴аѪձŭһץסǻŵâͻȻһڸ߿һƬâϯٶţԼʮߡ


2143 ұ
޳ܣ
Сģ
ʱ䣬ԼϹŶź롢аѪͻȻų֣Ӧ󲿷ֶѾ޷֣һЩ䵱ɳ۹ȥ
ԴЦԽٶΪˣΪǿʥ䣬ʵҲǳġ
ֻǺ롢аѪʵʥ࣬ٶţԼʮ߱âΧ֮УѾʥֹġ
գۼ䣬һƬâڝbں롢аѪ£ֱиǶȥʥʥΪԼʮҪ뿹ڝbµĲίʵܡ

ߣʲͷǿѹâʥţѹâŵ޷֣Ϊֻʥ񣬶ǰﵽĸ߶ȣ˵֣Ե־Ҳ
۷â
ոײǾ޴âԵ֮ϣ˾ͱֱӺˣȻâ٣ϯˣ
䣡
һ֮䣬ѱâɱ
ɱµâڝbĲں롢аѪµĶ£ʵѾﵽ
Ѫϯ߿գâѹ󲿷ʥŶѾŵôľޱ飬ֻʥصĳＫ桢ӢԼ󽣡˴졢ӷᡢνȲʵڵţӦƺҪâһ
ɲǳ֣ʵҲ޷֣Ϊâѹǳ֣Ҳ˿ҡ
ͻȻ䣬ǰӰҲӰ߷ɳ
˫һȻʥصҶȡ̫ʥصĳԼʥص磡
ǲʥصţҲ޷ӵеݣ
ߣ
۵
롢аѪ˲ɱߣּʥϳЦ
סټס
ѾţֻƬ̹򣬹ЦԽ󣬺Ҳȫȥ
ж֮ʣâһڝbǿߡ»ҲӺһɳ»ٶȣҪϾΪ߳һǰ㡣
»Ȼǲô˵ֵģ
Ȼ󣬴ٶȣʵҲϲȲѾŵĿâ
â֮£ȻվӰ
â֮£ӰСվ룬âֻʮɣͻȻһЦϴڲ͵͵ʵǿͬ硢ɽ磬ݺᣬâûȥǣǵԼ
ţɱɱɱ
ҶȵУκη򡢹صɱ⣡
ϵں֮֮У磬ūԼĲֶΣ纺Ҳ磬жںһɱ֣йߵģ
֪ʲôʱɽ棬˴෴֣ɱ칬һĻӰӣֳ
ƣ
ǧĺХ񷣬ֻƴһͷų˵ħһȭֻһɸߵâ
һ׳ĺʥϹŶһУЩŵҲһУֻгơҶȡâ֮£Сҳ
ǾţＫ桢Ӣꡢͨνᡢᡢ󽣡˴졢ӷǶע𺳵ˣˣͻȻСͬɽ
Ϊǣ赲ѣ
䣡
һȭâ֮ϣ
䣡
֮£ҶȡҲ֮һһȭյâ֮ϡ
һĻ˶ã˻ͬǰ㣬˲䱻âûΪ촷ۣɱȻߣϾʥ񣬶ǽӽĴڡ
ܱȼ磿
ǣ֪ΪΣ·âһ㣬ơҶȡȭͷȻֵסâûһ
䣡
ֻǵұۣǵۣʼ÷׷˺ѣɼâжôˡ
ܣֻϣôֵܵס
붴аѪʱһ𣬲ǱȻҶֻϣȻϵĽ֮УϾȻȻ
ͻͻͻ
ʥӣȻֵסâľ
ͣŹЦԽ䣬Ҳͣ²ԭŵӣȥӻ֮оȳڣǾȻԼܶԿΣգò»ֲֿٴν֡
ģ
ʥʮϹŶԛˡԼϹŶءͨˡϼġ֮ΪףҶ˵ΰ׳٣ɷԾ̾
̫ʥءʥϹŶҲͬٶ벻Լʥ£ȻţǵţʵȻԽЩϹŶ
䡭
֮ơҶȡϰĵۣâ˺飬˸Աͬʱұ۾һƣװâ޴âʱͱ顣
ʱ˿̣ѹ޷вâʧ¶ЦݣеŮӣֻΰӰ

ʥϹŶǰȥ
»һӣ붴аѪڝbʮ˲룬ʥظֶ½
붴һַ֣ʮ죬ʼٶš
Ѫսһ
ϣƣھȻҶȡơƻȻ׷Źһˡ
Ҷ˼ʱһٶǰոµۣٴʮĺǿߣԼǺ붴
λҲգҲգúǵˣҲҪԶסǣ
ʱףһҶȡơ˶ǿĺʱ䣬һŴɺԼǣʱҡ
ǸһһӶ磬ѡս
ֻһű׳ʱҶȡơԵú򶨣ϹŶ޷Եľ棬ҲȻɫɣһʱ䣬ЩŵԲ࣬£Եչֳ
λ
ʱԹʥصĵڶţӷ߳ҶͶĿ⣬ȻڶţȻǲ֪Ƿ˺£ͻȻͳ½֮СǵƺҲû취ҪԸǿĺ񡭡ģֻԱ
ǰ˻治֪˺¡
Ϊν췣֮֮ǰڻĵ룬ɳȴڰգһںƿ֮С
ʱ˿̣ȷȲŪЩ֮ǰʥԼľٶҲˣʥ䣬ϹŶǣҲ԰ǣֻԼԼһʱҶ棬֪ӷҪ˵ʲô
ʲôüı
ӷ֪Ҳ֣ΪһʥصҶʦܣнʣʵǵں֮ģպҶʦˮҶʦʱˮɱս
˻һͬըһÿУը
ˮɱεȵʵ
ӷ˵Ҷʦܷ·һŲѹȵԸо飬ȻҪս綼ҶʦΪģնɱľ飬Ӧöкܴ


2144 ֮ǿ
ӷⷬһеŵӣͬ⣡
еţԸĴڣȴֵúܲǼԸ⣬ҶȵĲȥߡ
޳ɣ
ʥص󽣣һЩѡĬԥ֮ʣվͬӷ顣
ҷ׷׿ʥأԹŽһλȻߵģǽʥ֮еĴȻ޳ɣͱʾʥ˶ͬ⡣
˻ԥ֮ʱʥصĽ߳ҾʥҲֵͬĽ飡
ʥҲ޳ɣ
žʥر̬ʮʥضһһʾʥǿߣ˴Ҳͬˡ
Ȼһʥأͬ⣡
ƼЩʥػԥȴΪȻ˵ҳħʲôˣȴҲۼɱ࣬޶ԣ˸־ѾɱǺѡ񣡡
Щˣ
Ҷȵת漴Ŀں붴ϣ붴۶󶴸ȵĴڣȻ۶Ǵ˵ʵǿģʵлĻҪѺ붴ͷժ
ʱһʥŵӣѾҶȡơڵӪʥʥЩʥأ򿿽һ࣬Եĸ
ҶĹܵǣĿǰɱһѪ·ǵһѡ
ЩδǿߣĴ󻼣ɱǣûм̳ǿ֣߳ɱ
ĺȻ붴´ɱ
䣡
ʮǿߣͷŴﵽ۵ĸ߶ȣһһ𣬿ռ䶼ڲ䣬һʧ
գۣһ֣һץ
ͣ
Цʥŵʥʵ֮е֣
ͷɱҶơ練Ӧһ˵ֵס뼸ǱԵλãһʱ޷˼
ֻһͷץԵʮţǹŽʥصţպôڱԵλãҲãǸոշӦǺֱץ
һʱѪɡ֫ɢΪѾﵽ߽λǵľжֲ
ֻһУʮŵץûΪ飬˲ں֮£һ֣ŵѾʼӴܣķҶⷽӪ
ʱ˿̣Ｋ桢ʥţھź֮У벻˵־Ͷ֣ңǵʥϹŶ䶼޷ǡ
ȫǶ֣˵֣ĻᶼûС
ʱʥţҲæҶӪ֮УʥҲû취ԼʥصȵȣҲ׷׼ҶڵĴӪ֮С
ǲó֣˶Կлᣬӳһһ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȡơ˾ͳΣ䳯˺˼䣬㲻ٶ˷ѿࡣ
䣡
һͷŷһֵʮǿǺ붴δ֣״̬£һ֣ų׿ϣˡ
⣡
ٳԮǣСݺᣬҲԸô
һ䱻»аѪȺ赲ڰգּűΧΣղѣǼģ޲óȥ
ǡ
ǰģĴڣаѪһ໹дɱԾԾԵĺǿߡ
һ֣ȫûлأ˫ɱȥȻֻֽ֣һǲˣ»аѪ£αâսһ֣Ƕǲġ
ǲ֣ҲΪ䣬ȻȣԼʥصĵӣ
ܻƵİ취Ҷȵƣâǲǻġ
ڝb췣֮Ѿ㣬ڻҪͱˣûѱ
Ŵ֮أ䡢ϹŶ޷ֵ£ͻȻһڵص

֮
֮
ΧţĸţʱҲ¶ϲ
֮ʮԼһֱΪصĴڣƿһУȴ¶棬ֻǰڣʸ֮Ӵ
ʱ䣬ŶĿ
ҶȡơģǳӦʮͷΧһͨ췣֮ʵĻмܵסȻǲЩţҪжж
ֻǹĶԷȴںص

һڱ֮ϵڝbӸ߿գ·Ѿ֪ڣЩ췣֮֮гֵģ췣֮ǱģҪδãõ˲֣
̫ͱˣ
ϯһӰһ۵̤ն
ֻɫȫͬϴڝbƽǴżΪŭɫ涯ŭˡ
ҺţڝbȻϡ
ڝbĪ⣡
ͻȻ䣬Ӱ޵سңʮҲƺ۵Ľ
֮Ȼͬʱֳ
һĻʥϹŶˣһδһ֣֮ͬϹŶˣЩŵӡ
ΨҶȡɲò֡
ȥ
ʮӱΧſռ䣬ֻǵ˵һȥ֣һĻͷˡ
䣡
ΧҶȡơʮȻĪķأǿɶǸ߽λĴڣˮ磬λֵ֪߳ܲٱӵж޴ˮ̡
ʮ֮ͨ£ֻǺһȥ֣Ȼ˲䷢ըռ䵽Ѫ

Ҷơһۣжʮʵ𺳣Ѿ޷ݣɱףֲߡ
ʮ˲䱻նɱΨк붴Ȼתŭصʮ·Ҫʮ
ʮⲻЦһССҲ棿
ʮɱҵˣ
֮ϵڝbȻûչֳǰ㶯ŭģǰаЦš
ɱ¾֮У߳ǿߣ
ʮҲƽ뷨ɱҵˣͲɱˣδ̫Ե˰ɣˮ֮ǰѾһ
ɱô֣ҲҪɱô֣
Ȼ䣬ڝbĿٿȻʥϹŶ
ֻĿոϹŶϣϹŶʱʼز֮ǰѾĿʮնɱһĻѵҲҪɺǰ³
ȴ˵ˣڝbֻһˣⷽˣ֣ɱǵˣǻ˲ߣкɱһգ

ʱڝbɫųΧĺĸŵɪɪٱ塢ײУȴҲǺģǺ޷ȥ
Ĭˣ˫߶˳Ĭ
Ҷȡ磬ܷϸϸ֮ǿעâǿߡ
ڝb
ҶȵĿȻڵһʱ䣬עâ֮ϡ
ں֮ģǿֻǴͼ槡̶ֳȣ۶δսʤ˵ǿаͻȻڶ̶ʱ䣬âĴס
ˡâף线ܾƿ֮У
۶ڝbĲ£ö룬ҶȾܿ϶纱Ȼڝb֮֡
ϴ󣬱ڝbţ췣֮¼׽̤ˮ򣬽ˮ췭ظ
𿴳ħƽʱԸţƴֿĺܣʵҲǸϸ֮ˣʱȻҶʲôжิӡ


2145 ¼չ
˫߶֮£ԽϾƺâսʱ̶ᱬ
ʱ˿̣֮չֳǿƣѾ͸Ǻȷ뷨â˺벽
䡢ʥϹŶҲ׼һâѡսǶԥɱȥ
һҲ쳣Ҳ֪˫ɱ
ڱ֮ϵڝbĬʮ֮󣬱˫ڱ΢΢˼£ʮߣͻȻЦЦȻһӣкˮ·

ڝbѡһźǿ߳ˮϹŶý񾭷׷иҲв̾Ϣ
˵ʵâսҲ뿴ľ棬һսǻģʱྭӪʥأҲ᳹Ϊ棬ٵӻս֮УΪū
һΪԼϹŶȥǣ
ಣ
źϽ֮Уʮ޵سҶȡơǰǱֺܲŬ
˵꣬˷ӦʮʧȥŽҲʧ
ֻʣĿϣ췣֮¼̫ϣâȻӣưոݣЩ׼ɣ汾
Ȼͷ
ಣ
һͬʱҲˡ
Ҷȣ
ʱ˿̣ϹŶԼ䶼ٶţʮ䣬ʮ¼䶼ۼ
ˡԼϹŶϹŶҶȡꡢͨᡢνԼĴ̫ϵǰ͸ޱȹУǰĿⶼͶҶϡ
ǰҶǴͷǰΪʥ˴¼֮ʥصλƱػʥȵĸ߶ȣ̫ʥءʥҲˣƽҲᷢŤתʮʵᳬԽ
һҶȡơ˾ʱֲַϵ
һҶչֵʵȻ뛕ˡЩϹŶȼ߶ȣʵԽǣΪһڵǿһʵΪ磬ϹŶҲҶ𾴡
ȻҲܵϹŶػʥһѣֽڵ˭뵽
ңԶ֮ϣ
һ߿գŴֳˮϷ·޾ˮ˵ڝbͱҲˣԪâһֱڰмƻӽּҲᷢڣǽ
ʩѾòڝbӱ䱾浽޿̵ĵزʱһâ֣
񣬱ʮֶ˵ⷬҪ飬̸̸ȻɾѾʵʥ뿪ˮ磬ȥѰҴ˵֮е½ž½һΪ½Ĵ磬ǰ߳ǿߣ󲿷Ӧ̤Ƭ磡
뿪»δϸϸ㣡
ҲӦһ룬Ͼǵ֮أ񣬿ȥ½磬ｨģʥأѰ½ܽˮ򣬻ѰԪʱ䣬һС͵½ءȻʱ뿪ãâҪǿ
Ҳֻǽ飬̸̸ˣûã룬֮κξʮΪ㣡
л£
ʥص켸Ԫǵһ񣬻ȥɣʥغúѰټҪ׻𣡡
˵꣬һʧȥ
ĿȥһֱƯڸ߿գͫӡ
ʦ
ΪһӰһһ֮䣬ԱߣƺµʲôʵʦΪ񣬵λѾ֮˰ɣ
ҡҡͷˣΪʦ֮ǰ뷨Ҳˣʵ֮ûһ㣬ųΪʦ뷨
ΪΣ벻ͨ
֮ΪһͳһʮƿصʮͻȻһ񣬶ʮӰ죬ȻݣӰ죬ҲǺԵġ
κεطҲһɽݶ
̾ϢΪʦһԪһֱʥ֮УǾţܵʥصʥءʥصȵ俹⣬ǷâѹʥسΪһʥء
ĬĬţÿһ仰Դ𾴡ѣǳһ˿ѹʥ
ʮһ޿ɣʮѾվ֮ͷʮ֮Уĵһ˷ǴĪʵʵ֤ġ
ΪʦҲһ̤񣬽֮ȼ磬λͬ߶ȡ
ʦѾ
ͻΪʦˣʵ֮Ӵ֪ǵĲ̫࣬һʱ䣬㿴ҽֵĺǿ»λĴڣڝbǿ֮һ»֮ǰܷ𣿶Ϊʦһλ˱ȽϣӦ֪ΪʦߵĲɣ
ӡ
ղΪʦ̽Ϊʦ뷨ʱǼʮΪʦʵٹ̡ǿһЩɣǸûȥˣ
˵֮󣬱쳣ƽʱ֮⣬һգտռͨĴڣѾӰ
ĵ룬췣֮ڵķأ
ʥѾɢȥԻع
ʮ󲿷ʥҲʥأҶơ簵йȻصʥϢһ֮󣬱ۼȥˮ
ʥһٶԾڰգʮ
췣֮۸ոտ֮ʱͷ֮ķּʥϻʮķʮ׼֮󣬸ʥΧ涾ַƬַиȻɱ̳֮УնɱʯϹԼһѪߣнɱ֣
Ӫ룬ѳΪŷǿҶȣ뛕˵ϹŶУһʱ涾̶
ҶȾţ˴ʱ˵ɷ˴θʥֳνǴȫʤնɱɱ֣кЩԼʥǿߣʱΪҪ£Ǻǣڴڸ췣ۣ֮ȻҲֲʥִ֣
ʯϹѪߣҲͻȻ˰ɣ
ƳĬ֮еҶȣʵڷ˵һС
ӱϿ̳٣ʮʥǴȫʤΪһ۷֡Լǿߡʥǿߣһɱ֣ûг׻Ҳܵش
ȥˣ
Ǜ˲δûᵽڵϢ棬ƺЩһƾʧˡ
˵ʥ飿Ϣģɱ̳ʬ壬ȴûзᵽļ֮ǻˣڸʥأʮ֮УѰ֯һһµӦҲԲֻشҶһЩʡ
±濴ûп֮ܣȴûбʯϹԼѪ߶ˣҲʧټԺҪҵټǴ룡
涾ַǻˣµܣȻûб⿪ȻʧҪŪܣѾϼѡ
ʱҶȵЩڣϢ͸¶ȥڵʵѾɱܷ̳ࡣ


2146 ΪϹŶ
£һʱ䣬Ū
һ·֮ϣҶȶŹ££̤ˮ磬ȳ纺
֮һٶ˻صʥء
ʥشӶϢӿֳΧʮμعţڻ֪췣֮һУ֪Ļ˭𺳡
ֱϹŶʥ
ʥ߲Ҳ׷Ϊ߲㣬Ѿ֪֮ǰ췣֮Ĵ£ÿ˶ڹעҶȣҶȵʵӦ붴аѪǵǿ߽֣Щ߲㶼޷
μʮţҲһЩϽʥأǼﵽ
˽£ҶȵҲһͬõıˣҶֻҪһֱԴɳԼһݽĽ⣬ΪֱպÿøɾԼС
һЩ߲ʱҶõѾ˳ʥأĿǰعƿصĻؾȳΪһӡ
ӵеֻʥȻ£ôʱ˳ʥأɼʥյж̡
һ֮ʮ˽ʥռ֮С
ФĪȳϣԼϰ߲ڿռ֮оۼţһЩϹŶϷ
˶Ϸοˣʮˣ췣֮۱ֽܳΪʥϽô౦Ϊʥ޴ףһ¾ȫͻƸٵأǵʥһЩְ񣬽ǴԴ
˻һҶ֮⣬˭ĿǰҪľͻƣϾĴ̫ϵӣҪһ̤ʥ񣬶֮еˣҲ̤񣬿Լ׳ɹ
ӣܿԼ̤ģ²һ룬Ҳ˵֮У˻ʧܡ
нıȲΪʵʣһɹĻݻٴҡһ䡣
и߲֤£ʮ˸ԵõԼĽ쳣ģʯÿ˶ʮϵĽ
ڿ֧ʱ䣬˷׷ȥ
Ҷȴ˵ʱи߲㶼֪ҶȵʵжྪˣҶȼ֮ҲоϢʥش
˴ҶȽϤǿտռ䡣
ֻӰҲֶ
䣡
Ҷͬʱӭ
Ҷȣ֪ΪϢñʧȥǿߣ˭֪ٶǴ𱸿
ӡ
ҶҲ֪ʥɳǿߣȥ涾ַ̽Ϣ飬㣬ȷΣΪºôΪҲᷢô

ͻȻ任¶Цݣʥֶôһǿߣ벻̤췣ۣ֮ͻƣôоȥ˶Ƶģʥصĸǰ
Ӳ
ѴﵽŽλʥΪʵԿ붴аѪȷ⣬Ŷ꣬վ뱾ͬȵĸ߶ȡ
һʱ䣬겻ѡ
ƺûŵ̫죬ҲǾ̾ѣҶȽʥزŶꣿǧˣȻﵽ˵ĸ߶ȣ漣Ѿδйġ
գۼ䣬һͨӣͻȻԾͷʵվǰӦ
ǿʵĸ߶ȣҶȻҶȣǶϹŶʥطȡ
δκԽ֮٣ӣҶ㾪ת䣬ػԵֺߵﶼһΨҵ̬
ֵʦһ˫ۣЩϹŶǰûһϹŶ㣬ǴʧţЩϹŶ֪ı仯Ӧöеϧɣ
˿ҶȣĽ˵ҶȣҪ㣬֮ǰǵ£ҪʽΪϹŶ
ϹŶ
ʥص֮Уߵˡ񡢷ЩϹŶȥĸʥأǾͷĴڣФĪЩϣж꣬ȴǳϣϹŶ
ϹŶݣʵ飬ءӦû˻ɣ
һοЦݣҲ뵽ϴλƽ¼߻ƽʣ˶ҶȲҶȿԼʵջǳΪƽʵӵߡ
һΣҶ췣֮֮٣ĸˣа֣б£ҶȽԣô򵥡
췣֮һУϹŶӦģʥţԺնɱͦΣգˣǵʱڳĸ䣬Ҳ޷ģ
ڸʥǰΪʥ֮٣ʥضʥعĿ࿴ָ֣ͬҲӵϹŶί㣡
ҶԵǫޱȣֻԼӦģӦõģҲӦãάʥҲӦõģ
һжӦõģû£һѪ˿Ĺȥǿȥģʥطͷģڹ˽㶼Ӧõõݣ
ͻȻ䣬ϣҶ
ڣ߳һҶȹ
ͬʱ˿ʼӡǳռգͻȻһ磬Ӱӡ
ŰֳĿռ䣬ϣӰʥҶȣ˴췣֮֮УͦʥŵںΧ֮ʣʥһʱʥؾͷǣҲ޷ʱǵҶͦŵӣ֮٣˿ǿߵΧɱʥͬţâ붴аѪ棬Ҳ·磡
ʱټʥؿռ䡣
ʮӶڼ֮УͬƽʱһۻᡢУʱǵĶߣʥظ߿գͻȻĺ
ÿһ֣ÿһ仰־Ϊʥؾ䣬˵ÿ仰κε¡
еӶɳ߿գ֮⣬߿գ·֧ܿʥأľ޴
ڲɢʥÿһ
ʥΧƯĸ߲㣬񡢷ءͨˡϼġ븵֮ȵȵϹŶФĪȵȵĳϡ

ҲƯǧӣꡢͨᡢνźƷơ鷽ȡĽ۳ֵȵȾӢҲ׷׿߿գ֮
ʶҶȻнʵĵӣҲ֮УԾǡ֮½ᡢӢ̩롢𩶫λӰ޵ȵ
ؾȣʶҶȵĵӣҲգоиոռʥص棬ƺ֪ҶȻȳɾͣһҲ֡
ᡣ
һӰƷȲ裬Ӹ߿գʥһ졭ԽԽˣ
ʥеӣ߿յͬʱ֮ͬٴ𣺡ҶʥǰΪʥţ¿湦٣ʵԼͷ棬ʥشδйģʽҶȴӴΪʥϹŶʱ˿̿ʼϹŶ˼ҶȣҪơҶʦ塯
Ҷʦ֣վþûصš
еӶ֮УϹŶŽʥؼǧ꣬ͳΪ֮⣬ʥϹŶеӶ겻ѡ
ҶȣṼʥ࣡
֮УҶĻ
һʱ䣬ʥضʱը˹ͻȻĴϢ


2147 ϹŶۻ
ϹŶ
̤ʥزżǧ꣬һӣһΪĵӡӣֳΪϹŶ
ʥеӣڷµϹŶ
ʥռ䡣
ҶȣͫȻЦҶԛ˵ϷټϹŶϻ֤ҶȳΪϹŶʽ
𣿡˿ǿ
УˡӦʦܣ
ǣ
תʧǳռ䡣
ͻȻʵ֮У˭õ췣֮۵ĴУ
⣬ҶȲδ⣬ƺԤϵ˺췣֮۵ĹϾ˭ӵУܻʥδ
Ҷƽ̫ʥصӳħ𣡡
һΪ㡭Ҳܸһռˣ֮ʥصõ췣֮۾ͺãϾѾ뿪ȥκεطһ
ǵһμȷǿâλ֣֮Կ
һΪܳĴڣΨӦʦܿ棬ϧʦܻδ̤ѱԶԶ˦ں桭Ҷȣʵ̫ǿˣƳ˱ɣ
̫߿ˣʵ޷ȽϣǿһϹŶ
㵹ǫ飬Ҳùʣ֪һʥؾУȥɣ
ο׵֣֮һǳ֮ҶƳռ䡣
ʥӭ׳һ죬𣿡þƯڿռ֮УΪ䣬ӵҶŵӣдҡ
뿪ʥҶ֮˶һʦ壬Щ߲һʦ֣֮֮˹
ص泽ɽҶҲյԾ˴ףأϧʱûʱǾһۣջꡢͨźƷơӣһʱŰݷá
ǣ½ǰףأÿ˻ϱϾҶϹŶ䣬λߵĴڣ˿ʼͽᣬ֮ùϵ
ӣ߲㣬֮ФĪˣФҶʱ̲ס꣬Ҷ˵һĻĻǧʱ䣬ֳ˵һоһС
ȻϹŶҶФĪȳϡ߲ǰͬǰһŵֻ̬ǳƺԱԾӣʦܣһݲɣԱԾӣҲǷӵеǿ̬
ʱ䣬ҶȶڽӴ˷棬ͬʱҲõϢ̫ʥءʥҲھгơʽҲϹŶ
ǵȥ涾ַ
ȻݷãҶʵû뵽ôˣֻܷһͨ壬泽ɽϢ뿪ʥء
ʵгʥأѾûκ˿Է֡
ǧͼѽﵽʥλ߶ȣһӦÿԴﵽ涾ַɣ
Ưʥ֮⣬ҶȵһЦȻΪһǳӰ

ǰһڣȻоͬëδգۣǰֻȻóΧϤķأʥظ֣˷š
·Ϥ涾ַֻѾһ޴ӣǱǿߣиضɡ
ˡ
ûд߶龻ֻ֣ƽӦɢȻ͸ܵ涾ַ֮УϤĵϢһЩʯϹֹ춾ϢȴûκϢԼܿռڡ
Ѿʲôûʣ£
δģͷŸӦҵ˹䣬вʥǿѰټһӦȷûйκϢѵֻһǿߣֻʯϹǿߣ
ܣâƾôʵȻǲܵģжǿ˭Ҳ벻
ͻȻϢʧӲԳĳֶΡ
ʱǷɡ
һѰңһ񣬸ҶһָоʧºлᣬѰ䣬ȻӪ֮ãӪ֮ʲôܣʲôıҲҶûϵ
뵽ϻʥء
ңԶˮ
ˮ֮£ڵԨȻһ޴ޱȵĳǳأ׳ˮɽ֮ϣ޷ĺ
ǳ룬ĳһܿռ䡣
ӭӭâͣ
ֻһɴڝbյرʮλŮΧЩŮһǳ¶塣
ڝbһţһ濴һֻ࣬ˣġһԣһ鼫ΪĮ
ƺΪ࣬ҲЩųǰԼͬ
òЦЦֹĺĪ֮֮ǰѹֵģ
඼һʱ̣ǺΪڝb⣬˭֪У뷨
̳٣ʧأ²ϣ
֣²棬âҪˣֻͷ׼ϸ꣬ԼһЩؽܵıؾӣʣ¿â
ǲҪ»ģҪ󣬾ǣ
ȻڸղţѾжԼˮƿߣʼټǿߣȴᵽһâֵſϷǣǱΪֱ𣬽̳ʥأһ𣡡
ڝb˵Ѿȫһɽӵơ
򱣳ֳĬڝbţĳǸҪˡ
֮ʥأ
ʥÿƽûʲôеӶڼС
泽ɽ
ɽ֮УƽʾƯڰ֮Уʮ·ܵƽʵΰ䡣
Ҷȴʱӹ֮߳ûȥеӣӶ泽ɽֱʥ
˻ӵӦò֪ҵݡ
⼸֮УҶҲʱȥһδȥ˻ӣȥɽǿߣͼˣѱԴɳ뽣ɾԼҲδȴ˻
ڴǼ˰˻ӽԷȻֻ֪ǡ족ʥصҶȡ
ֻڴ˼ʱ䣬ҶȱϻʥأΪʥش󲿷ϹŶѻعʥأ֤Ľʽ
ʱʥ֮⡣
ʦ壡
˶Ҷȹӭ
Ҷ׽ʥ̾˴һռ䡣
̤ռ䣬һǰĿ۴֮ڣȻڿĴ֮Уۼһٶ񣬴ӵͽλ߽λУдﵽŽλϹŶʮˡ
Ϥף񡢷صˣϹŶİģҶ֮ʣҲϹŶҶȵĵһʱͻȻһٶϹŶͨͨĿҶϡ
ڳǾĴڣ֮УòӱﵽĴڣǵĲ˫ͫѿҶ̲صԼǿ
֮ǰЩϹŶҶȵ˽⣬ͨŵĻЩһ½ӣڶ̶ʱ䣬ﵽͬڵĸ߶ȡ
ڣۼҶ֮һҲû˵ֻһ˶ѿҶȵĲ
λʦ֡ʦܣλʥأ½ϹŶҶҶʦܣ
߳ϹŶ¡ؽҶȣλ뿪ʥأе֮ãҲеڼǧ֮䣬̶ʱ䣬Ҷʦܱ̤ϹŶУ췣֮¼֮УΪʥ󹦣
ʱϹŶı侲ɾ㵣̲ס֮̾ʱڼҶȣҴУһҶȵĺ䶯¼˵Ĵͬİ


2148 ٺ֮
ЩϹŶ治֪£ﲻ񣬵ȴӵһƣҶ֪ʥжǿ
һٶͷһ𣬾¡
ϹŶǷ׷ҶʶЩ˵ɫ֮УҶЩǵܾ꣬ΪµӵϹŶϸϸЩϹŶٴοĿ飬鸴ӣƺǵʱϹŶ̬߿ոҶ֮ʱû̶ʱ䣬ҶѳΪ֮еһԱ
ϹŶ֮УŮͷ֮һԪӽϹŶĵӣԼֻʮˣҲ˵Ԫ֮УӣгɹߣЩ֮УҲʵ쳣µģмʵȻ񣬽񣬿ʵ뛕˶࣬ҲԶˡ
һϹŶʶһҶȽʽʽ䲼ϹŶݸҶȣõϹŶݼӳ֣ӴԺҶʥγһɷ롣
ʥ֪ҶҪ񣬱δκҪҶԼУ˶֪Ҷһʥ̤ʵﵽ޷ĵزԾŽλʥԿŽλ̤ʵǻˡ
պҪͻʱҶǣȻ˵ȥѰطͻƣʥأҶȴҶһ񱦼ףܵõ㱦ϹŶҲԻãɼʥضҶжء
뿪ʥ֮ǰҶҲѻƽʽظһʥֵĵӣԴӻƽ֮Уֻ־
˾ٺܿ챻ϹŶ֪ĸ̾ҶӵеĴȣˣ˭ر½ʥأ
󲿷ϹŶףҶȴ˾ΪʥأһƽеӶԲĻôʥʵεȸ߶ȣ
һУҶȱԵݣٵ󣬶ҶȣһֱʩҶߵﶼԼµӰǵ£ҶȻʥϹŶ˫ݣԽκεӣʥأʿ˵Ȩ
˵ĻǻȻҲõҶΣܿͳΪʱ£ԺΪҲǳ£ҶȻҶǰǰǰ⣬ǿͿ
ȵơ綼Ӧ֮Ҷȵʧʥء
ʯǡ
շӰ˸֮䣬ԵʯϷҶȡơˡ
췣֮¼ѽʮ⾰ʵûжٸı䣬Ψʱͻƣ˶ǸʥصϹŶʵﵽ۷塣
˷ɶӡ֧ѳյƵǰ
Ƶ統֮һ棬ЩʿУƵ֮Ϊˮʿʱ֮ء
˴Լһʱ
ಣ
ƵϿգӰһĺˣԼһ繫ӡ
˵֪ҶȻص֮ģõһʱӭӣʱҶȶݣƺҲ֪췣֮Ĵ¼Ͼâ̤Ժ䶯Ƭˮ
벽繫Ӳ֪Ҷȵݣʥصӣ췣֮붴аѪ棬ǺεȲ˼漣
о仯̫ˣ˵Ҷȵ棬겻ѣ̤뺣֮ʱ˵׷ʹ򣬲繫ҲǿޱȣҶȾ͸ϳǣǽǧʱ䣬Ҷִﵽ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ϴʽ֮ģ֮¾֮ŷӵȵΪף֮ģЩǰѺ֮ľ
˫һ֮󣬲繫ӾҶȽĿǰ֮ĵƣֻ֮Ǻ֮ĶԸֵҲʱû˶ȶ֮֮ǿ߾Ȼߣֶΰ¾֮ŷ߸ѹΪǿߣµʱҺδ뼸ߵ̫ڱѹϧҷ嵺Ѿȥ֮ĸӻңǿߵĵ̡
ҶѾһ£ǹһ棺ˮ¿أ
ȻҲ߶ߣǵһֱڰھ벻ڰھ
֮Ķ˵ûж壬ˡ֣ǳں֮ģɿǹδϾâĵ̣â˵ʲôʱһƿ˺֮ģ
ҵ뿪⺣֮ģϧûطȥ
һӶŹģ
繫̬ȺԣһصһԶǣںӡ
ҶֵԺ˵ɣ񣿲ʲôҲȥʰǣҪĿģնɱʣԼâлҲҪѺۡնɱ涯ˣʱâŹ֮ģԶ뺣֮ģ
Ҫȥɱ۶󣬸оǲˡ
ҪĿģһ̤磬Ȼ޷˵Ϻ֮ģھȥȰˮ¿ȻǴſʱ뿪֮ģ
ɲǼӡݺˡ繫ӷӦǱǰһڣԨ֮У·ˮ¿ڵˮɽȺ
Ȼܾˡ
ʱӦ̾
ϴ󣬿ģ
òҶȳ֣ӶҲѹ͵ػӶұۣ·޴ɽȺָץȥȻһͻͻͻһˮɽȺ
𣡡
ͬɽӣųֱ۸߾٣֮һˮɽиұ߿գųָһƬиˮɽ׹һˮ֮С
˭
ϰǿ߳Ƕۿռ䣬ǿ־оʱʱ̶̿Ҫ
ЩӦþҶóƲҪնɱЩˣƵͷֱ֮һץһٶϿա
Ҷһץ֮һĿΪӡ֮Ϊռ䣬ˡ繫ǰ
ڳǾ׵ֶ֮ͨУˮ¿궼ھ򣬿ȴƼ͸㶨ˡ
¿֮ĿֳݣҶȡơ˵õһݣѹĺҶȶˡ
סҵĻ뿪֮һʱ䣡
õˮ¿֮Ҷٴνӡֻصˮ֮ϡ
ˡ繫ЩᣬѾϰߺ֮Ķ꣬ҪĻЩ᲻ãǻعʱҶʧˡ
ѾܴĴڡ
Ϊ֮һ̾
ūԳǣ
ֵƿصˮ´ǳأҲǺ֮ΧΨһһǳء
ϴֱ
ڰĺˮ߿գɱڵūԳǣӣһŶȥūԳǾˡ
УӦͬҶȿڣ絹˵ˡ
ҶȺ޳Ƴһ۳ƣūͬһӾͰūԳǸˣҲҪץסʣȻѹǣȴŪں۶󶴸һЩҲ˳˽췣֮¼âĶ
ϴģðӦСڣ
һģааЦЦ֮󣬵ӡڵʵѳҶȡ磬ӦȻͬСɡ
ֵܣֻӵʵδﵽĴڰˡ
ʱūԳǣҶҲд࣬ʱ͵͵±ֵܷ֣ʱֵǰ


2149 ѹֵ
ֻ֮

ϸֵɱЦݣҶȡ磺С棬ūԳ·Ŀռ֮УһһС棬ոͻ񣡡
ֵԣǲնɱĻδΪǾѣ
ͻȥֵԺĳɳ֮·쳣µģһͬͷȻֱӵס
磬棬ūԳжӡȥʰС棡
˷ֹжȻʵѲκΣգǻҪ
ʣһˮУҶѾ߶ͨʯ֮¡
Ҫʯ㣬Ҷȡ˵Ѿ⣬Ҷȶδ߶Ӥʵﵽ۷壬ʯҲСһ
֮󣬶˾һռ֮С
Ƕʯ룬ɣøӦҶȾѸܵͬʱжʮϢ
ˡ
ſһͰѽһͨ˴󲽽ռ䣬ոһŨѪ֮
ǻΧռ䣬Ѫ֮ŨңЩѪ֮ѪѪ
ȻֵУɱ࣬˿Ѫ
˲ɵмŭʱһ磬ʱһռ룬ֻƯһϼ̨̨֮ϣȻİ׹ǣǧ򣬶ѻ˺һ㡣
̨գֵΧһ֮еа˿֮ʱ澹ȻжʮλŮǱʹ࣬޷һ£Ҳ޷ʹֻܳ޾ʹࡣ
ڻѾ޷ס
ҶȿڣͻȻһ
䣡
ݲֵܷӦһħƣѹϣݺڼ̨֮ϣѪ޷֡
˭˭
ֵʢŭѣǵĵ̣ǿֵܣƿһ̵ߣȻ֣ⲻͷ϶
Ҷ޵̨ǰʣ̧ͷ˭
㡭
ֵ̧ͷһҶȵһֵۣܶʱ𺳵˵Ҷȣں֮ĹȻΪУǵλܵЩ꣬뾡취ѰҶȣնɱҶȣһֱûջ
벻ҶȾȻɱǵ˲Ͱѹ
ҶĮϴ϶ҵʰǣǷģֵ֮ĺʵͳͳûк³
һҶȾǰ
ֵѾɫӡѹסڼ̨޷봫Ҳ޷಻ľѹϧһ㷴֮ҲûС
ϴ󣬻ǣ
ҶӴ֮Уһ¶ŮԪȼմвζת̧ţֵһߡ
ҶҲδϳֽŮ˵ǣڵ״̬޷κεײ
һ߽λ巨ƷʵǲӵˣֵЩ֪꣬ץסŮΧ׹ǣӦöġ
Ҷ޲ãϰֵʬΣԽͷ֮ޡ
ˣ
̯֮УȻ󻩻ֻа඼Ѫɫģ׷ױҶģЩҶڣתΪ
ЩѪʣɶ
ʮϢ֮ҶСаڣͬʱְЩΪһſӣֱӴʮλŮڡ

ܿ죬һλλŮ˫ۣɻؿΧ·˭Ҳʶ˭ȻҶȣּԼһ˿ңŮӶһϴ˺ۣǱˡ
ˣ
ҶȽӡŮ϶س£ʾǲҪ£ǷģҲǺҲ࣬ħߵģ
𣿡
ء
һʱ䣬ŮŻȻ򣬷׷Ǿʲôʱ̲ס໥ӵ
үүģ
ˣֵһߣ֪ľֵ֪ܹͷ˶٣ʹҧžʹ
ҶȰŮʱ֮Уṩûʱ䰲
䣡
һ֮£Ҷȶһָ
䣡
ֻﵽ߽λļҶʢŭһ֮£ֱӱָú飬ΪȭͷСƬɢڼ̨֮ϡ
⣡
ʻ֪ҶͻȻɱ⣬Ҳ֪ǾжǿɼҶȴʱһͰ飬Ǻεȵһʱв˾¡
аĦȭƣϴǿ˰ɣ
ţֻǱһŪˣҶ侲һӣΧ׹ǶʱΪ촷ۣȻ
ٺ٣С棬үүʰֶΣɶȥˣ֪ƤӺӲðΪɹǣ
Це˵˫ͫɭɭɱ⣬ǰͻȻȼյĻ𵶣֮࣬ųһЦЩ𵶿ʼʣһһǵֱۡ˫иȥ
ʱֵʹÿʼûзκ֮
иһ󣬼̨֮ɢƬѪ
ͻȻһʼתϴǰϴȥ

תʱϴ֮УжʹĲҽУͺˡ
ĥһ󣬳ָ϶һһĥһĻ֮ǰӲһ̱ģ
ȻУҲҪǺɱ
ͻȻһץֻһ֮ͨץʮͷ
ʮͷūԳѲߵĴڣƾվͱץ¿ռ䣬ףֱһĳʮͷԪ飬Ȼǣޱس죬Χֵܣʼҧȥ
ͣͣ
ʱֵܵһѪ⣬ʮͷ˺ҧֻȥҶڱ֮ϣޱȴš
ʱֵֻܼ֮ʣͷ­ԼţĲֻ֣ʣ°׹ǣֵʹģݡ
ˣ
ͻȻһ⣬ֵܣֵֻܵȻʼ˵ĻָʹҲʧˡ
ֵָܻǲͻȻˣ
Ȼǣûֵܸ˶ã֮󣬴ָ߰˰֮ʣͻȻʮͷȥһʱһȺ๷ʳһ㣬ֵʹһȴҲ޷ֹ
ڳЦ£ֵܾȥĥ
ŵ˵ĴΣܲˣﵽܼޣ֮ңң
ȳ
ҶȻһץͰֻʣԴһץûȥƾǱڵϣֻʣһֻڲνʶʱΪܣҪҵȻŹ㣡
˵˵ǣıƵˡ
ҶͻȻͬʵҲżڵǷԸ⣬λ磿
⣡
ͻȻһ벻ҶȾȻһʱ֪λش𣬻ΪҶɱҪ𣬻ᱦȵȡ
ɱǣҵĻܻҲֻԴǰԴ㣬ĨɱԪΪʬ⣬ʱʲôҪʲôãã


2150 󶴸
ãȻãɱң
ܵвһĳܣĵǵߣҲڵֲҶȵǿƣʼ
ͫǲ

ϴ϶ʹźţƺֵֹС
ѾȥɥĲϴ϶˺ҧȥӲ̣ڴ˺ҧš
Ȼϴ϶ףִ߶ͨ˻ָƣֲһ
ĥ죬ϴ϶ԼֵܣҶȻ˻֣һ͹ҡβҶǰ
ĺܺãҾһҪ£а䲻ʵʱ
Ҷƿߣľ֪ǰʱ䣬۶ץסһλŮӣ
֪æشҶȲ⡣
治֪Ǽٲ֪
治֪۶һˮȽңԶֵ󶴸Ͻֻ󶴸һ˽⣡
֮ǰâȥһ
ҲǸոţ
ǺӦЩɣ
ֵֻҲȥһ֮ҪΧˮ֪ûϵ
ܺãܺãҪ۶ʲô취
취취Уպǽʶһߣ۶ʱ߶Ҫ󶴸ūףҵͿɳ۶
ʵ
ҶȺصͷѹֵܵĿģѾﵽƵͷͷ򣬰ϴ϶֮ѹ
ಣ
գۼ䣬ƻûϴ󣬶ҶҲûΪ϶ģ
ҡһΪϴ󡯵ĳƣһžͰаЦ׼׼ȥǸūǿߣ
ĸ˵֣ҼҶƵαװֱǳ뻯˽ϴ϶ģҲ˿
ֵܡ׼һҲһͷҶȡƷɳ¿ռ䡣
ūԳϷҶȴȱ𶯣ڰջϣһͬūԳǣҶ˵һ֣ɱ
⻯
ͬʱᷨӡʱϷһһģһӰȻǧ֮࣬ūԳ˷ЩҲܺˮѹȣٶȴﵽٶȣʵͬҲ
ͣ
ҶȡơķɹūԳΧʱѲߵĺһһնɱһʱ䵽ǺʬӸ߿׹䡣
ҶǰЩ޷Ըģȴֿ֮ҲûУ׸
ŵɪɪ˲һֱūԳɱūԳΧˮ֮С
ֵƿƬ֮ˮūԳֻǳأΧ˷ֻķǸкͳͳһ
ֵܵĴӪūԳԶ֡
ɱɱɱ
ūԳڲǿߣڸӦūԳ춯գۼгǧĺɳūԳǡ
ǣ
ħһ磬ʱΪһƬ𺣣ϯǧ
ն˷
һҲˣԺ飬ˮմǷٴƵĽ
Ҷһɱĺľһ֣㱬ıըһӣʮͷը֪ôġ
ڳ͵ȼţһͷͷ߶ѹ֪ʵж£ֻҪգۼ䣬ϰٺһƬҽ
ſ죬û𣬶ֱһȻһͷͷ֮С
ͷŵĽޱȣ޷棬һǰѺɼ飬ֱնͷ­
ޣԵˣ
һʱūԳϿգƯŴʬ壬ҶΪѾЩͼԾͱޡ
̰ԵѾˣգ۾ͼƬĺʬ壬ССʳ֮ʲôδ¡
ӣūԳǷɳնɱò࣬ʣµūԳǣūԳǽΪ
ֻһŴūԳǽϣһըűըūԳǽ糹飬ػĺͬ类ûΪƬ
ߣȾǣ
ūԳڲһչֳڳǳӿֵ֣ܷ
Ҷȡơ統ϳ֣СƷ֣ɱūԳ
Щֵܵ߶һʱūԳǾҲƬ֮£ūԳǳΪһѪǡ
ͥŲ֮һǻūԳ˲Ϊһǡ
СʱˣūԳųūг֮⣬ŵͻ궼ûˣҶ˽ūгвٺ棬һһ޵ʳ
ɶ񣡡
ʶūгѺŮŮһ˿ңǹ񣬱ͣ˺޲ʮūԳҲޡ
ʱ˿̣ūǷ׷ǰΧѪʬ壬֪˺¡
ҲҪţūԳѱھ;ӳħ磡
ͻȻӶƯūгϷŽӡ֮һͨǿе֮Уͨͷǲõ񷡣
ˡ
֮ҶһӣͨūպѪʼִūڣָٰһЩ
һץһһ飬ūطɳһ£һмлͣȻͨˮȥ
ͬʱҶҲĶʮŮҲ֮ͨУūһʱˮ棬Ҳ
һ󹦷ūԳǳ׳Ϊһǣ˴գųһȭūԳǣǳؿʼ׹ӵԨ֮С
龻֣
ҶͻȻһ֮ϡ
˼£ػ˫ۣҶԪ񣬴Ӷõм䡣
Ҳڲ֮Уϴ϶ͳͳնɱ
ֵѾΪȥūԳҲˣΧһͷҲ
ռֵܵõľ˲ƸƸȻʥأ˿Ǵ󷢺ơ
һ˷ȥǧҲˣѰūԳΧˮòˣʣһЩǺҲȥһһɨ
ಣ
ˮ
һʱһūԳǾ޴ٱĳǳأڵˮ硣
󶴸âһ
ǳصΣȻһͷˮ״ǳأڳǳΧһЩСͳǳأֱͿ֮һ۹
󶴸ٿâȻвڡ
Ҷȡơ绯Ϊֵܡ󶴸Ҳ΢΢һ󶴸˺ˣأôâǶôǿ
ͣƬ̣˴󷽷󶴸
ǳѲߵĺˣδʣֱӽǳ֮Уڴϣūū´ﵽʮϡ
ūԳǣ󶴸ǳظӷ嶼Ľ
ƺ󶴸ʲô쳣Ǻδ̫˰ɣ
Ŀڽֵ֮Уܶ¥˺ֵҲǣʵҲ̫ʢ˰ɣ
Ǻܿͻ֪ˣ
ʱ˳һīɫʯǰ


2151 ۶
λˣ
īɫʯǰѲߣһҶȡơġֵܡæǰӭӡ
ϴʵǼ˿ڣҵҪ¼
شڣҪȥһ˺۶δλĿ̫ʱһҲͲ
ɣȷɣҶȺζЦЦ
Ƶ˲ٺôͷʯȼľūūЩػŮūЩ˲ˮС¡
һ֮У˵Ƭ̣һƵﵽ߽λʥĺһͬӭҶˡ
Ϊ죬󶴸һΪȻﵽλҶҪѰҵĿꡣ
λֵܣʩ
ҶȡơͻȻ˫Ŀһԡ

ͻȻûһӰֻͻͻͻֵָţ޷κζ
˵߶ͨϢʧʯ֮У뿪֮Ȱ󷽷뿪󶴸ܿһƬ׵ϿϿա
ָһץ֮ӿһâӡâ֮У˲롣
ڿ˵ˣ˫ͫҳ־壬һɨҶˣǡǲʣ
ܴ
˲ûΪģҶĮȻ죺Ҫɱ練ƣҵϣֵ㣬ϱƱУ
ŵһҪʲô಻Ǹ̰кܶ౦Լռı
˶ƣ㵹˵ˣ
˵⣬벻˽࣬ҶȴΪȻıҵûȤ󶴸ūĸ֮һԼ۶ǲǣ
ߣʱ۶˵ģȷûж٣쵹Եмֵ⡣
Ǽ۶һɣ
棿
ȻĹϵȻƣǾ·һл·Ȼѡ·
ʣ־壺Īǻ۶⣿ھͰɱˣ
Ǻǣֻ밵ߺ۶ıˣֻҪǼ۶һж£Ҳ뾡취Ƶøɸɾǿǣʱ䲻Ҫ̫ãҿûģ
Ҵȥ
ϾʹӦˡ
ಣ
ٴλûֵܣҶָһ㣬ϣҶֻǿһۣͱ޻һȥ
챾һ˿ǼҶȵʵԼµһĻѾŵֱ¡
˵ƿ죬һˮȥ
ںڰˮ֮У˰ڼƻζԸ۶Ͼ۶̫ǿˣһͲҪһ㣬ﲻ½أ޾ˮô۶ʵӾˡ
ưҶȣϴҪԸ۶ܼоһҪں۶ɱ¾һ
Ժ۶ȻˣҪӺ۶ϵ֪纵䣬ں۶𶯣жٺǾɱ٣â۶кܳһξ룬ûмʱ֧Ԯ޷ϵģ󶴸Ҳһʱ޷ϵǵʵ㹻Ѻ۶췭ظ
ŷϰ뷨Щͨͨ
ųƵһЦ˸Զ¶ɱ⡣
ҶͻȻ췢ʣ󶴸ƺۼӦʲôɣ
ʵ֪滹иǿߣҲ޷μֵڲ飬̤½һϵ
âڵǲ׼ɣ
Ҷ˴췣֮۳֮󣬶Ĵ£Ҳ˽ȻΪ׵ڝb֮ǰ˴ǲưոݵģâ꣬һֱڰп
˵Ҫ
ˣץס۶ȻŪһУ
۶Ҫ붴аѪʵҲǿһЩܴﵽʵҪԸֻ͵ϮȻˣרŸԸһҪ֣ѹ۶
ٺ٣ϴȥԸ۶
㻹ǸԸԸ۶ǣ
Ҳ࣬Ը۶ʵ
ڰԸ۶ϸڡ
Լһʱ˾ٶ£һһƬɽĳǳأֶǳҪɫǳɫΪԼǺѲߣǳ⡣
۶
ɵ߬ȭͷ֨֨죬۶Ҷʱָɣ·۶
Ȼд߶龻֣˵纺Ȼ̫ܣҶܻỳССϣ
ˣ
һӦҶȾȻ纺˿ϢҲδ֣п纺δ۶ͻһЩϢҶΪȻᱻӦ
ֻץס۶֪ܵ纵䡣
ⲻôûдū
۶ǳؽǰһЩǰк÷ǳϤ
˳ǳ֮ҶʵһδãʲôĿģȥ۶
˵ױǣ˵ֵױİɣ֮Ժ˵ǱвȣѶΪ֮֮֮ƣԼȥ룡ҶѾȲҪ۶
ŵúڲʱ֮˾һǽ۵ľ޴󹬵
һǿĺϢӦþǺ۶ʵȻ񡭡˺۶Ƭǳأһٶﵽ߽λϢ
ʱ䣬ƾͰ۶յ
ʵȷܾˣҲҪһս
һ˾빬
˰֮ڲŵõ۶ٻ
һ֮ǰѾиӦ۶Ϣǰͬʱڱ֮ϵĺ۶
ȻǸĴڣһۣģʮޣ治֪ݵˣһۼΪһŮӡ
ˣ
Ҷˣ̤빬֮󣬱㹭һС۶
˺۶⣬һĴڡ
۶¶޵Цݣ죬ΪҪ֪ͬ㣬ˡ
켱æͣˣֻ·Ȼλֵ˵ĿôһɣС֮ǰһ꣬ʵòӣͺƤλֵһͬĿô۷磡
´ΣȻ˶ˣҲܾ֮⣬СһкҪٿȻ۶߰Ŀ⣬Ҷϡ
ҶԵһУ߳Сõһ챦ûõܣŴһܽ⿪Ѵ˱׸ˣ
װ׸ǻʲô뷨ɣ۶ĵʵ
ҶʮΪѵĵСʱ˽ץסһЩϵūֱ˵ĵ̽ףϣܸ㷽㣬Сܺù㣡
Ҫ˽Խū
٣ЩƷǿֱ׸ˣ
ƨ߱ҲȱūԼŰɣֻҪ̫࣬ĿŵҲһֻ۱һֻۣôҲһߣ
л˳ȫ˿Σ
ҶȼæóһϺӡ


2152 ս۶
ŵţ
۶ҲƳĴ󲽷ĮشҶ˫ֽӹС
ͬʱҶȰƴƣ׼ˣ
Ħȭƣ޲̤ƽ۶ϴĶԸ۶۶ĺǿߣٰɱ٣ˣѰƼˣҲɱ󣡡

֮ǰѱУصݸ۶
۶У¶⣺ӺˣıӦټı
ΪһߣҲϲ
۶һӣؿʼҪС
һ̣ҶȡơĿͻȻ
ˣ
ź۶۵ָڱ֮ϣб㱬·ڲڲ
漴ִ򿪱С
䣡
дɲǣһ۵Ľ⣬ӱ֮бȻлΪһſֲıըʱں۶ǰը
ֻǺ۶˱ըâǣ˫ۣ¶𺳵ǿߺҲһͬը֮ǡ
Ȼը֮ʱѱΧռը˺ѣ漴ɢҶȡơͲˡ

벻Ҷˣ۶֣ѾܣŻը֮Լ˺÷顣
¡
۶޴ĳǳ룬ں۶Ľ۹ͻȻ䷢һװıը˲Ϊƽء

ƴʱƯڳǳϷѾһɫףȻʼӿֵĺǿߣ׷ǽ۹ȥ
ͣ
һųһ磬ʱһͷͷǿ
кֹڻΪĹΧȻŭӳƣԼͬɱƣҺǿԽԽ࣬ܿ;ۼˣʥĴڡ
ܿҲһЩﵽ߽λĺ˷ɱ¾ֻһĿģȰѳƸɱˡ
ǳѾɷĺǿܶɱǳ룬ȴǿֹͨ
ΪĽ۹
ҶһǰһƯڰգ·ųƺ۶Ѿ˲ɱˡ
ܣ۶ʵԼǴﵽĸ߶ȣҶ͵ϮҲɱ˺۶
Ȼһ˻ơͳӷǲʣ
ҶԺֿЦ˭۶ģһжֵ֮
֪
䣡
ͻȻըֻһӰȻֱһȭҶȻҾҶһǰ
ӰǺ۶벻˴ٶ̬ں磬Ȼռʱ
ߣ
ĹҶҲûãȭͷɱʱҶѾƾʧ
ž
ûȺ۶óѣڴ߶ĵǿ״̬£ʱΪһӰһ۶

۶תһȭӭȥ棬ײͬʱ˺󼸲ԼҪ˳ɼ۶ʵҪǿġ
ֻʱĺ۶ţѾѪģҶ͵Ϯ֮Ȼһơ
ͣ
һ޽شӺ۶󷽴̳
ۣ
ҶΪ߶ߵжֲ
۶Ȼǿ˲Ӧ벻ռ䶼޽֮£֮ʣٶȻ˰ģȷҶٶ̫ˣһʹұۡ
ɶ񣡡
۶֮ͻȻһâϧâոմռʲôûʣ£âȴ˳ǳء
³ǳʮ֮һں۶һ£߽⣬ҵؿʼ飬֪жٺҲһ֮¡
䣡
֮ͬʱҶȲ۶ϢᣬһдԱ߿ռһα۶ǰӦڳ֮ʣͻȻ󷽣ɱһĺ󱳣Ȼִ߶һƷ

һǳ֮£ֲһδλк۶

۶ŭһʼ׼һʱ䣬һ繥ûΪޣɰҲٴ졢·ǳأ֮ڵĳǳأΪƽء
򣡡
۶ֲ̫֮ˣ˫һᣬâЩâʼΧϵؿתռиÿһиѿռ飬ˮ֮С

ͬʱЩâҲΧռҶȡͬʱö嶼ʹ
۶̫ǿˡ
ģ
ģռ
۶ʵȻԳһʵҶȫԸ˵Ը޷۶
ͬʱ۶߶âʼױӳǳؾŷ룬Ϊڽâ£ǳڲ飬ں۶֮¡

۶ŭɶ죬Ȼ˸ɱĵ̣ŪǱཨĳǳأѲϣȷɱۡ

˵ʱʱ죬ֻҶ˫ָһ޽ŷĽâһȥһȥͰѽâˡ
һҲɱ˳ֳһâʵҶȻЩ㣬ȻܻâȴЩ
ɱɱɱ
۶ŭҶ磬һʱ߶âһֹҶȡ翿ǸպÿԹˣԼԱְȫλá
ǳΧ
ɱҲеʮֲҡ
ʮﵽ߽λĺʮʥ񡢵ͽλȻΧħһˡ
ʱ˿̣̫ˡ
ûнκηһڸ߿ձߣһͷͷչÿһȥɱһƬ˵һƬǿߣȻ޷նɱЩǿǺҲ޷֡
ʮĺεȳ档
ǲ߶ʮһһͬͷŹâһʱˮ硣
̤źһʬ壬ԽɱԽẠ̊́ʲôâɱʹ˵
һȭһУǴ䣬ΧˮͳΪһƬѪ졣
ǣүүģ
ͻȻʩչ֮ͨϾ̫࣬˫һʱΧϯ
£ƬƬ໲ҽУܵˮѹȣҲʮ־ˣ֮һƬʬ塣
ͻͻͻ
ЩҲӦ
ִ߶ͨƬˮȻʼһȼյĿռҲʼΪ㣬𹥻ûЧ
žžž
ͻȻɳһһȭѲı㣬һȭȭ飬ѿҪ֣ͷűˮȫᣬ뱻Χɱ֮ơ
ȻúóѣÿһȭȥһƬ飬ҲһЩǿڸңԶˮƯʮǶ񡢸߲ȼĺ޷ɱС
ģ
ͣҶиӷģȫȫԸ۶
۶̫żˣԼǿߣƬƬնɱжۣߣҲɱҶ磬ڰѳʬΡ
ҶչֵʵҲ𽥸овҶȣʵ̫ԵˣϴĽâס
ٿ·ǳأǳش󲿷ֶĿȫǣΪһƬ档
޽󣡡
Ҷȸ룬Ͼɱ˺۶ͷŵĽâ̫ˣͬ˫㣬Χ޴ڡ
ΨдãҶȵ߶޽޽ʱâ
â޽ڸ߿ս棬໥ײ޽𣬾ǽâ飬γɵĻײ֮һ˷ɢȥ


2153 ѹ۶
ɶ񣡡
۶벻ҶѲһҲɱƶл
򣡡
Ȼ䣬۶ٴα˵ͨ
ֻâһΧˮͻȻӿâȻƬˮ֮еĺˮʼ׷ױΪһֱʮľ޴
Ҷ˲Ϣ֡
˾޴򣬴󲿷ԭ򣬶Ϊ۶ռƣʵ֮ࡣ
Ҫ˺飡
۶ӡ֮󣬴ӱռ䣬ӿĽâռ䵽ǡ
֮𣡡
Ȼǿ۷ԵУҶҲҪóԼĴͨȴܱ¶ࡢԼʥصݣʵݡ
ݣɱ˺۶ڝbһ֪ɱʱҶ˾ͳΪס
ʲ˽⣬ҶȾʩչߣ
õ
һץһһɶ೤ëҶУһ̤Խ޽ǰĽâҲź۶ƣҶȺɱ
ҶȵӶ֮
žžž
֮գͷë⣬ϯâʱһŴƬâɣú۶𾪵ǣֻҪ֮еĽâȻһ롣
ΪҶ֮֮ʱɷΪֻҪСԿκ֮ͨͨնԷҶȰɷʹá
۶޷ŵһĻҲˡ
ҶȻӶ֮𼸷֮ͻȻӶ֮ҲͬĽâԺ۶Ľâͷ˶ȥ
ô᱾ͨ
â۶벻ͨҲ벻ףҶȾȻʩչֶͨΣʵ㵲ѡ
ӦϣǸëйϵ۶ɲǼ䣬Ŀڴ֮ϡ
ҶȴʱԽսԽͣѾ۶ֻжʮ׾룬룬Ѿ˵ˡ
һ磬Ҳɱʮ׾֮ڡ
֮𣡡
ҶͻȻﶯ֮𣬴޽Ŵ֮գ˲۶
ᣡ
۶һ磬һɲĺ޽ǣ޽ٶȿʼһһʼ
ݣ
һƬ޽Ҳɱ˹
䣡
ҲڴʱһͻȻ
һָȻϷ򣬺ݺݵץ˺۶鿪ʼ飬׹䣬ͨ㣬ԼħϿղʬ壬ħ㣬ź۶һһ
ɵĺã
һƣ۶ʵҲͼˣͬҶҲܵѹȡ
֮Ž飬۶˺һѪһƣ˵
ಣ
ͬʱâŽ飬޷ǣҶȳûʩչߣػӶ֮к۶
ۣ
գ۶ͱˣ³üѪ

ǿ۶ˣȻƳƵķɱˮ

缴ɱͷ׷״̹Щǿߣ䣬ʮͷնɱʣµĺʼˡ
ͣ
Ҷ벻һĻҲˣ۶Ȼûѡٴγ֣󶴸ȥǶ֮УһӾͲӰ
ǶԸȥغ۶ܲˣ
Ҷơ紫һҲۺ춴ķ֮¡
£һƬſΧԭһˮͨǺ۶Աʱõġ
ҴʱΪ˷ֹҶȵ׷ȥ۶ȻͨѺͨ飬һҪ׷۶̫ˣҪĸʱ䣬ҪӦ۶Ϣ֣۶Ȼˡ
ϧҶȣ
Ӥ
Ҷ˲߶֮Ҵ߶龻֣۶ϢȻ̵ֱʯ㣬ֱԾ˵ٶȣϵںϴʯϵ׷ȥ
۶Ȼ󶴸
Ҫ׷Ϻ۶ҶеЦЦ۶Ҳǽߣ벻磬н𵤡
ҶӤϵøٶԽԽ죬۶ͨͬƽи߶ȣͳ۶֮ҶͻȻץʥǹһǹ·̵ʯ㡣
䣡
ʥǹﵽ˼£Ҷȴ߶ģʵҲﵽ״̬£һǹʯ㡣
ͣ
һʱʯ֮д
ۣ
һѪʯ֮дͼ۶һѪǱŭҶȣ˷ŭǲ˼飬ҶȾȻ׷ǲܵ¡
۶ӲˣҶ˲һ۶ǰѾٰʵߵ۷塣
¾Ǻη֣
ܵ˵ĺ۶һߣȻΪ侲ʡ
Ҷ֪ʱ䣬һȻ֪ͨԷҲڸӪȵ;Уһȡʱ䣬ָơ
ͣ
ϧ̴ˣҶȻᣬɲǼԾٴδ̳ʥǹ
ͣ
۶ѳǿ֮ĩҶһǹ޷ܿǿӦһǹȻ̶ۣϡ

Ȼ䣬۶Ȼ̬ʧˣһͷ۵ĺŭſڣҶһҧ
ҶʩչߣһȻٴλӶʥǹ׼һṥ۶
ͣ
۶ʼһɹѪɫЩ򵥣ȻиʴãΧʯˮǿʴÿֲ
һҶȸ޷
ɷ򣡡
ҶȺںһʼֱѪɫ
֮۶ΪסҶȣֵԮϧˡ
ɷһƬһƬʼѪɫ
䣡
۶ŵһ̲ҶȾȥѪɫȻƴǰͨȥ
أ
ͻȻҶѣæһǺ۶׷ȥ
벻۶ѶԸ
ǰѪɫٶҲǺܾˣԺ۶֮ͨпֵܼǰӪȣҶֻȥס۶
ͻͻͻ
۶˵ϴͨ
ͻȻǰһ΢ӰײͨȻ۶
ʲô⣡
۶мСӰӣӳĹȥ

벻ڶԷʱԷȻ޷ֵľֱӰƶˣȻֱײײк۶°͡
䣡
Ѻ۶ײʮףȻһײ
۶æѪɫҪֹµС֪޸Ѫɫްָʴ

һײΰѺ۶Ʒˡ
˵Ҷȵٶȣô޵ƣٶȡ

۶ոձײһײ¸һײ׼ȷײк۶Դš塣
ֱӰѺ۶ײͨʯһδǿײȥ۶ѾǻѪ빥ޣ޷Ӧκζ޲һײ֮Уǹ۾ˡ
ģ
ҶȴʱҲһƬѪɫ׷һʯײ׵Ĵ󶴣Ǻ۶̱鶴һˣš
֮һһκξٶ޶һʱ䣬ٴη
Ҷֱ̾Ϣ벻󽫺۶µģȻޣ޵ʵѾﵽ߶ȡ


2154 ڝbŭ

۶һ𣬿ʼţƺ뷴
䣡
һƣ֮ϣ֮С
ָһץʱ˿Ҷһº۶ôˮ֮УѾɹһ롣
غ۶󶴸Լâ֪£ʱƬˮ򶼻Ϊ֮һ
۶
ĻгǳصκμͻΪһƬ棬ΧΧʮȴǰһΪĺ۶ΧǺʬ壬ѻɽϷɱնɱǿߡ
ء
ȻŹ֮ʬ壬Ҷȵʼʬ塣
ϴɱʹˣ
ڰվۼǻʵģһѪҲǣǶʵ֣Ȼҡ
ǵ뿪ԼǿߣԮ۶ЩʬûȥΪӣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֮󣬵߶򣬰ѴƬʬ֮УҲ˲ʧȥ
ֱʱΧŸһյĺ۶ȻΪƽأЩһֱû
꣡
ܿ죬ʹʮ֣Ӻѹѹˮ
һ۶ģҲһ㵣۶ꡭֵ֪Ŀǰںδ
һһȺ֣·Ҳ֪۶еˮܵ
ں۶Ҷ֣֮Ҳ޾ˮ磬󣬶Ҷһ޴Ĳ¯ʬ壬ͨͨУʬ֮УʥĴڣ˾ˣһգ¶ﵽԾ۷塣
񸮣óʱʱȥϢƬ̡
Ҷ֮С
̫ҵ֮ϣһץһâӿֶ

â֮У۶ǱҴ㵵ؿΧϧҲϤĺ硣
ҶȾһֱ۶Żڣ۶ҵϣͱ̫ˣҲˣǶԺ֣û˿
۶ʵǾһˮǿߣ֪˵ڝb׵Ĵˮ򣬶ڝbǿߣ
Ŷҿɲʲô
ԭҶȻģһģһ㲻ˣ¶ҶȱģԼ޵Ϣ
࣡۶˲䱩ŭ
ҵϣȻ·һҲϻͿҵϣҶͻȻվ߶һ޴Ļ龻֡
ңΪҪɱң
ΪһŮӣǲȥʥأ
ŮӣʥأѵǡͫŮ
㵹Ǽǵú㲻Ǿ͸䣬ϣֻǿжȡԪ񣬱ʲô֪ˣ
С̫ˣҵԪͱڝbֲӡ˴ףû˿ԶҵԪ񣡡
Ϳɣ
Ҷ֪Ϊ۶ְԲ׿ڣһʼ龻ֶ֣Ѻ۶С
ˣ
龻ֲתܿ죬ں۶Ժͱһ˵ââǿޱȣԪɡ
˰ɣǴµԪӡ¼ֻһ˿Խ⿪ͷЧҴ״ˣ۶ŤЦţ϶ҶǲɹԪ
ȿӵģ龻֣ӡ
ҶһᣬҪź۶棬ڝb׵Ԫӡ
龻ּתһɹɿµʼ˺ԪӡԪӡµģǻģԪӡ˵Ǽʯ
ҶȰʵ۷壬ϾѹһͬԪӡǻԪҪԪӡһӡ⿪ףҪһ⿪ӡǾ¡
ɲ֪ڝb˵ʵɲһ񣡡
Ҷ¶ȡҳģ۶Цĺǵ⡣
ô߶ġ
ȻδԪӡֲú۶ţ϶Ҷ޷Ԫ
Ҷȶԣֻ취һǴ߶ģԼʵﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣΣǱǴ߶ɱﵡ

ǲģҶȿɲΪһͷͼԶŵĹ֮񣬻ǳ׼ġ
ǣ࿪ʼĵͻȻޱȣ˲תȫ

ҶͻȻͬʳ
ôһߺü۶ҲҶչֵľ˱仯ŵŴ͡
龻һμתҶҲ״߶̫⡣
̫ǹĻаģ̫պÿƺ̫ӿ龻֮Уָоһҫ۵ա
óѵģ
ֱʱ˿̣۶Ϊ̫ӿ֣־ڲͻȻ䣬ҧ촽
䡭
ۿҶǿ״̬ȫԪӡʱͻȻԪӡʼڲ飬ۿҪը
ᣡ
òץס۶ԪҶ޷纺κټæѻ龻ַΧСֱԪӡȥ

۶ЦЦȻʱͬƵģ˫ĿһɣͲκθӦ
꣡
ԪӡҲ˲飬ȼ
һ̣ۿһԪƬҪȼմʱ龻΢Ƭٱ
һֻһ䱬
۶Ԫ񣬳һ߻ˣҶȫߴٻ龻֣ջᵽ۶ԪʮһƬҲ˵Ҷȿͨ龻֣յõ۶ʮ֮һļ䡣
ͨڝbʱ˿̣Ҳֺ۶˰ɣҶʱûȥܺ۶һõģǼ߶龻֣ղһЩԪϢҲƬʼںϡ
޾ˮ֮У
ȻһƬӲӡݺˮ³ǳء
۶
һ֮С
ڝbһͷǣװѪպһڣʱ˫ͫһԪ⡣
ӡ˲һ㵣۶ԱԪ񡭡ôܣΪˮ֮У񼶱ߣ˭Ķ֣
ڱǲϳҪʱ̣
ڝbһȻ򹬵֮⣬ֻ»ź붴аѪһʮżģ
»ˣ۶ˣ
ҲǸոոӦ۶Ԫ飡
ʲô
һ۶ʲôˣ»붴аѪԶԸĴڡ
ڝbȻɱ۶Ǳ´󽫣Ҳγһ䡭ͻȻˣȻֲϵ˵వһȶâ֣޷ȫԸ
ˣǽƻ»Ӧ
պû־ټ·ߣˮߣͳͳΧˮ򼯽
ǣ
»뿪

ڝbһ֣ڰ֮УӰֶ۶ʧȥ䣬۶Ѿں۶ͳ졢İ˷ߡǿߣ󲿷ҲնɱһŲ飬ɵ㣬ԷݶԺ۶֣µϢȴǴĺϢǻûɣ¾Ϊ
ټʣµߣǴҲһͬǰڱ֮ϵڝb


2155 纺
ǣټ˷ߣ
վ֮Ӱʧڴ֮С
ɶ񣬿ɶʮΰ𣡡ڝbŭգһֱ޷
֣âˣ
Ȼ䣬ӵһˣ

ڝb·һͬ£׺ɱ֮ǰȻҺ۶֣
۶âһȻΪȻָ֮ʹʵԺ۶ֵǿߣҲָ֮˼˭̤ˮ
뱾뷨ıϣеǿߣֺ۶Ҳնɱˮ֮еʵﵽһλ񣬶Ҫˮ֮Уնɱ۶ǱҲĴڣȻǿߣ
ִδ
ɱâһ󽫣ѵܺö˶˵Ĵȥ
ڝbݺһģһԵΪ촷ۣ۶ǱɽâȱٵߣУڶûйϵ֮Ϊ඼Ǳĵˣ֮ǰ;ڽգڱǺ޲ɱ
ϧϴαشѹο԰֣˵
Ҳṩͼ꣬Щ꣬ø·ֱɱ֮У˵дҪ죬ֵ֮أܶ˿Ӱ죬Ȼ֪ļƻҺ߲Ҳк˵ƻɹֱӹغҺ彫ǷԽ塢࣬Ȼһͳ磡
ǺǣҶǰ֮ˣҲܲô࣬˸ãһмƻ
ζҪâͳһ
ڝb˵һֱ˵Щ޹ؽҪĻ
ңԶˮ֮С
Ưˮ֮Уǰ֮У粻ɸֱӴӾ޴Ĳ¯֮УĺĵѾָʵڼӡ
䣬̫ҵ
۶ƯţϷҶţϽӡǰ龻һֱڻͣת
ǧҶһֱڲϵںԪ
Ͼ۶Ϊǿ󣬼ڝbԪӡںϣԪƬȫﵽ߶ȣ۶ǸӣҶȵǿѡϰ취һͨĥֿ֮졣
۶ϾһߣƿͶһᶯҡĵģֻжȡԪһְ취
Ȼ뵽һ㣬ҶȾ֪һв˳Ȼˣ۶ԪҲҪ꣬ҪȫԸںϡ
ֹȥǧʱ䣬龻ͻȻֹͣתһâƯҶǰǺ۶ԪƬ
ںϣ
߶Ԫ롢ںϺ۶ԪƬ
ŻںϣԺ۶ļ䣬ҲһһչҶǰΪԪģҶȿĻҲǶ϶
۶ֱһУɱ࣬У࣬ﵽʮ֮࣬ҰѴūʹ͸У֣ں۶Уǹ߰ˡ
Ӽ֮УҶּ붴аѪǿߣЩҪģӿںٶȡ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬һĻʥء
ֻ۶޼ɵǱʥؽ֮УҪ֪ʥʵ۶࣬½֮ϣʥػϹŶ۶޼ɵǱʥء
֮У۶һ磬ͷŸӦѰһ죬Žʥ
֮ƣ飬۶һգʧգ۳ֻ֣ƿ֮ˣȻ޷ʧȥʶ纺
ȻǺ䣬۶纺ʧʥء
棬ʹʧֺ۶еĻ棬Ҳ纺Ӱ뿪ʥ֮󣬺۶纺ȥ˺η
ڝbԪӡ̡֪
̫ʧˣۿҪɹ޷֪纺䣬ֻܼѰ۶䣬ں֮УǺ۶һЩ档
ҪںϽʱͻȻһ֮УϷ֮ϣҶȼâĴڝbԼ»üλǿĺ
ڝb»ȥֻʣ۶
ۣѾҲȥ׼׼ټˮڵߣԼ꣬ʹŴɱ½αҪ֮ҲڱǰڝbڨڨЦ
âȻҪ
棬ҶȻһֱһϢԪȻâһֱ棬δģս
ڝbȻڵڳﱸ
۶ƱػὫ֮ͷȡ̤񣬽ҲżԪǸ߽λ񣬳֮һͳˮǳ⣡
Ȼ
ڝb״ЦȻɫһۣڶප֮У俴㣬֣ģ޷ȼģ
лչˣҲɲһ
һҪ׻Ȼؽһ޴Ķɲ򵥣Ǳⷽˮ֮⣬ڶҪˮ򣬱ҲΪµĶ
ºεºܣ
ϴʥ֮У˳Ѻץ´󹦣ǺŮϻк꣬ҲԸҺ߲ƻشͻƣҺһͳ룬Ѿߣ˴ͣǱģҲģ̤񣬱뿪ƫԶˮֱΪ߲Ч
ЩӦģ˴ʱǺŮд飿
֮У۶ͻȻʵǺʷϣδй뺣ʷһ뺣Ů飬ȥˮ磬ȻҲǸ߸ϵĴ
Ҫ纴飡
һĻҶѾͷűڵɱ⡣
ϣõ纺ϢͻȻϢҪĽ
Ҳ뺣Ů飬ǵһʱ䣬ѵõرϢ߸߲֮󣬸߲ʹߣλܣȴ˺Ůݣ
ǺŮǺ𣿡
٣һ˫ͫҲϸϸԴĹż֪֮ӵͫģһڣŻᵮһӵͫĺʿͨͨǺߣ
ݣ
ǰҲû뵽һ֪ǺŮ飬ϧâƫƧ򣬸Ի֪ţãֱ߲ӽرǺŮֱӴߣʼҲֻбһ֪Ϊ¹غش󣡡
лأ
ǺŮڿˮ磬ĳһλ֣֮ûʸȥ̽Щ֮뺣ͫĺŮ飬Ǽϧʧȥ˴ûᡭ

汾ڝbһ̾ϢͻȻһתֺ۶նɱһͷĻ档
Ҳ˵ΪԪԵʣǶμѾˡ
Ҳã
龪һ֪ڝbҪ纺飬ҶƽҲƻţǱâʱڝbɱΣ
Ϊ纺ʱóֱͷڲԶâֱӻʲô


2156 ƽ
ڡ
纺ֱˮǿߣĺ֮С
֪ϢҶҲʱƽ纺ϢֵʧȥϢҲһõϢ
۶仭棬ʱҲʧ
ҲûκζĻ棬ȻԪ񣬿ҶȴеõҪϢâ纺Ϣһ˺֮֮ãûаһˡ
۶ͻӦò˰ɣ
תѳɻ˵ĺ۶һ˷ߣҶѹ˭ҶȾΪˡ
ҶȵǲںЩ۶ӵʵ֪жྪˣҶһںϵĻͻӦòڻ¡
ಣ
һץӺ۶ָץһö䣬ú۶ԪϢںϴͨ⿪ָӡıνһ޴ı⡣
ӵиֵıʯȵȣʯѾ֮ҶϣõĻǱԴȿǧͼƷʣȡһﵽҶΪȵĸ߶ȣһ棬ΪӤѰбԴ
һѰңջ̫ˣԴﾹ֮࣬вٻǸ߼ԴбԴһɫɫ̫ˣЩбԴһʶ
ڶʱͻ嶤£֮ıԴҿﵽ߽λ񣡡
žϲЦݣҶ벻õԴκһòɣ
˱ԴҲʮ֮࣬۶ӵһ޴ˮӵ֮ıҲ֮У鿴
аʱҲֻмˣǾƷʥ񲻵ȣмԪʼ֮УҲǧ屦ҲһЩ
ʲô
룬Ҷ۾ˣΪʵ̫࣬ȻӦһǿҡаϢڴͷš
һ˲ڰռһӡ
ӡ֮УȻƯѪ
ѪߴʮɣǷӡƣЩѪһ㣬ЩѪȻľѪЩѪѾȫΪֱʳɡ
۶֪ɱ˶ˣۻ˾˵Ѫ
ҶޱȣѪһǳǧ
ѪӦǺ۶ͻõģϾѾﵽ۷꣬Ѫͻر
ѪҶԽоͷŵľ˴Ȼﵽ߶ȣҲ˵ÿһѪһһλ

Ѫ̺ɱ۶õʬӦôﵽĸ߶ȣ۶ɱô࣬ɱһʲô
Ѫ̫мֵˣÿһѪ۶࡭Ѫóơգɺ۶
뵽ʹѪһʶơһͬǶʵֱӰҶȣԽǿҶԽ޷漣
ಣ
˲ϢҶȾ뿪˾䡣
ˮ֮У¯֮Уڲʬ壬רעΪͻƣѾﵽ߽λʥ񣬶ΪӲ˼飬ϾҪ̤
ҪѪʱ
Ҷһ˵ֹͣУɳҶǰҶȱ򶨣֪ҶһӺ۶ϣҪ鱨
Ҷȼ˵һ飬ѻѪ֮ϣơﵽѪʱѼ
ϴѪھͿʼͻ񣡡
ҲܰΪڶʱŽλʥȻѪʣҲҺܿͻ񣡡
һ⣬ҶӿѪ磬ץסѪ֮쳣ǰ֡
ƵʼѪ׼ͻص֮УӲ¯֮Уĺ
ڝbϢ֪䣡
Ҷûпʼպ۶뵽˸Ҫһ㣬ǾâϢ
κ۶䣬۶ƱػӿڝbĲ
һᣬѺ۶֮УڝbһݶԻҪԽĻ棬ӡһͷŶ
޾ʦȡϵ֪ʦڻָΡ
ʱҶȿ޾ˮ磬뵽Ӧ޾ˣһֱܵӦϴ߶
Ҳʼ磬պȫŽλʥ۷塣
ʥء
ʥʥռ䣬ʱͻȻ⣬Ծ˵ٶȣԽʥ󷨣գۼʥ֮С
ˣ
ڶռ䣬һЩϹŶʥҪěˣͻȻ̧ͷһץҶȵķƿն
þ˵ٶȣ
ΧвϹŶһƿնھ̾ߵʵ
Ҷʦܴķ
˻δʶ𶯵Ϣ򴫳ԵúƽȻʼں
ֻ

ͻȻһںϹŶѯʣתͶ󷽽֮УϹŶɫһҪϢ
ǳռ䡣
һӡֳ֮˼߳Ȼ׼ٻ֮ʣ֪֮ϣһصƯڰա
ҲյҶȴķ򛕷׵
֮󣬾̾䣬벻ҶʦܻõҪϢھâ֮УڝbȻڰеâر
ʵϴΣڝbȻ̤Ҫ췣֮ʱоԤУڝbػд򣬹ȻҪս
ս
һضӭһ𣬵ʱ򴦴Ϳ̿ʬҰ֪жʧ˵ʥأʱҲʧأӭ֣֮âڝbһǿߣи񣡡
췣֮ʱ֮ѡά֣Ϸ׵֮⣡
սһͳ˼
䣬ô죿
ҶΪϹŶȻᴫݼϢһк۶ڝbԻĻ桭Ҫȥʥأô֮ȡϵͬ£Ϸ߼ϹŶʮ֮ڣعʥأ
ǣ
˹شɫ̧ͷʱѼӰ
ͱӰҲʧǳռ䡣
޾ˮһƬ߿գȻյ
ͣ
ͻȻ䣬ӿ˹״٣͵·պȥ
ֻ֮ϣһۣаؿڰ˵٣һĨЦȻұһȭһɹϵâ
âΪǧ׾޴ȭӡ̬˵ֱӺȥ
̤񣬲κ⣬ѪǺöҲ˲ھҪ̤񣡡
ʮ֮⣬ҶƯһƬʯȺϷ٣˶޵֮ɫԳʵͻ翴ҶЦݡ
Ҷ׵ڝb֪ʲôʱ򣬾ҪâҪڶʱ䣬ʵߵǿ״̬ʱʥأһѪսâɱɱȶԸ۶ҪѵĶ࣡


2157 ʥ
ͣ
ڱߣ
ײգתΪھ٣ҪԳƽһУ𽥲ŵС
Խǿһ٣Ǳֵɽʵġ
֮ĹȻܵǣ
ڹעƶɽٵҶȣʱԲ繫ˣ˴ϢҶ֮ǰϲࡣ
ΪʧѰ䣬ΪҶˣ͵Ϯ۶նɱ۶նɱ۶ӦŸֻصֵˮ򣬿ʼлĴ
֮ȻӲˣ󶴸ֺܿ쿪ʼڵˮ򣬺֮ϢվһһâⷽˮѾ˼ΪǼ࣬նɱһɶ
繫˼ʱܵҶѣŸԼֺǰƵĺ֮ģȻ޷Կյĵڵ񣬶ź֮һͬ
âڵд
ʿҶûһھΣԺ۶֣âҲڽս֮УһͳƬ򣬺֮ĳҪġ
䣡
ĺȻ䣡
ľŵ׹£ڰ;ͱͷŵâ޽һñը
֮ȥһԪڳΧ
ƴʱ˿˳Ҷȡ磬һ񾳽磬ʵѾ֮к޵֣֮Уһˣ񿹺⡣
ҶصˮպҶѾӦţ𽥳
ʥأ
Ͽ޾ֶߵһ佻ţʮ䣬ԴΪʥ䡢ʥ䡢̫ʥжٮٮߡ
ಣ
ֻ֮ԹŽ׷䲻ϳֱ֣йЦԽǰ
ܿʮʥ䣬Ưʥظ߿֮ۡ
ӭߣ
ʮȻɫ׵
ˡ
һŤռγɣȻʮһһŤռռֱǵĵȥɣȫƿ֮¡
֮Ҳʾ⣬鶼һͬء
ʮֱʵõϢȷţ
ϢǱϹŶҶȣðմâȡ뿴
ڻش֮˫һ֣һӰֶֻ۶ڝbڽ֮Уڝb̸֮¡
ڝbԭͼƻţչԣ
ʱ䣬ǹŽ׷䣬ΪϢҲĴǣ֤һĻ棬˭е𺳣
âһսһͿ֮֮̿
Ҳĵģ
Ϊ곤֮˵ϵģһڣ˶һֱȻڷâʼǽâˮ֮Уⳡս˼Ԫ޷ٱȥģֻѡӦս
ͷâսҪϸϸƻһâһȻڣӴˮжٺ໹Ҫ
ҶǰϢӦҪ㣬ҺҲϢں׼£ͱâ͵ϮĻ
ź̾
һ̫߳ʥص䣺ҶӦ뱾ϹŶħԼʥ磬һȥâͬǷߵĹϵȻӰ룬ǿͨˣȡâĶ
ⳡսʼҪģ
ʮ󣬵˵ټһۻᣬʱ˿̿ʼγ֮ƣҲγˣʥءš۹֮ʱ˽ɺޣһ¶⣬Ƥ֮ëɸֻкֿܵⳡƽ٣
ǣ
乪Ļشÿ˶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʱ
Եǰ޾ˮ
΢һٻӰӶ·ԦһƬˮâ֮档
½ˮ򽻽ӵĸ߿գر˫ۣ֮Į̾ⷽˮ֮£ȻҲۼĺԸ߲ʥΪûжǿߡ
һӦ֮ӡΪ˷ˮ֮£ʮ֮У
ϣƿնȥ
ˣ
ȻΪһ֮⣬
޾ˮ
ʥҪṩâĶ
֮УҶ綼ڴ߶ƣؿҶȡ
Ǵ£ɵ飬㻹ȻغʥأѴ¶֪䣬ˣⶫҲȥЩͷ֮ƱػĴ
ҶһץָȻϳ۶ͷ
ͷģʱЦЦⶫâ̤ͻܵʿǿģ
֮ˮ档
Ҷȼʼɺڲɺ۶ʬ壬а̤Ϊвٺʬ廹δЩʬഢ䣬汦ҶһռԴԼʯȱ
ͬʱҲͨھ֮УƸ񵤣һսÿʿľݡ
ţҶϽʮͷһһϢǸϽϻشΪսһǸûսҶҲҪϸϸţҪôǰڷ֮УҪôͰ뿪
֮âһսʤ˭Ҳ˵սǲпģԷΪڻҶûʸ
ʥء
ʱʥ֮⣬һ޴󷨣֮⣬ǿߣԼʥﵽ֮ࡣ
Щʥءš۹Ҳжĺƽ٣עȫ
롣
빬æߵǿߣ뼸䲻Ͻʱʱ´̫֮࣬ⷽ޷ȥܣֻôﵽĴƿжƻ
ϹŶ缴
ʥ뼸䣬
һ׷¶ϲģǵۼ֤ҶȡơʵоˣӵǾϲ
ۼвš۹ȵȣԼһٶˡ
ಣ
ڴ֮£һӰֶģ磬Ȼᣬʵȴ֮
λ䣡
統Ϊ׵䡢ʩ
׵ʦܣɴâʲôϢ
䣬˴â֪̽ڝbսѵâ˷ˮߣҲв٣
統ڻش
˻һ䶼סˣ񣿻вٵ
Ҷźһδ֪ĲʱͻȻƾһץ˽â֮˳ɱڝbһ󽫣
˭
ԣ˭һ˾
뿴ſָȻ䣬һѪܵͷͻأسǰ
ۡ
۶
һ۾ϳͷݣ˻̲ס˼


2158 Ǩ
۶
ѪܵͷȻâһߣˮס
ڳ䣬ĸ֪۶ĴڣλҪԽЩʥأһͷȻΪһͷժȡ
ͷڵѪ
һٶ䣬һΪ֮𾪣ԼǾϲһѡ
Ϊڶ޵۶ɱĺãɱĺã˿Ϊ¾󹦣
Ϊһӣɱ۶ҲǷ֮£򶨻ش
Ҷƺʱع飿̫ʥ䣬ͻȻʵ
صâ֪̽ڝb֮Ҳع飬˾Ҫ˶ڝbһһԷֿ£ҲӽӦս۶һػӿâ
ܺãȰѺ۶նɱϢʿģ
ʼ
Ȼƴ·ǻ硣
һ֮󣬴ͻȻһռ֮Уʱռ䣬ʦʥϹŶѾȫع飬ΰø߲Ϊµͬţǲսֻбɱˣ
ϹŶֶʵ
вͬȰѸ߲µӾۼһȻͨʦֶΣǱʥصԴԼҪ
ΪʦԣЩ£Ϊʦ԰ʥض֮дߣ
ǡϣʦı
ı
ʦ֮磬ʦԴʥ뿪ȻѰһĵطһ½أʥأâսǺ޹ϵ뿪꼰أ˵ֻ֮£ʥ޹أ
𣿡
󣬴Ĭת£ڤ˼һ
δŴһֱ壬һȴš
֮󣬴ʥ޹أʥزͬʥأǨƶʥشӿʼΪԪʥϵһʱѵôƨɣˣ
ʦ
ͻȻ¡
Ӧ뷨ɣʱΨһĵӡ
֮ǹȻĿᶨ˵ԸʥعΪӳ˵ӣڵУĸɣѡˣḷ́һ뿪ӵ뿪λ꣬ʦȫսǳǰܣӶʥأúɱ¾ͬ
ɣ·޶ԡ
ʦ
񼤶վ
Ҵݺʮһʥһ̣߾ţڣֻΪʦ̤񣬳ɾ͵ԸΪʦһֵο£ôͽܣڴǴ֮ǰȷѡ񣬼ǵΪʦΪʱĻ𣿡
Ӽǵãұ֮ˣɱϣάҳʥأ
ЩţѴÿ䣬ǰˣ󲿷֣㻹δȥΪʦ˼𣿡
ˣ
ܺãϹŶǵĽ飬ΪʦҲῼǣϾֹؼʱڣΪʦҲҪһЩȲѵľ޷ס赲ҲΪʦҲһЩԼԸѡ񣡡
ʦεȵѡ񣬵Ӷʦң벻
ʥȥɣ
˾ֱۣͷ֮ʣȴû˿ոսϲá
ĳ֮С
棬׼һ£Ҿ߲µʿԴ֮У㱣ǣˮϵϵ֮ɣֻˮ֮رЩ޹ǣ
ʮһââ֮УȻʥΧæµľ
׵ҵΪӦÿ԰Ѵ󲿷뱾Դռ䣬ҺΪϵʿռܸߵıУ
ֻҪû£㲻ٽҲǺ׵ģǺǿ߰ռһ޷֣
ˣ
ͷӷ·Цһ㣬һֱǱĮȻ
â

֮Уһٶﵽ۷ĺǿߣڝbƻһ£붴аѪС
ʱһͻȻ֮У¸ո̽ٶ֪֪۶˵ͷУ
ʲô
ڝbһǻðɡ
࣡
ĺǿߣĸɱȼգһ˫˫ͫͬħһ
ڝbʱڽչӴ½ˮԼ½Χһͬ
ǣ
ʱһͷҴ뿪𹬡
֪̽ѾڳﻮӦս֮Уڝb㱨
̽Ϣ
ڝbһֱ޷ƽ۶ͷУֱ˵һܴ衣
ʮ֮ʮȪɽ
ʮ̻ᣬȪ̻֮ء
죬ﲻپóףǾۼʿ඼Ǹ߲ʿٲͨա
ﻹֻһ֣ʣµһ֣Ҳ޷ǣǣ
߿ʮ温·أӿµ࣬ʮͻԼꡣ
ܱ֮һ࣬Ѿ漣ҲΪֹһ̾
ʱȪɽΧʥظ֣ھۼ˷ʿ̫ˣڼڵʿţӸ߿ոȥضӿ
̫ү
ԶһƬգʮʿȪɽ
Ϊ׵ģȻǰ˻ӽ
ʱʥ̫ϵӵĵۣӭ֮ͬ𣬴ʱȴֹˣĿԴĲְգȪɽȥ
ҵĸ߲㣬뿪֮ǰ׷ײᣬ̾ʹȥ˻ӽȻͬʵ۰Ĵڣܵء
һһͱˡգ߻мʥ̫ϵӡ
һ̫ϵ֪̾ǸĽЩˣǸøеڣ
۹֮ʥأʥ֮
صĵǵΣػ۹ʥأҴҽľӪĻҵҽԿס洴Ļҵλʦ֣㶼ȥæɣ
ãԺٺúþһۣڴ󣡡
̫ϵӵȪɽһֱĿʹԶȥǡ
ֹ˼꣡
ͻȻ䣬һȪɽ߿ձͨҲҪż򣡡
ͻͻͻһƿȻȪɽգһɾ޴â֮ͨͨ
ͨΧ̳ʥصǿߣʥĴڣʼά򣬻ɽ˺ʼ֮ͨС
Դ֮
ͨ󷽵ա
֮УϽӡ˫ͫһâââͨ
˼һĻˣǰֱֻ۴ֵâ֮ͨУȻӰٴܶϽ˫ͫ
ͬʱȪɽ޷ɽ˺ڿٵؽâ֮ͨС
磬ֻðĿռ䣬˲˼ǨһĻ
ʿӵɽӵʿ
ʿ꣬ﵽڣտھǣͷʿ֮ͨԶʵɱ¾


2159 ս
ʿͨĿռ֮С
ʮһӣеȪɽ԰˷ǿߣ֯ʿ֮ͨУһж֮нš
ʥء
ڲռʥ֮У֯ϹŶԼʮˣһԲξš
ǵðʥطٴμӹ̣ʱ޷ֲֹҲֻܴ߶ػʥزݻ٣
ɳپӢЩϹŶкܶҪҪսӣǰ󣬵칥ȵȣ
ӸʥسһϹŶԼӢֱأʣϹŶҲзֹҪʥս£ҲҪ˸֧Ԯʥϵȵ
ܶడҶӿ첽жβغʥشҲغ
󲿷ϹŶԼĿɛܽᣬʱ˿̣ÿһϹŶԵ쳣أΪս֮ս޷ӱܣֱֻǰһ·
ԵˮϿա
ಣ
Ȼ䣬ʿ򣬷ˮա
ʿ֮УӦɣһǲʵʿ֮Уǿмǧˣʥǿ߾һǧ£ǿߣȻҲжʮˡ
ߣЩ̫޴ˣȻҪŽʥأһͬڹŽâս֪
âǰǿʵٱâսֱȡɣû뿪ⳡ£ȻѰһ⵺˵
һҲֻ⺣㣡
ӪǰϵˣΪﵽܸߵľ磬Ȼ䡣
ԭҪŸɾӢⳡս
֮ǰһ۹ҲⷽǵٶȣӦ׷ǡ
ҲǰԶ׷ǣ۹Դ
չˮ߿գƺѰʲôĿꡣ
Ҳͬʱ׷ɳΧ֮ʣ򣬾Ȼ½дʿˮⷽ
ЩѡĸˣǶԣûҪ󴬣һͬȥ
аѪˣһˮ򣡡
ˮ֮£һ
Ȼʬ壬Ȼʬ壬Ȼ֮࣬˺Щʬ塣
ʬɽʬɽۣ֮һƯĶ֮УаѪаѪ߸ڱ֮ϣողŶһ㣬һɱ
ҲԼͬ޴֪࣬պñҺ壬һΧɱҲףͷԷɣడ࣬ǵĻԼ
аѪʴЦ֮һɳʬɽգ˫һȻΧˮ֮УӿľӰ̫ˣӶס
каѪˮԼʮ֮Ǳˮ֮£ΧѾڿˮ涯
ֻ֮ǰ뿪ǿٷϷ߿գаѪ״ػӶұۣʿ׽߿ʱұͻȻ¡
˻˻
ͬʱӡʱƽ˾ˮ棬ȻֱӱˮˣЩˮϣﵽ֮ߣٶ֮졢ˣˮͻϮ֮ƣͻȻɱ˫Ӫ֮С
һʱʿˮֱ˺飬еǿʿӦʼǵȴǵһµˮ˴֡
ֵһץǿ߷׷䡣
ˣâٳˣ
ǰٸ֣벻ʿգ۾һ룬߸ַ۵糸ȥ
ˮٴγɱһƬʿ䣬Щˮ̫ˣЩĺǿֲĴڡ
޻أȥ
ʮ֣һʥǿߣǱɳˮ˹ΧۿҪԽӣ뺣߿ʱ
ͻȻһ޴ĺӰǰȻǸߴɵаѪӰ˸֡
ۣ
ֻһƣʮǿߣˮ֮УͱˮɣȻʿѾһҲûʣ¡
ˮ֮£аѪذѲӰ˫ͫȻʬ壬ڨڨЦš
һǿǰǺҪ룬մ׵ķּ룬Ҫ
Ȼûǣϧһûаھˮ׶ˣż룬ٷһ㣬Ҳ˳򣡡
ǣ
аѪ󣬸ʼʬ壬е໹һҲΪв͡
âˮ
һ֮У¯һֱڻȼ֮УҶպ֪˶ྪ˵Ҷ˫ͫơ
ϴ󣬹Ѵﵽһλʵ
漴ϷֻһӰֶգ۾Ҷǰһ۵ĳƣʱĳƣԳҶ̫ࡣ
ҶȾһȻͷҲҪ׼ͻʱ䣬ʥʱʱϢѽȫ汸ս״̬֯ѵ󷨵ȵȣȥռһЩȻдϢĻᣡ
簳Ȼȥƿúڿˡ
ҲգȻȥɣڵʵѳ̫ʥص䣬ֻҪâ»ֲֿκκ㣬Ծ·
ٺ٣һ
ҲϰԵתʧںããˮ֮С
ѳΪҲ̤ҲȲ˶áһ˶ﵽκβ񣬵ҲκβǣҲӵԱ֮
Ҷֱ˫ۣ¯֮УʣµĴ
ʮ涾ַˮԵ
Ѿ룡
֮£ֻ󶴸ǿߣͨˮ棬ʮ
»㱨֮һӣԴ󶴸Ĵ֮зУܿʮˮʯ㣬պôӰɳһЩ֮ӡ
¡
ʯͻȻ¶һʮɴСˮ
󶴸תһ֣һΪ·ﵽ߽λĺߣֱȥ
ʣʮˮ֮С
ʱ½رԵԼɽ֮УһƬǳأģҲеȣһʮԵ֮еĵ۹
÷˭ҲҪԳǣʥѾâʱҪ
ǳسǰǧʿ뿪۹ǱسǼʿأκͨС
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻ䣬˸о´أʼԽԽǿң޷վȡ
ʿƼӻζĵ棺ô£
꣡
գ۹ͻȻ濪ʼѷ죬ѷ֮УӿĴź֮ĺˮڳǳ룬ͻȻһˮ
ȼʿշӦӿĺˮͻȻʼᶳ桢ǳءԼʿȻʼᶳΪ֮Լʿ޷ֵɱ֮
꣡
һʱ䣬ǳػΪȻһһץǳغȻ飬Ϊ飬Ȼˮӿ
ˮӿģĺ
۹Ѿܱ߻мСǣʿɳɱŵÿʼĴӣû˿ֿͷ


2160 Ϳ̿
ɱɱɱ
ŵ۹ǻˮӿ֣󶴸ɱ¾֮֮𶯣һ࣬ҲҪŹɱɱܻ׽ã
޵ߣ
Ϊ󶴸䵱ڷӿĺʱͬħѰΧСǣɱȥ
ֻķݣҲмʥҪֹŲ֣ͱһȺΧ˺顣
ʱűǣش֣½ϷΧأȻ˲ӡ
ֻ֮죬ܿΧСҲΪ״̬ٴνӡ֮һ޴ռˣӿˮڱռ䣬ռ䣬Ǻ½ӪأкˮΪ֣ǿʱ
ֻǰ㹦۹Ѿȫ󶴸ռץסǧ࣬һһռ䣬һˮ磬ЩΪ²ӭǵֻޱʹĥ
󣡡
ֹ˲ãռ룬ƯĶ֮С
һӣһٶͷǿߣռϷȻ󲻶Ͻӡֻһʮȥű죬ӵӿĺˮҲűӿʮ
Ȼӵӿĺˮ֮Уӿĺźˮ췽򣬲ϵʮͦ
ɱ
Լһʱ֮ͻȻٶʿӿֳͷ߽λ඼ʥĴڡ
Щʿͬһʥǿߣƴ멣˼ɣֱӱɱĿ겻Ǳĵ۹ı
͸Ӧ֧Ԯ٣ȴδʱԱһǿ߽ܵṩ鱨Щʿʮʥءǿߣⷽ
̫С󶴸ȫˣмĺߵ
䣡

ıǰЩסʥظ֣ȴʥǿߣоֱնɱˣҿʼƺѾ֪Ǻͦͨ
ûкˮΪҲ½طУĵǾ޷ٵõָ˱ԴԴߵĺˮǺ½ݺᡣ
ɲǼ䣬ܵʥع
ʥСָ֣ҪһشʱȴΧͻȻּﵽʥ۷ٸֶ֣ӱ֮зɳһʱʥǿΧɱ֮С
ˣ
Զʥǧָǰ
Ʋһ˵롣
ʦ֣аǲܶʦ֡ʦǲܣǴҶԸȥΪǵͬţɱ
Է󶴸ѾܶԸģֻʥ֧ԮҸ֪һƣäĿȥǣҲں¾֮£鱨޷ݳȥиܵ¾
ߣ
˵ںȳһ˲Ậա
ʥء
λոյʥشϢ󶴸ѾͨͨɹӪأ
֮УϷ
·ʮΪʮ䣬ŴϢ䶼ɫζâʽչս
Ŀǰ׷ŽδںֵϢҲǻᱬģǱҪѡ½󶴸ڝb´󽫣ʵĪ⣬ĺҲܾˣ
˵һһ䶼ϣ˵֮ĿʥؼϹŶԼ̫ʥһζ½󶴸жʥ̫ʥظȴҾΣ
ţ
ͷ޳ɴĴ취

ʥ֮⣬ǧʥظֳˣ߻мϹŶ
ѵûʥغ
ͻȻһŵ͸߿ն
ֻǧǿߴһ߿շͷߣȻǳħҲмϹŶ֪ʵһжԳΪġ
ʦܣ
ΪһɹµϹŶȴڳħ½ϹŶǰֵôȳȻȭӭӡ
˫Ӵ֮߿ռٷȥ
ʱʮһ
ټһǳأ׳çԭ֮С
ǳѾûյķپ󣬴ʿؿǰأΪмͷˮ˲ǳƽ
Ƕ֪ɱˣ
ˮ֮ˮϯأ󷽱㿪ʼΪˮΧٺǿߣڿˮٶȣ֮Уĺǿߣˮ˲ӿǰǳء
ɱ
ǳһȷ߰ǧʿΪֻһǿߴ죬ֱɱһ

ӭǵģͻȻϯˮˡ

󷽲Զİգ֮ϣֻаѪڱ֮ϣߺȻվﵽ۷ߡ
һߣаѪԻӶ˫ۣ߸һϣʹӿˮˣˮһʱߴɣٶ̫ˣδݼǧǿߣѷɹˮ˱˴Ϸ
ֻ˲䣬ˣǧ౻ϯˮ֮Уʿ˺飬ʣµˮ֮ȴǵģǴˮӿֵһͷͷײк

ˮգۼҪƬǳأֻܴˮӭҲмֿʼ߶ǳط硣
䣡
翴Ƽ̣ȷԳǳڵİ˵Ѿޱȼ̣ˮ˲䣬Ϳʼ飬Ȼˮˣû˳ǳء
ۣ
ʱʿɱҲѹ֮Ŵ˵࣬һ߾ʬ塣
ʱˣǳرųʬɢڴ֮ϣȫʤץסࡣ
ȻаѪδСʤ̤ķ֮УϢ֮أһһˣһ
űӿ֣ޱȼʼԸոձնɱַ֧࣬ȥ
аѪһЩǿߣڱǳ֮кȾ֣кʵ׺ʱʴɱ
ˣҲԳ֣ЩҲܶԸаѪЦ
ЩŮ
ʱͷŶʮŵɪɪŮ
ȷǲ
ΧĺͷǣŮһʱҲδס׷ȥаѪһܺüŮһЩЩֲĽ죡
л
Ǽ뿪˴
âϵʱ
âһˮ磬ҶڲϵؼӿٶպʱϢһȻﵽںϵĵز
ʱ䲻ˣڴߴһع飬󶴸аѪ붴ԼѾʼ
֮УҶҲʱʱ̹̿עƣĿǰΪ̫ʥشʥΪǿߣͨ½󶴸Ҳһȫһ
ڻСģսҪΪδȫĹϵǴڝbɱĻĺƽ١
ˣ񡭡Ҷһ̤ããˮ򣬻˭κң
ͻȻֹͣͬʱѲ¯֮С
Ϊһ裬ɳˮ磬߿֮ϣʼԼ󷨣Ǿ˵ģҶҲΪ׼


2161 
ӡ֮һ׾޴ľԼ磬Ҷȱ
漴Ҷȱͷнƣһʱ䣬ӿܿͳܳܵļޣ֮Ϸн
ͣ
ϯγյľǹĽƣ·Ǳڿĺˮںϡ
ɣ
ҶѾɳھſԴѾںϣҶʼ飬ȻԼĵһ١
˿̣
âңԶǴ˵֮У½ڵңԶ
ˮ޼ʣҲκε죬âˮҲʮңԶľ룬˵
ƽˮգͻȻһƬռ֮УӿŤռ䣬ವһһֳͨӰ߳
Ϊ׵ģңԶŮӡĪа񡱣Լӵе֮ӣ֮ǰ½ף
ֻĪа˫ͫȼſµĻ棬ֶҲϨԱĵʦǲ̫˵
Ϊ˾õǼΪʦȷ̫żһ㣬ҪһʱϢ
Īа񻺻âˮ򣺡ΪʦӦ콣Ϣܽˣȥǰ˽һΪʦҪϢһ󣡡
ȥɲǼʹգԼˮǶ˵ΪȻǴﵽܸ߾Ĵڡ
Ҳ
ֽâˮ֮УȻ䣬һâǰˮ򼯽ᣬƬˮâĵ̣âȻֻһСˮĺһֱϵЩ壬½ҲԸ
Ũҵɱ·ȥ
ӵͷ֮󣬶ٴһȻ֮С
磬ĴڣȻҲҪͷŷȻȴҲҪܵѹȡ
պãʱǧͷâֻͦһץǧͷʱǰΪ׵ĺͻƿͨŵޱ飬ǰʱֻ֣ˡ
âɭɭʵ
ǡǣ֮е䣬Ļش
âǰ򣬿һ
˵ɣ
ͶˣȷҿâڼرĪʲôжɣ
ϴ׵ķּΪâѿʼս
սǺǣССһâ֪Ϊս
ӵе֮ӣЦ֮󣬿һ
䣡
ֻ΢΢񣬱ƿصǧȻֱѹûΪһƽߣһβ߹âȻǧƾղˣǲˣ֮£δ¡
ǻȥɣ
תʧȥ
ˮ֮ϡ
ܿͻصĪаڵգͻȻĪаϢʲôɫԵúء
ĵʦӦöϢȫ߶ǿԪҲڼʱ䣬ʹа½âˮ򣡡
ΪʦڵģĪаһֱԶƺֻܿ
ΪʲôԪʼˣҲ֮ܽնɱϽץסᣬ
ȻΪǿ󣬷ޱߣ̫ˣǿȻиǿߣò
ʦ𡭡Īڵĵ콣ӵߣ
ΪʦʲôӲ۾ȷˣ콣һݣ콣ƪؽƪ˽ƪʱģ˽ƪΪʦõǵؽƪ콣ƪû˵õ
ĪаɫأǽĿ⿴ӣΪʦԴõ콣֮һֱСѰƪ䣬µõ⽣ǿߣҲ籾һҲʮСģͷ콣ͷҲʩչ˽ƪӵߣȴ޼ɵʩչ콣Ϊʦܷ֣ѵõ콣ƪǿߣͲܷ𣿱Ͼͷ磬ͬΪʦֻһ統ǿ߰ˣ
Ӧòɣʦ׼˼ԪܸӦ콣
ϣ콣ƪ˯ĳɣһΪʦõ˽ƪܸӦ콣ƪʱõĴУǲĴ̨ͬʱ񼣣ԪʼΪ벻Ĵ֮У
ʦһʵԸˣӸղȥһâֺڽ֪Ǹӵ콣ʿܲܶԿ޷ԿںУУ콣ٴʧĿܣ
ģʱʧΪʦΪһʱ䣬ܸܿӦҲϢᣬΪʦκúú񣡡
Īа񵱼ӻ֣ʧˡ
͡
֮Уڶߵ١
ߵٶͷſµ֮з׹£·СҶȣɱ
ҶȵƯţ֮ǰ٣Ӱ춼󣬵ǵߵپͲһˣ̫ˣﵽ״̬ʼﵽȼ״̬
ޱ֣
ߵҶ˫ָչ٣Ӷ˫ָۣһץȥ
䣡
ֻֻϢĴ֣һһץߵ֮ϣһʱıըռ䶼˺飬γĦǣߴڲϱޱץ£ȻҶȺɱ
Ҷȼӿٶȣޱֲϴҹߵ٣ԴκһʥصĻʥضѾ챻ץ顣
پ٣Ҷȶһ麹ڣߵٻˣݲϢڰ˵Ѿ֮С
ҶҲٴθıŴ߶˫㣬Ǵͬʱڰ˵٣·γɵİ˹ɺư׹¡
ಣ
˫Ҷ֮γŶҶĿ⿴˵٣˫ͻͻȥ
䣡
գۼ䣬˫ڰ˵ײһ𣬰˵Ƹͣǰ˫飬ȻͻȻҶѹȥ֮˫ҲӾˣ纣ˮһӿȥ
߿ղţΧʮ߿գ
һ֮󣬴˫ռƣڰ˵ʧţҶȵ˫ĿһΪٶΪŹɿµϢ
˵ʱʱ죬ھŵپɣ·һŹֱӻΪһ׽Ҷն
򣡡
һΣҶȲδѡֱӹʩչӦ԰취뿪򣬶ܶԿ١
ͣ
̫ˣŵ׺ڴ֮ϣȻѴ϶˶˺ƣ˸оҪŵ˺һ
Ҷȱƶ״̬ϴ߶ᷨӡ㱻˺ѣֻܿᣬһھŵٶԿ㹦򣬵ھŵٿʼɢȥϤԪ
ʱҶõʱ߶򣬴Ԫ
֮ԪʧˣҶҲʼӭ飬֮Уһâɹ񾳽һԴ

Ҷ̤һأκ񶼲Ķ֡
ţҶҲʼ׼Ǻ۶ѾһʼʱҶȾͿֱպ۶ܿﵽһλ״̬
ʱԽȣ֮УҶҲҪΪһʱͿԸϻ뵽Щ߶ٶȡ


2162 âѹ
ʮ
ͷ⵽ʥ̫ʥϾϮʧСʥҲòȥ
أ⡣
֮Ǻռݵĵ̣֮ȫӿĺˮ
ԴԴͨһʮͦŴǰС
ʱõ»㱨սȻʵʥأ̫ʥأ
ʥΪ̫ʥǳħ˴ŲϹŶǿߣǿַͷ
񣿳ħԩ·խϴ췣ۣ֮ʧǽֵĻᣬһζǳͷ
ʱ󶴸һӣʮһʧˡ
ţʱʥԼ̫ʥصǿǣϹŶָ£󷨹
ʥضʧǺʧһЩϾ뿪ԶˮҪܵӰ죬պʥظץסƣϹնɱٺ
ԶԼһЩϹŶһսһоӦԼƻ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬һƿ֮ͻȻӺһγɺװľ
ͬʱһĴֱ֣½ڱǰٸ֣ԽյˣϷͻȻɱ

֣ץʥٸ֣Ȼһ˻
ͻȻһӰųգ·ٶȣһֿռͨǰǿתƣȻһ֡
¡
˫ڸ߿ײһγɵײ֮ȾͰѴиһı׳˲
ӱը֮˳ɫЩأȻֲ󣬵ɿЩ졣
ܽס֮࣬˵ͷ֮⣬˿ɵһֻںֱ£𽥴ӱը֮Уֶ

һɫȻ򶨣ʵǳ붴ҪκαҲô׵£
ʥصԴ췣֮һۣͷҺѸٴ㳤ͷۣһǸͨ챾ҪʵﵽΣ
ߣϣǸͣ
䣡
˵֮󣬶Ȼ䣬ͬʱԷһ

Ȼ䣬ڰ֮Уϵؽ֣γɵĻƣѾϯʮﷶΧκʶΪ˳ڲϵıɼﵽ۷жô£ҿռҲڲϳ˺״̬
Ȼ
ԶϹŶǣŴӿʼˣȻӶ˽ֹ̣ɫҲԵмء

һںߺضڲж٣ʮ㣬Ǳռ䣬鶼ǡ
ʥһͰѴ󲿷ֵʱڻ룬ҲֵĻʥرضҪԴǼǧˣԸ󶴸ܣ󶴸ĺ̫ˣԶԶ˫ʥ
ʱ˿̣ĿһеĳƣҲûгֵĴ㣬һȥ󶴸ɣϴ˻۶ͻϮڣ󶴸бۼ֪ٺߡ
ռͨȻԿ
߿֮Уӳһɫӡݺץ񣬵ʩչ֣֮ÿռͨĹΪӰ֪ﵽ۷꣬δﵽŽλ񣬵Ϊռơ
󶴸âж֮УǿĴڣΪ䣬ʵȻˡ
ž
Ȼ䣬ƴһӡڵĿռ䣬Ƕ񷢶
ƺҪƶĿռ䣬ǰһռ䣬ΪԷҪԸպʩչ֣֮ƬռͱúϣʱǱ
´սҲ٣
ͻȻֶվǰ
ĸУ
ɲܳƣһƣͬʱƣƸ£ƾͱһȥ
ɶ񣡡
ۿ˶ߣ׷ȥһǰãã½أʲô壬ûкˮΪĻҪ
ʿĿģԴ֣£صռ֮С
ʥء
֮󣬳ڿռգڿռ乬֮У뼸ҲͣҪ
ʵǿӵй˵츳ͨһͷǶˣԶԿģԻܴģս
ǣ
Ӱʧ
˫üҲǴǶԣһͲöԸˣâҪδɱ
âʮͬ򣬷ţЩֻǴͷ󣬽ڝbĴͻЩӪأɱ̾һǿʼս֡
ˮ
ϢʮˣѾɹӪأ
֮£ˣֻڝbʮ֣һǴﵽ۷ǿߣŶǰ
һͷ㱨ڝb󣬵һӡɱ¾֮ںϷӡ֮УߣʼʽγɰΧȦܷŹһ࣡
ˣ
ӡΪʮǰˮȥ
ʱ˿̣
½رԵͻȻӷһˮˣˮӿֱ֮½ǰȻˮ֮󣬾ȻƵǿԱԦˮǰţ֮ͳͳʼ⡣
ͬʱ˷¶ͷź
׵Ĵˣ
һƬ֮У붴ջ񣬺Ȼв㱨Ϣ
æһ룬ֻһ޴ˮ֮£ͻȻðݣȻһĺŸʱɳ
ƺƵ̫ˡ
ڝbɱ
ˮ߿գƯţΧˮϵ⣬ȻᷨӡʮӰķӡ֮С
֮Уʧ֮С
̣Ժ֮УʮɭâѾ̤öսϹ֮ԸâǿУ
ʱԺʱΪ֮һζâսʽ
ڝbɱˣ
ˮ֮Уͨ屣ھ䣬еı
֪Ϣ֮һء
Ĭ죬ʼͨЩУѴﵽһλ״̬ھʵѾﵽȼĸ߶ȡ
ʱӿٶȣͨһ飬Ҳ۲仯ֻעӤĳɳ
ͻӤʶҲɱ䣬ڵ˼άѴﵽ߰꺢ӵĸ߶ȣԽӡҲﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣһӤĶ
ΪӤı仯нڲിҶһ߶ЩԼδȥ
Ӥ仯ľӼˣо󺣣ɵǹȥʮ֮ࡣ
ಣ
𵱼ͨ廻λȻУͨ񵤡
ʦϣﵽ񾳽磬ʥҪʱͦ
ҶһֱڴӦϢûеõԷκϢ޾ҲûлӦ
ޣȥ


2163 

շľ޴۹ʥر£ʮһ۹ڽ۹ȴǲгˮһĻ
ǵΧǳأ޷ڽֵ֣ÿһǳؽ֮УۼƵǿߣ󲿷ֶǼʿ
ŲľԱζ
ʱѳΪһ̻ҲǴŽ
ڲʥԬȴкһɽɽǿߣֶ졢ն졢̫ۡ顢۴ɡ졢̫ƻͷ߾ϼؽ౦ۡ𡭡
ȻЩͷΪȻʥֳƣȴȻʥҪƶʿһ񾭽״̬
ǧµУ󲿷˶̤вٲȻ̤ϲֶۣΪͻ֮ˣѾﵽ߽λϲ
ھĵȴţܿһƿʹΧﶯ
λ
֮ҶȵӰǽзϽľͷ׷վϲӭҶȵ
գۼҶȱѳǰֻǵףһ˵£ʥԬҲһԡ
벻Ҳ̤磬âս
ҶȿڵҶ˫սΪ棿ں¾֮£
ɽ磬εĶû뵽һҲ𡭡ɽ޷ȣΪ֮һ̾
ʵâ⣿ҡҡͷս֪ʵ̫Сκ׳־ս֮㡣
룬ս̫ͻȻֻѡ񣬵һ뿪ʥشϢ֮ǰʿ뿪âڰ˷ˮûһˣɹӳδȽҵķ֮Уʱ˵ʵûа취ʱֻ뿪
ֻ߲ķݣЩвϲǿ֣ʲôЧ
Ҷҵû֮ǰҵѿǹ£ϾǵΪڲʲôҲˣΪϺȣԾʱ֮Уֻѡⳡս
̫ʱ֮ɫ˵˵֮ɽͷδκͿĿǰ
²˳٣֮ԴʱоУһɽߵʲôûҲȻһӣ඼޷ǿеʱ˺һػӹЩɽķߣػԪٴ翴ǵķâ
ɲǼ䣬ҶǰοһĲһͷâ£˶εâȴѡⳡ£Щͷ˵˭л̹
漴һâֳֶͨ۴ͷʮͷ֮̽С
нնҶȱȼսԿâǵ㲻ԸѿʵֻһһҶӵ֮󣬽֮С
ʱֻʣ»ʥԬҶþ뵶ūٻع飬ûʥԬʼԴ
λ˿ڣ
Ȼ棬˶
Ҷʾ˼֪˭žͼϤףǰֶ˻ӽߵ͡
һֿʩԭˣãǷү˼״֣Ͻȥʳǣ
ã
Ҷȱż֣ʳǷӶȥ
֮ǰҶʵʱҪ˻ӽݣҪĿľһѣȻʥرһɱʥػܵ˴
ʳǡ
ɭɭļʿʹ֮ǰոأǰӭӣ֪Ҷ֮ʹҶȽ빬
֮УʮǿΧŰ˻ӽŵͼоһ̻㱨ϲӭҶȡ
̫ӣҶȵ
Ҷһ£Ľѣ֣ܼʱϻ̫ˣһ׼âսâѿʼɱ֮УҴλãպûʮ뽮֮УʱӦòܺ
â֮£˵ˣһ·Ҳ׼âս֪ʥضԴ̬Σ
̬ȣʥѷֳʮҪƣҴֻ˵ǿչˣ
ǿչˣ
ڴ˹ؼʱ̣ףʥҪһЩǲпʵģʥͬñصȴδɳԴĿǰƣֹֻۣϣںɱ֮ǰܱʥһ赲ս֮£СǺεģ޷ԼˣֻҴϣʥҲ޷ԸâҽĸҲһ
ʵˣ߸ϵĻʵۣڵϣκһݸ֮߰ƺҲԵľơ
Ĭˡ
ҶҲĬһȻͻȻڣʦܣ
ʦܣ
ͻȻһƺԼˣҶȺͿҶʱȴҶɫ쳣档
Щʦܺʵʵݡʱ˿̣Ҷһһ䵱Ž˵
ʵݣ
󣬽Ӹо𺳣Ժ￪ʼҶһĻĻҶȣҲԶȹգһֱҲ֪ҶصĺܣƵ񵤣ʥء
˳ɾͣѵһûܵˣһͨ˵ĻΪϵ
ʱ˿̣޵ɻ
ʦܣʵҲʥصӣһϤʥءʥأҶ֪𾪣Ҳƽˮ
ʥأ
ȷԽ˵һҲİʥʥض
ʥʥأʥʥءʥԼҲһֱڱȽ֮У˫ʥصУ˫ʥؾԼеĵˡ
ʵʥ֮Ҳֻһϵ
ʥҪΪʮʥء̫ʥءʥءʥ˭ҲΪһֲͬǵ¸ʥжԵĹϵ˵ףЩ䣬ҲΪʥǵжԹϵ
â־£ʥȴ쳣Žᣬ˵ַ˱仯δҶйͬǾǱûˣĻʥصĴڿܡ
ŶһĿҶ΢΢һЦʥ֮УոսϹŶҶȣ
㡭㣡ôܣҶȣ
ԭЩ򾲵ĽͻȻһԾһìܡ
Ҷȣ
˭֪췣ۣ֮Ȼâǿ߽֣ͻȻΪʥصϹŶ
ңɽķߡ
Ϊʥ̫ϵӣôܣ֪ҶȵĴڣԣʥءҶȡһ޷Ӵľǰʶһֱ͵ƽѵġ족
þ֮У޷ع𺳻𺳡
ҶȣôҲ벻족ݣͬʱҲпԼȻ봫˵еţԭϵΡ


2164 ħ
ʦܣ
һֱž״̬Ҷȴվ
ʱٿҶȵĿѾһˣ׵Ҷʦ֣
ʦܵȷԵ֣ԵֲδʥأԴҪ£һ
ಣ
Ҷȵ˵֮󣬱㻯һӰʧȥ
ҶȡſڣﻹҶȵӰӣʱһ޷ŵɫ
ʥأ
ಣ
˴żϹŶʱڽ֮⣬һǰҶҲôӿռƿն
Ҷʦܣ㼰ʱˣ˴ӭӣԵüĺܣϹŶҲҶӭ
ҶȴʱһΧʥؽѾԱ仯һԵĶռ䣬ҶҲܸܵһЩڣʥضæµ֮С
ʦܻ֪ʥк񽻴ģ
˻صʥ֮УҶڶϹŶҪΪʥس
Ҫ㣬ʥظ𼸴գһΪ蹵ݺᡢ׵ĵع֪ΪضγɣȻ֮һǷʥͦ
ҲóһͼһͬΪҶȽܣ蹵úĺˮԽ칵ҪˮܸǣҪĴ蹵סǣҲΪʥءΪʮȡʱ䣬ʦܣʱͰ´ãԺʥΧƣʥصս֮˲Ϣ䣬˵ʲôʱҪæ
ǵӦģ
ҶȾպ꣬Ҳ߶蹵ļϹŶ
֮
ԶʥһƬƻļŵĴ֮УȻڡ޴ڴòҶС
蹵
Ҷʦܣ
칵գͻȻǿӰϹŶպһˣҶйӴͨˣϹŶǺϻʥصĴڣҶҲֻйཻ
Ҷʩλʦ֣Ǿͺúú蹵ֵǰ
ҶʦˣҲеˣ
ͨ˼˵뷨صΪ飬ȫҶӵлƽʣ벻ҶڶΪϹŶҶȼ棬жٻЩ١
ϹŶ£ҶȺܿ蹵Ϸʱȥſ蹵һǧʥصӣʥڣֻĴϹŶ
ʥǴڱս֮УҪ֣óʥǼȱ֡
ͨ˽ܵм깦ʦ㿴ǲŸոһ칵Ҫ칵ý縲治һ£
֪̽һʲôʱ
Ҳʮ£ںһͦһ߻;ҲɳȥԵֵΪⷽâһ

Ϊħâĺħʵǿؼ̫Ӧʮкħߣʮ۷ߣʵһأ½أɱˣ
ħҲŹΪˮ򣬲۶󶴸ǰ֪λֵܣˣ˸ʦܾҪ͵Ϯħǰٶȣȡʱ䣡
֮ãȱٵľʱ䣬Ǻħڣʦһǰȥܷģ
û£ֻ͵Ϯǰˣ
ҶϹŶĹģˬЦݻش
ͨĴͷȻ֪ҶȵʵȻҶģҲٶ˵ʲô
ܿ죬ҶȾʧ蹵ͬʱҲ蹵жݺʮɹȻסħΪʥȡʱ䡣
һҶԶ蹵̧ͷǰֻ߿Ѿ
ಣ
һʱһɽۣ֮ǰأȻһɸߵˮˣڲƽţˮ˺ÿһǺˮ˾ĴأʼΪ֮ء
һĻҶҲΪ֮һɽսȻ粻ܱȣâ˻ǰͷ˿ϣ
ˮ֮ǰһǳأģ󣬴Լʿȫ߷磬·Ҫ赲ħĿˮˡ
ͻͻͻ
ˮϯأ֮һ⣬ˮ֮ϰͷĴڣˮǿơ
־ɳǣཨĳǳأ
ǳؽ֮Уʮ߽λʥͽλ쵼£һͬͷԼе
յˮ֮£·һȽȽա
ֻһ̣˶ˣȫԸľӰµɱѾףʵ̫Сˡ
ͻͻͻ
ˮ˾нɲǣ㿪ʼһ飬ȻѿڲһʿòˣֱӱǵУȫǶħצſĺ

ۿǳأԼʿҪˮ֮£֮ʡ
ͻȻһ֣Ӱ֮кɨһϰƵˮ֮ϡ
ˮ˺ݺһȻưˮֱӸƷˣγɲ˼һĻˮ˾Ȼڸ߿յأתһźһȥĺǿߣʱ֪٣ضΪ֮һ
ˣ
һʥص۵ӰĳڳǳϿա
ʥشܣ
ʿڴ֣֮һ׷׿ԿӰʱߺ
Ҷȵշޱɭϵʥس룬ǳѵҪ
ǡ
ǿĲ̣Ҷһͬඥ׷׹˷ʥط
ཨĳǳأǵļңȴں֮¡
꣡
𷭹ȥˮˣͻȻ֮ƣʱûǰƶֻһǧһٶ£ײеҶɱ
Щʿе̲סͷһ޷ǵһĻ
ʥصĴܣȻһӭһǧͷǿߣǰݣ·ס
һǿ߰ˣɱɱ
ҶȣƺҲ֪Ҷʵǿ󣬲öԸռƣͲŶԸһࡣ
ҶȺȻץһֻֻ֮ؽͬʱѾɱһͷͽλſѪڡ
ۣ
ֻؽҶȶһʮɾ룬ֻһɳֻؽȴһ֮ͷ޴Ȼˡ
ޣ
˷ḻʳҶȻҪܣ͵ȲˣһͲˡ

Ҷʵ˿ֲںͻȻҶȰΧͷǴˮϵͨĺǺǺֱռ䶼úʼ
ΧҶȴݲȵͷһֻؽһըһǧͷֹ׷ҶΧըҶվڱը룬Щƶá
ûʩչ֮߶޽һ޽ΧֺײһһƿǵĹնɱʮͷǿʬո׹䣬ͱһһ̵
ݣ
ΧռͻȻΧͻȻ̳ޱȵı̡
̾罣Ƚٶȸ죬˷Ҷȹ
𣡡
⺮ȻҪ֮ԸǱĿҶƳһƬޣ̡


2165 ħ

ȻȷǰҲ磬ϡٵĴڣҶߣ߶Ȼ֪
Ҷȱб̴֮ϣ׷ڻҶָһֻΪĻƣΧֺˮϵͨѹȥ

ڹ֮еĺڲʱʱһײȻһͷصʧǱ޳Եˡ
޲ϳɳҲԽԽˣǰһͷҪһ£ȼĺκһһײƣҲûñȵġ
ҪҲһ壬ǾͲΣˣ綼ʱ̻Σ֮С

󷽣ңԶıռ䡣
һơͷںڹǴ̵ĿɷڹϷﵽ۷ĺߣƷζӶơʳһūΪǷ
ʱһͷɫæĺ󲽱۶
ΪζͻȻͣǴ̺һ͸ĺ⣬Ǻŵ޷˵
һŻش𣺡󡢴һʥصǿ赲ڽΧɱ֮У
ʥأ
ǹǴ̺ڣ·һﵽ۷߾ЦΪмǰʱ䲻ҲЩʥصĵֵ𣿽ɱƨˣ
ʵܾˣڽΧ֮£һֱδԳ̬ɱҷʮ֣
Ǹǿߣ
ʱΧ΢΢¶ɱ
Ⱥһȥ
л
ǿ߶Ǵֿ̺ʼԴȣ˿ɫ
ǳϷ
кʬ壬Χɱ֮׹䣬ܿͱһھ̵ˡ
ɱɱ
ǧΧҶȳ죬ȻδҶȣЩ̫ɱҶȣȻħٴδ߶ͨѹһ˿ҶȻᡣ
ɾ֮£Ҷһֱš
ʵһʼδ֣һ֣Ҫ뺮ħǿ߽֣һս蹵һҲҪܵ
һһᣬ;ͨ蹵Ľ֮УһЩǳأҶҲϣЩǳʿʱ䣬ҲҪѹѹ档
ǿ𣿡
ҶȺȻ򣬸ӦǵķΧ֮ڣͻȻʮǿĺϢǴﵽ۷Ĵڣħ˾ӢʮͷȻҶȡͨһʵ
꣡
ͷһƬ𣬷·γɴ״͵ҶΧתȻȻкʱյûΪҶһɶ߿֮ϡ
һУкֻţȴ޷赲׷ȥҶһ̤ӿռȻϯյǧˣһˡ
ಣ
ĺȻʷʮŤıӰ

ӱռ䱬֮
ĪǺħҶȸֶǰȥӭ֮£һͷϳйǴ̵Ŀʮǿƿϯ
ʱǴ̺Ҷ׵ĸ߿գмɨ˼ۣƺһͽλ񣬾Ͱסˣ
˻һŵ֮ǰΧҶȵĸľս
ʥز㺮ħóѵģҶȴ
ħмһˣ˿żԸҶȣʥأߣξΪԸʥضɱʥ֮ţ
ڴʱҶͻȻʳһֵ֪۶첻죿
۶
ħһ㶣죬Ȼ죡
ЦϤͺãܲһ£۶ͷժѪܻ棿
ʲô
˻ͬڳĺħʱ˫üͷҲ¶ɱ֮⡣
Ҷһɨɫ仯ΪЦЦó֣Ѿסħ¾ҪʥطսƱͷҲɵ
ЦԺ˵ÿֶͬһܣʱȡº۶ͷʱҲĲҽСģһӺ׾ͷŤں۶ͷʿι֮ãǷģҲʱ۶ģ
ɱ˺۶ħЦˡ
ΣΣʥؾǰǣҶȵݻش
ǱҪ㣡
Ȼ䣬ħˣ
ҶҲϵһĻԷ֮ƣöҡʥطսľġ

˸һƣڸ߿һ
ŵŵţ˫˺ȻƣһԲУȻѿռпһ϶ȻҲ·ǳأиΪ˷档
ɱ
գۼ䣬Щͷ׷һͬɱ
ǰǵ
Ǹոɱ뺮ħҶնɱҶȴ߶ռͨһЦݣƾʧ
ʮǿ˸գ׷ײģֲ׷ɱȥħΧֶλɱ˺۴ˣ
ʵǿֲʥص䣬ʥزöԸƶƻαۼô֣һòʥأɻλֵܣʮǿߣòʥأ
Ӣ
Ժëѡ
ºˣħҪƶƻպΪʥȡʱ䡭
Ҷʵδ̫Զڿռ䣬ߣһ֮󣬲Ŵݵ蹵ȥ
;;ٳǳأҶȼǳأܿʣһճǡ
蹵
ҶȻ֮󣬾ͨĴϹŶڰս֮ۡ
ռԵúأ˶ȴҶȿڣҶȵղȥ˻Ắħʵǿһʵﵽ۷ĺǿߣ
ħǿ󣬵ʦܴݻǸʤһһϹŶ󣬵ҶͶء
λʦҲʦ㣬⵹޹ؽҪҪֻˣԷʮﵽǿߣʥͺĲ࣬蹵磬赲ħǰٶȣ
ʦܷĲǾĪҪ뺮ħӲӲ蹵գ赲ǰƱɣǾҪץʱ䣬磬˴ģ磬治ףôʦܼ
ͬЭǲܣⲻҲΪʥͬţԼʿ
ϹŶڽ֮УǱأһɫ仺Ȼͬʱ뿪硣
蹵Ϸһ֮ټһǧ֣ÿ˴ٶǿߣ蹵Χ
ǻǵһΣ˽Ҷϵƣ
ޣϹŶǰâɣҶϲʥؼǧ갡
治֪Ϊͨδﵽģ֮ǲţҶϵõһܳɳ˴ڣ֮УҲһЩõıΪ˭ҲδﵽҶָ߶ȣ
ҶǵԪָķߣЩߣ඼Ǵӷ羭У̤ɽ磬ɽ羭ĥ֮󣬲磬ܷǶһͼ磬޷һĿֲڣ
֮УٶǿߣҶȺ󷽣ǸҶƮıӰ׷ڰвͣš
ź۶Ҷɱģ
ֵһ
˻һеӶҶȵСǺ뾴⡣


2166 ս
һٵӣҶ蹵Ϸ鿴е֮ҶᷨӡܿһͻԶɡ
ӷ׷׽ӡں˵ҶΪģ翪ʼ˷졣
ٶȲ̫ˣ𽥸һ칵
ʥҴǰһƬķƴ󣬱ܿĻҪڶʮң뵽ʥظ
ȥ
֮УԺƵˮˣ羪κˣϯأ֮Ȼޱء
ħǿߣоս꣬ɼͷʥء
»㱨֮󣬺ħʱֹܵжѴﵽλã״ˣҲ̤֮ȫΪ֮أ԰Ѹ֮ˮ֮УʱǰӲͷҲҪɲߣ
ҪݻʥڴǰĽ磬áˮħ֮ڡЧãֵȥӲƴʧҲܴʣΨһİ취Щֱӳ֣һս˵ҲֱҺħ
ҪѾڶԸʥ֮ϣԶԸ֮Щʥ֧ʥһ𣬹֮ǴԼͷܽѹ
ˮħ֮Ĳ࡭
ἰʱΪǲ䣬̫ģɣϵˮħ֮ڣ
һߣħԼĽ飬Щͷɲͨǰ㲻м࣬κμƻϸ
ܿ죬֮УӿһЩ޴ĺߡ
Щ߳ףζڱ֮Уռݱ֮Լȥϰ֮ࡣ
ʱƵˮˣѾ蹵ǰأ蹵ȥһƬļţһɫĻĽ磬Ƭ
ʲô͵ĺ˾޴󣿡
룬ҶͨϹŶźһһǧӣһڵ֮ⷨУֽӡƣͬһ
һϹŶ̾û̫ˣ˵߰ĹרµĽ
˵Ļȷбסħʮʱ䣬ֻҪټһʱ䣬ʥΧķҪҲܽɹ
һλϹŶͷ
˿ʼӺһһħƣᷢҹҲֻഫԿ
ûҶҲơ簵нΪﵽĪĵزҲ׵ĺܡ
ϴ˵Ǻ߰Ĺˮħ֮ڣΪˮħǺ֮УʶܵͼȴϹŵˮ֣߶£ˮħµжÿˮħǿ̶ȣԼÿˮħ̶ȣڰ˽λŽλ۷壬Ļ治öԸҲˮħƿ̫⣬ʥ˲ٵӣ
ѻص̫ʥأҪȥӪһ۹˵ֿʼʥؾӢҪȥ赲ڝb
ǰͣҵ
Ҷ֮ʣִâʲôѰƼˣ̸һӣ
ҶһЦԸâҲ̫С˰ɣ㿴̫ʼɽʱֻ֮ϴ½磬Ҳδʹֻ֮ţҲϵ̣浽ֵز㵹ǿߴԶŴܣһâһػ
ϴ㻹Ͱ뵽һȥˣ浽زҸ֮͵͵âһһƬâҲţ
㻹Ƕŵ㣬ʵѾֻ֣Ҫڝbֺ˭ô
ٺ٣ôµĻţпڶ
Ҷҡҡͷ죬֪һսźʥγսĿģҲǾغǰҪҪڶԸڝbһ
ﶯˣ
ͻȻһϹŶ׷ױɫ
Ҷȥˮ֮Уһſˮħľ޴ͷ­ͫ͸ɭɭĺ⣬·ûƵġ
໡
ˮħͻȻſ죬ѪĴͻȻһɺɷ֮⡣
ʱ䣬һٶźɷ֮֮蹵һ¡
֮Уʥǧӣ˭һ𺳣Ǻɷ֮ⲻ޴󣬶ֶ࣬˴׹
Ϣ̫ˣֹЩɷ
ͨ˶ʱؿΧϹŶҶһµͷҶҲżˣһͬᷨӡ
ಣ
棬ͻأһââֻϢĺ嫡
֮Уâɷ֮һһײһ
䣡
ʮâкɷ֮⣬ɷ£ӽ棬һâ
ʱڸ߿ձըضʼ𣬸߿֮ϣѾγըĢơ
Щɶ񡭡
úɷ֮ȫըˮħһſźɷ֮⣬ˮ֮УԴһƽ磬Ǿܿˮˣɱࡣ

һֹϹŶͷŹ˷Ȼһͬӡȫںһ塣
䣡
ɷ֮⣬δκεֵ֮׼ȷػн磬һʱ䱬ըƻ磬֮еǿǣһҲŽ¶
ͬʱ
׷ŽҲʮԵλãͻȻ׸ߵˮˣˮ˲ߣݺ᳤ϰٹˮ֮һƬ
Լճǣˮ˾֮˲ͱΪƽأȻؿʼ⣬ˮ֮ϰźˮϱߵĺﵽ֮ĵز
ɶ񰡣ҪֵڝbĴƣ治ף
Զգʮ˫۾ǰ޴ˮˡ
ˣǿʥص䣬ЦԽ
ڝbڰ£ǿ˼ƣǳԶ
Ըڝbκε޷ҲֻʱƹͨԸڝb
ڝbǰʼı䣬Ҫ׷ڝbɢͬʱǶһս
Ǿ׷ڝb潻ս
һ䵱оӦзԺˮˣѾҷ׷ϯȥڸֵһ
׷֮ϡ
һӰԶأƺѶڝb򿴵ɫּŭ׷Ǳò׽ɣȻ½˵趼ǣҲܱ𡣡
ϵܣȻڝb׷ʼֱӰķ׷
ʱֳ
ǲ׺ɣ뵱˴ԣ˭һͳⷽĵأʱǾ벻н죬ֶԸеһ죡
ڝb̫ˣҲ
ڝbδ˺Щﵽĺ˵ʵʵԸЩڝbҲ޷ռˣ
ϵܣ˭δϵԪзߣƿ̤磬˵ʲô˵ı仯ƬĵصҪԣҲԤϣǻǾɣˣΪƾˮ֮Уһ½أԪʼ񣡡
ʮأ
ڲ鿴ûʲô
ҵô׼ˣ
˲Ϣʧ


2167 սϾ
蹵
ˮ˲ײ蹵֮ϵĽ磬һͷˮħϹû֮ǰǰ̡
ˮһֱڶԽչǿڲٿˮˣҲҶ֮ǰʩչĻѺסˣһǧʥصĽ磬ʱַܿ
ʦܹȻʵɲ⣬ҵһľˣʦ
ϹŶᷨӡٶȱ״̬ʱҶ֮⣬ͨϹŶ˭۵ϾٿشҪЩϹŶʵ֧Ŵ
ΨҶûκα仯״̬ĴϹŶҲҶʵ˿ֲ
λ蹵ʱסҶʦܾϻʥһˣ
ͨԿ֮ʣͻȻһͬ˵
ϹŶҶȣɫпóЩ᣺ҶʦܣʥؿҪȥͽǰɣֻҪټһʱ䣬Ҳ᳷룡
Ҷȱȭ֮ʧȥĴϹŶٶȣ෴ûκ𺳣һοЦݡ
ʱ̣ʥָǿߣôʥصҪȻԶ
ʥء
ҶֱӴ󷨣˲Ϣʥ֮⣬һЩʥӼͻȻֵҶȣһ޷ҶѾʥ֮ڡ
ФĪȳϣڶռһŵ쳣żպһƿӰϯӭֳҶȡ
˲߲㶼һżģҶֱʵм£
Ҫ£һ׷ڝbսʥʮϹŶ룬죬мӣڶ£һͻ¼ʥ࣬ͻȻðЩһھĵˮɱʥ֮࣬ǾɳϹŶǧӸȥ
̬أҶ£ȻżȽʦǹɺԳְңǰһ̣ɺ£һȥǧӣһҲδܻŻ
ȫû
ϹŶǧӣʥϹŶҲ£ÿһǿһĴڣҲʥزɻȱ
ھȥһˣԼ߲㣬ɫȻҶҲĬһȻ󵱼վ
˵ͷɺöԸ౾üλϹŶȥûףϹŶӪ֮УҲֻʦҵȷģ
Ȼɱ˱ϹŶԼǧӡʲôҲҪѪծѪ޻أʥطģ
ƽʣ뿪֮ǰרŶ㣬仹ഫ仰ʥؼӭ֣֮ϣֳֻƽʣʥÿһأÿһӡʥȱԪѪ
̬𣿡
ƽʣ
ټƽʣҶϤĺܣӛнӹ֮Щ뷨˽ӽԪʼ߷һʩչȻǾ춯أȴ
䣬׷ۣ֮֮ǰϢڝbδһ˷֣ʣһ룬ڝbԴ죬о˵ĺʮﵽĺ
ʮ񣡡
ǰҲ񣬶âʷ̫̫࣬ϺҲ޷ģǶɹԪ⣬һâܵʮҲ֮е£ΪЩ꣬һֱرâ潻ԭ򣡡
˵꣬ϲһ֮ͬС
һʷ֮ϣҲֻдһ˳ɹ̤񣬱ӵСľͨʣκ񲻹λ£ԵĻʵӵҲл
âһʮʵҪٱҲòǵ棬ʥʵǿ֮ˣȻǾ췣֮ۡ۶¼˭֪ҶҲʥǿġ
ʥǿٴνҶУ˵ʥصصҲҶС
ʦܣ´ãϻʥأ֮ڝb潻棬ʥҪȥأ̾
Ҷ֮ʥء
߶ǧͼֱ෽λȥҶʵٴ߶ǧͼԼˮ򣬻ȼ
ٿ
գۼ䣬ҶѳһΪ棬ǰ׹ǵĳǳϿգܵЩ׹ǣҲʥصӵϢ
Ҳ಻Զ߿գһǿʢɺǰ¾ࡣ
һҶȱ߿գȥǳأΧųǳأʩչ֮ȻѰѴ󲿷ֳǳضӡ໯ΪĿǰһʿҲֻм˶ѡ
ЩˣҲڼʱ䣬
𣡡
²˳٣Ҷȵһ֣ɲǼ䣬ֻǳϿգȻһתУʼһ¡
ֳرٶѵõӰ죬㵵Ŀ߿գ¶ɫ
ಣ
ͻȻ䣬ﵽ۷ĺʮͽλ·ֱҶȴɱ
ʥصӣͷǿԵú⡣
ɱʥͬţ¾ͬҪһѪծѪ
Ҷ˫üһֱӳʮӭȥ
һˣɱģ

ʮҶȷȻҷɳͽλӿٶȣ׺ݵҶץ֡
ͣ
Ҷȴֻ΢΢֮˲䣬ֱͨѪ߿ա
Ǹ֣
Լͬ˲ͱɱˣ֪ԷγֵģʶҶǸ٣Ҷȳɱ
žž
գͷ䷢ĹҶһƷס˫˭ûռƣͷΪ𺳣ΪҶֻһˣȴǱֲµĵزһ˵ĻҶǿ֮ϣ
ޱ֣
ҶҲʵˣȻ䣬˫ӿ˵ֻعâ
䣡
޴ֻӡԻ֮ƣͻأץ
̫Сˣ
ͷһˣתһâ
¡
âޱһץץȫ飬Ժɨ֮ƣץ˺ϣֻֻشͻȻ
䣡
ȻһͷԱ
ಣ
һͷ±ˣ뵽ҶȾȻʵ̫̬ˣô˱̬Ĵڣǵͷ߿ա
ˡ
շɳǧף֪ǰĿռ䣬ͻȻһֻץ˺ѣպڿռ֮У޷ӦֵĹҲ˺顣

Ӱ
ʣʮͷ󽫣Ҷɱһ˲ɱַŭǱʶǰȾӡ
ӵ
С
ҶǶɱ⣬ȻֱʩչԼĴͨȥʮڿռһ
ಡ
һĻ֣ű߿ȥĺȴͻȻʧȻ󲻿ųҶǰҶ
ҶǻһʮͷǿִǰʧһȻһʧƬռ䡣
ؼ£ʮͷͬͷӬڸ߿շȥ·Լʿף׷˺¡


2168 
ɱ
οɲʩչСֱָӶǰռһġ
䡭
Ƭռ䵱һԼаɵĿռ䣬׷׳ѣ¶Ϊµշ϶Щ϶룬ҲԶʧ֮С
ಣ
֮һ߾ߺʬӿռֳ֮ʮǿߺʬ壬һӳ֣ô˵һĻ
ޣЩˣ
ͷ޵õҶȵʿɣ˷ܵطǳأִԼͨͨնɱѾʼ롣
ܷնɱһҲŹҲҪ·ʿ
նɱ䣬ԸССϺҶԳɲǼ䣬ֳܷؼٷɳ۶ȥ
Ҷȴﵽ񾳽磬ܷʵҲﵽ˽λŽλ߶ȣҶƿϹŶࡣ
Ҷȿʮߺʬ壬Լʬ壬ÿգԱﵽһλ״̬
֮䣬кۼҶȰһööռ֪жٱȻֱͷ

䣬˵򣬰ʮߺʬϵʳһ߾Ӵĺʬ壬ʼС
ҶʵֻûͨԼȵĴͨˣʵȴһġ
Ҳﵽ߶ȣٶȣȻҲ֮У֮ǰʥʱôʬ壬ҲҪ깦뵱۶ʱҶʵҲܾˣҪɱ۶ҲǷ˺ܴľ
˲ɱʵﵽ۷ĺ䣬Դʵ۶֣Ȼһ˲ɱҪɱ۶ҲǺܼ򵥵¡
һ֮кΪ˰׹ǣͨں֮Ҷʵ߲٣ȻһǳϿգߣܷɱʿϣȫ׷ɱҶ߶
һʱ䣬ضγһ޴Ļ磬ǳΧȫһκκ޷ߣܷʿΧ׷½أƯڰ֮еҶȣܵʿ𾴡
֮ûһǳر֮Ҳʧˣʬ弸ǳأʬɽһĻһ࣬ѾûаϲãҶʥسˡ
ʥأ
ʦܣʥΧѾۼѶʿ
ҶȻصʥ֮󣬛˵ȸ߲㣬֪һԲ񣬽Ҷ˵кնɱǸֳƾŰʱ䣬ҶȾնɱ˶κʥ˵׶Ըĺ
ʱҶʥĿǰơ
ʥΪһȻʿǰѰұӻڵۼʥΧ
ڲӣһʥȻҪЩʿİΣʥ˵һ⣬޷⡣
ӛҶʲô취
Ҷһᣬҡҡͷâϯ˵ˣɡʥءпܻʥأѾǱҲûκѡʥھһ󴬣ҶҪͬ۹ãҲֻоȥǡ
Щ磬Ҳǿʥؽںһ𣡡
취ãʥصѹˣ
ܲǲˣʥؽں֮ҲñǣҵʱҲԽػзʦܣ¾ͽ߲㸺𣬸ոͨʦܴϢħɳǿϹ磬ѷ蹵
ʥΧչΣ
󲿷ֶѽãÿһǧأЩҲֻסħǰʥػҪսħǴ˴ﵽ۷ĺ𣿡
ȷˣԺħʥٵͷŴУʱ䲻ƣҲԸʥأҵʱʥҲ޷ʥԮʱÿһʥضҪǿĺˣʦЩƵ񵤣
˵ҶȰһö䣬ˡ
ЦЦҲδô֮ڣж񵤣֮鿴ʱʱ𺳵վ˼̾⡢⡢ô񵤣ڣʥԼͽλΪĸ߼񵤣
ʦҲûʲô£պÿһЩܼ£ҶȺǫ˵
һ̣һʦܺټʥеӣͬʥؼҪĵҩ벻ʦܾȻһóô߼񵤣ҪꣿٲϣƳ
ЩʥزõģЩ񵤣ܻһħɱ񵤵ÿ춼ܴﵽ֮࣬ԻҪƸ񵤣һдҪǱʿǵʱҲҪԿֻ٣
ɣʥΧҪ඼ѽãȻ˷Сɺ֣ʥػӦʦܾʥ֮ţʦܵˣᵤӣƴ񵤣ǰ׼
ţ
Ҷȵͷ֮󣬺ܿ뿪˶ռ䡣
벻벻һ̤ʥؼǧĵӣȻڳΪԾʥ˵ĴڡʥشҰڵʦܵˣһζԻƽʵĹޣδҶʦңʥأǾ޴ʧ
Ŵ䣬񵤣ֵѾ޷ݣʥصӰ죬Ҳ޷ݵġ
ʥأ֮һ
ʥʥأӢ
߲㣬ʱۼǧӣǡҲУվǰǰĵݸߣ̫ϵӣǰӣһʥĴڡ
ڿռߴʮﵽĴڣҶ룬ơȡĽ۳Ĵţֱӣ·
ˣʥһֵĵӣӺĵӵԼϹŶ
ĳЩУʱ޷Ƶľ
ȾЩƿصĸ߲㣬ǰǸ߲㣬̫ϵӡǰѰӣ߸ϷҶȣȻϹŶҶȣͷҲζи̫ࡣ
ǵҶȹϵϺõĵӣмǸиţҲǼҶȳΪϹŶȻ󿪷֮š
֣ǧŵӶ˿Ҷȣ˴֮ҶȿڣƽȻλħվҪɱʥؽ֮УʱǴʬɽ˵ͬţΪʦҪڽӣÿһ춼ҪרעƳһŵҩ˵һλͬţһţܶһͬţ
˻һӶֻһ㶣ȴδ̫֮ɫ
ʾҶȼŵǾҶǿЦҶΪϹŶ˵Ц֮ǰҶ϶ˮʥء̫ʥصնɱ۶ǰãҶ뺮ħ棬նɱлﵽ۷ĺ䣬ҶǶĿǰʥƣˣ
ɲǼ䣬ǧӱ鶼ˣһҶȣκΰѹ˸оϹŶеϣԶҶȵĻҲǺںڣ֪ҶĴ£ҲҲǰλϹŶ
Ҷ˵ﶼҪȥֱս·תʥ
Ƶһ裬Ȼŵһռ䣬Ծռܿصȼ


2169 ͵Ϯħ
ʥأԼʥȫս֮ʣʱ׷âʮͷ
һһƬࡢ׳ĸԭ֮ϣۼŴǧǿߡ
һ޴罨ڸԭ֮ϣǿߡ
ǰһߴɵ̨Щ̨ƵڣһȥԼ֮ࡣ
ڽ󷽣޼̵Ľ磬Ļǲս֮͸׷أһж˫ս£Ϊƽء

ĻľͷһˮͻȻӿֶ
ˣ
ǧǿ߷׷״ͬʱĻˮˡ
ಣ
ЦԽʥ䣬ֳʥ䣬Լʮʥ䣬ȻгǧԸŵ䣬ǿҲɼ
Ҫʼˣ
ͬʱأâսʼ
һᣬɹЦһ׼
ˡ
̨ͬʱʼ߶ÿһ̨µ϶ͷŲͬ⣬ʶǲĴڣÿһ̨ϰ˸
ǽӡ̨֮ӱˣȻǶڽ֮еڣؿʼζһɴڿڻ
ܿǺĵڿ֮УȻ˸һ⣬ڲǻ⣬׹⣬ֻǸâ
أӴ˻ٰɣվӪǰʱʱ̶̿ڹעǰٶȡ
䣡
ڣͬʱڣ߿վȻһ׵硢𡢽âɷԪȵÿһȶﵽÿһȻҲﵽ߽λ̶ȣﵽ۷塣
뷢˵߿գǴҲڲ

¡¡
֮ĺıը֮Ȼ󱬷۵Ļ档
ʱˮ˱ɢԼ֮Ĵأڻ𹥻£ѾʼƬƬ飬һƬռҲڳֲ̬֮
ڣ
̨һ´﷨
ڶڻܿ췢ɣһͷʰ쵵âǧǿߵͷ
Ƿֵⷽܣ
ǧ֮⣬ռ֮УڝbʮǿۻᣬͻȻһӰֶһͷȻ㱨
ڝbҾǰ½磬ǲǣԽ׷Ȼһˮħ֮ڣ
ս
䣡
ͷڵĴأʱȫѵķ״̬죬Ѵﵽ֮⣬֮ڵнͨͨڻ֮¡
ˮһӿһͷͷɭɭˮħӱ֮ӿſ죬һ̳һɷ֮⡣
ˮħȻﵽ֮࣬࣬ɷ֮⻮ʱֳѹһĻ

ԺķһγɷֻͻȻʹĻиǧǿǰγһˮٲĻ硣
䣡
һɷ֮⣬Ļ֮ϡ
ʱҵıըﵽ۷ĻͲһܱը·Ҫը
Ļûбը飬Ǳըȴǰȫ飬඼Ϊ˳·һ³ǧףΧҲ졣
ƣ
ˮħ֮ڵˣ̫࣬ǰҴضڳ٣״һͬӡѾ޴Ľ羹Ȼƾտʼƶ֮ܿң
ңԶľ룬֮ϣˮħĺɷ֮źɱڻн磬ıը˫룬ȫΪƽء
ܿ죬һҲ˹һӪ䣬˫ڵĴأһʱ䶼۷ǰڻ֮¡
εıǴأɭ֡ɽ˫ڻ𣬴Ƭĳ٣еףضΪ촷ۡ
ĻҪΪ촷ۣȻˮ򳹵ʧｫ˲䱻ˮ룬ȻΪһƬãã޾ˮ
ǺգҪﵽĿġ
ʥʥ֮С
Ҷ񵱼ڶռ䣬ʮ߲㣬Ѿڵȴ˵
ոմϢ˴âս̶ʱ䣬ܶض׻Ϊ촷ۣԶʧ˫һʧĿǰ˫ҪԶ̹ΪȰѶԷ飬شԷ
˵ڵ׷ս£ࣺĿǰжϣڝbļƻΪʵΪս뼸ʮһͬһȻӦϣϣлǸһƸʥصģҲγл֮ơ
âսƻʵãʥһᣡϹŶߵĺȵ
ֵ֮ʥսһϾһҪʥһݻ٣ͻͦâйϴǶԺħܴ⣬ȫԸԸħ
ܰѺħܡǱػΨһʱȷȫĴڣ
ܣܣܱ˾Ͳˣ
һҪΪ赲ħǰһ˫֮󣬺ħʵǳԽǵģʱһս˵ʥҲںħ֮£
һϹŶʥƣɫΪ̡֮
Ҷ֪âѾûκѡ޷ˣҲ޷ǰȥããˮɱΪ
ǰ뺮ħɱʥкʱ
Ҷʦܣ˲ǻ˺۶𣿡ʱ˺ȻĿ⣬Ҷϡ
˻һ˷׷׶Ҷȡ
ҶҡҡͷʱƲһ͵Ϯ۶ʱĺ۶δۼˮߣ۷ǿҲ࣬ǿľǺ۶ˣǲлɱħһбۼˮ˷ߡͷǺ۶Ҳ׼Ļ˸ɱ۶
һϹŶͻȻˣȻˡֻвȡսħǰ̬ǲϵƶкˮΪ޾ǰħ͵Ϯ͵Ϯǣ
ף취ҲҪ͵ϮҲףʱʱ̿ҪԺľͷ͵ϮȷԴҪǿ
һЧ
Ǻãһϸ򣡡
ϹŶΧһ𣬰
֮
ʧһЩϹŶʥƸӲ
Ҷ泽ɽ֮УѾ֪ϹŶһЩǿߣ͵Ϯħ֪ħʵЩϹŶҲȥ޻ء
ȻʥؽػҪסʥصҪ
˲Ϣ뿪ʥأû˷Ϣ
һƬ֮ϡ
ɱ
һͻȻһΧըˮҲ˶ʼʧʮʥظ֣ڼϹŶ£û͹
־Ȼնɱ˼˼æʼ롣
һ͵Ϯ֮ûץʥظ֣ף޷ȥ׷֮󣬺ֿʼǰС
֮ʥظٴηһθշʹϹŶ֮кͷ
ʱʮֿʼߣǺɱʮͷ׷ȥ
ۿΣ֮ʣͻȻһԪӰս٣ݺݻ
Ҷʦܣߣûʥǿ߼ߡ


2170 ֱɱ
ʥؼϹŶ֣ա
һԪϴݻһкǿ߷׷Χɱɵɱ֮ʣļһӰ
ոǴ⵽ʥ͵Ϯ˲ֵܣ
ħӪһ֮УϷĺħ㱨
ʥʱϮҪֹоٶȣ
࣬ʮǶԺħˮߣʵ뺮ħ
ȻΪߣǱκκҪĸࡣ
ħһֱڳĬֱ¶һǳЦϢһ·ͨʥ;Уʥ´ϰҲֹϣڴҪ֣һʥأȻϮ׷ӦϣɱӪʱҺħâĵλ޷ģ
ʥرϾʮĴǿɱƽȥ
ҪסǵĲϡԣֱɱʥأλΣ
˼ǣ
ʱ䣬кͷ׷׺Ӻħ
ħ˫ͫ˸Ѫ֮⣬ͬҹźﶯĵжȥϣǺħҪȡʥعҴǰУΧߡ󽫣ֱ͵ϮʥأŴϮҶθ͵Ϯǣⲻ͵ϮǻҪֱʥأʱʥκϰҲƣ
ͬ⣬һٴʧҲʱʥأ֪ʥص䣬ѴŲٸ׷սʣµ࣬ûжģߣʮִ֮࣬ݻʥز⣡
Ҫ͵ϮֻˮԤʱʥسʱһս½ؼǣûкˮ£ҲǴ粽У
ˣԼԴռ䣬ǸַպˮǾͳ
ǣ
ѾʼĦȭơ
ʥء
ʥ֮еĶռ䣬ոȥϮħȴ޹ϹŶԼҶȡڿѰ˼š
ҡҡͷɫࣺݹ۾ƣһ䲻⣬Է֣õսʵԶԶħ͵ϮɹҲ˲ħ١ĿǰֻԸաҪǰʱ뺮ħһϳ̣
ϹŶͬⷬĬĬͷ
ʥʵϣħ󣬾ð취𲻵ãϾһеʵ˵
ȻȥϢ˼鶼Щƣ԰ͳʥ
泽ɽ
֮Ҷһ鿴ͨһҲζԸħ
һбĴȻ׶ԸҶͻ񣬵ҲȥԶԸħħɲֹһħʮǿĺ
Щʵ¶ӽҶһ˶ԸôǿȻܡ
ʵҶȴ̫ΪʥزϵطչΪʮһʥأʽ£ʥԺħȴʥ
Ϣһᣬһ֮ͨС
ͻ֮󣬻ͨδϸںϣСҲδߵ߶ȡ
âңԶˮ
ˮգӵе֮ˣһֱڵȴš
ȥ˶δ뿪벽
Ȼˣſʵ֣˻Ҫã
ת߿ҡҡͷҲ֪½Ƭˮ򣬱Ҫܳʱ䣬ʦҲҪһʱ䣬ʦǴ߶˴ͨڶ̶ʱ䣬ƫƧˮ硣
ʣ˫ͫǿҺ󣺡֣ºܺ棬콣ʲô˵ΪȻںѵǻµľ
һǻŻʦں𣿡
֪ȴǷһ䡣
⡭Ԫʼ񣬶Ҫ׷Ǵ˵֮еĻִڣ˵񣬾Ԫʼ񶼲֪ܲͻƣ
֮ʲô¶пܣ׷콣һԪʼģλԶŴΪԪʼ̤죬м¼һλԪʼ̤Ĵڣ
죬˵֮Уĵã
ڴ촫˵̫ˣû˵ʦҪõ콣Ӷõǽ
벻ֲ˼ı콣
콣֮Уʦһָ˲ϢܴﵽֻҪʦõ콣ǻҲκβʦ𣡡
ʵԻΣΪβȥ콣
ԭɣһλڹԱߣӣ˵ʱо֣ʦǿ״̬ԣܵõ콣ξӵ콣һӦвȻܸӦ콣ֻʦʩչͨ콣Ƭˮκν䣬ʦ𶼿Ѱ
ԭˡ
һ̾û뵽Щ
е֮һӸ߿գƺעĪа񡱵ĽϧΪҲ޷ԷĴڡ
ಣ
ذգʮ޵ڴǰ
ʥء
泽ɽھеҶȣһУѰȫʵ߶ȡ
ӤʶѴﵽ˾ʶнӴںϣӤУٶҲﵽѲҶȵģҶֻҪṩԴбͿˡ
Ȼ뿪䣬ҴͨƵ񵤣֮࣬Ҷʥ񼶱񵤡
ಡಡ
ڸոճ泽ɽ˲䣬ҶȻͻȻһЩģĴȻæ߶ߡ
ಣ
˲䣬һǿƷʥԾ˵ٶȵ²ð㹦ʥء
ʮϢٶ֮죬ǺħľǿߣҪʥطͻϮ
뵽̴߶ơ
ʱ䣬ʥһǿƱ˲ϢʥǰȻнϹŶǿߣ񡢷ص˶С
ʱɫ쳣أ漴Ҳʥ߳
ҶȶʱҲǰռ䣬ƿն
ڣκ˶żʵʦܣħǿǣˣ
Ҷ׵д಻㹦򣬾ʥأʮͷǴ󲿷ֶﵽ۷壬һЩͬħһ㣬ʵԽʥµϰֱӶʥͻȻ֣
һֱ㣬þ취סħٶȣһâû뵽Ҳ˽ƻλںħǿɱǲӲӲֻܷ÷סħǿ̫࣬ɱȥɵͬɱ
˲ʥŷϹŶ˶̻̲֮ʣ˳ϸеӴݺħ͵ϮʥصϢȻЩϹŶۼڽ۷壬󷨣²˳٣һпǹƽ磬һ֮ڣֱӻʥأ
ǣ
ʮϹŶӡȻś˷ϵ񷡣
ƴڰ֮еʥأȴͻȻը˹Ȼһ¼ž̫ϵ̫ϵӡҲۼڵ۷֮ϣֻܰȴ


2171 ֻش
ʥеӣʱ˿̶ӵ񷣬һǽš־壬ƺ벻սͻȻ
ʱ˴ʮϹŶһٶ߲㣬ۼۣ֮·һؽ硢ÿ˶ɫء
ͻȻͷ֮ÿ䣺λͬţħһߣɱʥʮԪǵһѣϷϣÿӣҪŽǿУʥΧ֮УдҪǱİԼ˷ʿһҪֶԣ뺮ħսȥʥսʤ
ԲϣʥɢţҲĨУԺĿ־塢
ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬صϹŶͻȻֹͣӡһ˫˫Ŀ⿴ǰ߿ա
վ룬ͻȻܸ֣
ᣡ
ϹŶһӡֻʥط磬ͻȻһµףֻΪףǰ߿֮С
߳߳
ƬĻʮ֮ڶ
䣡
漴һ޴ӰΪǱֳûˣֻͻȻܵЩԲˡ
Щǿֳ֮ڸӼž
ʥͻȻȡ֮ڣƷȻ˲佫ʥΪƽأ벻
ħҲֳϻмһǿʥؿÿһֻͫһɱ
׼ã
ʥؽ֮ڣһǿϹŶΪ֮һϹŶΪ࣬ʵ޷Ტۡ
ÿ˵ͷ·һϹŶϣֵܵסơ
ʥأߣȻˣͻǳ׻𣬹
ħǿߣʥػʮ룬ͻȻͣħ߸ߵջӶұۡ
ˡ
ʮǿߣͷų˵ռ䶼Ϊ֮һ
䣡
кȻַԺħΪ֮ɺħ˫һᣬâΪֱ׾޴ʥغȥ
ʥϹŶʱͬһַӡִֻع⻷
âʱʥеӶ˺ΪâǿƣѾ˿ռ䣬Ѿܿ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬âѸͻʥؽ֮ϣգ۱ضɽҡıըΧռ䶼˺ѣʥؽڱըʱ羹ȻƬڴͬʱڲϹŶú
ĪФֳϡ߲㣬еֵ֮֮ǣǷ׷Ѫ
ɴը֮ҲͬʱʥزȥҲ׷Ѫ
ಡ
һâƿն
ڶâ֣еϹŶ߲㡢ӣʶΪսΪ𣬶ڶâϮӶ޷ֵס
ΪһâѾ顢˺һֽ硣
ڴʱһϹŶһۣ֮ʥصǿߣеӣΨһϣ˭ûԥȻ֮£ٴͬӡ
䣡
âٴλ֮ǰĽ紦ըѽ˺ѣҲѸպվڽ֮ʮϹŶͬʱƷֻЛˡҶȡصʮϹŶԭز

ħʥشϢͻᣬâͿҪʥ׼ѾõĽ磬ڣȻһܴâԼʮһʥؽ硣
찡
ЩƷϹŶƣֻص֮£ʮâʱɫˡ
ΣҲҪֵס
Ȼ̤һϹŶҲźʼӡ
ֻ⣬ʼӿ֮УܿͿʼ޸ʱʮâҲɱ
䡭
âһһʥؽ磬ÿһâըʥؽһ㣬ͬʱʮϹŶҲõѣ飬еϹŶѾ˽׶Ρ
һ̣ʥҲ֪жٵ֮С
ȻʥΧ֮£ʮܵʥرİաͨʿһ̣Ҳʬ塣
ԭΪʥأԱǣǡ
ʥؽʧòˣҪʥ顭
ħĴЦ񷡣
ʥյĽ磬Ѿò࣬оļһ㡣
ۣ֮ϹŶһξۼһһˣǛҶȣҲˣϾâǴħߵϹҲԵֵ
ħ𹥻ϾҪֻд߶ֻش󡯣
ͻȻ˵
áʱ˿̣ʥһ̣˭û뵽սԭ˲пᣡ
ԵʮǱûյľͷɣĿ⣬ȴɵļᶨ̫֮ϵԼϹŶٹλ߶ʥǿ󣡡
ǣ
ʥ֮УĻشʱ·зɳ̫ϵӡӣЩĸ߲㣬һʥصţ˺֮ܿۺ󷽡
˫ֺһϹŶʼӡ
һҪʥػ𣡡
ʱ˿̣Ϊʮâʥ·أѾȫΪƽأ¶һӣװʥڰգһֱһâ
âʱеӶˣʥؽѻ٣ֵܵסâ
ǿķʥظȫɣ綼ˣʥܿס
ֻش󣡡
ʮϹŶԼФĪȸ߲㣬֮࣬ǴʥصľӢͻȻֹͣӡ
ʱâҲʥأȴÿӴλʥǿǣ׷âս֮ǰһжǣڣֵܵסʥؾڣͬžܻȥ
ʥأ
ͬţ
̫ϵӡӸ
ˡ
âϮۿҪʥʱͻȻ䣬а㣬ͻȻâ֮ǰ
۵ԶħֻǲмЦ
䡣
âв֮ϣԾԻƣҪɣȻʥء
ʥϹŶи߼ӽӡ㾹Ȼһֱըâ쵽һ֮УһâĲȻ㻯⣬ʣâȻɨʥز磬ǲδݻʥأֻǰʣٴκˡ

֮еâ˲䱻һΧռ䣬ɿռ䲻˺ѡ
ʥأӵ˾˵ͨ
ħһȻΪ֣һǿǿסǶܷס𣿡
ֻشȻʥصһ󣡡
ȻֵסˣϹŶӣ׷˿
ֻشɽԪޱͬȵĴڣΪһ죬̫ϵӡӶҪʥشڵӡÿ˶ƿأҲ֪ӡֻشĲִ߶ӡ
ֻи߲ϹŶʸ֪ΪʥıֶΡ
ֻشҲֻһֻͨˡ
ҶȳΪϹŶ֮󣬲Ŵ󣬶ԣױƿˣȷһֻ󷨣ֻҪĺܴԲܶ˴߶ſԷӳ˵


2172 ݱʥ
ֻش󻯽ƣʱʥصӣǱӻʥ֮µİգڻף
Ϸǣȴڴ˿沿ʼӲ
ֻǰ߿գʮâȻһغâĿռ䣬ǿռ䶼ں飬о񷶼ڱ
ϹŶ߲㡢ŵӶоľͷƵģղȫ֣ŵֵסһâʱʮâȻ޷ֵģʥؽҲˣǾȫ󼸵âҲʥس׻𣬻Ϊҷ
âͷŵѹѾϯأһſڣʥҧ
¡
Ҳû˰취޼ƿʩֻһѡ񣬼߶ֻشܻǶ١
λʦ֣
˶޲֮ʣһ¶ӰһƵĽߴ
ҶʦܣϹŶ㵵ؿҶȡ
Ҷȳڻﶯ֮ǰ֣ͷð麹ϹŶԼӣݵЦλʦʦܣǼ߶ֻشʩչӻƽ֮УһžͨĶԿֻһʵҪԼʥص
ãЯȫ㣡
ϹŶǵ¶ϲЦݡ
֮£񣬿ԻΣ⣬κҶȾȻȻʧȥĵʥǿߣһεȼϣĿ

ǵӸߣ֮еӰԵת
һ̣ŵӣԼʥصӣǵӰ
ᣡ
˸һȣǿ߿ʼӡ߶ֻشҲ֪ҶҪʩչʲôͨϣ

ʮâҲڴʱ˿ռԻƣҶһʥذĸ߿ա
Ǹɶ࣡
ʮ֮⣬ħͻȻɫһĿҶϣǼҶж
ϧâ̫£ֶ࣬޷âͨʩչСâħ֣
ҶڵȴţԭҪ߶СֲҪֻشΪеӺòжֻ
С
һâϯۿֻаףں䣬ϹŶŵӶסĿ⡣
Ҷȵ˵棬ֻĻӶұۣһŤ֮⣬â
䣡
һĻˣҶһһâȻƬռ䣬ͻȻʧȻʧķ򣬱ռ飬ҶһȻâӿռ䣬ͻȻغֻǹʥأΧޱߵĸ߿ա
ǡǺεȵͨ
ϹŶ𾪵ؿһĻ˭û˭һŵı飬ЩŸ𺳣ԺֻͫҶһӣâı䷽һĻ
ಣ
Ҷһ֣ڶâȻҲʧȻΧȥʥల¡
̫ˣ
һĻʥ޷ţȻҲúһߣо˼飬뵽Ҷǵ棬նɱ˺۶һĻڿӦð˾Ųʮ
նɱ˺۶ֻǿ⣬֪ҶѾУγǿĸߴ
ʣһâҶȴ߶Сһһ⣬˲˼ĳ̶ȣΪֵΪʵ޷߶Сﵽ۷âƿ
ããã
ʥشʱĻ
Ӳͬ򣬷
ħðɣۿҪʥأȻҶȣһӣʮһιͬͷâ
ʱâȻӲͬһһʥغ
ǽƻ
Ҷ亹˳âӲͬӦѶ̫ˣɿûлͷֻԡ
߶ֻشһϷɳԷĴâ׼ʩչС
͵һĻ𺳶ٵӵ顣
Ҷйꡢͨᡢνȸ֣·ּ췣ۣ֮Ҷȡơˣֻ붴аѪһĻһĻҲ̡
Ҷչ֮ͨܣʵ겻ѡ
࣬ΪԽԽ
ಣ
Ҷһʩչ˵ٶȣԼռͨһ߶Сһâﶯұۡ
ռͨҶʦܵͨʥأҲضãӸ
ϸһʦʩչٶȡ̫ͨ඼ʥأֻתâͨ͸ǿʢֻϢ
һϹŶϽӡ˭Ҳû뵽ʥΣѵĽͷҶ½ӣվʥΣ
䣡
ʥصΧǳɽ룬ͷɭֻ֣һЩ۹ڣҶʩչСԺâ׷תƵЩطϿգһը֮ʥΧнԻΪһƬ档
־棬ѵҪ˼ʲô𣿡
ʩչСһâɹתƣҶȴ˲ħһֱĻǷҲǰ취
߿գ󷽾ʥأһʥؽΪһƬ棬ࡢʿΪ
ûκˣվսҲǿһͬսҲӦ
С˫㡭
ȻѾûκѡʥϣҶһ裬ȫһ̶Ȼ
ô£ֻشĵĺÿ죡
ʥ֮УͷֻشϹŶǣ׷𾪿ֻشΪԾ˵ٶڲ·ʲô¹޼ɵա
֮࣬ͨͨǰҶȣֻҶȻֻشô˵ʥ˵ɱһȰһգǻʲôȥԿ
ϹŶɻ֮ʣͻȻֵĸ߿գȻӿֻϢڴռ䡣
ЩֻϢ״ӿȥǧһ
ϹŶڲٵģ˾̾ͨʥֻľɣ

һʮͷâʱĴ˫㾹ȻƬζ֮࣬
ħ߳Ǵ˫㣺ֻϢʥصĹ̫ˣҲõģͨǸͷųģʥرȻǿ֮ĩĵزи翹
Ҳܾˡ
û뵽ʥѶԸȰЩ˵
ħһҲЩԲһδâҲͷɣħȻһпһͷһƬâӿĴ˫㡣
䣡
˫߿գײ֮նһֱ״̬˺ѣ೾֮С
ը˫޷۾ҶֿʼֻشСʼͷŸ˫㡣
ħ޷ŵı飬ΪǹݻٵĴ˫㣬شʧ߿յһײâ
˺һЩֹͣ
ħĵǰȻһӣȽԴ󣬻ָ֧֮Ԯٽй

ʮֹͣ˺ʮ
ˣˣ
ʥ򱬷ɽХĻеӣԼӻʥصİգʼף
ʥصڸ߲㣬ûܸʮǰ룬ܶʥط
Σգʱʱ̶̿ή١


2173 ͻ
ħˣʥдϢ֮
ʱ˿̣ʥĻʥ⻷ȫ飬оһӿݵľҲֻʣһЩάֵ󷨰ˣʥΧ޽Ѿ׻Ϊ档
ӷɳʥأǽ壬ǵĳѾ޷ݡ
ħʱᷢ
ϿգϢǷ񵤣ո
ϹŶһЩӣ鿴ʥԼ޸ʥش󣬛Ҷȡصǰء
ΪǺףħǳˣǰ׼ڶֹ
̾벻һʵʥŽһģ޷ֵǵĲ
ҶʦͦʥؽЩϣ֤ҶͦһĻҲҶȳΡ
λʥص֮ʣϹŶٻأ޲ֻҪʥܼסʦܱĵֵ
ҶȵҲԼģȻҲΪ˸˴λϹŶɫ仯
ӿʼϹŶ޲ʥ󷨣һͳƣܺʥˣϲµͨӣڱӻʥؽ֮ڵİգ࣬ͳơ
泽ɽ
ʥⲿ󲿷ֶˣ绹δƻڲ㣬󲿷߿ᣬҵ֮ҲϵʥϹŶգ׼뺮ħս
ָ֮ʣҶͨ׿ܣԽԽãͬʱҲơ簵н֪ܿʥؽ
ʥҲܺҺ࣬ΪǺâĺγɰΧ̫ʥءʥʵҪǿʥأ硢ƶ׶ԸĽɫʥػܼס
֮УֵõʮʥʥѾ̤ƽʣһҲʥԮ֮УʥزʮһȻɱ˼ɺȻһŴרɱʥҲ˲ء
ʥʮһȻᱻâͷŴУɳԸʥزΪ档
׷սҶҲܿӛ˽һϢ
ǿߣâսϣ˫ʧأһӦ࣬â̫࣬ʵǿ󣬴ۼʥءšǿ˲ء
ħһιȻÿһǻġ
Ҷȿʼ׿ܣҪʩչ̫ͨ޼˻Լ⣬ֶΣҪʩչ
׷
ضΪ棬ʬڷ֮УһֲϿƱմˮˮʼӿ֮С
һռ֮С
֣ǲʵԤϣ
֮Уֻһâڝbһ·
ڝbм֣ʵʲô׻˵ĺãӼ˻ҪҧˣսȻսͲǼ칦ģȻߣӴһӻжٵԴɲˮһգϾâֵܣҲܰ
ԴӶֵ࣬õū֮ٻҲ֣أ
ǵڝb˵㿴
׵ϣ֮ǰżȻᵽ˵ǺͿоǼܣʱǺһͳӾ͵ˣһڴ㲻ʲô
ϢǺϢ
ȻǺϢ뱦ɶֵõ׸ģֲվҪõ忴أ뿪ƫԶˮ򣬽ٻССâʲôֱػɻڴ
һ죬Ȼǽ֣Щֺʹ죬࣬ôֽãΪѱⶼһ飬ѰϹŴս౦
ڝbæһռ䣬һһֵһ㡣
²
¹ȥʥؽѾ󲿷ָֻʥ֮С
ټϹŶɫԵޱȣΪҲϢһʱ䣬֪ǳûйʥµطʥɱ뺮ħˣɺɷʥϮ
Ǻħ֧Ԯ
ǵѹˣ
һٶϹŶ֮ǰ֮һʥĿǰеľͷ
ś˵ħ֮ÿϹŶڳ˼Լϣа취ʥضɹΣ
ˡ
ڼеľͷǣͻȻʥؽ磬һ΢
ϹŶʱɫһǿʼͷƣһͬ뿪ʥ
ʥؽϷ
ϹŶۼ֮ǰգ֮ϣȻһƬ֮š
׼
һ
ƺɱΪϹŶϹŶ£ڶҶȵʦܣѾûʲôð취ʥеľͷһٶˣħҲȵǿߣʵձ鶼Խ࣬ιػг׼и취Ըħ
ҶϹŶףȻĬƬ̣ǰ취һζҲǰ취ʦܸ𻯽ƣλʦָֻشʦӵԴԴϵɣһʦһսʵʥءеӵԿ
ʦתƹͨЩ˴۽簡
Ȼʦӧʦ֣ܶһ޷֣ЩҲκι˼ɣŵɱ
ʦܾ
ϹŶǵȷûʲô⣬־ƣҲֻ˵һ¶ԵС
꣡
Ȼ䣬һȻһ׸ݺˮˣϯ֮ȫǻ
ˮ֮ϣĺȻ֮࣬ҶʥĴڡ

һתˮˣӾ޴ˮ֮Ϊһͷͷˮħ̬ſѪֱʥҧ
ϹŶӣʼ߶ֻشҶһɶ𣬴ʱһˮħˮѾҧ
С
һˮħȻΧռ۷ȥҧ
Ǹ࡭
ˮ˺󷽣ħʮﵽ۷壬Լǧͽλʥ·Ŀ⡣
ħҶȣһȻ·жԸҶȵİ취ֻ˫һΧʮµĺߣһһʧ
䣡
ҶǰգͻȻ˸ʮ𹥻Ǻħʮ֡
֧Ԯʦܣ
ʱʥһҲֳʮϹŶ

ϹŶʱҶȶԸˮħˮ˵ĻôʥؾҪֹܺʱϹŶɱ
ʥأǵⲻ˶ã
ħŭֱðʱףԸҶôס
ΪҶϹŶԸʥһԿҪһսԵɶˡ
ֻκħӦ׼֣ôƺЩδȫĸо
ˡ
ƽƫʥʱͻȻʥһȻվȻӿ˵


2174 
ã֧Ԯħĺˣ
˵ϹŶҲձ仯˶Ϊ֮һ
ʥغϷں棬ҪǺ뱾⣡ħЦȻתʥͷ
һʱ䣬ӺӿӾ˵ˮˡ
Щˮ˿ʼŴزϵӿʥΧأҲӱ֮ӿ֡
ͬʱƺѽǰ
ֻһʮҷҲнʮǺħ
ħ磬ֵˣ
ֵܣְʥظˣ
̱ĺȻͼ֮Ϸֱһףһף뺮ħͬȸ߶ȣΧʮ֣һнﵽ۷ǿ
ˡ
Ҷɫһû뵽֧ԮħȻʵ
䣡
˫ֱɱһʮͬȳһգһ
ֻش󣡡
ҺĹʥеӣ뷴ȥҶȴͻȻ˫һץһֻ㣬ͻȻ֮ǰ
䣡
޴ֻشֳϷұըɱըҶȺ˼Ȼʱ飬ĺʥء
˲䣬ʥظոĽ磬ֱУ󲿷ֽ翪ʼ飬ò֪жٵһ䡣
ʥ𣿡
ӾȻʹޣֻ֮ͫ޾Ŀ־塣
ɱ
ʱ˿̣Ҷһ˴߶ռͨʥǰػѾκ漣
ʮϹŶɱǿ߲סҲ޷ֳϹŶśһɳʥ֮С
ֻʣһˣӿʼֻشֵܵһһ㡣
˭Ҳ벻ʥؿֲ֪ħ׼ͻȻɱǿĺȫɱʥشֲʥû·ֻһսҾƴһҲδҴٵӡ
˵ȫû
ħ̫ƻˣϧֲʩչͨ壬ܷҪڱʥ֮ϡ
ҶʩչռͨԼСزֱ֣ͬܡ
˫ɱĺʮѾɱһٶϹŶֳɱ赲ɱʥء
һʱ䣬֮дѪռ䶼顣
ɣ
ħͻȻǰˮ֮ϣкһͬӡȻӷأӿͺˮˮʼγɺ״Һˮʼȼգںâ
ħôˮ
һĻɫ˴ģĺˮʥΧγɣϷɱĺõˮΪ䣬ʵͻʥ˵ǻԵĴ
ֵǣɱʥؾǰ
ħ´˷ǿɱȻӼ֮УҲӿĺԽԽ࣬ʮ򡢼ʮ򡭡
ಣ
ʱʥؽ֮ڣ˼񾭶ýģˣЩӣŵͬľͷˣꡢͨЩţҲδ˲пɱһĻ
ҶͻȻڛǰһҶ֮ǰǰ֣ôϢǰ
ʦ֣ʥӼսӶʥ֮ڣʥԪĵʦ߶ֻشʣġʦλʦ𣡡
ôˣǺĶ𣿡
а취Ϊɱˣ̫̫࣬ǿµӳֻ·һװˣ
ã
˵תʥ´˷ּǣȻ־壬ûԥ׷׷ɳʥء
ҶҲʥ֮⣬˫ʥһ֡
ಣ
׿ܣǧ֮࣬һǴﵽĴڣֻǵͽλˣҶȵģףʥر
ǡøĿ
˶ʱЦݣ벻ҶȾȻֶΣһͷôܣЩܣĴڡ
ҪεΪģŽλҲ
䡭
һˮħˮˣźħŴɱһϹŶԼʥӡ
ʦСģ
ɱգһ߽λʥ֣֪һˮħȻһ˺ҧҪ֪ЩˮħǺֵ˵ʥ񣬾۷ǿߣһ˺顣
ۿ޷ˮħʱһӰߣһץˮħץˡ
ʦ֣л껨ʧɫһԳȵҶȣл⡣
ҪģĪ֣
ҶһֳǰʩչСһˮħˮ˻⣬ԼϹ
Сӣ
ħȻһĿ꣬ɱҶȶҶȣ˫ֱͫðŭɷ֮⡣
ħҶȷҪڴˣɱ˲ɣħɱ⣬ҶȵɱһҲȥ
ɱ𣿡
źħЦΧʮΪǿߣǾȻֻһĿ꣬뺮ħɱҶȡ
ƺѾʥҶΪģɱҶȣʥҲˡ
䣡
ʮ֣뺮ħͬʱҶ޴ơ
С
ҶȻ֮䣬ƹ໥ײܿƣʣһƣȻҶ
ץһֻؽһһȥÿһװ顣
ôͻȻȿȥˣ
ֻһУҶһֵ֮סħֹʵʮǿ벻ףѾҶȰΧ
ǿɱ˺۶
ħŭѣͻȻָʥЦҶȣ㿴ʥأʮѾΧʥأֶܼãһСʱһ죿ʮ죬ջҪ𣡡
ʵҶȲÿ֪ڵսһٶϹŶѾǿΧΧɱʥءӣһҲֱΧɱϺкˮΪ䣬ϹŶЩŵӣҲ֮С
ʥأҶͷſܷʮϹһܷڿ֮£Ҳϱ顣
Σ㿴ʥأһûУħʥزˣҲҪͷ죡֪㲻ţϻῴ
Ҷ׼߶ƽʣҪЩ֣ڶʱɱô֣Ҳֻд߶ƽʡ
ˡ
˫һ׼ʱͻȻ˺Ŀռ֮УһԽǿҵĲ֮
£ħȺһͣ¹Χ亹δ֣Ȼɱʥظ֮С
ɽ
һ޵֮
ǡȻ䣬Ҷ¶ŵɫ
ͻͻͻ
գ۹ڽʥصʮϿգޱߵ֮УͻȻ併һͷֻâľɽ
ǡǱϾѧɽ
ʥڲӣȼһɽ
Ǳסˣ˵һɽһɽǶ޷֮࣬Ҳףʥؾֳˡ
ѵˣӾ


2175 ̤
䣡
ӿʼȸԾǵľ䣬Ҫʱڳˡ
ⲻֻϢ
Ψھϲ֮Уһɻ
ͻͻͻ
һɽѸ͵ʮѹȥ֮ʣֱӰѿռѹ÷飬˺ѣ飬Ƿ顣
Ǻεȵƣ
𣡡
ʮ̧ͷֻؾɽȻ֪ǿ󣬿ɶûߣһͬͷһɽȥ
ͻͻͻ
âʮ֮࣬ݺݻһֻؾɽƳ𣬵ײֻؾɽ֮ϣԶͱѹ÷׷顣
䣡
ͬʱֻؾɽȻӿѹٶȣͬĻƬһѹͷŷĺϷ
ʱ䣬ռ䱻ѹ飬ֱӱһֻؾɽѹжٺдˡ
ħȥһξͲˣ
ͬʱһϵľƿռ
ˣȻˣҪԶʥأɱ
ħպݺ˿ûаʹϧµɫ߶ӡʮʥһ
ͻͻͻ
ֻ̣ؾɽ
һΣħסˣϰֻؾɽݺݵѹںӪ֮࣬ʹص߿գһΣʮֻؾɽ֮£ʣµĺױ˵׷׿ʼˡ
㺮ħҲֻǼ˲ʲô˼ȥ
Ӧʦ֣Ӧʦֻˣ
ĺȻ䣬һ˵ķء쳤Хϲ
̫ʱˣ̫ʱˣҲ֪֣ʥص˭ˡ
ǱˣԪһֱٻعʥصľǿߣĴڣӦ顣
ʦϲ̤񣡡
ħʮְΧҶȣʵ뵽˭ˣǿɽ֮ͨУҶҲǹѲͷŵġ
Ҳ˵ǣӦ飬ڴشΣ£գ̤
һʥҲһ𣬿һľͷ
Ӧ飿λ˵еӦʦ壡
̫ˣʥܴ
ŵӣ֪ӦĴڣҲ˽ģŷ׷׿գڴ˵еľϹŶʥء
ͻͻͻ
ʥеգѰͬڵӦ֮ʣһͻȻʼ飬Ȼһֻؾɽռ䣬ɽۣ֮һۡͷ׷ˣ̤ɽ
Ӧʦ֣
׷ֶϹŶΪʥأ䲢ľͷӦ顣
ʱӦһֽˣȴ˸ͷ׷ֽͬһ㣬Եư
ϹŶԼ߲˵ӦȻİ̫ˣʥ֮ʣҪվǼ֮У䣬ֻӦ顣
Ӧ黺߿գ·˫ɱʱͷޱɭϵͬű뾫ϺԿʥأµĸɱ
ǣ
ϹŶٶʵǿ޷ĵزЩϹŶҲ³ӦΪ
ϹŶŵӣʼͻƺΧɱȥ
ִһҶȣĺܺãûйҵԼʥض࣬ȥɣɱѪծѪ
ǣʦ
ҶһЦгΪӦһ̣ͨ龻ָӦҲȷӦﵽΪ
ӦĴڣ֮ǰͻڝb´»ԿôӦһλҲпλʵ
ǾŵǱܣ񳤴Ԫ֮ãһͻƣӵеʵ޷
ʥؾȻҲһһҶȾòȥ񣬵ʥأԼӰΣ
ԡǿ߷һս
Ǹǳǿ󣬵Ҳֻһ˰ˣɱСӣȥ
ħۼ֤һʹϧ֮ɫҲûУʱҪʥأԲӦжǿ󣬺ħҪʥ֣統붴Դһ㣬֪ǲ˺벽
ž
һ֣˷Ҷɱ£
Ҷ߶Ĵ˫㿪ʼӿֳѺȫ飬һִֺ߷
벻ôʱ䣬ͻһλ񡭡뺮ħ֣ԵôݲȣҶĿǰʵȻﵽ߶ȣ̫ˣʥпڴδӣ˵ָҫǳԽҲǲܣ
ֻؾɽʧˡ
ӦʥϿգĿһֱҶֵһĻĻӦϳһοЦݡ
ʦ֣̫ʱˣ
˵ڽϷӭӦعʥء
ʦ壡
󷽣ʮӷ׷׹
Щˣ
̫Ӧě˸첲˶ʱˬʵЦ
ʦֲڣʥڵϹŶ֮УҲ¿ǿִС£ԪһĳҲ
Ҳóˣ
Щҿ̫ĹȥѣɽʧܣΪˣɹмˣˣ
ԭͻ񣬹ֲҸƿջ͸оϢȻǿһҲ٣
ʦ֣ħȻǲİ
ʱֵ˵ħܸȥǻֶΣսȥֻʱ롣
Ӧ룬뛕˶ݽһ֮һˣʼΪʥ޲
ͣ
ս߿ա
һﵽŽλһֻУѪĽ

ͷձնɱԱһͷδüӦҶִѪռд߶ߣͻȻƿһֻС

󷽣ħʮΧɱҶȣ벻ҶȾȻڿռ֮УûܰΧвȣնɱ¼ߣһߣ޷ֹ£Ҷȵպɱ
ˣħҲӲˣ
ûк֮ǣҶڿԷſ֣ɱ䣡
һֹʧڿռ䣬ȻѼߺʬ壬û֮С
䣡
һâʣʮһͷŶҶֵĿռ䣬ռ䶼˺ˣҶȾȻֻһӰ㺮ħҲڳ֣޷ҶȵһƬռ֮С
С
֮䣬һͷͻȻƾʧʧ֮ǰ־ħɵȺħʱͲˣ·޾֮С
˲䣬ʣʮŵɪɪ
Ǻεȵͨ
Ҫ֪ЩߣǶһĴڣʵʥ࣬ݺ⣬ȴһ֡
ռתƣ
ѰҶ֮ʣͻȻҲͬڵĿռ䣬ȻŤռͻȻۡ
βóѣ
ħһʩչߵķ緶ſָɱŤռ䡣
ݣ
ĴָץŤռ䣬Ȼ䣬һֻؽͻȻ̳
ͣ
ֻؽ׵ػħģһѪʱͬʱúħæ˺һ麹ƿʼܿƲ
ã
ϹŶŶһĻħȻˣʱʥһɽХĺ
תʥϷһʢȼƣȻеӶǿҿʤ


2176 սʥظ
඼
ʥضʤĻȴħһ㣬һڳԵʥأԻһȥ

ΧʮߣæֶѺħΧ룬ºħ˿ʧ
̫ɶˣδܹܴ裬ҪȹʥеӵѪ˺ǵٷâ򡯣
ǣ
ħŭգ۷һ֮߱󷽴Ӫˡ
ܣ
ͣ
ߣ֮УΪĴ֮һٶԼԿռãûܳԽߡ
һȺ֮ʣͻȻռ俪ʼ˺飬һֻؽںߣһĻֻؽ֮ǰæħ󷽡
ͷ˲Ϣͱ飬ĴڣѲҶĶ֡

ӳһξͻȻͷųһͷͷߵ̫ˣͬħһƯڸ߿ա
ಣ
ʮǿ˷£Ǻ󷽻вٺǿߣڴ߷ӿȵˮˣˮϮк˷ֱܵС
ģҶ׷ɱȥӦҶȣٻħƺҪϹһ˲ֵܵס
һҶȱʥϷʱϹŶսŵӣ׷ҲʥϿգŵӣȻ˴ﵽˣϹŶҲ䣬ЩûаװסȵӦع顣
ʥؽȻһ£Ѵﵽ߶ȣֻҪִ߶ֻش󣬽зֵҪ֮ǰ׵Ķࡣ
˵ֻҪ⣬ʥʮʥ֮УΨһʥء
໡
أͻȻħ˺֮
Ϣ׷׿âǷֻһͻȻȻΪһڸ߿յľ޴ˮħˮħڼףʵ壬ͨɡ
ֻش󣡡
Ӧ뛕뿪磬ǰƣɛеʼӡ
âһʥضᱻɱһգ
һ
޴ˮħ֮£ʮͬʱͷһٶ߽ӡÿ˫ͫͷųһɲǵڹ⡣
ֱʱħɫ仯ǰŭɱкӿᷨӡʮȻӿˮħ֮С
ʮҶǿĴڣһںǶôǿ벻˼顣
ûϵʥػսʥأʥزʮǿĴڣââĽһʥػֵܵ𣿡
ħһɭɭЦݣǵ⣬һߣȴϳ´˳𲻱ΰġ
໡
Ϸ޴ˮħһ췢ŭ
ֻش󣡡
Ӧʱһ䣬ͻĵòо˵ı仯ÿһǿĵӣʥʱ̣ΪħҪʩչĹȻɱﵣλֵܲܵסʹʥؿɲԱסֵܵһӣʥؾܱסһӣʥǳɳֻشͬĸףսҲҪסʥأ
ʥأ
еӶʱĵĺ
â˼䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ظ߿գǾ޴ˮħȻͻȻͬһֱǱߣٿȻܳſ죬ͷȼյâֱӴӸ߿ʥҧ
ᣡ
ʥһ׼ãҶȡӦ顢ˡءϹŶվǰͬʱ˫ִһӡǰһؿֻش󣬴һ·ֹͣˡ
˭Ҳ֪ʥֻشֵܷסâֹ
Ҳֻ֪
ˣһ̣ƺѲʥȥա
䣡
ˮħҧƣÿռ䶼˺飬׿ռ䶼ں飬ˮħͬӺڰ˳ޣһҧֻش֮ϡ
һŷݣײȻҧֻش֮С
ۣ
ײǿâƳֻشƣúʥظ֣׷Ѫɫ԰ס
꣡
ˮħ̰ҧסֻش󣬺ݺݵذڶ˺ҧֻشҿʼ˺ҧֻش󲻶ϲ̬
Ҵף
Ӧ˫üһһӡۿҪֻش󣬾ȻʼϣҺЩ磬ʼˮħݶľâ
ʱ˿̣ϹŶҶ֮⣬ûкΪȫԸѾֻشΪһ壬ֻشˮħҧסƺҲҲס
ȼ
Ӧһ֮â
ʱʥصʵѾ޷ֵȫǿӦһˣֻشϼҶȼռĺʬ壬жٺʬ壿Լ֮
ˡ
һɹɺʼӿֻش֮С
Ҷȣ
Ӧ͸ܵӿ֮УҶһͷâɵþޱȡ
ǵռĺʬ壬ʬΪʥãҶȼػشһ䣬ȫ߶
ãססӦ˫ͫοʱÿһӣףֻмټ֣л·һ
Ǹɱ࣬񡭡
֮УħҲ벻ȫ벻ʥؾȻֵסĺȻԶӦ飬ҧҧ֮˫һᡣ
ʱ˺ҧסֻشˮħڼ֮УӾ˵ââʼϯֻش󣬴Ȼʼϱɣˮħ˺ҧ֮ͻȻӿ죬ֻشҡҡ׹
ʦ
Σ֮ʣҶӦһͬӡͷų˵ֻشһαҫ۵ֻâ
ˣٽٰɣ
˫ֲ£ʥؼȥǶԺħ˵Ĵ
ħͻȻüͷһȼյâ֮ӡ
ˡ
ͬʱ˼֮ӦͻȻ΢΢ɫ䣬ҶȣãһǿϹˣ

ҶһǱģҲһʥػܼס
ʥؽˣͷ֣Ҫȫ⹥Ʋײƣǻģ
ĺȻ䣬ӦԷա
һ̣еӵĿ֮УŶӦϣϣӦܸҡʥش졣
ͻ
ͻأ֮䣬һѪ֣ץռ䣬ĿֱӦ飬ռ顣
ž
ӦͷֻһѪײһ
ʱ䣬µײֱÿռ飬ҿռֱϯ˷
˲Ϣռɿռ鿪ʼԿֲٶΧӡ
̫ˣ˺󣡡
ħŵһ麹תͼæŲߣҲֻдﵽĺлߣռֱϯ󷽵ĺ԰ټƵĺͨͨ޷ſռ飬һͬ˺顣
ߣ
ˣˣʥҲˡ
ϹŶǣѾ޷ֵĹֻʩչͨʥضһЩӣҶ߶СȻʥضתߣԶĿռ䡣
ͻͻͻ
ϧҶȵΪֻһλǸ߽λ˲ϢƿʥػпܣڣС
ռ˲ֻش˺飬ոڻƶʥأȻ֮һʥأֱſռ˲˺ѡ


2177 ־ǿع
ʥͬʱ֮µĴأѾҲ˺ѻΪ촷ۣ¶׵Ԩһܿ죬ĺˮˮʼԨð
½ػˣˮ֮ˮȻҪ
벻̤񣬻һ֮ʥأҪˡ
߶СҶѾ߶ģΪľǼӿٶȣʥƳֵ
ϧΪ̫ͣʵǿʲô
ʥزſռ׷ϣڲ飬絶ʣ޷ֹ
֮һʥر˺飬жٵӣһ̱˺飿ĵҲһ̻Ϊ
ʦܣס
뷨صϹŶһӿӣγɵĿռٶȣڲϼӿ죬ӣ˽Ӳء
ʱ˿̣ЩڼʶĿ
ϴ췣ۣ֮»ֻ֣ǳԶԷʵδɱӦͷ֣ÿһжȫȫչֳ
ӵе½ͨȻӳ졣
ʱ½Ҳڲϻ֮Уʥһ̣ʧء
Ⱦǡ
ʥ֮У鲻죬ٵڲҽУܵʥرӻİھĺ
ϧҶҲ޷ǣϹŶҲֻܾȳһһΪԽԽ£ռƲϼӿ죬ʥҲӿ˻𲽷
ʱ˿̣ٵӡϣܶ֡
Ҷȡ
ҶȽ߾ȫƶʥأռ֮ʣһϤ֮ͻȻʥش
ǡʦ֣Ҷȴϲôһֱ޷͸عŵڣƺδ֪عʵ
ˣ
ϢһӰҶһֶȻع
ʦ֣Ҷȼޱȡ
عƽ˫֮ͫУҲ˸ŽȣҹȻû㣬ʥصδһϣǵáʥʵ޷סеӶˣҲҪҪؽʥأ
ΪΣ
ΪЩϹŶеӣƽӹģ޷ֻش㲻ͬҴӵһ㣬͸оĹѪӿֻϢ㶨ʥصδδûˣֻδδǶˣֻҪڣδڣסҵĻƶʥأΪһ֮
ع˵꣬һݴݣһȻʥռ봦
ʦܣ
ʦ֣
عĿռǰʱʱʥصĵӣϹŶǳɻ⡣
ƺףһʥ꣬ȴƽӹعΪδʱһ޷͸ǿϢ
ᣡ
عߺһ
ֻһƣӭռ䣬ȴʥһץ
ͻͻͻ
ʱռ䣬ȻγһֻУв֮ռ䲻ײһʱȻռٶ
ʦܵʵع𣿡
ϹŶŵӣ׷״󾪲ѡ
ʵֱ񰡣޷ֵռ䣬Ϊռ䲻γɵģǿӦʵȻﵽλ񣬺һľͷҲȻһߡ
ԽѰĴڣ֮Ƕôֲһλ񣬿µֵҲףγ˴ռ䣬ҶҲ޷ֵ˴顣
ǣʱ˿̣عˣ漣ֻһ񶼲ǵʥ񣬾Ҳ޷ֵ
һĻеϹŶеĵӡ
ع;򵥣̫ˣΪ̫ͨͨû˿֮ˣ󲻷Ĵڣ
ҶҲ֮Уץסᣬʩչȫƶʥء
ˡ
عƣָͻȻʥһץ
𺳵һĻˣʥصۻԪĵȻرعץ֮У塣
⡭ⲻֻ䣬ĳ̶𣿡
ǰֻʥ䣬ʥе󷨣ԼԴΪʦҲ㣿
ɲǼ䣬ϹŶһο˫ۡ
ܶñԴ֮ȻҲʥصĴڡع㵽ʥʲôĴڣҶҲ¶˾ϲعǿ²֪жٵӣҪȳ
ʦܣ㵽ʲôˣ
ԶӣҳмʵΪʥ˴ĹףʥԶǽ죬Ϊ㣡
һжҸģ
ռ֮ǰعȥɣڲʧĺȻʥأԼϤףˬʵЦЦʥشߣΪߵΣʥػ֮ʣʥأÿһӣҵΣҵĴڵ壬ҵĴڣԼû֪Ҳ֪
ߣ
һϹŶȻǵһţ̫ˣΪʥһӣǾȻ֪عʵݡ
ʥزʥػδλȫԸɣ
ع˵꣬ʼȫʥرԴȻ赲ռƽٶȣҶȺòƶʥأϹŶǾȳĵӣİա
벻֮⣬ǿĴڣ
룬ضˣȴӰڸ߿ս֡
ӦΧ˸һѪۺϷһδζɱУӦ߶ֻܻͨΣԶʥزڻѺǺʵ
ӦȥˮһսȥħʥضӦŭȵ
Һͬ࣬ʲôħǲâ£һˣͻΪǵĿģΪ˻ҲΪЧң
ͷЦ֮ͷųĿâӦΧըÿһαըռҲըһ
ʥأ

ĵӣϹŶǴʥ֮оȳиİգҲҪȳ
Ҷعǿʩչ֮£ѾʥؾȳӣǶˣʥѾ
ۣ
ͻȻ䣬عǱӰͻȻǰһ㣬һѪ
ʦ֣ҶӵߣعвԾĵطޱȵʵ
ûʦܣûʱˣΪߣžΪһ죬ܶȳһӣҵĸ壡
عʥʷϣβ𣬵ʥػǴʦܣȪ̻ᣬõƽʱҾ͸Ӧˣ
ѵʦһֱ֪ƽʥر
ô˻Ҷȴ󾪲ѣΪǴˣܵõƽʣԭƽʵĴڣͱع֪
Ǿȫ֤ع̫˽ˡ
ΪߣȻҪκ˶˽ʥصĹȥƽǵһ棬ֻشʥʱǿҲӹɵģʥصľ裬һֱڰעϣһ죬иӣӵвۣâû뵽֮꣬ڵȵ㣡
úûƽʣȥ㽫ʥأҲҪȥΪҪ˵ҲֻЩھȡһλӻɣ
عһֱͷҲδһ£˵֮ٴαֱֻϢ·ǻƽʵꡣ


2178 δϣ
˿̣Զ׷ս֮С
Ӫ
ʮֵһ񣬳ʥأħ޷ӦһǱֵܸ˹ȥ
ڝbɶϷƺⳡսԣѾʤȯա
·һһӵлƤ»
»ֵҲضãöԸ
ħûãԸһʥأҪɳâľͷҪòʥأҲˣ
ڝb΢΢ŭȻ룬ҡҡͷʥֻ֮ϴ˵֮УĲۣ֮ӵһֻ񼣣ʥмӣҲ֮У»ֵܣⷽսΣ
͹˴ﵽʮˣһҲʧأҪ߽˴Ҫһʱ䣬Լ·һɱ׷Ļ˴ܿᱻǼĿǰֻдһΪУ֮Ӱ
ʮȻ뱾֣֮ǽ֣ȻΪ棬籾ǳ֣ھâúӶԴ˺ǵõ屦أ
ڝb̰طЦʱâûȫԸӵʮʵһֻл
ʥء
쳷ˣ
ԛˡصϹŶΪ׵ǿߣھȳһӡ
Ϊʱ䣬Ծȳĵӡ
Ӷռ䣬عһˣһ֮ұۣͻȻռΧ
ͣ
ռǿµ˺ʱ֣ұۡ
ʦ֣
Ҷ쳣ȥعұ۶ռ䣬ȥֹع
عһұֱ˺ѣۻӳץһڿռ֮ϡ
ʦܣסҵĻĪҪΪߣҵĴھʥصĴڣܱʥأԶ
عһģǰռ侹Ȼ˶٣ȻͻȻӿ죬գ۾ͽعǣռ˺顣

˵ϹŶҲһĻعΪӣһǿߣڿռ֮¡
ЩΪعֹռ飬Ĵӣʱʹ
ڲǿ޵ʱҶʦܣٹʥأǲòЩӣҲòʧȥʦܣҲʧȥ㣡
ʧȥعֹռ飬ƬռһԺˮ֮ƣٴ׷֮˲𣬶ҶƶʥصٶȣȫȲ֮ոսӴʥأʥضʱ˺֮һ
˿ɲʧȥعʧȥҶȣʥ֮УδӳĵӶǸ߲µĵӣԼգ˺ҶȣҲȲˡ
ܰװҶȡ
ʦܣٻ
ϹŶҲʼҶȡ
߶ģҲ޷ʥأԼͬš
ʵȻռҶ֮Ȼ߶֮ڿռϯʱʧȥ
ꡭ
ռǸ߿գԼʥء
˲䣬ʥػΪƬٵӡղУգ۹ʣಿʥأҲռɡ
ʥأ׻Ϊ촷ۡ
ҵΪﵽ߽λǧͼﵽǱԴߡ
ҲûҲģҶһ࣬ǳʥأһֱ
ǧ꣬ӳ絽ڣʥؾȻǰִǶҶȣŶÿ˶ݵġ
ϧҶԹԼҲ޷޴ʥأǧͼǴ߶ߣٰʥƿ
ɣǻҪЩӸϿ뿪Ƭ
ϹŶ޷ţıʹ֮Уʥضÿˣͬͥһ㣬еϹŶѽʵˡ
Эеȥȫ򣡡
ҶȼȻоͷ´﷨߶ͨһֻعâסԼʮӣԼְգһͬա
ΪӦԼͷ֣γɵĻռ䣬ԸӾ˵ٶں죬ϹŶЩӾ㳤ٶҲȲϿռٶȡ
һȺϹŶŴӣʼʮ뽮
ʥء
ռʥڵĸ߿գȫһƬ״̬κʿֻҪ̤У˲ᱻ˺顣
ʥػӦһ絶ʣֻϧ޷ֻ֣ܾǰĺͷնɱ򲻵ʥػЩһҶع߾ȫȳĵӣջǻںͷ֮¡
ʥػҾѳᣡ
ӦȻһصİ֮⣬ļܿͻ˰ֽһ㡣
ɱλһո̤һλ񣬼֮еţҲ޷նɱңǾĲ࣬޷ƣ
ӰϷҪʥأҲҪɱӦ
ոմ˴Ϣʥѻ𣬵ӳȥһЩӣ׷ɱھһͬΧɱЩ࣡
һԶսĸ߿ա
ħͻȻһ⣬¶˿ϲΧֻʣʮæһ׷ɱȥ
ʮһ붼֮£ʣЩǿ֮еǿߣκθ߿գռ䶼ڲ
ˡ
ۿռԽԽңԶϹŶ˿Ȼʥػ𣬵ٻô˳ţԽʥء
ҶͻȻǰԼ󷽣֮һ󺧣򛕷һϹŶãħں׷ˣǵǰԼΧкüɺΧɱ
⡭
仰ʱϹŶٴΰɤۡ
Сж٣
˲ʵð亹
٣ǿɱһʱ䣬ջʤҶϹŶ׵
Ǻãòӳ֣
ʦ֣ɱɣɱһ·
ҶʦܣܸӦҲӦܸӦĸĺʵһЩɣ
󷽣ǹɺֻˣȻǿ߲٣ǿӦȻӶǶ٣
ҶʵػشΪ߶ģҲĺܣһˣ˵Σ
һˣһ塣
ߣɱһѪ·˵úǰΧ
˵ϣϹŶȻŶʮӣռٷȥ
ʦܣ
;УͻȻҶȰд
ʦ֣кҪ£Ҷʵ
̾ϢʥӳĻᣬԽԽãˣӦʦ֣ܰѺͷնɱʱ뻢ڣ򡭡µ񣬱ƵǰʥҲˣôĵӡԣϣ֮ʣһ˴ʥԪۻԴٵ
ʦ֣δһʦԼ䶼ڣǲߵһģ
ɽ磬ΪߣӦɽ羭ĻʥؿԻЩȫˣҲҪҪˣҪʥشȥս֮ǰҰԴռʱ̣һ˴ȥֻһ˿ԵΣ
ǲµģ
˼֪䵱ʱͬ뿪ʥһ̣ͶһսҲôһ߱ĿܣЩʥأһ˿ܶûУҲϵһâս޷˴㣡


2179 һϣ
㛕˰̬˵ϾҶҲΪ黹δߵһʦ֣ҪֶԸڵӳΧɱ֮У
֮ס˵ġ
һε麹ӛüͷ£֪жิӣΪʥΨһƾˣκξغʥδ
ڱϹŶĵӣɫ
Ӳˣ
һ֮󣬴Ӻ󷽸߿գȻħĴЦ
˵ÿһ֣һ룬һһʥÿӡ
Īţħһʱỹ׷
ڵŵò֮ʣæʾϹŶӿٶȣȻοڵӣʵҲѿʼꡣ
ɱ
Լһʱ
ǰĸ߿գӿһƬһȥԼ֮ࡣ
ʦܣ߶ƽʣҵɱһѪ·
˲ϢϹŶƿڵӣһٶˢˢ߿գĿⶼҶȡ
ҶȻһץƽֳһ߶ҶȵɱȻ˼飬ӦҲǛ˵ɱﵡ
ֿʮƯյĵӣһľͷˣś˻֮ϵӣ׷׷ɳӳХһλǻᾡɱһѪ·һлᣬǱ㾡ȫӳȥӳȥѰ뿪İ취һס߾һؽʥأ
˵꣬ϹŶԼӣɱǰƬʣµĵӣͬʹ֮С
ݣ
һӰǰȼյĻ棬ٶȾ˳ϹŶֳֻƽʵҶȡ
һ࣬Ȼ
ǰ߶¶мЦݡ
С
߶ֻƽ֮Уִ߶һֻ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȴﵽӵֻΪ۷壬ֻߡƽʡֻڴʱ״ںϡ
ӶƽʣҶʧ
أ
֮ĺͷǣ׼Ҷնɱ֪Ҷƾƻʧˡ
ͣ
Ȼ䣬һƽʷ棬ףͻȻӺǰռ仮
ռһ̣ȻʷиƽʷѸײڶ֮ƣ޷Ӧǡ
ѪĽһĺգ۾ͱƽʷ˺飬ˣռҲһͬ˺ˣʮʥΪԼͽλ޷֮˲Ϣɥڻƽʷ֮ϡ
ͣ
һʷ棬һǰĺռɱ
ǿ࣡
һ棬ҶȾȻɱӰӶδֳǿ𺳴ͷ
һ࣬ƽʷɱ֮󣬴֪ôĺʷ棬ǲ֪ʱԵ࣬ǴﵽʵĿ´ڡ
͡
ƽʷ֮ռȱ˺ѣһκι޷赲ƽʷ棬˲Ϣƽʷ˺ѣϿռһͬ˺ѣ
·ߣɱ⣡
һɱһٶҶȴʬֶޱŭХһӶƽʡ
ۣ
ƽʷһǰĺȻ˼
ն࣡
봦һﵽŽλ۷ĺߣ֪ҶȵĿ£벻ǺҲбɱһ졣
赲ң
Ҷȼ߶ֻߣֻǽ΢΢һһλԦƽʣøЩϾƽǾŽλ񷨱Ҷʵܴ߶ʮ֮һ漣ˡ
ڳֻƽУܷӳʵҪһ㣬ֻߡ
ҶʦܣɱһѪ·
ϹŶǴʱҲڳɱһͬҶλΪģʼһ
ʣµʮӣҲϹϹŶǲΪӪ
ͣ
ǰ
ֻһ˵Ҷȣֳֻƽʷͬɱ񣬲ǰӳƽʣһƽʷңѾնɱǧҲɱúһһҲû͵ࡣ
ͻͻͻ
ʮﵽ۷ĺߣԼʮͽλγϰǿѹȻֱҶȳ֡
һٶ֣ô£Ƭռ䶼飬ΪһƬâѹռ䣬ҶȴԵơ
ƣ
ҶȴΧµҶȣһ֮ջӳһƽʷ棬Ҳٴһ߶ȡ
ݣ
ƽʷȻƬռ¶Ǿ˺գȻռ͵صıըը֮ʼϯٺⱬը֮УҶȴ߶СⷽĻƣֱӴ֮УǴ˲䱻նɱ
ûҲմʬ壬Щɶı֤
ٴηϹһѹ֮ЩҲһ亹֮Ҳﵽĸ߶ȣȻһ࣬Ը赲
ҶֻӳƽʣһɰѺתƣǰԼһնɱ˲١
һĻôӿϣҶȵıӰ̫ߴˣʱ˿̣ıӰ¶س˵ϣ
ɱɱɱ
Ѿӳϣɺ󷽴Ķȴһεȡ
ֻħһȻͬһʱ׷ɱֻħ˫ͫɷ֮⾹ڷȼա
ˣ赲ǣ
ʥؽֵĺһɺɱȻǲһз˵Ĺ
ѵҪʥأϾɱ
һں˵ĿܶûˣֻǰǰҲΧɱ֮УϹŶҲ¶Ŀ⡣
ˣǻǴǿߣҶɱѪ·һǰš
ˡ
һٶϹŶһʮӺ󷽣γһԲȦеԼְա
¡¡
ͬʱԺħԼһɺĹϹŶͦÿһ˶һӡ
ʥأαҪɱɾ
һ֮ʮһΰΧʥأɱʥأһϹŶȹĿꡣ

Ȼ䡣
һâڷһϹŶûиӦᣬͱֳĺħһš
ͣ
˫ͫһ⣬ΪûϹŶħͷų⣬ؾѱŵã޷Ӧʥصӡ
ʱ˿̣һʥص֮£ֱӻΪ촷ۣǱը
ϰˡǧˡֱˡ
һжѣħȻɱʥصӡ
ɱɱɱ
ħ۸ߺﵽǿ׷׵ɱ˹ûǿֹǣʮʥصӣܿͻᱻɱһգΧϹŶ޷֣ΪҲ֮С
ܷ׿ܣ
ˣҶȴ߶СʥصΧ

ǿĽ׿ܼʱʥصΧܷһܼͬʱΪϹŶ˸ѾжʮϹŶ䣬Ҳһˡ
˲ԺҪҪȫʥصӣű롣
ʱпܷԼ׿ܣΧɱĺ̫ˣʥصӲֻǲǳƬƬˡ
ʥ˾
ɱҶɻӶƽʣѾҪɱһӣϵĺҲͷþɱһѪ·
ұţޱ֣
һʱͻȻ߿Ӧ龹Ȼʱֶָһץǧޱ֣ץ


2180 ݾ
Ӧʦ֣
ʦ壡
ϹŶӣӦ鼰ʱ֣ĸһҲŲеĵʼʹޡ
ۿҪ棬֪Ӧֳˣִϣ
ޱ֣
ָֻӡ׼ȷʥΧ
ɶ񰡣񣡡
ħӦ飬޲óԵԷӦĳ֣Ҳ˵ԺͷٷְٱӦɱ
䣡
ָֻӡ٣һƬһƬĺ˲ͱָֻӡնɱǱɣΧҲΪʮޱ֮£˵ĺʮ

ʵ̫ˣֹڴˣǹ˼½Լ˵ʥصӣһƬñӦնɱ
ˣ
ħĵشһŲʮǱ
ʥءѵǾ˰װ뿪
ĺȻ䣬ӦѾ˵ϹŶӪ֮УȻһͬΧĺӦɱ
ҶҲǰʱòȻԼʵﵽ񣬿ΪϾ񣬲໹Ǻܾ˵ġ
Ҳ׷׾£ʱӦ黹δ֣ԣħһں޷ߵġ
ӦһϹŶдŵӿΧ£ڵӣʮµӣȻֻʣʮͷЩ֮ǰӳİգ׷׶ں֮¡
ԿʥءԼʬ壬˵ʬɽ
â
һĻ˭˲âʹ
˰ɣ
ʮ֮ΧѾûκκǰԶգʮȥһа
ޱ֣
ʥصǰӦ黺ؽӡұﶯе£ǰָͻȻʮݺһץ
ˡ
գһ䡢ͳ
Ȼ󱬷һ۵Ĵը֮ıըŴ֮дݶħк뱬ը֮УƬռ䡢Ƭأ˲ǻ
ｮһ̻Ϊ档
ʮǿӦ֮£Ȼһʵݱʥûˡ
ã
ֳƿ죬һĻʹɱǴġ
뿪ȥǰ
Ӧת´һʮӴż飬ʼǰȥ
ʮңԶĹ
¡
ͻȻ䣬Ƿһըһ֮µâȻӷͷŶ
˲ƬըֻŻâûһ߳ɽϢӰ
ͷߺȻǻ̫ʼشۡۡشԼţͷ񣬹ͥĴͷȻء
ʱӭѹȣ׷̫ʼһͷһֻâӿڣȻҪ˻ѹ
֮󣬻̫ʼһԣƺҪȴĴͷΪΪ
ˣ
һâӻ̫ʼֶָ΢΢ۣ֮𣺡ĪҪâսҪˣ
ս
̫ʼһ΢΢
Ҳֻ֪ǸողŻõ鱨µĳӦйأ㲻õģҶȡơЩСආȻѾҪԪתУһɹұӵʱ
Ҫʼƻ̫ˣһɹڲٹ˼ʲôԸԪɲףߵĻ񣬱Ͼƿأ߻ƿţ
Ԫ߻񣬵ȷӵ֮ͨܣԶŴΪǿĴڣһȡԪҲ
µ㱨һ£ֶԼɽյǿߣҶ磬ҶξȻҲ½ˣ
Ҷ½磿ܣܣΪܣǳڴﵽԪʼΪ
޵ŵͻȻթ
̫ʼµʱҲ𾪣˵ֻԪʼеܣɽ磬ŶãҲʥ񾳽ˣơҲ½磡
ʥҶôʱ䣬ﵽʥѾ漣ˣʥ񡭡ʥΪܴԽ棿֮ǰȷ͹Ҷȣ֣ˣξҶ֮ͨܣҲâ֮£âȻǺһСҲӵвĴڣпܴԪʼҶȡǱػⳡս֮Уְ֣ᣬԼȥѡڱҪʱ̣Ҳ˲ˣٻ
ǣ
̫ʼͷӦȻָϵʧ
򣬻̫ʼЦưƣǰǰţȴ߲ССʮһ̫ʼעֻ񼣵ˣ֮ҪΪף㡭ֻһֻˣ
һ̫ʼ߶âͥĴߣԴ
žĴʮʥص񵤣ٻָ֮С
Ҷڶ֮УδսѾó۷ռʬ壬ȱ
ʥҲ޷סֻгƵ̫ʥأڼš
Ҳʱ䣬ơȡϵڵĺʥأѾ׼̫ʥػڼ֮Уʱ˻ҪΪʥŬ
˻ӣˡ
Ҷȳ˻ȡϵһӦͨ龻Ѱңѷִں֮£˻ӽҲץסѹԪ񣬳Ϊһū
ʱȥ
ֶһ𣬱԰˭뵽ս˲пᣬݱľƣֲܹ˴ʧˣΪʥ
ʦң
ȻһҶһ˲Ϣһռ֮УֻӦϷ·ǛԼʮϹŶ
ʦܣ
Ҷʩ񣬾δսҶʵԼʥصĸѳϹŶ֮ǰǻҶȵһˣѾʥ޷ȱٵĴڡ
֮ӦصҶȣʱ䲻ˣ²һֱϢȥɱһâԼħâڝbͻϤ磬Źʥأңʮ񴦴սµķ棬ʥѾûеطȥ
ʦܣǾˣ㼴̴ʮӣϽ뿪ˮΪѾ֪ˣ
ؽ˵
ӦͷҲþ޾ˮ֮׼ãֻҪܰȫﵽˮܰʥصתƵ
ߣأҶȷʡ
ǣ
¶̹ȻЦݣϹŶ໥ЦЦǸӦ£ʦܣȻŹǣǣסǣʦӵв˼ĿռֻͨԴеĵӣ
ۣ
˻ճڣϷӦ飬ͻȻһ𣬵һѪ
ôˣվ
Ӧ԰׵ؿÿһˣ֮ͫУȻҲǲоͷǿƿΧĽ硭һͷͷҲ˵ʱΧɱ

ϢˣǶԣʥò׻ĵӶԣӦͨ쳹֮ܣҶԼϹŶҪԸֱǲġ


2181 ʱ
ΪҶ
Ӧ黺վĿ֮Χʧ˻Ūһ£߿֮ϡ
γɰΧ֮ƣ
ɫ˻ӦĿҶԼϹŶϣڰע߿֮ϣһ߿գһлᡭӳһһĪڹ˼ӣܴܲҶ
˻ˣԨʵʦ֣һҲû𣿡
һλλȣӵλӦʹնɱλ񣬵Ҳ޷ͬʱԸͷһ֣һжЩʵ̫ˣһԼߣǶװˣӳȥܣһһץסᣬͷڴ½֮УҲԽǸϾɱ
еӣ˸
ϣܿʵмֵ壬ˣȻӲȥ񲻰
á
˵һӦϹŶ׷׿ʱӦѾԷǰٶԽԽ졣
ʦ
ɲǼ䣬ҶֶʦһͬסǣģԵĿǰΪκҲκң
ӦĬƬ̣Ȼʵа𣿡
аգ֮Уû˿κңӦ鵣ɻĿ⣬ҶնĻش
ҶģӦδ˵֣ͻȻХڱϣժͷ­кͣʰǣ
ಣ
˵һ߿ա
Īţ
һȻãʱ˵ʱһ·ڴʱž
̫ˣ
ϹŶһľ˿̲ӦղǷһɱǸûеӣԼ޷֮
׼ãǱһлᣬҸ˸뾡취ӳȥĪװ޼ֵ
Ҷȣ֮ǰһ֣Ϊڵȡᣬһλ漣ʵʩչƽܶԸһλ𣿡
֮ϣʥصӣѾʮңԶ
Ӧ׷ﶯޱ飬ͫֵģĿȻһҶϡ
Ҷ׵ƽǾŽλ񷨱õ֣һλӦò⣬ٶȷƣӮӣҲǽ֣Ϊͬȡʱ䣬кע
뾡취סﵽλĺͷԸһӦûлͬų֣
ã
һϺëͻȻһһֱΪΧѾӿͷɱˡ
ͻͻͻ
˲ϢΧ߿վȻͬʱӿһƬƬռһ̺Ȼ顣
Сģ
ӦҶռܣգʧա
ܣ
ǰͻȻɱһƣĵöȥĸ߿գʱ˺
˿̣׷
λ
һӪ
ϰ֮ϣڝbڱ֮ϣǰǶʮԼΪﵽ۷ĺߡ
ڝbһӣк߷׷׿ʥѻ߰˰ˣɱ׷ʱ򷢶ܹɱˣϸ֮˴ܹ
ʱ˷
ʣ¶ʮ»ȻҲУЩͷ֮УΪһλﵽλ񲻵ȣһǵɱ¾֮
ڝbǶʱĪʩչģͨȻƬ̹׷Ҫǵ֮£
ǡͷܲ⡣
նɱ֮еǿߣĿǰ񣬳֮ҲöԸһʮոɱһλֵܣɳλֵȥնɱˣҪնɱûҲҪȡʮԴʣʥأһ𣡡
һŴҶİʥصֽ֣ʵ֤ǿϴɴƿأ
֮һ֣ǽ֣֮лЩֵܣʱҲҪϱ֮ô£ʵȻǿֻҪһᱻˮǣâһͳƬˮ򣡡
ŶʮڝbʼǼһʵ˲׷Ҳ֮£ͻ
ಣ
ڝbȻڱ֮ϣʮͷɳ硣
ʱ˿̣Χ֮Уɳĺʮ򡢰򡭡֮࣬ȫƶˮˣʽɱ
λڝbҪܹˣ
һ
Ƿ棬ʮˡԼǿߣһͬۼҲʮ֮䡣
ǰ
߸ƯţǹЦԽȵȵʥ䣬Լ۹֮ȵȾͷԼǧ֮ࡣ
˾ۼĿڴһϡ
ΪȻΪĹǣ߳һ쳣ƽ˵֮ǰʥر٣ڶܺ׷ɱ֮СʥأʥأдѾŶˣǶܺ׷ɱĵӡ
һǿߣ׷׳ĬˣеڿеڲеĬ֮С
ǵĵûˡҵģģдҵġͨͨûˣ
ʱԿأϼⶼڳ鶯λûˣǿٽֻҪǱסڣǾͿƬ֮ϣһʥأһ۹һʥػҪ֮ʣֻ䣬ȱʥһһλɱâôһжģ޷ֵâôÿˣǵϤĵطΪ޾ˮ磡
ʱ̣ˣǵļ԰ջģ
ЦŴһ䡣
ɱ
һ֣֮Ϊ֮顣

ǿ˭ҲûӲһɱâ
֮
âǿڸ߿ɱһ߿նʱΪսҲ죬ֻʼϯء
డ̫࣬Сˣ˴âųһעâ⣿
ʮͷڲŲæڝbƽΧɱս֮С
ڝb
󷽣֮С
˫ۣ׷սκζ
ʮԼ
޵ڝbڻδ֣ȻȡеԴõԴ֮󣬲Żᶯֻ
ֻ̾ϧЩʥءŵǿǡֻпԼɱâల£ǰˣҲҪʽڝb֣ʱǽ֮£ģһУữΪ̣
ڝbֱӽ֡
ʮҡҡͷף֮ڻڣΪûг֡
һܣǲܿڝbɱʱڝb֣Ҳ᳹׻
ڴʱ˿̣Ҳֻܵȴ·սѾѪɺӣƯࡢʬ壬սޱȣ·һ׾


2182 ޵Σ־
ʮ
࣬Ȼǿ󡭡
߿֮УǿĺͷոɱӦ顱
ÿһӦȴֽͬһնɱ֮ԶȼգΪҽӦ鱻նɱǰռŤ֮ӦֻЩǱ߳ա
ѲЩʥϣֵܵ𣿡
Ȼ䣬һҷ߿ȥ

Ӧ鵱׷ɱȥ
˲Ϣ
Ȼʮʥصڵĸ߿գһ֣ˡصӣѾŵ޷
Ϊǰĺ
𣡡
ֻһֳڣɲǼ䣬ʮΧռ䡢ؿʼ𣬺˲䣬ʶΪ
ֻأ
ִŵ졣
źʩչʮΧءռͨͨۿҪʮӡ
֮ʣӦ鼰ʱֶ˫·ռһƣͬĴͨʱӿռ䡣
ͻͻͻ
ڱʧĿռأͻȻһסȻĴأȻʼᣬʧءɽһԲ˼ٶȿʼµ

죡
񰡣
ʮӺޱ飬գۼҪŻأһͬΪתۣʧĴ֣˲һĻеͷζûʵֻ׸
ž
ӰѸײڶ֮ͻȻӦ󷽣Ӧ֮ĶеӰΣ֮ϣ޷ʱӦӦϣʱ˱㱻ռ֮С
޽
ͷûɱ˵Ӧ飬ڿõʱӦռ䣬ܵռѹƣ޷ܣ˵ֲͨ
ڴΣһ̣ͻȻŤһ޽شΧմ̳
һֻϣ
޽̫ޣϢõ֣ͷȲѣ޽ӰٶȣҶȴӦԱֳץסӦ飬ʧ
أ
һͽλǱ׷ɱҶϳ˲ٵĿһ˶һˡ
ԸҶһˣˣҶȿȴûʲôƵģһĻԱǿͷ޷š
λ磬ԹֵܰСǸһλ񣬵ȴһռͨԼٶȣ˴ռܣץһλ˼͵
ǣǡ
治֪˵ǺãǾҪǰ׷նɱȻͿԻʮ࣬ȥ׻ϣһһλҲԸˣûã
˵Щˣ
ͷͬȥʧڸ߿
ˣҶʦܴǻᾡˮλã
ɫЩƽ̫ˣ˵֣Ʊܽնɱתʮӷһ˶ʱˮٷȥ

ңԶ߿գ
Ƕܲˣ
գۼ䣬ǿĺҶӦڸ߿֮ϡ
ӦߣңԲסһᣡӦһˣˣȻǿʢ
Ҷ׵أҪߣûסһߣͬžΣˣЯ֣סǣһͬ˳޾ǰϣ뿪٣
ڣҪҲףʩչĲ򣬶ǹȣԴյ̬ʩչȣ޷ͻǵĹȣѵаգͻֵ
ΪʦͲõֻҪȥɣ
ȡɣո䴫׷ڝbֵǿߣ䲻٣ӳȥͱٻսﻹҪпᣡ
䡭
ʦˣϹŶʦҲҶȣЩǶԵģҪסʥؾڣ
ӦҶȲţ˵һ䣬Ŀ޷˷ϡ
죬ʰǣ
ΧסˣһڨڨЦ֮ƣΧռֱ֮ƣҶȡӦ
âңԶˮ
ӵе֮ˣԼͬʿػڸ߿ա
ͻȻ䣬ĪаӰشպֶ
¶ϲЦݣת׷׹ӭ
ʦû°ɣ˼ȵʵ
ĪаͷͬˣΨһ˴ڣʱ䴩ԽңԶˮ򣬸ΪʦģѾָò࣬ţΪâƬˮ򣬺˴룿
ǰããˮĪаƺܿ͸·ˮһС
ˣʮǰâɱ֮Уæش
УԴԶŴս֮ռ顢𣬻ķ棬ӡ֮У塢½ԶŴս̫Ĵ䣬ȴûչΪʦһɱ¾ں飬â˵
ĪаȻһ
һˣȻâˮµĳǳ֮Уĵĺˮ磬ѹѹƺǺܾˡ
ĪаǰһƬƬˮ³ǳأֻͫɱ
֮׷۵ɼǶĪаж
ʦҪˮºǳأҲףʩ
ͷǿߣǶΧסΧһɱһ벻â֮УһﵽԪʼĺ
Īа֮ݵһ˿⡣
Ԫʼ
𺳵ҡҡͷĪаˣܰɣһƫԶȻԪʼ񼶱Ĵڣ
һԪʼʲôʦɱԪʼ˵һش
ٶȣ򱶣ΪҲͨǿжɣ
Īаٶ

ˮ˫һƣ˲֣֮ͨûһʥȫԼɶ˴죬ʱǳΧȥ
Լ֮
Īа΢΢ػӶָۣ֮ͻȻӿһȻ¶һǳǳЦݣȻָһ㡣
꣡
ǳأգ֮󣬾Ȼȫǣˮǳضȼ֮УһƬ޴ˡ
˭Ҷâ֣֪âܵǱӻԶⷽˮĴڣ
һŭ֮
һͷһλԪʼ񣬸ڱǰ
ĪаͻȻʧԭأգֻۣʧʱʲôҲûУʱָѾץסһźͷ­
ͷ­Ȼ˵ֻ࡭࣬ǣ㡢ⲻ˶ã
ˣͲƬˮˣΪɵɵźǿ߸Χɱ𣿡
Īа΢΢һΧ˺ͷ­ʣһƬҽ

˲ϢĪаˮ֮ϣ򣺡ʱӦ콣Ϣ˽ƪǱص֮
ӡ֪־ʱжңԶ
ʮ
ҶȣʩչĲͨռͨɣȻ
߿֮УϹ׷ɱҶӦ飬ҶʩչԼС£ͷһֱ޷Ըˡ
ҶҪشӦʱȻ䣬򶨵˫ͫͻȻһ֮ɫ
âڵããˮа̾龻ͻȻӦһΣյ־ô£ѵâҪʲôͷɣ


2183 Īаɱ
㷢ʲôˣ
Ӧ黹ҶȻشȻͻȻҶȾȻٶΧͷӿ
Ҷҡҡͷ߶һͷҶȲɻҡҡͷֻͻȻоһɺǿ־֪ǲâǿߣ֮âǷˮ
âⷽˮٸԪʷԶȻиǿߣסǣӦǵ־
Ӧͱ˫ۡ
ɱɱɱ
Χӿ˵âֱӰΧռ飬ִռ䣬˵Ŀռȥ·
Ҳ벻ǰС࣬ؼ䴫˵еߣӵƿؿռ
С
ҶȰһ߶ԼСڸӦǹɿ־Ӧ飬ռͷ
ʵҶһλҲֻһλʵ߶ģʵһλΪͬ񣬲̫ˣҪ湥Ҷȸͷ֡
ʩչʣչֿռͨôҶȾо޴ƣؼһռ䱾ߴռ䣬ô
ôһֲȻĸо
׷֮С
ʮǿߣ׷սͻȻʮӦʲôȴ޷ҳɻؿԱ߶ˡ
뽣һһǵģâǿ֧Ԯˣ
̣һͬͷŸӦʮڣʵ֪жྪˣʼӦǷݲϢ
֮
ҡҡͷɫһأ޷ӦкǿϢⲻ˵ûУ˵Է̫ǿˣ
ţ
ͷǿߵĻпܾâǿߣ޷ӦǶԷΪǴﵽ۷壬ǡԪʼ񣡡
ԪʼֻҪһУǾҪһͬ𡭡ɫԽء
һٸӦӦ
ʮ˫ۡ
ںӪģڱ֮ϵڝbֻʣǿߣһɵؿǰս˴ϱɱһֱŵЦݡ
ꡭ
Ȼ䣬ڝbһȻһɫıʯͻȻ顣
ô£ڝbһæӣץסʯ顣
Աһǿߣ𺳵ʵѵǳǳ˴£ǳءķ
ڝbҡҡͷǳزܳ£ܣƬˮֻâΧûκεǿˮһ㣬һ㣬һͳˮ򣬼ϻһĴ򣬸ܳ£
ǵһȣݱӦһ
ڝb϶â£лǺæʼӦ
â
ˮ֮ϣǿԼ֣Ӷâ޾Ƹâɱһա
Ӵˣﲻâ
ʦ𣡡
иʱĪаһࡣ
Īа񻺻ؿˣãΪʦѿȷ콣֮УϢȴ֮ǰ
㶣ҡҡͷϢʦĪӵ콣ˣںϣȻǶԷѾӦʦĴڣϢ
ԷΪСܸӦΪʦϢӦѡʲô취Ϣսˣ
Īа˴Ŵ֣Ծ˵ٶȣʧâϿա
֮⣬뺣֮ĲԶˮ߿ա
ʱӰ
һһӰҲһˣ
ԵúȻȻԱ߲ӰâҪһԺӴķ̳ӿʵٶȣ
ӰȻҪĺãһɹֱùǰռмĺܺãǣȴõú˽֮һܶôڼʱ䣬̤Ԫʼ񣡡
лϣЩǳмģӹ
мҺ÷Ӧʱǵܣܱ֪֮ܿԪʼĽʵ飡
ӰЦЦֵںһڼƻǱֻǻЩûн⿪һǼǵļƻԿʼԣ
ĲӰû˵꣬ͻȻӦʲô
ϣôˣ
󾪣Ϊ֪ϵΪȻݵ顣
һΪԪʼâһϾҪӰ˵
ѵâԪʼ񣿡æʵ
СֻһλԪʼʲôԪʼ񲻵Ϊߣ࣬
Ӱ˵꣬ʧˣ±˷Ĵڡ
⡭
Ӱ϶⣬ҲòԶ߿ա
Ǻǣû뵽ңԶƫƧˮҲи߽λԼһԸӦϢ

ĪаȻƿգʧĵطɱ⣬˷ȻǳǳЦŹɣСĻǺõģⷽˮȻкĴڣҪǲǿ״̬ʱ׼ţ˵ﻹҪ´
ʦ𣡡
ܿ죬ǿ׷˹
ģ߽λǿߣѾˣΪ࣬ƬˮҲĪ⣬֪𣿡
ף˼æ
ͻȻǰһָˣ㿴ǰԼ
ţǴŸְΧȱöĪаһ䡣
ಣ
ǿУʮ𣬶ĪаżһѾ֪ںη
⣡
ʮսĸ߿ա
ڸӦ֮еӦ飬ͻȻ˫ۣһĿҶȣǿߣֹһǿߣҶȣ׷ͬţ
𣿡ҶһҲһӦ˱飬̬ĺء
ߣ
ͷŹҶȶˡ
ӦһȣѵӦǺǣâ֧Ԯ
ʲô
ͷ׷¶ɻĿ⣬ȻһͬӦֻǺ䣬̾âϢǡ࡭
ŶӦҶͬʱһ
ࣿǿߣ
ߣ
ʱ˿̣ͷȻŲ֮ɫٲסҶӦ飬׷ȥ
ߣ
˲ϢҶȴ߶˴ǧͼ
ˣ
գۼ䣬˾ͳһ߿գʮٷˮʥصӣ˳֣˼ޱȣ׷׼ٸ
ֻҶӦЦ˲䣬ѾӦΧӵ̫İǿϢ
Ƕˣ֮ԼڝbͷǣӦǿߵͻȻ١
оͷӦʱĪаͻȻ𣬷·޴ڣˡԼֻ˵һ飬˵ڶ飬໹Ǻͨͨۼڸ߿գ˭ǲӣ˲𣡡
϶أࡢ޷ѹ
ǺεȵΪ
ͷǶˡ
¡ˣ
֮գʱȴֳΪǿĴڣȻܸӦ˵֮ˣﵽֲĸ߶ȡ


2184 ĩ
ȻԷǿأ޷ӹԷĸӦ˵Էǡ
ǰ߿գ̫̾ǿˣϢİȻҲâǿߡŮɱ⣬ֱ֮
˵ִڣƫƧˮǡΪζɻ
Σ֮˵ʲôþʲô㣬Ƕ࣬ҪĵģӦڝb
ʮͷ·ء
һ
ڝbĪаһصĻ֮ͳ˾֮˼Īаǲ֮ǿߡ
âˡ
ǿĴڣڝbԸҲƬ̴⣬һսϵĺ׷׾£
սһƬЦԽЩͷ׷׶񷡣
ٵҵĹ֮
ʮ
ӦͻȻʩչͨʮӷ׷֮У˴ͨҲֻ
ʱվʣҶȶˣ߰ɣȥϣȻӲˣѡһ𣡡
ðɣ
ҶҲûа취ˣԷ֪жǿ󣬾ʩչǧͼҲһʧðգ翴˵
˵ֻ龪һ׷ȥ
;гҲϢҲŸʥؽһͬţ׷ȥûʥصǰˣӻ
ܺãǶʵ
֮УĪа޵
ʱƯ׷ϷһᣬĵԼ˸һȥ
Ƭ̹ʮŽҴʿ׷׷սͽţԿ
ܿ죬ǧսдǿߣƯڰգҶȲϹŶ棬Ҳ˳磬ͬʱҲӦӷϢսл
Է߿ڝbĴĻסƯڸ߿գвζۿ˭֪;˱仯
ˣ
ͻȻ˶߿ա
ֻĪаӵе֮ˣԼһһٶ
ͬʱһ߿գʮҲֶ
˰ɣ
ĪаĿ֮ϣֻһۣ㲻ٶ࿴ֻʵ
ǣ
֮Ͻش
ţĪаԾƺȵΪﵽ߽λʸΪ£쿪ʼ˾͸汾
⡭֮һ벻ĪаһڣȻǳΪĲ£ǿ֮
߳ʩ£ҵȶͨˣˣĪҪǿ󣡡
ʲôֻ˵һ飬ǴӦҲãӦҲգǵ£
Īа˵꣬Ŀ⿴գԼâĿ֮¸ǣʱǿ߶䣬Ҷһ¡
һṦĪа˵ҪΪһˣҵˣõҪõĶͻ뿪Ƕʵ˭ҪǸҶһ£ֱ
˵ĺȳһظӵš
ˣ
ĪаͻȻӡһȼաڲͬĽȻشͷŶ
⽣κˣκκ˵İģиˣȴͻȻһ
ǡ콣
վӦ顢ߵҶȣͻȻһȻæжʱκˣ콣콣ԭǿߣΪ콣
ʱ˿̣Ҷȱκ˶ף׷˺¡
콣콣ܣҶһֱ֪кܣ벻ԷȻΪ콣
֪ʲôĿģҺô֮ǰ֮УҲֻ񷨱ԷǴﵽ۷ĴڣٴطϢߣҲӵ콣Ŀ֮ǰǷӡá
æ߶ͨʼ콣Լ
ʱ֮ԼǿߣĬĪа񲻶ͷ콣
⣬ͷŵ콣ҵһ֣ٻ콣
ĪаĸӦѾ͸Ҷȴ󺧲ѣ߶龻֣ʼڵķӡ
Īа񲻶ͷŸӦеľͷǿĸǾԼ־壬ΪĪаĸӦȻ״͸ǵԼͨռ䣬ǿ
һ̣ĸڝbԼʮҲȫһֿ־塢ıԵһߣȻ˳ĿȫΪߣܽܡ
ˣ
㹦ȥ
ĪаͻȻ˫üһɻ
һһæʵʦôˣѵûиӦ콣ʦΪôܣ
ԭĵӡ
Īа֪Ҷȴʱߣһһ
ΪʦŷӦһȷûз콣ϢΪʦ̫Сⷽʿӵ콣ˣǸĴڣҪӹĪаĸӦܣĪаչֳһ˿˿ŭ
Īа
Ҷ֪Է
ĪаĿȻâӪ֮ϣͫ⣬֪ʲôͻȻͷųɱĵˣ룬ǺǾɱ಻ǿߣڱϣ˭ҲӲˣ
ɱ
ƺڝbԼʮߣʵʵʵڵȴĪаĴ㣬ǵˣڝbȻʵȥǵˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ڝbʮһͬ˵ƣһͬɳ׷ﶯƣץĪа
䣡
ǻδɱµâͰѿռ飬֮Χɢ
֪
ͻȻ䣬ֶָ޴ռһץȻֹڿʼԲ˼ٶȣᡣ
⡭
ڝbԼи֣ŵޱ顣
Ǻεȵ
Ȼ֪ǰƸ޹ؽҪĸ࣬½ˣεȵΪεȵͨ
һĻҲкԼ࣬׾ͽռָʵҲֲ̫ˣһʲôģ
ˣδǣĪа
ĪаһâǸǣ֮ǰպþâˮһݣâĴӪɱһﵽԪʼĺڱµĺӽǧɣˣ֮ǰɱк䣬һʣͨͨնɱ
âˣ
ڝb󣬵һҡͷҵڰԪʼôϣ
һһλԪʼˣ֪ǰɱ˲֪ٵĺ˵һλԪʼ񣬾Ǹ߽λԪʼڱҲǲһâڱǰֵһᣬȽ
ǣˣ
ͻȻתָץա
¡
ռ֮УͻȻը
ռ֮⣬ȻûдըκƣʵǴͨը󣬶ʮͨͨڝbҲǱӡ廨
ĪаֿˣЩһסҵ˽ƪ콣
ʦģ
ͻȻӡһɿµâȻ˲ְеĺ׷ױ
˻ϲ˳
âľͷĺƿأⷽǿ߼ֱǴģĸдЦأһ˼㡣
䣡
һĳʱһɻڽռĺ˲ͬкΪ˳


2185 
âһƣͨͨ䣬һΪ촷һĻʿ
ܸӣâٵ۹ɡʥء𣬶Ϊǵū
޲ýâǧУâ˲䱻ÿ˵񾭣һѵǣ
Ϊ˵õ콣
Ҷȵһںʱ侲̬ͬðսͷ֮࣬˲䡣
ϴܱӦ콣ʵڲУ֪
ͬʱҶҲĪаΪζĿģ߸ħ磬ƶʱЦ첻µز¡

Ϊ촷ۣ´Ĵ䣬Լ𽥱ģƺҲѰʲôٶȲǺܾˡ
Ҷơ紫ҵô߶Լǧͼ뿪ĪаΪ̫ǿˣҲӵһ콣ӦضᱻӦ
ŵ߰ɣҲĪа񣬻ô֣ͬѾʥء̫ʥءʥأҲȫˣǵΪԼ룬ҲһðնԸĪа񣡡
ֻ취ˡ
ԴУߵĻԴǧͼߣϳơ磬һ߻ᣬǾǺ޻ᡣ
ĬһҶԳƵǾĪаʵڲУƣʱѰƧ֮أ̣úøĪаһνѵ
ϴŶâɱһֱţǼɵй¶ȥâ
ƴ⡣
Ѱһᣬ׼á
Ҷ˶һȻ߿գ˻ռӦƺѰ콣ȻӦԼвᣬкϤףһֱܵҶȰб
һж˱ػᱻĪа׷ɱʱȻһĿĵĶ׷ɱӲ֪ȥηˮʱ仹޷صʥء
һᣬԼӦ鴫䡢ʦʵǰͻȻɱǿߣпΪӶΪɽ磬õһ챦ԷΪѰᱦ
⡭
Ӧ鶼ȫĹעĪаȸһһ¶ԷͻȻʥس֣ʱʱ̿ó׼
ʱҶһ˵һҶȣ벻ţУҶȻǿߣĪа־ͷϹϵԶܣʵƫƫˡ
һߣԷض׷ɱԵһȥԤϣҲһնһ٣ҪʱٻعʥأӾͲ֪ˣʦģܻػҶһһ˵
ʵ̫ͻȻˡһʱ֪˵ʲôá
Ӧ鴫ǹػԷȻΪ߲һҲԴҪǿҵɣʥء֪ǺεȽ֣ǻĻҲ㴫
Щƴ񵤣Լ۶ʱռƸʥһؽҪʣܾ;㣬лƽʡƽʵʦһֱڰػѰԵˣӻȽʥأʥҪ
ͬʱҶȰд߶Саһö佻
񵤣ԼʣǻƽʣһӦУʵȻһ¥
Ҷȣ
Ӧͫ˸Ųᡣ
ģҶʾ⣬ʥأҲӵк飬Ӵȥֲ֪ʱҲζ
ˣЩʿô죿
Ȼ䣬߿մһͳҶͷߡ
Īа˶֮󣬹˵ҵ콣˵ЩˡǿȻҪ뱾£Щߣһʣǵģ
ˣش
ãֻҪǲʿ֣ôʥػܿؽġ
Īа仰ҶһֱѹŵʯͷҲ˲ʧ
ȥǰ취
ֹ˰ʱۿбҪ˸ӦɾҶĿͻȻһȻ߶ߣʩչС

ţ
ĪаͻȻһ߿գ콣Ϣǰ֣úÿЩ࣡
ǣջش𣬾ͼĪаʧˡ
ơ硭
ĪаʧҶ߶ԪԼǧͼ䣬δ󣬷ֱ̫ʥԼʥأٴδʧɽ˺֮С
ϢֻһϢˣΧûʿϢ
תۣĪаڸ߿գΧʲôûУһץһ΢ʧüͷͻȻһʧ
֮ϣͷһ⣬ĿǰٿȻŭȻʩչɽƣֻϣ˼ץסǣ

Īаһ̤ռ䣬ռʱ飬Ȼֱӽ֮С
ˣĪа׷ˣ
׷ԵҶͷǳ󣬰ųơ磬ͬʱͷԼӦʲôҲûеĿռ䣬Ȼһɴ֮
ʹ߶ǧͼ֮¼괩ȥ
ӣ
ΪһӰ֮ʣĪаɭɭΧռ䱬Ȼһ⾹ȻֱӺӰʧĿռ䡣
䣡
ֻһ⣬ͰҶʧĿռ䣬ȫ顣
ۡ
Ϊµ֮УҶȡơڱǧͼԽգ֮ķȥʱͻȻգһٶƻ̫ˣƾǳ֮⣬ҶȵһѪ
ȻҶԺӿ걻ɽ׷ɱĳھȻž˵ơ
ֻˣһ񣬾ȻǱղϵ׷ɱ
ǳ֮ٶͻȻӿ죬һʧռΧ
ĪаգǰǳâһЦֲøڱǰˣֶΣԭӵһռ䱾ֻǾ̫ˣһλ񣬲ҲһһλϣٶȾȻﵽ߽λ㲻˼ĸ߶ȣշеٶȣǸ߽λҲеȻٶԼռͨ棬Ź֮

գΪ־ĵط
磬ǽϣʲڣһƬޣûκ󣬶ա
Īа֪һ㣬չֳʵԼֶΣȻռٷУҶȥķ׷ɱȥ
֮ģ
һϢվʱͳΪһƬ棬â֮У˳
ಣ
Ҷ˵ǳ֮⣬ӿռͻȻ֣֮ϣʲôûУҶȡơ˷ŷƾյ
ͻȻ󷽣ϴϢӦˣ̫ǿˣϴֻˮ򲻶ϷУǲлᣬֻҪȥƫƧˮ򣬰ܷѵ
ã̫ԶˮûƣǧͼҪܷ꣬ӳ˵ٶȣֻռ¼꣬һ˦һξ룬Ǿˮ
Ҷ֮ٴδ߶ǧͼʱΪǳӰ
䡭
һָӺѸ͵
ˡ
Ƭռָһ㣬˲ȫžһɺƬռ˲仯ΪɫΪռ䣬ָ֮£Ȼ˲ϢᣬΪһƬռ䡣


2186 Īа㲻ɱ
ռ䶼ˣ
ˣǰ׿ռ䣬Ҳǧ׿ռ䣬׿ռ֮ڣ˲仯Ϊɫռ硣

֮УҶٴαһͷͻȻ¶صɫռ䣬һͬһں
ʲôʵ
˴Ŀռ䣬һ֮УһҲܱռ䣬ֻڴռ֮ڣΪǵʵ޷ռ䣬ݿռ䡣
ĪаѾռ֮ϣ֮綼ˣʵڱ̬
ֻС󡭡
ΪĿռ֮ϣĪаһվͷʧǳâĪаδŭԵƽ벻벻Ȼ˿ռ䱾£ⲻٶȣǿռͨСںϵĿռ䷨һ䲻򵥵ıԿռ֮ҲгԽ󲿷˵Ĳ֮
һ׷ɱĪаҶȵǾͷһ׽Ҷ£׷ȥ
Īаâǿ߱ƿأҶȡơӱ׷ɱ֮ʡ
½رԵ

ˮ֮УһӣͻȻðˮݣգ۹κͬǷɳӣƯ߿֮ϡ
Ϊ޷͸ҲϢ治֪жǿ
һģĺһڼףڼϵͼڣˮħ˫ͫһɨŭգڝbѹˡâףȻǰһṦһ䣬һѹ
һǿ߹ޱȣˣ¸Ӧ໹ţҼ׷ҲвС࣬âֻжʮߣһҲûУââһ𣡡
ɱɱɱһ£Ҫһˡ
ǿڼ׺֪ɱжŨңڶ֮ʣȴ쳣ƽ˲༸֮󣬴Ӻ󷽳һƿնӰ
Ӱ˲Ȼ
ڼ׺ʴˣ
ڼסʡųĿ⣬м֪ڝbѹâҲ֣֮
֪ҲǸ֪мæͷǰ𡰹ʡں磬λ֪ڝb߳١
ʣôһ£ڝbǰã˵׼ǣ֮еǣҲ׼ǹڝbҵҴĺŮԼرҺһͳˮ򣬻֪ҪȶãѹĻҲи˵âֻǳˮһСˣҲҺ޷ȱٵĴڣڝbҺ´󹦵ߣչˣƻڝbâġ
治֪Ӻ˵𣬲âʵǺͻȻģΪڝbҪ֮ʣͻȻɱһǿߣâŻ˶𣡡
мĵĽ͵ϧƻâŵġ
ԭˣǿߣ
˲âͬǣǷİɣâὨɴâҲΪҺһͳĿʼ֮أ
֪ˣкδ㣿м̽԰ʵ
㵽ûУڡҪҲڝbһֱԸɣھĵطܾݵ㣬Ƕƻӷ㣿
ˣαҪڝbֵܺģ˭֪ҷ̳֣ʧأֱֲӱ¶ݣ
ˣ˵ЩҲû˼λȳڝbߣ
Ȼ䣬ʵ˫ͫȼһɹâ
׷
ɽ˺ϿգĪа֣ڿʿ֪ͫͻȻһ⣬ʱ˵ʦ˵֮⣬һﵽԪʼΪĿºͷʱʦõ콣һʱϻ
ԪʼҲǺ⡣
ಣ
ӡȻΧĸ֣׷ġ
ôˣ
Զǰĸ߿գڵȴеʮ˶ɻɫ
һﵽԪʼĺƺڿ
ͬʱͻȻ֮Ժ
Ԫʼ
֮˲׹Էǿ߹ֲд˶ԭҪߣȻ˿߿գԼƬ̲ˡ
ʮϽתʿһŭ𣺡ǿΪƽأˮ򣡡

ձʿ
ЦԽӦȾͷȻ֪ʮῪʼЦǿҲĪ뿪Ȼд·ʿˮƴȥ
ڴͬʱʮ޷
䡭
һشըĹâȻһʱ䣬ӳ׷ĸ߿գңԶĹŽ߿գҲ춼Ѫ죬ؿʼҶ
ը죬ңԶ붼Ŀ⵽֪Ǳըж£֮˲䲻ˣʿˮȥ
ǡǹʴˣ
֮С
ѹڝbԼʮ֣һߣ޻ܵģ벻·תͷȻˣǿɱǵʱ䶼ûУȥˡ
ڝbȻǴк󸣣
ڝbվȴ޷ٶһȴźǿ
ôˣ
ΧһƬʯȺϷ߶ǧͼǰ¼꣬شҶȡơ磬ͻȻͣ½ŲʮȻһִըɢ״̬֮С
ʣʮܿҪ׻
Ǻεȵʵ
ѵĪаǿߣˣ

û뵽ᷢͻ֮£Ѿ˲ϸʥصӵԼ޷Ա
߶ǧͼҶȼꡣ
ƺһЩ
ĪаգǰСӣһֱֱߣңԶˮΧ󣬶ٶȣ˾ˣĪСϵĿռ䷨ֻΧܷӳ˵Ŀռٶȣ
뵽Īа¶һЦݣȻģСӲһֱΧȦӣ¿ʰ㣡
˲ϢʮĪа񡱷һһղͬ
СΧӹĵطӡӣ
Īаǰ
գ뺣֮ĺܽһĵ֮ϡ

γɹâͻȻ֣Ҷȡơӿռɳ
ɿʱͻȻĪаΧֻ󣬱Ϳ͸ǵֶΣһͶǻ𣿡
⣡ܣ
Ҷһ԰סơҲëһֱΧȴʲôӰҲûС
˶ʱ׹ӼƣҶ߶ߣԼǧͼһ괩ȥ
ͻͻͻ
һƣѸײڶ֮ƣȻʧһ̣ǰǳâ˲飬Ҳظ߿֮С
Сӣ콣ҵģɣ
Īаǰ֣һָҶȵüģӳֵ֣Ҷȡơ޷ӦָѾҶȵǰ
㲻ɱ
Σһ̣֮䡣
һϤɭϵͻȻҶԱ֣֮ХһƸ͵Īа
˼
Īаı乥ָһһָӡâľƣ¡һƾͱָӡ˲顣
ۡ
һӰ֮Ǳ߿ա


2187 
˭ǣ
ĪаɱָۿҪɱҶȣͻȻӿֵĪаȥҶȡơӹ١
˷׷׺治ѣ𵴿ռ䡣
ǵǱӰȻĪаĶ֣ʵҲǷǳ˵ģĪа֮£ܻ֤ǿ
ҶͫȻŴֶʮ
벻ͬʱҲò
֮һˣʮ
ʮܵˣֳ֮һᣬƳһĪаɫ֮Ǽɵ
ûж࿴Ҷˡ
ΪҪְң
ʱҶУһʺţ֮䣬ʮΣգĪаʵҶ벻ͨ
ԲΪʮʥءһЦָֻɫ
ĪаƯڿУδʮ֣ͬҲδҶȳ֣ôСĿռ䣬ʮҶȡơ磬ӹ׷ɱƬ̣Ƭռ䶼ᱻ
ˣʮԼҶ˶һԲӦ״̬֮£һĪажҲӦ
һ֮Īа񵭵Ц֮һ벻߽λȴӵԪʼñĿ࿴ϲңԶˮ򣬸ϲһ׮һ׮
ǰȫһΨҶơ
űʮ뱾ΪУעֻ·һֻһѡ񣬳ΪǿߣСС½Сǿ򱶣
ʮۺ԰׷ɫ𽥻ָĿʱҶȡơϣˣҿԿǣ
ĪаĿͬһ㣬ͶҶȣǣܣʵ㣬Խ½ƫƧˮ򣬾Ϊһ˶
û
ȻûˣǸ㣬ȻȽ˲ţȷ㣬һ㣬ҲֲСһˣбõı˭赲ֻ·һ
Īа˵꣬Ȼһռֱ飬ʮɱȥ
ռȫ飬Χʮ·Ҳвռ֮ĪаһȫԽ
ҪɱңԼɱˣúúÿǿǣ
£ʮ˲Ҫſռ䣬֪üģͻȻӿһȻ⣬֮УȻӿһ𹬡
ǡ
ʮҪſռ飬֮ʣĪаǽ𹬣ͻȻһץռȻʮҲױ֮޷ٶһ£üͷŵĽ𹬣ͷųƣȻֵ֮ܵ
֪ʲôϣܷŹһʮ˵ӱ֮쳣ʹࡣ
ǽ𹬡
һ߿գҶȡơˣ׼ץסĪаʮֻᣬûߣ֪ʮȻֵܵĪа
һֱӽ𹬣Ҷ򿴲ǽ𹬵ͷΨ·ȷǽ𹬵
ô
ĪаƯڰգò˵ĸ֡
ȻҲ¶϶Ŀ⡣
ǽһʮǿߣ
֪ΪγΪˣǷߵԵʣԪǼ˷Ȼкܴ壡
ǻȻı飬תΪڨڨЦ

ǽ𹬾ȻţҶȡơ綼ǷߣԪָķߣʮˣȻ˳
Īаδɫ仯׵ˡ
ʮſҶˣȻңˣֻһߣһڹ֮ǰķߣ
ѷգƬĵأǷ߷֮Ϣ֮أԪһйϵɣСӣ
ĪаְĿҶȡơϣֲϵϢһЩͬһʱδ뵽ԭҲǷߣԪڹ״̬£Ȼз̤磬Ϣ紫Ȼ󲨣
ϣ¿ķϣһ·ʮȻĪа

ĪаĬˣĬʮһţһҶȡơҲð麹
ΣķߣǾ޴ҲߴԪڼ٣Ҳһ첻һ죬ձɵڻǸҪ𣿡
ߣ̫Сˣ߳½ĴڣһĻҲκα񣬲֪жٱնɱԣڱǰͲǸ
ʯ䣬ĪаŭХһȻĳһƣʮռ䣬ͻͻͻؿʼ顣
ӣ
һ߼䣬ʮȫȼջ棬Ȼ߶ü֮ǰĽ𹬡
𹬶ȻͷųӲӵĹɹ⣬âǴĹɹ⣬緢һɹʮ
䣡
ռ֮ͷŵķ־治ײͬʱõ𹬷ʮȫʧָж֮߶Ӵ۵ȼâ
Ǳߣȣ
ڶ˶֮ʣҶȡơ̫ȥʮԸĪа񣬿֪˵ˣٶˣҲĪа֣ߣʮ˵а취
ǵжԼ뷨ĪаԤϣ˸ոձǳâʱΧռ侹ȻΪһռ䣬ֻ޾ĺҲ޷һ£Ҷȴ߶ǧͼҲȫ𲻵ã·ʧȥϵ
ߡ־棬ŲҴ߶ߣһĪаʣҪ군ˡ
ǡ
ɹ֮Уʮ·ҲϣҶˣܼʱҵᣬӳƬռ䣬ĪаƿأһǺɸֵ̾Ϣ顣
ȣǹȵ
ǧͼȻ޷߶Ҷ̾ϢơҲ޷һ£Ҫ֪ǿɶӵʵ
ʵȴڳԽġͨ£ȫûз֮
벻һķߣͷһĻɣ
һĪа֮Ȼһʱ޷ԸͷŵķĪа
ʮԳһݸеİϣһӣ
ΪûλĪаȻҪǽ𹬣߶ǿ
ȷûˡ
ڴʱĪа֮ǰǸľֹ·𴥶𹬵ߵ־֮УȻһңԶһԪʼ񣬾ȻΣЩС֣ȻǾͿͨƱķ
ˣ
ʮϵȫ
ˡ
ǿߣδ˵һ֣ǽͻȻΪһɹ磬ʮС
𣡡
Īаɹ磬һӡַ
䣡
һʱɹ磬һζ֮ɹȻʮһģԵþȡ
ǿߵ
ĪаüӵȷǱ𺳵
ϴԭ罫ȥͶǺ֮УҶȡơֻԴУĿħһ⡣
Ҷȴҡҡͷܻȥ˵ɣ
䡭
˱ĿʱȽͻȻܵһ


2188 ڝb
ĪаĺȣͻأһҶȡơ׷Ѫ
˭뱾ΪУ
Īа취նɱʮǿߵķ뵽Ȼڰз
âȡ㣬Լͷģ
һӰſռһ֮󣬴ǹȺһ֣һ޴Ӱ
âǿߣ
˫ͫ־ϲɫҶԼƣ̫ˣкͷӳȥĻոпܣ
ҶһɨӿֵߴӰŹȽ磬ҲܸӦͷδĪаĹȣʮǶӦöĪаĶ֣һϷˣ
ϴѪһٺ٣ûлᣬҾʹ߶Ѫ˵ӳȥǽѵĪаҲ⣡
ʱһЦţʼ̯֮ģֻľȻ˸һѪâ
Ѫ棬ǿƣΪǿĴ֮һȻǾһԶԸκԪʼ
ֻ΢΢߶̵ˣҪǽѪֻҪǴͷӦòῴΣǷİɣʱ򿴰ʰĪаӣ̵ģ̤δ׷ֻ
һڨЦʱĥĥģֱȵħҪ£ʲôûñȡ
Щұˣ
ĪаٹʮֶΪߣǿĹʣĪаĿֱϣλԪʼⷽңԶˮȷһͷֺɱ˲٣
ʿɲǻģâɱĺֵܣҹʲܷŹ㣬ɱ
ͻȻһΧһͬˢˢطɳĪаɱ
߽λ񣿡
Īаδϳ֣쳣ƽҲգΪ࣬ҲӦɱ壡
䣡
߽λʱ֣һââһ·Ƭˮʼ״̬
ˮ飡
߽λʵ̫ˡ
·
âҪĪаԼƬռ䣬֮ʣĪаٿһĳ
ꡭ
ͷռͻȻ飬Ȼѣֶʱ׷źһ飬Ǿ޴Ȼſռ飬һͬ޾֮С
Ⱦǣ
һ̣ͷʷ
Īаʵ̫ǿˣ̵ģ߽λ񰡣һи
һĻƶΪ֮һ
ϧͷʬ壬ǵõĻ
ƺֳͼˣδ˿ҡҡͷҶȣ߽λӵжô˼ǵõ̶ʱ䶼̤ߵĸ߶ȣ

ձһ󲽣˦ұۣͷӣҪһ̣ұ۵վһâٿһ£˲סһͷұۡ
æץסһ֮ǿߣǿա
ͷڽ֣ʮѾ١
Ҷȵƣ׼߶Ѫѹȴһӣûߣȥǰ취ʮԼͷǣĪа񣡡
ٺ٣뿴ϷģȻˡ
ʼ磬ЦЦ֮Ļ˸һâ
һȥɣ
ȫͷգĪаȻᣬһĳʱĿռ俪ʼ顣

֪ܵΣյĹʣͻȻջâ߿һĪаһ۵âһ񽣡
СҲóۣϣҲ㽻֣Īаֻﶯұۡ
âԼ񽣣žžžϱ𿪡
һλԪʼߣĹȴĪа׾ٷ׷𿪣ѵĪаʵǿ˲ŵĵز
ߣ
Ȼģַһɱ˫ۣͷѲ֪ķ֮УԶʧ
֮УͻȻ򱳺ĹȽ磬ĳһƣһѪâһ»йȽ硣
ۣ
ĪаѹƹһͻȻ벻һĻˣûܵκι״̬£ĪаȻһһѪ
Ŷ
ɹʮ˫ۡ
Сӣ
ĪаæĺȣֻҶȡơˣһһɴСĿӷɳǳâ£ʼա
Ȼ𿪱ĹȣȻֻǱܣĪаæӡȻȣͬʱҲ𽥻Ϊһ˼ĺ
ɱãлᣡ
Ҳ벻Īа񾹻ˣۿĪа֮ʣæץһɣĪаһȥ
Ҷȡơ硭Ƿߣǽ̤
ͬʱҶȡơʧʮ֮¶ЦȻ߶ɹ⣬ûһ޳ᣬԦ֮ʮҲƿնȥ
߿֮Уֻʣ¹һĻӳҪûĪаǿնɱ
֮УڴǧͼԼںϵ״̬£ҶȡơշУƵʵϴȥģ
Ȼ뿪ԶƬˮ򣬲뿪֮ǰǵÿĿǰҲ֪ʲôӣϣǿߣţ
ӦȥʱȻĪа֣ĪаҲӵ콣Ȼǻ׷ɱģʱ䣬ȥһˣȻǾ˵е½ȥ
ͬҶȵ뷨
Ҷȱ߶ǧͼȥ
յʮ
߿֮ϣǳֶ֮ҶȡơƿնһۿյʮʱʮȻڲϵݡ֮С
һɽһƬƬɭ֡Լƽԭʱڲϵرըؼ䶯һЩ˵ĳǳأű̼֮ͻΪƬȻˮ֮ϡ
ʮڻ֮С
һĻҶȡơ嶼ֱ֪ʧȥˣշٵʮȻ
֮һ׷ս
׷ʮҪúܶ࣬Ȼ֮УδֻΪսΪƽأŽŽȻҲڱ֮С
һҲûС֪ҡҡͷʧԺʥأҲ˸顣
ϴʱ䲻ˣ߰ɣ
һȣǿ
߶ǧͼ뿪ʱҶͻȻӦʲô˫ͫĿ⣬˲Ӱ֮ĸ߿ա
׷׿ȥʱ¶ЦݣΪƬ߿գǼڝbԼʮâͷȻĪаţƯڸ߿һ
Ҫһݴ񰡣ڨڨЦ
羪ϲЦ֪£Īаĸ֣ûüնɱڝbȾͷЩǿߣҲ֪Ϊβնɱڝbʲôͻ״
ӦԼͷйϵʵ̫ǿˣĪаڵ£Щ֣ԼǿߣѡһʱߣʮŽĻӦþǹʳ֣ûüڝbһ˼ѰĪа񱨳ˣǱǣ
Ҷ˷ܵش߶һӡ
ˣ
˲Ϣڝbڵĸ߿գδֳҶһ˲ϢڝbԼһ֮ͬС


2189 ͻ
˭
ڝbԼͷ˵ǻڴӪȣһ̣ǰһڣ·޾ա
էȻ䣬ڝbΪþˡ
Լһǳâ֮У޷ӦκϤڝb;鲻̫ԾͻȻʼ
κǳȴһֱûκζ
ϧ֣޷Īаķӡʵһ֣ǧͼ˲ˣΪԼѱҶ˲Ϣǧͼ֮С
ϴһЩʵֻ߲٣
ռٷУԶڝbǿ
ڝbҲ̫ˣҪ֪·ɱĪа񣬺ò׵ȵǵУ
һԶֻǲ֪Īа񣬺ʱ׷ɱ
ҶȺȻ뵽ʲôԶ׵ǿܷʥصǿȡϵ
˵֮ǰ뵽ⷽ棺ϴѸӦˣ̫ʥҴߣ뼸ʥأһͬˮԶպúʥҲУֻʥʱû䣡
ʥЩҲˣΪ˶ܺǿߵĿӣϢʱϵ
Ȼ̫ʥءʥضû£ʥӦҲû£дʯʧããգѰ˼Ҫȥη
ˣ֮ǰһֱҪȥѰƵĶˣھƬңԶˮ
ܿУ˴㣬޷ȥҲԶˮ򣬹ؼҪǿʵڝbҲ£ҲѰҵ纺ľ䡣
˻ӱץߣҲ֣֮âˣ֪нƳƵ־Ҳ֪һƵϢҵ⣡
̫Ϥˣ¶ҪΪ˻ӽԼȵǿߡ
ǽԪ֮УӵƵ־ֻҵ۷뻢ڣԽԶԽһݰȫ
أ
ˣ֮аȫǰţ˶δӦκΣǶҶȼͷޣͻȻ˽
ѵ
˼ͬʱգΪǶ˽ޣȻǷʲô⶯Ϣ˷Ӧ

գһâ֮дǺâ֮УȻɱڵĪа
ÿ죡
һĦȭƵģֻţҲȥĪа֡
ĪаͬʱҲˣٶȲϼӿ죬һԪʼٶȻԽ
ϴٶȲټӿЩ𣿡ۿĪаԽԽͷ麹ƸվסˣҲʮּɵĪаɱ˲գ۵Ůħͷ
ٿ죬ѾԶ뺣֮ģǧͼδ¼Ƭˮֻܷ꣬УܴĪаٶȣҪ׷ǣҲҪһʱ䣬ǵ취
Ӧһ֮Ҷ֣˽֮УããˮϿգˮٷɳ۶ȥ
ʮ֮
Īа磬ˮ߿գһɨǰֻϣñĵ˵زץסǣǰǻ˲ɣ
׷ȥ
ʮ
󲿷ѱΪһƬ޾ˮ
ԪľӪԭʮԴȣȻͻԪʼ񡭡
һǱӰʮϷĪаֵʮһ֮е絶ʡ
û°ɣ
Ȼ䣬һ֮һˮ£ˮ֮зӶֳݡ
ʮԱߣĵΪҶߣֵø˴ۣĻҲ߷ˣ
ʮ󣬳ĬƬ̣ŵϼԪܵϸԪܴ֮ܵӰ죬Ҫ߼룬ʵҶȡơʮҾڰйעǵʣʷϣδֹģÿڶ޷ܣǳħ췣֮۶õԺǱﵽεȵĸ߶ȣ
Ԫδϵƺ㣬ʹ뿪֮ʣԪȥǡѾ㣡
֮£ҶǷߣҲǷߣһѪʵҲȫΪҲΪɽ磬̤磬˵ӵ¿İ취ҲһоǣΪһ죬¿ܵԪɽˣܷ磬ҲѵǸˣӦϢȻǿߣδѰңҲδ֪ͨң֤ѰСС
ҵ꣬Ͻʱʮ֮УĵҲֻҵˣȥҾȥ
棬Ҫлл㣬ĳ֣ڵж״̬̲ǣǽնɱҸΪ˶㣬ʵ󲿷ֶǶҲ뿪ܲǸδ֪Ҳ֪ټǵ˻ѣ
֣ǰǵˣɱһֳΪѣЩƣֻ׷ĺģûкδ㣿
ͻԪʼϣܰƬĵصĵԴںϣһܰٷְٳΪԪʼȻ󡭡ȥڴˣҶȡЩϵĴڣձػٴγԺ˵ɣ
ʮһͷ뷨棬Ҳͬˣ޻˵
ˡ
˵ʲô˫ͫͻȻһ⡣
ףʮ˵ƺһҲİʵĪ춯
ۣ˲ʮǿߣڱһʮǿߣһ˵Ϊ࣡
֮ǰɱâǻǿߣʮϼʵ
ǣһˣҲˣԴϢʿ
ˣôܻʮ񣿶޷Ӧȥ֪ˣ棬ȻԷΪҲ࣬Ҫ֮УѿԪʼ񣡡
Ϊҵĵ֮أҲҵĵ
֮ӿһ֮⣬ɲǰˣʮ
ʱʮŽĽ֮С
ʮǿߣƿնһǺۣҴǿɱͷ˾м
Ƿӡķ̳ˣ
䣬ʮǿһƬɽϷһڱ֮ͬڣ
м·ӡֻͻͻһɽ룬ȻһƬ״ķӡ
ǿߣͬʱɽһɽϣϣȻʮףʯ
мϰѷӡȻģһʮʵ壬˴ӶӰȣƻͿЩʵ壡

ʮʯףͻȻּʯƣ̾ôһ۵ϴѾò࣬Ҳӵʮͷ
뿪ùԼǸŮͷɱ
ӡ֮󣬽мͷһͷ׷
ø״̬棬뿪ͻԪʼٻʲô·
ͬʱϵףҲʧȥѰһĶ¡


2190 һǿ
ããˮ
ӣ
һƬδ֪ˮ򣬾âʮңԶκνʯȺԼ죬ֻӿȵĺ

Īаӿռһӳ߿ֻһˣʱǰʲôҲûеĸ߿գͻȻһָ
¡
߿ͻȻ飬ͬʯƬ׷鿪һϡԱߣһǳâǱ
Сӵʲôͣ˻ѲҲ޾Ƶģ
Īаʧǳâֱӷռ֮Уǰǳâ׷ȥٶȱҶ˻Ƶġ
ӣһ·׷ᣡ
ƻͷһƳħȼա
Ҷȿɼʯʵʹ״̬֮Уһֱ߶ǧͼԼߣѾ
Ҳͷƣ׼ٴζѪѾֲ˶ãѪѾȥ·
ٺ٣͵ϴҸõطӺһˣааЦǸģʵڵȲҪĪаÿ
Ȼͨ޵У֮УҲҪܵơ⼸СӣҲȽƻܷŹǣ
ѾҶ˲׾룬׾ĪаԣѾԷգκͨҪܵѹƣڲ׷š
׾룬˫죬ĪаŰѾΪס
ʱ䣬˫Ѿ֪ңԶˮմٶȣǴﵽ˵е½Ҳпܵġ
ˮѾܽˡ
Ҷһֱƻ·ǰţĿĵǺԼҪȥҵƶʵǿ֮ȥջҪѰ½ڡ
ΪʵǣĪа󻼣ܽѪնɱãɱԶ׷ʹ
ʱҶȽӡǳâʼ֮Уƶְɣһ֣ֱӶ֮УǵϢ
Ѿ̯ģһѪâڲϵ˸
ֻϣٸκλᣬǿԪʼͨ׹ȣ
ĪаҲڵȴᣬҶ˽磬ôƲչֳֻŽ磬һâ
ˡ
ˮ߿գոֶҶˣ󷽾Ȼһµļžռ䣬ռ˱Ϣ
ӣסүү
ۿ˾ҪٴνͻȻĳơ
䡭
һѪâͬռһͬȻͰǼžռ䣬ײþһζȻը
ըͬʱҶȴ߶ǧͼڱըڻ£׼֮С
ء
Ҫɹ֮ʱòȡĻᣬȻٶȣӳĪаƿأ֪ͻȻֽһ
ͻȻ£˷һ˵ĸ߿գÿǶظ֣ɣ
ˣ
˫ͫѪͫȻһҲ߿ա
Ȼֱܷ𣿡
һͳպƬ߿գ־̾Ůǿ߶δֱǾȻԣ

߿һһӰֶƵԲδжӰ죬Եʮƽȡ
Ӱʵһֻʮ˾ӢȻָ߿գһ˫ͫһֱҶȡ
ɻɨɨ꣬Ҷ磬Ҳ´һֱڰ꣬ϴѪӦ˴Ϊһ߽λԪʼ쳣ǿڻһɺص
һ߽λԪʼ񣿡
Ϊ֮һ̫ͻأˡ
֮ǰ˵Ԫʼ񣬾ǶԣǸ߲ʵĴڣʮеǿߣͻȻ䣬Ԫʼһֳ
ƫԶˮ
Ǵˣ
껹֪ΪζʱĪаͻȻӱըռ䣬һ߳ȻûˣҪ֪ƿǽѪδ˵Īа
Īаһ˫ͫ͸޺꣺ǵ콣ӵߣ
ƺ꣬ݵصͷ
Ϊ콣
ҶȻȻ򣬳Ҳ⣬Ϊ콣ǰԪȻΪ콣
콣ʲôǵĵط
Īа㶼Ϊ콣Ҫ˭б£⼸Сӣᣬ·ԶЦ
㻹֪ţˣ
ⷬĪад󾪣ϵûжٶݣ̾շҹ벻ӵе콣ǿߣǳˣѲ
ҶѵõǿߣǹõҪ죬ҲҪ죬콣ֻһ˵õ˭ܳɹ͵ÿԵĵУ
γƺܵĵˣҲñ֪˭ĪаĬƬ̣ͻȻʵ
¡ԪСһ´Ӷ½Ӧһ䡣
Ԫ
ĪаҶͬʱס֡

ԪȻһͷһâҶȡ
ڱǰóѣ
ĪаֶһâʱԪͷŵâײһһʱ䱬ײƣֱӰѸ߿˺÷飬ԪĪа˺һ˼æҶλá
˺ѿռ䣬ֻƬҶ˵Ӱӣ

һ̣ĪаԪͬʱ·ˮ棬ֱ˴˶һͬˮ棬յˮ棬һν֣ƬӶһӾˮ·ˮ綼顣
ÿµ
̫ˣ
ˮҶȡơѾˮУ̧ͷϷֵ˺ѿռ䣬ˮӿ֮Уŵö޷
ɭɭĴŭȭͷ߬ÿ֨֨죺үүģ´ѪһúýѵĪаԪѪ͸Ըǣ
Ѫ̫ǿˣӵӣջⳡΣԸĪаԪÿԼ
Ҷ֮ǰ֧ȥܿͽ뺣֮УȻϴ뺣ȻϢˮʱĪаԪ׷ɱ
ĪаҶ̫Сˣ
ˮ羹ȻڲֻԪһӰԼĪаӰͬʱֳԪĪаһģ
ܵõ콣ˣ򵥣Īаӿɲǿж˵ʲôǰ֧׷ȥ
Ԫʼӡ֮ܵѹȣѾԿĪаշеٶȣȷ˴ġ
ϴӦ˦һξ˰ɣ
֮
ħ۵ֱϢҶȶòȥˮУ˼Ҫ͸֧
ҶնҡҡͷУûг˦ǻҪһᣬֻҪ˦֮ϢĻĪаԪ߶콣ӦʱҲҲǣһξӦþǺڵĺһƬǿϢڝbǿߵҵƵĶĶܻо˵
ͷĿԵú棺ǳԽģµ˾׬ˣڝbȺǿɶĴڣһںһͻĿǰľ磬ȰѺˣǵʵҲܴﵽӽ߽λĸ߶ȣ
ಣ
һᣬֿʼâһͬưˮĺַȥ


2191 ַ

Ҷȡơѽˮ֮УվâˮԶһӣͻȻˡ
Ԫ˵кͷ
ռ飬Ųӿˮӿ֮УԶһӰĪаΧԪ֡
ӿռ䣬ԪӰӡ
Īа񡭡½һ߽λԪʼдʵѾܾˣڴ֮УҲһ
֧磬ԪȼâֳӺ󷽵벻ƫƧˮ򣬻̫ˣҷʵԽնɱֻܾѡرȻõСӵ콣ֻҪõݽұأĪаʲô
콣ҵģǾҲҵģһõ콣һɳ죬ʱǺεţҲҪڽ£
ԪЦһˮȥ
ĪаԪͨͨ׷Ҷ֮ʣҶȡơѾңԶˮ
Ƭˮ򣬶Ժ֧Ϊ
ԳƵϴ
ϴպƬ𣿡
һ֧ˮʱƵһ뺣磬ɫĺˮ磬ɿ
Ƭ򣬲ǻںıԵڿʼ߶龻֣˵Ϣ
Ҷֶ֮һᣬҶȵ߶龻֣޴ӰҲͬʱӿơڡ
ơ綼ӵдͨߵĴڣϻ龻֣ϢȻĪ⡣
ʩչ龻ֹ֮УѸӦƶڣһξ룬ƬĵطҵƶУûʵֹ֮ͣҶȰ뷨ơӰһʧں
ʮޱߵĺˮ磬Ҳ֪ΪǺľַ
֮дɺȺЩɺͬɭְïʢں֮γһƬƬɺ硣
ЩɺУĶǱǳżģâ
ĺ磬ǳأɺȺУǳصľַɺӰӣЩǳؿɺɵġ
ɺȺܿսµĺۼ港ʴǴ״̬еĺɽƽܶطΪƽأܼһЩʬ壬Ǻʿʬ塣
ЩʬٲǺ̬еĹȺҪ޴Ķࡣ
ƬɺȺӦǺʳǰɣ
ʱһѷ绯ֻʣһЩ޴ɺĳǳȺǰǳȺޱߣƯһƬɺȺ֮ϵġ
ϧǳֻʣһЩʯɺȺҲΪ˷绯̬
ˡ
ֻҶ˫ͫȻǰϽ¶ϲƶ쵽ˣ
ٴٶȣǳȺǰһƬˮɽɽ󲻾ãͬҲһǳأҶȵĿӳǳһɽ
ɽ֮ϣҶٴθӦһȻ߶Ӥδ˿֮£ơ͸ʯ㣬³Լ·һƬ׳۵Ļ硣
۽γɣ磬׹ҽ֮У˲ᱻ
öϴ˵ҪĻڻٶȣһΪΣգһѰƶλá
һЩҽʯȻΪʯǻϵʯǽڱ㣬ҲΪʯ״̬
γ̫ˣһʶΪʯ״̬
ЩΪƷƷʯЩΪӵлϵԴıԴֱһȻء
ʱ֮󣬳ͻȻ˫ͫӿȼħ棬ֺǺǵЦ̨滹н磡
ǰȻҽ֮ϣһɫļ̨̨֮ƯһϣҺ޶Ľ硣
ȻƵĵӦ˵Ƭ磬ĵ

Ʈ̨һʱż̨ģ̨ȻһԵģվ֮Уͷſ죬·ϷĽ磬ʵɶ칤
˲ϢҶȾʹӼ̨֮УܵƵϢ֮УƵϢǿңǳ޷ӦΪûӵҶ֮ǰƵϢ
ط治֮£ϢʱڣǸԪҵǣ
ٺ٣պǿڴȥͻƣʵ뿪ҲһèӮǣҲаաڨڨЦ
ΧѰһ˵ʲôҪ絹ǲѣѾڲŪ˿
˲ӡͷųƵԼΪһ⣬ʼӴ磬СķȼյĻռѰ
ˣ
ҶӴ֮˫ڿʼһʱڻռڣֱΪ硣
Լ㹦֮󣬳ջʯԼһЩص̨ͬʱҶҲ˫һϣǰһͨ
ಣ
˳û֮ͨУ̨ΧԼϢ˲ʧֻһûĽ硣
գۼ䣬ҶȡơȫһĿռ䡣
Լߣ״̬Χһռ䣬˿֮⣬ǰƺƯһɽ
ط̫˼ˣ粻ԶȥҲʧǰգ
ϿɽԼ뷨ΧҲȲǸӸ߼
ҶҲͬռ䣬ȷģҲźżһͬ绯
ɽϿգ˷׷׾ޱȣһɽǻռ֮УҲ˵ҪѾɽ뺣磬ٴ磬մռ䣬ɽ޴󣬼ƶɲǳġ
ɽ֮ûϢԼɽֻһ壬Լ壬֮ϣһαĳǱȻĿ⡣
һǱǰ΢΢ΧװΡ̣޷׵ģҲʱʱڵ֮С
ƿţһտϵĴ֮Ƴǰ
δ룬ǹϷһƯ򣬱ķӡţǾֹģƿţϵķӡ΢΢
ӦƵ־׵
˳ĬƬ̣Ȼս룬ӾˣӡҲΪģ·Χ
ͻȻϲ¶̰Ŀϴ㿴౦ȼıӦΧԪʼ
ĪҶ־ȽӴпܴ߶ƣд鷳ˣĪаԼԪǿͨ˿𶯣ǶܸӦ
Ҷȼæֹһ֪ж޷죬ɲֽڹϣǳ鷳
ϿҲѴ˽ò࣬˵ﴦĻû
ġװΡһЩıԼʶģÿһǱеı
ƣһˮߣΪλںƫԶ֮У
ǰʱҶȵϼӿ죬̫ɻ֮ϣͨܵõ𰸡


2192 
ơ缴ֹҶȶԿҴҶΧӿ·ȼƵģ˲Ϸʼһζ
ˡ
գۼ䣬һ֮ӿʼΪһ״⣬ӿǵӿ֮С
漴ӴγһԵҺֻܿΪһ⣬Ӱ¶һס
һӲӵĴ멣֮ƣһۣâĺ۶ǰˣ˼ޣ˸һׯʥ
룬ûˣƣ
ǿϢƲһ񣬿һΪߵ񡭡
ܵƵϢ뵽ʱһĻǴﵽµķҶҲΪˣӦҲһﵽ۷Ĵڡ
ӴʱϢȻһ񣬼壬ʵﵽεȳ̶ȣǲ
ߣպˣȻҲǿߣΪƫƫƵĶδâȻƵʵͨ졣

ƻ۾ͬʱ󷽵Ѿʧ֮У˫ɲǣͫµĳ
գơʱ׼ŻͻȻ״Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Ǻεȵ
ƿλ꣬ӣȴ޾ɣĿһۣҶȵϣõ
ȷˣҶӦ
㡭
ҶȸտڣҶȵƽĿ⣬ͻȻӿһ𾪣㡢Ѫ֮УΪ崿
ΪʿƳܸӦҶϣӵϢ֮⣬ҲܸӦҶԾõ
꣬ں϶ģİƣҶȻѾԼ޸֪
ȻԵˡ
΢΢һ̾
ʱҶֻ纺İΣҪҵ纺Ҳȴ˽Ϊλԭ򣬵ȭкܶɻ֮ϣǰܽ󣡡
ɢΪľǵȴԵ˵ȻΪȥһ¡Ȼ⣬ʰɣʱ䲻ˣΪԼ֣Ĳٶ־þҪʧȥ
ǰΪλ𣿡
ҪΪܴͣ󣬵ҪǷΪӪ̾½塢Ϣˮ֮еĴ塢Լ壬磬γһδս뽨½̲½أһƬͬʱҲҪһɴ壡
˿δͣ٣ΪҶȵܣԪ뾡취ʾ֭ҪԷΪİĻҲɴ˶ˣԪ֮ǰڵĴ壬ȻӵϢϢҪ˵оһԸıˮƵر
Ϣ֮󣬺ҲǰŰɣҵΪʿΪԪʼں֮УλҲԪʼҪߣʱҲǸҰףǲǳʲôˣҹʱһᣬĺܴҲûµǴ¼Դ˼ʱ䣬ﲻãҾͼ˺ر
رһɲǣҾͱסˣǼرȻɵش塢ˮ򣬺ʿ뱦֮Уһˮ򣬾Ͳܺƣ֮ˣŷʱҾԤĳһ죬رȻܺƣɱ֮УһҺһͳˮ򣡡
Ҳǵر̫ܣн䱸Ҳˣڲ֮âȻһǿߣ͵Ϯ˴Ԫʼ񣬶һ͵Ϯתۼ䱻Ϊƽأâɱһʿɱһ𣬶ҲʮֲסʵϣǿߣҵᣬǼرȥ壬ǿߣֲԪʼΧ䣬ǼرҲ֪ȥ򣬵ⶴۼ֮󣬲֪Ѿܶˣ
ʱ֪棬ܿͻΪǼر췭ظı仯һرУһоرܣͻرȻɱ񺣣࣬ˣĻ𣬴¾ӵģܸңâԼΧڽʱ䣬д
渵֮ͻȻҶʳһ⡣
Ҷȹֵǰҵɽķߣżǧ꣬Ļ֪̫飬â֮һֱưⷽˮҲûֺĴ£
Ƿߣˣ￿һڷӦвٰɣԪȥʵӦҲǿ󣡡
ǰѵ֪ϸԪ֮ĩѾգֱڶʮַյģָˣ
ˣ
һȻ֪ݵ£ļ䣬ںڵʱڡ
Ĭһ֮ſڣݣܣϹŴս֮಻ܣͨдרŸݵģ緢˴£ֻЩܣ˽Ϊ
ҶҲ̾ʵˣգɽˣ˰Ԫ֮ãһֱͨЩ̤磬߳Ĺ
һ࣬˿δŪϸ˫ԻͷҲڷĥеɡ
ҺϵƵģھ͹ģоǼرȥ
ǰǼرʲô
رر
ҶȶһҲİ涾ż֮УʯϹᵽʲôرҲͬһ
һȻԸıˮľƣľ棬ʲô
ȻԵˣҲΨһܼ֮ˣҾ͸㣬㿴
Ʋδԥ˵֮΢΢ػӶұۣȻָ̯ĴһԲεĽɫâ
ǡ
ɫâֻ̬Ҷһ
Ҳ̲ס𺳵ǽâ̾ⲻ𣿡
ǣ
֮еĽɫâڰγһԲΣһŽεԲ壬ҶȡơһҲİ纺رǡ
Ҳǣ̤磬ڻпܣɽ֮С
ǣǼƸ⡣
Ҷܵǣ뵽纺ɽ硢ĵεΣǼȻΪɽһλֿѣǺҴģ
ܴرǺҪ˭ƿϧһ壬ˣץסҶȵ˫ۡ
ʱҶȸоʹӦ纺һ˫ͫ
Ҷ벻ǣͻȻϲϵĲЦ纺ʥŮʥŮţ
ʥŮ
ҶҲǿһ£ȫ͸һ㣬ƾȻҲʶ纺ȴͷģΪǸ߸ϵ壬纺ֻǺһλ΢ĺʿˡ
ǾȻʶʵڳҶȵϣ˵Ҷȣĳ磬ǲģҲ޷ŵģ
оһҶȡơ磬Ҳͬƣ˷·𶼽ֱʧȥ˸Ӧ


2193 纺
žͺãžͺá
ǿɢȥһЩֵرǣǰرû֣ʱͳΪǡɣȻʥŮϣҲͷˣȻ壬ܻضǺǿǣľͨ
벻纺ʶҶУ⣺ɽģʱԺ޼䣬ֱ̤磬һָ䣬ֻϧ
ʥŮ
ǰãâץסڻ֪䣡
ʥŮرҲ
ǰиıƵҪԣ
ҶһʵƳĬƬ̲ŵȻ뺣Ϊͬ໥ƣܿƣһһһͳˮʵһԽ࣬ôλҲᱻֻ̳ϧ֣֮Щĵ£ջǾ
ʱͻȻҶȣϴ벻ɩǼ˷ͬ죬Ϊǣ棬磬ֿɴ뺣ǺһǵĻݺˮҲͨǣ棬صɽ磬ҪǣǵõǣҲһɻصɽ磬Ѵ˴磡
ҶȻشⷬǾ֮ɫǲܴƷյĹ̤磿
ǣǣȿܻɽ磡Ҷ׵
ҪСˣҰļ󣬺ǰ͸ɽ֮Уգɽˣ
ȷⷽĿܣ
㻹û⣬ϣܰﱾһ£ʵҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ
Ȼ£ʹǰԵᾡΪ
Χ׼κδͷųȥѺرϢʱݻش壬ϣΪһˣٶȣϢȥ
УᾡΪǰ˵֣ĪǵǺıΪ
âֻԪʼ񣬼ʵ࣬ǣᳯϦЩֺǿ󣬼Ԫʼʮˣ
ǲһ֯
âҶȺ뵽һò֮ǰͻȻʧҶȻһֱ֪ǵ䣬ؼǵĿġ
Ͳȷ֮ǰâɱʿˣȳʥŮ𣿡ͻȻҶȡ
Ȼ룡ҶȲ˼ش
ǱʵΪԼԱλ˵Ϊ̫ˣǻпܾȳʥŮ
֪ǰкν飿
رҴ˵ش󣬾úƿأҲС£ϣܾȳʥŮҲܶرΪʵڲܣʥŮԼرȻᱻľͷƿأǶԪʼĴڣܴԪʼͷ£ȳʥŮ
Ҷնͷܣ
˵ϣϣǾ춯ȥ壬ϢߺͷʱͷȻʥŮԼر
ԭˣлǰ⣡
Ҫ죬ʥŮܿܡܻ֣ܿܺΪʥŮݣǺ֮Ĵڣһ֪ݣɱͻ뾡ӣҲϣϧһдۣҵ⿪رܣ
ʥŮкݣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷʶ纺ݲ򵥣֪һС
ڣʥŮ֮纺ʥŮҪΪǺ֮壡
֮壿Ҷͬʱһ
֮壬ͬ壬պ󾫻ĴڣΪԵص㣬Ǻ֮壬һ˫ͫں纺ʱͱסˣһƫƧȻᵮһ֮壬ʱͨ˽ҵ֪纺ŵûжãҲδ֪Ϊ壬λں֮УΪģ֮壬뱾ȼĴڣӳԽЩͨʿΪ֮õľˣͨУܳΪ˵֮УΪǿġ񡯣
Ȼ֪˵֮У絮֮ޱ޼ʵģһǿߣǴ˵еĺǿԶ޷ģԼ壬һֱ˵񽫻ڶຣ֮纺һ֮壬Ǿúƴ𣿡
ǰѴڵλø֪ᾡϹȥ
ʵڵȲȥˣ벻纺ڲͬݣҶڲȻףΪεɽ磬һμ纺һ̣;һݵԼζ
ҶȵԵúż
Ҫһȣֱۡ
Ȳã纺˼ԼģҶɫ֮к֮
ҪȣǶҲҪȣΪΣΪڵΪҪȥ壿Ľʱ䣬ǿ°궼ȥڵˮ磡
ưͻȻͷųϯˣǻ޵ֵ֮Ƿģڵ걾˸˼֪ر¹ش׼Ҳ޷Щ뾡취Ҫ֪Ĵڣڵȵǡ걾Щ֮ٳɣ
𣬿Ǹ߽λԪʼͷ׷ɱǿܾâˮ򸽽ǱػҵʱӦ
̫ù˰ɣ
֪һ˿Ҳģֱ۵˵𣿵걾׼Ҳ޷âǿ߸Ӧ߽λԪʼ񣿵ȷЩ鷳аգǧڣ޷ӦǵϢ仰˵ֻǧʱ䣬ձ
лǰ
Ҷȡơ˶ʱŵģΪȡǧʱ䣬ǧʱ䣬ƵԼڝbǿʵõεȵĸ߶ȣ
ȲҪлңΪ̫ˣ֪ܲΪ£ʱ䲻ˣʣµϻתΪıʯʹűıʯȥ壬ûʯǲ˵һУǿԷģǵáֻǧʱ䣡
ˡ
ǹϵȻʧ
˱仯Ҷ˷Ӧգۼ䣬ʧˣâͻȻ̣ΪһŰƴСĽӲʯ
ʯ֮ϣӵǿ
һǿߣʱ˿̲䣬ֻһʯ
˿Ȼչӣϴǵץʱˣǧ֮ʵȻ췭ظı仯ʱȥһ˴壬Ѱɩ䣬ϴҲڝbȡļ䣬ɩȻܸˮ棡
߳һˣҪȥҸطͻ񣬳ɹ֮ٻ
Ҳգ
Ҷȵһ򣬳Ϣ磺Ǵǧͼ꣬һ߶ҿ˲ﵽȻٴδĪаԪϢҲʱҵĴٶȣͨϢʱκβǣ
СΪ֮ռ磬ҶҲ߶Ƶ򿪽Ϣ뿪
ӣ̰ѰҶһȥϴµƺڸĿռ֮У֪жˣǹǰâЩͷںˣʵҲܱǿ


2194 컯ȭڰʽ
ƣ¿ܻҪѪΪڝbʵ̫ǿȻʵ³֪Ķڵͨ޷ǿжǰľͷҲֱɱˣҲԻ֪
ٺ٣ʱҰ֮УǻҲҪѪѹϴ󣬲õǿʼѰ
˲֮Уռ֮ͻȻһɫˮأڿռ롣
ɫˮΧдģ·γһޱµķӡΪˮػߡ
ҶƼˮΧֻˮȻǾֹģЩɫˮȴǴ̬
ֻҪڣܰװ׵õǿ
ᣡ
ںµıʯ֪߶ˮصķӡ֮󣬴һӡҶȣֻһɫˮء
ˣ
ɫˮؿʼ𶯣Χķӡ˸ϵĹ漴ӡ䣬ǿҵˮ֮ͷŶҾֹˮأҲʼ˶һЩݴˮ»
ӿĴ޼ɵգü΢΢һӰܿ˾ͱɫâ֡
ᷨӡ֮ҶҲһ࣬ҲŹ˻ᣬ߶ˮӿ֮ȫ·𶼿챻ڻƵģֻ̫һڱڡ
һƽ״̬£ҶҲ飬ͷһ񸮣ֶ̫ۡ顢۵˽һ̣µڷͷ̾
벻ŷ磬Ψһʶ磬ô졢ͻȻͻս֮С
ҶôҼڷУҲóԼҲû뿪񸮣֪Ҷȱǿ׷ɱԸڷ񸮡
ͬʱҲĵūԼУھҹҹǺܾˣԼȴѴﵽ۷壬Ǵ󲿷ֶ̤ʥ񾳽磬ھ磬ΪѴﵽ߽λʥ
Щ飬Ҷȼʳ񵤣Ŀǰ״ָ̬ʵ֮ȥڝb
ϻָץ۾ʮȥ
ϢѾ̤ڸϻ;Уûãͻع鶴֮УҶٴμ磬ƳʵǶѾͬһ߶ȡ
Ҳ£һͬµ
µȻҶ˻һλˮ㹻Ŀǰá
֪굯ָ
ƾҪȫָʱʼѷһ飡
ҶȾͿҪָץסʱ䣬ʼԼͨ
ξԼĪа׷ɱˣһҲҪʧ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬һ벻Ԫ
ҶԪֻڷӡ񣬾Ȼһ̫âݲҶȷӦԪġ
컯ȭڰʽ
ֻɨģҶȾͼüæеģԭƬģȻ컯ȭڰʽġ
컯ȭͣڵʽֻأѾкܶˣԽڰʽҶķֻ֮ĪĹϵ
̫Ĺȥ²ϷҪӤҶȶ콥컯ȭڰʽ벻ʱ˿̣ڰʽ׾͵ͻƾʱҲʱ̡
컯ȭǿ֮ͨһǸʱڣȻĴڣÿһжǿޱȡ
ҶʼϸϸƷζڰʽģǸҪʼʱ֪ΪΣͷȴӿʥһĻĻ
ѵ
˼ά屾ȥƵģҶҪĶ֮ʣȻȴӿһĻĻĻ棬ѵɺϣ
Īڰʽϵɣ
ȻˣҶʱעʥĻ֮ϣʥػ֣Ҷ̫ζǼعػʥأһĻʹҶȡ
ʥزϱ֣γɵռ֮һһֵɡ˺ѣһ̣ʥضɱİգҲʥػʧ
ʥضҶȶԣ岻ԶΪʥأŻعФĪˡӦ顢ȵҶȵԼɳ̫ˡ
ֳʮŽĻ棬ر顢ռ˺ѡˮ࣬𽥳Ϊˮ򡭡
һжǻʮҲ𣬶ҲΪƽأǷ档
ˣ
Ҷ봥֮ʣֹģͻȻҶǰ趯Ϊһ̫âöҫۣıǷֿģȴڴʱϵںϣںַ룬·Ԥʾʲô
컯𡭡
֪֮УҶȱһĻ𺳣뵽޵ʱ޵ڰâһĻĻȻ˫ۣͫԭ컯ȭڰʽȭǻ𣬲𣬲ĥѣ׻ʹΪͷŻϣǵڰʽİڣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶףΪ컯ȭһֱͣڵʽֻ֮ϣһֻ֮йϵķ棬Ҷδ޷Ϊ컯컯ҲԤʾŻͬҶĲһֻģ컯޷𣬾컯塣
Ҷڰʽİ֮ʣΪģȻΪһСˣϵػӳһȭСʩչʽҶϤѣ컯ȭһʽ졢Ե޵С졢ҡֻصڰʽеȭ
С˺壬Ϊһ̫âںҶԪ֮С

Ҷȱ˫ۣһֱСʩչĸȭԼٴνʥĻ֮С
Ȼʥء̣ҶȲδȥرܣҪҪʵ
ˣ
֪ȥ
Ҷ˫һ̣һ̫âȻһץһʯģ΢΢һץʯ飬Ϊһ
ʯĶ׷ۣɻҶоʯư磺ϴҪʲô
֪ƺʲôͨ磬ļʶԶƣһ۾ͿҶȴһ״̬
ڰʽ
䣬ʯƯʱҶͻȻұһ˦ȭͷһȭʯΧ̫âȭӡʱ

âȭӡʧһ̣ҶȵģĿ첻ˣһѺ۵ʯ
״̬ʯ֮ǰЩʯɵġ
һȭٴ飿
컯ԭһ£
Ҷ¶صЦݡ
̲ס̾㡢㡢Ȼ񣬾ġ
ŤͷžĿ⣬Ҷȷʵ𣿡
⵱ȻġΪ񣿾ӵĵͨκεطһ½Ǵ½ҲԺܿؽ۹ȵȣΪѾ̤ϣ׷ѰռǾǿٵأ
˵ϴҲӵн½ǿããˮ򣬽һ½
һͣƺＱҶȡ


2195 ڝb

ڳǿڴ£ҶȻЩ޷عˡ
ȻǺǷղһУʯϣȻһͨ컯ȭڰʽͨ
ڰʽѵ
½㿴ʯΪ壬дۼҲ˵δʯָ
Ҷȴ˼֮У㿴ʯΪƽ˵ʯۼ΢΢ٴ飬ζţȻʯָʵ޷ʯָһλ񾳽磬ӵɱǲԶ
˵ĺܶԣ
ʱҶȻ·ͨһУӶ˵ղһУ컯ȭڰʽô꣬ڵڰʽһǾʥء𣬲ڰʽİ壬Ǿ̫ͣǴﵽ߽λ񣬻пܿ񣡡
Ѿ̤żӵһ֮УΨͻףĽ̾
ϴǿʼڝb˰ɣ
ͻȻڨڨЦĿҶȡ
ڝbȻҪԸѻָʱˣ
ųѣҶҲ̫֪纺䣬һӡһ⡣
䣡
ӡڝbʱصڵϣһҶȡơˣɫ˲䡣
ͻȻһźڝb¸ϣٺ٣ڝbִǵ΢ڵС
ɶ񡭡âߣĿһУҪȷǿԾ֪δ£Ūâ壬ԼھͷҲҶѹ
Ǻεȵ³
ڝbʱģ޲ɱˣɱҶˣǳƣ޷ֻ֪·һ㲻ٿһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
ٺ٣Ҳн죿ǵɪӣνѵ㣡
ƾǳƣŲڝb˭ô࣬ȳ˶˵Զڝbһߡ
ڝbܿһࡣ
ˣ
ҶֹסƣȻڝbֺߣȻǲһҪϣֻҪʲôʹʲôĻҾͻһ·Σ
֪췣֮۾͸ðһնɱˣЦǵͷڝb졢ʮײеķһ䡣
ͷ˷үүģ
ðˣȥǼš
û취ˣѪɣҶȽ̸䣬Ȼơ
˺һЩħ˫һᣬӿһѪɫâͬħͷɭɭЦڝb㲻ڣѵӾû취񣬰ʰİ취벻
ߣͿкͣڝbȻǺη壬û취Ϊһ߽λ
ˡ
ڳ˫ƣ˸۵Ѫâ
ҶͻȻļ򣺡뵽취ˣǾܻ֪纵䣬ʱҪȥ壬ȰڝbΪܣǳɹһ壬ǣ
ٺ٣Ҳÿϴͨ
аЦЦƳ˫֮еѪâ
ʲôεȵ־
ѪâۿҪ޷ڝbʱּʿ־ɫΪоѪâ֮У̺޷ֵ־
ˡ
ƿɲĴ鶶ֱۣѪâڝbڝbֻǲһ£˾Ͳˡ
龻֣
ûҶʩչһ֣ŴѪâ֮еڝbٶȥӿԺûܵκηų⣬ΪڝbеķѪâĨɱ

ڝbԺҶȼԦ龻ֶֻһڝbԪӰѪâסϵɡ
ʱ˿̣һҲ֪ˡ
ҶԦ龻֣ѪɫâںϣȻʼסڝbԪ
ˣ
󷨿ռУҶ΢˫ۣѽڝbԺҶڵȴ֮УҲµ
ԺͻȻѪղ¸ӦӦԴ죬˵֮УΪǿ֮һ
ٺ٣ǰϴǵõΰ޵ĴУҲǹƵЦ
ֲãֲһҲ⣬벻̴еԪĴУҲԪĪд²ɣˣĴˣĴ֮һǿǹϵģҪúã
Ȼģ
˵꣬ͷȴҶȳ
ڝbԺֻڝbԪѾװѪâѹ£Ҷȿʼ߶龻һաںڝbԪ
𽥵ģڝbһĻ棬ʼҶǰĸ֣ҶȲŲڝbЩ飬ѰҹıĻ棬Լ纺䡣
֮Ϊڝbʵ̫ǿҶԪһҲףʱڝbԪ֮Уͬǿߴǿߡ
ֹ˲ãмԼڝbԻĻ棬ͨ˶ԻҶȲ֪мݣҲ֪˫ֵܡ
ЩܣҶʶ˽⸴ӵ硣
ԭмƿصֻһ֯ţѾ꣬мǵһ֮ǰһЩ
мڝbԻ֮УмûеȻڝbӺһЩԻ֮УҶȵǵóһЩ𰸣иӾ˵ľͷǲƶߡ
ϧЩͷмûڝbҶҲ֪֣âϸڣڽâʵ갵зչҲâĴйϵߺڝbΪṩһδΰҲΪâṩ鱨
˽ǱΪ飬â˽ūˮְâ½ܶ཮ھºӵʥ¼ʵ˫һ֡
Ǻص㣬ҶעģںҲһЩἰһֱڰõоһЩԼԦõʿâҲóٺǿߣʵ飬ΪҪӵеʿԭ򣬵ûἰڝbԼ˽⣬ƺɽ硢йϵ
ʲôϵڝb֪ΪȻâߣ壬ʵʲô㲻ϣĸ߲㣬Լ߲֪
ܣɽйϵɽֵЩףЩĪҲһϵûϵ֮䣬ҲΪͬһĿģ
̾Ϣһڝb֮Ѱҡ
ļ䣬Щ޹ؽҪģڝbмĴҲǷǳ࣬޷õϢ
ܣ޷һʱ⿪Ҷͨڝb˽⣬϶ΪǵļƻɽйϵǾͲ뿪Ϊܵ磬ֻͨϵ
߽λԪ񣬵ȷ̫ǿˣ
ҶȾҪѰҹ纺䡣
̫УӿٶڝbԪ񣬲ںϣٶ޷ߣֻһһںϡ
֪żкҪҪ죿
ڣһϤ𣬶۶ڝbڽ𹬼һĻҲʵسҶǰ


2196 յ
֮Уڽֻڝb۶ڝbֵǱֵܣһϢһԸıâ״ĴϢ
۶æʵĪºӵһһᴩ
ǣȻھºӵ˹غâǷ˳뱾̸£ҪȫͬâжʮΨ㣬Ǳںģ±ȥ죡
ڝbʼѹüΪͳļ仭棬뵱Ҷȶ۶仭棬вͬģЩغź۶ʥأ纺Ĵ¹̡
кҴ֣߳
²м٣㵥һˣȥٻأҲһ½ͨʿܸκδֻۣҪסһ㣬뾡취˴
¶°ã
ʾ۶뿪𹬣ڝbȴţ涼ûκõ
ΪˣҶȾӿںٶȣһ仭ڣּ۶֣һΣҶڼ纺
纺ź۶ع𹬣һâ֮纺ֳʱ纺֮ͫǲ벻ȫâӡ
˫ͫ
ڝbӺһͻȻһصЦݣһץһԪӡʱӿ纺Ժ纺΢΢£ʧȥʶұڝbͨռ֮С
ڝbʵ⺣ŮǺҴߣˮôҲʿټȷ
Ϊ⺣ŮǱȱй¼ĴڣʱδץŮ벻ߣҡ
˵ڝb۶ӻ֣ĺãȥúϢΪ籸ϵŮū
л۶뿪𹬡
۶תһռ䣬һ֮УϹŵâѰҺһȻӡ֮˫оȻǡ
⣬Ϊ
ڝbԳã뿪ҡ
滭涼ڝbâһЩѰ棬ֱȥڝbǷһâȻ˼꣬ͻȻâ˼Ӱ
ڝbһ˰нӼǿߣͷߣȻѰĪа񱨳ǿͷʡ
йʣ߼ǿޱȣԪʼ
ڝbӭ֮£ͷ֮С
ʱҶȲſͷòȻϤǿߣ׷׶ɷ˵״̬лһò޶ٷֱ꣬۴Ŵ綼һģһ
ΨȻҲһ˫ֻͫͫһѪ֮ɫ겻ӵΪȻԪʼ񣬲֪Ϊﵽεȸ߶ȣҶϸ΢ĶԼʶ꾹Ȼž
Ȼһ㣬ڝbûо쵽ֻҲ࿴꼸ۣ·Ҳ˫ͫܲһ㣬ڝb޵λֲܴ
Աݺڝbæǹʴˣ
âһ죬ʵ֪һǰΧˮľͷԪʼʧܣ֮һУʽӹܣâҲǱʸ𣡡
ʰɭɭ˵ֱ⣺ǺŮǵģ
¿ͷ­ΪȱʱѺڲĸ߲㡢һһ¼оǺŮļ¼
˵꣬ڝbæӡ·˯һ纺ƽֶ
ǡ
֪һ಻꣬˫Ѫɫͫ纺΢΢ɼ֮ͫϣʱ̲סһ
ʹ˸ɫȻϸ纺ڝbץסᣬѴ纺ϵõǣʡ

һ֣ע棬̾رȻӵвӡѹƵɴˮǵرȸ壬Ǻ˵ļԪУʵͱȲϴ壡
֪رҪԣԵյϢĹżһ˶ԣ̾ԳѺŮץһ˿⣡ڝbʼ
ڝbĺܺãȻ֪ҪԣǾ֪ΪҺ壬˴ͣģʻع֮һµͷ㣬Ԫʼ˵㽫ᱻΪĴڣ
¡¶л࣡
Ҫһʱ䣬ΪرѾ飬ϺķӡͨҪܳʱƽ⣬֮İɣУλŮҲҪߣ
òϰɣ
ڝbЩᡣ
㶮ʲôرڷӡȻҪϵʿɲ뵽ʱضһ󣡡
ǣǣˣ
ȻǵõˣҪϻع壬ǱķԺֱ뱾ϵκδ£ҲҪģбΪ˴ͣҲԶ㣡
¹ʹˣ
ڝbǰΪʵȾͷ·֮УѪɫͫһֱڰнʲôϧһֱûз˿
ԭڝb纽˹ʣǱȥˣ
Ҷֻһ˿⣬ʱ뵽ôһϵ
壿ǣʣһӵ纺ͬͫغꣿ
һбȻżȻӵͫ꣬Ҷ֮ǰ־ʱ֪纺Ǻ֮壬˵Ҳһӵк֮ڣһȻڴ壬ޱĴڣ緲۹֮е̫ӡ
ƱҪһˣʡ
һ̣ڻ֪纺䣬Ȼڴ֮Уչʵ˵纺ʱӦòΣգΪǻҪͨ纺ƽǵܡ
иıˣɻڴһ죬âֻƫԶˮ򣬱Ҫ뿪Ƶط
˻֮Уڝbص֮УһֱڵЦ
֮Ļ棬ڝbʼƻζԸȻ췣֮۵⣬ԼмĻ档
ûκεջ񣬻նڝbѪâסǾһ̡
ڝbʱǵĴְɣ
׿ܡ
õҪģҶãڝbδƵڝbȺ
ͻȻһڝbΪܣһߣͲһﵽ߽λĿֲ֣Ԫʼκ񶼿ԶԿ
ʼײѪں֮һԪӡֲڝbԺ֮УֻһṦҶȾȻâߣΪһֲ׿ܡ
һлù鹦Ѫ棬ѪִڣҶȾܰڝbɹΪһܡ
ͣ
Ūһ֮Ҷع鱾𣬻δѿڝbԱߴͻ֮ȥ羹Ȼ˳ͻƶλ񣬲ˣٿʱѾڳ̶λ۷壬ܿͻ̤λ
ƵȻǿЦģԽ࣬еΪǵȻ󲿷࣬Աȼͨޡ
Ҳ󰡣
æڝb֮У뵽ʲôڝb´Ҫ»ȶʮҲ׶ˣٽѪ
ˮ֪ڣѾ򣬹ȥٶʱ䣬߰ʱ䣬ȵǧ꣬˲뿪⼸꣬ҪͻҲ̫ס
һգҶȱʹﵽһλԲ߶ȵ״̬ܿʹﵽ۷塣


2197 ̤λ
ץסᣬȫԴӿ뵤֮УܿγӴԪͬʱҲڼɫˮ
ˮѾʧ֮һµİ´ﵽͽλ׶Σպùա
ᣡ
һᣬԪΪһɴСȻӡ˫һϣн֮бһâֻԪ˲仯ΪһһߴСԴ
գȻƯԴζҶҲ̤λ
ʼ飬ҶҲˮڷӡˮΪâȫߣգҶӵеҲﵽһµĸ߶ȣϧ֮Ҷʱ޷գʴӵõҶȶ޷
֮УҶɲϵˮ
֪ȥ֮Уǿһ̥ǵоһֱš
ͬʱ֮е磬ȶ˶һʼӶλͻλٶȻ˳ơ
ڲǾĵӵߣʷϣҲΨһĴڣǿ֮УΪĴڣֲǳҶԱȼġ
ΪǱԴӵߣһΪ֮еٮٮߣδĳɾͣ˭Ԥϵ
˳̤λʱһζҲʼͻλ񣬵õ֮󣬳ƵΪٶȣҶȻҪֲڵвҶѾﵽͬȸ߶ȣߡ
ͬʱҶҲʼ׼ͻλ
ֻɫˮʧһ뻹ж࣬ɼٶоˣǼΪֲĴڣﵽͨʮ֮ࡣ
׼ͻ֮ʣҶҲӤԼ컯ȭڰʽֻľԼȫһͬ
ʱ򣬲Զһ֮ϡ
ԪڽӡӡͬʱŤͷΧĪаѽĪаһɢޣֻǸǿߣʲôҶ֪ߵغұһһбնɱ㣡
ԪĪа䣬һӡ֮óһƣ֮Ͽģɽ
һֳ֮ԪһģһһԷɭɭʵɵõ콣
е⣬콣ӵߣЩֶΣģ֮һõݽعɽ
ٶȼӿЩһõ콣ұȥѰµĵһõҾкܴϣ񣬻Ԫʼ񾳽磬Ϊ֮󣬵ڶλԪʼΪ̤Ĵڣ
һӿٶȣӵ콣һһλߣ϶ԿռƿأһǸŮʿΪﵽλԪʼʵǿ󣡡
ϣȶȡϵ콣ǸλԪʼŮʿΪ࣬ȷЩ֣ǵݣɽĵλҪĽѹ
ģΪķɽϣ̤ľӵ޷ӵеľ
ϧѾھŽλԪʼżǰ޷̤Ҫ޴ˣ˾콣Ҫ㶮ɣʵڲУԸ
κջһһ֪ͨ㣡
Ԫ˫һ֣ǿɽƣ˲Ϣʧһз·δһ
վΧϸЦݣ뱾޽еĴڡСӦþǰƬˮζҪץס㣡
˫ͫȼճһɻ棬治ΧԼһֺˮˮȻ֮еĸȻʼںϣͿǰ򣺡СֶεȷˣһһλܰϢص̶ֳȣ޷ӳķۣ
ռͻأŤԪŤռʧȥ
ż
λϴ󣬵ùϲ㰡ڶλ񣬺ٺ٣
ƶĽ֮УҶӿһɽâĿͶΪҶҲ˳̤λ
ʣ֮һץʱգ
ֿ̣ʼˮ֮е
żΪý䣬ȫͨﵽλ߶ȡ
ͨ壬ͨ帺𵱼һ̫ҵ֮С
ҶȾͿʼ̫޼˻סײֻľ
ԭ
ʼע仯ͻλ̫Ӵˣһһ߽λںһѳ񣬴ﵽﵽܸߵĸ߶ȡ
ĿעнʱĿȴ֮УԴӰ֮УһӰס
Ӱ֮ǰһֱģ壬ӵֻϢĵӰ
ʱ˿̣ҶѱӰֿʼʹΪֻϢӰȻǡع
ӵֻϢӰҶȾһֱڹע˭ӦʥʷϣΪǿһ棿
벻Ȼع
ɵøֵո̤ʥʱһĻĻڻؾȵӣعྴֵֹˮһδνΪعʥأһ·ɳ
ĳɾͳԽعԼʥˣʥûˣعûˣϤͬҲûˡ
þòŻعӰֻ֮У˫ۣԭһֱţһֱҶջѰҵֻش
ʥУֳӰӦʥص棬û뵽ع֤ΪߣعʵԼʥصƿأͳ
̾Ϣһ֮ҶȿʼעӤԼѪԴ֮ϣӵҶвһ˳ĪаԪָ߶ȵľͷ⡣
ӤٶȣѾﵽһϲٶȣҪ֪ɹ̫ԪԼÿһǾӤٶܴﵽ˸߶ȣѾǲ˼飬Ӥŵꣿ
ȥҶΪͻƣӤٶȻӾˣٶԽ죬ʹĳɳٶԽˡ
ѪҲ𽥳ʱʱ̿ͷųѪҶǿԼʮٵҶָﵽ˿ɱȵĸ߶ȡ
ڡ
Ҷȫʵʱֺ׵˶
Ҷüͷһæ뿪䣬֮ͨмУ磺޷ʲôĪаԪ׷ˣǶ˶˺򣡡
̫ˣǧʱ䣬Źȥ߰꣡һֹͣУһԵĳҲվ
תˮأϧһ
ǲգͽޣ
ҶСԴСβһɲˮ֮Уˮ
ЦʵѾ֮ǰôɵǣ
ʵҲﵽλ񣬶Ԫʼ񣬻һԪҲʱʱ̶̿ѪɣɲͬǷ뷨
ҺûµĽͨΪΪڻǳû뿪Ƭڴ
Ҷ˵ûκʱҲʣյһɶٶȣҶ˶ˣΪ޵ٶȣԶԶʮ


2198 
ĵ
Īޱߵĺ룬ˮһžӨɫˮӳ뺣ˮе⽻ںӳ߰߾⡣
ԪƯںˮ磬ΧͨΪһӦ֮¶źҲѣȴں֮¡
ֻͨӦ͵óԭ
һһƬɺַˮ硣
⸽С⸽ʧϢص߶콣㻹η
ӡ֮һɽâպżռ䡣
ԼԪͻȻһ̤룬˲ϢһƬɽϷָһһɽȻһǿӡ֡
Ӳ˰ɣ֮У˿԰ĪаĹȴ飬Ǻܾ˵ɲŹǵģ
ԪӡɽȻһĳɽʼһ»Ϊ촷ۣʧһṦ򣬾Ȼ׵Ŀռ䣬¶˻ȼյݡ
ռ䣬Ӧ֮ǰƬ̣ͼµļ̨ԼһϢĽ硣
ֲñ޷Ӧԭһ˲Ľ硭
Ԫɱ磬Ҷ˾ڽ棬ȻͬӼҲҧˣ벻ĹԪһɱȻʧüСӵϢֻʣ²Ϣָˣ
ŭ֮£ӽ磬һЩķӡ֮һ󺧣ǡģֲ˲ԭʿģ̫ˣǿĴڣ
ָŽһץ磬ΪԼ֮£һ㱻飬ȻֳڲĿռ䣬Ԫռ䣬ʼȵѰ֮κ屦ҲûС
ֱɫˮڵĿռ䡣
ˮصƺ֮ǰǱ״̬ڶ̶ʱʧˡĪСӣȫȡˣ
ǳͷͨӣͿˮӵйʲôȻһŭСӣбﶼȡˣߣסǣһжǱģ
˫ۣͷŸӦѰҶټ
ѾƬˮ
һǳâӡ֧֮д˵֧ÿһӡһЩǿĺϢϵسֶں֮УȻûкʿ
ϴٶôˣ
ǳâȻһ֮ƾ޴İӰֶ
ҶȡҲǳâ֮УҶȿ࣬뵽Ȫ̻һ
ңԶŹԼᰣǶңԶȺˮ򣬾Ⱥڡ
ٿҷˮȺǾ޾ڵĺ
ΪѰƶҶƷһΪԪǿߣΪľǱ֤׼ȷҵƶҲΪѰ纺ǰ׼ϾȺâ̫ңԶ
ʱˣҶ̫ҵ纺䣬ߣȥȺԼȺƱҲĪаԪǿң֪ĪаֶΣ˵ûӶеԴ
ų磬ҶȰȪ̻Ź븵ᰵḶ́µ
ͬҶͷ뷨һЦǵȷӦ̤вʿǱĪа׷ɱʱػĪа񱨳𣬵ʱΪǶˣ
һȣ޾ϵһ˵
߶޾µķȥһҶΪͳ˾޾ˣϾ޾Ҳͻûʲô鷢޾Ӧڰʱ֮ڣͻлӦ
˰ʱֹһᣬûжҶ׼ˮ֮ʣͻȻ˶Ҵ޾˵Ҷȣ㾹ȻȥǰңԶˮҪʲôĻֱȥȺҵ̻ᣡ
ӦػҶȣౣԼϹŶʥشĵӣھ޾ڣĿǰˮ֮УΪâˮӦ˵Ŀǰȫĵط
ʦҶû°ɣҶȾϲʵ벻ӦԻҵ֪ԼϹŶЩӶѹŵʯͷҲ˲¡
ӦЩ㶼ƽʥػͬӰ߳ҪȫָҪܳʱ䣬Ŀǰ˼ôҼˮû쳣ȵ粨ȥȷûкâ֮ϵдһͬعһϢѾͻһ䡢ΪʦԼǿڷ֮ϣһƬµС½أʥأôͨ½ô½»ֻʱĴ㣬Ҳ֪Ƿ
һһΪʵǿԪʼͷ֮أ
ֱʮԼŽ׷ҲΪ棬㲻֪䣬пȥ׷ɱĪаȺǿȥˣ֮ڹʳ֮Ҳ֪ټǳ׷ʱ
벻㣡
ңԼ˶뵽ģˣ˼ǰȫЩعʥأããˮˣ̫ΣգְĪаΪνԭ򣬸߸˴ң˶ãûгװĪаĻʱͱһʱ䣬ҲֻǱھ޾ڣ
ţˣʦĪаһֱڶԵ׷ʹԵӺܳһʱ䣬ûпܻصһ죬ȵӴﵽԪʼĪаնɱ׳ʱܻعʥأʦתԼλͬţ
Ǻã㻹ʲô˵𣿡
õӴһˮϸͼԽϸԽãòˮ򣡡
Ҷ˵仰ʱӦʧ
Ź˼޾һӷ֮зɳΧˮ򣬵κܸӣ̤㣬Ҳǿߣ̤ЩˮҪע⣬̤Щˮ򣬴ź֮ˮ򣬲ԶһڣǿǱâǿǧ򱶵Ĵڣ
ž޾뵽Ҷˮ򣬶Īа׷ɱ֮УǶ
ץס⣬̾ʮֳ
֮󣬲֪ΧȺԼȺ⣬дССʮ
ǰĪаԪȥ˵кҪ˶ơ罻Ƭ̣ٴڴǧͼΧ£ˮɳ۶ȥ
ʦ𣡡
ԶˮգӰ۶ӵе֮ˣԼ
ǰĪаƯͬһ
Īа׵ӳΪʵĺͷӦף
ӦòưոݣԽâˮʱ޷ӦǿߵϢӦû׷ʦץǸӵ콣ʿĪаǰһϢ쳣
û⣬֪ӵе콣ͻȻ·ɱ;Ϊʦ֣ǸСӳûߣȲ˵ЩǺúϢΪʦ֮ǰ߶콣ӦѴȷСܵķλһʱ׷벻޷κһϣ
Īаŭֱðʢŭ֮£ʧڸ߿ա


2199 ͻأĴϢ
һǳâϴӡδκζ֪֧٣ӭ֧
ʮӦðǷԼԪ˦˰ɣ
ǳâ֮УҶһֱִ߶ǧͼԼ״̬Һͻλ񣬷޷ʮ궼ڲϴ֮С
Щвסˣһ
վһ࣬һֱڹעҶɣ̫䲻Ʋһۣ˦˦ֻڶ೤ʱ׷
Ѿˮ磬ǰԽԽ࣬ǾҪڵĴˮ򣬳ô˻ᣬҲĪаԪҵҪڵƬܲ
ˮҪΪѰ纺һĿģǿôǣĪаԼԪͷֻҪȡʱ䣬Ҫװͷ׷ɱҲǼпܵġ
ǧͼˣϴӡ磬굯ָ
ͻȻǳâٶһʧҶȡơһһֶǰУһģĺǳء
䣬ѸӦǳصĹģжٺжǿߣҶҲڰд߶ߡ
ѾڵĴˮﻹǱԵˮǲż·úϢ˵
Ҷ֮󣬳ơ翪ʼҶͷųĺģҲʼûΪԼס
˳ͷβòϢΪʵĺ
˲٣󷽷ɹǳأˮȥ
֮󣬸ǳسˮУֱһӴĳǳس֮˲Žǳأʼ˽Ƭˮ
ԭƬˮ壬Ϊ̵۳ǡ
̵۳һͳâΧƫƧˮĴ˵ԳΪǹģǱȵ۹Ҫ޴ޱߣӵеĳǳأÿһǳأǺܾ˵ġ
ǳأ̵۳ǻһͳΧˮĲ䡢ԼҪһ㣬̵۳һм¼ĺ˵ʲô˵̵۳ǿ壬ǿɲâּżŵĴڡ
̵۳ǵߣкΪ̻ۡΪ˵ﵽ߻Ĵڡ
ڹʣ̻£һˮƿߣҲһˮľͷ̻ۣʾȨĻߡ
˽⵽ЩϢҶһЩżԱһûй̵۳ǵļ¼ֻâ˵̵۳ǲ̫ңԶ˵̵۳ǵǿѾһЩ½
̵۳ǣ֮еһ½
˶ԣѾһȫİ磬ҲʷΪ̵۳ǵʿ
벻̵۳˾ˣ½̾ȻΧֵԼǿһʱЩ롣
Ŀ˵ĳƣҲѹ̵ͣ۳ǺĴүүģϴǵż
Ҷ׵ȽȻַͨҵ䡣
ͻȻ̵߳۳ӵһƬˮô̵۳ǸҲӦкǵ׼ᵽĴӪ纺
Ƶ֧ԮȻ£ȷ˵
һ뿪ǳأˮȥ
;ּٵĳǳأҳǳعģҲԽԽˣԼ¹˽һƬǳˮ硣
ǹʵĵ̡
󷽷ǳ֮ȼūƣͬâūһūҲ
һʳ¥ȳԺһΧһƬȻҶѯʵһ̵ĵַһ˸˹ȥʳ¥ȴһʲôⷢ˫ҲиӦ
һṦҶȾһ̵ǰ̵꣬಻Ψһǳ۵ƷǺ屦ΪҲһЩ౦
̵ЩǶ״̬էȻȥ缸û̫Ĳͬ
빺һЩū֪ûУ۸٣
ܿһͷҶȣһι֮ҶҲԹūΪڣ򿪻ϻӡ
ūǱūϡٵĴڣԼǮȻū࡭
󣬺ԿʼҶȵ
ҶϵЦЦһ£۸ǿ̸˽˽⣬֪ʴⷽˮûгһЩڲͬĺūŮū
Ůū춼УҲϵƷһЩΪܸߵŮū߼Ůūһ򲻵ģΪǸ˲ܵĴڣ
ǣҲǣ
ҶȺȻ֮ǰһһΪ߼Ůū߲ܵūÿ֪£֪ʣȻú⡣
ȻԷƺҶȲģӦ䣬ȥк
ϰ壬õıó
סõģΪҪϽٻΪģǱ̵Ҳ뿪ˣ
ҶҪ뿪̵꣬ȻѰ취ʱ֪ӭڼ׺һɷ֮ǰڣ̵ǣҲ׷Ϊõ
Ҳû£Ҷȼȥ
ٻӭȢһλŮ
ҲǺżȻλᵽȷһλŮǺŮһ˫ͫڳΣʲôʱ޷֪
治ףΪٻʣҪӭȢһλŮˣ
ڼ׺һ£׷ɢȥҲ޼ɵ̸߳ŵҶȣǶԻݣȫѪ·Ҫ
Ů
һ˫ͫ
ÿһۣ࣬ΪӵͫĺŮǴԼģԿ϶ǿСٻʡӭȢĺŮԾѰҵ纺
뿪̵֮Ҷתߣϸе̸̸֮УҶȻøõ鱨Ψһźûи纺Ϣ
ǿеٻʣ̵۳ף̻۵ĶӣͺŽףδ̵۳ǵĽӰˡ
ͨǼٻʵҶͻȻ뵽һˣһʶţʱڝbʱ뼸âһͬѰ̵۳ǵٻʡ
شϢ֮Ҷȵơϣ̵۳Ƿȥ
ǣ̵۳ĳǳأҲӵͷĽء
Լ£˾һƯˮõĳǳأǳΧʮǳӵ̵۳ǵǡ
ǳزã˾ͱһǽ赲ǽ֮ڣ̵۳ǵĻʳǣǸ߲޷С
һʱûʲôð취ҶҲֻܴ߶龻֣Ӧ纺ϢǷڻʳ֮С
ڣڣȷ棡
ֻƬ̹ҶȾͼӻʳǣ纺Ϣ˸ȻǺǿң޷ӹĸӦ
ҲǺһڵ֪纺䣬Ǿȳ纺
ڻʳΧһʳ¥͵ϢʵҶҪʳ¥ͷߣһ纺Ӧȡϵһ̵֪̽۳ٻʴĻ
һӦܸӦ纺纺ȴһֱûлӦҶԥһᣬԭܿ׹纺㣬ǻڱƷӡ״̬֮£ô޶ԡ
ȴ˼꣬ʳ̸Ȼջǵ̵֪۳ٻ纺ʱ䣬δҴϢҲδʱǲд顣


2200 
˾ۼʳ¥ơһֱڵȴֻһԸżǵȲȥˣϴɶӾȳɩӣ
⡭
Ҷ˲Ϣˣӡ̵۳̫ǿˣ˵ʥֶǣǿ߾ϰԪʼҲв٣⻹̵۳ǵʵ̵۳ˮȻиǿߣʩչܰ纾ȳĿǰֻһ취ú壡
ٳħؽɴվ
һȣ
ȴһסƣ·Ҷи뷨
ǻ̵֪۳ٻʲôʱд顭ǵ÷ֿ£Ҷȥһ˺壬̵۳ٻδϻҪл£ôơͲټɵ̣Ѫһ˾ȳ̵۳ǺôҲ½ѪҲףѪ汾ֳʴ˴˷жܴ
˵꣬ҶȻվĿ⣬ʱڳϣס˵Ļ浽ǵزͱټɵ
ϴģ浽ʱŲ˼ô̱࣬¶ȳɩ֮ǹ꣬ǿ֮˭ᰳ̣
ȭͷ߬ýĳƣ޲üȭͷͰ̵۳Ǹˡ
ϸһơΧעǶҶȴ߶ǧͼµ꣬ȫȥ
ʱȣܵҶڴ߶ߵ״̬£Զ̵۳ˮĪаԪвʱҲֻ֮Ժ
ĴˮȻһЩ֧
ʮϴĺ֧ԽԽ㣬ѾҪڵĴˮ
Ϊȡʱ䣬óƵıʯʼ߶ʧºҲһֱѰϢ
󣬴ʱҶȵٶȣѾﵽԪʼĸ߶ȣʹԪʼҲܲܵӡѹȣĪаӵвͨĴڡ
֮ҶѾǺ֧ˮ֮С
ಣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷǰ棬һˮ˲ˮ֮УȻʮɫ۵ʿд붼ģмǴŸɫۼףֻͷϳһЩ״塣
ʧôԪϢôͻȻˣ
ʮǿʿǲĴڣǾԴǿߣܵϢŸġ
иǰǴˣ
һްǿߣ˫ͫһֱ˸ľ⣬·ܿ͸ˮһ㡣
Ǵˣ
ˣϢһٶٴμӿ졣
ˣ
Ҷȷһĺ磬ٶȴסǰɫͻȻһ˻ʮǿһһ̤˶
λǺǿߣڶԷոյҶȱ㼱ʵ
ֻǿһ߳ƵǺʿΪӵǴ˵ϢǲǴģ
ǿеĴˣƣ
ǣǵĴˣǴǿߣʧôãһֱƬȴʶǴˣ֪Ǵںδ
˿ԷȻղ£ôҲõʲôһƵӰ񣺡ѾܶԪˣ
ʲô
ʮǿ߽׳׷һ𣬸޷ţȻĿӰ֮ϣþ޷ع
Ҷһֱ纺ǿߵ飬ֵ֮־һֱǰж֮зӡţڻԵɺ֮£֮УҵõʱĶһҪⷽ壬һߣ¹ش󣬻λǰ·
¶˵ףĪκ뷨򡭡
ѹһ裬Ȼһﵽ߽λǿߣˣҲǿߡ
ҶѲʥʥظʧǿ֮ģ̥ǣΣĵͷ¹شĿģӳλƣ
ȥ
ǿΪҶȿǰ
Ҷȵˣⷽ壬Ϊ
ƺҲܵҶϣƵϢ̬ƶı䣺ţ纣ֻƫԶˮĺԼͳΣյĴˣѰһ벻ᷢ£
̵۳˭ǿ󣿡
ʵ࣬һֱ˫дССս·˭Ҳ޷κζԷ˸ʱ԰ѹ̵۳ǣã˾ͲǶ𣬺ĺ˵ǴȥһƫԶˮ򣬵ȥ˲ãȫʧȥϵ
ȥһΪĺˮȷƫƧﵽǸ߽λҲҪǧʱ䣬ʧˣûȥ𣿡
ȥˣϧѾһƬ棬·һսҷִ˿ϢȻˮ׷ȥûҵˣ׷Ϣܶ꣬ûջ񣬶յĴ֮У˵־ܲδʧӦûĳˮѰҶ޹Ǳعһֱȴڣ
˼Ļش
ǽСģѶϢǰʵ¶޷ҵҺˣпܱԼ̵۳ǵǿҵ
̸һҶҲƵĹȥ˴˽⡣
ʱٶǰΧһʮɫǳأоһֻֻ趯өƯС

ַһһ޴ǰ˽ӡ˲磬ǰǺˮռ䣬һͨͨãȻǰͳһӨĻʹ
λˣ˭
߳ͨдʿ󲿷ֻκģΧǰ
ɭɭȵλд¼
ǣ
ǿ߲أӡֳһ磬ҴŴҽ֮С
գۼ䣬һƯȻǰ𹬸ԼɣΰޱȣΧĹ
Χǿ߶䣬ŶԴҶȴ𹬣ʹǰҲֵأˣԵú𾴡
֮УյģûһӰ
ʱ֮һףϢİӴ󷽴ҪΪҶȽʱȴҶҲѷϢĽ٣ⲻɵһƺҶߣܸܵһС
һߴʮɡͷϳ֧ǵߣƳۣһ֮ϡ
ߴԼʮ꣬Ȼ̬壬磬֮һ־·Ҫ
߾Ӹµ裬кҪż
ˡ衯ȭ¸ոոӦ˵Ϣλ࣬־йĴڣд㱨
ߵһҶȣοʼעǰСĴڣֵܵϢ
ĺҲֵƣҶղҲ˿
Ҷȵó־ʯ
ʯһ֣ͬʱϲʯͼڣ·һ
Ҷȳûʩ¸뵱ԺݸϢһޣ֪Ǽ飿
ʱǺƴˣʱڱǰǸ߸ϵĴˣһʣ֪һͬʱӵرϣȥر


2201 ʥ
ΪֻһССĲ䣬յĺ⣬ȴΪҪΪûѰҲϣҲȥ
ʱ¼ӣɫµ˭֪һȥԼ꣬ʶ˿ܳ£ɳָЩ˵ĴڣҲһȥһֱûջǳ
ǰΪ˵Ǽرʯ֮Уǰ־仭棬Ҳ֤ݣ
벻ʧʧȥ͡
²˳٣Ҷʯְڝbļ仭棬ΪһԷ
ӹ֮Ǵ߶ʯȻڝbļ仭棬֮УԽĲ
þ֮󣬺̾Ŀǣ
Ҷȹȳ纺رʵǷߣɽ磬ڹ£ǿرܴһֱɽ磬رԸıˮƣҲԸıƣϣϳ
纺Ǻ֮壬ʥŮҲδһ֮壬ǱҪȵģȥҪټͷһ
ж˰Ҷȡ֮һ
Ҷ빾ڴ֮ȴϼһﵽԪʼΪĺͷ˷֮С
Ԫʼ֮࣬񶼲ʲôһϾͷʲô㲻ϣҲ̫ˡ
ԼʮԪʼʹȻһֱκζҶȴʱòۣ߶ߣͷݡ
Ȼƻ֪ܣԭԭоͷͷҲ𾪲ѣƲδһ浹һ֧Ͼˣǰ̵۳ǣȳʥŮ纺رһƺоһҪ˶Ϣʵԡ
ȻɻŲͬ۵㣬ڻʹ֮ȥ
ҶȴԽԽżڻ治̵֪۳Ǳʲô
㲻Ҫż¼ȻǣϴˣҲиٵȵȣ
迴Ҷ̫żʱҲֻܰο䡣
ҪǻҪ϶ãŭɶҶȼҪʹЩͷʱ򣬻Ҫ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ϸһ֮
̯ģֻĳһηƵƣһֲͬ
̫ˣ̫ˣҾ֪ʥ֪ϢϸϹ
輤ŷʮһʥˡһԵü˷ܣҶȻ֪Ϊ˼
ֻգۼ䣬ҶȾȻһƿǰͻأ֣ӶȥһˣȻ׵سǰĽ֮ϣԼͼڣһְһصİ
ʥˣȸ֣ʱ¹
ĿٿȻҶϣҶ岻𶯣һɹƵϢʼӿ
ȻƴϢĿһӸִɫ
ǿߣ
֮Ҷд󺧲ѣͷĿһ̣ϰˣ޷һ£ӶԷ֮УҶȸӦԼͬĴϢ
ֻһͣǰλ꣬ͬһһ
ҶȻǵһμʥ˵ʵֱҲһԪʼĴڡ
ԪʼΪʵжǿ
һþö޷ƽͫԼӣһ˳ЦݣɭɭҶȣ࣬ƴ治ˣ
ǰʱҲֻʣһȱˣʱĻǵҷ𣡡
Ǳ˺ģ
â̵۳ƿصһңԶˮ򣬵Ȼһâɱһ֯Լ̵۳ǵԪʼǿߣΪâףΪһλԪʼ£ʵôˣ
ƴʱѾﵽ߽λΪһԪʼȷɱ̵۳ǡâʥҪһһѪծѪ
ǰâѾˣ뿴
ꡰʥͷźԵɱҶȸ֮ܵȻܸˣʥԻΪƱ𣬴Ӷһȳ纺ر
ҶȻһץһֶֻڝbԼ»â񣬶ʮ˲ʥǰ
ڝbȺʥɱڣǿҲǺ޵ĥ
ᣡ
һӡڝbһּԪ񣬷֮ǰƶԻӰһʥ
ʥֻ˺䣬ںڝbм䣬ٿȻԭˣԭˡ
ҶƵڶһĻĻصḶ́ʥں棬Ȼ˽¼ǰ
Ϊǿߣʥ֪ãδһ˼Ѱ˼ΪƱ𣬷ʳһҶĻ࣬ϳƴϢΪλһڣ
½磬õģôУڲһ΢ˣҶԺȻıش
Ե֣ܺãһҲˣܵõƴţҲ㣡
ʥͻȻתһᣬ裺Ϊκǻδߣ˾ȳʥŮԼررǿߣģغԼδ
СҲ֪һεĻش
ߣ
ڴʱʥһҶץԴ벻ľٶ
ʥͻȻ߳һǰĻʹͻȻһ
¡
ׯϡ޴Ļʹ֪ж̣ķӡ磬ҲǴﵽԪʼ߶ȣʥһ֮£Ȼ飬ʼʿȻʮǿǱ֮Уְա
˭
ʱ䣬һͷŭɶغŻʹͻȻըǿߣ׷׸ʹ
ʹڱѾۼԼԪʼǿߣһɹѹֱҪ˺ռ䡣
ʱѰҵˣʥ֮Ϊѵñһʹɣ
֮ڴʱչ¶š
⡢ʥҲ̫˰ɣȻֱӰѻʹˣ
һ࣬Ҷʶʿ
ǡ
ˢˢΧɱͨʥʱǿŭ˲ʧǺԼԪʼͷҪŭʥѹҷ׷ʥǰ
ʥˣôͻȻ٣
ʥŭţԺԼΧԪʼͷⲻ֪𣿿Щˣ̫νȨƣ಻ţҪʧƬӴ˽ʧƬ򣿡
⣬Īŭżˣæ͡
Ҳϻոձѻ֪ǿߣܣڻڵʱ䣿汾ǰ̵۳ǣӪȳʥŮ纺رʧܵĻҽᶯȨƣ˵㺣ҲǺɢ´㺣еʿ̤κεĺ֮У
Ҫ
ǿߣʱʥ£־ǲԼ
ʥɭɭȵӣںˮ紫һʿΪԼ²ܲ׷ǲ뾡취ȣǺʧעģ


2202 Ǳ
ǣϢŭѡǿߣ˸̵۳ǣ
ĺʱ˿̣ʥ֮ŭ£˿ûһ߼ӣ߶ټǿ߸
ûʥĻ˳
Ҷڷѹеľʯ
˰֮ʮԪʼͷʥΧҪɳǣʥǰ̵۳ǡ
ʥҲɫӻ䣬ͷһâҶԼʮԪʼǿߣһʧãã
ǿ߼ʥ뿪΢΢˿

βҶ߶ԼǧͼʮͷҲδκϢʥһƿأ˲Ϸɳڴ֮УٶҶȴٶȣҪ첻١
Ȼں֮УʥǿߣںȻԼơ
֮뿪ˮ򣬿ʼһЩӡ
Ϊ֧֣ʥٶʮֹǴԽʱԱѹԼɣһҪܵ
һʥӷеٶȣҪҶ࣬ΪҶȲѹƣ뺣󣬷ٶһģԱͬһٶ£ʥں̫ˣľˡ
ʮȥ֧ԽԽ࣬ʥȻҶȴҶȣٹʮ꣬Ǿܴﵽ̵۳ˮζرԼȳʥŮҪģ˵֮ǰ̵۳ǣ̵֪۳ǵΣ
ڼ䣬ʥҶȲʱǶҶг˽⣬ҶͷҲйһЩݽ
ҶӦ̵۳̻֮۵ĶӣҪ纺ʥŮд飬ĿǰΨһϢ
ֹⳡ飬ҺʥŮӵкܣδ飬ӦҪ纺ʥŮϣҳܺƵܣǴУʥŮΪƷҺвǼر
Ʒ
ǿ뾡취ǿץҺĺ֮ӵߣΪľҵӿƵܣûһ֮壬ܻģ
Ҳǲӵʲôʣע⵽̵۳ٻʣҲһʥŮͫ
ֲҪʥŮ飬Ǻ֮壬ӾǱʻǱȲϺ֮壬ΪԶʱȵǺ˺γӣֻ֮Ǻ֮һֱ죬̻ŲСҰİԼĶӣõʥŮΪͬʱӵкɱԴĴڣһٻʾпܣӴҵܺƣҺӳںϵܣȻ˵ǲܵ£ûоԣӦúײǣϹżԪ֮ĩӡԪԼԺļԪûпܻзߵȴϽ磡
ʥŮ̵۳ٻʴ飬ǲǡ
ΪʥŮԭǶҪȳʥŮرӵߣֻرܣһǺһֱ˵Ȼ˵Ҳһֱഫ֮壬ӵк񴫳еĿܣ絮ʱΪϵԶ֮һ˵ʱ֮УΪǿĴ֮һҺŵҲõĴУӶһͳ뺣źŴץҺĺ֮ʿΪ˵õĴУ
纡
ʥһͣҶиżʵһֱûӴս̵۳ǣͻȻ̵۳ٻ纺ϢһֱţֱڣҲڵġ
̵۳ٻ纺飬ⱳƺиĿģؼʾ纺ѾڼΣյľ֮С
ʱʥҶ̸໰⣬𽥶Ҷ纺ĽʶԼһ̤ͬ¹̣Ҳʼ˽⡣
굯ָҶ˵ʱʱ̶̿һּ尾
ڣ֧ʧӭһ֧Ѿ̵۳ǱԵˮ
ϴǻˣ
Ҷơȡϵ̵֪۳ٻʻδл£һֱǱΧһж
ע⣬Ѿ̵۳֮УǲͬҪܵӵѹƣ涼ܴܵӰ죬ĿرԼӪʥŮӪȼƻҲżһȫ
͸̵۳ˮ򣬽һЩǳء
֮УʥʮԪʼͷ鶼࣬һѹֵɫ
ʥҶһʱȻͷǣǰҶȣȻýӡԼıںԼӵĺƵһģȻʥ֮£Ҳ˿֮ܵѹȡ
ʱʥ뵽ⷽ棬Եú
ܿǳˮ򣬴ǺӰӣ˺ʥͻȻҶȣҪȳʥŮԼر𣿡
Ȼұκ˶룡ҶȲʥΪλͻȻʵ
һ·ҷ㲻ӷѹȣȻ뵽ʱһĻĻҲܺѹȣû㣬κӡ󣬶ܵѹȣȻˮƣ
⡭ȷҵܣҲҵûҲһ·ȥ
Ҳȡܣ㿴Χƣ֮УǺȥӰӣҪܵѹƣһʵֻ֮һʵаվȳʥŮ𣿡
֪ǰк뷨
ʥһ˼ϸĴܣе˼ʵҶʼϲ
ʥֱӾѿڶа취ǲѹƣ
ǰ̫߿ˣ
ѹƣΪӵ̫һʮ١Լģɲ˶յġ
ҶֵȻλѹƣȴúϢشϵĺϢλǰ£
˵꣬Ҷҡһ䣬ȻΪһףĿĺ
ͻȻ仯ھͷŵúһŻҶֱرģһһȥҶ׻ûɺֱ仯࣬ھͷþöһ״̬
ȻϢҲǺܴİ
ʥȻͬ⡣
Ҷȼʩչ龻֣ڝbȺϣϢͨᣬȻͷһӿھͷڣھͷҲʼʩչûͨһһΪһµĺ
Ҷ֮ͨ£ȫͷھͷ£ȫںѪƤ֮Уʥ˾淢֣ҶͷŵĺȻǲų⣬һںϸо
һ֮˶ҡһ䣬Ϊһܿǡ
ϴ󣡡
һʱ䣬ҶȻϣҶְʥȾͷһһܣʶ֮󣬾һʳ¥ͬѰʼԺȡ
ȷӦҺһʥ̵̲۳֮С
ڼ䣬ƳԺȵھͷʵڰʩչͨʥ˫һѸܵ纺Ϣڡ
ˣҵȸӦ֮󣬷̵۳ǵĽ磬ͬ죬ҺǵǿϢ룬Ǻ壬ǵƵһ̶ȣ޷ȫչ
ʱľͷҲ׷˽˿ʼн
λѶжǶҪȥΪرԸıˮδһõܣͻҺ磬ҲѹƣǽǶôµһĻҺʥŮҺ־Ҳں֣֮
ΪǿߣʥͷһѹʮͷԼҶˣ޷ɣʥʵ̫ǿˡ


2203 Ӫ纺ͻϮ̵
ǣͫǵ⣺̫磬ܻ죬Ҳӵʥǿ󣡡
ҶɲǼ䣬ԺҲͷ
ʳ¥ϼƻӪȼƻһֱΪҲһð취˳رһͬõ
ģÿͷֻʣһѡ
ΨǿͻϮɱԷһֲΨһЧİ취
˿ʼΧӣоһ취

̵۳Χˮ֮УһˮӺ֧֮Уˮ˾Ȼӷѹȣֻ΢΢ѹˮ˵Ĺģ
ˮ֮УԪ˫ֺʮͷųϢȻܰѹںġ
ںϢ֮ٶԽԽ졣
Ϊõ콣һ㱾Ҳֵã
ԪɨΧˮ򣬽ֲٺϢааЦСӵǴЩһֱܣĲ֮лˮ㣬ΪƬˮ򣬱޷ҳ
ıӡٶȣһ콣ʼȼգںյĺˮϢ
ͬʱ
̵۳ǻЩˮ档
ֻĪаһı֮ϣԼһֱĬţʱ˷еٶȣڰ֮пôݡ
ˡ
ͻأһͻȻĪаǰ
ĪаϲЦȻСӵ콣ϢԪĽҲãԪ֪ʲôⱾ£ˮ֮׷СӵϢֻҪ׷ԪϢһͬҵСӵϢ
˹ʵʦ׼Ԫ֣
ΪʦˣһͬСӣȰնɱȵõе콣һоżȥ׷ɱСӣ콣κһõݵĻԶӦһݽϢСӳ˳ҲӲΪʦ׷ɱΪʦٶȺܿ죬㲻֪ǰһʱ䣬ΪʦСӶˮת
һλ񣬾ȻԶԸ
ʴΪʦЩ⣬֪Ԫ֮ʹӳ˯֮ѣЩȡ̤һ磬ξͲ鷳ˣԪ̫żһζ׷СӣԼ콣Ϣɢˮ֮У
Ȼͷųһ꣺ˣƬˮλãӦâΪ̵۳ǵĸˮ֮Уϴ׷ɱǵĺǿ߹ʣˮһͷ
˽̵۳ǣĪа޵ʵҼӿٶǰȥ
̵۳Ǿ½ԶйһЩ˽⣬̵۳Ƭˮǿһ̻ҲһǿߣΪѾﵽ߽λԪʼ񣬶̵۳ǣһΪռݸһʵ΢΢µ½
Ȼʵ˵СѾǿ֮ĩ޴ӣֻǱ̵۳Լˣڶ֮̾£ӻǺ󣬶޷콣ֲԪٶͻȻӿ졣̵۳ǿһ뿪Ƭˮֻһ˸ӷ£Ȼи߽λԪʼȻһѪս
ʦСģ
֮󣬲һ˱֮зɳֻĪа˲ʧˮա
̵۳ˮ
ҶһͬӪʥŮҪҶ˵İȫһȳʥŮùǣ̵۳ǣ
ʮǿߣΧһֵϣǰڵǡ
飬Ѿʱ֣ʥֱ֣̻۳֣رʣԪʼ֣ҶȡơһӪ纺
ж֮ǰʥߴͷҪҶ⿴Ҷͷ̵ٻйʥͷҲ뿿
ƣʱʱ̿׼߶ѪҲֹ㣬ֻҪܾȳ纣κδ۶ʲô
֮ʮһǰڲĻʳǣԶ̵ٻʵй纺Ϣ
׼֮ǰҶҲҪһжԸ׼ĿǰɱﵣǳƵ̡
ٺ٣ϴΰҪѪͷ̵ٻҪ군ˣ
ƿҲҪ߶ѪɱһƬ
ˣ
ߴԪʼ֣ͬʱһӡֻʼӴ磬ҿʼɽǿȣһ㻯ǿĲ󷨡
ͨ
ʱ֮ߴ˳һͨͷųһ֮ͨУһǳʱ˲Դӷ֮д
ʮ̤磬ǰһǿڻʹΧѲߣԪʼϢϵ͸
ȷǰ
ԽƬֵ֮Ŀ⣬ʱһӲӵĹΧ
ʥŮУλǰ鷳ˣǴʹһ̣߶ռͨϾȳʥŮ޷λǰʱ֣
ȻףҲᾡЩʹ֮УԪʼͷܵѹȣҲ޾԰գ
ߴͷͬ⣬ҶٶԻһͿʼȴ
֮ߴͷʼ׼Իʹ֣ʥǱҲͬʱҪ̻۳֣ɫ쳣أ̵۳֣ʱʱ̶̿Σա
𣡡
ʱ䣬ÿ˺Ȼֹͣߴ֮һľͷͻȻһʹ֮ϣͬʱҲʹƣһʱĺǿ
䡭
ټĻʹ࣬ͬʱҳıըâǶòϲ
ʥҲͬʱ̻۳֡
ಡ
һУͰѻʹ飬ʹҲʼ飬ߴɱʹ֮УҶ߶ǧͼ纺ϢΪ꣬ųơȻȥ
ʱҶϰǻʹǿƣǽƴﵽԪʼ߶ȣƴڣ޷ģߴͷ֣֮ѽƻͿͷųǧͼױȵ
ಣ
գۼ䣬ڴǧͼ£˳һĹ纺棬ҶȱҪֱӴȥֱ纺ߣȻôǧͼ뿪ʹһжɡ
벻纺⣬Ȼһ赲
²˳٣нƣ֮УмǿϢܲô࣬ҶƣǿĽƣƣ
Ѫħ֣֮
͵ҶȷʩضŽƣһȥ
һѪ֣ȻǳƵΪһΧˮռ䶼ڲ˲нƣƿ磬ˡ
Ҵʵˮ򣡡
һҶȶԣ΢΢ЩϤɱЦӹֻ֮ʮһ붼ԪʼʣǸ߽λ˲Ϣɱˡ
Ҷɫһ벻ô׼ۼǿߣ
ߣⲻʲôϴ󣬿ģ
ͻȻţƺķǰʮɱǿߣƺ˲ܰѳ˺÷顣
ͬʱڲǰһ꣬ͷŷӡ֮ƺ޷Ӧ纺ɭɭɨҶˡ
ɩӣ
һ棬׼ŭҶȡ磬ԼƣƵſ죬һѪħ⡣
ССʲô
ʮͷмЦЦﶯƣųѪâһȥ
Ժͷ֣Ʋδ˿ݣԼɵʼͬǰ㣬Ц޼ɵֱһЦүүģҪ̵۳Ǹˣ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬Ѫħʮͷʱڹ֮ǰײһкͷ벻ǣѪħ˲÷飬Ȼֱ򹬵ȥ


2204 
ٻʣ
ͷǣôҲ뵽һǿ⣬ǵѹ
Ѫ̵ֱٻʣͷܲȥ
䣡
Լ赲Ѫħ֮ǰѪħ⣬ֱӾһһʼը
Ѫ΢նɱ߽λ񣬼ֱͬһס
ЩԶסǵĳүү
˲䣬˫ͫȼѪ֮⣬ɱĴ󿪣Ϊ纺ҲΪҶȡ
ٻ˺󣡡
ʣµľԪʼͷ˵̵ٻǰһͬһˮˣٲٵѪħɱȥ
䣡
ײ֮±ըûкһԪʼͷȴú˺üǰԪʼ˲ʧʧߡ
һУնɱ߽λԼһԪʼͷ
Զаٻʣ뿪
ʣµĺͷѪս֮󣬷׷׿ǳƵʶж£̵ٻ뿪
ಣ
̵ٻʴ纺ϰա
ݣ
ոճ֣һ޽ǰֱüġ

˭̵ٻʵΪ̫ˣֻһһմ̳޽÷׷顣
ƨٻʣ㻹ȥģ
һȼѪħ֮ĳƣʱǰͬʱһƻֻʮǱҶȴһֳ
ʵ̷ˣ
̵ٻʼֱһƣ˲䷢һΧͷһ֣ͷԭҪӪ纺ģ벻ƾȻԪʼǷ
˶ƨã
ʱ˿̣ơҶȡƯڰգ̵ٻ赲ΧԼԪʼȴΧס
ֻǺ̹ܶͷҲΧɱ֮УΪһӳʮԪʼͷ˲ѹƣܶԸֻаķݡ
ƶ˵ȫʧȥơ
ơҶȡƫƫһ򾲡ŭģ´ǿߣֻǿҵ纺ȳ
벻Сӣ޸֮벻һˣԱնɱԪʼˣҲǸħСӣͷŵĪаȣ˲ŵĪаƿأ
һ˫ž֮ɫ˫ͫԶˮӻʹһб仯
˫ͫˣԪ
ҪͻȻҶȳ֣ץסҶȣ벻ħ𱬷նɱԪʼȴ
벻ƫƧˮСӣһһأԶԸ
ԪѰһᣬͻȻӦʲôĪаҲƬˮˣǺãҾͰȶԸСӣȻǸħСӵ֣ûˣ
뵽һһʯİ취߶콣ͷųȥ
ڽ࣬ǿߣȻɱˮ̣һҲҲҪŹ
̵ٻҶ˶Ƭ̣ڼ䣬ۼĺǿߣȻǧ֮֮࣬ϵΪΧ޷Χɱ
ƿ纺״̬£̵ٻ´
ɱɱɱ
ǧ֣ǶôֲһĻ󲿷ֶ̫ˣǰ˲ϢܽΪƽء
ҲǼҶѾǵЩâߣʹĵߣվھ˵ļκξ˶档
ٺ٣ɱ٣ϴ˻ղغʬ壬֮ǿܾҪﵽ߽λˣ
ͻȻΧˮռ䣬˲仮һԲȦһѪħâ˱Ӧ˵Ҷ硣
ʱͻȻɳѪԲȦ˷ȻȲЦݣһץѪ콣ͬʱϣҲһѪס
ͬʱͷĹųƺѹһԪʼ񣬶ҪһУɱ
ǳƲ֣Լܣͦй
䡭
гƣըѳΧˮռ䶼˺ˣұըҲʼϯΧʹһʹʼΪ촷ۡ
ˡ
뱬ըľҶ磬Ӻһ԰ףΪֹ֮˲佫նɱǿۼ֤λ֮¡
ûк˰벽ΪѪԲȦȻϯײ׷׸ȥһԲȦȻ赲ͷĹ
ȻⲻǳƵԶţɱ¾һѪ
ʹ㹥ʲô
ըˮ״̬
˺ѿռˮ֮еĳƣȻ˺ѿռ乥ϵѪףռ˺Ѷ޷
ѪħͷźĵĲƣƿΧĿֱǰ̵ٻϣȻһȥҵմЦƨٻʣҲһԪʼڣеͱں棡
̵ٻȻƵΧǰдͷһֱһ޼ɵģ
ʲôݣǸ߸ϵĻӣʲôʸ뱾ʳ̵֣ٻӦһ䣬һӡ
ڼ䣬ĺͷҶˣԼΧɱͷ㡢Χס
һǰ̵ٻǰĺʼ趯еѪħҲһͬɱ
ͣ
ֻƺޱ飬ŷŭɱһֱۣѪħɱĺͷ
ݣ
ͣ
һ룬ԭӦñһĻ
Ѫħ֮ǰѺһ飬Űѷĺһһ룬ԼȫֵסѪħÿһȥоΪСԼʥڳ֮£ʥһм֮¡
ǰһĻֱǻɱɱ
⡭
Զˮ磬ĪаϢҹǻ׷콣̵ǣֳѪħնһ㣬ɱͷֱԼ۾
һᣬŻ˷ԪӰӣϢȴɢƬˮѵüһǹףñ׷ٶҳֶԸǼСӣٳ֣ѹСӣԪ̴̫˰ɣ
أбҲǾԪӶ½ǿߣѵĵǾͿ˭ģҾͲţ˺õĻᣬܰװ׷Ź
ĪаȻӰûٿһ
һˮ
ԪͻȻ֮ɫҡҡͷɺ޵Īа񣬾ȻϵС
ǿ߰в֮ʣ̵۳ǻʹϷը޴Ļʳǣ֮ѻ
벻ֹͷ˿ס
ܵѪµԲȦУ˲ͷ亹˿ҿһԵҶȡ
Ҷ⣬˽ƵˣȻƽʱһֵӣһǾͷţҲҳҲ˼ϸһ棬ʵûѡֻܻȥٹ˼̣Ѫѹأ
˵֮ҶȿʼѰʱ̵ٻУ纺֮£纺ûκζ洦һʶӡ״̬֮С
Ҷȳûʼռʬ壬ϴƶֱ̤λһΣ̤߽λҲ⡣


2205 ĪаԪɱ
ɱɱɱ
֮Ǻʬ嵹¡
ĺôļ̣ڳƴ߶Ѫ£·Ƶģ趯Ѫħһһκκ޷ֵһǿֵסҲֻʣ°
ٻʣ
ֻǰʱħһˣɱǧΧŵö
ʮԪʼͷ޷ٵȥ̵ٻǰҪٻʣҪԳƳ֡
ôԪʼֵĻ˵赲ħǰµĳħ
ⷬٶȻӲҶȵĶ䣬ǰƣСЩԪʼҪ֣
ٺ٣ϴ󣬿ΰɩӾȳ
ܵҶѣôŲѺֻɱ̵۳ǣȻȳ纺ȡ̵ٻʵԴ
ҶҲû߶ߣԼǧͼֻҪƵᣬ̵ٻʷĿ꣬һΣɲ޽ˮҪˮ͵Ϯ̵ٻʣӦ˵ǽնɱ
ʵûУٶȣռͨȴԪʼԱȼġ
ΧǿΧɱʿҲҶⷽ£ΪԪʼǣھȻȲһħ
ƺ
Զˮ֮С
ԪһֱڹעҶȵһһɱɱȥ˰죬ƺſȻƺȳǸƵĺŮ񣬲ϧԪʼԿΪȳһλŮ
λŮȻ˶ԣʮҪ
ҲǳͷŵʵԼҶȴ޷͸أǾͷԪͻȻǰǸֱҶȳֵĸǿߣǿʼ취ҪõҶϵ콣
ɱ̫ˣԪܲɵǼǳƴ߶ĪаĹȣ˲ӳЩ˵ӵпԪʼ
ȻԪţȥԸҶȣһҪħֻ֣취ԸҶȡ
ᣬƺѾУĿ⿪ʼ纺ϡ
Ϣ
ǰʹҪսһӻԪٴУﵽ߽λԪʼĸ֣ɱоȻһ֣ǿߣ
Ԫ֪кεͷȻܸӦʥݡ
ôƫԶˮܵǿߣһʿǼΪԵĴڣͻƻ񡭡
ĿƻעҶ纺һһ
ЩԪʼҪ𣿹үɱǣ
ʹ֮ϣǧͻȻɢһˮϯЩǿԪʼͷ

˵ʱʱ죬ǴЦȻұһѪħһˮ֮ϣˮ˿ʼ飬ˮһʱץһơ

һ磬һѪâʱơ
䣡
Ѫâ˲飬ɢʹͷԪʼϵƳûҪնɱʱ󷽼ɱ
̫ԵˣǶͷ
˵ĺͷŵһ麹ȻԪʼͷϣһͷ֮һһʼӡ
ˣ
Χˮ򣬿ʼӿŶʮԪʼӡϣʱһˮʼΪ磬˲УӰֻʣһ׾޴ˮ硣
ȣ
ɹͨԪʼͷųֱ绹Ҫ̣Īа߶ȣ˲ϢסҶˣǽѪ˻޷ӳ
񣬶ʮͷȻǸ߽λԪʼ񣬿߶ĹȣȻĪаһ˵Ĺȣǿ
ã
̵ٻȻȵǿɿҶȵˣ࣬Լʿ

Χˮʼǧǰ̤˶˵֣Ʒ˻Ҳ˲նɱҶԼ磬˻Ȼﵽ߽λ
Сģ
ͷվҶȡ˱һ֣ͬ߹âӿ֮󣬱ˮ縯ʴҲѹǻӿ˻ʼײһʱʹΧˮռ䣬Ҳʼ
ߴͷҶȡó֣ʵҲ޷֣пռͨԼѪˣûʸԼս˵ǧʮ޷Ըġ
ԼͷѾƣһñᱻΧ̵ٻѾ޽ģЦ
ᡭ
˭Ҳ벻ͷҶȣȻ̵ٻһһֻƵĿֲȴԶ󲻵ҶȵĿ֮
Ѫ죡
˲䣡
׵ˮȣͻȻŭ𣬽ţˮ磬ȻѪƣоǳ֮Уǿ챬ը
һɻϢʱͷųĺ׷ױϢסˡ
䡭
ˮ֮£ԼʮԪʼ߶£ȻڲʼըȼյѪűըˮķѡ
ۡ
ʮԪʼͷͬʱÿͷһѪһʱ䱻޷
ôܣ
󷽵̵ٻʣˡ
ƨٻʣ
ƳѪ֮УֳѪħͬƵģڶʮͷΧ£ƺҲ˿ͷڣҪʼԻˣһֳѪħֱһһ̵ٻʡ
󲿷ֺ޷ӦǶʮԪʼ÷׷ˣ޷̵ٻʡ
ʿɲǳسģȼµĴڣ
̵ٻʾȻҰ纺һԣ¿µĽ磬Ȼұӿһѩ׵Ĺǵ·ٻʰһħ
ƺģûᣡ
ƾȻ̵ٻȥˣֻʣ纺ҶǧѷĻᣬ߶ǧͼ纺ϢΪ꣬ʱȥ
ٶӦúܿ죬һܴﵽ纺ߣǰռų̵ٻʽ֣֮УˣѹӰ죬ѾҶʵʮؼٶҲΪ߶ߣٶȸ
ҵģ
˲Ϣ䷢ơҶȡ̵ٻʶ벻һӰ֮ǰȻֳֽһѹ纺֮ϣһˣԪ˳ĳ֣ٶȣȻҶȡ
ҶȶȻͣ纺ˣʢŭѣԪ
Ԫֳֽѹ纺֮ϣɫЦһҶȰɣӦ֪ĿģҪıһŮ˶ѣҵں
úúã
һĻ̫죬̫ͻȻ벻ԪֹͷɱҶȣ纺
Ҷźڣʵ뵽ĪаԼԪʱ֣
޳Сˣ
ҶȺѡ񣬴Ӧ콣ʱһϤʥȻһָӡԪ
Ԫһ纺ľƯˮա
ಡ
ʥԶһҶһѣ֪Ԫ𿪣ԱˮȻһӰĪа
Ŀ꣬ȻҲ纺
ͷͷɱҶȶ޷ȥĪаҪ纺ʱΧȻɱͷԪʼ

Īаε赲һ
󡭡
Ҷȼæ߶ģǿʵ״̬߶ԼǧͼҪò׳ֵĻǰȳ纺


2206 벻Ľ
ǿ״̬´ܵǿ߽γɵĶˮ֮Ӱ죬ҪҶԼǧͼ˺ѡ
Ǳʵģ
̵ٻʰѳƾͷԸƣʱһʴˮҶԼĪа񶼸ƿ
纺һۿһ̵ٻС
纺飬˵˾Ϊȡ纺ĺ֮壬һ纺ϣػ·һ³֪
ҶȺ޵ʵ̫ˣٶȡʵ޷̵ٻʿ⣬ֻ纺УʵҶֻ£סѾ˲š
ˣǿ߽棬ͷͷսĪаҲס̵ٻ纺ҶȴĪΨһˣͻȻʧһ㡣
Ԫ
ۿ̵ٻʣٴƿ纺ʱʧԪȻɱٶȾȻ̵ٻʣһӭ϶ԷָҲõ

ǿ潻棬ʵϣֻһУͻ̵ٻʾԪԪһ̣֪ʩչεȵת˲Ϣ䣬Ͱ纺ڵĺˮռ䣬Ϊȡ
ɱ࣬죡
̵ٻʲԪ֣ͨһͷˣһͬΧɱԪʼǹԪɱ֮ͨ
ǰսԪʼͷҶȱ˵ھͷγɵƣ޷һ¡
ǰһ̵ٻʾҪƿ纺ֲԸԪ纺絶ʡ
ԪҲӷѹȣôܣѵҲʮ٣̫һǰ
ҺҶȲδ˶ʧȥ侲ͻȻԪ磬ͬһ㣬ȥ磬ˣΪԪ֮죬׷ɱ̵۳ǣͬԼ˿ӵѹȡ
Ԫ̫ˣȻǴͷ
һγɽ״̬纺Χһͷ໥ɱԪĪаץס纺ԴҪЮҶȣҶ磬Ѿ޷Ψгħǰ̫赲һʱҲ޷ɱ纺ڵˮ
Ҷ̫ȳ纺ʩչԪ޷ȳ纺ΪԪǲƵģҶҲֻõһ֣ΨҲпܣǴ߶Ԫ֮޷кȫնɱһҲ޷ȳ纺
ԣҶֻܵȴᣬȴɱȥ
̵ܣ
֪ʱжվٴδ߶Ѫħһα
ͣ
Ѫˣ˫ǰͷʱͷΪһ顣
СӣǸħСӣӵеƺԪʼ޼ɵɱ̵۳ǣȻвԪʼ̣ԺҪõӵ콣Сӣƺϼѡ
Ԫ̵ܵٻʣԼͷΧȻʵͷŹƿ纺һˮʱ˫ͫ·𶳽һ㣬޺⡣
ԹƲɼãҪץСӣ̫ĪаСӺܴĪаҾԾܣĪаնɱ֮Ӯң񲻸Ӽ򵥣
ͷ֣ԪԵôݲȣ˼ƣĿʱʱԶҶȡ
ϧǱǱĻ׾նɱĪаԼСӡ
Ԫʱ˿̣Ȼ˫ᣬȻ󱬷һ𻨡
СģƺҪʩչ
ֻǹȥսɱòɿ
̵ٻһۼԪͻ䣬쳣
跨Ԫʼ޼
ԪͻȻȫȼ
Ȼһ
̵ٻŵüæˣΪ˵ԪӾ㵣ǿıСģƺҪԻٷͷŽ磬뿪
ԪǷ
ս֮ҶȣȻѰһᣬ̵ٻʵռ̾ĿҲٿȻԪϡ
ԪһǿӵвܺѹȵǺεȵͷ
ˡ
ԪȼͻȻ纺ڵˮȣȫΪƬȼջ棬ֻ纺ڵĹȣȻһ̣ǿг̵ٻͷľ޴硣
ϧǵĽסԪȼշľ纺ĹȲײ磬ͬһźڰеǣƺڰ磬ʧòӰ

Ҷ˻
Ҷȣ⺣ŮҾʹˣϣܵõĪаϵıȻɽʱñﻻŮģڼǲᶯֺ죬ĪаɱˣűǾͱֱ
ʧˣԪЦȴ翪ʼ
ɽ
̵ٻԼΧĺͷĸǼȵ𺳣̵ٻʴʱŭʨӣתӳơ纺ԼǿߣǣǣñʳΪˮϣ𣬱ҪԶڴᣬڽ֣նɱ

̵۳ǱâǿжٵĺԼǿߣ
֪ˣﵽǿߣΧٸҪϳնɱˡ
纡
ҶȴʱԵޱߵʹࡢ֮УۿһҪȳ纺ǰ纺ȴʧȥڶҶȻйǡ
ϴǵ뿪
ͻγɵĽ˭Ҳ벻նɱʮͷʱΧǿߴΧɱ׼ϹæҶȷ
Ҳ˾ͷ֣ˮ˹˺ƤѵҶߣ뿪˵ʵȥɽ
ˮħȣ
ǿ߾ҪΧŭɶ̵ٻʣ̫նɱѾڿʼù
ԪúݵֶΣвҶȣӶõ콣̴˰ɣҶɱңҲ̫ˣ
һˮĪаϣʼѺΧɱˮһȥ
Сģ
ͻȻҶˡԼͷںһ𣬳һԿϹ֮ʣϤʥ֮Ȼ
̻۵ͷ­Ҫٸ׷̵ֱ۳ǣ
һӲӵӰֶʥһѪ֮ϣȻһͷ­
ͷ­߸߾ʱеĺһţ̵ٻʣڱԵ
ͷ­ĸ
Ԫʼ죡
ʥһ䣬һ֮⣬֣ԼΪһ⣬
ǻסʲôΪҸʱ𣡡
̵ٻʿɲʥвŭڣźͷ׷ȥ
ǵٶȣεеùǿͷ
ʱһ֧֮С
ڰȫˣ
һͷųʥҶȡơԼʮ˵ĺǿߣһһֶ
˶¶ϲãҶȡơȴ˲ҶȣԵЩãȻ޴롣
ɽҶȭͷ߬ؽڸ֨Ħ
ǷʹȰϴееǻᣬֻʱޣǶ޵ʱﵽԼߵĸ߶ȣʱػҵɽ
ҲǰһģҶһܣҲùɽĴʲô̵۳ǡȵģżȻŹɽĴ˵ҲǺֻ֪ɽ̫ǿˣ
ʥҲ˵ˣȻʥŮɽʿСȳҲǵ£ҲɱݣɽͨӦÿԾȳʥŮ


2207 ްԣɽ
ʥⷬҶΪ֮һ
ˣʥڵ壬ǿ壬Լǵ壬Ҳ޷ᲢۣĴҲܿĴڡ
ϣֿϣ
ҶŵʵǰɽںηǺεȵĴڣ
ɽ
ʥ֮󣬳ĬƬ̣𼸷꣺ɽνһ޴ʷԴԶңҲ޷˵ǺʱģĳǣЩ󣬲̵۳ȽϣϤâ̵ֻ۳ˮһС̵۳Ҳֻ壬һСɽͬĴڣУĵλκε۹Լ½֮£ƿص½࡭
һֱɽеľްԣ磬޿ɺǵҪ֮һȻȲǿ󣬵ҲСɽ֮УдĻǶվĴڣǶʸľͷ
ҶȣűĻش˵ףҪһ⣡
֮ʥĿٿȻҶϣͣƬʵɽĵӣһ֮УΪŵľӢ֮ǰϧʥŮԪѾǿűҲӽ߻Ĵڣʵ뱾࣬ɽ֮УҲǾΪΡΪ㣬ϧɴ½ˮһΪУ
ȻΪ˱ԸңҲԲң
ʳ֮󣬲ҶȻشʥԼ̾ϢɽмҲһϵԪϧﺣ壬ʥŮйϵȻҲ֪ΪıǾĴڣ߱Ժȥɽ޷ʥŮ
ʵ𣿡
šɽӰ죬һֱģʥ׵
Ŀ⣬ʱҶϣҲˣ֪콣ҪԣԪĪа񲻹һᣬȻǾ
һУҶԼ֮С
ֻǺ䣬ҶȾѡʥʩǰԪԼһ׷ɱǿߣΪ꣬콣
𣡡
ʥһȻû뵽ǹı𺳵̾͹ֲˣ𣬾Ȼλ˼Ĵڣ
Ҷȵ˶Ҫ˽
ʱʥĿһࣺΪԵõ񼣵ľţӵһ̣ͳΪΪҫ۵ţԪ֣̫Զˣ̤Ԫʼ񣬾Ȼͽ֮УõıԼڶʱ䣬Ϊ̤߽λԪʼֱٴ磬ΪǿߡͷԵΪŻǿ׷ɱաǹѲڣ䣬ȴû˵õΪ콣ɢʱոֻһֱ콣δ֣㡢ԪԼǸŮͷȻպ콣ӵߣ
šҶĬĬӦ
ϧˣִ
ʥʱȻһڣʱ֪ĻһпܶĪаԪ֡
Ȼغ콣Ǿ֪õݱ֪ɽ콣õܻôɽԪʼӣǶܽ죿Ȼʱڣ׷׶Ϊ߻ôɽǳΪǿ嶼ǵĶ֣
ȻȵıҶȣǸ⣬Ҫջ֮ǰǷҳ棬ԪҲܽ콣ڻ֪ΪǸ˻ǴɽɽǲʥŮģ
ʴȥɽȻǰȥһˣ˵ӵ콣ܣ֮ڣʹΪʸ֮ģԪȴԵõɽ
𺳡飬ʥϵľ̾
ΪĴڣ̻ۣȡͷ­εǿ󣬻ʿȴΪҲֻҡͷ̾Ϣ
飬һӱøӣҺͷ
Ҷȶԣֿɼϣһβп飬ͬ纺ǰʧȴһ
ϴֻܿԼһ·ƼæοҶȵȻһοҶɫ𽥱Ȼ
Ҷʥǰɶر
ᵽһŭ
һŭʥ̾ѾһУòնɱ̻ۣӦرƿߣɱ֪֮ڲ֮ǰհرȥˮĴ塭
ǡ嶼õر
𾪵ѿڶ
ζҺҪرĿǰǼܵģٶʱΪĿǰҪǿҺһЩԡ鷳ˣҺ鷳ҲĴ鷳һоرܣƱػ죬ʱȻҺ巢
ΪͷʥʱԵúΣҺرҺƣҲԼԦر޼ɵ½֮У˲رܽԵʱҺ干ͬѣ²˳٣벻ӡľƣҪʼı䣬ôϹǣϸ壬ص¸֪棬һȥ
˵ʥҶˣԵҶȣ֪ΪΣͻȻоϣһúԶںϡԼñϤζȻҺˣϵ˾汾ȥ壬ǣΪΣ
֪Ҷȵնؾлǰ⣬ǾԼⳡΣ֣Ȼ취̤ɽӪʥŮ£ϣǰȥ֮뺣߲϶ȥ塢壬ʱǰҲ٣
ȻˣһǣҪСˣ콣ԪʼõģЩҲõﲻĸ߶ȣǿǺϣﵽģ˭ӵ翵񼣣أ

ʥһȭ֮ʮͷںϯȥ
Ŀ֮˳Ĭһ󣬳ҶǰǸȥֱȥɽ

Ҷȿƽʱǰ侲ת߿գȥ
һ̫⡣
ǰôˣǷߵĵãԼ԰һȥͻõıӻ
ؼҶȵķ֮Уʮ߾ͷֻǵʥأҲֻԱǡ
ֵǣ׼ðɣɽЩɶǴԼâСط硭ʽˣ
һһĿᶨգʧȥ
ۡ
ǳңԶ磬һ·֮ƺɴڵ޿ռС
һ۵Ԫ֮УͻȻ޷壬ǰһ㣬ʱһѪ
ȻıһǱòɣδдôġ
ԪʹĲѣһ󶼳ڱʹϧ֮С
Ҳգȴصõ콣ĿܣԪʼѾˣõܣҾһΪҽҪΪ񼣵ˣ
ʱȥӭλŮˡ
Ϣ֮Ԫɫ𽥻ָվϢʼӡ֮󣬱ƿնȥ


2208 ͻĽλ
Ե
ˮһǳâ˸ҶȡơһããȻ˵֮У½ڷȥ
һȥǷɹޱˮ򣬵½֪Ҫöꡣ
ָȥ뿪̵۳ǸңԶõ̵ٻ׷ɱ
Īа񣬿ʱҲ޷׷αΧɱӦöҲһӰ죬߳δĪа´ӴԺҲɵ
֮ããˮˮ棬Ҷ˷Ȼһ˵죬պôں֧롣
ĵӦһĵȷ̤ĺۼֻЩ͵ȵޡ
ɳƳ֣Ѫ֮һﵽ߽λԪʼĽ磬һ˿ӱκԪʼӦȻĪаΧ߶콣ĻпҵҶȵϢ
Ѳõ̵۳ǿ߱
ƣ͸磬̫Ҫܳʱָܻ
ڽ֮Уֱʱ˲ŴӪ纺Ϊɱ̵۳ǵһĻĻлع
ҶѾ׼ʬ壬ÿڝbɳǱΧ֮Уһз紵ݶҶ̻֪
գۣһɸߵĲ¯ֶҶȻһһ߾ʬ壬¯֮УһһЩͽλʬ壬ڸ߽λʬ壬ʱԺա
ҲâŵĶʮߣһһĨɱȡǵĴ֮ʬҲ¯֮Уŷ¯֮ȵȼգʮʬ壬Ưڻڣôʬ壬˶ԣǺܾˣֻάĿǰжѡ
֮ӿ¯ΪɣֱҶȡơ翪ʼգ֮Ув¯յǺֻΪ˻ָԪںϣȫո
ͬʱҶҲǵɽʮߣȻҪڻĵܳʱ䣬ԾҪ뿪񸮣һռУһ˫õ
ƹ֮ͨ󣬳һռ䡣
Ҷͷͨзߴ˵֮˶Եúܼڲһֱڷ֮Уǵ֪ҶȥѰ;к󣬸ӵԿ
֮У󲿷ֶʱİģͲһǵĹ;
ռ֮УڷʼҶΪ׼õǴﵽ߲㹻ĿǰУǱϾвϲ֮䡣
Ҷȸչ֮ˣ罣ն졢ֶ۵ˣΪ񵤡
źˣҶֻص磬
ʱ䲻ʧλˣڰڣմǳƣ̾ҪͻĽλ
磬˽⣿
ûãƾ뿪磬ȥĵ֮ͻȥˡ
ʣҶ磬Ҷȿʼ˽Ϣ
Ƕų⣬Ϊɽ磬ɽ½磬߸ϣжԷߣǸʱѾʼչʱʱķ٣ʱӵҾͲ֪ˣԷߵǱĿǰҲﵽɽĸ߶ȣɽһ
λãһ治ֻ֪Ǵ֪룬֪֪ˣ͸ʥ˽һ£
̾Ϣ¶Щڵɫ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʥĵֻк壬ǵ£ԼǲǰУһһ½ǵ磬ȻҲ˽⣡
ʥĵǰɣʵǶҲҪ֪˲յ磬͸оܣǾͿɽ硢磡
ǴﵽΪǣҲȥ
ͻȻ뵽ڹǿߣ
ҶȽ̸磬͵񣺡ȻǿߣĪڹйϵйϵ˵ѾͨһЩ̤ϢݸûʮҲǷߣһ𣿡
㲻㣬һЩˣλڹǿߣҪǵϢ֪Ӧöʱ޷ɣֻʮпܣϴ߶һϹŶͶһʮп֪һУ˵Ҳڵȴȥǣ
ʱǴﵽ½кܶ෽ҵǵٶȣ֮Уȸ߽λ񣬵ʱѪǵٶȿԴﵽԪʼ񣬵ʱȥ½Ҳǧң
ʱȣҪѪһ
ҶȵͷͷѾкĴ㣬δÿһҪĿǰҪľĪа
ˣ
һѪӰ˸ǳɹͻĽλĳƣǰ֮ǰȻͬ
뿪磬մԼ֮ҲҪ̤Ľλ
̫Сˣ񣬰ǾƾԼԪʼ񿹺⣡
ѵͷһ⣬ûΪͻƶһƨ£׳˶
¯Ԫڷȼ£ںϣƺܿͬʱҶҲһתռ䣬ڷա
תۣǰȥвٷ߶ͻƣвϲ۷
˳ͻƻع飬žƿز¯Ҷһ뿪磬Ϸ֮ϣͬʱ߶ǧͼԶĵ
ǱĪаĸӦӦϢĵȴǰȫġ
֮󣬵ʼĿԴΧԪϱգѾڲϾ֮УԪԽС
Ƹ̫ˣһĴ䣬κһʥأ
֮УҶҲڴռĺ䣬ԼԪʼĴ䣬Ǿ˵ĲƸӸС
ƺգ֮䣬ʮȥ
ᣡ۽Ҷڱ˫һϣԪһȻΪһһߴСԴҶҲ˳̤Ľλ
飬Լ飬ͻƣʱ䳬ʥʥͻһݾʮ£ȴҪꡣ
ͻһݾ磬ɱһٶȿʮֹ
У֮ʮȥҶȴ㣬ν˰ꡣ
߶ǧͼ˲Ϣͻصĵ֮УȻǧͼ֮УʼԼͨȵȡ
ˡ
˻ĵͻȻһѪâʧҶȡơƯڻĵ֮ϡ
λ꣬ǲָƣҲͻƵĽλ񣬽ǵٶֻ٣
ϴ󣬽Ѫɣ
ȵľ仰
Ŀᶨ磬һͷѪâһҶһЩ̴߶Լǧͼ

ǳâˣ֮С
˴ռͨٶȣһ񣬶Ī
Ѫ£Ҷ´߶ǧͼգٶѾԼ뾪֮УһܴԽľ룬ܴâ
⼸ܾˣڷҲڼ䣬ʳҶĴǴﵽв۷壬ϲ۷壬ʱ䣬ǾܳΪϲ񣬻Ǹ߲
ָҴڲϴ֮ӹ
½Ϣ
Ҷȼǳâ֮𿪡


2209 ´Īаɱ
̤֮ǳâǰˮ򣬾ϲһʮĴ½Ưˮ֮УΧвٵĵ죬˹ģǴ½أ֮е½ࡣ
ȥ½أ̫ˣҲǧ꣬ĵڶ½ͨµõ꣬п
䣬ѾƯڴ½Ϸ
´
ߣҶȴʿ֮УܿϤ·½һЩ
һΧ磬Ǵﵽ߽λ߶ȣ봦һԪʼ߶ȵ󷨣´Ԫʼɡ
´֮ǰ˺һӦȷжǿߣԪʼҺã´ֻԪʼ
ԪʼΪȴδﵽĪаԪָ߶ȣǱ֣ҪǿһЩ
Ϣ˻ɢ޽´Ҫʯܽ룬ʯ˶Ѿ⡣
磬ǰĴأϤҷϢӭΪߣҶ̫ϲմص
֪ǻɣӦҲΪĿꡭ
½أ˻ٶЩд
ȻĪ֪ͷܻḡֹȥĻ棬ͬҶȾ뵽ʮλص棬ǿ޴Ĵ½㹻Ϊṩ
˹֮˶´˼˽⡣
ԶϵʿǸ߲Щ²в
ڲ࣬ʥɡ۹ǳطֲĽ֮С
һҾ¥úϢ죬֮Ҷ˿ʼѰҽϴ̻ᣬҪѰľλá
ī´һ̻ᡣ
Ҷ̻һҷֵ꣬ѰҹϢ
ջȴЩʧīֻмϢһԪ֮ǰϣûκμ¼
ڻջҪǹɽԼ´
ɽȻȻϺ٣ɴвѿɽʵֲ̫ˣƿŴ´Ĵ½
´ҲǰڶһΪǼ½ӻ
Ǽ½ǸΨһҲ½һͳʮ´С´Ǽ½кܳһξ롣
Ǽ½ͨһʱУܵ磬ĵһ½
ЩʧôЩջ߳ī֮󣬳ʼ磺ϴֻȥǼ½˽⵽Ĵڣ½Ӧòʧɣ
ȥ֮ǰǻ´һȡͻλеԴܳ棬ʵҪĪ̫żһ
̵۳¼һ·ϴƺҶһγɳüһЩϢ
˻һ󹦷򣬷ǳأãã֮Уʼ󣬴߶̫¯ֿʼʵ
ҶҲڷ߳УūҲһռУ޵Ľ֮У˶ڲӶʵ
磬һ嫵չ֮С
̫Ͼ꣬Ϊ
֮УҪŽľˮȼâϢǿޱȡ
ֻ칬ۣڸâ֮УǰǻΪʮɾ޴̫Ͼ̫Ͼ֮ϣֻʦξھ棬徹Ȼ⡣
ⱻ̫Ͼգھ漸ԿЩ⣬ϵΪӨʯ
ˡ
಻֮ʣͻȻüһӡ̫ʼˣ
մӡȻ̫Ͼξ񣬻ػΪޣΧռΪһ
ԼʮϢ֮󣬻̫ʼشۡۡشԼţͷ񣬷糾͵
ͥĴͷһ߸ϵ࣬͸ܵһǵصƣѹȶɽ統࣬Ѿ޷ǿ
Ĵͷʩ
˺òϽȻˣͺúУ׼һУҪΪǷëϴ裬ǧڣһһ̤ʥ񣡡
ǧ̤ʥ񣿡
Ĵͷл֮뿪
̫ʼǰɽ֮УȽ˳ҶǼˣ㻵Һ¡
͸Ρ֮ƵǰյϢܺѾ׻Ϊ棬ҶǼСආ㲻Ҳ޷γвֻСǲǾˣ
ƻǣ
ںϲһµĴǵ꣬ʱľһйȡѾӵ޷ڱԶʵŵԣ̤һֻ֮ںϣ
ֻ֮ţ»޷ڸϻлȫһֻ̤֮һμ
ù죬Ҫһ£ȹͥĴ̤ʥ֮ͰžȥϽγΪʥЩԼȥͣ
شˣ·ģܵƿذɣ
Ȼ뵽һ㣬һʵǵõأȻᷴˮʱҲöԸѾֲǷëϴ֮ʣֲǵԪ֮УǸҷˮҲȲǡ
˫üһᣬӿһɱ⣬ƽڶ£ϾҪԪ֣ҪȱЩʱںйȣ򻹲ԪĶ֣ͷµǿΪ̫ǿˣҺаٱߺ»ϱ֮ôʱ䣬޷Ը
Ҫںйȣ̫ʼѡ
ǰһ֪д٣ԺľһֶΣǰȻһں֮󣬲ãͻﵽһʵЩԪ֮Уռıջʵ˵룬˵˵˵ڵûеǰǿģоͷһǺݽɫ벻شǱԸǵĿӣߡ
ʵִԸ
̫ʼæͬһϣԽǿȻ޺
´
һǼȥ
Զˮһ۵糸Ӱն
ȻĪа
շеٶȣˮʮֹٶȣ䣬Ѽǰ´
콣ϢдСǿ£ٶȴﵽ˾˵ĸ߶ȣȥǰһ½磡
Ȼ䣬Īаɱ
գۣȻƯ´Ϸ
ŭ´ִ߶콣СϢᣬ̫ˣοɲϴΣٸκλᣡ
ɷ󣡡
Īа˲ӡϽӡ֮У˫ͫ˫֮ƯЩǴɷı̫ˡ
һʱ䡣
Ԫʼ񣬽ӡﵽһ꣬Ҫ䲻˼
ѵĪа񣬾ҪͷŮħͷóӶ½ֶͨ
֮С
ôоеģ
УУҶȡơ˾Ҫͻλ񣬵ǲĹ֮УȴȻ˫ۣɫЩȻ
ﵽΪκпΣźšúøӦһΣ˿ӣ
ҶȡҲۣ˶֮󣬸Դ߶ͨͷŸӦʼѰҽΧټ磬ûʲô쳣֮


2210 ɱ¾
ˡ
һӦƺûκη֡
ҶȵĪаɱԴ߶콣Ӧ֪һᣬ龻֮йȻ΢콣
ǡĪа񡭡
žģҶɱĿ⣬ӳơ磬Ͽʼƽ磬Ҳһ
´֮⣡
ɷ
´ȻƯˮ֮ϣΧЩСʹ½Ҳƽʱһ·ֹƵģĪа˫һ֣ĺɷȻֱӸھ޴´ΧȻռ䶼һ̱
ݣ
ĺɷʱ´
䣡
´˷Ǽ̲Ľ磬ںɷ֮£׷飬Ȼ˴½硣
ͻͻͻ
֮´ǿ߷Ӧ֮ڿʼԼըĪаӸ߿ոȥʧȥ籣´ѾըռݣΧˮҲˡ
һϯ𣬰ΧС½ػǵ죬̼ϯǣһжʧˣֻȵĺˮ
֮
ը֮ǳ´лصһɺڸ߿γ֮ƣоͬٵ
ըڽУ´ѾĿȫǣĪа񹥻£֪ٵʥءš۹˲Ϣ𣬶ٵ࣬С
̻ڲڣ´ʼ룬Լһ½ȴѿƬܿͱˮ硣
ಣ
֮УǱӰӶ֮зɳȻԪʼ
ΪԪʼͷʱ߷緶ȫƣˣһ磬󲻿ԣѪ
ŭɶ˭˭ҺľһѪ
ŭ֮ͬд
ǱҺΣ
ͻȻ䣬ӰϻûӰĪаòʩչһŴ֮ͨ߳
㡭
˼ĪаҧһȻͽλԪʼסǼ½֧Ԯ֮ᵽ
ƾǣǼ½ȻãÿӶһ½
ĪаһĿ֮˲һƣץԪʼ
Ǹ߽λԪʼСģ
ͬʱһɹɱԴ֮ӻ֮죬ץһ̷סĪаĹӡ

߿ۻ⡣
˿̣֧ĴϿգҶȡơð亹ϷսĪа治ŮħͷԸԪʼͷݲȣ˸Ķ֣ᱻնɱ
ɫЩ԰ףĪа񷢶һ̣ɺܴӰ죬Ҳֻд߶ѪܱҶȡ磬ҲܵһЩӰ졣
û£ɴ½Ѿڱ֮С
һĻ̫Ϥˣò뵽龰
һǴβͬϴǲ֮У޷ܵԪʼصһΣĪа½
ӣ
ԥҶȴ߶ǧͼơǼ½ȥ
ӣ
Ǹշɳ½ĪаӰͻأ֣ǰÿӰ߶ĿҶһˡ
ĪаĿܣ
ƺüһŭ߶ѪҶȡ籣
ҶȡĪа֣ԷԪʼ񣬶ʵŴﵽͽλ̫ԶˣһУǾпܱĪаնɱ
ΨгƽѪĪа֡
ӣʰ㣡
Ѹײڶ֮ƣѪƣֱĪа

һĪаӶһгƵѪƣʱƽײΧҲײĪаҲͬʱԳչ
ȻĪаѾ֪ҪõҶȣնɱ֮УѶԸĳħ
ʱ䣬춼ǺĪаӶ£籩׹£˿϶
˹ƣչһ棬ӶѪӡѸ͵عһΧѾγһƬĺ״̬
ӣ㲻Ǻܵ𣿡
Χ֮УԵʮ㣬ΪѪѪĪаһȣ缦ʯͷĲ࣬һĪаҲѪĶ֡
ͣ
һ߿ա
Īа´Χ֮УѾһˡ
ֻһâˣȻ˵ͷ­һиͷͬ˦߸֮ϡ
ӣ
ʣԪʼһӵ֮ˣתʹһԪʼǿߣѡܡ
ɱ䣬ͲŹһֻϣ
ɲǼ䣬Īаٶȣչ¶š
䣬ͳԽԪʼˮ߿գһץµָָӡǿ߿ռץúȻ顣
ۣ
˱ɣǿܿסһǵͽλԪʼ޷򣬿Īаһ
ͣ
ĪаһץԪʼͷͷȻժȡĪа񿴿ָմѪ˿̾Ȼ⣬Ѫ
Ůħͷƴˣ
˿´ףһΪҲﵽλԪʼΪκεطǾͷĴڡ
ͬŭʨҪĪаȥ
ͻȻͣ˫ͷżĿ⣬ҷ߿ա
ĪаҲŤͷȥƬ߿գȻʮԪʼ
ʱ̫ʱˣ´оϼһ֧Ԯɱ˿
ΧɱŮ
ʮ֣ɱһ߿գʮһˣĿֻһǾĪаı
ȣ
ĪаɲǺȳһ֮Ǵھϲ֮е´Χռ˲ΪµĹȡ
ȡ
´޷˻ߵźԵ
䣡
ĪаһץȺȻ飬´Źȣһͬ飬һһ𳬹֮ڝbʵȵȵĴڣĪа֮¡
ɶ񣬸Ǽ½
ʮһԪʼɱ
٣ҲķݣĪаӭȥƣȻǴɱ䡣
λǰٰҵȣ
һ߿գҶĪаܲסѾ׼ǿлܣǼ½ͷ̿ʼȡ
䣡
գۼ䣬ͷɱĿ걾Īаܡ
ǧͼƣ
գҶȡƻϣգۼ䣬ҶȾʹ߶ǧͼҲͷѪ˻Ϊǳ֮⣬ƿղˡ
̫ˣôԪʼԼΪᣡӰɣȥη
ĪаһȺΧɱѾս
ҶˣĪаŭգһûᣬҶŭŹ֡
ǰӦǼ½Ҳһ½Ӷˣ
Χɱ֮УĪаɺܴݣʱ˫ͫɱӰһɷ
ңԶˮ߿ա

ǳâҶȡơͷ麹ͷжһ¡
Īа̫ˣΪˣҲų
ϴǸϿȥǼ½۵֮꣬ǰΪֵĪа֮ʵѾ״̬
ѪΪĻֵڡ
Ǽ½ǲȥˣ´벻ĪаȻ޼ɵֱӶ´֡ԣĳǶ˵´ĻֱɵģЩ޹ʿ
˵ȥǼ½ĪаԸ񣬱ȻҲŹǼ½ǸտһҪһ½


2211 ͼ½
ƲΪȻĺߵĹ˵ô࣬ȹԼ˵
ˣģ
ʱĬ֮еҶȣȻƳһ۳ƣ˵ھǣߵﶼӭѣ´𣬾
ټģ̾ҡҡͷ
Ǽ½󷽣½ԽԽ࣬ĪаǼ½ֲסǳûȥһ½Ѱ꣡
ϴģ
󣡡
˲߶ߣԳƵѪǧͼ˲ͷţ֮ͬС
´
Ҫɱң
ʮԪʼͷʬ壬Ưڰգ
һѪˣؿǰȫаƵĪаյģ·ҲĳֲԼǿ߶֮¶һֲơ
Īаǵߡ
ĪаѪǰĿ䣬Ѫ˾ͱƾհһɹаͷŶѪɫʵǼ½ףﵽԪʼεΪ
ߡ߽λԪʼ񡭡ѪսսĻش


ͺãҵҲʶˣӽԺΪĲ°ɣ뱾ӦϣǼ½Ժٲĺô
ǣǣ
Ѫ˲Ŀ⣬ʧʱаҲˣָ֮վĪаһԵù

ĪаһӡеаʧָȻ״̬Ȼһ⣬ֻӵе֮ˣ֮߳
һѪˣɫδжݣĪаʩʦ𣡡
ԺƿأΪʦҪӶḽһ½Ÿ֣ȥΧǼ½ṥ󷨣ĪҪǿߣ
½Ҳ
Ѫһָ֣Ĳ˼顣
ߣ
Ѫ˺ȳһͷһͨǿ߳һͬǰˮ
ԺöѹԪʼ֣Ϊߡ
Īаִ߶콣ڸӦҶȵϢգɽԪһֲһֱ뱾棬ɽĵӣȻûȥɽڵ򣬵ȴһֱţõҶǷ콣ҪõԪǷݽ治ף
ԪΪ֮ϣѹҶ֮Ҫ뾡취̤񣬳ɾԪ㻹סһϺ꣬ҶɱҶȣ˭ʤҪȥɽԽɽõһУǴʮþȣ
Ҷƺṳ̂Ǽ½
ӡʧĪаһϸֳɻ󣺡СÿһжԤϣ׷ȻѡǼ½ѣȻٳߣϣϲİ취
һոµ֮ĪаͷŰշӶȥ
ããգ
һǳʣգ۾Ͳˡ
ʮһ޴½Ưˮ֮ϣΧ´ǰСֱһƬ½
ϼ¼ǰ½Ϊͼ½
߿֮УǳҫҶȡơ罥ٶȣ׷ǰȻңԶ½
ͼ½
磬һ½ء
ȷ봫˵в࣬˵ͼ½½Χκһ½أʮһȥС͡½أоǰˮ
ͼ½ϿգкƺЩƺ֮УȻͼ½ͶӰƴ˵еĺ¥ƺ֮н֯һ׳۵ƺͼ
ĪаٶȣĿǰһ࣬ǿͼ½꣬ô˻ᣬǺúϢһ
ʮϢ֮Ѿͼ½֮Уѡ½˻ѰʿһЩǿ߼󣬽֮С
ƯɽԭҰϿգṳ̂ʵУ𵽴˿̣Ѿǧʱ䡣
ǧʱ䣬Ǵ඼ڱ֮жȹ´֪Īаðͼ½е̤ʵУҲδάֶãΪһˣĪа
˵Īаδչ½ʵ´Ǽʶˣͼ½ҲֵסĪа񣬵һ½Īа񲻿ںܶʱ䣬׾ͻ½
ã˽һӴǳء
¥ϢҶȿʼڳǳ֮Ѱ̻ᣬ̻ܶ࣬Щ̻ᣬ½ҶЩ΢΢ɿ
һʱ֮Ҷȹ̻ᣬйϣͨͨͬʱҲͼ½дŵ˽⡣
ͼ½Ǹ½֮Уʵǿģ½ˣһĴ󱳾½ҲгʮԪʷ
󱳾ԽԽãһÿסĪа棡
¥ҶȲδų磬ΪڳĽλ۷壬һ󣬾̤λ
ˡ
ʮ򣬻Ƿеͼǹϣһֵͼͼ½ΪģΧĴŵͼҲЩͼ
ں֮ҶԺ֮УһƬ޼ʵͼٶȵĻҪǧܷɶ˾޴ͼ
Щͼ֮У¼ʮСһ½ͼ½УҲֻи޴½ڡ
ĿǰЩͼȻеĵͼֻǼ¼һˣЩƹͼ¼˸ңԶʱգҶҲ˽һЩЩңԶ磬ѾʮԪڣȥ̤
ͼ½ڵƬʱգкܳľ롣
ӵͼϸϢͼ½Ƭʱջ磬ɽڵʱ⡣
ӾΪϴĻҪǧʱܵΪ̤ĻôֻҪǧʱ䡣
ҶĿǰѪٶȣǧꡭѾǷǳֲľ룬߽λԪʼ񣬿ҲǧڣǴ˵еĹ紫󣬵ֻǴ˵ҲֻԶŴս֮ǰ
ŪλãֻҪͼ½ԼԶʱգܵԼɽ
΢΢˿Ȼơн
ȻѴﵽĿģ˵뿪ǳأһȻسλ
ʮϢһƬ߼ʵֺ֮У˿ʼȻԳΪѪһ̷һ߽λԪʼ񹥻ҲԵֵκ޷γв
Լ䣬̤λҲ˳̤룬Ҷȡ
ɹ֮ڵĪа׷ɱҶͨ߶ǧͼͼ½ơ֮УʼԼպȰָԼͨﵽλ߶˵
ͨ߶ǧͼٶȣŴﵽͽλ߶ȣȲҶȱȻ޷Ѫ״̬£дٶȣҪٱϾѪﵽҶȴ߶ǧͼٶȣҲﵽԪʼ۷塣
ʱ䲻ڴ֮ţ굯ָҶ˷ɳ䣬ʵ嶼ﵽλ񣬳֮ҶֽѪѾһ½Ȼ󲻶
ͼ½
ΪӶǼ½Сһߡ
Īаƿռ䣬߿գӦһȻ΢΢üͷǵáⷽʱգӦһһ
ˣӦǲн񹬣ټ磬нҲһĴڣСӶн֮УǱһʱû취
ƯڰգĪаһֱһ˼ģֱӷӹͼ½


2212 ˮ
֪֮䣬Ҷ֮Уȹ꣬;Ѿü½ʱշ·ҲԽ䡣
ڼ䣬ҲԼ񵤣Ѿﵽλ״̬
绺˫ۣ岻֪ǿ٣߶صͻȻǰʱյǸоûǰĳһʱգȻǿҵ֣ƺһһ½ǿʮϵľ޴½
𣿡
һȻһ棬޴½
ҶҲʼͷŸӦ֮¶ɫȷԶĳʱգȷһǿˣⲻһǴ
ͼƺûжٽܡ
ĵͼѰһᣬδκջ񣬵һȱͼ֮ϣҶȴƺʲôơһͬо
н񹬣
ԭŲơϵͼ֮У¼һɽһڵľްΪͼ½Ƭʱգ̫ңԶ֪ߣн񹬾ƬʱգмһϹˮ
ҪΪˮĹϵԽˮ򣬴ﵽʱգҲǲнڷλ
оһҶȾͿ磺ɶԲнӡ󣿰յͼнҲҲкܳʱˣ
ûӡ󣬲нʵԵӦһҡҡͷ
˴ȻĪа޷Ըģ˵ֻҪн񹬣Գװ˦
ҶĿٴڹͼ֮ϣн񹬿ĿǰĪаʱ䣬ΪĪаǼУ·Ƶġ
ϴҪԽƬΪˮ򡯵Ĺˮ򣬿ѽͼ½ƬʱգӦ֪н񹬵Ĵڣ˵ͨ󣬸޷ԽƺȻָͼһƬԲεˮˡ
ᵽˮǻҪ൱ģ
Ƴһͼ֮ɫصĵ֮УȻҪ뺣ɵˮ򣬵ЩطȴγӸӵˮЩˮ󲿷뺣ں϶ɣֻӵˮǿԴӲн񹬲Ϊⷽʱ֪˵Ƭˮޱȣ
ΣգǶĪаҲвѾûѡ񣬾ԽƬˮ̤нʱգȻĪаҲнƬˮԽ֮Ǿܴﵽʱգ
ͼҶȺģĿᶨĵ
ơһҶȵģҲû֮ҶȣҪҶȶκѶŸֶΣΣյĵطҲţǿԴһ·
¾˼ѪΪ߶Ԫʼ߶ǧͼԼߵĸ߶ȣϴһ½ǧͼߣǶԿռںϡԦĴڣԪʼٶȾ߽λԪʼҲҪ̾ΪֹʴԪĪаһֱ׷ʹҲδ׷ˡ
ѪûдǧͼߣٶҲֻܴﵽһԪʼٶȣֻдǧͼߣûԪʼҶȷеٶȣҲֻܴﵽ߽λ
ֽ֮󣬲ŵ˲˼ٶȡ
ʱֹܿȥꡣ
ǧͼˣͨΪ֮󣬾ҪﵽƬˮ򣬵ʱƱػΣգΨǰ׼ĵĸԴ
Լȥӵͼ½ⷽʱգǧʱ䣬;ʮ½ڣǽˮѾκε졢½
ͼһʱ䣬ˮ
ˡ
ʮȥȻҶ˫ͫһ΢΢һ벻ˮǰһЩʿϢһǿߣ
¶ɫ֮ǰˮѼգͻأ·ǰͷ񷣬һꡣ
ˮӡ֯״̬ˮʣȻﵽų⡢ںϵĸˮ̫죬ˮˮʣǻҺɫͬ״̬ˮʣκκ塢ʿ޷аɣ
ȻγɵĶ
֮ڽӴˮʱˮĻȻγһɷȻ
Ȼˮ͸ˮǰһĻ񣬴Ȼ˵ĳռ䡣
ɷȻ̫ǿֻﵽ߶ȣˮڲ϶иյĴڣͼ½һʱգʮ½ĴӦöԴƬˮ
˶˼֮ʣҲʱȫˮ硣
ʱһɺ̹ǡаϢķ籩ϯˮգˮˮʸӵڣ治֪ʲô
Ȼв˵Сһں֮󣬼Ϣʱ֮ٶȷŻΪǰʮʿϢ
ͷͨһЩأʮ˵ǿߣۼһ磬ƺڵˣԵúżҲδС
Ҷϴ߶ߣܿĶԻ
֡֡ǡ
ǲõȥˣҲЩˮ֣ʧƬˮҲҲˮ£
ҵиߣпܻˮ֣
һṦ򣬸ֶʼ
ʱҶȾŪЩ˱Լˮԭ
Щǿ߶Ǻ½ǿߣ֪ˮ󷽣Ǵ˵֮еĲн񹬣ǸӾ޴ʱգչһ;ǽʮˣڼǧǰˮ򣬽֮һЩͬˮ·еʧ
ʣһˣ֣˭Ҳû뵽ˮ򣬴ڱȺײСµˮ֣ʧأʣʮ˱˻ȴͬѰܿܣЩҲز
ҶȰϢơ
ˮ̵֣ģЩǿΪֻм񣬻мǸ߽λ񣬾Ȼˮֶ֡ѵЩˮʵԪʼ񣿡Ͼ̾
һᣬ˾ǰ
Խʮǿ߰գϢ޵ǰˮǰˮ֣ٶֻﵽһλ¡
ʮУ˶δˮ֣һ·˳
ǲŸûãǰˮȻ˺ѰĿ·籩ֱƸ߽λﵽԪʼ߶ȡ
ҷ籩̫޴ˣ޷رܡ
ֻܴ߶ѪΪһҶȡǰҲʼ籩֮С
ոս籩˺֮Լ翪ʼ˲ͣŷһζʸоƺҪγ
ѪԴԴϣڷ籩֮㣬ʥٶȣСĵش籩
Ϊٶ̫Ϸ籩ʵڳ˾Ȼڷ籩֮Уʱ䡣
ǿѪ棬ͷꡣ
ꡭ
ŷ籩Ҫɿʱ֪ǰˮ磬Ȼ׸ߵľˡ
Щһһˮ֮зڣÿһξ˵ײȻ籩ﵽԪʼ߶ȡ
̫ˣһļ£òٰ񾭱ѪԦ˿

˵ڷ֮ϣʱ䶯ײƣһײͷĿѣ̫ˣֲô½֣޷ԽƬˮԪʼʵеùһˣɺ滹ʮٵǧˣĸԪʼܴȥ
ŷҡΣѾˣȻ䣬翴ʲôæʾ˿ȥʲô
Ŀǰһϣ봦Ȼһʬ塣


2213 нǿߵɱ
ʬ壿
Ƭ̺ɫָΣջ£ʬҲʮ
ͻȻַʲô֮ͬȻҶȡƺ׼£һɳѪ֮С
ǵϯʱһââѸײڶ֮ƣٶȳˣ˵һǾʬ塣
ԭ˻û
ҶȻЩΪд˾ٶͨϸӦŷʬ廹һֻˡ
⺢˲İ
Ѫڳƿ£翿ǵܿɥ֮ա
ջâȻʿϵ޷죬ھһ̣ûص֮С
һжں䷢һһȥƺ硣
ҶȼæԱߣȴȻһǸŮӣ
ԭ绳ʿһֻʮòŮȻΪᣬĴȴأһ¸Լ
Ůܵˣ¸ɼһƽ̳Ѫڣ΢΢Ѫ缱æҶƵ񵤣Ůιʳһ̣Ů˫΢΢ת£Ȼ˹ȥ
ƺò¿סȻЦǺΧһ̲סͷ벻ѹУ㻹ⷬǸСˣ
Ҫ
̫֪ԸûæŮ֮УȻһעŮڡ
ҶƵҩŮ˿ϣ԰׵ɫ΢΢Ѫɫ
ƼûϵԼһԿƷҶ磬ʱ׼ʵҲʵò֡
ȴ֮УҶҲʼעŮӵ΢΢һ˵Ůӻ֣ǾŽλ񣡡
ȷˣ㿴򡭡
ȡŮһƵҶȷֻнͷģȻӳ
һĪǲн񹬵ӣ
Ӧǣ㿴̺ϢȫǽԼŮӵϢҲǴӦþǲн񹬵ĵӣһΪƺҪͻԪʼҺ󣬲㣬ɻ
ܾȰɣ
ͷŮָ
ϴ󣬲ãƺǱʲôˣ
һʱȥͻȻҶȽ
ҶȥȻڸ˹ȥľ·ˮ潻ڵĵطĿ⣬һֱŷҶʾƲҪȫȫƷͷž˵ĸӦϢĸӦ
ҶȻһæԳƶСģӦˮ֮Уײеˮ֣
ˮ֣
óƺëֱˣֲˮֻǿ籩ԼˣĻ˼Ըˮ֣
ʱˮ־ԽԽѾ׾롣
취
ҶüͷҪҪԸˣ˱ˮֻҪ£󷽵ˮҲǼΪֲģȻ˦
˫ȭһ߬ƺ뵽ʲô취߶ӡŻһֻâڝbľظֶҶץʬ壬´߶ײȻڝb´﷨
ͱΪܵڝbżɳˮɱȥ
ʱҲʱŮҶߣӺð취ЩˮԸˮ֣òڝbӦòˮֵĶ֣
ƣüӿٶȣȡһ㴳Ƭˮûоˣǲпӹˮ׷ɱ
ˮӦˮĴڣĵ̣Ҷ޷ɱһ׷ǾҪܵУǰǾˣˮ֣ʱ鷳ˡ
ҶĿǰֻͷźȥԸˮ֣ؼĻǳơ
ʱҲˣӿ߶Ѫײ˵ٶԼƣȻӿˡ
𽥰ˮ˦ҲζţڝbЩܣҲͻزˡ

ǹ˰죬ֳ춯һֱΪˮ֣ϱƽ
˾Ҫˮ֣̱ӵʱǰڼ׸ߵľˣҪƬˮ
ٶȶȻӿ죬ͷˮֵľԽԽ󣬾ͳװˮ˦Ҳ뽥ƽˮ
治ף˴˿̸̾˭뵽ǧʱ䣬Ȼˮ֮УҴգֲס
ˡ
ƽȻˮﶯ˵Ŀռ䣬ҶͻȻӦʲôơһͬǰʿϢһˡ
ƺӵǿҽǿߣҲӦˡ
Ҷȿ磬ĿŮϣҶȵǲн񹬵ӣͺãǿ԰нǿߣҲ˶ύн񹬣һõĺ£
ߣ
ǰѷ⣬§Ůǰȥ
˲Ϣ
˷еİգǰͻȻһ۵糸ӰǵڶɲӰˮա
Ҷ˵ͣ£ǰŮϢࡢװҲͬӣǰ˫ͫͷ˽˱󻹱޽
λǲн񹬵ӣһλ񹬵ӣҶ߳һֿʩ
ˣҶⷬƽʧһλӱȭлλѣǱһλʦáڿѰ벻ᱻλȣ
ɺϰˣߴҶʿҵӦ񣡡
ҶԵúܿ˵֮һ硣
绳Ųн񹬵ȻҶ˼ͱǿһȥ
֮߳ͣŮʱֶԷڲþǴа֣ץס
ңָⶼץƤ
Ծ
Ҷȡ˵ȻĿɲϣֵƺҰǰˣ
ǲǲн񹬵𣿡ưɻ˵
λѣٰʦôҵҲҪΪˣԷˣƺҲȲʼߴ硣
Ҷ
ɱ
ͬһ̣н񹬵ӣҲǴﵽ۷ĴڣǾȻͬʱһץɱ硣
С
Ҷ߶ֻͨ§˲ӿռʧ
ʲô
ͬʱƼʱͷһâӡʮӡ֡
ֻϣλˣƲԳԷƣ
ֻһ˳֣һӡ֮ϣӡˣֱˡ
ǧͼ
˶룬־ٵн񹬣ֻܴ߶ǧͼѡΨһİ취Ǿӡ
ǳâһˣԼ˯Ӱһˮա
䣡
˸ߣռͱһ顣
ֳЩƺ벻ֻλϣȻٶȡ
ѾܾûңԶʱյʿһ̤ˮԪʼǶ񣡡
򵥣һ򵥣̫ˣ
ˣϣһ˽Ԫʼ񣬺ߣҵǼлӦ䣬ǶͻԪʼĻɱˣ
ȻֹͬУˮɱ׷Ҳ֤ݣ޷κǣ
ֻ᲻ܴϧһ׷ʦáͱԹĺ
ΧȥٶȺܿ죬ҪӲ˶ԶؼǻԸϵĽ
ֵնһƺ˾˸ٶߵ£಼˾ʹӲͬ׷ɱȥ


2214 鱦
ˮգһЩǿķ籩Ǿκˣ޷͸
ಡ
һźʵ֮⣬нͻȻΧ֡
ĺ
ͬʱ߷һͬʱһɱ
ݡ
ֲĽʱռһͬ飬ֱһ·
ֻ˻űɱ֮⣬ռȴһˣΪɢȥֻ֮мơ
ɶǱСˣˣ
Ȼ׷˺£һŭɶһƣǿ׷ɱȴһӰ
ಣ
ˮȥȻŹҶȵˡ
ϴЩн񹬵ӣ߰ĺܣ֮󣬳˲н񹬣Ļݵ
ڲԶҶȴ߶ǧͼߣ֮УýѪﵽ۷ǿ߷ֲˡ
һ֮ҶȲż߶ǧͼһȥеЦţŪˣгɾ͸С
ȿȡ
Ҷȴ߶ǧͼˮһ룬ˮһ붼δӣҪܶ꣬籩Ǿˮ򣬿Ҫǧʱ䣬֮յˮ򣬲һ˳
ʱ绳ͻȻ˶
΢΢زţȻָǺҲڵʱ̻ɱ
Ҫɱͬţѱ뾡취˦ˣ㲻õǣܲοһ䡣
ɫȻ仯ֱϢһȻϣԼóһЩҺ£ŻָڿǿվҪļͷ֮ʣֿʼҶˡ
֮ͬ£ﶼǳ£Ҷиܣ˲δȥ֮ͬ˽𣬶˶ѣҲֻǾǰ򵥣κĿġ
ȥ
ȥѻָ糣ˣȻ״̬˿̳ƶΧЩûɣϴˮҲ̫޴ˣҪˮ֣
ҶӦһξ룬Ǿܴﵽˮ룬Ļʣһ룬ԷɳƬˮ򣡡
ʱʵһʱʿ
˳ȣĿ⣬һֱˮ̡
ҶӦǰɣ
ɣڲϻָ֮УĿϣҲ粻Σգԭֵźܶ꣬ûǿܴˮǵǲˮ򣬻ˮΣյĵطһЩдˮֳ֣еڸ߿еˮ֮ӿ֣еˮʵﵽԪʼﵽĴڣǷʿ֮ûܴƬˮ򣬴󲿷ֶˮ֮£
ǲнǿߣΪΪˮѵɵЩˮ֣
Ϊǿߣ귢ƬˮʱƬˮˮǿ߽֣ɹʶ񹬵ӣƬˮ뼸λʦ֣ǽѰͻԪʼıˮĳһ˵Ҳнһ֣
ˮ֮УнԪʼı
֪ܳΪ֮صĵطȻҲзǷıʩչ֮ѰһЩͻԪʼĹ鱦ţһЩ鱦ֲƬˮУĿǽˮˮΪ鱦𣬱ɹһЩ鱦Ȼ񹬻óһЩýܳӽˮ򣬿ʵõ鱦̤Ԫʼ񣡡
ԭѰرֲ˲һҪնɱ
ˮŵҶȡơˮ˴˽⡣
Ҳ𺳣Ϊˮ֮أȻнǺǿһţѵ
нӴôɽ塢أ
罻̸ҶҲûԼɽϢ
֪һϢҶȡֱǼѡ
ԭ˵Ҫȥ磬֪һ˵ڲн񹬣ȻӵһϵĴ󣬿ͨǧڣﵽ硣
ǧ꣬ͿԴﵽ磬ֱ޷ٶȡ
ʦ㣬֪ЩˣɲԽ봫󣬽дأ
ҶȵЩõϣ籾ϤҲѰ㿪ʼ̸
ʺ˼Ƭ̣ȻǿԣҪʯ
ʯҪأʣҶҲһֱ
ÿ룬Ǵһ½һ˵ҪڼƷʯǴ͵ңԶʱڵ½һЩҪǧڼƷʯĻҲҪڶʯΪҪԴȼʯʯĶ٣ܾңԶ
Ʒʯ
Ϊλδֲ̫ˣ
Ҷȵ˽ӴĻƷʯƷʯٽӴͨʯ඼ƷƷʯ֮䡣
ƷʯѾܺƷʯֳԽƷʯƷԼӵеһʯ߳ǧҲǼٵġ
Ʒʯ㣬ڡǧڡѾǾ˵֣ȴԼƷʯ㣬ֱ֣κҲóƷʯԪʼ񣬻ǺǿԪʼ
һ죬ҶȡƴʱڰжԻ
ϴ󣬼Ʒʯ
ӵеʯѾ֮඼ƷƷƷʯƷʯ٣ҪЩ۶ʯбﶼҪóпܽ봫󣡡
Ǯϴܱĸʱ䡢Ҫǿ̫ˣ仹Īаں׷ɱţһ̤봫󣬾ܳװ˦ҵʱʱƻ˶ˣǻ
ã׹ϵ
˽һȻǺ۵ģΪǺܿҪٴα⵰
ʦ㣬˲ϧκδۣҪ̤磬ȥ棬ܻ񹬴ΪߣʦЩ㣬ʱǣʯǻ취
簵еõҶȴͲ˵
ûж룬ܹϴӦû⣬ЩС£㲻Σվң㲻ʲô
໡
֪ȥڰշţͻȻ䣬߿ճһӰһͷſˮķˮ֡
ˮַˣɽĴ򣬲ϵغѹ
õģҿԴ߶񹬷ӡõ
ˮͻأ֣˶Ϊˮֵʵﵽ۷壬û֡
ͻȻ߳ʾĪţһ
ˮ֣ȴˮüƺˮҲֻۣͻȻЦˮֵüģƺһǿҵ
ȷ
ҶȡҲ˲ˡ
ǡǾǱǿߣˮֲµ鱦һ鱦ҿѰңζ̤꣬Ҫʱȴγ֡
̾Ϣ
ͻȻʼĦȭƣҪǼ鱦ϴǿǽıκһ˵õģܾ쵮һ񣬵ʱԸĪа񣬸Ӵݣ
⡭
ʱҶǼЦʧһʾóƷ
ˮһжǲн񹬵ģڶ֣ȻнԴɻһнǿߣ


2215 н񹬴
˼ҵ̣ȻҪ˼ҵɫ
Ʋмʼ磬Ŀ⣬ɼõǼ鱦ǿ̤ŵκʱգһɱ¾
Ŀǰ״̬˵С
֮Уһ˿̤񣬾ĪаҲ׽Ǳ֮磬̤֮Ȼᵮ߲ʱģʵﵽֲĸ߶ȣʱýѪʵ˴ٶѾﵽԪʼ
ǳƵõЧԣʱʱ̿ں̣ߴԶŸ֣ĸǻĴڣϧƲȫں̣޷ߴһ̤ںϣս֮ǿġ
ҶȳΪĻ߶ߡǧͼĴٶȣжֲ
֮һ˵õʵͻ췭ظѱ䡣
鱦ҪԣԶ
˲ϢҶȡơĸвõ鱦׷׵ȴ˼ͬ⵱Ȼãͬ⣬Ҳ޿κΣǲн񹬣˵ˣĪаԪҲɷ
κ֮侲ϻ۵ͷѿǷǳȫ棬һЦüͷҲɼһìܣˮ񹬽֮һһ鱦Ԫʼ鱦ҪǶо֮ԡҾһֻ۱һֻۣ
ħһЦ
ҶȡҲи벻ʱˣлرġ
Ŀһϣˮʵǿ󣬴ﵽһλԪʼܵõĻҲ޻˵ϾǿԼʵã
ٺ٣Լ
ЦǺǵҶȵͷֶһĴָȻһħ⣬ֱӷ߿ա

߿գ޴ķˮаԻΪ
ˮƺû뵽໹ƣƺҲֳƲǲн񹬵ĵӣײеĶ򣬴Ӹ߿ɱ
ٺ٣ڰǰ⣡
ɲǼ䣬ˮǰռ䣬̫ˣλΪ˵ˮֽ֣޷Կ
һһѪħڳУǰͬµĿʱһ
ݡ
뾪˵ѪħϳΪҲﵽ߽λ񣬵ǽȴ޷š
ѪħֱӰĿռ䣬һпͻأɱˮǰˮֶʱſѪڣ¶ǷаһҧȥͬڵĿռ䣬Ȼҧ顣
ٺ٣
ͻȻһ˦ƾȻӿһѪָӡΧռ䶼ˮҧ£ֱһȥ
ͻͻͻ
ˮֵĴ죬˺ҧռγ飬һֱӰǰռһڶʯһˮֵš
ʵ
Ϊ۷һ̿ЩͬλãȻԪʼ֣ռϷ硣
һԱߵҶȡ磬ƺʱͷŲǰɻΪҶˮΪʵ
¡
߿׹⣬Ȼƴħͷ棬ͷˮʬ壬Ӹ߿ջ¡
Ҷˮʬƣһץˮü֮Уȡһ飬֮ƣ飬СȭͷСǻɫԿаڷڡ
˵ľ
ϲǣøϽ뿪һ񹬵·Ǿ鷳ˣһЦ
ƣ鱦Ҫ̤񣡡
Ҷˮʬ壬ֿ˳һۣƲδԥſһ鱦ڡ
ಣ
ǰˮȥ
ʮ֮󣬾Ȼˮ濪ʼһͷͷƯˮĿˮ֣ڸ߿գҲִˮ֣ܼѹʿ޷˳ͨƬˮ
õģͷŷӡˮֲΪǣ
ʱվȥž޲ӡ֮󣬻˸һƬ磬ҶȡơҲԥ֮ƣʼڰշС
һʱ䣬ˮֿʼˣײеĿ⣬ԼԾԾԵ·Ҫ˳֣ջֻܸɵۣ˳ȥ
ˮ̫ˣʮͷҶΪȻٲֵԼԪʼûҪֻд߶ٶȣԼռͨĴۣжء
ԦеٶȣҲǺܾˣˮ̾ˮ֮ˮ𽥼٣еٶҲʼӿ졣
þҶˣոսˮĻᣬҲˮӰӣѾԾˮ
ǰ
ɫˮգͻȻһЩҶˣǧ궼δģ׷׿ǰ
һ磬ȻӶǰһƬã޴½硣
½
˼ǰҷϢϴȻ½һξ룬˶ܸ֮ܵ
Ƭʱգƿص֮£ʮ½½ڱԵλãƬʱյ룬ڸ߿һ޴Ư½󷨣Ưڸ߿նɣ
˶ǾϲԼ飬һ԰ܵǰ½Ϊ½񹬺һλϹŶϻΪֶΣԪʼ޷ȵģ
콣½žǧʱ䣬򼸺ǲɣΪʵֻܽһִ½Լǽ½֮һԪʼҪϰԪԪʼĴ½ڸ޷ȣ½ߣ̫߳࣬½ʵ𡣡
֮½½޷̫ãеĸոս죬֮ͻǽһԪȻͻˣԭ½ʵĸ߶ȲĻ½ֻܽСʹ½飬²Ԫʼ½½Ϳ񣬲˾ˣ
񹬿Ƶʮ½֮УҲֻмǻͷģĶԪʼᣬΧдСͰ飬ᣬڽ½˵Щ½½ֵһᣡ
Ҷȡơһֱ£Ͻܹڲн񹬵ķ档
Ϊ֮һ𣬾нǣе˼顣
֮ⷬУ·Ϊ˴µһ磬磬ӵڴ½ôĲ֮ͬĲʲôΪͻΪ˳
һӡ֮ŷ
˷½Լʮ꣬˲½Ưޱߵ½߿գһܵ𺳣֮ǰǼ½ͼ½⽣½ֱ΢
½Ҫ޴ٱ½ָ߼ֱʥء
ҵȻһˣǲż봫󣬾ڽ½½ҲҪṳ̂Ԫʼ񣬵ûǧʱ䣬ǲܵȥҲ޷ǣдҵƿµ֮ڣ¸㣡
ͻȻתˣ磬ȻҪżϻزн񹬣Ͼˮ⵽ͬŲɱҪ񹬻㱨һС
ǧ꣬˵ȻԵȴ֮󣬱Ŀ֮ϣڸ߿վͷԸܵһĿ¿ռڡ
ҲԥµһӦ½Ƭʱյ̷½硣


2216 λ
뽣½һﵽ߽λԪʼĿ¸Ӧ󷨣κʿ뽣½ᱻ½ǿлĸӦ
˿󷨣Īаܷ
Ʋ֮󣬽½ͷŶģĽɭ֡ﶼŽǲн񹬽½
һǳͬǣޱߴ֮УޱߵԭҰֺȵȡ
˲δǳأǶԣڿɲǲι۽½ʱ򣬶ץᣬȫʵ
һƬֺ˵󷨣βδ߶Ѫ⽣½ǾͲĪаܷ
ңĪа񻹲֪ʲôʱԴˮ½
ͻԪʼ֮󣬻кܴڽΧǳأеʯȥһΪƷʯ
֮󣬳ơѸԴ֮еı׷׽ҶȣҶС
֮ǰҲڷеķߣһһȻ֮УԼūǶС
ҶһǳУѰҵһ̻ᣬЩռıʱòϵ׷óһΪƷʯ
̻ỹһ޷óƷʯΪҶóıʵ̫࣬;Ҳ˴Ҷȵ⣬Ҷóӵвн񹬵Ϣ֮Ҳû˸Ҵ⡣
нƿƬʱʮ½н񹬵ÿһӣͬʵ۰ڣ˭ıҵ
ⳡףʮꡣ
Ϊࡢ̫࣬Ҫ㡢˶ԣҶҲżڹϯʼĹżͼںϡ
нƬʱգͲƫƧʱգǴ̨ǰߣصĴڣڲнʱУ̫ˣҲ٣ԪʼҲ̫ˣǴ˵֮еĻҲš
ȹעɽԼΪнһӵзǳȫϣɽҲкܶ˽⡣
УҶҲ״δӹż֮У񼣵ļ¼
żţ֪жϣ¼ڴ֮Уȷ108񼣣дй񼣡ֻ񼣡񼣡񼣵ȵȶĴڣҲֻǺƬļ¼ΰĹ֮޵ļ¼Ҳȼʰˡ
һЩż֮Уйʮ١Ԫļ¼ǼϡٵĽܡ
Ҷ˽н񹬵ı
н˵ֻӵʮԪƾʷƬʱյףн֮УҲһЩȥԶ񣬶֮Уûйκμ¼֪н֮Уûȥľܡ
Ҷ˽⵽ʱ̵һҲɣսӽꡣ
вƸһЩı֮⣬նһɼƷʯ˵ǣƷʯ٣дͷãӦò࣬Ҳ಻ȥ
һд֮ҶٴγΪ⵰
ҶҲûһЩռıǴʱգҶռܶĿռ䱦һЩбԴǧͼΪӦòˣӤҲ
صֺҶơ򵥹ͨһͷֳϾҪλٶȣҶ̾Ϊֹӵ̣Ҳòʲôˣ֮ǰõǼ鱦һֱлںϣȵΪﵽʱһںϣܳΪһ
ҶҲʼպԼͬʱóǧͼʼһУһͷͷںϷݱȼմǧͼҲѵõĸֿռ䱦óһͬ
ˡūԼǣΧռУڷʵܿͻϲ񣬴ﵽ߲񾳽磬ֶǵһ̤߲ģ֮Ҳ̤߲Ƕз֮УӵвĴڡ
Ҳ׷Ҹϣ̤ϲ
֮˭Ҳ˵ԳҶȹϵһЩ⣬ķߣҶȶѱһܣ滹п˫ʥǶ˿ǹͥⰲߵģǻˣأ
Ҷơ硢ūһͬںϣֻЩ˲ſС
֮󣬳Ƶһ̤λȻֽɸλԲ
˰֮ҲʼͻλһͻƳɹ
Ҷں滨˽꣬Ҳɹ̤λ񣬿ʼʵ
ˮ
ʲôط
磬һͷˮʬ壬Ưˮϡ
ĪаֳһԲ֣ոնɱһͷˮֳ֣֪һǿķˮ֡
ɵãѡܡ
СӣܶɹƬˮ򡭡Ȼ
ĪаһߣһӦҶϢ벻ô׷ˮ򣬵Ҫˮ֪ûпܡ
ϢĪаԼ֪
ͻȻ䣬Ŀⱻǰһǿˮ
ͷˮһɽƯˮϣˮֵĲǰ˸һ˵⡣
ǱﾹȻǿңԪʼѹĪ԰ΪԪʼ̫ˣһͿԾ̤Ԫʼ񣡡
Īа񲻹Σգһˮַ
߳߳
ֺ֮ա
ħһϵâףһĴڣâ̰ԪٶȿҶͷɷ࣬ҶǴ޼ɵա
ںܿ챬ըһâƣȻ¸ͷһҫ۵Դâ
߽λүүģа̣ͻˣ
һ̣ʽһ̤߽λͻ֮Ԫʱʱüϵâ
ƳɹˣϧѾûжʱ䣬¶޷̤߽λ񣡡
·֮УҶĽؿʱգͻ֮ЦЦͻȥ̤ԽԽ
Ϊ׼ԼȫʵȻҲķǧͼ֮ϣ𲻶ȼգǧͼոֿռ౦ҺҶ߶֮£ǧͼѾﵽʥ۷壬ںҶռĸֿռ䱦Һ
תۣǼȥѾڳ߽λԲڳ߽λ񣬶Ҷǰ֮УͻȻ˵
ǧͼͻȻˡ
ΪǧͼͨҶ⼸ǧ꣬ںϡѾﵽʥ۷壬ռںϣҶᷨӡǧͼȻ飬Ȼʼ
֮
֮ǿ飬ҶЩżʵȻΪҶ֮ǰ𣬶컯ȭڰʽһģĴǧͼ
ϸ컯֮Ԫ֮Ȼ컯ȭںϣоԼģԼγһ塣
״̬ҶȿԸıأһС
񣬲ӵе
ϧҶȲ񾳽磬ޣϷ֮ϸԴôǧͼѲǴ⡣
ȥ
еĴǧͼҶȫһѹʱһӵϢâȻ˵ؿת
űһĿǳâ֮һո¡ӲӵĴǧͼˣͬʱҶȸоԼı֮Ҳŷ
Ѵǧͼںڣʱһӯ޷Ƶķ֮С


2217 ϴ
ǧͼﵽζҶȵٶȣ֮ǰѾʵķԽ
λΪŴﵽλʵٶȣȴӾˣҲﵽ۷壬ߵĻٶѾԱȼġ
ڶʱ̤˲ѪϳƵʵҵٶѾܴﵽԪʼǰĸ߶ȡ
ں֮󣬸ҶȴĲٶȣʵ
ǧͼռ䴩ֻһ֣ùҶȿԽκĹͨǧͼתƣС࣬ǱͨҪ֪ҶȲλȴܻǶô˼ĸ߶ȡ
ڸ½;С
ͻȻ˴
ֹͣУʱ䣬Ѿȥһǧꡣ
һǧܴ̤꣬Ԫʼǽһʮֲֿ֣Ҳ֤ǲн񹬵ĺĵӡ
Ҷзߣص֮Уū֮мС
֮һƿӰԾ
Ҳֺɳ̾ͼ֮ǰ˵̤նһư׵ۣĽƣ֮ǰԵøӸ߹󣬶ϢȻǴﵽԪʼΪ˸ܲǹɺԵĵѹ
ⶼԪʼס
һԪʼ񣬾ˣ֮е棬˭ǣ
˵ʾףأ̤ԪʼǶôֵýĴ£Ҳֻһˣ˵ԪʼκεطߵĴڡ
˳ɹ̤ԪʼҪǣҵ;֮еġˡ񹬲˴ۣΪҳΪԪҪ̤Ԫʼ񣬻ңңڣҪ֪ҽھŽλѾнԪ
˫һ죬ȻѰ˵ѿ
ͬʱԪʼĸ߶ȣٴδҶˣŷˮٵܴͬ׷ɱߣżȻԪݣҲֻܿλ߽λΪڶ޷͸ܡ
Ԫ޷͸
дĴ̫ˣƺоԼķâҪ˳
ܿ侲ʵżȥڵ½𣿻һξ룬ҲʮңԶ񹬵·½ģ⽣½Ҫ࣡
Ƚ½Ҫ󣿡һ
½񹬼ֵģ½غ˴ﵽǰ̣һ½ʵһ޴ķԼ
棬ĵ̣޷ģ
Ҵ;ιһ
ԵúԪӣ¶ƽ׽˵Цݣ˷뽣½
ɹ½֮Ǽнƿ£ʱմŵİͼ
ϡܿңԶ羡ͷƯ½Щ̫ңԶ޷Ŀӣ½룬ȷӵһȽ½Ҫ޴ʮľ½
´Ҷ˶ԣѾȻżʶǼ½ͼ½ȸ½н񹬣½Ǿްԣ۽磬Ҳд˽⡣
;Ϊ˲ϽΧ½Լн񹬵ʷ˵𣬲֪н񹬵һ֮УĴڣҲȥĻ֮һ
Ĳн񹬹ǴߣմͨߣӵʵĴڡ
ʣ
Ҷȿᣬ߶ôǿ󣬳ơҲϤĺܣн񹬵ȷ񣬶н񹬵ӣ鼰ʱգңԶ磬Ҳвٲн񹬵ӡ
һݲнִǾ֦Ҷï
λ뿴½񹬵ֱ񹬵Ĵƿأ߶ǻ񣡡
¹ȥ
˲½½һִ½磬½֮˾Ʋ֮С
ƲһյľɽȻǰ
󣬱Ǿɽ֮С
ԶģԪ֮УƺֻмٵľͷԵ촫⴫ҪԴ⴫󣬾ΪԴӷӳȥ
߿վɽΪ˽ܣҲ·ĴҲֻһ٣һˣؽǲܵģҪͷҪԴ⴫ԭʮּ򵥣ȱ귢ʱ½½ԪıԴΪԴȪʥɽֻǴķͨʵ½Ĵ󣡡

ֻʣ̾Ϣʵڳ
һУ𽥿߿վɽ
ʦ㣬ѳɾʥԪӣϲϲ
ԽԽӽɽʱΧ֮Уֳʮн񹬵ӣĴڡ
Ǽæʩ񣬹ޱȡ
˾һᣬȻת˶Ǿݱɣףһ·˳磬ҵҪܿڣ
ڣ
ȭȻ漸н񹬵ӣɽС
һֱƯţĿȥ
һתŽһ޴ɽǰɽΧֻһϵļ̨Լ̨֮࣬룬һԲ㳡
̾вн񹬵ѯʣ·λӣܵͬŽܵλʦˣ
İɣ
Է֮󣬼˷߸ϵĹ㳡
㳡ʱȴɽһǰ
һλﵽԪʼΪľͷ߹֮ʵȻʦýܣҲðذ£Ҫȥδ
Ҷʩâ½
â½
Էһ˼Ƭ̵ǿ磬һ޴½Ҳн񹬴͹ȥҲҪǧʱ䣬ǳߴͣ;лҪʮĴɣԼ۸ܾˣ
ҶʣˣҪ٣
һʮڼƷʯԷĮȻһָͷ
ǾʮڼƷʯ
ҵĹԹ԰󣬱жۣʮԴҲﲻ֡
̫ˣ
ԪʼҲЩд۸ȷܸߣû취Ϊ;ʮ󣬶񹬸𣬶һ·ǻҪǵİȫǺشﵽâ½ȻҪǱӾͺãִһЩ߶Ѵ͵磡
ãǿʼ׼ʯû취ƲҲҪȥ
һδͻʮ֮꣬Ϣ涼Ҫ봫ĵѣĪǷìܣ
Ԫʼͷһ˽֮С
˶Ҳ֪ĸү˴ֱʣЦЦתȥ
֮С
˸ս룬ǰһƬȻʹҪ̻ԻͣԼϰɢΧͤǻ԰Ҽ񣬶٣ԪʼҲһЩ
ʱûˣǾϢκҪڱǣ·ӶһһԷȥ
˽빬ҲûΧתһתҶʯ
ȴ֮УҶͷߣЩǿ̸ݣһ֪ܿЩǿߴҪȥңԶʱУǹϵȵȣҲҪعڵȡ
ûȥ磬дԶĿĵأҲ˴ʮ֮һ
ʮ굯ָ
ʮн񹬵ӳڽ磬˲ټˣȻʼ˶ĿĵأԼʯҶȽ׼ȷʯ֮󣬵һᣬ˾һٶ뿪磬Ҳգ۹Ưڴ͹㳡ǰ


2218 
㳡߼ϡٵʯʯʯɣԼϵķӡ󷨡
дıԴںһ¯һ󷨣Щᱻ߶ʼд͡
ʱҶҲԴйϸо˵ǧͼĴʽࡣ
д󣬱ҲҪӵ꣬еĴʵһʱ꣬ϢӡںʱеıԴңԶͨϴջﵽ
ǧͼӵ꣬ûĴٶȣ֮֮໥ٶҪʮһǶ˵ǧͼҲһִ󣬵ȴӸ߼ΪѾγɷ̬
˲ãɽܵǧͼ֪꣬ǷҲǴӴϵõ
һٶ˲㳡󲿷˶̬ǾˣͬҶȡơԴ档
ϴҪܴɽ硢ĴǾ˧ˣƲƲЦ
λѣ뷨ӡͼ룬ϾҪ󣬴͹֮УΪٶ̫죬ײʣԪӰ죬ñĿ񣬴ﵽĿĵغԻǿ֪ͨ
ճһЩԪʼ񣬿ǴҪˣ˽һôҽ㳡롣
λһȦ״ķӡͼƣ·һصıڻ˽󣬿ʼһһ
һᣬʮ༸н񹬸Ҳһͼ֮Уһ˶Ԫʼ
·ķӡͼڿʼ˸߲⣬ΪǿʢâΧγһƽ磬ǿʩչɵĴͿռ硣
֮󣬽ȫֶһԲεĽռ䣬ڲռҲϰƽһٶ΢΢Щӵ
ΪռԽĵԽ࣬ٶҲ
λýţͿ
һﵽԪʼµǿߣת֮н񹬵ӷ׷˫һϡ
䡭
ʱоضڻζƵģĲ֮ǰһĻ·𶼳ΪԼŤ״̬ռһӱɰ͸״̬Ȼ׼Ϳռգ۷ɳɽ
濴ȥɳĴͿռ䣬һźǻ
ڿռһֶˣٶȻͬһǴͿռٶȣﵽƽʱеİٱǧ˾͸Ľ磬Լռ羹Ѷա
ʱ˿̣֮в˼ļٷš
Ҷȡơ˺ܿƽôǧͼĸоһޣǴĴ⴫ٶȣյٶȣҪʮԪʼҲѴﲻٶȣ
ʯֵãҶΪ֮һ̾
ҲΧһ𽥵ؿʼɣн񹬶ʮ֣ȴһ˿ڱֽӡ״̬ʱʱҪһմͣʱʱ̶̿п벻ΣգƻͿռ䣬޾
â½
ʱ䲻ţ˶κʸУɻǾ״̬֮С
ҶȡơҲڳûиԵͨҶ֮ʣʼ˽δ͵Ŀĵأâ½
â½һϵ½ģһ½ٱн½Сʷнһƾã֮У½֮һ
ʱĳâ½ΪһȻȲϲн񹬣ҲǺܾ˵½½һģǿƿأʵȻɲ⡣
â½Ѵ磬ʱոɽѲңԶ
̤絽񣬲ʱ䡭ڲ̤Ĵʱ磡
һ˽֮ҶииȻ񣬵˸Ѿһǿߡ
̨˼̨̤﷫𺽣ľͷһȥ
֪֮䣬ȥҶһֱڰУббٶȣѾʥ񾳽ʱǧһ֮ھ;֮УѾ⣬ҪҪбԽ߼Խá
Ͼ͵ɽڣ׼ã
һȵڿռ䴫
ɽڣ
нһʵҪн񹬣һ
Ҷȡơ綼濴ǰ޾ǰԽԽ磬һ깦򣬴Ϳռ仩һ֮С
ڵգתΪգԼ嫵ء
ͬʱңԶ񷾡ͷһ޴ɽƯ֮ϣҲƵľ޴ɽ
ٿ˷ϡԼϤˮֻ½̫ңԶ
ˣ
ͻȻһۣѾһɽ֮УΧҲԴӿʯʯﴦǣǾɽڵĴ󣬲ڸܼн񹬵ǿߡ
Ͼʮ߳ռ䣬ʮ˽ռ磬Ϳռ䲢δϢʮ꣬ɾɽнǿһͬ߶ܿ뿪ɽڵʱգֶ硣
ָֻƽʶɽڣ˶һЦܴﵽԶʱգǴ߶ǧͼҲҪǧɣ
ҶȺĵĵͷʵޣҲԪʼԼȼյĻٶȾͻʮżܴﵽɽڣ
ǧ¾ܵâ½ǻǼУ
һᣬ״̬
һſ˫ʱֽʱȥ
Ͼ̫ţλ׼ã
һڵʱյˣ̫š
Ҷȶ̫Ҳһ˽⣬ԼҪʱգ̫ŵнʵ࣬ڶһ֮䣬ͬƿһʱգȻһܺãƫƫһ
ȥʱճֶա⡢ˮ½һһӳ
һ̫ʮ뿪˼룬һһȥ֮ǰ࣬Ӳн̤ԽԽ٣ֻʣʮˣĶھɽڡ̫ż
ʱҶҲûʸУ־üʱգ·;Ѿ롣
߳߳
Ϳռ䴦һ־ֹ״̬˶ھֻжʮн񹬸֣ڸƿؿռ䡣
ʱǰһĲı֮
𾪵վ׷׿ǰգֻڵ֮УȻһ׹⣬˺磬֮У׹׽˺Ȼǿֲޡ
Ҳõģ֮УʱʱһЩֻҪбɣֻҪϼʱ䣡
нǿ˰οһȻͿռ佫ʼҲı䷽򣬻ܿ
꣬ŵһʱգ˳ﵽ
һγҶˣһӲн񹬽봫󣬷׷׶뿪˴󣬿ռﻹһٶˣİס
һ·ƽ˳ûκ״Խڵʱյ֮󣬸պùǧꡣ
Ҳ޷׷ڴŽâ½ưʵϴâ½Ӧÿ쵽˰ɣ
ţʱ֮󣬾â½ҶȺ˶Դ·֮׻Ӧһ䡣
Žšڴȸ飬ʣʱ֮˷ǰվȻЩǹ⡣
Ȼһ㣬˳棬֮С
ǰȻòһ޾ڰ˶¶ͻЦݣΪѾʱա


2219 з
Ϳռܴ֮УӦ޴ڵ
˿̣ƿشͿռ䣬Բн񹬵ǿϾ͵â½
վвǿԵú򾲣Ǿ磬Եڴ뼤
֮վͷһӨݡ
һ
ռ֮Уգۼ䣬һƬ޾Ĵӳˮֻдǳءɽɭ֡
֮һͿռȻֹ·ͻȻֻΧһϵĴ͹㳡ǿӿ˷صѾﵽֿɼ״̬
磬â½
߳ռ䣬ǿ뿪ʱա
뿪ͷһâ½ĴҲһɽ֮ϣͬǣɽȻɣƺרΪ촫󣬵޳ɡ
˸ɢȥҶȡơâ½̫ˣ˸ӦӦԵԼˮϢâ½ȻҪȲнЩ½޴̫ˡ
½ӵеϵ̫ŨˣͷŸӦ֮УҶ档
ǣϴҪͻư˽λˣ
Ѱ֮أһ˵
߶Ծ˵ٶȣ½طȥ
ʱ֮һƬɽ
һͬ󣬴ʱ뵽ʲôЦԵõʮ㣺ϴĪаǷӣûмǧʱ䣬׷ǣǿԺúһ
ܴˮȻн񹬴󣬼ǧ꼸׷ôĻûʱ䣬޷â½ģ
ǾǧȥѰƴâ½ԷٶȣҪǧʱ䣬޴ǻһ·Ҫϣ
˶ԻһᣬϣƵ뿪󣬿ʼͻư˽λʼ߽λ
Ҷѷǽӳ񸮣ǼڶռУһ˵֮ܵһ쳣һ·ҲҶˣһ֤ͬĲпᷨΨĹ;
ˡūҲӾһ֮УҶѾΪ׼ȷԼ
֮ҶȾѼڰ˿ԴϾ̤˽λҶҲ󣬿ʼոҲӤâ½ľ
ӤԵúܸˣ㣬ͬһȻ׷
ˡ
ܳһʱؾӤȻһ֣ҪҶѰʲôȤ
ϵâ½ĵȻе½ľͷµľϵ
ҶȻȻâ½Ȼʮּ̣Ҹʵĸ߶ȣҲﵽĵز棬ϵ
ȻˣҶ߶ض棬²㲻ϵ롣
Լʮ֮һɺ֮ϵϢ·ð
ӿٶȴز㣬ǰȻһӴĵ
ϵʣ࣬ȫֻӵϵϢϸ೤ɷǾˡ
ã̫ʱˣֵˣҶ벻׾һâ½𣬱Ȼһⱦ
ˣǰΪø޷
ʱͯϼڴ

Ҷȫһͷôû뵽һ㣬ӵôӤչֵø쾡¡
ͯϽһ֮Ҷȴע⣬ҪΪϵΪ
߶򣬽СڣزȻһնĵز㣬Χкܶ࣬ϵʯȻƷʲߣɶǱҶҲͨͨŹȫɡ
ص֮ҶȾͿʼ˼⣬ѵƳɺε̬
̫ڣʵΪΨ첻ƣ߶ҿڴԼκӵϵʵĿռ䣬ܴ߶ֲ󣡡

ķҲƵģӵ޴ġֻ֮Ҫӵһơ
ҶȻֻλ񣬵ʵȻﵽ񣬹ʴڿԿʼա֮ʺԼķ
׼ʱѾɹͻ߽λ񣬳ƾͲ˵ˣѾ˽λڳ˽λԲþͻƾŽλ
żĽҶȿɲżҲҪͻƵģҳơǿҲǿ
󣬺ãƽ󣬿֮棬ûйڽַ
ʼѰƽķ
ֻ֮һݣÿһĪġ
۽󣡡
Ҷҵü֣ʵֻѡ߶ȵƷܿҵһֽΪһΪϣƳľ˽
ϧûǱֻܽ۽Ʒ׶ˡ
Ӥ𽥳ɳҲҪʼֻһʼ
оҶս裬ҲԺ󣬿ʼķ֮ӿ׷ߵĲ
𣡡
ץ˵ĵƯڶռ֮ϡ
ŵֳ綼ˣϴǴֱʰƷʣѾƷʯ̫߼ˣ
˭½Ǳ
Ӧһ䣬ʼﵽλͬʱ߶ʼΧصϵں֮С
ﳤĵϵСҶȻ߶ɹⲻ֮Уһϵϵںϣ֮󣬵ҲӵһӤںϡ
ۣȥ
ѾΪ״СΪһɫâ
ˣΪ絥һӵ콣񽣣
Ҷɽ뵽˽ȷ˺õĻᣬһ콣ΪԴ񽣣ĽȻ绢
ᣡ
һӡ֮Ǽٵĵ֮ͨ忪ʼƵ񽣣Ҫ콣
ʣµĴ󲿷ֵŷӡϷֻһɴС̬Ҷüͷһ׷֮е108񼣣罣
ӿӡٶȣܿͻΪ108εâ
ʩչޱ֣Ϻâͬʱ÷һͬεĴ108ӲӵľƯڰա
γˣҪһʱںϸַӡȵȣҪҪѪղܵҪܳʱ䣬Ȱѽ¯һ˵
߽λ񣡡
䣬ҶȾ֮գͷȫԪȻմȻʼԪ
â½ʵ̫ˣУˮٶҲܾˣʴâ½ᵮǿߣǿԭ֮һ
һ֮󣬰굯ָŴһڶʱ߿ԴҶҲ̤߽λ
½İ֮УӵСط޷Ҷȵǰס
о޴ջ񣬷Ҳˣߵͻٶȣ˻ҪˣϾǲϲ񡢸߲ΪԪʼĸ磬ٶȻޱȿֲġ


2220 н
ͻ߽λ֮Ҷȱ֮УԼͨž粻̤¸߶ȣѶҲ
ͬʱͨƲ¯108Ϊ񽣣ѾɣҽеĽ
ǳҶȡԪĪа֮⣬Ψһӵ콣ˣҶȵѡҲǶԵģ콣ѾԽ뽣޽бȻϵ
רע콣ϣͷų˵Ǳ
ͨҶȴʱףĪаԪҵģܾǽʱͷų콣ͷܵΪҶԼ̤磬һֱûʩչ콣
ҶԼ벻콣˾˵ܣ֪ͻᶣ
ڰʽǲףǰʽ컯ȭԽԽһֹĪĴͨ
֮Ҷȿʼͨѡ컯ȭΪڰʽеҪƽҪô˻ᣬһȭ塣
֪ʮȥ
һʵﵽ߽λ߶ȣҶȵ뿪䣬ƽ
̫¯֮֮108̽ɫԼȻĵز·ͿʼᷨӡԼֹ󷨡
ʼӡ֮󣬴ӡں108֮УӤΪԴӡÿһڲռ䣬ռ䡣
ÿһ񽣶󷨡ưţӵд󷨡󷨡
ǳɹᣬҪģǾںӤһںϣ
֮ǰҶȾӤԼУϷϢʵ108ѾӵӤǱԴȻҪں
ɹ̫ԪԼǲĴڣӤ׳ɳҶڵн𵤣һһ̡
⡢108֮УҶȽӡ֮󣬿ʼӿ108ҲںУʼռݿյĽռ䡣
ȻڹϣҪչָƣҵƾʣԼռͨ
ʱ˿̣ڲϽ뽣Ĺ֮УҶ취ΪСǰʩչľͨ
ȥҶΪκι˵УնɱǿΪĿģǻ״̬廨š
ҵںԪɷԼߵͨУ
Ʒ滹в٣ȻСѾ߱ʵҶȰķڷԼ֮ͨϡ
ռͨǲɻȱģǴͿռ䣬Ҫƿؿռ䣬ҪпƿռԼǿ벻Ĺʽ
ۺ֮Ҷȵʼ߶һӡֲͬϢӡ½½ӿ108֮С

Ȼһƿ֡
Ҷ̧ͷһԭǳַɳȥҪͻƾŽλ
ⲻҶ¶ڴЦЦһ̤Žλ񣬾ˮõ鱦񣬶ƾԽߣں̵ٶȾԽ졭
֮УʵǿģǳƣȻҶȿԴ߶ԪȻޱߣκһִ߶бϳķգƲһֻǽѪ洫ˣֻҪ֣ûжա
ܿ죬ƾͿʼھſԴ
ҶȼӡԪɷԼߵĲӡ׷ע108֮Уһʩչ˽֣Ҷбֶһţͨ
һžͨ
ʱ䲻ţ֪â½ѹǧʱ䣬Ҷȼƻ޲࣬üӿٶȣȻ󲻾̤֮Ѱҵ;
ʱҶֲ鿴һߵı仯ֶǱ仯ģ˶ڲͻƾ磬̤߽λ߲񣬶ɾҲ̤߲ǶҶ޷ȱзУɾٶǽִۡˡ
նҲ̤ϲ۷壬ʼ߲̫ۡ顢졢ˣҲ׷׳ϲ۷塣
Ҷֹע뵶ūǾѵľӡ࣬һĻӴʵҲﵽڵūѾ̫ħزڤںϡ
̫ħزڤǶλ񣬵ˣǵĴԱʵҲﵽ߽λ񣬼̲ڵռūں֮ʵѾﵽ߶ȡ
ʵǿҶͷӷֻҪ÷߽УҶȾͲκι˼ɣҪӽɽԪж纺ҲҪõ콣ںϡ
ˮ򡭡Σգճˣ
нʱգˮ뽣½գΪǱĪаŭɶɨһˮȻӽ½
ƬʱضǽӦþǲн׵ʱգ
Īаɫᷨӡ֮һϢֻ߶ȣʵһɱŮħͷ
нԱĿǰΪԼʵ޷ǿ⣬ǰЩ½һӶ֮󣬱ʵֻԪʼ۷壡
һշһ½߿գвӵд͵ģҵÿ
̯ģͼֶ
ȻдҲ
ĪаЦǺҶСӵ콣ϢǰռʧҲô뿪н񹬣ǽƻ˵ôȥΪֻֿܣ
һȥɽȻ῿ɽƬʱݷԸԪڶ־ȥϾǷߣȻдȥҲͷˣôһʱգУȻٳ
Ǻܽƻ̤봫󣬱Ȼ˼ֻҪЩʱ䣬ҵǵȥ򡭡
Īан񹬵½
ָһǧȥ
Ѿ̤ŽλҲ̤˽λҶȣڽнƽ׶Ρ
ʱ󷨶ռ߿գ108ţÿһ涼͸ޱȵķâʮޣΪںԪԭ򣬼֮ںϣ󼸺Ϣ
Ϊȡ֡ͿɣҶҲ뽣֡
еĲˣҲ֪ʱ䲻࣬׷ռ䣺ϴ׽ʣﵽ޵Ĺ״̬ڻ磬߶󣬿ջﵽԴԴһ԰ѻƿΪ󹥻Ĺȣ
ֺܺȡн󣿡׵
ޣ޽ͽнҶ漴˫һ
ںϴĵն׷ֺãͷ
ƣѪ
˲Ư108һƬѪ
ͣ
һʼ𶯡ļȻ108ͻȻѪ죬Ҷȴһ̺ġ
ˣ
108ʱΪһ񽣡

ʵ֪ͨѶ٣ҶȰѾգź֮â½ʱշȥ


2221 ̫ʱգ
â½ޱߣ꣬ŵ½ıԵâ½ΧСʹ½½Щâ½ƿء
ããʱգ˸˼ҶȵڵʱգΪ̫ʱգƬʱպңԶһǵô߶ǧͼԼѪд󣡡
Ƶ߶ѪҶ֮УǧͼͷųǳâȻ˰Ȼʧ֮С
ղϴռ̫ʱյϣҶȰھ䣬ͨ岻עոƶɵĴнͬʱҲﵽ߽λ۷塣
ָ䣬ڴ֮жȹ
˴ʱһһ⣬֮һƬģͼ벻̫ʱգϹŴսս֮һһƬ޴ķʱգΪѡʱգ
һͼҶһ̾һĸǲ뱻˴ţԸѡ̫ʱգţȫȫ׷еĴ
ʱҲգһƬӫâƻһָϴϾ;ʥ½Ƭ½Ҳû½ռ䣡
ʥ½Ҳ򵥣ģâ½࣬Ѿܸоǰӿһɷ֮У
𽥴âԽԽңԶҶȵĸӦ֮УգһЩ΢仯
ֹȥ꣬Ȼ˶Ӧ֮УϢ˱仯վǱģԽϢԽţ״̬£˸оڵУӦòκֻϢ
ʱʱӦһУѾڿʼںԲн񹬵飬Ҳﵽ˽λ۷壬ҶѾ׼ͻư˽λ
עƴн֮ϣȻнѾƳɹҪ֮ںϣһӤҲԿƴн
ᣡ
ãһﵽ۷ҶȣѿƴǧͼʱƣʼȫԪӿн֮УγԪ
ʼ˽λټʱ֮Уִɫɫʱա
̫ʱգ֮һ
ԶʱԶŴսԣǻԵӰ죬䣬ʱ飬ĳ׹أˮԽԽ޼ʡ
ԪȥԶٵķչţΪս̫ʱգȻڱ䡢Ϣ֮С
ĿȥȻˮˮȻ󣬿ӣϸһˮˮɫƺдʡ
·ˮ򣬶̫ʱյգƯʯ飬еһɴСеһеһ½Ƿ·Զ׹䣬Ư֮У̫ʱգϢֻлš
һǴ˵ľɽͻأƯʱոߴûֲҲûκǴӾɽ۷ٿɽ룬һ֮£Ȼһʮ㡢ɭֵʱա
̫ʱȱĵطһʱգǺεȵʵ
ˣɽΧЩĹͺͺɽ֮УҲдĽռ䣬Ǳж졣
̫ʱգյģ
һˣʱźϯվһ޴ʯ֮ϣǰĹɽԼΧĿռ䡣
˵˫ͫĿ΢΢Ծţòȴ޷壬֮˲ϢߵĹɽɽۡ
Ȼȥڲ޴ĽʱգһЦԪȥȱ֮УĻҪǵǷģҪһһ
˫ͫͻȻͷһԹޣͷŴͨϢ֮С
ڲգޱ޼ʣԪϵռ磬ΧɽȻ޴󣬵ҲһĴСǹɽڲĿռ磬ȴһ½ǰ޴
ռĳһƬֺߣһ׷ԲԵ߲֪˯ˣˣ֮ͤ˫ۣʮա
ʦ𣡡
ʱһǿˣЩսսͤΪСһ
ǰ׷ûκλӦҪʱȴ˫ۣ¾˵
˹ԭʦϴӲʦ𣬵ڲ֮ǰһ䶯£
£ʲô££ȵԶŴսǴռֳѷˣ߿ʼ
غɽģٵ
ɽ硭
Ұװߣɽ֣ͻȻɫ˱仯Ҳɽʲô£ϸԪգɽ·ǳնϹϵɽʲôϢ
ʦϵɽʱСͥ
ΪʦڵʱڣԶʱʱɽ磬һƬɣԲΪʲôͥǺɽ确ͥǿߣǰɣ
ԭʦ𻹼ǵãЩͥǿߣϸԪԼϼԪǿߣͥɽʱϸԪ֮ԪҲû֪ɽʲôģԭͥɽǿġͥ
ͥһԪܳΪţ
ʦȻʲôʦ϶룬ΪᵽͥǵĿģ֮ǰǿߣͻȻӦ̫ʱյɵϢʹ߸ϹȥȻɽķߣ
Ŷ
˫۲Ŀ⡣
˵֮ǰҲȥˣֱΪءءԼţͷڷյɽ֮УľԪȻֽһڷ֮дͨһͨԦ磬°˷ʼ֪
ǷӦòһ졭
ûжɫ糣㴦̩֮Ȼǵã֮ӦöԹйƻڹԤʱʱ̻̿µı仯ѵ˷ûеһʱ㱨𣿡
ɹ֪ʦһûвǵδϸڣʦȻ֪
Ϊʦ֪ˣȥһʹкα仯
ǣ
˹תʧ硣
ڹܷ磬ĸ൱ĳʡ߻棬κζ²򵥰ɡ

ͻȻǺ޶ĺϣһơ
߶Ȼ˫ĿһӺռ䡣
߷ʲôԾʱһӰ΢΢ںգұ
ٿ
ߡĿ⣬ͬˣգҲգӰԣһۣɻʵºþ˵ͨȻϢĽ硭
Ѿ뵽ӦһЩϵɣӰ˴Ц
ţѹ
һԣ

Ȼһŭĵ̣Ȼ˷ʱһץӰڵĿռ䣬Ȼȫ飬µ֮˲ܽǺӰɡĨɱ
ˣ
ڴǧһ֮ʣӰ˵ΧȻһâ
ܡ
ۿҪɱӰˣɫâ֣һ֣ռգۻָƽ
ʱ˿̣ϡͫд޷Լ𺳵ı顣
׺ɣｻ棬𣬻ӭλԪȥȻǵñ
ӰǴݲȣֻЦһ䳰⡣


2222 Ӱ
㡭
þ֮Ȼ֮󣬻ǰ޷ţ岻ͣزţ㣬㡭
Ӱ䳰Ц´ҴҹȥֻһǿߣѾ˴֮һĴ
һ
Ҳ˭ѵ֮У˭籾ӵ
㲻ܻʱôͷΧɱ㣬仹֮Ը㣬ôܻ㵱ûӦûһӣܱ㣡
ңԱ𣿡
ӰԹ֮УͻȻֶһŭ֮õҵһУӵд֮е񼣣ȻݣԸһԪʼ֪ܣǺεоԸԪʼ񣿡
Ŀ㾪㵣ʵˣܻ
Ҷ֪絮ߣָԶŴսʱδߵǿ׷ߣûһɹҪΪһԼеߣ֪ȴǰʴ˵Ҳж׼²䣬Ҳỹ磬Ѱ֮𣡡
ԭת֮ϢͻȻһɡ
֪ʲôʲôۣҲ֪һһ𡭡Ϊǵ߸ϵĻܽնɱҡʥ꣬ǳԽĴڣȻ㣬кУ
벻¹ȥʥ㻹һû仯
仯ҵȻб仯ûб仯ػһ߻·õֽ֣ʥӷһУӶɽ磬һͳɽ˷ַ磬ΪĲţ̶ʱ䣬ҾʹﵽԪʼҳΪʷһӽߵĲ
ʥ㵱Ľ֣â¶ԼĿ

ӰͻȻ֮ԱǵĺߵЦϲǴ˵Ϊİ˴ͷǰɣ˵ģʹǲǣ
Ҳ޷ѡ񡭡ӰԽȻΪһݼɵ
·һ񻹾ĿǰһΪСĴڡ
ûѡҾ͵Լ¿
ӰͻȻʢŭ˵ĺȵʲôзߣҪͬˣЩǿߣپͷҪأնɱѹӶõҵ֮ѵʱվΪ˵һ仰𣿻ǰûУƨûţȲѣѣأȻ֣ݺݵطս磬֮⡭ȻҲǵǵ飬ǽħ֣
żĽ͵α˵ʱӦñǸȻǿ󣬵ûеݺ޵оͷûһڴľߣûаɣ֮ɶǴߣΪУ㲻ӲҪһͬᣬһ˽Ҫˣһͬ᣿
աԼ¿
ͻȻһ󺮷磬ӺӰ˺ϯ㷢˫ͫĿõȻģҪ֪ûʥҲԳΪߣҪ̤죬ҪΪʷ֮ϣһΪ֮ķߣ
ҰҲ̫˰ɣ̫ż뾡취죬ں񼣣ɱ֮ѵ㻹ûѧ
ûҰģû죬Զ޷ĥĴ棬һ㿴һ죬ҲҲΪ綼ηĴڣ
Ӱ˵꣬ΪһƵŤӰͻȻʧȥ
̫Ͼ㣬ʥ
ŤӰһ𾪺æһץǿռһץȥ̿ռ䣬ʲôûС
ת֮ӵеǰָͨԪʼΪҲڱǰߡѵڵȹȥӿ£
ΪߣҲϣʵ룬ϾǶԼ롭ĳɳȴǶвʥϣҲҪΪУ
һưȥռ䵱ָƽ·ʲôҲûзɲǣתıӰͻȻԵ͡
Զ̫ʱգһ½ء
һɽ֮УֻһλŮһӵɫâĽϷ
ŮӺȻҶȿѰҵξ
ڽ֮УɳһӰǻ̫ʼȫͷֻϢξһͬķӡ
ಣ
ǰһ뻹ɹ֮еĺӰˣͻȻӽϷŽƿն
û°ɣ̫ʼӭȥ
ӰʧһʧȻࡣ
ҡҡͷϢЩȻ̫ʼ˫ͫһ䳰̫Сͨ뿪׷ɱ治ף
̫ʼԪ֮ʵѾﵽԪʼ񣡡
ΪǱ֮ǰһжƻõģ̫ϾεԪϣܷ̫ϾĲȻʼһܿʼں̫Ͼְ֪̫Ͼݽƻı䣬òӽݽȻֺճΪػߣݽҲһţں̫ϾᣬУѱգԪҲڱںϣʵ뵱ѾңԶ
˵ЩˣǵĿģԼҰģǽõһеԴߣ
һ֣ʧȻ˱һɾŤ⣬ʱߣʧӰ١
޾֮У
ָǧȥ
΢΢Ѫâǳâڻļŵ֮з
̤˽λ񣬸оʵ̫ˣ֪ͻƴﵽŽλûԱ仯
֮УҶڳŽλ֮ǰ̤˽λһķӤнԼ컯ȭ֮ϣڲǿʼŽλ
ͬҲڳŽλ˲ͬǣȫ񣬲ںԲн񹬵顣
нﵽ״̬108Ѿںϵµ߶֮󣬴нԱľˮͨʵﵽŵĸ߶ȡ
ϴѡطðͻ˵ɣ
ǰȥƺȻ˫ۣĿԵúܼȡ
Ҷ綼ͣУʵҪ𣿡
Ƶٺ٣˰ɣн񹬵飬ȻǺñѱȫںϣҲˣҪȻ֮еܴﵽ״̬Ե뿪գʱһ󣡡
ã
ӡǳâȻı䷽ǰ硣

ǳâʱ뿪գ֮С
ԭ˴úɿʱֳʱգסˡ
֪ǲǿ̫ʱյԭǰʱգȻһƬдƯ״̬ضǣڵ棬˴½ϡˮȻ󴦴Լ೾Щơ
оﾭһ֮һֱ޷ָ
˷棬ڴ֮Увɭ֡ԭֻϢâ½ϡ򱶣ֱͲʺС
ٺ٣ģֻҪؾﵽںϱɣƲŲʲôطʼ


2223 ǿ
Ϣ֮һƯڴ֮ϣ룬ʼؾһ׼
Ҷһ֮УûҲͻư˽λ̤Žλ񣬴ԼƬͬʱհʱ֮ϣ𽥸ֶϢо֮־ָɶĶħܿϢѾﵽʮʵģ֮󵽰޴ʱԵա
Ҷȡɳ֮⣬ٿɲǿЦģһĻ֮Ҫܵ
һۣѴӽзɳü˸аââȻȵģ
Ȼƶɽٺ⣬ҶȻЩŲģƯ֮⣬ȴš
ܿ죬ųƱһﵽ۷֮Ϲٶʱͬڣʼ
硢ƱꡢȵʼܿںһգۼһƵƻɱ£ʱ˿̣رģŵһٱĹҫնӳóٹ⡣
ͷųصĿ⣬һץһµâ֣ʱץĵһ١
䡭ͷŵڰպݺײһ֮ռסƣѹâһ𣬵ܿͱն𣬽֮
ٹȻͬ죡
˼һĻȻǷģѾʶٵǰƶɽ٣˲ܻ٣ȴپһᡣ
֪䣬ڶԵصԶŴµȻṳ́ߴ
Ե磬˫һץ׹⣬Ϊ׹޽ʱ١
ź¡ը֮һΣ˿޷赲Ƶ˲飬ĵ٣ƶԵúɣݲȵһһӦԡ
ƵͣҶȡ缱æһǰ׵ˣ٣ÿҪһأԳƶԣɺܼ򵥡
ˡ
ںȻһ֮˽½ӡ֮ϸ΢΢Цݡ
ãҶȺʵ
缱æ͵Ҳǣ㻹ǵɣΣǲǰȫִâ½
ǵãȻǵãǸĵŮӣҸ涼㣬ҲԵ֣
Ҷ˵ֹ꣬ߣпеĻ๵ͨ˵ǲн񹬣нʣ
֪Ҷȵ˼֮һЦ֮֮Уڴߵٵĳơ
ߵҲƺݺ˺飬ʱ˿̣ļŵգ˸˵׹⣬ΪΪ۵Ĵڣ·Ƭʱշķŭ֮ѹĿֻһ赲̤
ڳƶԣߵʲôΧâͷţһħˣӳſ֮󣬻ΪУһ׹Уʵ÷顣
ڰ˵٣Ҳ־ƴ飬Եھŵ٣ÿ˶ܵٵľ޴ѹȡ
Ľ˲ΪŵޱȵĽƷ籩ŷ籩תԲеպ磬֮ı䷽򣬶ʱĻΪһ޴з籩
ƴŭһȣȫһâڼףͷںɽͷɴ۵ĲͨŲϢһȭӡ֮󣬻ΪµȭƼԦȭֱӳھŵٷ籩֮С
ɲǣıըضò
ʮ֮󣬴ӽ֮нԪưشӲ֮зɳʼڸ߿գԪϴ񣬳û̵һԴ
ûᣬн
Ԫ߶Ҷȼæһָ108нʱһա
ƵһץднԪ֮УҶҪԪΪн
֮
ԪɢȥϢҲײӰΪĳƣ©һЦ£׷ưĺ֮üͷŶϵļ⡢ͷżӲޱȵϢо񷨱Ҳ޷˵
ͻоϴ󣬸ոհֵõǰһĴУٺ٣ʩչ̵ԼߴԶŸֵҲȡ࣬ٺ٣
ֶʮ㣺ҪΪȣĪаǷӣͷŹȶԸǣһοʰ
ո˵ɣ
ҶȻһ֮ͬС
ʱ˿̣ҶѾʱʱ̴̿ڷ״̬֮У̤ʵܿԪʼ񣬶ԼҲ̤Žλ񣬹ؼǴǧͼѾΪٶһĪа׷ɱҶҲʮĽٴ˦
óʬ壬Լ񵤣һ࣬ҶֻպһﵽĳƣѾԶԶ˦֡
һоꡣ
ƴﵽһλʵҶһӪ纺ԾȥҲûһ֮ңѡ
óƵҶȫ߶ǧͼδѪ˴ٶȣѺܾˣȻȲϽѪٶȣҲﵽԪʼٶȡ
̫ʱգӦþǰա
ȥ
ĻļϢ̫ǿˣҶȺ˶Եͼ֮󣬵֮С
ϤǴ½ƬķˮϷ֮ǰɽʱգķʱգŷ棬ˮ֮ϵƯŴ½Ƭ
̫ʱϹŴսƬʱգǿߣɱɵġ
ãидŻƽ
ѰȥҵĿռ䡭磬ͷɽϢľͷӦúܸܿӦ
˷оһʧ磬ֵǣܱҪĶ࣡
ҶȿʼͷڵɵϢɢޱߵķʱա
ޱ޼ʵķʱգϡ٣Ҷʩչ龻֣Ҳ޷ӦκϢ
֮
ˮϿգͻȻǰճһϼ⣬ϼϢ󲿷ֶâһǹ
Ҷȡơʱǰһ𣿡
ϼⲻϼ룬ȻһӲӵĽ𹬣𹬣·ɽ칬һһ档
ˡ
ͻȻϼ֮еĽ𹬣һ˫ͫ˫ͫǲ򵥣ȼյĽ⣬ֱɨķʱգκʣӲ⡣
ⲻͨӦʵ
˾ѣգӹ˫ͫɨӣʶƺʵ
ɨڰʱͻȻ£ڵİգȻһϲĲ֮֮ߣǷϢһ𣡡
ǿߣ
ҶżɫԷȻľͷ
˲ϢǵϼʧɫͫҲɢȥǸ߿֮УͷŹľӰ
һ˲ſΣһŻƵۣ磬˶Զİ˼Ԫʼһ磬Ǳϱһ޽һ񵶣ֳֻ
һĿ⡣
Ϊ˵ϢһҲӦ
Ҫ֪ҶʵﵽԪʼĸ߶ȣǳƣܸܲԪʼϢǡǴ˵֮е߻
ѵλһ߻


2224 ʥ

վڵ硢ɽ硢۷Ĵڣǰλ߻ʵȻҲǿɵġ
˷ǰΧͷֲֳͬ΢΢ɢϼ⣬Ƿ·һȡ
ͷ٣ԼҶȡơ磬ʱ˿̣жิӡ
˺嫡İ磬ɽʿ뵽һ·ļ
ҵʹߣ
䣬ࡢʵն׳˶ȴʧ޳һŻƵۣԼƮݵĳɽ˴ûжٳ롣
һ¶ϲЦݣȻɽķߣӵɽĳλӭܴƹ磬̫ʱգʥӭǻؼң
Ҷ˻Ÿ飬д˼֮ʱˡʥͷɹ⣬΢Ц
ʥһᣬŹʥ
ǵ飬⣬հԪԪδһߣǣ뵽ϸԪǻԻ͵Ļ棬̤̫ʱա
ʥ̾ȻɨˣǷ磬жˣ
Ҷ߳һҶȣǳħ磬ɽأǰò״棬̤磡
ѣ
ǾȻһ˴ﵽ˽λ񣿡
ֲֳͬǿߣҶⷬͬʱһһŵģʥҲˡ
ܴ꣬²̤߽λԼǿЦ
ıԴҲܳ󣬾ӵ˾磬ɲǼ䣬ʥͷоǰϢȻϢˣӵжô˼δ
ưҶȴϴǲǸðǣӳ
ҶȳĬƬ֮˫ͫһâżϾ̫ʱգһİ磬ȻǷߵĵãҲϤȥ˵
ǶԵģȻǷʥأбȻҲȨƸӣҪǸ𣡡ҲͬҶȵĹ۵㡣
Ҷȡħ磬汾߰ɣǰʥзߵļ԰
һϼʥ屬ҶڵĿռ䣬ʥЦ˵꣬˲ϢԦϼ⣬һоˣ𽥵ڷշС
߿գ˸·ȻǷ磬ˮ½ںһ𣬷·Ǳ֮ء
ʥ˶̫ʱճ棬;Ϊ˽ܣϼԾٶԽԽˣѾҶ˼Ԧǧͼٶȵʮ
ͨ
Ϊ˽̫ʱգʥҲѯɽģ˽֮ͻȻʵǷϽģǲǻˣ
ֻ˷ѣѵķߣ仰ʳҶȡơ綼һ
ʥ׵ڽǧǰҲɽķߣ̤̫ʱգشۡۡشԼţͷ񣬾˽⣬ǴҲǰϽ磬ɽͥĴƿߣʱպöѵǲһ𣿡
ۡشۡشۡţͷ񡭡
Ҷиоһ£һ벻ͥĴҲϽˡ
˶ԣʶˣǡѡˣɽ磬Ĵ߽棬ϴ½磬˶֡
գۼ䣬˾Ȼǻص磬Ҳһɹ̤磡
𺳵ǣĴͥߣʵԼͨ棬磬˾Ȼ̫ʱգ˿һʵ󣬿˵ԩ·խ
ʥ
Ҷȼæ˵ȷǹͥĴߣ˲ڹͥɽ˿ɽ磬֪ҲҪ̤֪һ̤ͬ磬ʥѵֻ˷𣿡
ǹȻʶǺǣֻˣѵиķ𣿡ʥͷȻһ㶣ʡ
ǾɽĹͥǿߣӦûиߣ
ݣհԪǷ֮ʮֿ£Ҫͨܣνϼѣ˵ЩˣܷϽ磬Ѿǲ˼飡
֪ںδ
ǧϸԪڵġͥɹķߣԪķߣҴ󲿷ֶɽͥƿߣǿߣ
ͥɹ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷͷһ޷˵ָо
ͥɹ
ȻɽĹͥǰɹԪ֮ǰɽ磬ͥƿɽ磬ԪͥųΪͥش˼ͥɹ绢
ϴɽʱǶԹͥһ㶼νǹͥĴУشۡشۡۡţͷ񶼲γޣҪܶ飡
ֹҶ뵽ⷽ棬ơҲ뵽һ㡣
Ϊشν֣̫ʲôˣһлᣬ϶Ըǡ
ʱϼⲻϴ̫ʱоѾϢ

ĳһ÷½ƬѻĻɽɽڲͬƿصĽһһ޴ڲռ䡣
ڲռ磬оǺȻĴ½ɭ֡ɽȵȣȫ̫ʱա
ʱһɽĽ֮УƯһһ߲ء
֮Уֻشһ˿ҵУ߲ˮӿƤ֮Уһ쳣ǿ
أ
Ȼһѩ֯ɵĵŮӣͻȻԱߡ
ŮӴҲǶʮ£ݶׯ͸޾ޡ
ʥĸ
еشۣæһ߲ۣɳŮӹ
ŮĮһɨһ⣺ǧʱ䣬ձʥˮԽԽǿ󣬾ҲԽԽˣɽµأںϴﵽز˰ɣ˵ЩˣĿģҪ㣬ոմϢַϢʥˣӭӶҪص
ˡ
ش󣬾ޱȣòǵǰᵽҶȡħӣǣɽ֮УҹͥԿͥλܵҹ޲ýնɱʥĸͥȱľѪɣͥв˲֣֮ϣʥĸΪЩӱ𣡡
ش۾Ůӹ¡
ŮʢŭɽͥһΨҶ𣬶̫ˣԪͥ׻𣬻˼̤ͥϣ֮£֮ܲÿһߣҪҪԸ̫ˣڣ
ֻǲˣˣҶͣɽǿͥΪУǵӵ⣬ͥѾΪ˹ȥΪ˳һӶѪ𣡡
ǾͺãϣԼ𣬺ˣаɣҪȥȴŵСӣкεͣͥ
Ů˵꣬Ѿŭɶһ˦ʧڹ
ҶȣǺδ꣬棬ԩ·խմĳ裬𶨻ֻ
شĻȥӡ֮ɳܿڵȴʲôˡ


2225 е
ಡ
Ӱ֮ΧͷŹƺ
شۡԼţͷ
ƺ̤粻ãԼͨо޴ɱ䣬ƿԿ˶ﵽʥ񾳽硣
৷شףأкδܱȵϣǿʵҪ
ҺγǴеҪ׶Σոʥĸң˵ǵѣϾҪ
ѣ
Īǡ
һȻ˼Ƭ̣ʲôѣ˼ȴ𺳣ƺ뵽һȥˡ
ش۴޺Ҷˣһ̫ʹҺѹǣ˵ҪҶҲȻǰһǺ͸ˣԩ·խ
һ붼ֱˣɼɱжŨң˵޴ȥ̫ʹԤϵǻѾͥɹĴܸùϵҪˣѾ׾ٵ£
Ըˣ̫ż⼸ǧʱǱȻõӣΪʵҲǣҪԸǣԼʵҲҪߣҺŵǣǴﵽһ߶ȣٴΪǷëϴ裬һֺøܣ˫棬ʱʵնɱҶС£ܰԼ˫ԼҪģûʵûɣˣɽɶƿߣȴҪɫ
˵ļǣҶҲж˵ǶԸҲɱǣǰǿԼûʵ㱨ô߲̫ʱգ̫߳ʱգ𣿡
ǶίߣǱֺЩܣҺЩɽռٵԶԼǿشͨϵһҲеˣ
ȻҶˣǵߵĿ˫ʥƵĿǰΪֹû𵽶ãԺǶ˶ԸҶȣ벻ĽǾͲȥˣԺҶȻǵģѣȻҪúþһۣ
ɢɣ
ͥĴߣн󣬷׷뿪߿ա
̫ʱա
Ȼʱմųڵʱգȴ͸ǿʢԪԼܼĹ

ϼƿնȻͣڸ߿ա
ʥҶȡơϼָ߳ǰټʱգƯŵһɽǲƴ½Ƭ̫ܵʱϹսƬռ˵һƬ棬ҷǿߣֵطҲ׳Щɽ½Ƭ֮Уһɹÿһɹʮߣ
̲סʵʥ˵Դӹ֮󣬷Ѿˣôܻôķߣ
⣬ʵıԻشȴ׻شĺܣ
ʥϣ˸Ʈ죺Ƿںܾ֮ǰǿرԶŴս֮ļԪУԪܵشǷ߳ûչ׳Ҳٵ߻񣬿ɺɳԽǵĸ߶ȣǼʼųǿ䣬ʵҲʼ»Ԫķܣǵĺ粻ϵĵνķߣָ࣬ɽˣһɹ֮У󲿷ֵķߣ絮ģʵѲǷߣֻĺᣬڲӴ󣬵Щˣȴ˳̨ķѾ٣ռ˿ڵ֮һ
ԭ˵
һʼ˽
а˴ɹÿһɹ֮£һЩɹƿذ˴ɹľͷԶŷߵĴһǿ𵱽磬ǰǨ̫ʱգѾΪ̫ʱϹսУǲë֮أڴ˷չԪڷƽ˾֮жȹǴϸԪķߣ෽̫ܵʱյӰ죬뿪̫ʱգ⴦ǱޣĵΪʥǵָĴͷ֮һ
ʥ
ʥϾ⣬ʱǾ⣬ͷҲȻ𾴡
ܳΪͷȻǴﵽ񲻿˼ĸ߶ȡ
סλƮʥ
ǿʱʥΪʥϴȥ˴֮һֱδȻӼǵģУÿһߣԼĺӣʥһЦ˼ʱա
죿
°Ͷ޷ϣǿߵʱգĽ磬Ǵﵽ񣬾ܽģ䣬ʥȻܽ죬治Ǿǿߡ
ʱУʽʼ̫ʱա
˸ӦһЩ½֮УɽڣܸӦһЩǺܶ࣬еϰˣеֻǼˣһˣڿ޵С
𽥽ľɽʥܣҶȡơҲиһ˽⡣
а˴ɹֱɹɹɹɹɹɹϼɹɹ
˴ɹÿһɹƿߣǲʵʥҲûжٲ࣬Ƕǹϵķߡ
ǿЩƬΧƵľɽɹɹƿǡ𡯣
һĿǰһɽʥΪ˵սܵ濴ȥɹʲôûУһķϵɽ塣
ɽ棬ֱǱж죬˸ӦʱӦʮϢڲռ̫޴ˣ޷Ӧ߼ʣռԽ˵ߵʵԽǿ
ʮԪ֮ǰɽϹŶڷ磬һ޴ޱȵţͽﵽ֮࣬ȻڵɽʱգĹ·ɽʱգһ·ɽ磬ʮңԶ磬˵˲֪˲
ʥΪ˴½ܵ
ˡ
֮УҶһֱͷŻ龻֣ҪǸӦشϢԼ޵ˡ
޵ϸԪй֣Ԫ޵˵ȻѾһ֣ͷŸӦȻܵ΢һϢ
δӦ޵˱˵Ϣ
شۡشۡۡţͷϢҶӦǵʱա
Ҷʥʩʵ֪ʥ֪޵Ƿ
޵ˣʶ֪ʥķһ䡣
ϸԪ֮ĩǿ֮һЩȻ˵Ĵ˵
˵޵ˣ˲֪˲粻ãʮ꣬ʱѾʥΪˣôʱ䣬̤ʥ񣬽ܵͷע޵ǸӺܹŹֵˣ󲻾ã㾭һУÿһξʮ꣬꣬ϴλʱΪѾﵽ߽λԪʼμǧʱ䣬Ϊһһ¥Ŀǰ޷˵ʱͻ
ԭˣ
ҶЩʧ޵˵ĲȲ޵ˡ
ˣԪڵ֮䣬ûһλ໨Ŵ۵ķߣҶֽʵ
໨Ŵۣ
һΣʥԵú⡣


2226 ˴ͷ
ܿ죬ʥҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵ԪΨһķߣ֮ǰûһ磡
໨Ŵۡ
Ǹ¸ҡǸηǸ¶ǿߣںڰеһҶȵԺ֡
໨Ŵ֮󣬲δѰӦȥ磿
źҶȻΪǿԼ޵ˣȻ໨Ŵۣ˶δ
ǿǰȭͷľʯڣ
;ɹǷǱ֮أʥ֮˷׷ǰȻһĶ쵰Ư룬ΧԼһָȻǱһֻֽס̬
ָƣɲȻγɵģǴͨȡӲ˼ͨ
ԽԽò˼飬ԽԽ޴ǰʱȻоһ򣬴ⲿܣļԣѾԪʼ񣬴ﵽļ̸߶ȡ
ȥɣ˴ɹͷԼٸ߲㣬ڵټǣ
ʥ˶һʱ䣬˵֮󣬴һӡ˲Ϣһâ֮Уգۼ䣬ǲ̫ʱյķ֮УһޣضǹԼԪĿռ硣
˱仯˾ٿϷһƯĹȺͬ¥ƯھƲ֮С
ٿأȻҲмǳطֲ˷Ҷ˵ĸӦԸܵǳ֮ʮϵˡ
ʥĵطһдСﵮ
ϿȺһΡֶͼһЩڹȺķѲߣȻҲŹڱԴԪ
ЩѲ߷·֪зϽ磬׷׿ⷽ
ಣ
Ϣ֮ʥԽһϷһӲӽ֮ϣһۼʱҶ˾;һ㶼İƺɽ칬ƣߣڵʮԿĪаʱʮ߶Ľӡǣǰ𹬲ࡣ
ǰ࣬վһٶǿߣԼͽλԪʼĴڣ֮һǷߣһ
ʥ𹬣һٶĿ⣬ʱ۶
ʥ
һٶǿߣ׷ʥÿһ˶֡
Ҷһٶǿߣ磬һμߣҲһˣʮ֮࣬ķ߷ܵʵıԴ࣬ͬǣǳͿʼ
ǷûվǰǸŮǿߵϢ
Ȼ˴һͬҲ࣬վһŮӣ뱾ԴһͷŵĹӴ
Ůӣǰشеλʥĸ
аĺȵ·ŮӲ˵⣺йͥɽϢҺŨңǹͥɽ磬ĳһϵƿߣ˵ش۱Ȼ֮У˵ѰɽͥĶԹһһ߸
ȷϣͷ΢΢ŭ⡭ҶӦһʥĸУһŭ⡣
زʶԷѾ⣬Ȼشйء
ҶȺصʥʵʥλŮǰ˭
ʥһƳܵʥĸϸԪ֮磬һԪУѾ̤ͽλԪʼѾǲھɹУǾɹ֮УǱķߣˣɽڵͥͥһλƿߣɹͥ߾ۼ֮أԪ֮ǰͥܣ
ʥĸ
ЩԸжͷγɣУػһӰ졣
߲򵥰ȻΪ
Ƿˣ
Ӧò̫ã
ʥ𹬴ǰʱ˿̣ǿܽҶˣҶһȭ񣬴ʱ֮Ув˷֮ҶΪ̫ྪ㵡
Ͼķߣһϲ񣬵˲Ȼ˺
ʥҼ򵥽һ˽𹬣𹬴һ磬Ҷ˶޷ţǿߣῴǡ
Խ磬ǰʧһĴȻǰռܴ󣬶뻹һðˮݵˮأԼɽϢ
ڹ࣬ʮǿߣ󲿷ֶ½ߣΪ󲿷ֶԪʼֻмԴһ֣ߣȻڸ涼ҪһЩ
Ϸڱ֮ǰֱŰϢ޵ľͷ
ˣҶȡơ˲֪ݣһ˴ɹƿߣҲǿĴڡ
ʱ˿̣ǿߴĿͶ׷׽ҶϣǶʱһݾϲԼͬ飬Ƿߣһһʵ
ҶȡơˣмΪӣͨУһ̤ѹأĵطƻ·ңһת֮һǴ罵ٵ󣬸޷Ҷȡ
ҶǴӷˣһϲһķˣͨУʿĿеߴԵμ̣٣һЩ
뵽ЩʶйĵˣγɾİϤһһ֡
дǾɽ磡
һͷһ̾ҶͶȥ͵Ŀ⣬޵λΣ;ӭǻؼңӴԺǵļң
λ
ʥ߳ʮͷҶȡơ֮ǰһһԼ֮һЩ
Ȼд󲿷֣Ҷ鹹ģⲻƭʥĻԣΪҶȲ״̬£֪ǵĸܡ
ʥ֮󣬱ǿѯɽƣϷİͷһֱֳĬ̬¡
һԻ֮ҶԸоһֻصɽĴΪÿһ仰ǹɽ磬ЩͷеĹȥ
ǰÿ˶йȥؼͬĹȥȥеˣȴζȥһһΣҲǶԣȥȻѹȥϾĵεΣƴնɣԶĳЩ˶ԣȥԶ޷ȴġ
޸ȥҶȡħʽ
Լ֮ϷϹŶһ˿ڵˮ˵֮ȴһȻ𾴵
ϹŶһۣǰ֮УΨһɫΪǿߡ
Ҷȡơܿ³ϹŶݣǰ˴ɹɹƿߣĴڡ
ʥ֮ʮͷһͬ뿪
ߣףϷλʥۡɻʡʥλĸϼʼԼۣ
֮Ҷȡơ統Ҳ״˴ͷ˻ˣߣλʮŮӣ͸̬ˡĲơ
ͷȷѪ涼Ϊǿߡ
УһЦ
ҶȺȻʲôɻ󣺡ǿɻǵãʮ߶ӡʱһϹŶ־֣ƺ˴ͷ֮һ


2227 ڷ
ᵽʮԺ֮УĪаսӰӣʮǲ򵥣ԪʼͷԿ
翴Ҷƣеѽֻ˵ԪûԪҲˣΪ޷ֱ棬Ҳܴﵽǲ֪֮Ĳ̫࣬ˣһλλʵϾаٱ࣬һλͻƶλҲҪԪϵƾ£Ի񲻵һ־磡
֮ǻǰۣƴ˿Ҳչϸһ棬ԵĶǻҲСģ㶯ѪҲûаգ񿹺⣬Ѫ汾ɱ
˾գ̫ʱգʵףúȥ
һϹŶԱߣɹף
һһϣʱõֹˮͫ⣬Ҷȡơϡ
ֿŮͷĿһġʥλĸϣʥλĸǰ÷λľɹˣҲͬһɽʱգ㾪ɹ֮У
·󣬵ɫλߣشۡشۡۡţͷϴʥλĸôеش۵ӰӣҲ뾪ɹͥĴ̧ͷͷҲ̫Ӱ˰ɣ
λʥλĸ֪ɽϵĴڣʱͥӦûδɽ絮شΪ޷ҾʥλĸǾ뾪ɹĿǰӦûж⣡
ǵǽ֮ǰʥĸҲھɹ˭֪ʥλĸ᲻ᱻɱΣ
Ҫ˰ţҲ޷˵֣߰˴ɹκһǶ޷˽⡭
˰вϽţоһ˰ڲζ
֣
֪ȾʥλĸӦһ˵ˡ
ԣǡɹߣۣϹŶʱĿۣ
ۺƣֹԼ̬ȥһӵгƵͨˣףʥλĸڿֲѾҪչλߣλɹһ£
ۣѵðɣǴҲûһˣȥκɹһϷΪִˣ
𵱼Ӧ
ɹۣǽ뾪ɹô˽⣬ǸɽĹˣɹЩߣѾ֪ǺδɽʱյĴڣ
벻оͷ·벻ĳ֣Ҷ΢΢һǸ߸ϵۣ޷͸
ǶԷܰ˿ܡ
ҡͷһ̾ʵզΣû취ˣʲôɹֲ˵㣬治ǻʥ𣿡
λۣ
ʱ˿̣ɹľͷۣ¼ӣ˽ܵڵɽʱգǵɽңԶɹķߣǴһȻǲͬһɽ磬ǶǷߣ𣿡
ǣ

ˣλǰѵþף벻ǧ䣬棡վϹŶҲ׼
ҶͻȻ߳һϹŶĿٴͶҪ£λǰ㱨
ãٴ¡
Ҷȹɽʱɽ޷ķ̾ɽ磬ƺʲôı
ʱҶȻѹͥ˵ǰɽ޷ʱ޷Ū֪Щ£ҶҲзִ磬еᣬеʱ
ʵɽҶȣµȷǴ£ɴѰʲô
ޣҲǵǿ߶֣δκ鱨Ϊ֪£ˣڹһԵУһΪʮǰƿһǰѾΪһƬ棡
ھͷ󣬶δκɫ׵¡ҲڲǰյϢʮȷˣϸԪ֮ĩףܵԡǰ֪֪ͨյϢȻʱ䣬Ϣɽ磬ʱвץסᣬ磬ù׺ʮˣʱǵб仯òʹʮԱߣʮ֮һ¶ܣǶˣԪȥһֱǺϵϾǵش쳣ƫƧʱգҲȥȥ
񣿡
Ҷһǵһš
۽ӦǿܣҲ֮֮һƺɽͨʮءǰ֪ͨҪȱٲٷߣ
֮£ټ˵ֻһ½ر𣬶ȷӰ죬ϾϵĸǶţܰɽˣ磬ǻ𣿡̩Ȼʵ
һ¡
ҶȺȻ˿ơ磬·ҪһҪľϷϹŶҲҶȵɫ仯׷׺
֮Ҷʩʵηֻˣ
ŶȻ˴ͷ׷һ
ʵأж٣
ߴϹŶҲڴţϾ߲δһˣܶһ
ʮˣ
ʮˣ
أںδ
ҶȵĻشͬһϷϹŶвϹŶһֱһ̩Ȼе̬֣׷һ־ϲӲš
ǵʱһͬϽΪԭֻ˽УǡһֱռУ֪߷Ϣһ紫Ʊػ޴䶯
˼飬ǳҶȣ벻˽
СͷԼڣǻԶڹ
ϼⲻǻͷǴϻۣǣȻĻЩߣ޷վǰ
һʱ䣬һϹŶ̾ѡ
һֱҶزأҲǳ֮ƣҪһطУΨһĵطҲûа취İ취
ҶҲĥ֮ڵڷߣǰйǧҪǶԾͷᵽֻɽ磬ʱϢҶȾͲýˡ
̣ڰϹŶͳͳվ͸ǿڴĿ£Ҷһ⣬ֻâһֶֻۡն졢ɾġ̫ۡ顢۴ɡ졢̫ƻͷ߾𡢴ϼؽ౦ۡ׷ħ桢滨šˡ˫ʥˮ޼ˡ΢ߡˡɽԼ塢аķߣһλһλâڴ֮С
ʮһ֣ͬռʱһŴɽϢ
ˣÿһ˶ɽ֮Уһİ˵΢ĴڣǷƣȻ̬֮Ҳһݲɣһݾݣһݼ


2228 ɹ
⣡⣡⣡
Ϊ׵İ˴ͷ׷״ϷÿһԵԼϲ
зǰϢԼеʣж˵ݣͬͬѪɽ硣
ʮǿߣʥ⣬Ҳ˴ͷǿ𺳡
˴ͷʼʺˣѯɽĹȥԼ
һߣȻŹ˴ͷּ˵ĴţǾǴ𣬱ϾԪɽ˽⣬˰˴ͷ֮⣬˿ɼġ
Ҷȡơ·𱻵һ㣬վһԡ
ưЦϴڿڳ֣ɩӴɽԪоȳɽһˣ
ɽңԶٲõĪа봳̫ʱգΣǵúʱ䣬ڶʱʵҪ̤ټ磬Լ̫ʱգȻྪ֮أʱͨһʽУɳȥҲ٣Ԫõ콣
ʱҪΪ˸ѪĴۣһŮв˲ֶΣ磡
ɲǣҶŭɶᵽɽһӻ𣬲ڲżɻɽȼȥ
Լȥ
зӦ˴ͷʼֻۣûҪһˣʮ˱ϹŶɡ
ҶҲи֪ˣشҲϢԺҪˣзߣͥǵжԹϵ˿˫ʥÿ˶ܵͥв
Ȼ˷ֱȥߴɹʵδɢҿ߶ʱֿҲǻ£Ҷȼ˽Ȼȴ
ɳա
һ֣ɲϤķգ£֮Ϸɶա
ͻȻɻ󣺡ܸо۲򵥣㿴˸оûĵطȻ򵥡ҾãǲʲôֶͨΣеǱǣ
˵ˣ
һ㣬ҶͻȻҲͷԣ۵ޱӰԽобʲôΡ
ִǣҪǰ֪ҶˣȻǿ̺Ǳ
ô뻢ڣ
Ҳ˵ǲ򵥣̫Ǹ߸ϵӵеͨҶȡơ޷
̷ۣҶУͬʱͷ
ԼϢɶȣٶͻȻڵʱգѾһңԶķʱա
ǰһ޴ĻɽͺͺģΧƯ೾źﶯоһƬơ
ǱɹΧɹһЩǿߣеĵճʱҲԳҪȥɹӵƣ
ۼ򵥽ܼ䣬Ȼ䣬ûõĹ֮Уɹڲ磬Ŀһ޾Ĵأɽɭ֡ԭҰӳ
ǿͨɹ֮ʣߣϢͳһһˡ
һۣƤ񣬸оɫŮӲ࣬һɫԲΰں棬һµò˸оڶʮ£ͷŵϢʮȻ
۹
ǿ󣡡
һҶȡơ˲ž㵷֣ȻֶһˣҸоԷٶȡϢΨһͣҲһ߸ϵĻ
ƽĿҲɨˣκβѰ֮
ɹ֮һԽ鴨ӴǣʲôҪ鴨ǣҲֱұ
˽֮꣬Ȼʧ
ǰ˼æʩ
ǰ̫ˣһ±ɣ
Խ鴨֮ǫͷȻﶯ䣬һͬɹٶȲǺܾˡ
ǾһǳأһƬɫ֮أԽ鴨˽һ֮УԽ鴨еʣ²ӡ
ɹ֮ڣһ㶼籾Դ֮أ½ߣЩ֮ؿޣΪ̫ǵոշʱѾǿˣԿǾӢ֮еľӢһʱ䣬Ӧȥޣ
;оǳأǰһƬƵɽԱ߻һӴĳǳأԽ鴨ܵɹӵʮɳأкϸĹȣɽǷߵĵʱУ
ʮԽ鴨ɽ֮УһɽȥɽΧûйȴһЩ¿Ķ
ɽķߣΪҲǴ඼ϸԪ֮ĩɽģڸԪķߣΪﵽԼԪʼһУƽʱǿԶཻȻǲͬһɽʱգȥˣǿԺϵ
ƣƣǿԽɹ֮ͨзУⴢǵԴΪģʱǺа滹̫ʱյĽܣԼϣҪ߶ƱɣҲʱʱǣҾͲˣһ·̫ʱղףúϢɣǾͿԾ
Խ鴨һϸ֮ơö׶ȥ
Ҷȡơתһ̷ȥ
ʱһ֮У۾ȻһֱδȥĿ⻺˽붴֮һ
գۼ䣬һ֮С
ֻһˣ֮üͷ΢΢һ壺Ϣ׼ȷ˲ܴɽ磬ܴصɽ磬Ԫʼѵ¡
˼ãű˫ۣͬһ
֮У
ط
ҶȡơʯϣɽڵҶ⣬ռǿ򱶡
ϢһᣬѾӦϢҶȵ˵ҪСģ֮УӦвʣǵô
ţ
ӦӦܿ뿪ȻԱ֮С
ҶóԴ䣬ʼںϢ
ıﻹ治٣ʯһѣƷʯƷʯҲʮ߶ȵķвؼԼٿ񵤣ҶȵǲںЩʼ˽Լ̫ʱա
̫ʱչȻܴ󣬱Ϊʮռ䣬̫ʱ룬˴ɹǷֲڲͬռ֮С
ͼӵͼϿԼ˰˴ɹʮй¼꣬ʿйĵط̫ʱ֮⣬һ޴ϵ
٣ˮˮ
ɹֱ۵ĵһƿأͷϢĻᱻӦԺͻƵĻ뿪ȥķʱգ
֮ǰҶ뵽ְܶ࣬뷨߳ơ磬ҲʵˣҲչԼܡ
ʵҪĿģһѰɽӪ纺ξΪ˶Īа
Уܣ̫ͷҶǻǸӦжôֲ


2229 ս
ڱɹ֮УȻ˽ʱڣ
ҶȡơڶԿʼԺɹһĹ֮УۿƵ˫ۣǰһââ֮Уڶ֮иС
۲֪ƿغεȴܾͨңԶһһУ̫˼顣

Ȼӵ⴫Խ鴨ޱ𾴵
ˣ
âΪŤ״̬ʧ
Խ鴨빬۹ҶѰźã֪Ҫ£
ûʲô£Ҷȡħò׷Ͻ磬ɹİףƽʱעɣ
鴨ף
Խ鴨֮΢˫ۣת֮߳С
ۣǧ
ơҶȶ֮У˾ǧӦ̫ʱϢȻûͻƣÿɡԼԦȻΪûʵȴߡ
ʱ̫ʱͼһҵһΪսߡĵطʺУ
ҶȵŶˣС˵꣬Ȼóһͼָ̫ʱԶʱϣսλã̫ʱΣյĵطǿߣǿʵĽأֻдﵽΪſԽսߣս߿ռ֮УлǿԶǿΪа꣬ݺᣬԪʼǿ߽ȥҲΣգϣ̫ӣԶŴսǿµĶսӣͷҲ޷ǽȥ
עͼϵʱգսߣ֮ǰҲע˵սЩΪаȻԶŴս֮У쳣ǿľͷµ꣬һȻ͸Ϲǿаа֣طȷĿǰ̫ʱնǶԣȫ֮
ٺ٣ϴ˼ˣϴпԪⷽľͨǸպÿռԶǿߵԼ£ȴһǿͻ磬ڴǻԶԸа֮꣬ǿԪͣǣаЦ
һļϣǧʲô鶼СûɣΪ˶Īаǿʵ뿪ط
˲Ϣ˷ɳɽһᣬԽ鴨һ
˵Ҫȥս֮£Խ鴨ɫһɲǿЦ£ΣޱȣҲֻܽԵʱգǲ֪ж£ֻгħĿǰڱԵλУѰҲȥ̫ˣ
ȻԽ鴨ⷬЩ̶˲δΪԽ鴨ĳ㣬ǵǰΣû취ֻĥӲݣ취
Խ鴨ȥ˵ӿԽ鴨Ҳ˿ڷ磬ΨһҪ󣬾ҪҶȥսߣս֮ڣÿ꣬Ҫ㱨
˵Խ鴨ǿͨ£ԳҶ˴߶ǧͼٶȵԶɹ
֮Խ鴨ľٶƿ£ڵʱգַɹ༸ֹ״̬µķʱգ̫ʱգΧƯ棬Ѿꡣ
ǰʱգˣƬ֮࣬շǣһɴ̹ǵĺƬʱմԿԼƬʱе磬Ƭʱһֲ磬Ƭʱ
ǿߣ̫ʱʱͷսߵĴڣв̫ˣ֣磬ҷսҪʱգֹս󣬸Ӳ꣬
ս߼ǽأȻǽأ뿪ķߣ߲壬׷УʹǿߣҲһ䣬а֮УձаᣬΪˡﳣǿߣ鿴ӡ޲ӡҲߵΪһ⣬Ϳսʱҷ죬аҲǽҲִ޲ӡⷽ񣡡
ȻͬսУȴҲϣΪǣǿߣټĵطҲ赲ǵĲԼľͷУȻˣɳɳҪһǧҪսߵλã㱾ԽУֻа˴ͷʵȥҲǰ㣬ҲҪðž޴գ
ǰӡĿռ䣬Խ鴨֮УϴʣҲйģ֮ǧ
żսߣʮ֮Ľǰ˾ҪʱԽ鴨ٴζһ䣺սʱպǧ
л£ǻСĵģ
ʩȥȻ̤ӡ
ϣǲǲ֪ߵغ񡭡Խ鴨ֻĿǽ磬Ȼδȥһֱڽ֮ȴš
䣬ͻأòһ
ĽӡǰѾǾֹģȥ̫ʱյķ״̬ǿ磬һƬĺ硣
£̫ˣ˸ոѾо޴в
˵δ֪а꣬ǰ⺮磬ҲҪһƣÿһı
ȴɫӦս߿ռ䣬ʮϢ΢΢ͷŶǽߡ
ֱʱգԵռ䣬ܻᱻӦ棬ǲſܴչȭţ
ҶȻ׳־ģһͬԥ򺮷ǱƬ½
һ޾ǿգ˶ԣʵİ硢ɽ綼սż統ҶȰγǷӡ֮ͷǿа꣬һȻɽ죬Ƿӡ֮ѹĿռ䣬ʵһϹս
̣뼸׺ٶȿʼȻǱȵģٶֻﵽʥ£ӭĺ磬Ȼڶǵ뺮緢ҶһĦ֮
˻˻
ϯ֮ȸ߽λڴ籩֮ʣ֪Χͳ˺ҧ֮
ȻֹæǰһƬư޴ӰԦ磬ϯӰӰԪĿа꣬аʶơ
ҵµɣЩ󣡡
Ӱ֮Уһظһ֮
Ӱսµаꡣ
ɷ򣡡
ֹԸΧ磬ҶƮɷֱӴ߶Ԫ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȷ·ǻа껹Ҫ£ſһ磬һŽӲӵĴ죬аڸ߿ҧһ
ҶȲϽӡٶԽԽ죬ɫһڽһ˺а꣬ȥȻΪҶȵԪ
ԪԪҶȱ񣬵ԪѾﵽ޷ȵĸ߶ȣڲκԪ񣬶Ҫ֮¸
֮󣬻а걻ҶǿɣڻΪԪһָ˳Լ磬ķָԼū֮ƿ㣬ڲ
쿴
֮˻ս߱ԵʱգʱųһָǰУȻƯһ޸ɣ޸ĸͷǶһϴʯ֮ϣʯȻһͷ­ģ
ԶŴһֳ񸫵ľͷһͷǿеͷ­֮ϣȻһͬ׹սԨ绯ΪԶսǰ߰Զż䡣
һĻɪɪ񸫿Զ߾ͷջڴˡ


2230 а׷ɱ
һ˫ͫâ˵񸫣õģ
Ҷ׵һ񷨱κһ˵õʵֻȻˣȥһԣ
ٺ٣
֪ѵȲһﰡﶼһɶͷâһ޴ӡᣬҶȡҲȥһ񷨱ɲǺýġ
һӵ񸫣ԸĪаԪʼпܡ
ɵ񸫣ΧƬ֪绯꣬˷֮ʣֻһ֪Щ㣬ȻͷһѪ֮⡣
Ѫ֮һѪӰֱӴѪ֮з룬ѪӰֶһ͸Ѫ̬
ЩѪȻ͸ģ·ӵʶһ㣬Լʮֻ֮࣬һɶ೤ƷʱѪʱǰǱѪسƷٶ֮죬ﵽŵĵز
ҵ·
Ŀˣ죬壬ѵһѪ
˵ʱʱ죬ͷ֮ǰӡֱ͵ץѪӡԵҷâɡ
䣡
ͻ񣬿Ĵڴ󷽸ѪʱͻȻԼӡȻѪֱ飬˲䶼޷ֵ
Сģ
󷽣ҶȡҲͻı仯ʵһԳʵȻѪ֣ѪȻ쳣ֲ
үүģ
ƾǳƣ֪ԼʵѪ֣ƫƫģҲܣץһâѪ
¡
һνһģâѪ˲䱻Ѫ飬ѪƺҲܵӰ죬ǳųͷ­ƺѪĹĿֻ꣬ͷ­
Ҷȼæ߶ֻͨһץС

գۼ䣬һ׳ѪǰʧѪڳʧռ䣬ȻֱӺ˷׷顣
˾ۼһ飬û£һֲһһֱûȡãԭ飬ҲаںϣɣΪа飬ʵѾﵽԪʼ۷壬߶ȣ
аɱˣӣ
Ƶ³çԼ˵Ĳ֪飬Ѿ񸫵а֪꣬񸫣Ƿ绯ͷ­֮ʮ񸫣Ծٶȣ
ಣ
˼æҲշȥǰһƬˮ򣬸ոշߣʮа׷ȥ
Ӳ˼ǣǿƷ绯񸫣Լͷ­һҲضҲһڸ߿պƣǲŹɱࡣ
ˣˣɶ
ͷһаԼ񸫱׷ˣŵһ亹Խ鴨һս̫Σˡ
ٶƣʱûа׷ϣǶԷûз׷ɱ˵˼ʮѪϵ·ڲаںɱͬԶŴսɱʱĴսһ㣬ֻɱ¾
ӣ˸оֻصĪаԪ׷ɱʱ޷⣬ֻÿռٶȣϵߣӷ絽磬һҲİ̫ˡ
ˣ
ΪȥͿԳ񸫷׷ɱ
һٶȥ˲սʱܣʲôҲ˲ϣаһֱں׷ɱôҲ˦γ״̬취ӦʱٴνѪ߶ǧͼߣһİ취
֪ǰİʱԼΧͻȻƿաа֮
䣡
˷նоǧɱ
ͻ䣬Ҷȡơ綼֪£ѵִ߶ʲôƣ֮ʣȻа飬նЩа鲻ǽΣǵǹֶ̬
·硣
ˣЩ鲻Ԫʼ񣬻л񼶱Ĵڣ˵һں治Ϊλ
Ϣߣ
Ŀǰûȥ·Ҳ·ֻȫϢа޷ӦˣӶչɱ
ȻҶȫ߶ߵ״̬£Լʩչ˶ʱսںϣϢԽԽޡ
ͬʱаɱ飬˻а꣬ҲһɱһĻŵ˲϶£оǧ֮С
ɱɱɱ
ɱ
ɱɱɱɱ
һЩOO@@аĹаꡢа֮ͷųͬ۷ڷ裬һ꣬ĸꡣ

ͬʱʮͻȻӿٶȣΧ顢аꡣ
ķаꡢаҲ񸫣ʣһЩаа꣬ҶʧĿУѰ䡣
䣡
а顢аȻ໥ɱԪʼԼ񣬼ˣ󣬷׷׷໥ɱγɵĻƣжôˣƬռ俪ʼ˶ѡ
ˣ
ڴ㵱еˣͻȻۣЩаꡢа飬ƺЩϹŴսǿߵսʶΪɱ磬ֻɱ¾ʿҲˣЩа괫ЩǿʱΨһʶںЩа飬ǡǻΪϹŴսʱڣ໥ɱдսսǰǻ˵սֳΪǿ顢аս
ֲãùˣ鶼ĨĨ亹ڿûǸ첻µزµģ
ͻͻͻ
ܿ죬аꡢаս֮УԶŴսһĻ·ǰݣ̫пˣаꡢаֻɱ¾ͷŵĻ˺ռ䣬˺Ƭ½
ˣΧˮ棬Ҳκˣˮһδ˾ҲﵽԪʼ
ǻ𣬴ǳԽԼͽλԶսЩаȻֲ쳣
ʱ˿̣˲ᣬԽ鴨Ƿ

ֻ˺ռ䣬Щ˺֮ҲʼҶƵĿռ䣬˵Ľ磬ܵ˺֮ײҶȾһѪ˲ﵽˡ

ˣʧֳա
ɱɱɱ
ƺаԼа飬УɱĻϢ˱ײռ䣬ϰаԼа飬ɱ
Χ֮У˼Ǻ޻֮ͻȻ׹һϴ󣬿ϿղУǻǽˮ£߶ͨṩѪ
ԣˮҶ缱æͷҶȵ֮߶Ӥ֮ˮϵΪΪһ׽磬ˡ
ˣ
ƴ߶˵ѪɫâȻں׽磬˶ʱˮ硣
ۣ
֪Ща顢а꣬ҲһУ׷ɱˮ¡
ˮ磬һƬڰ
׽ͬ飬ƯˮУ羪ˮøӣȻӵѹǿǧˮҲͬоѹ޷ǰУ
ǾȻɱˣߣ
һϷһٶаꡢа龹Ȼ׷ɱֱŹǣƴ߶Ѫں£ɫ粻ˮȥ
һӣǰ꣬ҶΪʵ̫ҶȵͨδﵽɣԷеٶȲ̫ˣˮ·УѾԪʼ޷ģԪʼˮ磬Ǵ粽С
ΪսߵˮΪԶŴսĳ׹룬Ѱӡ󣬵ˮ緢޴仯ˮںϣγһճ״̬״̬Լѹ£Ԫʼûа취ǻҲס
£ʥٶȷУѾ˼漣ҺаꡢаҲҪܵѹȣȻ군ˡ


2231 Ͽռľ
ɹ
ҶȡħսУ
Խ鴨Ӱ˸֮С
ϷƺоʲôĶԽ鴨Ӱӻ֣ȥ˿ǧ˰ɣ
ǵģһж޷ӹķۣȻֻһӰԽ鴨飬۳𾴡
ĺܺãη֮УеţδҪЩϣעǶȷȫ
ڲǰ鴨Ѿ޷ӦǵϢѽս
ս̫޴ˣǨʱսƿǷսߵﵽ̫ʱյ֮һռ̫嫣Ҳûа취ԪΪвٷߣʧȥʧЩϹŶҲȥѰҹҲδǸʱգеаꡢаʵǿ֮࣬ϧԶŴս̫ңԶӹȥ˽⵱׷˺εȵս
ҪҪȥѰǣ
ˣ˺ܻӦò˰ɣǲǿǵܣŽսУǿҪܿǵĸӦȥҲҲǣػǿߣǣ
ϻ
һԽ鴨Ӱʧ
δ̫Լ£ﲻɽ磬Ϲս̫ܵʱգϣΪ֮Ȼ˲ţû֪֮ҲǴİˣ
һЦǷݹž·Ķõܡ
Ǽȥ˽սߣѾһǧꡣ
ӣǧ˻Ǿ߶ٶȣսѾ֪ˮ
ôǰˮ磬ƺһź·ˮ򶼱ĸо
а顢а껹ڲ׷ɱ˿̣ͬʱȻ׷׸Ӧͬʱǰˮ硣
Ƭˮǳĺ䣬Ǽ֮أ֪ʲôѾѡֻӲͷƤ뺮ˮ֮С
֮ĺˮӾƺһ㶯ҲûУ޴Ƭ½Ưںˮռ䡣
ʲô
֮ɪɪ֮ʣͻȻһϵˮǰˮ˸⡣
ȥ·һˮ硣
·һˮ磬ĺⷽӿ£ںʹ֮£ˮ򲻶³Ща顢а׷ɱٶȣȴ֪ΪֹϵԽԽ
ôһ˳˯Ϣ
һУ˲ˮͣƺ̫ʱˮˮ磬·һ޷ͷ磬ܹϣͷŵĽ׹Ҳʲô磬ƺȻγɵһռ䡣
ﲻ򵥣ͼԼϣûйκνܡ
ϹսĿռ䣡
ʱûпǽռ䣬ͬʱͷһȻаԼа飬ܸоǾϷѰš
һᣬҲûҳһ
Ȼ֪ΪΣƺ΢΢Ӧڲһ΢ϢҵѪϢܣ
ҿ
ȻżȻҶ߶壬ģһӦ֮ûκջ
ôֻһҶȲǴ壬壬ң֮УΨһӵоĵĴڡ
ȥ֪ˣЩа껹ϷҰǣ
Ķ˼򣬽ܹϾȥ
ҶȡҲԥ˵ʲô棬һһδ
һͬӴ⣬ⲻǽ磬һĹ㣬δûܵκƣų⣬һҲܲΪο磬Ϊ׽
Ҳû룬˼֮ߣԽ룬Խ޷ӦսߵϢﻹԪʮֹϡ
ʱ֮Ҳ֪ռ䣬Щã
ʱͻȻϲޱȣæ̾ϢǿˣҸҿ϶Ȼȱеı
ͻȻһָ쿴ȻһʿĪϹսʬ壿
ȻǰʧУƯʬ壬оʬͻȻռ̣Ȼ⣬Զڰ֮С
Ϲǿʬ壬ôӵжྪ˵б˼æӿ첽𽥵߳磬硣
磬Ե쳣ڴҶͻȻüһȣûƺ޷ռϢ
Ҳ֣
Ҳһ
ˡ
Ƹ˵ʱͻȻҽţҽſʼȻ𽥵ؽֱ
ͬʱҶҲ־ؿԼ壬ȻӰ磬ӿһ޷ųĿ½ӿƤֱ֮ѹȫռѹĪаĹֱͷžԽ֮ͬʧȥɣͬʼ޷һ¡
Ӿ˵ǣ˷֮ǰӿȻںڵһ޷һ£Լ״̬£һɢֻ·һ
ʱ˿̣ǲ֪ǰʬ壬ΪλһоƵġ
ŵɫˢףϡϴ󣬿취
УȻ̫һ޷ڻֵʵҶڵһʱ䣬ͿʼԿֵĿǺá
磬Ѿ߶ĵҲ޷һ¡
оѵҪƳʩչֶΣ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ƶü˸һѪ⣬Ѫ洫Ҳ˾һ𣺡ǴϹս֮ǿߣ֮ͨУһͷĹȿռ䣬κʡУԶ֮У
һżˣǰ߶̣
ѪˣУҪΪ㲻ǻǻ񣬲ô߶̣ͿԶԿ֮һԭǷӡϹսľͷΪٴﵽ߽λ񣬶ͨȻūΪ࣬ӵһū˶޷ģЩūߴֺǿԶԿȣһ֮ȶԿ֮γɻһƬռ䣬ˣǵϢս£ͱǿ֪ϢһȥͻӦҲʮϹʱʵ޷ǿ⣡
Ҷȹϵƣ˰ɣˣǾ뿪磬Ҳ޷ӹЩͷ취ˣѪ棬ǲеĻ񣬶ܽ죬ŷԼ־
һæʼѪ档
Ѫĵлܽ죬һҪǶй͵ǿߣΪﵽ߽λ񣬶ľͷΣһЩӵлǿߣǵõˣſԽ죬Ϊǻߵ磬ûƿػˣ޷ֻпԼҪǵõ֮ɣܽ죬ˣ޷ġľͷȷҪԴͷ߻
ǺãҪǣҿǵõԪеĴڣֻҪȵľͷȥ죬ôͻԪ
ԭҶҪ߶ԪϾһõһ߶ǽľͷҪЭ


2232 ҹʶ
缱æǻ˵Ԫصһ˼ƶܳɹ
ˣ
ڳơǿڴ£Ҷ˲ӡʱӡĴԪʼһӡʧȻƬıԵ𽥵ͷųϵââʼӿں̫һ
ں֮󣬶ȫԹȵĿѹɸʱԪϢʼֱӿ㡣

ײȻǿµĹǿͷҪ´ԪԪ˿ûޱߵؿʼӣɲǣҶȷԼԪ󣬼޷ȫֻдԪϢɢ
ˡ
ԪҶϣδʽʹùҲֻóôԪ־ܲܿԶžͷ
ȼѹͻȻ俪ʼǺ£Ҳη壬һֻ뼤Ծ
ʱ˿̣ҶȡơѾȥ뱻࣬彩Ӳ鼸޷תһ¡
ǴҶϣͻȻϵâȻֱ壬ض˶ӡâҲʱѹס硣
ʮ˵Ҳʼ˶ֱۡ˫Ȳ˲һᣬ忪ʼָ
֮У˱һâھֹ֮Уâ⻷ϵ˸Ѿ֮ѹƵġ
Ϊλȵ
ӳƵüģѪ𺳵
ߴԶŸֶԶԿȴҶһѪܸӦһУʵ޷š
־ΪϢ
ţһϵӰĳռ䣬ֻǾΧشž֮
ɫһƵСģƬ磬еԶžͷ־

һâǰػû͸ŵϢĹƿȵǿ־
âӿֻ֣棬ȻһѪģ󣬿ҲԶŴսʱ־ս֮ģʱֵ״̬
Ԫŵ󣿡
ɫֻâ֮еѪɫȫ֪жٴĿĵ˺ۣͷҲȾ죬Ȼͷǿս⣬ҸΪĺÿһͷ޷İԵ
ͬʱѪɫ˫ۻĿҶΧâ֮ϣ̾Ϣֲÿ־Զѣˣʲôͷܵõ
˵꣬ѪɫĿǿƺҪҶϿ
ңһɿֲ־ֱҶȵԪҶȸ޷κηûá
ǾͷʵҶԪ裬κεˣκεĴܣأʱԶǿ־ǰһҲûС
Զǿ־ֱҶȵԪƺҪѰѵܣҶȲҧζ̫ˣȻ˳ؽԪ磬һ˳衣

ŭˣ
ҶĶŭˣ˭ҲԸ˳ԪǱýŲϣСԪԼȻʱ˼档
ˣ
ԪѾԶǿ־ƿصԪ֮УͻȻһĹʥ⡣
ţ
ѪɫԶͻȻ͵һ˫۱𺳣⡢⡭ܣⲻܣΰ֮ܣ֮񰡣ľ䰡ôһССڣ
Ԫʥⱬ֮񻺻֣ͬգңԶʣ񲻶׳󣬶ԪΧĹ־ʼʼ
˭ѹ
Ҷȼһд߶񣬴޴ķӡͬ˫ͫһȼյĹ档

Ҷȵ˫ͫǰâ֮еԶѪɫ
ѪɫȡŵĻֹȵȣˣֹֻ֮ͣ뿴ʲôΪ񣬴߶ˣϵսȾͻʧдʬ塢еѾΪа꣬ûбѹһԪӭһѣ
ᣡ
ҶҲʶԣæӡʼֻصԪ
֮ΰ־
ѪɫȻһ̣˫ϥ£ҶȿͷдʣǶҶΰĹ֮ޡ
ҶȡơڴӾ֮߳ҲټɵǰĹ֮УߴԶŸ֣ҶȻޣԼڰĴУµĴԪԶǿ߿⡣
ĿʲôãѪɫ
Ҷ̹Ȼش𣺡ֻǺ棬ˣ
Ѫɫ̾Ϣǲ֪һ־ѣȣԶطӡȥ⴦սǱͳһɱɱ˵ɱһҲȫûڱ֮ǰľ֮ͨ־ӡƬսһҵֵܣʬ嵽ʱƯǵձ绯ϣܵȵһ죬˷Щս꣬һһᣬ֮У
ǴһЩ
ҶȵЩǿܹܲô࡭һĿģս֮Уûǿ壿Ƿ
壿
ѪɫĿٴһ裬ƺҶⷬ⣬ͻȻ䣬ĿϣȻ˫ͫȻһĹͼڣȻ˫ͫҲ޷Ƶأһâͼڡ
Ҵ壬ȻҴˣ첻壡
ȻѪɫѾ֪ݣ̾УУǸӦս֮еϢɣ֮УһǿߣǱĸָӣǿߣûĴڣڼδս֮Уɱͷ벻һ죬ĺ
ҵȱ𣿡˫ȭһ߬һýġ
˶ʱ򣬱޵ʱںȱҺñһǵ걻ͷҵսһжữΪЩΪս꣬Ҳûϣ֮аᣬ־ѣͻ᳹ʧҪԼռڣҵ졯ʬ壡
˵꣬ҶȣΰĹ֮ҲѾ䡭絽׷ʲôִڣҲ䣿ˣӡ棬Ҳʺ֮ʱķӡΪȴ˵ҡҹ𣿿ϧûԽнʿʬ壬֮С
Ѿı䲿ֽƣǺ뿪
ҹ˵꣬ػӶұۣһâ˸ӰԼâȴ𽥵ʧ
ǻع졭Ϊ磬еѪ
ҹӰʧҲ𽥵ʧ
ҹ
һץҶȵУʱˣԼ⣬벻տʼǰԵҹԭһΪ磬ľ


2233 ѹǿа
ҹӴӰѾֲ˵С
ԶŴսжңҹǵʱľͷȴս֮С
ǽȥɣ
ѾȲԶսռ俴Ҷȡ֮ҶպҹµڴԪ֮Уʼѵǰȥ
ҹδıսڲһУֻǲ־˰ˣռһУõջҪԼҺдԪ
ʱҶҲúܾ㵣ҹȻȥĴڣΪֻܵȴԪԼڣ
һ֮ҶȾпܵĽͣǴԪĴڣҹڽ죬ûм֪Ǻԭ򣬴ΪԪǵһԵʣ˶ܼġ
絽׷˺£
Ȼ뵽ҹʧһ̣һ꣬ΰĹ֮޶ˣˣԪҲˣҹ֪Ԫ£֪ظӲ
ͬʱҶҲȻ·ҹ޷ϤΪΣ
ǿߣһǷߣһƺⴳǿߡ
ã˾ǰҹµĹĨɱʬ塣
ϸһһǷߣΪﵽ߽λԪʼһӿֲȻһĴڡ
۲һҡҡͷǰⷢȻϧֲҹ³һҲӦˣвǿߣѰϹսȡϹű
ϻһǿʧػѰңȴûҵ˵ǻͷҲ޷ӦĴڡҶܴǿҲ̫ϧˡ
ҶȣôԪѶĴȡ˭⵰
ǰȥ֮󣬰ŽʧһЩʥԼϤĵڰâĿռ䣬ǰ
ʥڰâԵһռ֤ǰϹս
žη֮ģСǰ
һ㣬ǰ磬Լţ֮ԼѪϢһɹɱɱЩϢռ棬Ҳ֮
̫ˣǵҹ˵ҪԼкΣյĶڣԶܴԼնħǱа񣬾а꣬Լа飡
磬ͷһԪʼ񡢻սаħ˱ȻǶ֡
Ƶϴ취Ȼҹˣ϶ҪĶǵÿЩа꣡
ʩչ龻֣ϴԪһ޵֮ͨдԪںϣΪԪϢؿԶԿЩǿа
ٺ٣ҲͷŸѪ
ҶȿʼӡҲͷͨһ龻ֿʼ֣ΧγһĽռʱ˽ԼͨϽС
Ѫ龻ֵĸ߶ȣѾ񣬴ﵽԪʼĸ߶ȡ
綣ҹͷŹȣӡôʹǿĴڣֻҪµķӡ߶κǿ޷Ӧ
ٺ٣ѾѪǶ׼Ƶʲõͷ
Ҷȿƻ龻Ľ磬ˣʼռ䡣
սռ䣬ֻȫǷ棬￴ȥ治֪ҹӡƬսжڰԼ߿գƯһаĺڰΣһʥ⣬籣ڰ߲֮¡
ڰշ֮УȻЩ֮˸ԽսڲܼһЩȷԶŴսһֱ˲ţ˶ʱִǲԶŴսɱС
ҶͻȻһ֮еĽâ֮ϲ̾ʶϢ
ŵͫ¶żĿ⣺Ҵӹż˽⵽һЩսﵽǷ켫ĵزʼͨ󵽴Ԫʼ񡢻ǵĹԼ֮ͨУ̺컯ԼǹܲȻͨ鱦鱦ǿĴڣֻڹսѰ˵ǽâ֮УѾγĽ鱦
鱦ǽıҸոƵĴнںϽ飬Ҳ飬ƷʾͲ񣬶Ҳͬն
˻ȻŹҶȼæԦ磬˻ؿǵâ
âǶڴ֮УƺҪѴػ𣬶սʵأȻ쳣̣ͨ½ͱâ
ݣ
˸ոտâʱͻȻâ֮Уͷųһɽ֮ŽһһаĽ·ӵʶһ㣬ðֻն˫ͫɳâڰձضҶˡ
ãа飬һֱɽâ֮еĽ飬Уǿ󣬲öԸ
ֻҪѹҾͿͨ߶龻֣ù֮Ϊ飡
ϴаģǵõڰ񴫳еĴڣҲа񰡣߶ڰлὫѹ
ôˣ
ųѣҶ뵽ڰ񣬿ԶţһֱܵƣǱʶûʹõ뷨
ȻǰаģҶȸպÿԴ߶ѹ
ƣýѪǰ飬ҲǸ߽λԪʼʵ
ҶƳһۣȻʼ߶ڰһɺڰâҶȵ˫֮ƵͷѪںϵâ֮󣬵âǿʮơ
ȥ
һڰâΪһӡʱץа顣
Ҫǣ
аȻӵʶʶȻﵽܾ˵ĳ̶ȣһڰӡץͻȻͷų۽âݵһڰӡ
¡
˫ǿǿֶʱںڰӡӡָҪץʱаԴݿ֮ƣȻڰӡ顣
ۡ
ͬʱҶһ𣬲ǰһ㣬ȻͬʱһѪ
үүģȻ˿ֲ
ŭˣûðɣʱӡüĿʼͷųһѪâ
Ҷ֪Ʒŭʲô鶼óæأһȣԪصһӵеصһĴڣǵаҲֻҪԪ֮УȻᱻѹҪðգҵĽ磬޷磬Ҫ߶Ѫֵ֤ܵסа֮
ҪСģԼЦҶȣǶһֿơ
ʣҶǰԼİΣ׽˳ơ
֣
Ҷȼæһͷɱ
ݣ
аоɱҶͷŵĹһ壬̿ն
䣡
аһҶȹ飬˳ƴҶȵš

һ߼䣬Ƶʯĳ˫ƣǿҵѪâҶȵڡ
ˣ
аѴ龻ֽ磬ȻҪҶ֮ʣһâͻȻγɷӡ֮ƣͻأ佫аס


2234 н
ɹˣ
ҶͷŵͻȻа飬ʱ䣬Ҷȡơ˶ΪӦǳɹаѹ
ס
¡
֪ɿʱа飬ͻȻǰһ̣Ҷâ̵þҪʼ飬˲Ϣ綼Ҫڽ֮¡
һ˫Ѫ⣬â֮С
䣡
һԵ磬ҲˣһͨģǿҲһӿâ֮С
ڰˣ
Ҷȶʱ߶ڰϴԪһâ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬а鿪ʼâ֮𶯣ĽںҶȡơͨâȻڲʼһܱըڲ飬ٴδ߶
ѹ
âռһͷŵ׹ľ޴Ӱˣںڰ֮ϣ˫ִһâ
ˡ
ֻаʹࡢ־ӳâԵڰ׵־鲻ϱѹ
֮ͨ˲Žѹа飬ʱ˿̣Ѿ۵â֮УаϰҶͷһ̫Ļ龻֣ѹа顣
²˳٣а飬Ƕᱦʱ̣Ҷȿˣǿȥâ֮УѰҽ飡
ಣ
͵Ȳˣâ֮ϣȥֻâ֮УȻʮν飬ڽâ֮˸ĿϹ⡣
飬Ľ飬Ϲžͷγɵ⽣顣
ٺ٣ĴүôܵõЩ飬¸үں֮󣬿ɲҪôүڣڨڨһЦһͬͷͨһ𽥽뽣â磬âǿ󣬾ȻѴĥ롣
벻òѹа飬Ҫȡ飬ô鷳עԼͨٴν뽣â磬Щ飬ʼơèèڽâܡ
飬ú£ҲĨʶֻҪаһ棬ȻҴнĽɣ
һУҶ߶̫⣬龻֮Уʼаа
̫Ǵ֮ԾڰаȻǿ󣬿ѹ֮£дԪûа취ԸⲻԸ⣬а𽥱
ͬʱҶͨھ׼ãнҲ̫ҵڷȼڼ䣬׼ںǿĽ顣
鱾ʶѾܳ죬ɳԶǿߵľɣʵ޷ﵽֲ
ҶȲϧ飬һнںϣǿ״ннǧͼһеС
֪ȥ
顭
ҶѾϵĽ飬֮С
ͨ弱æƽ飬¯߶ʼнһͬںϣа鱾Ѱ壬нõ壬
̫ѹˣүүģ
ֹʮ꣬һƣ󹦸ɼԦ龻γɵ磬صҶȵĴ֮С
ͷһâƯһϣﵽͽλԪʼ߶ȵĽ飬Ҷ۾ûգһ¡
˲麹ЩãֱӴԶǿߵ֮УԼﵽԪʼ߶ȣ
Ҷóƴﵽ񵤣˷£Щ飬ս԰ѽںԴ֮УΪԴһ߶ܴﵽԪʼˣҲԽý飬ͷԪʼ񹥻ʵ
ãҪͻƾŽλ񣡡֮һ
ںϽ񣬽ͨҶȻҪҪǸı龻ֽ磬ɷ򣬿ʼϹսռͨͨΪóơԼա
Щɶޱȴߵȵâ½Ȳϣϵսռ䣬˷ΪĴ
ı磬ͬʱڸͨںϵĽ磬ʼվֹսаģħϢֻϢ׷׵رںϣΪϱ˷ա
ᣡ
Ǻܳʱȥ
ҶͻȻӡȫԪʼӿн֮УҪԪ󣬴Ӱ˽λͻƾŽλ
֮ǰվаɹǧĳΪ͵˽λ۷壬ͻƾŽλʱˣҪһͻȥҪ̤
ʮȥҶ˫۱ȼյâ棬һڶʱ۵ĽâȻЩâΪӡҶȵƤѪ֮С
ھſԴ̤۷壬һ񰡣
ҶϳЦݣͻƳɹѾǰֻҪոǸֱٶȣԼͨͻöá
Ҳõ纣ֻҪӵ콣Ԫ򲻻˺纣Īаҽ̫ʱڶ˵Ҫǣʱ䣬ǧѷĻᣬΪ
ʵֱǿˣ̫ʱգ̫СˣԪʼ񡢻񲻶ϽӴΪǿߵľģδڣͬȼա
Ҳ磬̬ƽʱǰҪǿСżʵҪģʱ䣬ʵ
߳߳
ͻ֮Ҷӭ飬Ա߳һϢԭ磬ҲڳŽλ
ΧâԼģģӵԶŵǿϢ
Լ֮
ͻƣ
Ҷȡ綼ѳɹŽλ񣬶һĳƣҲͬʱʼͻƣһλλ
ϵĽ飬Ȼͻƣϧ绹΢޷̴ﵽںϡ
ڰȫʵŽλ񡭡
˿ʵҶĴнںϽĽչ
պʵǿƿаգ̫¯ڷ֮£н֮ϣƯţԼӵ֮Ծȼգ֮УѾںϴ
ˣ
Ҷȴ߶ԼἸξѪͷŻ龻֣ͬʱнԼ顣
ͣ
ξѪֱн֮һѰ񽣿ʼطҲܵԴнڣҶȵϢԼҶָһץ龻֮黯Ϊ108һ֮С
ںϰɣ
ĺнн֮һһֻÿһ֮ϣһۼĽƣԼҶȵϢ
нӵԼĽ꣬н꣡
Ҷӡ108Ӳ¯ɳ֮ͻȻн룬һ꣬ǽ̬
ʮ꣬ûκаϢҶȹˣ黹ҪнںϣĴ֮ͨ
ţʣ費ҪһԸҶȵ΢Цʵ
Ȼ࣬˾ѪںʱѾӵһִߵѪϢȻ٣ڴн֮УµĴͨ󷨣ںϣͷŴнѲһ׽ӵĽ󣡡
Ҫʲô͸˵úھаɣ
һҶԵúܸˣ뿪˾֮Уͨע


2235 嶯
꽣ѾӵгʶȴȲͯϣֱӤǿǧ򱶣Ӥ໹ǰ˾״̬ɳΪ꽣㣬Ҷȵߣֻ̤һո¸߶ȡ
ٺ٣ΧӦûвٽԼ飬ǿɲҪŹ
ǧ꣬ΪнʵҲǴڴﵽǿʢ״̬׼սǰи˵ıڵǡ
ҲΧڳЦǺͷѪ£Ԧ龻ֽ翪ʼѰ
뺣
ããκκӰӣֻտޱߵĴ

ͻͻ
֮УǾĺˮ磬ֲɭ֣ҲྦྷӨͨ͸ɺ
ĺͻȻһһӲӰ֮γ޴ޱߣɳʱɣǷצۣ·пƺΧкˮͨͨΪһ
ಣ
˲䱬һɫӰĵˣӰʧֻʥһۣ֮ϡ
ͷһЩ֮żȥ
һṦһӨĳǳسںɽ֮УǱڳǳ֮УȻԼ޴Ӱֱ硣
ǺʿеǾ޴еǱ뺣е࣬ƽദ类һá
֮ȣ
ʥ߶һơ
ˣ
˽û֮ͨС
һ
ΧκγǳأȻǺ磬ҲκκʿǺǿԼǰһɽ֮Уһɫ磬ͷŵ⡣
ʥֳ֮ͨͬʱɽ֮еĽ磬ɳʮӰЩÿһ󲻿ԣΪҲԪʼԪʼǿߣʵԿȻ
ͷһƱʥǿĴڣʥ֣ΪڸǱ޵棬в֮У峤ǳ㣬Ͻ
ʥ֮ʮʧڿС
˲ϢʥһɫĹ磬Ϣ̫ϣΧһɽȣÿһɽԱߵɽ̬оһ˯ľۼһ𣬲γʥء
ɽȣǰ޴ʯһĹϵĹϷһף˵һۣҪ¡
ʥ֮Ȼ˸𣬷򹬵
ǰֻΧмʿǵΪﵽ˻ϢȻԵޡ
࣬һﵽԪʼԴﵽʮԪãЩ
һʿʥ˫ͫһ裬̽ӹʥƣǡԪʥ
ʹߣǣʥӦ
Ԫ峤Ѿڵ㣬ȥɣǿʿӡ֮󣬹ǰĽʧ
ʥ򹬵̤빬ʱʮߣڹ࣬һߣͷ
峤
ʥǰߣʥ峤
Χߣͷ϶ׯϵǣɫͬǶ漸ߣǶںɫġ
Щƺǿʥǰ񣺡λǰ
СӻҪӰѾΪ̫ˣȡͻɣһԺߣ䲻ȵӦ
峤ˣ
Ȼ䣬ΧһЩ
һͬϷȻα౦ɫ뱦ǽɫҲ౦\ɫ
գۼ䣬ʲôûеı֮ϣͻȻˣÿһĽԼͷǣɫͬġ
ˣֱϢоͬһڣǻ͸ŵϢ
ݼλ峤ʮߣ׷
ԭ峤
룬һӲӻ۵ˣһƤǽɫģĿ⻺ʥϣԪʥϢѾ˶ԹԼʩչͨڤڤ֮УƵ꣬һЩϧĺ̫ƫƧջ޷
Ԫߣ߳ʥһͬλ峤ԪһںϹϺ鱦ţ޷
һۣɫͼڵˣߣԪƲԪţҲѪ徭ϹŴսÿһʿǶᾡȫסϧʱ޷ôԸƣ
ҲںǵˣޱȣѾȷʥصҪ鱨뾡Ӵ֮УرȻоܣɱ壬ʱΪʱ
·һߵ²غ壬Ҳغ壬Ϊβ֮ϣϣ
ࣿǺԼԼرЩ֮ûԶЩܵķ緶ҲŽᣬǰæֻܻһֽǾûн
£˾֪
˾һֱڴ֮Уǲ˼ң˾ͻһصĻͿԻصԶŻԻ͵۷壬ǿԼø岿䣬ɳһǿߣʱ̴׼Ǳ壡
ǣ
ɭɭ֮ϹŶ뿪ʥ뿪ʱȴ
ʥҲɻΪûʸ񣬼峤ְ£æ֪λ峤к·Ը
ϵʩչ󷨣ããˮȥƫƧңԶˮΪлʱӦһӵˣʶˣΪǴϣҲоںϵϢ
ˣŶˣ
ʥһȻԺðһˣǾҶȣˮһһǰ
š
󣬶˼֮С
δڣʥֵ֪Ҷк֮ҲϣоһиУӵԵʰɣ
ȥǻΪϴ裬̤񣡡һ֣һɺڷʥ
ɫ֮ϵһ̾λѵ˾ǵȴˣǸΪҶȵࣿ
ʮа˾ţƽ׵
ǸӦϢʱȻǵ֮һĴϣô򵥣ǵٻ˾
˵
ӡȻΪһ⣬빬֮е֮ͨС
Ź˰졣
һ˻Ƶ֮ش֮ͨдΪҶȵ࣬ȷһֱȴ֮ˣһˣΪ˾ڵȴȱԤԣˣϸ֮·ͬҲǱ֮ˣ
Ҫ
Ҳ֪ȱԤˣҲ΢΢͸¶һЩڴ΢仯лкܶܣ޷ǵģ֮塢Լ塢壬ˣŽϵǸرӺжرҪҲ𵽴ãȻһ˴ɣ
ǣ
֮Ưͨʧ
̧ͷɲǣһĴ㵱顣


2236 
磬ĳһߵʱա
һŹ⣬γɵĹʱ֮С
̫Сٳɳɣ
Źʱգһ¶ıӰһʱ֪Ѱʲôڵȴʲô
ţʧǹϹ
̫ʱգ
СͷȻ֮С
΢΢һʣĪаһɱֶ̫ʱգ̤һʹһ֣̫ʱգͳΪһֻϣȻȷ΢
磬޷Ĵڡ
ʱ֮
Īаδһ£ֻ˫ɱͫʱʱ˸һɱ
ɽǾްԣһԪһҶȡ
ü֮ϣһʵ޷ɽһ⣬֣֮Ϊ񣡡
ĪаԪʼΪӶ½һ̤ǽﵽôֲĸ߶ȡ
пܣҶȻᱻԪɱȻԪõ콣ҲѰұȡ콣ԾӦϹŶﵽԪһ£˭ӵޱߴˣõ
һ˼֮ĪаȻ̫ʱյ뷨Լ׷ɱҶȵͷź䳹ǵƣһ硣
սߣ
ˮǱӡĹս硣

龻γɵĽ֮УҶȡơ˺Ԧ;Ӷսȥ
ǧȥ˵õ鱦֮󣬼Ҫͻһ硣
þ˵һƬѪӡ
ɹһƬƬ棬ͻȻһƬѪ֮⣬ǰͷų
˼ӿٶȣʱѪ֮⣬˶ΪѪ֮⣬Ǵӷ֮һƬѪͷųġ
ѪʮѪѪѪ˲ӦȷǲˮѪ
ϿѪӣֻѪڵķ棬ȻŹϢѪˣһվѪУ·Ϊ˵Զķ绯ȥ
̰ض·ƬѪӣֵϴѪӵѪˮɶǴѪ
ȴȷǺöһ֣ҲıƬʱǵЩΪĹˣ
ѪȥѪӰҲǰԶ˾벻Զǿ֮໥ǧ
˽һѪģǽµѪӣϵѪɣսʵ̫пˣսѪ˼ټ
ٿˣɫս׵ĵǿߣΪԪʼһǻˣľͷһԪʼȻԷֱǵݣȴ໥ͷŶԷ
ڵͷϣ˿֮Уӿʥ⣬ͷһ˺֮УҲʴⲻΪʱԶԷʴǰ򵥣ڴս֮Уһδɱɱ롢ɶԷ
һĻ˶ˣﵽɱ״̬ɼʱսжпᣬϧ˶Ȼսģֹǡ
˿ڣǵϣ˺֮УԼаϢȻѪ֮УҲмķǾȻѪǰ˵Ѫ
һѿʼаħɡ
ѪԼʹõԪ棬ջữΪ
̫¯
ǿߣҶȲ뵽ҹԸҪЩ˴죿̫ˣûлκƬս
˫һᣬһ̫¯ʼγɣѪӵѪˮ˵ĲⶼԪʼ񡢻ľѪ֮ˣȻɱ䣬˵Ҳͻ񾳽硣
һ֮ϾѪֱӿҶȡơ磬ǿĻᣬա
ûҶҲѾˡū׷׻һͬѵõѪ
ء
Ҷͷ޻ȸԾطѪ֮УȻѪ֮пʼȥɵѪа̰ѪҪ֪ЩѪѾа֣Ҷ˶Ҫ̫̬ˣֱա
Ϣܡ
ѪӸս
Ѫڵķսֻսһ䣬ʱһƬѪȾķУǧʬ壬ţվѪɫ֮УдľͷԼ
ͷһһ
һȻҲѪģ඼ʧȥֱۡͷ­ֻʣһѪ⣬ǵ֮ϣԼս֮ϣͷŵͬĹŹϢ
˿̣ս룬һŲʬ壬һ󣬼Ҳгǰߴ
ѾܾˣˣҲ͸һƣЩ䡣
ü֮УȻһа˸Ҵ˻ƲԲǹ֮𣿲ǣǣΪ֮ЧҶ֮꣬ǿ󣬾ֻһǰ㣬ѵ֮ҲˣԳˣʱӪ֮еһЩ߲㣬˵ǹܻ֮սʧ𣿡
ôˣΪ˹֮ս䣬ҲΪԼ룬ڱôͨһʶҲսа꣬ʶ׳ӵй֮Ļ̫࣬ˣ⣬ڲϿ
µ˷ܣѾΪȥҪҪҪȡ֮Ȼ֮ˣô绹߾ͷ˭赲
ȥУҪͷ̫ϢǸӦѰţɡ
ǿߵüģȻʼôһ̫ʮƵĹϢ
ȥ
ˡ
龻ֽ֮УҶȡơ˶ѪǵΪԶﵽ۷壬ˡūҲͻơ
ȻҶȵԪ΢΢һ
Ȼһ龻֣Ժ֮ػصӶӿҫ۵̫⣬еĹʥϡ
ܣս֮Уô̫⣿
Ҷ˫ؿս֪жңԶȻӦһ΢̫Ϣѵսµ
ơҲֹͣУ˼һᣬҶȵΰޣǲľͷ޵Ź֮Ǹʱһ֧ս޲ʤĹţŷΰ޵ǿߣɵľţս֮УӵԹŵ󣡡
һǿԵõŵʱ˿̣ҶȲҹ˵ǷﲻǿߣԹǿߡ
ȳȥͻ񣡡
Ҷͷóҹµ߶һ龻ֽ֮󣬶ƶһķȥ
ҲҪͻλ񡭡
һЦȻһտˡūһѪǿ̶ȣѾԶԶҶ硣
ʮ֮ΪҹָϣҶ粻սռѹȣܿɳսɳˮսߵĸ߿֮ϡ
ǧȥ׷ɱ˵аꡢа鶼ˣΧ߿ʱҲûга꣬ͻƵĺûᡣ
ʮԿʼ
ܿ죬ҶȡƳ˽սϿգڻϢ֮Уӿһɿµɷ


2237 ޵ľ˱仯
žŹ桭
ϵӿ֣ڵƬգѾԸ֮ܵϣӿֶ١
ȫԪнڲſԴŲϽӡſԴ̵ķӡԼ󷨣ʼɢһ룬͸ųơ
ʧ֮󣬾ſԴʧȥƣҶ˫һ֣ÿһԴը׷飬ĸʱƣҶڲϲ
һըſԴʧҶȽӡ֮󣬿ʼںϣγԴ״̬
ֲϽӡӡһһں֮УȫУȥҶȲŽӡͬʱȫɹһոµԴһ̣ҶȸоԼʶ·ΪصĺҲȻںһ塣
񣬲Ҳﵽںϵһո¸߶ȣΪںϣſԽصʩչĴͨõϿɣſʩչӰ
ԽߣԽԿظߵ
緲ʱֻ޷޷Ӧ֮еԪǿʿԸӦǾ粻ͬľ˲ࡣ
֮ӵΪﵽߵĸ߶ȣܴࡢոµں֮󣬱Խͨںϣʩչ
Դٴһ̣ҶȸȻ֮УʱۺٱϵϵˮϵȵȵȻˡ
ͣ
ݲôϢ񷾹Ȼ˹٣Ҷȿʼɸͬʱ׼Ϊȡ
ڵĸ߿գѾԵһ٣׾ͽٴ飬ͻٶȱҶȻҪˡ
һ׼Ѿγɾ޴٣ںںڵһƬʹϢսߣһӰ
߳߳
һӦ£γһŤ׹Уӽ֮ͬ£ҪҶȻ
˲߶ʥصͨһֻӡ׹кһ̣һֻӡ¡һ׹ץ˲顣
һԴн
Ȼٺܿ£ϴγƶɽһ㣬Ҷֻ׳־˲䣬һΣƯҶȵΧ
108໥صͷɫ⣬н׼߶ٶԿ
н񷨱߶ȣ˲࣬Գнһ棬׽֣޷߶ߵֻͨԼĹٽ֡
ͻͻ
ٲ绹ףԼٻ𣬲ͣս߿ռ䶼˺ˡ
нƾ
磬Ҷͫǵ۹⣬ֻ108нȻ·Ϊһ޽Ӱֱա
ݣ
ӰѸײڶ֮֮ϣ˲Ϣдиգۼ䣬Ӱи磬ͬһΪһƬƬз磬ڴн£ʧ
Ȼҵ󣬻ǵͽλﵽ߽λ񣬻ӾˣʱҪһģڴнԼǧͼϣ
нҶȺ⣬ԵͽλƷʣԿ٣Ѿ֤ĳƷʣҲ޴ġֲ֮ϵ
ûо޷Ϊ֮ҶȲľ
Ҷȼ߶нѵĵߵ٣顣
ˣĺܾˣԶԸڰ˵٣
ڰ˵λĽλĿǰƷʣܶԿȷҲҪܴĴۣɣ
˫һнȻҶȵ˫ͫգ۾ͲӰ

˵ʱʱ죬ڰ˵Ѿ£ǰ˵ٻ𣬽ٻ𼸺սƬնӳó졣
̫ˣٻѿռκٻһЩСʯ¹ճɻҽҪ֪ЩʯϹĸߵʣôӲȴ޷ֵٻ
Ҷʹ߶ͨ϶Կ٣Χٵһ֡
𣡡
һӡҶ˫ƣϵ˹ɽٻ
䣬߿նʱһըȼ˹ɽٻȻöԸҶǿʵܰѽٻץ飬ٻȻںϣҶȿɲͣ¹һδεزϴ߶ӡ
Լʮ֮ҶĵԼ㣬ϰٵӡڰѰ˹ɽٻĵϨ
ͬʱһƿʼĺȻ䣬Ź֮ΪĽٹ⣬ȻͬޱߵĹУֱӴӸ߿ո
ŹɹдŸϢռһʡھŹɹ£̻Ϊôǿ
򣡡
ȻѾﵽ߽λҶǿʵûжٲ࣬˴߶֮⣬ﵽҶȵ۷塣
ҶҲ߶ͨ
һʱ䣬Ĵ˫㣬ϵشҶΧγûʶûоٵκ뷨ֱһƬһƬаĴ򣬲ϵӭŵС
ͻͻͻ
ڰײһ߿ֱ飬ٴϯսߣʹڻļ֮еĴءˮӭĻ
ضײ֮бըâҶȶЩ޷Ӧ麹߿գǱ˺ķѵҶֻ̾Ϣ̫ˣ
ҶȲϴ߶ţ˫Ҳӿ֣Կʱ֮Ҷ˿о˫۶û˸о̧ͷһѾɢȥһеԪӸ߿
ѾʧûԪ
ˣ
ԪҶȸоȫ͸ˣû˿泩ӯ״̬֮У봦ڳ˯״̬ࡣ
ƣʱӭ˸ҶԼ񵤡ԼսռĹѪҶ𽥻ָ
֮ԪʧҶҲӭ飬һյ磬ڴ֮Уͻ֮òҲ仯ͷгǰߣҲһӢģԵʮߡ֮䡣
û뵽ò㾪˱仯ҶȺһϰߣż顣
ȥҶڿʼ顣
ˡ
ͻȻһЩаΧճˡ
Ҷ缱æһּаꡢаȻΧ˹ҶԪʼ񡢻Ĵڡ
ⲻҪ𣿶˲ͻʵ̫ˣаȴץסʱɱҶ붼û룬߶ǧͼ֮æˮ·ȥ
ݡ
һаĽޱȵǿٶ֮죬Ȼ˴ǧͼĴٶȡ
ã
Ҷȡ綸Ȼһ󾪣Ҷȼæ߶ԪȻһ԰Ƕնɱ
ء
֮䣬ϤͻȻ
䡣
һСӰа˳ݺײڽ֮ϣֱӰѽײϣһа񽣻꣬æߡ
̫ˡ
Ҷʱ˿񫣬˸ոո˼£ȴһ𺳣ΪǰޣȻһˡ
ΪΣ
ʱǰǰСĺ󱳾ȻһԳƤһĳ屣ֲĳȣδ̫ͻ
ģƵģһԳޣӸղֵٶǰ˸࣬ﵽҶȡѾ޷ĳ̶ȣǰڿռ֮ܣڵأ


2238 ʬ
ء
оԼ´󹦣޳һȣ˲ֻصҶȼͷ£СԴҶȵĲӡ
ҶȺһŻعϸϸһޣһԳ⣬Ƥϵĺɫͼڱǰ࣬Ҹԣ·һķţģϧҶ綼ʶ
뿪˵
аꡢаΧɱҶȴ߶ǧͼͨһˮ棬ЩаȻŹˣɱˮ¡
ٶԽԽ죬ԼһṦٴ磬߶ӵҹԦ龻֣Ȼֽ硣
սƻϣ˳̤λ񣬼ղѾڿʼ׼Ľλ˶ʵǰǿ㲻Ѫ߶ǧͼٶȣĪаѾ׷ϡ
һ¯֮˶ҪУҶ磬ͻ񣬻ոڿ״̬£ո飬⵽аꡢа鹥صÿԾС
򵥶Ԧռ䣬һսѰˡūΪϴӵͽλͦ
ʱҶȻһҪҪǰѲΪȣһͿӦǰľͨʮʿ֮УȵĿռ䣬ԶԶһһˡ
ռƣ޷ɣûгȻȲһʿƿأʿʱʱ֮̿̿УȻе࣬С
ȽϸӰˣҪʱںȻ
֮УΧѪӣһѪˣҪǱʳ˵ûն٣ʣһѪ㹻Ҷȡɣʵﵽһλ״̬
֪ȥ
𽥴ﵽһλ״̬Ҷֽ֮Уʼиͨͨһֱ񵤡
й֮УҶҲʼ仯
׳ﵽʮ֮࣬һ̶ҳӤȻҲ仯ģѾﵽʮ꣬ǸСкҶƿؽ𵤡
ҶִһɴγɵӰûжٱ仯عӰʱҶȱһᣬعҶȵе;У·ͬһҫ۵ĻȻֻɲǣµȴԶ޷Ĩĺۼ
Ҳ֪ʥΣ̫ңԶκơ޷ݣǻܣ
ãҶȲŻعüӿٶУﵽԪʼΪٶȣȥ
вϳȥһ飬ȫѾﵽ߶ȣڵΪʵѾﵽ߽λ񣬴߶ǧͼٶȿԴﵽԪʼһ̶ȡ
ӾǼȥ
һҶȴﵽ״̬Ҳϸϻڼֵõٵıһ󣬼ǰս
оսǰĿĵģ֪ҪȥηӲ֪ǰʲôΣա
ˡ
һƬƾ޿ӰĹսͻȻ䣬Ϥааǰӿ֣ѰĿꡣ

аа꣬״̬ɱ¾Ŀ⣬ɱ
Сģ
޷ˣаʵǿٶֿ죬ҶȶԶ˵סǣȻû龻֣Ǿ
νһһԪʼ񶼼ɵа꣬ҶһȴպҪƣΪҶӵйǿĴԪ
ƣ
߶ͨһƬȼջƣϯаꡣ
꣡
ٶ֮죬аδ㣬Ϊаʹ˻ᱻȼմ벻ƹаͷаâƷռа
ɱ
һɶ˫һᣬմһӡָӡƻץаꡣ

а̫ˣӡײһ˲ӡ顣
ƴһ϶ͷһɹħͨҪѹа꣬ͻͻͻشӰ¡
龻֡
ҶʩչԼƣ߱ںϴǧͼϢа󷽣Ȼһ̫⡣
ˣ
ơ繥Ϊ۷аעҶȼԦռǳ뻯̫ϲǹа꣬δӦʱһǧ׾޴Ļ龻֣аС
ٿٿٿ
龻ֿʼת̫а꣬аײɱ̫⣬ʱϷٲһƬâٴ赲аꡣ
̫ˣʩչȣ
֮Ȼ޷аѹüһߣͬʱͷųǿ֮

ͬɫͬϢĹȹΣ龻֮С
ء
ажܵƣڻ龻֮УӤ㾪㤵Ŀаƺߣ̫⼸γɹаʵаϢ龻־
ԶʶǵԪֻ֮࣡ѹа꣬Ҳ۵ùǺ֮Ҷȴһӡа꣬硣
ʣһҶֱӽūա
ǰƺһƬȼյϹ𡭡
ûϢǰȥԽһɽͻȻǰƯһĹϻ档
һЩ֮˺ٴעǰȻһƬȼеĹ֮УԼԶӰ
ƿƬͻȻ˱֮Уͷųİ߰߳һȼյ֮УȻĳʯȻԪͬıԴϢ
ϵԴʯ
ܽԪʼҡҡͷõЩԴʯǸ߼Դʯ
ԶԶˣֻ·һ
ĸͷѾ򣺡ٺ٣ˣϴǻΪߵˣ
֮Ҳ޷磬ðգɣͷͨ
ҶǲŹЩģҪԴ룬߶ӤһֻҲϿ
ȣ
Ӵɲǣ㱻ɣҶȲϽӡ֮󣬻׷𽥽סȼգ˳ռ䣬ûʼץסһ龪˵ĻϵԴʯ
Լһʱܼ֮ʯҶȡߣʣµĿҪռܵõ˵ͷʱ磬ս
ԽռûжԶٴθɫ
Ϊǰս֮УȻԶ󣬷ֲսͷ绯Ϊһ壬ѪԼɱȻΧ
ЩϴǾ˵˺ۣеվţе£ҲԼδõѪ⣬ЩѪ⣬ԼеϾȻͬа񰵹⣬ǿҵл͸һа

˻δпֲˡ
ֻս룬ͻȻ⿪ʼգ۾ͻؾۼһ飬ȻΪһ
͸ĵɶ·ܿʹùײĿ⣬ˡ
ʬ䣿
˿ף֪ﲻöԸұϣӲϲߣΪսǿܹ֮УЩ´ڣֻѹΨһѡ
˿̣ͻȻָʬ壬Ȼʮʬ壬ðȼյĵڰ棬Źɱ


2239 
ͻȻɱôʬëֱԸһﻹǿôʬ
ͻȻǸ첻µزµģϴ󣬰֮ǰõһںϾͿʩչǻٺ٣
úãЩʬԼʵѾﵽԪʼ֮䣬ǸԸˣ
Ҷȡʱһϲһۡ
ǰһ񴸣ڽɫȻķԵ
ȻǵȴܲΪȻûиӵԼӡһ˲ͷŸͨҲһôǾʱԴ߶
ڽѾûﵽʮɾ޴󣬳аİڼͷϴҪͷŵ
ˣ
һɹɵӿڽ񴸡

ڽ񴸵õںϣ·һ㣬Ͼս磬ʿܵƣ޷ڽ˯ô꣬ڵȴع
ȻһҲҪ
үүģ
ƵͻȻøߴҶȴ߶龻ֽӿٶʱ쳤Х֮ɱĵʬͻڽ񴸡
䣡
ʬֻʬ䣬а껹ʬֻϢȤˣڽʱһܵ˼ҲûУڻ£һȥһʬƳ
ȻЩʬȻûӲȣҲȴﵽĸ߶ȣǵֲڽ񴸡
ҶȡУƱøӿɿˣδ֪£ܻǴ벻ľϲ
趯ڽ񴸣һֱǰɱȥֱײʮʬ׷׶ΪҶ޷׷ײҪŹȻףСĴ֮Уգ۹ʧˣȻһʮöԵʬĴ䣬سҶС
ЩʿӵеĴ䣬ȻӵдҶ֮ͻȻɫһǰʣҲаƣսͣٶȾ˵ؿʼ˸ƾĹҲ޷й
ҪԣûʶʬֲˣӵʶͳΪ˼άĹ
ޱ֣
Ҷʥصľͨͨϣͷױȵľһֻش֣ҶȶԿռƿأϢץһδλй
ϧҶΪ̫ͣһλѾǳ˲ãֵطѾǾߣԵĹӵԪʼȻ˲һ֡
ٿٿ
һâҶȹһҲ˲ʵѾаٱ룬ˡ
̫⣬֮
ЧȻǹûãʵ̫Թ˵ʹҶȱ취ùٶƲл߶ڽ񴸣ԸȥһջľȻΪʳаĶ
ޱȻȻޱ֮УںԹ֮ʥ
ͣ
һޱйʱͻ䣬ޱֻйֻᷢըڱը֮һɹ޵Ȼѹƹϵа
˵̫ãҲʩչͨҶȲÿռͨͷ̫γɴһƬƿռ䡣
ˣ
ֻԵú˷ܣüһ㣬һѪ֮⿪ʼҫʼѪ߶ڽ񴸡

ƴײƵ״̬£ڹϣһùϵ⣬䡣
ץסᣬڽѪʵȫҲﵽ߽λԪʼڽ񴸣պÿԶԸɱҲܵش
գۼ䣬񴸹͵ĻйɣЩɶϹѪ⡣
龻֣
ŹСʵҲҶ֪ˣ߶龻֣ͷŰ̫⣬ֱڹܵ񴸹£ϯϣѹѹڻ龻֮С
үүģİô¸Ҫˣʱס˲𣬶Źڽ񴸡
һ޾ȻڿУ⣬һһ飬ܰ˿ֲĹȥ̫ˣҲڹսֱ޳ɳҡ
꣬԰Ϣˡ
Źﲻϱѹа֮ʧʬ֮УȻһͳ̾Ϣ
˹Ҷһƻ龻֣Ͼ˲麹̾ҺЩа꣬ûаɣǸ޷ԸʵֻǴﵽԪʼܸߵĸ߶ȣǻԶԸ
ǺֲܿģЩҲֻӵи߽λԪʼҲΪ֮һ̾
ɣЩѪ⣬պÿǲ벻Ч
һ󾻻֮󣬹аʧҲΪ⣬ûκεаҶȻ֮䣬ʮѪշ
ץһ֣µķ׷׽Ҷġ
ɿص龻ֽ֮УǰսҲӦа꣬ʼԦǰҲʼԶѪ⣬ܿɫͻָҲǿ
ˡ
֮˼Ѫ⣬ȻԦ粻ǰͻȻ͵ۣؿǰǡǡϢ
ҹ˵ǰ
ͣУơҶңһͬǰҲڰο磬ʱбȻʹš
õ˰οܵƣ翪ʼϢڵʱշȥʮһƬΪƽصĹͺͺսӳ
ǺεȵܰѴػﵽ״̬
ҲܾˣѾ߼ʣڷǼ̵ĹʯһЩƬɢ棬¹ȥЩƬͷų߰߹

ŵǰһͫǰ޵Ӱ
Ӱվ˿֮󣬲żһ۵ĵߣͷϻһȨͷڣϧѾѣǰ󣬾ȻһŮӣһֻжʮŮӡ
λŮȻ󣬶ͫʪ󣬿Կ϶λŮӾȱ졣
˶벻һλŮӡ
ϿھҲţòһۣдѩ׻䣬ɢµİ׹⣬㷢ɢȻ˺ۣǲĿġ
ƺ˺ۣ˺ܿעüģüһϸ߰˿ڣˣˣñӵò죬һݹ·԰
ԼݵΨֻͷâζ׹
̲סִζ׹һӵĵľڡ
˵꣬黬ӡ
ȥĪٱˡҶȰο
ǿЦЦ˻Ƶ屾ϹſʼܵǿߵĿӣ뾡취׽ɱͬҶôϣͬҴ
Ƕ֪δ壬磬ػΪĴҲæο


2240 ݣת̫ʥ
࡭࣡
Ҷȡưο֮ʣͻȻ䣬ǺһëȻ
תֻǰԵߣȻѾ䣬նɱȻš
ʮ˲ϵͳ죬ôܾս
ߵʡŭаƺսʬȻ֮塣
ɱ
˵һͷ˿־壬Ǿǳŵа꣬δ뿪㽫׺ɱ
ɲǼ䣬Ԫâʱɱ
ٿ
һߵͷһɺڰӰԪâӰһɢ
аӰҪϵͳ죬ȥᣬֻϣΪ¯ɣ
¾֮𲻻ģ
ߵа̫꣬ǿˣѾﵽ񣬻ͨʮ˲Ȼǻ֮еߡ
޲֮ʣ֪󷽵죬ͻȻһʥޱȵĺ
棡
缤졣
ͷҲͷųһ΢΢аӰ¾֮ѾԶŴս䣬븴𣿱𲻿ɱ󣬴죡
һɹϵâӰ֮ϯԪĿ
죬죬ˣ
ϷӰϧ޷ȫ룬ǵâУȻըаϢ˲仯Ϊޡ
һаǴǵӰɴаϢظ磺ĺˣڵȵ㵽ˣ
棡ͨһ¡
ȻҶҲһ£һΪͷֻ𾴡
аʶӰ̾Ϣˣһ̣һʶ뱾ΪӡһϢӡԶգǾģսż֮Уܳˣ
֮ԱʶҪϵԤԣ˵ĺ֮Уһ޽еľӵߣһȣҲصһӵߣһģһľģλΪǰ㲻˼ĴڣȻҪʹ㣬Ѱλ
ǰǾĵӵߣƼæ廰
Ŷ
һƺû뵽ԤԻǰͷŸӦǰµˡ
ӰͻȻûɱģǵգ˫˸âϣԤ֮ӰԱߵˣȻҲӵϢϾȻΰ޵ĹϢѵΰĹ֮Ҳħˣ·ڣбϤϢҲ򵥣
һʶܿ˵ܣҪ֪ʥԼ˴ͷԽ鴨ֻ񣬶޷˵ܣ죬˲ϢܸӦס
˵ǳԽ˴ͷĴڡ
ʱ䲻ˣȻԤ֮ӣͰѹԢԴиżᵽļԪᵮһλӵоĵĺˣҪ׼ģΪǹغ֮ˣ߶ĵط˲ƿأҪطҵλˣǻҲҪҵˣ˱ֱӵһϵģطǵȻںľ֮УΪǰڣ֮͵ˣžţԶ󡮾ת̫ʥ𡯣
żԣת̫ʥƺȣͨУ˵֮Ǵɴķţڴ108֮Уӵһ񼣣Ǿ㡮ת̫ʥ𡯵񼣣֮£ЩӶ壬ȡĵǿΪľǵõ񼣣ԶóѣΪֻ㣬ں񼣣
ҲǱʹôǿߣ֪ԤԣΪջñΪԤ֮ӵ·ˣ
һ֮󣬾̾ҡҡͷͻȻְĿҶϣ֮޿֮ˣǲĴڣȲԶŴ𣿡
ӦáҶһ֪λش𣬴ֲ̫ˡ
΢΢һѹ˻ᵱ䡣
ôܣ֮ʱ䣬Ҫ΢΢ȵʱ˵ЩԶŴ񣬿ǱеΪλ䣿һȡ
ĿȻһֱھ̾ҲһֱעҶȵϢƺʲô˫֮ͫ͸һɱ⣺ôһɱϤĵϢҺŨңĹѪ֮УѵõĴУ
缱æͣ´Ҷͷɱ⣺棬ҶͬʱõڰеĴڣ
ܣ
նҡҡͷԹͲںϣĴܶⷽУûһ˳ɹ㣬һˣһôܳЩԶŴܣĵϢˣ
ˡ
ԣˣȻǡȻǵϵߣڰϢֲϤ걾֮£ڵ޵еģôܣӵй֮ڰ
첻ͣţ޷ţҶ˷ӦʱӰͻȻ
ʱĲˣܸЩааɣһ𣬻֮ǰҵҶ࿴һۣĽǾת̫ʥ𣬿ǼԦ񼣵ĴڣסطڱҪѰİλ֮һΪӵһģɣҵˣ
ʧ֮ʣĿһֱϣɲǼӡʬǰͻȻһӵϢâ
ˣ
޷ӦϢâʱķ
ڰ磿аⳡսûɵģΨһɾνġ塯δͿǵˣ𲻻ΪаģΪ岻ˣ
˵꣬Ӱʼӿ

ȥ
޷죬ͬʱҲơҶסʵأҲ޷졣
סǾת̫ʥǹ־ϿɵĴڡ
ӰջΪڳʧһ̣˻Ƶٴδʧһжʧˡ
Ʋ̾ԭЩаꡢа飬ǲԸȥаЭųΪа꣬ǰӢ˰ǣʶ䣬Խе󣡡
Ҷο磬ǰţӦüסĻԼΪת̫ʥҵʣµλˣ
ʵҪĺܼ򵥣ˣһ𡭡
¶µ磬ʱŵĿӶ˵ҵĸĸȥҵ˱׷ɱ𣬼ֻҪһжָǿһˣ
û£ȥͺã
Ҷͬʱ籧ס鶼̫ˣʵһҲҶԼƣҶȺγһ𣬾ƣҲ
ʵףҸҪʵΪҪʵȥӪģǹǿǰ
ˡ
ͻȻϵâԭֻζ׹תһֻ̣ζ׹ͻȻںϣΪӵصâʱüġ


2241 ŵս

ţһƲɵƣϱȻѳơҶɣѪ
һжû˿ϵҲ治ѣȫһȼâУƺƯһӰ
ƺ졣
ǴǰĴ̫ǿˣƾˡ
߶龻ֽ磬ҶȺòͣڰվһǰҲҿ硣
ٺ٣ҲãдĴУƺҪΪǺ˲ĵľת̫ʥ𣡡ЦݣȻһͫ¶Ŷϵף
ת̫ʥ𣿡
ʱѪӳüľŪóҶԼԼһ
ʵѪ棬֪ת̫ʥ𣿡
ˣʵʶ㵱ʶת̫ʥ𣡡
ҵꣿ
ǰ⻹żȻᵽģΪҲԶŴת̫ʥ𡢹֮ͬʱڵĴڣǶԶǿľͷû֮һֻҪ˴ﵽں̣ļͻѣ
ǰȻǲţƶУ
ŤŤӣ˼ţ
Ҷȿǰ磬֮УΪһ͸״̬һǿ󷨱֮󣬶˾Դ֮羹ȻپͿʼͻơ
Ҳʼаɣ
ҶͷŸԶʼС
еı֮ǰõԶѪ⣬ÿ˶ʮ飬˵ȫһҲ̺ھľ
ЩѪⶼԪʼ񡢻Ѫ⣬ȻȥҲǲСӡ
һѪ֮Ʋָкܶɱ䣬ſʼɵڶѪ⡣
ָʱ䣬ҴҶ
ͻͻ
ҶȼͬʱӡڱıըȻʼڣʼͻƸԵľ硣
˽ӡٶȺܿ죬ѵʱֱܳʧ»ʱ˳ͻƸԾ磬ƴλ̤ĽλҶһλ̤λʵǿ
֮УǷ֮
ȥҲȴںϽռѰҹ֮Լ
һȣһǧꡣ
λ񡭡
һƲҶȡƼæתȥֻ˫ۣĹ󷨣Ҳ˫ͫΪȻֱӴһλλ񣬲ǧʱ䣬õУ˽ٶȡ
Ϊ˳ƣʵȻҲһӳΪ֮УǿĴڡ
һЩľѧδںϣԺںϣ
Ԧ磬ҶȡƵռ棬˵˵Լ˽һᣬ;ǰ
ֵҶȸӦ̫Ϣ
ǰҶȸӦ΢ĹϢкܳһξ롣
ŨҵѪϢ
ԽһƬƸԭķ棬ɫһͻȻǰȻ־޴սս֮ϣмǧ󣬶һ£վţƯڰգǽµķȻѪȾ졣
ʬѾ绯ˣеĿʼãһЩԪʼǻĴڣǻǵڷϣֻǾƯһЩߣ￴ȥǰսһԶŴսĻ
вʬ壡
־淢֣ʬ壬ȻҲֲս֮Уе޺а񣬳ǵе
ʬֲս֮УԶŴս̫пᡣ
侲һᣬͬѰΪδӦаϢ⴦սûʲôΣա
Ȼа˻СŽ籣ս
սǰẠ̊́Щ඼־塢ɱ¾ǵϴѪۣеıһеĵһе໥ѶԷͷ߸߾
ЩޣҲ໥˺ҧ״ֱ̬һҲŹ֡
ˡ
˾Ϳս룬Ȼʼᱦʱ˭֪һɷ·ѡƬս𶯶
ܴаɣ
ͻ䣬ŵı˼ƻ֮ǰͲýᱦҶ߶磬ǰȥ
໡
ɱɱɱ
ɱǸϳ磡
Ҫ磬ƬֻһףǾǵ
սͻȻһе޷׷ðһɹаӰǧֳӪޣ趯Էչɱ
䣡
ЩаƵĲ꣬·Զսսһֻ̣аѶԷնɱһѪܵġսٴҶȡơǰݡ
ԭЩаǱģֻҪǾУ
һζǰɱûҶˣҶһӿеæ߶ߣԼС޳һӿռܣðаע
ǱܵĹڱܣַɱƬսڻս֮УκڵĽ磬ܰѽ
ǵóȥȥ˭֪Ž
ҶȹԴУóơ綼߶ԼǿȻʩչԼС̫ڵʱǰֹҶȾʹ߶Сܣһ˻
֮ǰսߣʵѾڻ˵Ǳֻ˵ԶŻ̫Сˡ
սսΣգСǾͨһδնܻ⣬𽥵뿪ս롣
ǧ꣬ǧ꣬˲ų뿪ս뿪֮󣬼æ߶ȫʵԦԶֲս
ϢԽԽˣ
֮ҶԽӦϢǰʱմڲԶǰȲ֮£ٴΰٶһƬƬ棬һЩСսаĸӦ
ģǰʱճâڰĹâ֯һâų⡢໥״̬
֮󣬷·ҲͷŸӦȻϲϴǹâ֮еϢȻ̫ݵϢ
ǵСģ
̬֮ð麹񾭣ǰս
֮ڼսԵ֮£ƺǧսֵسս֮С
￴ȥǧ֮Уڼ׵ĵҲʥս׵󣬴ЩʥսϢ֮У˶ԸӦ̫ϢͨӦ˻󣬾Ȼǻ
Ҳ˵ǣǻսսߣΨһһȫǻϹս
糤̾Źţǿľ֮һţսĵţ϶ҲǴͷ

ֿʼСս
Ȼǹ֮
ս룬һ𿴲յаϢ΢΢ͷųҴ˻ƵôϢǵǿߵĺᣬǡ֮֮ˣ̫ˣСӵԸй֮Ӷ뾡취õ֮յõ񼣣
˻Եú˷ܣһϤϢСߵˣ϶бϤϢһˡȻĺˣߣҹǼһϵ򵥣죬ͷϢĺˣҵСϣӵд΢Ϣ


2242 Ĳл
ɣɣѵȲ
˻âս׵ڣĿն
Ƭս·ֻʶš
š
սԵҶȡơ֮ϣһʬ壬ǰ޷ݡ
Ǵһս׵ϣơиӦ̫ݵϢҶǵһӵ̫󣬿ϧϹǿߡ
Щ󱣳֮ǰս״̬еŭ˫ͫеŶԷ֫壬ɢΧ·ҲѾ绯
ƷӦҶȣϴ󣬿ЩͷųĹ
ţ
Ҷ˵Ļ˶ϹŹǿߣͷųĹжôۺ³ӵľֱΪҶ׼͡
ͬԴϢ˭˭ʶڸգ
һ˻ơҳϵ΢΢شս봫
ѵϹǿ߱һʶ
һǾò˼飬ԴӽϹսֻ˱ʶһҹȻԼĶ֣ξǸղǵǿ
ʣƬսҲнԵǿߣֻܱһж˵˵Ĳ֮УǿĴڡ
˻룬ȻһʥϢǴһͷųģҲҪСģϾʶҲ𽥱аʶɡ
ûãɱѪķ룬̵ķ֮ϣʮߵǿγɵʬ棬Ȼһս׵ȻòǴ˱ȻǹǿĴڣնɱôǿߣεȵʵ
ݵʬ棬İƲ©ɣϧһսĲ࣬ұ۵ĵˣ첲
Ͼ⣬Ҷǰ
˻Ƶھ㵵شСЩĪԵ֣ΪαϣӦֻҹŵʥϢʲôˣѵҹĳǿߵĺ᣿
֮Уõһݹں֮󣬱ӵʥԶŴ񣬹֮
ǹ֮Ĳ£ȻȷԹ֮俴е̫ˣЩɱԶ
ȫû
Ҳֻ֪ǹһ֧սӵͳ죬ս֮󣬹ɳս֧Ԯ硢ɽһսõ֧ԮҹصƬսաÿһˣս
˵֮ͻȻֵս֮УǼǿģǴﵽ߽λĴڣϧֻбԱʶˣʶջʧģȻǹ֮ӵߣ뱾һˣɣڱʶʱ򣬱Ҫ㣡
ôԣҶ־ϲ
ʲôԣʶɢȥһжʧʧ紫㣬ӦҲڤڤ֮עģ㻹ԻصЩĹˣһطᣬЩ˵Ըɣ
ϴȥɣ
ƵȲˣֱǹඥҶȾȻͻƣʱڣʵᳬǶˡ
Ҷȿ˿磬˻ȻŹȻһǹϵ̤ŵʬ壬ŵǴ̱ǵѪȡ
ˣ˵õһݹǷ񻹵õ
Ҷǰʱ˻Ƶʵ
ֻõһ𣿡ҶȲףȻԼˣָӵ硣
ããɰɣ
̾Ϣ֮˫ͫһ֮⣬˫ͫᣬ֮УӵһǿҵĹʶ
ٿ
ͫҶʱ˿̣Ҷȼһսף׳˶ˣһ޽֮ͫ
Ǳʶ̬ǹŸͳ졮뷨𡯣̬ʧҲ˲ˣʧҪǿ
ˡ뷨¶һ΢Цӿ첽Ŀǿҡͨͫ⣬һ̤ҶȵԺ
ٿһҶȵԪڵʯ䣬ʹһӡȻһɰķӡ֮ȻֱҶȵԪֶȥ
ҶȲ׵ʵǰΪҪͷŷӡ
ΪΪȴԪڵȴһ죬ȴһñԶḴ
ʱ䣬뷨¶аײеĿ⣬ϵĹϢʧˣΪȼյа
ã
棬ǼҶԺһаԪֱаȻּΧսգȻӿ˳аֱҪƬȫû
ǰ㡢Ҫ
ʱҶҲ׻뷨Ŀģϧ̫ˣڲѣȻ˶Էĵֻ̫̫ڶʱǿ
뷨һжаʧƯҶԪϷ̰شЦţȻЦΪ䣬ֵõʲô꣬ΪһѻⲻǱĽ֣ҪΪ֮ǰ㲻Ĵڣƫƫʱ򣬰͹Ҳ֪ʲôˣȻõ֮
ҪңҲ׵ģҶɲǼָմݱ飬Ȼ鷢չһҪ취
ϴСģ
磬а˳ʼˣ˳֮УȻдаꡢа飬ơһʱ뵽ҶȣΪҶԱа깥ֻ·һ
˲Χǿа꣬Ҷࡣ
ͻͻͻ
ͷ֮ҪаԼа֪̫΢ͷŶϱаɢ
أ
ڳơԿ֮ʣǶҲҪҶȱа˳ɣơҲͷɱﵣ֪޴ҶȼɳĴСͻȻһںڵ

𾪵һĻˣаȻںסааϱʳΧа˳Ҳһӱںǣס
ޣȻܿﵽ񼶱
ǲҪˣǸСﵹñܳԾСӣҲǶˣ֮УһõĴУĺˣһСҲйǿҵĹϢ벻𸴻壬˲尡㻹߰ʲô𼴽ĺˣ
Ԫ֮У뷨緢֮£һж׼˵֮ͻȻһ߸ƯҶȵԪ
СӣԪ󲻼򵥰λˣȻԪΪﵽԪʼ񣬿ⶼǹ֮ĹͣһУΪ£ɣ
뷨ӡ֮ɫȻŤΪһԲεĴҪҶȵԪֶȥ
뷨̫Сˣ㲻ǹŵǿߣһ޷ıƫƫӵй󣬿ɣѹ磡
ҶͻȻ߶ԼɱﵣǾǲԪ
ˡ
һ貵Ĺ֮⣬ͻȻаֵԪĿر
Ϊ˴Ĺ̫Ⱑǹ֮յ㣬㵽ڴ߶ʲô


2243 
뷨ӿʼͷŹϢҶȶӡҶԪ󣬿һ㾡յóԸ
ʱԪ󱬷Ŀ֮⣬оԼһݿ־壬̾һ֮󣬼æӿӡһɴԪſҧȥ
ͻͻͻ
ޱԪ֮ͻȻ뷨ҪҶȵԪһȥʱһ޴Ĺ񣬺ԪΧķӡͬʱȫ飬ȥͬѡ
ͣͣлú˵
뷨ķӡ飬µ֮⣬Ҳһסɴ޷κηӦֻѡЭ
µĴڡ
ҶȴӲŹԼĵˣǻ뷨ִĻǵǿУûɱﵵĻѳΪһ߿ܣӷ絽ɽ硢һУ񲻸֮
㿴ʲô
Ͻӡ̫⳹ӿ֮С
ʱ֮䣬ӹâ֮ն𣬸ߴɣ־֮Ԫ
֮񰡣ô㰡
ͨһ뷨һ̣˷ֻޱߵĺԼ־塣
̾´ˣ´ˣ֮񰡣ˡ˰ɣ¸Ըܳͷ㲻ԶµĨɱ
ˡ
֪ͻȻһ֮⣬׼ȷл뷨а꣬һ̫ⲻϾǿа꣬˲ϢͻΪ˳
һ㳾δ¡
ã
ǴģҶȵڻţ뷨ִڣȻ˱ӡ޳ܵСˣӦñ
ΰޣҾ뷨
ڸֵҶɻ뷨ǿʬԼ޷գΪԽ̫̫࣬һӣȥᶯ
ͲһˣȻǱӡսռ䣬õĹϢᱻ˷֡
ԣ߶ɻ뷨
תͬʱҶȵԪָƽҶۣơڶԿа̫꣬ˣȻСС壬ܶԿΧа˳
Ҷóơ࣬Ȼ߶龻֣ʼֻ뷨ʬԼƬսĹ
ģҶȵͷһɴĻ龻֡
ˡ
ֻ뾻뷨ǵ龻ת֮ƬսеĹ׷׵Զӿ龻֡
޵־ЩԶӦ׷ӿ
һݴϲٹŵĹȻӴ޷ز
ҶȼæơͷȻ߶һӡʮԼū׷׳ڽ֮С
ͬʱϷ龻ּһ֣ʼջ뷨ľǸ߽λΪʲôܽţȻһͨĲڡ

ƬսĹϾ뷨ʬںϵİʥʱӿ֮УҶȡơ硢Լūؿʼǿ

˼飬Ȼ˵Ĵӵһɣںϵ
̾ˡūҲ֮УҶôҼûͻơ
սߣӦ˵̫ʱ֮У˻벻Ĵˣʱ䣬̴ﵽҪϽԽҪƽԪʼ
ͣ
ȥ
֮Уһ뿪ʼͻƣһɹɽγŤ״̬ϵսɢ
λ񣡡
֮֮УҶ죬ҲΪģһʼӶλ̤λ
ǰȥҶΧĽʧ˳Դ̤λ
ͣ
ֹȥ꣬ƿʼͻˣĽλ񣬳λĹͷţԼϵħƽ硣
ҶɣѾﵽ۷壬յǱԻ뷨ĻٶȽ
ͣ
ҶȳûֿʼͻƣĿԴڻ£ᡢ顢㼸һǳɣҪɣڰˡ
ĽλҶȿҪ̤߽λһԼūǶ̤߽λ񣬶ūʼ۷塣
ʱַ״̬¿˶ԣδǿ󣬶ÿ˵ɿȹඥ̫죬ҶȶԣඥѾûжٲ࣬ǽ뷨˻
̤ĽλҶȣһʼλҲʼͻƣõһ̤λֵõǳԽҲʼϽ
ûã̤߽λ
Ҳڼ֮󣬿ʼͻλ񣬽̫˳ˣ䣬ƾλ
֮УҶ˵Ľٶ죬Ϊ壬һֱõҶںϣҾҲͣԻȻͻƺܿ죬Ҷඥʼͻλ
̫徳Ҷȡơ꣬һ˲ŵһĻˣǾ˻ǵūֻǳơ磬ǲĴڣҪһͬǲܵġ
Ƭǹսռ䣬Ҳɿˣʱ˺ͼһһͬɱ䡣
λ񣡡
ȥͻλҶȣֿʼλѸջ뷨ʼԴ
ʮ˶ﵽ۷壬ūѾ۷壬Ҫ뿪Ƭռ䣬ܽ
ڳơҲҪںܶʱ䣬ٴν
ֱȥ
߽λ񣡡ȴһ
˽λ񣡡˳˫ۣȻӡ
߽λ񣡡
Ҷȴһ˾ȻͬʱһͻƸԵľ磬һŨҵĽϵӿ硣
֮⣬龻ƺƬսĹ˵ϷҲˣʧȥսȻаʼռݡ
ŵʧ̫ˣ̫ˣ
Զһڼ׾޺ȻشʬЩʬ嶼ǹŵǿߡ
޺վһŲڷϣ߹ʬɣ޺˫ͫаѪ⣬û˿ϢʼӶ˫ۣϽӡֵǣԼۼɣƬռ䣬ǻص
󣬴ΧЩʬ֮УȻɳȼյааꡣ
ô£
ո̤߽λҶȣͻȻӦһɾ޴в֮ͬʱһǿޱߵаʶڳⷽ
أ
ޣȻҲٵķ졣
ÿֲÿֲĵаϢֱȻ뷨Ҫǿ󼸱ô˿ֲĴڣ
ͨӦ֮ҶȷƬսռ䣬еаϢԼȻͬһںϣ㼯Ҳ˵еջںʵȻ뷨һˡ
ﶺȥǸϽߣɵ̫ˣ뷨޷ԿζԿǿĴڣ
Ҷȼæơ˵ôҲͻƽְѾˡū֮С


2244 ʥԽ鴨ʵ
ͬʱҲصԪ֮һڰϷĻ龻̵˼æվתһǰȻһɸߵаӰ
ӰǵԼаϢֱǵĶħ֪Ԫжǿ˿һۣԪȻڲ
ҾӰʼһ̤սڻζһֱ̤һɫаٲսϯ
ߣ
ò뿪Ȼ޷գǿа꣬˸޷ԿаԽԽӴƺаľۼ塣
ಣ
߶龻ֽ磬˽ϸԴﵽ߽λľʵʼãã硣
ͻͻͻ
˵аӰ׷ٶԽԽ죬ֻм׾룬ҺаӰ޷߶˵ͨȻ־룬ӵлаӰԽɱ
үүģ׷ŰǣĻйƬսᱦ
ȥ淢аľۼ壬ֻҪаսͻոаӰԽӴ󣬱˵ˣ¾ǻҲԸ˿µа
һԳͶأЦ֮ǰЩаꡢа鶼Ǹ壬ǿǴаںϵĹûмᱦĿܣ
ţϧҪʧλᣡҶȿʼ߶ߣҪҹµȻ޷ѰԾ뿪ñǹס
ҹȻӵ޷ã߶֮󣬷·Ƭռ䶼ҶƵģ˼ԦռٶԽԽˡ
ҹ˵ɶ񡭡
ﱻ˦ԶշޱԹ޵ųһ亹ʶٴΰٶޡ
ʮΪõҹڽ磬ȻԶƬսܿˮ֮С
ͷһɿǹﲻͻҹµĿռӡֻǿϧ滹жٵıӶʧ֮ۡ

˷ɳˮ棬Ϥս߿ռ䣬Χа꣬ʵһа꣬Ѿ𲻵в
˿̣˶оӹŹһ⣬Щ޷һӻع
죺ϴʵòˣ߽λԪʼҲ𲻵вȥɽԪĪаǷ˰ɣ
Ҳ޳ɵԣֵʵһĸ߽λԪʼԿٶȵĻԪĪаѾ޷γв

ΨҶȹϵҡҡͷǰĶûǣҲǣڶǶԣԼʵһҪģ˶Ѿʱ䶼ھ㣬ʵ޷õ
զ죿
ǵôǰĻ㻹ҪѰӵвͬĵˣΪת̫ʥǵʵȳ纣ջǺܴ˵㻹ǸϽȥѰˣð취ǽսϹս֮УֵطΣޱȣһӦ̫óһȥҲܷģҪɽ취ԸĪаԼԪȵǴսʱ֣ԪĪа񻹲ֻ·һ
Ҳãǿһսϵõʱٲս
ͷ
ϴģҲû
صϢٳ
ûʲôҶȿʼ߶ǧͼʱﵽ߽λҶȣʵѾӵλԪʼ£ʵ߶ǧͼٶѾԪʼ۷塣
ಣ
˱һǳâս߱Եȥ
սΧռ䡣
ʱƯʮǿߡ
ǰɹԽ鴨Աͷʥ
ʥڴ߶˫ͫͷŵı̹⣬ںϣϵ͸սȻֶԽ鴨ʵҶȡħˣǽʱգ
Խ鴨ɫصػش𣺡˾Ųʮɣʥǡͨߡ֮£ûκܱ㿴ĸԶ߽λҲȲ㣬οҪ㣬»صɹ޷۽
鴨֣˶ȥʱ䡭
ʥҲ쳣ģһνӡ˫ͫĽ֮Ũҡ
ʱա
ˡ
ڼԦǧͼٶаа꣬ԼտռˣͻȻǰһɫͫ⣬ɨ
Ϥˣʥ
һΣյ磬Ȼ㲻˼ĳ֣ͬʱ뵽ո̫ʱյһĻ뵽˭ڴ߶˼ľͨ
ʥ
ʵͻ̫죬
䣬˽һᣬȻʼͷϢȻ󣬴ӺӿаԼа顣
ʥڴˣ
аȻǵ˫ͫ⣬Ҵȣ󷽵аԽԽ࣬ǵض
ҵˣż
۽֮Уʥ
Ӷ۽ʱϣȻԴԴϵӿڡ
̾ս߱Եкܳһξ룬ʥѰܴ
Ӧʣ޷ģҶҲܾ㵣ǰ;ʥ򵥣ǵõ֤ʵ
ʣǳԽߴڡ
޻ٽ
ڽ֮ͫ¡˷ٶȲϼӿ죬޷ѺаԼа飬аͬɽ
ʯ䣬һϤӰϢ֮٣˺󷽡
ɹľͷԽ鴨
Թ°а꣬ʱ˿̣ҶҲǵһμǿ߳֡
һҲͬƬսߵϢһţָһץһŤҴһʶĹϽâһ£˲аڵĿռ䡣
ʱռ䶼飬ʵ̫ˣ֪а걻ռ֮УԽ鴨ͷųƣһץǽͫϣƿ˲Ϣƿնȥ
粻ɰ̾Խ鴨ʵ̫ˣǻǷߵʵ
ҶҲǽţţĽȻӵʶʵ޷޳ɵģһֱɳȥҲĴͷټʥȻǿ֣ǿߵĵã
ʱףΪųߣΪӵеǱ޷Ԥϣ籾Դ
ʮ֮
ಣ
ϢͻȻı䣬ûаѹţǰһ˶ʱԽ鴨ͷһʥԼʮǿǰ
ʥΧ߼˲Ϣÿ˱鶼࣬ʥǳţ»֪жٵǿߣΪСսߣԶսƺԶŴսһҪսԾľͷҲ޷У
ǵȷˣԺ󲻻ٳ״Ҷʾ⣬ơһͬ
û¾ͺã鴨ȸǣ
ʥףǽ˵Ǹ⣬ȻһԽ鴨ʮƿնȥ
ٶȣҶĪĴڣΪǻٶȡ
Խ鴨ҲһӡͷŻ֮ƿͬʱȥǽգһƶٶȿĲ˼飬մ󣬻һЩơ
㣬ٴλصɹ
ǵǵһЩ񵤡ڵǰԽ鴨Ҳû˵ʲôһݴ䣬뿪ˡ
ĿԽ鴨ȥת붴


2245 ·׷ɱ
һϢĽ磬ӡ
˸£ʼϢս˶Ҫͨȵȷᡣ
ɹ
˴֮һ
һƯƲɽһ߲Ӱ̤ʥ񾳽شۡ
شü֮һɻɽ֪ʥĸżк£
գۼ䣬ش۽ɽ֮Уڲһ磬ɽ壬һޱߵ磬⡰硱ʵǴͨߣͨȻںϣʩչɡ
ش۷߷壬һΧһء
أ
ֻʥĸһ֮УͬλðֶʮӰԪʼǿ
ЩأȱԴ߲ɳҪǿˣʲôʱ򡭡ЩزܳΪش۵Դ
鲼ڹΧأش޷ѹƵռͷȻȡȱԴ
ʥĸشǰϢɽڲռϢںϣλǱոմɹõϢ˵ĴˣҶȡħսлع飡
ͨ˭֪ش˫ϥأʥΪȷʥĸ£ʥĸһܷŹˣͥµɽԼͥϣδᣬʱԺػԸЩͥ
ԱżŻͥ˵ɽ磬ǾްԵĴڣҲҪΪԼλܣһΪвͥأչȥҲˣ
ˣһͬʿܷŹ
أż㿴ããжȻ磬νƫƧ磬ǿƿصʱմţǶﵽԪϵĴڣ⻹磬ҲŽԪ㳤ʱУҲŴﵽԪʼѾﵽʥٶȱ껹ҪЩҪΪǿߣкܳ·Ҫߣ
ʥĸһݲƽôߣ˵ص㱣󣬶Ҳ˴ɹƽգǲһһҪףͥΪеˣգȳСӣͥɲֵۣܵľͷ
ǡشۺܲӦѡ˽ܡ
ע˶뿪Ǿǵڣȥɣ͵֪飬㻹ǺúУȡԪﵽ񾳽ɣ
ʥĸֱۣش뿪ռ䡣
ʥĸ
һʥĸƺڵȴʲôˣӰƿնһˣݣ˫üƽһ˫ĿͷޱߵϢ
˺ҲųһӰӰһͷǿħĺ꣬ĶͷྐྵȻһǡ
ʥĸüף֣
תʥĸܺ꣬ɫְּ֮ʥĸǱǿߡħ񡯣ڵɽʱգһңԶɽʱʿϸԪͶڱ£Ǳʵǿ֮һ
ħԶΪ칬ЧΪͥЧħ񵱼
ʥĸԸոշˣõ˴󶯸ɸ𣿡ˡ칬üͻȻһ
Ԫҵɽµ֣ͥԪǰͥšع֮ͥĽҲĿѵĻҵ˻𣿡
ǸóֻҶȡħˣǵͽλԼǲ̫С
ɽǻĺ绽꣬ǵĻҵϹ֣Ҷ漸Ԫˣһ磬ʲôʵֻһԭ򣬶ǽǸʱһͬʿѻΪҵٲˣ磬һڣǷСӳɳȥһһ죬޷ʰǵʱǷѹأ
ɣŷˡҲգճЩҲãͥҲ磬಻ͥκλ
Ȼ칬ڶҶȡħȴͬʥĸһϯ
ܻܳԪΪСͷľǴ·δȻ
ħ˰ɣʱʱ̿׼ôʵСһ㻹öѰЩ֣
Ϸ繬ԵħɭϵĶ
ɹ
ǧ굯ָ
Խ鴨ƿҶеĶգüͷ΢΢𣺡񣬻յķߣ֮缸ʱ뿪ѡӦ編򣬿ȥһޱȵսߣƺҪȥУ
Ƭ̡
ǰ
ҶȡħӸԶɳԽ鴨ʩԵò
ս֮УǴܴӰ죬ǲϢǧ꣬ôȥðգԽ鴨Щȴδо˿Խ鴨Խͬ
籧ȭѾָò࣬Ըʵ̫ҳ磬棬˷ȥһЩڵʱգúü棬ҲѰЩаı
ȥǺ£Ǵ̫ʱյȷƳɳǵһȣͨͨ
Խ鴨ʾ˰߶һӡһԪ֮΢΢ͷš
ȥϢʼָƽҵͷûǶཻҪСģȥĪҪ̫ãΣգԴ߶ƣʱǵǿߴǱ֮УǶǺĴڣ
лǰ
ٴԽ鴨ʾл⣬ȻڶԷĿ£򵱳ķȥ뿪ɹ
˰ͨٶȣ㻨˼ŷʱգټķʱգҲ޴½ƬǴʯ壬ˮشӳ෴½ԽԽԼ
ٶȻδΪһһȻӲĸӦ
óһݵͼоһҲż̫ʱգ绹ʮԶսż̫ʱһΣյĴڣ
ҶսʱҪǶԸа꣬ԼһЩԶǿߣеǿ߱ػӵҹ졢뷨ͨʶǲѶԸģһҲöСģ
ơ翴׼δй쳣顣
ǼȥԶ̫ʱգˮ磬صŷ֮ҲԽʧ
ֱûлļϢ֮Ҳ׼ֿж
ˡ
֪Ҷȣʱʱ̿עⰵж״̬£ȻһƷӺ󷽣ԳԽٶȾ˵׷
ִ߶龻֣оȻӦһɱ⡣
֪ú⣬ΪͻȻǿҪɱ֣ҶֹͣӦûи飺Ԫʼ񣬶ǵͽλֻһħǿߣﵽλԪʼ񣬻ʮ˶Ǹ߽λ񣬶ĿǣѾ
˶иƨãͽλԪʼ񣿺ǺǣһЦͼҶȡʲô֪ٶˮȥ
׼
һ۵ħڨЦ֮ͷŵɱ⣬ͻȻȼ

֮󣬵ҶһƬյˮʱ˷ͻȻɱһǿߡ


2246 ѹħ
Χסǣ
ʮͬͻ˳Χһһֻ֣գ۹򣬾Ҷ˺޷Ӧ£˰Χڰ֮С
ٺ٣ԪʼδְƸֶһɨ¶֮ԱǵЦݡ
˾ڲԶǾòԳ֣Щʵܰնɱ
簵ҶʵȷǿߣĪаԪˣҪԸǣɳЩܸӦһɹ𣿡
һȣ
Ƭ֮ҶȾ΢΢һɹ廹ԾɹϢΪɹشۡشۡţͷͥ׵ɹ𣿡
ش˵ı
򵥣򵥣˷ŶãѾΪʥٶȱͻƻҪ죬б޷Ȼࡢ̫ʼйءʥʵûָԪʼԸǣ
ҲѽͣӦ˰ɹ֮УЩϸԪͥͷǵ֣Ըǣ
Ѳɽ絽磬ͥ޷ƲϵˣȵԪʼʧȥģȻǳ֣
գۼ䣬˰о
ٺ٣ɱ
ʮһһֵЦݣҶ˷ɱȼ֮ʩչֲֿ
ǻ𣬾Ǵ죡ʮһĻǵصɱ

ΧɱˣֻǱؽӡͷų磬ֵǿ߹ʮһ벻ǣǹȻ˸סˡ
ԶУħʦԪʼǿߣĿתǰжȻЩ£ʵ̫ˣ
ŷ磬Ը߽λ񡭡һԪʼҲò˼飺߹ȻЩԴҪǿĶ࣡
׼֣
ħһ֣һͬϢʼƽǰա
䣡
ʮһǿߣͷŹ˵ķ磬мܣܻΪġ
Щ˲½ߣӦԾɹЩߵĺᣬǺްߵʣ
֮УһѾ޷ȥ
Ҫˣ
Ҷȵ˫ͫ˸һ⣬Ӹһ˿ЦʵӿʼǾˣЩԼԪʼе
䣡
һͻȻһӰʮֻ֣߳ӰӰĳһӡ
ӡ֮񹥻ǿʮԻ֮ƣڵʯ䣬ӡڽ֮ϡ
Ȼ飬Ҷȡơһ𣬶ɲװģΪԷԪʼʵȷ£Ѿʵ
˿̣ħǿ߳Ԫʼڳһɱļ
ħһЦǻеֶΣ
Ǿɹĸ֣֮УҶȡơ罥߳Ȼһս
Ŷ֪ǵݣħԵúܾ㵣ΪζԸ˼ƻֻЩ֪
ҶȸĪЦݣô֪Ͳ֪ˣֻ֪Ǳ֮˭
ǲ֪ģԶҲᣡħͻȻһɱ
ಣ
֮ǰԪʼɱħ˼ȷɳΧռ飬·첨ˡ

ԷɳӶɱ⣬ԷԪʼͷһȼյռ䣬ʶȼջΪ
ݡ
ѾǰݲȵһץȻһұһӣٿһѸײڶ֮л

ΪĹű÷׷ɢ԰˽λΪѶԷһλԪʼĹǿƵѹĽҲȼգʼѺۡ
ܣ
Ԫʼֻһд㵣ǺħԼʮһҲһĻǲӦ÷ġ
֣
ֿʼ鹥Ǽĳ裬ɲǼ䣬Ԫʼ˲ӡ˫ֿʼ趯ʱΧ׹ӡȻͬѹ
Զʵ
ӡ
ԭһǱܹһ׹ӡһɹâӡâһϯ׹ӡ
ǡͨ𣿡
ΪΪߵħλԪʼһ۾Ϳʩչͨ򵥲ƽȻͫ¶һḬ̃
ͻͻͻ
ԪʼڶԳֵİգ״̬໥˺ҧ˭ѶԷѹ
ֵܣһ֮
һԪʼƺҪ׼ȥΧ磬ƺҲ룬չֵʵȷ̫ס
ħԪʼ񰵰ʱ䲻ˣɱͲҪ￿̫ʱգҲ뱻˷ǵΪʱŹǣ
ԪʼΪﵽλԪʼʵһλǿԵ
ҪչɱҲǲˣ
˵ԷһһһգΪ󷽵Ҷչߣħ˵κλһ

λԪʼǿ߱һλǿŶˣĿŵͷɱץסһֱӴɱ
ƣ
ԱһλԪʼɱּ֧ͬԮԵûԾҲʼҪɱȥ
ʱδйٶֻ˫ͫͻȻһЦݣһɫ
˵ʱʱ죬λԪĽѾɱΧײƣпռ䣬üĴ
ڴ˽һ̣綯ˣѾ̫ԷĽǰֱһƣſƣֱԲҪƣץڷޱȵĽ֮ǰ
䣡
һץֱӰѽץ飬Ȼǰƶѽ飬һˣǶλԪʼ벻羹ȻʵӦɲǼͱָץڲϣһŤ
ͣ
ͷ­ͱժȡ
֣
Χǿ߼æߺħλԪʼǿߣͬ鱻ɱһͬɱ硣
ͣ
ֻǷɳƬ̣ħߵλԪʼ񣬾ͱֻ֣Ӳץסͷ­Ȼץñը
ӣ
ħʱ֪һвżȻʶΣȻתһӣʮһ뿪
ڲ֪ߣˣ
һ޵Ӱ֪ԺεȵٶԼͨһʮһǰȻûж֣ǴӼͷɳһС

ȻһĲҽУСգֻգۼ䣬ʮһͱССӡ
ıɲߣ
ħ񳹵ŴˣôҲķߣһҷߣҲֻǷɳԶͱһͷħӸ
ǳħ
ǡǡǷߣħŷ֣ԷٶȡʵͨԶ֮ϣҶԷ־ɱУûһڣ磬治ͬһķߡ
˵֮˫ͫȻͷųȼյħ档
Ա
ҶҲֶͬʱҲһպðħΧסȰ㲻ҪѡַʽΪԱ˺ãҲˣ
ܵһ汳ģħڴʱҲչֳߵ߾ˣ֪Ҳƴһ˿ᡣ
ҶһĨмЦݣɲףҲͲЩΧ֮ǰѾΪһʬ


2247 
ЦΪʲôˣ
ħôҲǴɽǿߣһŷϽϣ˵裬ǹɰѪȻڶ
ɲҶȣͷâһս塢ͫͷţҪʵҶһս
սҶֺξ壿ԷⷬٶҲҶս⿪ʼȼҲգһߣͬһټ磬ĳֲ˵ҲӦɱ㣬Ȼ㲻Ҿ׺Ϊ࣡
ħ䣡
ֻħ·߶һŴͨĺͻȻΪħƣƤʼѣѪȵĹͣͷһѼҲʼ֪䣬ħȻΪһԼʮɵĹףԭһͷ
ž
û֮ħʵѾλԪʼ񣬴ʱʵŴﵽλԪʼһ̤һž޹ȫұ֮У˫ĿһɣǰԵȭͷҶȡ
ȭͷһ̣ħǰİնʱ飬ΧʮռҲ˺ϢһƬշ·һ漴ľ档
񾧾
Ҷ߶֮еϽϵͨϵͬʱҲǿӲȡ
ֻұۼΪʯ״̬ͷŵâΪྦྷӨȭͷΪһʵʷѪ״̬

ֻգħ׳˶֮ǰСҶһɶȥǰԵħȭҶȶʱ
ȭͷȭͷʵĽ棬ȭͷڿռ֮ײײγɵʱ񷣬ƴײ֮ħҶ֮ħǳսаĿ⣬Ȼʼ
֮Ҷɴݣδһ£߽λΪ߶ŲѾﵽ߽λԪʼĸ߶ȣħʵͬһ߶ȣ˭̺Ǵнϵ
ۣ
ħһ˲һѪȻÿһѿռ̤飬ƺ˫Ѿ֮С
⽥ϢҲָջȭͷҶȵһХħΣλԪʼ񣬻壬ҿ⣬ջܣ֪û㿪Цɣ
ħߴָΪߣɳһݰֻǸǲţ߽λ񡭡ʵ
⻹ȽǱȽͨҪɱĻûʱ䷴ӦҪɱ㣬ͱҲɱ㣬Ͳ
һ߰ҶȻһħ񣺡Ҳɱ㣬һ·ҪΪҲǷߣҲδԱøǿΪͷҶȴӲŹԼĵˣ
һշӰǳ磬ƺܵЦٺ٣Сӣ֪˰ɣκһˣ԰Σ
治ɱңħ֪ǰжĨĨǵѪɵʡ
˵Ļһ㲻ı䣬ֻҪشңҪصˣ˭
ħֻͬʵҪҳ֮ˣǲܵģȻҲܸ㣬ȥɹҵĳһвͺˣ
㻹ɪɶҪԸǵˣѵǲ֪ͥ
ƶŭˣûҶֺƢΪôࡣ
߰ɣ֮ǰҵþһ䣬ܷŹ㣬´λΪУҿɲٷڶΣ
ҶħѾش⣬ҲȥֱۣħǱط̫ʱա
̾ϢĿŵҪǣЩҪˣΪħʧܣͻװ׷Źǵģ
ҲɱˣҲڴݱСģҶơһһᣬ໥
ҶƯڰգһֱĿͶʧʡ
תʬ¯֮УóһݵͼԱһ̫ʱվɽм޴ʱգĿǰٶȣȫ߶ǧͼĻӦǧڿԵõɽڵʱա
񶴡ħšɽȼĴڣǾ̫ʱһ
磬һ·´Ǽ½ͼ½н񹬡ɽڡ̫šʥ½â½
һҶȲɻ֮ǰһЩ֪ʱ͹ȥˣʱ󲿷ֶĪа׷ɱڲϴӱ֮жȹġ
ﵽ߽λɲĪаĶ֣ѾǵǸĪаѹСϡ
񶴣ɽһĴڣһ
պõͼһݺԼڴ߶ǧͼ֮С
ټʱյһ߿ա

ħǱطɳţѾڵʱգٹãܻص˴ɹ֮һľɹ
Ȼٶؿǰգ
䣬ֻԾɹǿ칬ԵƿնΪʵԶԶħ
ʧˣ˶ˣ칬Ѿ֪µȥɭɭ
ħҴһε¹ĺʵ벻˿ֻʵǵʵһ£
칬ʵǿʵ
һصĺܣ޷͸ǵ֪֮࡭
ûеɣ
ôܿܳ
ţǲ㣬ֻҪõ׿ڳϣ񵤣
칬һץԽһ񵤵ݸħ
ħԥһ£ǹȥӡ
͡
Ҫһ̣칬벻ٶȣͻȻһָħüġ
桢ûħ޷ţֱֱڲ
칬ѪһЦЦݳ׺ͣû˵㣬ֻˣǾûұ鷳İѱѵ㶼
֪֪
֪ĻͲ³
ħ˵꣬칬һģħ˲ȼһ߾ȻԼŵУҲħδ֣ûҶϣ³
ûãòոշˣںƱ
칬תƿնȥʣһƬɢ
գۣǽǧʱȥ
ããˮ֮Уʱʱһǳâʣǰȥ
ƬˮǰӦþڵ½˰ɣ
ǳâ֮УҶԵ÷糾̫ͣʱһֱֹ¶ԼģҶҲס
ԱһͼһЦݡ
Լʮ꣬ǰˮ֥Сĵ졣
ϿЩ쿴֥Сÿһǰ޴ҪĶࡣ
ЩϿգȥ·춼ǻĵʮϢӦƿµࡣ
ǰУ;ּٵ죬ԽԽ㣬ֱ½ƺŶԱȵͼҶȷѾ񶴵ʱڡ
̫½˰ɣޱߵĴ½ĪǾ񶴵½
֮ǰʶн½ڵʱգԶʱղδж𺳣񶴹ģѾԶԶԽн񹬣һһнֻǶˡ
ٶ֮ҶȰԼϢһͨȻ񶴵½


2248 
½̫ˣҶȵٶҲҪȥһˣ֮дǳɽ룬׳ԭҰͬҲһǳء
֮ϣһɿնĽ硭Ӧþ񶴵ĵڰɣ
̧ͷȥʮ½ϷʱԼһâĽɫռ䣬һƺ֮ͨͷͨ
ͨӦܿӦϢ²ǿԪʼ񣬸޵ľͷϢ񶴲һټʱա
ҶѡһϴĳǳأС
ǳشϣý̻ԻһҲΪֵװԸʯΪԼڽֵ֮УʱʱԼƴ며۵ʿЩʿ߹ޱȣΪǾ񶴵ĵӡ
һ²ӣﶼһ
һҶȱҵһҾ¥úϢһʱ䣬ȻɽʱϢҪͷŸӦܸܲӦĪаϢ
Դ̫ʱգĪа·һӲˣ統ͻȻһԵĪ⡣
ӦκջҶȾҲ뵽һЩܣĪаȻûеӽ̫ʱֻ̫ʱΧǱأпܾʱոֻȥɽԪ֡
֮ʱӦòĪаҶֳơϵûκλӦֽһս֮УҷǳңԶ
ҲĿûģ
ȻȻλֵܲҲһ𣿻λ˭ע֮ս½ðһŵӣһЩľ
񶴽Ȼ͹ע񶴵ļţеġпܣϻǰĴڣ
ȷ֮ӣΪﵽĴڣǼ̫ˣѾӽ񣬶ѰˣĸԪվǵĸ߶ȣ
ϢҶȣͻȻĳڣλʿ̸̸ݹغ⵹ҶͦģŶμӣǺεȵʢᡣ
Ҷȱҵһ̻ᣬʼڻϢ
۸ǲ󣬶һõ˹עҶʿ
ص¥֮Ҷȿʼ񵽵кβͬѰ֮
һ飬ҶѾ¶ܾɫ
ܾþγɵһ񣬹ʮܽʮǵͷп̤ţһ̤񣬽ȻҲǻ֮еǿߣԻشӰԶÿһ֮սʮڲ֮󼸺˳̤񣬶Һǻ֮еİ
ȻҲ˶Աμ֮սΪﵽ߽λԪʼ񣬶кܸߵ֪ȣܲμ֮սǸͨɸѡģһôܲμӡ
ӻе˷ţڶǿߣеĽ˴죬еĳΪ֮еȨߣȻҲЩĬĬʧ
֮֮ˣڲ֮󣬶Ĵ
ɽ
֮ҶȾ㵵һԭ򣬾֮սУҶȼһۡĵ֡
Ԫ
ŽλԪʼɽµӡ
жԪʮϸĽܣԪȻҪ̤֮͵Ǻεȵľš
ҲȥɽѰˡ
΢΢߬ȭͷδ꣬ҪѰԪ˭֪ҲҪμӻ
Ŷһǿ߲μӡɳǣ
þòŻڻϵϢں֮УҶȲ˲н񹬡ɽڡ̫ŵȴӼһϤòϤ֡

棬ɽȽϣɽǰ֮Уʮ֮ǲ࣬ɽ࣬Ϊȴ֮ĩ
ɳǣ֮ʵڴæ
һİ֣ҶȵĿ⣬ɳǣһǴߣܲμӻȻеţ֮ҶȸӾȣԭɳǲ½ߣ֮еıԴ
ǷߣȴĲŻɳǲ򵥡
ҶȺܹעԺַʽУΪһ뷨˵ǶԸԪľѻᡣ
ͨϣҶҲõ˴𰸣ڡɽУɽһƬ޴ɽһɽһս̨Ǳߣ̨֮ϱ
ڻɽ֮ǵһްԴ̾ʱգΪ̫š
̫ţȻҶȲ֪񣬵ȴ֪̫ŵģΪһȥݣǵ糬̫ŵ֮ĳһйϵһֱ˵йΪ죬Ϊ񼣣̫ųΪĴ
Բ֪ɽ񶴣ǲ֪̫ܲš
磬˶֪ߣ֪ǿһġ
ɽøԪҿץסᣬѰһᣬҲŹ㣡
ӵлϢץ飬뵽纺ԪѹҶбŭա
ǺǣĬĬСҲҪȥ̫ţ棡
ЦЦҶĻ񶴣̻ᣬ̫ŵĵͼӶ֪̫ž񶴲ңԶպôħŸһƬʱ֮С
ҶϢ̫ŷȥ
ңԶĳʱ
һ׷ߵӰϿգò·Ԫع£΢ЦԪΪʦ֪ʲôԸ񣬰װʧЩһֱΪ׼ţӶ磬ȴ˷ӶӰʵ

ƺԪʹ뵽һУղòһԱ³
һУΪ콣ǲΪ콣Ҳ״̬£ʧһҪԣӹɵģһԪ£ɽҲΪͷ
ʱҪλеλҪȨȨڻ¡
ҪĴ£ȴʧȥѵζʲô飬ȻҪҪ
ʦ𡭡һܡ
Ԫ֪޷Լʦֻܵ
ߵΪʦӣΪʦʮԪѵҲ𣿡
ʦӦ֪ɣ
˭֪֮У˶֪ôһ棬ԶŵĴ˵ԶԪʼĴڣΪʦΪʱûʸ죬֤Ĳѵ䣬йϵ
̬ߣĸ֣ҲԵ޺
ԪæѹסߣӡϸԪ֮Сõµ֮һ콣
콣
ͻȻһ
ӵõʱ֪콣ַʽ⿪ӡ֪µһֱ˵˭õͿܵõ𣿡
ˣΪʦΪλʧһ콣ǵȷµĪҲˣ


2249 ɳ
ߵļȣԪӦӸӦһԪ֮ãδиǰڸӦһ˿콣ĳ֣÷Ϲȥ֪һӵ콣ǿߣһΪĸ߽λԪʼ񣬽Ųòʧ콣
𡭡
󣬻ȻһĬһص˵Ԫܣÿ˶õĴڣ֪֪жҪ
ӣֻں
ⲻ㣬ΪֻǵӣΪʦͬΪʦҲ뵽Ĳ治뵽ģԪҲζõı˵ִԪʼ񣡡
һˣһһ˵õ콣ôܻܻضΪڶһõ콣Ǿʹһɣӵ־
ʦ˼ǣ
һˣʵȫ콣𣿡
⡭ʦԼ𣿡
ΪʦȻҲɽĳϣʵڻ֮Уֻͨǿߣ벻ģţſԱ콣ΪһˣȥΪУ콣
ǵǵõ콣Ҳûô
ȻΪʦصʵȴΪãڲҪԸ˵ĽǶȥ룬λ˼һӵõ콣Եõ콣˽ӵ콣ָɽ޴ѣôӣ֮ʧȥŵıӻ߳˲ͻᱻͷɱ
Ԫ棬һһ䣬Įȴ͸޹ػоԪڽ̵һȷĵ·
һȷѡ
飬ͬУһһиԪѪ⡣
̬ԡӰѾᣬջǼֵ߿ͷףҲΪǰĴڡҲţܵӡ
šӣ
˭˲׳־ıؼûܳɹԪѾվڳɹż֮ǰһֻһܳΪ֮еĴڣ֮ܵϵĻ棬γһ
ΪʦҲֻǽ飬ϾˣҲ˵콣Ե֣Ϊʦѡ񣬵㽫ҲҪѡ񣡡
ʦ𣬵ȥμӻΪľǵõһ̤Ȼõ콣ʦȫ
˵ˣ˵ȥΪʦĵģͻħ
ûж˵һ֣תʧ
ʦ𡭡
Ԫٴι£Ͽͷ
̫ţ
糬ԹŴ˵һֱ졢񼣽ϵһҲΪˣͬްԴ硣
ããˮͷһƬƬĴ½
ǵҲ½һʵʵľ޴½½Χˮ򣬶ûκκϢ
̫š
ǧȥ߶ǧͼϴҶڴ񶴣־ħţ̤̫ŵĴʱա
̫һ½ĵߣе졢ںһ𣬿뽨һˮޱߵĴ½ϧջûʵ̫֡ŵĴ½Ѿָľ޴½أ
յͼҶڸһЦݣǰãã½ؾ̫ţȻٷɳ۶ȥ
½رԵ̤һ̣ҶҲоһ̤ʵζһ󣬱ѾˡūͷųС
֮սмǧʱ䣬ҶҲżİ磬ҪԸǿԪһ
֮ͻȻһͻƽӵūͷų
ϴսż֮Уūʹﵽ۷壬ĵͻҲ֮С
ҶȲĵūɽ⣬Եūʵ̫ħزڤںϣ̫ħزڤ񷨱ʴ˵ṳ̫̄ʱ䡣
ھǵΪ߽λ˽λ֮䣬еٶȲ뵶ūȣܻҪܳһʱͻơ
ʱţūķѼɹﵽһλ״̬ʵĻſλصʵͿԪʼ
ڼҶҲڳ߽λ۷壬ʱ޷ͻƣҪһʱںϣɴĿǰҪǼǧͼнƷϣоӤС
һ£û龻ԼȫϢҲòı䣬ر콣ϢǸ߽λΪʵҲﵽȸ߽λԪʼĸ߶ȣͨϢѾԪʼܲģͨ£ǻͷӦĻһ޷ҶȵĲͬ
ıòϢΪľ̤ɽԪ
ԪĪаǰûʵϢ׷˽꣬ǵΪѾ޷ײҵϢ
Ѿˡū֮Ҷȴɱ֮½ȥ
;ҶȼδŵĴڣ磬½ϴѰʿı
ǳأԼŻƽۣ̫ŵĵӣҶԽӦ½
ɽ
֮ҶȲĿĵأɽĿǰǴ֮ϣһƬ׳ɽڴ֮ϣһ
Χգʱʱдʿ̫ŵѲߵӣӵͼȷһǳ֮Ҷȵɹȥ
ˡ
;УɽΧһɽʱͻȻһϤϢ龻΢΢Ķ

Ҷһɽ֮Уӵǿߣͣʱ֮УŻĸӦ
ʥ
һϤƮϢʱҶȸӦ֮г֣ʥǿߣһӦһʮǿߣķߣֻмˣ඼Դ
ȻˣҶҲͷߣ˽Щǿʲô̬Ҳ˽Ϣ
֮ʥȻ΢΢𣺡ɳǣоΣ
һᣬ𣺡иµɳǸоҪںһʱ䣬ҲǿﵽŽλԪʼ۷״̬
Ŭ㸸׻οģ
ɳһֱʥǿΪĿ꣬Ȼɳǲ½紿ķߣɹǷߵѪɳǻŬʤΪԵúܼҲкܼġ
Ϣǹɳǡʵȷǿ󣬼̤Ԫʼ۷壬оĪаҪǿ٣
ҶϢԺҲʱӦ
ϢˣҲʽ̫ŵǿ棡

ʥһ£ܿʹɽ֮УɳһӰϤʥһ۳꣬ʮŮŮ֣һɽ
ֱʧҶȲǳطȥ
ǳأҶȼ̻ᣬռڻϣͬҲ̫Ŷ˽⡣
֮һҾ¥úϢζԸԪҲʼ˽ɽĶһ̫ţҶȱػһʱȥ
ֹ˼֮꣬սԽԽӿǳأҶȾɽҲ쵽뿪¥
ͣɽѵ죬ѽɽ
̻֮УҶͨϢõɽϢȷԪμ֮ս
벻ɽѾˣҶ΢΢һʼջԪƱػ棬ʯҶȱ뿪̻ᡣ


2250 һһ
̻ʱ˿̫࣬ӿ룬ͷӿ
Ⱥ֮У¥ݼҶȣ̫ѰͨϿκ㣬ΪҲǺܾˣ̫ţʲô
ڴ˿̣ӵ֮УͻȻһ֮¥ݵʿҲһѰžȥ
ֻ̻ڴһ꣬һλŮӲ̻ᣬԭֻǺѰһĻŮӻ棬޷òȴ˵ӡ
ΪȻûǿƣòѾ޷ӢȥݣĳƤ˫ַ·ޱȣоͲһˣ޳ӣȴһİݰǿͷŶУأ޷ѹȥǾϢӵߡ
κһκһ궼ͬ磬ǾֹˮĿ֮УκβҲδκ˿С
ԱŮӣĸһ߲࣬Աߵİ꣬ȴкܴ࣬Ȼ棬Ůϵĺ䡢߹ϢҲ޷أ΢΢ͷŶѾŮ֮Ч
Ů㷢һ΢΢һɫȻ磬Ů͸ͬһֲĸ߹Ϣһˣȼ벽Ŀ⼸û˵Ĵڡ
Ů빫٣һʱеʿδ
ˡ
ΨҶ½ݣպǰǶŮһ棬Ҷ̧ͷƳŮʱԺ֮УȻԶһ龻ֵӰ
ͻȻʵҶȾ̫⣬ӻ龻֮УûκףٿǰŮʱҲҶȡ
˫һ̣ͬľ棬ͬɫ·˫Щ벻ܣɲ˫Ұ֮УѾûκ˵Ĵڡ
Ϊοǣ
˭룬ǰǽλӢӵŮĮʵҶһ
仰ҶһΪҲ֪ΪΣرעǰŮϻ龻ֳףڤڤ֮оãŮϱʲôϵ
˶٣Ҷȱ΢ЦҲܲ⣬ңΪ֪ڿǣ
㡭Ůӷ·û뵽ҶȻ˻ش
˵ĺ
󲻿Եӣڻڣ·ÿһֶԣѡ
Ҷ׵֮ҲǣΪλῴң
ѵ˻Сֵ³ȥһۣ
Ҳ֮ã
ƺż仰ŶҶλؿͨȴ̺ص꣬ͬһ㣬˭Ҳ֮󲢼뿪̻ᡣ
̻Ա߸պһҲ¥˽֮ѡһȽľĽ䡣
ΪŮŲӣȻ󼸷ԼŮΪģһĻҶȿһõĻΪǾһɾ£ôڷԶĻ֮С
󣬰ʵ̨֪γƺ
ҶȣأҶȺڣŵ

΢΢һԱŮҲǶ࿴һۣƺһ͸Ųһ˼ЦЦ¡š
ţ
ҶǾ棬šͨģšһơ
ٳţҲ˽ǴŽһ
ҶȵңҶȵȭ
Ҳȭ˫һ໥ʶ
ҶСμӻ𣿡üͷ壺¶βμ֮սй˽⡭
ǸϹ֣ǵ·ˣ֣µ÷ֵϣӵһǿĪЩӦֵ֮ܵʵѾԤ֪ĸ߶ȣ
⡭λشҶֵǶ߻ۣ̻һ۽ӴʵҶѿԷĲǲǣ
ηԵøֱӣ԰λŮӣһֱδйĶԶԷΪġ
ʵһҲڵһۣоһصϢ·ָʶָоô˵áʵҲܼ򵥣ڤڤ֮һָ̣ң
ʵȥ̻ᣬҲǱűȥ֪ҶС಻ţҲǾ̻֮УĳϢңҶСܣ
Ե֡
Եɲ⡭
˶ʱٴαȭ¶ĵЦݡ
ҶûЦɣֺʵǷֵܲμӻİɣǲμӣѾ
룺ֻþûһߣ֣Ӻܾÿʼ֮սѳΪ˹עĴ£ҲܴϧûлЩŽ֣˵Ѿܾû˶
˶ˣ˵ʵڵģҲһʼįˣЩ棬ĽѣȻͬʱһźѡطһ
𣿡
һȫû뵽ҶȻͻأĽ顣
˰ɣԱһֱŮӣĮؿҶȡ
ĮԼƺڸҶȣŶ֣ҪΪҶûʸŽ֣ҪûκαҪΪҶȲǷŵĶ֡
Ҳڰ֣ԣԣˡǿ棬Ϣ֮УһֺܸӵĻϢ
֣ĻЩƷǾֹ˵ʲôҶȾĻȻᵽʡ
ʣⲻǿЦ𣿴δиˣܿ͸ӵʵܣƺƫƫ漣
ʱҶȵЦݺΣкųΪ֮ˮѣȴΪԼܣֲòαһ档
ŵܳΪŵʿٶӵһЩ治ܹ⿿ˣʱʱõԼ춯صķҪǧأһ㣬¿ѰʿǾǾʲôһЩӵʿѰһҲܻΪ棡
Ҷȣû޳ɣҲδԣ뵽ٵľ㵭Ӧһ䣺ûо
Ҳ޳㣬ϵ඼֤ҵĹ۵㣬̨㿴
ʱźȻʾҶȿһʢˮĲ豭
һ豭ʲôÿģ
ɻ󣬵Ŵӿʼ֣ڶһĪӣĪһͨˮܰʲô
Ż̧ұۣźϸؿ˿豭ʳָȻڲ豭صȥ
ˣ
豭΢΢ҡһ£ֻϸ΢ĶȴȫҶȵעֻ˲ϢӾͳ𺳡
ΪͨĲ豭ڷһ֮󣬾Ȼǲˮ֮Уһ磬һأɽˮڷУؼУҶȾȻӦʵĴԼ
Ҳ˵ССͨ豭˲ͱһʵ硣
£
˿̣Χ˶ڶҶⷽͣΪУҶȶʼһ۾գ£һ豭һԣ磬ƺֻв豭Ĵڡ
磬ֻһʿΪ˸߿
½ĸ߿գŮӸ·أƺؿҶȣȻϵĲ豭ŮԵʮֺ档
ҡҡͷһĥı飺Ҳ˵ܸӦڣʵϢһֹһ֣
һˣôӵʣ
ţڣһӦʣأϢңкܶ෽棬ܸоҶȣĳһ죬Ϊ˵ɻȱ


2251 
ر𣿡Ůӻǲš
޷֮ͣټģȻСػɳ¶˶꣬ôϣߵҵߣ
񷣬ǷĿ֮ǹ¶ŮһֱԱ߰οţһ֮󣬶ƿնȥ
¥
һˮ˲ܱһʵ磡
䣬ҶɴĲ豭ķޡԼ棬ǺεȵĴͨ
⻹ȻǣԷŵѾﵽΪĵز֮䣬ܰһͨˮһ磬ѾģԪʼҲǻ
ͨ˲һ˾޴
ýӡ󷨣ֻ˲һ㣬
֡
ҶԼ֪жã̧ͷһǰзŮӵӰƺƾʧһ㣬Ҷ޷ŵǣҲûжӣҲֻһˮ
ƺӽ¥һ̣ҶȾǶһˣͻȻͷԼŵͷѵղһжλãܣŮӵϢѾںһЩⲻǻû
ǰһף˵Ƕ˴δֹһ
ͨ
Ҷ߬߬ȭͷΧѾ仯ͨˮĲ豭Ȼ󾲾ػšŮһһĻԽо̫򵥣һʿΪ϶ǻ񣬶һǻ֮У޷Ĵڡ
ĳֹȻҶǰϢʧֵǴδֹһĻҶȵΪԼӦ˽£ʥǿߣҲϢȥɡ
ֻһֽͣŵΪʵҪԶԶ߳ʥ˲һ豭Ϊһ磬ֱǻ֮еġ񡱣ӵеǿκεط޼ɵĴڡ
ǰף
˰ɡ
ԺֳŮӽ˵Ψһһ仰ʱһ룬ŮֹŶΪҶ룬Ҳ̹ȻΪûнֱҪΪȫһ硣
ţ㵽Ǻηʥ
ҶȾþ޷ĬĬ뿪¥ɽȥ
ɽͷŸӦܿ΢΢ӦԪϢһɽһɽ֮УԪϢͷţΧһЩǿѲߡ
Ȼɽǿ߾ۼ֮ء
Ҷͨ˽⣬֪Ԫ֮ս֮ǰǲ뿪ɽʱûпĿܣֻǱΧȴᡣ
ݷ֮УҶҲʼ߽λ۷塭

һδ֪ĵռ䣬ȸ֣һЩͬɽһӴڴ֮бš
һ޴ĳǳǳ״һȥͬ硣
Թɱ֮ںϵ֮УγɿµķУ԰κ˺顣
ǳ֮УһԹΪģĳǳء
һɫ֮УֻϷҶȵķ棬΢ŵ˫ۣΧǲǳһֺ򵥣֮֮󣬾ȻԶʧ
ŷһδεĺЩŲڣͻȻʧ
̫
֮кķۣͬʱԵصߡūҲȻһԣͬʵˣʱ̵ȴ
һ֣һɺ֮Ȼ˲俪ʼӿһ̰ȫ⣬Ҳܵκѹȡ
ˣ̫ǵ֮һ治Ϊ˻ƿ˾ˣΪҲδūһĻ쳣𺳡
Ҳ֪һ棬
˶٣쳣ĸӣūʮ˲ʮ߲ɹͨʱˣұȥһʮ˲һΪںϺڰһ滹ȥһõĳŵ
Ԫʼ񣬽ʮ˲Ҫ־Ͽɣ磬û־ɣҲ޷ģūƿعһЩʮ˲ĳЩͨףҪȥʮ˲ԨǴ˵֮еġڤ֮ܲף
кβף
ڤ֮һ磬Ҳһ磬ǵ磬ƽеģǸ߶ȻǴﲻ죬ҵĴ˵֮Уڤ֮κ˶ܽ룬˵Ҳֻǽ뼸ΰˣΪܽڤ֮ūҲףڵΪҪڤ֮ʵڲܣǵĽأ治֪жգ
ֻҪһͨػͨܽڤ֮ˣȥڤ֮˽ͷǷݳŵȥںϺڰ
⡭ںػ̤񣬶ƿصһЩط򣬾Ҳ޷׶ԸˣڵԪʼݽĻ
ū˫ȥ˫ۣ͸һݵġ
Ҫǵ£˵ȥ׼һ£
ӻ֣ūû˵ʲô
ʱūӿ͸ǰõڰ񴫳еˣһԪʼΪģǴ˵֮еĽء
ã
һɫսףƯڰգԳһƣܿū·ؽֳ֮˫һᣬſΧ֮һŻȻֳ
ˣʮ߲ͨʮ˲ĵ֮ţֻʮ˲ߣƿص֮ţ
ū˵ָ꣬һϵŻ붼û룬˲Ϣ̤С
ҲǺ䣬һںڰӿһŻ֣ūŷһ籣£ʮ˲һ磬Ҳǵǿе硣
ʮ˲磬ȱ˵Щжǿ󣬾Ǵκεʶ̲ѣﵽԪʼ߶ȣ񣬻Ҫǲܵġ
Ŀʼ˵ĵѹҲʼӿūκεѹơ
֮ء
һԵū벻ǰͨϣӵŶ˵Ϊϵķκεķûκô
Զʮ٣ӵԶ
ڴ߶ʮ٣ĺڰ֮У޼˻׵ϢΪҲһЩ̫⣬ڽ룬һ׳Ĵȥǽ𵤵Ψһڣ֦ҶïһҶԲΣÿһƬҶ֮Уеľ
һ֮ѹƷĵȻʧȻһūū֮лعԦڰ粻Ϸȥ
㡭Ҫ𣿡
ʮ˲磬Ǻڰ֮Уûһ˿Ĺ󣬱缸Ǳ״̬һλʮ߰Ůӱ֮в߳һԵüΪأͬѰռҵŮӴࡣ
ŮüĿ续ףˮļƺһ¾Ƶ˶ò֮£Ů¶ѩڻЦݡ
Ůδ߳磬̧ͷϷ޾ɫʱգƯ

ū֮£粻ϴһʱգʮ˲ūڰĴڣڵãﵽĪʮ˲Щ̲ƵĽʱȻԶС
ϵ˭Ҳ֪ĵطһ޷硣
Լ꣬Ŵʮ˲̡Ľ磬·˵ľͷΪ·һȫûйһı硣


2252 ڤ֮ټ
ˣǴĵ磬Щ綼ǵΰ̫ڤͷõģūӵ˵ӵһЩƿͨҲ
ū·ûĺڰ磬ɵ¶־㵣ڣõһЩͷ˽ԽҲŹǣū˵ĸߣҲܳԽķ򡣡
ȥɣңȴ˿ں֮ͫУȻһɺ֮
˴Сģ
ūʵûа취Ѿ޷ı䣬ת߿һ̵ĵ硣
һ·Ǻڰ磬ʱµĺ֮ѹȶ߶һĵ⣬Щ׷ںϡ
оʮ˲ҲûκֹĲ
ڰ֮ǰһоǵľͷ޷ݣľͷκ޷̤ġ
طҽ£оͷֹ
ȴãؽӡ˫ôľ⣬ֻ˫ƴָָ⣬Ȼһɫĸ룬·ʶԶؽӴǵڰ磬Ȼ׵սһڶǺڰ

һ̤룬ڰ·ʧȥǼ̷׾پ̤֮С
һλûͬǺڰǷѾȫ⣬ȫǺڰӡ֮У֮еϢǵΪ
ʱ˿̣޷һ£ܣΪȫǺռ죬񱻱档
̫
Լûã߶ʮٵ뵽ʲô˲Ϣ˫ͫȻӿһɹɹϵϢ
֪⺮ϢǰϢȻͬһӿ֮󣬷㿪ʼΧںϵĺӿһͽƣ𽥵һ
ǡ
̫ˣûйûԷ˵ϰߵһУûжٲӦľֹ˺ܾãҲ֪ʲôطˣ֮ǰı֮Уһ̨
̨Ҳúɣڼ̨֮һϵĹĹǰһĹòԾĴһ޷ĥġ
ΰͳ조ս𡱡
ս𣡡
˫üʱ֮־ǵϵһλͳ֮һսĴڻ˺ڰ񣬼̫ڤǸʱڵߣĴ˵ÿһУ벻ȥľͷ֮ȴ
ս̫ڤĲĹ΢΢ףԴ˱ʾԶžͷľ⡣
硭ԹŲ֪ٴɱսЩҺʥû˿ϵҾң֮У־ҲںϵҲԸĳһٴչս
֮ɫǰȥһ̾ڤ֮ڤ֮ѵҲǵԶžͷ֮أ
֮һڱ֮еĹֶ
Ԩ֮
Ҳ֪ٴףҰһ̾Ԩʮ˲ңһϵʱգĵ߾Ԩ֮벻Ҳڴˡ
ĹÿһĹĶǵԶŴܣҲЩĬĬŵĹܰضǵǿߡ
ˡ
һƬʲôûеʱգҪͷŸӦ֪ΧռͻȻ䣬һ𺮱ֱһ
ڰ
̫ͻȻƴʶ߶ͨһֳ˫۸߸߾ӭľƣɲһƵײը˳һѪ
̧ͷһǾ޴ûٴι˼޷Ҫ֣޷⡣
ѵڤ֮ػߣ
ڴʱһŮش֮дҶȣˣҳɳ˸߶ȣķҲ޷㣡
¶һľ㵣
ڤ֮УӦҵĴڣŮԺ⡣
һˣǱʮѡеĴߣʮ£ʮ˲Ҫϣ˵̫ڤЩԶŴͬʱĴڣҵıԴ֮أֻҪ߶ʮ٣ԪʼҲûɱң
Ҷȣӵǿ֮ģ
УҲǱԲҪԱƺңǺʥҲǵߣȡ̫ڤ
겻ıûһȡ̫ڤɫ治֪ߵغ񡭡
ͻȻһ
һΣûκ׼ֵӣƯۿžҪ
ᣡ
ҲͻأͣȻ޾Ȼһģһ࣬һµŮֶ
ǵڤߵŮȥǸЩƤĻģ
ߣ
£ǰƳһߵǲףҵһΪλѡ㣬ӵһۣҶסҼС㶼ûѡ
ɫָƽʱǰ͸һݹģС㻹𣿡
ϴεڣһֱڳ˯֮Уûа취硢ɽ硢ﶼûǵֻ֮ڤ̫֮ڤĽƿռ䣬ԼЩͷǣȻС޷õƽ
СȻڳ˯ΪҴӱõСӡϢŲΪߣ·С֮жԻһ㣿
Сʲôݣ̫ڤС̫ڤΨһµѪھף̫ڤ֮⣬Сǵ֮ڶףֻҪڵСʱʱ̸̿Ӧ㣬С㵱ӡע뱾Ҷȵ֮УԴĳ˵㡢С꣬ѾԶһֻҪڵܸӦСĴڣ
̫ôһ£̫ڤľΪλͻȻҵԺ
ӦСǱʶҪͨǲƿ̫ϢͷĿӣ֪ʮ٣ʮҪҲһЩϾ㻹ûʮ٣Ҳδ統ǰ㣬ںϵıԴ˵ĺܣϼԼˣûж̫ģˡ
ںʮ٣ǵõ־ϿɵĴڣСҲǴߣҴĳ϶ԣҲǴߣ
ߣһ󲻼ɣ
ͷͻȻһҵ㣬ҶȵķʥǱʮ־ɵġʥ
𣿡ش⡣
Ȼ𣬴Զľͷһֱʮ٣Զڵ뷲硢ɽ硢֮Уϧʮ̫ǿ̫ڤҲ޷ܿƵĻ̫ڤĵٲ㣬ǸӼ̣Ӿ޴󣬶ҿʮ֮ϣʮ㲻硣㣬ʮٵ־Ȼ֪ģȻƣ־пٴο㣬Ϊӵ壬ͳĿܣ
ûôذɣˣҡҡͷƾһЦЦ֮УǱʲô


2253 ¶ػ
ֲС㣬˭㣡
죬ڰΨһĺڰ顣
ȥС𣿡
ڰһֹĴҲʧȥ壬һԻһɡ
ͷȻ˫⻮һĻߣգۻûѩ񣬲ȥ󷽣ǰ·𽥶һŤĹ
Ϊ˵ҲһЩԭЩռĺͬһӯ
һ޴ɫ̨Ưڤ֮롣
ɫ̨ԼɣΧıѼ̨߸ߵԶģһǰ̨·
̨һƱӰʲôеȨƣѾڤ֮ƿء
Īǡ
ԶԶЩģӰĿɹž޲ͻȻ־ıԴ־ڿߣԶŵ󣬶ߡֻһӵ̫֮ڤ
̫ڤ
ʮ˲֮ˣԶŴ֮еǿߣڵ޾磬ʮ˲磬Ǻ䲻ͨ
Զ̫֮ڤѵ
ѩֻΪ״̬㵵һʣô֪̫ڤ׵Ĺ
ѵϻеڶˣԵõ֮Ĺ𣿡
ҿڵʮ٣о̫ڤ־ڲڲɣƳһۣתǰǼ̨ʱ𽥱ڤ֮ǵĽأΪԶĹ԰ͬҲ̫ڤ׵Ĺڣ䵽ڣˣʮˣڰ˱һλ
ĬĮ̨֮֮̆£񣬷ĿȻĹ񣬿һӡ
ӺƽƯĹ룬־Լĺڰۣȥֻ˯ŶѣƺʱѹƯ´ŵԴ־ŨϢûκϢֻ־â
˭뵽磬ʮ˲̫ڤһλˣ
֮࣬ͨϸϸ۲̫ڤòڤ߷񣬺ڤ̫ڤѪ
þ֮У֮Уλʮ˲ף﷢ĵľ⡣
С
̫ڤָ֮Ĺ󷽡
ǰȥĹһƬռ䣬ֻǺڰĿռ֮Уһ¶Ӱһź֮ϣ֮һ̺־ķ˷ӡ¾ǺڰˣҲ޷
һǰСһֱ˯ܵͷԸС㲻ϣԶŲ̫ڤףԶЩ׷ţ
š
ǺڰĿռ䣬ռ֮⣬ͱǵ־ķӡ赲⡣
־ӡ¶ɫѵ֪ӵʮ٣ͬԴ־ô߶СӡԼ̫ϢõС־ϿɣſڲСǰ£У
̫С㣬ҰյԼϣٴλˣңʵŵԣһ
ͷһ΢˫Ȼ־ӡ
߳߳
ո־ӡһɻѷֱиһѪۣӿʱͻȻ־ͻȻʧ÷˳һ̤ڰռ֮С
ɲϤĺ䣬Ѿһֱ˵š
ÿһܳأһһƯı𽥵ؼһλŮӣ档
ڤ
С㣡
Աߣӳ˯֮еڤһĵϢͷţ걾³ŵҲ뵽һᵮϣΪʮںߣҴ֮У˵źڰұȱ׺ΪˣΪұȱӶ㣬Ӵ˾뱾־һֱ㣡
㣡
˯֮еڤܵͷŵϢȻΧĺʼٻ־ӡʧ
ڤһ̣˫ۣİ뾪ȵŷ
С㣡ֶæոѵڤ֮󣬵ԣо˯һṦ
ѵȴˣ㣿
ڤһֱŷʮ٣Ҹ޷ѹƵȴѾںϵ̶ֳȣõڰĴУӵ֮Ĵıڵõ־Ͽɣܵõʮ٣ҵδ
̾Ҳʮ־ļԦߣ
ڤûһЦݣЩѪɫЩ԰ףȴһЦΪҲǵõ־Ͽ֮ˣҵĸԼ֮ҲִڣǲܳΪʱǿĴڣ־ʹǻ־ѡ㣬ĽĳɾͣᳬҵĸˣΪε㱾ǿ̣ҸоһͬԴĴֱԹ֮񴫳ų⣬˭ıͨУὫ㵮˵ѵıΪâڰĶԶ޷ཻȥԻ־Ű㽵ϣ
Ҳ֪˵ΨҪһǱһ㣬ΪһֱҪС㻽ѵǱʶҵǱʶӡҵϣ
ˡ
ŷ˵꣬ͻȻΧһ
࣬ҲԤʾʲôϢڿδڣڤ΢΢ףˣ

һΧʱգռ䴫
תĺȵԭۣ״̿ɲף
ʱһԪӰ𽥵ؽ棺ߣղеİϢİɣ֪Щͷʿ⣬κ˲̤ڤ֮
ӰȻǵҶǰһ֣ͻʱյˣ
ֻǴʱ𣬲ʱǰأΪأһƲ֪жǿ󣬶¶Ϣ
ԭ۵üѵǸ˴С˯Ŀռ䣿ٽ˴㲻
𣡡
Ӧ˵ˣԼԪͷųȥΪһԪӰɳռ䣬ʱԭ档
ޱһɨС࣡
ͻȻͷų˵İңҵȷСԭǵߣֻһͨʿȻȲ㣬ҲϻȥĿģػС㣬ӴľͷĪ̤ڤ֮С㣬Ҳ
֪ǵߣ㻹ֿ뱾˵ԭ۲ȻһŭǵĴͷ
˵ø֪ЩͷСԸȥȻȥνС㣬õĳһ죬һǳͷ
ಣ
˵꣬ԪӰռ䡣
Բѣ
ԭͻȻһץȥϧ̫Сץȥ֮ʲôҲûУֻǰǱ־ӡ硣
ӡ֮˵һԭۣʮҲ޷ǵԴֻǵһͷ
ͨ
ʱ˭Ҳ벻ףԭ۾Ȼݣ˫ϥ£ռͷü⡣


2254 ľ
Ǻοࣿڤ˿Ӷռ䴫
С㣬֪Ѿѡ
ԭۼæվ˫ͫޱȵâСȥص
ҸΪս˶䣬ʱһֱߣ־Ǽսȥ̲磬ϣʹԶʱոǵ淨򣬺αҪָȾʱգΪսж䣿
С㣬ѣһ硢ɽ硢ʱ̣֮УͷӼԪ֮ǰ£ΪС㲻ԸЩͷ˽¿ʼжչƻ
ôꡭҶô꣬Ӹ䵽ڣʮԪȥǾҪʲô
ԼԸһͳ磬Щ߸ϣΪ׵ǽ£ԹһδսɱǶٵǰЩѪǲܲ
ҲһӪ
С㡭
ڤʳ⣬ոջѪڣһɱƵԭۣͻȻһüᡣ
Ȼش𣺡ʲôʱĸԪԶֻС㣬Сδξ𶼻վСһС㣬ЩͷĽŲֹϾСһƵСЩϹŶһһ䡭
кܶϹŶ֧С𣿡ŭʵ
ʱôȥЩѾıӪΪƱˣǵ磬Ǿǻ𣡡
ڤ֣ȥɣһú롭
棬Сⶨȥ飡
ԭǻޱȾ⣬繪ȻԪӰ𽥻ûӶŤεʧ
ռ֮УżڤҲ˵С㣬в㣡
ڤҡͷ΢΢ﶯɢˣڱңʽڱң˯ô𣿿ڤ֮Ҳƽ
ѣô£һֱĬеķҲվʵ
طһδֻأͿ쵽Ԫĩڣ
ԪĩڣһδμԪ䡢棬Ƕͨ󣬶Դ󲿷˵вȹԪ¸Ԫȥкβף
μԪ֪ͬ絽ڣһ˶ٸԪ
ӦʮԪɣ
׼ȷ˵һʮһԪ䣬ʮһԪӵһԪĽĻļţپһԪԶŴŻѪѾ֪֮䣬ӵһԪʮһԪҲļԪ
ļԪ
һüɻ
ڤ˫ͫؿϿգڵϿͻȻŤֳһĻ貵Ļ
ĻͻȻŵ֣ѷĿ⣬ȥ̼˲˼ͨڤʵͳĸ߶ȡ
ڤĿ⣬Լһ̾Ϣ֮ʵһҲһڣҲһʮһԪôžŹһžŹһǹ棬֮УԸܵžŹķڣ硢磬ԾžŹȷģ˼ĻʵǾʿľ磬ÿһоŴݣɽҲǾ졭
žŹ桭
ȷ̫ϤˣԷȻ˽⵽һ㣬벻֮ȻҲˣʱ䣬޾ԵøӺأΪλˣ
žŹ棬ž֮ѣǾž֮ҵĸżȻᵽһ֮ߵһԪڵ޴ʱգӭһ޷Ĵ٣֮Уǵ硢ɽ绹磬пܳ׻𣬾Ǵ죬Ҳס֮٣ʱ޾ԪڣҲڼԪĩڣûԤϣûƿ֮٣ϵԤԣ˵ֻǴ˵ԶŴ񣬶һһţı仯Ҳӡ֤һ㣡
кα仯
ҲıѾ׽һϾõ֮ĴУҿǡߡ
ߣ𣿡
ǣʱ֮У鼯Ϊһӣѡ˴ߣ˾ߣԶŴ֪Ĵڣʣ޷㱾ͬʱõ֮ҵڰĴһϣ֤㣬֮䣬ôܻͬʱӵкڰˣ
ǿͣĵҲҵĵϣʶģ
Ӧ޷ȷ޷뱾ֿںʮٵ㳹״˵ıȻ磬
ڤ˵ͻȻӷҪůʵԸң
ԥػش𣺡Ը⣬Ǳ𣬲뱾ŵԣǵĹѾֲȥڵԣԸΪĺڰһ棬ػ㣡
ǽںϡڤ¶ж΢ЦһҲһԶڻ
Ҫںϣվ޷ġ
ҽпҵߣȻֵյٴηսʱ뱾ֵ𣿡
ʵҴδ뱾
𣿡ڤ㵵ӷ
Ǳķӵб̵֮ʶӹԶϿɱôһ죬սһ뱾뵽һ취һҡ㶼ܵİ취
ı𶼲򵥣ϣ㾡ںϺڰʱʮֲյԴػڴȥʮ֮ؿһ
С㣬һ뿪ڤ֮޷ЩͷĿӡ
˵
ʼջôԪȥڶܣʵڵȴʱȴԸı˵֡
ʱ˿̣ڤԷصͷ֮󣬷ߣռһȥ
Ǻܵģûа취֮Ҳȥ
磬ĳһʱ֮С
лЯ֮
֮У̫ʹϷ£ͷ
൭ЦһᣬȻѳںֻ֮ţϲ㣬յõֻ񼣣һ
̫ʹʣô죿
ô죿ӵ֮ǰͿʼƻһĸһϸƻţʼֱ֮׷ɱ˵޷ȴӵģ̫Ͼһصռ䣬ٵһ񼣡ֻ񼣵ȵȵȫƿأƻһټ㴦ĻǣĻʱܴﵽʵ걾䣬˵Ȳѣڱ䲻һ̣һּıʱҵȷâ̫ʢ˶жңѰң״̬£Ҳܽ죬ܵõ񼣣
죬;Ҫ湬ĴǴıЩ֮ҲȲϣ
ȻûͷЩ֮ȷǰ޹˺ߣӷһ棬̤ɽ磬̤磬Ϊ˷ţǰ䣬ֱڣھ񼣸һÿһ쳣ҪǵջΪӣ
ųȼյĿ⣬Ϸһص־Ѿ֮


2255 Ԫս޳
̫ţɽ
֪֮䣬ǧȥ
˽λᡭ
ɽңԶһɽ֮УҶھ֮УʱȼյĽ
һӡʩչ˫ֶʱʮȻ۵һ⣬˿̣нڰ˿ԴѾɹ
ͻ߽λ̤˽λ
оĺܣнҲۺˡ
ڰ˿ԨͬʱҲ𵤣н𵤣Ҷص㣬ΪҪΪߣн𵤵ǰɹڰŽںϵĴڣ˲Ǵںϡ
Ҷ̤ھ˵ļ֮ϣʼԼʣߣһɹҶȽͨУΪߵš
ÿ˶Լ룬ҶҲΪߣǿԼУǶᡣ
Ȼн𵤣ķԼκηӡȻԲΪ룬֮֮ںϣҶȸ׵Ӥ
ڹؼʱ̤˽λ񡭡ԪԽԽξҲŹ㣬ɽ׷ɱҲν
ѾʼʵһҶѾȲѹԪȳ纺ͬʱõ콣
ҪԪͷˮһգʲôҲòҪ˶صĴۡ
Լ󣬲ɣҶҲþϣȫʵѴﵽ˽λ߶ȣڵʵӹӵи߽λԪʼ񣬵ƾʵԪĶֶ֣ͨΣֻҪץסʱȻôһ߻ᡣ
ɽҶָӦʥɳǵǿߵϢʱĻɽΧѾǿߣǵῡܡ
Ȼеٮٮߣڻɽ֮Уһɽ֮ϵ̨ԼһɹɱϾ£
ҶȶԣֻںԪڵ̨ͨ˽⣬֪ԪĶ֣һľţ޳ۡ
޳һʵ޳ţǵ޳֮УΪﵽŽλԪʼ֮Уǿһ𣬹ʴ˴޳ţμӻ֮սһսɾ޷
Ԫ޳Ϊ࣬ʵҲӦ󣬾Ϳкʤؼ
òʯɽ̨սʸҶֱ̨һ˺֮еȴš
̨Լɽһٶǿߣ׼ţһ޳ŵǿߣڽܹ׼š
һʱ䡭
ڼ䣬ҶȰͷ֪̽Ԫһһͬʱ֪Ԫ޳۶ڼȽ֮УϾ˭ҪһأпܽⲻǱݡλɱ
һֱ֮ʮλʤߣл֮Уõʷ֮С
Ǽȥÿһ̨̫ŵʹߣɽһӱüž
̫ǻĲ뷽µ췽˵棬̨ԼһЩϸ֮󣬾ÿһ̨λʹ߸ලȻսʿ񣬵ȴʼ
ɽԪ
޳Ź˳磡
ʹ̨磬̨࣬Ŀ£Ԫ޳һҰ֮С
˾֮ӣĽʣԼôһ죬Ҳ̨̤֮ϡ
ϧҪμӻ񣬿Ǿ˧ѡģ˶μӣֻа˿̨̤
Ԫ޳ۣϸӦúܶκ֮乥ֶΣҪڻǵţʵõϿɣǲʸվ۷壡
һʹߺɽ޳ŵκӣƿ̨磬պȵ
ǣ
Ԫ޳۵Ӧ
Ԫ벻һɣ
Ⱥ֮УҶ䰵Ц۵޳ۣðԪУܾҲԡ
޳Ԫһս޳۵Ҷеӡ

̨֮Уĺ֮𵴶
ʯ䣬̨֮УԪһ۵޳ͷŴﵽԪʼ۷ƣɱ
ԪʼжֲһλԪʼ񣬷Ļκһһʽ񶼲⣬ĪаӶһ½һ
Ԫ޳۶ǴﵽԪ۷ռ֣˻磬ߣԪţֳһ㣬̨֮ڣƶɱκεͽλԪʼ
̫ˣҲ̨֮УֲסһҪһ³֮£ʮҶԪ֣֮սպõĻᣬ޳ʵ൱ɱȥҪʤȻҪشۣʱͳһ棡
̨֮еսһĻĻǾĶǣҶҲʼԪͨ׼
Ԫʲô£
̨֮У׷ӡͬ챩꣬Ӱ
һ۵޳ϷĮһаЦݣϴ߶΢΢źڰâӡ·Ԫ
̨ǿѹĽ磬Ƭɽֽ֮¡
ӥ֣֮
޳۹̫ԵԪҲǳصģ֮ͻȻһâΪָӡЩָӡȻӥצһ㣬Ԫϰգָӡ޳ۡ
ҲԦӡɱ̨֮УָӡԼӡɱ
̨磬˶·Ƿڵһˮѹǳ忪
ΧĴʹߣҲоЩֿ̨磬ͬѹޣ˵Ԫ޳ڲɱӰȡ
׷
һȥ꣬Ԫ޳̨֮УĴھѶԷܣƾС
޳ͻȻ䣬һڣԪץסһɱ޳ۿ޷ܣһ޳ʼŤ
ã
Ԫһ֮оκƷֹͣƫƫһ̣Χʮ޳ۣÿһ޳׹⣬ȭ֮ʣȫ׹Ϊ
ʥɽ֮
ֻз
Ԫ֪޳һУƺõģȻҲǻģԴ߶ķһԶŴɽķ
䣡
޳۵ʮԦ׹ȭʥɽ֮ϡ
Ǿɽǿķͨ
̨֮⣬ſ޷žʽ˶̾ԪĲ
Ԫһֱڰ״̬ͻȻ䣬˫ƳһâɽƷƣ
ͻͻͻ
֪Ʒޱȣ޳ۼ
óɽĴͨ𣿺ã㳢޳ŵĴͨ޳οգ
ֻ޳۱𿪣ǻǱ漸ÿһȻ𣬻Ť
Ǿ޳ǿĴͨ޳ο̫ͨ죬˷ʤ
Ŷھ̾
֮
ݣ
ԪոɱûüɿͻȻΧǿµĻӰһбǰ͵Ľ
µֱͨ޷޷ҵ޳ںδδƺΧһжƿĹ֮С
޳οգȷһŴͨǻʩչֱ˿κϣ˻ǻ𡭡
ҶҲһ̾Ϣ޳ŵ޳οգȻǿޱȣκθԴڴ칥ûĸӦ޼᲻ݵ޷ֿ


2256 ԪҪ
޳ֳĪ⣬ǧ򻯵Ŀͨǽ̳Ѿûзܡ

֪ԪΨһѡӦǷƺٴ޳ʩչ˴ͨȻ׼ǿֻз˵벻Ľ
Ͻ
ĿУԪʼӡ·Ҫʩչһ־ͨӡȫı䡣
СģӦɽĽ
̨һ޳ŵǿߣ·ɽʮ˽⣬һԪӡĸɫء
ˡ
һɱԪһмѾķϣҪѡ
֮ԪĻͻȻӿһɰӰɵӰǰӿͬӰӣⰵӰȻһͷģ쳣ۻ롣
͡
ΰӰٴα仯ΪӰ״̬˷ɱĽײһǰӰȻֵܵ
Ԫɱ
޳ۿҲ⣬ͨǿߣⳡͽ֪Խң޷
ҵĻҲˣ
޳ЦЦĿͻԼֵ⣺ûֶΣڻԪŰɣ
ƻĵ
һɹͻȻ޳۽ӡ֮Уͷŵںһ𣬻Ϊ޵âӿΧ֮У޳ۿʼص߶ʲô
ɹˣ
޳οչ֮еԪϽз֪ƺΧĽ飬
¶һݼ
ΧǿߵУһĻȫһ޳۵ĹȻңԪķڲ
޳۶ѹ׵ֶΣƺǱʶ֮У˵ĵģӶﵽһֻþʵ״̬һͨȻᱻǰһĻԻ󣡡
ҶЦˣߣ޳һֽӡھʱûˣԪпҪ޳УǲҰܡ
ԪʱڵˣҲô
˵ӽԪٶԽԽ޳ͻȻץһ֪õĽݺݵһ֮ͻأԪ
գۣ޳ֳֽѾɱԪǰЦˣ
ͣ
ƺΪԪ޳Ӱĵͨû˿Ӧš
޳Цˣһ޳ŸֶЦˡ
룡
Ԫһ㣬˫ѪصҪնɱ޳ۣͻȻ䣬˫һᣬԷĽһִ
ͣ
һзչȥ޳ǱػսʤԪģɹߣ֪Ԫ֮ǰΰӰͻȻûԪģ޳ۺ󷽣ָħץ޳۵ĺ󱳡
ָԪеƺһֱڰָץ޳۷һѪָȻͨ޳۵ţָǻһˣҲԪǰץʱָ֮УȻ޳ۻࡣ
Ҫɱң䣡䡣
޳ˣ߿Ѫæɿǿ־Ԫ

̨Χһӱ˾̾Ȼֽ
޳Щ֮ǰкõĸ֣ʱȴ׻УһЩ߿ʼĴʹ
һʹߵХԪձأֻҪһ䣬ͲɱԷ
޳ٴβݣĵǣǣǣԪ䣬죬໹ң
ȻйأԪɱ޳ۣҺһ㣬Ǳŭռͷԣ̨Ŀġ
޳ۣãûĶ
Ԫ˺Ȼ˫ַֿģİӰʧ޳ۼæץסȼྐྵȻѹ֮УԪǽĴڣȻԪʼױɱһѪԸһ²ɡ
ԪȴǿʵҪɱԪһɱ֣޳һϢȫᱻɱ˵һѪ޷ǿ
Ԫʤǧ֮ڶ̭
Ĵʹֳ̨Ҳʧ޳ɽַ׷׳Уơ
޳ۣǰҶһæԺлᣬһỹģ
ҶȶĸӦѾӦԪҲ״̬޳۵ıɱ˵࣬Լ٣Լ壬ԪĲѾһͷϻ
ɱ
Ҷ޷סʱһ̨̤ɽֶף֮У˶޷֮£նɱԪҲõĻᡣ
ΧĴʹߣԼɽǿߣòͷɽмľͷǰɱԪҶҲ޷ؼҪԪʬߣڿͬʱ콣Լ纺
̣
ȥ
𽥿ɽӪܿһЩţΧɽΧ
ʦҵڼˣӣ
ʩչߣҶɽӪ룬Ԫ
һżӦʱһ̣ΪʦȵȻΪˣ
˵֮󣬺ܿɽĸ־ͰѲΧ۵Ȱˣ뽥һ磬ʮּ̣ǻ񼶱Ľ硣
ҶȿʼΧѰһᣬ𽥼Χ̨ЩѾֳʤ̨ʹ߸պ뿪Χûκʹ߳֡
ˡ취
ʧ
ҶͻȻ¶صЦݣ߶ͨŴǧͼ޵뿪ȻҲһɽͷһעɽͷ
̫Ƽɣ
ʱҶȽӡ֮ͨ龻ְո̫ǿͷŵϢȻΪһˣ̫ŵһģһҶҲܿһŻۣϢҲ̫ᡣ
̫ŵӡˡ
ৣ
̫ʹ߷ǰ̨һЩΧżҶʹߣ׷ͶȥĿ⡣
ʹߣ
κҶΪʹߣֱӷɽӪ֮Уڶɽӷ׷
ͷŸ֮߰˷ɽǰҴʹųϣдҪѰ
ǣ
һɽӹ֮󣬴Ҷǰȥʣԭصȴ
ǰɽӽӡسϣʹ˵ش飡
һȣ
洫Ԫʦһϵߴ߳Ҷȱ׵֪ʹкҪ£
ֻǴʹţ˽ԪĽȻر棬Ҫλʹ߸𣡡ҶȲĻش
ȥǣ
Ҳδ룬ɫЩżһ˼Ԫƣָһ編ӡ䶯ˣҶȳûһУǰΪʹȥ
Ԫ
磬ҶһۼԪһ֮֮У֮⣬ҶȻɱȥ
ԪͷҶȣһ״̬˵ʹߣԭԪʧ񣡡
ҪҪ
ѾԪԣԪʱҶͻȻſͷɷһץԪͷ­
⡭ԪһѪɻҶȡ
ԪҪ
ಣ
һз̫죬̫ͻأԪ֪ҶҪʲôΪԷʹߣҲõǰһҶǳɱĻ󣬴ŤεѾҶָһâ֮С
꣬󣡡
ӡ֮Ҷԭʧ
䣡
ɻĽ磬ͻȻʱΪԪҶͻȻʧ·𴥶磬Ȼը


2257 ɽ̫ŵ׷ɱ
籬ըɲǣΧһЩɽӣ˲䱻ը飬ը֮νǾ춯ء
⣡
Ԫʦλճֱʱδߵ̫ʹǰȻͷԼľըҸӦκϢ
ֻϹŶ˲ķӦָһץ弴ʧʱָ֮Ѿڿռų
ȥѰԪ
ƿ壬´﷨Ȼ壬ɱ⣺̫šʲô֮սдڹڳ϶ڵӳ֣
ͬʱΧ̨·׷̫ͣʹ߾ۼ
̫ŵĴһֶл񣬿Ҳˣһ˴壺ֻһ壬سϣ
ԴĺȵҲô࣬ǸҵĵӲˣʮͽ˶֤̫ŵΪѵҪƱ磿
ΪҪԭ߾ѰԪ䣬Σ̫ʷа£δ£˭ڲΪҲһ
һ̫ŵľͷ͸Ŀ⡣
ȻϷķۡ
Ȼ˵ϣ߶Ȼ䣬ϣָ΢΢£ķӡһ룬Ȼ̫ŵϢͷų
̫žͷɫһ䣬ΧҲһ㵣øķӡַسϣҲˣһ̫ͨϢ壬ĿľԪ֣ھҪ֮˵ϢҳȻ̫ʩչƬʱոӦ֮˾ǻҲ޷ӹ
ȼգ
ŭɶһ峹ȼգһ̫ŵϢʧȻһâڵĻ֮С
Ϣ֮Ϊܵƣ˿سϣ½̫Űɣ
ԣϷѾ֪ͨɽɴָϹҪһͬѰҴ䣡
û⣬ȥŵĵ
ৣ
һھ֣׷׷񷡣
λΪа֮Ȼ򣬽ͣȺúϢ˶ﶼȥȴʹ֪ͨ
̫Ÿֳˣڻɽ߿գͷһģ֮ض
ΪôˣȻ˸ڻ֮£ˣ
αװɸµʹߣͻȻɽ֣˲ˣкҪĵӱˣ
ɽ֮սҪĴ£ʱ£ǲˣ
̣벻бȻ¸ֵ֣кϷˣ˭˵죿
ɽ˺ڿʼӿ۷׷ף߿յ̫ŵǿߣɱ֮
ʱ˾;̫ڵľ޴ʱգһɫĹϽ硣
̫žȻ߶˴Ľ磬ʷǴδйģҪѪ˸ҳ
һƬޱߵĽ֮⡣
Ȼӿֶǧɽǿߣлжʮڸ߿վۼܿʱ䣬̫ŵľͷҲ֣Ͽս翪ʼ
Ӧ˵ϢƺԼϰٴǴ˵Ϣڣ
һ̫ŵľͷӽ֮ץâȻâ׷׽ɽ
ȻҶɵĵӣ̫Ÿ֣һͬɱϰٴ꣬Ҫץģ
ǣ
ɽֵںȵֿ̫ŵĻͷԼʮͻȻӰʧȥ
ֻת˲
ͻͻͻ
½һƬԭգӰһ֣һƣ޾ĲԭȻͬʱߵƿͬʱƿطӡ
̫žͷ߳һͬӡһͫ¶һݾ㵣ϢֻǲƬԭ뿪
̫žͷƿƬԭʱͬʱɣܲģ̫ƿصʱȻ޴󣬵Ƕ֮ƿţ
䡭
һѹǰ޴ĲԭɽѵһĻľɽԭҰڱ޾޼˲ϢΪ˳쳾ڸ߿ﶯ
ǻ
̫żԼҴ½Ϊ棬Ȼŭ𣬿ɽĳϣλ̫ߣµȷ̫ŷֲϵװû
ಣ
ֵʧ
գۣ˾ȻһƬ׳ɽҲڳһ̣˲Ϣӡ·һƬɽûҵӰ
ţͷһѰȥ
Һж֮ǰͨôǧͼ̫Ŵ½֮УϢһȺӬֻΧתһͨ
ɽ
ɽ̫ŸֶΪ֮֮󼪣ʵȻҶڰʱ֮ǰ͵ϮԪƤӵ£Ԫѹ뿪һ̣ʵֻǻصȺ֮
ﶼûȥЩϢֻǰͨͷųȥİˣΪڻ֮ͨ£ԼϢأһ˿ټ
ڣҪ뿪̫ţЩǿ߻Ϣڵ꣬һһǻڴ֮УδͷŸĸӦ֮뿪½
ǧͼ
ɽΧɽ̫Ÿƣʿ޷뿪Ҷȴӵдǧͼ磬ٴ̫ţֻҪҶȾĵطôǧͼ¼ꡣ
ֻҪ뿪̫ڵʱգмӹɽ̫ŵĸӦ׷ɱ
߶ǧͼʼرԴںϿռ䣬Ϊޣ̫ŸƤӵ뿪ɽ
һʱձܿǿ߿ӣȻ߶ǧͼæ̫ʱձԵȥ
ٶԽԽ죬ԽԽˣ
֮ϡ
̫ŵӳҪֶΣҪ֮ץ
һ֮УһӰ
Ӱ·ƿ̫еĽ硣
̫Ŵεδ߶ʱմ󣬵ʲôˣܺ棬ܺ桭
Ӱһߣ߲򵥣һۣͷҲɫںϣɵϢȻĻɫҲĳ
ˣˣ֮ں˵Ϣȥ
߻˫ۣ֮Ż춯ֻɴɽʮԼ̫ʮϹ
һߣܿʩԭǰ
ƳףƱɰ̫ࣺصѣҲˣݣ̤֮սһ֤ĳɳҲ̫ŵ£ҰһҲ㣬ŲκιϵΪ˫ԼűػѴҳˣɽһ˵
δɹţͷǰˣɹޱȣ𲻷ߣѾ޷Ĵڡ
˻һֻˣ˲򵥣һĿռͨԼϵõڼԦһʱ޷͸ʹ󷨱Ƿȥȥذɣ
ȥͷ׷ɱܱѣ
žͷִ߶ƣʩҲΧ
ಣ
һȺֶʱ˹ȥ
ˣ쵽ˣ
Ѿɳ½ǰǺ嫵ˮҶȴʱ쳣ţɹʧܶһ̣ӳƬʱգʲô
ˡ
ã
ϧŻ龻Ժͻ֣ҶȻͷһü𾪡


2258 նɱԪ
ȻʮǿĻƿն׷
̫ˡȻܵ͹
ǰкܳһξܷƬʱգǰ֮ͻᱻ׷ϣǿǻ񣬶Ԫʼ
ʱҶȿ·ˮ
̫Ȼо޴Ĵ½ˮ½ҪʮбǾˮѰҰɣ
ԭҶȲϧ̫šɽƤӵ£Ԫ֣Ϊһ̣ǾˮˮĿǣκȥҪܵƣҲˡ
ͨ
˷һκ֮Ҷȹϵضˮ¡
κȥ

ʮӰϯѹÿռ䶯
Ϊ׵ľͷһһֳΧÿ˶ͷŸӦȻһ桢㵵ı顣
ƫƫⷽٶԼΪ׷ˣȴֱԷ
˶ˮˣ
һ̫ŵľͷ·ˮϵ֮źΪͨĸӦĿһ裬ʱ·ɭɭˮ档
һŵľͷѵ;ĩ·ĵزسϣǷֿ£һȥԵ򣬷˳ߣһֽˮѰңҷģ̫ｨˮȻвٺǶǺͨĺЩںܾǰǰɱ
ɳ˼һᣬ̫ǿڵȴĻӦȻһϷ֡ӸտʼڣǶ̫ˣλ붯ǰСӺܾܿˣϷ飬ŵٿһλ飬ٲС۹¼ټȥпߣ
֯ʱͷֿ£ŴѾʼʱմ֮Уγ޵޷ߵģ
žͷʩ֮һˣͷա
ߣ
ɴһӣŶʮɵԾˮ£ˮˡ
磡
Щͷ뿪һ࣬ŮͻȻֳκβôͷδǵĴڡ
·ˮΪ޵ҶСֵѽ̫šɽôа壬εȵ
磬Ӧվ̫һɣŮѵ
ҵȻ̫ŵõ񼣣еϵһ£ΪЩҪǿ̫ûоӣԴеõ񼣵ϿɣϾʣµѾ࣬ûм̳һһӿֳں񼣵Ļأ
΢΢ЦҲֻԭˣҵӣҲֻܴ֮УһЩԴһЩӵʵʿҶСֵܣ
ŮӾ㵵ɣ֧Ŵ챾Դڣʥһˣʲôʸ񣿵õ񼣵ˣڤڤ֮Уõ־Ͽ֮ˣ
Ҳֻⷽ㣬Ȼѡ٣ҶСֵܺԵ֪ǲΪһϵ֮ǰһʱ䣬һֱڰд߶ͨӦ̫֮Уûнܳĵӣڤڤ֮УҾȻ֣̫ʮԪؾԼ֮Ȼһ֣ȥ죬һ˿˿ƶ֮עˣǡҶȣ
˵ֻһд֮ˣ
ҲˣĴ˿ɲ򵥣ȻȻ̫ŵ֮ϿɣҸӦһϤѵЩżȻôżȻ꣬ĶʵԼıϴܣ
ְ
Ӧòϰɣд֮ˣһ˵ӵΪĵسֻ֣Ҫ֤̱ɣڴڴ񼣵Ĵ֮УҶ֣Ҫ־ͬϵѣҪȡδ

Ů󣬱㲻˵ʲô
ʱв̫ŵӴΧɹȻȫûпˣǳ·һռ䡣
ˮ磡
СӸˣϢΧֿ£
ĺˮ磬ɴŶʮ֣׷ɱͣͨһӦھͷֿһֿΧˮѰ
ǻˮ磬ܸӦҵϢҿߣ̫һһκѹƣҪ
Զһˮ磬ҶͷߣΧκζΪӵѹȣӦ޷ãҶǻ
ʴͷߣΧĶӷ㡣
ҪúﶵȦӣˮ˭κң
¶һݰЦݣҶתӡһͨϴ߶ǧͼˮ֮ȥԽԽãҪͬһȺͷӬ
ಣ
ͨߴٴǧͼʧ
Ӥ
תн𵤣Ӥ߶֮ˮϵں̫һԼ֮Ҷȵ徹ȻΪˮһ͸ں״̬
ߵҲߡ̫һֲϵȱκһ㣬޷״̬
Ҷȴʱ̬˾棬ȫǺˮӿȫһɺˮ塣
̫żȻʱմǾͱػǿߣڽڣҪǿͻƵĻػ⵽ǿ׷ɱʱˮҵҪˮκң
߶ˮϵǰȥ֮󣬾ҵһԨʼɸ֮ͨҲˣҶΧǱʱʱͷϢȥҪʼԸԪ纺ھȳ
֮С
ʦ𣬾ȾңȾң
ʲôط
޵Ľ磬Ԫһӡƣ˵ηУ޷ԾƬ磬Ѿ֪ȹٸͷ̶ʱͿĥɷӡ
ȣƷϢϣɽܾϣʦɿ֡
Ԫ
νֶҶȡ
ԪȫһҶȱǲŵɫ㡭㡭Ҷȣ
֪ң˵һ㣬ˣҲΪ
һҶȼԪϴ߶ƣ䳰ûõģռ䣬һƿأʦɽҲ޷뿪
Ϊôһһ񡭡ԪŲò涢Ҷȣ֮Ƿ԰Ͳˡ
øϻ콣Լ纺㶼òߣǧ򲻸ã֮вң
Ҳˣõ콣ʱҾ֪ǳɹڵУҪ콣ȻŮˣҶȰҶȣ˶̹꣬ȥѵ̫ţûзĪа˼ŮѾɽ֮У콣Ҳһڵ㵽ͷˮһգ
ûлȥĻᡭ
Ҷȵ˫ͫͻȻһŭ
ҡ
Ԫʼն벻ҶȻɱ֡
ͣ
ϧһжΪʱӣһԴ˲ͷ­Լ룬ѪԪʱ˫ͫڲ
ҾͲţıɽ
ЯҶָһץһɾӿԪڣʼѰң뵤Լȡ
ûС
ȡﶼû纺Ӱӣȴ纺ϢҶ֮ǰӦ纺Ϣͷš
֮ǰ纺ȷӡڣ콣Ҳˡ
䣡
һ֮£Ҷһ̤Ԫͷ­ϣȳһࡣ


2259 йص
ѪõǣһﵽԪʼ۷СͷͷȴַʽĻԪԶ޷뵽ġ
ƣ
Ȼ纺콣ɽԪʹĻǣƣҶȻĪа׵֡
һΣҶҲʧˡ
Ҫȳ纺ҪɽԪװҶȱƽһû·ͬ
ˣ
ҶѰ˼ţδɽȳ纺ʱһ֮Ԫָ΢΢
ǡ纵Ϣ
ͬʱҶȵԺҲֳһ龻֣ҶЦݣôһʱͿˣǲ鿴ԪĴ䡣
նɱԪǿ̣ƺʲôҪ˵ĪҪ˵ģ纺һֱڴ֮У
֮࣬æԪָȡ´䣬ⴢȻưҶӵл龻֣£ȷӦ纺ϢоС
Ԫʼ۷ǿ߽ƣɲöԸ
ͨŴ֮Уһͨ壬ͬʱ߶ɷϾһͬͷѹȻȴ߼̫࣬Ҷȴﵽ߽λ񣬱ȵ߶ɣҴ߶Ҳﵽܾ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ʱ䲻ȥǧ֮
䣡
ͻȻɢһӡȻƳʧҶ봢֮УȼıҲ˲ܵ纺ĺһգһ磬֮У纺Ϊӡ˯֮С
纣
ȻȻˣż鵱һץѷӡ֮׷ʳһâ纺
ҡ
纺˫ۣһҶȵĻҶǹػЦݣ纺·׹ʲôҲû˵ؾҶȵĻС
Ҷظ纺㷢šķ׷ʧԪѱնɱ˾ֱֶвңֻ֮Ҫû¾ͺãʲộҪɽʧ
һ֮纺׵ѻ֮鿴ҵԪ䣬ϧҵԪ֮УԺϵķӡһʱ޷ҵƽ֮ҷӡԼ콣ǰѾ콣ȡߣ
ȡûܾȵˣǸóȥˣΪѹԪڶ׷ɱУǵ취뿪̫ţ
Ҷȷ纺లºǣ纺Ҫ
ء
֮󣬴ı֪ͷͻȻӦʲôȻСҧסҶ죬ֹ뿪ռ䡣
ˣ޴δ˾ٶҶһżӣĪΧʲôΣջǣ
Σգܡ
һ̣ҶȾ׼ֹκⷢܶʿڴ֮У»أǿߣԪ֮к쳣֮ı
ʲôޣΪҶȱδӦκϢԼ֤ⷬ쳣˵ܵʲôϵĶ
СԴƺҶȵ˼ȶ򻺻ǰȥһƣѵǰı𿪡
һĽ硭
Ǳɢ䣬ʧȥӡҶȷǰ౦֮УһʮķӡϢ޷͸
ˡ
޿Ҷڵ콣Ȼӿǽ֮УҲһͬϢӿ
ѵ콣Ҳ˵Ʒ
һҶҲüпܣϾԪõ콣һ£Ȼ뾡취õ콣֮УҲпܵõ֮ǰȻ콣
һ㣬ҶȾ벻ˣ޵ķҲΪܵ콣Եʣ
޵ĸӦȷҲпܣ֮ڿԿ϶ǽ֮бȻйϵƷ
أ
ǰСβСٶ
ˣ
߶򣬿ʼսӡԼڷӡڲƯƷ
һһѵĽһߴС͸ŵϢ콣һһɫӣӿѰûƷͼڣԼģоһ򵥴ĥɡ
нҶֻ΢΢һǼǺɫӣҶ˫ͫȻŴһ𺳡
ΪǺɫӵϢȻϢž˵ƣﵽ߷ƣɫӿйء
ʱ˿̣ҶףΪΪζ
أ
źɫӳ֣Խ
һץɫӻɳ޸ҶȷС첻ϵ䶯ţԵúС
޸Ӧдӿ϶йޡ
ӵֵʯͷִʯͷ֮бĳҶһֱ޲򵥣ŪʲôޣϧɽĹżԼѰңûκջ
ҶֻҪ̤ľͷܻ֪ޣܻ޵ļ¼Ȼվ磬ɫӡ
ץסɫӣҶȸúоһ

֪ɫϢֱҶȵϢҶʶ𿪣ʱüôֵӣΪҪҵϢ
ձ˵Ϣκαǽȴ˺ɫӡ
ԣ
纺߳쿪ֿɫӡ
ˣ
δɫӣԷ纺ҲͬͷϢ

ҶȼæһƣѺɫ𿪣纺һٴеģǶ˵ΪԼϢ⣬ȻɫգҲʲôϢɫӷ·Ҫա
Ǻ͵ڵʯһԶɫӸӹ죬·רϢ
Ǹа⣬ȻŪʲôҿԿ϶޵ȷйϵƺͬʳ
һĻĻʳʬĳٿɫӣ֮ⲻйϵ
أ
һڰѺɫȥˣǺɫֳ֮⣬Ϊһƣƺɫ޵ߡ
ҪŪ޵Դɫ֡
Ȼ޿ԿƺɫӣҶҲɿˣⱻʿõɫɸʬ
ˣ
ץסһ߳Ĳнո͸оǴ콣ұҶ콣Ҫۺ򱶣ʹùķҲ˵ʵҶȵ򱶣
뷨ҶԼҲܣȻ˵һԪʼ񣬵Ǻﵽʲôľ磬˭Ҳ벻ʥʱΪӦ񣬵ʥڣѾӽ
յ𼴱ԪʼʵҲȻǿҶϾһλԪʼ񣬽Ĵڣ漣ҶȻûƾһ㣬˵յһҶȸҫ۵ľ
ΪΡɫһ𣿡
˼侲Ҷȣ˲뵽һҪ⡣
ΪλɫӳϹϵ
йϵ˵޵Ҳһϵ
ֿ˿Ϲϵھֵϵһ
纺Ҳִ˵ܺ棬һֱעŲнϢ㿴нƷʣѾﵽˣȻ٣Ϣǲ
֮ʵΪܿﵽȻ콣Ϊķϧ޷ʹã΢΢һ̾Ѳн·ӡ


2260 ˵
޵𣿡֪Ҷȵ纺Ȼʲô
δһ˿ͷŪɫӵҲ򵥣ѾǺԶŵˣԶŴսʱ硭
ҶȵЦЦȻʾ޻صͷɸСԴٿΧûйصı
ѰãԪռıʵھˣŵӾǲһõòԴ
ϧͷ㾡Ԫ벻ûеõҶȵһУҶȶȡһС
ջûиջʵҶѰûйصƷԣò󣬴翪ʼ콣뵽ľǰžиˡ
ѵõԶ󴫳УҲԼĲԼߵ׷и˼ȥн
ಣ
˲ɳ䣬ĺˮ硣
ֳ纺ЩϰߣϾԺ壬ΪǺ֮壬żԦˮϵҶһϣҲںӷ򣬿ʼҶ׼ĸ
̫šɽǸͻΣ֣
纺˺ζʵɽ羭ɱ֪ƣҲҪΪҶȷֵһѹ
ҶҲɸǵҲûԪʬǰͻư˽λ񣬶ԸͨԪʼû⣬ǺܶѰҵ䣬ǿҴˮĻȥȻ״̬Ѱ̫ŷ©һͻƳȥֻҪȥҾͿôǧͼ괩ֻҪ̫ʱոҲᱻ˦ոҰԪϢӡʱǿϢαװɽӣɻأ
Ҷȵ֮ӷ絽磬κ״̬£ӦֶΣŴδΣ
˲ͨôǧͼ̫Ŵ½ΧϢѾͷת
̫񷡣
ˣ˲ѹȣˮǾ
ǧɽǿָ֧Ԯֶһͷʼƻš
λ
ʱϰ̫ŸҲӸ߿շһޱȵ߷ǰλˣΪ±ɻҪǿ󼸷֡
֣ɽڸ֣ʩ
ʾ⣬ϴһǸ⣺Ÿո˾飬⼸ˣûץסˣҰ֮սȥӰ켫Ա׼ٴǰ߶ǿʱմӦһСˮ֮Ҳ޷
ɽڸ̾ǺϢ
ڴ˵Ⱥһᣬʱǰ븺Ӧͬź߼һ
ǰĴܣȻͨ޵УɵɱʱŻɢһ¡
֮УһϵâڲһͷƷߣ֮УΧһٶӰ
һͬᷨӡ΢΢һ̾ϷûˣԷһ֮ǿߣǰС㣬Ϸ򲻻ٴˣ
һӡʱմ󼸺˳̫һӱڽ
ˡ
ˮ֮У߶עˮ򶯾ҶȣͻȻоϢⷽ
ʲôΣҪ٣Ҷ纺һᣬ纺֮УͨҲܿϻ뱾ںϡ
֪ΪΣƺڶҡ
һָодԴУϿжɱһ·
ⶨҶ߶ǧͼͨ⼸꣬ʼһδεĴҺںˮõԲܺˮѹȡ
ϴҲڽԶ½ӦԼߣܷ̫ǿ߾ۼˮϷȫѰ
֮УҶȷֺܶǿ׼ȷˮ֣ϵʧѵԷʲôͨߣӦĴڣ
鷳ˣҶеڣһʱ䣬һд̫ƬʱյĻ˵
ȲѣҶˮΧ˼ȦĶԷᷢͼ
ԭһ񡭡
֮еĽУһ۵΢΢ۣȻһԳ̫ųߵӰ
ϣз𣿡߹ʵ
׵ѾѴԷʲôǿߣԪʼ񶼲ǣһΪֻа˽λ˰ˣ
ɣƤӵ£ɽӴߣ˵ͨ
һ𾪣Ū˴󶯾ֻһҪ֪ǴӿʼڣԶԷԸġ
ϣʵţһѣȻϧ侲
ӿʼԷɽպðѱŸǣˣ⴦ˮٸȥǰץס
ǣ
ץסһâӰʧȥ
øˣҪǺηţҵ̫ţ˾ȻƿնȥϢʧûӰ
ץסң
ˮ֮£ҶǿϢⷽˮѾԤϵ߶ǧͼ괩ȥ

ɴŴǿߣԦһĽ磬ܵˮѹȣǼٵɱƬˮ򣬲߶ʮһѰš
òһˡ
ǿ߼ǲҶҲһ麹ﲻˮĻȻ֮УĻӵù
Ԧǧͼֱǰˮȥ
ء
½ԽԽԶҲ׼ԪϢαװɽӣ֪ͷͻȻСβ΢΢ذڶ
ǿߣ
˫üһõѣҶѶĸӦԼ£ͻȻ̧ͷһϷʲôҲûеˮ֮УȻһɿµϢѹȶ
ಣ
Ͻߣˮ괩
ˣȻмֱ£㶼ܸӦ
ֳٶȾȻڴһ㣬ܵˮѹȣҲʮ־ˣҲΪ̫˵ĸ߶ȡ
̫ˣ
ĻһͷҶٴٶȣǰͻȻһˮˣһӰʼۡ
ˣ㲻̫ƵˮʱգôϷԸӦλãϾ˶ܵˮѹȣ̫ţ̫ˣ
Ӱ˲ʵȻ̫ŵؾͷˡ
ҶʶˣǶԷƣо޷Ĳ࣬Χˮƿء
û·ûȥ·
źʼƽҶǰͨѣܸܲһ·ɽ֮٣Ҳû취ɽĵӣץΪˣòһ
ڲ뵽㣿㿴ΪΪŴӰ죿Ź㣿ɽǷνΪ̫ŵػߣһֻб֮ҪΪΪۣ
ѵûأ
ءûУϷǸ˲ţƺҲ֮ԲˮɣܴһԪ޷ţԸ뱾ţϷȻᱣ㰲Σ㻹޹
ʱ˿̣Ҷ׳һ޷ѡҲΨһѡĽ顣
ͷӿȥǸ֮ˣʵһֶβ̡ɱ¾Ǹѡ𣿿뷨С
Ҷȣδ𸴣벻ԷΪͨ죬ıԸӳͷе


2261 ʥ
ϢϤ࡭
ίȫ
׳Ψһѡв£ҶȲδʧȥ磬ڰ׼Ҫƥһơ
ͨӦĴڣ࣬Ȼ֮ĴڣӦҲϵ֮ʶ޷ôʱ䣬׼ȷҵ
ʴֻҪ̫ڵʱգ˾ܵĴڡ
ϢϷɲ̫ʱѡھҪشԼԼϷҪ㣬̫йصĴڣĴ֣뱾ţǰ;޷󣡡
κ졢񼣳ϹϵĴڣǶǸ߲ɼġ
񼣣죿δ
һֽһظţҶȾȻֱЦΣ̫йΣһ·Ʊһ죬ڣ̫ҲΪľصĴۣ
Ϸһɱ̫ˣǶԱвˣǿ߻ϣϷ򶼲ŹȻѡ·Ϸ·ֻϧˮ磬ҪһЩ
˾ݣʯһΧˮͻȻһƬˮˣҶΪ룬Ͽʼڡ
󣡡
æ߶ǧͼߣǳâͷųմ֮ʣȴ޷ںˮӷںˮ֮УҶȼķӡ硣
ÿµĴڡ
һ񣬼֮һռͨأΪǴﵽ񣬻еܣ
˸ɱȻָϵ
ɶ񡭡
Ƭˮ綼Էƿأǧͼ޷߶Ҳûа취
ٿٿ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷپ֮ʣŴ߶ͻϮˣһˮϿգͻȻͫĽɫ
Ϣ
ͫ⽣ͻɱĿˣҶȼͫ⣬ͻȻһΪͫһ㶼İȻϢһԿ϶ͨͷߣ߾ͷʥ
ݣ
ͫ⽣ޱȵڷˮ磬ڵʼ
󣡡
ץסᣬҶԦǧͼգιȻˣΪˮ֮еĽһ롣
벻㻹ǿԮ
˴󺧣ԷȻϢҷĹܺ˵һĴڡ
ˡ
֮УҶȵͻȻ߶֮ʥҶȰɣ벻ֺ䶯£Ҳ˾ʲôԭȫ뿪
лʥʥһ֣Ӧûᱻ̫ǿ߷ݰɣ
ʥ벻־£ʥȻǻ̫ţҶȶµʶ
ʥȵΪߣ˭նֶΣǱͨʲôܣ֮Уȴû֪ұͷϢ߶ͨ޷֪̽ҵݣֻΪȡκ߰ɣϾҲ㣡
лʥҶܲӳ̫ţӴʥҶȾ֮ˣ
˵֮Ʋϴȥ
󱲣ͷ¶βʲô£
ˮ֮С
˲ϾͷȻ˫֣ץͫ⽣Ӵ˿ȥͫ⽣ˮ·ˮ֮ϣһڿƽ
һľͷԸһ
ʥ˻ƵӦȻͫ⽣ͻȻʧΧˮһͬ顣

ˮ飬ˮ֮ϣһ׵絮ֱ½ϯȥ
ˣ֪֮½ǺεȵĽ
ʥЦ
ߣ޷óѵģϷעͬ߰ɣ㲻óѵģϷ
Ȼ䣬˳ˮ棬˫Ŀһ
䣡
Ϸʮˮ棬һͬʱһȻ״̬ǻϢռҲʼ顣
̫ˡ
ͣ
ɽһɽͷڶ֮еʥͻȻһ㣬һѪ˫ͫǽ˲ɢҶȣ㣬ʵһϹŶܲӳȥͿԼ벻ۣԭӵ񿹺ֶΣȥδػǿĴڣ

ˮ磡
ҶȲϴ߶ǧͼʼţʥѾΪȡʮʱ䣬ֱĴæ
ǳ֮УҶȿʼԪϢûɽӣǰǾӨĽҲ̫ıԵͨ磬ǰ޴ˮ򣬻Ǵ½硣
ಣ
ɳˮ棬ȫٶȴﵽ£˲Ϣǰĸ߿ա
վס
ʮػ־ͻȻ£Ȼʮ̫ǿ߷׷ֳԪʼΪûһ񣬵мﵽԪʼ۷塣
Һûлǿػһ
Ҷȼʮ֣Ȼ߶ԪȻǰУ͵ɽӣӳϷּⷽһ֪λѣûκջ뷢֣
ɽӣϢ
ҪһˣҲԻûɱŵӣ
ʮǿ߼Ҷȣһ磬ԼӵеĵƣϢȫɽӣȷݡ
Ǿһ³һǣ̫Ÿй֮ǰѵڸֻСЩܣҪȷһ
λˣ
ԽԽףʮס
Ҷȿ˹˷̫ŵǿߣзи֣ҶҲǰ
ڴʱ
ǵϷͻȻһӰӳһޱߵĿ»â
Ϣѹȶڸַ׷̧ͷһã
ϧѾˣͨϴԪжôˣ⻹͵Ϯڸûз֮³֡
䣡
һȻǲƵģƲɵɨһԪʼ񣬷׷ױը
ƣ
ͬʱҶֳˮŽһ
꣡
ˮҶһֱڲȷÿץסĶ֣ˮһˮԪʼ˲仮ƣ治֪ʲôʣ˼̡
ǾӨľ类ˮһ˲ͳһѷ죬ֶͨҶȵںϣںһƬƯţҶѷ죬ವһ뿪磬Ȼ߶ǧͼһжˮˮȥ
⣬⣬˴磡
ʮԪʼǿߴӽΧɳһ飬ûһʬ壬ŵûսȻϵѷ죬ʼ߶ơ
ಣ
һӰˡ
ݼϣ
һ벻ոԮˣһ̫ϹŶ
һȺκβһڴ˵ȴ֧ԮϷϢ׷٣˿ɲᵢʱ䣬ݺ˵һ䣬硣
СӣֶˮˣȻûбԴ֮ϣҲӲϷٶȣϷ֮ټԪˣһѵϷ򣿡
ͨһˮС
ˮһˮˣԻ֮׷ȥ
ƥ̫ˣΪʵ
ߵҶע⵽󷽶ʱںˮٷУȴԽ׷Խ
ܽգնѹȻУǻûкˮ
ҧҧš


2262 һ
ͷߣʵڲУҲֻܼˮУʱƥ׷־߶ԪҪƣ
ٶȣΪĲ࣬˱Ȼڼ׷
ӣûпܣ
ֻһս
սҶʵʱΪӵǿԼԪ
Сӣȥ
޷ѵĶħ֮Ӻˮӿ
𣿡
벻ż˾׷ˣҶðɭɭ亹ȻͷޣҪæҳԿԿұ۸㱻۸֪𣿡
أ
֪СβͻȻڶ仰ȻЧ
ˮԽԽҿʼǳأΪǣˣԹ⹥ǳأѺ
֮˵ЦĿ飿ˣЩֶϷ̫࣡
ԽԽһλص֮䣬ҶʩչֶΣǰѵ治ܸһ·
ֶΣɱ˱ʮλԪʼǿߣϷܷŹ𣿿ʼѡ㲻ѡ;ĩ·ĵز
һжǱƵģǰһ·Ҳᷢչһ
Ϸ𣿱Ǹţмֲȴ벻ûҳԼ£
ǰѵͲ֪Ϊβ˵̫ԼɽȻɽֵԭ𣿡
⣬㲻𣿻ʱ䣿ϷѾܿıӰˮѹȣ޷ͨûˣ
ǰĲ֪ɹغһܣ֪̫ӵйصܣ̫ʵֹ
ҶʲôıҪ̫ɽü䷺Цƺʴ˳ϵͬһƻ
ͣһᣬܲмĵСӣݵſڴƻƣ̫ʵѵİţƤˣ
ԪԪɻϽģҪɻֶͬΣɽ
ȻƲɼãô͵һԼͬĵľ
ҶһֱĴܣõΪ㣬αݷôꡭֲϧ
Ϸ򣿡
ǰǴӦһ·Ȼ̹棡
˵
ǰȴӦ
ˮ֮Уһһ٣һǿһ˭Ҳò˭ҲԿˣƺ˵ա
磬ѵҪ֣Ҷȣ
ˮϵˮ棬ӰҲϢٶȣˡҶȲϽˮ
ſŮӣ֪Ҷ棬һԵ֣ӹ׷ɱʵ԰һ£
Ҿ֪Ůһߡ
Ҳ֪ûѣҶƢܶң
ʱͻȻǰʲôƵģͻȻŮں󷽡
˶ﲻκ£ԺҶȻټġȥ
һĪǰӿ֡
ɲǼ䣬ԷŵȻһһͬڵ׿ռ䣬Ȼӿռ룬Ȼ޾֮С
Ǻεȵ𶯣׾Ͱ˴ռ룬һ̫ŵҲó׻
ãϷӦ㣬ҪԷһ·
ˮУѾԼҶȵıӰһ˼¶⡣
ǰ֪콣Ҷڡ
콣
Ƭ̣ͻȻɫһ콣˭֪ԶŴսǸʱڣ˭õµܵõСӣ㲻ҪϷɽӳ֣Ϊľ콣
ǰϢɣ
ٻش𣡡
ţʲôҶЦЦ׼һ׻ѻɽԪϸԪõ콣صúû֪£ǰͻȻȥħһʱգպУõһнּնɱнӵߣ֮ǰǰѲнǵʹõķɱ֮ԪͷһǲнںϣȻںϣ֪Ȼõ콣
ڶϷ򣿡ƺﲻš
ѽԪնɱϧûеõ콣ԭɽ콣ԼõǱнɶϣǰҪ𣿡

ǰǴӦһ·Ǿ͵ǰһʱ䣬ȻѶó
⣬Ϸ֮ˣ
Ȼ֮ͬٶȾȻһ롣
ƥƬˮ̫̫ˣȽˮ򣬵ʱƣ
ҶҲżʮ֮˦һâȻʧǰˮ
ʮ˾׷ɱһץסâٶٴߣȻ鿴âȻнԼһžѪϢ
н뾫Ѫ֮УͬĽϷȻûмʶ콣ɽ⣬˾Ųʮ콣
֮˫ͫ͸𾪣Ȼ˶õı
СˣͷԪɵĵӣҲɽصĺˣܲ콣ЯСӣʱ򻹸ˣֶΣٶȶȻٴα
ǰΪ˵㻰׷ɱ
ʵҶѹĴڣǲܻŹģܵһ˵̬
㻹ˣԪ콣ϰɣϷ򲻻Ʊ磬ᣡ
һͷҲǸԶŵ󱲣
Զţ˭㽲ã֪Ϸνѹ
ͻͻͻ
˴ʱ·ŶǰƬˮ磬ֱԴյٶȣҶ׷ɱȥ
ֲٶȣ
ռϢҶθӦߣʵǿѾڴ߶ԼԪ
ǿһҪ䲻ɱУ
ͨ壬Ҳ׼ãһ֮ҿ϶״̬ʱҪһʱ߶ǧͼ뿪ˮ򣬽괩̫ʱգ
ʱ˿̣ѾûκأҶҲͨ忪ʼ
Сӣ㻹ӣŲơ
󷽿ռ䱻ƿ綼Ƶģ˻Ӷұۣٶʮʮûкˮѹ£ſָͷſµķӡâ
ǰҶѾ׼÷
ˣ
ָӡâѾҶȵĺ󷽣סʮסһף
˴˿̾ؾˣҪҶץģ޴ɶݡ
ƣ
ҶķӦƺϵ֪ҶȻᷴУǺõĴ
䡭
һϵâҶȷһƺ˴֣â֮УȻһϵââ֪кεȵ˷ӡâϺ顣
˴ʱþ޷Ӧ֮Уͷܣܣôӵ˿µȻѹȣ
ҶѾ߶ԼԪ·ϵľͷ־ںϣ޷Ŵ󣺡ҿɲɱɱģ˵ʵҸûа㣬Լ̫šɽΪᱻҲڽ£֮䣬ΨΪ𣡡
Ϸ򲻻ᣡ
˶ʱΧռƣһһӿָ֮ϡ


2263 ڴ񼣵
ǧһʱ̣ԪƬǿѹγɾڰ̬Χˮڴʱ׷ױ飬ˮӿѷ֮С
Ϊӵǿ޷Ԧģ
ȫԸ˼ԼȻ޷ѹҶȣп֪
ɱңҪ󲻵Ĵۣ־ӳ
Ҷִ߶龻֣ôԪΧˮ
ô£ΪϷ־ȻЭ㵽ʲôˣ
龻ǿ֮ͨһ޷ϴԪؼ־Ҳӵл
͡
ƱҶȵ·ʮ˲䣬ҶȵѲѪۣɼѰͷŵ£Ȼٴ˵âޱȵش̴ġ
ۣ
һ𣬼Ĵ̴һâ

ҶڴﵽƵĵزѾеԪҲʮֿ飬Ȼûж
ȻҲ޷ֵâ˱𷭣ͬʱϵ˺ѣҲ֮˺ѣѪϱѪ˿֮ӿǴĿĵѪۣӲ˼ǣҶͣʱѾһ״̬
Ѿ˿ݵģҪˣֻһ֮ң
ͨͨ塭
۾߶һ

˲ȻˣҶȵʮ֮һһģһâҶȶ
ء
Ҷֻ΢΢һһӰͷڴʱɳſС죬һ˲סɱâ

â̫ԵһȴδˣһâСӡ
ǧͼߣ
΢΢һһӰ
Ӱգʵȴʧˣ¶һġҶȡӡ֮ˮ
ʲôޣӦΪʵϷ⣿
ޱȣͨȥķ˫Ŀ¶ŨŨɱ⣺˲ͺˣСӲɱĻпܳΪ̫в챾ͷʮԪĴؾԪϧҲҪնɱ
ؾԪʮԪ
Ƕô˼Ĵڡ
˵һ»ζӿĿƾ⣬Щӿ˾ȻѵغһӲ࣬ƾ⻯ΪһУٿһ£ֱˮ磬Ϸһ¶õա
ˮ磬һңԶͷˮ硣
㲻ߣϷĴؾϷıϧԪϷҲ޷ָ
˿ʼһǵĲ׷ȥٶʥ񶼱Ȳϡ
⣡
һ֮
ͨϴ֪ˮ羹ȻֱͻأطֿһƹУ
ѵҪѴԪƽ٣ͨҧҧƹ̫ǿˣӸղŵڣٷ˴ﵽˮ򣬵ƹУȻңԶˮ硣
ǳǧϰ֣ͨҲ޷Կ
ֻдԪǿ߶ܶԿƹС
㻹̫СҾͰһΣɹ˽֮ҪռԪصһлӭӼ١
֮ͨʣͻȻһ޵ƹд
ɲֻһӰԣֻһӰͶӰˣǵӰ֪жǿͨע£ضƹһѹٶƶʱʧˣͬϵľԪͨ
ͨ̾Ϣǿ󣬺ǿ˻Ҫǿ󡭡
ߣϵʿʮԪıȥںϰɣ͵ǵһμ棬͸ļ񣬼סʱ䲻ˣռĴԪֻҪܵõһĻԪ֮ͨͨɢĻԪƬռһڹ񼣵㣬ߣ
ǲӰֻǴ̳ʧȥ
񼣣
ͨһͻȻ¶ϲĪλǿĴڣǹ֮޵ػߣҲǹ񼣵ػߣֲǿ󣬱˵һˣҲĶ֣
־벻ɢԷ޵ػߣȻҲػߡ
ͬλǿġūһġ
ʮԪϵ
˲ץסƾ⣬ȻѾ޷󣬶ĿǿҺ棺񼣣񼣡Ҫ̤찡
ಣ
߶ǧͼǰȥ
ʱ
С˰ɣ콣Ϸĵֵزܻȡ콣Ҳֵá
ѵĲΧˮѹȣԼ֣ʧȥҲֻһ˰ˡ
ֻбˮͨһӦľƵǰŰˮ򣺡ܣСӲûѱʮԪľѹˣӵʵ
ò㱳һеϧ˴ۣնɱһΪľܵõ콣
֪ȴˮһա
СӲԶѹϷҲðĵز
˳ش߶һӡ

ͻͻͻ
Ϸˮһˮݣʮ̫ŵͷæˡ
ϡ˺£
ͷһǱģ˭ʮԪϣ̫ŵǿػߣһ˿еĸ֡
˰հ֣غȵղϷһ·׷ɱСӣԷӵкص󻹸ˣȴܲ˶ԶһҪץסΪӵ콣֪ɣ
Ȼ֪һЩԪʼ񣬽ĴڣЩ񣬶޷̤У
ֲҪһУץסСӣ
ھͷĸ𺳡
˳ӦܣֻЩ߲֪ǧҪȥŵõǣǵĵӣԼͽл죬һ£ʱİϷͲظˣСӵϢȥ׷٣ֻҪټ߲㣬Сܾˣжȥɣ
ϷģúϢ׷
ʮͷץסҶȵϢ֮ǰ׷ȥ
ֻϧͨ߶ǧͼٶȣѾȥһʱһʱͨӵӰ˰ɡ
ץ㣬ϷְƤ˲ɣǱط̫ʱա
ңԶˮ
䣡
ˮͻȻɳһǳ֮⣬ͨ壬Χããˮȴκ½ء졣
̫Ż̫ˣҺȥ񶴵ķһ·Ҷ꣬þ촩λãȻܳװ̫ŵ׷ɱ
룬ͨ߶ǧͼ֮С
֮
Ϣڵˣ
ͨһС½֮ϣȲ񶴵Ҳ̫ŵһ½ˣҶ֮ǰȥ̫ţ·ߣдǧͼꡣ
ಣ
꣬Ҷ˿ˣǵץʱ䣬̫űȻֱֹ̬ľͷ־ͷ׷Ҷ޷Ӧԣǳâ֮С


2264 в
ǧβͣش󣬰굯ָ
񶴡
ڣ½ˮľͷͨ嵱ͣóͼúĥһ
ڱҪҸطñܴܰŵĻָ̫ʱպʣǵһѡ񣬵ҲԵĪ⣬شڵͥвȻܻص̫ʱա
񶴲ԶһƬʱգСûһڣﵹõѡ񣡡
̫ŸֱȻᷢҶ񶴣ʱɳѰң񶴣ɲ̫ţ񶴲ŵˣ޼ɵҶҲ뿪̫ңԶʱҪ취ȥɽȡ콣
ҷշȥ
Ϊûд󣬽󣬲һƬǴСһ½ʱգʵЩ½ҲǾ޴ˣ̫࣬һĴ½֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬽ֳ
ϰɣԼ۹ϧֻʮ֮һҲȲϣһҲﲻһ޷ִ̫ȼ硣
Ϊڶ࣬Ҷõ֮
ͨܿȷһԵ½½´һЩҲƵһ½ٱС
һŸӦ֮һƬɽͨͣɽΧûκֻЩʿϢ
ಣ
һӰֶ纺
뱾ںϰɣҪǵںϣ
纺֮󣬾ͨһ纺ʼͨ弸ͬʱҶȱںϡ
ʱѪҶھ֮УͨںϣṩԼԴûѣƺת
纺óҶ֮ǰõĸʼں֮󣬿ʼӿҶȵ֮Уǳ״
ָ֪ܻ꣬ҪָƣҪظͨŵģҶȴʱ״̬һҪʣµľ
纺һֱػҶ԰ףԦҶһĻָ
̫ţˣȻûлָ֮һ
һϵʱ֮С
ǸʯʯʯԼؾ֮УϢ΢ɫʮֲ԰ס
Ȼ䣬һͶӰۣ͸֮ϣɽ˼λϣ˵ҪһͬѰˣ
ҪҾң콣й¶ȥ
ǣ
ͶӰ˲ʧ
ãһӰֳӰǱȻͶӰǿɼϢʮֵޣϢӰĵʵΪ˵أ
Ӱף̾ˣһС˿ӣ
ָ콣£Щϸ𣬵غ𣬱ҪԹʣ
콣ɽ
ڻܿ϶㣬ʮа˾ţ콣Ӧɽ֮УԶŴս֮Ĵ˵һֱڶŶ涼õܣȴʼ޷Ը콣ǱɽȻһڱУʼֻһߣ浽Ǹϣɽ֣ɽ仹һֱڴ֮Уǳ˵Σ
ѵҪ£
Źʱ䣬ӦûΪǰڴһӰĴϢ˴֮ãˮ򼴽д·ƺһֶͬԸ壬Ϊƿһ⴩ˮ򣬲ܺѹȵر
ˮѹȣǺֱӿԱƽ̫ţǶ˵Ҳһƽ٣
ʱδȷǱúΪӣɽõ콣ΪˮİγһųΪ׳־
ʱ仹ҪԪ϶ע콣£ȱӴһжġ
Ӱ˵꣬һƬ̶ɢȥ

˴žĿǿߡ
Ȼд֮ˣ뵽úԸɽ˻˫ۣЦЦ֮ӿٶո
粻ԶһƬˮûκδ½ûκε죬Ҳκ࣬ΪҪˮڡ
ŵգХԺ·Щ籩
Ȼ䣬ڴ멣ò׳˶ӰֻǼˮ档
λ΢΢һɨˮ򣬱һߣ³çƳһЩر巢ս
Ļ뵽ôֻΪˣѹ壬Ĩɱ壬һһͳ磡Ҳ˵Ӧ
Ѵ¶˼֪ӵвˮȻѹȵĴرκҪ£ЩӦǺˣֱƺкܴҰģǺ
ֻһֻưˣ治֪ôҲͽƾͼƣȫͬʱúЩǿ֣֮һ˺壬ǰдʽ棬Ȼʼƻ
̨ɣɲףȥ̽̽Щߵ˼治ʶȤĻٶҲûǰ֧֣˳塢ѹ죿
ãȥˣ
˵֮һ̤ȻֱӶˮ£û˿Ĳƣ𶯡
·˵Ѿﵽĵز
Ƭ̡
ˮ֮£ǧǳˮµ۹磬ڻҰĹâ֮С
λˣ
һƬضˮϰκߣһ֮ϣǷɫкԵͬǣǷɱ¾Լ֮
ϰվϷͷһͬϷ磬ֶ
λõˣ
ϢƮ£ͷͬһ߶ȣֻһ
ͷ֮һһƵľͷЦλҹƣʮرҲɹ뺣͵Ϯ弸ҪǳأɱƬײʹ찡ЦǺ廹һЩ֣ر
ˣͻȻһģɭɭͷǼƻɲģû£͵Ϯ壬رй¶֪֮ǻŹ壿ȻټˮΪǱˣǴ죬֮ǿԸı磬ȴܣ
رÿɫˣ
ţͷѹ·һͷ߳޴ͷķЦ
ԣǿ壬࣬һͳ磡ͷҲ׷Ӧʾս

ͷȴ쳣侲ǵͫԿƺҲе㶯ŭ
ҲˣֻǵһЦ֪Ǻ۱ԶԶ壬رĻȷ壬ˣǺûǿߣ̤죿Ǻûмʶ񼣵񼣣֧硢ɽ硢ĴڣǺֻڴ챣֮£һˣڻΪУ


2265 Īа
Ҳؼ˵һɲŻǣҲҪ赲ǼƻȻǺϵǷҪִԲжɱΪԿǿûΪУ
λضŭҲֻһرˣ
ͷһԿҲڰнȻƵľͷվǸر˱˫ȭ
һͷȴһ⣺ڼȻѾ¶뺣岻ܷŹǺ壬ǲǽ֣Ҳưոݣ
Ƕ˻뾡취֮ǲں£ٺ廹δȫսƴرҪ޷ǼƻҲ޷ɹ
ϣԺжǰǹͨ
ҷԣԺǻСĵģ
ͷͷΪǿĴڣȴ˿
ǧȥ̫ţ
½ΧմԼԼɽǿߣеˮ֮ѰңеĽ벻֮ͬС
λȷϣӦ񶴷ʧ񶴸пܣͲ񶴣
񶴼ν棬ֻΧأܽ񶴴½֮Уڲ汣ˣǻɣǲ񶴵ǿߣ
ɲɽϣӣΧѰʲôֲǵĵӱץߣ
µȷɽȥ񶴽棬ǲܵԩͷϾ뱾Źϵ
׷ɱ´𣿡
ȻҪ´ɽѾ´׷ɱҲҪӣɽҧǲ֣
һʱ룬ۼŶʮҲУǷϣûкת
׷ɱҶȣԼδɽ֮Ĺϵ
һͷˣȭϣҪɽȡˣΪ콣
ζĿˣ콣ǵõԿףõһݣܵõݣȻǿ󣬵ʮԪйϾûеõϿɣ磬ҲΨһĴΪܰʵߣɽ˺ƤҲûʲô޷вǵĵλҲ˼ǶҪڰУһҵСӣǱɽкܴƣûСӵϢȴӵУҪ뾡취ҳСӵϢغŵδ
ǰֲоͷʾɡ
ͷҲд뷨ϾΪ˵е޴ڣϧΪУһҲǡ
ϷǱŻõĴڣʮԪĳЩ˵Ҳ˽⣬ԪʼΪ죬Ȼ֪ģǸʱڣǵ֮ķһЩżϼţҪõܣ֣ȴձնɱȻʵ޷ɽԪʼܽһ˵һ룬ŵõԪʼӿԽ죿
˵죬Ҫ֮Ͽ𣿡
ҲǺӦ֪飬ȻнֶΣҲ޷죬жɣ໹Ҫ߶һ䣬ҵСӣһҪ֣
ǣ
ͷϣÿһ𶼻ΪӰʧʱմ֮С
ɽ֮УһľУ֮ʱʱ̿մԪ
֮У纺һֱػҶߣҶ֮УǧĻָڲٳ״̬ϢʮϢǴﵽ״̬
һſţʱʱҲմ
纣ٹãҾͿУʱˣȻ䣬һҶڣƽο
Ϊģʲô纺ھεصͷ
գۣȥ
ΧͻȻΪâӿҶڣҶȽۣ˲һԾ𣬰Ѵâڡ
ɺţȻ纺صͦˣ纣һͬаɣ
ţ纺ǵĵɫҲȥ
ಣ
ͨҶڷΧҶһͬӡͬʱͷɷһʱϴΧӿҶȺͬʱ߶ͨС
ͨ壬Ҫʵڱ֮һͨںϣͨĸͻ뱾һͬںϷӶҲָ
ô£ʱոǳִ̫ɽǿߣ
ǲˬǻҪѯʣǵҲǵĵ̲ɣ
һ̣ϴڻǼģ˹ȻץɽԪԪǶ˵ɣ
е죡
ˣ棬ԪɽԪеŵӣԪвܵģ֪Ǻ˵󣬸ҹȻẉ֮̂սʱ̣Ԫ֣
иˣץԪϢ֪ɽɻõ޴´ɱϴľѻᣡ
ֲڴĪǶҵжȻ֪˭ҪǳɹĻƬʱյõ֧֣ɻΪһ
ˣǱЩƤӵץԪ˵ʵѾģǸã
Ǻǣ֮˭˵
вϳҶȸԾٶȻָţʱʱ̿עΧռĶ
ð֮ʮԪʼɹǵĶԻҲҶһ֮Ҷȶ㵡
׷ɱ벻̫ɽҧŲţҶץԪϣõ콣
ҰǵʮԪϵںϣ̤Ԫʼҿţ
УͨϣٶѾԽǰ
̫š
ʱɿɼšɽѰҶ䡣
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽һŮӳ½Ͽգ֮󣬲ʮɽ
ĪаĪаһҰ׳ۣ㷢ɸ߸𣬿һƽӹʿȴͬǰǰԵǰԵٱ
˫ͫ΢΢ͷһ޵Ľһɽ壬ɽԪ޳̨ս
ԪϢôϵ콣Ϣ΢ĪҶȵĶ֣ҶСӿǱԪӽƻ̫пˣ
Ӧ֮Īа¶ЦҶȵϢҲСϢǰ㲻Ѿ̤ϢθҲҪҳ
㣬ηʿ
Ȼ䣬һżԪʼǿߣ־ɽǻһӾע⵽ĪаҴһַ
Īа򵥽һΪȥҲԪʼ񣬼仰ͺƹȥˡ
һԪʼͻȻ߶һââ֮ͬʱֳԪԼαװҶȵòʵûУ
Īа񵭵ҡҡͷ
ܼλɽĵӣһˣĻʱ֪ţǸ񷨱ԼΪ
ԪʼӸһ仰һڸַ߿ա
˼˼Ҷȣ㻹װһ֪㣡ĪаЦݣЦ֮дһ⡣


2266 ںѪӤ
ԭ

ֻĪаȻɭ֮Уָ̫һԪʼǿͷ­֮ϣͨʣ֪µȥ
ԪϧһĴڣҶУֶΣ˰ɣ
Īаһ⣬ΪԪѹҶȣӶõҶе콣ȴԪҶУҶȻϧͬʱ
ҵĸоǶԵģҶҪԪвĶ࣬ȻѹԪȻѵõ콣һǿ׸ӦҵĴڣ
һ˼֮Įؽ̫ŸĨɱȻ߶Ӧ
һʱ
֣֣ƬʱվȻûŨҵ콣˵˿Ϣʧˣ콣ںϣܻ㣬ѵҶȲδõԪϵ콣
ΣʱնɱҶõϧһ̤񣬾ڵȴɱ䡢һ죡
ĪаһͷŸӦһǰʱա
Ǿ̫ʱңԶһʱա
ƬʱտϹսܵԶսӰ죬Ƭռ䵽ǷʣԼϢ
ˮൺ졢½Щ½֮УһЩǳУȻǹʱգǱ̫ʱҪǿ̫࣬ʺʿС档
ˡ
ȻƬʱʺУԵúǴԼʿӰӡ
Ȼһϴ½գһƬȫǾ޴ƬĴ֮ϣǰ΢΢һΣŻӰ֣ŻͻȻںһֻΡӰһ߳
ࡢ̫ʼֳǹŻ̫ʼü֮С
̫ʼ¶ʮֵЦݣȴɿ벻ֻ֮ƿ֮˲˼飡
ֻ֮Ǵֻ֮֮Уǿ֮һӵꡢյȵɽ֮Уʱ޷߶ֻ֮ţѿʼֻ֮Ŵص簵֮壬㽫ﵽټԦֻ֮ţصʱͿɣֻ֮ŵֻ񼣼ֱ޵еĴڣ
칬۵࣬ǰݣ䲻磬ɢŻ統ɽǰơ
̫ʼֿ·ʵ֮£һӡ󣿡
Ƭʱվ̫ʱպܽܵų⣬ЩϹŶҪǨ̫ʱգ֪֮һʼƻʮӡ󣬾Ϊһ׼
⴦ӡʮ־ˣ
ȥ֪ˣ
ǰأĻ̫ʼ֮󣬶ǰ̫ʼͬһں档
Ϸӡֻһ޴ķƬ׷׵Ųܿƿһĺڶ
ᣡ
ڶ֮ǰָһһ֮ںڶ֮ϣɲǼ䣬ڶ˸һйâŻ̫ʼС
գ۳Ͳһˣ̫ʹһϢܶĵ¿ռ䣬ⲻͨܶΪܶǽһ˸йâ챦ʯ֪ж̣ܶϷӡﵽĵز
̫ʼͶصľ̾⴦󷨿ռڲķӡȻӡٱ
ЩӡֻΪָԪʼ񾳽׼ģ⴦ӡǱ۷ģԴﵽǿ״̬
ͨܣԪʼӵֶʵ
еֺͣΪ˶֪Ĵڣ
ӹȼһɰŻ̫ʼӡռ룬һЩʯ𽥼һϵļ̨
̨ΧʮʿֻϧһѾΪãʣµһʿҲʧȥϢֻм˻΢ĺ
̨ͷ֮ʯɣо֪жിʮǿͷŵϢҲϢ
ʮˣ֮Ĵڡ
ڼ̨֮ϣ·пµзӡ֮ǵԪϢںϣҷӡ֮ϴǵڣʣµļߣϺ֮ܶеԪȻУжԼ֮նӡ֮롣
ǳΪṩĿܣκжԼ
ʮԪȥ벻˻ڡ
෢һЦݣ˫֮ͫУѿһУ̨
㡭㻹ˣ
ʮǿߣд붼䣬ʮ˻Ϊ˰׹ǣһЩ˲δãҲֻˣߡ
ȻܻҲһϢķӡΧȻۼ·Ҫӡ֮
ϼ̨һɨЩѺۣĮЦݣֵزǻߣ
߲ࣺС
ฺֶͻȻЦЦ֮ҲЩΣѲǵУҲʥΪ࣬Ȼ㲻֪ЩԪҪллǣЩᡮѪӤгԽһĿܣٴγΪߣЩΪߵϣԶܴﵽĸ߶ȣ
󣬸ӵһ󼤶ߺɱǣɱǡ
ȻҪɱǣǵȫδһЩˣɶǵʱ֮ӣΨߵ󣬳Ϊߣ𣡡
飬һۻ̫ʼߴһ̤һֻ֮⣬˲˳ߡ
߳߳
գۻΪ촷ۣԼΧЩʬ壬һΪ˳
̫ʼʣЩ˶ߵǿߣ
Ǹʱ֮ʿղŲһˣΪﵽֻϧǵͽλɲǵҵĶ֡ɣ׼ãҲһЩ֮㽫ںֻкܴĳַ˵֮Ҳӵһֻ
ඣһ̨롣
봦һʯʵзʣ绯ɡ

ָһʯʼ飬䣬Ȼ¶һһģһ񣬶Ϣʯ
ǱҵһʯҺķѴΪĿܣ
ʯк
ǺܹϵĴڣ֮Уֻмٵ֮Ż֪ʯǵһ֮˵񼣵ĵһˣʯ黯壬רΪ񼣶λ֮ʯҲˣ֪㣬ķһԪռٵһʯ֮ᣬžôԪ𣬴ﵽ
࿴̫ʼɱСʯںϵԽ࣬ں񼣾ԽףѾѪӤںϣںֻҪܶʱ䣬ں֮󣬱ʯںһΪߵĴڣ
ϲݷԪڼ棡̫ʹæȭ
ѪӤ
һ֮⣬ϴ⣬ܣΧ̨ʼΪ۵йâա
Ҵ֮УȻһ壬ۣһ죬̧ͷ˫һ̣Ȼòûмֲࡣ
ˣѪӤڰˣѪӤࡣ
Ҳܾˣʹӽ֮Уںϰɣ˵֮ȫΪ֮⡣


2267 ơԵΣ
ˡ
໯Ϊ֮⣬ѪӤҲںϣΪ֮Ϊ⣬ںһ
ͬʱ·̨׷ױеʶΪ֮ΧܶǽڣЩʯҲͨͨΪâ
̫ʼʱҲâץסѻῪʼںϣΪ塣
һӷжӵǸܵ꣬ͨǧգػΪߣ
һΣû˿赲Ĳ֮ҲУ
â֮УֳһƤʯѾΪʡ
һϹʱ֮С
⴦ʱΪԶսʱգʴʿƬʱѰõϹǿߵĴС
Сˣ
ǰ񣬽ϹʬΧԶս֮Уȱ˵ʵһʧԶսռ䣬ֻ·һ
浹ù֪˭Щѵģ
ļŵգʮԪʼǿ߼ٷɳ۶Χɼǿߣһɫš
Ƿķ򣬿ԼƬճű֮ǷĹϴ½
Ƭ½֮С
磬ܸӦ֮ǰϢ𣿡
ӰǱգһȺµʬǳħ硣
ųʳ󷽣ǸսգȷϢֹһɣϢ
үүģЩʬ̫ˣѴﵽĸͷǣ
֮Уץһ񸫣ӵķ򣬶ʱпսģû취ˣȻˣͲܰһˣ
ߣ
ʬȺ׷ɱٶȲ죬˺ɣսȥ;оµı磬ЩѾԪʼ̤ģһЩϤаꡢа飬Ҳ
;ʩչͨرܸвԶսֻѡƵ;Ҳδκνᱦʿ
Ϣˣ
֮
ͻȻ¶ϲЦݣٴμӿٶȣǰһɭɭսʱճˣս˾ѸӦвĿϢ
֮Щɣ⴦սżʱж磬мΪĴڣ
ˣһɣ
صͷҲԥ̤Ⱪʱ֮С
ʱ֮У֮Ϊַ籩вŰڳǰ˽λǾŽλʵ϶˶ںµͨǿһ̤ռ䡣
ȱϢǰ
Ϥķ֮ӳ֮¶ϲЦݣ߳籩̤սżͼаڸ߿
ңаҲһʱӦˣΪЩа꾹ȻǴﵽ߽λԪʼ񣬻ǻĴڣϢĸӦȻҪͨʬ
ץٶȣ
˲Ҷ룬ǰ
ϿаꡢаҲһͬ׷ȥɷ׳ۡ
һɳ֮ǰս֮гʮʬ壬Ǵ󲿷ֶˣӦ֮󣬴ųֱҲսܿͼʬ壬߾ȻԶʿ
ʣǿߡ
࣬ŵ࣡
ǰӡʬ֮У֪ʱΧսʼɭɭĲҲʼ
ɫ䣺ʲô
䣡
Χսʼֻӷ֮£ȻһħľӰ
Ӱվһߣ˫ͫѪ죬һѪ⼸ɵûһ˿ˮ֣ŶĿħʱڳơϡ
ӣ
֣߳ѾӦĿֲܴԶսܶȵʶ˵ǰһֲͷ
ӣϷҪǵѪ⸴
ơһշȥ߷·һͲ³ʶħӰһѶڵĿռ䣬ץֱ顣
ͣ
ֻһУ类Ѫ
̫ˣýѪ
Ʋ˲ǣ˶Է޲ðߵͷšһԣɳƿʼӡ˫۳Ѫɫ
а߳ǰֻϣ΢΢һŶھȻһɺԶŵħ
֪ͺãүү
ƽӡ˫ͫŵѪɫâһѪ⿪ʼȼգұһɨһֻѪѸײڶ֮Ƴɨȥ

֪߾ȻûܣֻһȭѪ֮ϡ
ײ֮Ѫֿʼһ飬ҲٴѪһҲûС
ôܣ
ȫǰһĻסˣɲǳƵԶǿߣѪѵɱһԶħʶ
ɭɭЦСӣԭҲħˣϧ̫ˣйԶħɣ̫ӶܸܽǿԱΣգһжżȻ
ˣ
ӦвʱѪüĴǰǿߣǰܲ򵥣Ҳܰʶ󲿷ֱʵѾﵽλλ񲻺öԸ
ȷ򵥣ֻܿܽһͻԱǳΣա
һֱƶѪǵ׽˶٣
ѪǿԼ֣ȻǼΪֲĴڣҲܸڳҡ
ֻ֮һѪԽ̫࣬ռ䡢Ӳȶ޷ɳƼ޵ʴˣƵļҲֻͷѪ漫ٵһﵽĸ֣Կ
а߲ϱƽҲż֣Ϊû˿Ķ֡
ͬ޶һ㣺ǾʵɣԭԱСӣĺᣬ̫ˣϷֻҪһѪ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬Ϸ򲻵ɱǣΪӣΣϷ߽λĴڣ
ˣڰ˽λļޣūҲֻԪʼ۷ʿԿĻ֣̫ˣοԷʵﵽλ񣡡
ѪֶԳ˵
Ѫ棬ûа취𣿡Ƽæʵ
ֻ취һǲй¶̵Σգ߶̣Խħͷնɱһ취߶˵ۣūµӡͷԪ۵Ĩɱħͷʶһ˵Ҳй¶ϢпܱԶǿߣħͷǸӦ
ûѡˣʹ߶۰ɣ
ѡҸ֪硣
ɭɭѹȶǴ𲻴Ӧ
Ӧΰɣүүʰ㣬ۣ
ʯ䣬ʳָԼüһץָѾһѪ
ƲԳԷƣ涯ɱ⣬һΧħʱơѹһ̿ʼ
ٿ
磬ͬڰ
·Զ˺ڰʱ
ڴ˿̣ӳƵüֳǹۣħͷһѪââ֮УԼѪӡӰ
ǡ
ħͷһͻ֮УƺовҲͷǿȼյһħ⣬Ѫâ
ɾڵײһ𣬺¡һƬռ䳹飬ѪâͬˮĻƺһжʧˡ
ͣ
ƵۣͻȻһ£ȻΧüģ˺Ѻۼ
ߣ
벻˵أԼһνӣΪɱ˫ۣץסһͬǶķ籩֮С


2268 Žλ
Ϲսռ䣬ը֮Ҫ񷡣
벻ħᱻСʿɱ
ħħǸ߽λһͳһħţҪ죬ȴɢ
ǻãƬսǵĲ³
ղǹǾúϤǸħ˵ϣȻд˵֮УԴ죬һλԶеĵֻۣ
˵𡯣
ϧǴ˵֮еĴڣ޷ʶСӵۣϹϵȻ𶯣
Ƕ˽֮ս֮˺飬ǿ취ȥˣҪת
ը֮Уս飬Ϊʬ壬֮£Ϊ
ɼѪߵﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
սڲһ𣬾⴦ʱձԵҲԼһɱըĢƣɲǼƬϹա
˳У赲ˣųһͬ˵ڰգͷһ羪̾ӳˣõûУ
ٿƣͷü䣬ȻһƬ˺Ѫۣ֪ʹ࣬Ǹ񣺡û£ֻڶʱҲ޷߶Ѫϰָò˼ָܻ
ָܻƣԵúܾ㵡
ٺ٣ѪΪħͷֻ̫߳࣬񣬶Ѫ˵ʲô߻֣κһ԰һָֻ̫ܲסǵ
ǰѪ漸ʵǿֲѪ沿ͰƬʱջﵽ֮һĳ̶ȣ
ʱռñѪϣҲӦóԪʼҸطúУ

Ƶͷ߶ͨ󳤳һ򣬴ųųһȣռ䡣
ΪֶͨҲԽԽˡ
ƣ硭
ңԶһƬʱա
ɽ֮еĽڣȥͨҶڻָﵽ״̬ʱƴһԪҶȺ֪ܿǶڲ֮ǰովһ֮ա
ûʲô£ҶڳԪʼС
ռֲͬģ֡Ҫܳһʱƻع飡
˫ˮͫӿԼҲҪŽλ
ɽ¼ڣѾȥ꣬Ľʱ䣬ҶȲŻָƣҴﵽ˽λ۷壬ӵͨ򵥿Լָ궼ܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
Ҷ纺Уһɶ߿֮ϣܸ·޴ʱգһ½측֮С
־ǿߣ˭֮ең
ʼھſԴһӡϵ֮УҲ˼
նɱԪҲȫȥˣļвʥȣǿ߼ʱ֡
ʥҶȻ˽⣬Էһʣʱܷˣڻ޷ȷ
񼣣
пǹ񼣵ػߣȻ񼣵ػߣֻЩܣпܵľǹ񼣡
Է̫ǿˣǰľ֣־ѹԷǺεȵΪҲֻػߣŷ϶Էݡ
ᡭ
ȥ˫һϣԪʱữΪһŽӲӵԴھſԴ߸ߵƯԴ֮ϡ
Žλ񣬾ſԴž֮£ǾžŹ棬Բ磬һԪʼ񣬶аգڶʱ̳ɹΪϻʮԪϵ
Ҳûкʬ壬ֻеϸԼһЩԴڷǳȱҪ뾡취ø
ոͻƾŽλӭС飬ܿ쿪ʼ
ޣû°ɣ
ʱҶȸޣ뵽һ̣⣬Ҳڡ
ء
ųСβϤذ˰ڣûɶ顣
˱Ȼһ񣬶ֵܵȫһû飬漣ѵܶԿ
Īޱ仯ǳڻ仯
ҶȶԽԽ棬̤̫ţٵͷʥ˴ͷĸĴڣǶſҶȼͷޣǶʶ
޵ʲô㲻һޣ˹ޣôͷȻ֪
ɵڣûһǿߣԵ޵
ǰʱ䣬ڻɽķš
ŵǿ󣬲֪ΪΣҶָоҲǷŵĶ֣ҲӦüޣѵûз޵Ĳ
ྫѪںϣõһ仯ĪںҵľѪ֮ڳɳ֮УѾΪ򣬶˱仯ΡϢˣ
⣬ҶȻҲ˵ԼɣȻһ㣬صһ֣û˼
գۣȥ
粻ͻƣеʱҲԽԽˣ֪Ѿꡭ
ʱıһˣֻԷˣʿ˵޾ģҲ޷׶ҡԾŹȥľȻǿɽɽľ硣
ʲôһ̤Ԫʼ񣬿»Ҫʱ䣬Ļʱ䳹׽ú塣
صɽ֮УҶȿʼ鿴纺纺ΪЩ겢δоΪΪҶóա
纺ȴȻͣУ֮ͫе⣬żҲ֪֣֮δж
ȥҶȵȷûеõʥκϢҲõģӦûᾡȫǣȻ纺޷ǣֱƿǵܣһƳɽ缴ӭ֣֮
ôףЩҵļҲϻָԵâսǵойǵƷ
ǵǵƷ
ڵǿߣְֲ֮ҵԪ֮ڣȻƿգӹɽ磬ΪõıңʵҲΪ˱ǣԼǵܣڵԴ룬֮ɽ磬ڳϣȷ粨׹ȥͨԼУһǿһص֮Уںϼ䣬Ǵ飡
纺ؿҶԱߣһ۲ﶯ㷢΢΢趯ţʱǿߣҲǵͽλֲҼԪеķӡ֮Ҳֻ߶ȣҵʵ񣬷ӡ֮ҲȻĽ⿪ռһжֶҲǵƴˣֻδἰʥˣ
ҶȰο䣬΢ЦȥĶȥˣȻӵ֮ǿڲ֮ȥһ˺壬պȱ֮壬һͿȷˣԺ֣ҲԵõһЩǣûȥɽ磬Ѵ˴
Ϊ̫СüӰѾǶʼԪʼ񣡡纺żҸûҶȱ̫ԡ
ԲżΪһǺ֮壬ȥźǰⷽ᲻ذ㣬ʱΪܿ쳬ǣ
ҶӴ㽵ɫȻͷУҪԪʼ񡭡һȣ
ˣ
ͻȻҶƺӦʲôʱһ龻Ժͻֶ


2269 ԿĪа
ﵽŽλ񣬸ͨ仯龻Ҳһͻףػ鷢
ǡ콣ѵĪа񣿡
ӻ龻һӦʱ˫üʮа˾ĪаŮħͷʧ֮ã֪Ǳںδ֣Ȼǵ֪Ԫ£ֱ̫šɽ׷ɱǶԸõʱ
һδƽһ𡭡纺ɫҲʱס
ҶѾģȴûǰǰ㵣ģĪаģܰԪѹҲܽѹԪʵҪǿʵȻϾҪõڶ콣
纣ǵίһ󣡡
һâ纺ҶȵĹ֮С
תƬңԶʱգĪаϢǰ߶Ԫϴǧͼɱӭȥ
ԽһƬƬգʱս㴦ҶȻѰĪаǵúĪаʵԪҪ٣ԪһͿĪаƽɫԪǾŽλԪʼĪаҲλ˽λԪʼ֮䡣
ҶʵֲĿռֳĪаô죿ڲʱʱ̵̿ıԷ׷ɱ
ңһҪȫĪаնɱ
Ŷ
ҶȻңԶƲ֮УĪаüһӦ֮⻯Ϊ۵âСӾȻѵΪѹԪҲܶԸβܱˣ
Īаһ֮У֮зţٶȲǺܾˣһṦ߳գиΧصЦЦ֮󣬿Ŀڰٶȷš
㹦
Īа񣡡
ӦﵽµҶȣڸ߿շٶȣǰŲƣͻȻĿһǰһӰ
Īа
Īа񼴱ﵽԪʵȴҲΪնɱģԪ
һҶԵЩżϾѹĪаܵõ콣ʱ뾡취õݣվͿǰ֮УѰҹ񼣡
ûջǰ죬Ѱҹ񼣡񼣡
ΪһӰҶʧڸ߿֮С
ˡ
Īа΢΢ط𣬼ǰȥ
ݡ
һ޽Ѹײڶ֮ƣͻأشĪа󷽰մ̳ҶȵӰҲգա
ҶҧžһҪĪаնɱ
޹ȣ
ĪаɿȥûиӦƵģͻȻĪһЦʧˣȻһƬȻаɭɭ
Ҷȵ޽ȻЧΪһӰˡ
Īа񡭡
Ҷȴ󺧲ѣļƻĪаܶ㿪Ҳ޷ףĪа񲻵ʧˣڿռȫ֮ƿء
סΣ˷ѰĪаӰѵѾ̤񣿡
ܣԲܣԪɽĵӣδ̤ĪаֻһɢޣԴԼֻͨʱ֮ڣͻƼ㾳磿
ԪʼУѾϼѣ޷̤ԶԪʼ񾳽֮УԪ֮һ
ԭĪаҲǣʱҡһͳΪ
һֱ׷㣬ÿۿܽѹָܵҶȡǲǾǰǰˣǲǾãѹԪҲѹ
ǰʲôҲûаռ䣬ĪаһȼаֳĿֻ֮ɱ⣺챾ᣬѾ֮У
ͻˣҶ侲֮УȻһ޷š
Ĳడӷ˵Ǵﵽ
ʮԪڴ֮УдԴĻѾľͷҲ̤񣬿ɱעһɢޣŲӶһ½ԴܴﵽԪʼ񣬱õӶ̤˭롭ƫƫֵּĶ֣
ĪаʱȻûƽʱǸ콣ǿҵռ쳣侲񣬵ȷ仯
˵֮ĪаɫҲòϣͬΪɢޣǷߣҲɢһ֡ǱԶڱ֮ϣŴζ޷ѹԱ˵̫ˡΪõҲòһǰֵĶûи̤񣿡
Ҷһû뵽ⷽ棬ҲϾڸԼǶԷĶ֣ƫƫԼû취˵̤񣬲ûһˣܲ⣿ĪǰһжƵҵͷϣ
ҵȻ⣬㣬Ҳ¶ģѱ֮׸Զŵһǿа񣬴Ӷõаµܽ񣬷֪ζʲô
Īа˻ߣӴԼԼ޷ƣаܸؿҡҶȣһеĽѵûһϵҲͨˣǱΪͷԽһ蹵
Ϊ˳ΪΪ˵õĪаҲһţΪ˵õ˸ֵҿЩ߻ħɱΣ㲻ҪˣҲ֣Ҫõͬ쳣ѣԼѡ޹أ֮ҵùϲ㣬̤񣡡
ȱѹһжΪã
аϢȼյøʢĪаƤаͼڣһץ־Ȼһֵ
һֻѪſĹ֡
֪ҪǿʵնɱĪаôɲǼ䣬аȶ·ֻӶĪаԾâҶȣΧҪƵģϺ
Ҫ뻹ж࣬ɽ
˫ִһӡɲǼ䣬ϷͻȻ׹һֻâľɽ
ƣ
ĪаһˣҶһδν֣ѧ侲ԣϷֻؾɽͻȻӳеĴ
ͣ
ӳ֮һѪצӡɽֻشɽ֮ϣɽȻץķѡ
Īа̫ˣҲòԪڸ棬޷Ტۣ
벻ɽ㳬ͨĪаƽ⣬񣺡н
ȼֵͼʲô
ӶĪаӶ֮䣬צӡݺҶȣҶѾ޷ˣֻܣΪΧǼ̵Ĺȷӡ֮
ɱСˣн
нҶȿɲóĪа濹ģҪý󹥻̬
ңҪ̺˴ߵͨ
ֻ108нһڽٿȻɢȻѪĽ
ϢǴͷųѪצӡࡣ
ôҵϢĪа񾪲ﲻѡ
žž
ײһԽγһƬըâ
ء
ڴʱҶͻȻднģתȱԵͷһҧȥ
¡һͽλķһҧҶ˳޷ɳȡ
ˡ
Īаһͫɫһ鴦СôпܣͻҵĹȣ׽󣬾ȻͷųҵĹ̬
ĪаҲż㽻֣ҿܲ׷ңһˣ
ҶŵΧдݶ
ⲻ˶ãĪаһƣѹץģ߶޷ٶȣǰ׷ȥ


2270 ǹҧ
ಡ
ʱ֮
ϢֶֻԪʦɣ߳ĪаҶȽֵĸ߿ա
ɴ߶һȼս־ϲЦݣȷ콣ϢԪᵽӵ콣ʿ
Աһü˵˲ΪϢ
һӦ̤񣬵ʲôãһλǰʲôλʦ֣һҪ̫δʱץסˣһ֪һ콣ǱȻ콣˻δ̫ԶǰƬʱգ
׷
ɽͷԾ˵ٶƿնȥ
ء
ڴ½岼ʱ֮УҶȫٷУӱĪа׷ɱʵ޷նɱĪаģþںԪʼ񣬹ؼʱӤػдɱ䣬ʵֻһµĸ߶ȡ
Ȼ䣬ͷ޸оʲôΣϢСγ΢΢Ĵ֮ơ
Īаûô׷Īаʵ޷вңΪ޻ͻȻӦв
ޱȻƾոӦв߶ߣϴǧͼҶٴζգϢڵΪ֮Īаڶʱ䷢ֵġ
Ҷһգշȥ
ֻʮϢͻȻ䣬ҶȾ͸Ӧһ콣ǿϢôԪĵ콣֣
Ҷ޷ŵı飬ȴܿʧ֪ˣɽľͷɽȡԪ콣Ȼ콣ӦҵϢһ׷ɱټ֮ǰĪа֣ϢԷӦԷҲԪԪʼ񣬶ǻͷ
鷳鷳ˣ
ɽ¿֪콣ػĸ֣׷ɱ
ĪаĪаֻ뵽ϵ콣ȴ벻ɽıͼϵ콣ʱ֪ôģ
취ƽΣ֣һֱɽ׷ɱʵΣգҶɽ֣͵ɽֻѹĪаһõ콣׸ӦϢڡ
ʱ㶼㲻ˡ
һϢ
ҶȣͷŸӦΧޱ߿ռĶһͷ̾Ϣ
ãĪаǷˡ
ȫëֱˣһɽѹĪаҲܲˣĪаվͬһϡ
߶ǧͼ괩ҺҲܸӦĪаϢ
һ½֮ϣĪаֶüɱ⣺СˣƺǾŽλһ̤Ԫʼ鷳ˡ
ݡ
ͷŸӦѰҶʱĪаķ߿գͻȻŤĿռƣֱѹ
ⲻҶȵ
ȻһɨĪаĲӡֱֹаƣȼ֮ƣ߿գնķĿֲ
žž
ʯ䣬Ҹ߿ͻȻɱӰǳ֮ҪĪаڵĿռ䣬ȫ˺ѡ
ɽǿߣ
ĪаֻܣԽܣɽͷ˲䲨·һ½
һҪ½ֻھͷƲ£˲飬Ϊ
һ½ˣֱǻĴ
ǻδɱ֣ĪаֻҪ㽻콣ǻһ·Ȼ䣬һߴǰֳɭɭĪа
Ȼɽǿߣ
ĪаһЦȺ˿ǿߣĸǲǻ
ͬʱĪаҲͷ
ɼ˵Īаһλ񣬶˶λ񣬱˵ˣκһˣսʤģ
ҶǻȻܴҲ޷׷ǣҪװ׽콣Ը𣿡
ɲǼ䣬ĪаҲŪҶȲδõԪǷ콣Է֪Լ֮ء
һ·ƫƫѡ·ɱ
һͷλĴڣ֮УѾ۷Ĵڣ󣬾̤񣬵Ҫͻһݣޱȡ
ղλͷƣͻһ½жôֲ
ĪаȻõıԷΪͷϣŶԷĪаҲ׼ӭս
Ϸһ˾ͿԽѹ֪ôĶ
ͻȻȻΧճȼ״̬·һӳΪ硣
֨֨
еĪаӦᶼûУʼϯյò𶯣ĪаæһУƿգߴ
ƣ
ͷٶȸ죬߿գ˫һѹһ޴ȼվƣ˳ƳĪаѹ
а
ĪаץסаƣΪһɫаĽ޷ƣΧҲֻһǿӭȥ
䣡
ϧһλʵεеùλ񣿾ĪаӵԽܿ磿
һλӵжλʵѾǲ˼£ҲĪаǿĸ߶ȡ
ѹаƽŤΧռ䲻飬Īа񲻸䣬а
Īаûκ·ֻҺϣ
ĪаԷԿʱĶͻȻҶȹ
Сӣڴʲộû͵ϮңĪапЦȻǱǰǿл
͵Ϯ㣿
ҶԶգҪ͵Ϯһ㣿ܱʵ㣬֮УԻߣԪʦɣɽϣʵжɣǵõϵ콣ںϣҲֻ·һͬһϣ𣿡
ôģĪаĶˣΪ˵ʵһʧȥ콣ҶҲΣˡ
𲻴ӦԼڿ뿪ԶⷽʱգҲ֪ҿ̫ʱϢҵٶҲʶˣҪǰ˦һʱ䣬ǿ϶׷ң
вң
ĸв㣿ֻ׻˵ĺãձˣҲ͵Ϯ㣡
˵ıȳĺ㲻ǰԪѹ𣿾͵ϮĺֶΣ
һͿԸ񣡡
ãҴӦ㣡
ĪаؿаƽѾƣѹóŤ״̬
ʱϷͷҲҪʩչͨ
ҹȣ
С
ĪаͻȻӡֻվȻһ¸Ŀ״̬ͬʱĪаڵĿռ䣬ͻȻںϸռӰ֮С
ʲôֶΣ
ͷδʶ˲˼ͨĿռƿأ
գۼ䣬ĪаȻˣ
ǷͻȻҷͷһץʱ׷ȥ
õģڴڴ֮УʱǱһٶȾ룡
֮УֻҶȲٿǳâЩǱĪа߶֮ͨмۡ
ǲŹǣа취ԸǣĪаؿķȻҶȡ
ҶصЦǺǣð취ɽۻǹҧ취ԪӦù̫Ҳ֪콣֮£ǹŸַӰӣһǱػɽΪȡʱᣡ
ӻǲϲ
ʱĪаϣаЦݣϧǾòϣʱʱһааơ


2271 Ϸ
ϲ
ҶȲɵĥĥĪаǺųŮħͷϲˣǾĺǣҲӲħצ
ڵʱգĴͷںѰҶϢһʱ׼ȷ׷
һϴ½Ҷָ½գ㿴һ½֮Увٵ̫ǿߣǿɽ׷ɱңʵȻҰɽӵ콣ϢһޱǿϹŶΪ콣ϧʵ
ѻˮ̫ţͬʱҲǣңҶȣΪǸһֻʵϺ̫꣬ҪСˣȻУ̫ҲжţǵĵӴɼ㱻ǶϣԺпͷˣ
ĪаڵǰһҶȾǻðɣɱڣȻɽ̫ŶͽԼ뷨Ҳڲϱ仯
ĪаҵˣԪѱѹԪٲҷУԪ޳ûߣץҵֿвңɽŵӣһŮвԸңɻ㲻ʧҵϣҲϣ
ȻҲУǽͰļƻٸ˵˵
Ҳ㣬㻹ҵĴУϣ³Ұɣ
ץס㣬ҿԱ֤ɱ㣬ţȻ뾡취ΪãΪõ콣ԪҶԳ˯㳼ҳɾͲĸ߷壬ô
ץס죬ҿԿǡҵöԸʱ̫ŽӴҲõ콣ֻҪǳƤ£ɽ޷Ըǣ໥ǣƣ
֮ǰҷԪǷ콣ϣְնɱͿԶ뿪ܿǣϧûǸ£ȻҪţ䲻ӵ콣ܣţ˵Ż֣
˵Ϻ꣬Ϻꡭ
ʱ˿̣ҶĪа໥һۣĿ֮ͬʱ¶Цݣ뵽һȥˡ
֮֮֮ǰĪаҶΪ콣໥޲ðѶԷնɱ֮죬ھȻߵһ
˵жĪаϣҶһǿžͷȥԼʮһӡҶָһƿնȥҶҲתʧɲǼĪа
˵̫Ż𣿡
˭֪أ֮˸ղŻ׷ɱң¶ģӦϻƬʱն֣Ǿ͵źϷݣ
˶գʩչͨԶһͷӦ
ϣ
̫ŽڵĿռ䣬ʮŵǿ߸ΪȻʵδָǵλȺ
˴žͷʮŸջϣ˰˾ۼС֪콣ϣɽ׷ɱ֮У˴ǶԸɣ
ô죿
ھͷ޷˴£׷׿ˡ
ҪӴع飬޷ҲʵԸɽѾĬǶɽ֣ԴڿʼҪΧɱĴǿߣΪܸ˶ڣʵǼնɱ˲ʲô£ѾڴһҪԼϢϢʱɽսжɣ
ֱϾͷͷΪ

ʮ֣ȫͬʱϢһա
ƬʱյȴϢ
ңԶգĹϢϵطʱգĴͷ
ǰǿߵϢ
мˣǲһЩ
ĴͷƿٶȽ֮ǰճžͷ˫ˣԶʼʾ⡣
Ĵʱٿһ飬Ȼڵռ䣬ֲ˼ѷ졣
涯ˣ̫Ҳʲô񣡡
ңԶ֮УҶĪаͬʱ¶ɫǰƬռ˲飬Ƕô˵
Ŷ£ʤ̭ʿˡԼͷԼ˭ǲߵʬ۷ģĪамһЦ
ҶȱֳĬò˵仰Ǵͦġ

ռΪһž޴֩״
Ĵͷʿ֮Уվ۷ĴڣƬռ֮Ȼֻɢǵһͱ˺ѡ
֣
ΧȴĮķֻʮâӡΧռ䣬ͬʱݺݵץԵ
ͻͻͻ
˺״̬Ŀռ䣬ܳʮͷľ
ͬʱֵѿռ䳹ץ飬Ĵͷӿռ״̬ߣǿռγɵײסռ䲻ϵر֮С
ಣ
ʮ̫žͷΧռա
ʱȻտȥڸ߿վȻһ޴ĺڶڶǿռ֮γɳգһʱʡ֮У·һ½½Ҫƶ
磬Ӧóȥƻ٣ɱɣȡ콣Ŀһ֮УĪаͻȻƳһҶȡ
ҶȵԳһЦЦһȥӦȥһԣ
лᣬȻԥĪаʱ¶һݿЦݣȴ˲ɱ⡣
Ҫǳ֣ս
֮С
ǱѣˣĹ˵ƣΧʮͷΪʵͬŭʨ޲ýоͷ˺飬˼ɡ
ɽʲôɣʵǣ˽˭Ҳ߳ȥɱ
ʮǿߣȻͬʱ֣һϡ
޳ܣ
˸ץǻǱͬʱһȦȼյգ۾ɢΧա
䣡
ϧͨһҪܵѹƣȷʮ˵ӿֲһ֣ͬһƬٲϯһ𶯣Ȼ𳹵ʧ
ણણ
ֻ̫ھͷûκٳֵ˼Źʧžմε
봦һһѪģһ˿ϢҲûУƾڶԿѹ
ͣ
ӰͻֶһΧͷʱͷ¡
ɣ콣콣Ҫҵӵ콣ʿ콣һһʹ죬ϾЩ£Ƕһͬǿѣ
ѣ
һһ֮Աǡ
ۣ
һͷһƺ䴩ɵţƣʱ١ԼϢ
һ£ɱ˫һţûϢ
ԪҶϣʦģҲԶҲ벻Ҳôڷ
Ӧ콣
һǿߴĴһӲӣͷ콣Ĳоһʱ˶ΧĿ⴫˵е
ʬ壿
֮Уɽǿ߸ǵ뿪

һǿ߻һĴͷʬ壬һշ籩֮УɲǼͲӰʮǿҲæ뿪ա
ֵȥ֣ɽǿߣһΪ
ҶĪаֶ˶ܵĪа񵱼ǰ뿪֮Ҷתշ籩


2272 Ԫʼƽ
մ籩񶼻ʧУ֮䣬ҶȳͷʬƬ籩֮С
ʬġ
ʬ尡ɲԶսЩŵǿʬ壬ǵʬ徭Ԫķ绯Ѿɣոľͷʬһ̺
ɶ񣡡
߶ݺڷ籩֮У籩ͬħ˺ŵѰļõʬ塣
һߣ
ðոһЩͻȻһ߾ͷʬ壬ڱ籩߶һâһ¾סʬ壬ʬӷ籩֮ק
Ҳգܵõһʬң¿ԳԪʼˣ
뿪籩ֻתǰĪа񣬵ͻԪʼ棬ɣ
ûйĪаȥĪаŮħͷʼգҶȶΪԪΣգûʵĻʱʱ̶̿֡
ǧͼ󣡡
Īа񣬶֮ǰͷ֮սķ籩УҶȴ߶ǧͼֱӽд
գ۹ȥʱյıԵȻ̫ʱ
㹦Īа֮ǰҶȷ֮УͻȻȼյŭ𣺡С̫ƻˣȻˣߣʰ㣡
޲ó˵ģҶȼЦŹ֡
ʮ̫֮ʱգ
Ҷȴǳֳ֮Сһâ纺г֣̫ʱһ⣺ڵʱգôоϢ΢ҸоĹһ
ų⣬ûа취߶ޡһʿʺϷߣţڲѾͷĵÿһ㹻ԪʼµʿУ
纺û̫ʱգҶΪϸһſʼ鿴ͼ
һѰ֮Ҷպõͼ纺󷽺Хգ̫šɽĪаʱûв㿴ǰǷһЩɢĹʱգǽȥúУͻԪʼȥһ˴壬ҪҲؼңҲҪȥ磬Ҳ뿴໨Ŵǲ
ȥ壿Ӿ֮һǿ纺˵ؿҶȡ
ʵҲⷽ뷨̤翪ʼ֪ΪΣʱʱ̸̿о޷вţ𣬽֮Уֳ޷͵飬Ϻǣ磬ɽҲǾ޴вҵ뾡취ʵ塭ȷʵѵĵط
š
纺֮󣬴ǧͼӿâסˣʱ֮С
һʱա
֮Уһ󲻶
ڣơˡūȫոԶű˴ʱϢȻﵽԪʼ磬߳һƣƱȳƻҪǿ󼸷֡
ˣһǱ̸ĴڣԳū̫ҲҪһŵ˵ѣ󲻵ͷܴ߶ۣܴ˺
ƳԸԶűʵԪѾ֮С
ϵĿռ䣬ϵƯռ䡣
Զ\â֮ۡĹԼѪһһڱ֮ϣѪ棬ԶŹﶼһڳ˯֮С
Ѫ̴еĳƽнȻԪ񣬵ԼƵüĴƯһӲӵ̡
ƵԪֶһЩԶż䣬Լ̵ļԦ֮Ҽֻ֮ţıҲǼ᲻ɴݣϧ˵ĺܶԣΪ޷ܳΪ̫򻹲ɨκʱգ
108񼣣108˵Լ̣Щ֮һ
̣׺
Զ֮ӻ֮׹ģܵ˵ĵһϼλԶŴѣִֻ֮ǲģ
ǿһ֣
ÿ϶˵̫֮ڤЩԶŴ񣬶ǻȵĴӵнӽǿѪѪ˵ԼԶŴʵʣضһ޶Ĵڣֻһ֮ҲǶһ޶ģһĴʱ֮УȻһЩͬʣ壡
ǰȷţƣ
˵ļԶŴΪۣԶϤ˿ʻԿԶɴµԤԣ˱Ϊ˴ˡԼ𡯵ȵƣԶ粢ûķḻҪ˵ʱǺģūʱδչһ̶ȣγʱʱūȲŸˣʴ˶ǰ䣬Ҳֻ˽һЩ
ٺ٣֪ǰţƾˣ
ǸšаЦݡ
̫ʱոһС͹ʱ֮С
ȻҲܵԶŴսˮǻǵģƬɢƯ˸оͱ
ʱ֮Уһ
̫ˣ
Ҷ纺һâ֮УڶǰƯҶõʬ壬ɷͨ£ӿҶȡ纺ڡ
Ҫʼ׼ͻԪʼˣ
ãҶȸоڵѾﵽŽλ۷壬ͻʱˣ纺Ӷ֮ա
죡
ֻҶȽӡ֮Χһץʾʯ໥ںϷײеʴﵽɽǰ㾪ˣҶʩչ֮ԪزϵʣԼҶȵӡϣһµϢϵ
ҶҲ컯ȭڰʽںУһҶȵʵѾﵽԪʼ
ڲǵһ½ǵһɽټ̨
ԪʼǿֲģҶȶҲǾ޴вҲƽʱ̬ȥԴɽټ̨ҲڶƿصģڶԸԪʼֻ١
֮һƯڰգԼʮļ̨ˡ
̨žǹ㳡״ֻ봦ӵһøʯʯԶűɵ
̶ʱ䣬ҶȾ͵̨ЩҪ½ҪһСʹ½ûаԪ޷ɵģԪĴ½ֻǹͺͺذˣҪĻҪһԪʱ䣬һĴ½Żᵮ
ɼ֮УҪһ½쳣׵ģԪʼʱͻһ룬Ǿ̫ˣ
Ҷ룬ִӡ̨
ϵǾ˰
һâظʮԪеıҶȣȻⲻʮԪеҲǿȵͽλؼϵҪġ
ᣡ
ʼӿϵнӿ룬ͬʱҶҲʼϵӤ͵ȲˣҪϵҪǣӤҲֱɾͿˡ


2273 ԵԪʼ
Ԫʼ֮;һδɱ䡭
зӡ⿪һﵽ۷ӿʱؼĽʼ۶ңֹܿơ
񷣬ԺХ̤֮־ѹȣίʵˣѹȻҶѹȶһڲӡ
һӡȫʧ֮󣬴δйĳϯȫҲʵﵽ۷壬Ҳֳ
ˣ
ڲӿҶҲʼʽƾſԴںһӡ֮󣬾ſԴķӡϰ룬һһɢȥԴ֮еʼܿƣϵͷų
ſԴ֮žŹ棬ͻƾþſԴںϣſԴͨУһſںģﵽͻ֮ʣֱҪһεںϣſںϣﵽ桱ᵮһڲͬԴ
ǾԪʼ߶ȵԴ
ڤڤ֮Уһжмѭġ
֪ȥͨںϣſԴͻȻըըн𵤣ӤѾմϵҶѹƱըƣȻҶȳûһӡ
ӡͬشסڲıը
ӡҶ˫һᣬʱΪһŶĿԪ࣬ʱ֮ϣնǽӿط·һϣֻнٻ׵Ͽߣһٶħ
ˣ
ڣΪһոµԴԪʼ߶ȵԴſԴɡ
⻹δɣֻжɹش٣ԴŻﵽ״̬һܶɹ٣Դͬһ˲顣
ɣһ٣
ҶͻȻվվһϷ̨ҲʼȼȼճṩҶȶɽ١
߳߳
һٹȻˣ̫죬һס
ײڣǻϢѾﵽܺ˵ĵزܴ⣬ɲǼ䣬ҶҲʼ߶޼˻ס
ڰ׾
˫ͫͻȻڰ׹⣬׹ͻȻںϣһڰ׹ͻȻ˫ͫŵһ׺ȥ
߳
ϵڰײһͬϵ໥˺ҧɶԷҶͻأһ׹ٴαƣ׿ʼ˺顣
Ԫʼ̫Եˣһپ
ȥϵﻹ໥ģһ죬ڣϵâȻ󳹵ʧ

֪ڶٽž޴ޱȵĽٻγɵĻɽ
Ӥɣ
ͣҶҲҪȫҪٸӰԵֱʩչӤ֮Ļϵʼӿ

ſһ磬һɾ޴׹µĽٻ𲻵ҲںֻͨҶȶԴ٣Ѿгֵ׼

ɽٻɽѹ𣬶ѹò³ûһᣬʼֱ𣬰ٻɽסŵһĻˣȻ֮ϰ룬˷ɢȥ
ֻͨӤȫΪҶṩҶڿֻͨ
һҶѾĺܾ˵ǰ׼һ̨ʱʱָ̻̿
ĵ٣ҶСԿ£һһоյĻ⡣

ɽ٣ҶǳԲԪҲļͨҪԪĽϣҶ涼ûƵĻɽپΣˡ
ԪţվԪʼ۷ĴڣҲҪ֤ͨԼӶõɽֻͻû˰ԪɽٳɹܣֻмɰˣһԪʼһ˳ɹ̤Ѿ漣֮е漣
Īаڣ̤ҲõĹԶаϧԼаа־һпܸǱؽĪаΪ壬ĪаִڣҲҪ
Щ˵ûƣֻʧܣܳɹ
ǵߵ٣Ҳǿ֮һ
ͻͻͻ̧ͷһҶȵĿ˲أΪٷ籩֮׹
˺㣡
̨Χ߶ʥͨɽԪޱֻ֣ϣɲǼһֻشֻ֡ؾɽְͣգ赲ǹ߹ɷ籩
˿ֱ̣ʿ춷ضҲĵʵдա
ٷ籩Ϸ֮ÿһתܰѿռ˺飬Ըֻͨһδα籩˺飬ҪһгԽĴڣҶȱҧ֣ٿȥ֮УҲҲĵһ̡
ģھΣ֮Уġ
پħվľͷ
ҶȾͬϣСͷ
˾ˡ
֮߹ɷ籩ſʼҶȫ亹벻ɽ٣һʼ;죬ǰδйġ
пͷǣڰ˳ƽȻ̬ͨҶȵڷģ̬һ޴Ƭٻ𡢽ٷ硢׵ͨͨﵽƽı״̬
֮ٸϣϣһʮɾ޴󣬶֮࣬
н
ʵ̫࣬Թʥǹ޷Ըùֻʩչнǽǵһѡ
߶֮108ֳ
޼ݻޣ
˫ֽӡ֮нһͬںԴߵ108񽣣ʱΧյ֮ȻΪߵ108գﵽһƽ״̬
ȥɣн
ҶƵĵһҲΪԼΣͷͷųޱͨ
ݣ
һ񽣷ɳ߿գǵ֮нֱʩչмϵĹʽɲǼ䣬߿ȻԼ֮108񽣴̳Ϊ콣ϯȥ
¡¡
Ļ˲ըҶȻûԱըҪΪнṩһδαըǹʵԺصѹûļ֣нҲͷӲ
ʱ˿̣н׹ٶԿֱսһ㣬ޣǡ
ⳡĳ˽ʮ죬ŴнĲҶȫ߶һء
һ٣ҵȵľ㣡
ȵھŵٽ٣ҶѾȫ˼£Ҳ߶ģʵһӴﵽ۷塣
ˡ
Ϸ֮УͻȻһ׾޴ĺɫݣһݽһŸݿƲ˵׹
ھŵ٣Ȼǻġ
Ӥһͬ߶ͷ
֮нϵ̵
ˣ
һӲӵĽҶΧ֣ɽ󣬲һָһͬ˳ſݡ
䡭
ʮеһݣͼݱըը֮Χһռ䶼ΪƬΪڶ
ݣҲ£ϱը
벻˾ˣҶݹҶȵĻը֮Ҷˡ
ͬʱΪӤ۵âҶֻڼȫ
м̨ṩҶȲܵڻվš


2274 컯ȭھʽ
ӤҶͬʱʩչͷųȷԵޱȣˣھŵһݱը֮ҶͷϿճһ˵պڶ
ϢѾͱˡ
Ԫʼ̫ˣһһգӤҲǡ
ҶһǱδ⣬һѾĵò࣬ɽٳɹҲҪʱָܻ
ˡ
ϤԪʱڶռ䣬͸
ԪûܵڶӰ죬ֱҶȶмֲţͷɷ̨ͬԼԪһͬڣƣӴԪƤÿһëʼԶ
Ѫ֮еϸҶȿƣ׷ԪӤҲգн𵤸ֽӡϢҲ𽥻ָ
ܿͿʼ飬ԪڳƺԪʼ޴ΪԪʱҲǰӺ
֮ԪʧؽŤ״̬ò˶þͻ᳹ʧ
û٣ʧȥвҶָܾ
һգָҪܳʱ䣬ҲҶΪ׼̨ԭ֮һڲϳš

ӭ顣
Щ޼ɵϵ
˵ľˣԷϵ֮γɵľͷҶҪӤֱպ󣬱Ȼ᲻ɱ䣬һζɽ٣ʩչ
ʼʽݾ˵飬ҶȿԸоӤյٶȺóͬʱҲóԴȵȣȻʯ࣬ҶȿӵдԴ
ϼ̨ӵãҶڲϴﵽһλԪʼ״̬
֮󣬳׽ʾ֮ߡֻߡߡߡͨ塢塢ߵڲӣԾߣ԰Ƭʱգһ
ƬռʵС̫ʱʮ֮һʮ֮һҲڵʱվ޴ٱҲ˵ҶԸǴﵽһٱʱա
Ƕô˵뵽ʥͲʲôˣԷһ˫ͫ⣬սʱʩչǲŽͨһ˫ͫɨζԷβϢͨҲӲӡ
֮УҶоĹĺϢҲ仯ˣʱ仯Ǿ˵ġ
Ŷ̶ʱ䣬Ӥ޴ͷﵽʮģˣ
֪ǧȥ
֮УҪҶȲżҪϵںϣûȥٶȡ
Ȼɨн𵤣ȴӤһâڽ֮ϣǰ˾СкһӢ˵꣬ҶȵڳƳǿ̿ʱڲ䡣
ӤҶʶͨˣ仯ɣԼҲ⣬ⲻĹͣ˽ԪʼԼ˵õǷϵĹͣʮ֮һʶ
㻹ҪУѸоߵѾʣʣкܳľ룡
˷ģʱʱ̿Ҷᱣ״̬
Ӥ˵Ȼ˫ֱۣҶƿߣ֮е̫һԼӤƣһҶȫѽߵ
üӿٶȣѴǧͼнԪʼƷʡ
ʵǲߵģҶְעҪķϣǧͼн⣬ҪͨҪھ֮УƷʡ
ʱϣҶֿʼ̫ͨʼ
ˡ
ոմ߶̫ͻȻԪӿһ
ֳ˫͸صһƬ֮ͫԪ֮С
ǡ
Ԫںһ̣Ҷ¶ЦݣΪĵݣ컯ȭھʽ족ط
ڰʽҶھʽ죬ҶΪڶʱ併٣벻ͻԪʼ󣬵ھʽطͻȻ֡
ʼоģڲϵ֮Уǧȥ
Ҷһڿָ״̬˵ǰҶһæӤɱ䣬ʵﵽ״̬Ҳѵھʽڻͨ
Ӿ֮Ҷ컯ȭУ컯컯Ҳǻһ޵Уе޵Ḷ́Ҳк֮ܶ񾭹ԵھʽҶԽое񾳽磬Ȼһ֡һ桱Ĵ
Ϫն֮С
ھʽǽڵڰʽ֮ϣҲһָΰĵͨûͿҳΪһء
Ϊߣ컯ȭУھʽҶȶԣǼ졣
ʱתָǧȥӶɽٵڣѾȥǧꡣ
䣡
ҶȻһѹɽٶõļ̨˲飬ɲѼ̨ձ׷ٵ
ĴͷɱɽȻ̫ưոݣĪа񶨻ڰпӵ콣û˼Ըˣ
˼һᣬҶϢͻص֮󣬶纺ΪѾﵽܸ߽׶ΣҶȡơԣѾһ󾳽硣
ϢһᣬҶȾͿʼɽͷʬʣʩչ龻ְ纺һλԪʼΪﵽ߽λԪʼʵԼ纺ӿٶȡ
ֱǧȥ纺һһԼҶ׼ؾΪʼͻƣﵽ߽λ񣬶ҪͻȴܣҶ԰纺纺ȴҪͨ򣬲ҵ
ʴˣ纺Ҳʱ䣬Ҷȴ߶ǧͼˮȥ
ʥҾ׼ùڴͼҲϵ
ٴ֮УҶ纺һͼһͬоգ۾ȥѾԶ̫ʱգһʱշȥ
ˣ
˭֪ҶȱڴʥڶʱӦΪʵٶԼӦٶȶˣʥµķڰ˶
ǰڱչˣҶȣһں㣬ϲȳʥŮʥ򵥶Ȼӷ֮д
ˣ
֮һɲõͷϮͷ
ﵽ廹Ҫ꣡纺ǰ޾ˮ򣬷Ǿɫ͸Ȼ
겻ʲôǶԴﵽԪʼҶ˵ֻҪκУǧ꣬ǧꡣ
ͬʱͨھ֮УøʣнƷʣڣӤҲһֱ˵ϵʱʱ̣̿Ҷʵڲϵ
һߵʱ֮С
벻òûһо˵ңڲŻָ
âռ䣬һϣΧâ֮˫ͫ¶ǵİ
ŮһݺİοԷȻԶžͷ磬㲻ԺϳЩԶžͷģ
ʵڵģȥҶȣǶԸҶȵģ֮ҶСֵܻÿԼΣϣ֮У
곤ֿ̾ʼͷһâѹС


2275 

֧֯״̬һ޼ʣһߡ
ϺХΧκε죬ǰƺϡһЩӰӡ
塭
֮Уǳ֮ͻأݿնҶ纺·ޱ޼ʵĺ磬Ķȫɡ
ͬӣеķ泾٣֮мӵдʹˮ仯ʴܴӺ֮УоԵ
Ӧˣһ͵
һȻӺ
ʥĪʥﵽˣ
벻̤壬ͱʥӦˣһ纺Ծº֮У纺ں֮УоǴ󺣵һӣκηѹȣһһЦ·ܴ
Ҷȴ纺ϣڤڤ֮иоһɴ󺣷ںϢʿ֮У޵֮һ
Ǻ֮塣
纺¾ˮļ͸һ͸ɫ˲Ϣĺˮ磬Χ֮Уκ񶼲Ķ֣ͽλԪʼ񣬶Ҫܵǣơ
ʿȻں޵еģ纺Ǻ֮壬ʥһĴڣһ봫˵֮еĺкܴϵ
Ӧһᣬξ纺ƺˮҶȿʼȥ
ӵʮҶȣԼͨں֮УҶѾ뺣ʿһ޾ǱȲԼ纺񾳽ĺǿߣҶ˵Ҳһּս
Խ磬Ҷ纺ӿףһֱ纺ʥء
֮УһЩӴɺȺԼһЩСͳǳأʿҲԽԽࡣ
ʿ࣬󲿷ֺʿǺ֮еޣΪʣһǨ뺣࣬Ǿк幦ӦЩ࣬ȻԸģ඼Ͷ·ɻ𣬵۹ɣǲ档
к֮УΪӹɵģκǿײеĺҲĶ֡
ʥˣֹһˣ
ԼϷУĺ纺ҲҶʱʱ̿ͷں֮У߸Ҷ޷ȼġ
ҶҲʼӦֱ֮ŸӦʥϢģɺʿǿϢһϾҪǰ֡
Լ㹦߹ɺ󲻶ϵӿһǶͼ۵ʥͬʱֳԱȻʿǴ󲿷ֶǸ߽λԪʼԼͷ
һߣŲԶϣǺһλҪ
ͬʱʥڸֽǣҲ֪ǴһϣΪԱ߼֮УкڵţҲк߲㡣
ͨӦҶȴſΪﵽĽλλ߶ȣӹעʥʥȻ֮ǰˣ̤񣬴֮ɼƺơ
ҶȣʥŮһ·ˣǺ峤ϰϣ⼸λ
ʥ볤ϰշҿʼΪҶȡ纺ܰ˵ݡ
ֻǰǿߣһĿⶼ纺ϣǺɫ˲仯Ϊ㵡ɼѾȷ纺Ǻ֮ݡ
ÿһӵк֮ʿǺδȫҶȣֻע纺ԭ
ʥעһֱ纺ϣֱһŹҶȽ̸ҶЩľа·纺Ϊȥ
ǰǿɴӺر
ҶʥţʱҶȺܹעǵ䣬ʳ
ƱͻȻüΪ˻ƵǴǷֱ֮һص壬ļλϢΪ֮һΪҴҪϢƸʥأɸָ߲̤񣬴ǧ֮󣬱뺣弸λϣԼһЩӨǿǱ壬ûжرңһҲûܻŻλҲں֮Уһص壬߲巢սͨսǿƶر벻ǣǼĳһ죬ҺҪǳطͻϮǳػ
ô͵ϮɹǲҪܵѹ𣿡
ʱҲ뷨ȥ͵ϮʱҲΪܵѹȣй¶٣Χɱ徹ȻǱҺ磿ǲ֪徹ȻѾƽرܣƳر͵ϮҺĺǼԦرǱҺ磡
ƽرܣ
·ȻֹҶ벻췭ظתۣʵڳϣرƽ⣿
رױƽ⣬â˵ѴӺرܡ
ʥͻȻһǸҺܣҲĴ£ĿǰˣΪˣ½еһЩܣ޷˵ף
ס
ȻѾƽرܣôػӦ԰취ҶһˣرֹغδȻ޷ܻϤġ
İɣʥŮͻغ壬ʥŮϵʥŮõصԺõϿɣЩҺĹϵǺܺãηִ£ǺǿԮľͷȴûӦӵ˫ϵԽţ
ľͷͬ⣿ΪΣвǺһƻʱյѵЩͷ޶ã
ȻһӣҲûʸִ£ҶȣҺ壬һúùһ䣬̫ʱտɺöˣ
ǰȥ̫ʱգ
ûȥǺЩϣȥ̫ʱյģһЩͷϵۡҺҲպգڿɲһʿһߣķߣ
ʥҶȸ첲䣬˾ĺˮ磬·ЩǳԽԽ޴󣬶ɳǳسȺһЩȺɽҲԽ׳ۡ
ֹһһƬϰǳɵĳǳںġ
Ǵ壡
ҶһԼǿĺʿԪʼ̫ˣ뵱һʥ񼶱ĺǼΪټġ
ϰΪףǳأǳǰ޴ྦྷʯɣɺȺǳںϣһпȥá
ʥˣ
ǳأǰһƬΡĹȺÿһȺ
ϰ纺ڸ֣빬֮УʥҶһһǰ;ٺǿߣʥ
ʿں岻ǳϣλȳϻҪߣܵʿء
빬֮ʥʹҶȹ˹䣬ʥ֮ǰΪҶ׼õģʮŮҶȡ
ȻǺ壬ūҲλͼ࣬ǶǨ뺣壬޷ӦԶ޷Ϊǿߵ࣬ںûеλͬͨա
ЩͺúϢ֪ܹʥŮҪȥμӺĻ飬ʱʥŮϢȻٴںһ䣬ֻܴ뺣ĺڸˮ֮У
źһкʥ͸Ƕȥ뿪֮ǰ෬
ҶҪʱʱ̿ʵʥ뿪֮ͿʼУȡﵽһλԪʼ״̬


2276 ѵ
Ҷȣ
֮Ҷһֱڹ֮УʮŮ澶ҴҶȣǶʲôȻõ˵ա
һʥԦһƬˣڹǰ
ҶȼҲӹ߳ʥʩ֮Ⱦǹ纺
ʥҶȷգٶȲ죬Ȼָ೤һͬΪʥŮϴ裬֮壬ѽ뺣ʥرչأҪܳʱܳ
ͺãҶ֮вࡣ
һҪԭ򣬱ǺڲܣӦҲ֪£纺Ѿ֪峤رطϢ
ҵȷ֪
Ϣ߲𶯣峤Ҳˣ֪ͨĸ߲㣬ʱ䣬߲ΧǿߣһͬоرƷζʲôһƷǾͲȥӺررһǸֲ
⵹Ǵ¡
ʱҶȲһɫ벻õϢѾ˴ȷǸƣ巢ս
ʥҶȼ򣺡¿ֱ֮ܶƴرҲҪʱ䣬ʱҾʹúںһ䣬һһϢ㣬Ϊ纺ݵ⣬߲Ϊ纺Թ֮ͨеĺϴУϣܳɹһҺҪµĺһͳڶຣԼ壡
˷Ҷٴһѵкڣ
ǹ˵֪࣬ʣҿԸ㣬ԶŴǷǳϵ󣬺ڵʱڣʱԪֲŸոտã绹һƬ磬ûжͨһƬƬΪֵ壬ʼγӵˮ򡭡Ժʵڵģϧֻкܹ֮ͨˮ֮еĹϴУǿߣ뿪ϧһֱûгɹ
Һܺһ㣬ĪҲԺĴɣ
޷ش㣬ںϹŶҲ޷ش㣬ΪĵļԪʱʮԪȥԶŴ䣬һϽţϵܣѾ޷ϤǴǼٴԶŻĲͷҲԽ⿪⣡
ʥЦЦҶȷɹһǳء
Ƿǳǳطֲ
ʥͻȻָҲĺ̾Ҷȣ㿴ǰƬڣʥ֮ҲУ
֮ȣȥҰд߶龻֣ãȻǷˮо˰
ˡ
Ӧ֮ʣ֮ˮǷͻȻӿϢ龻˲両һ
Ҷʥһࣺǰˣ
𣿡
·ʥִɫüȥɫҲΪ֮һ䣬Ҽдһ⣺ȷʿˣ

˴Զˮܳ۵ˣ˵ᵫҲӽʮ꣬ʥࡣ
ϢƺǰһҶȺʵ
кܶಿ䣬ǿ²첿ԪԪһǰԺǿĴڣ²첿Ϊͷ֮һȻ壬ΪѪԼйһϢҲͬ
ԭҲ֣
ᵽ岿䣬ֻһ֣ĴԶǸʱڣĲ࣬ϧ綯δսҺɱǿ䣬ԶʧѾԶ֮һȲϣ
֪޵ͷǶôǿ󣿡ʥ̾ҶҲ뵽䡣
ʥ㣿
ĸַΪһԪʼΪﵽԪʼ۷壬ԱǿΪҪЩ
һʥֵЦ֮дһݵ⡣
ҶֻƳһۣͿʥλԺǿйڣʥҶǱ飬͵ΪǺţΪλԪһǳӣһֱĦ͵˵ĻƨͿˣ
Ҫȥʥת׵
ΧһλʥŮмɫǳˣ
ţκη涼һ֣ʥ֮ϵƣ˵ֺ
˲ǰͣ£ʥ֮ʣͻȻԱ߿ͨҶȣмĺȵ΢࣬¹񣿡
ҵѣʥվ
ѣ
Աһ쳰ЦʥΪĨڣһ࣬ʲôʸΪѣ
ǰʥֱֵڿ죬˵ʵʲôѣʸΪ𣿡
ĿƽɨҶȣ£ҪĹȣ
̫֣ҵѣҲǶҺкܴ׵ˣ㡭ʥŭ֮ð
δ˵꣬ҶͻȻǰһ
Ͷˣ£
Ҷ߳ԺİԼΪҶǷҪ¹⡣
ҶȴƽķһҸ£ûʸ񣡡
˶ʱЦȥˣ˵ʲô
˵ûʸҸ£³ܲˣҶƽһֽһ֣˵
ʢŭ֮£ɱ𣺡ʥҪÿ
ǰ㲻ù£ſϷɣ
Ҷֳʥͷʥ֪ҶʲôˣȻΪߣзִ磬뻯£ҶаգԼҲܺ棬ǹϵ˺

֪ɷ˵֮£һץֱɨҶȵԴһƾҶ
ٿ
˵ʱʱ죬Ҷȹһȭӭȥ
ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
Աĸ֣ѰһеЦ

ȭͷײһ𣬶ҶƾȻֺȭͷԵؿסĴơ
ܣؿһĻ
ʥһ֣һŵģ
ҪʬΣ
ݲһСͼ࣬һͽλԪʼ࣬սĵλʱƱһɹӿȻץһָâҪʵҶȸնɱ
ˡ
ոշǰҶȴˡ
ٿ
գۣһ޽ڰĲϣҶȴӺֳĮغȵҪСĵˣʵǸ嶪
˵꣬ǰȻҶһ£֮ʣȴ벻Ҷһһű߷ɣһѪ
٣
ԱŷӦæ׷ȥ
ʥϲЦã
Ҫɱ㣡
Ǳվ˲ᣬ˫ֻзڵɱ⣬Ȱ裬Ȼҡһ䣬Ϊһ׾޴ĺ˫ðźڹ⣬һڣſҶһȥ
ѵղĸѵҾķڷ
ҶͻȻһֻ֮Ϊӡǰ޴ĺ

ﵽһλԪʼҶȣʵжǿԼ֪ؼӤޱ䣬ߵѳʣʵɲǾݵġ
һưѰͷףȻһơ
үү
ͻȻҧһӡ


2277 ǿߵĿ
ʥ֣Ȼ֮УΪչǿʵȻǱҶ԰Եʵѹ
ҧʲôȻȫҶȶ֡
ӡǣ
֮УˮΧռ飬Ҷȼ֮ʣѹӡüͷһ壬ЦֹӸ磬ʵȴս飬ֻǽְˣ㾹Ȼ
ֻˣ
˶һצȻ˸޼᲻ݵ̹⣬Ҫǣһߵ־һҶȡ
ʥæɳֹٶȥСģǺϣҲǰүүȡ
ʥȲ𹥻ٶȻӿ죬צռ䣬ҶѾҪС
ڴһ̣ҶʩչԼֻȻռΪһӰκιռ֮Ҳ׷ױֻҪΧκĪ𿪡
ͬһŴܣػҶȡ
ಣ
գۣҶȾĪʧڰɱΧ֮С
ʥʵٶȶգۼˮգйڣʲôͳ֪ҵõȸ߲кܲ
ಣ
֮⣬ˮ˺ȻӿҶȴݵֳһ˫ͫͷŭɱ֮⣬ٴζҶȳ֣ʥ̬Ⱥܼڰգǰһ
ˣ
ҡһ䣬Ϊ״̬ݺݵصһҶʥһ䡰ơ֮ȷȥ
ǰл棬창𲻿ܻưڸݣҶ̤˶ʼն
벻̶ʱ䣬ʵӽĵزһӴܵĸ߶ȡ
ʥٴμҶȣ¶ʮİĿ⣬뵱̵۳Ӫ纺ʱҶȻһʵﵽ֪꣬ҶȾһԪʼʵﵽĳ̶ȡ
СİҶ˽⣬ܻưڸݣүүǺĳϣںĿˡŰ裬뿪˵
ҶȻӦʥһ䣬Ҷȷһ
֮ȣһһϡ̵Ľ֮ڲɽȡ
үүһҪڶ
һɽУİ𣬾Ȼһһͨ£Ͱ͵
߾֮ǰɱҶʱͷ־ͷȣ
Ϊϣʯһ״һʹ飬ʲôţֱ競档
Ҳ޷κΣһְֻѰ̾ϢϷǰ軵ˣԼ
һԩүүʲôʱùУ
ǺùʱʥðɣһδܴﵽԪʼ۷壿벻ϷĶǺľţ֣ȴǸļһֻۡԹˣκڶԷӲԭ򣡡
үүᵽʥ޻˵ȸ߲ܿһ̤񣿺ߣ
ѽ㣡
֪Դޣûκθı䣬Ȱڰ֣ˣȥɣ
һƨ£ģүүѵǸ΢࣬Ͳˣ
Ϸ棿䣬ֵλȥѵһ㡢㡭Ȳһû
үүҲգҪһҪﵽλаհСɱˣ
㲻ʥһɱ˰ɣ
ߣҲ밡ԪһӣҲ֣
Ҳգһ壬үүΪһҪǵãһΣԺҪͰ
лүү
𼤶ߣ˲ͱһТ˳ӣ֮ǰǲģھǰ˳
˵ʱ߶үүӡʱһֵֺĴֻһһλԪʼ񣬵ȴʵɲܵģƺܺ巨ѹȣϸкֵܶôĵطȻүүδӦ㣬Ҫһΰ鷳үүҪȷʵٴγԴ
ϾͷȶȻ

ȵӡԺľͷöԺıԴںϣʱͷԼޱ߸ӦӦ֮羪κΧϯȥ
㹦
ڰȵĸӦУʥҶȸֶһƬ׹ϳǳȵעҶȡ
ˡ
һİȣԪŸӦڰпҶȹ֮УͻȻҶΧһɹϢںϡ
ȵһд˼飺ˣˣϣΪһɼԦϷ־Ҳų⣬ѵڣʲôر
֮̾̾󣬰ȵӡ߶ĸӦ
ԭӵԪϢ΢ڻһɸȻȻСϲܣϷףΪҺ岻ܷѹȣ˾ʵԭ򣡡
ȼӦһᣬſ˫ۣһں԰ȴӡ𣺡Ǹ֮ܽܣΪӦһıһΪıүү뿰λ͵ϮԷǵðʬõڵıܣүүаڶʱ̤񣬴Ӷ׷ʥ
лүү
ץס뵽ҶҪӿܡ
ǿҵıԼԱĺ棬ٴԣκ˷Уű֮һ뿪֮ȡ
ðȷΣȵĲӰȻҲ뿪֮ȣֻ֮ͷŸӦ
ãѾΧ硣
ǳء
Ҷѻص֮мУʥص崦һЩ
Ǳ޾꣬ͨУĿǰǴﵽһλԪʼ״̬Ҫﵽһλ۷壬ҪܳʱУӤʵӣʮԪеıʣһûб
һȫӤﵽһ߶ȣҶȵҲᷢɱ䡣
ҶĿǰľ纺ĽͻȻҶȣ˵ʥϵļҶӼ֮󣬵֪ԷʥҶȸϽȥʥ͡
ҶȲδ֣żҶ뿪֮;úΣʥҪԼػͨϵ
ԽԽԣҶȰд߶龻֣νļҶϣȻӦһϤƣʥǰ
Ȼʥ˵ˣȻҪôҾ㳹ѧ
ΪļҶԽǳأԷҪһƬûгǳصˮ
ˮУҶ͸ӦϢ۸Ӧ׾λá
ٿ
һɽʱǰǸҶͻȻʧȥ
ţһ޴νŰֳڰգӸ´ЦαҪˣ
㱾£ѧ˰ɱ͵ϮҲ̫רҵˣҶ޶Եķ
㡭ͷƣ
޵֪ΪΣҶ飬һӻץסһһƴν֮С
ݡ
νͻȻͬһ㣬һȻƱʮֹ˳һҶϷĺˮգѾ
Ҫǣǽ͸ѹ˲ͰҶȼ̷顣


2278 
νʵڿֲ
̫ͻȻŷ飬һѹȾҶ޷ΧˮռѾνγ޷Խ
ɣΪɱ㣬׼һݴﵽλ͸㣡˫۲ţþȫѹסν˿Ŀ֮£Ҷѳɴɱĸ·һ
λ
ֲǿ˹ҶûзӦֻᣬѵֻе
мЦţҶȵȴģЦĸ޼ɵνѾ벻ʮףνѰҶȳ𿪣ͷ𽥳һЩĿĵѪۡ
뱾Ϊеˣк³˲䣬֪νҶùʣѾҶȵĽ֡
ޣ
ǰԶ֪֮κ漣пܷ
ͷСͻȻȶСβһڣٿһ£Ҷͷ׸ߵϿգſС죬νһںڶĹ
ЦĪСܾ㣿
ء
ҶȲδӦ޷·ŭˣͬʱνѾСԴ֮ϡ

λνһƵҵͷ֮ϣһ̣һνС֮УСС壬ò³
ܡ
һϴСĹֵܵλ
һĻðŴ죬һ޷ŵģ
Ͼûв֮£𣬿ԶǵˣҲٶˣ
߶Ԫǿʵʣνƣ󲿷ƶ޻⣬˲ɳΧʧ·̫ɵҶȵĿռæתΧһƿָ֮Ϸ
䡭
һжѣѸаһѪʼûһںڵףͷſ죬Ͷſռһγɵâ

ڿռҶȣһʵʵֻ̫࣬ͨʵĻϣͨѹư𣬶֮·ǰ츳ͨǳѹһţȻ
С
ʱʵʵĻǻܾˣͨȻǵһѡ
ҶԴͨӵֻ߽ϵֳǿպɨ֮ʣȻͻأضˮգգ۴ҲຣˮռֶȻȻˮɨȥ
㣡һ˫üһȻſһһסѹͷν
νٴﵽһλǿ֪Ҷȶ֣ٿνٴҶչΪҶʵܿ
ء
ùȵزסνƾβٿأν޷ơ
͡
һҶѸײڶ֮ƣ߶ߣڰһ࣬޽һӣ֮ǼӲƤȻҶһѪۣʱںˮռ֮ʹֱС
үүңң
ǱҶȴˣ˵ȺҶ³´ѾҶȽֵͷҡڣ֮ȷȥ
˺ûᣬҶҪһӣ޷ĨӰΰһС棡
˵꣬߶Ԫ׷ȥ
ͳεĴȻһ׷ɱʵڻ
ţ
û׷ԶҶȷְٶȹȻת¶ڨڨЦݣҶ˫ü
أ
ͬʱ޻صҶȼͷͻȻϷˮŴС
ͻͻͻ
һɹѹ֮޷ΣϢȴҶüӦֱӰϷˮռѹ顣
̫µֻͷž˿ֲҶ붼û룬߶ǧͼæܣոʧڵĺˮռѹ顣
ۣ
ڵĺˮռ䣬˲飬ҶȶռӦʵٶȱȲϿռ飬ոʧֱҴӿѪʱǰȾ졣
ǿߵʵҶȻпռٶƣԷʵûκһ˿ܡ
үүСӣԶѻûΪ̬һǵ⡣
ಣ
ϷռȻֺߣԺĳϣȡ
ɨһҶȣһҲû˵ֱһſָҶץ
ʵƣѴﵽҶ޷ĸ߶ȣǶõıֶΣͻȻ𣺡أ

ڿڣһھɭɱ⡣

һɿȣƺ֪޵Сֱĳɽľƣ÷׷ɢȻָȻһץץ޵СԴ
˿µޱɣڰԼУͷֵСﱻУκλᡣ

ء
СԴһڣӰָ֮ǰǺεȵĸ֣ؼһ
ٴһƣһ£ƺҲԾ޴ѹ޷ܣʵǲܡ˺һΪһҶȾҪܵȹ
ǿߣҲ޷סٴαһɣ˳һƳҶȥҶѾѡߣա
СӣпռͨϷʵ޷ߵģ
ȵһģҶʧ·ʮĺˮ磬ȻΪһƬ̡Ʊ״̬
ָּһšһұըҶȴһѪģ
˵Ӳ
ȴɭɭɱһָұ۾Ȼۡ
ɶ˰ֻд߶񡭡⺣֮У߶񣬱ػᱻۻ˲Ӧ˲ôˣ
˵ó״̬ҶۿŰɱֻд߶񷴻о԰գѹȡ
ˣ
߶ԪɲǣͻȻͷͷһ
Ҷ࣬һֶ֮ȻǾзɳҲҶȴ߶ͻȻһ̣ǽָģһϵԲâ
֮䱬ۿҪͷŵ¶̰뾪ϲЦݣڹȻر

ͬʱȹٶȸˣָҶֻһɾ룬ָӥſγ޼᲻ݵצ
ԲâҲһ̣Ҷȵŷɳ
ֻ˵һ
Բâ޷ӦٶȣͻȻŤȦס

ͻȻ˺ѷε״̬Ҳ˲仯Ϊһ׳ľ޴ɫϧԲâɲסûбκιȴȲϷڣռ䣬ʹֱС
ǰȣ
һĻҶȱȥѹȡ
ⲻ֪߳һӴ˷һۺ
ڵƬˮ磬Ȼðûһ㶯Ȼϵƿغ
ʱ˿̣ҶȸоԼǿͷ֮УޱǿĴڣʮľͷ
үү
֪ˣδйľţʹİߡ
ϾںһŰ裬۴ʲô£аΪţڣΪ³çȾȻѹʹҲ·һӶȥâ
ϧ̫ιâûκЧΪ޵ķ


2279 
ɶ񣡿ɶүүүү
𼱺ۣʩչеâֻιâĹâûܵ
ܵĥʹ࣬ʵʹһкԼǳģҲԼүүǣ
䡭
̵ľ޴ˮ磬ʱӦҶߵʱ̣ϾͷϾҪɱڲߣԶ߲ȥҪߣʵҲӲ
ڲںͷǾ䡣
ΪǰһĻõһֳͻȻԾһİ֪
Щͷֺηѹȣǿ߶ѹӰбԺԣұǿˣı˵ģ
鲻ƽƽ״̬ȴͷ
ˡ
Ƭ̵ĺˮ磬ͻȻ鿪ʼ
Ҷ֮֮ȷʮ۾Ӱ˲ϢֶһԺľͷˣ߾ˡ
һǻΪģһλмߵΪ˰ȣ޷ȷΪ
֣
ͷİȣʣµľͷɱҶȣߣƺҶʱ¶㵵Ŀ⣬֪Ҷݵġ
ѹ˵
һ˾ͷɷ˵ҪҶѹ̤һŭȴԱ
ϣΪΣ˲ס
࡭ϴΰǴϢ࡭
ľͷ𾴵֮ͻȻǳһڹľͷ׷ͣҶȵѣΪҪ֣
λǰֹġ
ҶȵȻΪУһжȲѶΪ֮ǰڵ
ž
һ֮һͻȻŰһƣȵðǣͷת
ಣ
ͬʱʮǿ߷ǿˣһ򣬴ҲˣһĴڡ
ھͷɭɭȹעȵâ׷״󾪣ʲôΪοðȵ޷ͷų
ⲻʥһ𣿡һЩͷϳҶȵݡ
ᣡ
ʱˣҶ˫ִһӡֻѹȵľ䣬ͻȻͷŴ۵âŤһתҶȷ
֮ʣâ֮оȻ΢΢ԾϵľӰȻҲâ֮ڷɡ
оͷһĻ𺳵˵ǶĴڣȻܸӦâ֮У̺ԶҲһ֣â֮еĹȻǵںϡ
âӿҶȵţ·Զ־ˣʱҶҲͷųģһͷӦѪ֮У̺Ĵ
ͷǳ𺳻𺳣ָɵİȣһĻҲޱȡ
Ҷȣ
ʥӺһ벻ҶȾȻֳ˴ǵģҶȴڰգȻģʮͷ׷
ʱ˿̣עڰϣҶϡ
ڳǾͷĴڣĸӦҶ֮ǰԼͷϢһж˵ҶĪĹϵ
峤ˣ
ͻȻ䣬һޱ־ϯ
Ǻ廹ͷͬʱǰˮ硣
һӰֳһ󲻿ԵߣһۣϢͬһ㣬ⲻƣеơ
ߣȻߡ
ʥдҶȣֽ峤֮һ²첿֮һĻ첿
óǿ󣡡ҶȴӦ
Ȼ²첿峤ƿأѡѾкܶ꣬λԻ첿峤Ϊͼ峤ô꣬ҲֻѣϴεõϢ޷峤ڵΪѾﵽܸߵĵزܱȼ磡
첿峤ͼȻԼΪǸоͬȸ߶ȵľͷ
òΪ峤ͼȷ𾴵ʵ
ͼһԲȰǲ˷Ŀ⣬ڰϣΪϣΪĨڣ
峤Ҵˣ
ƺùʣͼѵ֪µȥεعһˢɫ
֪˾ͺãıͼҶϵıΪϣӦ𣿡
ͼκӣϴʺȵ˻һΧ塢ľͷ׵׷˺¡
˻ʵðѵ
Ҷȣ
ͼĿɭɭҶϣҶȵȭֻƬ̹ͿͼеʵϹŶֵ𾴡
оͷ棬ͼȻ¶һЦݣϴʥʥŮϢ͸ͣϷоԸĴ£δʱ㣬Ҳ˵ֲķϣӡ󣬲Ҫ˶ı䣡
ӦģԵ
Ҷȹش𣬶ҲһʣĪͼ֪֮Ĺϵ
ɢȥɣȣӣغúñ˼˸Ͻռϣ׼ǣ
´﷨ھ˷׷ɢȥͼֿҶʥǶϷȣ
ǣ
˵ӦȻͼ
ȴųʵİį뿪ľͷҲ֮ɢȥһ־ͷͼңҶʥ֮ȡ
ҶȰдһݺʥʵǰƺϣ밽գ
ʥ͵ҿʼҲף𽥳֪ӵ󡢰ϣΪλ棬һգһǰգԪչϲϷչҲڶŽʮ䣬աѴﵽһƽ״̬
һ죬ҶȸӶһ˽⡣
һʥظֶ֮УһƬ޴ľ磬γһʱմ롣
磬һɽռ両ֵֶǣռ֮ûһκˮȻ࣬ӵй϶ǿʢԪ
Ҷŷ֣磬ԭ࣬Ҷһ·ٵʿ˵٣Ǵǣʿ
ͼԾһ磬ȻһƬ̵Ľռǰ
￴֮ȵʥء
֮Ȼһɽȣֻǿռܴһһ߷֮ϣ߷֮һν𹬡
·ɽʵҲһԵ
ʱҶȸӦ֮УеĻʵܿ죬ҲϲϢ
ͷɢʥҶȸͼ֮У֮ͼĿ⻺ҶϣΣ
ܺãܲҶ׻ش
ܰ纺Ϊ´󹦣纺ڽУҪܳʱܼηĲ죬ܴΣϣ㲻ҪϣͼȻû峤ӣͬһƽ͵˵
δϣҶȹʩ
ʥ㻹ҪúþȫָҪץʱ䣬һƳǾҪ巢ĥĺûᣡ


2280 峤
ʥһ쳣ʵ峤ˣҪ巢ս
ͼ϶ˣһأϴκ͵ϮҺ壬ɴǳػ¡ǲϲȡжеһΣڶΡֱ屻̲
ʥӱޣʥĴ
㣬Ҷȡ
ʱͼĿҶϣˣ
֪ǰ˻Ǻ⣿
⣬ҶɷǾһԵʥҲס
˵ʵϷҲǺףԴʥһδرϢϷ˾ͬʱԴ˾ĸӦ
˾
Ҷȣ˾ϵĴڣҲԶǿ֮һһֱڴ֮Уδٹ壡ʥΪҶȽܵɫ֮УԿ˾ء
ʥ˵ĲԶŴս֮䣬Ҳǿս֮䣬һЩϹŶҲ䣬˾ǿߣս֮󣬴˾ٲֺκս£˾δ룬ҲЩ£˾Һľ֧
ͼ԰ܵδ˾ͻȻͷŸӦǸλ峤ı亣塢˵ˣ֮塭㿿뺣ʼ峤ѸӦ㣡
ҶЩףеǼ˾Ļ֪࣬ʵΪȷң
Ϊ壬֮ȹϵѾ֮㿿㲻Ǹı亣֮ˣôõϿɣҶȣ˾ͬʱ´﷨һ壬ءء֮ϴУ
أ
ʥĽضҶȡ
ͼһ͵֮ȵʥأҲǺʥأΪͬ࣬ɱ䡢ϴʥأԶȱĽ֮ӵдĵطͬҲĵط֮ݣȻֱʱӭػ֮ϴ񣬶һҲıصѾΪӵлĵط

һİĶƺҶȴһȴţԻƺЩϤ֪ͼָķ档
ͼףüŶҶȵͣǻ磬һĸԴ翪֮󣬵硢ɽ硢絮ʱգʼܣҲϳֶԽԽңԶ֮⣬Щ񣬶лΪǴ죬ӽĵطԽǽӽ磬ʵǸ߷壬ӷɽ硢ַ磬һỳųԽģԽ׷ѰĲ
ҶȲİӵеʣʵԻΪǫˣóޱԴֻһ࣬ǲЩʣ
ۻͦ࣬ͱˣϷУͺúУΪ˿Ǳֻһʱ䣬ʱ䣬ͨһݾ磬ԪʼǱӦûкܴɱ䣬Ϸڴ
ʥͻȻڣꣿ峤ǲ̫СˣԪǰᵽǽأʮϵʱ䰡
ʥϴ㽨ڸ߲Ϊϴ裬ΪڽսУ͵ĻϷҲأͬһꣿ㿴ҶжٵĲ࣡
һΪ
ãһΪ
ͼʱΪ峤ϣѾȻ޴棬ͬһλͯȻʥһ˵Ц
Ҷȣȥذɣ峤㣡
ǣ
ҶȵͼһһͼѲڹ֮У󷨵Ŀռ֮С
ͼҶȽλ²峤²峤Ϊ»峤Ϊ
峤ͼ»ǿߣκһ𣬶ԻһʱգͼӴ֮УҶȾܸӦ»밽ӦҲ֮ϹŶεõ˾ĿС
ʱ䲻˸Ť죬ƺѾ֮֮УǿҵشĹϢǰ󷨿ռڶ
ͼһ󷨿һѪɫռȽȽ𣬴Ѫ⣬ǰһѪأѪΧһ߾ӴǣѪ֮УʮԽơںڡɫΪÿһͷų˵Ϣ
طǷأ޷Ǳ
ǽأؾһӡĹϿռ䡣
صʮľˣҶȴδģڵĳˮѪɫ״̬ؾԪҲǻںϣþͿڣضǴ
ಣ
ʥ⣬һߣҲһߣǰۻǺۣ͸Ž
²峤»Լ峤
Ժ峤һЦĿҶȣȻںϵԵˣ֮УѾص־Ͽɣ
ͼ׵֣֮ȥ˼
ŭ³ҺΪҲĨڣһȥúô£֮ˣ
²峤»΢ЦҶȣǾͲҽˣӭ壬ܿˣϣܺúϧᣬ֮о޴ջ񣬶Ǵ˾˵δϢϢأǻϣǿǶԸ壡
лλǰ࣬ץסᣡҶ峤𾴣һһ
ͼҶϷ峤һͬ·أͼܵﵽ߶ȣҺǿ߽֮أԪʼ񣬰޷ص㣡
߶ȣҶһ
̾ﵮ֮أҲɱ֮أԶǿߣôֱͨӴӴΧʱƾ²ÿһγˮ̺ǿó쳣ǿѾһλﵽһĸ߶ȣǲ˼飬Լ棬֮࣬࣬٣
Ҷȣ֪кܶܣ壬ҲʥĴ˾ԸǲΥͷϴ裬Уסһʱ䣬úץסᣡ
»֮쳣ضһ䣬峤໥ͷ֮ͬʱһӡرһͷš
Ҷסһ롣
峤ٴνӡҶȳ׽ؿռ֮У峤˾ԣҶȽɳԽĴڡ
˾еԶŴ֮һӵԤ֪ȥδ֮ǰҲӦǼķȻܵõ־Ͽɣ
˵ΪʶȻ֪Ǽ
ǲ֪˾֪ģ֮ǵðմ˾˼ȫҶȣҶȽﵽεȵĸ߶ȣҲò˶ãǾԤ
ҶǴ˾ǸˣôĶʱҲҪ֣֮ҲҪٴǰƶ𣿡
ǴôԪһԪĩڣӦҲǵ١
峤ӲϿصҶȣĿ֮жǿҺ


2281 ϴ裬
ˡˣ
һռ䣬ԴѪϢԼĻȫѪڡ
ë뿺֮ܲУƯ֮ϣҶȸоɽϷƺ֮ȼ·ҪҶȶںϡ
еĵط
ΪУ벻д˻ذأ㾿Ҵﵽεȵĸ߶ȣ
һ̷·ʧһ㣬ϸʼŽż̤ѪɫҺ֮Уһ
ԭﵽ񣬶ҶԪʼԸոսӴҺ壬߼ҪҶֵͼʸɣΪһ

ҶȰһ״ξ˲ŵһĻ
Сû֮УС²Ƥʴ¶ѪܵѪ⣬ѪҲڲϱɣԶҶȴʱҪܶ޷ʹ࣬߶ûһҽҲ֮С
˫ƤͬʱɵѪ·ҲһһʧϰҲûѪɫ֮УͷѾΪһƱƤѪˡ
ʱˣΪֻܽУΪֻܿסϴԪʼֻ˻ǻɶĽ֡
ӷѪ忪ʼ;֮еõʣ챦ǿѾﵽ峤ǰ㣬ӵл߶ȵҲҶ̤֮С
֮ʵڿֲҶȲƤʴѪҲʼʴԼСȣ¶Ѫǡ
ȥҶҲ޷ֶá
ġ
ϴҲֻ·һ
ʲô߶̫һϯȫȻ󼤷ģһʱϢı
֮⡣
峤·һĻ֮ɫˣΪһλԪʼΪܴżȻˣ벻ʵѾӵһλ
ӵһɳԽͷ֮󣬿ʼصϴ
Ҳ⣬֮У·ӵкܴĻϸӦһ£һԪʼ񣬷·ͿʼԻΪ
ͼ»峤ҲһһէҶȵıԤϵģʵںܾˡ
峤꣬ʶĴڣǸӦ˱飬˵ҶȴǵѾ޷ݡ
벻Ҵ߶ģǰԿصϴ̫֮һԶԿһϴô˻ᣬҪʼԦһҲϴһӿ룬ﲻϴĿģشеĵز
Ӧӡ߶ɷ̫һѪԼɣʩչʼصѪɫ
ɲףȲܶ࣬Ҳ٣պôﵽԿơںϵ״̬һ㣬Եѹһ֣һ㣬ٶȾͻܵӰ졣
ʱͬһ˿˿Ѫ˿ӿҶѪ֮У̫һ赲
һ˿˿ӿֻǼںϣЩȻںϣֱͬඥһ㣬ҶȻõһĻָ
ǶĻָܿ췴ӦϴɵѪ֮ȻʼһЩѪѪǱѪ⿪ʼںϡ
ϲҶȣʼ״̬ͨںϣ߶ͨǿ״̬ʼ
Ǵ˾֮ˣȷ̶ʱܼԦӶӦǲٹൣģ
ǸóȥעٶȣͬʱҲҪʼǲΪ巢ս׼
峤ɴ֮ɫֻڴӸտʼ޷ţȻ
ͷӡӡأӰһΣѾʧ
ޣɲ̫
һʱȥҶѾȫһƽٶ֮Уȷ峤뿪֮ϴΪ޽أͲֵذڶСβͣҲθӾ
ɲܣȻ峤ƿ֮Уʧ̫죬ػ־ע⣬ҶȺôҲǿˣװѾ̫࣬ʵ˵ȥ
жֲҶȶ޷ȼ磬ҲֹޣΪ鷳
Լ
Ϊ˼ı仯ҶȫƤ֮ǰϴ¶ѪܵѪ⣬񾭹ƤѾͬһ͸󣬶ҳʢâ
ҶѾȫӦصֿʼͨӡȫںٶȡ
Է仯һ˿˿Ѫ˿״̬һɹɽѪϱգͬʱڵѪѾʼȼգΪȫڴ߶ҶԼۡ
״̬ǧһζ
ᣡ
һǧ꣬ӿʼ޷ӦͨıںӦԼﵽ۷塣
һλԪʼ۷壬ҶӤ£ӿн𵤣޴Դ
ʱʱ̿Դ󲻶׳ٶҲ쳣ˣһӤĳɳֲϵ񲻵Ҳڸַ棬ҶС
һⱬн𵤵ԪڵתΪһŽӲӵԴ
ڶԴҶ˳̤λԪʼ
ž
գۼϤը֮ͬɽ㱬ٵѪǣϸʼըȻڴʱΪﵽ״̬
״̬ҶȴģΪ֮УصԴԴӿ룬õκΣա
ƺƴ󣬶ٶҲܾˡ
ʱǽǧȥҲ˵һλλԪʼǧʱ䣬⻹֮£أõõʬ壬Ƕٴڶʱͻơ
ţҶҲʼ鿴仯ʵı仯߱仯Եģʶи澪˵ɱ䡣
Ŷ
۲߱仯ʱҶȱ֮ԴֵӰӰޱ
˴Ѿ޷ݣ棬ȫ͸ŻصƣһҲ쳣İ硣
Ҳ֪ôһ£Ϊλˣ
벻ףҶּ鿴ӰûµӰ
ٹ۲Ӥ仯Ӥ仯òʮ£彡˶ƿн𵤣ʮԪϵʣ²Ӥʱʱ̿ںϡ
Ҷȴ߶֮ȫϸѪ֮Уӵд̫һ֮У֮ϢҲԽŨѾ֮ϣֻ֮ҲѾ֮ԽҳԽ
ʱ˿̣߶֮Ҷȣȫâ˸âڱߡӿ
ߣ֪ﵽεȵĸ߶ȣ
۲仯Ҷһͨȫķһٶȡ
֪ǧȥ
Դᣡ
ٶڲһﵽλԪʼ۷壬ڣҶȿʼλԪʼ
һӡ֮ڣнŽӲӵԴ
һ̣ҶȴӶλλԪʼ񾳽硣
Ҷزʵ֮Уڵ֮еķҲڳ֮·


2282 ʮػغ޵
߲һͳصʮ˲硣
һ棬Զŵķ棬֪ΪζγɣǱĺۼ
һϵĳǳطҲǱ̫ＸǺڰģںڰͷȴһ׹˸
׹⴦һԶŷӡ֮С
ӡΧֻġūڽϷ˫ֺʮһ׹֮΢΢
ū֪жǿȫͷŹϢ
׹ռ֮УԭһƬϵʱգƯŴ׹޼˻׵Ϣ
ΪǺڰ񴫳֮ڵʱա
ڰ񣬵ϵ֮һµƬʱգȻޱǿ
ͣ
׹ͻȻӷ֮˸޼᲻ݵ׹⣬һ׹ںռͻȻưһ㡣
ڰǰ
ʱ룬һ׹̨֮ϣڰգϵͷ޼˻ף¶γһڰ
ӡ֮׹ͻȻըȫΪ׹ҿʼӿڡ
ҵĴߣ
ͬʱһڼ׾Ӱڰֶ
ӰԽԪϢ׹֮Уһʮµ߳һڼͬ׵˫۴Բܡ
ǵϵ֮һڰ
־ϵ·ϣҵĴߣȴ꣬õҵɣҵ޼˻ףԵʱĵһµ̫ڤŵ˱ǵıԴ֮һߣõĴУϣҲõĴУѵһոµʱ
ڵļԪӦһԪټһڵ֮Ԫĩڿǻϣûƿأ̫ڤУԶŴҲУ
֮ʣ񱻻־Ӧڤڤ֮´У֪ǲ㣬õϣϣ㣬ɣڱ۱еķԼԴ֮Ϊϴĺڰ
ڰƮ˵ȻݷӦ˫һϣϵӰȻûһ׹⡣
׹⿪ʼƬʱе𽥵ڷ·һ·ǵڷϷͻһ׹޼˻ͼɣŷ̧ͷϵؽٶ¡

ռ֮⡣
ūռڷһĻĻ֪ڰ־ȻѴ֮ǽԶʧؼ䣬Ҳûкڰ
ūۿ˲ӿһᡣ
ڰǰİɣΪߣһᾡѵһµʱ
϶üģһںϣѾ۵޼˻ףÿһ԰ԪʼնɱͬʱڷͫƤϣ޼˻γɵ¡
Щںڣͬؿʼ˸ںϣγһ¹â
ֱںϷüģ׹Ҳʧĺڰ֮ϣ·ǵס
ԭۣǲʮҲ޷ɱֻڵ֮һκη涼޷ȥԶȣ
ۣһϢʧˣźڰżһɨΧռ׹Ȼ˫֮ͫС
ʱʧˣūϲ˵õĴУöãһںϣ𽥴ﵽյʵ̫ڤǵһǿߣڵǸʱףǶ޵еĴڣ
ūȥ޵˲Ӷ
ūͷ֮֮ţ̤УƬʱҲױΪ档
ʮ֮󣬶˳ûʡû磬̫ʪΪ״̬
ѵڤ֮
Ǳڤ֮ĵʱա
ūɻΧռ䣺ˣź޵Ѿǳʮ˲Ĺϵʱգ̫ڤ״ˣڵ֮нʮ˲磬ʮ˲ҲֻԶŵʱյһ֣޵һʿ޷Ӧеĵط
Ȼȥɣȴֻ΢΢ס
ūٶʣʧȥ
˿̣ǰʲôҲûеĺڰ֮У߳ٻӰС㣬ڰ׵ūǰǿ󣬻ԭۣ
ٻӰڤ
ڤƳһ۷ڤҡͷģҿúвģʵǸóԽԭ۵ģȴһֱ͵
ռ棬С㣡
˾ͷڤ·޵ǳʮ˲ģһƬϵĴأ˵ʮ֮أĴʮֲУ
ʮѾ޷ڣȥեɣֻе׳ɳ
ܿһֲڵ֮УǸɣ
û⣬ʮһб־ѪںϣҵƿأҲǲ׵ģ벻ңҲ벻
ȥɣʮٶϿ㣬Խ֮أڤ˵˵Ϸȥ
Ŀڤ뿪ӡ˫ʮָָ⣬һЩɫĸ룬ȻԾ׵ĺ޵Ԩ
ʮ˲
ڤ磬Ӻ޵صʮ˲ʱ䣬ص˵С㣬ǰҹ˵ǣѾȲȥЩ˵ļƻɽ硢еĺ˳綼ǵ˻С㲻ٵʱ̻ȡж
ڤգûһ˿ɫĮʵᵽЩϸļƻ
ҿԸ˵ϾҲ֮һ޷УС㣬ЩһֱĽ㣬֮Щ֮ǿԽڤ֮ǿлС㣡
Ҫѡ𣿡
СҪôҪô͵ʮ˲ףȨ
ѵҶķչ磬ӵɽ磬Թս˭ҲûнԷ𣬷һδͿ̿ѵֻս޷ƽϢ𣿡
޷ش⡭
ĵܻŮϡ
·ֻص֣ѾڤҲ޷ֿвֿ֮ʣһѡ
ڤأ̫ڤΪ˶ܷȨᣬԸľͷһϢ֮ء
ˣʮ˲ҲʱǺƽģһںڰʥأ񡭡
޵
һ·𱻳ʪڰɵأ·Ҫʪɡ
ƬޱȣԽʮ˲磬̫ڤ޷졢ƿص硣
Ҳǳ̫ڤֵǿ⣬κεʿ޷ﵽĵͷ
ڳʪϵϣѸӦʮͬϢһ֮ſһ磬һ׳֮˸
ˡ
ʮٻδأ޵ȻʼžҲ·޵
ˣޱߵʮ˲ȻҲڿʼ𶯣ֻ֮ͽˣͻȻ𶯣ͷѣ־׷ͷţʮ˲ͬʱգѰҶԴ
ϧǲ̫ڤǵ־޷޵õͷ֪ʧʮֻص綼췭ظı仯


2283 ϽλԪʼ
ͻͻͻ
޵Ĺ֮бԼʮɵʮԨ֮Уոʣʯ׷ӿʮٵĸ볹ױΧʱʮѾں޵ذεضڵ
ڴʱں޵֮еʮ٣Ե̫Сˡ
أ
һӤӵ߿մԭĵԶӿʮ٣ʮѾ֮ǰԵı仯
ʮٹȻڵյ֮ϵҶϵÿһƬҶһɴСһƬһƬѾһֻ͸״̬вϵرڡ
޵֮⡣
ֺµڤΡΡʵС㣬ղض춯
ڤƽ·磺Ѿʮʽֲں޵ֲڵϵ֮ϣԶĽͨʱп¿ʼ
Ľͨ¿ǻصԶʱͨȥ硢ɽ硢ܵѹȣҲ
ȥ룬Ľ类ضĳ񣬶һԪʮҲ֪Ǻεȵһֹܲأ
ǵȥһ˵ʥ
ѵҪȥЩף
ѾԪҲܶȥǵһѡҲҪһѡûм꣬ǲ뿪޵ģãʮںϣʮĽһԽҵĸףΪƿصĽףԽЩԶŴ񣬲׷ѰĲ
С㣬ˣ
ֲܾϹǰܻ˽ʵһ죡
ڤ˵꣬ٴ·ԨʮϢ֮󣬲ʮ˲ʱա
ں޵վڲĴ֮ϣź޵ʣʮٸϵӿһĻһֱþ֮С
ʥ
֪˶ã
ʮïܵҶһۺؼֲŮ
ȴе㵣Ŀ»صζΣ
ֵ̫زʺĵطʥ治ҵһͳ硢ɽ硢磿
ΪҪһͳĽ磿һ䣬Ȼһž޲ģ
˶Ϊ֮УǿĴڣ̫ڤҹõҵΪһ죬߳Ϊһˣ󣬷׷ײڽ£ʥӵ˭ҲûеĻᣬȻıֻҪͷͳΪһߣ
ɻ
һǿߣʲô壿ôãʼ㱻ںϣ뱾׷ĶӦѵ㻹ģ
ѵԶ㱾Ӱ֮£ֻҪԸ⣬ҵԺ㱾룬Զ㣡
һİӰкβã
㻹ǲף˶ںңȻԭģѵ㲻߳磬ȥ׷ѰĲ
ֻɱδɵԸģбȥʵ֣ҺαصģߣҺʵԭһжΪ㣬ǲǣ
ԭڵĵλʵҴģ
Ҫ˵ģȴ޷ףΪʼղˣֻǴµ˵ɣûʮ٣Զ޷׷Ѱĸ߶ȣû㣬ûңһֱԼҺһֱʲôҺҵĴڵ壡
治Ϊ̫ڤĴڣ
롭룬ҵı룬㿴Űɣδһ죬ûʮ٣űҲﵽǰڣ
ʮپǴѪκԶŴܻģҲżʱҪġ
ʮǹʱȻֹ
Դģںϣ
ʧһӡ𽥷ʮٸ£ʩչͨںϣֱݡ
壡
֮Ƚأ֮С
λԪʼ񡭡
ǧ굯ָ
ҶѪɫ֮Уڷڣ˫һᣬ¸һ⡣
н֮УȻŽ𵤡
һ̣Ľλ̤λԪʼ߽λԪʼ񣬴ʱʵѾݺκԪʼ񾳽ڵǿߣıӦҲ˶٣ʵԼʵѾﵽʵ߶ȡ
ŵŽɹҲ漴ֲһһ֮һ֮УëѿʼѪⲻľѪڵʡ
ʹҶֻҧ֣ӿ룬·ͬʼһ̣ҪҶɣΧЩ·ӦҶĿ£ʱʱ
ҶȾͷţһʵҲһЩһ꣬Ҫץסǧѷĺûᡣ
ˣӤѾҪǷϵںϣ
һʹâ
н𵤣ӤӢڽϷòûб仯ǻ𵱳ۺٶȣѾﵽҶȲĸ߶ȣߵѾﵽ磬ĸ߶ȡ
˼飡
̶꣬ҶȾȻߣе˵ĳ̶ȡ
ϸϸ鿴ѪȻѾռ֮һʮҪ࣬һ߳ΪѪףʹҶȳΪߡ
ڣѾһѲңԶ
ǧ꣬ѴһλλԪʼ񡭡
ǶӦ˰ɣȻߣѾ󲿷ֵߣ̫˼飡
ӹȻӵд˾ԵĲǱ񼣶ȥģ
֮⣬ͫ⣬֮Уһһεı仯ǿ峤
ǷͷͷС𣿡
֮ǰҲӦЩԵĵطǿ֮һκﶼ޷ԽǣСﲻӿصϢ·ޱȴĻеĳ̶ȣ
ĪĸԪ֮Уɻ壿
֮Сһﲻ򵥰
ͷһ̾ƺо޵ܡ
֪֮䣬ǧʱȥ
λԪʼ񣡡
鲻ãҶȾѪѾﵽĳ̶ȣصǳҶպ󲻾ãһִﵽλԪʼ۷塣
ӡ֮˫һϣٴαһ⡣
ΧѪɫڲһ֮һͷųʱҶȵн֮УԴ
̫ˣԪʼʿҲڣͻ磬Ű
ǳţܿ϶˾Ԥԣ
ܼ֤δǵҡ
ͷ֮ͫУǾ̾ꡣ
֮УҶʼ飬ٴγ״̬˵ģҶ޷ס飬γɵѪۣڼصѪ۲ϵᣬںϡ
ǧʱ䣬һҪٴͻһ磬ﵽ߽λԪʼһһҲܶκв
ֻ׳־ҶҲλԺд˻ᣬǲܵģʴȫ߶ͨԼڴ˳߽λԪʼ


2284 ľˣ֮
֮ȲԶһƬԨ֮С
ƬԨ֪жˮ̵ģ쳣ûκκ־ػ֮С
ˣ
ǿͶӰֶͼ»밽峤
ǵͶӰϽԨԨĽԼ󷨣⴦Ԩһĵط·ǺĽء
ԼʮϢѾԨˮ磬һĽ磬֮Уʮߡ
Щ߶ǰ׷ԲԣȻ״̬д󲿷ֶɼϢԼϵͼڡ
ڻӡǽ֮£һƬϵĺˮռ䡣
Ƭˮռܹ·һ硣
ڿռ룬·ĵԴȪһŮӣɫ۵纺
纺ǰһڹϵĺһɴСʱʱӺ֮ӿһЩݣҲӿ˵纺գˣ·ΧĿռԶӿ纺
峤
ռ֮⣬峤ֳʮ߼ͬʱ
ͷϺ룬еΣ
һߣǵ֮һΪ֪жǿ峤Ѿȫ֮Ϊ纺йٻԼϴ񣬵ĿǰܻܲѺ־Ǹδ֪ǰҲַͨʽΪһӵк֮ϴ񣬵δɹ
Ҳϵļأֻһ񻰡ִ̫ţ
һߣ곤̾
»ͻȻλһԪǹ֮Уһֱģ˭Ҳ֪ļԪ󣬾ȻǸҪǿߣǶȹⳡбźڣ
ͼҲͷԼ֣ĺͬǻ𣿽һжǻǺ峹׻ʷ֮ʧϵԣһʵģԼҪԼ
ԣǲܷܻǵ
峤һͬͷȣʮһһ
ŬɣԼϵֵصȴڴȥ峤ֶһȻ·֮С
֮еĺˮ磬峤Բзʽׯϡµı飬һ纺ڵĺϿǽ˫ֺʮ
纺һֱ˫ۣһֳ˯״̬ȴϵӿ룬ΪѾﵽ߽λ
Χâ貵ʯЩʯǺر峤Χ׷򺣾£֪ǵ֮ӿ뺣֮С
ʱ䲻̵ƣ纺ڼ䣬ΪͻƣʮǿߣϺϽصϴҪǿҶϴ
ΰĺ񰡣ҺδԤ֮£ĺѣɣ
þ֮峤Ȼ߶һЩʲôԣҶԺӵľη
ˡ
֮ݣȻ俪ʼӿ죬ϵðҺҲ΢΢ض·ʲôҪӺ֮ð
ΰĺ񣡡
벻ֶ峤ȻۣԼ֮ĺǣҲӺ峤һٴμӿӡٶȡ
ˣ
һ⣬ͻȻ纺ͷŶ
Ұ纺𽥵򺣾ƶȥһĻ峤Щ֪룬Ϊϴ˵뺣йϵĺδйκ쳣벻纺뺣γɹ
ѵˣ
峤Լǣ޷׷ӽʲô仯ͻȻӺ֮б벻ǣ纺ǵ⣬򺣾ȥ
һĻоͷˡ
֮У纺ɱ˫ۣⲻ룬֪ĺˮȻǹϻѾˮȫҲһںɫĻɫʣǺеĸ־⡣
ھ룬ͻȻĹ⡣
⿪ʼĻû֮Ȼһֻ̬Ĺ壬ȻǺȴһ͸ƲĳҳȺ廹Ҫࡣ
ҵĴˣɣ
΢΢ȶȻ˵ˣͬŮӵߡ
˭ڻң
纺Ȼһڣ˫ۣɻؿΧĿֵĺΧ
ַŮӵ֮ӣң
㣿
纺¶֮ɫͨĺ̫ˣָоԷܲ򵥣Ϊ⺣ϵĽأ͸һɱԴƿصơ
ͷңӣԳΪĸףҽһ£Ǻȵ壬㿴ұ̬Ȼҵһƺţ˵һ㲻İǶϲΪ񡯣
㡢Ǻ񣿡纺ƺ׵Уѡ
ǰҾǺĸףĸףȻҲĸףʶգһԪѾоžŰʮһνѣÿһνѾһμԪ䣬Լ֮Уϵǿɱ䣬Ϊľӭ֮һոµ磡
ĸס纺˵ʲô
Ȱĸ׵ԺʲôģΧֻСĸǴ֮µһ˿Ѫźһͬں꣬ӵ̬ЩҪҪĸ״ڣǵȴĴ޵ԽĻһҪúüסǣ
ǵģĸף
絮ĸ׳ֱļԪһ̣ҲͬʿУӭһδδ٣ʮŴ˼ԪҪٵĽڵļԪһνһεǻ᳹׽ûıʱڣµ磬һ壬õ磬ϧ֮󣬾ȥµԲ࣬ĸҲ޷еĸ׵Ĵھǵȴ㣬һжڤڤ֮עģһغδ
δܣЩȥ⿪ĸ׵ξǰһϣϣ㿴ĸԳʵһɺ󾫻ƵΪ֮ȥκεˮ򣬲ڵӻǺ󣬶޷ֹԽԽʵʼҲĸ׵һ֣Ϊλγӣʵһδ䣬棬׹ں֮У𽥷ı䣬뺣֮УղŻᵮһӣķ棬Ҳһδνֵķ䣬εӾԤ⽫һӭǻôʱգᱻǣʱܻĸԼЩԶŴ񣬶޷
Ҫסĸ׸˵ЩԺ֮ԻƷ棬ȥκȥĵطЩĿռ䣬ǻܵһЩӰ죬㹻õĸ׵ĴУõ֮ĸףҲ㣬ӣӴʱʼµĺϣ㲻Ҫĸ׵δҪһԽĸ׵ĺ󣡡
ȥɣ֮ǰ⺢ӣˣ
˵꣬Ƕ͸ͷŵâĳջȻ纺ĺ֮С
ˣ
֮Ȼչ˲纺ƯգΧԼԴһ̶纺ơ
סĸ׵ĻмǡҲĸ׻ټ죬ӭĸ׻ٴγֵģԶӵߡҵĺӡ
ٴλû⡣


2285 ߽λԪʼ
ˡ
źԼĴУӳ纺ϣʱ˿̣ӺΧռ䣬ͻȻһɵضɽҡĴض
Ȼ䣬ɴضӳȥ˲壬ԼҲʼһ𶯡
ѵ
֮⣬ǿ߼޷סΣǸպþ岻ͣҡΣΧ׶ѷ졣
峤׷¶ϲĿ⣬̾Ǻѣ벻Һ֮壬纺ϣ˺ԣ
»̾ͨĺŮǺʥŮδǺΰĺ񣡡
ϵԣʵˡ
ͷ˫ۡ
磬ߵĳʱ֮С
ϵļ̨֮ϣһ׷ԲԵİˣ֪ǻΧļ̨ռ䣬Ưһ
ֻЩ䣬Ǿ޴еĻΪʯеĻ̬Χи־޴ޱȵĺ
ǲ֪İ׷ˣͻȻ΢΢һ𣬰׷Ȼ¶һĲգһûжѪ⣬ֻʣƤǡ
߻ָҵУ¶һϲԤԽˣһԤԳ棬ǸϷǺãǸ˻ĺã
˵һԼúìܵĻ
⼸Ԫ֮УһԤ֮Ӳϵøʵָһ㣺ҶȻ֮У·ܾܳò֮УõеĴУӦóеΡ
ˣ
Ȼ·ںĽأһâ
߿ǰ֣ʱ򣬺ԤԸոս١
ǰǹɻâ֮УȻһ֮ߵľˣϾȻۣһȴһӵˡ
ҲһͷײԲԵĳ֮˲ûΪͨ״̬˫ִصƣǰ׷ԲԵˡ
̨֮ϣ£ĮȻ˵ȻԺ壬ҲӵкѪԺı仯ȻܸӦҹĻҹ񼣵Ĵߣлл㣬֮ϴ񣡡
֮̾Ԥ֮֮УĴڣҲһֵԤ֮ӣϷΪĴ˾Ҳ޷Ĺȥδ
˺ʵ˾Щ֮ǷŽ᣿Ϊα֮УӦһЩϢ
Ϸλشҵػ磬϶ǶãʣµġֻнЩԤ֮ı硭
㲻ģ֮ں˵ЩˣٿûɶĽҪᣡ
ã
վ۷ľͷ̸Ƭ̺ļ̨ƶʧڹϵϢ
壡
ˡ
ڹϿռ֮΢΢纺֮ͬ飬Χӿ
ĸףл̤񡭡
ͻȻ䣬纺ΪһƬѪ⣬йâ֮УֻΪһâӰеӵϢոµ
ʱ˿̵纺õУϺ֮ںϣ̤뾳磬
һں֮纺Ԧ֮ռ룬֮ٿȻʧŽӡ֮纺ʼռ
֪ںԺеﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
֪Σ
֮⣬峤־ͶӰΧͬʱ֮ǰͻȻĴضҲƽ
һ˾纺ȻõĴУʱ޷˱˲뿪ռ䣬Χߴ󲿷ֺףʣ׼ȴ纺ƹضھͷ缲۶ȥ
֮Ƚأأ
Ѫɫһâ˷ӿҶȡ
ǧȥۿһʱ޾Ҫ٣Ҷȴ߶ģͷŸ߽ͨλԪʼĻᣬץġ
ѽǿˣʱ䲻ܴһλ̤λԪʼѾ㣬أԼУͻͽٶȣڻʣ¼꣬һҪץס
龻ҲڲϵУںеȫ̫һԼ֮ĿǰΪҪ̫֮һںϣ̫һԽԽ
У
ʱ䲻ʧûо԰գҶͷųӣԼӸ͡
ԼѾﵽ۷壬صӿ룬Ҷȿʼӡн֮С
ӤҲͣҶһͬ߶ɷȫԪ
Ϊߣ֮УҲѧͨ
ᷨӡ仯࣬ҪҶ֮ͨںϣ幦ЩҶȶδУЩʮں֮󣬶ٶ
ˡ
֮ҶӤں£ڣԪﵽĵز˫һϣӡԪԪȻӡһͬתգۼ仯ΪһߴԴ
߿Դ߸ߵعڽ磬߽λԪʼҶץסĻᣬͷԼǱ̤߽λԪʼ
ž
ʱϤϵشڱ̫ͣҶȲѪͬʱҲصԼ顣
벻̤߽λԪʼҵʵ֮ǰǿʮȻоǰ̫С
ͻ֮󣬸ӦҲɱ䣬ʱ߽λԪʼĸӦӦأȻԼ΢عȻǷͬ졣
Ҷȡ
ܿǼȥ
黹δɣͼؿռ
ʱ䵽ˡֹͣӡһµĵۣ𽥷ɳأǰһᡣ
ͼͻȻ˵¯԰κʵҶȣǧҪͷȻ㣬𣿡
ǰ
ͷѣʱҶһȻĸо
ǰʿѽأǿ;ȷǴسȥ֮һ̥ǣǴ󲿷ˣĲټ̣ѱǿ֮ϣңǶǻȴûЩԼеõʿߵøԶվĸߣ
лǰ̻壬ģ
ϿգҶȹ˵峤𾴡

һ޾ҶȾأâ֮߳ȵĸ߿գͼպƯǰ
ͼ΢ЦҶȣϲ㣬Ϸδţ䣬Ȼһλ̤߽λԪʼҪᣬϽȥϢ
Ҷʩ񣺡ǰ֪纺Σ
㲻õģںװ£Ѿõף봫УȻˮµĺ䣬ʱӦ޷أҲмʱɣʱ䣬޷ʥŮ
ȻˡȻһˣǺ巢սֻҪǰһ仰ʱ
㻹иҪµ㣬ҪϷȻȥϷã
һݴǡ
ٴιޱȵҶ档
ͼһֱĿҶʧοҶǴ˾Ԥǰ㣬ǾĹˡ
ȵҸռ䣬ﵽ߽λԪʼ״̬Ȼȥ̫ţ˳·ȥеĽ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷȴ߶ǧͼһƿնȥ


2286 ԪϢ
ڵĺҪȴˮϾȵ磬Ϊضŵ
ʮ겻ϴҶ뿪ʱգһλԪʼ񣬿Ҫʵ֡
겻ϴ󣬽̫꣬ʱղңԶһƬʱգﴦԼ죬ѾһЩ
ӦҶȺܿһΪϣֱȽգӵӽ֯ʱգ֮»һЩǿԪʼҶȶ޷в
һ죬þ֮󣬲ҲһɸҪԵΪռѾʱĵĲࡣ
ʱ䲻ƣɣҲڲںϣڵȣҪѾ޷󣬳˵ǿлϹսռԴù⡣
ϾǸ߽λԪʼ񣬶ӵͨ壬Ѿﵽ
СԽ棬ǿʩչ󲿷ͨǰƵ񵤣ѾҶûжôԪʼ񣬶ͨǰƵ񵤣ȼ
գۣǧȥ
ҵýͨ
Ȼʱʿ˵壬뾡ֶ֪ۡնĽԼĪа̫šɽ֮Ϣһͨ䣬ʼиͨ
ϴζԸȣͻȻڲƺûʲô仯ĪǾ֮ʣо̺־ĿƷӡ
䣬뵽밽ʱһĻ
벻ǾͻȻưȣĻֻжǴԪ
һ鿴֮󣬲δӾ֮ҳ˿仯һء
̤ԪʼȻҪþǾʱƣٶٴγΪԽֶΡ
̫޼˻׵ȵֵÿһͷУ߽λԪʼĸ֮ǰӾ̡磬ӤҲԽ֮ȫ
ͨ컯ȭʥǹڰ׾ٵ˫㡢Сͨͨеͨһ飬Ҷȶԣ̫ͨˣҪĻĴУԼͨ
֮ͨ󣬾ȫиҲϴ߶ʸͷŵ£ںϺ֮ͨС
֨֨
һԵĲ¯֮УǧͼнͨƷ𣬲ȼգҲעָ߼鱦ҶȶҪķʱʱ̶̿ڲƷʣϳҶȾͬĸ߶ȡ
ʵﵽ߽λԪʼʱҶȵ뿪䣬ھ֮ʵҪӽ߽λԪʼ״̬ڼ䣬ĸԴȱȱԴ
˽λŽλԪʼ󾳽УҪҪӴҲҪн׶ΣҪѾ޷ƣܵõﵽıʬ塣
ɽ־ͷʬ塣
콣£ҲûصȥһڵΪصҲҪǧʱ䣬ǸûȥؽʥأؽʵعԼͬŵԸ
ʵҶҲڹ滮УϻһˣΪڣҲʱ䣬Ҳͻ񣬼Ӧ飬Ҳ꽨յе
ҪҪһոµĴ½겻ɾ޴Ĵ½죬ڵʥرȻҪʱڡ
ˡ
ǧ꣡
󻺻ʧҶȵģֻʣһˣµıӰڵϻŤ졣
̫ʱճȥȥ̫š
֪ʲô
˭֪Ƭʱ֮оȻһϵķ棬ϧϵҿüУ
ˣںüܶѰǼ𶯷طЩԪʼȥҲ
Ƭʱһϴ½Ͽʱʱʱ̶̿ͷԼӦҶȣͻȻ½ԪʼͷԻ
ڼţݣǾƬʱղԶһϴʱ֮УڲӵһƬͨķ֮أһϵǿѰϧ٣󲿷ֶᱦ˱ߣ֮УиֵϧӦһΪĻ
ȱô˻õҲ˶ʱ䣡
ôԼʱպҶ¶⣬ʵһѲ⡣
߶ǧͼǰٴȥ
ԼҶǰִĵ죬ĵ춼󣬶ƬʱռΪ
ˡ
ϴ߿գѰǴϷʱչУͻȻһǿҵڱǳͣ
ǡԪ
鿴֮ҶȶʱһΪβǻ龻֣ǷӡĴԪ
ʱǰʱҶĻŭţǴԪϢ̫ˣȻдԪƬ
ԪһҲҶҹõıɽ磬һŵõԪƬĿǰҲֻаƴСȥǧʱѰһԪƬϧûʵҲֻʱ
ڤڤ֮УԪƬ·ԪƬﱻҶȻѡ
ʩչ龻ָӦԭԪϢǴҪȥĹϷʱշпܻԪҲ
߶ǧͼԴԪϢΪĿ꣬գ۶֮С
ʮϢ֮
ǳ֮һƬϢʱ⴩ҶǰƬʱգȻһʱգ̫ʱһ̫ʱ֮һ
ಣ
ɣҶȾѽϷʱգϢԣκεѹȣʱʱ̶̿ա
ʬ壿
ʱմԼһԪʼʬڷ֮УϴǽۣΧҲսۼ
ƬʱգԶսһ֣пµаԼаꡣ
ȻϢĿǰܸӦΪڵͽλ
֮ͨӦģӦǰ޵ĻϢ˵Ҳ
ǰϢҲԽ
Ƭ
һսķӭֶ֮УһЩԪʼʬ壬һЩƬûѪƶɵĿܣϢܹϣӦòЩʹùķ
пܣǴйء
ʬսۼѿԤΪᱦ໥ɱһĻ
ˣ
һУͬʱԼϢɵѾ
ԴԪϢҲǿԽرɽ֮ǰһγɵĸԭ֮ϣսۼһЩ鹬ֳַӦþǷ
ˣԪҲڷ֮ĳطǧҪЩ֡
ʩչԪͬʱҲͷߣηӣԭһ𽥿ͷӦһǳأһС͵ĵ۹
ȴ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬽»𣬴ĿǰпǷͻȻγɿµײһж


2287 Ī
Ե淢żʶﵽԪʼ߶ȣЩʽĵȻ̣ЩʴһոµĴ½ȻǹΧǿ
½ҲԶԶ
ռЩģǴԪԼĹɳһ󣬱ɽ룬ر֮ͨ˺һ׵ѷ죬ѷ컹һӡš
֮УУǲκ̤ѷռ䡣
ԪϢѷռ
񣬸պһλλ֮䣬߽λԪʼΪʵǲ£ǱͨĻȴƣǱֻŷ磬Ӧûиǿߡ
ͨӦҶӦ֮У֣߶֮ӡѷռ䡣
ʩչߣɷһâ΢΢ؽӴ磬ԼֻʮϢҶȾڻϢʹ硣
һ̣ڽ룬ͷŸӦעΧһһЦǣҶȾһ࣬ȴ޷˫۾ڱǡ
Ͻѷռ䣬ԪϢѾ֮ͬʱӦҲָϢ
ѷϢΪӶλĽλȣȻûи߽λ񣬵ʵҲһ߽λͷ
ƺһϵϢ̫΢ϢӦһϹŶ
һ㹦ҶСѷ쾡ͷֻ·һعԼϢ̫ϡ
һ񡭡
ĿعֵعѾư֮ܲжű֮ΧǶµĺۼ
عһ̨ΧƯˣ̨һͷɢߣӸ̨֮մĴֶԿ
ﵹв٣񷨱
ع棬ɢУĴ֣һζ߶Կûüռ
̨֮У·𡭡϶ǴԪô£
ҶȻһʱעԪѲøӦ˫̨ͫڸ̨֮£ԪϢͷŶ
Ӹ̨췽ʽԼӡԷӡַΪѵרŽ̨ȻѹԪ
ٰĿϣϢ֮УӦ̨ԼعϢͬһҲ˵߲Ѱߣǡعˣһ䣬ȴ֪ΪڵعϹŶ
Īߣø̨֮ѹԪȻԪпԭ򣬲֪Ԫɲһںϵġ
룬ҶȺϢһյȴᣬȴĴ߶ֳһ
Ĵ֮ʮĵâϹֻø̨̫֮ãѾĵò࣬ϾÿһԪ䣬ÿкܴӰ죬߶ȹһδμԪȻҲܵһδεĴˡ
ҴӸ̨Ҳóȫø̨Ԫһֱʵֵ۷״̬
γɵǻģعһнѻΪ棬ϧЩɢڷ֮еĸֱЩҶȶ쳣ĶõĻͨںϣﵽ߽λԪʼһ߶ȡ
ȡϷضı룡
Χɱ֮УͻȻһԪĹ
ˣߵΪȻﵽλλľ˸߶ȣֻϧΪѹԪʵֻﵽͽλ񣬲ȻҪԸĴ׾٣
ӶԷҶȾѸܵԷ
ȻҲ޷ס׷ٴƺ̨֪֮£оر
ᣬɱܾˣԪҶȵġ
ȻҶȺżõԪ޷ֻ̨ҪȥԪǰ˲ںϡ
ΨһҪģǿ̨
ৡ
Ĵ־Ȼͬʱץһ

Ҳ߶һϵ񾵳ǰ˫ֽӡ֮󣬹һɱļڰһδηײ
һδײγɵˣԼһ͵ӶΧ治ع󲿷ֶΪ촷ۡ
ۡ
̨֮ϵߣȻһ޷סһѪ˫ͫʱͷȼյħЩ޳СϷָʵͰһһնɱ
ĴָЦһ˺ȵƥҪǰʵҲȰһ䣬̨ǿԸһ·
ߣϷװװѶѹıǣ֮ŭ
˵ʱʱ죬ͫɴ۵ħǰļײ
ݡ
ȻһһȦͻȻ˷ɢ
žžž
ļ벻Ʒʣﵽ߽λײ֮ҲһѪ˺
벻һṦ˫һܾ˵ľ档
û취˫˶Է԰ѷǱĶԿȥ
ղһ˫ʵֻﵽλ񡭡
ˣ
ȻõĻᣬҶѾл֡
񲻿ڶʱ䣬һգΪ˵ȴҶȰװնɱھͷʵֻڶλ£ҶлõԪ
ޣ°вסǼˡ
ҶȸޣСһľͲˣҶϢ𽥿̨һࡣ
ҲʱҶ޽ͬʱ޴һ
ݡ
޽ߺ󱳡

ĴˣͻȻʲôײһ޽ߺ󱳣˫ͷŵĹܵƻƽⱻƣ˫ͷŵʱը˶Ʒ
ɶ񣡡
޽˵ߣǿסΣͻȻ̨ɲǱ˰ħ棬ΪҶȷǸ̨֮С
ԶϷ򡭡
֮߱ƣһһץ
ɲҪҵĴڣ
ԹҶȻͣ߶ޱ֣ݺݵĳ֮ڰץͷŵ֮ϡ
¡
ޱ־ȻƸǿץ飬ޱҲ˲顣
һ߽λԪʼ񣬾Ȼӵžɫˣ߶һҶȺȥ
Ϊعɣ͵ĵһӸΧͻȻХҶȡ
ߡͬ
Է񣬻һԪϹŶͨϣȻǻأҶ޷ܣֻܿ⣬룬߶ߡ
һ浱ǰʩչ

״̬ҶȣȻͻȻһ棬˾ͻΪһȼյ״̬
ѵǻϵߣ
ͻȻ仯Ŀࡣ

ڴͬʱһУ𺳵һĻˣд߶߻ΪεҶȣȻشҶȵҲһŴҶƺһ𣬶Χ𹥻͸оΪûʵĴڡ
ⲻǻϵʿеͨĻʿҲﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȡСӣ治򵥣Ϸ򲻻óѵģϷһӵľѪϣ
ͻȻҶȶȥ
͡
գһӰͻأһ࣬һ޷ڼͷһʱѪ䣬Ѫ


2288 նɱͷ
ѪҶ˫üһԭĴ֮һǿߣͻȻɱ
Цⲻ֪Ƿ֮аһΣðҳ֣Ҳ˶Ը
СӣȻ͵Ϯǣõ
ߵˣӰƯҶȣһΪ״̬ҶȣҲΪ㵣ֲһԪʼҳᱦԭмӣֶΣڱǰ
Ծ֪ˣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȾȻҲż̨ӡ֮ʧ״̬ҲָѰ
ץһ޽ҶתˣȻҪ㣬ʱ֮УҪһ潻֡
޳С
˵ߣȻԾֻʱһ߿գˡҶγǶ֮ơ

ں󷽣񣬾ȻСС޲ס˸κβޣﵽĪĵزٶ˿ɱȵģʵҲﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣҪ֪ǵֵס˵һι
˱ǰЩҪĶɣ
޲סǣҶȾͿԷĴ󵨣ֽ棬ڲգҪطâڵҪһ֤ǿ֮ġ
ͣ
˶ȻһֱӲĿҶȣҶֵİգʱһƬؿʼ顣
Ҫ飬ҾҪϣ
˵ͨҶӡǿʵһĳ
ͻͻͻ
Ȼռ֮ҶǰһԶԼٶȣػὫҶһССԪʼɣ벻Ҷȵһƣ߶ȣȻҲﵽһȥռʱᡣ
ٿ
һ࣬߿ǱȽʹ͵ϮˣƺΪҶȵвԶˣԴ߶һһˡ
ɲǼ䣬Χռ飬ҲǳصģָҪľ顣
ɽ
Ѹײڶ֮ƣҶȴ߶ֻľֻߣ˫һֻشɽԼͬʱѹ
ǡϵֻ벻ӵ㴫˵֮е߲ԪĴڣϷֻشɽϳֻ
ʲô뱾ԣֻһ³Ǿ
ҲЩ㵣ֻأǵȷǴ˵֮е
ʱĻһĻӭѹֻشɽͬʱһߣҲͷ߶һƬƬ⹥ֻشɽ
¡¡¡
һֻشɽϽ٣Ȼ赲Һ鲻٣ֻشɽѾϽ٣ֻشɽˡͷŵһδײըԶкܴӰ졣
֮ҶȾǱ̬Ĵڡ
ľ˵ϾɽصֻͨȻҪܴ߶֪ҶٶȣǳʮԿĹȣʵûжӰ졣
һԪʼ񣬾ȻסһĻȥȻ˽ҶȣΪڶλԪʼǿߣһλȻ

ֻ߱شɽѹƣûðɣҧٿҶһ˵â
ܴ֮⣡
ӼҶȾ;һ䱦ȻȼԶȲϾ䣬Ʒ쳣˵á
Ҫ໥ɱ
Ҷ¶ЦݣȻӡ߶Сâ¡֮ʣҶһһ㣬â⾹Ȼˡ
ͻ
գۼ䣬˶벻ǣâ⾹Ȼ˺ӿ֣ʼϲòǰˡ
ֳֻ̾ش£ԴﵽֻأʡתһѵЩȱ޷漣𣿡
ȻһϹŶҲɱȥ뿪סһҶȲ֪ĵȻԸһ·
һ仰˶мЦݣͬʱ˷һ⣬ΪѩܣҶȴС
С
߲ܣκͨҶȶҪѶԷתΪԼͷŵĹɲǼ䣬ڰ֮ʧ
ֻҶ˫ָˡһ㣬оȻֿӲͬͷȥϢֱ˷ʤ
Сһ׼ȷͷִ߶ֻľڶͨԪ
Ȼʵǿ߲࣬ôҶնɱԷĿܣҲֻϢ߶ԪʱҶȵУһɹȼյֻԪ֮ͬƶĻ߾ͷ
ǡԪϢ
Ҷ֮ͨ£´֣ʱ໥ɱ׷׿ҶȣȻܵһв
ÿµԪ񹥻
߼ʶ㣬ǰȻҲһͷƬȼֻ֮߶ԪһɫԪ磬ǰ
һҲæͷԪ
λһ£ңԶһ΢Сͨɣ
Ҷȴʱͬˡ
ΪͷԪ֮ʧԪԪ񣬶ͷŹһԪӰߴʮɡ
ͨΪԪ
ɲǼ䣬ȼյԪֻػ棬Ȼڣͬڣϵǿߡ
ͬľͷˣŵҡͷһԪʼΪԪﵽ˾˵ĸ߶ȣ
һ˻˰
ҲεҡҡͷȻűɱ֮
ͻͻͻ
ʱԪֻ棬ԪԪСҶȿʼԿ
һĻͬ޴Ľɫ˳ɽɫ˳ͣԽɽѹơû
ˣ
ԪγɵԪɽʼΡȻһ㹦֮ҶԴԴԪ˳£ͷԪƣȻԪ𵤣ѾҪɫ˳ǡ

˷˺ѷεĲҽϧλͬ飬һѱնɱҳʳû˿ڴʱɱһѡ
ߣԪΪ쳣ۺ񣬿ϧѾһֱѹԪ֮ϣΪԪ񶼴ﲻǿ۷壬ҲʼҡǰҶ˶ΪԪ棬ϵذѹ
⣬Һ⡭
֪Ҷȴ״̬£ԵޱȣȻ˶챻
ҶͻȻԹЦݣλǲͷϧǣ໥ɱһᣬҾҪԶʧ
ߣԪΪȻ㣬Ҳⱻѹŭɶĺȵ
ĿԴɣڰ׾
ȻڴʱҶҪ߶Ժڰľͨڰ׾ҲһԪԦ֮ͬǣͨԵҲպãѹ
߳߳
Ȼɫ׹Ԫ˳֮ǰԪ˳Ȼ·һӳΪ׹ڰ硣
⡭
ܰһΪӵ˸߶ȵĵ
ͬʱ˿Ԫ׹׷ױɫޱȼɵ飬ȫȼԼԪ
ûõģ֮ͨ£ֻбѹˣܰɣ
ҶٴƶԪ֮Ԫ׹ͻȻɢ߳߳һ£Ԫ׹⸲Ԫ


2289 ںϴԪƬ

׹Ԫ˳̼䣬ڵĸ߿գԼ˵ֻߺһһ·ʧˡ
ֻдƬ߳߳׹Ԫ񸲸Ƭռ䣬ֿԪ𵤣Ҳʼһʧ
ҶȵһΣʵնɱ񡭡ͷ
ȭͷ΢΢ɿȫҲָǰһԪϢʧȥҲ顣
ֻͬľͷˣƯڰһûˣֻ˯һ㣬ʵǵԪʶױҶĨɱѾ䡣
ǿߣͿԴﵽ߽λԪʼ۷״̬ټͻư˽λԪʼڲ⣡
ǿʬ壬̯ģʬ屻ģ
ȷһϧҶ˵ô󣬵ԺԸУġ
ãӣӣ
ǰ߿գʣͷѾһˣˣּҶһ֮նɱǿߣƵæѷϿշȥ
ܸӳȥϣǻᱦʱһɱ
һ޾ڰգҶҲ߶ߣʱһǰһ󣬰ס
ɱ
˫һᣬûк·˫üһᣬԷͬʱޡҶȳ֡

ʵʵҶȴ߶һֻȭһλ֣ԷʵҶûܣ״̬ʵÿһζܴĳϾĻ񣬲ܴԿ
ͨΪ
ͣ
ⲻ֪ԷͻȻͷųֻ֮ͨһͨڱҶ湥֮󣬽ұ۱һиС
ݺᣡ
ҶȲʹ߶޽Լչ
Ȼ޽ã޷Ԥ֪ĹʽԷ޷Ӧһ£ԷϾۡ
ʥǹ
ڶལ֮УҶȾȻץһʥǹ磬ٴ߶ʥǹһ̡
ʥǹٶȳŶԷ鼸ʥǹʱԷһȭ֮ͨһʥǹͨȭͷһ´̴ֱۡ
Ҷһץһ޼ս˳Ĳӡ
ͣ
Էûз֮Ͼʥǹ޼սҶǿĹͨӵ߲
һȦѪͷ­£ʬ屻Ҷһ֮С
֮ǰԸҶҲδˣζԸһˣȻ˵ұۣκ鶼ûоԣʱʱҿ
Ѱһǿ߲סÿռƣһδײԷʮιնɱԷ֮Ȼްʬɡ
ͨ壬ڵع֮ռ
ʱ̵ҶȽ̨ںϴԪͬʱһͨ壬ռɢڵعֱ
̨ҲȫɸʯʯɣγһʵԵѹ󷨡
̨ǰһӦҶѾҵĵطȷûа֮ϴ߶ߣɷո̨Ϸһ󷨡

ܿ죬̨ϵʣ󷨲ϰ룬׷ױҶģȻһն¶˳ҶȽնʱռ䶼ٲǴԪģӦӿѹԪõ
̫ˣҶȶԣһݴ񣬵ǰѸ̨ոɾܴﵽ߽λԪʼ¸߶ȡ
Ͻ·һ󣬹ΧǸָӣﵽķӡ󷨡
֪ԪƬж󣡡
Ѿ޷ѹƣͨͨҪɤǿ·һںϣڽ棬ǿֶΣ޷ﵽԪĸ߶ȡ
ڴУҶ룬̫̣ƽĻҪܳʱ䣬Ҷһ̻ڵĴԪ
ԭҪôԪ໥֮ӦƱػںϣʱ󣬸޷ֹԪ˫ںϡ
ȻᱻԪ顣
ˡ
ƴСĴԪƬոӿ֣ȻȻ֮ڵƬ˸Ӧ
Ҷ׼ƴԪ߶ͷ֮ڵĴԪʱͻȻһĻҶȾˡ
ոͷ̫һ֪ͷŵĴԪȻ
ѵѵĴԪƬҪõƬĶࣿ
ԪȻҪȥںϣֻ˵ڵĴԪƬҪӵеľ޴ܶࡣ
䡭
ԪײͷųĻͬҶϣֱײһ顣
찡
䣬ﵽ߽λײʱֳһĻҶ˲Ѫȡ
Ϊڿռ֮УһһߴСĻԪƬˣƬΧϰٿ֮СƬЩƬСȭͷСҲʯӴСƬһߴƬΧоǳ롣
¿ҶӶʵ̫ˣƬҪӵеĻԪ֮࣬һںϣ½ߴС
ˡ
ƴСƬ߿գƬںϣΧСƬһҲӿ롣
ؼҶӦһԼ־ٻƬںϵǷݻԪҶȵ־ƬͬҶˡ
ϰƬһ󣬵ȴƬʼںϺЩϸƬſʼںУһһ飬˻Ԫһֳֵ̬ĻԪȻ״̬һˣǴԪвǰ˻Ǻˣ֮˴Ԫеһ̬
Ѫ
ΪôԪںϵøҶֵ뼸ξѪУ֮ѪԪں֮ʼҶڵ̫һΪȻ̫⡢޼˻סԼԼ
ԪȻķ޼˻ȻҪںϣߣҲԪ֤Ԫصһ

ٴںϵĻԪطҶڣʱҶȾһƮ޵ζȫﵽһֿ״̬
ͬʱҲ̫ⶼԪᣬԶŵĹ֮ҲԪҲУ´Ԫоһ¯һκĴڡ
ڴ߶ԪĻٴν֣ȻὫһնɱ
ʵոµĴԪҶȸо˲ĴڣģԸ߽λҲбΪ߽λ񣬲ܴԪֻҪԴ߶Ԫз޷Ԫ޷նɱ
Ҷȵģ
ڲͻȻͷ򣬾ȻѸ̨ڵ⣬ͻȻġ
أ
ҶȼͷͨҲѾڰյȴҶȣѾаգչһգǴա
ʮ֮󣬴߶״̬£ѷ϶˽֮£Ӧ֮У֪ͬǣͳ˵꣬ҶҲٵʱ䣬֣뿪硣
ͷδӦκζ֮Ҷ߶ǧͼ֮ǰµ괩ȥò˶ãܻص̫ʱա


2290 вѾв
ʮͻȻųƯգˮҲǻɫģûϢ
̫ʱգ
ǻˡ
̤̫ʱգҶ쳣ɣͥ㲻ǼңҲͬӪ̫Ҳ޷ڴ˷
΢΢ͷŸӦҶȾѸӦɽߵϢȻǰȥ;һЩʱգܸӦߡ
⣬̫רעؽԼ纵໨Ŵ۵Ϣֻ´ȥ˵
һźҡҡͷ̫ʱ
Լһ꣬ҶȾʱգʶɽߵϢĸӦɽߣ֮УΪ»ҪϺܳʱ䣬ֱﵽܶС
Ҷȡˣ
һ޵˫֮ͫ⣬ͻȻʱ֮б
ʥ
ҶʵҲӦϢʥǿߣʱȸӦҶȵĵ
κ֮ɹɹɹɹɹɹϼɹɹ˴һһ֮С

һӰֶʥ
ԭʥΪѴﵽλ񡭡Ϊκ֮УԳΪϣʣʵѴﵽλ񡭡
ʥҶһɨҶ׿ʥΪԷҲǵһϿɵĴڡ
̫ţʥʱҶȣݶҶһֱμС
Ҷֻһʱ䣬ʥҲûʲô飬ԷΣʱ̳㹻˵ʥһΡȵĴܣԣֻҪһӣᾡ֮УҲûеڶֵ𾴵
̫ܶ׷ɱԤ֮⣬ҲԤ֮УͺãҾȻҪʩչǿͨܿΪ߽λԪʼ񡭡Ŷãܴһ̤Ԫʼ߽λ
ʥ˫ͫ˸һɫĹâ뾪ϲٶȳɳȥַԪǿ߱ȥ
ֻ΢ЩʥмУ̫ŻǵѰ𣿡
ֻɽ֮ǧ֮꣬սУľӢɳǣպüǰʮ֮һʥ֮Уܸ߲ϴ񣬾֮ǰ̤̫šǰϢɽһϱɱս󲻾ã̫һɽ֣໥ɱ֮Уɽʧأ¼ֲ˶ã
ˣս󲻾ã˴Ϊµᣬìܣ󱬷ս
𣬲ɣ
˿֤ʵǿѨ磬Ҷȣڱܵһ㣬㵱ڻɽɱɽԪΪ˴˵֮ʵݣɱɽ̫֪
⡭̫Ų֪ԪʦӦ֪ɾ̫նɱĳϣǲ֪ɣûнݸ֪ɽ߲㣡
˵κοܶΪпܻᷢ¡
ʥ˲䣬ɫüһء
ʥڵģ֪ҵһ뾡취ԸңӴпܻݱɣ̫ͬɽľ棬̫ŵжԣҶȵ˼ά뵽ʥĵԭ
ʥɵȷڵⷽ棬֮УҿóҲ˽ִ˵ԪʼΪܽ죬ٶ˵Ǿ޽еģӵжྪ˵ʵܽ죿һ񣬴ﵽλ磬ܽ죬Ҳûʸȥʿʥأз죬Ԫʼһ룬᲻˴ۣõһ¶ȱ˵̫ţǿҲҪ뾡취õ㣡
ǽһξǷ֮У
˰ɣһֻҵĲ룬һʱ䣬ʱʱ̹̿ע̫ɽʲô紵ݶ֪ͨ㣬ɹɡ
ȥɹһһͬѣ
Ǻãھ֪ͨʥ˵ˣˣħأ
ǻһʱܻ
ţȻҪһѣȥʥϣֱȥʥɼǣ
лʥ
Ҷȹ֮ʥ˲ʧȥ
ҶҲɹ
ӸʥԻһĻĻʥ岻ѣˣ֪콣ͳᣬĳϰȡ
ȴѣΪҶ룬֤ʥһڡĴܡ
̤ľͷΪµߡ
̫ɽɱȻĪа񣬲Īакô֪᲻пܣ̫ŵõԪǷ콣
һҶȾѳʥǰ
𽥿ʥʱѾӦһЩϤϢֱֶۡն졢ġɾԼˡ
ˣҲûһϤϢ
ҶȸоЩ֣˵̫ۡ˶֣Ϊֻħ֮У˹
һ㣬ֵҶõġ
ˣ
һâӸ߿£ʥǰߣǵâΪ֮һĿⲻȫǼһݵìܡ
ˣҶȴâ֮£ɾһȻǻġ
ֶֻ΢΢ףնǶҶһӵȴԭδһ
ÿ˵ľֹЩҶȲ׽һ֮ͻȻΧһЩʿŲͬĿⶢһһ·Ѿܵܶ˼ӡ
ֵܡ˵㣬ܲҸĵط
򵥣ҵԪҲ޷ӣ
·Ҷ߶һӡ˰Ȼϸ߿գһɽ֮ϡ
Ӧд·ɣ֮УҶһɨˣǰÿ˶ˡ㡣
˭룬һվ˵Ҷȣߺ󲻾ãǾ͵õգΪһϲ񡢸߲׷̤Ȼ󲿷˶ﵽʥ񾳽磬Ǹ߽λʥΪѸ֮ʣЩ֮УЩǿ߿ʼвǣԶǵӪ򽫱ų⣬޷õԴȥǾɹΪͥǿ߾ۼ֮أеıʥĸ칬ÿ˫ʥǿգý뾪ɹеһˣòͥͬʱ칬ҲвǣǼǣԶϵϾϵ
ǲ֪вҵѣв𣿡
ͻȻݵݣҶȶ̫ͻȻˣͫŭ⡣
ҶҲϵɹЩͥͷ粻Źϴ뿪̫ʱʱ칬ɳħ·ɱ
ĬһᣬҶȵʵЩھɹ֮У
ֶҲڿڣԿ˫ʥΪףа̡ʮλߣ˫ʥƻͶɹǣϼؽ౦۵ˣнʮˣʱɹ֮Уڲ֪˴ɹÿһҲЩԴÿ˶ܵвǣѾǵˣ


2291 ̽
벻ìܣڱ
ͥɽҶȴһδͥ⣬ǻ뾡취һѩǰܡ
ҶЦ˫ʥش۵ߵļϸҲͶɽΪͥưڸݣҷ磬Ŀǰ޴ȥͥǣǱûᣬҪҹҳʵ뿪⵽ְͥɱ
ն쾪㵵̾˵пܻᾭɽͬһĻͥ˺Ƥ
ֶ˫ͫɽǰ㣬ԿҶȵ뷨ǼˣǶûҶȣĪҪִңҲ޷ѡʱѡΪУǺǣҲǼӺ㣬ǺĳʱڣҪ㱣һξ룡
Ȼʱ򣬺ԥвҵԣǰŽʦ˵ʱίȫǵһѡҵ뷨ڿ˫ʥ֪ǹͥˣһֱδǣһһǷ磬ǴԴС
ѣҶ˵޷еŭ𣬼䳰ҲԱֳĬջǵͥͥΪ磬̫ʱգϹŶ׵磬ǴˣһףҶɽκˣҲһȻȥԺ֮ᷢʲô£޹أҪʱ䣬ҪǿͬҲҪϣ۷壬ȻЯݺأ
ҶǰǲΪʵǲиı˵ֵܣһԣηģܺĶһͷţ
ʵҺ˽Ƿ֮ҴδΪ룬ǿǸҵĲǰڴҺòйͥԴңһͥǴұǿʥأû˿ԴǣѵҶȻ˽ȥΪͥǵԹȶ뿪ټŵ
硢磬ʵ֪ңкɽ޾ԿˣɱҴ˭ҲżµҵΪ룬ҲЩͷҲȥٵطʶȷʺϴҵĵطõĹޣҲ˽ؽһжߣ
תˣӴԺҶҲκιϵҾúУϣȴǿ֮ʣٴξף
ʱ˿̣Ҷͷųһǿƣưֶۡն졢ġɾϵ𿪣ʥΪܷҶȵƣ
ֵܡ
նȫҶȣȻ𿪡
ֶۿ΢΢ʪȴһοΪʦһһת棬ԺˣѰʦ䡭ǲһֱ֮±ǿЩ㣬ſģյΪ˽ĳһžۣ
ֶۣһ˼άȻΪ
ɹ˴ͥǾɹ֮еҪشۡشۡԼţͷͶɹȻ뾡취Ϊɽ֮裬һѩǰܡ
ֶһ㣬رһԴɽĹͥɹҲֻһˣͥ޼ɵԿˣǾԲưոݡ
ڣһվһеڼϣΪͥԸĶǷߣһõı
ˣȻҶȡ
ֻҶʵǳеһУΪȡʱ䣬ͥԿͥע
ҶȶԣʵһԭǾ̫ţʥĵҶӵ콣Ϣй¶ȥȻܴӰ죬Ӧؼʱһѡ
һ˳ȥ󴬣һȥĻѶ˶ܵǣ
ԲˣȻҪϷⳡϷʵɣ
Ȼ䣬Ѿ𿪰֮ߣͻȻƺݺݵһƣ˶ʱһѪưΧǧ׿ռ䣬˲ѡ
ಣ
˴󶯾Ȼʥ
һʱʮʿɳǼˣּҶÿռ˺ѣ֪£Ⱦְռѹ
һݹ¼ЦݣҶ֣һʥ
ĵܣ
ˣ޷֪֮Ҷȳֵ⣬Ҫװ׸ͥЩЩҪǿУҶѾַˣҶŶǳ֡
ӴˣҶڷߣûκιϵ
δκˣľͷҲһǴɽ翪ʼҶȾΨһ֮ˣȣݴʵڲǳ˿ģǲܹһҪǿٳΪ
ɽħһΣؿ̾Ҳһ̳Ĭ
ǶҶ׵ˣɽ翪ʼʲôʱҶ֣߳ˣ
ǵһΣΪǴʱ˿̣ҶΪˣĬĬعһУΪȫˣѡԵݰ
ҶʥǰѾһٶʥǿߣۼſڣһ񣬵ںȵҶȣոΪζǳ֣ȷأκɱսʥȣ
Ҷȱȭĵģ鷳֪ͨʥ߲㣬ҶȽ⣬ҪһҪһ𰸣
֪ͨ
Ǿͷһ֮ԱǣȻһʥ
öͷϢ˴ɹ֮мλҲˣɻʡʥλĸԼۡʥ
ֻһ㹦һͷ־Ѿʥ֮Уʥ֮ʮ߲㣬񣬻һ
Ҷȣ
λʥͷһҶȵͷ֮󣬴߶һâҶһͬʥ
֮ңǰϤʥ
ǰǶʮͷд󲿷ֶ־ͶӰɹ֮ʥͷЩ˻Ǳ
ۼҶȣȿڣ˳ȥУΪֻһ˻
λ͸ޱȵۣҶʩλȻУҪһʱܻһΪ鷢ò
ڲк·һʥͷĮȻʵһ߸ϡ
ôɽ¿ʼ˵𡭡
ҶȺֱӰɽͥδĦڵԾɹĹʥλĸǸ߹󡢶ׯɫ˿˿仯
Ҷ˹شۡشۡԼţͷһֱйڣԼʮߣ˶ԣǾǵͷţɹڵͥѾڲȡԼλѵļƻħ뿪ȥʱո뿪̫ʱգ⵽ɹǿ칬ɳһΪħǿ߰ɱλͷӦú֤ʵ£
ʥλĸƿ֮µľɹѵд·ͻȻӾʥλĸ
޷϶ǾͷʥλĸӦһ䣬Ҳ־ͷ˵ҶЩɱһ΢С¡


2292 
ϸȥҲڣʥλĸСȻǰ⣬֤֤һУ֪кδ㣿
ԻҳеߣʥλĸɲɫӦ
λǰ
ҶͻȻǰһԵùиҪϣܽһȻټͬʱзߣҪһУ
˭֪˻һоͷɫʥҲԵ⡣
ͻȻһĨЦݣһĪΪЩͷܰѴ²
԰ɹİɻʽţĮС¹غʥһ˵䣬ܱģʥԼķ٣ҪʲôʲôԼĴ㣬ССͣ㻹ʥ֮ϣ׳־ǲһδѧ·ѵ뿪ʼܣ
λҶֻд԰еĵطˣΪɹ֮۴ӿʼڣȻڰҶ˵
ʥλĸĿȥۣɹǱƿأе±ԻˮʯϣڲҪƫ̻СıκһҶȣҪ粻Ҫʲôӵʲô벻һĥѵķߣִǳҲ޷
ҶȾȻһ̹ȻһͷһİľͷֻʥһϤҲİĺܡ
ЩͷĸҶǰһ߸ϵı飿
ƽҶһι޷ӦҪ󣿡
׵ʥλĸĻȻֱӣ˵ĺһзȵĵطҪǻῼǣڲҪĴ𰸣
𰸡
ʵѾԣһ΢ǵòеģʮй֮ˣʱЩͷصֻʵʵܱӡ
ҶȣԺ룬ǻʱ˱㣬κΣգ
мл𣡡
Ҷȱȭ֮תįڡ
뿪ʥһ̣ҶͻȻһظ泩֮УĿǰΪʵһֱļƻһƽĿĺܼ򵥣뿴ЩߵӶȣʱҪƲϵ
Ϊ뵽ʱΪ콣κѡ
ˡ
Ϣ߶ǧͼ뿪ʱա
մ֮УԺͻȻһ龻ֵĲӰҶͣæữΪӰĻ龻֣֮󣬲Ӱʧȴץסһ˿˿Ϣ֮ɫǡϢ
˷֮гһˣ̫ʱ޾棬Ӱ
ͷŸӦ֮ߣҲ޷ӦΧϢΪλ龻ͻȻӦһ΢Ϣ
ѵԷҲһʿҲﵽܸ߾硭Ӧòܣôɵ£ܴﵽĸ߶ȣԼͨͽĳɼѵһӵͬʿ
ԳЦЦղǹ޵Ϣпǲ̫ʱյоʲôзϧ޷ӦԴ
ǳâҶֶʧȥ
˴ɹ֮һɹ
һŤռ䣬ɹȥ˸ƿȻͨܡ
ռ֮УֻۼԦƬռ䣬ϯɹֲ˿ռƿΪɹ֮
ͣ
۾Ҫ̤ɹڵķɽ֪մУͻȻ˳Ļɳ籩
ɻɳ籩ԸĿۣۼɳ籩𺳵ּǻɳ籩ȻջûһӰ𺳡
͵Ϯ𣿡
Ȼ𺳣֪ԷǶԸ̤һǰռֱ飬κʣͨͨ˺ѣɾԻҲøǻɳγɵӰ
ˣ
ɳӰ󲿷˲䱻˺飬޷ŵǣĻɳֿʼϣܿռѣɳһ֮ơ
ɳӰȻһΪɳ״̬Ѳˣһͳбۣ겻Ȼһɹľͷ뵱㻹һոðŰˣ
˭
仰˫üһٴУʶ
ͳ𣺡ѵ²˭
˭ӵ֮еϵͨ
ͻȻͫ˸ܣֻһˣﵽߵĸ߶ȣǸѾ䡭
㻹ǵңȻҵϵͨǰֵܣӦԶҵĴڰɣ
㡭У
ǵˣ
ɳͻȻٴᣬβӰлɳȻΪһӣ칬۵ࡣ
ֶ۵ŵŵ˺ʥôܻţ
ϣһΪʲôţΪұ֮ĸնɱ𣿡
ҡͷȻҲ֪˺£Ҳ֪㾭˺£Ҳ֪ȣŵںҲ֮ܵʥһжѹȥҲǷߣҲǶеһԱҲΪǿѵλҪ˵ģ
ˣӦǰɣ
ʥڹģʵףǸʱ֮Уţ֮УпܵһΪɹ֮ľǶΪǿڵģ𣿡
ôǣۣҲյУҲʶʥˡ࡯ҿԻһոµ򵥵ķ㣬£
Ϊζ
۷ʵ֮ü֮ϾȻһֻ̻̲ɫ
Ϊζ
¶һݺЦݣĿĺУӿۣ벻Ӷ
˵ʲôһҡ
Ȼ㴧׵ͿҾŸһǿߣӵɹƣԼԪϸԪ֮ĩǿߣݽɽ磬Ҳ֤ȥ磬ȥۣѵҪҵ𣿡
㡭˵ˣ۽߳һʥô֪֪ɽ£ƺԹ쳣˽⣡ڵ˭
ͻȻ˫֣̫ˣҲٻش𣿲ҲشЩ⣬ۣһǼ㣬Ǹ㣬ļƻֹ֪Ҳֹǲ뵽ƻ֮У
㵽Ϊζ
ɭɭʵ֮УȻһɱ⡣
ۣϣ㲻ҪκɱͷȻΪ㣬Ѳնɱϣ֮޷κңܱȵ֮ڵңѾʥۣҺĻаյõҪһУҵң֮˵˵Ƿҵģҵתɣģǲǵ¹֮ڵģ
఺˵ָ꣬һһâֻΪɳ֮С
ô֪ļƻ
ץסâ˫ͫɱ⣬ʼû׷ȥද֡


2293 Īа
񶴣
Ƭʱһɱ֮Ҳģ̫Ż֣
֮ҶȾʱա
̤߽λԪʼĸӦѴﵽǰ߶ȣ񶴲پ޴ޱߣأڵĵӷĶ
Īаͻһλ񣬾ΪƿһУҪ̫ٴҵУ
˼һѾһϸļƻͼֻҪռƻһжܵõ콣
գꡣ
̫ڵľ޴ʱգǳâ˸Ҷƿնǰ̫ϿƼһǿҵɱ⣬ͨһӦҶȺܿ͵֪̫Ŵŵ״
ѾɱɽʱգŵӣƬʱʮ½Ҳɳһɱɽнּⳡģս֮УɽˣҪ֮
ĪаƬʱգһ콣ϢҲʧˡĪаӦɽʱգǵ콣
ͣ˲ɽȥ
ɽʱգҶȾͼ½еĴ½ΪƽأеĴ½ƽ½Լ洦ɼӵɽӣ̫Ÿֲ׷ʹ
Ӧɽʱ룬ηҶȾѼһӴ½֮УǱĻĢգǿ󷨣ֹɽܣ봦һ̵Ľ磬Ӧɽ
һѪһֱƯɽϿգþ޷ɢȥʱʱ־˵ռ䣬֪˫жٵ֮䡣
ˡ
ӦҶȺܿ͸ӦĪаϢһ콣Ϣ콣ӦһĸУڴ߶콣Ӧɽڣûеڶ콣
ĪаƬʱսԶĵطȻ񣬵ЩĶֻ֣Զȴᡣ
ӡ֮һɢȥĪаһˣΣ
Сӣ㻹֪úݰҶĪа̾˻Ӧóŭ⡣
֮УҶһ߳ǰһӰֶֻ˵Īаȴ񵱳һδμҶǰ㺰ɱ
ҶʾΪõǷ콣
ĪаǸ䲻ȣδҲ̫߿ˡԭʱʧȥʵˣΪȻܲΪСӣǲҪҶ֣
ʵԪʼô֣Ǿòܵȥˣ̫һɽػ뾡취ԸңʵݣµʱҲᱩ¶˵ҲһɱһǶҵĺ·Īаûк³ȻҲк³Һ
ô
̫ǰȻֻ΢Сֻ֣лõе콣ҵļƻܼ򵥣֣ĳ壬Ȼĳй¶콣Ÿ׷ɱȻڰһӦϣɱֲҲһᣬأ
Īа񾲾󣬶ʱһɭƣƻǲкҪһ㣬˭ȥ䵱ն
ҶȺ̹ȻЦȻ㣬Ϊʵıȵ㶼֮ϣȥѵֻȥ𣿡
ߴŭ㻹ǰƻҶȣƻӦһ˫֮ưɣΪҲ֪ʱȥ䵱նŸ֮󣬵ʱͲһԿɱٳ
Ҫ˱ɺòãҶԩ
Ǻǣ㻹е֪֪֮Լɣ̶ֶΣھ뻢ıƤ
Ҳûа취Ϊʵ㲻£Ļʾ֭취Ը㣿ⶼǱƳģĪаԺúÿǿǣһ˼ڶԸɽһʰɽ֮ǾҪٴγΪһ
ⷬӦҶ˵ǣҶȣõ콣ҲɣΪѾżҲĵƣأԶᱻ׷ɱȥԶأѵǣһ·׷ɱľ𣿡
ߣҾΣ㲻òϿɣõĻᣡ
ҪҲУ䵱նһб̸
ҡ
ֵҶһ㵣ĪаɫȻǺ
Ҷȳ˼һҧҪиȥ䵱նĪаҴӦ㣡
ţ
֪ҶȴӦˣĪаȴһĮЦʱлõ콣㣬ҳֶȡ
Ҷҡҡͷ޷𰸣ɣ˭лᣬ˭ֶΣ˭ͳᣬ˭õ˭ģǿʵģ
ֱʱĪаڵͷããѵ̹ϣ˵ģ˭л˭ᣬڸȥ˰ɣ
ӣ㻹ܵá
Ҷ֮ͬ󣬶ɳɽʱգһʱУҵһƬʱգȻһƬ쿪ʼ󷨡
Լʱٶֲ꣬õɣ֮УҶҲſĪаʵ´ﵽλλ֮䣬޶λʵһλӵλʵĪаȻš
Ϣ
֮⣬ĪаҶζ΢Цš
죬Īа㵽ʱɱ𵹴һңҶԹȲϵ콣ɣ㵽ʱڣҲ
Ҷһ̻̲ģ˵֮ɽʱա
֪ܽƻҶȣβкֶΣᱻѹǿҾǰȻȵõϵ콣ʵٴͻƣʱɱţõһ콣Ҳ٣
ƻĪаҲɵӣǰƿȻһΡȻҲκλᣡ
Īаüһᣬ֮ͫȼаâǰδ޷ѹҶȣղѣǾѻᡣ
ҶҲҪҶȡ
ͨ壬ǱΧ
ҪɽʱգֻӰҶ룬ͨ壬֮ͨ߶ԪϢֱ۷ȥ
ɽʱգִһҶȾͿʼͷһ˿˿콣Ϣ
Ʒʮ½֮ͻȻ龻ָӦǿҵ콣ӿ֮һµ־ǶŻкü־һѰ
ˣ
һ콣ϢҶʱա
ͬʱڴս֮еɽͻȻɳӰҶµϢһѰһƿշǰʱա
ӰѾɽʱձԵһֳһ˵֣ͻȻֵ콣ϢǲеΣϵĶ콣ʿӦԶԶΪλɽѵǲ֪׷ɱǣ
ʮˣЦǰ˴̫ܵõ콣Ǿǰ¸ͣ˵ԴǽУõĻᣡ
һΥϵ˼ϾԽǣҰ콣ڳϣ֣Ӧõһʱϻ㱨
ģǻ벻һ죿ѵҪһ㣬Ϊŵţ㹻Ĺͣȥ죿ߣ
˵ںȳͷһӣűɱ֮Ĵͷ׷ɱȥ


2294 ݾ
콣
ʱգһƬ첻Զա
ĪаһаƣҲǣ·ڴ߶ͨ
֮ͫУȻʱʱһͷɢаӰӰʱʱ̶̿ſ˫ۣԿָرϸͷŵаϢĪаʮ
ĪаǾҪ׼ã
ͬʱҶԴﵽԪʼ۷ٶȣ߶Ԫƿն
Ťռ䲻ӿѾǴ󺹵ҶȣĪа񻺻˵ղϸϸҺϸڣҾ㻹ϣһʲôֶΣǰʲôܰæҵʱˮһգ
ϾҪɱˣȻͣ£Ҷ벻ʱĪаܵ˼Ӷ½Ůħͷ
Ҫĺܼ򵥣Ҫ㹻ĳ⣬Ͱһ˿ҵںϣһҵϢҲƿϢʱҾͲõģһңֶԶ콣ƨɲ֮
ϢĪаڱҰҪյϢԺҸӲĸӦǰ·ϱƣҪϢʲôҵʵѵܽնɱ
żú룬ʱ䲻ˣŻвʮҲ˵㻹мԿǣ
ĪаŽƻɭɭЦ⣬չֳӲ˼ҶǺ꣬һϺꡣ
һ̣ҶĪаơĿ£Ĭ֮С
ĪаһҲżΪʵֶĿǰҶ֮ϣʧȥλᣬҶȴٵõڶֺûᡣ
ҶȴʱȴһЦĪа񰡣δ㱳̫ˣҵϢʲô֪ڵʵѾﵽĸ߶ȣҵ֮ΪΪõһԶǿߣΣѵȹ֮ǿ󣿡
ȻĪаƿҶȵ꣬ҶܵԺҲӲĪаĸӦ
ҧҧ֮ҶȲòͷãҴӦ㣡
˵꣬һץһ޵ϢĪаȥ
ĪаҲǵץһϢҶȡ
˰ɣ
Ҷŭɶ˼ۣ·ȺĪаЦݣŲæϢ
Ǻ䣬ӰƿնҲ
ԭ·
ҵѰϢѵٶȣӹǵ׷ɱ
ͷͬˣ·ȺУҶȾ㲻·һֱȥҲʮͱ׷ѹ
ಣ
ھͷ붼ûֱӷȺ
Īа񡭡
һУҶվһƬɭ֮У̧ͷͷͬһٶ߶֮ǰĪа׼õķ
ţ
Ǵ߶֮֮оȻûбκ󷨹˿ռ䲨Ҳδ
ѵ
ʱ䣬ҶȾףĪаֽţͷβԼίߣڴӦ󽫼ƾͼƣռƻ£Īа壬Ҳ֡
ֻһĿģͷҶȽ֡
ಡ
ԴУȻᣬҶȴæǰˮȥ
ܣСӣ¶ţʵɣ
̫ŵľͷѾƿƬռһһԼκҶֻһԪʼˣӵùǸӦ
Ҷȸոշɳףǰռ䣬ͻȻͻͻͻ飬ռ䣬ҶȲòˣȻ˷Ŀռ䶼ʼ
ҶȣҪңǺһֱЧѵѵ㣬Ҳ⼸꣬ұһӶ
ʱĪаϢ֮
ҶȲؿЦڶĪаٲ󷨣ҾҪɱһҲߵ;ĩ·ĵز
䡭
Χһƿ֮һϯҶڿռȻڶеҶȱѹʱɳȥڶѪ
ֲϿվͷЦСӣΣܣģϣΪε϶޷ѹ
ݡ
֪ҶΣ֮ʣͷ󷽣ƬռͻȻ״̬һ춼аͬͷ
ҶȿһĻ΢΢˿Īа㻹Ƕˣ
ͷ󺧲ѣΪȻ޷Ӧһ磺СģԷһʵﵽλ£ɴ⣡
žžž
ͷתԸԼӡ󷨣ʣ˼ƿռ䣬Ҷȷ˵ͨ
֮⣬Īа·ĮȻҪ赶ɱˣҶȣҪң˵ʵҲЩɱ㣬ĪаⱲӣΨһںĵˡɱɣ˫ɱһɡ
ɶĪаȻû
ҶȲϴ߶ִͨǴ򣬽зͷĹͨҲ߶Ԫڿռ֮Уͷ
֪ĪаҪʲôӦŭղǣһƽĪаƣҲ֪ʵԼֶΣ֪ڵȴᣬŸɱܾˣõҵ콣һжҵļƻ֮УҾͲţװ׿Ÿ֣ǰõҵ콣
벻Сһ߽λԪʼ񡭡
ģѹȣҶӵпռƣڻǱƵ¶ΪϢһͷȵ߽λԪʼȻӵһλʵǾţֲܵõ콣ܰԪѹ
Ҫˣ
һͷܺԽĹȫƾȻΪһƬʥѵĽ⣬ӡ֮һڣһƾҶѹȶ
ĹδƾϷ׿ռ䲻飬̫̫µĹ

Ҷֻܴ߶ռƲܣ뿪ռ䣬ԷͷƺҲʶҶӵо˵ĿռͨȻ߸ϲٿؽɫ׷ҶȲϽ٣ҶκͨҲ޷
䡭
ڣҶȲӱܣϷƻѹĿռ֮ϣſռһ֮ͬС
ۣ
ԾƵ֮ҶȵһѪôǧͼԼ򣬰һ־תƽǧͼ֮УͬʱҲʩչСһתƽռ䡣
һҶȾͰѾͷһ빥μ仯ˣҲܾͷһȶλʵ˵Ҷȵı
֮ϣֵľͷʵڶԼƻޱȣ̾ˣˣܱһȻûԪʼ𣿡
һͷϲδ˵ʵȷб£ֲõɽû취ѾˣʹѾǿ֮ĩҪȫɱһпܵը콣֮УԶҲ޷õ콣
ԪСߣ
һаƻڷչУҶҲҪȫԸչ¶ʵչ¶ռƣ֮£ѡ߶ͨÿռƬǰȥ
ǰס
ͷĶҶչ콣ռУʱ߶ٶȣϷжȥ
Ǵϣӵе콣
Ϸͷڻĸֹѽ飬ѱ֮ץ
ⲻ֪һӵѪ쳤ħŮѾĿǺ󷽡


2295 Īаϵ
ΪĪаϢͻȻǿ˺ü
ռ䣬ǰҶȣڸһЦݣΪĪаˡ
Ӧ֮УĪаϢȫаϢʮֹϣʵﵽҶȴδ˽ĸ߶ȡ
Ѿﵽλ۷壬һЩϽǷĻĽλ֣пնɱĽλλͷ
̫ͷΪλλ񲻵ȣĪа̫пܣõԷ콣
а֮ŭ
̫űѪĪаͻȻ˫֮ͫУһϵӰӰͫͻȻһѪ֡
ѪֺȻĳѸײڶ֮վͷͻأɱ
ã
վͷ֮УΪǿĴڣӦһвףΧѪֹɲǣ͵תһ󺧣æ֮£һȭȥ
䡭
һλĪаλͷӴײһ̣ۻǱѪ飬վͷҲ𷭣ڰüѪ
ͷǾͷӦͷ졢졢ΧɱŮ
ĪаѪʼﶯ·ѾԼͫӰӿԴԴϵа·ĪаԴȪ
Ů֪ԺεͨͨһԶŴܵ־öԷ־ӵнĽλǵ
ּæһһңĪаչĪа̫ˣΪʵͷ࣬Ȼڵһֽ֡
Īа񡭡֮ǰңֵˣ
һ߿գҶѾ;ĩ·ǰѱͷƿƿأҸӦĪаֽ֣ĪЦݡ
ǧͼͨ壬ͷŷ
ҶȷһȻ߶ǧͼ
ͻȻ䣬һȻ֮УҶȴ߶ǧͼһ̣һͬ޷ȵĹٶȡ
һ;ĩ·ˣȻ־˷ʽˡ
ǰͷˣþ޷Ӧһҡҡͷ˲ˣϢҲͻأʧһɶⲻٶȣʮָĿռͨǴˣ⣬Ϊ޷ѹӣ
һͷִϢѾסһӵ콣ʿҪȰʿΧɱѰСӵ䣡
ãץκһˣǾͿҵ˵Ϣ
ͷɣϸ߿ա
ͷѳĪаһͷ֮־ȻһͬĪаΧ
ҶСӣ
ĪаһͷѪ·ħһ㣬ͷһΪҶȱնɱΪĽͣҶΪʵܿΪﵽλľͷ
Īаִͷ飬·𿴳ǲûնɱҶȣõ콣Ҷһˡ
־ͷƣ΢΢Сȹ˲ˣɱŮħͷǾܵõ콣ӵݽȻܸӦСϢĺӲ
ҶȣĪаʱ˿޷ݣƻҶȻᱻֻˣȻҶ֮ʣ콣
ڡҶȾȻˡ
ͻȻҶȵϢһɵĪа񣬲˼һʼʲôҶѾµŸɱܾˣҲҪ㣬ΧʼڰϷҪŬܱҴᣡ
Сӣһ㲻úĪаһ֮£ȻһѪ
ͷ֪˺£ΪĪаˣ׷¶ϲЦݣһͬĪа񷢶֮ͨռ䣬Īаͷŵаͨײ
Īаڴʱ˿̣վ֮£Ȼʵͷ֣Ȼö֮ǰ͵Ϯ֮УǿվͷԷһˣĪа˵⣿
ͨ壬γɹ񣬾Ҫˣ
ȺϿ֮УҶȱڼո֮ǰԪõļʬ塣
ǰͨ壬һһػԱߡ
ҶСһâ̯ˮչ¶¿ûᣬȹǸӵ콣ľͷ
ȻֿһͷȻ񣬻ΪԪӡͨԺҶβܷŹͷһѹǵ־
ҶȵһΣ뿪ԼͨҲԼҲ뿪
ʼȫ߶ԪҪԼ۷ǿ״̬߶Ը̫ͷ
ʵֻܶԸһλľͷ
ҶȴȼյĿ⣬·콣ҶܲԪʼ졭Ҫˣ
ȫԸΪʵĿꡣ
룡
Ůħͷʵ콣һ֮ǵĶ֣

ĪаͷɢԵüΪǱҲ˺ۣΧͷͬǻʱʱ̶̿һһһлᣬĪаɱ֣ȡͷ­
Σ
ĪаͻȻץһˣƺǸ߽λһѺɫӡ
Сģ
һ֣ͷˡ
аռ䣡
ĪаٴβаĿ⣬ץаΧͻȻȳһɺڷ硣

ڷȻ澹ȻһħаӰ̰ͷ·ҪϵѪ
̫죬ҲʵԿģ
ߴ󺧲ѣ벻ףΪһ˵Ůӣᱬ˾˵֮ȳ֮ͬʱץ߶һʱֽâǹСԲâɫ籩֮С
أ
ڷ籩Ŀռ䣬ȻΪ˺ɹȣκʶаʴ
ͷУδ˱ը໥ɡƼγһ״̬
ĪаõԶҲһԶŴܰռҶѾϿˣĪаսҶȳ׼֤˶Էʵ
аȣ
ĪаǻӶɺڷ磬ͻȻ˫һϣһ̣ѪȻڵѪ
ӹһĻŷϷǽ壬Ȼ£ΪһɫľӰ·֮ͫУŵаܡ
ಣ
Īа߶аӣǰռһȣҲУźڷ籩ȻԦ籩֮С
ͷӶǱҶֱܵĪаߣǸ޷̫Žܲˣ

ɽаӰȻ¶Цݣ˫ƣݺݵץոյͷ
Īаԭ㿪ʼʱƺһУҶȾﲻѣĪаǲ򵥰ĪаСʵҪԴ
䡭
ɫаӰƣĵͷռ˲飬һǳʮĿռ䣬ͬʱаӰҲʧˡ
ۡ
ռ룬ͷͷ֮ҡڣ޷סΣϧ޷׷ȥݣһ̣ˡ
ΪֻʧȥҶĪа񣬽벻جβŸտʼ
棬ѹţ
Ҷȷͨ壬ʹ߶ƴĪаͷ˵Ļᣬͨ߶
ұͻȻﶯͨüץֱץ̫ŵͷ


2296 նɱͷ׷ɱĪа
ˣ
ͷ붯ռ֮Уʱ׷ɱĪаŬסռ֮С
֪
վͷ˫ĿһᣬؿǰĴͷҲһͬǰͬʱһâʯ׹䣬ѾϷ¡
ʥ̫ǿˣȫ飡
ͷ𺳵úעͻȻĹâ֣ʥϢҹҰ硣
ץæ֮£ڹâѹһ̣߶֮ڹâ֮ϡ
߳
âּѹȶ飬ǴӴ֮УһΪͷԲ
գۼ䡣
ͷһ׷ŭ˫ͫһ˲̾ҵԪ޷߶ˣʲô־ΪԪ޷
վͷæ𣺡ãԪҪ־飬ٹԪ磬һ飬Ǿˣ
ˮ
һӰͻȻʧĹֿռ䣬Ӷ
Ӱһ˦һؾվͷüġ

վͷˮ֮ȴ޷κηӦȫػԪ󣬾ҪֹѾҲ
ͣ
ѪһվͷüһĴָƵѪ
Ԫ
ڰƿشֵҶȣҲҪ߶ɱﵡ
Է̫ˣԪߣ
ʣͷ֮ΪǿĴڣ˲նɱ֪ٵֻ·һǵҶȴ߶ԪʱѾо٣ȻҪԪе
ϵǻһ֣Թ֮ǶԪͨ壬߶龻֣
һâӿҶȴ߶ԪĴͷɱ
ڣΨޣ
ͨһδ߶һɹ֮⣬Ƭռ䡣
䡭
ĴͷϣȫҲ޷ѹԪ֮еĿ־ԪҲǵ
׷ױըɢԪ֮飬Ѫ⣬һơ
Ҷ֮Уһץͽǿ֮Уִ߶ǧͼһ¶ա
ռȻ״̬֮УĻϧͷΪһƬ⡣
ʮ֮ҶѾ̫ʱոһռ䣬պǰʱµꡣ
߿գһ½ɭ֮
콣
֮УҶȸӳվͷںܿҵһͷŽľᣬԪǷ콣
˶һȦӣڵõ콣ֻںϣܳΪҵյԿס
ɡ
ץʬ壬ʼָơ
Ϊõ콣ʩչܳɹǴ߶ȻˮǴԪʵ߶񣬾ͿǣͷԪ󣬵ʩչֶΣһʧõ콣
ľ˵ϱ֮ǰͷˣνҲǺܾ޴ģһжֵãΪ˽ֵ̫ˡ
콣ںϣҿԸӦĪаϢ˰ɣ
Ʋϻָﵽһ̶֮콣ںϵϢ
ˡ
ʱںϵ콣΢΢ҶͷϢϢǰʱ΢΢
ȻĪаǷĳʱա
⣬ҿԸӦĪа콣ϢҲӦÿԸӦ콣ںϵϢ·ݾߣ֪ĪаϢӦڣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȳӶ࣬õ콣ԸӦĪа콣ô֮ԷҲԸӦ
һʱ˷ܹͷ˷ãĪаѾ֪Ҷȵõ콣ػ취ԸҶȡ
ȻɽϽһƬʱա
һѪĪаոƬʱգ󷨲ã콣ʼ
ɶ񰡣ɶ񰡣
ĪаһѪ̫ŷ򣺡ѵҶȱɱˣžͷõϵ콣
ԣ
˫ü𣬲˲ѪҶ֮ǰһӵӰ٣ֲ֮󣬻׷ҶȡѵҶ̫߹֮žͷֻһҶǸСӣ·۷ͷи֮ʣͻȻ͵Ϯ
֮ĪаһѪǧ㣬󲻵ûеõ콣һΰѱ˸Ҷȡ
ڶ
뵽ĵҶǰ׾ļƣͷĿѣ
治ס治ף
ͻȻ䣬Īа쳣İɫ԰ף뼸ңҶѹԪڻɽʱҾ⣬ҶΪôѹԪְӵ콣λնɱСնɱľֶΣΪˣβң
˼һᣬĪаɫѿ
żȻ磬һ·ҶһδӹԪ׷ɱԭһжżȻΪӵ㹻Ŀ
ڴʱĪаʵͻȻÿ飬ĿҲЩƮ룺ΪλֻһԪʼ񣬶񰡡Īаϧ׸а񣬿ɵͷûиı
У뿪ɽҪ뿪磬Ҷȵõλ콣ӵҵϢȻ׷ɱң֮ǰܵˣڿܵһʱѡˣһָػһʱֶԸңնɱλһ֣ȻҲ·һ
ĪаȻŴδйľֱ飬ѽգȻ߶ٶȣռƿնȥ
ŵӣԼڸ緢ɱһ̣Զû뵽дʱĽ
ĪаϢЩޡ
֮УҶȲͷȫָ֮ʣͻȻӦĪаϢڲϵ
ֻһܣĪаңԶ
ɶڱָﵽһ̶ȣɱĪаɱҲףŮѲ
֪ĪаߣҶȾûа취ֻܸżڲ׷ȥʲô
Ҫ֪Īа񵱳ǴΪʵǿͷΧɱ֮ӳȥ̫ˣҶȲǿ״̬Ըʵ䷴
뵽ҶٴμͨˣǿޱȣƲϻָӤڴ߶𣬸ָ˵ڻָٶȣʱʱ̶̿ɱ֮С
һº
Īа񡭡
ʧˣҶȻָ߰˰ˣ߶ǧͼӦĪаµϢƿ׷ȥ
ֻʮʱ䡣
ҶȾ񶴡̫Լɽ꣬˵شʱգһ½֮ϣĪа˵ĵط
߶龻֮ҶȺ޵ǰգĪа̫ƻˣܴˣҵϢ;ϢϵǰߡΣҲһЩϢ
߶ǧͼĪаϢƿ׷ɱȥ
ֻǴʱգҶȾһ޴ʱգʱһΪڡһƿء
űɱһ֮ʱϳֳʧɫԭӵһ󡭡Īа̫ˣô໥ĻҪڴڵ֮ضȦӡĪа񣬵ʵΪ֮ʱ㻹ȥη


2297 ڤع
ʵ񶴲࣬⴦ռ̫űȽңԶʱҿʵȥ׷ɱĪа񣡡
Χʱգǰڼ̵·½Ƿ֮󣬲Ϊ̫ɽս֮УԿҲһӰ죬˷ɽʱա
ǸҸط
ڶʱ佫ʵҲҪ߽λ̤˽λԪʼ
Ӧһһ½֮С
½󣬵ڣʺС
лʬ壬ųվͷλϴζȡԪʱնɱĵͽλ񣬿ϧͽλѾ޷Ҷͻơ
һа̤˽λԪʼ
ɭ֣߶֮Ԫϵӿϴ֮УҶﵽǰδеǿȣвӿǶҶ˵ͬˮнࡣ
֪ơôˣĳΣչսʱգӦÿҪռе˰ɣ
ֻڵԼʬ岻ϲ𶯣Ժ뵽˳磬Ҳ֪˽ΣгڣӦûд⣬Ҷڴ˻ع飬ΪҲӦôﵽĴڡ

ʱ֮Уǵǿ߾ۼ֮أû׵ʮ߲κεʿ̤Ƭ硣
Ϊʮ˲
һ޴Ĺͻʥ֮ϣʥΧңԶĵطŴǳء
ʥǵʥĵ񹬣ϷǸƵĹ֮⣬ʥΧдֲС
أ
ʥ֮УͻȻһɺŽ֮
˶ʱ˷ӿأʥΧ˶ʱղϻص
ͬʱдʿصĵۣʥһ߳ʥ·ͨʥϷ֮ͨС
ǿԽԽ࣬ȻĴڣڽʿˣڹΧʮ֮ࡣ
֪ʲôӣڵʥ񹬣Ҫʽ
վڽͷ˵֮ǾȻһһ£˫ڵϡ
ӭף
ϷҲ߹ǰǿ¹ӭ֮ʱһӹ֮зɳ
һʮÿһ֮ϵʿǵǿףףǾǵĻʵۡ
һ꣬ԭۡ
ףʮף·ʮ˲
ʮ֮󣬻ǧͷȻףΪѾﵽļ£ÿһǵǿĴڡ
أ
ͷ֮󣬺Ž֮ͻȻӿ죬ϯء
һͷӺ߳ʮǰʮǿߣԼʮ˲һ֮ӭСع񹬣
ʥ֮¡

ռȻŤ״̬һƬŤռ֮ɢЩŤ֮·ͬγɵһʢš
֮Уֻڤһ߳ڤһص£һƴнӲӵĵķβۣΧصĺϢǵϢ޷
ڤͻȻͣ²Ϸʥ񹬣Ӹ֮Ҳṳ̂ôԪȥһжδ仯
С㣬ģôб仯أһ԰οһ
ڤӣͨݡ
ϵһݣµĵͷ̿ͷߺӭС㣬Ը棬ԸСԶŻԻͣ
ͷߺ֮ͷͷ
ڤȴʲôҲû˵ϵڶݡ
ӭС㣬Ը棬ԸСԶŻԻͣ
ڶµͷɹޱȵؿͷߺ
ӭС㣬Ը棬ԸСԶŻԻͣ
ڤ̤һݣÿһǿ߶ͷӭɫ֮дŶڤ𾴡
ʱ˿̣ڤŰ񹬣Ůÿһͷ֮ϸߺ
Խ֮ʣʮʧǿʮ֮˲֣ǧͷΧ
ӭС㣬Ը棬ԸСԶŻԻͣ
һݣڤһĮһ㺮ڤǰʱʮףǧͷһ¡
ӭСع飡
׻Ǿͷڤ£κһˣǵһͳһߣȴҪһŮ¹
Ϊڤ̫ڤĺᣬĴѪдϵ壬ǱڤǾͲʲôˡ
ڤ˪ʧĿ⣬ǰʮףԼһߣλ֮УЩǰеǺˣڤҪ˵Ǹϵˣڤиеο
һףǰ׷ԲԵߣСڻˣͺã
ԭͻȻһӭСع
Сع
оͷ׷ÿһڤԼʮ׻£һ񹬣֮ڤߵ̫ڤ׵ȨĵطԹҲֻ̫ڤʸ
·Ǵʮ˲ʮʮ·࣬ǧСͬں
ڤʲ߱ףҲֻڤʸ
ڤ֮·֮ۼڴԼʮףһһ¡
ԭףڤ·ʮ¡
ʱ͸¶صϢÿһߵɣ·ֹͣһ㣬Ŀ֮УֻڤĴڡ
ԭվڤʩС㣬ʮ˲ףԼִ߶ˣڵȵСع鱦ƿص
ڤǶҸ֮Ҿһֱڤ֮˯ʵ겢δѴȨңȫȨ״λ
С㣡
һˣһ߳ѩ׺룬֮߳ԭ۶żֿڤΨһѪֻʸϱȻСˣϣСڼԪ֮ĩٻ֮ʣѰϣ
ڤ׵ףΪǰڤ˽٣ƽ٣
ۺҲǴĽѣʿΪ棿ıԼˣıˡѵˣı˵ˣıˣС㣬δƿϣ
С㣬˵Ĳ
һλףԭһ߳һĺߡ
ڤͷžף
׿λ䣬ѾﲻˣƳһԱߵĹףȻڤʩ൱Ҽ֤ҵʢʱʱ̫ڤˣһ֮ڵĵطʮ˲ԶŴӪΪԶŴ֮УΨһһλڵ磬׵ԶŴ񣬵֮ЩԶŴȴʼڤˣǲϧĪеڿ࣬ʹ˵ʵزݡڤĻ̹Ӫʮ˲˭Ҳ벻ɳѹԶŷһδδսǾһδδսϴǵøǿ󣬸Žᣬһڤ֮һж˸ı䣬ôԪûƿصȨһɢɳ


2298 ׵ѹ
ꡢ̾˵꣬ͣȴǿ֮ϣС㣬㲻ڤˣĳϣСܴңҵϣɹ٣
ҲʩС㲻ڵʱڲҲڲģС㲻ƿشȨ繥ǵҲջȡ
ߣ
ףǿȨַ˵֮ʣϷվڤһԵͻȻߵǡĪڹС㲻ɣ
ĸ뷨
סһͬ
һλ߳С㣬λǴյԸСƴȨǶСвĵطСĪҪ֣
ǶǴһӡ֪Ҫ֮£ȴʲôλ⣬һβȵ

һΣȴõڤĺȳ⣬˺һٶ˵һ֡
֪ʲô˼ڤֿʮס
һ߳סԱߣڤ񣺡С㣬ڤ֮֮ǵǱȽŽģʱһЩڤսǰڰԨ֮ȵȾͷڣԪҲԿǺЩͷһ䣬ǵĵգ˱仯һЩǿ˽½취򣬵ÿһиڶ֣ҵѾ˱Ԫϴʣ֮׹ʮ˲֮ܵѹԶʮ֮һҲԴﵽȥ޷ı״Ļǵֻвϳȥ
ǵ˼뼸λһϣСƴȨʮ˲г񣬰ѵһ˵Լ
׷׷׷ԣǾȻվڲͬӪ
þ֮ڤʣƴȨָ֮Щʲô
仰ƺڤ׵򷲽硢ɽ硢緢Ƿɽ磬Ҫͨս죬ûдı罫֮л𣬲ǳ֣ΪǴػĽ
ûд졭ɽ硢硢˶޷ֵٰɣ
ֻҪ죬絽ʱķ棬һɽ֮ʱգ޽֮أͨش󣬰ѵ֮ɽ޽֮ϣһ޴Ȼ󷲽硢ɽ綼ǵ磬һȶԿ٣ֻٵ
С㣬һ㵽ʱǽ޷ɽ֮϶Կ٣Ҳɽ٣ɽȥģǾܱס뷲磬ɽҲ޷Կ٣÷Կ٣ǵҪ磬ġԿٵգ硢ɽ硢綼ʧֻʣǵǿС£һոµĵ磬ʱֻǵĴڣûз硢ɽ硢磬һոµӭµ֮УΨǵصף
𣿡
ż׵еļƻ뷨ڤ֮ͫѷ֮ɫ
ƺ벻ǣȻ˼ƻ
Կ٣ϧ硢ɽ硢磬Уʧ
Ѿǵսǲ̵Ĵɱɱ޹ɽ뷲磬ԭ硢ɽǸܵ籣ġ
׼ڤһֱĬɲ׵С㣬ЩףԪݣоԶԤԣŷԪĩڣսʱڣʱ磬µʱǾǳԽ硢ɽףʱǾڤˣһͳµĺԸ
ڤͫ⻺תʵǵǿߣΪ̫ڤŮ
ֵǵĵ飬Щ޴֮ԹϵΪȻķ棬ѷ硢ɽĹһһԼɽ֮޽գ벻ʵ֮УһæѾǰʵķ㣬ֻҪƴ죬Ŵ飬ʱγɸķ棬һôɽ֮գ᳹ױ񣬵ʱе󣬶޷ͨ㣬ֻл𣬶ǽ
һ׵С㣬õĻᣡ
ڤֻһ⣺ҲӦ֪٣ӦñǸΪ񣬻Ʒ棬ɽ֮еգһ粻ȡ𣿡
һΪףվڤ͵ܺýͣС㣬Ѿ񣬶ѰвܶԪıڴ֮ʣ͵͵ǱɽԼ磬֮ǰƷԼɽ磬һǾͿ԰ѷ硢ɽ磬һµ磬ͽͣΪ÷޽֮صտռ䣬һɣ͵͵Ǳɽ硢磬ʣһ˵磬Կ٣
Ĭһ֮ڤ׵ƺͺ
С㣡
׹һ࣬ɫأѾڿʼжȶȡɽ硢磬뵽ģҲ뵽Ľʱգҵպʱյľͷȳܴ֮˵ɽλ룬пܶٵʱգСƿشȨȻ£硢ɽ磬ռ磬ȻǿߣӦϹ磬ƻ죡
СƴȨ
ʱ˿̣סǧͷȻͬʱڤ
⼸ǿҪڤϵ״λһףһͷԸڤҲòΪ˶˼
ڣûУһҵ硢ɽԼ磬ж޹˶ܵǣʱĽĽ綼˶ҡ飬޲磬Ҫʱ䣿
˻һڤԵʮΡ
·ͷֿʼнڤֵԼҲ˵ԶŴѾ÷棬ɽͨǴܹ𣿡
׵СģԼһЩԶŴźѾõһԴرԶŴڱǿԽģ
ԸСö⣡
λ
ڤټѾ֮ʣԭͻȻ߳ڤһףСų˯ѣҪܳʱ£СӦҲҪһļƻȸСһʱ䣡
𡭡
ƺȫ벻ԭۻվΪڤ˵
ЩףԼͷд̫ڤ˵ǿߣ׷ܵⷬӰ죬ʼ侲
СúϢ£
ҲòҸ̨׸˫£ǧǿߣ뿪񹬴ԭڤ֮Ҳ뿪˴ֻʣڤһڱ֮ϣþóĬ֮С
֣С㻹ԥҲԥӦ֮ϵͬʱǱڷ硢ɽʼжΪӭҴ׼
뵽һȥˣСϾһŮӣǵܿһСŮӣˣ
֮⣬סһգһ̸Ц


2299 ͻư˽λԪʼ
С㡭Ҫˣ
֮Уڤſϣͫ⣬ΰοڤȻԵù¶ʹ
ЩǰҵˣǸ׵Ů𣿡
ʱǶǰٰǻԸǾмӣκεķּǶ˳ǸλƿصȨֱΪʲôң֮ڶͷȨƣʵڰвٿأ
ԪһδνһѣֻһĿ꣬ƴȨ֪ΪηҪҵλ𣿡
С㡭
һֱοڤһȻ޷ڤеĵӡ
ڤ·ЩߣͰŽ緢սɵÿˣǵĵǲţϾսС£ǹغĴ£ڵҲ˶սЩֻһ𣬶ǵף޷磬ﵽҪĿģֻҪ˵õȨλܺҾǷˣ
길ʱû˿Ҽ̳λ˼ʱҲδָߣ롭Ҳǲȥõõʮ˲Ծ뽨һڵʿ԰ǰ磬һ֣ϵսļ̳ߣܵͷɱΣãǱãڵȨЩͷƿأʱǽȨΪΪǷҪҵȨԭΪңҳΪǿƵȨӣһܶѣ
һλǿ϶뾡취ңʱǻͨҵȨΥΥ飬һڤǵˣԸףЩΪȱ
С㣬벻ЩͷˣһֱΪС㣬ҪСصСķ
ΪЩѡһֱǺڰڤ֮Ϊиػҡ
ڤȻɫһϣӹſڣδȷϣκξغδϣʮһգ׳ɳԶŵ״ֻ̬ʮٲǵϣ
֪֮䣬֮ͫУӳһ۲ﶯƮϢķӰߡ
磬һ½֮С
һǧָƣּһǧʱǧ꣬Ҷһڴﵽ߽λԪʼ۷塣
ӿ
ಣ
Ҷȼӿӡٶȣʱȫӿн֮УһŰӿԪʼᣬʱգ˽𵤣طһ˿
ͣ
ʼںԪӤҶһͬԪԾ˵ٶȲС
һȣֵܸղ˵ǸϢ𣿡
ڼȫڰ˿ԴҶȣͻȻӦɹԪʼ񣬶ǶԻҲһ
ȻģϢδһڡ̫š񶴡ħŵǿ߶ȥʱա
ʱҲ֪γɵģǵطȫԶ޵ʬǣ̫Σˣһֱǽأֵط챦
һƭ㣿ǰǡþ󣬾ʱգ˶ˣһµâʱս֮⣬ȻִʱʧâϢʮִԶЩ긴գһױȵķھѣںܶǿ߶ܸȥѰ
˲³Ǻεȵķ
âϢ˿ɸӦпܣǴﵽ۷壬ǳԽԶֵܰϢɲ㴫ȥǲʱգ͹ȥҲԣȰ㻹ǲҪȥΪǰȥᱦԪʼֻķݣ
ҿ԰Ϣ̻ᰡ룬ϢֵΣ
룡
ԪʼҶȸӦ֮УٶȶȻӿ죬ԶƬɭֶȥ
ﵽµķ
ҶͻȻҲ¶Ŀ⣬Ҫ֪ﵽѾǲ˼ģµȾ䡢ֻ֮šǵȴڵ
һӵУʵֻһأ
Ҫʵʱ֮ϵõȻȥ׷ɱĪа񣬵õһ콣Ӷ졣
ʱգ
ȡһŹͼвѰȻھʱսԶһʱգҵʱյꡣ
ϧʱջʮİʱղ˽⣬Ǵ֮ǰ˶Իóʱһޱյĵط
̫ˣֵطǿʵֿѰþرһáҶȻӿ죬·Ԥĳһ죬һĻ
ᣡ
ֻ˫ֺʮ˲䣬Ҷڳް㱩âԪӶҡ״̬Ϊһʵʰ̵Դ
ڰ˿Դ
˽λԪʼ񣬳ΪҶһǰһ󲽡
֮̾鱬Ϥʹ࣬ʹʹݣһδζɽ٣һδͻƣȻҪظ޷ݵʹࡣ
ϧͽλҲֻ̤˽λԪʼ񣬲Ҳ㼰ʱʱһ֮أʵһҲаյõԼҪ
ʼΪ׼Դ⣬ǳԪ֮⣬ΪҪ
ֻʣһųվͷʬ壬ãһﵽλΪĴܣһϣﵽ˽λԪʼ۷ҲǶ⣬ټʱյõһͻƾŽλԪʼѲ⡣
꣬ŽҶ߶ɷճվͷԼʯȵͨƵĸ߼񵤣ܾ֮첹ıȫʼ
벻֮Խʵˡ
ͻƣ֮ʼ췭ظı仯ȾʣҶĿһӱ֮УɴӰ
ˣ׳һǰҲ𽥳һף˲֪ǰǿ
֣ͻȻ˴ɱ䣬ĪйأҴδй˵ΪλΪߣ˵Ӱ
ӵڵﵮҶȾһֱ֣ԽоһжżȻ·˵ĳ֣һֱȻԡ
ϴ֮кܴæ໨Ŵ۶ûüʣһصĴ˾ܼĻһжӭ⣡
飬ͬʱӤҲڰ˵ϵȫաӤٶȣ񣬵⻹ҪﵽҶȲĸ߶ȣǽӽߣѪӲ٣ﵽ֮
֮ʣǽǧȥ
ˣڻδﵽ˽λԪʼ״̬ٵʱ䣬һ̤ʱջȡ
һâʧҶУӶ𣬴߶ǧͼȥ
ٶΪͻƣٶһԭڵʱҪֻ꣬ҪͲˡ
ˮ򡢴½졢ա
մޱȼįģڰֻбµĸȻҶΪҲɴ⡣
ˣʱա
ԱһͼϴһգڴٶȣĽλҲ˵Ҳֻλڿٶ棬ѹ
ˡ
ۿʱսǰ֪ԺͻȻӿһ龻֡


2300 ʱգԪ
龻һγףȻǰʱӵҶϢ
ʩչӡӻ龻֮иӦǹϢͬʱҶ벻ǣͻȻһ
Ԫ
ǰѲ׽֮еϢͬʱҲϢȻǻ龻֡
־ϲһƺ̫ͻȻں֮£Ҫıͻأǰ
âǴԪ֪ԭͷŶ
һѪڲӿڣԪǰʱգٴںƬĻԪӾˣϴξôԪնɱͷ
ಣ
ǧͼڻǳâҶƿնȥʽ̤ʱգһ̫ʱƵϢϴŨʱҲǷǳϵĴڣϱ֮ԽԽԣƺһϹս
Ƿȴû̫ʱǰ㾪ˣˮ֮Ҳӡ֯ʱʱ̸̿ӦǿˮԼһЩ֮еĺϢʱԼһЩˮ汩ߣѰ

ʱ˸ͽλԾٶȣʱգֱӷʱδϸͷŸӦ֪̽ΧĶ
ǸӦǵʱѱҶȸӦߣ߶߸󷽡
֮ƺҪӽʱյ롣
ǿٶһ󺺷ĵͳ֮ȻвٻϢǰӿ֣λΪʵֻͨ˶˵лᣬǵҪᱦ
ڻ˵Ǻεȱ½ֵ˼ҪŽᣬϾûһǸ߽λ񣬶һλλ֮䣬˵ᱦǽʱսؿռ䣬ҲΣգ
ȻˣǾͲܰһˣ

һٴǰȥٶԼʱճηΪҲɴ⡣
˺󷽣ֹ˰죬ǰһƬɫռ䡣
ǽǿռ䣬̫ʱֹϴڵȻʱգɹʡɣʱһϵʱսء
ɫ磬ҶȸоƺشϹսԼ̫ʱںϵĸʱգȻԼ֧ˮʶѱڣоŽԼˮ֮УǸʯ½Ƭ
ͬʱܵʱոϢų⣬ҶȵûʲôоԣκθգǰǿٶȡϢһ࣬ｻ֣Ҷֻռ޷еơ
ӦһԶս򲻻γŻ״̬
ʲϵس֣ԼһЩռϢ
䡭
ǰͻȻһˣŴը
Ҷȼӿٶһ߿ոǰֻǿ߸ոսһƬȻγɵ߿ʱȻתһĹ䲻͵Ϯ֣Ǵ֮УһѪܵǿߡ
ּæչӪȣΧͷϧͷ˻֮Уʵûа취ֻǱ뿪
Ƭ𡭡ôӵ˿˿Ϣ
ϢƿնҶռǰƬմԼʮӦӴռƬ̣оȻӦһڡ
̫ˣȻγɣƺǿͷŹͨγɵĴڣͷлϵһֱ棬һ󶼻־𣬵˵ǿߵĻ
ߣͬ
ɲǼ䣬ӤнϷܵҶȽӡ֮ӿâ
ͣ
ҶȻ仯ΪһƬӰ״̬ȻȻȻռӴƬ̾ںϣҶȾһƬ״̬ռ
ҪɱңҪɱ
һȾš˻
òץס㣬ôŹ㣿͸óΪǺʳ޴࣬ʱֻ·һ
һ˲𣬽žһҽУѪʱڸ߿ȼ
ҶѪǰһԣںɫͷ­ҧ飬Ȼ
ԭԣ뵱ֵͬһͷ򵥣֪ΪܳʱӦȻռ䣬ھȻһɺŨҵ
Ӧ֮󣬶ԵһУҶȶ˫ֳͫһϲԭһͷϵټ޼ˮϵΪͷȴӵлϵֲУƬ𣬼пԶǿУɱΪ
ˣˣ
ͷȻܷŹҶʵֻߣΪҲڻܴﵽ˾ǲס
ɱˣ̫ϧˡ
һ뵽˴ннߵķӵлˮ֮պÿԽԣнںϣΪнĽꡣ
һɹнͿԳΪһףӵĿ·
ᣡ
˵ǳʱ߶ָ֮һץ˳ΧȻΪָӡ
˭͵Ϯ
ʬȥ֪Χָӡɱǽǧ׳ͷڰڶռΪ֮ս
¡
ǿߣ쳣Żɨָӡ֮ϣָӡ顣
ѽͷԵʵ´ﵽ˵λ߶ȣƬʱգѾΪԶԸ
ָӡ鲻٣Ҷȫﵽ˽λԪʼ۷壬߶СһֻؿռУʱסԡ
ǡ
ŵһȻ޴գ۾ʹӻ߿ʧ
ռ֮Ȼա
꣡
ոռԣһ֮ռ֮УԾŵؿΧ벻ͨԷʩչεͨȻܽƾյĿռ֮С
žž
ƴӺͻȻ١

תﶯצ¡һ˺ƿռ䣬Ҷȵľơ

һˣһԵڰ濹⣬ռײɲǣ׷飬Ҷͬʱ˺һ
࣬ࣿΪӵǿڿԸͫ㵡
Ҳǿ󣬲Ҫѹ
߶ʱҶȵƤΪɫ
һྐྵȻӵֲ˿£ԭӵĺãҪɻΪԱǼ֣
ɱβɨҶȣͬʱβȼճµͬʱſһ裬ƣһһƱװĿ
С
ͷβͬʱҶȷ·Ϊ˼ֻǸֹɱʱȴҶǰ׷ֵʧ
̣ҵȭͷ
ִ߶֮ұ۾ȻΪ״̬һصľâߴȻһȭβ
ͣ
һȭҶǿʵں߽ϵ̣һȭȥԺƤ
˻ƣ
ûչѹԵĹζ벻ǰ࣬ƿ󶼾µĵ
߳߳
žžž
˻һƽһƣ£չϢΧΧһÿһƶĵʹҲʴ
ǵħͷħͷ
Լʹǿ󣬿ϧûпռƣûпƵͨȴҶȵƣչֳѾ;ĩ·״̬


2301 Զʬ
ħǵħ
һʹ飬Ҷûа취Ҫ֪񰡣Ȼòһϡ
ҶȿɲᣬײУһзᣬȻҶһ·
龻֡ѹ
һ޵֣֮ʣͻȻסǿͨӳ˼֮κơ֮龻
䣡
ʱ̣ѾûмָһһȦâɳһͰѾ޴С
ѹ
죬Ҷһռ䣬ҴһӤ֮ѴƬڣֱӤںн֮У˹ϵĻϵȻӤܴô
ԼʱŰн֮УͷߣΧʱûʿȻǰȥ
ͬʱֳһ֮С
űȥ໡
ӡգһӡԷӡһôΪǾƵ硣
ҶͶӰֶĮȻЦͲ˷ˣɱëһˣ
㣡㣡㣡
֮ȻһŭɶģδԴ˲־壬Ǻ֮еǿߣ׵ͷ
ʵɱ࣬Ҳԣҿɲ㣬˸ãҿ԰ʬȫʣһһӵͷΪ£
ħǶħƻɵ࣡
ҲϻϢԼΪӦʱմںܶˣǸҹʱյıҿʱɱ㣬㹩ΣҪףⲻǸѡ񣡡
ҪҹԿҲ׽ڽˡ
Ҷ֪ԷеȴκλᣬǿƺȵĻȻǹû취ֻܰɱˣٰ㹩
ߣʱԶŴսһսͬǣ⴦սԼˮ޵ս
ûμӣ
ݺֻ꣬޵ʬ壬δʬ壡
ʱб㲻᲻֪
Ȼ֪Ǽһֱսʱǽ֮Уô꣬ûκࡢܽУһأû֪ʲôڣбҲ֪滹оǱ⣿ҿˣұѹи̣Ҳ̣һغȰòҪȥǱ⣡
ô꣬û֪𣿡
Ц˭˭ҿԸһʵߵܣҸĻҪɣ
Ǹ̸
ʱҶɱҪһ㣬û㣬˵࣬Ϊı䣬ɣ׸㣿ǺǣӦҲҪɱ㣡
Ƿݵ⣬ʧ
ҡͷúãҸ㣬Ҹ㣬Զǿߵʬ壬͵͵Ǳ뿿չһЩ֮ǰеռ䣬ǿǰģӵǵõǵɲˣôϢ˵Ϣɣ
ô궼δãҶȹȻ¶ǿҵĺĿ⡣
ͷǴﵽ߽λĴڣÿһޱȣǴﵽλÿһ磬ԪͻƣȻͷʬδãһֱ֮У
˵ҲмֵԪʦɣΪϣҲ־ˣλκ֮УǳϵĴڣôλ񣬼޵еĴڣ
Ҷ룬ʣʱյЩգ
ʵӦȾʬҲʬǣı仯еıаɣΪûʶʬ⣬Ǻܼ̣ΪǰǺĴڣ޷ݻ٣ξǴĺǾ޵Ĳ඼ҲΣյĵطǽ֮УһͷµħޣǸ߽λ񶼿նɱû֪ĴڣΪǼģûһܻų
ʵͲ˷ѸྫҴһںϣΪ񽣵Ľ꣬Σ
㣬㻹Ҫɱң
Ϊ꣬Զţа㽫ΪǿķԼУܴﵽǸ߶𣿳ᱻնɱǱͬɱңŻῪʼı䣬ҵķнɣֻ̺ĳúøӦӦָһѡĸԸΪ꣬ҲĨʶԼ㲻ԸĻֻýں㣬㣡
ѡ񣬶˵
Էŭ
ϧ޷ӡ֮֮ʣ108ͻȻӿ͸ŷâƯΧ
ͬʱͶӰҶںϣǰ翪ʼʱյ롣
ˡ
Ӧ֮ҶԷִԪϢ͸رŨң·ܵƬѹȣûԪϢܵơ
ҲãԪϢ̫࣬ͱ˷֣
ôԪʼʬ壿
̤Ŀռ䣬ҶȾͱһ߾ʬȫڷ֮УԼжʮߡ
һͷ˺ҧʬ塣
ϢǰָӦʮϢֲǰս֮УﷶΧ֮ڡ
ôһʬǡ
ͻȻ֮Уͻһ߹ĹǼܡ
Ǽ֮һ࣬ϧѾãʣ°׹ǣ׹ںϴֹѾʯ
ϧͷѾãȻҶȻһԽͷڲԶַһ߰׹ǣ֮ǰǰ׹ǹɱһͬޣ䣬ЩʬͷŲԣȥԪʼµ˵Ǿòϡ
ٲǰ룬ʬԽԽ֮࣬ҲŪ࣬ҶսʱйﻹЩӦ
ӰӰ
ͻȻǰĺ
ǰǱӹգǺ󷽣Ȼһͷڰշеİ׹ǹ
⿴˵ʬ
׹ǹǰӦþǷޣſǾ޴İ׹ǳȫħ˸ն˫ͫҲѪħ⡣
ҶȿɹܲЩǰԪϢԽԽŨҡ
ĺ
ûãҶֶԸһͷǴ̵ĺֻʮɶ޴󣬿ʵǿ󣬼Ľλ£ԸͷΪһλλ֮䡣
ǱסˣһʱҲ޷鿪
һиĺΧ
ಣ
Ԧ߼ǰ;ּʬ壬Լʬеʬﵽλ߶ȣʵǿޱȣЩʬҲȱ㣬Ӧ˶ٶȻȵȡ

սʱգĸҲշУҶĿ·Ǹ߸¡ĸԭ棬ĺʯڷ档
꣬·ʬĵطͨӦ֮󣬹Ȼܵԭ֮͸


2302 
Ҳ
ƯڰͨͷŸӦҶȷʬλá
ȵǣʬƺһţʵ޷ͣǿɱӦһһڲͬλãʬţôһ£
ͬΪ¯
ĬһҶȿʼϢͷʱϵϢ˳ֳһ״
ˡ
Ӵʱ΢΢һȻҶȾײ͸㣬ȥͳ͸״Կ״͸㣬Զر
һ棬ҶȾ˷Ƭ쳣̣ϧս֮лΪƬ
ô֮УҲһ˿˿
ʮϢۿҶȾҪʬڵ棬ȴ·оһЩʻǿ͸ŸǿҵԽʬ̺Խǿʢ
ֱҶǰһɫķ㣬ûκѷ죬Ǵϸϸ鿴ҶȷЩƷǰͨ棬ʬͷŶ֮Уմ󣬲ΪһΪ档
յʮּ̣ʬױУҲ˵Ҫʬռ䣬档
мԼǿ·Χͷų
ͷɷ򣬼֮ʼշӶ룬Ӧ֮УΧЩϢͷŶԺԼϵ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ뵽͵͵ûн룬
뼸ͻȻƷһδȫںϵͨ棬ҷ֮лһ󶴡

ͷŸӦͷִ͸һɿµĺϢˣĺҲһۣ
𽥻ΪӰں£Ҷ˳Ϊ͸״Ŵڱǰ
ԼҶǰͳһƬӲӵâһһεǹԼԪ
ڿռ֮⣬ſһͷһ׵ĺԼʮɶ೤ԶԶȥһͷβоɱ˷β뻹Ҫ£ʱʱҡڣоʱᷢ
ﵽλĺʵԲ࣬ӦûǰڡȻˣҿɲ飡
ͷȫΧΪһ壬Ҷȿʼ޵ؿܿϷ
ȥֻſ죬һһչٶȺ֪˶꣬ն̺԰ٷ֮һ֮ͨͬ
֮κ޶ǵӿɱ䡣
ʥǹ
ӡ֮ҶȻͷϷٿȻһâ˳˫ۣ˫սոֳĹʥǹشȥ
͡͡
Ҷã̵ͨʥǹ̴ͷ­Ƥ¶ѪܵǹС

ʹţʼѾҶѽĽλƣݺѹ
Լʮ֮޲һغ
ͷͣҶȴޣƲһЦޣ
СһȣವһʬǰſСһһ°ʬ壬ʼһա
ʵ̫ˣ޲һ¾ͨѺѪ⡢Ƥ˺飬һֽһС
Χмͷˣƺ޷ʬҲʰǣϽ
˲ռ䣬ԼԪÿռΪһռ䣬ȻȲأҲЩٱ
ǰǧף߱ŵʬȻڽӲӷ֮ϡ
ͷʬͷǽɫһͷںɫǻ첿ԶǿߣϸϸһͷʬЩطǲȱģʬǵβ󲿷ǶʧˣʣµβǴɼ˺ѵĺۼ
ĪǱ˺β
ѵĶ֣ǶôµĴڡ
߻첿ʬҲЩط˺ۣһʬͷаضˡ
ʬ󲿷ֶѸãֻʣ֮һѪ⣬٣Ͼ̣еĵطԿ󱣴
λǰͲˣڿռҪȫգΪ˻رλǰΪĹϣﳤߣ
ҶͻȻ޾⣬ûʬΧռѾǺܾˡ
ɷ򡭡
˺֮Ҷһ׵Ľ磬ʬռ䣬Ȼ߶򵱼տռ䴿ԼԪ
һ̫¯Χ

ʱ䲻ʧ֮󣬿ռ֮ͻȻ㤵ļѾƬռ˱䶯
ϧ޷ΪǺԪʺϺֱգǽ壬һֱѹƵ״̬
ҶȲĺٶͬʱҲںϸ
ȥʼҡֱϣӰ˽λ״̬𽥿״̬ԼȥҶһѾ𽥳״ֱ̬Բ״̬
հꡣ
ҶͻȻֹͣգ̫¯ڣΧռ䣬һ룬ȥͿɱɲ뼸ͷǿ֣ҪΪʬ޽Ĺ

ͷҶ˿ʼ³ֽ°֮Զŵصʼ᲻Ƶʯ㣬Ȼ̧ͷӡ֮͵һץ
ͻͻͻ
Ϸ㾹Ȼʼѿ𽥴ﵽ׿
ԪʼʵĿ£ܵѹȵ磬̶ֳȡ
ʱʬʼͬʱҶɷС·ռ֮С
ʯ㣬ͬʱʬҲʯ֮ϣҶգִ֮Ӵʯʯںϵʯ㣬ȻγһӨıݣ𽥴ʬΧΧ£ԲΣֱݳ׽ʵʬ֮Ҷһӡ
ӡ뾧Өںϣһ֮ĹˣϧͷֻһĹ
¡¡
ͬʱΪϷռʧɶķ㾹ȻʼʵҲҶȶ֣⴦Ĺ᳹ױڷһ̣ͷĺҲŵüæ뿪㡣
ʮҶϢ棬ǰȥ
ʱ֮ǰʱ֮УžϢ̹ǡ
ͷŸӦãҶϳ󼤶ԪϢԽԽŨˣ
ء
ͷͻȻ
߳߳
ǰͻȻһƬ׵磬׵ѷض˺ѣȻɱˣһɱ
Щ񼸺λĽλ񡭡
ЩǿȻΪԪδȴ໥ɱͷ˭Ҳõ
Ҷֻƹȥɲ뱻УԽս֮ҶȾͼǰֹĻҰʱա
ʱյ룬ҲǴԪڵλá
ಡ
ո׷ҸϣͷĽλѾҶԶԸĴڡ
ء
ͻȻ䣬ͷϵͻȻ˶
ҶӦΧûʲôףСһֱǳʷ״̬ѵӦĳЩҶ޷ӦĴڣ


2303 еħͫ
޸ӦҶ֮ϵģÿ޷ܻӦ
ء
ʱƺǸӦʲôǴһиС
ĪйصϢʣ
ϧ޷˵ͶҲصԣֻͨᣬҶ治֪޸Ӧʲô
ǰΧвǿϢ֣ƬʱȷӣʿֹֻͣɣٶȡӦ涼ܵӰ죬ЩµʬȴΧײеӿ֣ҶĻ޷ʱա
ΧǿɱսΨҶϢʬ룬߶̫һ֮󣬿ԿΧ߻Աơ
֪ʬڷ֮Уֱ޵ķĹҲвٵޣϧѸá
ء
ҶȸоԼһûκͬڤ֮־޴ڵ磬ʱѿռλҲ޷շС
ҶȸӦԪϢʱͷͻȻһ
νһβһȻ޸Ӧв˵ǰΧʲôµĴڡ
ԪǰԶˣżѣԪϢȻǿңѵֻһƬ
ͷߡߣһᣬҶȻȻǰ
벻
ͻأ䣬Χһ˻ƵЦ
·״̬»Ҷӵߣͳӵ
ǿߣ
ҶһëʼâΪֻͨͨ벻ʱգԷҪΪˣҲһص
ಡ
֮һƷҲٶȻǺܾˣҲﵽ߶ȣҶȰĿͶȥһһ
ûбҪȥΣյĵط
˴ӺڰĿռԭһˣһ͸żţŴݲȵЦݣһͷ˫΢΢ﶯΧδ˿ɼΪﵽܾ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ҶȾΧδǿߣӺˣΪ´ﵽλ񡭡
λ񣬾̫ŶǳϵĴڣ˱Ȼͷ
ΪŪԷʵҶڰͷŻ龻֣ӦϢͻȻһˣ̺һʱϢݵϢڵĳϡ
ھʱղ̫ңԶʲôӦûһʱգλ˾ľͷ
˼ҶмԥͻȻ̯ģһ˸ʬ˲֣֮ɲնɱģոշֵģΪҲĽλҲһ
˻ν⣿
ｻֵĻ󶯾һɿµҲ޷⣬˼ܼ򵥣ҸѰҸԵı˭Ե˭ǽֵĻ³һ
⣡
Ҷȵͷ
ʹ죡
˻һʬʧġ
ϧʬ屻ҶõӰ˽λͻƾŽλԪʼͲ⣬ʬ壬Ҳ;
˱ȭ֮ҲཥȥȻռ䣬ҶȾһԶƾ̣ܶ⴦ʱգȴǺܳ룬ʱңԶ
־£ҶȻǺˣ͵ϮԷǲܵġ
ڡ˴ӳֵ뿪ϢҲ࣬ѵӵһžϢͨ
ڣҶƺһЩҲǰУʱһЩܱԷȡ鱨
֮ǰӦвӦòˣΪ޵Сڶ΢΢ﶯ״̬
ʬ壬Ѫʬ壡
ǰףͨĹߣһЩ޴ʬ¶˳ԶһǿʬվڷϻΧʬ룬һͷʬ壬סҶȵ
Ϊͷ޵ʬ壬üʬ޷ȣΧǴʬǶѻպñʬ岻ˡ
Զͷɸߵʬ·ҶȴڣаħһͶϧʲôû֡
ҶѾһ߾ʬǣһѪϷޣҶȼ¶ЦݣΪһͷޣΪλӦλ߽λ֮䣬ΪΪܰѪⱣ
ޣ
˿ΧʬߣΧռƽᱻƻ𶯾Ȼʬֻһ취
ʱȻ޷⣬ֻǶ٣Ҷͬʱһǰһסޣ߶ͨʼѪ⡣
ѪԼرһʱյĺˣҶͻȻƬʬǶ֮Уʱ¶ı顣
֮ǰΪһ֪һԪʼ񣬴Ҳ֪ﵮĹ̥˽λԪʼȻ涼뱾¡
˴żɱ⣬Ƭ޹ǼܣϧһΪ̫ǵлᣬնɱرڣ
Цһ󣬺˼СǰǰʱռͬҹΪ߿ȫƯ棬ڵ·ΪֲͬĴڡ
Լ
Խʮʬǣ·ս룬ʬǣԼ
ռӸӣ޷Уֻͽǰ
ʱ˿̣Ҳԥﴦ͸Źɫʣʱյʷ֮ãδҳܡ
Σ֮أȻдв߽λκһ߽λ񣬶ޱǿĴڣǼǣѵҲ޷ƽʱյܣ
Ϊһͷͷ棬ҲǰǿҰȫ뿪ֻΪֳǼˡ
Ұοһ˼ǰ
ৡ
ǧķϿգѰΧÿһ棬ͻȻ䣬ΧռͻȻһϯ֮
ͻȻȥҲͻأץץһ񵶣˷ûмκʬǹ
ŵͷһ麹ҡҡͷԳһЦ
ৣৡ
ոշΧǹϯ֮
֨֨
ʱɫ·ס仯־ŵؿΧΪȷǶΪŶֵĻþʵʵڵġ
Զܷ֣ĺ󷽣ʲôûеİգȻһ˫ħͫ΢΢֣Ȼֹʧ
ϢӰ٣
λʦָһϣ̫ˡ
κ֮󣬺ڲزΪһλͷȻҲʱ̣һƼæעһ
ৡ
˲䣬ϯ֮ͻȻʮ֮ⱬ
˭
ֱһӣǴſ·âͻȻ𣬿ϧΧʲôûУѵ˲ɣ
֪ͷһ˫ħֳָͫ˸Ĳ̹ͻȻ䣬ħֻ֣ͫʮָͬӥצһֲϿˣȻûб֡
һλ
ž
ֻͻȻݺݵץͷ­ں˺޷Ӧ£ֻ͵ץһѺͷ­ץ飬ʣһʼ֮ͨһԵڵϣһ
һֻץסʬ壬Ȼռ䲻ˡ


2304 ħ
һλ񣬾ֽĻ
˫ħͫʬռ䣬ΧʲôҲûʣ£֪ħͫȥ˺δִӺδ
󷽽Զ޹Ǽܶ²㡣
ǰҶ޲Ѫ⣬һ˿һ˿һһ顣
ˡ
գ۰ȥ
Ϊյ֮ǰյһȻﵽ˽λԪʼ۷壬Ҷʱʱ̶̿ԿʼͻƾŽλԪʼ񣬶ޣɳԽҶ֮Ѫ⣬ȻʵҲ
ڴʱߵҶ
ˣǵȥѰ̫Σգ
ʱ䣬ǶȡԪΪĿģҶȴ޷ɳʬǲ㣬ʣһ߽Ǽܵĵʬ·
֮Ҷڷһʯ֮¡
ಡ
󷽰գؿһ˴磬ҶȾȷҲڵľͷ
ƱҪõʱбԪ˭ҲòֻҶȣ
ͷõԪѶˣ뵽֮ǰˣͦơҶ׶ԷôֻһֶΣºõػʩչɱ֡
Ҷһλͷ⻷ͷҶѾûǿĿܡ
ٶҲԽԽһͻȻڣʦ֣ղŵõʦΪͻȻ޷ӦʦϢ
Ŀǰʱմ̫ˣڵʷټԪδ˽ʱգ㿴Χǿѹٶֻܴﵽ񣬸ҲܵӰ죬֪ʲôʦҲʱգֻҪϿȡϵ
ҲƳӦͶ㶼ʾͷӵе֮󣬿ڣλߡ
ԭǺ˵֧ԮĪԶԸĴڣ
˶ԻҶҲɻŶ˷ɹȥ֮ϴ߶߸ں󷽣ּ׾롣
Խʬ֮ǿٶһ˵ʦϢͻȻŨִͻȻʧ
һͷʵʦ֣Ϊʵ֮ϣʦܷ˺£
ڻ˵ʦͻȻʧ˵״ϵʧӦþڸ
ã
ͷͬʱóһƣ߶ӡעС
ء
󷽣ڰеҶȣһһɼͷͻȻֽһ
ްҪһޣͿҹͨԻ
ַʲôҶֻܸżһֱ޷޽ＸΨһֱûп˵ʶ޷н
ţղͷϷƺһһħ⣡
䣬ҶѰӦвʱͻȻͷϷһħ
ħһţʵڹޱȡ
ѵовǵħ⣿
ķ·ħʧ˲䣬Ҷ޷԰ε֮Уħλǰֶȴûбͷ֡
ৡ
䣬ͻȻͷԼҶ֮伸ŵķգһϯ֮
ͷԼҶȶѰԴҶӵһžλãͷŸӦ֮󣬷ƬʲôûС
̫ˣ
ˡ
һϸ΢֮ͻȻҶȻͷһħ⣬ħͻأʧڿռ֮С
ʲô⣿
Ҷȼæ߶ӦħʧĿռӦȥûκη֡
䡭
ͬʱոҶȸӦϯ֮ʣһͷͻȻеһ𣬴һħ֣ħ־ھͷ޷Ӧ֮£ץͷţǿŻץģȻֹûռ䣬ʧ
һжһ䷢
һͷħʧһ̲Ӧͷâħ֣ħٶȳâ̫࣬ʧռ֮âΧʮ׿ռ䣬ϧ֮ļħ֣ʲôûʣ¡
ҶȣѾĿɿڴ
ǰһڲ²ħʲôҲֻа꣬Ҳֻʲôħδһ
ʵֲ̫ˣ˲һץϢ֮䣬һλͷնɱһͷ£ȫûܵ
ӹֵ뿪һѣҳռԿռûκβ·ǿռγɵĹܿռκ
ȻһͷӵпռĹʵܴﵽ߽λ񡭡ֲʱΣޱȣǸ߽λҲǹ֣
һ󾪺֮Ҷȵп¹ҲܺˣΪԪǰ
ಡ
ʣ˾ͷҶ޷ϵһĻͬ鱻նɱתæߡ
ҶüͷһҲҿһͬԸʵǿܽʵնɱһҲоͻõԪ
뵽ϴ߶ߣͷԼǿĸӦڵĸ߿ա
ৡ
˺֮УҶȸӦУһϯֱ֮ˡ
Ҷǰͬһ㣬մһСĺ󷽣
žž
¾ͷҶһ˲תɷ˵һȭλ֮ͬƣʲôҲûеİա
֪ܵռ䵱ۼȻһһɶߵĹħӰ˫ͫɭɭź¾ͷ
գۼ䣬ҶʮԶİգȭǰҿֶԸͨһЩռӦ԰ǰӦռ䣬ǰնɱ
˲Ϻˣɱĳⷽ澪ǱڰΪǰóǼñնɱ
ǰҲΪǿԺֻɱǲлõɱһжǰ׷ѹ򣡡
СӵǾ
󣬵ƳһҶȣһ˽λԪʼϣֶΡڱǰǴͷȻ鷳һҵõɱɱˣΣңҺγ
أ
ͷͻȻַǶСʼ֮
Ҷһ渧ޣһ涢ĺڰ֪ˣ˵ͷܿ£
ء
֪βͰ˰ڡ
֮Ҷһʱ벻͸ģ˵ǣѵǹϡʲôϢйϵ
أ
һΣ޾Ȼͷˡ
ҶȴӺ벻⣬һͷΪλйϵҡҡͷ𣿿ϧƬռ䣬ռ֮£ֻнӽŴ֣
ͬʱѾǰȺȵС㻹ʱ䷢ãٸӦĺۼ
Ԫ
״̬£ҶںԪټռƿءӦںϣӦΧټĿռ䡣
Ӧ֮еĿռ磬ԶʱͻȻǰһħӰ뿴ģ֪ħӰһҷҶȷֹڿռȥ磬ȫԽ
ҶȼæߺǰǰʮԶˣ
¾ͷ˫ѸչһչͬͻʳȭʱƺɽӸȭ

̫ǿˣҶڲԶѾӦȭһȭȫʵŽλԪʼ񣬻ǿֵһ


2305 ɱħ
¡¡
¾ͷһȭǰ׿ռ˲顣
ʱվʮռ䣬Ҫһȭ顣
군˰ɣ
¾ͷæɣ¶һЩЦݣֻһӣٴγɫΪǰռ֮УʲôûУֱռںϣҲûֹʬ塣
֣֣Ŀռδ̫ˣ󷢲ԶҶҲòţǡڿռ䣬Ϊιﻹܲˣ
ü룬ȻӦٴͷţոͷŶ˴Сģ󷽣
ȭ
ںұ֮󣬺ٴһȭռʱһۿҪںȭͷγʱͻȻһָӿռϢץȭͷ

¾ͷڵľ֣ɱһͷٴͷǿӿȭͷ

ָȭͷײһûκλƣΪԹǷָ˳ƺݺһŤֻһұ˺ʹúֱС
޽
ҶҲԹȥһҪԹ
ݣ
޽ɽ֮ƣӹΧռ̳
䣡
ƺû㣬ָΧһƬռ˲ͬ۵һ㣬Ѵ޽һҷ׷ױը
һĻҶĶˣίʵԦռ䣬·Լ
СӣӰɣӰɣ
ʧȥұ۵ĺˣӲ԰ɫס˿ڼæҶȺ
߾ͺˣҶû˵仰ͬʱǰǹ֣Լǵħͫƺٴ㹥ħ⻺Ҷȼͷޡ
ѵйأ
벻Ҳܷޣ߸պϵһҶץס˽£ӦϢ
֮Ҷ˫ͫǾΪӹڣ͸һ΢ϢϢϢȻһЩƣռٷ֮һ
Ҳ˵ֻһͬϢ
Ҷ񣺡йϵͷԦռʵھˣҲֻ޿ƥУ֮ûϵԼţ
ಣ
ʱ˿̣˭Ҳ뵽ҶȻγ״̬
¾ͷڵȴᣬת󷽷ȥ
ۡ
ֻһ֮շɳף־
Ҷֹûʱ䣬Ϊգ۾Ͳˣգ۾¾ͷ˲䱻ɱ
ȻܸӦһϢӦòҳְɣ
һҶѰߵޣߣҪӦΧռһһ֣ͬʱһݽҡ
ৡ
֪ɱˣʹӰǰռʧ

ʱҶ˫Ŀɴ߽ϣȻֹѾǰʮɲĿռ䡣
أ
ͻȻƺҲ벻ҪҶȳ֣ƺԹһͬŹ﹥ɱѾֻбҶһͷ
Ҷȼæ߶ǧͼƶ֮£Ҷ˲Ƭռ䣬ҴһޣϣԸͷڿռסˮ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ץޡ
Сһȣͷǹײһ𣬽Ҷ˿˫˭Ҳûκ˭˵޿ռﲻ£һ޾ûΣգԲס
žžž
չֳ˵ĿռԼٶȣСȶ֮ʣֺݺݵײڹ֮ϣĹڿռʱ飬⻹ǵһ޽Ҳһδץޡ
ˮ
ԦǧͼҶȣѾһգȻץˮӦʼŲϿ
ͨ幵ͨԷһͨ壬ǵⷢ߶Ԫɱ
أ
ͻȻǰһ
ֻҶǰʲôҲûеĿռ䣬ͻȻץסһֻ֡
͡
ⲻ֪Ҷѵȴɱһץˮ
պڴץ֮ʣڹģҶһˮȻ̴ǵƣҲ˵ұۡ

ҲϼʱӺ󷽺ݺݵײڹڿռ䣬ֻռһ˳һŴֺƤһֵܹĹ˳ռ䣬ȫ͸ħ
һɨҶȾͿܣԭͬʬһҲĹȻʲôа壬𽥸γµħ֣
أ
ͻȻ
Ҷ˳ӽǿħ֣ħֵĲϣȻһɫӣɫɲǣҶȱһ㵣Ϊ뵱Ԫ֮УǺɫһģһ
ֲãΪɫͬĲϢ޲ŴӽʱһֱӦ
һзӿκˣɫӣǺɫӣһǺɫйأɫħйأѵħҲй

ħִȼձ棬·޲ðҶ˺飬͵ɱٶ֮ǰһģҶֻܣٶȫħֶ֡

Һ޼ʱһԳ֣ݺݵײħϣʹħֱ𿪣ħְɱйϣɱȥ
ˮ
ӹһ٣ңΪǰĿռƣħǰȫûƣʵӱȲϣħʵҪٱϡ
һԣץסˮ׼ٴιˮܶ껺̫һҲҶȿԼԦơ

һҶٶȶգһԶʱæ˦ˮ
ͣ
ħаʬʲô˼άӦٴαˮ̹ţΪʬˮħӰ첢Ǻܾˡ
ֻʩչԪһӣƺҲ޷նɱħ֡ˮҶȾͷˣ벻ħ̶ֳȡ
ħֵĿռʵƬռȥ磬߽λ˽λ񣬿֣ܶ仰˵ҶҲǿ֮ĩľأҪһܶԸħֵֻдԪҺûԪϴںϲƬﵽһߴСȻﵽܺ˵ĳ̶ȡ
˾֮Ҷ޴Ȼ߶Ԫؿ޽ֵħ֡
ħҶȣ°𿪣չʮָҶɱоһͷոոʴĶħ
Ԫ
գۼ䣬ħ־ɱˣҶ˫Ƴһâ
䣡
ħ˫ָâԪֳħ˫ֺ飬Ȼ˳ǰŰѹأ飬ʣһֻ˫ȡԼұ۵ħ֡
ħȻûҪ֪޴ҲײҴһըħԴ˲䱻ײ顣
ͻͻͻ
ʣħͷ֮Ȼ빥Ҷȡ
̫⣬а񣡡
ҶȳһŹͷ­ײ飬һħȻҪߣǿħֵаʶҶȼʱ߶̫ס
ʱͬһ㣬аʶ̫֮вëȻĽҶҲʩչ龻֣һͬаʶֲ̫ˣҺй֮һ޷ѹ
䡭
аϱħֵҡҡλһᣬ£ڷ֮УһֱϷطȥƺֹħֻһ㡣
֨֨
̫֮ǣһڰаΪǣױɹ
ʱ˿̣Ҷɿ̫ģĨĨͷˮʱоδй泩ӿ


2306 ŽλԪʼ
ء
ҶϢϢ޾ħʬ֮ϣϵؽ˼
֪Ҫħֲϵĺɫӡ
ҶһͷŸӦĻħ޳֣ԼڰеΣգһǰһħʬ塣
ħȻʬڻкۺֻǶаҶ˵Щζ
Ҷȵͷ޼һҧںɫϣһھȥްѺɫӵʳ

ħʬ˲䱻ҶץУ˲Ϣʬ֮УҲоһЩϢͬѾ֮С
ַ֣ܿްǺɫȡߣħǷͬϢڲϵɢԸӦ
ϢʧǺɫ뿪йϵѵħӵеϢԴУǱӺɫͷŶħӵкɫӣӵͬϢԼ޵Ŀռ
Ӧ֮УҶͻȻ¶ɫƺһŪɻ֮ɫҲ˲仯ΪпǺɫӸħִ޲еʧȥɫӣħ־һͨޣ
뵽ޣϧѾѺɫںϣȻԴϺɫһԡ
ɫޱȻйϵǲ֪ԺܲɫӡħɫӾӵп޵дɫӣǿԵһ֧ľӣ
ԽԽò˼飬ȥ㣬ɫӵƿߣǿԾԳư磿
ʬڣǰõԪҪĿꡣ
ͣ棬ȻԼʬǣԼһЩħһʬʬӦħ֣ȻҶҪʱҲܡ
ˡ
ͻȻڵĴԪϵ·ҪҶǰںڷ֮أһǷƬʣΧаӡ
ҶȿȷԪǷƬ֮УΧЩаӡϢҶȸоЩϤϸһ룬ԭаӡϢħϢһģһƬѾԸӦԪ΢΢𶯡
ֲôԪϢ΢ԭħָӡһѵҪֹԪ
һƬǰƬɴСаӡܼ̣Ҷ˵⣬һðޡ
ʱҴͬʱаӡҶȶԺѶȣǶ˵Сһ֮£аӡʧҶһڷƬһƬɹ״Ȼ߹ް顣
ˡ
âŷ룬ͬڰ֮УգһʱƬʱձӲâ֡
⡭
ҶҲâ̵޷ۣ˫ۣâ˫ͫȻŴ
Ϊâ룬ȻһߣֱһߵĴԪ飬ҶռĻԪҪԪ壬Ƭɡ
ںϣ
²˳٣æͷڴԪԪոӿâ֮еĻԪҲɹݻԪâ֮ںϡ
䣡
ں֮ȻҶԼΧһͬ𿪣ﵽĳ߸ߵĻԪӲӵƯڸ߿գϡ֧ܿĸơ

Ԫں֮ͶҶڣںһ̣ҶȸоԪӿֲڵĻԪٺɱħ֣˲ܰħֺࡣ
˵ħ֣֮еľͷҶҲڵĻԪԵֵκλֹ
ಣ
ԪȻʱգ϶ܶǿע߶ǧͼʱա
뿪ʱգӦȻʮڼʱոȥϧͳΪҶȵ
ٶԽԽ죬һ֮ʱգҶٶ˲Ϣգ֮УڼָӦ񡢴Ԫʼ̤ʱգҲǱԪâ
֮Ҷȳ뿪ʱգǰڣȻҪȥѰĪаҲֻܴڿʼѰϢ̾ѡŽλԪʼȻȥĪа
۶ʮȥҶڣҾһӦһ½ҵһ̵ĻĮĮ󣬼ϴ߶ɷѸ͵ؿʼԪ
ͬʱҲ֮ǰλͷʬ廽һ̤ŽλԪʼҪǰħʬһɶҲ޷ﵽŽλԲ߶ȡ
֪ȥ
ˣ
ӿн𵤣γһŰԪ󣬷ҲʼӿԪ
Ԫǧ꾻˫һϡ
ᣡ
нϯռƣֻһŽӲӵԴ߸ߵƯڰ˿ԴϷ
ŽλԪʼҶһֻһͿ񣬳Ϊĸ߶ȣ
ʱڲ飬ƤȼգʴӿʹҶʱ䣬һС
ӭɱḶ́ȥ룬ӭոµĸ߶ȡ
ǧ꣬ڻ鿪ʼȼյ˳ոҶȸоԼë֮ϣں
ڼ俪ʼλͷʬһҶһ̥ǵĸоߡӦ汾ڷɱ䣬Ҳڷ˱仯
ʱȥȫʵˡ
ѾҶȷһͨ壬ھм֮С
̫ҵʼվͷʬԼڲȻһץһĹ︡ڴ֮У֮ǰѹԡ
ٴμҶȣһڼھ뾡취뿪磬ϧγԣն޷뿪Ҳڽʵ
ҶȰʵԸΪҵ飿
Ը⣡ʵӦ
ȻӦʽţӴԺǡԻʡϣ㽫ܳΪһߣ磡
л˴šԻʡ
ӴˣԲͨҶһͬеľ顣
ԸҲǿаļ䣬ֻҪнԼںϱɣ¯֮аɣ
Žӡһ¯ֳͬʱ108нУԻҲŷС
޼Իʣֻ108
ǣˣ
¯֮УҶһ£Իʷһһ108µֶ108֮УҶҲڽӡ񽣿ռ䣬нԻʣԻҲʼӡںнꡣ
һȥ108н֮ϣȻֳһԻʵĿƣڽ֮ζ
Իʣ֮ƶɣӵˮ֮нֱΪ죬úУںϣػΪǿ޵е飡
һĻҶҲˣнƵķҲԼƵųΪߣΪǿķ
̫
ڴգҶȿʼ̫ӶԼͨʵﵽŽλԪʼ߶ȡ
̫ҵӿҶڣͷųʥ̫⣬һ̣Ҷȷ·ǹĴˡ


2307 
ڵĴ½
ȥԴâһɱ½Ƭ½ʧ

½ʮϣһɱ¾ЦͻȻա
ಣ
һѪӰǱգ˾ȻǴ
һָ֮꣬ϻѪӱӵĴǵ⣺ССһͽλ񣬵ӵкܾ˵Ŀռͨģʮããˮ򣡡
ΪʲôҴòͻִﵽλ߶ȣ޷ؽţػӣǷ׷ײ
ʩչռգѾԶʮããˮ򣬶ǽҲԽԽƺԷûʩչȫ
ЦдɣҿԲɱ㣬ҪҺң½ʿ䣬㷴ԳΪˣ
룬ţɱҵӡ
ˮϿգϵشȥ
ȻҪͳȫ㣬Ƭ½лʿֹһˣ㲻뱾δػ룬ɣ
Ȼ䣬ӽӿһâͷųԪʼƣٶʮȻץһģͻأһӴϷһ
֣
ޱ֣
ʮ
ۿҪնɱǧһ֮ʣ࣬ͻȻɱӰ
һ˾ȻʥصӦ飬ҷʮףʮһ֣ͬԽնɱɱͨ
Ԫʼ񣿡
ƺƬ߿귴Ӧʱ֮ͨѾ󱳣ʮƣȻҲԪʼ񣬻Ϊ»⣬Ӧޱ֣ݺݺڽϡ
귢һҽ֮屻飬Ӧһһָڽµͷ­Էһᡣ

תɲǣϾɫŻʧʮӦױʾм
ǰӦĵȳŵĵӣ
̾ϢֻˣʱҵĹ֮УǵĻµ֪ͻȻ֣ǸмʵǲôɱʹߣһԪʼ񣬱֮мĶ࣡
ʮƳһԱ⣺Щ갵е飬һĪĴ֯ν֮мֻһСͷĿЩԪʼҲΧʱգʱͻȻ֣ʲô
ҺƣѾΪ棬ΪλҪ½ϴâһսҪ½Ҳ£ΪǵĹǣǸ޷ص½ֻˮƯΧЩҲһˣ
Ҳ£ϻȥе飬ӦϴŴ뿪ʱҶĪҪȱŪж
ǣ
Ӧͷ֮߶ٶ뿪߿ա
ʮĿͶȥ֮𽥿Ȼ·֧֮УȻɳһٻӰ
棡һңԶˮ
Ƭˮ򱻴Ƭ֣ȥʪࡣ
ˣ
ʥͻȻɳвԽЦʮֱ䡣
ǰգӦ£ٷӶ˼ˣ׷¶οɫ
λû£
ǰһһʩ񣬶վǰ䣬綼ͣǷĿˣԵôǫ顣
˽ӡ֮󣬱˽ڲռ䡣
ɲǼ䣬ڲռһƬ½½Ҳֻʮʮ֮һСһ֮УԼɽһЩԼʿ
߶ͨͷһ⣬ֻŴӣзɳ

ڲƯƶԼ
һ֮Ум·ϷȻһ
ۣ̫ˣϾССѾףοǻ
俴·мЩ⴦оӪҳɹʵʵ飬ϷɱˣĿӦҲµ֣ƻҪʼʵУһ׼½ؽһ½
ʹߴˣЩʵ忴Ƿ㷨ۣ
мæվſڷһͳ֮ɲǼ䣬һ߽ϾȻŵؾ˵ϢȻûںϣǵϢǵѪ֮УЩʱʱ̿ڿƵ
̳ʵ󣬺ܺãܺãмʱҲΪֲӣԪʼ񾳽磡
лЯ
Ϊ֯´󹦣ӦõõģֻǿʼΪ֯ҪΪƿشȨ
ϷЦݣֵ巢սΧˮȻ쳣ҪȲƴǣҲӦȥǿɲô;֮սУ
»°ã
м

ͷž⣬һ˫ͫϷʮһԵȴѾ񣬿ʵǿ̫ࡣ
Ӹ־֮ɫӪͻȻִƶӵԪʼ񡭡޷ӦϢѵ˵֮еĻҲУ
ֹͣӦ
ʮְסâɵ̾ʲôͷǳԪʼл棬뿪Ժ̤һֻܴŴʿʱڰ
ˡ
߶һӡʧ׵ҵıԴĿԸӦҵϢҲ벻СС½֣
ಣ
ʮ£ʮһͬʧڵص
磬ڣһ½
ˣ
һֱԾٶͨ룬Ҳħʬ

ҶȱͻȻ֣ͨâ֮С
ʵﵽŽλԪʼ״̬о̫ˣ
ٴο磬׿ռ֮ƯŸӦѾԸڣ޷Ӧÿһ䣬ߣҲܰƬʱմ󲿷ֶ
ֲ鿴ʣʶ˵ı仯仯ľߣѪ಻٣ӤҲ仯
н
˫ۻӶֻһĺԽǴԻʡ
ৣԽ룬ΪһԻʱ׳۽ѾǰĴнΣ108ںɫĴԻʽ
ˣлʱʱעԻɭɭ˵
һֱھ֮ƷʣһͨóԴУҲշ𣬶Ʒɱкܴ
нѾγһڲ֮ͬصĴڣ˵ǴԻʣҲԵǴн
ಣнʱںϣΪһҶڡ
벻ŽλԪʼѣħʬһδҴﵽŽλԪʼ״̬
һҶȻͣҰѾģٿһħ֣֮£Ҳֻʱڲ
ĪаʵһλҶʵԽ㣬㻹ܲδ
ҶͷŸӦȷڴ򣬼ٴȥ


2308 
ڴȻҪĵطҶԪʼܴͼ۸Ȼ
ҶѾͨϢԼ콣ӦĪаŷλһΪɽĴʱա
ɽҲһģ̫Ų࣬񶴡ɽħţʮʱգ翿Եλá
Īа񰡣̫СˣΪô󣬲ڼ֮ȥҾ޷Ϣ
̨һɫ۵Ҷȣʿ֮кۣҲû˵֮󣬴ʼ߶һ˶ʱƿնȥ

ʮ˲ʥĵΧĳһ֮С
ڤڷϲ鿴һ
Ȼ洫С㣬ˣ
ɣڤֻӦһȻ鿴ÿһŷŴ򿪣멵ԭ˽
ڤתԭף¡
ԭ񣬴ޱ𾴣С㣬Щһֱ鿴һˣ
ʲô಻ģʲô£ڤʵ
Ǵ׹һСǷǺã
ϵλ
ǵģڶܵԵƻǰյ鱨ٵķ棬ԽԽ࣬ǵʱѾ٣
λ£һֱûֱתλסͷԼѡĴףһŮӣδƿصǵȨƿأǵֻл𣡡
С㡭
ԭһɫʱĳ˵Сºúÿǡ»Իһ
ڤӦԭӦ취
ĺȻ䣬ڤüӿһŭ⣺ΪǷҪƿشȨ֮еףһݺصĴڣڵ֮УǶ޵еĴڣκһ˶ʸƿص
ϿҵΪСڤ˵ΨһѪֻƿλʮ˲İաǿߣŻŽκһף޷㣡
𻺻ת㻹Ȱҵ˼תǣһҪעһȥɣ
ǡ
ԭƺ˵ЩʲôڤĮȻӰֻĬĬ뿪䡣
ŷźϣڤߣҧ촽С㣬ոۣ˵ǵÿһǶ֪Сع񹬣ҲλϢ
ڤ򣬳ĬƬ̣ӦЩףɢȥûѡ񣬲òλ
С㣬ǿѡ뿪ʮڵʱΪ֮أǸκβǣ
뿪ףӱҲףһԶȥһԪһжߵյ㣬ĴҲܺӣҲܲںȥɵʧȥϣǳеóеΣ
С㡭
ȴɣ϶ǶãʵڲУҲ޷ӹ֮֡
ڤץһᾹȻ档
һĻҲһʲ
޵
ʪ֮УʮپȻʱʱ̲̿ϱ仯ţÿһҶ͸Զȥʮٵ֦Ҷһγʮ״̬
ڴ֮յʮһһʵһڲɱ䡣
˭ú޵ʮ֮أʮնԷ
ȻʮҶʼҶΪһ㻹ǲΪ֮Ľ֮𣿡
صף˭룡΢΢ſ˫ۣž޲ʮ١
˶õõȨӵһУأ
˵ˣңԼҵı𣬱뷨ǿԼУվʿ۷壬ԼľͷδĽ磬ƿĽ磬Ȩ£ǲҪΪʲôӵǿ֮ľ㹻Դﵽ׷ĸ߶ȣ
Ŀ̫ǳһΪףͿԵķ򣬿˭˳ۣʧҪ˭һͿ˭˳ԸǶ᳹ʧѵ㲻ȨȨ˭Ҳҷ㣡
ҵķҪЩʲôʮ٣ѵ㻹δףҪҪɵգѤȥҲ޷ﵽĸ߶ȣǲǣ潨һֻ־ķ磬һ˵λ磿ûʵûз룬ûûпһ磬ڻʲô˼
㲻Ҫıػ̫ڤŮҿ԰ʵԸһͳκ˶޷ǣǿһ𣬳̫ڤƿظĵµĵ磡ûʵܴܰ߳ຣʲô壿
ʮɲӲͬҪ˵Ҷȣ־ȥߡ
Ѿһ侲ɫᵽЩʹܼ࣬ǿĻ˱ѣ˶δϣ֪ΪʲôΪϣǷݶδ㽣أһһֻҷ磬ǿػȥϣģһӾʵ֣ûвȱûбˣֻҸ磬ֻһΣ㲻ٹƻңȻںϣעҪԦ㣬ҪԦǣ˵ʲôҽһԼķ򣬵ͷҪһķɣ
㽫׵ģ׵ġ
ʮŻûҶɶʧ
޷ģһֱ˫ۣʼǿʵΪ֪ڤʱҪվߣԶڰ
񹬡
һƫ֮Уס׵ȼͷʲôͻȻԭ۵Ȼֹ
վӭԭۣȭЦϵܣпն񣿡
СɲӦ̬Ⱥܼ֮һ£ҡҡͷʱĿìܡ
׵ϵܰҲʲôҲղǲʱ̷һδǻδСλһŽһͬѹأǲǣ
ҲС㲻Ը⣬ôСתλôƼһ˳ƿλ
Ƽһˣ
ף㿴ЩףȻһ׵Ĵڣ˶ͬ𣿲ܣ֮УǿߣŽ޷
ǻԼˣոյϢѾٿԽķͬʱҲ뺣彻սǲǿһ̤뷲硢ɽ磬Ȼܽ磿
ͬ⣡
û
Сⷽ棬ǻüӿ첽ûСͬ⣬ֻܵʮһĴ磡
ϵܣֻܿ㣡
ʱλͻȻٴԭۡ
׵ѰСعϢɢأȻҲһЩϹŶţǻӦģ
ãҲᾡջǵ˵ͷȴϹŶСѾûжʱ䣬˵ϹŶǣϹŶ˵󲿷СԵ˵Ѿأʱ
Ǽƻһ½жϸڣ
֮󣬰׾ۼһ顣
Ψԭһֱǳüչлì֮С


2309 Īаķ

ˣˡĪа֪ʲôͨܰ콣ԼϢأʮޣ˸޷ԶӦϧҶӵԹ֮Ļ龻֣ȥĺҲܲˣ
ϴ͵Ĵռ䡣
Ҷһ˶һ࣬Ԫʼκ˹עһֱڰУ߶龻ָӦ콣ĪаϢ
Īа뵽Ҷȵõ콣ͿʼϢĻõҶǹ֮񴫳ߡ
λɽǰ
ǿߣͨÿ˴ݡ
Խ콣ĪаϢԽǿҡ

ͻȻӭһ۵ǿ⣬ԭǴӿʱգǰƯɽԼһ½
ȫͬһʱգ½ɽʶƯڰգ·뺣֯ɵƮˮ
ɽһ
ܳΪһԼ̫ҲӵһϵһģɽҲԶţȻ޹أƾʷעĳλ
ա
߳ǰһ桢ϵĵʿڸ߿س֣Ӧɽӡ
ĪаϢλҲ˲뿪֮ҶϢܸӦĪаϢԷҲܸӦϢϴһ㣬ĪаߣβᣬѾû龻֣ԼϢںһϢй֮־û˿ԸӦΪû˵ֶγ֮
˲߶ǧͼʱշȥԽһ½ɽĪаϢԽԽ
ʮ֮
һƬ޴ԭʼĴ½Ư֮УЩ½ˣҴ󲿷ִ½û̫ʿдޡϢ
ˡ
һïܵɭִ½ϿգҶƿ߳ĪаϢƬɭĳط¼ͷͨӦһǰ
ֻɭ֮£һƬɽһɽȻһεľ֣ҶʱŸӦ֮УϢϢҶ˵ҲİĪаӣԼ½ף
ĪаϢû龻ָӦ޷֣ʱĪаռ֮УһаĹʯǰаʱ䲻ƻָҲͻƶλԪʼ
ĵ䵱ʿھΧС
Ƕ˽ʱκʿУҶҲеϣڣҶվǰѾ޷ǲࡣ

ʩչ֮ͨҶ׵ؽĪаǰһ㣬Էʧȥʶ·˯һ㡣
֮ҲͬҶƷ
Ҷһ磬Īаֻм׾룬ΣĪаҲߣʵֶΡͨͨԶҶ֮¡
аϢʯҷǳϣĪǾĪаᵽа񣿡
Ҫռ䣬һавӿռ֮΢΢ͷŶҶȸСģȻĪа֣аǵýԸġ
ڶռ֮С
һʮɸߵĺɫʯǰĪаʯ˫ۣϴʯ֮аʯȻӵۣԼͷ­ͷ­зֱͲһ࣬ǹ߶ħ
ҺǱʯǻŵ壬ܰһŵð
˫ͷħȻǺɫģѪɫĶһһͷҲѩɫģĪаһģһʯȻӵаͼڣӾĪаŷĿа
ˡ
ʯֻ򣬺Ȼһ
ĪаȻ˫ۣ¶ɫȻŨɱվæ˫ͷʯģ˳ƽӡռ绯ΪһͻȻûĿռ䡣
ĪаȻ򵥣ܸӦҵ
ԭĪаҶȣͻȻ֡
֮⣬ҶȱǱռ䣬֪ռͻȻûһΪһʵﵽλĻ
֮ĪаҲƯڽ󷽣ŭҶȡ
ৡ
һ̣ҶȾʹ߶ߣ׾Ȼһ࣬ٴμĪаҶ¶־㵣Īа񣬿Ϊʵһж׸а㿴ڣѾ׹ħ
ĪаȻǸŮħͷǵòԼµĸ߹ʣѾȫɥʧʣΪƿصĿܣһӡ
ĪаŭɶҶȣҴʱ˿̵ӣǲǺܿģǲǺܵ⣿ǰǰǶô޵еĴڣȴһ㳬Խ㻹رгɾ͸УڳЦ
һ˵ô࣬Ҹ㣬һֱûгЦ㣬Ҳûп͹㣬㻹㣬ʶǸݺ޵еŮħͷ
ʱĪаȻѾʧȥң׹ħ֮ҺûûصĵزнʵҵȷΪԼеҲˣͿˣκ˶гΪͷĿܣֻǰѿǰʵְˣĪа񣬽վǰͲҶѿ˰ɣ
Ҫ콣ΪβҴϵõȫ콣
Īа֪ѰҵɱУһҪȰһ䣬Ը콣ңҾͲɱ㣡
㣿ҳΪǿߵĽݾ㣬أ
㣬õ콣죬Ϊ˵õΪ
ҶӵУ
ҿһҵõܣҾͰ콣㣬ҶܵõԼҪģΣ
㵱꺢ӣ˺ƭҶȣʲôˣѵһ֪٣ô뻢ıƤ
ղŵĽ飬ǷԷθģҲϾͻȻҵǿͻȻҪʾãҲ᲻мһˣҶԣܴﵽĸ߶ȣһֲԭֲϵ
ҶȼѾʧĪаоϡ
Īаһҷֲϵ
һĻĻͷҶ׵ǰһ룬ǶôǿǶôСΪһ׷ɱƣҲһ߳澳һǿֵģմﵽĸ߶ȣûĳ֣Ҳ꣬ʹﵽʵǼ֤ǿˣҲɱ㣬ɱҲû壬濼ҵĽ飬Ԫ겻ץҵѣ˵Ҳ
мңȴܺڡΪ
֪
ҶȵϣĪа񵱼ʩչͨץаƣΧ󶼸𿪣Ҷɱ
㿴ʵ
ҶȾȻûʮģͻȻһץޱ֡
ͻͻͻ
ޱץа֮ϣδκײֻޱԾԣаͨץ顣
ȻҶһĪа񣺡ѾҵĶ֣ҴӦŹ㣬ӦԺ콣Ҿͻͬ꣬Ԫ׷ɱʱ֮ʣܶԼ˵Ҫһǿһõ콣һģ˵õ

ĪаĻýҶȵĻȫִаƣ˫ץƿռ䣬аհҶѹɱ¡
Ҷȴݵش߶ޱ֣˺һаƣλʵѾвԡ
콣ҵģһΪ޵еĴܣа񰡣Ըеһж׸㣬ҵҵѪҺҵԼҵסնɱǿУ
ȻĪаȻֹͣ˫ֻʮ˫ֻͫаâӿһаӰ


2310 һ·
Īа񡭡
Ƭɭɽ˶ݽУѾ룬½ڲϱ֮С
Īа񲻶֮ۿϴڱ˫ͫаӰϵطŴ
ȻҪ߶ǿֶΡ
֮֮һƿصҶȣ֪ĪаΪĿģԷһС
а񡭡ҵҪܶԿ֮𣿡
ҶȶԣѾûκ·ֻнĪаѹ̵ʵ
龻֣
ɲǼ䣬һ龻־ȻʼҶᡣ
ͻͻͻ
ͬʱǰռͻȻ飬һɹϵ˷Ҷȶú˼Χ½׻ΪƯ½Ҳ׷׾𶯡
а˫ͷʯĪаǰһߴСϱ߱գ۾ѴﵽʮɶߣаͫǰҶȡ
ҶȵĪаѾʧȥԼΪֵ𣿵ͷϣᱻаᣡ
ĪаײеطΣҵòĶҲ޷õõҪʯ٣
˫֮еĻ龻֣ѾֹͣҶһаʯ񣺡ħĪаһ㿴ıʡ
֪С֪ߵغϣԶа񣬷󣬶õõζһУ
˫ͷʯȻ˵ˣûһ¶ȣҲûһ
֨֨
ͻȻʯۣʯ״̬һ̾ȻʼȻÿһ£Īаĳ͸Ӳ԰һЩѪɫҲ𽥲԰ס
Ҷٴαú˼аǿ󣬸ӦǺ֮¡ѵǱʲôѹ㻯ΪʯԶ޷Ϊ֮壿

аڻָɣָ׷׿ʼȻѪ֮ǿҲ·Ƶģͬʱа˫ͷҲͬʱҶȣſ죬¶Ƿߵ
㲻óѣ󸴻Ҳᣡ
˿ֲĶ֣ҶȻа
Բѣ
аҲʼɳ˫ҲʼĲÿһ̤ռ䣬ʣĪаں󷽷·ʧȥʶһֱ˫ֺʮ״̬
龻֣
˫ףҶƳ˫ơ
а֮ŭ
аͬʱץһаâɱҶȡ
ˡ
龻ִ˿̻ΪĿâٶȻââ֮
ҪĻ龻֣аͻȻ𺳾ǡܣ˵ܣ޵ͨôһͨСϣ
Ҷ˫üһ׼ˮа񾪺Ҳ㵣ѵаһʱôаûбѹ֮ǰȻľͷ
ɶޣԶžĻ뱾ΪУɱаħǿߣȻһСϳ֣Ҳˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ֮ȻҲ䣬λ
аȻ٣ץаâӶĿֻаͻȻԾſۣаâڻ龻֮ϡ
žžž
а޵ײ֮󣬸оǹڰĽʱըռֱ飬ȻѸ죬˲ռ״̬κʣǴ½Ҳ˲䱻˺÷顣
ްޣǰҲĶ֣µĴߣȴǸ΢ϣ־
ʱ˿̣˫ըһɢնΪ״̬
ۡ
벻а˿ֲǱӡͷҶ̫ˣаѾﵽ߽λ߶ȣףҪ˺顣
ͬʱԶɽҲܵⷽռ𶯣ⷽޱǿ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ҶȼˮаҲǰͻȻɱѾӥצץ
߳
ˮƿնȥ
꣡
ֻһаһֱۣػ飬аһæһֱۣžһˮ𿪡
аˮַ󾪺ϤϢϤˣˣֲþúϤԭԴķʰܣԶŻʣʯǧ򱶣̺ΪĻűӿĽݣΪĽ̵ݣ˵˴죬Ľ粻ֻʣѵʲô£
ˮȻǴĽݣ
һֱ׷ѰˮҶȣ벻ʱȴ״аУ֪
ϻʣǴݡ
ǳԽͨĴڣʵ⣬ͬķʯǽǽ
а̾졭ѵʲô£ݶˣ֮ҲˣΪϵĴ֮һҲԶԶȲϰ
ಣ
һͻȻˮߡ
Сӣ벻ĺԸ𣬿ϧ̫СǶһ㣬ܰѷӡʯ顭ûлˣ
аһҶȣһֱץааƣаһҶΧʮռ䣬̱аƿأռڲһʣʼа飬֮˷Ҷӿ
µµͨȣܶǿƬаƿռ䣬˲䱻顣
Ԫ
УҶȴ߶ߣѾɽϹ콫аɱôֻᱻĪаߡ
ɣ
аֱ۲趯ҲаƿռСҶȷ
ͻ
˵аƿռ䣬ӭɱаҲҶȸ˺飬аƿռ䣬ԼǰаҶͻȻơ
ܱ޿еˣȻŲǱϧСӣڻ𣬻ԶԸ𣬵ڵ㡭
ҶȳַаЦѣڴʴ֮ʣδ˵꣬ͻȻҶȺâ𺳣ȻŤҡͷ󺰣ôǴ졭
¡
Ȼû˵꣬â֮еĴԪͻȻаʯ
ǿʯĴԪ£̼飬ըȻΪɫ촷ۡ
ಣ
ҶһڴԪɲǣæġ
ۣ
ԶĪааʯ飬һһѪصȥ
ǧͼ󣡡
ĪаδأͱҶһץסֿΧĪаԼ֮ǰ£ѾһΪ촷ۡ
ǳâһͶռ
κ֮

һշǧǿߣȫɽĵӣҲʮ
ʮһѾ𽥻ָȻգռͻȻʲôûУһ׹˺¡
ռ֮һͷͷŸӦʼѰңǰûһ˿֡
ղǹа־̫ϣ̫ǿôͻȻʧˡ
м߽λͷֹͣӦ֮໥ҡҡͷҲûʲôõӿʼһƬƬϸѰҡ
˿̣ɽʱһһ½ա
ǳ֮½һɽͷԣҶȴ߳һâĪа
Īаоͬһ㣬û˿ǹѪ˿Ҷȣ˵
Ȼ״̬ĪаĿ⡢ʣ֮ǰһ
òĪа˵ɱ㣬ͻһ·ֻϧĵɽ
ܵĪаĺ⣬Լҧ촽ģҶһ֮עĪаڣȻʾã֮ûֻΪ콣ʵԽ̫࣬ûɱıҪ콣ѾҵУ


2311 ˮ򶯾
ֻҶȸո˵꣬Ȼֻ֪̯һŹϵĽֶ
ۣ
ĪаƳᣬһѪ
һ˲ƣΡΡͻȻ֣Ҳ֪ץסҶȵ죺Ҷȡҵģҵģ
֪ģҽ죬һ콣㣬Ҫǽ죬ҵǲȤΣ
ҶȺε̯̯֣Ұ콣Īаǰ˻Σ־أնɱȻң̵аѱһڵӦ÷ֵó콣ҪҪɣ
㡭ѵעʣ
ץס죬ĪаѾɿ޵еа񶼱ҶȻѾʧȥҶȶԿаʧֻص꣬Լŵĵҡ
ˣǲģŬһеͷ֮޷ݵġ
ҲϢĨȻԸӦҵϢǵҽ㣬ĪаΪ֮ñٴҵ⣬ܷŹһΣŹڶΣ
ڵõ콣ҶҲȥơϣҪơһͬȥ졣
һδʧܣҵĿǡ
Īаһ˺󼸲ҡҡͷ
ٵ̧ͷʱĻҶȵӰӣһѪεڲݵ֮ϡ
ɽ
Ҷ͸ое㲻һͨ߶һ֪ɽƬʱգѰ֮ǰɼ½ϧɽһֱΪͷܵǰ𶯾ⲻֻ֪һССľŽλԪʼ
ˣҶȲ󣬵죬߶ܿԶɽʱա
ʱҶȿʼơ繵ͨںڴǻоˡūı仯ͻƵŽλԪʼ񣬳ơһϹʱðգʵȻҲﵽԪʼ߽λ
ڣ
ơ绹ûлӦʩչ龻֣ӦϢ
뿪ڵһգ߶龻ָӦơ硢ˡūϢ
졣
ˡ
龻˶һӦҶ˴ŷλóͼԱһĿһƬͼʱ֮ϡ
ʱգ
⴦ʱն˵İģλ̫ɽγɵԶҷǳңԶԵʱա
ڹżѰҹʱյĽܣȻҵˣʱϹս֮һ缸֪һսʱգһ˷֮أдǿߡ䣬Ϣʴ
ֲ޷ӦϢʱӣҲда꣬ԼֿڣͰϢɡ
Ҷڴ󣬱ôԴǧͼٶҪ࣬ٶѾﵽ߽λľٶȡ
ʱĴ󣬱ΪšҲǸһ
ŴȺ֮еҶȣһУһоͼʱһǽţﵽţҪȥʱҲҪʱ䡣
帽ˮ
֧֧֯ˮ棬ʱʱԼһ߾ߺʬ壬ҲкǺʿʬ塣
䡭
һˮͻȻ
ֻһźܲǣȻӳˮ档
뵱纺ӵеΡϢֻ࣬ɫͬԼа״գִһ֧֮Уɳһںϵǡ

ɫһǣͻȻҵضײһ𣬰ռ˺״̬˫ڸ߿ղײһδײγװĹײþصš
ͻͻ
֪ǰɫֶ뺣֮Уһǣæ׷ȥ
ˮ֯ˮ֮УǾȻӡѹȣԾٶˮ֮дС
򣡡
ǼײȻɫӺڵˮ֮УòҡڣӺɫͻȻһ֮ԦǣѹȣβͻȻһڣצҲѸץɫǡ
¡
̫ˣβצͬʱкɫǣǶʱ飬жʮ׷ֻһǿĻһ
ˣرº֮ӣҲ֮ѹȣ
һδ֮зһһˮռ䣬Ǻͷš
ˡ
ǱûΪΣȻʥ
ͻƻĸоǲһλҲնɱλ
ʥϢԪʼ񣬶һ
֮һʿôˣҸرǺɱˣ
죬ǳĿֻǷɢעȻصӪϢ
ǣˣ
֮ڴǿȻɫǶʱˮ䣬źɫǣ׷ȥ
ңԶˮ硣
֮УƯһǳأǳˮ֮Ư֮ƶԼʿ
ʱʱԼǷɹˮںˮ

һǽǳذգʥʮַɳǣһ˿ǣ˷׷ɢʥǳء
ʥˣ
һ֮Уֻһ󲻿ԵߣϷ֮ϣ·мʿ˴硢šϢ࣬Ԫǿߡ
峤λǰ
˹ȻһӣһƬĺɫƬƯڴա

Ԫͷһͬ߶âһɹɫƬʮ죬һ˲̾ƵرƵرʶ࣬ǳɷֱȲҺƵرٶȡӲȵȷ棬ǺռƵģ
ǰûϤʥŮʱصǿߣͷһͬоܣȻҪƽƷ಻ҺʿǺƶƳرڸҲƣ
֮ϣϵ˵ʱҺ巢սؼǣǱҪŪƵرǲǶһģˮսʤܾ֮ϣ
һ߱ȭ峤֮ͨǰԺƬо඼һģ岢δƸرʱرԼоƸǣ
ʥЩƬ֮ȣ峤ٴȷһʲôϢһʱ֪ս֮£ʱΧһѾǲ
ǣ
ʥ뿪
壡
Ľʱա
ǹ϶֮µĺһֱȴţʱʱӺһɹɾ˵ĺâ
һӾ̾벻ʥŮܺ񴫳УҪ㳤ʱ䣡
ȻӴģҴвˮ򷽷УһʥŮأµĺǺ彫һͳˮ峼
Ļ塢˫ͿԱս´ˮԴﵽǰδеĺƽʱ
֮̾̾Ӻ
ʱա
纺ۣǵ֮΢΢ﶯʱʱû͸״̬纺ͬʱΧʱգԺµľ
ںϣ纺㷢Ѿɫ뺣һɫ˫ͫӵĴ̺ӿʥ⡣
ѲǺ֮壬𽥳Ϊˮµĺ


2312 ʱ
ǧ
ƿһƬʱա
ƬʱʱպԵĲͬʱ񷣬һЩ磬ԸܵԵĽ
ΪǽţĿǰǿĽ֮һ
뿪ŵҶ߶ǧͼʱմȥΪﵽٶȣӦλࡣ
뿪ʱ֮ӳϤޱߵˮ
ָİٶȥҶѾо֮еϢԽĹϣȻơ硢ʮ뵶ūϢҲԽԽǿҡ

ɳգһƬǱ֮Ĺʱա
вУ
ѾʱյıԵشӦ֮УҶȷϰʿϢǰʱ֮ͷųҴ󲿷ֶǵͽλԪʼֻռ
ŲϢУ𽥽ʱգϤһĻĻǰˮΪںɫƯǶѻˮ֮УһЩϴĵ죬Ǵ½ϳ֣졢½֮жûжϢȥģ쳣ǿޣһЩ
ϴ󡭡
ͻȻ䣬Ƶ֮شʱվͷ
ҶȼؽӡƣϵˣѴĪаõһ콣Ҫһͬ죡
̫ˣǵðǰ鷳ˣϴʱ򣬷ͻȻʱʧȥټٹ
˲ˣ
Ҷȵһ뵣ɫֿʼ߶ǧͼʱȥ
졢Ư½ҶȲǰޱߵһ½ո½Ϳķ棬һЩʬɢս֮УʱҲ·Ҫ˷ӡҺҶΪǵΪֻܻС
аꡢаҲʼӿ֣ҲһЩ뾡취ȡԶǿķԼ
Լʱ֮Ҷʱ֮пԼʬ壬ԼʬǣеĸãеıȫãһЩǿϧаơ
ǰ
ȥǰʱոӺڰʱ࣬ʡϢǾֹģҿԼһ޴ʬǣڷ֮С
ҶȽƬռ䣬ʬʱҲиӦһЩϢȥעơ硢ʥȾԼūϵ

ͻȻǰֹսɳӰǳơԼū
ҶҲһٶȱ˿һ
ơΪȻﵽ߽λԪʼ񣬵ūҲͻƴﵽһλԪʼ񡭡
δ棬ҶȾ͸ּ⣬ʵ̫ˣҪ֪ȥ壬õϴ񣬲ܴﵽŽλԪʼΪǳơֻһսܴﵽ߽λԪʼ̫ˡ
ūҲͻԪʼ񣬶ҿǲͻƲãϢʺϵūУӵǿʬõԵıʵ
֮ơҲ𺳵طҶǿ̶ȣһγǣѾվżǰ
˫ڰռ棬κκѵĻҲûУҶֱʵô£
֪˶ҶȵҪԣæҶߣʱʱգҾϸӦ˵ϢȻҽʱգ磬ϢȻ󲿷ֶǵҿʼѰұ˳õһӵжϵģҲõٱҲаɱľǵʬЩʬǿ̶ȳǵ󣬽뷽ʥľ˱ǿгɢҵ˷ʥȾˣǷȴʧˣǵȴ꣬һֱԸӦǺ޻ӦʥڻˣΧѰң
ⷬҶ˲ȥ
һ㶼İģʿ֮γɵаʶսһЩʿ˵ҲٴθôԪУȻ쳣ֲ
Ҳֵø˵ĵطѾռеģһͿʼǿ
ĬһҶȼʵ˿˿
ƵֻʱδȥΪдΧûʵﵽܸߵĸ߶ȣǸǶֻ֣еūǿԿҲ޷Խ
пܣǱ׷ɱⴳ룬ʱաҪڵʵԶԸλһͬȥ浽ʲô
˵ûջ񣬵ǳⷬ˵Ⱦ֮
²˳٣뵶ūǰȥԽһƬƬսȻǧ֮࣬ʱգҲ
ಣ
һɽ֮ʱʥʮ˴ΧۼһҶȷ׷
ҶȰѾ뵶ūһ֮УȻơǰУûãͻȻһӰ֮Ծ
һǵϢԼʮɣǰȻһޣУŵȲλµѪ⣬ֲһӵаһа
Ҳ˵ǱаƵĴڡ
ʵﵽλ񣬵ȷ
Ӧ֮ҶȾǰһ磬Գơ߽λԪʼΪ˵ѾԽӵһλλҪԸӵǿĹ̫ҪսʤĻ븶صĴۡ
䡭
￪ʼܣÿһ̤÷𶯣ƬѹƻʱգȴûжӰ졣

һ㣬һָһ
꣡
ߵͨټҶʵǰצҪѻץ飬ֱ֪Լͷ˫ȣյ֨֨ըϻΪҽ
ߣ
ų磬һǰȥ
ǰǴ󣬶һͷʬǣͻȻҶ˵ӷ֮ԭһӾˣף峤ȴﵽǧףʵҲжλ
޽
˫һĿⱬɽ֮ϯĹովͱ޽Դݿ֮ƣϵնƬ

֪ΧѣǷ׷Ҷȣʬ嶼ǲ
Ҷִ߶޽һʱ䷲κһ￿˲䱻ɱһ⡣
ǿ̬ҶȻǰ
龻֡
ǰ֮󣬿ռӿֲϢѾͬһܲѾ޷УǵĹϵƬʱĸ߶ȣѾﵽλ£ʵǽӽλȻ޷УһҲǿͨ
ҶȶԣҲܴѹȸУԵΪӵеߴеĴڡ
ͨ߶龻ָӦʮҶϳ־ϲЦݣϿơ磺Ӧ˵ϢˣȻ΢ǵȷǳʱգﻹа룬ͬʱһ·ȥиǿ඼λλʵһЩλﵽ߽λ
ٺ٣ҵҪ
Ҳͷǰ޷սʤҲֱǰǲȾˡ
ৡ
ոնӸ߿վֹķ֮УͻȻɳһֻ޴Ĺǳÿһ˴ٶȾȻﵽĸ߶ȣշС


2313 ħ
ŷƿնⶳսʱգȻʧȥƽ˷Ӷȥ
ৡ
Χռ׷׷춯һͷͷﱼɱԼнʮͷ
ޣ
ơ綣֮ҶѾǰķ֣Ҳעķ޶ԣֱϷС˴ֻ֮һ£ޱռ䣬ħҪĶࡣ
䣡
ٴγʱҲգ֮䣬һͷײúֱըǼܡѪɢأְһЩѪʳɱ
һĻơ翴ˣϴɶʱˣ
ڵʵҺܶ࣬ǿռԶԶȲϣڣ߽λǼǰ
ҶȵһĳԴݿ֮ƣǷɱ˴׹ĹǼ´ΧȻֳ
޺ܿնɱʮͷٿһռ䲻ˣٴγҶȵļͷ
һҶȴ߶ߣԼͷɷ򣬼Ԧ״̬£ٶȲǰУԽһƬƬս׷ɱ
˷ɹһɽȻǿǰʱգǵһͨںսı֮Ϊأ
˾ſռ֮УѾǵĵռ䣬ܸӣǵ󣬶Կ⣬ǶҶԣκ޷ֹסҵĲ
Ҷ˵꣬ųơǰʱա

ϿʱΧΧŶʮͷʵȻλ
ѾҶȶ޷Խֲ÷ȾʧơʱҲ޼ƿʩΪֲ̫ΪҲҶһ˵Ӧ߽λԪʼΪԸˡ
ޣȥסǣ
Ҷһ´ռ䲻ˡ
޳ЩΧȰһͷײ飬Ȼһࡣ
Ҷץס῿ǰʱգʱ棬˾淢ִ渲ʱΧȻγһȻıݣʮּ̣еĵطģʵγɣǻûзȫǡ
ৣ
˺ɴУɲǼһȫڰԵΪĿռ䣬Ӧʱյ롣
˲䣬˶޷һʩչ֮ͨ󣬲ſԻ壬ʼΧҲһƬսϢΧʮϣȻսǿߣƬս֮ǿĴڣ֮˾˵Ŀռ䡣
߶龻ָӦգҶȾ¶ϲЦݣϢǰôмɾ˵Ϣ
侲Ŀڵ⴦սǾˣҲǾսǼɾϢӦľˣ
Ҳ⣬Ҳ߲⡭ҲӦ
Сģ˷˵ϢһӦһɺܿµϢ߶ҸıϢ̫һΪΧϢͬʱҲ߶ڰͬռ䡣
ܿ죬Ҷܵռѹʼմﵽʥٶȷеĵز롣
䡭
֪ǰǧףһҵıըʱͻȻһʱռ䣬ͻȻ䣬һ޸ߵİӰγŤ״ǰ
粻̾һͷ󣡡
Ҳһࣺ֪ʲô֮ڹһ磡
һͬ̿ˮͬʱըγɵĶ֮Ҳϯֲ̫ˣҶƶܿռ䣬Ѿ޷Ϊ⴦ռ䳬ԽʵܿƵĸ߶ȡ
æ߶СϯĶ֮תƣӰ쾡١

գɱը˻ǾˣҶվǰףʴܵΪ󲿷֣һѪȻơҲ³һѪĭ
ֲƾͰش
ˣ𣿡
ͻȻǰռش
ң̫ˣ飬û°ɣ
Ҷȴϲݣæ뷽齻
û£ֻǶܵشˣҪСİԶŴսҾǰԦħɱս
Ǹղǵγɵаڹǣ
ЩǾǰ䣬֮Уһͷħһʶаʶƣ
ħʲô
Ҷ˫ͫ˸޺棬ʱδϢ֪硣
΢شҲˣħϹޣ֮ͨǰǶԾǰµƽ⣬ŵ֪ħϹʱǿ֮һǾǾħ̤ɱʿԼκаħ⣬ħ޵еĴڣ
ԭǵ
Ū׷˺£𺳣Ҷ޷ǸղֵǾ޴Ӱ˵ĲǵȷһͷֻͨϹޡ
ֵˣͷħаʶƣѾħҪСİڲھǰʶΪĽ֮Уǿܼ֣
ǲż취
ȻŪ׶ǺǾͿ취Ըħ
ħ
ϹޣǺεȵǿ
Ҷѵ֪鱨߳磬ͬʱ𺳣Ҳδħ󣬲ƿصԶߴǿߣȴ֪ħ
\â֮ۡĹѪ桭еȻ֪ħ
߶ͨͨüĴһâֻޱȿµ֮ϣĴڸоӰӡ
µҶһܲϰߵģƺ뵽췣ۣ֮󱻿ĹһĻƣԽ̸˰ɣ
ٺ٣Ȼʵڲ
ƲƲ֮󣬳һģȻͨħ˽⣿
üâ֮Уͳ˻Ƶˣ»ݺһʱľ׷ɱһͷ֣ҲȻʶħħӲӲħһ²òߣħȷֲܿϹޣڸ涼޷ħȵģ£λֵܣҲĶ֣
ⷬʱҶȡơٴ¶ɫ
Ҷһ⣺Դ죿
ǴϵĻߣҲǴ֮ǿսһֱڴţǴΪ´һڼŭ֮¾ֻһ𡭡
˫ֲЦһµĺȵûаǲѹ㣬ȴѹˣУ
ȥȥ֪ǿмȥһԡ
Ҷȿ磺벻ǾħĶ֡һͷս֮еľħֻǱаʶƣĲʵӦ߽λ£
ûл᣿Ρ
ֺǺǵ룺ٺ٣ˣϴӵдԪڻ޷ȫ߶̣ʥҲſʼںУֻϴܶԸħ󣡡
飬ƺһж˵С£ֵһᡣ


2314 ͨѹħ
˼һᣬ˵ȻдԪȴҲ׶Ըħֲ˹ﵽ߽λǵһҵʱȻɱ
ǵһҲҪȫסħһʩչռħκα仯ɣ
Ըħ󣬸ûκμƻ԰ƽֻһһ˵֣Ҷȶ֮ȻҪͷ
ңһˣޡ
ವһ·ɳϢƬռν壬ǶҶȡơ˵Ȼݺᡣ
ǰ֮Ҷ˫ֳͫһͷ޴ħӰͬʱ𺳡
ֻһ紣ڷϣ粢޴ֻһڽǰȴվһǧ׵ħӰ
ħӰһͷȫʺ쳤ëľ
ȻȽ绹Ҫߣ󣬷·Ԥ꣬һˣǾ޴ޱȣžħǺεȵһĻ
ϸϸһ֮һǸõģЩط¶ͷǳףаħħͬĵطĸǰγǰǲ೤һһ룬ĥ
ϹޣޣҲֻ֮ܿ⡭
һ̣ħ𺳣Ϲ޹ȻֲϳߴԶŸ֣Ϲһ޷硣
ҶȵĿǰΪֹǿĵˡ
ɲǼ䣬ȫѪڱڣÿһͣһ֮Ҷȷ־ħ취ƽ硣
ħѾܶΣϧ޷ƿ磬һֱڻ֪λܲܳ˦Ļײ
󷽣ƽϴ󣬾ħ֮лҪܶడ
ţӵоħûеƣӵ˼άûУֻǱаʶƵĹˣǵӦû⣬ʵڿ£һײһ˲Ϊ࣬Եһ῿ܴ߶ԪԶ빥ᱻ׶㿪
ãɰɣ
Ҳޱȵ
ÿ񾭶ɵñҲȻֹ
ͻȻݶˣɾǰµΪħǲδаʶʴһֱǰѹڴ֮Уħ󶷷
ħǵʩչ𣿡·ץסһϣ֮⣬Ҷȼæʵ
ˣǵˣǾħˣȻ㲻ʩչų㣬Խʥֵܵ־һͬ߶
˻ҶȻͬʱǽһһââһǾħ֣ȻâҶȣħҲһҶȡ
ͨ壡
ħʱŭ𣬿ʼܣڼֹĿռ䲻ϱܣռ䣬˲״̬
âҶǰͨٿֶҶͬʱһץâ֮ץʮɵĹ
ħ
Ǿħ͸ŴﵽµİԵϢһľӡȷǾʹõ
ಣ
һ뷽ʥ־һͨܣħֱҶ˳ӵдǧͼԼ߼һҶȣȻгԽͨĿռԼٶƣħע
¡¡
ħٶԽԽ죬̫޵ˣ߹Ŀռ׷飬ײֱ˺飿

һ˷֮ϣͻȻߺ
ݣ
ɱǰħܵвֻһ˦ռʱ飬顣
ʣһֽΪ״̬һһ㸲ǹħһʱ䲻ϱǻը
ħʵڼ̣ƾ罣޷˵κѪ⡢ھħû˼άֻҪܵвͻ᱾ܹвĹΪҶȡһʱ䡣
㣡ҳ⴮
һ߿գӿһʮɴĻ
ںϢ߶ӡͷͨΪʵҲȶλȻԾħЧٿΪҶڻЧ
ԽԽоƬ飬ħ˦ǣκνֲʮ֮һ
䡭
ħͻȻռ䣬ǧ֮ڵĿռ䣬飬ŵóơ粻Ϻˣպ˿ǧ֮⣬ǰռȻ飬κν򶼲ˣħֳҶȱܶȥ
ֿռ䶼ף
Ҷȴһں߶ǧͼߣʱ᷽ʥȾ˵־Լ־ӡҷָͨһ֣ͷһһħٶԽԽ죬Ѿһ˵պڶ
תӡ
ڴһ̣ɱһתӡͨ缰ʱ֡
췣֮⣡
һ࣬һħ֮緢
Ƶһλоħ󣬿ϧҪܵѹƣоħ𲻵á
ȴΪҶȡʱ䡣
죬Ϊ磡
ħ뱬ը֮УҶ˫һᣬ߶ߵĴͨںϣ
ٿ
ʡƬӾħΧӿԾħΪģϵںһ𣬸ħ˵ײħʹһ̤һ˦ѻķ顣
ֶ߶ǿΪعĿĲҪնɱħ󣬶Ҫסħ
ͨ壡
һͨҶнӹħҶȼӡںھħΧռ䣬ƬȻںϣΪһӵйϢĴ½ֻа׾޴

Ԫʼľ˵Ҷ˲һ½ΪһŽλԪʼ񣬸Ҫԭӵߵ㣬Ҳ޷־˳̶ȡ
ħ
ҶȼӡǴ½󣬶ڲҲڲ𶯣Һܿ˺ѺۼͨҲ޷ֵħ
ͨڳ֣ҶյͨͬʱеħԾ־ΪԴȪ
䣡䣡
ǹֱӰѴ½ħھħ׼£ݺھħıϣһֹԼѪ⣬Ȼû¾ħأԶĹ
䣡
ħܵ޲ðͨԵӷ֮Ʋɵ
죬ᣡ
ʱ˿̣ҶŴ󺹣һӡ½һ𣬻Ϊסħ
¡ħ󵱼һִ½ϧһֱ̣Ƭںϳɴ½ӡС
ԶǰҶչֳ޽У׵

Ҷڴ˿ͻȻͬǷ½
ħ
ͨΪҶȡʱ䣬ھħһ½ո¶ԴʱͱħУʱѪɡ
Ȼ޷赲ħ󳹵½ͨ嶼֮Ʒڳȫʱ֣Ѿħ
Ԫ
˶߾ȫ֮ʣҶɱſָħǰһâ
໡
ħһθовԳơĹȻ˦ǣҪҶȺɱ
ͻͻͻ
䣡
ӭӾħǵĲҶȣâ֮ͻȻɳĴԪǸոԪ촷ۡ飬޴ǲˣħͷ޴ҲһͬԪ顣


2315 
ʱһĻоһɽʼ
ħ׷ױըûΪ촷ۣڿռҲһͬԪ飬һжſռըʧӰ١
ǴԪ
Զ̣Ѿ𺳵˵֮УصһȻ鴫ǲƵ˲ǿޱȵľħɱħĻҲûУ״ʧ
һεʧ
Ǻռ׹£аѪȵǡ
ˣ
ԪռҶһץģʱžħڲϱըΧռȻڿµ״̬֮С
˶ҿռ´ﵽ߽λκһװ˺顣
ٿٿ
Լʱ䣬鶯֮Żʧռ𽥻ָħеĹǺԼѪ⣬ռʲôҲû¡

˴Ӱ£ǰڴʱҲʧɶߵľ˴߳Ƿˡ
˵Ҷȹ£ˣ
û¾ͺãħ
һһˣοһ󣬱ħ飬ŷǰǷ档
ֻʬ壬ԼһħĺǣʬһξǾˣ̫꣬⸴սռʴǵרſơԼǾԼħҲһֱȥ
ߡ
ʱҶҲѷʥȾˣӾͷųһͬʬǣڷ֮УѾ濪ʼںϡ
Ϣ䣬һϵһ߾Թ֮΢âݶ
棡
ʥʮˣͨ¡
ȻҶȶԻˣǣ֮ᣬǵʹ׷ߣߣ߳ʱҲһֻأǾǴĽ磬սɣһֱػΪʹ
ÿһλӵʹУҲһ֣߳ļԪʱӭ𣬶־۶ͬʱҲ̺˴־δȥ죬мǣҵĺᡭ
Թ֮еâԽԽ΢󻺻ʧ
ȻʧˣÿǾ𺳡
Ҷȣ֪˵ȻԴ磬ԱΧΪʹǲǿս
桭
ʮ˶ʱۿʪͱʶʧ

ͻȻؿҶȡƣһʱ޷ӦĸʱҲżᵽ

Ҷ˵˸ղһȫʲô٣ʲô
ߣȻҶ˽⣬Ǿеߡ
͵Ǻ޵ĴڣڵĽ磬һֱļԪû˾˵һжټԪҸĸᵽӴĽ翪ʼ˾Լһ˳ԤԣһаʮһԪӴĽʱһжģ͸޷޵ķ򣡡
ڻδں϶ټ䡭ƺƣ»ˣ˭֮ˣӵ޷ԤĶ
Ҷһ˾Ĵ˾𣿡
ֻд˾˾Ҳƿ񼣵ĴڣֻҸĸδΪҸĸմеߣʸ뵱ʱ׼棬׾ǵʱ񼣵ƿߣҲǵλߵ֮ҸĸֻҪ˵ĻҶǵúЩ˵
ϴȥ壬峤˾
ӦòҸĸǸĴ˾ǣҲﵽʮԪϣ
ƿߣ֮
108񼣣й񼣣ҲԼ񼣣Ĺ̫֮ڤǴ֮ǿ֮ʵԴﵽ£׷Ŵ񲽷Ҳÿһ֮ʵǰǿģÿںж೤ʱ䣬ںϵԽʵԽǿʵ˶ԣѾǰ֮Ͼǽǻõ񼣴еˣ
̫ڤѵҲ֮
ǵģ֮ϵϹŴ񣬲еܣҲ޷֪길ĸҲδᵽ̫ڤ̫ķ棡
벻ôҪǱƿصϢֵǣѵõ콣뿪ѰĶȻ󡭡
̤졭
˱˴˶ӣֻͫȼյ׳־
ڷ֮Ѱһ󣬴һЩϱҶȰѾ䣬ʱȥ
һº
ڷʱգͣƯ֮УҶȻһץݹϵĽâͻȻӿ
ˡ
ҶȡԪĪа콣һںϡ
ʱΪһϵĽâԼ֮󣬽âͻȻΪһ߳ɫ
ŰԵ콣Ϸֶ
ֵģƬ̵˼ܼ򵥣⽣ǽ𶴸Կף
龻֣
˵ͷҶ߶龻֣ɫȻҶȵĸӦϵشӶȥ
죬ҶȵĸӦһֱŻ龻ֲɢ
˵һ춯Ҷȶʱ־ϲЦݣӦˣңԶȿͼ
ͼֳҶϷѰң񶴡̫š̫ʱգƬ󷽵ңԶʱգһҶȰס
ʱգ
ɻɫ⴦ʱղǺͨҲûʲôѡ¶
ٺ٣ϴĸӦȻȥȥ֪ˣ򣬶ҶȵͼͬʱǰգȻ򽣸żٷȥ
ҪȥʱֻͨͣҪеĻٵʱң͵ĻԼǧꡣ
ŵ
ز֮ͬͨʿ󣬵ȴ֮󣬱㿪ʼͣʱһӵдĴΪš
ר̫šɽڶһ
ڼ䣬˶֮Уħսĵݣǧ괫ڼ䣬ָѾ漣
ǧ괦ڲϴ֮УʱԾ
ŽŸִ֮˻˫ֹۣͣУ꣬ǰš
Լº
һƬӵϢʱյĵŴãҶȡơзɳǰһ޴½
ʱշȥʱջǧʱ䣬˶뾡죬ͣؿʼ
־һЩͨʱգЩʱմ඼С㣬Χֻǿ
ԽԽˣ
ǧ겻ϴҶѾýӦŨҵ콣ϢȻǳâٴ

գ˳һƬϵʱա
ԭΪһ˵ʱգ֪ӵʮ½ÿһ½дʿʱҲһ硣
ҷȥһ½ĵ죬ûҲǧ֮࣬һ춼ǳ
뵺Ⱥڸ߿ٶȷУҶͻȻһָԵĵ죬֮أ


2316 ڲֹ
ߣ
͵Ȳˣȳεȥ
䣬Żƿն֣εϷҶ˫ͫȼµĻ棬ɨ죬ͻȻأ΢΢͹һɽء
ҶȸӦǽ¾ĵΧʯԼһЩϴ
Ϥ֮ʣͻȻ˵ͷһָǿǰǿʯôһѽ
ȥȻɽ֮ϣһʯʯʮɶߣȷһѽ·һز뵺졣
عҶȸΧδԵĵۼСģǸѹΧ߶
ಣ
һֱҰգ߶ޱߵƿͷŹƿƬռ䡣
ˣ
ɫգͻȻһһɹɽ·ɢȥ
ͻͻͻ
ֹĵͻȻڶӡ֮κζδݳȥҶ·ʯ׷ױʯ㿪ʼ룬ֱ䣬ֻһԲʯ¶˳ϷһСڡ
ʯڣ
ҶȼæͶС֮С
ˣ
ʯͻȻûĹâȻһŻʯʧһƬɫļʯϷ
£ΧɫʯȻѺۣŻϢҲ΢벻ɫ
Ҳµĵʱ̫ʱշһЩȻƻĽ磬ŵ״̬ŻԼûκеĺۼǽȥɣ
Ҷ˵꣬ơҲɻһͬһ£̤Ż֮С
ˣ
·ʱķ򣬽һϵĿռ䡣
ռ䲢Ǵǽ磬ǳɫʯռ䣬һȻܶ
ǣ
ոƬռˣͻȻǰȻһ𺳡
ҶǰȥҲ¶𺳱飬Ϊһ񽣵ķ棬ȻӳɫϷֱӲռ䡣
Ҷȵ㵵̾ѵǡǿƽľʯһ񽣵Ľ
̫ˣﴦ͸޷͵ĵطʵ⴦ıǽϢѾܴ߿񽣣ƺĿľĵѵƻ
翪ʼϢϸΪ񽣴£Ѱʱ񽣿϶Ϊµĵ쳣̣
ٺ٣ô࣬񽣲򵥰ңԶܸӦĽҲ콣
Ҷ磬Ƹֱӣ󲽾ռȥ
˲ϿԽǷĽʮɣӵϲ·
ʬ塭
ͻȻһ£ܲںȴǰ¶ˣǽ洦һʬ壬ŵüæֹͣ
Ҷʬ壬ԭǱ񽣴̴ţʬһɸߵĽϣ񽣵ĽѴ·ذ֮С
һĻҶĿ񽣵ӰӣֻǾʬ壬Ҷ˫ͫͷһ콣ʬΧҲһ콣ǽҶĽҪǿ򱶡
ʬӵ콣
Ҷƺʲôѵʬ塭ʬˣ磬ԪʼΪ̤ľţ𣿡
ƲƲôôţ˶֪Ļ³񽣴壬Լĵ
ǹȥ
Ҷȴʬ壬ƽϣϿʬ壬Χ콣ԽǿңȻˡ
ʬǰǳҲòţǰʬ
ʬ屻񽣴͸ţұ󸹶ˣ˶ǿ飬ʬգһòõˣҲʮӣȻѪⸯϷɫǱñȽ
Ӧ𡭡
δһȷϣͺܿ϶ΪסϢ
أ
֪˴𺳡֮ʱͻȻֻۣ󴦣һɫӡ
ɫӣҶǰӶֻ࣬ʱӣЩҲЩֵĺơ
˫üһضޣֿʬ壺ʲô⣿ôϢе񣿡
֣ѾǵһԪĴռ䣬ڶһϵսʱգÿһӶ͸ͬϢҶȼ򵥻شгָɻ
񽣡
񽣽棬һ߿ԼʮɣƵ磬Ȼնɱִ£ͻȻмϵĽģ
ʲô𣿡ҶԱߣҲģվǰһ¡ϵİ
⻹ֻһ˿˿ϢڲĽ

ظһ䣬羪̾Ĺֻ̡֮ŵȷԴڵľˣΪԶһ֮ǡ񼣡ƿߣ
ɣһЩǰһƽ
ˣȷǰ
ʱߴǿ֮һѪӳüĴϷаǿߣⰢаȻа֮˶֮٣ֻ·ͬһΪĿĲֶεľܣаħʿ˵ǵĿ꣬ǵľ䣬ȻĿУĴܣЩα׵˾ǿ̫ˣ
ʵ
ѪҡͷңĵһʶҲ밢Ǻѣżᵽ밢ǳֵܵĺѣ
𣿡
죺аһѪȷҵθڣ
һ̾ظҲԶŴ֮һʵҲ֮ǿ֮һרĽ֮ߣаħ磬˲֪˲ݵ
аĵ˼񽣣밢ѣΪƽʶң
ѪղϷ鿴Ǵڲʼӡҳ˯״̬Ȼ޷ϳ㣬ӡֻеõеĴߣܻѰѾ
ѪⷬҶȲһ˵Ҳˣ
Ӧǰɣ԰ĴڣܲջԼľпˡҰڲ˯Ȼʧȥ˸֪Ϣ֪䣬ҳ˯Ǿ飬ǲĴڣ֮ͬһĴڣѪֽһ
ǽ붴֮ǰʬ壬Լ
Ĭ֮Уˣ鶼Եúܵ䣬ͻȻžĿ̾ﲻԾ͸֣ԾԽͣΪλᱻɱΪĶ֮У
ƵҪ⿪һУֻⶴѰңҿⶴϷ磬̴طõģ˵𶴸Ҳõģǻǿҵܣ
Ҷˣҷͷ£޲鿴ʬ壬ȥжҳᷢʲôģǲһˣ


2317 صĺͫ
ֿ򶴸ȥڲࡢ󷽻෿䡣
£
أ
Ҷٴα𺳣ֻ֮šһĴڣȴһֱʬ֡
ǺɫӣȻע
ɫ⣬ָ֮ϻһöɫ䣬Ѿ䣬Ǵ͸ϵϢ
һʱźɫӣһʱǴ䣬ƺҲҪĶ
һ콾ջַʽ̳
࣬Ǿ⣬ȻʼͷŸӦɫӹȻǰɫӲ࣬Ҫ࣬Ҳܾˡ
Ѿһ߽λ񡭡Ԫʼ񾳽̤죬ﵽ߽λʵǺεȴڣϧջڰ֮£پ£Ҳ֮Ķ֣
ǾϾԶŴ۴ķ棬޷ȵģֻһǣֻУҫ۵һŰˡ
ޣʱżȻģ𣬻Ǻɫӣ϶һϵ˵ҳݣ
СԴСһ̫żˣ޲ǰΣһھǰѺɫӸ̵
ˣ
ȡ´䣬öڣȻо˵ıйҲ˵Ȼȡºɫӡ
ͷŸӦܺɫӣɫϢȫһһΪҪ
ˣħ֡ҼǵħִžǴɫӣп޵Īǡ
ħֽһĻǰʱ˿̣оɫӣħ̫ƣѵҲӵкɫĿռ
ɣһţô
˵ɫӴֻһˣʵˣֺɫӲһǿвټ
ɫҲ֪ʲôƵģ͸һĿռϢҶӵߣ޷Ӧ㡣
ڶ֮УĿǰ࣬ΪҶҪΪǰߣΪõ˵ĲִУ־Ͽɣʣɶ
ҪӦռϢռʣҶǵһˡ
ûжٷޣ´ٸ㣬˵ܴзʲôҶʱºɫӣ᲻ã̫죬֮ħ־ӵп޿ֲĿռ
ˣ
ڵ콣ΧĴ䡣

콣𣬵ӵһϢȻų⣬˲䣬һŻӴͷų
ŻֶҶȺܽش߶򣬿ʼͨ콣Ѵ粻ɣðȻ봢䣬˭֪᲻ᱻС
Լһ֮Ϊ콣ΪͨҶȺܿͰѴ󲿷Ҫ⣬ȻŷһС
ɲǼ䣬һĴռֳʯϢͬʱҶȾȻӦһƵϢĪǺɫӣ
ռУһɽʯǰȫƷƷʯԼ̺ϢʯǸıʯԼƯڰյĸκһﵽ߶ȡ
Ҳ˵ⴢռ䣬һ磬أҶڲõԴ⣬лϢıʯ֮УҶȾϲִ̺ϢıԴ֮Ҳвб޷㣬㹻ӤУ㹻ҶȰѴнµƷʡ
˵ӽڣʼԪʼ񼶱ģ󲿷ֶǻϱҺܶ඼ǻ֮еľ㹻УٿԴﵽλĵزһ󣬿ԴﵽŽλҲ˵
ö
һ࣬ƯڰգȻرˣÿһǴﵽԪʼ£ǻµı󲿷ֶǻӵͽλ߽λУаӦǴﵽµĴڣͷųϢ簢Ϣֻаһ˿˿
ô㹻Ҷһ֧ԼǿΪÿһƶף඼ҪһԪԪƶɣĲҪʱ䣬ʱԽȻԽӾˡ
һȣļǡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȷǰ֮УȻļϤϸһȻħ
ǾķÿһЩֲҶȸӦǵĲ
ھѾļҵѰҵħ
ʩչ򣬰ļħնһȻҶȱɱ֮УֱС
кüħĵ
ֱΪǵūѾﵽԪʼҪ̫ħزڤ׵ĵ
ϸһɨ֮Уһֻһ߳ĺɫСһӾͰҶעס
Сֻһ߳κ޳һΪͬ񽣣ƷҲﵽµĸ߶ȣҶΪ޷λϵƷʣСħﵽƷʵĴڣȻǻ֮еľ
ˮԪ
һģҶ׾ƽ
ܺõľ͸һɿռϢʺϵūУҵūʹõ
ְˮԪͳ䡣
ﶼڻһ鿴ҪŪܣԼ޸ӦϢ
ռȥ
գȻס˫üͫһֽ⡣
ǰƯһϷӡӡ֮оȻһ̨̨Ϸ·ܿһӰ
ˣ
ˣ
Ĵռ䣬ǱȻǲһϢĻˣǾ̫ΣˣҶͷŸӦȻһķ֣Ǽ̨ӰȻϢֻʮֵ΢Ҳһֽ˯״̬С
˭
Ϊλ䣿
һϵⲻϸ֣޷͵Ĺ컭棬һȻһʱڵǱǳԶŴսǸʱĴڡ
ƾõ£ȻҲǿߡ
鷳ˡ
һʱѣԷ˲ԽɱɱǱаƵľħ̫ˡ
ҪԴˣؼ֮ǰѾɵʧȥԷ׳봢䣬޷ر⡣
ŷ֮ǰӡ콣Ϣģ̨ϵɣѾʧȥ󲿷̨֮ϹȻһˡ
һ꣬ӵòȥӢʮָɾһ·һλߣżĺ֮УȥҲʮ߰ꡣ
Ҷȴԥ棬ΧöǺɫһʣγһӡϢȻҲһͬѵҲкɫӣ
𡭡
ڴʱ̨֮ϵ꣬ͻȻظӽվֱ˫ۣȻû飬ֻһ˫ɫͫȥͬ޾ա
˺һ񾭶ʱô£޵ϢȻڷڣѵӦӵޣҲͬϢѹ𣿡


2318 ٵľĻ
ͫȻͬʱڵĴڣʵȻޱǿҪǵ˵Ļ
д߶Ԫվڼ̨֮ϵĺͫ꣬ʱʱ̿׼ֽ֣ҲֻдԪſܿԷ
㲻𣿡
ͫû˫ͫͷ޾յĺڰҶ֮ͣʵǲ䣿
ҶȴһݿԶŴս֮ǰ䣬ѵǰ֪
ԶŴսܵˣõ֮ⴢӡлָûʮԪԻָģ
ͫȻͣһᣬ֪뵽ʲôȻйϵӵ콣ԼϢ
õ֮µ콣ǰͬϢĪޣ
ƺԽ⿪֮գҶиֿϲǰλͫ꣬й
ޣ
ԼΪȡ֣õʱ޻ʯ֮УƵһֱҵߣ֮ǰҲоһ޵ϢԭĺɫӣԼǰϢвͬ
ʯ
ͫ΢΢һ沿һֱûб飬޵ʱһĨ㵣ʵɴµ֮Уҳ޵
Ϊʣ
һ޷ĸоͻȻӶԷ֮͸Ҷ˼һᣬ޷ͨȭӵõ죬һֱ뾡취ŪϧûռκйϢĺɫӣһ˿ǰҲӵ޵ϢҲͬ𣬷·ǰ֪ɣ
˲ܴϸӦϢָֻͫĮȻ֪޵Ϊҵˣ
ˣҶ¶˾ϲ
㣬ǲǿ⴩ռ䣬ӵоܼ̣
ȫһ£
ǾˣǴܹϵһС壬Ϊ֪Щ֮Ҳ֪˺٣ͬԳΪ塯
壡
֪޵ѹҶͷʯͷʧжںͫҲͬ仹طоԾˣӹɵһ㣬ȻʵǾѪϵȻҲй
ǿ֣ǿ׷ɱ½壬Ϊֻһ˻벻кǧ磬õ⿴Ե֣ǿ塮١һƽ࣡
ͫꡰ١ҽܵȻҲ𽥽Ҷȡ
ҶȣҶӦҲԿ壬кܴĺģҪ֪ǿ嶨쳣ǿģô壿
ǿܣҲǡ١еʹ֮ǵЩҶҲ׷ȥͷ
˫һץΧ̨Լӡ󣬷׷飬ȻΪ촷ۣȫʧ

Ǽ̨ӡǿڸ߽λ񣬿ɷ˲ܻʵҶȾΪˡ
ʹı飬ƺûκθ飬Ԫ˯ƺǱģҶȣܵõߵһǾҵѣԺóƺǰּɣ
ҶȾͲˣҶס
ٵѾһҶԣ΢㽫úõĻ֮ģ֮٣ȻõӦΪİɣ
ʵΪΣΪ꣬ԪʼΪܶΪΪǿߣߵľͷÿʿеã
ֱӣȷԪʼ̤죬ϡǵôԺ磬˲֪˲ҲΪˣ⵽һЩ֮пӣɱ֮Ҳ䣬Ҳйϵǲо仰³׳𣿡
⡭
ҶЦЦҲһЩΪΰܳһԭ
ҶȣҪʽ㣬ǾŽλԪʼʿ֮У㲻ǿߣֻǱţʱ㣬𻹲Щ죿磿
ͻȻ䣬ٵһ㡣
Ҷȵش𣺡ǻԲϱǿΪĿ꣬һ̤ʿãҲκźģҲδ룬Ҷֻߵľͷȥ߷壡
׳һ˶޷˵⣺ѵ㲻һͳ磿һͳĽ磬ΪʱյĴף
Ҷǿߣֻ뿴ľͷǺεȷ羰ȨƣҶȴӷһ棬ʹŶˣѣ˶͵;
һһ̣ͻȻҶȣң䣬͸Ҫһͳ磬Ϊ֮׳־ΪŬʯ쾪Ϊϧ˵͵;δڹƺţΪﵽԼĿĶÿĿĲһעҲһڿԸ㡭
֪ǰⷬҶȸоƺҪһѪڵĺϢ
ȻȻĿڣȻǷ֮ɫʣҪҵܣʵѾӵˣ
˻ν⣿
ףҪ죬⼸ΪĿ꣬ĪаԪǶ£Ҫõܡ
Ϊηȴ˵Ѿӵнܣ
ٵΪܽ죬Ϊң仰˵Ϊҿ壬ӵޣҲӵн
ʱҶ𺳵Ŵͣѿڶܽ죬Ϊ壿
ܵõϿɣӲô벻㣿
ɱ䣬͸һݼžư·һ޷ҲеޣĿռѵ֮УȼûУҿӵдںϡɿռĽһ޴ʱգҲһޱ޼ʵĿռ䣬ҿȻݺÿһʱգǺܺõѣҰ٣һֱ죬ΪΪֻԪʼ񣬶һҪܶϵڻ̤죬ʱգұ˳ˮ飬ԸˣҲҲΪˣ
ҶҡҡͷôݣӦ÷ǳ̣û뵽޿Դ죬Ͼ߽λ޷ȥ
Ҫ죬һҪҿһҪҿһںΪ׼֮£ܽ죬ҲһģҪõ
ĪǺɫӣܽ죡
࣬ɫƣǹУ˲٣ȻҲûȥ;кܴҰģЩҲܲˣֻ뻹һˣӦһ˰ɣ
࣬࡭ֲǰɫӣ޸ӦȻԭԸȥҶһȻ
ֵϧ񣬿ҿܻŵģҲֻޣҶȣлôչȻһˣԺ͸аɣҲٳɳҪ죬˶ãһΪƺɫӣ


2319 
޸ŷ٣
뿪Լ
ҪޣоͬһӻҶȣҴʹࡣ
޴ɽ翪ʼɽ羭ͷǿн棬һδεļ裬ҶͰ޵Լһ֣δһ죬޻뿪Լ뿪ޡ
ͻȻ㣬Ҷȶ̫ͻȻˣϾ޲ˣ˵ҶȲһˣʸκҪ
æؾ㵣Ҷ̾̾Ҫͨͬ⣬Ը㣬ҲûԸң½⣡
ٵˣǻһģֻȥʥأпܼɳȥų⣬ȳȥ˵ɣ
ã٣³ȥ
õһҪģȷǸ뿪Ҳóơ׼ҲⱧС
ˣ
ӡ֮Ҷһâʧڴռ䡣
ϵ֮УâһһӰҶȱںϣ֮һԡ
ء
֪޼٣㷢ȸԾĽ
ȻҲַٵݣʱҶȷ·Ķǲģ˵ʵѾ޷ıľ棬Ҳζţ뿪ĿԽԽߣʵڲⷽȥ롣
ҵˡͽڣ
̯˫֣ĮȻӣҲ¶һЦݡ
ҶȻޣҲط٣ڷٵ˫ֿʼ˴Сڴʱ˿̣ٲȻʧɢļˡ
ಡ
ֶ٣Ƕ𺳵ɫҶ֮ǰǴк˹ϵǻǺܾ㵣ߣٻˣУҲͬһܼҵˣҲܸˡ
򣿡
޲ŷһֱȥһ֮󣬷ٲϣô᳤򣿡
ҶһͺƲ⣬ʵҲ֪ˣѵǳʱг򣿡
ҸоڵڡѪҺ
䣬ŷٷ·֮۽ǾȻһɱ⣬ƺ޸Ӧ
¾ú棬Ҳ뿴ʯʲôþѪʯ֮£ںϣǰ½⡭
ƺҶȸоٻе⣬Ҳ⣬Ͼǿˣޣӵж˼άȴѪںϣͬѹޣ֮УγһԼ衣
٣Ȼᶯŭ⡣
ǶôǿǶôĲ죬Ȼ޷Լˣᱻ˱Ѫںϡ
ء
ʱ޿Ψһ֪ҶȣԼ˫뷨ĴڣҶȡٲϵС졣
ˣ
ͻȻҡҡͷҲĴ򣬿ﶯȥ
𣿡ת壬ڰʬ壬Ȼֱǡ
ҶԵ⣬ҲŪΪζ٣Ҳ֪
ٵܽ죬Ҳܶ꣬Ȼֻ֪Źǰ԰𡭡ڰ֮£Ȼǵ̫⣬һʱ˹ͷ˰˺
ͻȻʩܲ⣬ʱֻһĿˣ԰λӦòԶְɣ
㡭ĺ᣿
һɲǣٷ·ſʼӦ֮дžȣȻĺᡭ벻ܼ㣡
С
ƺҶһˣһ򵥣ԻĿڳϣһΣԸӾȵƺǡǰǺܹϵĴڣ
ûɶͷһΣƾȻĵĵһǫ
ƣοɲ㣿
ҶȾóʲôԾĵطƽ
ưлӦϴ󣬲֪ɶԭ򣬵һۼ٣Ҿ͸оһĪĲķ氳Ҳ˵
ʵҺܸ࣬оٲ򵥣͸һݹ죬Ȼ޶ˣǾͲǵĵˣҲԴһԴĳЩطܣ
ٺ٣ת֮壬޷ƾоܿҵݣ粻ͬ̾ͱ
֮ǵСġ
ҶȻعٴδ٣ֻޣʬ壬Լ
֪оʲôҲ޷
ưҲͨͨٱƵе״̬
ʱƷ·뵽ʲôϴǱЩ֣
з֣
ҶȲ⣬˽ȻǺܲһķ֣һͬ󷽣һܶռ䣬ͼһ磬ҲǷӡ磬ͬǣӡƬ
ҶȼЩƬͳ׾ˣΪƬЩʣȻˮһģһˮԴıݣѵЩƬʣҲԴ죿
ܱý絥ӡԴ죬Ͼȥ죬õһЩڲҲ׽͡
ϸˮһʣǼٵģ󲿷ַҪ೬ԽˮʣдͼڣϧĶ޷ֱ𣬿ƺǺܲ򵥵Ĵڡ
ϧ޷ʶⶫ̾̾

ҶͻȻ񶨣Ȼ٣ⶫԴ죬٣ѣȥ죬Ӧ֪ʲôɣ
֪
ٺˬصͷʱҶȡơͬʱ
ǰ˵ʿСԴصĴڣ񼣣
˴󾪴󺧣ʲô񼣣
ʵ벻ǿ׷񼣣Ȼǰַʣ֮УྶͥԸ񼣡
Ǻʧ
ٵĿͨȴ׽˵ɫ仯ǵҺ˽⣬񼣣ǿĴڣҲ֧Ŵôһѷ棿Բԣʵǲʧֻһ޴񼣵ĲƬ
Ƭ
ѵһʧƬ
Ҳʧ𣿡
һʱ䣬ҶȡơΪⷬ׷̲ס档
ǰĮȻƺһжԣκιϵ֮ˣЩ⣬ڲ˽ˣȷ޷ش𣬵ҿԻشһЩ˵108񼣣ӵ֮󲻾ã֪ΪʲôԭЩڴԼ飬ʧδ˵Ϊλʧ񼣵ȷԽԽ٣ʣһͲˣǶ񼣵ʶǷʲôڴ񣬵Ľ֮󣬽˴죬ȻһЩδû̬ļ֧Ŵ죬ЩʾʵʵĳΣ
֮磬һַͨʽӦµͨʶʼЩʣ취;֮У񼣿ʼĳЩԶִ࣬µʣڤڤ֮͸Դµǿʼ죬Щʣγһ񼣣˵صʣԼصľɣЩʱǴΪ֮󣬾һֱڴ죬֧޴Ĵ죬Ҳ֧Ľ磡
˵֮󣬷ֿˣҶȡơ̾Ϣ֮С
񼣣
ÿʿޱصģܴӷٵ˽⵽񼣣ȻǴݵġ
ƶɵġҾͲ֪ˣÿԼȥѰң֪Ĵ඼Ǵţ˵ҲȫţֵĲһ䡣


2320 
Ȼ񼣵ķ棬ã
˵õһܣÿ˶һǰһĸоҶȵ߶ȣӡ֮С
ӡǿһֿռ󷨣񼣷ϢˣôݻҲ֮С
ٸԴʵкδ㣿
ҶȹȻȥ죡
ⶴһʱ䣬Ϊƺɫӣʵ޷͸ݣ
ɿޣȻȥ
ֻصҶȼͷʱʱӦٵĴڡ
Ҷ࣬ڰտʼͷһâƳʵϴܡ
һ£ٰѴռһһ߳ơ磬öһֱŶ䣬´κƬΡ
ԭܽ죬Լǡ壬ǰҾ;޷ǳ벻Խ죡羪Ӽͷޡ
޷·֪ԼǵҡҡСβͣСʱʱ
°ͣ죺ǿ塭һĻʵҲﵽһ⻹Ǳعƣôױ壿
ҲֵĵطһҲ㿴ˣҲΪյ壡
ţǿǿԽͣ޵õ
ϴ˵ļǣǵȷҪŷ٣˸оֵֹģǴӷ絽磬δοɱˣ
ٺôҲˣвԵĵطӦòֱӶ֣졭ʱǶҪ飬ϧںܺ񴫳У˿һͬ죬˶ʱ䣬Ǹپĺúһʱ䣬ǿ״̬죡
һ˾ͿʼԿʼУҶִóóơС
ǰİ񼣻ڣдߣ԰񽣽ԷҲԵ
ʱ˫Сƺɫлȥ

ˣ
Ҷȵ֮ڳơԺվ
֮һâзɳɫӣƺãǻҪһʱںϲ߶ҶȣԴ߶죬ЩҾǣջ֪᲻ޣһһ𣡡
ץסӣлⰢ
ûб飬νĵѰģһжǵĲƸⰢȡ߰ɣҪСˣΪ֮һֱڿưϢԶ˯ȡߣϢͷŶдߣǵģ
ಡ
õٵѣ˲ɳſҶȼͷ뿪һ̣ڷᡣ
Ϸ
ʯǰҶȡơžη֮ģӽʯ飬԰ֻ֮šͬĴڡ
㲻ǰĴߵõ˵õͷųҲǾ񣬾統ֻ֮ţɽ֮ʱ̫ʼδںֻ֮ţֻ֮ܶԿκˡ
̫ʼͨпҲֻ֮ţ״硣
ᣡ
˲֣
磬һʯ֮ϣ¡һƬ룬ӲӵĽո¶Ѹͷžŵָӡץڽ֮ϡ
ͻͻͻ
Ϸز͵һȻٿһǰֻ߶೤İУϢӡȻûϢǿһ֪ǷǷ
Ľ֮жžŰʮһʮһԪᵮǿߣֻƶٵı
಻ı簢һԼ˯Ǳǿ߷ӡͬѰ
պðȻ񷣺Ϸ֮ϣɽһģ߶ԽߣԽˣȻѹҲ쳣ֲֻл񣬻ǼٵԪʼܴﵽ۷壡
֮ͷ죬ˣ
߬˫ȭһӣĸ߿ա
ˡ
һߣپʹӿռ߳
Ȼ޵ˣһ·ǿռռϢҶǰ㾪˵ĿռӦҲδӦٵĴڡ
Ƭ̣ٵĺͫһЦֻеһӰˣͷҲãԣûңʲô
˯ô꣬ζ벻ҵˣѵõı塭ջǵʱ
پһֱ񷣬֪ܿٵĸ߶ȣƺܿ˿ģҲʲôûп
ܿĴڣ
ʱղϱޱ޼ʣ֮УҶȡơ粻Ϸϸ߿գ·ʱյĴ½Ѿ֥С־ʱУ·𿴵磬ʱ̺ǳͷŸۻҵâ
ܵԳԽԪʼ߶ȵȻѹȣѾҲκʱգ·ֻаããһƬ̧ͷ񷣬ȻһƬںڣһ磬ȻͷŸҫ۵â
Ǵ죬ǳ̫ǳĴڣӵһṩĽգ߲â
ܾˣȻ֮һѾܸ֮ϣΪĽߵʱա
ˮϢ
ʮ֮ٶԽԽֻﵽٶȣΪ߿ﵽ˵̶ȣǶԪʼܵӰ޷ݡ
ٶҶȴܸӦˮͬϢ̧ͷȻֻâҪܳʱܴﵽ졣
Ҷ벻˰꣬ڼ߲ʰ쵵Ĵ磬ʿĻн磬֡
һУоһâĻͻأ羡ͷκ̤ߵʱա
ҲڳֶΧһâ磬жٲ㣿û˵ҽͬһȻһâ覣ӦԼ޷â硣
֪â֮󣬻иӼ̵ıݣˮɣΪˮ˶޷̤죬ֻܸĺ嫡
ˡ
Ի龻ֵĸӦҶشâ֮УӦϤϢֻء硢
˵֮Щ񣬶Լڴ죬Լ׸졣
ĺ
žĸ߿УҶȡơͻȻͬʱóɫӣȻ˫ۣڴ֮ʼںϺɫ
ҶȶԣӺɫӴ̫ϤԳơȴİҪһںϡ
ޣ

ơɫںϣѴﵽƽ״̬ҶȴһǰŴâһͬʱҲȫ߶ɫӣǿĺɫâ޵һͬסâ硣
ٿٿٿ
һĻǰ٣ǴӴޣ޾ȻΪһֺ͸״𽥿â磬ȻںϽ֮Уһɫͨ
𣬾ַʽܽ죬õٵİҪҶ׵Ķࡣ
ڴʱһμžסһͬӣ̤޵֮ͨУǿƽÿڶѪȣΪϾҪ죬֤ʿá
ã


2321 
ͨоص֮С

úɫںϣâٶȲˣͬ˱ٶȣٶȶʿ˵ѧ·Ȳϡ
Ԫʼ̤죿
ǵһˣôҶȡơǵڶˣⲻֵΪΪǽٵ˲ſԽ졣
Ƿ٣
Ƶĺɫûз٣ҲԽ졣
һâ۶ԿҶȰд߶龻֣ܵϴ־̺ҲΪǡߡ֮Уֻһ˿ԸܵЩ־
ˣҶȻϲ֣־Ӧ֮󣬶ûгκų⣬ѵҲߵԭ
Ϊߣ̺־ǿߣ죿
ɲǼ䣬޴ĳ
ߣȻ߾ʲôܸӦģ޷ӦܵõԪʮϿɣǱȴܣΪʲôԼںϵޡ̫ڤҲ޷ѵЩżȻ
߰ǰȻҶ뵽һжãӵݡ
ĪԼҲʣ
һͷϯԺߣϧһİĴڣ硢Ҳ֪ʣܴӷߵ죬ǿԼŬҲһע
ΪʱͳԽڷˣ
֪֮䣬ȥ
ҶȸӦ쳣̫ԶǷٵĻѾ֮С
գâ֮Ϥˮâǰֶһ᲻ɴݵˮݣȻ
ǴĽ磬ǻɣӲȳκޡһ߶֮һͬںϽݣ
أ
ˮݳ֣ͷͬʱһ֮Уˮķ̶ȣ˿Ƕ֪ģǰһˮһƬ硣

ٴͷɫеһͬˮ֮ϣҶȴһ⣬֮ںС
ߡôҾ͸õõϿɣΪһУģ
ܲܳɹ˭ûеףϾԹǸ߽λ޷죬ֻԪʼˡ
ޣɹ˻׳־һͬڴһ̡
ˮԼҶ֮ص֮£Ȼʵʣ𽥻Ϊ˰ˮȦ
ɹˣ
޷ľͷˮݿʼûĿʱޱȼѾˮȦ֮͸

ȻһˮâͻȻΪϸߣ˰Уһ޾ƾʧˮ֮ǰ˲ָԭ
ɹˣ磬Ӵ
ٲ֪ʲôʱâ磬ƺһֱ˺󷽣˳ɹ죬΢΢һȻ¶һϲԤ٣ǸΪҶȵˣӵй֮־ˡҲӦô֡
תɳâ֮Уʧһ̣ĺͫһֱ˸һĨЦ
ˮȦ˸Ҷȡơ벻ˮݣҪ㳤ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ˮݵĺȴﵽĳ̶ȣˮݵʣĻȻһױȵĳ
еľͷǻ
Ȼ
ˮݣ˶ǺεȵĴڣܰѴˮƣͷ컯֮죬ֽĽ磬ЩȻС

羪ǰ̯˫֣ȻǻɫâʿõĽ֮У߼л죬ʵ󲿷ֶ
񣬾ԻΪԴܴﵽ
֮Ҷȿ˵׼ãѸӦΪ΢Ϣ

·һ쫷ˮȦˣ˶ӿһĿžĻҴӿռ֮б޷ѹ·һְס
ǰȻһƬȫǻâ硣
죡
˿ҶȡơǲţǾȻԪʼ̤죬ɹˡ
ȴ߿գֻƯķƬôоǷʡЩʾȻ̺һЩ𶴸Щ񼣷Ϣ
Ҷη֣ǽǺĹϷ㣬ϿҲǣ·㣬ҶȸӦϤˮϢЩ滹̺һĻ
̾硢ɽ硢綼ͬһ㣬Ƿ棬벻Ҳ
ǻ֪Ǻεȵһ磬ǲͬ磬磿һ֮ƿһʱգǵ÷߿ܿĿѸӦ֮ϢԼϢֻϢ
ϢҲӦˣ
а񼣣񼣣Ҳһ밳ͬĹϢȻԶŴ׵磡
ǻ޷һУȡӦԼȻߴ
໥ͷ֮ԭٴο棬˶ٻЩʧ
ã
ȷãǰеģɽ֪ʵֱ̫Ƿ磬ȵ
ⲻǴ죬٣ⲻʿĴ죬̫ʱգⲿǷ磬ڲȴһɹ
ϴԼȻ޷ա
֮
Ȼ޷⶯һ£Ʋüͷһ
ҶȸоӦﵽһ̶֮ѶʮˣԼū׷׻䡣
Ծ뵶ūͽλԪʼΪͻȻڴ죬ֱӱѹҶȵĿռ䣬Ӧʼ֮С
֪ǧȥ
ҶȣԼơ˵һΣоﵽȾʱ䡣
˲˼飬ǽںϵҲǼʱˣڴ죬ǧ궼޷
֮Уͨջʵֻٶ̫Ͼ߼̫С㹻߽λУοǶֻԪʼ
ҲԵúʵĽ⶯ȥҲܵҪһӦٱʵھˣѾǳ״̬޻Сһﵽָ߶ȣȻڴˮȥ硣
˲Ӧ֮ʣڴĳʱա
˾
һ޴ӰһɽԼĹϿռ䡣
Ĵ˾һϵļ̨֮ϣ˫ֳʺʮ״̬
˾ֶףǲǴм飿
˻㣬֮Ѿ죡
ɳٶ˾ˣ
Ҳоܲ죬ϢԼŶʱʱӦΪֻھŽλԪʼ񣬵Ѿ죬ֻͶʱգӦҵĴڣں֮ϣʧȥǷѵõķܶ־ʱǲ῿кҲȥԼɳ
ˣ
˾֮󣬵˫ۣת߳һʧڳĿռ


2322 ʼж
׶˷֮ϡ
Ҷȡơˡūһֱڰ֮ǿʵҪںϴķ
õϿɣſԽ߿ա
Ҷߣ죬ҶȾһֻصҵζϧ̫Ǹ߽λ񣬱ڴݺᡣ
ꡭںϡУڿﵽŽλԪʼ۷壬񣿻ԶֻҪ̤ܵҲ࣬ʱҿò˽С
ʼŽλԪʼ۷壬ֻҪﵽ񣬾ڴӦﵽһ̶ȣһ֮С
Ҷڴʵ֮ʱȴǰӿ
Զˮ
Ưڸ߿գʮӦ
ʮˣ֮ǰӦвپͷͻȻʲô·Ҳ˲ٸ֣ԼһЩ
ѾϴΣ׷ɱɵ֮Уָ㵵ʵӦﵽ߶ȣֻǴź뺣巢սΪκͷ˼
ͲˣҲŪ⣬Ҵһν̽徿ҪʲôǸϿȥ˲ʱ䣬߶
ʮ˵֮·֮С
Ӳãʹˮӵˮϵϵ֮飬Ȼˮ֮ݺᡣ
˵Ҫ־㵣һɿµĻͷӦڸǰˮԼһ־ֻһ𣬾Ȼн𡭡
ܣƫԶطһ𻹿˵Ĺȥôϰˣⷽʱղܴڵģ
ʮһʵڲš
Ȼðգ߶Դ֮£õˮԴںϡأȻ˳شˮĵʲС
ڵĴ˫ͫʼͷžƹâԼ֮֮صصȷϰԪʼҲ֮֮࣬ϣѾʮˣ
̫ǿߡʲô
ϰ񡭡Ѿʮ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ϧıԴҲһֻ֣ʮڵ֮Уעһһ
֮С
շ֮ϣƯƶڸ߿մ
һӵҫâƶ֮С
ֻ֮жʮˣмҲһλÿһȻͷŵϢ˶ģϷҲǺڲ档
мϷͻȻ֡
λԺƳˮԼر
м룬ͷһâ֮һںɫǣʱǰ
⴩ˮԼһ˾ʵ
Ϸף·˴֮ɫˮû⣬ѾʵܶΣӵִӺӣٶȶһģܵκѹƣڹֻʵһΣɵһ붼û⣬θλҪۼԦر紩صɽ磡
ԣǼƻʱԿչ
ȥɽˣӦٶȺܿ죬פ硢ɽ磬ҽĴͨЩûɣƻʱᴦݷ״̬һж׼ˣǴҶԿʼж
ЩǲżۿʸӴϷ׹浣ģͻȻ˶䵣Ƕͻƴһߣ뿪Ͳˣ
֮صܣĿǰҲֻ֪
Ϸϵ΢΢һ裺Ϣһλ罫᳹״ңǼƻҲᱻңԴԺǧҪѴ״׵Ϣ©ȥң֮ػ¸ı編˵ʱʮʧҲпܣ
ֵܷģ¾Ǵ֪ղˣ
˷׷ף֮еĽм֪Щͷеܣһһէ
˸߸ϣϴεʹߴٺϢǵڰпʼжڷ硢ɽӣʼͨһȥͿ֮ͨнӪأЩͷǧټ뾡취ҪԱ磬ƻִкܶˣӦû⣡
һ˵ȥһĿȻ
мϷȥ
ǣ
м֮󣬴һӡ
ͬʱ֮ϵˣ΢΢֣ڶʮ˲ʧ

ֻһ
ʮԼмڹϷǻٶȣһٶȡ
ಣ
֮УɳʮˣЩ˶ɱǿߡ

˶мʩ
һĻʵȤɱ˵Ǹ֪м󷽵ˣǻĴڣΪмλߣʵǿĴڣӦǾ仰ɽϻӳƴ
мŶʮͷǰγɵɽɽ֮ϣֻɽһȥأԼӵ·ǹڡ
ˣ
һںǣӽмӿӡֳ֮֮һͨмȽУҲ׷׽С
ǿռ䣬мվռ룬ʮͷվں󷽣ԵúУͫһɫĺĿ⡣
ˣ
ӡ֮ڲںɫʼûΪһְ͸״ɲǣ˶Լϵ׹ײȻ¡һڷ֮ϣֱǿƿ棬ʼ磬Ϸܿͱһʱڷ硣
Ȼʼжˡ
ʮͷ϶벻ǵĴڣȻ޷һ˫۾ڷһǡ
벻ԭм㣬һ֮УܻʿڣڶһԸһľͷǵĸӦûиӦ˫۾Ĵڡ
˫۾Ź³ǣ˫۴㣬Ȼûһ㶯
ԱͻȻ̫ʼ絽ô
˫ͫˣ칬۵ࡣ
̫ʼһֻϢŻŻֻ֮š
಻֪Ϊﵽεȸ߶ȣڹ֮УҲʮִݵһԵĻ̫ʼϢҲﵽ޵ĸ߶ȡ
䳰ֻǱɽһǣЩʲô֮δ֪Ѿ˵֮뵽ƻ֮У
̫ʼһ̾ǹ֮𣿡
ںԪĳѪӤڵңѾԽһжһļƻ֮Уƻʼı䣬ұҪںԼֻ񼣣õ񼣣֮ı졭Ҫնɱ֮ҲסΨһ취ǽ赶ɱˣ
赶ɱˣ
˵ĴھǱߣĻЩߣҲͽ磬죬Ϊ飬ҰϢ֪֮ʲô棿
Щ֮ػֶԸԼһ̫ˣ


2323 
̫ʼϷеֱ࣬ܣܴӼ꣬ﵽʵ֤Ĳܡ
ɽ硭
ֻʱ䣡
ษ·棬ֳһɹɵâ
ɽ磬ڽ¡
ͬʱҲһ棬ֱɽ嫵񷾡ͷȻʮ׷׷ɽ硣
̫ʼٶȻʵǼעǻ磿
൱תϷ㣺̫ע⣬֪һĶǻ磬̤죡
Ҫ죬𣿡
˺ܿ㣬Ż̫ʼ߶ֻ֮ţ׵غ㣬ٶȾȻǰٱ
ǳԶǿԱ⡣
Ҳ֪Ҵﵽ״̬ɲԽ졭Цݣ̫ʹٶԽԽ졣
֮ͻȻһ̫ʼ޵طɳΧأϧӦΧһʲô˶δ֣ǻΪǷͨ
̫ʼ䳰ЦЦ󣬵ȥ
ֻ֮ţռ䣡
׸߿գ̫ʼͻȻ߶һŻâڣҪʼʩչֻ֮ŵ
ŻâѶ˰ȻղˣϢ
ʱŻâڰ֮еǣϵٶ̫ˣһ޸߿ա
֮
ˣ
ŻâͻȻֶϷȻǴâ磬Ҳ̫ʼŻ֮߳಻޵ֻ֮ںٶȻ㲻Ҳֻںʮ֮һҲֻͷֻ֮ʮ֮һܴ߶һ죬ҲֻҪһˣ
̫ʼæ͸𾴣н죬ȫЯʶûйĻۣڻֻһͨˣ
൭Цֻߣֻǲ֣պ㣬ֻǰɳٶȼӿˣûң㽫Ҳﵽ˸߶ȣ
ûйİԼĳɳٶȣͱħԼҶСɱн졭ᵽˡˣƺǲ֪Ƕ˵Ϣ
ţϴȥֻۣӦۡϢȷδӦҶȡħλãѾΪȥɽ磬棬ﵽԪʼҲѾԶԶ˦ں󷽣Ķ֣һ죬þͻõֻ񼣣Լ񼣣Զ޷󼰵ĴڣҪסħҶЩѾûʸΪĶ֣
ǣ¼סˣ
̫ʼһ˫֮ͫǲм䳰ɽһУȷѳΪȥѾǿԼԦֻ֮ŵǿߡ
ʱ˿̣עڴâ֮ϡ
ϴںѪӤ̤֮񣬺һֲĴͻƵλ񡭡λǲܽģҪ޷ƵĹأ
һΪһת׼ĿǰѾһգҪڶʱøǿֻ̤죬Ȼһں񼣣ٴֻ֮ںϲֻһﵽ֮Ϊǲܣ
˼һᣬ֮ͫһֱմֵɫ
ѳΪʿ֮УΨһһλӽߵĴڣӵ֮֮ܲƿأ졭
ԭߣһΪ˽졣
ľˮ⣬ǬںϣԴΪԴΪҹ棡
˫ִӡͬʱ̫ʼഢ䣬໯ΪһƬââںϡ
֨֨
â磬жٷӡжͨףǻ֮ǻһ֡
Ѫͨ࣬·ĸ׵Ļ˫֣ǰâͻȻںϣʹ׵شһâ
ʱʱûΪâûΪɫɳ֮ںϽˮݡ
ݣ֪㵲סǿߵĲ
ˮ֮ǰ¶Щɫ
ˮݲͬΧâ󣬴âЩܣҪˮݳ𣬴δеڶ˳ɹ
̫Ͼ
˫ͻȻֿɲǴ˫룬¶һϵ񾵣һΪĿ꣬ʱҺ֮Эǲҽ졭һҶǳǱȻҵѪӤӶͨͨںϣһںһ񼣣Ϊδйͬʱӵ񼣵֮
ҴﵽưҰģ಻ɵӣ࣬ں֮󣬶նɱӶõյ񼣣ӶӵЦ磬ݺĽ磡

Цһִһӡ̫Ͼ֮УطɳһӰֶĴӣξ
ξһ̣âۣںڳ΢΢ﶯɽʱĮʳ˼̻ģ
๪״ˣ
¶еЦݣȫ̫Ͼںϣ񼣵һ֮һʯʶΪľһѪʶò׳ɳ죬ҸŮ֣սıݣΪػ񼣣
߾ȫ״ɴԸξоǺʶĿܣ˵ʲôʲôΨǴӺ
Ǻǡ
ʱԵЦõ񼣵һɽһ򣬴֪ʯǻ֮ٵ֮һҲǴʣʶǵһߣҲǽ񼣵ϴڣʯϢڴ֮Уʯں֮ݣо԰յģ
ˡ
ξͬʱһâξ֮зɳ⣬ǿʢâ
ˮݽӴʱʱһ𵴣ܿˮݾͬâϢȻ𽥵ںâ
ɹˣ
ȭͷ߬֨֨죬۽ǣȻʪУҲУ࣬ٸԪ֮ǰһһˣڷ֮Уһϣһֻӵаķˣһּ֮ͨ·̤ɵ硭һδﵽĿ꣬һˣ

ɲǼ䣬ξںϵâˮһϡĹȦûξһ̤С

һӱù϶棡
໹ûüһ׷ѰãͻȻͱԴĸ߼ԼѹըһԵξҲˡ
ξȻʵ࣬þҪ顣
༱æ֣ξʱʧص̫Ͼ֮С

̫ˣȻߣϾʣҲûĴڣλҲֵסѹȣһʱ䣬Ȼϧȼ߶֮
âʼȼգУ֮ΧԴĻӿ
յĻԽ֮࣬ȼԽֱʧ˿ɫʹ࣬ѹ൱ʹࡣ
ʣӵԶŴܵĴУ
ϧߣҲ֮ˣӲ塭統ΨпԼǿ
֮ü¶һɵЦ⡣


2324 
ϦǺꣿ
Ͷ˷磬ʮˡūҪҶÿռ䱣ǣΪͨʱںϣǵѿӦѹ
Ҷȡơһһ
Ҷ˫һ˫üָ֮һ㣬Ҷһᵽʱʿк塣
ʮ꣡
첻֪Ȼȥʮꡣ
ʲô֣ҲԳơ˵ʮ궼ʲôЩ񣬾ʥҲֹʮꡣ
Ҷȶԣ涼δʮ꣬ʱ䣬죬һС취򣬴İأʮ꣬ԶԶ
ΪʵѴﵽŽλԪʼ۷塭񣬻ҪѰһأͻơ
ӳ磬ʮΪҲѾﵽŽλԪʼڶרİء
ʮꡭʥôˣںǷںϺĴУǷսʦλ
֮ǰ𣬵Ǵʱ˿Ϊʮȥʼ뵽ܶ࣬Щ˼˲øӡ
ҪĿ꣬ͻƻ
һ̤ʵﵽλ߶ȣؼҲᷢɱ䣬ҲڿԷޡڰľͨͨҽһ÷ٴ̤죬ʵȻȥѰҹ񼣣Լ񼣣ֻҲõ
Ϊ˸취Ҷһķˮݡ
ڴ֮еٶȣԴﵽ߶ȣٶڴʲôٶȣ°꣬޷ȥ񷡣
ˮݣ
ޣοԼܲͨˮݡ
Ӽ̱ݣɸоԼСޱȣˣȻǸɵҶȡ
ץڵˮˮڳѾ̫һںϣߣߡ
ͷ֮ߣ޷ӦкֻȻ״̬߶̫֮һȻעеˮ֮УؽˮˮݿʼӴ
ˡ
ͬʣ߽ӴһʱͬϢĹҶһƶˮ̫֮һʼˮݡ
ɲǼ䣬һ޷ˮݴݶҶȸоԼͬˣܿˮȻʼˮ֮Уһ̫֮һҲֲС
ǡʱҶŸˮ֮УΪܵһų⡢ѹȻ֣ˮ֮ûܵκų⣬ˮϵشݣͬʱ·Χ춯ϧ޷ӵߣҲ޷Щ
ˡ
֮ŹϻʧҶȱһˮȦˮ뿪ٴ֮С
תһһţҶȶ벻һ뿪죬˳
ߵĻ뿪죬Ȼʮڴ֮ںϷֲϵӦǴ־Ͽңûްǲ뿪ģ
룬ž·ա
ǧͼϴڼʱգܿܿһ½
ҵһԹϣûнǿͷĴ½̫¯ʼ
ʮ˴죬촦ǻˮݡֽ綼ǻʣԪʼֻԦ̤񣡡
ҶȻڴһһΣȻȫн֮УȻ̫һҲӿС
һ˿˿ϢҲ֮֡
ȫϵ֮ᣬԪͬһأʼӤҲͷ֮
Ȼһƽ٣Ҷֿʼ׼ҴռԴ֮УóƷʯ֮ͨȼգҿʼ취̳
ϴ̤Ԫʼ񣬾Ϊ̳˳أԻ٣Ҳ̳֮
κⷢ
ǧ֮󣬷̳ڽɣҶȳһʱڵԪѾɣƾſԴԪںϣӡԴ֮ɢһſԴʼ˵
ҲʼſԴ֮ҶȵĸںԪӡʧԴһɢҪʱܡ
䡫
ڱһ֮ſԴӡʧԴһſŷըһδαըҶȼҪѪ
ſԴʧʣµֻҶһ
ҶӡʧӡֶָһŴϵذ磬ʼһԴΡ
ʱӤԴѪ֮УһͬҶȼԴ
һغӡͬһһߣһ𣬾εص֮ӡγһߴǻԴĳΣΣҪɹʮ١
Ҷֹͣӡͷڷӡʱ֮ϳִĽƣϱӿڹ
֮󣬽ƾ͸Ƕ׵硢籩ɷͳͳбߣںһʱ˺ڰѪ߰ߣͬħҪ˼䡣
ҶȷɳƯա
ͬʱԶ½Χʿ뿪ļ˿ֲش٣֪ؽһǰδеĴ٣׷뿪½
߳߳
ٿʼ͵һһ·̳ͬһƿռ䣬׹֮ʱҶͷ
벻һٴﵽֲֿزҶҲҴ⣬һĳ׹֮ײڰգռʱ˺ѣﵽʮ𽥳Խ׹֮УϢʼѹ
֨֨
֪һټʧһִ̣֮У׹֮С
ٹȻͬ죬дͬĵطٲ˴Ϣᣬһ£ڶپͽˡ
޽
ͻȻѸͣҶҲȫӡ֮ʣ޽ӵڶΧ̳׹֮в£;һ޽飬޽ӿ׹֮оҶͷʮ״ʱٶȲ
ͻͻͻ
һΣҶȷ·׼̧ͷһڵڶٻδʧʹӽ֮н١
ⲻ׹֮УǷ籩
һط籩ÿһط籩֮жת׹֮УǵһڶںγɵĿֲڡ
ռƬС
ʱٲϽ٣Χʮռ䣬һӴﵽϿֲռƬʼֳκ˶ԣռƬǿֲģ޷սĴڣƫƫҶϲЩƬ
˭ߣӵмԦռ
ͻͻ
Сʩչ֮£һռƬײط籩ڲ׹֮ΰѿռƬиС顣
ˣдĿռƬ٣һһ飬һƬһƬ;׹ٶͣ

񷣬ĵٹⲻǷ籩غ١
غ٣ÿһ֮жǧơһɴСٱ飬뵱ʯٽЩ֮ͬ
ȻǺƬҶѾûƣԼĿռ߶СѴռƬŲƣײֹغ٣һʱײ˳ʼϯ磬֮лصԶ½÷·֮ҡ
ͬʱռһչΪռƬײһδײ˵ײƣռ䲻죬ռƬЩ˳ɡ


2325 ɾͲ
߶СǳԲ
Ƭײ
Ҷȶͷһ麹پԲʼ̫¯Լܷ̳֮
̳Լ̫¯ʱҪá
ƣӭ˵ͬʱѱѹʱٴϿս٣һ
֮
ʩչСƿռƬͷų֮һһɹɻȼյĻ棬סͬʱһСƶĿռƬҲʼ𲻶Ϻѹ
ֽ״̬£ءءٶоյĶɹ̳󲿷һգʵǾˣ̳һ߽λ̫¯еҶȼλ޷漣
ƣҶȴƬиΪڰ˵ھŵپҪ٣Ҳ֮Ϊǿġ
ڵڰ˵ٻδ٣ҶȿʼʩչԪʼ񲻷ͨ컯֮
ˡ
ΧռƬԼ·½ʣϵϷںϣȻγһʿռ飬Լǧ֮񣬸˸оҶ˲Ϣѵһ½
Ǿƾʰ飬Եסڰ˵٣
ȻܣҶֿʼ߶ͨһ飬һһ顣
ʱڰ˵ٽٶ
շ·˺һɹɺưһһ£һ˵١
ƺû֮ϸðһף̺֮븯ʴ࣬ΪһռƬպſռ֮ƶǡñһ
һ£Ƭͱˡ
ռ䱾ޱȼ̵ģں֮£ͱɡ
䣡
һغٿʼҶֱһӣһʰ飬ʼײ٣ײγɵƻ֮ӾˣҰ֮Ƭõģ֪Ʊɡ
ҶȲϴ߶ͷŴͨ飬ϵس٣˫ģ鲻飬һҲСҶ·ķ̳ԼѾʣκ
Ҫ֪ôİ飬ҪԿѹǶôףҶȾˣҲܲסģٵȷ£ףΪʿֻмٵˣԳΪ
ҶڰգֲĻ֮ʣԶƲ֮Уȴ˫̰Ŀ⣬ա
Ѫˡ
лعЦ˿²׶ɹ٣һʧܣ飬ԪʧµһУֵܵģ
һ˵ƣ˵˾˵٣ѾڶԿڰ˵٣пܶɹ٣ΪҲ֪Ǻˣ˲
ٺ٣ɽٳɹãʱȻƣѣǸպÿԳ֣ѹõеܣ˵ȷǲߣ벻ֵ
ԭǿߣΪҶȶ
֮Уʿɽٶ֮أǵı˿ӣʱ򣬱˴Ӱɱ͵Ϯ
ʿ䡣
ѪˣǱٶڵȴᣬҶȶɽʧܣǳɹǶõһС
죡
ϵĵڰ˵ٲȻкƲϱ
֪ھŵ١ǺεȵĴڡ
񷣬Ҷڵȴһ̵һأܳΪֻҪͨһͿˡ

ڴ֮£֮Уһ֮⡣
Ҷȿ°ͶˣΪֶ֮оȻһӰ
ôܣǶɽʱǰ࣬ǵڰءھȫһǵھأô٣
֣֣СԵ٣ǼҪֲ޷ͣǿĿռ䶼ˣǶԿռ֣Ҳ޷˴״̬
٣Ǵδ˵ģСܣ̫ˣǰնɱһжǵģ
ԶѪƻѾȲҪǰҶնɱõҶȵһС
٣֣
Ҷ룬ʼ߶øͨԼӾҲһЩ񵤡
ಣ
һӰͻȻֻ˲䣬ʹҶȺһĳһˣҰѿռץ֮УһͬҶȺ
ֱǿռͨ
޷ܣҶֻҧһȭȥ
һһȭռʱըҶ˺ӰҲ˺󣬵ʧ
ֻǲҶȺᣬڶӰѾҶұ𣬾Ȼһâ
ǡ֮
һ벻ΪӰ̺֮Ҳ߶ڵӤȫϣӰͬʱͷâײһ
ۣ
Ҷȱײ³һѪȻӰȻһιҶȲѴ߶ԼֶΣģʵһı
ԾһȭӰ
ԷҲһȭһӰ׻飬ӰҲٶһΣȻͷųֻϢǿռϢȻϢֻϢѵ٣̺һĴڣ⵽ʲô٣
ʵһıɻֻϢӰֻ֣֮ӰͱҶ顣
̺ϢӰϢӰ
ŵӰǰߵӰҶһһ飬ȫ״̬֮£ѾĵϢҲڲȲ֮£Ҷֳ״߶ѪԼʮٵʼϧȼӶ߶ġ
ϷʣӰһ˻û٣ֻγɵӡ
ǡ
Էո׼߶ҶȾ𺳷֣ԷȻ̺Ϣ
ѵǹ֮־
ǹ֮ӵе񣬱ȻзӦҶԷϢǴ
컯ȭ
ͻȻ䣬ӰˣǱ۵âȻȭȻһɻںϵȭ壬ȭ컯ȭȻ֮ͬ
ɶ룬ҶҲ߶컯ȭһȭȥ
ȭͷײһʱҶȸоԷһɽԼҲһɽǳԷĴڣ¡һһȭͰѶԷ顣
ಣ
һӰֶҶȼԷϢʱһξˣΪԷӵеϢϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
ô£
ҧʣһ֮£ҶȫȼģԷҲȻҲʵ

ƶƣƶƣײһ֮˫Ҳռײһ𣬽һΣҶȸоĲǴɽԷһƬ޷ƣͬԷҲ޷Ҷѹȥ
˫
ҶȼջͻȻ˫üһᣬָݺһץͷеѶԷ˲ץ顣
ϲ㺢ӡ
Ӱ飬޵ӶԷֻǸոӰͳײˡ
ڴʱ֮УͻȻһԪ
Ԫ󲿷ֶǻҶһ̱ʧȥķ̳֮ϣԪϯʱʱӵһ־úصĳ֮Уɴ񵤣ʼӿһЩ
Ԫ˾Ȼɹˣ˵֮еԪ˵һʣ׬ˣղСӶɽѾֻʣһλֵܣֵܻˣɲܴ
ԶգѪˣȻʼҶȿÿ϶¶̰Цݡ


2326 컯ȭʮʽ
ƽҶڳɾͲ񡭡
ԪҲͬʱʼƵӡһߴСԴʼᣬ΢΢Сһδת֮ԴʧΪһ¶ȻâԴ
һԴʱٶ֣ʱλֵܣҪ»ڣƳܣ˲򵥣һնɱԪҲʧģ
Ѫ˲ϱƽȻѡҶʱ֣ڴʿ˵쳣֮
ޡ
Ԫʧžıըڵ⣬ÿһϸ١飬ͻȻʹҶ˶
ʱѾʧҶ߶ߣֻ͸ӦʮﾹȻﵽĽλǿߣϢϱƽ
Ȼûоʿ磬ȴʱÿʿ˲ڽ£˵ĶȻΪǿߡ
˴ˣҶɽ٣뵽вʿ֣ᷢǵĿӣȻûж֮߿бޣڵȻʩչ
ҶȰЦޣҪǿٳ֣͸㵱Ӫײͣ
ĴС쳣˷ܡ
飬ûǧʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǲɣ
ҶɱҪʱ飬Ԫʼʣﵽ߶ȣһλӵи߽λӲȣ˿ɱȣҲС
֮󣬺󷽰״Ѫ¶ɱ⣬ڽӡ֮УʱնɱҶõʱ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬Ҫ֮ʣҶͻȻӦһϤİϢΧȻ
ڵĸӦ֮ǰ߰ٱֹֻҪƬʱգй쳣й˽Ϣһ־ͻᱻӦδȷ˭ͷϵޣȻԵüĺܣʼСβ͡
ǡ٣
ٴθӦ޵ı֣ҶȾȷ˭
٣һԿĴڣʵ޴ﵽһ޷ĸ߶ȡ
£ԪʼΪ̤졣
ɱ
ѪˣҶȲʱͻȻأӺڰ֮ɱ˶ħ
ƺҶȲδ֡
ಣ
ۿҪҶΧһӰͻأ֣һۣһǹ۵ķ١
˼ٳ֣ɱӾˣһ˲мֺȵѵ
ͣ
ո˵꣬ӴͻȻһߣͷȻӲϷ롣
⡭
Ա֣𺳡ֿͬͷ£ѪӲӱ·Ѫꡣ
͡
ֵǣһ仰Ҳû˵Ҳδһ£ֻǺ֮ͫеĿ⣬΢΢طǿͷ¡
ǿǿĽλǿߣһ棬ȫγ֣ͰնɱֶΣٵж
ɱˣ˭ɱҶȴδնɱǿУɱס򵥡
໹磬ܻЩ֮ҶȣҸոȥѰػӦϢһ벻˼ʱúͻƣΧΪ㻤
˲ɱǿߵķ٣ֻǵɨһҶȣȻû˿飬ֻ˫ſ޾Ļ֮С
л
Ҷ֮󣬼ʼʹ࣬ڷѾʧҶȻǸӦ޵ϢѾƬʱշǳңԶ
Ȼ޵ˣҶҲδ޻ʲô⣬Ҳ̫С뿪һϾ˵ףǲˣֻһˡ
ǧꡭ
ǧ굯ָ
Ҷ˵ʱѾú壬ʹ֮УÿһѪ顣
𽥵ģ˳ƽϢδȫʧѾӭ飬֮ʼȡʹ࣬óʯɣʯƷ̳Ҷڵһ޴̳˲ɴƷʯɡ
ʧ鿪ʼ
ƺûһеֻϢһڵѪ⡢ǻ
ǰõٴ䣬Ĵ䣬ͨһѰңҶҳ˵ıּûıҪǱԴҶҪԴԼбԴ
ҺãЩѰʿ˵ʮϧı˵ȴ׵õҳбҶȿʼбʱٶѾܾˣ߼ＸˣҪ֪ǰͨҪʱ䡣
ӤٶҪǧңҶȿʼбҪΪȫԼӤѪ
ҪѪռһ롣
ʵѾˣͻƳɹһ̣ȫѪѾռݽԶԶʣٱϣҲҶȾûжٵĲ࣬Ѿϱƽߡ
ǧȥ
ųһ룬ҶҪӿʱ䣬ȫʵͨ彻֮С
ˣ
ո䣬ԪʼֻͫһĿʼӿԪ
Ӷ¶ҶС
컯ȭʮʽ죡
ںģ컯ȭһʽġ
ͨĶںϣҶѾʮʽľ裬ӵһʽھʽ죬Ŵȭںǵʮʽ졣
컯ȭǻ𣬶ǵ죬ϣ
Ҳǹ֮յ
ʱ˿̣ҶҲڿԸӦڲռ䣬Ȼܴʵ̫ռ󷨣ÿһ󷨾һռ䣬Ŀռ䣬ռ䡣
Щ󷨿ռ֮УҶ˾ϲķ֡
·̤񣬾Ŀմ򿪣ǰֻиıʱ䷨һطڸӦ֮£󷨿ռ֮УȻµĲƸ
Ƹ
ԶµĲƸжྪˣ
֮ͬȴڵ̫ڤڵʮ˲ӵеĲƸӦҲܾ˲Ŷԡ
Ӧ֮һٶռǸ˵ı̫ˣʯؼͳͳС
ˮһʣҲһռڼٵһЩ
ҲƸ
ͻȻҶȲٸӦʣµĿռ䣬ΪͻȻ뵽ʲôĿ֮дһݲ޵ĴߣҲ競ҵģҪ־һӷ̤ãֻЩƸ߶ԶЩƸģδģ磬ÿһʿ
һ̣ҶȸоԼľһ޷ѱ䡣
ȫ֪ȫܣܣ綼ģǳ֣֮ĴµĲƸȲ־Ϊ־Ҷȴʱһ֣ȫ¶ʶ
ص̫ҵҶȾ¿ʼ̫Щڣ˫̫ͫ⡣
̫֮ȫ̫⣬֮޼˻Ҳʱֹ޲̫Ҳߣǲ
̫Զ𵤣̫һںϣԼʮͳͳںһ
ﵮ֮ǰʲôûС
־磬ʵںϣ絮忪ʼţӶ磬ʿ֮УҪͨУﵽ۷壬Ҳںϣһ磬һԶ޷Ĵڡ


2327 ѹ
ҶȶԣĿǰߣ
̫⡢޼˻סʮֹ̫һҪʱΪ
һΪߣҶһη˱仯ߵĻôΪӵʵĴڡ
ʣǶᡢɶʡ
ֻߡߡͨ塢壬ߣҲѪԼУ˵¸ʲӵߣ̫ʼֻߣҶսֻͨ棬ԶԶ
ʲô֪ߵᣬΪߣΪֶһݵ̡
֮У֪ȥʮꡣ
֮ҶȿʼͨĴͨǻԴ߶ڰľͨ
ӤҲڼбӤٶѾﵽԪʼͽλ״̬ٶѾܾˡ
ھаҶȲŻصȻա
ͨص䣬ΪǧͼнƷʣԻΪҶȽʵҲõ˵Ƕɽ֮ԪǴԻԼ޷õԡ֮ΪнҶȾѪںϣѪ֮ҲѪԼص
ԻںҶȾѪ֮ڲϱ仯Ԧн֮еĴʵѾﵽλ
黹δҶʲôǾھ֮УĻصĸϣЩṹʿҪʿǿҲһںϣտԳԽأͬǰ㣬ؽʱա
ȥɣҶڵٷ֮һڲոԴٶȸо̫УҪǿʿһЩ鱦
ĸо֪ڵң컯ﵽεȸ߶ȣ
վȻ·ΧգֻʲôûС
߶ȻԹΪ磬һ㡣
ٿٿ
֮УʱȻƾոִʣܿγɴ½Ҵ½ӣҶؿ֮и硢ꡢס磬ԪϣټߣҶȵѾǵͽλܿȵġ
Լ㣡һ޴Ĵ½ȻƯա
ƯǴˮ֮ϣ˵½ʵѾﵽʱ״̬Ҵ½֮ϲǹͺͺģֻҶȼһɽ΢΢һЦľϵ֮˲ں֮е
գۼ䣬ѿʼӵðͳΪγïʢɭ֡
ֻܵһ壬޷ʶֻдﵽ£ͬ񣬵࣬߼
㹻ˣʵѳԽԪʼҲҶǰģ֮䣬Ե½塣
һصҲΪʥأԼʿ׾ٵһʥء
Ӧޡ
ֻ֮Ҷ̧ͷһ߿֮ͻȻһƬŤӰȻͻأش߳ͬʱѾҶȶڻﲻͣذСβ͡
뿪Ҷȼ꣬ƺβδжٱ仯ҶȸоڲƺЩı仯ϧʵȻ޷޹ͨ治֪޵жֲ
޵س֣ϲΪǿߣҲллһͬ˹䣡
ޡ
֮Ҷȱһʵ΢Цޣȥ壬Լȥȥ
ء
֪޼æͷ
٣㿴޼ȻԸһʱ޷뿪ҡ޻ޣҶһȣȻҵˣҶѪݣʲôʱǶ޷ֿġ
ٿһ޺ûжɫڵѡҲأҲû£ҲҪڶ飬ʱҾһȥ翴
ء
Ե쳣˷ܡ
޼ҶȵˣҲѷٵˣһ뿪
Ȼ޶ͬˣҶĻʲôлЩԷԵ̫أҴ̫ǿ󣬲ò
²˳٣Ҷ̫֪纺뺣Ľ߶ǧͼŷһͬȥҲδҶȽǳâ֮С
ﵽ񣬴ǧͼٶҲʮܿ͵ţֹʮ꣬Ϳɽʱա
ɽҶȿɲ·Ҫȥһ̫ţ
걻׷ɱһĻԶǵã޲ʲô֮ԼסˣΪҲʿһ壬ΪҶڸոͻƻҪ
Ȼǵһѡ
ɽ̫ŵϢ
ɲǼ䣬ǳâӿգҶٳڳգֻصٵĻ˯С
ֻǸӦϢԼһɨҶȾ˫֣ɽ̫ţʱնѳΪ̫Ųҵ
Ŀ̫ŵӴʱգһЩ½֮ϣٻԪʼ֮Уֽͨӡ޲½ǳأȻ̫ڿʼؽƬʱա
ʱ֮
ҶȾȻѴɽʱգ̫ţոƬʱյϢҶȾ͸Ӧǰ޷ӦϢɴ΢Ϣ
̫֮ڣȥ޵оͷ
ʱҶȣȻһλ񣬵ٶѾﵽ߽λ񣬱ٶȣһ߽λκβû˿ţӦϢ
ʮϢҶٳ̫ŵϿա
Ȼ̫⻹ҶȵһμŵƯڸ߿֮Уȫһ󷨣ںϣλҲ޷ŵ
һֱûһ֣ҶҪʲô̬Ҷǰֳһ޵оͷơ
ſɲһһʵһľްԡ
ˡ
߶ɷںϼŵѱҶںϣٽ磬Ȼһڲ嫡硣
ˡ
һκڲ綼޷赲ҶȵĴͨԼٶȣϢʮڷ٣ҶѣҲϢҷٲÿأϢһֱ޵ģҶȵӰӡ
һڲ֮ϣҶȸȥӦ֮һɽɽ룬ڱչС
߶һˣ磬ϵľɽ֮ϣһϢɽ֮С
ԭ֮
һֱֳĬķ٣ʱҶںɽ壬΢΢˵һ仰
ҶûӦѪȣΪ벻ڵ֮Ҳﵽһ߶ȣӵʮ֮һĸ߶ȣϵӦҶȲ࣬ϵơ
ǧɽڣһͨĶѨռ䣬һʯʯԴԼϵķ̳֮ϣбС
ΧƯһٶָ߼ϵԴÿһϢҲﵽ˵ĸ߽λز
йȣС
˱ͻȻ仺һƣ΢΢ſָһƬâ
ȻâͻȻ˷̳Χγɰ֮ƣȻͻأرģ̳Լˣգ۾ƾʧ


2328 纺
ˡ
뷨̳ʧ֮ҶֳΧ˿κһ׷׶ߣйصıɶϵб
ټҶ˾ֱӣ֮ͫзЩɫ
ѨбﶼҶȾһգͷŸӦһЦȻˣ̫ŵĵ̣Ҳһߣ
ܿ죬ҶȾ粻Զһ͸鱦ϢĿռ䡣
߶ǧͼһ߳գǰһռ䡣
翴Դеĵط˵̣ҽ߽֮λ־أֻϢ
ҶҪ֮ʣٵĺͫӿһɺơ
ɺռ磬˲ͳһտҲͨ
ѵǷ٣ǿֲĴ
ҶȣҪ㹦򣬲ܽУҲ̫ɣǶ˵һӾˣѵҶٵĲ࣬˵֮
һ룬һͬʱҲڴ޽ĸ߶ȡ
ٵİҶȵףʾ̤֮֮ͨУʱһ
֮ûκ̫ŵӣÿһжֻ𱦿ߣʸԼ󷨡
Щ󷨶Ҷ˵׶ˣ߶֮ͨͷСһڵʣ׷תƽ֮Ужٱڵץʱ䣬һǿ߽ɲ뱩¶Լ̫ΪС
Ҫſ⣬Ϊﵽλ񣬲һ֮ް
죡
ʮڵı׷׶Ҷ֮Уڶʱ̶ֳȣҶҲ޵߲Լ޷ڼ֮ġ
ٴʱȻ¶һĨЦݣ֪ΪζЦæ׼뿪ҶȣΪٶ
ಣ
ٵ˲뿪ռ䣬֮˳뿪̫ŵ
Ưڸ߿գʱһȺŵӣѹʮɽӣŵȥһĻҶ겻ѣɽһͷ˭뵽֮ڣ
һеĵߣԪҶȡĪаֲϵʵأܡ
ԪԤɽһĻԲٴ콣⡣
̫Ŵﵽ壬ҶǻҲҪʱ䣬̫Żص̫ʱգֻҪʮҡ
ҶڻЩжˣֶۡն졢̫顢۵ˣǳֻ֣ͥȡֶΣҪȥҲڡ
þʥصѹظ纺ӺŻ
ʱίȫֱӴ˱ɡ
ǧͼ崩ȥ겻ϵش󣬴ǧͼǿռ䷨һδδ󶼴ﵽ˵ľ룬ټǧͼ괩ٶȣɫҲ΢΢仯ÿҶȵٶҲһס
⴩֮УҶͨ尵нתƽ䣬ȻһҪʼ̫ŵԴжḻ
֮С
̫ҵһ̳磬Ưڴ֮У˲վڷ̳֮УҶһ̣һֱ֪˺¡
һ㣬ѱѹƿء
ʶ𣿡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȳ̫ҵı֮ϣԵ˽ֵģ֣תʱ¶޷ŵĿ⣬ϳҶȡ
ҶֻûģȻ̫ѸɽȻ뾡취ɽŪĪаݡԼ
ڱ֮ϵҶȣЦˣҲѹ̫ŵı⣬Ҳȫȡ
벻Ҷǿ˫Ŀŭ𣬲ȼգҶȡϴΣնɱžͷ콣
ңΣҺܺ棬ӦôɽҵҲ֪ĹϵµһڱΪΪβȥԸң
һжǲ²ˣ̫бɲɽԱȼģ֪ΪʱҲ޷Ը㣬Ҷȣⲻ˶ãʼղŹ㣬Ը㣡

Цʲô
ˣҾǰϢţĵѹֶȡеԴѵһ鷳ŻûѱҲڽ£ˣӦǧȥ鷳³ɽһ
㡭
һϹŶ磬ŵػߣȻڽ죬һУһ
ɫҶԼʵҲЩʵʮ꣬˭֪Ϊ˳ɾ͡
ЦΪѴﵽλ۷壬ʱ۷֮޷նɱж߽λ񣿶ҵĳɳٶҲˣʮ֮ǰǰһ΢Ĵڣʮ֮ѳΪ㲻Ҫϣܶ㣬ʲôҲûѡ񣬳Ƕҳ˽ˣͰţԸһ԰ɣ
˲ĵķЦ㵹ϷĻ׳棡
ҾҪ㣬Ҳ֪ߵĴڣҲǣҪҵӤᣡɣ
ҶȽӡǰһâӰ
Ӥ
˶һжĪģӤʱ̾㡢㡢㾹Ȼ壿⡢Ϸ嶼Ҫǿٱôܣ֮ںϵ߶ȣֻ֮꣬ϵΪǿޣ
Ӥϵ壬ɣһɱʱˣ
һ龻ͻȻѹϷգʼתΧӤӡ֮徹ȻʧΪһƬʵʵâŻ龻֣ռ˵ķ̳ռ䡣
ΪϷһУͷֻΪ£
˱â׸ǣ˻֮󣬳û˶
磡
Ѫʼӿһϵ壬߶ٸԪ֮ӤȻ췭ظı仯
ǳâ֮УԦǧͼҶȣӦӤѪʼߣ𽥷
һȻһκ¶ںģ㷢ҶϢЩ仯Ҳ޷Ƿݺ档
纵Ϣ
ָʮȥ
ǳâ뿪գʱɲ綼ˮϢ·Ǻӽ֯ããˮ򣬶ǰҶĿӣѾӦ纺Ϣ
ǰ
Լһʱ
֧ˮһΧɱ
ǣҲֲôǿΧ֮
ʱһͻȻӺڰˮһܵѹȣ·ǲԺâ
ǿԮɱ
ͷâˮ磬ɱȥҲ𾪣ʱǿ߲ǣݺᡣ
Ȼƺˮռ䣬ֻһ۵纺Ԧ֮΢΢ﶯͻƺˮ磬ٶȾﵽ߶ȡ
ַ׷ɱеĻûɾ޴
纺Ȼȥ֮й֮飬֮һͷͷ޴ĺ޼᲻ݵذѺʬ˺飬֮֮κκ޷ֵ


2329 ໨Ŵ
ɷ纺𺳺һҲ֮еĺ֣ۻҡ
֮·纺ĺ纺һ˰ˣһ˲նɱʿһЩѪںˮ֮Ư³
ɱ
ʮΪﵽλλĻ󽫣ԽʧܣھͷȻ׷ɱ纺˶ϡ

һâϯ
ϣʮͷĹҪû纺Ȼ󲻹ֹҪնɱ纺ܣΪ֮һȣֱӱν飬ǺУȻᱻʳ顣

ķڵĺˮУһǳâӿҶ֮ˮ磬ǰߴ߶ͨѹƣ߸ʲôû·ӣκųӿ֡
Ҷһ˿֮вܽѾզһĻټһ٣ʲôʱ˶ĵط
纡
䣬ո֮УҶȵȻ纺Ӧ֯һ𣬶纺ʮͷ֣ҲʱҶȰиӦ
һ£ҶʧںˮУʣ·ĮȻǰ
͡
ʯ䣬һֻϢľ޽ʮͻȻԽٶȣһͷȻкͷϡ
ͷӦûУ˲䱻ֻؽ޷ֵֻؽһȥ󲿷ֶˡ
ҶʵһУնɱ˴ͽλҪ֪ﻹ硣
С
˺ͷ˵ףһͷӣ
Ҷǰȥ
˫һץһ֮ݺͷڵӣͷһһĪҶǰҶָץס˲䣬Ϳʼһ棬ʮͽλǿߣ׷ױҶ
䣡
һ߾߹ըЩϣʼƴӴܣҶ纺һȥ׷ЩϺз
纺ܵشĺ´﷨ּκξֹ͸֮⴦ǺҪս˻شӪ
ǣʥŮ
·֪纺ݣӦ֮󣬼Ԧһһȥ
Ҷű̥Ǳ仯纺Ŀ⣬㵵纣ҸоƵһĴڣ
Ǻµ֮ƷʻҪһЩҲضãڻֻͷһȴﵽ߽λ񣬲ſԳͷʱҲںԺĴУ
纺΢΢ﶯ֮屦˲ʧ纺ϵâϢҲɢȥصѰ״̬ǰ纺Ѿһ纺ѾǻΪҶȣﵽλ纺ڵĺֱ֮·ˮס
뿪ҾͻƣֱӴﵽʮһֱںϺ񴫳УҲһλ񣬸պƿͳ崦һЩѣһڸսж
纺ŵҲע⵽ٵĴڣǲ̫⣺ں뺣սѽʮ꣬˫вʧĿĲǶԺϾɱҪߺƳǣûǣ޷巢Ҳսȥϧ廹ǿ⣬ҺҲδȡǣǰûյϢϢ˵Ӧúмֵ尵࡮ƺڰƴǣ
Ҫǣ
ȻҶעȫϢ
Ҫʲôǻö֪ΪΣԲ׽Ϣ
纣սͲҪ˰ɣһΪĿ꣬ϱǿȥѾõ콣ͻƻҲΪơɹԵʣ㣬׼һЩҪ֮һͬ죡
죡
纺ƽ֮ͫУ𼤶⣬ȻҲ޷ֵջ
Ҷ׼ȵ峤𣬶һҪѰһˣս໨ŴӦҲĳս֮У
纺һᣬԥʼһӡ
һ龻ҶȵԺ𣬴̤翪ʼҶȾһֱѰ޵໨Ŵ䣬ϧŴδʧᣬѳɾͻããˮѾ޷赲Ĳ
ʮϢ֮Ҷ˫ü΢΢¶һݾϲЦݣΪѳɹӦ໨ŴϢȻɽõϢкܴ仯Կ϶໨Ŵ۱Ҫ֪ǵõԷƤ
纺ټͣǰˮȥ
䣬Ѵӡ󣬾սһѪȾУӳɱ֮еս
ԼʿɱһʵԴ뺣ɱռƣǾ޴뺣һ𣬲˺ҧǻԷΧһЩǣһΧɱ֮С
ս룬ǧΧ޴
ͨԼʿǡ֮ͷ­ˡ
ʵκͨȭͷܺɨһƬһߴĺҲ޷ᲢۣҲŲͬһ۵ˣұһˡ
һδΰڶβǴƬ˻ֱӱɨ̫ǿˡ
˫ĿʱдҶȾ֮̾ˡĴڣˡ໨Ŵۣ
֮УҶȡ纺ٻ߳ûܸӦǵĴڣҶȼˣ͸ӦӶԷϢ֮ͷϤζ໨Ŵ۵Ϣ
Ȼ໨Ŵ۲ɹ磬ں֮еõƷǳشС
Ϊ˵֮еˣ
ڴֵĵӰ֮Уʶˣڶ᲻ԼһĻ
纺͸һɱ⣺һƣó
Ӧϣɱ˺
սƲֹۣһΧɱ֮Уû֧Ԯ󲿷ֺʿ䣬ʧֻ·ټźˮƯ
ˣ֮еǿߡ
˫ͫһâָֻѰ
͡
һɱĺս֮ͻȻӹԼ׷ױɢֻһвٺ䡣
һ޽ձγɽĽϯӪգ۾ǧǿߡ
ǡ޵˵Ϣ
˱ͻȻɱĽͬʱ´﷨ӡкʿˣȻػǰ
˺ʵŴۣôˣӦҺǿԮʲôֵ𣿡
üӦòǺǿߣԷʩչĽɽʱһλʩչͨѵҵĴϸԪĩڷ磬һֱѰѵһѰҵ䣿
ͻȻһӰǰٿؽ˴ǿߣͬʱǰ໨Ŵ𣿡
һʱ־ϲЦݣǣĪ޵֣Ӧò
ҶתģֶžҶȣɽԪڵʿɽ֮żȻõ޵֮ĴУżȻ֮Уõǰʱĵ£
𣿡
˫ͫһڲͬâҶΧҲһɫâ


2330 ع
˶ʱЦȷǱϢϻбСӵϢȻɽϽķߣ
ͬʱҲԼ໨Ŵۣ
ͬǷߣһּ˸о
Ȼˣǡѵ˵ʥŮ
ͻȻΧʼȥӪǰһ
֮мԦȻʥŮɣ໨Ŵһǿȥ޴̬ɲǼ˻ûͨ״̬
ʱ໨Ŵ۲Ҷȼ֮еģһ໨ۣʧ׺͵ģ
Ҷȣʲôʱɽģֻһ˷Ͻ𣿡໨Ŵʱ泤ӷֿҶǰʵ
һʮǿ߷Ͻ磬󲿷ֶǰϤ֮ˣ̫ۡ顢ȵϹŶڶ֮Уǰõǣ
ۣǴűѹڳͷ֮СҲģ̤磡
ɽ緢ܶ顭
໨Ŵ۶з߹ȥԼйģҶȾʹ°ɽζɹĹ̵໨Ŵһֱھ֮С
칬ˣ
ͷ磿
һ²Ǻ䶯µĴ£Ȼ໨Ŵ۵𺳣ҶͬҲʮּǰ໨ŴۿǿԼ´̤ġ
ҶҲ໨ŴδḶ́кܴȤҲʳɻ󣬶໨Ŵۺ̹Ȼ֪ž
ԭ໨Ŵɽһֱ̤ʱĹȻ칬ƣϹŶ޷磬δԭ໨Ŵ̤񲻾ãɽһʱõһݹϴС
ݴνĻ֮Ǵ״̬Ǵ״̬״̬Ϊ˵֮вŴڵˣ
໨ŴʱѾǿ޵УʵҪۣұѾ֮Ǵ߱仯Ϊʱһ磬ֵõ˵ĻУʱ;´ܰװ˷ѹϲĴС
һʱ֮һ̤츳ͨԼ֮еõһ˷ϵڹ֮ζгξգһδνƣ֮ʱƾҪʧܣ֪֮һƿڹ֮мʱӰ״̬Ϊ״̬ʵ˳ļ꣬뿪֮С
ɹ磬໨ŴȲȥѰѰҴ壬ѰһеԴ֮ء
ҲԶһ˵ĺᣬǾǸղλˡơӶԪʱ䣬ں֮ǱޣֱȫõУҳΪһ֮󣬲뿪
壬ҲֻǼʱ䣬Ҷ֮ǰѯ䣬û֪Ĵڡ
һԶŵĴڣ໨ŴԼ𴫳ߣҶõ֮ܳΪˡ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷȶ໨Ŵ۳壺ףΪҵ֮УһӰ¾໨ŴۣƤ֮У̺ϢԼУ
һ֮Ϊ̬ͨ纺ڻ泤ˡơԼֹӭ³֣໨Ŵۼæʩ񣺡ʥŮ
纺͸ʥַĿ⣬ˣ֪ͨ峤ǿȥ⴦սСӹܣ
ҶҲҪץʱȥ໨Ŵʩ񣺡ǰԺȥ㣬Ҳȥ֪ͨǣ
սܳʱҶڴ壬ǣλãҺڴյѣ
໨ŴźǿߣɳƬӡ
纺ҶĿ뿪ԺĴ֮Уȱ֮ĴڣǼȿ½УҲںУϧ٣´ڵѾˣ
ಣ
䣬Ϣһࡣ
֮Ҷ߶ǧͼ괩ȥ
Լʱ䣡
ʹͼ½Ȼյ´Ǽ½Ѿߡ
Ҷڵٶȣ¾ܴﵽ
ϤϢشδҶѾӦԼ޵ϢԼơ硢纺ϢңԶҲһֻϢʥĵ
ˡ
ǳâٴա
Ȼ䣬ҶȾ͸ӦҪõĶ֣ʥصϢھһˮ֮УѵʮȥҶδع
ʮ꣬˵ʥѾعٶȻӦ£ҲὨһʱ֮ء
ôʥءʥءʥء̫ʥԼĲʥصںһ𣿡
Ƭ̼䣬ҶָӦϢȻȷ֮һۼһ
Ƭȥ֮һƬˮӳȥֻκεĴڣҶȡ١纺˲俴ڲռ䣬һﵽԪʼ߶ȵĽ硣
ʮϢϻһϵˮϵĽ磬ǳʮԼֱʣ
νǴֱʣǰǲĴڣҶǰѾʲô
ҶʼͷŵϢȴһᣬǰˮ֮УˮˣԦˮ˲ϳˮ档
㣿Ϣ֮ǰɣ
һɻԼǼҶ֮ͫǾ㵣Ȼһϲ
֮Ҷȿ棬ȷңʮҲó˰ɣ
Ҷȣ
ûһӰʮףʮ
һͽλԪʼ
ʮٴμҶȣ֮ɫһֳϲЦݣ˳ɹȥ磬ҵ
ҵˣһ·Ǿ㰾ˣһȻؽ
ؽҶȣлһֱҪؽУΪѱƣ
ԵƬ̣
ⷬҶһԵôޱȣȻɱˣռһ½ʲô˼
ͷŸӦҲֻգۼ䣬͸ӦԶӦ֮УִԪʼ񣬻ϰٲȻһľ˹ģ
ôһôǿߣ
Ҷҡҡͷɻ󣬶ʮ渡־ɫֻգ۹ҶȾ˲ӦǺεΪ
ʮ̾Ҳ벻ͨȥ̽ԣǶԷǿ̫࣬޷̫ҵҲ޷ô˳ããˮȥѰһطΪʿֻǿýϢˣ
һǰؽ
ãǽȥ̸ʥصλ䣬㣬ӦúοŶԣ
ʮӡɢγһͨӭҶȡ纺һ֮ͬͨС
㣬ǰڲռ䣬һ㡢󲿷úɵĴ½ǰЩ½ʱ죬ֻһֳɭ֣ɭûж壬ʮʿ
ԵͽλԪʼΪʮæ֮Уһ½Լռ䣬ѾǷǳˣ֤ʮһ𲻷ڡ
Ҷȣ㣿
ͻȻ䣬Ӱǰ½Ϊ׵Ӧ飬žǴԽЦԼոʥ䣬Լʮˡ


2331 
ţʦ𡭡λ䣡
ʮһ֣ͬҶȿ첽ӭȥǼӦʵڼ
ӦӼҹһ죬ΪǺҶȵǱ̶ʥ꣬ܳΪʮ꣬ﵽԪʼ
Ҷȣ׷׾̾ѣǴ˭뵽ĸߣܸıˡ
纺
ʥ䣬һ纺
纺˵ʥɳһ֣ԶʥҲǸУ纺ʦҲѶٴμ纺ѾҶȵлҲûָҶܰ纺
֮ʮռϷĹ֮С
ڼҶҲӦ顢˿е֪ƬռһнٸССʮˣҪԴĵӣǵսҴʿ
Ǳ֮УӦ鶼ﵽλ䶼ͻʵǿ̫ˣҪΪۼ֤𣬵飬䣬ɳΪͻǿļ
ֱʣ̤ģָ
ʲôģ
˵˵һ·һһȥкܶ鷢ɣ
ԣǴ˵˵Ҳǿ۽磡
֮Уۼһ𣬿ʼΧҶѯʹ֮Ͼûһˣ뿪ƫƧˮ
ʮ涼ܺ棬ϾҲδ뿪ȻǱ˽硣
ҶȻȻ;ĴһЩصʱգ塢Լʲôӡ
ھͷ̾ǶĺϣǱ飬ҶҲµĴ㣬Ǿǲؽ԰˴ȥ磬ؽô
ƫƧʱգϡ٣Դѷ򱶲࣬һԪ޷һ񣬵磬һšӵе޷
֮ʮӻ֣£λҶǻؽ
Ҷ׵Ȼǻ񣬵ȻһѰ̬Ҳû֪ǻҲԪʼ񣺡һĿģղҵ뷨ֱˣҴѴҴ磬ؽһ½
磡
˷·У֮д𺳣֮дŻɣ֮Ǽ
ǻҪԭ򣬾Ҷû쵽Ҫ֪ԪʼҪ磬Ҳǲܵ£Ȼããˮ󣬵֮УǿԼ⣬ʷ֮ϣжɹﵽ½
һ棬Ҫ罨ҪǿΪΪۣҪԴ
Ϊ䣬ǲòǵ档
ʮףƵλȻҶģаǾҪھͿλԸԸȥ磬֣ͬ
˳Ĭˣ֮ûһ˾ַԡ
ʵǼиֲ¼Լɣôʱʱ̿ܺвԶȥֻزȥֻһ֣ǸҶȥ磬ȴϣԼ
ֲһ
ʮֵȻˣϿʼ׼
ھͷʼ뿪뿪֮ǰͿҶʩǱ
ʮʾҶ£ҶʱӦȻȥȴܿʣˣʮǰ£ҶȣҰҪԭ򣬵һ֪ڶҪЩռ鱨㣡
ҶȵȻ˴ɹһǿޱȡҲ֪δⷽδյϢ𣿡
ûУϴŮͷ֣ĵͷµڵңһߣزˣҲˣʮüΡ
ȥ磬һȥһʱһصɻѯʣ
ƺûжٵĺøУ
ﶼһߣû˵ʸֻһһ֯ȻǷߣһҪĺأδңҲδǣ˫໥ģҶ˽⣬дҲ
ȷЩ޷ġˣǶٻЩ˽ģЩǿ߲ӣлһЩĴڣҲֲٵϢӿ֣ʲôϵǷ·ҪĿԹ
л֪Ҫʱȣ븨һͬ׼Ҷȥ̽һ̽
Ϣ
ҶȻһĿľǿпܵĻϣȥɽһΣѸǿߴ
Ϊϴһͷ֮̽뿪Ӫһڷߵʥء
˵뿪ռ䣬߿ա
ٴԹҶȸӦʣЩȻ΢΢ϢڹΧˮ֮УЩҲһģٶдϢ
ѵЩ棬Դ죿
һڴţһƺպÿԳ
ˣ
·ɽϿգڣҶԪʼǿߣڼ£ڷ֮С
ͻ
ڴʱ֮УͻȻһضһɫǳƷ棬ա
Χĸ֣׷׳ӭӣ֮У߳ǿߵľͷ澹Ȼһˡ
˸ոճ֣ҶȾ¶ɫΪЩ˾ȻǵʿҶǻ
纺עǺɫǣǾǺƳǣ
ȷǴ֮󣬾ͳۼǵֲǣ
עʮǿߣЩ˶򵥣̫ˡ
λʹߣȥӪأ紦棬λʹغϢ
һǿߣһ󣬾ʹ˷
øȥֱͷŸӦҶȾ֮ܿ󣬾ңԶľ룬ܰһôš
ϧҵΪȻһλ񣬵Ȼ޷澹Ȼкü߽λлһ쳣вϢֶʮָǱҲջҪǱǷ֣ˣ
룬ҶȲδȥҪʲôȻ½ѵʹߴ
Ȼȥɽ磬ɽʲôУɽǲȥˣ̫ʱ䣬ҷɢЩص죬ǿʵȴﵽλŻ̽
ײ˹һĻǰҶȱȻŪڵƿش֣˷ʱ䣬ʵûʵ֪ıôֻһԸɵۡ
ಣ
ȻһɫǴˮ
ͨӦҶȷжʮеϢЩǵʿȴеǺܿǿж档
ȥɽ硣
ʵֻǿʵֹһУɽ磡
Щ½󣬿ɶԪʼԼ񣬻֪жǿȥɽ磬뵽Ҷȸӵġ
ܹϾ纺뿪˹


2332 ŵ
ռ䣡
֮ȥ½Ϣʿڼ˷֮С
ʥڵɽ֮УԼڼᣬԶ֮ϣҶӦ顢еӣ벻ʮӣֻ˻˶Դ˷֮ɫ
ʥʥѾǵһʥѵʱ̤ӦֱҴĵӣûˣʱͷ
ʥҲֻн˻
֮УҶȼϤףعΪʥصФĪȳԼ˶ˣһЩͨӣԼꡢͨȺĵ˻
ͨӦйʿ󲿷ֶˣʥس񣬷ӢȼϤ⣬ҲûϤϢ˻ӽսûս֮С
ʥҲмٵϤʥӷʥ󽣡ʥؽʥصˣżһ𲻳ˡ
ϴδƽٲݻʥأҲݻ
˶֪ҶȻعϢҶӦ顢ԼʮƽƽежףҶվڵĸ߶Ѿܴġ
Լ꣬׼ãʮʿۼռ߿գƺƵһƬﵽʮ߰
ʮʥ䣬ԼСףʮ桢Ҷȡ١纺ƯƲ֮Уÿ˫۾˸ż档
ʮҶȣԶˣ
Ҷ䱧ȭ¼ʩչȣλڹ֮дϰ֮꣬Ǿܴﵽ磡
һܴﵽ磬ĸ
ҶʩչСһƬâѳ纺֮ˣԼʮͨͨΧ

ͨһʮգ۾ƾâʧ
ʮˣȫҶȵĹ֮УԻΪʮ˲⣬񣬴Լװˡ
Ƴһ۹գ߶ǧͼ紩ȥ
պ꣬걻ĪаԪ׷ɱÿһ¼һ꣬԰ʱ䣬ǾͿԴﵽ磬ûдǧͼͨһλٶȣҪǧܳɹ
ܿʹﵽ´Ǽ½·ͼ½н񹬡ɽڡ̫šʥ½Լâ½ȵʱգ
꣬Ѿʱա
Ѱõط
ٶȷһЩҶ纺óͼʼͼ֮ѰһʺСʱա
ʱղȻǿģֻƬʱСͬڣγɰټʢ֮ʱһֻСĦΧҲûһʵ
ܿҶȾһʱգƬʱվħʱնһλãʱա
ħš񶴶һȻȲ̫ţҲǾްԵĴڣʱкܳһξ룬Ҫһ㣬ʱոպλһˮ֮У½ǺܾˣһԴʷ涼޷ʱᲢۡ
ۺϷ棬ʱʺСչ绹ʱգʱնйϵս
֮˾ͳʱա
ȻǴˮ磬ӡ֧ɼܸӦһЩǿĺ塢ͷ̾ˮ֮УˮĴ½֮࣬
ѰҵһƬȫǵ죬Լˮˮ߿գΧҲûнϴĴ½ｨ
С
֮У䴫׼Ȼ߶Сâʱϯˮ棬գʮʿڸ£ˮգʮӦ顢伱æǰ
ҶȰʱͼݣǷַȥҲʿǰ˽ⷽʱա
漴һôҺúϢҶȲһͬ߿գһա
컯޼
ԼʿĿ£Ҷȿʼ
ֻ΢΢ӡҶȾͱ˫ֺʮ״̬ٶһ֣ǰˮ澹ȻʼִľʣԼ֮ȵӿʷ׷ᣬռ𶯡
ܿռ֮Լˮľˣʼʱղӣһ;ʱյĸǿߣԪʼԼ־׷ͶδֱϯƺҲͻأⷽ
ҪϢ͵ɣʱͻȻðһ½Ҳᱻ̾ⷽľͷ֣ҶȾֱŪ󶯾Ҳⷽͷ档
ಣ
̺֮֮ͨںԦԼȻ֮еĸԪؿʼںϣΪʵʣΪ̰Ϊľһ½ںϣ˷졣
棡棡
Ѳ漣½ͬʱҲ
Щ䣬ۼ֤޵еͨһҶȾΪˣֻ˲˲Ĵ档
ҪдأԴس֣Ҫɭ֣ľ֣ҪԶ֣Ҫһ磬翪ʼҪｵ٣Ϊ񣡡
Ŵ½Ѿγ޴Ҷ֮УͻȻһȻػںϵоȻ֮г̫ԪأʶΪЩԪضɣֻпЩԪأܵ
ʱ˿̵ҶȣھһԪصܣﵽһ޴󣬴Ӷں䣬ƴԪأһȻڴ½Ͽգķޡ
壡尡ܵѾܲףҶȾȻ˲
Ŵ֣һ궯
ղǸо
˶̾ϢҶȵľֶΣΨһˣɫ·ǰһжԶСӹҼҡ
٣
Ƭ̺ͻȻҶϷȻƺܿ͸ռʱʲôڡ
һλ壬Ҹղ˲䣬ܺؼеΪơʲô
ٹȻ˶Ķ

һͷĴ½ˣɽɭ֡ԭҰӦоУɽ֮еɽ̺֮Ϣɭ֮ǿʻСݣԼïʢĲԭҰдڱܣһƬƬȺһϢԼɡ
λ
Ҷתŷ˶Ӵ½󷽻иľʿҶȷһ˲ȻѳɹȥԺʹ￪µе;Ȼִڹˮ򡭡½ͳΪŵ
ŵ
úúã
һֳƺãѵȲʮʿŵ
Ҷʮ棬ȥ밵пӹŵľͷ־棬ؾֲڹŵΪ½ıԴȻƿء
δĳһ죬ػΪˣǳԽ˵ǿ塣
ʱ䣬Ҷ᲻ͶӰʼؽʥءʥءʥصȴȽɹͬʱҶҲȥ˼𣬺ս͵õص㱣Ҳ졣
ۡ
ͻȻͷߵҶȣƯʥص߿գƴͶӰ֮ʣȴһѪ


2333 ʱ
ವһҶȵʧ纺ȥʣ·ƯƲ֮Уûжɫֻǵȶ뿪óһɫӸʳ
ºɫӵޣغƣƺһ»ͬһ䶯
һĻٲһĨЦݡ
ŵգЩѪʮҡҡλεһŵ
ͽλԪʼϣҲҲͬ⣬ʱս½
ͻأɳһ޴Ӱоһֻ𣬺󷽻ЩǿߣƺۣдѪơ
ڸӺ󷽵գ粻һʿԻٶŵ
ӰһƬƣһѪ׳аߣֳһһ֡
ڨڨŴ˵ʮǰܣϷԪ֮㻹뿪𣿲Ҫ½ҲҪΪҡۡԴ
ʮһ콾벻磬ȴΪߡ
ݵţ
֮䣬Ҷȴһʮǰָһ㣬ΡΡʮȻ˲ָԼһţ̧ͷҶŵЦݣ治֪Ҷ񵽵ǿ󵽺εȵز
Ŷ
ۻ΢΢֮󣬺Щַ׷ͣ£ɭɭ˫ͫһɨ㲻мԭһ񣬿ϧˡֻһһλϷǰʲô
һλ
ԭ۵ⷬʮԼ󷽹ŵ˶ˣ֪ҶΪ
һλҲ㹻ʰλʱ򣡡
Ҷʾ֮ʮ󷽣ʱ纺ҲҶԱߣҲ֪ʲôʱһ
ǻκӣҶȴ߶Ԫ֮ʱ͸λѣҹŵոսϣƽദ˵仰˼£ֻǲǷǣҲԩ޳𣿶ڻ۾Ȼֱ֮ˣѴҵĵߣǲ֪ǴˣǴġڡ
Ԫ񱾾ҶȵƣѳΪһǿߣԪ֮˲ʱÿһ䴫
Сӣ벻˲ϷʹˣҪɱˣȡͷʱ㻹ܲ㲻֪ߵغ񣡡
˵֮ڿռͻȻը˻ΪһħӰȼյѪɫ棬ҶϯλҲ˷ռ鼣
СС
ԶԷƣʮо˲ɱв󷽹ŵʿҲʧȥģ׾
벻ոԾ
꣡
ѪɫҶȣҶͥŲ֮Уɫδһ㡣
ţ
ּһĻ֮ͫԱǵЦ
ǵҶʱѪɫ澹ȻҶҶɲۣͣκ޷˵Ҷȣ·Ϊһ͸״̬ƾ𴩹Χȼա
Ҫ֪Χռ䶼аյ֨֨顣
㣡㣡
۾˺һԼͷŶȻޱģȻκβҶȰ֣ĵۡûܵ˿Ӱ졣

¿ɺãҶѾǰûѡֻͷǿҶնɱһѡ񣬷һͷβĴЦ
ˡ
ΪѪӰ˲ϢҶΧһռѪӰ˸ӡ漴ռ֮Χӡա
ռеԼҶȣʼܵӰ죬ԽԽˣΧӡֱҪƬռ䶼ɡ
ͨһֲͨССʱգҲɫڡ
Σ֮УҶҲ˿֮ɫΧռʧһɺ䳹ǵϢ߶ɷͻأ䣬ΧʧҶȼӿ
ٶԽԽ죬ԽԽˣۿԼҪҶȣƬռ䣬ȡҶͷ֮õŵѾ޷ƿԼ֮ͨпռҶȾ£
ٶȣİٱ
ʶʶͨ
¶ЦҶ˫ͫһԻΪģΧʮռ侹ȻΪֹռ䣬Ȼ̼䲻ˡ

ۻôһ£͸ܵռ俪ʼգԼۡѪⲻϰ

Ȼ˲ѾѪģɲǼ䣬ֻʣһ߰׹ǡ
ϣ
ʮڸĻ뵽ֽ˲뵽ľǱ𣬰ҶʬΣױҶնɱǶٶһ
ߣɱҳϣ
ֻȥԶ߿ճִŤռ䣬пԼӰƿն
˼˼һλ񣡡
΢΢һƳҶȾѸӦ˵֮˵Ϊλʱտ쵱ӦþǻڵӦǧǿߴɱŻ
Ҳգͻƻδλ񽻹֣
֮УλѾһСͷһʱն⣬Ҷϣǿ߽֣ʱգùŵ

Ťռǰ߿ʧһˣǧڶ˾ǻ󷽻мﵽĽλǿߡ
ЩͬһҪҶԼŵ
ĺãĺãɱһɱɱһҲɱ
ʧҶϺܳʱЦݣڳ֣ɱȴ󲽶ȥ
ɱͽ
ҶȽ֣һȻҶֺݵϽ֣ȳ֮һĽλҶȡ
һץһѪͨɣʱֻΪѪָҲ֮࣬ͬ뷢Ҷϯ
޽
ָռ䣬һȭ޽ָҿռͻȻҲĽλǿߺ󷽴̳
ǡռͨ
ǻǿߣԷһӸӦɱĽץһԲ񵶣ʱһȥ
䣡
ָǿߣһʱ䶼޽ǣָ޽Ķ֣׷ױը
ۡ
Ѫ֮Ǹ߿մһͷ­ӽݺ֮£Լһͷ֮ʬ
һ棬ҶȾһλ񣬰һĽλնɱ
ʮһĻеΪУ̫ǿˣ벻ҶȾﵽ߶ȣ
ڹŵڲеʿҲð亹׷ڴҶնɱǿߡ
ɱɱɱ
벻һϹŶףʢŭ֮£ͷһͬҶȳ֡
Ҷȴһʩչռͨʧ
䡭
ͷոɱһ˾һȭͷͷ­ǰͷŵöһ£ֱ˲նͷ­
ˣ
ʬ֮УҶֳ޽վסĻ
֪Լ죬ӲˣԷնɱǿߣҶȡͷȻһȴҲв˿־壬־ò׵õΪõһУΪС
߶ˣߣ
˭Ҳ벻ڱӭս״̬£ȻҶȱȭתʹڵ뿪
ǣŵˣ
ҶԥҪҪһٽںûɱ֮ʣ䵽µʱϯ


2334 ֶ֮
٣
ҶͻȻԺַɱ۾գµĳ
ˣ
һǧ֣ʱ룬ҲţŹŵһҪȫնɱѪ֮ܡ
֪ǰƿյ֮Уһһͷֶˡ
Ƿ٣
ŻԼǿߣٵĳ֣جҲ֮ʼ
ͻȻ΢΢ﶯֻ֣ؾڵĿռ䡣
꣡
Լǿ߾ڵĿռ䣬˲Ȼ¡һǷӦڿռһ顣
ʱ˿̲ǻһǧǿߣ˲Ϣſռ飬һͬ飬Ϊһ飬Ȼߡ
˲ɱһǧǿߵķ٣ͻȻҶȣûɫҪ֪ط򣬾淨㲻ɱǣǱػᷴҧһڣҪɱɱóףһʲôһʱʲô˭赲ǰͻΪһ飬ɱ񣬷𣡡

ʱմͷһֱڰж˫Լںģ˲ϢͱɱǿʵԼֶΣˣǲٴŵһ˼
ʮһ󣬰ʵҶȣ˿µľͷ
һʶѡ
Ҷȿɲٵ֮ǰǷȷܴ뵱淨̤߾磬ƺںЩʵ˵ĺܶԣ۴ڶߵĸ߶ȣ淨Ϊ
ӹŵʶԶʧ
Ҳصŵ粨ƴ֮дǳ
䣬ʦ𣬵Ҫҽںܳһʱ޷ǹŵʲôͻȻ״⣬һеһ㣬ö֮мǳĻ񷨱нҲһһ⿪˷д񵤡ԼԴʥؽչҪЩ
ʱ뿪ԣиҪҪȥ졣
ڽ֮еʥص߿գҶӦ棬һö䣬öķ㹻ʥسɹչΪ
ӦжҶȲһֱʥأʥҲ޷סҶȣʲôû˵ֻǺЦݣĿҶʧա
ʱ֮⣬Ҷȡ纺١ʮһֶͬҶȵ߶ǧͼ̫ʱմȥ
һ£
̫ʱվͳǰҶȡ纺Ѿǻ̫ʱвǰǰء
ҷôãǵһ̫ʱա
ʮۿ⣬ôΪ£ȴǵͽλԪʼΪ̫ʱգ˵Ѿһ
ʥ
Ҷ˾Ҫʱա
Ȼ䣬һ˫ͫԼޱ߸Ӧǰʱɨͫ⣬ҶȾ֪˭ڸӦǣʣ˵Ϣ޷ӹʥӦ
Ȼ״̬̫ʱգϢĻʥҪǣǾûٿˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ʮӰֶΪʥǰƮ죬Ҳֻй˲ʡ
ʥ׵ҶȣˣΪǰ֪ͨһǣ
ҵѣλʮһλڹߣλ纺ҲһķߣλǷ٣
Ҷȼ򵥽һصͻʮ
ԭ㼸ʥϢʮЩˣӭؼңʥڲ֮д˽⣬ҶȽܺ󣬾֪ʮæȥкһ
Ȼ˷
ҲʱҶȻ벻һλ᳹Ϊĵˡ
;ʼ˴ɹɹɹɹɹɹϼɹɹԼĵʥһֱΪʮ
ɹҶȾʥʮݱͬʱ˷
һʱв˻Ӧ󲿷˶ûж
ϴλֶۡն졢˾͸ٷ߾˫ʥջԼƣ׷׽뾪ɹʵǱͥգҶϵ
ʮߣֻʮҶȻӦ˿¶ѲͬҶȡ
ƯΧһᣬϤϢֶǽն죬Ȼǻġɾ̫ۡ顢۴ɡͷ߾𡢴ˡĭɽۡ
ôˣȻֶۡ
ЩҶǰķߣġѺ;ɹϹϵǱ֮ҶӲﾪɹ
ǰЩˣɶҶȹϵõĴڣϼؽ౦ۡ޼ˡ΢ߡˮˣҲϾӦǵɽ磬Ҷһͬˡ
ɽ磡
Ȼ˸־ҶҲǿǣʺ֮󣬿ն죺λ磬ʦأ
߳ͻȻְסҶȼͷһɫأĵܡˣ
ΪΣ
ϴ֮󣬳״̼ͥЩԱʥĸΪףشۡشۡۡţͷ񲻶գϣ˶ӪڰڣҶԪʼΪΪնܶ˶޷ٱ׷׵꣡
͵ָץסҶȼͷᶯŭ֪֮ͥеĹǣؼʦʦȾԶΪ뾡취˵ۣ֪ڼǰһϵ۳ۻʱ֪֪۱չ߻ħˣ޷ͨ飬ֶǱ͵Ϯˣڱϼɹλž´ۣ
ˣ
ýٹͣҶȾŪµȥʵһйģ벻Ƿˡ
ߣȥϼɹ
ˣҶȵɫ͸һɱڳ֮˶֪ҶοҪдÿ˶ҶȾĥѵģν빲˭ûԥҶȷϼɹ
˴ɹ֮һϼɹ
һɽ֮С
㲻ܳȥߣԱʥĸЭƫƫ֪ʥλĸڰ˴ɹ֮УΪǰģһǲʥĵ£λйλȨأ
֮Уֶ߳磬һŮӣȴƿؽ磬޷߳һЦɱӰ챾ǰ;뾪ɹϹϵԱпкܴģ
ֶȻв㣬㡭Ҹʱ㴦ĳչң벻һжװαһ棬ǲɱңҾҪ뿪磡
ŮüɫЦϴ˸պþͱʥĸɱܻڣȷˣҲԶˣ
ҿڲԶ˰ɣ
ͻȻ䣬֮ڳҶȷŭ֮
˭
ŮӲȻŭ
Ҷȡˣ
·ֶ֪ҶȻһǴɽ翪ʼγɵһԼΣҶҲδ۵ĺ
ҶȣĪǾеķߣҲǱʥĸĵˣҲգǱƿصɽǿд붴ǱɽնɱŮ˵꣬ͷŴ硣
䡭
Ů֮ᷨʣ֪磬˲䱻һ֮飬ŮҲ˺顢˺Ѫۡ


2335 ǿ
ۡ
ŮӸովȣһѪȻ״̬ؿǰһ𺳡
ε
ƾͰˣ޷֮Ҫ֪һͽλԪʼ
ո˵һУѱͨᣬȥʥҪʥع֤ˣʦм
֮ж״̬ڴӰҶǰ纺ٽ
ŮЪ˹ЦƾһոշķߣкελʥܸЦ
ž
Ҷһӣ֮ɨգʱѪָӡ
ʦ𣬶ǵӲãЩʱջͲЩ࣡
Ů˲䱻ֻҶһ˲飬ֶ߳ͬʱҶעһâͷ
գ֮䣬ֶƾȻȫָ
ҶȿŮӣ˷ɳ鶴ڶ֮⣬ϰԸʿŮӱҶѹһˣ˶󾪺
ĺǰɣ֪㱳ʦϼɹϹŶҸȣ
ΧĿ⣬ҶȺ׾ŮԼ󷽷ɳϼɹ
ϼɹɹвٷ߼ĺԱҶȽ۵׷£ֱɹҶȲٹ˼κιأֱӴ˽ʥһ˲䱻ʥƿ߸Ӧ
һʱвڵǿ֣֮߳󣬷׷ҶȵˣͬʱʥҲʥһ
ĺԼŭҶȣʥƺԤе£Ҷȶκ¶ԽҶȣĪ̫𣡡
ʥзִ磬лѣͷʥΪʥ´һ˵Ҫʦһԭ֮У
ʥҶһֱѶԴǵɽʥΣգԶС
ʥץסδ鿴ݣ֮УΪ֪Ҷȸ֮ˣҲٶ˵ʲôתʥ
ֶ̫ۡۡ顢ն졢ġɾ˸֪ҶȸԣȻָ˵Ǹ֪ҶȲһǷ֮ˡ
㹦ʥΧѾۼˣܶ˶ΪЩ½߶ۼ

ʮͷʥɳǳϡ
ɹ֮Ҳ漴ʥ߳Ƕɫ֪£ǶԴҲС£ʴ˲ŷ׷뿪ʥ¡
ҶȼֹⷬҪ£Ϊֶһ
Ǿɹĸ֡
󷽸߿ͻȻˣΪǱʥĸԼüߣشۡۡشۡţͷں󷽣п˫ʥԼ塢аЩҶͶͥķߡ
һͶɹķߣδ
˫ĿʱǶ˼ҶȣϾܴɽ磬һжҶȵĹͣҶȲϽ磬ԴԼȫУʵ
ƴɱգ߳ҶȣݵȷʵѾ˶Թ
һϱ֮ŭʥĸǲ˰ɱֶۣ
ʥĸһίʩɱϣһ޵⹦򣬲֪˭ڱ߼޻
Ҫ֤֤ݣ
ͷҶķ֮ǰĺڶֶ˵һУԭԭǰñʥĸһˢףֵ볤ĺԩ
ĺȻһ裬ɭɭȳ⣬ʥĸѵҪԶѻ꣬ų𣿡
ӡ
ѻꣿ
ʥĸһɲѻ갡һѻ꣬һУǶ֮ڣֲ¡
ٴ̣Լ֮˫۾ע£ʥĸͨһ£ϴɱֶ֮µȷǵڱı֪ˣ
һֿҶѹĺԣ֪
֪һʱͿ볤ԭ£ĺҲæ£ͬʱʶѾִ
ಣ
ĺԡʥĸϴڳ֪˺£벻˾ȻΪ˲ݵĶ¡
ȻΧһǿƣȻһһֳȻɹֱ֮ǻʥۡɻʡʥλĸϼʼԼۡ
ҶйӴģԼʥλĸڻʥۡɻʡϼʼǸ߸ϣҶʸǽӴ
ϼʼǰ˴ɹ֮УΨһλŮ֮һĺԹڰգʥϣŪʦڣ
ġ
һϵڰѱʥĸĺԣζԸֶ۵Ļһһ
ɹ֮Щ΢΢ݣϼʼʢŭĺԣĺԣҲɹҪӣȻҪɹƴҹļλߣ֪֪ʷ
֪ˣĺɪɪǿ־塣
ʥλĸµıʥĸıѹȻϣϼʼδöˣҶֶ۵ȷߣȴȴʥһ
һȣ
һƽͻȻϼͷ֮ԻԼ˵ע
˾㵵ؿеҶȣһɹ֮вˣȻŷҶȵΪȻһҲǶ̶ʮ꣬ҶȾȻ󾳽磬ΪһĻ
һǸ߲㣬ĺġ
Ҷȳи߲㱧ȭƽĿڵҶȷҪһϣʥĺԡʥĸҴã
ʥλĸüһׯ֮дŭ⣺㴦ã
Ҷȣ
˵ˣĺʥĸɹӣһ˵һԱǷӦʥ
ף
Ҷ֮𾪡£ֵĹأҶҲԼĹأǾҵ󣬲ܱκıҶȶҪִãһҶҪĹϼʼʥλĸλǰԼʥȫ
˻һΧʿȻ𺳣ǰ˴ɹ֮Լһϣƺû뵽ҶȻ˵ⷬһӸ˵
ϼʼҲŭʥӦ㣬Ժǳ£˶Խأûзȣûйأ
ǰ¿ԴӦ㣡Ҳҡͷ
ɻʺЦؾǹأɹ֮ҲҪʥأҶȣҲһӣѵ㲻Ӧʥأ
Ҷȣʥһʥ۵ͷ
֮ԱǵЦԼɹ棺һħ뿪̫ʱճȥո뿪⵽ԾɹĸְĻվʱҶҪһʥ𣿡
ɭϵǶ˽㲻ܣǻͷǣ
ҶȴҪ¶һ̹ȻЦݣŪΧ󲿷ֶףͻȻʼ磺ȻˣҶ޷ùǼҲ壬뿪
ʥλĸڱŭ𣺡зȣ˵㣡
벻ҶȻ뷨뿪ҶȣɲЦǷߵĴͥǺòײ磬ô뿪
һͷҶȴݲȣǿһɨоͷλҶȴͷβû˵һ֣ҲǴӸտʼڣҶԼҪ߾ߣ


2336 
Ҫ߾ߣ
˻һǿһɹ֮ɫ䡣
һйоصĵطκ˶ԽһͷҶȾȻ˵Υ淨ȵĿԡ
ҶС̫ˣΪﻹɽ磬Ǿͷ£ʲô
ͥӪ֮УЦúϲ£졣
ش۰۴ҶѰ·뿴һĻԼǳ֣ͷҲܷŹǣ
ش۶Ҷȵĺ⣬شٶ٣ȷһţ˵ĺܶԣ磬ݲֿˣֻҪҶһǾܰѿˣ
Ҷչֵļǿƣֶ̫ۡۡ顢ն졢ˣҲɫ㣬ҪҶԶվһ
ͬˣ
ǵĵʮ֮УΪ̵ģɾҲԽˡ
Ҫסʥλĸȱ̬ûŭȴһǿҵơ
ҶԳΪ֪Ծ뿪糬ͷЩصϣҲʧǲǣ
˭ṫȻ˵ԼϵģҶǵһˣĿ֮¡
ѾҶȣ뿪Ժκ£޹أ
ң
ԭǹĵˣĵˣڴʱȺ֮зɳһӰȻʮҶߣҪҶȵһͬ뿪
ʮ㲻ǸողŰͶ𣿵ҲϷ㲻ԴСط̤Ԫʼ񣬵˱ĺô⣿ѰʦҪ뿪ÿͬͬ⣡
һߴʥͷ󷽻߳
ҶȾ;úϤȻ뵽ʮĪаʱ߶ĹϽ𹬣һ־
ߡ
һۣһɣƺ֮С
ͥӪ֮Уһλ߿߹ϵЦʥյĵӣûﰡ
ʮֻһϣͬҶ˵΢Ϊʥһ仰Ҳһֱȴּ⽵٣һȾǼԪҪ⼸Ԫ磬ѾǵͽλԪʼΪô࣬ͷӹ𣿡
ʥ㿴⸱ʥΪʦѡҾټ㣬ΪûйУֻȥĵίȫ𣿡
ʮԹ
ʥɱһȣϻȻѰͶ£Ҫ뿪ʦţʦģȻҪάʦϣԼҪ߿ԣҪϳΪЩ棬ԴӲ˶ߣҪûأͳΪһɢɳ
ҶֹʮԷִȥɨоͷ֪ʥ˼˻˼ҺŪ
أǵȷܾ뿪ϼʼһŮӣƢʤһӡ
˼ˣƽ֣벻ջҪ֣
ҶͻȻ¶һЦݣΪһ㴰ֽͱˣڣʥȻҪҵΪб¾͹һԣ
ͣ
ճڣҶȵ˫ֻͫ΢΢һĨת⡣
ǰԶµĺԼʥĸȻڵĿռ䣬ͻȻ˺ƿŮͷطͷ֮Ե¡

ĺԣ
ʥλĸԼϼʼͬʱһԼӾȻƤӵ£նɱǵǵ档
ɱŭ𲻵ͷţʥ֣ȻҶȵ˵˵ˡ
Ҷȴһ£ֻǲ뿪˲ɱ΢ҶȻ˵˺֮ˣ˭øۣҶ˵ɽʱͥѹҵͷϣջǱҲڽ£Ҫ̤磬Ҿܴ̤磬ʥ㲻ҪҵΪԣһʶߵ
ͽͽ
ʥһֻϺ꣬ĺԡʥĸȻ˲ɱһͽλҲûеҶȽ֣ΪԷڳɱˡ
ʥնɱͽ
ͥӪ˶ߺ
ҶȲ棬ںȳ⣺һ֮ѣҶҪߣ˭סУǲҪˣĺԡʥĸдȣѵֻϴɾӣȡǵͷǲΥȣȷȻʲôãֻܸЩ˽ˣơˣЩͷҺʧֲвû䣡
ϼʼŭٴβţΣֲڴ۵
оͷѰҶȵ˵ͽϳͣȴ˵ˣҾҶȻдµ򣬵ȷΪĺʥĸʥЩͲнһĻ
ɻĵʵۣѵƫ̻ҶȲɣ
׵ɻ֣²ƫֻ̻Ǿ£ǲһҲѷȷУһ飬ҶһλǾɳһ֣ͬҶȰˣԶһǾҶȵ뿪
ͷ
ʾͬȻоͷȷҪһһƽҲ޳ɣĸʼ˼
ʥλĸ֪ΣȻˬӦû⣬ƣϰɣ
˵֮󣬾ʹͥӪ֮߳һӡ
ҲûϰɣϼʼЦ·֪ǲж಻
ۼƳ֣ɫ΢΢仯
ȻҶͬĽ飬òϰɣҶûۻףվҲ˵
벻ҶȶѾ̤񡭡
ƺ󷽵ͥӪ֮УаԼ˫ʥȷߣ֪ҶΪĸ
شۡۡشۡţͷҲҪͣŶ꣬Ҫ֪ǻδ̤
࣬ǳĲ࣡
˼˼벻֮ʣ͸һݴ񣡡
ǲ߳ҶȾȻ¶һݵЦݣΪڵΪԸӦʵĴڣһЩΪߵʿ
ǰԾʥλĸµǿ߲ƣʵһʣֲʥλĸҪɳˡ
һλ񣬼ǷߣʵӦôﵽλ߶ȣʵҶһλԿĻȻǲռݾơ
Ծʥλĸ־ͷȻҲûаյ̣̫ΪǣΪҶֻһŰˡ
Ҷȴϰʱ纺ֶۡն졢ġɾ˶û˿ɫ
ʮ֮ǰۼ֤Ҷľ
ͽν
ƾȻЦһĿĺȻȻҪô˻ᣬսҶնɱ
ž
ֻ˵꣬Լ˶ûзӦ˲ϢҶȾĺ󷽣ָȻ֮ϡ
¡
Ʊ¡
ôܣ
ԼһͷӶ
ಣ
ӰһزҶȾƷƣȻصԭƮİգʲôҲû˵תա


2337 ٽ
Ҷȵ˷ߣʣߣʥĳϡͷһĿɿڴʲôǺҶһλȴ˲ƷǺεȵʵ
ţҶȲδйš
벻ʧһţʱǻڲ֪Ҷ˵Ĳ϶뾡취ֹһз
ɻͻȻ̾ʱҶȣ뵽УʱʥҲǴδйš
У
Ҷȣ
˱ؽԶʷ֮У̫Ƶĵطţ뿪֮У޷ĨĴ档
ˣʱŲͬ뷨顣
̫ʱգ
ڸоɡڶˡƵǡߡ
Զʱգ鶼ãҶоӲնѪ
ߣ
һߣʺټҪǿաԦٶȣԼȻļԦҪԽˣͨԦͷŷȵ
Ҷһںߣһ飬ٶȸӾˣҸ涼һ߶ߣԸƿ
һٶѾֲܿˣټߵĻҪﵽز
ĪаѴﵽĿģ콣һӡĳʱգӵҵϢӦÿ׸ӦĴڣ
ɳ̫ʱ֮ҶȾڿһжԴ˽죬ǶԼסεˣʵǿҲҶӵеһɾ޴
һ̤죬Ҷȹúܳʱ䣬鶼ò࣬Ȼ뵽һŵԣĪа񣬵ӡ콣ںϴһâȻǰʱ֮С
磬´ټʱҶȱȻǿߣ
Ҷֶ۵ҪȥϢһ޷ţǿǴ˵еĴڣǶԣǲڵĵط
ٺȻҶߣҶȣȻҪȥУ޾ɣҲҪ취ҵգ㣬ɳٶ̫ˣӦҲֵ˰ɣ
ޣ
е޷رܵġ
ޣ
˵ҶȻ޴ɽ磬ʵϷ仯ٱһϣһڵ¡
˽ÿ˶УҶʮԸ뿪ʵȴˣҪǿֻиȥѰҿ壬Ҳֻзٿ԰޲ǿ
ޣ
żͷޣҶ̫ᣬҲСβͣҶȻǹϰ޽١
أ޷ͬİĽ
纺ֶۡնҲ᲻ޡ
ˡ
ͻȻˡ
һҶȴƽһ벻ͨ²͸ʱȴ֪ٵ뷨ȥϾȥ죬ҪʱٱϴλҪãô޷ֱҶȻᡣ
Сģ߲ʱյѹǻҲԳܣ
֮󣬵纺Ϊףʮֶ۵ˣʱշȥ
ҶڵٶȣȥҲֻҪһ깦
âǰֵһ̾ûޣҶֻԼ֮Լ磬ϴһγɹ죬Ҷ
ȣҶҪѳ纺ˣ֮У־Ļ˲Ϣͱѹ촷ۡ
ˣ
ԼΪʼӴâһṦҶȾʹ纺âˮǰ
ֻˮںϣʼӴˮݣһ󹦷ˮݾͽҶȵϢʼֻû״̬Ҷȳûǣ纺С

գۼ䣬˾ʹˮݣڴĵͶ硣

ѹʱϯѾ׼ǱòϺˣɢ㻹Ǽ
ơԼˡūڵʱգкܳ룬ǵһʱ䣬ǻϣ
ҿԺ֮ܲУҲǴ֮ڵľͷҲŵ֪Ҳӵ񼣵ģ
ǿԣ
벻Ҳ񼣣ˣǺ֮˵ڴ֮зУٶȲ죬ȴҲٶȡ

ɫ纺ȻȶȻԶֻ纺ǳԷУ˵ʵǸ
˿ʼǰУֻʥٶȣѾҶȺܶ౶ˣֻԱٶڴ֮ǰ
һȥ纺Ȼλ񣬵ĵĳ̶ȣٴ߶֮ǡҶߣҶǿʱʱ̿κ˺ǰС
ǧ꣬ҶȲӦơϢ
ʱǰ֮дϴ󣬹Ҫͻƻûǳȥֲɽ٣̫װϢ¶ȥ
񣿡
ʮڴ֮УԳơͿ̤Ԫʼ۷壬Ӷ̤
ֹȥʮ꣬ڣǰһ磬ɳ磬ʣ¾뵶ūбչС
˫֮Ҷǰ纺ڽ֮УȻһ磬Űֶۡն졢ۡʮ˴ӹ֮лΪҶΪǵ죬˳֮󣬲δܵκӰѹȡ
ûҶȣֻԶһ̤벽ͻᱻѹ
Ҷˣ֮󶼲ʼУմĻ
źһУҶȲơ翪ʼ߳磬߶ˮʼˮݽӴ
ֻһṦ˾ѻصУҶųơһˮϿգһػ˶ɽ٣Էϴɽʱǿ߰·ɱ
죬ײ֮С
һѪɫâͷţֻ֮У̫ʼֻ֮ſƴѹͬʱһֱ֮С
ʱԼ򣬷·𶼻Ϊһͷâʴڡ
̫ʼֻ֮֮УմĻҲ쳣ǿ
ˡ
ͻȻӡΧʣȻʼ𽥵ػΪһ
Ȼڴ֮Уͷ֮һ
ˣ
֮Уһ̫֮ʼͬʱֹͣС
̫ʼȲʵʱȥѰԼֻ𣿡
ţʱˣŬô꣬ѪӤɣߴﵽ״ֻ̬Ҫں񼣾ҾܳΪߣҲҪõ֮УǾ׵
֮䣬˲飬Ȼٴ磬ѾܵѹȣͬʱϷķȥٶȺܵѹȸӵԡ
䣡
ͻȻȫԽһʱϷɫĸ߿գͻȻƺһҵҪ˺顣
̫ʼ˴󶯾вõԤС
֮󣬾Ȼһ޴ķƬӸ߿׹
ܣ
ץסһĻŴĻ̫ʼæ·ȥǾ޴ķƬϵ׹Ǹ߽λ񣬱ƬУ϶Ҳᱻҳ࣬ٲҲûʵԿ
ܿ죬Ƭ͸Ƭʱգ泾ͬĢһ𣬿Ľķ棬Ӧöġ


2338 ɱ
֮
Ҷȡơٴλص죬˳ɽٳɹΪͷʵ֪߶ٱҪǱݵĴУԴԼת̫ʥ
ɽоգ˴ʱʵδﵽˮ׼Ҫص֮У¹˶ãʵҶȡ
㹦ҶٴʩչֶͨΣδ֮С
߽λ޷죬ȴڵͽλνҪ紫Ʊػ𶯡
֮У˼˶֮Уһʯ
ûдκˣҶȡơҲʼУʿԣҪʲôʲôʱ䣬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ڴ춨ɳΪͷ
ĿǰħܶҪ֮Уûдľħ󣬾ֳħħ󣬲ܳΪԶľ
ҶڹעоͷŴսӡϼħ΢΢һӾסע

Ȼڴĳطйǹϵĵڣ˵ħԼħ
ٿūѾҪͻ񣬴ﵽ߽λԪʼ񣬶ҶҲֵϢڴ֮вܵƣһͷš
ڲ̤ʮߣԼʮΪҲͻƣʮǵͽλԪʼ˲񣬾ʱУ̤
Ҷȡ纺ơ֮⣬˶ҪҪʱ̤񣬶뵶ūѾԶ
벻֮еѪԼϸྦྷĻ
գۣʮȥ
ͨմҶѾһλԲ̤λڲ鿴ʱѪ̺֮һЩϢе𺳡
ʮ꣬ڲӵؾϢǵʲô
ҶӵУ纺ơҲϢ纺࣬ΪΪߵԭ
ƺںĴ֮УྦྷϢ
ơ硢Ҷ˶˵⾧ϢǸӦϢ쳣·һĴڡ
纺˼һᣬͻȻ¶ϲЦݣǡԪǻͨдܵԪʹӵгԽĽԼͨܣܳΪڵԭ򣡡
Ԫ
߼ʥл죬ΪӵлԪ
ϧ̫ޣǽﵽ̬ͨݺĽȻ⣡
ʽΪһ񣬽ţҶȿʼڶԴԼ΢ĻԪںϽ֮С
һӤҲڰ˻һɱ䣬ŵâۣѾΪʵ״̬оԪγɵľ࣬ҶѾռ֮
ڴ̫žԴУдбԴµĴ䱦㹻ӤС
Ԫ󲻶ᣬŷȼգٶȼӿ죬Լ֮ڴﵽһɴСҶҲӿٶӡ
Ȼ֮ʣһɴСԴʼתɲǼ仯ΪһһߴСԴƯڵһԴԱߡ
漴飬ͬڱܣܿͳһ˺Ѫۣʴë׿ʼ
Ҷͻƶλ񲻾ãҲʼͻƶλǶ˲ȱУ죬ǶɱĿʼ
ת̫ʥǿĴڣͨһսðռͬģעΪʷǿĴڣҲϸ֮·
ͻƲãüľֳһۣ֮УϡԼĳռ·ϵĿųƣȴƽǴ֮л
ħħħ塢ѪȣӵʥͬϢԶħʥޱȵĴڡ
˼ͬʱͻƶλͬҲѾﵽ۷塣
ˣҶҪʼ뿪죬ص֮жɽ٣̫߼ɽ٣˵٣Ȼܰѹ飬Ҷȡơڴɽ٣Ҳûаճɹ
ֶۡˡͷ۵ȴﵽ۷壬ҪЩȴ֮󣬵˶۷壬Ҷȣ뿪졣
䣡
߿С
ֶۡն졢ġɾ̫ۡ顢۴ɡͷ߾𡢴ˡĭɽۣһʮߣȻͬʱ١
ʮټںɽʮǿߣʼһͬɽ٣ÿһ˶ɽ֮еĿţ֮УȻҲǳͣɽ²Ĵ档
ϴλȻûиӦ޵˵Ϣ֪ھôˣ
ƯԶգΪ˻ҶȣĿͻȻ̫飬Ҳ뵽޵ˡ
ϧһδ޵˵ϢҪһ棬֮У뾪ϲ໨Ŵۣ޵ҲǾڣһԪһԪ˵㹻ﵽ߶ȡ
ˡ
˸ոնɹһ٣һͻȻ֮´ն
ץУ߶֮洫ҶȣϴĲ죬ǿУȴҲ޷վߣĵȷܹ֣ίˣյҵϣҿԼһ˵ʵ෽棬Ҳкܶ಻֮Էģһķߣһչˣ
ۡϴȷǰһѣƽ֣»޷뿪
벻ۣҶȰ˾Ǻģ˴ͷĪǴǿҵҪ£ң
Ҳԣʵȥһ֣һĶ֡
òԼ棬ҶȻ۴һҪ˵ʱ֮Уһʱػȥһ档
ˡ
һžѪͻȻ֮С
ԲѪػ˶ɽ٣ÿ
Ѿӵߡߡֻߡߡߡͨ塢ʵټߣﵽŵ߶ȡ
Ѫ֮ʼںһѪö֮ҶͻȻֲÿӦܼȻ֮еĸֻһеơ
ߵ
֮˶˳̤Ҷְ˴ش֮УصֿʼǱޡ
纺Ѿλ̤Ľλʵ֮ǿģʮҲһλԪʼ񣬱仯ˣȻѡ뿪ǶʧҲǸԤ֪ҶȵĲ
ͬڿռͷųΪһ壬쾹Ȼܶѹȣƣʵǻ
ûٿԽ󾳽磬˶ڳµĸ߶ȣʮȥҶȴˡūȥͻƻ񣬽Ȼ˳Ƿ׷̤
ʮȥָһ㣬˾Ȼڴ֮ﵽꡣ
֮ʮѾ̤Ԫʼʮ˳ͻƻҶȡơѾ̤λ纺һͻƣΪλ


2339 ףڤ
ʮ߾ɱģΪǴ񣬶ԪʼԻһЩ֮󣬰УҲ޷󲽿Խ
֮ҶȡơŴﵽλ纺Ҳֻλ֤񾳽Ѷжߡ
Ԫʼ񣬰ԴһλԪʼ񣬽ﵽһλ񣬿ԽʮСݣԼһ󾳽硣
꣬˾ռҲԽԽСԽߣԽ䣬Խ߼ԦѶǰ֮УλѾһͷ߽λǶ޵Ĵڣ񣬳˴ɹ֮ԼˣҶȻδʶĸ߽λͷ
ʥʵĴڣҲֻǻڵͽλ
ÿһУ֪Ѵﵽٸ꣬Ƕԣֻһ˲䣬ǵ¶ԼԪ㡣
ٸԪУǲŴﵽ߽λѣҶ˽꣬ڻ񾳽֮ͻƣ⴫ȥ¶˶𶯡
֮ȣʲô
ģֶۡն졢˵ȷߣ̤߽λԪʼ֮û취ÿʿҪԵģԽߣԽҪȻ򣬻ǿΪ
֮УûκһˣҶȡ纺ơȼʱ䣬˽ͻƵĻᣬʿһһ
ʮˡūҲһʼᵽͻƿǴҲ޷ǿͻơ
ֻܴ޷ġԪȷЩֻпĥ
Ȼƿ˻ץסѵõĻᣬڴС

޵
Ԩķ泱ʪ֮УϢڳʪڰϢȴ˸ŵʮâ
ÿһâǺڰĹ󣬵͸ʥĻһâƺһ硣
ٽһȥʮâԭһڵ
Զŵһʮ٣
ˡ
磬ʮâͻȻ𶯡
һҶâ֮УһӰÿһӰһ߲㣬Ӱֶʮԭͬһˡ

ʮ֮зһ۰֮ΣҵǿɣʮطֻҪҲԶ䣬ҵҲǴҵŲ뵱꣬ʱ׳֮ҵ֮нʮ磬ϧ뿪ˣĽ磬ʮʱգ
վ߲֮ϵķҶ΢΢ﶯ֮ͫиһĨɣгΪδʮ磿
˭֪˼ģոյĽʱҵʶֻӤ̶ȣȻҵԼӵеǱǲǸ¿ҵĽ飿
ưĽ磿
ӵõԴžı𣬼ڵĸ߶ȣҲᳯⷽ룬Ҷԣ뱾־Ͽ֮ˣ㱾ߣɴµ־ǴǻԶϵһıҶԣΨһĲ޺ڰǴӺڰ֮н٣㱾У£Ҳܳɳĸ߶ȣڵңǰʮ֮һʱҪʮ˲Ҫһ̫ڤʲôֻǻ絮֮γɵˣҿǴµ
ʵԼҪ׷洴ĸ߶ȣ˼Ѳ³һЩΪ壬㲻ˣҪĽѴµ֮ȻԽǲǣҹڴĳһȥǰӶǿǲǣ
ߣκ嶼Լ׷ĽǿĴڣĽҶԣʲôҳС㣬ıһӵˣˣҲҪǺڰڰҵıԴ㱾ȴǹ֮ںϣ
뱾δǿԼ㣬ʵԼҪʲôԷȥαǿˣ뱾һ뷨ıϣǾǳΪǰǿߣ㲻ͬǣֻһ۷壬Ŭ֤Լһ죬ǵĲ̤֮ʱգ㻹ǰѡʮĴңҵʮѾɣ
úúãʮǴʶ֮е񹦣ңҲֻбϿɵ˲У
ʮ˵֮֮һͫһĲϵӿҶȣɭɭ˵ϣܰʮ£ҳʮÿһӵ˲һԼκ˸һֱĸ߶ȣϧԼ޷ģ
֮ʮһͬ˴󷽰ʮڸңʵҼﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ
̫ƻˣ
˲ʧʮٵÿһֺâҲƽϢ
ʮ˲
ء
ӵĺ𽥵졣
񹬸ͻأøӺڰԭǴʿǿߡӿγ֮
ǿ̫ˣһһƺƵҶԪʼΪϵľǿߣд󲿷ֻǻ
ء
ڼΧҲۼߡ
֮С
ʮ˲ƿߣԼǿߣڴ֮оۼϷվߣÿһΪ֪ﵽεȵĳ̶ȣǵϹŶʵҲʮ߲࣬˿ɱȵģ֮κһˣʸΪס
С٣
ʥŮӴһʱΧ֣һ֣еǿ߶ӭ
𽥵֮ᣬܿͳһ۵ڤ
ڤֶ׵ڤλߣ
֮Уһλһɽߵһֱ֮УǵΪҲﵽƿֻдĻԪͻƣΪ̫ڤִڣϧǵȲ죬εõÿһߣԼͷųһС㣡
ڤĴλ߾ޣڤε̾
·֮УװӴɹ׹ϣ˵С㣬λִ֣ѵ٣ӭϣڳ֮ˣԼʮ˲ӭһͿ̿
ͬʱԣĿģϣСƿشȨλһˣҲҪŽԿ٣
ߡ
ԵλߵĴڣͬʱڤ
ڤԲһߣͫһĨ⣺λǵĴǵԸڤòڤʹ˴Ӧλߣӽ쿪ʼڤΪڶλףƸ״Ȩ
ף
ٴιһǱ鶼óϷ
ݼף
Եͷÿһǵվ۷Ĵڣߣʮ׶ڤ¡
ΧͻȻĵââ֮У̫ĹӰǺڰȻҲС
ӰڤʾϿ볼
Ŀ֮£ڤһһͫûһ˿ˣתһ̣ͻȻΪһ޴âۡ


2340 ż
âչͬһڤر
ţ𣡡
һΣ߶£һڤͶ𾴡
ڼУȴ͸żֵ⡣
ţ
ɲǴӴ֮⣬ӿ𵴵Ļ֪жٵǿߣڴʱ˿ŵ¹
λ𣡡
ͬʱʮ˲ÿһ񷣬춯ڤϵĵ֮ڴʱ˿̣˶ܼλ֮ϵڤ
һУڤıԴ־ںϣ̫ڤƿʮ˲ںϡ
ʱǿ׵ˡ
־
޵
ʮϷеķȵ˫ۡ
ڣ˵ˣСӣ̫ڤСӵĺڴʱںϵԴϵ״λǵڶγ̫ڤʱ㶯ʲôҼǵ̫ڤ䣬ʮ˲ڰԪ֮ڣ֮ʿУ

̧ͷڰ񷣬ƺܼڤǵ񹬣߶Ԫ񣺡С㣬˵ߣ𣿡
벻־ܴ͸ʮ˲޽ʱơ
ڤϲӦѾƣߴϹŶǸ游״˵ĴڣҲǵ길״֮󣬷ֱƿصȨĴڣǵĻұΪȨ׸ıķ򡣡
ӦЩˣ
ϣյ䣬׵λҪÿһʽһ취ȴǿȻ󡭡ϣͨ㣬ѵȡκж׷׸ıѹĹơ
ڤƱΣԭѾ׼ҲӦǣҲ뾡취õȨ˵һֵ硢ɽ硢磬Ȼǲλ޷ı䣬ΪҲѡΪףȨ֪мƻȻ뾡취ڷԼǣȨϣӻʵ䷴
ɫһҪ𣿡
Ŀǰ֪Ĵ󲿷ּƻΪ硢ɽ硢硢ıɡŴԶŵԪһֱĳһ״̬֮Уƻ죬޷ֵ٣жıҪƻ죬ʧȥ죬͵ʧȥһУͻȡжɽ硢磬ҽԸ٣ΪϣǾţջ٣ӭĿǰǻᣬѾǰͿʼȡжһһ֪Ƕ򣬽ȥı𣡡
ڤܹϵ˵
ԭˣģһһֱߣҪʲôһᾡɣѡҲǱ뿴ģ
Ӧ֮ڤ֮ʧȥ
̫ˡһȺ¿
ȻõϢа⣺Ǹ֪Ϊһֱ״̬ԭ򣬺ٺ٣ҺϢһֱ벻컹дô޴࣬һĽ綼군군ͺãĽ֮߾ͿҵΪ¯ɴ񵱳Ըʮ磡
񹬣
λ̺ܼ򵥣Ҫʽ񹬴֮Уʮڤǰ
ڤ΢΢һŭڱȱ𣿡
׿ͷףǲңʱ̬ȣǱگ֪ʮ˲ټ׼磡
֮ϵڤ顢ֹȫǰͬͻȻһŭȻλЩǷҪȥģǿ϶ȥڵܶʱգ೼񻹲֪λһЩϵ־Ҫȥ㱾ҪټҲҪ֪λϢĿǰȰһλʽ׼ãǸ֪ͨÿһߣԼͷˣʽ֮ϣ£Чֱ´﷨ּҪúܶɣǱλһǲִкõĻǱ£ǿǲΥ־
Ȼʮ׾ȻûпڤҲδǣӵ£뿪
ߣŵλ˵⣿
֪ǲλ
ǸλãҲ
ˣʽǷ涨ģ޷ѹߴ߱һ̣´﷨ǿ϶ҪִеģҲգҪ֪ͨԾʽ֪ÿһǼԪڣδڣеʱ䣬ֻеһܣ
ۣʱ״ڴߣʱʱ̼̿һһɲҪɫϣӵ̫ڤѪĴڣںϵģ
һһ뿪һ˽½š
ԭɫ粻֪жìܡ
磡
֮Уֹ֪ȥʮ꣡
ΪһֱзƬӴ׹Щ棬ʹﵽڵʱգ
һЩƬʱʱ׹һЩ
Ӱֻ֮ţϵܷʣ̫ʼ
ѾöãǶȥ񼣣ʱ̫ʼʧȥǷ򶨡
ãһطƬ
ոյ֪Ͽճֱڡ𵴵ĺˣ̧ͷһ̫ʼˣȻǴһƬ׹ȻûдƬ˾ˣ
ҲҪѲƤಡ
һ·ȥ׹ٶȳǣֶ࣬
Сģ
ڴΣ֮ʱͷһʵʵķ㣬֪һϷһӶƬݺݵһץͰз׹켣ƿ
ǿ
ӣ
Σ˻⣬ȻŻ̫ʼæ·ա
ǸոշߣǰͳһӰŵö˺󼸲Ǵ죬ݺɽ硢磬ڴʱʱ̶̿ɥܡ
òȻǵҶйʵӣţ
Żʾ˲ҪǿϷԭһƬ棬պôӺ׹£̫ʼȥñУһغ
ķݵ𣿡
ȻȣɫԵú࣬Ϊĵط̫ʼ֪ʲôƣһʱƿԡ
Ŀ⣬ϣ㡭ղ棬ʩչѵߣ
ΪͨʿȻ㲻ҲӲǿųѱȵԴһת
㲻ߣѵǵõ񼣴еˣ
ǿԼУһ
ô˵ǶǿԼ죿
¶һݾ㵡
౧ȭȷˣ¿һЩߵֶΣľһУ죡
ţš˾Ȼȳ̶ȣźȻԤ֮ӣҲмܵõ񼣵ĴСܰ뱾£Ʊֶһǿ
Ű˼⣬Ŀڻ̫ʼϣֻͷ𺳣ֻ֮ۺޱȣֻߣ
̫ʼɲ࣬Ͷ༰ʱ˵˼䣬ǿǰԵȻöࣺһλֻߣ˷죬Ҫҵֻ񼣣
Ե֣Ե֣ڽλţһпע˵ʵֻҲһϵλÿα汾ȥϢһʱ䣬Ȼɱȥڵʱգ


2341 ٻɽ
̫ʼضǿİˣԵ顣
ǰ
һǿ·˵֮ãҲڴ⣬ôҪıͳˣ޷Žֵġ
ͷŵĽ籣ǣõķƬ
˲ϢһâˣȻҲ񷲻Ϸȥ
ֵ·׹ķԽԽ࣬˵չȥջΪһƬ֮ء
̫ʼɻ󣬶ѯʴһЩţ˫ԽԽϤ
Ĵ죬һƬ棿ǲǣԣΪǴײ磬ʿ˵ã˶ջӵǿ̵Ļ壬û֮ʹ͵ƣԼּκǲܽģǳ˵֮⣬ܿԼΨһ
ǿ磬һ磿ҾǼ򻯣쵮Ժ󣬾ĽϷģǱĽʱգҲÿʿ׷۷ʥأԹ֮Ҳ񼣵ƿߣһͬƿش磬ԼڲôԪõ֮ĻѾܶ࣬ܶ࡭ѾｨҲΪͬʱһӵгǳءĴڣԶţֻһ֮Լٵǿߣ
ҪȥʱգƿصĵһǿԶŴ񣬿Ȼ֮Ϊûʸƿ񼣣ȴڴ콨һΪһΪʱա
ʱΧһ޴ޱȵ֮ΪǻʱաΪλ֮ƿص񼣣ǡ񼣡Զʬۻ񼣣
ʴƬʱգһ塯ˣǧҪǾִߣҪ˭˭ͱ
Ų߿գһ·ŵ಻Ϊ֪ܡ
ʱգ
ǻʱգ
һ֮һԶǿ߾Ϳڴ콨һ½ʱղ࣬ڴʵۣ˿ɹܡ
Žࡢ̫ʼܸʱյţöһֱھ֮УֻҪûʿԶ֪жƮء
Ͷһʱա
λȥҵƿҲ޷ͻƣδ֮ãڴ˽ɣΪԪʼǻ񣬿Ѿһͷ̧ͷɵ̤ʱ𣿲ܣǻñøǿʱǾͻصУ´λʱΪʵһδ
֮У
˶ͣУ׷վҶȡ纺ơǰΪͻƣҶȾ뿪죬ص
˭ȥû취ʵԵϸ߲ĴʱգʱУ˵ռ仹졣
˺ҶȽӡ֮󣬳ˣ˶Ҷȹ֮С
ҶλΪ߶ˮںߡߡĸͨˮѲ¡
ʱ˳֮С
ڷ߼Ƕ뿪ǽӽĴڣ㹻ʵȥġ
ˣǰаħ𣬰ǰʵһֱʥߣаħȴ󲿷˻Ҫ壬ⰢҪõеܻѣĿǰǻ֪û˵õУʱֱܣԳԻϣ֮У˿ԳΪ񼣵ߣ
һ뿪в
Ҷȴȡ֣ؽУ޷ѣתҲ٣
֮󣬵𰢱Ǿĭɽʧ
磬콣֮ǰΪʵֳŵҲĪаУӴԺĪаƿо׽ˣҵͳ
ְ콣
նҶһͬٷֿսкĻֻڸҶӸһͬȥ
ֻʣֶۣͿ̤񣬲Ҫܳʱ䣬Լ˲̤
Ҷȵֶ۶һ֮бСģҪСһֱʧȥࡣ
ֶ۴οȥһڷ߼ʮˡūȥͬʱ
𽥵գ·һʱգЦǺǵϴ󣬽ǲǸûɽһˣǿǸɪʱҪڳǵ췭ظ
ϴѣϢ˶оһŭ𣬴ɽòݷ磬Ҳֻһɹĵطˡ
÷̤磬ʱô߷磬ҽȥɽǿǣʹﵽΪ֮УжٵĲ֮ˣȫ磬ǽǶô˼һ֧ҵɢĴԪԪпܴ׹硢ɽ֮УǱնԿͷֶΣٴ̤ߵĴʱգѰǵ񼣣ʵ˵Ѱ񼣣ڴ涼ѣȷҪһɽ磬ҲգȥټˣһѰҴԪҲҪڼƻʲôıҶǵõڹ֮Уʮǿ߰ɣ˹˵Ե֪ţ
ã½磡
硢׷¶ɫԼ紴ʱգдǿߡ
߶ǧͼʼֻʮ꣬˾ͻصṳ̂ڻݾߣ֮󣬽һЩǲڹ
ı
Ѳô߶ǣͷҶȾѿԴ˴Ȼֻһʱ˾ķ֮С
ͷŸӦδʿϢǱҶ׷ٵִѾ硣
ɽȥҶѾд߶龻֣ӦɽʱգѰҴԪϢ
ϢʮǿʢǴӹͥ
ڴһ棬ɽ߿գˣ޽֮һʱա
ˡ
ԺȻӿһ֮ǻ龻ָӦһԪϢɽһʱ֮С
ҶȻǾȥͥһˣƼܼĵϢȻдʿɽ֮У;ơнӴ׷״֪ڰиϵֶϡ
ƿնƼƯ޽֮ɽ֮ĹͥмЦүүģȻӦʮԵϢͥͣߣشȶͥԸǣξ͸һˣ
мͷʿܶ࣬ԼмˣɲСĿǻûŪż
ͥΪǿߵӪء
Ū֮Ҷһ᣺ɣǷֿжŪɽȻȥֶңȥǷݴԪ
ûҶ纺ɽȥһĥĵģȴǿקϢпͥ


2342 ѰҴԪ
ɽ磡
ϢҶ纺ʹ޽֮ɽ磬һϵɽʱգӦǧɵȴûֶ졢޼һ
ˡ
˴һ֮ʱҶԺ֮ӿ龻֣Ԫ֮¡
߶֮Ϣ֮С
һ壬Ѿħˣ
ǧıˮ磬Ǻ֮壬Ǻ֮纺ȻӺӦһڲͬ塣
ΪԪƬıˮ˶γɣϧ߻ħȻҲһԵ֣
ףȻһïʢˮ֮УƯһ̳̳øʯɣһλŮڽ֮УϢͫ˿ȼյħ档
ٿ
һָӡŮӺ޷Ӧ֮£üġ
͵һŮӸе־壬ָӡ֮ӿ뾪âڿʼ죬֮𽥻ָƽ
Ե֮Ĵڣÿ԰㻯ħ֮һرɣҾرĴߣ
ҶȻҰӿŮԺȡرҲ㲹Ȱ㻯ħȻΪˮϵϣ㽫Ҳ֮ΪĿ꣡

һӡͬʱźһץײʯѣ¶һâϤ棬֮УһƴСƬӡ
ſռͻȻŤָƽŮƯڷ̳ƺѰҳ֮ˣϧΪܸӦĴڡ
ա
Ѱȥ̫ˣɽܾ޴ͨʮǾӵʮƬ޴ɽ磬ҷǳңԶŴƬһҲɢЩɽ֮УƬɽͨѰң纣ȥңԶɽ磡
õһԪƬҶȲδж˷ܡ
˼һᣬͨͷǣ纺а֣߶ɽ籾Դ֮Ȼ߶ǧͼɽ֮ĺڰʱշȥ
˾ѷɳڵľɽ磬ǰããգûʱգֻƯʯʣԼ̹ǵ˵Щֵһᡣ
˲֮д󣬴ǧͼһ꣬δﵽĿ꣬Ҷˣ磬¼粻ʱ꣬뿪ɽ磬봦ʱ֮ңԶɽ硣
֮ʱʱ̿ɣǰڰһ˸ӶϢ纺ֳ绨Цݣ˲Ϻգһͬͺ嫴ɽ硣
Ҷٶȣͳλ񣬶ɽ֮У͵õɽ籾ԴϿɣɽߣǵһˣҶȶɽ籾ԴƿأŴǵȴڣҲ޷ȼ磬߿ظߡǧͼȵͨɽռٶƵڶûκ˸ҳƵһЩ֮
ʮϢ֮ǰճǳ߲â纺̾㿴ǰǴɽʱգԭҲӵоŵʱգ
ɽκһɽ磬ӵоŲʱգǴĴɽ磬ӦöǾؿռ䣡
ҶҲ棬ͷŸӦ
ɽʱգľӢǿߣ֮ʱҶȾϢԼ˴ɹ֮ʴǰɽʱӦûӦϤϢ
Ȼü¶һЦݣԭǰɽʱ֮УȻӵ۵Ϣ
Ҳ˵ƬɽǾ۵ʱա
ˡ
ջظӦ֮ʣ֪һǿҵϢŻ龻ӿֶ
ˣ۾ȻҲصɽ磿
ԭ龻ӿףǸӦԾ۵ǿϢҶȸеܾ㵣Ȼ˵ԾΪҪͨ£ȴûбҪصɽ磬̫Ԫû½塣
ǣȴĹصɽʱա
þϴδҪһۣȻˣҶȾ۷һȥɽʱգӦҲӦ纺Ϣ
ҶƿǵϢǶԷҲȻҶȵϢ
Ҷȣ벻Ҳɽ磬͹
ɲǼ䣬۵ʹǰʱմݶ
Ҷ纺ѿɽʱڵĴʱ֮УԽʱոӦͻȻüͷһ壺֣ΪξƬʱ֮УҲеϢҵǿﵽʮϣ
ѵֹڵĹйϵʮйϵҲֲ̫ˣܰצй
벻ҲȻǲԩҲͷ
ٶȣָӦԪϢƬɽʱգ϶ӵдƬġ
ܿ־ϲɫԪϢȻڣʮϢһϢʮǿʢһֺܴĻԪƬ
纺ҲܸˣԪƬԽ࣬ʹԽǿ˻Ԫ޵еĴڣٴν죬Ϳȥ߲磬ʶĴʱա

ǰʱͻȻһޱߵĿռ·ռһ¸һâԼɽ籾ԴϢӰʱһ
ۣ߳գ۾ʹ΢ЦȭҶȡ纺벻Ҳɽ磬Ƕ񣬴Ƿ֮ʱǰѰɣ
˵ʩ񣺡ǲף
ӭеɽʱգڵʱպңԶ㱾ҲҪʱȥʥλĸƿصʱգʥλĸ½磬ҲԾããգ⴦ʱգɣǿ˴ʱյķ羰
ֹȫûаҶȡ纺ˣش˿ʱգʼŲʱա
⴦ʱҶڵʱգ෽涼һģȴҲһֵطһɽ籾ԴﶼͬʴȻǾ۵ĵҶȻԸӦŲʱգܿ׼ȷҵʮԪƬڵλá
һ󣬾ۻҶȣϴĲ죬ȻѹȥҪһ䣬ʵ뿪Ҳǻ£ԻΪסļڱУطȷ壬һʥߵķȣЩˣҲ޷ȥıʲôʵԣҲ뿪һӱ̫ൣԼνʵۣ
һ޾ˣھۣ㲻ѣҲǵˣοȷԼ
½Ҫ˸֪ңһ֯ɽ֮л뷲й鿴֮󣬵ȷд£
ǲ
ȷǴʱҲǵӰӳ֣ҵ鱨ƺһƻⳡƻҲһԪڵĻ˵˵ԪĩڣһжʧҲǴ˵仯Եõӡ֤ҶȣûУǸѡ񣿡
ȻǶⳡѣ
Ҳģ֮䣬ȷһԵ֣ҶȣţٸԪδ˲ţߺ֪жڣΪʥλĸϼʼһֱ޼ն㲻Ųʣǲ֪ǱԤۿһԪҪ٣ҶȣϣúһδҲĥ㣡
˵ͫЦЦĿ⣬оǻл
ҶǸˣȻóƺ£
Ҷʵ̫һʱʵΪʱȥΪõԪƬҶȡ纺Ǳȥ


2343 ռԪƬ
Ȼϵ̷ű𡭡Ҷȣһǣ
Ŀȥ˫ͫЦݡ
ۣ
֮
һͷŵϢĺӣӾŲɽʱշɳǰ׵
ʵʹߣʱɽ磿
׸ոյλҪӺһʱ䣬ЩԵ׵ʱɽ磬ģԿʼǿҪ׼ô󣡡
ǵüӿٶȣʱƻһչҪٰñͲˣ
Ρ˵ǵǿͷ˵һŲɽ֮С
ɽʱգ
纣һԪƬƬɽ֮£
һṦҶȾɽ磬·һƬ޴çԭһɽ߸¡𣬶ɽ֮£ԪϢͷš
صһ˶ԸӦԸӦҲ˶У֮ǱǿߵõҲ޷߶ֻܳΪһղƷ
ҶҲףЩԪƬܱǿ߷ղĿǰҪռûб˷ֵƬ۴󲿷ƬȥЩǿǶ
ɽγԪ˶Ժܼ̣ȴͨɽ֮ǰҶȷ۵ĸӦǲ׷ٶʲôҲûУ²ͷ纺׵ںϴʯ硣
󣬶˾ʲС
һͷŵâķ棬γԲαʯ롣
Ҷȼ棬һģзԶɢԴԪâʱ۱䣬ԪʱҶһƬһ߶ߣҪ֪ǰռеĻԪĳ߸߶ѡ
һµõķ֮һƬҶ˶Цݣ纺£ԪƬҶȽ֮С
뿪ɽ֮ҶȥɽʱգѰʣµʮֻԪƬ
ھƬʱգõ߸ߵĻԪƬҶӵеĴԪƬ߸ߡ
ƬʱҲûκλԪϢҶ纺һʱշȥ
֮У纺ѵƽʱҶһͬʹɽĺ嫷羰ʱʱǳ
֮һɽʱϢӿֶ
ǡɻʵĲϢƬʱ֮ǰеĵʱգ
ʼͷž˸Ӧںɽ籾ԴĸӦ۶޷ȣ仰˵ԸӦ۸ӦϢȴ޷ӦϢ
ǻź棬ɻǲҲ½ˣûϢǸӦ˿ԪϢ
٣ҲûнϴĻԪϢͨӦ֣ȻƬʱգҲŴһڵɽֻձԴˣܷǣҪۡɻʶԷ֡
ƬʱգоƬʱն࣬ͬǣȻеǿߣֻڼˣһЩǿĻ
ҶĿǰݾߣ纺һʱռԪƬҲһЩɽ粻ϢҶȲδȡЩԴԺķ߷Ǹ˳Ӧ
칦򣬰˿ԪռֻаߴС㻹뿪Ƭʱ֮󣬼һʱշȥ
һշУ꣬ҪҲҪʱ䣬Ƭʱա
ϢƬʱרɽ磡
ǾӨɽʱգҶ纺һγڴ
ͷŸӦҶȷƬʱ˴ɹ֮û˿ϵ֮УȴƬʱյǿϢ
֮⣬ҶָӦϢ
Ӧ֮У벻ַʮԪƬϢȻûнϴƬǾۼǲ١
һ鵽֮󣬻󼸿顣
һȣ
ɽ磬ոմһƬطɳͻȻӦһϤϢʶ
纺ǰһԾǳأһƬųַϿգ˫ͫâһʱ־ϲЦݣħϢֲúϤԭǾʹõľ
ħ
纺һݺ棬ںںϺ񴫳УҶȵ˵Ǻ
Ҷһͣŵ֪ħĲ
ˣ
ǳ·ǧ׵ĵزУҶ纺ʯ֮УΧžƹǰʯ֮Уħ֮⣬ħһֻ첲
Ȼվĸ첲һɶ೤ϧʲô˺飬һĻҶ纺治ף֮䣬ѵĴڣ
ڣǽǶôֲĴڡ
顢ʥħоżԶԶʹãʣµɽ֮УֱܷãܵĻֻеһν죬ȥѰҾ磬ϣõħȻоħǾħ̫ǿˣÿһпȾ
ȡȻѾǿߵұۣ߶֮һĹɳء
ֽʱգռԪƬ
;иӦʱղʿеʱգ׷һ;Ϊ˺ռ䣬ʿΪޡ޶࣬ܳɹˣ֮١
֮лԪƬ֣һʱշȥ
ɽ磡
ֶ졣
ʦָּ֣ۼ
һʱ֮Уӵλڴ֮С
߸ϷֶµԴֶ۷磬ƿֶ졣
ĵֹԫӻվ·ǶҲѾﵽǿİ񾳽磬ʵûвյߴӣ˴ξԼҶ֮⣬ɽ֮еѾΪ񣬶һĴ
ɽ磬ǵʱ
׵ܺãǶ֮Уħˡ˻ΪǣԼаëϴ裬ҲҪ׷ʦԼʦĲ磬Ϊ󣡡
ֶһ޴⣬ɽǿߣУЩУħ֮е޶ħءħħʥյǶҶͬʱڣħһǶѳΪΪ
֮ڡ
ǧǿУǰꡢٻ塢̡硢ľ쳡ࡢȵһ˲ˣѳΪһͷУӵ̤ʸ񣬵ȻҲľͷ
ٺ٣磬ͺã
֮ϣϷ硣
ֻɭɭһЦʼչ˫ۣӡ֮һâ磬â󷨣󷨿ռ䡣
һǧУʼâϴ裬Գʼչֳܿ˿ʼֱըűըӿҲһһը
ը֮󣬸âͬʶһ㣬ԶǵڣÿһʿҲڳָ֮£ʼâϴڽ֮еԪӣǵʼﵽеĸ߶ȡ
ڳһǧǿߣɽ磬ΨһһҶʶйʵĴڣһ˴磬Ҷٻصɽ磬ºʶ
硢ɽ綼ֻǰ;֮еվ㣬ÿ˶뿪̤֮Уپ꣬˶ɽ硢ʧȥ֪
֮ɲϷըưϴ裬һҶȻعֱ֮ӿԴ˷硣
ǧȥһǧǿߣѾ̥ǣʵǶܼʱ磬ٱѹ֮¡


2344 뱾
֮
ɽжʱգ
˴ɹ֮޷һ׼ȷ𰸡
Ҷ纺ڼ֮УһٶңԶɽʱգдСʱգҲбҶеɽǿܶʱա
ʱյ꣬ǧͼգԺҶҪ߱󲿷ʱգҲֻҪǧʱ䣬ǧ꣬ʮ꣬
ɽɺ嫣أռĻԪƬڵĻԪɶߣֱﵽߡ
˸߶ȣ˵ľ޴󣬿ɽ֮ǰҶҲ벻ɽôƬ
ջ̫ˡ
ӵôԪƬû龻ָӦԸӦããɽ֮ʱգûлԪϢʲôûС
ޱ޼ʵĸӦҶȣǻԪԪҲָܾ˵ĳ̶ȣҶֻҪиӦͿԸӦޱɽϢԪǰߴСȻ޷ָ߶ȡ
ɽӦκλԪƬĳõԪƬȴҲӲҶȵĸӦ
ʱعɽơϡ
ֱӴ߶ǧͼ꿪ʼҶȡ纺˲ϢʧںڰɽʵҪٶȣ纺߶֮ٶȣȻﲻҶȵٶȣҲ󲿷ֵ
֮κƣϴλΪ֮ڴ֮УҶȥơ˻ϡ
ҶԼ޷ơ
𡭡
һ֮ϣһӰһҶڵϷʱգӶֳǷ
ȻҶһӵӦصɽı
һâ򷲽ȥ
ͬʱҪصɽҶȣͻȻ˫üһᣬڰ֮Ԩˣ̫ˣպҪ
ͷһӡ·ԨӶҲǰϤľɽ磬ϤıԴϢ
ڤȻλ
̤޽֮أֱӻصֶ죬֪ԷֱӴݴϢҶ뵽벻ķ档
뵽ķ棬ѾʮƳֲʮʼԼȥڤѡ
Ҷһ֣ѪʶһֱȥڤѣϧûʵȻһ֣Ҳᴫ뷨˵ǴȥڤѣʵҲʵ˵ŵԡ
벻ģڤȻ˵ȨΪ̫ڤȼĴڡ
һŮӣһޱߵ磬ص
һҶȸоڱķ·ڵѪǷʵŵԣڤѣָʲôǸıʲô
ܸӣ˽Ҷȵ纺ƺҲʲôĪ֨
Լһ㹦
·ʱտʼŤֻһӰԦռ䣬˲ϢֶϢҶһ޵ķ
Ҷ纺ǰʵںϣڤڿɺã
纺ʾ⣬ſ𣺡ãܲãԴҰʮٴغ޵ҾһͬУʱ뿪ȴ벻Լ¾̤Ϊף
бԭɰɣ
ĽĪϵӵڵǻᣬʵͷһֱʱʱλ
ⲻǺ𣿡
濴Ǻ£ʵͷλȻͨõ֮еĵȨΪеֻŷ̫ڤԼѪ˿ƿصȨֻ
Ҽɽ˴ǿߣĪЩͷ翪սڤԸĽͿ̿Ųλ
ˣµ鱨鱨ҲϽҪԭ򣬵ͷ֣
죿
Ҷ𺳣纺ҲܳԾ
ǱĽĴڣȻԴ֣
˵Ԫĩڣػᷢ٣һж𣬵ͷһ취ǹƴ죬ʧȥݣȻԼɽ硢磬ȥֵһп֮£ն٣
Ƿһ˵ˣȻΪҪ硢ɽ硢ΪƷ
ǰСУʵԸԶӡ·ûзԶڰ֮Уɴ̫ڤʮ˲ʼսԶĽ磬ɽĵǿߣʵһͷɳĴΪĴС㾡ڵʱ䣬ϣȥ죬Ϣֹ֪֮ⳡı罫Ϊ˼
Ҳףз硢ɽԼ磬ƻ죿ͨսûжܣܴɣ
ҲҽҪ˵ݣ
üס·дҪΪ֮У֮װкı
Ҳ˵һڼ飿
һ֮޷ϤҲһˣҲкܶˡǻڵ뾡취һУʵֻҪ֪֮£һȡʩͷ޷óѣ
ֲ֮УδӦʿޱȣɱ֮ģ
Ҳ֪ĿģһЩӦôǺܴ󣡡
óһö佻ֵˣʮٵı仯һø㣡
ʮ٣
ص㣬Ҷ׵ʵ㲻˵ҲܲµһЩʮһƿأص֮Ȼо˱仯
֪ǲΪϵԭ򣬵ֻһľˣںϣʶ΢ҽ֮ڵ֮зɳʶϻָҸоĺǿ󣬾̫ڤҲĶ֣˵ɴɡ
Ѷʮٵ˽⣬ȫ߸
ԡʮ̫߹Լ̫Сߡ
Ϊܵƻ󣬳ΪմﵽĿĵĹߣʵҲӵԶԼĵġ
ʮٵı仯ԼҰģ纺ҲΪһѺˣʹӦʮ١
˭Ϊǿף
شף
ߣ˽ⲻ࣬ѾܸоʮڼɵߵϽĿѴɣǵκα仯һϽ㣡
˵ȻȻʧա
纺Ҷȿʼɽ磬ҶɫסɢҶעʮǿ£Ŵµ࣬˴Ԫ벻ʮ٣ԪصһʮصһԺʶʶﱾ𣡡
ʵ͸һܴϢǾӦʵģʮҲᱻ񵥶񵱳βֱӽʮ죿ϵ
Ϊʱܶ࣬ܳ㣬ڱý죬Ȼߴʱգ취ѰЩ֮һҪŵù֪֮ľı˾ԣľͷһҪҵ
ͻȻ䣬ҶĿᶨҲ͸żȡ
һõƻ죬һж纺ơҲԶ㿪٣ˡأ
߻飡
ʱ䰡˵аԪʱʱ̶̿пܱڻֲһһΪʱӡ
뵽ӿٶȣҲơǴˣֱȥϡ


2345 Ԫ

һǧλɽǿߣųơ֮УֱҶ纺ƿն˷׷¶ϲ
˶ԣҶһֱһ漣ѾΪһͷҶ޷ҡ
ʦ𣡡
ٻҶȹ¡
ӵѪߣԼʮٵʹﵽ񾳽磬ǹѾ硣
ּꡢֹԫȸҶȵ֮󣬴һȣȥ
벻˴Ұģ
֮У˲뿪ɽ磬֮УҶҲѵı֪ơ磬Ŀ࣬ҶΪż
֮˾Ѵ棬ٴգûȥܲΧֱ֣Ӵ߶ǧͼ߿շȥ
߿֮Уͣһӡз߻ҶȶԳƶһһ飬ԴΪ󣬾ʹȥңô˻ᣬҲʮ۵˸ϣѰҴԪ
ٺ٣С£С£ȻЩ
Ҷ纺˲Ϣƿնȥֳ֮ϡ
ߣϣ־һ֮ӦеĴԪ
ͨ壬Ȼ񷣬Ҫ߶ģʵ£ӵλ߽λʵָ߶ȸӦ޴ʱգӦÿԸӦٴԪ
ȻҪľߣģıԴԼܵõϿɣ𽥱ƿء
ͷߡߣһɾ޴Ļ龻֣Ư֮УͷڴԪϢɲǼ䣬龻ִž˵ĸӦͨϵǣԪϢӿȥ
ˣ
ֻ֮ͻȻھǼ½ԶһʱոӦһݻԪϢһԵͨ߶ǧͼͨ괩ȥ
һͨΪҶṩѴ߶ģ̫ˣûͨṩֲꡣ
һºͨ˳õߴĻԪƬͬʱ龻ֵĸӦȥٶԽԽϾ̫޴ˡ
֮󣬼ħŸָӦһݻԪϢ
ͨȥҶͨ壬纺߶֮Ҳȥȥδ龻ָӦǵʱա
ˡ
ҶͻȻ纺ͣھâ½ҲңԶһʱ֮УͻȻһ΢ĸӦ֮
Ԫ
Ϊ֮ǰûиӦ㵱ҶȽӽǴʱղŸӦѵݴԪϢӡ
ں֮£ֻһʱ䣬Ҷ纺һƬʱ֮Уͼ֮Ҳû⴦ʱգͬʱ־֮ɫ
ΪһǿϢʱ֮дΪѾλ벻ʱջǿߣϢʮϢϵԪϢ࣬ǿǿߣǵӡ
纣ұǣ˺ʲô֣ÿڰң
֮ҶѾʧڸ߿ա
ɲǼ䣬һ½룬Ҷȱһɽ½ûκγǳأΨָƵɽ
Ȼǿ߷ӡǻԪϢ֮һܾ˵Ƭ
ӦɽԪƬС
ô£ڲ
ɽ֮С
һӡʱ֮УȻһɶߵĴԪƬƯڿռ룬󷨿ƻԪһ෨̳֮ϣһӣͻȻۣΧֵ
ͬʱǻԪƬϢʼͷš
֣õԪԪһֱ󷨣ԪںϣδɹʱԪƬΪԶͷϢѵ
ͻȻ߳磬ʧȥ
ţǿϢͻȻʧڻԪڵĿռ֮С
ϿɽҶһֱͷŸӦȷԪƬ䣬ǰǿߵϢԷٿȻʧ
һɲõͷҵĴ
䡭
ʱһɾƴɽ򣬾ҶȲ׵ĿռУֱռ䣬ſռƬ֮ҶȻ
С
ҶѲǵǸԪʼ
СͷŶɱռƬԼȭҶǰʧִһ֡
ͻͻͻ
ڶɱУװҶȰΧֲĽΪ״ֱӣҶΧ£
˫㣡
ǿ߽֣ⲻãҶԷһԽλĴڣʵҶȲ¡
¡¡¡
СǴ˫㣬ҶԴͨԶԷƿΧɱҶֻܴ߶˫
״˫ҧ飬κν޷˫֮Уʼγѽ顣
ʦ𣡡
ɽǷʮǿߣǻ񣬲ǵͽλΪĲλҲˣ˶˼һʵҲܾˡ
ˣ
ֳµӻϣʱ״˺飬ҶҲһ߳
ʶҶǿӲͷȭºֶΣλ뱾⣡
ȻԷֵ˼ҶҲͻȻҳ֣Ӧ֪ҵ⣬֪ӵдԪƬҿԼԴΣ
ԭȻΪԪƬǱõǻ񷨱ԴԻȡģҲǱķƷں̤죡
ֻмսȥ
˺һΧʮ񣺡ûأֻܶƣڵᡮ춷󡯣Χɱˣ

ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͱΧ롣
ٿ
ͬʱһȻһҶڿռ˲Ϣ֣Ӱֳ񽣣ƲսʿɱҶȡ
ҾǼʶʶҵĴͨ
ôְΧҶȺ޾ţ߶ߣһʱ֮ӦҲʼںϡ
ߣ
һʴ߶ʱһĻˡ
һͬӡƴ󹥻ҶȣͻȻȻ֮е·ܿƣҪȫһ֣Ǿù죬޷͸֮ʣЩսʿȻһ֮࣬ҲҶȷǷ׷תʮ˷ɱȥ
ʣߣԿȻ֮κܸšֹ˿ƿռ䣬ϴߣԷκͨԱƣͬĹͨ
֮ҶʣµЦݡ
䡭
Χռըһڵӣļ־ֶΣͷŵͨΧɱ
ߡ
һͷųҶҲʧˡ
ۡ
սʿΧһλ񣬻֪ô£ͷͱһâն£Ҳ˲仯Ϊʬ
ڲʮ֮󣬳ӣʮӣһλλ񣬷׷ױĪնɱʬ嶼δʣ¡
㡢㡢㡭
ӷֵϢһʣӱը֮ԾЩսʿΪӰֻҶһϻһͷ˲ͱץ촷ۡ
ҶЦԪֻңߣһ
õľװ׹ˣȻҲǳصģƹ
ֻ徹ȻһûƵģٴվʱһָץռһ飬ƻΪֱֲӰҶռ䶨ڿռ䣬ñָץ顣


2346 ¼
Ҷ˫üһ⹦ǲ򵥣һһ㱬ͬһӽһĸ߶ȣ
Ҫõıܣ
ͷָ֮ϣʱҶѾ޷ɱ֮ⶸȻͬȼն
ҲҵʵĶ֡ǰҲһѡ̣նɱʱ˿̡ȴҪսң
컯ȭ
δһ¡
ϢͻȻʥޱȣĻ˫ͫȼգκʶδ߶Ψǿ
ٿ
ȭץǰľ޴ָ

СˣһŴ󹭣ȫָץҶȭͷ֮ϡ
ҶȶԣԻ߶컯ȭսܣӷ絽Ĳġ
ռͻȻ˫ײһٴγ˺ѣͬʱΪռ䣬һͬ
ָȭͷ˫˭ûкһ
ҶȵȭͷȻתĹâöԷָʼˣֻһ컯ȭѶԷұ顣
ôܣλ񣬶Ѿλ񣬾ǴĳϣʵҲΪȴУ
͵˺ʧȥұ۵ӣ彥飬СԼʼһѪ£ܿ˶Ϊһ⡣
һȭҲľеλˣͨ壬ȥȡشԪ
úܶԷնɱߣֻֻѡʵʵ
ΪҲûѡǰһӴʱʼһ̤죬ҪԸǿĶ֣ûκѡ񣬲òֱǰ
ͨɽҶƯڰգ纺Χռ䣬ֻǰ㣬ͨͻˣһɶߵĴԪƬ˶ֲöԷԸҲҪס
֮ǰĻԪӵеĴнɸߣҲ˵ոյõƬ֮ǰռܺͻҪһЩ
ں֮ȻҶûжٰƬںϣҶѾܵصһܣаգ֮ҪɱֻҪԪ֮ɱ
֮Ҳӵоģֻ̡֮־һǻҪһȼǴµķ֮ӵеıƶɡ
Ҷȿʼ߶ߣվ˵ʧȥʼָͬʱͷŻ龻ָӦ纺е𱣻ҶȵĵӣҶȲȥ;ָӦݻԪϢʮ֮󣬲űͨõ
Ÿ߿գҶȻûлָһͨ帺ںǿԼӦ硣
Լǧ֮䣬ֻһʱգ͸ӦʮݻԪƬȻӦֱ󣬴ŸӦ磬һʮԪƬкüݱǿƿأͨҪռЩԪҲҪܳһʱ䡣
ȰѴҴٻͨϣʱָԸӦʱգ
ͨҪĺܳһʱ䣬ȥռлԪƬϱδָҶȾȥ졣
纺ʲôҲû˵ֱӴ߶֮ȥ
Լ꣡
âֶۡն졢ˡ̫ۡ顢ͷԼһǧߣһһӳǰͬҲҶ纺֮³֡
ƳҶȺּ纺ڸԦռ䣬ʵϴû°ɣ
ղһλǿ߽֣һЩˣ
ƽӦ֮ף֮֮У߶ߡɷˮʼâ硣
һν죬ԷƵӡ
ڣҶȴҪˮ޵ˮõ֮󣬿ʼֻ̫ܵһҶΪǿһСˮҶںϡ
ںһС飬ͿͨˮںˮݣֻҪںһ㣬ҶȾͿͨˮݡ
Լ㣬ҶȾ纺ơٴվڴ׶磬һ磬ŰһǧͷųѾ̤ʱΪ󣬱죬ѹҶĽڣıֻһ˿˿Ĵӿ룬ùС
ֶ۵һ̤ķߣʼʮ뵶ū˿ʼλ񣬳̤Ľλ
Ҷ纺һ纺ʵ֮ǿģʱҲΧĶ
ǾˣʧȥԿֲٶȻָţԼǧ֮ҶȾѻָſʼĽλ񣬲һͨٴӱʼôԻʿƴнһմ
ҲߣʱռбһֱӤգӤʱʱ̶̿ڱ仯֮С
ȥΪѾλ״̬Բֻһ֮ңָһ㣬Ҳʱص磬һͨϣӦѰҴԪһҪһǧȥͻв
纺ģҶһ뿪죬ҶȰһǧ߻ʱپʹϿƼҶȰˮͨ壬˶ɽٰ֮Ǵش졣
ʮϢҶȾ纺磬֮ͨͨѾռʮݻԪƬһ𣬾ȻɸߣҶӵлԪںϣɶߣ̧ͷܸоԪصΡơ
ֿʼӦʵﵽ۷Ҷȣ߶龻ָɣҪӦ磬ԺʵٴٻӦ硣
֪ȥ
ڼ乲ӦʮݻԪƬϱȥռһ֮󣬲ŵõеƬںҲֻɸߣ֮ǰƬںϣѾﵽɸߡ
ŻкܶƬɢңԶʱ֮УʵҪռĻҲҪϡʱȲˣĴԪѿұˣ
ͨںϺ󣬼󣬴߶ǧͼ֮£֮ͨ߶ܻδ֪ߵʹû죬ûˮ£Ž졣
ͨںϣһǧڼ֮УѾвͻƵʥ

Ҷǵ񣬰һǧߣ²ǿʥ
ǽеӡǼҪȥ߲ʱգǾͽ⣬ʱң
֮ڣֻʣһǧߣֶ۵ʮˣֻһǾʮ
ʣǱ˳С
ˡūֽ֮Ҷ纺ơڷղ߿ʱշȥ
ͻͻͻ
Լϵգ߿վ׹һ޴ķƬ
羪ʧɫôˣʱʱ̶̿з׹£
С
ȻƬֲܿҶȴӦ߶СԼռƶܿ㿪Ͽշȥ
;ٷƬ׹䣬ȴҶͨرܡ
һ񱮡
벻֮ã֪ߵĸ߿գƣͻȻˣһɸߵͨʯʡ
¼ңǬʳǣ
ʯ֮һģ־ϲ
ˣλǻ֪һ磬ԽǬʳǣҪ㣡
ҶƳһ۳ƣΨ˲ģһǰȥ


2347 Ӷľͷ
֮󣬴ǰ˸оϢǬʳǾǰ
Ҷ纺ͬʱͷһЩOO@@
֮һԲεâ磬ڴ֮У˺һŻǬʳǡ
ЩǿǬʳǷȥǲҪżȿʳҪʲô
һЩ֮˷ٶȣھ޴Ǭʳǽ˷һŻŻҪݡ
ϸһҶ纺ŵ֪ԭڴ֮ڵÿʿݵģΪ֮ɽ죬Ǵ֮ڵĴĺᣬһһעݣû޷ڴġ
鷳ˣ
ҶȰѻ֪Ϣ֪ơ硣
󣬳ƺܲмһˣϴ;ѹ԰ֶΣαװû׾𣿡
ԣ
ô򵥵£ҶôͻȻ벻ˣ鼱֮˴ʧˡ
ݷ죬ڵʺϵĶһŮΪλλ֮䡣
һŮѾܿԶǬʳǣһλӢӵǬʳʥŮ˫޵ʢᣬϣ˵رʥŮУΪʥŮ˫޵ĵ£Ӵ˳ΪǬʳǵҲ̫
ԶԶԣǶϣӿԳɹλŮӣͷ
ٿ
ͻȻ䣬˱Ư΢΢İգɰһ΢磬ȻŤ˷ֲʱһâ׽ɡ
̫ҵ֮У
գۣһŮƯڴ֮Уһһ
ǺεȵͨǺ׼£ٿؿռ佫ⷨռ֮УȻǾͷ
𽥰λӹ֪ķǰеǰдԡ̫£
Ϸվڱ֮ǰȴͬ͸ˣƺǺЦ̫ϴˣϴΰȥһսʱգһǵ̫벻֮Уｨչ
ֻҪľͷȻģ
һֶŵһŮæҶȵɨˣ̫罨ʲôʱˣ
ԭǰ̫ʶӼޱȣʼͬӿ˵
ûٷӳʣǬʳʢʲôͷ
һֿʼӣǰ֪ʢᣬǬʳʥŮҲϹԴһʿ´ֻҪʥŮѡУͿ˫ޣλǰҲӦ֪Ǭʳ֮ǬʡĴǱʥŮУǻõ˼ҿеģ
Ǭʣ
֮
ôòڴһȻ֮Ĵ
˲ɵ໥һۣȻܳԾ
һֱڴ֮бչУʲôʢᲢ˽⣬ʱʵҵȥǬʳѰЩ֮Իſǣ
һץָϵĴ䣬ԼƣϵԪϢ˲䱻Ҷץġ
ǣ
һŮŵңԷҪɱǣ̫ˣѾռ֮УֻܶԷ˵ʲôʲô
֮С
Ҷȡ纺ơֶ˵ϢѾ֮ǰȫֻ̫ͬòδı䡣
̫ڴ죬ֻһĴڣĻõǬʳǵӣֻҪӵ̫ԼϢ㹻ˡ
ƹȻϴֶܵΣ̣ӡҪ̺籾Դһ޷󷨣
鿴֮Ҷȴ߶ͨȷƺ֮˲Ǭʳǡ
˳ʾƣ
Ǭʳǣ֪ʳж嫣ǽ磬÷Ϊݣʵʷϣγɼ᲻ɴݵ硣
˷һʮɵŻǰأҪ˳ʾơ
ƣҶȱȭμʢᣡ
ʳǵʿμʥŮʢġǼͽλһȺ
̫Һδ˵ôڣ
ûȵʿʻӺ󷽷꿡ܣҶȵʳĿģĸǵ䳰ȷ
Ǵ쳬ʥ֮һǲķͬ£Ҫӷȣ
ʿĮȻر֮ŭ˷׷ʵ
ǻʳǵǿߣŷ
û⣬ȥɣ
һ֮ʿ߶磬˽Ż
̤Ż˲䣬Ϣѹȡ˱仯һʥϢӦ
ˡ
ǰ׳ɽأҶͻȻһƺͬʱӦһͬϢ
˲ɶϢô£
ҶȵϢˣȱµıϢһֱƼǬʳ֮УȻޣҶܸӦȻ֮Уʳ֮ʱʩչͨͷУǬʳǹϵ벻ջ񣡡
ǽȥ֪ˡ
ӿ죬ŵˡ
纺֪ӦϢűɫ
ȲٷǰֻһṦһӲӵľ޴ʳӳ
Ǭʳǣ
ʳΧϰٴﵽλǿѲߣΪһƬ˸εʥأҶʿһͬʳǡ
ʳ֮ĳǳزֻ࣬ûôֵ֮Ӱϡϡ裬ֵҲû̷в̻ᣬΪľ¥ཨʿĸۡ
˿ɲμʲôʢᣬҪѰйش췽ϣͼӵеͼŲͷӬҴܣǱҪƿ֣뿪Ǭʳǡ
ڻʳÿһҾ¥ס޶ԱˣҪʯܸڳ䣡
̻ᣬ˹鼮Ȼס⡣
ΪǬʳǣʿֻܴڻʳǣҪȥطõʳɣԴֻͶ޾¥
֪ΪʢᣬΪһҪ˵Ļʯ
ʯȻҲУ٣ӵдĻʯܿڳ䣬纺סһСҶһ󷿼䡣
ԭǬʳǵʥŮ˴ͷǬʵŮӵ֮ѪǬʳĴڣڴ֮Ҳ˽֪Ĵˣ
˿ʼ˽棬֮󣬳¶˿˿Цˣ֪Ƕһˣ
Щ꿡ܶմմ񼣵Ĺ⡭ҶҲ΢΢˫ۡ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬˶벻һĻֳˣҶͬʱӦʲôϢʱ첽̨
ҶȰס򣬶Գ׵ϢĪʿ
ͬʱ·ֵ֮ϣԭһֵ֧ǽһͷޣ֮һ¥˸ӦϢ¥֮͸
ǴϢ
ӵеϢȲϣ
ҶȼͬʱͨӦ֪Էˡ
ΪζԷӵϢ
ѵ
ͻȻŵŵ˺ͫ𽥷Ŵ󣺡ÿ˶ͨƷѪ֮ӵкȻϢǴжģֻһܡǵͷĺᣬӵеϢĴѪںϣ


2348 ʢ
⡭
Ҷȸ벻һ㣬Ҳ˼
ʱ屻ų⣬ҳ󲻾ãĸ͸ң֮ЩҪ֣ΪõӵױȵȻ̫ܳɹҲǾԣ
һ̨ȥǽѾȥʳǽأϵϢͨᡢں϶ӵУȻһֿܣ֮ˣ˽϶ĺᣬӦ˵ϢӦúֻһͣ˵棬еһͷ
ԩ·խ
ȻĳˣȻҲǳƵĳˣһ󣬳ĿȻõҶȡͬ
в֮
嵱꾭ʲôһްͬ꼻һ֣磬һ⡣
õľͷǣúúõģҲӵЩ갲Ϣ
֮ͬʹͬʱڱ
ҶӻʳǵӦǬʳǵĹ壬֪Ǭûйϵϣ֮ûвκϵѪ֮У磬ģ˵Ϣѱںϻ龻֮УӴĺӲˣҪȷݣŪȻҪ𣬾ҪѵĲͨͨһܲˣҲҪڵ
ҲҪμʢᣬŪݡҶư֮£ȻĴأʮο
ǾʢῪʼ
£ҶȻһͼǴ󲿷ʱյĵͼֲУʮ޴ǬʳǾ֮һ
ͼĳƣȻ°͵Ǭʳǣϴô뵽Ǭˣ
Ǭ
ҶԼҲ΢΢һ˵ʵһйǿУȼǿȴ٣Ǭ֮һ׳־ҲΪУϧջԼС
ǬûӡһĹעͼô£ͼûо108֮ǬӵеġǬ񼣡Ҳû¼
֣
ҶҲһ㣬ͼ֮Ȼд꣬ȴû񼣵ıע
ڣ϶ڣڤڤܸ֮Ӧ񼣡ֻ񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣵ϢҶҡҡͷ벻׵ôһ¡
ʥĴڣûбҲԽ͵ͨǵüѰҹ񼣵ķϣôȥ˾
ʱǾԴΪеȴʢУŪ˵
˺ܿʱ䶼ڷ֮Ϣ
ȥ˾Ǭʳǲ̻֮ͬг룬Ѱй񼣵һϢ
ͬʱǬʳҲ䲼ʢἴУ󲿷ῡܶʳǣΪľǵõʥŮ֮˫ޣνһãӵֿԱ˹顣
ʱŵ˽죬Ҳڵ֪񼣵䡣
ԭһֱûм¼ͼ֮ϣӹǣ񼣷ֲʱգʵڴĸߴʱҲ֪ϹѾв飬Ϊʧڴ졣
Ҵ桢Ȼࡣ
һ棬˵֪ڶ֮
ƿش֮ʮλдԶŻֻ֮кһ֣󲿷ֶʮԪõ񼣴УһԪųΪ֮ǬʳǵĵǬʣһڶʮԪ֮ǰõǬ񼣴еĴܡ
ڴ죬λܸߺܸߣ֮֮ĵλҲǰ̳ʱ֣Ԫ̳񼣵֮ʵȻ֮ҲĩΣǬһӵдȨĴڡ
֮ҲǲģҲڼԪ䡣
Ȼ֮Уûй֮ϸܣ˶֪ÿһ֮ס֮УվĽ۷壬졣
硢纺Ԥ֮ӣ
Χڷ֮Уڽ֪ڴϢ
ʱҶȿˣʮλ֮ƿش죬ȻеѾʧһ񼣴ţЩûˣӵõϿɣǾԤ֮ӣ
Ԥ֮ӣ
ԶѪᾧɣǵõ񼣾˵ʿΪԤ֮ӣֻԤ֮ӲſܵõںϣվǰҲ޷ںϡ
֮Уӵ񼣣纺ӵкĴУ壬Ҷǹ֮Ĵߣ˽ػõ񼣡Լ񼣣ҲǴȴԤ֮ӡ
Ԥ֮Σޱȣ绹Ǵ죬˵жд̣һնɱԤ֮ӣȡпܵõ񼣴У뵱ͷ뷨һģ˶ӵ
Ԥ֮Ӿʸ֮ģǵõ񼣴УȻַӶΣս١ǽҪСģҪ¶ԵĴ
ٺ٣ϴʲô԰ڻΪѾԴ߶̣ѪߴϹΪɶǴﵽµĴڣǬ֮Уݺ᲻⣬ֻҪǬʣ
˵Բ֮󣬻иľ磬ƣĿǰǿԲٶزأûҪʱ򣬻Ǿֵ̣Ҫ֪֪ж׷ɱǣ簢¶һġ
ֻǴ汻ƵϣҲܹƨɰѽ

֪纺ǿͰ͵ģʵ̲סҶȸ첲Ц˳
˭۸㣿ʳӦÿˣʱȥ֣磬ҶϢ˸ӦҵϢ뻢ڣ
޲߳Ƽţ֪纺˼ɡ
һ뿪¥¥Ѿ壬ֵʳȥ֮д󲿷ֶǷ桢εĿܡ
ʵеˣǿԼģǱ翿̫Ǭͷϵܽ죬󲿷ֶǶ棬ôƾԼ
ҲǾԵģ
ʳ֮ͻʳǵݻһЩܲ˵ķǶᣬǶǿԼõ֮Ͽɣǿߡ
ǬʳڲһЩֳڣŵõǬʿأõɽ죬ȻǬʳССȻҲ
ʮƯĹȺպвμʢϢ֮أǧĲ
Դʮס֮Ǹ߸ϣͺŽףɶһ֮
ûϢ
ɽ֮УҶһЩڹͻʳǳѰӵϢԼܲǿߡ
ǿߣҶȾͿֱͨҵ˾
ûʿϢҲûӵϢҪ˶޷ͷŸӦǬʳΣޱȣ˵ʳǵǿߣЩΪҲλλ
šˣо򵥣ܲӦò֮еǿߣпǴǿߣ֪ܲ
֯˲ѰţҶҲ뵽һˣǾǷţǸвӡľ
λλҿ쿴ǾǡƹӡǡĻӣǬʳʥŮŵԣ
ͻȻ˿ʼͨͨĿǰһȺ


2349 ʥŮ׼

Ҷȡ纺ơҲ濴ȥҲ֪Ĵڡ
Ǭʳǵλ࣬һ֮ɣĿǰ֮һ
λ֮Ϊ죬Ȼû˼˭֪Ĵڡ
ʥŮӣ
Ǹպŵԣ
ǰ簵̾ȷ֮ĺΪﵽ߽λ񣬻֪ӵʲô޷Ĵڣ
߽λ
̫ŵˣҲλ˭ţһʮԪˣȲһƹӣ
˭֮ĺᣡѪݣ
ôǬʳǵʥŮҲ߽λ
࣬󲿷ῡܣһλλ֮䣬Ҳмٵλ߽λǿߣݡ涼޷ƹᲢۣţ󲿷˶ֵ
ҶͨӦҲƹϷָϢȻ֮ĺᣬڻԪ٣ûӵж񼣵ϢȻƹӲδõĿУδӰˡ
ԣԤ֮ӣֻһӵ֮ѪĴڡ
ǬʳǵʥŮǲԤ֮ӣ
ֻ֮УûһԤ֮ӣ
ȻҶȹЩӹӵϢ˼һͷ羰һѰˡ
һʱ˶δֶԷĴڡ
֮󣬻ʳٴΰ䲼ּʢἴºС
£ڻ˵գգ۾͹ȥˡ
һ죬ʳѲʿۼڻʳһ㳡Χһһұְ
ҶںĩˣҲ⣬Ͳǲμʲôʢ簵дôû˵Ϣ
ҲƹǰĴڣҲԷǬʳǵǿߡҶͻȻóһۡ
仰˶оΣǬʳǲ뵱ҰôѾ뻢ڣ
ֻǲ²⡣
أ
ºŽ֮˲Ϣ쳹ʳǣӻʹ֮߳ʢװŮŮŮ֮УһλȫɴڵŮӣ˵Ŀ⣬ȻϢޣ˶֪ĴŮ
׼
ǬǡաǬʳ֮У֮ˣĹ壬ʥŮ׼ӵǬʴѪĺᣬ˵Ǭʳǣ졢硢ɽ硢Ǵ
ϢϢڳ˹ͬ
ȻҶȡ纺ơ˵ǿԸӦ׼ϢȴͷŸӦڸӦԷͬʱԷҲͷŸӦ
ڴŮӵ£׼ǰķ֮£ԱߣǬʳǵҪ
Щ߿ɲϢޣǸ̩ɽѹڳռ䡣
żλ׼Χʮӣ·λһһ¡
ˡ
һλ˸ո֣Ҷһ
ΪڵϢȻϢһֱѰҵĿꡣ
˴ڣдΪװΣһۣȥһĹӡ
ҪǣȻϢֻرϢϢδӡȻڸΧͬһˣӵеĲ
ֵܣϵϷЩҪѽǼģôǶˣΪܽˮ¥̨ȵ£
ΪŪݣʼжʼΧʿڨ
ⷽܿ죬һλ˸ҪĴ𰸡
˲ǬʳǵĹ壬ԡʳĻӣΪ桯ڴͳãǳǲõģ
٩٩ЦʳǬʳǹϵ׼СʶڴҲƣһǣлᣬлᣡ
˵֮ΪЦЦ
ʳ֮Ĵ
˰е𺳡
벻ӵϢ꣬Ȼͷ
ǰǶԴй˽⣬ʳȻҲ⡣
ʳǬʳǡͬȵĴΪʳһ֮
ʳǡ񼣡
108֮һȻʳڣôҲȻڴ֮Уһ涨Ǵ
ŭɶĺȵүүģ˵ʳ֮Ҳǲɱľͷ֮һǻӵϢ
ҪҪһʱ䣬ʳһԽ𣡡ָ⼸ץƣӻ棬ŭ
ӭλʳǣһʳǹѡµĴӣÿһλΪɫĵܣ
㳡ϷһΪʩ巽ʽܼ򵥣ڳλֻҪͷԼϢӦֱ֮Ѱѡ
⣬ǹһҲûѡô죿·˵ɻ
ʵĺãʵĺãλȻÿ˶õֻ滭ͼһݣһһʳƵ񵤣ȻȴԵ˳֣λ˫֮ǿһԵ֣ϣܶ½⣡
Ҷüͷһ壬ͷϢôܣһӵдܵĴڣˣǿɲͷϢ̫һϢΪαɣ
ϧ֪⹫ΣмɫƺȻԶĻʳǹ׼
ϧԷϢޣôͨͷŷʩչµģ޷ԷĿġ
λʽʽʼϣλܽԼϢͷŵ۷壡
λ߷һӡٿȻ㳡һƬӡ
ˣ
Դ˷ʿȿֺͷԼϢǰʮԴĿܣҲһƹӡ
ʹǰ
׼κζʳĻӻ棬ȴһԣֶ㳡΢΢ЦӣɲҪżѡβУ´Σ
ӣ㿴Щˣĸס
׼
磬죬ȣ
ɴ֮С
һŮӣͷڣ߲֮ϣ˫ֽӡ֮Ůۣ׼һʳǹ
˫֮ͫУ㳡ʧˣеʧˣֻϢÿһϢһ
ʱ䲻ʧ졭һ죡
죡
ӹţ󲿷ֶӹš
׼ٴۣ֮ͫУȻֻϢֳƹӣԼʮԴῡӰӡ
Ǻӣ岻ڻԪҲۺ񣬳ǣһЩǺܲŶмʣϧҲŵ֣֮Щʶ̫Ѱ
һӦ˾ȻӲ׼ĸӦȻҡҡͷƺܲ⡣
ҪϸӦһһԵ

̻ȻУû֮ˣҲҪӡ
ôϢǿң
ӦУ׼ȻϢΪΧϢȼգڴܶΩϢƽǿңҲպñһ̶֮ϡ
ȻƺΪ˫֮ˡ
»ˣ
ɵ׼ĺ棬ٴνӡɲǼͫâ֮Уֳơ硢Ҷȵס
ִС㣬кβͬ˺ͨΪƽƽǵͽλ񣬶ҲǷǴᣬ˵ʵҲ̫ˣ


2350 ׼ֶ
ݣ
׼üĿӿ󣺡еʱݺҪеʱһĲֵЩҵΪͣڰ˽λ˵ҲһͷɻоŽλԼԲҪԽǴԲԲǳԽĴڣҪ׷Ϊܿ񼣣ֻд֣Լ취СڷңϣܿԼɳ
ɲһͨϷ漣ɣ
˵壬˵壬վ֮ϣ㣬ǲ˭֪Ϊ֮Ҳ䣬ҲǲĴڣƽ֮ˣܻпɹ֮ҲԤ֮ӣܷһЩ֮ˣ˵ƿҲкܴ
Уศ˽г׸Ӧ
żҲֻ΢΢棬֪ǲӵвǲߣݾߣ
˵꣬׼˫ͫйҶȡơڵĿռ䣬Ϣ׷ʧ
׼ĸӦ֮УֻˣƹЩ󲻿ԵҲܵĹע
ϣִķҵߡ
һͬˮ죬Ҷȡơһһÿһɣ׼Ӧ֮С
ˡ
Լ֮׼Ȼһ
׼󾪴󺧣𺳣Դڵһģҵʵڰ˽λ֮ϣٴαﵽŽλд츳ÿζһΪġ
ô£
صΪλͻȻף
һ˼֮׼ȻĿϣ֪ƳƽΣһ֮һʢĻ䡣
俴ͨǻĻȻͬ״
ǡôܣҿͼһģһ壿˵ѱΪλͼڻԣͼڣĺᣡ
׼㵵ط⣬壿ôϲͼڣղҵӦͼпǸꡭˣˣλܰԼϢص
һȣ
һɻͬ˳Ĵ׼飬ͻȻ䣬һɸӦ֮·֣̫һСͷˣôֳ͵ͽˣһֱ޷ȴ̫ǵͷϢĪǣ
ָ׼壬ҵ﹫ȻҲϣ
𣿡
ߺܾܿͰ׼˼ʼӡ
վһԵĻ棬ػһ࣬߿ʼӡʮֺ棺ӣĪп֮ˣ
ˣӿ
׼˫ͫӿһââǻץġ
治мͨͨСӰˣüȻУҲûӣҪܿڣҴСһͬҾ״磡
״磿
ɴ֮У׼ͻȻĮȻЦݣʳһֱ׳֮У˽ԽԽҿʳбʲô𣬻˵ãͬˣҲֵ
ϵܣܸӵĴڣҪᣬ˫޶֮󣬱ӵѪ棬ԼǬµĴߣȻң
׼ַЦݡ
ˣ
Լʱ㳡˳𶯣˿߿գͻأ䣬һâ󷽼۶ȥ
⡭
ĩλãҶȡ纺ơ͸Ӧ־ɫƺҲԤеǬʳʥŮԸ١
Ϊң
벻ס
ҶͻȻסѵ򶨣򶨣׼ʲôֶΣĲھͱǿѷ֣κξٶĻػῴǵαװĿǰð취ԲӦ䣡
Ǭʳǿ֮Ȼûпִ֮ڣԳ֣ҲųԣǬʳǴأڻ֪ôһ£ҲͬҶӦ԰취

âͻȻϷ
ôһλ񣿡
ֲǴĺ᣿ƺ̫һСͷˣ
Ϲۣǡ
һʱ˷ǼĽޣ޵޲ðж˿飬ֺôһͨϣ
Χ𺳡ɫ񿴵һлӣͻȻλΪһʵۡ
ôˣôˣ
ݼǱġ
֮Ȼڷ仯ȻֹˣҲѧ˳һЩ컬
ƶˣ̾ϢӦѽ׷
Ŀ£һͬľͷҿȻ󾪴У־ֹȻδС
СӲйʺˣ
ԱʼǸʿĽðǡ
ʱʿΪһʢĸŮ׵ϲ㣬ǻʳϹѾͬ㣡
ң̫ˣ
粻òȥӦҲơҶȲӵУǱıɰ
λѣǹʹͣŮֵ
л
˵ʩ漴ʿָ£һͬʹԽ֮ӣʣﴵӵ۾
λкø裬Լᣡ
ʳһӿϰλŮʳд񵤡ǬʳǵĴ֮
ڻʹ֮Уȴһ
ڻʹΧŮ澷׷뿪类עţɭ䣬һͬޡ
Щܽ죬Ҳǿ¼ҹϵ죬¼ҵĵϵ
ʹ֮ϰʿΪλĸִﵽλŮΪλ
үүģоԾ
˱ʿΧҲһ
ͬʱעΧһһаĿУ͸һɱ⣬ﵽʵͳԽǰڿͷߴԶŸ֣Լ̣ǬˣҲռ˶ٱˡ
빬֮ʿΧΧˮйͨһû˵һ仰ȴš
˼Ǿõȣ̫Ҫգ
һ߹ʧŮӴŴֻɴ׼λŮǣ£빬
ż׼òǹÿһ˿ÿһ󣬶ŶׯŵϢֲʧһݾ
ҲҶȵˣ˽λ׼δΪֻǷӡ󲿷ϢоУûбҪͨǰαװ
棬׼ܽ桢ױϣ覵΢ЦֲǴĴŮ
ĿȻڵһʱϣҶȡơ纺Զ˺һѡ㣬ǸоԵ֣𣿡
ţţϷһΨΨŵŵʸ
ţɲΪ
׼ɫͻȻסɫ̫Ǻôĵӣڴ֮У˽Զȡƣǿ֪˭Ƶģӵ֮־֮
ɶԺôʰ㣡
벻Ӳ׼ķۡ
⡢˵Ц𣿡һͷԵģ
׼ٴθȲɵǳǳЦݣǣǬʳǣҵĵΪǹϢѹƵһƽ״̬޷ע⵽ǣǵ̫ˣ⵹ص㣬صʵݣ


2351 ޽
ɱһܳģҵʵݣ߸ϣֻһ鶷񣡡
׼ƺӿʼףͫĿ⻺סԽĵǬʳǣѲˣУҲѴ࣬ǲĺ᣿
Ȼ
ʱ䣬Ҷȡ纺ƶһ
׼ȻݣȻҲ뵽һ棬ǶЩɣϾϢѲһ˿Կģ׼һˣл棬ƿϢǿߡ
˵ǻһӦϢ׼йϣҪõᣬԻԼʳжҪ
һӵߣ㹻ȥ췭ظı仯ǬʳʳȻһѵģ׼Իõ硣
Լõ塣
Ŀǰ˵ԴҲ벻ǰ׼ȻҲһӵ
һơ
ȻϣԺ֮һ뵽ĸɱһɱ⿪ʼ壿Ǵ˵֮е壿˵Цᣬ
˵ѵ䲻壿
׼¶һŭ⣺Ȼ岻¼ңҲƿ񼣴ڵĴλڴͬģ
²˼ֻͨˣҲϣԼʲô崫ߣǲǣᣬС
Ϸ𣿡
׼һ磬ǴƵļϣӨөâ뱾ȷǹ󲻿ԣλÿ԰ʵҵ˶Ը㣿ǲǣʱԲɫգ
𣿡
һ̵磬ʧȥǸɫ˫ͫͷųĹӿǵͽλ񣬿ɴʱ׼ǰӹ󲻿ԡ
ûа취ˣȥҲջᱻ׼֣ԶҲ޷뿪Ǭʳǡ
Ӳ
ԣ
ҪĴ۲֮Կ˭Уʵأ֮ʲôҪڵ֮£ӳǬʳǡ
װǵüװȥʽûһȻԷ֪ݣԳһ㣬Կ׼ʲôĿġ
׼У壬ҲֻһλλҲӲָɽ
׼ΡΡ˺һǾϲ𺳣ԣԣ㣬װΣÿͷţԶĺᣬ벻ʧ壬ѪⱲ£
һ԰һĻ߶һ䣺զôδĿĲֶΣһ˻ܲջ󣡡
֮ⲻھƣҸоܲ򵥣ڿʼиҪԸӦϢˣʲô
Ҷʼ߶ӦǷǳΣյģһѾûѡأܲܲԷȻ
绺£ͷŶԶԶ׼
׼׵Ŀů˵Ҳˣ⵱ȻģαʿΪͻƿԵ֣ҲҪʵҶԣ˫ӮѵӲ𣿡
룬ŮӣҪ㡭׼ȻǬʳǵĹǰʲô㲻ҪΪʵҪңҪǿң棬λ֮ʸҴͬ߶ȣҲ֪Ԥ֮ӣҲ֮أ
ݼǴ󱬷ʼһƽӹ֮ˣھߣ֮ɲװģ֪˵ʹˣǲǣ¼вˣõĴУÿ˶õ񼣵ĴУΪԤ֮ӣǲǣ
벻
׼һ仰ȻЭˣ𿴱Ǹ߸ϵĹʳ֮У̫ӵѪĴڣҲǿֻͨŮӣָ飬޸һͬƽӹˣӣǴˣԱҲûʲôģ빫ҳΪԤ֮ӣҲõ񼣴УҾǿĴڣΪҶ֮ⲻǺܺ𣿡
ߣ׼꺢ӣͿԵõ񼣴У֮ɲһƽ
ưɪɪ
ҿ׼治򵥣һƲɣƣڸӦΪ˴£Ҫ˵ԭ򡭡
ɲǣҶȵĸӦ˽紫뻢ڣ׼ϾȻӡϢ
ˡ
֪ͫһ͵â
׼һĵôˣ
ûʲôֻǹ˵һĻҲ뵽ȥ֮;ᣬˣ
ǰ׼ǵɱֵĺᰡ
βŭβ¿ƽв֪ϰǬʳǸˣǬͷȡΪ˱
һʼΪ׼ǵõ⣬벻ŮȻҲӵϢĴڣ¿Ϊϵ򵥣磬ڲʱ뿪Ǭʳǡһһ취׼뿪ǬʳǣֻҪ뿪磬ǿҲԸǣ֮УǻδӲȥͻᱻְΧ
ܸܵжɱˣҶȻǰο
Ǭʡ𽥰
׼ȫ¼ӣҲǷˣȻҲԼĵ̣ӣǻ壬빫һԣ
ʣǰһ
˵õ־ϿɣӵС޽ߡ
޽ߣ
޽ǺٳʣҪڸӦ棬ĸӦ͸˵Ľ磬ҲͨӦ𽥿ƶԷĽ磬һ͸Ľľ޴ʱս磡
Թ򲻷֮УӦҵϢ
ҶȵףΪڸصΪйоصͨˣܱ֡
Ϊ޽ߣͨκν硢Ŀƣ⴩󣬿˵˴ˮĴ󲿷ֽ磬
׼һ£ݺ壬ҲֻлϹӣ𣿶дϵ빫־Ĵϣ𣿡
粢δϴ𸴣˻˵ĵǲ٣ֻʣһѪѣܲҾһ
Ȼԣ֪̫ͻأҪʱúÿǣҲϣʱ䣬ʵ¼ƵġԪ񵤡԰Ԫ
׼óһƿСС磺ǹʲôҪܿڣʱʱ빫̸죡
׼뿪˹
Ǭʳǣ벻һ죬յĴˣͷųĵŭ
Ҷȡơ纺ΧϰοƵȻǵͽλ񣬵ǱȴǳˣʲôǬ򣿽㶯֣ҲͷŤ㣡
Ҷȵ׼ĿģںˣȻ㣬õѪһΪ񼣣Ŀģ̫Ϊһ֮
񼣣񼣲ܱ£ɱˣõıֱ£׼Ϊ˺ܴ޽ߣòҵѪĻ壬ҪǵУһ̣練Ц˳


2352 Ѱ
Զһ֮С
׶
Ϸ֮ϣһλŮӣŮһۣη𣬶һǬʳǵĴȻʳǿռ䡢ںΪһ塣
׼빬ŮӼæĻ
׼£˵ѡ˫ѡԷкʸУ
ԷһʡһЩ׶ᾡھЩüֵ
ʱΪѰѹأһУǳͣõԴ֪һֱ˽ΪδĴߣкܶȥյģΪ֪СҪǿʲôҲԸĸĸԶҲվߣ
׶ҪԼ̫ѹ
Ϊ˸ĸ治ס
׼һֱֳĬֱصԼй֮С
ˣˣ˵ͷУΪܳΪ֮׼ͲУΪʲô֮ƿط򡢾κˣΪ׼
ҲǵģУֻǷˣֻЭˣһΪ֮ΪһŮʣ
й֮С
׼µվʳǣüȼǿ
˭Ҳ벻һŮӣвӣ󲿷ӵ׳־
֮
һŮʣ
׼
Ǭ񼣣ҵģˡ񼣣ǿȵĹ֮һ֮Ҳޱǿģ׼ҪΪǬ񼣵ĴߣҲҪΪ񼣵Ĵߣ֮£ֻһӵ񼣣ҪòҪ룬ҵ־취򣡡
ǿҵռй֮У׼תʧɴ֮¡
磬˳׼ԸһȥΪն׼뿪Ǭʳǣ
УҶȡ纺ơΧһ취뿪ǬʳǣϾԷ֪ĴϢҪ˾
Цٺ٣кܴƣʵʵѾ濹׼ֻҪ뿪ʳǣǾߺξУҵʱ׼֣ǶҪ֣ʰûһŮôģϴĪаûʰ׼һҪʰ
Īа
ǰжŮħͷĪаһ׼Ҳ򵥡
񵤣ƿó
Ȼʵ񵤾ӵ¼ϢΪԳýǣⲻ֪κϢǶԻ⣡Ҷ׵
˵߶ƿһſ񵤾ͷ˳
񵤣׼ԣƿ֮С
׼ֻ֪һбԼƿأ֪Ե֮Ҳ޷ƿصĴڡ
ڶ죡
Ů澴ӵ£׼ȻЩҲȻˡ
׼ȵԱߣ֪γƺ
΢΢ӦԶԷ۸ͰɱѹᣬֻʣһˡΪ磡
磡
壬һٸǬʳҲȲϣֻʣһˡ
ΪʵСȻϢ֮УҲԱ
кν飿
ҾùӦں񼣣һӲͳΪ𣿡
֮ҶȰд磬ȻҪõѪ񼣣Ȼ˴㣬Ǿ˳⣬ӶҲ뿪ǬʳǣҪǣΪʱõ񼣣֪Ƿȥҵ񼣣һǼ֮Уһں񼣣һԵһλ֮ȻҲǵĴӪ
ǰ
죬Ϊҵ񼣶û׼аҵ񼣡
ạ̃Ҳ˳ǵ󣡡
簵лӦһȻ˼һʱ䣺Ͳں񼣣ʵٽѹ
׼һģϵĻش𣺡˫ޣһͬǿ󣬶ǿҵǿа취ﵽĿģֶΪڴûеλԶҪܵ˿ƣһ֮˵㣬ѵһӶǵİţ
ʵѰ񼣣Ҳһֱ룬֮Ҿһֱ֮Уòһ죬ίߣֺôܣҶԴ˽⣬ʵ֪ںδң
ӣͽǣ֮Сʱһ񼣣ҲУ˽⣡
񼣾ںδȥҪں
缱ʳһϵ⣬ʵǰҶȡơ纺ʳЩ⣬պ׼ԴǴ𰸡
Ӳ
׼ɫ΢΢иһգ͸񼣵ںԶŵڣѾвʧµȻ࣬ж٣ֻ֪֮¼ҵǬʵڻʳϷڴһ磬ҲǴߴֻд֮ȥΪǲ񼣾ʱյĸߴ˵֮ʣֽʱߣĿǰ֮û֪ںη
Ѱң
ӣᣬѪΪӣܸӦ񼣵ĴڣҲԤ֮ӣȻˣҵ񼣲ѣڽ񼣣Щ鷳Ϊ񼣵Χʣһ̵ˮݣŽÿһ񼣣вͬķееǷееǵȥɹҳ񼣵İ취
һΪֻҪԤ֮ӣ񼣾Զ
񼣲ǷǿһںϣӾ񼣣֮Ҳκβ˹ӣ
˵ȥѰ񼣣
ͻȻľٶܵ׼ƻ̫ҵ񼣡
Ӳȥ񼣣֮ǰҪһЩ׼ö౸һЩͬУŵ屻𣬾Ϊõ񼣣Һȱд㣬ȥʱգֵ׼ο硣
̸һ׼뿪
ǿͬУȷƿҶˡ
ҶҲʼ׼ζԸ׼ֻҪ뿪ǬʳǣǾͰȫˣҪҵ񼣣Ҫ׼˵Σգҵ񼣣ں񼣵ûᡣ
ΪڴĵλҪں񼣣
׼񼣣ҵõ񼣣Ҳҵ񼣣ҿҵ񼣣Ϳ׼
ٺ٣죡
˵꣬Ѿʼĥ
ȥ꣬׼Ŵ뿪Ǭʳǡ
ʳ֮⣬ۼʮ֣ȫλ˽λа˽λкü𣬿Ǭʳʵ
׼˴·ԣøΧһ𽥷Ǭʳǡ
죬벻лõ񼣣ʵǳԤϣ⿴׼ĻᣬʵҶõĻᡣ
Ѱ񼣹֮У׼£ʶٴ
о޽֮ز࣬Ƿ棬ޣҺǻûкܸߵԼԵʮԪҲڻͻһ硣
Ҷȡ纺ơ֮ǰΪͻǺεȾˣλǾƿͻƲǿЩѾﵽλԲڻԪԼԴںϣδͻƵס
ٶڴ֮зУԼ
׼ָǰյǰǴʱգǹȥڣǾʹ￪ʼӦ񼣵Ϣ


2353 
ʲô
Ǿأ
Ҳ֮أ
׼ָ˳ƿȥĿǰջգǴ档
΢΢ĲԪˣĸȷһ·Ҷȡ£ĵط
ɣȱõ񼣣ʱڣ벻ɣĸҵУ㣬ҲҪɥ֣֮עˣһʷĽŲԶһ죡
ע⵽ɫ仯׼϶粻ᷢıҲʵб¶
⼴Ԥʾ񼣽ᱻõ
һԼĸŵŮˣһΪ֮ǻǺεȵһĻ
׼ӿٶȣΪҪڴУҲЩѣշС
ʮǿߡ£˴Խһʱգģһ½Ƭŵ֮С
Ǵ½ƬǴ֮еķ档
˵ǰһ½Һܾˣ𳤴ôԪȴһЩƬ
ˡ
˽½ƬգҶͷŸӦӴ½ƬӦһ˿˿Ϣ
Ȼյĵڡ
ٿ磬ۿѾʪ󣬼ʱСҲСʱļ䣬ɳһĻһĻɫ
׼Ԧռ䣬ռ䣬׼ڽܵѾķϺܾãֱ񣬻ʱʱʿ̤żϣҵıǹ񼣴еϢϾ֮Ҳõ񼣣
ʵ֮УѵûһһҴˣ
֪ΨһһˣҪ˻ȥѾȥֻҪõ֮ںϣ壬Ҳ£
壿
ᣬѪ±㣬ĽپߣԱţ񼣣
жΥԼ⣬׼ȻǰһġˡƺѾں֮ͥУԼˡ
½ƬԽԽ࣬ڴ콨һ½ʱ壬Ǻεȵǿ󣬵ջӲˡ
ʱ֮׼ƿռԽշеٶѾûʲôκμֵ￪ʼӦʧ񼣰ɣ
ͷ
˺һ
׼ʿ뿪֮ң֪ʲôӲ֪ݣһݴ춼ҪΪ֮𶯣ΪÿһԤ֮ӣǶδ֮
Բ񷣬һâͷŶˣһą̂ǰǬ跨ĵ޽磡
Ȼ磺ξѪ
ણ
ɣָһѪڼ̨롣
޽ߣ
Ҷڰע׼Ϊʣ޽Ȼڹ治ǿƣǸӦȴ޵еġ
һǶ޽ߣϢ͸ǿκν磬κν磬ʵȹӿ¡
̨ʼȼâ˾ȴȥ׼һ˫ֺʮâȼΪһ¯
΢΢ͷŸӦͷص׼ĸӦ޽ߣǵʱǬʳǣûôڳ׼пܿ˵Ĳ
Ҷ޽ߵҲʣҲֹһ֡
ˡ
ߣ
ӵмԦҶֻҪ΢΢ͷŸӦȻ֮е֪ͬתܵ׼ĸӦԼӦΧ
޽ߡӵеĻһصӦԪĻߣǸף
׼ı񼣣ҶȴʱѾڴ޽ߵ⡣
һȥ
ˡ
ͻȻ΢΢춯ȥ𺳡ϲģ񼣾Ǹλ
޽ߣ޷ġ
ӣѾ񼣴ŷλ͸Ϲȥɣ
׼õ񼣵ͷԽԽԣκ˶ż
˳ӣһڸֱ£һͬ߿ա
Ǭʵĺ᣿
ȥһӰӷֳ֮
һߴصˡ
Ƿ΢΢̾Ϣ屻ǬҲǲУĺᣬôӵϢǬʣôҰģһ񼣲ŵ𣿻õ񼣣Һһֱûڴ֣汻ǬЩס񼣣
֮ӣԤ֮֮УԴĽϣ֮ˣЩԼʵ񼣣һ㣬ʱ䲻ˣһԶŵ֮˶䣬һ˭˾ٲǬ˽ļһ
ֳ֮󲻾ã޵ʧ

һƬʱա
ǳңԶʱգǺķڶѻ
ಣ
֮УͻȻһâֻһ֮ࡢ̫ʼ㡣
֣㲻ǡ񼣡Ĵߣ˷㶼Ժɣ㣬ڵʱգ
â΢΢༤ŵл
񼣣
Ԥ֮ӣѾԤ֮ӣõ񼣵ġ֮
żԦâռ䣬ǰš
Ƭʱպܹϣ֪ڶٸԪ
ֵ̫ʼһõ񼣡ֻ񼣣ҲΪµ֮ҷŲųΪãڴ֮УûλܶλֵܣŽٱЩ֮ӣ

̫ʼ¶ǿЦݣӦ֮󣬰ཻ벻֮ʱǾٵ빬Ԥ֮ӡ֮У˶Ԥ֮ӲƫƫţȻǺ޿֮ģ
̫ʼһӷ翪ʼ棬磬Ի͵ʱڣʶˣţԼʵʩչκμıڷ֮мǵʱͿֱӳѹαش£ϷŸҸоһȵ۹ܳԶĿǰȷҪǿڴվȽŸĿǰ뷨
Ժأ
Ժ˭˵ǵѣҿԿ϶һ㣬ʱңѾǿ֮Ҫɵţ
ÿ¶аգΡƺڶע
ǰɽ硢磬ҵǰƻһָҴﵽڵĸ߶ȣ졭һҲδ̤һİ磬׿Ƶ磬ʱҪһһѡһĽ죬ҿԳԽǰһΪ֮ٿ뱾ͬʱڵǿߣۡʥλĸʥ˭ֳΪ֮һҲûУʴ˴ڻͷȥʱһҲջ񣡡
వԺ̾
ڶ˽֮ʣԽʱգĿ΢΢סλڵĿռ䣬ӦþͿ쵽ˣ
ȲǰȻǸ߿֮гһˮâ֣ʵ֣ѵô׾ҵ񼣣ûн籣һ˶Կ񼣣
Ž͵ףǳ˴ߣκ˶޷񼣣ͬȵ֮ûһ˿Խ񼣣Ծ񼣴֮УҲ˿Ժ֣108ǰȷڴĶˣϧϵԶ񷣬ںϵ񼣣߶Ҳ񼣲࣡
̫ʼͻȻ߿գ񼣣񼣣ѸӦǿҵϢ


2354 ֮Ĺ
̫ʼ˵֮Ҳǰȥ
Ȼһ嫡һɽʣƯڷϷͻأȥԶ֮ϡ
ƾɽһǳǶڷ֮ϣ˾Ȼ˴ˮͷŵľ⣬ݽһһĻȷȥһְ֧Ĵ
񼣣
֮еĲڣҲ֧Ŵ졢硢ɽ硢硢ľֻδﵽ۷Ϊ֮ʵҲԶԶ۷壬Ϊ񼣵ˡ
ϼڳ鶯ɼʱж༤
Ͽ񼣣̾Զһ񣬸ѪʶǻʣĽ֮У̵Ĵڣһ֧ÿһ񼣶ǲģÿһ֮Ľף
̫ʼ˫üĺȻһ᣺֮£мʿھ
һߵʿӦ񼣣ں񼣣ǶٸԪжٵʿûһܳɹӵеְٷ֮һЩʿ˵һܣҲϾΪ֮Ǿ㲻Ĵڣ
Ƕں񼣣Ӱɣ
ں񼣣ػ𶯣ʮ֮Ӧ𶯣ͬʱâ֪֮񼣸գһ֮ϢȻЩǽûںϵǰ֮£ЩʿԼ֪֮ں񼣣ƱػὫնɱѹǱ뽫Щʿһһնɱ
Ķŵķţڴʱ֮У͸ɱ⡣
߿ܣ
Ҳ˳ʵǷΪһ죬ȻӱΪ׵ԭ
ɱ
ͷϵڻ̫ʼԺȼ
ֻ֮ţ
δ֣ҲһԵȴȻ˻ѣ̫ʼؿǼʿҲڰǰ
ﶯİգ֪潵˶꣬ƬգҲΪ񼣵ĹϵѾΪķ½
ɳҡҷʿɶλλĴڣ϶ʿʵȻǿ
ҲеԸôĸ
ʿ·Զ벻˶ǳ֣˳֣Ҳϣɱɱķ
ڽ죬ǳֵĲʿǡ108֮УΪϡǿֻ񼣾
ֻ֮ţ
ת켫֮ȣ
ͻأ䣬ʿڷ½оڴʱǵϷͻȻһӵŶħľ޴Ż
Ӱʵ壡
ͻͻͻ
ħŻſ죬ֱѹ֡
ãɱɱ
һƬռ䶼ڻ֮УŷӦһֱ񼣣жЩٻ
ոַǶħŻѾѹڵĿռ䡣
գۼ䣬Ƭ治ˣʿҲ֪ȥ˺δ

Ż֮ϣ̫ʼ˲麹ʾͽλ߶ֻ֮ţ̫ˡֻܴ߶һŻ
ֻ108֮й֮һֻ֮һֱҲĽ磬Ȼ
һħŻƯڻ̫ʼϷ㵣̫ˣֻ񼣡
һ˭棿
̫ʼࣺʿҿԴ߶ŻΪе
벻ֻ֮ܰѻΪź治ѣྲȴš
ʱڻ̫ʼϷĶħŻʧһƵŻһŻ棬̫ʼӡ֮󣬱мЦݣλλ񣬻뷴ֻ֮ţǴﵽµľͷֻ֮֮УҲֻбΪˣֻش컯
ˡ
ŻʼȼյøңֻǼ֮
ŻͻȻŻ̫ʼ֣̯һ̣ƯŽӲӣâε
ں񼣣Ҫ
Ҳѵ롣
̧ͷǷ·绯Ԫ񼣣ҪģͷâͷԼ֮񼣣֮еػߣ־٣ػ־ûзӦֻ˵ֻҪߣ
һâ֮Χ㱻â֣գƯڰ֮ӿâ
һ̣̫ʼ˺Զâ
ȼյâʼӿ񼣣оһâ񼣡
Լ֮
񼣾Ȼʼâ
ɹˣػ־ʼգſࡢ̫ʼҪ֣˫ȭ߬Ҳˡ
ʱ˿̣ȴһУһĻ޷ġ
Сࣿ㵽лࣿ
һʥཱུٶ
侲Ӧ࣬ѾΪȥ
ʥֳ֣񼣵ػߣĹˣԶ֮һλ֮߳󣬽񼣣ұ㵮ΪԶػߣѾڣӦһе⣬֮еĲţԶʱһʥ䣬Ҳвõµʯôߣõ񼣵ںϣûһܳɹӹŵжߵʿûڣҲ֮࣬УΨһһλܽߵĴڣ
Ҹղ˵ǹȥڣǰã̤죬ͬʱӦλߵĴڣһ㣬һʮֵأһĿǰҪԶӦõҵɣ̤񼣣Ҫ㿼飡
ֻͨ飬ܳΪһˣΪ˴֮£ǿ壬Ҳ˵֮࣬׼ˣ
׼һУ
ܺã
ͻȻâ֮޵ֳ·Ӱ
࿴ĸ棬ʱ𺳣ΪԷȻӵĹˣ°һϾȻͷ
þȣҵĵ壬Ĺˣɵһߵ񼣿ʼвǿڽ֮лľ䣬ΪǿĴ
Ĺ˲ʵͷÿһŲһģңֱͷŽľˮâ
ǿߣǿߣǽ֮塢ľ֮塢ˮ֮塢֮塢֮壬һߴˣʱҪ񼣣ֱ֪֮񼣣˵һҲҪľǧǧԶǿߵԼ֮д󲿷ֵоաǿߣΪ񼣷׷׳ǵ࣬񼣲࣬ӵʵӵȨĴڣԶǿߵϣԼԪϣϣڽ֮У׺Ϊ񼣣ҲϣΪһֻǻ񼣣Ұĵɣҵ־֮У
Ĺ˷ʥ֮ͷÿһףǶࡣ
ˣ
âȼգԪĹץġ
֮ǰ໹֪Ϊǿ󣬿֪ˣĹ֮Уû˿


2355 Կ׼
죬һƬңԶʱա
߲ʱգʮ¼Ҹ֣׼´﷨УҶȡ纺ơΧ룬ǰȥ
ǧѰ֮У׼һֱͷ޽Ӧ񼣵׼ȷλá
񼣽ˣܽˡ
簵Ҷȡơ纺Ǽ˫ͫ⣬ȴԵúƽ
ҲҪʼ׼׼Լ¼Ҹֳ֡
ԽԽ¼˺Ƥʱ̣Ҳˡ
ɭɭĵϴǳô˻ᣬһĸں񼣣ɩǶԸ¼Ҹ֣ס׼һ򾡣ǵס¼Ҹֱ֣ں񼣣
˼һᣬҶ׵żƻҿ׼¼жһʱǬʳԮһռȨ˵׼ǬʳԮڰں񼣣ǳͷǲὫݱ¶ȥ
ڻΪڰʵڰ
ҶȼƻΪ֮οܲں񼣣ҪҶƶܷ赲¼Ҹ֡
ǲǹ¾ս
ѾԴ߶̣ȻҲԻѪ桢\â֮ۡĹߴ֣ÿһվڻͷ֮еĴڣ˵׼ЩˣٶһЩʲô纺ڵõ񴫳УλΪʵӦôﵽ߽λ£Ӧ׼֣Ӧ¼Ҹ֡
Ҷλ񣬵ʵѾﵽλ߶ȣԸ¼Ҹֲ⣬Ǭʳ㳲ôһʩչԪɨǬʳǶ⡣
Ǭ϶ù¸׳Ƴ
ˡ
ͬʱҶڷһǰ֮ϣȻһ̡·Ĺ壬ɽ򣬵һࡣ
羪̾񼣣
׼ȴԵ쳣ƽһɽ¥ζڻҪӣ񼣣һ·ǲףӣһΪ֮ʱҪմմӵˣ
һ˳Ļǲ㣡մմϲ
Χ
׼´﷨֮ʮɢγһİΧȦ
һʱ׼Ŵ֮¡
Ű񼣿У治񼣣·ص࣬Ϸâںһ𣬷·ǻģص񼣡
׼ֵԴ֮񼣾ʧȥ䣬û֪ںδӣڵٻҪ񼣣ҪͷҪ񼣣ҪķӣҪԼɣ
ã
Ҷȡ׺󣬻գվ󷽣׼ȴǽ棬ƹģȴǲƿء
񼣵Կף
׼֪ʵգ񼣵İ취취ĴУǾģֲͬӡܽ񼣡
񼣣Ѿ׼ǰ׼һֱСɫչ˫ۣ񼣣ϵȱǵﾭǧ࣬һٴθˣһȡЩ˵ͷ
̫ˣ㿪һ̣ҾҪȡͷȡ񼣣
׼󣬰Ե⣬Ǵֿɵõı
Ѿ׼ʱնڽ¡
ͬʱ޹ؽҪҶȡơ纺ڰз¼ɱһ

âʼӿȥ
׼ĿԽԽУԽԽ̰磺ʣ򱶣ҲȲϰϧ磬¼Ҳ֮ˣҲῼ㣬Ͼһ֮У彫ʧ
ᣬĵĺᣬˣ
Ƹ񼣣Ȼһ̣ӵײͷųһâ
â֮бĹҶȡ׼֮⣬ûΪӵػߵ
ģʲô
׼һһٴδǰһֱϵ磬һ𺳣ǰӣȻǾĵӵߣ¼ҵжͶйϸо˭õĵ壬û˳ɹ˻ɣֻһ˵
ڣ׼ػߵʥ֪δ˵ͻȻһָоƺһֱڱƭ
ʱûȷӵкεģ벻ǰ磬ͳߡ
ػٴν٣ϵԤԣٴ߶ת֮аɣĺӣ
ģ
ͷŶâУſӡַϱ仯ſӡȻںϣΪһŻ
Ǵʱ
ڵȴᡣ
׼ҲڵȴᣬõϿɣҵ񼣵ķȻնɱݣ֮С
һֱ̡
׼ȼյɱ磬һץǬ
׼֪һֱڿһУʲô֪ҿɲеϣ
գ֮ʡ
תһȭ׼
׼ʵ벻׼δȫͷţֻһŭȭ
䡭
˽λʵ̫һƾͰұץ顣
㼴³ҵ뷨Σ뵽ʵܴλ񣬴ﵽλǾĵƬ֮󣬾׼Ҳң
׼΢΢һȫȻûнնɱĺȻŭһơ
ٺ٣
׼ĹƣѾûֶΣֻп⣬ͻȻһֻһ۵ĳƳλϡ

׼벻Ҳǳа񡢴µĿ⣬ֱһ
ʱ䣬Ǭᣬһħ
ħӡ
ƿɲ֮࣬䣬ħӡӿоǺˮ׼
߳߳
Ǭ¼ҵľѧ׼һ飬һųħüĴȥ
ޱ֣
;һӡץסݺݵһקͬ׼Ҳ𶯡
ԭҶȼʱɱ
磬ں񼣣Ը׼
ͬʱ纺ҲҶԱߣϳţƺǰ绤ں󷽣ԳԾѵ׼
ԭһڰϻ
׼ʢŭƿһУһҪʲôʲôû˸ǰΣϾգ˶ҪԻ
ǣƫƫǰСӣȴΪ
аشЦ֪̤ǬʳǣѲһУΪӵϢһܣǲ֪ΪǬ϶ǵ֮һǲ֪
ҶȽĮȻʳĻӣ棬ҲϢ׼Ϊ޽ߣͿԸӦǵܣⲻ֪ÿ˵ĸӦҲȥӵϢܣͱıҲָƣҵ񼣣Ȼõ񼣣˵㣬ҵ񼣣ں񼣣
ãããǵǺη̫ҲκιϵǲҪ⣬ˣΧǣ
׼ɫ֮࣬£ʮǿߣʱ˰Χ


2356 춯
ಣ
ʮ¼Ҹ֣γΧɱ֮ƣͬʱҶȡ纺ͬʱΧ룬񼣵â
׼һȣŹһɱ

һλ߽λ֮Ļ񣬼һͬɱÿռ䶼ڲռﵽµߣҲ޷ġ
֮
纺Ϊ֮ߵģͬҲ˽λԼʮλ߽λĻǿߡ
ʵ⣬ѣ纺һ
֮
ֻ֮š̡ͬȴڵ
ٿ
Ⱥ֮ʱ纺ٶԼƣԶԶʮɱǿߣǺ֮ڸ룬ƾ˶޷վȣ׷ˡ
ģݱ¶ˣʲô¶񼣲͵ˣ
֮߶ƿǲɩܵ˺ģüһָۿʮɱüͻȻͷһâ
ô£Ůôӵд֮еĺ֮ǿԶ
׼Ϊһ֣ܰҶȡơ纺סΧɱ벻纺ȻһȡжǺ֮ٶȶ˰˽λ
֮ĺᣬ׼һϳǾǺ֮
Ȼ𺳵һĻ̷
֪ʲôʱ߹ԶŵѪϢʼӿռ֮ͷų׼ʮֶź
ˣڿǳ
͸͸ҲãٸԪ綼ǵĴ˰ɣ
һɹаӳͷŵâ֮д
ˡ
ââһͻȻһµľӰӰ֮ʣΧ¼Ҹ
Ѫ桢\â֮ۡĹһһڳƵңֻ̬һ㣬ֻʮɸߴȫ̬Ҫﵽɡ
¼Ҹֱŵֱ£ļЩôܣôܣһﵽŽλߴڡôܣҶаħľͷ
ǽһҲܲˣΧƬռ䣬Ŵ򹷣
ǣˣ
ߴԶߣͻȻʧٴγʱѾ׼Լ¼и֣Χռ֮ڡ
һƯķΧ
ԮʳԮ
ǰǵĶ֣ߴ̫ˣ˵𣬾ǶԸˣ
¼и׼£׼ܣͬʱԸ
׼ȴһһǷѵǵ֮ɱɱɱǲ֣صʳҲֻ·һ
ɱ
԰ǲò׼ĺͷϿ֮ʲôʱ¼ڴ
ʱ䣬ʮֲٹ˼ɣ˵Ȼ¡ţѾû·һˣֻбնɱˡ
Ǽߣ汾ɱ⼸
׼ͻȻΪﵽ˽λĸһͬɱҶȡ纺ơ
磬ӿٶȣ
ȻҶһԶߴߣ¼ڶ࣬ʮˣǸ߽λ񣬾ߴ֣ҪɱĻҲҪһӡ
һӣ㹻׼նɱˡ
ɽ
ħӡ
죡
˼ͬʱ֣ĴַԼǿ
䣡һʱռ룬ԼΧʮռ䣬ʼױɱ
ۣ
ֻһУҶȡ纺ƾͱ׼Ĵֳ˺һѪ
磬㲻Ҫ񣬽񼣳ɹǾͲηηβ
ֻʩչ˽λԿ
纺λơҶλ񣬼һ𣬶Ը˽λǿǿߣȫƣһ֣˾ͳƿ
һ֮ҶͻȻǰȻ纺һһң԰ַҶȵļ֮ϡ
׼ܲмʵϸԲѾ޷ƿأʵ峬Խ̫࣬ѵԸˣһȣ翹
ģ
ʲôֶΣ볬ԼʵǿжԿܼ򵥣ȻǰԼʵߵﵽͬĸ߶ȡ
һֻľͨ
ɽ
߶ģ纺ǿɲǼ䣬һɾ޴ֻؾɽһһΧɱĴͷٶ
ʵôôࣿ
һγ׼ԤϣͬʱһɽѹѹĴ֣޷վȣҲʧ
䣡ɽľɽһһٶÿһײ׼֣ԽԽʹࡣ
ԭϢҲӵֲãֲʵͻȻô౶׼ŭɱ档
ͻȻ޽ӦҶȴʱϢԼ߶ȣһæʱ䲻࣬ͷƲɵǽ赲Ѿɱˣʱֻа㣬ǼҪ߶洫
ǣҲǿ಻ԣ׼Ҫʩչʱһ¶˾ϲЦݡ
ģ
׼ļͻȻΪѪɫ
ҲҪ߶ĵСģǵüߴɱˣһ
ҶҲӦ׼Ϣ仯˲Ѫ纺磬Ѿڿʼ񼣵ĴС
Ǭ
·е
׼߶֮ӡ֮Ƽȫʧ
ɼǬжͨ󣡡ͻͻͻ
군ˣҶǰĿռ䣬ӿһʵĿ»ˡ
ֻˣֻ֮޷ռ䣬һЩ̵ķʡƬ֮£׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
գ۾ҶǰҰ˲飬Ҷ壬ʱѪĽ

һ̣纺ͻȻ߶֮һͬǺ֮߶纺ʵ֮Ҳˣú֮âʧ
κ֮
ˣ֮γɵİͻȻʧҶȡ纺ƸǽƣҲûˡ
ٿٿٿ
ͬһ̣˺󷽣׵磬ͻȻһâ񼣡

һĻ׼ˣʲôҲʧƵһƿնȥ߶һ񽣣ڵâնȥ
·׼ʧҲһʧҶȡ纺˱Ҫӽ֮ʣּһ׼ɱ磬˼ģƼæ߶ǿۡ
ˣ
â׼ɱȥ
ƣ
׼һת˳һâ֮ϣ׼ʧȥ񽣣âҲʧˣ׼֮࣬һڵâ
вĺ᣿Ц𣿡

â֮УͻȻػߵȻһ׼񽣣һͬɡ
ˡ
Ҷȡ纺ƻȥһ񼣶һ٣֪âѾʧ֮ڡ
Ƭʱտʼ𶯡
飬˴۵ϼ⣬񼣱ǷԼʣ׷ʧ¶һ̳ɫĴࡣ
񼣣
֮ʱ𶯸ңһâϷͻȻһȥһŽɫޱ񼣡
ˣ
ʮ֮ʱ˿̣Ϊʮ𣡡
ʲô񼣣
һ޵Ӵ΢΢ݶ


2357 ׷ɱ
ӣ
ԭƻ׼̯ƣڻں񼣣ȻҶȡ纺ڲϧǬʳΪо£һͬ񼣡
ֻҪ񼣣ǬҲֻиɵ۵ķݡ
ɱ仯Ǹı˼ƻ
һ˽񼣣ܴУԼ벻Ҵ֮Ҳ޷ƣԿƣͰһ񼣡
һʣ˳׼
ȻߴԶžͷҲǬʳǣѵ֮Ĵûߴ־ͷ\â֮ۡĹѪǿҲ޷֮ɣŽλҲ޷ɶԸ
ֻǶݷҶȾҪ£ߡ
ߴߡ
ץһħâͬ񼣸γɵߴߣʧ
ʮǿߣѾ˴룬ʣûģҲֻʣһ
֮
ڰջϣҶȵĿռԼ纺߶֮£ռ΢΢ˣ˲Ϣ·޴ʱշȥ
ۡ
񼣾Ȼںˣ
׼˫۳ѪҴǿҲ룬˽ֵڽҲŰ㹦ˡ
ȥ׼һȥ׷˼ҲûУڸоԼһжգһɲϵȴ׶ô
桭
֮ˣ׼߿գ·ڴľͷһ֮Ҫ֣һ̣׼žǿߵ
벻˺ͿֻǰӬͷС¼ʧȥõڶ񼣵ľѻᡭ
Ǭʷŭڲ׷ʱ򣬺֮ߴӡеӡ󡭡Ȼܣǡ׶ھʹ׷ɱˣͷߴһҪץǺ񴫳ߣŵ񴫳ж㣡
ģ
ոʧ֮۵׼ǬⷬȼǿҵɱԼռ
԰ôû񼣣Եõ񼣣ˡ
ɲǼ䣬һΣһâü֮С
׼һλָǰסƣ棬ͷˣʲôͷ
ǬҲ޷ҲһԤ֮ӣ޹أĿǰ֪񼣵Ĵߣϣ㲻Ҫκ˽뷨ѷϢ棬Ļô鷳ȥ׷ɱˣЩ֮Ҫһһ٣ȴµ֮٣

âһ׼ʱ˿̵ٶȣȻԽ˵ͽλԪʼ񣬴ﵽֲĸ߽λٶȡ
Զ
֮£
֣˵ںһ񼣣
춯죬̫ʼڵȴɹõػϿɣ֪Ҳ
ʲô޷֪֮ѴҼ̸Ϲȥɣȴȥֳɹ֮Уʱɹں񼣣ͬγ𶯣дֻ֮ߵܣӲЩ֮вĴڣǰٷ֮һʵҲûУ
Ŷ֮
ʱ˿̵ƽĿӿâɲǼ䣬ͬףϳ˹ϵۣһâ£˲ʧ
ٶȡѾǸ߽λô򵥡
ҪϿں񼣰̫ʼתȴϢ
вռ䣡
֮·ֱߴӸ߿׹׶磬ٶҲﵽ߽λ񣬶һҶͷ
Ƶĵϴ¼Ҹû׷ɱɣ
ҶȼԦߣҲһͷߡ߸ӦΧϢصĵĿǰδӦ¼ҵϢڲ׼׷ɱôҵĵ֮ҲǬʳǱ֮ˣǬʣһ˵Ѿ纵ĴУ˵Ǵ˵ҲӦˣϾ֮ѪǿߺܿģĻͲ¼ɱǣ֮
ߣڻͷѪʵܵһӰ죬ղҪ¼Ҹ֣òƬ̣
ѾǴæѪǣһڸΧɱ֮У״̬£׼ͷļʵ˸޷ػں񼣣Ҳ޷ڲܴ£ȫȫں񼣣
ǽô죿˵¼ҷְݣ֪ɩǺĴߣҲưڸݣ뾡취ҪԸǣ֮УĻں֮أֲ֪ʲôʱں񼣣
죿ǼҪǬռƣȥ磬һں񼣣Ȼѵı˾Լ֮תѾõص֮ѵǻ¼ңҾͲţõǬʣ᲻ݣ׷ɱǣ
ٺ٣ô죡
һֺǺˡ
ǵðѴһ졭
ٶٴμӿ죬깦Ѿ׶磬ȥѣǺܿ졣
һ֮ʮеĽ磬ȻǰǧѾֹͣУ˴Ӹ߿ռ׹¡
һ˾֪˺¡
֮֮
ŵòᰡ֪Ҷɽ飬칬ڵ֮Ҳֻһ칬ѣУҶȾֻҪҪʲôһж
ˡ
ոհѽģԼ֪֮ߵϷգһƿ֮
ǡ׼Ȼô׷ɱߣһ뿪죡
׼һĪаҲضãö֮Ҷ߶ˮ纺ˮǰ
һںϣʮκ֮
ӣ
ϿմͻȻ̣ɱͻȻ״׼ŭͬ䡣
׼˼һб¾׷ɱǣ
ڣˮݱҶںϣɲǼ䣬ʧȥ
׼ˮݣŭʼýƻļһ硭֪¼磬ǿ˷磬ҲͶˣ
֮ƴ󣡡
˵һƣͷųӡˮݾȻԶһŻ׼С
䡣
֮ϣ׼ֶͷ޽֮ҵӦ£ȥ޳šĵĮţٹݼ
һ׼ʱշȥ
벻ٶȣﵽ˺˵ĵزٶӦòǣѵǺ֮Ĵ
ʱ֮УˮԼ죬׼һӦ֮УҶֱմ󣬼һʱղϷ
ಣ
ΧͻȻӿӰ
磬Կó߽λ˽λ񣬵׼ʱӵƵֶ
һ׼£ޱȣӭʹߣ
ڴκҪӭΪǱֺЩʹߣһԼͿ̤졣
Ǹ߸ϣֻ֪¼Ҵ¼֮УдǱ뵽ģܰѱ°ãֱӻǽ죬ԺµǿߣҲ죬ܵ¼ұ


2358 ɱذ
޳ţȲ̫ţʵҲȥ
ĵĮͷʵ޳֮ϣǼŵ䣬ʵ׼ࡣ
һһ׼ǰȴֵǿһľͷ˴֮ѹסǣһѾֻ졣
׼ɸ߸ϣ䣬¼ҵĵϵ֮е䣬ǿߣ׷ɱˣ
ˡ
޳šĵĮ֣ûаɣ׷ͷٷȥ
ߣ
޽Ӧ֮£׼ǰҶȡ纺ӳǿգȻ׼Ӧ
Ҳڲͷٷø¸֣ҶΧɱȥ
׼ϢˣȻӴ׷ɱǵ취Ըˣ
֮Уǧͼǳռ䣬Ҷȡ󷽣ӦԼ籾ԴںϣϣѾܵ׼Ϣ
ЦеĺЦϴ󣬰ǰ˲ͳˣ
׼֪Ǳߴ򣬶˵֪纵ݣ֪һ˲ǵĶ֣ȴҪ׷ɱȻſǿֻлرܣٶĻҲռ˶ƣ֮Уú취
дǧͼٶȣ˴ﵽΪľͷ˽λҲһܳԽ
ٶƣϴǧͼϳͷߴͷǸǬʳ˺Ƥʱ
ִһʱգۻط磬Ҫú׼׽Բء
ϴ󰡣׼ƺһˣ
һ¹ȥһֱմ󣬳Ƶü΢΢ӿһâһ
Ȼб˱ȻǸ߽λ񣬶Դ֮бػд׼пܶЩԸǣҲգЩ֪Ķɱ٣պΪ
αػһɱ޷㣬ֻǰں񼣴УΪ񼣵ˣ˲Σա
ٺ٣ϴ˵νĥǿ϶ٴͻƣ
ֵ
ǼǱÿͻһ磬һɱ䡣
ǵȥʱ⴦ʱտŻң
ңԶ߿ա
׼˫ͫһֱ״̬ʩչͨȻ䷢
׶
޵֮񷴩
׼ؿ񷣬˵ݼ棡
񼣵ĴߣҪܳʱں񼣳أΪʮ֮׶˿Ѿ֪¼ҵܣߵϣҲõ񼣴Уػ¼չжһ½֮治£Ǽ񼣵ӵǾǴ鷳
棬ϴе׶ػסֻ󣬕׶Ѿ޳šĵĮУ׶ø룡
ŵ䵱õǿ¼ˣҲΪڰ˽λʵ࣬úϣ¼ץסץģоһǼ˵˶Ԥ֮ӣ
˶Ԥ֮ӣ
׼д󾪴󺧡
벻λͨ󣬽˶Ԥ֮ӣ
棬׶øһϢں񼣵ǸСӣ֮д˵еľӵߣ
˵ģ
Ǭɡ㵡㷲
׼ף׶Ϊֻһͨᣬȴںʱػʥŵ֪Ϣ
֪Զ֣Χɱ壬Ϊʱ˵֮УһӵоĵѪһֱţҪ񼣣ҪĵѪߣ벻ôһѪƵĴô꣬׶ҪץסЩˣԣ潫һᣬ񼣵Ĵ֣
׶Ṽ
׼ش֮ǬʧӰ١
ܴ֮Ӵ⽵־
ʹߣŸִϢѾӦ˵Ϣ
伤׼
׼Ϣ͸Ũɱ⣬մٶȿʼӿ죬߼֮ࡣ
һա
ǿƲ֮УشͬݷƬƲ·ֹͣ
ˣ
֮УֱһִﵽλǿߣڿƸӦ
ǸӦȻʱ֮УκԼϢϿ
ԶףԵĵж£
˶žͷǣǻǰա
֪Ǻ󷽵ѾƯһӰľЦЦָˣʮ֮һǻһɫԪʼ񣬿ЦǻԴ֪Ѿһ
ͻͻͻ
Ʋ֮Уʼ飬һֻؾɽƲ֮ͻأ׹£ѹں׼Ӫ֮С
Ҫ֪Ҷʵ߶ɽʵɴﵽλҲλԶЩ˵ֻشɽپĩ١
ƲѾ״̬
ͨɽ
ǧͷ׷ڹ֮ǰӦͬأǧһֻشɽ
ߣ
ҶȻǳ־˵Ļᡣ
¶ĴǧǿǰɳץסһûκϢֻϢϢϢ
еֻУȻϢ
Ϊ⽣ߵ߿ԸӦԦȻ֮еκԴ߶֮ҶһͿ԰Ԧκι̬
ѹˣ
ͽλ֣ҪΪҶȣҶͷŵĽûκΰԭ
͡
ɱҶǰʱҶͻأ٣ˣһʱͷ룬Ѫա
ˣ
ʬ壬ɷʬ֮С
ɱ
ͷ벻Ҷƽʵ죬һͬΧɱ

һϤκιصЦչն

ϯմȻſһѪĴ죬ʲôһھʹӸ߿ҧ
аħʦôƾħԴ֮ħصһħа񵫲ʧ壻çײʧǻۣӳ˲¹ͷ
һҧһٶǿ߽ͳΪ˳ħв͡
ۣ
ǰݺᣬֻ֫鱬Ҷһֱɱ

ճһ۾Ӱǳħ
ոһٶ֣ʱͬһ޴󻯣Ի˵Сһ
޴ʲôȻˣ
ſ죬ЩʶĿֲ׷׷ͨͨǳûЧԽ˶˭ʵﵽλ߶ȣ·Щǵͽλʵࡣ
Сóˣ˲һԸʹ죬֪ǲҲ뷨
󣬽󣡡
㹦˲أҶȡɱöףҰ˼ֱǹ֣˿ĴɱҲɱøɾ䣬ʵǰЩˡ
ˣ
ǻϢĸ߿գͻȻĢưâ


2359 Ľλ
ĢһԼ󷨡
ʿ֮УûһʵҶȡ纺Ʊȼ磬Щжôֲ
Ҳֲϴ
ٿٿٿ
ͬʱ߶ͨâƬʱɣӶƬշ׷׳״̬
ʱΧҲ˴𶯣ͷͷ޳šĵĮ֣ⷽʱɱ׷ŵð亹װʲôû֡
䣡
ҶȡƴһɱƸ󷨹һṦ˾ץסǿʬʧս֮С
ʧȻڷ֪ǿ뿪
׼ǳľͷɱϧ޳šĵĮԸǣҲСǵʵ
֮У纺һֱڵȴҶȡƣ֮߶֮߸ոմսˣһʱա
ͨӦҶѾӦ׼Ϣ¼ϢҲ޽ߵϢ׼ںϵϢ
׼ӹɣҪ֪һһð취ǴϢ֡
ᵽ޳ţҶ𼸷־㵣޳ûнӴξ޳ţ벻һȲ̫ŵ¼йϵһĵĮͬ˹ϵ
֮УǿģĵĮ紦ʱոһߣһͳʱգΪһ֮ʵ쳣ǿ佨޳ţǻĵĮʵǴﵽ˼¡
ںϣ
նɱһǧԼԪʼЩʬ壬ҶȡռҶȿʼͨھ֮Щʬ
ָˣ
֮ǰɱڵʱգ׼ɨ·һƬǽǿӪƺ֪סҶȼˡ
޳ʢŭɶ񣬿ɺޣıʧȥôǿߣ
ĵĮŹ°ɭɭĿ޳֣Щʲô㽫죬ΪͷҪ罨޳Ŷԣ
׼˵ĺܶԣʲôãʥأκڴ춼ܷɱ䣬Ϳ˵ΣһʣҲҪҰץס֮һ潵ٷּǽƣ
ƣ
Ե쳣Ҫ֮ɣֻ֮ƣܽ죬ֻгΪִڣԼ졣

Цˣ䶼߽λ˽λڣȴҲ޷Ტۡ
ܽΨһĿԣԴ֮հһпܵõͨơ
ΪˣһʣҲֵõġ
ٵ֣׼ΧɱˣҲߣ
񼣣Ԥ֮ӣ¼ҵõǽǴ
׼ʱʱ̶̿ͷβܸκδۣҲҪҶȡ纺Ƹץס
һθ׼գͷ޽߸Ӧ֮£ܿͷҶ䡣
֪˫֮׷Ҹϴﵽʮʱ䡣
ಡ
ʮӰһ֮ͬУÿһ˶ͷһϢ
ȴһᣬ׼֣ʮ빪ӭʹߣ
ҪΧɱ
׼֮䣬ǰɾسҶȡơ纺Ӱ޳šĵĮ뼫Ѿɳ֣ʮҲ㳲ЩʱγɰΧ֮ƣ

ʮɶĴڣǺԥؿʼӡЩ¼
ӡķ磬ʮʼƱҲһƺƴľκˡ
С
纣ҵƽ֮һʱ䣬ȡͻĽλ񣬽ʱ䣬ʹǵ׼ڸʱ
ǿʬһЩ񵤡ͨͨںϣγɰҶȾǸƳĽλ
纺һ֮С
̫ҵ
һ¯ȼգͨһڸһ񵤡
ж಻
ԡ¼ϵ񵤣ǰƵ񵤶ֻƤëˣ񵤣ӵʶϣ޸κη
ϧҶҲ޷Ƴ񵤣ѾԽԽ
Ҷȡ̫¯࣬ʼҲ֮óıںϣԴʹﵽָ֮߶ȡ
ҪͻĽλ񣬱ڵĻԪһںϣҲǻ壬֮ԳԽˣԽΪ֮еĻ
׼˵ʵֻǷ˳ں񼣣Ǭֶ񼣻ԺǬʱȻ硣
֮ǵв
ôʱ䣬̤񣬿ǻ壬ԼӵзֲĹϵԪ
ʱ䲻ϳڣʹĻԪԪҲںѪ١
ʮ
һ˸âȻҶȣҪס
뿪䣬޾ˮ
˵һطӰ쵽׼޽߸ӦǾˮ
ˮǺ죬ӣ׼ǿУҲҪܵԼ塢Ͱһ
纺շȥˮҶѾʼ⿪ȫнƣϧ׼̫żܾ纺ǣűߣҲпܷ쳣ӶֹҶȡƶɽ١
ɱ
纺ֽһʱգһδ֮Уһɱ֣¼ƿصһ
ϧ־Լʵôֵܵס֮
纺ֱӼԦ֮ǿӪ֮кֱײȺʿײ飬ǾУ˺
㣬֮纺ɱɽ˺ʣ´ʬԼҽУֶ֮С
ˮ
ȥҶƼͬʱӡȻ󱬷͵âƣһͬĿԴ
Ľλ
̾ǿµ֮Χˮռ䶼飬Ҫ˶ڵ纺Ҫϻȥ
񵤣֮Уʼָ˵Ѿȱν죬Ѿ洢˾˰ģ
ǧȥڽӭ飬֮УҶȿʼ纺֪ͨʱ䣬¼ɳļйĴ棬Һûʲô·纺ʱնʼֲٸ֣׼ҪγһŰΧ
ͻȻڣϴ󣬰ʵ߲٣Ӧɱ׼һֲ
𣿡ҶȺ֪뷨
Цеĵ׼϶벻ǻ־£֣ɩӼעڰзҪһٳɹ
õķãƣͰ˵İ죬ո׼ֻ߲һЩͷ֣жʲôζ˵Ҳһս
ڳ飬û
Ϊ뵽һ㣬һֱûȥ׼ܴӴ죬֪ʵ£׷ɱ˵ܶԸ˵ֻ޳šĵĮЩ䡣
һ֣һѪս


2360 ɱֲ
ھ֮֮ҶѾɣصˮ֮Уȥ纺ϡ
֮Уʱʱ̶̿ϾʵδﵽĽλ״̬ʱҲ޷
֮󣬾纺֮м棬˺úüƻһ󣬼纺壬׼עͬʱҶҲ֪磬δ󶯾ʮѰС
Ҷƴ߶ǧͼʼ׼ڵʱշȥ

ʥ֮УʥǻسڴܿʮλʥϹŶһͬ֡
Ϸʵڣż
ʥɫոյϢ޳šĵĮŵʮ׷ɱҶȡԼ纺
Ŷ
󣬷׷һ
ϴҶȴڷߣȻﳤȥʵɨһ⣬˵֪Ҷȼ˵ʵҲܺڣΪ˱־ͷ֮ĹϵȴշҶȵš
͸Źģ֪ΪŶҪԸҶȵˣ
಻ͬ˵ֽסҪмִţҶ˵õʲô챦ɱ֮Ǻһ󡭡Ҳ˶ŵһţҶȡơ纺ƺȥ죡
죿
ܣܣִУ˲һλˣôܽ죿
󣬶˿Խ졣
óⲻǿѨ磬ǳԻĵĮµǿߣ֣֮˵©죬Ǵľͷźʮ˽Χɱ
治ǿѨ磬ǴһʮһһӰǶԭ򣬲ǵһֻд
·Щš
ǺεԭҶͽнҲǻãǲɣһͷʼ
ʥλǺôˣߵԶģʥǲǿǰǣ
֣ʾʥҪ˵ȥʥʥΪͽϧȥʮ֮𣿡
¼ȷǲò֣һ֣Ǿͳʸ֮ģҪΪУǻûʵǵʥҲδﵽָ߶ȣ
գҲͬˣڣȥ簵пһκϢʱݻʱҲΪҪ㣡
·𿴵óʥ뷨Ҫ£ζĶһ䣬ʥҲ
ɹ
һӡ֮УһϼŮӣϼʼϼɹס
ĸҸϢˣ
ϼʼ׵
ˡ
ʥλĸֶΧռҲûΪһϼʼºʥλĸʵϢʼôԪʲôϢúȥݣܽ죬Ϊеľͷ
˴죬ȻҲõĸ˵Ϣ֮ǰʥһ£ҶǼʮΧɱ˵ǲǺϢ
棡
ʥλĸŭ𣬵ʿĿ֮£ҶȿǽʥĸնɱⲻǹȻһʲôˣĴͷǿߣڶ
Щ޷죬ͲӦǻ뿪ĸղҿȥ紦׷ɱǵһĻϢЩȥ˴죬ҸոմӴǴ
죿ЦֻǵͽλЩȥҲǶλ񣡡
ۣ˵ڴõʲôرϧκδ۵׷ɱ
𣿡
ʥλĸ֪ϼʼ¿ЦҲ¸ȥӡ֤¡
ϼʼһ뿪ˡ
ʼɱ棬ȴ赶ɱˣҵĹߣ
ʥλĸ¶ͫ⣬Լ֮һâּ־㵣Ҵһӡ
һӳ𣺡ĸ»ң
ʥλĸɣϴ粨δƽϢЩŪ
棿Щϱϣʱ֮д·ϾҪʮ֮
ôɣ洫ҲոմӴ⵽׷ɱΪЩϢ֪
죿ͨλ֮Щйϵ֮йϵĻҪʥҪȥΪǣϾǷߣڴ촳һãҲкô
Ϊڴ֪һЩ紵ݶ
紵ݶ⵹йθյ񼣣ں֮ǰ·ǬʳǵΧֹйǬʳõӵѪԤ֮ӣӶƿ񼣣ֻǲ²⣬ûƾʵݣ
ǬʳǣǼŲǬʳйϵ𣿾̫űҲ֧֣
Ǭʳ簵зֵĵϵǸܣڴ֪ܶģЩ꣬뼫ŵάֵһϵ
ˣˣ׷ɱҶȡơ纺ԼΪӴǿߣ᲻Ǭʳǵĸ֣
Ҳ汻˵ˣĸûŪ£ʱҪ֪ϴ¼һֱڻ¾֮ҾƺʲôֵôĦĵطŪ˵
û⣬Ҳסˣ
ʥλĸĿ⣬ͱǿߵ
׼
磬뽣ŽϽһʱ
ҶСϿ׼׼ڵʱգӦ׼ʮôǰշɹ
ʮ伶ȫλ˽λʵϴ󣬰ǵýѪ桢ۻЭǶ֣
֮ҶȡƵһ׼ʮ伶ͷһʵһ˶˽档
֮β׼纺ڷȥһŰΧѾγɣҶͷ²˳٣Ѫһ֮ҪԸʮͷҺնɱ׼
ٺ٣Ѽƻǣ
ЦĲֺΪٴߴԶŸʵһ
Լһʱ֮
׼׷һƬʱգƬʱûнϴͬŵڵʱջࡣ
ҪƬʱա
ͻͻͻ
һ˺ѷ籩ԼɣֱҲʮ޴ͻȻʮǿǰ֮мת·һ½ҲС

ӺҲһ籩籩֮Уֻ籩һһﳤĺɫ򣬸о޴һδ˴򣬸籩ӿ
ԭǣǣ벻ԼҲҪţЩ籩
޽ߣ׼Ϳ˭ڱ󣬶ҵҲʶۡ
ಣ
һʮ䣬һһͬͷǺεȵ׳ۣ
ɲǼ䣬ƬĻǸâԿ籩𶯣Ƭʱմ׷һеȥˡ
˭֪ƬʱտҪΪһƬ档


2361 ֮

һѪ߳һգʱͷŵķ籩ʮ޷ֵ֮ʣѪֳ
ͻأϮ׼δʧȥ侲ѸӦҶȡơ纺ڸɨʮ䣺ͷִܣǳסǣ
˶Ը籩ʹߴˣǿҲڸ;У
ǾͶԸͷ
׼ͻȻһ
ͻ
ǰۿƵķ籩Ȼһ׼һವһӰ١

գۼ䣬֮յһ𵴷籩ϯҶȡơ纺ͬʱ޷վȣŽ籩֡
˾ȻҲбռȻʱ
Ҷǽ籩ռ䣺׼ⲻɣ
ǶҵľȣǴҵⲻֵһᣬ̶ʱ䣬ʵǿ֮࣬治ټȥ
籩ʧ׼ֳ
ֻһУͰ˱ƳգǺεȵʵٶȣ
Ϣ׼ٲȻһЦǸԤ֮ӣ֮һж¼ң
⸱ԣѵϴεĽѵҶơ纺˺һЩ˵׼֪бһʧ㣬㷴ں񼣣һͬʧ㣬ֶأ
Ԥ֮ӣһǲ֪ߵغϣձֽѹӵеһУ

ֻ׼˵֮󣬶ʱΪӰϯɲǼǰĽͬʱҶΧҲӿ
Ը߽λԿռƿԦԼͨں϶ﵽͽλĸ߶ȡ
纣Ը׼һ׼ʱ֧Ԯǣ
ռ䣬޿ӣֻдҶư纺룬һʱһֱ뽣¯֮Уÿһ˿Ҫϡ
үүħ֣
ħȷͨͬ޴󻯵Ĺȣ˫չ֮ʣֱ벱ϵľ˶ը͵ˮƵģԿѪһýľмʡ
žž
֮ɳħ֣ץһĻЩժңٶȺܿˣһδץڽ֮УȻһƬƬץ÷顣
С
ͻȻаƲһҶȣߴ߶СѳץĽƬһһתƣǰ˳֮С
һ׼Ըռ䡣
˺ӣ
׼һԦռ䣬һɶҰ˽λΪȻѹסĽλ񡭡ѵԤ֮ͨʿĲࣿҲͨߣҿʣ
βٳ¡ҽԶ¼ʧȥλʧȥһС
ӡ
ҶƵı뺷ѾԶԶ׼Ԥϣ˭֤ԼͨԼ˫֣׼Ҳǻ־
ھʩչҲ޷ѹһ˫нģֱƵòʧȥԵĵļ֡
ӡ֮׼Ƽʧգۼľͷ
ռ֮УۿҶȡƾҪɱһ·׼ϢȻʧˡ
ͨӦҶȴ󾪣׼ҪѹǣϢѾﵽ£
ɫһѪʱҲʮǿסһܳΪ䣬ȻмֶΣϴҪھɱȥҪ͵ȴնɱЩ䣬һ֮
׼ȻѪ桢۶ԿѾӦ׼Ϣ֮Уһ΢ϢǬ񼣣пǬԸǣ
ֻܴ߶̣ǴԪ
ٵȵȣȻѪڵʵ޷֮ԿԿһʱ䣬ǻ֣ߴ׼ԿҪʱ֮һ޷֧ţߴͷ֣ĿǰһϣǵɹѹأƣȫҴ߶˫㣡
˫㰳ϲϴҵòֻͷųΪĸ߶ȣϴ󾡹ȥã
ƷЦЦָħͷɫüĿʼȼѪâЩâ׷ӿҶΧ
˫㣡
ͨҶȽӡ֮ͷȫõƵںϣɲǼ䣬ﵽ߽λľֳͨ
˫γҶΧγɿµУȻʼŴΧ졣
ֻϢƿֻ֮ˣɲֻ֮ͨںֻ񼣣
ռ䱻׳Ĵ˫㿪ʼƷ˺飬׼ƺӡѾȫ⿪һռ봦
Ǭ
׼һץָһâȻ·˫㵯ȥ
ˡ
âɳ֮󣬾ȻڰջΪ׾޴â䣬ڴ˫֮ϡ
ȡ
ƲµĽ˫֮С
ۡ
ҶƴһѪâɵĽѾͷϷҲϰѴ˫
Ǵﵽµ
\â֮Ĺ
ʵֵסȻ˫㱻飬˾ҪԳԽʵĽ
Ƽæüһâ
ͻͻͻ
µĹˡ
е֮ϴѪڣǽҧȥ

һŴҧסȻһŤâضϡ
ЩǺã˶Ը¼ҵľǬ˫ʥ
׼ɫסԼһͷͷȻԤϵ֣ͬʱ񽣣һץתڰջһߣȻٿһֵ񽣾Ȼһ֮ϣ

ŭУĴֶŭˣҪ֪жǿ󣬶ټԪûܹˣȻһСˣ
ҶƶԼ۾ֹж̣󣬵ȴ˵
ж

\â֮Ĺֳ˫㡣
ٿٿٿ
ȴǶģǵ񽣡

޴֣ԼӲ񽣿⣬ڶԹ״̬е񽣣֮ˣں׼֮¡
ץסᣬҶ纺Ʒɳռ䣬ʱָɣǻûȻӦ˷ʮǿĻԪʼ
գۼ䣬ͼǴӰ˷ΧһҲʶ޳šĵĮǰߣʮǿ߶׼ٻ֧Ԯ
ۡ
һѪնɱһ䣬ͷŤҵڰѶԷѪɣۣҲһץ顣
ʮֻ֣˻Ҷܵˡ
κһ˶һ䣬磬λҪЩͷԶŻѪۣʧ
ϴ󣬰ǱΧˣˣӿʼڣһֱûмɵ֮ɫ쳣˷ܣôˣҪɱã
ҶȿΧʮǿԽԽƣڿɲЦʱ򣬸Ͽ֮УûʲôñõģΧ׼ǽնɱʱǾԲЩΧɱ
΢΢˫ۣ֮Ѱ
ܶ࣬ʱҵһ׿ҵƶɣΪħƺܿջ񣺡Ǻÿˣ


2362 ޵ǿ
ħ
ΪԶŴ֮УΪصĴˣȻӵֶΡ
Ҷڴ֮£ħаЦЦŲæѪֹЩǿ߿Ȼſǰȥ
оɱ
һٶ綹ӵħ⣬Ʈա
һΣǶħоȻһħӰӰԽԽ޴󣬳ӲӵףûʲôֻģһΪǿܡ
ŽλƷʵķ
ƻδҶʧħ
ȻƷʴﵽ£ǵͬòЩһٶֱֳ˷ʼΧɱʮǿɱЩͨʿôħĶ֡
ǳ۷ʱƶɵı
ɱ
纺£Һܿա
ҶȡϷսԶžͷ׼ɱ
\â֮Ĺж췣֮۾ͼʶˣǳĿǰʵǣǷӣ׼ѹ
ʱġ׼ɲöԸ
ӵǬʵǬ˫ʥ׼ʵѾﵽ£ҲǴﵽŽλ۷壬\â֮ۡĹۡѪ浱Ϊǲġ
ߴǹӵ츳ʵǿһĻͷ׼õ֮ӳ֣бʵԶԸָֻ֮£ܽ׼ѹ
׼ֵĿռ䣬ѾȫΪһƬС
ħʮʽ
׼Ǭ˫ʥսò£ƾˣմ߶Ĵͨ
ͻͻͻ
һħĴ֣׼ѹȥ
޳ܣ͵Ϯ
׼޽ߣ˽֣µģΪԸӦκϢҲ˵ֻҪ˷κιǰӦӦ԰취
ⲻͻȻһǬ˫ʥħ֣һһ񽣣Կͷ
ݡ
޽׼մ̳
ӱɣ֪пռ䷽Ϊ̫ˣ·
׼ֱڴʱΪս˫趯Ǭ˫ʥһһʽϵ޷죬Ȼɣκ޽ãͱ飬Ͼʱ׼ʵ泬ԽҶ̫౶
ǵԵҶһжס
ϷһħֲϴҲżˣ׼ԽսԽ£һͬԶʧƵġ
\â֮
ҶȵԶǿ߿ʼ֮ͨУ\һž޴â֮ϵһϨô֮еľ
һǹ
ԭҶ뵽\â֪֮ҶǺεȴڣ˵Ҷȿʼϡ

߳߳߳
ѣ
˫һֵͬ˱仯̴ӿͻȻΧ׼չΪ״ٴܵ׼֮󣬾ȻûϨ𣬶Իâ֮ͨ׼Χռ䲻ϱʯȻ飬žʯ׷׼ȥ
߹Ȼڲͬ
쳣
Ǭ磡
׼Ҳһ˹ͻȻƵҲͷŸͨ˫еǬ˫ʥ趯Χһ֣ߴֵֹסҴǬ˫ʥ֮Ӱ
âӰ֮УΪߣֵƵģһģһ
𽣻֣ӿֲƴĶħʮʽκβ֣ͬҲǡ
ҶһֲǬ˫ʥ˵ԭûƵĴԻʲַ࣬ķΪֲ
һȺ΢ϣǼʶʶ¼ҵǬ޼Ǭ
׼ҲЩߴֵʵγһвеǬ˫ʥ˿̾Ȼںϳһ񽣡
ٿ
һɨ˷׼ķԭתʥƮ
ͻȻʧҶȡͻȻռ䱻һ֮жϡ
Դ
־Ȼ˽֮ɫâ֮뱻и֮ȻʼĴ֮ҡһ䣬Ϊһ޴ʯ¡һٵи֮ǰ
ҶץἱæˣΪ׼Ĺ̫ˡ
䣡
и֮ڻâ֮ʯ֮ϣ޴ʯòϺˡ
ಣ
\ĹĴּæʯ󷽣ڴ˿̳һѪʧֻâ֮ı
â֮ˣͬһ׼ˡ
ǰһۣ׼ˣǬʳ֮Ҳ˵֮֡
˫ʥǰںϣ
׼ɫǬ˫ʥӰУȻ׼֣֪ɱ֣ܳɨȥϰơҶץס
¼ҿ⣿кʸǬ
֮ǰһУһУͷ˵һ׼һһ
ٴαи֮𣬻Ϊɶȥȴ޾ţųսһǿߡ
С
ǳ֮ǰҶиռǰ˫ץ
ۣ
ҶȺ󷽴һâҶͷŵСںһ
۵ǺԶǿߣұóϣһǿޱȣƺܵƣʸסǣкʸ񣿣׼֮ԱǵЦЦ
ˡ
С޽иռ䣬Ҫתƿ

֪ոտƿռ䣬ͬ˵ֱӰСԿռƿأ÷飬ҶȡȻҪܵӰ죬ͬʱ˺ǰ޽и֮˿ûܵСӰ졣
׼״ӵ⡣
СȷһˣôҲ޷ǧ֮һģҶȡʵһﵽȰ˽λıԵ߶ȣﵽµ׼⣿
ݵСұˣ
ٴɱԿ׼Ŀ
֪һ޵˫ĸ߿ֶ
ಣ
գۼ䣬˫δ׷֮ʣиռ䣬еĿʱƾʧʣ´ưˡ
׼˫üΧ˭ͷ¶β뱾ΪУǾΪУ
Է˭׼޽ߣ޷ҲѰҳְǵˡ
ˡ
ҶͷŸӦ֮󣬾ȻƬջ
ҵˣ
׼ͻȻ߿һ̳γɵУ׷׾ȥ
Ҷԣʵǿ󣬵಻ǺܴĹӰ첻Ǻܾˣ
ͻȻӽռɳһץסǽռ䣬ռ侹ǿ֮С

Ŀռͨ
⹥֮Ӱֶһϵ۵ˣʮ꣬üĿ֮УﶯһͬϢ
Ҷȼˣȭߺ޵ǰ

һϻ۵ˣɽķߣȻῴĴڲͬƣ֪Ƿߡ
ҶɲǣͱЦȻӢţ˵һ㶼޵Ĳ


2363 ѹ׼
޵ˣ
󣬲ҶΪʧ
޵ˡ
ϸԪɽĹͥǿߣ޵ϸԪͥΪһɽϸԪĩڷ磬̫ۡ顢໨Ŵ۵Ľѡ
Ҷȣڷɽ粻ãõԽ̫ǰе֮ǰУͬʦ𣡡
޵콵٣Ҷһ߳𾴵ع
ʦʲϧʦ̫Щ꣬Ҳһͬ磬ҶѽҶȣ벻λܴ˴ĺϢܼѣֿʦٴһͬ޵
޵˿Ʒ糾͡
׼˫ͫͻȻɱ⣺ֲϢ֮Уо⣬һΪĸ֡벻Ƿߣֻз߲Զ޷ϴڵɵԪߣǶǷߣ
Ȼ¼ңǲʲô޵˴Ӧ·Ѿ֪׼ûиı˿ɫǷߵʡ
ʲôҼǰʲôǣ
ԶѪˣлļ䣬ΧѪ۴ۡ
һߣͿʼЦ
̫һģǵõ֮ӻ񼣳ϹϵأһȺߣɽµ˰ˣ緢չ
뵱⵽ų⣬ѹձ̫ʱգڼǰ㲻ʲô
䣬Ȼû㣬ȴ˵㣬һȷ԰УǷȴ˶Լ̤ϣҲǰķߣΨΨŵŵ±ѹĺˣ̵ߵķ𣿡
޵Ӽ䣬һЦһ䣬㿴·λߣ㼫޳šĵĮ䣬ʮǿΧɱУǻȻݲȣȻúúõģڸ߿գ㻹ʲôʸҷߣ
ŭ١ߣǽңҼţػɱ̫ʱգǸʥȥҲҪͷһ֮µϣʲôʸ뱾˵
ҷ߲Ҫָֻţ޵Ȼⷬŭ
һ˽λҲӵпռͨ𣿡
׼ͻȻһ

˵־Ͷ֣ת޵ϣȴΧռݺݵصס޵˳ָһ
䣡
׼Χʱұը
\â֮ٻ
ƴһâͰüģͬʱҶȴͨ׼ıըռ֮С
޵ֶ˻ϣҶȣħҪģʩչ֮ǵ֣֮
ģҪҷߣ
׼ռ䣬ħͱһŭȼգӡЩ赲ʮǿߵһٶħȻΪһɾ޴Ŀħ
ɱɱɱɱ񣡡
µĹЦ
ǴﵽµħںΪһǿĿܣȻƷһ
޵˶̲ס㵣Ӻ棺ʲô̫ˣǸõΧЩ֣ǾŽλˣǷһԶԸɱʮʿһף
С⣬С⣬ͷһЩʺˣ
ţ
ٿ
κǿµиռ֮׼ռ䣬һնʱ˶
תգ
޵߳һɽķߣһͬӡ޵˷һâԳơҶȵҲâ֮С
Ҷȣ벻֮еָ߶ȣһֻԼͨƺ˵Ϣ
â˳ں֮޵˿ƣȻǿֲռи֮һ֮С
׼ӲӲ˿»Ҫһ㣬ƿƶԷƣͲһ
СǣҵҪֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
׼ǱٴμŭӶǬ˫ʥһһռи֮
и֮ͬһص˳˸Ƕ
޵Ϊģ֮ӵ˼£ϳҶȵǰһռи֮ŲգǶԸڶи֮ٶ˰ģǰռ䡣
ǵĵи֮ѾҪǰ
Ʋͷ뿪޵ȡǵλã޷׼濹⣺ȥУҶȡħǿкð취ûа취ǾûҪȥֻԼ̶֪¼ҺʱֻǿԮ
Ҷȱȭǰ¼ǲݵĵжԹϵûûңδӴټʮԸǣͲܸһ·Ҫʱ黭һ䣬ѹŮ˵
ǿʲôֶΣ޵Ȼռ֮Ͼʡ
˵֮Ҷȿƣǿǿƣ߶̣ѹ
ӶûţˣϴУеƽƬʱգе˽һʲô䣬жٶģ
Ե쳣㵸
޵ǿףѵ֮
ѹѹ˻ûأ
׼ˣ߶Ǭ˫ʥ
ǰ˺㣬ܵ
Ҷ޵˼æ˺
ᣡ
ƺ޼ɵطѾɱһи֮˳ϾȻһͷŵ֮Ļƽס
žžž
и֮˴ڻƽ֮ϣȻԻƽƺκӰ죬ȻҲûʲô£ɭɭЦݼ׼
ܣʲôﵽµҲҪܵ洫ĲΪû£
׼񽣣ȴȻֹ
ȻǴ̫ྪϲ޵û뵽ֶ˸ЩΪҶȼҪսȥԭ

׼ԤеħĲеǬ˫ʥལ棬ͻȻâ׼Ԧ񽣣ֱգȻһӳϷ
ƨڱǰʲô㲻ϣ
̧ͷɲǣѾһϷȴЦЦһӰͻأǰ

꣡
ڽӲӣӵгħ֮ϣգ۹񽣾Զӽʼ顣
ۣ
ֽ֮ˣҲ֮嶼״̬
׼ŵؿ˫̧ۣͷʱױֲ֡֡Ҫץ㡭̣ۡ㡢㡭֮Уϵ񼣴ߣ
ߣүүԸеĶδʩչ̣벻ԸһŮȴ߯ˣģԺ󰳻ú죡
ƻһ㣬׼˿֮ҲûУͱ֮С
ʱ˿̣ƵüֳֳۣתĲս
ˣ
Ѫ۴ս֮һ֮С
Ҷ޵ҲΧ޵˱̵𺳵˵һѾΧռ䡣
мҷߣҾüš޳šĵĮԼʿԶƬʱգˣǿɲˣֻʱеķ߰ˣ
𣡡
Ρ͸֮ĳƣʼӶ̣ǰʮʿȥ


2364 һ
оʮʿ
ռڵʿ󲿷ֶ֪ռսڱħɱǵҲûǳˡ
ٿ
̻ӳ֮ǰռͻȻһȦ۵ʥħ⣬ħоһֻۡ
ħʱ˷ϯγһħԲȦɲǼϯռ䣬ңԶ
ֻ籩ŰʵȻռָ
һļžʮʿˣʣĻƯһ촷ۣЩ촷ۻ״̬
ܿɳ׷׹ɢʡ
ǲѣһˡ
˳ûκɫ仯֮ΧҶȡ纺޵˶žȣԵʮְ˭Ҳû˵
ôʿƬ̱ɱǿУǸ˿һĻٶЩ
ҶԼ˵ͻȻһյĸоƺ׷ɱ״̬˷׷޷Ϊûв
Լ۶ڳϲˣƬʱգ͸۵ܣ׵־
ЦǺǵ˭ҸүүʲôԺҪǬڵǬʳǸˣ
ߣߣǬ֪ˣ÷裬ȥһԶսʱնܣȷȥٳ
ҺҶȻܱ򾲣ʲôԶϻһֻϻڨڨײеضǡ
ǧͼ߶֮󣬼ƾʧ
ôͻȻôˣ
ѵˣ
ղйɿϯƬʱգʲôˣʮɱ֣
뿪ǿ̣Ҷ߷ֲǶƬʱ֮⣬̫࣬Ϊ׼ٻʮ󶯾ΧΧ֡
ֻ֪ƬʱҲûһˡ
ˣ
Ӱ
ǿ
ո磬սʱϷӰȻƬʱһҪʧУ״ͫһۡ
ǣǣǣԪĩڵ
ˣɹԪһУֻд˲ſԿµԣ緽򣡡
ҪɱĴϢô΢΢һ¼ҵϢǻȥߴ½緢춯ɣ˶˶˷ܣ
ӰȵʧӰ
ӡϢʧˣ
һӰڶ֮ǰӰ뿪֮Ž񷣬дŭ⣺Ƿбӡ޷ץ񼣵Ԥ֮ӣ񼣿108֮Уȵ֮һԶŵĴҲ֮ΪǿĴڣؼ⼸˸ں񼣵СһģȻǲݵĹϵ⼸ȻҲǱĴڣ
Ҫȷд˴ߣҲڵľ棬̫ǲ֮УҲ޷ҵǣĿǽ죬ڵʱգڴ졢ڵʱյǣʱٸǻᣡ
ӰŭȥǬ񼣵ףǬ
ǬһߣӰٶ
ǬһʰδҪ벻Ұ֮ͬʱӵм񼣣
˾˵Ĳɣ⼸λԤ֮һ򵥣ԼɳõԶ񼣿ɱȵģ
Ҳ֪ԴڵԽԽ粻ܼһһ죬һ飬ǽһɱյһԶŴ񣬶ⳡս֮ģ
ûʱ䣿Ǻǣҵ£ȻԪĩڸոյǾͻһʱ䣬ǰξãǵõһ죬͸һ˿ǵΣ
ֻǿʵڼϧǵĴԪѾˣ
һӰһɸߵһͬƽʱգƺڵȴʲô
ߵȥɣǻҪȴʮλ֮ںϣ˳أȻ󴫳ķһǵӪ֮Уһ񼣸գΪ׳֧
ţ
Ӱתһ񷣬ȻȻʧڴâ硣
Ǿɱʱ֮УʿʱգʲôûУˮ֮Уյ½ҲˣȫΪһո컯ɵʱա
޵ˡҶȣǺΪ֮
λӣһۣƺѰ˫ܷͫ𵭵ǹ⡣
Ϊĸ֣ʥ
þӼʧշƺ˫ۣܿ˵Ĵڣһ̾ϢʥϢʧӿɽ˺С
ǲգľͷǣҲ֪ϢһڵҶȵ뿪ӵǣΪǿָʢʱڣʲô£
ʱʱ֮һʱա
ϹԶսʱգӵ֮У֮ҪӦ͸ҲҪĺܴ󹦷
ǳ֮ͻָ֮УҶȡ纺Լ޵˵ӰʼаҶǰʲôв
ս봦ųſһаꡢа׷ױɣǸϳʱա
ɿ޵˿Ҷȣ˵ĴǧͼϸԪȻ˲̫ϤҲռɽƵĴǧͼȻ֮дݺᣡ
ҲǵõǰĴУǰԸҲҪͼΪľռ䷨ֻҪҶȷǾĵط¼꣡
ҶȻش䣬Ѿһռ䡣
ҳɣ
ʱֶۡն졢ˡ̫ۡ顢ͷ˳ڴ֮꣬ʹﵽýʱ
ôϢС
޵˵ɴ۾ֻҶͷŶâУɳķߣӯ̫ۡ顢߾мԪǿֺ߳޵һ۾ϳЩɽʶĹѡ
⾪޵֣
ʦ֣̫ǰ޵ӵһ
ѵǾϸԪ޵ǰ
벻磬ܼɽǰ
󷽴ķҲ޵վ֮УΪϤһɹķǰ
޵Ľ̫ȻҶȱȼǰʦܣԼλѣҲʶѣҺοͬһɽ磬Ǿһˣ֮УҪŽᣬӪһΪȴֻ̫ʱţΪŽᣬϣҽ󶼵ԼǼˣǶӵһƬأ׸
˵ĺã˵ĺã
ʮһߺ
ɲҲŸߺΪҶʷй˽⣬޵˸ֱӴеҪ㣬һͬɽʱĴǨͷֲǵС
ۡ߾ˣ޵˳ĺһķ߿ʼԶս⻷׷ѡͻƣһʱƬռﲻϸ١
һо޵˵Ҷսʱ̾СӣҶԸһˣģܰѴҴϽ磬Ҳ赲סĲˣ㻹Ʋܣܴô˽죿һֱŵǸһˣҿ㣡


2365 ¼ɱ

Ȼ˶֪ĸϧ޵Щˣ飬ǲŷƵıȥ졣
ȻҶȵһν죬Ҳõٵİûз٣ȵҶΪͻƣһʩչߡˮȵֶΣԼ죬ܿԼ
ܡ
Ҷ޵˱ȼƯУǶ֮Ĵڣûߣ֮ȻΪɫĿռͨ
ҶȺȻˣǰ䣬ǰͻȻʵˣ
޵Цʵöлһˣ
һˣ
ʥ
һ£
޵ͻȻƬʱգҶһֱǺ棬޵ͻȻֶеɻ
ڼǰҸոմӼΪңԶƫƧʱлΪҴϢ˵зΪ˽˽λڼҾ͸ϻˣθոջѵϢְеõʥ֪֪ǵĽ͸Ϲˣ
ϲǰΪҲվ۷Ĵڣ
ʲôֵùϲģЩڰԪܴﵽ߶ȣЦ磡
ʥŴΰҡǰһԷ¼ҶԿܿͻᱻ˾֪һ񲻻ȥ鷳
鷳еģɵӣ϶鷳ǰ˵ûйϵһϾǱŪЩ֮ûж˽⣬Ϊҷ֮󣬷ӱϿƷߵãдȴŪȨƣʴ˴ԪʼҾһֱٻصҲͼΰˣǵõǷϢҿҪȵԪ֮ĩﵽŽλŻع飡
ȷʵʧЩѾľѾʧȥߵѪһвģǰΪҲûȼ磬Ĳǣ͸ȥ죬У֮ڴ𣿡
Ҷһ
죿
޵ɫ쳣İΧӿӵȻ෴Ϊû񼣣з߽죬ȥʢʱڣǿ֮ϵĲΪºܶ๦ͣвǿ̤죬˥Ժûзܽ꣬ûԸæЩ֮ܵٴ׳в罨缫ţʥջ̤죬ʱʱһЩͷҲ̤УһмԴԴУ˶У羪ʥλĸµɹʿͿܱʿԴ
ʥλĸʥ˫޹ϵҶȺʵ
ҲǺΪҲЩ֮ᵽʥ뿪ԭҺ㵱ʱȻѡ뿪ػᱻ⵽ʥλĸ㣬֪ǵֶΣǶԸǣҲȫˣ
óǰʥҲǺͬ
Ԫ֮УΪɫԪʹﵽŽλ񾳽磬һ۷壬ͻΪԽĴڣϣܳɹһﵽָ߶ȣӵ֮ͬΪһǿԴߣ죿ھŽλѾһԪˣҪͻƲףҲһӶܣҲһ̾ܳɹ֮ѵûйϵ
ԭˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȶʥҲƬ˽⣬ͻȻһĨϲЦݵǰǰڴ壬Ҳһλǰ
壿޵˺ͷ
໨Ŵۣ
ŴۣҲԪɹ磿
ǰԪԼɹӹ洳Ĵڣ֮󣬾ҵŴԼǰ䣬ϧһֱ޷Ը;Ҳвٻʧ
ҲҼʱ죬ŴţϸԪʶˣϵʱݺ޵УֲųΪѣҾ֪ػ̤磬ڹΣΪȥ˺壿Ϊβ
޵ԵúܼȣԷθ֪໨Ŵ۽
Ҷȵ¾Ͱ໨Ŵں߸޵ˣԼ໨Ŵе
ȻõĴУҷһȻǾţ
޵ۿʪ
˵޵дﵽһԪϵʿӦкǿԿΪ˷
Ϊ޵һʿЩν׳һζеϹŶڴʿ˵ҪǰȥľҪǣ޵ˣȴϧȥӰաϧڡ
ȥڡδҲǵġ
ʿȥĨҲˣֻδΪδڡȥһζ׷󾳽硣
˰һᣬ޵˵ô죿Ū󶯾¼Ҳưڸݣ
һϾ⣬ҶһӦʱһʱ䣬һ˼֪¼ҲŹңҲ֪ǻζԸ޷ڴ壬ףΪǲٿ¼ҴˣҶû·ȴϢ֮Ǿ̤죡
ô˽죿λ֮˺õĹϵ
һǧߣҪ죿
޵˴󺧲ѣҴ󲿷ַ߶ͨʿûʸ̤졣
ǰҪ죬ÿ֮ɫʱҶȵͻȻһȻصơ
Īǡ
޵˾ϲǰ㣬ɳ죿
ɣǰһͬ죬ʱһҪȥһЩѣʱ˶Ҫȥ죬ǶǷߣǿʼ߲ٱڽ£
Ǻǰ˰
޵˵֪˾˵ϢѾԴȲڴôߣΪǿߵһĻ
죡
Ǭʳǣ
ž
ʳǻʹʮ߲ȻŭһλˣȻ׼ĸף߱ȭλǰܴ裬ܴ谡¼ҾȻȻƣ׶ץߣ
˵׶Ѿһλ󣬹ϵʵ
Ǖ׶֪׶ûг£ֻǱѹ˷ŭ̾
־ˣ
Ϸߣʱվ˻ʾ⡣
棡
˼æ룬𾴲ѡ
һ޵ӰϷǬ
¡ɭϵ˵ûκˣκ¼ңξ¼ΪУԱѾ¶ģҪЩնɱĺǣ
䣡˶
ã¼ҹϵۼǿߣжپ;ۼ٣żƻߣ¼ҵƿߣŴ󲿷ָڴѰǼˣŹκ˿طɳǿҪٴ̤죬Ȼ޻أ
ǣ
棬Ǽ˵ΪϾڴ죬ӦӵдƣϣЩĻ˭ڳ
뵽㣬ȥģҿʼжɣڴԴǣ绹ֵģ
ǬӰɭɭ˷Եĺ֮ʧȥ


2366 Ϊʥڤ
Ǭ뿪Ǭʳ֮Ӱ׹µķС
һʧ֮ٴγ֣Ȼǰĸ߿ա
ʮλӰȻòóǶڵȴ񼣳µס
ڵȴ񼣵ӵ߳أΪʮ֮
ĪҪ
һе֮Ǭ𴫵ݶ
Ǭ󷽼λӰеһλӦֵزҲѵҲż
ȻѾżҲûãӰӦ
ˣȻֵ˲ɱҵģȴңõϿɣѾ֪ǵеһˣں֮󣬽ѩ𣿡
Ȼ㣬ҺЩǰնɱңõٵʿԼһ֮Ҳû˿Բ鵽ͷǵᱨ𣬵ôһӺͿˣ
Ϳν⣿
ں񼣵СӣΪ̫ˣҪĶܴ꣬ﵽָ߶ȣֻҪ񼣣ҾлὫնɱ
Ȼ֣֮
ѵһѡ񣿱˵𣬾ǰܴȥڴλŶܴܵӰ죬ˣһݣһ֣Ҳ벻˻֣֮
һ壡Ǭ𰵰ԾҲ⡣
ֵҹݲʣ޺Ʋ㣬ɳɱɱң
Ǭͷҿһʱ䣬СûаԪںϣʵﵽ̶ܸ߳ȣ
Ҿ֮ܲ£˵㲻֪飬Ϊ¼κδۣ׷ɱͨѵֻΪά¼ҵϣ
ңô죿
ʱˣ𰡣㻹ģʲôˣʲôˣ˴˶׵ͿԼȥԸᣬңƲǸã
ǬԷԵüһж
һϣҳΪ֮󣬰к£¼ҡ˭֪ͬˣҵˣԺ¼ҵ£Ȼٲֻ֣һ㣬־£һ鷳ĺãǶ֣һ鷳΢΢Ц
Ҹ㣬Ժҡ¼ʲôʱ򣬶ҪվͬһӪ
Ȼ
֮ú᲻һУ׷ɱСӣӦҲһĴţд˵ĴϢ֣
ˣ㻹޷϶ȥʱ˿ûʣ°Ϣ
ҾͿȷ㣬С˵ȷǴ˵Ĵߣ
˳𣿡
ǰҲ֪񼣵ʱ䣬ԼǬ񼣣һֱдţ˵Ǵ˿Խ˶޷Դµԣڴ˴߻δں֮ǰںϣһٳΪΣ
벻ֵ˴Ĵ㣡
˴˴ߣ֮еһλŮӣӵдĺ֮й˽ɣԶȵĴ֮һ̫֮ڤˣΪʱ䣬һõ˺񼣣ֻΣ
Ĵߣ𰡣Ϊβ˵
̲ס񼣵ĴߣҶǳԽ󲿷񼣵ĴڣӵеĻλҲ᲻һٿ״첻⡣
ʣһСأָ侲ʵ
һƺǸͨʿ˲δʲô׵ĵطǬҡҡͷ
ͻȻ쳣ܣ뺣񼣣һһΣ
ãɽ
ٺ٣Ǻֵܣ
ҪúԸ˵İ취ȻǴ뺣ĴߣһʿԸǣҪɳ֮еľԸǣ
ҵԼΧ꣬ҲҪɳȥѰǣҪһֱȥҲǰ취
û⣡
ʱ˿̣֮ڰζԸҶȵˡ

޵
һϯʰ쵳ȹʮ˲ʱƯš
·ʱշһӰǷȭ˼Ⱦˣ
ҾõȲʲôô׵ȾˣǴ󲻾ߣԷܲ⣬һԷʮ˲
󣬽ʱպ󣬷ʵС׼ã
С׼䲼ּΪʥڤۡһͳΪʮ˲ƿһݣʮףλҪЩôְλ㲻ˣҪ֪ǶС㣬СΪۣѾܲˣ
Ҷԣݲʲô治Ҫҵ˼֪СЩΣ
Σ
ۿͻȻ⣬ĨĨ۽ǵܺȥСһֱΪ磬Ϊȡʱ䣬뾡취ӣЩۡסһƣСҲϲ˶ãΪۣҪʽֿһʱ䣬㲻֪ЩͷͰС㵱еĿܣСܺù𣿡
ԭ۲һֱСҳ˵ҪػС𣿡
۵ȷǰĽС㣬һΪС룬ҲһҪƿأҲˡҪչˣľͷߵһǱͲۣܰС㰵пЩͷѾ御С֪Ѵδ
ٶȿЩ
żܵڤȫɵٶȿʼӿ죬񹬡
񹬡
֮еʥУʮףԼһٶͷ׷࣬۷׷ףڤϷ·ڵȴʲô
ͻȻվڤ״ˣһΪְλ²װɣ㿴֮ˣĸͨʵͨͣʸ
ǰһ˾ǵλ£ǲ̫ˣһϾͷֱһһ͡
λҾǺʥ쿪ʼҾʥڤۣ˾ûʸһδܿλûʸӴԺվ
ŸͷֹڤּʱԷȻȻ
ɲǼ䣬оͷ׷վѰ˵֮ˣǸӦĴڡ
ˣԱߣ
֪Ϸ
ৣ
һٶȻڤԱվһλӣǷɫȻݣǵʥĴڣҲδ˶ʲô
ڴʱ˿̣ˣٶȣѾˡ
ףʸ䲼κηּȻףҲҪңʥڤۣ֪ҪϿ֮пɳһλ֣ʥڤд輸Уʥڤܽұֲ֮أϣĪҪִȥ
ۣףȥĽ·оͷʼԭۡ
𣡡
ھͷ׷׸ߺ
¾Ϊѣ
Ȼ˶ڻԭһ롣
ڤ֮Ҳ
˿ԭ۵УҲ㵣һĻ֪ΪͻȻԺ֮С
ڵһԭԵһͨˣ磬Ҫͱ


2367 ڤ
ڡ
ȥ
ڵʥĵط񹬣һվ׵ߣҪΪһݡͬλߡ
Լ˫ۣ
ʵԭۻ޷ţܾǰˣǵǸڽµϡ
֪ǰӣɱΪԶĴڡ

ǷһϷһƿ߾ͷǰƣһСһδˣ
ͣ½ŲһƳɱգۣǵ񹬣ʵǿҪνֵĻػܵˣǵʥأһ顣
˵ǣ
ԭۣ򵥼֣Ͱչֵ쾡¡
һУ
һָͷһУһУһ֮ûаֹͣĵϷΣ
ԭˬصͷҴӦ㣬ʵҲԸ⵱һֻӣ
룡
룡
ͬʱǰһΧӡһڰѴΧͷҲƻ񹬡
ۣڵһ棬Ҳ֪㻹ǲǵãȥδǶ޷գҪ˵ллЩлչС㣬ԺСһУʥڤػ
ǵÿûʸ񣡡
ৣ
ԭ˵꣬ͬʱһ̤ԭұ͵ػӳȼյָѾΪڰףͬʱұҲΪڰ״̬
ָֻ֮һ㣬ԭ۵ȼָ
˵Ŀ⣬ȼָָϷڤһֱƶ
͡
â
ָȻһ֣ԭȼָģܺڰж޷ָ˵֡
˾Կ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬ֻصԭ㣬Ա˱ȭ
ԭ۵ڣȭһĨ΢Цʥڤۣϲ
ǵףҲ
ڤ׵Ҷ˰ɣԭҵףʵӹɣЩ֮ʵ£λɱ´ķּ𣿡
ʵ֤һС
κ˼ڤʵǰھͷҲ޷ٶʲô׷ʾʥڤۣϲϲ
ʲôҲû˵ֻصڤߣĬ֨ƺ˶ǰ裬ֻеס
һҪ֮оͷ񹬡
񹬴ֻʣڤ·£ڤʵԭʵΣ
ĿƳһ۴ţ͸һĨͣǿԵԣǰκסϹŶѲҵĶ֣С㣬֮ϣںϵԴõ̫ڤе
ڤζӵڵ㣬ʥڤۣ
С㣬ѵõ𰸣ԶңԶںϵεȵزٴν֦磬һңҲԶǱ뱾־ԪѪͬģǵĵԶᶯҡĳЩ˵ҵĵģȱĻҪ̣
Ǻν⣿
ǰȥУҸоѹϵѹǰԼҪܸߣأУð̫Σգһ·ж˳ҵĵıֻУֻػСߣ˶ѣҪǷ棬ߵˣ
ԭҲԼˣȥı𣡡
Թ壬Ҫ˵۹⣬ȥܸӿԼ
Ҳ֪ıǷ˳Ķ򣬸֪Щ֮ϲ˶೤ʱ䣬绹û׼ã硢ɽ硢ҪҵϣȻҲԸ⣬ÿһּҵ˫ִȥҵƣԸĻֻһۣ翪ʼҲִķ棬Ʒ磬еķȴԵвõԤУ磬ͷҲһܱ෴ҵţʲôֻһ˽ӶᣬЩף˭ӵе磡
бҪһٴϽ磡

ڤͻȻȻıߣһжʹҲһнϰɣ
𡭡
ߣ
ǰĴڣҲ񣬼ȻѡߣôĽ٣ս
ȻҲֻȥȴոıһˡ
ʱ˿̣뷲ĸӳʪС
ӷϿշӰӵ֮УҲֶźڰϢӰ
ԷӰһű֮ʴ֮ϣұһˣһλˡ
ӰŤʱźɫֶ
Աλõͳٽܵʹߣһʮ֮һĲףλ׵ĵϹŶڤ
ŵʮףҵŹڤʲôͷĮȻʵ
ڤǵ̫ڤĴڣҲ̫ڤǿս֮һΪΪ²ѫͱ̫ڤʮ˲רŸƿص飬õ꣬õֻأΪҲڵרŵֻأ
پĲףԼԱһߣüֻأ̫ڤȷһֵ𾴵Ĵڣֻأֻдģ㴴Ҳδֻصܣøڤܴ
˵٣֪ͨ󣬲κ˷УǵñڤͿϾһԶŴ񣬹ؼ
̸ǵģֻˣҹܲˣǸ
ΧӰӡ
˴ǰʩ񣺡ڤǰ
ڲ׹£¶һŲ԰׵ֻǱס˫ͫó˫ͫ˸Ѫ⡣
ڤ׵ϷǰǵˣΪйͬĿģӶߵһǾҵѣ
˵ǰѾ簵нʮԪһֱڳﱸԸⳡ٣ϣǰӿ첽Ͻ춯֣棬Ҫֻɽ뷲磬Կٵ
ڤʣ˶λ֮
в˰ɣһڹ򣬱Ͼƻ̫ףһչɱ磡
ñѣѾҡҡ׹֣ҲֵĹӵֵסˣԱλǣ
ڤŭһѪŲ٣ĿռͨϷ޷ʵ㵽ǺηʥѵԶŵĴ񣿡
˵͵λǷ٣ѣЩеҵ٣һЩܣȻǲ֣һһ֮ˣڷٵǵõԶһĴ񴫳УһֱңԶʱǱޣǸӦĽϢ٣죬֮ʶ
˭˵ûǿߣֶΣϷλ룬Ϸĵúϸƻڵԣ͸ʧϷ̫ڤμӶٴչĴսһԶŴսٵǿһδս䣬ڻһϣұǸż
λ룡
ڤ˵꣬׽ӡ֮һŻֳһ̤ͬڰŻ֮С


2368 ׼
磬Զս
ǧڽ֮аУ滹ڲ϶ɽ٣޵ˡֶ̫ۡۡ顢ͷҲ֮С
Ҷ磬ڻָͬʱӦΧһһ
ƣ׼ͽʰҪɱҪ㣬¼ҵĵϵ԰ǶԸǬʣ
ʱ
Ʋ֮УƲʵѶ֮С
̣ռ硣
ߴڹ֮ϣһ
Ϸǰ׼̱ڵϣϵĳħ׼񣬺޲ðѳưƤ
ʲôٿڳ
¶аЦݣ׼Ӷ£˵ŮϻȻе
׼ɱңҲҸ֮ܣ
˵ˣ˵ˣǬ϶֮ˣҲ֮үүǰʲô
֮ҳԤ֮ӣˣҪں񼣲֮죬ԶǸͨ󣬻õںϣΣ
С컹ҧ֣
ʲôħ
ħӵ񼣣Ҳħˣֻ֮󣬳׼°͡
׼ŵû£ſ֣
С첻Ǻ˵ôҲ£ٺ٣ɣǺƺ϶Ҳ㣡
ֻƵָӷ׼ŵҧס˫ⷴưʳָٿǣΪ¼ңмɫĿˣ㰳̣ĽλΪҲܽ˽λܣ
˭Ĺ
ţӴӲ˵ѣǶСˣ㲻ǲǣŵģǴôҸҽֵĻᣬʵҴܣҾͷ㣬Σ
棿ȣ
ħ£˵㻰Ҹʤ㣬Ժǰʵʵʲô˵ʲôҪʲôҪȥҪǶԸǬҲ
ҪӮˣɷߣ
ߣУõں񼣣ȷǬûвʱڷߣػǵһиǬ𣡡
һԼȳ
׷
ɿ֣һӡâ׼ʧ˺Զ
ҵ㣬̿ռ䣬κϢ޷ͷųȥ֪ͨ¼϶ٺ٣ΰɣ
ֺǺǵЦ֮һϢͻȻռ룬׼ڵգγһĽռ䣺ֺ֪Ž׳ĹЩͨʿ߹·ɲģ
½ߣ
˵ˣͷߣ
Ǭ󣡡
óƻδ׼׼ͬӥͷƶĽ˳ơ
ħ֣
˳Ŀ£ƿǼʶģĳ۶ڽɲǣиϸ
ٿ
ﶯֻ˫ۻӶ£Źħץ˳
ȣ
˳Ѹոѹħ飬ɼ׼԰˽λΪȻʵҪһ
޽ߣƣҲҪͷԶŴͨħ壡
׼֣
ǣƿɲ׼һֱȥ·߶ʲôʼߣоһͷվ
˲ﵽɸߣߣϡϴһѪħơ
׼ȴ˿δ仯ĳŵ˵ʲô£ҿ˿Դ߶֮⣬һ
ˣħ壬Զǿļ֮һϹţҲֻС֮ͨȣ
ͨߣ¼ҵϵ¼һƿǬ񼣣ʲôħ塢ͨҲû˵
׼ӿʼڣδŹƵĹʲôħ塢ͨ
Žӡ֮׼ȫȼǰԼʵ˼£Ҳǿ״̬
Ľܹܲҵħ壡
ƾȻûкˣҲûнҲδκηվڿռ֮УϰŽ˳ɱ
ڿԽնɱĽ£بŲӭӽ˳
̣
˳ͬޣڳ֮ϣȻγɰ֮ƣʼơ
ֻǬȻֻǰѳƤˣǳǳѪ۶ѣֻۿʼӣ飬¶ǣҲǽۡ
֪жʹ࣬վҲδһ£ʱ֮󣬳ѱһѪˣʳѪѾӿ
㣡ԭǬ˲佫նɱ׼ڳû֮ǰǷ԰
֪㻹ħרһʩչ¼϶̾ͻӦҵݣ׼ڿҵĲ˰ɣ˵ȷʵеʤ֮䣬Ϊ滹кܴ࣬ȻҲʩչħ壬һ˽λ񣬸޷ʩչžͨ
ಣ
˵꣬ƾ޴ʼʧΪƽģԱһӰӰħǣ
Ҷȴħӿ֣ɨһ׼ƣģ
ٺ٣ϴȵȣ
һ׼ͱһħ
͡
׼ӦһѪ׼ӿ
ҪʲôĵĴʹ׼ʧ֮ѹ
Ҷ򻺻̯ģѪƮ׼ѹȻбĿģǶԸ֮һҪõľѪں޽
׼ҡҡͷҪںϱ޽ѵ֪֮ҲܶʣҼ浱Ҳֻں弫ٵ
֮
ƸֶЦ֮֮ţˣˣΪ¼ΪУǲ֪ߵغ񣿡
ѵ𣿡׼Ȼӵ
Զ˵Ůͷʶ̣֮ǰµĲ˶Ԥ֮ӣҵϴ󣬿ɲͨԤ֮ӣ¼һٸǬҲȲϴ󣬱˵ϴǬҵǰҲڼĴڣ
ںϣ
ȳ˵ҶѾ׼Ѫ֮С
Ϊںֻ˲ˡ
һâҶӿ˫ͫ޵ĹȻͷŸӦȻƬ̾ͽ̿Ӧ׼ǰ׼ĸӦҲϯ
ͻͻ
ɸӦڿռײһ𣬶˫Ӧʼ飬Ҷ׼ͬʱ˺һ
׼ʱЪ˹̾ҵֻң
ļҶ־ֻǺ䣬Ͱںϣ֮Ǭںʵǿʮ
ҶȰдƣҪŪ¼ڴֲԼ棬Ǵۡ񼣵䣬ں޽ߣҪɢеĴƬռ
ٺ٣ϴģԸӰѾоˣЦǺǵĵͷ
Ҷһʧȥ
׼ҶӰһھ֮УʲôҴδ˵˿˲ںʣһںϵ㲻ңҲ಻󣡡
ǸˣɲҪͿ£ú̵ָʵһ㣡
ųƻ֣ʼӿ׼


2369 ռԪ
ں޽֮ҶȳԶսɲǼͷŸӦͰսӦһڵĸӦѾ׼
ۺ
޽˵׼ӦɳҶȲ١
ҶӵԼߣ϶籾ԴںϣۺѾ׼ؼصӦѾﵽ֮ĸ߶ȡ
ӦѾǼ򵥸Ӧںϣ籾Դ־ںϡ
ǰ⴦սвϹǿԼ鱦֮Убڵ꣬鷳ȥһˣЩѰأٷң
ĿǰҶȶԾ£һȥϣں񼣣ξռĴԪƬ
õ޽ߣҪʼѰҸĴԪ֮ˣҲ壬һõĻԪƬ֮в߶ؼա
û⣡
޵˽ӹͼȴ൱𺳣˸ӵսʱգضϹű֮Ҳ޷ȫӦ
ȴҶˡ
ҪȥһˣȻʱҲҪ̤죬ȥǰ취֪ڴԴ
Ҷȡ纺ơ޵ǿҶҲֻа˽޵տ纺뿪սʱա
ˣ
գ纺ҶߣҶͷ޽ԼߡʣӦȻռں֮󣬲ʻϢҶȸӦ֮С
Ż龻γɣԪϢŸӦʼӿ֮У߲ٶȣԼԿռãʵжԿռںϡ
ˡ
֮󣬻龻ֿʼϷ𶯣ԪƬϢϵظ֣Ӧջ龻ֲŰ
벻ԪƬɢص㣬ٶദ
ֹͣӦҶȳ˿еĻԪƬӦˣ绹ʮɢƫƧʱ֮С
ͨ壡
ͨԼԪƬͨȥռɢΧʱյƬȻҶȸ
жǧͼҶ纺ܿԽһʱգԼʮ깦Ѿ뿪磬ͨĽλҲҪһꡣ
Χϡ޴󣬶ЩطҲǺ塢ͳε磬ʿʵ
Ƭ֮£һݱȽϴĻԪƬʮֻмﵽͽλΪǿߣ
һҶȴ纺߳գϷһԪ·
Ӧ֮֮С
ӵУ˵̫ף˺ˮֻһṦˮһʹ·ΧǳأâҪǿ̫ࡣ
λˮ磬ҪƬҲףҪʵͨҪܵѹơ
ˣԪʹ·
ʳǣҶѾӦԪϢٻʩչ֮ʯ֮УԼĵʲУһ⵭âķҶǰ
ָһץ֮ɳһһ״ĻԪƬƬһྐྵһϵġԪ
ƬǴԪ벿֡
֮󣬻ԪƬ໥ںϣǰռƬɶߣɣɻҪಿ֣ҶȹõƬֻдԪĺһ֣ɢ񼣼ٴƬռǼһ֡
治֪Ԫж޴
纺ҶںϻԪüͫ󣺡Ԫǵһε飿
ҲҲֻ֪֮
ǿ飬ǹжྪˣ
Ҷ治ԸȥǺεȳʵе벻ͨԪȻ֧ŴǱʲôƻģԪ飬ǴΪλţ
ʲôˣҶʥر
Ƿ𶯣鷳
һֿϯҶȡ纺뿪ʯˮ磬Χӿһɽƶ
֪
ûȺӦҶȾﶯһգ۵˷ǿߣյûΪҽ
Ƭ̹󣬷ɳˮǰʱշȥ
һ½ɢԪƬֻаƴСȴûбʿ֣ƬҶϢȡߡ
磬Ĺڡ
Ĺ磬һ̫һ񼣳Ϲϵһ̫ʵҪǿһء
ֲñһθӦĻԪƬδһϢԭǱһǿѹ
ͨ崩գĹڴʱУǾ޴½֮ϵĽͨ
ɷ򣡡
ͨǰƳ˫ƣâںϣ֮ͨѽĹڵĵС
һʱʿմһɽƲ룬ϢϵرͨӦ
벻ĹڻһΪﵽŽλľͷ˿ȥ죬ӵдĻҺûԪƬڴϣ
һӦͨ巺΢΢֮ɫȥ
ںһ磬һռ䣬ͨһɽڵĶʱգԪϢɽ֮ϵĹС
ಣ
ǡһԪʼĹڵӣɽɳϧ;Īʧ

֮УԪʼʿױѹ޷֣һ֣ͨͷģǴ֪ϴܡ
סǻĹںεҪǲʵھɱ㣬Ҳû˻ӦκϢҲҲ
ǡǡҵʦ𣬷ǻĹڵĳϣ
ʵʵίһᣬҵõȻһ·ҾҪݣ
󣬱ѹֳˣֻͨɡ
ϹʮɽΧ֮С
ͨʿѯʣʦܣ㲻Ҫȥȡҩ𣿡
ʦܸղͻȻ򣬵ʦָ㣬ȡҩֲżһ̣ͨԵÿʮ㡣
㣬ʦոշԸûҪ±ȥ˼УȻʦܵõʦأȥҲû£ȥɣ
ŵͨ빬
ַͨȻڽ֮УӲڴ֮еĻԪƬ
ϧֻһλ񣬲һҪΪλ
ΪʦҪչأðɣΪʦ㻯㻯㣡
ͨ幪֮ͨ󣬷ӡûԪ߳磬֮ͨУ벻ǰĵӣʵ粻ǻĹ֮ˡ
ͨ岻ϿȻóһ׼õԶһݸ֮ʣֻವһָͨѸײڶ֮ƣסţȻ֮С
·һϢͨ󷽷뿪˻Ĺڡ
ʦͽȻϣʵҪıͷŹǣҲ˽رϢ߻Ĺڰɣ
ʱͨһץͰѷâѾŵò԰ɫͨŹһ·пָһ˾ͱĹʱա
ͨ壬תʧȥ

ռԪƬʮüӿ첽ˣ
ĳһңԶʱգҶֵõһԪƬ纺һ½зɳԪں֮Ԫ߶Ѿﵽʮɸߡ
ͷŵնɱκλ񣬲صһ


2370 ܲ

ĳһʱգһڰ֮С
ˡ
ںڰŤĽУ˫ͫͻȻڶС
Ԫ
źڶг֣¶ģδйֱ飺ԪķӡͻȻô£ôһֱû⣡
˼һ󣬷ٵüŨҵɱ⣺Īں˻ԪܣԪ˻ںϣĽ磬ʱգдԪ
һ벻κںϴԪҲʲôֻǻѻԪˣںϻԪ
ɱ˫ͫӿһڶУΧ׷֮ͫС
֣
һ˴󲽽빬
ڤ̸Σ¡

ڶŭ֮Уɫĵϼһ֪ǱҪ̵Ȼڱǰڳһ߸ϵģҪ֪ݣǳԽģʲôҲֻ̫ڤе񼣣
񼣲Ǳ̫ڤ𣿡
֣ԶŵŶ֪
ΪںϵĴУλǰĹԶŵţойڵ񼣣
ǰ̫ڤܵԶŴų⣬һ֮£Ҫȥޱߵ磬ʱҶЦ벻Ȼѵ񼣴ǿд飬˶ʮ˲ڤǸʱһֱ̫ڤȥϼһﻹԼ̫ڤⲻֻ֪̫ڤѪſںϵԴڤֻ̫ڤһŹ
ŭɶĺһֿ٣˵֣㻹ܶټһЩĸҪʼжְҴæɹ֮󣬱һֱ÷ӵһ磬Ϊ֮Σ
ٱȭźϲѾ粻֮룬ʱϵǿߣƻȻ˳У¾ڴǰףش˳Ϊף
ڰֻûһƲʮԪ׼£԰ջеģֿҪúһ֮
ѣÿ
ֺúϢЩЩƻҪ֣
˶ԷǿͿз֣κμƻ׵֡
뿪󣬷ٵ˫ֳͫ޾ĺڶУ֮ҵӣǿˣ֮ڤЩ˶ҵӣ
񷣬صЦԵһУջǵöУЦǵģһҵڿȡˣ
޵
ôϢͻȻӡ
һӰʮ˲ʱգǻκε޷ĺ޵Ƿ
֮Уʮеܷѽ⡣
ˣ
ӷ֣뿪޵ã֪ΪΣҸӦһɺֵΣϢ޷ӦʲôϢʱֻڵ״̬δﵽʮ֮һֻǶ֣
ҲµĴڣ⻰һţ̫ڤ޵޷κ㣬ǺεȵǿĪӦϢ̫ڤҪǿ󣿡
̫ڤǺǿ󣬿ϧʱʱѾɳ۷״̬ҵӵͨɽ磬ͨ磬ԶĽͨǿ̫ڤҵĶ֣ǼϹ֮񣡡
̫ڤϹ֮񣬲ܴ㣿Ц˰ɣǰǿΪλᱻ𣿡
ΪԶŴս˵ҵıԴ˫սƣʧأǿߺҵǿ߹ҵԼڣҾ͵ڻĽͨһ޷˳̤磬Ҳ޷ˣɽҲñΪսƷ
ԭˣ֣һʱң
û⣬ʮ˲
Ц̫ڤ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ҵĶ֡ǹΣϢдд
ǣôڵڵĵ񹬣ҺõҵıԴҲΪͲˣûڽһʱӦҵϢȻҵϢ类Ƿ֣鷳ˣұöǣУ֮ﵽ۷״̬׹ͨʱգʱҾûҪɵǷֺ
ߵУÿҵ֮У벻ϣҪߵϢ򡭡ʵɲǽְ
벻ϣʮٶµĴڡ
ӡʮٵʼմһݲǰϢѾ׷ӡ
ߣûܸӦĴڡ
֣
ʮ˲
񹬣ոջصʥУɫɻ󣬿ʮٲͬѰı֣һɡ
ף
⣬ūڤ¹ڤڤ֮Уȴַ˼ټ£
С㣡
񣬽Сͷһ磬ڤºͳʱҷϢʧ֮ǰϻغ޵Ϣأ˵ǸӦһвϢ
ʮ٣Ҹδѹвڤ󣬱ȷء
ҲźܻɣС㣬֪ʮٵλģ
֪һ㣬ԶŴս֮һֱڤ֮ս£ֱһҲ֪ʧˣӶĽͨʧ׹Ľ磬ǵ硢ɽ硢һֻͬʮ٣ֹսȥȻʧĽͨԶŴսҲ׽ϹԶŴսǵҵһսĽʱջʱգдԶսʱ
ԭˣ
˼⣬ֻһͿʼӡҪͷŸӦûʲôϢڣͿȷʲôϷŴιƻңβһʲôԹĺĴڣ뱾ƿأ
ãĴڣҸ׻ҪƾãǶԵģڤʼڴջ
ӦʼԵΪģ˷졣
͡
ոոһЩ֪һ޵ĿռѹͻȻѹڷӦǿռ֮ϣ÷һ͵˫ۣǲţȻͷŸӦƿȻϢƻҵĸӦռ䣡
ڵʵѾǿ󣬾Ȼ
ڤҲͷŸӦ
Լڤȴ޷֣ҡҡͷ
һߵζԣҶȲŶˣͬϢƵķʲô
뷲ռ䣬΢΢üͷ߹ȻҶȰҶȣΪڣҼһʱѾһʬв
֣Һõѣ벻˷ͷֱϢҪǱˣҽҪһѪս
˴·
ҲӦڿӵʱգ©ʲôţ뿪ɣǸĮ֪ΣգҲ޾֮ɫ
ε֮ȻЩæ̸Ķ̸ã߰ɣ֮ʧڵ
֮ĸʱգǶ˺κӰ죬뿪֮󣬰ѽ뷲磬ٶȣصҲֻҪ̵ʱ䡣


2371 ٴ̤
磬ңԶʱգ
͡
ʮȥֻҶƯȻ֮У纺Ưڴĺ棬ˮˮ򾫻ϻΪâӿ纺ڣ纺һ̼컯Ϊˮ״̬
һ͵ش纺ڱɲǼʡ֮ȼգһâ¸ͻأʧ
λ纵ʵѾﵽŽλ֮ʵǿģ߶֮ٶȣŽλҲ޷ȼ磡
ԭ纺λ̤λ
纺Ǻûеõ񼣣ʵѾﵽܾ˵ĸ߶ȣһԺĳֻдﵽ۷ľͷ纺Ķ֡
Ҷڰд߶ˮصӾӿ纺Ҫʱ
ҲﵽĽλ۷壬ҪͻλҪԪ̫ϡֶֻ࣬ȥڶʱͻλеĻԪƬѱռҲʱٴδ죡
񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡ֻ񼣡ֻ񼣣֪ΪΣȻӦ̫ʼϢʦϢҲûκ׳֣ൽײںη
ֻȻֻߣȻҶԺиһˣ̫ʼ߻ƿɽࡣ
δں޽ǰԼҶ޷ʩչӦ磬ԼңԶƫƧʱա
ʵں޽ߣĸӦѴﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣѰҴԪ֮УҲڸӦξࡢ̫ʼϢ
ȴ˺ƾʧ̫ˣࡢ̫ʼ־䡣
Ϊﵽλ߽λ࣬δһҪѴʦ϶
ָƽ֮Ҷȼػ纺ͬʱҲԪһںϡ
Ԫ߶ȣѴﵽʮɣֻһֿȥģȱٺܶƬóԪٻһƬɢĽ֮У֮бȻҲлԪƬ
ԪڲռҲ޴󣬼ֱһ޴硣
ĪаԼâӦ顢Щ񣬶޷Ѵʿ֮УˣĴԪռ䣬˵ˣ˶ɡ
˲ʲôһʱգԱԪɣصһ
ںϹУԪǿأҶȳױ𺳣ڲһ󷨡һؿռ䣬ĽһȻװιĺۼ
ǻԪȻ״̬ڲռȷʵ覣κۼڲռоһӣռ֮УоǷռ䣬һ硣
ϧڲռʲôҲûУֻлһûд㣬ɼĴԪѾûԶŵǿ
ʱľͻأôȥˡ
ӦҶѣ뿪Ԫ֮󣬷纺ϢѾﵽ״̬ѽ֮
߶ǧͼ纺硣
Զսʱա
ˣҶ纺Ӹӿռг֣ǰһǧץʱС
仯ܾˡ
ʮȥҶֻ񣬻ǶֶЩԪʼ˵ûжоٻꡢ塢Щ½˵仯Ǿ޴ģǴ²ﵽ񣬻һͿ̤
˾ˣԭкܶ෽ġ
Ƿߣ½;ĥѣٻࡢֹԫˣѪȷĿ顣
ʱǸո̤磬ҶȾ»Ԫֽ֮߼дͻٶҲ
Ҷ޵˵ȴк󣬾Աߡ
ЦǺǵĵϴ󣬺ٺ٣׼ǷˣԪ֮УԪӡǣǶ԰Ϊã
𣿡
׼շˣҶȻе㲻š

Ƶش߶һâȻϤ׼ֶһ˲ǸĿ˵ģɫȻֻٴɱ
׼׵һǶԸ¼ңԼң
Ҷüͷ˳ƣʣңǸ棿¼ҵʲôϵ
Ӧ뵽㣬¼֣֣һңΪҵλѣĵӵߣҲӵʴЩԪҡ¼ҶǴϹͷŽĹϵ
׼ʲôӦˣǵĵˣǴӲĴͬˡˣҪ죬ξͿα֣
һᾡȫǣ¼׷ɱ
ϣ˵㻰ĪҪ˵һףһףûкô֪׷¼Ϊֻ֮ҪúǺԼӪһԱҾͿԸ㱣֤ɱ¼棬Ǭ񼣵ף
ɱ棿
Ҷⷬ׼ղŻһȫĵģڳĬˣԥˡ
ǬϾ棬ҲһУֱƿأҪţͱ˺
Ҷֵ֪ҵں޽Ҳں¼ҸȻֽ֣һ֣㲻ǺɱǬҾǬ񼣵ˣڶ֣ǺԸǬһȫں񼣣Ϊµ֮
ڨڨ׼ٺ٣ϴ˼ûһ֣˵Ǭ϶Ǹ¼һͬ㻹¼ңǬһˣȴԾ¼ңҲԳΪ֮ǲȥɱǬ϶ģɱǶֻ֣ҪǱɣ
ֻҪһܷŹ¼ң
׼ʯĳںʱǹغ¼ҵ뵱¼һӡ
˵˵һ˵ҪɱǬ𣬾Ҫȥɱ˵Ҫõ񼣣Ҫõ񼣣Ҷ׵
ãҴӦ㣬ϣŵԣ
׼ЭЭΪԼΪ塣
һܻһ˵ֵãֵ̫á
׼侲֮ٴν죬ҼΪǹͬĵˣǵҲͱǻϤҪеʱգ
¼Һпܣϴõ񼣣ȻᵱͷȻҲŹǣŹ磡
ˣ֮ܵסǵĲ𣿡
֮򣡡
˵Ϊڴ첼޵ǲҪ棬Ǵӷ硢ɽ硢ٵ磬ٵǿУٵѣһˣ
˵ĺã
޵ͻȻҶⷬƵĴһǷߣҪ˲£
ǰҲҪ׼ãǵĶֲ򵥣ҺڰӵһƣʵѾһƻֻҪռƻ£δ֮Կ
Ҷӭ޵¡
һͬƻ޵ΪǰǾ۵㣬ԴҰܴ
Ϣ֮ҶȾͷŽз߰Ȼơ纺޵˷졣
Ҫ֮ΪУ
ÿ˵϶һ㣬жҲЩ꣬ϾԷ֮żâ磬ܿͰٶ롣


2372 ڶλ
˲ţ⣬ڶλԿԼ
âǰ޵˼ҶڽӡͫǺ档
ʵ𣬻˿죬Ƕ̾磡
𣿵Ҷ뵽һˡ
٣һͻأΪָΪεҪ죿
壿壿
ӷٵʵܰѿǲܵģҶִҲȲϿ壬ȴڣ壿
˵ȥ˭ţ
Ҳ֪޸ŷ٣ɳεȸ߶ȡϧ޷Ӧ޵ϢҡҡͷЩˣס֮󣬿ʼ߶ɷ򣬺ܿʹâ硣
ˮݡ
޵˼ˮݣ֪Ϊû֮ɣ޷ˣʵʷͳ֪
֮ǰ׼ߣ˵Щ㣡
죬Ҷת纺ơ޵ˣҲ˵мƻ𣿡
ϴ֮ǰҾ㣬֪ܲ£˵в˵ĵ֪Ҷȵ뷨Ӻ
ƻģȻ׼¼ں񼣵ͶǾͽƾͼƣ
ôƾͼƷ
һʩչͨ壬ǵȥ¼ҡҲõĸͨͨߣǼʱں񼣣ֱ񼣣һΪȡʱ䣬ҲΪȡʱ䣬ֻҪں񼣣ǾͳɹˣҪڴԸǣ򵥣
ϴ󡭡еðհɣһ׷ɱ
ǰһ֮Գô죿
纣֮ˣҲֻܴ߶ǴԪԸǣֻ֣Ҫں񼣣Ϊ֮󣬼ʱҾˣдԪǼ֮Ҳ˲ңҲǲ²⣬ݣҶְɣ
ȷðգҶȣ
޵꣬ΪҶһѺȻҶȿʼ͸һɺأС̺ĸоҪԸ֣
ȷǲܵ¡
ǰһ·ӷжǴ죡
Ҷοؿ޵ˣůͣ죬۷壬ұҪȥңǣǾͳɲ˴һ룬˵ûжԿܣ¼ҡҿ϶ҲģȥǣȻκλɣĿǰ֮ǲ֪Ҿǹ֮Ĵߣֻںõĵƣݶ¶ƻҲȫûпеıҪ
ͻȻЦϴκ뷨֧㣬ȻˣǾôɣ֪ϴ
纺ҲȻס
ûͺã
óˮʼˮںϡ
Լ㹦һâˣѹȫһ۵Ľӭ
죡
޵˼˫ۣӲӵ磬ӿȵݣΪԽΪĿꡣ
죬Ҳ֮ͷ

ǿµѹȣ޵ѪҶͷŽ磬Ѹѹںϣ޵סΡ
ٴνӡ֮зӿ硣
һϤףһλλˡѡֵܣҶкƽ޵񣺡ǰΪߣ뿪ϣǣǴ׶磬ͨ£ҿԷУȰ鷳ٻ
޵ҡҡͷҾӦһ֮
ǰﱣˣǾǶİǰҲУȡӰ˽λ̤Žλ񣬵ʱǰʵȻлӵп֮ʵʥҲĶ֣ǰÿ˶Ҷȵˡѡֵܣÿ˶ҶǺģ
ȻˡǷİɣһᾡԼŬ
գ޵˻ǱҶϵĿӰ졣
ߣ
󷨿ӡ޵ˣҶȲ纺ƷƯա
ƺѾʱѾԽԻ͵ʱ
ӰԶȥƺ޵˿ʿɽ龰
ͻͻͻ
֮Ҷȡ纺ʵ֮ǰҪǿ󣬿ȻҪܵƬ׹в
ʱʱдƬУҲûˡ
ٸӦϢ
ҪߴʱգܻԼ¼ҡҸ֣Ҷ纺ƴһ֮߶龻֡
һͬӦ񼣵Ϣ
ˡ
֮Ҷȵһ¶Цݣ񼣣ڸӦ񼣵ķλ̫ңԶûʱˣ
񼣣ҶڸӦˣҲ죬ʸȥ񼣣ܹ񼣵ĴС
ˡ
纺һȻϲ񷣺Ӧˣ
ϴҲӦ񼣵Ϣ֮Ҳ˫ۡ
ͨ壡
ҶȽӡ֮ͨ
ͬʱ纺ҲһҶȱ
ƶϴҪСģ޷ӦĻȻ磬Ͳ֮׷ɱȥ
ģǳɣ
ҶһЦ
Сģ
֮ǰ纺Ҷ룬һͨǰһͨǰ
Ҷûȥҹ񼣣Ƿ񼣾ʱգȴͨںϣ¼ҡҸ
ʱ䲻ʧ
һƬĴʱա
һúƿؽ磬Ҫγ©涨ҵȣ
Ȼһ͹Ļɽ
ɽǰȥģһۡ
108֮Уǰ漸֮һ񼣡
ɽΧûκζһ֮УʮǿߣǴӦ
ߣһϢޣ֪ΪﵽزʮҲǸ߽λ
ʹһֹԱīߵ񼣵ĴߣǲǴӦò³Ǵ֮кЩѺܶ඼ʴˣ
ҲصǬ񼣣û취ǱҪЩץס񼣵Ĵߣ
߿ݲһ㣬Щֶ¼ҡҵĸ߲㣬ǰ
ˣūѾӦ񼣵Ϣ
ɽԶķʱУͨƲϿţʱƵü˸Ѫ⣬пԼѪӰ
࣬ˣ
üĵѪ⣬Խǿҡ
֮һƬ̵Ĵ½ˣȻɽ
ˣнϢѪ
¼ҡҵĸ֣
ЦЦͨͷһˣ
û£
֮ͨ󣬴ųʼ½
ѪֵˣֻҪں񼣣ʲôǬ񼣡񼣣ǬУ񼣾Ͳʲôˣ
ʱΰ϶ͷŤҲ׼ãⷢϴͨ壡
Ҳʼ׼һ⣬Ҫͷߴ֣ɱһ
֮ͨƵʼɽԶԶǵֿۣͨΧʲôҲûеգӦ磿סң

ˣ
֪ǽ̫ͨ岻СģڿͻȻʲôأɽڵգһϵĻ硣


2373 ͷ
ˣˣ
Ļӿ֣ɽǰɳʮ֣ɽҲɳʮ֣Ǹ߽λ
¼ҡҸֶˣ
ƣ
ʮ֣ȫǸ߽λ
ˣв˿֮ǿߣ֮Уʵ֪ѾǾͷڡ
ͨƷתߣĻ絲סͨ߶ɷǿаĻɳһ󶴣ߡ
ܲˣ
ٶڴ֮УѾﵽλ£ܵ취ѹȣٶȽʮһȺ֣γһŴ
ͨȻûдǧͼҶںж꣬ҲںһЩߡߡ޽ߵߣʵͨ壬ҲӵҶȵﲻҶȵĸ߶ȣҲǳܱȵġ
֮У־磬˭赲ߵ־
ڤڤ֮УҶȴӷ磬ΪǿߣŬֲϵ߷ֲϵ
үүģҪں񼣣˵
һеĳƣͨ屻׷ɱвζǿϹŶ
ȻħȴӲмԱԼ֣߳ЩеߣΪĿĲֶΣһħͷ
ǿգͨ׷ɱȥΧһˣҽҲܿʧȷϲκһԾ
ɽһ裬ƯϿգǰüһħ⡣
ֶ
ٿ
۱֮ϯڿͻķϵĻɽ񼣱㡣
һЩϴ󡭡Ѫ棬ߴȥϴȷϴûٻ
ɽ񼣱㣬𽥵룬·һѪɫľ޴۳֮УԽǿң𽥳һС
ಣ
\â֮ۡĹԼѪߴԶŸ֣ɲƾ֡
ѱâһڰ񼣣ֻתҽ񼣣̽᳹ͷţʵҲָ۷壬ȥϴ󣬲ʧκʧҲˣ
ǣ
ߴ𽥻Ϊ̬ͨҲʮɸߴƹ֮ߴͨ׷ȥ
ˣ
һޡ֮ͬдݶоŸѡ
ЦͯӣĪѶŪ̫ˣڿ񼣶ѹ񼣸յĶȱںϣͷţ

âͻȻһλͯӣҲʮꡣ
ͯӵüԼ˫۶ǱɫüĵıۣͨԲΣԲΣһ仨״ƵԲͬ
ӭ˻ؼң
ͯһâ޷Կ֮УͯҲ֮һͬʧ
һʱա
ҪСģ
Ƭʱյķ泾ȻɫģɫɳƯգƬնɫ
ɫƬ룬Ȼվһɫʯ
ʯһǷĳ뺣֮ࡣ
ɫʱղԶ纺ͨӦǰ֪ǿоʯ񸽽ͨȻ纺ǰ
纺ճȴţҲΪͨһѺ֪ǰͨ廹ȻС
¡
һṦ򣬷泾ͻȻһɾ޴·ƶʮӰ֮С
ʱһըӰӽһɱӣٶʱշȥʮҲ׷ᡣ
纺ɫ룬ǰɸߵĹʯӿȼյâ֮Ҳ˲纺ӡ֮һâʯںһ
ʯںâǺķ濪ʼ䣬Ȼ˾ɫâ
зƬһɶ֮һŮʯڷ֮УʯֱΪ纺̶ɣΪͷŶ纺һģһˣǵҲ뺣֮ͬ
ͻȻȥ˲ӾϵĴʯ񷴶纺Ӱӡ
㣬ˣõʮԪ
ʯδ֣ʯһĵ׹һۺɫ㡣
纺ϿʯһλŮľϲ֮Ȼ׹ͻȻ룬㾹Ȼ˹ҲжԳȴɫǷۺɫ
ӵ޳ϰȴģһСɵĹ
纺ɾ㵱仯ϲЦݣǡŮã
Ѿںϴ󲿷ִУϵã㣬ӭؼңŮĴųǣ纺񼣡
ãѹ񼣸յĶΪ֮ı񼣣Ƚ㳹ںٰ֮Ѹ֮ںϣ
Ҫı㣿񼣵ףôĵӣ
ԼǬ񼣵ף
㲻õģ񼣵ףڽǰҴ˵Σôѵͽѵ
Ϊ˽һˣһͬں񼣵Ļλֿѣ֮ǰãδںʱǣ±
ģԺȽںϣȥѵ֮
Ů纺񼣣񼣲ŷʯڲȫǺˮڲ΢΢ĸ
ˡ
˽뺣񼣣һ֡
̫ˣ
ʱգҶȣͬʱں纺ƴ֪ǳɹ֮Уһ˶Լ֮Уκεġ
׷ᰡѪȸҲǰҪЩ˺úó󣡡
ͨ崫ҶȿʼӡƬƯƬʱ֮Уʼ󷨡
ܿҶȾƾʧߵѾƴƬ
һȾǧ꣡
ಣ
ռͬʱӰһͨ纺һͨųƵ
׷ܸˣ
ԽԽѼͨ嶼ĵܾ˵Ǻ׷ɱʮ֣˫аˣЩ˿ɶǾ֡
ֻӵĻ˦ǣֻΪǿɱǸֲܳߣպߴ־ں󷽣һͬԸЩˣȫնɱã
֮УҶ˫ֺʮӴǿڵ׷ɱ
ಣ
ͨڷƬʱգһͱҶȴ߶СŲǰ˲ͨںϣҲѳơ纺ġ
ͬʱһٶ˾׷ɱ׷׶Ƭʱա
ߣᣡ
˫ͻȻֿ͵ںһ𣬱ֻзʱգͻȻӿķƬʱÿһǷ㡣
ͻͻͻ
ɳںһ𣬻Ϊɽơȭͷͬʱʱ
䣡
ڲʱҲ֪Ǻεȳֻը

ǿ߾ųǵȴǵ𡢷ʵʹиֺʱնǡ
̫ףռںϣԼĹȡ
ЩֻɱʮˡӸù󷨰룡
Ĺʼˡ
ҶȽӡ֮·һƬʱվȻʼֳת״̬÷ʵʴ˫ݺᣬ췭ظ
ܿʱնΪ״̬Ҫ֪󷨣Ҷ׼ǧ֮ã֪ƵҲ̫ˣϸԼҶʵѾﵽ߽λ˽λ¡


2374 ӡ
ƬʱնΪ޴з磬ʡͨͨҶƣߡ޽ߡߡֻĴʵԼ֮·󷨣ΪҶʷɵǿ󷨡
ǿռ䣬Ǵﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ִԸһ˽λǿ㹻ˣǶԸһٶǿߡ
ԼĽҶȷĸе㣬Ѿоڲǿ߲ϰѴռ飬޵ϣᣬҲ޷նɱǣֻӰ˵ǡ
ͻͻͻ
һʸΪɫڲ̴򣬳ɣһɾƺڼʸ󷽿ʼʸѴп
л𣡡
ֲ
ʸ׾ͰѴ̴Կܴﲻ˽λ񣬵γɵת԰κǿĹĥһ֡
Ȼʸδĥǻʸߣʵͳ󷨵
ܱʸƻ󷨣ڲϰٸǾ޷ƿء
ȻǻϵͨȻûϵԸ
ͷŻϷɷƣΪһŴ͵ҧסʸȻʼջʸ
ԻͨȻãʸɻҲƻ
ݡ
ڲҲҶͨסɲǼ䣬һ⽣Ӵд̳ͬʸҪѴ
ҿɲ⣬Ȼ޷Ըǣ˿Խ飡
ԸʸѾܲף˭֪һ⽣ɱŽλҪɱǴҶʵ޷뽣Կ
ڿƻʸûԸ⽣
΢΢֮ԱͻȻӿӰ
ͷѪ棬\â֮ۡĹԶŸ֡
̻ع񼣣нʧڲܵκƣҵ
һùȷɳĹ
ĹԶһĹǾ޴֮ϣɴں϶ɣĹԴȫǸͷ­Χɡ
ѹƻʸҰնĻںϣΪԼĹҶ¶Цݣߴ֮ǰȫһһأʵӦôﵽǰ۷壬̫ˣ¼ҡĸ֣вҲ񼣵ǿߣҲֻĹ񼣵ǿߣԶԸǣ
ҵ˵ǲ
ѪַҶ
ƿս
Ĺ󷨸߿գ⽣󷨣Ĺʮһ´ڵɣָ⽣һץһѪĹ˳⽣֮ϡ

⽣ͷߣҲһ֮еǿߣײ֮⽣ȻѹƹĹŭһ𣬹ǿа⽣ϳء
޽ѵͬʱռ䶼ڲɼĹ⽣ж
Ĺץסǹʣ˳ǻʸ֮ϣѼʸûΪǣҶȹʵˣնɱǣסǣ
ɱ
»Ҷסˡ
ɱҪɱһٶǿߣлмߴһǬ񼣵ľͷдסǣߴҲ⻢񣬿ҪնɱԷȻҪشۡ
ܾ˵ķʽҶȴѡġ

ףã񼣵ҪǿߣҪս֮У
ɱҲУҲУѡҲ޷˦Щǿߡ
һʺţҶԼߴԺ֣ҪɱĻտնɱˣҪҲסַʽԼһ
λǰ鷳Ҵ߶ͨҪסǣҲҪ׷ɱǣ
˫ͫ۾⣬ҶһӣߴϿգڲֻڲϹ⿴û£ڲѾɱΧ󷨿ռ䣬ɱ
ûнλĻͽǵһã
ԭҪһٶֵ
һô뷨Լٶ°֣Լ񼣽ٵľͷ벻ǵĶ˿¡
б䣡
ѾԼͷųŴ߶ԼߣƬռ䣬֮ҪѴߡ
ߵ߶֮󣬽ߴɲǼ䣬ѾϢڲʧʱգȻתٶȿʼʮҶüЩɱΧ󷨿ռǿߣֱͨ롣
Ѿʮˣʣ°˶߽λΪ
ɷ򣡡
˫ưڴϿս֮ϣͷɷͬʱ֮ڲռʼ˫֮С
ͨգûκˣϢڵ˷£յ˵
ҶȴΪʿǴͨǵԼȻռһǿ߷ʧΪ󷨶Կĵġ

˫ӿҶһ졣
¯
ʵҶȶԣһѴﵽĽλ״̬Ҫ¯֮С
ˣˣ
ⷽʱռΪңԶգһӼٶһԴɫǷѪɣӺһɫӿȥǿ
Ӵʮ꣬ǰ˫ü𣺡ӦϢӦþǰ֪Ǻ˻ӵҷҷԶ½ʱеĺ᣿
ǿҺ棬ǶԴ˴ٶȸ졣
ʮ
֮ϣҶ˵ľը֪նٵ϶ԸãԴ־Ӷʵ
ǵ̫ˣ󷨶ĵģ
ѵǵ
¶ˣ滹һǿǲ߶ֶΣҪեɶ
ֶ𣿺ã
󷨿ռǿ֮Ҷһ
ãԷˡ
ͷҶȴвյƺܾˣ԰ǿ˵û̫á
ӡ
һŭ𣬴ҶȵĶ
֪ҶԶߴߣλڲڴ߶ӡǺεͨ
ӡãѪӦϾһݾš
䣡
Ҷ˷Ӧһ˺ѵѸײڶ֮ƴڲоĥƶӴڲֱҪκصʣҪ顣
ˣӡǳԷȻʩչǱ뽫֮𣡡
ѪߴֲҶϣ׷ֶ
֪һɽӰȻײ󷨽磬ͻأֶɽȻӰڱʵڲҲʮǿߣȼ
ɽһҶȾ͸оϢ
ⲻͨ˲ͽ顣
񼣵ǿߣǾȻ⶯òӡǵóѣ
ĹâžɽҲͬʱҪֶԸǰֱײɽ


2375 ǿ߷
⵽Ǻε
ӡ
䣡
\â֮ۡĹѪߴֵͬʱײɽ
޴ײߴֶһͬˣɽ֮ʮǿߣ񼣻ҵĸ֣߶ɽȻܿߴ֡
ɽ֮лҸУҶȸӦֻ쳣ǿߴֿԿ⣬ʮȻǸ߽λ񣬿ɸû˿ߴͷֵĿܣںտѪ
Ҳ͵񼣽ٵǿߣѪ˽֣ʵߴߵľ£߶ɽȻߴߡ
ǻһʵ
žžž
ߴͬʱɽ\ͷž޴ḷ̌һ֣â֮ʼ͸ųϢ¶ɫʯƤɽ³һȼʯ˴򣬾籩ĹϵĹΪУɽͷŴ𣬰ɽѪڣҲһͬҧɽѪͷž޴Ѫӡɽ֮ϡ
ɽ޷ǰ֣֮еߴߣһĻǿҶЩţߴÿһսֲ̫ǻʮϴ߶ɽߴ߿⣬ǲӡǺεȴͨ
񼣣Ǭ
֪һɿֲѴ򳹵׻顣
βɽһ޴
ϵĵһֱڷ紫ȥ
Ҳɾ޴󣬶ھ룬ʮ¼ҵǿߣһͷȫ֮󣬹ɱ
ˣСģ
۵糸䣬ѪҶǰͬʱ߶ǿâ
ͼڡ
Ҷͷ֮Уڹ磬׼Ưš
ҶȵҶȿڣ׵̬¼ҵǬ񼣣
׼˿ʼж֮ǰƾͽҶȣΪ׼ҶȶԸ¼ҡҵǿߣϾ˽塣
ʱ˿̣׼ֵҲֳܵ¼ҵ񼣣һ޴ǬǬƾҲǾӣ108񼣴󲿷ֶɽΣֻһЩ񼣣вͬΣ񼣾ģ
ӡǺεȴͨ
ѵ㲻֪
ȻԤ֮ӣɶ񼣻һ֪⣡
ⲻӡ֮Ϊӣֲ֮ǿ֮У񼣵Ȼ񼣣ҲױȣҲӡ˶Եõģ¼ңֻ¼峤ʸӵУҵĸĸûʸҪ壬̫ˣ
ⲻ㵣ġ
䣡
û˵ıը඼˶
ѪӿһѣΣ͵ȥֻͫ𺳡
Ѫ桢ǿǬ˾𲻶Ϻˣ֮޷ǿѹǾ޴Ǭ
Ѫ棡
һĻҶҲ޲ߣ岻ֻ֣ߴѡˣսȥܾˡ
֪һգһۺѹȶ
Ҷɫһǧǵˣ˭
ǡ
Ѫף󷽳һӣ֮ǰдӣϧѾʧ
棡ۼӣϲ
Ǭ֮УΪ׵Իҡ¼ҵľͷɲӺӣ棿ĸ𣿡
ۣһ֮񼣡Ǭ񼣣񼣵ĸ֣ΪҪ״߶ӡ
ӡ桱˵ѡѪһɲҶвʱɢȥ
ꡭ
һչȼյΪһֻȼյĻˣһͬâ޼᲻ݵǬ
𣡷ǿߣ
ȼ֣Ҷȴо㵡
ԭǷǿߡ
ӵõ𴫳кҶһֱҪ壬ҵˣǷһֱû
벻Σ£ǿ߷
ףĪ֮ǰ߶ǻʸʱӦ˷Ÿģ
Ǭ֮У¼ҵߣŭѣ֣¼ûκζԵ֮£ϣ֣
˵ʲôҷ񼣵ףԶŹϵ壬ǿߣǾ߶ӡҾҲ˵ùȥ
ǿƺȵһλֱӵĺӡ
Ѫ֣ټԪʵѾԶǣ첻ɵʱϣǰӡ飡

ҶͻȻʩȥֻܾ˵ķݣ֪ǰǷܽʱƬʱգʱܹһѣ
󱲣˭ʵ
ɭɭ˵λ֮Ҳйϵ֮ˣǷ嵱ԶΪףǷ֮ȫλˣϧκδۣ
𣿡治ѡ
ͣ
֪Ҷһ
ǡԭں
һߴŪ׷Ϊγֵԭ򣬷澪ϲĴһ䣬Ǭһɽ\Ĵ
Сģ
ͻȻӡվȻһĻĻȼյգ۾ͰɽǬǡ
ಣ
һͷΪһͷɾ޴ĺɫˣһݰҶߴ֣͵˴ֻգ۹򣬷ֻһӰ˾Ͳټ
ķΪγ
֮һӳ֣һͼƳһ֮ԱһߣȻǻҵĸ֡
ͬʱ磬һץ𻺻رֻɽǬѾûиղǰǿʢ
ܲˣ
¼ҡҵֲͬĴڣܿ𳹵ƿŰ׷ȥ
ԶʱС
ת󷽣üͷһ壺ôô׷Īֽٺǿߣ
֣ˣ˵޹أǲܰѪ֮м˵
ҡҡͷȻйϵλ˵õҷȻҷϵĵĴڣҲܼȣ
ǰмѣȥݱһҵɱ¾ĿǰûбҪȻҪƣ԰粨ʱ⣡Ҷ߳ʩ
˵
ƻܼ򵥣ҡ¼ҵɱ֣ʵȡ뺣񼣵Ĵߣõ񼣣նɱԤ֮ӣʩչıλԤ֮Ϣɱ֣ѽںϣָ֪ЩΪλһ׷ɱֻҪǰ˵ϢѪǰȥ񼣣λǰ˳񼣣Ҳ޿κˣһȥԼ£Ҳ˦׷ɱ
ԭͷƻ֮У
޵ˬͷæҰˣǻΣõİ취Ŀǰַȷʵʱ򣡡
лǰ˵
Ҷ̯ģԼ纺Ƶ
ִ߶ǧͼȷ߶ݣҶȾϢ뿪ݡ
ǰ
벻Ҷ뿪ƿأ󷽴Ҷ֮󣬷ߴѾʧȥ


2376 
ಣ
κ
Իҡ¼ͷ֮ǰĸŷȥʱգ׷ɱȥ
һУһ˫۾С
ڿȥ񼣣ҡ¼ңҶں񼣣ˣ
ֵľͷػᾡȫߴߣԼϢ񼣡
ҲǷ·һ顣
ٵһʱշȥȥ񼣻Ҫܳһʱ䣬¼ҡֻ֪񼣼գԴҲ뵽Զǿ񼣣ִ졣
Ҫ𣿡
һǬͼ۵ӣӴΪһӰʹԽƬʱա
ٶԶԶ档
ⲻǱ𣬶һ
ǽ񼣣֮еıͯӣʵǿĺܣ뱾˶٣ѣ֣
ٶԽԽˣǰͻȻƯʬ壬ȻʬԽԽ࣬Իҡ¼ҵǿߡ
ɱԽԽأһֺ޲ó˵ĸо
䡭
ʱͻأһ䱬ըγɵĢ⡣
ӽӡ֮ٶһٿһ£ƬʱգǱը˺գֻΧֶ˼ʬ壬ǰӰնɱ໥ɱʱһǾܿ񼣣
벻Ϊ֮˲ݣǬ񼣵ӵߣһһ
Ӷ֣Χռ䴫һЦ
䲻ĺȵ⣺ͯӣȻˣܣǼ˻δ񼣣ûл񼣵ǲѵģ
ԵЦȻֻ񼣵ػߣʱ䣬Ǭ񼣻Ҫ磬еǲ֪ģȻҴҵ⣿ʵ㣬ͽ֮УһĻֻһϷˣһ֮ȴϷˣӦΪ˶еΣ뿪ѵҪ뱾֣֮Ҫ뱾ֵĻӦռ˼Ϸ磡
ͯӣããɽˮתһһ֪
ǬЭˣӡܿʮ¼ҡҸǱֻմͷȻǿ˺ۡ
ˣ
¼Ҹһһ¹
ˣ
ҸҲεع¡
Ŀǰһ䣬뿪˵
Ǭһڳʧ
һ֮󣬷룬ʮǿǬֶɵǻδԤʾΣգǬһݣɨʮ֡
ͣ
Ѫһϱֻһ˲䣬һ׷׵ȥһغֻͷǿš
ŵò϶£Χʬ壬ڷë
ǬӸ£ȵǰ²СǶԸˣǻʲôãȻǻҵˣڱǰһҪܳͷ
Ҿͷͷˡ޺ҪǷͷ·ɱǶ˶ܽߴնɱ
Ѫ桢Ĺǵ˵ĴڣˣʧԪʵıȵǣɱǣǿ֮󣬾Ҫɱǣ
棿ɶķ壬һ򲻲κ£Ϊ񼣶úãȷһĴڣʵǶˣΪͷŹǣͷ֮󣬱Ǹ
ǣ
ͷȻ͸ǻһЦݡ
ͣ
ʲôҲûͷͷ­߸
úһƻ񼣡񼣡һһʧۣ̻֮ᵮλ֮Ψһõǲں񼣣ʵǿܽնɱ
Ǭ͸ŷɱ⣬񼣰װʧȥβ
һжǕ׼ǸһʼͰϢ߱Ҳߵһ
òһǬһӡ֮󣬾ʬʧڷʱС
ڵʱС
ʮϵӰ־һֱƯΧ
ǬӰ־˫ͫԱһӰ־ʵֱǼСˣ
ǰ鷳¸ˣЩѽ֮УͯҲգҪõֻеǳΪ֮취նɱǣ
Сģôˣ
ĽٸԪҲ벻⼸СѶԸǷķ֣Ҳ⣡
棿һǺܹϵĴڣλڸΪҪְСӣ˹ϵǻԣҲΪ˼ߣΪУһжԸҲûжٰգ
ʱҲδŪֻᵮλµ֮ǵĵˣӴưڸݣҲŹңֻһֶԸǣһɳԺԶ
Ƕ˳Ϊ֮ʮԪԸͷ࣬ûɣ㿴Щ֮Ув˶նɱ˸ոճΪ׵֮Ȼȡ֮˳Ϊ֮Ӧÿնɱȡ񼣣
һԪԤ֮Ӧûʱ䲻ðǾͶˣԤ֮Ȼ类ǿӣ
𰵰ƻţ籩Ҫϯȥ
ǧȥ
һ¶Ӱôǧͼͷŵǳâڷ㴩
Ҷȵ˫ָͫĹ⣬ΪԽԽɲúǰʱճִ½Ƭʱ
ô£ڵƬʱգȫս֮γɵķ״̬ΪǴߣӦ񼣵Ϣ
ռݿռÿһҶзҲСΪеķƬʱʱ׹·ǱУػǡ
޷赲ҶȵĲֱǰںϹ񼣣Ҳֻһ·ڴ㣿
𣿡
ʱ̫޴ˣǬʳ
Ƭ׹䣬ΪûȻҲ벻ֵطй񼣡
룬һ渲ǵľɽ֮ϣسһʮɸӰһ䲻ˡ
ҪĽ磬ıĽ磬Ԥ֮ӰΨһܸıĽ֮ˣΪߣ
һֱƯȴĳ˵Ŀ

ͷҷҶȣǱӷо벢̫ңԶһ·ʱʱҪ׹ķƬ
ӭĻرǿҵĹϢ
񼣾ǰ
ô£
·ռڲһ硣
ķƬȻһЩ״̬ҲǷʯ
ʯȥʯ࣬ǵ̬ҶȸоЩʯǵ̶ɡ
ʯгǧϰ֮࣬һЩʯ͸ϤĹϢʯҲӵиֲͬĴϢӲͬǣһ̬һվš߹¡ǵ¡ǲԡ
ʯʧȥֱۡ˫ͷ­еʯʯ
ħ󣿡
ڶʯҶ𺳵óЩʯ񣬸Ͳʯ񣬶޴ᣬʬ峣Ưձ渲ǣںϣΪʯΪڵһϢ
ΪڹֲͬһĻ
Ҿʯ֮УҶȼʶĴڣһԭǾħԾ˵
ħʯˣƾ˼Ϊҵɱ䣬ߴɵʬﻯΪʯ


2377 Զŵһս
ħԶŵľħ󣬱Ȼǿ޷ĵز
ǧϰԶÿһܶӵ֮ͨʵȴڹ֮䡣
Ԥ֮ӣҵȴ㣬ѾȴʮԪҶ֮ʱһΡӵӿռ

ҶһΪв;úϤȻ뵽ʲôǰĪǾ־ˣǰ˵ȴ
ǱɣҵıͬڣҲ˵ģ
ಣ
ų뾴⣬ɹһ޴ϵʯЩĴܣȻ񼣴һϵ
֮Ҷڼߵɽͨһɷ׹ۻɵĴɽ񼣵Ӱӡ
أ
Ϊ񼣶ڼӰӣܲż
ûз񼣣ڼ˵Ӱ
Ӱ֮Ҷһı飬ΪԷһ࣬һ𡭡ˡ
Ȼڵ֮Уͼ߶ɵ˵Ĵڣϼʶ໨Ŵ̬ǱǰһĻ𺳡
ϿɽҶҲ˵ģԷ໨Ŵ۲࣬棬ģ÷м룬ԼĪʮͷƤ΢΢ڣһǶоڷͼڵۣɣ̫ˡ
Ϣоǡ̫⣬񼣵ػߣ
ž⣬Ҷаһ̾Ȼӿٶɽۣ֮ǰ
׵֮ɫü䣺ǹ񼣵ػߣҲԶǿߣս
ս
ҶҶȼǰ
㾭ǧ࣬һȷףܵõ֮ľˣҪЩûʸ
սҶȣһɾҶڣָջղżЩʯ񣬿ʲôо֪һֱɻ󣡡
벻սᵽʯҶȵͷ֮ɱһ춯صɱ
ҲЩʯ񣬸ԲԣҸ㣬֮⣬ΪĴڣһͨͨ죬ޱߣһһʽԻκʱգ
ﵽ׷ʲô
Ҳϣ̫֪ĹȥĿںϣҵʹҲǵȴ㣬ںϹ񼣣
лǰȫ
Ҫʧˣ
սҶ֮ȴҶһͷˮ
Ҷɻʵ֪ǰγԣ
񼣡ȷù񼣴ӷи˵㿴Ҳ׸ţ
񼣣սҶȺףһͬǰǾɽ
Ҫ񼣣Ȼװսʲô˼̫Ŀù񼣵ķɣʶ񼣣Թڴޱȡ
ÿһ񼣣вͬĿʽ֪սӡ
ҶӦ⵹֪֮ǰʶ񼣵Ŀǰ˼Ҫ֪񼣵ķʽ
ܴһ뵽㣬񼣵Ŀʽ˵ѣںϵľ䣡
䣿
񼣵ķʽǾ䡣
Ҳο񼣣Ϊ컯ȭҲ޵Ҳһû뵽һ䡣
õһ̣Ϳʼγ޷ָĽܹϵԭҲǿ񼣵
׼ã񼣴ӷ֮ϳѾܳʱˣ
սӡٶȼӿ죬ͻȻΪһޱצǻƽצǷɽһץһĨƬ飬ǱһɽһӾͰ˰ء
ͻͻͻ
ɽʼ𶯣֮бŹɹ⣬ſž޴ͷΪԲ⸩״̬ӷ泾
֮ͬ׺ߣö顣
ſͷ
Ǻε̬
ǿڴ£ſͷϳ֣Ŵգβں룬оǾһͬһޱȳصĶ
ŸƬ䣬Ŵͷһ̣ҶҲβں룬һԲε塣
ֻϷѾ飬ֻʣ֮ҧ˼ڵĹӡ
飿
ǹ񼣣
ǰô
ôģ
ҶĶ񼣳֣սš
񼣲Զǿ񼣣Σӵǿػźġ
Ϊλ
սĻ䣺֮ǰǾ仰˼˰ɣ֮ʣܵƻһˣΪʧ˾񼣣Ҷţ
ǰһֱһ⣬Ϊλ𣿹ִ֮ڣΪλ䣿
ЩĿǰܸ㣬õں񼣣޸񼣣񼣴ﵽ״̬ҲŻЩԶŵţҲӰĵģһ֪ԼٵƣнܵϣȫȫУĽλ񣬾۷廹жپ磿
ȻˣҲٹЩ޸񼣣޸
ںϣҪ뺣Ҫ޸񼣣Ϊ޴ˣԼɣΪںϹ񼣣ó䣡
䣡
԰սһϯҶ벻ںϹ˼ѣж·Ҫߡ
ΪͬһֻҪǰں񼣾ͿԳΪ֮
ڴˣش𣬾ںϣҲɲ֮
һâҶķɳŵӡŹâ
ˣ䰡
սӾ䣬·˼صȥɲ򵥣Ȼǽ񼣵ȴһ̺ʱշǵĹţжõķ
ˣ
𽥷񼣣Ϸ󣬾â·񼣵ľ໥ӦȻ񼣵һںϣҲ彵٣ջΪâںϣͬʱâҲںϡ
ںϣھںϣڿҽ磡
սӡΪһҶУ˲塣
Ȼ飬ȴȻм̵ĽҶȸоκνڣΪѾںϡ
磬ǰһƬʱգǹڲ硣
ڲҲдγɴԲδʱգÿһԼʿƱڻ񼣵Զǿߡ
ԿڲռҲܴ󣬸߼ʣ磬һҶȸоĹһ΢΢ͷŸӦÿһʱնܿĴţͷߡ޽֮ڲռȫǰ
ˣЩʱвپ˵ķӡҪһȥںϲ֪ӡʲô
ޱߡ
Ҷȶ񼣵һо񼣵޷ݣ˵жǿ񼣵жǿ
س̾磬оһʱգ
ս׵ĸоʵʵڲһʱգ񼣱ôʡɣȻһӸ߼Ϊմ쾫ɣΪʿϣ񼣵ĸԭΪ108ڸ涼Խ죡


2378 ںϹ
Ҫһںϣ֮Уӵеĸַӡ޷ģ̺֮˴෨ͨԼķӡһշͿ޼ɵʹô졢֮һʿͬԭһʿͨУҲշ߶Ȳ֮ʮ֮һ
սΪҶȽܹ񼣣ҲҶȷʱգ˷ͨҪ˭һκҲԸҪںڲͨ󲿷ʿҪԪɣӹŵκһ֮ҲҪԪں񼣣㲻ͬߣҴҲӦֻءеϢںϵٶȣҪе֮
һϯҶ벻֮һز
ƿط
ǲһУ
ᵽߣҶȳɻ󣺡ǰߣΪԼ޷ܵ߾ǰԣӵֻߡʣԸӦֻءеΪƫƫӦ
ֻߣߣ
񼣵ػߣսҲ޷ӦҶȾӵжʣߡߡͨ塢塢ߡ޽ߡ
ʵûܶ˵ĿǰļԪǸʱڣǿԸ𰸣Ҳֻ֪ŴᵽһߣΪ񼣵ĴߣԤ֮ӣ֪㣬һ˾Ҳ֪Ĵ˾ҲϤһ㣬һֱڰעһһ
˾
ӵԾ䣬һˣʱڰʱ˾ǴԼǿߣʱɱǿаڣ㽫Ҳڤڤ֮עԵ֣
ǰڻ˾ǰȡøӦ𣿡
ǿԣ񼣴״̬ǽΪҪ£ǲҪػ񼣣
£дҪ֪˾ǰ
εȴ£
Ҷ㼤棬սͣ½Ų
¹شɷ֪ĵܣ¾һһ߰ս
һʱս̾Ȼ뷨죿赲Ӷȹ٣
ϢҲ𾪣ҷӵ֪ģϢԲдɽ硢һֱиص֯ڹܴ֮ǰú뺣巢սйأ֪ȴ֪ı
¹شϸ֪˾һ֮Դǿ䱸һ֡Ҫʧ硢ɽ硢Ҳʧ
ûдıĽҲԿɣĽ磬ĽȻˣ
˵û֮ǰЩԼ񼣵𣬻ˣһֳԽĽ⣬ղģûд죬Ľ绹ᰲȫ𣿡
ǣʲô
նɱޣֿƻ񼣡
ǧǿߣǱɱ
Ժ֪ģֻҪ״ҪԣǱĽıݣһʧĽ綼Ϳ̿Ƭ棬ʧȵһȣͷŷ뿪񼣣Ѵ¸ߴ˾
²˳٣սӡ֮һȥһͲˡ
ս𱣳˫ֺʮ״̬ҶһԵȴع顣
֮⡣
սɳ֮һâƿնȥ۷İ쵽С
Լ
ٿ
羡ͷһӰ
˴ļıֻ뵽ȴ硢ɽ硢
Ĵ˾һۼ϶Ϸһǣױȵݡ
˾ŭɶɱ֮ɫü
սȭҶǬ𿹺⣬ҲΪҵ㣬Ϣ㣬˾ΪʱÿʼжϢת֮ٲжһƻЩٴɱǸɵʱҲûִ֮ڵԶŴ񣡡
ȥ죬Ԥ֮޸֮£ǰΣģ뺣ȫԤ֮޸񼣣
˾תƿնȥ
ˣ
֮У
밽ս˲ϢںϣսҶȣ˾֪ıȥһ飬Ҳȥټ֮
ɿ
ı¶Ͳóѣ첻飬硢ɽ硢ల£ѡԼ壬Ҳⳡƽ֮С
ȻǺƽ٣ô׻⣿
;ں񼣣Ϊ⵽ƻҪںϵĻҲ޷񼣶ڵ񼣣״̬֮һȷںϣͬΪǬֵĻǬĶ֣߶Ǭ񼣵԰նɱѹ񼣴ݻ٣
ǰ˼ҶˣҰںϣ޸񼣣ɹ֮ùչڴ죡
̫ˣһ£֪ҵ˼
սοܿǾһ߼ʵ̳֮ϣ̳ȻҲЩطģΧԼĸ
̳һâ磬Щɲͨ磬񼣡ںϵϽ磬ں񼣾ںЩ磬ͨƿش죬Ϊ֮
ǰҶȸоԼԵľߵ磬ǰȻһǰӦӵвɣֻ񼣵ֻ֮ţİ񼣵̣
㻹ֻ֪֮ţ̣սԴһ
ˣöʶ
𣿿񼣴ڴ죬Ҳ̵ĹѳħӦúϤ񼣶ǰģǬ񼣡񼣿ԱȼĴڣҲʶΪЩŹ֣ϵһ߶֪֮ô񼣵ȻǹҲǿģΪâ̫񽣡ǵԼ塢Ѫľ
â̫񽣣
ֻϧ䣬ǼҲʧˣҶһֱд˾ȥѰңϧһֱûϢҵâ̫񽣣ʵﵽȵĸ߶ȣԤ֮ӣ˵˿λıĽ֮ˣ
ûоâ̫䣿
ʵ㣬ǿԶŴ֮һֻ̫ڤȼٵĴȣԾâ̫ʧҲֻں񼣵㣬ԸӦϢΪﵽ˽λǾŽλڿʼ֮Уʼںƿشķӡ뷨ͨ
ţ
Ҫںˡ
ӵõ俪ʼ֪񼣵Ĵڣֻ֮Ϳ׷ϵĿ꣬ҪʵԸ
ˣ
ǿĽ磬ҶȾ͸оԼĸڱϢںϣ̫⡢Ҳ׷֮С
ɲǼ䣬ƿʼ͸ʣµֻ̫ԼԪ
ŬŬ
ֵܣߣľѪںϣԶ֮У࣡
λǿ߶֮УԹ޻ڣҪ׷޴ˣĲ񼣣
о̶֮С
ԺֺܶԶˣǰ˴ڵ񼣵ĳԼѪصĻʡ
գܶ䡣
״̬£ҶѾһУȫں֮С


2379 ʮλ֮
һ粻Ҷںϣﵽһ̶֮ҶȺȻ˫ۣӡǰں֮ʣЩѾ鷳ǰչˣ
սƺδףǰӿââ֮Уʮ뵶ūֳ߳ħūľơ

˸ճ֣սĿⶼϡ

ǴǿҲǲȱٵ
ԶŴսǰܴѣָɵͬսսΪ뿪벻оҴ
ս֮̾ƺҪҶȣϧҶѾʧڽ
ģǶǴһǾʵҲħ
۾̫⸲Ǿ뵶ū𽥷ɳ񼣣սҪʵ
񼣣
ΧռƯʮӰ
˾ӰֳʱһưӡΪģ˷ȥ
˾Ҫټףкδ£
ĪǴֳɶ֮
ӡȷڲͬͷ֮Χʮ֮Ӱ׷׿˾
˾ףɽȷǴ£غʮ׵֮󣬱ҵԭɣ
ˣ
һ񼣵֮Ӱֶ
ӽǵڶ½֮Ӱ٣ܿʹﵽʮңһƺΧκζ
ڳ֮ӰʵǬǬһѮֳ
Ŵ˾֮һһݡ
էȻȥǬڶʮ֮УǼΪģʮ£֮Ѯϡ
һӰֶΪ֮ܿ챻ȡ
ţ
񼣵ףʮλ֮֮УΪ֮Ĵߣܿͻᱻơ
żλǰ
һ֮ŵڹ̬ǫ͡
Щ֮Уд󲿷࣬ȴһЩ壬֮壬ͬ˾һλ
ĲҲڵȴǣ
ǣ
һ֮˵һ䣬һͬϷʮλ֮ʮδ٣ʮ˷ǳ򵥣˾λǡ
ˣ
ʮ֮ˢˢؿ߿ա
ֻзĸ߿գŤһâУһ޵Ӱ֮н٣ÿһϢܹϣ·֮ȵġ
ӰһʮǶͬĹϢô취Զ·ʮ֮ٶͬᵮĴڡ
ʮԶӰ֮Ҳ࣬Ҳ˾ַĴڣŴн٣ǵҪ·ʮ֮ͷŵƣҪǿĶࡣ
ʮʮ֮УΪϵĴڡ
λǰ
·֮˾Ҳͬӭ
һӰ˾ʩչӡ˵Ǵ켴д·εȴ£֮УֻдԼ񼣵ףӵԤ֪ĪԤ֪ʲô
˾Ԥ֪ʲô׼ȷϢϢԵ
𣿡
ǵԶŴսʧأ壿ʧԶŴ䣿
ܽĽͨ⵹ǰǣʮԪУ޷в磡
ᵽͨ㣬ģ磬ǲǣ
ҲȻʧȥĽͨԶŴսΪͨʧ硢ɽʿԽ磬緢չʧȥƽ⣬òɽ硢Լ鹩罨ʮ
ʵĳ˵Ҳ
λǰ
˾ٴι
ʮԶŴ֮У۵ļˣʮ˫Ŀˢˢؿ˾
Ǻ֮ˣ񼣴Ҳλæޣ޷Ԥ֪ȥδһõʵ鱨
˵
ǣ
˾̧ͷΧʮ֮Ҳ׼ȷ鱨ڰмƻԴ֣
һԶŴ㵵Ŵ죿
ǲǴ죬Ͱ׼Ǳ磬죬ҵȲ޲ȱڣ
Ŀȱڣ
֪ȱ£ԶŴսǰϦȱھͳˣǹɱ죬ԶŴΪ˶䡭֮Ҳǳս֮У֮ǰñɱĹҼʱ޲ȱڣǺҲֻ޲ȱڣܳ׸ıݷֻҪڴڲȱ֣һжı䣡
ǵһֱı𣿡
֪ԶŴս֮ǰǾѾ֮޲ȱڣս֮Ϊ޲ȱԼɱ̫ǿߣ108񼣣֮һϴκƽ֮ģЩֵ֮ܣҲ˶䣬ǹ֮Ĺ䣬Ҳǳƽ֮Ҳһ飬Զʧ
ȱ򾭲ƻȱڳֵĻǹһɱûй֮ǺԵֵǣϵ϶ᷢ磬ʱǾǸܵУ
һԶŴ̾ء
·Щ֮ÿ˶ľΪ˾Ϣ硢졢ɽ硢ʧ
Ҳ˵˶õһʵλȨữΪУǻΪʷĳ
ʧȥһУ֮Ҳ־塣
˾˵尵е飬һȱڣ֮硢ɽ硢Կ٣ձ磬ǵĵȹѣ
һԶŴԭǶԴ֡ղΪ˻磬ΪǺ޲֮ʣ翪ʼһ̴壡
Ҫ𰡣Ϊ֮õı˾һ㣬ҪԴ֣Ǿͨ磬ܽҪ֪̫ڤ񣬴ŵ񼣽ޱߵ磬Žʮ˲ǽ񼣴飬ܳɹν죿
ԶŴһ˶뵽⡣
һʱ䣬󲿷֮ڷһ㡣
֮յ磬ʧȥ񼣣Ͳ죬ҪҲһ취졣

˾һһֱýģҲδɶܻ֪ıʵһصֲ֯ϵ֯Ϊǰпƺ壬пʮʱգǿߣͨ棡
ϷһԶŴ񣬰ɭɭĵ񣬴˾ǿǿԴǲܴģ
ǰйأܶǰһС䣬һԴˮ򣬲ܺ塢ѹȵıҲԴ棬Ȼ飬ֻҪմֱͲ⣬뾡취ҺȡǼǸ֯ıһǾͿô󡢵ֳ磡
˴£˾Ϊβ˵


2380 
˾ţϷʱŭɶ
ƿɽ硢硢񣬽Ƥӵɽ硢ͨУⲻĶ
һԶŴʵ˾˼һ죬Ȼ磬Ӷƻȱڣ
һɻĴ˾ƺеĻ˵ڣûҪͨǲܵģҪ죬ûСûԼ˰Ҳ޷죡
ɲĻ˭ڲٿأһŭ
ίʵ򵥣ôһֱûв鵽ܣ˭֪˭ɣҪ죬ֻͨκҪ죬ֻͨʮ֮ɣͨ磬Ҫ磬Ҫ֣ûһǸ˴죡
ֱ֮ĺλ˾ĻҶĺװɣҪ磬֮ȴ˰нʲô磬Ҫ磬˭˭޳ܣ
黹δֻ֪ıǱ֮һʱ鲻
ǵһ˾Ϣʱǿǰ׼
֣ƿʮκζػʮʼΪҪȡϵ
󣬱عʱգصǱһʱ⣬±½磬õδ֪Ƕ֮ʣÿһϽκ˳
ȥҲҪʼ߶񼣣ÿ񼣡챣ں״̬Ŀǰֻʮ񼣣񼣣Ҳʮ񼣸գиڽյĻ˵޲ȱڣ
ĿǰԼ֪ж񼣻𣬶񼣴ڣԤж񼣸գ
֣㹻ֹֽ죡
Ȼȥ׼ϣҺúóһ죬Ƶĺð취Ժپۣ
ಣ
ʮԶŴ˲Ϣƿնȥ
·ʮ֮ҲʼʧӰ񼣣ڵȴ罫񼣳׻ѡ
²˼ƻ죬ҵһж֮ʧ
ʮӰػ񼣸ա
ǬҲУʱڰйͨ
Ͼ˾ܣ̫ףԭǻƻŵõһ񼣣ڵʱҪԴ֣õҲûˡ
ȱڴ򿪣һжˡ
ƽʮԪ磬ӭʱұӿ첽õ񼣣ӵ񼣣һ˵ûˣҲѧ̫ڤȥʱ֮н磬񼣾нʱ
ȷǵΪԼʱ򡭡Һ֮ﲻˣ񼣻ȥǴµɣʧģ
Ǭ𶼱ɫһֱڼȾ֮С
磬ǧʱ֮С
ĳʱյһƬɽ֮ϣһͬʯɽۣ֮ͬһˣơ
٣
²
һ޵Ӱʽٶһͬˡ
ûжһ£ֻ컺²һжƻ֮𣿡
֪ô£Ĵ˾ոټ֮Ļ󲿷ֶڵѾ֪ǵļƻ
˾ô֪ǵ£Īú岻СİѼƻй¶
ܣҺֻˮȡˣ֪ǵĿȱڣ
ˣܲǵϢй¶ȥİɣ
˾˼ⷢǵܣ֣ȻҺҳֵܣֹͷʲôߣҪһʱ
ҪλҲΪ֮¾ҵ£޷ԿĻһжҲ⣬ȻԤϵ֣ҾҪıˣΪһȫ
¶ϲ֪֮ǵĿȱڣô죿
֪ΣǻҪչƻҪ㣬һڤǿߣǼʱϽ磬Ҫйע֮ĶȻ£֮ʱ»ֺ½죬ȱֻ֣ҪȱڣͿӵɽ硢ʱգҲؽ磬Ϊ֮޷ֵ˸ӿԽڵؽһʱգ
֣֮ϾŶȱڳ֣ξҪ㣬ҪŸǿߺƻȱڣһɹ֣㽫ҪʲôʲôƽƽЩҺ֮Ҳ޷ȣ
ĿĴɣҶԵõԼҪģȥһ˹Ǳɽľͷ
˲վ
˶ҪҲڰ֣ƿʮκ˽棡
ԶŴպգʵ̫ڤ֮һ߶ȣֻҪƿعǾ޷赲ҵĲ
˵꣬һͲˡ
ļƻһн¿ʼҽΪڶλҵģ
˰Ŀͷ뿪صЦЦȥ
죬ĳʱա
һɽŵâɽ֮ǰֶ
ŷŸոո֣ɽ֮У޵Ĵ֣ѾõĹϿɣںϣղͻȻʧĪд·
ϲϲ֣
ڷüеĵϲȡһΪ֮ҷڴҲһ֣ΪߣڴȻҪܵѹƣһ̫ʼҲھֻ񼣵Ŀ飬Ų֮ҲõϿɣ
ָֻɫ£ȷǰɣһ֯磬Ǳ죬ƻȱڡ
ȱʲô
֮е࣬΢΢һƺⲻһ¡
ȱԶŴս֮ǰ֪ΪԭͻȻֵģǴϿм̵ķݣǰǵȱ֮һֿµĹȱɱ죬ǹ񼣣նɱ֮ԶŴǹ֮У졢·磬˶𣡡
ǳƽλģ
ԶŴԼնɱ˹޲ȱڣŻƽ٣մҲֻʣ¶ʮ֮񣬲ʮ֮͵Ϯ죬ȱڣһǹ죬һʧʧȥ˷ݣ޷赲٣ҪĥԿ٣磬ȫ
ԭı
̾
ʲô˼Ŀ·֪еһЩ顣
൱ֻǾһȻ磬ôҰģ֣Ȼ˺ƽ٣ҲҪӿں񼣵Ĳ

Ĺ˵壬ͷâעǰ֮УƯڴ֮Уӡ֮е
ڵ࣬Ѿ֮ʮ֮⣬ûĶ֣ѾԽˡ
һҲİڴӷſеõϢӡٶһֱڼӿ졣


2381 ʼж
ڵʱա
ⷽһٶǿߣЩǿ߼Ǹ߽λ񣬾½ʱͷŸӦǷ½
޷ϵݽϲ½֮УȻԵϢ
ˣЩǿ뿪
λǵعκ˽ǼʿһɱһʿҪץģ
ǣͳ˧ˣ
һٶ￪ʼɢ
һλĿӣʮ˵һѳڷ룬ڴ
ͨɽķͨڣɼԲڣʮָӦһδκһʿ
Эλ
ˮһ𼸵κˣɴӰܳ󣬴ʿ
󺺴ӭӺǿߣǶʿʾ⣺лѣƺˣΧûκεʿֻһЩϢ
ǿҲǻʵ󺺵ˣ鱨ƺλһõϢѾĸһ뿪ʱԶ
壿зֻعնɱ֣кǿȥִУͷλúǿעƬˮ򶯾
Ӧģ
һ£ǿһͬ˷ɢȥ
һжܿ졭
һ˫֮ͫ⸩ǿߡ
٣
һۣȴµĲɣɫ𽥷ƺûԼƫƫûбΧǿ߸Ӧ

ƬѾǿƣδӦٵĵٶˣԼƬռ˵Ǵһֶ״̬
֡ǿǿ߲ԶҲδĴָӦ
Уֻһ̤棬ͬӵһ㣬׵ؽ棬Ϣ㣬ͷƣһУһǰ֮С
Ҳ赲˷١
ֻǰ㡣
ͨͷɵϢķ㣬ɽʱգȡһƣ߶֮޽֮С

ʮϢĺӰӹͥʱշ
Ϊ߾ǹףԱ߻ףһ˻ԭۣʮȫǴﵽµĴڡ
ףÿ˶ǾǿߣڵҲˡ
һλױȭף
׻󣬵ڽ͵֣λǵʮ֮һԭۣ
ֲλ۵жţԭۡ۱ȭ
׳֣ɽ磬ǲһжϽѾãҶ˲ǿߣɽפﵽ۱֮ǰڤѶйȫжԼЩֵܣҲҪǶԸ
λôǿ߽죬͵Ϯȱڶܳɹɽ磬˵ķ´λܽ磬Ȼȥ죬ڴ׼һУ
мƻ
ϽƻȱڣȻصعǿնɱȷͨɱ磬עͬʱʼƻ
ҵҪʲôǰһ룬ڤǸŷǱ磬ƻȱڣ
סԭͬʱ׵
²˳٣λ½
˫ɹʶһ
ԭۡ۴ʮֽ󣬺ܿ·
۵ѵõйر
Ƕ̫ˣһڣͻᱻĸַ֣λɣ
Ȼǣ
ǷȴҡҡͷȻһĳϷ汻ģͷһâ˽磬Ȼ˵紩ȥ
ֲڤǰһаٵ˼ȥͨ󣬾Ȼ׾ܴ
״Ÿ֣ŷٴ㡣
֮еۣסԭ۴
۵һۼúһ㣬ǼδţһģʵҪ죬֮Ƥ͵Ϯȱڣܳɹзٵ󣬵úпܳɹ
ûбʤգڤǰôϽ磿Ҵڤǰе֪Ļ֮ˣһ֮粻֮Լǻȫ͵Ϯȱڣһȱڴ򿪣ջᱻҵƣӹҵĶԹջһԪ˽ᣡ
صס
ֻ칦ѾӦĺâ
λĪҪͷκϢ֣Ѿڣ
ٻٶȣתһɨס
˫ͬʱͷԷ㣬һ˫ƿʼմ棬ʮֽɳӭ۵â
磡
׺úÿһ磬Χռ͸һɾ˵ѹֻٽӡ֮ǾһӦлشʱǴһǿǰա
ԷȻûзʮǿߵϢ
ٴŵ֣ĿŵգȻƿնȥ
Լʱڷƿش£׵ȵǿߣܿ񷣬𽥼ǲɶҡĴâ硣
졭
Լе֣һۣסΪʿҲ֪ǳԽĴڣʿá
ҲΪӵд죬Ԫ֮УһֱѹڵϷδսҲδܸıˡ
֣Ӧнİ취ɣʵ
ԭۡҲࡣ
һû֮ɣҲܽ죡
նػشֿףж¹ش󣬵ƻټԪĳɹգһҲðվ׽죬ҪȴҪõĻᣡ
źҡҡͷȻǵףһҲδ죬ڤǰЩԶŴ񣡡
ˡ
ʮڴ֮ȴꡣ
Ȼâڲͷһâ
â֮гһλˣƺף֮󣬹סԭۡΪǵˣڷټʱסǡ
һλ׺ֶױȭλ赣ģûңȴǣλҵݣ֪˭ˣ
ǰݣλ˱Ȼϴ
ǺʱԽ죿͵Ϯȱڣ׻ǹעεļƻ
˻󣬰صȣʲôʱҲ˵ڴ֮ոյõжƻԲߣҲȫȱڣв֮ǵõɢ֮ʣܶȱڳ֣
Ҳ˵֮ǣʱȫȱڣԭһ
¾װɣǵʮУΪĴڣĴ
ƺԴԭۣҲǷȱڸĿǰע棬ʱûлᣡ


2382 ͻλ
ˣâǰ
꣬˾һݷ
𣬹׻ۣˣ֮Ȼ׼ȱڣܿȱ𣿡
ո뱾ԼͷϵʱȱȻдأһֻҪγɣȱڵĸ־ͻЩ˻Ӧ
󣿱Ȼʮ֮ȫ
Ҳõģڴֽ֮ţҲǴƿ֮һֻҪȱڵľͷ٣ǾͿжڻҪȥ
˽֮ٴξȴš
ԼڶͷѾ׼ʱ֮С
죬ĳһƬȫǷĿռ䡣
ͷ񷣬һ̽Ӳ壬Ưڷߴ
߳߳
ռڡ
һ֮УһͻƣԷ顢ʥΪϴ߶żħʵʱʱ̶̿ڽ
ūԱ߶ռ֮С
ػߡսͻȻֶһޣԼɳһֱȼŵס
ūǵһԶŴµķޣǳԽµķڵ˶֪ķռ벻ȴдô
սšޡȻ󽻸ūС
ū֮󣬾ʼһڿɾޡ
ս¶־㵣Ҹо֮ϧ֮ҲԵ񼣣ϧûгɹ˶䣬Ȼ֮ûе񼣣ҲԶŴʵ֮£֮ݺ磡
֮û´Уūƽʵ
Ҳ֮аˣֻанӵ˵㲻õõ֮ҲᳬԽ֮񣡡
սһʮǰ
ʱһ־ͻƣǵΪѾλڹ֮УͻٶȻӾˡ
ʱҳȥˣռħòһ
ԭսǸǴħ
â֮ʮħŹϰһˣ֮оںħʣµħںϡ
һṦ򣬶ʮֳһħⱾԶžǺ֮ܿںϣʼ߶ħһٶٴ
֮󣬰սȷ뵶ūںϸԷ󣬲ŷ񼣿ռ
󷨿ռ䣬ЩΪصͷ̫һâСֻءϢ
벻ôں˷󷨣ȻģҲ̫ˣߣ
ںϣսϲҶںϴ󲿷󷨣ҶѾƿش󲿷ַӡΪһ֮
ҶȾֹˮǰлΪѰҷ
ǽǹ񼣵սҲҷ֮£սΪȻӦ̼ǰ֮УһӰ߳
̫ɵֹۡƶתҶȡ
Ӧǹ񼣵ףһ֮
񼣴ںϣҪЩ󷨡ӡٻҪʱ䣬Ҫľ޲񼣣
޲񼣣״̬񼣵޷ӳû񼣣Ҳ޷ô
ô˾ת溣壬ϣȫ޲񼣣Ҳ޲񼣣ҪЩʱһҪλԼλ񣬵ȸ׼ãǾȥ壡
޲֮翪ʼ׼ȷףҪ׼
ս˵굱ʧȥ
ѾҶںϣսΪػߣܵԼɳ񼣡
绹ûϢҲӦÿˡ
׼ͻλ񣬶纺ơӦֻܸӦ񼣵ϢϢʧǶں֮С
ں񼣣ӦõһΪ֮
ϴѪȸ֣¼ҡϰٸֵʱѴﵽĽλ۷壬ںϣͨںϣѾԴк˽⣬Ľжƿ
һ۾ǧȥ
Ԫʼӿн֮УӤѾﵽ״̬ᷨӡٶȿȸ߽λԪʼҶȵѾʮѾӽԲ߶ȡ
״̬ں񼣣Ѳ¡
ԪʼӤƷԼлСﵽһɴСʱ˫ֽһâ
ˣ
һɴСԪɲǼ仯ΪһߴСԴ
Դ߸ߵĿԴγԲΣƯڽϷӤƿء
䣡
ǹ飬̫ˣͷţڵⶼ飬ʹҶѾʧȥκοֻܷ壬֮顣
УҶȷϢٴںϣʱ˿̣͸о֮Уڴ磬Ϊںϣ͵ںϣͻ֮ʣγһ칲Ĵ
ʵǳΪ֮ƿشӴԺԺκ˽죬ҲԾκ˵Ҳüɵ¼ҡң콨һ⡣
Ƭ֮С
鼴ԪӿٴͷŸӦʱҶͻȻһƿռ
Ϊ˫ͫ޵Ӱ
оƿռ䣬ոս룬ҶȾͼʶһĻʮնɱһ޴˫ͷգҲһٶ󣬷ֱնɱ˫ͷڸ߿գ޵ˣ˶һͻʯ״̬
˫ͷ
Ȼնɱ󣬿ʯ񣬵ҶȿԿ϶Ǿޣ˫ͷͬھ
ջ
սȻƿռ䣬Ҷһͬǰ𺳵һĻ
ҶȲʵǰ⵽ô£֮ЩԶŴΪλ˫ͷʲôֲڣ
ʵ֮ģڴȱڸʱգܾãҲҵ˵ʬ壬ǰƬʱ֮У֪ôȥʱһͬʯΪبŲʯ񣡡
֪㿪ʼģΪʲôں񼣣ʱ֪ȥЩšԶŴսǰϦͻȻһɴըأͬʱͨԶͨԶŴս׷׵չɱڴ챬ըʱ֮Уȴǰ˫ͷ
Щﲻ֪λݣ֮󣬾Ȼʼɿռ䣬ɴȻ˫ͷÿһΣһƬռͻʧ׻Ϊ䡢ûգκʡ˫ͷʳ˫ͷ֮ʣԼԶŴֳֵȱڣԼ˫ͷʱ˫ͷѾԵһƬռ䣬ʣʲôûеıգ
ԶŴ֪˫ͷȥ춼ʧȻ硢ɽ硢硢Ϊ䣬֮ȱڣ˫ͷչɱ˭֪˫ͷʵ̫ǿˣʲôɣʳҲ̲ѣ䣬֮ͨҲ˫ͷĶ֣


2383 ͻλ
˵սĿ֮Уֻʯ˫ͷͨ˫ͷｻ֣һȫǶ֣һԶŴվ˳Ϊдˡ˾񼣡񼣡񼣵ȵȵԶַ֮ӡȱڣŸڵǿߡԼǿߣȱγһķɱȦҲһȱΧ
ԶŴǼе˫ͷѪսһԶŴ£䣬һͷͷ˫ͷҲնɱ˫ͷﱻһǿкȱڣҲ˻˫ͷ֮£ҲˣҲʧ
ⳡѪսδãǵµԶŴ񣬾ڿһĻ̫ˣǿɶ֧ŴĴڣ̶ʱ䣬󲿷䣬еĻ˫ͷɣԶŴ񷢷ޱߣһ񼣽ϴڰ˫ͷƳȱڣлԶŴԷ塢˾Ϊף޲ȱڣ޲ɹ󣬴󲿷ֲ޲ԶŴˣֻ֪м˻λ֮һ
ȱ˫ͷսǾܵģʱֻ֪֮ȱ޲ɣնɱ˫ͷ֮ԶŴսԶŴսһԪǳս֮УҪ¼
һ¼˵ԶŴ񣬷׷䣬񼣻𣬵ڶԶŴսڲűͨĽԶͨʧƺǵǿΪԶŴսӵԶͨĽ粻ʱգ£ԶŴս׽ųֵģǴһʥɴ֧ŴĴԪȻʧû֪׷˺£˵Ԫ˻飬˵ȱڳ֣ͱ˫ͷ졭
ҵʱƹ񼣣޲ԼΧɱ˫ͷжΪܵ˫ͷ﹥񼣱һ֮Уһʱ޷ָҿҪָʱ˵ϢԶʧҸȥȱڣѾҴʮ֮֮ӡסòȱԶһʱҵˣϧѾսЩԶŴ񣡡
ʱʵܵشҹҲûжܳʱȥֻܽԼЩʱգ֮УӡƬ󷨿ռ䣬ҾʹŹԶʱգķʼӡϢ볤״̬ΪľǵȴµĴ֣߳Ԥ֮ӣһֱ֪Ĵ𰸣
սһԶޣԼԶŴǰһһ
Ҷһֱ֮Уڲô˵Ҫƻ죬ʵٴδȱڣһǿµ˫ͷͻһɱ
սɴ˾ϵˣҲԭԭ֪֮֮ȱڲôһ޲ȱڣǿ͵Ϯ
˫ͷﵽʲô֮˶䣿
ÿһλ֮ܺ㣬ʷϣδй˫ͷĳ֣Ĵ˾ʱԤԵ˫ͷĽأҲԣһлƽ⣡
սҶȣĵ֪ԺУصһλߣ̳й񼣣õȻĽһոµ꣬˫ͷûܸ𰸣ԼȥƽЩܣΣ
Ҷͫɻ󣺡ѵǰļԪУûбߵǹ֮˼ңҲһߣȻҲõĴУ
˲ߣǻ壬ʣԪ֮Ҳûκߵ˵˵ƶģҲ˵תתĹ֮УΪĳЩŻᵮߣܸ𰸾ôˣ֪㻹ܶɻ󣬵֮˵ɣ
սҶѾɣʼ飬ʱҶʵʱ̣ս֮Ͳˡ
ҶһֱԭأӴԶŴ壬˫ͷһĻĻ顣
ڼޡȴһĻ
ں񼣣ȴġ
ڳΪ֮ʩչ֮
ӿ׷Ѱ񼣣ǧں񼣣оʵ벻ͬ
ҪΪǿߣȻһ˳
ıóѣЩ˫ͷɱ
עȫ˫ͷ̫ˣɱ죬˿ɵ
Ҳûй֮־ǿߣ
ΨбøǿԽԶŴ񣬳Խ֮ҲܱҪұһУ
תʧڽƿռ䡣
ʼ飬ͨ񼣣ոԴһαǿޱȣ̫һΪԪ״̬оˮͷŵĹ࣬ҶΪһˮ֮
̫һں˸ʮ١̫޼˻ףҲߡֻߡߡߵȵȵ񶼿컯ΪԪ̬˵ҶͨںϹ񼣣ﵽһ߶ȣҲ֮ĸ߶ȡ
̫һںϣչȥҶȳΪͷʱĲڿԴģʵΪһľͨ
ںϹ񼣣մҵѾȱκһٳλ񣡡
̣꣬ͻλ񵽽ɣѾȥʮꡣ
ԭƻͻλ֮󣬾Ͱѹǿߴ죬ڴ׶еĴߣҪڴ쾡Լ֣ھûҪԼʵһȥܼ顣
ӿҶڣÿգԼͻ壬ʮȥһﵽ״̬ڲϵ
Ҷȿʼ׼λ񣬲Ҳ򿪾֮УĽʱգĴԴһЩԶŻʣЩʿɶǽ񼣵ʡ
֪ҶȾѴﵽλ۷壬ʱҲȥ
ᣡ
ֹһʱҶ͵˫ۣһӡ
Ԫ󷢳ƣȻΪһһߴСԴԴʼϷ
λں񼣳Ϊ֮ҶڳΪһ߽λ
սڴ˿ҲֶοЦݵϲ̤λ񣡡
ǰҪ½磬ڴ죬һͬ뿪ڣҶȺʵ
ΪΪһĴڣһ£ǲ뿪죬ǳȱ֮Ծ뿪죬𣬵Ȼ֮ͷԼŴ죡
ܴȥĻǾ鷳ǰȥ׶һˣҴϽķߣҪڹУδܳΪǿߣ
û⣬ȷҪԼйţϧ䣡
ҵķǰǰ߶ɣ
ҶȰһսսʧȥ
ڣȻˡУ޷뿪죬ֻһ񼣣֮С
ʼӿ˵˳ҶһѪ
鲻ϽУҶҲָڿʼɱ䣬һֺصĸоȻӵкֲܶͬʣų⣬Ϊǿÿһʵһںϵζ


2384 ںϰ
⵽ô£
ôʵų⣬Ҷȿƣһںϵζ
ѵӵ̫һԵʣ
Ȼǰᱻ̫һںϣȴͨУһˣУÿգںϡ
̫һҶ̫γɣ뵱һν񼣣ܣ֮м޵컯ڰžԺ֮Уصõʮ٣õڰĴУγص
̫һκڸԶںһȫ£ϧҶ˺ܾҲ޷Լһ𰸡
֪Ѿҿʼ飡
λʵ嫣ʿʼ鱻µϸҶȿʼ߶ո
Ҳ쳣ļ̣ҵʵ߽λ񱻹ȣҲ޷ɱ򾻻뵱ڷ磬ۣں϶󷨲γ򣡡
۲仯㱼뵽˹ȥڷеĵεΡ
ٿ
񼣼̵ķ󷨣΢΢һ
Ҷְͫսɳ񼣵Ӱͷһսǰ
սȵҶȣȻҡҡͷ벻ͻλʵӦȫȾŽλ񡭡Ǳ̫ˣҴδģ
ںϣ󾳽磬ںϴ෨ûûʸΪ񼣵Ĵߣ
ҪѴΰţ
򵥣ҵһĿռУͻƣ񼣵ѹȿռ䣬˲佫ѹ飡
Ҷ֮վ񼣺ա
ýӡֻͫһΧռԼںΪһ̵㣬ֻһӣ󷨾͵ɡ

Űսﶯֱֻۣ޵ˡֶ̫ۡ顢ۡͷһһӿ֣ǧ֮ķһͬ񼣿ռ䣬ʱ׳ۡ
Ǻε磿
˶ź뾪ΧҶҲ޷
ҶȵҲþţ粻֮УѸı䷨򣬴ҿֱͻơɽ٣ܵ
磡
޵ˡʮֶ۵ⷬһ˵
񼣣
ʿе۷壬ǾС
ǰ̤ŽλԺ⣬Ҫฺ𣬴ҷаɣҪץᣬΪ缴ӭһƽ٣ⳡƽ˭Ҳ޷ӱܣ֮Ҳ䣬񼣣Լǣⳡƽ֮ţǺԶȹⳡƽ٣ֻһʵǶǷߣһϾʱ䷨򣬾Ϊȡͻʱ䣬ϣںƽ֮ʣǶܳΪһǿߣ
ʦ𣬵Ӳʧ
ٻһӦ
Ҳ׷׵ͷÿ˶ʱ󣬲˵ʲôһһʼС
һӣȺ߳
Ҷȼӣӭ֣𣿡
ħ֮еĲţ
㿴
ҶȺ£쿪ϵ䣬󴦣Ȼ˹ϵ
İֻһ߳Ѫ֮У·ѪҺ
һվŵİս˫ֻͫо㵣ǰСӸںˣ
սʩҲ֪ôһ£һֱ޷ѰһԣҴ߶Ĺ֮УػѰںϣǿҵľѪմ˵ҲһԤ֮ӣ
Ե֣ԵˣħʿҴϿһŭ֮ˣħʿ㵹֮еĴܣҲܻѰԭ򣬹ϲˣѾԤ֮ӣҲΪһ֮İһԶŴ񣡡
ǰȻںϰ񼣾ͽػҰֽ֮壬塢ǿ޸񼣵ϸڣ
ã׼ãһ뿪죬Ҫ޸񼣵ķӣӦôЩ֮ˣռĻʣҪסһ㣬޸֮Уδ˳ɹ㲻ͬߣ粻ܵ£ǰпܵģ
лǰ
ҶͬʱսĿ£Ҷȴɳ񼣡
ǹ񼣣
뿪ת㱻Ǿ׳һĻ𺳡
κ˼񼣣𺳸С
ˣ
߶ӦҶȷԼϢܵԼͬɽ硢һӦ⴩͸κʱգˣռ䣬һֿԼԦĴǳΪ֮ӵе
ûںϣʵ޷Щġ
ֻǼ龻־͸ӦһϤϢ
񼣣
λΪ£߶ǧͼȥ񼣣ҲҪǧʱ䣬ֻҪʱ䣡
ҶȰҵ񼣵Ϣ֪ҲڴޱȣһâҶȼԦǧͼ߶ƴֱƿնȥ
ϴԽ磬;лٳǳأ񼣣ȴû֮ҶȵϢѾ֮֮ͨ޷ӦĴڡ
Լ˸ºһɽ
ͬʱǰǷҲһɽâ΢΢ǰ񼣡
һƿգǰ֮гһڰĹ
ԽԽʵһڽ޵ͷ­ʨͷҲЩͷʲô˫ͫһֱͷ޷Ϩı֮⡣
ıӱһӲӵıǻһĻЩţͷ
ͷǻ
ǰ񼣡
񼣾޷Ҫʮ񼣣ҶҲжٲࡣ
ǰҶȻ˺֣취ںϣһΪ㻤
밢鹵ͨ
΢΢˫ۣΧռɱҶƿأһ֮ڣͻᱻѹ顣
Լ
ӿȼյĺڰ󴦱һ轣ǰ񼣣Ҫʱǽɫǻһ⣬Ȼͷſ죬һھͰѾ轣֮С
Ĵߣӭǰ񼣵ػߣ֣
֮Ǵ֮зɳһȼյħ⡣
ħ֮߳һߴӰһλȫɫëľˣʮɶߣ࣬ģһʮӵò
֣
񼣵ػߣĺ֮ϿԼĽɫǻϢ밽ս࣬ﵽ˼۷塣
ֳ֣Ҷߺһ䣺֣úںϣʲôõģ֮磬һ
Ҷ֣ллΪΪһУһ΢Цħ֣ڿ֮ǰͱħһ֮ͬС
ԭӵдϢֲÿӦǡ
񼣺һַ̣һЦݡ
ѾͨͨҶϸӦʲô
纡ơ硢Ұѹ޲ɹһͻᵮ֮ⳡƽ٣ڱҪѹ޲ɣԺҪںϣ
һ䣬Ҫȫȫ޲񼣣߶֮Ҷȥ


2385 
壡
ƽĺƯʮʿǿߣкʿǾۼһգ峤ȴš
峤ֱԻ첿ͼ²»ԼȻ廹в峤ͷ֮ľͷ
峤ǿ󣬶һЩʿҲܾˡ
ЩʿƺԲͬ򣬲ͬͷһīɫ׿ǰĺһ񶼿Խʱջڼ׿ǺԱ߻һͷӵ壬沿Ƥϸźһɫ塣
󷽻һ
𺣹꿴ȥһʮӣһɫףƤ沿ҲĹƣϢҪΧٺǿ
ͷλǰ
ȴһҶȵʹʴӰҲ磬ϣȭǿ
ѾΪ֮ߣҲҪΪһˣ
ۿʼﶯ˵иֶҶ񣺡ˣ
Ҷֻܳλǰ˴񣡡Ҷ峤ǰһһ
֮֮Ĵߣ˼㶼Ҫһˣݴ㵱𣡡
ͼҲЦǼ˶ҶһҲİŴΰ壬ֳΪ֮˾ҪͿֻ峤Ҷǰ뱣ֹ
ҶҲ㣬峤Ҫ޲񼣡ÿԼλǰ֪˾ǰ׼
˾ںǰѴ·ȫϴˣѾкۼˣΪܣ
ͼҶתǿߣȻʼܵλ峤ʹ³λǺһ峤ȡλĴͳ졮ԼϺƺ
ͼ»˷ľͷҶһһ񣬱ֵǫҪ֪ЩͷΪǴﵽµĴڣҶҲ벻ۺʵ
Ǽľͷʹ³ҶȾ뵽еԹɼʹ³ʵжྪˣ֮ͨʵࡣ
ȣǰҶ뵽ħ󣬿ȵʵħ
ϺƺںѪЩͷ̬һĺҲǺ֮еޡʥޣ֮ͬеʣǺ֮ΪǿĴڡ
ֲúܳưԪ֮塢ͷ޷֮ϣҾ»ܣҶȲ֪ǰЩͷֻǺһִרŸ޲񼣣дڵȺ١
Ȼں֮Уں񼣵纺
һ򵥽ܺ˫˴˶ʼϤຣͷΪ֮ĴߣȻһ߸ϡĿ˵Ĵڣû뵽һƽ׽ˣûмӵ
˽壬һƬûгǳأǿ֮С
֮дйУǿ߰зҶȾѹȣں֮ƽأ˴ͨʵѾˡ
󷨣ڲһŹϢĺˮ磬һ̳Žɡ
ͼܵˣǴ˾ҵȽķ̳Ҫ޲񼣣ͬʱ˾Ҳ٣
Ǿ͹˾ǰ
޲񼣣С£һ󹤳̣ҶȻҪ˾úһ
ȴ֮УӦ֮Ѿ໨ŴԼʥϢ֮С
ٿ
̳Ϸһֱ
ӭˣ
ͼ»ʹ³ȡȾͷӭҶҲ֮⣬ȴ˾١
ɲǼ䣬һ콵ٶһۣ۾ĵӰ֮вζ
Ĵ˾Ҳǵ֮
˾Ŀһ£ҶϣҶȣ
ǰҶ̳֮ϣ˾ʩ
˾Ҷȣ¶ЦݣҲ֮ͲҪǰǰУսӦð޲񼣵ĴϢ˰ɣ
Ҷֻ֪һ֣Ŀǰ֪ôЩ֣ҲУԴҲ
ȻҪ޲񼣣ҵøεģôӴĽ֮ʼ˵Ľ絮֮󣬴ʼںĽƬ֮Уںܳʱ飬ԼʣЩʣֽ˴죡
Ưڷ̳֮ϣ˾кͷڴĿ⣬ҶȽ񼣵չżԣ֮󣬱ʧȥӰ֮󣬴ڲҲγɸֵĻ֮飬ǻʣ֮𽥵̫֮ڤת̫ʥǰȵȵԶŴ񣬺ԽԽ࣬Ƿִ첻ʺϸ鷱ܣˣĽҲһģһƬţʱնûԶŴʼҪҪĻ⣬ԶŴӴ죬뵽õָӵĻߴҲҪȥõܵĻ֮飡
֮󣬴Զʼ񼣣ܶԶŴʧܣҲһ񼣳ɹԽԽ࣬һںϣȥĽ˻ָ˳һʱ嵮Ľ磬ﵽ108ںһ壬һû񼣣ĽҲ˶ʧȥƽ⣬Щ񼣻ĻٴνĽ磬ٴαƣ
ǴףԸص־񼣵֮ΪǿĴڣȱڳ֣ǹɱ˹֮ԼԶŴ񣬴飬ʧȥ֮󣬴졢Ľı仯ˣ硢ɽ硢Լʱʱ̶̿з浮Щ潫ḲĽ磬γĻֹ
Ҷȣ108񼣶ʱǸʱĽʱ񴦴ɼķ棬ڵĽϡ٣ϢʧָӵĻȡҲҡҡ׹ǴҡһʧĽȻĽ֮ڵͨͨɣ˭Ҳ޷ӹⳡƽ٣Ҳ
ҶԼͷ˾ࡢصֻ֮ʸ֪š
ʱ˿̣Ҷȣ峤Χÿһͷü䶼֮ɫ벻񼣶Դ졢Ľ˵Ҫԡ
˾Ҷȣһ޸Դ졢Ľ޷Ҫԣ֮Ƕȱǻʱ޸񼣣лȥȱȥȥͻһУϧ֧ŴĵһԪҲˣԼĽ磬пܶԸ
Ԫ
ҶܣҾսҲδӦӵдԪϢ
ͿʵԪʧˣˣ
֪治ֻ֪ܿ϶ԶŴս֮ǰԪڴ죬ԶŴսԪĽͨһͬʧˣĽͨǱ硢硢ɽ飬ǴԪ治֪ʧģдԪҲڼɵ


2386 ޲
˾ָⷬҶȴɻ֮֮ҲԴԪ˽⣿
ԪǴĴڣҪĽ硢죬ԪĽĸԶŴ񼣣һԭҲǱԪԶŴʼһ֮Լ֮µǿ߶ԪԼ֮
Ԫ̵֮һ콫ᵮ̺ĻﵽһѭҲǴֻصȻ򣬶ƿص֮Ҳƿأ½֮еϽǿߣǿľͷմǿ֮֮Ԫһѭѭ
벻ԪҪԣ
ƽ٣ҲԶͨԪйϵû˵ΪѾ䣬Ϸ̳Ҳûжã޷ǰԤ֪̫ܣˣߣ־γɣĳַ˵ĻĻҲǴĻ޲񼣣Կնɱ塢ԼȲΣϣҶȣĵӺأ
˾ζ̾ڴԪЩ֮Ҳ޷ȥģֻͷԼǲܸںϣշ֮֮ƿش죬ʵΪԪ񼣣
˼һᣬҶʵԭˡǰ޸񼣵Щ裿
˾ǰһͷȾҪۼӵǣҴﵽµʿ㿴ǰЩǿߣǺ֮УӵǿĴڣ
ΪΣҶѡ
񼣵ʣǻʣҲǴĽ֮γɵĻʣЩʺܹϣûҲΪ̵ĴڣһںʾγɷıݣˮݣԼһЩϷâ̫񽣣Զŵ֮ԶŴռʣһӡһͷԼѡʣΪûκϢӴ֮ܵ󣬾̰ԶŴ䣬ŵһ񼣣
˵ǺЩǰ޲񼣣Ǵ󲿷ֶҪ˶䣿
̬ӵģļԪѾһٵʱԶŴʱûôĽ綼һƬޣֻԼ񼣣ʱ紦ҲʿģˣЩȻ£
ֻʣΪο£ôԶŴ䣿
Ľ֮ĽʣʾǸֻʣںϣͻᵮ֮飬ֻҪ֮󣬾ͻΪصвϣ򵥵˵ʾˮֻ֣ˮϣŻᵮıʣҪܳΪԱʿõʣ
ˣ
ڴôһ£ʱɨǰһǿߣҶȸоԼĵӣѹʼ޷
һ޲񼣣оͷǰδϣΪ޲񼣣ʵһС
һΣһΡ
ҶҲҪһΣǾǲЩͷ䣬صĴۣҪġ
ˡ
Ҫ㣬һںϴĻʣ̫ΪԴΪ̫һԪڶǽ̫һԪںϣ޲鴦
˾ϸϸĵҪķֱϸڣ̫һԪʮּѣĵȻǳˣ̫һԪںϣ㻹ҪںϣܳΪһ֮
лǰָ㣡ҶԴ˾ʾϾ⡣
̳רΪ̫һԪƶɣʹźʿ﹩ʣ֮˵ʱҪǴ塢ǿ߲룬һԶŵǿУ̳֮зӡЩ꣬׼Ļʣ㿪ʼɣ໹ҪصȱڣעһһɹƳ̫һԪսںϣ
Ѱ塢Щʿ壬ӡ̳֮£Ҫʱ򣬾ʹЩ壬ǻԶŴԼ֮У˵ң
˾һںͷʧ֮С
λͷ
ͼ»밽峤֮
ǿߣǴﵽŽλԲĴڣڷ̳ΧγԲΣӡ֮һÿһвͬ״
֮ϣɲǼʹӷ̳ըһâԼһͷУɲǼ䣬̳֮ϳֽٵ
峤ͬҶ̳룬ֻһЩڳͬʣ̳֮ӿ֡
ЩɫûйûûһϢĽ絮֮ʱϢ
ԽԽ࣬γһСɽЩʶ֮ףΪ󲿷ֻʶϢγɸʣʿ˵ԽԽ٣ҲǺ޷񼣵ԭ

һâҶͬʱӿٻʣЩǰսռģ޵ҲһЩ
շ̳϶һɽ׸ߣȥһɳѻɵɳɽ
ˣֻҪڴ˵ȴʿʼո̫һԪҵִУ
Ժ𣬰Ҷȹ֮ͼ»˺ףͬʱҲΧ
󺣱Դںģ
ʮһͬӡ
ˡ
Χеӿһǿߣ֮ϣ֣ʱ˿ǿʼȼճһڲͬĻâ
ɻâȲҫۣҲƽâȼţܿҲΪһȼ״̬һͬȼգƬ·ȼա
ȡ
̳֮еĻʴɽʼһɹɻΧ
ѰʣھѱͷŵȼյǻʾˮͣǷֿģƾȼն޷ûʲ
ôǿ޷ʣǿͷŵĲǵ𣬶̺ȻͨǵԴڻʡ
Щնɱ֮ȴ޷ȼջʡ
ҶһֱƯ̳ǰͬ峤ûвȥ
ҲˣԹӽǣŸ׻жԶԸκϢʶųġ
ҶȻںϣԼڷõ޴ʱĻ档
Զ󲻶ڻʣԼľѪȥʣ´䣬ղܽɹ
жԶŹ񣬰װʧȥҲδɹƳ񼣡
䣬ʮȥ
ȿȣ
ҶȿһֻһǿߣѾ۵Ժһﵽ״̬
ٿ󣬾峤һҲ۵ùǺˣôʱôϷ̳Ҳδûʴɽںһ˿˿
ֻеȴ𣿡
һͷΪ޲񼣣˳صĴۣҶвζ޲񼣱£ȴôǣ
ؼδõرƺװ˷˵Ѫûһջ


2387 ʬ彽
ȡ
ʴɽڻ֮ȼţⲿںϣϸȥֻڲϷȼհˡ
һڻȼţԭǻʱȻȼյһµĺˮȼʱĻ硣
һٶȥ
ĺϷ̳ͨ޷ʣҪԶʱ108εġ
оͷ۵òУȫʴɽǵŬûлκλر
ȥǿ߾Ҳ޷ѻ
ٵȥˡ
ͷŸӦַ̳ӡǧߺľͷʬ壬ЩʬΪǾŽλ񣬲֪˶ꡣ
Щͷʬ壬Ǵ˾´ӴۼΪľǸҶ޲񼣡
ռ䡢ͨɣߡߡߡ޽ߣҪƬʱеΪãʣ
װ׵ȥֻһܣÿһͷ
ҶȻɳһϷӡ֮޽ߵһƬ޴ʱգǺ塢ˮͨͨҶǰ߿Ƭռ䣬ʼӿͷ
ô£
þ˵䣡
Ƭۼ
ֳÿһͷ˲ϢΧľ˱仯ԶӿڣһõͷŵĻңһҲ𽥻ָ
ϷҶȣͷǲⶼҶȵľ
ǶΪҶһλʵôֻ֮ˣҶȵʵͳǣһ˼Э顣
ҶȵĺҲҪ񣬲̫ģӵжʣ츳Ұˣ̫
ʣ
Ц
׼޽ߣҪæҿΧռȻ
ȥҶȻ̯ģֻ׼񲽶
׼һͷԼʴɽͱ𺳵˵ͷ޽ҶͷŸĸӦӦжҶȾܿƶĿռ
֮׼̲סʵʣۼôͷһ𣿻Ƴ
ҶӦƷ޲񼣣¼ҵĹӦ֪ЩƳİɣ
֪벻û޲񼣣֮󣬸˿޲¼Ҳ⣡
˲޲ҲУ
ЦЦҶȼƸʿ
Ȼ֮£֪Ƭʱڷεȵľ˱仯
̳ڵƬ棬ԼΧ桢ˮ涼캧ˣԽԽ񣬾ҲŤ˺ѷ籩
ಣ
籩֮У塢ʿǱӳˮٿգѾûжٲɫâƬط·ͬ٣һ
֮ռ䶼˺飬ҲûаȻ·ˮһƬ죬ຣˮˮʼڣһЩ͵ӴܵĺһӴһ汻
ˮط·ԤʾĩٵĴ

ûãǳɫĺ֮£ͻȻһɾ޴ĺ
˵תͣܿγɰ޴ĺƬжһ𣬶ҰյĿռ䳹׽飬ɺͬʱҲΧռжն٣ֱǶħ
ռͬһֱ֮УԽԽҰûжâҲڲˮҲʧ
ΪҶȿƣ뷨̳֮С
Ǻģ̳Χնӿһǿں󣬾֮ͨʣڵõҶȰǿǲ֮ǰǰǱ
ȣȣ
ĺȻá
һɾװĻͻȻӻʴɽбһЩʿΪǣɢڰ֮С
²峤»ϲظߺʼһ֣
λˣȻʿʼҪһѸںϣҪͷŷ̳·ЩԺǰ壡
ϣڿϣˡ
ÿͷ¶οЦݣϷҶȿʼһжоͷƣ״̬ûилʣҶȴһ̳ΧӿһС
֮У澹Ȼһ޴ĺͷʬ塣
Щͷ̬вͬǿߣҲ塢ȵȵĺʬ壬ÿһӵдѪеĺʬ׾޴
ðϢóߣ첻񼣣ǽԶ࣡
кͷվƯȼյ֮У˫ֺʮϵ߶ģΪâһ߾ߺͷʬںϡ
꣡
һߺͷʬʴɽ̼䣬Ǽޱȵ壬˲俪ʼȼգΪѪʼڻʴɽʣʶ£ЩѪʼա

ǵڶߺʬ׹ʴɽѪ𣬾øĻվѪԼ
ЩûбںϵĻʣʼվѪȼգûбںϣѪڿʼʼӵӵϢʲǱģ¶ȡ
ҶȾϲؿһĻźʬ岻ϱںϣܸӦ͸ŵĸϢɹˣڳɹˣֻҪʱںϣҪΪ̫һԪ׵Ķ࣡
׼ҶȾΪˣ㵽ʲôˣʣ񼣰
񼣣̸ף޸񼣣Ҫ˴ۣ񼣱ȻҪĻʣǵĶҲûжĻʣ޲Ѿң
񼣣׼Ҳ̫ˡ
ʣԵ񼣡
ȻʿʼϷڽһʬ壬ʬԽ࣬Ҷ˵ѹԽ١
ʱʴɽоΪһѪʵѪɽ𲻶ȼţʿʼںϣɳ״γС״ںȥΪ᲻ɴݵĹ壬ӲȳκǾҲȲϡ
һǧߺʬ壬ȫΪѪʴɽںϣɽСһЩʻΪʧ
ʺϡ٣ҲУʧǺɫĻʣΪ˾ѪͨϢҲɫʣʵɱ䣬ĵ̡
Ľ磬Ҳʣ죬ɴ첻γɻֶԼʡ
ʮȥ
Ҷ̧ͷžķ֣ϷǺ棬ˮʧˣ
ʵкˮ֮еնںϻʣˮ̺ʣգºˮˮҲ
ȥƬˮһ״̬뼸Լף֮ˮ򣬻״̬Ҳϱա
Ҫʼ̫һԪ
ʴ󲿷ѾںϣӵϢѾԱҶơ
񼣣ͷ̫⣬ںϡɵĲ񼣡
ҶȳֵʱˣҪͷŴ̫ںϣ̫һԪ


2388 ȱ
Ҷ뺣ھͷЯֺ̫һԪ֮ʣһѾõķ籩
â⡣
סԭۣʮߣʱ֮ݷ꣬ˣҲƯһȴš
֣֮Ѿϣ֮Ҫ뿪ǵȴĻѽǰιȱڣҪǿ㣬׽ٻܵһЩƣ
˻ۣĿ֮ȼһɱ⡣
׵һᾡȫɼƻȱڣ
ף
תʩ֮󣬹סԭ۴ŵӵضҶ֪Ҫ쿪չƻÿͷ϶ơ
ƣޱߣ
âǰ˽ӡ֮һƻΪһ磬Ϣʹâ磬ڼ̵ˮǰ
۾̾Ǵµݣ
ϧôԪȥԽԽ״̬޷˺ƽٶԿעģ
˼߶ƣˮںʱƾͻΪһŻ˸ϽŻ
գۼ䣬ھͷѳڴãã֮С
˼ӡƿصĽ磬˷߿գٶȲ̫죬Ҳ̫ܴ߶ƣô˽Ȼһ֮Ҫڴ촩ٶȻֹˡ
СõǿϢ֮Ӧ
Լ̧֮ͷԼϿյľͷâĻʾ˷Ȼ󲻶ϴڷա
ǰʱͣŲͬɫâ硣
˿£һࡣ
â绯ΪĻһ㱣죬â󷽣Լ̵ˮݣͷϷһﵽʮ޴ڿնͻأسˮ֮Уڿնֱһâӡն֮޷졣
նȻγɣпڲ룬Ǳʲôһӻɣǿն֮ĺڰУʱʱһŤĺӰ
Ӱһֱˮڿն⣬пƴݵĿֲ֮ЩԶŴܣ¡
жֲԭۿˣʵȱڣ
һ£ɫӦǵģԶŴս֮ǰ֪ΪΣıݱһؾ飬֮ԶŴսҲǿȱ֮ĺӰȸ泬ԽĴڣʱΪ˫ͷħ֣
˫ͷħ֣һֱڹݣǴıݣĽݣҵʱʱдضЩ˫ͷħڹıݣ
ĮаЦҲգ˫ͷħֱǵĵˣڳΪõĹߣֻҪǴȱڣ˫ͷħַŽ첻ǵͻ飬ǵֻҪռ췲硢ɽ硢ɣ
ЩԶŴ񣬴ǿľͷǣЩ˫ͷħֶֽģֻҪǷŽʻ˭Եֵǣ
Ҳ¶Цݣṵ֮̈ȴҲó˫ͷħֵĿ־塣
׼֣֮󣬴󲿷֮뿪ֻʣˣڿơǺ󡯣Ƹոķ󣡡
ֻ֮ԶŵĹ֮ʮԪڣΪ֮Ĵڣһǿߣ
ͻȻ֣ھͷߴֱ֮񼣵ġϾʿ񼣡ʥϼ񼣡ϼ񼣡񼣡Ԫʼ񼣡ʼ졯񼣡桯ʵǿд󲿷ֻӵл壬츳Ҳֲܿ
ǶŹ
ȻźһУ
Ѿ׼ʮԪȻҪչжһɹ
˵꣬ʼͷһ־ȱ·һ󷨡
ȱ֮¡
â֮УӰƯÿһ֮ΧһЩ⣬඼ɽֻмٲͬ
߶Ǻ󱣻ȱڣߴ֮Ҳ֮סȱڡ
Զһ˾ߡ
ˡ
һΪ޵ߣ˫ͫ
߲֮âȵۣӵе֮ƣ߿Ϊͨһֽ벻𲻼ŵζֻһصīۡ
𣿡
ͫ·㡣
ҲȴԪȻҪҪף赲ƻˣ
ԭǿ񼣵ף
λϷߴ֮Уĵ֮һλȶ֣͵ϮףͬʱƻǺ󣬲ˣ쿿󣡡
·У˶һ̴˿Ϸâ
ˣ
â֮Уߴ֮ڱͬһַӡͷţ֮УߴͷâѾںΪһ¯
ʱƻƽ⣬Ȼߴܵش
˫ͫʼȼŨɱ⣬˫ۣͻأػһԲһġ桯֣ͨͻȻʧţ
Χͷͬʱʲô
Ϊʱ
䣡ɭɭЦɲǣʧ֣Ťظ֣Ȼըµıը֮Ƚը飬Űͬһͬ𷭡
ͻͻͻȱ·޴â羪˵ؿʼֻζڲĴըȻ޷󣬵ѾкܴӰ졣
ɱ
Ǻ֮⣬߶ƽӡִŻ˫ȭ
ಣ
סԭۣʮ֣ɱ֮У˿Ϸ֣ȥԸȱ·ӡԪɵģȱϷԶŴսʱԶŴµķӡֻҪӡǼƻͳɹˣ
ಣ
ֳޱ飬ԱߣͫȻ¶һݵЦݡ
ƣ
ȶǺϷâӡһƺȥӡȻһ鱻ץ顣
ˣ֣֮βͷںЩӡһϷɾƽ磬²ʮ֮
Ȼˣã
˫һϣͣ¹ͻȻ䣬һӰӰȥһɽ֮ϣӴƽٶ
Ȼһɽɽ֮ɽ壬ɽʯ񼣣
־ںϣ
񼣣ɲһƯʯϷһ̳¡
Ԧ񼣣˲Ͽȱǰ
䣡
·Ǻ֮У˵ıը
Ĺסԭۣ
ŭɶķŭ̱֮
һŭ֮ҵ֮еǰȻıĻ֮ˣҪ֣ȱ𣿡
ı˵ǺıҲԣѾЭ飬ֻҪǰȱڣǿӵз硢ɽ磬ֻҪɹƽ٣Ϳ磬һŲţ
Ĵ֮У񼣵סͷŻƣӱըֶ֮


2389 â
ֶΧǹסԭۣۡԼʮͷ
ǰâ֮У֮
Ͼʿʥϼʼ뵤֮ÿһͫжԼŭ벻һԶŴȻƿߣ硣
񼣡ǴʮԶŴ֮һ
ʵԼţǰ֮޷ȵġ
Ȼ硣
ֶЦǻѡ񣬼ҡҡ׹Ĵ죬Լ磬ǿԴĻʣ֮ǰɽ硢֮еԿƽ٣
һͷ׵ǵˣͫɫ׹⣬񼣵ףϾʿȻȵˣǴʿأ
˭ܵǵЩϣ˾ˣǶɹ٣ǿ紴񣬵ռ䣬ʱҪʲôʲôΨһģףĻᣬһȱ飬Ҳûлˣ
߳
֪˵֮꣬УͻȻһµ
㲻ǻһĴһҲûУ뱾֣һƿֻʮԪϣ
ɱľӶ

֣ԱһһȭͷŵϢɫ𣬵סԷµľ
ԭ˲ײһ˫ͬʱ˺һɵĴ󺺣㵵һɨԭۣ벻һףʵ
û֮Կʵףֺαԭ۾ػӦһ
ǲ֮ж֣ǽֵƻһͷϼ˴һ
ϼͷţݺױϼ񼣵ףϼ
ߣ
صӪ֮У֮ͬʱһȺǿУҪ˱ƳǺ
ܱƳȥһ뿪ǾͿٻ񼣣
׶֮ϵâơ
סԭҲŵͷ׷ͷŵƣΪһ֮
֮״ľͷɲǼɱһԼ˳ûâ󷨿ռ䡣
ˣ
Ͽգ
ʮ֮ͷŵķԼâȱ·Ĵںһ
֣
񼣵ˣеؿ١
һܳɹһ˭赲ңٴЦݣ˫ͫӵκι󣬾ա
һâŷٴһץΪâץסһˣطһӡ
β
ۿٵĿץסâҪȱ·
˵ʱʱ죬һɫľӰմβӰͻȻɨһӲӵβӷǰѹ
Ĵ˾ϧǳɳǰĸ߶ȣҽ֣һС棬̫ˣ
ӵЦȻβҲٶȻβɨ֮ʣ˫ͫµĺâѸײڶ֮ץסβȻת˳һ˦С壬ɾ޴˦
Ǻεȵʵǰͷŵââ磬ʲôĽ˾֮󣬷һηɳһǰ׳âͬ޼᲻ݵĳìȱµĴ
âȭ
ȭӡǰգ޼᲻ݵâ
񼣵Ϣϧľ绹δﵽԲС֮赲ҵǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ټǻΪâȭȴ֮ԱǵЦЦ
䣡ââȭӡ˲飬ͬʱ۵һһӣ𿪡
񼣵ףţ
ͻͻͻ
ʧȥ˾ŵٵ˳ƻȱ·ķһʱذâȻʮ
һУ͹ȱ½һķ
̫ˣǿףã
񼣵ˣʹߺһ֮ͷĹ߶񼣿ƴֲϵһˣο֮µ޲
ã߻Ϊҷ٣ֻһͷߣΪҪǵıϢΪǻΪǰͽǵģⲻ֪һжҵļƻ֮УǼƻߣʵǵȴȱ飬һжʧ
ٿâȻʼתŷٴӶâʼһӡ֮УѴ󷨺飬ֱȱڡ
Ŷ̶̲㹦򣬵ˣɱˣ
ۿپҪ֣һ޵һ񷴫
ɫ䣬֮ǰǸĿˣ֮Ҳ𣿡
ҡа
һȼյаâͻȻգһа֣ͻͻͻǿץڷƵâ֮ϡ
а񼣵ףаұһ𣬿ץסâϵĴ֣ǴԶŴԶŴʸ뱾֣
ʲôһеʵ޷ˣ
аһƢ֮ٵâֺ䣬һһ۵ӳˡ
һаϢаеס
а
а֮еߣҲа񼣵ƿߣ밢һͳаħԶŴ
ҲǶǸֳаȴû˿ŭ𣬲֪Ϊ־£ܱ侲
ಣ
Ǻ䣬а֮ʣа󷽷ʮӰʮ֮ˡ
ˣ
ٲԶ˾ɱ˻һѪķţаԼ֮ɱֹٵĲ˾Ŷ¶οЦݡ
ҺǰֹˣСߣ
ʮ֮УһӰӵԶϢһһλŮӣаԱߣ¶һŲʮ꣬ȴգ˫üǳɫҲһۡ
񼣡Ŀڳ෢Ůϣֱʱͫһ˿ȡ
񼣵ˣȡºڽԭһѮߣ񼣵ףߡ
ͬһһԶŴ
߼ǳ෢ŮӣѪֹǣ²ԸҵؽʱѾΪ
񼣵סѪ欵Цؽ磿ߣҲʲôɫƾЩ֮ΪУֻռм񼣰ˣǲ֮ıԴ
䣡
ʱаһץҪѹ㣬Էٵâץ飬ӡ
аɲɫһ䣺㵽ʲôˣʵǿףҪ֪ЩԶŴ񣬶ﵽʮԪҵĴڣ㲻һ
ǿ֮Ҳʶһ߸ӿµĴڡ
٣߼ȻĻͷ͸𹥻ȱڣϷ٣÷ȱڷӡ
ⲻոսͣٵʵ֮
аѾһԶŴʵ֮֮УǶĴڣʱٽ֣ȻƾУ̫Ѱ
󷽿ԼǬ֮Ҳ޷š
˾Ѫ֮ӪУѪעһâڣŵɫŻת


2390 ʵ
֮ʵѾһ죬һء
аЩԶŴʵ˲˰ɣ
аͻϮƵâٵʵСаһץûץٵ
ٵ䳰һұһеâͻȻһȼգҰа䡣
ȻˣжǿҲһأ
ԷľͷѪаתλãȼյâָΪһ콣̵â
߳߳
âض˶һ콣
ȻԴУǰλֵǻøӹϵԶŴ޷һǿߡ
ٿ
콣·һԳ
ˣҪҷͻػⷽ棬ȻҵĶ֣
Ѫ˵һ콣׾Ͱ赲ɱҶһȻѹ

Ҫâһ֮зؾѪ
ͬʱҲѷѪͷŵĽֵסԶŴĽҲûн飬ѹǿʢơ
ΪӰѪ
ٳô˻ᣬָһץƹȱ֮еķӡһαú䲻ͣ顣
ģΪЩ֮û취
ӡ飬Ѫ涯ŭˣüȼɱֻһһԳƿն֣γɵƣֱӰΧӰ飬ſһ磬һɿڻһе𣬰âڵĿռ䡣
񣬽ɱ
һϵĴаԱߣʮ֮Ҫ١ߡ֣һ֮ͨԼ١
ӡ
߿񼣣ʼ
˾߽ӡŭɶߣ죬ͽ˽Կ񼣣ʼɶ
һûʸԱָֻţ
֪߽ӡ֮Ǿ޴֮УͻȻͷһââֱͬӺʮ֮Ҫ٣ֹЩ֣÷ٽһȱ·ķӡ
ҶԶŴ񣬸ñ㽻֣
аԷͷӪԴɱâץһаâǵ֮ǿк֮ϡ
䣡ԶŴ֣ʾԶŴ
аűըԷߣ񼣵ߣ˿ɵûд߶񼣵аЦа㲻߶񼣣˲ܵ񼣱ң
Ϊһ޳ܣ񼣣ÿһ񼣶һ֧Ŵķһ񼣣ͻһ֣ⲻǸպø˵᣿Ҳóѣ
аɱƶһδν֡
ɱСӣ
Ѫ뼸ԶŴ񣬴֮ΪӪҲٵҪһͬնɱ٣޲ӡ

һаԿһŽӡ֮еʯ񣬴ͫһââʱϯʮ֮

֮һĻоʹ
񼣵ػ죬κһģ֪ͷš
žžž
ְʮ֮赲
һ׷ߣһֱѪнʱվҵó汾£ѹ񼣣ѹ񼣣ҿ赲ǵ
߼ǰ׷ߣŭϲģ
Ҳǰ׷ˣҲ赲ڴˣǿҲ޷񼣣ҲͷĹ񼣣һ񼣸Ķ֣
Ըǣ಻ô߶񼣣
˲䣬ʮ֮񡢷ѪΪģаһסߣֻ˷׷׽ӡ
ϣͻȻѪ
ľ
ʮ֮ŷѪӡ֮һɳɫĺȳԼ٣ͬʱϯ
޷
żˣ
ʱʩչʵʱ򣡡
ȻûκζݣǺͷŸͬͷһͬǹ
䡭
ͻͻͻ̫ˣ񼣵赲ٵ˲ͱ飬ԼٸǶ
䣡
ۿҪԼ٣һϷͻȻƿնȻըγһȼյԲâͬһںסΪߡٻա
񼣣
֮
ΪҪߣѵҲĻƿߣ
һͻأٵķȻǣʮ֮Ȼ񼣵ֲϵҲ̫ס
ʮ֮ˢˢڵҷ

ʮӰ۶֮УȻ֮ӵеƿϢӰһֲľͷ
֮һƿնһˣɫۣоĵ
ԱˣҲһλλ֮˵ǵ̫ˣѪĲࡣ
ô֮һ߶񼣿ɲˡ
˾һ֮㡢㡢㶼񣿿߲ƿߣ㱱֮ǰɣ
ʮ֣бϷЦǱɣڲ֪Щ˰ɣд˾㾹ƻļƻ㣬Ҫ´ȱڣ׾٣
˾ѵı߸֮ƻ޴Ӱ졣
ǰ׷ߣĹ񼣵ףü֮ԶŴԶŴս֮УºպսϾͷҪףһȱڴ򿪣Ҳ޷޲
֮㡢ҡаѪ߶ԶŴ񣬶Ԫ֮ĩѵ͸ĺƽĽѾӺǰʼִ棬ܸıʲôʱΪԼǣ˵ֻеķݣ
ͻȻһʲôͽ
һ˴Բѣ֮ŭˣһĴڡ
ҷȻųΪ֮Ҳ֪Լʹ֮ǴԲѣķһ䡣
񼣣
ⲻ֪֮ˣҲѰͨȻ߶Զŵ񼣣񼣣Ƿǳ񼣡
ˣ
һɽɲǰѱ֮ǿߣȫУ٣֣ץסᣬȱڣҲֻסһʱ䣡
ѹ񼣣
񡢷ѪаٴδŴ֮ӡ֮Ѿ߶ڿռ䣬𵴡
޷
Ҳ߶񼣵
ˣû֮ϵȱʱٴ飡
赲֮Ĺ
ٵұ۾ȻΪɫâҲʧȥ˹ޱȣŷٷӡ󣬺ɫ鲻󷨡

һ֮⣬ٿȻӷٵǰɱ
ǡ񼣵Ϣ
üͷһ壬ӼŤһ飺ۣ赲ң
һ֪Ǳ𣿡𺳡
ͬʱһǺɫȻʼ顣
ǿ
ͻȻһȫΪɫһֱӰѾ飬ҲǾӰ𿪣¡һɫȻ͸˱ȱڵ󷨡


2391 

ԷٵĺɫǱ񼣵ġۡ飬һ֮ͨ󾢲ְ𿪣Ѹײڶ֮ƣɫ֮Уǽȱڷ󷨴顣
ֻδȫѰˣ
Ѿȱ𵽾ԵĻ
ӰۡʢŭѣӶ󷨷֣֮һݵĳӡ
ۿǴӡĺɫ㵲ѣ㵽˭ˣһˣۺķ
ٴݿڵۣ񼣵ߣԶŴ֮ͬһʱڵĴڡ㻹ǡߡԶŵ壡
ΪζԱ˽⣿
Ϊ֮˭֪Ĵڣֻһû㣬ҲĿȾ
Ǳ֮ߡЩİɣ
ɣ
ˣ̫ˣƣ
ٿȻһΪȼյӰĿǴ󷨵ĺɫ

˵֮ٶȣڴ˿ɼģۻԶŴҪٶȣ˭ȣ
ǷķѪԼԶŴ
ʱȴһɫһˣһȭ۵ľײߣѹ٣÷ұ۵ָȲɫ롣
žž
۰һƣǲƿصĺɫ̫ˣúɫһζֳƺۡ
ٿٿٿ
ۿɫ۵֪ɫʼζΧƺۺܿʧˡ
뱱֮սͻȻȵ֣ɱСӣԽĹ⣡
ˣ
ӡӿɫâ
ͻͻͻ
Ϸ󷨿ʼ
̧ͷ򶯵񷣺񼣣
һͷâɽ֮ƽٶ֪ٲһ򵥵ʵ̫ǿҪֹˣ뽫֮նɱ赲ȱ֮⣬һȱھΣˡ
ˣ
񼣽ۺ󷽣ֻ۴ӡ޴񼣺¡һ·ȱ֮µںϣ񼣣ǿжסȱ·ķ
һκҪƻȱڣҪ֣񼣶֣ڷڷӡ֮еĺɫֻҪܵٿƣȱʱûв
񼣶סȱڣѪа۵֮ڲٵķӡ󷨵İȫ
ӷ٣ˣǱΪ飬֪Ϳȥ硢ɽ硢罫һ𣿱ᣬ֮ܵƻ󣡡
ٲмƻҪҵĶҲԣиﵽĿģۣԶŴȷʸҽ֣ɱСңСĲնɱҲҪ𣡡
Ȼ֪ڸģҲٸκλᣡ

ʯ䣬ƿɱٵǰʯ̶Եѷٻ˺顣
䣡
չһ˿ɵƣۿ⣬һһʽ۲¡
λף
·սǺ֮УԼʮͷ֮֡
֮߶񼣣ѹԼǿߣһ˫һֱγɽŶԿ״̬
ڣͻȻסԭۡ۴߳ڶλּʵҲԼô֮Ķ֣
˳𲨶սģϽĿģƻȱڣھȥһ֮
ҪЭסЩ֮
ʮͷ۵糸֮󣬵Ѿƿն뿪Ǻ
Ϸһս֮֮赲
аĿգŭڵĺãҪ֧ԮСӣԸۣ
סԭۡۡ
֮޲ðףƤҪһУûˣҲʧˡ
λȰѱ֮ߡ֮ѹͷ񼣣ӵԼ취Σ
۾𿪷֮󣬿֮磬ȵҲ̫ڤ̫ڤӵе񼣣ڴݺᣬڴֻбѹˣ
ױȭۣ̫ڤͬʱڵľͷǴеΪǰǰΪ벻ǲԴ֣ѵеùĺƽ𣿻ҵȫ磬ɽ硢ؽ磡
֮ܵǵĹƻ󣬴Ӷ񣬱ԼԶŴ񣬵Զı䣬ôڣҪΪһվΪҲź
ۣ˵ĺã˵ĺãЩҲһ뵱ôһһ뿪ǣǹ֮ǿߣΪĽ䣬׳ԼһУҲҪһֹ
棡
ϹŶ׷Ӧ
סԭۡΧһͬʵֲۣ֣סۣ˶Ը񼣣
׵Ҫ۷ָ£ͷλ
߳
˵֮󣬷ٵ˫ֳֹɫֱ۴ӵһЩɫ·޵·ࡣ
Ȼһ塣
壿
˭֪ǲǣ
¡
ϹŶ׷񼣣ٷ۵糸Ļ׿񼣡
һ챾Դںϵģ
ʲô֮
ȻǿԿƴ취ľͷ
ѪаԼ֮Ϊһֱûд߶ʵ
ڣԵףԼǿصķ٣۱ͷ֮赲Ĵͷ񼣶ȱڷҲ޷֤һʧ
ˣ
۵徹ȻӿһЩԪΪƴһˮƣΧռԼ棬һͬ
ಣ
ƿնȥ
žžž
ת˲䣬һǰָһΧΪ潣ݵس˴̳

һͬһɺưķԴ赲֪潣ʵڰԵޱߣʼкƷʱֻǰѺƷѹƣĽƷԿ
֮ʵ
ô֮ڴ޵еס
ƣ
ϯټʱ֣˫ƵҷȻ˳һƣ׾Ťֱӳǰ
ʲôռͨ𣿲֮ȴûиӦƿصĲȻѶԸģ
۾ؼһĻʵЩϣԭףҪˣնɱٻһС
ǻΪã
ֻٻӶұۣЩʧķ潣ִΧ̳
ˣ֮Ч
һâӿ潣â֮ϣ׷׻Ϊ˷棬ǹ̬˫ͫĺȻһķ棬Ϊһ׹䣬͵ѹ
ףҲǶ񼣶ֵģ
ͷųתĳһơ
һ̺ܣƶΧ֮еķ泾һľơ


2392 ֮
̫ˣǴȻ
ͷų˾˹֮۰գףϽӦöþ֮ɣ߶
þ֮Ͽշơ
ڤȼգ
þ֮
ƺû뵽Ҫȥ߶ʱͬʱһƣּæӡں֮ͻȻһȼյĵâ
ͻͻͻ
ƺݺݻеâǵâȻͬСɣ׵ȻѷƸֵסˡ
ۣ
ֵǵֵ˻ܲס֮ôĹ䱻ѪҲסƣѸ͵ؽӡ
¡¡
âȻΪһֻ֣ȻǷץһźɨһз棬Ѿƿʼ˺顣
ۼһĻ̾ȻХǵףòþ֮ҲܿϷ򣡡
͡
֪
˵꣬һɿµĺâ۵ı̳֮ۺ󱳡
һѪ
һԶŴ񣬾Ȼˣ
Һ÷̣ںϣ򲻽ˣʱ߶һ֮󣬷ٱɷôӺֶ

벻ͨΣôʱ䣬֮ǰĹȻһŭ֮䣬滯ΪӲӵͬ籩׹١
ʱ࣬ҪסۡһмԶŴδ֡
ٽӡ֮Χռ䣬ΪںɫǷҲһգۼپͲˣЩ깥ռ䣬һжˡ
䣡
סԭۡףȻҲ֪컹ԶŴδɱϾҪ֮֮ɱϵԽã֮ɱĿܾԽ
˺Ϊһâ񼣺ȥ
ٽ֣޷һ񣬾ͻᱻ͵Ϯ
ܵ׹һδοʼҵĻζ
ϧ֮һĻ޷߶񼣣ֹס
ÿһ񼣣֮ķҲ֧֮һ񼣣һ֣ʱȵͷƻȱڣҲᱻΧ˫ͷħɱƽ
۶Ѿð˾޴գʧȥһ֧ţҪ֮
ͻͻͻ
żˣܱ񼣣ɲǼ䣬ͷ֮ͨķ滯Ϊʯ׾£
ͨڴ챬˵ͨĽǿߡ
ɡ
ղϾۼķʯ׶ɫ
ĽﶼУҲһһЩ޴Ƭ׹䣬ܶ޷ԿЩʯͷŵľǵףҲҪҵ÷ǡ
һӰϷ
٣
ʯ׹֮ʣȻ߶ϿռͨѴʯ׹Ĺ켣ı䣬Щʯֱӳȥ
ˣΧյķ֮Ҳٵֿʼգһƿ
ɱСӡ
һ㵣벻ͨ˾ܻ⣬ףеĵλ
ã񼣣ۿʯ֮ϣɲǼӡ֮Щʯ׷ʧ
þ֮
˹ͻȻ
ôҪ߶þ֮ѵһֱƻòþ֮Ը񼣣
һʱս֮þ֮ĸ֣׷𺳲ѡ
һνӡǵóѣ
ɱ
ٷӦ죬ǲʯֱӴգʯۡ
ɶ񣬺ı޷ӡۼæܣһʯ޷ӡۿڴ߶þ֮ȴΪ
ں󷽸ߺٴδ߶һ񼣣
ٶ񼣣Ѿܲסֻ񼣿ʼһʯ׺ֱײ
ǰаףͻȻ
գ֮лŤķ棺ˣ
֣ԸСӣ׽𣡡
һ޲
֮㵵̫㲻ڴģ⼸˷󣿡
ӵŭĺȵ棬ߡԼЩ֮һһѾ֮һս֮ǻǵ־Ҫ֪̫𣡡
ããһ֣ٵɰ
۾Сģ񼣵ġ̫𡯣ǡߡԪڣǴ־ߣ֮֮еĴף
ֻԵ󣬻ǵÿһףǼֱ̫ڤֺᣬ̫ڤһڵʮ˲
̫˵֮ƿնԭһˣʮͷһԽüƤʮֵİ𪣬һͷƮݵĳо񷾫ߡ
̫
ʮԶ֮УĽĴڣ
͡
̫֮󣬺ճ֣һƻڵڵİգʱտʼ˺״̬
͡
һУ׾Ȼ˺ֱ֮Ѫ
ٴȵ߶þ֮
þ֮ԴķҲǴѿİһƣ˺֮ʼӿ죬һˡ

סԭۡͬʱһץǵУͬʱһʮɶ೤ĺɫ
ͷаĵϢ֮ϾȻͬϢڲоǴƵķȴơ
̫ڤ
̫ɫأҪߵ񼣣ȥ񼣴飬񼣵ƬΪԴʮ˲ֽƬֲʮ˲֮УõԴӵƬ񼣵ľþ֮Ǿ㣬һʧԱĽ磬ĺᣬ㴫ȴҪΥ־Ľ磡
ݣþ֮Կ񼣡ܾˣٴʱУЦš
𣡡
׻Ӷþ֮ȥ
磡
̫æӡһâǿеǰ
䡣
þ֮
û񼣣һֱȴв񼣣ȻǱڵ
þ֮ʮ˲磬ÿһǿķʱֳ˾ֱ̫ͷŵâ˳֮ϡ

񼣾Ȼ֮
ɶ񣬱첻ϧۣҪ߶񼣣ѹ
̫ŭѣѰѾ޷Կþ֮ʱȻٻ񼣣ԴҪ˳նɱ
񼣣108֮УǰĴڣжǿ
һٻþ֮Ƕ֣

һӰϢڽӡٻ񼣵̫֣һȭֱӺ䴩̫ĺ󱳣ֱࡣ
̫𣬵Ĺ֮񣬶޷赲ңѵʵ֮񣿡ٴӺֶ
̫𣡡
ۡ񡢷Ѫа벻٣Ȼ˵̫
ٵʵıˡ
ҿߣѵ㲻֪뱾ԽԽΣ𣿡̫оûƵġ
꣡
Ȼ΢΢һЦ
͡
һЦоĴҲ
һ֮ٵ
Ѫ𣬷ٵϰ°𽥷룬𺳣ٵʧ¡һڷƬ֮ϡ


2393 ˫ͷħٴɱ
ɱĺãɱĺã
٣̫棬նɱ
Щ֮׷׽кá
񼣣
̫նɱ˷٣ʬҲδһ£Ũɱ׷ӿֲĹ
׼ۺֶԸס
֮ҲӦԾٶŷٱնɱ߿񼣣̫ɱȥ
ͬʱɳһ֮ҲǱ棬ӡ֮һɽ¡һһ
Ȼһɽڲȥһ㣬ŴӨı
񼣣
̫赲ĶֿߣͬһϹŶһ֮ٻ񼣣ŭɶĺȵĪ죬Ҳ񣬿֪³
̫һ߸ϣȻҲ֮ѹɱ֮һѮߣһһңԸۡ
þ֮

סԭۡòŻ۱Īסٴ߶þ֮
ôһֱ翹⣬Ϊʮ˲һʮ˼þ̫֮ڤõƬɵľȻȲ񼣣һֱԴҲ˶٣Ѿ
һþ֮ʹһǵһƿߣ߶þ֮ȷ
ߣ棡
֪þ֮Ȼǿ󡢼̣װ׳ܲþ֮ҲмܲסɲǼ䣬ͬŭʨס
Ȼߴ߶񼣣ռǿһâ޷Խ
ѪѪ𣿡
Ƭ֮ϣƺʬ壬ͷ­ƤȻʼ
ٵͫʼѪѪںڵѪ񷣺þûָоˡҲգ̫ãû壬ҵıǿʱ򡭡Ҹûصȥ
٣
û
̫նΣȻûʵǷ˼
䣡
Ϸַҵıը
ͷ۽֣̫һʱҲĪ߶֮£ڵա
þ֮ͷŵ֮ϡ
˵Ļ躹⣬ϯʣ֣֮Ǵ߶񼣣ôֲĻƣЩƶҪģĴ
޽磡
ִ̫߶ͨ
񼣲ס츳ߡޱߵģͨ취ںϣڵΧռ䣬һʶΪ촷ۡ
ͣ
ɽһʻΪ촷۵֮ίʵ£׷飬Ѫǲδ񼣣һλӳþ֮ޱߵĵڰͻͻͻѹϡ
һ̣ط·޹⡣
ϧ̫񼣣񼣲סҲ׹񼣡
ⳡսѾԽ˻ֻվĽ֮۵ߣſԲ

ٵӣȻˡ
վһ̣֮Լǿ߶һĻˣ֮ˣô
֮治ܷٵֻһߣ֣û°ɣȱڣ
ӱ֮û£û¡֮ﻹм֮ǶԼͷųһᾡԼȱڴ飡
ĳ롭ͷ񼣣Ϸִȱڣ
һ´ս֮зɳ֮
񼣣
񼣣Ԫ
ħ񼣣ħ
񼣣
֮ɱ̫޲ý˵ɱ
˿ɶ֮ȻԶŴ񣬵ʵǷǳǿĴڣеĳΪ֮ﵽʮԪϣǴ첻ɻȱ
ߡ뱱֮֮УΪͽ
Ĺ񼣣
һ֮б֮ߡĪ졢Ԫħˣһ˶ͷų񼣣ҲҪͷ񼣣ǰ񼣶ٻ
һٲٻ񼣣ʵԸ˰˴񼣵
ͻȻʧɲǼ䣬֮гһǹ⡣
һŽɫʱٶվ֮УԵ¶ʥֻ֮ͫɱ
񼣣
̬Ͼ̫Ҳٻ񼣡
ܺãܺãԽԽãһշף
ЦˣЦĺأǷӣ»Цĳ
þ֮
סԭۡٴηþ֮𿪣Ȼڷ֮ϣʼ
Դ
̫񼣣һƵɽֱĪͷŵ񼣷һâס
֣
Ԫħһͬ߶ֶ̫֮ԸףĴ񼣵Ȼ񼣡
̫棬Сģ
߶Ĺ񼣣ߵ񼣲³ϧ޷赲Ĵֵ
䣡
̫ƺҲ֪Ĵ֮͵ϮԼȻˣֻնɱףǺֱӽڵĸ߿գһлΪ촷ۣ÷׷Ѫҡ
񼣣ҲĴ֮У̫ҲһѪ״̬ߣܵشʱ쳣ء
ಣ
޷֮ʣ˶Ϊμƻɹ
˭Ҳ벻پȻԱߣһһץץסþ֮ȫΪںɫ˫ͫҲûͫ
ֹ
̫۶Ҫʲô˻ߴ𣬽֮߶Ѿȱ֮£Į齫þ֮Ѹײڶ֮ڷ֮ϡ

Ҳ󲿷ֶˡ
ͣ
̫ŭһĴ֮߶񼣵Ŀռ䣬׼ȷͷһ֮зٵĺ󱳡
һѪֶٵһѪ

˶ӷ١
ٲǴ󷨵ĺɫһ̣֮ϣȻ忪ʼȼգһɺɫĹ档
ͣ
֮еĺɫ·𱻷ٲľٶ߶ʼȼգ˲仯ΪһɫԲʡ
ǣ
Ǻɫ֮ͨ飬Ǳ֮˴棬ԼͷҲ¶޷ŵģ
ಣ
ɫͨһˣպôȱڣͻȻڶڴ֮ص磬һڶ֮УͻȻµĹ
ЩﾹȻӵͷ­һͷ­ɫ֮ͨС

˫ͷħͨĺɫͨӴڲһγ
ſһΧһ桢ʡ󷨣˫ͷһھҧһӣһ󣬶ҧ֮󣬾ʣһڵĶ棬֮ûκκʣһжڡ

֮֮л
˫ͷɱ죬ⲻҪﵽĿ
ܷʲôݣʲôʽһеģҪлл٣Ƿӣܴȱڡ
Ա֮Ϊ׵İ֮棬Լ񼣣Լľͷæ롣


2394 ʧȥƿ
棡
а׷ɱ֮ˡ
һ֮أָɱ˫ͷħ֣а֣ڵöԸ˫ͷħ֣
񼣣
񼣣
ѹ
˫ͷħΪµĴڣʮҲв
̫֮ۼǱ˫ͷħɵĿ޿ռ䣬ּǺɫͨʼȱ·Ĳϳ֣߶񼣣񼣵Ϊһâ
䣡
񼣴˫ͷħһƬռ䣬ʣһն֮ʣ񼣴âݺݻ˫ͷħ֣˫ͷħҽС
˫ͷħֱУ͸űƣ񼣡񼣾Ȼûнͷ˫ͷħɱֻǿס
еͷս֮Ͼʿʥϼʼ졢񡢷Ѫа˾šǬȵ֮Ҳһ̫ۻ϶
ٿ
֪Ǻɫͨһ𣬴ҡҡ׹
һͷ˫ͷɫͨѹԼͬ࣬ͷ­ֳտĴ죬γɹΣҧ񼣡
𣡡
Ѫ
ͻȻûΪһͷʮɸߵĻˣƿնٶȳ˫ͷħ֣ɹǰһȼձը֮˫ͷħ޷ҷͬʱյħֲ
ɱ
񵱿շʮ֮һͬѹ˫ͷħ֣֮ÿһâ˲Ϣû˫ͷħ֡
ôֵ֮ôֲ
񼣣
ٿ
֪Ǻɫͨ𶯣βһͷ˫ͷħ֣ͷħɫ֮ͨȾΧռ䡣
ȥ֮о¼ǧ״ĺɫն
ұ˫ͷħɵĺɫնԶԶϣ޲Ϊʡ˫ͷħʳûṩԴʱղԶ޲
ʿ֮ɱʱգܿʱվͻϣΪʱնȻκռܿ޲
˫ͷħһжˣоָֻ֮ǰǸ޵ĺڰ硣
ֹʳȥǴ죬Ȼ硢ɽ硢磬ҲӲĽ³
ͣ
ʮ֮ڽѹ˫ͷħնɱһѪΪﱾ˫ͷħڲɱ֮С
񼣣סȱڣ
˫ͷħ̫ˣһͷħֿκ֮죬˭Եֵ
֮˴̫֮۹ͬ߶񼣣񼣷ȱ·󷨣֮Ҳ߶취򣬿ںϡ
¡һ񼣺֮УȻʼ޲󷨣Ȼ޷Ǻɫͨ
䣡
ȱ֮⣬Ǻڰ޵ռ䣬ͻȻִڶʮ˫ͷħֳˣֱӹ޲ȱڡ
ˣ
֧ȱ󷨣ʮͷ˫ͷﲻȱڴȱڶھ𶯣·ʱ飬˫ͷħֽɱ
ĺȻˣȻҪ֮ʱȱڸΪҪٻ񼣣ӹȱڣ
񼣣
ɳ
Ĺ񼣣
ͷ񼣣ͬʱƵĹ񼣣һͬٶĹ񼣸оƬɣ񼣣оûоֻкʡ
֮ٴνӡƴںϣ¡¡һ𶯺񼣳Աߵķ֮УԼȱڵķһ߲١
ô˫ͷħһʱɱ

֮֮ǰνͷ˫ͷħչһ˼ӹ񼣵ķ
ٿ
ʱִǺɫ֮ͨУγһͷͷ˫ͷħ֡
Ѫͷסͷ˫ͷħ֣ȻӺɫͨǹͨ飬ȥҲ޼£
̫׺ȵӡ߶Ĺ񼣣Ǻɫͨ飡
ǳ޼
ӡ֮ȱ֮֮һĹ񼣣ȼǹ棬ͻͻͻɫͨƶ
֮ƴĹ񼣹âԽۣٴνӡ֮ĹֱӴǺɫͨϿգһǿѹȥ
䣡
񼣵֮ṩĹ񼣰Ǻɫͨҵ÷顣
ֳƿ죺ãֻҪնɱ⼸ͷ˫ͷħ֣ʱ鷳
࣬бڣ޷óѣ
ɫ֮ͨʣ֮ͨУȻһޱȵЦ
һ֮оһëȻĿֲϢ
֮гʮͷ˫ͷħ֣ǿʼҧӿ죬󷽳һӣӵƤǺɫģغƣģǡ١
ʮģƴͷŶǣ֮⣬˫ͫȻûͫǺڶһ۾˺ëֱ
˫ͫһģһ
ಣ
ʮͷ˫ͷħӳ֣׷Χռ䣬γһն磬ȥΪ
֮ڴնΧռۼ׷˫ͷħ֡
̫̾ã̫࣬񼣷ȱڣֻܼѡɱЩ޲ȱڣ֮ʱǣ޲ȱڣ
ղǿһսĺܾ޴ЩɱȥǲܽãһʱֶԸ취ϹŶҲдϢᣬʱǾۼһͬԸǸף

֪Ǵն֮е˫ͷħ֣һ֮Ȼֱڴһڶ
ڶ
ɲǴնһаĹڶ
Ӵ˫ͷħֽڶȻǷɱ֮Ц࣬Ȼѽǵ֮ڣǾκβǣܿͻۼȱڣѾҡҡ׹εֵǵĹ
Ǭ֮ӡҪǸڶռ䣬һ¶ɫΪ޷ƹĺڶռ䣿
˾ܾ̾ˣſʱɿռ䣬ڿռ֮еڶǺڶǵͨ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ڶʧʮͷ˫ͷҲʧȥ
ô죿
֮һ޿κΡ
̫ת֮һ¼ӹȱڷһټǿߣ´﷨һ磬һС˫ͷЩǵ磬ģ
̫Ҫú޲ȱڵķӣľͽǣ
Ѫ֮񷡣
ȥֻ֮ʣ̫ۣ̫ӡ֮ͷһԪ֣֮ܵӰ죿
һ޵ٶĵķǳǴ죬Ȼķ˫ͷħֲϹݣȥǲ޸ȱڣֻмַֹɱ
ô죿
ֶסȱڣ߾ǵȴԤ֮ӣں񼣸գ֮Ȱ棬ڴ˰񼣣ʮֻ֮ʣʮˣҪֹ˫ͷħɱ죬ֻи񼣸һ취
ˣ񼣼ǰʱҲӦСֻء𶯵Ϣźܿ񼣸գ
̫棬Ҫ£ǽ֮˴ƿ־ᣬǽƻ֮Ӫ


2395 ̫һԪ
־ҪЩԶŴ
֪ͨаǣʼӡɣǵ־ǽɳ죬߸ıԴ

ˣ
̫ͬʱӡâʱ
񷣡
ڲ뵽ǵ־ϧѾ񼣣ǵ
â˸һӰ
ͷ֮Ǳ֮ԶŴ񣬺ǹסԭۡףһڵͷ
Ī졢ԪħѴ֮ҲӺӿ֡
˴֮ϵâʼɢԶŴ֮Եúܾš
ڰǵ־
Ӵˣֻӵ񼣵ľͷǴ֮Ͼƿش̫ãһֱˡ
أ־ᣬȻκηӡҲʧǱӴûдɣҲ޷졣
Ҫˣȥʲô壿
ʴ˱߲֮һںѾڲˣƿذ񼣣ߵһ޴ȥҲ̫ڤѧϰ԰һµ硣
һУΪǾϰ
׿ԶŴ񣺡λڻ뿪磬Ŀǰƣ컹Ҫһʱ飬ҵÿٽ֮󣬴ӶԴΪԺԿƽ٣ؽ磬ҪԴ
üӶԴսҲûٱҪμӣǵļƻǴȱڣֻʱˣҪμⳡս̫ˣϾѾ죡
ڤǰѶԱйֻҪλ׸ǽ磬ӶԴǿƽ䣡
ƽ䣿
ԶŴ̰֮Ҳ쳣ϲ
Դ
ȱٴԴ֮Ժһ磬ҲҪ˵Դɲף֮˵Ҳ¡
һжٱȴ
ֵλ²˳٣ǱֱɱʮúķõϽ磡
֮׵Ǻãպʮһףÿ˸һмͨҲ٣
ж
֮ɢȥ粻ͬʱգһŴǿߣÿһǿ߶ǴﵽµĴڡ
磬壡
һ޼ʵˮѾɿݣγһУķ̳ȼţһǿƣѣԼеͨںǻʴɽ
ҶϷ۸·ʴɽȼյĴɽʵѾΪһźɳʣ͸ŵΪĻԪ
֮Уͼ»峤Ҳ۵ɫ԰ס
벻̫һԪֵز
ɳ֮У͸һհ̫ڴҶͷŶ̫⡣
˵ǿߣҶҲ۵ùǺҪ֪иʸģЭ޷ߵһ
ˣˡ
Ѿղٵ̫⣬Ѿγɺɳ״ɳ֮͸̫ĹһЩɳѾںϣΪһˮƵľ״
񼣵ʵ״̬
ˣ
֪ΪΣҶȵԺӿֳ龻֣֮ȴҶδϤϢһףڴӴ첻Ͻٶ
˾
һϤϢӴ
ɲǼ䣬˾Ӱڷ̳ϷһɨΧҶȣ޲ٶ㾪ˣԤϿʮΪҪǧܴ꣬ﵽ̶ֳȣ
Ҷȴ㣬һֱ֮ǰĸӦǰոӦӴ죬¶һ޷ĲףǲǴд·
ǲǹ֮˵Ļ龻Ӧģߣ˾㵵̾
д·
ԭǲ㣬ϣһһ̫һԪȻӦĽʼ磬Ҳ㣬ѾԴ֣ұǵˣ
⣿ǰ첻׼𣿻õ֣
Ҷȴ㵵ʵ˾ȥŵص
ԭۣ벻һλףǰһֱ벻ͨû񼣣ΪԿ
û񼣣̫ڤݾͷ񼣣ڵ֮нʮ˲ƬһԴƳ񼣵Ĳþ֮ѾκΨ񼣿Կ⣡
ԭˣô֮ѣȷɹЩ˵ͨ
εܳɹЩ棬һܹؼأ˲֪ʲôͷϵ˾һ֮ȱڡ
˾ӰʼɹȱڵḶ́µǰصڷٵϡ
˾һδᵽǸɹȱڵʱҶȴ󺧵ʵ٣˵˽з٣
Ϊ٣ʶʱֵ˾ˡ
ʶֻйӴ
зһκˡ
٣
ΪʲôǷ٣
ؼͬһ壬Կ壬ټȻ뷲硢ɽ硢ΪУ
޵
˾зٵʲôˣƺҲ˫ͷħĳϵԿռԼ˫ͷħЩӡ֤˫ͷħŹڴѱնɱ
ޡ٣޴ȥηˣˣ޵أ
ٵҶ˿ں
ޣһ֣ϧʱһֱûκι޵Ϣƺŷһʧ
ҶȣǵʱᶼˣϣڽʱиԤ֮ӳ֣һ񼣸գ֮޲ȱڣ㾡̵ʱ䣬޲ã
˾˵뿪ˣȥҴҡ
޷Ӧ޵ϢپеĿռ˫ͷħֺѵЩҲǿ壿
Ҷ޷ޣ˼ȥɴ߶κͨ޷Ӧ޵ϢĿǰȻںϣɵȴ޲ɣں֮ʱҵĸӦﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣֱӸӦϢҲܸӦҵüӿٶ̫һԪ
ʮ٣
ʱ̣ҶȲòʮٵ̫ںϣ̫һԪ
ʮ̺˵κ嶼޷֮ȣ̫һԪҲ
֮еĺɳ໯Ϊһ羧壬ԽԽˣ̺Ϣ̫ԼҶȺеĸʣԺ塣
Ϊ̫һԪ޲񼣣ƬˮԪӴƬûһԪ޷ָһġ
ͻͻͻ
գǰȥ֮д֮
ԭһ羧໥ںϣɳˣʣ°׸ˮһľʣ񼣵ʣÿһ񼣶̺Ļ羧ƶɡ
ȻôһС޷񼣵ģ֪108ƶɣ಻ס
һӡλͷϢŵȴսŹ񼣣ӴӶʼ޲񼣡
֮һӰζƿնǹ񼣵ػߣս


2396 Ĺ
氡
սԦռ䣬ǿߣ׷״ӭӰս١
ԶŴ񣬰սһԶŴܣ֮񲢼սĴڣҲǼ֤ٵļ֤ߡ
ս콵ٷ̳ϿգΪɸߴ󣺡̫һԪˣȻɹˣ
Ҷ׵״̬޲𣿡
⣬޲ֻҪ̫һԪ׶ˣ񼣣٣
սȵһռ󣬰һƬ޾ʱ֮ɫӡ󣬾黺â֮г֡
񼣣
оͷ¹
ˣ
һ޵Ļ棬һ̣ҶΧ

ɻ棬ҶȲŵطһУͬںϵĸӦһƬ־
ߣооͷ·ĬĬ߶ĳģӿ֮һ̣ҶȾһֿںǿƿش
־ϿھͷҶȴʱ˿һƿ
ھͷ𾴡ݹ񼣣ļŹ񼣻ݼջΪںϣҶǹ񼣵ߣȻܸӦ
ӷ絽ɽ磬Ӧն޷ãòţȻǻƶɣںղγںϵ108񼣣Ҵﵽ޵ľ磬ſ
ҶһҲİڷ罨ɽƷ칬õɵϧֻܸӦ޷ȥһ㣬Ҳ֪ãӦǸӦںںϡ
ںϣõ֪̺ô޷Ǳ
λں޲񼣣ҪǵԼ˾Ѿȥк塢ʿʼ񼣣
콵ٷ̳սҶȲԲ֮ϣսĵֿ֮Ҷȣ޲Ҫж硢Ҳǻںϣǿߣ֪ȥصյˣȻҲǡԪ䡯ʵҪͬȾ֮ǿʮ࣡
Ԫ䣿
һİľ磬ͻȻҶǰ
㲻֪ԪģΪﵽŽλʱͻ۷壬ҲǴԲﵽԲͻһ߶ȣǻԪ䣬ŵĽĴҲǶɹԪճΪϴ񣡡
ԪǻﵽԲɱ䣬ԽԪǴ֮дľ磬ӦúΪζԭ򣬻ǻĽ絮֮󣬲ŵ߼˵硢硢ɽҲлȲϴ죡
޻ӵһŨȵĻԶԶ㿴̫һԪͻʲôǻԪ䣬̫һԪ̬ǻʣʲôϢûеԪʼʣȻ̬ͨ仯γ졢Ľһľ״̬״̬ʵǻԪҪеԪ
ԪʮֲףһﵽµĻӵдĻԪͲҪѻԪΪһľ壬ϼѣˣǷߣӦú˾֮еڣʵھ֮ɱḶ́ԪһģһӦú⣡
ԽлԪ䣿
սһͣȴҶüһֱɻóнȽϡ
ȻҶͷɽȻ֪жУɽ磬ھϾͷ޷̤һء
벻봴Ĳ࣬ҲĴɱѹء
սֵԪһ㣬ΪԪ졢ԪԪ죬ƾֵĺ̤ԪȴԷֱ棬ԪƿغܲףԼ̫ڤЩԶŴһǻԪΪһԪ쾳磬֮УûһմﵽԪļ£׷Ѱ񲽷ĵ;֮Уһһ£Թŵûһ˴ﵽĸ߶ȣҵˣϣܴħ䣬ܳΪڶ񣬳ΪıƽٵԤ֮ӣ
벻ֹǴﵽԪ伫£˭֪磬Ǻεȵһ硭ҲøԶܴﵽ֮־磬ĿǰĿֻ꣬ҪܰĽɹκƽ٣㣬ֹУﵽԪյĵ;ʼ޲񼣰ɣ
㿴񼣵ľŷ壬ԶžŴһΪﵽ˻Ԫļ£ԼΪ¯ںϣΪ񼣣Ҫ޲񼣣ֲϵߣں񼣣㿪ʼ֮ںʱ㽫̫һԪںϱǣ
޽ߡߡߣ

Ψе֮䣬ҶȸоԼص֧ͷʣϻ龻֣Լ񼣵޾Ĵ졣
ˣ
޾һһڸӦ֮УҶȿƿߵ
龻Ҳʼԭʼ񼣷ҶȿЩɳķλԿһʿ˫ֺʮϵףŷ񼣣ղᡣ
ԽԽ࣬Ҷȼĺʿ򣬴ʮ򣬻϶ԪʼΪϵǿߡ
໨Ŵۡʥ
ϤϢӿҶĿ⣬Ӷȥ໨ŴʥڸԵĬĬľ
½ҶӴ塢ǿߡ
䡭

ֹҶȣͻȻ¸Ź⣬ͷϷҲһУɫУӵоŹɲͬϢ
սʱʱ̿עҶһһĳκ⣬ǾɫУͻȻֻ̾ϢϢϢôӵôʣ
ҶɻΪں˰ֲͬʣֱߡߡͨ塢塢ߡߡ޽ߡֻߣԼߣѾӵ˾ʵ
˷ս˫ͫǾ⣺ѵǴ֮УֻдﵽԪ伫£ŻӵеġžŹ桯
žŹ棿ⲻǴµ𣿡
漣漣žŹֻܳڴﵽԪԪϾͷһزſܴڵף˵Ҳδ־žŹ󣬲ˣˣ㻹λ񣬾žŹ潵٣ѵ㽫ĳɾͣᳬ񣬳Ϊڶ񣿡
ҲΪӵоʵԭ򣬸պǾž֮־γһˣ
Ҳɣ֮˵֮еľžŹϽ٣ҲЩ⣬ΪҪȴһλԤ֮Ϊߣ
龻ָ֣־棬࣡
֪ǲǾžŹ׳֣Ҷȴ˿һ֣Ĵƺ޲õʱ
ٵȴ߶ϴͨԼ֮־
ˣ
̳֮ϵ̫һԪʼգһİ룬ԶϷ鴦
ֻǰ
кͷ˿е̱ڷ̳ϣοӹ񼣣ԲѾ覡
ʹ޲ɹ
漣ЭѪɡ


2397 硢ɽ
޲ɡ
úʿʬ壬ʣϽͷԼǿߵоս޲ɹ
κһˣκһ޷漣֣ϴЭԼҶӵеδ֪漣
֮езߣ
սο񼣣Ϊ񼣵ػߣʵҪҶȸ˽񼣣̫һԪں޲֮ʣԪԼ񼣵־ϣڿ˵֮Ѿӵ޷Ĵ־ԼԪΪδﵽ£Ҳ޷ֹǽΪһǿߣ
Ҷȵڲ磬簽սԣһǧڣпȸ߽λĻԪ޵ΪѾﵽŽλ۷壬ֶ̫ۡۡ顢ˡնˣҲ׷״ﵽ߽λ
ˡūҲǸ߽λ񣬾ҪҶȣ塢ࡢԼҶˣҲﵽ߽λԪʼ񣬼
Уÿ˴޲񼣣˴취־ԼԪǱ޷ӵеĻԪѿκλͷ̤Ԫ䣬Ȼ׵Ķࡣ
ˣǻ
˶벻һ죬֮֮УҶȶԣҲ벻˻޲֮ʱյԪԼ־벻أͳһǧǿߡ
ؼ䣬Ҷ޲񼣣û˿˵Ƕһ޶Ĵˡ
սҪںϣںҪе󷨣Ҫ֮ĻԪںϣ˵Ҳ´ĻԪЩҪﵽ²գھںΪϧâ̫񽣲ˣ񼣼Ͼâ̫񽣵ģ
ЩͷΪ޲񼣣ϧԼҵûرǡ
ȱɲǼ䣬ҶͷСͷ֮Уھͷ벻֮ܽС
޲񼣣Ȼǵһ
漴Ҷȴ߶񼣣־Լ֮󣬴ս٣֮УԼҶȶʼջԪ
սػߣԼΧռ䣬ȴһֱƯҶȸˣһµâ̫񽣲֪ʧڵûĻսܵԼ
ԴںϹ֮ңͽǧͼн񼣿ռ磬ڶﵽƷʣŲ֮һﵽâ̫񽣵ĸ߶ȣƷûбҪȻĿǰǿ󣬵ô޵ģҡ֪Ԫʧģ
ԪԶʱڣ֧Ŵ񷣬ںϣû񼣣Ҳ쳣̣ԶŴսʱڣԪʧû֪䣬ɴµľδ˿ںϣ
δˣɲһѾռٴԪƬԪںϣµ˾ƻҵĻԪƬںϣҳںϣɢڴƬᱻҸӦ
˾ֻӦӵлԪϢ֪ں˶ٻԪƬ
ƻǺһ֣
úãϢŴ˾֪󣬻ᾡȫѰҴԪƬ
ս͸𺳣ΪҶȸϵľϲ
٣㾿޴ȥη
Ҷһֱڵޣڵ޷Ӧ޵Ϣ
ˣ
֪֮䣬񼣿ռ䣬һЩľâʼӿҶڡ
ǹıԴҲԪĻԪԪҶգںϣڵĻԪҲԽԽ磬ʱڻ񾳽磬ӵпȻԪֵĻԪ

ʮ˲磬񹬣
ĵ񹬾⣬ֻǿĽ񹬡
֮⡣
ʥڤۣ㲻ڤϹŶѾմ´ķּ۴򷲽ϹŶҪΪһĵͳ˧
վ񹬴ǰһڼ͸޵ıԴϢ
ʹߣֳַּҪܷ
ȥЩϹŶ׶ҪػʥڤҲȥҲҪ˸֮£۾ͲˣûûѼʹ߷
ּ´Ҫּ𣿡ʹߴŭ

˭ݵüϹŶµɪ
һʹ߾Ͷڰв֪ȥ
񹬣ڤϷ鿴һƣϷڤʵڤ磿
ҳΪһͳ˧ϾҪʽ磬ҲڴѾɹȱڻ飡
ȱʧȥĻпµ˫ͷħֱػɱ졭´Σˣʱ򷢱磬缴ܵУ
ҲҲƽһ֣
Ѿôʱ䣬Ϊȡһʱ䣬ҪӦⳡƽ٣񹬼žЩϹŶѰҵӣ
С㣬ץסʱ뿪·ӡ޷㽫ƿص
յǻ뱳ʲôңԵҲ˶ǣƽ޷ֹģֻⳡƽپ
ڤε̾üȻǵǸ¶һݻ
˵ʲôΪϺƣʧڵС
ĳʪ޿ռ䡣
ͻͻͻ
㱻һâпʱĵʼ뿪뷲硣
ʥڤ۲Ӧ
ǿ߾ۼĴӪ룬ֻʮףӵżϹŶŴʽ̤뷲֮С
ڤӲףʥڤΪԽԽˣǵʹʲôͷ
׹ˣ𣬴һˣϴڰˣ֪õεղųɳĳ̶ȣ
ʥڤۣйɹֵֹĸоһƿص־ܣϣϷӦˣӶԴ֮Ϸһʥڤնɱ
ʥڤۺôǴ״εģ
Σ׶ǵӣһʲô
ڤ˵꣬߼ߣ⼸߸򵥣ȻڤһǿĵߣȻʮλһصͨɽҪʱգ̤ɽ磬ӶᷲԴܰװױ˱֮Ⱥһ
ֱͨ磬ɽ磬һ̣ѱʱյǿ߿ǸӦ³Ҫ緢ս
ɽ磬ƣ
ɽڵ޽֮أһɽķѹֹɽ硣
һ׽ӡ֮ǿн˺һӣͷŴһ󣬶ʱγһĵŻ
ʼŻʱյĵǿơ
õϢ
һɽʱա
ŵŻʼʱֳ֮صɵӰ
Ϣɽ籾Դںһһ˼æ߶һƣ硢ɽ磬ɽɽߣػ¾ɽ磬Žһ¶ԵУ


2398 ĩս
ɽ֮޽֮أǺķһС
ʮصӰÿһ˶ӵƿɽ籾Դơ
ˣ
ӡ֮󣬴ӷһߵӰӵеϢǴâ
ʮɽǿߣ߹ǰ
ԭƿش졢硢ɽ硢ԶŴʵ޷
Ρ˵ոӭһƽ٣ɽ緢ǵĿģǹռ磬ΪĽˣҪӶԴȻ磬Ȼһͳɽ硢磬鶼ҪΪ׵Ŀܣ
һӰǰߵ޷ֹɱɽ磬֧Ԯ
֧ԮǱģԵһٿۻᣬսĴ£Ӱʼһּ״̬
Ҳʼȴ
磬֮ϡ
һ֮Уʱۼÿһһף䡣
˾Ǭȼ֮Ưǰͷ֮С
һṦ򣬴˾ͷһâӶټλشҶܲµһЩԭǰԱ֮ߡΪ׵棬Ȼ׺͵Ϯ죬ƻĽݣһƽѾҲϽ뷲硢ɽ磬Ŀĺܼ򵥣ɱ磬ӶеԴȻ糹׷뷲硢ɽ硢ȴһֿµɱ磬һǴɣ罫ʧ
ֲвһҹ֮ʧǱƻ󣬼У
޲ꡢ𺳡
һ֪ı顣
λƽ٣ŴҶ˵ĴսҲǺƽٵһ֣׷ݹһδսԶŴս֮Уе˺ԶŴսĽʲôδսԶŴսӲңΪĩս
ĩս
ԶŴսȻѹȥĴˣԶ޷Ĩȥġ
ĩսԢ򵥣ԪĩڣδսΪһĽս˭Ҳ޷ԤϽ֮֯ɽ硢硢찵нмƻΪľǻ磬˽Ľ硢ɽ硢ΪֿٵĹߣӴ˱ǳɹĻⳡƽ֮磬Ǿǵ磬ˡˡֻΪʷ֮еĴڣ
˾µ˵սһڵҪɱ磬Ҫʮʼű֮ӦÿʼжҲᵥ磬ǻ´򿪷㣬ɱ֮УĩսÿһÿһҪŽ赲Ӷ磬һʧܣʧɽ硢磬콫ȫ֧硢ɽ硢磬Ҳҵ֮򣬹ǿУ
˾˵꣬仹Ǵ֮С
ĩս
Ľսͻأνܣ
ڵĺ
ⷽͨѱնɱڿǿߣ׼ӭӵϽ磡
ǿߣϴʿӹڵİշɳովһɱֵ۶ȾѪ
һ߲㣬Աһӣмⷽĸˣ֪֧Ԯʱɱ
ԭڲ֮мɲˣֻһСĸ˰ˡ
м治ϴɱҲȫû
ϵǿߣȻŭ㡭
ո˵һ֣ͷͻȻԱֳ߳ĺڶȫסĿ⡣
ʿҲ˺ڶ֪ΪͻȻȻ
Ȼ
˭֪
ǸֵĺڶԽԽ󣬴ﵽʮ֮󣬾ȻһŴֱӴҧһڣǧڿռ䣬һҧ飬ƬʡԼǧʿһ֮С

ŴӺڶγԭһͷ˫ͷħ֣˫ͷħֳ֮һӳڹıϡ
λǵʱȱڵλ
ٻʣһʮ´򿪵ģĽݣֱʲô
ӺȻΪһڣһŹֵ
µ˫ͷ￪ʼ½ֱǷ㣬һҧȥ
һһھ̵һ޴ķƬ˫ͷħ·һڽһҧȥֻǼ˫ͷħѾҧһ׵ķ󶴣ԽԽֱһͨ裬ɽ硢ͨ
ҪɱԼĽıݷʱʱգֻΪ֮ء
Ӱ˫ͷħ֣ϵҧ㡣
˫ͷħ֡
ʮӰͬʱʮϷ
ӰͷŶͶӰ
˵Ĵ󶯾Ϊǵǿں㣬벻˫ͷħ֡ҪʲôѵıҪ磿˫ͷħĽĵˣǲװװ࣬
˫ͷħ֣Ҳ޷ֲ֣֮öʮͷɱ˫ͷħһʧȥټǾȻҪѹɽ֮ϵķ㡭
񣡡
һӰ٣̫ȭ񣬻к£
㿴һָ
̫ʮڱʮͷ˫ͷħֹ׾ҧһڶͨɶͨһ򿪣ǰͨᳩͨ裬ɱ֮У
ڷֿжһ֯׼ӭУ֮Ҫȱڣʱ޷˫ͷħֽ֣٣ȥ磬ȫڳʱ䣬Ըǣ
ûгֹ˫ͷħޣƻ˼̫𣬵꽵ٷ棬γסɽԭǵã
ȻǵãΪɽ硢磬Լƽ֮£ֽӴԼĽ׹µķ棬ɽ֮䣬ʮͨȻ÷渲·磬ƻô磬Կƽ٣һ죬ȴԱ·磬ЩףҰĲΪǣΪԶȡ磡
Ϊ֮ΪĴǱ뿼Ľ磬֮ͬԸԼҲҪȫĽ磬ûвԶŴսȴԼĽ磬Կ˫ͷħ֣ճɹĽ磬ҲΪ׳Լ̫𣬵ӦŹ֮ȥǾΪ̳Щ־һУĽ磡
ϧЩ˴һֱУʱҲҪսһ֣ͬػ죬˽̫˽ˣ껹̫ڤֵܣʱһڿĵҪ磬Ψ棬֮񣬵Ҳ뷨Ľ罨һµ磬ʲôʮ˲Ͳڣ
̫Եŭ塣
׵̫鷳ȼػȱڣҸо񼣸յϢֻҪǼȴԤ֮ӵǻлģ
ಣ
̫裬졣
ͨ򿪣Ҳõɱ磡
ʼӡӡޱߵķ֮УֲͨҪԸ
ٻٸ֣һΧ֮Ҳǿߣ׷ڲͬʱ֮С


2399 ߽λ
죡
һƬ֮Уһ񼣣Ȼ΢΢һ¡
񼣣
ǰм֮ӰǱ֮ſ˫ۣȻһؽӡߴң񼣼գ
ڲ磡
һſʺ֮УһǶâĳۣ˫ͫոַӡ
ҷƯһߡ
ҲľͷϢϢһģһ
ľͷҲ񼣵ػߡ
ߣʱˣүүͨӦ֪ȱϢҪ㣡
үү
֮󣬽Χӡâ˫ͫ
߻һץһƿնҲ޸ò࣬ɣںӴ񼣵ߣǿĴڣ
ںϣ
ӡ֮󣬱ںϣͷӡǵľ͸ϰ񼣵ǿ
ɫÿһ治Ѫɫͼڣһκ˶֪ǿ
̥ǣӢʧ֮дһ㣺үү쵽׳ʲôˣںϵĺڣ񼣾ʹһɶΣϢ
֧ŴڴԪʧ񼣼ȡ˴ԪλãԴκα仯񼣶ӦҲᱻ֮ǰ֮˱彫ȱڴ顭
˽ȱ¼ŵص˳
𺳣ŵ֪ΣΣӣȷʱ𣬽ӡ֮ʣֶҪסʱޣڲȱһλ֮ǬǵĴˣǲʱδ
ΪᣬܲѪ𣿡
ԼĽıݣǿÿһͷŵȥ֧ţһһ֣Ҳͼӿٶȣ˫ͷħ֮࣬ţһɱĽ磬ĽɳһƬûϢĻ磬ʱһжʧԿƽ٣Ҫÿһ֮㲻ܱ𣬵Ǭúûȥ㻹Ҫǣ
ĵǿҵˣ
ססүүĻҪȫ֣Ѿ˰Ϣȥɣ֮Ѿڵ㣡
ǴЦݡ
ɱɢȥ˹֮˫һ֣ʧ񼣿ռ䡣
У΢΢񼣣һâ漴ʧһӰ֮С
ˣ
ǰʮ֮ѣɫѿǬ
ʧ񼣣ȴΪӰ֣ͷųһĢưâ֮УɲǼ䣬񷶼ڿʼٴâǹ⡣
оȥǹ֮߳෨Ϊ׹⽵Χռ䡣
ʮ֮繪񣺡磬λǰ
Ѫ͸ż欣ʧЦҺѪ̳񼣣
˾λǷ񼣵׷ѪԱаסаλסǬסǬ𡯡񼣡Ͼʿ
˾ҽܣȻΧÿһ֮Ϊһ顣
һһ񣬶Ǭʱȼնྪ˵ɱ˼ɴ֣ͬʶƵģʩ
ףҶҸںϴ취ȥ񼣡񼣵ȴ׳
Ȼ䣬˾֮͸
ǰģ
Ȼ֪˾Ҳ֪ҶԨԴԼ˾һۣȫûİо
Ѫף񼣸գǽӡ־뷨߶֮񼣵־ںϣҪ񼣵֧֣
˿ʼӡҲ֪Ŀǰƣͷ֮Լ־ںϷڶ֮ɵâ
ˣ
콵ʥĹâ֣һоڣΪӰӰâ֮С
һʱ֮
âʧֹ֮ͣӡٴλӭ׼֮֮ͥС
ת̫ʥ벻һλߣȻǾת̫ʥѵǹת
ȱ֮£񼣶סȱڣ̫ڸ֮Ʒʧ
ϷǴ˫ͷħ֣һδιȱڣͷԼҲ޷󷨳޲
̫۽ǾϲɫӸղ־ںϵ˲䣬Ѿ̺ʡ
ת̫ʥ𣬵ʵԽҡ̳ѣ֮еĺ
Ҳ̾
һƬ֮С
һͷâƯ֮С
񼣣
纣
ƿնֻһṦͿԽռ
ϲ׳Ϊ֮Ҽҽ㻹ں֮УӿһƬâֻһλŮԦڵĺ˳ڰգ΢Цڻκαѩ
ԭػߣ
ʩ֮ƿնȥ
䣬紩㣬񼣣һڷɽ֮ϣ͸ŹѪâ񼣡
ಣ
ػֶǱͯӡ
ͯ˫ֺʮ繪ʩҼ˾ͿأԵһ󣡡
ػ뺣ڵʱգƿں񼣣Ҳţ̻ΪһƬӰʧƬʱա
塣
Ϊ޲ڵˮʮȥƬˮָĺˮˮǺ޶
ˮ֮Уͬ˯һ
߽λ񣬽ᣡ
ںУһ֮еҶȣ˫һϣԪΪһŽӲӵԴǵ߿ԴҶȴλ̤߽λ
ûжãԪԽ࣬ǲ̤Ԫ䣬ҲκλԪľͷ
ͻ֮ӭ顣
һʮ־ˣͷţÿһ羭ڱը
ͻ߽λ֮ҶЩԼ֣Ȼ̤߽λ涼о޴仯ڵδǰкܴ仯ҪΪʱԪѾﵽļ¡
ԪѱҶȳԽҪԪĹ񼣲ںϣڵԪѾڻɱΪԪ̫һһЩ˵ʵҶȵʵѾﵽԪ䡣
ΪƿһĻԪ
ԪԪһ棬ҪϾĻԪͷ̫࣬Ȼﵽ߽λѾԽ£ͨȷҲҪʵۺ棬һԵĲࡣ
ԪͷԦ񼣵Լô취ԶԶԽֻ߽λҶȡ
ʵѾﵽԪ䣬Ϲ񼣣ܴвˣɴڡ
սһֱػԱߣҳϵˣҪһʱ䣬ںϣʱҲĸգĽ磬Ľ罫Ϊ֮𶯣
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˾лԪ䣿
ռһЩƬԪ˶ԸӦģջҪˣȥѰеĻԪƬҲϣԪ
һüӿںٶȰ
ںϹһĿ꣬ҵдԪƬڶĿ꣬ӵڣ԰Ӳ񷡣


2400 񼣸
̫ʱգ
ǹϵսʱգԴҲݺᡣ
ͷźϢӰӴ̫ʱա
ʥ벻սò̫ʱսˣ֪ܲҴ
һ̫ʱ񷡣
һ𲻵ʮĻӣ֮дγɵͼڣҲԼɹơ
Ա߶λԵùޱȡ
Ϊλʥ֮УΪǿĴڡ
ʥȥмأӢü̫ʱյЩһֱõһ񼣡ϧΪԤ֮ǰףЩҲֻʼףʼȱЩʣ֮ϵҲ޷֮Улȡ½
һߣǲܣҲǷ֮еףҲ˴ɹ֮ͬĴڣڵ磬ʼ׽ܹ˼ɵʥֻܿԼȹⳡƽ٣
Լɹƽ٣ףҪҪ飡
ʥӡһŨŨâ̫ʱ

䣬˴ɹ֮·ԼʥۡɻʡʥλĸϼʼԼǶż־ϲӭʥԼ֡
˴ɹ֮Ĵǰʥ
ʥʾʵ֮ķ˷׼Σ
õ״֮ټеķߣз߶ѻԪʼΪǿߣ׼ս񾳽ʿֻ
սǶⳡĩսкοʥɫʳһ仰
ͻأʵͻأǺ׼֮£͵õ֮´ıս
ڶԴսһҲ˽⣬αսʥ֮Ѿټ˷䣬ӦøǴҪϢɣ
һɹ֮һֱ飬Ǿɻء
ֻ֪Ҫսȴ֪֮ǰڴ췢Ĵ£ǿߴȱڣһֿ壬ɱƴݣһɱ֮Ҳмܣץס򷲽硢ɽ硢緢缴ڸܵе뵱ԶŴսд֮أһʮ֮Ѿа˴׷죬뷲硢ɽ磬磬ڷ硢ɽռʱգԺ½һµ磡
ʥ֮磿
ôܣ֮ػľͷ
ϢҲ𾪣ʵ֮ڷ硢ɽؽʱգⲻΪȱڣиҪԭƽ٣ӦöŹ˵ƽټϯĽ磬ȾǴӴ쿪ʼȻ硢ɽ硢硢֮ԭʣʮ֮η죬α磿Դעƽ֮£
û˿ӹ
ҲûУҵڴҲٴţƽٴ϶£Ľ磬졢֮ĥƽٵӶɽ硢뿪磬ǨƷɽ磬ʼһʱգǰöԿƽٵ׼Ĵߣ磬˶źƽٻΪЩһ֣
ʥ𣿡
𺳵ʵ
ɹ֮ҲڴʥĴ𰸡
ʥ֮ھͷһԵúܵ䣺һֱףκƽٵϴս޷Ĺ˼ǣǺƽٻǴս½֮ǰλǰйΪʵذǰ磬ֻл𣡡
յ̳ųǣǣȻԪѾһްԣ֮в˶ԽУʵأΪ䣬ø̤죬ҵܣ
ϼʼʣʥ˼뿪磿
Ϊ䣬ұҪڹغĴѵ֮ǰһȷѡЩȨߣֻһ飬һѡ񣬴ҶȨѡ񣡡
֮Ȼ磬˵ػҲı䲻ʵʥλĸһڣʾԼѡ
뿪磡
վѳɶ֣Ҿ£һ̤磬ʱмҵĸо
̫ͻأµ߲һɹ֮ѡ˳ĬҲìܡ
Ҫӿ첽ʱ䲻ˣһս뿪Ҳѣʥ飡
һϹŶ˶ͣһͬ
ٶȹȴʥ󣬰дʥǱߴӦǵأЩǰаǰ˴֮ѵǷɽ绹磬ǶɶӦ
֮ѾйŵȻǷߣҲͷһԶŵϵϸ˵񼣵ҲǷæ죬Ϊ˶䣿ΪµʼףҪһͬɲͬᣡʥӦ
ֻô֪£
ô֪ܲ͵ˣֻ֮£ȥ룬Դ֪ļƻԼƽ١ȱڵ˽󣬱ͿʼΪΪз룬ʱ򲻹ֶȥĿ꣬˭䣬ҪΪз룬Ϊ룬ƶʷ̵ľ񣬲ܴԣеɣ㱾ΪˣܻҴ棬Ѿӣ
ҺһֱǾɽ뷲簵еóʥδ˹ľ񣡡
۴˵
ʥһأΪףκξ񣬶Ὣһµʱ
죡
ȱ֮£һֱ˫ֺʮһȻ䣬Ϸâ磬ӿһâ
׾ϲӵǡ񼣵Ϣ
ԶţҲǰ֮һһǿ񼣸գֵõһۼ̾ͫżʪ⡣
Զ磡
âһɽ񼣣񼣣ڷ粻ϻζ

һֶ֮ٶĲϹŶǷš
ƺδȬٽһУ̫Ӱ죬񼣸գѾκơ
񼣣ӭ˴ߣӭµף˾Ѫаʮλ֮ƿն
öϤϢ
񼣱һâ񼣵ػߣĹ˼Ԧâ֮ף˼أлλ׻־뷨
Ĺˣӭص죡Ѫϲʩ
ˣ
񼣵һ𣬽֮ӡ֮񼣱ٵâ
񼣣ôܣҶȲߣôһں񼣣
֮Уµ֮ҲС
֮˷⣬һϲǶԣɻ㵡


2401 ֮
ѵ磬һҶһﵽ߼µĴڣ
Ϊ֮磬̫뿴ں񼣵

񼣲ϻζٶԽԽˣӴ콵âҲâںϡ
ٿ
âԼ񼣣ɲǼʧһߴӰ֮С
񼣲ˣ֮߶־Ҳˣ޵ӰĹ˹£𽥵ֳ
ӰΪ״̬һ۵ӣɲǳǰ
ʮ֮ӵòֻ˳ڲͬı飬һǷţһ硣
㵡Ծӵգ⡭졢࣡
ϣλǰչˡ
ɴŴţ֮ȭȻĿӷƿʱǷݴݣʱΪ졣
ƺ벻
˵ʲôһҲ֮ҲΪ֮Ĵڡ
ɵͬĿ⣬նһӣȻʶЦЦ
ѪΪԶŴоֹ͸ϣ߳ڻӭ룺ڴ֮ʣʱ񼣣ףʱ򣬴Ҫ㣡
Ǻ涼ҪλǰչˣȻ·֮£һι
аףǻҪһںϴ־뷨շɿƴıݣ
ಣ
֮ӡ౻콵âΧҲʼӡӡٶҪࡣ
࡭һֱѰ㣬벻㾹Ȼһֱ֮񻹳Ϊ񼣵ף
簵Ȼעһһ޷Լ۾ྐྵȻΪ֮
ˣ죬ҵں񼣣ǻ̫ʼأѵںֻ񼣣
ԣе㲻ԣ߻һϤӰ˭Ȼ뵽̫ʼ
ԣֻߣȻں񼣣̫ʼпҲںֻ񼣡
ǰԸ಻ףΪ֮ϻ̫ʼԸǸӲף֮Ĺڣǵɽ칬ַ棬̤ûйӴֻѡǻŵ칬ĳޣӴ̫ʼͳΪв
˵ֶΣȻĺܣΪ֮ȻԶԸ
Լ֮ʽ취ںϣΪ֮˱İ˴֮׶ӰӭΪ֮
磬ϲΪ񼣵ףʱɽ磬Ҷħߵ㣬벻ĺᣡ
֮ʼȥʣࡣ
뿪ʱߴȥҶħ𣬼ȻѾȥһоȥ칬֮£һֱڱǰ̶֥С£ֵһᣡ
绺ٶȣлӦһ䣺࣬Ҳùϲ㣬Ҫ֮ĶԹðξ񻹸ֶۣҲ֪һֱѰξ񣡡
Ǵشξֶ۵ŮҲŮҴξֻǴԼŮԺ̸ͣ
೯ȥգ΢΢ףüһĨЦ
˸Ŀ⣺֣Ī񼣵ףǰйӴ
ҡҡͷתſһʱգ죬ˣ֣ܳΪ֮һжΪ֣㣬ȫڴ㣬ǲн죬Ժڴ죬ԶͬӪֵܣ
ȵľ仰ǰкܶ໰˵ڲ˵Ҳ֪ˣǾȥȥɣ㿴ӦҲ츴񼣣Ϊֻ񼣵ף
֮󣬶𽥼ӿٶȣǶԣûκѣܿԶ֮ǰƬա
֣֮ǰҶ˵Ļɻǵã
Ȼڡ
󣬷붼û͵ͷǵãȻǵãϣΪ֮ȫ㣬һ£ԲԣʵҲһֱʲô£
ʵҵĹȥйأʵתߣһΪСǵʱӽߵ
Ǹ磬´ߣ
벻Ҳ֪Щ£
һ㣬ҷŻʮԪ֮ǰ磬Ҳں漸ԪճΪ֮
תκʿѡĴ£â̫ʢɽ֮ʱӴ콵һâ֮ҵĴڣ벻þһ֮½׷ɱңڱһһ⣬󣬶Է½磬һ֮սұûа취ѡԾ;תޣ
ԭֵĴ£Ҫ֣֮ڴҪ֧ŵʱʧ֮˵Ӱܴ󣡡
ףκһ񼣣غ硢ñ֮һնɱҿ취ںϣһں񼣣Ȼõ֧ţ
벻вҰġ
ʱ˿̣ڷѾûһ˿Цݣоǰ࣬һ±İˡ
ǳΪ֮࣬һ޷ܡ
Ұģ
ЦҲ˵Ұģȴ֮Ϊ𣬷֣ʵ֪֮˭֮Ͳκι˼ɣ
Ŷ
ì֮еķţȴ¶ӺĿ⡣
ͻȻӡȴףĪ죬ֽߵֲŽնɱ
ߣĪ죿ɱɱѾű֮־ĵˣɱҪ˵ǣҿʼʹӦˣ
벻Ī죬öıߣѾǰ˵־֣ܽնɱں񼣣Ӷٴ֧Ŵ죬Ҳһϲ£һȫ£Ը˿ɲףĪΪ֮ʮԪ߲ͬԶŴʵҪԽ߶ȣ
»ҪƻҲҪȻ̫ʼΪ֮֮Ըˣߵ񼣣ĪǱ񼣣֣ӦǵΪҪذɣ
̺ϵӵˮϵˣں񼣣겻֮뾡취ںϸ񼣣㵹ǲΪ棡
лֵܣҲǣ
¶ֿл⣬Ƶڷǰȴǳķθ
񼣣
ƿնӡֻ֮Уħ䳰ЦǺǣø࣬ϴǰں񼣣ǵĵˣҪǱһ֪ʲôǺڣǻ̫ʼҲںֻ񼣣
ƺ֪ƻ˵ⷬεȱࡢ̫ʼ֮䣬ȷоɳ𣬵ûºޣϴ졢Ҫ֮ҪʱǻǲҪַȺƽٹȥˣ
Ҳգǵȹ죬ɱȱڵ˫ͷħޱϵɱ磬Ժһ鷳²
˶Ϊ֮ܶԸ໹ƽ٣ǶһƣҾͲˣںϰɣһҪȥȱڣһʱ䣬ӡ󣡡
һᣬƽ֮ƿնȥ


2402 ʮ
壡
߿գսͻȻһץһâ֮УҾϲЦ񼣸ˣ뵱֮ͨ޵УԶŴ֮еٮٮߣһһֻһλߣֱеڶλ֣߳
˾ݶ񼣡Ҳգֻᵮ֮ټۡ񡢰񼣣Ӫ֮У֮
Ԥ֮Ҳͬƽٽ٣ϴ񼣸գͽԪƬ
սһһ޵Ӱ֮УˣӺԼ޴Ӱʧȥ
ˮ硣
ͬһƯڴ֮УײȻ˸⡣
ڲռ䣬кͷץסչֹģΪںϣӵޱߵ־ڣ档
Ҳ֮УѾҪͻƻֶ̫ۡ顢ۡˡնѾ̤߽λ֮еٶȣʵޱȾˣ⻹ǿʼֻҪڣǵʵʱʱ̵̿õ
ǰսҲǰ׼һ£ӡ񼣵֮ͨΪӡӣֲʿڣһʿڵҲͷ񼣵ҴʩչĻ᲻ӰԼ
̳ϿգŰս΢΢һҶȱ۾ʵ
ӡ쳣ˣڴ֮У֮һ㲻ֲͨȻа취ʱʱ̱̿棬ʩչӡԣӵôʣز£ڻʩչ̫ĲӡǴӴ˾ȡĻԪƬ
սâҶȡ
٣
һ֮Ҷȵӡâ֮ӿʮƬм鶼һ׾޴
ںϣ
޵ĻΪâʮƬƬҶڡ
֮У
ʮɶߵĴԪֻʼһƬƬں֮󣬴Ԫʮɶߡ
Ϣ֮УȻһ־ƿƣѵǴԪߵ
״̬ȥﶼڤڤ֮ǰԶŴ׷Ͼ磬ȴ߽λӵУ
ҶԪںϹ֮УͷųȻϢսӦ֮˫ͫ벻š
Ȼ䣬Ҷٶ֮ͫзһɻ󣺡뵽һ£ȥԶսһЩԶǿߣҹԼŵʬ壬йŵǿߴ𣿡
ҹ𣿡
սҵ˵ʱһͳ˧ʵҲﵽԪΪֲһֹŵսʿսûϢˣԶŴսɳ󲿷ֹǿϴսԸְµһǿߣȱΧɱ˫ͷħ֣Ҳһһ䣬ҹκһǿߣ
ÿһ񼣣Ӧöдǿߣϴұ¼ҡ׷ɱ񼣵ǿߣ
֮ӪԼҲ˶Īؽţ
ЩǰΪ䣬ҲٴǰϢ㿴ôߣǻõ
ҲǣΪ̫Ī˸ղӡΪÿֲӡ
ӡҪֲģҸţǻץסеĻᣬŬΪǿߣĿǰҵΪδﵽ£ﵽ£Ϳ֮෨ռ䣬ı䷨ʵٴߣ
ˣо㣿ΪΪռԪ
黹ܶ࣬ռԪҪ£ʵҲҪ£ǴҪģûʵ޷ںƽ֮棬㲻˵˫ͷħַǳǿ֮ЩԶŴ񣬶£ֻ֣֮װ
˳ǽ֣ЩȷȫڲҲҪڹ֮£
ЩԶŷһһָˣ񵤡ȵȣ
֮ҶȿʼµжǾΪеˣȫʵ
Զŷ
񵤡

Щʵһ֣֮˴ҶԼռľƷ㹻˷䡣
ͬʱҲͨԪķʽѴƸˣȻÿ˴ӰģҪ˸ܵѹ֪Ѿû·ǲܸŬС
ʮȫںϡ
ȥ
ں񼣵ͬʱҶȾͨ壬ںµʮ
ÿһǻµĴڣóȥǾ
һҪںʮǿЦ
˲УҶӵиʵĴڣΪصߡ
֪ʲôʱʼҶѷ̺ĿǱ֪ǲں񼣵ԭ巽棬ǰ߰ٱκֻҪһۣƬ̾ա
ĪǴߵ
ֻҪӦһ磬ƿһƬ硣
ѵߵ
ߡ޽ߣ
ڵжǿԼ֪
֮Ҳ֪Ǻԭ޵ʮˣЩϡͿͳɹζ
λѾ֪һɹı飬ҲԶʧǵķ硢ɽ磬ҲΪƿ֮أʱû֮Կƽ٣Ȳ飬ǵʹǷߣҲͬҲˣҲǷˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ԫˣӿڹ֮УеÿԺ
ͣУϷ䣬ƿһƵҶֶȻûоԶŴսڷ硢ɽ綼ܻԭֻһǾӵвҾͽΰĹ֮ʮΪӣһһǣûҪƿеܾͨһӣĽǲȥܺƽ֮Ǻεȵ磬ֻҪںƽ֮һ˻Σʮȥƽټ٣ÿˣҪǿøǿ

˵֮˫һ֣׹â
ÿһâ棬ӡʮڳһǧߣУѰҵʺԼ֮޵ʱϣĸ߶ȡ
ӦûΥ֮־ɣ
޴еҶȰ˷ߣսϣõһϿɡ
Ҳ޷ش˱Ѫʮδµô壬Ȼһж㣬Ȼȥʹǣս޷ҶҪĻش
˹ţھû
˿ʼںʱҶһ⡣
ÿһǿߣ˾ģܲ齨ţϻԶŴ׷桢ŷˣЩ˾ǹһˣҲδʱ
˼Ǹɽֹ
·еˣҶοԿƽ٣Ϲ񼣣ô
ܰЩΪǿߣѾﵽļޣκһ֮ڶ̶ʱ䣬ҲܰôΪͷ
ˣ
жˣ
ҶȺȻ񷣬Ӧ֮һϤޱȵϢ˸


2403 ʮԶŴ
죡
񼣵ף
һ֮ɲǼҶͬʱӦڲͬϢ
֮ڵʱգף񼣱ȻḴգ񼣿Զǿ֮һ
֣񼣣
֮ҲӴâ֮н٣ֻΪ֮࣬Եôݲȣš
Ž͵񼣿Զ񼣣ȴ󲿷񼣶Ҫ磬񼣵סˡӵжϤµԤԼܣԱΪĴߣԤ֪˾ҲȲϣ
ҪǺε¶Цݡ
ৣ
ڵķʱգͷŹϵħâҲϵţ̫ۡа񡢷ѪϹŶǰ٣˾ǬϾʿʥʼ졢֮Ҳ̵
񼣸գ̫۶Խ١
ֶҲӺ󷽷λ½֮֮ʩ
֮ͬ־ںϣ㲻˵ʲô໥֮Ҳղ
ڲռ䣡
֮ϣ·\â֮ۡĹѪߴ֡
ߴ֣ں󷽻ƯԶǿߣϢﵽ£еĻԽ˻
ѪߴҲ֮ǰȫһѾȫõͷţܵΪѾȫƣ˵ʵ¶ﵽԪļ¡
΢΢üۣձ£Щ
ֻʣЩյǿ߶䣡ͯƯһ࣬ͷŵĿâ
ֲѽˣʱţ֮мУҪȥЩ֮ԼЩϼһ
ƹϵһͲӰӡ
ˡ
ڶʮ֮ڴ£ͻȻΪŤâǱ޷ֵƣȻʧһӰڡ
ʧâ۵ĳƣֳ̣سڸ߿֮Уɫƽظ֮
⡭ħ𣡡
̲סһں񼣵ĴģʱӶ͹Ҷͷһ亹
ǰϹŶеٮٮߣ̫𾪵֣߳벻ԭתˣ
̫϶㻹ǵñۡԼаѪʮԪȥܼףǲף
ħ̣ûȥ࣬ԶŴ֮ƶС
Щ֮ɫͲÿˣǿóǡ
̫뼸ƱȭּȻתǱЩϻòˣ졢һ㶼ָƣ뼸ѣһֱڴĵʱգػݵԴԴӴ챻ȱ֮󣬼һʧԴҪʱʱ̿ػ
ʱ治簳ǵǸʱôһľͷ֮֮ת̫ʥ֮
ǶΪ䣬ԶŴսʱģϹŶΪ׷ϴ޷ԽԪ䣬ɽʧܶ䡭֮ǰֻʮ֮񼣸գʮ֮108ˣ
ʮˣ
ڼססԼ֣ʮһˣ񼣡Ҳʮ̫֮࣡
ֻعĺӣǸø˲ǣ֣ȥѰɣҲ㣡
ãҵһ
ɽתʩλңԺĺɹĴƽ٣
ಣ
ǰԶŴųƣһ˷
ղ㿴ɫûһ￪ʼˣôҲ벻Ǵˣ߿գͰӺ󷽣·ܼЩɢȥ֮
ߣҲþˣ֮ǿ󣬿ʵȰҲһЩǼΪУҪܲ£
ţƻǰš

һâͻȻϯС
ڲǷ磬һƬ޴ľɽ
ɽıһ𣬿ǴıԴڡ
ɽΧƯŲٹϵķ̳󲿷ֶģ108108񼣡
ϧз̳ѻķϣ󲿷飬ʧȥյá
ھɽΧƯʮа˵ѾʧȥâʮÿһڲһӰԼ̫桢ۡ񡢷Ѫ񡢴˾ǬȵϤס
࣬ԼӰ
۽͵ԴԶŴս֮󣬴󲿷ʧ֮䣬ЩʧȥãҪṩƾʮ֮޷߶ԴҾؽ챾Դ磡
Ŀһɨǰ˸ʧȥ⻷Եɱڣ֮ߡ֮ϹŶʱոճΪߣȴеӸ汱֮齨Ѵ죡
ôȥ֣㻹㣬Ƣһ㶼ûı䣡
ڴʱǾʥɽٶϵӰ
ÿһӰ͸ԶŵϢΧɢŲٳ
ǽüѮϵĹϡߣֻмֵ׳꣬лһλŮӡ
һɨϲرȭ񼣡񡯡񡮼ԪۡԨ񼣡Ԩ۾ʼ񼣡ʥ񼣡ĸ񼣡񼣡
ԭԶŴں񼣣ǰںϵĳƣ˽ܣϳǰֵԶŴ

񼣺Ԫۡ
ԨԨ۾
ʼ񼣷ʥ
񼣶ĸ
񼣵

ټվڳΧ̫ۡ񡢷ѪаԶŴʮԶŴ񶼵ˡ
ڴʮԶŴϧеı֮ѡѴ죬ʣʮԶŴ
ǵʱĴڣÿһʮԪϣ֮Уκһȫ߶񼣵Ǿ޵еġ
񼣵ףĸЦһӴף㻹ǵﰡ
ĸ֨֨ЦȻ¶һݼɵ欣㣿
ʮ꣬һɽǰ˵ЦˣҰػɣһػͻǿһᣡ
ãػ
֮⣬ϹŶʼǾʥɽһͬӡͷŴâ漴ͬӡ
ػ봦һɾ⣬һЩҲ£
һʱޣ뾧⿪ʼΪ̬ʱֳƵӰ
Ӱ֮ӿӡٶȣΧķӡ𽥱ʵ忪ʼۡ
֮һµػ롣
ػ·ԶϷبŲ

ɲǼ䣬ӳֵػӿâ뾧ʥɽϷľ֮У΢΢ıݾ⣬𽥵ذ࣬˵õں֮󣬸ۺ١
ˣ
˶ӱݱ仯ʱͻȻھʥɽϿգһɫâһʯӰ΢΢֡


2404 
ɫʯ񣬾ͻأسھʥɽ߿ա
еĺԪۣϲ̾񼣣
ȷǺ񼣣벻벻ԶŴҲԵ⡣
ʱλǼػ񼣸֮£Ǽɣ
ƺԶŴ֮󣬵һռ䡣

̫ۡѪҲ̸ȥ
񴫳ֶ֣߳һԶŴ·գƺܿڷʱĺ񼣡
ĺ񼣣Ưڷ롣
ʯͷŰĺ󣬴ٲâϢ
ɩҪˣ
һ̤̫½
Լ󣬴˾ظһУȻڴޱȣʣʮ֮Ҳ̳֣֮С
ƳƳ࣬ҲüƣػرߣǼһҪӵ˰ɣ
񼣿ռ䡣
ػߣΪһΧŮ󣬴ŴĺǿߣԼǧˣлһЩͷĶ̬һĺ޴ꡢɽĺеĳǴ̵ļваĺߡ
Щ󣬶ǺڲǿߣͬǵȵĴڡ
ݼˣ
Ůеĺͷͨͨ¡
룬ɫâ磬һλŮɣ纺֮ɫë
ջ֣һоͷ޷𣺡λͬʱѣڼԪĩڣǽһͬĩƽ٣ȫ߶ڲ󷨣ҽܵκϣǶܾ̤Ԫ۷壡
һ֮Ůʼͷǣ벻ͬʱУʱ֮ڶâˮ
ˣ
磡
ɫĺͻȻ֮ڴ£Ϊһɫâʮɸߵʯ񽥽СȻﶯĳ
ǡ
纺ȻƳʱ˶Ȼòе࣬ȴٴ𺳣ҶһΪ纺λŮôõĴУ
統ӭ纺ֹ̬Ȼ纺һϤģҲں뷨ƤЦĵɩӣͲϴ󣬻ˣ
ɶ񡭡񼣣װ״
ǬĿֻŲѣΪڽնɱΪ񼣴ߵļˣڿƵӵеѾ޷ѹ
ڵͷˮһա
ϲף
̫𡢷Ѫ֮纺ʾףѪ뺣ϵǳ纺ļ䣬겻һϤ
纺ںϴ־
ںϹ֮Уȴɫһֱڳơ纺ϣ㰵кʵ֣ƺסס׶йʣ
ƽصʵ⼸ɽʱĶͷȻǶͷ˵Ҳûֻǳʱɱ˵ģ߳
ͷֲ׿Ŀⲻһ֣ǶͷҲҪ취ؽϵҶ̧֮ͷͷһ㣬ԺҪԸҪĥϣ
ʵɣҶԣһĳޣй̣ʲôҵļ䶼һӷ棬һΪ˷ļ䣬һһУ˵̹ģ޷ǣ
벻˿ǿȫԸĪ죬Ϊ㱨ͬʱҲͽ
ôһѡ֣˴ͽǵĶͷҲ˵۱һ㣬ҲҪԸǣǿһͬնɱˣ
˼ˡе赶ɱ˵˼ȻıֶΣԸˣҲƽֶΣ
һ̣ٴδһ£ЦЦ֮󣬶˰ʼЭ纺ںϴ취־
磬壡
ྐྵȻں񼣣
֮УҶʱһֱơ簵нҹϲں񼣣纺ͻȻ֪񼣵ĴߣȻ⾪Ϣ
о׻УҶȾþ޷ƽߣΪں񼣣벻ᱻ˽ȵǡ
е;֮У³֡
صڵõ񼣵Ĳˣƫƫࡣ
ɽ֮ʱһδԿΪУƷ칬Ȼֻһν֣Ƶ칬ȴ
ֶϵѾעǵжԹϵ
һȡ
ɱܾ֮ҶͻȻ뵽ɽе֣ϵķ棬ɫž㵣ɹʦ㡭ʦ𡭡࡭ֲɹһ֣ԭʹɽ翪ʼߣعԪ˵ߵʱ䣬ҲԪһƻƿ֮𣿡
Ȼ䣬Ҷȸоδʶһִĺͻأоʵִֿɼ
벻ףΪҪֶϽ磬ΪҪߴʦξΪι֮Ҫ칬
˵ΪߣΪں񼣶ݷ
࣬㵽˭Ҷȶ̵ˣ㾹£½ϼԪ
ΪԴֶۣͨȥ磿ְѻ̫ʼξһͬ磿
ⶼ˵ӵʵ츳Ըɽ磬ݷԪ֮á
˿̣Ҷȷ֪ൽ˭
оԼʶֻ࣬һǣ֮£Ȼһ
ȶΪʦ£
ֶһâָҶǰ
У֮УֶѾΪһ񣬾Ͷ֮䣬͸ơ
Ҷӭʦ𣬿ϾҪҵʦ㣡
ˣֶ˲Ҷȵ˼
ţʦȰոҲȷϣ֮ǰյ񼣴ߣȻҪҵ࣡
ô˵Ѿ֮
ֶϣһ㵣벻ɽһǳΪ񣬿УӾˣѾΪ֮
Ϊ֮ζ
Ϊ֮ĻףʵûвݵĴֻǷʦ̫࣬޷ֲִߴʦ㣬Ϊ֮пܻ̫ʼҲΪ֮һ㣬л̫ʼΪ֣أ纡ơԼϵӣһˣ˾ǵѣǸˣǼΪУʴֻҪǿڣضѡ񣡡
ĺܶԣΪʦ벻òײųΪ񣬶˾ȻΪ֮ȶԺ򽻵ҪСģ
ʦģҲҵĶֻ֣£ҪԸ໹Щʱ򣬵ʦҪϴģҹں񼣣ʦֲϵ
Ҷְο䣬԰ִͻпռ䣬Ȼ񼣡ԪںϣҲơ纺罻š
죡
ȥ
֮Уڸб˴˵񼣡
໺ָۣ㣺֣ػ̫ʼں񼣣ҵȻ½һˣȻҪԸ棬ҵÿʼǰ׼
ŵ½磬ｻû⣬Ӧüأ
Ī졢ߡǲֶΣһѪһֱûǹ
Ӷͬʱˡ


2405 ཱུ
磬̫ʱգ
˴ɹ֮һɹ
鴨ֵܣϢǼٰ
뿪磿صɽ磿ǺòײųΪߣ
ǧķӢͳͳΧԽ鴨ΧԽ鴨۵ķ֮ЩӢ˭Ǿ㵱飿
Ϊ۵ķɹзߣ뿪عɽ硣
Խ鴨ϣûһּУ뿪ԭ򣬴ѺҲ䣬ȻвַɣȻվڷһִ䷨ּˣڴڶδǨ㣬Ϊ˶Կƽ٣ҶŹԼ
룬µ
ǣһȫǨ㣬˵߾ߵ
ƫƫȥɽ磬ȥ죬ﲻһ˵
̫ʱһ˷Уʱʥ뼸ϹŶڵʲôҪü͸żС
ˣ
һӣ׵ش̫ʱտռ䣬ָӵ磬ٶȡ˿ܵӰ졣
¿Ǳ֮µľͷȥģ
û˿ɫʥˣû˿仯˸оһܣûʶƵġ
ȥģǴǿ֮һѸһУ
ͣ΢΢ȭĿľʥԼλɽ·Լʱ䣡
λ˿ɻ磿ʥӭӣȻ䣬ɶԷǱ֮еǿߣ֮ⲻá
һֵǿѾռһǿڹչɱλڰһ½磬̫ܶ࣬ŵȴ׼ʱ̲飬ǧҪ¶Ŀģǿɲ½磬˵Ѿ˵꣬ʥڣ
ȥһƣնȥ
ԱһλϹŶߺ޺ȵ䣬ʲô˼ǰҪʱǹִ£ȴӦǣ
ģǻصɽ硢磬ǻҪǵģɽǵĸûǵ֮أ
ʥʱҲ˫üͬŭɶ
˳ס뼸ϹŶص
ʥ֮С
һᣬ߽ʥ˴ɹ֮Ҳһһ
ʥ칬ҪҲ֮ʥ֮УˣÿһƿȨĴڡ
䣬ҵǲͬصɽģЩˣ˶ľŷ磿װصɽ磬һǰװ˷𣿡
һϹŶ˰ȵվʥʩ
ǶԴƲ˽⣬ٸģ͵ϮȱڳɹɱԶŴ˫ͷħ죬˫ͷħֵĴڣһֱܣֻ֮Ż֪ԶŴЩ֮Ǳ˫ͷħնɱ108Ҳֻʣʮ֮һѡ뿪磬ڵʵܰ˫ͷħɱ˴죿޲ȱڣ
ʥ£˵꣬žΪЩ̫ţȷûʸϤ
һƬƺҲ
˫ͷħ֣Ҳʼɽ磬עģǺƽ٣Ϊ־ͿԸıЩ֪֮һ㣬ѡ뿪磬ȥ硢ɽ罨磬䣬ߵҵϣѡ磬ôߣԼĺᣬѵͲΪ룿ѵԸ뿪Ǻò׽
ÿ˶ʥֵҲûսȻ˫ͷħɱЦǣһ֣ͬҲ޷˫ͷħ֣뿪绹ǼشҵҪģػҪߵľɽǰʱգȵȣ
Һú侲һ룡𲹳һ䡣
뿪
뿪֮ˣ˵ײʲôװ
װܱȵͷڹҪǿҴ컹ôףô꣬жδ֪Զžͷ
侲
˾ʱ䣬پͷ׷ֲݣͬ뿪Ҳ˷ԡ
ˡ
ʥҲۣȴȻ˫ͫмһâ
ʥ
ѹâ֮˫üʱ¡𣬰̾ңǲʲôı
˼һᣬʥ䣬ʥҪǣ
У
ʥһȫ벻ʱһóֵˣȴƫƫʱ֣ϴûϢҾ;ô˱һĿģ֪ܣһὫ벻ʱ
ɱʥ䣬ⲻװɣϾǷĪǿ׷ɱʥʱʼ˵ܰһʱʲôû֮⣡
ǵĪ죬֮ʱȥʼװæҲΪһߣӶͬ׵Ī죬˵ʼҲƲйϵ
ʱҲס
Щ£ʲô壿Լ˭еͣĿˣκ˶Ȼôɱ֮ǾȥвǣǱ뽫Ȼʱ֪Ļж˸뿪磿
ʥɱ֮̾̾ʾ֮۴ҲڵϹŶҲȥ
ԼվҲҸ뿪
һµĻ԰ʱûʿѲߣ˶ۼڴΧڹעھͷĽ
Χ˿԰ֿΧŴ԰һһϷ

һĵ
͵ת𺳵ؼںСʥʱ㻹ȻͲٴγ
ݵ㣬дģ
£ܱȵش仯𣿡Ż̬ȣʲôϢҾţתޣж
ףѾǵǸڷ֮У
ô˿϶ˣǾҲ֪νı仯ʥ֮УǲҪҪ뿪磬ȥɽؽ
㡭
ù֪ģ
һľı飬û˿ǸˣΪѾﵽʥȷߣ֮͵ĸ߶ȡ
֮κ󶼲ֵһᡣ
𽥻ʥת޵㣬Ȼˡ˵ʵڹעֻ벻뿪ص㣬һŲע
ѡأ˵˵ɣģǲ͸¶뷨ȻвϹŶ뱾һʣΨߵȻоۣʥһӣȻиֱ𣬲ƢһҲԱθڣ
ԻͷݣǴɽһ棬ܷ磬ںò׳ΪľͷȴҪɽ磿Ϊ㣬ʥҰģԳΪ֮ΪĿ꣬Ҳһ׳־ȥ˴죬ɱδȥ


2406 ѹʥ
˵ˡ
ͻȻ֣΢΢һЦѡ񣬱Ѻˣ뱾һ㲻ԶΪһֻܸǽŲˣǲǣ
ʥûǼ⣬ףҲʥҵҲǴͷֹѵ֮һ
һףһ򿪻ϻӣԹԹƽĺȵȻ䣬ܷŸƨҪǸ뾪ʥλĸ˫֮һŮҲˣƣ
Ը½ˣжˣ
˴ɹ֮ɻʵӣӦûǵãһˣӦջĹ˵ˣ
Ҳ˾㹻ˡ
ʥңЩ뿪ɣܲʥ뾪ʥλĸǼӣ̾Ĳܣû֮
Ŀģʵ۵Ļ⣬кܴϵ
༸ǰǰɵϢǰޣҲһֻȻʵЦݡ
ҾͲˣľйϵ𣿡Ҳǰա
ҵУҲһСأҵĿǴ죬ҲҪΪףҲȦӣΪʥžۣԼӴ½ƥڵңﵢ̫ˣ
ĺȻҪƿ
㡭
˻һ˵ЦɣʥȻһֱ㵱ѣҲֻѰˣ㲻ҪҵȡɣҷȰ㲻Ҫ뷨ʮԪһֱУпܴʥˣתޡ
ҵȷҪǽԸʥϣվȷʱ򣬰ѱ½ܸڷʶɣȻӵΪµ䣬ô򵥣
ʥۡʥλĸȵأ
ȻԸ
Ц
ǿЦ𣿡
¶Цݣʾһֶ˵ֻֻܿ
ӣ֮Աǵ̾̾ڳ˵ΣʵԸЩǿߡ
ˣ
දˣƵضǰռһ㡣
ֻͻȻŤʱΪһ澵棬ռ˲両ӰȻʥԼϹŶ
ǡǺεȵͨ
һĻ֮ǰ䳰ͻȻ𺳣༱æӻ֣ʾһֶ˵
¿ɰﻵˣ벻ֶΣһ㣬һƵġࡱ뾵ռ䡣
ֻ۵ʥ˵ʲô֮еʥЦ벻ʥת㣬ôòһˣϢҲһ
໯ھ֮У౾ݵĻصΪ䣬Ȼ߸ϣƲҿɼǵãǸĮȻұ׷ɱ
Īұ˵ģʥһЦ档
ˣ֮˸㲻壬֪Ļ벻Ϊ㣬ȲݵľٶҰϢˣ㻹Ը𣿡
Уݲκˣ׻˵ĺãһ³һǣѵ㻹ûѧԣҪƻҵĺ£Ҳʲô棬ע㻹ҪҵϣͿӣ
˵ʥ޷ס¶Цݡ
ԼҲͷɱҪʥʾ⣬նɱࡣ
⣬ͷɱŵÿʼð麹ȴıһ֮ɫҲûС
һɨϹŶۣҲ˲ţкĺơʥ𡢹ϹŶʥʱ仹ҪȴʥһͬڻҪеķߣ벻˽
۵ɱϹŶࣺʥǵ㣬㻹лǸϴֻ·һ
ۣǱ֮ǰĶ˲ػƻǵļƻʥȴȴƣȳһ䡣
ԹǣֻԼûѧһӣ
ơʥ𡢹ϹŶɲۣ˼ɣĮȻͷɱƿڶ
˿ɶǴﵽµĴڣľͷ
ɱȻηЦڴ֮ǰҵøǣѾʶУʥڵңΪ࣬ȻԺҪΪף
໹Уڱƨǣʥüŭȵ

ɱһ࣬һתߣҪͷ֣
Ȼơʥ𡢹һٷְٿԽɱʧ
ڵĿռ俪ʼ飬ϹŶƿȰΧʮռ䶼ƿأٺڲռ䣬ֻ·һҲûл·
ڿռԷ֮ƣʱûκơԼӡԤףֻǵΧͫ΢΢˸â
ʥĮȻСǿת֮󣬻ָʵҲŶĶ֣
࿪ˣ־Ϊף˵ͱ˵ﵮҪԡʧɣ
ֻǵһͫͷһâ
ˡ
ʮĿռ䣬֮Ҫ˺֮ʣȻ˶һ£ѺۡռƬͨͨһ֮ڣʧƬҲָԭ״ռٴֳ
⡭
飬ǰ˲䷢һС
ơʥ𡢹ͷȻֻͣаף˷Ǻεȴͨ
ôܣ
ʥվסˣ忪ʼܣܣǴﵽԪΪľͷҲӵƿ־Լ籾Դ
ʥ㵽ǺεΪ
Ѿ˲֮ǰǷʵ
Ϊô࣬ǻҪһЩ
Ӧһ䡣
֮е࣬ȴЦơʥ𡢹ɱңʥۣҪҪһԣкնɱܿڣҾͿԵʲô¶û
У㲻ǸʱڣľţҾʰ㣬޷ףԲѣ
֪ʥҲˡ
һռ䣬ŹԪƣʵƿԽơʥڴ쳣еʵ
űɱ֮ĵʥɫȻ߸ϣɹͷۿҪ׿ռ䣬ͻأֹ
Ʊ֮ѹƣ֮࣬ʥʼӡκνӡЧ޷ͷκεͨ
ʱʥоǱĺӣıʮһС
һĻĺơʥ𡢹۴ľδӡδ֣׾ͽʥѹ
Ǻεȵʵ
ǡǡ־Լķ
֮ʥʼ͵࣬ҡͷ־κڴеľͷֻһ㣬ΨСΨ֮ƿ־κεķ򣬶ܼԦͬȣСܣ㣬ǰ㾪޲žδߵһڵ㣬ô


2407 ƿ
ʥڴУȻ֪һЩֶ֮Ρ
ռ̣ʧΨ־棡
֮
֮⣬ѾĿɿڴ
ڲ磬Լơʥ𡢹Ĵͷ޷䣬Ķ֡
ʥҲ޷Ѿں񼣣Ǹ߸ϵ֮ҵϣ֮㣬ɱģֻһĿģǾնɱĪߣ
ݵ˵δѹʥ˿˷ܣĪ߰ѱأñתޣڵ֪ҪԸңͲúһУҳΪ֮ʥ㵱Ȼбѡ񣬵ϣϣǾҵĵˣ
ʥüһ亹ƺʧʥҪɱĪףҳǸ߸ϵ֮һǵĶ֣ˣϹŶĪҲǶ֣Ѱ
ڱǰûвܵ飬ǰæɱ֮䣬бڣзߣԽУǿ룬ʱʲôǲæͲ˼һ̾ͻڱУҲᱻƿأ
㲻ȥԸ֮ɣ
ܾˣǽӴû˻ỳ㣬ǲָκ˰ұֻҪˣȴᣬӦնɱˣֻһˣˣڴ֮Ҳѣɱûж⣬μٶ˺ˣܾˣҵѡ񣡡
ҵģ
ȻģĽȥ
ʥһ֮սĶ֣ҲͨŬΪ֮˵˵ļƻ
ʥѡ
УֻɲװҲʲô˵飬ڿ֮һߡ
ܱҪǿٱ
һЦݣȴԸ½Ӵǵİţ㰵мĪ죬Ը½񣬶ᱻҴ֮У
˶񼣣ΪĴһżĿࡣ
࣬ûйһߵʹȻ˵ףҲΪ룡
ǻʥɣԸ½ķߣϽ뿪
֮е࣬ٿȻʧȥ
ơʥ𡢹֣ʥΧһһǴ㵱飺ʥ벻оΪ֮ڳһλ֮
֮ǱƴӣҲܻɸΪ񲯣ȷǹϧѾûѡһɱǣǹĻڵ綼֮أȥ
ʥ˼Ƭ̣Ǳýʼɢȥʥȥ
һֱûʧʥصʥ˵ľԼĻͨͨǰ
ͻȻ๪ףϲ
ոճΪ֮ʵȽСҴ֮Ҳҵǿг֣ΪܣʱҲҪܵ
ජž棬Լ֮һ
˴ɹ֮𡢰ɻʡ֮⣬˶ͬ׷ʥ½磬һһΪĴɹ֮ķ߶ʥ½硣
λȥɣ
ʥ֮⡣
𡢰ɻʡ˴ʮߣΧвǿߣĿʥŻʥۡʥλĸϼʼۣʮʧڸ߿ա
ˣλ»ҪΪ¡ؽһˣ
ɻĿһ᣺ⶼʲôʱһߣǻҪһɱ޷ֵ
ΪҪܵᱣȹƽ٣λ룡
˵ʮȹӭʮ߽ʥ
ʥ£߳ȭһϢ߸λλһĿ꣬һͬĿ꣬ĳһܳΪ֮ΪҪλ֮Уһ˳Ϊ֮
¿˵Цһࡣ
ͻȻתϷֻʥıھף

֮һ۸ֶĿ֮£˶飬ͻأ֮ϳһλӡ
һͷâۣϢ£𺳲ѵ˼òȴúİ
Ͳˣ
˭Ǳɲ˶ģ
λ
໺¶ЦݣҲӣҲʶҾͻһҿǵã
˼ú֣ϱһâģͱһˣһŻƵۣһӢüͷס
ʥ
𡢰ɻʡ𺳵վΧЩϹŶһҲˣ鲻Խࡣ
ʥ
˭
ܳţ߽ɣϧһţʹ䣬ź
˶벻Ȼʥֲ˵Լˣȷʥķߡ
̾ҡͷʥ㡢㻹ţϢǰкܴͬ㶨תˣ
׵ȷתޣ¹̣ҶӦüǵðɣ֮ĸִ׷ɱңûа취ձԼ⣬תޣһ٣ص֪λǲһӣ
ǣȻǣϹŶ׷׵ͷ֮£Ҷ֪ǵʱ߲µľ㣬Զһӣ
λ
԰֪ܵʥΪ࣬ҡڲ֮ǰں񼣣Ϊ֮
֮
ĻͬڳһλϹŶ
֮ǰĹˣһλߣȻǸ߸ϵ֮ڳһס
֮ǰʥ棬½ֻȨ֮ƣΪİ˴֮棬Ȼ֮취ˣԱͽƾͼƣʥŲַ½磬ȻʥӦϣ˴֮ɵĻǴͣ
һԭʣµԭ򣬾Ҫͷ񼣣֮еķߣ֮Уⳡƽٲһˡ˿ԻģΪߣϣܶȹⳡƽ٣֮жǿʱЭͬԿƽ٣֪ڱ飬вͬ
ʮֱӰֵĿģ˵װס
У
Ļʲô뷨
ҹ룬һ̤Уϣĳһ죬֮ܽУΪǿߡ
˵һݽ飬ʵҪˣΪϾͷһҲΪ
л׺񰮣ҵû
𡢰ɻʡĴֻǿƬ̣ʹоͷ룬๪


2408 ˽λ
ʱգ
һ欵գͻأһڶ
ʮͷ˫ͷһӴ£ںڶ֮С
ӿǰʮǿɵĴЩŲͬĵԸͬ
ٻҵȣȵ໥ɱĥĽʱٻӦϣ״ȱڣҰһУһᣬƺע򣬺һŴӺڶʧ
ڶҲ𽥻ΪŤӰʧ硣
ʮһʱոᡣ
λ䣬״ʹߣԪӣ
С
һϷ·䣬ǿʩ
ӡԪӡҽ͵һҲΪһͳ˧Ȼ״˻ֹɱ˧һ½磬ǿߣԼڲͬ׵ʹߣ
˧Ĺж꣬ȻûԶŴսҲ֪սĲпᣬǼ棬ĿҪӶһԴǵԴԿƽٵķĳһ˵״ˣԼ渲ɽ磬ʵҲΪ˱·磬ǵȴ飬ʵڹ֣ɽ磬һִɽսǵʱ䲻࣬ҪѾڽȷ棡
ԪӴŴӴƣµÿһ˵
״ռ񷽣ϣ֮иҹʼսʼ֮ÿһҪҪʮ£
óһЩ䣬ˡ
ʮΪеУҲ󷨣֮׼ս
ԪӡһΪһͳ˧˼˼
Ӫ֮Уһռ䣬Ϣ޵ĺڴΧһЩ
Ǻʱ뿪磿Աһʵ
һλЦżżҪɱ磬ʱҪӦֻҪǺúΪ£ȵɱ磬Ȼ뿪磬ȹκƽ٣
ҪжƻĲսͼҲҪ취Ūж𣡡
һƿƣһ䡣
޵ʪĿռУ
ʪ׳ɳ˵ʮ١
ʮٲصһɣҶȱ𿴵ģ𺳲ѡ
ʱڿԿʮ
ÿһ֦ҶïʢһЩ֦Ҷ֮УȻһЩӡ
ЩͷŹâܹ࣬ԼǧöСѲࡣ
ôʮϧ컹кܳһʱ䣬ɱСôһӣǴ꣬ҲԹҵУ˵ܳԽһУҲֲϵ
֮УһڷǰȥĲ
ںϣյȻ
ʮȷ̺ʮ֪⹦εõģ
Ǵֵɵģֻںϵˣſʮ뱾ϴ˿У
ʱںʮоҵĵ֮Уγʮִ𵤣ݱȥԺһںһ壡
ͨڸ޷֪˵㣬ǴҵĻ磡
Ե÷ǳ⡣
ʥڤۣ
̸֮䣬һٻӰٶӰ
ֹͣУ뿪޵
񹬡
ڤվ¥ǴǰޱߵĵǳأΧӶ֨ʵʵԶȴš
ݼʥڤۣ
ŷȣܵˡʿӭ
¥ǣڤڳ˼δţֻһԵȴ
ڤת£˸ʵղҸоԴڰ𶯣ǲŪģ
һη仯ʮǳǻԪͷҲ󲻵ã˵𣬴ҲУ
ǳƻ֮㻹ҪСģöԸĻҸʵѾѹһʮ˲Ĵڣ
ҵƿأǾܵģңбԼˣɶɽ磿
ɽսֻһ̣ڤĿ磬ɽս²̫ңǿɽߺҪռɽҲҪѺܶྫɽЩǳϵĴڿʼգǵɽ޵еģԹ޷ͳɽ磬ԭģǰɽ뷲粻Ϊøǲڷ硢ɽֳܴ󶯾ƻɽıԴص㻹ǻ磡
ҸоһϢӦѾںϣϢ͸޵
ʵǲ㣬һһµĵڤЩϹŶһһܵƲãϣҪİΪԴڵûĶ֣
ڤ˵ظԵһȲ衣
СģûκвңҲףʮٻᱻ飬ȻҲвҲȫһὫҵںϣʩ˵
磬塣
״ˣҵλУʵңÿһ˶µҲûص壬õ編ּҪμӴս
ͼ»밽峤ʮ޲񼣵ĺͷƯڸ߿Ҷȹ
ڹ֮꣬ﵽԪ侳磬峤ǵΪѾԪΪ֮еĻĻԪʵ֮ǰǿ
Ӧûήٴͬʱһͳ壬źҲǿĺͳһ壬ˮʵﵽȼ磬ΪԿĺǻȥɣ
Ҷ̫ĵۣһӣһھͷ޵ʧȥ
˽λ񣡡
֮Ҷȿʼӡ
ںϣں񼣿ʼȥǧꡣ
ǧҲǻ񾳽ĩڣеļ󾳽磬ҶҪеѶȣǳˡ
ӵʣ಻еĴУз涼һһУﵽԲܳһ㾳硣
֮Ҫǧͻư˽λʵкܴѶȡ
ǰ
ͻ֮ǰͻȻ뵽һЩ飬һ޵ƿնȻ뿪ǻǵйŵǰѴﵽԪ侳磬һˣǽΣǹŵ
׷ģ
޵˹رȭȥ
ᣡ
һʱ侻ԪŴһһɴСԪΪڰ˿Դ
ͬʱâӹ֮н١
սֶϲʩ񣺡ˣϲȫںϣΪֻ֮Ҫ񼣸գص켴ɣ
˼һᣬҶͫͷǵĹ󣺡һ㣬һֱڿǡҾռԪƬҪѹƹ񼣵Ϣʱ⣬ҵдԪƬٸҲ٣ʱҲʱԿƽ٣
ԪصһһָܻĻĽ綼ܵõ޵е
Լ飬Լʮ꣬ﵽ˽λ״̬£Ҷȱ¹񼣣Էɳ


2409 ټڤ
ͨ壬ѰһԪƬ
գͨѰһԪϾΪ԰ÿĻԪӦ
һˣҶʵޱߣӾˣ𵱳򱶻ֹ
źһУ
Ǻ䣬ʱգѱƣҶȾ;ˡ
½һƬչڣͨһǧ׿ͨΧдƶ棬Ҫѹ赲ɱ롣
߶ԪϢͶ֮С
䣬ѴĹ޽֮أ̧ͷȥѾ¿Ϸѹ·ǵǿƿأ˴˿һ׹ķ棬֪ûٳûˡ
ɽͷû뵽ٴδ򿪣Է׷ץסᣬҪ磬֪Ϸд׹䣬˵ǿնɱǽҲҲ
ȻҲиˣû硣
ɽ磬ǵϢʱʱдǿ߷ɹɽ֮С
־Ҷȱɽ籾Դںϣͷ֮Ӧһɽߣƿɽ籾ԴͬҲӦĸԼɽˡ
ϴ½磬缴ĺƽ٣ûаѸĸ˵ȴ磬ɽΪԱȥðա
벻Ҫ磬ҷɽ硢硢ҪҶ˴ɽ磬Һ֮˶û⣬ʵ籣ˡ
ĸ֮󣬿ʼӦټɽ绹ûлԪ
ˣֻϢ֮ͨӦַʮԪƬϢƿѰȥô߶ǧͼٶѾ⴩ɽ硣
ʱ䣬ɢڲͬʱյƬõž򷲽ȥ
Ҫɽúܶ࣬δ򷲽緢ģս籾Ľ֮Сһ硣
Ŷۡм֮Ϣ
ͷŸӦѰҴԪӦոɢȥͷϤϢ
Եףԭۣ
м֮ȻδЩ׼棬ӵ־Լ񼣵Ϣܺȷݡ
Щ֮Ȼڷ翪ʼ𲽽硱
벻ϰٿԪƬ
֮󣬽˻ԪϢ䣬Ӧٶȴ߶ޣͷߣһƬʱգռһԪƬ
ڷ磬ûб룬ҶҵĺᣬʱաܵսĿܺС
ټ󷲽ҪռԪƬҲѲʱ䣬һٶƬеɢںңԶʱգʮ꣬ҶȲռлԪƬͣ
ڤ
ʵ磬͸ӦڤϢǰ޷ڲһˣɽͷŸӦҲԸӦڷ磬òϸӦ
磬ʼ硣
ʮϢŨң
һ߿գȸӦľʮϢſԸӦĴڣӵ˺ѵǿʢϢڵԴţίʵˡ
𣡡
ӣһգ۾Ҷǰ
ȱڱ벿ִ֮ƣ׼磬ƽټϯĽ磬ҪռԪƬ
û⣬ҿȫһ֮
Ҳȥڤʮ٣ƽٵ˵Ҫںϣᵽʮ٣ʮ磬ȹⳡƽ٣ҪһĻ˵ʱҪʮ֮ϣ
Ҵȥʮ˲
Ҷһ㣬ûκͷһŻ֮Ҷһ̤Ż֮С
̤µĵŻֱ̤ʮ˵Żͣ
ǰʮ˲ۿռԼҶȻӦϤĻԪԼ΢Ϣ
̫ڤǴ񼣣ڵʮ˲Щ΢Ϣĵ񼣡
ӦҶȷʮ˲ǳޱߣڵĸӦ޷Ӧж󣬲ӵۺĻҲΪεʿ֮󣬻ͨУﵽ֮ʵԭ
ʱӰƿն
ֻڤ£߳ռ䣬ڤ絭Цݣ׵ˣ
һֱûлὫӵѣڷʮֲеź
ٴμڤҶȷڤûʲôı䣬뵱һǰ¶ֻƿصƣҶֻ̾Ϣķݡ
ģӦúúУʵȲϣ֪ҶӣڵƤüЦ
˵ˣҶںϹ񼣣ʵвֲ࣬ǰǰ㾪ˡ
ڤǳһͲٷֻһζС죬˿ʼʮ˲ʱա
ԪƬȷвɢ֮Ҳʮ飬벻ĽһҲںϣ
֪Ҷ⣬ڤӡһṦһâƿն
â֮ǴԪƬʮ飬ҶǴͷ
ƬһͬͨͷŸӦԴҶں־ͨͷŶ
һĳҶǰܿ죬һ˶ԪƬҶȳԾѡ
ȻٶƬɢʮ˲֮ͬС
ڤҲͷ֮æռƬԼֻʱ䣬Ƭ֮ͨ£һռ
ַ޵
ʮٴںܹϣȻҲƿأϣҪۣһܼԦв
޵ͷâϢʮ٣ڤҶȵĵġ
ȷҪ벻ڵܳ˺ŵĳ̶ȣᴩĽķʢ״̬Ҫһʱܴﵽ
Ҷ֮ȫʮ
һžͨʮǴͨҪҪУ
ˣаɣڼԦҪȥɣҪ̫ԼԴĲԣԺƿأȥⷽ棬ԴͨʺУ
Ҳգ㿴ϵʮһǧţÿһŶǼֵǵľʱôǿߣУ
ʮöѾӦ̺֮ĴԪǵһ
ҶĻϲʮ٣ȥĻ˵ʮԪľǣ缴ںƽ֮лҲʮ֮ϣһµ硣
Ȼֻ룬ԺͲʵ֡
۲ʮ֮󣬼˱뿪޵ȥתһȦ֮ҶȾʹæˣ뿪ص硣
ɽ磡
֮Уһǧ˾ǰȴʲô
ҶҶԶҶ졢ҶҶҵľӢҶȵĸЩд󲿷ֶҶˣͷɽĴڣҲд󲿷ںڲϴӷɽҶҺᡣ
滹һЩҶȵˣ桢ҲС
λ׼ã̤磡
ɲǼ䣬һŤӰƿն޵Ҷȡ
˼Ҷȶ쳣ֻ˵ϼ仰ҶȾͿʼͷŹȣ֮УһҶԼҲʧ֮С


2410 ټơ硢纺
ɽ硣
̫ɽ磡
Ҷ׼ĹǼҶȷ磬ʣµ˽̫λ档
ǿ߷磬µ̫λҲʵս֮㣬Ͼ̫λĹϵ㹻Ӧһб仯
ûҶҶԶԼĹɾģԼ֣̫λҲɽ磬ǵ̡
Ҷȴӵصɽ磬Ȼһ¾Ǵ£һǧ֮Уٴθı̫ɽ磬Ŵ뿪ɽ硣
һߣ̫ɽ֮УͨĴڣһߣٻꡢࡢ؜[ȵȶҲһ֮УҶȼһˣӵв֮⣬඼ͨҲҶϴΣδǴԭ
Ľ缴ӭƽ٣ҶҲʵӵںƽ֮ǷҶһɽ̫λ棬Լֶ죬ĹŵԶҶȱ֮¡
ӵΣѵʵ
֮ϢƼɽ֮С
һ̣Ӧ֮Ҷȷְ֮Ϣ֮˴ߣʵﵽҶȲ߶ȣʵҪǿҶȣɽϢȻǷǳģҶҲҪͷŸܲ׽ǵϢ
磡
˫ʥϼؽ౦Լа̡ĸλ
ʥ֮У
ʮڲͬķߣ֮У̻̲ĵȴš
ǿɶҶһͬɽͷϼؽ౦ۣп˫ʥԼа̡ǿǿߣһɽ粻˷
ͻȻ֮ʣʮ˾ܵʥټΪµ䣬ҪӼǡ
µ䣬ΪҪǣ˳˻̻̲Ǹֲ²⣡
˲֪룬һӵϷ
һʮ֮Ув󶼾Ϥζһʱ벻˭ʲôط
˶²֮ʱ˫ʥͻȻ̾ǡǡ칬֮࣡
ࣿ
˫ʥڿʲôЦ
ϼؽ౦ͷз˭Ըʲô˶ԣǧ࣬˿Ȼɽ磬࣬Ƶ칬ľͷ
Ļ뻢ڣ˫ʥ㵹ûǱ
֮ϣ˵һЦһâ֣һ칬۵࣬ȻȻڱϣһɨ·ʮеľӢ
࣡
ϼؽ౦ɶʱ˺󼸲࣬·𵱳Ǹռݹֻ࣬ˡ
ϼؽ౦ˣǱѹڳͷ֮磬ļɵǱκ˶Ҫǿҡ
ɵ֮УҲڷ׷ײ²⣬͸ŴɻΪҡһ䣬Ϊ䣿ⲻǿЦ𣿿˫ʥͨһ£ߣʱǲ㽻ǵ£һֱڰе飬ҶȵһһͥۺЩֵҶȾѣû뿪
㻹ǵñ£
ƽĿ⣬ڿ˫ʥϣǾǶŭ쳣ƽעҶȵĶһֱû̫ʼϵǼͥԼţͷͶ˾ɹĹͥͷΪʥλĸˣǲǣΪ֪Ϊʱʥλĸǰ˴ɹ֮һֱûгɾͣѡʥλĸ
¡֪빬ԭ£
벻ͶϤԼ뷨˫ʥŵɪɪ
һЦݣɱ㣬ɱףڣû̫ʼԪӡǣ˲ֵڱУ͸ᣬúűУһΪȥԸ⣿
ǣǣǣ¶ΪЧȮ֮ͣ
ķߣʱ˿ŵóΪ˳ͷβСˡ
ߣǽͷݣɱ˸ã
ȵȻͶɹĹͥȴδбѹ̫顢ۡͷˣ뾪ɹҲֻдУԴﵽߵĸ߶ȡ
˫ʥΪ˻ɥʧ߸еϣһĻ˾һŭ𣬰а̡ʿ
شۡشۡţͷ˸澪ʥλĸ뿪磬Ҫɽ罨ʲô磬ȥɣڱУˣһֱǲļһ
ϱѾΪ֮ɱЩǽͷȻû壬λٻˣܼ򵥣ϣǺúڽ֮УúУȥ׼ɣһҽǽ֮У
һĿҲԣֱ֣뿪ʥ
֮
˶֪߳ʥģྐྵȻ֮Ǿ֤ҲûС
磬壡
֮УΪ޲񼣣ϡ٣ڹ񼣾Ư룬
ˮƣҶȴ߳ո֮УսżæӦ顢𡢴Լʮ档
ǰսѹŵľӢ񼣡
ʦ䣡
Ҷǰǰ㣬Ӧ顢ʩûһ֮ļӡ
ݴȣһȫסˡ
οҶȰѾ֮Ҫǹ׼ӣ֮ʥɽ޻˵ǴŴ磬ֽŵǽ֮У
Ӧ˸õӣ
һͷ׷Ӧ飬ѲΪͻƣӵеĲʹɣ
ʦҲܽ񼣣ֻλƽټϣ񼣺úУԼȹⳡƽ٣
֮Ҷ˻ص֮С
ŵιжʮ񼣣ﵽµΪȻԱŵ
ҶְѴ̫ɽķߣ׷֮УȿʼǽԴһҶȶ޵
ֵȥһ죬ѰҴԪƬ纺硢ƻ档
ٴˮݣҶֻ΢΢߶־ˮݾͻΪ״̬ҶȻͽ֮С
ո̤죬ԺͳֳƼϴǻ׼ȥ㣡
ǰΪ֮ǻʱʱ߶ЭͬЩϹŶȱڣҲ˵һ䡣

κ
Ͽվ͸һӰǳƣ纺׵硣
ƻʵѾԽлԼԪľͷ˵Լ֮ԼٲЩصϹŶ⣬ѾǾ޵С
ĺãĺã
վ棬˶Ϊ֮ҶΪο
ϴΪβչ񼣣ƺʵ
ҵ֪ϴ͵Ϯȱ֮Узٳ֣ҾкܶǣڻҪռԪһǣƣ
٣ԭҿʼȷأ
ޣӦһֱûлӦƺȱ֮£ף˫ͷħйǿ壬ѵٶ˫ͷħйأһжȷʱҲ񼣸գ
ãҲգȻʮͷ˫ͷħɱ죬ȱڳ񼣷ӡȱڣʱûģոҲյϢ֮ҲҪʼ׼ս


2411 ʿϹŶ
ֵǵõϢɱĶʮͷ˫ͷħ֣ȥƷ㣬׽֪ͨͨ˫ͷħֺʱ͵Ϯȱڣ
˫ͷħֵ֮ҲĽҵǡٲһУЩ죬ǾܵٵİţǷٽǵİţƻͨ磬˵Ժпܣٴ͵Ϯȱڣ
ҶȴŶԴһ˽⣺Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ǵԼƣѪߴ֣Ӧ취ֲЩӡʵǵҲҪԼûһ˴壬һЩ֣Щ֮£дֵģ
ٺ٣û⣡ƲΪȻЦ
Ҷֿ纺ϴ뵽⣬뺣屾ˮǽںϣˮʵ࣡
Ҳ뵽ˣǸú뺣ֹͣսһ¸ı򼴱ڻֹɸ꣬ԺҲٴìܣ
֮ͫ˸ž⣬ںϺ֮纺Ҳһֱڿʼƻδ
ǴҾڴ˱ˣǬԼ࡭ʱǲҪ˺ƤȺƽٹȥܻиģ
뿪֮ǰҶֶһҪԼǬ¡
˼ܼ򵥣Ҫ
ڣһֱű𣬵òǴ֣֮纺һͬϷ
龻֣־ںϣ
ʱֻʣҶһˣҪѰҴԪƬȻ죬ǻԪĵطһ飬Ƭࡣ
ϴڵѰҵƬδںϣǵȴڴ죬ռƬһͬںϡ
ܸӣǱΧʱʱһ鶯֮òپܵײ
޽ߣ
һ֮ҶȸоܳΪĸ߶ȣΪ֮ǰӸӣʱʱ̿и潵١
òִ߶޽ߡ
ˡ
˭֪һӦǻԪϢһǿҵ־ڽ١
ٶͻȻ־٣Ӧòĳһ֮ٻ־Ӧ־ȥ
ԭ񼣵Ϣô˵һµ񼣸գһԤ֮ҪΪ֮
һӦ񼣵Ϣһӵ񼣣ֻԤ֮ں񼣣Ż־١
ֻһֻ֮һ֡
ˡ
Լ󣬻龻ԪƬϢϳ֣Ǽ飬Ȼʮ飬ԽԽࡣ
龻ּһֱ֮С
󵱻龻ֹͣӦҶԼЩţԪƬȻٶദд󲿷ϢǿңмһϢޣпǱ˵õӡ
֮ôԪƬڵĶٱһռӦý״̬
ͨ壬ȥռʮϢ޵ĻԪƬƬ
ͨóˣôԲ
ͨƿնȥ߶־ûй񼣵ڴѾȥɣ統̤죬ҪܵӸ߿׹ķƬв
Ҷһ߶龻֣һ漱ٷвռ䡣
֮һǳǰ
ӵ񼣵Ϣ֮
Ƭǳأϧûж˽⣬ͨϢȻ֪һ֮ĳǳء
Ϣǳ֮һṦ͵֪˭ĵ̡
崨񼣣
Ȼûйһ˽⣬Ͼ֪սȴ֪һеġ
崨񼣵Ϊˮ֮񡱣һλòŮӣʮԪ崨ںϣƺһ塣
ȻʮԶŴǰʵҲ˾Ǭ桢Ͼʿࡣ
ڰ˽λʵܻ޷ӦЩ֮ǷմԪƬϾҵΪǺܾˣҲδ񼣸գռ󲿷ֻԪƬҸӦԪƬһף
֮ǰ崨Ƭˮ֮Уϸһ룬֮пջԪƬ˾֮ʵǿˣڸӦӦеĻԪϢ
һֻ취ӵлµʵͬʱչ񼣣ξںϴ󲿷ֻԪƬһԪǰǰԶӦϢ
ǳܿλãһ˽⣬ԭӵлԪˣǳصһү
Ҳˮ֮ĺ治򵥣үӦ֮£үȻһ̬
Ҳһ塣
ˣǳǺ̬ԸоˮϵϢЩȻˮϵ֮飬ȴ
ûںϹ֮ǰҶȶԣػᰵȡЩľߡ
ϧڲͿΪߡ

үڵ֮Уطţһݴܳͣҡҷ֮УһߵӰ
һ֣ΪѴﵽŽλļ£ϧҵĵˣҪҵĵˣ³ˣ
ҶѾΧĳӣ֮Уֱһӵĳ嶯
ǳˮ֮ƿ֮أɱôһǿߣҲˮ֮ΪУΪһһܣʵڲ㡣
򣡡
ͨ޵У֮ͨϣȴǷ֧硣
ں֮󣬶ڷƿأҶѾﵽǳŵĵز˵ʵڰ˽λ񣬶Ըκλ׾١

֮⣬ΪԪɲǼ
˭
ʧˡ
ͻȻһ봦һλǳ˯ߣͻȻһԾ𣬻Ϊ״̬ҲǸոѣ޷ٶһ¡
漴ĿһӰǰ߳𺳲ѡ
ֻȡһҵıģºֻĨ䣬ɱ㣡
Ҷȴ˵֮һָ߰ر˫ۣҶץĴ䣬Ϣ򿪽ָܿ칦һâͷ
ԭһһɴСĻԪƬ
ٺ٣ջ񣡡
մԪ֮Ҷһֻ˲仯Ϊˮ̬Ҷһ뿪
һԪƬ֪ж󣡡
ǳ֮󣬾ҶѾһ˶ޱߵ硣
֮ƯҶͬһĻĻʡ
ԪϢǺ΢
벻Ҫ޷ǿҸӦԪϢ
е㲻ͬѰ
Ŷ
һƬɽͻأس֮С
ɽΧд棬÷Ϊɽ֮ȫԣԼһλǿߣĵ
ͷŸӦڸӦ֮£ҶȲδɽ֮зǳǿߣˣûһﵽµľͷϢ
̫ͬѰڴ֮УһȻҲһӽ֮Ĵڡ
ô࣬ΪԪɽȷԪλ˵
ɽΧ׾ͱһƬϴӳǰռ仹ǺģоЩ˴ɹģ
ʿв٣ΪﵽµĴڣԪ䵹ûУûһʿ̺ǿҵĻԪ
һθӦ֮Ҷȷ˻Ԫλֶ˽⣬ӿٶٴһֻգۼ䣬һǰ
ڶ֮ǰһĸоҶȷⶴһֻ۾󷽷
Ŵ֮У֮ǳԶŵϹŶͬɽĶĪǴһʿϹŶ
񻺻ס


2412 ʦ
Ľ֮󣬱ȻһЩʿ
̫Ǿ֪ϹŶ
ЩϹŶڲͬʱУԪĬĬ׷洴Ĳ֮С
ǰ̫ʵ޻оһˣĶ
ɽһ׵ɽ
ɽΧСݣǰһʯ
ΧûκĵطɽҲûκȻĶ

׼Ӧֶӵʲôʱ
ͻȻһɽڴҶϢʱֻһλ꣬˫̣Ϸ豭һȲ衣
ʯǰ̣źò豭ֵϲˮȻʩԶҼʦϣڴƷƷ裬СƬ̣
Ŷ
Ҷ񣬿ǲڵĸ߿о֪ôһˣ˼˼һˣ
벻δֶԷǱԷһ
ҶȴҴҵ;֮Уǳټ
ˣ
ֳһʯǰ׵߶ˣСƬ̣ʦһ𣡡
룡
겻ϲȻǰ֪ҶȽƬϢһʩ֮תɽ
ΪѾﵽŽλ£ֻǵ֮лδ۴Ԫ˽񼣣֮ĵ⣬ʱҪлԪȷЩף
ŲˮȻ㣬ֻǲˮͨҶȿʼͷŸӦҪһε
ոͷŸӦһŲȻӦһѮߣֶһһ
߿ҲѰûκβװΣֻɢųǶԷ׵˫ü͸Ψһһɡ
ȻûƣڵĻԪҡ
Ӧȫʵ
ǸӦԪ֮ҶһӾˣеĲ豭䣬ڴ󲿷ֶǻԪһֶΪ˾̬
޳ֵز˰սԼ˾ҶȻǵһμҪ֪ս֮Ĵڣ˾ҲΪ֮
һͨߣȻӵʵ
ֱǻԪľ磬ӦǴڻԪĵڶ磬Ԫ졣
ܵõ־磬֮жǲˣҶҲδﵽԪľǿߣԿ϶ߵʵѾﵽ֮߶ȡ
ٿ˼٣
ʱѾӶڳ֣Цݣȫɫ֮УоڶԴһĵˣһ㡣
Ҷȹлǰĺò裡

߻Ҷ£Ҳʯϣ˫ü֮ǷɣЦݶȡСѺٶͨˣⲻϷĵ¶޷Ӧ
˵Ȳѣ뵽ˣԭһȣǰҶеһΣĿģһҲûǡ
²СͻȻϷ¶¾;ܿڣæģػæ
ǰǲһݴԪƬ
⡭
߱һЦݣԪ񣺡ϷӴ׹£ֶȡо֪ǴһԪ벻һҲ飡
Ҷȣ֪ǰγƺҶʩ
׵ʦҶСΪԪ֪СռԪƬк⣿
ǰҲУѰһԪƬ⣬Ȼ׸ʦ
Ҫ֪ں˴Ԫ֪ж۲ڻ֪ʦ˭֪Էʲôˡ
ԪƬϷҲûʲôôǴһ֪Сռ޸𣿡
λǰ֮ͨܣ޸ԪķѰһԪƬ޸Ԫ⣬ػ죬Կƽ٣
ƽдţػ죿ĪǴʲô·ɣ
ǰãǿ벿֮ı͵Ϯȱڣȱڲ飬ȱڵĹҲвɱ磬ˣҲڷ磬ɱ磬ӶԴıҪԿƽٵƽ٣
𣿡
ʦ˫ü¡֮ͫɫ֮ʣԶŴΧɱ˫ͷħ֣󲿷ֶƬ޾֮У벻˿ɶΪԱϧ졢磬֪˫ͷħֵ
ǰĪҲǳƽ٣
ôû˫ͷħ̫ˣһڣܰκοռʡɵøɸɾһȥ䣬δ˫ͷħֽ֣Ȼ֪˫ͷħֵòױԶϳ죡
ǰҲ֪ƣ֮Ѿ٣ҪҵлԪƬԿⳡƽ٣
ţ֮ǰ˵֮˭
һλ֮ߡ֮Ī졢Ԫħ
ߡ֮ǣǿԶŴ񰡣ԶŴսǣǾ֧Ŵ񣬾ȻΪ棬Ǳ֮
ŭʦɫȼ޾ŭ
Ҷɻ󣬴ʦɫ֮У·𿴳ĳЩĪʦǰ뱱֮нʣ
ʣǽǰ򵥣ͻȻ飬ԶŴټ˷ǿߣ൱Ҳһǿߣ֪¹ش뱱֮£ͷȱڸһʱգΧɱ˫ͷħ֡
ԭǰҲμӹȱڵıս
һƽ٣񶼲ǣж˫ͷħɣ֪֮Ҳǳս֮УҲˣһ֮ߣƻָ֪ȱѾӡ
ἰ£ʦǷ֮У͸Ÿ˻ı֮Ϊһ䣬õӵ벻ȻߡһͬȻûвμǳȱڵսٱ֮ǲˣӦ֪ΪӡȱڣжԶΪ˶䣡ɺޣǿɺޣ
벻ϹŶ뱱֮һʱڣμӹǳ˫ͷħɱս
⣡
⡣
֮ǰôҲ벻һ˲ϹŶ
ָƽУҶȱȭȻһжѳΪʵǰҪ˶ÿ˶ԼѡȨǿѡ񣬵ѡȨҲҪѡܽЩ棬սܵͷ
ˣԪȥɣ
֪ʦںԤ֮£̯ģһâӡת
â֮жʱͷŴԪϢҶȼץģʩ񣺡лǰ˷
֮ˣ˫ͷħֵ̹ģһɱ죬ԪʵѾ޷ٰǸϳ죬һ죬ҲҪⷽǱ޵ʿΪ羡һ
ǰ壬ãһҪǰǰ룬ҪѰҸƬʹ˱
ʱ䲻ˣҶʦǱ
ʦӡ֮ԽҶɽ֮⣺ˣȴϢһ·أ
лǰ
軮գѼҶȵӰӡ


2413 񼣸
Ҷȴͨ壬ȫռԪ֮ʣд󶯾
۷壬Ǿʥɽռ䣬ΧһͷųںϽԴ֮С
ʱ˿̣ڿռ·һ֮
˾Ǭšơ硢纺׷׶Ͼʿʥϼʼ졢ִ֣֮֮ķһ֮
ڳжʮ֮
λ
ʥɽ֮ϣͻȻʮԶϢ
ƿشʮϹŶ
Ӹ߿գ񡢷Ѫа̫ۡ񡢺ԪۡԨ۾ʥĸÿһԶŴ񣬴ڲͬ콵١
֮ߡδʮԶŴǶôǿȱܵĳ
Ϊͬʱ߳һͷ⣬һɨǰʮ֮˫ͷħְͨйʱпɱȻɳһЩµǿߣΪһͳ˧֧Ԯ磬ϾδսԶŴսϢϢأȻ֮вˣԶŴսһ˽⣬󲿷˶ֻ֪һ֣֮д󲿷ˣҲְ֪ˣϸһ˫ͷħַ棡
ԶŴսʵҲûжҪ˵ģҪ˫ͷħֵ飬սҪΪ֣һ֮սػȱڶɹ֮֮֮˾ת̫ʥȴʥͷ𣡡
֮渵ԶŴսĴһЩǴǿߣԼԶ֮ͨɱԶͨΪսܵ飬սڷ硢ɽ硢粻ͬʱգ绹ҵԶսռ䣬һսΪԶŴս֮ҶǾͷ䣬ⳡսڴ·ģڴ֮ϣԹ֮Ϊ׵ԶŴ񣬴֮Ϊ˷ӡȱڶս
Ҳû֪ȱԭ򣬱Ȼ񣬵ʱӦݳʱв˫ͷħɱУڴȱΧʱգΧɱ˫ͷħ֣ÿһ֮½һʱգ˫ͷħɱ֮УⳡսԶŴս֮ǰ֮Ž磡
ǴµľĽһ̣⵽ƻԵʱͷΪսԴΪޣԶŴսϷΧɱ˫ͷħַӡȱڵսʱ·ͻȻҸûüԲߣͷ׷Ͷ˫ͷħɱս֮У˫ͷħƻݡǳսŪƬ׹Ľ֮У
֮ȱΧɱһ֮ľ޴ۣս˫ͷħնɱҰʣħɱȱڣһĴϱͷӡȱڣ
ӡȱڴۿ֪ǿǴµ޲ӡ֮Уһ֮Ķһ飬ԶĻԼȫûĴۣսȱڷӡļ񣬱̫֡֡һʱҲҴ⣬޷ȥ֧ԮԶŴսһֱػȱ֮£֣
ƺҲش˫ͷħֵ壬Ȼ湥ûжвڴȷȫʱԶŴսڲҽţԶŴս˺ܳʱ䣬䣬ȲѣΪ˽սʼԶͨҲһ泷һ湥ͨͨԶŴսŸһ䣬ԺʮԪĽ綼𽥻ָ֮УֱʮԪ֮ǰӭһµʱڣ
λϴԶŴսΪռһΣӶ磬׻սΪҵǣȱҲֲ˶ãһԶŴսĩսʱټλǸ֪ңҪǰ׼˫ͷħֿսսǴҪģӶһԴֻҪֵܵס˫ͷħ֣ǻٽ޷죬Ŵ飬˵磬ûм˫ͷħֵ
ÿһ֮˸ոսļ֮⣬˵֮УиʱжˣҪƣҪ˫ͷħ־һսǲɱħ֣ˣһжữΪ
ˣԶŴսۼ֤ǳƽٵ񣬼ɱƣ˸ߺ
ȻӲ㲻ǻѡ𣿡
Ҳܶ㡢ӣǲվӵ־
һ֮ر̬
ֵںһʮ֮ںеϴɢͬʱյʵټǻģħִλǾͿʼټǸʱոвԸߣȥսʱҪĲ˶࣬ŽһģٶôԶŴս˫ͷħɱģһ֮
ˣ
֪˵꣬ϷǾʥɽȻ𶯼
־âӴԴ֮н١
ֻ񼣸ˣ
񼣸ˣ
񼣸ˣ
񼣸ˣ
˻񼣸ˣ
Ԫ˫ͫȼŹԪâ֪ͨжྪˣʥɽȻͫʱ̾
Ӹ߿գοֻ񼣡񼣡˻ǶңԶ񼣣ǿ񼣣̫ˣһӾλԤ֮Ӧٶ
Ǿӵʮ֮֮ҲǼĺܡ
ֻ񼣣ǻ̫ʼˡߣˣԺúһ㣡
ͻȻƲһ࣬¶һݵ⣬ɼ˶ŭǺ뽫̫ʼѹ
˭Ϊ˵걻̫ʼѹڷôꡣ
ƣǵȥӭ֣ϲںϰ񼣣Ϊһİף簵ƴ
̫ҷֱȥӭλ֮
ҵȥ񼣣
Ƶߺһ硢纺ɳʱա
ĪǰǸҶںϵ񼣣
Ӽ˱׾ͿóƵˣںϰ񼣵֮нʣҲ֪Ļ
ɫһ뵽һˣ֣նɱϣ˷׷ں񼣣ֻҶûϢں񼣣񼣣ǿһԶ񼣣
֮Ҳ׷ĸͬȥ
ʮϹŶĿȥԪ񣺡֣浮ЩԤ֮ӣһ򵥰ĵں񼣣ں񼣵Ϣֱ񼣸ղǸӦ
ȷȼ򵥣뵱Ǽ֮ոں񼣣ͱӦҲ֮࿴
Ҳÿǿβþ֮˴棡
˴񼣣һܵʵɱҲףʱգ
ǱɱΪҪ񼣣
Զԣµõ񼣣ֻһ߶ȣҲִ߶ͨҵһЩţںϰ񼣣һֻᵮ֮ǰ񼣻飬磬һжˣ
ǻҪӳ飬Ͼ˶öԸа˴񼣣ǵλ֮ں־ػһúһ
˵


2414 ħħ
ͻͻͻ
ڼ𵴣Ʈ¡
𶯵봦޴ͷͷѪܵͫ⣬·еʥ顣
ͷıǻ͸ŽӲӵĹâʱҫۣʱ˳ǿȥޱȵͷֶһʥ
񼣣
Զ֮Уֻ񼣡񼣡񼣡˻񼣡񼣣108֮Уǰε֮һ
İݺĽ磬˲µİҲΪǿġ

֪ǳħ
Ӱֻơ硢纺Ԧգٶȿ޷۷ֱ档
ɲǼǰһǼޱȡ
ռλף
ӭ˵Ĳǰ񼣵ػߣ֣ΪһħӰֶ
һҲİֵ֣˿˰ɣ
ֶԳһڽ񼣳ںϣ˫ͷħִսĲ
Ӣüһڴӳơ纺¿ɺã֮ԺԸࡢ̫ʼǬʱˣ
Ƶٺ٣Ժǰɱˣʩչͨøںϣʱɲֻˣ
ˣ
ʱ񼣿ʼҵħĽƣԼͷƲϽ֯ţͻȻΪһâ֮С
ͷӰŴȻ𽥻ΪһӰһӡ

ƺһɲǣΪľˣ԰񼣵Ѵ֧

âȻʧӰʱΪͨͨ
Ȼں񼣵Ǹƽħ֮·ԣûзֱ𣬶ǲͬ
ңԶĴһʱ֮С
һ񼣸գֻ񼣣̫ʼȻںֻ񼣣һֻߣΪںֻ񼣶
ȥ
ҶִУǿгֵķʽõʮĻԪƬʱҪһƬǷƬĿռ䣬־𶯣ûʲôףΪ񼣵ںߣҶȼǸͬܡ
Ӧ֪񼣣лаֻ񼣡
ΪеˣʶʼҶȾ֪һǱ޵ľħţȻǵõϿɣںϰ񼣣֤֡
ӪѾγɣĽ֮Уκв
뾡ռɢڴĻԪƬֻҪƬںϴ󲿷֣Ϳչ񼣡
ˣĹ֮ٴ׹ϣ
ǰ
㣬ҶѾӦԪƬǿϢ
ݣ
֮УͻȻǰһ
磬Ȼ֮ա
һʵںˣﵽ֮ͨʵҶҲòǰ
ಣ
ͬʱӽһˣͻȻɱһָ
ָȻ͸Ŵݵľâ뽣ײ֮УռγɿµĻУǴûΪ촷ۡ
˰ѻԪں֮ͨУһֻΪ״̬ʩչ͵Ĺ
ҶȼҪΪֽкãǿߡ
ԭҲϹŶ
֮£ͷŸӦռǰҶȼӣˣϵʧȥ˹󣬿Щ񼸷ؤ
ǵϢȴ쳣ϵģڻԪﵽԽµĸ߶ȣǻԪͷ
ϹŶʦϹŶ
ôһֱ˿ӵζ
ͻȻ䣬ս⿪ʼҷһֿľ֮
ȷȷ½ζҪˣ
ǷʩչָʲôӣͻȻעҶƬա
Ҷ־ϲδΪԷеаֲΪײֶȻܸӦҵĴڣȻûȷȷҵλãѺˣϾﲻǵĵ
ಣ
˲Ϣ
ɹϵϢѾ½Ҷȵǰա
ǽҶڵգȻҶȵӰӣȷҶȾ
Ҳǰһˣʮͷϧ۴ƶҲûжװΣΨһ߳ͭССϵĽ룬Щ¡
һλһӣͷȻγ״̬һۣǴƶ
Ҷ½ǰ㻹أ
λ۽ʿͻȻĺȳ⣬ֿӣͽ𣬿ҪļһƳУ
λǰϢŭ
Ҷ¿ɰͲסˣæ
Ŷˣ
½ͽҶİ뾪㵡
ҿӱ𣡡
ͽּҶȲʶ󣬱ŭһȻһȭӡ
ȭӡϯ޵С
ȻȷҶȴȣҲװ˹ﶯұۣС
ٿ
֮һҶұﶯǹȭӡȻڰ֮Уͻأʧ
ɲǼ䣬һж
øĿռͨ벻ᣬԭһǿߣͽ㵲ѣʵж⻯⣿
ȷһ֣һԵĶ½Ҳ𺳡
ʵȻÿͬ
Ҷȭץס͵ֻǸպ·ǰȷʵûп֮⣡
½΢΢üƬʱգٻ˵·û˵ǰ򵥰ɣ
ЩϹŶ۾ĺܡ
СʵȻǿҲܷĵط˵⣬˾޷뿪
ȷĿģΪλǰΪһŲֻ֪ѰһϢ
Ҷһ͡
ϹŶ󾪣ᱦѰģ
ˣ
˫ڽӴ֮ʣҶԺͻȻһϢ
ˣ
½ͽǰǷʱա
Ϣǡ
Ϣ֮ͷŸӦӦϢ֮Ҷ˫ͫȻŴ󣺡ǾħϢ

һĻâ磬Ȼϯ
˲ϢӰգۼƿն
һߣ˫ͷѪ⣬һħͷұҲһߣѮȥͷ׷ƺزԵûм־
ƿնҶκˣȻǾħ벻ܼŵľħȫ֮ûжٲ࣡
½ȭħ桢Ϲ֣ôˣ
ұλߵһֱڰжһһ˭ʤ˴ھ͸Ϲ
࣬ʲôģħɭɭʵ
ͽҶȣ֪˵ѰȡģҲ˵ҪУᷨ
Ϲһûɫͽ𿴣㻹ߣ
ߣϹԣͽΪΣһСʵܾˣѱ𹥻ÿռͨ׾ͻˣҲ˵ͨʹûôһСӵǳ
ɣ
Ϲ󾪲ﲻѣſʼҶȣ֮Ҳɻ֮ɫ֣֣ΪθоϢǻʱ䣬ʲôģСйŹְȻܣ
ȻǵıǾǵĵˣܱСӣǱ֣ʰ
¶߳һʼߴγɵĽߡ


2415 񼣵ǿ
½һ콣ľͷ
Ľ͸Ź졣
Ľȴһַâ
ȫͬĽ
ͬ׷ļ¶ƻ
ƣҶȿɲ½Ķȥȱ˵ǲĶ֣ؼֵҲֲ֣ǵˡ
Ҷȼæȭǰǰħǰǰûλͷλǰֹɸɣ
£Ҫ˵ʲôҲ޷Ϲɨһ۶½
гֵɣ˵ҵȷһ·һӶҪ½Χߣָͨģ
Ҫ˵㣬һλǰһƣ
ƣ
ǵ
˼˼ҵȲһСӣ֪ҵȵ
ϹŶһһ㵣ܿ춼һ֮ԱǣųЦζ
˵˵ưɣ
Ҷȴͫ⣬֮óλǰһֱƬʱУ֪ı仯ǰãһЩ֮Ȼ͵ϮȱڣѾƻȱڵķöʮͷ˫ͷħɱ죬ƻȱ֮Ѿ򷲽硢ɽڴɽ缯ᣬʱɱ磡
С˵Цɣȱв֮أ͵Ϯɹ
ǰ֮
⼸λ֮Ǳ֮ߡĪ졢ԪħԶŴλǰӦ֪ǣ
ҵȻ֪˻棿
ȴڿˣ
ҶȼϹŶȻ𺳣ȴסϹŶ˵֮ߡ齨ƻ죬˫ͷħֻһУһĥٵ󱣴硢ɽ磬ִӦЩ֮硢ɽøǽ磡
Ϲִŭ֮ԶŴս֮еףɱ˵벻񳯻𾪵Ĳ֮£
ͽһɱ˵ζ߷ȼţߡǶǺ벻һΪ棬Ѫ磡
ҶٴιλǰھͿͷͨ鿴ȱڣǲ񼣣ںȱڣ
ã
ħ泤һ˦ħʼ
Ϲ֡½ͽҲ׷ͷͨ˸ӦںһϯĻɢ
Լʱ֮С
¶һջâҡͷ̫ۡ
ӡ鵽̶ֳȣԶŷӡַʧˣԶŴ־Ҳĥһգ񼣣˫ͷħɱ죬ǾȻʲô֪ħ泤ǻ£Ѫ˫ͫ͸һݲ
Ϲۺħ棬ˣģϾԶŴս̫ĴˣԶ޷ǣ
Сӣ˵֪ǵ½ְעҶϣֻû֮ǰǷݵ⡣
ã
Ҷʩܸܵĸλ֮Уλ֮УԶŴսʱڣµľͷ
˼
ĴϹŶһͬ¶޷ŵı顣
ҶְĿھħϣλ֮УֻħǰûиסΪħǰǾػߣҲǾ
֪ģ
ħͫͻȻס
ݣܱ֪Ǵϵս
ͽ𡢶½ϹҲһ棬Ҷ֪ףѾ޷֪ͣħ
λǰͷŵϢӦˣ
ȥ
һҪõԪһҲ£˵ЩͷһͬԿ˫ͷħ֡
ˣ
ǰҶȽӡ֮ȻͷųǵƣӡΪʼȼ
˿ѾĿɿڡ
⻹ǿʼҶΧ˶ʮӰÿһӰȻ壬ȴӵǿҵ־Ƿ顢ʥʮ˵־ˣ־֮󣬾ȻҶϢںϣ˵ҶѾƿǵ־
ħ̾ۿʪˣţţ벻ԶŴս󣬻оҴսᣡ
Ȼ£ͽһŵı飬ܻɣǾ־Ҳòš
Ϲľħ򣺡ʱ촦սԶ飬ܶս֮֮УоҲûпܣ
ɿҶҲħǰģʮˣﵽ£Ҳӵħ֮󣬾ķɣĽ磡
ħ͸żֲɣٰԵ˻ƣˣǲǺᣬҲһ˿ԽǵѪѣ㵽ʲôˣ
ںϣҲ⣬λǰӦǵĵ˰ɣ
ǵˣҲѣΪʲô֪µս
񼣣벻֮нҲͬ񼣣Զڹȥһ˽⣬ְͨӦλǰڵϢԲ֪һЩϢҪѰʲôĽƽ٣ʲôԵֵƽ٣ɱ˫ͷħ֣
񼣵ķ
Ӧòǣ
Ϲ½ҡҡͷһʱ벻ʲô
ھħͽҲûͷ
Ԫ
Ȼ벻ΪΣΪԪǴµľû˿ںϣȻţ˻ںϻԪ
ҶȲòƣΪռԪƬ
ԪƬ
˻һֱ˴
Ԫ겻֪Ϊԭ飬ƬɢĽ磬˾£ʼĽ磬ѰҴԪƬ֮ǿûа취޸Ԫȹƽ٣
ֻ֪Ԫʧ֪𣡡
˾Ĵ˾ˣ𣿡
˾ˣ񼣴ĺᣬȻᵮţں񼣣ͳΪµĴ˾
ϹŶ˴˽
ħҶȣҴԪƬûаеĻղˣ
˻٣ҶȵȷûϣӦԪϢħǰʳˣǰʱǲǻһЩϹŶ
Ϲ񣺡ŶӦͨ󣿡
ҶȽ͵Ҳûպӵһʣ޽ߣڸӦⷽ棬츳ƣ
ͽͻȻͷƺ뵽ʲôԪƬϣϣ
½ͻȻˣԵضֱ缸Ȼ˾йϵǵðˣҲǷ֮£䣬ԾԶػ죡
԰Ƕ׵󡭡˼ͬʱ̾
ˣæǰˣĵҲıǰҪ㽲ӵвԶŴսľͷ󲿷ֶȹеƢܲãҪҪԪ㣬ǿûаգħ͸žɫ
Ҷ̬ȼĿ֮л͸ƣ״ˣҲûѡ񣬲ЩǰԸԸ⽻ԪƬҲһҪõƬ˵Ŀģ


2416 ն޵
ϹŶ󣬷׷һǿǰҲǴ˾ӣǻͷЩŰˡ
˴ʱչֵƣȫһӵеơ
½֮󣬵һ¶Цݣ벻һˣϹŶֹģļ̵ĳ̶ȣȣ
ϹֵɣҲ֪˭ӵлԪƬʵǽȷల뿪
лλǰ
һۣջǵõΣЩϹŶõԪǾ˳ˡ
ʱա
;һЩƺ÷ƬɵĵѾȷвϹŶ
һҶȱʩʣλǰĪΪ񼣻һλλ֮䣬޴ȥǱ
Ͳ࣬ԶŴս֮Уһһ䣬ҲһԶսǴˣһﻹǵ֮Ҫһ㣬ҶսֻҸط׷ϴϹ¶µ̾Ϣ
ƽҪĽﶼûо
ԶŴսĽԶ޷ĨȥĺۼЩϹŶУҲӡʹ
ˣ
ʮȥһϢӦǡ
ϹŶڸӦ֮Уǰ֮гһɵĵÿһ֮жһϹŶ
½ܵ޵ĵطʲôûУֻа
ô
ҶעΧʱһͻأһ棬滯Ϊһߣ߷·һʿ
߼ֱһá
ӣˣ뱾źϵ
óߵˣĮȻɱ֮⣬ʵ쳣ǿֻħ泯ǹ֣һ䡣
űбɣȼյĹٿȻʧҲָƽ
λ˼רУôͻȻðһ仰ʹһַ״̬
˼һλϹŶȻڿ͸ŵ⣬ҶȴǶԻóʵ֮Ѿһֽͥζ
λǰǰ
䣬ҶĿҲһɽ
ͽһԪƬ𣿡
ԣиӦƬϢ
鷳ˣǡңׯϵǴĲã
ûϵңׯǺǣǾһ¾ϹŶķɣ
ҶȴݵЦȻӡӦңǰǱȻԣ
ĸӦ
΢΢һһλӰԭһӡ
ңׯ
ϴԿƮݡѵʡ
Ϲ֣ǰСӴڴ˴ʴʣңׯɨĴϹŶ
ħסϹ֣ӶԷׯҪҵҲסҴǣ㣬ȻǰСѴҲǿڣǲӵдԪƬ
ңׯɫסü֮к׿һ㵣ȽȽһЦԪƬʥôڱУ
ǰ
κ˵õԪȻϡ
Ҷȵңׯ񣺡ΪԪȱٴαشһЩ˫ͷħɱ죬һƽټϯĽ磬ռлԪƬܶһݶԿƽٵ
𣿡ңׯɫ˼֣ҡҡͷĽ£ѾΪĽѪ뱾޹ϵǸֱڿ͸㣬ȷڱӵһЩƬ㣡
ΪλǰΪĽѪַʽҪԪˣѾõҪĶҲǰſڿӣУֵص㣬ͣ
ˡע
֪ңׯڣͽĺȳһ
ңׯ΢΢ףڵ˱㻹Ҫ񰡣ããˣ˵ı£ǾʵõԪƬսʤԪƬ˫ַϣ
Ȼˡǰˣ
֮ǰ˵Ϊ˵õԪƬȡκֶΡ
һ裬Ҷһңׯǰ
ȻվͲˣһͷҶ𾴣ңȭ
ϹŶ˵־ͳ֣֮ǰңׯҶȱȭͻأ䣬ӰΪŤİӰ
䣡
ȭӡѸײڶ֮ƣȭӡ𶯣ʱҶȰΧȭƿؿռ䡣
˫㣡
ҶѾףʲôʱ򶼲һ
ѾǰҶȣ֮Ԥ֮ӡ
â֮󣬴˫γֻһը˫ȭ飬Ҷһ㣬ƺưȻӿŴ˫㣬ǧ
ۡ
գۼ˫㣬Ͱңׯȭӡ飬ңׯһѪֱ˫㣬ֱҪ̲ɽӰ
ҶȵʵǼʯơ
ĴϹŶĿɿڴҶǲѣһˣ̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣʵôǴһбģ
ƾɽӣڤڤ֮Уоص־ռΪκֱͨ׼һˣΪﵽԪļ°ɣ
ǲˣ
޷š
ԭһǿߣ
ңׯȻһѪˣֻԺ׼״̬£ͻȻҶȵľɰˣһʱ޷ɣѪӿ
Ҷȱأð֮ҲǶǰ𾴣ǰӦù˰ɣĿѾﵽ治˺ǰ
ңׯҿСǳĳ⣬ԾͰҪĶǣ
֪ʲôʱĴϹŶԱ߳һŹ档
ӡ
ͻȻһӰһλСӡ

Ӹո֪ΧַһӰ
ˣʵ˿ֱֲ֮ûٷֱ𰡣ЩϹŶ׷׾̾
ħ浱ڻӭλϹŶԼʮˣ׵λλ뱾źԨԴ֪λ֮ͣܵõϿ֮ˣӵ־Լ˵ˣ
𣿡
ϹŶһħĻŷ׷֪ҶȾȻõںϡ
ʲô
Ǵ쵮νս񣬴δ˿ںǣ֮ҲֻԵǰˡ
ðɡˣʵôҶõϿɣңׯǸǿߵˣҪĶ
ңׯѵΧƣƽػ֣һâҶǰӿ
Ԫ
õâ֮ҶȺȻʮϹŶĿһλߣλǰ֪ҲлԪƬǰø
Ŷ
˷׷׿ߡ
Ҳһ벻Ȼܣᱻһ˲
ߣȻ˿󣬺β˳ˮ飿ӵ
ǱҲҪʵ
ߡߡһͻȻռ仯ΪɷһеƣҶȾ
ֻءЩϹŶһһƢ֡
ȻˣҶҲԸϹŶҲҪó汾£Ҫ֪ÿһϹŶӵп֮ʵ
һΣ߶ֻͨ
䣡
һԳߵĹʱһƬһƬұըȻֹʧӰ١


2417 ԰񼣵ľͷ

Ǻεͨ޷ӡʽ
ϤϤ
ֻ񼣵Ĺͨҵ걾ֻ¼йӴϢܽȻռϣѵռѭ֮УֻĻƣ
һĻ˶סˡ
ûнӡûдκοռ״̬֮£ߵͨ
ֻͨ
ϹŶˢˢҶȣֻǿǿ֮һţ˲ҶȾֻ񼣳Ϲϵ
ףΪǰˣӵƵԭ
ԭĶֻ֣ͨߡ
ȡҲңׯһâҶȡ
ǴԪƬ
λ
ھϹŶ֣˵Ҷȣõâ֮ɲع֮ߡ֮񡭡ı͵Ϯȱڣȱڷӡһҡҡ׹״̬Ҳ磬ռԪƬһƽټϯĽ磬ϣƽٵ֮ʣλǰǰ㣬ΪĽѪ
ˣûʸ˵Щ
Ҳ粢δҶǰ㡣
ȴҶҪ˵ϹŶȫӦԺƽ١
ûһϹŶӦ
һֹˮɫҶȲŻȻǰʲôʸ˵ⷬ
ÿһˣǶΪĽ磬ѪЩ񣬿ɵͷأĽָЩӢʲô
ԭ򲻵ˣЩϹŶѾģΪǿ̫
ʸ
һûоսʹˣȷûʸǰ˵ֻ
ಣ
󲿷ϹŶȻȥ
ͽ𡢶½Ϲ֡ħ½ʵҪҵĻԪƬ𣿡
ϢҶȵҲܵӰ졣
ɣõ뿪
˿ҲܵҶǰȥ
ʮϢһƯǰ
һô
ܲ򵥰
ɫ΢ҶͷŸӦβǸӦԪϢǸӦǺη
ţ
ˣˣϢҶʱ󾪣ħǡ񼣵Ϣѵǰǿߣ
ϹصˣϹŶ˵ģҪõԪƬҪΪҲǺ˽⣬ֻ֪һ㣬֮У
˵ĵţǶ룬Ӳκ˽ΨɱˣͽǷݿŭҲˡ
Ҳɵ
лǰѣ
Ҷ侲֮ͷŻ֮λǰҪԪƬǰ壬óƬ

˻Ƶľܾϵ

ȻϹŶҶһˣҲϹŶ
ҶȹõԪƬ͹
׼Ϊһ˰ɣ
ͻȻһŵϢȻ󼱴ٺϴ
ħϹŶʼ˺ඣһ䣬ҪСģʵǳǶ֪ʵ֮еľʵ֪ʵڲУͲҪӲţ
ģ
벻˳õϹŶеƬҪһս
ಣ
һӰԿѾò˫ֶûκѪ⣬˾һƤǣϿԼܶ˺ۣƺǲ֮ǰɵģòȥҲһʮ겻ˡ
벻һϹŶȴӵס
㲻ӣһһ쳣ͳŴԵɳơ
ˣ
ʱ׼ԷֵҶȣӿʱԺͻȻһ龻֣һʶϢ΢΢
ô£ӵ־Ԫ֮УһϢ
鿴֮ǲš
ǰλδ棬ӦòнʣΪλ龻ֻӦ
ѵΪ񼣣ǰ
һģ
ͷ­΢΢̧¶ǸɰͰ͵˫ͫԼĿ⣬ҡҡͷ֮ͻȻһʧ
ͻͻͻ
ʯ䣬ҶΧͻȻʼըĴ֣ͬʱץ
գ
Χһؿʼգɣʼһʣžȼš
ⲻѰĻϵͨȻںϵ㵹һǱĸ֣
ӵĴֶգӺ⣬̾һ֮ͻȻĳһħ⽣
»ȼգͬһֱͬƱӹҶȣƲ⣬
޽
һץסͻȻ𣬵һħ⽣֮ϡ

ǿһȻ˭ûһ֡
ǿ֮ǰǿԶϹŶһĻٴαҶչֵʵ𺳣ҶƺԽսԽ£ǿǿ
ʵƺƿغܶ෽ڵĻԪƺδﵽԪ䣬ǡ˽λ񣡡
ѹڰ֮ϵӣſʼ˽λҽ֣ﵽ̶ֳȣţ̫ϧ
ѵԷҪʩչԪͨҶɫˡ

Ӵһ
ħ⽣ȻӿֳһЩ⡣
꣡
ħ⽣Ϊһ͸žħʱ΢΢ħҶе޽飬ħֱҶȵʺ
ٿ
ΣͻȻҪɱҶȣĴһɱϵħۡ
벻ħȥɲǣҶȾͲˣϢ֪ȥһ㡣
գ
ϹŶĶΪҶһѺҲܺ棬ҶȵǱжྪˣûʧܻգȷ
ǰҪȥ𣿡
֮УҶȻ˵
ħһͷɳȼյռ䣬һЦ벻˸ֿ뱾˵ȷ򵥣ʵǿˣԪǱõģҲûãҪʵȡ
ˣ
־Ԫ֮
ҶںϹ֮󣬵һʩչԼԼʵ
ȻֳһӲӣоâĽشӷ֮߳ں־ԼԪ
ˣҲ߶˴ߡ޽ߡߡ
Ӵ󾪴󺧣ǿ־һˣΪƿ־Ϣ㾳̫ˣ
һħӽӡУͬʱΧִħ֣Щ֮УԼдԪ
߳
ͬҶȶȥ
컯Ϊ¯
߶Ҷһ

ʱ䣬ӼɱǰʱΧʾȻͬʱӰ·һеʣҶȿ֮С
һĻ뵱ʱ̫ԸʱͷŵͨΪơ
ΪǶ־ںߡ
ͻͻͻ
泾Ϊ״̬Ӹ߿աΧӡ
ˣΧռ·סӵٶܵӰ죬ԽԽǾٲС
ӼæӶħһ㶼ɣħΧĽη棺㾹Ȼ־Ȼϵ֮ͨκλԪͷҲ˳̶ȣ
ǰ棬ҲǱǰƵûа취Ұ˽λΪԪͷ֣ȻӦ
㵹ǹ̹ϣСˣֻԿƿռ䣡
ΪӣȻ۱䡣


2418 ֮
֮ǰ뽻֣ȼʧѾõս־ҶȰڴҲ뿴Ԫͷƿؿռ
ΪĽסǰ·ҶȶԿռƿȻС
Ȼƴ֮󣬿ķ潣ʼھԲ״̬ݱһ翿ӵʲϻΪ촷ۣһ齣ηʼ⡣
Ǭλ
кڽһƬ̿ռ䷴Ϊħ棬µĻԪȼգһռǰһħͨ
ͻͻ
֮ͨУӾٴͨʿռ䣬ݺݵһӳʱǰʮռ䣬׷׶ǽ¡
ǾͷôͻҶȵƿؿռ䡣
֪Ҷƿؿռɲͨ
ǡܣ
Ҳ츳
κβ츳ʿ˵ʩչͨҪԼԪģǶ츳˵΢
ԼƣѹǿУֶΣ
߶־ı뵽ǰôǿжԿһĻĻܽʵǸơ
ΪУ
趯־Ҷȴʱ翪ٵصľǿߣݽ趯գ躹ڣΧռ䣬ʷ׷׿ֲط
٣һһǣ
ӸոտҶڿռ䣬ҶԿռͨܣһˣʼͷͨ

Ƭɷںϣһһƶײ
߳߳
յһĨ৵ħ⽣Χռ䣬ЩƬ׷顣
޼᲻ݣܣκι޷סǴˣƬЩƬһοʼᣬָԭ״
һĻǲֵܳġ
ƾιƬ飬ɣɻٴӷһνһΣ·Զֹͣ
ǺǣðɣӮ㣬ȴۿ㣡
ĸԼơ
ռͨʡ־ͳͳҶȵƣЩͨȻǾ
ȻڴʱҲӳ˵ãϵ泾ռ䡢־ںϣκη涼ΪҶá
֮ͨзֱ𣿡
ԶĴϹŶʱ˿֪ӵҶȻʵӣ棬Ȼﵽ˺ŵĳ̶ȣۺҶʵ뵱ͷ֡
һȻҶ֮С
ϹӾħ棬о̾ĪѾ֮
ħҡҡͷûиӦ񼣵ϢǲǶ񼣶ڶƺûʩչֶΣԿǲ֮֮ʵԶֹˣͨһ֮Ҳܱģ
ôꡭ벻ǳսס
һʱ
ڼֲˣ̫ˣΣ޷ɱƳȥ
ӵߵҶȣȻĵ̾ǰ˰ɣȥѾʧȥ壡
ãá
ͻȻֹͣͷâͬʱΧĸֹҲ׷ʧץһâ׸Ҷȣˣˣӿʼڣ㶷壬׶ˣһʲô
Ӵͷɥתߡ
һȣ
õԪּӸоû˼άһʬ⣬ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôǰ׵ȷǳս֮䡭㻹֪ɣĴߣոյõ񼣴Уµİ׵ˣ
ûƭңת˫ͫƵضҶȡ
¿Цںϰ񼣵ԿףһλɽķѣΪħ֮еĸţõϿɣҾǰãոո񼣣Ϊµ֮ϣǰԻص񼣣
ص񼣣
͵شӾϲΪĮҲزţˡˡңңҲǣҲóѣˣﲻģ
ಣ
˵꣬Ͳطɻص
Ī̫ã񲣿ˣף
Ȱذ񼣣£ӽԷҶȾͷͷ
ããܽס
ǿһϷ
ĴϹŶ
ӭͷҶȸмһӵдԪƬϢõһ֣ͻ뿪ٴλУ
½˦˦䣬Цʵ㲻лǣЩǿӮģǺθɣֻʵʱһʵ·߰ˣ
գһ֮󣬲ҶȿڣϹŶǰķգɲǼһ¶Ŀ⡣
Ҷϸ壬овԾĵطǰĻԪƬϢǰʱ֮Уô
ħ϶
дĪλϹŶǳһ㣿
㵹Ǻܿ뵽㣬ˣȻ˾ʶɷ֪񼣣
񼣣ȻϤҲжţǿԶȵ֮һ
ǾǶˣǰλΪơǹµľǿߣԶŴս֮бضҲ׷ףɱ֮
ͽƺٳ߶ЩｻҲ٣ҲãֻҪǿϼ䣡
ƣ
λϹŶ֮ߣǾ
񼣣
ˣǼ񼣡̫ڤ񡢺񼣵Զ񼣣һͬĴڣ񼣵ףǹ֮ʵʱ̫֮ڤȼĴڡ
Ŀġˣ
δȼ˿һͻȻ͸
½ףһЦ֣˼߶ˣλҲΪĽ
λ˺ܲ򵥡
Ҳ֪Էǲǣʥһһ˫Ϥ۾ص˵ħϢλˣҲں֮󣡡
ôܣ
ƴ˻һ˶Ϊһ
λ˲˵ԡҲ˵̫֮࣬ԪƬڱҲûáֻû뵽ЩƬ
һƹâǰ֮з
ڹâϢ֮ڣ͸ҶҪҵĻԪƬϢ
ץУҶǰ壡
콥ϯȱϴҲӦһ֣ȥ˿벻պƽٻٴνĽ磬ˣǹ֮ĵӣʦݺ磬ҼԶŴõλܵĴУܵõҲʦԣһ죬ﵽ״̬
Ǻεȵ״̬
Ҳ޷ش㣬Ϊʦġߡ򷨹棬·ܴ֮УϤĳʴڵӡȱ֮ʱǴЦݶ˫ۣûʹ࣬ûʧһڴЦݣ
ΡпܣᾡߵǸ߶ȣ
СȻѵ֮꣬ΪһһκȵҪ죬һȥ˫ͷħ֣˵סԶʿһ
ģʹ˱
֮ҶϹŶʧƬʱա
綾
һɽϡ
һϷ
Ӿơ
۾Ȼڱһںڵľ綾ʴߵҲѪģ
Ʊ˫ͷħɻܻšʲôã˫ͷħֵѪҺȻϾ綾޷⣬ĥԶԶϣ
ûС


2419 С
ͨҲռĻԪƬֻҪҵһƬϢô󲿷Ƭռ
뿪ƬӵڶϹŶʱ֮⣬߶־ҶһδδԽռ䡣
һӦһʱգӵһɺܾ˵ĻԪϢ֪ʲôʱա
ֻҪռƬͳͳںϵһӵд󲿷ֻԪƬʱҵƬѲ¡
ǰƬʱա
ʱȥҶߴ磬λá
ͻȻ䣬һƬϢڵʱ͸һɺܲĸо
ܿʱǰȥȥǺȻһƬʱգΧʲôҲûУԪϢǰʱС
ֽ磬ͫܿŷϲЦݣǰһܴķƬԪϢС
ôûУ
ƬϿգӦѰңδκһԪƬ
ԪϢ
ô£
ҶȸоƬԽ͸Ź죬֮ǰӦʱͷƬռЩζоƽʱղ࣬־͹ڻԪƬڷ棬ʲôûС
ҵĸӦдһлԪƬֻ˵Ƭռ⡭
˷ڷ֮ϣϽӡߡߡߡ޽ߡ
һ˵ǽ
ѵҲ£
Ȼܡ
Ĵںͷ֮󣬿ռ䰲ƬһռԪڿռ֮йӿ״ֻ̬ûκ󷨻ǽ硣
ԣ϶вԵĵط
ģ־ޱߣ
ͷʵĻϣְ֮ӵмԦ־߶־ʱӿߡߡߡ޽ں֮£ҶȸӦ羹һЩ΢仯
յռ֮УһȦľ⡣
־ҶȻϤǻԪѰĻԪ·ǾʿйĻԪ쳣档
ںеܼôһľ㡭ƬռȻ
ʱ䣡
ҶҪʱӦɿʼƽҲӿţиӦǲ㾧⿪ʼ졣
һȥ
һ죡
ʮ֮󣬳ҶȸӦ֮еľ㾹Ƭռ䣬ںһ𣬴⴩ռ䣬ѿռ佻֯һ㾧硣
磬Ǿ˵ӵһʱգЩʱյĽ㡣
ԭƬͨһصʱա
ʮŸӦһ־磬֪ҪòܸӦռĽ㣡
ίʵˣΪԼƿ־޷ӦʱյĴڣȫӦŸӦʱյĴڡ
⵽һ磿
ȱڣ
̫ɿںϴԴԴϵʱʱ̿Ϊ
ȱһˣʱʱһڶ֣һ˫ͷħγڶſڹȱڣﵽϰκһʵ֮࣬ϰλ֮Ϲȱڡ
Ǳһ񼣣һ֮ȱֵܵ˫ͷħֹ
Ԫۣǿ׼ã
Ȼ䣬һӰֶӰϢڲͬһֹϢ΢΢
ԭǺ񼣵ףԪۡ
Ԫ۵ÿһλ֮ټססֻססס׵½ܻ֮ҪܳʱӪһս纣˾ѻصˮټ塢еĸ֣
ÿһ񼣼սϴԶŶǿ䡭ֻϣЩϵԤ֮ӣܾɳЩ˻ü֣
Щ½ף׶׼ã̻һָ֣ػȱڣһСµ磬󲿷ָݷȴս
Һǻסȱһӡ
ԶŴüͫУ֮ɫ
磬ããˮ
˾֮еĺʲôѹǣ
ӵգһӰ
˾ʮԶžͷԱ纺Լ֮
һֱȡҺ壬ˮΪ£ԲŻõսҺ壡
֮еĺǲ࣬ЩӵԶʹҺԶԸЩҲֻѹƺ壡
ٺ٣ڻõЩ
纺
񶼵ˣһͳˮһЩʲô
һᣬ˾ʾٶȷ𽥳ֺɫˮ͵ǰǺĴ磬һƬΪ֮Ԩݷ
֮ԨǷ׹ˮĵط֮һӵնɷ֮γɣǿĺ壬һʱǺǿҲ֣ܰȴҪõˮ򣡡
纺ͨںϣͶˮһһͷһͷħ㣬֮Ԩ֮޵еĴڣһͷѪٶȾˣһͷͨһһͷӦЩ껹ᵮһЩĺ񣡡
֮Ԩ
߿֮ϣƷǰˮһƬɫޱߵˮûкֻӣѰӣ֮͸ŹԼŵζ
żҪһõӦ԰취ܰʧ޶ȣ
˾侲˵纺ҲĿͶŵңԶ֮Ԩ
죡
һʮȥ
֮еҶȣо˯ˣǰһ磬ľⲻǰҫۣһصѹƣһ޷˸ӦϢĴڡ
ˣ
ҶȻ˫ۣڳ֣ܣĺԼںϣȫԽ֮оǴһ磬κʿɡ
ˡôԪ˼ʶԪҲû֪ںδĪռǴԪ֮أǴ˵֮еġС磿
ںϴԪʼҶȾһֱռԪϣŴԪһΪСĵطû˿Լû֪
Сһ˵ǲܴڵĵط
ѵС磿
޺棬һԾգԽسڸӦ֮С
ԣ֮УʱֳĽ磬ǸӦϣҶȼĴڣԱ߻ˣûҶȰ޷ġ
ô
ͻȻ䣬ǾҲ࣬ҶȼһƶһĿӡ
һ͸ڿǰӹȻǱģǺܶǰŷ£ΪĽ綼ںһ֡
ҽĵط
ûҪ취磬벻һӣÿͨ־㡣
ӡ֮־Ȼںϡ
ˡ
һǿҵĻԪƬϢӿռ֮пʼ
кܶԪƬ֪ǲС硭ǵĻӦûкܶԪϢͬҿЩںϴԪ
ԽԽҪںϴӵռĻԪƬƬѾܾˣ⴦ռǲѡ
ˡ
ںϽܲףҶӵ־֪ʲôʱܳɹڴʱڵĻԪƬ֮ǰںϵһ֣ͻȻӿһЩԪϢҶӿ硣


2420 Ϸ̳
Ŷ
֣֣
ԪͷϢʱսںϡ˵ʲô˵ʱյĽ磬ӵԪͬ
пܾС硣

õԪͷһṦ򣬽ںϣ۵죬ɲһ硣
˳һҶ˾ռ֮УһȻǷ棬ȴ͸ŴԪĹʱգҶǰ
ոɣռ֮УҶȲԶŻҲһֵĻԪϢ
ϢȻǺǿʢȴʱȻΪһ塣
С磬ΪԪϢͷţʱںϣܽϢںƬ֮С
̫ˣһҾͿ޲ԪƬ˾ˣֱһ硭ˣ
С硣
һ磬ʶһ˵ʵСĻҪ磬ҲֻдԴʥɽڵĿռ䣬Ტۡ
һںϴԪڴУ°빦
ԪƬأ
¿ɺãΪС紦ǻԪϢĸӦû֮أֻѰҡ
ಣ
ǰȥСӵ泾ǰ㾪ˣҺҶӵ־ﻹҪܵһ
ʥɽǷ̳
ԶԶȥǰ֮УһľɽҶĿ⡣
ʲôЩںģ
Ҫɽ֮ʣ·ķ棬һаɵĺʣһסĿ⡣
ϿһҶͫȫ𺳡
ΪǺɫʲôʣһͷ˫ͷħ֡
ȻҶδ˫ͷħֽ֣Ҳ֮УԼڴļţ֪˫ͷħʲôӣ·Ȼһͷ˫ͷħֵʬ塣
Ȼʬ壬ҶȾͲõģʵ»˫ͷħֵĶ֡
ֹһͷ鶼ǡ
׸߿£ذʱҶȾͷһЩ棬Ÿ˫ͷħ֣ж٣Ӧϰͷ֮ࡣ
Һö䣬ϸϸһ󲿷ʬ嶼ڳʱʴ£󲿷ֶѳΪʣ֪˶ܱ꣬ʴֵز
˫ͷħ֣ô£СΪλô˫ͷħ֣
һĻҶȵĳһνһΣһαһҡ
˫ͷħʵǿ֮Ըףϰ֮࣬ʲô˿նɱô
˫ͷħֵʬɶǱƱػ˫ͷħֽ֣ҾǵϢȻϴó
ڰպһҶڴ֮лͻȻǻᣬһĻᣬӵ˫ͷħĴʱƿ˫ͷħֵϢ֮󣬽϶á
Ѱһ飬ֻһ˫ͷħֵʬ壬żٵĶѱʴѾΪһ֡
ƣ
վ˫ͷħֱ·Լм˫ͷħһʹ￪ʼһץȥ
أ
ǵ͹˫ͷħ֣ȻΪħ֣ʲôһȥȴûлħ̵ּı
жӲ
ҶǶ˫ͷħһ˽ˣֲԶŴ񣬷׷֮£ίʵˡ
̫һ罣
һҪ߶ǿ̫⣬Ҳ޼˻ףԼĲںϵ
ݡ
Ϲ⽣Ҷһӣգ߳һ̫һ罣ɹ˫ͷħֱһһ߳ǳǳۡ
ƣֳӲǻħж
벻ͨʵѴﵽ֮ʲôԿĴڣûУȴˣ˫ͷħ֡
벻ħ˿ֲһﶼöԸ
߳߳
һУǾеڶ
Լʮһ߳ĽۻϣǿһɳһߵĽۣ˺֮ȫںڵѪ⣬ԼһɺưĹ
գ
ͬǰ߶һץӿ˿Ѫ⡣

һЩѪԼϢʱӿģһж˳ҶҲӵ˫ͷħϢ֮һְա
͡
ѪϢĽӴѪ֮еĺѪȻȼվ˺ɫ棬ȻȼգҪҶȵơ
ħֵѪҺ֮УȻ˿µľ綾
ŵҶֹͣ߶򣬼æͷͨħѪѪ̺ĶȻ޷Ƴơ
Ҷκ벻Ȼбɵһ졣
߳߳
취ʱħѪ綾ѾƶҶȵѪҺ⣬ɸոѪ⣬ҶѪⱬѪȻħѪ綾𿪣Ѫ綾һС
һĻҶҲ벻ȻץסᣬѾ綾ǿֻܿߵ׷𿪡
һƣΪѪģ״̬ҺѪ⿪ʼԾٶǽѪӶʮϣ˲ͻָˡ
ƶӰ죬һ󣬿²Ҫϵ˶Σա
ħֵѪҺӵо綾ܾ˵ĶҵѪҺ棬ƺпơֹħѪ
ú˼ҶȻ벻ףֻ˫ͷħֵ
ٴδ߶ֻкưĺɫģӴɲǣҶȾͷħֵ֮УҪռһԷøɸɾ
ħֵ֮УԪﵽĸ߶ȣӦǴﵽ˻Ԫļ£ҲԪ쾳磬˵һͷħֻʵӦöﵽԪܸߵľ磬ɡĻԪħֵ֮лһһĿ¿ռƿ־
ֺ֮ܶྪ˵˫ͷħΪ˿ֲԭ򣬵ȷĽв
ޱ˫ͷħйϵ壿
ЩϢںҶ˵İһϤζܿ뵽ޡ
޵ֱ˫ͷħд
ˡ
һЩϧͷħΪ˳ʴ
߿գǰȥ
ϸϸһԭǲʥɽһ̳
̳Լ̫޴ޱȣΣϧ̳Ǳƻĺۼ뼸ΪһƬ档
̳ϣҶȾ;ˣΪ̳ʣȻҲǱݾ壬ˮһ̣ҺӴЩ̳壬޲ȱڣǾͻᳬԽԶŴ񣬲޲ںϣҲȱڣһ塣
ǳΣʱΨļʣһҲףҲʣһƣҪԶŴɣ
Ҫ̳ⷨǲܵģǹ֮ҲܣͿô෽޲ȱڡ
С硭̳ѵǴµģ˴ܵ˺嫵ķ̳еڶˣ
̳ߣҲǿɵģֻһܣ˴Ԫ̳
ֻϧ̳Ѿܵƻ
ѵƻ̳˫ͷħ֣СĽ磬Ǵħֹ֮󣬴ɣɱպƻ̳˴Ԫ
һҶȶŵ뷨ӿķ̳ܰƻﵽֵزģҲֻ˫ͷħ֡
Ϸ̳
ϰͷ˫ͷħʬ壡
߲ѽһ𣬵Ԫʧû֪ʧˣˣֱõԪƬˣ֪ԪȻ飬ٿЩ˫ͷħ֣뵽ȱڡ
һеߣȻ˫ͷħ֡
Ǵ˫ͷħ֡


2421 ȱȫĻԪ
Ȼνͣ˫ͷħ
СΪģ
ˣˣ˫ͷħҪĽ磬ҪƻľǴǿȻ֧ĽĴԪԪóκ񼣣һ飬Ľ֧ţҲ޷ֵ˫ͷħֵ˵ԪҲǶԿƽٵĴڣ
һϵеĲ룬հƺͻһ㡣
뵽ҶȻ뿴ûдԪƬȻá
̳룬Сٴζƻ
뷨̳һԲΣݣݵľͷ룬Ǵ档
̫ˣ
ڷ̳Ͽգ·Բη֮£Ҷһ۾Ϳ˴ԪƬһǰ㣬ǵײеĲ֡
Ϊǵײ
Բη̳ӦǴԪĵطҲ˵꣬Ԫ̳֮ⷨУȻεضֱ񷣬ײ̳ⷨһѾݣ֧ء
ٿ
֮ҶȶԷ㣬һĨһ𿪣ɲǼ¶һξĴԪȻǻԪײһˣ뷨̳ںһ𣬲֪жӦҲֻһ֡
߶ȡ¶ﵽǳ˵ĳ̶ȡ
²˳٣ڳԪײȻںϡ
ڣ
Ц巨̳˼̣ڵĶڣҲҪڵ£
ֱûԪⲿںϣں֮ҾͿ׽ӷ̳ȡÿշ̳ںԪƬ
ͻϮ·룬Χ泹̽ӡһ罵ڷ̳֮ϡ
ˣ
̯ģʮɸߵĴԪ
ҶǰռĻԪǳˣӵٴռƬʲô
ͨҲˣ
Ҫں֮ʣҶȾϲӦͨϢڴĵطͨС硣
ͨҶںϣѾҵлԪƬ̫ˣԶԶǰʮɸߵĻԪƬ
ĿǰҪںϵĻԪ뷨̳֮µĻԪײƬںϣ󲿷ںϣͿԽ÷̳֮ںϸƬ
Ԫ𽥵شҶ룬ƿ档
ͻͻͻ
̳Ȼ˶֮С磬·һӻŻԪڷ֮ϣǵײںһ𣬴âΧ̳ڴʱҲͷų۵Ĺ
һҶռĻԪײƬȻںϣɼҶһֻԪƬڵײⲿ֡
ʱ˿̣ҶּһƬ嫵ĹϿռ䣬Ƕڷ̳ײƬ֡
ԪƬ̫࣬ںϴ󲿷֣ʹãҲҪи壡
ҪںϸĻԪƬҪһʱ䣬ͬʱҲҪ߶̳ԪջԪ

硢ɽ硢硢ռƬˡ
ԼнǧƬеɾ޴еƿСΧҶΧһںϵĻŻγɷǳ޴ĻԪ
ˣ
ЩƬڷ̳ϿգСĻԪ΢ϢƬӦƬտռ֮еͬϢ
һҶںϱøס
ƬڲʱƬͬ庣󣬸оƬںͬʱҶҲվ˵ĻĻȻҪ񼣡
Ҳ˵С磬ԶԶ108񼣡
ˣ֮ܵ״̬ϧҶںգܽСȫա
С罫дôһ磬ֻңԼƻ˲֪ԺҿԴκǿΪṩ
Щż̰ģһڳԲӡ
æ侲ںϻԪƬΪֻҪƬںϣӵлԪ󲿷֣ǽиգָĴԪ
ڶںϿʼƬСں˵ףҶֻҪ߶ںϵĻԪ̡
ৣ
ǵƬʼ˷ڷĻԪںϣÿһںϣҶȾܿԪڲռڲ϶㡣
ԪԽԽߣڷ̳֮еƬʮɸߣҴƬںϡ
ȥѾﵽʮɣĿǰںϵĻԪԿ𻵺ۼԪȻܵġ
ڷײƯĻԪ֮䣬ҲڵײƬں϶ҶȹȻռ󲿷ƬԼ󣬵ײԪںϳֻ֮ǻһЩƬ
鴦ҲѾûƬΪЩΪ촷ۡȥң
֮ǰҶԼɽ硢õƬںʮɸߣںϹ֮ٴ硢ɽ硢ںϵƬѾܾˣǵƬԶԶҶռļ
ǰĸ߶ȣȻļޡ
Ƭɻں϶һһ飬ٶȲˣһδںϣҶȴĴݵġ
Ԫڲռ䣬͸оСһһڲ磬һδںϣ粻ϱоڵ磬һ޵磬صУΪһһǻ硣
գȥ
ɸߵĻԪΰشڷ̳ȻС룬ֻĹ໥֯͵ؿȥԪƺٴ֧ء
˿ҶȣںƬĸӦ֮УԪڲֱһСһص磬̺һǿʢҴԪʱʱ̿Ȼ֮һЩصоͰ޵
ԪƺԴȪǴһǳԽһеĴڡ
ϧԪȥ׳ޱȣǴӵײ߶ˣۣν˺ۣطȱƬ˵кܶƬδҵ
ˣԪҲ״̬֪ƬָԪԭò
ҪǴ߶Ԫһ񼣶Ի𣬵ôһҪ飬ۼеƬҪ뾡취޲Ԫ״̬ܶԿƽ𣿡
֮࣬ҶͻȻ侲˫ץɸ߻Ԫɣ
䣡
ͬ˫־ͬʱ߶Ԫץʱ̳С綼ڲҺûԪܵҶȿƣɲǼ䣬Ԫ̳֮Уԭ¶˻ʮɣ覡
벻滹ôһ֣
ɨһԪҶڣ֮С
С磬طã޲Ԫ˵·ʣ޲񼣡
ڴﵽĿģϧ޷Сߣֻٴдôתǰշȥ
СΧʱգ벻Զĺڰ֮С
ʮͷ˫ͷħ־Ȼ֮Уϴûռ𶯣ҲδƻգоվǴͨ
С硭
ͷħԴϣλֶǰǺͫ˸֮ɫٻӦòǸҿЦɣٻʲɱС磬ȫûĴۣܴԪ𣿡
ƴ۴ݻϼһµĻԪʱںϻԪϼһ⣬ܻں
ȻٻˣпܷʲôٴεõԪ˵һ֣֮
С绹ǴԪϴûа㳹׻αҪ㻯ΪУ
ϼһﰡϼһ㵱һʲô壬´Ԫཨһ񼣣ջҪ𣡡
䣬һħѾͣ


2422 ĕ
ˣ
ֻз棬Լռ䣬ȻܲԼΧһƬޡ
ʲôҲûеĿռ䣬ͻȻȦ𽥵죬ֱһӰڴâ·ɳʧ
ڿԿǸ񼣵£缴սȻڤ޷ֹ뵽һ취ⳡս硢硢ɽ磬ӦȫԸɱĽ˫ͷħ֣
Ưڷ֮УҶ뵽ܶ෽棬Ҫչ񼣣Լ־һںϣʵȵȡ

ͣƬ̣ʩչԦռٶȻһʱա
ٿ
ٶȴﵽ£Ҫռ䣬֪ǰΧռ䣬ͻȻŤҳֳһкڶ
ĪضȻ֮
üͷһΧŤռ䣬úܹ죬޷˵䣬æٶȷƬռ䡣
ٿ
뵽˳ڶռ䣬ƬռֳŤ״̬Ҫǰɡ
˭
ȻˣҶȾڶԼҲٿ֮ΪȻǾû˿Է˾˿ռ乥Ǵﵽµ޵ҲС
Է޻ӦŤйҶȣѰΧռƣѺ·
ߣ޽ߡߣںƿκȻռ䡣
򣡡
κƶ̫Σգֻл޴УҶ߶򣬴ʼԼΧռʱΪһ澪˵ĿռС
ͻͻͻ
䣡
кڶŤӴȻײпռ伸ͬʱ𶯡
ں̺磬δ֣ܰѿռõȻɵز࡭ɱնɱκοռ䶼Ұģô࣡
һкڶ֮Уһ˫ͫںڵͫоһ˫ǳ˫ͷħһӡ
ɽ̤һͷħֱϣΧһ˫ͷħ֡
ĴУ˿£վǰ඼޷ԤǵĴڡ
𣡡
΢΢һ
ͷ˫ͷħֵβͻȻһ¡һͻȻһŴ󹭣ԦҶȺ󷽿ռ䡣
أ
עڼԦ֮ϣȻҶҲͷŸӦΧռ𶯣ԸӦӰ죬ⲻ֪ǼӲħǾһȭ͵ҶȺ֮ϡ
һײʹô򳹵ʧȥƿأҶҲ緢ڵֱײԶպ뿪млĿռ֮С
סڵѪҶ־ѸӦ£øʡ

ջǰǴƬռ֮УȻдϴռ·ɱ
־֮£ʹҶȶϢԼĸӦﵽ˼£ؼǰǹ춯ֻ׾롣
ֶ̾£ȫӦ״̬κˡʡ޷ӹ
ӦãһӦȫëֱһ룬ΪǰǿʲôûеĿռ䣬Ȼֶʮ޴ߡƴ治ζĹ
ɱЩ˫ͷħ֡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷסֲɫ˫ͷħ֣Ȼ˫ͷħ֡
ô˫ͷħ֣
ֻһܣϴȱڴսٷŽЩ˫ͷħ֡
ø࣬ûܰײֲ֮ǿ㲻Ϊ˴ԪҲҪɱ˴ˣ
Ǿ޴˫ͷħֱϣĮӦһ䡣
иࣿ
ͻȻվ߶ʮԼѪָشղһײûʲô£ʵ״̬嶼ɢһ
Ӧ֮Уλӡ
ֻһۣͶˣԷȻһͳ˧ĴڣҲܼԦ˫ͷħ֡

Է̫ǿˣֶ࣬Ҷֻѡݱܷͷ߶ǧͼ־ռԦٶ˼¡
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾͻΪǳâȥ
üͷһٶȣ벻˾ˣܸˣٻҪôõǻĴԪ

ʮͷħζӣһΰڶһƬʱգ˲ͼҶӰӣȻԽ׷Խ
벻ﵽٶȣ׷һֻٻ񼣣Ǽȫ߶ǧͼ괩󡭡
ͷһ˫ͷħѾ׷ף֮󣬳׽׷
ûһȥ
벻һ࣬ٶǱȼ硣
ȻһԾȻһӰͲˡ
ʥǹ
䣬ҶȾ͸Ӧһɱ⣬Ϣֱƺ󷽣̫ˣתץס̵Ĺʥǹһǹ̳

ʥǹһɺײһ꣬ʥǹȻ˲ÿʼ顣
ǡѵǹ̫֮⣿
ͬʱǰӲӿֻ֣ȭͷȻڵѪѪ죬ںɫ
һУ˼ܾˡ
Ҷȴ߶ʥǹ潻֣£ٴμأںӣȭͷҲ˵
ղŹʥǹһй΢΢ԷϢܡ㵵ӺӣİӣͻȻֶһݷٵӰӡ
òһٵʾ߷
ಣ
Ҷֻܳûٴѡߡ
ǺӼͬʱһٵ׷ȥҶٶȱֲµĵزǲС
ӽһ࣬ɱȼţ࣬ܲˣԦռ츳أ˰ɣһ˰ɣһһֻ󣬹
ͷʲôϵԷȻ֪ҶȻֶΣΪҶȼС
Ӿ㵵Ҳ֪ٻʣ
ô᲻֪һйʣҲ֪ΪҪɱң
Ӧÿҵݣ壬Уɱһ໹ԭ𣿡
ΪλСɱң
ʵɣΪԪֿɶ𣬷ٻ˵ӵдԪǱҪɱԭ򣡡
ԭΪ˴Ԫ
õҶ𶯡
ٿԸӦԪԭΪ˴ԪĪ˫ͷħһҲٴεԪҪлԪ𣿡
һ裬˿ӣԷѾڰбɱһС
²˳٣
־ںϣȼձ
ҶͫͻȻһ棬ɻֱǳâգҶȷ·ͬһˣǳ֮⣬ͻȻٶȷ泬Ӽ
ಣ
գۼ䣬ҶȾȻֻһβӰ
Ŷ
ӻͣѾҶκӰһᣬӴһӡٻʣˣ
ٵԺӣΪ˴⣿ʵӦÿɱڵ
ٻʣԭһ㶼򵥣ϣӵеɱǿߣԹ֮
֮ҵѾӦ㣬ĳ̶ȣ޷в㣡
µȭͷˣӵеĹоܲͬѰ¸ӦһЩвĿ־ٻʣǰһֱںڰ֮Уϼһ磬˹֮ƺڿ
ӣ²ҽڣǸ౾йӴΨһɵֻһ֣ߣǹ֮֮ȷǿɱǿߣ󻹲֮£ɱɱԽԽãʱ뾡취Ѱ࣬ɱ
ǣ
Ӽæųһ亹


2423 
ˡ
һ󣬺ӡӡĺ۾ȻһȦ⡣
⼸ط𶨰СҳһΣɲ⣡
ӿ˿ȭͷ˿Ѿϡ
ֻص˫ͷħֺϣһ˫ͷħ־Ȼȥ
Ǭʳǣ
֮
ȿȡ
ʳϿգռȼһ档
ֻ׼ͷʥ⣬ڻ֮УԦǳâҶȡ
߳ռ䣬ǳâ׷ʧҶҲ̲סһѪڡ
ҶȲǬʳǣ벻׼˴󹦣ûиˣͷûİҲͨǧͼǬʳǣ
ˣۣӵùƿֶΣڿǹ񼣵ĴߣܲʶȤǰһĻҷֳΪǬ񼣵ף׼ǲκͷ
ҶȵǿѾһδμ֤ˣڻԶŴ˫ͷħֽ֣뷨
ǬǱҪģҴӦ¼ҵ£˵㻰ҿɲԶŵıСˣ
ɼҶڻָһЩü֮Ȼأ˫ͷħ̫ˣˣûعˣߣȻȥ
һҶȾʹ׼뿪Ǭʳǡ
磡
̫ʱգ
˴ɹԼȻƯڷ֮Уֻܸо仯ܴ
ʥڵ֮УȻԼһЩߣЩѲķߣǷߵĺᡣ
ƺϹŶ뿪ֻһЩﵽµĸ֣ڸƿһС
շٻʵΪ
˴ɹԶĸ߿գռһﾪ˵ĺڶ
ӴŶʮͷħ֣γһĮȻȥ԰ɣԵһС

ʮͷħ˷ܵӶһڸ߿ա
ٿٿ
һͷͷ˫ͷħƬһЩǰ˫˴ͬʱҧȥһȥʮĿռ䣬Ȼҧһնֻкںһı磬ȥκʡռ䡢ˡ
ֻƬ̼䣬̫ʱ֮гﾪ˵ʱգԿʱ֮ǴʣԼʱ֮УоǱ磬ûûûʣо̫ʱͬ硣
һṦΧɵ֪жӦûУΪ˫ͷħֵʳ
ɹ
Ρڷ֮УͻȻ䣬һ޴ڶӿ֣ȻһŴ죬ͻͻһҧɹ֮ϣ䣬ɹԼΧռ䣬˫ͷħǿ
Ӱ
Ȼ۸ʥ뿪ȥɽ磬ҲɹһҲʣ¡
ʮǿɹ֮ʱæӳϧٶԼԿռƿ޷˫ͷħִȣһſռƬһͬʧڴ֮С
һɹ
һڣͳʧ
Щǿߣ߶˽ƣɹԼһʱɳˣǰһγ˫ͷħ֡
ſһҧһЩɳˣ˲ͱɵ
䣡
ڵͻȻһ󷨡
֮У߶âΧҲæЩâԽԽ࣬ˣ׷˫ͷħֺȥ
ֻûȹ٣˫ͷħ־ͲˣȻ֮УΪ˫ͷħˣǰɹƬռ䣬ɱһڶɣһϵս
ˣˣ
ǿ߶ֻҡͷ̾Ϣ
վͷǴͷȥ
ֻǡ
·˫ͷħ֪Ҫߣͷ˫ͷħִӺγſھͳԵһռ䣬Ƕԣռ䡢ʡࡢʳԶ֪ĸоֻмسȥ
д˫ͷħɱĽ磬˵磬ǳҲĽԵþ⣬ֻʣʱգûûϢûʣȻͲӵ
ಣ
ʱ֮󣬴̫ʱղ񷣬ͻȻּӰ
ΪԼ̫ʼһķͷ
Уʱڿռ䣬ȻһƬһƬʧһͷͷƴ˫ͷħ֣ϵڿռζ
䣬ֹǣ
ھͷ־ƿ֮Уһʥȥɽ磬һУȻԸӦһһ
ڷͷʧʣ׷
Ҳž֮ɫƺף˫ͷħôͻȻ֣͸Ρ̾ǿľ˫ͷħ֣ԶţĽ磬ɱԶŴĴڣǾǵĶ𣿡
̫ʼɭɭ֣λĻ˿ֹø֮׷½磬ȫɱЩ˫ͷħ֣ǸҲȻ޴棬ʮ֮ʲôҲ£Щˣȥȣ
ֻ˵Ĳƶȷǲ½ԮһҲûˣλҲǷߣڴˣܸıʲôֻҪǿܶȹƽ٣ܴڣ
ĳؿͷǣڽ͵Ƕȣܶȹⳡ٣ԺĴսأи˫ͷħɱʱ֮䣬ʱλҲʯĳеʱ򣬳Ϊ֮Ҳ޷ŤתǬ
ȻǷ˫ͷħټ֪֮ͨΧħ֣ٴ͵Ϯȱڣȥݣô죿
ţҶΪ֮ѴһԸųΪ֮ǺӵĿʼĽҪܻƽ٣ûĽ磬ͲǣÿһˣĽͰɣʴֻŽܹƽ٣ֻҪܻһʲôʱ˶Եһ磬Ϊ֮ȥɣ
ʥ֪ıԼǺε飿
һ£ھͷֻܺ뿪
̫ʼһӡһʧȥ
˭Ҳӣ
˴ɹΪ˫ͷħֵʳ
ֻʣΧһЩ
˱Χ棬Ŷʮͷ˫ͷħְΧǺƿնƺѰҶټ
СӲ֪ڲ棿ֻ类Եˣ
գգۡ

ͷ˫ͷħִھҧ
оһ⣬˫ͷħһڡһҧ飬Ȼʳռ䶼ҧ顣
˼˼
ĮǰһУȻ˫ü̧ͷ񷣬·ʲô֮ô½ѵΧɱ𣿡
һâ
â֮Уֱ֮ǻס硢ԼһλŮ
˺󷽣һǧǿߣµǿߡ
Ůˮ֮ԸЩ˫ͷħ֣ٻ񼣡˱Ҫúϣؽʧأ
õİ취ǽϸԵˮ֮˫ͫ˸⣬ֻܿΪɱ
ڱɲǽ֣
Ӽһռ䣬Ǿ󣬱ħ£һڶֳħַ׷С
ˣ
һ벻˫ͷħ֣Ҳѡݱܷͷ
ף˼ǻ޷ס
ǿ޵ʱգˮ֮֮ɫǶ֪硢Ƶ˵Ĺϵ


2424 ׵ľ

壬֮С
ص񼣣ҶȾͿʼлָƣûã֮֮¸֪
ѵ˫ͷħȥ׷ɱңһʱҲȥ
Ե޹ܵ˫ͷħֹж˫ͷħƫƫѡһȻżȻܾΪҶȡ
Ϊҡ𣡡
˵ҪԿ֪䵱ǣȻɽǿߣ˵׻һͥ
ǰ
ӿ޵Ƭ̼˸Уڵﵽ£Ҳ᲻ٻԪʵѴﵽԪ߶ȡ
һã׷ɱҵ˫ͷħȥûдˣеĻ
ûˣ
ǰҲ벻֣֮뵽㣬ҲһЩֲٶȥ
һᾡѰǷлŵʿ
޵Ҳ𺳡ߣôߡˣ
ȭ֮޵˴߶Ԫܿ뿪񼣡
սһɫԭ˵ƣǱ˫ͷħˣ
Ҳ㣬㵣ģⷢС磬һж˳ʵ벻˫ͷħӳңֻϧǣ
С磿ܷǷŪԪԭ򣿡
С֮ڣ˫ͷħֵʬ壬ʬѱ港ʴԿ϶ԪǱ˫ͷħ飡
ܣԪǵһ˭ƻ
ȷ޷һ㣬ҵõ󲿷ֻԪãұ׸ӦʣµƬʱ޸ԪӦⳡƽҲеģţ˾ˣ
δ˵꣬Ҷͫ¶һݾϲ
밽սϿգ񼣷Ϊһһâ
â֮ǳ˾
Ҷȵ˾񣺡ǰ
˾֡
Це£ɨɨΧеˣЦϴ󣬱ɩҪһģոѹЩҪɩ򣬰˾Ȼ壬׼ں֮£
Ҷ£׳֣շӦˮɣ
Ҳ϶Щ񣬶ԶžǴڵʱеĴﵽʮԪϣܵǳػú޷κк֣ùϷı巨򣬲ѹЩ񣡡
뺣ںϣ
ʵҲںϣֻ׼ˮľͷԿ˫ͷħԼ֮мѱԶ⣬ʣµĺʵԸ
˾ΪҶȽܺƣЩʵҲǺһĴڣ˵ˮκ壬ԺΪ𣬲ֺǿ棬Ҳ뺣Կ
ಡ
ڴ˾˵꣬Ҷȵ˫ͫŷһ⡣
޵˴֮ħ˾ȻҶȣȷ˫ͷħ𣬳ΪһƬ޵ſռ䣬ͷŸӦǡһǿߣǽܣ֪ڻ֮ǰѷ£
˫ͷħϮ˾üͷ
ġ
ų˾棬Сŵ˶ֳĬ
˵֮Ҷֿ޵ˣ£ΪǼδ񼣣
ڲ֮ǰʥŰ˴ɹĴףԼ֣뿪ɽ磬󲻾ãἰλ࣬ݣֳΪ䣬Ҵʣµķȥ죡
˵Ѵڲѣ
ϴǿɲܷŹشۡۡشۡţͷԼ˫ʥЩһ
һĨѪЦ
Ȼһ֣ˮ˼
ˣЩʥ½磬뻢ıƤʥ̫СԼ˭֪Щӣʱᱻӵ
ʥ
˴δӴҶҲǺԼĿģ֮յùֻԼ
а˴֮κƽٵƶߣʥأֻ䣬˵㣬ʲôʸ˼̸Ҷӳơ޵ˣҵ벻ȥ䡭ҪԼЩķߣһͬԸƽ٣
ף׼ȻѳΪ֮Ŀǰ׳ԼǺ£Ϊ֮ϷһЩóҰĲ֮ˣ־񣬹ⳡƽ٣ΪҪ飬ĿǰӦŽ
Ϊǰ˾Ҷƣĳض˫üĴ˾ͬһ
˶Դ˾ȻޱȣҶ׵ִǻպáʱҵˣһãӦù񼣸ˣ
м񼣻ḴգǵĶ鲻Ϊ֮ȱѣģǻŽκƽ٣
ڴ˫ͷħֽ֡
ʲôʱ򣬳Ǹšɵħ
죬ʥɽա
ʮԶӰʥɽ֮У졣
Ϊϵ֮ÿһʵޱߣǴ߶֮Ľ޵еĴڡ
̫񡢺ԪۡԨ۾ʥĸ񡢷Ѫаۡ
Ԩ֣ɽ־ĵߣɽЩߣƹ֮£ɽƣκ˶ɣ
񻺻Ҳ࣬λɷǵӡ
λӷ·صĵۣƺа߰âԨ񼣵ףԨ۾
ھͷ£Ԩ۾ɽ߲٣ֻǽһЩɽʱգԹΪɽ磬ʹߡɽϣڱЩʱգ˼ǲҪ⣬Ͼɽ粻ǵĶ֣ɳʹߣҲֻǱǣ
̫֣˵Ҫ£ĪжԸİ취ۿҪɱ磬˼ȻսϣȱڣռҲû⣬޷죬˫ͷħɱ죬һж𣡡
̫˵ص㣡
תʾҸ·һɱ磬ǾҪԸǣһ磬Ҳػṥ죬ʱǲòȥԸǣǴ챣Ӷܳװѵֵ֮⣬ǾͿػȱڣ
ʲô취ֹ磿Ѫʵ
ͷҲȴš
ͻȻĪǡͬϸԪ֮ĩƴ棬ɽ糹񣿡
ԣ취ϸԪĩڣǺΪ˶Կƽٶɽ硢硢Ӱ죬֮վԿغƽ٣ȴҪʱƻһƽ⣡
ʵڹ֣ԸܵƻҲҪ磬ȴƫƫ磬ס
λµǱߣٴοƷ棬ɽ磬ǵʱеʿ޷뿪һ𣡡
ǰпܹ죬ϹŶ񶼻ǵ˫ͷħֵɱһĻĻǸӲ֪˫ͷħֵж١ɱ죬ȫս䣬赲ǣ˾ܼƻʱ˵صĿ
ھͷ۷׷ס
ÿһͷɫأΪǺĽδš


2425 澪
Ҫٿط棬׽ɽ£ĻҲԶϺ·
ʱ޷ֵ˫ͷħ֣·󶼽Ϊ˫ͷħֵʳ
񶼳Ĭˡ
ԨסԨ۾Ƽž֣ǰɱ˫ͷħ֣ƻ棬ٴηɽ磬Ҳ뾡취ͨϵЩҲʵ򿪷棡
ȷһƺû뵽һ㣬ҲЩɱ˫ͷħ֣Ϊڵġ
ʵɽ˼ƿУҪô·
񼣵ף͸ʥ⻷ƤԼѪҺ಻һҲ˫ɫ˫ͫǿȫֻһͨĻǾͿѹƵ磬ҲΪս
Ѫͷ鲻׼ɱ̫ףʱǸܵУһʧܣжΪУ
ɨˣǴҶͬ𣿡
ԶŴ׷״Ӧ
һʣһΪսڹ½صҪɱ磬ٱпܡ
׼ƴ棬˵Ҳף
񽻴꣬ҷ׷ȥ
磡
һͻȻ˴󶯾
ڹΧͻȻֳһͳ˧ָӣȻʼ
Ƕ֪ΪҪ룬ÿһնаڳ룬վһ֮ϣ󷨣ʱʱ̱̿ս״̬
ಣ
˷ͻȻǿߡ
ʮǸһͳ˧ÿһǵ֮µľͷΪȻҲǴﵽԪĴڡ
֣вҲǴ񼣶ǿߣʣµˣĲ
оµǿߣԪӡ
Ԫӿͳ˧֮Уһλž⿴һλŮӡ
λŮԼĪʮӣС磬µż欣һۣͷҲëƵķڡ
ȻλŮԷľͷ
ԪʩϬ´Ҫٴνٷ棬һδ󵨵뷨벻ҲȻ벻
ϬȻһŮӣ棬Χκǿ׵־޷ģڣ͵ϮȱԤıǲȡֶΣǿԿʧҲ޷ģ
ڴʱԶѿԿĴһﶯ͸һɽ¥ζ
״־жɢΧķ
һ񼣵ľͷΪͳ˧ں
ԪӡϬԼʮͳ˧ΪһӰʧȥʣº󷽾Ŵ

ʮ룬޾񷣬ͻȻˡ
ͬͻȻĴХϵХڣ·ǧһĻоƽٽ٣޴ӡ
ʵʣʮԶŴͷžͨӴ֮ڣƶ棬١
񷣬ڵķϿգʮӰγһԲȦƯڴâ·
̫˫ü罣ƾڱξͲǳ֣ǵǵȥ죬Щƥ򣬾㹻ˣ
½ǻҪΪȷӦǲ
Ҳ׷ͬ⡣
׼
ԶŴͻȻ𣬿죬˫ֽӡ֮ſ죬Ǵ֮УȻһתķ棬ԼƬӿ磬ԶŴӡ֮󣬻Ϊ񲻵߼ʵķ㣬һͬƷȥ
ڵĹ
һλͳ˧ʮǿߣƿնϷǹƣ˽ӡ׷ɢʮ
ͻͻͻ
˵ʱʱ죬һ޴ķ㣬׼ȷڵķ½׹£ΧһЩΧˮ
ȻдΧ¡
ͳ˧Ÿǽӡ֮󣬾Χ漯ǿ档
ʱ˿̣һ±޹⣬ֻд治׹䣬ԽԽˣˮ򣬾Ȼ
ˮںһ˷ֱ治𶯣ˮڲ֮һ̣ˮ֮вˮ򲻼ˣ˷½еķƬͬɽһ硣
ͨɽֱͨͬУ治ϵؽ٣Ȼûн
ɽ磡
·޽֮ء
ڤϹŶڹŴ棬ϵ޽֮أеֱɽ׹ȥ
ϹŶλڤһǷǳԶŵĴڣÿһʵ̫˲ࡣ
·ɽգҲ𺳣ŷӹ׹䣬ƺҪѷ㳹ײ飬Ȼ飬һӰ񣬴ɫпԿš
ʵ㣡
ЩϣǲʵҪͷأ
봦Ȼˡ
ж٣֮
Щ˷׷ױסڰ޷еǻ޷򿪵
ΧЩˣնͷ­Ѫɽʱ֮л׹䡢ҡҷ
֮ϣڤϹŶһֱӷ׹䣬ʱһâӰֶԭ֮֮
ڤʾ֮ʵ֣ãһ⣬ڽٷ棬֪λή٣
֮΢΢˫üĿ͸ž⣺ϸԪĩڣΪԶŴΪԿƽ٣Ԥȱ飬ͿƷɽ磬ͬҲΪֹһηսĿǰٴӷ棬׽ɽԴֹȻҲԼѹϾڲд棬Խ࣬ԴܴӰ죡
һϹŶ͸ŲЦݣ÷ֹǰȷһð취񣡡
λô죿֮ʵ
Щ벻׳н
ڤɭɭߵȻ򱱳֮ô죿׼սаץЩˣô֮¯ǵһֺɱ磬֣ԶץЩˣ
ⲻ⣡
֮ȭ֮תȥ
ϹŶĿͱ֮ȥ䳰֣벻֮һջЭ
ôһϹŶ׻˵ĺãCձ󣬶Ƕԣǻкܶôڤ˵꣬˼ע
ͥչͥѾȫ޽֮أҹģ粻һǰ˰ٱ󷨶󣬴͸ҫ۵â
ڲһ֮С
֮ߡף߸ǰ
ף
½дֽ֮ԼµǿߣһǻԪͷ
ʥҲۡơʥ𡢹һͷʩ񣬽ŷ׷ࡣ
Լһٶ˾ۼڴ֮С
֮ˣ͸ףոձȥ˵ھͷڱ񣬶ЩϹŶڵڶοƷ棬Ҫɽ磬ֹɱ磡
ֲɽ籾ԴԼ־ڱԭڷɽ硭
·Ī죬̾
ڸǿߡͷ𺳱飬ɽ磬ʵĳһԣǰǴæ


2426 ʦξ
ֻҪɽҲвʧ
˶սܣҲܵƲãֹܰһ磬Ƿڷ硢ɽưԡ
֮ͻȻʥϣǶץˣɽƿߣҪ£ȥ죡
סʥڣһԵľʥλĸһվһпԵģ
ɫÿˣĺȵôǻԸ⣿ɽ硢ƿأҪĴԴΪؽһɽ磬ǰ¾Ͳˣ
ʥæ¶£
֮ӻ֣Ͷˣɽ籾ƿأѡھȥ죬ץԽ࣬Խ
¸ˣ
ʥʮϹŶʩһһȥ
뿪˴Խһ󷨣ܿʱգ֮УɵƯš
ߴʥʥһģһͬȫâ
빬֮һϹŶŭɶ۵ʥڶʵȥ
ʲȥ
ʥһȭ֮ϣʱǣɽǵļңÿһ飬ǵĺӣǵļˣҪɱҪĥĥòʱоͺ޼ֵ
ʥȻ֪һ˼ΪλҪǺȥ
ѵڻбѡĿǰûСԺ˵ˣ
ĪʥӦԵķӣ
ǿ֪УһλΪԨ۾ף
֪ϵһλʼף
ǲ֪ҲΪ棡
ʥһۣƺʲô뷨쳣Ԩ۾ɽһλߣҲɽ籾Դ־Ԩ۾֮֮ǰѱѹɵħͷѹ֮أΪâԨõ֮ЩϹɽħͷеħͷħ֮󣬳ΪɽߣдħͷֻҪȡâԨܵõɽ󲿷ֱԴʱñԴһ磬Ǳ֮Ҳܴ飡
ɽǶ֪ҲǴ򲻹ٽЩ߶أ벻ֱԨ۾ǣ
ɽûЩߣǻͱƣֻҪǶȡâԨȡбԴ޷κǣʥĵĿģ
ҪâԨףҲ˵дߣԨ۾µҲԶԸδﵽԴ
Ͳõģ
ھͷԼԼʱص㶼âԨ֮ϡ
ʱʥʾҰع˵żȻõһƳΪһʣΪߡԭʼףͨŬõһ񼣣޷ԸջΪߵĸˣâԨ֪ߣ⣬ɽ缸֪õܣ۰̽һΣȷɽ籾Դڣ
ߣⲻԶŴ˵֮е𣿡
ʥĪ㵮йأ괫һ׵ʥ񲻾ߣʱΨ£ͬΪǸʱܳ
ȷˣ
ʥһɰȻȻףеţҶۼģ⣬ûںҲ޷ߣ˳λڰڴᣬȡ񼣣ʥһΪ֮ĿĿԶ޷ʵֻ֣дâԨ⣡ͻᣬҪɽ磬Ԩ۾޷׸Ӧɽ仯ʱͻȻȡâԨõɽĴ󲿷ֱԴǾƿɽ磬Ԩ۾Ҳֻƿشɽ籾Դ޷Ϊɽ֮ȴĴﵽ߷壡
ⷬһ˭Ϊ֮𺳡
еʥѾǳɾͲʵȺ
ѩŲΪ֪ҰĵĴƻ⻹֪ʥ
뾪ʥλĸ·Ҳ֪ܣһŻ
ʥɨˣ֮ǰŭʧԼΪǣ磬ʵȻд㣬ƻֻҪȡâԨɽ󲿷ֱԴᱻƣ޷õ񼣣ǿԵõɽ磬֮ޱ޼ʣֻҪӵбԴɽ绹˭вƽҲɵʱûˣʧˣǾ¼ԪĴڣԶڰ֮У磿
ϼʼĿǰǻҪɽ磬ΪץסˣȻʱǷҧһڣ
ʱǾͰ˼ȥ죬ɽй֮âԨȡɽ籾Դ
ʥĺߵͷ·Ҳϣڲüβˣζ
磡
ϡֻ潵٣¶ѤâǧҲٷֿʱۼһϿա
ΧˮѾˣ棬֪
ԪϬͳ˧Ÿִ˷ۼϿգǧǹ
һλͳ˧մЦʣһɱ磬𣿡
ɽâ·ʮϹŶԵúƣƶķ棬ƶɽзֱ֮ϣҲֻǿ
ȻѷųἯһͨǽɿܴ⣬˿ӣһȥúϢ
嫵Ĵ󹤳ˣʮдʱգҲ񣬾ܴͨ棬ܴͨʱס
һڴƿգâ硣
ٻʶû뵽¡
Ͽգһ˫۾Ԧ˫ͷħ֣žķ硣
ӡ
֮۾һ᣺ٻʵ˼Ҫõɱ磬ԼƻĽƽ⣬ܾȱڡǵõԪСӣʱһС
㣬ٴδͨ磡
Ŷʮͷ˫ͷħ֣˲Ͷˮ֮Уˮ¿ʼ㣬һԱ෢֡
죬챾Դռ䲻ԶһƬռ֮С
Ư֮УΧһȣཨ׹ȣס
Ӱɳ̫ʼ
߳ʵҪС㽻ֶۣ
ֻʱԹԺ£Ժ˵
൭һЦȻֻһṦ򣬴ǰʱֶӰǳ磬Ա߻ֶۡ޵Լֹԫġ
ֶһ࣬ʵ࣬أ
֣ҼȻӦ㣬Ȼ㣬ҲҵŮ
̫ʼͣףĿֶϣͫһɴâ
â֮гһ񾵣Ӧ̫Ͼ
һӰͻΪһӰһ
ֶĴӣξ
ֶʵĺ
ʦ㣡
˼ȥ
ξתͫоȻֻƽһĮ·һ̣ʶˡ
࣬ôˣֶףʹغ


2427 ĩս

Խδŭ֣ʵɣǵһ֮һЩںʯγɵʶѪɣʶȴƿصģ
ǿзӡɽļɣֶ첪Ȼŭ
޴ѡ񡭡ȷǱ㣬Ҫ˵Ǹ
Ϊ׵࣬ʱԵʮֵ͵⣬̷ξԺΪǿһ÷ĹؼֻĨȥǰ䣬֣Ҫָܼ򵥣ӴԺӵ䣬һɽ׷еļ䣬һΪʶļ䣡
ξʼںϣξڣͷŴ⣬ɽʩչͨơ
ֶ۴ȵӣȥ
ʦ
âɢȥξؾһ䣬Ѿֶ۱ڻֹԫġҲһͬΧ
ֶḧξķ˿׹⣬ξֻһЩЦݣ˵ĺܶԣ䣬ԺһУʶֶ۵ˡ
ײãӦЩֶ֪࣡ƺ
࣡
˵ˣߵƲƲһԵĻ̫ʼ֮жԹɽչģǵȷƵ칬һжѳ£ʵֳŵϣǿԹƽ٣
˵ʲôʲôֻںһһɽУɽֻϢĵطˣ칬Ҳκ壬Ȼ뻯ɸΪ񲯣ֻ̫ʼ
̫ʼһһս硢ɽҶû򹻣ɽʱ໤㣬ˣⳡƽٹȥһ֪
ħԺ˭ʰ˭֪أ
̫ʼһŰĳƣڳҲԼԶƲΪѡ
Ϊɣĸ׻ȥɣʲôʱΪΪʱʱ̻̿ӭ㣬λǣ
๰ּ䣬żֿ޵ѣ̫ʼ
ǻȥ
ֶۻξһԶ߿ա
йС
࿴ѣʱȴżɱ⣬ֱ̫ʼһԣŻָѰɫʥڸղŴϢ֮ǴץˣõΪ
̫ʼһʲô˼
˼ˣȻҾԸ֮ˣҵ֣
磬ʥҲһͷβҡβĹ
׻˵ĺãӼҲҧˣοһһȺʥĻλ֮ǰ˺һʥģֵֻң֪ʲôˣտʼҾͺ벻ףҪʲôʮԪУܴﲻ֮ʵ
˼˵ı
ıҲãֶҲգɲ֮ͳɲ򣬹ЩʱҪӧԸЩ桭ʱ֪ʥʲôı
Сֶ۵˴ߣ
ףʵϵ죬ǻȥʱħˣƶԸңǾҪԸǣҲ˵ƣֻ֮ҪҲжٸԣ
شЦһ־µܡ
ɽʱա
޽֮֮ϣһѾ治׹£й
ƺҪߣ
֮Ум˫۾һֱڶ·ʱգתͲˡ
ڡ
һͨ߳߳ȼ֮С
ҲɸߣһסƯ֮ͨϡ
ͳ˧ڸֱ֮ͨǿƻΧľͷһ䣬һͷ
һλͳ˧̾ʼһףһͨԭһΪＯսһ㣬ԭҪסɱ
κǲ²⣡ͳ˧׷ױʾͬ⡣
ᣡ
ʮͳ˧ӡ
ͻͻͻؽٹһɽһ֮УܿͳΪȼյͨЩ治֪жֲ
ɽ硣
ڰĹͻȻǣһʱ޽֮ء
һƬڼ״ǵڵʱս֮УǷ·ͻȻѣɱ¾Ŀӹ
ǻһʱ緢ܵռɽٳ֣
춯ȻͷǿС
һֻ֣ͻȻʮ˲ףԼڤϹŶ
ִֻɽ·ͬԵ϶ħץƷ磬ֱץ޽֮ء
ͷվֻ֮У·ֻǵɣһƬضǵȼա
ڤϹŶʮףһͬӡ
ڤУһâħȣħϵãо΢ЦƵģ͸ɭɭĿ־֮С
֮ȣ
Զĵǿߣ㼯Ĵڤ趯ħȣħϵͻȻȼճһ޴ĵãͬʱߺ
С㣬֮ȡڤ˵
ɽڵ޽֮أһƬħƯڸ㣬ڤ£֮
ĺߵڤ汰ɣΪսϹԭ֮֮ͱǰвֲСһֱ޷ҵ
ڤƽֻǶһݺ⣺ʱЩϹŶÿ߶֮ȣһͬںϣЩ˾õ֮꣬ڵϢڸ֮󣬳ûںϣԲ޷ӦϧϷ£
֮ȣǳҪжС㣬ǲٶĴʱһͽЩ棡
ĵͷ
ڴʱ£ɽ޽֮ϵĵͻȻʼսĺ
磡
֮֮Уڤĺˡ
ͻͻͻ
һţӦһǧˣֳַ·ƼɱŵڶҲŷ
֮Уſֻлǣɱߴܿͷȼյ
̣
ǰǿߣӶâ߶ַϡﻩس׷׻Ϊ˻ˡ
˲䣬ﵽλĵǿߣ֮󣬴ӻ˻ΪȼãΪҽ
ڶֳɱȥ
ϧ޷ͷŵĹǹԼΧ㡣
λֻһ罻սǽԴǰ֮ǰƻǿй棬ȡٴͨһͨ
޽֮أսǹҲЧл£һЩƬ
ھͷһĻڿʼԲߡ

һ񷡣
ڤϽӡܿΧ񷶼ΪһڤЩϹŶԶ֪µܣ길񼣣ʮ˲֮󣬾ÿһƬ֮Уֲ¡ʮ
һ̾ʮ
Ǹ죬ƬȻҲǸһ֣ʮǸʮ˵־־ÿһ籾Դ֮أյǿҲֻҿںʮȻͬǰ㣬Գײٿʮ˲ЩѵѸ־ˣܵͽ䣡ڤץȥץġ


2428 񼣸
ʵСҪö೤ʱ䣬ںʮ
ʮʮ˲ںϣȻǸ˵־ҪȫںϵĻҲҪܳʱ䣬ֻҪںϸµʮ˵־ʮ˲᳹ƿأʱҪ죬͵ñ죡
ʱڤѲͬ׵ֳҲ𺳵
Ǹɣ£Υ־Ҹһֱûǣ֮Ľ֮УĽ𣬵Զ
޷ЩϹŶ⣬޷ǵ־񲻵òߵһֻںϸʮ˵־
˵֮ڤ˫ۣһֱֽӡ״̬ӿڡ
һԻڣû˿˺ס
塣
ˮ֮УػŹ񼣡
һڵ񼣳ػ䶯Ľ磡
˾ơ纺硢ףһֱڹǰȴţΪһ̹񼣾Ҫ
һ̣ǵȴ̫ã졢硢ɽ硢Ҫ񼣡
֮С
޵ˡֶۡն졢ġɾ̫ۡ顢۴ɡͷ߾𡢴ˡĭɽ۵ˣʮӦ顢ǧߣֹͣУһͬ߿ھŵӰ֮еҶȡ
ūʮˣػڸ߿Χ
˶֪һ̣ҶȾҪչ񼣣ҪΪ֮Ϲףÿ˶ף
Ҷں֮УҲӦϵףԸԼΪԼͨⷽӦѾﵽĵزκһˣûŹ񼣣׸Ӧ
ˣʱѵ
ػ߰սʱѴﵽɿ࣬ÿһƬۣ˸ҫâ
ع죡
ҶͻȻվ񷣬ȻҲ񷡣
֮⣬֮񼣣һͬϾ֮ϣȻﵽľͷֶݡ
ˣ
ոױ½죬ɲǼ䣬ӿ
Դ磬ʥɽΧͻȻһԶŴȻ֪Ҫˣ׷̧ͷԴ硣
֪һλһ񼣸գ
ڴ̾
ٿٿٿ
ԴԽ񷾧ҲʼûââԾΪܿ쾧ͻΪһƬƬҫ۵Ĺâ
оһգ
񼣣
ڳϹŶΪ֮һ
ǹ񼣣
̫Ҳ磬Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢Ǭšࡢ̫ʼȵ֮Ҳ׷׵
׶뼤ǹâǶ̫ϤǹֻһӵвĹ
񼣡
񼤶תÿһףŹ񼣵Ź֮һͬ䡭벻ţµĹ׵λһͬӭӹ񼣣񣬵Ĵڣ
࣡
󲿷֮Եü쳣̫𡢺ԪۡԨ۾Ϊף֮һɳռ䡣
治֪ܸչ񼣵Ԥ֮ӣǺηʥ
󷽣ࡢ̫ʼշУڷ͸ڴ
Ҳڴǿ֣ŹǵΪϵ֮һܱȼҲǵ񼣣ںϹ񼣵ػǾĴڣ
̫ʼޱȣΪ׹ȻƲһֻҲܹϣȹһЩˣ
˵Ц֮䣬ѾһƬٵ񷡣
˾סססף
벻ڹٵĿռ䣬֮ڵȴԵú⣬׶ʶ񼣵
˸ֲɫ
Ҳڡѵ
̫ʼɫæ࣬̾
Ҳ뵽ˣ
༸ֹͣɣ̫ʼͬʱ뵽ͬһˣֲòҶȵټ֮һΪףܺΪ벻
Ҳ̫⣬ҶСӣ̫ʼҧ
λ
ǽٵĹ֮У߳һˣǰս
ս
һЩϹŶϳ
սǹ񼣸յӣˣΪػ񼣡ӡ䣬µ׵ٴδ򼴽ĺڰƽ٣

ǹĻĹâͻȻֳ񼣵Ӱ𺳻ˣ·磬ɾ硣
̫𾪺񼣣ǹ񼣣Ȼûл𣡡
ɲǼ䣬ӰȼգΪϯĻһӰͷ̫
Ӱ𽥻Ϊʵ
̫ʼһüɱâ֮гֵʱʱ̶̿նɱҶȡ
ףҲŹâʧҶȵò
ࡢ̫ʼվһķţ͵ش󾪣˫ͫ¶ϲЦݣǡҶȣҶֵܣ
һʱʵʶ
һ棬ʱ;򵥣ԼԼ֮͸һ׵Ϣ벻Ȼõ񼣵ĴУ
ԭˡ֣ʵΪҶȣססԼ׵ѣһɽ磬ɽ֮йڣЩʲô
ԭ֮Уôһϵ
˵СС
֣֪Ҷȴ˵ֵԺǴҾҪӴȥĹھʱ㿴׵˼㣬ҲһЩԹ𣿡
ſʼȰ
Թ
ʲôף̫ʼŴӦţȴŲͬ뷨
ףף
âʧҶȳǰһâۣ֮дζ
ʮԶŴ񡢷Ѫа̫ۡ񡢺ԪۡԨ۾ʥĸףӭҶȳΪףµ֮
Щ̫Ϊס
֮Ҳ׷ʾ⣬Ǭɫ쳣ѿѾ֪Ҷʲôˡ
ɨƬ񷣬е֮ˡ
ʮ֮Ҷȣһʮˡ
ʮλ֮УȥʮԶŴʣ¶ʮλʮԪ£Ϊ֮Ĵڣšơ纺硢ࡢ̫ʼԼ񼣡񼣡˻ףŸյס
ԶŴ񣬻½ףʱ˿̶Ҷǰһͬף񼣸գЩӵеУ˭Ҳûй񼣵ĸá硣
Զſʼ֮Ĵ
̫ΪҶһһÿһ֮ϲףеףϧ֮Ȱ˱磬ȻǵӪǿ󣡡
Ҷÿһ̫֮ʼҲʶԷҲǿԼڷţҶǸˣŹȻ֮
λһԴΪػ
˵񷡣
һʮ֮ھʥɽռ䡣
ףЩػǽ󷨣Ҫÿһ׵ͨ󷨣Ϊķ鲻Զ󷨣ЩԪ֮УħֲϹ׷ʧ


2429 
һֱΪҶȽܽڵ
һᣬ֮׷׷ػ֮УÿһӦҶƯ룬ʼͷ̫⣬Լ
ΧʮŸػ׷ȼһǿҵ־ԼףԸΪҶΧռ䡣
־ҶҲʼӡ̫⻯ΪâоζһһŽӡãһâҶС
Խʵڴմ־ԼԴʱ˿̣Ҷȸо״̬ͷĻκ˶Ķ֡

һͼڵĹ룬ػһһΧ
Լҵڤڤ֮оա
Ҷ߳һȻԴʥɽΪʥɽУԴں֮Դʥɽա
ˣܵΪ֮ӵеƿ
ǰԴɽϷǴ󷨣κַԼ־ƿأʧ
ֲõЩǿߣ赲£ܻȱڣԭÿһףʱʱ̶̿ڰ׸죬޷ʩչȫ
ʧʱʱ̣̿ܿҶȾʹӴ֮УܵԼϢгơ纺硢Ϣࡢ̫ʼŵϢҲС
һΪҪʱʱ̿׸죬ʵܵǣƣҲ޷ơ
ΪѾһ
ڴӴԺ޷룬Լ־ϱ룬ס
簲ҶԴʥɽλȥϢҪÿһ
󲿷֮ҶȴǱֻʣһϹŶԼơ纺硢˾
ף
ԪۡѪҶΧԪ۵Ĺ֮Ǵľ֮ıǴģǹ̫֮ڤ֣޲󷨣ּס֮֮׵ǿϣĴ죬ã˫ͷħͻȻĽݣǲĽݣǴݣµıݣħֹ£ϻΪ棬ټ֮ƻԽԽʮλ֮ҪػݣҲػ˶ã
Ҷ׵ںϣǹ֮޵ļ䣬ȴ޷ںϣΪ˼ҵ䣬ֻʣһԪԴ˵һİ磬λǰൣ
ѪҲںϹ񼣣㲻һλԤ֮ǰ򵥣޿ԵһУҲ
ϹŶ
ǻᣬҶȱ㹪ǰʵ廹Ե֣Ҳ֪ˣںϷҲӵз
һиˣֻ̫أҵ㣬޷Ըܵõҷ˵ȷ޿֮ˣޣһֱӻ壡
ԭ֮仹ô飡
Ԩ۾΢΢ЦҶȼۣҲڤڤ֮еĹϣӦŨҵɵԴȻǼ򵥵Ԥ֮ӣںɽޱ߱Դﵽ۵ĸ߶ȣ
λԨ۾ɽƿߣֻǱԴƿߣ뿪ɽ֮󣬱ߣΪǣɽǣơסĲ̫˵
λ
ͻȻעҶһͬݣȻ֣ԺҪԶԹΪģΪ֮κε񼣣Ҳûйǿ󣡡
ҪȥΪ׳һҶ岻ݴǡ
ץʱ䣬ԼǿȻںϴзӡǵԹΪ룬ûǿʵ޷Щģ˽λ޷㣡
ⶼ֮£
Դʮλ˸Ϊںǵ󷨿ռתҪߣ㡢ˡס׶ѡסֻףӵе񼣣Զǿ񼣣ʱʱ̵̿ȱ飬Ҫǿ
ҵػȱڵ£Щ˸Ҫץסʱ䣬Ǳøǿ󣡡
̫Ҳһ䡣
ڵ㣬ҪںϣǾͲ㣡
ھͷڴҶӵй֮ﵽָ߶ȣ罫аնȹⳡƽ١
֮Ĵߡ
ȷӵй֮ƣ
ϹŶȻ뿪ǵ־ʱ֮УһֱػŴ죬ȻҲע⵽Ҷȵһһ
½ЩףÿһܵǵĹע
ɽ硣
ô£һ񼣸𣿡
ɵ֮ĪͻȻֶ
ǵ־Ȼǰ룬Ȼӵںϵ־жҲܸӦӦһ֮
벻½֮Ӧٶ
׾㵲ѣûǵĴ죬벻ԽԽǿ
ζݡ
죡
̫ʼ࣬â֮УС
ܼپͷС
̫ʼͻȻ̾̾ҶȾȻںϹ񼣡ںϵļ֮Уǹ֮ԶţȷΪǿס
ѵˣ֮ǹ֮ҶҶȣҶδܴﵽ֮ĸ߶ȣѾʱǣǻʱһԸң
ӪԽԽǿǱ񼣣˾ѪףӦöվǱߣԸǣмܣ
ˣ̫ʼżë
ʵʤаսܳΪǿףҲ־ֻߣ
Ƴ̫ʼȻţͻȻȳ̫ʼֻ񼣵ףȴû׸еơ
Ҳֻȵסˣܲ
Դռ䡣
ֻҶһֱ֮Уơ纺硢뿪ռ䣬ȥһ֮С
ȱڣ
ҶȻؽӡǰʲôûеİգȴִݣ֮һĺڶڶӵ񼣣Լ󷨡
̫Լһֱ֮Уֱ񼣵ػȱڡ
ڿ֮⣬ʱʱһڶȱڣԼݣһͷͷ˫ͷħּԦڶ˺ҧݣô̵ľݣܵ˫ͷħֹвٳ׹
ʱħֹݣҲҶȴϵĳϾںϣ仯Ӧ֮С
ƹȻ˫ͷħֲϹݣһػȱڣ˵ʲôʱͱ顭
һ̣ǰκܡ
д죬С磬Լ󲿷ʱգӦ֮У֮ӵе
ߣӵʣ˿ɼ
Ϊ޲֮󣬾ⳡƽ٣벻кܳ·Ҫߡ
ȱڣҶܸӣߵһѾʿĸ߶ȣʱյ㡣
ʱ䲻ϳȥҶȶԣֻ£һռдԪƬξУǿ
Ϊ֮һµĿʼ


2430 Ĵ
֪ȥ
ͻͻͻ
֮ϣһͳ˧ֿȼյĻϵѹȻ飬ɼ·Ĺжྪˡ
ӭף
Ӱ콵٣Ǵ˾һλ󲻿ԵŮӣŮһۣоһ
崨񼣵ףˮ֮
ͳ˧Ǵǿߣӭ׽١
ˮ֮ĮɨΧȻǷ棬·ܼ֮ˮ򣺡˾ǿˮ֮ӳַѹṥֹɱҲף
ϧŸոյõУֵĻҪ׵Ķֻܷ࣬иƵİ취㿴޷ֵã½صЧ࣬һЩ
ԭ˾ˮ֮Ҫ취ˮ׼󷨡
ڲǿͬ£ͷԶȥ
һңԶķ档
Ƭûйδõӡ
Զĺˮ֮Уʱʱðɫݡ
ٽˮһһ󶴾Ȼڽ֮г֣һͷͷħڹ㡣
ɽ磬ƬͶˡ
䣡
һȻ԰ĕ˸ͫǱ壬ʱʱо˸
ҪһʱܴͨͨʱҪһݴ񣡡
صҡҡͷ־סٷƬ·һƬȼŵƵɽռ䡣
һ
ô£ͻȻôƬ
ǿϢһɶԭԭԼףŴַʮǿߡ
â㲢δɶ󡭡ƺϷһ֮
ѵڴͨ㣿ߣ˭ʲôĿģͨ㣬ǵͿԴɱ磡
ԭ۶һӡԭ۶Է㡣
þ֮
·ǵϢԭг֣Ϊ˴ͨ㣬ȻֱͷŲþ֮
ݡ
㣬Ƿ޷⽣ÿһһƬʱԭۼֱ޵дڡ
þ֮ԺɱҲҪｻ֣ʸ뱾֣
ռһֱھȴţԭ۵ʵһս⡣
Լʱ֮Уź¡һһͨͻȻ֣ŴƬ֮ڰɸߵĺ󷽣һֱͨԼâϷΪǹ¡
ԭǰЦûаװ˷Ѳþ֮Ȼͨһͨ
㿴Щۼ˹ͨҪɱ磬Īµһ壿
ԭ۴Ӿϲ̾ͳ
֣µ壬ѵǣɱɱ񣡡ۿӵս⡣

ΧռһӰֻףڤ£ӿֶ鶼ǵͷ
𺳵Ӹ߿գͨ
һϹŶҲϵ
ء
һŽ֮۽ӡ֮з
ڤ޲̤Ҫһʱܸξۡ´Ϊǲɱͨ
һأԭ۴۵Լ
򵥣ץסŪ
ǣ
ӡ
ʱ·ӿϢµĵһâƿնһ㣬ɱӡˣطɳ
ԭھͷһ֮ͬͨ£ɨӵ֮УһߴɽǿߣţѺЩˣͦͨ
ء
ǧǿߣǸ̬뷢ŭ֮һâƶˣΪƣȻɱ֮ͨС
ž·ڤףԼͷʣһ־ͷڵȴ·
֮ͨУ˷ǰŵһľ׵Ҫǵƣ壬ľǡ
ֱδâûκ屬âǶΪһڷϾһֱ룬ֻǻǣ磬ȴǳΪķ²

ǧǿߣѹ˳âȵķ֮ϣΧѰӰ
ķϣӰӣ
ͨ˭ͨģҵһæдͦ磡
ʮɳͨžǵǡ
ٵǿ߱âϢѹƣ޷Ӧеǿ߿ʼӦ˵Ӱ򲻾ˡ
磡
ԭ۴ĵ׺֮£׷״߶һɹɵϹ⿪ʼڷϿշڣΪӡһ󷨡
˾
ңԶˮ򣬴˾ˮ֮ڴŸ֣ˮϿշУˮǰտʼӿһɷ
ˮ֮ͻȻΪ͸״˾ҲüͻȻߺǵƣǰд·
ಣ
һǿߣƿնȥ
һ
۵糸䣬ڵڷ֮ᣬͻȻһâӣƿնĿǵ硣
䣡
âӹ̫ͻأõ飬ǿߣ׷ױ촷ۡ
ǿߡͷŭâӣ֮гֵŮӣڤɱڣ֮ˮֹ֮
ȥ
һɱ
˾
һˮ֮ش֮һӰζβһڣͰǵ糹׺顣
ӰٿȻûΪ˾һͷҲϳ
ǵȻһͨҺ÷ֵ磡
˾Ҫǿˮ֮񣬵类һͳ׻Դͷ˾ٴι
ҪĺϷܱЩ֮ƻ
ȵͷΧɱ˾Լˮ֪֮ڴ˾󷽣һֻͻȻһ£Եд˾󱳡
˾ɣһ˵Ѫ
˭ͷĿ
ˮ֮æڴ˾ǰͷŻâƬռ䣬ռ飬ϧûмʲôӰ
֪Ǻη֣лл
ڤɳףҪΧ˾ˮ֮
ͬʱ֮ͨУִɽĵǿߣµĽҲʼᡣ
һнʮ

񷣬ӿһƬƬŤӰ
ɱˣ
뼸֮ȸս٣һ˾ˮ֮˽ӡϸ߿ա
ҴȻɱϽ磬ǺԵֵ
벼״һЩͷ֮ϣΪƣ׽籣
ǽӡ֮󣬴֮Уɳǿߡ
Щǿǵ£ľǿߡ
ʣʣడ࣬Ȼ˽ŽᣬǴԶŴսҲĽԴģý޷֮
ڰ֮Уӿһͷͷ˫ͷħڿԳֻ֣ǿһᣬħǸӵлԪ࣬ɱ࣬Ҫȵ壬죬ҪԼУ
ҲҪżԸЩ֮ǸͨҴڶʱ䣬˳ɱ磡
֮Уͷڷֲ´
ͻͻͻ
ƬͨΧһʱӿâÿһƬâ֮Уǧ
ɱˡ


2431 Žλ
õ㲻ȡɱ
˾ˮ֮Щ֮ȻȲаЩףҲʮԪҵĴڣ֪δȣʱɱֲĴ´﷨
ಡ
֮ͳ˧Ĵ£߶ӡâ
Щ׼һУʱɱٶȡӡһģһ
գۼ䣬ֻϿգͻȻƼ׹⣬һΪ׹Ļ߳߳¡
׹Ļ֣һȻû׼ã׹⼸Ҫѵ˺顢ƿһƿһ硣
Щֻǿǿ߷ǿ߱׹Уǿ߱˺顣
ףǵݱܷâ
Сʱ󣬵һѾʧأ˵ǱװɱǿҲ̲ס׷Ԯ
һϹŶͻȻаЦ취ˣЩ˷ڽϷҪ绹˲
ð취
׷׷޳ɣһѰ취
Ϸʼ˺
âɽˡ
һ˭ǵ·ǵ¶޷ˡ
ɣǱ޳ܣû̫ڤĵĶˣ
ΪߣھͰѵ飬ѵǿ߸ϳ硣
λ֮ŭɶģ˾ƵǾܶԼ֡ǲǱù˼Щ桢ʲôֱǿԶ䣬Ǿܣ
ͻȻɱ磬ҲҪ²÷˺󣬶ҲҪȴˮ֮񰲾˵
ͬ´﷨Χͷŵս⣬ʧҲʼ˺
ɣйȻãǿɱЩжǷˣҲˣȴںǣ¿ɸ׼ʱ䣡
һǿǶڸߺ
ͬʱͨʼӿǿߣҲʼ졢ռԽԽˣٵ׶ޣҲӿֶ
벻ôʱ䣬ܴһͨ
쾧С
Ԫ˾Ӱ
ܿҲӾռɳԵЩ糾ͣǳҪ£ʱ䲢㣬ĿǰҲֻܴôһͨʹս²ϯ̫죡
ǻҪȴԤ֮ں񼣣񼣸գǲʵػȱڣɱ磬ȷǸ鷳
Ҳֻеȴϵʲôʱ;ӣǶȡ
ϹŶʱҲûжĺð취
Դռ䲻ԶĴһƬռ䣬Ƭռ̫⣬һĵڹâ롣
֮дЩҶģһЩ֮УԼǧУմ
ӽ죬ں񼣣񳹵ںϣѾȥǧꡣ
ʹٷߣʱ䳤ǧ꣬һǿߣΪҲﵽ£ꡢٻˣ޴ʮʵѾﵽԪ䡣
ֶۡ޵˵ˣ󲿷ֶ̤Ԫ䣬ʼյı仯塣
ȻûԶžͷЩߣĸǾţڵʵ֣ҲԿ
ǻҪڻԪ侳УûԪղܴﵽ¡
Ҷģֻô־ϵؽ٣У棬ѾﵽԪ侳磬ÿжÿԼ
ͨ壬ƴ񵤣Լ಻ľ񵤣
ʱҶҲ˫ۣԭɱϢҲ֪缴ĩսĲпʱ
磬Ӵ̲ϡ
ΪսҲҪʼ׼ͨ񵤣Ҳʼ߶ǧͼн
ˣ
Իʳˣ108״̬Ϊ108Ӱ밽սЩơ
ܿԻֻΪһӰҶȹ
Ѿﵽһĸ߶ȣǱЩ񼣷࣬ʱǧͼһͬƷʣһ̵Ļ羧ʣǿռ䣬羧ĽıݣΪ̣ںϣںϡ֮ǵĳɾͻᳬԽ
ʵҲҪҪӷʼܿڹ֮Уʼ¯
ⶦ¯ɲ򵥡
̬ͨҶͨûԪɢڴıƬҲˮҪһĲ¯񵤣޷
ֻҪһ¯治ס
羧ʣˮ˿ƿصģҶȵõˮںϣ֮ҲûںϱݾҲʹﵽﵽĸ߶ȡ
ҶҲ޷ˮֻܴӴ֮Уմ龧ʣں֮¯ͬʱҲΪ
Ѿ˼顣
ľʣЩ֮ҲںϣֻҶȿ޲񼣣֮޲κ񼣡
峾ͨҶȵ޸Ӧϵطڹ֮Уγһɽ
֮龧ɽſʼںϣҶӡϻΪ¯̬̫һѾ뾧ںϣֻٶȻδﵽֻһһֵںϡ
ᡭ
һ㣬״̬Ĳ¯ɹᡣ
Ȼûںϵ״̬Ѿ㹻ˣҶҲûҪȽ̤Ԫ䣬һл羧ʣںϡ
ʱܡ
֨֨
ڲ¯֮бǧͼнУϵȼš
ʱ䲻ƣһЩǰĻʿʼ֮УÿһںϣǿҵϾƷʶƷʵ򱶡
ʱŽλ񡭡
Žλ񣬳ơ硢纺Ѿﵽ£Ҷһֱͣڰ˽λ
ԭġ
Ϊ޷ġУҪռԪƬҪʱʱ̹̿עǧУΪṩڳΪ֮ͬʱҪΪṩ
ܵ޷ͻƾŽλ
˲òͻƵʱʵ޷졢Լ˴߽׵ԽǿԽܸıΧˡ
ļ£ʵˣûдﵽԪ侳磬ѾӵкŵĻԪһһֻΪ״̬ǻ޷ӵеģ򵽻۷塣
ֻҪһھſԴɡ
ϵسйԼսػƬռ䣬κΣգԾĵزԪ
ʮȥ
ᣡ
һװĸߺͻȻƾ״̬
ҶڱѤĻԪâ̫һľ״̬¸ͷžŵâ
Žλڴﵽ£лԪ䣬ԪУҪлԪﵽ״ֻ̬ع鵽һոµĸ߶ȣ
ͻƳɹҶȶֻ΢ľϲΪһжƿ֮С
䣡
űŪ̫󶯾̫֮Уеʿ飬Ҷ֪Ҷͻơ
ϢҲڱ仯ԽԽޡǿ
ʹ࣬޷ݣҶѾԿٶȣʼոսƹ񼣣ҶʱøһЩɹͷš


2432 ׾ۻ
ʱʱ̿Ϊṩ񼣵Ľ񷣬ԼҶȵļԦ
ڰսʵǿȫ񼣣ûҶȣҲһù񼣱һ״̬
飬ҶѾͻƽõ޴ĸı䣬Ҳﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣҲӽ״̬ű࣬Ҳ
ϧѱںϣվһ򽫶һ޴
ѹȽı䣬ʹøӸ߼Уÿ˶ڲϱǿҶҲͷŴ־ÿ˳ȥںϣȻÿ˶ܼԦ־ֻҪںһ־ʵкܴ
ˡٻȻ־Ĵڡ
֮£˭ӵҶѪ
ȻǺ塢ٻ˻ٶӵҶȵѪ⣬ʲôˣ
ߣԤ֮ӡ
ҶˡٻӵҶȵѪ⣬ҲӵûӵжߵҲ󣬳֮ǽںϾ˵־
ĿǰʵǿģѾ̤Ԫ䣬ٻ˽λҶΪŸո̤ʱйء
ҲˣɾߵĴ
ҶȼԦ־Ǳգֻպһ㣬ܼԦ־ˣ˶ԣ̫ۡ顢ͷҲԼԦ
֮Уһ˵ղ־ǾǴ
ߣĴߣں־ٶڲӣ֮У͵Ĵڡ
ûնɱ𣬵ȷȼ֮
ǧͼнղپƷʲߣҲѾﵽŽλ߶ȣȾâ̫񽣲١
ԪҵҵʣƬӻ֮һɢĽ֮Сܹ죬Ϊ֮һƬ޷Ӧ֮ǣӵһЩƬҲﵽ֮һĳ̶ȣ
һҪҪʵǿĻԪֲϵҪҵеĴԪ
ԻԪڵ״̬Ӧû֮һɢĽ֮УҲ˵ҲٷƬҶȻδռ
ȻҲпһҲпܡ
֮Ҫʮ֮ʼѰңΪ֮׶ѻԪƬóʱںϴԪҲܡ
ף
ȻһŮӵ͸
Ҷ̧ͷ֮ʣֻѪŷսٶ
ǰ
ӰһҶȾ߿գӭӷѪ
ݼףټҶȣﲻѣҶȻһصˣ벻ҡһ䣬Ϊ˹ס
λǷ塣
Ѫ׵Щڹʱɱδɱ磬ҪӦԷ㣡
Ҷȵͷǰǰ
ȥһ˹鿴սҲ÷ǿʱʱ̿۲սȻ˳ҷڤڤ֮ϵһҲˣѪȻȻ¶΢Ц
·棬Դ硣
֮ԴռѾۼ󲿷֮ơ硢纺ѵһ֮ϣҶȵ˵Ŀ⡣
˭ǹף
һʮϹŶǰ֮Ҳ뵽̫ʼһ˼棬Ҳֻ΢ʾЦЦѡ
̫𡢺ԪԼۡѪ룬ϹŶſ
ʮףʱͷŵƣ־ںϡ
ɱ磬ԤҪһЩз赲޷ȫ磬δսкܴƣ
Ԫ֣ڷÿһֶģʵȫȥЩףԷش죡
Ԩ۾˵Ԫۣǲܵ͹ڤЩϹŶ̫ڤһԶԸȻҪҴ죬ονڣЩףҲҪɳһ֣磡
ûпܣ뷲硢ɽԸ磿ʥͻȻ䣬Ϣ˵
Ԩ۾뷲ʥϵ˵꣬Ԩ۾ֱͶĿ⣺ʥǷĴڣ˵ƿߣĵıȻݡ
һԶŴսҲǳ벿ַﵽشĿģһսν˹ʮԪȥû̫ڤʱǲ߻ıҲǼԪ˵ʥԣڴ򷲽硢ɽ⣬Ը磡
λǿ뷨
ԶŴֿǰʮ֮
˾ˮ֮ϾʿʥףһʱĬ˴µȷкð취Ӧԡ
ħͻȻڨڨЦٺ٣λΣҪҪԸ˫ͷħ֣ʲô̫ڤӵĵȷǿ󣬵أҪǾ򣡡
ס
ϹŶû취ԶŵĴˣڵĳħԸࡣ
¾Ǻɱ
ڵâȻһʵڿԳõ֮ʣȻصɽ뷲磬նɱ֮棬񼣣ںµףһǿһʵȻԣº͵𣿡
̫ҲԸ棬ҲʱǺʱ޷γвǿȡʱ棡
Ӱ񼣵Ļ
۾ˣӰ񼣣ɻߴһ߶ȡ
Ҫնɱ棬̸ף
ǻúüƻһ£ǵʵص㣬֪ûµ֮
ǲ飬ԶŴҲĬ
׼ƣ巽涼һڿսսһȫϯ磬Ҳûʱȡ񼣡
ۻ֮Ҷ纺ƵȴԪۡһռ䡣
ףкõĽ飿Ԫۺʵ
׵Ľܺãնɱ棬ȡ񼣣õ;ΪЩ¶
ε˸õĽ飬ҶȵںЩԪλǰΪ
üͷ˼ף
ʵһֱڰռԪ˾ҲңҲѾռ󲿷ֻԪƬ
ĪںϴԪ
ں̸ϣ޲ԪռлԪƬǴԪһ޲ɣûж񼣵ʵҲƽԼ˫ͷħֶԿ
ǴϢ
ԪۼҶȾΪˣԪǺγûҵٴ֧硣
ϧãã磬ȥѰҴԪ
ҲһЩԪƬǲ֪ƬںδԪҡҡͷ
ҶʩȻ޲ԪӵиӦԪӦЩ֮У󲿷ֶлԪƬֹλǰӵУ˼ǰ棬ռеĻԪ޷ֻλǰ棡
µȷӦýʵռԪƬûп޲Ԫ¾ǳ棬İɣ
ԪӦҶҲǳ棬ײ᲻ӡ


2433 ħ̥ת
ǱѹƵķ֮ϣǿʩѹϲ
䣡
һڰħ֣ͻȻץΪȼƬѹǡ
ãˣ
Χǿ߷׷𿪣ͬʱӻƬ֮УĵǿߣһһΧǿ߷
˫ǿ߾ͨΧɱ
ǿ߳ɱȥ׼ô
Ϣܿ챻ǵ֪ͨγսսԽԽҡ
磡
֮ռ֮ԽԽá
߿֮Уһ¯ȼգΧдǿµ¯һһϳ֡
һЩӵеϢڽӡշϱһ¯ա
״żףЩ¯Щ¯շЩӵеϢʲôĶ
Զдӿ
֮ɳ٣̺Ϣ󣺡֣ǵ翪ʼյϢһֱڷ硢ɽռ䣬֮ڰƻ磬ǲշ硢ɽ֮Ժｨ磬ȱ
Щʵ飬Ϊⳡս׼
֮ڷ磬һͬ뷲硢ɽԸ磬ⲻ֪ò󷨿ռ䣬ڷӡ֮Уʱǽ磬ҲԳ
ҸоЩףȴ󷨣ɽȥǲҪԶţɽ磿
ų뷨Σܳ٣ֻҪȷӵпԽɣǾ͵õɱһսѾʧپţ
̸֮һᣬ²뵽ǿжȥ
磬
߳߳
ս֮УһƬ׹⣬ͻȻϯ˷
ˮ򡢷桢졢ǿߣƬ׹֮£׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
ɽڻȻã
׹룬ԭһ󷨡
֮У뼸֣ȻΧһѪأѪ֮УƯŴʬ塣
濴ȥֻһССѪأѪڲռ̫ˣʬ壬˵Ҳ֮ࡣ
۵ȸ֣ڳɽɽ˵Ϊ󷨹γɰΧ֮ƵһͻϮ
һնɱ˽ǿߣ֣ؼ飬ǿ߷Ƶģô˻ڲܽ׷׳֮С
ɺ󷨴ң
һЩͷ󷽣ϲͳ˧û뵽ͻȻᱬɻûͻȻ󷨡
ڴʱͶɱﵡȥ
ͳ˧ǿ޷סϷ
ȥǿɢͣһ·ɨ޷赲ǿҲǼ˾ɱ
סƣ󷽾ŸϽΪϲߣǵĵ̣
Ӧ԰취
ʱͳ˧ͬ飬һͳ˧ŷǰһͳ˧󷽣ں֮£дݷ
֮
ӿ磬ͻȻ䣬߿գͻȻһȶҰд̶ĳ
꣡
ͻȻΪһֻֻˣշ֮Уһʱǿ߱ﶼĶ֡
˷·ʶȼţֹǰ
ŴΧռ䣬ͳ˧ͷŵͨ籩ӡ׷ںϣٶҪѵû
óѣ
۸սȻŭ
ոɱΧ֮Уһͳ˧֣ѪϷ뼸ͷŹĵ棬Ѫһַ
죡
һƬ˴ͨɳͨͨӡס
ۺЩѪ֮УŽħЦݣ˷׷ױѪˮɣʹţҪƴѪɽԸ磬ղСƣǳ
Ѫ
ۣץѪأ֮ڵĳˮ澹ȻһµѪá
ã˵һ
۾бӣͺͺԿǶûͷѪܵģ
Ѫǡħ̥תƶɵģ˵ȥɣ
ץһѪѪɳаɾ޴󣬸оӤЦݣ۾ħѪſ죬ɳųĳӣЩµѪҺ
һʱ䵽Ƿĳӡ
ѪҺǿϣµĶʴǿʹ
ʱѪϴѪ
ƺǵħ̥ת
ͳ˧ɱǿߣ϶մѪʱħǿ˾綾޷ս
һ뼸ͳ˧ЩѪֻǻδѪ֣ӵһʵĵͷ
˲γһһƣǶǴﵽ£еǻԪͷ˫ţʱύ֡
˺󣡡
ͷҪ֣ͻȻһѪߣ󷽷滹ŲѪǿߡ
Ƕĸµǿߣ֧Ԯǣ
Ѫħĸµľͷ֮һ
ͳ˧ǣԼ粻ǿߣϳ֧ԮѪˡ
ѪȻ͸ű塢а֮ȴԶĸµǿߣ磬Ҳˡ
Ѫħôǿ˺ͳ˧ڰգ벻߶ħ̥ת̫ڤһϹŶɣҲͨ
ѪѪҺ޷Ͼ̾
Ϊħ̥תԻΪ¯ΪҩӣƶаֻҪմϾ綾аͻڶԷɶԷһУ
Ѫħ˵꣬˺ʮѪǿһͬӡ
ֻǰִȼյѪɫ棬Ѫɫ濪ʼϯЩħ档
֨֨
ħ汻ѪɫΧĲҽУһʱͬӤڿ˫ǿ߶озë
벻Ҳ˶ħ̥ת߶ѪȼԺʩչҵѾ
ӱ֮ǵһΧǿ߲ѪѪҲ𽥻ָ
ʱһţսѾ޷磬ڷ֮УǶǻԪʼ񣬼Ϊ촷ۡ
֮˵ǰµץôˣ
ɽ硣
ڤŵ֣ʮ˸·硣
Ȼڽ֮УаˣǶӡ
һλ߹ڤˣȼյͷ͵ϮֱӴɽ繥죡
Щ뵽ǻһ֣Щ˵߶ֱ͵Ϯ죿ȼؼ˵Զų־ǵǿߣҪܵƵģ
ڤȻҪ·ˣ
˵˶ɥС
ҪץˣԽԽãɽ˶ץҲӶ࣡ڤ´﷨
ֲ֪ˣҪ⵽֡


2434 ӵĴɱ
ԹΪս˷սһȻ׹ע֮С
ԶŴ˵Ҫػ½ףҪץʱУҶȾһλ
ֿʮΪѴﵽŽλ״̬ʵҲӽԪ伫¸߷塣
Ԫۣ
֮У˶Ҷһţûһ˿иǶʱĴڡ
սͻȻ֣Ҷ֮һͬɳȡ
ܿһӰٶʮϹŶ֮һĺԪۡ
Ԫ̫֮ڤһʱڵĴڣʵޱߣһ־ǰ
ףͨ˵ӦĶʮһٶԪƬ
ԭҶʱ䣬ϹŶǰԼôĴԪ
ҶȻݣЩ֮ʵǿȻףֻһЩδػһ飬ִ飬ϹŶ棬ҲԱܶ鷳
̫񡢷ѪԪۡЩϹŶôԪҲķڷ
һ½ףԼԦԪһȥҪ죬ŵֻϹŶ˭֪ʲô뷨
˱İ棬׶óԪƬԪСһӡҶС
ӡ֮ǴԪвƬǳʮֺˣеĻӵвӡЩף취ںϴԪ
ϧϣ޷ںϣ
ԪʮҶȣΪŹ񼣣̹ͰѻԪҶȡ
ҶȸӦһպñĿǰ˵ˣӦ֮У֮Ȱϣкü˶ӵлԪƬ
Ԫȴ΢Цͬ⣬½棬õģǻõĻԪƬ
ļλ׸£
ԷϹŶ֮лԨ۾ʥλϹŶסֻ½£
лᣬҲ½λһ֮
⵱ȻǺ£㻹취޲ԪҪ£Щʱʱ̶̿ڹţҾͲУκҪģٻǱǣ
ԪۼԦ磬˷ȥʧ֮ʣҶ֡
̫ʼҲ½磿ɽǶԣһҲİȷѡԨ۾ɽƿߣϷʥԼԸ˴浹úʣҲںЩԪƬȻ½õЩϵĻԪƬһĽĻԪƬռţ
ͱϹŶʹ߶󷨣ջѻΪԪ״̬̫һʼߡ
ˣ
֮У
һٶɸߵĴԪ룬̫һںϡ
ԪںϵԽԽˣ֪ΪΣʮٵϢûԪںٶȼӿ죡
ٻԪһ࣬Ưĺ֮УԪܸӦǾƣƸǺɽ糼

ӡ⿪һٶԪƬʱƼֶ
ЩƬСҲȭͷСɶߣƬ٣ɨһҶ߶ںϵĴԪƳϵƣеģһЩҶȶ޷֡
ҶҲ֪ЩʲôûʱںϻԪҪ¡
ԪҶȴ߶֮ʼһһƬٶȲǺܿ죬ЩƬеķ׶ˣеķвЩۼ໥ںϡ

֮УǺıա
ɣſһմɣΧʮͷ˫ͷħƺ˯޴ͬǶ֮УسΪһ
ӣ
һͻȻӕӵڴ
Ӵϲ𾴵ĽӡٻʣĪһжƻ𣿡
翪ʼսӦĽ֮ʧҷ硢ɽĽ֮ҲԾٶĥĺܺãȥʺܿԼ״ȱڣ
پȻû
ۺĺܺãּ˵ʴҪ£ݷԼݻɣǰһָ̣одԪƬյϢ
ĪϴǸӵй֮ࣿ
ΪҶȣܲ򵥣ںϹ֮ĴУеµߣҲ״ԪǵĴУ걾ˣһвܴҲ˶䣬ûԪٴǲܵ£Ҳвڣ
ٺ٣ȥնɱСӣȻںϹ֮ĴУǾͺҵ
ԶԸҲҪһЩۣЩ˼ɣ޷ԳնɱһҪնɱȥѰҴˣܰѴնɱʻλϻλλã
ٻʷģ
ֹͣӡ¶ɱ⣬пЦֹЦݡ
ת֮󣬿Χͷ˫ͷĢ֣ͻȻͷһɺΪƣסΧͷħ֣зּñ𲻼һдۣնɱ࣬ţ뱾ںϣ
ͷħƺ޷˵Ǖӵ˼ףͷħֿʼ䶯ͷſ죬忪ʼСֱҧסӵ˫ֻ֣Ϊƣϵʧӵڡ
ںͷħֵĕӣ׳٣϶ĺơ
ʣͷͷٴҧסӵ˫֣һͷȻҧסӵͷ­ͷħͬʱʼСϻΪƣӵںϡ
ƶ̶ʱںϣʵѹȥꡣ
ϵĺƶ֮࣬ʣ˫ͷħȥ
֮Ϣ
ǰӴһģʼձݵľ⣬Ľ֮ڵľݣ֮ķݣȫһ
Ŷ
Ҫ죬֪ӸӦʲôϲȶգ˫ͷħַ׷ռ䡣
Ѿ½磬ѽɽ硭
ǰҶȽ磬طȥ
ѾںƬҪɽȡ֮ϵı
Ȼ㡭
Ƭ̼䣬֮УѶǰƿնȥҶȡ

˿ûԥһٶȴﵽ޷һգۼ䣬ϢҶȺ󷽣ָоƹצץҶȺ󱳡
ˣ
Ҷȸ뵽Ϊ״̬£Ȼ˸͵Ϯ
һֱͷ֮У΢΢ƿԤ֪ԾʩչռͨһΣһǡ
䣡
Ҳ򵥣ʮּ̣ӵָץϷץķѡ
عͷɴͫҶͬʱ֣ƻ࣡
ԭ㣡
һ۾ϳӣҶΪϢ͵ϮҲĺã֮£İɣΪ߱𣡡
ƾ㣿ѸӦں˹񼣣֮˰ɣΣбٻ񼣣
Ը㲻ù񼣡֮ǰҵ޵䣬ңںδ
ٻ𣿸㣬ҲҲˣޡǰϣϧֻлʼ˲֪䣬ҪˣЩʲô
֪󵽵˭
ҶѾȼɱ⡣
ɣ
һȳ֣һҶڵĿռҧȥ

Ҷڵİռ䣬ȻоʯסӾһʯҶռ䲻ɹȥ


2435 
˫ͷħֵ
ռƶҶȣ·޵ԶɵһĻĻӵһޡ
ֻûЕˡ
ڿԿ϶޵ȷǿ塣
ǰ壬ضΪ֮塣
ҶȸǕӵĶ֣˭ÕӵĹ̫ţݲҶκηӦ
ӵմЦտռ䣺Ҷȣ֪ҰֶΰɣɣҰ޵еģǿԦκοռ䣡
̫С࣬־ޱߣ
ռƣȻҲҶȵƣߣӵʣһߣξߡ
ʶǶᣬ߲ǣǿУ˵ĴУԳߣ߾Ҷ

ƶһռƬۿҪռ䱻ӳȥҶȽӡ֮ڵĿռͻȻصһյĿռ֮С
ˣ
ԭӹӵƿأ֪ռƬʧǱγɵĴնռ֮УҶȾͷԼ޷жΧնռûʣһԪҲûУж
νӡ
ʩչͨ
ڵʵѾﵽٻʵĸ߶ȣϹŶҲҵĶ֣
ſһ磬µĿռ䣬ΪһռУһһХԺֱײƣϯҶȶȥ
С
ڴ߶״̬֮£Ҷ޷տռԦռ䣬ӵ־ԼľʣҲڴڶռݺᡣ
ʡ
ǿǻ壬羫Ĵڣ籾޵ĴԻӦĴڶռ䡣
ಣ
һռƬУҪҶײ֧飬֪СƿκƬ޷˵Ҷȡ
벻
ͻȻһҶǰıռǰͬħҶȣʮָ·ܰκץ顣
ߣ
ִ߶ʵҶΧΪ̫һһץһʥǹˡ

ӵʮָʥǹֱӲӲ˫ֱȹʥǹҪӲҶȿʼɱ
ӵƻǺԵģڱռжΧҶȲչҶֻܷʩչ̳ʥǹ
䣡
˭֪ͻȻӿ칥ٶȣһȭʥǹײһ𣬰ѹʥǹ飬ûһơ

̫̫ѸͣҶ޷Χռ䣬ڹʥǹ£ӵȭͷ硣
С
һѪҶȱˣȲǿʧȥƽ壬ͷֻڵƬռ䣬ԶռںϣɲǻΪһӰʧڱ֮С
ܲˣ
һҲ뿪ڶռ䣬ҶǱ֣ſҧȥ
̹ɿռĿҶȻװȿƣִ߶ռͨƬռ䡣
ո뿪ռͱӸˣצڼռҶȣҧһڡ

ҶͬռԾһδͬռ䣬Ŀռ䣬ͨͨΪһռ䡣
˵սѾﵽ׵ĵزǿռͨ¾ǾϹŶҲ̾Ϊֹ
ˣȻԷһսԸ
ϰٴ֮Ҷ취ԸӣǲöԸģӲðѣԷٶȡʵռƣ
Ͼ뵽һð취ԸӣÕԸ
ٵƶȥʱֹͣɣһһϵ׷ɱȥ˼ʮ룬˵Ҳʮ׾롣
֨֨
ʮڴʱ룬ޱߣðȼյĻն
λͳ˧ǹף˺󣬱Ҫ˫ͷħֵԸ
ҪսҶ֮һսͳ˧ֱ
ף

ֲ޴ķսеͳ˧׷յҶȵּǿʼ˺
Ŷ
ս֮һһͨϿա
ѾҲռ棬뼸ףΧȻڳˣʵ벻һ¡
Ҳףǿ߼ڳˣΪڰˣ׷׸ߺսĿʼףеҲһ׷ɱȥ
֪ڴʱͻȻӰ
ֻǼ䣬벻ףԼͷ׷񷣺СģϾͷˣ
֮УҶȸͨΧսѾ˺µľ޴磬ԼǿߣЦˡ
ಣ
ۣҶȾȻڵĽ֮УΪ޽ߣҪκ󷨣ףڻ֮
ˣǿɱˣ
ҶͻأͨʽƯڵ֮еϷֶƽؿƶصƷŵõȲ
ΧͷҲ׷Χɱ
ɾһɲǼ䣬һɿµ˺ҧȻҧڵ֮ϡ
ΧɱҶȵľͷǣԼһʱ䶼оһɺռϢ͸ڵսΧǿǣҲھ۾עĶǹ׵䡣
ɴʱǿǣһӰͬħޱߵĶħһڰ·ѵһס
ٿ
ǺӰٴηڰѵҧһѳǧǿߣһС
˭
һãһžĴնռ䣬ֻһжѣ뼸ŵñɫ
˼˼
ҶȣʱѾ뵽·ɲ뿪ҪÕӼƻ硣
ɱӵйϢľͷȥɱǺˣ
ǣڷ˭ڹǣ״ŴǿߣȥԸ֮ϵĕӣʣ¼ҶΧɱȥ
Щǽ磬ܣ
Ѿɱ˫ۣǷҪնɱҶȣ˭ֹ

ɲǼ䣬ۿΧɱЩʵ֮£ҲȥܶԸЩס
ĿҶȣԴһӣΧӿʮ˫ͷħ֡
ǡǡ˫ͷħ֣
Χǿߣȼ˫ͷħɱռ䣬Ƕ֪˫ͷħֵҶ֮ǰѣһ𺳲ѣûš
СģƺԶŴս˫ͷħ֣ʮҪСĶԸǣ
޷Ըӣתȥ
һֱעҶȣſҧȥµ츳ϕӴʱڷ٣ôǿ
һȥһƬռ䣬֮ĵʿʿħޣͨͨƬߣ޷κӡܡ
̫ˣ
Ͽգͷ١
Ϊ׵Ǵ˾ˣδϹŶ
ϴȻҲ֪˫ͷħΪҪԸϴ󣬲ϴ󷴶˫ͷħֶԸֻϴĳ
Ҳ֣֮·Ȼ󲻿Լ׵Ǹ𱣻ΧǲҪսĽϴУ
˾ͷ˵֮󣬾·ȥ
ƣãȲҪ֣ҪѶԷսħĥ
ҶڶĽУӦɱһ֮ʱɳ磬綼Ҫɡ
߶ռͨһȥ


2436 ɱ˕
Ҫħһͨս֪ͨǷͳ˧
׺ôֱʣ¿õڶʱ޷γв
˾뼸֮Ҷ⣬Ҳʼжȥ׼
ڕ׷Ҷʧ뿪Ƭս
ʮͷ˫ͷħڵͷΧ£ɲٵǿߣûټȥǷ׷׶ա
ɲǼ䣬Χķսһӱų
Ǵնռ䣬Լǿʬ壬Ľ磬顣
ǿߡͷʱͻȻı仯޷عĴһƬǽ壬ֻһ򣬿ʧݡ

֪
Χ߶󷨣һȼյâ棬֮࣬һأõһ޷׼һâڷ֮бըɱõһٴܵش
෴ڵõʽıӿսǶƣϣһƽ
ڿü
֮
Ҷȣ㻹ӣ
֮УӰ׷Ҹϡ
ŭɣǰҶȣٶȾȻ޷ԽҶȣĽ綼ûĵطɣ
ϴС˿ͳһ£жţ
ǰҶʩչȫ٣һṦ򣬾ܴﵽսҲһգһƶ
Σʤƣֵٳ֣ܽնɱ
Ҷȴżʱδ죬ԕӵڳƳֵĻ˵֣Ӱ
޷ﵽЧ
ʮ󣬹սڳֶѾ˵ԶԶģһϷ棬ڵ֮ϣȻдǿڽӡƺѾ֪ҶѕԸ
ڵ֮УɼԼٵͷ
ˣ׼߶󣡡
ѵ֪һƬսħֻĳҪڵǿߵŻԸ˫ͷħ֣Լס
ҶҲϳףԼһЩͷµʱڤѵһϣϸظ֪԰Ը
벻ھó
ԣң
磬Ҷȿɲɵ߶ͨȻֱʧȻƬ̾ʹԼͷ֮ͨеĽڡ
½Ĺף
׾ҪҶȳ֣ǶԷ׾ʧȻɱǵ磬Ǵֲ
ٿ
ǻΧɱҶȣϧҶ֮в֣ǿǣ޷
ʱȴǸӿֲˡ
ӲŲʲôˣǰϣֻҶΨһĿģһɾɺڰ

ھͷδ˫ͷħֽ֣ħ֣նɱԶŴĴڡ
ˣ
ϯ󷨷ϣǷγһǽ壬Ӳѕӵס
벻ͷֵʵﵽ˾˵ĵز
ಣ
ܷסӵĹھͷѾףڲֹЕӣʮײе˫ͷħִΧӿŴ緢
ĩգоһ̽١
׵Ⱦͷǰһ룬ԷסӵĹеģʿ񣬿ʮͷ˫ͷħͻȻԽ緢һ룬޷κηӦ
һ֮󣬽ͱɳʮ󶴣ٵǿҲ֮ɣȻһֹ
ʹ죬ʹ죡
֮ǿǣ׷۸ߺǳ֣ѾܵشΪٶʧ
ʮ֮
ѾƣѰҶȵټ˺ҧһУֹκΪʳ
࡭һ׼
Ҷ߳󷨣Χͳ˧´﷨ּȻԼ֮һͬһշȥ
ҧ׷ȥ
䣡
Ҷ´﷨ּ֮ͳ˧׷׷ֹ׹ڵս֮С
սһû
ʮͷ˫ͷħֺܿҲʧŕӶȥ
ҿҪ֪ɱֲģ
ڵ˶ԸӵʱҶȾȻֱӴ߶ġ
Ȼкܶѡʵǿ״̬Ǵ߶񼣣ڴҪֻʵԸǿĕӡ
ӻ׷ɱ֮УҶԽԽٶȱ֮ǰ졣
컯ȭ
Ҷȵٶһ֣ӼһĻΪҶѾ˼£޷ȼٶȣݺݵش߶ơ
ⲻ֪һ̣󷽣ȻһҶȡ
ԭͨ塣
ͨͷųԹ֮ҲҶ֮ͨ󣬵һοĳʩչ
䣡
Ļ֪ҶȻֶΣͨ䲻⣬ͷǿŹȭѸͻЕӵĺ󱳡
ȭİ壬ȻΪϹ֮У̴ӵš
ۡ
һѪ˫۾Ϊ죬ֱͨҧ
ͨһڕ֮ʣҶȵıѾֳֹʥǹһǹ׼ӵദɹâ߳һӵš
֨֨
һɸʴʼɹʥǹòѪڵĺѪʼѹƹʥǹ
ѵûࣿ
Ҷ˳Ƴʥǹæˣֻ֕ˣûΣգǲڵλ
һѪΪһҶͨ޷ٷ͵ϮѪҶȣ඼Ҫ
֮ǰҾ˵֪ҵ󣬵˭
˕ӣǿ̶ֳȣҶҲʶȷ̫ţֲõôԶŴϡ
壬֪жӡĴڡ
ơӾҪԼչҶ֪ˣ˸һͻϮ˵
̣
һħӰͻȻﶯһͷâѸײڶ֮ƣ϶£޷ӦĕԴϡ
䣡
ӵͷ­ڳƴ߶£ǳȫһֱӰѕӵԴ飬ͬһܵѹ¡ըѪڿб

һҶԱߣЦϴħȻ˰ɣ
ͷĸͷûˣܻ
ٿ
һŴ죬ҶƲͻȻӺգһҧסӵ塣
һͷ˫ͷħ֡
ȶ˳֣ͷħںϣӵ徹ȻΪħ̬޴ޱȣһͷ­飬źѪȻ֮УӰ
׷𺳵˵ħֵʲô·ɱɱ
׷Χʮͷ˫ͷħ֣ǵ̣һδﵽǿ״̬óóȻ׷ɱȥ˵Σգ
סƣ׷ȥ鷳
ƽһӵۣ಻İ
λף
Ӱٶɱ˫ͷħ֣ΪǸˣû°ɣ
ȭҶȵлǰģû£׼ȥɽ磬æԸ棬ҲҪ񼣣ԼԪƬ
дʵѾﵽĪ졢ǰ߶ȣǣҪСģǻǱ֮Ķ֣Сģ
Ҳͬ⡣
ҶƵ㣬Ҷȴ߶ߴͨʧڷڡ
̫ˣײųΪ֮ûжãʵ׷ͨףٸһʱɳȥջﵽָ߶ȣ
ֻ˫ͷħ֣ΪҪ׷ɱףѵҪһΣȶԸΪǿ𣿡
ĿͶȥͨԿ㣬һ󣬲Ŵһɻƿնȥ


2437 ͵ϮĪ
ɽ֮ϵ޽֮أ¶˳磬һ
ɶĹף벻һ½ףʵ
ʵˣֶҲʮ͡ҾҲһһң
ʮףۼ󷨴С
棬ȼγͷģ
ڤϹŶϷֻЩ״ڣڤ̫죬ϲֻҲ͹˫ͷħֵ˴ǱҪµսԲ𣡡
ԱһλϹŶףǰͨΪӪһδ⵽Χɱи飬ǲӦȥֱɳʮ·Ҫֳʮ·Ӳͬͦ磡
ʮ·ЩףԴӸټǿߣʮ·ʽɱ磬ҲƣһԸǣʱսεõ֧Ԯ
ʮ·ͬʱսȷ޷໥Ӧ
λǵĹѿǣʮ·ɱ磬ҪǸӣΪעΪǰעȥԴķǾͿԳû͵Ϯ죬ֻҪ飬Ȼ˫ͷħֶԸ磬ҲӶԴ
ԭλǰаšǻЩףܳɹ͵Ϯ죿
·һλ׾ȴһɻؿϹŶ
Ҳɹ⣺ڵ͵ϮȷѶȣȻԴм̵ķ
Ҳ޷ͨҪ죬̸ף
ǵʤ磬漴б췢ݡ
ʵԸ׼֮֮ǾͿʼоԸİ취Գɽ硢֮Ը죬ǵ磬ٻܵԼƣԷ硢ɽ죬Ͳͬˣ
ڤף渵еļƻȻ߸ϣ硢ɽ磬֮뷲硢ɽҲ࣬괴Ľ磬ʹһƽĽ磬ܳ뷲硢ɽǾͿԶԸ磬ϴԶŴսΪǿش磿Ϊʧܣ
ܳɹɱ磬죬ҪΪԶͨǿ⴩޷ԶͨܳɹԸ磬ΪʲôʧܣԵĿƣǺܴһԭԶͨ飬ÿսʼܵƣղòˣ
ΪܶԸ죬硢ɽ簵н飬ɽԼСӵеԪղųɹҵʿӵʿӵҵϢЩ鵮ʿ硢ɽ硢֮УҪԳԽ硢ɽе󡢰뷲硢ɽ֮
Ȼ黹һԭ֮õʿںϢ뷨Ҳ뽫֮ǿԿǰˣֻƽٽ֮ʣȥǵѰˣȡ裬ӵв֮Ҳռɽ硢粻ʱգ
벻ǰ˳Զļƻ
ʮף󣬷׷ױڤ
ϹŶһԶŴսҵԸõİ취һҲΪǼʧ
һλϹŶɭϵĵȻҶµȥδҾץʱ䣬ѰڷĴǲϽ磬λף׼þͦ˷ɱֲҲ׼͵Ϯ죡
·ףһʱʼ
ʱɽһʱգͥڵ޽֮С
̫ʼƯڳ֮У·Χĵսۣ޹أǺ󷽣𽥳һӰ
ף
Ӱԭʵӵߣ»
ٱߣ
»һ㻯ΪʥģԸĪ죬׼ϵ˵
»󣬿ʼһ㣬վں󷽡
ʥˣоʥλĸ˫޹ϵҿһ󣡡̫ʼȻ·ɽ磬һĨ䳰ȷ
ʥֻһСˣζǺаԸĪ죬Ī콻ֵĻԶ񼣣ǲܴ߶񼣣ջնɱ
ֵֻҪ߶񼣣Ǿѹ̫ʼ˵
ಡ
һṤʥžʥλĸԼ߷
ݼλף
ո߲ʵ䣬ʥλĸ־ͷ̫ʼǰѾǱϹϾ
ǿ뵽лߵ죬˦֡
ǵ⣬Ӧúβֻһ½磬Ԩ۾ʥϹŶԸ֮İ취ҶԸĪ죬ܵ˻ʤˣԱ֤˿׷֮£ҲˣҲȫ
ฺ˫֣ǱҪ·ԼѡģȴԸǶһѡһǸŵһͬȥ󻹿ѡ񣬵õıӻ
ף˵ô죬ҵȾȥհ죡ʥƢĹ
ʱ»ǰܵλǺ»ΨһһٱߣԱ仯Ϊκˣûг޷ӦҪϢ㣬ȻĪϢ͵Ϯ
ٱߣ
ʥ뼸λͷ𺳵ش»һʣӵеĻкεȵ
ʥʵʵں»ӡ֮һ»Ȼͱһʥ
ʥλĸ޷ֱ˭棬˭Ǽ١
ףжµֶΣֲܳΪ֮
ʥӡ֮󣬾ͱͷһâѾʥλĸһͬâ֮С
»Щ걾ȫ㣬ʵѾﵽµĵزñ͵ϮĪ죬ԺĪԸԼλǲκη
ǣ׷ģβɣҲṶ
»űġ
ɲԺ㻹Ҫҳɾ͹ҵԸݽֻһʼ
൭һЦ̫ʼһ޵Ż֮С
»ʥƣ̬յȴţ졣
ʥкҪ£֪
ɲǼ䣬һâֶ
Ǳ񼣵ףĪ졣
ĪϯĻܵƣں»ǰ
Ī쵹ȥڳһ֮ļơ֮УŻ֮ڣ̫ʼĪ졣
֪΢΢һЦ֮ʱ
ĪɨӺ»ұкҪ£
¸оλƺµúúΪԼĳһ·ϣ׿Զչ
չˣ½磬Ȼˣ
µ˼ǽеλҪһЩΪˣҪЩ꣬ɽõԴȫ׸ף
»һֱ
Ŷ
Ī챾һ߸ϣʮֲмģ֪»Ҫױһ۾
ڴʱӰѾʱ׼Ҫ֡
ˣ
»һץ̯֮ʣֻ֮иһââĪȥ


2438 Ī
ʥȻóôԴһڷ硢ɽ罨磬Իһ磡
Ī·Ӧâ֮Ужپ˵ı¶һЦݡ
ٿ
ץâʱâ֮УͻȻһޱȵĽ⡣
»ҲһץĪ졣
͡
̫죬ٶȿ޷Ī켸ĿɿڴŽԼţ벻һϣ͵Ϯ
ź»ԵĴ֣ҲĪš
ֻ׾ףˣѾں»УһΣ֮Ī־ú»Ѫɡ
ʥԭ㲻ʥĪ첻ƣһź»ѪڿԷʲôˣҪԺ»ɱ֡
Ī켴ˣҪɱ»ҲǺ顣
н죡
ֻ֮֮֮ţ
δɱ۵Ī죬벻ڿ
âĪΧһӲӵĹŻͻأسϷн
סֻסħ
Īһ̣ڲӲӵֻ֮ţѾͷæ֮Уһ
ţȻӿâ
ᣬâ޷ӿâѹƣֻ֮ţѾĪͷ­ϡ
񼣡
Ī죬Ȼһٻ񼣵ʱҲûУֻ֮һͷ
һʱŭѵĪ޷ٶһ£˫Ѫ˿ϵҡβͷɢң߸ߵﶯ
ֻ֮Ϸ̫ʼ֣ѹֻ֮Ϸһ˵û񼣵Ī죬񼣱Ī죬Ҳмܡ
ֻ񼣿ǰ֮һأ
ħɣ
̫ʼһĪǰӿһŻŻĪü֮С
ͬʱΧĪâ𽥵ذһ޵־ƿƬռ䣬ռȥ
Ī죡
̫ʼʽֶ
Īɱֻ֮ѹƣŻ̫ʼſһϷǽӲӵֻ֮žͲˡ

Ī쿪ʼģľѹϧոüľӿŻӡǣϢ޷ӿ֡
̫ʼЦˣҲֻ֪֮ŵ108֮Уֻ֮ܿŵģмı񼣣ֻǰҲ
㡭ǡ
ĪҲţȻñѹˣ벻СУ
Ī죡
ʾû̫ʼ˺󣬶Ī棺֪Ϊ˽죬Ϊѹ㣬˶ãٸԪ
Цԩ޳ΪҪԸңǶ𡢺Ԫ۵Ըǵİɣ
ǣֻҵһӰˣҪԸ㣬λ½Ը𣿡
㾿ʲô
Ī𽥰Ҳ֪̫ʼǴҪʲôʲôԸ㣡
Ҫܸ𣿡ͻȻɱڵĺȵ
Ī󣬿Ѿ
ڶѾûжɱ⣬Ī죬㿴˭
ͻȻӡģʼû
ܡУĪЪ˹ҡͷһ۾ϳݣ㲻Ϊʲôţѵת
Ȼתתѵܻ죿Ϊ֮Ī죬㻹ϵС
ѳ£ϣԲǰӣ㲻ں𣿼ȻﵽĿģ֮Ժú̸̸
ҷ𣿡
ǡǣ
벻һĪ죬ӵߣ쾹Ȼͷ
ãҲɱҲԣֻ߿㣬һף̰Цݸӵɡ
ĪͷҺòײųΪ֮ΪˣӵһУܷ£УֻҪ㲻ɱң¶˵
Ȼ֪˭Ǿ֪ҶԸĿģ㻹Ҫʲô
ұ𣿶ˡѵҲԸߣ
겻ߺıұ𣿡
ǣǣһҲãҿ԰ԸߣΣֻҪŹңҳΪҲԣвУ
Ī쳹׿ֻţûκ֪ݺ󣬾֪ԷҪء
ò׳Ϊ񼣵ףòҪһµ磬ôС
Ҫֻһѡ񡭡
ĿȻΪȼյâ꽻ң
ħĪе࣬ħһ
ꡭ
Īһ׾
ûС
һʶԪ־ں壬ǽˣǾֻʣһƤңԶƿء
һҩĪ죬֮ĳޣҪɱ㣬ɣҶԸߣҲò㣬ҪҾͳȫ㣬պǰĳޣȼգû˵ʱ
ҿǡǣĪйĵͷ
̫ʼƳһۣЦ㲻Ļ㻹֮㻹ӵ񼣣ǰ㻹Ǹ߸ϵ֮ĻһеĶʧȥãҲҵͷ
ããã
ĪɽɫӦУҴӦ㣬׳ҵ꣡
ˣ
˵֮Īͫһââ֮зɳһĪ족
ٿ
֮УԼһʱ֮¶һݵ⣺ҲҿƣĪ죬ӴеӣԺ˵ʲôҪհʲôҪаֲԸ⣬ҾҪ꣬ĥ
ңңĪЭӦ
ᣡ
̫ʼһץΧһϢʼʧȻ֮С
ĪָɣһЦҲûУھһǣӴԺ󶼱ơ
ʥҲ´󹦣ǵĺô
˦һââ֮мӰ˲ɽ硣
̫ʼԱߣ˫üǶԸߣϹŶʵǿҲԶԸ͵Ϯ˵İղǺܴ󡭡
취ġѵõ񼣣òõѾҪҪں񼣣ǼǲܵģӵѾǼޣǵԨ۾˺ԸߣܷŹɱٴα
һ֮ʧƬռ䡣
չͥ
ʥλĸƿնʥ뼸ǿ߷׷׳֣ʥλĸ̾Ϣ벻̫ʼ¾ͽĪѹǿˣ
ȷˣ
ʥ˼һ󣬲Ż޽֮أþҳʱȥâԨһˣȡɽ籾ԴֻҪӵбԴɽ޵еģԨ۾ҪԸҲףҲܼԦǣ
Ǵץˣǰ첻ãûӹ
սδȫȼսϯ磬ܹ˵ǣھΪǰ£ʥЦȵ޷˼֮ʣʱǶȡâԨĵط֪ˣֻԨ۾Լ
ΪͶӻùһ㣬ٵλʱ벻
λϹŶȻЩڵ뿪硣
뿪磬ٿɵռ̫ʱգսȴҲվ
أֻܼβˡ
ͷ̾Ϣʥŭɶⲻ𣿺ЩǿʶȤٵһͷâĹ֮ͥС


2439 ڸֶԸ
̫ʼѹĪ죿
ɽʱ֮С
Ҷ֮зУȥ˿̫ɽ磬ְֶɰúãԨ۾ϵ
Ԩ۾ʥ֪Ī챻ࡢ̫ʼѹϢ
ϢŸո½磬Ͱһѹࡢ̫ʼǵˣҲϢеˡ
ףÿһ˶׶Ը̫ʼ½磬԰һλ£Ȼ
Լ㣬ֻҶٶһ㾲׵ʱ֮С
ոճڰգӭӰԨ۾ʥˣһҲ̫ʼӰ
ǰ̫˼Ӱ˸ϣȡɢĴԪƬҲԸλԸ棡
ҶƵ⣬ֿ̫ʼϲλѹĪ죡
ҲҶȡԭףΪԪƬǰЩӣ̫˴УȡеƬǱ֮ϻӵƬЩ񼣣ֵõƬǼʧ
ҵ½ҲЩʱһֱѰһᣬ취Ը֮ˣЩ˶вͨԶԶԣǱǻǻʥΪԴƿߣҲҶϸӦϤıԴϢ
Ԩ۾һɨˣ棬ǿҲʱ̸ӦҵȵĴڣҪǲףֻ֪ףһͰĪѹλΪģζԸ棬ҲˣӲ٣
Ŀʱ̫ʼϣҲװһ㲻Ϥĵǵûжٴ㣬ÿλף
Ǹոյ֪ѹĪİ취
Ԩ۾ڰ̫ʼðٱߺ»ԸĪḶ́˵ʵʲ࣬Щط۸ģƺҲҪһЩܡ
̫֮ʼѹĪĹ֮УҶ󾪲ϹŶҲͲѡ
мıܽĪѹ
λ׼ͬ취ԸߣͻȻ˵ʵǿֻһԸ߽һ취Ī߹ϵǿȶԸߣ
߿ɲĪ죬͵Ϯ֣ʥɻĵ
̫ʼʵʵλϹŶڣǾ㲻͵Ϯ߳ɹȴʵѹߣֻҪܽǾа취
ʱƵ˫ü𣬰гϴϵ̫ʼ½ǲı
ҶʵҲڵ㣬ųѺ˼Ҳ࣬ƺʲôϵڶԸӦû׽ĪѹںжãĪΪףﵽʮԪƾһ㣬Ҳһ򵥵ǰٹ۲죡
ҲգȵõЩеĻԪƬ˵һЦʵһֱע̫ʼһһ
ף֪֮䣬ôĹڡ
Ī죡
һᣬͻȻĪ죬ֻĪһâ٣ʵʵԨ۾ʥϹŶĪ޲ھҸطȥ
Ϊףľ֧Ȼ
أͷˮһգܡ
Ԩ۾ŭȼգԵĺȵ棬ð㵱նɱ
֪ˣϣֲĪŵֱ£֮еİǡ
౧ȭ۾ѿ꣬ҲڿƱ񼣣Ը棬ĪҲеһֵ
ꣿ
һ֪ΪΣоһĺ
Ī쾹Ȼ˿꣬Ƕĳ裿һ˿꣬ھһľżһʬ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ԼҶƣоֶ̫ΣַʽԴһ֮
ĪӴ
Ī죬ĮȻ˵пдԪ̫Ԫ۵ϹŶռƬеĻʵó
żȻõһЩ
ӡֻóһӡѷӡҶȡ
ҶȵͷоҶʾãְĿĪϣʵҪԸߣ߹ϵֲҪԸҪ߳ǾԶԸ棬£˵޳ɰ껹㣡
ꣿ
ĪѡΧһڴĿ£ʵԣȻԣҵȷ߹ϵãһ˵ҽֻҪҿȻһ˹
˾ۼλֶΣ͵ϮҲмְգ޷͵ϮɹҲһͬѹǺúһ¾ĺ취
ϴ̫ʼƺߵĺֿܽĪ졭ҿĪ죬ͿԼԦ񼣣ԺǻСģ
ּƻ֮Уһֱע̫ʼһһ
ңԶɽ֮С
֣³ȥһ£
һʱմ֮У񼣵ףڻ԰֮죬ƺС
һ⻪֮󣬾
Īкη֣
һƬƬɽʱգڴĪ棬ĪϹȥۣ˵о˷֡
߹Ȼˣƣ³֣ҲҪչʵϹŶڣԸߺף̫ʼ֪̫ϸ
֪ӽֵϢϴ˭½ף
ЦǺǵĵҶһ֮С
ԶռȻŤһӰʱ
񼣵ףߡ
ߣ
ĪҲһڰ֮һ˷֣غҵĽ
ĪǼϷһͺֱӣⷴ޷Īƽʱʲôͬ
𣿡߹Ȼûлɡ
ġ
Īǰһ棬ͻȻ䣬˵һ仰һѱĺֻһ߶೤ͬһ¡
ۣ
һĪݺݵؽͱߵš
ƣ
޽磡
ͻȻĪ͵ϮϹŶæɻûסӣ࣬âԵؾߡ
ۣѪæ߶ԪҪ򱱳֮Ԯ
Դģ
Ԩ۾Ϸ˫һһԴâͻȻסɽʱա
꣡
ԺɳɲǼ䣬Ԩ۾ƿ֮£׷ȼա
ڰеĳƣֺǺǵЦϴ˵ˣࡢ̫ʼԼǳ֣ϹŶȫԶԸ޷ߣ
ûˣĪ죬͵ϮɹɵģĺܣҶȴһգʲôûУͨԿ̫ʼƯ
ȱϹŶѹߣһⷢÿڰг֣
Ҷȼ׼߶Ϣһء
ͬʱԶ̫ʼҲδһ£Ҷ뵽һȥˡ
治ҶһӷһУ̤磬Ϊ֮š
ֻǿϧߣĪ컹ԩ֪ξͱŵ͵ϮȻֱϹŶơ


2440 նɱ
Ī첻ͬǣ߿ɲױ͵Ϯ֡
ϹŶһӲӲս
Ī졭Ұ͵Ϯ𣡡
ͷâ֯һķ˿ڣŭصĪ죺㲻κκ¶Ԥһݣ벻㾹𡭡ǲŹ㣡
Īֳ°񵶣滹ߵѪ
ˣĪ༥вңλᱳ뿪죿㣬Ҳᱻ־˲˹ĵز
ʱ򣬻빷ҧ˼˼
࿴һĻ̫ˣǣڵΪ֮´ﵽֵ̫λ
ɱʼ
Ƶ;ĩ·ߣͻȻӡ߳һӰ
񼣵ػߣʼ
Ԩ۾Ϸ֣ʥֶϢһģһӰպȵʼ񼣵ػߣӦ֪ڴ죬־ףʸٳΪˣ
ӰһµˣҲǲʮ꣬ϹŶ׵λףȻ־ںϣػֻԶػ񼣣ں񼣵ˣҪܵػ߱
ƺõתƺڽʼָơ
ףǿƬռ䣬֪޷ٻ񼣣ʼҪɱңҲҪصĴۣԴƣҲɽ߶񼣰ɣ
۾㻹ǼƬռ䣬Ըˣ
뷲ʥ߱ƽ
֮ϣԨ۾ɽ籾Դ޴ռ䣬һбԴԼ־ƿأκųɿռ
һ߸޷κ
ٿ
ʼһ
ߣ
ֶ֮ʣһâһϵɫС
û񼣣ǻػߣԼ񼣵Ϸߡ
䣡
һײһ𣬲ϹŶֱϷ֡

ϹŶ˭ҲûռϷóΪ֮ǰܵشκη涼֣趯ߣΪŤƣʼһ磬ɴ⣬Ϊ֮ƣΧ
ף񼣵ߣ֮飬񼣾ǿߣ񼣡

ȫҲҴ⣬ʩչͨ
徹Ȼ˲䣬Ϊͬ壬ȻΪĹҲǸ̬ҲˣƺЩ֮С
䣡
ȻϯߣΧռ׷飬âɽӰƣΧߡ
һߣɱһɣ
˿ֲ£߱ذɣˣǿֲޱȵǶ֣Ͼ֮л񼣵Ϸ
һʱâ֮УͻȻһŤâ
â̫ˣǵһֻǰһ룬ٴһʱȻΪâǰ£ͻͻغ¡
󷽰Ҷһֱûգ۾۾Ÿɱ벻;ĩ·ߣû񼣣Ҳֲ˹
ԷߣȻɱҲøֶΣħЦ
̣
˻𹥻£Ҳ߶ͨ
ӡ֮ٴλΪ壬⹥ͻȻ䣬߹ϷһԲâͻȻ
̣ɶߣ
â֮УͻȻ𺳵һ
ϷԲâͻȻһ߻ΪȼյâеԲâ
̣Ƿǳֻ֮군ˣֻǵõ񼣣ЧҪȱ񼣺úܶɣ񼣿ɱȱ񼣹̫࣡
һƬ֮УݷĻ̫ʼȻЦſࡣ
۰µƣֶҲڼϹŶǰӵ񼣣ҲöԸʵҲˣǿ͵ϮҪɱģȻ˾ˣҪҵ⣬Һαȥյõ񼣣б񼣵ҶȵĹ񼣡ħ񼣣ҲĿ⣡
˻һ̫ʼͶء
˭õǿ
ˣͺܴѡʺԼģõҪ
̣֣֮
壬˲ںϣ֮У˫ͫȼյ
ͻͻͻ
Բâڸֳԭһɾ޴İɫ̣֮Уİɫͬʱĳһơ
ײһ𣬿ռʱ𣬾ϷѹռԨ۾ҲһѪ
ɼߣϹŶǿ໥ƣﵽôֲĸ߶ȡ
ôʧܣ
֮Уһж
еߣʧȥԭеâҲһѪģ
Ϸ̼ѹʧ̴ױȵƣҪѹ
񼣱Դ
գûֶΣֻ񼣡
ʼȼձ߶ڵ񼣡
ɽ֮ѹԨ۾߱ػᵽҪ߶񼣣ѾԼӵ£־
ߵȻȼյâٴ߱ҫ۵â
ϧһ̣ϣǿһץ̷ת߷ѹϡ
ಣֶ߸
˴â״̬˫ۣ鶼˺ˣ޷ŵţ½һ֣͵һȻһ˲䱬ըΪѪĭ
һԶŴ񣬾ԼϾš
ˣ
ػʼ赲ʥΧɱߣ֪߱նɱæƬѪ
ʼ񼣵ػߣ֪־Ǵ߰ɣӭһλµףһλָͷ
ʥӡ

ϿյԨ۾Ҳͬӡ
ˣµѪ֮УһɽǷŭʼâʧεػΪһâɽ֮С
񼣣λ
ָһɽ񼣣ԶĴԼľһ̣ܵѹǱϹŶͷŵ־ƣں־֮С
ʣϹŶֶξǸ
ʱ˿̣̫ʼֶ
ҶҲ֮Ĵ½׷׷ΪϹŶкóޡ
Ī죬ǿ־嵽˼£߾ôˣǰһϵԶŴܰ
ϲñ̫ʼףء
䲻Ǳɱȴڱļı֮УҲǱɱ
ͻЦЦ·뵽һ뵽ڷе֡
һ̣ڴñ
Ī죬ߵĽ֣㿴УԺʵʵӱɣĪ췢һ
Īĸ˵һ֣Ѵľ


2441 ʮ·
֮κƿϢ׷ʧĿռԨ۾֮䣬գۼϣָ糣״̬
ʥЦ棬๼ֻǺôҲһϹŶϧղԼĵģ
ǵζԸʣµ棡Ԩ۾Ҳա
ࡢ̫ʼҲҶơ
͵ϮһѾãϹŶǱ֮ԼǸԶԸ
ҲǸô׶Ը֡
ʥһͬ˼ƬȻ⣺Ȼ޷͵ϮֻΪǿȴӻԪħ֣ʵһЩԸˣٶԸ֮
ǿ
Ԩ۾ͷð취ð취ھҪ뱱ֵ֮Ļ֮ҵøܴۣնɱϹŶֶԸĸ棬׵Ķ࣬ٺԸѲ֣
ͬ
һʾ
̫ʼҲͷҶȻҲû
ʱ߶һââ֮Уɳһӡ߹ȻҲռԪƬ
ԭûΪҶѰҴԪôߴҵƬ½Ҷȡ
ҶȿƺȤڣʵȲڰиӦӡʮԪƬֱĪ
ϹŶϹŶռı޷ȵġ
Ī죬ȥӪ
ǣ
һȳ⣬Īʵʵż֣ƿնȥ
ʱ
ѾҶ൱ڵɽ磬һƬʱա
޽֮֮УƯһâɽ
ͨӦ֮֮еļ֣ѾӦ֮ԪħϢ
ӦһԨ۾˾һ𣺡Ƭʱûжٵǿߣ֣ٵò棡
׵ƺڳﱸϴιħشǣ²ս֣ӶҲɽ磬ص֮ϣҲ뵽ʱ򣬻Ը
Ī죡
ʥĿĪϣ滹֪߳⣬ǵ㣬취ԸĴ棡
ҶȺʵĪʥ˼ǡĪ֮Ȼٶ֣
˼ʥ΢Ц
Ļֻͨпñ֮뿪ǱΪ飬Ҫ뿪֮ػ뿪Ҳ˵
鲻
ְĿǰɽʱգȻĪ죺ȥ֮˵սͷϣתǶˣҲȥս
ǣĪ칪Ҳ֮
Ǽڰеȴһᡭ
˿ʼԶ󣬿ɲ뱻ӦǵϢ
ʱ˿̣ɽ·ĵԴԴϣ̫࣬޷
Χ֮Ѿսٴΰսڷ֮⣬һЩӡϿնս
ڴʱӹĴδһʱͶս
ֻڹΧķս֮УƯʮÿһвͬı־Ҳдħﶯ
ɽĵԴԴһǰ
ÿһ֮ϣһףԼԭۡۡס׵ȵȾͷ֮ϣԸƿصĴϵط
ˣʮλ׳ϵÿһλ¼ǧϵĴаʿԼħ
ԶڤԱһλǿߡ
ˣ
ڤ΢΢ﶯ䣬ǰһͼĹڡħš񶴡â½ʥ½̫šɽڡн񹬡ѩɽͨ;Уֲٸǿ֮С
ˣЩ֮Уд󲿷ֶѳвѱնɱЩʣѲǿ󣡡
СЩױȻ´׼ֹҵ
ڤһ˿˵ʼоͼÿһ˶ԣȻʼһƬƬ滮Ϊڻ޷Ԥϵҵͻ֮ƣɳʮ·緢͵Ϯǵĺûᣡ
֮ʮ˵ɣÿһ֮УϸĽ·ߡ
һʮ׵ӰڤǰڤѷʮףѰλ׽·ߣںϷ֮УνĿĵ磡
ǰǲҪԸ𣿡һʵ
ҵϹŶԶ֣ǸӶʱɣȻҲҪ⣬Щ׼ֹǣ
ڤ˵ȫһ׵ļƣЩӵдԴǻҪӹ̵ҪԴ硢ɽ硢ԴͨͨǶԿƽٵʱʱǲõȥԿƽ٣
ǣ˷׷׹
֮κѣҪԼȥҪ죬ܷɢֻҪǴ죬ҲΪ߽ѹȥ׼
ڤ˵һ仰һӰʧ
ˣ
һâִڤʧ
ǰʮ·ڼĵһһƿ֮С
֮һϢ·ԭǵϹŶһλ·մɽϽ֣Īⷢ
λϹŶһѪҲûУɰͰ͵ģˡ
˿ڵϹŶ̫ڤǿߣڤ
ʩ֣ս֮ʱģǵϽʱһδ𣿡
δ֮£
ڤ˲üü֮еĺ⣬ֱӰѻ⣬ľʵĪǡնɱʥڤۣ
ڤЦǴ£ʥڤ̫ΪǣҵȿһϽ磬Ը磬أ
˲ʶʱ񣬾Ȼվһ𣬴˵ȷǺǾǵĵˣ
Բ£
ǿ飬صɱʥڤ۲Ǹõʱ𣿡
Ȳʱ
ڤҡҡͷ뵣ģǸڤˣβ㹥磬ڤ˵ǿĿãһ֮ʲô޷֪ڤСѾͷ᲻뿪ʱǵĺ·
Բɣڤֱڤ˿ǰ֮ȶиǣڤǿǵ񼣣²̫ܣ
ȥǲܣǲòȥҲ˳ڤѾͷһ죬Ͳ̤ʵ
Ǵף
ףҵһַȥģ
ڤì֮УڤֻһֿǣҲԸߵһѾûѡɣֻԺ󲻻һ֣
ͺãڤˣֵҺϢϽ֮ʱʥڤͷ
һڤƿնȥ
ȷ̫ڤģҲΪѪԺĵڱУҲĲڤ
ڤڼƻһУģһжģ˭Ҫ


2442 սڤ
ٿٿ
ڤɱӹصɽֱ֮硣
ɽ絽ҲŰʱǾϹŶ
ʪĵϢռ֮УǷ磬Щʪķ泾ǵ
ڤ֮ϣʼӡһŻֳʥڤۣϴμ㼸⣬ȴҪڱϣ㵽ʱܲЦĳ
ಣ
ΪһĹ⣬ڤŻʧڷϿա
޵
Ƿ½֪Ӷ٣һž˵ȻѾ˺޵쵽ʮ˲Ե֮С
ʮ١
ǵһڵ֮УԺ޵Ϊ֣͸޵Ѿ֮Уȥ治֪Ǻεģ
ţϢǡڤ
֮С
һ˫ͫͻȻŷһ£зɳʮ˲֮ϣϹŶ֮һڤڤһǿ׳ĿǰӦڤ֮УΪͻȻ½磿
Щ˲Ŀģǲ֡
·Ԥ֪ʲô߿շȥʱƣʮ˲
񹬡
ʥΧͱһƣڴУڤ΢˫ۣüȻһڤͻȻ֣Ŀģ
Ҳˣ
Ϊһڹ⣬ƣڴ֮С
ڤʾ÷£δȫںϸµʮĸӦҴﵽǰĸ߶ȣڤոһҾͷˣ
ıС㣬Ǿ￴Ϸɣ󷽵Ц
ڤҲ΢ЦʵϹŶȫˣҲֲ˺ô
˵ֻоڤһ
ʮ˲
֮УʮӰƿնڴʱĻ֮УڤԦһƬ콵١
ݼˣʮ֣׷ڤ
ڤЦ·أ汾ȥ񹬣Ҫʥڤѹ
һλǿ쳣𺳣æʥڤۿ״˵ĸҪڵ񹬶Ը״˲ܲ£
ףǵ־ĴߣǸ°֣
ݲùܣǱκ¶ҵȸߣ
ڤٽô࣬һʮ˲طȥ
һ˾ͼǴǳĵ񹬡
˾ڤÿֶӿ죬ʥأûзּҲ̤
ಣ
ոǰΧص֮Уʱɳʮ֣ڣû׷ּκ˲ÿ񹬣
ǳǹۣǶʶ
ڤŭֱð
㿴˰ɣһҲʼҷͣ˵»Ҫҧˡ
ˣһһȺ蹷
֮УڤڿžڤﵱշݣʵǺٻˡ
УȷһȺ蹷
һʿ治ɫĵǾڤˣСǺβʶ񹬣ϹŶû׷ּҲܿ
ڤͻȻʥڤۿ֮У
ڣʿʵ
ھͺãڵĻҲһֻϷϻʱ䣬ڤɱƣһӿĿռ֮ʮʿ
ˣ
Ȼʿ֣Χʮ֣Ķľս
ʲô£ӡ
ʱŭʨڤĻýȥκλ
Щû취ֻܽӡڤͻȻһָһĻͻȻӵ񹬽٣γ״̬ÿһ󷨵Ľ䣬ȼܻ棬ڤճХᣡ
Ǵգۼ䣬Ͱѵ񹬸ѹ񹬵󷨣ҲоڤԶԣκѡ
ڤΣ
֮зɳƽڲС죬һֺ޲ðѾڤһȥζ
һѾͷ˵ķݣ
ڤֿʮ֣ѹΧռ䣬и֣Լ󲿷ֶ˳ҵȣҲиֻɱҪ˭ɱ٣
ڸĸҷϹŶ
һӣڤ췴񹬣ף
ڤһ񹬣˵Ĳ췴ģСѾͷ֨֨ģСı
ߣ췴
ವһӡ֮ɳڤĴ󣬽ֹ޷뿪
ڤ׽ǰʱǰ
Щʿҳϵĵ֣Զػ񹬣ʵҲǿޱȣףڵж֡
֮࣬ǾڤҲҪ£ܿЩ֡
ڤ˿壬ɫǶܵһЩӰ죺Ǻǣãã׼̫ǿ󣬶ϹŶ׼
ɱڵնɱ񹬵棡

ʿɳ֪ԵǾڤûһе֮ɫ¸ҵسڤ
Ԫת
ڤһץü֮УӿһӲӵ
֮УԿڤڤ׵Ӱԭ׺ҪԸʿ
᲻ɱǣȽǣȶȡȨǽ񹬵ʿѹڤͻȻ׳
ڸ߿ҡҡҷҷ£ϹŶӰȻʼӡ
ƣ
һͻȻ
Ȼֲ֮ǰһֻ֣ݺݵץ֮ϡ
䡭
ըˣ
ڴץ֮£˿ֲĴըԼǴֶըѪģΧռȫΪƬǴֵˣһ֮ϹŶҪܶĿ
ʥڤۣ̫Ϊˣ
ڤɭɭЦһոճΪ׵ܿǵαµҪնɱ㣡
ǵȷ
ը֮Уֶը˺֮˺۶òұۣѾѪģѪ֮ͬѪڷڡ
״̬֮£Ҳ侲ըƺӰҲܾˣʿ룡
ʿ׷ײǰصΧ
ڤ·̰Цʥڤۣʵ벻ֲøԣѾ;ĩ·ѵ뷴
ΪҲǵҪɱңʵʲô
ǵˣϣڻѡ񣬹ҷӪ㻹Ǹ߸ϵףһ̣һʬ壡
𣿾ڤǱԼ̫£Ϊ֮УϹŶܣ
ѪұۣȻһҲںȼս⣺ҾҪ˫۾עĿ֮£ѹõģ
ԲѣȻͱҲ
ڤ벻£а塣
ﶯұۣױȵƱһץһɻֱӰռһα˺ѡ
ǾϹŶ
̫ź򣬱޽
һΪģռ˲⣬ٶȿ޷ݣΧ֮ռ˺֮ʣΧ׿ռΪһŹϵı顣

ڤͷŵʼ˺ѡռ䣬ϧǺʵڼ̣ȻסڤĹ
еʵ
ƾڤƽѾˣȻֵܵһ֮£ٴץ֮


2443 
֮ڤռ䣬Ϊ֮ڷǰΧըпռ䡣
Եú򾲣ڤ
ϹŶʵ޷󣬲׷̫ڤĴڡ
Сӣ㻹̫ˣЩϹŶͨɱߵ죬أ־ʲô
ڤɱϢᡣ
ҳϣģҵȷ֪ģδҲ֪ùٶȣԼԦռͨδδӾڤ֮£Σʱв
С㣬ڤ̫ɶˣ
֮С
ѻصڤɱʲôʱ˸ڵΡ
ڤ游һɣӵеʸ񣬵֮ܵӦеĳͷڤȻ˵
ߣʥڤҲǵģôǿΪʲôһаǾڤˣǫã
ʵڤͬһ߶ȣΨд߶ſһ֮ڣѹڤıһ;ǿԼ˫ֵģûҪʱ̣ǲʩչ
ԭˡ
һԹ
䣡
ǰƬ߿ͬʱը
ڵ񹬴ǳϿգٵǿⳡ֣ڤֶΣЩֻܳ䵱Թߡ
ȻѲýնɱȥ˿Ц
ڤҲδ˵ԼȲˣΪ뱬ըռ֮С

ʱ䣬ӭڤľһȭͷ
ڤӦҲѸ٣ֻȻ㵣벻³ͼƴ
ȭͷȭͷײ֮ըռ仯ΪһƬУĿ֮УֻƯڻ֮еľӰ
ָ
ڤһͨԼٶȣԼ£Ͷɱ⣬˫һᣬ۵һ
һָӡͬӥצٲ֮ƣϯ
ڷûʩչͨ·κΪãȻȭ˫趯ƹ֮ͻɽ
žžž
ָӡȭͷҶΧռһδ˺ѣ·˽˵ռ䣬κʶ˺ѡ
ڸ߿ղϽ֣ϢٻغӲӲʵʵ
֮󣬹עⳡɱǿߣ̾Ϣʥڤ۵ǿڤִﵽ̶ֳȣʵЩס
ڤʵǿƾʱκβңô߶ֶΣҿҪĿԴ
ȼ˶־Ҳǰ٣ڤǿߣǴﵽָ߶ȡ
Ҳȥ
ڤƣҧͻȻӡǰռ˲ŤȻƷڶȻΪһʮɸߵսʿ
ͨҪܲκң
սʿɱҲһͨǾڤɱﵡ
ʱ䣬ʮսʿѾѷΧ
ޱߣ
ȻûнӡֻһΧȻһƬڰ档
սʿɱڤʧɫʥڤΪƵ־ܣЩϹŶڲӡ£Ԧ˾־
ڤʵĺǿ󣬲֮У޷֮ϣھ㿴ҵʱ
ָһΧȼյĵٴαۻǡ
ΪЩսʿ֮УȻ󣬲ηԼ־κʶҪ
Щ֮һڴսʿΧȻͬʱȼ𣬾ΪһΣÿһսʿ֮Уʼܵȼա
սʿסƶڱգҪΪʱʱ̶̿ȼգսʿͨɣҲֲ˶á
֣֮
㳡Ǿڤ֮ǰ޷ԤϵһĻڲףֻǿܽʥڤնɱ
ԡ
˫ֳһԽӲӵȭס
˵ȭף˵һ˫֣պھڤ˫֮ϣ˫ֲͷŽ⣬Ҳצ
ҪСģǾڤı֣֮صľ֮磬֮ɣþ֮࣡
ڤϯԶŴսԼսڤ˫֣֮ݺ磬նɱľͷ߶֣֮˵Ѿͷȫ׼
û¡
ָһЩͻȻһѹЩսʿѹ÷׷顣
ڴʱɢڷǰһľڤɱû˿顣
ڤϧϹŶҪڤͬۡ챾Ҫףͽ棡
֮ǰͻȻӡѵõһνӡٴοʱȻʮ˲磬ÿһ𣺡ڤô񹬣ףﵱʵΪ棬ڤʮ˵׺ıףײòĩսǵ־κߣҪܵþ
Ц㵱Լףڤޱ䳰
ʥڤ˵Ĳ
ڤϵϯĻڤƻʮλף߻ĩսƽټ٣Žһ£֮ƽ٣ЩΪһ˽սֻеһӣӴʱ˿̿ʼҪϵλƿص־ʥڤۣ㵱ʮ˲ֵ۾ͷڤͷ­Զڵ񹬣
Σʵ˭ֻվǱߣ챾ʥڤԼ׵ģߣ
ڤ¶⣬ײеؿƾ֣֮΢΢ﶯռ侹Ȼֵ֮ƣơ
Ǻεȵ
ڤͷҪˣ
мЦЦʱƿʼȼ𡢵־Ȼᡣ
ɣ
ڤͻȻۣƾֻ֣֮зԴ
ֻռͻȻžڤ٣ͻȻͷŵƣи֡
ƣͰѵռп
ٿ
ʯ䣬ͷľ֣֮ѾץԴ
Ϊ֮ȭ
һȭɱǾֵ֮ײһ
䣡
÷һĻʱ
Ǿֻ֮ȭͷʵո෴ȭͷѾֻ֮飬Ǿڤұۡ
һ˺ְ֮Ѿڤò㱬ը
ǲľ֣֮Ƭһڿ飬ڤһѪ޷ŵ̾㲻ʵдڤ
ʧƽڤǰ֪ʲôʱѾץסڤԴҵʵ˵㣬ڤǰҲֻķݣΪףǾͿԲٿصȨΪ̫ڤĵΪΪĿƣ
ֻ
ǰǵȷΪһУõһеʱʵǹͰˣʲôʱҲ׵ƿأͷ­Զ֮ϣҵ־޷
˵ָ֮ӿһƬâ
ۣ
һץѾڤͷ­ժճХΥ־׵³
ɱĺã߳񹬣֡
һϷָһһյļ̨ˣ̨֮һһ
ڤͷ­һ񶤣Ϸ
ʱ˿̣ڤ˫ͫȻڲڳޱߵʹࡣ


2444 Χɱ
ھڤʬ壬Ѿ֮Уʬ壬дôġ
ǽ񹬵˲飬¶Ƕʮɾڤǿߣȸڤ棬Ҫͷǣвþ
ף񹬣Ըþ
һع¡
ǲܻȥΨһѡѡ񣬾ڤȥ˲˽ᡣ
Ƿ׷ױԪ񣬳Ϊһ߾ʬ塣
ӿʿʼ޲Χռ󷨡
ĲڤЩ棬͸õõӦеĳͷ
ڤѾ¶΢Ц޲ڡ
ʩȡҪػС㣬Ҷ˵κвСˣ˭õڤ³Ҳϧ˵ͷ­
С㣬Ѿõľͷһӣ
ȥϢԺ鶼ڤס
һʧʮ˲
޵
ڰ֮УȻһ𣬷֮߳һâ
ʮ֮£ٵϣһôոҵǲһ׵
ţҪɱڤٲɣ
֪ʲôͨҸһڤʬ壡
ԭȡ߾ڤʬ壬ԼУ͸ʮ١
ڤʬ֣پ룬֮С
ʲôʲôҵ
ϷǱ֮ϵͷͫ׿ʼŴ󣬿Ǿڤ꣬ӦԼɵʹࡣ
ʲôĸо
ɽ磡
֮УӰ
ֵƬɽ󲿷ֵǿߡʱˣ
⼸ӰԨ۾ʥĪ졢ࡢ̫ʼҶơ
Ԩ۾˫ۣ˵ո̫ϢʮΪͳ˧ֱʮ˲ľǿֳʮ·ڽ磬սѾϯ磬ǵʱ䲻ˣϿնɱ棬ϻش
Ī죬˰ɣ㰴ǵļƻȥɣĮȻĪȵ߹ǰƬͷâɽʱա
벻Ī죬ף˾أ
ɽ֮⣬Ī޷أ飬ӡ֮硣
󷨣һǰʥͼ֮Ϸ߸ոմҲϹȥ
֮һͼдƣҪĳ
Ī죬ֱĪ˵֮󣬲ŰĿĪϣĪֿ֣˵ԭ򣿡
ûУֻǾϹȥĪȻĻش
𣿡
֮üͷ˼һǵ鷳ˣЩˣʲô⣬ʲôıҪ
ĪҲװһŭǲôɽ֮ڵǣԲԵ飬ڣģ
ֱȭ¾ȥ˳˺úģ
˳˵ʱҪ磬Ҷע
֮δĪ죬һ䣬Ī뿪
Ī뿪֮һֱڸӦһһһƬǳռ䡣
ĪɹˣǾ͵ű֮뿪˵أ
ʱ֮⣬У뼸ֲǰ
ĪһźӣףΪĽ´ͣ󣬶ǳмӡ
֮ͻȻǰһɫסȻһͬʱա
Ϊ֮ǰһ̷Ƭʱգʣ¾ǻԪħ档
ٿһӵϹŶףһףҪԸѾǺ׵顣
Ψһ⣬Ҫֹ˴߶񼣡
񼣴߶ĻĪ죬ǰ˴ҲöԸҪǰ˲ƻ񼣣Ӳ񼣵
һ˾ʱ֮⡣
ʥԼԨ۾֣ǵ취ͷ񼣣Ǵ߶񼣣𣡡
ֻһ־Ƭʱգ־ѹϢֻټĿռ䣬Ҫѹ񼣣µһͬʩչ󷨣׵
Ԩ۾Ŀ¶ᶨ⣺Ѿûѡ񣬸κδۣҲҪ񼣣
û⣡
Ҷȵ˲
ʥĿҶϣ쳣ص˵ʩչ־־󣬿ƬռΪڶԸ棬Ҫˣ
ȫԸ
ҼӦ
󣡡
ϹŶͻȻηɳʱγΣƬɽʱհΧҿʼӶ˫ֽӡ
ࡢ̫ʼҶҲʼӡ׵ĽӡʽһٶҲһģһ
žʱտȥδκŤϵǳȻøһЩǹ⿪ʼ֯һ𣬺ָֻܿ糣
֮
СģȻ޷߶񼣣ȻԴ߶ػߣԼӵо˵ķ֮У˶ʣ
ɣԨ۾˴ޱȣǡߡǡߡǵʵ쳣ǿ󣬶ԪħҲ򵥣ԪԶžתħҲǵõԶħУ
ߡߣ
ҶͻȻ뷨ƿزʣûҪںϸʣҽǧ֮еĴ󲿷֣ΪʡǻǺεһĻ
ԭ뷨һںʣһ˶Ϊʡ
һ뷨
ۿƽپҪ٣֮вȥʵҲ޷ﵽ£ӵʾͲһˣʵֹᷭ
ʵһֱҶȶ취ǵʵй죬ʵѾˣ̶ֳȣ޵ʱ֮УǿͨУΪǿߡ
ƽ˵ʲôʱή٣ʱǿ
ֻ취Ǳǿʾһ취
뵽ѾʼʱգҶഫף׸ԸǶԸԪħΣ
룬ӦĪǱڰķ֧ԮǶԸǾͶԸԪħ
û⣡˵һ¡
ʱ˽ʱ֮С
һʱս磬ڲʱУԸܵУԼϢЩǰ棬
٣ҲнӽˣҶԪʼΪϵĴڡ
ʮϢʼΪޣһƬʱգʱ֮Ưһɽ
ɽ֮ϣĪԪħһ𣬿ƷζƣǺ¡
𣿡
Ī¥һǣһͻȻ䣬Ŀ⿪ʼסǰ滹֪ʲô¡
Īһɣʱ뿪¥
һȸȻҲҪǣ
ɽϿգƯķ̫ʼһۺҶȡƵͷ
ʱ˿̣˶û뵽ǻһ죬ֺ
컯ŪˣǶ֣ߵһ
ᣡ
ʱ䣬˰֮ͬʱɽһơ
¡
ɽ̼䷢ըķѡ


2445 ȡߡ
֮ȫԳ
Ƿߡ
ɽը֮󣬾ҲǾޱȣҶ໹һۣԼ뵽ȻһĻ
ǳ̫ʼԩͷҲе㲻Լ۾
ȿȣ
˭͵Ϯ
ɽΪƬУ뱬ըģӿǱӰ
ԪħĴףֻں޷֮£ࡢҶֻУ֪
˻벻֮ڶǳ֣һԵŭɶ
Ī죬Īӳǣ
ɢĴ׸ƣͻȻǰһӰǱ񼣵ףĪ졣
ӣ̫˰ɣǲҲǱԼҳǣʲôʸңĪ䷴
˵ĺã˵ĺã
ƿնһһǰ
Ϣǡ
ƺ˽ࡢҶˣһоİ뾪㵣ǺܿϸӦϤϢ
־ס
˵ǰİףǸոս֮
ѹŭ𣬷·˵ʲôֿĪ죺ѾػشӪ
ĪӦΣǽܽܰɣλסֻסԼף
⡭
ס
ֻס
ס
ס
Ԫħ඼챬ըվǰףȻ˵֮е񼣴ڣһһ
ˣ
ô£뿪죬﷢˺£
һԶ񼣣ôͻأĸգ񼣻ֻ񼣣Ҫ񼣶ˡ
񼣣ĹܵĤݣΪ飬벻Ȼš
ʱ䣬ףΪθոսףԸǣԭдͷĴڡ
ߣʲôͷˣͳͳɱˣͬɱţǰ򵥣һӣڨڨЦ
ħףħ
ħݣס󲿷ݣһЩƤϿԼʴ˰̡
Ķң
̫ʼһֱħս顣
ֻףŽ׶ꣿ֪ħʱΪһƬħƣо˵Ķƿռ䣬Ƭѹȶȥ
ͨԸ쵴ޱߣ
ߵһĳֻߵͨչֳ
ħĺƿռ䣬оʲô赲޷ǰһ
ԪĶңף
Ҳա
Ԫһ׳˶壬ͺͺԴϣŷ̼ͳһ׶೤̷
ͻͻͻ
仯֮Ԫͷ͵ײ࣬Ҳ벻Էʩչֹһʱռ䣬Ԫײ顣
ĶǱ
ҶһͬɳһָĿ
ߣʵһ֣ʵ֪жǿᣬﵽز
ףǰ״ޱȣһߣʲôʸ˲񣿡
߳Ȼִ˺ѷâȻһգռ䶼˺״̬

գۼ䣬ڳƷɳһξ룬Ȼƾһڳʵ֪жǿͬһƺȥΧռ顣
ף
գֻʣ»
ҶȿΪ֮Ϊ̫ű񼣵ߡ
̫ŲһΪմϹϵԭһ֮
Ҳһʣߡ
һСӣ˲õ񼣣ȴҪҪ뾡취õ񼣵ĴУһҲҶȵһһ֡
ɣ
ҶȴݵЦѾ߶ߣʱʱ̿׼֡
߳
һ׹⣬ӻ屬
ȻΪһ׹⣬նΧָ׹⣬ʱϹܲɽ֮ơ
޽
Ҷһ׹⣬ݣ׹ⷢײ
벻˶
ʱ֮⣬Ԩ۾ʥʱ׼֣ǰڲɱࡢҶ޲ڡ
ǹףǿûУûд߶֮˵̫⣬ڵƣһɳԽռĴӵмԦռ
ȷ͸ǰ˫ͷħֽ֣ܴԣħش
·ĸ棬κһ˶޷漣ɣ
õ֮񴫳еˣȻڲͬĿԴ
ϹŶοϵľʯҲʧΪ˵ġ
䣡
룬Щʱղ飬׽ֵԺɨƬʱеʡ
ͬʱ󣬷׷׷쳣Ӳ֮ͬзɳвǿ߼ЧҵǿߣɱȥæǸ޷Ƭռ䣬·֮ڷֻԶۡ
Щ˲򵥣߶񼣣ǣ
̶̰칦򣬷·ԪħоҶȡ˵ľʵ
ߺһǿʼӡֱӿһâ
â֮УȻһ֮еľͷ
ǿɶǴﵽ漫µĴڣʵ֮ڶ࣬һһٶˡ
ÿһǵκεطǿһľߡ
֪ǻһ֣Ī졭
̫ʼҶȡħΧסĴ棬ͻȻɱһٶͷɫЩÿ
ҪԸôˣ̫ˣ˵޷ѹס
ħ
ͻȻһɹϺ

еʶʼ
ռ룬򣡡
Ī֮ǰһߴιȻһľˡ
ԭǱ񼣵ػߣħ
ʧɫ֮ãħЩ֣Ƭռ䣡
óѣеĵưÿһĲףħɲӦ˼æӡ
ǲæˣɽ磬磬ħɣ
Ԩ۾µͻȻ
һԨ۾Ȼ½ˣֲܸоЩԾĵطˣƻռ䣡
ħѾһٶǿ߿ռ䣬úƿ֮ڿռиһӣһƬռߡ
ĴײͬⰡֹ
ϧǲŷ֣ռ֮ǵ־Լ޷͸ռ֮С
Щˣ֪ô񼣣ѹ
ħԨ۾ڿ԰һٶǿڵĿռ䣬Щǿ߷׷淴ǾϹŶԼػߵĶ֣
ΪҪһ㣬Ƭɽ磬ѱһƿء
֮𣡡
ȳ֣Ĵֹħ
ϯĻ
ߣѾ߶ҶȸоôϤϧѱںϡ
̫ʼҲʱ֣Ĵֵ飺ҵֻأ޷ƣ޷ͨ
ֻЩȻĴס
񼣵ףԪŭأٻ񼣣ƴˣ޻أ
ã
׵ͬ⡣
񼣣
񼣣
ħ񼣣
񼣣
һͬӡٻĴ񼣳
ˣ
˿ʼٻ񼣣岪ҫâʥޱȣЩʥâڲоʲôҪ죬ƼŶ


2446 â
ܸٻ񼣣ϹŶѹռ䣬һͷŴͨʯ׷ɣ

ֻҪռͿԻΪʺͣγ䡣
ԼƬԼɽʣ׷״ңԶվ£˲ϢͻΪļʯȥ
ֻ쵴籩ٰɣ
̫ʼҲӡŴʯֻƱĺȻһָ˫һᣬһз籩㳤籩ʯںϣγɿµʯ籩籩֮пռڴʱ˿̶
ˣ
ԪħȻٻ񼣣Ƿ֣̫ʼӰǣռ֮Уһ־·Ϣǿռ־
ħɨΧɶ񰡣ԾԨ۾Ȼɽ籾ԴһˣԽռ䣡
ȵһˣȻϹŶλǿ׼ȥ뽫ǰЩ鷳ٴƿռٻ񼣣½磬Ȼûа񼣴ûǲҪǣ
ħڣ
취ƺٻ񼣣ִ߶ƶԿ̫ʼĹڴ˿̣һħӰ죬ȻֱӴӷ籩֮УҧĴס
Сģ׵ͨڹż֮ϼһʡħħӰ죬ŵòᰡ
ͷŵףΪ֮ˣػߣͨȻֲ
񼣵ףԪõħѣֹͣӡ֮ٿȻһѪ飺Ԫ飡
ĳԪ飿
֮ϣϹŶڴҶȡࡢ̫ʼưһһɱڿס

ԪԪͻȻѪ⣬ͷŵħӰײһѪ˲ħӰ˺顣
޽򣡡
ڷ籩֮еҶȣҲڴʱռϵͨ
ֹΪµģ޷
žžž
ȻնΪڿռ䣬׷顣
ίʵٴشĴס
ȻⲻҶһʵ£ࡢ̫ʼͷŵͨϣϢ淢
ƵȫԸ벻
޽̫ٴμأɨΧ籩Ȼһץ콣
ˣгһâ֮ԱֳһӰоһƬ磬𽥻Ϊһˡ
콣Ŀػߣħˣ
ҶȵԺ̸
̫죡
ҲһʮɸߵĴ죬ˣҲһһ̬Ĺˡ
ħ
ħҲץһɫħһĵĺӰԱߡ
ԪʩչԪ飬ȻֻβͣһӰоϡ
ٴζǰֵػԼ񼣷ӵ콣ػΪħˣֳ̫죬ػΪͨħеħΪħػߺųǵزԪػԶ࣬β
ƣ
ħֳַħͻȻһ𣬴Ƿħ֮һħ⣬ΧռԼ籩ʯ׷ʧȥٿһ顣
ÿµ
һʱ֮УҶȡ棬ȫ֮ǰһ֮ǰʵ붯ģڱƵһֻ޾ɱ⡣
Ĺˣߺһһߣӵͷ­Ĺ˳ֶ
ֻ̫ʼҲһߡ
ͯӣԱһλͯӡ
սҶȽӡֻԶϵǿߣȻƿն֣İս
֮ػߡ
ս֮ǱͯӡֻĹĿһɨһػߣħˡͨβزˣѵҲ־ԸΪ
ֻ񼣵ػߣ־Уսûа취ѡ񣡡Ի񼣵ػߣͨΪε̾
Ҷѣ
ͯҲ˵ˣ񼣿ƽⴴµԣҲϣᷲǱ־֮İɣȽЩ棬ǻعλģ
ʲôǶԸЩػߣȻһŭ֪ǰ񼣵ػжֲ
ûмһĻˣ
߿֮ϡ
Ԩ۾ʥһĻѣػߣǰսֻͯĹˡǶب´ڵػߣҲĻߣ
ǽֻпһأʸΪף
ЦҶħ
Ȼʱֻ֣ܴһѹء
ಣ
ħˡͨβز׿£˹
սͯӡֻĹҲҶ´﷨֮ƿնȥɲǼػɱһ
ֻƬɽʱգ׿ʼ飬ػߵʵÿһ֮࣬ǿƬɽ翴Ҫ鰡
Ҳˣ׼棬ֻ·һˣɳɣ
ռ½Ľֵܵػֵ߽Լ
Ǵʱǰ·ţǰ׵ս޷ռ䱻׿ƣ޷뿪ռ䡣
ȥֻ·һ䵱ڻҡ
ʱշһϳХ
ৣ
ܿдʱ֮⣬̫࣬Ļڵ
ʱħЦ˰ɣõʧ˱ǱΪ飬վҪģ
˭Ųʸ˵仰

ħԪԦԲ˼£ɱļΪˣհҪѹ
ֻ֮ؼˣ
̫ʼʱһƵģӭҡһᣬΧһŻһŻ

ŵ־
һӡŻٿȻʧƿն֣ȻϷ׹һаơ
ɶֻ֮ţΪ˿ֲ
Ȼ֮ΪײʮԪֻ֮ѾʧʮԪ֮ã֪֮еĹж
ƣ
˵Ӷļ
콣˺׹⣬ֻ֮š
ﶯ̫죬һɻϯĻ
Ԫ˫ִ߶Ԫ飬ѪȡӰʼζ
ħڸħľ棬֮У˸һơ
žžž
ֻ֮ļײһƬռ䵱飬˴Ҳˡ
찡׵
ɳѣڼʱ֮У֮Ϊըâɽ磬ʱ֮ڵһУˡ
ˡ
һ飬һ㲻ЩԵףڶɥ֮¡
籩֮
ҶȸֶԶĳħ𣺡˰ɣֻ̫֮ˣһԿļǻ̫ʼڵʵ


2447 ѪӢ
ôǰĶ֣Ը̫ʼа취ٺ٣
̫ʼ̫ˣ
Ҷƶ˿δġ
ɱ
һƾ̫ʼһħ֣յ·ԨǶħֵ
ħ
ֻ֮ļ⣬˫˭Ҳ޷κ˭ֻ֮ȻޱҲܽļѹ
ʱõ̫ʼѹˡ
ǵħҲ߶µķħΧħһɨһžžžرըǶħַ·һֿͨޱܡ
ףһ
ʸģ˭˭
̫ʼܿ񣬳ħţȻӵ˿ţֲѪҺ֮У޷ġ
һɹâĴ档
Ҷȥ࣬ȻעᷢһĻҲϣ֮˽Թʱ£Ҳһģ
˵ʵɽ㣬Ҵδ㵱ͷֻף벻Ķ֣㣡
Ц˫ͫâгһԽޣ
ȣ
ԭһޡ
ڲͬްѿʼֳԼʮɡͷйâı
Žľˮâ̫ˡ
Ԫ飬Ԫ
໽񼣵ԽޣڿԪԪԪҲҶൽ෢ץסԪɱ
žžž
һ˦Խ޾ԪײһâԪžž𵴣֮ϣԽҪʤһ
ս죡
ԪҲ࣬ٴδߴٿͨԪ֮У˳ˮĿƣԽҲʼˡ
Ҷȣ̫ʼ༱æҶȡ
˫㣡
˴ʱҶҲòʩչͨϾࡢ̫ʼʩչֶΡ
ٿٿ
̫ʼֻ֮ţ콣̫첻ڸ߿ײ̫ʼԽսԽ£ֻ֮ŶԿ̫ʼɶˡ
˫ͻȻΧֻϵͨ
䣡
˫ײҲ߶ͨѹ˫㣬Чˣٴ˫㶼飬ֵ鷢ˣ˫㾹Ȼٴ޷״顣
ͨȻֻ߽ϵͨҪѾںϽ
һǴ˫С
ǹ֮ôѲһ˫㣬޷䳹׻
ѹ
Ҷȵĳ֣̫ʼ˴æӡŻһؽһѹ콣̫֮ϡ
ͣ
ͬʱһѪ
ಣ
ֻ֮Ҳѹ콣̫죬С

ʱħֳַħԪԪæϣ벻һ½һĶ֡
Խޣ
ȻǲǴϢġ
ͬâĳޣצӣΪ״̬ͬʱĴ֡
žžž
æ̫죬ǳͻȻһ˰γɼޱȵķ
Խ棬̫âǻٴѪʵѾ
̣
棬Զ벻ˣһֱڰеȴᣬһΪǿ
̡
ٿ
ϷǳƵĺӰ֣ȻһҫɽʱյâųƺݺݺȥպûбԽޣ̫֮ϡ

һ֮оֻ̣һð˵̫âȫʧڲˣ׷Ѫ
̫ҲٰˣΪ״̬
Ǳ棬浣ĶԷʲôǾȻͬʱ߶â߶콣񽣣ʱΪһƬ˺֮⡣
ݣ
Ǻεͨ
ںϣֲ̫ˣ̫ˣǰδ
ࡢҶȡħ𡢻̫ʼ벻ǼǷΪģֱ콣
뽣˺֮⣬޷ܵٶȣһƬޱʱա
ͣ
գ۹ûҶ͵˺Ȼһ˺ѣڱѪ
һ˲䣬ˡ
ǴĿĵ˺ѪۣϵһǣΧʱҲȫΪ˺״̬
ԶֵİػߣҲܵӰ졣
ԭ츳Ҷ벻ˣ˵ǱӦᶼûС
񵤣ȻѪߡ콣ںϣںϣһǿ󣬷򡭡
Сģ
̫ʼͻȻס⡣
ΪħԪҲǻᣬˣٴһͬ߶µ콣ա
Ҫ߶ղǿֲĹ
̣
ֻ֮ţ
콣ʧ˲䣬̫ʼһͬ߶ǿ档
ͣ
˲䣬콣ˣ˺֮ٴգһٴѪ
¡
һ룬̵ֻ֮ĹҲڸոմ߷ͨϷ˷飬ҲĴס
һΣĴͬʱѪӿʧȻһҲ޷סֱѪ
Ұܣ
˫ˡѪĴۣ˵˴ˡ
ɱ
Խޣ
ֻ֮ţ죡
̣â޼
ȻʱΪ¯
ࡢ̫ʼҶȣͬʱ֣ɵĹҲԼץסʱٴ档
ħ
ʱĴ治ǰע콣֮Уǰħֳֵķħ֮ϡ
ˣ
һԲξķ˰
䣡
ࡢҶ˵ʱɷħͷŵĽϣ˫һ潻档
һΣڷһĴ棬Ӫƿʼʧħ߶ķԴݿ֮ƿʼ顣
䣡
֮ϯħԪ˳̶ȫҶˣǵˣеҲʧȥ˹
ףĹ־ΪԪ񹥻ں־ѹ־
˵108֮У󲿷ֶ񼣣֮Ƕţ񼣿Դɢޱߵĺڰ棡
ǰôһˣˣ
õѣҶȸֿЦݣӡ龻֣
ͻͻͻ
־ںϣռںϣںϣںϣԼԼںϣΪԹ֮ǿͨ龻֡
ڰǹ֮
ǹ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ҶϵۣΪϹۣ˫ָ߸ںһеĻ龻֣˲ѹĴڵʱ֮ϣ龻ֿʼٵת
֮䣬ԶںڰΪҪ֮񣿡
ĴطйţΪǷԼ꣬ԼƿȻ֮ʧ
䣡
֪ڴʱɽʱգϹŶɽ磬ǽһȻһ顣
ã֮ɱˣ
˷׷׿ǵĹâͬʱԨ۾̾ϢҲһɢ


2448 ͻ
λϹŶˣ
ڱ龻ְ־ѹԪĴ棬Ǳը⻪֮һòƣʼ
ܲˣ
ࡢ̫ʼƿնʱҶȳΪķΣڻ龻ΧҪҶһͬԸĴ֡
صԪ֮Ժǧٻ񼣣ףӵǵ񼣳ȥֹ֮ѹ̻֮ع磬Ҫնɱ֮ǲˣ
񼣣࣡
ԪħøַзȻץסᣬٻ񼣡
һûɱǣҶȵҲ߶񼣡
ףǵƣ߽ǵ־
ҶһҪԸˣ̫ˡ
ࡢ̫ʼƸûκѾɹʶҪ߽Ĵķ־
ǵ÷ƿƬռ䣬ǧٻ񼣣
Ԩ۾ٴζһ䡣
ֻƬɽǹ𽥵ʧΪǵɢȥ֮ϣӰѾΪǷҲӿӰ
֮ɱˡ
ϹŶԮʱսʧЩףܵãֻҪٻ񼣣һҪ
̾ϷĻ龻֣ʼζҶһࣺ̫ʼҪֻת֮
ô֪ҵ̫ʼһֹһ䣬ֶòó֣
వһ裺ʱˣȻҪһ֮ѵҲ뱳Զޱߵĺڰ֮У
ã
̫ʼõ𰸺Ҷףϴ߶ֻ֮ţֻһŻӿ֣Żһϵףϲѡ
̫ʼһţת磬ȡꡢѹԪ񣡡
ٿ
ϵŻ˫ͫУĺȻǰâ⡣
龻֣ת־޽磡
š
ֻ֮ͨʵֻߵҶںֻ߶꣬ȻӦһתѿ
ֻߣֱû̫ʼһǳƵĶ֡
תֻ֮֮ͷ£Ҷȴ߶龻֣ڤڤ֮жԪ־ѹȣ
֮ӡռ䣬ᣡӡҪҶȶԸ棬ֳĪ
ռ䶼Ϊʯһ½Ϊģ룬óѾʯӡ
ͷ⣬ɣ
ҲͷųĴͨ
ͨȻʩչǴδʩչľ
ۣƵüĳ˾Υۡ
ˡ
֮˳ʥ⣬Ѫɫģ龻ںϡ
ʱ˿̣λߣ½׶Ѵ߷ͨ
֪ǼһĵֻۣǴ񼣣ѹʱ͸ʩչķӡ
в
̫ʼֻߣҲ֪ζʲôʱͷŵĪ⣬ѿв͡

ΰҲ־
갡Ԫ񰡣˯ɣ
Ըܵͷ֮ģ
Ĵǿ£ħԪϷ־ڱ
־İ룬ֻת֮ɣ۵Уˣ޷ٻ񼣵ף޷֣ʼ߽⡢
ˣҶҲҴ⣬־ʼ룬ȻڱߡǻҪ֡
벻Ҳ군ˡ
ԶУĪػ߱ħѹһٶĴڵǿߡ
벻½ףͿԶԸѾãһڵס
磡

ʬѪأȥѾѪأһڴѪˮڣΧвٵǿߣڴӹ֮£մâѪ֮С
֣ոյ֮ɳһЩ֮ɽףϹȥնɱ½֮
ڤƯѪһ࣬ʮͷڵȴĺ
ͻȻһϹŶɫء
𣿡
ڤһĬƬ̵ȥӦðﰡǿɳ鲻ʱ䣬Ը֮ҪԸ֮ҲҪܴĴֽۣڹӦø˴𣿡
Щ֮½磬Ȼδ񼣣նɱõĻᣡϹŶٴѵ
Σǲ磬˵Ҳɽ硢֮ԼǱҪ㹻
ڤ̬Ⱥܼ
ˣ͵ûϹŶ޻˵ʩתȥ
ҵ֪ڤǷʥڤ۶֣ڤɫһ˭ҲϹŶʲô
ǰѪԿѾɥĲĵزȻ
Ԩ۾ʥ
ɽ硣
ɱӰǱ֮ǸոƬɽռ䣬ֶϹŶ
һϹŶһӪ־أ
˿ûһ˿ɫĮȻһͬػ죬һͬ־һ룬ǶĪ£棬Ҫڴˣɱ񼣣
ڴ죬ⷬһɵɽ磬ǲ֮ΪȻķж⡣
ѱǳͷնɱǾûܻãʥɭɭ
𣿡
⻰ã㡣
߿ϹŶʵǿޱȣȻնɱˣ
񼣣
񼣣
ͬʥⷬӼϹŶıɱ֮ġ
ǾȻ˲ӡڱʥ⣬ɲǼ䣬ǾͱʥΧ񼣽
񼣡񼣡
񼣾һ嫵ʥɽǿ񼣿һƬɽһЩԶС
񼣡
ٻˡ
һƬ綼ͬˡ
ɱɽգȼƬâеԴâۼȥ綼Լ籩
񼣴һУɽʱնΪ
֮Ưڱ֮УȻ£ƵЦʵӢۣλû񼣵ǣǰֺ
ǰﲻ磬Ǵ죬κһ޵еҲŲæ˵
ĴĽ
Ԩ۾ŭɶΪϹŶǾȻĽķٻ񼣡
֮֮ԱǵĺߵĽ磿˵ǴѾûйϵƬ磬ǻὨǵ磡
ǵðףԸ֮Լ
ɽ
ѹ档
ҶȼǷƣԼ̫ʼ
û⣬Ȼκò½磬ץסᣬκδۣҲҪ񼣴ȥ벻ʱ̣עش֡
Ȼˡ
䣬ҶȵϢˣޱȣȻӻ龻ڰĴĻ龻֡
ġ
ʱ˿̣ԭҶѾͷŸǿ
ġ
ؼ䣬ޱȵʣϵһֱű
ǵ־ΪͻȻģ
һ䣬龻ֵȻͬ
ħԪһ̣㷲


2449 зںϿߡѪ
׸ܵ˱仯ҶһͬĻ̫ʼŵഫҶƿ־ͻȻ
ܸоһ޷ζǹ񼣵ĴߣȻ벻ֶΣ
ȼհɣ
ǰʱ䣬ƿ񼣵һ̶ȣûжٲࡣ
Ҷױȵƣӵʣһ֣Ÿơ
ȼҶȻŻ龻һͬͱ龻֮пʼپΥ̫⡣
֮
̫⡭Ϊǿవһǻ龻̫ˣʱ˿̸԰κԪ־ѹ
̡
ħԪҲͷֶΣȼԷ龻ְ־ѹԪĪ
ϧ龻ѾҶʵ״̬ﵽϹŶʵĵزﲻչ֮ʮ֮һڵõࡢħ𡢻̫ʼͨӳ֣ѹ˵ףѾ㹻
־ΨҶ𣡡
龻ҶȽӡ֮󣬻Ϊĵ⻪ͻȻ
ɱ
ࡢ̫ʼףԪ־֮ʣץסΨһĻᣬ˻ƿռ䣬Ϊɺâס
͡
ѪӰΧĽ

Ѫ֮Уץסʬ壬ӵʵס
벻½С
װ
ԶĪѹһٶĴڵľͷ׷׹¡
䡣
Щ̵ǣЩ׻׳Ĳࡣ
ڵħԪʬ壬򱻻̫ʼĮȻġ
һɱİػߣҲֹͣɱ׷ʧǻع֮С
ĪǿߣԼʮʵôǿʵںˡ
գ˻棺Ȼش죿
໻һۣϻѪۣĿһһˣҪٶԸϹŶǲܵ£ұ֮ޱȣҪ񼣻ɽ磬̫ɱǶǲܵģ
ҲеͷϹʱǺܲǻص죬ָƣҰ񼣽Ϊã
̫ʼҲͬҶһᣬҲͬ⣬Ȼ֮Уƿշ硣
ڴ㡣
Ԫʼ񶼲⣬οף
ưжҶȣЦϴʬǾͲЩϼһ񼣳Ȼص֮УںΪ
ҶȻû½ҪĿģԪƬʣϧձ֮޷Ը
̣ȼյս桭
շգǰǴǷ滹ˮ򣬶Ϊ磬һЩ½ƬҲˮƯš
һ졣
õʮ·ڴ½֮·սδռ߿գԼ츽ʱգ׶ͨԼĸӦƿı仯
졣
ҶȰƼƻ;뿪Ī죬̫ʼƷռ䡣
ռ䡣
ʥɽ֮ϣһӰ񡢺Ԫۡ񡢷Ѫаĸ
һϹŶޱǿĴڣǹ˼ںϣκһ˴߶񼣣赲
Ī졭
ĴӰƿնϹŶһŭɶΪǼյͽĪ졣
ĪѾûصܺһϹŶ
ڵĵԸ׳񼣣Զ֮У
Ԫ۱֮ƣںȵ㻹֪ڸģΪǰ˱Ѵ죬ȱ⵽ƻô緢ս㿴磬սѾϯÿһ䣡
Ҳ´󹦣ĸĹǾ͸ᣬʱ룬ںϣԺ󰲾ģϷţÿ˶ٸᣡڿˡ
Īһ԰ף㱣ס׵λ
̫ʼʬ񼣣ڽ
ħԪʬ帡֣׺֮ģ˽³Ҳҵġ
ħ񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡úãӭǻؼңԶŴΧ񼣣ʱӡ
ಣ
һ
һϹŶӡ£֣еػ߻ħˡͨβزϹŶӡͷ֮ٴ־ںϡ
ػǣǵ־ԶŴ죬뿪ǵģҲԶڴ硣
ࡢ̫ʼһǶȥҲʩȥֻʣĪվţȴϹŶһš
죬֮С
ʹΧ磬ǹȾͬһ飬ǶС
֮С
ҶƯڲ¯֮⣬ΧԼ¯֮УеĽЩкֶܾۡ޵ˡ̫ϹŶѾ׷Ԫ֮ľ硣
ս̾ˣ½ΣգҺ°и½磬ЩʵʵԸ־ͷѶȣʱ˻񼣺úУ
Ԫռ࣬Ͳ֮ԼӵеƬʣµЩ֣ҲȻڰ£Ϊ촷ۣҴﵽԪ侳磬ȥС磬ܲ޲Ԫ
Ԫɲ޲񼣣ԳԽ񼣣޲ǲģȻռ񼣣翪ʼ޲Ԫ
ȻܡҲһԡڰںΪҪ
ҶȵҪһУһ߰ǧںʡ
ǿһ޷Ĵ󹤳̣֮£Ҳֻ
λͣϢ¯Ϊһ壬Ҫѿߡʣںڣ
֮Ҷͷ

ǧǿ߷׷̾ϢѵҶ־ͨͨһŵı飬ǾȻӵʣ
𺳵ǣһˣӵʣˣ

ʬƯڲ¯磬ǿߵ֪ʬףһľ
龻֣
ʼ׵ѪԼƿص־ͬʱҶҲչ񼣵ڻָţӵʮٵָٶҲǰǰ㾪ˡ
Ͼڴﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣټֱͺ̺
ʮꡢꡢǧꡭ겻ϵعȥǧǿڵȴţǷ־¯ںš
龻ֲϵ׵ʬ壬ʬ岻ϵʧΪѪѪâ
ʬһʧ׻ΪѪɫâⶼ׵ľ
ںϿʼǻӵеĿʣʿԽռ䡢ʡһΪ״̬Կռ־ƿأ󲿷󣡡
֮һ̣˶˫ۣ׷̧ͷ
Ǹ߿֮УֶҶȣľâǰʼٶȽӡ


2450 
Īķӡڻ龻£Իâ𽥰
ôӡҶɫҲֲ԰ס
״̬Ҫǧںʣһ޵ս
Լȥ
ӡٶֻľѪΪһƬâǹ⣬һƬ
ҶȶǺģڳÿһ󣬶ӵһοߵľѪڻһף԰ֳô࣬ʣܣںϰϰ֮漣
־ܣںϰɣ
һץǹ·ǧǿ߷ȥ
ҶҶԶҶࡢꡢٻ؜[ɲǼ䱻ǹΧ
ˡ
ǹں֮ÿ˵ơ嶼ʼϾ׵޷ںϡ
ǻԸóԼˣ
УҲֻˡٻԼҶ˼ǲܵġ
Ҫں׵־ܲסȻ޷ʹ࣬ڻ龻ֲͷޱߵ־Լѹں
־ʲô
ʱ˿̣ÿһǿԺ֮УһŹ۵Ҷȡ
־
ҶȵӰҲصУҲ־Ҷ־֮־
־ںϣȻ׵Ķ࣬Ҳʹࡣ
𽥰Լʼӡںڵ
Լʮȥ
ֻǰľͷǣֶۡ޵ˡ̫ۡ顢ˡʮȵѾһž޲ƣһںϻ
ЩǿߣҲһһþֹˮ
ںϣߣ
Ϣʱ䣬ҶȺٴ𵴵ش߲һںϵʣں֮󣬽Ҳ񼣵ͷĪ
Ĵף½նɱһ棬ˣǾˣϿߣǹʵѾֻ׿Աȼ磡
˵֮·ǿ߶ڴ顣
ᣡ
ӡ֮ʼѪںϣžвѪɫǹ⿪ʼ
֮󣬴ǹ⸡֣Ż龻֮Ѫǹǿڡ
ʱǿ߶һʹģҧסһЩ˺ƣойҪ˺顣
ʱûҶ־İǱȻᱻ׵˺飬˵ںߣջž֮¡
ҶȵɫӲ԰ףһֻ˯ζ
̶ʱҪΪǧˣںʣѾļޣҲ͸֧
˴ۣΪ˳Ϊͷ
˭Ҳ֪һᷢʲôǲΪǿߣջữΪʷ֮еһ֡
һںϽꡣ
һǿ˫ͫ˲䣬ÿ˵â˺ѵâ˶ͬʱͷ˺ƣ̫ˣһ񼣣ҲҪ˺ѵĴ
λںֻǵһҪʵںֻӵʵѪҪԼȥѾһЩչ֣ΪԪӣںϣ
ʱҶҲ˿Ҫģǰ˽⣬ֲ˵Ԫ֮С
һУҶȸо̫ˡ
Ǵ״̬ùˣԪ޵־أѾ޷֡
ûа׷ѣЩÿһλʿں֮ǽΪԶһǿߡ
ɳ¯ع鱾
֮󣬰սҲһԸҶС
Ҷ۵𽥱˫ۣ񼣷̳˯ˣ̫̫ۣҪ£ѹ˲ϡ
̳Χڰսӡ֮󣬾־âԼϵӰͬʿػڷ̳ΧҲΪҶṩ
񼣵
ɽ磡
ͣ
âҫĿռ档
ⲻ֪ǺεսɽһƬʱնΪ˷Ƭ
Ƭ֮УʥѪϹŶȻˡ
ʥڹ˼˵𣿡
Ԧ񼣣ΧƯϵÿһģԴʱҲ޵еġ
ʥ߰ɣ
ӰƿնסʥԨ۾ϹŶ
ȻûˣҲһơ
֮УƬھһɽ֮ƯɽڲϹŶγɰΧ֮ơ
ߣ
ϹŶҲûа취ӲӲҪǣǲ˵񼣣Ŀռ񼣡
һӰѾʧȥ
֮û׷ȥͷŻʱգ̾ˡ벻һδĴ⣬ڲѣʧأԴڵǰλԽԽǰ
ҿĲԪۡѪˡҪҲ˰㣬Ҳվ
֮û֮ǰǷݿ⣬ǲĺ£Ȼӵ񼣣˰㣬Ҳ䡣
ཨɽʱգһʱįɫ
죡
ۡ
մص죬ʥһѪԨ۾ʥҲ˵ĴĿġ
񼣽֣ˣҲ֡
ףһʩչ񼣣һʵ֮⣬ôܵеù߶񼣵ף
˸ƿնʱһٻӰ۶˵أ
ǷףѪ
ȷʥش𣬷Ѫһ㣬ͷųһѪâ뷲ʥڣӡ֮Ѫ
ô˼ѪҺʥмؿѪԷԼѪָ
ѪҺӵ֮ÿ˵Ѫڴʱϵشڡ
ʲôʱˣ˵ȥ˵
ѪԨ۾һͬӡһâ֮ͨС
ʱ䣬Դռ䡣
ڵȴϹŶ֣ͨϹŶ֣һͬʥָ
Ԫ˿ˣ½磬Ѿɹܶ񼣣ˣȱڵķ˲٣
ϧ޷նɱ֮ԼǺܲİ
ǻлģõӳ֣Ľֶһģ
˰οʥƺܿ͵õת
Χʱգ̵ĵ룬һѪȼŴ۵Ĺâ
ڤһǿߣѪΧӡѪ֮У֪ɽ硢
ͻȻһλϹŶƿն֣ոյõϢǰ˴ףʧҲնɱֻʣ±֮ףѱɱˣӦǻع죡
𣿡
ڤƺ޶ԣһ΢΢˫ֻۣһӡǻкܴô֮£Ҳֻܹ˼һ֣ñ֮
ʮ·ȻֹܵɻǽڽǰȻʧأԼﵽӶԴ˶ĿĿģ֣Ǹʲôɽ֮Ҫ𣿡
µĿǰδϢɣ˼ɽ硢֮ϣ׼߶ս͵Ϯ죡


2451 ֻλ
Ҫʼˣ
ϹŶֶ֮֮С
վֵʵȥôʱ䣬Ӧýʥڤնɱһף
ڤɫأк̤ܲʵ
ǰѪǿ߽ӡƿУϵطڡȼգ֪ͶЩѪˮ˵Ѫڲɽ硢֮˭֪Ѫ̺ྪ˵
еʶֻô
֮
ǿߴӹ
֡ħ֣
ڤӭЩϽĵǿߣΪϹŶ
һλڵƿһڤ磬Ϊع
һҲͬħֻʵۣԵϹʱȨϵĵʵۡ
ڤڤǲһĵϹŶʵҲ񡢺Ԫ̫ۡ¡
ϹŶѪǰΧַ׷¹
˼ɽ硢֮󣬹ֻͷڤϹŶѪأֻλᣬ磬ֻҪ飬һ׹䡢ͷţڲȻʧճΪտǣ˫ͷħҪȱڣҲ׾٣
ع񷣬˫ü·׵ߣڤ˵걻żνȺǶ翹⣬ǶҪ磬㣬ʲô硢ɽ硢綼Ϊȥ¼Ԫӭһûй磡
ֹڤˣôΪѣꡭħֻʵҲͷɱ֮
Ϊģδ߶󣬲ɽ硢֮ǵ֮ʼ
ڤ䣬عħֻʵ۷ֱѪϿգΧͷΧӿʮǿߣһȼյĵ־ʼѪϷȼա
ͨ
ϹŶһͬ
Ѫ֮䣬ͻȻһħ⡣
ħ𿪴ֻգ۹ħͻأػΪһͨһ·ͨͨ
ͨĶˣȻִ쾧ݵĹ
ֱͨͨݡ
֣ͨͷȫ߶Ѫأ
ڤΧʮǿߣԼͷ
Ƭ
ٿٿٿ
عħֻʵƳ˫ƣ֮ӿƬЩƬȻǾʣͷŲڵʥϢ
ħֻʵ̾ʮԪڵռƬռѵõ񼣵Ƭʣ
Ƭ
ڤ֮УӿһЩʣƬ࣬Ϣִͬ
ΪЩǴƬ
عħֻʵ۴󾪣Ƭ֣ЩƬĪǾڤ֮ʣѹĴƬ
ϧڤҲԸôƬʣݣ̫̣ûκ˿Ի飬ȵʹǾͲͬˣ
óЩƬΥڤ˵־
ڤ־ΪֻҪܻ񼣣棬ڤǵ־ջõѣڤ˵ֿƬιÿһζƬԼƬΪɽ硢硢֮ս飡
ٿ
ϹŶʱΧ֣һͬӡѪطڵѪˮʼ뿪ʼһѪ
ѪմԼƬƬϹŶ£ƬƬʼںѪϷ
֨֨
ĴɲǰѪѪֱһﺧˣ߶쵽ɾˡ
Ѫߣɽ硢ԼϢȫоٵϢҪⱻ֮ӦѪϢ
ֻͨѪаʮԪľ׼ٿأղӵ˾׵
֮һ񼣣Ҳ޷ֵ˵Ѫ
ƣ
ڤعħֻʵ۴ͷͻȻ˫֡
ͻͻͻ
ǸѪգ֮ͨʣٶȾﵽǰľ˳̶ȣ˳ֱͨؾͷĴݣ
ʮľͷǣһϹŶʼӡһѪڴѪ֮
̣
죬֮еĹȡ
֮Уڳ˯֮еҶȣ֮񼣣ͻȻӿһЩ
ô£Ϊ񼣵־ս
ҶȻڻָ֮Уսڷ̳ϷץסΧЩϢȴ޷иӦʲô
ľݡ
һֱ쵽ݵ֮ͨУҫ۵ѩ𣬴κηʶ޷ֵ
գ֮ʣѪ֮ûǱݾ⡣
ˮݡ
䡣
ԵûݹâҲ󷨷顣
ʥ̵ˮݲ㣬Ȼ飡
뷲硢ɽ硢ĹԣγһƽĻѴըһƬû񷡣
ըγɵĺ磬ȻǻʧſʼĢһڲ졣
죬ռ䡣
ಣ
ϹŶͻȻֶֻ˫ͫ޵â²룬ͻϮײݣѾһݣƺƻݣҵȱֹƻݣ
ݵܱܹǵĸӦ
ߣ
׶벻ͨƿնȥ
ٿ
֮ͨУڶѪѾͷţܿ߿գĿѾݡ
¡
һΣ
Ѫ׼ȷѾı֮ϣɴը
һ
ըһˣϹŶո֣ͷǰݿʼٴαըȻƻݡ
ǰʧ¶һŴĿڳÿһ֮޷ţ̶ԶԶȱڰٱ
֮Ƭ£ɣ
񼲳۶ȥڸ߿ȼյľӰϹŶҲһһȥȻ𺳡
룬ʱͳͳռ׹䣬ʼı䣬ضڸֶ

ͻȻӡ˫Ŀŭһֱ屬âͻȻ顢׹ıƬԼʣʼݿռӿ
鴦ʣҲʼսʡƣƬ·Ҫѿռٴᡣ
ϹŶҲ׷׳֣Ҫһ֮
ͻͻͻ
ҪЭӡݿռ䣬·ͻȻһɷ籩
籩ЩƵƬ׷ʧȥƿء
·Ǻεƿ⣿
Ѫ֮⣬ɱ
ֲõݣԭǰɽ硢硢֮ƬݵƬ
ɫ԰ף󺧵ǶԸҾӡ
ӡıݿռ䣿
˾˵Ҳ޷
ûѡͦ
Իݣնɱ֮κһˣ
߶Ľ֮Լ
ԪۡԨ۾ʥѪаĸŴϹŶ֪·Ѫ֮жֲ
ǴͬӡҸԻ񼣵
ȻʱΧӿޱߵŴϹŶִ߶ΪһâѪ֮ѹȥ
ÿһ׶ʩչǿ֮⣬Ǳʩչﵽ۷塣
ǾŴϹŶ֣ҪѪ֮飬ݣٴ⵽


2452 ׻
ռһһڤعħֻʵۿ
ϹŶ߶֮·ѪѾɣ˺ǣѻɽ
عǵЦվͷƾû񼣣ֵܵ𣿡
ĿȻﵽ䲻ǻһ˱ݣȱڣǴ·֮Щף޷ӡסȱڣֹ׹½磬ֶܼã˫ͷħѵ͸Ӧ֮仯ħֻʵŭĿԲ̩ɽ˵
ͻͻͻ
·
ϹŶǿǣ߶ԼǿƿͨǿƺѪ֮ϡ
ͬײһ޷
ײϹϯѪͻȻٴ
ָо̫ͻأƺһ·ƶѪ֮
ۣ
Ȼ䣬ϹŶȻѪ֮ͬʱɣһѪ
ǿϹŶѪĶ֡
Ѫ֮ҲΪãͿʼԶ飬ٴռ䣬òױƵƬʧȥƣ׷׹䡣
ͻأȥƵģ桢Ƭʽ䡣
ಣ
ӵι֮䣬ܹҲͰʱ
ֻһ֮Ӵ콵٣˾Ī졢Ǭˮ֮Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢һһ֡
ϲϵãıƬʱӡƬռ䣡
찡׷˺£
ڶ֮׵ôˣݳһֲռ䣬ΧһƣϹŶǷ׷ʶ̬ء
ÿռΧͷͨƵƬٴץռ䡣
һ纺ơࡢ̫ʼҲռ䣬һͬӡƬ
ػȱڵ̫֮ˡ
ǴӦ䣬ҲĿô𼸴δըȻǷ˴¡
λ

ѾڴعħֻʵվڴͷǰڤңָǴ쾡ͷԱǴ飬ھǳ׹ռʱ򣡡
ɱ죡
ͷ۸ߺ
ɱɱɱ
֮УﻹʿԼޣʱǿʼһУȥ
ϹŶҲͷΪͳ˧ɱǰɱ֮Ŷǰ
ֱ
ռУ˾Ȼһ裬·ʱա
ʱõ㣬Ѿͷʱյ󣬸ֹȫȫӡռ䣬ʲϽ磬մʧ֮һзʧȥã
ԪϹŶڶʱָһЩΧٴνӡģΪݣʧô󷨡֮ɢ󲻹ƣ˫ͷħɱ죡
ǵóѣ
ϹŶ񣬿ʼӡȱڡ
ɱ
һɱԼϢȻϯϽ磬ǵص̬ӿ죬·Ҫ糹׷ӡ
žɷĵޡ̽ͷֳַٿ׵磬ɱһС
ף
ۿҪɱռ䡣
˰ˣʱɱ
鱼۶еѾͨ
ֻκ֮󣬸Ѷס˫ھȱ׸߿ɱһ
練ӦǺܿ죬ǣסҪʮ·״Ըף磡عɭɭЦڤħֻʵͬ⣺ʱʮ·׸ϣսʱ򣡡
һжλϹŶơ
죬ȱڡ
̫ۡȱڴ롣

ȱڷһֱڶ֮УΧ粻ٰıݷһоһжʧ
ǵüססȱڣȴҷӡռ䣬󱣻ȱڣ
̫ͷɫÿ
ȱڷ󣬱ûʲô£ɵͻȻ½֮󣬴ʧ½ȱʱʱ̶̿Ŀܡ
䣡
ȱ֮⣬ŵĿ棬ͻȻִĺڶ
ڶ֮Уγ˫ͷħ֣Ȼǧͷ֮࣬ǳֱ֮ӹȱڷ
ͻͻͻ
ȱз󷨡綼ʼҺ̫ۡиоʱʱ̶̿ȱ顣
Ӧϣɱ
ͫٵȥԹߣһȺ˫ͷħ֮󣬺ӿռ䣬ֱӳȱ·
̫󾪵ã˫ͷħ֣ӦϹȱڣ
Ԯ
²ȱ״̬£˫ͷħֹǶ˼ܷá
Ҫ˹֧ԮԸǷЩ˫ͷħ֡
ȣ
̫ۡϹŶȫ߶£ȱ󷨶ȼգҲ޷赲˫ͷħֲɡȱڡ
ػߣ
ûа취ˡ
ϹŶٻ
ϵϢ֣ʮǿߡ
ף׹
ͷеϽӡַ֧󷨣۵и´﷨ּ
Щ˶֮еľͷλػ֣߳ʱ䣬ȼյĻԽˡ
ಣ
ȱձ£ͻȻ䣬һӰƿն
ף
̫ۡϲƿնӰ
ϢԶ̺Ź
ǹ
Ҷȴӷ֮г֣͸Ӧʲôǰ֮Уһֻ
࣡
ͫг֣һҶȾͳɱ⡣
ѾҵĶ֣˻ûȬɣб¾ֹңɱħ֣
Ҷ˵ȱ·жʮͷ˫ͷħϲϵع㡣
ͫҶţȴһҲû취״̬赲ҶȵĲҶȵ̹ġ
λǰǼȱ룬ħֽǣ
С
Хһһӡ
˼һĻˣǶʮͷ˫ͷħ֣ڿռ侹ȻͬʱԶ롢ƾƶɲǼ䣬ͱҶԲͨƿȱ·ڼա

˫ͷħִδ࣬ӵǿĿռͨ
ŭˣ
˫ͷħſ죬Ҷڿռҧȥ
ߡֻعȣ
˭Ҳ֪ҶжǿںϸĴԪˣΪҲﵽ޼£ȻҪԪ侳硣
ںϣֻ˫ͷħ֣ǿҧסҶڵĿռʱռ侹ȻȻŤΪ״̬ȻŤ֮ȻҶڿռ䣬ȫ˫ͷħֿƣħǵ顣
벻ӵֶΣֻϢѵҲֻߣ
֪ǹ˸оؾǻȻһ壬˵ʵֲǣ벻֮Ĵߣ˾ף
̫ۡһĻвʧ
׵Ӧÿʱȷȱڵİȫ̫֪ƣȱҪ·ǱռͬҪ


2453 ɱħ
ףЩħ־ͽˣ
۴һ̫ǿߣȱ֮С

˫ͷħֲɿռ䡣
Ƿ׷ҶȣſҪҶɡ
ҶǰѾһſĴ죬¶ǷݣħϢǱġ
ڰ׾
ԪʼԵӡҲ˲⿪޼˻׵ڷرߡ
ҶǹҲкڰ
ϢͻȻӿ׹ⱻԪ߶Ϊһȼ׹⣬ꡢػһͷͷ˫ͷħִ졣
Ϣ
ǵܣ
׹⣬ϵֹ˫ͷħ֣һĻ̫Ϊ˫ͷħս
ǹװ
̫𺳵ҡͷ˼飬֮Уܰѵͨﵽ˾磬ҲǴﵽ߾֮󣬾޷ٽһֻܷ
ƺѵ־򣬶ںһУȻȫܶƣ˼飡
Ҳ̾ϢΪϹŶǶδͨ
̫ڤҲڴ죬ͷŵ֮УΨһһѹںϵˣڿףѾԽ̫ڤӵе־
ȷ̫ڤ
ĪǹףȻԽյ̫ڤ֮֮
ȻˣҲںϹڰ
̫𿴵档
ΧЩǿǣѾûκ˼˵ϹŶδʶ붼뵽鷢
ͬʱƿص
ûУ
ҲԶŵ̫ڤԡ
޼˻ףȼհɣڰԪ磡
ԵȻֹ˫ͷħ֡
Ҷֿʼӡʩչǿͨʼƿ磬֮ܣ˫һӣΧռ侹ȻΪںɫȻ׹
Ǻεȵͨõڴʩչ
һ㣬ҶҪ־ںϣͷų˾ľͨ

˫ͷħһβ죬Ҳһͬ
ҶȴʱͨѾǾ޵У˫ͷħֵҲ̫̬ˣ
һͷԸҶȵĺڰһͷ쿪ʼΧڰϢԼռ䣬һҶʩչĺڰռ䣬Ȼڿٵʧ
Ҷһڰռ䣬˫ͷħڴ죬ƾҶεռ䡢ƿ磬˫ͷħֻǻɿռ䣬ǵ츳
Ҽסһ赲ôħ֣ǵþ
̫Ȼ֪ҶޱգҲһˣԸô˫ͷħ֣ǿټӰѾ
ٻʣ
֮С
ͫ޵ͻȻͫ׿ʼŴȱڵľͷ޾ĺڰ
ٵȻƿնεȵ
ͫϴûɱҶȣʲή㣬úƻȱڣĸʴµֻҪĽͻ»صǵУٵ֮д͸
ĸʴ˾𣿡
ͫʵ
ǰĸʳ˯Ԫٵˣս𡭡
ٵޡ
Ȼ󳹵ʧȥ

ʱ˿̣ڶ֮еȱڿռ䣬һϤĿЦϯĻ
ƣ
ʮͷ˫ͷħΧɱҶȣЦдϲ
۴ϲˣ
Ѫ桢\â֮ۡĹɱ
Ӱ֮ͻȻ٣ǳħ
֮󣬴ΧͻȻԶŵĹ֮еߴڡ

ŭˣ
ߴԶŹųƵһ䣬һֱ֮г˯񼣸ԺʵѴﵽԶŵ״̬
һ˫ͷħ֣죬ȻԽ˫ͷħֵĴ죬ڿвģ໥˺ҧ
ǹＶĿֲս
Ѫ桢\â֮ۡĹҲһͬڶʮͷħΧռ䣬׷׷춯ص
ϴ󣡡
ʱҶԱߣһȭͰһͷħֵĴ俪ħֵȷ£˳һȭȻû
Ҷ˿ƴħΧɱռ룬һæʵΣ
ʼ磺ôռ䣬ֹӡռ䣬ʵֹռҲܷӡ˭޸ûƥҲֻüƬˣ
డݣҶһͷͷ˫ͷħ֣ƣǵ취ЩħնɱһЩҪʱ뿪죬ٿȱڣ
ɱǣʵеѶȣղŰһȭǹԴүүģһ¶ûУ
ɭɭħ֣Ȼֵûа취Ҫȱǰѹأͱɱǣ
Ǻ߶̣նɱһЩħ֣ڻƴʱ򣡡Ҷư
̣
ӡ
ҶҲͷԼӳڳϡ
䣡
ƵȻг˾̣âͻȻųƴһӣһȺ˫ͷħ֡
䣡
ںȷħǴܴشҶְд߶СһЩͻȻһͷħڵĿռ䡣
䣡
ʯ䣬ƿһ̻ͷħֵԴǴʱ飬ʣһſ죬Ҫѳһȥ
ħܹƣոշͱҶȴ߶ϴ־ѹ޷
֮⣡
˫ۣһѪʥ⣬˫֮ͫ
ͣ
˫ͫʥ˫ͷħֵԼ죬һػ飬ԼѪ׷˫ͫʥ֮£ȼմ
ס׵ȱָʵҪնɱڶ֮ͫУ֤˱նɱŭȼһɺڰ档
ƣҵں˰ħֵѪʩչʱ򣬽ߣǿϢɱǣҪһķǵһѡ񣡡
նɱһͷħֱ֣ʿ
ûѹħǵɱ¾棬ҶԸ취ͻȻ𵱳ħ־ѪһĻ
ǰӵħѪࡣ
ٺ٣
ƵȲˣҪɱ˫ͷħףпƷӣ֪Ҷȵı£뵽Цˡ
ٿ
ͻȻƾʧ
һͷ˫ͷħһͷħ֣Ѫ档
ѪѾˣȻأǱͷħΧס֮ͨҲԵֵ
Ҫ֪ԶŴսʱ˫ͷħ֮£Ҳжǿ̶ȣҪѪ棿
¡
Ϣ䣬ѪҪ˫ͷħִҧסƬռ䣬ѾһͷħֵĴƣѪʵӣȥѪҲħ
һһѪԶԸħ֣һԶ̫ˡ
ʥѪâͻȻ˫ͷħֵ벿֣һǾħ롣
ѪץסᣬһѪлһħͷ­һǽˣѪд̿ħֵĴ죬ɿռ䡣
һͷѾɱĳƣӶ̣ҳࡣ

ڰ֮еͫȥˣȥħֻ
ٶЩ֣ܳȫͲóˡ
ڣǱ뿪
ಣ
һͷͷħºڶ׷ڶˡ
ڶ
˭׷
ɱ۵ߴԶŹ뱨𣬷Žޣ˭óóȻɱǺڶ֮Уֻ·һ
ħһߣھͷ˿Χħɵſռ䣬ţĿռ䣬ȻΪǵζʳ


2454 ڤ׵
â֮ۡĹѪߴԶžͷ׷Χħһսɱ¾Ϣȼա
ʼǸ鷳֪Ǻʱٻ͵Ϯȱڣħ죬һĸʵģ
ողʩչ̣նɱͷħ֣ɱ񫣬ħ־ôˣ׷Ҳ׷ȥ
ٰ̫ȱڵƣ֮ǰһҲ㣬ǿ֧һʱ䣬ЩϹŶϽ취
ҶĳƼߴԶŹħ֮Уʧȥ
׷ȱ֮Уʱоײ̧ͷȥȱ֮жһЩ˫ͷħ֣ĥѱӦǿʼʽ칥
ֶܼã
ζλļʱȱѾٴα飡
̫ڷֱڸ֮Уǿ߲ϽӡǼػӭҶġ
ˣ
Ҷڲͬ־ȱںϣȱƴȼ״̬ƽǴ֮У˭ôһӡ
ȱڿռ䡣
˿ռ䣬·ѾΪսɱս
˷֧ԮɱذԼ֮ͨ
ռѾһ磬ƯһƬΪ׵ϹŶǣӡɣһϧѾ޷޲ݣֻһ֩ռס
ҲϹŶǣϵؽӡ̫ۡҶ⣬׷׷׾ۼ޲
˴󣬴ʼҪӽ֮С
粻ǾݣֻһܷͨסڵĽ֮ûǺԣֹʧٶȣܱʣ޼ɵʧҪǿ򱶡
ʵһҲδı䡣
Ѿ״̬һ첻һ죬ӴԺÿһķǿȣһһ
ؼֹֻܾŬӡȥ˫ͷħһɱ룬ȴ顣
֣˵κŬĽֻм֡
λ
Уս¶ˡ
ڤعħֻʵټʮͷЩͷǴﵽԪľڣڤŭĿˣҪս飬һǿڶʱ䣬ѹǣֻҪģȵĵһ̶ȣ˫ͷħȻṥȱڣɱ죬ʱ˭ҲȲ˴磬Ҫľǵȣ
ˣ
ھͷҪʩչ־
飬硢Ĳ𣬵ǵģȴ飬ǿʱس˻صʲôʮ·״ӿӶᲽѹ٣Ѿ̣ȡԴȵʮ·״ںϣʱٴƻʱ̣
ڤ´ָֱʧȥ
Ǽ˸ϻصһˣڤȡϵӿԸʥڤۣףټ壬ǿ֧Ԯǣ
£ھͷ뿪֮ڤ¼ͷ͵͵Ǳص
ʱʱ̶̿žڤ£б䣬ֻ֪ڤͻڷУͷ­رڵ֮ϡ

ʮ˲񹬡
ڤͷ­ɶ֮ϣʱʱһ󣬿ʹ಻ѣʱĵӼž
֮Уͷڹ֮С
ڤϷ־Χͷţ־ڵںϵʮ־˵ĳ̶ȣѲϹŶףᲢ۵ġ
ȻЩľͷڤ⣬һˣǼɵ
ʥڤۣ
ǰڵ񹬣ʮ˲˫۾ϹŶڤ֮ϵס

֮⣬ͻȻһʿ
й£ڤ¹򣺡ףڤ壬ϼ·ɱʮ
ڤ壿һ壬ȻڣҲйأȻ췴Ϊ˾ڤǸ棿
С㣬ڤ췴ף񹬣ﵱ屳ѣҲҪףǾûдڵıҪ
˳ûκϢǱĮӣӶ˼ݺɱǲ⣬棬ȫ⣬ȥ壡
ŷ֮ͷڰд⣬ڤѡ
䣬ڤոյλҪڤˣѵʥڤۣӴ˾Ͳôˣ˵ͷȡҲһ֮ϣԶЧھڤ
ǣ
֮󣬵ھͷ߳񹬡
һʱѻȸ
ڤ·𿴳ͷʲôһˣУӹһݹžصĿھͷһܱϸ˵Щڤ˺֮УҪ֮УЩǹˣʾǵ־
˻һӰҲûС
ϹŶǴľеŵÿʼ
ڤϹŶʮ׳棬ʮ˲жӦǺ
٣Ĳ٣вһ־ͷǱߵˡ
һʱûκվ
ڤȴվǹžգ˶Ҫʲô
£ڤһſڣȻûʲô˵ģ汾ȥӭʥڤۿɣ
ǣ
پͷսսڤ߳û˵
֮⣬ھͷڤƯڸ߿յȴţԱ߾Ǹ֮ϵľڤͷ­ս֮С
ͷ׷׵ͷҿκп־嵽˼¡
ʮ˲ǳأԶİգʮһھͷڳڵǡ
˭
ٶȺȻΪǰǺڰ֮УվһλӣȻģƣݡ
ǡʥڤۣ
ǰЩϹŶһЩɲǼ׷һΪǰ׵ˣԺеĶħ
ʥڤۡ
Ծǿߣɱ⡣
飬徹췴ʴñɱ棡
ֻ˵һ仰ûһϡ
˵֮Ͳˡ
͡
һ׹⽣֮ƣպնͷ
ǴɱڤɱɱɱΪڤ𣡡
ǿǣʼ
ֻǵδ֣׹⽣ٶͻȻ򱶣ռ䣬Ȼ׹֮ȫп
ֻһ
ǰǧͷǵ׹֮Ŀռ䣬һֿͬͷӷּҡ
Ѫһ̣Ϊ磬Ψһɫ
ݡ
ֻǲ䣬һ׹֮ϯ
ռһαпһʿɲǧ
Ȼһһնɱʿ֮ǰһնɱǧԾ֮еľ֡
˳ˣǱͲͬⱨ𰡣
ˣʵֱ̫ˣɱôʿ
ʣ¶ʮʿæʼˡ
ݣ
׹֮վݺ⣬͸оٻǡ
һЧӾˣʮĵǿߣſռһͬп
׿Źǰ
ʮѾû·Ϊ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ѿǰ½ǵȥ·


2455 ս
Ծǿǣ˭ͷŵİ𺳣
ǿɲ
󲿷ˣֻڼ䣬ڷУ£ŵڡ
ɱӷͫʧ
ǰʿǰǿκһ˽Կһ磬ڶһֻֻϰˡ
ֶ֮ɱҲԡǱԶž壬֮عʲôʱԻָɣҪԼıΣ
ǣǣæͷ
ˢˢˢ
һץЩնɱǿߣͷ׷ӿȻΪһͷվͷ֮ϣʮͶľʿʱƿնȥ
񹬡
ڤӸ߿գͷ㹦ȴ£̫أ治֪Ǻ³
ף棬󲿷ѱȡͷʣһԶڵعֱָɣ
֮һƬѪâϯȥֻ̤ͷʮʿ
ͷŵðʿ
ЩͷˣǺεʵһ尡Ȼʥڤѹһɱôˡ
ڤǵͷ֮£ǵĹӣԶڣݲ֮ˣ

ŷӡЩͷ׷׷
ھڤͷ֮£ͷΧ·϶ˣγһͷ̨Щͷ˫Ŀ֮ϱȻʹࡣ
ڤ͸Ÿ߹ʣתӺоͷǾ仰֮Щ֮ˣڱǵ־ǻǵһ֣ǵ壬Զ٣
飡
پͷ֮У֮һ¡
ǿʼڤǰڣͬʱҲڤԶʾģΪ顣
޵
ʮں嫵ĺڰ֮УԼïܵԡ
޵ֱʮϷһֶոҸо죬ԼĽڴʧӦǴ⣡
ʱӦ紦ڼս֮УսĥĽ磡ûжپȣ쳣ƽ
Ľ֮ʼҲʧڿԿʼ뷲磬շ硢ɽ
˵꣬һͬʧ
ռ䡣
һ̾޴ķӡ󷨣ѿռʱһЩƬԼԴԴ׹硣
·һսǿɱ
໥˺ҧսǻصԶţս
ʱռڲԪۡѪϹŶڻָ֮Уھͷʱʱֹ̿Ӵȥ
ಡ
һᣬҶƴʷ
λ
ԪۡʮϹŶʱͷԪΧе֮뿿£
ʮһ֮ȱ̫֮ۡۼ
ʮϹŶ֮⣬ﹲжʮʮԪ֮ڣס
Ǵ˾ˮ֮ǬĪ졢Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢տɷ̩𡢽ٳ񼣡̫ʼסס˻ססơࡢԼҶȡ
ֻ񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡˻񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡ס
Ǵڡ
ƻָһЩϡԼ԰׵ɫžŴϹŶÿɫࣺҵȶ벻͵Ϯ죬Ϊ޷죬Դ飬ƻ֮ǰҲԼʱֹ벻ռԶƬƬԼ硢ɽ硢֮һͬ죡
ռ֮󣬴ӦÿǿҸӦڼʧɣǰѾ޷޲ռ䣬ԼȱڣֹֻʧٶȣֶܼãԼ
˫ͷħֻʱʱ̿ڹݣ˵ǵȲ˶꣬ɱֻһ취ӴʧǾʽսЩףֻҪ뿪磬ǾͿϴֹʧǻϣϵԪĩڣ
Ѿ֪һƻʮ·״ϣһͬԼսĵĸ죬Ǳʮ·״δ֮ǰ˷ֹǣǣĻᣡ
һϾ֮ɫɭɭ˵
ڳÿһ֮ɫѾ޷صһ
Ԫ۵ʮһףϻعҷӪıףʵȫ棬ǣͬʱε۾½磬س˱֮е񼣣Щ񼣿ʱ֧ȱڣϹŶǶʮףҪս
ƻѾ䣬˾ˮ֮Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢տɷʮһˣռ䣬һսҪԸڤعħֻʵ۵ȵʣʮףһ˶Ըһ״
ͷһââֻΪһķǰ֮һݡ
˾ˮ֮Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢տɷһ֮뿪ӪھʣǬʮס
ʮףвʮԪ֮ǰΪ׵ĴڣҲһֲŸոճΪףǿģֹǻɱʮ˲ǣ
У
ʮףšࡢҶˣƸ߰ػش
Ԫֶ֮ҵϹŶ⹵ͨʱսҲʮ·״·ߣ֮УκѴǶἰʱ֧Ԯǣ
ѵϳ磡Ӧ
Ϳʼ׼ɣ֮µĸѾ֪Ҫ½Ϣǻһ׽սʱգȴǣ绹ʿϣǿǣһͬĽ磡
˵꣬ʮ׷׷׽ӡ
Ӵ˷ʱһɹâ
λ½޷񼣵ģҲ޷ٻ񼣣ʴԵҲҪСģӵвþ֮ʵ쳣ǿ󣡡
ټڴԼ֡
ϧԪǲ֪޷ٻ񼣡
Ҫԣӵвþ֮ĵףþ֮ǿ񼣵ĴڣȻȲ񼣣Ҳȥ
һΨһƣǿ編
ˢˢˢʮ໥һȷøԶԸ֮вһɳ죬֮Ҳһһ뿪
ս߿գһֳŽӡ֮󣬴ͷŵâ֮У񼣵ĴǿߣЩ֮еľͷ
һףӵеǿҲнǧ֮࣬ڶףٻǿˡ
𡭡һս㣬ڵܣҪʵͷȡ£ڤ
֮ԸͨϢŸǿߣһһʧǰͬʱա
ҶȳһƬƲ֮ҲּӰ


2456 
⼸Ӱ纺ơ硢ҶȣһӪӵס
ֻǲһͬսǸԶԸһףдĵǿߣԴ˵һμս
ɣ
纺һ߶ͨٻԺ񼣵ǿߡ
һͨͷֻ֮ɫ֮£ȳʮź塢ľͷһ⣬һˮ֡
ӿһͷͷǿߣǧˡ
ף
ˮǿߣʱ˹¡
纣ҪԸףǡħͨ졯ʵ쳣ǿҪСģˮƣƵֻҪκҪĵطҪߴңҶ纺һδζš
˶ᣬʼĿ纺ˮַˮ

Ҳʼٻ԰񼣵ǿߡ
һͨͷź󣬾Ҳмǧǿߣһǿ߲һеǿߣħˡ
񼣣ǿ֮һӵеǿȻˡ
뿪֮ʣҶơһҶ뵽һ£֣ͻȻһ£ϴȥѰҴԪƬʱһʱһ氢Զǿߣǳǿʵײ࣬ҿȻ˵֮ȥһˣھͿʼͷŰ񼣵־ٻ氢Щǿߣ
ȷһԣλȸǣ
Ҳһǿߣǰʱա
ϴ¾Ϳ˭һնɱףҲȥˣ֮˷ܵһȻƿնȥ
Ҳˣ
Ҳһȥ
ʣҶȶĿԶȥĸӦʱӦǵϢ֮ϢЩףػսʤԶ֡
һڿռ֮вϴ
һʱҶİϤʱա
֮İΪƬٹĵطϤΪѰҴԪ⴦ʱա
ܿ͸ӦʱնŵϢǱȽϼڼʱ֮УҲӦϤϢ
ףԭۡ
Ƭʱнһ磬ս֮Уͳ˧ĴһƬռ䡣
һˣǴǿϢ
Ʋ֮ҶһʱգԵźüĴ
漫ڡšڡ̫ŻҪǿһЩĶͨǲ٣
½ϷսδϯƬģĿǰмͷ֮üʿԵúܾš
濴ʵʿһֲ״̬
ҲóѾӪʱյǿߣۼǧǿߣԪʼ񡢻ֻںһ֣˶࣬Ǻǿ
ƵǿߣԪʼԼ񣬱ȽһռкԵơ
̣
Ưڴ½ϷȰ˽֮Ҷͷ־·½
ڽˣ
ಣֻǺ䣬һԪѵӴ½֮ͷŶ
ʮӰٷԶԶ½֮
Ҷȸ˫ִݡƽƯ֮Уû˿׵ļƣ˸оһϹŶûκϢ
ӭ½磡
δʮǿ߸ռĸߺ
䣬ڼҶȣһһͣ
Ҷ΢΢ףÿҪսˣ
漫ڵλڵ඼ⷽʱյ䣡
ǰǿˣʼҶȽΧǿߡ
ҶһɨԿЩ˵ʵΡΪΣ廹һִﵽ˻Ԫ侳磬ĶǽӽǴﵽ۷Ĵڡ
Ҳ˾ҶȴһЦݣգЩˣ˵͵Ϯ죬ұݱϢЩ׶æ޲죬ΪǱĽķǲڣˣеʡʧǱҲʧ
侲Ҷ˵ÿһ֣ɫָ糣벻ǰһף˺Ƣ
Һסʮ·״ǻٴι죬ҪʧĿģˣȥ˵˵֮ҶȾͲٶ˵ʲô
ӭ״ݣ
漫ڡšΪ죬׷׸Ҷ·ȻӵҶȷ·½
Ʋͼһ޴Ĵ½κһ½򱶡
ʱһ½գ̧ͷ׽٣˶ʧҲΪҶȿһƽ˵Եʡ
ƽžûʵĽ͡
½漫ڵĵһ̵ķ֮УһЩϹŶΪҲǴﵽ£ѽԪΪĴڡ
ϧЩͷ޷죬ΪҲԵõ
漫һ𹬡
Χвٽʿӽ𹬣ǽ󷨡ռ䶼Žİâ
Ǿף
׶ǻԪĴڣΪοȥô᣿
ǰǲ࣬Ҳ̫ˣǲͲף
Χʿ۷׷ףҶӵ£֮УԹԡ
ڲҶȻȻϷ£һһ£ʮԵúܾн˭Ҳ⶯һ£ǿ
²ãҶȾͿʵսЩ꣬ʧɷأ
漫վȴҶʾ£æҷףԭۣ˲֪жɱǧʱѶȡ֮һʱգٸСһӶʣҷʧأÿһӣѰӸǵ֣Ҳֻܰ״־ԹϵĴ󣬲ӵ
ϲ˶õġ
ҶȾ˫棺ŲҷȥӦӶԴһӶ걻ռʱգǻἴɱƴɱ룡
ô죿ʵ
Ҳ벻ףûϣ
ЭҲܲսֻһѡս
Ҷȹȵʱ䣬䶼ɫһҶȻվһжҪһ룬ȥԭۣ
ʲô
λˤ
ԭۣԷǳɱȥ˭Ҽס
䶼Ҷôġ
Լ汾ȥһˣȴҲżżҲûô
Ҷûнͣ˵һ䣬Ϳ漫ڡš䡣
伱æվҲΪĻţΪȫ²Ҷȵ뷨Էף˵ʲôǾͱʲô
ಣ
ͻȻһ磬֮Ѿˣʣһڴľͷ
κ󣬴ȼյϢʱϡ
Ҷ漫ڡšͬʱ֣ǰǵĽ磬Ѿŵ˵
ԭۣҶͻȻһȡ
ˣ
һ޵ʹǰǴƷ
ಣ
գۼ䣬ӰƿնΪߣԭۡ
㣡
ԭĿһͻȻ֮ɫΪȷˣһӶǵĶ֡


2457 ɱ¾ʼ
ɲǼټҶȣԭǴ𾪡
Ҷô
ֻ˵ʥڤۣôߵںһ
ԭۿڣļӰͷ۸Ӹеţ׷һʥڤۣ
ʥڤۣ
漫ڡšˣ
ôͷϤҸо˫ʶһ̫ˡ
ʥڤۣ㲻ڵôһͷ̲סʵ
ҲǱʵģԭҲʵ֮ͫȻɻ
ڴ֮£ҶЦ𣬵ʱҲʲô¸㣬ڵʥڤۣҵķ
󺧣ķô˵ЩػСߵģ㣬ķϴҽֵˣҲ㣿
Ϊ޷ŵԣףɼǵ˵ĻɼǵҪػʲôͷһףЩڤ˵ӣеĹߡ
ҲȲѣҲǱСһַʽ
𣿡
ԭЩԶԣҶһЦ㣬ǰһֵ𾴡սĶ֣ҵ֮УٴΪϳĿꡭҴˣֻһС˰ˣʴҵķŻڵ֮Уȡλãػڴߣӳ˯֮лѣ
ģҲڣ㲻֪ҵľأͲҪУ۲Ȼŭ
ҲҪ֪ʲôˣٿǵɱɱ¾ƻ죬ҾɱɣǸ㣬Լκʱգ֮أӴʿԶ޼ҿɹ飡
Ҷȴݵ˵꣬Ҳûȥʲô뷴Ӧһʹʧȥ
׷
ͷȥˣҪնɱҶȡ
ǲ֣ڵ֮УһУҾ֪ʵҲ£׷ȥֻѰˣȥ
ԭȻŭ͸𣬿Ҷһȷѵ
ھͷص
ռ֮Уڱ֮һֱĬš
ͻȻһâƿնץģɫ·ھͷոյõϢд
𣿡·ͷӦ
𽥻ָƽƿʼҲԱˣֱɳʮֹ֮ʮ·ǽӭս
һͷ͸ɱʼջǵȴľһ죬ɱЩףǵͲᰲµļԪ
ȥʱֹͣռԴ帺ᡮħ󡯣λҲҪѪս׼ĩսʽ
ǣ
뿪
ҶôʥڤۣȻЩ֣ĪǴʲôıɣķѾǿ󣬱ʵΣԸҵ֮˭
һֱڷ֮Уȫ벻ҶȻΪס
漫ڡ
ղǾհ
ص֮е䣬ƺҶϷѸղŷ飬׷׸֪䡣
ʱ˲֪ǰף׿Ĵڡ
ҶȿûۣʵκӲĶ䣬ֻڿǸصĴ¡
һ֮Ҷɨ䣬һץ˴Ĵ䣺ǱƵ񵤡񵤣Լĸ񵤣һޱȵĴս֮Укܶˣⳡս֮У
ΪײܣģΪṩ񵤣Щ񵤶ôﵽµǿߣָָ
Ѵ佻䣬ܰµľͷָƣ
Ǹ񵤰
սһ󷨣ǱԶΪδսר׼ģΪתܴ󡯣ǣҶȼ˵ȥתܴмŵ㣬һǿϴоɱܻҲٴᣬΨһҪģҪŽһ£ͬ߶תֻܴҪԴŴ֮оͻᵮܣʵһĿܣҲ޷֤ǱֻԴ̶ȣ
ǵǿתܴ󣬾ܼĵһ־߶ܣ־Ϊתܴ
ŴרΪսʴҪÿ˶Ҫڼʱոַ²˳٣ǰԼ󷨴ȥҲҪЩδսǿ԰׸󣬳Ϊǵĺ񵤣ǿ·ʱʱ̿̿ƴ񵤣жɣ
氲ź֮ǼΪܣ벻ո½ףܵĴ㡣
Ҷֿ漫ڵѵжȥҪµһ󣬽˵Ϣˣ
ǣ
伱æ뿪æµ
ܿ漫ڵķʧˣ·ƾ¶½ڲ磬ӻôһ£ͻȻһϵٴν֣ܿԴԴӿ硣
ʱոս빬Ǿ;ˡ
ǹڲΪһ磬һʱգֻڷڣֱеá
ǰ̳ϣǧ
Щ󶼲ƬʿϢͬ
λ䣬ã
Ҷȳ̳֮ϣЩʿ׷Ҷȶת
ֶۡն졢޵ˡġɾ̫ۡ顢۴ɡͷ߾𡢴ˡĭɽۡ
һϤ׸ֶʦξҶٻꡢֹԫ𡢹ġࡢ硢ʮӦ顢
дӷ硢ɽǿߣ̫̫࣬Ϥס
УǶﵽ߽λǼµľ磬ֶۡ޵˵ϹŶ̤Ԫ䡣
ǿᣬͷŵƣһںϵϡ
Ϊ񼣵־ںʣǻͷųơ
ҶȵףҲδܣֻǵЦЩǿ߽ǣںϮ
ǣ
ʱ׹ǰЩ˿¾һǿޱȡ
ҶֿλߣѣΪһӣжҪ׳սҲв˶䡭
䣡
սɱ¡
һ磬ǿȡĽĴڣҾúֵãûĽ磬ֺԴҶȿһϤףߵһÿ˶ҪȥԵģֻôһ׼ˣսҪŽᣬԼƣǿеƣ󷨣߶ʵͨŵ޷赲ǵķâ
ǲṼףֶ޵˴ˣߺ
ҶӦԲԣǧѾ޷սһ磬ɱõŷɥ
Ҳ޷ǣкܶ䡣
֮˾
ˣ
̳ռʧҶص֮Уâһūʮʱ֡
ˣ
漫ڡڵ䣬ľˣֻսľˣŵ˵


2458 תܴ
ˣ
˵֮ĴڣҲ֮Уǰľˣ࣬ҳɱ¾ơ
ūҲޱȣһҪԵΪҲϢ·ҲںϺڰ֮ͫǵ˸
սһȻսᾡʧҶҪȡʤҲȥ׼ɣ
ҶūػԱߡ
뿪ҶȾͷŸӦݹս
ⷽǧץʱתܴӡǰƽʱǾʱѲңԶ
ܿͼǧߣ֮УӪԽһ½һƬƬˮڼǷ׷ǱڰУȴɱʱա
һƺҲԸӦǿڼᣬ·ǿߴ˷Ӫ֮лѹһЩ²
ջظӦ֮Ҷͷߡߡ޽߸ӦʱϢ
һϢڸӦ֮УȳȻǳơ纺Ϣ׶Ѵǿ׿սڸӦ֮УҶҲ֮
սƻ編ƽ⣬ϴܵƻȥ֮ջ޷ơ
ս뾡
𣿡
ȥ
һֱڤ˼Ҷȣ΢΢ۣӦ֮УһſµĵⷽƽȻǵʼ
ֱ۾ʱҪһΪУԪںϣһǵȴԭһս
·ֻء
ããˮ֮С
һ˫˫۾ڰУӰճֵĵâ
޵뽪̫˷׷ɫأսһҲڵȴţ޵˿ˣ˼ץסᣬӪ֣õʱڴս뽺״̬䲻ͻȻ֣Դʱڰеȴ
󣬷׷޳޵˵Ľ顣
ܿУ˼޴еͬޣеľǹǺģϵڰջ̤ˮǰУ죬ռ䶼顣
ڴͷ󣬺󷽸һǶ룬ڲϽӡǴһɾ˵ռ䣬ƺǵͷۼ֮أҲڴ߶ĳֿ
ƺƵһǰǱסڿռ֮Уûжһ£ҲûС
磬ǿߵĸӦڵĻ־룬Ӧ类ͷӦˡ
Ӫа֮ͬһ޹֣Ͻࡣ
ಣ
ۿҪƬ
ʱ֮£ˮ֮ждҲɶΣڽӡ֮С
漫ڡš䣬ǧ䣬Լ֮еǿߡͷ׷߿ա
ڸߺλսϻᱬ޴ڣ֧ǣʩչתܴ󣡡
´֮󣬴ƬƬǿʩչͬһ󷨣ܿһɺâס񷣬֮Ӱ
ЩӰ·ĵӰӰӣһģһֱǵķ
ЩɲǷǿܣִͨ߷Ŀܡ
֮ܳǷ׷׶ˮǸߵĸ߿֮УΪϢںһ˸оϢΪǱ
һЩ䲻̾׵תܴޱȣϢںϣλ֣ᷢ
䡭
˲ãǰƮʱ֮УǵϢʼӿŹͱ֮ƹ
ݣ𣡡
ͷȽӡΧҲӡۿҪͻȻһĻ
ͻͻͻ
Ļ֣ЩȻĻһʱ˸оضҡĻ·ıݣһƣҲͻˡ
ͻأĻ֮գȫǱըĻ棬ңңˮ
һֹոսѾۿҲڰȻڶֹֿʼ߷綼ǵںһͷſҪƬҧ顣
ûб壬ΪǶתܴ󣬿Եֿһǰɵ
ģǴġ
սʵľƣǿľӣûƣûбʤľģҲʤ̡
һֹѹתܴһδιԸոտսľ紦ƾеĳ̶ȡ
֮󣬵ͻȻֹͣһϽץסʱϢҶȷַľ񵤡
ۣ벻һȻܿסǵĹ
׹Ȼб£
Ӫ֮С
ͷ󷨿ռ䣬׷׾ۼ룬̧ͷϷԭۡ
Ĭţֱ˵֮ŻڣոյϢǵĵǸոս񼣵ףµĹ֮񣡡
֮񣿡
ھͷͷƤ顣
֮ţԶŹϵ޵дڣ̫ڤδʱڤµǿߣ֮
벻ԼĶ֣Ȼǹ֮񣬹ֲÿ赲ǰĲ
ҲҪģλ֮Žûжã赲ǣֻ񼣵ˣһ½ףﲻЩ׵ĸ߶ȣ׼ڶֹ
ͷǷ׷ףв˻λ˵֮еĴڣ֮񣬱ϾԶŵ䡣
֮񡭡ҶȰڲͬҵɳָ߶ȣ㱾ҲںϹ񼣡ΣҲҪնɱ۾ˣԺ۾ҶӰӡ
Ӫ
ĺܾˣ֮ǿ߶ԾٶȲϻָ
ڲڴ֮УһƣϷҶȣָһϯˡ
ó䣺ƴ񵤣ǲõ⣬϶ٴηǵ󷨣ǵֻ󷨹ΪϲߣǿⲫɱǾͽԴ
ս»һһϾģһȻҲģֻҪܽսȥػĵصĵزʱǾսʱ򣡡
Ҷȶһ֮뿪
Ҷȼʱ׼֮󣬵ַ˹
һħⲻϵغɱŽһתֵܴһʱ޷ѹ
ֹ֪ȥʱ⡣
Ӫ֮УͻȻһɧ
ʱմ֮Уԭ벻پͷͨӡ֮󣬾һѪأȻаץ󣬷׷Ѫ֮С
Ѫؾȼһ󣬱ѪصѪˮʼڣҾ˵ȼš
ҪҪ
󣬱ǿѹͶѪ֮С
ģǿûƬԼͶʮ֮ѪѾΪѪ𺣡
ۣӦ㹻˰ɣ
һЩͷźѪʮֲס
ǵĶǹ֮ǻҪԼ֮һ
˶ԭۣޱ飬ɭɭЦЦ֮󣬵ǿ߼һ
Щ˼£ѾûģҲ֪ģ޷ı֣Ҳˡ
ԼͶѪ֮УȥѾƯٵʬǣһЩá


2459 ƾ
ͷһĻ֮ġ
ĳޣѾֲЩУûͬ飬ֻвݡ
Ѫһһ׼ѪӤ󷨣
ѪϿգһɭɭɨΧͷ
׷һ˵ۣѪӤǵϽϽʩչڤ䲼ֹ
Ȼ֪㣬ǿǰף÷ǳֶΣж˻Ǵ徫Ӣ´󲿷ֶҪᣬÿʧ𣿡
ãȻã
ҲȾᣬȻѾд㣬Ǿհǣֻ۰ѪӤ̫аڤ˶ԶӡĹʩչֻ֮Ҫ嶼ᱻѪӤƣо綾ȻѪӤʴΪһһҲȾ綾
սͻѪӤ󷨶ҵһ˵һһ޷ƣʱٲǿߣһʤظ˻ѵⲻõķ߳˶֮Щ磬ʼɡ壬ʱǳ֣֮£
ҵͬ⣡
գڳĴͷͬش
ȻˣҪͶѪ֮УѪӤ󷨽ǳʤУ
Ц׾ףƿش֡
ֻҪΪʤﵽĿģκֶζʩչ
Ϸڰ䣬ССϰٴιδݣһٴδҲʤϣ
ͨѪսҲһһȡʤǻ̫ʼȻǵһնɱףȡսʤ֮
ս˰ꡣ
˵겻ʲô֮ս˵ԿԷֳһʤ
ʱҶһֱ֮ϵոյ֪һϢ̫ʼ߶ֻ֮ţնɱһףȡʤ
˻̫ʼвҲڽڽʤ֮Уơ硢纺ҲһЩ
ȡʤĻ̫ʼʼΪ֧Ԯߣʱʱ̿׼֧ԮЩҪס
ս꣬ܵõʤÿ˵ǿ˷ܼ
䣡
ʱմСֵҶȣͻȻ𶯣ϢٴȻǵһַ˿¹
֮УĻݱû޲Ҫ⣬ܿסռϷ硣
󣡡
Ӫ
ǿڴ߶ħ緢һδιؿԼǿߣɫ԰ףܱ¹ǶǾ˵ġ
ͻȻ䣬һѪ̳ⷨٿȻ
ԭͷվڷ̳֮ϣھͷʼӡ۽ӡ֮˫֮гһµѪ⡣
ٿһѪɳƯڸ߿𽥻ΪһϤѪ֮
ڤعħֻʵ۵ͷŵջ˴ݡ
ͬǣ۴߶û񼣡ƬʣȻﵽǰֲֻּҪһͿԻһƬ磬Ҷȶв
Ѫֻ֮мϣ۴žͷǽӡ֮󣬲ϳѪѪ֮ԽԽˣܿʹﵽʮɣдĵѪƣǵ
ણણ
þ֮һͷͷ󺹣ϵź飬Ҫ߶ǲף֪ݵжôֲ
ʮꡣ
ͻȻﶯΧЩͷҲۣȴţֱ۱Ŀ⣬ֱһ

ǰһµĹħâңԶ
ڴʱͷٴƶ˫ƣϿ֮УǸѪ֮ʱһͬʱһƿնȥ
ѪȡϢ
֮УеҶȣͻȻӦһڲͬĵϢɳ֮С
ոǰתܴĽϣһıըȻһѪӱը֮й֡
¡һ
Ҷȶ޷ӦѪͶӰһµѪֱӰתܴķ飬һãĻ鲣Ƶģϡﻩ顣
ɲǼ䣬һ󣬶ٱѪˣЩΪ󣬵ñը
׼Կ֮ɱﵡ
Ѫײתܴ֮һЩԻƣֱײ
˻ƣ
Ѫֻ֮ſԿ⣬ֻҶѪɱ֮У˻
˵ʱʱ죬ӿ˵ĵâҶһץ춼׹ҶץѪ

һɾƺҪҶ˺ѣ˱Ѫ˺
˶һĻǿ׿
âӿʩչСͨ£ֳĻӶѪѱһգʧ
ʣɫ԰׵Ҷȣռ֮Уϵشںš
ǿ̺־һžҶȿѪǱжһܻ⡣
ɲǼ䣬Ҷü͸һݾ㵣չȵɱˣ߶תܴ󹥻ӡ
ɱ
ȻĴʱУѾǿ߳һᣬ÷ʱɱ֮С
ᣡ
ܵشڴ£һͬӡ

ķռ䣬ݺȻŤ״̬
漴Ӱˮ·ֳǿʵʵֻǽڴ֮ϵĿ
ⲻһĿܣĿͬĿܡ
֣ܳѵͷΧУͷԸ˵ͨ
ϴӺɱҪŷ϶ɱ֮УӭǵҲǴɱĿ
ۣΪڲʩչѪӤ󷨣
֮УŰ
۴žͷǣѪأһս
Ҳĵһزռƣϣɱ󡭡ѪӤһʩչҷҲлܴһҲʩչսٶ侲˵
ΧЩͷҲΪԼ˿

ʮաˮԼ½Ϊս
ǰֲĵޱǿᣬǴҲ޷ֹǣǿܱ֮󣬾Ȼֻٴᡣ
˵һǿ߿ľţҲףΪĿܣٴ᣿
ΪתܴҶں־ֻԼǾ󣬷ǲƣǹԿֲʩչһսһס
ʵ̫ǿø赲ǣ
̫ʼڶʱʤնɱףȻƣֻߣֻ֮ʵȡʤҲΪ֡
֮УÿһʵҲкܴ֮֮࣬еĲһģҶԵԭۣȻǼΪףʵȴӹɵġ
ͷ塭
սһӷƫ磬ǵ벻ġ
ʾ£ھͷʼӡ


2460 ѪӤ
ͻͻͻ
ʮŻʱƿն
֪ھͷӺηټЩŻ֮жŤĺơ
ˢˢˢ
ӿڵ׹ǿ꣬ϧʶѱɣֻʣǡ
̫ˣܿռݸ߿գŵɱ
ʿǶмԦɱΪڻɱС
ɱ¾֮Уܿʼ彻֣ϧûѪû⣬Ҳĺܣڿܴ֮кֱײ
飡鰡
ں󷽿תܴ˭֪ڵǲĴڣҺ磬ܵ編Լӿֲ
Ҳ£ЩȻʿ鷳Ǽƴ岻壬ǻᴩɱԸ
ɢܴŵľս֮ʣҶȼʱ֣Ϸ
飿̫ˣ٣ղľͳΪҵɣڰ׾
Ԫʱڣ֮ͫбס
͡
ոմҪɱѪûǰһڵռﶼס
ǵӵгͽպÿƵ飬ʱĩˣֻҪ飬ûв˲䱻ͨͨΪҽײϯֻҪԽתܴ飬١
ҶգҶĿǡ
Ҷȴչ·ٴλָʿᷨӡĿһᣬɱĿܾٴ
ǰ߿գһЩǿ߷׷䣬ڿ£ǿǿᣬҪƿܴҲҪشۡ
һתܴȥʱ䲻ƣǿߣȻˣ̫ˣҧ֡
ۣȥǲ
벻֮ԶԸǴû޿ܣɱɱȻռƣҲڶʱȥ
սҷҲһɱһԮǽԶԸ
֮У֮ȼɱ֮
ھͷһ
ϷŭüͻȻȵҲ߶ѪӤ󷨡Ƕǹ̫֮ڤվͬ߶ȣԹ޵Ĵߣȥ˵Ҫٲľأ
ߣ
˵꣬;һӣʧˡ
ƾճڵ֮ϣǰǼɱս
ʱ·ݷĵʼƣͻȻٻѪأѪֱӷսϷ
ѪӤ󷨣
ͷһƽһѪһףγ֮ƣ׷׻Ѫء
ѪͻͻͻղѪ֮У˳Ѫĺˮ
ʲôˮ澹ȻһЩĵѪӤһɶߣѪ֮սϷѾѪӤ
أ
ѪӤƺڼ֮УǵаѪҺأ·ЩɱĵǿߣԼתܴ󷽣ӭѪΡ
˶δ쳣ΪЩѪӤǰ㾪ˣֻһЩӤĿ޽
ѪӤһյս𸲸ǣû˿ԼǣаѪ֮ѪӤ԰һ뻹Ҫࡣ
תܴѾ飬󷨱ѪӤûκЧʱ֮С
κǿ߶ѪӤûֲһ¡
Ҷڼ飬ֱһа񡢶Կ־Ϣ֮ſʼս
ʱδκζߡ
ЩѪĶ⣡
ѪӤǵѪõǡ
һЩʼ߶ͷͨʱͨһѪӤɱһһ
Ԫʼ߽λǿߣҲնɱѪӤЩδ֡
һԪʼǿߣɱĹ񫡢ʹ졣
ɱ˼ѪӤ֮մѪӤаѪҪǣѪӤʬƬҲ׹֮С
ǿߵճХ벻Щ˲һҿѾǿ֮ĩСҼҵĶҲٻ
ȷǲ⣡
ɱʹˣҲмһˡ
֮󣬼нѪӤǿ֮УһаϢ𽥵ս֮С
ۣˣˣʼӡɣ
һڵͷɭɭЦ⡣
ӡ
ԭüͷһ˫ֻͫ޾ĮֵѪΪΪ¯ĵطаʶӣѪ
ھͷȼѪȵĻ档
ͬʱڳ֮ҲһЩ仯
ɱ֮еĵǿߣ֪ǵףѾ߶ѪӤ󷨣ڹܴ
ǵҲһЩѪϢ𽥻Ϊ档
֮󣬴ţһӡ߶תܴ󣬵ʱвǿϳѪϢ
ôˣΪҵһʹ
Ҳǰо֮ʲôϢҪ
ϵѪϢ𽥻ΪѪȻ档

ܿһЩͻȻ˷ƵģʹؿʼڵԼͷ۾ѶҲϱаѪɢڴ
Ƕ˵ʩչĴ
伱æϹһ·ƬԲУǼ⿪ʼãͷʼ䣬̫졣
ȥеæȥ֡
ɢ
ڵ䵱һȣΧЩ󲻸ǰһæʼˣתܴҲ
ˣû
ǸӪ˸֮Ҳû˶һ
һӡ֮󣬾ϲˣƺҲٷѵǳˣ
ء
˻ûü²⣬֪·ǰûϢѪˣͻȻ俪ʼӤĿֲһĻӿ֣Ƿ׷û۾ûͷҲûͷǵ϶ˡ
ͬʱΧһЩҲʼȼаѪȻ棬ҲһʼԲС
ԾԾԾͬʱëȻĺ⡣
ͣ
ͬĿֲ
·ЩѹĸһȻʼһ𣬴ĵѪӤЩѪӤʼ븯֮ںϡ
𽥵ģһٶ֮Ȼγһ޴Ѫˡ
ѪûͷǸͺȻڲϸţҲû۾ϲϵаѪ
õҲʼַʽγɿµľ޴Ѫˡ
ۣ
ѪͻȻ
Ѫſ죬ӴԼͫ˵аѪ
մЩѪˣˣ
ʶһǵڸȥΪѪˣ
Ͽ쳷ˣתܴ󣬶һƺδץסᣬȻ
ڻˣ߶ͨѪѪ̫࣬Ѫմϡ
Ҵս֮У侲УȻһµĵѪ
ѪһֻǺΣ඼ΣҲһû۾û͡
תܴѾʧȥЧ
ѪѪϺֳаѪ
һֻʱˡ
ҶҲ´﷨ּݷĴʼƣЩѪı仯ҪҵѪʲô⡣
ΪֻлˣմаѪҺữΪѪ˻Ѫ
ս֮УĴʿǵʬ忪ʼãȼаѪȻ棬ĵʿʼ׷ںϳΪѪ
ܿѪٶ׷ɱսֲ̫ǿҲ޷տ棬һЩѱѪѪɱöס


2461 Ը
սпһ񿴵С
֮ǰҲЩף֪սĲпԣֻɱ¾ֻֻʹࡣ
ֻҪУԶòѡ
Ѫ˻໥ɣԽԽ󣬳ΪѪеѪ׷ɱҲһɱȥоĵطҪһɶ
ѪӤ󷨣
ս̫ҶҲܰÿһ󣬿ŲɣΪѪҶҲ޲ߣֻдʱˡ
֮У֮׷ҶȹͨսҲպһ׷жߣ׷
ʱ֪ʩչôµĽ
ѪӤ󷨱ڵԶһħͷΪȡһа񹦷ħͷǳˣʵҲѪӤа
ΪȡħͷʩչѪӤһ磬ô޻ΪѪ
ĺƽٵġ
֣֮Թ̫֮ڤΪףϴ߶ѹħͷְѪ¯֮УҹȼգհѶ
ѪӤ󷨲֪ΪλڵΪϽ
ڰ
ڤ˼һᣬսӵѪҶʩչСץʮͷ֮Уӿ쳷ٶȡ
޵ˡֶ۵ȷ߼أȱ֣ƽѪӤ˵
˹Уʮ󱻶ڴ󲿷󶼼ʱˣҲ´﷨½еࡢޣʼƬʱա
ۣһڳˣ׷ɱѪͻƬ磬紦Ƕ
ϧҲʧء
Ҳʱ˺󣬴ȥʼ׼һ
Ӫԭھͷսǳһڶ֮󣬵Ҳڳ֮С
֮
Ƭ֮֮һռ죬֮һ綼Ƕں޼ɣĵط
˵ǼʶתܴΪսʤѪӤ󷨱䣬Ѿһľ֮С
ѪӤ̫аǶʵǿ󣬵޷նɱһմѪҺҲӲ³
ҵһȰɣڱչ֮УѰƽѪӤ󷨵ķӣӦ԰취ȻѹƵ
Զԣǵ׿ΰĹ֮񣡡
УһϢһȴҶȻϢ
һռڣҶУʱǵʧ䡢Ƿϵ̾Ϣ
ʩչѪӤ֮󣬵ȷ޷ݵش
ˣ
һӡ̫֮ӿʮͷ׷׳֣ĿⱩ壬ɱ¾
̫ȻԿѪ
Ѫȣ֮ڵ̫ͿʼѪѪĶڱ
ѪѪҺ֮га־ԼֻҪմѪҺаͻӣӿ֮󣬾ͻʶԼֻΪѪӤӣԲʽȾȥͣϢ
ͷѪܣԼѪӤʶ΢΢ָ֮ܣԭѪӤ˿µаǵʶԹں壬մȾѪӤаѪҺڲ֪֮УѪҺɣѪӤаӿʼȴʿΪʱ޷ѪӤѪӤ֮УʶҲԹʼаӶʶ꣬߶֮£֪Լаռ죬ѪӤʶյ֮£ǿҵʶճΪѪ
γɷʽʵа綾ֲӣʶϣ塣
ⲻǼ򵥵ľ綾Ϊ־綾ӵʶµľаʶ򣬼ǳ壬ʧȥ侲޷ʶ
գ̫ˣҲû취ԸҪľǷֹ󱻶Ԥһξ취ԸеѪ
ԤĻΪԺȻʥΪ̺־ںһЩ̫⣬ҪԸѪĻҪҲҪ̫⾻Ψһ⣬Ѫаʶǳ£ѹ˵ᱻƣҵʩչԪϻ龻֡
˵üĿѰҴԴһЩӵȻı
Ѱ֮󣬿ʼͨھ֮񵤡
ڤ˼һŴӶռɳټǰ뵽Ƶİ취ǾаԿа񣬱ͨеСɣõͨٻһʩչϹ
ף
ף
ף
ήҲǣҶⷬʱʼ۳ХҲϢȥ
ܿͿԸоһ֮֮ۡ

ʱ˿̣ҶһθܵϢܿץ񵤣ԤѪӤ󷨵񵤣ҷַȥøʳһ᱾Ƹ񵤣ǻҪǣֹֻѪӤ綾壬ҪֿѪӤʶɣҪҵԽǿԽ̣ͲᱻѪӤʶ
ǣ
˷ܵ뿪ռ䡣
ҶһŶԸİ취
֮
սһҶԼǿߵӰҶһƬķϵĴ½ϡ
ಣ
ͨҶȽӡ֮ƬռɲǼ䶼֮£׵ԼҶȵʵ
ƬռѾҶƿأΧκ֮κ˽Ƭռ䣬ΪҶд׵ĸ
˺Щ
ʩչ޼˻׵Ҷʾ˺Լ֮У۵ĺڰ׹⡣
ҶһӴӹΪڰĴ
ߺͷԼĺڰʶɣѪҪʳ
ںϵսǷȥͬʱҶͷŴƵܣЩܾͳΪ˵ѪϹ
ʱҶȣţϹףΪ￴ȥҶȾǵϽһܡ
֮ķ֣һЩⷽ˵Ҷȳɹˡ
̫֮ڤѹħͷǸԼƣܻͨΣ̫ڤͷźڰƶ֮ʥն
˫ۣҶѼһЩǰռ֮У½ж֣ٶԽԽ죬̫޲ðڲЩȫԹ⡣
󣬿ռӵеĶ𺳵޷Ȼʮ֮࣬й붼һЩС󣬱γɵĶ
ѪӤ֮սΧĲʱգ𣬴Ѱܵ
ʵһƣѪԽԽ࣬հκʳɾһࡣ
֮𡭡
ӡ֮ŷֿ˫֣Ҷȵ֮һ磬ָһͶǰա
꣡
ƺˮûƬʱա
ռ¯
ǸӾ˵Ĵͨ
ȼյĴʱ֮УЩѪȼţѪ׷׷УȻΪһ¯
¯ְѴУЩʵˣҲʹﵽж˲࣬ҶҪƿǺס


2462 ɾ͵ū
ϵر¯ԼӰӡ
أ
Ǵһ¯ڲ㤵Ŀ޺ķë
ʮĶҶȵǿͨһ¯ڲĶʼ¯һа־Ȼ¯޷赲Щ־Ƕͷŵͨյǵ־֮С
ҶҲѹôͷŵ
ôˣ
ҶͻȻţӡֻūֶ
ˣȥһͨ˵ĵūҶʩ
Ҷȵ˵θ㱸һݴЩ¯֮Уȫǵаգ
ūûҶͬռ䡣
Щ䱾Ϊռƶѹ벻ڻ¯֮Уͷа־ŵֺף治ҿҶȡ
ᣡ
¯Ϸūһɨ·ڽӡ֮δһĻˡ
ūȻֱۣһӵа˱ۡ
ˣӵūıǰȻһа񵶳֣ж١³ɰǧͬʱ񵶳ֵĵطҲִѪɫС֡
ЩС
ūǵ飬аټںС֣ô꣬ūѾаĻ
ܿЩ뵶ū룬и񵶰ϸϸһЩ񵶿ɲһķǹ
Ҳ˵Щ񵶣ǵūԼĹɡ
ѪɫСҲ˳ɽ硢磬ҶõūԸǿлΣ
һ˵ūԶӲūĿơ
Ҷٻūԭ
·¯֮ЩаҲֻбǸаſѹǣĨɱҶҪõūơЩа뵶ūںϣõūʵɱﵽһ߶ȡ
ūɵ𣿵ȻᣬΪа
νа֮Դ
찡̫аˣôбȶаĴڣ
ūͷųҶǰһЩҲĿɿڴ治׹֮񵽵׻ǺεȵĴڡ
ūһʩչ龻֣ѹЩЩ˵ǲƷնپ;գ
ʱūѾӵС֣ϼԦǧ񵶣Ѵﵽļ¡
Ҷʾ֮󣬵ūʼӡЩСҲһӡЩ񵶿ʼսԶһ¯
аƽų֣Ϊӡ񵶼¯֮Уûþͼ¯ɳааƣȻͳͳӿūūա
֮ū峤С֣˫ͫѾа񣬶Ҹ񵶲ֱտռ֮еа
أ
һЩӤаʶڴ¯֮зɳǱūҲԵūûаô
ΪΣ
Ϊūû
˵һжҶȵΪҶֻɱ¾޾ɱ¾Ѫֻܴ߶ūɱ¾ūӵิӵôūڿѾܵӰ죬ơ
ҶҲֱնǰԣͲŹЩһξǼɵЩаϾ̫ӴˣҪΪҪʱ뾫һǰ㡣
λڴƬռ䣬ȻһЩ½ʱӣЩ񵤣Ͻѹһٴ
ūԼʼաʳԼϻ龻ƿռ䣬Ѿûκ
Ҷóոƶɵ񵤣䡣
ǿʼɢȥڲԶټ󣬰񵤷ַǣ֮ڱӵпƶմѪҺҲ¡
žսһΧʱա
ϴ󣡡
شЦǺǵ˵ɱõƨʲôѪӤ󷨣һһѹҪɱ治ף
ˣ㴫ף˵ҿԳ׻𡢾ȰѶѹӡʵõūնðѴֿõūøǿ󣡡
ҶһӰԼ뷨˵˳
ٺ٣򵥣Ҳǳ⣡˵꣬ͳʧ
ȻɱֹѪӤ󷨣׵ȫѹѪ޷ҲԽǴ֮Уʱӡ
ܳףûмˣ𣬾һӵͷ֮⣬ս֮УپԸ
ҶȾͲһˣǶĿǣ˵̫⣬еԼ̫һԼصʮ١Ԫ
κһʹüɵ
ʱա

һɫڴ룬һǿ߼æʱԭ۵ˣʱǷֶδڲԭУȴִ󾹿ʼѹսΧĴ½ʱաˮڼ٣
ۿҲָʱ㱨Ϊ⣺ôѵ󲻾ѪӤ󷨣
̽ЩȻɵֻǲ֪ΪΣӵпԿѪӤ󷨵ڴѹӪ
ˡĪǻ˿׿ѪӤ󷨣ĪҶȣõ֮񴫳УĪǻѹѪӤ󷨵ķ룬һӡӣܳŪʲô£
ǣ̽뿪
ۿʼ˫ۣȥһ󣬴ͷ
Ǽڳ˼ҴţĬĬۼڴ֮С
ã˫ۣո׹ͨͷѪӤ֮޷赲ֻвԷӡʽѹӣԵĹ֮񣬾ȻҵѪӤӵİ취
ҲǸոյ֪ʱ֮С
ۣô죿ѪӤҲûжã
ͷǷ׷ɻϣڴʱǽ

۳Ĭˣֱ˫ͫɱµֻʵݻκЧİ취ȥץסʱϽָ֮о԰Χ֮ƣһܹҪе磡

ͷƳ뿪
ҶȡսһսΨ֮ʤߣʸ񵽽ȥС㣡ȼŹս⣬ʱ
󣬴ѹűӡĶȼյĻռ䡣
Ҷʾ£Ѵռ䡣
Щոռ䣬ͱӡץסģ飬ʶаƿơ
ūƴ񵶣ͣа񵶱ȼŶϧЩնΪū

˵ƬռūҶ֮£ūʵѾ֮ǰǿȼţκū뵶ū⡣
ˡ
ȥ
ūմ󲿷ֶƬսĶҲץĲࡣ
ҶȽӡ֮ǰƬռʧˣ񵶱ūͫϵСҲʧˣֻʣһ˫ͨ˫֡
λ
ҶǧټϾ˵ƱػᱬΪǿĹ׼ãӭս
ҲʶսõҶȰ֮ǿʼܹĵذϸڡ


2463 ռս
ʱͻأӭһŤâΧĸ֣δֿռֵâ
Ťâֱӽ֮Уһ߳޵ˣҶʩ񣺡ף
Ҷȵȵ޵˵ӭ£ҹŵᶯбҷȫ湥սô׼
޵ףǣҶ׼Ϊ䣬ҲκԹԣ֮ǰ˵ɽѱƣһڶ
ƴ񵤣ȥңҲ֪֮ж˻ܻ
սһҶҲġ
޵˵õ񵤣þ뿪ˣ֪ҶȵӺأٴϢ
õеĻԪںϴ󲿷֣񡭡ȴӦûн֮һƬ֪ȥ˺δ
ҶȰʼڤ룬еһֱͨ壬Ѿﵽ۷壬һֻžҪ̤Ԫ侳磬ڻԪͳһףֱԶŴ
ӴڵĴԪһ壬û̫Եۼдϸ΢ۼ
ĿѵõԪĵײвϲӦ֮һ岻ˣԪĸ߶ѽһʮɸߣҽ״̬߶Ļնɱκ󶼲⡣
ҶȺܵһ⣬İ幥ԻԪɴ״ֵ̬ڶ顣
ֻռƬȻ޲ԪŲõĵڶ顣
ڵδȥҵʣµĻԪƬ
㱱֮ﻹһЩҲӵеƬʴ˴ԪҪռǲܵ¡
ǧͼнѴﵽƷʣڲԪǴǧͼڴ߶ҵٶѴﵽ˿ɼĵز
Ҷڸ֮еı仯Ȼüͷһ壬Ρ԰Χ֮ɱ׼Ӧսžתܴ⣡
֮Ƭʱǧϵǿߣ̼Ȼֹ
ʧΧִԼǿߣҶȴֳ֮Щٻʮһ죬Ӫ
ͻͻͻ
ʱ֮Ҷٻū֮ʣǰڵ𶯣γɿµŤĻѹȶ
ɲǰգ½ʼҵҡΣˮҲڷڣȻѹѹĵɱ
һ룬еĵǿɱ

еɳӦսеϴ߶תܴ
գۼ䣬ݺῴͷսȼҫ۵սâ
ء
Ƿĺ
߿ֳִеĵǿǣ֮Уò䡣
ɱɱɱ
Ҷǰ߿գʮǿʿޣֱҶɱǸ벻ǰˣǹ֮ǲЩֻҪǶҪնɱ
ϧҶһ֮ʣһŤռЩǿߣֻһ˻Ϊ촷ۡ
ҶͻȻߺۣ㣡
仰ͬսռ䡣
սʽԭ۷ս
֮񣬱Ҳ
䣬۾Ӧ

չȻһ޴ĺӰ
ūȥնɱǿߣҶȼ֣ū˵ūͷаЦȥ
ūɱ¾һͷȫĻһˣɱõŷɥ
һѵȴãҶȻ̧ͷǺӰΪʵֻ۴ʮͷ֡
֣֮ǿɢȥԾӸµ̬мЦ֮ػԶң㡭ҿԿ϶Ҳ
Ǹ£
Ҷȿʼգ֮뿪¶ʱա
׽ͷŵƣ֪䣬˶˼޹
߿֮ϣҶ·ԶսŵĿ֮УͻȻȼҫ۵âɱ
޼ս
ƱӰ죬޼ͬҹ֮е֮⣬ɫâʱϯһ

׹âڸ߿ҵײһ𣬿ռʱͬһ飬о˱ӡ
ôܣķںϺڰǰĴУôҲʩչ˼ҵ
һ־УâƬץ޵ĵƣֱ𺳳֣һâʧ
ҶҲӶг֣޼սһֱȵ˸âӵе޷ģҿʩչҵҲʩչ
̫⡭Ȼѡ
ǲǺڣڵûڵɱң

ҡҡͷ֪˳ɾͣҸӲɱ㣬ʲôɱģ
˻ƣ
ͣ
Ҷ޵ʧʱһƴ౳ɱ
֮ţ
̫ˣٶ޷æâͻȻðһŻӵйڤƵŻ

˻Ƶ˺֮һƾͰѵŻ顣
ץסʱתһƻа˻ƵһըΧռ䳹ʧ˾ȻС
ʧˣԶʱա
оһӱ⣬Ҷ˴棬ͷŵƸӾˡ
ߡߡ
ʴ߶߸޼˻״ӿµҶ֮Уȫ
ʱ֮У
ԭ۵Уһȼյذס
·ԭʮ˽Ҷȵͨѻذ׳֮ʣҶѾɱҺ󷽣һͬؿռ
޷
ݡ
Ѹ͵ػӳذס
ذǰ湥Ļ̣֮ҶȺ󷽻һۻâ
ͣ
µȻ˹칥ҶȼʱǱ֮лУס
ռ䷨
飬Ҳ޷ƣջΪƬҺ÷ˣҪˣ̧ͷɱۣʶΪʱ֮еذףȻǧͼһһ䡣
ռ
ǧͼٶȡΪ
ʱ֮һ̺Ŀռ
ռ콣
۱ٶȾ;ˣҶסѾٴѸײڶ֮ƣӳʱ̡֮
ȣ
ʱ䣬ҶΧڵգں£շ·˲⣬ȻΪνʱա
ݣ
ſռڲһУνи
С
¹ֱοռʣҪгƬΪ۳
ͻȻһУνͬйƤ򣬾Ȼһʼʧ
أ
ֳʱ֮Уشν֮УŤĽռ䣬ûҶȵӰӡ
ռᣡ
ŪףΧƬռͻȻִ״Ŀռ䣬ȫʵʿ
Ӳ˼Ŀռͨչʵ֮ǰ̾ܣգûʣûôʳ
֪Եĵӵߵ

ѴСĿٶȣȫۣоһʯܵпѾԹռ֮С
ʱ֮У
ӳذס
ȣ
Ť飬׷ɱɶʱ֮л⡣
ᣡ
һҶ벻ʱ֮˲ͷͨ
ڹ֮еĿͻȻֹͣ
ô£һ亹
ˣ
п໥ںϣΪ޴ʯ顣


2464 ͨ׹
գţǾãã磡
ʣ
ȻûУǶڴ󲿷˵ӵл࣬Ҳʩչͨ
пΪʯ֮ۻδԤϵΪµһĻŻᱬ
ԭΪʯǹⲻ֪ҶȽӡ֮Χʯֿʼںϣʱͬݣ۰
۾类ʯڲҲա
ȡ
ˣ
ʱ֮ͻأӳʶҶȵͨж֮ͨ˿ֲʵ
ٲʯΪ
Ե߷֪նɱٵǿߣʱ֮ʯɲǣһɶĿӡ
벻ôʵ
һ亹ֱðΪΣ
Ϊʯֻһ㱡ķˣҲһߺ֪ǰıʯǽѳһɶ
ȣ
һȼգƺҪΪ״̬ҵػӳʱ֮УΧʯǽݷ׷׳֮ơ
Ȼʵǿʩչͨɲߣ
״ʯ֮⣬оʯһ
Ҷڽӡʯܱߣһδα֮пЩҪʯ򳹵顣
ǻľڿռŵ֮УżԦռʣԵ죬ͨȻͷš
ǰʯ򣬾Ҷͷ޽ߡߡߡߵľͨʲôûеգ˺ŵʯ򣬾ǵϹŶҲ޷
䣡
ʯݳִ۵ĵй⣬Ȼ棬Ӷʱ֮Уɱͨʯ֮зɳȻôҶѹŴֶܼã
з޼᲻ݣ峾ᣡ
ʯȻۣԷȻԴ飬ҶȱʩչӼ̵߶ɷʯƶħ죬һھͰҪɳ˽
ڲȻǴ߶ʱ֮Уһδιʯ
ǻҺɫʯͻȻ˵ľ⡣
Ⲣǿңʯͷţ𽥷Ŵ󣬸оʯһǳ
ϢƬϢôܳ£
Ҳ۵
ʱ֮УŵУ֮ԻָģڸоЩġ
ʱ֮һλʯݣһξȻֻǳһĺۼ
֮ǰһĿӣֻһ
üͷȻ޷ŵҡͷݵϢѵҶҲһռƬУں֮ͨУԣ
ԭʯ֮еľϢһޣ
֤ʯѾںϱݵʣӲж£
ڤعħֻʵöƬƬܴݣ֪κһˣ޷ʵݡ
˵ʵļ̡
ۿʯ֮ںݵƬϳִδйš
ȣ
ַ磬Χӳεʱ֮УĻǴ̵Լ޷ۣҲĦ֮
߷棬ȻںϵĸͨδܳԽҡ
ΪʣҶռõƬȻں֮ͨС
֪ʵЩݵľ壬ʵҶԼûԪԼʣӸ߼ʡ
ʲ࣬һ࣬Ҷʷӳίʵţ˵ۼһĻ޷ţϹŶ޷š
ݣǴʣ̵Ĵڣûдﵽ߶ȵʣ
༴ߣں񼣣Ҳ᲻״̬ʡ
Ȼһδ̤Ԫ䣬ҵʵѾӽԪԪĸ߶ȣ֮£ҲֻϹŶҪսĿ꣡
Ҷʵжֲ
ԼҲ֪ǵͫɱҲδﵽļ¡
ͷִ֮ͨʯⲿֻ𶯣Ҳ۹Ʊݵơ
ҶҲĺܾˣ˲˼ʣȻҪĴĻԪԪǻԪͷĸԴ֮ҲԻָ
ڻָһ棬ҶҲ֪۶ٱռ֮£ҶȵĻָ˿ɼ֮УֻܼԦ΢ȻԿƾ˵Ҳǧϡ
ȥƾҲϿۡ
ٿ
֮
ŵĿռ䣬Ҷǰͷžʯڲͻأһ⡣
ɲǣҶȲϺˣ顣
ǿʯ򣬾ȻһѺۣʯƿֲֳֻþ֮һ˵ģ
һӵʯ
Ǻεȵ񽣣
Եʮףӵеʮ˵þ֮
׵ǲþ֮ƿߵݣڵ֮У̫ڤʹõķ⣬ûκηڲþ֮ϡ
ս׾ƾŲþ֮񿹺⡣
񡭡ǲ߶սǵûѡľأû񼣵£״߶þ֮ʵҪԽ֮
ԭǲþ֮
ҶΪν˷âǲþ֮Եǿķ
ܱʩչþ֮Ҷȣˣ磬·ܵѹơ
ǰ
þ̫֮ԵҶҪԸĻף߶񼣣ѹۺܼ򵥣Ҳס
һ˭棿
Ϊǿ񼣡
ϧ񼣱ڴ죬Ϊṩ״ԼսҲٻ񼣡
ѵû񼣣ҶȾͲսʤۣ
еƣвþ֮Ҳɱ߶ǧͼ꣬˲ϢͿȥ죬׷ٶȣ
۷һʤսֻʤܡ
һˣ۴Ųþ֮صս˻˭ֵеùþ֮
֮Ҳܺһ
ġ
ƣԲþ֮Ȼ޼᲻ݡ
û񼣵£ҶֻпԼԼͷǱܣǾġ
߶֮ҶȸоԼȼգҲʼӿ죬ΪԴȪ࣬ȻྭҲıз򣬳Ϊе״̬
֮ͨ򣡡
𷢶Ҷȣ
ҪռȻͷžͨߡߡ޽ߡΪɲǼǱʯʧˡ
ҶΧճִľ˫ԽԽ࣬鶼ǣÿһһ߶೤
øᡭ
һѣֲֳþ֮ȻһҶȡ

žĴ˫㣬ʱۣĴڷ
䣡
þ֮һըһЦһɨΧʮ˫׷ױը
նƣɱҶʱЩĴ˫ֿʼ֣ۺ󷽷
ôֻ᣿֮аԴԴϵںϣ
ת֮ʣ۾Χ֮С
þ֮ޱȰҶȴ߶״̬£ͷŵĴжֲ
Ǳþ֮һһ飬ֻΪ˫ֻѰʹˣ벻ЩƬһᡣ


2465 ͫ
۲Ȼŭ뵽ҶѲҶȡΪЩ赲Ĳ
б¾ɱҶȵǺ侲Ѱһᡣ
žžž
仰漤ŭۣæӶþ֮Ҷȵķɱȥ
ٿٿ
ȴǸ˫㣬Ƿ·޴ڣࡢҲ࣬ǡ
ʱ֮У
һδιͽ͵ģɱҶǰ̫ˣҲɵЩ޷·Ĵ˫㡣
ֳһơ
ΪصĴ̳ʱ֮У̣ʱڴ˫㹥ĺ󷽣ҲҶڵգٴξһ޵ʱи֮

ʱҶȶδ뵽ۣʱ֮ˣҺһֱ߶
и֮ݺݽ飬Ҷ˷ףת־Ϊи֮иʱգΧɱ£
ǧͼ
Ҫƴ˫㣬ҪиҶֻͷŴǧͼ
޵һҶƺ˸Ŀռ֮У˾ȻˣֻиյĿ
أ
ͷʱ֮УһҪܵ˫㹥ҶʧӦҶȵڡ
Ҷȷ·ƾˣǲܵģΪ˫㹥ڽУ˵ҶȾΧĳطӡ
ǵýЩ⳹׻飬˼Ը
̾þ֮Ҳ߶ʱ̣֮ͬʱƬʼ顣
꣡
֮У۾ȻɱƶĹжֲ
Ҳװҵ򣡡
ҶƺǰۣĮȻߵɲΧϯĴ˫㣬ֱȺ
ܲסҺܻɣκͨڸǰҪ飡۵Ĳþ֮ɣԵΪԴƬӵĽķ򣡡
Ȼƣľ˵еĲþ֮ġ
ЦһݽɨΧգκδ˫㣬׷飬̺Ҷȴ߶ģȻҲþ֮׻顣
ǲþ֮
ԽսԽͣԲþ֮ΪģֲõȱڣԲþ֮֮⡣
ܲضãȻЩ޷оǱʱ֮Уܻ˵ɣ
һԸ˫㣬ȻûĿĴ߶ʱ֮УʼΧ޵գһʱ䴦и֮
Դ˫㣬޷֮Уþ֮ʱȥҲһԲɣ
߶ǧͼҶȣôܱĿи֮У
ҶΧһֱڿƴ˫㣬Ǵ˫סۣӵвþ֮𣬽ԶԸ
ڰ׾
ͣҶȻҪʩչ汾¡
Ժڰĺڰ׾߶ˣޱߵԪ񹥻ΪȼյףһӾ˫֮С
͡
Ԫ񹥻˾µ
Ҳ⣬˫ס֪׾ֱӽɣһӾɫ԰ס
ЩԭԪ񹥻ʵ幥ԭҪԪ񡭡
æ̽һââΪ籩Ѵߣͬʱȼյס
˿˫ͫڴʱͻȻȼɫĻ档
䡣
ɫ汬֮Χд˫㾹ȻˣҲʧͻȻþ֮
ˡ
þ֮оһӵʶ꣬һâʹзɳ
й߶Ųþ֮·Ҳա
þ֮Ťʧգо԰˫ͷħֵĺڶʧƾձ
¡
֪ΪҪʩչþ֮ǰһ̲֪Ϊʲôһ룬֮ңգͻȻըըҶȴƷǰһŷâ֮УȻǲþ֮
þ֮ĽѹâҪѷ飬ȻҶȵࡣ
ΪΣþ֮Ԥ֪ҵλãҶͷзֵþ֮벻ۻᷢټ
ʱ֮У

ҲʲôѱһɱУ䲻Ļӳʱ֮С
С
ȵи֮Ӻ󷽡Χѹʱ֮еĹգ۾ɱˣҶȸо˼ʱͷСи֮þ֮໥֮ǿ

ʱ֮лвþ֮ĹȻδҶȡ
Ҷȡûɱ㣬´أץסþ֮ϾȻѪ˿
Ҳ˵Ҷڸղһ£Ƶֵסþ֮ʵˡ
Ӳ԰׵ĺܣΧӦѰҶ䣬ƺոҵҶȵټ
׸ղѰҵҵڣ
ҶȼɵԶ𣬸ղһȷ벻Ǽʱþ֮Ѳࡣ
н򣬲ܸϢᣡ룬Ҷִ߶ϸʣʱʱգһʵʣо񽣡
񽣴Լٰ֮࣬鲻Ϻ߶ʱ֮Уи֮и
žžž
һʱ֮ди֮Ȼ޷񽣣ȻЩžâ񽣣Ӳʱ֮в಻
ҶѾĵٴμһЩѾﵽתĸ߶ȣȻ߶ͨҲ
նɱҶȵĺûᰡ
֮УͫȻˣ˫ͷħ֮ζ·ǵ磬ܲ˿
ͫǱҶȶ
ʮ֮⣬ƺͫѾҶȵټ
һȱڣҶȳնɱ˫ͷħ֣ɱ˰壬ͫ޷ȱڣԼϴαҶˣЩʱʱ̼̿š
ͫԦ˫ͷħһֱζţͻȻ䣬ͫ¶Цݣܵˣܵ˵ƣҵ͵һݴ񣬰նɱҶȣõĹ󰡣ǵҰ干ͬĵˣ
䣡
ǰգͻȻһɱըĢơ
ͫɭɭĢƣܿͼ񽣽ֵĳ档
ҶأֶΣջܼԦգӲҵĸӦ
ʼѰҶȵ䣬۾ֱضգܿͳĿ⣬ʱһʧһڶ֮С
ˡ
Ҷڴ߶ͨͷŵĸӦͨУȻһ
ǡϢ壬ǰӦ㣬ǵѪϢӦǣˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶȾΪΰҪˣĬĬؽӡ
ݡ
󷽼գͻȻ̳һ彣â
ͣ
дһѪ
ɶɡ
彣âߣͫ۳ˣԭһĿĵĽۣ벻ͨΪҶȻᷢŭɶſҧȥ
ҶΧҶȼԦǧͼʱдɿռ֮ǰʧȥ
࣬㻹ܣ
ʱͫһͷͷ˫ͷħֳˡ
壿ɶô
𺳵˫ͷħ֣벻ףʱ˿̣ΪγƺҶȳ֡
ͫХԭۣ㲻֪ңǱ֪㣬֪Ϊ˳磿ǶǱڱǣڷֹͨȱڣע
ǰʲôʱ˺ģ
ɵޱȣɲöԸȻʵ˵ɣξģ
̸ϣֻɱ֮Σҿһ˸ɱ˹֮񣬶бǾͲһˣҵ䣬أܷټ𣿡


2466 ֮
ԭҪҺնɱ֮񣿡ʱ׶Է⣬ܼҡҡͷǲǰ
㲻ҪǱҪæ
ͫ벻˲ʶʱļһüһɨʼָ˫ͷħһɹɿ
ಣ
ǰƬգֳҶǱӰӣ˫ͷħֵǿֲ֮
ҶȱƳ֮˫ͷħ־ֹͣһͷͷ֮УƺҪ½Ҷȵȥ·
һƬհ׵գҶۼɱȥ
ͫĪɽۻ
벻Ҳ밵
о밵ذΧ֮УҶȴ򶨡
ҲмǺֻ뽫նɱһ·δһǿУǵһˣֻϣʵնɱ
ããĿԴ
ʱ֮У
ǲ˼壬ҲûѰοֲҲȲ֮
ͣ
и֮ϯҶȣһҶȾȻҲδ㣬ץ޼սʩչ˻ƣͬսɱи֮һץһػӳʱΧ˱ը
þ֮
Ȼ䣬þ֮ϯգ

޼սսסþ֮
ǲ
Ϊ޼սԿ赲þ֮Ǵˣһӣ֮£þ֮޼ս
ͣ
˻˳һץץĲþ֮׹뽣ײϯҶۿʼ־Ȼץסþ֮
ҶȣҳʵȷǺǿҴ߶þ֮ѾǴ߶񼣵״̬ȴûд߶񼣣ԶԿҵĲþ֮
µ˵ұ۽ŵһ
䣡
þ֮ڤƣڤֱ֮ӰҶ𿪡
þ֮ͬҹյǳ

һҶ󹭱þ֮ײ
ʥǹ
ҶԭʱʩչóҲΪ̵ͨʥǹ֮Ҷ÷ҪΪʥǹʱض
֮ʩչΪǿ𣿡һͷʥĹʥǹ
㶼þ֮ȻҲҪǿ
֮УҶ۾һǹһԳš
׼Ϲ֮հɡ
۴ٻþ֮һ̣ȫҶȽ֣ƾȻٴοʼ仯ͨĵƣǡĻԪ
ͷŵĻԪֻǹһЩڰϢȻž⣬ڰں֮һڰɵľͷ
ǻԪǿߣʵﵽǷ켫״̬
ʱ𣬼ϲþ֮Ȼﵽǿ״̬κ֮û񼣿⣬Ķ֣ȻЩϹŶ⡣
ۣ
ˣϺڰâͻȻʼûƣɽӣҲ硣
ããǸɱһɣ
ԶѰֵͫȴЦĺܵ⡣
ƺʲôı
̽һЦҶȣڵ״̬޷ҿ⣬Ҫһζָʤɣ
ȷǵֳһʱ򣡡
Է˵ĲҶ״ֻ̬Ҫʵǲܵġ
̫⡭
ڣҶҪ磬Ľ֮Уʩչ֮
ˣ
գۼ䣬ϵĹ⿪ʼȼգҶۣͨҲΪ⣬·ǹڷڡ
̫Ҳʱ䡣
ͨĹ̬͸ž⣬·ݵľ⣬ǻԪ̫ĻԪ
Ԫ
ȻлԪʿܳƣΪ˹ʲһĻԪҲһ
Ϊ̫ڤ֮Ϲ֮еĴΪĹһƿصԽˡ
֮񡭡
Ҳڲ֪Ϊ֮񣬵ȷ˼飬֪ҶΪչֹ״̬Ȼﵽǿĸ߶ȡ
ϢĽٴγ֣
죡
Դ룬ԪۡѪˣΧԴɽš
Ǽͬʱ˫ۣ׷׳Ц뾪㵡
Ѫĵ֮Ŵһʱ䣬׿⣬޷ٻ񼣣
ϣ㲻õ㣬֮ʲôˣǴǣĴڣεǿ󣿱еˣȻҲǷǳ֮
ȴҡҡͷ̸ЦݣʵڹףЩҲøߴңѾںϴԪ
ôܣǿ̫֮ڤ޷ںϵĴڡǶӲ˽Ԫں
˻һʱǧˡ
ҲûоȥԴҲõĹףǱгԽףڴɣĹ֮ǿޱȣĹףı䣡
̾ڴػ
ңԶա
ââУϵȼȥ
Ƭշ·ǹ
ֻкڰκιҪ𡭡
ͫĴЦΪ˴ԪҲΪ˹ҲҪҶնɱ
þ֮
۶ˣ
ڵ趯£ͬڴʱ˿̣Եס
ǲþ֮֮Уоʧˣþ֮Ϊһ
ֻͨ˵þ֮ڴʱ˿̣ͷǿ
ಣ
ʥǹˣ
ֿȭҶȻչ˫ۣһ̣˼£ת֮ȼе
֮
ɱ·þ֮þ֮ӳ˲䣬ȼ۵ĺڰâ
޼컯˫
ӴĲþ֮ҶͻȻеұ֮УȻǲþ֮컯ȭ
ǿڴʱ˭ҲһƬվȻڰǡ
𶼲ǵĶֻ֣зٻִڣնɱЩɫףΣɱñ
ձڰĹԣͫ˫ͷħǼǵĴڡ

컯ȭþ֮ڹ֮ײһ
ȭͷ뽣âһɡ
Ҷȣûй񼣵㣬ҵĶ֣۷Ӣӣֳµӡǡ
ԶʲôǹѾѹڰںϣȻǺڰĻҲֻбѹˡ
ҶȼԸܵþ֮ҪǿԸʱ̫޼˻ںϣ߶˫Ŀ羧⣺졢Ե޵С졢ҡֻء졢죬켫
ٿ
ҶȭͷͻأŤĻ羧⣬·һͻȻ

羧״̬ʱþ֮ϵƣԼ۷ʱ̫⴩͸
䡭
Ųþ֮һ̫ͬȻӸ߿׹¡
һ̣̫ϯգһƬŵն˹
þ֮ʧȥ˰ƣ۲԰׵Ѫ
ˣ
û񼣵Ҷϣʱ𣺡ܣӵвþ֮ң᲻Ķ֣Ϊӵƿغڰ־Ϊʲôþ֮ǿĵ־Ҳ޷赲
ҡҶȸ˵ʲôֻ˵һ֡
ٿ
һŴ죬˷ݣۺһҧȥȻ׵Ĵ֮С

һͷ˫ͷħγһ¡
ͷħֱϣͫŵɭɭЦ


2467 ֮
һף˫ͷħȥ
ҶеɱʧǿսԹȭ۴ܣֻδɱ
ͫ˫ͷħִΧ֣һڶͻأ٣ҶȰΧ룺ˣ㣬
岻ŹԼҶͷų𣿡
֮ǰҶһͰǲþ֮ץУⱦʱպÿԳΪķ
ˣ
ۿͫһͷͷ˫ͷħҪҶȳ֣˭ͫͷ˫ͷħ֣Ҳ۵ħ֣޴ʼζ
ͫѵиǿ֣
Ҷȣסĳŵչ˺С㣡
˭Ҳ֪ħΪγ˫ͷħڲͻȻ
𣡡
ûҶüͷһ塣
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ͷ۵˫ͷħ֣벿ͻأһը⻪͵ıըħ
ըĹâоһֻ
һֻɫĺ
һֻͬư㱬ըͻȻ֮зĺ
˫ͷħֳűըΪһֻѤƺ˭ҲֲǺ˫ͷħ֡
֮һ̣˫ͷħջΪ
ۡ
ͫűը𿪣һѪ֮󣬺ݺݺȵȻɱҵˣ֪͸ðͷŤ
ˣնɱһͷħ֣۶໹Ƕ԰˵ܾˣͫȻӦ÷ŭ
ɱͫΧʮͷ˫ͷħ
绹˷
Ǽ֤䣬ҶȲ֪ͻȻ˶ŭ
˫ͫһɹϵľ⣬ƤŹϵƣһץʮͷħɱ֮ʱоȻִԪ

ⲻĴԪһơâĻԪӵɾ޴ͷŻ
ŴԪâ֣ΧʲôûеУȻҲ羧⣬ͷ߲Ѥâ
ͫһĻһ󺧣ô֮ЩǳԽĽĻ
ԽĽȻǲĽ硣
ͫ԰壬ʲôûеſռ䣬ǶΪ˽⣬ǲҶΪοڴʱ˿̣Ľ֮
𣡡
߶ơâĴԪҶȵͫ·ֻնɱһͷؼԦԪɨ
໡
ǰͷħĻɵһҧԪ
䣡
˫ͷħֻδҧסԪͱ˲飬ȻǺ󷽵һͷͷħ֣һ˲䱻ͷ֮࣬Ϊ顣

ԪҲĴԪ
ͫˣ˲䱻նɱͷܲٻħֺˣϧһͷħԪײ顣
һ
նɱͷ˫ͷħ֣
Ҫ֪Ա֮նɱһͷħְˣ

ͫš
һ֮Ҷȵϸ㵣ƺ벻Ȼ˲նɱͷ˫ͷħ֣
ӾǣԼ֪ʩչǾһ
ɱ
ͫЩ˵˫ͷħ֣Ҷȡ
ˣ
ȻԴЩ֪ǲǸղһ󲿷֮еâΧ֣ʮֳħ뺷ֶ

ͷųսӡֻɶߵľˣڷ顢ʥ£ʱʱһﵽ֮ߣͬز
ǡʧԶŴս𣿡ʥż˻סҶȣһͫ
ͫ˵𺳻𺳣ֻնɱҶһͷʮͷħſ죬µ·𲻹ܾжߣΡ嫣ҲҪһռȥ
ͣ
鲪Ȼ֣һȭ֮սӡ̫ˣħ֮ǿƺɢ
䣡
Ҿ̫ˣȭͷȻˣ漴ҽţһ̤Ͱһͷħֲڽ¡
䣡
˵ħ㳯ħԴݺݵȥ
ħʵڼ̣ڷ鼸κ£ҲֻҳѪģˣδħնɱħҲˣڷ²ΡΡ

Զŵľ
žžž
ЩҲһͬɱͫԼħɱһ
磡
һǰ֪Ҫʲô
鹭ȥͻȻָץסħֵһԴ
һýŲסԱߵԴȻץסһԴ˿ʼˣ˫ץסһԴ𽥰ħֱ
ʮɾ޴ħ֣վȻֱˣؼȥоڽаκӱ
໡
ħʹֱУĻ⣬ħֵʼ֨֨оͷѡ
ħ
ʱڳһֻ֣ץħѸײڶ֮ƣ˫ͷħ벿֡
¼֮Լħֻ۵һ˻ħ˺֡
Ϊˣͷħſ쿪ʼʳħֵѪ⣬ڴڵذѼ˺ѣȻȥ
սڹս
Χ֮УһЩ˾Ͳ˳еı˫ͷħסڿռ֮вϷеľ˫ͷħɱһ
ΪѶԸȻͫ
ͫ˽֣˻޷ѹǿ
ʥػңŴΧɱЩħ֣ɱһһҶȿҪץסȻᣬͫЩħ֣һθˣȻһֱĸ󻼡
һ͵Ϯȱô죿
ʥʣλٻħϧûоħ󣬷սһΡ
Ȼ˻δﵽԶŵĸ߶ȣϾѲŶã
þ֮Ǻñ׳޷ٻ񼣣ռƣߡ
ҶȾȻڴʱ˿̣Ҫþ֮
пû밵彻֡׽ֵнڽ֮УǧͼֻͷſռƣԪ޷ʩչ
ͣ
ڵ̫һѲþ֮ڲӡʼ̫һ֮УںϹڰ־þ֮־Ӵ֮󣬲þ֮ȿʼ·þ֮Ҳڰںϵ塣
һѪ֮󣬲þ֮ڤƣʱҶȵǰ磬иӦϤϢ񼣵
þ֮ڲҶȵںϣþ̺֮Ǻܾ˵ģĵǵ񼣣ж಻

ʮ˲磡
֮Уڤڲ鿴һż֪ĳ΢΢ﶯһɵڤҲΧӿ֡
ڤ¶㵵ͫ⣬ڴһþ֮Ӱ
þ֮Ӱ֮УƯŴԶǿߵӰվǰġԭۡ
ô
ڤ΢΢̾۵Ĳþ֮־ϿʧԴҲӦ֮еľձҵŻ³ڤУ־Ҳڵȥͬڰǰ־һУȴԶҪӵʧ
Ѹоںϲþ֮
Ӱƿն
ıӦնɱۣںĲþ֮ڵ־Լڵʧ
ˣϷսȻĽ׶Σ
ȥڤعħֻʵ۵˲Ķ֣Ѿƻ죬ﵽĿģʱѡصӽĵѲģ
ڤ͸׸еƣմһӡȻǲþ֮Ӱһ
һлΪ˳


2468 նɱͫ
ȣ
þ֮ϱ̫һںϣҶͷǿҵâںһɻ羧Ĺơ
ǰ֮УʮڶԸʮͷ˫ͷħ֣֮ǰնɱһͷħ֣񣬷ʥ˺ɱһͷħ֡
˫ͷħȷˣ˺壿Ҳɿռƣھӵϸͨ˫ͷħ¿ռףҪ˵ľ¾Ͳˡ
ֱ˫ͷħֵǡ
ͫΧɱ֮УһҲûУȻͷħ֣˵ͫһռƣֻǾڶ࣬ȻҲ޷밵彻֡
о˶ԸͫҶȿԷںϲþ֮֮е
֮ͫڷҪҶȳ֣֪ҶѴڼ״̬նɱҶõĻᣬ޼ɵ
ǲ˵ˣ
ɱ֮УͫȻħڻͷųĺڶɵĿռ֮УӺȻɱ
뷽ʥ󾪣һӡ赲ͫǰֻͫܺˣ顢ʥٴνء
ѵǡ̫ڤ
ʵҶȶԣѹ׵ֶΣǾͨ壬ͫɱκ
ʲ£ںϲþ֮
ǴɴӰͻȻֳһ
֮޵ӰƯһͬԶĺڰһͷǿҵâԽԽˡ
õڰ񴫳еҶȣ֮вſγɺڰӰ
ֵӣơϢԶԶڰ¶֮Ư룬ҶƬ֪̾λӣ޲ľ
̫ڤ
̫ڤϾȻӦа񡢱塢̰ȵȵϢȻǺڰģа񣡡
ֵӵ𾴵ĴڣΪУǲͷһ֮ڵʮ˲硣
Ӧ֮Ҷֶ̫ڤϢںϣԽںԽǾ̫ڤ򵥣ͬơĸԼԶŵİһħĻӵкڰ
ûһǴˣһɺƵ塣
Ҷȴ̫ڤϣҲоϢΪߣȻǺڰаֻӵкڰˡ
ҶȴʱףΪε̫ڤ֮񡢺Ԫ̫ۡһͬ硣
þ֮˾˵ĵ
ںȥҶȵþ֮ռ䣬濴Ӱǵ־þ֮ںϣҲϤۡ
ǸӲ顭
˵Զǿߵ־ҶҲͨںϣ򵽴ԵľѧеĿ޼˻
ںϵĲˣþ֮ǵڲӵдĵԴ񼣣ȷûκηԿȣֻ֮ҲҪһЩϾþ֮ƬƶɵĴڡ
ֹͣں֮Ҷץסþ֮۽ǵ־Ҷںϣһ˽һ
ȿ棬Խڣ
ɱ⣬˫ͷħֻ֣ɱ⡣
Ųþ֮Ҷһս֮Уһȭһȭһͷ˫ͷħְ֮пᡣ
ǿ󣬾Ȼ޵УҲֻܴ˫ͷħ֣ҪɱĲס
ˣ
˿
˼Ҷһӳ֣ͷԪ񣬶Ҷʾÿ
ٿ
ʧȥѹƵ˫ͷħ֣ϺܶطѪƺҲɵһȻչҶһҧ
ҶȸûʵѾԽЩͨͫҲ޷вþ֮
｣ȥ
͡
һȥ˫ͷħִ¿ɺãһš
ֻһ˫ͷħ֣Ҷһħ룬ηƴһҲ߶þ֮ڲǿ񼣵ľκ֮еķҲ޷þ֮Ტۣ
ղһֻԽı̶ȷĹһҶȾҪ߶ڲԵıԴ
ͣ
һʮֹȻ˫ͷħһںڵѪĽ
˫ͷħΣȻǻŵģҶһ뷨ͻȻð˳һͷɱˣҪץסȡΪܣһпӵκ޷ӵеֶΣ
ಣ
ӡ߱һ˫ͷħַӡȻ֮С
һͷħ֣ѹǻὫڲ󷨴ƻһͷұӡħ֣Ǿǲһˡ
Ͼħʲôʶɣʱգھ֮ɽա
ǣȻһһӡ
Ȼ׽塢ӡħǼܵ£ϣܽ׽˫ͷħ֡
ͫ
۵糸䣬Ҷʥǰ
ͫڱʱһҶȣһŭ𱬷Ҷȣã챾һҪɱˣ
仰Һ˵ܶΣб£ھ͸ᣬҲҵĽ£
ԸѾĴɱ㣿ǰɲ̰࣬ηηβ
ϣʤң
ҶȿʼӶþ֮÷顢ʥȥˣԸ˫ͷħ֡
ɣ
ͫˡ
βſ죬˫ƣ˫֮ӿһ޵
ˣ
ͫ汾£ͷ֮ҶڵİտʼսһɫݣҪͫ˫֮С
ҶڿռݣȻͫӿȥ
ٿ
þ֮ƶϣһֱӰͫһӣȻ߶ռͨ˾Ͳˡ
ۣ
գۼ䣬һͫĺ󱳡
֪ͫҶӵпռͨ׼ǱˣĻ˫ҲͫΧ
ͷ˫Ҳġ
¡
̫ͫСҶȵ߿˫ģʱըͫ˫۸ըóΪ˿
һУͫ˫۾ûˣܣʵΪδﵽ˾˳̶ȣôӵҰҰѪҺʴ
ǰǰѪҺԸʴһУ벻һ࣬ȴǰѪҺںǵҵѪ֮УҲǰֻûǵģǶûƣ
ʲôҰѪҺδκںϹ
ʱ֪ͫΪҶʮ㣬ӿʼڣһֱơ
Ҷһǹ֮רſƺڰں˺ڰԺڰҵڣǰڰһǣ
͡
û˫۵ͫմþ֮沿һۡ
ͫ㿴ҵĿռɣ
Ҷʱ߶ǧͼԼߡ
ٿ
գԭʧ
ۣ
ͫΧȻһͬӰҶȵӰӣĲþ֮һͬͫϣʱͫϵǽۡ
ಣ
ͫȻһڶҪߡ
ѵû׼նɱɱﵣͨ壡
ƺҶϵֻͫƻĺ꣬Ҫѡߵģһߣĸ󻼣ԶԸ
ͫڶһ̣ڶ࣬ͨ壬ͬʱ߶ֻͨǺڶʧȥƽ⣬ͫ޷ڶ
ͣ
þ֮ڵʯ䣬̹š
ҶҲ֮컯ȭ
䣡
ͫɱģϴԴˣܻҶȲܸһᣬʩչ컯ȭ


2469 Ԫ
컯ȭ̺죬ʵʣӵҶںϹڰ֮Уγɵ
һ֮ͫǻʱը
׹£ЩѪⱻմϣϹŶԶԿеľ綾ϧЩҶ˵ûв
һЩ˵Ҳӵ԰Ŀռ
ǰɵ壬̫أҲ޷նɱ˫ͷħ֣԰һ˽⣬ʵҲ֮ͨϡ
ԳհӶӵа
ǵѪ֮ҶȵƱػᷢı䣬
߶ͽͫľѪ׷֮С
ͫһڰ֮бȻλܸߣͨħ֣ͫѪҶȻֱӵõ߼
նɱͫҶһʯҲ£°ٲܴڲƻȱڡ

ɱһЩ˫ͷħ֣أ
Щ˫ͷħּͫնɱѾ֮زز˺סһͷһھѪذΧħ֣ڡǵѪ⡣
һͷ˵˫ͷħ֣ܿͱʮ˳Եøɸɾ
¾˵Ҳʼ仯ǳħֵѪ⣬ں֮彫ᷢµı仯
Ҳ֪սʲô
Ҷž֮дôǧͼս
䣡

Ҷʮ뿪գʱ֮Уǰǵ罻սսˮ֮УԼʬ塣
ͷŸӦƬʱճС
սѾƬеĴ½ˮ򡢿ռ䣬뿪֮˫ٱ־սڶǸɱһ𣬴ҪϾһ̫ʵǿĴڡ
Һõūסǿߣһ֮նɱĵ֡
󷽣սӼҡ
޵˴ڷ߿ץסʱӵ󷽿ʼ;Լʬ壬ֱսҲǵʬ壬ڼһķʬ塣
ķ߶ʵģҺֻǼһ֡
һսɢڲͬսķߣԼūЩ䡢ͷսֻһ㡣
Ѿռƣ˭зôһ
Ҷ顢ʥоɢͬսҪ󣬾ͬʱʧɢȥ߽һ־ò˶ãȻˣ
ǣˣʱ˷ȥǵҲһ̱þ޴ޱȣֳħս֮С
Ҷȶ֮Уæ֮ȡϵȰϢ˳ȥҲ֪֮
ࡢ˳նɱһף纺δնɱԷףǷ׷شɱ˵֮ȡʤһ붪ʧսûһ֮䣬սڳţһʱỹ޷
ҶָӦռ䡣
սӲҡ
ڤعħֻʵʵҲ֮Խ֣û񼣵֮£֮ǵĶ֣
֮˶ڣֿԽһִԸ׼ľͷû䣬˫Ȼ룬ǧ䣬ҳ̶ѳ·ս
ռ䣬дӴ׹֮ϴ߶ķֹֻ׹ٶȣٶ˵ʱʱ̿ȱʱʱ̶̿п顣
Դʽ㰵岻ȱڣȥıݣҲɹһռ䣬ֻʱ⡣
״̬ģҵץʱָ
˽ս֮ҶȽʱƣֳ
һս밵彻֣ݣӵиĻֵڡ
ץסʱָһʲô״ȥ⣬еƬ磬Կ
Ϊȡⳡսͷͨսߡ񷢶͹
ӿõںϣҶԵøӰ״̬¶ڴЦݣں֮ͫ󣬻᲻а
֮䣬Χȼգ渡ִ飬ȫͫ
ͫʵȻ٣ڰ֮УҲʵǿĺܣͨˣȼ£ͫѪڻٶȲˡ
Ͼ̶̳ͫȣ񼣷ࡣ
֮һѪڷֻҽΪһεѪҶֱüһεѪ
ѪƤͳ־˵ĺڰߣƺҪҶȵļ⣬ܿͱҶȵľѪѹƣȻԾƿʼա
ȻС֮УһЩѪҺѪҺѾ绯֮Уֻں΢ͫͬİ

մԼϰٵѪ֮ҶѪȻʼΪ״̬ϵȫߣҿʼڡ
Ȼ󡭡ҶȾоԼѪ¶ȡ
壬ͬʬһ䡣
Ѫڷڣ޷ݵҲȫ߶γɷȼջ档
ҶȿӦڻָҲڻָţں֮ͫҶȸоȼգʻΪӿڵĻо⣬·Ϊ̵ּ״̬
仯ǺԵģͫѪڣҶȸо޷ѹͫǻΪŵϢ״̬ҪҶڳ¶ȵѪ
壬ǵѪҺǱġ
ѪůƺҲԤʾĸ𣬰ڰ˹
ûй಻ܻ
ûкڰҲܴڡ
ͫҪҶȵȻǲܵģҶ̺ͬʱҶȻ̫һѹͫʮЧҶѰңԭһ빦Ҫʮ֮ϡ
ʮٴպѹưһͫǲҶȡ
ڣҲδ߶ʮ٣ǿԼաڻͫ
֨֨
֪ʲôʱ򣬴Ҷ¸Ħ
Ҷȼȥֵڲ֮оſԴڿʼҫ۵ľ⣬ԽԽۡ
ѵҪͻƻԪ𣿡
ſԴûҶ֮£ͳ˶ȻҪͻƵס
ʱҶȺúںϹڻԪ侳Ĳ࣬Ҫ̤Ԫ䣬ҲҪſԴͨںϣﵽžŹһľ磬ڻΪӸ߼ĻԪ𵤡
Ψһͬ£ʿںϾſԴȻʼ飬Ԫ䣬ֻҪſԴںϣµĽ𵤼ɡ
Ҫ̤Ԫ䣬ǼʱһΪԪ֣ҵʵϹŶﵽͬĸ߶ȡ֮£˭ҵĶֻ֣а塭
Ҷӿ죬Ϊڲ֮󣬵̤Ԫ䣬ʵﵽĽ۷壬һϹŶһҪЩϹŶνĽһˡ
һʸ񣬱Ϊ֮
Ĺ֮ʵҲǳԽ
ڣԽԽߡ
ͫǾˣһ룬һָʣһÿ̤Ԫ֮գ
ͻƻԪ䶨ףҲзգͨٻ
ʱ䣬ͨ£һѾѹڵͷϣնɱǿߣνǽڽʤ
ں֮ͨҶȾֹͣͫȻͶ֮Уֻգû˿Դ


2470 Ԫ
ͨλҶںϸ
ڴԪܿƣڽ֮ӿԪӵһɡںԣΪΨһʿһеľջΪӸ߼ĻԪ
ôﵽ໥Ӧ
ʿӷ˿ʼУ֮ڿʼӵиľԪʱһջΪͬĴڡ
ҲǻԪ
ÿ˵ĻԪЩֱ𣬵ͬС죬ڻԪ
Ҷ˴ӵиʣͬʱӵйڰҪȳǧ򱶣һɹǱ޷ȥ
Ԫ䣬ֻҪѾſԴںΪһµԴͿԣʵʮּѣ䵱ɹΪԴʱҲҪµĴڡ
Ԫ𵤣
ҶȵĽںСڰߵȵʵǲ𵤣ǲյԴȪ
ʲôӣҶԼҲ֪ǰŽ𵤣˵Ӧǲ񵤣ڽԪ䣬Ҫһʱ䣬ΪԪ𵤡
ںС
еһһζΪ˻Ԫ˻羧⣬оƬƬƬࡣ
ֱѪҺ֮жԪʣҶȲſʼƽ֮еľſԴ
ѪҲֳΪѪɫƣڽ𵤱棬ſԴУһҶҪƾſԴʱֶһְա
ӡſԴʼӡɶâɢӡɢ
ӡĹâ봦ſԴ߸ƯţѾǾ״̬Żɫ
ſԴҶȿ£תٶԽԽˣɢԴԽԽСֱſԴʧ
ھҪʱ
ڻԪµԴҲǻԪһԴ
ǵصķӡ֮߶ڲĻԪʼںһ㣬ܿڲлԪʧˣһƬ˵ľ֮С
žˣҲˣȴͬһһļơ
ȼն𣬺ܿСܶžʧڽ챬
þ֮󣬾Ϊſһߴľ塣
ᣡ
ӡҶȿƣͬӡͻȻӿſŽ֮Уһ̣һһСҫ۵ľûˣֻаľ˸ճΪſȭͷСԴ
ЩԴȥһſˮ
ʵ״̬֮Կȥʵʵľ壬ΪӡںϵЧԴбغ״̬Ż˴Ϊһˮ
֮ԻľſŽ𵤣ڻΪſȫԪµľſԴ
һҶȵԴ磬׾ԻԪΪӡͨƵȣѰǻԪ
ǸҪ£ѽΪԪ𵤣̤Ԫ䡭
𵤣
ʿĸҲػԴıݡ
ſԴҪûн𵤱ݵıҪʿʱʱ̱̿˽𵤣ʿͲȥԴҽعͨûʿ޷ػ
ǰʱΪΪߣһֱΪʱع״̬ԲΪΪ𵤣ȻΪԪ𵤣
ӽ𵤣ӡ󷨡㶼ǻԪҪᷨӡһȫûԪΪĽ𵤡
ֿʼӡĽ𵤱ɢƣʱҶҪʱ̣ԴûгɹᣬҶȻУǽûˣһӴԭΣΪһӵлȴ޷ӵͨˡ
ɢԽ죬Ҷ亹Խ࣬ڽӡ֮ʣҲʼҲԴһڲСԪڵ硣
紦ǽͷŶƣʱȫҲӿ뵤֮УڵĵͳΪһԪԪںϵ
ֱ𵤳ʧͷŶʼ֮еʣԪҶȶԾʡ
ԪԪɣǱȼնڲʧĻԪԽԽࡣ
ԪͷҪлԪûӵеԪȫǳԽԪĻԪԻԪͷվĽΪǿĴڣԪԽԪʵҲȻѹͨ
𽥵ģķԪȻûˣǾϢѪҺӾȫǻԪ
ͷŵ⣬ҶȼֱˮɵĴڡ
ϧڻԪ̫ˣ֮ǰҶȻΪӵдԪ֮󣬴ʱڵĻԪֻдﵽԪ״̬ǧ֮һ
ڴ֮ǰԪԪվͳͳʧڿյģֻеӵлԪ
ǧ֮һ
һҪ͵ϮֻйԹķˡ
ֿʼ߶ߡߡ޽ߡߣӦأ֮иص׷ӿͬţ壬ֱӽ뵤֮С
Ȼ󱻻Ԫա
ҶҲ֪˶ֻ֪ڷ·ʧˡ
ʵʧǱ𵤵ĻԪա󲿷ʣµֻһ㡣
Ԫ࣬㹻ҶȲоȥѻԪΪԪ𵤡
Ϊ״̬
ʱĻеҶڣٶȣ˿ɼΪӵ̫壬ԼûԱȣΨа塣
ǰһڣͳԵƬռ䣬жྪˣ
֮еĻԪԽԽ࣬ͨҶȴӡԪΪ˺ȻʼڣµӡǻԪΪӡһ趯
Ԫʼںϣӡա𽥻Ϊ̬
ʮ׾޴󣬿ϧڲС
γʮɴСƷӡҲԽԽʹûԪâʼʧͬſԴһһž޴ľ壬˼ظڵ롣
Ԫ𵤿ˣ
Ҫ۵Ҷֱҡͷ
Ҫжܿ쾧ֳִƣֱʮɴСľ壬ͻȻСΪһһɵľ塣
Ԫ𵤣ٺ٣ڳɹˣ
𵤣µĽ𵤳ˣҶ̤˻Ԫ䡣
̤Ԫǲ٣ΪԪǻ񾳽һ죬һɱ䡣
˻Ԫ𵤣ںһҪĻ
Ҷ̤ԪԪ쾳硣
ڿյģҪڱͨԪԪͷӵеʮͨȸոսǿһЩ
ظӿڣڵ֮ĵط⡢ѪҺҪȫΪԪҪһ̡
Ҷֽ֮С
ͨ壬䣬ץʱȫͨԻԪᣬŻԪ䡣
Լʮ
Ҷȱ뿪˾䣬ͨĻԪ֮󣬾ͨƸ񵤡
ٴٴο磬Ҷȷһ۾ͿԿ֮Уۿĸϸ΢һ۾ͿԿ죬ռ·սҶһһ
·ĸսҲ纺ơ硢ࡢ̫ʼŵˡ
ͷߣ仯Ǿ˰ʱͷŸӦΧյȴӵк֮ܶУܿ


2471 ˵
仯Ǿ˵ı仯
ϹŶΪټĴ죬Ϊܰ翴ĳ׵ףƿȫ֡
ҶȻδԼӵ£Ժ״̬ǰ磬˾˵ı仯
°ҪϢңǲܵˣ֮£˭ϢҵΧ
ʵɱ̫ˣԼЩţʮֻڻԪ̫̫٣ҪУֻҪﵽ״̬ԪΪѾӵԪʵĽ֮У޵֡
ಣ
ʧգսա
һɨֳһ½Ϸ
䣡
漫ڡšһΪ׵£籾Ƭ½Χս
ǲǰϾ߶ںʣĳЩ棬ѾЩŵǿߡ
С˺ѣ
ԽɱԽ£Ƿ档
ҶȻһָճХһ
ͻͻͻ
ֻ֣ͨоͬĴڶһɿռΪǿĵǿߣˣ˲С
ʩչͨСڲһʱеǿ߶Ϊʬ壬С֮׹
һУնɱ˵֮Уͷ
ףף
ⷽսżҶȳ֣Ĵǲٿ־壬һɱȥ
෴ʿļ˻棬ͷһоͱնɱˣ֮Ļеǹƣƺܿƫһ
ͣ
Զս
ͻȻһƬ˺֮⣬˺ֲ̫֮ˣϰǿߣ޷ֵſռ˺һͬ˺÷顣
ɱ
Ǳ˺֮֮Уն졢ξʮ˷ɳԭһͬ߶˺һնɱôǿߡ
ǶֻԼƣս֮У䡣
ˣһ϶ŲͬƣƣϴѪۣǻԺʽɱĵӪ
ʱһ֮⣬ȻƬսȽȽ
Ȼ䣬׷ӿ
ף
׷ױǹâָоӿڣŷҶΪƬսһ
ҶƯսϿգͷ޽ߡߡ֮󣬰Ƭս֮Уһս֮еģἰʱսȥ
෴һ޷ģΪҶȴ߶־Ƭʱ֮У־һĺȻǲʿյġ
ڸոͻƻԪ״ԲμսʩչԼЩʵܴĸɡ
˳ԼҲץסʱ䣬ڸ߿Ϣ
ʲôﰡ
ˮ֮С
ǧʿһаâסȥ·
аâ֮Уͷĵū
ɱ˶ٵʿûֻ֪֪ԽԽǿƺ˶ս֮УֻԽսԽ£·ʹ
ƯһЩ˿˿֮мһЩѪ˿
Щ˿ǧʿϣǿʼūٶԽԽҲ޷ơ
ÿ˶㵷ڣһɿµȻ䶯
ǴԽ͵Ĺо֮УǰаâڣūϳһֻֻѪɫС֣Ȼֳۡ
һ˱ۡ
ÿһֱ۶ץ񵶣ūʼǿߡ
ͣ
ǿǷ׷״߶ͨ벻һĻˣǵǻȻץһֻֻаѪ֡
ѪץǵţǵĺҲֲѪ֣ÿʿƺΪūһĹڡ
ūǿ֮У趯˱ۣһ
ۣ
ʱһſŵͷ­裬Ǻ޷֮ū֮أֻ
ǧǿߡʱ֮󣬳Ϊһ߾ͷʬ塣
ʬ廹ţսԭϵѪɫС֣˺
ūΧһаķ̳ɣ
䣡
һ߾ʬȻը
ը֮󣬳⣬ǴѪɫС֡
ЩѪɫС־Ȼһ𣬴ԼʮֱһѪ򣬵һ࣬Ӧǵʿ࣬ʮѪɫֱ۾Ǵ೤
ȻǧѪ࣬Сַū
а̳ȼ˵Ļ棬ūѪ죬ʼںϡɷɹѪɫС֣ں֮УūֵõΧȼš
ū޷󣬵ѪӤʮǱūȴҪһЩ˵ǵū츳ƣѪӤֻһͨͨǱȲģ͵֮ҲԶ׷ߵĲͨԣ
̣ȻҶȾ۵ס
ūⳡս֮УʵѾﵽԪԪԪ֮䣬Ԫͷ֮ȻӲūɵˡ
Χս֮У֮սҲڽš
ޡս
һߡ࣬ȫǹＶս˫ͷħɱһЩࡣ
Ͼ˫ͷħ̫ǿ󣬾Ҳ޷ȡ
ɱԵúףʩչħȥһͷǰѵ޻˺飬ٳԽ
Ǿ֮ȫǵܿģҾҲרŶԸжɱ١
֮УҲ´Ѫ⣬Ҳ絶ūһս֮вǿ
ٿս
Ҷˡɽۡ۵ҲǽԼʵ˺ߣնɱǿС
֮𣡡
һ½ϡ
Ļɫë콵䡣
ΧɷǿߣΧɱ
кüĿĵѪۣΧǿΪ࣬һôǿߣʩչԼǿͨ
֮
ͣ
ëŴ֮ʣͻȻΪ˺âѸײڶ֮ƻһǿߡ
־֮棡
ץһ֮Ѹɨ𱻻еĵǿߡ
һɵ棬ʱǰ
㡢㡢ôʩչҵͨһǿôҲ벻ףû˿ϢĴ𣬾Ȼʩչͨ
֪Ǵߣӵи
ںߡ֮ӵʣôǿ

ջΪ˻ҽɱɱȥ

֮УѪƮҡա
һͻȻ١

һЩа飬ѹ֮ţյĻΪҽ
ˣ
һٻ
鱦Դӽﵽ֮ѹа
ٻһЦƣʱһͷɱ
ڸ߿ɱ
̫ˣ˶һ棬ʵѴﵽ״̬
߿֮УҶȰÿһս涼
̫ϤķߣǶ۷壬ΪԸҲһĽ硣
еٮٮߣٻĪȻ۶ǶһĴڡ
ߡ
ҶȼԦĽٶһգһԼա
һսȻҶ׳ֻ֮еߣǿߣҪսĵͷ
аĴڡ


2472 ˫ͷħ
ء

սʱͻȻŽ֮
˱ˣˣ۶䣬ȺףԮ޷֧Ԯ
ƯҶȣ۾սһɽ׷׳롣
Ī׷
ҶͷԪÿһԺ
Թ״̬ĻʿѾƬʱգɢսֹ̣
ɼˮĴ½ʬ塣
˫ʬ弸ѳɽǲδϢս̧һλλʬ塣
ȻʤˣûЦһ¡
Ҷͷһֱӽٶ£һЩ˵֮з񵤣ʼָ
ˣ
ūһһع顣
ҲúϢӦûһӲ̣
Ҷô֮кúϢ
ʱ䲻ʧսҲһһգǵʬ壬Ҳúᣬ˲ϢƬʱգ½ʱؽһʱ
Ҳ󣬾Ӧٶ䣬Ȼˣʵо
ʱҶȲò£ʼҪһԼڴ顣
˫ͷħ֡
ϴηӡһͷħ֣ʱ
һͨʱգҶ֮Уһһӡ֮ӿֳֻþ֮ε˫ͷħ֣ӡýģ֮󣬾޴ռ̫ҵ
˫ͷħƺֻʣ±ܡ
ᣡ
ӡ֮һӡɢָһ˫ͷħϵķӡʧӭħֵȴǻ龻֡
ˡ
龻ѹ˫ͷħ֮ϣħ־Ȼں壬ϵ䶯ϧ޼¡
Ԫ
һŴִͨҶͷų
ԪϵķţרԶŴԸõġ
ԶŴѹһ㲻նɱǻ;ѹΪػߣֻǿ֮սʹá
һ޷һģԪһרŶԸõͨȽԪ飬ȻԼԪ񣬻ֱԪɴԪȻƴ
̿򵥣ҪԪƴǿ֮˵ԪҪǿʮϣοƴ

Ի龻ֵԪ˫ͷħֵڣʱͷУҶȼǿԪ״Ҳħ࣬ҶȷħԪȻǿ󣬵˼άԾ
ħԪһֱԺ֮Уֻ΢΢սԪ񣬿µһʱҶȷ
̫ˣĻҾֱħԪֲҵ־ɣ
ҶȾϲЦȻԼһԪ龻ںϣħֵԪ
ԪȻ־ҶԿ
Ԫ񲻶һ£ħԺ˵־־Ϊһħ֣ʼҶȵԪ
־ҶȶԿ
龻ּ֮ħֵ־ʱħֵԪҶԪںϣֱɡ
ӡʧ
˫ۣסħֵķӡ˲ʧ˺ѵѪ˾Ȼʼںϡ
˫ͷħֵжԵǼʶġ
ֻǹ꣬˫ͷħ־Ȼ˿ںϣֳΪһħ֣ħʵʵſţΪħڰҶȵԪж
ԪħҲеĿܣǸ߼ܣӴֻ֮ҿԼԦ
Ľ֮漣ҶˣȻһ˫ͷħ֡
о治ԺͲҵĹ֮С
뿪䣬һ˫ͷħȣûħֲڹ֮Уκ
ˡҿɲ˫ͷħ֣
ͨںϣ֪У뵽һӡ
һԼĵӡ
ʱ֮С
գ˵ûû㣬ҳĽ磬޷ӦϴնɱͫԼħ֣ʱͺģ֮չ
ںڰ֮У޷磬ǴﵽԪľͷ
ڴ֮磬ȻҲգô˫ͷħֵôģҶһпħ־ֱӴ
ɣ
𣬴һâȻ䣬˫ͷħֳǰռ䡣
ɣ
߶ԪֲħԺԪҶȣħ´־
ٿ
ħһͻȻ죬ʱſһڡ
̡
һĻˣħһȥȻʲôûе֮Уһ߲ʰ쵵ڡ
ԪҶ鿴ħڵı仯
˫ͷħڣʱѪҺ֮УԿ˫ͷħֵҲһޱȴĿռ䡣
ţů
һħںκηӦҶ߶ٴ˫ͷħ
һƬħڣԪħְһǡñҶȵġ
ǱȻޡµǹûоͷ
ҶȾͱסˡ
˫ͷħҲǲֵһᣬǶ˵ȴһӴҶ֮ڣӿִԪںϡ
һҽգħǧ̫ˣ
벻ֽ
ȻˣҶں֮Уããֻ˫ͷħ֡
һ֮󣬾˫ͷħһԴʼʳһͷ­
Ҷ֮Уֻ̰аյڻԪںϣڿʼȼա
ǧ
˫ͷħֱҶģҲˣҶȼʮ⣺ڴﵽԪԪ״̬ʵϹŶ£ǳеϹŶ
ʵճХһҶƿնȥ
صսϿգҶͨںϣٿ֮е񣬼ָò࣬ⳡսʵкܴ߻̤˻Ԫ䡣
ȻûƵ񵤣ԼǵҪָܻ
ƣ
ʺ֮Ҷȿʼϵ
ϴ󣬰ڰæ𣿡ֺǺǵЦ
ҶصʱҪǣȥɽһˣѱ֮ѹ͸һݴ񣿡
˾ͷȴǺܵģŶ֮ϴǿϹŶû񼣵ĻɽɱǣϹŶ
ﲻһѲþ֮𣿡
ǰɱһ֮ģ
ҲõǰѲþ֮ѾںϣҲںϲþ֮ǲжԸ񼣵ˣ
Ҫںϲþ֮װԹδ˳ɹϴѵҪںϲþ֮Ǵ£Ϲ
Ҷȵ˼ＱӦһҪ
һ
Ҷҡҡͷüͷ֮ѹѹһǿԻع磬߶Ϊ޷ѹֻնɱˣбȻҲдԪ
ҶͻȻҪȥԸ֮ЩͻأʵǾһƻõġ
һԶ񼣡
ԵõԪƬһá
ūˡԼλǾúϢ
һҶȾʧȥ
أΧκεʿԵùġ
ϴ󣬺𣡡
ƿնһӰţƺĳħ


2473 Ը֮
ͬħ֮еľɣֻһۣҶȾͷֳƵı仯Եı仯۳üģء
ۣҲ̤ԪΪʵҲϹŶࡣ
ϴþ֮Ȼ֮ܽնɱаĵ
Ҳܴ⣬֮ӵ񼣣񼣶ǱȽĴڣûвþ֮ĶԸǣ
ڳóþ֮֮ҶȾϡ
һ¯óƽС
¯ͷзӡǿʢ¯֮вϱߡ
ᣡ
ָһ㣬ָӡòþ֮ڲӿ˵ĵڤƣҪ߶
޼˻ף
ȼյ׹ʱþ֮Ҷע¯֮Уڲȼĵ档
Ѿͷнƣ͵ȴҶѹþ֮ڲĵ־
þ֮ɲһڲӵ񼣵ڵ磬ܵԴĹѾӵе֮
Ҫѹþ֮Ҫе־ﳼ־
Թδйںϲþ֮ҪΪ޷ӵе־޷þ֮
ҶȴԽԶŴ񣬰ѵںһǿںϲþ֮ģߣԪںϣѵþ֮ܳԽԪɣ
¯ڣþ֮ͷŴڤƣҶȵ־þ֮޷
ƣͷ־Ԫ񣡡
Ҷȸߺһ
ڲþ֮·ĳƣһץһѪӿþ֮ȻԼԪ־ΪӰҶȵƿþ֮
Թ԰þ֮ڲֱҪ࡭
Ѿþ֮ںϣڲ磬˲þ֮ۺ֮
Զںϣڴ߶״̬£ʩչ̣Ȼڲþ֮ϡ
û񼣣ֻƾ̣޷ѹƲþ̵֮ʲʣþ֮ںϵƬɣƷʾһ࣬ĻҲвġ
ȻĻεЩףΪŸɱ磿ˡ
¯ͻȻһգ۾ͱҶġ
ƻ֣Ųþ֮һЩڤڳƤ˸Ѿþ֮ںϡ
ںϳ̶ȣܻҶһ࣬ϾûҶںϵ
һ˵ĸоƸŲþ֮ʮ㣺ҿЩ׻ţû񼣣ӵвþ֮
䣬Ҷƾʹӹ޽֮أͼ˵ĵʿ޽֮ˡ
ҲЩͷЩʿԼнˡ
֮Ϣڸһɽ硭
ҶȸӦһᣬѷֱ֮ϢϢգԼǾͳһ޴Ƶʱա
ǿģǶɽʱ֮УҲֻоϹŶſʩչֶΡ
ЦУϴô죿
Ҷȵôʵǰ͵ϮԸǿУһһֱӺԸҶԸ֮
ಣһʹϷһΣ߶ħ֡
ָֻӡ
ͬһ̣Ҷֱӡ򵥵ķʽԴ߶ǿͨԼƣɿ
䣡
ͻȻֳ࿪ʼѿڰץռ䣬һָӡκһָܰѿռһ
ֹʽǲܳɽģֱûκο赲Ĵڡ
˭
ը֮УȻӰ
ΪǱ֮ǻסľͷµǿߡ
һɨסס
֮ҲˣЦϴЩϹŶǺ磬½ףĪˣ
ȻĪѹĪ졢ЩףΪԶԸǣսһЦ
Ƹֶٺ٣ǵɶ½ȷԸǵģʶͶ磬ߵ³ǵ³
һǵӣֱˣƨǵ⣬ڴ˴ʴʣǸͲö֣ƾЩҲܽնɱǻ½
ಣ
֣ˢˢطɳ
֮й붼ǴﵽԪľͷϹŶµκ˵ҪԸôǿߣף仹û񼣡
۱֪֮񼣣κ׶Ըǣյ顣
С
Щǿߣڱ֮ƻ£磬Ҷȿɲɱǡ
ͨһڵĿռ䣬Ȼʧˡ
Ӱ١
ֻʣ±֮Ż¡
ǿԺúһսҶս⣬ס
ףС㣬벻Žʵ治ǹ񼣵ĴߣҪˣ
֮ҪҶȶ֡
׽ң
Ȼ˳춼ӰһµĽҲӿ
ħ֣
ħ챬һڸ߿ɱһһվˣһ֮ͬС
֮ҲҪˣǷߣһʰ
֮Ϊǳţ»ԭһЩ£ֲñЩףУαҪΪǱ𣡡
ҲϣϹŶʵһ硭Ҷʱ߶̫һԼߡ
ÿսʩչĻ壬ƿؿռ䣬ͿƿһСӦκιΣա
ȭ
֮һϳ֡
žžž
ҶǰɽӵȭҶҲʾ̫һΪһ潻档
һȭһƣռˡ
ɽռҲ֮С
һš
ʵȻǿȻĪ졢˾Щˣ򵥽֮󣬱֮ƺҶʵղҲֻ̽
ҶоֱЩ飬ϹŶұ̫֮𡢺ԪһĴڣʵ
ʣʵֱǱ̬
ûʵҲ޷ߡĪ졢ħ˼

˵һС
ɲǼ֮У˵ƣͬںˮ
ݡ
Ҷȴ߶޽֮УֻҪǱ֮֮ǽϮһ˽һˡ
컯
ֻ֮һҶΪգͷ֮ͨ࣬Ҳ߶ܻͨ޴ڵĽ
ٿ
ͬǽ
֮ʮָָϣȼſµĽâ˫Χһץȼսһɾ硣

ڲ޽׷ױ飬Ǹɡ
ɼ֮ͷŵĽж
ݡ
ӰͻȻץסһҶȴ߶޽֮ʣգֱ泯Ҷ
ϣץס޼սϣ뱱֮߶Ľײ
䣡
ײɲǣΪʵ൱֮һѹͰ޼սҶն¡
ಣ
Ҷȴƾʧ


2474 񼣶Բþ֮
ڰϢ
һա
֮ʵҶȵתգΪ㵣ôܰѺڰƿص¯ࣿ
ΪҵõǰĴУȻȻʩչͨҶȴ߳Եôޱȡ
ܰѵֵز磬ûһˣ
֮һδ߶컯
ŽҲõ
Ҷȳ̴֣̳һǵĽ
ʥǹ
һץٿȻУϤĹʥǹˣʥǹԷͬʱ

α֮δռϷ磬ݺѹŽʱӳԾ½ףʵﵽϹŶ߶ȣ
ûʵԸ㣿
ҶĳХһչ̳һʥǹ

ףɽ֮вɱ
ԽԽԶɽʱգ˴ǣ֮еǱըĹ⻪һһ
ֻײγɵıը籩֮ҶȵӰӣΪǵٶѾ޷
һңԶɽա
һṦˡ
ƾȻԶ֮С
ʵôƵЦΧʱʧ
ֳһ񽣣һֱƣߣ˱⣬±֪ģ
ħ
ɲǼ䣬ƽӡ֮ʧˡ
һ亹Ͽսٶһ޴ɫ·Ҫѹɽ֮С
𣡡
߶һںɫ֮ϡ
䣡ȷһпһɫͳµȱڣӦϿֽһ
ҿã
߿մưЦǺɫϵ׹
ǿ·۵벻Ϊۺ棬һ½ףѹͷŹ
Ǳ
껹ӣ
ֽ֮硣
Բˣһֱѹͷϴ
Ȼһŭ׳е񽣣ħ˫һ֣һԶâ
â֮УԭƯһԶӡ
Ͽճֳȼյ˫ͫǿںϵ껹ӣͶʩչֶΣ뱾Կ
죡
ǻðɡ
˫ַ껹ӣӿڶϷһ׹ħ˫ִ֮ϡ
ߣ
껹ڲһˡ
һԼĳ˳һȥ˾Ǿ޴ɫ
䣡Կ֮еĳ
ˣһ˹һħֱ顣
ÿµ
̣
ˣ껹ӱˣ÷׷飬оĻ׷ը
Ʊ̣ٴչֶ
󣡡
̣ҲһǿǱ껹ӸȻвʣͷĹ
껹ӵӿڣƣһģһɫ˾ʹӿ֮ڣر
һģִӿӿһˡ
һһһһ㣬ųƺɱȥ
ħ̷
֮󣬾޷ˣı˹ģ˻ΪһȦȦ̬޷ܡ
ֵƷ
̱һħƣץ̣ɱˣӰ
ͻͻͻӰһˣ֮ƣƬŵա
벻Ѳ
ֲ֪ٻغ֮
Ѿ۵ͷ󺹣߶껹ӣȻҲûнѹȥû취ֻͷŸ๥
һңԶա
žžžʲôûеգͻȻײ
ıըˣϯĻһһϡԼӰڲɱ֮С
øɱ
֮ŭĵĺȵĽٿȻˣгһ񽣡
һѩ׵񽣡
ֿȥһ齣дƣ֯صĹ󷨡
Ǳ񼣡񽣣
Ҷȴֳ֮һѩ񽣣΢΢һΪ֮еľ
񽣡
Ǽֻ̡֮ŵĳ밢ͬһ߶ȵľ
ףóľâ̫񽣰ɣ֮ٻ񽣣ƾͲһˡ
ָա
â̫񽣡ǵʧ֮ϣ֮ԸҲٻ
Ҷץʥǹ
һιʥǹͬˣɴĻԪɣҲ˵ҶȵʱŶʵ
ҪҲ㣡
ٿ֮һնѩ׵Ľ޴ĽâɨգȥСޱȵҶȺȥ
ʥǹ𣡡
ԪĹʥǹ׷ݣҶֵȼյģһǹ򱱳ͷŵĽâ
䣡
ʥǹнâһ֣ǿƽضϽâ
ݡ
ʱ˿̣֮ʵҲ۷塣
ٶ֮УҲﵽĪĵزոջ齣âҶȣ󣬾Ȼı񽣡
ٿ
Ҷƾʧ
ߣ
֪֮Ҷӵо˵ĿռֽܿеţʱΧһɨ

ϷâճִըҶҲ
ٶռȷˣҪڱ֮ȫ£Լʱ뿪Χʵ뱱֮࣬δԿͷ
ಣ
֮Ҷߣæ
գۼ䣬ҶȾ뿪֮ң
ݣµı񽣽׷Ҷüͷһ壬ִ߶һշȥ
껹Ҳûô£̸û˰ɣ
߿գ·
ը֮УһԾɿ껹ӣ治֪һ۲ۣ֮Եúܱء
ɫ԰ףľˣϹŶˣô֮սҲԲ
ֻС߶񼣣
̱껹ӸϳʵҲ࣬ʶƵĿ¡
ᡭ
գǾٻ񼣡
𣿿ϧ޷ѹơһԸӲסá
ɲǼ䣬Ƶ֮ͫɫٻ񼣣üֻۣͻȻһŤ֮⡣

ͻȻڵĿռ䣬·𡭡·ƾƶһ¡
ѵǴֲʱգɽ硢ʱ֮Уռ䣬ƶռ䣬ǲܵġ
ԥ֮䡣
һ۳ǰоվʣۡ
áæ߶һʥޱȵâ
ͣ
ڵգɭɭضķë
һɲǣƵӰںһ̳
þ֮
ۣҲ֪Ʒ˺εȵͨϹŶҲ˲ʧ
ʱ䣬þ֮ʹš

Ҳþ֮˲䣬նɱ
ǡ
ϹŶϹŶһޱʥĹϹâѲþ֮ǿҲ𿪡
һԶɽڱ
񼣣
񼣰Χ룬վһ̨֮ϣƾ޴ɽ
߸ϣ֮У񼣵âҲƬա


2475 ־
һ˭棡
֮УԼϵھɽ֮УУػ񼣡
ճХףƱ߶񼣣ֻ·һ
𣿡
ƴ߶þ֮Ӱûеķ
þ֮𣿡һб£ĩսնɱһԵףȡþ֮ףҪ㣬þ֮õΣһ޷ںϵķǱ֣
˵ںϾͲںϣ
֪ƹһЦеĲþ֮ΪڤƣֳƵֱ֮ϡ
ܣܣԹû˿ںϲþ֮õ񼣣Ҳںϣ
½Ըǣ˹ʶھͳԺ㻹֮һ㲻ҲĪ³
ſڿӣвþ֮Σѵ񼣣
ðһɣ
ָһץþֳ֮УƲںȴܼɵ񼣣ϴѹ־вþ֮Ҳƻ񼣣ѹ
ԭǵƻ񼣡
ȷþ֮񼣣Ҳһ̶ƻ񼣣ʧˡ
ͻͻͻ
Ԧ񼣣֮кɣٶ֮졣
㿴Ϊ񼣵
ƻһξ룬ȲԸƣӡ֮񼣱棬̵ķ֮ϣȻһâ
â֮ն
ƿɲ⣬ܣշȥ

Ԧ񼣣׷ȥ
ϵ˿һֱѪ
񼣵Ϣͷų񼣡ҵÿһѹ֮ȥƿΣգ
գùʥǹһδ뱱񽣽ҶȣӦ֮УϢһ˸
Ȼͷų񼣡
ԳΪ»񼣵Ķ֡
ʱҷ񣿡
֮ӰɱҶκλᡣ
þ֮
һΣҶȲδı񽣣ۿɭɭɱұץסþ֮򱱳񽣡
ǣ
֮оԾע⵽Ҷеķ

þ֮ƴб֮ϡ

һֱӰѱ񽣴ӱ֮ѣҶִ߶ͨһ˳ƴڱ֮硣
㾹Ȼں˲þ֮
֮ס˿ڣһѽУһ񽣣ȫʧȥ˹󣬷·㱻þ֮顣
ҵı񽣰֮ڵѪľ֮ǿķ֮һȻ١
񼣣
ʥ֮ڱ
񼣡ڵȵˣѹ񼣵־
üͷһҶȾͱ̫ǿˣâƬȫҲů
ȥ˵ůմԴ˽һ硣
֮ϣǸķģԼԶŴ֮־мݵʣҶȫ޷սʤ񼣵ĸо
ӲȣݲģȻݣҲĽ֮У˴ԼԪ⣬Ϊ̵Ĵڣþ֮Ȳϡ
֮վڱ֮УףҵıȻȲϹ񼣣ҲԶǿ֮һǰѲþ֮ȷĺܣӲȣ˲ҵı񼣣ܰ磬ر񼣣ʵѾﵽ֮ĸ߶ȣұĸо֮вСľ룬Ĺ֮񼣶赲Ĺ
ҵȷ޷޴Ტۣⲻûѹ㣬֪֮µģ
ҶͻȻþ֮
ĪҪٻ񼣣ҵȷĶ֮֡ЦһҶٻ񼣡
Ľ磬108˭ǿ
Ȼǹ񼣡
ȼգ
֮ͻȻ߶񼣣Ǿ޴ɽͻȻΪâҶײƬȼԷһеĻ档
ٿ
ˣ
׼ȷ˵ҶȲˣڱ֮߷񼣣ɲǣͲˡ
ף֮ǰ׳־ѵƨ˾ûˣ֮Ԧ񼣣صѹҶڵա
ȴɱ˸գʲôûС
ļûãֶΣҴӷ翪ʼʩչˣ
ҶȲˣ
޴ڣϿͻȻһӰ˫ֺʮҶȡ
Ȼ
ʱײȥ

ҶҲͬʱ˷ֻӰ֪ж٣ѹıٴʧȥ
ǴգȫǸ͵Ļ籩
ٿٿٿ
ûоͷգͬʱҶȡ
ûʵ壬֪Ǻε̫֮ͨˣԼǧӰ
֮ΪȻףҪ߶󷨣ǺεͨɣǲģκͨûЧ
еӾţҲʧģҶȴԶֳ
֮治ˣððҪ㵽ˣʲôУ
ʵҲҪץסᣬñ񼣣Ͼɽ磬ȥڶʱָġ
ҶȻѹ񼣵ֶΡ
Ԫ־
ʱ˿̣ҶȾʼ߶Ԫ
õһƬʼֻʩչΣӳΪ֮һֱδ߶ԪһξͲһˡ
Ǵ߶ԪԸ񼣣Ǵ߶Ԫ־
ΪδԪ֧Ľ
ΪĽ޵֧죬ΪĽǿ
ˣҲ־
ȻҲ108񼣵־һǹԪϻԪػ졣
Ԫ棬ڱ֮뱱񼣵־ϾͨǿԽ뱱֮
Ԫ޼᲻ݣӵе־ӿҶѹֶ֮ΣĿǰҲΨһֶΡ
ʩչԪڸѹ񼣣ǴﵽԪԪ죬ӵй֮޵ſѹ񼣡
龻֣հ־
һ˴ԪԼ־֮Ҷȱһ޴֣֮̾ϡ
֮Ͼѧ龻֣ȷ̶ֳȣѹ˱֮ӵ
ݣ
ͬʱӡһģһķӡ
ӡһһУһɶߵĴԪӰ
ŶϤ
֮Ҳ׼ѰҶȵıץסͲŹҶȣڼԪ壬ͿʼӰ
ˣ
龻ֿʼתдԶâ
Щ֮УȻӵб֮Ӱ
ҵϢôܣôӵôϢ־
֣֮ͱɫΪÿʹӷ֮УоԼϢ־
ţôҶȻƿ־
ɱ
ܵȥˣ֮ͻȻĻң߶񼣣ǻ龻ײȥ

һҶȵӰͷųһԪӰ
ĴԪӰʱΪԭͣͻͻͻؽıΧ
졭Ԫ˽£֮ϳ˫ͫ𺳡

ٴı񼣣׾ܰѻ龻ײ顣
ͻȻͷŵϢ


2476 ҵɲֹڴ
ڶԪӰһѱ֮
ԪǴԪ
֮սؿΧӰλǰӰصһԪ
Ԫʧڴ죬־ϹŶҲ֪ԪǺεȴڣӵлԪƬҲԻԪһҲ˽⡣
Կ϶֮£ûκ˿ںϴԪ
ǿ󣬹̫֮ڤҲ޷ԪԴԪǲܱںϵġ
пһĻȫ߸֪
ҶȾȻԲٿشԪΣۻˣ
֮ЩԶŴӦñ˽ԪǣԪӵ־ںϣʱ԰־б񼣵־ҶȱӸ߿ɱ˫ֺʮȱ磬ҲǱѴԪ˰־ҲԼ𣡡
һ½󣬲ܻںϴԪþⶼǻþʵĻӰ飡
ͻȻһ
𶯣񼣵ƣȻһԪӰǿе𿪣ԪһЩ򱱳ѹȥ
ⲻǴԪʵ塭ֻ־ҵںϣҪȫѹƱ񼣵ȷѣ֮к嫵֮㣬ȫȥҶȱҲ𶯻ζ뱱񼣶Կ
Ǳ֮
֮ʱû񼣣ѾԪ־ѹκһ󣬶޷Ԫ־ĻԪ
һԶԼԶɣݵӲȡ
ֻĴԪԼӵй֮ſԾԵؽѹڱ֮ǿҷ
ҲóѵģԪģϻһЩƬֻںƬˣѹ
һԿ֮󣬱֮ͻȻָ侲
ȼվ˵âʥ⿪ʼһȦȦ𣬽ԪӰٴ𿪣ҶȱҲ𿪡
ӡ˫֣ȻܿҪֿ
һֿ޷ƴԪԼ־
ģ
̫ǿˣҶضԿǴԪ־ڿƱ񼣣ԼӶ޷֡
Ԫģ籱֮˵Ϊģܴ߶Ը񼣡
ߣԪǴ߶ôֲپ޵УҲᱻԪ
״̬ĴԪҲ˵ڶ顣
ֻܴԼϣóԦԪ־֮ѹ

һҶȼա
֮ҶȲȼǴ߶֮ߵΪֲ״̬
Ѿﵽǿ״̬
ͫѪ֮ҵǱȻˡ
ҲһȼգһӡЩ׵ĴӰ뱱濹⣬һ򱱳Χ£ֻٶȲ̫ˡ
Сʵôһᵽôࣿ˵Խҡ
֮ųһ麹һҶȽ֣о¡ĻţΪҶչֵʵֲ̫ˡ
벻ףŽĹףǿȻﵽϹŶһĸ߶ȡ
ҶȣʵǿҲѹ֮ĴԪģʩչı壬֮Ưڱ֮УЦϧԪģԶҲôԪѹ
ҵɲֹڴˡ
Ҷִ߶ߡ޽ߵܿƿһƬա
ʿʼںϣҶ־£ȻһԪ塣

һһȫɡ
֮Ԫ֣Ǻܾȣ㵵ô֮Уʱô
Ǹ㣬Ը㣬ҲһԭǾҿ֮κ֮н֣նҵĶ֣
Ԫ֮Ҷȸ侲෽׼ѹ񼣣Ҳʼͷɷ򣬻֮
ҪЩԪ壬Լ־ձ񼣵־
ѹ񼣣
ӵдԪ־УϾԪǲƵġ
Ψ翪ʼƻᡢ뱱񼣵־
㾹Լҵ־
ϹŶ֮ɲǼ͸Ӧ־ڻţһ֮
ˣ
֮УڷڣȻһͷâ߳ˡ
񼣵ػߡ
֮
ٿ־ܱȥ֮
֮ҶȵճХǱ񼣵ػߣҲ־ƿߣԶŴѪɵĴڣʲô־ѵˣ
֮𾴵Ĺףֻػߣ񼣱˭ƿأҾҪ˭ĺΪջƿأ
֮Ц˵ĺã˵ĺã߶־ٻ־ôԪ־־ȥ

ҶĬˣΪ֮˵ĺܶԡ
Ȼһ񼣣񼣲ɴƿأںϣջһ
־־
Ѿص㡣

𶯣ֻ֮ƯϿգӡ֮ڲЩɽʾȻʼ
˺£
ЩʣȻʼΪһΣʳΪһʯж٣֮ࡣ
ԭ֮У˲˼ڡ
񼣻ζԽԽԪӰһα𿪣һЩϢա
ˣ
ԪӰʼ·𱱳񼣿Ҫ顣
ѣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȵ֮ͫУһϵĹ֮⣬˫ٴνӡʱҲֻóĵƣ
ƣ
ҶӸָӵɫڤ˼һ󣬴˫ͫȻɳһâ
޵Ԫ
ǡǸһ֮̾
ΰĹ֮񣬽־ҶںϰɣԪ־ںϰɣ龻֣
ԴӳΪףҶȾҲδ߶޵
ҪʵĽ磬ҲԪʧȫ־ںϣ޽Զʧ
룡
ѾûѡֻԼԪںϣԪʧˣ޵־ԶӡԪ־֮С
֮࣬ԶǲĴڡ
ɶ񰡣Ǽһˣ˿µԪ񣿡֮溦ˣ޵Ԫڸ߿ʧΧԪӰںϣּ龻֣ܲ
ѹ־
ʱΪâһԪӰ֮УԪӰҲͻȻǾ˵Ļ龻֮С
գҶȡԪ־޵Ļ龻֣˲ڱ档

ȫı֮֮ͻȻ˿Ķ
ҶȵӰһԪ£ǿн뱱֮У֮ɳҲܿ޷ٶһ£ͬһһԪԺ֮С
ҵ־ڰҵ־
֮ˡ
񼣵ʧ̧֮ͷ䣬һԪֱѹͷԪΪԪ
ϧδԪͱԪ顣


2477 ںϱ
ĴԪ
Ĺ֮񣡡
һոսף
ܾƾЩѹ񼣵־
֮־ĴԪɲ֮ѹΪľͷʼȼԼ

ЩʯشɱԪҪԪ
ǴԪ־ӵ־ôޱߵ־
ʯɳã񼣸߿˲仯Ϊ˳
䣡
һԪ־б֮ͷ
־
֮ͷȼյ־ҪѴԪ־𿪣֪Ԫ׹
һ̣֮ˡ
Ԫ־ֻΪһޡһҶȵ־Ӱ׷ɱ뱱֮Ժ
ƯڱڲЩԪ־ڿơձͷŶ񼣿ʼ
𶯣ͷâƣܿͻΪһƽɽİɽ
ûںϱ񼣣
ʱ˿̣񼣵־ȫҶѹ
Ϊ񼣣־δǳ֮뱱֮־ڷʹ־ԶŴ־˲һѡ
ǲ֮ԸΪ֮Ч
ЩԶŵ챱񼣵־Զŷ죬Ԫ֮Զᱳ硣
գЩ챱񼣵־վҲѡ־ԪޡҶȵ־
ʹҶȳûںϱ񼣡
Ҷ֮ǰδ⣬Ͼںϱ񼣲ףҪһںϣǰտʼںϹһõϿɣõ֮ϿɣͨԣܳΪ֮ˡ
ڣ־ѾҶȳֻҪں񼣾Ϳˡ
ǧѷĻᡣ
˽
һں񼣣
ⲻ˽
κֻڿԷӡʹõǿУܱĹâ
ʣҶں֮ôŻõͷţ۱֮Ҳֻܴ߶֮һ
µԤ֮ںϱ񼣣ڶ̶ʱ䣬ﵽ֮ʵǲܵ£ÿ˶ӵࡢ̫ʼ硢ֳŻ
һѪڰı֮ϡ

ٴαҫ۵âڲЩƯʯȻ׷׶ǿʼ£Ҷͷű񼣵־
âʱɳ񼣣ֽҶȵԺ
ںЩâҶʱͰѱ񼣿΢΢һЦЩʯΪȻٴ֮ڣγһɽ
ˣ
ӡ֮󣬱֮ڲеĴԪӰˡ
֮Ҷȹ¡
֮ӴӱǱ񼣵ףڱ͸ıķţӴԺ뱱ֻػĽ磬ά־κʱ򶼲ܱѹ񣡡
ҶͬĴ񣬾ȻҪı֮ķ־
һ㣬һâ֮ڣ֮ںһٴοͷ˷ģӴԺ»Զӷӵ
֮Ƿߣʲô
עһı֮ϡ
֮شˣѾƱ֮ҪʩչףʮڲΪһ޴ķ־УԷĹ켣ɣƵķ䣬ǿޱȣҲиֵ
𣿡
Ҷȳ˼һᣬ⻹ͦ˼һץ
ӱ֮ץһƬѪ֮С
ͣ
Ƥʼȼһ䣬β࣬Ƿиĸơ
Ҷ˫ͫǷĻ棬һ֮Ҷָһ֮оͳһ䡣
һָ߳
ٿ
ʱͷһâȻΪһҶȡ
ҶͷŰޱȵֻƣûнӡֻĿⱬɽ
ʥɽֻؾѧɽˣֻҶĿ£һɽͻȻٶ̫ˡ
Ȼ߹ǷͬʣֻǴ߶һΣΪԴֻط䣬һЩֲñ֮ûʩչߣ
ַַߵȱ㣬ҪΪۡ
ͨ˵Ǹ˭Լȥս
Ƿ߶ҶϣҲõ߶߾С˼ͳԽںͫж̬Լ֪
һҲֻһ˿ӵС
÷ٶһʣ뻹ˡ
ʲԽԽãԽ࣬ҪľȥУѹ
񼣣λ
˲һץ񼣳ΪһâҶڡ
ˣ
ѹ񼣵Ļ龻Ҳʼʧֻʧ֮󣬾Ȼһ޵ĲӰ
ˣ
ĪںԪ֮󣬻Щû֣
ȻĻ޲Ӱ֣־صԺԪ
ҶȰ޲Ӱϣϸϸһ޵ĲӰûʶͫͻȻһĻ棬һ߲һˡ
ԭոںϷδӡʱһͷţҶȼ޲ӰϣȻһ޵ķӡϢ
͡
ӡȻϸоһ£֪޲ӰͻȻһ޲ӰͲˡ
ô£ҶĿɿڴںϱ֮ķ־֮УһزֵķӡôǰΪû֣ô£
һ룬Ͱųһ亹
־ȻطӡƷӡˣ߶ԪĻǶԪػ
ӡϢǿңҲΪߣܿһķӡϢ
Щܣ
֪ΪΣʱһģζΪڵΪĽ磬ʵǡ
񽣻þ֮е࣬ǲಢ󣡡
Ҷ־һᣬȻֻ֣ںϵ˫ͷħ֣ա
ߣ
վ˫ͷħֱϣħֿٵȥ
ϴˣ
ңԶɽС
ƵѪеĲþ֮ʧȥһЩâ
ǰԦɰǿĿ񼣣׷ɱ
û񼣵ĳƣӵвþ֮ҲǴ߶񼣵֡
䲻Ƕ֣ˣҲгˣҲܶγв
ֻڲסϲסˣһ뱱֮ϣһͬ߷˭ѹǣ
ɹעҪѳƸɱŹλᣬûκλˡ
ٺ٣ϴ󲻵ѹ˱񼣣ںϱ񼣣ĽһǿߣϴĪûںϱ񼣣ĽһǿҲϴ󣡡
Цеضſ񼣣շȥ
ףȥ
ҲΣҲûҪɱȥ
Ҳ֪Ҫɱƺܲףֿʼˣıơ
һҲûагĻͰѿ񼣷ӡ˵߶񼣣뱾ίߣڱ֮ʣٳɱ֣ǰмЦ
ӡ񼣣԰ֻҪͣϷӡ񼣣Ȼգúϸģ
úã
һͫȴаЦݡ
ͣˣ֮ңͣҲеĲþ֮ģ޴ġ⡱ת


2478 
Ԧ񼣣նںŵĺڿ֮г֡
ףȻг⣡Եʮֵ⣬ƺһж֮С
˭ñ޷ٻ񼣣þ֮ģһҲãͣúģʼ硣
ˣ
滽񼣣˫һϣ𽥱ޡ
ϴ˼ףб֮뱾ڣû⣬׼ڷ硢ɽ罨֮ԴߵҲǣ
ŵ֪һҲնɱ˼ףٺ٣ŵѱɣ

ɫ΢΢һ伸ף
Ǵ°ѾռϷ硣
죺սڳһѺ󾢲㣬ǽоߵصػ֣
ȷڵ̸һʵڲУһص
ߣȥںڰ֮УûжԸɣ
ֻԱ֮ƣٽ٣硢ɽ硢Ȼһ㿴ĽƣǵʵҪһΪԼı·ҲӦڵӵһ磬һͬԸ٣
ҪܱԱ
ܣͻȻҡҡͷһЦΰΣİˣ˫ͷħɱ죬ʱ硢ɽ硢ԼҪ𣬶أڵûʩչ
ѵквɣƵɴӡ
Ȼ
ҪѳȻʮ˲̫ڤ񼣶ģǣ񼣣ҲʹԶرֻڵŴڿɹʮ˲Ժ̫ڤʵ½٣ֱ䣬ʮ˲ѾΪһƬ磬ȻȲ硭̫ڤʮ˲ǹδԼ˵֮еƽ٣
˵ȷҵĵһҲк˽⣬ϧ뿪硭
ǰ̫ڤΪ˵Զڣʮ˵ڤԣһҵʮ˵Ϳ԰ѵʮ˲绯Ϊһޱȵ磬һģһ
ôܣܱȼ죿
ҵҲţһ룬ʮ˲ʮԪһֱյ̫ڤ֮עĻʣݾͺܼ̣ʮԪ֮ϴ£ΪεȵĴڣ̫ڤµʮ˵ʱʱ̶̿ȡĽľԴһҲ˵
ƴ󾪣ƽٽ٣硢ɽ硢һһƽٻ𣬾ʣµԿƽһ㲻Ǿͻ߶ʮ˵ʮ˲绯Ϊһ磬̵ƽ٣ѾĥһҪȹƽٵİգһϣ
ƺóƶ˼ӼȣΪĸûյԿԿ뿪磬ܺڰٿ磬䣬ϴԶŴս˫ͷħɱԼ磬ĥٵĽݣٷʧԴ״̬赲ɱ˫ͷħ֣Լ𣿡
ȷܡ΢΢ͷ
ǰʵˣȻβΪԼѰδ磿Ҳ˵ܻӣԽһµ磬ֻҪŵȹƽ٣µļԪǻõΪµ磬ףа취رļ񼣣
ЩѾ񡢺Ԫ۵ϹŶûߣҪôʲô
ҲҪЧ̫ڤȶȹƽ٣Щ񼣣ƬݣµļԪ׵Ľ磿Ʒ򣿡
ߡ
ƳĬʵͷЦôԶ磿ѵĽ飬ǰװɥȺһ
ƣҵˡ
ʱҶȵ͸
ٺ٣
ͻȻЦһȻҪؼ񼣲ǲܣԱݣѵţ
ֵǵ仰ף̫ڤʶˣ񼣣ʮ˲ǿ鼸񼣣һԽʮ˲磬ʱˣĴ񣡡
˵֪ⷬǲ̫֮ǰƴ˵ţ˿ӿһʺѪҺ
񡭡Ц뱱֮뷨Ǻ档
翵ĴڣԴﵽģ
ͣ
ͻȻ䣡
һ֮У󣬴̳
ͬϴγƵһְ֮ͱһѪӡ
񼣱ģ
⵽ͻȻϮƺ֮ǰδ񼣷ӡֻѹƣϮʱӿӲӵ񼣹â

ǿƣҶȴӺɡ
ϴ󰡣
սҶȽסʱ߶ܲӣһУԴΪΣ
ɱڸҸף˭ôʱ䣬ɳĸ߶ȣҶѪ
ɽҪʰֵÿսһƻ𼱻ǡ
ǺǣǾ˵ˡӦúܿõ
Ҷؿ˳һۣƸżˡ
治ףǺ˶ƤӺͿˮ˵ʧȥģأ
ɶף㾹滨У
һն·۷â֮¡
֮Ѫ֮ǰƻδֶָһˣ
ףʵڲţù񼣵ĴߣҲ汳͵ϮһУ
Ҷ𽥿ҼȻӦ֪ζʲô
ɫһ㲻նɱ֮ӵбȿ񼣻ǿı񼣣
ҶӦһϢܸӦҲ޻˵
Ȼͷһ
ԼͻȻһ˫ֻͫвţȷϢˡܱնɱûй񼣵Ϣԡ
Ӧ֪ղлᣬնɱȴΪƫƫһҶȱ
㡭治ס
㿴֮³ˣ
Ҷ̯ģһһӰ֣Ȼͬľͷ˵ı֮

κ֮ľͷû˿ɫ
Ѿҽ־һ˰ˣ
ӵб񼣰ѹ־еù񼣣ˣʱҲҶΪβɱԭ
ҵֻ㣬ңѾѹκ񼣣֮־ϹŶͬǰܵͷƿǣҪϹŶҲɱ㣬ϣʰ׳־־
ϴĻ˰ɣп񼣣Ҳ޼£
׵ĻȻȴ˵ʵڤ粻顭ֻܸһЩۣ־ؿ񼣣Ҷѻ˵ĺס
ͻȻڴʱӵš
ţʼʣãԸع磬Ըܳͷ


2479 
Ըع硣
仰ҶҲð亹
˫Ҫ֣ѹ֮е£ֵ˷Ѷʱ䣬پ
ЭҲҪڽ¡
Ҷȴ߶龻֣ͷ񼣵־־Ҿ͸ɣĪѾ׿꣡
ﰡ
ΪһϹŶԼġںϣõĽ־ںϡ
ڵĲ٣;
ʵǿּ֤һǿ䣬߽⣬ʼȻᡣ
ٴʰĲ־
Ҳ˿ı仯Լڱ״̬ı־ȼգһлΪʧµ
񼣣־
ѵĳХһ۾ϣԼâһ־âͻȻ־֮Ӱ˫񼣵Ӱ
ںϣ
־Ҷ龻֣񼣵ѹʿ־ϵسҶȵǰͳͳ־磬֮ػӴԺ󣬿񼣵־Ҳع硣
ֻƿߣҶȡ
ͬʱҶҲһֵ־ٴں޾磬һ޷ƿؿ񼣣ҲԴ־֮У񼣵־ڿʼڻع
Ҷӭص磬Ǻڰģ˭Ըȥ̫ڤڰܵų⣬ղȥӱģҲϣ磬ƽһ٣ܶƽҺܻɣֻŽĽ˵ĵлΌѣ
ڻع磬һ繲棬ʧҲʧȻһᾡԼڣε˵
ڶҶͶأԭҪѹˣҶȴûнֻǰ񼣵־
ϾҶɱѹոѡ񣬵ڸɣٱһĪ죬һãһ
С
ֻҶͻȻһץȻٶӰƿն
ԭЩͷǸ汱֮ǿߣȴҶ֮УĿռ֮УҰл˫ͷħֿƣЩ˳֣ҪԸ֮Ͳˡ
ǡ벻Լǿ߻š
Ȼɱǣƿذɣ
ҶȰЩǿٴνƿء
â֮УǿҲҶȳɵ뾴塣
ϴһô죿˹
Ȼǻ磬ȥռ䣬Ը
Ҷ˵꣬׶ʱƿնȥ
ص磬ҶȾټз߻ϡ
ͬʱҲ֪սû֮䣬нһܣǵ֣һʧأ׳֮󣬴ŸڤĴϡ
ռ䣬ΧޱߵʱգƯѪ
ս
ɱ
Ļ֮£սƿն
ƴ\â֮ۡĹѪߴԶǿߣȳս
Ҳָپͷɱһ
Ҷ÷ߴ߶ո֣Ͱһսɱ
ռ֮У˾ˮ֮Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢տɷһ֮סһעս
ҶȡƳ֮ϲټ޷ţͨҶȽŵ֪֮䣬ػĺϢ
Ҳ׷׵֪ϢһԴ
ҶƾȻɱ˱֮
·ĳһʱգںǿߣɱͻȻõĴݣɫʱˢס
ΪܿĪ죬ӵ񼣣֮󣬱ȻĽһǿߡ
أ
֪Ҷû񼣵£նɱ˱֮һ·˲ֹͣ
ҶʵҲûٻ񼣵£ѹ֮
Ҷֲܣһġ
ܶκˣԾԾɱ˵ŭ𣬺֮뵽е̣ĶڵѪ
ÿˣıֶΡ
λס
һɱ
ҶȡơףǿնɱһѪ·ռǰʮһ׶ԸϹռĵǿߡ
һףԶԡ
ܻͺãҪ㣡˾˻ӭ
ƣҾռ·õĥ
ҶͻȻתΧɱսռĵǿߡ
ٺ٣ðɭɭЦ
ϲ
ʱֻҶصЦһ̼ӡǰͻȻһڶ
ǡ
ռڲе֮ɣ֪ǰֵľ޴ڶǱ鶼š
ҶȴλףҲõģǰѹ˫ͷħ֣պԸ
ѹ˫ͷħ֣
񰡣
һ𾪵޷ϡ
˫ͷħֵĿ£˭֪նɱħֶףҶȾȻѹ˫ͷħ֣
Ϣһ˲䣬ʮ֮䴫ڲͬʱգÿһ֮޷ŵ֮Уһʱ˭š
񡢺Ԫ̫ۡۡѪԶŴҲҶ˴ͨѹ˫ͷħ֣Ƿ׷ͶԼռ䡣
Ҫ
ڶֳ֮ҶȾƯ֮ע£Ӻڶ֮γһͷ˫ͷħ֣εҶȽ£Ҷͬķ١ͫһ߸վ˫ͷħֱϣڸ߿շ衣
˲䣬ûκ֮ɣ˶ڳĬ֮Уƺףһ½֮ΪϹŶ޷¡
ǡ˫ͷħ֣Сģ
ҶȼԦ˫ͷħֺռǰһЩǿ߳սӡ󷢶ϧӭǵǴ˵еħ֡
ٿ
˫ͷħͻȻʱһҧ
ʮǿſռ䣬ر˫ͷħǿ죬ڣҶȰд߶˫ͷħɵ׷׽ڡ
һҶȾۺޱȵκ޷յĿռ
˫ͷħֿʼǿ߷ίʵֲһȥռͳһҲûˡ
ɱ˹ף
ͻȻ䣬ʵĵͷΧһ
ƾֻ飿
Ҷһץг˲þ֮
۵λ֮
𣿻ҵ
þ֮һͷĿɿڴ
ҿûУ׾þ֮ںˣף
ܰ˭ԼԦ̫ڤס׶ǹôںϵıԴ
ռڲƿطףʱȵͷҪе˼飬׿ںϲþ֮
ҶȵŲþ֮㱦Ǻǣþ֮ѱںϣҲڵҲΪ꣬ص
䣡
֣һͬΧ֮ƣ
ֻΧϹⷭڣƺڱڣƺڷڣͷųɱ԰Ҷ֮С
̫ˣ
ֻҶƵĻӳвþ֮
ݣ
µֱӰɹп
һˣ
ңһ磬ӹͷͷ­


2480 
һ裬ɼ
ͣ
ӹռ䣬ռг룬ͷſռһֻֿͬҪռڵĵʿûһܻ
ǿϲþ֮˿ɵ
սǿ߽սǣоռп֮ŵϢĸһ
ħ֣ɣ
ҶѪ󣬵ǵɲϵӿ
ٿ
˫ͷħֿɲ࣬ԶĲ̰ҧռ䣬ÿһҧȥʮǿߣԼռЩȴճΪҶȵڵĻԪʱʱ̶̿Ծٶȳɳš
ȥ˫ͷħУҶȼڶʱ̤ԪԪϣ
һռ䣬ҲͷŲþ֮κεǿߣ޷ԽƵĿռ䣬ƻ󷽴ռķ
һʮһڱ֮һһֹһִ硣
ӣֻӡ
Ҳ޷޲ȱڣΪû˿Դﵽĸ߶ȣһľʡ
սҶսѾʼƫ硣
Ҳ׷뾡ػصİɱ졣
䣬Եͷ˵ɾڻҡ
ĩսеڣ硢̫̫࣬ٵʱ飬ٵĵʧ
޷ȥͳơ
ˣ
̤˫ͷħ֣ʮǿƳ֣Ҷûκεǿ߿ͻȻ䣬һ
ţƵףҲ׷˸Ӧ
ոսףסˣ
̫׳˲䴫ÿһ֮Ժ
񼣣
񼣡ֻ񼣵һͬյ񼣣ףһոսףȴڴʱһս֮Уˡ
𵴣ڲҲڻζоڿͱס
ס
Ҷڿлϣ鶼ʮֵ䣬ȻײرϤǴӽ֮󣬴Ҳн
벻Ҳ֮䡣
ľǡ
ͱոףӰս
纣
˫ͷħܼĵһҧȥһͨ纺û
ԭ纺ҲŸɹ˵ϡ
ټ棬á
纺ͷųĺǿߣ缸ͷȻǺĺǧ֮ࡣ
Ҳٻǧ԰񼣵ǿߣϳơҶռǰһ᲻ɴݵķ
սֳǧꡣ
֮ӸսǻʤģʧܵףռԽԽࡣ
׶ѻع飡
˲ÿԺ
ԶŴе׶ռΧԼڲӡ֮С
˵ӰʵسÿһԺѾûкԮĩսսʧĸأҪסشǴ糷ˣ
׳ˣԽ֮Уܻ䣬뿪ǣҲҪסľ
˵ЩϹŶڴ֮Уػ߶һ񼣵ĩսƿأ
ʱڳ֮Ǳ࣬ĩսսʼˣʵҲĩսʼʱ
ԶŴսٵ䣬ս֮顣
ĩսȻﲻԶ̶ֳȣһĽ׶ΣػἯ־
սȻʼɢսʿƶ
ռڲѾһԶŴӰػӡ
գ˾ˮ֮Ǭ𡢺Ī졢Ͼʿʥʼ졢桢տɷ̩𡢽ٳס˻סš̫ʼסơࡢԼҶȵˣ֮
ԶŴѾе֮
ϧ񼣵䡣
ڳ񶼼ʤػ磬ҲҪػ죬ػ硢ɽ뷲硣
ȴ˽ֻܵ
ʩչӡ
󷨵֮׾һʩչӡ
⵽󲿷֮ԣϾʿӡ־ںϣȻӡȻ񼣵ʱܸϹŶѹڹ죬һ֣Ҳ͵ڼӿʧЧٶȣ
ˮ֮ʾͬ⣺ʵѾռƣ㿴ףѾһӵвþ֮û£ҲԴǣʩչӡֲӣȻõ񼣵ʵҲɱ
ϹŶҲս˵˵նɱеʿҲ⡭Ǭź̾̾
仰˵в׵˼
ԭһʵǾԳǴһ޷ȫս
Ƕϣǰǰ̣ȻڳֶԸֱɱ
ʵġ
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻ䣬ڵ̾
һâڵһ
ͻϮ
˾һ󣬷

Ǻӵǧ󣬸ӻдǿߣǿʼ׼Ͷս
߶һһʡ
䡣
âͬʯڷϣһδαըͷĿѣ

ӡͻȻââըգ
Ӫ
󷽸߿֮УڤعħֻʵۼϹŶһϹŶͷڿƴͷ
֣ڲ׶ڱۣħֻʵ۰пڤ
ڤʵ˵ʲô
Ȼǳ˵Ļ⣬һЩһֱųˣڼ֮ԽԽ࣡
ˣǿ磬Ĵ죬ԶŴսǶ޷죬޷ɱ죬޷ɱսڿҡҡ׹ܼȥܻ磡
˵ĲǾͲһĿģǵȱԸʵ֣
ǼĥʧøֻҪֵܼ˫ͷħɱʱǿعʱ򣡡
֡
ΧϹŶе޳ɣҲеĲ޳ɡ
֮ڤѾ޷ı䣬ǾͲ̸⡣
عȻͳڤΪλûж
ʱҲ벻ͨڤʱüͷ
Īɱʥڤۣ˽ԽףȻ󡭡ȻԼռʮӶƿص
ʮûϹŶһͬͷƿ־޷ҵÿһģ뱳һ
Ϊһȥûκţ
ҹǾڤǣٴ׳ֻҪ˵ҵʮ˵·ӡڤٽףͿԳΪƿߣ
ļһ
Ŀǰǲõ㣬ڤ˵ѪҪӦ޵ʮ˵Ҳܳɹûһﵽ̫ڤʵǿߣҪҵʮֻЩϹŶֲ
ڤһЦǷݵʧ


2481 
ڤ̫Ϊǣ
ϹŶһ֮սٴȼա
ҵĽʿǰɱ
֮
ʧڤĴϹŶշһǧǿ޾ֱһȥ
Կռ䣬ȼս⣬γޱߵĵڤƣտʼ죬ƺ־Ҳͷŵս
ɱˣǿ
󷨹Ĳٵ
ʮ֮˲ǰƺĵĸ߿ʲôҲûУݺյĵˡ
Ǿһ
Լֿµĵŵǿͬǵضʣͷ
ػ磬־𣡡
־𣡡
Ҳʧˣ׷վһſ
磬Ѿҡҡ׹ҵſܶԿƽ٣
ͻȻֿһռ䣬ڤعħֻʵϹŶʮףٿȻɳ
ಣ
˾ˮ֮ףҲһɳ
˫׼ľͷ߿
ǣ
˫ھʮԶ߿ͣһףƺӪ֮Уʲô˼ľ
֮ڤϹŶҲһ㵡𺳣ͫ˸ɻ
ŵǵĿ⣬Ҳࡣ
ҲԵס
ơ纺Ҷȡ
ھͷͬѰĿ⣬·һλס
˭
ڲ²⣿
̫ʼ˽˵ϸףҲΪҪ˳ֱ顣
ʥڤۣһλֱӻһָ
һеĺڰʧֻй׵Ŀǵ֮ϣҲŹ֮еĹ°Ӱ
֮УΨй֮ӵвĹ
ҶȷƵƯڹ֮Уʵδͷ̫ĹϢֻĿֻĴڣҲֻڹâ
ʥڤۣ
һס
ڤŭʥڤۣ㾹Ȼѵ
񻹶ɻ󲻽⣬˭֪ڤһЩףƺ֮ǵʥڤۡ
ع𺳵ȷʥڤۣһģһȻѵ磬ΪĹ֮񣡡
ŭȵֲ㲻Ͻ磬翪սԭѱѵҡһ䣬뿪ͳΪ˹֮񣿡
ϾʿȻһŭʲôǵĹף
Ī񣺡԰ǵĹףôǵʥڤۣƿصǰõȷһ׵ΪʥڤۣôǵĹף
˭֪໳ɵЦһ
ףͻȻҶȣ·ϣȴһ𰸡
ҧһ࣬дϴǿ԰ͲΪʸ֮ģ
ˣ֪δޣܷҧһڣԻץסᣬǰҲ
졢ڴɵĿ£ҶȻһ߳ơ纺ں󷽽档
λ
ʵҶȶԣݳڵ˫ֻʱ⣬ף˵Ĳҵȷǵʥڤۣ
Ȼͽ޳СˣǺ޲ھͰҶʬΡ
ʥڤۣ
ͬҲԸţõõ֮Ĵߣǵʥڤۡ
߸˿ϵ
ᡣ
˵ǶԸҶȵĻᣬ߳ȻʥڤۣҶȰ벻һǿݣʥڤۣԵȴ񣬳Ϊף
ɣ
Ųţ治š
ʲôģ
̫ʼЦ׻˵ĺã֪֪治֪ģѵǣѵ׸ϴ
±£ȲҪԣˮ֮ԴΪء
ֻͬ׵Ļɣ
ǬҲʱץסԸҶȵ˵ĻᣬҲһֱδǶԸ壬ԸҶȵˣȻǵʥڤۣ˵ı粻ľ棬ͳͳɵģ
һʺӣһӿ۵ҶȵԴϡ
пᣬ˵ǵı濴Ҳϣʱ򣬱߽Ӫ
ʲôı˵磬͵͵ȡ񼣣ѹ񼣴ȥҲʼųҶȡ
벻һԼˡ
عھͷǵ⣺¿ɺãڲ߽⣬ǶԣǴ£
ʥڤֲۡþڤȥûϢԭʥڤ۸ڵ·ڤͨһֱɻ
λʱֶԸĹؼʱ̣
˾߳ͷױȵƣǵõ֮񴫳еĴڣѵɹ֮־
˾ߵǺܻڵǬҲҪѴ˾ȥ
ι
ʱͻȻЦеҡҡͷϴĻû˵꣬ʲôŶǸλһЩ£ֻʵһ½磬Ƿߣϸ˵Ƕߣڽ֮ǰ˫ͷ죬ղλ׵˼еζ
𣿡
˲е⡣
ˣ
ʱ˵ʱҶλױȭҲģˣ
ٿ
ڵףԼͷ֮ʣҶ߶޼˻ףϵĹϢʧ
ΪˡһĲͷˡ
ǡڰǰһЩףʱϳҶӵеĵϢ𺳡
ôܣ˿ںϵ
ϹŶعĲǵһӵе޷͵Ĵڡ
ˮ֮ȵ񣬸ޱȣǰôͬʱںϵĹ̫֮ڤ޷ֵز
ࡢ̫ʼǬŷҶȵһǶ⣬Ҳ벻ҶȻܡ
ҵȷǵʥڤۣͬҲĹֻ֮ʥڤ۲ңǡҵķڷУ䴳һǶɽʱõڰĴУΪұ㽫һֱڵУ벻Ϊʥڤۣڵ֮Уڵߣ
ҶָıϢϢںϣʱ̫һ֣ϢȻǻ羧״ּ̬ͣҿʥڤۣǹףҵķڰһֱδںϣ˵ǵףʵҲǶԵģһֱУҶԣʼվǹף
ƽŴһȺ۵ļһϴʲôҲǵ۾ϴҪǶ粻ͻˣ
ףԭһֱȡҵܣ
һȻ֪ܣǸ
ҶԵ쳣İڤعЩףΪԼ˵սǼϹŶɿ翪սģڤɳڤ½磬ף
һɺԣôܶԴײڤֻ½籣ף͵Ϯħֻʵۻˡ
׼
ڤӵȲ
λףսһҵ£ҽԵõӡ֤ڻŽһ£Ըɣ
Ҷڴʱͷų̫⡣
ɲǼ䣬Ϣͷų
ףûһ˻ҶȵݣΪԶŵĹ֮־ǲµġ


2482 ս
Ϊ磡
Ҫɱ
˾ˮ֮Ͼʿףǵơ
ɱ
ɭɭһ
һ˭ҲûԥһɱȥµǿߣҲͳͳһʱɳȥ
ͨ壡
ǻڵȴͷ֣ʱƯڸ߿ա
ҶȰд߶ͨ壬Ϣ䣬һͨƿնȥ
졣
Դռ䡣
ͨ޵ĳ֣Χһͷ
ף
ԪȷҶȣȻѪаϹŶԴʱ֡
λ񼣣
λҶ̯ģһâзɳâ֮УĽı񼣡
ղǲĵ񼣣벻ױˣԪۼӱ񼣡
Ҫִ֧ʱ򣬶һѹͻһ֣ɼô񼣡
λ
ڹͬʱ߶ӡɽ
׵񼣶ɽ֮УڴģΨ񼣿ͷǿ
񼣹λ֮󣬷ѪҶȣ½һУǶ֪ˣںϣѾԶŴ񡣡
ףķȻǵʥڤۣɷͨʵ
Ҷȵڽ͵λεĩսʵǵ׵ı⣬ڤعϹŶΪףսڵסֻзսһӣԵ޷ڤȵǿߣȡ֮õ̫ڤĵ
ԭˣ
ֻнڤȵʿնɱ֮УԼˣΪΧ
ҵķһֱڵߣҲ˽׵뷨ʵ̫ڤƺҲԸⷢԶŴսĴ׸ӲԸ翪սʴ˵ڵ׼Ҳ취Ըڤȵ棡
ԭҡ
Ȼ̫ڤ̫죬Ͼף̫ڤܵżմŵ񼣽ʮ˲һֱҲδΪУڲγĦԶŴս̫ڤ˵δμԶŴսģ
ЩȻţֻս˵ǵҰģ
ڹ׷ֱۣԪٴοڣҲŰ
ѪףҿαػصԸ㣬һҪСģ
λģĽвңǲõɱ죬ƻ
ҶȵȻƿնȥ
аĿҶȥͬʱ̾벻̶ʱ䣬ѾӵϹŶǲף޵һͨģ
ҲײԤ֮ӡ
һϹŶһʱĬˡ
硣
û󷨹ǿɱһţɱ
ˣ
һֱڵȴȴͷɱ
ڣڤףһԵľͷɱ
һսǣû񼣵ȫʧȥƣһսҲ֮лкܶ䡭
ˡ
˾תÿһףΪ䣬ҵĹ;
ɱ˵ȼž˵־һͬӭͷ

ս룬˫ͷƿֲؾһΧռ飬ΪһУȻоͷ׶ա
ռֿϣ󲿷־ͷص֮С
䣡
һֵףŴͷɱ˹֮еס
մը˫׾ɱһмɱ֮С
عͻȻףžͷǹɱˣ
ǣ
ףʮֲľͷ
ع
ȻһͻȻع

عǵϹŶִ̫ͬڣʵԶԶǰеס
䣡
׹˲䷢ը֮عڸ߿նԳֶ
ԸعȻ䣬һڵɱ
úãȻֻϹŶǱĶ֣ϲҲʸǱĶ֣ɱǼ
տҪ
Բ񼣵ĲȻϹŶʵ֮ǿѾ֮еٮٮߣҲ񼣱ԶǿսɵĴڡ
žž
벻һҲУԷϹŶû񼣣ռ˶ơ
ɱոն֣Ͱռ飬Ҳһͬգһʱ䱬ҫ۵ıըâ
ΧҲǿ߽֡
ڤعħֻʵϹŶľͷһ׶Ը֮һˣԵ˼֮⣬ûǵĶ֡
ף
ħף
Ҷȿ𣬰ĵףɫࡣ
ףʮλͷƯΧ׼ϾͷѾһϹŶĴڡ
סħԭһʮ˲֮һҶȻǰδǴĸ֪һ׶˽⡣
þ֮
ٻǿþ֮
δ־óǿɱ¾
ҶҲץסþ֮
סħΧͷʱ𺳵޷ţǡ۵Ĳþ֮
Ҫȡزþ֮Ϳǵʵ˵ǣҲҪҵĽ£ҶЦ
ݣ
ħ״߶þ֮һɾ˵ĵҶΪģٿȻµĽâ
¡
Χռ飬ըҶȲ֪ʲôʱ򣬴һƬг֣˿δܵħ׽Ӱ졣
ٿ
״ҶȺ󷽴̳ޱȵĲþ֮
ಣ
ǵףռͨҲܾˣҶȷϢĿս
ҶȸӦжྪˣ
þ֮ոմ̳ҶȾ͵նߡ
ɶ񡭡벻˿µĿռͨ˸գͻȻһոߺСģ
ۣ

һѪԹ߿գһͷѰҶλã֪þ֮ڵʯ䣬ʹ̴š
˺󣬷Զ̹
ħ׳ˣҶ׾ɱһͷǸ޺ѽ
ʣµľͷ˺󣬿ѱ֮ͬŵзë
ܲˣ
ħͻȻһǰһγɰΧ֮ƣеĲþ֮ʼȼգִڤơ
ҶҲ߶þ֮ӡһ־˵ĵڤơ
㾹Ȼں۵Ĳþ֮׳Ծѡ
ķʥڤۣںϲþ֮Ҳ֮Уɱ
ħһͬһӰ

ո羪Ӱ
ÿ˴߶þ֮ʼձһ֮ײմ
ʵȻǿ
ν֣ҶѾ׵ʵ
סħû֮ǰĿˣҲҶǿʵһףһҲţҲû˿š
ݣ
콣֮ͨбͬڵĺ󣬶ҶȾǺ֮еһۣ뾳жա
С
ʵ̫࣬оҪγɽȡ
ҶȿʼʩչСֻ߽֮ϣŻӶþ֮Ѳٽ˺ȻΪŤ״̬оչֽң׷׹䡣
ಣ
ӳΧ㱻˺һӣҶһ


2483 
ݣ
շɳħ׷ɱ

Ҷȴ߶þ֮˫ָڽһĨɱʮ׾ʱΧĽ
˲仯ΪС
ݣ
ƬվȻǽһΪ˽Уͬ˫㡣
žžž
סħ£Ϊͨ˾ûˣ԰Ենþ֮
ȷ
þ֮ͷų޼᲻ݵĽѴ飬Ҫ׻ལ֪ǺֳִĽ
ײʶѾҶص֮ͨС
ֻǿʼ
ʱ˿̣ҶҪԼѹףߣйȣ
ǣ
޵գڽΧʲôûе֮УȻسִʣ飬Ӱ
ںһڽΧ˺ʵʱݡ
⡢⡭
ܣǲܷ顣
סħ׼գת۾ͳʵʱݣ𺳵˵տʲôûе硣
ͨӡ󷨡ͳͳܵ
ؼ֮ϡʡ
ҪʣҲ쳣ѵģǿἸ׷ΧڵʣǾԲգΪʵʱݵĸ߶ȡ
ǣɱЩݣ
׿ʼˣʵѹҶȣ벻ҶȻ˾ͨ
ԪңʵѾ۽ֵʱʵ࣬ҵĶ֣
ҶȴݵĽӡҪ׳Զˡ
ȣ
ʵʱڲĽ֮Уסħַһͨþ֮鲻ٽڱ֮ϡ
ֻǳǳĽۡ
ҶʵĲࡣ
Ȼҵ֮УǽעҪѹйȡ죡
ӡʽı䣬ҶѾȫ߶ڵ
ǰеʵʱݣ˲仯Ϊɫıݣмɺ񣬶һһЩݰľ⡣
ಣ
һĻˡ
ݰУӱڲͷųɳâȻһЩʼΪտ֮󣬱ݿʼøӺʵڲռڿʼС
Ҫװڲռ䣬ΪʵʣһҲͳױڱ֮С
ߵ
Ȼߣ࣬Ҳڶʱ䣬˺ʵ޴
ںߡ޽ߡߣ
ӵл壬Խ࣬ȻԽԿƸĻ
ɶ񰡣⽣ѾѶԸζ޷飬Ǳݣ̶̳Ѳɴ飡
ħױ棬Խ
ŹɱۡһţϾʵ࣬ڿʵѳǡϹŶһĸ߶ȣ״ʱҲȥǻϿʵʱɱ
һҲһ³
ѵ񣿡
ѵ㻹бİ취
һ߶ҵ꣬ԶԼԶںһ𣡡
ð亹ͫ͸ս
Ȼ޷꣬ǻԻţħҲһı顣
ˣ
ûѡ񣡡
һӡ
֮⡣
Ҷɲڴ߶ߣҲں֮Ϊʣ˵һѡ
䣡
󷽣ͻȻӿһƬâ
üͷһ壬ҶȾ͸ӦʮͷӺ󷽷ֹֻͣӡһ
ͻͻͻ
һɵϮĿ겻ҶȣǡԲεıݡ
ԭ
ҶȼæʩչСϧֻܻһֵǱݱ֮󣬴ڲͻȻһâ
ǿдڲѱиһӣħǱɱһĵҶȡ
ף
ʮͷգ۴Χֶ
񣡡
ͬʱӡ
סھͷԥ
ħ׺ȵǷģҪΪƷһսףǵɵģ
ǣ
ھͷЩԥҲͬķӡȻһŻһõˡ
ڲͬµƣҲͨǿʢ򱶣֮
ƾ޶Ըң
ޣҶȵһ뷨ٿסħ׵Ⱦͷðűɱ֮Ī޻ʲôɣ
໣
վԴʼѿѪ⣬벻סħͻȻѪ֮С
ˣʮͷҲһͬŤ˲׷Ѫڲ
Ŷ
һĻҶȾȵ˵
ȣ
޵Դʼ仯ΪһѪγɵã沿סħ׵沿ΧЩͷ
Ҳʼͣﵽʮɾˡ
ʮͷںϡˣֶΣҶȴʱǾȣ𺳡
һź幦ֻǲ׽ںԼ֮УǰԼԸ׸ޡ
˵ʲô
޽Ϊȫǵ
þ֮
Ѫ沿ħ״һֳ˲þ֮ͻȻԾ𣬾ʧ
ٿ
ٴγ֣սԾþ֮ȻҶȵͷ

ٶ̫ˣҶȶӦֻþ֮ͷ
þ֮ѹһþ֮ϣײƣҶȵ壬ɫʱ԰ף۽ǾȻѪ
һУҶȾˡ
໣
˫ѹҶȣѪͻȻſѪĵâ
С
ҶȫƣСɲǱ޾ҲͻȻζһ£ĵâҲ׹ҷա
ಣ
˶˫۲ն²þ֮
ֹ̫죬̫ˣҶӵиѾˣ
֮ʯ
Ҷٴδ󣬶׷ᣬԶǱԲαݣƾʧˡ
䣡
ٴγѾϷΪһֱһĽɫǿƴ϶£ϡ
ͻͻͻ
ɫòͿնȥ޿ʼԴײɫ
ߣҷҪѹˣ顢ʥ
͸ںףԼʮͷʵȻﵽϹŶ߶ȣһҶʵࡣ
ھͿˣ
ˣ
顢ʥâ߳Ͽʼ仯ﵽ֮ߣҲþӡ
ƺҲ޲öԸǿ˫ͷħֶնɱĴڣҶʾ֮ͻȻ·ȥ
ӡ
޻ڽɫ¶ո֪޸Ӿ޴ķ顢ʥͻȻͷŴԶűӡſ˫ۣһ˰סһ첲
֮顢ʥƺԼԦǿޱȣһ˫ͷħ֣ҲѾ˲ڽ¡
꣡
顢ʥǾеٮٮߣһֱҶʵȻ죬Ҳо˵һɹɶĵѪ
Ѫ顢ʥͷ̵ĸʴѾ˷ıӡԼƤ˲丯ʴ
ɱ
סħѪ֪Ŀ£û޵ѪҺʴˡ

ʴѪҺʴƤ˵ѪҺԼͷ˵Ѫɡ


2484 ǿѹ
ѪҺȻ޷ɾ
סħ𺳵̾
ۿŷ顢ʥֽްסѪ֮˿Ҳ⡣
ħ׺޵ֱԪꡢ綾ιѪӤ󷨻ҪһЩ
֮
ִ߶µͨ޵ǰغͻȻѪ֮֮
⡭Ƕ֮
ҶȲż֣ΪǵֶΣ鱨Ȼ֪Լ
Ѫ֮ҶȾƺ˶֮
ͣ
Ѫ֮ͻأſ٣¶ݣѪ֮УѸ͵ش̡̳
ĿǷ顢ʥš
ѹ
̫֮죬˿ҲҪԿҶӡƯϷĽɫͻȻŽ⣬Ϊʵʱ
ݣ
һҶȴ߶£ն̡
ݣ
ѱո֮ȥ

֮ȥƵģѪ֮οⱦ
ڱ棬֮Ȼ쳣Ӳ޷նϡ
ˢˢ
סħ׼ҶȾʧȥ侲֮Ѫɫ֣Ҳסʥ˫ۣһ
𿪡
йȣѹ
ϧΪָɣ֪ҶͿϷǳɫ˲ûһƬɳûޡ

ɳ˲̡
¾γһ黨黨͸žʯ޵˫ۡ˫šطס
໣
ſѪ죬סʮͷһͬ񡢱ĺ
ӡ
𶯣Ƿ޵ʯڲ
顢ʥٴγңӡס޵壬Ҷȵ˲ްһЩ
Ҷ䵭ߵҲòϣǿ󣬿ϧĵңڰںϣպÿǣ
ˢˢ
ַ֮һ̹Ҷȡ
Ҷȼ֮󣬹ϻӳеĲþ֮

̫Ӳǲþ֮ȻҲ޷飬Ҷִ߶Ԫ״̬ʼﵽ߷塣
Ʋһˣһնþ֮
䣡
һһϣ̶ʱըһЩѪɢգҶҲմһЩ
һ̣Ǳþ֮飬ѪҶȵϣҶֻǵһЦЩѪʼʴƤ
Ҷȴ߶ѪͰо綾һһøɸɾ
ǰɣκθʴ綾Ҹûôﵽ۷Ҷȣһ
ӣ
סħ̵ҶʵսЦţס񣬴֮ɳܿСնΪ
Ǵ۽簡
зӡ˵ıӡͱˡ
ںϣ
ʣ֮ڸ߿տʼ
ǻкεȻУҶȴż֣ǶԸõĻᣬڵȴҪ
գۼ䣬ٴγ֣ѪԴˣΪ֮滹סħ׵ģ
ٿ
֮Ѫݡ
顢ʥѪݺȻը̫ˣﷶΧڶǿ˺κʵıը
ѪӤ󷨣о綾пµ仯̬ƺյԽ࣬ʵԽˣ
һ̣Ҷȵó˽
йȣ
ܵȥˣҶҪնɱȻ߸ףסҪԴ֪Ҳи
֮ǰסʯٴλΪɳΧճָʡ

ٴһѪݣҶɵޱȣЩʶըɳֹΪ̬
䣡
ʱ֮ȫǱըһƬһƬҶȿƵɳȻըɢҶȵĶͷҲðһЩ亹Ͼûжٲ࣬˿µĹҲһӰ졣
ҪԵѹֻԸǿ״̬ģ
񹥻ȫֲ̫ˣЩѪݱըѪһմϣȻᱻɣ֮Ужܿ綾
ף㿴˰ɣɣԶŴսʱڣҵȱվǴ߶Žնɱ˴ԶŴ񣡡
ȻŽһֶΣҪǵʿ굱֣ԶΪķϣٻΪ˻磬ڣҲ䣬صһֱǿ˯ȥ
Ǳը룬ħ׷ĳХ
ΪսԸꣿֵ𣿡
һ£Ҳ׼ӡӦƬա

Χ˴ʯС
Щʯͬʯ̣һʮɳͬһӣΧ߿յǣҶ˫ֺʮ֮ʯȥ
䣡
ѪݣըΧʯУһΣҶȰʵ߷۷壬ѪҲ޷ըʯС
ۣ
Ѫ赲һЩʯУʣµʯգմĶ
ʱѪʧˡ
հ
֮УͷŶʯУӿĵѪҺ֮еףŤš
йȣѹ
ЩɢƯΧʯУΧ񣬻ΪݣΪһŴεġ
龻֣
֮һֽٶ񲻶ת̫ӿڣԽԽ
ᣡ
ҶȿʼӡйεΣ߶Ԫ֮ʽʱ֪ףзߡ
лף
ԭܣϧУ
٣٣
ʮǵ˻ӦԭвٵͷѾ߶ܵش
ԶŴֵľҲ˶֪ˡ
ΪǸꡢյ壬Ķ֣
ħڻ龻֮вĵźš
Ҷ뷽顢ʥʼ񣺡ǹĻκаħᱻѹֻԼԼĵģѴף

ͷս֮
ǵԪеһУᱻںϣллǵĳȫɷ򣡡
˫һģ龻ּתĵâҶȵ˫֮С
𽥱СٶȲˣϾѾﵽϹŶҶҪգҲҪһʱ䡣
ʮͷꡢ־Ҳձ龻ҲΪҶȵ֡
лб֮ǱҪ˵
Ҷ뵽˱֮ǱϹŶҪĻǽǶྪ˵
ղĵʼָʣһҶȾͽ顢ʥգԼһԣһץ
Ѳþ֮Уʮ˱þ֮õ񼣵ƬƶɣҪõеĲþ֮ʱڤƿص
þ֮ǾѲþ֮пռ󲿷ֵĲþ֮
Լʮȥ
顢ʥһâ룬񳹵ʧˣסħͷҲҶȵС


2485 Σ
նɱ׺Ҷ̴ŷ顢ʥս
գص磬֮УƯŴʬ塣
ţ
ո׼ȥռ·ȴָһȼϤϢһӦиϤϢ
ʥ
׽ϤϢ֮Ǿ㵣Ӧ֮󣬲֪ϤϢԭʥ
޵ռ䣬ɲǼǰ߿ճּǿߣΧɱѪʥ
ȻʥʣݲŶټԪ
ǿ߶µĴڣսǾ鷽棬ʥ޷ġ
ǺĽϧȼΪۣ
ʥǿΧɱȼΪһˣ߶ޣһʱǿ޷Ը
ȼնã
ʥ½һ֣һֱ£ʥӦµǿߣ
룬Ҷһ裬ƿ֮ɲǼϯƬա
ٿ
ǿ߲ˡ
ʥ֪˺£ȴڰնɱǿûᣬץһԲػһ֡
Ҷʥ
ǡ
ʥƣնɱǿߣϵ濪ʼʧһ߳Ҷȣտʼû˭ɼҶȵʱϲȭлף
ķǣ֪ҶȳΪ˹ף֪ЩϹŶжڵҶȸϳ
һжҪˡ
һʥʵﵽ˻£ϧڲδٻԪ˵ֻǸ֣޷Ϊǿߣ
ӦʥڵΪҶȴż꣬ͬǷߣ޵ˡֶۡʮˣѾ̤Ԫ䣬ӵߡʣսٳʥʮֹ
ʥʵսֻһ³䣡
ʥҶȾ޷ǵΣԼĶ顣
׵ټķ߹֮סͷ֣޷ǣ
ǣ
ʥΥ׵־ҶȻǹףһӡ
ಣ
ʱ֮ʮߴս֮зɹ
ȻϹŶ֣ΧҲۼߡ
Ҷȡ
һʥԱߵҶȣˡ
ףĸֱҶȵ֡
Ҷ˱ȭҶˣؼ⣡
ףĳΪˣ
ԽԽƿնһҶȲ𺳣𡢵ѵ
ʥλĸҪҶȣǿûȫ
ڣҶȣ
еķأ
һʱҶһɨǰֻһǧλߡ
̾Ϣףս֮ʱʱ̶̿䣬ɻҲ֮ǰ䡭
ɹ֮½磬ֻɻʣеİɻȻ䡣
ЩߣҲǺս־ⳡս֮УҪʧ
໹ǰʵӵһЩ񼣵ϧޣҲδ̤ԪΪ
ҶȱֳĬڸӦϸ
ʥ˶ڵȴţĲ֪ҶʲôǼ˽һֱأֱǼ˶Ϊ֮ڷ߲֪ж಻
ϧûץסᣬδ͡
ǵΪѾⳡսû׼ֻ䣡
ҶȻڣڷ߶
ɱ
ʱǺ󷽼Ƭ߿գͻȻӿĵǿߡ
ڷ顣
ǵǻָƣ
ҶȵͫһУǧǿƾʧһŤȫ֮С
Щ񵤶Ǻа
ó䣬ɹ֮Ȼһӣӳˣ֮ǰЩǿߣӣ滹һʺǵ󷨣ǵԸԵɱǲǵĶ֣
Щףڷ߼
޷Ըĵǿߣѡرܣ
ӣԺ̺ӣҶȻڵĻԪ벻٣һͬÿһڡ
ÿһ߶ӵлԪо׶ˡ
Ԫֲڣڿںǵ߽ƿػԪԻԪΪԴԼմĻԪȻںܶʱ䣬ǾͻԪľ硣
ʥԵԭ׵ǿʱ֮У
ҶֿʥУķǣֻǽһ񣬲ϧԼĻԪҲҪǡ
ֻʥҶȿǰѣ˺Σ
ڴ˵óԭ۵ʱ֮нʥ
ף⡭ʥĿоöһ£֪жô
ΧЩߣһĽʺޡ
ʱ֮ʮѾڻеĵӡ˲ںϣλϴ߶ֻҪ׼Ķ֣գս֮κοܶᷢڰѹϢǣ
֮ҶͷŴѹϣֲÿԺ໹ûˡ
Ըð취ǲҪγɣ
仰ҶȾͲˡ
ˣ߻δڣҶȾͲˡ
ҶȲǺԵ±ԹʵؽȻзߣǶס
ռ֮¡
Ҷȸϻ뷽顢ʥ棬޸߿ոսҶȸоƽٽ٣ĩѾ١
ͷųһ磬ռӡǰ
ףʱͽ㱣ҵȻҪػ
Ӱӷӡ֮нٶ
ҶȭλǰģҶȼȻͲõٴƻ죡
㣬ˣ㿴ڲ׹磬ѾоȱԼݷҹţ˫ͷħֿڽһʱ䣬ܻܿȱڣǴݷɱ
ǻжʱ䣿
ǧ꣬ꡭˣ
̾̾Ӱʧȥ
ꣿ
˫üһҶȺһȻֹ
壡
һɱ޷ֵԵֵһʱҲֵסһҶڰ壬һ֪
֪жħ֣Ӳ֪ӵжֵͫǿߣ
Ƿǿߣ̫ˣȱڣϹŶ޷ձ֡
ӵǿߣһ飬ɱֻлĽֻһ³
벻Ľѵֵزֻһ취˵ֹ׹磡
ڤ˼һᡣ
ಣ
оһ֣ͬǿޱȵĵū
ˣūǹ¡
Ҫ󣬲õٴƻռ䣬ūεҪ÷ǿĵǿߣ䣡
ҶȷԸȥ뵶ūʱɳռǰ֮ڵĸ߿֮УȻҶȴͬķӡ
Ѫ֣Ҫе
ӵūϣɳѪЩѪ


2486 ػռ
ͷų֮󣬵ūͫʼȼգѪΪ˿״̬ҶվƵĴռ֮С
Ǵ󣬵濴ȥռǰʲôҲûС
ΪҶûд߶Ƿ󷨣ֻƬռ䣬γһӵ֮Ȼռ䡣
׼
һӰҶȵߡ
£
׼
ǬʥŮ׷ɱҶȵˣջǱҶѹ
׼ƾȻﵽ˻£Ϣ֮ŻԪϢ
ҶȳĬʵĪҪˣ
ҶȵǬǻ֮һǲŹǵģԸǣ̫ˣԭ⣬ʣ
ҵ޽׼һ
㿴󣡡
⡭ôôһռ䣿
Ĵݣ׼
һֱҵĹ֮бչأȻ֪緢£׼ӽ쿪ʼֻҪңǲǿаҵߣ

Ҫֹʧ׹磬ֹʧٶȣֲ꣬˫ͷħ־ͻ᳹ɱҪ޽
ԭˣҵռ󷨣ǲǣˣ㲻ںҵ𣿡
ںףҵ֮һ޽ߣҵðѾֹǿɱиྫֹʧ
һΪҰ㣬͸ɣ

֮Ҷ˫ַֿռǰ񷣬ֲµūͬӶԸĺֻҪǿ߽Ƭգ
ڿռһһռڲգݷ
ϢһһֱţҪǬ֪ΪҰ£ʬΣ
ת֮ҶȾͿʼռӡǰ
ˣ
׼ͬʱͷ޽ߵ
޽߿ںϡơ͸κε󷨡ơ
˵ҲǷ޽ӦÿԴ󣬵Ǳ̫̣ʵʣ޽Ҫݣ׼ҲҪﵽԶŴʵп
ϾӵеǱ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
ҽںϷ룬ȻΪԴ߶ֻش󣬽ռĴֻ֮ͨٻص磡
ӡâ֮⣬׼ڣȻƿտռںϡ
׼һ˵Ļ޷󷨵ģӵ׵־Ҷȵ־£롣
ף
Ӱڷ֮С
ԶŴƿĽݡ޵оͷһӾͽٶ
ҶʩǰҶҪ޽ߵֻش󣬽Ӵʧٴ죬Ծֹʧٶȣ
ԭȻҲӵֻ׵ֻҪͿڣһʵڲףЦЦںϴ֮С
ֻط󣡡
һӡ֮Уڴ׼ҲʼһЩӡ޽ʼҶȷӡںϣ֮нֻϢ
Ϊ޽ߣҶѾںϡ
߶
ˣ
ռͻȻһ£͸ո׹ĴȻΪŤ״ֹ̬ػص֮С
˰ɣ
ڲԴռС
ѪԪۡϹŶעռһһεı仯
˼Ҷȴ߶ľֶΣֻص죬ϹŶĿɿڴ
ѵ̶ʱ䣬׵ʵͳԽǣԪ̾
׵ʵѾ󣬶ȴ޷ӵеģѾԽǣ
Ѫ֮ĴߣȻŹ֮˾˵ߣֻǴ˵û֪ߵӵкεȵ
صһ߾ǹףڴȥɣ
ϹŶطԴɽ
ռǰ
Ҷɴһͨ壺󣬸ֻش󣡡
̤֮ͨС
໡
ͻȻս֮УƬؿʼս
ūͳ֮Ժ֣ˣһЩޣɱˣ
ɣڣ빥죬ū֮նɱǾо˸һͬǵ
ҶūԼоˡ
գͷų˫ͷħ֣ħڵΪҶе
ڱҪϱǿ
䣡
ͷĶռУʮͷޡɱţֱӡ󷨳ȥ
Ҫ󷨣ô׹硣
޼ɵıţٶԽԽֱ¶˾ɫ
ᣡ
ռūѾʼӡ
ͣ
һЩ޵ڣһЩ˵ıըͼһЩѪ֣ӱը֮󣬿ֲץ˳
Ҳʼըǵͫ¸ǶĵѪɫС֣峤С֡
໣
Ƿˣٴγ󷨡
ಣ
ΧͻȻ߳һˡ
䣡
˷һơһţظѹ
һĻˡ
ǿʼʬɵޡѪ֣ʬ֮һЩѪ֣ʼһūʼںϡ
һҶֻҪоͿˣȥռʱûΣ
ǰս
ЩΪԶԸ
ʮͷԳš
ն챳ȻǶ֮Բסʮͷ
ߣ
ٴδ߶ͨΧռֱӿʼ˺ѣ˺֮ѿռпΧǿһ
䡣
ͷ뷢˺֮Կ˶Ȼƣܽ˺֮
ͣ
ڽնΧ֮ʣڵͷ󷽣ͻȻӰ
ӰȻһģһ
ĪȻ
ͻϮֻΪӰͻأһѪӵͷ󱬷ͷ֮ͨ¡
˺ѿռ䣡
ն죬ĪȻͨ壬һͬͷųߵ
ңǵ壬ȻΪ˻ɫһʱƬա
ȣ
ͻȻ̣ͷ˺֮⡣
·ʮͷʱ˺֮У׷Ѫ
ĪȻ̫ʱˣ
ΪӰնĪȻ첲뽣һͬЦ
ȿȣ
·оͷѪ߳Ǻ󷽾Ȼһ񣬶Ѿͷ
ǡᵽ񣿡
ȥ
ն¶ޱȵɫ
ĪȻͻȻֻͨ壬˻Ϊ״̬նҲˣƬռ䶼
ߵ
ͣ
ոγɵ壬ͻȻ뽣âк󱳣ĵѪæɢ

ǼͷƬͻȻ𿪣ĪȻֳ
תܴ󣡡
նĪȻһͬӡ
գۼ䣬ʮͬӰӣͷΧ
ĪȻͨתܴ󣬿򽣡ն죺סǣλնɱ񣡡
ģ
ս񵶽磡
õʱˡ
˻Ϊһġ
նΪӰ뽣ʱǿ


2487 ıս
Ӱ٣Щͷκι޷ɢ
ǽĽģն쵶֮£Ȼ̴š
ã
ĪȻһ
СѪ
Ǵһֽ״̬Χ
޷ѪһЩѪմϣͷն졣
ȣ
նļܵѪʴ
֮
Լ֮ʣٴδ߶ԵĵѪԴϲһ
䡣
ԴȻ顣
û£Ȱնɱ˵ն첻˾綾ýĪȻֽǼĵǿնɱ
ͷҲѾսŵȥ
ٿ

Ǽ˷·һӶղˣʵȴʲôơ
ĪȻ뽣ն죬ǰɫ˲䡣
һͷ޴ˡ
ԭߵĵͷñʳǻ֪֮ʳٵǿߣϵ
ǿ
ֻһо
ʲôߣ
һӰƿնһ۵޵ˣʩչǾ޴ǰ
ಣ
˷ɳ֮ϤסҶࡢٻˡ
Լ˴Ųͬƣա
޵ȳˣսԽԽǲͬ飬ٻٳˣ

벻ЩǿߣҲĶ֣һҲƺ߶ֶΣ񣬽սĵǿߣΪ
ռȥ
һҵóõūԸͬƵа
ռ֮£ҶȻ֣ţǰռ䣬вٵǿūơ
ԼսѪС֣˺ѵǿߵ塣
ʱ䣬ҶѾֹնɱĵ֡
ĸӦҲעս֪аֻܴøϻ
ܻж٣
û֪׶׽֣˭Ҳ˲ڳ񣬶̶ʱ䣬д䣬ʧء
һҲܵҲɵĻ
Ҫ綷һƴһ̡

޵˴Žն졢ٻ˽ռ䣬ҶӡͷСֱӰŲڴ֮¡
ףƣʩ
񣬶еǿ̶ȣȻףǺúϢҪ֣
ҶͷǿԪ˲˴޾Ԫ־Ԫõָ
Ȼ˫ͫȼճâԼ֮޵־սǻʬ塢ŵˣռ䳷ˣ
ʱ鲼ս֮ϣõ׵İ׷׿ʼ糷ˡ
ˣ
Ϣһ󣬴ڲһ־𶯡
Ҷȱ𣿡
죡
Դ磬һʮһ飬Ӱʧ
񼣣
𣿡
ڹ͸ɫ飬ͷӣ𽥵ʧΪһ˵Ӱ
񼣣
һԶŴ񼣣񼣣֮УʵǿĴڡ
벻Ϊĩս֮Уڶλ֮
һλ񼣵ס
ϧ׵ʬ壬޷ȡ
ĸε̾
ע䣬ǲǰ棬ѵ÷硢ɽ硢Ϊ˫ͷħֵʳ𣿡
Ԫףɣӡ¿񼣣
ף
ռ֮£ҶԺ·һӣһ˫ͫѪ졢Ŀǡ۵׳˶ӡ
һ䡣
¾ϡ

ռǰֶ̫ۡ顢ۡξȷߣһһǧ˸ϻ
һˡҶɽۡʮӦ顢Ҳʱ֡
ǧˣҲһڲͬս
ȷõҩһ̫⣬ϵľ綾
˻֮ҶȾͿʼӡ
Ҷͷ̫⣬նȾ綾ķ߰Χϰ綾
̫ǲֳ֮Ͼ綾ȼյĺɫʧ
ˣ
ΧտʼԭǴⷽ鶼ӰЩ׷ɱ
Ҷıռ󷨺󷽵Ŀտգ޵ˡֶ۴ڷߣó񵤸߷á
ܿʮˣԽԽ࣬Ҳеǿ׷ɱūռ䣬ֹɱ
ܿʹﵽˡ
½иڲٵʿԼҲ׷ɱȥѹѹǡ
𣬻ʥҲһǧ˼ʱ
ף
޵ˡۡͷһķ߾ͷҶΧ
߶ߴڻˣǽռ䣬ҪǵںϿռ䷢
ǣ
һٶķߣռ䡣
ȣ
˿ʼ߶Ƕྪ˵
ԵĵˣҲöԸǴĵǿҶϣߵʱֹǰøЩսǾͻزˡ
ǧϵֻа˻жɢڸս
ǿǴﵽԪʼĴڣмԪʼµ񣬶ɢʱգ޷ⳡĩս
һٶߣͷų
С
ҶȺȻڶ֮ϣ˫ץȥ
ͣ
һ۵˺֮⣬ǿߡϯȥ
һ˺֮ⱬ
ǿ߱ˣǰ
ҵð󷨣õūԸǣ
̫ǿˡ
Ҷ֪ǵͨûôѴϯȥ
һ·Ҳ֪ǹȻȻĿ꣬ʱΪҶȣҪѹնɱȺף罫ٴαɱ
Ϊȡһʱ䣬мʱϻںգԼٶ
Щ֮Уǿߣһ֮µĸ֣ǿߣм
ٿһҲʮأҲʧ룬ԽԽ࣬ǿʼɵʿ
ʮѾռ䣬ɭɭضҶȣϵһףţ׸ʧȥҡ
ū׼ãЩȻöԸӵо˵
Ҷȹռ䣬뵶ūн
ˣʵ̫࣬Ҳֻǣһ֣ūӦ
ȰǰЩס˵һ߶ȣЩ񽫻ͳͳ
ǣˣ
ҶȺһЩʮͷѾɱռ䡣
ϧ̫١Ҳûܼʱϻ
źĵǿߡҶͻȻһĸо÷񣬷Ÿ񵤡


2488 
ץʱϢ±ҪǵԿ
󲿷󶼳ؿռ䡣
Ҷڶռǰնɱڿռڵ
ǰĵǿߣʼⷽɱ
ȻҪ٣дЩЩɵʿʹԼøǿ׳
ʱҲû˿վֹ
֮Զž޴սͷɱĿǰƵҶҪ֡
纡ơ硢֡
ҶͷĴ׹ͨ
ܿĴ׾˻ӦʱҲ޷ɱЩҲɳΪ
žնɱЩףҲҪһʱܻ
Ҳ׷йеױ˵֮С
ˣǹˣ
ãūҶԱߡ
Ҷתԭأͷǵ־ɣ̫ż״̬ɣ
ǣף

ҲһȴţʼӡԼ־ԼԪԪ΢΢֮С
ɱ
ǿߣѾҪռǰ
Ҹܵˡū߶ǵֻǯǵж
ҶȽӡø׸Ӧأƿ־Լǵһжĺ֮С
ūͷųѪϢԽԽ࣬һʧˡ
ǵū
ԻΪӣֻҪһӲ
ӣһʿڣǽڷѿȻγɵūʶտƶԷ
ʿūҲֻͷԼ
ಣ
£Ҷȹ¶ʮΧһֱֹ
ǹףǿˣɱǣǾͿɱ죬磬Ψе棡
Ψе棡
ڰ޳ڵʿУѿǵĵˣǱҪ
Ľֻʣޱߵĺڰ
ռԶ˵ĸ߿գǿ߰ҶȵΨһĿ꣬Ҷ߿գǰѹѹǳ̡ŤΧĵ
в
־绯ΪаڰΨй棬Ƭ綼ΪĹȰɣ
һ̣Ҷͷų֮׵
ף
Ǿռ䡢ԼΪԼƿص硣
ˣ
ʿҪɱҶȡǰʱϷ񷾡ͷȻһա
գֻ̫񷽵
ĻͶҫ۵̫⣬Ƭ編򡢿ռ˲ðããһƬ
֮˰ɣ

ǡף
Ϸ֮УվһԶŴ־
̫ۡԪۡ
ǵ־ػ죬ʱǰͶ̫⣬ȻһƬ磬Ϊ˹硣
ͿԴﵽ֮ĸ߶ȣ
֮Խ̫ĹȣͶ󲿷磬вСĲ࣬ȳ̶ȣעҪʧܣ
˿ԳΪ֧֧
ϹŶǵ־ûȥһֱǰ
ˣ
̫ͶգĵɷսЩɱĵʿٶܵӰ죬ٶûܵӰ죬ͷųƣҲڲϵرâͬһ׷
ڰ棡
ʿ벻ʮҶȻͷԼԼľ
ƺԼһ龻ֵӰϿ΢΢ĳ֡
Ĺ֮񣬿綼Ϊ
Ĺ֮һ˭档
꣡
ǿֻܵѹƣͷŵĵϢո̫⣬ȼ
һЩСĵʿѾ̫֮ǰС
ȼհɣ
˹âһЩҲʼ֡
Ϲܷ
ǿѹƵһƣ߶ִͨ߳Ŀܣȼյ̫ҽ
ħ
ʮ˿ʼܡ
ٶԽԽ죬ռ̤顣
໣
ɱǧ򣬶ĺˣ󣬱˵֣񣬶ŵ
žžž
˾壬ֱײ
ֹʽκ벻ϾǾ綾
Щײ˻ӳħں綾ͷ­Լĵ֮ȥ
ΧһЩҶȡ
Ҷͷų̫ܣй
ܷʿɱ˹ȥûжԸ
񽣣
þ֮
Ҷֳ˲þֳ֮˱񽣡
ף
͵ſ֮Լצ
ݣ
Ҷȣжǿ
ͣ
ҶȾӶ£磬һͷ­ϣشͷ­š
Ȼǿа룬ԼĵĵѪϡﻩ˳

һЩû̡
ֳһЩ֮ǰΧɱ
ݣ
ռչֳ
ҶǰƿʧӰδþ֮뱱񽣵Ľ˼ͷϡ
ʱѪɣ޼᲻ݣնΪ顣

һĻȻ֡
ɲҶȵӰӣþ֮뱱񽣵Ľƿն̫絽ǽںХ
̫ǿˣںϣںϣ
ЩȻǰ޴֮ʼո
ɱĵʿ
Ȼڱ仯ҶԾΧЩʿ
ͷų޴ޱߵĽһڹ֮޼᲻ݣ֮һͿնɱʮǿߡ
ҲնɱһЩıūնɱ
һΣҶȡˡūѵǰʱֹס
໣
һսĽˡ
֮УȻ߳һ˲޴
֪˶ٵʿ浽
¼ˣ
ӰһҶȾͻص룬̶ʱ䣬ѾնɱʿɱȥĶ֣
ڵҲӦ԰취
޵ȥԽԽֲⲻǰ߳һͷ񣬹ʵѾϹŶ󷽻иɶԷ˵ᵮϹŶһǿ
ԽϹŶĴڡ
ͷסħһ࣬Ҳܾˡ
ʱҶȿĶֲų֡
һҲ޷ȥԸʿֻ̫ľһƣþ뵶ūơ
䣡
ռ
Ҷһ󷽣һʹ󱳡
һѪĽҶҲ޷¾綾ֵĲþ֮˳Ƕ֮ϡ
һ֮ȻնѪ⣬һ飬һоڸɵ¡
û취̫쳣̡
ĵѪҺҶȱ˵ڽĴ󲿷Ѫ⣬һ飬ֻʣһ߹
ֵز񻹻ţѪںϡ
Ҷץס˻ƣϱ񽣣
䣬ǿк飬һһ£Ҷһͷ­ն
п


2489 
ɱһͷǿ
Ѫһ㣬ЩѪֱҶģԱ˵ǿǶоˡū˵Ƕ
ɱ䣡
ɱ
ҲЩܾ޴һλλΧɱū̫ϣƴʿǰĲ
ЩʿҪ硣
ͨ壬˫ͷħ֣մӵ󷽷
û취Ҷֻó˵ͨ
˫ͷħ֣
ͨ壡
ⶼҲ˵ɱﵣ
Ȼͨ嶼ƳҲ˵ǵĵز
ٿ
ܿ죬һڶڵ֮С
һŴ죬Ǻڶӿһھͳ̵һռ䣬ǧʿӦûУͱ˫ͷħȥ
˫ͷħ֣ħ֣
Ȼû׼ĴڣȴҲͳ˧뾡취Ҫѹնɱ
˫ͷħɱǾͻš
˫ͷħϴڷսʱҶȹȥǺõܵشҲ֪˫ͷħֵĿ¡
ȥ١
ʡ
»ǵĶ
ˣ
Ҷٴζ֣ͻȻ䣬־֮Уһ
죬ɫһˣ
־ףԣҲӦ
񼣣
ף
졣
һϹŶʹؿһӣӰʧ顣
ף
̫ҹ֮УҶȱ˫ۺһͻȻһ
ף
ҶȵԱߡ
ҪùǿҪϣ
Ҷȿ𣺡ȻһԱƣǻɱҪߣ
ǣ޻˵ͷŴȻҶ˼ռ䡣
У
ߵܿ˶
ҶȻںϴѪҺӵеʼձȲϴ״̬£ԷϴͷŴ
һЩëë񷣬ͬѩҡҷ
սѪȣŴ֮𣬴ȴȴսʹࡣ
ĹԽԽҫۣ˴ߵϣ־Ҷںһ
Ȼܵơ
ͣ
þ֮һͬ˹ռ䡣
ܵشֱӱ顣
ɷ򣡡
ſһ磬Ҷʥ⡣
Щʥ⽫顢ʬ׷ڣҶ
𣡡
ͨճ֣Ҷһƶ˫ͷħɴʿӿҶڡ
ļʱǼʱ
ҶȸоԼΪѾӽԪԪľ磬ڻԪﵽ״̬ʱһͷ
ͷ֮ǰͷҪ޴࣬Һ̫ҹ磬õӳ֣֮ӣѾΧ
Щǻţɶ񣿡
Ŀ޴
Х֮Ӳռ䣬еĲþ֮뱱񽣣湥籩籩о޴
ͣͷʵȻѴﵽϹŶزҶ־ͷų˵Ҫ˵񶼲ףѾɱ޷
񻯣
ʿɱһһ·ֻ֪ܻ磬ڴٻ
ʮҲɱ˴񣬶ˣڱս
顢ʥΪףͨ˰ķɫʼΪɫȻƤָѪɫƣǵ̳һɫס
ߣﵽ˰ɡ
ǵͫȫΪɫû飬ֻɱ⣡
ɱ⣡
ϵףȻŴݰľʣ
˿񻯣Ǻܶ࣬ÿο񻯶һЩ仯ο񻯾Ҷȶˡ
оѾû
ʲô˼ά˼룬Щûˣֻûɱ˹ߡ
ϵףȥǴʣ͸ѣҫޱȵľ⣬֪жӲ
䣡
󲽱֮Уһȭܰ飬һţܰȳ
ֻо޴񣬲Ǿ˶֡
˲ͽֲɱܽһ˺飬ֱۡԴ֮ɢõǣһȭһƣܰһĵϡá
֮ӦаĲλר֮սУ
ȣ
ͷµ񣬲ŴӸ߿ɱҶΧǵͳ˧רͷųԸҶȵġ
ͷ治򵥣ͷˣɵĵʿҲˡ
ʲô
ҶҪںǿߵĹսںаÿһͷϹŶࡣ
޷ϹŶӡͷŴͨطһµġ
ڹռ֮£־õһƣȻĻͷӿֲ
ȣ
ҶȲͷħԴͻȻ޴һ֮֮ڲ֮˲ظš
̶ʱ䣬ҶȾ֮֮Уһ֮Ҷſ졣
ǧͼ
ΧĻǿɲˣӡ
߶ǧͼ˻Ϊǳ֮⣬֮ҧʱǳ֮ʧˡ
ɲǣҶƾճͷϷֻͷħ־ΪһĵԲһ޴
컯ȭ
̫ˡ
Ҷͷǿ컯ȭʮʽÿһʽǲͬĸڣϢҶһȭϷ
ٿ
ʥ⣬Ƕ֮ͻأ
໣
ڷʹĽָоʿھź
䡣
̫ǿа˺ȻըһʱѪɣһһѪɢա
˲䱻ҶһһգڣͱΪҶȴʱоδһ˿Ϊʱʱ̲̿ǿ
ݣ
ͻȻһƿն
ҶȸӦˣ̼벻£һôԱߴ̹
ۣ
Ӧٿ죬Ҳ޷ȫڶ̴̣Ҷ롣
ж̣ͫǿ֮У̵
̾硣
ɱף
ͷˡ
ڲͬ
ΪŲ֮λͷ
ͷںϣһֻһ̣Խ
б仯ˣͷʵȫﵽϹŶ߶ȣһ˫ͷħֶնɱ
һɱҶӭԶԸ
ūɭɭĺˣ
û£ǯƵǿǰٶȣ
ūҪҶһ֮ūͷ֣ūʤӵвµɡ
һͷǰλͳ˧ɭɭЦ֮Ǳ˧ǧǿߣٻ񣬵ǧֵһ˵
׽ҲҪͳ˧Уʬ壬ǻصҲ޷֮ȥһͳ˧趯׼
Ѿ࣬ǹԸԼ꣬׸ޣʲôʸص
ҶȰпʼ֮е
ǵһΣʼգڴ֮ǰ󲿷֧Źƿ־


2490 ͷս
̴̣
ϵĵͷԦƿյƣͻȻ̻ûҶȷ
ಣ
ͷҶʱѡرܣٶٴͷ̳̣޷˵֡
ͣ
ҶȵĿռ̫ˣ֪һͷ󷽣Ǳþ֮նϡ

ٿٿٿ
Ǿ˺󱳣һɶ೤ĿӣҶٴ۱Ҷ

һͷѪݣҶԱ߱ըҶȷ˸һȻˡ
ͣ
֮ʣҶڰնӣһƴǰͷ­
䣡
һͷѪݣϧδըҶȾʧˡ
ס
ʧȥͷ­ͷ忪ʼڻΪ࣬ͷ֮룬ƺҪµԴ
ݣ
һ̫⣬ںϻԪĽһ룬ǿ
ٺ٣Ӳҵ̫һ
ҶתʧΪһͷ׷ɱ
Χɱ֮񣡡
ε治ҶȻᣬһᶼ
ûҶȳһͷγͷͬµǳƾ˷ֱҶȷ
аķŭ
Ҷȼæ˺뿪ΧȦ˵
˿̣һЩֵķģһշ
ΪγһŴаЦݵʱΪħĴ죬ҧ򸽽ͷ
Ϣǡ
ȻֹĹ磬ƿأ޷оܿռϸĶаϢʱЦݣĪа񣡡
ףллң
һаĺ磬ɲǼĻ֡
׷ɱҶȵĪа
ĪаһѪĳȹĳҲѪɫ·ոմѪѣ˼䡣
ٴμҶȣĪаǴǰǸа޷ĮЦݣƺʱҶȱһ
Ҷ˺һЩԪ䡭Īаû콣
ĪаˣʵڱòУ߻ħҲˣаںϣɶЩеĵҲˣȻҲ
㻹ǶԸʿЩΪζҶлл㣡
벻Īа
˵ͻΪ֮ϯյ໽УҶֻΪΣ֮׷׼񵽴Ѫۡ
ĪаҲ֪Ķ֣ȥֹ࣬ɱĵʿ
ˣ
ոձƵô޷ʩչҶȴͣ󷽡

һƬӰŹϢշ
ǡͽ𡢶½Ϲ֡ħ桢ӡңׯߡơʦ
ͷŹϢӰͷŸӦ˲Ϣͼ֮һӰò
ȻѰҴԪʱЩǿϹŶ
Ǹ氢صħӡ
ҶȾϲȥּϤףȻΧһٶİף̫ˣ̫ˣЩɶǴﵽԪľͷеﵽԪ쾳磬ǻǲμӹԶŴս׵ǿߣ
ȷҶȡǹף
ͽ𡢶½Ϲ֡ħ˾ͷѾƿն
ףϹŶǼæҶȹǼ
ҶͷһֹЩɱ
ӭһϹŶλǰ벻ˣʱΪһм׶޾ĸлǣ
ף̫ˣ
½ҵЩ֧Ԯ硭
λǰڿʼҲΪʱ㿴Ȼ㲻ףҲ赲
ҵ׷
ˣȻʵǿ󣬵ЩӦö֪̫ˣҴǼ󷨣󷨹ǣΪƬ磬ƣռƣ
ǣ

Ҷͷŷӡ֮£Ѽ󷨻ΪӣһٶϹŶڡ
ף뾡취ٻʶϹŶ˷ϹŶԽԽ࣡ͽ𼤶˵
һϹŶں֮սȥֻʣ¾ħ档
ҵǣ
ħ濴ʮսľݺᡣ
ħǰҶʾ뿪Ҫɱ
Ҿħһ壬ȫ䣬ֻʣ࣬ξһͬսɣ
ħ۾ֻо˴ڣףҲЩں
Ǵӵдͷ
໣
һħ𣬰Χ׷ը飬ʱʧΪһͷɴԶħ
𺳣̫ˡ
һ۶ϣ赲ıѪȣ䣬ħ汼سӪһͰѿռ顣
ħ󣡡
ħͷһȻͷ
ǴԶŴĴڣΪ֮еϹŶ£ϧֻһ˻
ںϣħλ
ʥһɶ׼ȷھħ汳ϡ
˵һŤѪâʥħ澹Ȼںһ壬Ϊһڡ
һĻȫҶȼʶԶžս
ʥΪ֮ҶȸоսѾȫﵽϹŶ߶ȡ
ȸ߸һȣܰһͷƷȻһܰ˺飬ħһӣһͷ͸㶨ˡ
ֱܰ˺ѣʥ˫ܻԴսһ
ͣ
ͶУ
ɴ˿ɼԶŴսڻҪңϾħˣ˾Ҳˣ밵彻֣ǾҲ䡭
عִһգʮͷ󷽣þ֮һնһ첲
õĪаϹŶæǯƵһעʹҶȿȫɣԸɱ
𣡡
ֳͨˡ
ʱ䣬߶˫ͷħ֣ɱǿߣһЩҲжΪͨΪ
Ҷںֶ֮֮ͨС
콵
ҶȽӡ߶ƿƬ־ʱռ䣬ܵ
ˢˢˢ
Ļ꣡
Ȼ꣬ͷŵĹâ̫⡣
긲Ƭ硣
䰡
Ǻ󷽵񣬻ϹŶĪаǶסˣϹŶĪаæˣҲڳˡ
ԽԽʲôâһſһɴĹʯЩ̫ʯںϴľ⡣
Щʯֱ׹ǿڵա
¡¡
ɲǼ䣬񶼷·ڱڵǷռ䣬Ѿ˺ˡ
֪жٵʿһ֮ͨ¡
ɱ
ͽ𡢶½Ϲ֡ħ桢ӡңׯߡơʦȵϹŶץסѵûᣬɱ
Ҳɷʥͷɱ֮С
̫ˣˣԼͬʬ壬ϵ׳󣬱ø
̫ҽ
ҶҲҪǰʮͷʱյնɱ
ҲûܵʯٴˣǶҲʲô

žĽǧɿռᣬֱӴһͷͷ
һ̫ˣͷ񵱳顣
£в̫ľҶѾƿնϷ


2491 
ڰ
ܵشѹõĻᡣ
ϷҶȣͻȻϥ£ʮָγɹΣĦ˫Ѹ·ڵĿռ䡣
ٿ
ʮͷǵ˲䣬·𱻹ռʳϵѪ⡢֮ʧΪһò״
еѪⶼռɡ
ջΪΡ
תٴΰĿͶսһ̣ƫ磬һٶϹŶϾˣϹ޷ɱ֮С
Ҫѹ졭Ҷ׼һԵȡж
ˣ
ʱһƿռ־֮ӿ
ף
Ҷգ΢΢ظӦ֮¶⣺̫ʼˣնɱһף
־ԭǻ̫ʼ
ȻȻǳɹնɱףĩսնɱס
ͣ
̫ʼƿնѪȻһѵɱ
Ҷ̫ʼȭʾӭֻףãϢǺɱˣ
һˣҲڹ;֮У̫ʼ֮ڴռӡǰգʼָ
࣡
ҶͷŸӦ䣬͸Ӧ֮д󣬿Ҳǳɹնɱ˵ס
˾Ҳˣ
ոջظӦȴϢ
纺˾
ಣ
һṦ纺˾ͬʱӲͬĵطڹ硣
̫ʼֶӭ࿭飬൹Ҷ˵˼׻뿪ˡ
Ҷɫ԰׵纺ǰʵ纣оô
Ĵûˣ˾ǰʱǵնɱȷöԸҺ뺣д䣬ʧ룡
纺ڴʱղѪɫοش󣬽ӡǧԺ塢ľǿͷųһЩǿߡ
ϷҲû£ֻմȾľ綾˾˵
û£ŴںϢƬԾκаϿָһҪҰ
ҶȺúöһ纺˾Ŵǿ߷ռ䣺ȡʱ䣬һ׻ָһЩʵܽˣ

ƿշ·
̫ʼУƬ̫ʼĿضҶգҪҶǻɸΪ񲯣ϴѽǰкĵնɱҲû֪֮ĹϵǿԷſֽţ飡
Щˣȷˣ绹ƿأǻҪȣܻ˵ǼӪǴ޷֤罫ҲòΪԼһ·ɫ
ֻϧҶȳʵͨѽϹŶ߶ȡ֪ˣǸ̤磬ͽնɱ
Σش˫ͷħɱһз򶼽ڣʱ˭ǵ־شҲܵǲڴ죬ϹŶְǵ־Ǿ鷳ˣ
Ҳգٵȵȣ
˵Ŀ⣬һֱڰжſռһһ
ˣ
󲻾ãҶʼ־ѹӹ졣
ڸӦռֲٹϵϢ
¶ͽҶȴףϵϹŶѣһһ
̫ˣ
ԭ׻
ЩϹŶ翪ʼ죬ҪƶǵǷйĵطͻܵơ

˷½һǿϹŶÿһǴﵽԪĴڣһҲûС
ʮ˽ռ䣬Ҷ£ɱЭͽ½ϹŶ
½ϹŶ֣һμӹԶŴսϹŶеʮԪĴڡ
еϹŶĳʱսԼЩϹŶԼ´Ҳ˹
ϹŶǧˣ֮Щˣʵ֮ͨ࣬־ڵʵ֮һĸ߶ȡ
Ҷȵѹּ˲٣ҪƿƬռ䣬ûйռ䣬ǵǿߡؽ˲䷴ˣϹŶҲ޷赲
ϴ󣡡
֮
һҶȼˡ
ƣ
硢֣֮ҶָӦϢ˼ͬʱ
ಣ
ѪӰʱҶǰơ硢ȥһơ
ЦǺǵĵЩֶԸףЩǲöԸȻͻˣ
̫ʼһ綢źգΪ⡣
ȻδˣҲҪϢʱ뿪ȥϢһʱùռ䣬ƵжܵǯƣջǣҪ֣
ҲĿǰƣͻصȥˡ
ˣ
ϲ֮УͻȻ䣬һ־Ӵڲ
ˣ
ˣ
ͷŸӦһ־
죡
ٳ񼣡ٳ䣡
Ԫʼ񼣡ʼ䣡
һۼ֮Ӱʧ
ΧϢҲһ°˲١
۲̾벻һͬ䡭
̫ʹĳ̾ǵ־ڴʧǵ־Զ֮ͬӡǵ־µļԪȥ
ˣ
ϹŶϽӡ
ٳʼλףһ·ߣҶͣ²ҲʱٽӡǱ˫ۣĬĬףš
ա
̫ʼһʼˣϵǳΪ׺Ҳߵĺܽ
ʥʼ죬ĩڼԪ֮Уϧ˵̫̣һŴ־ղҵͬ·ˣ
ĪţֻǬһ𣬽ȫһ磡
ǬҶȵгÿ㡭ΪɣΪ䣡
ĬĬ˫ֺʮ
ͷֵף׶ΪΪĬĬף֮ͨ߶־־Ԫںϴ֮С
˵ĳԪֻк˵õǵĴС
죬һƶ
ǿߡܵ
ˣ
ƣռս֮ʣӵǷգһսŭ
񣿡
Īǿˣ
Ҷֹͣӡ׼֡
䣡
ϷǹռͻȻִ顣
ֻһ޴ޱȵѪӰɳһͷĹ
ͷôʥϢ
Ҷȷռ䣬κ˶޷ԸֻԦֹɲЩϹŶ¡
񣬾ӦҶȾͷɻϢ
ǰǹףɱ˹ף
һ˻ƵĹЦ
ڹϢܵסٶȡ
һͷδľ޴
вٵҪ
һһǵףһûκα飬˫ۣһѪɫҲûС
Χǧŵǿߵ


2492 ׼
ǡ
Ҷһǲڵҡͷʼס
ԭҶȴ𺳵ȻԪʼ񼣵ףʼ죡
Ҳ˵ɱʼ֮ں֮С
ֲڲͬ
ֲûϤϢԭԪʼס
һϵҶȸӦ֮С

ҲǸоͬϢͷͶӰ½硣
ںʼףս
ҶȺγ뱯ʹ֮С
һףΪ䣬ȴʬ塣
ӷ̵ǣҶȻҪ׵ս
ҶȿӰǰ㼯оػ죬ｻң
ףԪʼ׵ڵ磬ܵޱߵĥ񽻴һ䣬ȥ
壿
ʼʬʧ־Ҳᱻ֮У˵Ϊ顣
֮˵뿴Ľ
ΪսףԶںڰ֮г١
ףʼ³Ҳ³Ϊһְɣ
ɱ˹ԾĹ磬ǿûԿЧ
ū졯ԶجΣŤȵ
ū졭
ʮ֮һ
ԭȵĴڣڵ͵֮
Ҫ֡
ץþ֮뱱񽣣־ǰ񣬿ǵں֮γɵǿ
жǿ

ūſһѪݡ
䣡
ѪһҶȣҶܿѪݿʼըˡ
ըֱӰѿռ飬ռ룬һﾪ˵Ŀӣһδαը񷶼ս
񿴵Ǳը˭ΪҶһѺ
ڰ׾
ռȼڰĻ档
Ժڰĳͽڰĳͷκµǿߣںڰ
ϧѳյĺڰζԸңúԪ̫ۡϹŶɣ
棬ͷԪĵ档
ǶƺûжūͷųһѹƵ档

һвУµһС
ռ仹״̬޷ϡ
ҶԾ־ĹռƬͨ޽ߡߡߵںϣʱūΧһһںϡ
ͬľ棬һںϣкڰ׾ڲסū죬Χռ伴ںϡ
ݣ
ūΪףӦв
񣬴ӱǰһ֮Ȼ󻨶俪ʼſ죬ΧĹռ䣬һƬƬ̹
ʵھ˵ĺܣԳеÿһ̶ܽռ顣
һ󹦷ˣҶҪĹռ䣬Ȼ˴롣
ҶֿʼռƬͷųӾ˵ƿƬƿնūΧγɡ
ūԣƺģÿһһ֪ιǹѿռ仹ǻȻˣʼɢΧ棬Ҷչɱ
ˣ
ʮ
ķεĹռ䣬ūΧռ䣬ͬһӣС
Сҵƿʶһ£޾ѧ컯ȡ
Ĺ֮񣬱Ϊ޵еĴڣȻӵľѧ
ķռ䣬Ŵʥⱬ˹棬ҶȽӡƽС
ǡ֮ľͨ컯ȣ
ǰ컯ȣԾκа񡢺ڰľͨ
ڲЩϹŶ־һαռ֮еĹ
ƣ
ūǼԦĵƣڹصķ£׷ȼգɵô֮ſ죬̡
ɶС
κν磬ҲԵֵԵ
κ󷨡
Ҷ֪ū칥ж޼᲻ݣֻܷʩչС׷̣ͨСƳռ䡣
Щ̴棬Χռ硣
컯Ĺռ䣬ʮӣ컯ȵ뾻Ҳʼ

ūҪȥƤ컯֮£һ֣Ͼ޷
Ҳˣ
ˣ
һӣٶɱȥ
ҶȲóѣٴ־ںƿ֮УΧռתΪĴ
Ĵ˫鶼ǡ
ͳͳ
ūһ֮УһѪѪˣ̣
ͬʱūҲѪݡ
¡¡
˫ūֲ£ըαըܰѴ˫㳹׺顣
ūͷ۵һĻˣŴըһһ淢һֹ֪ЩըĳΪ˫㡣
أ
ȺһײӲǰûص컯֮УΧģ˲١
ū쳹ͷųѪӿˡ
Ѫݱը֮컯ȹ涼Ϩ𣬶ūڱը֮УҲܴܵӰ졣
־컯ڰ
ںūʼ׵дǿߣ̾Ͳ˵ˣĻտѹƴ
ϢΣ
κβͨѹƸǿҲˣѹƴӳȥ֮ҪٴνҪ־Լ
Ҷ֣
ҶЩ߶ƿԸһӰԱߡ

񼣵ף
Ҷȴϲָ𣿡
һץг˰չֳߵİӢˣˣһ˿ôѹֹ󷨾
ãҶΧ־
ͨ측ѹ
֮⣬Ҷƿں֮ϣһħ档
ͻͻͻ
컯Ϸʱһ޴ħȴһҲаĺɫħ
ǰ𣿵ڤˣذͨ밢ҵ벻Ĵ֣ƣ
ūɭɭЦһѪݣײǴħ
žžžһħѪݱըһıը顣
ǿ󰡣
ͷųľ벻ѪݵĶ֣ڵʵǰĶ֡
Ҳ˵սܻա
ħ
ʩչ԰Ĺ
ӡ֮ǰȻӽ壬ı̬Ϊһڻֻһߴ󣬵ǵͷųȥǺڻʼ
৵һ¶֮У޷Ӧĺڻһ϶£Ȧ
벻ֹʽ
Ҷڸ߿ǵһΣʶ
һۼ̴ʬ壬Ǹоܰض
Ȼһ
䣡
ôħСѹħ巢ը
˫ֱȦסū켱æ֮һѪ˫ץסħоչκӱ
Ҫħ˺顣
û̫пܰѰˡ


2493 ֶԿħֻʵ
ơ
ūѪ˺ħ
⡣
˿ֲ˹
컯ȣ
ΣգҶȴ߶Χ־ںǴ˫ڲռ䣬ָ
ȣ
ռ֮ȫ̫⡣
޵Ĵ
̫⿪ʼѪⸯʴȼգһЩ֮ڹ֮зգЩУԼӰ
ЩӰ޵ӰҲ޵־־Ĺ־Ծһкڰ
ᣡ
ԽԽҫۣҲԽңٴͷų߶ħ

ڲռγ˹ȼյĺ
޴ڹСѪ֮ħҲܵ
Լҽڻ趯ջΪһƬ
ಣ
ħɳռ䣬ҶȷһץһӰзɳ漴컯ȣһͬռ֮С
ǳӰʼ죬ڹ֮£׻Ϊ
ϴ󣡸¸£
硢纺Ӻ󷽷հԶָһЩ
̫ˣЩϹŶϢսƿأ
һһҶȾͷǿɱϹŶ󷽳ˣҲռ롣
ãǿϢˣ
簴סﶯۣɫ
һҲ׻
ȻӰ֮з
ʥ桢տ𡭡һ׳֣˾
˶˾ʩǰӰԽԽȷʥ桢տ
˵ء
ף˶æȥӭӡ
ʥ桢տһ־ȫѪϲ֪жٱʴ˺ۣ̫Ŀġ
źȵλСģֶԸϹŶħֻʵѾٻ񣬲ɱ̩ס壬Ϊһ޷սʤ񣡡
һĴֶԸħֻʵۣǶ𣿡
̩䣡
ҶȶûӦڶԸΪؼʱ̣ʱ޷񣬼оӦ־仯
˾ˣħֻʵϹŶʵ͸Ī⣬Ϊ̩׵塭ǵֶԿ
ʥףֻں־ƹȣ㸺ùƿռ䣬Ըħֻʵۣ
λȥϢǶԸǣ
̫ʼֶ
ã
ʥ桢տôڳһĵ໥ռȥ
̫ʼ߳վԱߣȴЦݣħ벻һкʱ򣡡
նɱħֻʵ۰ɣӦһ䡣
磡ۺɱ
ǷɽХ𶯡
ħֻʵۣ
ȥǰƿʼȼգ֮һʱҲ޷ѹǿʢĵơ
ûеʿȻ
߿գ˾ǰħֻʵۣ
ҶϿշȥ߶־ӴĹ磬Ҳռ֮Уʱʱ̿գ
׾Ưš
򣡡
һΣҶʩչĲͨռ䣬ǿȹȵҲйĹ
־ӿ֮ʣǰпռȼյĹϢ
ȣ
ҲƵɱʴϢľ֮
ף
Ӫƿնһū񣬻Ҫ޴һ
ƽʥ
ħֻʵ񣬻̩׵塣
һõ˺ҶȣûҶȣ޼ɵɱ
ҶǰգͻȻһƽβ顣
ǻƽβһͻϮѸײڶ֮ƾзħֻʵۣ˳ƺݺݵ·
ಣ
ƽβ̫Ѹͣħֻʵ·ոշӦˮΪâ󷽡
˾ɱң
ħֻʵ۾Ȼ

ƽγǴ˾ı
纺ҲӺˮâ֣֮ϳ˺֮
ôףʰ㣿
硢һա
̫ʼһա
ˣ
һԼ̫֮࣬ˣħֻʵΪĿ꣬ܵռѹƣǻǳ˹

Ҷȵ´һ
ʥΪףͷħںϵзŲ̤ʱɱһ
ٿ
һڶһڶա
ͨڴ߶˫ͷħ֣Ͼ񷢶
ֻ֮ţɱ
̫ʼ߶ֻֻ֮ͨţƿնħֻʵΪĿ꣬ͻͻͻؽٶ
ֻ֮Σ
ħֻʵۿƿµץѪֻ̣֮Ųɢ
̫µֱֻ֮ſ⡣
̫ʼоҪһսħֻʵۣỌ̈̄

ֻͨʩչħֻʵĴѪݣһͨըֻ֮ɡ
ֱ֮Ӱѿֻ֮ŵĻ̫ʼһѪ
ħ֣
ƻΪӰħץħֻʵۡ
ħֻʵۼƣмװϧ㻹δﵽ㵱ʵǱĶ֣㣬˭η
ߣʰ㣿
žžžħͻȻںϣΪ˾޴ĺɫơ
ħֻʵֳһ̣Ѹͻкɫơ
Ȼħֻʵʵ߳һ̰˲飬ҲƷ
ͻͻͻ
Ʒɲǣſ죬ɫ
ףڵ㣬ڱǰһֻħֻʵ۾Ȼ㣬ø첲ؾдһһɡ
ɳ籩
ˣǽﶯ˻Ϊɳ˵ǻɳǻɳ֮оȻŴݰľ⡣
߿֮УҶ˫üһ壬Ϊ㵣Ѵﵽ߸߶𣿡
ȣ
ɳʱϯħֻʵۣڿռ׷飬ɳ籩޼᲻ݣȻֲѪۡ
ףһϤϢϧףǻߣǰ·Ұɣʵף಻٣
ħֻʵ۲ںϵѪۣΪѪֻǳǳ׺ȣԣֱǲʹ

ħֻʵɳ磬ӰͷһѪӰ˿һץץһɳӰ
ɳӰΪ࣬벻ħֻʵܿ͸ʵںδ
ӡ
Σˣħֻʵץס
һӢӰƿץָָӡץѪӰϣѪӰ񱻳Ƭǡ
˺
ףҲ̫ˣ棬ǲħֻʵ۲ѪӰ硣
Ҫٻ񼣣缸ʱ͸а
ħֻʵŵ۵ȷɵ񼣣״̬ͷŶҲǱ۵Ķ֣񼣣ۻԻ飡
˻٣ŵԶŴսЩϹŶףԼһ񼣣һֶǱ飬󲿷ȱڣ˫ͷħһ𣡡


2494 ȡʤ
˾֮ɫ˶
ٻԶԸħֻʵۣ
ΧЩոս׵ǣⷬ޷š
ססֻסǴﵽո߶ȣ񼣵ĻҲѹۣǹڴЩνĴҲ޷ѹۣ
ħֻʵ۸޷ٻ񼣰
ٻ񼣣ħֻʵۻ˲񣿴˾ɨˣλǲȥٻ񣬵ʱǸ޷ֹ񣡡
Ƶֻͷƿص־սնɱ
ƿ磡˶ͬ⡣
ȻˣҾȰƬƿ־ԸħֻʵۣҶڸ߿մ
ʼӡ
ԼΧĹ翪ʼ
طƿؼĻǿ߻ɱλͷǿߣ˾󾪡
ಣ
˵ͷŴâԸµǿߣâ֡
Լͷʱ֣еĻƣƬռȼջ棬ΧЩռϢʧǿսɱȥ
ÿһλ׶ƿԼ
˾ǿ߶Ĵڡ
纺ٻǺ塢ľ
Ҷȣ׶ٻͷ
־ۣף۾ɱ㣡
ħֻʵۺεΪӦռڱ仯ֿǿ߷ɳҪʩչ
Ϊ
Ǿ֮˶յ־־
ƿ־Ҳӵƿ֮УǾ޵еĴڡ

ѪݳҶ˳ȥ̡
ҶʵʱħֻʵЩ࣬Ƭ磬û˿˵ѪݱըɲǼ䣬Ͳˡ
龻֣
һ֣ħֻʵΧȼյĹ֮γɡ
ʱħֻʵۡ
龻֣ʵǱ۵Ķ֣飡ħֻʵۺͷۣ磬ܵģʱܽƿأ֤

ֻأ
ȭ
֣֮
ָ
ӡ
ħ֣
Ӵ˾ʼҪҶƿƬռ䣬ƻҶƿһͬӡͷųֶͨΡ
ƣ
ħֻʵʱҲɫôֹпֲųһ侪˵֮ſ죬̰ѪˮŶҧ
䣡Ȼûн֮٣֮ҧסоħֻʵҪ¶ӡ
ϧǳƣҲҶȣӲ˫ͷħ֡
龻ֶȻþ޴󣬷ת컯ȣ
ͬʱƬռ䣬ŹΧռָֻ״̬ȥģǿɱ
ɶĹװ
龻컯ȣҶûдﵽǰ߶ȣ־ͨҲնɱħֻʵۡ
Թħֻʵٿ֮䱻飬˳ƻħֻʵۣؿһѪ
־
˫ֺʮɫ
־ȼգҶҲ˫ֺʮǵ־ʼգ·ǻ龻컯Ѿħֻʵ۸ǡ
ħ֣㣬ħ
˭Ҳ벻֣Ҫħֻʵѹʱ֪ӺգͻȻһӰ
ϹŶ֮һع
󺧣ãع
ֹ촨ӣ
ع֮֡
ˮ֮Ǭš
˿һֱع֣˾Ȼˣٿع״̬öˣֶ޷ѹع
һƬ˿Ưĳӣع
䣡
عһȭͰѳӻ飬ǬţҲ̴ͨǶ޷ֹع
Уħֻʵ۵Цһ֮
˵ף
عƺĿҶȣħֻʵڹͨ
˾ٽӡΪһƽһ
ת磡
Ҳɱ˳ȥ߶츳ͨʵһӾͱ
ɶˣ
ħֻʵΧһѪ⣬Ѫһݣǿֲըըһѳơ纺ࡢ̫ʼ˶𿪡
ʱħֻʵ۵־ֻʣҶǲ־
ףʣ㣬
ʱ˿̣
עɱع޷ħֻʵ۳֡
ֱӰѻ龻飬ѪҲܵشЩͱؿһʮɶ೤Ĵ֣ټɵҶȣƺǴ֮ϡ
ȥϹŶ־ںϴԪ
ʱҶȾȻҪ߶Ԫ
û񼣣ʲôԿ
ҶٴνӡŴɱһҲţˣ־Ȼһ̣رա
ʲôûãβնɱҲҪУħֻʵٶ̫죬ѾҶȲס
ٿâħ⽣âֻͨͨħֻʵۺϯ
ƵڰҶȣӺ󷽹ħֻʵۡ
ħֻʵ۾ںЩںֻһɱ˿Դ־Ĺ䡣
Ĺ֮񣬾䣬ԶŴսԽˣʤ
־ҪҶץ顣
Σʱ̣Ҷ˫ַֿһԲΡϡϢҫ۵âǰԺѰӿ
Ҳرۣ
ħֻʵְȫڴ֮ϡ
ǴץԲâħֻʵɭɭЦоһܰԲâץ飬һ̣ܰҶԴŤ
ôҲ벻جεĿʼ
䣡ħֻʵ۴ѪͻȻըԲâѪֻ֮ħֻʵ塣
ʲôʲô־Ϊ˿ֲħֻʵۿû£ѳϵ˺âҪ߹һ鿪
Ҷȵ˫ͫŴԪӰЦԶ֪
䣡
Բâ˲䱬ը˲ħֻʵۿƵľ޴ħ壬ըûΪѪѪֱ
ã˾ڵֵع벻Ҷܽħֻʵնɱˡ
֮ҲǴģħֻʵ̫ˣⳡս֮УΪֲĴڣʵκϹŶڤعǶ֡
ֻ֣æѹ
ڱɱһѪҲû¡
ħ֡عǰĵ̾̾
ˮ֮Ǭ𡢷ŴӺ󷽶סعҪԸˣħֻʵѡٻޣԸһ׸أһˣѡ񣿡
ҪɱңЩû
عƿնȥ׷һᣬû׷ȥ
׷׾ۼգħֻʵ鷳ɿ
һᣬ󲿷׶ȥ˺Ϣ
򣡡
Ϊ˸ȡϢʱ䣬ҶһͷŹ硣
һܵ־Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
Ԫ˼飬ֻǴ߶һ־Ȼ˽һ롭ҶУԽԽ
ҪΪ߶Ԫ̫־
ɱ
ϹŶٴսǿϣֹǰ
֮󣬹ٴһܵѹƣľƬΪʥ硣
Ҷ룬ͨ˫ͷħֵʵѾԪԪ۷塣


2495 ʤ
ħ֡ĳ𣬱һΪ㱨ģ
ʧعڵ󷽡
һӡ֮󣬴Χִǿߡ
ںޣҪٻǿ񣡡
ǿԽԽ࣬򣬶һǶǻĴڡ
֣ǱΣٻޣعִһԪ
ڤ˻ƵӷĴ֮Χɱ޷κңսΣ
ħ֡ձƵٻޣΪ񣡡
ǶԲ˿ɵֵӦÿٴδ
֮ǰ缸ΧɱҸϵʱѱնɱ
ҵʧôأ
֣ʱˣӦóصĿѴɣԴҲˣҲǻ飬ûҪȥǳǵģȥҶ
ðɣ׻ڱ׾ٴζ緢һιעñɱΧ

ع·Ȼǰ֮ĵǿߡ
ˣλǱٴ緢עڻɢ˷ֵܳ磡
ǸԸΪ׳һУǿûһ
񣡡
عٻޡ
µĵŻǰ٣Ż󿪣Ȼʮɾ޴ޣƺûкڵȴѡ
࣡
ʮޡ
ಣ
ԸȼգΪںϣһλһλ
ʿԽԽ٣ʮԽԽǳ˱Ŀ⡢ԴŶ
аϢ
󷽡
ϢλףͬʱӦһı仯
˾ˮ֮ȷɳϢҲ룬ɫء
Ҷȼλף˵ҸӦʮϢϢʱʱ̿ӣعҲعӿµ񣡡
Ϣ̫аȥʮҲﵽħֻʵָ߶ȡĿǰֹʮǿ񣡡
Žſˣٻٻ֧Ԯʽٴζ֣ǲɴ⣬һСģ󷨣飡
ʱ䣬ͬһ˾
˾䣬Թ֮жĴڣûϹŶ£Ҳֻд˾һ˿֡
񣡡˾ӡ
ˣ
һӰͬʱÿԺ
֪ˣ
ɢǴȫĿǰ״ȷӦðգǱٻ׻ع飡
ʱ䣬ƿΪ־Ӷȥ
λʮλϹŶ½磬Ҫеλ׻˵
̫ˣ
ʮϹŶµǿߣǶǲμӹԶŴսԪĴڣǲսĻʵ϶Եس

ʮȥռ䣬Ӵڲ򣬳˺ѹѹӰ
һŹϢǿߣʱˡ
ٶ֮죬ɳ죬ʮҡ
ϹŶ
ʮǿλǰһͬߺף
Ǭ˾ˮ֮񣺡ж
˾Ҷȣְ취һɱȥں󷽣ͷ־գЩֱ֣
ˮ֮񣺡ҿһְ취Уʵ̫ǿ󣬵ԵĻǻԴֻеڶ֣֮ǰҲܵвЩ׸ֹ
ͬ⣡
Ҷͷ
λȥͷԼ־ɣ˾ʮǿ
Ǻ֮ܿǰϣһҲʼı䡣
ɣ
ҶĪаͽ𡢹¶ǧϹŶսǰҲ׳ū֮
˾ֶˣʱ̵ˣǱ뵲סΪ׾ҪҲĿǰǻÿԼǰ񣡡
עڽ죬иĺȵ
־
׿ʼͷԼƿ־ں־ǿաƿ־һǾӵƿ
֮
һһƯǰգռ첻١

ͻȻ䣬žձսЦơ
ٴɱˣʮͷħֻʵۻҪ޴񣬳ƿռ䣬ֱⷽײ
Ƭںϡ

Ҷȷ˹ͷŴߵĴ𣬼־ӡ֮ڵɱǰᣬ׷׹£ʼֲĽꡣ
׹䣬֪ٵʿնɱ
ʮĲȴδ赲Ѿǰ
Ҷ

ʮˣ֪֮ǰǿ˶٣Ǻ޿־طɳ
Ҷͷλƣǯʮжٷ
׷׷ͬǶ֪ǺεȵĴڣ죬Զž͵κƿصĴڡ
飡
ͬ޴һǰײһ𣬸첲Ը첲ֶԴ֣ͷ­ͷ­ײˡ
֮ռƣȻЩ֣ǲ¾綾Լ㲻֣Ҳж
־Ọ̈̄
׳ˣ̫ʼǰһǰ˫֣һû̫ʼ
ҲѪݣ֮ҲͻĹǴ̣һ̫ʼҲܵӰ졣
ֻߵľͨȪ̸ո׹£ͱٶ
Щعٻս̫ˣһսһףȻһ͡

һ
ͬסĹһնֳѪˣŹǴ̣뽣濹⡣
̣
ƴһͻȻɱϳƵĹ̻һ񱳺󣬵ֻҳһѪҲʹֱС
ࡢšˮ֮񡢴˾Ǭ𡢳ơ纺綼֣ϾȻ޷նɱ񣬵ȴ赲ǰĲ
໣
ӺͻȻɱԾЩʿЩ񣬼ЧȴҲ޷ѹǡ
Сģ
׶ʱĵĸоһɱ񣬶ôˡ

һˣͻȻƿնڹսռ䡣
ƣӿ񣬶ֳ֮ס
Ͼʿ˾
ǿףϾʿ
ޱߣ
һƾ˰׳ˣһȭϯ
컯
һɱ
Ī죡ͷĽ֯һͬ磬Ͼʿɡ
Ƕû䣬ֻɰˣַ׷վɱ
Ī졢Ͼʿĺãͷ־պ⣡˾ʱߺһ䡣


2496 սƽϢ
Ͼʿ

Ī죡
׼ʱϻȻûнɱˣֹǰ
ҪʱֶǶĹ裿
׶ԸЩ񡭡
׻˺ۣպͷŵ־֮Ȼʵδָʵȴ񣬴ﵽһ߶ȡ

ҶȻǵͷŸӾ˵Ĺ
ΪﵽõķӣʼԼʵʼ߶򣬺ͨʱʱܴ̿˫ͷħմ˵
־컯
ͷųӾ˵Ĵͨ
컯ȳƿ־ںϡ
ˣ
֮гľЩ֮еӰҶȣյޡ
Ҷ־Լʵں־ͷţ־ͷŵͶӰޣζţҶȵĳЩ棬ѾԽԽޡ
̫ˣ׵ľ
ս
ʮֵǣ˺Ҳмǿ񾻻䣬Կѹ
ಣ
֮
ƿն

ɷ𣡡

ף
˻ף
һβˣȻӿϢ
ÿһ׶˶ռ䣬Ҳ¶ɵЦݡ
˾ǹͨ־ĪףԶЩɱ

֣
عǹƯڵ󷽣еǿߡ޶ڳռ䡣
˿̣һЩϢҲˡ
ڤһ֣ȥҲƣϹŶʮͷ
ûһ˿ȥû¡
Σڤع
عȵ޷սв٣ͷƣȫǣ
֣óˣ˵ǣǶֲסԱһϹŶڵˣԼﻰ˵
ڤĬãȻģЭˣðɣع֣ɽ硢ͳ˧·ǳˣ׷ɱȻе󣬳ʮ⣬˿ʼˣ
ಣ
عϽӡһгǧط·
ִǰսȥ
أ
ڼս֮еսͻȻͳĺŽ֮
ҶͷŸӦֵӺ󷽿ʼ׷ͣͶսĲǿʼ롣
ĪҪˣ
ǺϢӦ֪ǵڳˣʲôֶΡ
һʱ䣬ҶȷռսĵǿߣҲȻ뿪ƺ
ҶȰѺϢȥλѾ˴㣬ǴϺˣҲʧпܵȫ泷ˣ
ٺ٣ڨڨЦ
Ҳ˿ʱҲһЩߡ
˾˵λλˣǾͲ׷ɱǧٿףǵûص죬ҴҲҪˣҲҪ
װ׷Źᣬʵڿϧ̫ʼһӺ޲ðѵȫû
ǶԸǵٻסǣǰȫ磡ˮ֮˵
˾Ӧټֻᣬȵ׳˺Ǿͷȫʮͷնɱ
Ϣһʿ񰡡
ٶԽԽԣսֻʣº˵еʿһˡ
Ҳʼˣײϳ֣Ȼɱռ䣬Ҳû׷ȥǰѾκӰӡ
ˮ֮ףʣʮͷǽնɱʮͷ񣡡
ãҼΪ컯ȣ
ȻѳˣͲչޱ߿ռ䡣
ӡ֮󣬳ڵļռ䣬ΧйϢʧˣָĺڰա
ռݣ
ôһռ䣬Ҷ˵С˼ˡ
ھһδβס񣬲ǳɱΧͻȻΪ˺ʵĹݣȼ
ߣ
ūԼǣɳռ䡣
ʮ׷ɱҶ״̬£һ龻ֱӽ֣޷ڶʱƳ硣
־֮𣡡
ȼգ
ʮ˲ȣҲ־ٹ˼ͷųÿ˶һ
ȣ
ȳΪ硣
ʮǿҲвλֵ
򣡡
õʱΧҲûвҶȿʼ߶ͨ컯ںϣѾ׷ڡ
ֻһ֣󲿷ֶ
أ
ǲٷҲͽ͵ģǱյѪⲻϻΪҽҽڸ˹ȵϷ
磬棡
Σ޷ʮٻصУѩܵǿ
鶼ǵʿޡޡ
Ҳû֮ǰɱǰţڶĬĬصɽ硣
عӸ߿գڤֶ
֣ǻزˣʮλףԼڵĲþ֮عҡҡͷ
ڤǱȻģ粻֮ͻ¼ԪͨЩ׸ǣҵʥڤۣ벻ǹ׵ķڤǳˣ
ع޵뵽ףһɱҪɱʥڤۣ
˻صʥڤ۵ڣڤ֮Ŵ
·

һ׽ӡȻˡ
ôѴﵽԪԪ۷塭˳ơ纺ˣ׶뵽ҶȻʱ򣬻ʵ
˾ˮ֮ϾʿҲ¶ɫҲվף˵ʤ
˾ͷϣڻиʱεս硢ɽ硢´飬ԼаҪڶʱȫɾ

񻶺ش
ϾʿҶȣҲףǻΪϷӡͷףҲûϢɣ

Ҷнͨ׼ںϣ֮еͨ˫ͷħ֡
ڵֶ̫ˣһ֮ͿԿⷽ˵Ѿﵽ޵ĸ߶ȣκ׶޷񼣡
簲
Ҷ纺գ죬ٿ磬Ѿǧٿףĩսʧأ𣬴Ԫʼϵǿ䣬Ĵ󲿷ֶµ
컹ֶܼãս֮о纺Ҷȱ˴һУ纺ǳǳ΢Ц
Ҳ꣬Ҳǧ궼пܣӵͷ͵Ϯȱⳡĩսа»໥ɱõ죬ǾͿںܶʱ䣬ٵĴۣɱ
ҶֵҪʵΪδﵽָ߶ȣ
ϴ󣬺ٺ٣
ƳˣֺǺǵЦСӣսһȥˣɫѰ
ǵڲнҶһ
ƵͷǰҲǸղŲ֪ɱн񹬣͸ӦԮƿԸϹȥΪн񹬽Χˣ


2497 ӡ
˵ϴ㿴죬ô˸оʱƵģ
Щǰ˵ܼһʱ䣬пʱ飬ǱüӿУ
Ҷȳ˼һᣬɫұ뻹ҪЩʲô
纺ʱ
ƴ֮Уδѵ񼣣ҵͷ־ЩٻȻԵںϣһһЩ֮ٴǿº󣬻Ҫ취ǵʵ
ٻ£ֻϴΪӵдԪԶſʼ񶼽־ͷŸ죬նɴԪ֧ŷ
²˳٣ǿʼУϢһ󣬾ȥ죡
սŸս
˵ʵսԶԶδֹͣ
ʪĺڰռ䡣
գԽ
ϿգǺڰ磬Ƭ
ЩƬնᱻɡ
Ż֣
ͷ磬ּЦݣ׷׽ӡ
ˣ
ǧĺڰâ٣γɲٵŻЩŻŵڤƣ˸оһ
Իؼˣ
ؿţֻҪͨŻǾͿԻصΥĵ
ΪŻ޷򿪣
ŻǽӡŻ˿
˳ԣ޷ԦŻЩŻյͨǴԽʮ˲ͨ
ǲУγԣԽԽʧ
ӷĵնӵڵǰ
ô£
׳˶Ӱƿն
ʮ˲ʣףʮףͬԭۡū졢סħ׶ĩս
ףŻ޷ӦԴϢ޷
ӭӡ
һ״ȣˣǵ磬ǵĵǵıԴ־
ᣡ
ԽӡΧŻںΪһ޴ĵŻ
ٴαһͬӵŻŻûжһҲûС
ŻƯڵ֮ϣνӡ޷ɹ
һ׳Żƿأ⴩磬ھȻûжֻһܣ˸ı˵ݵķ޷ӦԴ
һ޷ؼˣʧ̾Ϣ
ˣ
ϹŶӸ߿
ڤعԼϹŶüͷɱĿ⣬Ҳ֪¡
һԣ
عŻͷŵâ־籾Դ־뱾Դںϣ
ͣ
Ż֮䣬γ˵棬ǻ־оǴǿӰ
ٿ
ۿŻҪںϣԵͻȻϨ
Ȼ˸ı˵뷨򣡡ع𺳵̾
ֻд׿һϹŶ˵
ڤȻһŭ벻·˶ˣǿлݣؼң
а֣ݴ飬ǻصΣʱ˫ͷħɱʲôȥֵƽҲ𣡡عˡ
ݣ˭᣿̫ڤ
̫ڤͲˣڤعȻϹŶʵҲԶԶ̫ڤ޲ݡ
ȻС
ʵݣǻ֮أ
عŭѵǾڤǣ
һϹŶףпܣôܸı䷨ߴûʵǹ׵ķʥڤҲ޷
˵Ǿڤ˴ףõʮ
ܣʮҪѰôʱ䣬ͱڤõ
ʮĴڣֻЩϹŶ֪ǵڤ֮ǰиǵ־
ô죿
ĴϹŶһ޴롣
򡢷ıˣҲڰıԴжϣ޷ӦıԴǾ޷ͨݻص
žʧǺڵսš
֮ţѾرգ
ͻȻһƽӵݿտش
һŭɶʥڤۣ
ȷߴĿⶸȻȼ
ڤֶ󱲣ô״ͨ
ǵ־Ĵڣ㻹ֿ´ף
ݼףҲǻصԶط𣡡
ô׳֣ͽԹ׵ķûʸ뱾ԻڤƳЦ
ڤѾƿصķּңŻԶǷӡٻӭЩͽ
Ǿͱǲݣ
蹷ɷ蹷ЩϹŶǰйĶʮףǵӪ׵־ĩսȻǶǱЩ׵־Ƴģûа취밴ǵԸ´﷨ּ˭վظ˵ⳡսйأ
ұЩϻҪҡҵĵģʥڤۣǲϿ֮ţھ͹ݣ
ɣǿڤ³Լµ壡
ŷ˵꣬ڵĵŻŻһ򿪣˵񹬡
һڸ߿գǱ㶤֮ϣԾڤͷ
֣
ϹŶŭѡ
񣬼ǱϵͷŵѾʧ˻ꡣ
ڤѾڵ¶֪µ࣬Ҳµϵλƿص
˵ףκ˶޹ģǱ׹ƻˣҪص׻ӭǣǡǻصǾͽԼͷ֮ϣԸܳͷ
Ц
ڤ֮Աǣ㵱ʲôͿ֧ûǣֻл𣬱㻹ûʶ࣡
ʲôǱѵ׵Ըĩսǿ뿪ʱǧж˻ŻЩ꣬ǱֱӺ
ʿ֮׼ǿд򿪱ݣعڤĿ
ҿڤ
ܹݣ
Щǿ߲Ը֡
ڤɱڣԸⱻ𣿴ݣ޸ݵİ취ʲô
棬ڻ֪ڸģ
ͻȻ䣬ڤϵӵ
ף
񾪴ˡ
ڤϹŶˢˢӵãٴ򿪵֮ţɲٿڤѪٷһ·
棬ҵĸףͲѵڤ䷴ʵ
ڤһжߵ֮ڤǴߵ񼣣ǿʵޱߵʮ˲
Ǹ׵ĺᣬˣҲǸ׵ĺᣬ׵˵е磬Ǿַʽرǵĸף
ǲң
󣬴ʱڤʲôˡ
һǿѾŲڵı顣
ھ͸һѡˣھͿԻصڤ粻棬ǾԶطɣҲȥʮ˲֮磡ڤΡ˵
ݣ
عͻȻɭɭ´﷨

һˡ
ЩĴϹŶǰ׵šҡ
Ϳкͣ
Ϸĵ֮ţͻأֻڤŴǿ߳Ż֮С


2498 ڤ
ŻøӾˣ
ڤԱǷһԵľͷʵﵽ׸߶ȡ
ף
񣬶ڤ
ڤԼЩףǻִԲ򣿡վһԣƵ˵
عĮȻһȣʲôִԲ򣿵ڱ£ػ𷲽硢ɽ硢Լ죬ʱһ飬ֻʣµǵΨһĴڣ
Ҫףʵ޷ȵģĿǰҪһ֧ţЩ״յ飡
Ǿ֪һ㣬ųû磬Ϊǿսѵд𣿡
һϹŶȻ
Ϊ˵
ڤһɨˣ״˽Ϊõȥ磬ΪΨһ磬ֻǸһе磬ǲܵų⣬״˴δһõȡ
Ǹڤѵǲ֪뷨ڤĿһ᣺˵Щʲôãףڴ򿪵֮ţǻԵףȻ
Ҫɱ˱ڤʡ
Ҫųףڤֱ˵
ûѱ׷Ҿʹ游Żڤ߳뿪Ż
Ҳ뿪Ż
Ҫ·

ڤţԭطӶ

ɳ֮ٶԽԽ죬ȫȼϵ棬ָһץĺɫָӡڤɱ
򣡡
ڤָϵɫۿʼ趯ǰ˺Ϣָӡռ䣬ͻȻѵĿռΪ˺״̬
ǣ
󷽹ָӡҲ˲⡣
䣡
һɵħ⣬ڤһɱѱռ飬ƬдһģƬֱڤ
ᣡ
ڤ˫һϡ
ΧĺٴᣬڤĽоҲ޷ڶһ£Ƕڱռ䡣
꣡
һѪ棬ڤȼգΧռʱѺۣĽݵһ̳

ڤǽģ΢΢ָһ㡣
ɾɲײڤʧ٣ǽҲ˲ʧ
ڤٴηһ𺳣ܣʵﵽ˸߶ȣ
Ϊں˸µʮǸ׵ʮ˵־ڵңѽӽĸף
ôôʱ䣬ҵʮԪҵһַ
ǰ׵ǿ޷ģµʮЩҵģǸ׵ѪȻȻԸӦʮԭʮ˲ıԴȥںϣҲǸ׵־һںϣ׵־ͻὥڵʧ
ǽ챾һҪɱ㣬Ȼں˵ĻǵĻ·
ϧװ׸˸ףעҪǾڤһͷ֮ϣԶ
ǶǶɱһŮӣǵˣ
ڤſһ磬ԵĽڤϯ
ͷ𣿡
ЩԽں˵оǳһ㡣
žžž
ڤҲͷųʱԽײһ𣬿ռ䱻˺飬˫顣
⣡
ڤһ磬һѪâ
Ĳ𣡡
ѪâڤΧ˴ѪɫڤƣоҪڤ˺飬ǽڡ
֮ȣ
ͻȻ䣬ڤʧˡ
ٴγ֣Ȼֳһڤ
Сģڤ
֮ţͷΪڤһѺΪ֮ȣ̫ڤǰʹõҲԵ񼣡
ͳþ֮
䣡
֮ڤʵ̫ǿˣһڤ޷Ҽ硣
ڤΪڤˣڤͻȻͬһ鿪
ڤһûܵ˺֮ȣҸҲʱصҵУ길ӵ֮ȣػ
б¾ȡأڤѾɥʧ˱ԣʱħǰѾΪа̰ħͷ
ʮӡ־
ڤ֪Ժεȵƿ
ڤڤչһ̣ڤѾץ֮ϣʮ˹ȼյĻ棬ס֮ȡ
ڤæȼյĻ档
־ع飡
ʮ˵ʱڤһץΪʮ˵⣬֮ȣڤһ֮Ҳڤƿ֮Уڤһͬʧ
ಣ
ڤһֳ֮ȣӡʼʧ֮ӿԴڤʼںϡ
񣡡
̫֮ڤķǵ
ڤܵϹŶ𾴣ΪȨˣʵΪӵ֮ȣǱڤջȥȨҲ߽⡣
䣡
ڤ塢ͻȻȼһâ
һĻˣڤȻΪһɾ޴İˣϰ塣
ڤ𣿡
Զţ̫ڤһռ䣬ѹް
̫ˣȫаĻ
ǵ֮ŵĵǿߣǵ֮ǿߣǰ˰Ĺסˡ
䣡
Ϊڤƿռ䣬ڤǰֱſڤҧȥҪڤȥ
Ҹ׸һ·ΪϾͷͷȴΥ׵־֮ȣ
ڤСĿڤѪȴ죬ץס֮ȣһ̻ӳڤƣϡ
ۣ
Ѫ⣬֮顣
ͻͻ
ڤʹȣڤ¡
֣һ֮
عȻɱ˳
ͳͳһ֣ҲҪѹ
ڤ֣ʧȥ
ͻͻͻ
ڤϷ֮ӰѸײڶ֮ƣڤĺ󱳣ҵѪĽ
عĶӦҰɣ˺ģ
ڤһܵشǱĺܡ
عɱƶӭĲڤǷʥڤۡ
ΪֱĻ쵰عŭ֮ðڤƷŷ֮Χɱ
ϹŶڼ޵еľͷǰҲСඣˣΧӿʮƣΧɢ
䣬κʡ޷ֵʮƵع̫С߿Լ֪ʮƻţʱѪۡ
ߣ
ڤڤشΣּعǷ֣벻صֽһձܶȥ
ϹŶһҲա
ʣ´󲿷񣬶ڤʵŵôľ
Զɣڤû׷ɱڤУ˿ûȥ׷ɱ壬ʼڤֻǵһ͡
ȵң
عѪ֮кһȻ˵˵زֻ֪·һƴѪ׷ȥ
عҪô֣һ־Ͳߣʮӡ
ƿعǰָſعһץ

һâסع
Щâ֪Ժδƺ޴ڣ֮н٣һȦһȦѹع
عҲϹŶľѹһֱţϧһôҲûУΪ֪ԵǺεȶ֡
֣ȾңȾҰʮâع޷֣׾ˡ
ϧǰգͲڤӰӡ
˭ܾ


2499 
عǰʱڤһͷƣع֪𣿡
֪
ع־ؿգˣ֪нֽ֣ʱͲ÷λɱǣ
Ϊ벻عش𣬷ɱ⣬ɱ⡣
ڤϹŶ游״ˣ粻׸ı䣬ȻҪҵ־Ӵڤ־Զ֮ϣ
ʲôǲĴڣḴ
ûб־㻹ΪƾڵıԴܸ̫ˣˣȥ
ǣ
ڤһ£ǵ֮߳ǿߣع֮š
ڤߣأǿɨӰǿߡ
ϧ˴ǿߣԼڤմһǿȥ
׷ڤ£ӱǺڱѵ־
ؿ֮ţЩǿ߻ع硣
С㣬ܷŹЩԼףزþ֮ڤߡ
þ֮ҪģЩףԶգ粻ŹǣǲǽǳΪ޼ҿɹߣ
С㣬ǻȥɣ
һҪںϸ׵־ʼı׼ӭӽĴ٣
ڷ£ڤ֮š
еŻ˲ƿʧ
磡
죬ȱڡ
ˣ
һӰ
ȱ֮ڣ̫ۼͷͷ񼣣ѹȱ֮¡
̫ȻӰף
λǰҶֻǹһЩ£ҶϹŶʩ
磬ڻع죬ΪһõҶ𾴡
ĩսױ׹Щˣѣۼ˵
ҶֻǾԼı𵱳Ĺ̫֮΢Ҷǫ˵
ˣ
Ӻ󷽽ٶһӰĹǣ
һҶԱߣʵףٻ˯񼣣
ſԣһԲ֪Ҷȱȭ֪жδѵ񼣣
಻֪Ҳ֪䣬񼣾ͻ˯ṩҵԶŴսе״뿪죬Կе񼣣˯硢ɽ硢磬޵
Ϊ񼣶ڴ죡
ȻǣԶŴսΪѹ磬һ֮뿪죬һڴԿ˫ͷħ֣е񼣣пƿս硢ɽ磬һ뿪죬Ҫ뻽̫ˣ񼣾ѵĹ
һԡ
ĹһҶȴӿҰ
ԱߣҪ֪һޱڴȱµϹŶҲĿ
ٻ񼣣
Թû
ҶȽͷųâΧΪ硣
֣׿𣿡̫־ӰȱڷɳԱߡ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ĩսһУԶԶǵԤϣеҲĪҹ˼ϸ壬ûаյ飬ǲģ
̫૳̾ǰںϵںϴԪЩѾԽ˹̫֮ڤЩֵܣ
ڴɣʼעҶһһ
־
ãҶȿʼӡͷԼ־־ںϣſʼ߶Ԫ
ҪӦ񼣡
ֻдԪԪ־񼣵־һѴԪ־ͷųں־ͶŴ졢硢ɽ硢磬ôЩ񼣾ͻӦԪͷųͬ־ȻӦ
һж˳¡
Ҫ̫ˣҪֵϣǿʵԼԴƿأؼҪԦԪ־
׵־ȻԽ˴Ԫ̫󾪣Ҳףܵ־֮УҶȵϢ
Ҳʮ𺳣ѾԽЩˡȥȻҲﵽָ֮߶ȣ̶Խ󣡡
Ľϣˣ
ϹŶǶ̾Ϣ
ޱߵ磬ޱߵɽ뷲磬ҵ־ѾǴ󲿷ֵգ־Ѱɣ
Ҷȿʼ߶Ԫڲ108񼣵־Ȼʱ֮У־
ޣҶȸоԼһ־ֹ״̬ںϣֻкڰֲԼǿռƤңԼڿռ
Ԫ־
þ֮󣬴Ӵ޴ʱգһ
񼣵־񼣣
ҶȾϲ˫ͫӡ־ΪεͻȻ䣬ǰճһϾâ
񼣣
̫ۡĴϹŶâ
ǡ񼣣ۼ̾
ǰ񼣵Ϣȷ񼣣ûлͺãӡ񼣹âٶ
һȻɽâ֮УȻû̫ǿҵϢ񼣲١
־ѡ
Ҷ
߿ʼӡƿͨʼӦϢúãǾ񼣣
ʲô񼣣һǵáۡ𣿡
Ȼǵã֮֮һǿĴڣΪҲˣ
ǰ񼣱ȱ񼣻Ҫϣ
ϹŶ𺳲ѡ
񼣡񼣣Ӧû񼣰ɣ
ҶȣһâҲһɽɽ֮ڣܼһС
ˣ
һƿնֽŴ
ǡ񼣣
񼣣̫ˣ׵۵񼣣
ϹŶһϲ
ˣ
ոֳһâִһ
Ҷȿ񼣣һɫ񼣣͸ɭаϢ
ƿնâǡ񼣣
겻֪Ϊ䣬ӦҲ˫ͷħɱڴĳʱգ
񼣣񼣻عˣĺܡ
һṦڸ߿֮ϣͳ񼣡
񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣣һ񼣶Ƿǳǿģһѣܱü̡
꣬ͻȻû˶
֪ȥǧꡣ
ˣ
ʱֳ
֮ϹŶһ޷ţ¾Ȼ񼣿ʼѡ
ɣһץƴ־Ҷƿϣץסǵâ
񼣣
ۣ
ϹŶͬʱһ۰ǿǿһ֮񼣵Ĵڣ
ǰ108񼣣Ψһһһ֮񼣵Ĵڣϧ񼣵󲻾ã۾ˣľеһ֮˲񼣣
һܵ񼣣
ϹŶǶԻҶҲˡ
޷һƳɹġ
벻ؾȻ־ͷڡ
񼣡
һǡҹ񼣣
ҹ񼣣ҹ֮ڼ֮Уҹ֮Ϊʵǿһˣ
ҹ񼣣ع飡
ӡ֮־ƿһâա
â֮УȻһѪĳ
ֶһֻһֻĺɫ
ҹ񼣡
ððһӶ񼣣벻֮Уûбѣ
һϹŶϲ


2500 ʮһ񼣳
񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡ҹƯգȻûͷųʥǿϢһںϣޱǿ
ҶգͷŴԪ־Ӧ֮е־Ϣ
ȥ
ҲûκϢӦ
ҶȿʼѸӦͶ硢ɽ硢֮С
ಣ
ԶӰƿնԨ۾ʥϹŶ
λǰҶҪϣɽ硢֮УӦ־ԭҶҪϹŶæ
һɽ籾Դһ籾ԴĴڣȻ˵һͳ硢ɽ磬ȷʵǿƿߡ
׶˵֪ҶҪٻ񼣣Ҳһ
־޵Ͷȥɽ硢綼ޱȾ޴磬ߣӵдԪϸҲ޷Ͷڴȥ
綼Ҷ־Ͷ֮£ڷ֮УܵҶҵѪϢɽӦŵϢӲ˵ˣ綼־
ˣ
ֹȥꡣ
ͻȻ䣬ҶԨ۾ʥ˵־
ۼ̾Ϣˣ
ֹһڴš
ҶȲϽӡԨ۾뷲ʥҲͷ־ͨҶȵ־ƿͨıԴͷŴͨϢץȥ
񼣣Ҷȥơ
֮ĵ⻪Ԩ۾뷲ʥƿ£·ռ䡣
Ȼ񼣡
ҶͫҲͷųһƿץһâ
񼣣񲻿š
񼣣ҵ񼣣ǲ˼鰡֮ǰҵ񼣣һʮһ񼣡
콫һӶʮһ񼣣ôҲָȡ˴ʱ䡣
Ԫ񼣣
񼣣
ʤ񼣣
ɽ񼣣
񼣣
âƿն֮ϣһϹŶӡֳ֮͸ɵϢ
񼣣Щͬһɽ񼣣ȻɽΣ涼ɫһ񼣣һģƵġ
֪׻ܲҵ񼣣̫ǰҶȣϣܶһЩ񼣡
ʥҡҡͷղŹ־Ͷŷ磬־ѾʱգӦûˣ
ĪҪӦɻ
ףƺʲôпܣ׵ķǵʥڤۣȥӦ˵ܸӦ
˵Ҷ֪û񼣣Ͷ־ҪǰһԸ
Ҳ֤ԼܷӴ죬Ӧ
ڵ֮Ƿ񼣣²ܣ񼣣ڤͷˡ
𣡡
Ҷȵ־ƯڵϷ΢΢ںϱݣһ֮䣬־ӱ֮г֡
ڿĽ磬Ӧ˴˵Ĵڣ־֣Ҷһ㲻İԼ־ֻ˺ڰԴˡ
ڤعˣŵһصǳΣعѱɱڤˣϹŶף򷲽ʮ˲֮Ŀ磬Զ𣡡
ǺϢһ粻ٵ㣡
벻˺Ϣ
ֵСѿںϵƿصʱʮ˲ữΪһ磬ǷᳬԽڣ
пڤģȻĩսˣܵĶˣδ̫ǿˣָоڻû󶯾һƴһɱ죬ػ𣬵ʱһͬԿ壬ǴԿƽ٣
һС̸̸־ش
ҶȵͷʼջƯڵϷ־
ˡ
־󲿷뿪ʱв־ʮ˲֮ĵϿʧ־֮УȻ޵Ļ龻֡
ʲôϢ
Ҷͷ־ӿ޵ϷһӦӦʲô
ڤӦޱߵĵ֮УӦǵϢɣҶҡҡͷʼջ־
һ޺嫵磬ʮ˲磬̫ڤڷ·ĵУɡ
ʮ˲Χûоͷĺڰǿ߽УҲʧ޷УĽأ̫ڤ־ܣ󲿷ֵڵڰʱ㡣
ҶҲû־ף־ܿ뿪Ȼʧڷ硢ɽ硢硣
λǰ
˫ۣҶȱڤڵڳϹŶ
ϹŶ˭ֳƿ죬Ҳⳡĩսǵײ߻ģϾҲ˽̫ڤΪڤĺᣬǲԪսõһͬ١
˭ףĽ֧֮Ľ磬ֱսʵһ޴ɱΪӿĽ֡
˿̣Ϸյ񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡ҹ񼣡񼣡Ԫ񼣡ʤ񼣡ɽ񼣡񼣡
ʮһ񼣣Ȼҵʮһ񼣡
ĩսʼ֮ǰҵЩ񼣣ȻԤ֮ںϣĩս޷ƻ졣
ʮһ񼣣ʮһ֮ʵԳһء
˭ֻ뵽Ҷٻ񼣣Ҫ֪ĽҲߵһ
ʵ֪Ҷô
ûдﵽԪΪҲ޷Ľٻ񼣣ֻеǿʵſԷԼĸ
ǿܻܸ̫硭
̫ͻȻˣÿ˶ܸˣȴܵģʮһ񼣲յĻ޷ͷ־ػߣҲֻڲ߶񼣣޷ںϣֻ־ȫںϣܷӳӦ
ֵǿߣں񼣱ɣ۵ò¡
ûô򵥣
ңҲ֪Ϊ񼣻ҪԤ֮ӣΪԤ֮Ӿһףǰ־ڤڤ֮֮飬ԴӹҪȵԤ֮ӣȻڴſ񼣳֣Բˣ־Ͽɣ
ЩһֱӡΪԤ֮ûгֵԵʣ˶ˡ
ˣҪͷʮһ񼣣ͱҵӦʮһԤ֮ӡ
ʱȥԤ֮ӣǧ磬ҪһʿȥӦǾǼԪҲһ
ף
ĿٴҶϣҲĺܣΪǲ飬ǲǣ
ҲǺ벻һھ仰ðҶȾһѡ
Ѱ񼣣ˣնɱͽںϲþ֮ҲˣںϹڰû㻹ˣҪѰԤ֮ӣҲֻȥģ
ǰףѾںϴԪĴڣֲܶһʮһ񼣣ҵǵˣ
ϣˣϣˣ
̫ۡʥԨ۾ͬǷ˶ϣҶϡ
Ҷüͷ治֪ܲ
΢ЦԼҲ㣬ˣȥΪûжʱ䣬־ĩսһģ治֪֮󡢻ǧ֮˫ͷħ־ܻȱڣɱ죬ʱǾûʱ뾫һ񼣸գ


2501 ʮһԤ֮
̫̾ǰѾûʱ䣬ЩϹŶ죬׶ˣֻܰ񣬽㣡
ҶȱȭоͷͻȻȻˣҶȾһԣλǰģҶһᾡȥҶһͷ
ͷϹŶǶ
λǰӦ֪Сɣ
С磿
Ȼ֪ģǴ֮еĴڣǴµ磬ҲǴԪڵʱգ
ں˴Ԫ֪Сںδ
ͻȻϹŶѾɾȣЦݡ
ҶȵռԪƬʱҵС磬ҵʮһλںϵԤ֮Ӻ󣬾ʹǽС磬СաУ
Ԩ۾ףãõİ취Ҫʱ½׵ʵѾʧȥֻС磡
ӡâӿʮһںâ֮Уף񼣾ͽˣȥɣ
ǣ
Ҷâʩתʧڴ졣
ǹ֮־ڤڤָ֮ǣָ硭ϹŶĿҶȶȥûһ˵񼣵ȥΪŹ֮񣬸־ѡ
磡
ʱ֮¡
ѼӰӣҶ񷣬ͷ־

ǧķߣ˷֡
ҶֱӽȣȻص죬ڰ;纺ơ硢棬һͬȥ
ʱ׳һƬʲôûеķʱա
㶵ؿ˿һҲûãС磿
ٺ٣ȻǴľڣôܱ֣ⷢǵ
ҶȿˣС缸ǳԽĴڣںϣһֶ״̬Ǵ飬Сֳ
ᣡ
ҰҶȿʼͷͨҪľͷŴԪ־
ٿ
һǰʲôûеգͻȻһЩϵâǰͳһԼԼľ硣
С磡
ߣҶͷһ־âҷ򾧹磬֮ȱھͳǰ
󾪣ɻʵСôҲģ
ҶҡҡͷʵҲû뵽֪˫ͷħִС磬Уִ˴Ԫҽȥˣ
ٴͷ־֮С
С缴һӣһҲ޷룬Ȼӡӡ
գۼ䣬ϵСǰ·Ǵ˫ͷħʯʬ壬ҲһУ˫ͷħŪġ
ƺ޲ðЩħʬ飬ĵүүģǶԸʮͷ˫ͷħ֣ףﾹȻͷ˫ͷħ֡
̾ôİħ֣ܻС죬Ԫʹô֮䣿
֪ٴɱ졭
ˣɫϾЩףĲ࣬108ף񼣵ܵشǵʵԲ˫ͷħֶ֣
ҶȰǵñǿС㹻ʵҲʮһԤ֮ӵȻǱȲԶŴ񣬵ǵԼ㰵ΣǾɱ٣ˣǵ־ҲԶŴ־ĳʱڣֻڤڤ֮еֻأ
Σٺ٣Եɡ
ಣ
һɣڴԪļ̨ϷٿΧʣһ硣
ҿʼУʱ䲻࣡
Ҷ֮纺ơ硢ķɢ֮գɽ֮С
̨ϣҶȴһ򣬻Ϊһ

з߳ˣʮӦ顢ҲУĪаԼķߣ׼Ҳֶ
λС磬ҲһеĵطĩսȻȡʤǻбĩսѵĴټ˫ͷħ֣ɱ죬һжԽǿԽܱ֤
ҶƯϷͷŹͷǵ־Ҫ֮ѡʮһԤ֮ӣʮһںϣ
һͷԼ־һ߿ʼռС
Ļᡣ

ʮһһһƯϷҶ룬߶Լ־ԼԪ־
ף
֮Уʮһǿػ־˻Ӧͳͳ𾴵Ҷʩ
ҶͷƣӣҲԸԸѣҪȴȥҲѡᣬĽʱܵĽˣҲЩػ־Ҳֻںϣ
˵ʲôǻᰴ־ȥ죡ʮһػһͬش
ͷǵ־汾־Ӧ·Щ֮ӣЩʸ־лΪף֪ڵȴԤ֮ӣûʱ䣬ǵȥڵȴЩ֮УֻҪһںϵĿܣǾͰ֮Уں棬ǣıڵķ־־Ҫںϣӵж־
ǣ
Ҷǿ˵ػһӡ
ҶȿʼͷŴԪ־־ͳͳ龻֮УȻʮһػߵ־Ҳ龻֡
ˣ
龻ּתͶŽ֮С
һʱ䣬ޱߵ־˲ѹзߵ־ǧǿߵϡ
ףҸӦһλ󣬿ǿõ־Ͽɣһʱһͷ΢΢񼣣ػߵ
Ҷȥԭҹ񼣡
ಣ
ҹػߵ־Ҷƿ£˲ץһӰ
ۣ
ԶһĴߣ峤岢Ĵڡ
ףۻһ£ԼҶǰžʩ
ǰѵõҹ񼣵Ͽɣھػ־֮УۣҶҲϲ
ۻδףͱһߡ
Ҷзߣʮһ񼣣зֻܵʮһˣһԵɣǿںϣ̫ʱ뾫壡
ˣ
һӰ
ҶȿԱߣԭ񼣡
ףλŮӵõ־ֵںϣԽ֮Уʼں񼣣ػ߹˵
Ůӣ
Ҷȥʱϲߺʦ𣡡
ԭâ֮Уǻ֪µֶۣ
ֶۺ⣬ƺδõϿɣȶô£Īұѡˣ
ϲʦˣٽ񼣰ɣҶȱֶ۸ˡ
ףҲѡһλ󣡡һλػ˵
Ҷȿ࣬ԭǺ񼣡
ϢǣģӰҶȾ͸ˡ
ΪΪĴڣ޵ˡͷֻǹɾˣǻġ
ˣĪұѡˣľϲҶȹ
Ǻ־Ͽ㣬ȥɣúں񼣣һںϵģҶ֮һͰѻ֮С
˭
ʵҶҲ֪ΪػߵѡΪõϿɵˣڶʱ䣬˳Ρ
ЩϹŶҲǿΪףҪپ೤ʱɣ


2502 ־Ͽ
ˣ
ڻıػ߽ߺһ񼣳ַӦ
񼣣
Ҷһ񼣣񼣸о˶Ĺâʵĳ
񼣡
Զһ϶ǿ񼣣108ǰ֮һ
ôң
һӰâ
Ҷ¶ֵɫ𣿺Ǻǣϲ㣬õ񼣿У֮Ϊ֮ػ߶ȥɣ
֮𣿡
â֮еĴ𺳵ؿâ
־ѡУȻЩҵԤϣǴߣ֮ĴڣܱѡУҲ֮У
ĿʹȥҶȼڴš

һâӿ֡
ҶθӾȣοΪâӦ顣
Ӧ鳤Ʈ΢΢ףҶЩ޷ţףѵҲϣΪ֮
ʦϲ㣬ѾԪ־ϿɣᱻںϣΪ֮ӴʥؽǿԸջɣ
Ԫ񼣣
â֮еӦ飬·𿴵˸ܿͰ
ףҲѡһλ󣡡ʱһػߴ
ҶһǺ񼣣ҲǺܹϵ񼣣ЩͬѰһ񼣡
ﻹ壿
ǡˣ
Ӱâ֮Ҷû⣬ֻοЦݣΪѡеˣˡ
ͳħںӵħҶԼľѪΪߡ
٣ҲӵҶһ
ҲᱻѡУԼúܲ˼顣
ڴʱһâɳ
ҶͬâӦԼϢӰҶ
ȶ񼣵𣿡Ҷ֡
ɽ񼣵־ѡ㣬壬ϲ㣡ҶĿҶɽںϡ
ʦ
ͻȻ䣬һӰ
â֮еӰʮᣬһѩ׵ĳܣҶΨһĵӣٻ
ٻξ־ѡ㣬ɲΪʦڰ㣬ԼõϿɣӦΪ˶е
ʦûٻ
ٻâȥ񼣡
񼣣ʤ񼣡񼣡񼣡Ҷȿǰֻʣµ񼣣֪˭Ͽɡ
񼣡Īǣ֮УҶ뵽һϤ֡
ˣ
񼣶ͷųâٶ죬һâһӰ
Ҷ΢Ц꣬ϲ
â֮Уվ񼣵Ĺâ
λ磡
ʤͬʱӰҶȼͳ¶Цݣԭʤѡеն죬ѡǽ
ն죬ɽһ·Ҷߵ۷塣
Ϊ֮ҲڵõϿɡ
ֵܣҲ֮ˣ
նЦǸӡ
ۿ΢΢ʪ󣬿һֱҲΪǿˡ
죬ʵˡ
ʮһѡԤ֮ӣҶȿ·֮У߶Ľ޷õ־ˡ
Ҳ֪ѡԤ֮ӣҶȲδǿѡԤ֮ӣԼѡߣֻжҶȸ𾴡
Ҷȷϸ߿գС񷣬Χʮһ񼣣ۿʮһԤ֮ӣҶȿԸӦ֮ںϡ
־뱾ںϡ
Ҫ
ҶȱӿʮһԤ֮ںϵٶȣԼںϣҲҪʮ꣬һһںϡ
֣ԴԪ־Ϊ֮־ںϣں񼣡
ಣ
ʮһػ߳ˣ̬һе;޴Ұеһƽޱߵ
ػһͬӡҶͷԼе־ϴԪ־ɲǼ䣬ػ޲
һػԸҶȣԼ־ͶŽһ֮Уһʱ䣬Ҷȸоڲ־ƺų־
־֮Щ־·Ӧʲô𽥵ؿʼܡ
Լ֮
ʮһ񼣶ʱ¶񼣸еƣԼҫ۵Ĺâһ֮ͷŶ
־ϿԤ֮ӣʣ¾ͺðˣ
ϿԤ֮ӣҲա
죬Դ磡
ʮϹŶֶ̫ۡ񡢷ѪаԪۡԨ۾ʥĸ
ع죬һЩ
ǿճһâƿʼӿ֣Ϊʮһâ
ۿʪ󣺡ʮһ񼣸ˣˣ
ܰȻ漣ܽʮһ˶̵ʱ£񼣻ѣҰϢ֪ף
Ԫͷһ
ˣҲԤ֮񼣿ʼںϣ̫ˣ˽ʱܵʮһ񼣣ʮһ֮Ҳʡ
졢硢ɽ硢缴ӭƽ٣ʱֵʮһ񼣣Ժƽ١
ЩײŸոյҪһʱܴﵽʵѪĵ
С磬ʮһʵӦû⡭
˼ţ֪ʲôͻȻתˣӦðѴص񼣣λĩսµ񼣣ںϣһЩ񼣣ᷢӳ
̫ɻЩ񼣶ڴڣ޷뿪
ǰκһڶ뿪죬ӡһ£Ԫ̾
ǾգЩѾʱص磬Щ׵־߶ҪףҲͷŴ󲿷Լ񼣣Ҳˣù׼æںԤ֮ӣҲԲȫȫ⣬ʮһԤ֮ӳɳ
ĿԴɣ
ʮϹŶһͬ쾡ͷܸӦ˫ͷħֲϹݵ𶯣֪жħ֡
磡
벻ҶȾȻٻʮһ񼣣
֮У̫ʼУָ֮
ҡҡͷҶȥˣǺܴвʮһ½ףȻĸʱҶʵȫԽǣ
԰̫ʼųһ亹
Ҷʵ̫ĥ͸ˣ֮ǰʵ࣬࣬ĩսҶȡơ纺硢һʵǵ󣡡
͸һɱ֮ɫ
С硣
ֹ֪ȥǧꡣ
ʱҶһֱͷԼ־ͶŽʮһ֮УʮһԤ֮ӣ񼣲ںϡ
ǲԤ֮ӣ֮
ں£ڣһ׿ʼͻƣ֮ǰ󲿷ֶ̤Ԫ䣬ͻƻԪԪԪ쾳硣
Сǲ˼飬·ЩҲڲͻƣ޵ˡ̫顢ȵǿߣҲ̤Ԫ쾳磬ڳľ硣
ٶǳСﵽԪ۷塣
ҶΪ˰ںϣһֱδУȻҲͻƻԪԪ졣
ơ纺硢̤Ԫ죬ʵٴδԾĩսʱǿ˼
СУֱ֮
Ƕ಻˼˭
СģǻӵиһҶȿøУڹʮһУղٵȥСջʧ


2503 ȱ
ӵСʮһ½ףϵںϣ񼣼Сʵʱʱ̶̿
֮Уӵ빦󷨣ÿһںϣǲ׵ģΪҪܳʱƿ񼣵ԭ
ʱ䲻ϵʧ
·ǧҲǿ󣬴󲿷ֶﵽԪԪ쾳磬һЩǿ̤Ԫ۷壬Ӫʵ١
ūҲ֮Уĵūˣǿ̶˺գӦôﵽԶŸ߶ȣūӿֲȫаĴа񹦷ҲȲ
ơ纺硢Ҳ̤Ԫһ磬Ԫ죬ǵʵҲԽԽӽԶ״̬
Զţݺ޵Уһͳӡǿİħ
֮УֻҶȵʵҪѾʮһ½ʵϣȻԼУôʱСʹﵽԪΪ
죡
ȱڡ
̫ۡϹŶƼ񼣣רڷȱ󷨡

ȱ֮ĺڰ磬һЩ˫ͷħֲϹ󷨣δһƽϴʱʱ̶̿ʧݷ
ʱڱ֮⣬ʱʱһڶ١
԰ħ֣źڶ٣͵عݡ
Щħû¶ȣǾޣɱݣһδΰѷͨɽ
˭Ҳ֪Щħδ
ʣ
Ȼ䣬һµĺڶٶΧħڶΧ
ڶ֮һӰ
٣Ȼȱڵķ١
ĳ֣оնս˫ͫѾû飬նض·ݣĽ硣
λɣ
ٿ󷽵ա
ͫˣ벻Ԫ֮Уɱͫ
һڶˣȻҲһࡣ
ǿȥ࣬ǴӿնۿĳǾħӰ
Щ˶ԵõĺᣬΧȻжʮˡ
ˣЩһݵİǿ֣߳Χ˴ħ֣ħֳ֮󣬷׷׻ΪΡ
Щħϰ֮ࡣ
Ҷ
Ӵ죬ҲȥϼһｨĴ죬Ľ磬Ѿ࣬ɱھʣ¿տǰˡ
ٻʣǲĸʳˣһһǿʵ
ˣĸʵĲôʱŻָҪʼ֣ɱ죬ĴԪѲڣʮԶŴսҲ飬ûϼһĽ绹ʲô赲ǣ
ҪĽɵһɶ
ĸгѨ˶׼Ľ磡
һǿͷźɫĹâ
Ȼһħʧˣֻʣʮˡ
ȱڣò⹥ӣ滹űʵڻв֧ȱڣĸԳ֣κһλҲ޷ȱڣٿʼΧһЩ˫ͷħ֣׼뱾ںϣ
أ
ħ˹
죬Դռ䡣
κʶᣬĽԴĺġ
Ϊڹ룬ΧƯ貵ƣĽ֯γһ㾪˵󷨣Щ󷨸־ݣȻγ̵ıݷ
ôһֲõԤУ˫ۡ
𣿡
ϹŶҲΧ
ʶĴڣӵ޷ӵеĸӦ
ÿһϹŶӵĴڡ
ԪһӦ֮ϸһЩϵԪһһ
ͻȻŵؿˣãȱϷһǿҵɱ
ѵǰҪȱڷ͵Ϯߣȥ
ڿնϹŶһ־ʱȱƿնȥ
ȱڣ
֮е̫ۡͬʱ߿գɱǰȷһصúɱ
Ͼ͸Ϲȥ
ӿ֮߳
ӡ֮֮дһһ㣬ÿһ󷨶ǿޱȣһϹŶɵĴڡ
ô£
ȱһ֮£ǰĽ֮⣬ǳԽĽڵĺա
յ˫ͷħ֣һ㶯ҲûУ̫ˣһսζ
ͻ
һ
ϿʲôҲûеգͻȻһ޴ĺڶ
ǺڶҲһȱڸģ˫ͷħġ
Σˣ
Ǻڶ֮󣬴ֵĲ˫ͷħ֡
һԲεâ
аâȻâ֮дϢǴ󲿷Ϣζ
޷ţΪĽ֮⣬Ϣ֣
ԲâˣӺڶ֮н٣ֱȱ׹
áǡ
ˣ
ӡͷŴʮ𼱣Ԫ徹ĴԪȱڣ
࣬赲˱ʣڶ֮Уһ
ǹһۿ࣬˫۾Ȼһͷͷſ˫ͷħ֣˫ͷħѹŴԪȱں
̫æ߶񼣣
ǴԪðȱڡᣡʱûкˣûеӣһȼյĻԪӿһ

·ϹŶˣֻ޷ʱֻܿǴԪȱ֮ϡ
ٴȼҫۻ档
¡
Ԫ̫ˣһȱ飬ȻƵâ
ۣ
һѪһ̣ͳͳ顣
ᣡ
ϹŶ󣬷׷ͷһâ

֮ϣħֵĴ쿪ʼ룬Ԫ֮ϵķ
ٿٿ
ǧͷ˫ͷħִΧӿֳĿȱڡ
ͻͻͻ
ȱƬϹŶͷ£ʼҪٴᡣ
ֻ˫ͷħٶ̫ˣмͷѾ֮С

ϹŶס˵ǵȻһŭ
ͻȻΪһâ澹ȻĽơ󶦵ȵȷӰȻ͸󷨣ͷų޴Ĵ󶦡
䣡
ϹŶ
һȻһͷħֺûΪ飬˫ͷħֿʼˡ
ħҲ֪ǿ߲öԸȻͷħ໥ɣںϳһµħ֣һֱӰȱ֮ڵƬһЩһ̹⡣
ٻǵԪ۾һ
ΪâӸ߿¡
ಣ
ʱ·գ˸ס
˾ˮ֮ϾʿǬȵȵףһλһλ˷ֶ
󷨣ڸ߿մһ
ǣ
ͷ־âɲǼ䣬һһȱڡ
ϹŶˣһ󷨣ǵں֮һױȵĽ˫ͷħ־ȥ
ȱϷдħֽȱ֮С
࣬Ƕǿ֮ĩܷʲôһħֳˣͷŸħ֣ʼ̾ȱ֮⡣
Ǹʲô
Ȼſ죬ʼҪҧȱΧıݡ
ɶ޷赲ǣȱջȫ飡ϹŶ˺߿գ̧ͷ˫ͷħ֣֪޷赲塣
̫࣬ʲôʡɣȱЩݣȻᱻǵʳ


2504 ʼж
䣡
˫ͷħԽԽֲ̫࣬ˡ
޷ȱڣֻȱΧڴڵҧȱƬһ̵ʣô˫ͷħɡ
·׿һĻ޲𾪡
ϹŶ֮⣬׶סˡ
Ҳħɱ龰Ҳ뵽һĻ˫ͷħֵݣȻʳ
̵ʣҲĽĸڰǰΪ˷⣬ʳ簡
ʿ޷Ტۣ˫ͷħɱĽ磬Ϳ̿
λ
񷢳һ׿ȥ꣬ݽʧȥãʱҲģɱ죬硢ɽ硢磬ǵҲ޷⣡
˻һѩϼ˪
ףϣͷ־ôеʿ飬糷ˣϣȻҲ硢ɽ硢紫еŽ壡
Ԫֵˣ뷲ˣΪҪ׼밵սΪĽ׳һ
ǣߣ
ǵش𣬴˾ˮ֮ȷ˷Ҳ˲ʧ
ʮһͬϷȱڡ
Ȼָｻǣа
еȻ޷ԿԪֹȱڣȴҲãԪػȱ󷨣˵ɱ졣
λԪڴ˸ֹǰ
ȵĵصռ䣬ѿռ仯ΪһԴռ䣬ҪһһʣھԴռ䣬Ҳ޷ֹɱУ񼣻عףͷŵѾã
񼣻عУ̫أԴռǶ꣬ŵĴڣһʧͳʧȥ˷񼣣ʧȥ񼣣Ҳûô
ҿѾռȱڣֻܸ赲ɱޣû׼ɱԴΪǵʳ
ǰɣ
ϹŶӦˣʣԪۣʮһͬʱƿնȥ
񣬹󷨣赲壬ǵͷŸͨסǣ
ȱ֮£ֻʣ¹Ӱ
ԪϵϢʼû
մʣӡȱڶʼˡ
ϹŶƿĽݵĴڣʵ֪жǿ

ΧһƬտյĴա
ڣ·߶ͨƺ
ϷգһžʯҺܿΪɽһ׳۵ĴڣȻȱڷȥ
Ԫ۽ӡ֮ȱڴ󷨿ʼɽںϣں֮Χںϡ
һٴΰȱڸ
ȥһӰѰˡ
ʵȻ
¡¡
Ƿȱڵʣ˫ͷħһҧȥҧһʣӲȴﲻݸ߶ȣҪƻ԰˵¡
Һ񣬿ؽӡƿص磬㰵ٿֲҲһɱ졣
С磡
ͻˣԪԪ죡
ƻΪһħӰҶߡ
ҶȴЦǰðѾȱڳ֣ȱڣԪȱֹɱ
ϼһʵȻڨڨЦ
Ҷڤ˼һᣬϹŶΪȡʱ䣬ƣҲȥæѾٴλع飬ںϣ԰Ѵӡ֮УЩһ밵ʽս⣡
ٺ٣ϴ󣬰ˣҵļȫָмԤԣߣԼƽ٣ʣµĻδȻúооǸεԤԣʱвٹڽֻҵۿԿһЩģҲһЩԿƽٵԤԣ˵꣬ٿնȥ
𣿡
ⷬҶԵú⡣
ƽ١ߡԭΪ˵ĳƣεԤԽġ
ףΪγƻǴˡ
ΪһֻͬѰۣԿ࿴Ĵڣָ񣬳Ϊ봴Ĵߡ
»صڣоҶڸо̤ʵΪ񼣻ˡ
ˣðսæĵط
ʱսֶ
ʱûУöСȻ޴ռ䣬޷ԼһĽ飬Ҳ޷ʱԶԿ壡

սʧˡ
нǧͼ
Ҷͨ帺ʮһףں񼣡
ˣͷųǧͼн
һһ뿪С磬ڴ֮С
þ֮ҪܵƣûжٽǱԪġʣ½֮һƬ벻ڰУǻûԪȱڣ
ʱҶѾȲҪǿԼս
ʵǻֶαҲҪǿܶһ
Ѿǿˣ߾Ϳﵽȴûһǿķ
ҪѴнǧͼӾ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ƬƬ
ͷޱߵ־Ӧ޴Ĵ졣
Ȼ䣬·һ̣ڴŵؼеʱգܸӦһ׵λãԼʿλá
ʵûдﵽ֮ĸ߶ȣҲѾﵽ񡢺Ԫָ߶ȡ
ȥ
ȻǷգһЩ⡣
Щ⿴ǹâʵǿ
죬ݾõЩ⣬Ϊ񼣵Ƭӵһ̵һЩݵʡ
ˣ
108нĽΪһ޴ĴԻʡ
ǧͼҲȼĽơӡɢȥΪһƬǿ״̬
Ҷͷų𡢹𣬿ʼƬУ󲿷ʡ
Ϊʱʱ̹̿ݣıʺܶ࣬񼣣ҶҪ󷨱ƷʣҪΪ
ʳʣҶʵ˵ʽϺüԦ
ƬںϽһЩʣڸֻ£ʼȼգϳ֣ھʡ
𽥵ģһЩɫʣ·ΪҺ̬ӿǧͼı壬ԻԼЩʡ
֮󣬴ԻȫȼϢĻ𽥻Ϊһÿһ֮УдԻζӰ
ǧͼҲȼͷǳȼջ棬Ҷһͨ壬ͨ帺ǧͼ
Ҷʼн
нѶȣҪǧͼģձʣȡнʣм̣þ֮
һнȫʣΪҲǲþַ֮ںʣҶ־Լнᳬڲþ֮ΪĽ֮Уǿ񼣷޷н
ǧͼȻ״̬ʣҲʼȫ񼣵ϢԦ񼣶Ҷ˵Ѿ¡
󷨱ʣΪǿķ
Ժʵﵽ۷壬Ϳֱôּʣ½󷨱ʱ򿰱ȴԪķͻ絮


2505 밵֮ս
Ҷȫ󷨱Լʮһ½׵ʵ֮ʣҲ޴仯
Ǵ죡
Դռ䡣
ռ仹ڣҲûҲûκ󷨡
յģѪзɳ״̬һֻ޴Ļ
ڿкȻΪӰķȻ뿪ռ䣬ڴ߿ա
ף
֮⣬˲Ӱ
ΪǷķ档
ԼʮŮŮ֣ǶǷһǿߣƽʱ񼣣ڴռеĴڡ
켴ɱ룬ԼκҪʼж
Ѫŷǿߣʼȱڷȥ
ȱڡ
໣
ӰͻȻڶΪһƽ󷽻аɫɫԼɫʵ
ƽʥΪ˾ģҲΪΣ峤Լʮͷ֡
ǻǿߣЩ귢չľǿߡ
ಣ
ʱѪҲŷǿ߳֡
һᣬˮ֮ǿ֣߳ԼϾʿȵףǶѸڴ
ԽԽ࣬ǻϵǿߡ
ս׼Ѿҧ޴ӣ·ǿߣҲûжġ
µǿߣһЩеľͷҲǿߣĩս֮УЩ˲Ըսеս
һΣ޷⣬Ҳûк·׼밵忪ս
磡
֮У˺嫵
ҲԼ׵Ĵڡ
ͽ𡢶½Ϲ֡ħ桢ӡңׯߡơʦϹŶ˲ǧˡ
ǣʮˣ
ʱգʿ׷ԽԪľ磬֪弴ɱѾ޷ٱܿˡ
ЩϹŶ֮УĳһˣҲʵʵȿͽ𡢶½ϹֵȻҪǿһЩ
֪˶꣬ϧû˽еóǵ֣ԼҲ˵
ЩϹŶĩսҴ桢ǲμսҲ׷׾ۼһɫĻԪʼҲµ
޷㡣
ﵽԪľͷվϷ
滹ޣǶݷȴš
ʱʱоͷӴ콵٣żȻҲ־١
ɽ硢޷ͳƣⳡƽ֮УʲôҲˣһǻ־һĶ
ϣ
С磡
ΧϣнǧͼȻڲУںǧ꣬óҶȻո
ף
Ȼ䣬̫־ٶ
̫ǰҶתʩ
̫һɨ棺벻ѾƬѾ񼣷˰
ǻҪһʱܽɹҶʮǫ顣
Ǹ㣬Ѿ׼ãڲе񣬶ۼȱ֮£һɱｫǵһս
ǰμƻģ
ڴɱ壬òҪ˫ͷħɱ磬һǽ磬ǾͿɽ硢磬ɷǱôΪս밵ڴһս
ǰռίʵˣǶɱ磡
ǵڶ缯еǶȴţֻҪ磬Ǿͻ밵彻֣˭ҲҲû·ǵ˼ͨ㣬ʲô
𣿡
졢񼣡ɽ硢磬ǵҪԲԶ
ҪսҶȺʵ
̫ҡҡͷѿʱⰵ壬ǵ˼ɱɽ뷲磬÷硢ɽѣ
Ǩƣ⵹Ǹð취ɱɽ硢磬֮涼£жˡ˶ʳģ⵹Ǻý飡
ĻǷˣûзҲûдǧ磡
УھͰ˼ͨҵķݣõú²˳٣Ҷȵǽӡ
ʮһ½׶ÿԳأֿ̫С硣
ҶҲС磺ھͲˣѾںϣʵ֮УʵȥҲûжྪ˵Ľھ뿪СȥȱڣλǰӦһ´ַ־
ֻоܳɳȥֱӲսҪԴ
ǣ
ҶȿʼͷͶŽС硣
һʱˡ
СŤ޵Ľ֮УɳʮһӰǴ׵־оǷеϢ
̫𼤶ɨһףҲͬĴڣǷ𣿡
ҶɽǷ磬ĥѵУ磬ż̵ĵĺͲôʱҲֻܴӷ֮УѰҵõϿɵԤ֮ӣ
Ƿ߾ͺã֮УЩʱһɴϧ֮вĥû߳һԴǿĴڣ
ǰλֶۡ۴𡭡ʮһ׷ҶΪ̫ʼÿһס
Ӧ顢ġҶˡֶۡۡꡢٻն졢ǵĹѾں׵־¶ǿ߰
ǱǷߣǵֻвİǡ
ʮһ̫ʩ񣺡̫ǰ
ӭǳΪףҲϲǣĽѣ׽ʿ䣬һվѣھȥȱڣ̫𼤶شһףֿҶο
Ҷ˫ͫһȼյ־̫ǰҵķлӦͬĽ飬ǵʱһ磬רתɽ뷲飡
Ҳûк֮ǣܺãߣ
̫һӣʧȥ
ʱ䲻ˡҵÿʼС񼣡
Ҷȼڽǧͼнʣǿʼӡʼָ
죬ȱڣ
ġӦ顢ҶˡֶۡۡꡢٻնԼ֮Уʮһ׵һ
ʮһ½񡢺Ԫһͬӡͬʱմķ־밵弸档
·ȴãÿ˶ٻһ״죬ҲʼӡݸӡʼգҪúƶԸ塣
ȱ֮⡣
˫ͷħѾҧĿӣͷŵĽԽԽɶԪ۵ٶʣҲѾٵֵ˫ͷħֻ֣ǰװհ廹ǻɱ졣
λ׼
ɲʱµĺ
ɲǼһЩԶŴ񣬻ףΧ֡
ǷֱͷʼɢȱΪģ˷½
ֶۡ۵ʮһ½ףҲɢΧǸҲˣͷų֮УʣĲǿߡ
ѾԴ
Ԫ۲ս֮УΪͷŵκͨħҧ飬ɡ
ǿΧһͬͷ֮ͻȻɳȱڣתǿߣ׷ͷâΧȱڡ
䣡
ȱڳ顣
ȻƬԼֿռԼɿµգʣ¿նȱڡ

һȱڽٶ
󣡡
ɱ
Ƕüͷ
ʮͷ˫ͷħִӺڶſʱѾͷԵնһͷͷħ֡


2506 ޾ڣ
䣡
ͷŵ󷨹׷׻ʮͷ˫ͷħ֡
ħԼڵĺڶ˲䷢ұըһƬռ䶼˺ˣ˫ͷħֵʬΪѪ⡣
СıմǵѪҺԪ۵Ժ֡
񲻸ҿս
أ
ȱ֮Уʮ˫ͷħ֣ǳװȱ֮󷨡ײ飬ȱһ̣óͨ衣
ȱϷʱһǣһӣٳȿֺ뱥һ٣޷ֹ
ںϣ
ȱϷ顢ĮȱڣѾ˫ͷħ֡
˺ȱ·ռ䣬ðһʱȱ֮УһͷųɫϢ
벻ȱ·ħ໥ſɣ߳ߡ
ħֺܿΪһ޴˫ͷħ֣ħֻʣϰſͰ񹥻Լռ˺ƬɶӴֱӾȱڣתһڶˡ
󷨹ǿ󣬸һɱЩµħ֣ħֻҪڽ˲ûɱǾڶ֮Уʧˡ
ħ֣ħ֣
˷գ˺󷽣ǿӪУͻȻɧ
֮ǰʧЩħ֣ǿϷźڶ֣˶󣬶ְħ֣ʼ뷢ͻϮ
ɢÿӪǿߣΧżħ
֮ǰϵնɱħ֣ǿħֽӴ֪жֲ
ǵħ֣ħֻûһ˵ļֻֻѪۣǿ˼¡
ǿߺģ˫ͷħ֣ȻӪǻռϷɱ˫ͷħ޷ɿռ䡣
һĻ·ֻصԶŴսԶڴ죬밵ɱһĻ
밵ɱǿߴӴ䣿
Щ˫ͷħӲ޷ֵԸʵѡ
ϹŶסĸľ
ꡢٻĵ½ףȻΪףԼɱħ֣ҲܵӰ졣
ҴʱȱڣһħɱһȻҲֹܵǰѽ졣
ɱ
Գˣ
Ȼħɱ죬潫ҡ
ۣ
ϹŶɱ
ĸӿɫҺΪҺסüͷħ֣ҺҲܸʴħ֣ʹ໽С
ϹŶϹŶ֮У밵彻棬ҲҵһЩ˫ͷħֵķӡ
ɫҺڶĸ£еľڶĸǿƿ֮£ħ˺顣
⽣Ӱ
һ֡
ΪһϹŶУ£մﵽĳɾ͡
˵ˣҲ˵
˫һģâ֮Уȫǽ뵶âһͷħ˲䱻ɱͷħ֣ӲǱѪģ
׷ǧ
һϹŶֶסͷħ֣а
аӡ֮ĳ˲䷺ףѩаĹâǳͬʸϯħ֣ͣ׷ͬһ޼᲻ݡ
ħǰӲƤҲаİ׷׷Ťתħֵ˺顣
â֮𣡡
ȱ֮£ķ֮һֶ
ϹŶף֮ǰռʩչ󷨣ǶԸ֮ǰɱħ֡
Ϊǳ棬λõʮͷħ֣ħֲס֮УһɹǻյħڲС
ȱڳҧ飡
ȱ֮ϡ
Ѳȱ֮ħ֣òУ֮󣬳ǧħ֡
ЩħûȱڣȱϲΧʼ˺ҧݡ
ԶŴս飬ǰħ֣ѾĴȻȻ̣ȴûħҧҧȥվͳΪһ⣬ǵʳ
ǿߣҪѴݳ״飬һССȱڣ½ǵĽ
ҵӣԶԸ壬벻Ӧ԰취
С磡
ˣڳˣн
֮ϣҶȵΧΧһԻʡ
Իζ֮УֻΪһֻΪ仯
֮ϣԿһϢȫģо񼣻Ϊ108񽣡
ҶֿǧͼǧͼΪǳҲ񼣵Ϣ⻷ҵҶǧͼںϺ˾ͳΪһƬǳûΣоڡ
ɽһռ䷨֮УҲѾΪһռ
ҶС硣
״ȱ밵ɱҲ֪϶ãҶ·ǧߣֿ纺
ΪѾԪԪ죬ʵ¾ףҲ಻ˡ
ٿǣвҲ̤ԪԪ죬󲿷˶̤Ԫ䣬ĩսʱ˼
ھ뵶ūƻϢսܶﵽ˻Ԫ۷塣
ಣ
ͻȻ䣬ˡ
֣Ҷס
ʾҶ뿪С磬˳ڴգղžڰǰ飬ϴȥѰһԪƬλϹŶ
Ҷ˼ꣿˣᵽˣӦ磬ʿϹŶɣ
ˣ
ɲǣӡ֮һӰƿն
ͷħϢսͫĿ⣬Ҷȵλ氢ħӡ
ף
ͻȻ׹£̧ͷ
кλҪ˵ʵ
ﰡͻȻ׿ͷһһΡ
ҶһⷽһϹŶʵһײֻ࣬ûǿ־ƿԼ񼣰ˣʵһ׸߶ȡ
ν£
ʹ˻ףԶŴս䣬¾һֱڶܣڶЩҹĥĻ棬Һ䣡
𣿰ǲϹŶ䣬йϵȻ䣬ҶȾ˵Ļ
ꡢ궼ҵĴ
ɹ£ͣսʱ뼸ˣɱˣУ֪ʱһλǿ֣߳һλǿΪ𣡡
𣡡
˻һҶȶסˣ벻ʶ
ǶԣһҲİ
Ԫʼ񣬽죬µ֪ҲΪ棡껹ΪֻĴڰˣ֪Ҳһ˽
ͷʵ̫˲
ҶȣҶ֣Ҽǵõͷ˵дܣ˵밵島ϹϵǸ١ѵ棬ʲôı밢ǰйϵ
밵йϵǱȻǿ϶ģڰ֮£ʲôܣ
һͬӾꡣ
ڰо꣬ͻȻףڵ᣺ǣҺˣңʶ֮󣬲֪ʱ򣬸ոµĴڣһ֮Ҿֵƣ
ύʱҴδɹҲֵܣҺΪοԪʼ񣬽ʱ͸һɫӣӣȻԴݣ֮˸Ҳɳ죬ԺҸӰֵܿ


2507 Զŷ
˵ĺɫӣҲ˵
Ҷʶڴ죬ȻΪ֪ܡ

˾Ȼ뾣ֹϵ
ıǹϵãû¾ͳ֮УǶʱҵʵǳ죬ܿʹﵽԪ۷壬˼ʵҲҸȨȨ֮ҿƿصɵĳ룬ƿһ磡
ǶʱߵĸʱѾ޻˵ֵܣʱȻǿطг磬ƼˣȻһΪЧȴҵĺ⣬ҲգȻҾ;첻ͬ磡
֪ȥܳһʱ䣬ֱһͻȻţҪ緢սϢ˴磬õȷϣȷڼͨԶͨ緢
Ϣ֮ҵأҲңȥ˴쾡ͷ磬Ƕʱһڸﱸս飬ڲúĳ죬Զͨã쾹ȻһҡεĴضһΪֻȻ˶ôȻ𶯣˭֪˴ǿߣһҲ֪Ȼ˶Դݳ֣ݴһ
ǴĽ絮ʮԪһγִ£·ͻȻҲʹʮǿ߸񷣬֮󡭡ȻݱһȱڣĶ˫ͷħɱֻ֮֮֮֮סס˾ȵȵףҲڲͬʱˣ
˶˵ʹǶԸħ֣Щħִȱڽ죬ϹŶȱΧռ䣬Щħ̫ˣ֮һпռ䡢ʡɵøɸɾ
ɱ֮꣬Ѿмλǿ䣬ϹŶҲˣϹŶʱʵޱߣնɱٵħ֣һ֮һյסħɱ磬ʱͻȻżǿ߸֧ԮҵʱʱǸжսУ
ⲻ֪ڿΧʱȻһͬ͵ϮˣмǿߣȻħɣҲ֪ǴӺζʵ̫ǿˣ͵ϮشǸȥ֧ԮҲ֪ݣһʼӴңѾԤıһУĿƺǴ죬ЩҲںֻںˡ
ɱ߶УʮͷħѾ˰ΧҲħˣʧȥʶΪˣ˷׷׳ħʳʱѾڴ죬磬Ҹϻȥ˵Ϣ־ѾʧӰ٣ʱ֪ˣǱҺ
ʹޣЪ˹ﰡҺˣôǿߣͬҵĸװ
Զŵ񻰣µĳ٣նûʷ֮УȻǹȥɶЩ˵Զɢȥħ䡣
ףΪҪڰ֮¡
ʱ˿̣ҶлȻһˣлͬѹһʯͷ
ǽ⿪ˣ鷴ӳء
ĮĿ꣺ȷʵɱ죬ꡭȥɣ飬ѹȥδһͬ˽ᣡ
ﰡ
ط񷡣
֪û˿ԭֻԼһսᡣ
һжǰͼƻõģԶŴսԭǰͽ͵Ϯ˴ݣԶŴ밵սűԶŴսץסᣬɱ֮Уֲ̾統ʱʵôԶŴսУܾˣɱ죬˴󲿷ֵԶףҪͬʱԸ밵塭
ǰҺһĩսԶŴսֻԸȻڲŶԸ壬ԶŴս־棬ξͲǵˣ䣡ҶҲԶŴսɲǼŪ
ಣ
纺˹
Ҷ֣ȹȥȱڣ׻ϡ
ҶȽ˵ҪģħּȻ׼ʮԪɱ죬ôǱŻĽ־ҰС񼣣Ͼȥȱڣ
ã
ƿնȥ
λɣ
Ҷͷ־ޱ־ʼӿǧߡ
ˡūҲһͬɱ˻Ϸ
޵˴Ž̫顢ͷȷߣ֮ܿϡ
һõϢһ٣´ȱڣɱ֮УŴǿߣȱ밵ɱȫڴ밵ɱʤΰڣûĿ԰Ѱ赲ڴ죬кܴܻǻɱ磬ǵ񣬲ȥμսȥ磬ľͷϹŶ׼սô밵ɱ
ҶԴδйϾĿ⣬ԼؿһϤףз硢ɽ硢һɳˡѡ
սΪսΪԼս֮поˣ밵ս䣬Ǽţ䣬ǵ־ҲԶţһƽٹȥǵ־¼Ԫ֮дȥд񻰣
ףǲʧ
ʮξҶࡢеˣһҶȹ
ѱű֮밵һսΪԼҲΪ

ʱСȱڡ
ҶҲС֮⣬˫ֻӳ޵СֳһŽӲӵ
Сֻʣ²֮һЩźһǿ߶񼣣ʱѾ޴С֮С
ˣ
ҶΪС񼣣һоͽˣȻҲҪȥȱڡ
ɾСʧ˲䣬֮УȻһ
ʲô
ЩʹâҺĸӦޱߣǹ֮У͸һЩԪͬϢ
ǰϸϸһԭ֮һһŻâĹϷ
ץУоûʲôǿƺǱ
С硭Сʱ֮УȻǴµĶ
ΧСڵĵطС磬ôˣȻǴ
񡭡ѵĴڣԶŴ˵ģĽ磿жǿ󣿡ŷȻͷӦȴûʲô
оԶµͨˡ
ˣսޣҲ֪ʲô
ͷһâ
սֶˣ£
㿴ҶȰѷս
սӹ´ϸ˿Ȼֻ켣켣֮г˼صķţźƵģڲû£޷ʲô˼
ˣ򵥰Ҵδʶ΢΢еӡ󣬵ϴ֮ʱĶҪ⿪ҲֻпܣΪǴˣ˵ۣ֮ԿκʣսҲûжջ񣬵Ҳ֪һЩ
Ϊ֮Ҷһµۡ
֮ף׷̣ɵģŻԪ¸磬ǴΪ֮ϧףһ׷Ѱ֮ûһ˳ɹֻ̫ڤ΢΢һЩ
𣿡
˴ӹ֮е˹ٹʱգ̫ڤޱߣȥʮ˲ЩԴ֮ڸĶҲֻǲ֪


2508 ɱһ
֮
Ȼ䣬Ҷȷ־֮кܳ롣
ΪﵽԪԪ죬ӵ޵еѾߵ֮һĸ߶ȣһξ롣
֮Ҳ׷Ѱ·С
֮УСΪӣ׼Ժʱգսص֮УҶС
֮ȱڡ
죬ȱڡ
Ҷȳִ֣˫ͷħɱȻħûдɱħѾмܡ
ף
ѼҶȳ֡
ϴЩħֻ
Ʋδȱ֮£ں󷽣һնɱͷħ֡
纺ҲڶԸɱħ֣ȱ֮£ɼϹŶʱסħ֣޷ħɱ
ϷȱڣѾƿٱĿӣǧħݣƺҲżɱһ²ݳԹ⣬Ǿܴ졣
ۣܻᷢ䡣
׶ļƣԿʼΧɱħ֡
ҶҲˣӪʣͷħ֣ɶǣħ־ôҲ
Ҷһ֣ץ޼սһնħֵ룬̫ϯħħֵѪҲɵ
ʵ״ħ֣մȾħϵѪҺ־綾ģһжҪĥ
Ҷȣ֮ڣնɱһͷħ֡
Ӫ֮У纺硢Ҳڲնɱħ֣ȻҶǰףȫѹħ֣ǿ߸ħֲϱնɱ
Ԫ۵˲ϯףԼ񣺡λħּɱս᲻ʱգ
ȱڣϷȱڱȫħֳԹ⣬ʣ·һ㣬ǧħͬʱڹħʱɱ
һ׿ʼټǿߣÿһ״ǿߣʼһնɱʣµħ֣һơ
Ӫʼ죬ÿһ׶ǿ֮
֮ħڱնɱҶٻˡūȱڣ纺ź塢ǿվһԣٻߴԶǿߣԼǧǿߣҶԱߵȴš
Ҳٻǿߡ
ͬʱֶۡҶˡۡӦ顢ġꡢٻն졢ʮһ½ףҲʮǿߣֲΧգҲԶ
ҲһȱΪģֲ˷
ȴ
һս䣡
ľͷǴݣȱΪĵбݣǧħֹ£˴ը
ըһƬ׹ʮϹŶʱӷ֮зɳգۼ䣬˫ͷħֳڴ֮Уһڶײеڶ֮Уʧȱ֮¡
ȻȱΧһЩħֻڴڹݣҪ׽Ľݺ顣
ڱ֮ĺڰգֳһЩħ֣һЩ꣬һ֮С

˭֪ǱĵطǺڰշ·пֻڲʽ󶴷ɳ
ԭŴ飬Ľʧޱߵĺڰ̲
Ľջʧ
ǲ硢ɽ硢绹ǵʧΪһƬֻ˫ͷħ档
һ̣ڻرڰɣŰ岻ɳıݿռ䣬ʧĸ졣
໣
һ˲䣡
ʮǿӪǰ˴ڶʮҲʮڶ
ڶƾճ֣һͷͷħ־˳
䣡ƴּһжʧĻʲôǾ޴ӣֻм밵ɱʤ
£Щڶա
ռ˲˺ѣǴĿռ䣬ڵĴռȻ֧飬Ҳټɵƻ죬ȫҪնɱ塣
ʱնһЩ˫ͷħֱɱˣȻħҲͳô˻ᣬɱ״
ʼ밵ɱ
˭Ҳ˲˭ΪԵĶǴ˫ͷħ֡
Ѫ
һƬըա
ʮͷħֿʼǿߡ
ǰףͻȻһѪ
ںϾ񼣵ףٻ
Ѫߣٻ󷨹ԼһԳʵĳ򣬶ѪɵģΧ˾ű󸫡
Ǿ֮еĳ񸫣ľۣþ񸫣˷
¡
ٻΪɱߣԷħ룬ͷųű񸫣񸫾һһͷͷħ֡
ףܿնɱħ֣˵ħٽԸȥ½ظħ֡
׹ʥ
һƬա
Ƶʥħ塣
֣ԵׯϣմȾѪȣΪĽ磬ׯ֮Ҳɱ
Χǿ꣬һδι
ˣˣ
ʮӰؿȱڡ
Ҷվǰū뷽顢ʥȾԱߵȴš
ʱһƬڶˡ
ϢӦþǹף
Ǻڶ֮гһλ꣬ͬͫ
ӿµǣԱ߳ϰͷħ֣Ҫ࣬רҶȶ
꣬ͫڰһʵҲ࣬ɱͫɱҲѣħ̫ˡ
Ҷϰ˫ͷħ֣ȻǶԸ
˺һ
˺ĻЩħ־ͻɱףǳûɱ֮У䣬Ϊħֵʳ
ֻһ·ɱһ
ʮ˿ʼѣһﵽɾ޴
ūҲͷаͫѪٻ
ٿħͬʱҶⷽռ䣬һ
ֻ죡
ƬˣҪǱסֻ뱻֮УҶȴ߶ֻͨƬռ䳹׻ΪֻͨƵ硣
ƬȻ˻ȥūûɱǰһˣϰͷħֵĴ֮С
顢ʥҲֳħȥ
ͣ
Ҷȣ
ڵƿֲ̫ˣգħִ󷽣ָһץһͷħֵһԴץ顣
һ˳ץסħʬ壬һͬ޾֮С
ΪҵɣպҪԪ죬Ҫǣ
ҶȾͬħȻŻħֺ֣ݺݵħһԴʼħڡ
Ĺף
֮УǺʮͷħɱ˹
ҶƳ֮˲ɳգڴգѾ֮Уشء
ǰǿѪҺԸҴǵұøǿ󣡡
ֻ˲䣬һͷ˫ͷħ֡
ʱǿ󣿡񼣻ع֮󣬲ô߶񼣵ʵѾ֮ǰǿ󼸱֮
ЦݣǰʲôûеգͻȻץнһ
ۣһ˫ͷħֵԴűниĿռ䣬һͬ֡
ԭͿ˫ͷħںδصٺãռǵļңҲӲԻһе
Ҷ󷽷ȥ뵶ū˫ͷħִΧɱȻ뵶ūǿޱȣħ̫ˣҧ˺ۡ
׷ɱǶٵͬ飡
ˣʮͷħ׷ɱȥһͷħֻ֣ʣһͷ­ײޱȡ
ǲĽ磬ԶŴս䡢˫ͷħ֡


2509 ǿ赲ɱ
Ҷ뵶ūϷΧʮ˫ͷħ֣ԶžھˡūΧζſʱʱҧھϡ
Χ֮Уˣǻս޲ʤץס˫ͷħ֣ħһͬڶ֮Уڿµսɱ
ٴγʱͬ˺ҧʽ˫ͷħҧɸոɱѪ⡣
ħֵսѳԽ࣬ԭʼɱʽ
ͣ
ڹҶȣÿռͨϢأ˫ͷħֶ޷
һĳͰһͷħģһֻħԴˣħڡ
ʱʱ̿ʵؼʮ٣˫ͷħֲ֣̺Ĵڡ
䡭
һ
ūʮͷħɱ
սķʽӲ˼顣
ƱħΧɱھ֮УԼͨ˫ͷħɣħڡ
һͷħ־Ȼѵūȥ
ūˣ˭Ҳ֪ǴӼͷħڣūսıȻ⼸ͷħڻΪѪ죬ѪɫݾȻѪ֣ӼӲħץ
ȻһѪˣħֵĴ֣ǳĵū
ϳ֣ħֵһͷͷħ忪ʼСūҲ໥ںϣΪһаɱ¾ĵū
Ǽͷħ֣Ѿڵū£ĥ
˫ּūĿ£ȻЩɵΪɵūԭΪūǰࡣ
һڵĹ֣Ǳܵĺ¡
ף㣡
ɱħָӦҶȣ԰ͫһĴڣΪΣӵ
䣡
һƬռҧ顣
Ҷȴзɳ˫ǰħֵѪ⣬˫ͫѪؿӣǰ忴Ҳǿ֣֮ͫһǰǿ߰ɣ
㱻Ȼ֪ģͫ˫չĳ˴졣
Աӿͷħ֣Ը˫ִ֮С

һУ̫Ϥˣħӵ໥ɡ໥
Ȼ໥ɣȴ޷໥룬巴Ϳ԰룬֣ͫͫչֹʱҶȴв
ھͲһˣҶʵͫʱǿ֮࣬ͫһ粻Ķ֡
ںħֵĻǾѶԸˡ
Ҷ˲֣ںֻںһͬ࣬Ӱͷų̫⣬ͷħ
ħȻţս½ˣǵѪҶҲá
໣
Ӻڶ˫ħִ죬ҧħֵҶȡ
žž
׹Ҷ˫ͫħͷ­
䣡
꾹ײ׹ڿռ䣬ȻҶڿռһͬײ飬Ҷһƿʼ顣
ٿһƬ˲ϢҶΧռ䣬ԭǺ껯Ϊ˱һޱȴħ֣ҪҶС
һ˴죬ںͬ飬岻ϱ仯Ƥ˺ɫƼס
ڿҶڿռͬʱںħ֣ҲĺɫƼףޱȡ
̣仯֮ӿҶȣֻڶڴգǺɫƼףռ仮飬ɫƼ޼᲻ݣѴռֱи顣
ʵ߼Ҳ쳣Ӳ
ҶȼԷڶǺɫƼף֪Ϊΰ壬ԴǼ̵ݡ
ʥǹ
һץҶȾͲˡ
ҲҶʧƺ֪ҶӵпռǷӦҶȣʥǹʹħ֮ϣֻ鼸ɫƼףȻħһȭͷСѪ
Ѫħ־޴˵ǲֵһᡣ
벻̶ֳֻȡҶˡ
ʵѴﵽϹŶ߶ȣʵֻ˵һ㣬ǰдͫһĴڣǽ֣ħȫռƣٶȻǿռֻ츳ͨ
ãͫꡢħ֣ӵԵ⣬ͨħֻƺδƿ
˻ƣڤ˼֮Ǻһ𣬼úɫƼףֱӹҶȣڿдڣҪҶȸѹ⽴
Ҷõڰ鱨ݸʮλ֮ǿߡ
ʵ˼ѵսЩ׿¸ѡ
ȻǿǸҲκβҶȡ
ռΧףרŶԸٻ˵ֵ˹ףҰĿǣ
ҶϢ˵һ㶼ҾǰĿǣ³ͫһΪҵ
ΪûˣƬռȫɣ
ħȻڶԴ࣬޼ɵؿʼֻһȥͰѴɳƬն侲ա
Ϊκβ㣡
ȥֻӿٶȡ
ҶȿʼͷŸǿġ
ϹŶʵ޷նɱ꣬ȻͷŹ񼣵ҲնɱԷԼù񼣣ȻĽǿĴڡ
н
ͷ֮ҶԸоԼʵ߽һΧһǶա
ݣ
Ҷȷĺ꣬нأ108Ϊ˴Ի̬⽣ǻģԻħֵĴ죬Ѱħֱĵطʼ
С
ʱҶȸоԼͷų־Ȼ󱬷СһƿؾǰħȻǿж֮С
Ƕô˼ƿʣΪȣ
ԻͬʱΪ޴Ľ108ںϳɴԻʣûħֵԴ̳Ѫۡ
ʿʼħ֣Ϊ˽Ӳӵʯ

ħ޼᲻ݵĺɫƼ׿ʼƺħҲڴ߶ʲôµȻѽɫʯ顣
ͣ
ԻֲͬˣΪ˱𣬿µıҲǰ޴ſ죬ҧסħһԴҧѪĽצӣҲץסᣬħѪڿʼץȥʹħֿʼ
ҶȼʱͷŸӼӲĽɫʯħסһħ־޷βսҲࡣ
Ԯ𣡡ħַնս
ٿٿٿͷħִӾӪźڶˡ
ͨ壡
Ҷȵսδչ֣ʵѾԶԶһϹŶ
һӰ˼ͷħǰ֮ͨһӵҶһʵĴڣֻ棬ҶȰˡ
ͨһ֣ץ޼ս޽Ͽռʱڼͷħ룬һһնɲǼΧѪ
ף⣬㻹ɱ˱𣡡ħ֣ţְѽɫʯһ֣ǴԻסһԴпܱѳȥ
Ҳᣡ
ҶҲҪͷžնɱǰͷǿ󵽲˼ħ֡
ɱмȻҪʩչǾͱ뽫ħնɱ
ռи
ͷ޽ߡߡ־Ҷƿƿعա
ħϷ˼ƬӨĹâƬռҲΪռ䣬Ծڰ
ԴȪԹΪ磬ڰڰڣ
ĹˣЩںϳιȼоǷ


2510 ֮컯ȭ
ռи
ռ䣬־ںιȼ֮УҶ˫ָ߸趯Ҵһ䡣
ɱҰߣ
һڶҶȺ󷽣Ȼֳһꡣ
ڶ֮ƶǺڶһ˺ѵ֮ҪÿռҶ˺鰡Ҫɱˣ赲ˣ
ҶƳһۣһͨ˺ǰʩչС˺ѵĿռȻһͬݳƬա
ͣȼյҲӰնסħֵĽɫʯ֮УѪʱħвͷ
ˣ
Իħֵһͷ­
ٿҶħֵͷ­壬֮Уӵ޷̤֮ԪԪ죬һҲûС
ͨڴʱҲʧˣƾնصĶʧ
ǲŹ㣬ף
ˣղͻȻɱֱͨȥռĺˡ
Ӻڶ֮н٣̤һͷħֱϡ
ҪɱңղͬҲ˵ȴ·һҶͻȻһħɱϷ
ٿΧҲһͷħ̧֣ͷȱڣȻûдħӿ죬ȱڱ֮Уȴвħҧݣʣʧ޴ıС
纺ơ硢ֶۡն졢ٻҶˡӦȡϵ
Ųǿߣգ벻ħִڽɱ֮Уһʱ䶼޷նɱħ֣еѾǼħ֣ħ޵С
ڶҶǰ֮ǰǸꡣ
̬˱仯
ɸߣʮħֿںϣȥһֻˮ֡
ֻˡūɱЩħ֣ȥ֧ԮסƲǿĶ֣׿֪
Ȼûѡû·ֻɱǰİǿߣ뵶ū໥ϣѾնɱħ֣Ȼ˶ˣǱħҧѪģǻսȥ
ľһǿıš
ھֻʣôһ㣬뵱ԶŴս󲿷䣬ͬͫǿİ֡
Ҳ˵ҶǰԵ꣬ںʮħ֣ܿܣּħ֣ڵɱ˴ԶŴ񣬻Ǿֻ
飬Ҳֱ̬İħйϵζҶҲͬϹŶǰ㣬ӭѵս
вҲֻ䣡Ѹײڶ֮Ʒ˹ʮħִ죬һͬ
ಣ
ҶӦԣ
һ㣬ⲻһͷħַĹʮͷħһͬ߶Ŀֲ
֮д󣬽Ƭռ䣬һͬƿءƬռǰǺɫѪȵѪӿȥ
ǱȻħֵĴ졣
Ҷھ֮еҶֻźⱻƿصĿռ䣬ҶĺҶֻſռ䱻ħ
ռ
ħֿռ̬ҶȵĿռҲ
˫ǰһģˣǵضݳռ䣬һӾΧľ޴֮С
ͨѾԽࡢĸ߶
ٿ
̫˼ˣҲ֪ҶȺʱվѧס֮ǿƴ˫ͷħֿƵռ˳
ܣǺͻȻ֣𺳵ؿҶȡ
ɿռ䣬˫ͷħֵ
ڣȻƽҲ˵ǣҶǰѾʧȥЧ
ǰ޷ϵģȴҶˡ
뵽һǰ忪ս׼ǵǰѾȫ߽⣬ɿռ䣬ЧǵٶȣҲЧǵѪҺҲһ⣡
Ҷջʱֶ˳
ɣ
ȻŰżȻˣִ߶ʮħֵĴ죬ҧһ
ʱҶΧĴռ䣬Լʮһ鱻ħסҶȾƬռ䣬ٱħ졣
ˢˢˢˣۿҶȾҪſռ䣬ħִ죬˫ѸΧһץռٴζΧգǿд֮ק˳
ҶΧ趯һռǵ츳ƣҺãǡܽһִĶû˿ã

ħβʩչֱӺɣɱʧȥռĿնգħֵٶѾľˡ
Ҷû㣬г˹ʥǹҲħ֡
ಣʮħ죬¶ǷݶҧֲҶҧ˹

ħǰҶȸо˰ˣôħֶ֣ƫƫӶʥǹһŴ춷
໣
ʮӲͬǶȣ򷢶ҪҶԴ˺Ҷܣִ̳ʥǹʵħɱš
Ƭ侲ռ֮Уɱذ⡢ǡըڿռ֮б
ȷǿ󣬰֮еιħںϺʵȫﵽϹŶϹŶǶ֣
ν棬ҶҲ֪Ϊǿѣ֪ƣ
֪ƣ룬սȥȻҲͺֹ
ƫƫĶҲ̬ħ֣һһְһжˣֻʣ°ѶԷնɱ
ģ
øǿﵽļޡ
ʲôǼޣ
ıβǴ߶һתֱӴ߶תʵߵһ״̬⻹ǽ״̬޷ǿڶʱ䣬ǰͷħնɱ뻹Ҫǿ
ͨ壡
ɲǼ䣬ڱ״̬£ִ߶ͨ塣
ಣ
ͬﵽ۷ͨˣƾʧںΧҶȳΰΧħ֡
ռ
ҶͻȻӡˣһͨں˹
ʮͷħ֣ҧЩ
ٿ
Ѹ͵ؾħ֣ٶħ֡
ǣ
סħ֣ħֿʼҪͨȫ߶ж̣
ڱҶͻȻ컯ΪһӰ
ˣΪɸߵĹӰ
־컯ȭ
ҶȫΪ˹·һ˲䣬Ҳ֮⣬ٵŵա

Ӱħȭӡ
ٿ
ҲʶвҪǹȭӡȥҧ顣
һɫݣǹȭӡ
䣡ҶȽռ䡢־ںϽ컯ȭ֮Уʵﵽǿǿһ
û񼣣ҲûͷŴԪ
ֻҶȣһĹ֮Ǵ֮УΪصʣߡ
ȭӡ˲˺꣬ǿֲݣȭӡ֮У·Ҷȣʩչ컯ȭʮʽ
ܡǰĹȭӡֻ𺳵ţΪκ޷ֵ
ڣֻܿ
䡭
ȭӡк꣬ûз̬ײ뱬ըǹȭӡΪ͸״̬ڣԼʮħֵڡ
졢Ե޵С졢ңֻء죡ĵ죬ùţڰʧ
Ҷȳڰգ˫ֺʮΧȼŹĻ棬ȭȼգƬռ䶼Ϊ˹
ͨȻÿռǿסħ֣


2511 Խˣȫ
컯ȭʮʽȭҶǿ״̬ͷųԽһС
ħ壬·Ϊ˹֮
Դʮħֵ壬ΪһνһεĹ
ȣ
ħ沿ŤʮħҲֹͣսһͷͷ·𱻹⣬ʧȥκϢ
ڹ֮оŹһسΪҽǰ㣡
ȼգ
컯ȭջǳַˣһй֮״ħɢħЩħԴ˲ʧֻ´һƬɫҲ֮⾻ħʧˡ
ಣ
ͨջؿռ׷Ҷںϡ
Ҷаʧͷ亹ǿսսһͷϹŶǿħնɱ
һ֮мͫħ֣ҶУħּҲʮ
ǰĿǣһ֮ش塣
ʱͨԼ֮Ϣȥûһۼ
ಣ
ʧٴγ־ھ뵶ūϷ
ʮûһģ˻ˣֱۡ˫ȡѪۣǱʮħְΧǱħѹΧūڸͷ֮Ҳֻܲסͷħ֡
հƻǳսھ֮ϣҲͨ࣬Ҫͨ࣬Χ֮£ħֵʳ
н
Ҷʩչľ˲þ֮񽣣ǳ˴Ԫ̡ǿ
ݣ
һ
·ԻѰʮħֵ㣬ԣӦˣ󲿷ħս¾˵ѪۣһнרŹѪۣǽصħֵѪںɡ
ūٹѹЩħ֣
Ըа취þȺҪħֵսף˭ܰٷְѹħ֣
ˣ
ūֱΪаÿһѪ
컯ںϣȻнħ֣ҪħΪӣĽ磬ҲΪǵʳҶȰ˵
ūͷ֮˲ˣΪһƬѪ
컯ȣ
׵ƿ־սռ䣬Ϊ˹硣
ʮ뵶ūͷħɱ֮һʣһҲһͷͷˣ˼ܾˣǵʱ򣬶һднǡ
нֲһչֳ
Ϊοֲ
Ϊⲻһķзͬһ㣬ԴԻΪ飬Ѫɵľ㲻ҶȿƣнҲڴԻʴ£ʮħ֡
ͨ壡
ҶȼϵūԼн޷ѹԼʮͷˡūشħ֣뻹Ҫǿ
ʱҶȵ𵽹ؼãֳͨΣҶȰʮħΧסȻһͬ߶컯ȣūѪˮʮħֿռ䡣
ѪˮħֵڣǸûвħֻʵǿ󣬵ʶ˼ά涼࣬ǰƣҲʶôܳΪͫĴڣĽͻˡ
ˣһֶǰս
Ҷһ컯ȣһ濴սΧ䣬˫ͷħ͵Ϯǳ֣ͷŹնɱ赲ҪЩħȫ
ˣܽô˼鰡ãսһĻ̲ס
Ǹ֮ħսĴڡ
ʮ꣡
꣡
Ҷͨ壬ϴнһֱںƬռ䣬ĥʮħֵ
ڲвͣսľˣȻˣȴӰսħһͷͷܵƣڸ泬Խħ֣ٶȡʵͨǿʼҶȵ־ڲԿЩħ֡
ūʼѿʼͷž֮ħ֣ϴнʱʱ̣
ڣҶȸоԼȫƬռ䣬ħֵϢ
ӣӤ
ΪѪˮħڵĵūҲʼ
ūǺֲܿģս޷󣬾ǵҲǵūĶ֣սѾҶȲࡣ
Ϊ壬о˳
Ҫǰĸͬ屾;ɡʴڣܵһƣħֵ̫ʢҲԵūֻܶԸħ֣Ըħ֣ͻ޷Ըħ֡
ūҲûƣսҵһģ뵶ūԸѣԶŴսЩϹŶ񣬴䣬Ҳ֮Уһɱ磬˵ʧĽݡռ䶼ʧ
һ̾˴ʱ˿̣֪Ŀ¡
֮С֮֮ЩϹŶԼħ󣬶밵ս֮Уġ
˿ֲ
ҶӵиĻͱɡ
뵶ūȫĻҲͳħʳ
Ҷȴӷһ·Ľ־нĳɾͣΪ˱Ľ磬ȱһսҶҲԹԡ
ɲǼ䣬ȥУľԼ̵־Ϊ˹ģҶȼš
龻֣
컯ȫѹħ֣ūѪɫС֣ҲħֵѪ֮ħս͡
ʱˣ
һ޴Ļ龻컯ںϣУֻһͷͷħѪۣӿֺڰǵѪһӿ龻֡
ɱЩ̫ϧˣԸѸ๦򣬰Ϊӣõ
ûһףƽǰݣЩϹŶҲ֮С
ԽԽ󣬱飬ȴ
ΣԼÿһףÿһ
ˣ
һſŴй־ĺɫӳˣ
໣
Щħƺо֣ȻҪߡ
ףߣûţ
ҶôԻںϣеūϣʼߵħ֣˾һͬΧɱ
Чˣ£ܵơشħ֣ǵĶ֣
һħ֣ڼ£ࡣ
ڣҶͷ£ϾˡūϣҪ־Ȼѹʮͷħ֡
ڵ˭
Ҳֻվ۷Ĺ̫֮ڤ
ҶȻǱǻԪԪΪǰԪ졢Ԫ󾳽磬δʩչ񼣵

һſԽԽ࣬ԽԽˣ˼飬ʮͷħֵΪӣ
κһӣԸ׻񣬴ۺ񡢳

սֶҶȻһץһٶӽսЩӣÿһλף
ǣˣ
սܸܵжҪ̫ˣؼǶһ޶ģֻ֮ҶȿƵӡ

սƿնȥƽÿһλףࡢ̫ʼǬҲûһš
ˡūǿֹͣսʼħֵץʱָ֮ǻҪȥԮף
ʣµ͸ֵʮˡūҶԼա


2512 ʼں
컯֮£ʮħֲδȥǵʶҶȵѹǲܵġ
֮ǰֳ벻Щħֻʣ·һ
Իʻعڣͨ帺ƿ컯ȣҶһˡūϽħֵ

뷲֮ĳʪռ䡣
һ˫ͫǷ񷣬ƺ˫۾ˣԴ￴硢ɽ硢һ顣
ʥڤۣ
ĵ˾֮⣬ȨĴڡ
֮ʧҲȥĽԵֵģ
񷣬ĸӦҲﵽ˾˵ز
ಣ
ʧڳʪĿռʮ˲񹬡
֮УڤϷǰվһЩߡ
ӵ߷׷񣺡ף֮ԽңǴķ⵽ƻ֮ƽ⣡
̫ˣڤ̾Ϊ׵ȥյҲҪ԰ġ
һλ߹ףЩ棬ȡ磬ѰŽ죬ǵҲҪ밵彻֣
ȻѷֻǰڤӦ
ףʱʼжܵȰɱ磬ǲſʼ׼顣
ظλǰҲȥú£ǵȻ֮£ǵҲӲˣĽһ֣֮ʧҲܱ
𣿡
ֵزҲ޷ѡһپ٣һ𣬵ںпܶɹⳡƽ٣Ļ𣬵Ҳ߲˶ԶڤЩ棬̫Сʵ뵱ԶŴԼһ񼣣ڰ£
һ磬ջǴܣþ֮Ҳ磬ڵ绹ʵںϵĻͿһͬԸ壡
׵˼ǿʼѷɽ磬һƴḶ́ҶԴ˶ûףǿԿʼжˣ
뿪磬ҲǸõٴλص
ף
һеĴڤ
ڤվϻعʮ˲磬ͷ籾Դ֮ͷŷҪʮ˲ںϣΪǿıԴ״̬
һڴ뿪񹬡
ಣ
ڤɳ񹬣ƿնȥ
һۣ֮˴߳һ۵ַɳ֮ĺգϷǷ硣
·ʮ˲̫ڤں嫺ĵĶ硣
̫ڤͨ޵Уںڰĵ磬ôһ硣
ӵС㣬ʮڤ˵־СںϣСʵѴﵽڤ˵ĸ߶ȣ
ڤӵ˸״˵ջ븸кܴĲͬʮ˲ĵߣֻؽںϣҪףҪ֧֣ԦʮٵѾʮ˲嫵Ĵ磡
СģһᾡȫС㽫ʮ˲һֱס
ǾͿʼɣ
̣ڤʼж֮ڣӿĺ
Щԭʮ˲֮Ĵ纮Ϣǲģͨǵ̫ڤڴģΪǵʮ˲

ĵݣٴĺӲĵݣǱ֮Уͷųâ
ʮ
֮
ڤķɳһڰâЩâһʮ˵̫ڤʮ
ÿһ֮УһˣϢ֣ǴϢ·Ҫںϻ𿪡
ʮ˲Ͼͷ̫ڤ
ˣ
Ҳ˷ӡʧʮ˲
һṦʮ˲ײ㣬ڤһϷһ·

޵
ǵ޷̤ĵطʵǵռ䣬ֻǿ߲ſԴﵽ
֮ʣʵ׹ʣں嫵֮в׹䣬ճ
ʣ֣ʮ

һ嫵ı½Ӻ޵
Ǵ½ֻ֮һڣӵʮʮ٣
ʮٲŲ˼ˣȥ磬ϳɳȥ
֮ϣһӢòĽʧȥƽ⣬һʧҲڲܵĽ֮Ӵﶼȥã
ϣĽʧȴ磬ǿĲ̫ڤ
ȻҲڤҲǷʮ٣
̫ڤҲں嫵ĵݺᣬʮȴԣԨռ䣬Ҳ棬ˣڷ硢ɽ硢Ҳڡ
ʮپ޴ʼûֻﵽɸߡ
ҶȿϷʮ˲Ҫʮ˲ΪһҪİֻܣ
̫ڤòףｨʮ˲⡣
ʮ˲ռ̫ƽ״̬»ԣƽ٣ȴ޷ֵ
ɱˣ
ڴֹɱ磬֮Ҳ޷ֵ壡
Ȼߣǻδﵽ۷壬ҲδߵȷԴֹɱ
ͨ״̬ʱӦԶŴսʱ򣬽Ӵ壿ǵҾͲ˵ˣҪ
ҵȻʶǿù֮ĴڣȻҪңҲᾡ
ȥԷƴӡ
ûǾ׼£ͷһ
˵ܼ򵥣
ˡ
ͻͻͻ
ķ½ʼ𶯣þʹǷһ룬Щֿ֮ʼĸ롣
ЩޱȷǴӷ½Ƿ½ڵڣȻǷǳ̵ʣڸڵգʮ˲ӿȥоһա
ܿ죬Ǹγ˸뺣
𺳣𺳡
뺣ʮ˲֮µķӡϷһʮ˲ϷоԼĸ룬ʮ˲
ȥϷҪʱ㣡״Ȼƿնȥ
ɱˣֲĽ֮ݵ㾪ˡ
ʱͷųĳ޾·磬ʣЩʿʼķ½ںϡ
һԪࡢԼ˵Ļᡭĸʺһ㣬ð㳲ɣȴô£ĸʵʵҲӦûָˣҰʵҲﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣ
Եֵ𣿱ȻߣҲǺݣû⣬ǾͲˣ
ʮ·Ҳܿ磬ãΪ⡣
һϷ
֮ڤ·͸Ӧʮٵڸʮ˲޵
Ǹ޷ѹĴڣںϵڤȻصؿ
ҡҡͷҲӲ뱾־ںϣҪΥǣǲܵģ
صһȻ˼飬ܸӦһɾʮ˲룬̫ˣںϵٶȾͻӿ죡
ڤ
ʱıݣڿʼ룬һһ顣


2513 
Ȼﲻǰ̣Ҳ̫ڤ񼣣ռĻʶɡ
ӲȣѾﵽ񼣣ǳ񼣡
Ҳֻй̫֮ڤ˼̵ʡ
ڤںʮʮϣҪ°ѵݸı䡢ںϡ
ڤѾ̫ڤдУʮ˲ǿϣںϵֻһʱĴ󹤳̡
磡
֮ϣʮڵڷߡ½ͽϹŶԼ£󷨹Ϸռ䡣
ôѻȸҲûС
ڵġȴʲôʱɱ硣
ٿ
ȥ˰꣡
ͻȻǱĴռ䣬һڶǺڶȻһ£ķ󷨣৵һ⡣
󷨣赲ռڵģ밵սȻֲһ
ǰ𣿡
ǿֲĺ꣬𺳲ѣ˲ܽɣǺε޷ʵ
ٿ
ʱһ⣬֮Ӵڲն

תһȭǽֵסֻǱ˺󼸲Ȼһ𣬾Ͱǽ׺顣
̤磡
һλˣۣϢ޵س羡ͷ
ǡǽ
߼ӣֽкá
Ϊں񼣵Ľ
ֲһ밵֮еħǿ߶ò¡
ϹŶ˿ºˣڣҲõģ
ףǾɱ㣡꿴͵͵Ǳ磬֪ˡ
ᣡ
ףһץƿ־ȱڿռһ󷨵ס
ǣʣϵ׹䡣
Խһ˵ʵ޷ӡռ䣬Ҳֻܾ赲ʧ
ٿ
֮С
궯ˣڶ֮УڵϷԲεУоתḥ̂Ҫѽ顣
ǰ̫ˣٶԽ밵忹ָ
˾˹һƣһѾոս׵ʵΰħֵĶ֡
¡
ǾȻˣ޷꣬ԷѾƺ飬ְƬȫ
һͬԸ˹֣
ɣ
֮ͣĿأʶǰжǿѲԼսʤĴڡ
ˣ
һâ֣һλˡ
λ˸ͷߣ彡˶һӵòͨΨһ˫ִͬ
ѪɫģмĿĵѺۣ˿ܾͨһ˫ơ
񼣵ػߣ
Сˣǰ֮еǿߣȻǸӿֲĻʼǿߣǲͨİ壬˾ڼħ֮£
ɱ
ϳһף׾֮ڵϢǶЩͬ
ȻǰǰǿĴڣױȫпڴ䡣

귢Զ̹һ
̫ˣΧռסǶ˫һ˺һӡ
һâץס֮Ŷɳ˺ѿռ䣬Ҳѽק˳
ͬʱƬռ䶼ǺһƬʲôûеĿռ䡣
ֿжܲס
ףƿղˡ

Ҳ֪Եػߣһڽٶȶľˡ
֮
£侲ռԽԽˡ
ʱһоǱâӺ
ϻƣ
һ˺ѵѪƣǽһǰһйꡣ
ٿ
һڶ֣겻ˡ
䣡
ǺڶʧĲ죬Ѫӡ飬ۣʧĺ걻˦˳ʧȥƽ⡣
ݣ
׼ػߵʵȻ˼顣
ץס˻ᣬǺ껹δƿƽ⣬һƿգͻأ·𽫿ռʵǽٶȡ
ͣһÿһ
űһɼǵѪۣѪɫУͻΪһвӰ
ÿµĿռֱͨںϣʱضԶգ뷢Էûˡ
Сģˣ
ʵûߣֻǶգȻ򽣷
ڰֳǶգ˶ܸӦǵĴڣǶй飬򽣺˺ѵѪơ
ѪǸԵ˺ƻ

ϧһһɺɫ֮⣬˽ĺ󱳡
ǺڹҲδѪƣѪУ֮ҲֻܵһӰ죬Ⲣ
ٿתʱɫ԰ף۽ǶѪһֱˡ
һոߺˣΪ˱ٻ񼣣ħնɱ˵
ɺްʵʵ̫С

ͥԿ칬ɽ޵еĴڣǿ֮ģΪף뻹ɽ磬ʵ䡣
Եǰ壬ʿ
֤ԼɴʱҲûа취ֻܴ߶
ˣ
â⻪ˣ
·ԶĴռ䣬ʱҲƬâǡ
񼣣
ϣٵϹŶ̾
񼣣
ԿػߣȻռϷǰ֮УԽͨħֵĴڡ
һɽˣ
ɽ֮УɽΧ˼̵ǳ˴ݣΪ̵ʡ
žžž
ô˻ᣬ귢˹
һƽһ꽻֣˺ѵѪƣ޷κκꡣ
ᣡ
񼣣ڽĴ߶£ӳ
֮⣬һ񽣡
ڲЩɣں֮֮еֶΡ
񼣣飡
Ǻ񼣣𿪶ֱȭͷ񼣡
ݣ
ͣ
Ǳ񽣣ڽ֮£źٿͷƣһļ
Ȼħֵұ
ףףף
񷣬ڴۼ֤һĻ޲ߺź
ɣ
ʧȥұۣٿʧ
ұۣһߣұۣǻһ
ƺ뵽ʲôɫ󾪣ˣ²ãħֿҪħںϣ˵Ļʵߺܶ࣬˾ǶԸһںͷħֵľ޹֣Ϊ磬ģ
ǰ
վ֮Уٴһ衣
ಣ
ع֮У뽣һͬǰ
ˣ
һڶˡ
Ŀͷ­ƿնͷħ֣Ǻںͷħ֣Ӵڶ֮н٣Ȼ˾޹֡
ٿ
޹ֳ֮ͷħǺ꣬ͬʱһ
߶ٶ̫ˣΧռ񼣣һͬħƣʼȥ
˼һĻ񼣶ȥ
̴߶񼣣񼣿ʼƶٶȻشɿռ˳
ᣡ
ðһ麹ħֵʵһ񼣶ɣ
һץ֮⣬ٴγһ񽣣Լɵ񽣡


2514 Ԯ
ȻʵԵġ
ͨɣȴڲʣдƶɡ
ٿ
ħɱ˹
Χͷħ֣оǺ죬ɱʱһ
˷Ԧ񼣣ʱգռ䡣
ݣ
˲Ϣ䣬֮񽣴һ׼ħֵԴղһܰħұնξܰԴ
飡
ħίʵͷħſ죬ҧס񽣣Ƿ潻棬ĥ졣
Ҳ֣֮֮У˫۲Ϻ£һֵַնħҲʾͼӲŹ񽣡

֮ʣͻȻſ죬һռƬ
á
䣡
˭뵽ħһռƬ
޷Ԧ񼣣޷ռƬصػ񼣣ռƬٴ飬оѾ񼣺顣
ûУ񼣼̵ĳ̶ȣȻܱһӺ飬һΡι֮أ
ȻħһռƬ
һν˷ӦԱߵĶʧˣ֮ʧӰ٣ͻȻһڿռƬϷһĳ
ռƬըƬǣ
ಣħһơ
˫ִһУͬϾͷų
ɱ
˽һ
עɢڴ˿̷˾һ
˻Ϊ˽â֮֮УȻǽⲿ֣Ϊһ۽â
ݣ
ۣ
ںΪһ壬ľͨʵ޵Ľϣ񼣵ںϣĽâǿдӺ̹
Žâϰ롣
໣
ͷħַսĺС
񼣣ѹ
ȫһĽں󷽣ĺܾˣ˫һϣȫħֻᣬƵײ˹
࡭ħֻһš
¡
񼣵ײ˲µľ޹ײûΪѪ⣬ͷħֵԴҲƤһΧ
ȼգ
ͷŴ𣬷аѪĵطʼȼ
ĸ֣̫ѶԸˡ
Ȼɫ԰ףնɱħ֣Ҳͷ۷Ҳں񼣣ɱħֵġ
κֶͨΣħִڣҲ޲ߡ
ף
ʱӴϷշǧǿߣǶһơ
ڣԴľͷЩħֶɱˣ
ɱһ֣һˣףô죿Щǿ߶ԵòȻѹסħ֣ȴҲħ˵
ȱΧħɱ磬жħһɱȥ˻䣿ڽһϢһֹħɱȥطҲܲˣ
ĳеս⡣
˶ûѡ˺Ļô죿
ȱڣ

ħӰ׷ʧȫΪҶȡˡūһпʼʧ
ͨҲʱҶںϣٿƲָˣսҲﵽһµĸ߶ȣūҲͬǰǰĮ·ѰҰ֡
ȱڡ
̧ͷңԶȱڣﾹȻһ˴ڵԾ˵ٶȱŵ֮С
Ȼħ֣һĿ޷޲󷨶ֹ˴ʧһܼħڹݣҪѴݳ׻飬Ѵû
ֲðʱûٴγִħ֣мƻһĽ
ಣ
Ҷȴžˡūǰշȥ
ʮǾͼΧɱħֵ
񼣡
룬һɫɽ룬Χʮħڹɽ񸽽Ҳʮħ֡
ɱ
Ҷɳ뵶ū
Ҳ˹ȥ˴ɳſռ䣬֪ж䣬ֻʣһˡ
ħֵʬ壬ҲʮͷƯΧ
Ҷ߶Сʮͷħʬڣͨ弴̿ʼ
ˣʱ򣡡֮Уĳ֧񼣣߶ʮͷħֽ֡
Ҷȷ޷ݡ
ʮͷħֺܴ񼣾޴Ҳ˵ƣΧʱʱһܻܶͷŵֿԹ񼣡
ħж
ݶҧ飬ΧȥҲᱻҧ顣
ɱˣɱ
ΧǧѱħɱûģҲվ֮Уž޴ľɱֿϣȼǿҶ־
ˣ
һץסһͷħֵԴȭһȥħ໽УҲ׷ħ֡
Ե
սһҲħѷɫħ̫࣬ǿֲĿռҲмܡ
ˣ⼸ͷħֽң
ūںһ࣬ŵضżͷħ֣ΪһѪӰħֻǰθˣһڽһ¶ӡ
ģջ񼣣̫񼣵Ҷǰ
Ľӡ֮󣬺ʧȥƣҶԱߣʱڷΧüħִȻҷɡ
Ϣ
Ҷǰ֪ĲųΪףںϣȻӵ񼣵̫Сδﵽ߶ȣס
ͨ壡
ӡ֮һͨˡ
ͨűþ֮һ֮С
ҶͷųнֻûɴԻģֻһͷħҧҪſռҶȡһ¡
ͣ
ԻʹشӰɱסħ֣ɱħƤ
໣
ħҲɱ
ݣ
һǺ󷽷˹ħǵٶ
ȣ
ҶͨͬʱͷһӡͷħΧҫ۵Ĺ⣬ͬʱĹʯͻͻͻѹħϣΪҪħѹ

벻Ҷһ֮ȻܶԿͷħ֣ҿɡݡ
໣
ħǿʼ໥ҧѹΧĹʯƬ
Ҷͨͬʱ֣ҪͬʱԸôôħ֣ЩףҶͷųĹ𣬿Īǵ
ʥǹ
ͨץסûᣬʥǹһǹһǹħֵͷ­ʥǹ޼᲻ݣЩͨħѾмܲסԽҶȡ
ݣ
ԻҲʩչ108񽣣˹ȼյĽԺ֮ƣħ֡
ѪʼһħʹĲҽţͨԻʹ£Ī仹Ƕˡ
컯ȣ
ҶȻҪЩ½ףûգⳡ밵սУջᱻû
̫ˣ̫ˣʤˣ
ΧͣǲĿƽΧǾɱħ𺳵ĳҲǳ֡
ͷƿӿǿƬռ䣬˿ڶʱղ
ָܻһһ㣡

һſӵˣ̺㹻ָָͨ
ץסЩ񵤣񵤷ָڳǧ
ײĴڰ
ģڹעҶѹͷħ֣Ҷȵֶ۷


2515 
ͬף
ͷź񼣣Ҫʮħֲס֮ȥΣﶼȥãһûоʵռͨףȻԿ⡣
Ȼں˺ߡߣϾųΪûжã
ҶȾͲͬˣ
ʣߣѳԽףҲں˱񼣣ӵ񼣵
ˣ
֮ŸֹâᣬħֵԽԽСҲֲ̫֮ˣҲΪε֮꣬ԭ
ˣ
ūˣͷħ֣ΪѪܵģ
Ҷ֪뷨һץͰѵūͷħ컯֮Уͷħֶ֮ƣֻҪɡ
ҪĶ
ɻĴǧҶȵ֮ʼָһͣϻƿؿռʵִﵽ۷塣
ģ
ҶȵٻһԣҶȽְ磬һɹ˫ͷħֵۺʼӿڡ
ڻġɾˣҶһֱھĶԴ˼ˡ
ҶȲκⳡƽս֮䡭
Ǵ޷֤һ㣬ֻӵиǿ
ľᣬŹͥȻϹŶջǱã޷Ҷȣûɽ֮С
ħֵ̫ˡ֮󣬻ľֹͣУҲþȣƻָˣʵҲõһ
Ҷȶģȱ￴ԼȥҲֻϹŶǿսȥռ䣬ֹħɱ磡
УҲֻϹŶأﷴǰ㵱ģЩᡣ
Ǵ·գһ̣ԺֻҶȹ¶նԸħֵıӰ
ʣµűҲ

ħֻΪ˳Ҷӣ֪Щӣܰﵽˡ
ΧǷףһ֮
ͻȻ䣬һæĴ
ǡǬ𣿡
֮ҶȾ֪λˣǬ񼣵ףǬ
ҶϹȥæѾ˽ȵǣࣿʵ·ҲӽϹŶ
ȻȥˣҶȿʼΧӦһλס
գˡū档
ƿնǰͳֶʮͷͷħ֣ħϹһ
֮Уһ񼣸߸ߵش룬ΧǿߣͷųħֶԿ
񼣡꣡
Ҷȼ񼣣֮һϡϵ˹ȥ
꣬ˣħֺ󷽳֣Ȼ񼣣סħ֣սҶ
ţ꼤Ӧ
飡ħֹ̫ˣһδι󷨣ײÿһι󷨳顣
ħֵĹӦüֲ˶ãΪ񼣣ƿ־ô󷨾ħֿ⡣
ȻһֻܹѾⷢħίʵ£ȥܲסħ֣նɱħֵĻȥճԿҲǿ߰ˡ
ħӵ޷ľͲһˣһһ㣬ְܼ꣬Ȼħֶ֡
顢ʥǴž˴ΧħȽ϶࣬ýס֮УҶȿʼ˽ֿūǼϰ취ͷӰħֵжԼ
ಣ
ʮߡ
ūҶħϷȥūˣūʱղħֺܶģūͷڵϵĻסʮͷħֲ⣡
͵;ֱҲСģȻħֲҲܴ⣡ҶūڵʵȫﵽϹŶ߶ȡ
˵ʵµūսѾҲﵽ񡢺Ԫָ߶ȣĻӿֲ֮ɱʱģҲľūΪħѪҺ֮УǾͿԶؼħڡ

󷨿ռ֮ڣ
Ϊ񼣵ֻļΪأһҲˣ󲿷ֿܼס
λ
֮УǾ޴ǰһд۵꣬ϴϵѾǶԸħ֣Ҽסҧסħ֣Ϲնɱħ֣
װ
ûжĵⷬ·һͬľ괺˾ͷ
ԼףǾĹϴ桢˵벻࣬Թ֮УǿĴڡ
ˣʤԶ
䣡
ħΧͻȻһ˵Ĵ֣趯ħһͷͷħϣҵħַ׷ˡ
컯ȣ
ħڵĿռ䣬ȫΪ˹ռ䡣
ҶȳϷͷŴһƬɵūѪŹֶ֮ʮͷħ֡
ħֿɲöԸƺ֪֮ſ죬Ҫѹռ졣
ڶҲˣħִҪʱӳռ䡣
ռ
ħԽ࣬ԽöԸǾˣԴħ֣ҲսοڶʮͷħѾˣҪռ䡣
ҶҲˣɲħְװӳȥȻҪ໥ɱ״̬
ͷųռͨΧȻٶĹವس֮󣬲סΧռԼƬռ䣬ҪҲҪסһͷͷħ֡
ͨ壬ŴнɱУЩħ֣
ħֲöԸ
Ҷ֪һ㣬ռǳ࣬Ҷһ֮ѽôħסǱػȥ
ҪǿԼǵ
ݣ
һн˹ռ䣬ħ֡
ħҲſ죬ȻҧסһִнҪѴнҧ飡
û컯ȭ
Щħֱռ䡢Χ
ɲҧнͨʮһ̣ÿһʩչǿ컯ȭ
飡
ͨԣķҲޱǿģӵһ׵ٽ컯ȭҲġ
Ҷȿƿռٴѹħ֮ʣһ컯ȭħҧסнĿԴ
һſħֵԴʱΪѪһ컯ȭʼһͷͷħһ˵Դʼš
Ȼûնɱħ֣ȴħֽһĹ
ҲħԴڴʱūʼħֵжܵӰ졣
ٿ
ħǲԸġ
໥ʼɡ
ɲһЩ꣬ͬͫһĴڣħֻ֣ħںϡ
أ
ħİͬ¶Ѫ
ףħɱˣ
֮У󼤶߸ϵꡣ
ҲҪи̫ǿˣɱ̫ͬ飬ܸǻᣡɱ˵
ͨħ֣߼İɷʽһҶץסᣬͷŸǿ컯ȡ
Ҳٻн׼֣һΧū֮Ҳڱ
ˣԸоħɱ˴֮һձ˴˵Ѿ֮ǰǿһҲڿҵ֮ҪѹҲǵóѵģūڴ˿˵ˡ
ǿһȴˣǷȻǣҶȻе㵣ģϣħֵ١


2516 սħ
ħȺ壬Խ࣬໥ϣӳ˵ΪѲġ
෴ǿˣ໹ԼԸǡ
ͫԼλ꽻֣Ҷ
ġԵǺ꣬ûħ֣Ϲ񼣣նɱִͫڡ
ͬ
ħǲڿռ䴩ҲûٶȡռɱȥճԿ
󲿷ף¶
ħںɣǿҲеūڣ٣໥ɣҲõūںϣħ֡
໣
ͷħֳˣȻǿޱȣͨħǿ
ϧǻδ顢ʥž˾ͷ˿¹
ƣÿչ壬ħ֣˫ֱסħֵ壬ΪӪ˱סħֵԴ˰ж˲֣ʣµĿʼħ֡
ҲӳƣԹ
䣡
ħʵǿˣŤһͬڣڿռ˴ײΧռ䣬ҶȵҲ޷ֹ
ͨͷųͨӿֶħΧռ䣬Ϊ˱ռ䡣
Ҷȿʼ뵶ūϣͷų

ʤ
֮е֮꣬зɳ֮󷨿ʼ߶ĹâǷӡͬʱѹͷħϣּϾͨռţͷħ¿ѳ
ˣ
֮ȼգ֮ʼͷħƤʼѪ죬һЩѪɫаâħֵߡ
ūڰԼֳĲַ֣ʽħ֣Ȼ޷ȫƣѾʱʱ̿ɡħֵ
컯Ѿûͷħ֣ǿν˶󣬽ħѹ޷
ʣµҶ컯֮гһſӣȥֻѴС鶼ڣڻر
֪ʲôʱ򣬹ռҲħֵĶ
â֮У֮ͷħ֣ʮþħ֣ħֹѾɥʧ
꣬ǿϢˣ
֮Ҷ괫
ֺʮΧ޴ʧˡ
Ҳʼٽӡ׷׾ۼվ󷽣ȴҶūħֳնɱʱǲ˿

ֹȥ꣡
ʥâ꣬Ҷȵ΢΢ħֵӣ̺˵ã
ӣħֵ겢𾪣ҶֶΣģ
꿪ʼ󣬷ַӣһţǵͷãָ
ˣ
һڲͬӣͨһץ̳ǰ꣬㹻ָԸħֵİ취ЧɱйǿߣΪħֵʳ
Ҳûа취տʼħֽ֣ܵشֻܲȡ󷨿⣡Ȼһھӡ
ͽħѾɱƬȱڿռ䣬취ɱ磬ȥռ䣬Ҳȥ֧ԮﻹǽϹŶ
Ҷ͸Źػһ䶣ҰӦûдҽӴһΪٵİǿߣ̫ǿˣɱ죬ֻϹŶܶԿ
á
꼴ìܣֹϵشӦˣƣʱʱ̶̿пв
ʼںӣ֮󣬱Ҷȸ𣬷·ա
ħֻһΆе
һʱȥ벻һħ֣ϧͽ͵ģעǶҪΪӡ
ҪҪͻԪ죬Ҫ
Ҷȸоʱ䲻ã̫ˣ޲ٶһЩͨ塣
˿ʼλҲʼͨҲҶںϣūȻħ
ռ䣡
СˣЩħһͨǣɱ磡
գģʮͷħֽ֡
ˣ
ľϲ߿ա
ǿ߼ʱ֣ǰԸħ֣ЩħҪɱ磬Ӧǲܵġ
Ͽգڵȴţ׾Ϸħսʱʱ̣̿ħ־ɱ硣
죬ȱڸһƬա
㲻ҵĶ֣Ұ峼ɣ
ʬ壡
һϹŶǵĲ˿

ʮϹŶ֮һ
ǰһ꣬ںʮͷħ֣Χʮͷħڿռ䴩
лǧǿߣҲһˣɪɪûһ˺ˡ
Ĺ񼣣
գǶ񼣡
Զŵ֮һĹ񼣣֮УƯŴʣȥûʲôȴһЩԶŴĹ

ҲὫԼʬ壬֮УҲҪΪ񼣷񼣹档
Ĺ񼣡챾Ҫ񼣣׳ΪǵķĹ
ͻȻͷһâΧʮͷħǼǧǿ߷겻š

ںϵʮͷħ֣һâͻͻͻϯĹ񼣡
ǹռ䣡
ɫָһЩںĹ񼣣ѾҲϹŶ߶ȣӡ֮󣬴Ĺӿǹ⡣
ǰռâħγֲͬĿռ䣬ռ俪ʼŤҪԷѹ˺顣
ħֽһһŤռ䣬ʼԽǹռ䣬ħֵ츳ռ޵С
򣡡
ΪϹŶһǰġ
ĹͻȻҫ۵âһƬռ䣬ȻΪǹռ䣬ʯͻͻꡣ
ٱͳԶ٣
ħֱּûϹŶ׹ʯſȻһʯֱӡ
밵˾ˣɱ죬Ŀʼ
ϹŶڰǰҲ޲ߣƿǿһҲΪħֵʳ
ͷܳΪħֵʳ񲻶ģĹ񼣵ħʱʱ̶̿ǿ
֮ŭ
ȥа취նɱħ֡
Ĺ֮УӿһǹУնħ֡

ħԴſ죬һھҧסǹС
֮
ûַӾ˵Ĺץһȼյǹ񽣣ݺݵգ۴Ĺ񼣳һȼյǹ⽣ֱɨꡣ
ϹŶʵ̫ˡ
ߣѹ죡
꿴ҲɵϹŶ񼣵Ҵ⣬·ͷħ֣Ǿǹ⽣һڶ
ݣ
ǹ⽣ֱӰһڶκʡռ䣬赲񼣣ͷŷĹ
ʵ

ɫɫͻȻ緢ǴһͷͷħһռƬһһ顣
䣡
Ƭ赲ǹ⽣
˵Чռ䰴Ƭǹ⽣ʧȥâǹ⽣𽥱ռƬû
ݣ
һ̣ʾ֧صϡ
վ֮У˫֮жץȼյǹ⽣ͬʱӳ
ӳ񼣵Ĺâʧȥࡣ
ʼĹ񼣱ɺɨ޴ռ䣬ѿռпǺħΪ룬Ҫг顣


2517 ף
𣡡
µҲԤев
һδڶΪϧڶͷųƬƬرи
״̬ͻȻͣȻ޴֮бһʮͷħںϣΪһ޴ޱȵħ֮
ħݺչԴſ죬ֱҧסͷų

ﵽ۷ĽĹ񼣵Ľþ޴ħԴ㱻飬ħּӲݣҧ
ħֵĹ񼣣߿գΣ񼣵ͷųôȻǱĶ֣
ǿδأ֪¹˭֣üŭȡ
Ĺ񼣣Ӳݣ˺飡ħͻȻӿڶ֮С
ʱϷ˰޴ĺڶŵĺڶƵѹȶһŴҧĹ񼣡

һӳȼյâȻɸͱħҧסһǿƸҧ顣
ѹ
ĹͻȻƶħֻδĹײħϣħֱײɣħֺ󷽿ռ飬֮С
ಣ
һڴ˹ذĹڿռ䡣
ԭħһԴƺҪĹռ£һ̳֮䣬޷񼣰֡
񣡡
ͻȻ䣬һ޵ӰĹ񼣺󷽡
֣ôˣһؿ󷽣ֻһĲӰ
ӰҶԸЩħûģѽԸղŸӦĹ񼣵â͸Ϲˣ
ĺãͷħ̫ѶԸˣںʮͷħ֣ܽ񼣶ҧ飡
ں͵ϮȻħնɱ
ûԽħնɱֻٴ񼣵ڿɺãǰ󹥻
Եüޱȡ
ԭ֧Ԯףǵ׵õϹŶ
ٿǰգһڶħֳˣЩѪҺǱĹˡ
ħŴ죬˵ĿռƬ
ݣ
Ӷ֮һһǿռƬȻǱ飬ħֵûоͷģԲ֮Ĺ񼣾ͻʧȥơ
ʱһӰͻȻΪһ

ϢʹħϷ£ħָоϢ³˴ǱѪħģرв㱻ϡ
֮ץᣬﳤ񽣡

ħˣǴ죬ҧס񽣡
ͣ
ǱֻΪ񽣣ħȫԿ֮ʱһԴ֮ϡ
ǵǧ򻯣񽣣ޱȵؽħһԴն
໣
ħʹļæΪޣ֮С
ӣ
Ĺ񼣷ɳ񣬸Ŷ֮С
նɱħõʱħ̫ǿˣǰ֮еߣһնɱˣҲĥս
ϹŶգʧȥһԴħ֣ʼĿռ䣬׷ɱȥһͷһӡâ
ˣӡâħֻᣬסһԴ˳ƬҲס
û£ϹŶԶԸǿħ֡
סѪʱȼճĻ档
û£Ϊһ󶦣סһ
˷
ͻȻΪӰ
࣬࣬﷨֮飬Ƿ֮Ϊǿ飬ںϣΪԻûκηľڡ
֮ȥ磬Ϊֲ࣬԰Ҳ޷Ϣ
ͻͻ
ħգǴʱϷһƴӣѸײڶ֮ƣѹڴ֮¡
񼣣ںϣ
ͻȻΪһââʼգ֮УΨһĹâ
ۣڵȫѹ£ħһʱ޷ؼ֮ǰˣ״̬ƾѹ
ڣĹںĹ񼣵һӽħһԴն
ȼգ
Ĵӣ緢𣬽ħʬУʼٻ
â֮߳ʧˣȥͷȻ߰˲٣֮ǰȼ
Ĵԣħʬ֮ǰðսħֵӣǿ԰ǿħʬ彻Ҫɶӣ
Ҳǣܣ֮ǰշһͷħ֣ܽħΪӣ֮ǰҲһţȷ̺޷ͬ飬ϵ
Ȼħʬ壬շɳڴս
ѹħ֣ȥԸħ֣
գȻִ̬ٻĹ񼣣Ϸ߶֮شһͷͷħ֡
Լʱ֮
ǰ
Ҷȴ֮߸ž뵶ū
Ӵ֮дףնɱİǿߣίʵϹŶʩչ񼣵ܽնɱ
ǣ
ͷһҶȾʹӵ֮УħʬȻֽǧӽûεĵ
߻Ҫϻȥ֮ƿնȥ
ں϶ɣںѪΪڵ̬нҲ࣡
ʶϹŶɣҶȵʼħʬ壬Ȼˡūնɱħ֣
ǣˣ
뵶ūһȥ
ˣ
龻ֳˣһ¯ħʬ壬ϻ龻֣ǿħʬ壬ҶҲһʱ֮ڣ
ͷħںʮͷħֲ֣
ܵħڵľ˼飬֮ǰҲնɱһͷħ֣֪ĿԼɹ֮
ֻҪɱħ֣Ǿܸ˵
֮УҲֻҶȿħˣħڵľ綾ܾǧ֮⡣

ս֮УǧΧħֹ
ͷĹ񼣵񣬼ʮɱ¶Цݣ֪ж
Ȼɱ񶼿ʼˣ̫ȫﲻæɱһ˶Ըһͷħ֣ҲûжѹȻһʱ޷ħնɱħ޷˺
ϴ󣬰ɩȥǣ
ʱҶԺ˳纺Ӱӡ
ǶѴնɱ˸ʱյħ֣Ȼȥ֧Ԯ½ףǺҶһڵĸոս׵ǿǡ
ڶԸħ֣ǵĶ֮УҲлΪεħ֣ںϵħ࣬Ҳȡʤ
Ӳˣ
ҶȻ֮󣬳ӣȻսˣٰЩӽÿһλףǾռħֵʬ壡
սӻΪһӰʱƿնȥ
Ҷȼħ֣ã˴󲿷ʱǰսҲӽβ
ף
ǰӣںϰɣãҶȻ֣һƬӷ
ȥԮϹŶӣһա
ҶȰڣ뵶ūϷѾնɱһħ֣ħš
ħʬ¯֮УȻ󽻸ͨ忪ʼֿԵӡ


2518 ػߴ
λдħɱ죬ټס
ټĴ죬ħɱս
ʼÿһԺ
ɲʱ׶ȱڡ
ȻҶȿ񷣬Ѿ޴ȱڣǧͷħ֡
ʱ˿̣ǿ޼ɵɱ죬ûκԵֵǣȱΧıݣѾʧ󲿷֣ħ˺ҧݣԽԽ󣬴ʣڼ뿪ŵ֮С
㰵ʱͣսٽ죬״̬ȥ첻֮һգ׻Ϊŵա
¿ɺãͨͨʧȥƽ⣬׵ƿҲʧû־ƿأڴ㡭
һħִɱ죬Ҷȵüͷ֮ɫ
֮ǰɱһħ֣Ѿܵشһжǿ߿Լ֣صǴϼ־ӴʧǴƿص֮ʧȥƿʶսʼ
ȥԵֵ壬ƸϾѾ澳֮С
ҶȿʼħҲþ뵶ūһЩħնɱҪȥ֧Ԯ
һս
ףһЩħɱˣ
Ƭսһ񼣣룬һλӣͷں֮һͷħֻ˺顣
ףϾȻҲմȾħֵľ綾ֱ벱ӿʼá
õԶߣ޵С
󷽣ǿߣڣʣǧΧɱͷħ֣ʬ壬ԼħֵѪ⡣
ܶһо綾ǻҧȥ
ڣȱƮ֮ϣͻȻӿʮͷħ֣һڶսٶ
лλ꣬վһͷħֱϣŻ
ȫǳ׶
â֮ȥüͷһ᣺־ƿʧôôĿռ䣬ԸӦ
һףʱȻҲе
ħִģȱڣ˴ĿԶŴ񸴻Ҳ޷ȥ޲
һעʧ
Ϊʲôսﻹʲô˼ôͻȻʧɱɱһͷħ֣ӱͨЩʮͷħ֣ȻתЩ񣺡ǳ˰ɣһλϹŶȥӪ
ף
ǧ֮Уɳˡ
Щ˶Ի֮еǿߣâиǿߣϧˡ
ЩǿâΧЩʼѡˣһΧɱͷħ֣һ뿪Ƭա
Ҳ߰ɣ
ƺ
Ԥʾʲôıܰǰɷħ֣ȴ쳣ƽ
ףﶼȥǵ־Զ뿪񼣣ٶǿߣȻսع¡
ǿףΪףκʱ򣬶뿪ɽ뷲׼ˣΪױΪȡʱ䣡
ףףһ·ɣڣǾڣˣǵ־Ҳ棬ӭµļԪ
ãɣ־˵ĺãԼʹǲˣǵ־ᴫȥ絮ǵ־Ὺдǵĵ·
âοɲǼ䣬߶񼣣ٶ˶֮С
ΧǣǿһףԼһ񼣣񼣣
ħɱˣ
ͷħֱϵĺ֮꣬һͷͷħֲˡ
ٺڶڻΧʮͷħΧ
ɱôͬ࣬λףͷǱˣ걩ض֮е
νЩնɱˣȻһŭ
ںϣ
ΧʮͷħͻȻ˹ſտһѪڣҧ񼣡
ڴʱһӡ֮󣬿ʼΧͷħںϣһںϰͷħ֣ԶԶȥеİ˽ź֡
𣡡
֮⣬ۿħֹ뼸ǿߵΧһɹȼյĻ档
䣡һ׷װЩħ𿪡
ಣʱǺԦµʼͷħſ죬һһĿռƬ
ЩռƬ֮󣬼ﵽһ޴ٶȣħֵ񼣣Ҳֲ˶á
ػߣ
ҪԸΧħ֣ǰħַĹ֪жһâ
֮ͻȻȼһ棬ںϣһɸߵ׳˶˳ˡ
ػߣ
һף֮߳һĿռƬȻһȭ
䣬ȭ޿ƥУÿռƬϱը顣
ػߣԼ׵ʵȻﵽ˸߶ȡ
ӡ
֮УڳԸΧħ֡
˫ֽӡ֮󣬴ӻ֮ͻȻɳӡ
ǣӡٶֿ־ˣͷħҪߣǷӡҲգסħֵж˲֣Ȼâ߶֮£ͷħ־Ȼק˻ڲ
ɱ
֮Уٶǿߣ׼ˡ
ͷħֱӡƣ񼣣ǿץݺݵɱħ֣֮ڶʱʹ
ɶ񣡡
ǰĺʢŭѣֱɱ
ƣ
Ϊػߣں£սȻˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊȡʱ䣬ɱΧЩħ֣ȻǿʼֶԸǰͷǿħ֡
̫͹԰֮е߼ħ֡
ȥ
걩ŭһ
ಣ°ͷħͻأ䣬ͬʱſ
ͷųɵâоķǰǰͷħֵĴ죬Ӷâؿʼħչ벫ɱ
Զŵػߣһչʵһ˵ͷħ֮ǰɱò¡
ۣ
ڲٶǿߣѹ˲϶ħֵѪڽͷħҳࡣ
ӡ
һΣͷųӡǰΧ飬ȻħֶգǷӡ·ԸӦħֵϢϵ֮ݺᡣ

ǰ
һͷħֵĴ죬ĹһҧڴĴ֮ϡ
ۣ
һâħԴһѪɱħɿ죬æ
ٿ
һȭ磬Ӱͷħֹ֮УͻȻ
ԭǺ귢Ĺ
޷ΧħֵԴѿ䣡ȭںϰͷħʵĺ꣬ûɣһȭдţΪѪ
ʧȥ۵Ĵֹħֿ񼣡
񣬱ѲӡԺǾӵ˿񼣵ְΧħնɱ
ʧȥ۵Ĵ絶ʣٿâӣЩǿ޷Ӧ׷ǵԺ֮С
ӡ֮ͨǿͨӡƿ񼣵־Լֲκ˵Ժ֮С
һӵͷһֵ
Ҳ񼣵һͨΣʱ̣֮ǲʩչӡΪÿһӡ񼣵
ڡûѡ


2519 
׵Ĳӡǲܹף
ǿü˫ͫҫ۵Ĺâ
ǵϢʼ仯Ϣʼںϡ

ৣͻȻɳ񼣣󷽣һץʹһͷͷħֹʧ
ΪǾܻˣҪⰭ۵Ļ񼣣ˣ޷뱾𿹺ģ
·צĶħʱͣ¹Ӹ춼ˣ㻹ܿϣ𣿡
ϣУϣ죡ɱڵ˵
죿໹ܿ𣿸ɣҰ֣δɱ죬ɱǵĹ֮Ҳֵס
𣿼Ҳ˺󣡡
ǿϣԿϣϣǰ壬ͶǣĽǻΪףΣҲΪؽһµ磬֮Σ
֮ˣҵ־ҵô£ֵĵģԿЩΪѣ
ǾƲԳԷƣ
ˣ˵ǡ
ɣƴҲҪնɱһΧӿâơ
ЩƣоʵʵĴڣʧ
ɱ
һЦ°ͷħſ죬Ӱ˷ҧ̫ˣħ
飡
ȻΪӰÿӰץƣΪ̬İͷħִ죬òϺˡ
սߣ
֮У
磬·һȼ񼣻ǿߣ׽סӡͷסħ֣֮С

ͻȻʣµͷħ֣Ӻڶ֣ſҧ˻֮ϣ񼣹âʧһЩ
񼣹ԣ
ȡڻ֮У񼣵ıԴںǿ
ħֵرӲħּҧȥҲȼ񼣻棬˫һץ֮Щɽɳٵʯ飬Ϊ񽣣ɱ񼣿ռ䡣
֮еɽ񼣱һʣӲǿ󣬿ػף߶Ϊκι
ˣڲʣǾһһ㣬ƻ񼣡
վ񼣶𣬻ںʣ
񽣣˼ͷħ֣ɱѪĽ޷һͽħնɱϾ֮УҲ⹥
ǹȴشħ֣ħֿʼɵ񼣵
໣
ʱͷħ־Ҫǰͷŵķӡâ֮Уһ񼣿ռ䣬Ǿ񼣵磬ħֻбնɱˡ
ħַսĽ
ںϣ
ֵĺ꣬ҧҧһӡ

Щ𿪵ħ֣һоħ֣ǳͷӡѹħֺ󷽣ſ죬ʼħ֡
ˡЩħ֮ͬʵǿ
ϷֳԼħͬ飬޷
䣡
һʮһͷħ֣ճΪͷʹĿֲħ֡
һڣͰǲϵķӡˣȻ߿գͷħ־ȻҲ໥
ֻգ۹ͷħ־ʣһͷ
ͷħִһͷħֵϣ˷ĺɫƼףһһ߶೤
ħֿ񼣣ڵѾƻ񼣣򼸰ǿߣȻϿա
˰ɣĻ񼣼ûˣ޷ӵڵֻܳΪʳ
ǰ겻ֶ֪ٸغϣ˫˭Ҳûռƣħû˿ƣľˡ
˺һۣЦ񼣲˵٣ͻģ
ҵó仰޷𣬵ǹأ˭֪ǺǣڨڨЦ
սף
ҲԤʾʲôϢٴαϳһͭսףҲ˲١
ͽͣͽͣͷԴҧ
սףٶȡʵϢһ̶ȣһȭһȭħԴֱҡΣħҲſ¶Ѫ
ǿףζ
ǺͫӿѪɫâ˿ħԴٶȣּӿˡ
񼣣
ˣ
ǿվڴΧۣѾϡ
ͻȻ䣬˺ֹͣΪһĺڶϷ٣޴ޱȵħֳˣ̫ˣ֮еľ޳档
ħһ

жԸħֵľ飬ӡ֮󣬻񼣺󷽳һγɵҶ֮С
ǣ
ɲʱڵĿռ䣬񼣣ħֵɣħҪһڰռ䶼ȥ
񼣺󷽵ʼζоҪħƵġ
ٿ
һħֵһԴһռƬ
ಣǿ˲ӡһɹâ֮кʱǿռƬײ뱬ը
Ҳȥˣ
ɱһ
·˭Ҳ޷κ˭
¶ɭɱ忪ʼʧͷħҲںϣȻһȹͷħ֣޴󼸱ֹħֳˡ
ɰ֮еǿǰ֮еǿߴ

гһââһӣնǿµħ
ۣ
һ磬ħֵһѪۡ
ֻħһǳǳѪ۰ˡ
ͣ
ħſ죬ҧһԴͻȻڹɨ
޷ܣħִҧϷһԴײϣ۽ǡͬ͡ʱѪ
ս֮У
ƣսʧˣгС
͵شħ򦡣
ͣ
̫ˣȻħֵڡ

ħʹֱУһԴһײϡ
ͣ
ͻѪȻûܣǶ㿪Уָħ˵ڶ
Ҫħͬھ

ħеսˣˣҧϷĴ죬һâ˲˳ȥ
ںϣ
ħֶڶ֮Уһ񼣵ħ֣Ҳա
ף
ǿǣԦ񼣣Ѫ޷ȥ
ҵʱˣ
񼣣Ȼ޷һ£Ѫͣش
ߣˣٻָܻܿ
ָô
գͷħѾﵽնɱϹŶĸ߶ȣװ˷ˣеǿߣǶ߶ӡһҪɱͷħ֣ţжҪǰ
סǿƺ֪Ҫʲô
ûʱˣĻ˵һˣԻ񼣵ĴУ̫ˣ
˵꣬ȼճ档
ף
ӡ
ǿٴλص֮УǹˣҲȼճҫ۵â
֮¯
һѪӡԼѪһ۵ӡ
ʣΪâΧЩʣʼڡ


2520 

ʣڣƤ롣
Ѫȼգš
໣
һºڶǰǸ߿ճˡ
һں˶ʮͷħֵĴڡ
Ӻڶ֮γΧһ
ȻֵľٶĪʲôıɣ
ȻдǿߵʱħְΧռ䣬һһɣΧռ𽥳ΪһƬããſռ䡣
ʱ·ֹͣˣҲû˿Ȼʧˣŵıߣ޷硣
ܵ˿ռٿħ֣ȴſռζ𽥵ؿ
˺ɣ񼣣޷նɱǾͷĹ󷨣ħһͬʧǣȥ
ֹͣӡһۻ񼣣Լһλλǿߣ漴Ȼתħ֡
ף
ǿ߶վȻԸҲֻܴ߶񼣣ջ˺
·ƫҪЩ࣬ͲôڣħԽ̫ˡ
治ڣǰܾģ
ΧٴӿٵƣϢ֮Уһ붼񼣵ƣʵ֮ǰǿ

ħֺǴ죬ɴռ䣬ɵĿռƬǰԴſһһ
֮ȭ
ƱںճХһһȭһȭһӲȭӡռƬǰײһδײٴνΧռ˺飬Ƭ
֮磡
ִͨƶŵĿռ䡣
ΧЩ˺ĴƬһһ鱻ƾ£ʱħֺȥ
䣡
ħһ𣬾ͰѿռƬˣֱ仯˹ռƬ
ħϵĺɫƼ׷·͸źâιռ䣬һƬſռ䶼ս
âϵսֻΪУʱħɱſ칥˲䣬ħͻȻ

ʱףΪħҪ幥ԭϵĺƼףҪ˺
еǰħֵǺɫƼ׵סƼײǼӲޱȵĴڡ
ײγɴ۵â
Ϊսף޷̴
ħֲתǺɫƼײϹС
ؿħ壬벻ħǿ˵ĵزʵš
꣡
ٹײ֮ͻȻ䣬ս֮У顢ѵ
ҵսףһ׶밵ɱ֮Уնɱħ֣ΪνȴҵС
ͻȻеУ˼Ѻۡ
ҰʵģǿԲȥڵһǿ״̬ﵽǿ״ֵ̬ܵо㲻ˣ
ħǵ⣬â֮ʵ࣬Բ޿֣Χչ

ƼħӿһƬƬɫƼײײ֮ϣϢԽԽ
䣡
ڣеУȻ˲ˡ
սףԻ񼣵ľ磬ȴħֹ£ػˡ
սף
ŻΪƬľۿʪˣľ벻ԼС
ͣ
ħȴץס˻ᣬûսףʣһƬƼף׾ͽâұƿɼǵѪۡ
Ʒ
ʹعħֵ룬ƣΪһ
ħƼײһΣƷƾһ֣ͨôҲ
һĥ㣡
ħͷ­Ϸɭɭطâӳķ
ˣҲҪ汳
޼ƿʩȥħҪģĲ࣬Ȼħֵʳ

ͻȻ˫ۣΪ˻棬Ļ档
飡
ȼ֮ǿǿưħ𿪡
ۣ
ħֵĴ죬ҧ֮ϣ³ѪҸǣħ־Ȼʳ
ħɣֻ벻Ҳɷʽ
棬ԼԼƣйٶʧ
̶һѾû˷֮ħִһѪɫ֮ڡ
ף
ңԶգ
ǿߣڻУĿħһĻǾˡ
һ֮ħˡ
ħΧâʧŤ޴ʼȥ
ħ֣Ҫͬھ
˭֪
ͻȻħڱ
ɲʱֻһһϢȻħֵı̴ԭһ񽣣һȼںϵĸ񽣡
ɶԭʵ˱ɡ޳ܣ
񽣴̿󱳣ħʹ˴죬ʼҧ񽣡
ͣ
ʱ˿̣ħ¸Լط񼣽һһ
¼Ԫ
ͻȻ˷ɢȥ
䣡
Щ񽣴ڲʼٴشħ֡
ħڴʱȻ˵Ĵµ
䣡
˿̣񼣵ıըâħж˲ֿʼը񼣵ħп
֪˱ɣ͸üĥ
ͷħּʱӱը֮зȻ໥ںϣΪΣڰգϴѪۣŭɶضǱը֮е
಻İǿʮͷħֶںϵڱըҲ˵ʮͷħ֣նɱ

һӰŭХƿն
ףǻŭҪɱˣҪˣҪһʶ
ֵԶգһӰ֡
Ҷȣ
ҲֻܳóӦ־ͷţ
Ĵ죬ʲôʧЩףƿص磬ٶܵ
ʱһȴǱըѪɫâ
ͻȻżɵĿ⣺ǹף
Ǳͷ­ɣһжΪҶһۿ꣬ǲŹͷħֵġ
ȱˣŹ㣬ף
ƺ֪ҶȵȻתһڶȥ
˵ܲˣܲˣ
ҶһץռǺڶһס
ոսڶĺ꣬ȻסԴռ
㡢㡢ʵħֹһ޷ռҶѾϢǰ
߸ϵҶȣħѾ֪û˻·ھ벻ףҶΪǿֵزһоܽѹ
ҪһͷǿĿħ֣У㻹ɣ
ʯ䣬ҶһħֵԴ֮ϣԪ˲ħֵʶ
ಣ
һһ˫ͷħ֣ǱҶ֮ǰħ֣ͷħֳ֮Ѻɡ
ħֵϢǿˣҶȽõĹߡ
ף񼣱
Ȼ䣬һӰħѪȼյſռ䣬γɡ

Ҳʶô־۶


2521 
־ڴ־ںһ·ԡȼյħֻ֮
ף񼣾ͽˣҵУ޷ȥ
ֻ˵仰־ʼŤ
񼣶Զ࡭
һ׾ˡ
־δȫʧѾսᡣ
龻֣־棬ȥµļԪͽ־Զ֮䣬ֻͣشȥ
Ͽճ˻龻ֵӰΧ־Լ׷֮С
ܿʧˣħֵѪҲΪӣ龻֮󣬾뵶ūҲ˹
Ҷһͳڻǰλ˵
ó֮ǰ׼õӣˡ
ҶǰϷҶȹ״ˣ񼣰ɣ
Ҳ񼣺úϢһȻ֮У
Ҷ˵꣬Ҳ֮УҶģ񣺡ȻָһЩ󣬾ȥ֧ԮףǶڴеĴڣʱһ
ǣ״ˣӣʱоڱ̫ӡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȳ⡣
Ҷž뵶ūǰռȥ
ԼֳһƬս֮С
ƬսȱڽԶս֮Уҫ۵â
񼣣
Ҷȼǰȥͼ񼣴ڶԸʮͷħ֡
ҹ񼣡񼣡
սһ࣬Ҷ־񼣡
ںϵҹ񼣣ںϵ񼣡
ɽϾͷʵ뾭鶼ʱħ鹫ӵˡ
밵彻֣߾ͷˣƯ֮У߶񼣵ǿߣסʮͷħ֣ƺ֮ǰ밵ɱ¾һڴ
սӡ
ʮ˻ˣ
ͷŷӡڵѪһ̿ʼΪľˣǸߴޱȣΧ˸սơ
ǿ
ħɱһ˳֣ĸ𺳡
ǼӭӾɱԶţΪǿʧԪֳˡ
ҹ֮Уһ˫̹Ŀ⣬˿ڵ˫ͫҶʱ֮ǰħɱѾܵشֻܴ߶סħ֣
дħӣȷ£Ҷץȭͷӣֱ𽻸
ԺóӴСӣõūȥ
ಣ
Ҷȳҹ룬ʮͷħöյϲ񼣣ĥ
Һ񼣣Ҫһ񼣵Ļ˵ͷѾˡ
ȳûָʵסǣǻָһЩѹǣ
ôħ֣ҶһҲܳҾ뵶ūȥԸЩħֻ֣취ħ
ߣ٣
Ըħ֣ҲֻԸ߶Ա֮ʣߡ
ӡ֮ʮķˡ
߷˵ǷҲǷֲͨķΪýӡͿͷųһ֡
ôҶҪӡҲԼһֲЩ֮С
ݣ
߷ӵʵҶӵսҲǲСӵģʱ䣬ӷϱ
С
ô˻ᣬҶȱա
ʮͷħ֣ڿռ䴩ڶԸ񼣣ֲ׶ԸħûǿĿռͨԸҪԴͷ
Ҷ֮Уŷ߷Ըħ֣һͷħ֣Ͱħ򣬲Ƿֿ
ˣôǻжԸħֵһ
ħֻڴǲöԸ̫࣬һСĻħֹ
ҶͷһգһͷħֳˣҶħ֣ںһߵħ֡
ͷħ֮ǰͨ߼ħںϣʵѾﵽħ֣ԽЩͨħ֣ЩħֵĿռȻõİ취

ħһ֣Щյħ֣һק˻߷Ҳ߶ֻͨϿռǽһƬռ䣬Ϊƴһķռ䡣
Щħ֣գǸոգͱ˻ˣһڴɷռ䡣
ռǷƿصģһռ䣬ʵһ֡
ҶȿƵħ֣Χ׼ţʱʱ̿տռЩȻΪҶȶġ
յҶҲӣҪڴΧ񣬲ָܻħɱ
أ
ʮͷħڿռ֮вϹ߷ţҶֻܼ֣ħֻһ룬пܽѹûа£ǲððȻħֳ֡
ħ־Űʱ䣡
Ҷǿˣ
ͻȻҲҹ񼣣ͷųǿâ
˶ԸЩħ֣еҵõūæħ֣ǲռϷ磡
Ҷۡͨһᣬ׶޳ϾūжǺġ
ūһƬѪ״̬һսƬսжʮˣԶԸʮͷħ֣˵ǿ߿԰
ѪΪūҶͷǰһħ֡
ԼڻΪһƬѪҶͷ򣬵ūѪһͷͷħָǶȥ
Щħ޼ɵУΪĽһûǿûж֡
Ǵشˣūںֶ꣬ͳΪһĴڡ
ҹ֮УҶǾͲô߶񼣳˰ɣ
Ҷ׵ֹ͸ϣеūæǲô߶񼣣ٻȥɣҪҪȫѹħ֣Щѣ
ˣ
ҹʧˣһѳҶΧ
ʱں񼣵״̬ڵ״̬Ѿǳǿ󣬲ЩʮԪףһЩࡣ
ͷסǣ
ҶӦ԰취ʼӡӱ߷ΧɱħֿռϷ˵ͷâ
ӡ
ӡ֮ճһȻӡ
ſ죬һâ
󷨷ӡںǸԵ汾¡
ͻͻͻ
ӡոսħڿռ䣬ħ־͸ܵвʼſ˺ҧһ󷨡
ħίʵ˵ķӡһͷһͷ˺ҧǷĴ죬һ˺顣
ҶȡۡĴڣҶԼĿұ£󷨲ϵؽ١
ߣϴнԸЩħ֣
Ҷͷųн߷ƣɲʱһâɵĽӷд߷
ݣ
ֱɱռУ̫ˣħնƤħ̫޴ˣʹ治ʲô
ȴãħּ˵ԼǶԽԽСģҿռĵطȻһɱΧ


2522 񼣻
һʱ䣬ƺʽûеõı䡣
ۿֶҶʩҶɱУնɱһ֣߶ͨǵа
Ҳã
Ҷ߶ͨӡ֮ʼͷڵľƬռ仯Ϊ˹â
ȣ
ռ䵮֮Чͳˡ
ħͷŵƣԼжɣȻɣħжܵѹȡ
̫ãҪɱʹ죬úóж
Ϣռ䣬ʮͷħܵйռƣǷ·޷ʶͷӬѰҳڡ
֮𣡡
ͻȻ֡
ϤĴ֮гˣʱĴ֮չ˴
֮֮͸Ź
ҶȲƿصĹ벻Ҳƿء
޷ƿعģֻôߵں֮ͨУ͵ڽҶȵĹ
ǴߵĿֲ֮
ݣ
һͷħֺ󷽣ɱ֮ëϯΪУк޷Ӧħϡ
ЩëҶȵ̫⣬ںϴʵһʱһͷħɱѪɡ
ٿ
ħûֿ˹Լ࣬һҧ
Ȼûܣ屻ħһѸҧסһȻˡ
֮
ħϷ֣˫ץһݺݵشħֵԴ֮УħѪʱ
йռڣͲħֵѪһͰħԴƿʹħڰշڡ
ͷħֲҲֻʣ°ˣ
𲻻ŹնɱħֵĻᣬħӰں׷ɱ
һ࣡
һ˫̰ɫĿ⣬һͷħ֡
׼ˣ֮ǰ巢˱仯𽥳ɫëʧѩɫı𣬶ʱ𽥵س֡
룡
ʥ룬ҲԶŵ֮һΪ֮ǿĴڡ
ۻΪ뱾ƺɽ綼ٳ֣Ҷʶô꣬δʩչ
˭ԵĲ࣬ħ֣۱óԼǿʵѹħ֣ȻҪħѹơ

ͻȻȥǰצץħֱϣֻһһѪⱻƷħҲ۷ҧ
֮𣡡
ſ죬ħֵĴ죬һ̬ͬɫĻ棬ڻ֮ľӨƣȼյĻ֮УҲ͸ͬһľ⡣
䣡
ħֵĴ죬̫ˣ֮У˲ħȲѣɻ˶
ǹһĻ۶Щš
ûȥֻצӶħִһ˺ħֵͣһһ˺ˡ
ȷ巽һ࣬巽Ȼ밵Щ࣬Ҳ̫ԣֻҪ𼶵Ĺ
Ҷ˿Ѿһͷħָնɱˣ⵽ǡ
ū˰ɣ뵶ūͨ
ˣͿӱħ࣬Ҫ˼һʱ䣡ūħڣ
ͣ
ڲԶǰ
һħֵԴͻȻڰշ
ֳִ֮ڽͷħָնɱմħֵѪ˲֮󣬺Ȼǰͷħ֡
Ȼй֮ѹƣħֱǰֲڶ
ֲˣֻеĴ֮ʧˡ

һͷħסһͷħſ죬Ѹ͵ҧڴͷ­֮ϣһԴҧ顣
ġʬ塱ҲΪ˹Ƭ
񣡡
ͷħƺҲϵˣʵڲôɲʱͷħΧ˰ããĹǽڡ
Ӧǹľ棬ͷħֿɲʲô⣬һڣͰѹֱӺ飬һһ㡣
ЩľƯڰʱΪһӰǴץ֮һͷħִ·ιǿԴӸߴݺݵش̳֮
ѪŽħԴ̱𣬻ΪѪ
ȥ̴֮ħ򦡣

һͷħִͻȻҧ󱳣ûӦ˭֪һͷħôɱ˹
໣
ʱ֣˫ͷħ֣צֱӰħִ˺
հ
мħִ֪ģҪǱҧסĻֻʣ°
֮𣡡
һ𣬹ղǱ˺ħͷ
ȣ
յħѪѪҲΪ̿
ץס־ѻᣬһħִѴֱӺ顣
ͷħֳɥʧսȻţҲֻķݡ
ˣˣҿʼ߶
꣬ū˶
Ҷô뿪ռ䣬ǰռ䣬ʼˣѪɫСִħֵץħִﳤ
ʣʮͷħʹţٶȻܿ죬ֻûоٶҶˣҪڵ
ûᣬɱ
ħֶʹ𼤶ɱ˽ȥ
컯ȣ
Ҷȳû߶޵Ĵ֮ͨһ컯ȡ
ռٴγָĹâԼ棬һ龻ֳ컯֮Уžħֵ龻ҲʼħΪӡ
ȻħֻڹΧռ䣬֮⣬ڤڤ֮УϢ֮䣬ҶѾǵ
񫣬ûɱʹ죡
ȡһħֵԴԴ֮Уеūһ
ūȻնħԴ֮УǴûӰ죬ǼħֵѪ֮Уħֵ
䣡
۴ʱҲצ˺һͷħֵ壬ѪҲħǵū
ֲ̫ˣ
״ЩͷƤ飬ֱħֻҪ
߷λ
֮ڵūȫ汬ħֲٹռ䣬ҶȾͰѷڣȻȫ߶컯龻֣ħֵѪ
ںϣ
һЩѪ⣬ħֵʬУӿС֣ǵūѪ״̬
ǿʼںһ𣬵ū˳ӡħϵѪɫС֣ԽԽࡣ
ˣ
ۡ뵶ūնɱħʱ
컯ȵҶȣͻȻӦһ־ʧһ־ıըԶ
ѵˣ
ۣüͷͷŸӦ
տ𡭡ˣ
ɲʱ˴𰸡
ӦһƬĴʱ֮С
ʱյǱըֵĿռƬԼʡ
ͷѪģħ֣һ£ȻһЩ񼣵Ƭ
ǺӺ󷽱ըâ֮Уһʬ壬˵ģǸӦϢҶȾ֪˭
ףտ
һΪףﵽʮԪĴڣʵǳǿ벻ջⳡƽ֮С
ӿɶǣǺ꾹Ȼտʬȥ

ҶȶϹȥʲôˣҲѲǺʵҲǳǿһ׸Ƕ֡
ΧҲ׳֡
ֻ˵ÿ׶鲻Ҳħִв


2523 
Ետʬִ֮Ӻ󷽱ը֮УٵƬ
Ƭ
˵񼣻
ստ׵ĵط񼣣Ȼ񼣣
һˣھȻһҲ
λˣ
ƺҲӦˣӹռɳűɫ
տ𡭡ҶҡҡͷˣҲ飬Ӵһ
̾ҶβϹæǶ˿Ҳտһⳡս֮У
ⳡƽٴķ籩ԽԽˣ˭Ҳֻܱ֤ȡʱ䣬ս֮ǿԼ
ҶȻһץž޴ӣ۷á
ˣеūҾ㹻ˣЩӴϣǸȥռ䣬ҺԸħ֣ɱ磬ڴ죬ͽϹŶǿסնɱħ֣
ҶԼౣأȥҲ
ͷвᣬҲûѡ񣬴ѾصģֻпϹŶ
һ磬Ϸбݣ·Ҳбݡ
罻ڵıȻȲϷıݣҲħܼ»ģǱȻṥռ䡣
ֻҪŽܶԿס塣
ټϴϷһϹŶأעѹͻٺܶࡣ
ǿߣ·ʱգ˻Χɱͷħ֣ħֶ˺顣
֮УħȻѾûвūͷѾȫǵж޷жֻܻҶ
ôħֿ֮Ϊǿ֧ţ޷ʱȥԸħ֣ΪôӣʵҪԳֱȥԸħ֡
ȱڣ·ʱա
һߣ׷ԲԵŴʴȱڷɳȥ΢΢ﶯš
տ䣬񼣻𡭡·ٴλصԶŴսʱ򣡡
λߣϹŶ֮Уվ۷Ĵڣ
ƯżǿߣЩԪǿߣÿһǾϹŶ
ʱԼ֮Уˣ밵彻֣ʤˡ
ãؿ߿գ͸żɣԶŴսʱǻ·졭ȱѳ飬ķ־ʧ졭Ҳʧ

ͻȻתµؿǿߣʲôӣǶˣѾѪѾΪ棬ðɱ磬硢ɽ硢硢Ը⿴Ľͬ𣿡
Ľ磡ǿߣĻش
ɱǾҪֹ壬޷ֹǣĽΪʳǾĽһ
˵֮ȻתϷǿƺڶȱڡ
ȱ·ȴɱ
һӰռ䡣
Զʱա
ӰǰڿƹȵҶȡ
Ҷվϲӭǰ
ףĿǰƶԽԽѾʧȥ˴죬ģ밵嶷ȥɱһͷħ֣һͷħɱ磡˫֣Ͼ˵Ҳ޷ֵ󡭡廹ǻɱ磬ϷûģǰڣǵһɱмƻɱʲôֵкܶϹŶվֹ壬Ҳɱ˰壬ʮԪİ
ǰҵȶᾡģ벻񶼻˵ⷬ
֪Щöʧȥս־
֮ס˾õѣ̫ڤҲǵĺѣ׵ˣҲֲ˵硵̫ڤ뿪ǵӪȥʮ˲
ȥʵҲڴ죬ǰҲ϶ҾͿ϶ˣڰںϣ˵̫ڤ־Ŵ죬Ȼںϣ
Ϸ˵Ǹ磬Թ̫֮ڤȲϹŶΪͳεʱǾ׷ǣǹףȥޱߵĺڰʱգһƬƬʱգһ磬ӭٵ磬˵̫ڤʮ˲ô֮͵˴󲿷磬絽벿ʱնǺڰţ
֮ĴϸգЩģοĵطκƽ٣Ȼ޷ֵΪߣ˵֮ΪصʣһӦⳡƽ٣һµļԪ
·ַ·ҶȺȻĵҳ
֮ڵƽǷæµӰ
ǰһȹⳡƽ٣ȻʧأҲкܴʧ˼ȥϧܾˣʱʵû취ҲɱһԸ壡
Ҷȹ
ףڤСѾͷʱһ֮ԼλϹŶȥȻ̫ڤѪ־ǲỳɵģǵ˼ǵ
Ƶʼӿ죺ڤعļƻʵҲеģĽ·֮Ԩʱգ硢ɽ硢̻𣬵ڣԵȷϣɹƽٵϣ
ҶףȰ弴ɱ磬ʱõʱѷ硢ɽ˴õãǽ밵һ̣
ЩϹŶҲˣ
ô᣿
ףЩǵΣǶ꾭ӪĵطˣҲ֮ʧʧ֮ǰҲش
ǻѡ񣬴ˣǾΪģֵ壬Ȼɽ磬ȻǷ硭
Ϸ֪Բ㣡
ͻȻ¶οЦݣ硢ɽ硢绹Ҫ׼ʵԽǣµĹ̺֮˴¼Ԫ
һ
ʧľΪصĴԪԼߡÿһǴ˵֮еĴڣϳ֣żȻȻǵõ˺ڰĴУʵǵõ̫ڤϿɣϹ֮ĴУѾǱѡеˣԤ֮ӣ
ҲЩɺϣ
ɺϣɺϣһϣӵôɺϣɺ϶ϷˣΪβϷ̤֮󣬴Եýأ˼ϸ壬Ƕ㣬ûԤ֮ӣ
ϷҪˣ㾡½磬ЩϹŶԶΣʱ䲻ˣҪϽﱸǵķҪֵǣǾͲˣ
˵꣬־Ϊһ棬ʧ
ҶĿȥһֱ˳ĬһŻصռ䣬ӡ
֣ˣ
һϹŶǿߣȱ·ȴš
Ԫۡ
һϹŶ
ȥ˹ףö飬ˣ񻺻ۣһ־صڡ
Ҳͷ־ȥ׽һǺúϹף
Ԫһᣬͷųʮ־Ӱһض֮С
ȱڣ֪ʲôʱɱ


2524 ɽ硢
ռ䣡
ЩħɱΣ
ڴ֮ڡ
ġն졢ꡢҶȲףǴŽʮԴǿߣվȱΧռ䡣
ʮͷħ֣Ӵճ֣ʱʱǴڶնɱӶɱ죬֮С
һ߶󷨣ǿޱȣһʮǿϣȻûնɱʮͷħ֣ȴֹħ޷硣
ȱڣֹڶս
ռ·磬¶ͽϹŶǿǣзڵȴš
ǿ߶ۼƽټϯ磬ʱ񻹲վĻֻΪ
Ҷˣ
֯󷨣һͷͷħֵǣеۣȻӸ߿գ־ϲ˴
ȻҶȴžˡūӸ߿ճ֡
ˡūʱԸħ֣
׼ҶȾ÷顢ʥžˣһɱ󷨣ħɱȥˣū֮еȴš
ҶȰѽʮλ׾ۼһ޷ٻֶۡӦˣǻȱڸħɱ
ոǰҹ˼Ըħ֣ȱھͽǣ׻һһڴֹħ֣Ҫȥʼж硢ɽ֮УԤɱ磡
ϹŶǶûаڴֹ𣿡㵵ĵ
ΰڣϹŶûаյһ£ȱڣڵȱѾ޷޸ܣ˵Ѿˣ˶ãݽᱻħȫ飬һеᱻ޾ɣһеһжӲ
졭
˸ԡεĿ⣬ĽеãĽ磬ɵȴҪ
Ȼﲻãǵ
ĿˣϹŶǵĵģ޵ȥ̫пɱ磬ıݡʶ죬ռǴħɱ磬ĻôҲҪɣ
ϹŶ˼֪ͨףϣٴνӪֹħ֣ˣǼо󷨣о͵ū⼸ʮͷħֲв
ʱʣ޼ҶȻԼҶ֮ʹȱڡ
װ
Ҷȴռ񷣬ǹϢ񷣬Ҷ¹

һ̣Ҷȸо
ҶƯڸ߿գ΢΢ͷŸӦ̫֮ˣ޷ܶȹⳡƽ٣
ಣ
֮УɳӰ
ϹŶ½ͽ𣬼鹫ӡ޵ˡ߾ɽۣһҶǰ
Ҷȿ¶ͽ𣺡λǰϹŶλҪһ£Ѿʧȥ峹׻ݣʣϷΧս弫пɱ磬Ե鷳ǰϢ׵ÿʱմȥŻһЩʿǱҪվ
졭
Ϣ½ͽʵ޷š
ѾûкˡѡĵزѾλ֮һ񼣻𡭡֪ж䣬ʱ䲻ˣӾͷϹŶһˣǼʶ㣬ػ֪Щʱջʿ
ǣȥ׷ģЩϹŶ߱ÿʱա
¶ͽ𼴿̷ϹŶӪ
鹫ӹҶҪʲô
Ҫɽ뷲磬ȥ˵
Ҷͨʧ񷡣
ɽ磡
һâ㣬ɽ֮ϵ޽֮ء
鹫ӡ޵ˡ߾ɽһֶҶȡ
״ĿǰǶ֪ˣǿɽ磬硢Σ
Ư޽֮ϣҶƽ˵֮ʾ˿·ɽ硣
߾ҡҡͷ߳屶ֳɽʮҶ˼ˣһɱ磬ɽĻɽûκˡǿߡֿ壬һж𣡡
½ԭ򣡡
ԭӼߣһվɽ۷ĴڣⳡսѳĩսңԶԶŴսɽ硢粻硢죬ӵ񣬰ɱĻһɣǵĵеĹȥԼˣΪʳ
ĺעˡ
Ҷֿʦ֣ȥһʥأȻĩսɽ粢δ̫ܵӰ죬ǵˣ
ǣ׵
鹫ӣȥһ壬Ҳϼȥ屾Կǲ֪͸˵춼ˣҿǱػ½ģҶֿ鹫ӡ
鹫ӵɿҶͶأ
ɽۣħͽˣа̣ȥһˣʵавͬģʩչǿӲֶΣͱĴǲ֪֪ܴһˣͶһˣ
ǣɽ۹
λǰǾȥ֪ͨɽͥ˵ȵȣǾ
Ҷ򶫻߾˵
߾ʵͥأ
⵹Ǹ⡣
ͥҶ̤ɽ翪ʹΪС
еشۡش۵ĴϹŶɽ绹ԲģͶʥλĸ
أʥΪףͶ𡢵ܣѾΪˡ
ûʩԳͽ䣬Բãǰѹˡ
Ľͷľ͸ȥȻһο̹ĵļ䣬Ϊ࣬ջƶɢȥ
Ҷ׵ͥҲȥ֪ͨһ°ɣЩ˵ͶϴεܣȻͥЩѳ˾֪֮粻Źǣδ̫СҲתһǹȥ£񲻻׷ˣ
üͷͥҲʥϹϵ˵Ļܲߵһ𣡡
Ҳûδǵġ
Ǿȥһˣãжɣ鲼ò࣬ҶҲ˿
ಣ
˷ޱߵɽʱա
ɽߣһ
ҶȺȻֹͣ뵽һȺˣȺ˸ӿ԰Ϣ֪޴ɽ磬Ǿɽߡ
ͷŸӦԼ־밢һϵɽ밢һνӴӵһֵϢ
ôûϢһҲûУѵһ˴ߣɽԿĹ֮УˣȥңԶɽ磿
ӦһᣬȴӦһȾŴߵϢˡ
ҶҲỨȥӦǣж߾ϹŶ㹻ˣֵӵиŵˡ
һṦҶȾͳɽ뷲޽֮ء
ƺԼƴӷ´޽֮أ⣬һһɽ磬ꡢٻ
¾ʵһҲģ
ǲľ䣬һӡ
ˣ
޽֮أҶȻΪһâķ˷գӦڷƯʮŨңҷϢɽһĩսضʧȥƽ⡣


2525 Ե
ķʧȥƽ֮󣬶ʱյȻȥܶӰ졣
ĩսʱЩͷŵ飬ЩԵаϢԼȻͨսգɽ硢硣
ɽ硢ǱȵͼĴڣȻеƽ⣬ȵȡ
û⣬岻ڣôչжԶŴս֮ǿ½磬ɽ硢磬ǿԼӡһԶս
Ѳڷ硢ɽĵԼսռӡаͻӰƽ⡣
ϧĩս֮ûдϢ֮
սոսܵشֳ⣬޷Զսǰ㣬սµĸֻ
Զս
ƯڷҶȣȻ뵽һڡ
Զս̫ͬʱ֣ԶŴս֮սӡ硣
ԶսŴаꡢ顭ǰЩԶսϷߵǿƳ
ԺΪѼԪȥһԶսռľЩԶսӵвپ˵аꡣ
а˶ܿģҶҲҽӴǣˣúõĻΪĽ絮һԸ塣
ҶԼΪ뷨Ϊе뼤
ʵֵĻǰҪƻĽ磬ҪӳصĴۡ
ʹߣ֣
֪״֮Ҷȿʼͷ־ڷӦ
ĩս֮׾ɳǱڷ硢ɽ磬½۾ǰҲΪ˼ӵĶȻüӵЩʹߣȻҪ
ಣ
Լʱ֮ʮӰӲͬ
һ󣬶ǻԪĴڡ
ݼף
ʮǿҶǰͳͳ¹
ҶȻ֮䣬ǰЩʹߣǳ񡢺Ԫ̫ۡϹŶµǿߣ϶񼣵Ϣ
Ҷ񣺡ɽʹȡϵȻڷ翪ʼ֪ͨ׼תƣ׼½ͨ
ǣף
˶ҶȵĻŲɣΪվǰˣǲĹס
ʹߴҶȵķķȥ
ҶȿʼȥͬʱͷŸӦ
𣡡
˻ڷ磬ոͷŸӦʹ
ܿ뿪磬ʪĺڰռ䣬Ƿĵط·ʮ˲ڵΧǾޱ޼ʵĴʱգûĵط档

һӰӵݷɳǷ
Ҷڳʪڰʱ棬ҶҲ졢ѩˣѰ̩ĹһĻĻ
̩ӡǧ䡭ĵ졢ѩ
ĳʧӡǡ
ѸӦݵʡϢ׹磬ɽ綼ЩϢѾ޷𣿡
ȱѾ״򿪣޷޲ѾʵЩϹŶķǰֹ壡Ҷ̫̾ǿˣǶ֣һɱ磬һжᱻͬʱŽø죬Ҳ޷⣬Ҳ֪Ǻεȵκ鶼µĺڰȴϲֺڰ
ԵҲ޷Ȼƣ赲壿
û밵ս֪˿϶壬ǱȻǿѡ
ƣνƣڰǰǵʳ̫ڤȴǴ죬µҲ޷ֹ壬ֺ밵忹⣿
ȻˣҲҪʼ׼սȥɣ
ͷһŻɲʱҶȽС
ˣ
ɲǣҶȾͷֵˣһϢʮ˲һ߼
ͷȥӦݡ򡢷˱仯涼ʮ˲Ҫһ㣬ֻһ磬ʮ߲ʧˡ
ĪڤѾںˣҶȻȻʵ
Сں̫ڤʮ˵־ڵ£ıʮ˲ķ򣬽зںʮ˲һ㵽ʮ߲磬Ҳʮ˲ںϣĵʮ˲ںϵ磬ˣ
Ҷʣδںɽ硢Ķռ䣿
ͷڼƻ£˸ãǹĻڵԽһĶ磬ɷˣ

һƬӰշ
Сˣ˹ȥ
ҶڤԼһٶԵľͷһЩͷʵعڤࡣ
ǡǹװ
ڤȻǰޣ󷽵ͷ˷ԱߵıͷŹܣϹŶˡ
֮񣬴֮У̫ڤΪǿԶž벻񴫳ߣǰ
޷ŵǣǿʥڤĹ֮񣬳һģһֹ鶼ֻ࣬һǵϢһϢ
֮ɫܿʧˣֻʣº档
ڤѾ˷ʵݣЩͷĻỹƽľֹ
ڤ֣ͣ£ؿ񣺡֮񣡡
ݼף
ϴ׵ϣһٶ߰ĵͷҶȹ¡
ˣ
Ҷһ֣Ȼһɵϵ־Īĵƿһٶͷ
˺ŵֶΣڵȻܵų⣬ʱ𺳡оͷ
ڤҶԱߣҶһͬڵĴͷҶ˰ɣ⣡
һλϹŶ߳ףūȷɻΪι״ˣƿҵ־뷨򣿡
ǰϹŶҲ⡣
ܼ򵥣
ڤ͸ʥ֮ʥڤǹ׵ķʹ֮ҲںϵǼԪڣΨһһںϵĴڣ״ҲδģĹ֮Ҳ޷ǶףҪںϵķ־ֻеõҸ״ɵĴڣڤعЩ棬֧ҵʵҲǸ״ڤڤ֮е־Ͽ˹ףǵõ״֮ͬʱϿɵˣԶ־
ԭˣ
ڤ˽֮ǰЩҲųҶȣˡ
Ƕˣǵõ̫ڤ־ϿɵˣΪͷŵķ
õ־ϿɣػųҶȣبŲ
ҪĿľǱ֮ǰ飡
ڤ˵ֿҶȣʾ˵䡣
Ҷȱȭʩ񣺡ʥڤ۶ϣܵõΧǰڤһ𣬴ʧȥƽ⣬ĩս󲻾ã;췢սǴȱڣҲ޷޲ȱڣֻǧͷɱ֮ȴɱʮǿߣЩǿߣǻ񵽻ԪľͷǰڴҪǵʱ򣬹ϵվȱս֮У밵ħɱ̫ˣλǰӦö֪108񼣣Լ108ԶףԶŴս֮У˳һ룡


2526 ڵ
ǵȷ֪һЩ
Ҷ˵֮ϹŶ¶ɫ
һλͷ̾ԶŴսв˶ս֮УʱԶͨǽֵֻ֮ʮ˰ˣв֮δٻ񼣣ʱ108񼣳֣108׶ͶԶŴսǵ̤磡
ǰ¹ȥٸԪȴȻ£ʱǾú֣Ϊβȫǿսսһʱ䣬żһЩסǿ߳ڲͬսʱҲ֪һֲĽĹ壬ɱ죬󲿷񣬶ħɱҵǲпĺܣʱҲڤ磬Ŵ췢ң
һλ߽ſڣԶͨǽڽʤ·޷ȫȡ磬ʣһЩ׳ˣԼԴľиǿߡս˽״̬½иսҵܵشԶͨǳսսãϢʹ˵ǹֻ֮֮֮֮׵ȵȵĴ񣬷׷ս䣬ʱǻ֣ΪԶŴսЩͷδڸս֮Уŵ֪ڴħɱ֮Уġ
λ˵꣬ڳϹŶ¶ɫ
ǺβھΣ
ԶŴս֮ǲףǵȡһУأ
ȴΪ˱Ľ磬ħڴɱչ֮䣬һ񼣻𣬰Щվ۷Ĳ
ףҵﰡ־׷׵ͷ
λǰ
Ҷ˳ԶŴսһЩȥҲܴĴҲһŭʱȷʵ̫ˡ
һжѹȥ
Ҷˣٴͷŵ־ȥľǹȥڤعսڱѹȻ޷ֲĺڴŬŽǿ࿴δȹⳡƽ٣
ͰڴħɱĴ־ô˽⻯Ϊħ֣
ҶҲҪʼжˣ߶ͨԼԪ䣬ںϣµķͨ
ʱ䣬һââǰȻâȱڡ
ڤӷ־
ŻȱڣǼ˴˫ͷħ֣̰˺ҧݣô̵ıݣôһڽһڣһһ飬Ϊʳ
֮Уʿʼȱ֮ɣ·첻֮󣬶ҪΪƬԼճΪһ֡
գͷһҲİʮ˲֮磬ŵģǴ磬ôȵĽ֮Ĵ档

һת־֮УͻȻϰħ֡
ʮ뵶ūɱУһֳħħֵԴҲħֵѪ⡣
ƾ޵Уħ̫࣬Ҳҧ¾˵ѪȥԹѵڣ𽥴ơ
ǾԶŴս֮Уһ־뿪죬ͶĴս֮УڳǿߣȻ֮жֲ
ãϳ˺꣬ԦʮͷħҶɱһͷͷħں֮һھͰѴҧһſռ䣬ȥͰѴƬʡһڡ
ɳֵſռ䣬һֱûϣǿߣ뵽ħһҧڵʱգҲѵҧһҲͣȥѵʳԵһɶ
һĻͷᵽ˰Ŀ¡
ҶǱħɱһĻĻ̫ˣǿۼҶǹ׵ʵʵȻ޷նɱħ֣һδιħ־ʱʱ̿̿ɿռ䡣
ĿռˣĿҶħֿռͨӱҶȵǿ𺳡
밵սǹ֮ս
ûгҶնɱħ֣ħΪӵһĻ˻ġ۵ħֵֽһĻжǿٻ֮Уħһڽһɡ
ܿ컭֮УһĻ
һսʱ̣Ѫģ߶񼣶ħֵĶ֣ͬھԱķʽɱħ֡
һףһףȻַʽлĻеǿ߶Զԡ
֮еħ־ǿս޲ʤͷħ־񿹺⣬һ׶ˣɱħ֡
ˣ
־ͶӰʧĬˣ־·ҲĬˡ
û˵ڤһֱδع
ҶȱҪվᵽϾλǰĻ棬ʵʵˣҪߴҵǣսħֻ֣ǰһְˣʵδóҽӴһǿİħ֣ʵӿֲ㳲ĿǰֵסĽָƣȴ԰һ֪
벻־桭
ٳĬǿ밵ɱǿߣһġ
ҶֵҲԸѾ˲ԼҲһ̣ͻ䣬ͻŴһͬʧʱ䲻ˣԼķʽΪŵȡʱ䣬Ǳ뾡밵彻ֵ׼Ҫ޹ڵ֮УȻΪϣЩ׼䣬ֻҪȹⳡƽ٣ôµļԪὨ磡
ȫ֧磬ս忪սǲԴа
飡
оͷǿߣһͬ£ڤԸ
ս
βȥȡ磬磬磬ҲȵͬҲҪĽ
ڤȴնķܲս
ΪΣס
ҶͣϣͬڤһⳡƽٻӴ쿪ʼȻ硢ɽ硢磬ǵɱ죬ֵɱ磬Ҳֵһδսɱֹ죬񣬵Ҳش壬޷ֹ壬ɱʱͶսʱõʱǲһʼȫ밵忪ս뾡취һش壡
ΪѪ׳еľͷȲҪ֧Ԯ硣
ҶοѾȫĸңԪĻʱں·ֻصԶʱ
ԶǸʱ̫ڤ硣
ĵǸʱ̫ڤ֮֮֮ϹŶǺεȵ緢һŽһڷ硢ɽ硢֮УЩδ֪ʱգһĹ硣
ԴΪͥ˴ķôҪ
ѪڳŵԼʹʹأеʹΪŶս䣡ҶѪȵ˵
ڤҲֵɣǵҪһͬϣڵĿռ䣡
ǣǿ߶վ
ٿҶȵĿ⣬Ǽɵ𾴣һµףȴӵԶŴػ־ܿɹʵ־ſĽٴŽ


2527 
ףڿʼɣҶȵڤʩ
ڤףΪģĸ߿֮С
׼øʣȻΪ˶ܺƽ٣Ͳü򵥵󷨣ǵʵΪݣǰ޵ĵգϢڤҶӿ
ĹףȴδܵӰ죬ԼԦκϢ
ǵĺܵϾƽٵ˭Ҳ֪޷ԤʾҶȱʾͬ
ڤֿλϵ˵µıݺܲףҪȫԸԱʥڤΪģȵռݣ
ǣף񵱼ͽӡ޵Ϣӿǰ·ǿռ֮Уһܴʯеʡ
ڤҲһͬӡʣҶһԶǰ仯

һṦǰǹգһЩЩ֮շ·ΪһƬ硣
ԽԽˣʱ䲻ƣЩ֮УһźɫĿ
ʣ
ŵͨӵ£
ٶȣʮ̺Լ֮ǰųɳ硣
ڤȻҶȣף
ҶǰٴڤԱߣȻ˹ۣɹϢӿǵڵĿռ䡣
ʱ˿̣Ҷϵһںϵʣںһ
һǰûܣӦ˲串޵ĵռ䣬ȻʵǷʮٲڵ֮У
ʮ˲ں֮ռ䲻ǰȥʮ˲֮ĴУڵԨ
Ϣ̫ǿˣȥĻҲǶԿƽΨһʱȻʮٲڵҶȻܸӦںδ
ҶȶԣԿƽٵ̡
ߡԪʮ٣
Ԫܣ𽥱֪֮󣬾ͲܣʮȴһֱҶȵܣҲֻ֮ˣ֪ʮٵĴڣԸƽٵ

ǰʿռ䣬ںҶȵĹϢ֮󣬷·һҪܵѹƣâԽԽ
ˣʿڲᣬŵڤĴ£Щʿӵ粻ϵӿ
ǰ
һЩʿʼںϣеĺܿΪСʸоΪҺֻ̬Ҫ΢һ£Ǿںϡ
ںϣ໥գ
ಣ
ͻȻɳĸ߿գ·ʿռ䣬˫Ѹʹӡĵƿʼ٣ЩƲˣŵ־ÿһƶȵκη
ڷ£һЩƿʼʱա
еʿγһɴʣһƾǽЩ֮С
ԽԽ࣬ͷŵҲԽԽˣ֪ƴ֮ͨЩںһ
ЩƺᣬҪ·ôʿʵҷһҲ·ӵޱߵ
ǿǷͷŵϢΨһݵĴ
֮
ЩҲʼһһںڷͷŵ֮£ʱ˺ܴ飬ȥγ˴½Һܶʿϧֱһһ档
ᣡ
˫֮ͫȼĻ棬Ȼ·ʵĴ½ƿʼΪһɫ塣
ɹ֮Χʿʼһһںϡ
ͷ·ʡ
ڤʱ𽥷ȥҶҲ
Դ֮ģ
ڤɫǰ޵ĵ֮⣬Щâʼӿɫ֮ڡ
컯籾Դ
ҶһԿʼͷųʥ
ڤǵף˺ڰǵ־Ҷ磬ִ
ԵıԴԼıԴ֮ڤҶһͬӿ֮Уʱʲ㣬һεصںϡ
ʾ֮𣡡
Ҳڴʱˣɣ·˫֮ͫУ
ıݣݲ㿪ʼȼҲΪ˻档
ʼ٣һһ㣬ʿҲС
ҶȿڤȻȥҽȥڲռ䣡
Ҫڵռ䣬ҲֻȻҲӵ֧ϻǲҶȡ
ڵĺڰ֮ҲҪҶһ
뱾һƿعһƿغڰ
ಣ
ڲռ䣬ʱ˺ڰ֮У߿·ֻзͷŵ΢΢ͷŹߡ
״̬ıݣѾγ˿ռıݽ磬ڲռʲôûУֿռ䣬˾ͲˣڲʩչռͨڲĻķˣˣ
Ϊ
һһ硣
ҶҪǣڿ֮е硣
ʲôҲû룬оΧγɣͷ֮󣬸ӿԸӦɶ
һУ֮С
ڵʵѾﵽĽǿ˷ڤЩû˿ȼ磬Ƿâɡ
ͷ֮ҶȸоԼͻΪĳ
ȥȻûб仯͸ռÿһ䣬ãã
ռҪǳС׼Ҫͷ޽ҵռ䣡
ռں֮ҶȽ״֣Լεȵĳ̶ȣһ߳׼
޽ӵߣ
׼һΧյ磬޺ڰϢɫ䣺Ҫʲôǵ
֮Уڲ֮ҲͲˣ׼ԸҰģҪΪ֮Щ¡ữΪˮΪ粻ˣҲпܻ㡢ҡǬ𡭡Ҳᶼʧ
ôܣǿҲ񰡣ҵ̫ڤ죬ӵжٸ֣
ԶŴս108񼣣108񼣣һ붼밵ɱģٿжףصǴıѾ׻𣬴ܿʧ첻ˣҲûб
벻Ľ綼־أ׼˲Ȼ
硢ɽתҪʺ磬ʼɣ
ҶȲٶ˵ʲô
׼ӡһ̳Ϊ͸״̬Ӱͬϵ
޽ߡߡߣ
һʼʩչʼڰĿռͷš
׼оʧˣָо޴ڣ޽ߵ̫ˣȻ޷ӵǿĻʣںϡκε󷨡
׼Ϊһ֮ӵ׵ʵֲ̫ˣȥ˵ݣԱںϡ
ʿʼϣռ֮УϢ
ռݣ
ֹȥ˰꣡
ҶȵϢѾƬںϣӡ֮󣬴ռ֮гŤĿռ켣
Щ켣ƣ󷨣켣Ϊһһ㣬ռڲȷֳ㣬ִռ䣬ָĹ켣
ȥռ仯ΪԲΣÿһռֳ֮Ŀռ䣬Щռ俴ȥֻγɶɣ͸ޡ
ߡֻߣ
ҶԼϢʼ߶ߣԼʡ
µͨʱЩռռ֮гʣһɽʼ֡


2528 ˡǨƵ
ɽӿʼһ̣ϸ
磡
ͬ
ڸں֮£ռɽȻֽ˴½ÿһռ֮У½ڲ졣
󷨣ᣡ
Ϊε׼ͻȻһȣЩ͸Ķռ˴â⣬ǵĺڰ֮⣬֮⡣
׼޽ͷ֮ҶȵںϣڿԿơʩչҶȵĿֲʵ
ʱ˿̣ھͽԼƣʼҶռ󷨡
âӿ֣һռ䣬ܿܿռ磬Щռ䲻͸ģǳ󷨣Щ󷨲ʣǱݣֻڲռ󷨰ˡ
Щռڣÿһռ䶼ڵŸӾ޴Ĵ½ÿһռ䣬ҶȵӰӳ֡
֮֮ˮ֮ˮ֮ˮ
ߣ컯ɣǾʡ
Ҷж꣬ҲδﵽԲȲ࣬£ҶȵѾࡣ
ણણ
ˣ
һʱ֮УȻˣ
ɫһռ߿ս٣һӣӵ˺
һЩ½ʼľΪ綼Ҷȵ֮֮ˣںʱͻγ컯ܣЩϸꡢľ½Ϊﵽ˼£ﵽ˴Բγɵĵܡ
Ҳ˵
ֻһ־磬ص컯ȴ紴ǰ㣬Ľ硣
ҶȡڤĴ̫ԶˣҲֻȥǿ̫֮ڤˡ
ʮ˲̫ڤģ˺һ磬಻ף̫ڤˡ
֮жٵʱգǺڰģڹ֮֮󣬴ʱա
ҪĳԽԶŴ񣬻һ·ҪߣԶŴǴӻߵϹ߹ģǼ֤ŵ磬į磬˴С
׼һ磬ڸ߿֮ϣ·磬ԼҲòţΪҲһݹ͡
ܶռĽ绹Ǻܼ̣ڲռ䣬ҶڽĴ½ɭ֣֪Ҫɡ
׼ͷ޽ߣ
棡
ѾͷƣҲڼնĵʣڤƯڸ߿վһС
Ҫһռ磬Ϊ
ռ֮УҶȵҲΪʵ
ȻʼӡԱ֮ߵʼ
һṦһӰʹΧ֣ЩԷߵķʮÿһʵﵽһ׸߶ȡ
ҶȽЩһռǿʼƿռķ򣬿˷򣬽ǾͿԿƿռ
ȥ
ҶȻֹͣӡһڲռ䣬һռÿһռ֮жӵ޵Ĵ½зƷ㡣
׼︺ˡˣҶ׼
һᾡ׼ĮӦ
ಣ
գۼ䣬ҶȾͳڹ֮⡣
ʼֹͣӡҲ˿ǰһűݼ̡ͬһڵĹ硣
ڤҶǽͨɣͨ뷲ͨ뷲˿ֱӴͨð֮д󣡡
ȥɽ磬ʼ֣
ҷֹҶ磬ڤ񣬿ʼӡһͨͨ
磡
ǧĽ֮У˿硣
Ҳӵʱյ磬ӵеķˣ˭Ҳ
׶˿ռ䣬ûд½Ҳû磬ûгǳأֻзʿڰͨˣ󷨽ʹߵ֮С
ף
ҶȳλʹӭѾ󲿷ʱյķͨʣ»֮һķ˻ɢڲͬСʱ֮У
߸ˣҲڽͨͨȥɽ翴
ʹ߿е֪Ҷȷ࣬Ǩƣܰз˶뷲磬Ǳܵʵ
߶ǧͼҶƿնȥ
ɽ뷲֮䣬ڶԷˡ˵µ޽֮ء
˿̣Ҷ޽֮أ޽֮شڣӰ쵽½ٶȣ
˼һʩչǧͼһǳ֮⣬ɽ޽֮أȻȥϿա
ǧͼѾǳڿռⷽ棬ǵһ
ҶȲɽ֮Уͷ
Լһ󣬲Ӱ

ݼףЩҲϹŶɽĴڣȷ಻٣Ҳĩս
ڵ磬λʼжɣɽ˾ۼҶʹ´﷨ּ
һʹ̴Ҳ˷֮С
Ҷ鹫ӡɽ۵ͷǣȻʹһɽϡ
ݳȥ֮ҶȼᷨӡڵһɽҲһͨͨǧͼںϣɽ뷲硣
ȴһʱ䡣

һɽ߿գԼ˷˴â
ܿЩâˣֻʹ߼֣ƴƬâÿһƬâ֮УŴˡޣЩ˲ħаۼһ̫ˡ
ģξɽ磬뷲Ҫࡣ
½ͨ
ҶһλλʹָǽǹĴ֮ͨС
˶žŲɫϾǨƵִ£ǼԪ֮дδֹģҲ֪Ҫƽټɽںƽ֮лǲԸҲҪ뿪ɽ硣
ܿĸ߼ˣԶءءɽˣʹߴ֮ͨУͨͨ뷲硣
Ľ絮һǨƣ
ɽҲˣԽԽࡣ
Ҷ
ϤĴϢƿնֻ߾ǧ˽ٶǶڵǿߡ
Ҷʩǰǰأ
߾Ȱ˵ͥЩ˲뿪ɽ磬ڹͥش۵УȻǵˣ
ʥʥλĸأ
֣ȥֻͥͨش۵ˣˣһҲûУ
ˣʥԼѡڷ硢ɽǹעص㣬ҽͨ
Ҷ˵֮ǿʩ
Щ֪Ҷ˭ҶȵɽµĴ˵ͱ֪ٴμҶ޲
ʥѻУʵԼΪ֮ɣҶҲܲôࡣ
ãԾɽԽԽ࣬ɽҲǣֶȳҲһɽ硣
ħа̡壬Ҳ鹫ɽ۴£һɽ磬̫ˣ˳ϵӿһɽ磬Ȼ֮ͨС
ǧͼڴʱչֳܣٵؽ뷲硣
ף
ɽʹ߳ˣǧ֮࣬ڰź½֮󣬴Ӱ˷ۼ
Ҷȴ磺ͨǰ뷲˷ֿ˿Գܵɷ˳ܲˣκηˣ
¾ͷ󷨣뷲˷ֿ֮ͨУ
ʹߺܿ˷Ҷͬʹ߿ʼж
۶ȥɽǺ嫵˺˳ͷ
ܵҶҲ޷⣬ķˡնΪʳ
˭ϵ֮£


2529 µжԶս
ԽԽ࣬뷲˷ֿӪʹæµš
ͻͻͻ
ƺһɾͬһ
Ӧͨˣ
һҶȾͳڵ뷲֮УȻһڰͨôգ
ಣ
֮ͨг֣Ҷͷ־֮ͨںһ֮ųͨ޷֮С
ͨ׼ãھͿɽ׼ôҲͷ֮ͨС
Ҷһᣬ÷صϷд뷲ˣԿʼȥͨһ׼ǳֱ֣ӽ磡
˽ͨǵȥ
ף
ҶȻصգʹߵӰ׷׽ٶ
ͨһ׼ãռ֮Ҳǣˡ벻ͬ磬ʼж
֮Ҷһᣬʱһͨڣͨף⼸Щħֵ硣

һλλʹ߿ʼش췲󷨣һ֮ͨУٶȲܿ죬Ͼ˲ˣֻҪκײռ֮Щ˺顣
Զ˳Уͨ롣
Ҷ뿪磬һ
ͨϷͨΧвٵǿڴ
ϢͻȻ٣ƬҲڷı䣬ͨͨп飡ҶȽܵ
ҶҲͨӦΧ֮ʧȥƽ⣬ˡ˽̫࣬һӽ٣γɷͨɷ˲ͨ飬ʹߣ˶ɥ
Ҷ磬̼׼ͷŴ޽ߵʹϣŷ˽ϲռ䣬˽²ռ䡣
ռ֮Уӵдռ䣬ۡ

ʱҶڹռϷʹ߹ͬǽˡƽŽһռ֮С
һռ磬ҶȱʼͷΪĿռϡ
һ֮С
Ҷȵķֶͷλʹ֣ϵĵˣҪǳأȲҪ½
ǣףʹʼж
ռķҲ´ͬķˣ׷Ưһ½ϷǶԣǲš
ΪһжǺڰģһ뷲硢ɽһӵйҲпԺ
Ƿݵ벻˲仯ȥ
˿̣֮УһλλҶȵķˣзˡ˶֪Ǵʥ˭
ֻʹΪǽ𣬲֪֮ǹףΪڵ˹硣

ڤڤ֮УҶȵıȻۣ㿴˼һĻ
֮УȻȼգͬһ߿գ֮£
ɲʱЩ·ΪܵĴ
ʼͷһտĴ½ɽ֮Уһпʼʯʼ裬ľܿ͵˳ǳأǳ֮ҲʼγɽֵȻǷݡ
һĻе࣬ʲô
һб仯ںܶʱˣٿ½ʱһĳǳأֵݡͳͳУ롣
ʹͷ׽ٷּҿԽǳˣ
磬ˡ˿ʼǳ֮Уûͨˣʹ߻ͽǳء
ڹ翪ʼԵһеľ󣬶˽ǳغ󲻾ãԼֿʼһЩ󷨵ȵȡ
ˣҶҲһֱпռ䣬Žࣿ½ʮܿҲħ֣ǰڷ硢ɽˮݣǻΪˡ
ζ˷ڤȫݣռֲ˶ãˣҶȻ׼ԱߣԺŴһ밵Կɱ
ϧ̫Сˣ׼ҡҡͷ
ʱԽǿԽǿ󣬶ҲСҪʱʱ̿̿ſռ磬ˣ
Ҷȷɳռ䣬Ȼ·һƬ߿գԴ￴񹬡
һṦڤʹ񹬷ɳڸ߿Ӱ
Ҫ磿ڤѲ³Ҷȵ⣬ܿҶ뷨Ƶġ
ΧˣҶȵĿҲࣺҵȥվһڤⳡƽԤϣĽŽ׼޷ֵ壬ҲҪͶ뱣սȥ
ڤףιˣȻһŮӣҲи׵Ѫһ벽ҶԿµļԪ粻кڰ
˵仰Ҷȱ㰲ʧڵա
ڤ񷣬ͫһЦݡ
Ҷֱ̤磬硢ɽʹ߸𣬼ϵϣһҲõġ
ķ֮Ҳʼɶ𣿡
ոս磬׵־ܣںһ𣬸ӦأĽѾǰǰ̣ӵвԴ
һ˱ɣһ׹硣
ʵ˵Ǻ£編򡢷־ڴ֮£ûиı״̬£߼ֻƻ硣
յֶ죬ⲿɽͨڲﵽɽ۷壬ǳԽɽ磬Щ硢󷨱ţԲܴڡ
ͬıеĽ磬һи߼ӿ룬ƻ
ھ״̬Ȼûȥı㣬ڴ밵ɱ
ٴһ˴ռǰɼϹŶԼ񣬰廹δɱ
죬ġնֶڸ߿֮ϣԸħ֣Χʱûг֡
ĹʵҶ½׼Σ
Ҷȵ֮ѽռ䣬ڷ硢ɽʹڴҷţ©Щ갵һֱûдɱ룿
նҶǰЩһٶͷħһӭͷʹʰһЩ©ļһֵܣǾţЩϹŶǰȱڷսǲȥæ𣿡
ҲøȥæҲͬն顣
λ磬ǻǰϹŶ˼ֹô밵˭Ҳ֪ʱɱǵ͹ǰߣ·ԼĽ磡
ǵ͹㣡
ն뽣ٴ̡
𣡡
Ҷͷųȥҷ߿֮ϣһףǴ
Ҷ𣿡ɻʵ
ġն졢Ҳ档
֪ԶսɣҶؿҡ
Ȼ֪˵ͷ
Զս֮Удаꡢ飬ԼҴЩΪܣ赲壬Щɲ򵥣֮ວţǶԶŴսսģԹֻܷӡǣǵֱʧڵøԴװѪ
Ӻð
ȥһˣǴߣܰæ
ã
˵ʹӦˡ


2530 
磡
Ҷƿն
ԶŴսͬʱգӴ졢硢ɽ磬ڲ綼ӡٵԶս
ˣ
Ҷͷųߡ޽־ٷǧ磬ĸӦʼޱ޼ʵ͸
Ҷ
õҶͷŴ
ΪӵߣǳҶȵģʱӦ־ںϴߵ֮󣬷ıԴ־Խ֮С
Լһ
ӦˣʮദԶŴսµʱգǧͼ󣡡Ӧ֮ǳâ˶ȥ
ǧͼڷ紩˾棬ҷ粢ûҶµĴ꣬ٶȴ
䣬˳һƬڰҳķա
ǰؿȥǵ磬ԹǴʱմݶ˾η
Ҷǰʱձһӡ
Ϊ֮ǰķߣףʵѾﵽ۷壬͸ӦԶս
ҶȸӦ֮УǰʱһǶڴ֮УڲϢ
̤һԶʱǰһΧԶ
ƺʧ˲٣аϢ͸ô£
ʧˣһЩаϢ֮ͷųڲСֵսüͷһ
ҶҲΧ󣺡Ӧĩսɱ밵кܴϵĽƽ⣬ƽһƣĽ֮ܵӰ죬Զ֮ںϣֲɣ֮ڻȥ
ЩԶŷӡʧȻԶսʼɢȻռа꣬ǧ磿
Һļʱʱսռɢ֮ǰڲһаϢգԶֻܰս֮еĲӡȴԽаӣã
Ҷܣ
ûеƨζ
ͷŴҳƿƬս磬ȰΪܣپ
ҶȿʼжˣӡһӡٴͷţսӦ
ȷһƬԶս
ӡľϾɣɱĵطȻսƬ統ȻҲΪ˷棬䡣
Ӧ֮УĳһƬǰþͼ˵ʬ壬Ȼǵʬ壬һЩˣǷ֮аС
ɵʬҲѸãΪ׹ǣ滹һЩȼյԪδϨʬ·˵ԶŴսһĻĻ
ö꣬ǧֻ֮࣬Ҷʼ֣
ҲڸӦ棬ݣҲ׵ؽԶսϸϸ
ҶȲ꣬ҲһЩϢ֮УӦʲôԺβһ硣
ҶȵĿֲ
ģǼԪԪɵа꣬ûңֻа㿪ʼе飬ǼͷԪ߶ȵаںϣƿܣ
Ū֮Ҷȱֿж
߶Լ־ںϽ֮УԪٴӭ
أ
ںϣ˲ͬ붯ڲеаꡢ꿪ʼӿѰϢ
֮
ҶƯڹսϿգϣаꡢ껹֪ô£ſռҶƶ
лָɷģɭɭҶȣʼаͨҶȲǰǸͨĽǿ
ռ佫ǰͳͳѹڿռ֮УаڷǱϾֻа꣬ʵ״̬ҶǰͬСӹҼҡ
ϲ໥ɣҾںһ𣡡
Ҷȶͷа꣬ǣͷԪͨʶƿԼ֮£Ȼ߶ͷаʶͷΧǧаꡣ
аа꣬ҶʱǸô
أ
аͷаɣǸͷԽԽԽԽˣƺʶͷųĻ˲ԽԪ飬⼸ͷа
ԪаɣΪаԪֲĹԪҲΪԶսĽء
Իʣ
ҶһһͻȻӿԻʳҶߡ
Իٲͨ飬ԣֻһǸĴڣһʿһǿ
Щ꣬ȽʱǣͳͳΪ
ԭҶд㣬ȥꡣ
аǿ󷨱˵֡
ˣЩ
ԻɲʱΪ̬ʮɾ޴󣬿ʼսռζаһھȥ
Ҳˣ
һ궼ʧˣֻʣͷߴ󡢿ֲа꣬ں޲ýҶȶᣬʱǷǳֲҶȶԣɲֵһᡣ
֮
ҶȻһץϹŶ䣬ֶ֮ľƯڰա
ǡϹŶ֮
սϿ֮⣬֮󾪲ѣϹŶ½޷󼰵Ĵڣ벻һϹŶȻҶơ

֮ڽ֮ǰ뵽н³ٸһӣҲұ
Ǳ֮Űף͵ϮȱڣĩսĿǰĽٲӡ
ף
֮ʶƣ㿴ɣĽ磬ΪǵıѶĽҲʧھͿʼɣסססʼסٳס̩׻׶Ϊǣⳡƽ֮ģ
Ҷӱ֮Ȼ֮ͬľͷһԪʶ˴ΪĽ䣬ھĻᣬ㻹лΪ
˵֮ҶϳѪ⡣
ѪǱ֮Ѫ⣬ӵǷߵѪ⡣
أ
ҶͷŽ֮аѪ⣬ǸܵϢǿԳǸ
컯֮ɣ
˴ʱҶƿܵķʽֶ
ǵͽаںϿ֮УʻѪ⣬аںϡޡᡣ
һˣа꿿ԼѪΪа壬ҲҲҶҪƳĳܡ
ڱ֮ѹ֮ҶһֱաᡢŷҲãΪҪǿֲ÷ںϣʱ
ԼʵѾ֮˱֮ûжЧ
벻ڣãǶԸħֵ
ˣʮֻа꣬Ҳգ
ԻʻˣΪѴﵽ߶ȵǿ
Ȼڣʱٰ
Ҷ̯֮󣬴Իʾͻ裬ġ
нҪҪȴԪǳԽԪĴڣΪǿĹ
Իôа꣬оͬػޱǿ󣬳ΪҶǿ֮һ


2531 
ʱԶսøž
аûˣоһĹ
أ
аԱ֮Ѫ֮УȻѪܿ쿪ʼ仯սƺʲôҪ泤
ۣ
Ȼ˲֮Ѫ⾹ȻΪ̥״ֻ̥ͬǣСһ˫ۣҲ۾ޱа˫ͫ
Ҷٴͷ컯֮߶̥ٶȡ
ͬʱΧսһа̥֮Уʶͬʱǿ
龻֣
ͷһ磬ѪӤУҪսʱգеԶаա
ôսʮԪжٵ
񼣡񼣡
ӵ񼣣񼣡񼣡񼣡
С磬ӵҶȿʼҪΪ񼣴Ҳ֮ǰս˲ٵ
ڴ߶֮ñ񼣵ػ֮߳ػߴ֮У׼ҶȾа
ˣ
龻ֿʼתԽԽ޴󣬹֮𽥽٣ܿʼռа
ʼͷŴԼʵʼѹӿϻ龻֡
ˣ
ȥ꣡
Ա߶ռ֮УȻλ꣬а˱֮Ѫ⣬Ϊķܡ
ȻôͳɳˣߵѪ⣬Ȼ˼飬ЩܣҲӵзߵԼǿԪ̫ˡ
Ҷȹ£ǵԪֻҶȵڣȻҶȾǵˡ
һᣬҴǷԼһЩʺǵͨҶȺԼĳɹȻһâԺ
ͬʱǴսа
ͬʱ龻֮У˴ս֮󣬾ĺƵʼӿҶȵţ֮վ񼣡񼣻ֵ״̬
Ȼôһսռ񼣻ָġ
龻תԽԽ죬սռ䣬һ޴У񼣡
Ҷҷõɢڷ֮УֻʧˣԻָ
ӰʱҶǰ
Ҷһû뵽㣺ҪʱЩռǻָսʲô㶼ͳͳռ
ˣ
̿ʼ֣ץǰӿգץһųԶЩȻƷʲǺܾˣԶŷƷҪģô꣬Ҳʮǿ
һжռߵҪЩָⲢֻҪһЩʱˡ
ҶٿܣǸӳ죬ʵѾﵽ˻Ԫ߶ȣ̰Լкܶսʵػﵽ׳̶ȣʱ峢ͷ
ȥ
ֶΧѾʧҶ⴦Զսһжʧˣ
Ҷ̧ͷһϿղǻҰɫǹϢϵؽ٣ΧҲûаϢԶʬ壬ǿɼ
ӿ龻־ٶȣ֮ΧûκεаϢָʱ״̬
һԶս
ڣҶͷŴǧͼʧȥ
Լ
ҶڵڶԶսʱգϤĺڰϤаϢڲͷս
ɴҶʼͷŸʣΧʱգ
ˣ
֪Ҫս֮ʣȴڲһ
Ҷȶüͷڲͬں֮С
Ҳ˵˿ƣǡڣ
ӣҶˡܰսռӡô꣬·ӡ־˻ںϡ
⴦ԶսЩܡȳ׸Ӧһ˵
ҶȻؼо󷨿ʼǰӦͻȻ䣬һ˫ûĿ˫ͫȻڲս硣
˭
һ˫ͫͻȻ֣ҶȾﲻѡ
˭
һɣشս֣벻֮УǿԶŴսԺٸԪжٵ󾭹ȴûзκ쳣벻
˭һ
ǸΪ⣺ԭף׵ϰ겻ˣ
֮ܿˣȻҲݺĴڡҶһۣ˵ĪǡĪǴԶսҴľͷ
ףһӾͲ³ҵݣ
ֱӾͳˣĮ֪ҶףĮȻҲ֪λк£ѾΪҵĵںϳɱλ׼£
ǰͨܰôһԶսΪʱҶһ󺧣ǰλȻǾǿߡ
ⲻ£ԪҲģӦλȥɣֻԶ˯ȥ
ǰ
Ҷȱȭʾ𾴣ǰԸˣˣǰҲᱻţҲʧ
ͻȻЦݣףδﵽ۷壬һո̤ԪԪ죬һԪ춼δ̤룬ԶŴ̫ˣ
Ȼ
ƳһҶȣ˼ܼ򵥣ϹŶǴͷʵ쳣ǿ
ǰ˼ˣĿˣҲǲ֪ô֮ˣǰȻԶŴսľͷѵףΪ𣿡
ֻ½սʱգǽʱǲǣ
һ˼һ֡Ϊ˰壡
壿
Ҷ˵꣬˵·˲Ŵ
ҶȻˣ˲һľͷڴ죬ԶŴħɱĴڣͬ½ͽ𡢾ħϹŶ
˳Ĭһᣬ塭˫ͷħ֣ᵽǺ˼ԶŴսħɱ죬Ȼɱ磬ȴոصĴۣնɱҲ·ӡȱڣ
ǰѾٴδȱڣɱ죡
ôܣͻȻһϡ
ȱڱ幥ƣŴռʧ졭ѾʵԶս׼ڴذ壡
üλԶŴ񣬿Žȱȫסôܴƣ
˵ǰԸػһһǰ
ಣ
ͻȻ䣡
ǰǾ޴ԶսƮ󣬾գ۾ʱʧˡ
ʧһ㣬һâ֮УһλˣģҲΪΧаԵʡ
ȴҶ𿿽ΧаʧˣƯǰ
һλӣ
һλȥֻвʮӡ
Ϣǡ
ӳ֣һ
˲䣬ҶȻҪӦԷϢ֪Էֻ˲䣬¶˲˼ı顣
ѵһˣôͿݣӷ·һֱע˵ɫ仯Ҷ鸡ץס
ˣɫ·֪Ҷʲô


2532 񼣵ػߣ
ǰݡ
ҶȺסͫ˸ž
ҶôˣټҶȳɫʼ²ǰӵǵˣѡ
ǵˣս̾Ҫ
ǰϢΪδӴ
ҶȱȭͶ𾴡
ɫַ˱仯˿ҶɫԷǵˡ
Ҷֵ˳Ϊ½ףͻõ־ںϣ־뷨֮УӵԶϢ
ӸֶԵù°֪ݣ
һҶȲδֱӻش𣬶ǿ΢΢ף˵˵ķ֣
ӣҵĸӦλǰһ֡һϤϢʹڷ硢ɽ硢硢֮УƮĺܣ·𡭡·һϢںϵζһ㵹ҵĳһ˵һЩƣ

ҶȺɴⷬߵܷЩȻʵġ
Ŷ
Ӵ𣬷·Ĵνס
Լ㣬Ӿȵ񼣣ں񼣣
𣿡Ҷͬʱһ
ף
ͻȻ䣬Ҷı񼣣˳֪֮˭
Ŷ
ҶȺһ
֮Цˡ벻ţˣǹ񼣵ػߣ棡
񼣵ػߣ
Ȼ䣬ҶȸоУһҲɳ֮Զ񼣵ػߡ
ֻҶ벻ǰӣһϢûеӣȻǹ񼣵ػߡ
棡
񼣣ǿǽڹ񼣡񼣵Ĵڣؼ䣬ǿļ֮һ
ؼǹͻˡ
ž𺳣񼣻ˣճ˵񼣵ػҲ䣬Ҷȵ֪Էݣ顣
ǳ֮ڿƱ񼣣ܸӦΧϢҶҲ޷֪Էݡ
Ҷȭһͬǰ
׾ףҵݡ
桯΢΢һЦػߣǵİɣףʶңҵϢѾ񼣻𣬶ʧ
ȷػ߸ģ
벻˵֮еĹ񼣣ػ߻ܻҶļ֮УֻһޱǿǰʵһᣬҲܿǰݣֻǡػʧȥ񼣻ܴѾ³ǰݣ񼣣ǿκϢںϣκ黯ΪʵϣʵĲ񼣣Ĺ̫֮֮ڤ֮׵ȾͷһǿĴڣ
ںһ񼣣
ضҶȴ񼣱ǸӦˣϵϢֺܹܹ֣źڰһϢδƺ񼣵Ϣ׵־
͵ǰҶͨ󣬲ܣֻܴﵽָ߶ȣҶԼŬﵽ֮Ҳһֱʩչ񼣵һ·ǿʵ֮䣡
澪㵳ֲ̾ãԭ㾳ôͨʵȴ޷͸㾿ںһ񼣣Ϊڣ񼣵Ϣ
һ񼣣
ԻشڵҶӵ񼣣񼣡񼣣Բûش
ǻһץǰʱΪâ
ǡܰ
ŵ˺󼸲âʶǹ񼣵ػߣ֪ܲâԹâʮ˽⡣
񼣣þ֮󣬾ͫʪܣ֮ˡʱ־ϢʧˣҲʧȥ䣬Ӧǻˣ
ǰûлֻܵشһֱҷӡڷ֮Уõ֮ǰľ䣬ҵõĴУѾڴ˾£޲˹񼣣
˵꣬ҶȻ֡
ˣ
һɳǰս
ս֣һս㼤ش˹
ֵܣҲţ
սҲӭȥǾʧɢֵܣͱһʹޡ
Ҷ벻񼣵ػߡһĻҲ̾ѡ
ʿ̫ˣǴ°Ϊػߣǰ̫ǿˣֶһҶҲ¶Цݡ
״ˣ
ŰսҶǰʩ
սѾ٣Ҷȵ飬ҲҲ֪Ҷߡ
Ҷȷ棬Ȼ뵽һ⣺ǰĪǹҲڣ
ѾˣʼΧɱҪ߶޲ȱڣķ֮£ղǰֵĶ֡ˣһͬˣ£ôʹࣺҲҪȥģżƬ׹ƬıҴһЩƬںϣҲָȻΪ˵һӶ˯ȥϾѣѲˣ
ԭƬںϡ
Ҷˡ
ҶȱȭǰѾʧȥã񡢺Ԫ̫ۡϹŶȱ֮¶Ը壬Ҫʱ򣡡
ģȥ죬ԷԪ֮Уûµǿߴ
ԣټǿߣ
ᵽȥǿߣ󲻾ãһˣ֮ĴӣŰ֪𣿡
֮Ĵӣ
ս˼Ƭ̣ͷƺģ
նĵģԶŴս꣬ͻȻ磬պҵӦ˵֮ĴӣΪ񼣵ĴߣϧҪȥѰ񼣵Ƭ㽫޲񼣣ȥԪȴһֱûлţʵѾﵽϹŶĸ߶ȣ
ģ
Ҷȼ֮ģҲǽι񼣵Ĵڣ֮ǡߡܱеĵӣǾ
Ļţ֮УֶһλϹŶĴڡ
ֻϧôԪȥҲûص磬ǲ᲻ģѾޱߵ֮С
ԶŴսжٵʣ׹䵽˵еͨռѺۣġ
ֲ̫ˣÿ˶ܴ
λףһᾡϵܲйȥȸǣټ
ʱҶ밽սɽ硣
̾Ŀ;ȥҶϹŶʵǿѾƬںϣӲȣѴﵽ񼣼𣡡
ϣľǿߣֻǹ񼣻ˣڵĻֻᵮһǿף
в㰡
ս֮Ҷִ߶ǧͼԶ
ɽ磡
編־Ȼʧ
Ѿ˾ɽϷվ޽֮أأ¡
ӵ㣺ô˺ķ棬ɽǣ
ɻֱӶ㡣
Ϣķأ滯Ϊ͸âɳʱ׹䣬ЩƬ
Ĵ죬һģһǷ׹䣡
λ˵һҲûô׹䣬ֻһֿܣ飬ӶӰ쵽ķʧȥƽ⣡
أŵ̾ĪǾԤԵ𣿾ԶŴսҲδ״


2533 붾ĸ
ԶŴսľ棬ͻȻԪĩڣ׹Ƭʣоĩ
ռ䣬񣬵죬ּϣնɱħ֡

𺳵עһĻԶŴսΪоɱ벻ͬսħɱֹħƻ죬ž˶ٵ񡭡žڵʱȫûȻлŵľ̫ˣ
ಣ
о˼ʮλףԸħ㹻ˣֱȱڷȥ
һȥ㺧Ȼ񷣬ȱһޱȴĺڶѾʧʣٵرɡ

֮ʣ֪ͷħͻȻٿնʮ˵ڱħ׷ɱ
ӹħֵ׷ɱٶȻǿռħֶԽࡣ
һĻײƿʧٴγʱħֺ󷽣ͻȻһץ֮磬־棡
ˣ
ͷħͻȻײʲô̵ϣȻС
ǰʮλʱߺǵþˣ
λϱնɱͷħ˵ɱǣ緢淢һٴνӡɫӡһزסͷħ֡
ħֿʼɽɫӡǿɡ
ಣ
ʮλھָӡ£ռΧһӲץһкզȥ
򣡡
˿˫һϣͻȻͷųεĽɫâɫâѹͷħֿռ䣬ɣȴ޼£Χһ󹥻ЩͷŲپ޶㣬Ͼѹħ֡

ּǽɫâȻƴػһʳĹС
֮нһɱ¾Ϣġ֡
ںħڵĹâռ䣬ɲǼ˺¡ը֮ûͷħ֣ΧռҲһ顣
ħֵѪڱը֮ڷɣǱըɣռƬһһ顣
Χǰʩ񣺡ݼǰ
һɨˣǵϢ֮һɱȼնף֮еʿ
ǣǶĸµǿߣ
Ҽǵ񼣵ס
ǰԶŴս֮䣬ĶĸԶŴս֮󣬳Ϊ֮
óǰλһϹŶ
ʵǶĸΣ
һսʧذĸ״ʮͷħɱòװħ֣˲ħ֣Ƕֵܱɱһգֻʣ¼ɢĸ׸ħΧɱ֮УǸ
һλ߲˵
һͻȻףǵĳ֣״־汾ȥԮĸףȥȥħɱջǻΪǵʳȻͷһǻȫһԼˣȴҲܶɱһͷħ֣
֧Ԯףʮѵ
ߣ
ǰ
ǰȼգǶĸħɱս
ſռ䴫ӰǿƿնոͼǰǸ߿֮Уʮͷħһ£һŶâϹӶâ֮УʱʱֶָӡĶҽ
֮лһ޵Ķâ
˫üһǿߣֲס񼣣־ڣ׿ôԸħ֣ڴʧʧȥƿƣԸħ־ϼѣ
һλ󿴵ĴĿģ湪ǰղѾɱ˹ħ֣Ǻħֳ֣ɱǴֲҳˣҲӲ
²˳٣һʩչħעΪ׼ѹȥԸǿߣնɱħ֣
Լ뷨߸ǿǣҷ
ʱѾʧգʩչԹ֮ͨΪȻ֮һ֡

ùһ󱬷һϯͷħ֡
һЩȥǣ
ͷħſɷĽ󣬵ȷѽڿռֱҧ飬ʧȥƿ׷ʧ
ħֲ̫ˣû׼ľͷڣԵֵħ֣һǴħ֡

Ǻǵ⣬ʣ°ͷħ֣ΧٿգȻд綾Һħ֣ħͨЩҺƿƺҲɶҺ

һƱӡ֮ȻӺϷȻ¡
ȣ
ˣϳ֮ٶȿ棬һƺú·˺飬Ѫּӡѹ
о׼˫ĳѪڣҲһſ죬ӡֲ
ȣ
½ӡͣϷϱߡ
ָ
ȻϯϹŶԹ񼣵ػߣѺ˺һӣգ۳ںǰһİԵָ
ָֻһԺ˵ǰָ·ʩչͨںһ

ͻȻͣ죬Ϊһͷ޴ħ֡
ۣ
ٶȻ̫ˡ
һһ֮ϣһѪʼըÿһѪȻǺܴ󣬵ȴΪըһѪڡ
ûһ񼣡
ǣ
â֮еĶĸɫ԰׵ظֶâ磬ӷľ档
ڶĸԱ߳һλۣƤɫģˣǡȻǹ񼣵ػߣ棡
棿ҵȻ˵񼣲Ź֮𣿡ĸִ󺧡
ֵǲ񼣵Ĵڣ֮࣬ܵĴڣҪþ£ˣ̫ˣоæαܻΪģնɱȺ
ܿ쿿յĸף¹ػ߾棬ڷ֪Ľƣشһ
ԭǹף
ĸﲻΪϹŶ˽ĸ֣ŷĵؽӡǰǶâһͨ
ٿ񼣣ԭһɫɽɽ֮гľ綾ֲ
ĸﻶӭ񼣣ǰǼʱ
ףȻǸ֮Ҳػ߰ˣûҪ˼⣬ҲΪ׵ģҲϹŶˣ
ǺãնɱЩħ֣ĸﵱͷơ
ϹŶʼϣ񼣿ʼΧȼ
𲻻Źǣǵȥģںϣ
ʱǱΪľ޴ħ֣ͻȻ죬֮Уһͷħ֡
ħҲٿնȥȻҪħںϡ
һĻҲ޷赲һ˲ܶԸħּϰͷħ֣ǿߣǿɱǵͼħ֣Ȼںһʵֲ񣬾ħɱ
о飬Ӧӣĸʵ
취ֻʵնɱҺͷǰ֮ΪֲĻʼǿߣǻʼǿߣҸǶ֣
˵꣬붾ĸһͬͷǿͨ
׼ħֽ֡
ңԶһʱա
ҲһӡԶս
Ҷոո㶨һսһսҲò˶ãܳѹ
ҶȴΧִǳ


2534 Իɱ
ҶƬսӦһ֮ҶͷһƬâɳʮܡ
а
´ʮǰԶս
ͷŴȥԶŷӡϷʵ
սռڲ
Ҷȳ֮ͷųϢ
أ
ɲǼ䣬аսˣ˷ǣԽԽ࣬һЩǿаһҶȵλá
ҶץһЩԱ֮Ѫ⣬ȻͷǿаץסѪںϣͷųԻʣѰа顣
һսռ䣬ٶȾ͸ˣ
ҪǴҶȵʵһսʵһЩνɣ½սҲˡ
ռ˲ٱеĻʮЩҪϣػӭͷʹ
ͨ壬ȥͨ
Ҷ뵽뷲Ǩһͨ塣
ͨƿնȥ
һ󣬴Իʾͻˡ
ȥ񼣣
һͨ˹֮С
ԻʽҶ壬ںζʱҲ֮С
ˣͨ壬Իʩ
ͨԶսѾѹò࣬ھа飬̫࣬ںҲ
ǣ
ԻΪ壬108ƯΪĴڣԻʳΪһµ108֮ϡ
ÿһн͸ŷâɵƣ巽棬Ѿþ֮࣬нռƣ巽Ѿþ֮ҲԽ󲿷ֵķ
ͷа飡ͨһ龻֣Իʡ

Իһ磬ٷ̬ˣеǹꪣԼ̬飬ٶࡣ
а֮󣬶ֶ࣬ʼѰѰ壬ǹ񼣣ͨǿĴڣǷ
һ龻ֳڴԻϷصĹ٣ײеовʼӴܡ

ʲôûеİգǸոշɳͱ֮˻һνһΣ޷ӹнϿտռ䡣
Իʣʶںȥ
龻ֻתЩ鿪ʼʵڹ񼣿ռ䣬ǻ˷˲ɣ
ͬʱϷԻʣΪӰ٣Щ顣
ϵаϢ׷ױ龻ʧȥаʶʵ·𶼳˯ѡ
ԻʵӰʼںϣڻ龻֮£Ѿ޷װ׿ŴԻںϡ
һֲͬ飬Իɡ
֮ĴԻʻӰʼ֮УͨҲͷŻ龻ְԻںϴ
ԻЩ飬ʵֻ
ս֮УҶӹ֮ϸЦݡ
ʱǰǾ޴Ļ龻֣Ͻսռͬʱӿ뱱֮С
Ѿָ̬Ҫٰɽ硢սգ񼣽ᴢ޷ŵ
ʱǰռ䣬µķڿٳɳ֮С
֮
ᣡ
ͷŹģҶȽġ
ҶǲŵõʮܡҶߣԵЩͷɥ
սɽ硢磬ԶŴսս֮أ֮Уÿһս֪жԶǿľͷ䣬дĻԪа꣬ҹšܵõǧǿķܣ
Ը壬Щ׽⣡
ʱ룬ܲܰѷںϸʹսֱӿ밵Կ
ĵģ޵
ǧܣӵ˷ϻԪ伶ԪΪܣʵҲڻԪ߶ȣմﵽԪ伫¡
ڰǰֻҪ֮κλԪǿߣ𲻵ٵвǿߣʣĻ԰ơ
Ȼں˱֮ѪȴҲﲻֱвħֵĸ߶ȣ취ͻ˵Щ𲻵Ҫԡ
ɽ磡
һɽʱգûжˣ
Ҷһɽ硣
ͷŸӦ֮Ӧ󲿷ɽٿգȻҲ΢΢׹ɽ編Ҳʼɶ𣿰嶼δɱ磬벻ĽѾܵӰ죡
ҲĽһֻ֣߲㣬ӵжһ飬ĽͻܵӰ죬Ļɽɣƽٵףʹ߽
ϣԶһЩˣȻɱɽ˭Եֵ
ֻϣȱµϹŶܾΪĽȡʱ䣡
ҶͷŸӦںƿ־ԼǰɽյɵԴɽ粻ͬʱɢȥ
ʮ꣬Ҷȵ־ӦŻع顣
ʵɽԶսӦ𣿡
һʮദսռ䣬οûǧʱ䣬ܽսҶվΧռʱΪǳâһƬռ˲ʧ
գۼ䣬Ҷ߳ǹ֮УǰϤĺڰаռ䡣
Ӧһ᣺⴦ԶսȻвǿа꣬Ҷӵеķ־ҲԽһЩδõʬǣΪ
ҪɳǿҪڵԴԴϵĺڰ

ȷǺð취ȴҶȷˣȻ׵죬Ҫʱɳ
Ҫʱ뾫
ವһ£սʱ֮ϣ֮£սϷӡֳԱȷսӡǿҲжܶ󷨡
Ҷսռ֮УƿͷŶսռ𽥱Ӧÿһ䶼
Ϣ
Ӧ֮УȳһϤϢ
ϢҶüͷշȥ
սķ֮УҶͣ·żλİ׹ǣ֮ǿаС
ȻаģЩ֮У͸ŹϢţ⼸ǿӦԹš
żǺҶвζõĹǿߣԶŴս֮С
ֿһٴһǰȻһһֻķˣΪΨһķ羰
ǿ𣿡
ģΪڷ֮Уһߺǣ޴ĺǣԿ޷˵ʬ塣
ǿߣ
ֲֳҶϤϢϧǿҲ˴󲿷֣ҶҲֻӴѪٲֵķǿߡ
ͷϢΧķգӿаꡣ
Ща֮УҲзǿߵԪҲйǿߵĲл꣬ǶûˡаɣǵʶѾʧ
ǿаҲһȻɺڰҲûжʶ
Ԫаʮͷµаʮͷ̫ˣοԵ켸ʮܣ
ӦһᣬͨͷųаȻͷһѪ⣬ЩԱ֮Ѫ⡣
ˣ
һǿĽҶڳ
Իʣ
ʱĴԻƱ֮ǰǿ˽һ̫ˣʵѾϹŶˡ
⻹ֻǿʼɸа飬ʱȻᳬκηΪĽһ
ԻݺһʱΪ108νսΡ
ƺѾһɱΪζ


2535 İ
磡
Ҷȵͨ壬ʮʹߴ£һ󣬰Ľ֮ͨС
ÿһ֮УԼʮҵˣǷˣ̫ˡ
ͨ˽֮󣬴֮УӦ˲ϤϢħа̵ĸ֡
ͨͣһʱ䣬Ȼʧڷ硣

벻ٵǿߣƯڹΧǰͨˡ½硣
һλǿĵĵʥڤˣȥǵ򣬻᲻ܲɣ
Ļش𣺡ҪŴ׵ʵǵֻܵĿƣǲõģ֪㣬ǲҵݡӰģ
ǿһ㰲ˣЩڵġ
ʵҲ˼
ʱ򣬵󲿷˻ûԼʶƽٴĻڵԵƻ
浽˱Ժƽٵʱ򣬵ŻҪԡ
һ·硣
ֱӷɳ˵磬Ĵ²Ԩ硣
֮Ԩ½֮Уʮͷ貵â·粻ˣʮԶڡ
ôп
һʮ֮С
Ĭһ᣺ĵ̣仯ϢҲӦ˰ɣðɱ𣿡
Ҳ޷϶ǴӦʧȥ˴󲿷ַĽķ־ڿʼɢȥһɱҲ޷ֵģ
뱾Ҫȹⳡƽ٣
Ҿûֹǣ
뱾뾡취Ը壬ʱʮ˲Ŀռ䣬ܵһЩӰ죬Ҫڰػõʱʧȥ´ƿնȥ
ıҪҲܻ
ڷʧ¶ĵЦݡ
񹬣
֮УʱϹŶڤζԸ塣
ЧҪ򵥿ȥ԰壬Ǳˮн
Աţһֱһԡ
廹֪ʲôʱɱЩǿ߲δԵжż
󣬷ڤ
ղȥҹƻ֮У֮ܵӰ죡
㱾Ϣڤ÷£ʱˮ
ͨ磬ڱжһԶսռ׼ֹ壬Ҳ˵ˣɽҲ˷׹龰ƶϡ´첻֮󣬽᳹ʧȥãʱ㰵岻磬Ҳܵƻ
ʧʲôȥֵ壿Ҳ޷Կδ֪ƽ٣
ҲǱĵģķĽʵѾӭƽ٣ưɱĿԺܴ󣬺ܴ󣡡
ʱӽȣʱ仹㣬ЩûΣʶǰɱſڣǲŻż
ڤԵúܵģΪĴףĵӣһġ
뱾ᵽԻߣȻҶһֱû͸¶Щ뷨ڤ֪Щ
죡
ȱڣ
񡢺Ԫ̫ۡۡϹŶǿߣһֱȱ֮µȴš
ǵ꣬һֱûмд
ʱΪȱڳΪһӣʧȥڷɿطȱ֮⡣
զٶʧš
ȱ֮⣡
侲֮УȻвħȱΧƻݣҲԺܿٶʧΪħֵʳ
ಣ
һڶͻȻٶ
λˣ
Χʮͷħ֣ǳ֮һһΪꡣ
ϷǺڶ֮УӰ
λˣķ٣Ͳ࣬ʮʮ֮䣬Ϣ壬·ʮλꡣ
λˣ
һһ¡
һλĮȻʵɱһʱˣ໹ڵֿ
һŵüæش𣺡ˣЩǿ֮вǿߣǧϵɱ죬ʧ˴󲿷֣ҺôѾҪʧǲ죬Ҳһʱ𣡡
һλĿȱ·Щ˺Ϥ
ҲλҲˣмԣǵˣ񡢺Ԫ̫ۡˣ֮赲ǣ󲿷ͷնɱͻ⼸˰ˣ
֮ǰҴкȻ֮֮֮Զžͷնɱеδй񼣳˴ˣҪһҪɱǸ࣡
ΪΣĹ֮񶼱ֲڽ£һ߻÷ں
˵಻򵥣ں˴Ԫ󲿷Ƭ
ںϴԪ
ͬʱһϳ֮ɫ
ǰʮλĸ𺳲ѡ
ԪϼһģǲƺŽ顭ؼԪδںϹ˵ֵĵĲ޵
ĸĽʱǸ𣬿Ժص㣬Ҫɱ˵õ񼣴еǸ࣡
ƺСҶȣ
Ҷȣ
סӡԺ֮С
ˣ׼ڲ֮󣬴ʽɱ֮УǾѴݻڴ֮ʧȥƣ޷Ҵʮ
ǣ
깪ش
ڶ֮С
ŵմһṦǰڳ˯˫ͷħ֡
ж٣
ͷ֮֮࣬У³յ
޷侲գȴɵĺһδյϷγһƬС
һԴԽ޴ĺڶ
ǻˣ
һӰϢˣȻġ
٣
ǵҶʶķ٣ֻڵ֮ͫû飬ͫһն䡣
֣
ҲǻʼڣڷǰƺλǵһЩʩ֮һ˵˽Ĳˣֻȥһˣ붼ϣͳ˧Ҳһ֣
Ӧʧȥˣٵʵ
һ˻ش𣺡ȱѾûκԼϱɣʵ
ǿأʵ
һЩϤף񡢺Ԫ̫ۡ۵ˣȻɴʧȥ˷ûƣȥûԶŴսǰԶԸ
ʧȥûƣʧȥ˱ףֻҪ׼ãɱ룬һ࣬ɱ֮Уʱдʡǵʳã
֣ĸʻδȷʱ𣿡
⣬ٳĬһŻش𣺡ĸƸոջָ񻹳鲻ҲҪϢһôٶһЩʱǿɱУ
ʵ˺ʱһɱ죡
ͻȻͷһŭ⣺ھͿˣ׼֮󣬾һɱ죬סһҪɱںϹ񼣵Ǹ࣬Ҷȣ
ҶȡǼסˣҲ¶ɱ¾֮⡣
ĪҪ⣬ȥ׼ã
ʧȥ
Ŀͷȥʼͷֵƺǰԡ


2536 ٻҶ
һϹŶȱڵȴŰһֹƣҲ֪ʱɱ
еʱգɱδֹͣ
ȱ·ңԶһս
һͷͷħִĿռ֮С
Сģħˣ
񼣹âƯ֮У񼣺ǧǿߡ
ֻٻƯһ֮Уһһ͵ľɽ
ɽ񼣣Ҷâ
ٻڵ֮У·о̳͸һǿ֮
񼣣
ľƿصĲ񼣡
ҶԦɽ񼣣͸žɽ᲻ƣصشٻ󲿷׶Ϸռ׼ｫǴڶսǵðʮͷħնɱȥһϣ
ɱЩħҲ٣
ٻѾڴ߷ڷ·һսѪںϡ
ˣ
·Ŵ̳֮Уһλ׷ԲԵˡ
˿̬ӣҲ֪˺ε
񹦵׶ΣɹߣȥһΪѪߣܲһ֮˹׻Ḩͻһ㣡
ʱûκ˼ϣɱħ˵ʦҼʧ
ٻâʼۣǴѪ֮гףϷ;ŲѪɫƣټٻͷŵѪ֮УȫһѪȼա

ħʱˣһʮͷħ֣лһ꣬ںͷħ֣ʵ̫ǿˡ
Ըͷħ֣߶֮Ұɽ׶Ըħ֣
ħ˳
ٻͻȻ˽һವһ·ɳ˾񼣡
ٻͷħֻԸ
ٻ뿪񼣣Ҷżˣٻٻ߾ǲһζطǺꡣ

ûа취Ҷ֪ٻǵõҶȵĴˣƢһõ£ζҪȥ
Ҷ񼣵һʱΧռγƷʮͷħɱӡȴҶ֮һͷħֲסɽ񼣣ȴħֵ
ա
Ԧͷħ֣׵ٻ䳰ףһոճΪ׵Ĵڣ赲𣿡
ٻȻɲҪУ֮ǰҿնɱһ𼶸֣˵һŵͷģ
ҸӲ㣡
ಣ
ħַ˹
ͷħ־ޣź£ԦڶӺڶ֮УħֵԴѸٻҧ
Ѫ
ֻһٻµѪâơ
Ĳӡֱۡ϶һصĽɫѪƣ˾Ŵҧֱȭͷһͷͷħ潻档
벻Žףʵ
ħֺܾ㵣ſһ磬ͷħٻɱʱ³˺ɫȻû¶ȣΪһ֮ץס֮һٻٶ
û˵ħֿͷͨ
ٻ󾪣Ϊͷħֲס鲻ǻ֮ο⣿
ʱϵľսףӺ̳һѪâ

סˣ֮ڷϣȴûн顣
ٻң
ֻħһֻ֣ץһµĻ֮
֮
ڶɲӲȥֿٻ˫һƬѩâΪĵĿռ䣬·һʧȥģһ𣬾ͰħֺԶ

ݲħɵͬʱſһ
ٻһƬռ䣬˹ȥ
ӡ
üͷƺжԵеľ飬һץһѪɫǿƴռץץ˴գȻָڿռ֮С
ಣ
Ŵץڴռ䣬˳һ˾Ѫɫ֮ռ˳ȥռΪһݣħ
ӣǺǣ
ħֿɲżڶֽˣβǴ϶£ֱ֣ħִзɳͷħִһռƬ
ǹ
һѪ֮ǹâ
ٻ˫ֳѪ쳤ǹ֮Ƭһǹһǹ̳˫ֲϸı乥ƣһռƬݺݻ顣
ҪԵ֮ߵħ֡
ħŴ첻ռƬͬʱԼҲһȼյĻ֮ſռƬһͬٻϯȥ
ٻֻһ߶ܣһ߹ĲԣΧϻ⹥ħֶ޷
иĿռ׻⹥
ٻں󷽷ͷħ̫ǿˣұֽնɱߣ
ʱҶ˹
ٻžϲħֵע
ȻڴʱһâһɽķѸײڶ֮ƴħֺ󷽵Ŀռ
䣡
ͻϮˣħֱɽâǱѣѪĽ
ɽף
ħֿ󷽡
Ҷֶ֮һһ߸ߵɽ
ű䣡
ˣħˣҶ֣ٻʱȼճ˵
ϵľ׼ڻѪҺŵѪâٻ˫۲ơ
ͣ
֪ʵ˶٣ٶȣֱһƿħǰ
㡭ħִ󾪡
žžž
ٻ׻ΪѪâ
Ѫâ֮չѪƣͬʱץ޵ĿֲâоٻĹץסħһͷԴѪִ칥ħִѪ䣬ҹûħ֡
ѹ
󷽵Ҷ˫ּɽɽ
ɽתȻڸ߿ջΪɽҶ˫һѹɽͻͻħѹ

ٻץסᣬѪâûɾѪâͻͻزסħԴ
ɱң
ħſ죬ɽһһĻ֮

Ǿ֮ɽ˭Ҳκβ˭ɽ̫޴ˣЩ֮ɢ
־٣־
ҶͷŸӿµԼȫ߶ɽɽٶʮ

һ£ɽ˼֮ƴħԴϣԴѹˣȻɽһѹħֲѪ
ǹ
סħֵһѪâ˲ٻֳǹһſħԴȥǹҶϹѾħ޷չͨ
һǹһǹħԴܿͳΪѪ⽬
ɶ񰡣
ħֲΣͻȻѪ֮УһŴ죬ҧסٻħͻȻʼû
ٻħֶ
ٻ
Ҷ󾪡
ڳµâһץһâΪ˽һ񼣽նħֵһԴϡ
һնһҶں񼣵ǿѾ޴ħԴնħ֮ǰشڻΪҲȻˡ

ħһԴͻȻſ죬ҧҶ
ͣ
ԴողһѪâ֮Уʹħִڲ͵ѪâΪΣٻ
Ҿ֪Сû£Ҷڷˡ
ٻմħֵѪ£ħֵѪ˭ѪߣӵҶȵϼٵʮ١
Ҷ׵ɱʬ彻ʦ
ɱ
Ҷٴץס񼣽ٻͷŵѪУͬʱնħ֣
ۣ
׾ƵģħƤҶҲħֵѪ綾
˶ӵҶĴڣ٣ӵߵ


2537 ʼħɱ
ٻͺ嶼ȼϢ
ɽ磡
һƬԶսʱ֮С
Ļ֮Уڿ
֮УҶڿʮֻǿа꣬뱱֮Ѫںϣ֮УҶҲͷĪĸӦ
ʱ䣬͸ӦԼϢȻٴθӦԭӦٻҶϢ
ֻǼһûΣգ
ؼӵϢ˲࣬ˡҶٻ
ֻҪȼϢҶȾܸӦԼϢںηܸӦڴ磬ҶԸӦĵط
˵ҶɽһԶսءɽԶսֻʣˣ
ǵץʱ䣬ʵҶ֮ʵûаգ֪컹ֶܼá
ʲôʱ
һжδ֪
ȥ
һԶսҶֶʮǿķܣһлԪʵ
Ҳץסʱ䣬ɽ硭
졣
ȱ֮⣡
ŵ֮УʲôûУֻвϴӴʧ

Ȼ䣬һЩˮƵӰ֮
һ˷һˣ
Ӱ𽥷ŴԭǼͷ˫ͷħմԶȱڣǺܿȱ֮⣬˿֮󣬵һ˺ڶ
ڶ֣澹Ȼӿһͷͷµħ֣
һͷһͷγʮͷʮͷͷ
ˡ
ȱ֮£
񡢷Ѫа̫ۡ𡢺ԪۡԨ۾ʥĸʮϹŶͬһƯڴ֮С
Ȼ䣬ĳ΢΢ﶯ
֣
ϹŶĿͶݶ
صؿһϹŶʼջ׼ȱ֣֮
ˣ
ϹŶ׷׿ȱڡ
ǺԼʮǿߣȴãʱϹŶĶҲһͬȱڡ
￴ȥֻܿ뿪ȱڷɳȥʣԼˣʲô
λˣ
ȱ֮⡣
ֻһ򣬺ĵĿռﶼ˫ͷħ֣ǧͷ֮ࡣ
ʮ꣬ǳֶϷڶ
ˣһǻʼڵǿߣӺڶ֮г֣Ŀһɨ·ͨңԶʱգȱ֮µ
λˣƣҪԱˣ˸ԴһǧˣҪЩϼһͳͳնɱˣ
ಣ
ǧħֶˡ
ʮǿҲֿʮΪһӣŷֿħָ˺󷽡

ɺڶʼǿߡʮ꣬Լǧͷ֮ħֱ֣Ԧڶȱڴ
ǿߣƺҲлʼǿߣ
ϹŶ֮У˫ͫһ⣬·ܿȱ֮һС
аҡҡͷŵĸоܾûˣ˰֮еĻʼǿ֮⣬ûħֿͷ˺ڰϢ
ʼħ֣
ϹŶʱȻ֪ʼħֵ
תʮϹŶδйϾԶŴսĳʱ򣬶˵һλãʵҲʵλ䣬󲿷񼣵ĻȴòԶסԶŴսس֮д󲿷ֶ밵ɱ֮УӶģûǣĽ粻ܻӭʮļԪһΡǲֹǺ󷽵ûн
ô꣬ǻûб죡ϹŶʮֲ
ֵ֮еĻʼħ֣̫ǿˣ֮񡢹֮֮׶УԵûһˣȫаǻʼħֵĶ֣Ե»ʼħֳ֣ǱԶһܶԸʼħ֣ȫ񣬽ħնɱѾû־ƣһ֮УҲҲһ޷ǵ־֮ͬǰشҪǵʱֵͷųâ
ಣ
˵꣬ϷȱͻȻӺڰ
ĺӰŤ״̬ؽٶ
ɲǣе񣬶ƬӰ־ĿԽԽǿҡ
أ
߿һʱ䴫ħͬӤĿһƬһƬȻħֳˣǷֳӪմ
ɢʮϹŶֳһӪ
࣬ƾǣҲסǵĲ
װħǷ
ӵذ
ˣʼǿߴħǳˣ񿴵Ǽһħ֣¶˿˿ɵɫ
ʼħ֣
ϹŶǰһ
̫ѵˣ޷Ըһʼħ֣̫ˣɱǣκһȥ·û׿Եֵ˶Ըһ֣űգ
ʮˣԾ˶ԸʼǿߣʣԸħ֡
ħҲʮˣҲܾˣټôħ֣ʧȥ־£ʵǣ
ҪնɱʼǿߣȻǿߣɱ˰ĺ·ӦҲ׵Ķ࣡
֣ƿ־аյˣζԸʼħ֣ͲμˣҪ־նɱЩħ֣
ǰ
ʼħ֡
ϹŶǰнš
ȻܲԸϹŶϣִ֣Ըħֵ񣬽ԶŴ
ಣ
̫аǷħִӪ
ಣ
񡢵ǷħӪ
ಣ
ԪšԨ۾Ҳࡣ
ŴϹŶȥ֮󣬺󷽾ʣ񡢷Ѫĸ뷲ʥ
ĴϹŶʮԴǿͷ׼ħִս
һ𣿡
ħһ
ԼǰϹŶʼħ˲ˣҲ֣󷽵ʮħ֣ħִһĴϹŶ
ս
޳ܰԶŴսҰɱ죬ϰٸֶԸһλʼ֣
λˣ֮ԱǵЦ˶ԸһˣעЩ࣬Ǹõ˽Ĺʱ򣬲ǲǽĹǽǵĸУΪǵʳ
ʧȥ죬ụ̂ƾǣһλҲмЦ
λ˱ɱ⣺ɱ࣬Ľ𣡡
䣡
·
ȱ˿ռը
ԭʮ꣬ǧħַ˹ĴϹŶֳĴӪ󣬽ɴͷ֮ħ֡
սռ飬˲ûȱ֮µʱա
ʱ
Ŀռ䣬̵þϹŶԴ顣
飬취־ͳͳʧĿռͬʱһ׾ʹˡ
֡֡
·սλħ֣ħֻߡ
֣Ҳöˣ
ߣӱȭ


ȣ
԰ĻʼǿߣһĴڡ
ǵ˫ͫ˺ڶĹĿ⣬ȻΧ˺ڶʼǿߣԼԦڶŴϹŶ
ͻͻͻ
ڶγ˿ռС
ǻʼħֵ
׿ʱգΪо߶ȻҪѾŴϹŶɡ
ҺڶԦռ䣬ԽԽγµкڶ֮ʼħƯУɭɭžŴϹŶ


2538 䶾
֮ϣ֮ϡ
˾ˮ֮Ǭšࡢ̫ʼĪ졢ơ纺硢ġꡢٻȵȵףͬһʱ̣Ǵ񷡣
ɱˣ
׶о˴ʱյı仯һɻɱȱڴĸ߿սٶ
ķٴ
վߣȥϹŶԸ壡

˾λףÿ׵ɫһ
λ
ʱ־ֱӳ˵ǰ
񣡡
ʮ֮ʩ
ѷµĹƣһγʼħ֣Ҳǲ֪ЩħǽֵħֲͬǸӿ¡ǿĴ֣Խնɱ
ϹŶ޾ϸ׻̤ȱڣʱʼǿߣʮǿߣԼǧµħִǾڴػķ·磬ǲǱ˷ħֽ磬Ǿ͸ԶԸ壡
ǲһҲɻ
ҲЩϹŶѣƺ廹δ֪Խһͻ״Ҫվˣ׼ɣ
˵꣬˲ʧȥ
ʼǿߣ
޲𺳡
Ȼûʼħ֣ȴԶŴս£֪һЩǿ֮ԶŴħ֡
δйĵӣһѹÿһ֮ϡ
ʼ󣡡
˾תʮ졢ǿ
һ׿ʼæµ

ʱ֮һա
ǬĪ졢̫ʼ
ֻ˷Űˡ
ǬдӸ߿񷣺ʼħֳˣǼֱ޷ԿװǬ񼣵󲿷ֶЩħУ108񼣣һ䣬ڲʮϹŶǣҲǰĶ֣
ɱǳ£Ĳ޵ɱҪ鷳ˣҲżˡ
ڻʱٵȵȣδʲôӣǸӪףôڳȥ
ȴ
λǰΧôף¶˼ǵжд̣һʼħֵҲ뿴кͣ
̫ʼŰЦЦ
Ǭֻ̾
Ī죬ƣҲǸܰˣɼ򶫣Ͳ
ɽ磡
ԶսҶȡҲ֪Ϣ
Ҷǻص磬ǼΪġ
ϹŶǣҲӦǣٿΪĽ磬ȡܳһʱ䣬ʱǻԵ첻ٷܣа羪˵һսǾû˼ռ
ҶԵúܰ㿴ڵĴ죬ЩϹŶ԰Ѿʧȥƣƿءմ֮ǰָǶô챾ԴûϹŶ֣ƿش챾Դֻǰ׼
һ뻹ǲİôͻȻɱˣ
ǵޣȽԼ鴦ãѵǧķܣƼ磬ӦܵǧܣҲǳˣʱЩǶԸһֱԱ䣿
Ҷȷ֮ӡ

âͷųķܷ˳ǧ֮࣬ȫǻԪʵӵзߵ
Լһᣡ
ˣ
һƬӰƿնǵū뷽顢ʥȾˡ
ϴ󣡡
󷽣
ϤӰ˹ǳ纺
ҶǰҶվҪǰæԶսʱȣ
û⣡ЦǺǵĵ
Ҷֵƣϣս֮У
֮֮⡣
Ҷǣ纺龻֮£ʱ龻纣ǵЩ׼Ԥɱ֮У
мƻˣ纺˳ʵ
ʱһֱ룬Ը壬ǿԼжףжԶŴսʱڣ108108ףһĹͷŵԽϳ죬ֻʣʮϹŶʵȲϰ壬ٶն޷ֵ壡
˾Ҳڵģ
ʧȥʱҾ룬׼׼ԴԸ˵ҪںõĶ࣬ʧȥһУҲʧȥƿ޷ôԸ壬ڿɽ磡
Ҫ־Ը壿纺žĹ
ƻģǱǰ类Ĵ㣬Ȼúʼ׼ҲȰһǿڴ죬ֹħأҾ뵽˺ӣ
Ҷȼ˵Ҫ½࣬ȰɱǿӡԸ壡
纺ͷŴԶâ
һŵӷǳ֮һļȷǿԽ֮ͨͨˮƿĳЩԶź֮УһЩԶž޹֣صں֮ϣҲûȥЩԶʧĽ俴һ
ڻϹŶԸ壬纣ʹžȥӡһˣνˮ
ãһ뵽취ģΪ˷񣡡
纺ǵҶȡ
ʱҶ֮󣬷뷽ʥž纺ΧΪػ纺޵еĴڡ

纺žɳԶս
ھʣµūһֱվԱߣֱȥʵˣҪʲô
ҶȴŵūǧеķϷ㿴Щⶼаϱ֮Ѫ⣬ƳĴڣ
ʵǿѾﵽͷĸ߶ȣϷǵս³ףûκԱȼ磡ɨǧܣūҲ
ںЩܵУȥǣӵзǳΪµԸ壡
Ҫôܣ¶ʱ
Ϳԣ޵ĳʱ䷨ĽΨһһǿʱ䷨
ǣˣūӦˡ
Ȼʼ߶һʧˣΪѪ㡣
ЩѪԵūգۼ䣬ѪֻΪѪ֣鶼ǡ
Ҷһ£ǧܷ˹ſ죬һֻֻѪɡ
䣡
һƬâ٣ֵūǧܣʧ֮С
񼣣ľ䡣
̫ҵ֮У
ǧ֣ܳһһϯضҶ뵶ūԱߣҶͷƿūʼ߶
һ֮󣬵ūҶȣˣЩԺͽаΣ
ããаӵа񣡡Ҷ޵˵һٷܣūӿаڵȷһͨ㣡
ֻҪʱ䣬ЩͲ󣡡
ūġ
Ҷȷͨ壬ϵūЩа
аӵǾͿħɱ֮УħֵѪⲻǿ
ӳаá


2539 ʼħϹŶս
죡
ȱڵʱա
ǰǴ磬ҲѳΪšڰա
Ϊ׵ĴϹŶʮǿߣǧͷħսԼʱݺᡢڵħ֡
ڸңԶĺڼʱա
̫˱൱Ĵ񣬻̫Զˣ
µĿռƬǿռƬ
оƬռ䣬һλͻȻɱĺˣǰ̫аײ
ͣ
ϹŶ˾޴ĿռƬ󣬿ռƬɱʼħơ
ûа취ϹŶͬʱͷųһâ
ֻһըϹŶͬǿʵѾ޴ĿռƬ顣
ٿ
ʼħſ죬³ԣһ̫ˡ
̫аϹŶȫƣոջǿռƬΧռֱӡס
ﻹǴ죬֮ôϹŶͷ־֮ħֵ
ڵĴʧȥһУûգûжʩչ
Ӱ
ԻʼħֵʮӡϹŶڿռ֮Уʱſռʼħּٷȥ
һ˦ķǿл磬ڿռ֮קס̫аһ뿪ռ䡣
ʼħһܿʮϵĿռ䣬ٶԶͨħ֣һ̻Ϊһɫݣʧ
ಣ
ħ־һ²ٺӰϹŶδȣһڰ档
̫һֻԷաԼԪ񣡡
ߣ
ƿգһʱմȥ
ٶȣ
ȻȲħ֣ʼħڶϹŶնգһΪڶʧ֮С
ͻͻͻ
Ȼ䣬̫аʧڿռ䣬ڵĿռ䣬ĿռʣͻȻΪһڶУнռѸתֻ伸ڶͽ̫аһռǱ
һֻ˲䱬
ϹŶδüŤռƺˣɫһ̧ͷһΧռֻΪдڶ
ಣ
дڶ˿ƣٴξС
ǰһ뻹ܼ磬ȫڰ֮УûйâΧڰâת
ͻͻͻ
̫аͷų˵ķڶŤĺڰ֮֮ͬһֲ÷һ飬ըһ˷ڶ֮С
ڶǰ԰˵ȫֻһͨ
ڻʼħУȻΪ˿ֲĿռͨѸͣ־޴ϹŶ޷
ȿȣ
ϹŶڶռ䣬һЩƣ죬ɻʼħֲϢĻᣬϿֳ˴ڶ
аϹŶڶħֵ츳򲻿ôʱ֮ڱ
ռֶίʵ¡ȥǱȻᱻһգΪʳڶУ
̫Ȼ
ٿ
ڶнˡ
Ժڶ״̬ϿաΧͻȻ٣ϹŶ֮ǰͰУȻǿµŤ֮
⣡
޽
а֮ӡ
ǰαڶ֮УϹŶҲ㷢һЩ켣֮ɲǣͬʱʮԪеĿֲ
â
žžž
ڶи߿һ࣬âٶֻʼħӰˣ˫֮Уһɺڶһֻͷų֮
ԭڶУǴ˫ͷųġ
â˫սâһڶ⣬ʣһֻʼħɫ棬һâֵ

ô˻ᣬϹŶǿһӣӺڶ֮з˳
ٻͷһǰдڶ̫ˣΧĿռʡͨͨ顣
ٿ
ڶٶһʼħ˷˳ɭɭЦ̫аӲҾƣ
⵹ǣ
̫аŽһʱ䣬ȫ·磬־֮ڣ֮ȫԵס԰ľ
ڡʧȥ˴죬ʧȥơ
ҪǣڴǻЩǿлᲫһȥǶӲƣ̫˵
аҧ̫ȥҪԴǲˣھǿ״̬
ã
Ҳͬˣ
ͻͻͻ
ɲʱڶֽٶжྪˣ
Χռ˲ͳΪڶϹŶٶȣڴʱʧȥãǻʼħֵ
ֲõȱڣͨһ˵ͿϹŶǰȱڻ顣
񼣣
а񼣣
񼣣
ױڶɣڶֻΪ״̬˲䡣
ҫ۵âڲͻȻȻâ㼯һ㡣

â㼯˲䣬ʲô
һıը֮԰ľһ౻ǱϾȻ˿ڣѪ
âѸײڶ֮һȻûնɱЩħ֣˲ͱ˺ˡ
񼣣
ƺ벻ϹŶôʹ߶񼣡
ڶʧ񼣳ֶ
Զ񼣣ÿһ͸žâĴ֮У֧еĹ
񼣣Ҳǹ־
̫а߶񼣣󣬳֮ƳھΧͬʱֱһâ
𣡡
âֱȭͷһȭ֪жֲâȻɲǼһ٣˲û
ۣ
һѪ
ѹ
аˣаֳһаâӾϿգѹ
䣡
ղˣаٶ빥ǰƻõģаþ޷⣬һܵش
ӡ֣֮
ˣһ࣬˫һץ񼣳˿µâ֣Ѹץ
𣡡
񼣹ϹŶҲԲˡ
Ȼʧһɾ޴ħֳˡ
ٿٿ
ԴͬʱһƬһͷŵķӡֲһһסаڵĿռ䡣
ۣ
Ǿ̫
һ֮ͷŵĽ˾ϡ
ʱѪĽھĽۡ

ˣ̫Ĺպסаڿռ䣬ԼĹ͵һڣʼ
аڵĿռ䣬񼣱סֻ忪ʼʧȥƽ⣬ʼڿռ֮вת·ڣռγɿµĦײ
ǹֻй˵
ħ֣
̫׷а񼣾ȻԴֱÿռײĦԸ񼣣ƿն
žžž
̫һץ֮У˿µĴ֣Ϊצӡצӡռ䣬ֱץ
·֪̫ڹȻûֹǼ񼣣岻ϷڣȰа񼣴飬ȻŶԸ̫
аҪ񼣣ҪԸһʱ޷ȥ

̫צӡץ˾ϣһץץһѪ⡣
ʹǼڣ̫벻ȻѲһſ񼣵˼ҲûУצӡһδιȥ
һʱ䵽ǾѪںɡ


2540 񼣵ػ߳
̫ħֲֵ̫ˣ񼣸޷
̫Ĺ˺þѪɣһ˼Ҫа񼣡
֮У̫Ժ
аټһᣡ
̫ϾӲռײ񼣣˫üޱȵĽ
ͼ³񣡡
̫Ա߳һλߣ񼣵ػߡ
ͼ³
ˣͼ³߶
񼣣ħַ
̫ҪʩչױȵѰͼ³񻽳
ʱ״߶񼣣ôػͨ£ںϣ߶ϡ
ڰͼ³ˣҲ˵̫Ҫ뿪񼣡
Ȼ̫ʼɳ񼣣֮У񼣵ƣӿڣϢȫ񼣵
¯
ɳ񼣡
̫ϢʼںϣȻ˻ΪâɵУ̫ںϣﵽǿĹ״̬
ۣ
ħ룬֮ǰץѪȥ
̫𣡡
ʱʶ󷽳ֵĿȫ񼣣Ҳ˵Ҳڿ塣
޷Ӧ
ͣ
̫УѪ֮ϣѪ̫ˣһиȥ
񼣡а񼣣ɣ
Ȼֻ񼣡
ۿоҪ壬ΣȻһڣȫ·ͷڵ
а񼣾Ȼž·໥ɲǾþ񼣣һ
䣡
˭Ҳ󲻵һ̣жôˡ
֪ˡ
ͣ
ͬʱ
̫Уâʧ˲䣬ȫѾն˼ңΡ
Ҳ˲䣬аײһ
Ƕộײһ˲䣬ռ䶼飬񼣵âʧˣΪɽ
꣡
񼣵ı洫

аа֮Уؿ񼣳ѷ졣
а
񼣣ȻҲһЩѺۣ˲䣬Ҳܵشںϣ⵽شΪҲòȥ

аŭһ𣬽ϵİ壬˳ȥռ仺Ư
ȿȣ
̫״ָ̬
ȫһںնɱ˾һ԰Ļʼǿߡ
԰׵Ŀа񼣣¶ɵЦݣҲͼ³ͷâƣ̫֮С
ಣ
аԦ񼣣ƿ֮зâʧ̫࣬ǱݾĿĵѺۡ
֣ô³Ǳսײ飬ҺͷԸ
̾ȻܵһشԺǻǿԽ޸ɱ˾ͷʼħ֣ǵȥ֧ԮϹŶ
ã̫аͷ
ٿ
ͻȻڴʱ
ױӦƿ֮ǰռˡ
̫аȥȻ꣬ʬա
ǣ
ϹŶ״һȥ
ಣ
ϹŶɱֱӰԼںϣȻ໥ɡ
Զȥ徹Ȼںһ

ϹŶ·֪ħЩ˵ɣ˵죬ǿһĻв·֪Ҫʲôһ
໡
徹Ȼںһ
겻ˣ忪ʼȼа棬һЩ忪ʼζ
̫аⱾʾףնɱ˵ˣΪ⡣
̫˶ݿնɱһΣɱڶΣ
ǾͲһˣ
ζԽԽ죬ԴͻȻһͬʱһռƬÿһ鶼޴ޱȡ
ͬʱпµ֮Уȼյĺɫ档
ᣡ
ϹŶԦ񼣣ͬʱӡâѸ͵ںһ
һ̣ϹŶɱ
ΪһâգͻͻͻâԼռ䣬ϵػ飬˿ȥϹŶʵѾһ泬˾
жֲ֮ǰһ˲񼣡
䣡
ϹŶĿռ䣬Ϊ˻ըռ䣬һڱߣӣ
ٿ
һڶУžʧϷˡ
ڶﵽʮ̫ˣ˲ͽڵĿռ֡
λСģǵñӲӲ
ڰ֮У
·һжֻֻ֮УΪڶγɵУоҪʧ֮Уֻء
ʧ
̫Ԧ񼣷ɳ֮ͷš
žžž
Ͽպڰ֮Укڶ֮УͻȻһŴ죬ѽҧ飬ж٣ͻ١
аҲͷŴϹŶٴλΪ̫ˣһ½һҧ齣ֱϹŶ⡣
˫ڶпռսȥ
˻˻
֮󣬺ڶ֮гȼյĺɫ档
ȣ
ΧϹŶͷŹɫȴѹ
ǵ뿪ռ䣬ȥȫƣ
а˵
ã
̫ͬ⣬ͻȻ֮УʼתĦ֮ڰ𿪡
֪Ҫʲô
ڰ֮У˭Ҳ塣
˿̡
аҪ뿪ڶռʱͻȻһӰӿռһ˳֣Ǵҧס񼣣˳һȻа񼣲ס߲סһ
ãа
׻δͼаͻȻ뿪ڶռ䣬ڴʱڶпռҲɢˡ

֮У̫Ԧ񼣳֣һЦżа񼣾Ȼµס
ùңʱ޷ƻ񼣣
а֮дһ
ɱ
ٿգ˲Ϣһǰһס
˿ɵͷźڶĿռа񼣽ڶ֮С
ӡ
̫֮УһӲӵķӡҲžڶ֮С
а񼣣ʿֶܼãӲҵӲ
ڶ֮С
Ŵ죬ѾʼаҧȥΧʱʱ̿ڹа񼣡

аƯа֮УԵޱǱǴ߶񼣣ǿԿѳȥ
ҲͷŵĴ쿹⡣
Ȼ˵ķǳԣѾа񼣣񼣱ȫѹƣһûҧϣڶڼҧȥĲ˶ãа񼣿ܾҪΪʳ

ӲӵŸħֵٶȣ

ռƬ֮ϣǿư飬Ȼ֮󣬴Ӻ󷽼죬׷žںڶ֮ӡ
ں󷽽û취һԴʼȫԸƬ飬ڶ֮С
ˣ
а֮У
аͻȻӡԱ߳һλߣ˸оǹ
а񼣵ػߣ
аػߣ񼣱ħֿƣ벻񼣵ֲħ֣λ޷ֵĻ񼣿ܻ飡
ˣô죿߹


2541 а
аѡ񣬵һ뿪񼣣񼣣񼣱ħ飬ҳȥ취ħնɱӶ񼣣
ˡػϾ˸ղˣȥնɱħ֣
Ҳȥһλ޷ʱ񼣶ʧħұѡ񣡡
а񼣣Ѻۣкܲù
񼣣Ѫ
а֣ˣ
аһѡʱ
Ӹ߿պڶ֮б
ͻͻͻ
ʴӺڶ֮׹䣬ǴƬǴڲʣ֮ƺƿ֮£Ϸ׹
Ͽգ屻УƤ⿪ʼµĺɫƼס
ˣ
аħϵĺɫƼף·֪Ƽж¡
ϣ
һڶ֮УӡٶʱպãγɷӡھϷ
䣡
ڶȻʧ
̫׷ɱЧһǰһ󣬰Ѻڶ飬а񼣳˴硣
Ҳһ֣񼣷ɳЩ񼣵
鷳
ЦһͷŵںһÿռͨͨȻǣĿռ䡣
ҶȵС֮ͬ
а񼣣ԸǾ׶ˣ
һԴֿа񼣣Ȼ壬Ȼа񼣿ʼתϵĺɫƼζ񼣻ȵĻǡ

аػһͬ߶
ڲӿ񼣣񼣵ıԴʧһ㣬񼣵Ҳһ㡣
аĻ˵㣬Ҫ˴ۣа񼣡
ͣ
а񼣣תٶȼӿˣĺɫƼװ񼣱һи
а񼣵ķһһ顣
аػϣ֮ڵʲϷɳΪֿħֵĺɫƼס
а֣סħֵĿռίʵԶԸ
񼣣Ҳ׿Ϊ֮ǰҲѺۣҲܲ𼸴ι
ͷŵĹֱռͨתƵռ䡣
̫ΪҪʵǿͨޱߣʱȻӴΧռ䣬նʡ
̫Ǳа񼣾ȳܷԴʣ֪Ĺж¡
̫ɫװǾֲ̫ˣ֮ǰħ֣סа񼣣ǲſģ
λÿңȵһȣұ뾡취а񼣣аˡ
а֣ǻа취ģĵ
ʱˣаڲĵħƼ׿Խиҵ뿪񼣣뾡취ħָУȻڲ
ħָУ
Ҳܿа񼣾𣬳ûʱһ飬ʣҵĻܶԿħ֣ô˵ˣһŲԼԴռķӡ
аܼ˵֮󣬲̫Ȱ裬Ȼʼӡ

ˣػ߲а
Ǻô꣬ҵΪ񼣿ǣҲˣ񼣿Դȥ
޷Կħ֣
͡ںϣħշָʤɣ
а֮󣬻һâͻȻɳа񼣡
ӣ
аɳΪҪߡ
һԴҧа
ȻˣаףٶȻǾˣһҪҪɳƵķΧ
ٿ
ƺѼӷߣһͻȻһ̫ˣаһ£ͱħ졣
а֣
ֹֹ̫ˡ
ǿ޷ݡ
ھʣǣʰа񼣻ʰǣĳХһʼа֡
аػ߿ƣȻͷʣΪħֶԿǷǱɫƼи
ĸУ
Ǻڰ磬źڰѪɫ
ͣ
аͷâѪɫϢʼʴķ
̫ˣڰѪɫ׾ͽаƸʴֲħʲôҳԣԭᱻڰѪɫɸɾճΪħֵ
ҵ־ᴫȥ
аֲʧֲ˰ʧջᱻڻ
ӡ˫ֺʮϳЦݡ
忪ʼȼͬһš
ӿʣȼ֮а徹Ȼ𽥻ΪѪںϡ
ȫ񼣵
ˣ
һ񽣳ˣаȴʧˡ
ʱ˿̣Լںϣϣﵽǿ״̬
ݣ
Ƶģа־ڼԦħֵѪݴȥ
磡
ȫԸа񼣣һԴԸϹŶĹ
ۣ
ϰһ࣬Ȼһ񽣴̴

˺ѷεĲҽУһԴٶа񼣣һҧ񽣣񽣿ʼƾ壬˼Ӳ壬ȴ£һи
̫ʹļףа֣׷ѵģ
ֹ
ϹŶץħֵԴͬʱһаץȥҪа񼣾ȳ
ʱˣٴ޼ɵİڶڿշڣκɱǿ飬ɡ
аھϣʮĽۣ廮ƣ¶һĿĵѪڡ
ˣ
񽣹âʧˣ
ʧȻаˡ
ȫһն壬ʱıʴΧʧ

Լ
䣡
ʴΧаͻȻױȵĴը
һըаԼеһУٴըħ˿죬˿ڴʣ֮һֱϡ
ϧ̫ǿˣаԱջǲһ㣬նɱ
ȻûɱǾѾˣаԱըѪڣռķ֮һ
ಣ
а䣡
˵ľסа񼣣ػ߳û߶񼣷̫
䣡
˵ľںͻȻӴһɫ
ûа񼣵ػ߷֣Ӻһǿеشа֮УǺڰ濪ʼӿ񼣡

̫벻˺֣æа񼣡
ˣ
а֮У
ػߵţҲȼճ˺ɫ棬ڰĿǻ潣ĻѾ񼣱ݴ顣
ػ߲£а񼣼ڴ˿̾Ҫȫ顣
񼣱Դ
ҡҡ׹µа񼣣ػͻȻΪ񼣹â¡һɳһ塣
ػâںϣɲǼ仯Ϊа

ⲻаػں֮а̬֣ȻΪһƬâǾȥ
ͻͻͻ
аһ̣Դݿƿʼ顣
а񼣣Ҳˣ

ŷâſҧȥ

âҧУâʼΪޱըھĴɢ
졢Ѫâɢ֮УһһΪѪĭ
յźһ󱬷ħֵĴըˣȥһ⣬ھһϡ
аа񼣲װʧġ
̫ɱ˹ʧâֱʹһϹŶ׳ҵķʽʧ
аа񼣵־ڣǵʧˣǵ־ڡ


2542 
ɱ
̫ʢŭ뱯ʹ֮£Ԧ񼣣ɱʣһԴľ
Դ־ɽӾ
ʴӴʱʱ£̫֮ͨ£ھΧ
̫𣬾ǱʳΪģҲԸģ
Χʣſ죬Ѵ죬ϵĺɫƼףײЩʣƼ̫ˣ񼣶飬οڲʡ
ɱһԣٴЩеĻδ⵽ƻеĿ֮ը
ʼħ֣жǿ
ҲֻЩµԶŴ֪
ħֵĻָ̫ˣͨܵشаһκҲˡ
ǻʼħ־ˣƺơʹԣûһоȻ׼κʡ
̫𹥻̫ˣϾֻʣһԴӲʣھϣƲϼء
ˣҲܵƻĹҲȻֲ
Ȼܿ⣬һһƲϵؼء
ȱ·
ĴϹŶ£ħֲҵɱš
񼣸߸ߵ񡢷Ѫĸʥ
Ǵ߶ĴδֱͶսĺ󷽣մ־ӿսڣǸԴԴϵս
ĸͻȻڰ񷣺аˣ
аҲ
۽ʪˣϹŶĬĬۣĬ
벻ô죬һϹŶ񼣣Ľ¡
սսȥŭɶȼŽɱһյĻ档
ȱڿռ䡣
ʮҲ׷ۣȻ󱬷޷ŵı顣
Ƕһ̣֪а񼣻Ϣ
ϹŶ
аϹŶҲⳡս֮䣬Ҳ޷
һĬ
磬̫ʱպ󷽵ңԶʱա
һԶս
ڿ󣬳ưڲϵ񼣣Լ֮С
ʱͬʱһΪʧȥ˷ãѾ޷׸ܵڲһС
̾аˣ
ҶȿףͫҲʪ󣺡̫ˣ̫ˣʱɱ磬ǵüӿٶˣ
װٴһԶսʧ
Ҷǰǿķܣڲ
죡
䣡
սڽС
ĹڲϹ˵ľѪԽԽ࣬ҲĿģսҲû֮ǰǰǿ
࡭
·ҲٶԸ̫ϹŶ񼣣ܵشľͣҲ׶Ըס
ŭˣȻӿڶ
ڶΪвϵ죬Χʣɣǿ顣
˶ߣпʼˣɺ󷽿ռ䣺ħҪߣܸϣ
ӣ
һ䣬һ񼣻һλˣʣ̫þˣ
Σ
̫ʱ̣ɱﵣҲǿͨ
ͷųʣΧʣں֮󣬼̫ƿ
ٿ
һµʾɽںڶϷˡ
ͻͻͻ
ͨ
ʾɽѹںڶ֮ϣͰѺڶˣſռһ֣ͬʾɽһڻ֮

һΣ
ĹոͷţͱһâУԭһ֣Ĺ
ʾɽƻ˾ִѪЩѪʴɽڸʴʼħֲ̫ˡ
һϹŶʼħֽ֣ûһϹŶܾѹƻʼħ֡
ӡ
ӡӡռ䣬ʾɽ֮ϣֳʣһһѹʾɽϷ
һײٴΰѾѹĳָѪ
ٿ
Ȼѳˣ
ԭǺɫƼףʾɽ֮£ƴʣӳշȥ
֮磡
ߣ̫Ԥϵһ㣬ݿգһƴǰռͻȻĳռʱ飬һαƻС
Ȼûɱ̫𺳣ʼħֵȷʵ¡
磡
̫ûͷŴͨ񼣵âһʧࡣ
Ȼ䣬ľΧʣЩ˲ںϣΧγһɽһһľɽ
ҾɽϵʲӣɽڲʼҡΣǾ𶯡þɽ·Ҫ顣
ӡ
ӡֳ֮ķӡ񼣵ĹâһھɽΧһɽ𶯿ʼ
һ̣ھɽ֮С
һȫһնɱĻԶҲܽס˿µħ֡
а֣㰲Ϣɣ
̫ԷɽȼʥĻ档
ں󷽵ȴţʱ˿̣ɿ״̬£ںϹŶľɽԿѹ˵ľ
ֻԶ벻һ˫û˫ͫڱ
ٿ
˫˫ͫǺڰĿ⣬ȻΪġ
һڰ֮˫֮ͫУһ֣˴գ󷽣񼣣
ˡ
񼣵ػߣ·˺ڰ֮߶ƣҪ赲Ǻڰ֮
ͣ
ǶԷǺڰ֮̫ˣ
ѾܵشȻ޷ֵڰ֮˲̴񼣣һĺҲŽ񼣡
ͣ
ոתڰ֮ʹؿڴ룬ǿƴ̴š
ˣ
һ񼣹âڲ
Ϊһ꣬һ񽣣ںϣһնӡ
ãôһʼħ
Ҫȫնɱɽѹľ̫Ͻתȴػߣںϴﵽǿ״̬Ĺ
䣡
һȭŹľȻػںϵľ޽һȭʹˡ
ˣ
Ƭ֮У񼣵ػӰ֣Χһ̣Ҳ׷顣

ŴѪǺڰ֮·ӵơֻܿػߣһͬ顣
ʹ

Ƭ֮УǿӰһץָͷݵشƬ֮߳
˫ͫͶ̫ϡ
һУֻڵʯ䷢̫ӵз֮Ҳ޷ֹӣǴ컹ǰĴ졣
̫ǾԶŴս࣬뱾ʽ֣
Ӻܴݵ̫𣬲һѹľɽǡٻĸ»֮һ˵֮Լüλףڱʵ֮£
ɶ񣡡
仰̫ս
̫𣬲ߡߣָѹþ˻Ƶ̫
֪жֲ
㣡ɱôס̫ŭգּʹģ絶ʣ·һġ
ĳХǰԼ֪ԶŴսʱɱ˶ٵףǶٵ࡭֮ǱɱĶ֮ЩһڵҲһ㡭Ҳһ
Ȼؾۣ߸߾

̫˲ѹľɽܲ򼫣


2543 
ˣ
̫һ̣һᡣ
䣡
ָһץԴŤ
ſ죬ѪȻ̫𣺡ףǰζʳ
˵꣬ͰԴȥ
ҪʬΣ
̫һâʣٿȻ񼣷ɳ

ץסͷ֮壬һȭ̫âײһ
ǿߣ˭Ҳûκ˭
ٿ
ͻأΪӰſռ䲨ʧ
̫Ӧ۵ˣĿǰǿĴڣʱȥɣȱʽɱһս
ɲʱѹľɽԡ
̫ۣʬ̫ʾ⣬ȭһ»оɽɽݡ
֣лȣ
Ƭ֮УܿǱľ

ĮȻؿûһɫӦ֪⣡
ͻȻһͫǿ־塣
ʸ˵ǻʼǿߣȴϣ㻹ʲôʸΪߣĸҪȷﵱʳĸǿҰδѵףʵҲǱ
һŰһս
ôϻؾǹأΪߣ˶ٱСͬࣿѵǿĴٳ㣿ŵˣԼǿ󣬾Ϊǿţ
ҡ
ͷ­
ߣ
Ȼץסʬ壬ֿסԴȻھıϣȱڡ
ֻʣ̫ĬĬؿƬֻܿż뿪
Сġ
ͻȻ񣬴ѹڼĳ֣ͳͳеףĶ֡
ٻףҲаӰӣԼԦ񼣡
ʱֻ̫ܹ¶ط·
һս
Ҳˣ
ϹŶˣǼԦΧһʼǿߡ
ȣ
񡢵ϹŶ
Ǵ߶񼣣ͷ񼣵Χȡ
ҲǰĻʼǿߣʱȣѾɿħ֣ͷħ֣Щںħ֣γɵı塣
ۡ񣺡аˡֻ̫ȥԪ۵ˣ
ɱͷħ֣
ԦĹ񼣣ʱͷŵǳâﵽҫ۵ĳ̶ȡ
ôҰĶ֣ǰɣҰ廹δȫ֣ȫɱ޷ֵ
ĴЦ
ɱ
ϹŶ߶񼣣µâΧγʯУͬɽһ޴ȹ˹ȥ
죬ȱ֮⣡
Ǳľɳ졣
ಣ
һڶ֮Уƶ
ϤӰ߳
٣
ʣԶŴսڣҶڻָʵոջһĽ磬оΣӭӼĻع飬Ȼһ۾
׵δﵽȫʢʱڣҲһɱ񼣣̫Ҳһн֣ͷʵӦҲӽ֮ˣ
ҲֻмŲʵһһĶ֣һҰ㳲಻лᣡ
ٿĺȵЩռԴȻΪ°ܽΪĸԳһаɣ
ǣǣ
һƢҲûС
ʣʱҪʵͬʱҲַ׸ĸʣ
ָ֣ӴɱĽ磡
ʬ壬Լ˷٣תȱڡ
߰ɣĸʿɵҪʳ
ʬ壬ץס˺ڰС
磡
Ҳˡ
һԶս
Ҷһͨ壬ƿʼϼԶս
֮޾󺣡
һṦƯںա

Ȼǰĺ֮Уľˣ˻𣬽žһµĴ󺣹֡
Щܻͷ̫޴ˡ
񣡡
кͻȻٶȣǰĺһУ֮г˺֮纺һԾ
ף
ϰͷ޴ĺ֣ҲҶȹ
Ҷ纺ںɻɨЩ֣ʵôôĺͷ
纺ܵЩԶŻĴڣԻûΣҲ޷У޷뿪ֻں֮ٶӵڵʵܲף
Զδǻ޷йֻΪԭʼķǿܻڵȷף
˲ˡ
Ľ̫󣬵ܻбĽ䡣
Щ֮УһЩ඼˽ǿ壬Щ󺣹֣һӶ޷뿪޷УֻԶں֮С
纺ԺٻƺֲǵĴڣΪûУûϢ
纺ؿҶȣôˣ
аˣҲ̻ϹŶǿֲܼ˶ãͨơԶսȻæ
ѾټеĴ󺣹֡ˮ֣еĻ;У
о취
ããˮռһ֮еĵطҲûˮĴڣֻˮ磬ټеˮ֣֡ˮ֮Ȱɱ
֮ˮǽˮΪ֮أðɱϺ֡ˮ밵ｻս
ҪˮҪܳʱ䣡
ȡɣϣϹŶǿԼָã
һᣬ˾Ӧ԰취
Ǻںϵˮ򣬹һ󣬾кָ˹һǺˡ
жٺ֣
޷
ͬʱããһҲ˴ˮһЩԶˮֳˡ
ǧĺ֡ˮ֣ʱƬˮÿһͷŻԪ
ˮ
Щˮ֡ħֶԶžޣ޷УȴӵĹ￿ȥǹľɽ
ˣЩȫһѰħֱնɱ
ҲΪʳ
纺ҶȣΪҲڹ˼ЩȻħ˵ڴѾˣ弴ɱ磬ɱ磬ὫķʡԹ⣬ʧȥµķһʧ͵ʧȥıӶʧκܻ
һͷ޴ĺ֣һͷ꣺ˣǻô꣬ȻûѡǻŽøԵ츳ħɱ
ǺǣҲ밵ɱһ
֮Уһͷˮ˵ͷˮһͷз֣̫׶ˡ
ӡͬڡ
ﶼ˵ˡ
׽ˮ򣬻ὫǵϢˮںϣʱǿԸ׿ˮ
纺Ҷȶһۡ
Ȼ߿գͬʱͷ
ʧȥһУ磬׻ףӵޱߵֻ幥磬ʱ׻ӵͲˡ
ΰĴ磬ĹԵˮˮ־ɣ
񼣽١
纺Ϊ˾ˡ
߶Լ־һͶ˳ȥټ񼣵綼־ɢ
־־־ͨ־һ̣ˮ硣
龻֣
Ҷȿʼ纺
Ưڰգϵؽӡ
Ҫ֪޵ˮ纺ʵ޷ϾδﵽԶָ߶ȡ


2544 Ĺ
ڵ纺ʵδȫӽϹŶ
ȴﵽϹŶʱĺ
Ҷ纺޵ˮ磬·Щﶼڵȴš
֮
߶ߣͷߡ޽ߣԼߣˡ
纺δﵽ۷ҶѾԽĸ߶Ѿ޽ӽ̫֮ڤ
ҶȰ£ϸ纺ʼ߶ͨ
һЩں֮г֡
ٶ̫ˣȥ治֪ʱǲƿƬˮ
죡
ȱ֮¡
һ
ս꣡
񡢵һˡ
ʱĿռ֮Уǿµĺڶ֮ڡ
԰ߣȣһס
ͷǵǾǿߣʩչܰȸס
Ҫ֪ʵһģںͷǿߣʵӿֲϹŶ֮ɱ꣬δնɱ
ʱһħֵԴȴһи
ۣ
޵״̬Ϊ۵Ϊǡߡ԰֮ͨС
ߵĹʮֲֿģͬͨһ˷ʤ޴ɷҲ۵ͨڰںϵһͷħնɱˡ
Ҫ
ȷˣߵλȻƵ̶ֳȣͻȻ䣬˿ڴѪ
ЩѪںڶ֮У֮֮ϡ
ȣ
ʼħֵѪҺ綾ֲ˹񼣵âɡ
ͬʱѪҲ˵ͷŵ֮ϣҲʴץסᣬ˫һͰϣһ˵ĵ񼣲ϻζ
ͣ
Ķ˱ɱ֮ģ˼ԼѪϵ緢Ȼڶпռ䣬ȫѪ
һۡ񡢵ͷŵĹԼ񼣵ȫѪأɱǰѾûв
ͻȻʼ仯
ı忪ʼͣΪ˶ޱȵıϵĺɫƼ͸޼᲻ݵ
ಣ
źڶ֮ԼѪѹ񼣣ʼ񼣷˹ֱٶռƣӵԱι
žžž
ϵĺɫƼһƬһƬ񼣣񼣿Զ񼣰һ񼣼̶ˡ
ˣһʧʱֻһȻѵиһӣһһɴС鶴
ȫ£޷֣̳һ
ЩѪ̫ˣСģĿ񼣣
񼣿ӣжܰȳֲ֣ˣΧȵѪǡ
ˣ
Ȼȳˡ
һմߣſҧĹ񼣡
һĻһӡ֮һʸ˫ᣬյ񼣵ٿȥ
䣡
ϹŶѪ֮УȵĹȴ񼣵ĶŴ죬ǼʸȻȥ
ȻʸѪǿȥȻݺݵһڣһԴſ죬Ȼһ硣
ԵĹǿļʸȻӴ˳źɫ˳ƳĹ񼣷˹
ʸٶ̫죬ȵĺɫ棬ʸѸײڶ֮ƣĹͷŷ£¡һʸ˷ȻػĹ񼣡
ĹһǼʸɫд󲿷֣ѾĹ񼣡
ش˵񼣣شĹ񼣣ȵʵֲ̫ˣһУͷųѪ񼣣ش񼣡
Ϊ˶ԸϹŶҲȫԸϧκδۡ

۽ӡ֮УٿȻɳһ͸޵â
ѪʴâһԴ˹ȥâ³һâ֮˦Ĺ񼣡
һػĹ񼣡
ٿ
ȼĹܵشһԴѸ֮䣬ſһڰĹҧסȻѪڶ롣
֮𣡡
УͷĹΧȼ˻棬յȵĴҲڶ
춷𣡡
ֻ棬Ըȣ
һĻӡҳ֮Ҳǰ
һһԣǳ
Ĺ񼣵ػߣ춷
ų֮ȥԸħ֣һҪȻƣǾѳ֮
ץ֮ΪһǹɳĹ񼣡
ػߣ
ų֮ɱȵһ˴ˣһƬɫĺɫ棬յı˿
ݣ
߶֮񽣱âըһƬһƬըɫɢ˿ȡ
Ĺ˵
ȺͷѪУ񼣣Ȼڶִдڶ֮УȻ츳Ĺһͬһڶ֮С
ˣСģ
Ҳɱڶ֮С
Ǵڶ֮У֮ȵѪɲ񼣣ĵħƺҪȶԸ񣡡
Ҫһ߽ǣϹȥҲżˣʱ߶ͨ񼣻Ϊ͸״ѪɣǺڶ׷ȥ
һڶռ䣡
䣡
׷ħֺ󷽣ϻӳ֮
һͷռƬֹɱȥһԴĹ񼣣ʼڴռ֮зڡ
ͻͻͻ
ҪƣĹռײʱռ䱻ײ飬Ĺ񼣵âԽԽ
δ߶񼣣Ĺ񼣻޷ΪħֵסĹ񼣣Ҳʱʱ̿Ĺ񼣵
ԽǴ߶Ĺ񼣣ͷԽ࣬ᱻħɣԸħ֣ħָˡ
ȥ񼣻ռ䳹顭
ײĿռ䣬ܵĹ岻֮ǰܵȵش
ȥ񼣻顣
찡ȹԪûʲôźģһԸ֮ǰնɱͷħ֣Ϊȥһϣ
Ȼڴʱ߶档
濪ʼȼգ񼣵ʣҲһ̣ڻڡ
ˣ
ܵʲôĹâ΢΢Ĺ񼣵ػߣ񼣷ʲô仯Ҳͬı仯

ȣͻȻֲԾĹ񼣡
Ĺ񼣴ʱȻֳ״̬֮ģڲԼ߷ġ
䣡
Ĺɲʱ
ڲɳһâͷŴ۵âĹһˣ˳ƺȵĴ죬ɲʱ˴֮С
䣡
ĹеȻȵĴﱬ
ȵϳâȻһըƤԴ˲䱻ըɡ
ˣūˣ
ˣ
ҪʧԼȼںϽ֮Уݵһʹһĸ
ͣ
һǱȻһȵնϣ

ȿ壬һҧǳ֮ϣϣһ֮ˡ
Ĺ񼣵ľ顣
ħ֣Ҫ࣬Ҫ۵ģ
һˣը𳤿յľ
Ȼըâ֮УľӰ
þץ˵
Ա
ϻǣҲˣ
ʧˣ
һĴըȵѪɣʧ˺ڰ硣


2545 
ͬھ
ϹŶַʽвʼħ֡
а񣬾ԱʽҲδʼħնɱ
벻ܰѱʱƵ̶ֳȡ
ܵشȣһͷ­Ҫը顣
ӿһħ֣ԼıըǾֱա
̫µĻʼħ֣ѹơ
ڻָɱ
ˡ
ಣ
д񼣡֮
ߣ̫ˣ
͵һڶ˵ڶ֮УǱըͷ­壬ոӿħںϣ˿ھ޷ٶȻָ
ϹŶٶȱǺڶҪһЩлǻ˺ڶǺڶٶȷˣϹŶ߶ѹȥ

֪
ȾȻźڶӿ˵ĵطѾȬϺɫƼһƬԼɫ棬񼣡
һƬռ䶼ڶ֮У˫ƿһС
ȳûΧռ䣬һڽһڣѿռ仯ΪŵĺһٶܵӰ죬ȴɿֲ
ͻȻ䣬һڶٴγΧ
һΣ
ԴͻϮʱ߶񼣵Ϲڶ԰ĺڶίʵ죬ʱ̶֣ܳԳΪҲԳΪһַ
ںڶ֮еϹŶԸ֪ȵĶȻȾʱ򣬲ͷŵĹڹǰͻȻһɫƼ׵ѴһƬ顣
£ȵһס񼣡һס񼣣Ѹ͵ط񼣾ռ䣬ռײ
ȻԶ񼣣ȴײʧȥƽ⣬ȵ巭ڡתѴײ飬񼣵ķѾȫʧֱ񼣱ײ
ǰΪңΪʳ࣬Ҫͨв㣬ǵ츳ǵ츳Ŀǣ
ռ䲻ײ飡
ȵ徹ȻݷȥҪȥײݡ
۹֣ͨ޷ȥ
ޱȵģ㿴ݣʧȥ˷Ǿ޷ױݣҪײǵ񼣶𣡡
ǡ
ֻһˣ
׷·ܿݵӡ
ػȼ񼣣
ӡ֮ڲȼ
ಣ
Ӱֱ񼣷ɳ񼣵ػߡ
񼣵Ҳȫ߶񼣵ʱֱ̣񼣹⻷ȵȥ
䣡
Ȼ㣬ȫ񼣣Ҳ޷㣬ػȫУըɿѪȱ󶼸ըûˡ
Ҫ
ʹͻȻ壬Էײ

޵Уײͬʱһ̼˲̶ͬȵ飬񼣣ʮƺۡ
Ƚһڣգۼ໥ײײָഥĿĵĺۼ

񼣣ֹ£ȫӲ빥
ػ߸ղͷǿ󹥻֮Ҳƣ֮Уδȴش
ʱ۾Ȼȼ˫ֻӳ񼣾ȻΪƬ״̬

գۼ䣬񼣵Ƭӿȵ壬ס񼣵Ĵ죬Ҳͬʱ벻񼣵Ƭ
ץסᣡ
۴һҲһƬƬ֮УʱеƬںϣͳͳΪ͸״̬
⣡
ȣͻȻԼһԴãƤԴΧ۵âȥѪ֮У󺧣ʲô
֣ˣ
ȵǿʱѱˡ
ʱ˿ǿǾԵնɱһȥ񼣣䡣
ʩչںϣտסһ塣
һ嶼ˡ
ģһĻ֪ζʲôȼ񼣵ĹâΧػϡ
ػͷųâȵһԴס˫ץµȼ񼣹âΪһħֱ񼣲סȥ
ʯ٣
䣡
ȱػ߹סԴȻһ𣬽ػ߾Ȼˡ
Եѻ֮ϡ
ȵİ壬౻ƣ֮һһͬ顣
ûѪȴȼյâ
ȵѪǰȻˣѪ졣
Ҳˣ׻Ϊ˳
ˣ
۵ػߣȻһͷʹԴ
һȵԴĿӡ
񼣵ػߣȴ汻ȵĶѪʴ
𣡡
һ̣ҲΪ޵ƬںϣΪһ̫ӣתȻŵİӺȥ
׻ֻḴ
һ۵Ͱװ˷ˡ
Լ񼣡
Ҫᣡ
Ҳ벻Ǳģ̫Сʵ˭Ҳ벻ںϣ˳
ſ죬þҧײ̫֮ϡ
̫ʥصƣȵȻ飬Ǻ󲿷
񼣴ػߣһһǰһȵԴûˣҲѪģ
ˣˣ
̫ӻʧȥâػһͬȥ˵壬һȵѪǰΧһЩԣۿʪˡ
ϹŶԸһʼħ֣䣬Ĺ飬䡣
ʤ
ʤˣնɱȣȴ˳صĴۣ
ɱߣ㻹ܻ
ָƽΧռ仹ںϣֻٶȷǳĿռƬƶ
ո뽫ħѪѹ֪󷽳һ
˲䣬ɫתգһڶˣгһӰ
һʼħ֣λֵܣҲҪǼˣ
ס
ڶֵˣ
λ˾ȡߣ
ĳַ·Χռ䶼ƿ֮УԿռƿ
ĮһЦԶŴսû㣬ˣˣڱʵҲԩ
ףҪɱңҲףҲͬ࣬Ҳõһ³
ɲʱӡ֮󣬵񼣳ˡ
ˣ̫ǿˣ¡
񼣳֣ƯգػҲˡ
ػ߼ȫûаա
޷սʤҲҪȥܹʱȼճâ֮Ҳȼճ˻档
ಣ
˹δʩչڶԼоҪ񼣽֡
Ҫֹ㣡
ȼյȼյںϣػҲΪӰ
񼣲ϵͷâ貵Ļ濪ʼ񼣣ڵӡ֮Χгʡ
ЩǴڵͨ£𽥳Ϊľʯÿһʯһ޴ʵںˡ


2546 
ΪЩ赲ʣƵ
ΧЩʯҲ˵ޱȾ˵ͨɶ˵һҲ
ಣ
ָһһʯӰ׹
ͷͿ콫Уұָ˾ʯ֮ϣһ˴ľʯ׻顣
ಣ
ĿһĻ·֪жǿ
ʱʯ򼫷
ڼһ˫ȭײľʯһȭһȭ飬ڳ֮ǰС
ѹ
ֽӡΧɳľʯͻȻںһ𣬻Ϊһ
ǴԪȷвʣͨԱ˵ֻЦ
ͬɢϿ޴ȴЦĺܹ졣

ôռһ㽫ռ䶼ƣɼжֲ
ӿһɰ⣬ͻȻһ·һץסȻѸ͵һ˦
̫ˣ˶޷Ȱ
ܻں˿ռͨ츳֮˲˼׵֮С
ǿֵز𣿡
סǿĹȴδԻʼħִһѹ
ػ߻Ϊʵ壬ڵǰˣּħ̫ǿˣֻоʩչȫһп⣡
Բס㣬ԲסЩѪ񼣵ѡ
ѡ
ˣǲʹҲʹվǾϣˣǲټ֤¼ԪĵŽ񣬻Ὣǵ־¼Ԫȥ˵ʱǻ
ػ˵꣬ȼڲһʣȼˡ
ã
ʩչʯ򼫷赲Ĳ
λһرǿĻʼħ֣ģҪСˡ¼Ԫδǻ棡
һ־Ӱӵ񼣺󷽷ɳ
ʱ˿̣񼣵״̬ˣΪ̫ӡ
̫Ҳǵ񼣵ıҲǿ̬ͨ
֮󣬵ҲΪ˿״̬ӿ̫֮С
鷳£֪նɱһնɱ
·ֻ棬ǲмıʱʧȡ֮ء
ˣ
Ϊʮɴ̫ӣһ񼣵дԴԼ־
Ȼͬʯ뼫ϯȥ
ˣҲὫ㳹׻飡
Ҳӡʼħ־ǲһͬһ˵
֮˺ɫ棬ں˫ȭ֮ϣ˳̫ӣ˫ȭһȼյĺʵɫ棬ҲΪȭӡ
䣡
߿գӽݵĿռ䡣
̫뼫ĺɫȭӡײһ
ٿ
ضƣ֮˷ǿռ仹ʣΧĿռʣգ۾ͻΪݣȻ˲
䣡
ռַ˴ըɱըֽΧĴռ䣬ը֧顣

ռ䡣
ͻȻǺڰ߿գͻȻһƬ
綼Ǳ״̬£ƺ˴ϣħɱһĴ
ΨĴϹŶû˿ɫǷ·˵뼫նԾһĻ
ǳĬˣ
ٽȱڱݵĸ߿ա
ˣ
ըɢһƬնΪŵա
԰Ļߣв˿ڣȻվڸ߿ա
ǰ̫ӣǵ
ۼ飬ƺһ塣
򼫣ɱҰɣ޷ֹ㣬ֹܻ㣬ѹԼİ壡
ʱҲ޷Ǹ㣬ǿߣҰĸҪʳ֪㣬ͶһֻĿܣ۰ɣ
һڵͷ
һɺڰľɢ͸ÿ䣬һ£㲻ˣͬһƯ
ڼץסԴŴȥ
磡
ĵ׶綼Ǻ
ȥããһƬ
յĺӶ˱״̬
ڱ֮ϣվԶˮ֣һͷ㣬Ҳ޷УռĶ治֪γ˾޴ġ
ǧˮ֣ڱ֮ϵȴţ֮иˮֶУͬûһֻǿ
֮С
纺֮Χ͸޺
ҶƯһԣͷ֮Լʣ׵纺ˮ㣬ˮҲҪ⡣
ʱҶ纺ͬʱۣԺ˵ӰӣԼĻ档
Ҷ쳤̾λǰˣΪĽ磬Ϊ
Щ̫졭޷ܣ纺Ҳ¶˵ɫ
ͨ壬ȥƣߵɣ
ְѵĻ棬ͨ塣
ͨƿʧ硣
ǻ𣿡纺ȻҶȡ
֪Ҳ㣬һԹ¶гƣ硭Լˣ
ʱ˿̣ҶͻȻ纺§뻳ˣҪúûţžҵ־ϣ
纺⣺Ϊʲôţ
Ӧûš˵ˣǰڷԸֵˣ죬̩ӣɽǿУҲ¹Ҳɵ˵Բأһĵģ
ʲôʱҶΪ㣬Ҳ㣡
ǼӰѾȻȥϣ
Ҷ纺վһһͬӡˮ糹ױ⡣
·ЩԶˮ·Ҳܴ϶֮У𼴽ǵĿԽԽ׶
磡
Ҷȵڶͨ壬磬;Ȼܼˡʹ߾ۼ
ܿͨ
ڤڹͨʱĹ磬ڲռ䣬Ƿˡˡ
ϹŶˣ
ڤӷ죬ĬһͨԵ׷׵֮С
ʱ˿̣ҪȻ֪ơ
ϹŶ
ϹŶɱڤعϹŶҲ޷赲ϹŶƻ
ǿĴڣȴڰ֮С
ȣ֮еĻʼħ̫֡ǿˣ־֮УǸնɱ۵ǿħ֡

ħնɱϹŶҲϡ
ȷıҲ赲ǣڤϾ˵һҵҪȫսҪһ֣밵ָ£
磡
һԶս
Ҷȵͨս֮У߶龻־ս
ƿ𣺡һûϹŶģ
һӶ
ϹŶˣǱǿҶ˵ĺܶԣǱҪԼ׼ã밵彻֣Ҳû壡𷴶
ϴɩ׼Σƿͨ塣
Ҫһʱܳױˮ򣬰ڵɱĽѾľþΪ뾡취赲壡
˲ˬ
ƲƲ죬ӿӡٶȡ
ҶǰķᣬںϵūΪѪħ
ЩѪħ̫ˣԸħֵԶķʽҲԸһ
Ҫľǵ


2547 ʽɱ
죬ȱһµĴƬʱա
񡢷Ѫĸ뷲ʥĴף߶ϵ񼣣֧ʧȥ־Ĵ졣
Ĵ˾˵
Χһսħʬ塢ʬɢš
ʮϹŶµǿߣԼǿߣֻʣһˣǧħҲֻʣһ롣
ħͬ࣬Ϊħ֣̫ǿˣҺǿߣӵʵľͷһǿߣԸЩħȻףҲܻħɱ·ʱա
ĴϹŶȻûг֣ɴ߶񼣳ƿսĿռʹӵ䣬ҲףϾʧȥһС
ʧȥƿص״̬£ĴҪҪԼԼ񼣵
ĴҲеڣͿ赲塣
ȱ֮⡣
ŵ֮УͻȻħ֣ڹݵħ֣һͬӿ
ˣĽ֮ħ֡
жħ֣ǲ֪ģ˿̣֮еĻߣŵĴڶռ䡣
ƺںٹĽаħ֣·𡭡Ҫ෢ս
ںڶ֮£ȴ꣡
ڣħֳˣ
ħְڰŵʱգħζһĻ̫ˡ
ʣ
һħֳˣ
ħ֣ٶˡ
Ȼڼĺ󷽣ֳһڶǺڶ֮гʮһӰ
Ƿ٣ʮ˶ģϢ١һǿġ
Ƕǻʼڡ
ߣ
ٶħ֣˺󣬵ȼʮһһһͬ
뼫һλ߳ȻǵλߵĴڡ
ٶ񣺡֣֡ĸʽ෢ܹ󻤷ȴŴɱ룡
ã
󻤷һͬתٶħ֣ԼħִʲôҲû˵һͳıħ󻤷ȱڷȥ
٣ڰֻʣ·٣ԶŴսĸˣǵĻĸѾ˽ĽһΡĸȬˣ弴Լ磡
תǺڰڶ֮С
ȱ޴ΧһƬģѾͬˮӿޱߵ֮С
ٶħ֣ħִ˲ƵĴ졣
ϢŨҵϢ
ʧȥƿϴʷ뿪Ҳ޷ǰӦһС
ڣվ֮еɫء
ಣ
ɱħ֣ʣǧͷħ֣ʱ׷׶ڶ֮С
ôˣѵˣ
ҧ˲һΧɱħ֡
ħʧȥƺڳˣ¶˼ЦݣѾƴĶﵽ˱Ե
޷ټȥ

֪񼣷˳
ٿҲͬʱսϿգͻȻһĻĺڶС
ֱӽ٣ſռĴ񼣶Уռһڰ硣
֮Уʧȥƽ⣬ŵö֪˺¡
ͻȻһͷͷħֳˣ̫ˣסһ󣬽˺ķѡ
ôħ֣
󲿷ȫ£ﶼħֱ֣ħ硣
ɱˣ
ʥһХ
ڶпռ䣬Ҫ
ȷɳ
Ѫĸʥһͬ߶񼣡
ĴڴʱͻȻ֣ͷųױȵâ
âںڶ֮УʼûпµĻֻоڰųڰơ
䣡ȱ֮£ͻȻֵĴڶͬڶд籩ʱвͻȻһâԵؽд籩ضϡ
о巢飡
âɳǱ񣡴籩Դݿ֮ƣ˲ˣĪֺѹѹؾʽ˴߿ա
ѪƷ񼣣㵵ܼİҲϾȻǰɱˣ
·ף
ʥַ
ô죿
ŵöΧļôһĻ˵ǣĴϹŶҲδôİ塣
һǧͷħ֣ͿԻݡ
ͷħ־ɱ˴󲿷ֵͷ
ͷħִ֣ʣµļ붼ǵ³ʲô
ʱʮһʼħ֣ڼ󻤷£سֳǿҲˡ
ĿϣΪľͷڻлЩ࣬ǰʾǻҪΪҰū
ū
Χŵɪɪ񣬺Ȼ񶼿ĴϹŶǵĺ¾Ȼʧ
ÿһϹŶūԸԼ磬Űںڰ磬Żʲô˼ಣ
ʱһӰ
˵̫ԪۣȴԨ۾
ԪۿĴϹŶʹĳХλ۾ˣ
ϹŶ䣡Ԩ۾

֪ˣ
ĴϹŶĬĬףӭϹŶع顣
Ϣɶ˵Ĵ
˺ȥ·ռ䣬ռ밵һս̫Ԫۻع
һ̫
ϹŶͷһһ·ȥ
ûãֻˣŴȥѾ
ռ䡣
˾ˮ֮ǬĪ졢Ͼʿʥ桢ɷš̫ʼס˻סࡢֶۡۡն졢ꡢٻҶˡӦ顢ף񷡣
Щףʮ
ʮЩǿߣһڴľͷ
׿ʼ߶󷨣ʱ񼣱£ٵشӸ߿ճ֮г֡
ݲǸˣħֺѹѹسˣʱ񶼵һںҲǰδеࡣ
찡
ռ֮⣬񷣡ϹŶߣԼ񿴵ħֳ֣𺳵˵˵ǽ֣ǿħִѾŵľս
λˣ
ƣϹŶڸ߿ںϣʮħִûһȵס
񷢳̫źһսǼֲסħ־ͻɱĽ磬ʱ硢ɽ硢һУΪħֵʳ
ɱ
ڸ߿գڴʱ˿̣ħִ·˽
ʮһʼǿٶǿ߳⣬ħ
񿴵һĻͷųâΣٴ˵սΪĽ磬ҲΪ赲ħ֣
ǣ
âһں֮УʱһƬµâ֮⣬ħִȥ
ಣ
ħһռƬ
Ƭ̫ˣҶԴĿռ䡣
䣡âƬײһ𣬴ռٴ飬Χޱߵıݣܵײ
ҡ֮м֣ħڱը֮׶ɱ
һƬâ֮ħִȥش
ħִ̫ƻˣһڶúڶγһƬ磬Ϊ
ͻͻͻʧȥ˴죬ʧȥ־ʡƿأǰ͡
ħֵȴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ز
Ƭڰâ


2548 ج
ħִٴν˺顣
ħִµж
Ǳ赲ƺȥ׷׶ڶ֮Уſռ󲿷֮УһͷͷħɲʱΧ֣Ϸռ䡣

ħֵĿռͷħֳΧŷ빥ҧȥ
ˣ
ʮףƯϷ롣
ûȥΧħ֣ٶħ֣Լʮһʼħ֡
ħ֣ʮһʼħ֣Ƕôǿ֮ǰʼħ֣ȡ𣬾ߴϹŶ䡣
ȴͻȻʮһʼϹŶᣡ
󻤷ͻȻֹס꣺˷ʱɱȥࡢĽģ
ɣ
جˣ
̫̫𡢷Ѫĸʥ˾ˮ֮ǬĪ졢Ͼʿʥ桢ɷš̫ʼס˻סࡢֶۡۡն졢ꡢٻҶˡӦԼףⰵ統ǰһɱ
Ȼħɱһ
ڴˣ󻤷к꣬ͬʱµĹſ죬һɿµ
̫޴ˣȱĴռ仹Ҫ̫ࡣ
ôˣҪ𣿡
ļ˿µУϷնסоǴʱΪһͷħ֣Ҫɡ
ڰ
һĻͰһ̴ƺԶʧˡ
˳ͷų񼣣âʱУ˳˺ڰ롣
۸ߺʮףǣסĽ磡

ףϹŶ½ǣ
һͬ߶ʱγ˺ϽҧΧռ飬˺֮ۿҪʮɡ
ٿ
һâĹâ˺ڰ
ʮ緢γһ𣬻鲻֮
˵ǽһ׼˶꣬ɵɱǻٻ޷š
ڲЩʱ򣬶밵֮ս
ͷ񼣵пռһƬӣпռ仹ڵռ䣬Χռ䶼γ״̬
ӡʱҲʼ飬˿ҲֵסϷ
䣡һ̣֮ˡ
ĩհ
Ưֻ͸ռ󷨣ڲúڰ֪澿ʲô״
飬ڼ˺ڰ
˴ħΧ񣬾һףһ񼣣ħֹ֮Уȥ·쵽׼ħ֡
Һ֮ǰͶסռ䣬ͷħͻɱ磡ħûɱȴȴâԽԽϷռ䣬졣
Ͽա
Ϊ⣬Ƕħʵ̫ģҲ֪ڵȫһԶģ
ҿЩ໹ֶܼã䳰ٶħ֣ӻ֮
Щħһͷйһпռ˺ĿռʻͳͳʱΪʳ
ǣ
ս֮ȻǿԶҲĲҲǳԽĿơ
ĸ򣬶ħ־һͷѣҪͷĸʢʳ
ͻͻͻ
пռ֮УʮһԿ񼣵Ʋϵر飬ǻǴ߶ϹŶǷϷ
ɶİ壬Ҫ˺飡
ͻȻ䣬һ״߶񼣣Ӫ֮УѸ͵ضԷȥ
ʥ
ϹŶû뵽ʱʧȥǶɱϿա
ʥͷ񼣣ʱͬٺڰ
ĿᶨûϹŶȰԴ߶񼣣ǿг忪֮ܿܵѹԽԽֲٶԽԽ
񼣣һ
һӰʼħ֣һʼħַ񼣣
ɱ
ʥͷȼգҲȼգֱǻʼħײȥ
ʼħһȭҲȼźɫ棬Ҳͷų˿µ
ħֵٶȳգ֮ʣʼħֵȭͷһȭ񼣲Ϻˡ
ں֮Уʼ飬޷赲
ۣʥ䣬ͷ
Ѿ飡
ͣ
֪ʲôʱƬ֮УһֻʥţȻץ˳һȥ
ʥ
ǧ·׿һĻ޲飬ҲΪ£û˿Ծȵʥ
ʧȥʥͷһ񣬻Ľ磬ٴνӡ忪ʼԱ
Ǳõʳ
ǻʼħһſ죬ʥתط߿ա
ʥһף׾ͱһʼħնɱ
ϹŶ˭һ̣ûбʹ֮еǿߡͷԼ񼣣Ȼڻʼħǰ˵䡣
ÿһλףÿһλػߡڴʱĬˣҲûж룬ֻһͷսȥ
Ȼֻ·һʱ֮⣡
ħҪֿ¿ռ䡢ռ䣬ԸȥôĵĹǰ壿벻ʵڽиӿֲĹ
ʮһʼħ֣ƯϷȻͷųޱȿֲıƬ
ݵƬ鶼ǣеļɴеĺСҲеİɾ޴֮һƬǱƬ
񼣺ܼ̣ݻҪӼ̰ɣ
ɭɭЦԭжԸֶΡ
ֵ컹δʧҪǴ飬Ը࣡

ʼħֶܵ⣬żʿƴƬ𽥵ؽռ䣬漴ʮһʼħ֣ͬʱһ
Ƭо⡢ȥʼħһ磬ǱƬͬǳпռ׹ȥ
Ȼħռ䡢ΧԼλף޷ӦΣա
Ȼ䣬һƬڰӰٵ׹
ʲô
̫𿴵˴һƬڰӰӡ
ԪüͷСģӦħַͻϮ
ȻӰϷڿ񼣣Կ֮ϹŶſЩӰ
ݣݵƬ
⡭ǣ
Ƭ̣벻ħֻƬǣݵӲġ
ϹŶæش߶񼣣â֣ץƬ
䣡һЩƬȷϹŶˣǸƬǿƵ֮ϡ
໹дƬвתԾϹŶ·Լϯȥ
пռ֮УʱһƬ籩Ƭûˡ
ײըʮ׿ƵΧâĹâ˲ʧˡ
һЩƬ׹·֮ϡ
ɲʱ˴󷨷ƬҳһǳĿֻһṦķ󷨳ˡ
һЩ󣬻Ƭ
ЩƬӲȳ˴߶񼣵ףûԿ⡣


2549 
ʮ
пռͼƬƬͻȻʧҲͻȻֻƬ׹֮ǰпռ仹ҫ۵â
Ƭʧ֮â󲿷ֶʧˡ
ס
ϹŶ߶񼣣ͷųһЩâƵ񼣣һˣ˺üӡ
̫𡢺ԪۡѪĸ뷲ʥƵ񼣣ʵҲһһЩۼǿӡ
ô죬ܵԵƻ
··ЩףԼЩ񼣣ܼҲٳ顣
̫ޱϾĿ⣬ɨףǱɱȥħֵĹռ䣬ֻаķݣ
ĸͷãɱȥħֵĹƣƬпռʧͨɱһʤϣ
ͻͻͻ
ϹŶȸ񴫵ȻһͬһâϷвһӣ񼣷ȥ
Ҫɱˣ
߿գʮһʼħ־ȻƬβŸոա
񡢺Ԫ̫ۡ𡢷Ѫĸʥʴ˸·âƾҲǿ⣿
ҲգɱϹŶٶԸ׶ˣһߣ࣬ȴϹŶ֡
һƬâͻȻӿ񼣷âɵطɳڰС
ոշɳ񼣾ͣˡ
ϹŶû˱飬ΪΧǾ͵ڿ
Χٶ꣬ϹŶȻͷϷʮһʼħ
ϹŶ·ħֵĳѨͣϻڡ
ѪϹŶ׶༪١
ʥȵڴ밵ɱ񶼻䡭ǵס壬ǳ磬з
ѳʧȥ˴죡
ã糷ˣ
ʧȥ˴죬Ѿǰ磬ûƣҲͬϹŶ˲䴫ȥ
ಣ
ʮһʼħͻȻӿٶȣϹŶΧ
ƼԶһħ֣ǻʼħְ
ҵûħֵƬռ䣬磡
Ŀ⣬Ȼҫ
Ϊ֣ѵҪ߶е񼣣ϹŶ֪κһˣ޷ʮһʼħֵİΧ
һ޷ǲ࣡
οҪԸٶǿߣյĹ֮Ҳ
ʱȴҪϹŶҲĵֶΡ
ڻ
ϹŶӦȻΪݡ
ˣҲһ̣ݡ
ಣͬʱһ񼣳ˡ
̩񼣡ٳ񼣡Ԫʼ񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣵ףĩս֮ġ
ȻǼ񼣳ˡ
񼣡ħ񼣡񼣡񼣡񼣡
棬նɱ֮Ĵڣ֮ıҶУĿ䣬ĪصӪ
һ£Ȼʮһ񼣣ʮһ񼣰
ݣ񼣻Ϊֳʮһ񼣡
üͷɻĿħ֣ƥʲô
֪ħҲȻ
ħְƿ־Ĵڣ뵽ģ
޴ڡ
̫𡢺ԪۡѪĸʥ˵ȴʹࡣ
ͻͻͻ
ʧݣһͬʧ
һ̣ŵһĻˡ
ΧٶħڵգȻһŤ֮Ť֮âԼͨһʣһ޴ڵʡ
ƼЩŤʣɫ⣬뿪Ƭռ䣡
ҲʹͷһУ־ĥģ
ЩŤ졢͸ħֿռʣִ
䣡
Ѹ֮䣬һںϵĴըȥ·Ǵұըһٶħڿռ䣬һͬը
ЩеĶߣеĻδӦͱըˣһаڰû
ϣߺã
ϹŶͻȻӡ
ʮһǷǵ룬һ໥һϹŶ߶񼣣ƯʮһΧ
γһƬʱա
ΧԼ񼣣Լʮһ񼣵ĴըħɣΧޱߵĴռ䶼飬һƬһƬݡ
ը̫ˣħ·ռ䣬󲿷Ҳըʧ
ѹ
ʮһʼħ벻һˣȻӵĪֱϵˡ
˭Ҳ֪ȥʧģֻܿϹŶۿʪˣһ̣ҵҲشħĺ
ʮһħͷǱըϵתƣÿռƬѹơ
һĻϹŶ޲𺳣ʼǿߵȷǳֲ࣬ԶŴսʱڣôͷ䡣
ȥˣǵʮһ񼣵նɱʼħ֡
ըڳϹŶӵ˶ݵĻᡣ
ģҲûʱȥʹ࣬׷תʮһ񼣴â
ಣ
ʮһ֮Уʮһػߡ
ԪͷųԶΪص֮һ֮ʮһ֮Уػ־´﷨ͷնɱ壡
ǻ׷־ÿһػ߶Ӧ
˿̣Χըʼʧ
̫ˣΧޱߵĿռ䶼֧飬һЩħֵʬ壬ռƯš
󲿷ħ˲̶ͬȵشеѪģеֻһЩѪ
ɶ񣡡
ʼȻܵشϼ⿪ʼŤ
ʶͷźڰ֮⣬Щħɣɣͳͳɣ
Щ˵ħ֣ʼӿȥħ֣һһڰͬʬȥ
һЩ˵ħ֣ҲͬɣȻԸ⣬ǽܱͬɵˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ħֱˣʵøǿ
ȴٶһʣһٳͷ̴׷ɱ࣬ɱ֮Уѷݣͳͳƻ
ǣʣ
һٶͷǿ߳ˣ·
пռʧ˾״űʹ飬ΪĽȻ󱣻ʮ糷ˡ
ϴ߶赲ͷħ׷ɱķ֮УԾΪ׵ϹŶ½ͽ𡭡ԼķߣԼ䡢ǿߡ
ǻϣ𣿡
Ŵף磬Ƕϣħֵ׷ɱѴйâڸǡ
񿴲ϣδ
ͬʱҲؿ˴죬ڴ󲿷˵һҲ֪ʲôӡ
˿̵Ĵ죬յĴ졣
Զ顢׹䣬ʧҲʧȥյâ
Ǵҹ𣿲ⲻĴ죡ȫ湥ƴ죬֮⣬ɱ磬ôĽ罫׻𣬾ͬǴ˿Ĵ죬Ϊûзûʱգκ嶼޷
˾ˮ֮ף߶ͷâҲص硣


2550 ͻƻԪԪ
صһҪ£ϣ񼣼׵ͷųҫ۵âӿ֮С
ʱķݳΪӲӵ硣
䣡
ħɱˣĿռƬĽķֻҪɱ磬ĽͳΪ֮

һٶħҲˣ֮ЩǸӿµı塣
ǳ֮Ӿ޴Ƭݣһħֿʼſ죬ֱһһҧݡ
޷赲
ڰ廹޷ɱ磬־Եƣǻɱ֮ڵġ
˾ˮ֮ˣࡢ̫ʼ硢ףʼŴ󷨡
ʼҪԤɱ磡
֮ϣ
ǿĴڰɣ
ʮһʼħ֣ϹŶԼΧ롣
̫ЦֻûһôˣǰԴԼͬ࣬ûˣͱ໥ԵʧȥãΨһ˵ǣ಻Լͬ࣡
ʷЦӦֻ淨ˣʤ̭ûõֻܳΪǿߵʳǰ壡
ҪɱǣǻḶصĴۣԪ۹ϵĺȵ
ǰ˽⣬ʮһߵʵɲģ
ʴЦʣʱҲ࣬ĸҲʱ̶ή٣ʱǻδĽ硭ֻܰԼ׸ĸʣ
ǾȫͷԼһ񼣻𣡡
ʵͷͻȻˡ
Ҳһֻ˺
ֳӪʴĴߣʴ߳ں󷽡
ಣ
ͬʱӡ״̬ˣΪ˴δйľ޴ħ֣ڴͬʱʼħط󻤷
δ֣ʡʾͳֳǿս״̬
֣ȥ
Ԫ̫ۡ𡢷ѪĸʥȻϹŶȴҲδʼħɻʼħ֣
ֻʣ¼ʣ̫޴ˣǺƼһɶ೤ޱȣ͸Ű綼ĺ
࣬ɣ
󻤷˹
ֱϹŶι
䣡
ϹŶѾȫ߶񼣵ټʮһ񼣵ںϣһâħ֡
ʡһɹɺڰâԵػ飬գѾɱϹŶΧ
̫ǿˣ
ϹŶһоû˿Чħǿɱ
žžž
ǿڣϹŶڵΪ룬ſ壬ǺɫƼ׺â

ɫƼ׾ââһ󰵵顣
ҲһʩչͬĹ幥âŴҲһɫ棬â
ϹŶ˵رѹƣκιħ𲻵κá
ಣ
ħַѹϹŶ
ϹŶѡǴ񼣷˳Ҫػߺһͬħ֡
·Ч
׳֣ʡʷɢעֻϹŶܲħֵĶ֣ǾǸδ֪ˡ
֮⣡
ԪͷŹٶȣԼͨĺ֮⣬âֻΪ˹У׷żɱȥ

ЩȻ޷˵ʣƤ̫Ӳˣ񼣵ӲȲֻ࣬Ӳ֮¡
һϹŶǵĶ֣
˱𣡡
Ѫʱһֻˣˣ
˫˴򣬴һɻУлΪһֻˣץʡ
ˣҲǿߣǰ壬ǻ̫ԶˣΪ
һڰ֮⣬ͬˮһӾз
䣡
ħֺ󷽣һػ߷˹񼣵ߣǲʧȥƽ⡣
һս
Ŷأ
ĸ뷲ʥҲ˹ǰ߽ɶ೤ɫӣɲһĳӣǶȼգڷڡ

һںڰ籩籩öʧȥƽ⡣
̫ź쳾
ʥʻӳİɫâ
һƬһԸȻҲһԶԿ񼣣һҲԶԿϹŶ
ϹŶںϣħɱĲɿ
磡
֮⴦ħڹǲҧݣЩħָӿֲմĿռ䣬Կռײݡ
״£̲ƣ뷨򣬶ħֲϹ֮
ǰ취Ǹֵ˰壡
ʮһſ
ǼԦ񼣣Ưڱ֮£ҷ񷣬̫ʼཻ
㳲ǵȷǶ֣ɣϵǬʱ뿪ྐྵȻͬˡ
Ƿţ
֪ͨڻδö̫±֪
ãϵǬ
̫ʼƯֻ֮Уͷ
ʱ׶ȫԸ磬ûע⵽̫ʼĶ

ͻȻ䣬ɢ͸ȥ·Ӫ֮С
ڷͷŵâ֮УһǵŮںϡ
ξ
״ˣξݳޱ𾴡
ʱξĿ쳣Į·ȥߣֶͬţϤķߡ
Уֻࡣ
׼ռƻ£ĸڤ粻飬ΪȰΪҲֻһ취ĸףµ˵
ǣᰴƻ£
ξٴӦȻĿ⻺ָȻͷųͨͷųԼ
磬أ
ȻǷ棬ҲǴػˮ
޵ıԭˮվڱԭ֮Уຣ塢ʿҲΪĳڱԭ֮ϡ
ˮ
ٿ
һͷħͻȻҶΧ֡
ͷħ־Ҷ֮ǰѹħ֡
ϣһ·ߺãԸᾡɣ
벻ˡ
ҶöδعĿǰ֮УΪǿĴڡ
ʱ䣬ҶҪʱ䣬ҪĸʵҪ̤磬ȥ
ಣ
纺ơūҲԭ֮ϣ֮УǿľȻǳƣǵū
ҪħֵĲͻԪ죬ħգ֮󡭡ȥ֧Ԯ񣡡
ҶȿĴ֣ͷ֮ħ롣
һ龻ֳˣħʵؿʼȼգƤѪ⣬Ѫ⿪ʼΪ
ħΧ
ᡭ
ħҶҲʼԪԪ졣
о͵Ĵڡ
ڵľſԴʼںϣʧںϻԪ̫һ·ΪһľӨ״̬
ſԴϵɢȥΪƣںһ
֮У˴ĳЩɶǳԽԪĴڣǽʵʰĿֲ
Ԫǿ󣬻״̬ΪʵʣǴﵽԪ伫µĴڡ
ͣ
ĻԪʼȼ
ҶȲϽӡ֮ƬԴڴںϾȼ£ƬԴʼСΪһſԴĴ彫ڡ
ᣡ
ЩҶһֱħҶҲʱʱ̿ʹﵽԪ켫¡
ΰˮΪԭָˡ
ȼõʢ档
̫⡢޼˻סʮٵȼգ
Ҷȴһ˫һϣʱӿſâ֮С


2551 ֶ
ŵâʼᣬͷűݹâں£֮Ѹͼγ˾ſŽӲӵԴ
Դճɣ
Ӵ˿̿ʼҶʽ̤ԪԪ쾳磬һʹﵽ̫ڤ֮־硣
Ԫ죬һ֮ңľ磡
ٿǰͷħ֣ѳΪһѪɫա
ҶҲӿʱѾܸӦķ־ʧ˵԰ĹѾҪ޷ܡ
񷣡
ʮȫ߶񼣣ͷ֮УʹħڶʱݣӶɱ磡
ˣ
ȴ֪ǺգȴһӰڿݷ
ħ֣
һаħ֣ǳ֮УҲ֪ðġ
廹δɱ磬ȴħ֮УֻһܣЩħһɱ죬ͫնɱĽЩħ֡
벻ʱȴڰпݡ
ãȻûһλǡ
Ϊȫǡ
ٿ
ͻȻ䣬һͷͷħֿʼſ죬ͬ໥ʳ
һͷһͷʧȻһͷµħ֣ͷħֵҪЩһͽӽʼħ֡
ͻȻһڶವһС
һһգ񼣺󷽣߶ں񼣣ͨ£ҲʮֲֿģȻ԰Ѿ
࣬밵棡
һ̣ȴҪơ
һû񼣣Ų񷣬һµĺڶͬݡ

Щû󷽻пµħֳ֣ڶȻֱ֣ײݡ
ǡħ֣
ֹ
ͷʵٶȡԽͨħ֣ħֱ֣ҪݣΧһײŷ⡣
һЩͷ־Ҫֹħ֡
ħֲκӰ죬ײݷ
¡
׵ҲͬʱһħһݷƬ׹Ҳħ֡
ȴҲΪʱħַ·֪ͷħҪ͵Ϯ磬Աɲǣɱ֮С
䣡
׵Ҳȱ£Χɱħ֣ѱݷӡһЩħѾٿʼҧݣֻܵٶȷǳѡ
ħɱˣ
һĻһ֮ĺӪ֮Уڲ¶Ŀ⡣

һͷһͷڵħǰٿϷãͷ֮Уһ
ͣ
Ȼûնɱͷħ֣ȴǡ
Ԫ
һ񼣳֣ڲƯһˡ
Ӧ飡
ͷųɫĹЩͬķΧǼͷħ֡
ɱ磡
Ȼ͵ϮһħִģɱֶۡҶۡնΧɱ
ڴʱӪ֮УȻһЩԪʼΪŵÿʼ뿪ҺܿγЧӦ񶼿ʼߡ
ɱ
Ҳףɱ˿·
ɱ˲ƫǿʼħֽɱħ֣ռϷ硣
Ϸ׻ɱħ֣ԽԽ󣬹˶ãͻиħɱ
ħ֮Щħ֣ȻҲʼΧķݣһǿʼ˺顣
ֹɱ磡
˾˺󲿷׿ʼ
Զȥ׵âǹҪڰϷİ壬޵ʱգҪ̲
ԶԼӴ쳷ľͷҲʼ·Ŀռ俿
Ǻ󷽸ĻԪʼȴڲϵȻ뿪
ף
Ǭ񼣣ɫ쳣Ͼ
֪ǵ⣬ǣλף׼뿪
¶ЦݣҲһߣ

񼣵ףҲӪ
Ǭ˺һЩװģͷâҪӡϷǸʵͰͲ뿪
ͷһȥĸ׵񼣣ռƻж
֮У
ಣ
ξһԾ𣬲ٹ˼ͬš
ֶܿƿصһֶ࣬ǣҪ־ʱӡ̫ѡ
ôˣٻȥٴλɾ޴ĻƣֶȻӦξĵ
ξȻ񣺡ĸ״ˣЩһֱ޷ϣΨһźƽٽĽ磬㲢սɣ
ҵãҲһźɽ磬Ϊ˹˼칬ֻʦͽƣðźֲ
ֶ˵꣬һξ֮С
񼣣
Զ֮һȻססס֮֮ǰ죬۵ʵԶŴ֮Уֻڹ̫֮ڤ֮¡

ξ񼣿ռ䣬ֶԣĸףҽҵ־֮Уһ֮
ֶοףҸЦݡ
ξͷų⣬־ֶͷŵâ֮С
벻Щ꣬ܰɹֵز
ĸףŮôҲҪĸ״⣡
ԽԽŨң䣬ξ־֮УƯһЩ޵ķЩҲ͸ǿҵںξ֮Уֶ޷쳣
ֶһͷ񼣵ǿϣЩħ޷ɱ硣
ᣡ
ͻȻξһӡ
Щֶںϵ־ԼȻ仯Ϊһâֶ۵Ժ
񡭡񡭡ֶͻȻһ£ٽӡ嶼Զһ£ƶŵؿξ
͵Ϯף
ͻȻ䣬񼣿ռһӰӰ̫ǿˣ˲仯ΪξΧ
Ů
Ӱں䣬ξնɱֶȴֹӰ
ףɽ־ӰһΪһӣ񼣵ػߡ
㡢㡭ֶۿʪˡ
ξȴĮȻҡҡͷĸ״ˣǲ˼Ҵӻʼʵҵʶ󲿷ֶǸ״ģʶ󲿷ѱĨȥڵңʵֻͬ״ˣ
ֲ࣡зӡֶۺࡣ
֣
ξͫͷųһâ
־ֶƯֶǰΪã㿴磬ٿ죬ٿЩסѾûֵ壡
ֶŭȣף
Ϊ࣬ΪףԸҲŲʲôνġΡ־࣬ҾңΪʲôα˵Ŀ⣿
Ρ־״ڵ壡
ֻɵӲһףҴӷ翪ʼУһߵڣΪĿֻ֤꣬ԼΪףҲʸԣҲ׾Σν־ǰĲֵҪɣҪΪǿˣû˿ңҲУֻ磬еˣҪҹ£ҳ


2552 ϹŶ
ˣֱˣ
ⷬٿǷŴ˫ֶͫͻȻһëȻζ
⻹ʶ

ӿʼʹδʶࡱ
񼣵ػߣ𺳣״ˣףҪ縺׵ΣǰΪ䣡
һػߣûʸڱǰָָ㣡
ػͶȥ˵ơ
ֶۺȵ࣬ǰһǸƭңңʼΪһֻ˵һ˽Сˣ
СҲաҲգУֻҵļ˴ڣĽԻһпʧҵļ˲ʧ
ˣһֱûʸ֣㲻䣡
֣˵Щʲô壿߹·벻Ҳ޷ᣬ˵ԼŵĻҲҵˣܾŵӣҶȣ
ΪΣ
Ҵ֪ҶȵĹȥڷе֣ԭҲ֪һһ޷ƿ˵ķˣСϣͨԼŬнֳɾܻͣ۷壬Ǵӷ֪淨򣡡
ҶȲ㣬ֶΣ
˵ˣʵҲ˽õӣ֣ҲֶΣҶأһߵɱ˶ٵˣжٲֶͨδﵽģһɾˣܴӷߵ𣿡
ˣҲûŮˣҲûбѣһֱػļѣڴǰҵѡ˼縺Σ
ֻǶԵⲻһˣɷϣҶҲһΪĿģֶεˣֻǴһЩ֪зˣҾͲô¶Ҷȿֿѣ
ҵĵӣ
ʱˣ֣־ѱҷӡ޷ƷӡģΪΪףʵҽ֣
תȥξ˫ͫ
ĸ״ˣ߰ɣ
ξһӡֶȲѴ񼣣򴦴ǶƬĸ߿ա
ף
ػߺް취ֶֻ۱ƣҪǶξ֣ɱξҲһܽ⿪׵ķӡ
ξȷֶ۵ŮӲ֣ܳ
䣡
֮۵ĿͻȻһը
һΣħֶû˽һвٵıħ֣һЩͨħ֣øǿ
һʮͷħڿ·ռ֣ǽʧȥƿȻ˶ڣжȻ뿪
ಣ
һ֮Уʧˡ

Ǭա
һ
Ż̫ʼĪ졢ֶۡξ˹ߴڸ߿棬ңԶϿգǲϷŴĴﻹԿ֮⣬дħ
Ǭʵֱȥ
ȥɽ磬ɽ֮нһС磬һԿݵ磬նƽ٣
࿴д㣬ףҶɽ˽⣬ôףһ㣡
Ŷ
Ǭ治ѡ
ǿ԰ɽΪԴٽǵ磬ɽӵоŲʱգɽԶԹ֮Ϊ׵Ĵֵľɽ編ɽ˽Ųɽ֮պǿã
˾ɽ֮ɽ粻ʧȥ˷ƽ⣿
ֻܹԼ춼ˣ绹ֵܵ壿ʱǲΪԼ룬ʱҪΪʳ
һ󣬽Ŷͬİ취ɽ缱ٴȥ
죡
յռϷʱĴѾҲûյĹâ綼Ǻڰġ
ҴҲûбŴʱգĽ֮Ϣ
Ҳ˵ѳ׳Ϊ磬еʧˣʣµֻǴǡ
ôܼ𣿡
ŵС
ʮ֮У̫𡢺ԪۡѪĸʥһˣѪȾǵۡ
ٿʮ񼣣׵񼣣ʮһû񼣣ӣǱѡ
񼣣
ԪۿĴףٿʧȥâһ񼣣·Ҳûһ˿
డǰ磬ǿ棬Լеֻʲô棿
Ӱͷħ־Ӱ
Ȼֳ־ʼħ֣ڼʡʴ£һʼǿߣٴΰʮ񼣰Χ
ٿʮһʼħ֣ǾȻûˣֻǿȥЩƣ
ʮϹŶȴ֧顢˺ۡ
࣡
ɱһֱ֮ͫвƣЩ໹ֶΣͬھ
ǾͲܸǻᣡ
ɱ
ʮһʼħ֣Ӳͬɱʮ񼣡
ֹǣ
ѪȻϸ߿ա
ĴϹŶ벻Ѫɱȥ
ѪĴϹŶǿӣȴ̺Ӷ޷ȵǷޣҵָ죬ֵǣλץʱ䣬ҲҪмֵʮһͷħ֣ɱһǾͶһЩ࣡
ޱ𣡡
Ȼ䣬ѪһӡȻΪһͷˡ
ޣԶǿ֮һ
ںϣ
·һ񼣣Ѿʼȼյķ񼣡
ҪԱӵǰһɱ
ڻѪ

ѪͻȻͷ
ŷһͬΪһֻ޴Ļˡ
ֻ̫޴ˣ
޾棬նȼ
ɱ
ʮһߣӲͬһ˴һơ
ץʱ䣡
̫𡢺ԪۡĸʥͻȻӡ
ʱлħֶȥѹѪΨһĻᣬΨһֹħֵĻᣡ
һȼʮ񼣰״̬ʼ𣬻Ϊ棬ʼĴϹŶںϡ
ԼһλλػߣĸԸΪ׳һС
֮УȻԶӰӣ񼣵
ÿһӰЦݣͷ־Ԫ̫ۡ𡢶ĸʥڡ
ʱĴϹŶҲΪ˻

߿գ
Ѫں˷񼣣ȻֶΣԱķʽֹʮһʼħ֡
ʡʮһߵĴ֣ͬʱ˷ѪΪĻ֮ϡ
ʵֲ̫ˣ
ǵȻѹ÷ѪĻ޷ԱҸӿֲһĻں棬ʮһʼħֱӰѷѪԱԼڣɷѪ񼣵
ǰߵľֶΡ
һϹŶһ壬ںһ񼣵ԱȻʮһ߸ѹ
ɣ
˾ȻֻΪһΣʹķѪ
ԱǿѹڣǶôֲ¡
Ѫʹһ£徹Ȼ˺ˣƬʮһħ֣˴֮С

Ȼ䣡
ʮһħֵ·ȼյâںһڲԿԪ̫ۡ𡢶ĸʥˣ˫ȼյâȻĿ⣬ûһ˿־壬ֱǰ
⣬ɣ
ʵ
ǿѹƷѪԱĴϹŶԱɲǿѹġ
һײâ֮ϡ


2553 ɱĽ
䣡ϹŶȼյʮһͷŵ͵ײ
âͻͻײʮһϯ֮ƺɱȥ
໣
ħֳˡ
ǻûʡʵǰ޴һ𣬵âǰſҪâѹ
䣡ʱ˿̣â֮еĴϹŶ׷Ա
âȻײħֵϣǺѪģȻ󲿷âϯŴߡ
Ŵ߶¶˽ɫһͬͷųڰ棬γһ磬â˲ͽڰɡ
ڰŵĴ죬â
â񷣬;һ߻ħֵ𿪣û˺
һһͷߵҲ˦˳ͬûк
âٶͻȻҹâʧ
һȼյĻгֻ֣ʮһߣÿ˶һƣǼʡ
󻤷ԼǿĴϹŶ񼣵Ĺ
â֮УԪ̫ۡ𡢶ĸʥӰӣֳǷ׷״ϣ磬ȻһһΪ˻ҽ
ûкڣҲûʹ࣬ʧΪʥĴ죡ಣ
һͷնɱĻط˹
һ붼ʧһͷ­ҲˣǱϹŶ񼣵նɱ
Ŵ߿ʼʳħֵʬ壬ǿʼָ
ಣ
һ·ķ򣬷ʮħ֡
ʾŴߣͬʱһȻΪħֵı
һһſ죬һͷͷħÿһʳͷͨħ֣ʳֻ֮Ϊģ
õ䣬һ˲ָһЩ
λ߲ģϹŶǳҲûԵֵǣɱɱ磡
ȵӶʳ
󻤷ߴߣʼȥ
ʱΪΪʱգ֮ʼʻǷ統ȱڡ
ħȻ޷ɱ磬ڿΧ
ˣ
һЩħͻȻХ
ಣΧħ֣׷ɢ
ĻӴŴӰ
ħֲǳˡǰĻʼǿˣ
֮С
һЩ׼֮ħɢΪħֲּס㳷ˡ
Ŵ˾ľŴӰʱ֪ô¡
ɱˣôôϹŶ
˰
׺סΨһı𺳡
֮гֵľŴߣ쳣ʹ˵赲ߵϹŶѾ䡣
ΪʧȥһУҲ޷Ӧ
֪ˣ޲ء
˾ع߶񼣣ͷų޵ʥâʮλϹŶʵǵŵԣΪࡢΪĽֵ壬칲ֵˣŽһģܱ磡
磡
ÿһףõȱ־ĴУҪͬϹŶΨһĽ硣
һ·ϹŶǣڵ񣬶ǻԪͷͷ
ƾ޷赲ǵģ
ʡʴߴϷɱʮϹŶҲ׷
ٿ
ŴͻȻǿһһӿݡ
ˣ
״߶񼣣ͷųױȵâӿ֮С
ԾŴߵȻһƬݷȻŴٴһ
䣡ʮݷȻ顣
໣
͵ȴħִʱݳ飬Ƭ֮Уɱ֮С
һ̣׻ıݣħſ죬ɱ֮С
񼣶ƬûˣŴߵħֵϣֱǹס
ڰǰ̫Сˣ
ɱ
ǳɱħ֣һЩħֽ磬ڶڶˣǳ׽磬֪ȥ˺η
ʣµħħΪףʼ׽档
䣡
֮Ужʮâڱܡ
ˣ
ʮ˱˳ֱӳȱ֮ǾŴߡ
ĴڣԶŴսͱɱˣȻлģ
ôЩô赲𣿳ǾŻ΢΢γһв
߲мһˡ
䣡
ԭʮûг磬֪ɱ磬Ǵʱգ͵ڽħֵ磬Ψ֮ڣǲơ
顢ʥžˣץһƬֱŴߡ
ħ˿Ҵ⣬һȭһȭֹǵƬմ飬ǵԶԶ˾
ǿߣ
һ񼣳Ƭ֮С
񼣣
˾Ư֮УȻٻ֮гһǿߣԿ峤
첿ͼ²»峤Χһٶ֣ǶԺǿߡ
Ϣ
Ŵ˾߷񼣣ֽӡһâ
ϰٵâںϣںһٴ֮ͷţһзɳֱӷڣ
壡
Ŵ߼񼣣¶ɱ֮⣬Ϊһ֮еĴڣǰв
Х
ӰоŴߣûҲˣȴһ顣
ˮ֮Χ
ˮ֮Ԧ񼣳ˣŴ߶񼣣һ˿âӣ޾񷡣

һ׳ˡ
Ͼʿ
Ԧ񼣶ͷųɫâȻ߶ЩâΪһϯ֮⡣
ȭ
һ񼣸ֶڲǲ
һȭں񼣵һʱɽӵȭӡɳںڰ֮кɡ
ЩҲܰ۰
Ŵ벻֮ǰɱʮϹŶǿߣΪ಻赲ǣϧЩȻǰ

ʶˣһռƬλͷŵ̫ˣ̾ͽ׵顣
򣡡

붫ʤ񼣣նƯ֮УȻһͬ½ţߣͬʱԼͨںϡ
һһһһһһںϣʱһƬҫ۵ĵâγɵ磬
Ϊĵˣԭ񼣣
΢΢һóƬĻԣȻǿ󣬵ȥв
׳ɳǰ޴в
һ߷ɳſһ磬һƬڰ뵶֮Уջ١
˿̣
⼸ףʱȱǰֹŴߣ׶·ΧʱգħΧɱֹ󲿷ħ͸
治𣡡
֮У
ϹŶȡףǴ赲һħ֡
оյϹŶ棡úǰ߿գħɱЩͷ˾˱ը
˺ѽ
һӪǧߴ죬һͬ߶ʵ
ʱ˿̣£ںʵ˳̫ͻˣ׵ĹâҲ޷ڸǡ
޵ˡ߾ϹŶΪףٴδ߶
ݣ
ǰռһ˺ѽ
ȥ֮ͬҹͻȻıס


2554 Ҷɱ
ߵŷںþ޵У˺ѵıϯգͷħ֣˺Ƭ
һЩħȴǳƻøַʽ赲߹
ʱһΧգжٵħɱ֮УӪƣϹŶԼԴǿħɱһŵʧǣǶԣ޷սʤ
ƣ
֮⣡
ΧʡʾŴ߱˾Ͼʿʱ赲棬һʱ޷ɱ硣
ŴĿ֮ϣССֹǣβݷٴƻ
ɲʱһֲǹǽƬһһ俪ֿʼ飬ҴʼٶԽԽ졣
һ編־Ҳ⵽ƻʧȥãô֮Уûκơ
࣬ǻֶܼãʴŰ˴ߣѽִһƬǿɱ硣
˾Ļʡӿ죬һ̣ױ顣
Ҳ䣬ʮϹŶǹͬŬ޷赲塣
˾ոߺ߶󷨹Ŵħ赲棬Ҫɱ񽫻𣡡
ɱ
Ŵʽ硣
ٿ
߶󷨡
֪
һæգһԾ
â˺ڰݴ⡣
׻ˣ
һ۾ϳ˹
Ľ֮У־Ĺ񿪱ʱգ˷Ĺѵʱ򣬳ǰ
Ҫռ䡣
ಣ
Ҷơ𡢵ūʱڴ˾ϾʿնϿա
ն졢ӭȥֵܣ̫ʱˣ
Ҷȿλֵܣ˾սףͷų־һЩ
µĹף
ŴҲ֮ڣݴͬһ߶ȣʡʲмɨҶȣҶΪˡ
ʼħ֣䣬ҶơĿ⣬ǾŴɫ׷һնɱʮϹŶħֻߡ
أ
ҶȴδַٵټһֱڵޣںʧھŴħ֮УûзٵӰӡ
ȭͷаĺߵϴҪʼˣ
ԸŴ߿ɲ򵥣ϹŶǵĶ֣
ʱ˾Ͼʿˮ֮񡢲ҲҶȵΧһ񼣷˹
񼣣
ʩһ֣ͬԸŴߣ
Ҷؿţʱ֤ҪףҶָӦףʱɻ֣λֲҪףסֻأ
ϴҲˣղŰʱҲûǵϢˣɭɭʵ
˾ҲһΪһȥΧֹħɱ磬Ҳû⣬ڸӦǵȷʧˣסֻףĪ졢סǬ
ʦҲҶȴʧɫȻΡ
ҲҲ뿪
벻׵ʱ򣬷ȴˣ֮ǰҰнҪ˼޷ֹ壬ֻ׵뿪磬½翪أⳡƽ٣
ˮ֮󺧣˵Ǳ񣡡

ĬųĬˣͷһ㣬δʱ͸¶
ҲŻΪǸף̫ʼȻ½֮С
أ̶ʱ̫ʼĳɳͳԤϣնԷҪˡ
һ룬겻ѡ
սڼЩҲ̫ǵĴ˰ɣ
ʱ˿̣ʴߴߣһ񿿽
λ
޲ɱڣҶȿˣɱ磬ֵǣֻһİ壬뺣·ˮΪ󷨣شȻٿȥɽ磬ɽ֮칥ƣԼȻ޷赲壬ҪȱıҲ赲壡
ɱ
Ŵ߷˹
Ҷ˵֮ж¶˾ϲٴȼϣҶȵļƻȷԶԸ塣
ǣ׳ǵ
һͻȻתԾŴߡ
ҶȡơͬʱͷųԵ񼣣ˣ
ǧߣǿߣһԸΧħ֣һһͷŶȥ
ˮ֮ϾؿңͷŹԵ̫Կˣ
˾Ͼʿս׷ԹΪģ
ף
ʣµףҶȡ
Ȼһ񼣵ʼҫ۵â񼣡񼣵ȵȣâںҶȵĹΧ
ŴѾѹȶҶϣĿʱڹ֮ϣ֮񡭡񼣣Ǿû˹֮񣡡
ߡ޽ߡ־
ҶȿʼΧ׵γɵӪ֮УҶȽӡΧЩƬ֮У˴ʡ
ݣ
ЩʶʱΪµĽΪ󣬺ƺƵϯŴߡ
׾Ȼǰ֮ٶȣҪ˰
ҲߵϢ
ȫ벻ҶȻô˲䣬˺嫵ĹƣǴ߶֮
䣡
һħͷŹռƬǿлһʾ޽޽һδεĴ飡ߣ
仯ˣӿֵʾȻǽ
ǻΪһҶȣ
ɷߵ֮ںϣΪһҶȣǴɱŴߣǱ֮
Ͼʿˮ֮޷Լ۾
ǰϹŶ֮ʣ
ɢսЩףҲ㣬ǲ֪ΪҶȻӵзߵ
ôף
𡢻ǸֽԸŴߣŴΧ֮УÿһʵﵽҲҴ⡣
ʱʹñǿҶȣٴδﵽ۷壬δӴ۷壬һܣս޲ʤĸо
Ȼ赲˾Ŵߡ
񶼾ò˼飬ҶǴλڻ밵ƴƣһش壬ѱ飬޷ӡҲͬһʧ
ҲЦеĵΪ⣺ٺ٣ϴ˼ܼ򵥣ϵɽģ죬Ϊ赲
Ҳ˵ǿԵֵ壬һ𣡡
ǰѱ飬ʶʧʵѾʧȥ磬ٰɱ粻ͬʱգǵºܴܿڲһش磡
ȻˣǾȥɽ׼
˾Ҳ˾ϡ
ϾʿֹжһֹŴߣնɱһЩħ֣״Ųȥɽ磬Լ磬繥ƣҲȥײ㣬뺣ϣ߶ˮĴ󣡡
ֻһףаյֵЩħ𣿡ŵĵ
û£׵ס壬뾡취绹ԿƵ֮Ը壡
Ҷͦ
ǺãǷֹ£
˾ˮ֮Ͼʿһͬתȥ


2555 ʥ
Ҷ
׳ˣۡӦ顢ġꡢٻˣ½ףҲɱˡ
ҶΪӪԷ硢ɽķߣۼ
ףһ뿪硣
޵ǿߣʣȻ·ʱգħ֣ΪҶȵ׼ѹ
žžž
ΪһȥҶƿ࣬Ŵ߻һߣֱɣһǿ
Ψй棬ڰ֮Ҵ߶򣡡
Ȼ䣬ʮױ׷˭֪Ŵߵ˵ˣһҲԶԸ
ҶٴȻ޽ߡߡߡߡֻߴ߶˳ȥͻȻ䣬ҶȸоԼ־
ʡӦ֮УӦںϣͻȻһִһ
ͻͻͻһ޴ޱȵгˣŴ߷ɳãĻΧŴ߻Ǻ⣬ɵײϣŸоʹ
ǷӦѾޱߵĴ֮С
оֱƬʱգ̫ˣĻ񷣬Ϊ˴򣬲ʣ׷ױ֮УȻγ˸ֵĹҪԴ˫Ϊ
˵ŴħסˣҶΧףҲ޷ǺεȵĹͨ
ԽҶѾﵽչ̫֮ڤĸ߶ȣʵﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣǵõλ׵ϡ
ԣͷų˿ֲܽŴ߶С
ˣʹҵ֮ԸŴ߰ɣūʱҶȹ
ʱ򣡡
ҶӶζԸ壬ŴߣʮϹŶϣ֤ŴߵʵѾԽϹŶ
Ҷڷǳǿ󣬵һ˵ʵܿʮϹŶ
ȻδﵽǸ߶ȣ
ôףҲʱھͷֶΡ̣밵һʤһ廹δأ
ʱһУܶԸŴߣƱԼҲûκսٳǿߣֻĵز
٣ǿصĴڣһֱδ˵廹δȫԸҶȾʹŴƴʱˣ˭Եֵ
ūŴʱͷȥԸŴߣЩʼħʵжǿԵūһܿƶ٣
䣡
в綼Ǵ˫㡣
ʱӰͷŹһȭʹһȱڣһЩ߳û벻ǣ˵Ĵ˫㣬Լ˲ˣλ飬ԴԴ
λǻƴ½ȻΧЩͨħסԽħ֣˾ܶһ֮
֣
ֻм֣ҶһһΧһϤգɶ׵ˣһ·ߵ۷ֿѡ
ÿһӵż̵ĵģҲڴԸ
ǾڿҶȲս
ʱ̫СκʱһӰʱǵǰ
Ҷȣ
ǳΪףӵ磬ΪԽĴڣڿҶȲս
һݳ
С
򲻶ԶϷռ䣬ҶתΧֿ·˾桢½ͽ޵ˡͷĪа
ͷ϶ԸΧħ֣Ҷִ߶״ͨ־֮ںϣСһͷͷħڵĿռ䣬֮УܶôңԶ޷ӹС
䣡
ŴʢŭѣΧͨǻγɣȷǿǴ˴׺ݺݵɱʮס
Ҷͷ֮ҲʼƶСһɱĻߣ֮С
СĿռһҲħֵ츳
ҪʵҾʵ
ҪͨҸˡ
Ҷȵʵ
ɱĻߣֱС˴֮С
Ҷ֮ʩչСﵽ˵زҪӵ֮Լ׵ϣСһʼħּ֣ǿߣһȭͿԽС顣

Ǽͷħֱ֮У·ѹ࣬ǧӵͬһαʵھˣ˵ħ֣ǻʼħֶԵֵ
ɽ磡
յĹͥ
ʥλĸۡʥأ
޽֮ʱΧͥ⣬ࡢ̫ʼֶۡξǬĪһˣƯڹ֮ͥ⡣
ڹ֮ͥУҲƯŲ
ĲۡʥλĸϼʼϤѵشۡش۵ˡ
ʱʣһŵòҳ
һͰˣΧкüףǿʲô̫ʼһɨЩϤףȫУȻʥѡͷڹ꣬Ԫ֮ͥˣ
飡
ͻȻ䣬һϤ޵Χ
Ǭ΢΢ȣǿҵɽ־Լ֮
˭ѵɽ绹ǿҲܺ棬Ȳ˵ˣףһɽǿҲ޷档
Ī쿴ֻࣺյԨ۾˾˵ɽ־
̫ʼ֮ԱǣԨ۾Ѿˣ
ಣ
ͥϷ£һɺ嫵ɵˡ
гһȫɹںϵӰȻʧõʥ
Ŷ
׼ʱʥȻİʥϣȻӵ׵ϤϢ
˾ȣһ𺳣ǰ϶㲻ϵʥԨ۾Ϣôܣ
ȴ˸ȻɵֽкãʥС㣬Щߣǲ򵥵ǷԨ۾ɽ磬ıԴһбں˰ɣ
࣬Ҳ벻Ϊף
ʥˣһۣͥϷʱۡʥλĸϼʼڸֳҡ
ΪڣǱĶ֣ΪںԨ۾˫ͫĿøӱ䡣
ʥͻȻЦԨ۾䣬Ҳںĵ࣬ԼλףʥɲΪУҪͥȥɣ
ǳ򣡡̫ʼҲ¶ɱ⣬ǰš
ҲΪУΪҲǵĶ֣ǣںԨ۾ĵɽ籾ԴֻҪɽڣǾɱң
ʥĿ⣬ССһɽ磬ѵһΪССɽ֮弴ɱ֪Ԩ۾䣬֪ϹŶǱɱ𣿡
ϹŶˣ
ʥȻɫʱףΪͻȻںԨ۾ĵ
ֵѻݣɱ֮Уˣֵ磬ɽ磬ʥɽ棬ưԣǿЦһ׶ǵĶ֣ǿ⣿Ҿ͸ָ·ǺȻ͵Ȱǰɣ
ɡ񶼳Ĭˡ
κʥڤ˼һᣬæʵ
ΧľʥλĸϼʼԼʥҲŵĺܡ


2556 ཨ
ˣҪ֮һС磬κƽ٣Ҫ֮ɽıԴ־ȫǽһС磬ǽУڶʱ䶼ΪʥΪԪҲ⣡
񣡻Ԫ䣡
ɧ
ɽ磬Ҫﵽжѣ
˵ǻԪˣǻԽ֮С
ãǺ
ʥˬĺܣʹӦࡣ
ಣ
ͥ
֮ͥУشһԱߵŮӣʱ󾪣ֶۣ
̫ʼмشֶֿۣǸ߸ϵףǰں񼣣Ϊ֮һ
ף
ش۾ˣ
ۡش۵ˣĸʶֶۡ
ǣйͥ˾ͷֶһްԣ˭ֶ֪ۡ
Ȼֶ۳Ϊ֮
شۡ۵Ժο
ǿǱֶõĴڣϹŶˣֶȴΪףأδﵽ
кܶˣҶȶΪףۡ𣡡̫ʼֺһ䡣
˲޵ݣ
ʥʥλĸۡϼʼʥ۵ϹŶĸ𺳰
жڣ
ûнҶȵ˸ϳôڵжˣҶΪ֮
ɲ֮ҲܳΪ񡢻ԪľͷҲΪǿһв׷һ
ʵ֤Ǿжأ
߽
ʥλףǺʱ֣
룺²˳٣ҿʱɱеѾɽ뷲磬ƺҲʲôƻ
׼
̫ʼһ£ǿǿʼж
ûãʥ̫ʼǬĪ졢ƯڹͥϷ
ֶ۴߶֮ξߣ˼ʱ񼣡
ˣ
ͬʱ߶񼣣
־ɽ籾Դ֮ںϣ
ǿʼӡ
־뱾Դٹλ
ʥƯһ룬ͷųͨաٻɽ뱾Դ֮󣬹ķ籩ӿ˹
ᣡ
࿴ͥ磬ӵһԶˣµԶ
ΪʥһֱԹͥԭ
ͷųʽͥɽ硢޽֮֮ץΪһԲεĽ磬ӿ֮С
ߣ
ʥ벻ۿһ࣬жʱĽʺޡ
һĴڣ೬ԽǣΪߣֳΪס
ȴԭ̤
࣬ҶȡơˣҲԽǣΪǿס
׵ͥĽ磬ϵ籾Դ
ģͥǵΪ״̬
ʣںϣͥȥһ磬һƯھɽϿյ
λǻҪɽ֮ղűҲӦ˼ףҲڿƾɽʱ䲻ˣӿٶȰɽ
γɣһҲδɣż
ҲӦ׵Ϣô£ǲӦ磬赲ɱĽ𣿡
Īһ˽뿪񣿡Ҳɻ
ϹŶˣ˾Ϣֳڷ磬Դ˾Ϊһ硢ɽ磬Ӧ׼Ը壡̫ʼ˵
ֻܺԼУҲЩϹŶħϣһ˻
һͬŬϰɽıԴԼ֮
㲻
֮У
ͻȻ䣬ֲֶۣѵ˵
ξ־ͷ񼣵ξû˿ɫʣҵԺֻи״˴ӷһУͨս޵Ļ棬׾ΨһʲôǶԵģ
డ㾹Ȼ־Ĩɱˣкηֱѵ㲻ףΨ־ɵģǿ־ǿʲôֱֻẦǵĺӣ
ֶĿţźţϧıһС
Ů
ξѲյξ񣬴̫Ͼں֮ͳΪ飬ֶĴӡ
ͽ
ײϳɽ
ʱ˿̣ɽڷ仯Ϊǿг˾ɽıԴ־һɽ־뷨ʧɽ缴ʧȥƽ⣬ջࡢ̫ʼǬС
ͻȻ䣬һâӾĻ
ǬȻâӣˮ֮񣡡
ٿ
Ȼˮ֮â֮лûŭɶɨӼףҪǵʱǾȻǻɽ籾Դǿ֪ɽɽʧȥƽ֮󣬴Ӿɽֱӻһɽɽжˡ顭ǶУ
ֹҺ£
ྐྵĮĻش𣺡ֻΪ壬ԶŴսԶŴ䣬֪ΪĽ縶ʲôΪ壬ЩϼһҲˣȻû֪ʲôΨЦ󣬲ʸǣŬвߵһ죬Ҫ¼Ԫû˿赲ң
̫˽ˣˮ֮ðɣΪҪʲô͵ñΪ㣬ɽ͸ûǲΪ㣬ĽҲԣ
ţΨΨһĴڣﶼʧ
治ףΪλõ񼣵Ͽɣ
ˮֿ֮ףǬĪ졢ǿǴʮԪףѵǻԼʲô
˵ˣˮ֮߰ɣ֣֮ǲ㽻֣һҲǵĶ֣
ǡ޶ԣЩĮˮ֮޻˵
ֿ񼣣ף׿ڵ㰡
˼
̫ʼͻȻͷɱˮ֮񣬷·ʱҪ֣Ѿǣˮ֮붯֣ú棬ʵȫǱĶ֣
̫ˣŽ׶ã
һ̫ʼ˿Ǹˣһ̫ʼһ޶ֻߣӦţֻؿǬһ̫ʼػֻأصĻ𣬶ҵУڵңҪɱˮ֮Ҳ£Ҷף˺Ƥðɣ
Ѿ׹ˣֻشƾˣҲƿֻصУߣ
ˮ֮Ȼʱͽ֡
ŭΪӣϯɽ·
࣬㲻úɻʲô
ֶ޷ˮ֮ŭڵĺ
־ԺЦ뷨ˣ¼ԪĵΪԽĴڣδֳɾͣǿ׵һֵ죡
ʲôˣѵһ
֣ΨһŮ˾㣬˵ңҶһһ˵˸뱾˵
ԸӲʶ㣬δԸһͨŮˣ


2557 ʧأɽ
ϧ֮û˿գѾܰѵģ
Ȼһ裺ʲôõģ֮ԴԳΪɽǿˣִȥ磬ΪɽΨһѵô࣬㶼ûо𣿡
ֶᡣ
ǰ񰮹ˣıӰôߴ
ĿⶸȻޱȣΪңΪ߰ˣһΪת׼ֻеһӣ
Ϊ㣬㷴飬ɿҲңҶԡ
־ȻΪӡٴνֶ۵־塣
㿪ʼں񼣣ĸڤ粻飬Ӵף־ֳξ֮ͫС
һṼ״ˣ
ξͷųǿҵ⡣
ӵֶһѪҪ񼣸¡
緲Ƿ־ĴڣͳͳҪĨɱ
ɽ֮ϡ
ȼţ̫ʼˣٳɽ֮羫ںϴ챾Դ
ǬĪԼ̫ʼӡٶȼӿ죬ɽ·Ϊ˳ͳͳӿͥС֮С
ɽ뷲֮ա
˾ˮ֮Ͼʿ桢ɷšס˻ʮ׵Ӱ֮
ˮ֮ߺȵǬĪ졢׾ףھɽɽֵ֮һ磡
汩ŭֲ÷֮ʧȥɽ֧֡ߴ׾籱֮һΪͽ
Ҫ칥ƣҲΪɽ֮޷ƶ٣׵ˣҪɽȫɾɽ硭ɽ粻þͻ
ɽǹ˲ˣλֱڷṥƴ󣬹׵Կ壬ʱɱɽ硢磬ߣ
λһͳͳ򷲽硣
뿪֮ǰ˾ͷųһ֮ϡ
磬񷣡
ʱȥѾһƬ磬󲿷ʡʧˣʡ·
ȣ
ڰ˺֮⣬ЩϹŶڼţԾΪףǿŽٶĴԿ󲿷ְ塣
ྐྵȻŻ̫ʼڳɽ֮
·ҶȴףͷŴķʶʧȥơ
ʮλ׵ԺͻȻ˴˾֪½ơ
˭һŭɶı顣
ֶԸ壬ЭŬţࡢ̫ʼ˾ڱɽ
ٿΧ磬ձħɣһƬƬڰռˣ֮һƺڱ״̬
ҲֲסãҲΪһ³
ҶȵûкˣﶼǷףȻŽܶʱ䣬ÿûһ˿¡
䣡
ڲǱͨľŴߣԼħ֣Ȼִ˲ٿӣȴ޷ɱٴαͨס
ϾҶȣҶ֮ڿˣȥǹ˶þͻʧȥƿƣֻЩסŴߣ
ǰֵܣǵ취һ޷ƿ磬Ǿû֮ãôЩףҪﵲסѻʯҲʮżǺ£Ҫҳ취Ը塣
ǿʼ·뺣ϣˮֹ壡
Ʋһͬħֱƹѹ͸
Ҷ룬֪ʱ纺ϣ桢¶Īа޵ˡԼǿߴ·ˮˡ
ʼжΧħ׷ᣬӰ˷Χ񣬳ٶȺҶȵ˼ԦҲֻܻ½
ɽ磡
չͥڵĸ߿գ
ٿ·ɽʱգʱձ͸ľʴɽ·ɳĴͨǿ֮С
𽥵زǾɽ͸ɽ硢ɽ硢ɽ硭ϡ·ɽʧ
ʵûʧ֧žɽıԴ־ԼпԳľգɽԿֲٶʧȥƽ⡣

ʮɫɽ羫ӿ֮У͸ǿҵ̫֮ˡ
ȥɽ磬Ϸɽûж
״˾ɽ硢ɽ硣
ֶ졢޼ڡʥɽޱڡħа̡ȵɽ硢ɽ磬֮ЩɽţֻܻΪһѳΪȥ
һصɽ翴ȥӵв
һɽʱգӿٶȣɽϷ·ں϶
λ֮յĲ࣬ǵ֮УҪ洢Ľ绯Ϊʱգʱ޷
ྐྵȻٻ񼣣
ףҲһһٻ񼣣һͬɽ֮
ʥˣΧ񼣵â
˭ڳɽ
˭ƻɽ磿
ͻȻˣϷɽ缱æȻΪɽʧȥʧȥ֮е˾ͷҲ޷С
˳ˣ֮лܼ
ǡ˵֮е񼣣
֮ƻɽ磬ɽ֮
˶˼ף𺳲ѣȻͳͳ򷲽ȥ
ʱ֮еһֽ֮У
׶ûȥںЩˣУ˵ϰˡ
ƿǿ磬һ֮󣬴֮УһЩʣ֮С
̫ʼҲǬĪ쿪ʼͷʣЩޱȵ
ǿ֮󣬱ıݾȻҲʼ͸
ǲЩϹŶǵݣֻΪϧΪޣȻ̵ּܵıݣ
Щźʵ̰ΪΪ̵Ȼȹⳡƽ١
ʧˣҲʧȻɽ硢硢Ҫ磬Ψһ硣
ˣ
֮Է˲ͬɽٶȼӿʮֹɽ΢΢͸Կɽ硣
ʧЧֵø죬ɽķһɽ󷨣ڱ͸оʧ
ȻءءһɽҲ͸˻Ȼɽĺ磬һ֮С
ɽ磬شﲩ˽ܵ飬ٵĴ棡
һɽǿ˲ɽ֤˶ǿߵŵĵķչ
ƻ£һɽʧȥ󷨣վɽƽⱻƣÿһɽʧȥ֧
ʱˣֻҪڷǵһЩȫӦƽ٣ߣ
ǿͬͷҫ۵Ĺâ
һץ֮У̫ʼǬĪ졢ʥ˶
̧ͷһԴɽֱӿ޽֮أԼķ
䣡
Ȼ䣬ɽλãȻˣ
·ǾΧ뼷ѹ޷ٳʧȥƽľɽԼ޽֮ص
ɲʱĿռһĿӣɽ˺¡¡Ĵը


2558 
ըȻɽ硣
ɽ綼ڲʥȸ񷣬ˣ˴ը
ڴʱĬ
Ϊ֮У󲿷˶ǸйƹЦ˲ĺۼ
ˣɽ磡
ش۵Ϊᣬһۣżʧɽ֮С
䣡
ɽٴη˴ը
֮е½ؿʼ飬Ȼʧȥƽ⣬žɽռһͬըɽ׹䡣
¡
֮׹ɽ磬ЧӦɽҲըǽϵıը
ɽһ޴ռ䣬ɽҲһģЩʼɽ׹䣬ɽĿռ俪ʼԴݿ֮ƣռ俪ʼ飬˷졣
ɽءһƬһƬ飬ɽ׹䡣
һʱɽ磡
һ׶εɳ©
Ծءءɽֱ֮ءɽ죬Ϸɽٶȼӿˣһϯպ嫵ɽءǳء̵رһжɽ׹䡣
ʧȥ󷨡ɽʧȥƽ⣬һɽʼ顢
ˣǰС֮ǰԵ̫԰ɫδ򷲽糷˵ˣʹڳ֮Уûһ˿ӳ
Ҳ磬ҲһˣܱճΪʳҪǿǧ򱶡
䣡
ɽȫڱ֮С
⡭ɽûлڰУԼ𣡡
˾Ͼʿ˷ɽݵĿռ䣬ɽڴ顣
Ͼʿɱ̾棬ɽ˻ɵԷ硢Ӱ죬ɽ紦룬ͻʧȥɽ֧Ű
סֻסĥϣ˾ҡҡͷ龰ҲΪ
磡
֮񡢹֮֮ȴȴ˾ɽķ򣬻硢磡
ԶŴѪ磬ˡ
ǻС

񷣬س˵ס
֮УҶͻȻһüͷסɽ籾Դʧ־ڱɽôˣ
ϴҲӦˣɽڴµĵ֮Ӱ쵽磡һӶ
˲ɽˣ·ˮλ
Ҷȴ׳·ȥǿɫıأԼˮ򡢺ڵȴš
ϣ
ϣ
׼
ĺ嫴زˣһƬ⡣
纺ȶź֮ͷʥĺâǾ桢ߡǿԼϹŶ
ǴӴ졢񣬻ڶˣҲ
纺һ£ͷųǵ
ᣡ
纺˫һ֣
ͻͻͻ
޴ı磬ͻȻıǽ֪ж񣬽Щˮľ߿գͬʱıγɡ
һ֮ʮͷħ֣һƹףɱ纺´ʥĺһħɱˣɱЩħ֣
ٴνӡʼںϣ
ݣ
֮Уɳ˴ı̣ɣʮͷĿħ֡
Щħһˣһڹ̣̫ˣʮͷħ̴׹˱ԭء
໣
һЩˮֳ֡Щδħ֡
֮Ĵսʼˣҧס˵ħʬ壬Ȼ綾ʼ֣ǻȻ壬־ֻ֮纺´ķ

ͷħ֮ɱ
޵
纺ƱԭĺȻڸ߿ᣬΪһű֮һѹסͷħ֣¡һ˱ԭ֮С
໣
һͷ޴ĺ֣һͷް㣬Ǵǿ֧߸Ծ𣬱ͷħ֮С
㺣ִﶯצزסһͷͷħ֣˺໥ײֻſ˺ҧ
Ҳ֪ħо綾ûĵӡ־壬ǰϺ־չ¶ԣħɱһѡ
Ĵ󺣹֡Ҳɱ˹̫࣬ӵǿ޵еģҲкѰľ
䣡
߿գͻȻˡ
ӴϷŴħִŴħַɳ
أ֮ǰ񷣬ռ̫޴ҶҲ޷ʼħֽС
ಣ
Ҳԭ֮ϣ纺ϣȻһתħִײеɱͬʱ߶񼣡
λֻ֮赲Ĳ
ҶȴʱΪΨһĹǡ
ͷϹϢϣ˶־
֮һͬͷÿһ֮ǵʵѾԽңﵽϹŶĸ߶ȡ

Ǵ߶˴ͨԭ֮γı̡ǾɽԽԽħֺɱȥ
ߡ޽ߡߡߡ
Ҷȴ߶˲ʹʣ׷˹֮߶ǿޱͨҪ֪ʵѾﵽϹŶĸ߶ȣǹ̫֮ڤ
䣡
γɵʯӱԭ˷֣ͬʯһһ鹥
Щɶף˶ɱˣȻȺײס˰죡
ʡʷŭһ
ߴߣ֡

ͷűԭصֹ壬ŴЩ׷ƿֱɨһƬκ໥ײ׻Ϊ˳
ͨħֽԭˮĹɱһ
ˮ½ء
Щˮֲ̫ˣȻе˾綾ǻǷ˺ҧħ֣ħֲɱ
֪мħֱˮնɱȻиˮ֣Ϊ˾綾𽥵رȥ
ЩͨȻûУûҲ֪ػԼļ԰硣
ΪˮΪ˼԰ս
໣
ˮţӿ˱ԭ룬ǱУǱסħ֣׷׹ԭ֮Уˮɱһ
ԽԽˣȥĸʽ
ٲȥ
˫ڱԭɱ꣡
ħһʧأŴҲ޷ϵһףŴҲ״ݻķ
ڣǿʼû˱
ٿ
Ŵħ̾ڰգһͬ³˵һսʡ˲һƬ߿ա
̫ˣǶס
ôһһĹίʵˣ񶼴ĿģĿɿڴ
ǰԸʼħ֣ǶϹŶ׵Σڻʼħ˽ͷŹĿ˻ʼħĿֲ֮
Ҷȵһ룬µĴֹǰ
ͨ壬ȥЩħʬռ
Ҷȷͨ壬нԭ֮Уռħʬ塣
䣡
ȥŴǿѹƶԽԽ
ŴʩչһĹʣԼռƬʱŮɢһ
һĻսź
ͷŸֹ
ڰײһƬռ䶼˺ˣЩԭˮֶ֮֡С
ջȫ԰ϧûռֻۣܿŴƬ֮ͨС


2559 ս
ʿһĻ⡣
Ҫ˫ײ֮ճ˺飬ʡˮգ֮У˭ǰĶ֡
֪ƣҲҪƣķʵ˵ҲײĿ⡣
ŴٴηͬҪƬ綼飬ͳͳ֮С
֪ħֵͼǵüͷ
˶ռײ飬ռ䲻ϵ飬ıԭգһд֡
ʼϺˣҲ˲أǿʼȫѹȴҲҪصĴۣŴʵɰԵ޼ɵΧռ䡣
ɱ꣡
ԭˣΧŵգˮҲˣҲһͷ
ǡħֵսͳͳ֮С
Ҷ纺ò׽ıԭܵصͬˮҲʧ֮УձȻΪʳ

űԭʧ֮󣬴ˮˮʣ֮Уڿʼʧ
֮ǰɱħ֣粻ͬʱɿռ䣬ڵѾ֧飬ҿԿӳӪ򷲽硣
ֱʱǲ񣬲֪ƽٵʵ
ϧΪʱ֮ǰŽԶŴԸ壬˵廹δɱ֮У˵ش塣
Űɱ磬紦ǰƻĿռ䡢ʡ½һֵˡ
𣬾ǰĿʼ
գֻѡܡ
֪Ľ磬ûһء
ɽ糷ˣ
ûа취ˣ
ּһʱ䡣
ŴߴħִĹѾѹҶȵײò硣
磬֮أǴõ磬Ҳòˡ
ͷſռͨҶλױ糷롣
Ȱ飬ɽķ飬֮ӿĽ磬ʱ硢ɽ綼ǵ磡
Ŵ߾Ȼû׷ɱȥħֿʼطıݣŴķأ
赲֮׹ɽ硢Ĵڣ赲࣬Ǽʡߴͷͽ֮С
Լ칦ǾʹһȻɽķǽ֮ɽ磬ҿʼɽ硣
ɽ磡
ոճɽ񣬴˿̶֮Уǻⲻɽ磬Ϊ޽֮زˣɽ粻ˣûзû֮ΪһƬĻ硣
յɽأ
ϤϢأ
񾪴ˣɽ簡
ɶ࡭
Ⱥ棡
һʱ֪ΪλΪ
ɽ֮סĥ򷲽糷ˣ
ƻı䣬Ҷȳ˼һᣬ·ֻ뿪ɽ磬򷲽糷룬ɽѾûκεֿ
½󣬴ӳ򷲽硣
䣡
֮
ɽݶʱ˴ըŴ߳ˣɽ磬δһʱɱ뷲磬ǿʼɽķ
֮ܿҲ͸ɽ磬ٶԽԽ죬ɼڶȫ硢ɽݡ
磡
ˣ
˾ˮ֮ϾʿŵʮףŲǿߣһ֮С
֮ϣʱӿâ
򷲽ӿһҲ˾档
֮У˾ҶǰϾʵʱɱ
Ʋô죬ЩʼħֺļƣӦ볹׻ɽ硢ڵݣ֮ӿ뷲硢̲Ľʱգ೹ʧȥƣҶȻش
ҪػĵطҪսｫսڵʹ֮ǰҲϽȥһˣһжҪ
ǰҲǸõս
ʱȣҶλ׺úϣڷཨ󷨣˷Ͷʱա
ಣ
ͬʱһǿ߳ˣ
ͷڴڤĴ£ŷƿն
ף
ͷ׷Ҷ
ҶȻ֮ڤڸ߿棬Ȼת֣Ǻ嫵񷣬ȴæµĳ׽
񿴵һĻ֮ҶȲ˵Ǵ졢ʮϹŶҲˣǰһѱռ죬ɽʧȥҲ飬ھʣ磬ڵԵֵʱսˣֵ˶ãͻɱ뷲磬˳ƹ罫սҲǱıݣ
ЩѾ׼
ڤ֮תͷ򷲽
ǣף
ȥ
ڤֿҶȣҪЩʲô
ڷ󷨣ֶԸ壬ֵĻ޷ֵ壬䰵оŴʼħ֣ÿһ𶼴ﵽչ̫֮ڤǰĸ߶ȣһɱҲǼӵʼħֵֽʵ
Ŵʼħ֣
ǰʮϹŶպŻɱʼħ֣ɼǵ
˻һڤҶȵɫ
ಣ
һ֮󣬾Ȼһ֧ˡ
аڼͷ£硣
ȥɣ
ҶΪڤ·һշȥ
ƺƵܿˡ
֮Ǿ⣬ܿͻӭ
ಣ
˾е׷˹
Ҷ׽ܵλǵףҲ̫ڤǰµΨһѪ
ףڤ
ڤҲ󷽻񣺡ÿҸ뿪磬Ǳ磬ֻ粻ʺУڵʮ˲ĽѣλǰΪĽҵӲܣսһ̣
أ
˿̣·ֳ˺Ž֮
̿ȥ·ڰˣпµ޵ȵȣǧĴӿ
һ½硣
ʱ֮Уڰââ֯һ𣬵ʼֵ󷨡
Ҷְһ𣬴ҶҶȣ罫ս֮Уз硢ɽսȥԭǱñػ
󣬶һھ
һһʼշ֮׼밵չһս
˾Ҳǵʮʼж
ü㣡
׶ȥ֮ʣˣҶ纺
纺еڤǰ
ڤڤͫ΢Цӣҽ㼴ɣǴӲİԲԣ
纺ڤδ棬߶ҶȵĴڣʱҲûκİΡ
ú֣

Ůֱ󻺻ȥ
ҵʹѾɣ
뱾Ư֮С
˲׷뷨Ҫںϣعڱ֮С
ҶҡҡͷʱںϵʱҸսﵽ۷壬밵彻֣һҪʮػҷֿжãҪںϣҲҪȴʱ̵


2560 ɱ뷲
Ҷֵӵͨ壬ʵܴﵽ뱾ĸ߶ȣаӦڵľ棬˿أ͵Ϯ˭ȥ
ȥںϣȻҲսʮҪһʱںϣʱԸ
뱾ںϣʹѾɣУҪػڤ
ȴΪڲõʱݹս˭Ҳ֪һ̻ᷢʲô£һӦΪ׵
ٻʮ٣
񷣬ʱڤŵͷ纺Ưڸ߿գΧеףǾۼһϵ
ҶȽþ֮ڤĩսսɵвþ֮һϹŶռתҶȡ
װѼħʬó
ϿգҶȵһ˵󣬿ʼħʬ壬˾ͨס񡢵ǿ߶޷š
˶µİ壬ڹǰΪӡ
ҶȽٻ֮УͷųԶսյǻһʱ䣬ӣȡﵽǿ۷壬ǾЩϹŶһξ룬ﵽǵȸ߶ȣԿⰵ壡
ħֵ̫ˣ
ŵףͻȻǴδ˽Ҷȣλٶȴףܵõ֮񴫳УܵõϹŶΣȷӵûеľԼʵ
ʮףһ붼ǴʮԪףʵҲδﵽϹŶ߶ȣܳһξ룬ʣһҶȺųΪ׵ĴڣʵϹŶңԶľ롣
ʵǿֻڶ࣬Ϊû˴ﵽϹŶΪ˴ħʬ壬ҶͲһˡ
ħʬж٣
ͷ֮డһͷħͿκһϹŶԽ̫̺࣬ҲҪħ
Ҷ쾻֮£һſӲγɣҲץʱա
֮Ҷþ桢ߡϹŶǿߵмӣڸͨǿߣҶѾ˲ϡ
Ѫħ
ҶΧǶʮˣеūʱūҶǰ
ҶͷһƬâǧǿ߳ˣ
һֲˣ·ҲаϢ
ǹʱ׼
Ͼʿ޲̾
ūѪħڷ֮Уʼ󣬵ȰһɱҪڲ֪֮մȾʱһȫ߷ȻЩѪħֱӶԸ壡
Լ뷨߸ū֮󣬵ūǧﵽԪ伫µѪħϷ
λ
Ҷסǿ߽ܣڷ硢ɽ硢磬һԶսаƳѪħϻб֮ߵЩѪħҪ밵ɱش֮ȫΧɱ壡
˭Ϊ֮кá
ЩѪħͷҪںܳʱܿư壬ڴ֮ǰҪԿħ֣˷֮ǵ־ôһ赲壡
ҶȴżĿ⣬˵
Ҳȼ־Ǽ֤˹׵ľ֪ͨкεȵ
֮󣬷֮С
δħʮ٣ʱʱ̿յ
˵ʵǿߣȻҶȣǷ
Ҷ̾ںʮٵʵһҪǿʮ̫˼ˣɳΪεȴڣ
Ҳ֪ʮٻδﵽԶŴս״̬ȴҲˣ֮Ҹо߶ʮٵѾûж֣Щʮ˵ӣڱҪ
Ҷȴĸ߼ӡ
ϧֻһٲ˿ںϣơҶٻˣ˶޷ںϡ
Ҷȸ˲ٵӣȻɵӡħŽԪԪ죬ҪԪ۷塣
ס֮еٮٮߣʱʱ̿ʵ
Ѿˣ
֮
ͻȻ˫ۣǵڰ˫ͫ˷ķ
ҶͷһЩӦȻҲְϢڷ֮ۼҶϢ߸ˡ
Ǵ񡢵ʼ߶
Ͽգʲôûе񷣬ū߶ǧѪħɢȻ֮С
䣡
ͻȻݡ緢˴ը
̫ˣǧ綼Ҳܵ
ʱ鶼ڿֻ֮С
䣡
˲ãһڰ֮⣬׽ݻ顣
ڰӰźڶֶһͷͷħֻ֣񶼷ְħֵ࣬һսˮĺȻ˴ãش˰壬Ҳɱǧµħ֡
ϴսʼڱնɱħ֣һĽ֮ࡣ
Ҳܵش
ɱһħ֣ʱǧħͬʱ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ū
Ҷ
ūʼ߶ſϽ룬ֻҪһڷκǾϢڡ
ɱɱ˷硣
սľ
񼣣٣
ǿʼжǲɳռ䣬֮ǰúõ֮УÿٻԵ񼣡
ۼ֤׾ʹ˷ݣƺƵɱίʵˣҴռ俴ɽ磬ɽѾΪ硣
Ϣ֮УūѪħ˿ռ䡣
ɱһֲ
˾ˮ֮񡢳ơ硢ŵףн֮УԿÿ˶߷嫵һâʮâоմڲʱҪ֧𷲽硣
¡
˷磬׵Ŀֲȴûдնɱħ֣ȴش赲ħֵĽ
ħֿʼǿռƬ춼ǸֹƣȻ̧ͷһĻ·ĩ٣ƽٻĽ硣
ʱڷչ˹ƣ밵ħֵڷ񷱬ըˡ
ڤŵͷ߶ԵĿֲƳһƬһƬڰƺֹ塣
ҶȴʱϢ˸߿գ뵶ūվһ𣺡ūͨŻ񼣣ȫ߶Ѫħӿ콫ħڵѣ
ɲǣҶȾͷһͨ壬һѻ񼣴ͨڣһֶһס
Ҷӵ񼣣պӵͨ壬պһ˿Դ߶񼣣һ˿Դ߶񼣣Ҷǹ񼣡
ʵ㣬ҶۺʵѾ¡
֮ͨ󣬲δٻ񼣣ڳ벿Ҳͷ־ʼȫϵūͷ
ЩΧѪħ飬ǱҶñ֮Ѫ⣬ˣ˵ūǼֱǹ֮еĹҲ°ľ綾
ģҶȿӦħ֣ڿʼϢڲħԼȴûз仯ǲֻ࣬Сִڳܱ֣ʱѾΪʱ


2561 յս
忪ʼ뷲磬ıݡҲ𽥱˺
ݶֹǣοһУ
赲ֻ뱬ըγ֮оضˡ
ķ־ʧ
ƫ塣
׶Ӧˣ֮ǰǿչķأ
һԽԽ·ڲʧΪɱ뷲磬ɷĿռ䡢ʣɽ֮Ҳʼӿ롢ɷһС
ȥƾͻʧʲôһΪʱգôǰĶ֣
һ㣬ȴҲֻܴ߶ֹ壬ȻȴᣬһǾͿԴɱȥ
硢ɽ󲿷ֶѱɣЩڷ赲ǣ
ͻȻ䣬ŵǿޱȵϢ˷硣
Ŵߣ
Լ񶼷ǣΪ̫ĿˣֱͷųԻʼħֵǿƣ޴ķ磬ʿӦŵԻһеǿϢ
ȷǿƿؿռ
ڤǾŴߣϴ𺳡
ҲˣϾǽӦʼħֵơ
ͷˣЩͷŵÿʼ
ʡʺֱǾŴɱϿգɴǿռƬ
âͻȻҫ۵ĹâһֱŴ߷ƣһ赲Χħ֡
ħʵ̫ˣ˿ɵɽ֮ԽԽֲ巴ռƣཥʧȥ֮
벻սſʼͣʱʧȥơ
ʱԵǿߣǳ׼ʶֻ޷赲Ȼأ
졢硢ɽ綼𣬵ܿסĹ
Ȼܣ
ǿƶࡢԵжϾǲٱȫ߶׷ֹơ
û񣬵칦޷赲
ûһףһ񼣣ҲѱնɱҲͲˡ
λˣ
ҧ֣ŽһģٻǶ԰˾¡
ҶȵĹ־ǵԺ֮УҶΡ˵Ѿû·ҪԻ𣬵УʷǵսҲܺˣʧȥǾͳʧȥ磬һǾɱ壬һЩΪĽϹŶǵ־ֱǰ
־ӿԺǵϷ·Ҳͷųҫ۵Ĺ
֮ϣҶȳͨߣʱūȫȼٿΧѪħҲˡ
һֱڰбū߶ͱˣ
ʱҶҲ߶ʱΧЩѪħҲȼа
ȣ
Щ׼ħ֣ͻȻ·Ӧʲôڳ
ôйȼյʹ
ͷŹľŴ߶Ӧ΢仯
üĪıֶΣ
ˣ㿴˶ˣָоԽԽǿңҲ㵵ò֪롣
ಣ
˿̴˷ǧѪħȼаħ֣Щħָܣħֻħֱ֣Ѫħɱȥ
Щǣ
мѪħŴߣǷȼԽԽǿңƺֵ⣬ѪħйϵŴɱȥ
ۣ
ֻһУ
ѪħͱŴնɱնɱ֮ݲûħֵ⣬ѪħΪѪϯŴߡ
ѪͬϢȻıֶΣȼЩѪ
Ŵ߸ڲͬѪϯǸӦͬϢһڰ棬Ѫա
еħҲԶԸѪħͨħ־Ͳˡ
ħִǿҧѪħ˶ˣѪħʹֱ֮֮ūƣЩħָܡ
ΪѪħڵˡ
幥ʧˣ
ģȻֻһڹ
ǾŴߣ
񿴵ϣҶȲõֶοʼЧ
񣡡
Ҷȱ֮ϣâʼϯĻﵽԪΪǿߣ׼ɱ壬սڼʱնɱõĻᣬǷ֮ʱ뷲磬ǽʧȥõĻᣡ
ɱ
Ǵɳ
󲿷ֵǼ߶Ҫֹͨ磬ɱҶ´һ
֮һ״߶񼣣һɶǺ󷽸ʮľӢЩǴﵽԪ伫µľͷ
桢½ͽԼǣԼǿߣԵĴͷ
һ׷ǰ
˾ˮ֮Ͼʿ桢ɷ𡢷šס˻סۡն졢ꡢٻҶˡӦ顢ġ𡭡
һ緢ƺ֮УΪԵƪ¡
Ҷ纺ڤߣҲżĿ⣬ӭħִԼŴߡ
ʮվ۷Ҳû˿¡־壬ÿ˴밵ͬھľģ񷡣
ŴҲһף·Ҳȴһ̡
ҶȴǶʮףնɱŴߣʧȥǣٿĶ֣
ಣ
ʮ˷ֿɱǱĥİ
ʣߴһſɱЩףĽǰ壡
˾ͻȻ֮Ϲǣ

ʮǿߣһͬ֡
âֱԻƣϯŴߡ
ȣ
ŴһƬڰ棬ͬʱҲдռƬ֮ϯâ
䣡
˫ıըռ䱻˺ˣ밵ʼը
˭ҲûռϷ磬Ŵ߶ûѹסԷƣ
Χս
ȴ˳
ͨȫ뵶ūϣ߶һЩħ˺ѣȻ
˰˿ɳֶ֮࣬ʼΧɱħֹ֣ħֽп졣
ħΨһͷۣûа취
Ǿǿռ
ħֱΧɱʱ֪Σգôռ࿪ʼʱʱռƬҲо˵ʧ䡣
Ŀռ츳޷ȵģԭռƣħֵԻˡǻɱ塣
ɿռʩչ֮Ҳֻħɱ
Ѿռ˺ܴƣħִ󲿷ѡռͨԸǰ࿹⣬ȻԶԶǰ
Ǿ桢ǿǣսԵѹħ֣ħֻжܵķݡ
ȻȡһͬͷߣǿߵںϹ֮У˿ҲײԽһס
ڷеħ֣֪ж٣
ħ֮Щ𼶴ڣʼͬʬ壬졣
֮ħ־ͲöԸˣǱǿͬħֵһսʮ
һͨħҲ໥ɣԽԽԶԸ
ƿʼԽģҲʧȥơ


2562 ʼħֵ
һ
սκεƣǻġ
ŴǶԿ˫˭Ҳûռƣ꣬˶ϱƻԽԽࡣ
ڤҲ˰һԶŴ䣬ȫżȻ
벻ֹǵˣԽԽأȥʧأ
Ŵ߿ʼ
ɭɭףһ񼣾ŭɶǱƣǾǽЩնɱ
߶޳ɡ
ǾǶòףɵ
ǿǽ쳲Ѩ
Ŵ໥ӣмìܣ·ʲôǿҪʩչ
ԥһ󣬾Ŵ߾Ȼˣһӱ˵ƣȻڰ棬ֽΧһͬϯȥ
˹ƾĻǿƣ
ס
һɴ˫ͫǰȷϯĻ޲𺳻ʼħֵ־£ͷų˲˼
ಣ
Ļ󷽣Ŵ߾Ȼſһ磬ÿһһƬǹɫĺɫʯ
ЩʯֻȭͷСֻмһһɾ޴
ϸϸЩɫʯ治һ㣬ʯͬɫʯ˸ڰâ͸ޱȵĺ

ĺɫʯ飬ھŴ߿ֲ£ʱԳĻٶȣɱĻ
ಣ
ɫʯĻ֮гѸͣϡ
ҶϲŴѹѹʯֱǾ˹
ÿһͷŷٴδ߶âƣЩɫʯ
ǶЩɫʯһ֪ѸͣΪͷǿƾܻɫʯ
ˣ

ɫʯֱӺĹѸײڶ֮ƣڵʯ䣬ɫʯͬ籩ƣһ񼣻
ֱʱΪ񼣵ķסЩɫʯ籩
䣡
ɫʯԷ籩֮ƣһ񼣣飬˿̣ײ¶Ŀ⣬ϧѾˡ
ʯ籩˳ƻһ񼣣Դݿ֮ƣͬ棬һ֮˿µۼô󲿷񼣶ʧȥ˹
Ҹĺɫʯ񼣣ûһף
һ쳤Х񼣰⡢ʲôʯͷ
ǽ壬һһƬǽ壬󲿷񼣶˴
һаˣܵش
üӲʯôйԪͬϢ
ʱҶڤӹͷŵķתΧףִ󲿷񼣲ܵشһ׶ˡ
ץסһʯҶһ˶ˣΪɫʯƷʣȻԪͬơ
񼣣ƣ
һӰͻȻ󷽾
һʼħ֣̫Ѹͣһ˷Ԧ񼣺󷽡
¡
һȭֻһȭԻʼħֵǧٿ׵ķ񼣻飬ͷһǱ˵ķףһھȥ
ף
ױһĻ𺳡
һף˲ˣһ񼣣ʼħһֱ飡
Сģ
ٴδ߶񼣣շ֮ٴͷųҫ۵â
䣡
ִӰ˷ĿռƬ֮Ĺϯ׷ռƬ̫࣬һ񼣵
Ͽռ飬Լħֵһ񼣿ʼƿӪʱɢˡ
¿ԺúɱЩף
ŴһֿжΧ񼣹âȥ
Σˣ
纡ڤ
ҶȼԦĹ񼣣Ψһû⵽ƻ֮һ
Ҳα𿪣ͷСӰ˹ǷڤȻ纺Ԧ񼣣ҲƯ
ף
ֱһǰһ󣬽˶ס
ǰǿĻ󻤷
֮κһˣӵնɱκϹŶʵĽ֮УûǵĶ֣ʱȻֱҶɱ
ͷȼյŭɱͫٻ˵Ĳ׹ȻҰǿУ㣬ҰѾ˷磬˵
ɱ㣬ʧȥĹǣҲ˵
Ҷ纺ڤ˭ʶ밵ɱ밵岻ݡ
Ʋ
ǣ׸ӼѣҶȿˣڤ纴߶񼣣ȥףԸʼħ֣
ҪԸǡڤʼħֵǿ󣬼޷սʤġ
Ҷ΢ЦЦĺܲ԰ףΧҵĵӡҵֵܡҵѡҲʧȥǣҪǣ
İɣ
纺ȰȰڤŮԦࡣ
ৣ
ͻȻٿգ񼣷ɱơ

񼣺󷽣Եֶ֮һȭʵĹ赲û˺һ
ǿֲףһԷһ࣬Ȼٶȡ֮ϣﵽָµĵز
ίʵţ
ͷųǿʢĵƣףȻԽնɱ
ʣԸ㽻֮ˣ׳һģһǿֵܣʵǿ󣡡
Ҷȡ
䣡
ˣ
ȻҲռ䣬һɾ˵Ĵը
Ȼһ־ˡ
˻ˣ˻Ҳһ飡
ը־ԼâϢҶ֮ͫжһʹΪһˣǲʱ򣬽Ϊ֮˻ס
ֵˣף
ɱ˹ռ䣬ڰָ֮ץ·һҪҶء
䣡
Ҷȴ߶ֻߣҲʵ˼£й񼣣Ըʼħ֣ȫԸ
һֻ֮뼫ײһǼǿƽֻ֮顣
ǿ̫ǿˣ׵ԶŴΪδ󲿷ֶ䣬ڰǿߵУڴ߶񼣵ӦҲﵽ˹֮ĸ߶ȡ
Ȼ޷赲ʡ
ַƣһڿֲ˲񼣸Ƕ
С
Ư֮еҶȣ߶ֻգִ߶ߣȫ߶緢һָת˳ȥ

һ࣬ɱһһâһͬ˺ڰ֮С
ȻҶȷƣռƬй񼣣񼣱Ҳ֮С
Сˣֵܣ
Զգ
붫ʤںһ𣬽ն챳ǰʼħ֡
ҲЩۼ֮ǰҲ޷⡣
ʼħֳɱһΧռ䣬Ȼͷźڰ棬Ϊڰ֮һɱСףͬһ򵥣

ˣ
Ǹոս󣬵Ҳﵽһ߶ȡ
轣סʼħֵĺڰ֮ڰ潫ʱ𣬿ĺڰ֮һҲ򵥣
ս񵶣
նٿȻ֣ں񼣵һ뷲֮âĻХɱ
žžž
ʼħЦ֮ĿռƬâѹơ

ȻһģٿȻ֮ħֵš
һҲܴⰡ

ͻȻѸ͵һţȴû˵֡
һն˻ᣬ֮⻯Ϊ׵磬ͻħ֣ħֳʹģſһΧ׵綼

һ̤ſɫ档
꣡
ɫίʵˣϯ񼣣նͷŵĹƣͨͨգħſѸײڶ֮ƣһסڿռ䡣


2563 Կ
ǽն죬ʼħֿսҲڼѵս֮С
ףҾսʹɣ
֮У
֪жԶʱҶ뼫һɱ˫˭Ҳκβ˱˴ˡ
ʿŵգ״̬ͻȻûΪģ
Ҫȫ񼣻
ģ߷
ҶҲȫй񼣣ҲҴ⣬߷󣬰ս֮С
ˣս֪һսжΣա
ƹʱ׼֧ԮңȻĽħնɱȴҲҪ׼
ҶȾȻԷɳ˹񼣡
ʵ뼫ս
սƿع񼣣ͻȻҶµһϢ֮С
ٿ
ʳˣǾ޴ޱȵſһһɶ೤ķɫƼףһɨҶȡ
ռҲҪ飬ն

һֻ֮⣬ȭͷ̫һϢʹҶȵȭͷԵޱȣһȭһȭ뼫ʺɫƼ׶Կ
ʵ޷ҶȺɨΪҶʵҲޱȣ棺ǿߣν˺飡
С
ɫ·ֻаʩչҶ֪ɻ߶СƬڰתơ
ȭ
һֻ㼯ȭӡԺ֮ƣ򼫻ӿͬࡣ
ҶԴȭδʩչϴߣҶȫս˼¡
߷֮󣬴ȭȻʩչ
أ
ȭǣϼϯĺɫƼ˺˿ռ䣬ôȭֱӱɫƼ˺顣
ֻߣ
һҶߣߡ޽ߣ֮Уħܣʴ˹Ҳ廨ţʵ뼫ʲ¡
ͻͻͻ
ִֻ߶֮󣬶ҶȶԣоﵽϢе״̬һҲԶһա
뼫սʵǵһʵ⼴ʧķ磬û㹻Ļ˭ĵĹħ֡
ಣ
ʾҶǿ赲
ʢŭ֮£Ҳ·𿴳Ҷʵжֲһ޴ĿռƬֱҶȡ
˴ĿռƬ㶼㲻ˣ
ͬ½ĿռƬ̫ԵҶȴ߷СĻʱ޷ƿƬôࡣ
ʥǹ
гһɵĹʥǹͬڷ䣬չһ󹭣ʱͻԾ̳޼᲻ݵĹʥǹ
ںڰ֮Уʥǹ̫ͬͷųʥĹƣһǹڿռƬ֮ϣƬʥǹ顣
ݣ
ʳûʩչһƬ߶೤ĺɫйڰ֮ȼգ·γ˽ɽ֮ƸҶȵӰ
򣡡
ʹ̫ѸͣɫͻأݲҶȷӦͨףѾɫնɱ
žžž
ҶΪģͻȻгֵ˲䣬ɫʧȥƽ⣬ȻŴı䷽ʧȥ֮ǰһҶԴͨ˺ɫв

Ҷ뼫Ϊֲħ֣ɱʱ
¡
֪ԼʵĹƣҲͬʱϿճ֣ʼħֵۺҲޱȿֲ˲һкڶʹҶϿս٣Ȼ
ףαҪ˺飡
ⲻһĺڶ
ڶѸײڶ֮ƣҶͷŵĴ֣Ըɫ󣬶ڶ֮󣬼ʲδڶռڲԸҶȣȴ˺ڶ֮⡣
Ŵڶһ˴ԴסڶһԴʼסڶʼڶѸ͵ת
ħ֮ٶƣ޷ȼģټϿռյ㶼ߣ䣬ʵ֮¶ġ
ʰźڶƣͬһɫ磬֮оǱʲסĺڶתٶίʵˡ
ڶתӿ죬ڲҶȿ֪Ҫٶ˺
ڲ
ƣպÿкɫ֪ʱҶȲŷƺ뼫ʿֲ֮УոոӦ֮󣬴ͬ߹һٺڶһһ˺顣
ת
ֲֲ̫˺ڶ˺֮УҶӽǿΧѴڴ籩ģκҲҪڶ˺顣
ٴͷŴ򣬽ֻΪҪʱ䣬ڲһתĴ򣬶̺˸ӿֲֻֻͨزǳͷҲҲǽӵµľ
ͣ
԰ҶȵĴںڶһһ໥Ħ˺֮Խ˵Ԫ־ͳͳ顣
ҶȾʹΣվ֮УԼ˰Ե˵¡
תٶȣ˲䱻ڶѹȻҶۺȲϼʡ
ٴμƣ
ˣʩչѾͷȫҪնɱڶ֮С
һȥȻҪڶ˺֮˺飬ҲһգΪڶ磬޷
ȫǰƿص磬ҶҲûԵơ
ʱ˿̣ȫ뿪ڶ磬ֻһ취
ҶȽ˼£ʵ˲٣Ȼ󽫴ٴδ߶Ȼٶֿ
ףҰ磬Զ޷ӦɱƱʵĹ
磡
ɲŴڶٵתҪ壬еʳ
¡
ֻӣ
ڲٶĴ򣬾Ȼ˲飬˿µıը
ߣ
ըոҶȾʹ߶һʡ
䣡
ըӴڶģ˺ڶ޷ѹƵը֮˺ڶ˲ڶΪ˴ըĹâ
䣡
ڶļʣҲ벻ľʧȥƽƿأҲˣѪڡ
ף
ʾȻˣ˿ڣоʹȼ޾ɱ⣬ΪϵĻڱһˣԣǳ衣
ʢŭ֮£ռƬǱըմڶҶںδֻܰһл
ȣ
֮УڶըڳԱһռ䣬ͻȻһӰѪҶȡ
ɫ԰ף۱˺ˣҲѪۣĿġ
ˣԶĹ֮УսһĻͺ޲ϳȥҶȽ⣬ֻܰװ׿Ҷˡ
ˣ
ȷǿʣھ֮£Ҳ𲻵á
ԭҶը֪ǱըԽնɱ
ˣȻ޷ɱڶ磬ҺӵзߵԷ״̬ʱը˺飬Ҷͼ̣˺˲䣬ѪⲢδը׻
ִ߶ֻϷٴ
ˣϧҲش
ɣ
ͻأ䣬ַ˹ٿնһԴҧҶȣһԴһЩɫʯ
⣡
Ҷˣ̫ǱһԴһԴĺɫʯΪˡ
󣡡
ֻͷܡ
Щɫʯ񼣶ܻʡ
ҶȶգһЩʯҲ˳ƾһЩɫʯҶʧˡ
ףɣʿҶʧķҲѪҶȼܾˡ
ħְ츳࣬һֲ


2564 ʮ
ɱң
֮УЩɫʯɹ
Ҷȳˣ֮вΡΡĳ֣¸šȻüԿѪ
ˣ˵أ
Ҷȴδһ£ͷ֮
ˣһܵش
ҵü컯ȭش֮ܽնɱ
߶Ҷڰ׼Ҫǿ뼫ʷֳһʤȥ񶼲
ͨϯգᣬΪһʵʴһţһ򼫻ʡ
Ҳ벻ҶػΪ˳棬սһҲû½
ʼǿռƬһŴ飬Ƶһգϳ֣һԶҶչ
һңԶգ
ԭ˺ڰ֮𣿡
ϲһѺɫȼյı
ְγȻ״̬Ϊ˱ʼݺᣬʱѾ֮ǰĽˡ
ǰͷźڰƵķ
ɫҲЩ԰ףȻûˣɼһ֣Ҳף
˿̼ʵϯҪѹΪڰâ˷ȥ
飡
ǿлһһ㣬ʰͲýɣڰ
ʵս·ǹ֮սҲڰڰ֮Уܡ
ݣ
ƻԵģٶȻǹһѹƷǿյǷԱȼ磬ʴץסƣǺڶƣֻǴռƬ
ʼħ־ǿʵ޷նɱģ
ʱ˿̣
ڣǵڰȼյĺ֮Уһž޴Ϊһ
ʮ侲֪׼ãҪնɱͷħ֣
ȻԣҪͷʼħֵʬ壬͸֣ھͲһɳΪĽ״̬Ҫʼħֵ壡
ã
ֱͬˡ

һӰͷźڶУȻǺɫƼ׻գǱǺɫƼ׻ˣ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ȷǿ󣬵֮Уûƣ巽滹Щ㡣
Ȼˣ˿ֲĻʼħ֣յĹ֮񡢹֮֮ȾܣҲǵĿֲ֮¡
㳬̫ڤǴﵽԶϹŶʵȴȻֿħ֡
׳ʣлնɱʵ൱Ҳħֵ
ʮ
˵ķٴμֲʣ˫ͻȻһԶŵӡ

ʷ·ӦĳЩڲͬ
ʮ
ȣ
ͻȻʮӡ
ͣ
ʸҪúɫƼ׹Χƾճһ֮⣬·һжпҲ˳޷˹Уһһ߶Ѫۡ
ǡ
벻ͻȻ˿ֲɭɭʵܣôܻͨ
ҲĺܣⱾ๦
ͷ·ܼɵʩչǲʮ
ô֪ʮӺ棬ʮ𺳣ΪŹʮٵ
ʮԶû֪Ժδ˶೤ʱ䣬̫ڤҲ޷ѹĴڣҿںڰ֮޵
ʮǱʽһУҲҪնɱŹܱƿأϵĺɫƼֳһЩ
ʻյûͷš
Ҳʮ⣬߶棬ŽӡΪһ֮ɱʡ
֮
˲䱻֮ΧܵһһֽѪڣЩԷ·Ƥˡ
ͻȻһƬâһ򣬷·ޱǿ
Ż֮ɱ֮ʣץסʷ͵Ϯ
֪ʾȻʩչ˲˼Ҳ˵ǹ
ɱΧδ򹥻ǰͻȻѳһſԴ̫ˣǶʮͷ­Ǿ˵
Χˣǰʣѳһʮ壬ʮͷ­ôܡһʮͷ­
ѵǰҲʮһͨĲš
ߣģǰҲᣬֻҪﵽʼ߶ȣаˣʮǰ壬ܴУ
ٿ
֮ʣ׳Ϊ˾
е壬Ȼſ죬һɫպýС

򹥻磬ȴ޷飬ŷʵʵһ̳׳
ˣ
ӡ
ڱһ
࣬Ҫ׽ĨɱҪͷžɱֶΣʮԴ磬һȼ
·Ҫѷ

ΧӿɫââʥִһԶԡ
Ȼһڷǰ֮г֦ҶԼ١
ͷŵȼ磬â֣翪ʼ𶯣ǳҶ٣׾סˣѵǣ
䣡
֦Ҷͬһ㣬Ϊ˴֣ʮٿʼ֣ǿƽ飬Ȼ֦
ʮڷǰ𽥵׳
ʮ٣
ʴʧɫ㡢㡢㾹Ȼڣţ
ɣħ֣
ʮٴʱͨʮ̬Զŵ֦ҶΪٴ֣ȻһЩٴִճ𺳡˲䣬֦Ҷס

ʻбʮԴǷӳĹƣһſԴſͰٴҧˡ
ľɢգţʮٴ֣ۿҪȥ
ʮȻɳһ𣬽գҲﵽ쳣޴ĳ̶ȡ
䣡
̫ˣ忪ʼŤǺɫƼףʮٸഥ˺飬Ȼ֮У·Ҫߡ
Ҫߣ
ʮƯգȻƤߣ٣ٴλΪ˴ٴ֣ضգٶȫʡ
ʻδӳԶֱָס
㡢㻹ûĸ֪ˣ㲻к³
Զ
ʱʮٹ̫ˣħֵĿǰٴֽʲģÿһͷ­
£޷ˡ
ؿʮ٣ǰ岻ܷŹ㣬ϴοԻ㣬㣬һҲԣ
ߣһ죬Ҳܿĸʡ֪ɱɱңɣ
ʮɭɭ˵Щٴ֣Ȼʵ壬žȻڵѪҺ
ֱӽʵѪҺʵ֮С
ʮٲԶԸʼħףԶһĻЩ޷ţ̫ˣҲ޷һ
ʮ٣㲻ú˴ڣǱǸƿأѾΪū
ʼҪˡ
ҪƿҲףʮЦţ弸Ϊһտǡ
տǣ
Ϊһʼħ֮еڣжྪˣʮٻոɾһ棬ڴ졢ݹ
һΣħࡣ
ʮɰ塣
ˣû޵еĴڣãã棬˭Ҳ޷վڶ㡣


2565 նɱ
Զ֮սǿֲģ޷
ǿʣݺĽܣͬΪԶʮ٣ȴ֮¡
ʮٻʵʣԸоʱơﵽ۷壬һʼħֵʵһδԾ
ʼָȴʮٽɸɾ
һգ
ʮֱӸɵ˰һħ֣ҲҪŬǰͷնɱˣ
֮ҶѾסʺܳʱ䣬Է޷ɱ
ԼأȻڻָֹۡ
֪ʮնɱʵϢı

ҶȲܵȴɱ
ҪͷɱУӡҲڴ߷ʱ˿̣˵ʵﵽ˼¡
ͻͻͻ
סʵգȻӰ˷ӿ޵ľʯ
ʯΪ˾ɽֱ򼫻ѹ
ʵɿֲ˼㣬ɨɽɽ飬ֺɫκ׻顣
Ͻȫ޷ɱ֮ǰôڶнҶȲס״̬ࡣ
ͻ
дɽ֮УһһɶʯŲپɽ¡
ֻںЩɽЩͨʹУƾʻһҲûС
컯ȭ
밵Ĳ
Ǻʯżʴ⣬бȻһӰһӰͷҫ۵Ĺâ
飡
ӰҶȣͨԼΪʯ벻ҶȻðΣգ뿿
ʱʾͱҶһȭһȭУʧȥƽ⣬֮зڣʱ
ף
ûбը
һŴ춼Ѫ
ҶǿȻûнնɱ컯ȭֻˡ
ͨ壡
ˣ컯ȭشȻǿս׼Ҷȷһֹ
ϧԵǹףһӵоˡ
񼣣
һɽѸ͵شϷ

񼣣
Զ֮һ治Ǳ֮Ҷȵĵڶͨ壬߶񼣣֮ϡ
һײ񼣵ĹʶʱѪģٺɫƼ䣬ʾʣһ
ˣ
ƿնڰսӡ֮£Ҷ˹֮С
ͨ壬߶񽣣ںǰΧɱħ֣
Ҷץн
ĴнѾþ֮ȻﲻԪȴҲĽǿķ
ٿ
ܵشļʣַ
֮
ҲʩչһͨİѳĺӰ
Ƿᵽı̬
Ҷȿ޷ţѾݹٻЩ޷ţо˼ʵȻࡣ
Իʣ
н˳ȥ
򣡡
żʻڱ죬Ҷһͷ˴нȻںϣʵٴδﵽ۷壬߶֮ƣ֮С
񽣣
ͨԦ񼣣ڴǰһնͨΪһն˴֮С
ʱڲһѪܵشļʣ̫Ǳˡ
ݣ
нΪ108ԻʣҲ֮Уϯ֮ƣżչһЩѪ⡢ѪӴ֮б
ȡ߶񼣱Դ֮
д޷նɱʣѾ죬콫նɱһǾ鷳ˣػһս
Ҷȴ߶ǿ״̬Խ壬Ϊʱںϣһȫش߶˹
ͨڱ֮Ҳˣ֮ϣ뱱ںϡ
ϵ񼣣ңԶʱԶǿߵѪӵ޷ӵе
龻֣
ͨձ񼣣һ޴Ļ龻֣Ȼס˴ͨں״̬߶ںϣﵽǿ״̬
ָо̫ˣҵﵽ˼£
֮еҶȣͷ̫⣬ʵĹâͬʱԼǿ߷񼣣񼣳ںϡ
ʱǿ״̬
컯ȭ
ûн֮УҶƯ֮Уһȭһȭ
ٿ
վȻΪ˹ˣ˴컯ȭ֮С

컯ȭмʵײ
Ŵ֮У˴۵Ĺâⱬըơ
컯ȭ
ҶȿûֹͣѾ񼣵Ĵۣ񼣣Դ˴۱Ҫһնɱ
ٿ
һˣӹ֮б֮С
ڲռ䣡
Ĵ˫תʹļʡ
ܵҶͨشոձ죬߶֮ͱһĪĻ龻֣
ұнַ⵽Ҷȱǿ״̬ĹҲԲˣ֮ǰͷŷ֮˵ܴƴ򣬷κι
Ҷȫ߶컯ȭһȭһȭٴθʴش
񼣣Ҷͨ壬Լ
Ƕô޷
ҲҶƽһΣʩչȫ桢û취˭Ķǰ֮еǿߡ
飡
ڲ
ֹеļʣٴαѪģʮͷ­Ȼͬʱٵĺɫʯ˴
ûӳȥԻͻȻΪһסҲϹϾ֮Ҳɱȥ
һ컯ȭֻڲ֪컯ȭжٴΣȫͷ̫⡣
ģҲ޷ǿֻ֮вѪ
龻֣
Ҷ۵ùǺʲͲٹ龻֣ͨͷŵĻ龻ںϣȻһͬʼѹʡ
ףٻʲŹ㣬ĸʲŹ㣬һٶһ㣬ҲǶְ
ʷ˻𣬻ǲġ
Ҷ󣬰ȣǰҪ࣬ѵҪǰװ׳ΪǵʳʣһȻȥԸ٣ԼνĸʣǰϳĽ磡
㡢㲻óѵġ
ʷս֮ȻĴԻʶɿ
ʣ
һ԰ǿߣϻҶȵС
ûֻ־龻ָѹ
ɣ
ҶȽڣͨҲһڣ֮ҶϿգڻ龻ֵ룬߶ռʵ
˻˻
Ѫӻ龻֮ð˵ҶȣΪǱϺüѪһֱûϡ
ϸղΪѹʣּȫʱѾκħֽ֣Ȼ˼ʵǾͲһˡ
һʼħֵ㹻ҶȻָ
ʮٻжòܽħɣҶһѪһͷ
˻ӦҪһʱ䣬ʱʱ̿ϵδħɱ룬ȻֹۣԼ֣һʱ䣬ҾͻϹȥ
ãһҪܳһʱָܻ
ֿ֪֮ʼڤ纺ȡϵ϶Ըһħ֣Ȼ𽥱ѹƣɻȥ
ϻȥЩʼħӾͲùˡ


2566 ʥ
ռ䣡
Ҷڶʱ䣬ʡ󻤷ħնɱħֵսڲпĽС
ͨϵū߶ǧħ֣ǿߴΧɱħ֣ʱȥ·ռơ
Ϸһնߴʼħֵս
ǿӦʼħ֣мѾòӣȥҪһλλҲ䡣
ȻһĻˡ
գȻ˴ĺӰ
ѵаħɱ
˾ϣסһʼħ֣񼣣Ƿŵ񼣣ѿҪʼħֻ顣
˾оϿնȥ㿴ĺӰ˷硣
ħ֣
ǿľϾľ£ħɱ뷲磬Ψо
ٿٿٿ
һڶٶ
һͷͷħִг֣Լǧͷ֮࣬лٵħ֣Ȼʼħ֣ôħɱǶûа취ȥ赲
ǺƺƵĶͣ󣬲ͣշʹɽ罵ٶȲϼӿ졣
ͨͷųϢɱħֵСģЩħûбǲ׶Ը
һԼߣɱȥ
Щħһֶգ²ռ䣬硢Ӫ֮УֱӹӪ

ħֶԣ˴ﵽԪл񶼲Ƕ֣һ޷ֵһʳǧˡ
ħִѾȫɱ뷲֮УϷԸʼħ֣ϹŶߡǿвʱգֹһħ֣²㣬Ҳʼħֽ֣ЩԸħ֡
Ϊħֵٶռίʵ졣
һ£֮ǰռݵƣ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬Щħ޼ɵɱ뷲磬ķ֮Ѿʣࡣ
ˣ
ħѹʳ˴Ĺ֮С
Ȼӵ·һƬâ
Ƭâγҫ۵âӣڵҲͨâǽɫоǷͷųϢ
ѵǵǿ֧Ԯˣ
²ռ䣬ħɵڽڰˣȥħ־Ҫɱ֮С
ͻȻĽƹâ񿴵ϣ
ƹâԽԽ뷲硣
ǽⳤһƬ󣬲˴ӽⳤ֮УʮӰ
ЩӰ֮У󲿷ֶͷŵϢӰͷųɫϢ

롣
Ӱһģֳȣ󶼹ͷԵķ顣
ΧЩͷŵϢǺڰâӰޱȣλᣬ²ɣϢˡ
λһͷ꣬ҲͶʮ꣬ᣬĿɫ͸֮ɫ
һλˣģڵڶ꣬ȥΪĽ䣬ȥػδ
һҺúлĿ»ãã磬һصģ˹
л
Ҳһһʩ
ಣ
ʮ˶򵥣һɶħɱýڽڰ˵ϿգһƣȻﵽϹŶ̶ȣҹ̫һ˿Բסͷͨħ֣նɱ
ġ޻λʦȥ֧Ԯ񣡡
ӴλߣͷŽɫâ򷲽շȥ
ǡЩǷŵʥ⣡
һգˮ֮ϣڷʼħֵĹˮ֮ǽɫʥ⣬ɷ޷ŵ
¡
ˮ֮澳ͻȻһħӰɱǻʼħ֣ͷų񼣡
ħ
ʱ֧ԮλŮ׾Σˡ
ȷʧķţ̫ˣ벻зǿ֧ԮϾʿҲȷǵâݸ
շŵλǿߣǲδֱͶս֮У˸߿գһ
ڷ𷨣
λŸ֣ӡ֮˫ֺʮĬĬ߶ȻΧądӡ
Щӡ·Ҳоɱħ֣dӡ޷չħdǵıҲʧһЩ
ˣħָо˷âڲͬռƬŸ֡
޷ŵһĻˡ
ħֹȻûܣҲûзӲÿռƬǡ

ռƬǣǵɽ촷ۡ
ʧˣ
һͽŸնɱħҲɱ࣬ʼ뿪Щdӡȴûʧ
ಣ
ˣЩdӡȻһΪģǰһʧŸ֣̫ˣǧ򣬶ҸԽӡͷų𺳵ądӡ
ɱ
ħɱ˹ʮͷͨħֱ֣ɱŸֵӰΧڿռ֮С
Щ֣գǣ
ħʶθֵĲ򵥣ҼǅdӡһҪǾĹϢ
ͣ
ħַ˹ħ֣һɫ棬·ɫҪļħͷš
ʮͷͨħʼ߶һӰصądӡƿأ׼
ɫٴϯӰħΧӰһ
̫ǹ⣬
ɫ̫ˣѹdӡЩӰҲС
λķü֮ϳһd֡
廯Ϊ˽ɫĹâȻŸֵӰһͬķӡһʱһصķȽȽɫ濪ʼԿ
ٿ
ЩͨħֽһЩdӡǷŸֵӰͬռ䣬Ѫ֮Уɻûüɣһɷʹħڱˡ
ȣ
Ȼǻ
ħڱĻȴǻ棬һֳɫķ⣬Щ޷ݡ
Щ֮ը֮󣬹âʼһͷͷħ֣ƾħ޷ɷѡ
ںգǱħͷŵĺɫ棬ӰҲʼͷųǹصķ⣬ͬȼ
⿪ʼѹħֲٿصĺڰ棬𣬷ԽԽҫۣһΪ״̬Щηַɫ棬ɫ׷׾
Щʲô
ħָǻпռſһƬռ䣬ͬʱ˺顣
һħڰҲΪһһ飡
ЩӰֿʼɅdӡᣬ·Զᱻ˺顣
δǣߣصʵ
Ǿ¡׵ƤͬŮһ󻬣֮ţ̫ǹѹЩħ֣Ǿ޷Ųɱ䣬ڷǳʱڣɱҲһ־֮
֮ţ
Ӱһͬ˫ֺʮdӡ˲סһͷͷħ֡
ˣ
봦һŻ
ֻ֮ţһŻ
Żͷųصķ⣬dӡںϣͷųҫ۵âּħ֣ȻŻ֮С
ħֲģһռٴζռ䣬ǲסǵądӡͷŸʴʹ
ǡģ
ʱһӰϿջس֡
Ҷȵͨ塣
ͨӦϢָ߸ԶʱջָҶȣҶһ£ͼпǵ귲磬Ǹķš
Ǹʧڷ磬δɽ硢ʥġ
ӰʼںϣҶĻˣŵԣȹĿຣҵţ


2567 նɱʼħ
յʥģǫ飬Ǹꡣ
λЦ֮УҲ͸Ųɣ
ģʱټ棬־ڿͨ壬ҵı֮Уŵķ𷨹ȻҪ֧Ԯ񣡡
ҶȼʥģжʱοͻȻһֻζҲ֪ΪΣҶһִ
·ֻصշݴ½
ʥһҲʥģɹʱ֣ٴۣƺһ޷ݵֻء
ֻأ
ңԶ֮УռҶȱٷͨĻдͻȻץסʲô

ȼ˾˵ֻϢ̫ںϵֻϢҶǰֳһֻ硣
Щƴ򣬵еĵطִһ
ֻأֻأҶȵֻѪȻһ̳ںϣҳΪֻߣ
ͫƣеһжֻϢ
һθҳΪֻߡ
ҶȽӡ֮徹ȻΪ˳ĳںһգȻ֮еһ㳾
ٿΪ״̬ʹҶϸӶһɲʡ
һɱҪչĹһһ붼쳣Ҫȫںϼ
ϵѪҲʼϣò˶ãںϼָܻ֮ǿ״̬
ս
Сģ
һʼħڹۣڵ񼣣
ۼԦҹ񼣣Ѿ𲻿սֱ½Ȳ֮£ͷű𣬻Ϊޡ
ͷžģﵽתת״̬ǿ߶ֹʼħ֡
׵ʧҲ޷ո֮ȥ˱ػħֵС
˿̣һڰӰ
Ҷȵķո˻һɫ棬ı屾ɺڰ˻ʼħ֡
ħֱһлѪģڿռ֮лΪ˱ֱӾ߶֮վڷ࣬һͬǿâ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬Զķգ˾˵Ĵը
áɷ𣡡
ۣԼףӦɾը
ҪΪ㱨𣡡
ըķ߿գ˲ΪС
Ҷ֮˳ͬɽ񼣣
ǰǱըâ֮Уɷڲ飬ɷԱķʽʼħͬھӶҶ
ǻʼħֲδɷնɱˣǴը֮Уɷ񼣵Ĳк飬ֱ׺ݵҶſͻһڰ֮䡣
Ҷ߶ɽ񼣣Ѿ״̬񼣣ȫȼɱȥ

һӰǰɱ
ͨ壡ͷһֻʾɽ䲻˻ʼħϣƴһٴش˻ʼħ֡
ǻʼħ̫Ӳˣͬʬ壬ȫںƣռѣͨ幥
񼣣
ͨʩչ񼣣ʱͨҲ·õһȭǻʼħֵĴײһ𣬲¡
ūҲ˳ɱͨ岻ٴ߶ѪħΪ֮ǰһħ֣һ붼֮£ѪħҲˡ
ūɱȻֱʼħ֡
֪
ͷʼħֱҪūĺɫƼף񼣶˺飬οһūͣ
ȻūͬһһǺƼ׵վ飡
ˣ
ҶͨȻģ¶˾ϲЦݣǺū㱻˺飬ҲѾǰΪūѪħ̫ħ
ūѾʼħһֲ
䣡
ͨҶǻʼħΪūնɱˣû˼ԵūѪѪ͸ħֵ˿֮С

ɱһᣬֳаȼѪӻʼħֵ˿ڱ
ʼħֵʹ໴У֪ʲôĥ壬˿ڴȻ˾˵ѪɫС֡
ѪɫСԽԽͬӤС֣ħֵ˿ڳ
ħּЩС֣ʶſɫ棬ʼѪɫС֣ҲڹħԼ
ͨҶץסᣬħ֣ħ쳣ʹ࣬ҪѪɫСճɻҽѪɫСںɫ£ճ˻ҽȴпʼ
β룬ͣϢ
֮
˫ʹһᣬūˣȻħһԴ֮г˳ΪһѪѪˡ
ʼħֿһĻԼŻˣһУſҧ˵ū
ūʱҲӡˣӡܼ򵥣ӡһʼħֵָѪɫС֣Ȼ໥Ϊ˾޴ѪֹʼħһԴҧɱ޴Ѫ˳ƲסħԴ
ʱʼħγһԲȦΪԴūƣʣ¾˵
񼣣ѹ
ͨһԦŻ񼣣Ҷٻɽ񼣣ΪɽѾʩչͻ᳹׻ʵһ˺֮⡣

ͬʱħ壬ЧԣͨʵǿҶȲ࣬ϻֱӹħ֣ħһѪ˺飬ѪֱͨգȻҪΪ
Ҷͷŵ˺֮⣬ҲħһѪڡ
ħܵػһɵūԵū֮ǣֻ벻ūɱģַʽɱ
Ѫĵطūͻڼڻʼħڣʼħι޼£Ҳɱū۵ūڲϴ߶ʳħֵǿԼ
ӡ
ʼħֻаķݣձ̫ˣͨ忪ʼϵūӻ֮ͷųһħֲס
һūͬһ㣬ѪɫСֳ֣ҿʼ˺ʼħֵ壬һѪⱻ˺飬һɫƼױ׹ա
̫񽣣
ʱʼħѾõĻᣬȻһߣͲ׶Ըˡ
ͨӡ֮ſһ裬һ̫񽣳ˣֳ̫񽣣һ˻ʼħϡ
ͣ
һͲ㽫ħԼ֮һ֮ǰȥ
ۣһڽħֵء
ɱɱ
ҶһĻ뵽ɷԱһĻ÷˷Ƶģһ⽣Żʼħһݺȥһ
ɣ
ūˣִһֳȻС֣ջʼħֵ
ͨ彫һڣ
ಣ
̫ˣնɱһͷʼħ֣ͷħҲҪ
ۣ֪Ҷͨ塢ūնɱħֵϢǼѣ
ǿģʱʼħɱ˫־Ȼɫâ

˫ֵâ˾˵١
ЩӿضգȻʼħɱǰٴֲɱסʼħֵ
ȭ
ʥ𣡡
ץסᣬŻʼħʱͷǿĹһ˽һ˻лʼħ֡
֮
ͷħ־Ȼ˿µ
ʶĿֲ죬Ҳٴ֣Щֻزסʼħ֡

ʼħֵıȻ֣һſԴ٣ٴͷžٴֳûѳħһظס


2568 Ч
ʩչʮٵʼħֲסչ͹ʮٿʼħֵ
ħַ֮ȷǿֲʮסǳԴ޷չʮ٣ֻᱻѹ
ôһͷʼħ֣ҪΪʮٵ
ಣ
λʼħɱ·ս˵ȴǲġ
ʥĴŸ֣ʮλϹŶ֧ԮȴҲֹħִƻ磬ľ档
ɣǿʧأ޷ڶʱնɱʼħ֣޷׵ס
ʱȥҪʧȥһУҲҪΪħֵʳ
ಣ
Ҷȳˣ˼ʵƿնսϿա
ȿ˿ʥģ벻ʥʵǿ֮ɱͷħ֣ٿףûһλ׵񼣣ģ˳Ƶ񼣣׵񼣼Ҫ顣
ڽڽڰˣҲԿʼħ֣ȥ
ɨսҶȾͽ濴޷赲塣
컯ȣ
ʱܳ뷲һҶʩչ޵ľͨ컯ȣںֻ
ɲǼ䣬֮Ӹ߿ϯսʡռ䶼̫⡣
ף
ɲǣּ̫⣬˹뷲磬ҲΪ˹
ϣȼ˶־ϣ
ģ
Ҷٻһ
Ҷ
ʥ˲仯Ϊ⣬ӰֶҶȽܣλԶŷŴԶŴսҴķӣĴʦ޻ڴʦǷšľһֱڵػ񼣡
λʦҶҲܵλߵǿߣⲻһǿʵҲﵽ˴˾ĸ߶ȡ
û񼣵£ܽʵֵزǲš
ģҸܵǷŵľ̫֮ͬһͬͷž֮ħаǵսҲҪǵͻƻԪһ磡
ԭٻʥģŸ֣ҪҪ֣һͬʩչ֮
ʥĵӦ޻ڡλʦ׼
ಣ
ͨҲֶҶְһͨͷš
ǡ˵֮еͨ壬˼飬ԪǵһμŶͨ壬ҶϢģ޲޻ڴʦ
ͨһͬӡͬʱͷų뱱񼣣һͨʵҲﵽ˼¡
ͬʱӡ龻֣ں컯ȣ
̫ǹ⣡
׼õʥġ޻ڴʦĴʦҲͷų֮ǰޱص򷨷ӡҲΪ˽ɫķ⡣
ܿ컯ȵĹںϡ
𣬼ͨԼ߶ľ֮ʱ򱶣
ʲô֮ǰҶһ˵컯ȣֻͨħֵƣʼħֵжѹһ֣Щͨħ֣жʼٻռҲٹ졣
ڹ֮£𽥻ָǲһУħִɱȥ
Ҷȱڻ龻ϿգȫͷųɷֻΪֻߵںƬ֮С
ڤӿȥڤٽڣħٿӵһʲôħɱһУ׷ˣ
ڤ纺߶񼣣Կһʼħ֣ϳʱʱ֧ԮÿԼסҲһͷʼħɱˡ
ȷʱˣõ⵽һвڤҲͬˡ
㱣ڤҰڤȫƿأһ磬ҪڲףҲҪʮٵ
ãһȫ
ҶҲ÷ȥæҲҪڤ
֣ҲҶҪˣ
Ҷȵ־ʼһս֮еͷţԼ·ʧص񣺡λףѾ·ˣȥڣ׾ǵĻȡնɱħ֣
ǵ־ɢûк֮ǣôǿԻȥħ־һս
ͬʱҶȿʼתĻ龻֮УԴаȻ֡
ҵļڵҵүүҵĸףҵãҪ׷ף
ֵսˣһҲûлװҪΪǱ𣡡
뱣ңң
ָң߳пսɣ
Ҵ

ʼһһ
ܿһƬһƬ𣬵˺棬ͬɽХҶӿ
ȻֻҶȲüΪÿеźĺջΪϣҲΪΪص֮

Ǹǿ˲Żϣ־Ǳ߳

ӸڻΪԸ׸ĳһʱǸӵоͨͻӦϣ
˶ϣΪ׸ĳһʱô˽ƿ޿ֲ
ؼ䣬δһˣһ񣬿ԼԦ
ڴʱ˿̣ҶĹϣɱԻǣȼݼϣ
Ҷʵĵĺ־ĺջΪϵƼҶӿ
ԣоҵΧӵоƬʱգͬҵսʲô
þ֮ҶͻȻԼƿﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ߶컯龻ֵٶȣﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
֮ǿҶҪƿصĻ龻֡

һӻ龻֮У𲻿˼аЩǴӰ塢Ϣ֮Уն
Ҷſڿʼʳһڽһڣʼϯ
ӣ
뵽һλλħսǣǣ
һһѴ󲿷Ϊ˴ӣȻͷ־һſӴһλλסһǰ
ϴնɱһͷʼħ֣ʬ彻ˣ
ʥ޻ڴʦĴʦλͨ߶ľ£սԳԽ˰塣
ҶȸӣʼΧɱ壬ǳףɱһͷʼħ֡
һϷҶɱħ֣Ѿնɱͷʼħ֣ʣͷĻʼħ֡
ȥֻҪھ֮Уʼħʧȥƣڴôռпܽħնɱ
ҶȽնɱĻʼħʬ壬ǰ˿ֱڣڿԽȫӴ˻Ϊӡ
࣬ջʤģ
󷴹£Ѿ峬Խ˰塣
ʥļһĻ·սʤ壬ȡʤȻ࿪ʼؽĽ硣
ٵڴʱ֮Уʼϣʤ֡
࣬ǿϣģɱôˣҲҪۣ
Ȼһ֮Уڹ
ѵа֧Ԯˣ
Ժͬʱðͷ
ٿٿٿ
գۼ䣬һЩɫ棬Ӹ߿׹硣
ۣ
ϷҶȣȱһɫ壬ǻ棬һСȭͷСĺɫʯ
ǵŴħ֣ףƻ񼣵ĺɫʯ


2569 ̫֮ڤ
Ҷһ𣬿źɫʯȻ硣
ͻϮ˷
ɫʯ
ǵ񼣶Ĵڣ̫ˣ̺˴ԪϢ޼᲻ݵʡ
һ¾ܽ飬ôأ
̧ͷһն׹ĺɫʯ׹
ҶͷСԼֻѺɫʯ磬Ǻɫʯ׹ٶȻ
ΪʩչСֻƲٷ֮һʯ׹䣬ֻ΢΢ı˷򣬲δƿ
ֻСԸԦЩɫʯħ֣
ҶȲƣʥһವһ˷˳ȥ
ಣ
磬ԼƬ;в׹µĺɫʯôɫʯһΡд䡣
ӿٶȣͻȻ񷣬ǧħ֣һӣͷһɺڹ⣬ɫʯ
٣ˣ
ӣҶȾѴɱ⣬һȡ
Ŷ
ͻȻ֣ͣƺ벻࣬Ĺ֮У
ԭ㣬Ҷȡҵһ㵲סҶȵȥ·
٣
ȷǷ٣ǸƲȱµķ١
ĺúõģ
ŷٳ֣ĹҲʧˡ
Ҷ٣ת·ʩչ컯ҲʧһŨҵѪԼʹϳ֡
ܿʧˣս
Ȼǧٿףʬ壬˲֮һ䣬֮һˡ
Ҳٴ飬׻ˣ
еħִҲˣԷٵĹĺɫʯҲش˰
ÿµĹȻһնɱô񣬷һ֮ȫɥҶȳ֣ĻҪʧ롣
ಣ
·һâֻ˾硢˷ǰʥĴŸ֣ϾϹŶһͬҶȷ
Ҷһĸ棬ٿǣĸûбɫʯ˵˿ڣҲ⡣
·Χͬشİ
ٻʣ
ˣ
֮ǰɱĻʼħ֣һس˷ٵΧҲ˺ۡ
ٿǣһɨ֮ͷʮħ֣ʼħ̰ţһƾȻڻָ
ǿֹҲֹˣ
Ϊһ˵ǰ٣
ϲʶ٣Ըоİħ֮еĻƣ˵ʵԶħ֮ϡ
ʱҶȵΧۼǿߣҲоˣҲеūҲףҲһϹŶ
ϣ
Ҷȣĳɳٶ̫ˣϴͫ׷ɱ㣬㼸ѡ
ٴʼħ֣ٴοҶȣ֮ҲûоԸ㣬벻̶ʱ䣬ʹﵽչ֮ĸ߶ȣ
٣أҶȵһ⣬Ҳһֱڵĵ⡣
ޣһǰµģҰǿĸɱЩ࣬ջǵϣ

޾ȻΪ˰
Ҷˣơ纺硢ˡٻꡢն˶š
ޣǿɰЦӣһֱԺ֮ȥ
ôܾͳΪ˰
ҶûðɣǵΪǣ٣㰵δսҲʧ룬ʧȥĽ磬ѵ㻹붷ȥܾˣ
ҰٶҲ󣬴پʱȥܣ𣬵滹ĴڣֻҪ޾գҰǲģҶȣԼЩ࣬ڻԷֿȥﲻһ಻ǵĶ֣
㰵ǿ󣬿ҲʧܣĩսڣǰȻĽ磬Ҳɱ˴󲿷֣
ǲҪҶȵģ
پȻҶȣЩǿߣǿ˲٣Եľͷҡҡͷǰ޷սʤģ
˾վԶŴսʤˣ
ɴݣ񣺡ԶŴսȷԶŴսǸʱڣദǿ۷ʱڣ108񼣣108ףΣǻһյϣԪʧȥ֧Ľնɱ󲿷ԶžֻʮԶŴսǿģҲòϣһԪ޷ҰԿģ
ˮ֮ĺȵˣҲԸںڰ֮УԼںڰ֮Уʧ磡
޷սʤǰģ
˵ҶȣȻͷ֮ϯ磬·
Ҷȣһ֪ʲôǾ
ͻȻ䣬ƺҪ֡
һɲǣڼƣҪٽ֡
ȴһڰһڰâ֮ӿ֣ڰ֮УȻ͸һ˿â
Ϣ
˾ˣ
ɡܣϾʿҲǺڰ֮⡣
ʱ׶ӦʲôյϹŶҲޱ𺳵ı飬·֪Ǻڰ֮âʲôڡ
ˣ
ҶȵĿⰵҡҡͷܣܣôܻţ
ûвܵ£ٶҰ˵ҵİ޾õ֮ĸ߲磡
𽥵ؿƺڰǺڰ֮ԽķŴƺӰ
ΰװ
еľͷսعǺڹ֮еӰĿ⼤Ρ
źڹڷʩչ֮£Ŵһ˵ĺڰռ䣬ǿռ棬ǰ𱻺ڰסӰӰ󷽣ʮߺǣǺȻӡס
ף
һλ˴󲽳˳Ҷ
ǺʥϽϹŶ֮һ˾֮µĵӣġ
汻Ҷס֮һͬع£Ǻڰ֮⣬·Ӧʲôڣ𺳡ʹĴڡ
ϤϢ
ڰ֮УҲλסӰ˻̾˿ԵΣִŵЦݡ
λ
ٿڰ֮⣬мĸֶ˵ǰĽ磬һΣ˰ɣ
ף

еסϹŶǿߣǵϥء

Ǻڰ֮⣬ͻȻڷٴһץսĻζӰ𽥵ұλӰͷŵĹâ
λӰͷŵĺڰâ
ⲻǰǿߣͷųΨ
λӰźڰ뿪ڰ֮УǵգٴθԪǰ
λˣֻǲ֪ĥ˶꣬ǵϸĳѣЩѿǰ磬λƤ֮ȥ
ұλ̧ͷ¶Ϥգ֮
λһ·̧ͷĵߣ̫ڤ
ףڹȥĲȻûûԶŴս֮䡣
񼤶ߡ
ȴ̫֮ڤȻͷǰֻĥйŭĹߣλҵѣɹļԪǶǵЩϢɣػķ磬ɣѾҰƻ·ǵҲڲ֮󣬱Ұ𣡡


2570 ķ٣ԶŴս
硭
ԶŵĹ䣬֮ƣؿ򷲽磬ﶼϢʱգ٣Ľӭƽ٣ĽҲֻƽٵһ֣ȹⳡƽ٣ĽΣǰЩܳĺǣǻٿһµļԪ
䣡
˻һ֮䡣
ҵǣδǣ졢硢ɽ硢硢ĽĻʵѱԤһжƽٵδӵидδ
֮ο˵ȻĿҶϣһԵ̫ڤڤ֣Ҳ˰ɣǰˣ̳ҵ־չϵԤԣں˺ڰ
ҿˣ
̫ڤ壬Ǻڰ͵һ£ͫҶϣ˰ǺηӵйڰԸıδΪߣǴ񡭡
ƥ򣬱۰ɣ
·̫ڤҪ˵ʲôԸıһе֪ٶˡ
˫ֱַһץץס̫ڤԴץס֮Դ
١ҶͻȻվ
Լе
࣬ǿ˰ɣ̫ڤ֮ǿĴڣȻѹĥ磬ۿĽʹζҲ᲻ɣ뱾ΪУǱʾͻὫѹȻţɱնɱģ
ٻָǶħı飬ɭɭɨǿߣ׷桢Ұ壬ϣߣֻ
٣бһսҶȿ̫ڤ֮ʹı飬һѪڷڡ
ٲмҶȣʲô㿴ȱ̫֮ڤҵĶ֣ƾ㣿
λ
Ҷȿ񣺡̫֮ڤλǰĥԪҹҹʹ֮УλǰûֱڣҲǶ𣿡
һ仰Ҷȵŭÿһ
ңҲ·񴫵ݶȥ
Ȼ仰̫ڤ֮ͬʱοЦݣǵ˫ۻرϣͻ΢Ц
밵岻ݣ
񷢳ɽХź
Ҷȣ
ŭɶ߸ߵؾ壺డҪǿǾ
䣡
˫̫֮ڤԴץ飬Լǵ壬ȻְϹŶѪ⣬˫֮С
ڤˣ
䰡
һ۾ʪˡ
ϹŶǰҲղ̵رնɱ󳹵ױڵķŭ
־Ҷһ̸ܵˣ
𡭡ɣ
̵ؽ̫ڤ֮նɱ֮󣬷תź
ಣ
ǧħִɽ֮д
ɱ
ʼħִǧħ֣ӷٵԷɹɱȥ
ڰչƣһλλ׵壬񼣵Ϊķ
սˣ
ȻҶûкһʼħִŰ֣ҶȶһƯڸ߿գ֮ϡ
Ҷȣ㲻ҵĶ֣ĮȻȵ
ǲĶ֣ҽ֣Ż֪Ҷ侲Ӧ

һһɺڰʱΧռ飬ΪһУҶ˺ڰ֮С
ƹȻҶ˺ü
գۼ䣬Ҷǿߣ޾֮С
޵֮սʹչ
Ҷȣν
֮С
ٳˣȻŭ֮侹Ȼһ󷽵գȻץ˹ҶֱӾȥ
̫ǿˣ
һ֣پչֳԽʡʵʵһ˴ͨһ־뽫Ҷնɱ
񼣣
Ҷȴ߶˹񼣣Ȼ߶ֻߣ򣡡
߶֮ҶӡǰռаĴ
ǿռͨĲġ
¡
ץգòս֮󣬳ױըֽҶȾ
ٴδһһΣסƶգײǵðѹײ顣
ˣзٵĻߣ߶ԸˣձشǴߣնɱߣΪˣ벻Ȼ٣ץˣ
սҶߣҲͷų˵Ϣ
ԴӼĹ֮񣬸ҶȴشҲһͷˮѵ㵱Ҳ֪£
˼ܵشҪΪౣ㽫ҴУ˵ʧ޷Ӧ˵ϢΪˡ
ֲõ񳹵ںϺ󣬷һӡǣʱ;úܲԾԭǹ֮δ䣬ֻ־ˣ
Ҷ󣬸𺳡
ԶŴս಻׵ĵط֮䣬ϹŶãôһ£
̫ڤҲкܶɻ֮
ǵ̫ڤԶŴս֮ǰˣΪ̫ڤû䣿Ҳٸѹ
ڵѹ̫ڤϢû֪
ܣһж̫ˣ
٣
ҶȿռٿƵնԿţͻȻһ̫ڤôᱻ㵽׶Եʲô
ǰ쳤Хڲ뵽⣿̫޴ˣԶŴսǱһɵģ
ܣܣҶȲš
ٻָɱʢ״̬ʵģ
ԶŴս֮ǰʱδȱڣνģҶɻ󣬾㡣
ԶŴս֮ǰ߻ԶŴսôνģΪԶŴսʱŴȱڣȱɱ죬ӶԶŴսױ
Ҷȣ㿴Ǹ˿ڣڵʵҲﵽ˵֮ĸ߶ȣ㿴ȴԻѵܻ𣿡
ǰ̣ܣʵҲֻǳ˹֮һЩȴȻԴݵʵ
԰ҾԪһʣҲǺɫʯ˶ټԪһ֣ڴݣҲȱڵĵطӱݻһСӣһ΢ĿӣȻǿķڽ˴죡
渵˵Щȥֱҫ밵ǿ󣺡ݵȷ̣Ҳ˴󲿷ܶԽ죬Ҳ쳣ǿ󣬺һԪķ磬ʱĲԼһӣҲ˴ñʻָĵĴ죬ҾͿǿ̶ȣһ񼣣һףԼո
ڴ쿪ʼȥ˺ܶطпǿף˽˴֮ȥ磬Ҳܺ嫣ʱףڿٸңԶʱգʱҾ취ԸǣһˣУһ˿ԽĽ磬Ұ˶ԽһҲսסʱҸող֪һǿף̫ڤӪȥ磬ĺڰʿܵų⣬ͬкڰʿԸ£̫ڤźڰʿȥ˴ҳ֮ǰ˽Դ˵񼣣


2571 ɱ
֪̫ڤϢҾ֪ҵĻˣ
˵˫ͫ𾼾󣺡Ȼ簵дʱգŪûһܷҵĴڣԪ֮ȥɽ磬ɽ̫Сˣȥһʾͷֳ˴죬Ľ޷赲ҰĲʱʼҾʹҪ죡
ѵ֮Ҳ㣿Ҷ󾪣벻һ˴˴죬硣
ֶ̫ˣԶŴսǰϦʱʱչʱжǿߣȻû˷ַ١
֮ȷǿʱҲûаսնɱʱĹ֮ڴ񣬿δ֪ʱգ˼ע죬Ƕʱ䣬ֽһ뿴һ̫ڤΪڶǿ࣡
ȥ˵ʲ֪һƬδռ磬ϧȻĽһ֣Ұ壬޷ģȥʱȴһʮ˲ռոյҸӦǿϢʱ֪̫ڤ
ûʧ̫ڤȷǿ󣬶ֶҲܾˣ˵񼣣ʮ˲̫ڤһٶɽʵһ磬ԣǿģⲻֻ֪Լ־ϰ̫ڤҵػ˵񼣣Ƭʮ˲ʱʮ˲δжǿռҲˣ
˽⵽Щн˴죬Ľļƻʱʼʾͽʮ˲֮УѰҶ꣬ҵ˽ӽ̫ڤİ취ԣ̫ڤǱʶԸõֶΣʱ̫ڤвǿߣ̫ڤøĴڣʾնɱһ𣬱̫ڤһǿߣ
ٵ⣬·ڵΪһ֮Уֵû뽾ľ
ɭɭ˵һ仰λǿ߾ǸոմӵðˣҲ̫ڤίΣƿصַĴڣڰ񣡡
ʲô
ڰ
Ҷ𺳵°Ͷϲϡ
ڰ˭ȥõеԶϹŶڰ֮䣬ʦͽеĹϵ
β𾪡
֪Ϊ˲˼飬ʱһۣʾʹϸоԴϢԭ㻹õ˺ڰ׵ĴУ걾նɱڰʱ޷ںϡ־־ڵ֮У˵ĵõ
Цʶಢ˽⣬ڰ󣬲ܽκһ־ɱ˺ڰҲʵȻﲻǿߵĸ߶ȣ˵ȷйʿʼɱֻΪеĿܣ˵Ҳͷʧȥ
ɱ˺ڰһģ
ںڰҶ
ҲԺڰĹȥǺ˽⣬ģ벻Ȼ⵽ٵĶ֣Ҷɱ⡣
ɱ˺ڰ֮󣬱߶̫ڤּ£ȻʼӴ̫ڤͨԪĽӴ֪ʵжǿ󣬵ȷ߶ʮ˲ôʵﵽ۷壬ʶгװսնɱԪķչ̫ڤǿߣҲһ磬ڶԪ֮󣬱ʾͲݷǿʼж
Ըİ취Ե뷨̫ڤ뿪磬Ǳƣǿ߶ԴԹصϵҲǿе࿪ʼ緢սһͳĽ磬硢ɽ硢罨һûйĺڰ磬һжΪգ
ʱʾ֪ˣԸİ취ҲˣǰɿЩսߣʼ̫ڤһδս뷨Ҳ尵͸뷨ȻЧսĵǿԽԽ࣬һ˶Ϊ緢սԴƽǱϳԹޣ
һδ̫ڤԸ緢ս̫ڤȴδͬԸ뷨Ľƽ⣬ҵʱҲӵʮ˲绥ţΪλҪս
úڰݣһδɿǿߣ̫ڤǼ뷨ûа취ֻг̫ڤʱڵ˴ʵһԸ̫ڤѲ£һǺڰݣݣһξۻ̫֮ڤ뿪ʮ˲·翴ΪһԶŵһֱӰʮ˲
ǹ֮У̫ڤˣҲûУͱһѹѹ̫ڤ֮󣬾뱾ʺڰһ˼Ϊû취ֻܽǿѹȻټǿߣ̫ڤ翪սˣ໥ɱʵһڳɹ
ͷ̰ŤЦݣÿһ仰ԣһĹƷ͡
ԭԶŴսһġ
ҶĸӺ޲ϽնɱΪԶŴսٵ䣡
뱾кιϵ
дʣˣҲգ۾ձʵļƻʼ׼սҲϤ˵鱨翪ʼȫ׼ս£ʵȴҲˣ
ǿд̫ڤϰһ־սʴ̫ڤı뿪˵ٻص磬ȫ濪ʼ̫ڤһĻ֪жΣ
ִ죬ЩҲȫﱸսʴ̫ڤڰУȴֵ籬սкܳʱ䣬ʱ˫ӿս£ǰһЩ࣬Щ죬Щ׽Ӵ׼˱ʻӽ֮Ǳߺܳʱ䣡
٣ࣿڴ죿Īǡ𣿡
ʱⷬҶԺӿһӰ
ˣȥɻ󣬻ϤԶܽҶȷȻϵ
ҶȲ뵽ǽŰ졣
氢ߵǿߣꡣ
ǰڣҲǱãӺ˰
𣿡
ҲͦȻĬһᣬŲмͷˣȷ֮еľţ˿ɲڰ̫ڤ࣬ӵм̵ģֻǸô죬˾ͰԼɴκ˷һٳȻһҲǱʵļƻԽ̰ԽǺã
֮󣬱ͨһЩǿǿߣͬʱʵȴĻҲˣҪȥ硢ɽԲùƣԶͨǼƻԶͨΪսд󲿷׶뿪˴죬ʣʮ֮һǿػݣ
Ϊӿ翪սʾڵµ̫ڤ־նɱļȻһڰܣڵɿս£̫ڤϢ̫ܵڤƿءѹƵĲֱֵӼӿսǴŴʼԶͨ
ʿʼ͵ϮݣҪһӣҰɱ죬࿿ݣЩײʿʼ͵ϮݣΪһɱݣʻ̫ڤ󲿷Щ갵ץĴ֮󣬼ϱ֮ǰĽ֮ռʣȫһ͵Ϯݣ


2572 Զŵһ
ʱֻһڱȫ£Щʧȥʱ£һٽݻһӣҲǺȱڣػݵЩŻعͳͳΧɱʣʿһЩ͵ϮһףȻԱһվȱ赲׷ӡȱڣ
˵ȱʱ龰ٻƣ뱾һսȷĶǣ̫ˣٶ񼣣Σô֮ԸʣȷӰ챾һȱڻͬʱҲԶͨɱ˷硢ɽ硢磬˸ϻشףһֻص磬Ѱձʼƻ໥ɱ
Щʾ͹˲ˣΪҰٽ죬ȫ֣ڰҲʧڵµǵڰ־ܣҲһʧˣһʱ䣬ҰĻߡߡȱڣǿɱ죡
Ұһ֪ǻΪǵǿߣ̫ڤ˼ƻ죬Ұɱǲ֪ԺδҪסҰΪʱҰǿڴ׿սҪȥ֧Ԫ
ǴԪȷĽ޷ʺòҵԪڵĵطС磬һߣٰǿߣϻС磬ȻԪʱ֮Ҳ˹ˣҰǿߵڻ˴ԪҪˣ
ʻǵ͹Щ״ɱҰ岽ˣԪȻˣ֮ȻȣԽԽǿաʾˣ֮ʧٽĽ磬һȾǵȵԪ֮ĩ
ҶȣôҰǿɣıݣ磬ɵֵҰĲʧȥ˴ԪĽͻʧ໹ɱԼĽ
ٽĳХ
Ҷȴʱ侲Ϊ֪ԶŴսǰǰܣ٣㰵ɱĽ磬ʧأ108˴룬أǰҲ˲ٰɣҲҪصĴۣ
޷ģ
ٲ£ԶŴսʱڣҴĴ֮࣬Ұ󲿷ֵĻߣһʮߣٶǿߣʱҰеΪĸԶ֣ͿԻĽ磡
벻벻ʮߣڻԪʱһ¾ٶħ֣Ϊ˻ԪԸ࣬뿴ͷǲҲᱻҰɱ
޷ģҪǼɵԪʴл߶Ը࣬Ὣ108ףͳͳɱ⣬һʵҲֻ֤ʮߣǿԼѲ㽫ȫնɱǵöлԪʱΪҪ֮ͻˣҰҲõȴʮԪɱĽ磡
ãֵõģһսˣ֮һսҲʴﵽ׶ΣһǿߣҾ޷ѹ֮ս֮ڴ׵սڼʱ󲿷ֻʼǿ߶ˣ֮ǰɱ˴ֳ֣֮ˣѹʮλ֮ȻŽʣȱڳˣ
ʱ׷ɱǵҲûУȱ뿪ȱڣſʼӡȱڣʧȥ˹֮Լ󲿷֮޷׻ָȱڵģʺٴɱĽĻᣬңԶӦңʱĸҲɱĽ磬ػ𣡡
˵ô࣬ʱؿҶȣֵزҶȣȱ޷赲ʣЩ𣿡
ɲԲ˵ģ֪
Ҷ˫ͫ˸ƣ㾿ôˣ
Ҷȣ޿ɲģҲĽģһЦϴڣĴڣ͵ҰĸʲĴڣ
Ҷȸ֪޵Ľ
ҰǿڣҲһģҪᣬһĻᣬµ񣬱ҲøһУ
ٴʱͷŵ΢΢һЩҰԨΪʳΪңǵϢǰ޷Уֻܿԭʼϱǿ󣬶ҲǰͬΪʳǿĿСĴڣǰ淨Ȼеİõ죡
ʲôǾӵвͬھǰ֮УָӵбĴڣԭ򣬻лл㣬ɾڣΪҰµߣҲ֮ǰûɱԭΪĹϵϣԳΪ׷ߣҰ׷Ҳһ룬㣬࣬Ϊǵʳ
෱ֳ̫ˣԶҰ壬ͳһ࣬ΪǵūôǾͲֱͬ࣬ǵĺЩūֳÿһΪҰʳһϢҰҲԽǿ󣡡
ϧ̫֮ڤԸ˳Ұ壬ԶŴսʱھ͹˳ĻôǣҾͿԿ࣬Ұ޾ʳҲڴԶŴսڣŵ˲ˣҲҰΨһȱݣ
ԱҪл㣬δһʱͽնɱĸֳѪӵгʵĴѪϧΪĳЩԭؽĽ磬ʱĸʻΪѾˣ֪ٴ
ʱʿʼЩţŷҲŵԭΪѾ죬ҷ֣ڵıԭ򣬾ȻľѪҲѪҺһֱĽĸ־ڱˣΪҰһҰϣˣ
һ˵꣬ٶŤԱǲǸлл㣿Ҷȣһֵޣ㽫δѪҺӶ죬ڴ˲˼ıཫڵϣҲҶȣӻ࣡
ƨͨ޲飡ҶȷһЩЪ˹
ΣҲ޻Ϊĵˡ
ĵˣҲĵˣҲǳơ纺ڤ硢ն޳Ϊѵĵˡ
ҲҶȣ֮ô飬֪ͨͨ㣬Ǹһ·ڸҰ壬㻹ܻţ̫ڤ֮³ҲˣѵҲôȥһһУữΪӰ粻˿ӡ֤
˵ô࣬Ҳǰ׷ѿˣԶŴûб̫࣬𡢺Ԫ۵ǰûб࣬ҶȻᱳ𣿡
Ҷȼĺȵ
ʾͳȫ㣡
ƶտռԿ
ҶȻûиı⣬ٱŭѣٴδһץץһƬգҶڵǰƶȥ
ɣ
ҶҲűɱ֮ģҪ١
ٲԶа
ԶŴսһĩսնɱôϹŶٻȥĻϣ


2573 а
Ҷ٣ɱһʱսҲɱѪȷ硣
ʼħôֱǿ󣿡
֮ǰŬְ׷ˣ
գһжġ
ơ硢˾ˮ֮ף赲ʼħɱ룬ͷһ񼣵ֶԿʼħ֡
˶ڣҳƴ߶ͨһն飬һлΪ
׶֪׵Ѵ󲿷ڣӶ߶ͨԼ̵ʼħ赲ڸ߿ա
ûзڤԼҶ£Գնɱʼħ֡
ҺʥĴĴʦ޻ڴʦͷų⣬һʼħֵ׻䡣
Ϸǧħֹ֮С
·սߡϹŶͷԵūΪģԿǧħ֣Ҳֹۡ
̫٣ūϹŶЩǰߣҪѹôħ֣ѶҲ̫ˡ
ľʱֻǿʼ
أ
ɽ罻ĺڰʱգͻȻ˶
һǰδеĴڶˡ
ڶٶг̶ȣԽ˻ʼħ֣Ǵδġ
ͻȻ䣬Ǻڶ֮гһٶͷħ֣ǳ֮һ޴ޱȵħӰг֡
һͷħ֣޴ޱȵħ֣лʼħʮǰ޴󣡶̬Ҳͨħ֡
е㡣
ħֳʮһŴǹ߸߹
ħֵ徹ȻһŴ죬Ȼտһ㣬ħִ첻ͬǣħִһֻѪ۾
ԣһͷ۾һͷħ֡
ͷħ·ʮÿһлʼħǰִ׳˶ӵе޷ݡ
ӭĸʣ
һٶͷħ֣ħִ£ͷħֹ
Ȼָߺӭ
֪ʲôʱھħֳ֮ħֵĴԣһֻֻ߰СߵĹ
ֻСħ峤˺ɫ磬һľ޵
һԽһɳĺɫԴϾȻһԺɫǣͬţƵģֻţǲͬСħԺڽֱġ
һԷĺڽǣСħֻһ˫Բ۾ħֵĲͬǣȻ顣
鲻ɫģѪɫ
һԺڽǣһ˫Ѫ۾ʣһͣһ˫ħҲûλ
ܳıӡ䡢ţûС
Ǿħ֣֮е۾ͻȻСħ֣սŮҵĶӣΧıݳ׻飬赲ɷ
ǣĸʴˣ
Сħֳһ˫ȼаĻ档
ֱһͲˡ
䣡ΧݣȻֵСħ֣Ժڽǣֱײ飬̫ˣıǰͬͺɵġ
СħһȦͰѷȱٴ󼸱һ£ճһ߼ʵĴڶ
Է֮ʼ뷲֮Уɲǣ֮ʧ־йâڱϢɡ
ôˣ֮ͻȻʧˣ
赲ʼħֵף׷׸ܵ˷仯
仯̫ͻأǿԿһַ֮ħֶԿ˲䣬֮ʧȻ󷲽һʧȥ˴󲿷ֹâͬ˻ҳĵ
ͬʱһɺĻϯһʱ·˱磬û¶ȣҲûͬһ
ã糹ʧȥƿء
˾𺳡սĺȵ
࣬赲ߣҰĸʴɱˣͳͳ𣡡
ٿȻӶԿ֮зɳһؿһס
ĸʣ
˾ˮ֮Ͼʿ桢šסۡն졢ꡢٻҶˡӦ顢ġ纺ͳͳһ
ʮһλףס
ʥģҲŶʮףʱ޲¶ϾĿ⡣
ǰʼħ־ôԼʲôĸʣжôֲĸʴˣ
ͻȻתڰĸ߿ա
ʱҲȥһƬħӰѵǴħ֣Ǵˣֻһٶͷħֻ֣ǲͬǣһͷħںǰ㾪˵ľ޴ħ֡
Ϊһͷħ֣òܣֱſһͷӵʮͷ­ľħ֡
ħ֣һľǿħ֣ζԸ˵֣ǿħֵͿóͷħжǿ
˾ʡ𺳵Ŀ񣺡׼׼
ǡޣ
ͻȻ䣬ħֽٶ֮еĺͷź֮ȻĸԱǸСħ֡
ʾơն졢ٻ˿ȥ
ǡް
ʱϳޣ
˭ɽʱ˲޵ĿͷôҲ֮УõˣҪǳԹʲôһҲǣޣģôһˣͷҲô࣡ҲЩţޣʵ벻Ȼ
ͻȻˣСˣϴ˵޵걻ٴߣȻʲôıʧôãٿڵģϢ֮ǰȻָͬħΧ˵ǰһӣ
ôܣ
겻ԸţôɰôΪһӣ
֮׵ĵĲ޵
纺Ҳ
ǸҶõˣҲ۰޵ˣȻҲϲˣϲ纺һĻ
Ҳ纺޾ĺһ㡣
ڡ˾ˮ֮ףҲˣǲΪδ밵島˹ϵ
׼ɣ߷񼣣ҿʼͷŵڻԴռ䣬ָÿ˵
ħһս˾߶񼣣Ҳٴͷ񼣣֮УȻͷų˴֮
ڰ壬ոտҪɱȱʱϹŶȡ˴Դռ䣬ҷֳ֣

ϰħ֣ٴ
ȥɱǸĸʣ
ʱȻԦ񼣣ͷųħֽ֮ʣһ˷˳ȥ
漱æֹҪĸʱȻǿѣ
ϧǲѾ˳ȥҴ߶쾫ٶ̫ˣǴĸͬھ
ǰ׶סⲻ顣
밵忪սײϵ䣬һһ񣬴ƬƬ䣬ʬǶ޷ʬ塢ʡĽ綼ΪʳףЩ˵ĳɷ֣ڱվʱ
Ԫ̫ۡаѪĸԨ۾ʥۡʮףΪϹŶΪΪĽ磬Ϊ˱ף׳ԼһС
񼣣δõ壬޲ýĸնɱȻԴɱ˰壬ΪΣں
߿գĸͻȻɭɭЦҶС֪࣡
ٿ
޲˲ƿգ
ɱ
߶񼣣ͷųǰδеâٴνڰ
䣡
ϧ䣡޾ֱǶԺڽǣײ˲񼣣ͬһͬײ飬˺ѡ
Ȼ󲻰벻׻ΪһƬ촷ۡ


2574 ۡ
׵ײ޾Ȼ񼣻飡
ʵһĻʼħ֣֮еǿߣҲ޷еù޵Ĺ

ʧȥһλף
ױʹŭ޲ý޶⽴
ն𺳵ҡҡͷޡôܡôܣ
Сˣ޲ʶޣͷǿȴ׻ع飡ع߶񼣣ҲԴ
һ׽߷˼£һԸʼħ֣һޣޱǿĸʡ
Ų̫ͻȻԵ̫Ǳ
Ҷȥ·ЩɱˣԸЩף
߿֮Уĸʷɭɭ޷
ſλطɹ׸߿գ·ȥ
ޡ
޵ʵȥĻ˭Ƕ֣
纺ޣɳȥֹȴסץס֣ǸӶʹϧĿʾ纺Ҫ
ʱޣѲմʶޣ˿¡ǿһֿ˭ܶԸޣ
Ȼ˭ȥֹޣȥ
̫ǿ󣬶ϷһĸʣħǾƱ޻Ҫ£ɱħʣûϣ
Щ΢࣬ͳͳΪʵʳ
ĸɱˣ趯ʮſ죬ײеضŶʮһףа񡢱ɱ˭˿ɵ
ᣡ
ӡͷų貵Ĺâһ״߶֮£ͷųԴϷ֯һ
СС
ĸ𽥿ʮͻȻŷſ죬ȶĳˮ˷

ʱײʧȥ˹â
ۣ
ڲÿһףͬʱһѪ
ʮһλ׼񼣣ԴȻ޷赲ĸʵĹȫѹơ
ϵǻʼħҲ޷ѹȴĸʳռơ

ĸʮͻȻһĸ˳һ硣
䣡
˲飬һ֮ռ䣬һһ˳ȥǵҲٴλͬʱٴαش
ɣǿĸʣ޷սʤѵҪ˱𣿡
ĸڴʼħɱ
Сģҹף
ĸʵһͻȻգǰλ׹ȥ
ҹ񼣣
ˮ֮ĸͻȻŸߺ

ϧҹĸ֮ǰòϺˣҲˣĻᷴӦĸǿֲ
ĸʵһŴѸ͵ҧҹ֮ϣ񼣾Ȼʼ飡
Ҫͬڴˣ
ͷȫʧˣͻȻȼҫ۵Ѫ⣬Ϊ޵ıȻſһ磬һ񵤳ˡ
еľҪԱ
Ҷǿͣ۷ȥ˹ȥ
䣡
ҧ񵤣ҹ񼣵ʱ˴ը״ɢøҶƷȥ
ըҲĸʼħûˡ
һαɱըɣεؿĸͬھ
ǲ

һƬâӷͷţעڤڡ
ڤͷųһ⣬ڰֻ״ĵ
ޱ޼ʵĵڤճ˾˵ڣӡ֮С
˼飡
ڤȻܽʮ˲ڣ˵׶Ψ̫ڤ
ʮ˲֮Ужٵ硢ɽʿ
ڴ֮Уôͬ硢ɽ硢һ𽥱ʱɣ󱻰
һڤڣڤߣֻҪڤû£ڲͻû¡
Ĵ磬̫ڤģ
ã
һԪӡǣȻӷ飬̧ͷʧȥ󲿷ֹķ磺ˣ۾Ȼˣ
ۡڤҲĺܣ֪˭һ·Ҷǿ
͸ʹȻȻ׵ȥɣҶܽӡڵڣ
ȥֵĸʣ
ͷŸӦŵ֪ˣҲ䣬ͬʱĸɱ˿ɵһƬˡ
ٲףһṦֻס
ಣ
򷲽ȥ´ռ䣬ڤڽڣһ嫵Ḷ́ڤ⣬û˿ôʱ䣬ʮ˲ڴӶӡ
磡
ͻͻͻ
ӵգһâ
һڰ֮⣬ӷݳ飬˷ա
ףİ
Աٴν𿪣һӻ޷ۼ
ĸʴʼħֳˣֳ̣ʼħ֣Ȼһͬɱף߶һ֮⡣
ٿ
֮˺ѵâ˷磬˷Χ赲ʼħ֣Ϊȡʱ䣬
Ȼ۸ԼһУͷŵԱȻûнʼħĸʻɱһ׷ɱ
ֻۡϤϢϼһ
ĸע֮⣬ȻɭɭͷаĿ˳ϣ·ӵϤ
ʲôӽҪ˲ɣ
ƱŭˣʱѾûκĸʽ֣ΨӵΪص
ڷ𷨣޿գ
һλ׼ʱɱ˹
ʥģ
Ĵʦ޻ڴʦ˳ߣҲˣ֮ʥٻһ񼣡
d񼣣
ʥķʥΧͷţΧλʦȻһɽˣɽ澹Ȼһͷʿ
ǲǻˣ֮ĴڣǷӣ޺ЩʿǺɣֻһЩֵĶ
ģǰƤˣ
߶ۣͷųһ۹ȡ
̫ǹ⣡
ʥļԦd񼣣һӡdӡ֮⣬ȻΪ˵۷âĸʡ
л
ĸʮԴͬʱһ֮УԾƣd񼣲Ϻˡ
ٿ
ۿʥĽѹƣȥĸʶ֣ΧЩҲˣ˭Ҳﲻæ
ڴΣʱ̣ϷһӰȻĸʵϷһʴɽĸʺ
飡
ĸʳ֣ʼħһԾȥĺڰ֮ǴɽϵĻ飬ƬֻΪĸϯȥ
̫ʱˣ
ĸעɽӶʹóʥʧȥвӰϣǷɱ˻
䣡
ͻȻ·ս˴Ա
ͬʱȥԭǴϹŶΪ赲ޣϧԱ
ô࣬Ȼ޷赲ޣ˰ǧ֮ǰ裬ϹŶҲǶ֡
վĴŷߡˡūΪǿ񣬴߶󷨹Ҫޡ
޵Ŀռжֲ
ҶʱѳҶȵĿռΪ˰һӣ츳ִﵽôֲĳ̶ȣ
ϵĹһδ޷ܣٴγ֣һھǧ


2575 սĸ
ռ˿ɼǻɱడ
ǱںϵĴڣҵ־һ֣޷ѹҪ
һĻ˭ʹģ
˭ֲʹޣ
Ԫӡ־ѹ
߶Ԫ־Ԫ񣬶Ա
ǵҶѪںϣٵĴڣ޵ꡢ־ҶںһȻҲںϡ
أ
ЧȻˣ֮к޼ɵޣٶȷˣҲ񹥻ǣҲ֮ǰնɱ࣡
࣬ҶꣿãҵˣѹˣҶָܻɣ
ĸŭ޵Ľʼħɱ
ƿ£ףλףͷں֧ǣ
ҶûϾĸ̫ǿˣֹĶ֣ԵĻ˭Ҫĸնɱ
ֿĸʼħ֣ˣ
ǲסħ֣Ըĸʣ
վ˳ơʥİн֪ҪʮٶԸĸ֮¡
ʮǺεȴڣŷеֵĸʵʥһһңͷŹΧʼħ֡
ಣ
ĸʣ
ĸʮʼ裬ֲ̫ˣ࣬ҪʬΣ
ߣ
һ߶ʮ٣ɲǼ䣬ƤâҲǡ
Ϣǣ
ǰһ뻹ĿһеĸʣͻȻܵϢ仯Ȼ󾪲ôţܣܣ

ΧִĴ֣ЩٴִӷϳԼʮ׳ڿл趯
ʮ٣ĸʲȻһŭʱףΪһ࣬һֵ֮ԭ
䣡
ĸһµʮԴҲͬʱʱڵĿռ䣬ȫס

ĸҪռ֮У֪ΧεǶڸԶգһ˼򵥡ֱӻĸʵĿռ
֪Ĵڣ
˿̣ҲɻĸʸղǷ֪ĸʻǰ壬֪ʮ١
һڷ᣺ʵҵĲǵ񣬶ǵʱɱĽİǿߣʱҪɱĽ磬һжˣԪԼʱң֪ҲΪ棡
ˣ
ͻȻܵһɺ磬ϯ
ĸͻȻɱʮ̫ˣͬʱǴ֮Уһڰ档

ͷųҫ۵ĺڰâӡһͻȻ趯ŷһָӡҲشĸʡ
žžž
ĸʵԴ໥ڰ˷һָӡΪһƬ빥ǴƬڰ赲
Ǻڰ滹û˹˷Χ
ʮڰȭ
ʱʩչʮٴڵʮ˵Χָֺڰȭӡĸʹȥ
ڰ
Է˹ĸЩ֮УȻһ硣
緢ڰ棬Է磬ĸʵȻԽħ֡
ͣ
һ˸ȭҲĸΧ˺飬ĸʮ̫ǿˡ
뵽֮ǰЩնɱĻʼħ֣ǶԷѣͬĸִһΪĸҲӵʮԴѵҲʮ
ʮõģֻһݣҲţ˵ҲǴӰģ֮ŵ˵ڷ˵
úˣ̾ĸ̫ǿˣսȥҸĶ֣
ʮҲõˣϧ̫СˣҲ
ĸն˸٣ͷųĸѾˣ趯ʮԴͻȻһͬſ죬ʮס
ȣ
ͣ
Ǻεȹ
ڷʮħֶһܶԿ𣿵Ȼˣ
ٴνٻ飬Ҳ˷һʱѪĽ
ȣ
ĸѹȶȻ趯ʮԴſ乥һνһΣѹ÷ϺˣǱ̫ˣΪǿ󣬻ʮȻֲ׵硣
ٺˣ
һֱĸѹŴ
һ󷽾Ǵ˾ף˺һЩĸʵĹҪףû׿ĸʶԿǾɱ
ûа취赲ĸʣһںϣ
Уʮκ侲
ᣡ
һâͷŶȻӷš󱳡ͷġСȶ˴ִٴ֡
ʱͳΪһһ֣ϳĴ֣
ʮþָ
˼Ĺˣ
ӡϳ֣ҲΪƣƣһͬΪָӡŷһͬĸʡ
̫ǿˣϣˣϣˣ
Ͼʿ׷ĸߺ
ǰĹ͵ڿϣ
žžž
ƴ֣Щٴֱۣͬ赲ĸǰһ趯ָӡָӡĸ赲ڰա
ϣϣ
ȣ
ĸȻױնɱѹס֮ʮʼ趯ÿһŴ׹ָӡ𣬽ħʵʤһ
Ѿ׶޷սǿս
ǼΪͷ
Ȼ޷սҲܾһҪ
ǽ񼣹âͷŵĸҫۣȻͷųơʥ֮գս֮С
ɱǵͬ
·
ս
ʣ²ڣ˿µޣдħնɱ񣬱ռƣħֳʱ佻֮У󲿷ʧȥ
ϹŶŷߣȫ赲ɱ࣬Ҳ޷赲ǲ޵ʳ
뵶ūڶԸħ֣ħҲöԸսѾȫ汻ѹơ
ڲ֮УҪ֪ǶǻԪľͷмһ𣬾һ
Ҳ޷ֻܿԼԸħ֡
ͣ
߿֮ϣ
ĸʮŴ׹⣬˷Ĺʮںϴﵽ̶ֳȣʵҲޱǿģʮ٣Ҳͬħһʱʱ̿յ
ʴȻʮٲĸʵĶ֣ĸҲڶʱ䣬ͽնɱĸռƣȫƣ׹ָӡֻһЩٴ֣ǿֲ˼¡
֣ҵüֵȴ뱾ںϣ뱾ںϵػﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ赲ĸ밵⣡
ҧжϾ֣赲ĸʽȻĸնɱ֮ͳˡ
Ҫȴֵȴɱ˷١
ʱںϣᳬԽе࣬ﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ںϣ
ڵ
Ǵ¶һŵЦʮԶ֮û˿ѹңںңܣ̫ڤӲܣҲ뱾ںϣҪںˣҪָɣ͸ˣ


2576 Ҷٵľս
ڷȫ赲ĸʣʥ赲ʼħ֣赲޵ʱ̣Զ֮УҲڽһѪս
֮УѪ
ѪϯĻ
ҵȫնɱ˷٣ˡҲø䰡
Ѫ
Ҷվڹ֮У񼣾ȻѺۣĿģҶȵҲкЩѪ
ǰ֮Уȭӡڱ
ٵΪ洫컯ȭϧ컯ȭȻǹȥĴڣʴӹȥߵڣʵ֮ʱǿ̫࣬ԹȥѾ޷Ըڵң
䣡
컯ȭȭӡռ䣬ʼˣΪһ˵УȻһһ
٣
Ƭ˳ЩǱȴûˡ
컯ȭҼģں˹񼣵Ȼ޷˵
սغϣҶˣ۷٣ȴɰȻ
ȥնҷУ١Ҫȫɱ㣡
ҶͻȻӡ
ಣ
֮УҶӰˣһͨ塣
ȻҲҲһӰǵڶͨ塣
ټͨ壬ʱһҰĵˣҶȣȷԽǰǣҲòϣѲ󣡡
񼣣
񼣣
ֱͨٻ񼣣ȻҶ࣬ͷųâƬա
Σ
ɱ˹ֱӳȻҲһ׹⣬ſһ磬ʮ׹񼣣

ͬʱһâΪһȭӡ
컯ȭ
Ҷͨ壬һͬΪǿĹ
¡¡
޴ȭӡͷų޹ʮ׹Ҫײ
ʮҲŹ塭ʮ١ʮǺεȴڣ
벻ףҶȼʩչ׹⣬ͱסˣɻ󲻵
ȣ
ҶȼͨԼ񼣵컯ȭײһЩ׹㣬Ǹ׹Ҳ컯ȭ˺顣
ҶͷԼ۷߶컯ȭо԰նɱʼħ֣Ϊɱ˷٣
ҷٵ׹⽫컯ȭ˺ˣδֲ̫ˡ
˺컯ȭ֮󣬷·Ҳ֪ҶѲȻʩչ˿״̬ʧȻȻһʼ졣
ٿٿٿ
ʮӷٵڱΪһ𳹵׵ıħ֡
ԶԸˣ
ħֱ壬ǺεֺοǷּĴڣҶѾܵǿ
䣡
ٱ֮ʮſ죬ͷųȻһڰתĻ
컯ȭ
Ҷȸϼͨ壬ٴδ߶񼣵ΪǿĹ컯ȭ
һȭӡǱķٻȥ
䣡
Ҳеĺڰ򣬲֪жǿ滹һЩڰʣ͸һЩ棬ǿһҲ޷սʤ

컯ȭײһУΧ޾նǻζлȻ컯ȭȻըĻѸ͵Ҷȡͨϯ

һᣡ
赲ǹǻ÷飬Ȼһֻǳ˷񼣡
ۣ
Ҷͨ壬Ȼ𶯣ͬʱһѪ
һͨҶȴȥǽĵøأҳ취նɱ
Ҳ뿴񼣻𡭡ͨ壬񼣣ɱ٣գҶҲ
һԸѡ
ߣ
Ҷһͨ壬ȷɳȻһֻУںϴ򣬴֮ͻȻ٣赲٣
Ҷȣߵ£ֹܲסʶã
ٺֱײʱͱֻ赲ͨһӲס
˲ٰ㣬ʱķ̫ǿˣ
ȣ
ʵҶҪס٣ҲΪؽɱУ
ҶȺ󷽣ʣͨ徹Ȼջ񼣣񼣵ڣӶһʧͨںһ
𣡡
ͨ廯Ϊȼ״̬񼣲ˣʣ
ֻʥɽ
֮𣡡
罣
飡
ҶһͷŹ񼣵˸ͷųľͨһͨԦ񼣣һҶȵͨһͬ磬ѹȥ
Ҷ֮ĹҲٴ鷳ХҶȣʻͷ­šһڽնɱ֪Ϊ˼ޣԶŴսɱҰĻ棬ֲڵԺ֪βɱҰͬģ
ǰɱҶࣿҶһȻ
ݣ
н߶ˣ108пռ䣬ںϻΪһͷµĽδԻʣ
͸óΪҰʳʲôҶȵָƣ˿Ҳ⡣
ȥˣ
˻񼣵ͨ壬ͻȻһǳâʱ
ͨ塭
Ȼͨ壬Ҳ˼άĴڣҶԼԪһ֣һ֣ôᰡ
ͨĸܣҶҲǸͬܣԡ
䣡
ռڲԻĽٵסɲǶԸֻʼħ֣Ի޷ѹ٣һͷʮͬʱҲԻʡ
컯ȭ
һӰȻŴͷŵУιں£ͨз١
һ̣ͨ峹ȼ
Լ񼣵ȫںϽ컯ȭڸֹ£ɴԻʲס٣һʱ䣬ͨ峹׷ٻˡ
Ϊһ컯ȭʱзʮ롣
Ҷȡ㡭㾹ȻԸ
˵仰ͨγɵ컯ȭ׻˷١
ʮʱ컯ȭûͨԼ˻񼣣ټҶͨͷųǿһͬĹ
ҲҶ
Ϊնɱ˷٣ȻԸһͨ壡
ۣ
ŤĴ򷢳˾춯صĴը
ըһڹƯҶȣһȻһѪ
ͨ塭
ǰըգǿܱͨͨڰģԼ֮һ
ϻ񼣣
ˣħֻδСģ
ڲǴը֮УԻʵ֮
ٿ
գ֮ʣ
һڶͨ˹ǰֻʣ°ӵķ٣һѪſ죬澹ȻͻԪ
Ҷ޷ҵģ֮һԪ
ԭڷ
Ԫ
ɱѸͣһǴԪ
Ҷ붼û룬ֱץڵĴԪǷĴԪȥ

δԪײһ
ĽǿҲǰɵ
ȻײһȻģҲ޷
ǣ
Ԫ
䣡
ײƣԴԪ˹񼣣Ȼһ˵ķ٣ҲӲ֮
񼣱𿪣ۼֶ
Ҷȸо˻벻Ԫײ˿ֲٿԪȻˣٴ顣
ҲͨƬǻΪ˳
ԪģٵõĴԪҲһֱ飬ҰԵ˴ײһǽʯ٣ȻԪһ̣Զʧ


2577 ʮٶ
һԪ
ĵ֪Ϊ֧Ŵ죬ĽĽŵѤ
ʧ֮Զ䡢һ񼣻𣬵飬硢ɽ硢Ҳһһ
ʱ˿̣Ѿʧ˼ԪĩڣĴ˵봫棬Ҳ¼Ԫȥ

δԪײùٴ飬նһ˵գҲͬ˾
Ԫ촷ۻɢ䣬ͻȻǿƴӶճһѪӰſ졢Ѫģķ١
˳һУ˼¡
䣡
Ϊܵ˳ڳܴԪĺȻҲҲ밵Ĳ࣬Ҷڹ֮У񼣻᲻顣
˭֪پͳɱӹѺ֮о񼣣ѪӰ񼣿ռ䣬һŴ죬ʣµļŷѸ͵ҧҶȵҼ硣
١
Ϊˣ
Ҷȱ˺һЩſҧסҼķ٣ֻʣɳѪԪը֧飬Ҳˡ
ҶȡҪͬھߣ֪걾ʾ͸ɱ㣡ײеҪҶ졣
ˣ
սˣ
ӹ֣ҶȱҧסҲ߶񼣹â
ಣ
սŹϯڰսΧΪ˾ӵвͬɫսҲֻŵӰɲǼ䣬˷١
ټڹȻ⣬ֻһͷǾǰҶһ£Ҷȵ
Էٵľ綾Ҷȴ壬ҶȱˣϹ⵽شһʱ޷Ӧ

ֻס˷٣ؾ
𣡡
ҶȶԣɲֻһֶΣͨˣԦҲܵԪײʱŸϹ
龻֣ͨȫһΪ˻龻֣С
٣˹̫֮ڤôϹŶŵõĸ߶ȣҲ㿴Եζ
սͨ弰ʱɱ٣ٴܵشҶȱֱͨӽ飬ҪΪ𱨳֮Уһâ
ʮٵ
ٿٿ
âҶͷţزס٣Ȼɷ򣬼ʮٵҼ˿ڿʼշٵ
ϢʧѪܵҲսʮ١ܰҰֻ˻ΪԶͨʮ٣ôܻܻڣ
Ҷ𺳵ʮٹȻǰǿ߻ġ
ʴŰ࣬ҪĿģǻԪʮ١治ףΪԼԦʮ١ҶҶȣɱ˱ʣ㲻ĸʵĶ֡
ʾҲΪĸʶѾ罫ӭڰֻҰ磬󶼻𣡡
ٵʧȥѪҺڷţҶȻҷɣֻͨ塢սѹոɾ
ս
߿֮ϣʥ׵ֹʼħ֡
Ǹ߿֮Уʮٵһδĸʲɱĸʵޱȿ£һֱѹŷӵʮ٣¼ֲסˡ
ٴ֣ĸ׹飬֮޷赲ҺʮˣܼʱµĴ֣ÿһֶֻ÷ʩչʮ
ղ־ͻȻҪնɱ٣ұüȥ
ͻȻĸʴѹٿ󷽵ףͷŸǿһ޷ֹĸʣཫʧȥһС
˾üͷٴںϣͷıɣ
ʮ˻ӦҲֻͷҵıںܶԿĸʣ
ᣡһѪâ
Ƿһͷʮ٣ôͷųʮںϣʵﵽ޷ĳ̶ȡ
һȻΪһƬѪ
ٿٿٿ
ȻҶѪ֮г˳Ȼ׳˶ɣоһӣͻȻڼ֮ڣ˲
ڳˣĸʵĹȻڳı仯ɱŨҡ
ʮٰ
Ǵ˵֮еԶͨ˵ˣ벻Ȼţ֮ԼԦϣ
Ȼûۼʮ٣ȴϳζԿĸʡ
ɲǼ䣬ɾ޴ʮƯ˷߿գҶΪʮ㣬һһ㣬֦ɻҶ͸ŰȻ
ʮٳ˳Ϊ֮
ϣ೹׿ϣ

ʮٱ룬Уӡ֮ʮһΧٿա

ʥʼħֽ֣ѾƣɷĻʼħ֣ͻȻʮٴնĴֲס
ʼħҲնʮٵĴ֣ʮǳģλ鴥֣ڵһʱʼħ޷ִ֮˳
Ҫǿ󣬵ֿЩ壬ɰķҪͷѹͷʼħ֡

ʼħֱ˹ĸȣĸʴˣȾǣȾǣǲΪʳ
žžž
ĸʳ֣׹⣬һƬʮ١
̣
ʮ֣ϯ׹⣬׹̫һƬһƬ飬ʮٲĸʶ֡
ƾ˵ʮٵȷĸʡ
ĸʻ˴ֲ㣬ַ
ʮٵҲչֳЩ׹Ĵֻ֣صʮҶ֮УֳĴֹ׹ɱ
ĸǹޱȰԵʮƣҲʱչֳĸǰƲǶ֣ȴܷĸʹ
ĸʣȲЩѪ
ʮǿƵסĸʹƣȻǾʼħֵĴֲ㣬ͷųҫ۵âʮٿʼʼħ֡
ãɱúã
һڶû˻ʼħ֣ǣǿֶԿĸʣǾħնɱ
ʮٺ󷽣˾Ͼʿˮ֮Ҷ׶кá
ʥĻصӪ֮Уʼħһսȷ۵˼£ǶΪףǵ춯أסʼħ֡
ǵؿˣϴûѾѹ˰ڶٻʣٹһֻҪϴϻʮ٣Ϳնɱĸʣ
ʮˣһҪȫͷ־Ҳܽħ֣ܳ׵ֵסĸɱ
ֻҪܶԿĸʣһж⣡
ٴνӡɫѪ˿顢Ƥǡ
ʮپȻһֲϵسɳĴ赲ĸʣؼʼħ֣ʮ˲øɸɾ
ˣ
ʮһ̣Ȼͷųһ貵ââ֮УаѪɫϢ
֮еķȻԼʧƤָɫѪɫŭҵ־
ʮٵĿڣҶȣǸˣԺǱģΪߣӵдĻʮҪԽԶŴսʱڵ壬ͱΪǿ


2578 ʮ
ŭҷң
ҶȣΪβҷ㣿
ʮٵ˷ԱߣͬһЦΪһĹߣΪ׵
͵Ȼںˣƿ㣬ҲδںϣǵһΣĸʻ࣬Ҳںϣô꣬Һʱǿκ£㹲ͬڵɳ
˵˹ûʣҶȣЩڵҲΪ˲£ÿΪṩ֮ӣȻڵɳػŮߣ󻹰˵Щ˰ɣ
Ҳϲκθ
Ҳǣڽ죬Ҳ־ΣҲҪҶȣҵĿӵͷˣ
ҸᣬȴҪıң㿴ǰǿУĸֶǿֲֻܶԸĸʣⳡƽ٣ǶҵķҲĸʶ֣
˭˵Ҷķ󣬻ҪȥĸΪУΪУҲɱң
ɱ㣿ԶŴսʱڣλģ̫Լˣ㲻ǰ֣࣬ҲὫ㵱ʵ
Ҷȣѵ㵽ڻף
ƯڷǰͻȻɣԶŴսʱڣǰң
ܣ嶼˵Ի㣬֮ǰᵽ㣡ţ뱾־ںһ
갵ɱĽ磬Ҿ֪Ҫ֣ڵʱҲӦڵķ٣ϧʱֻ̫ڤһʵﲻֲ߶ȣδӦҵĴڣ˴죬֣ʶᱻ巢֣ͷϢȻ˰壬ԶŴսڣɳԸңҾͽƾͼƣǹȻܵҽԴںϣΪһľ򷲽ȥ
ʵɶںص֮ʵɶ񣡡
ҿɶ񣿵İڣҵҲܵһ̶شûа취ֻѡٴʱҲһЩȥ磬ȴԵ˵ľѣҵȴˣ㣬Ҷȣ
Եˣ㳶ʲôϵѵõ㣬⣿Ҳˣ԰ţ
Ҳ˵ڲףΪ֮߰£Ҳֻ֪ϢĴڣΪƾ⡢ˣܵõ뱾ںϵĻ᣿붼룬㿴̫ڤѹңȴҲʲô⣡
ΪרңΪߣ
Ҫֻһ취ǾĽľֲܱ෢ֻ֣취õ־Ͽɣ㣬ߣΪӵֻҪںϣҾͿԽö֮֮ڵҾ̫ܵڤĸӦŲܾѽΪԶͨ쵽Ľ磬ԴĽľ
סֻüҲڶλᣬٸɣ
ҶȣŻˣʵδﵽ۷壬ӵдϼһʵڵ̫СˣҾͽɣҶȣллߵ㣬һԾĽľ
Ҳóѣ־ɣҾͳ־ں
ŭɶӦ˵Ҷʢŭѡ
̫Сʮ٣ԶҲ̫߹Լ
֪飬ҶȲ֪ʮж£Ȼһ˿ʼѼƻ
˵ʱǸˣʮٶ֪ǺȥԸ
ֱ磬ΪףŻ֪ʮһЩܣܣֱԽء
ҶȵıԶͷ־ʼȫ߶Ԫ
Ԫ
֮УһӷӡǵҶںʮʱͷŵ־ںʮ٣Բ־ʮٵ־
ʮٵΨһֶΡ
˷ԺҶȱԺҲзӡ޷ʱͷŹȱԸҪȫշ١
ڣֻܿԼӡӡ

ԪȼһڰҶƯ˸߿գǿսӣȵֲһֱںϣ˵ǸǿԭΪ׼׶ҵ
Ҷȣڲ׹Ϊʱ
ӡ֮У
ɣ
ԪΪ˺գӵлϵơ
Ҿ㿴Щ꣬ΪµףʮȻͷųʮȦˡ
Щ˴ӷӡ֮޼ɵӿ·־ӡزʮ١
ѵʮҲıΪڽ죬ɣȻ

Цӵ⣺ȻʮԪ־꣬ôӵʮŹӵҲӵгԽ־ıǴҰʾ⣬ʮڸıҲ㽫һͬˣ֪㱾ȴҪԼ֮Ǹ޷ң
Ծԭһжļƻʮǿ󣬵ʲôͷ嶼ӵôͨ
ôͨ޷ģ˵еԴȪеܸ٣ĽĹħ֣޵ĹʮǴĴڣڱɣ־ꡢķӡʮһֱʮԽ㣬Щ꣬һֱ־Ĩɱҵ־ɣ
ӡڲЪ˹ĿȻԪӡǿʢâ
Ĩɱ
ԪΪһƬˣ˷ӡӡ
䣡
֪ӡӷ˾ұը
ըγ˿µâϯԪȻ÷Ļ˻бըâըâһŴ죬˰
ҵı𲻻Ź㣡
𽥵Ϩ𣬻Ϊ˺ڰ
ڰɫӡ޷
ҶȣҾͲˣߵñĽ
־֮
֣ࡢѪĹ衣
֮ķâɣ׻Ϊһˡ
ã
֪˺£ΪҶȵһʱ䣬һܴݸ
׾ۼҶΪ˵ģղϴ˵ǡ˵ʮٸʲôǾǰһ̣ϴķҲʥڤˣ
⡢ôܣ
š
ΪѣҪʱʮٵʼħնɱҲ赲ĸʲ
ʮپȻᡢʥڤۣҲǹ׵ķʲôʮٴӴ˿̿ʼĵˡ
ʮҲģҪĽ羫һóѣ硢ܿ𣬳Ϊ磡


2579 ࡢĸ㶦
ҶʵǸô죿
ħĬˣҶȹͨ
ȴţһ쳣żһĸʾ͹ͷˣڻһʮپ಻ҲС
ͻȻۣǱסʮ٣ĸʽ֣ҲҪֶԸʮ٣һĸʶ֣ʮ뿪ʣĸζԸȻǼֵа취ʮٴѹģ
ãߣ
һͬʮ٣ʮٺ󷽡
ʮһɷ־һĸʽ֣ĸȻѹʮٹ޷˵
䣡
ַĿֻʮ뿪ԹȻǿңȴδﵽԸĸּҳ̶ȡ
ôˣĿɳˣҾ֪ôıѹ
ĸҲŪΪҪʮ١
֮ǰʮٻ࣬ȴ໥ɱ
ĽҪ磬𲻻ӦģҲӦ뿪
ʮһââ磬Ưһɫӡ
ӡ֮Ƿ־
ʮ˷һȴûн־ĨɱԣҲҪ÷־߶ߵĽ
ߣ˲ٻʼħ֣ټʵѾﵽĸʲĸ߶ȣҲ˵꣬ЩӲд࣬˶ãҲǱʳ
ʮٵЦ
ʼͷųഥ֣һȫĸʽ֣һҪɱףȻȥĽ
ƶ࣬һ˻Ե
֮ң
٣Ϊɣ
ڣͨ밽սæ£ҶȽѪڡ
ϵѪʧˣֱޱǿ󣬰սص˹񼣣ͨҲűҶڡ
ҶһЩаɺ˷٣ԼѴﵽԪԪ۷ʵϧ޷̤Ԫ죡
ǰҲҲ䡭
߶ǧͼ
ಣ
ǳâգײӰ
ս
ٿ
Ȼ䣬סʮ١ĸγս֮ϣɽһƬ
Ҷȴǹ֮зͷŵĹĿٴ
ˣ񶼼׻ˡ
һ˵Ҳնɱ
Ҷ֮ŭΡ׳ʮ٣ڻѡ࣬㲻ӵδ
мҶȣһ׶ûãѲǱںϡѹʮ٣һΪϴڣ
Ǿħ֣ĸͻȻҲࡢǶ
Ҷͷų񼣣Ȼһ֮ϣǹۺﶯŽǻȡʤģ
ĸڱʮٹֱסƺżڣҶ
ޣ
ҶӪ֮Уĸʵźĸʡ
ಣ
һڰ֮⣬ĸԱߡ
ޣִ仯ޣ
˾ŭɶҶɱ˲Լ˲񼣣

ͻȻ䣬ʮپȻΪһƬĸʡһԾħսȥ

Ҷȹʮ׷ȥ
ҶҲϣ࣡
ĸʴޣҲһ׷ȥ
ʲôࡢʲôħ֡ͨͨʳﰡ
ʮΪâս֮С
ಣ
֣սʱ֮ͻȻ֮ٳ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣ˲ͷŴ֣Ȼסͷײеħ֡
壬ޱײеĶħ
ôʮ޷ݡ
ֿôԼħ֣Ȼֱӽħ֣룬ֻ봦һŴ죬һһͷͷħ֡
һĻÿʼˣУ޷սĳħ֣Ȼʮǰ׳Ϊʳ벻ħҲһ졣
ͬЩҲΪʳ޷æֲ̫ˣƾֻ
ħְ
ʮڶʱ䣬࣬Լħ֣ȻΧħ֣ɱħ֣ͷų֣аڸ߿ճХǰʱеĴڣʮҲǣĿǣǰĿǣΪҵʳɣ
ͷɱİħ֣ʮܵĴ֣ס˴󲿷ħ֣ſ죬һͷħֻȥ
ħֵĿռأ
ħֵأ
ûУ޷ʮٵĴ֣ǲܣ
ΪΣ
ˣ
ӵ޷ȵĿռ಻Ƕ֣ⳡս֮УΪǵʳ졢硢ɽ硢磬Ϊ˰ʳ
ʮٵӿֲĴֿؾգҴͬһ֮пٵزסħ֡
һֲֻɣǾͷŸഥ֡
ħ֮ͷſռӲʮͷŵĴ֣һͷͷħ־Ǳ֩ס޷ʮٵʳ
ɱĺã
һΣڼʱˣħֲ֪ȥԸʮ٣ʮٵʳԵˣڰһӳͷħ֣ҲǴġ
ͣ
һףʮֲ㣬ն˴֦Ҷ
ͬʱһ׹ס
ԭĸʺɱˣĸ׵磬Ҳһޱȵ׵硣
ҲҪʮ٣ĿǰҪǶԸĸʣԸħ֣
ҶȼʮǸģͻȻװҲҪɱģ֣ĸҲŹʮ١
һҪʵԸˣ
ĸҲ´˷ڵףʮ٣𿿽
ǧħΪĿ꣬ǴգʮΧһЩڰ棬ףԶ̹Χʮ١
һãʮ޷ץסħ֣ħ֣Χִնϡ
ĸʴޣעϣڣҶһͬԸ࣬Щɱˣͳ
鷳ˣ
֮ǰֻһǿУ壡
ڻһǿУʮ٣
أ
ɱˣĸǰ
ޣ
޵Ŀ£׶ǼʶģʵĸѲ£һɱ˲˲񼣣ǧ
ħͷ˸оĸʻ£ɱˣս
ҶͻȻվ˳
У
ơ纺硢ˡꡢٻնЩޣͬ˰Ĵڡ
ٿ
Ҳͣ˹˫Ѫ۾ҲڴһϤס
ԥ
ڣҶǰɱЩɶ࣡ĸں󷽴ȵ֮дŷŭԹޡ
أ޵Ѫͫɱȼ
ޣ
Ҷ˳δͷκƣһ΢Цǣٸ˵ˣ֪Ϸʲô£ԶŴսնɱĻ棬ֲ뵽־֮Уʹʹ࣬ʹɱͬĵˣ
û˵ԼѪ֮ͫеɱ΢΢ɢ
Ҷȵĳ֣뵽˹ȥҶһҸ档
ޣ侲˵˵ٶҲҶε˵ȻĿ⣬޵ͷ


2580 봴Ĺϵ
ûжҲԥ
һս֪صȻҲ޳ɷٽìܸ㣬ҲΪˣô꣬ɽ翪ʼҾҳҲҲˣҲѣҲˣ
񣬵ҶȷԷθĽ͵ΪˣٴȥһҲģΪ㼴صļͥȥ벻԰壬밵ìҲ֪ݹԶŴսɱ죬ٵͬǰжϣǰ岻ʤߣҲʤߣܾˣΪλҪȥΧ廹жٻأĽ̻Ѿ
ϤˣⳡսȥޣһȫûԭûбҪս밵ȫҵһֺƽķʽⳡսɱɱȥ඼ٲ֮أҺܻǵĹȥЩӴҶܿģһҲһˣɣһλļˣ
ѵ밵ҪⳡսȥҵˣȥԸ⿴ǻ棿
ŲҶʹļ׵˵
ÿһλףΪ֮
һ֪ԭһսҪҪȥʧȥˣĽѾҪ飬밵ҲԺòȥ
һʯٵս
ҲϵȰޣɣͰһȻͬǰǰ㣬ҪȥȥҪ͸ϴ˵ĺܶԣҲûбҪãǰɱȥ밵տҵ취棡
࣬ɱô࣬ǵĽ磬ݳޣǣǲǣ౰޳ܣֻҶֶΣ
ͻȻĸںɭɭЦ
ҶȿĸʣЩ࣬ЩԶȥѣΪ˻ŵ˶ȥֻҪţЩǣҲΪ֮οͬǰҲúõȥҪʲô඼ԸֻҪֹͣɱԷһУ
Ҫʲô͸ʲô
ĸʻ԰ףǴͫ΢΢ս֪ƬԭҰĿռ䣡
ܣĽ磬Ҳӹ׵˼Ϊ׳һУҲɣ
䣬ÿ˶ܷ԰ĳޡ
˾߷߲ƽķ
Ľ磿һС˶ãʮԪһٸԪ࣬ˣĽ絮֮ǰʾﱾҰĿռ䣬Ľ죬ҰϽȥ޾ڰ֮У
ܣ֮УǴڵ޺嫵֮УĽ磡
ĸţ徹ȻĽ棬ǳѨ
ĸʰЦǶСֻǴǼһĳ֣֪ȥ飡
Ͼʿ󺧣ѵ㻹֪񣿡
Ϊβ֪ҾͰΪصĴݸǣʵҲҰһԱʱҰ֮УΪĳԱ֮һ
ܣΰĴôǰħ֣
ǰǰħ֣
˻һӪ֮ˣ
Ĵڣôǰħ֣
磬һУħ֣ʲô
ҶҲΪ˶еţô밵廹йϵôǰħ֣
ĸʼı飬øɭ䣺ҰһԱ뱾һͬõĴڣƺ𾴵Ĵҵֳ׸磡
ʱ׶֮УĬĬţδ֪ܣҲ϶ĸʲ£࿪Ц
·ܽͣΪΰҪĽ磬ΪΰҪࡣ
׸磬ʱҰ֮ǿĴڣֲĴڣʵ˵ʱˣΪǿߣǵӪ֮󣬾ǵļ԰Ľ磬ǰȦĽԱߵĺڰ֮Уأǰ壬ˣԼĽʲô壬˵ǰ岻ںڰ֮УӦܹů
ĸʽһ˵Ĺûʣʱͬ磬Ǳȥ׸磬ȻΪνů壬Ȼһˣ´Ƭڰ֮У磬νů࣬Щ֪СȻǲ֪ģǰͽҰ壬ǵļ԰֮ϣ磬ǾҰòû磿òʹԼÿһ壿
ĸʽӽЪ˹ĵĽ硢ڴԶ֮סˡ
ͻȻ䣬һҲʣ磬ڰյ罨һУֽϳȥһеǴ˻Ƕˣ
˵Ϊֻĸνࡣ
ȥ飬û֪Ļ԰壬ͬĸ˵ôȷһɣĽ𣬽Ͼɱ
壬ֻҪԼļ԰
ͻȻһλλ໥һݵìܱ顣
·ԼоԼһӳ͵˰磬ռ˰һС
Ĳԣ޵ɱ˰ôħ֡
ĸʼĬ·Ҳ޽Ȼֵ࣬ҰҪһУĽԭҵ˶֪ԭǲŲɱ¾ȥԸΪʵʳñʻָƣǿʵȻǣڰ磡
ĸʡ
ĬףԼ֮ʥվ˳˫ֺʮǷǿգǿľǽɱֹⳡսĽǰ壬޴ѡ밵ʹֹͣսͬԣǿҵһ취ƽ
һͺͷ֪Ұܵʹࣿĸʺ޲ʥնɱȻޣҶ㿴ɣԼһǿǷҰģɱɣɱһУ
ҶޣĿ󣺡ڣǷǶԴϣ밵ȫ໥棬ֻҪҵһ취ܽ㡢ǵˣǵļˣǲ㶯֣ҲǶ֣

ĸͻȻˣ
ʮԴͬʱһڰ籩ֱ˺˷һգȻеס

һ̣ĸʱʵԼɱ⡣
׶ɡ

޲֣ĸȴһҲĴסλףһſŴ֮У֮⣬ֱһλλס
˾Сģ
һڷ籩֮ʹĴ˾ƲΣճȥ
ģ
ҶҲĸʹͻȻʧȥƽ⣬һԼһ̹պʥ׹֮£ȥ
ã
׶ûһ׹ȥۿҪꡣ
ͻȻһӰסꡣ
Ӱ纺ͷԼͨ꼰ʱ֮ʣȥȻһͬ
ͣ
ˣ
纺һУ걣סʵ纺ȻҪ̫࣬纺ٶʵ޷
纽㣡
һѪ׹ǵӰ֮б΢΢ֳ纺ӡ
걻׹纺𿪡


2581 ƽٽ
纺ٶȷӰʧ
㣡
ŷ籩֮Զϯȥ
˿̵纺׹󱳣̴ţεұ׹סͬʱ׶޷Ϲ
ҶڰʥĻ׹⣬Ҳڰ˾׾һĻɱҲ޷Ϲ
Ҷ絶ʣͷͨͨ壡
ŮӿȻɱһգ
ĸٶֲ̫ˣԿ׹⣬ס纺׹׹ǿԴſһɶߣ纺һҧȥ

ǧһ֮ʣһӰĸͷ­ԱߣһײͽĸԴײɡ
һӰĸ࣬ץһĸϡ
ڡ
һӰֳޡ
˵纺ͻȻޣһѵ֣޵ϣ·ͬ꣬ǻǰͬԼĺӣȴԼƣԼӿѪޱ˻
ڣǵ棬һʱʱҵĺӣ§㣬㣡
纺ҲѪѪٴνӴޣ纺԰׵΢Ц˵ϣҲϣԶǶǼˣԶҪòã
أ
޾Ȼˣ
ĳ򲻰Ķš
ƺ뵽ں֮У纺ڻȻں֮дȻ֮Уǵů֣Լ·˲޸ܵˡ
纣
Ҷȱˣס纺ӼҪ׹пҶȾֹסᡣ
Ҳµģ
ȼ棬ճʮٵںǿɫȼյ棬纺˿ڡ

Ҷȴһâڷһ΢΢ס
ɩӣ
㣡
ƴꡢˡٻףŭس
֮ع
һףҶԱߣҶǴƬ߰׵ĳһۿʪˣǷ׷ȼҶڡ
ҶȵĴ֮ͨע纺ڡ
ء
ͻȻ䣬޵ĳһſſ죬ŷգ˱Ľ·綼Ϊ˶еˡ
䣡
ϣױȵơ
ƻΪ˻ķ籩Χϯȥδһ֣δܵӰ⣬Ƿ籩ûĸʣ˲Ʒˡ
ֲ̫Զ񶼸Ʒ
ˣʮħսĿռ䣬ħʮٶҲһòߡ
һУⱯ֮Уž
ĸʻعͻȻҶɱЩ࣡
ûжֻǿףҶ纺ĳ
ߣ
ĸʶŭˣƺ޾Ҳĺ޴ʼɱ
ٿ

˭Ҳ벻Σյʱ̣޾Ȼƿնȥĸɱ֮ʣͻȻֱײɡ
ޣ
Ȼ֣赲ĸʣĸס
׼һĻο˵޲ΪУޣ
ʱ纺ˣ˿һЩΡΡؿ񣺡ҡû¡һԸʮ٣
ã׼
ҶȽ纺С
ͷ纺Ҷȵڷһ԰ˣһʱ̲סˡ
ʱףΪ˾Ҷһ̸ԼֱҶȵɸ
û£Ϊ㲻ʲôҪû¾ͺãҶֽǧͼ纺ڣҪôǧͼ纺
˴ǧͼٶȾǰҲ
ˣ
ףҪٴζԸʮĸ֮ʣͻȻ䣬һЩֵشճˡ
񻺻̧ͷȻ䣬ʧȥݵķϿգֱӿɽ磬硣
֮ϣҲֻʣ¿տǵĴ磬Ȼ˺ɫķ籩Ǻɫ籩֮лһ㷭硣
ɫ籩磬ʼϯ졣
Ľ綼ʧȥ˱ݣۼǺɫ籩磬дĳ
䣡
ɫ籩ŷڵ磬˴ݿտǡ
ȻǿտǣǼӲ̶Ҳ
ݿտǾȻںɫ籩֮£ʼ飬翪ʼݣ
⡭
񶼲֪˺¡
˾ͻȻޱϾĺȵ⡢ܾԤԵġƽ١
ƽ٣
Ĵڣ
̫ˣô̵ıݣ˲͸ˣǡô죿
һ׶ܵ𺳣ƽ٣ԭĴڣ˿ֲݶ˲顣
ˣ
ҶȻתס
ԣڵ׼һУٸȥ˾Ҳ뵽˵Ҳͳͳع
ಣ
׷·Ҳһͬȥ
ҶͻȻתޣߣ
ûжһ£ĸʿʼ׷ɱƽ٣Ȼӵ⣬Ҳ׷ࡣ
ƺ֪ⳡƽ٣޷ģðٳ֡
ٿٿ
Χʮٵħָ࣬ĸҲħ֣ʮٰΧȥֻʣƯڷգ֪ʲô
Ϊף뿪磬˴ϿգѼʮ˲ǿҲİĺܡ
ܿ죬һӰڰ֮лû𣬳˵롣
ڤ
λѽƿأںϣڤһɶǰ
Ҷȣϴ󣬽Ӧƽ٣ⳡƽٿ޷赲ģʮ밵в
ڤļƻҲĿǰΨһѡ񣡡
Ҷͷų̫⣬Լ컯ȣƬ˹ƽʼʱΪǿҺôԵֵȻҲԻһɽ뷲磬ƽʱټϴԿƽ٣ǻգɹⳡƽ٣
գ
˻ƽ٣Ȼա
񶼿ϣҲʼ
Ҷȼ˵Ҫģȥײ磬ʣԿƽٵʱʷǵ뾡취һԴҲǵǿõԿƽ٣ǻеĵʱΪԿƽٵ
룡
һٴθ𷲽硣
Ǻ嫵ķ磬֧硣
ƺƵȥڤͷͨͷ󷨰֮󣬲δоΪǿҵ
磡
һƬңԶ嫵ա
Ưһͷʹâ磬绹ŷ֮
粢󣬵쳣ļ̡
ಣ
ֶۣ֮ξ񡢻̫ʼǬĪߴ֮
ʥҲžʥλĸ۵˳֡
һͬӺ嫵񷣬Ļ𶯵֮
Ǭŵɫ԰ףǴ˵֮еƽ٣Ľδֹ
̫ʼȻܻҺŹʱ񣬳ɽ磬շ֮аգԿⳡƽ٣
Ҳ֪밵սˣˣǰˣᵽ⡣


2582 յŬ
˭ʤ˵ûкôܾˣ񷣬ƽ١
·ƽ٣ȫݻ٣һ磬ܶȹⳡƽ١
ô¼ԪĵףﶼҪĽ£
ҼӰѾշƽ磬ǾҪʼƽٶԿ
´﷨˿ʼһһ硣
شۡ۵˼ʧ磬ٲš
е磬磬ƽ֮УΪ˳õسΪȥ
磡
ʮ˲ڵʱգһƬտҲڤŵΪ·Ϸȥ
ڤҶȰн磬쳣£Ľʡ֮Уγɵ磬ֻʮٲſ棬ֻɶȻķ÷ע⣡
أҲ㶼ĵ÷ʮ֮Ҳų⣬Լ˲ҲҪʮճΪˣ
ίʵ£Ҷ뵽ʮ٣ɵɫһѾСģĳɰʮʮ٣ûʮܷҵ־ģֻҪʵǿһ֣ȻѹϾҵԺһ־ӡҲΪ㣬ûгĨɱ־
ϧûмһ棡Ȼ䣬ڤ̫ڤ
Ҳ֪̫ڤԪ֮УδϢ
ȼá
ҶȰοʵԶԣϣټ̫ڤ֮ôԶԼУĻ롣
ɼǻţǱɵĻ棬һжıˡ
ãõ𣿡ڤ纺ߡ
纺ȥöˣڤ֮󣬲˵
λԨҲĽֻ׿ԳܣʩչһƬռ䣬ƬռԽԿƽٵķ
ٶȷ֮ⶼһ¡
ʱҶȸܵԨ񴫵һȻͷų컯ȭΪǿĹʼ·Ԩ͸ȥ
ಣ
ȹͻȻһЩӰߣǾ¹
Ͼʿ̾ԪԨ·ҲγһЩϧЩδü׳󣬾Ҫƽ٣
Ԩöʣ򣡡
컯ȳԨԨһĻĻ֮УǵǿߣҲǵһμ˵Ԩ
Ƿѻĺ
ڰ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷ뵽޵꽵ԼǿĻ棬ͷ컯ȣ˹ĳ˵ҲǴﵽ޵ָ߶ȣ
˺ڰԨҲϰߣҹ¶ȣʼ½硣
˾ǿߣҲŸµǿߣʼֱ񣬿ʼᷨӡ
ڤͷŵ׵־Ŀǰδܵƻ绹֮ƣڤƿأֻӵӿʣЩӡϣΪһƬƬķ
Ҷһ࣬յ֮ͨ壬Ҫյ֮
ʼΪ纺ƣȷ֮ʼڤ˼ϸһҪʲôЩս
֮Ż˫ۣҷƵʥλףͽ޲񼣣
޲񼣣
һסеʹ԰ǵ񼣶в̶ͬȵˣ޷ͷŸ
ಣ
׷˹ҲҶȡʥģ
һԶŴսҺЩ񼣵Ƭ׹˴Ԩҵͨգ
񣬴ҶҶȻҶֵ޲񼣣ʱõְҵʵѴﵽԶžĸ߶ȣҪ޲񼣣̫ѵ£ֻϣƽٸʱ䣬Ҳ˵֮סԶŷӡսյͳͳΪӣһ޲񼣣һںӣȡʱڣҵΪܴﵽԪļ£봫˵֮еĴ֮
Ԫ伫£ǾϹŶľ硣
֮ǴﵽԪ۷壬ʼ֮ôһ׾ͽӵԶŴ
Ҷȵ԰㡣
ʵǿףҲȻڤҲδﵽǰһ۷壬˾ˮ֮Ҳڳɳ֮УҶϹŶһξ롣
ʱǴĻᣬᣬǾҲ޷ﵽ۷壡
ͨ壡
ܳʱ䣬ͨѾ˾˵
Ҷͷͨץ񼣹âԼ֮ӿ
񼣣
񼣣
񼣣
񼣣
һλλףƿأںϵ񼣣
ÿһ񼣶в̶ͬȵ飬ͨƿصı񼣣ҶҲͷų񼣣һͷ롣
ȻһػڲͷҶͷŴͨӿ֮ٽ̲صͷų
ʱ䣬һſӳˣطһλλס
׼һſӣÿһӣ̺˾˵£ǿʼָǿʼΪ
Ҷֽһֵ羫Ϊ֮ӣ־ͷ֮Щӷ·꣬·Ʈȥ
񼤶ؿʼӣҲʼָʵ
밵һսϵףµÿһ󣬶˱󲿷ֶˣܻĲʵҲ
Ҷȵϵؽٶʼָʼֿϣһɹ֮ʼ
ͺãЩ֮ػϴô
ҶȸӦÿ˶ףԸţ絽
磡
ĩհĺڰ𽥵ظ˷硣
ǰЩʧˣʣ»Ұ޾ʱգһЩЩ֣γ˻档
ȼմ֮Ŀռ䣬Ҳûκ·𳾰ȼգһٷ磬ѷеһգˣͳΪûʱա
Ǳ뿪ˣȻƽٻδ磬ɺƽѾٷ磬ӣһʧ
硣
̫ʼֳһ־ξ
̫̾ˣһҲ޷յֻ֮ͷһڷոĻᣬϧһҲǣ
Ҳ޷ԦڰߣǰƣˣҲþ뿪磡̫ʼȰ
ʼ׼ߣ
̫ʼξʽɳڲͷŴˡ
ͷųâں֮򷲽·ȥ
Խ˷磡
˲䣬ӭ޵ĺڰ
ڲˣԼ󣬼˺ڰ磬·Ҳز磬Զڵ١


2583 ƽϯ
ɽȫڰǡ
մ죡
һһݣԱķ籩顣
ЩƬ䣬ƽٵķ籩УƮĻЩһֿʼȼգǽһЩȼմ
ۿŴı𽥱Ȼ飬ҪʧʱʱԼһЩǸܵ˴ĺƶŴңԶɳ
ܴ
밵ĴսȻɱݣҲֻǴʱտʼ飬ʱɣȻΧʼɢϯ嫵䣬ȻҲһЩڡ
ҲǸܵĩս
ҲҲ˰ɱ硣
ҲĿһΪ䡣
ǡǶδҪǵʱվʱ¶Ǵƽ٣ȥ
ȣ
ƽٵĻƮЩϣǼͷʱȼˣͬһ󣬾ճɻҽ
޷ϣͻڵȻͳͳȼգ
һЩڵĴ½ȻûȼգȴǣٴӴ֮Уκε
ıȻں¡֮Уϵ飬Ƭų֮Уƽ֮ĽϷʼ𽥻ıݣǷ籩ͳеĸ߶ȣݶ޷ֵʿֺԵֵ
ƽٵϯĽ磬κܻ
ԶԶ˼Ԫ
һЩĿʼɽȥȻǷ磬ǴʱȥѰҵ

һ˫۾ڴӵ򷲽磡
ʥ
ӵ۾ʱ֮ϣʩչ۾򷲽硢ɽ硢Լ
һʥҶߣҶѾ೾Ƭ׹䣬ڴıݣ񷣬о϶ˣ߹޴϶飬嶼ữΪƬ
ԶԤԳˣһβǰ壬Ҳǵ飡
ҶһʥĻС޸񼣵ǣҲϢ
׷Ȼˡ
ҶͨӴմԶŴս֮У񼣳ƬҶȻ֮УΪ˴ӿһ񼣣ʱ޲󲿷񼣶ѻָ
񼣻ָһλλ׵սҲմﵽ£
Ҷӣȥ޸ˣǵʵҲµĸ߷壬һҲ˸ʵ۷塣
ڴϷʣΪһķ˼ӹ̵ķѾβơ
ҶֿʼչµжһЩϷ֮УһԸӼ̷ļԣͬʱҲоʵҲﵽԪԪ۷徳磬ţֻ̤ԪԪ죬ﵽľ磬ôĸʡʮ濹⡣
ʱᳬԽһУ
ϧû˴ԪеĻôԶԸĸʡ
ʥһֱϷĽ仯ԼƽٵҲ˵ãã֮УѰ
ҶþģһϹŶȥӭǡ
һȻ˫ۣͬʱƵҲ˹ϴҲӦøӦ˰ɣѩ
ѩ
ԭһͬӦϢȻѣѩ
ɱ칬ʱѩߣŵ챻ҶɱҲŹѩһ·
벻ôȥţҲ˵ҲζţǼλѣӷһ·վ۷ĹˣٴԪľͷ档
ãĵϹŶǧԨûϹŶǣ޷ġ
ǼķԼǹռ䣬Щ¶Цݣǿϣ
֮һλ󣬺СûжãҲǸ߲ˡ
һ£ͷźϢѩ
Ȼ統ǰڲͬŮͶȥĽ⡣
ಣ
Ȼ䣬һ־Ӱѩǰ
ҶȣҵЦô־Ҷȵ־ֻѩԼ
Ҷ־ҡͷѩڻûδ𣿻δ͸һ𣿴ԺʼҾʶˣȻѡĵ·һֱûа㵱ɹˣҵĵʼֻе죬һжȥˣҲҵĵˣҵУֻ־ҵһѹذˣȹѹأһжΪ˹ȥ
ѩһΣԼһỳԺȥôʱ䣬Ҷ޷Ƿ磬ϧѾ飬ûеĺۼҶȣʵ֮ûʲôҵɽٴطʱҲδǵˣֻеʱɼ˵ĺܶԣȥѾȥĩսҲ磬ҳΪ󣬴ﵽ룡
ʱٻعͷȷȥһУνҾһ֤¼Ԫĵ֤һʱ𣡡
־ʧȥѩҲ˷Ƿ֮С
â룬ƼҶ־ع飬ȻҲʥһ̾ϴֻأ벻ܼѩԼЩѣ
綼ˣȥʲô
Ҷͨסʵ
Լǧȥ
ǧ꣬һʱ䣬Ƕڵȴĵȴţʱ䣬ʵһ߷壬Ҳȫ޲ɡ
ʱ׶Ӧˣ֮ɢȥ
׷̧ͷֻʥ׹ɽѾƽɷ磬ıҲʼ
Ҷһһ˳֮ɫλʱˣҼסķƽٶԿ
ǣ
ҶΪĹǣȻһһͷӡƷ
䣡
ֹʮ꣬ͻȻ䣬žĵӭ֮
ٿǺѹѹĵ񷣬ͻȻ˵һЩҲ˷
ͻȻ䲻ٺڰֻ֮С
ƽ˵
Ȼ˴죬Ȼ硢ɽ硢硭ҪĽһ磬֮ء
Ϸһݣʼյ֮֮УϷȻһλλף·վһףǻĵ񷣬ǽԼͷ˳
߳߳
䣡
Լ磬Ѿȫ˵Դ졢硢ɽ硢볾׹
ڴʱ˿̣һ£
飡
һЩƬʣ׹صػʷ
Щʵڿ£зϣоʱܽ飬Ȼ·סɣû
ʲԣҲһ̵õ˿飬һЩʣ޷飬Ŭûа׷ѡ
ŽһģǵڶˣŽᣬնҪҲһ̬
׼ƴ̧ͨͷǹƽ治ֵ֪ܼʲôʱ򣬶ֻдżֵĶ־ŽȺƽ١


2584 ʮ١ĸʹ
ƽٴķ籩κʣ𣬼ǹ磬ҲԽκʻ顣
𽥵ģʧˡ
ϿǾͻأ
Ͽձз硢ɽ硢硢졭
ڵϿգʲôҲûУûбݣûյĺ嫷磬ԼӲ׳硣
һжʧˣ￴ȥǿյĵϷͬȱ֮档
羭ƽԴݿ֮ƻ𣬶ˣʡͳͳΪ˳ֻʣ¿յ档
ڿ飬һһ㣬ȥҲ𣬶Ҵƽʡڵ֮зһУȻᱻһգֻʣıʡ
һƬ𺣡
ʱ˿̣ڵԨһ۵ȼջ֮УƯһйâ
ڻԼֺƽʹ£ĹâԽԽѷ졣
бԴ
Ϸ֮УཫԼ˼£Ҫֹ类ƽ顣
Ϊĵߡ
ΪҲϣϣµļԪϵס
̫ʼξǬĪ졢ףҲһͬͷӵ֮Уմ硣
·ʥˣѾľƽٵʵڿ£Ǽһϣ
ҪȥҧҲܿԼ磬Լһеôƽ顣
ӷ翪ʼתֻأܾƽ֮£Ϊ

ͻȻ䣬ǰһɷ籩
籩֮УһŲ󷽸һЩħ֣ƽ֮УȻܴ
ʮ밵ħ֡
ѵĲ˾ˣ
ʲô
ʮ밵ħɱ˵ǲƽ٣ȴҲڶܺƽ
̫ʼǬ׼һĻ𺳵޷ţʶħ֣ʶʮ١
Ҳ벻ףΪĽ綼޷еùƽ٣Щﻹںƽ֮д
ӣ
ִͫδйĿ־壡
ಣ
ߴ֣߶磬ƶ޷ȥĵԨΪûлڰ֮
бҪ
ͻȻƶסʮٵע
֦ɴ֣סͷħ֣ħʮٻ飬ʮ̫ˣ֮ǰôԼħ֣ϻзʱǿĵز޷
ٶȼӿ죬Ȼ룬Ĵ־ͶǰವץȥԭĴֽסˡ
Щ٣
粻ܶˣͷ
Щ٣֪ʮסλףһͬ߶âٷ
飡
һâһ֮ϣһըǵĹȻδٻ飬⵽ж̣
׶˾
ٿ
Ȼ䣬ǰһͷӾ޴Ĺ
ĸʣ
ˣס磬ɭɭЦⳡƽ̫ˣǰҲҪ䣬ЩʳǱʵģ
Ϲ˭ķҪԽ֪
ʮаЦٴ־硣
군ˣ
ΪĸʮĹҪ൱ʳ֣ǶԿƽҲףҲҪ
ףԼڲĴˡ˵Ǿ
޷뿪磬һ뿪ĵеùƽٵֻȥɱһ·
ɣ˸־˵âЧ³ˣϻʮټ١
ǿϣǺܿ죬ʮµĴֳ˳һβס磬̶
䣡
֪ĸʷ˹Ĺֲ˼㣬һ׹ͽһ
Ȼ˵ʡ
Ϲʳνɣ
ʮŭɶס˼ͷħ֣Ȼͷųٴ֣ס磬Ҳһͬĸʡ
ʳǰ統֡
ˣˣ
类飬ʱĸߣǬ˶ˡ
Ҳûа취ɪɪ̫ʼҲ޴룬붼ûȻ޷սʤĹ
䣡
һٴ飬ӿ֮УӿµǣʮٵĴͬˮӿ硣
ͣ
ָо࣬ͷ˹һȥ־ͷѳĴ֣һԻɱˣЩ࣬ٱɡ
ܵȥˣλɱɱһ·ٽ񼣣񼣶ƽ٣
գ಻ò磬ԭϣĸʮ٣ȴһϣҲûˡ
ಣ
׼ɳ磬ʥˡ󣬽磬ǿſֲͬɸʬܵͷûС
ǲףû񼣣һ̤磬ͻᱻƽٵĸɡ
ô죿
ʥλĸ۵ˣʥ
ɽˣʥҲˣɽưԣԨ۾ıԴȴһҲûУգȻ񼣣
ٿ
ħְΧ񼣣
ˣ
׸ӳȥΧħ֣ħ֣ǰǾ󷽻иӿֲʮ١

һ̶ˣ
飡
һ֣նݳ˲סһ񼣡
ʮֱӶ׳ˣףܻʮٵ뷨
Ǳʵģ
֪ĸҲɱ˹ϷŹζ͡
䣡
״߶񼣣Ȼ󷢶˹ʮٵĴ֣ʮٴﵽԶ޷ĵزεеù
κιûõģĸɱ˹Ĵֿ⣬ʹ޷Ըһ񼣡
ˣ

ǹ磬޺ƽķ֮¡
ҶͻȻ˫ۣͫһ龻ֵӰ
ϴôˣƸоˡ
ҶȻ𣺡ոոӦʦʦϢࡢ̫ʼ˵ģұϹȥʦʦ
ͨ壬ֱԴһ
£ɳʷʱƽƽٳܵΪķ籩ҶΧ£
ҶʩչߣʱһϢʧˣЩҲӦϢвô⡣
Իʣ
ƽ̫£ҶȲӵߡ޽ߡߵҲںƽϢ
໣
·Ȼһν
Իһλһͬ޴ĽҶȾվڽϣȻץסǣŴԻ򶯵ĳƽշȥ
˼鰡ô˵ǰϢ
˾ףǾĴԻʣһ𺳲ѣΪǸоԻɱ䣬ɱһĴڡ
ҴԻʿƲһͷϵ
ͷŽҶȣڶĺƽƿΣоĹ֮ھڰںڰ֮дһģһ
ҶȼԦ̫·Ϊ˹֮񣬲յĹ֮Ҳƽ֮£ɵڻ֮д


2585 ׼ԸΪ
һжҵʳ
ںƽٵϯ֮£
綼Ƿٴ֣ħɱϵؽһ񼣡
ʮٱĸʻҪ¡
һЩħѾɱ֮С
ǧٿ׵ڣʥҲ޷ֺƽԼ֮Уǵơжȫѹ޷ֺ
ħȴɱˣںƽ֮£ܣһ࣬еԸħɣͿʼԱһܽһЩħֻɱˡ
ʥͷǡ
ͷħʥɱˣΧЩǿߣһһħֵʳʥλĸַߣҲյвħ֣Ϊħֵʳ
䣡
ԽԽ飬ֲ˶ã
ߴʮٲסףȫ߶ţʱʮĸҲԽԽǸûл·
ֻ֮ţ
̫ʼʩչ˾ֻ֮ţһ󲿷Ĵڡ
䣡
ֻʮǰֻ֮Ե̫΢һֻֻ֮ţͽŻͬʱ顣
ҲӲƽٰ̫ʼûѪֻ֮ŶˣѾûκļȥ
Թ˲ϾĻȥܻ̫ʼ
񼣣
ξ߶ȴ޷ȫѹʮ٣ξֶ߳۵Ӱ
ȻֶʼߣҪξ
ֶȰ˵ҶҪһͬΪħֵʳʱѵûʶѡǴ𣿡
ĸס
ξȻ֮ǰʶԪ֮Уһڵʶ֮£Ҳ޻˵ջҪ

һֹ񼣣ξ񲻶Ѫల£ں񼣣Ϊһס
ô
ʵܶԿƽ٣
Ī죡
ʮԽԽҪԸĸʣԼΧħ֣Ҫ񼣣˲¡
ۿҪֲס
ྐྵȻͷһ־棬Ȼں˼ħֵĴ֣
ҪʲôĪ췢Լ־Ȼ޷ơ
Ī죬֮㣬Ϊ˽죬Ҫں񼣣͵ˣɣ
Ȼӡ
꣡
֮УĪ˱־Ȼһ־ȼյ־
˿̣Ī첻ˣͬܰ־¡
Ī죬䣬֮·Ҳߵ˾ͷ
նɱĪ죬ӵ͵Ϯ濪ʼڼƻһУҪں񼣣Ϊǿס
࣡
ǬһĻĪôãܱնɱǻк³
ʱཨӪڴʱ˿Ȼ߽⣡
ĸףˣԭ֪δһŮԱĸ׵Ķ󣡡
ʮٵĹӰԵ񼣾Ҫ飬Ϊ׵ξѾﵽ˵ز
·䣬š
ʦ𡢴ʦ㣬ס
ξֶھ֮м尾ʱͻȻҶȵ־֮ʱشӴԽգԺ
ȶ
ʦܣ
ֶξᡣ
ݣ
һ֮ͻȻѸײڶ֮ƣʮֲ֮УԵޱȴŹ
ȣ
һĴնϣʵ̫ǿˣԲЩףԿȵġ
ɷ򣡡
һס񼣣Ǽ֮У͵СֵУһƾʧ
ĹףȻʱ򣬸
ʮĸսͻȻһĴֲ㣬նϣܵв֪ɱˡ
䣡
ʢŭѣѸ͵һ𣬽ࡢ̫ʼǬף÷׷Ѫʧȥ˹â
ֻһ˾ˣҡһƯ֮УȻǰ򵥣ҾԶˡ
ԶգһϢϢֻ֮УξֶۣȻԻʳڽ¡
ҶӶˣҲ쳣ʦ𡢴ʦ㣬ûˣҲĸʾвң
ʦܣԲ𡭡Բ𣡡ξؿ˳
ʦ㣬һжĴɽ磬㱻ߣҾ֪˻ʲôȻŮʵʵֻʯʶ಻ʦ𣬽Ѫˣһֱ㣬Ȼһжȥˣʦ;Ͳˣ׼뿪ҪʱԿĸʮ٣һҲûУ
߰ɣ
ֶͬˣҲûпһ࣬ǸģЩʧȥŮˡ
һ£
ҶͻȻһˣԻʽȴʦʦԶȥȥ
ȶҪȥħ̫ˣֶ쵣Ķ
û£ҵð쵽һ£
ҶʧˣʩչܵĴڡ
ԦգϢҶ𽥿ʮ٣ʱʮҲ޷Ҳ޷̫ʮ١

һ񼣣ˡ
еһλףʮٴץס˸ʬ
н³
Ҷȷɹ񼣣ͻȻһ񼣾Ϳ飬ͷСͬʱ߶ֻߣֻؽΧٴ֡
ಣ
ڽ֮£С˳
Ǭ񼣣
˭˭ң
Ǭƾƶڼ֮գǬδعΪҪһ³
֪þˣ

벻ǰһӰָһһ޷־һС
סΪʲôӰԭҶȡ
Ϊʲô㱳񣬾һԷı壬ҲҪΪҵֵܱ𡭡ȻҲΪʵŵԣԼ־
Ҷ˵׼
ಣ
һٻӰҶԱߡ
׼
ǬΪŵĴڡ
㡭Ǭ𺳵ؿ׼һѪ
׼Ҷȵ⣬Ǭûһ˿أ棬ʱȥˣҲŴ㣬ΪǵӢ벻ᱳ磬˽
滹Ϊ˼壡ǬдʵĽ͵
Ϊ˼壿񣬼Ҳܵų⣬ڿڵľأ֮ǰһ̣Ҷ֣Ǭѻһ棬ҲΪʳ棬ԺҵϣһᳬԽĻԻͣ

׼˵꣬ҶָһһɾǬ촷ۡ
ಣ
һ־Ǭ񼣣׼Ǭһںϡ
µ׵ˡ
׼Ӵʱ˿̿ʼǬ񼣵ˡ
ȽҵĹȣΪһ޷ƽصӪ
ҶֽǬ׼֮С
ˣ
Իƿնͷŷâɵվξֶۡ
ࡢ̫ʼԼͥɻǸΪԼѡ񣬳ܿ
ҶȿǱʮ١ĸʰĿռ䣬ѾȥκˣƽϯֻܼԦԻ뿪


2586 ̫ʼվ
Ҷȡ
ʮٴֲס񼣣ҶȴֶۡξȥѽŤ
ҲʱԼ޷ԼļˣҲʱҲȥ
䣡
Ѹ͵ը
ԭԦ񼣣˲䣬Ĵ飬ûԱڱĹ֮Уձ⣬Ϊ߸ʬ
ѵˣ
գʣ»̫ʼࡣ
̫ʼԦֻ񼣣ֻ֮ѱ飬ֻҲʼ飬ټȥ
Ԧ񼣣ԼҲ֮УʩչʮٵĶ֡
ʹ೤Хʲô׷ǿд𣿿ϧƽٻݻһУȻ໹ٴתޣһβУһһᳬԽҶȣ
ĵطһ̫ʼ˾㣬ֻزʹսᣬһ̫ʼػٳϣʱ빬һͬư磡
ֻ񼣼ţ̫ʼʱȼ˱Ʈ졣
䣡
ֻߣֻ񼣣ԱķʽʱһֻУ˲佫ֻ顣
ĸʣ͸㵱񣡡
ʮҲһҲںԻ̫ʼԱͻȻһһͬǰǿޱȵĸʡ
һֻ֮·һ㣬˲ס񼣵Ĵ֡
ǵֻʧȥ
̫ʼˣȻ࣬Χ顣
ץסᣬ߶񼣴֮з˳ȥһУֻԼҪȥǰȥ

δӳʮ򣬼ͷħֱͬʱͻϮ񼣣˲顣
໣
࣬ץס˻̫ʼᣬϧĸʲŹκ࣬ħȥķ
飬ʩչͨԸħ֣֪ŷֵʧȥ֮󣬺ƽٵĳԼ޷赲ϯȻʼȼա
ͷħֳûſ죬ҧסԴ˫ţ˺Ƭ
Եࣿ
Ҫ˺ѣͻȻΪ˽ɫȻͬͷҧסħ֣ȻҲһͬΪ˽ɫʡ
䣡գżͷħ飬Ϊ˴ĳںƽ֮ʧ
һţһߣʹսᣡ
ΪĽ磬ΨһһλҶ棬ҲǴӷһУվ۷ķߣ޷ӹˡ
ԪҪƽٶʧࡢ̫ʼЩնΪȥ˭ǵǡ

û׵磬ħʮٵĴ֣޼ɵ֮Уʥʥλĸۡϼʼһһɣشۡش۵ˡ
ջӲһͬᡢ³ˣʵħֶ֣ƽ£Ǹûκһ˿ᣬЩһһΪʬǾͳΪħֵʳ
ȻҲƽ£𽥵ȼա飡Ԩಣ
һӰ˷·ǴԻʡ
Ҷ½ֶۡξӪҶ˲ѣͬʱҲ֪ࡢ̫ʼԼǬ˵ˡ
µǬ׳ˣǾ׼
Ȼӭ׼룬
Ҳˣ
Ҷվһ࣬ҶȲǽǬϢ֪硣
ֻ΢΢һƺѲǺں𣺡ǹƽģɻн³Ϊ屨ˣ
ҶȰο£ȻõģҲӲУΪĴ£˴ۣ磬ӴˣҪǰˣǻл¼Ԫ
ͷ
ҶȴԿƽ٣Ҫⳡƽ£վͻ᳹׻
ÿһ׶֮УϷһʣڱһ飬籩
ţͷӿ֮УҪϣֻһס
ʥȻƯԱߣԼͨƽٶȡ
ȥ꣬ƽķ籩Խ
ʥͨע֮£񶼵֪ݡ飬Ҳо֮ʧ˴롣
˵Ҳ֮С
λСˣ
ʱ˿̣ʥҶȺ󷽣ҶȿǣɭϵصͷĿޱϾ
ͣ
ϷЩһһ㱻ʴ飬Ϊ˳Ƿ滹ǳ޷Կġ
ķʣʮּ̣ƽٽķ籩֮һƬһƬɣʵڿֲ֮
ߣ
ҶȱЩʲôʧ
ͷԼĴͨһʱӵԨΧӿʣ֮ϣЧԣʧͻõ䣬ƽٶȵõЧơ
ʱһҶҲԼΪƽٽһжˣҲûʩչ
һ̣ˣĽ糹ʧ
ٿ߿գﻹеؽ׵ķ񷡣
ˣһжˣֻйʵƽ籩磬дµģһ壬ͻʼȼա
˿̣ңԶĵһ߿ա
ȻҲһʡ󷨵ķ硣
ϧ඼ͨɵķֻռʮ֮һĳ̶ȡ
֮УֻڤϹŶǧǿߣȼԼں֮С
ûһ˴ŶϣĿǵϡֻսֻк£ԼĲ
֪޷еùƽģǶںڱѵѵĴס
Ǵˣٵʱ̣ǲʮ˲ϧҲҪ
֣ˣǶˣ
һϷѾ͸ƯڤϹŶѾ԰ɫûٶԼ
ҽԼͷų
ڤ뵽ʲôһᣬ֮֮У·Щǿߣ·ܿһϣԼӵͳͳ˷֮УһӴƯС
Ȼڤһͬ߶ȻЧˡ
˴ͬʱΪ˼̵ķϷ󷨷ںһ
ȥ㱣Ϸһӵõ˰ȫС
ֻǸûãȻ䣬һƬ籩һŵĸ߿սٶ
䣡ʲôȻڼ֤ˡ
籩ķԼһ󷨶ʱ飬һ籩˺ѣ飬ûһԵֵ̫ڤ֮ȣҲ֮顣
գۼ䣬ʧˣҲ籩飬վںƽ֮Уźƽĳǵļͷ
ͣ
һ汬ˡ
һԼϹŶͬʱ˻棬Ŀҫ۵Ļ棬ϹŶҲ޷Կɻ
ڤˣˣش˵ҲԼ
һ̣ŵɲǣΪ˵ڤ˻ƵıȻŻʧΪһƬ


2587 ħ
գںƽٽٵĳ֮£Ϊ˻ҽ
߳߳
Ͽ磬ȻΪ˺ƽٵֲ磬ǺƽٵĿռ䣬Ϊһ̣ĽѾʧˣֻʣµһֿտǻš
Ľ磬Ҳˡ
ҶǿϷķ籩ԽԽһϾ۷Կƽ١
ƽϷ綼ǣмֺ¡
ģɵûѡûа취ʱ򣬺·ΪһֶΪ²
Ǵ󲿷״̬

㿪ʼźƽʼҵ𶯣оʷ㣬ܿͻһ
ҶڤڤҪʼ׼ʱ߷ʧʱ磡
ڤش纺Ա߷ɳڤ֣׾֪ѵʱ̡
Ȼţ㿪ʼһͬɳһߣƽɣΪ˳
ϵҲԵֵƽٵ˶ֵڣڤЩǿһѾ类ƽٻ顣
߳߳
ʱ˿̣ƽ֮еһз㡣
νȻʵǳԽĽ
ЩĽʿеĸ߶ȣһһؽʷһ
Һķкܶ㣬ĻѾ㡣
ã֮һķ㱻ˣ˾Ͼʿˮ֮ף׷׿ڤףˣ
׼糷ˣ
ڤת·ǧ񷢳Щһ·Ӵ죬밵ս硢ɽ硢սҴĴڣҲʣô񡢻Ԫǿߡ
ڤֹͣͷڤ·Ԩ˫һ֣һɺڰ֮ǰɳ
ͻأ䣬ʮ˲ںϣˣʮ־޴󣬵ʮ˲İٷ֮һ
Ȼǰ޴󣬿ΪںˣԵݸӼ̡
ಣ
ʼȥͬʱҲԼڵ֮ڣࡢĵ¶˾ı顣
ڲĹ磬ķˡˡҲƽĳҲŲĿ⡣
ܿͷ֮С
ҶȴʱƵ֮ף״ǿߣϽصڲ׿ʼ󷨣׼Կƽ
ಣ
⣬ף硢ˡֶۡξ񡢴˾ȥ
Ҳæںƽϯ֮£ǸԸ˺ƽֻ֮УޱߵĹס
񶼳˵磬ҶٻԻʣΪһҶվϷ߶֧ͨʷ㣬ֶܼãܸȥһϣ
ڵ֮Уڤһͬӡٴӿڲǹӿ
ǶϿգΰıӰֹ¶ıӰΪ˼š
ʱ˿̣ҶƵ־ԶӡǵԺҲʹӴ˿̿ʼµҲʼγɣǾҶơ
ֻλܵףܴ߳ƽ١
ͻͻͻ
ʷ𽥼ӿٶȣƽѹϿ綼ǹӿķ籩硣
֮УͻȻ̾ϴ󣬰ǿ治ףɹⳡƽ٣Ҫúó˯һʱ䣬ͻȻоۣ
ҶҲдܻ¼ԪҲúϢǰҵĿǳΪףͿԱˣ벻־桭ҵĿ꣬Ǳȹⳡƽ٣ֻҪ¼Ԫһͼ˹緲һƽ
ٺ٣ڴӣ
˾̸Цƺޱյĺƽٹ֮¡
䣡
꣬˶۵ùǺ
ͻȻƽٷ籩ʽӴʷ㣬ʴʼ顣
ƣȻȥټһ󣡡Ҷĵؿơ
ãϴһȥ߶Ҳ£ܼһΪȡһʱ䡣
ҶһԻʣһЩʷ㣬ٴͷʣǺƽٴʷ֮С
ڳƻص磬ʼ߶ʱ̧ͷĻ棬ڻ֮£ҶһԹ֧أǣȹⳡ޷սʤƽ١
һ˻̫С
ŹѹȶĺƽҶͻȻоԼСΣԿ˺ƽ١
ٿ·ĵҲԼ飬ƺ񡢺Ԫ̫ۡЩϹŶһ޾ƽ֮С
ôˣҶȡɲ㰡
֪Σһ壬ʧĻþ֮С
ͻȻ䣬һһϤ
ΪԼģֻа񣬴ű壬·ǺڰĻ
ħҶȶʱ󺧣Ȼʱ̣ħˣɲǺ£ħǿ֪ġ
ħͻȻЦ㲻õң
ҶȺüһŭҵħҵ룬㸴յĿģԿƽٵʱң
δˣʵһֱûʧ걻ѹҾһֱ֮г˯
ħҵͷҲҵ־Ҫһ᲻֪
׷׷ҵĵȻγˣΪһͷһֱʧΪҪѹΪҪһͬʧ
ħ˵оһλϹŶԿʮ٣ᣬĸ޷սʤʱҾԽЩ⣬ˣҲܴڣҾǶ㣬ԼҲ޷ԿƽǴˣҲǴˣһްգֻĴ𣿡
Ҳûйƻ㣬־ղɶ˻þҲδûԸ㣬ΪԼĵΪ֮ǡħ֮ܳΪʲôħѾʼжĵ㴴˲
ĵػȴδ
ΪĲǵıΪλҪħһ֣ҵģôǿһȥ׷ֻҪһζ׷ҵĵǣԴӴ֮Ҳȥ㣬ҪͨԼװ־Ҫ㣬ħտɲԶ磬ӵжӡǣ
ҵ벻뷨ڸգΪʲôҶҲٻħĻ
Ϊħȷûмûһɱ⣬Ҳû˿־ͷҶڵΪֻҪħ쳣뷨Ƕ
ħ૵ܼ򵥣Ҳ
ʲô˼Ҷȸס
Ϊһģ־ʧںƽ֮£ôҲʧҪţҲҪţҵĿľǱ㣬ҲܻţȻҶʲôû㣬ħܴڣ
ããҶѹһΣѹڶΣΪ֪ߣһյֶûʩչ
Һ֮ȷǳ£ҲܶԿģȻ㣬ȫûбҪңߡһ԰Ըʮ٣
԰ҶԸʮ٣


2588 һ񼣻
ѵҲ𣿡ħһ
Ҷȸ벻ףħܶԸʮ٣
ڤ˼һҡҡͷֻǲסζԸʮ٣ѱᣬ־ҲζԸ
֮Уʮ̫˼飬ޣҲְħ֣ƺҲͨҲʮ밵Щȴûȥ룬߱Ȼ޷֪Ĺϵ֪ƭ֮£ʮٵĶƣǷ־δĨɱ÷־Ը㣬ΪԪ֮Уж־ӡҵİ취Ǵӷ־֣һκ˶޷ӵеƣҿ֮䣬˵֮Уʶֲħ
ԭˡ㽫ǲһҲҪ˷ںʮ٣նȥնɱ
ʵڶˣ뿴ѲĶ֣ܶʮ٣Ҳʡ͵ĵƣֻܰƻʶս
Ҷ˾ǺãھͷҰһȳԿƽ٣
ħͬ⣺û⣬ҳĻҵʵȲϷ֮УҲǳ㣬޵еĴڣҪҵʱ򣡡
ᣡ
Ҷͨʱ֧ŷ㣬Կƽ
ӡ֮һЩѪȻʮΪٴ߶֮еľϵ
ಣ
һӰˣƾոոʮ١
һӰ˳ƷӰ֮УȻ󽥽û֮£һ۵ġҶȡȻ˴Իʱϡ
ʲôͨ
ڰħһǿϯ񶼸Ӧˣ˭㵣ܴͷǾԿȥ¼Ԫ
ƽ͵ⲻͨħɽʱϴħյؽӡͷųѪ֮ħæ
ħ
Ȼ򣬹ֲǿ󣬾Ȼħ
ɻǾħȻ뿪𣬳Ϊ״̬ǴδйĿܣΪγҶϡ
벻ͨ
Ȼ벻ףѾҶȣܵģ԰ɹⳡƽ٣Դ࿴ϣ
߼ʮٵȻ˼飬ӵľϵҲΪһˣ
ħѪ֮ںϡ
˲ӡ徹ȻһЩ֣оʮٵķ
ҲҿΪҷκ綼棬ŵδ飬ȥԨڰʵߴҪ㣬κ뷨һ齫㳹Ĩɱ
ôΪԼҲԼ֮»Ŀ꣬˵
ħһΪһӰ˵ǻδĵײ
ҶȶԣҲǲһѹħԲ£Ҫѹʮ٣ûħûжٰնԸʮ٣ֻǶԸУĸʣˡ
ҪһǿУѹһǿУһѡȻǶԸʮ٣ȻٶԸĸʡ
䣡
ּһʱ䣬ƽѹз㡣
ҶƷڴԻʼʱסҶȣȻƽܣ·ȥ
磬˴󷨣֮ǰķʻҪ̣
ٴξۼһ֧Ψһ硣
ƽ𽥵ϯ񶼿Ŀһ飬һ飬ΧϷǿյźƽգûĽ磬ûκʣֻϯʱĺƽ
·ظ֮ε
籩𽥵·ѹȣΧʿʼ飬Ϳʧˡ
ʱ˿̣סϷͷŷ
߳߳

ƽٴķ籩˹㣬һ󷨷ͱ飬Ž̫ˣ󷨷ںϣҶҲͷŸʣֻΪ廯Ϊһ޴ֻط
˷飬ܻἰʱںϡ
֪ƽҪãԾţƽԿ
ȥ
ƽȻûмϿյķ㣬âҫۡ
ٿڵף˶ƣΪ׳Լеһûκ
ȥݾΣˡ
߳߳
һҵ磬ڰƽգһ۰׹⡣
޼᲻ݵ𷭣һڵıϣһӡ
ã
׷ǿӣȻʱ򱻻ˣ
ûиİ취ˣ
ҶֽԼղص֮Уա
Ȼӡ֮󣬱ȻȻ
˾ҶȣʵףҪ
ǲĵֻȥȥ赲ƽ٣ݣ
һ뱣磬࣬Ȼȱһ·ֵڣҶڳСҲóĵĲˡ
Ψһõġֻ񼣣
ǣ񼣺ĴݣȥϷ
Ưڵ֮ϣҳϵʿػ߶һʱͷų貵Ĺâ
񼣣
һ񼣣ֲ˶ãֺģͷ˳ȥ
Ϊζڣ
еҲе
սȻؿƹ񼣣ɳ˵硣
񼣣
ɽ񼣣
񼣣
񼣣
񼣣
񼣣
Ԫ񼣣
еףԼںϵ񼣣ͷ˳ȥոճΪ׵ξԼ׼Ȼˡ
ʮ񼣣Ľ硢
ڣҪǵʱǳǰվ֮۵ĸ߿С
·񿴵һĻܵΪ˱ǣ񼣶ϧͷ˳ȥ
׿ʼӡ֮ڵػǣ׵߶һƯһ𣬳ΪΪ̵񼣷
߳߳
ͻͻ
籩磬Լֺƽϯŵ磬һΣƽ񼣵赲
ػǼͷԼƽٶԿ
䣡
꣡
ڼ尾֮еȴţÿһ춼Ƕꡣ
ͻȻ䣬񼣷Ӫ
ͬʱòѪ߿գһں񼣣赲ƽôãҲֲסˡ
һͬʱ飬ٴγ˴ĺۼ
ʹѣеᣬĬĬڿ
񼣶ÿ˵ͷ⣬ںƽ֮飬Ҳ˺ǵ塣
׼µķ
ҶȻع񣺡񼣼飬Ϊ𣬵ƽٻڼҲ׼ͷ
˴ӱʹ֮վ
¡
񼣴˴һ񼣾Ҫȫ顣
ҶͻȻ·Լ࣬Լͷų־Ƕ˺ƽٵҲûκĶԿƽ٣׾ԼҲһܶԿƽڣҪҪǵ־Ϊǵ־Լ־磬Լ
嫵ϯãã磬ԼƯеĹ硣


2589 򷨷
ޣɡ壬Ҷǵʥ־
Ȼ䣬仯Ͳˣ
ͷۿ񼣾Ҫʱ̣·Ĺҫ
ЩҫͬɳСҶӿҶȿϷǷ񼣣ر˫ۣҪһʩչ
ҶԴ֮⣬Ѱҵʧ񼣣ҵŵַƺԤʾһ٣
ٴνӵ˼µʱͻȻɳӰ
ԭʥĴ޻ڴʦĴʦɳ硣
˵صķڣҲġ
Ҷ֪㣬ҲʱҪ˰磬ʥҲһģλʦҪСģ
Ÿ£ɳ˵硣

ҲڴʱڱҶڡ
ÿһֻǹҫֻҶȿԿڹҫ棬ȴһӰһޡ
ϤףѻΪ໪Ŵۡ޵ˡ̫顢Ҷࡢ鹫ӡĪȻȵˡ
ھ֮УԼ棬Լľޡ
ҶȵڣĿǰ֪ԼʲôڱҪʩչ֮Ҳ
򣬵㳹֮ƽپͻչ罫ܿ飬Ҳֹˡ
ҶȼʥģԼ޻ڴʦĴʦʥĴģȳͷ־Կƽ
ʥûлӦ
Ҳ
һȫϷʥĴ޻ڴʦĴʦˣʼ
ˣ
֮УʥĴǰŹƽ٣ǵУ˫֮Уӿ򷨷⡣
ЩⲻͨĹâںȻԲƽ飬ƯϷγһ򷨷ӡ
˭Ҳ֪ʥĴӷʧ֮ȥʲô
ãã磬Ѱҵ񼣣ԼַģʵͨҶ֮£µϣ
ϿγɣʥλʦڱϯԿǵ壬һֱմϣǵ΢΢͸
Ҷȴʱ˴֮Ҳ˱仯
彥ӿֹѲ̫⣬һȫµ̫һ
̫һĹԽҫۣһ񶼱ҶͷŵĹȻõùů
ҵƺҪʧˣҵ
֮УҶȶûȥע仯Ƿֵ֮ӿڣֵҪ֮ʱ·Ҫ硣
ģ֮УĺһжΪӰΪѪҺΪһе
Ȼо̫֮һںϣĲʼȫ޷
Ȼһ̣о֮УÿһģԼ־գ־ȫ׵ڡ
ѵߵ
˿ֲ˹
աƿκε־жٵжǿһգ⽫Ƕô޷
ȻҲ⽫־룬ǱȻ䣬Ϊʧȥ־
ģҶַ磬κʩչ֮⣬Ĵ磬һЩҲʩչ
ߵ
ҶЩͿڴ죬硢ĽȻԿ壬ô廹пܻĽ磬ɱôࣿ
ȻֻǼ硢Ͼߵ˵ӵоӵеġ
־Ϊ¯ұ磬Լ׷ϣɣ
ڣͷų֮
ӡ֮һֻطʥλʦϷ죬󲿷ֵ磬ǲ˼
ֻҶںԼ֮֮ķͨ
ں˲ֻ߽ϣֻз֮У͸ϢĿϢƽٿʼϯֻУ˺飬ֻҲںϡ
ⲻҶһģ־ڰԼһУ׸ҶȣҪʱ̣ںԿƽ٣
ˣҶȵҲӦˡ
θӦģ
ҶͷߣԼһۻÿ¥ӶԼЩƵ࣬ҲҶȳΪں״̬֮£оҶȵһģһ
Ҷȿ໥ĸӦ˴ˣţޱĿǵǵ־Ҷ֮󣬸ûһ˿ҶȵգǶ֮ͨУֻ֮С
ԣ֪ҶȣʶλµĹ֮
֮ǰһЩ˽뷨Ǻ¡־壬ûˡ
Ϊǵĺ־ҶںһҶܿģҲܿҶȳܵΣҲڳܡ
ˮۣ˱Ž
䣡
֮ı仯ԼΣգҲֻʥŸֲ֪
ֻƽԿγɵĻ֮Իκʣκ壬ǰħ֣Ҳﱻɱ
λŸ֣Ƕԣʱʱ̶̿Σա
ԷŵȻĪ⣬ͷŵ򷨷ӡҲﵽ޷ĸ߶ȣ˵ΪԷŵҶʩչͨںһյķ
ϣҲֶΣ
״̬޷ֹȥôû˿ϣ
߳߳
˫ȥƽѹŵ粻³ٿ磬ΧһбݡʶʧˣھʣµײһЩʡ
Ľ磬վʣôһʣ
ͻȻ䣬ƽڲ磬˹ƻﵽ˼£ƽ·Ҳ
ҲƽҪȥǺƽķ
ңң޵ң
ڣڣڣ
գ򷨿գ
ʥĿ޻ڴʦĴʦȻ˫ٴκʮ
ǵ屾һ͸ģڳ֮£ȼ
ʱƽͻȻֻзƺҪпʥλʦһ̳͸ΧǳԼȼյĻ棬Ҳȼա
λŸִһֻ״̬ʵֲʵλãš
ˣ
Կ꣡
ͻȻ䣬ʥĵ屻ŻΧ
޻ڴʦĴʦҲͬʱΧԷŵĻ档
򷨷ӡֻ֮С
ģʥĲˣ޻ڴʦĴʦҲˣǷŻ֮УŽӲӵĹʡ
ͷҫ۵ķ⣬⣬򷨷ӡֻطںϣǿֲĺƽԿ
֮У˾һֱʥģͻȻ𺳵Ƿ˵ֻдʦԲšŻµķ


2590 ȹƽ٣µļԪ

ǿߣһķŴʦԲ֮ҷٻܴڵ
ѵʥ޻ڴʦĴʦˣ
ҶҲţƯںڰƽ֮ежʱӿʹ
λ
Ȼڰ֮еķ֮Уʥĵȹⳡƽ٣硢ǶڣĲˣҲԲţֻǺˣЩģԽһлΪ˅dڣľڣ˷ϣԱסңȹⳡƽ٣̫ˣҪڷ֮ϢϣһĲǺڰǹδһδҲٴη󣡡
壡
ףͬʱĿ⡣
Ȼʥ޻ڴʦĴʦķͷҲ𽥱ĺƽǡ
ƽѾ˴磬ͬħһҪ£Ȼʳ
ʱ̵ˣҲϣڲ֮и
ǻ

ֻ֪м֣ԼŬŬȻȡʤ
ߣԴ
׶ͷ
ͻȻ䣬ڤƯҶߡ
ҲʣߣԽʮ˲˳ڻûдﵽ̫ڤʵ߶ȣ
ʵ
ҶڤڤǿԶȹⳡƽ٣һȥټûкڰûб磬һΪһů磡
Ҳڴ죡
ڤһЦȻ֮Уӿĺڰ֮
һ̣ڤҲʮ˲ҲΪμֱԭ
Ϊһ磬ӵ
ڤȻҶȵڣһʱ䣬ҶȷԼԽڡ
ĻʵﵽԼ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ˣôͻ飬˲ᱻٻ
ҶȰ֮뵽֮ͨУһֻ֮ͬУһƽԿ
籩Լƽݻ磬ҲҪݻ٣糹Ĩɱ
ҶȲԸ⣬Ը⣬ҲԸ⡣
ʱҶȻһޱǿ״̬Ϊʩչͨƽٵֿ
֪˶꣡
û֪
ΪʧˣʧˣһɴĶˡ
ȻҲûʱ䣬û˷
ھ֮жȹ֮ҧϣԼ֣ҲҪ׼ȥ
ʱҶȽоǿ״̬ʧҲ
ôãѵͷһж׷ˣڤҲʧɵҶԱߣؿŹƽ٣·ڤУֻһֻ룬һ顣
ҶҲ֪˵ʲôôãٵΪ˶䣬ҲһΪۣѵҲӲض
ţĵĲ࣬ҪȥˣҲҪȥ
Ϊ޷֣ͻ᳹ʧȥϣ
С磡
գóԼ
ȻΪԿƽٵĸ
䣡
ҶȻ˷ӡһƬâϯڵ磬Ȼһ֮ԴµĹͬ˵硣
СǴģЩڴ
ᣡ
ٴοСҶΪģҶֻ֮ط֮С
಻ʧǻῴ졣
СҶָܵһ˵֮Լգֻطϯȥ
䣡
ƽϹֻط·һҲŹ磬Ź
׶ƣߣƽѾһУֻʣһƤңûƤҡ
·׳Լ־Ȼʼ䣬ΪԼΪ磬Ȼ˳ȥ
Ҷȴţš

ֲ֪˶ãûһʱͻȻ䣬Ըоѹʧ
߿գһۿʪԭƽڻգŶĴڰȥ
ɹˣɹˣ
񶼼ıһ
ƽʧ˵Žһ£ڼֵ
ֻƽȥ֮ʱƯźĳЩʮֲֿû磬κ嶼ᱻɱ
콵޵磬ٿ֮ĴȻʣ·һƬƽ֮С
ǳɹˣ
ҶվҲվҶȼش־ҵļ֣ҵŬûа׷ѣͦ˹ƽڸ߿Զȥ˵ƽδʧǱ뻹Ҫֺܳʱ䣬ȵƽʧջΪٳȥ磡
磡
ڸߺ
ಣ
ͻȻһɳ磬ִʧֻط֮УץһŽӲӵķҶǰĵ
λλʦķǣûмֵҲΪƽ顣
ģӦÿ˰ɣͺú˯һ罨
һӡȻʥµķ֮С
Ȼٿ֮һ񼣡
ÿһ񼣶Ϊ˿տǣʱȥõģֻطʧЩҲʼ
񼣣ǵʹڶڡ
񼣵ʧ׵Ĵ֪ôҴﵽʤΪ
˾񣺡ѵʱѾȥҪľǵȴȴƽٵĳʧ
ϾʿҲ˵ҺúϢԵļֿ̣ƽٽĳ⣡
ӦʧıԴѾ룬Ĺ֮£Ѿõů
ڤ纺ꡢˡξֶۡ׼ŮҶߣԱ߻гơ硢
ãȻˣùʧڣ
˵գҶȾͿڤ
ڤӡƯںڰĹ磬ӡʧ˴룬Ȼķˡˡ֪˺£˷ڷӡռ棬ˡ󶼷硣
磬Ȼֲܵڰһз·ʧˣҲӵ¶ȡ
ΪҶԼĹ֮У͸ÿһ䣬ϵ壬ҲԼ׸ҶȣͨߵڰҲӦ¶ȡ
ʱĵ磬Ѿյĵ磬ӵ¶ȣ嶼Ӧ
ֻ̫ϡ޷УΪάһЩ͵óռַ֮е׷ͷŽ磬Ϊ粹
һķ顢
Ҫģƣ綼ûˣ·ʲô
ڵȴƽʧĹ֮С
ͣ
ơڤˣ޲ϷǸʱҶȵ֮ڳһڣұڡ̵
ѵҪͻԪ쾳ˣ
ҶȾϲķֶȻֻһֽͣǾҪͻˡ
ͻƻԪһ磬Ԫ죬Ȼﵽо۷塣


2591 ľ磬Խ
ƵһӦ϶ȹ˺ƽ٣ָֻǰаģϴҪͻһˣ
һ޲
Ҷȣ绹δﵽЩףʵȴԶԶǣͻƵһ磬ôʵﵽֲĵز
Ըոնȹƽٵ˵ҶȵͻƼֱǴϣΪֻҶȲпܣʵһ硣
Ӧǡ
Ҷ֮˵ĸ߿գ
߿ۣ֮纺ڤҲһԵȴš
ҶȻȼԼ
һͺˣڶԿⳡƽ٣˴룬ʣ࣬ȫȴӵһɡһͻƵζ
״̬ڴﵽ桢ĸ߶ȣǲͻƵģ
ڵȴһ

ˣ
ⷴҶ뵽ʲôΧ磬ٿգƽٻǰеķԼԪԪʧȻҲǰʧĪʧȥ˷Ҳܵ״̬ͻƣ
ƽһУǻ˹ȥһУµʱ٣ĪΪˣ
ҶҲÿ϶Ȼ벻ͨҲٶ룬ƽڼ˵绹δ
ͻƾͻƣҶȴЦݿʼ鿴
Ȼ䣬ڶǸϢߡߡߡߡ޽ߡ
ЩʵϵУںһ̫һںһγ˱仯γһȫµ̫һ
ľ֮У֪¾˰Ҳﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ֱ仯Լ޷͡
ſʼſԴ
ſԴȫ໥֮γһЩƣƽſԴϵһԴ֮໥ȡ
ʣԴܶ࣬ҪԺʹãƽ֮ǰ׼ǰ㣬ڻǲã
һ̾ʼƾſԴͻƣ
ſԴڿ֮УʼתתٶԽ죬Ҷƿ֮£һſԴķӡΪƣʼһ롣
˺ܳʱ䣬һſԴſʼʧ
Ϊں˽֮С
ſԴûзӡţڵ֮д״̬ҶȽȫںϽ֮Уںϡ
ںãʿʼȼգΪ˻Ϊ˾Ө״̬Һ컯Ϊ˾״̬
ںϡҶȫһξʼںԴ
ֻ֮ԪҶ֮£𽥵ССӡʼһ
𽥵ģСջΪȭͷС
ᣡ
һӡſԴǣʱ䣬֮γ˾ſԴӲӵԴ
ȫžӨ󣬷·ҪΪ״̬
ž
Ϥ鿪ʼˡ
Ҷȶԣ˿ûκʹ࣬ʹ࣬Ϊʹ࣬Żţ֪Լĺúõġ
ⳡƽ٣δоԼôۣ۵޷ݣһͨ塢ҲʧȥˣҲʧȥˣյϹŶҲһһΪ˳
񷴶һжõ˽ѣ񽻸ĵΣڿԷˣúִۣδɡ
ըţԶף治֪Ҷ̤ԪԪ쾳磬ʵﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
ҲΪοģƽδȹҶʵ˸ġ
˺ܾãûʱ䷨ҶҲ֪Ƕá
֮ӭ飬ϧû
Ȼͷ˾䣬滹к嫵ڵҶ˵Ǻ嫣ֻһˡ
˭Ҳ֪ƽûΣգҲӾ֮մʼڣ֮ǰʣһЩҩӡ֮Ҳһͳͳڡ
оǱˮнΪڵʵ޷Ҫǰǧ򱶡
ٶȺûɣҲʩչͨ
̫ˣߡߡߵʣҲһһﵽ˴Բֲ飬ͿԸоǿϢ
һʱ䣬ҶȾϲطԼ״̬Ϊһ״̬˺ܶûʵʸо
ϸ鿴ڣſ˱仯ԭֻߴﵽ۷̤֮ԪԪ쾳磬һʶﵽ״̬
ͨ塢ߡߡ޽ߡߡߡߡߡԼҶߡ
ֲã֮У͸оǿϢԭĸʣﵽ״̬
˼飬˶ֵʣ˵屾ﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ʱѾԽ񣬳ԽһУ
ԭ֮ǰ޸УһַϢ
޾ĺƽ磬ɻ֮ɫĪǸңԶ֮УиӲ˼ڣǸǿ磿
оȻӵ˷ζ
Ǵ
ȻǣĽˣһжʧˣⱾӦþľͷôӵзĸо
ѵ޴棬滹磿
磿
ĪǴ֮
벻ף޸ʧˣѵǴ
޷ʼ飬ͬʱʩչ֮Ӧֻкƽûһ
ƽʧԶ޷գҪ֪ǰ֮УһЩ
ڤȻҶȣոҸ֮ܵıݣǣЩԺƽٵĳ磬ıݴ󲿷ڻ˷棡
һıݣջʧ
˫ۣҶҲ΢΢һ벻ƽٷ˿ֲԷٻκ壬ıʣҲḯʴΪ档
Ŀǰ飬ܼȥƽٽʱıݡҲʧҾҪʧȥʵıʲôҲûеգ
⵹ⲻֻҪƽʧҾͿջ֮еһô֮棬£ҲԽ磡
Ҷ˵꣬ڤҲˣ纺Ҳˡ
ҶȿλףǶھ֮УҲʱʱ̿עƽٵı仯·ҲĬĬȴʱһƬž
ٿ֮գǹķ籩ѲӰƽٴ󲿷Ȼȥƽڽš
Ѿ׶ȹ˺ƽʼȴ¼Ԫĵ
黹ڼٶ̫ˣҺûΣգԲ
ڵľſԴͬſǳͷâȫ΢΢С
̫޼˻׵ȵΪ˹ȥʽΨҵĲΨһţ˵иߵҵĲҲһµĿʼ
Ȼ޷ѳֲκι·޷
̫У޼˻ҲС
ЩǹȥԪĹµļԪִﵽΪһжΪ˹ȥΨµӦ硣
ңҶȵ˳˲ûȥ׷ѰϹŶĲǰԼĵ·ȥУڣ¼ԪӦ
ٿٿٿ
ֲ֪ȥ˶ã
ͻȻָ˼ž磬
ƿ
˵ʲôڴգ˶


2592 ǿƶԿĸ
˻̧ͷƽ٣һЩ΢΢Ʈţƽδʧ
֮н١
ʲô
Ҳ²׷ףƽ٣Դʱ״ֵ̬סƽǶữΪ
ҶͷߣҪҵɶԴ
ٿٿٿ
ˣһЩմ
ɫϾޱȣ񴫵壬Ӧǰħڿ
ħ֣ҲˣŸոնȹƽΪ˸һУƽڽУôˣҰҲ尡Ӧûƽ֮£ΪʲôǻܻྫƣߵʱٶԸġ
һλλٴξۼһҲֻǿԶԸ壬·ʧȥ˴󲿷

һʱ䣬սĳԽԽ٣ƽʧҪӭ¼Ԫ£Ҳа֮㡣
ͻȻǰ֮зһڶͻأɱһ硣
Ѹײڶ֮ƻڵĵ֮С
¡
һ˲䣬ڵݱƽٳʴµ״̬׵ؽݻ飬Ƭʼ׹䣬ȥ
ԸЩƬλͷŽ磬ƽ˺ң
Ҷվ˳ʱ֮УΪǿĴڣԽبš
˾Ŵ󲿷·ˣͬʱӡͷų㡣
Ҷһͬ׹ʣҶȶˣʩչС
ಣ
һվд׹ƬһƬһƬһЩ׹顣
ȥ
ҶȴһƬͨСУͳͳתƵҲգշ׷ӿ֡
ɲʱȹƽٵĵ磬һ̳ʧû˱ݣû󷨣Ҳûκηƾճŵգûһ˿ʿ
ƽڼȻֻĳףԼٵϹŶ⣬κҲֵˣҺôʱɴ˾ףʱסϷ
֮£ˡˡ󡢵ͳͳ£ǵʿ̫ˣ峬˷ˡ
ںһ𣬱˴֮ҲûиޣʲôսڰĶԿһжĽɢŽһ𣬲ΡΡĿźƽףǶܻ
ײóʣգںĺƽ֮УҲֻܲϱĶ
׶ԣռ˷ʣȻû˵ҩԼֱʹõǻдʯЩΪǿããա
ϴĸǼһˣ
ֹһʱ䣬Ƶüģǵһֱġ
˵ʥӵ۾Ƶۣǲ࣬ƿããƽգɱ⿪ʼ
һڶٳˡ
׼ڶҲϤľ
ĸʳˣŽʣļͷħִӺڶ֣ЩħֲǰײУƽҲ˺ܴشħʷ·Ҳˡ
ĸײУԵظף࣬ǾȻܶȹⳡ䣬Ұ壬ҵҪǵʳɣ
ҶʣĸʣĽȻ㿴أҲûйȥһУɱȥбҪ𣿡
಻𣬱ʼղģֻҰԴڣ
ĸ˵꣬ǼͷħԭزҲ뱣ʣİħ֣ԲЩҶ˿ٴ
Щƽٳֻʣһ֣ĸϣĸʱʱȼգɶԣʲôֻнһͷ
ٿٿٿ
֪ĸҪҶ˽֣ĸʿµͷħ֮УһƬâȻɫݺƬգٴִ˳ħַ˹
ĸͣâŭȣȻû
ϹﲻôĸʣΪƽɱңâ֮УȻޱȾ޴ʮ١
ˣ
ֲøֱӹħ֣ԭʮžʮٶȹⳡƽ١
ҶȰЦϴʮҲˡа취ѹѹǿҪɣ㹻ǽ磬ҲҲֲϣ
֣׼ħԸʮ٣Ҳҵ˵߷ְգҶȺĵơ紫һҪĸʣͬʱԸǣǿ׶Ըǣ
ʵڲУʱԸĸʣȻרĶԸԼ
ҶףûѡֻǷֿԸ̫ˣʣ¼ͷħ֣ͷۣʮɱˣڶԸǣպΪȡʱԸĸʣ
һʱץ̣ЦĸʣͷСүҪˣ
࣬Ը㣡
ƺĸҲʮּɵʮ٣ɵĻⳡƽ֮УͿðնɱ
ȹƽڻŸζĸʶԸ࣬ǿʼħֵ⡣
ǵĴڱǰÿͿģ
ĸʲȻһŭһΪһƬµĴڶֱҶȡԼ統ѹ
һ̫ˣ˾޴ĺڶֻǿһۣ;Ҫĸɡ
ĺãĸʣҪ㿴򣡡
ȻҶȴ߶Ȼϡ٣ֲһ㡣
ɲǣںڶ·ϤİĴϤȻǻ˫㣬İƬնǴ򣬶ƽٳУһͬΪµĹ
ڶײһ
ͻͻͻ޵գûζڶԲͬ໥ʱҶһ˾Ȼĸʱֲµĸ߶ȡ
Ҷ˵ʵѾ࣬Ȼ㣬ǰľڡ
࣬СڰĴڣڹȥ顢ʧ֮ʵȴﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ĸҲѹ࣬Ը࣬Ҳӵյʵ
֮⣡
תӡ
ҶȫĸʶԿץסòĻᣬ˷ͬʱǿĹΪ⻪ϯĸʡ
ĸʿӵʮģʵȻֲſ
סĸʣΪľ߽ĸʵעҶܳԽĸʣĸʳ׻ɱ
Իʣ
ȫˣǰĸѹΣĸռƣôô򣬿Ҷʵﵽľ磬Ҷȵʵĸʲ£ϳ磬ĸѾռ˿ơ
Ҷȵĸ֮󣬸ĸʵĿǣƽ֮ǰͶҶûЧԽ࣬ĸӶҶûЧ
ˣһͷͨһЦٺ٣̫ˬˣûôˬЩ࣬Ӧõõѵˣ


2593 Ѫɫ
ǾͲܸκλᣡ
Ҳɱġ
ǿҶȣһ֮סĸʣµͳһͬչĸҲǳԲġ
ߣƽ֮У޷ĸʡʮЩҲ
ĸʵȻ࡭ҪѹĸʡأӺƽٿʼڣôûϢ
Ҷ׼ͷŸǿĹʱҲ뵽ޣкܵôûжȹƽ١
ޡ
ĿǰġҲ¡
ֻ
ӡֻ֮ߣޱǿΪ֮г˴ĳ
ЩǺƽҶȽӡ֮󣬳ȻֻƣΪһֻ
һͨڻ̫ʼ
ֻڻ̫ʼʩչ£ܣκʡͨԱֻѹ

ᣬֻ֮УΪϰֻӴ֮ͻϮĸʡ
ֻٶ죬гɢĸעֻʱĸϡ
ͣ
ֻ̺˺ƽٳԲסĸʵ˲䣬ڿʼȼգǺƽ
žžž
ĸʼſ죬磬һֻĸɿֲֻ飬иֻ֣һĸʾʮҲǺ
ͨ壡
ҶֿʼжˣĸѾ֮УҶñشĸʡ
ͨҶȣ߶ߣ˲䴩ȥʧڴֻ֮С
֪ҶȱˣЦϴ󣬹ĸʵĺĵط
һ
ʱʩչĸʵĺ󷽣ĸʺ벿ȷǷĵط
룬ҶͷȻչͬʱ컯ȭȴͨ˲ʩչ˳
ҵһУǲĵһУ
ͨ˲֮УǳԽĴڣȻںϽ֮С
ͷʣڴʱҶ˵͸ģ޵ģ·һҪĴ
ಣ
Ҷȵ˫ͷųױȵââںҶеҲԲޱ
䣡
ҶȵѸ͵ػĸʵĺâʱûһУĸʧȥƽ⣬жѪڱ䡣
໡
ĸʷ˲ҽУա
֮⣡
罣
ҲͷԼǿ󹥻ĸʵԴ棬ǸſֲĴ֮ϡ
ǿĸʣĸʷ˲ҽУ˹ȷĸܵش

ĸʾâը֮У˳ȥȻҪա
ĸҪߣ
ĵĴ°·Щסˣޱȼ
ҶơִֹĸٴλУôҲ벻׼ĸʣȻס˵ĹԼƽٳ˳ƴһŴ֮УϢ·ȥ
˷ʱѾˣĸʱʵޱǿ󣬿ռǳԽ˵ģһķ㡣
ֻ
ڱŭҶȴ߶£סҪߵĸʣȻ磬óʼкĸʣڵĸʣȻĸʣȴҲĸٴˡ
·òķ㣬Ҳĸ׵˲飬׷׷𿪡
Һ֮УȻûиĳһûв໥ͷŵͨѿ㡣
ɱ
ñô˾ףҪȥնɱĸʣһӣǿߡϹŶȵȴڣһλλ߿շȥ
ĸʣҲн찡
Զսħֱ֣ʮٻʮȥħֳ綼Ϊʳĸʱ๥͵Ц
ĸʣ
ɱˣҶȡơҲ˿ֵʵоնɱĸʵ
ɶ񰡡ĸʻߣֻһֱ赲ߣʱҲһâ
ۿĸһ̣Ҫܵ׹
أ
Ȼ䣬һϤ޼ʵա
Ҷĸ쳤Х
䣡
âĸʵ˲䣬һӰƿնâסȻһɾҲֻ顣
׵Ĺ֮бըˣһӰЩըǿе˷ͷţԴ˼ٶԼ˺
ֱը֮УҶȵĵģ֣ޣ
ը𵴶ĸʾˣҲ׸ǿ𿪡
һλλױǱѣҶơһֶĸҲ֮𿪣ĺ󷽳ޡ
ĸˣޣҶҶ֪㲻᲻ĸף
ȴûжٱ飬ֹĸʼɡ
ĸʼ޻ͷűɱҶȥԸ࣬ԸЩˣ
ĸʮҶһƬ磬Ҷ˱ԶȻٴһͷųµĺڶһס
ĸˣɱ
ϾʿףȻδסΣҲܵһײǾ֪ʵ밵彻֣ǶȻ壬ĸʽ֡

ĸʮŴ죬ͬʱ׵磬Щ׵˲ϯס
ٿ
ֻĸͻȻַ˴δĹԴ֮ϵĴ죬ȻһѪС
أ
ޱǿ
Ѫб˲䣬·һԽ󲿷նɱûҶʣӦĸʳԽĿռ
Ѫ֮ʣ޾Ȼֳ
ĸ޷ջۿǿĹޣʧȥһ֮з衣
ڣ
˲䣬ĸһλ׷˳
һɫĳǺ֮ٶȴﵽ˼¡
ޣ
֮ǰĸͷŴ׹⣬ƵԶԶҶȡơһĻҲޱȣȥ
֮ﶯٶȣҲǳ˴󲿷ֵס
ɫ֮£纺ۿʪſ˫֣ޱ˹ȥ
ء
ƺ˵ʲô˵ƺҪֹ纺
纺޵ԼˣԼĺӣôȥһ̣ҲΪ˾ףŵסĸΪǿĹ

ɵ纺˫֣ոտΧѪ⣬һɿµ֮Ϸ롣
һſҪĸͷŵѪɫ֮ʳƺ֪Զ纺в
ˣ
ã
ڤһƬƣ֮⣬½ˡꡢξٶȷޡ
ٿ
޷Ѫɫ֮ʳһѪ⣬Ȼ뵽纺ϣɣҷɳԶȻѪɫɢٿȻʧ
ȥˣ
Ѫɫɢ·纺һˣôƾղˡ
˶ѪɫʧĿռ䣬ֻһһɴСѪɫУз·
гʧ֮У

Ҷȼâմ
飡
ڤξˡغ󷽣һͬâ޺󷽣
ǲϵѪɫУ˵ɢĴ׵ȻĸԵֵ


2594 ʮ͵Ϯĸ

ɢĴ׵޲֣赲ĸ֮ǰȫһףһ׶Ҫ䣿
˵ǰһ룬޷ܲ˴󲿷ֵף
纡
һ̣âѪɫУ纺ʧա
ҶȲؿΧ·𴦴纺Ӱӣ˫ΧץȥҪ纺Ӻڰ֮ץ

ҶȲţģһУ纺ܾôȥ

޾գҶ˺ѷεʹ
ϹҶʹģҲŭ
ͻȻʲôҶǰϴɩӿû£Ҳûио˿Ѫ
԰缱æӦҲӱʹ֮УЦݡ
Ҷȼæ۾ŷԼʧȥ侲ȻͷŻ龻֣Ӧա
𽥵ģҲϣȷûзѪ
ಣ
˾ϾʿٻҶն졢ȵףҲʱ˹
ҶȰҲʮֽҶǰֵܣٸӦһ£

ҶθӰԼĸͷţȻһ龻ֽ纺ʧϷӵдǧͼϢ
ڣ
һһ˵ޡ
޾Ȼᣬ·Լ纺
ˣ
Ϸǻ龻ͻȻһг纺Ӱʮʵ񶼲ףһƬǳâ
ҶȾϲ龻֣̾û£ȷû£ϢǧͼţҵϢϵֻǲ֪ںη
Һõ꽫ǧͼ纺ҲǴǧͼ󱣻纺һͬԾ硣
ٻԼʦѹ˼£ޱȷŭĿ⣬ĸʣĸʣ
ɱ
һɱ޲ýĸʬΡ
أ
һ̣޳ĸǰƯĸʵ룬Լƣῴ
Ϊޣ
һĸףΨһˣһѣҲˡ
ڣ
Ҷ˳ޣֻĸʸңŪȥηˣ
ĸˣҲƺද֣ټһɱĿ⣬Ҳǰǰţ࣬ңҲ֪Ӧñ޵Ĵ֮УӦĳռ䣡
ĳռ䣿һ
ĸȵ֪ϼһҲܴڣǳĺ嫣ӵ޵ǺӣҲǸŮӣѱĳһƬǺ֮УҺֻܱһҲǷǳңԶȥЩңԶǺӣûкյ
㣡ҧгݡ
ĸʼ˵̫죬ΪƬǺӾľͷΨһ磿ˣǴشλҵ׸磬ﵽΪ֮󣬾ͶȥѰЩ׳۵ǺӣҲ֪
ȵҶɱĸʣΪʧȥ౨𣡡
Ҷߵо־кܶ˵Ҫĸʡ
ҶޣֿĸʣĸʻǿҪնɱҲҪĴֵۣ𣿡
־ԺҶȼ˵ĽѾ𣬼ӭͣ밵ĶԹҲӦ֮ȥڸԶգ磬밵岻һƬռ棬ͲٳֶԹѵ¼ԪǻҪɱ¾ȥ
ףģͬ
Ҳû
գҲͬҶ˵һС
Ҷĸʣɱǰܶͬ࣬ǰҲ磬ĸʣҿڵķϣɱȥڣǵļˣˣ㲻ԶҲ֮еһӣҪ밵ĶԹͿĸѡ񣡡
սǺͣյÿĸʵġ
Ҷѡ
أĸʣͫﻹ˸⡣
ĸʴ֮УҶ˵ĻҲڿ֮УЦడ࣬ãʾһʱ䡭Ұٴηչʱ򣡡
ףԸƽڴ£ĸסɱ˵޲Ļ
Ȼ·
Ҳ¶ɵЦݣĸѡ˺ƽĽ֣ҲٴοͫѪ⣬ٱ塣
ٿٿ
˭Ҳ벻״ˡ
ò밵õƽʮռͻȻ˵ĸΧ֣׸ı䡣
䣡
ʮռѸײڶ֮ƲסĸʣҲûӦĸʾͱʮ󷽡

ʱſں󷽣ĸεرߣԭʮںգͷų˾ͨʮ˹ȥҲ˲䣬ʮĴ֣ͽĸʲġ
أ
תһĻʱ˹ȥ
ǼȥԸĸʸӿ£
ҶȲȥðգĸҲ⣬һ䣬ųơȥ

ޱչһЩռһһ޵ٶӰ죬ֻܿʮٽĸʳ׾סΧļٰħ֣̫ˣԶԶҿ

ĸţʮԴϹ֣Ǵֱҧ飬Ǵֿʼԭʮռз涼Խĸʡ
ʮٲΪµľ֣
ʮͷŲٴֹ֣޿Ȼɳĸʰ̫޴ˣһֱܿ㣬ҲĶ֣Ը㣬ٽɣһᳬԽƽ֮ǰɳһµĸ߶ȣ
ĸʴŴ֣αסɱʲôôԸࣿҲˣɳٶȣѾҵգڣ԰ɱ࣡
ֻǺ֮һ΢ĳҶ֪ʮǺ֮Уб򱶵Ĵڣɳָ߶ȣɻᱻƿأĸʾҪ
ɱҡϼһﲻŹ㣡
ٺ٣ȱ㣬ʵҲﵽָ߶ȣֻˣʧȥǰɱ¾֮ģҲŹңֻҽڵ֮Уɱңǽȴһ·
ӦøлҰǣ
л㣿ʲôЦ㣬㽫ȻŹңΪλҪŹ㣿ĸʣҿɲǼһĴĴڣɣ
ͣ
ʮаͷסĸʵĴ֣ĸʵѪ֮Уֿʼĸ
ĸ޷ѳȥޱǿʼʮɣ֪ߵ˾ͷҶҪΪĸױѩޣ
أ
ǰǷĴ֮Уսĺ
ޣԸʮ٣
Ҷơɱˡ
ģôĸҲ޵ĸףͷǿΪһƬâϯʮ١
䣡
â̫ǿˣʮٴѹ顣
Ҷȣȵһᣬȱĸڣҵʳ
ʮپȻˣ´֣γɷƣ赲ҶˣԼǿޣԼһĸʣһȥ
Ӳˣ
ҶȼɲǻΪһâããգҪ׷ʮ٣ֱ֪ʮٹ赲


2595 Χʮ
ת
Ҷȱʮ赲
߶ٶٶȣץ˸Ľͬһ򣬹ٴ֡
ħ֣
ҲʮپȥǸĸԶԸ
žžž
ڰӡΧΪǺƽ磬Գƴͨܵƽֻʣһ
Ȼһʱ޷ʮٽ֣ʮٶץסǧѷĻᣬ˵޲һУֱײ˹ȥǶԺڽǣǶԳͬ޼᲻ݵ֮ٵĴֱ䣬һƬס
ʵһĸǲ࣬ҵͨ壬ܰʮٶס̶ֲȻ
֮ǰ赲ĸʵĿܵش޵սӿֲ
֮
ܽʮٲסô޷˳뿪ˡ
ҶȼսͷҲܣ߶ȻܵƽȻ
ȥ֮УʩչֻĴһһϷ׹¡
ҶȣѾձеĹߣѵ㲻ɣ
ʮʢŭѣַûꣿ
ֻʮٵ֮УͻȻһŴ죬˿µ磬Щͬƽǿֲķ籩һǵƣմһһ飬ίʵǿ
ͬʱҲڷĸǴĸѪ֮еĴ֣̫аˣĸѪ޼ɵС
ơѾʮٺ󷽣סȥ·Ҳ׿ʵֻ֣ܷԶ̹ҶȡγɰΧ֮ơ
ĸʣʮٷ֪ٵԶԶҲֻɾ˸ӿµʮ١
ಣ
Щһٶͷħ֣޷֮󣬲ٿ˹
Ҵ˾ףһ׿ʣһ׶˹ǻž뵶ū
ٻ𡢽ն졢ξ׼϶ʮˣԼū֧ӵǿսĶ飬Ҳ֧Ԯ
ע⣬ɱԶ̹ð취ǲܸߣҪѹ彨δġʮ硯֧ԮҶȡơҲǼΪˡ
أ
һٶͷħ֣Ҫ֪´ĺħֱӣǶ˿־塣
Ҷٴڸ߿һĻҶһȾ꣺ڣðħͷԶסѹ
֮صؽ˼£һٶͷħַ׷״ʮΧͬʱһ˵
Ҷȣ
Ҳˣ
ǸͷԶ̹ζԸżֲǿʱ޷ѹģ˶ƣסĥһЩ
Ҷǽ˼䣬ɢ顢ʥž뵶ūʮע
ơַ˾˹һֽһ֡
䣡
ҲҶȶˣҶ֡
̵ƣҶȵĿռֱײʮΧһ㱣֣κδ֣޻顣
ӶƬҶͷڡ
ħҪʮˣ
ԭħҲȴڰΪħϵħ֮ҲĽ磬δùĵ
ͬʮһħ֮ȻԽ˹ȥ
ҶȽײĴ֣ͨ򣬶ʱڿʼֽһʩչСתƵһƬգħգ˴ͨʮٸֲˡ
ħڰʮȻҲǵýشǿ״̬Ҹģ뱻ķϵ
ȻܵƽҲһŽһ£ʰشʱҲͷϣѹȻҪ޷Ĵۣʮٵܽı
Ҷˣħħ֮öл㣬ǰԣΪֻһͷһħڰһ棬Ҳˣȫ߳ӰҾңķʵҲħħʮֲɣ
ĻǣʮԸңɷѿˣҵδ赲ģߣޱɣ
һմҶħʮٱֲǶų
Ϊ˼ӿٶѹĥʮҶʩչߵԪԪ֪֮ʲô
֮У־Լɷ򱶡
߶֮ʮڿռΧɢ䴥֣ԼͷŵƣȻ
ճҶҲԴ߶ֱʮٵ־ǲеģΪʮʵҪҶȣߣҲ޷ֱճԽǿߡ
֮УҶҲʮٲʱʱ̿ĸʵҲΧռͺˣҶȽԼΪ˸Īӡǣرʮա
䣡
˿̣
ʮܵλײϹϻо뵶ūǿսʮԹ˲ϾҲ޷˵
һٶͷħҲǿֲʮҲ޷ƶ֡
֮ǰͷħ֣޷סʮ٣˵иĹ
࣬С˱
ʮŭȼգȻס
ڴ˿̣ı˹ʽֲ˼㡣
忪ʼת˶ĴҲתתٶ̫ˣգۼ䣬ʮپͻΪһƬ籩һɵɫ籩𿪣ҶҲ޷
һٶͷħֵҲȻ޴棬ֲ֮ǰͷħֶ޷סʮ٣ԭͨһ޶֮УǳԽκҲ޷ͣ
ҶӣǼ֣
أ
ͻȻ䣬Ӧ԰취ħߣȻһͬʮٷζܿͲһתʼʮת湥
취ãͨ壬ͷֻУ췴Уǣʮ٣
ֻͨĻʲôЧ
Ҷ߶ͨʼ߶ֻͨһУʮϷ٣޴ķʼת
ֱǹ֮Ĳģ
ơ硢ٻףҲˡūʮٷһʮתٶ

ҶͻȻˣ
Ư֮Уչ˫ۣ˫ֺʮ־ںԺ֮УҪǵǵǵ־ƽѾɹŽѹ磡
ǣף
䣡
˻Ӧ
ǿԶսʼŶδ㽣δϣǽ־ΪغҶȡ


2596 
غصҶȲϵϯ
˿ֻǷ籩ҶȵУӰϯԼ־ʼںϡ
ȣ
𽥵ģҶΧȼչĻǣ·̺Ĺ
䣡
ڴʱ
սͻȻ˾֮
ԭʮٵתָ֮ѹ˾ұըħ˦
ʮ³ֵɲǣʮҶһſʮÿһҶ֮Уһ֡

ʮٷ˳ХƺƬǺ֮УĶ֣
ٿٿ
޴ħԴסʮ٣ͨ߶ֻͨͷŴнһʮ١
Ҳ˹ūȻ·ʮûã˵֪ҶȵֶΣҵ˿֮

ʮʮ˴Ĵ֣ضĴ֣ˣ޼᲻ݣûκʿ赲
Ѿĸնɱĸʵʱʮ٣ѾԽ˴ڵǸ߶ȡ
µ磬ƽڼҪȥ磬ҪʮѹزУ
ҶȼһĻҲΪ𺳣ʮΧ֮£Ȼ˿µʵ˸оĶ֡
񼣣
񼣶ˣΪ˶ȹƽٶ顣
ϹŶ
񡢺ԪۡѪ̫ǣѾԼʹΪ
գȹⳡƽ٣ҪԼ
µûѡˣҲκκһ˶У
Ҷȳ˼һǿ߶Ըʮ٣ȻռϷ磬Ҳı𣬱һ㴥ֵס
ڣҪһ־ʮٴػ
ϧµĴԪˣڣſԽʮٻ顣
ħ׼ɣҶȷ·ҪʲôԸ
ΪึһУȸһͨ壬ҲҪһͨ壬ҪΪ࣬ħȻڰһѾûкڰһ棬ԶҲٴڣӵħ֮
ħֶΪһɫâҶȵͷ֮ͨϯȥ
ͨ壬ʼɣ
ԭҶҪڶͨ壬еͨ壬ⲻͨԼѪ⣬
ͨҶҲҪͬʹ࣬ʹΪΡ
ಣ
ƵҲ֪ҶҪʲôȻԸҲûѡΪʮ̫ǿˡ
֮ľȣ
Ҷȱ֮һľϵҽԼյĴ󲿷ʮһͨڡ
ͣ
ͨȼˣ徹ȻĴ֣ʮһĴ֣ܿ˾Ͳˣʮٴȡ̬ԽԽˡ
ħ֣Լ˵ʮٲסƴףȻ߶ۡ
һΣ۲üģǴüƯ˳׵һ˺ѵѪɫâ컯ΪֵͨһȻʮٷ
ʮ̫ˣͷŴ֣⡣
ƿʼȼҲǡ
Ƶ۲ϵȼգԽԽҫۣȻͻͻͻǿɱʮٷ㣬ʮٵɡ

ڣڳƵ˳ȻˣҲ޷ĴۣΪƵĳһ̻ΪѪɫ
·Ѫ趯
׵ɱʮڲÿһ֣Կ⡣
ڴʱͨҲͷųʮľ޴Ȼʮ٣ʵʱͨΪħͷų˴֣֮С

ȻĴ֣ͨͷŵĴֲɱһ໥˺ԷĴ֣ȻͨҲȻħֵĶ֣Ϊˣʮٵжʵȫѹ
飡
޴ħ֣ʼܲ˺ҧʮٵĴ֣ޣĿɣǶԺڽǣײʮϣҲҪ֡
ͨڣҵͨգԶˣ뽫ٴѹ
ʱħʱҶȴ
֮壬컯֣ѹ죡
Ҷȵʵﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣطʮ٣Ȼ˫һ֣һа֣֣ʮϷֿʼתʮٵĴ֡
࡭
ʮڱ֮ǰ൱ǿĵˣҲҲǱ
ֲ̫ˣϾҲգҲΪǿ
ͣ
ʮΪ˶ԿҶȣȻҲȼɫ棬ʵǿɫ棬һ̶ϣԿֵ
ħҶȴһ
ʮڣ
һҶ֮ϣһӡǣһɫӰˣħʱħҶȵģֵģ
ħ֮޿࣬κ˼֮УԻữΪħ

ħֲԼҲ·ռ䣬Ǳֲסķӡռ䣬ǿռ֮УǷ
־סԸҶȱģ벻ҶϻһħһԶ˼
˶ͻȻ۾ħ޷뽫ķӡ⿪
õģ
ħʼӡϳ˺ɫĴ֣ʼӿסĽЩɫֿʼںϡ
ȣ
ӡֿʼһȦȦȼգħϢںϣҪ־ȫֿᷢħĴڣˣħܽԼӳϢٿ
ಣ
־ɳħںһ
ʱҲûз־ֻħ
ħӵз־Ҳӵһµ壬Կʼӵ壬ħ̰ʮڲѪ֮ʼںϡ
ٿ
Ȼ䣬һֳˣʮٵ־
㣬ôӳķӡʮ־𺳵Ĵħ
㻹ҷ𣿿뱾ѹħһڰӡ־
ͻͻ
־ʮڲ˾ս
ʮϢˣ
Ҷȸо˱仯ƵҲоʮ
컯־
ǿ״̬ҶȼģԼʣΪҪʼѹʮٵ־
ߵһչֳŸγɵĻ档
ಣ
ಣ
֪һ󣬾ȻӰĽڵգȻͬɫĳ֮ᡣ
ףɹˣϲ㣡
һӰȻ
ǰҶ벻񣬾ߣԼȼգܽ־
ζʲô
ζ
ҵ־δʧԭĽʧҵһҲźƽʧϷ绽ѣ
οЦݿҶȣȻҲĴ˾Ͼʿȵס


2597 ħҶں
ǿûȥ
Ȼ䣬һɫӰֳ
Ѫǿߣ
ЩŬͰ
̫Ҳˡ
ۡԪۡʥаȵϹŶȻҶȼǰ
䣬Ȼ񷣬ƿ졣
λǰҶȽ־ӡȻ絽λǰתޣҶ˵ﻰ
Ļ⹦ҪΪǶˣϧҲ޷ΪҪѹ־Ƿ֮أȼɣ
ǰ絽ҲԶĳ˯
ǣǣҲʧػ
ףӡɣЩˣһ;
һλλϹŶƵЦ
ǡλǰߣ
ǲʧģ
ףԼһλλϹŶкӰ
ȥҲ
ϹŶѡطʮ١
Ӱ˳Լףۡߡ˻ססȵȵס
ӰҲȥЦݡ
ಣ
ͻȻ䣬ӰϷӰ
һλͷŹ
һλͷźڰ
̫ڤ֮
ڤ˳ǽɫӰ̫ڤ᣺״ˣ
̫ڤ¶ͰЦݣؿڤҶΪһźΨһĺ£ǲӦ뿪磬겻뿪磬Ϊһͬ磬ҲĽҲ٣һжȥˣΪڻֲΪ׳ԼҶҪˣΪʵһֱػ㣬Ϊ־õҶȵĴУԺģ
֮ЦֵܣǸȥˣʱ䲻̫ã
ǰ̫ڤ¶֮ɫʮ١
ҶȣԼλףЩ˻ΪҾҲñˣΪǵ־ػ࣬ôǵ־Զ๲棬ǻһͬǣ磬һµļԪ
֮˵꣬Ȼź󷽳ֵһԶӰʮ١
дԶӰ֮У̫Զŵ֮֮Ԥ֮𡭡
ǴŴӰ־Ҷߵʮ٣
ҲҪŬ
ʱ׼һͷԼʮٷĹ
ֻأ컯
ҶȷʮϷȼճҫ۵Ĺâͷųƿص
ͳͳں˹֮УӵйʵҶԲ¯߶ġ
Щ־̫ˣڣѾѹ־
ħ˵
Ȼ󣬿ʼ־Լ־ںϣҪںʮ٣
ҶҲ¶Цݣļ֣Ҫɹˡ
ҶȸͨΪۣסʮ٣Լںϣʮٸӳȥ
ͻȻʮٲΡΡ־֮ˣҶȣ㡢ҿںϣҿԺ
ʱ֪ѡѾ԰֣ÿɽҾ־ںϣ
ûȥʮ٣֣ںƽٵ֮ǰĻôͽ밵Ĵ鷳ȻԸ׶ȹƽ١
һأ
Ϊ˸˳ʹĴۣԼҲʧȥ纺Ҳʧȥͨ壬Ȼֻʱʧȥ纺Ҳܵ޷ݵĴ
ಣ
ӡ֮ҶȽԼߵȼջ棬ֱӴʮڲ
ˡ࡭ʮٿʼ
㲻ܳɹģ
ڣ
־ڹ̫֮ڤ£ħջΪľ޴־֣
ಣ
ȻӡŷӡɳոշɳʮͱҶԹΪķӡһС
ҶȵһҲ֮Уʼʳӡ֮е־
ʮףһ˵Կ࣬ҶȣҶȣǿԺʵڲУҲٴ㳼
ĴڣвҾԲ
ಣ
һ־ʮٵ־Ҷһɹɵ˫ͫ
ڣͻȻִʮٷ㲻ңҵ־ǿ󣡡
޷㣬ҲҪѹҵ֮УԶҲָܻɣٵҽΪ磬־ӳȥҲû
ǧ㣬ʮҲҶȵĶ֡
ҶҲ֪ʮ־ޱȺ嫣ֱӽ־뵤ͷžſԴԴ֮УΪӡҪʮ־ֳɾŹɣֱѹھſԴ֮С
Ҷȣ㲻ѹңһһУſԴ֮У־ԽԽŨңԽԽ
գ
ʮʧȥ־ֻʣ¾޴Ҷͷ־ֹͣȻҪؽ磬Ҫ̫ʱ䡣
޴ħ֣ȻҶ־٣ҲշˣϾ־Ҷѹ
ϹŶ£Ҳ˹
Ǽʮٵı̫׳ˣҲɿÿһλ׶ľ
ˣ
࿪ʼף
Ȼ䣬յһЩ
లֳʲôʡ
׿ǿʱҲκκƽĳԽԽɾ͸ƽƺһ̣׵ʧˡ
ƽʧˣ
¶ЦݣճϯʱȻһµ޾ս١

ȸԾôܻûĻ»˶೤ʱ䣬ջĶ
ڣµٶʼգ
Ҳ˵µļԪˡ
Ȼûй¼ԪգԽԽŨң
𣿡
Ҷȫѹ־һգѾȼոѹʮٵа־
ʼ¼Ԫ
¼Ԫӿһ̣ȻȼյĻںϣΪ˹ޱǿ档
ʾǻɣ磬ʵ˵׾ڻ֮Уһ硣
ԱǺӻ磡
һ˲䣬ȼյʻ棬ں֮ϯҶȫȼգȼԽǿҡ
һɺ嫵֮㳨Ҫʧ׷ҵħ֮ȵ˴ɵʱһ᳹뿪ڣҪʧ
ʱħƮ
ħζлˣҶ΢΢غţҲоħĴڣͬӡħ֮ӵеĸо
յ֮ҲµĻ𣿾һȻȼհɣ
ҶҲܲô࣬¼ԪһжµģҲµģҪģ˳Ȼ
ģڲͻȻ˶

ſԴȻڸںϵ£һſԴڻˣȻŵڻʮվȻҲܲʮٵ־
ڻľŹʼںϣΪһԴ
һŽ𵤣һڲͬĽ𵤡
ҲҲǽ𵤣Ϊǽ𵤣ȴһƬɸֻںϵǺӣһŻǺӡ


2598 ճɴ
Ǻӣ
Ǻӣ
ô
ſԴˣֱѹʮŲ־ȻҶڸ棬ȻŴԴʧΪһŻǺӣ
Ԫ󾳽磬һֱδþſԴٴںϣĪͻȻںΪǺӣﵽ˳ԽԪľ磿žŹһ
ȻûйڻԪ侳֮κεļôУҶҲһЩ
ӷʼ棬κιǾΪ׼򣬵ˡҲˣŴԴںΪһƬǺӣȻǳԽ˻Ԫ䣬ﵽһոµľ硣
־Ȼûκμأ˵Ľ磬ûһʿﵽ־硣
ʱ絽գף
Ʒϴڸô죿ʮ־𣿡
ƣȽһ򵥵磬ָʵ֮һ硭ڷǳ纣Ҫ磬ھҪȥ
ϴ󡭡û£ɩһû£㲻ҲӦ𣿺ٺ٣ǰúãһȥɩӣ
ᵽ纺ҲܣҶ飬صǰ˾ˮ֮׿ʼж
ʧȥ־ʮ٣ͬһͨľƯڻ֮Уƺںκζ
ʮʶأôͻȻӦˣ
־ˣ
ҶΪſԴںϳµĻǺӣ̻δҲûȥעʮ־
ϸȥһңȻֲʮٵ־ѵôʧˣ
ţȷһ£һʮʲôֶλδʩչǾʹ鷳ˡ
Ԫ뵤ͷƿӦǺӣҶȴδģȫǻ羧ɫеһЩҲ˾֪ǲԺҲữΪ״̬
˵γɵĻǺӣоѾһ磬һ磬ڲ˷򣬷ҶеʣҲ˵ҶȵڣȻγ˷
ռ䷽ŴڣҶȵûпԽӡ£Ȼγ˷ΪΣ
ΪֻʴﵽںϽڻǺӵް磬ռֿһɽʱգ޷ݡ
Ǻӻγɣʮ־ȥ˺δ
ѰһʱҶȻ޷ʮٵ־
ಣ
ֻüУûǺǿ
֪ʲôʱڻǺ֮ͻȻ˶Ҷȥֻһɹɻ⣬֯һŴ״
ѵʮ־
Ҷڷ״⣬ȻʮйϵȻעȫһƬ֮С
ڽ֯ʮ״Ƿǳ޴󣬿ȥһͨЩ֮УҶȸӦߡֻߡߡߡߵȵȵϢҶڸʣͷų
ԴӸʴﵽ֮󣬱ӵ˸ݵϢΪҶߣԻ֮еľȻҲ޵Ļ
ҲҲǻһȫµ
ϸֻ⣬ϵ֯ȻʮٵϢֻûʶʶʮٿ϶ͿʼΪʵʵ
֪˶ã
ɵĴȻʼΪһΡ
̫˼ˣ
ҶȼΣͻȻоеСʱ߰ģӦÿȷСʱӡ
ô£
Ҷȸо治ѣεĳ֣ΪԼγɵģҶȾˣΪͻȻγɻԼ
ˣ
ǻСȻ˫ۣʱӿֻ⣬Ҷȿ˸ʵϢ޷ȷϵĻڣһӶһ
νͣ
½ͲˣӵôʵϢ˵Ҷȵ壬Ҳӵ˸Ļʣ
ϧЩδģ޷ϳٿΣ˫֮ͫУ㿴ҶȵԪ񣬶ͻȻˣҶȣҶȣ˭
˭Ҳ֪˭ͻȻ˵ҶһҲǻξȻ֪Լ
ҵļ䣬ƺķͨ壬ʮ٣޵Ļ硭ҵ˭
СһٴҶȣѾΪ飬Ļ֮飬еӵеĸյңҲ˵ǻ
Ǻε״̬
ε˸ӣҶȻĴţԼӵеĻǺӣʲô
΢΢ҡͷ״̬ҲŪΪĸӵеļ䣬󲿷ֶģԼԻʶҪһΪߵ㣬Ϊ󣬶ˣҴĹ֮УӦһҲӵڵĻ֮˵ܴ֮УҳҪĴ𰸣

ѵԼڣгԽĽ
ҶҲú棬ڻСָ£ܿҵ˵Ĵڣûʲôһסˡ
ȻǵС磬µǵ
Ϊ˴洢ͰСˣСʧʱʱ޷ʲôҲ֪ӦǴµĶ
ε̺Ļ֮ûĻ֮Ӱ봿ϧкĽƣ޷Լ취⿪ƣӦʲôµĶ
ҶóϸоȻƣֽƣȻ޷ҵ⿪ӡǣƺһȫµĽӡơ
ôƴ߶֮һ۾ӡǣ
оãҲԴ߶ƣȻ޷򿪽ƣǷʲôӽ룬һ۾ӡǣ׼ȷ˵һ۾
۾Ҷֿ˻۾ǳƵ
Ҷƣƺ󣬾ͳҶȵǰ
һսƵͷѪɫģȥӵа񣺡ϴ󣬺°
ҶȽݸƣǵСʱµķ䣬ӦǴµĶֻԽ⿪ˣ
ɣϴڵʵԶԶ˰ô򲻿ģһܴ򿪽ƣһо̫ˣȻˣЦǺǵİ
о
һҲ¶˾Ŀ⣺аˣүүģ澹Ȼаӡǣ
ĸ˵ƺǴӴģȻˣֻۿԴƣ
ٺ٣һԣ
Լͷųں϶ȥǵӡǡ
ٿ
ȻӡںϣȻһɹϵĻ⣬ӷ֮ͻȻ˳ƣƶʱͷųޱҫ۵Ļâ
Ϊâڰգ貵Ĺ඼߸ͷŹâĳħ
Ƕ֪˺£Ϊγƻͷųǿ
Χ׶֣ΧΧ˭Ҳ׿ǻâΪʱǿ̶ȣѳǵʶ

ͻȻ˵ˣֻԵޱƺ֮ǰǸаĳħ˫ͫգֿҶϣߣµȻȹⳡƽ٣ܿµķô˵Ѿﵽҵĸ߶ȣΪ˴񣡡


2599 һе

һڣʱʯ쾪
ԼˡħⷬҲҶȣ벻ҶȾѳɾ˲Ĵ
ֻҲӺ棬ǳħ˭
ҶȶʱħҶȣݼǰ
ԭǴ־
ɲˣȻһ¹򣺡Ĵ񣡡
־˳ħ΢΢񣺡ȻҴ壬ǵĳɳ߶ȣѾҵƿأҲ֪ˣҲǰһԱĸãĸ֮Թޣܴ١
ĬĬţװΪҪһĻԭ
ɱľѾȥ絽ǽߴ£һȫ£ҳԽ磬Ǻ֮ϧ
־ׯϵԶ֮ȻֿҶȣߣ֮ΪңΪ⿪һЩɻ󣬶־ǵ뿪ƬգרΪµģңΪڵҲ֪ںδ
ҶˣԭԵǴ־ǹȥʱ־ҲǴǰļ䣺ǰڵľ磬Ǵ񣿡
ҵĽ磬˾žŹķΨлԪ侳ûдﵽ۷壬һľſԴں㵤ġ֮ԴǾ˵Ǵ񣬶㲻ˡ֮ԴҲӵˡ֮顯
֮Դ֮飿
Ҵʮվ磡
ʮ٣
ҶԵúܾ㵣Īһʮйأ
͵˵֮Դ֮飬Ľ硢塢ʮ١Լ࡭ôʮ˵𣡡
ŶҶȾӴ־
ںܾǰҰʹˣʵҰԼҲ֪ΪӵгԽκռҼǵãҲĸʳܾã֪ĸȥǻΪȻƣҲȱ㣬ǵһʱֻͨǸ̸Ǳ˼άǶôɱ
ԭҰҲǶˣȻܴգڻ֮棬˵Ǿǻ֮еĵ͵ȶ£øӵĳ죬˼άڳɳ֮УҲӵ˲һСǶôɱǰ޵ģͬķչҲҪʱʲô֮
ûУʲôûУֻ侲֮֮һһҲڻƯڻϵһӦ뵽˭ʮ٣ʱû֣ҲʮģֻһźͨʱѾ򵥣
֮ȻҪǣʼãʱ˫˭Ҳκ˭໥ʱͻȻ䣬ϵһƬâƬâãǻعʱȻʶƯһ֮Ϊʮ
һͬõʮòţԭڰ磬ɲ⣬Ըı˵֮뿪ˣȻȥʮҲʼоʮ֮òмһˣܺãԹںڰ֮УΪҪȥ׷ѰνƮ֮
УָıˣǾΪò˷磬ҿʼʮһ£¼˸ֵĴ֮Һòҵҵ֮ʼҵ˻ŵ壬ҵʼҲ仯
ӵһͨͷһЩ򵥷ʱòſдľҲпʼУҵ巢˱죬õҲ˱죬Զγɲ̬ͬҲʮ֮У֮ԭҲŷ֣ʮĸţ
ҿʼݱ֮Ҳ̬仯֮УΪУҲǿչʼһЩӣЩҲûȥںȫ׷Ѱҵ֮˺ܾãҵʵﵽָ߶ȣҿʼ࣬ʲô磬ǿʼһ磡
ȻҰ鷳Ҳעʱ͵Ϯãõļӣҿʼ׷ɱʱżͨʮʮֵģʵҲǿ󣬵ҵĶ֣ҽ֮󣬵Ϊ峹׽鷳취ѹ
ҿʼĽ磬ջ֮еʣͬʱҲΪľɱ͵Ϯ壬ϲ壬УҾ취ԸݽɹʱҵΪҲﵽ˴߶ȣʮһʮ磬ѹ䵱ıԴ
ΪҴĴ壬ȻǱ磬ΪҲ֪֮ҾͽˣһҵҲٴһ߶ȣ˭֪ã֪ѹϢĶҪҪΪӱ𣬶ҼѹһΪĽͷΪˣһγɷ磡
ÿʼĽ磬˵ǴĽ磬ҾͿԻص壬ΪȻ׳壬һµ磬һڰ磬ôܷĽ磬ԼأҰںڰ֮УҪůģҪָ飬ô밵һ΢ĻţӦӵ׷ŵȨΪĸöŬ
ѣҽ̵ûˣȥΪ˷ֹٶԸĽ磬Ҳͷһռ磬һƬ硭Ҳŷ֣̫˽ˣֿʼȫȫĽ磬˴죬Ҳ˴ԪԼС磬ԪʣڻռĻʯޱȼ̵ĴڣϣԪƿ£赲ɱĽ磬ϾҴδ׽ҵˣ
ֵʮٻٴλٽһЩ֮УĽҲ˸ҲʼڲͬʱգҲͨʮϵ֮Լ֮ʱĽ磬Ҿʹ뿪ˣȥңԶĻ磡
ԳƵ壬ĹȥԼĽĹȥʮٵĹȥ߸Ҷȡ
ԴԣЩȥƺǸոշһ뵽ʲôҶȣҶԣֻǹȥң޷Ϥκ
ҶȳĬþãһУǰһСһʣʮԺδ
Ҳ뿪ĽʱҵĴ𰸣
һ£˰󣬲ŰҴﵽ˴ľ磬ղſ֣ԭʮһңԶĻǺӣһλΪ𡯵ˣĴķ
ңԶĻǺӣ
𡭡ҶɲǼס֣Ժʱʱ̶̿뵽֣ΪʮӵԼ񣬻Լʮ١
Ҳ
ǿǧ
棡
ҶȵԺﶼǶĺ棬˭ʿ


2600 ʮ
棬Ҳ棡
Ȼ־ȥ־ҲһԵ磬ѹʮ٣ҾͿʼ뿪Ľ磬Ѱ޾մҲ֪ĿĵҲ֪ûи
ߵʲôʲôҶʳһ֪Ĵ𰸡
ߡҪ뿪Ľ磬ΨһҪģˣĽȻˣ̫ĲأҵĽ磬ﵽ񾳽ʱ˻һƽ٣Ҳƽ٣ֱʮвҰ壬ԣв̫ˣ
ǰҾ͵취ϵط󣬶Ҷԣһϵĳɾ͸Уҵ˴죬ҲС磬ϴԪԱĽ磬ͬʱҲ֪ʮһͬʮһͬΪĴڣǳҲﵽĴڣ
һǵҾ뵽ߣʮܸ٣ִӽĽ֮УĽ羫ȻƬ羫ټҵ֮ںϣҵںŵ㣡
֮ӦҲãҴʮ֮ľ裬ʮ๦ᵽǿκӵûǶʣжϣ׷󣬶뿪֮ǰҽں־֮ӣĽ֮Уȵƽٵʱ򣬳Ľ֮УࡢĽ硢Լһոµδ
ʱң֪ᷢʲô֪ý뿪ǲǶԵģ֪ĽǲǶԵģ֪ǲǶԵģӲ֪ҼʮǲǶԵģ
Һҿҵ־ӡҿƽ֮磬Ȼͬ죬ֻ֯ڻ֮УߣǹȥһУҸʧˣҲǹȥɣʼ׷һµ絽
˵ͷŵ־âʼ΢΢ı
ҶȺȻǰһ⣬һѱĸʴ֮Уǰ֪Χʲôգҵ
Ҳ֪ЩʱգҲ޷֪ѵľ֮أһлԼȥѰң
־ͻȻͷһ֣Ȼһץ
أ
޾˴־ǰ޿־ͬ˼ˡ
Բ԰壬ûҵһõİ취֮Ĺϵҵĺӣĸ׶ţǵİ취ǲԵģǶһյ㣬δİ彫ϣϣҵһδһոµ磡
ͷ־ϣ̾ϢֲģǽⲿڣΪ񣬹ȥδڡҵĺӣ·кܳľ룬ϣһҵԼĵ·
ಣ
־֮ոʧħͱ˳ȥȻƯҶǰķˣΪ˹ӿ޵˫֮ͫС
޲ˣƯգںϴר
ԭµǸģĸֵĲϣҲΣֲ壡
һ̣ӴʧټޣҶһеһС
үүģǿɶͷӣȻռӰʶѵνĴˣƨƻָʶɱˡ
׶벻Ҳ벻ҶȻΪԼǸ벻ҲΪ
Ҳ˵λ
Ǻ°λ񣬵͸ס
Ҷȼ¼Ԫĸֻû֮Դӳ棬ڸоֻ֮УоԼܡ
ҲڸУȴǵһ硣
ֹȥã
Ȳˣ纡
ҶһֱëëģΪʱʱ̶̿ڵ纺
ﵽ״̬֮ʮǰ

ҲˣԼϹŶ桢ġ桢ƵߴԼǿߵȵȡ
ڴʮ١
ϴʮˣϱ˵Щ׷ˣҲнĿܣ
ƿҶȼΪ̰Ц
ʮ࣬Ҳ㹻һһţҵһ飬Լ磬ϣϹŶ־ҲҪһΪ֮־ǽ֮ٴ
˭ϲ
Ҷй뷨ͷ򣬴ϣһſŴȻ󽻸˴˾ˮ֮񡢷š׼ơ硢ڤٻףһ֮ҶϸԼ˼ţȥѰ纺;У˵дá
Ϊʮĸ֮󣬼ﵽ˴ʵÿһŴӵгΪ
ʣ»ʮһ磬һС֣Ϊ֮Щ־
ԹԣԶǰĴ֮ˣ
ʱо˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ڰϣNɪӣƽһˮ
һίˣ޲Ҹطȥ
˲˲Ҷ
Ҷֿˣҿʼɣ磬硭ʮΣ
ʮ磿
ã
֣
׷׷״Ӧˡ
컯޼
Ҷȴ߶Լͨ·ʶʧˣֻǳҶںϰˡ
һƬԴΰΪһƬ֣סʮٵʮ

Χ֮Уӿ˴Լֻ
ҲʼͷŸʮһ֮С
ֲת֮еĻʣҶҲڴ߶ʮ٣Ҳͷֻںϡ
֪˶ãȴ˶ã
䣬ʮ֮ϣʮʣµһ磬պʮٵÿһںϡ
ÿһ֮ⶼм̵ݣһ·Ϸصÿһ綼һŴΪԴ֮֮ںϡ
ãȥÿһ磬ǳء½ɣ
γˣҶλ£γˡ
˾һڤ״ϹŶԼߵǿߣֱһ֮С
ڤȥϷ磬һµĴɣ
ҶҲںĿ⣬ǣڤ֣Ϸȥ
С㣡
ڵϷ֮УյֻǰūԼֵϹŶڤʹ˶ȥܻϾҪڤչˡ
磬ڤѾ˹ȥһУֻԼǾԶҶߡ
ʮϲ硣
磬ҶҲҪһ̡嫵硣
ڤ֮УһƬ磬ҶȿʼӡնޱȵĻԼֻʡ
Ԫˣµһﵽķ֣
ֻʣʼγ˴½ֽٴμӺ
ȻҶҪһƿʮķϢ
һͬԪĳ


2601 λ
֣
ԪһĴڣĻԪڴ֮УΪ죬ΪĽ
¼ԪҲ֧硣
ΰȱǡǵ־Զĥ𣡡
ҶڤƯڻɫ֮Уʼӡ֮󣬴Ļ⣬ʼڸ߿
ЩⲻԪҲʮٵȻһλӰˣȥһоŲ㣬µϲӴ󣬶ÿһ㶼ԲΣͬ龻֡
һĻˣÿһ֮У˺ܶϤӰ
ǹ̫֮ڤĻ߲ںϣͬػ
񡢺Ԫ̫ۡۡѪа񡢶ĸʥԨ۾ȵϹŶ
ǵҲһһ˵ڶ㡢֮ϡ
Ȼʥʼ졢տɷ̩𡢽ٳס˻׵ȵЩ磬ס
ʥķ
һЩס
Щ񲻶γˣҶ뵽һںϵ񼣣ҲǵΧһ񼣵Ȼ񼣣Щ񼣵ǰ񼣸Ӽ̡ǿ
֮ҶڤͿޱ𺳵һĻ
·ǹȥԶǣһӻˣվ֮Уǵ񼣣ػУȻҲҶȡڤơ˾񼣡
ĽȻˣ⵽֮УЩŵǣԶʧǵĹԶ
ǵ־ںʮ٣ǵ־ҲữΪУȻ־еķʽԼ־ĴͨԼΪʶʮֻǻΪзʽͬ
֮ǻٴγ磬Щ
ڣֳɹ죬Ҷں˸ִֻͨߣ֮еľŲֻ֣̺֮ʮ㣬Ҫ֣Ҳǲܵġ
ΪĽЩǵ־Ҳ֮ᣬΪǧǧٴ֣
¸Ϊʮ취򡭡
﷨֮ϣǷ磬Ҫвͬ򣬲Ȼ˳ܲ˻Ĵ
˷ڲͬ档
з򡭡
ȣҶȾзΪ
ľˮˣܶʼݵֻųʮӵ˵ķ
仯ˣ
Ҷڵ߲ڲ˴½Ҳ˺Ҳɭ֡
Ҳڻ֮Уޱ磬Ҷֻ˰ٷ֮һĴ½ʱ䲻ʣµֻȥɡ
Ƿ˴ʮΪԴУڽҲΪһǿĴ񣬵ʱʮҲΪѤ硣
ʱ䷢չֻط򡢴з򡭡ַҲ½ؽʮݡ֮С
ַ඼Իٽͨɡ
һҪҪǾз
з
ǾԺҪӵз򣬰˾硢ͻơٵȵȡ
зҪףоԼ־һͿˣһϸҪڶʱɲܡ
ʴʼټ˾ˮ֮ס
׶߲磬֪Ҫз֮У󲿷ֶĽзȻǴӷһУ磬ӷ˴ﵽԪ侳硣
ϸǻԪ侳磬޷񣡡
Ҷ뵽ʲôϸд£ڻԪԺзô̫֮ڤڵͲÿ׷Ѱ֮ͳΪ˴
ԼйȻã񾳽һʼһʵǵĸ߷壬ҶȾ֮ԴᣬΪзںϡ
һԺԴﵽǰЩǣҲڲ֮󣬽Ϊ
ʮ١ĸֹɱ໹
Ȼ£ôഴѹ١
һӡԺλʱ䲻࣬ҪȥѰҺԹڡ֮Դķ򣬾ֲڸλ֮Уȥз̴ҿǹȥĲ㣬ֲµ磬Ҫµ󣡡
˾һ඼ĵ⣺κδ
ԺƬǺӾڰˣΪǵʮ磬ʮΪԴǿڻǺ֮ƶĴڣҿԿ磬Ƭ֮деƣ
ڰ壬ҶҲԼ뷨˵ضǵĴҲǰһӣûд밵Ĺϵ밵սҪıһ㣬ǲñٴηǰ˫˭Ըܣ
ǰǰǵĵߣҲǵˣǲٴ밵忪սζԵĿģϾʿһ̾
ֵܣʱȥѰҺ񣿡ͻȻʵ
޲ھȥΪ磬ȥˡ֮ǰҵðһЩҪ鴦ã
Ҷοؿ򽣣ն죬Լٻ硢ˣתǲ֣ҿǾԺʮ籾Դ֣߶ĴԪ࣡
ǡλǰ
֣ͬʱҲƯһλλס
·һλãλ֮һֻصǰ
Ҷֵӵдҵ־ֻҪͷ־ͿԴ߶ֻ֣طΪԴҽƿꡢʮٵ壡
ˮ֮ͻȻηؿҶȣףЩͽɣѾΪ̫࣬Ϊˣʧͨ壬һΪ磬Σ
飡
ٻͻȻ£⣺ʦ𣬵δһ磬δȥ졭ܲõ㡭
ǰ
ն졢ҲͬʱҶңֵܰǶʧȼսĻᣬѰҺ񡭡Ҳ뾡ΣҲҪҵ
ٻλ磡
Ҷȷٻ뽣ն챧һ𣺡ҵĺֵܣֵܲͬ⣬粻ͬⰡΪڻ֮Уʱʱ̶̿ɣҲһȥðգҲҪǼȥ죬ûһԪ粻ģ
ʦ𣡡
ֵܣ
˻һҶᡣ
ȶҪСģǻǻֶҲ˳Ҷ
ҷģҶȸһҵ纺ȻǻʹҼµ磡
Ҷÿһף˭κƽ٣ҶһˣֵܡãѪˮ
λҵ־ʮ磬Լ֮УҲӵҵҲδȥ
ҶȼؿŴңؿٻҵĺͽ֪⣬㻹һҪȥǾ񣬵㸴ԺʦΪִ飡
ʦʦٻٴι¡
ұģҵķȻʮɣҲˣ־ʮںϣʮ˵˵ҵķҲʧһԶң

ٻ£Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱǰͻȻӰˡ


2602 
Ҷڤгħһͬʧ޻֮С
ϴͨʧǰ
ǰңԶ޾ηĻգȻҶȡڤƣţһӦǵ˼
˼һֲ
֮Զⳡ˼֮С
ǿ֮ϵ֣·Ҷȡơڤ纺񼣡־
񣬼ػעࡣ
ЩΪͫҲ⣬·Ҳͱˣ絽ʱҲڿ硣
ڲ֮һ
ΪҲϣͬҶΪϴȻøҲĴǰ㣬ȥңԶĻðա
ңԶĻա
ٿٿٿ
һٶͷħڿռ仺ش룬Ư¶شħ֣ն
·Ҳڸܵ¶ţ磬ֺڰûů磬ѵҪģ
ڣ
֪ʲôʱӰƿն
ǣڤҶȣаĳħ
Ŀϡ
ء
Ҳתͫ¶Ͱ͵ģ
ƺ
¶ΪҶѾԼ
ںڰ硣
Ҳ԰ħ˵ħ淽ʽ˵ǣһĥһּ
ϲڰصǰӡ
ԣȴҶȣȴôãҶҲû֣ΪҪںڰ֮йһӡ
֪
ҶȡڤƳˡ
Ҷ΢Цڣô㣬Уһˣ
ٺ٣ڰɶǴˣҲó˰ɣ֪ΪɶϲǰӣħֺǺǵ˵
ˣڣǸóˣҶ֡
ٿһޱ֮ڷš
ħҲԾԾԣһͷңԶĻ磺ϴеķƣҲûʲôɵĵˣ
ҵӡֺڰζҲһֱڰ֮еȴǣڤеؿҶȡ
ã
纣ˣ
ҶŻ糤Хһ磬·ѡ˶ˡ
ߣ
ޣһͬǰޱصĻ硣
ǻ֮Уеȴǵ纺
ҲλĴ
δ֪硣
һµðգµĹ¾ں嫻紫ȥ
ȫ꣩
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================