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ħ ߣ޼

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˽ԳΪħħɷ

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֮˶渴֮ʱԷԼ֣󣬵䣬һУɺϣı

ֻ֮
ڤ񽣡


һ 


1 
Ŀռڣɵȥģ塣
Ƭռ·ϡɼһֳΡľ͵
УһΡͦεɫ޷壬һööķھ޷תʱųĿľɫϼ˸еĪ⡣
ܵھ˷߰Զʱ޷âһһööطĶʱųϼ⣬ò룬ǰɵһӴ֮£ᷢꡱһһʧ
ھ޷֮ϣưĽɫ֡
ʱһĵ֪꣬ʱ˴˴Ű£ϵһɫ˿һ̻ƵĻɫƤҡ
ͷڷһɫƮԺ󣬰׾㣬ȥԼʮӡȻȥۣü䣬ȴԼ͸¶һ˿ǿ֮
ھ޷·΢ͷһ˫鶯֮ӣض޷壬ĴǽӲӵ֡
ʲôط㶵Ŀһᣬһ˿ɻ֮⡣
漴תĿɽ帽ЩԶӿڱ˴ߣʵĿ̫塣
Ƶգ˼˫ۣЩ۵Գһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
Ƭ֮¶˾ģתξٲ̤׼
ף
תɲǣھ޷·ȻһȭͷСľɫУ֮ϵɢţȥ֮
ߣ˭װŪΪҶ˲ɣ״Ȼ˫üһ˵
Ȼ˵ɴʱҶҲЩģ֪ԼĴ˴ֲ֪⾿ʲôطģ壬ְЩ죬˵Ǽٵġ
ˣ
Ҷɽžɫ֮ʱֻɫйâʢ
Ȼһ˶ߵӣһغ嫣ŰϢǵɢ
⡭ǱԵһɾ磬Ҷĵĺ岽һЩˤڵء
Σ˫ĿĶǵУҶɾȫΪ£ΪȻоһּΪϤĸо
оƺУǵɫ·ʲôٻԼ·Լȥ
֪䣬ҶɵĶͷѲ˺ˮʱãȻʹģһǵľɫȥ
ǿԸ£ҲǺ֣ǣڤڤеǹٻԼ
ڼеһ̣ҶɵκȻһ٣΢ԥһᣬоһͷֹҲ֪ǺδҾ͹ȥƣ浽ʲô˵гȥİ취ʲô
˵껰ҶɫƤһģ৵һ£ϼһһҵɫȻСӣûȫĳͷԣϣȻŽ֮⡣
ˡһ¡
ʱеĴһԲģĺӰֶƯ״Ҷ˫üһЩɲӡ
ǣɻһ䣬΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɵֳֽСǵģӰȥ
һһźӰǱҶɴ˳ϸһһ֮ɫǶһɫıʯ
ãҲûʲôŵͨװƷһ㡣Ҷɽץ֮ʱȴǸо˿˿֮⡣
ףЩ˼ˣȿʲôɡ˵꣬Ҷɽɫǰʱоһ֮͸ȫ
ʲô˵껰ҶһȻԼ͸ʧֻܿǰ߳ա
Ӷ˼³оȷץԼУҶɲЩϲ˵˵Ȼٺ٣̫ˣºͶȥ͵ҩģõıץˡԺúǸҩ԰ͷûȥٺ١˵꣬ԺиֳһŮ΢ЦĿԼ
оҲƮƮһ㣬·һԾͿɴﵽ֮⣬ĵȴЩɻԼΪλܿģҶҲû̫о
΢˶Ҷɵֽץų΢˫ۣЩŵĶǰЩľɫУ׼һ̽սУȴǲ˺ˮ
ܵҲǹŨҪΪľأ
˿ԥҶһ̤
ɶʱȻһϤĶУͬʱ৵һ£ǰŤѣһƬ

һкҶŬ˫ۣΧϤһУЩסԼҵĴϣ
ʲô⾹ȻһΣ⣬ⳡҲδ̫ʵˣ˵꣬Ҷɲ˲ͷϵĺˮ¶һ֮ɫ
ɶˣôҹǲ͵͵ˣʱ⴫һ͵Ů˹ػ֮⣬Ҷһů
֪ˣɶϳ䣬Ҷɲһ´ЩĲɵĴ·ʼմһɻ֮ɫ
ףҶɺȻ֣һ֮ɫԼĲϣЩ첻ʼ֮ǰһУǲзġ

ҶңԴ˵Ҳһϵȼ壬ΪߣϴԣҶҲ۰һĴڣֻǨ֪εԴ仧
ҶɵĸҶ죬Ǹļ֮ڴʿҶɵĸٶҲһʿֻܹˣΪˡ쾳塣޷ڷпܵصķɡ
ҶԴվȽŸģȴΪҶɵĴҶǿһڴʿһЩ峤ҲڵΪ˽һЩڵͽ׵Ϊ
ʶҶҳ˶ϡ֮⣬ȥġǰʱ䣬Ҷǿ壬һ̽Ѱõ֮Ĳʱ䣬ȴǱ峤ֺ
ҶҴڣռ䲻Ǻܴ󣬿ȥʮּӣǽȻЩƾɣȴɾһȾſֲ꣬޵Ļ䡣
мһŰɫľżڵСˣľ԰ڷľΣ˿̣һŰµӢӣɢŸ֮ݵһľ֮ϣ·˼ʲô
һṦ򣬴ӳ߳һλȹòŮӣжһŴľȥ
žһ죬Ůӽϣӻع漴̾һ΢΢ҡҡͷ
״ȹŮһԣסӵһֻƣ磬ǲǻ飿˵꣬һʹ֮ɫĿŶӣŮӣҶɵĸףٶ
ԣǵ˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷ˶֣ҵȷʹĵǣҲ׷ŹǣˣҶɵĸףҶ졣
΢˼һ£ٶʵ磬ҪʵڲУͰѴõƮٷȥѵһưո𣿡
ԣҶһЦҡͷҼȻı磬ͻնݳ׷Źǣ㻳ŷɶ֮ʱܹˣɶҲ˾𣬲˳ø·ɣԹʰһ£뿪ҶЩǵ˵
ôˣ˵Ҫ뿪Ҫ𣿡ʱҶɴ֮󣬴ӷ˳һһ޶ںڵӵֱתһ쳣Сͷĸо˿̣ɻĿŸĸˡֻɫԲ԰ףһ̬֮ɫ
ɶȳԷһٸ㡣˵꣬ٶ֣һ۰֮ɫĿǰꡣ
һΣĶǰʵͲһ㣬ҾҪǸٻҵУͰҽˣǿϧҡͷԵ˵꣬Ҷľǰ
μһֵľ޷壬￴źأеõһҶ˸߲ҵ˵ţ׼óɫ
ȳԷһ˵ҪȻû·ˡҶȻϵ˵꣬һ֮ɫĿҶɡ
״Ҷͷ漴꣬ٶǵҶһۣҶɵԴЩεҡҡͷ
أ
ʱֻҶ⴫һ죬һ֮ţһֺ
¸£Ҷ죬ٰƮٷԼҶǼѱ峤ɱ˿ɻסҶҡס򣬽ҪնݳѪϴҶңһźµ׶󺺣վҶլԺֽ֮е


2 
ҶĽкٶʱɫһ䣬ô죿磬ҵƺˡҶԣ꣬ҲգĿŸĸˡƺҲ֪
һ˼Ҷ·ĳ־һ㣬æٶŷɶӺߣĴ룬Ϊֵһ£ȥ׷ĸӡ
粻ɣһ˳ȥ˵ڼΪˣŷɶ롣Ҫ߾һߡٶƲ㡣ٶ
ʱٶһҶɣ§ڻ簮漴һ죬һöɫԼһɫߡȻС
ٶŻҶɶǰЩ󲮣ѰƮٷҲ֪ʹãһ˲ƴͶߣ͵ٶݹɫֽɫߴںͯϡ
һĻˣԭһ˫鶯Ĵ۾Ƥ׾ꡣȴǱΪһһ㣬ϸС۾ԻǣϷɫҲԺϵİ³֮£ǰͻݸ
״ҶץסҶɵ˫֣һ֣صصӣѾˣĸߣҪѧߺҲҪŻҵҪҶɣ𣿡Ҷ˵꣬̾˿
ɶ֪ҪȥʲôѾˣɶɵ͵һߡҲЩԱǡҶһ˵˫֮Уȴ¶˾ӨỨҧ˫ȻҶԼſԱסĸǿ˵
顯һͻȻһ죬ƺ֮漴һֽеҶ죬Ȼ㾴ƲԳԷƣݹҵˡ֡ţһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˽
ֻһʹãɶǸĺӣٲ߾ˡ㲻Ļ缲ܻʮ꣬ʱΪﱨ𡣼ס㽻ĻҶһŭȵ漴һ̧֣һһ£ûҶе֮ڡ
ֻöɫâţתۼͽҶɰڣ漴˵һҶâģ
ʱ´󺺴£Ҳǳ˴֮СҶˣûע⵽ԶǼ͸Ҷɡ
Ҷɽ˵ݣȴεؼ漴۵һ죬Ӱʧ˴֮С
Ҷ켱æٶ󣬶ź´ŭ죬ѵԴܹҹɽȴ峤Ȧ׺֣ھܵǿҶҵıߣ±ﵽ֣ҲŹҵȡԱϣҶҧгݵĿ˿´󺺡
ǰҶǿڣҴãһȥڤѰƮٷ֣ȴҲûи˷ЩôҼ峤ܷڣֵˣٽȫʬҲÆ£Ҷ
ҶһЦ漴ת˿ٶץסӵ˫֣ٶΪһܿˣΪԸţ
Ҷ컰䣬һ䣬漴һ⼤ţһѷ֮ͭɫĳգâ£𶯵졣Ҳ
Ԫɫ΢ǰѳ漴ѿڶ
ߣѽµĶ˲죬նɱ㡣Ҷ컰䣬ֳ̧Űгңңһ㡣
˵һԪâǣһ֮£ǳϿգƿ֮һնȥ
״ҲҵдһЦһ䴢һâһ³ְգһɫԲ״
Բһ֮£ԪȥͬʱһȵǻŸʲô֣һնɱⲡ
ʱֻһ֮ԲԪײһ𶯵죬ǽڶʼƬ֮󣬻ɫԲ˼Щ֧ӡ
漴󺺸Էų׷ҶȥҶ쳷ر
Ҷ״Ȼ΢һУԪڰһ󣬱ǻԼǰʱҲǺǰѳ֮ϡžž֮ڶţԪǰɫĹâ
磬ףһ֮ٶһ䣬䵥ţɫЩĺ漴һ̧߳뼤תۼ켤ȥ
״һЦ̧һУԲǰȴ֮޷ͻԲķ󣬾ԲͻȻֵ˽ȥ
ۡٶһѪɫ˲԰һз̫죬գ֮䣬Ҷ컹Ӧ
ٶҪ㲻ܶ÷Ҷ״һȣȴֹ漴Ȧ΢졣зһ䡣һãûǳ֮С˵һâţҲתۼ仯ΪС֮ŭնȥ
ЩҶɫҲԲ԰Ȼ˵ȹҲǼΪӡ
ҶڿʼƴҲɫһ˫ְַ任ͣǰԲһָžž֮Բ֮Ͼѳɫ绡һܼӡ漴Բһ֮£ǰվ޽ȥ
£ҲٶȷųԱԼһЩûٶȥ
Ԫ޻ײһصһ촫һŴĿѶ漴һֲˣϯȥҶҽȻѶм̳ҶլԺ

ĳɽ֮ڣܵ鲼ʯмһƽʯϣһŰµӰѪ棬ӣƺǻ˹ȥˣҶɣ֪һҲҲ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶָ΢۵ϣʱ¶һ˿ݣʱüͷ΢壬΢дһߺȣҪƲ·ɶ
৵һ£ҶɺȻѵΡȿȡؿڣ֮ǰһĻһṦȦһ죬˼ˮ
ܿޣ˵ҳˣҪѧǿ˵ĳ⣬һΪǱһᡣ˵꣬Ҷɾǿסˮ¶һǿľǿ֮⡣
ִһʮĺ˵ʵ̫޴󣬼ֱһλһͻȻԽܣҶɣȴǼǿסˮȻĵ絶һʹ
ãҶҲ֪ʲôطȿγȥ취ɡ˵꣬ҶɿʼܵĻɫЩصӡ
ɽտյ֮żڣķƺǿͨطһ㡣
֣ôģѵ˾ңͷ㰲ȻĽҴ͵ʯϵģӣʯһ㡣Ҷɿ˿£ƺձƽʯЩɲ˵
΢˼Ƭֵ̣ЩѪһֱͨһڣ״ҶվȻһʹҶһ졣
СǴڻȥַֻ䡣
һṦ߳ǴѪĶڣҶɵһѣΣǰ֮һ޵׵£ұһŨ֣ҶЩһ̤ˤȥԭ˶һ±֮ϡУҶٴǸΡ˳ǰ
һ۶ڣҵѪӣԭʯϻԵģ⾿ô£Ҷгɻ󣬻û˵ֻ꣬һ޺𣬺ȻҶ󴫳
Ҷɫһ䣬æתǼһֻ۾ޱſǿֲľ޿ڣҶɶݺݵһ˶Ҿһ󾢷硣
״ҶɱԵһˣһŲȿգһ֮£৵һµȥ


3 ǧ
ǧڷΧڣһ걻ֵͱڣܱ鲼һЩǧͱڶϲ϶֮࣬¡ɲ⣬Եǧ£˵ǧڵ֣ǵ꿪ʦ¶ġ
ǧ¸ʱҰ޳ûݴţǴ˵еޣͨࡣͨ˸ҽӽ˵Ҳ֣˵Ұ޴ܳǧ̫Զ·ʲôԼһ㡣
ҰһǲģһҰǽڣΪޣһ㣬ûˣؾˣһɣ֮Ϊۺڡʵ
һЩҰΪʳƴɱżʣǴ˵еޣҲʱᷢһЩСģһ㲻̫ƴǣΪʲô
ǧ¿ĵش˴Щʯһͱ·һֻСɫߣһֻɶߵ󸣬˺۵ĶŶԷߵӣΪء
ڶм䣬һֲＫΪֲۣĹʵǰޣѪ֮ɫһȥЩѣ޷԰εӡƺ񶼱С
ֻ޵Ϸ֮ߵ±ϣ᳤һСһӰһſ档
Ӱһ£ʮӣƤԺڣòΪͨһ˫ϸС۾Իǣʱضµ·޵Ѫɫʵ
ˣǵµҶɡҺãʱץסһ٣Ż׹֮󣬹һС֮ϡҲûеµףֻǹ˴˴ϲ㣬ɵĸ߶ȣҲһܹȥġ
ʱҶɫԲ԰ףĿ޵ĺɫʵϳŲһڴҲҴղУһҪĸǹɼִ񶼻ᱻǹʵնߡ޷ѹ
գǸ¾ͻȥֻˣСѾֲסˣҪϿ뿪ǡҶõزŵ˼޹ʵĹ֮
˳һͱȥҶѰȥķû٣ֻýͱ֮ڣһŲȥˣֻ޲ߣǲܶǸղŴ򶷣ƽӽڵΪˡ
һֻܾޡΣաԱϣҶɵУһ˿֮ɫĻɫƤҡõĴ˵ȥ󣬵ڿռȴǲС
ʱֻ֨һСͻȻֻʣ¸Ǵͱڣ·ʱһ㣬Ҷɱһ亹˫ֲɽסС
·ֻ죬·ȼ˵һ㣬ųص壬ٴƴɱ
ɫſһ磬һɺб֮ĵɫϼϯϮȥ
˫Ŀһɣſ޿ڣ³һƬ̼䣬ɫϼһ
žž֮ǱƬɫϼ˲һĻڶͷ׹¡
ͻȻһֽУһɫһ֮£ǺɫϡѶΪһƬŨĻɫ
ۣһ촫ɫǻɫһӴۿɼٶɼ֮ǿ
ɫֱŰӣʹһҵĺУɫâһǻɫֿкܿ첼һɫϸ˿·Ȼһ㡣
ɫɫһľȫ³һӨ漴ֱİһصһصˤ˵ϡۿǳ࣬ˡ
ۼӨԼϮͻȻתΣ浥ȻãһͻȻһ࣬ž޴һ̧ǵֵȥ
صһ촫һɫϼѶα֮Զ涼һ޴ӡ
ʱҲأ޴ĺѪģұɫϼһϢҲǽ˼㣬俴ɫߣûг׶ӡ
кɫһŽӲ壬˫ȻԾ֮ߣſǿֲľ޿ڣǺ޻֮ɫȥ
ʱֻøһҶڵǿС׵ĶѿҶɵವһ·ڰе󸣬ٵ׹¡
󸣬ֻϷХ֮һȻ漴ǸоʲôصҵԼϣԼ䣬俴һӰһĨɫ⡣
ء죬Ҷθոҵ֮ϣصˤ˵ϣǿ֮ĩľ󸣬ʹһֽдζЩ޷Ų
ʱҶҲԾϵ£״׹һһתͷ­ſ޿ڣҶһҧȥ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ȴǱһ˿侲ʹȫһ˿ǿŷ漴žһ㡣
һĻˣ׶ޱȵľ󸣬ͻȻֳһ˿֮ɫ޴ͷ­һ·ʲôһ㡣漴ſ˵ϡ
ͬʱǾ󸱳󣬲֪ʱһ߳Ҷǳ֮ϣɫѣۡһȫû˾ڡ
׼Ԫ⽣֮ƣڣȻ϶ҪˡҶɻ䣬Ǿǰһ׵˹ȥ˾м䡣
Ҳ֪˶ãһ΢紵еҶɣͻȻָ΢һ£Ƭ̺Щǵ˫ۡ
û𣿡ԱϣҶɼѵӣܿ˿漴Щ
ףĸףɶһҪҵ˰ѲκãһʮꡣǱ𡣡ٴλǰһĻĻҶ۵ӣޱȼ˵˫Ŀ֮УһξӨỨš
˲۽ǣֿ˿ֻޣҶףڲǶƸеʱĿǰµףûΣգ˵ʲô޳֡
ңԼҲԼȬµףӳ£ҲǼΪѣϾԼڻУǿҪﵽΪſɰ쵽֮¡
Լ㣬ûдﵽ쾳ڻԶֻ޸ղŴ֮ʱҲֻǿԶ̾Ծѡ
Ҷ˦˦ͷȲܿЩҪҸȫĵطòҪġ
漴̧ͷ˿ֻ󸣬˵ûг׶ۼǻˣʱ׶Ŀ⣬Ҷɡ
ɫߣ˶˵Ʋⶾǲ⣬ȴģҲֻ·һ
ʱɫߣһ㣬ͰҶɣ˿ȥ
Ҷɶɫ߿һᣬ漴ᣬѵشӵƷסʱȴͻȻʲôͷһɫ˲


4 
ҶɿĶǿŹѪɫʵ䵱һתͷٿ޵Ĺʵ
ʱҶɺȻţһϸϸġ˻˻Ѱȥɫг˿֮ɫҶɡ
˿ɫߣתͷƳһѪɫʵɿתֻԶŹʵȻʲôʳ֮Ȼмĺô
ԼҲ֪кιЧʲͬԼҲҳԣ뵽Ҷ̧ͷ˿ɫߡ
ߣ㶢ҿʲôѵӣҶָָǿŹʵЩĲɵ˵
˻˻ɫŬطһ˿죬漴΢΢һգգ۾ƺڻӦһ㡣
ʲô㣬˵Ҷɱɫߵľٶһ۾
ɫ۾գ˼£ȴûٴη죬ҶƬ̣ѵɣа취ˡ
Ҷһתɫ˵˵ĶԵģʾͬģգһ۾Եģ㲻ͬģգ۾ö𣿡
ɫգһ۾¶һ˿˷֮ɫҶʵǿŹӣ
ɫٴգһ۾
Ҷɼ˾ͻ𣿡ɫգ۾
Ҷ۵ӣüƺɣǵǰĸ׽һЩǿöԵģȴ˵ҪȵԺſɿԡ
ǿӡôһЩͽˣǿйͨǾۺޣ൱ǻڴʿſɽշ˶ץסһֻۺޣһҲ᳼ͬʿС
ߣ㣬ɲö𱨣ңƺת֮Ҫ⴦¡ڼ䣬ҪӡҰȫԻΪ⿪ôҶЩ˵꣬ضɫߡ
ɫҶɵγûжҲûգۣҶɶš
Ƭ̺ҶƺˣԼΪ̫ͣޣѾ޽ӽۺڣԼӡǡǣһֳɡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ϢϾޣ㣬Ҳģһڷҧһô졣ҲֻΪԱѣȻ㲻ͬ⣬ǾˡҶɲû̫֮ɫ
˵껰Ҷһһָವһ£һһ֮£ǷɵҶǰ
һɫ߳ǸҶ͸Ҷ֮ֽԪ⽣һ˿ԡ
Ҷָһ³˫ĿȻһɣžãһͨԼǵ˫ĿҲ޷סʱֶصϢ
ңǵţкɽȣҶɣһȥΪ󲮣븸ĸҶһֵʱֳֳǰһӣ·ǰǳһ㡣
һɫâһʯ֮ϣֻԸԣǾʯۿɼٶȣѸٵع
һƣƺóһʮϣ̧ͷգ˫ȭһգ¶һ˿ᶨ飬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ƺǷйеŭҶɻָƽٴλصǰͨ״̬˫֮һƬǣڸղţ˭Ҳûע⵽Ҷͨһ΢ĺ⣬΢΢һ¡ǻָͨӡ
𳤽Ҷɿ˿ܣԶȥȥѰӳƬµİ취
ʱҶͻȻһЩȵ˻˻˻˻ɫգ˫ۣЩĿҶɡ
תҶɵĵôˣԱϣЩֵĿɫߡ
˻˻ɫգŴ۾˿Ҷɣֿ˿ǿŹʵ
ŶҲ˵㲻Ӧӡûа취ģôѵӦˣҶЩ˵
˻˻ɫգһ۾Щ˷ܵĿҶɡҲ֪ΪΣͻȻͬӡΪɡҶ
ߣɲҪƭңǳûʹթһ㶼ɱˡ˵꣬Ҷɿ˿ɫߡ˵Σţ˼Ҳͬ⣬Լ޷˳ӡġ
ɫԣЩԩ񣬿Ҷɣգһ۾
Ҷɼ״ٷϻ˫дʣವһ£ҶɵĶͷ֮ڣһ׹ֶڰսһԲΣ쳣ͼ
ʱͼЩȱҶҲЩӣɫ԰ף״Ҷɽҧ˫зһ䣬ͷǳһ⡣ͼȥ
˵ⲹ䵽ͼ֮ʱǲȱĵطҲĶȫҶɵΣЩ΢΢
һҪסҶ뵽漴̧ЩֱۣŰͼһ㣬˵һͼƺһ㣬ã֮£ʼתɫͷ­ȥ
һ̣Բͼۡһû뵽ɫͷ­֮ڣӰ
Ҷɵ˫һͨһ˵ϣɫ԰׵Ŀɫߣ΢Щ֮⣬˵ӡ֮ձ飬ԼȴǴûùҲ֪᲻ɹ
ʱһۣӤҶԺ֮ͻȻ֡ˣ̫˰ɣҶԼʩչһӡǶôǿԺô졣
ͬʱҶ֮УȻоЩʲôڤڤжһ˿ϵһʱƿĸоȻ
ɹ𣿺ٺ١ҶЩ˷ܵ˵漴ɫһĵһǿúǿޱȵļ˫Ŀ֮Уȴǲ֪ʱһĻɫ˿ߡ
ˣȻҲͬ´˵ӡģˣѪιҰɣٲָҾҪˡɫЩȵĴ
ҶԣҲûжʣǿѪɫӸǰȴû۾ֻֽժ֮ɫ߾޴ͷ­Աߡ
ſҶɵĵɫţѿһϸ죬Ҷ˳ƽĹʵ˽ȥ
ҶԼ˵һԣȻоЩӣһƨ˵ϣɫߣۺ˷֮ɫž׽ǿŹʵֻǼ£Ǳ˽ȥ
ԼôһٷĹɫ߽յ˫Ŀһãһ漴΢΢һŤɫâ
һ˿˿ų⣬Ǹõ˿ڣҲЩϵӣƬֹ̺ͣϵƣ·ȻЩԣ޷ųһ㡣
漴ɫŤ֮£ֱ˰ӣŤҶɴȥͬʱһеӴϢͷŶɫſһ磬һƬɫϼϯ
Ƭϼֻһ֮£ǽҶɳױҶɫһ䣬ֻǰһڣǾʹ˻˹ȥʧȥκ֪


5 
Ҳ֪˶ãһʯϵҶɣȻ˫ۣԼһƬ谵ĿռܾʣҲ״˳ǰڣŰһЩ
ĵ𣿲Ҳ˵껰Ҷɲһӡ˻֮ǰ龰ƺɫߣԼ
ѵɫߺԼ뵽Ҷɴߣʲôط
һļžûκҶҲǸӵɻЩֻš
ʱҶԺ֮ͻȻһˣˣ̫ˡո˯ˣٺ١һֹҶɲԶͻȻֳһӰ漴ſһ磬ವһ£һɢ͹âӣȻ˰ա
Ƭռ磬ҶɱͻĹã̵һУãӦ˫۴ΧһС
һɽҲ߰ɵӣԼһƽʯ壬ԱһСˮأܶƽأһʬ壬Ȼİ
ԼԵɫߣҶ۵üͷһ壬ɻߣ⵽ô£ô
ˣǰУմȾһ˿ľ綾۾ȫǶ˿Ҹջָһʱ򣬷ѾˣԸϿ콫ȥĵ֭ȡһһȵˡ
̫ôĶԣһˣҽ㶼ûɫЩص˷֮ɫ
ף㣬ʲôΪҶЩɻʵ߾ͱԼΪߣڽףԼ϶Ӳġڱ˲չʵʱҶڸΪ
ٺ٣ߣۺڣҲͺڲ࣬ҲǿѪιԼһıҳˣˣǱԶԶ˦ںˡɫ
ŶԼȻ˯һ£ڼ㾹Ȼ׾ۺˡ˶٣ҶһϵĵģӳƬºҶΪӡԱϣҶɿ˿ɫ
񾫹һлˣһӳǧ¡ˣΪôͣôģ
Ŷԭǧ£ٺ٣ǲСı͹ģˣʲôԵеˡ˯̫ˡҶЩɱĶӣ
ɫԣаֳɵġԱϣת׿˿󸡣
ʲôж𣿡Ҷɫ΢˵
ˣ£ĵ֭ǺˣʲôһĶûʲô˺ˣ󸣬֮˵ڵˣǰٶˡɫߵЦ
Ҷԣ˼ĵ˵ͷǺðɣʵ̫ˣŪԵģҲæ˵ŻҶʬȥ
ˣͿҰɣ޽ŵģô˵һôСɫ߿İ
ɱװˣ㻹СһûСһ˵Ҷһ߻ͷ˿ɫߡ
һҪҶһʲô⡣㻹Ǹղ𣿡ԭɫʧģȴһһɫСߡ
ʱɫСͰ͵ĿҶɣˣ֪˰ɣǶôСɲ۸ҰԱϣɫСгһƬˮһĿࡣ
һĻŪҶһ㶣漴ӦΪС˾ͿװȻôСǺãԺͽСɡУβˡ
ɫСѸʧһģõˣȥ濴ٺ١˻˵꣬ųڴ˳ȥ˵ڴһʯɫССǿԴԱ߷϶ġ
Ҷεҡҡͷʬԣһ䣬৵һ£Ԫ⽣ȻУҶֳֳĸʼӶһж
һṦ򣬡һ죬Ҷгһ٣·ʲôӲĶ
֣ǽԪ⽣ޱȣȻ޷ϿҾͿﵽʲôһ䣬Ҷɽ󸸹һʼ޷ն֮
Ƭ̺θѿһϸҶɷһԲΣ⼣߰ߵͭ壬аƴСһЩճ
Ҷɿ˿Ҳû̫⣬˳ֶǴСˮУǸ˼Ͼӣǰ¡
һʱɽɫСƺŵʲôһתŶҶɴۣô㣬˻԰䣬ɽڴȥ
ʱҶѾ˼⣬ɫС߿ˮֱҶ꽻ˣȸҳһɣһжԣ˵ǰ档
Ҷ΢΢һЦڻСͨ죬ЦСߣǼ鶼Ǹģٺ١
ģллˣԭôðҾͲˡһ䣬ɫСߣǿļȥ߳Ա߶Ҷͣ
ʱҶҲǽտĳһ黹ûȳ꣬ɫСȫɨգ֮۰Ͱ͵ĿҶɡ
ΣҶָС߿˼飬ǰ򷢵ԼҲǳԱˡ
վͺСֲ˲죬漴ҶһĶӡԵͦġ˿ԱſڵСߡ΢΢һЦ
˿С֣Ҷˮԣϴϴ֣һѣͻȻǰˮͭ塣
Ƭ̺Ҷɽͭȡˮϴɾ̻С֣ȫʿعרõģ˹ȴû֡
ʲôƺǶʶģʶҪʿеġһ뱨𣬾Ҫǿһ㹦ҲŪ֡ԱϣҶʯ֮ϣϥ
ͭ壬ǿʼоһǿһһҹɫС֮£˿רעҶɣҲûдţŶȥ
ڼɫСҲΣҶɿ⣬ǶԳȥҶһֱоֱգҶ΢΢ü⹦Ҽ̫ˣҲǰΣǿһЩҲգЩɡ
䣬Ҷɽͭս˫һֵķǿʼɫСڼֻΣÿοҶɣھ۾ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôʱߣС߰漴ǶԳɽ֮ĴҲԽԽˣʱ䣬Ҳһˡ
ҶɶɽоһҲǲܲʡ·ɮ붨һ㶯Ҳ
һºϥҶͻȻ˫Ŀһǵ˫֮Уžãһзһ䡣աҶһͺȣϼһͷйãֶ
ͬʱҶֻͷ­֮˵һ£ƺҪըѿһ·ʲôڽγɡҧأĺ飬Զͷ¡ɫҲǲ԰쳣ȫѡ
ʱͷãͷ­γһСİɫ㣬ʱƣرʵԲڹڲҲγһĳҵĶռ䣬ãһ㣬滺ѡ
Ǵ˵еʶ𣿴˹Ⱦ磬۳ʶʿſɰ쵽֮¡Ҷзһգ˲ĺ飬԰׵ϣ¶һЩ۵Цݡ
漴ҶһʶͷŶһɴδйĸоȻΧޱȵɽˮأʬ壬ԼʬԵļֻɳ棬޷ӳʶĸ֪
Լ⣬Ҳɸ֪Ҳʶ֮󣬲ſɰ쵽ģָ֪Ҫ۾ĸӵʵ
Ҷʶɨӵɽ̫ԶʱȴֻЩģĸӦѡҶɲҡͷЦһ˵ĿǰʶӦΧֻɽСķΧʮɻ޷Ӧǰˡ
ҪʶɽջأͻȻƺǸӦʲôҶɫһ䣬ͬʱֻءһ죬ɽڴľʯӦѶ


6 
ڴʯըһأ˳ųڣҶɿĳһһֻɶߵĺɫԱȫ˺ۣżѪⷭʱ˫ĿͨģǰһСɫߡ
ߣɫߺҶһھʱߵ״̬ҲòȥβԻôͷҲѪ죬Ҳ¶ɭɭ׹ǡϢҲ˺ܶࡣ
һΪصӣһոս׾ۺڣôܳȥˣԷŪҲԲǺǵĽɫ
ԼĿǰڶ壬ִ򶷣ﲻʲôæģǸһһƶܽԼһ߱Ū֮ԼҲԲл·
ǳŶʱԼҲһ˿ϣҶɴʱҲЩΪɿתѡ
Ƭ̺󣬾ǺɫԱŭһƺҪʱҶɿ˿ɫԱһת漴ɫһܵڡ
״ɫһ㶣ǺɫԱҲתͷЩɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
ҶҲֻޣ䵥һ䣬ವһ£Ԫ⽣ȻУţҶʶޱһŶ˲ɨͷɫԱ
ҶٳԪ⽣ǺɫԱûʲôӦоҶǹʶʱԱһǿʼСľתתȥֿ˿Լϵ˿ڡ
Ƭ̺ǺɫԱһݺݵĿһɫߣתƳһҶɣ漴ﳤȥԱʧӰٺֹƬ̡
Ҷɡͨһ˵ϣͨͨͣѱ亹ʪաҶСؼ䣬µĵ
ɫûԼƣЩĿ˿Ҷɣ䴫ˣûоɣôڲеƣѵˣɫЩŵĿҶɡ
ٺ٣ֻŻһ¶ѣǹƣûʵҶҡͷЦ˵
ɫһתЩɻĴҶɣ˸ղǺΣգΪʲôǴһʱܰԱϣɫ߽ضҶɡ
ܣǺǣӣҲһӣô˵Ҳҵޣôܿ㣬ǴһŪأΣգһϡҶһϵ˵֮Уޱȵļ㡣
Σգһϣɫ߰߶仰Ƭ̺俴˿ҶǳЦݺͻȻһ
ţɫҶã괫ˣΡС࣬ԺԸ׷ˡ
ʲôûҶɱŪЩӦˣ۵ӣЩɻĿŴߣСͷ
ѽʲôôΪԼĽİŬˡȥЩҩˡһ䣬ɫϼһ漴ѸСתۼ䣬Ϊҵӡವһ£Զȥ
Ҷ㶵ĿɫʧĵطãһȻĶˣҪϴˣֻƴΪ㸶һС
ҶվŶȥЩŪЩԵİɡԱϣҶʬȥ

ԴҶ֮£Ҳֵ÷зϾڴҲϵֵϵȺҶұһ¡
һĽֵϣԴһЩžɵĽ˴ͣһҼҵ֮СһҾƹڣʿƺʲô
ԽԽ󣬾˵ɰʦԺ󣬾͸˸Ҵҵעˡʱһ󺺷бյҡͷ˵
ԣһһУСĿ˿ܣ漴ѣǱ۴ΪãҶҶ壬ҵòҪС
ߣȻˣѵҵ˵ɣҶҲҵģҶǿҶһڣȻһҶΪһֱƣȻø³˵꣬бյߣ漴һƺΪʵӡ
ԣֻεҡҡͷûнӿʲôЩѹֵУ

Դ򿿽ĵشһߴ㽨淺֮ͭɫŵĹϼǰֻһ˶ߵʯʨȥЩ׶ӡԶԶȥоһׯϵظоһС˼ҵסլ
ڽ֮ϣһɫңλεĴ֡踮
踮ǰнһǹȥɭϣһ·˴Ҷ࿴һۣϿ·еĴҴȥ
踮ռ䲢Ǻܴ󣬵ȴ쳣ǽǶżţ۴Сҹ顣յ硣
ǰһѵɫΣ˿̣һ߶ϣ·ͨΣһźµĴ󺺣һϣɫؿߡ
Ҷڴ˶ϳˣѪϴҶҵͷߡ
ʱƷһ裬Ŀһۺ´󺺣ʵ죬⼸һֱæźӵ飬ҲûģҶһڣȫ䣿
ԣɫ΢΢һ۽ǲۼһ£漴ĵ峤ģһڣȫɱҲڳ˵ġ
Ŷҵ˵һЩ׿˵Ҳŷĵģ󼸼ȴûҵ֪ǺԵʣһ죬ƺһ䡣ˣ峤ϡ
峤½Ҳǰ˼⣬ҶеطҲûҵκαǷ򸾶˵ĴҲǼ˸峤˹ѵǱǷ򸾲¶һ˿ɻ˵
ԣ΢˼Ƭ̣ͷˣ죬Щȥһ£ǰʱ䣬Ҷ򸾶߶һйϵߣֱץɡ
ǣ峤ģǽȻȥˡ˵꣬վ߹˹֡
ţðɡٻر˵꣬Ŀ뿪ãһУ¶һ˼֮ɫҲǱð

緢һб仯ǧеҶȴһ֪һֻ֮ϣʱһƪ
һ֮ǧ¶Եһµ׼ϸ֮£һСɫһŰµ꣬µ׳
ͨһصһƬֱԵһ̳
ȿȡС࣬ǲĺңϵĻҳһԾ£ɫЩŭ˵
ˣһСɣ°ڼϢ˼ζѣһʱСʵûˣɫ
λҶɣԪ
ԭǰҶɵΪ쾳ڵ߲㣬о޴֮£Ԫ뿪׼һţ˵ףֻΪŻٵ
ʱҶɣһı仯һЩһЩۣģƾ˼ּ֮ɫʱҶɲʮѡһǰıʣʹɳ֮졣
һһڴ˵Ϣ֮߰ãſʼг̡ҶȻھ֮ϣԪǡಡһ֣ĳٴȥ
С࣬һ֣ƾ븽ĴҲ̫ԶˣΪ˱鷳͵ίһ£ɡ·ϣҶɶԪ˵ۿԵĹľ߼ٵȥһķ
ˣʲô˭鷳СһߡԪںĴ
ԣҶҡҡͷԲУ߽ʿ֣Σˣҡףû˵꣬ҶɱЩɻĿǰ
ͣ£С࣬ǰڴ򶷡ƺǸоʲôҶɺȻԪԸ


7 ֮ս
ҶɵԪæסΣɵ⹦ɣС඼ûоǰ˴򶷣ʶ֮
ûʶҲ޷ֵģڶս֮УӦвСҶҲЩ˵˵
ˣǹȥְɣʶ֮ǰǡԪ
⣬һԷҪڴʿǺΣգǻ·ɡҶ˼˵
ˣǵСԷʿСҲµģ˵ˣԷҪڣͷ𣿡˵꣬ҲҶͬ⣬ԪһСǰȥ
ʲôȥСࡣҶ˵꣬СҲûʲôҲûʲô˵ʵҶҲһ˿棬ҪȥΪҶͷ֣Էһ˲ʿĶ֣Ҷ·ԭ
ΪʿĶ֣Ȼһֻ֮ɫľ޻͵ļƣӦǴﵽ˾ۺڵޣʵӦСࡣ
ʱСȻסΣҶವһԾǰ£ȥһṦǴ򶷵ĲԶСãһ̼仯ΪಡһûҶɵ֮ڡ
͸ǰҶؿʿòһʮ꣬˿̣ȴǱֻɶߵİ׻Ūڹ֮䣬ӣǰ׻ƺܿ콫Ե
Զʮ꣬һɫֻץżŷһ֮ɫĿֻ׻һҲѾ¶ɭɭ׹ǣǣҲǹŵѪڴŴ
ӦǴ֮ˡҶ˼˵ͨˣܻһı
ֻɫ޻ĿЩĿŶ࣬һֻǰǲʱĴŵ棬ء֮ƺǸһּΪ־ѹȸС
ֵľʹ㽫ҳԵߡ˵꣬һʹ֮ɫ̧ͷպ޷Тˣǵĺӡ
䣬ϺȻзǰ׻һף漴һ
ۡɫһɳǺȻΪСĻŰ׻ȥ
ԶҶɣԸĸʹĺɵɫһ¶һԥ֮ɫ
ôҪȥæʱڵС࣬ȻЩԾԾԵҶɴ
ԣҶ˼漴С࣬˵ʵмְսʤ
ţǼһƣȻ˵Ҳκβҡǰ˵лὫնɱǾۺڰ׻ˣ侫Ѫҵĺô϶СġСЩ˷ܵ˵
ŶȻǱȥԣܷնɱû׼ˣҲЩôģǲУеĶ٣ǰ׻Ҳ׷ǡҶ˵˵
ʱǰɫ޻ѽɢһֻǰצЩ˵ӣ漴׻һƺķŭһ㣬ֻĿ׹¶ſǿֲľ޿ڣݺݵһ˶ȥ
úá״꽫гǰһףŴһವһâһһ֮ǰɫ޻ȥ
״ɫ޻΢٣漴һֻǰצ̧ϰãһȻצ⣬Ȼһ֮£ءһǱܲСɫصһԣһⰵӡ
ɫһ䣬ʱٻرֵȻ֮ұԼͲǴ޵Ķ֣Լܶ޷֮ܶ£͵İ׻Լ˫ĿһգһĽ֮ɫ
ءһ졣
ƺֻȻײһţǷ֮
ʱƺǾ쵽ʲô漴˫ĿһѰȥ֪ʱȻǳһֻɫǰɫ޻һ
Щ㵵ʱ򣬺Ȼ֣Լԣһʮİ꣬һصĿֻ޵ĲˣҶɡ
ʱڷӦæŰһ֣һ֣ص¡ǧڡӽлλѳȣӳѣպ󶨵л
Ԫǰɫ޻ò£Ҷɲ˿漴תһ֣ͷˣҲ·ѣ޹࣬ΣҲԹ۵ġ
ԣԳƽ˰֣æô˵ҲǵѾң֪γƺĸ£
ңһɢޡûʲôɡҶ˵˵
ʲôɢޣûɣƾԼȻʹۺޣԣһ˼˵
ʼԪ׻Ҷɻһ֮ɫ϶ߵޣʼΪҶĸɵ֮ӣĳ֮ģû뵽ҶɾȻһɢޡ
Ҫ֪ȸ߼ޣûһ֮ڸ߽׽շڣҲ޷併סġ
Ҷɿľȣҡͷûн֮ʱҾȹʵһֱѣûеһʹҶ
Ҷ˵Ļش𣬽ЩȻӣ漴ͷŶԭˣΪͿշȸ߼ޣˡ˵֪ԭ򣬵Щš
أʱԶֻصˤڵأȥЩǱӣԪѾ˺ѿദ˿ڣѪͣʶ
ǰɫ޻ҲòȥԪ˺һƤ⣬¶ɭɭ׹ǣһѪ߰ߣſڵϴŴһ˫ĿŭŶɫ
һӣ¶˲֮⣬漴һܣȻʹޱͨٴ˺ҧһ𡣷·ֻ޵ıһ㡣
ʱ䣬Ҳؽ˿ڴһɫصĿŲµֻޡ
ѣ֪ڣǷսʱҶ˫Ŀֻ˵˵
ԣ΢΢һЦͷд⣬Ѿ̳˱һӣܹնɱҲΪͬűˡ
˵̧꣬һУԶϵɫϼһವһɵ˽Уֳֳ϶ʱ¶һ˿ŭ⣬ݺݵĶֻɫ޻
ڶҶѣ˫ĿһУҶ˵
ȲڶֵĻǼһܻӵȵһЩҵȱһ벻ٴγֵĻᡣҶЩص˵漴һ䣬৵һ£ãһԪ⽣ȻС
໡һŭ԰ɫ޻д
ǰ㣬Ԫ˺ѵһƤİɫ޻һ£漴һţǽҧסԪһֻצԪβѪ
ԪҲʹķһ˻漴ϼһһŤ֮£ǽ׻ƶס޷ֺֻｩһ˭ҲϷӡ
ˣ춯֣СֲסˡʱҶԺ֮УȻԪٵ


8 
ԪٵĴҶɫһԽкһ֮󣬱һԾǰɫ޻ȥ״ҲɫһҶɶȥ
ಡһ࣬һѳڰйϼһһζ֮£Ƿֱǰ׻ͷ­Լնȥ
״ǰɫ޻гһ˿֮ɫ漴ɿҧԪľ޿ڣۡһһɫȥ
ءһ
ɫǹɫӴ֮£Ǳ׵һɣʱһɫ԰׻ɫȥ
ʵޣ˵ĳ޷ֵס˰׻Ĺ״ҶҲ¶һ֮ɫǰԪ⽣ϵıɫһɡ
ʱİɫ޻һϢȴ½˲ٵӣûǰơ
ʱųСĻȻְգһŰɫ޻ȥҶɺȻǽŷ
ǰɫ޻״гһ˿ԥ֮ɫţûٴηֵͨӣ˵ͨĲСӡ
أ죬Żصĺ˻֮ϣɲʱ䣬׻ڵһȼ档
໡һҽУ׻޿һţٴҧԪ֮ϣһƤ⣬ݺݵ˺ԪҲǷһ˻һЩ׻ѳȥ
ţɫ޻ãһĻ˼֡
ʱҶɶٴοƸԵıڰһ֮£Űɫ޻һնȥ
״ɫ޻΢ԥһ£Ǿ޿һţֱۡѱȥ
һĻˣԭǿİɫûнѱɣȻڰս
ʱİɫ޻һϢҲЩήҲǰǰȻһ䣬৵һ£һ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһɫذס
ŽЩĴһ˵һɫذ׵һֻһ֮£ǡۡһش˰׻ͷ­֮ڡ
һвգ֮䣬ҶɶЩûӦû뵽ȻЩǡͨһ̱˵ϡ
໡׻һĲҽ֮
ɫۡѶ״ҶɵһУִ̧һɫһ֮£ҲĴ˻֮ϡ
ʱɫ޻ʼҵһã˸ûǰƣȻ޷Ԫ
ȻԪȻſ˰ɫ޻һŤһԣ״ɫ޻һ㶣漴һϲľҪԶӴܡ
Ԫ޿һţһƬɫϼϯ̼䣬ǽɫ޻
һֻ̣ءһһɫı飬صĵ˵ϣӣԪǽ˰׻
ţԪãһ˵һ֮ޣſǿֲľ޿ڣһ±㽫׻˽ȥ
ˣС಻ܺһˣѹƲ̫ãϽԺٺͣˣСȥġˡʱҶԺкȻԪЩȵ
Ҷɴ𻰣ֻԪϼһһԶִȥٶ֮죬ֻǼ֮£ǲӰ
һϵб仯̫ͻȻö˾ûзӦ
С࣬㡭죬Ҷֻ˵˼֣εĻһ٣ȥЩʧӡԪʧķ
״ߵҶǰҡͷҶѣǣӦûӡİɣޣǸʲôɽģûй㣬ǲˣҲΪȹ
𣿵ԼСӡǴڣԼղȫ̼ѵС಻ǲǣʲôأ˵Ҷɲ˵а
΢ĬƬ̣ҶҡҡͷɣϾޡȻʵСദ֮ãȷһЩ飬뿪ԼЩ䡣
ҶѣǻǾ뿪ɣ˵ָ߼޵ġһ֮ɫ˵
ԣҶɵ˵ͷ˱Զȥ
·ϣҶһֱûôڣʼʱڽţһֱûע⣬ʱȻע⵽Ҷɵ·һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ҶѣӦڴ˵أ˺ܳһʱɣ˿Ҷɣɻʵ
˽һۣҶһУʵΪλдʣ
Ŷûʲôһܲƺһǰķ˰ɣѵҶѣڴ˵ش֮ã˵˵
룬Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ȷ˺ܳʱ䣬ˣȥʲôطҶɲʵҲо˽ϸ֮
ģ޻ˣԴһǧڷΧڹϽˣȻҶûɣǧΣ
ǧţǿһʵʵڵڵĸ߽״ڡңҲһЩڵĳϣ۱κһ˿УǶҵǳġ˸֣߳˵˵
Ŷ޻ǧڣ֪ǧ£ʲôҪ󣿡Ҷ˵ʵǧ֣Ҷɻĸ˵ģǿǸһĴɣССԴЩν壬ǧɳϣ֮ġ
ٺ٣ͨˣҪϸˣһȽϿ̣ҶѵͲ֤ˣұҲѾﵽڵ߲㣬ֻҪ˽һ£ɵԵףھһԣؾͿԵġ˵˵
Ŷ޹ʣɢһʲôˣ˵Ҷҡҡͷ
ٺ٣Ҷѣһ¾ͰϣҿڲԣҪҶԼˡͷЦ
棿ллˡԣһġҶһ˵˵
պ󣬶оһƬƽԭϣɫ
ˣҲزȥˣϢһɣǧºԶˣһǲܵģǼ·ӦÿԵ޻ġٸ㽲һЩǧڵ顣˵꣬һЩ֦ܵһ𣬶ҶɴŴƬƽԭʱ򣬽ѾȻ
ڴ˵ãֱҹ˯ȥͨҶҲ˽⵽һºǧڻٰѡδ䣬˵ҪŲǺףҶҲֻȥһԡûͨˣһЩƵġ
ȥǧڣ·޻򣬼ȻԴԶ˳Դһ£Լĸĸ״ˡ˵֪ܲҲȷһ¡
ݽ˵ǧµõ߽ױһ˶˳Ѱһ˱̣æ֮£Ҳ⼸ͬɢ
ڶ磬ȻҶɴǱ𣬾˵ЩҪ죬˿˼󣬽͸ҶɼŷһȥڽҶɸоĵزǻһЩȽϽ̸ӡ󻹿ԡ
ڽʱҶɶһˣ·һƬСͺԶһЩģģĽ
һʱӦþͿԸϵˣϢһ˵ɣҲӦû·ˣȷЩСˡ˿Щ·ҶҡͷЦ˵漴޻ȥ
ʱֻһڸдܳһӰҶϸһһʮ꣬ĸߴ׶һɫ
ʶһɨҶɷ֣Ϊ߲㡣ˣõסҶɵȥ·һЦĿԼ


9 ֲһ
˿꣬Ҷüͷһ壬ʲô˼ΪҪסҵȥ·
ԣ׶ꡮꡯһЦ
ߣǰ׳ڴ˵س֣ȻǴЩǧ¶ĵˣһˣЩͬţӦö˰ɣһѪҲһЩƣԹԵĽｻһ׶Ц
ԣҶתزʶҪҵĶǿк𣿡
˻һĶЩԼžǿѵСû棿
⣬ǾǸһŵģϻ˵㽻ͷ㣬Ҳͦʵġ׶Щε˵
ӣٹ䵥ʿˣǧ±ΣޱȣΪβԼȥѰȴЩ˵ĹҶЩŭ֮ѵʶ֮ȴȻųŴ˵ͻȻ͵Ϯ
ҶɵĻ׶һ㶣漴ŭһߣҽѵӣʲô˭˵ûǧ£
ҲǱ˴٣һֱ׷׹ڣˣҲ˻һЩԵ˻նɱڴרŴٱˡ
ҲҪڽʵ㣬ҵĳ˲㣬Ƕնɱοһ߲㣬ССͣáԹԽｻ
˻һҶһ˿֮⣬߽Ϊ߲㣬Լ佻Ͼ˶Щʢ
Ŷ˵ĻҾһ£ƾʲôҵı˵꣬Ҷһ䣬ವһһ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһɫ
״ɫһЦ׷ٺ٣ȻбȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣͱĺˣߡ
ţ׶ųһɫǹһֻ֮ǹâһವһҶɼȥ
Ҷ̧Űһ㣬ವһԪ⽣һ֮£ųǹһնȥ
ءһ
һϼѶڰվһֲµӡշ֮
״׶ϲһ˿֮ɫ漴ٴδһ۵һûǹ֮ڡ
һɫǹϼһȻ˻ڰսָ£ǹһٴμ
ҶɿԪ⽣æֵΪ൱һͷˮбһžž֮
ʱһãҶЩУԪ⽣ڰҲǰǰһЩӡβ㱻ǹͻƷֱնҶɡ
ٺ٣Ȼϣ㲻Ǹ߲㲻ãۺģ㻹ֶܼáߡ׶˵˵ʱҲ̫ãֻǱҶǿһ˿ˡ
УȥҪܸġҶһ߿Ԫ⽣ֵǹһߵ¶һԥ֮ɫ
Ҷ˼֮ʣ׶Ȼȫע˳ǹ֮ڣԪ⽣ƴֵ֮£ҲҶͷ¡ƺһ̣ǹͻնҶͷһ㡣
ʱҶɵһ䣬ವһһɫâһҶЩĴһ֮۵һĺȻڰջΪһųСĻһ׶꼤ȥ
״׶ɫһ䣬ãȻǴŵĵӡһĵӡ
ʱջسǹֵ󣬰һ϶Ҫܵˡ
ɫһԥ漴һƺ¶ĳ־һ㡣һĴ৵һãһһ֮ɫ߳Ȼǰ
һ̣ءһ졣
һ潾ѶĽҲû׶ǹڽƾźڽ֮͵ֵס˴˵ĹܲҶɾȡ
ۺܵܵ˲Сƣһ㷨ǲעԿƣҲֵܵסС
Ȼûù˱Դյǧµõ֮Ҿ֪˱һ㣬Ҳãգһʶһ´˱˵꣬׶꿴˿ڳһ˷֮ɫ
ţ䵥ȫһźڽעȥ漴Ҷڷһ㡣
һҽС
һĻˣ׶Ȼ˫ֱͷдһͺɫ԰ףȫͣоһ̼䣬Ǳǹ쳤նȥ
ʱҶŵʶ֮ȻоһɼΣյоڳ֮ɢһ޷ѹͷŶڳΧҲǹһ磬֮շ·𶼰
һ̣Ҷ붼룬ҲȥǳǹԪ⽣ƴֱһٵһԾȥ
ţ׶һ˿ĺڽ֮ڡͨһ̱˵ϣһֵĿڳ
ʱ쳤ڰһ˿΢Ĺâұһ֮ʱ˿Ʒڰ΢΢һ֮󣬱Ҷǰڷȥٶ֮죬ֻһ֮£ǡۡһû˵档
¡¡һضɽҡı촫
ԭҶڵȻӦѿĴɽ̼䣬γһֱʮɴСӣһڳڿڲѣһ֮
Ҷ˵ܳԶҲǹɳֱ֮Ӻ֮Զڵ淭˼ͷ֮󣬲ſסΣɫ԰ףһ֮ɫǾ޴ӡ
⣬ʲô˴ҶЩµ˵ʶ֮ʱţǰоǹΣ˵ѷǣ˴˴
һṦҶվΣ˿ԶЩ׶꣬һ˿ŭݣһȥ
˿̣еɫǹԪ⽣ʧȥƣƯڰһ
Ҷǰ֮ɫ㣬Ҫʲô
ʲôҶÿ죬£ѱǱ˰ɣҶЦ˵
ԣ׶оһЩ֮ɫĿǾ޴ӣƺһ˵˵Լ֪𣿡˵꣬һӡ
֮ߵǰҶɲ˲ϵĳЩҪҵǿϣ
ߣʼҾûɱ㣬ûֳѵҪϾɱʱڻعҶŭ
Ŷ𣿵רǿĹ죬ҿҪеˡ˵꣬Ҷ̧ŰһУವһԪ⽣ϼһһ֮£ź޵ֿ֮׶һնȥ
״׶ɫһ䣬ţҪɱңղƭ㣬˵ʵԣҶжһͣԪ⽣ȻͣͷϿա


10 
ŶʲôҪ˵һۻ꣬Ҷ˵˵˿̵꣬׶֮ɫʧȡ֮ģһľ֮⡣
ԣ¿ˮЩŵصС磬ɱңû£ģղ˵ģƭġҰɣҵıﶼ㡣
ƭңڴ·٣Ҳƭңҵ꺢ͯ𣿡˵ҶͿװһ׶ģȻɵʵ
С磬ðɣ˵ʵʵġ׶꽫֮ǰһЩ飬Ҷɽ
ԭСһ¶һǰΪ㣬ǿ׷᲻ñƴܣ׹ǧ¡
󣬷ԼûµһϲɽǱ˾˵ӣ뼸ǲܵ飬Ҳûᣬ㿪ʼĴѰ˳·
һα׷еһѨ֮ڣ͹ȥӹһ٣ɽڣһڳ˵ʲôıо˱Էͬһ㣬ΪԼĳ׷ܽ𻵷ֺ
ƾżɹ߲㣬ǰӳǧ£򻳺޵Լһ£ԼȴǿĹԱеԹҶȴٵĵһˡ
һٷĹŽȥ˸š
Ŷƺһ㣬һǰƺ׹µʱ࣬ðɣˣΪ˱ȻɱˣҶɵʵҲû̫ԼЩƵ
С磬룬Ҹջðʱȥɱˣ˵ҲûǸܹҵʰһ٣ֳģڶûҵǸǿأ
Ҳǵùմǧ³ˡģûҪ˺տʼףŻѣٺ١
һԼ֪ôԼ˵ĲᡣС磬㣬ɱҰҿɻûء˿Ҷɣһü˵תͣ
΢ԥƬ̣Ҷɫһһʮ˵ҲԣԺ󣬲ǿĹĻټ㣬һˡģ𣿡˵꣬ҶҲգĶһ֮
һһ˵ʲôҲˣ˵ͰСˣһҸطȥɣǴӦˣС磿˿Ҷɣһ˵
ţðɣѺڽҾˣǸһͷɡҶɵͷ˵
ʲôҪߡû˵꣬ҶȻһֹ졣
ô㲻Ը⣿Ҷüͷһʵ
ûУԸԸ⣬͵Тģٺ٣Ҳʹã͸СˡС֮ʿٺ١Сװĵͷ˵
ǺðɣˣԼΪ֮ɡ˵꣬ҶһתǾ޴ȥ΢˼ۣ˷֮ɫһţſйڽ̧һС
ˡһ
ڳڿв˼漴û˶ף˽Ȼôأץ𣿡ҶЩɻҪָ֪ȡķһ˵Ҳǿ׽ᶯģѵ˽һ֮ϣҶɲЩɻ
һ̣Ҷٴ̧һУȫһдһͺȡ𡱣һ䣬ֻڳֱ죬ವһһڽ
ءһȵҶɵСҶɵסΡ
û뵽ѽĺأˣлоɣȵҵ㶫ԣϢһ˵˵껰Ҷɽڽ˴ڣɫƤңҶɿһԶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
תΣҶ޻ȥ
·ϣҶʼչŵЦݣǿ𣿺һҲѵһٶˣаǶ˶˵ˣ֮ʿ͵һרŶԸˡ˵꣬ҶɵЦݸӲ
һṦƺǻ䵽ʲôҶɵɫȻЩʧ漴΢΢ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһǻָ֮ǰľګ֮ɫ
Լôһʱ֮Ҷ޻ǰһžɵĽ·еڽͷʲôеľ۵һʲô
˳Ž濴ȥ·ԣżߴ㽨ӣӦһЩ˼ҵĸۡһЩ֮ġ
ࡱһӣҶһСһЩĿջ˽ȥ
ϣλС磬סꣿλ롣Ҷɽϳһλʮ꣬һͲӣӦǵеĻơ
˿̵ĵЩ壬˹̨һ긾Ů⣬һҲûУɨһ֮Ҷɿ˿Ļơ
һˣסһгԵ𣿡Ҷʵ
У⡮ԵջĴʦտɲһЩ͹ݾ¥ģٺ٣СҪԵʲôЦǺǵ˵
Ŷһ룬ɡҶ˵˵
һ˿漴Ц֣һ룬СҴȥ俴ԺֱӸ͵ȥȽˡ˵꣬ƽҶɣƺǻһ㡣
ҶҲûЩֱӴӻӳһЩֱӵݸ˶Ļơ
𣿡Ҷʵ
Թٺ٣СƼ֮󣬵ЦһչҶһơ
һṦƽҶɴһ䣬߻谵һùζϸһڰʮּ򵥣һŴһӣһ֮⣬ڱ
״Ҷ΢΢ü
Ҷɵı飬Ƽæ͵λС磬ջ޻˵ˣȻһ㣬԰ҼǮ
û˵꣬ҶֱӴϵˣסɣȥɣûˡ
ԣһ㶣漴һ˿֮ɫа룬Сĺƭ䷿ƽۼ۸ͣһ˶Ըסġ
֣ʲôµĻС羡кһȳȥˡ˵꣬ת˳䣬˳ֽŹ֨һ졣
ľǰҶһƨϣϲŸоһɾ⣬ԼһʹĿſյľҲ֪Щʲô
Ҳ֪˶ãһҶɲŴ˼лع
С磬ˡ⣬˻Ƶ
ýɡҶɵ˵
󣬻ƽϣ˼󣬱ǽһ뿪˷䡣Ҷ̻ʵĳ

ڶգ峿޻һӰƺʲô
һŻ۵꣬ĸߴȥʮӣֻ۾
һһɫʮӣҶڴˣϳˣǿ
ʱ˿꣬üͷһ˵ô˫Ҳ㽲ˣû𣿡
ԣ˫üͷһ壬ãͰѵ˼ȥ죬ס֮ѽԼıСӵңɺĳѡһٺ٣Σ˵꣬һ˿֮ɫ


11 ڤɻ꽣
޻򣬾ԵջĳڣҶɸոմ߻ƣٴνһյķ⣬Թһ֮˼ʲô
һṦҶһ䴢৵һ£ãһһڳУڷأһб֮£৵һµ˵שǴ˰
÷ı̫ˣڸ޷ƣ˵꣬Ҷɿʼϸشѹڳ
˽ԼߣŰĽ̻һѪɫƣڽˣžſָ״СĻҰ֮ɫװΣɢ΢Ĺâ
ףȻҶɷ˽棬̻ɫС֣Ϊ뽣һĺɫԼױԵ
ڤʲô˼ҶЩƬ̺ҶɽһתϸŽһ档
Ȼ֣ɻꣿʲô˼Ҷ˫Ŀ΢е
˼Ƭ̣Ҷﷴ߶⼸֣Ȼһڤɻ꽣Ӧѽ֣ڷ΢޷á
Ļ¾һ㣬ɵ֮ûУû˵Լȴˣϧˡ
˶٣Ҷɳʧϲɫһͷڤɻ꽣Ǽֲֻǲ֪ʲôģ£ȸõǰѱҪٺ٣µǼ񵽱ˡ
΢Ƭ̣ҶɺȻдʣ৵һ£һûڳ֮ڡ
ãڤɻ꽣˿ӦûУҶɲЩʧȻ޷ѵҪѪԱϣüͷһ壬ȻʳָŷĽһĨ
ҶСʱ׽һЩĸ߽ױ޷ѪֻҪõĳϣĿƱ
৵һ£һĨ֮ɫʳָĽнҶɵʳָ˿ڣѪ˺ڽ֮ϡ
ҶɽźڽԼ˿ҲʹҲЩƬ̺ٴʧѪ˳ų£˿ûбյӡ
״ҶЩεҡҡͷ漴սȻ޷оȥҲͽͣ˵뵽
΢˼Ƭ̣䵥һ½һɹ֮͸صҶһͳ
صҶһֱǳ˺棬Ҳ˻ǸεǼ٣ģԼôѹǼٵģôԼϣ
ʣҶǧǶʱ䣬оǿģȴʲôҲûУֻܸо˿˿⡣
ԹûգˮݣԼԪ⽣ӳַûƻ˿Ҳ޷ðָƣҶ׼һ£ܷѪ
佫ʳָмǿɫʯϣһߣһѪ˱ʯ֮ϣҶǽŵעǵѪ
ãѪҲûл䣬ҲûбգҶٴʧԽһԵľϣԼ˼ʲô
ԭõҶɱ븸ĸ˵˵ģĸܷ֪ʲô𰸣һҶҲû˵ʲô
ֱʣһֱҲûʲôҶεˣҲһֱ˵޷֪𰸣Уãõ϶һ㡣
ԼǴУϤоľɫУӡҶԺ֮Уʵһ㣬ãԼƺȥǸط˵Ժ󻹻
ԣҶûκ飬˵ǰĸǲԼûʲô飬֮Ļеġ
ʱҶɲڼҵʱ˵Լ̥ˣĸΪ˱סԼΪҲǵˡ
Լ˾޷Ҳֻж̶̵ʮѣĸԼҲֻϣһ˵ڣʮһ
ҶԸʣû̫¼ǹģӹõҲʣΪԼɽҩҶɲ̣ھӼҵĶӣȥҩ԰ȥ͵ҩġ
Ҳ˱ǿҩ԰ͷݺݵĽѵһ٣ԣҶһֱǺģҸúʰͷһ١
־ҶԸǿ̿־ʮ֮ǰһҪԼֻʮļԼҪΪ˾صӢۡվ˵۷塣
뵽üͷһ壬͸ǰڰڵĴӣĿ񷣬˫Ŀ֮У͸һɼ֮ɫмֹ°мį
ⲻ֪һλ꣬Ժĵ·Ǻʣ
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ľϵһ˿΢ĺ⣬ҶɵǵѪǱǿɫʯһЩ

޻ĳҿջſڣӰһ˽ɫӡ
ѣںδϹ˰֮ã޻ĿջˣѵǾһֱȥʱһŻ꣬Щͷ˵
ԣɼЦһæ뿪ջεСӦǵһˣûʲô飬ӦסڿջģģϾҵġ
ߣҺ˫ûôʱ棬һҲҿɾˣҵˣҰɡ˫Щߵ˵
岻ЩԵãҪһҲСãߡ˵꣬겻ԼǰѺڽЩ
һţһ˳Žֵȥ
Լôʱǰһָһҿջ˵мҾԵջߣǽȥ
˵ãһҡʮҿջ˫Ҳʲôϣ˵˵
һţһʮǰŶһЦͷӭλС磬롣˵껰ƽͲڼϣһơ
أǷһµꣿʱ˫ɷһ˵˫Ŀضơ
ԣһ㶣Թɫı£һ±ǿһɷӣסԷģѰġ
뵽΢΢һЦæλС磬һûסôһ
˵ƺҶɵǮƣҲֻΪ̰ƣûֳңҪԼĿջҲʰϰ˵ҪԼˡ
ٺú룬ҪܸṩЩӾġһۻƣͳһЩ漴һһŻС
һŰµ꣬˵Щģƻ˳ջҶɡ
˿еӣЩѵ˿ڿˮˣûӡˣӦû
ҲɵӣӸԼ󻹵ñϰҪȥңҲʵûŰˡ
ԣ˫˲ٴ¶ʧ֮ɫ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼڶ¥һ
ƣٸ棬Ȼȳȥһ¡䣬һŰµ꣬Զ¥
״ɫһ䣬꣬ϲɫһ漴¶һ˿ŭɫһаĻȡ


12 
ٺ٣벻ȻҲ֮ãߡҶ֮Ц˵
һҶɣüͷһ壬ͷСӣĶٺ٣Ҳô
ԣ˵ͷʱĻһ֮󼪣ҲûʲôֻĶҶɡ
ҺĽˣ㾹Ȼ𣿡ҶҲǿ״ŭһ˵ţĵȻն񣬿Լ̫ʴˡ
ٺ٣δɵļһϿ콫ҵıｻٽķ£ǲ˺㡣˵꣬һ֣صӡ
㾹Ȼֶˣóˣֱ࣬Ӷֱǡһ䣬˫һԾҶɴȥ
״ҶһתһԾ֮£ʧ˶¥תڴ״ɫһæ˫׷ȥ
ջϰǶ˶Ҫ˵ЩʲôգҲûпڣֻǺݺݵصһۡ˽һսսӡ
һ¥ҶɱŴȥһһŽ߿һֱȥ˳ڵһһԾͷδصŽֿתȥ
ˣۿҶɹ·ڣ´Ӻ󣬼æ׷ȥֵСܵĵͦ죬ץǺúýѵһ١
ҶԽԽľ˿ѾԼļˣ޷ӿٶȣȻ޷˦ˣⲻҶЩͷϺ¡
ԼԭͲãǲӦȳʱ伤ҵĶһͬױƴҶҲǳԿ٣ָûб˿졣
ǰҶɷУоһɱǿǣԼʶоģԷһ˲ʿԼ޷սʤ˵һ
ԣҶɲͣ٣ҧ֮£ţɫҲǱЩ԰Ƿӳ壬֧Ųסˡ
׷һ֮£֪䣬ɫҲǽذҲܽһֱԵۿҶɾҪȥ
ãɫһ֣¾ҵˡЩż˵ԼҶͬΪ߲㣬޷׷϶Է
ʱ˫һ˿âͻȻһ䣬৵һ£һɫǹУţһ˫֮°ãһ
أһһ֮£֮⣬ԶԶ˦˺棬ಣԾ֮䣬ҶɲԶ롣
״岻һ㶡ʱ룬æӿŲŶ׷ȥ
ܲģߡ˫һ漴ǹŰһףವһãһǻɫǹһ֮£Ҷɱȥ
ֻҪҶɲҪתֵܳǹһҲòͣһԼ׷ϣܣͲˣ˫Ц
Ҷͷûأһ㣬ǹҪ뱳֮ʱͻȻһŤ৵һ£ܿ˳ǹĹǰӴš
ʲôСӱ۾𣿡״˫һ㶣Щŵӣ¶˿ûͣ١
˫Ŀһ̧һ֮£ɫǹһģǷɻ˺˫УͬʱһҧЩǿĴһ
৵һ˫֮£ãһѣƺԾ֮䣬ҶɵǰȵؽסҶɵȥ·
״Ҷɵ侲һ٣ǰ԰׵ϣһ֮ɫʵҪǰƬ֣ҶͲˡ
ȥԼʩչ¶ûˣ˿˫ҶҽǿɻŹң
ԣ˫һУЦٺ٣ȻȰѱｻɣǱ㲻Ϊ㡣
һ˼Ҷɵ˵ͷһ䣬৵һ£Ԫ⽣Уһۣ漴һס
Ρ䣬Ҷִ̧һ۵һûԪ⽣֮ڣ΢΢һ৵һ£ź˫һնȥ
ͬʱ˫ȭͷСĻ˵ȶսС˲ԷҶֻҶԷԽԪ⽣һѿͲŹԼ
ߣСӣˣͷ㻹˵˫ƺзһ㣬ҶɸմСʱгǹǻãһŰԪ⽣ײȥ
ӭŻ򣬺˫ֻһ漴һ˦৵һ£ʮųı׶
ۣǱ׶ǻ򣬽һ֮ɢ
״ҶһͬʱҲײһءһ죬һѤĹϼѶ
н׷һۻɫǹҶɫһ˵
һ֮£˫ֳ̧Űճǹңңһ㣬˵һĿãһǹ΢΢һһ±ǽҶɵԪ⽣׻ɡ
ͬʱһƺߴҶ˫΢ɫһףﱻ䣬ҶȻܵһЩɡǱﻹΪԷǸԼһȼҶап಻ѡ
ʱҲ׷ҪҶɽճǹȴǻϼһ৵һ£Ҷһնȥ
ں˫ֵɲǣҶɵʶѸоʱٻԪ⽣ֵȻ֮ңҲֵס뵽Ҷɵȥ
һȻһɫǹǻɫǹײһ𡣱һŴĿϼ
˫ʲô˵ҪֳֻҪͲҪΪˡǿĿƱֿŻɫǹ徹˵˵
״ҶҲ΢΢һ㶡жһͣ
Һ˫£裬ҲԼº֮ǣȡˡ˵꣬˫һЦ
䷨һ֮£һıһɡ嵱ɫһסҶǳûٻԪ⽣
˴ʱҲЩΣԼǺ˫Ķֹ֣ҲΪҶɵӣҲûʲôˡ
λСֵܣʵڶԲסˣԭûҪû˵꣬ɫȻһ䣬һХķ
ǻɫǹûնҶɣǣնȥⲻһ㶣漴ŭһԼıձɣ⵹ɱһֲ
ʱһɫһ׼ȷĻǹǹһ֮£ټһҲǶ˴˻
״ЩмĿҶһۡ漴Ķź˫
ߣ˵տʼΪβʩչǡ貽׷ϴˣԭһֱڵȣǶܳ޻һһʯ֮ƣҿ˵循ŭ֮Ŀź˫˵˵
ǿһɫ԰׵Ҷɣ漴˫΢΢һЦͷˣҲûʲôģҵȷǴԼߡ
û뵽ǣǾȻȣٺ٣⡣֣Ҳֻ·һ
ԣɫһ䣬ЦǵȷĶ֣㲻ҪˣǵļƻʯҵҲ֪ġ
Ҷ˵ĹϵΣҲǲ֪һһزȥٺ٣أҲʲô³ԣ˫ɫһ


13 ľת
ʯң˫΢˼Ƭ̣ЦռȻҶ֣˼Ʋߣţʯ˵Ụ㡣
ߣһˣ˭Ϊƴʱ򣬴˽ıｻһǣǰǲΪҷģңҲһߡ
ԣɫ΢䣬˫˻Ҳ޵Լһʯҿ϶ƴԼ˵Ĺϵȷûдﵽ̶ֳȡ
˼ʱ򣬺ȻɫһЩɲת׿˿ҶɣãȻɫһ˼ۺ˫
˫ҲƴӸմǧӳȥˣｻ͸㣬һͬնɱǣΣ˵꣬ЦеĿź˫
΢ԥƬ̣˫΢΢˵ͷһתĵҲգϾҲʶѾãĶ֣ȻԸǱŹ㡣
ɱСӵ飬ͽˣְɡ˵꣬˫̧һУವһɫǹȵС
ã½Ҽɡ˿ûԥԶһ㣬৵һ£ɫǹһ󣬱ͷϿա
СӣɹֲĺҲΪ˱סɡԱϣ䷨һߣɫǹ΢΢һ৵һ£Ҷһնȥ
״Ҷɫһ䣬æٻԪ⽣Űɫǹֵȥ˫ֻ΢΢һЦһ˿֮ɫ
ûŹ壬ֻڵ֮Ҷ֮ʱҲʱ̣гǹ׼
Ȼڰ΢΢һ٣һ֮£Ȼתһһҵź˫ȥĬ̶ȣͬõһ㡣
ʲô״˫һ㶣漴ŭһһ䣬৵һ£һڳ׷ѪɫһеĳǹֱŶ˵ıȥ
ߣû˵꣬˫ɫȻһ䣬ǰһСĻԼ
ôܣԣ˫ֵĺ˵Ļǿ൱ھŲȫһڴʿһ֮
˵û˱ǳǹ֣Ҳ޷Ȼ´˻
뵽伱æ৵һ£˫㱬һĿãţηȥԾ֮£Ƕ֮ԶǿŻƹ֮һ׷ᡣ
ס֣ҽ͸˫û˵꣬ǴһҽУǿŻ׼ȷĺ˺˫ϡصһ죬ȼһһ
еĺ˫һڵ淭ͣҽ֮ϴ˵棬ͨ𣬿ɲڵ򼸸Ϩġ
Ǻ˫ʹӣҶЩв̣Сû׹һֻ˵ģôԼǰˣοԼɱġ
ɱˣһʮ꣬δ˵жô޴
ҾȻİɱˣ𣿡ҶЩʧ˵һƬնľҲʼһЩת䡣ɫЩӡ
״üͷ壬ҶɵȷǳԲӣ漴˵С磬׼֮ɱ֮֮ʶ̫黳ĵġ
绳ʴ֮ģڵϵģ¾Ҷ˵ʬˡңҵȲͬˣ̤ţΪһЩĶɱżʡ㲻ɱıԼ
ԣҶоһɫһṦƺͨʲôҲһкܶҪ˵öԣҲɱıң̤ţɼ
Ҷزʶ֮£ҲƣߣǺǣӲǰɷɣǡ˵꣬ҶϢһʢ֮ʧɫҲƺüᶨ
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һɫϼһ㵵ı֮£սնǿ֧ŵĺ˫
һƺߴʱĺ˫УͷУѪȻ޷Ϩ档
ţԪ⽣ɶһһĴ˺˫壬ֱһκǳһĳҶɵͷϿա
忴Ҷɶһ֮ˣ֣Ƕ˶ȴһ仰Ҳû˵вЩп㶵ǰİꡣ
һ̣ı鼫Ϊᶨ·һʲôԭĵһֱûôŵ꣬ĵն񣬼˺˫ײУƱαװ
Ϊȥ겻òȥӦҲòȥı䡣֮ǻľ˾޴ת䡣
ʵ㶮ãֻǣһֱţֻʴȸлߣտûʲôƶ֣֮еģֻǿ߲ѡ
ʱȻоҶɵϣƺһ΢ı仯ԼȴЩ˵ƺǶһֳ˲еĲɣ֮УҲ֪ǰ꣬ľ
˼֮ʣԪ⽣ڰչϼһ৵һ£Լһն״嵱ɫһ䡣
Сס֣㣬ֻҪҵĺڽˡϾҵĶһߴţһ߿ɫǹȥֵɫ֪ҶɻûģǵĵҪ
৵һ£Ԫ⽣ͷԶʱȻסû볤ǹײһ𣬼״Щӡ
壿ƭõˣҺĽߣȴң˵ɣ˷ٸҷŹˣߡ˿̣ҶЩȻ˵
һת˲˿һ˵С磬˵ģҶߣ˭ԸҲ֮顣
巢ģûĻҲֹǺ˫ֵģҲǾȹһΣɲܶ𱨡
ȻǰҲ֪ôҵģҲǰļƲߣͬʱֹ˫ıȫųŵֻӲһģǺ˫ش߻мϣġ
ƾ⼸㣬ѵ㻹Ҫ̵ؽɱȷҵļʲôҲ飬췢ģԺԲ鷳ǰѺڽҲҪˡ
˫ıҲһҪԺǸ߸ģҲ㣬˭ҲǷ˭ġľ˱仯СԺħޣߡ˵徹Щ
Ҷԣɫ˿䣬ض忴һᣬɫһ
㻹Щģ˷ڷŹһΡԺñȥˣ˵ᱻơ
ҲãħҲգֻҪûӺ֮ģߣ֮˵껰ҶŰһ㣬Ԫ⽣ϼһѪʧ漴Ҷ˴С
˫Ļɫǹֿ˿˫ճɻҽĵطһƤ΢΢һΣǷɵҶɵУǺ˫Ĵ
˿̵ҶɫЩ԰ףת׿һۣǽ˫ųĳ׷ٲ޻ȥ
㶵ĿԶȥҶɣǱӰƺЩɪһʣƺǱ濴ȥǰľګ˵һλ꣬Ժ󾿾ﵽεȾ磿뵽˫Ŀһе˼


14 ջ
޻򣬾Եջĳ侲ڣոճԹ緹Ҷڴߣͷ˫նɱһĻ
⼸ľҶľΪı䣬Ӵ˷ٲȥʲô֮ͬ£Ҵκˣ˵ĻĽߣĻ˾Ȼ˺ϻԼһ뵽¾;ߣ
Ҳ廹еֹ֪˫Լɱ֣Ǻ˫һݣԼľίίһգԩˣҶɿǻûء
ͬʱҶҲоԼ̫ԼĽ̶ȣڱֱЦһ㣬һԼҶɣЩԳЦЦ
ǵǰˣʱÿζԼռϷ磬ҲЩֶȥϷˣھӼҵĺӣԲˬŵЩСˡ
һ뵽壬Ҷɲҡҡͷ˵ҲЩļƣвԼ㿪ʼ˶ԸԼĲԣǶֶԸ˫ҲҪøȥ³
Ǻ˫ȱٵǾֶΣȻҪĻǲ֪˫Ϊˣ뻢Ϊıֱֿԡ
ԼֺγǷȱ¥ʱͲȿûʲôˣҪȺһɤñ֪ԼĴڣ֪˿ջԼԸѶӶ񣬴Ҳ¥ġҶ˵뵽
˵ǿʵǰκεĽ뾭飬ҲԵô΢ԣҶںܼȵԼʵҪһЩĹԼ߼һЩķ
һ뵽ҶɲЩԼҲһСүһЩķõķҲܺͱҫһ¡
ĸȴǲûдʲô˵õķˣԪ⽣Ҷɿధĸ׺þãҶŸҶôһ׷ϰ֮á
ĸˣûԼ̤·ԼҲΪһѣٶֻҶɣڼֵĻʮ꣬ԲҶϰҶɹֻҶڼﰲȫȫĶȹ޵
ڿƺǺԼƻûб仯죬ԼǹзʲôֻЩĻˮǽʵսУ𲻵ʲôá
Ҳͽ׵ģڼһԺֵǵүڱеİ׳գһĨڣʲô档ȴʲôҲᣬҶɲӣ
ҶɲԹԼĸĸ֪ĸ⣬ڼҲûǿڣҶɶڸĸǷݼǹңҲƽȴǵֻǲʼǰܲˡ
ʵֻӵ㹻ʵԼ顣ҶЩᶨ˵ԭȥһǧյӵ飬ȴǳⵢˣտһҪȥһġ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ䣬৵һ£һɫƤУصջ̫ۣһݱǵͷ˯ûü鿴еĶ
ˣҲʲôˣĻóֵҵˣǸн׷ĳǹҲҶɸ˵˵漴ЩΪĿ˿һʶ˴ڣǰûʶ¾ҪĶ鿴ˡ
Ԫ鵤ǺöͻƿĵҩϧֻʣһˡҶüͷ壬鿴һ̣ϲɫһһ֮£ʯ飬С
ʯʵɫ쳣⻬һɹɢҶɵȻϵô߳õĽ׻ҡʯ
ҾȻҲʯڿԹһЩıˡҶϲɫİʯﲻͣţƢ¶ɡ
ʯǵȻһƬɿɳʯϡȱƿڴУʯںɹΪָԪؼɢҵһ˿˿ʡٵʱ䡣
ȻҲҪʯԣʿȷʽһʯϡȱʯôǲ󷨽ƣԼһЩؿá
ʯҶɸоԼҲ˼ߵӣ׽ҪЩʲôźãĻ뵱С
һṦҶɻָѣ˻ԴҲ֪ʯһֵı˵껰ҶɽʯЩսԼĴУ鿴
ʯҶɸо˷һΣҲֵãЩջ񣬽ԴҲû̫ϣ޷ҩݣԼͨĲϡ
ףҶɺȻɫһһʽͨĻɫʯƬ״ƷʶݵҶɵԺ֮УʯƬк֮ϣǿ̻С֡
һ̣һɫʯƬǳҶɵУش˼ֲۣʲô֮󣬱ǿʼ۲һЩС
貽ѵǡһ٣ҶɺȻ˫׷ԼʱʩչֹķԲͨҶ˵Ļɵ
ţǾ۾ϸ鿴ʱţҲ֪˶ãϽֳһЩ˷ܵЦݣԺл˺˫ǹĲ˫ֻǰãһһԾ֮£Ծ⡣Ծ֮Զ
뵽ҶɲЦʯһܹԼķҶɻֵܷóصģסٶʯҲûãܵظ˵ͨʲôңҶɲЩ뷨ðԼҲΪԼĪ뷨еЦ
΢ͬսҶҲǳԿСھ𣬻ָΪͬսûн䶯úڽնսԼذɡ
뵽Ҷɱһ֮߳ҡ
պҶɵӰ˾޻ȽƫԶһƬУĴһȷ֮󣬱һͷ˽ȥ
ʱ䣬Ӧ㹻貽ĲˡҶЩ㽵˵ǰһ£ǧյӣаµʱ䡣
ڣҶ׼貽һһǶֱıǮڶս֮Ӽʵ˵ǹ෨κεķҶɶΪȤϾ˻ǼֻҶɼֻ߶ˡ
ּһصĵط˫ĿһյԺУһ貽̣оκ©֮󣬱˫Ŀһɫ֣
ԭã֮˼ٺ١ҶЩȤ˵׷̫ѣѵֻһḶ́ԼƵ̶ȡ
һصķʽѹע˫֮䣬ʹ˫ǿıȱǣķѷҶɵʣºά̫ãȴҲӰԴ˷顣
ȻҶ˫һֵӡȥЩɬҲüΪأʯƬϵļأʼйɵתڵķ


15 貽С
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ҶûжᣬֻרעţԼôʱ˵һ˫֮ϵİâȻһʢЩĿҫ
ʱҶһ˿˷֮ɫзһ٣һһǰԾȥ
ͨһ졣̳
һɫӰһҶŵزȣ沿͵˸ܡĽӴʵʵˤſ˵ϡ
ѽҶ۵һ죬ſڵһ£漴ܻҳȿȡؿڣСֳǰ˻ӣͼܵĻҳߡ
ʱҶɣŪһĻҳȻ֪ȴһϲ֮ɫǿžԼ֮Ŀľ
ɹˣȻһ±ﵽ֮⡣ȻˤĺʹǱ֮ҶȻޱȡֻаѡĵôôӲ
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˫֣ĨһϵĻҳҶɿʼоβܰȫŵأЦԵУõ˳֣ʩչ貽ԼͰԼˤнˡվǿЦͳɡ
ϢһᣬҶվϵĻҳٴǿſľ֮£ת貽һṦ˫âһǰһԾ
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ιʲôģȥȥһţҶɱһ󺰣ţһʮӹ̨˳ûüǱŸ첲ϡ
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ˣһͷ׺Ҵһİɣ೤ʱ䣬ЩӹҶֱӵʵ
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ɣ˶·˫ЬҿӦò࣬ϾߴȥһʣҾߣȻڸǼΣ
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͵ЩͷȥҶɵʱ򣬴߳һ꣬һＫΪЬҲ»ģһǮ
һۣһɫƴһͷڷϵһɫƮԺֻƤԺڣЩľګȻֻΪǼɫ߸ıòԵʡ
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޻һĽֵϣԴŷĽһҼӰﲻȥһӣЩֱڽֵ԰˵̯һЩӰ˵Ʒ
һŰµ꣬һ̯ڰŪһС˵ȷ˵󣬵ͬʱżʮһ׳ͨҲǲӲӵġ
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£Ҷվ׼ȥԱߵĵ̯ʲôϡŹֵĶ
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16 
Լ׶ӣҶɲЩΣ弸ûʲôֱԼǿ˿ԷƷѡ
λ²ǿ˿ǵĶѵҪǿǿɣҶɿ˿ˣǵ̯һڰ˲Ϊһһ߲Ϊ
˵սԼ϶޷սʤ˵ģ˵ֱܣضӦñȲԼٶȣҶɲ˵뵽ӶԼ貽Щĵġ
ߣٺӷϻһʮˮԵͽϿóʺϵƷĻٺ٣ɱǲʱʮĵ̯Ц˵
ԣҶɫһӣڴǲ̫ʺˣȻˣҪԼһԸŵֱ˶ˣǿֶӣضԷҲ׷ŹԼ
Ҷ׼˶·ʱ򣬺ȻԶһȵ
ף㣿䣬һͽ߹ҶɵĸǰЩĿ˿Ҷɡ
ɼ꣬Ҷɲüͷһ壬ŶȻ㣬ôѵ鷳˵꣬˿ɼꡣ
꣬˰Ҷɵ塣
ˣ岢޴⣬ôӣƺЩ鷳Ҷ˵꣬ɼ꿴˿̯¶˲ӲӵЦݡ
״Ҷɻ𻰣̯Щɻ֮ɫʵѣСӺʶɣ
ٺ٣ĳһѣֵѸӡЩΪ˵
ŶȻǾˣĳҲûʲôʧٺ١˵̯꣬һҶɣֶЦЦȻЩ˶ʶġ
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ô˵˷Ҫллˣ·ϣҶɶ˵
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˶ԷĻҶ˼ĵ˵ͷ
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ԣҶ΢˼Ƭ̣ҶһĴɢޣ޶ӵɡ
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ֻΪɢĴȥǧ¶һ·ϼ񵽵ļöѣڲǿˣҶɲ˵
ٺ٣ƭ㣬Ķʵֻ󲻸ıﱻߣҵĶҵȷ޻һ¶˵˴ҲЩ
岻װӣҶɲ̾˿ԼƺҲȶԷòȥ
ԭĶˣȴ˼ҳ˵ҶĵطҲûȫŶԷĻ
һֱС֮ãڴڼ䣬ҲҶɽһ£޻ļ壬һЩڵɢ޶Ǽ˲ǣԼһЩ˽ʵıܻȡ
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ڴϣҶ˫۳Զ
⼸ʯõķҲ̫ˣ˵꣬Ҷɲҡҡͷת˰죬Ҷɷ֣һͽ׷ҲڵԼġ
ԣһ˲ȡķʽǶһϵȲۣгʯġ˵ЩӣǾġ
ʵһ㷨Ĳϣ뷲õı࣬ڷĻϣһЩ߽ʿעԪ󷨴ʦ̻󷨣סԪ֮
ֻҪʹӦĿھټעһЩʹԵУһע˷ʵ̶ȣǶͨԵֵġԣҲǷȷԭ
ţҶɱЩԺƤһ˯˹ȥҲѹ֣ʱ貽һֱûкúϢڴϺƣҲڵõ˽š
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糿Ҷʱϲɫһ漴ͷ˿ţɫЩѿһ˫С۾ȻգգΪԼϵЬӣȻֻʣһֻ


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17 
ԼֻʣһֻЬӣҶɲЩҲ֪Լǿҵ󣬻ɺϣҶٴν˹Ρ
ҶɵЩ˷Ȼĸо˵ʵҶɶѾЩϤֻһξ
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һ˼·Ҷ侲ȻʵеƷܴȥǲ֪ܲȡҪٴȡǲǱһ͵ƶֿ⣿ϧȡܲܺ͵˶սʱ˼֣ͣԼ˯һΣó㱦ٴ˼Ҳ㵱׳ղŹֱ֣һˡ¿϶˯㡣
Ҳһջɣٺ١ҶеĺɫãһУصйء
ϧǲģ˵꣬Ҷ˼Ƭ̣һ䣬৵һԪ⽣ȻС
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һṦҶɷԼָֻˡ͸ˡ
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Ҷɺһû˿仯

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ϣҶɿʼŪһԼǿҵڤѵҪ
һ̣ڴͷҶһڤ
һĻˣԭڴͷ϶꣬Ǳģʱſڴŵ
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ǧˣѡεӵʱˣ컹ǺúϢһ˵ɡ˵껰Ҷڲϣֽǰ½һо˿֮󣬱˫ĿһյĴ

ڶգ峿޻ҲǱСһ֣ϸ۲죬дһЩڵСʿͨ˵ټ
ĳĴϣһΪɾӡĿջ˿ǰ˺üĶ飬˵Ա٣ֵǣû˭£ʵʵŶվ
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㿴־ѣﱾɼ壬СźԪ鵤ҲǴѴѵĳԣҵܱʮ꣬Ѿﵽڵڰ˲㶥ˡ
⵹ҲǣΪɢޣ˼ұȲ𰡣޻ɢУҲʯҵѣԼ˫ȼǶˡ̾Ϣ
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ʲôôҶɲЩȻЩ벻ܹͨһڵ߲ġ
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״Ұ΢΢һЦ߿ֻ֣Ԭִ£ĳ͵ﻹðɣ
ԣԬִµɫһ΢Цص˵ͷ״Ұֽѹ͵ǵļƻ֪ܷ˳³֮ĳһݴ񡣡˵꣬Ұһ


18 ѡ
ҰԬִСֹ˼֮󣬶˽΢΢һЦԬִת׿˿Ŷз信꣬΢΢˵ͷ
ݹϰؼҵ֮ССͣΪִﵽڵڰ˲㣬ٺ٣ţǧҲǻúġԬִ˵˵
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Ұ뿪Ԭִ¶˵عӣʵ˷ѡͲزˣʱֱϷǧڱɡ
лݻһ˵꣬ǻվһߣЩĿ·ЩŶ֮ˡ
дǲһѾǵĸòԱͨˡʱԳͨǬҡͷ̾Ϣ˵
Ҷˣɫûʲô仯ʱҶɣֻԼܷͨˣԼܣҲܲţҲֻǿְˣԼθɣ
ڴ˽ʱԬִüͷһ壬漴΢΢˰֡
ˣȾһ£ȣϷһѾˣϷ򽫻ǵͣΪԼʣǷܹǧڡ
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Ϊ׵һʮ꣬һɫܣ˸Ӳߣƫ֣һ˫С۾Щӡ
һۣӴʮ߰꣬һ򣬷·׼¼ʲôһ㣬Ϊ۵ǣ˵ĳһһֻǸЩ𣬾һ˫̥ɫޱȵĹ
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ţ˶ǰˣ˿ǰ˵һ߰ĺͯץֱִֻۣͯϣƺһ㡣
Ƭ̺΢΢ҡҡͷϲһ˿֮ɫһ
ͯԵһԣ̾Ϣһ˫ʱЩӣק¶ĺͯתȥҶźͯ޶ԭΪӱЩһԺֻڼиЩֻˡ
֮ԣҲɵ̾Ϣһоߣٲһɱرֻſؼ翵ҲෲеĳΡһЩߵļʱҪһЩ
ʱȻ˫Ŀһǰһʮһĺͯʲô֣󣿡
ҽʮһꡣͯһ䣬ֹ֮̿һҲЩĵӣԼĺҲûԵ
ãǺϸˣȥǱߵŰɡ벻ڶһĺӡЦе˵棬ǽϢ¼
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ߴָĵطɫޱȵļץźͯ˫֣һݺӡ
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˿̣ԬִҲæµһ߱Ԭִֻ̭˵Ϣ¼ԸվһԵȺ
ףֲССͣǿԴﵽڵڰ˲ľ磬ǱǰǽʯҡСӻҪǿһЩͻƵھŲ㣬Ҳǲܵ顣ʲô֣ʱԬִɫһǰһŰ۵Ӣ꣬Щ˵˵
Ҫ֪ΪҵһţǿһСĹ͡
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ã˼ϡˣȥŰɡ˵꣬ԬִǰֳһӰ˵ĽԬִǰ
Ƭ̺Ԭִ΢΢ҡҡͷαʣҲܹ߰˲㣬ʲô鵤ҩҲ޷ġ
ܹľҲǲף˺Ҳǰ̿ˣúһ·еðɡ˵꣬Ԭִ±ǲ
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷһЩ飬ҲĸһЩߣαƽӹµȣġ
ÿһԣȽңһͻģͻǿɳ֮Ϊľʢ֮Ϊľ
ߣеȣȴҲǲ֤һܹɹҪαһЩһЩɵӴǴ˵ʡ
Բߣ򱻳Ϊʣû⣬ټŵҩĸġ
ؼ仹ֱԵԭ߱ǰٲһԲߣǧѰȱ֮УҲѰһлԵɺ£Ҳһоͳһ
ָڵǺеԣǼ䵥һԣ˵ʿɳ֮Ϊϵĵ֮Ϊ
һߣеĻԹ°빦ҽûκƿԣɵ˳ף˵ߣκδСɶšֻϧ̫ټ
պ˶ķ˶Уֻѡ˲ʮ˶ѣʣŶӵҲʮһˡ
ҶߵУѡ˽ʮˣʣµˣҲʮ˶ѣˣǧڣҲҶеǰ򵥡û뵽̭ôˣҶҲʼЩ
ͨԬִ²Խ̸ʱҶҲǹ۲ЩˣΪ۵ҲŰ۵ĶԼһµʯҶˣ˽ڵڰ˲㡣
һŻ񣬿ЩݣźˣҲǾԬִµĲԣӣ䱳Ҳûж󡣷Ļһȥˡ
Ҷǣ徹ȻҲμ˴˷ѡΣͨ˲ԣվȺ֮УʯҶС˵ʲôҶɼǵ˵˹ϵ
ڰ˲㣬˵Ϊ̫ˣ£ԺҲûʲôǱˣϸ񡣡ʱǰһӣԬִ̭ˡ
ֵʱ򣬾ЩͨǬæοգҲǱԬִ̭ˣΪα
ǿϸαԺıְɡԬִ·ſͨǬ漴һҶɡ
˿̣ҶҲЩȥ
ȻԬִ˫ĿһҶϵ΢΢һףԲԬִЩ˵ӣҶɲЩɿԬִ½һ仰ȴҶҡͷЦ


19 һ
оҶԲԬִһϲ漴΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ϢϧˣһţϧҪαҪѡ
ԣҶɵɫһ䣬Ԭִµı飬Ҷɿʼ
˷ϸһԬִޱ˵漴ҶɡҶԣҲǱЩ
ȻǧڲԼҪҲ̫ˣԼޱûѧϰҪ𣬼̫ˡ
ҪǣԼҲֻʣѡΪɢޣ޷õʲô̫õķ
ѵȹĹͽһ𣿡Ҷƺδһ㣬ԼӲ˵ɣֻǲ֪δ֪ĸĸ
һţҶתҡͷЦԶȥҰ¶ģԲԱɢޣҲһҪ취ɫǱü
ҶѣʱһƺЩϤЩʧҶɶУתһһ֪꣬ʱóԬִԡ
Ӵʮ꣬˿̣ЦеĿҶɡ
ѣҶЩ˵ԭ꣬ҶԪո뿪ǧ£ڰ׻оȳǧڵӡ
ٺ٣ҶѣȻˣǰڿջкˣ˼Եһ¡˵껰Ԭִ¶ߡ
״Ԭִüͷһ壬Щ˵ӣҪ˵Щʲô漴һ˿ϲ֮ɫҲ֪˵ʲô
Ƭ̺󣬽˵껰˺һԣԬִ̧ͷ˿ԶҶɣ΢˼Ƭֵ̣˵޷һӣҲ޲ɡǽľˡ
һЩαһȵھŲġðɣ˷ǿϸԺΪǧڳЩ˵꣬Ԭִ±Ǽ鿴ˡἸˡ
ԣҶϲɫһмĿ˿俪ڵлǴһĮ
ʲô֣ˣкֱϵѯʵ漴ضҶɣһԵĽûйʲôҲӦòʲô£ʵʵ˵ɡ
Ҷɲһ˵ʵ
Ҷ޻ɢޣѡҶ̬Ļش
ԣüͷһ壬ɻô޻һʶ˶û֤ĵϸһɹļϸô죿
ҶҲЩΪʵ޷˵ڣԼ޻ʱж̣ûʲôˡһԵĽҲЩɻӡ
ҶЩΪѵʱһϤ˳
֤޻ֻһѣ԰ҶѣڲԺϸȺһɼ꣬Ц˵
ѰȥҶһ˿֮ɫͷ޻ûˣֻôһѡƽҲô߶ġ
ʵҲʶλҶѵģ˼ʱͨǬͻȻôһ䡣
ԣ˿ˣͷãȻǶ޻֮ˣǾûʲôˡҽϢ¼һ£Թȥˡ
Ҷԣ˿˷ԣνһۣ˫ɱҪ֡
ˣҶѣصźھһ飬йŴҾͬˣʱЦ˵
ʲôп飿ҶɲЩⶼûԼ̭صڿ飬Ǹӵϸ˵ŻҶԡ
ҶѣΪǧڻ⣬ЩЩˣǵõȥǧڿʸѡҶЩǵӣݸһЦ
ҶҲصģصŵĿ飬Ҳ޷ǿһЩ˵ʵԼʣֳܻӵĵȼ
ڲҲõһӵҲǧڵһӡֻûʽӵĴá٩٩̸˵
ԣҶ˽ĵ˵ͷҲǣǧ˴ɣ׵ؾͽ£Ҫ֪һ΢õķֻǵӿϰġÿ»ȡʯĴ
ЩӣֻѧϰһЩƤëѣΪ´󹦣ŻõһЩʯߺõķΪ
һʵǿΪҲһ׵顣ĲԣҲ֪ġ
ּһᣬ漴ǻص˿ջ˵кˣӦЩЩ֮ˡ
Ҷѣ벻㾹Ȼǧڵĵʶٺ٣Ҿ˵ҶѲһʱͨǬҶЩĵһЦҶθһ󷭹
Ǻǣɺϰˣû϶Ҷɼ򵥵Ӧһ䡣
״忴˿ҶɣЩƺЩĽ֮ɫȴû˵Щʲôʶһϵӣǿ϶вСİġ
ҶǰԲԲϸ񣬱һӺԬִ˵˼䣬ͨˣȻǽнݣǧҲô򵥡
ˣ˷޻ĲѡΣ˽Ԭִ¼һ˵ʱЩͷ˵
ʱִ£ѽ˶ϣ漴ԬִʵǲõȵԴִ£Ϻһ·𣿡
ٺ٣ֲҲ·϶һ߸ԼԼģߣԬִִ֣ʱɫһ˵
ǺðɣڴϢһգ·ִ¶һЩϸķ˵
ִµĻԬִüͷһ壬ת׿һݣԺ丸ҰӰҲ֪뵽ʲôȻɫһ
أҲϢҶ÷зǱɣ·еʱϢԬִЩе˵
ʲôæִЩɻӡ


20 ɱ
ִµʣԬִɫһ壬һֲɵĿ˵ôѵִ¹ۣʩչзû𣿱ˣ˷޻ԬĳΪֵġ
˵껰Ԭִ¹ȻеֱӽȺɢ󣬵һ䴢৵һ£һϼһĺȻڰջΪһֻСĻɫԲ̡
ҶɵЩĿУԬִ̧ŻɫԲңңһ㡣ǣ䣬ֻɫԲ̱һƬĿϼҶɵ˫ĿһСɫԲһУ
Ҷɵٴ۾ʱһֱ֮ޣɢ鶯ϼĻɫԲ̣հĳͷ
һ̣ɫԲ̻£Ҷɵǰ˸պֵٴһȦԵĽᰭ¡
ȥɡԬִ¶Ҷɵ˵ԣҶ΢ԥƬ̣һȷзЩԼ
궡Ƕ˵ԾԲ̣ԬִĿһۡ˼״Ҳ׳ȥҶҲȺԲ̣Ϊ˿ûѡ
ʱջſٴγ꣬Ϊ׵ǽûоԡֱͨĴˡ
ڽĴ£ԾԲ̣Ҷɴ˸кΪʮˣԵЩӵ
״Ԭִ»ͷ˿ִ£ЩˣŰɣֵܣҲһͬмɡ
˵껰Ԭִһģ֮£˾ȵУ˻ɫԲ֮ϣ漴̧ŻɫԲһ㡣
ˣԬִ»䣬ɫԲ̹ϼһڿ𣬶ϵˣһ֮ɫһ侲ĶҲüһȻҲ״γ˵ȷз
ɫԲ̸һ߿գĽ֮󣬱һٴαƬ̺󣬱˶ʮɵӡ
˿̵ˣҲôӵԵ˺ôһƬյأʱԬִµŻɫԲ̱Եָ¡
৵һâһһ㵭Ļɫ֣Բ̱Եý˻СͬһĵԲ֮ϡ
ԵҶɣǿ˿ǲ㵥Ļɫ֣漴СĴ˴һ󣬽ֵ˻ͬһĻϣǺָĦܵĻɫ֣䳬ļʵ̶ȡ
ٺ٣ǲõģȫҲնֵģһʱٶȹ죬֣ǲŻᰲȫһЩһɾ磬ҪǵСԬִ¿һۣ˵˵
һֻ̣оԲ΢΢һ漴ವһԶһЩĲʮһ꺢ͯɫһףһ֮ɫߣһŻǺ˼ᡣ
Ҷ˫ֽסԲ̣ԵüΪ򶨣ȥôµӣ԰׵ɫȴǳʱ̬˵£Ǽٵġ˸߶ȵȥضøǵ³
һֱе˰֮ã̫ɽԭΪʱȥϢһ֪Ԭִ¾ǲںʲôҹȻڼָ·
ڼ׼ʳֻʮ˳һ㣬ҶҲȻܶʵûθڣԬִóˮȴõѣЩκԴ˼ˮоһЩ
һҹĸ·ҲЩϰ˺ҹʼǰţеǿʼ̸Ц˽вѾȥ˯ӡ
ҶɴʱҲʼǰˣ͸ĻɫĻǿգԼĸĸ
ԺУҶҲ˯ˣҲ֪˶ãԼԼ䣬Ҷһŭ֮ĺȡ
Ҫ𣿡Ԭִԣվֱݣһʮ߰ꡣ˵귢ġ
˵أѵΪǻܹŹ𣿡ЦĿ꣬˵˵ޱ飬һֱûп˵Щʲô
ԣɫһ䣬ŭߣǸղı޻Һɱʬ𼣣ҵ֪ҿδ
˵һʮˣҾͲţеȫɱߣֻҪһ֪ǵͼ¶
ɫһ䣬ҲüԬִ΢΢һЦߣСӣϷˣСΪ˾
Ҳ룬ΪξԼû˯ţ˶˯һ㣿ϷˣС㻹˵㣡
˻һһ˿ɻ֮ɫת׿˿ߵˣ˯ƵȷǲôŹۡ
Ƭ̺оһɻѵǣʳˮ⣿
ߣ㱿Ҳãһ˶˶ûԵģҲȹϷǵˮΨ㲻ԲȣҲֲϷĺ
ֻΪؼңݵĸЩ飬԰һΣԭҲûǶֻ֣ϧ˵һ룬Ԭִҡҡͷһϧӡ
ʱҶɣȴǽ˵̸һ漴ЩԼȹˮôû˯ţڿǲҶĻضͬһ³
ʱԬִ̧ңңһץϧ֮ɫʧȡ֮ģһ֮⡣
״ͬзһ㣬һһɫ̽Уȴǳһ֮⣬޷ֺ
һ޷ܵϣܵĻɫһŤȻһһ˶ߵĶףХķ˽
Ԭִһ壬ǲƯɫֲѣȫ΢΢Ԭִһ˦৵һ壬˳ŹֵĶױ˦˳ȥ
һ޷ԦУ·зǱɵĽˣһ־ˡ
ݣԪɱҲˣ»ȥ㸸ʵɣ˺ǻǷǧڣҲҪָϷչ㣬£ҪԼΪ֮ԬִʩɫֶϣƵ˵
ףԺ󶨻ؿƿȥ鷳Ԭǰġݹ˵
ãΪԷһϷ򽫻ʩ֤ûǵԻɢһװ˯֮ˣԶ˫ۣߣɱۣ˵꣬Ԭִµһ㡣
৵һ£һƬѤǹ㸡ֶ̼䣬˵ϣֻ˿дһߺ
ãߣ˵꣬Ҷɷȥһߡ
Ϸ֪СЩ飬ǽϵĺӣӦ֪ȫΪأԣϷԼ顣˵꣬ԬִҶȥ
ſڵװ˯ҶɣҲ֪ղô£һɹ͸ڣԼ˫ĿҲղˡⲻҶаѡ


21 ɽ
ԬִԼһҶɲпѣ䷢Լװ˯ǿ϶ɣʱҶɵЩڣΪεûжԵ㶫ȼˮ˯ҹҲڸ߿մ˼Ҷȥˤǿ
УҪ˯۾۾ҶĲѡȴûע⵽ǰڵ΢΢һ˿⡣
ʱԬִҲߵҶɵǰһصһ죬Ҷ߷Ҷɵ沿Ԭִ²˫ĿһС
ôˣԬִ£ʱԶԬִµɫ˵ʵ
ԣԬִ°˰֣ҡͷŶû£Ǽˣǧ©κˡ˵꣬ԬִٴƷ˼˺󣬱ǻصǰƬյأһɫ֮ϡ
֣ǰӦСӦŵģѵϷӦˣԬִµǰҶ˯һĻſˮ˫Ŀգȳƣ˯ߵӡ
Ϸˣװ˯ƭùϷģҲգСЩ飬ͷŹһԺõϵЯԺôģٺ٣Ԭִһ΢Ц˵
Ԭִ£ˣһѣʱݻصԬִԣ˵˵
ðɣһޣҲϢɡԬִͷҲû̧˵漴˫ĿһգǴ
һֱ˵ڶ峿һͷԻ꣬½½תѹһ˯˶Щɻ
ԬִֻӦһ䣬˵зЩӦҲͽŽˣмʲõ꣬Լͯһֱϲѹ
ԴˣҲֻΪ̫ӦңҲȷʵʲãڵҩûȫӷֻ˲
ЩУΨҶɣһֱ˯˵ڶ죬ҲûļⲻýЩ鿴˼Ҷɣֲκ쳣Щ
ҲЦҶ̫ʮһĺͯ磬ԬִҲЩɻԼµҩ˵ҲԲڳ˯첻ѹġ
Ԭִ£Ҷû°ɣʱԬִǰ˵ʵ
ԣԬִҡҡͷ޷ûƴĻӦھأҩӷһЩɣİɣ
ŶӦһЩĵ˵ͷ
ֱ賿Ҷ˯еʱҶɵüͷȻһ£漴û˶
ǣҶɵУ֪ʱóһֻϴһһЬӡһֱ峿˷׷תѵʱֻЬʧӰ١
ףСӻûѣ˯˰ɣⶼ˯ˣʱҶߣһЦ˵
ʲô죿Ҷɲ֪ʱ˹һ뵽ȴȻûж
ԭԬִҪȥҶɵʱ򣬲֪Ҷеĺãڤ뷢漣̼䣬ξ֮ڡ
ڣҶûʱײһصʵʵһҶɱһɣֻҪвڤŻصʵͿת
賿ʱҶɴϴζеЬӣ˹ֻǺҹΪǰûҶĵİЬ
ֱ˿̣ĻҶɲ֪ԼȻ˯֮á
ҶɵЩ˷Ҳ֤ˣĶǿԴ洢еģҲٴȡ
һṦҶ˫ĿĿ⣬Ҷɵ˫ĿһСࡱһҶɵĸɱĶӡ
ףСˣȻǰ˵Ƥڵ꣬ȵ˵
ԣ˷׷ײĿҶɣ漴һ˽޷һЩЦ̫֮
Ҷѣˣһ˯˯֮ãʱҶǰһ֮˵
״ҶϹŸм֮⣬ЦƲ̫ðɣгԵ𣿡ҶҲû⣬ԱӲҪ֮¡
ϣԣⶼ˯ˣԵȡ˵꣬תȥ֮ˣһ۹⿴Ҷɡ벻ȻһǧڵĵӶչˡ
ӹʳҶɱǴس漴ִڵĺ˼ˮ˽һ⼸
һʱҶ׽ȴǲ٣޷ΪʶһǧڵĵӡˣҶҲ
ûʲôѹʱҲǿʼ۹;ٶ̫죬ûü·ʲôɫһˣȴǲӰ˵¡һ߹۹һϵһЩʡ

Χڣһ֮ɽ֮أֵɽܣ鲼һ׳ǧһЩҩʦҩ׷֮ʱż·˴ȴ˸
ΪֻҪһӴʵ·תʮ³Ҳǳ£ԣѰ֮һɽͷ۷˵ڴ˴зеɡҲɽһصɫʡ
͸֮ڣһΡɽ壬ܱ鲼ŴССĸֽɽˣȴһ㽨һңӡŽӲӵ֡ǧڡ
˵أǧ֮ܵҲ󷨽ƻûһбķˣҪƾȴѲӵĵӣнȥˡ
һգԶһХ֮ţһֻ޴ĻɫԲ̣иֶɽ崦ķй
һṦ򣬻ɫԲ̽ɽ帽˶ʮӰӶ࣬ͷ֮ˣһߣһǰ޻ѡεӵԬִ¡
Ҷɵ˾ĴǰһĻƺɾһ׳ۣûüϸ۲죬ǱԬִ½һ꣬˰һסԬִǽзС֮ʹԲɽ嶥˵Ľȥ


22 ִ밲
ǧڣڣϿһ޴ĺڰɫԲ̣ϻ̫ǵͼһɹ޵ĽƲɢҲʱһ˿â
ǽ֮ϣΪǶһſţ۴Сҹ飬յ磬Ե֮һЩ̸ֻƺһ鶯
ǰһɫ̴ľΣϵһЩͼԵһööķģʱʱʧȥЩӡ
·Σȥ쳣·ʰ㾧Ө͸һ֪ǷƷȥɭϣȴһϢȷһɼұص
˿̣һɫ۵ߣһ֮ϣ˰׷룬飬ȥŭӣͶ䣬һɼҷ緶
һϢ֪Ԭִǿ˶٣ǧڵһ³ϿԲΪֻ߽ףһЩŴСһ㶼ɿλϴ
ڱĿ˼ĿϣȻɫһ漴˫Ŀã漴ת׿Ŵſڴ
һṦһŻµߣſڴ֣һ֮󣬵ǰɫվһԡ
ôͻˣûͬ𣿡˵˵ߣԬִ¡
ϣִȸ˻ûеԴȸͬţֻſЩǡһ٣Ԭִ̧ͷ˿ϣûʲôӦ
ǣ·ϷһС⣬һˣ·͵ϮңĿ죬ŽҶһ٣ȴʧϸ׼ӡԬִС˵ʱ͵ƿϡ
Ŷ͵ϮԷһˣһ˵Ҳû𣿡ɫһһ˼֮ɫ˵
ԣԬִҡͷԷһʿǴߣֲǶ鼱֮£ҲûԷʲôˡ
ǧ࿹ģҲ޷ǾңȣԼ򽣸ƮһŮ֮Ϊƻģ㵹Ӧ÷ֱóԣƮӦò¡
򽣸˵ɣҲʱһЩ˵飬ǹϵǢҲӦġ
ΨʣңȣԭҲ㲻ʲôɣ޷һЩɢ޾ۼɵһΪһЩ׼ֳ֮֮ΪͽܷۣԽԽ࣬ҵȼɲ
ѵңģΪΣǲЩ׼ӵģֻһЩʿҶһʵܻԼʲô˵ġϸķ
Ͳ̫ˡԬִҡҡͷ
ˣ׼ӣʲôˣʵ
ԣԬִ»شһɢޣһˣ޻ҵĺˣ
Ŷɢ޵Ǻ˵޻򣬻һЩģ˵ǿ׽壬Ǵȥǲ̫ã취ȥһҰɣüͷһ˵ȻûаѴ̫ϡ
ǣԬܶãϷģ˶٣ԬִʵϣǾ͵ȰºŴйԬȥһ޻ɣ
ҲãЩӿɶźˣʵ
ûŴʱ򣬶ܵġԬִµ˵ͷ£Ҿȥˣ˳㿴Щӡ
΢΢˵ͷԬִһŴȥ

ĳ侲ڣռ䲢ܴ󣬰ҲǼΪ򵥣Ẉ̂ӰУһĸߴڴ϶
һһ£˫Ŀһ쳣ӣ¼ʲô
һˣһλŰ۵꣬ƤԺڣȻЩľɵӣ˿̣ڴ˼ʲô
ˣҶɣ壬ԼͨǬ
ջĴ񣬿˿һԵҶɣҶѣô仰˵ôҲֵһӣǬһΣ
ǣҶѣҿǰģҵĻܲãһǵ޻ˣĻ㲻޻ûѣǺġǬҲǽӹ⣬˵˵
ԣҶɰüһֵһ䣬ʵЩƣһһ˵߶߶ͣԼֲ˵˼ʲô
ʵﻹһ꣬ҲǳЦҶƤԺڵӣ˼ˣʵȥ˵߶ֱȥ˱ķˡҲ˯ʱ
ҪϵʮĬһһͣĭɣţ۶գƤڵڮٵĲӣ˵ʲô̿̿Ͽ֮ġ
Ȼûֱ˵ɵӶôˣⲻҶЩƺûеǰλ֪λΪҪϷ
ȿȣλˣֵ𣿡Ҷĵױ֤ԼҪˣ϶ڴ˵ضһ̣ߴߴͣ
Ҷѣ˵ʲôôܺǸ̿أǬ˵꣬Ҷɫԣλͨƺ뵽ʲôһ֣ЦǸ˵Ҳףûúڰٺ٣ⰡҶѣұ֤û˵㡣
⻰Ҷ޲ýĸ׸Լϵժö˿Լðײף˵Ҷɾ˶࣬ľҲñһЩͬ࣬⻹һ˿Ƣԡ
û˵ңǱ˵Ҹ˽ܲˣʲôгûڣǲ˵ҳͦ̿𣿡⻰Ҷģȴû˵
ٺ٣˼ֻƽ˵ĬϰˡҶǿһ˿Цݣ˵˵ȴǰԷ̰ѣ


23 Ŵ
ǬЩΣ˸ЦҶѣʵҶ֮ԻȡЦֻΪ·ϵʱȡЦʻһͯ
ԣҲΪѣûҪȡЦ˼ǰͨ˵꣬忴˿Ǭ
ԣǬԴСװͣٺһЦ˼Ŀ˿Ҷɡ
Ŷ˵ҴֶλˣʵҲںЩģ˵ҲʵȷʵôҪллǵġҶɸоû˵ѣ֮Զ˻أҲӦԼʶЩϵġ
ڷҶһֱôڣʱһ˵ҲϰһЩ
£ҶɱĬĬƺͶһ֣𣬳˯켸ٻ
ºǧڵŴ䣬ҲĻЩɳȥ׼ӵִ£ǰǸ˻

һͭɫ㽨ǧһ־ԽܴӴ߳ʤߣһǳ͵Ĵڣ緲˼̨һĴڡ
ÿǧڴСԣյӲԣٴνСЩΪ˽һЩ˽£Ҳ﹫ƽ
һգ쳣֣ûʲôİ裬ֻмһ̨Σ˿̼ϯ
ǰһرĸߴʯ̨ϷһѺصΣŵλá
ֱʮͨΣ˿̣żӰϣһȥ棬ϢƳΪ߶ڵĴʿ
ʱһۣɫ飬׷ߣȻȺ˵һεŴ䣬Ϸ֣ظλִѾһЩеļɻ䣬򶼺ʹҽˡ
ֻͬһ֮˶սһѡһЩãǱĻʤ֮ˣֱΪʽӣʧߣҲǧһӡ
Ȼһ㵽ǿϲǧڣʧ߿ʱר˽һͻȥһ뿪ԺҲڲлᣬǧڵ˶𣿡˵֮ˣǿϡ
ԣ̨˷׷׵ͷɫҲǱȻҶ߬߬ȭͷ˵ͷһҪʤΪʽӣֻѧϰõķ
ˣôλִ£ǸĴ֮ˣʼ԰ɡ˵껰
ʱ򣬸̨ΧˣҶŷ֣һԵķ꣬ڴ˷֮УΧȴǶףȻǺһͬǧڵˡ
ҶѣǼֱ̨Դ˫ˣŵģǶǧڵϵӣֻûֵġʱǬҶɽ͵䲻Ϊͨţ£ͶЩ˵ϤҶɲ˵뵽
ǬϣңĻٺ٣ʱȻȭͷǬǰ˻ΣȻʱҶɵ˵Ĺϵ׽˲١
ʱԬִºȻҶɵ˵ߣǰϵĻҲˣǱ֮УҲûʲô̫Ĺ
һһ󣬶ԷٽйڶڱУʹʲôֶΣǵ㵽ΪֹҪֳȱƴҲΣգĳʲô⣬Ҳֻˡ
ԣ˲ɫһ䣬ҲֻǼΪЩĶˣɫûʲô仯
ҷģǽÿһ̨һִµģһΣգҲֵġʱԬִºȻһЦ˵
Ҷ˲аЦԬִµͦӣԼɱڵİѱԺǳǧڵĵӣǿԺúõһ
ǩɣ˵껰ԬִµһкȻһڴ漴Եľϡ
״Ű۵Ķߵǰ˿ڴ֮óһƬţ½ĳһǩҶҲǳ鵽һƬϿ̻šһ֡
˷ս֣Ƕʮˣȷֳ飬һֻʤʮˣڽеڶֶսٴλʤΪѡʽӡʧܵΪߡ
һʧܵʮˣеڶֶսٴʧֱ̭ʤˣ߽еֶսѡʤΪѡʽӡʧ̭
ҲҪģֻ֤һ´ҵۺʵգɿϣԼҵĸǱٸݴʵսеʵѡγʽӡ
һѡʽӣ󲿷ֿԽֻ̭֮УܹѡģʾҪСϺܶˡڶսУһҪȫΪҿʣԬִ渵˽һ
˵ͷԬִ΢΢һЦˣ׶һŶսҶһţ׶ӶŶսҶӶţԴƣ̨ϾкƣԼĶս̨ɡ
ԣҶҲûˣֳƬֱһ̨ȥ漴һԾ֮£ȵ䵽̨֮ϡ
һ̣ҶɲЩϵûǺɣԼ̨һವһ̨֮ϡ
ٺ٣벻ȻˣͬΪڵ߲㣬س־ս϶ǺĲɣʱӣҶ˵˵
ԣҶҲû⣬ֻЦҲû뵽㣬۶˭ҶȫԸȻ֪ԼʲãȻ־սġ
˵ŻҶҲûֱӵһ䴢৵һ£һâһţҶɵһɫ
״Ҳҵֱֺһڵͽ׷ͭɫУ˫Ŀ΢УҶɡְɣȳ֡
ȶսֲƴɱˣʺϽնԵУһÿƣ̫ķҶɣ貽ϣǺʺٶȡʤ
뵽Ҷɿдһͺȣ漴һಣСһĳȥţһٴȥûʹ貽ӳ֡


24 ϣ
Сһ˿мһǱͭɫеһϼ漴ǰһᡣ
أС򣬲ı׵һѤõ̻Ѷ˿̣ҶҲǴܵǰһʺȥ
״ɫ䣬·ԤϰһҶɵĳж˳Ҷնȥ
ॣһײ֮
ҶջصĳõסĶУһǣ˵ıֻǹϼһǰȻǻ˷ûзӳ֣һҪͽԷȪ
˿ȴһЦ֮⣬ֻȴһ漴Ҷһ㣬һһˮҶͷ­ȥ
һͬʱҶɼæֳһ৵һ£һˮǽǰպýԷˮҲˣסԼߡ
Ҫ֪ȶսգ֮䣬Ҳֳܷʤܣ𲻿Ǽս飬ǰĶйΪ˽ӽҶɶʩչ
ĳ룬ˮ˶ĿĹ͵ҶɷųˮǽɲǼ䣬һҶһȥȴ¶ʤЦݡ
һͻȻ㲻ܽԷնɱҲԽԷˣǶԷ䣬ĻԲʴȵİ֡
ƹˮǽкâһжйϼһʢɫ΢䣬׼Ҷǰһ̡ˣ˵뵽жȴ˿δͣҲûд֮ɫ
͵оҶǰԶʱҶɵϣȻֳһЦݣ״˫ĿһУһֲĸоĵ
ԣҶеĳˡ˵д˷֣ȴ޷֣ͣгǰһֻͣգۼ䣬Ҷɱذɣʵڲˣʲô
һϵжֻǵʯ֮䣬롣
һ̣жУҶǰߵʱȴɫ䣬жһͣۿżʤĶУȴǲǰƶֺ
ڶһ£ұ㲻ˣҶɵŷص˵ͬʱһж˾롣
һɫȴǲ֪ʱĵĴɫ۷Ǳ˽ȥĸоԼĺ󱳣Ѿһ˿ڣѪ͸
ܣǰ֪ҵļƻ˷Ӧġ𲻿ŵ˵һУǰԲˬ֪˶ٶ֡
ϰһԶҲû¹򣬼۾ʩչֻҪԷʩչˮǽ谭ߣǼǱذɣǰ֪Լսʽ˵Է۾ܳȥԼеĹ
֪ǣҶ۾Ȼûϣʶ֮ڴ˿ȴóĸоһһ
Լһ๥ʱҶɶ˵ĽԪ⽣˳ȥһƹˮǽֱն޷𣬱Ͼûʶ֮׷ֺ͵Ϯġ
ʶܸ֮Ӧҿ磬ҶҲܸպûƤܾͻὫҲ˵һġ
㲻𣿡Ҷɿ˿üͷһ˵
˼·һƬãȻȻŲ֮ɫȴǼ䲻ģʵ˵ͽԷˣֻǵһӮɵѡ
ʵɲ𲻵ͷ˵вջǿˣ漴һ֮ɫ̨ȥ
ãһּ׶ҶʤԬִҲȻ֮ɫҶ𳤽漴˶սҶ̨ȥϲûʲôʤϲá
֣СӾȻӦô飿սȽϷḻ˶սɱնĳ㵽λպնƤġԬִСֹǰ׼ֻҪҶɵıƲڴֺϱֶ±ܻܵ˺ġ
صλҶɷͨǬһĻҰ֮ɫѯʹ󣬲ŵ֪һֱ˶ֶûֱˡ
廹Щʵģһֶ˵Щջǻ˶֣˵һֵʤֻҪڻʤһ֣ôֱ֣ӽΪѡʽӵˡ
ٺ٣ͨҲ̫ģһ㲻ǻеڶֵĻֻҪȡʤϣġǬļЦǺǵ˵
Ǭɥ̾ϢֻʣһλᣬǶλᣬҪ´˿ݣ־ʯҵˣҾˡ
ԣҶ岻΢΢һЦĵʱ򣬵һҲڵóյĽ׶һȡʤҶӾȡʤʮʤ³ǩеڶֵıԡ
Ҷɵƺ̫ãǶڵڰ˲㣬ż屳־Ҳ޻УûвԱֱ֮ͨһ
ԭ˷սܣҶҲһλμӵֵģȫԱʵȴŵֵĵ˷־˵ʵҶԼҲûʲôʤ㡣
Ҷɻǳ̨֮ϣȻվ־Ķ棬Ҷ£ΪҶڼдδս˺õĻᣬǸ߳ԼһĴڡ
ô˷ᣬúĥԼһԼʩչ貽Լʶ֮ƣڵڰ˲㣬׻ŶĲࡣ
ĲУԼ䣬ԲӲƴִܻ»̨ϵӵİȫҶ˵뵽
㵱治𣿸һλᣡ˿Ҷɣ־˵˵ȴûʲô֮ɫҲûۿҶɡ
Ŷİ֣ͨ꣬Ҷû˵ֱԪ⽣ж˶Է𰸡


25 £
ҶҪ֣־Ҳûж˵ʲôһ䴢ವһһϼһĺȻڰջΪһҵĺɫȥءһн׷
ִ飬Ƿʲô⣬ֻˣٺ١˵꣬־һղֻһ߰ʯ£ýŭҶɵϡ
һ̧̣Űպɫһ㣬˵һãһϯźķɫҶͷһҶȥ
־ֱ֣ҶҲǲҴ⣬ϾԷԼһģֱʩչ貽ӳ֣˫ãһ
ʲô貽״־Щ˵
ţҶɽԪ⽣Űһףһͺȡ
أһ죬Ԫ⽣ֻϼһǱǺɫһɣԷн׷ܵȷֲ
룬Ҷɵһ䣬ವһһɫǹһ֮£Żɫһնȥ
ʲô⣬˫СɱˣֲûвμӴ˷ԣ﹦ϡ־ޱҪ֪˫ʵǿԼµġ
ǹסҶֱӵһУԶԪ⽣΢΢һһ·ɻҶɵУͬʱ°âһʢαӶ
״־һһ֮£ʮ׶ҶҪǲˣǾͱȻҪģ˵ԼٶȱȲϾԷһ߲ѣ׶޷ʩչġ
һĻˣ־׶һʩչɲǣҶɾ͸ı·ƺиӦһ㣬һȵĳ־Ǳ׶ǰŶ
ʲôܷӦģ־֪ҶʶãɲòȣԲٶ̫죬ս¶Լġ
˫һҪźȥ֪ʱһĻԼҪԼһˣǼֱԼײȥġ
ҵĺ·Ԥϵ־Щ˵ĳ嶯ȴǲû˷ִ磬˫һΣһͭɫһý־ڵ
ţһԾһ˱ܶȥߣǼн׷ֱֵЩСˡ
ʱҶҲǳ嵽ǰӯӯСܣ֪Ԫ⽣նƵģ׼Ƶ󣬺ȻɫСһһ
㻹ӡʱ־ǰ֪ʱóı׶䵥һӣ৵һ£Ҷɺȥ
侹ƵڵȻʩչ˱׶ֻȴҶԼˣ˽ľ룬ǳ䲻֮£־ʵ벻ʲô漣
һ̣ı׶͸Ҷɵ壬Ť״־һ˿֮ɫȻɱ˶˵һʲô¡
ԣûѪãʱ־оһ粻ƣæһԴȥͬʱͷҲص׶
ॣ
һӰ־֣Ӷն伸׶ҶɣѸо־ڶƺʩչ׶С
Ǳ׶䴩ģҲٶ̫µһӰˡҶΪ˷ֽݶԸһĻԼٶȣ䱳Ȼ֡
ϧ־˵ûʶ֮˲ĴڣʵսҲǼḻҶɸոһ̳־Ǿ쵽ʲô
ߣ벻Сӵǽƻս龹ȻḻƺжϳҵĹʽʵ£ٸ㷭̵Ļˡ˵Ż־׼𹥻
䣡Ҷɸɴ˵
һ־һ㶣һ˼ҲҶɵ˼Цߣ㵽ǼĿ죬Сӻ飡
ãȻҶ䣬˷־ʤҶΪߣʱһִ
Ҷ˷Ҳû־һۣҲҰ֮ɫɫ̨ȥ־Це˷ֺ壬źѡʽȥ
аҶѣ벻㾹Ȼܰ־ƵǱٺ٣ˣôԿһʤǸãǬ˿ҶɣЦǺǵ˵
ԣҶҡҡͷҰˣսȥҲɵġ仰Ҷǫ飬ʼҲֻǽ־ֲ־ҶɵĳҲͲٻʲôˡ
˵սȥҶֵܹ˽һ˲ʵ־ȻҪ֣Լʺϳսǰʩչ貽Լ˵ҲһֲСģĻҶɵǲսһġ
ҲԣֵʱڷӣҾˣڶʧˣͿˣǬĻһ˵꣬ҶɱǷ֣˿̴˿ϢȣֽƵĻ磬ܣҲ¡
ϣһṦҲą̊́һҶʱʱĿ̨϶սһЩˡ
ڶֶսҲβԬִǰһµֶսҶƺһʧ߽ڵ㡣
Ҷǳֵ貽н׷ûжãƾǹȰٶȣǽֱƵҶֻΪҶһ㡣
һṦһ֮ɫǰҶɵĻӰֻǰһᵶһ৵һ£һ˸ա
ţɫһ䣬ҶֳֳѾԼĲϣ״¶һ˿ЦͲԼֵܹ˵ġ
ԼСΪ£˵ܲջֻ䣬Ҷ˳˵Ľ˺ѡʽӵĶ顣
Լôһʱе̨ϣǷֳʤԬִ½˷ֳʤӣ˿ǰȴſյĶᡣ
΢ɨһºѡʽӶУ΢΢һЦͷԺŬֻҪֵĳɫᷢŸǡ
Ȼһ٣һҶɣͷһЦӷӦսḻԣҶһϲ
㲻ʽӡϻһת˵˵


26 
ԼѾѡʽӣǰ佱ԼҶɻմմϲ벻˵ͱ䣬תһԼϸҶЩԽܡ
ϣΧʤûʹʲôʵֶΣûΥκһ涨Ϊ˵ӲϸģҶЩƽ˵
˵㲻ϸʻĻ᣿Ԭִɫһ˵ѵҶЩǿſϡ
״ҡҡͷ̾ϢССͣ㾳磬ҲЩ֮һ;ɲǹƾһɵġ
ҪǱԵ̨϶սȷЩǱԭԲǱҲϡ
ֻϧˣ˿ǱҲͱѹסˣǵõٴĻԵΪҲѱסʣĸɣὫ˵ʽӣ
Ϸǵûڵǰƽ͵ĽҶЩҲȷҲκηɣֻĬĬĵͷ
״΢΢˵ͷ漴˿ЩܵĵӡҲҪģպлԵ˵ٴαѡʽӵġ
ңֻҪһЩŵҲͬõһЩɵףһ٣˿Ҷɻܵꡣ
˵һ㣬ΪһЩϾͻСŲСǱֱӽʽӡ˵˵
ԣҶɼֱѪĳ嶯ԼƴƴʤøӣԼµİܽһ̣ԼľҪϽ취С
лϡЩ¶˵ȴǳ˷֮ɫ
ˣ飬λִ´һ£ԺʽӴм϶üҼĵء˵껰뿪
ʣµ飬ͼ򵥶ˣЩʽӱ˺δĻҶɲֻ֪֪ԼЩνļӣɽһС
һ㣬ͨɫдš֣Ȼĸ˼һ䣬˵ʽĵӣŶĿռ䣬治ǲһ㡣
ͨ룬Ҷֵַһ䣬Ҷ벻ǣҲڴ˷ֵ䣬ֱºҶɲ֪ԭģ˵ﻹʵҶף˵ˣʵǺ۸
ڴϣҶ£۾Сȡ
Ҷѣλѣôû˵ʱǬյҶɵߣʵ
ԣҶüͷһ壬ЦǺǣԺҲض룬ҲʶˣʲôҪõѵġ
ҶʦܣʦˡʱſڴӰ
һţ˿ˣ漴Ҷ˵˵ǼӣһҪʦֵƵģ˱֡
ղһһѵģһûʲôǿǴŹġһ֣ص˵
Ŷл𣬽ʦѣЩ̫ϰߣǬͷЦ˵
ԣ΢΢һЦ漴˵Ҷʦܣ֮ûȥֳʵȥҸףʽӣ˵֣ƫκһˣʱ롣
Һķ˴ʱ䣬գʧˡҡͷϧ˵
ŶлʦˣǰҵĻҲ޷ǲСңǺǡҶ˵꣬˿Ǭ΢΢һЦ
ˣʦ֣˵ӿΪųЩһЩʲôҲõһЩô֪ǣЩʲôʱʳҶ⣬ǲԵģϾԼֻʱ䡣
ǸӦòʲô̫ѵһ½ŵļӣᰲһʱѲӣһʽӴ졣˵
ѲӣĸΧҪҪЩʲôٺ٣ǲʣʱҲ˵ġ
ѲӺܼ򵥣Ϊ£Ѳɽ֣һʲôʱϼ㱨˵˵
ʲôǲǺΣգȻ˼Ҹ£϶׼ӣ·ĻᶼûУҶЩΪѵ˵Ҳǵͷ͡
̫Ҷʦܣ˵ҪѲ֣Ҳ룬ǧڲ֪˼ǧ꣬ʱֵ飿
ʵѲӵӺܰȫģʵ飬ҲǿżǵĽڰнȥɣģһ쵹ûʲô£еúܡ
ҲǼУΪ򵥵ˣÿļӣֻôһλᣬΪ£Ժ󣬾ӴҲô׵ġЦ˵
ŶǲҪ˭ûԸ£ҶЩɻ˵
ʹˣЩʸϵļӣǶǧڴ˼ʮˣΪ޽׵ĿܣԾͳ´˵ͼС
һЩµӱܴҲ޷ôҶϤһɽĻĻ˻ǺŪ֡Ŵҽ͵
£ҲһЩҲûʲô£ȥ̵ô˵
ɽĴ£˳ؽ񣬲֪ͨպǻ࣬ȥһʦֵܡ
˸һǽһЩѲӵĹأԼɻ䣬ҪģҶɵ˸ոѲӵʹ÷
ԺҴһ׿ھܼ򵥣ֻҪƼҾͿԲĴƻûӰ죬мǣһҪŪǴɡ
Ǳ˼ߣܿ̽ɽĲãȴ񣬻ҷһЩôԼǧڵơ˵꣬ǽѲƵʹڸˡҶǽĻεļ


27 
ɽһСɽ£Ӱۼһƺ˵ʲô
ⶼˣﶼûҲ̫ĥˣһЩϵôֹġһŻµ꣬Щɥ˵
Ǭʦܣû˸ãǻҪŻӣҿҲһɼǰ˵֮˵ļ
˽ʦֵĻЩϵӽӣЩôֲΪǻᣬǱҪЩġ
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ӰǽѲڴ˵ش˰֮õǬҶɣˡ
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˵ֵһЩ˵ƵҩôãҶɵõҲûãϾԼֲģ飬վպǰǧɱޡ

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ǬԣЩԥǧܹ׷ҲЩĵӣҶִҪȥСһЩӦûʲô̫⣬ϾҶֺܷԶĶ˵ҪͷأúõķðЩգôأ
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뵽ҶɶŽ΢΢һЦʦ֣ҲصģǲģҲֻڱԵתת
΢˼Ƭ̣ε̾ϢðɣҲ޷Ȱ˵ˣȻִҪȥʱ㼸ɣҲ֪ȥǧµԭ
ֻϣҶʦܴ˷һ˳ʦһЩæ꣬һЩʦֵܣȥǧ㡣ĳ˵꣬Ҷɵļ
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28 ɱ
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30 ½
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31 չ
Ÿºǧ񽻽ӴһŻ۵ߣĲɵȡʯǰ˵ÿһʮ߿ʯĻѡҡ
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һͰɽһǣһ׵Ķ˵ȥƺһͨɽһ㣬ϸӦ֮£Բһɹϸ΢Ľ֮ڶܴ
ڵԼôҵӣ߶Ȳһɣһ׵̨ھͿһ
˿̣Ҷɵ˵Ӱ֪ʱĳ˴˴
Ҷʦ֣еĻǱˣⶴҲ̫ˣÿ¾ҪʮͽʯʱҺǬ㻤Բȥ㡣Щʹ˵·ǻԼʯһ㡣
ɣǧŹ棬ôܶռһ䣿ǲˣⶴ㿴ƽǰԹˣʹн׷Ҳûнǽ˿ҶĿ˿˵˵
ԣǬ̾Ϣһҡͷһǰ꣬ǿʮʯڴĻֲ죬ҾͲ˷ʯˣ˵ɣٺ١
˵ͷǾȲˣȡճأϣ˷˳ͻƵڰ˲㣬ٺ١
һᣬǬˣ뿪˴˴ֻʣҶһˣ̨֮ϣ˫ĿŶ֮⡣
ʵȶǧκһʽӶһģλõĺûԶϷǶǱȽŨ°빦
ǾƫԶϡĵطٶȶҪۿ۵ˣӲûз䶴ĴֻãݾԶõļ۸Ҳǲȡ
ҶõģбȽͨһ䶴̫õʵЩܲ˵ҪæҶɾܾˣǷ̫롣
ֻʣ¶ʮʯˣǺǣԺҪ취ԼһЩҩЩˣ⼸öԪ鵤ͻ˻ʮʯҶɿЦĿеһֻɫƿ˵˵
ƿ֮ܹͻƿʵԪ鵤Ϊ˴˷ͻƿҶʵѪһѣʯӻһգǲףԼľҪߵͷˡ
ǿ϶˵ľӰ֮ǰԲھŲӦò̫ѵģֻһʱ䳤̵⡣
⣬ʱ䡣Ҫץˡ˵껰Ҷɵһ䣬৵һ£һöͮͮƣС
һ̣䵥һƺâһһɫϼϯ۵һû뵽˶ſڴ
ءһص졣
ڴƲһصʯյʵʵȴżҹ飬ų͵Ĺϼ
ƣҶɽƿԵ̨֮ϣ漴˫Ŀһգǿʼ


32 ɶ
ǧڴ֮ڣӰУһеƷ裬һʲôһǿϡ
ʦܣͽ½ƻûл𣿲ȥһǧ£ӻǧҪ˴¡˵˵
ԣǱµüͷһ壬˷ƶûʲô⣬ҶμӴ˴жƶʵԱûʲôġ
졮ɶţھŲ㼸ûʲô˲㣬ǸʹҲǲС
߲㣬ҲֻһЩڻˡ֪ѡʦֿǰźˣ
΢˼Ƭ̣̾Ϣ˼ӣ˾һЩӻµӣҲܼǧڵ̵ʧܶһŵĵӡ
ʯңݣǿƽ˾Ͳ;䣬Ҳֻ˵Եˡ
߲㣬ҶˣҲǲѡҶΪ߲㣬ʵս
ңǺӾ޷ľҲʮҲ޷
ʣһЩѡԺһһɣǧڵ档
ţҲãʦܾȻȥˣҪΪƶ׼һЩһҪڴ˷Źʡ³վ˼˵˼֮󣬱뿪˴

һ׵ĶڣһŰµ꣬һ̨֮ϡ
ɢ͵Ĺϼӣ·ʲô˹ؼʱ̡
Ƭ̺󣬾Щ⼴Щʱ䵥һһֻɫСƿСԪ鵤
ָһžһ죬ƿһֳСƿƿڷһ֮£ǽԪ鵤һԵ˽ȥ
Сƿһˢһ£ϼһʢڹһԸԵı֮һϢҲ߲Ķ塣
ˣĶͷҲ˶ĺ飬ȥЩӣüȴһɼı顣
˵ӰǱչ֮õҶɣһ̶Ⱥ󣬷ֲƺͻƿҶɱǽ׼õԪ鵤ȫɶ
ֹ˴£Ҳ֪ҩãҲ֪Ӱ£Ҷãڰ˲ƿƺѾ忪һڡ
һգдһҶĿϼԸԣڹһı֮
һ̣Ҷɾڷ·һբţĺˮ㲨죬ڿٵıѡ˵ȸоǳ졣
˫Ŀһзһ䣬ˢһ£ϼһſһɫںڵĻ֮
ţҶɵ۽һ䣬¶һϲЦݡ
˫ȭҶɱĿоӿķкȻһɺ顣
˫һٱ仯ಣĻŶڴȥ
˵Ȼ֪֮ǰǿ˶٣ǵϴζԵ֮ʱʩչȭͷСĻ
أ֮һƬâĴɽ̼ڶſڻΪһƬ𺣡
Ҳ֪˶ãһۼ󼸵ɢǵʯȴǰȻֻżƿ֮ɫһ˿ˡ
״Ҷϲûʲô֮ɫҲƻ˵ʯţЩҲûʲôȫˡ
ٺ٣ڵĻҲڿ׶ˣмּ򵥵ķֻû֮Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵
΢˼Ƭ̣ҡͷ̾ϢһҲûǰʱ䣬ķʲô֮ˡ
ǰʱЩ޸ĵҩǼ䰺󣬻д޸ʥ֮Ƶġʥ˵ЧҲǺ档ֻϧ۸ҶЩη
ĿǰʱȣҶʣµʱ䲻࣬ȲֻǿŪЩʯʯЩ鵤ҩ
ֻǽһЩ߼һˣֻſɻøĺôʵڲУ½ʦְæһЩʦֵܣһȥǧҶ˵˵
˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһգǱĿոͻƿҲҪúûָһӦڵķ
պҶɵΣһ侲֮ڣ⻹壬ǬԼˡ
ϲҶʦˣҾ˵˷ʦֱضɹġǬ΢΢һЦ˵ҲףһϽǴϲõЦݡ
ʦ֣˷æЩֵӣһȥǧܷһЩ߼񡣡ҶɺȻ˵һ䡣
ԣһ㶣һԥ֮ɫ˵֪ҶʦΪҪ߼ȱʯ߼ʲô
ʱڣ²ˡһΣյڵ㣬һܻŻõŽǱЩҪġ
ʲô֪ʲôΣգڵʦܣ˵꣬Ҷзһɻ


33 μ
˵ԼһΣյ飬ҶɲɻҲһɲĿŽ
״ҲɫһҶص˵ʦܣΪɶо֡
ɶʦϸ˵һ¡Ҷüͷһ˵
ʦܲʣҲ㽲һµģΪ˶ãҲ֪ͨʦģνɶǡĸ˽
ݽɶһյأλǧ򽣸󽻻֮ءȴֻһвһЩǿľۺޣʵʿ
ЩǿޣɶĴΧ֣Ҳܹøɰõӽԭ
˵ԼĸɶӦһϵţ֪ԭһսţȴһЩ޴һЩս֮һЩ
ö֮û˹֮£Щν޿ʼɢɱҲ𽥵ǿ󣬱һֻֻޡ
Ҳ֪ǰ˴˷֣һЩ֮֮£һ̽˵ǵõ˲ٵĺô
ϧǣһЩţ߽ʿУҲżܵûнȥΪǼܵأһЩǿĽƷţ˺ҲûдǼơ
漴Ĵնɱ˲پۺޣһ˼Сͽ뽨һЩͽ׵ķżһһЩ⹦
ЩΪŵ߽ףЩڴ˴Щϧ飬˹涨
˴ɶµӣΪר֮أҲ˲ûнɱ⣬ȴһЩеǵޣٸΧ֡
һЩĵӣֻҪǲ̫ɶǲ̫ΣգȴǱⲻ̰Ļɱ
ԣÿνеĸɵӣڵھŲʿͽܹҲʣɶѡ
ΪôµĴʣһЩɶŲӣ˭ҲԸȥðգʵǿưš
һٷ󣬽ŽɶĴʷ˽һ飬˵Ҷ˵üͷҲ
ô˵ȥǺΣգֻΧҲòʲôױֶԸҵΪ£ȥʮҲܳ
Ҷʦ֣ҿ㻹ǲҪȥˣýʦ顣ϾõļһСðЩֵáһص˵
ԣ˰֣Ҳô˵ǧڵĵӣֻҪԻųûɶõʲôôҲһĽ͡
ȻǱֳɫҲҲûпַܷģҲˣÿζһЩӣΣյԸ±ɶ
Ŷ˵ĻһЩԪֲյˣ϶ᱨμӵģ˵ĻҵҲԽȥһֳ֪ɫҶЩ˼˵
Ҷʦ֣ʱҪˣҵȴѵ껪غЩͷȽϵġǬЩǵ˵
ǰѾ㣬һҪϾδʱǣʵڲȥҿԺҸ˵һ£Ȼұ֤һС
һøȡϾΣ̫ڱֳɫȻǽõıϽţҪܻͻ£ȡߣȡһЩϧҩõӦĽ֣ص˵
ҡҡͷҶЩɬ֮⣬лʦַģѾ˷ɶһμӵġ˵꣬Ҷһļ֮ɫ
֪ҶȻᣬʣµ»һͷʲôģܲҲļҲȥǧ
ɶᵹǲֻҪΧҸطñ˷֣ʱٳҲ̫Σա
˵Լ貽һЩ߲׷ԼҲһ׵£˵ܵʲôҲòϾʱ򣬻һЩɽġ
ȻҶģöĽʱȡһЩƾĵҩֻо޸ɹԼдϣ
Ҷɲһʱ嶯΢΢˵ͷ˵Ȼʦܼ֣ҲͲȰ˵ʲôˣֻϣʱʦܿƽɡ
ˣ⼸һøŪһЩʱ͸ʦܷ֮á˵꣬Ҷɵļ
ԣҶɳûоܾʲôϾΣʱ򣬱Ҫġ
ãʦڴлˡҶɹ˵
ٺ٣ʦҾͲؿˣҽʦܾģСæ㲻ʲôˣҲȺú׼һ£ͻȥҸס˵꣬վ˻׼䣬ת뿪˾ҡ


34 ɱ¾ĺŽ
һºǧڱԵ֮أһɽһɽ弰ۣɽĵײһСڶڡһɹ޵ĽƲһͲܹ֮ء
ܣվжʮ׵Ůػܲ͸磬һֻҲȥУĴֱػ˴˴ⱻ˽С
˵أɶ
ɶԶһͰɽϣһʿվϣͷ֮һߣĿ飬׷룬ǧڿϡ³䲢Ŷڡ
ִ£ԬִҲУ˽ɫȻһ֣֮ɫ
һǧڵӣվڼִ󣬴ʮˣǰŵһòӢ꣬Ҷǧ½ʦ֣ߵļ˶һν֮ɫ
һЩӣͲôȻˣеһȻ֮ɫеЩŵӣֻܱסһȡ
ŵһŰ£ƤԺڣޱĿɶڣҲ֪ЩʲôȥۣˣҶɡҲԡ
ǧ˸ӭ֮˽ԲĴʿֻ̤߽׵Ĵڡ
һŰ£֮һߣ˱һ߳򽣸֮ˡ
һװ⣬СһҲûʲôΣվһЩ˻˽ʲô֮һ׶󺺣ɢ޾ۼңȡ
һȽ⣬˶Ůޣһȥ֮Ļһ˫񣬿ȥƺ޷԰Σ񶼱еӡ˷Ʈڡ
ķ׵ĴڣҲ֪ռݶԴķҲһЩСĦһ㲻ᷢģս
ȻҶѾˣǱ򿪽ƣõǽȥɣϷҲö˵
һɶųͻԹȫ޹أԿԵı£ÿһִҲò롣
ʱɶرգʱһǰŵ涼ʾʱûɶٴιرգʮٴο򽣸˵˵
Ѧϣ¾Ͳ˵ˣشҶڵҲףǻǿЩ򿪽ƣǽȥɡʱңȵ׶󺺺ٺһЦ˵
һߣѦϵЩмӣЩң׶󺺣ȴû˵ʲôһ˦ವһ£һ⼤ڰջΪһöκɫơ
ৣϼһ֮ˣҲǸԷųһöͬƣĵƸһ֣һ۶ȥͬһ㡣
˵һ̼䣬һ֮ɫķƣ˰գ֮˸Դһɫ΢΢һ
ۣһɫϼһ֮£Ǵڶڼصĺϡ
ءһ
һĻˣԭޱȵĶڣȴǿʼŤųϼһṦһʵɽ˵Щģȴǰǰ֮ɫ
ķһΪģһ֮£ֱû˼֮˵С
ˣȻѾ򿪣ҶȥɣסŵĽԶС¡֣ص˵漴񻺻ɨڵǰļˡ
ԣǧһɵӵ˵ͷ漴ɶȥӣҲɫһӿ롣

һƬŵɽϣӰӶڽšɶڡ
һתǰİ˵زʶұƴƴǱЩȥ֮ˣ
ߣȶ֣Ҳ㡣˵꣬Щںӡ
ŶһȻ뿪ȥѰұʱٶҲ٣Σ˵˵
ԣ΢˼Ƭ̣ͷãһһ䣬ϼһ漴ɶ
꽫𣬸Ҫת뿪Ȼɫһ䣬Ǻ꾹ûԼһźꡣ
ߺߣ㻹Ϊ㲻ɣʤΪɣЦ˵˿ǰֿ֮
ʱȻŭɫһ漴һһ߳ϼһವһ
أһ졣
ײһƺǽһ̣Ű굥߳Ȼâһһɫ⽣һź꼤ȥ
ٶ֮죬Ǻշֲԣֹ֮ʱȴֻ֮۵һ죬ɫ⽣ûͷ­֮ڡ
߶δһϴŲ֮ɫ漴һˤ˵ϣǽзһգһ˹ȥʬ𼣡
ߣң֮˹Ȼ࣬ȳ֮ˣ๼˵꣬һתĳȥ

һƽԭϣԳֶбһĿϼһ˻ɫǹһѳص䵶ʱײһ
һŻɫһЦ֮ɫߣҷ൱벻ָⷨ㻺˼ȥ㷨ݽߣҿʲô
ԣһɫһƤԺڣòͨҲЩľګɫȴЩ԰ףȻЩ֧˵ӰˣҶɡ


35 
ɶڣҶһ궷ʱãҶɵķָЩ֧
أһ죡
ɫǹǰ䵶ײһһƬѤõĹϼƬ̣ǻɫǹЩϼ
ʱҶ˫Ŀһִ̧һºȻâһţڵһҶɵʧ
һ̣ɫһ䣬ֻһģӰԾ֮£ǳԼǰԼһâ
ʲôٶȾȻ죿˵˵ȴûţһ֮£һСܳǰӭ籩֮£ǻΪһߵӡ
ءһ
һɫһնɫ֮ϣһƬϼ΢΢һɫܱǰȻ
״ҶɺȻһƵһ䱳ȥأڳոմ̳ʱɫȴǹĳ󣬵סҶɵԪ⽣
ߣӦͦ죬˺ȥҿҪݽˡ˵껰Ҷ˫ΧŻתҲʱĴ̳һÿһζģ׵ĵֵ
ʱҶҲЩ귴Ӧ죬Щ죬ƺһ㡣
뵽Ҷ˫ĿһУٶȾٴμӿ˼֣Ļʵ겢ûʲô֮ɫ
ߣķѷغܿͻᵹµģҵܣֱ룬˵꣬Ц·ѾҶɵڵϣ׸һĻ
৵һ£ȻҶһ٣ţɫһ㣬ҲͣҶɵǰ˿̵Ҷɣɫ԰ףһϢҲǼֱһ
״ɫһЦߣڼֲס˰ɣҲߵͷ
ۡһĻû˵꣬һѴѪĽ⣬ǰ͸Ѫ˳
ɫһף˼ĿԼǰĽ⣬૵ѷƵ㾫׼ѵ㡭û˵ꡣ
࡯һһѪ漴̱ĵ˵ϣ˫ĿŨŨľ֮ɫȴʧȥĹʡ
ͨҶҲ˿һƨ˵ϣڴڵĴŴϴſ֮ɫ
ָ̫ʵıײԽԽԣ貽ٶģԷߣԼʹʶ֮ĸӦƿԪ⽣λý͵Ϯ޷սʤ˵ġҶ˵꣬Щµӡ
˵лһЩ򲻵ѵ£ҶɻǲʹõģǱϾʵ
ҶģԲƴǱϾԷԼһڰ˲㡣
ҶɽĿתɫƣҶ̧һ㣬ˢһϼһɫСΪƴСӡһģҶɵС
󣬽ĴҶָһಣСŻһȥ
ţҶδվΣԶԾȥ˴ɲǻָĵط˵һʲôˡ
Ծ֮£ҶɵӰʧ˴˴˸һƬ֮С

ĳƬһ꣬һ߳ʹһɫשȵĶһŮǱĺΡ
ס֣򽣸λʦ֣ԩ޳𣬺αƣСŮԸźʦ֣ʦֹŮ֮ֻŹСŮһʱŮҧҧ촽ͷ֮ʣҲ˲֮˵
ԣɫһâһЦŶҲãһ𽫷
ʦ̫ˣհɡŮĵ˵ͷԼһź롣
΢ԥƬ̣һ˵ͷ漴ɫשŮҲ˷Ŷꡣ
ţŮһȹˢһȹ䣬һ㱡ɴŮģ֫һŤˮ֣߰ϳ죬˫Ŀ룬ȥ
񼤵򷢸ɵ촽ŹŮȥȴǲۼһ˿âϣҲ´Ů侲뵽

һƬڣһͨĴϣŨ֦ܵҶ趯ڱܵߣŨ֦Ҷڵм䣬һɫӰϣʲô
߽׷ܣٺ٣һķ˵꣬˫ĿĶеɫСܣϿ̻ĺɫС֡
꣬ǻָ˷֮󣬲鿴սƷҶɡ
ܣҲǻеõģ˶ܺʹҲȷһջ񡣴˶ǵķһͬĹƿ
˵أ˶һע뷨ʩչֻ۶ٶж죬֣ܶ赲跨˿ǰķѾ
ҶܹɱҲֻҶɵĻҶɽ赲ȴ޷ķԪ⽣
һûʶֵ֮ģսԻżģû뵽Ҷȴһࡣ
ҶЩ˷ܵܣʹ֮Ҳ֪˶ãȻüͷһ壬ս͸Ũ֦ܵҶŴ·ȥ
ʱһŵɫȹŮҶɵ֮УЩңմȾһ˿˿Ѫͷ֮ϣԼһź롣


36 
Ůߵּ䣬Ĵ˿漴һЦ˵ߣ򽣸ҲˣȴҲǵͽӡ
Ϊҿҵɱ𣿵ȴɫѬģҺϻ֮󣬱Ʈڵġ֮ȡԪضȫޣܷŹ㣿
˵껰Ůƺɱ˵ĿУ¶һ˿̵Цݣǻǰ򽣸Ӻϻʱĵ
ŮǣȻĺԺҪСһЩˡϵҶɽ˻Уɵһ֣ǧͬᡣ
Ҷļǵãᵱֻĺڱ׽ŪŻǸСӣºװһ޹ԼܾǵĶ飬⵽﹥֮ҶҲڿἸ䡣ӶԷҲǻˡ
ףҶ˼ʱŮɻ̧ͷ˿Ҷڵǿô漴üһ塣
৵һͬʱһɫӰԾ֮£ּ䣬Ů֮һ㶣漴˫Ŀų⣬˿ڿˮ
˲㣿״ŮаһոնãԷѣԼ»Щ鷳
һԷһļŮĵһ˿ЦûʲôˣֻҪƸһǱⲻ˵ġ˶ԷԪԼΪҲЩôġ
λӣƮ֮ˣң˵꣬˴֣򷢸ɵ촽ɫԵĿŶŮ
һĽЦŮ֫һŤȥϴһƬ죬֮
ʦ֣˫ˣʦֹȻһ˲ţΪڣ˫ֱһġεε˵ţŮвۼһ˿âһߵǰ
ԣһͦҡͷ˫̫佱ˣ¶˫һ鰡ɣҵ˶
Щ˵ţһѽŮ§˻дŴһЩȵӡ
ҶһĻ̾ϢһһŮɫϵʿҶȴ˿ûгȵ˼ϾԼû˿ϵڵҶɣù¡
Ůƾ˫ħԼζҼΪϵķһߣкԽԽŨһ̵Ļȡ
ۡһ
Ȼһһ߶೤ذףزŮؿڣѪ翪բȪӿȾȹʱ˵һԣһϷ֮ɫĿŮ
Ůؿڣһ֮ɫг˾ʣ
ߣˣΪʲôˣʹĻ᣿һЦ˵ֻ꣬ͨһŮĵ˵ϣͬķȴǵõ˲һĽ֣ʼֳĺɫ飬ʵĴŮĿ
ذװγŮϲ˲ذף漴ɫһ˿ҶڵǿôЦλѿãѵ𣿡
ϵҶԣһԼûзκԶľ룬ᷢԼģҶɲɻ
ߣȻ²ֻԶˡ˵껰˫ಣʮöı׶
꣬Ҷϣһϸ֦۶ϵ䣬ʣ˱ͺͺҹһ㺮˪ɡ
ͬʱµ֮ϣһŰ£ƤԺڣľګ꣬˫ĿĶǶ׶Ҷɡ
˵ʵĲŮҶɺ⣬˶ŮɫģǱı飬˵ɱ
ȻʼװǸҲһ˼ܣıԽ쳣ˣΪڵڰ˲㶥塣
˵ң֮˸׺ޱȣʵǿ˵˻ǲҪͻĺãԼ˶Էɱˣⲻɱڵ˼
Ŷ˶ϣٺ١ʱһȻ˵ɫ˵
ԣҶüͷһ壬ɻŶ²ȷҴϵģЩɻǣ㾿ҵģ
ٺ٣ûзģֻǼƮŮӣҸճֵʱ򣬿һڵǿŴʱҾͻͬŶϡ
Ҳ˻֮ƣȽȥڿǷˣȻϣ˴ϵģǣ㲻ͬһޡ˼Ҷɣ˵˵
ŶǸô죿ɱ𣿡Ҷ˵꣬ʶ֮һŶʱ׼ŷԷͻȻ͵Ϯ
ȻѾµˣҲˣȪ·ϣҲһģٺ١˵꣬һ۵ϵĻȺŮ
⻹ûɶҶɱǾ˵ڶֲý˵ʺܵ͵ģҶ˵ٶ࣬ԷҲŹԼԣս޷ˡ
ȻˣҶֱӷųн׷ɫǹڰһ֮£ͷһնȥ


 


37 նɱ
ջɫǹԼһһѰ׻λεذһŻɫǹӭȥ
ءһ
ɫذ׹ϼһ볤ǹײһȴδһۣһҶɴȥ
ٶ֮죬ֻһӰǲҶɵ貽϶ٵӣӦҲʲô
ãҲ֮״Ҷһ˵˿Լ貽ٶȡʤȻǲ̫ʵˡ
Ȼʱ޷սʤԷʱһԼʿ¾ΣˣֻǻЩֶΣҶ˼֮䣬ֻһâԶ
״Ҷɼæһ̧֣ವһһâһӭ籩֮£ǻΪһҵɫƣȵĵҶɵǰ
ءһ
ͬһʱ䣬һͬذףһնɫ֮ϣâһưȻ
ţɫһģ֮£ǳҶɵ󣬽ظǵӰûжҶɳֵĻᡣ
״Ҷ˿ƹȻֻҪǹעϼصĲٿܱ֮Ӱƶͣ
ৣɫƺȻٵΧҶתȻûҵֵĻᣬʹҶʼʹõķٶΧҶѰ
ܣȻûʲôЧģ˿̵ҶɣȴǳһŻɵķʱ΢Ĺϼ
ԽԽԼٶȶ죬ĶƣƤҩԼ޷ƶƵ
Լһķȴڼٵʧ֮ķѵķʵС뵽һ߿ٷɱţһߵһгһö͸롣
м͸ķ룬һ
һ̣䵥зϼһ漴ʧͬһʱ䣬ҶƺǾ쵽ʲô°âһವһʧ
ৣҶɸոʧɲǣһö͸ķһҶµĲӰ϶ԶҶȴɫһ䣬ֱ˲ƶٶȣ˷ʤԼʶǰظо˷Σա
ҶɾȻܹܶ룬еһɻľ룬ԼǺȻ֣ҶηֵģҶɾȻҲд˵ȿٵ
ɲ˼֮䣬ֻһӰԼ˷û˶ƵĵֵһذףһԾ֮ӭ˹ȥ
Ȼһâһ֮£ȻΪһųС򣬹ĳǰ
ãһĻɫһ䣬˵֮ľ룬޷׵ֵ
Ӧ죬һμٺˣһ߽ذǰһס
ءһ
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״æһ˦֣һĵǰǿŻصһϡ
һҽУ
һĽ漰˵ǿڵֵһһĵĺ˺üǰȼ档
һڵϷһʩչʲôǰâһһĻǰֶ漴滯Ϊ֮
ˢһ£һѳص䵶һŵϷնȥɫһ䣬һǿɫֵţһġ
صһ죬ոյֵн䵶ײ֮󣬱ǺȻһѶΪƬƬмɽ
ǳص䵶Ǻնͷ­£࡯һ촦˽Сĵˣ֮¾Ҳֿܵ˳ʱ䣬֪Ǻ˫ǿ˶١ջҶɵС
бԼĴ֮Ҷʬ𼣣һҶɼԾ֮£Զٴȥ

ʮһô׳Ĵһ࣬һЩֲ̦긽ϣÿʢĴ֮УȴһҶɵΣ֪ʱóС
˿̣ǰ˼ĸҶɵУһö͸ķ룬һ˼֮ɫİŪš
ҶؼŴöֲٶȣǸͨķУ˲ƶ߸ûпɱԡ
ٺ٣ٶȣټϴöĳ䲻⣬͵Ϯ֮¿νǾʶ֮ǰΣҶЩ˵˵
Щͬ˵Ҳһö߽׷ֵӦòһ׷ġֻǲʺΪսĹ෨
Ҷɵʵ飬öǼʶƣɸӾ׼ĽйԼһǿ̼κһط
Ψһȱ㣬оϵƣϾ˵Լʶ֮Ҷɶ޷άַ̫ԶĹ롣
֮Ҷ΢΢һЦ벻ýɶջ񣬺ٺ٣֪ĸУʲô˵꣬Ҷɱǿʼ


38 ս
ڣҶɱĿϥڴһϢҲǻָ۷壬ǰĴַȴʧ
ԭǰҶɽдһ飬һЩͽ׷پһЩĲϣԼƿԪ鵤ͻָĵҩ
żҩݣҶҲǲʶԺȥоõķóӦˣҲʣЩ
˷ǵõһʯ߰ٶ飬ⲻҶЩϲ
ȻҶɵĻö߽׷͸룬Լн׷һһذףƮŮ޵һηһ߳Ҷɼǵ򽣸ĵӺÿһѣӦŮնɱ򽣸ӵõġ
һС룬Ӧնɱ˵õսƷһУҶɵսƷ
˵˷ջΪʢԺȡ޸ĵҩһʱΨһǷȱģ취ΪһЩͣõɽ
ΧΣգصΣķΪܹתֻʮԪĽֻһˡҶ˵꣬ǲԥʲô֮ȥ

ɶĵشһ渽ʮθӰվܣһüͷһ˼ӡ
λȻķ˴˴ƣеĺôӦһ䣬Ļ֪ʲôҾҪʼɱˡһŰ£󱳽꣬˵˵װӦ򽣸ĵӡ
ȻˣǾȺһ£ֽƴ򿪣鿴ʲôоİ취ΣһĴ󺺣˵˵Ӧңȵʿ
ԣĬĬĵ˵ͷЩ˼Ϊ͵ģҲ˲ΪһɫȻĬʱ֡
໺һŭ
أһҡΣһֻһɶߣĽ׳İɫŷֵ壬һ
ÿһضһҡΣͷϵľһ˫ɫ̽ǣɢһ͵Ĺϼֲľ޿ź֮䣬³һɫ
ãۺ󣿡ʱڷӦȺдһ󾪺
ô죿սǶ㣿һŮ˿Եļˣ˵ʵ
˵򽣸ӣ˫üһߣΪ˴˴еı뿪
һֻۺޣҵˣѵ˲ɣ˵꣬һ˦һ⼤
˼״Ҳû֮⣬ֻɫصĸԷųŰɫȥ

һɽһ࣬߰˵ӰΧŰµ꣬һϼϯźձһ졣
ϣľʬ壬˵ϣȥϢȫޡгŨŨѪ֮

һƬ֮УһɫӰǰţܣϵĵѪƺ֤˸ովһս˲ΪһֻҪ̫̰ģԱûʲôġ
Ȼǰâһţһͷ­׵Ĺ£촦ûһ˿־壬һֱĴĽ֮⡣
ӣһֱ궼û˿׼һĻݲãһ䶯һģӰһһѷĹС
һźµ꣬һЦ֮ɫĿŵڵϵʬ壬һЦĻȡ
һ̧̣ǰժһöɷŵ⡣
ٺ٣򽣸Ǻңöʵֻϧ޷ʿʶ鿴
Ҳ޷Ȼǧ˲ĵױնɱضһھŲʿ޷͵Ϯ֣ҲԽشģٺ١˿еĻɫ΢Ц˵
з𣬺ߵʬһԣŪһᣬק˳ֵ˵ߣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ٺ٣ȼһսƷȻٵȴ䵥ĸ򣡡˵껰һԶ˹ȥ

һƬɽȱԵһŰ£ƤԺڣЩľګ꣬ȻһһԾˣҶɡ
ͷ˿ɽ֮УҶ΢΢һЦʶ֮ǰоڴ򶷣ԴɽһĹľ˳
˷ɶԲժҩΪϾһЩҩҲǿԻȡġҶ˵꣬ǳĳȥ
պҶɸոշһ꣬·һƬԭȥǰ˵ǺŨȴҲӰ˴ߣµʿǼΣյġ
Ҷƺû̫⣬˫ĿһգʶһŶ΢ӦƬ֮󣬱֮д˹ȥ


39 ⷢ
֮УҶɵڽĴţڵӲʱڴ˵Σķĵطǲ˿Ĵ⡣
պ󣬸ոճԹҶ΢Ϣһ֮󣬱Ǽ·Сӣȴһֱעܡ
һɫһ䶯ƺǻΪ״һ㣬źķԵü졣
һգǰеҶɺȻһ٣оâһ΢˼Ƭָ̣ⲻۼһ˿΢ĺĹ⣬漴µļ·
Ҳ֪˶ãյܼžҶȻ֪ƣǰš
৵һ£ȻҶ°âһκ׵һ༱ٴȥֻһӰ
ͬʱһĨȻ֣ǰҶվλöԼ俴һѷĹг˰ա
ʲôȻܶû˵꣬бǴһҽУһ˿Ѫʶ
৵һ£âһһźµȻ¶Σһ˼ĿԶҶɡ
ǣü֮䣬ʳ˿˿ѪԼһö͸ķûڣдŨŨľ֮⡣
ͨһ
ţһ˵ϣʧȥĹʣϹŨŨĲ֮ɫֱһ̣ûһġ
ҶɿһУûжʶ֮һδεɨΣûʲô쳣֮󣬲Сźȥ
ףҶЩɻӣźǰöⰵķժв鿴š
ʲô˵껰ҶɽעУ漴Լǰ
ҶЩһĻˣɲǣԼģ漴͸ʧͬڿջӵЧࡣ
ٺ٣ϧ޷ʹüˣдһԵù֮漴Ҷ¶Σ
ԭҶǷ˴ˣ˵ʶ֮ȴǽԷľٶӦһֻǶԷûҶҲû
ҶȴȻյõ͸˳ȥĵǱǺ긽ֱ궯նɱҶɵһɲǣ͸˲䷢˹
ҶΪһֱעŶԷ׵رǶ˹ȥԱ˵һжСҶһԾԶ

һŨܵĹľУʿŷͣȥ֮һƲᣬֻʱ⡣òӦǧڵһӡ
˲Զһ޵Ļ䣬ϽһĹʵ΢Ĺϼһ㲻Ƿ
һŰµ꣬һ߳һķƵûˣһŵҩ֮󣬷һʢǿֵ
״һִ̧һ˵һ߳ϼһһĽιӰ߳м
ٶ֮죬ֻһ֮£۵һûؿڣѪһӿֱʤ
ڹ⽣ɱɲǣǰϵЦʧͷһ˿΢ĺĹ⣬һö͸벻֪ʱûڣѪ
ͨͨ
죬˵һǰһĵ˵ϣֻϹһ˿֮⣬꣬Щ֮ɫ
һṦԶܳһɫӰȥһƤԺڵ꣬Щľګ֮ɫòͨ
˸˿öֲֿ꣬˿ϽöʵɵһЦ˴ӦÿԻȡˣ˵֮ˣҶɡ
ԼôһٷҶ뿪˴˵أ˴ҲǱÿտյöֲʧǶ˵ķʬ壬ʧӰ١

ɶĵشһƬƽԭϣһҰܵ¥ɢŽƲһŰµ꣬վڽſڴϸĴΧһС
Ʊƿˣ˽ȥˣҲգȥǷʲô©֮ɡԱϣҶһûС
ڿռ䲢Ǻܴǽڹ˻ҳܰżľΣʯپǽϵһС֮֡һ
ҶЩС֣ǳҳѱȥѲ鿴ˣûʲô֮ϼصĲһЩڿھԼĵá
ܹˣҲ˲ʿŲ㣬жĵӣںЩҶɶûж࿴һۡתŶ¥ȥ
ףҶתɲǣʶһȻоЩֵм䣬мСֺĸо̫һ


40 лӰ
ҶɶԼʶ֮оһǽС쳣֮󣬱ǼæߵǽǰָǼоС֣ȥȴû˿
о˰죬ҲûзʲôȻ֮£ҶֱȡԪ⽣ֱǼСնȥ
أһ졣
Ǵǽֻһ׺ۣ˷ıûнǽնⲻҶЩ
һ̣䷨ת֮£עԪ⽣৵һâһԪ⽣һ
ۣһ졣
Ԫ⽣һ±Ǵǽ֮ڣ֮󣬶һ·ʲôӲһ㣬޷ֺ
״ҶɰγһµĽЩСִǽ¶һףԼ䣬һɫԲͲ˶֮ڣ·Ƕǽ֮ڡ
ٴλ˼ɫԲͲƺЩɶҶ𳤽̽ǽڶ֮ڣɫԲͲ˳
˴ĳһһϸרżһЩϢǹͨĸ߼֮ƽټ
öҲ֪ǺβʣԪ⽣޷նƷֺҶо˰ΣȴһֶûУѵԼ˰쾢Ūôһ飿
ⲻҶЩһöհ滹ûм¼ʲôȻˣصأЩһ١
ףԣǵǰʶ֮ŷִ˴쳣ģѵǣһ٣ҶʶһŶһֶ롣
Ƭ̺ҶɫһϲȻֻʶ֮鿴ٺ١˵꣬ҶɱǼ鿴
лӰӺһַǱȷ߼ģӦһͨʶһգҶ־ϲ˵ظо˴ͨĲ֮
ףǺˣʱģõʲôҶڴöеʱ򣬶¥ȻһӰһϮƾɵĳ
ãǰ̫Ͷ룬Ȼûע⵽ˡҶһ뵽漴սһصĿԼĳꡣһ˲㡣
֪λкιɣʶ𣿡Ҷɫ˵ȴǰзŶԷͻȻ֣ͬʱ֮Уһ˿΢ĺĹ⡣
ԣüͷһ壬Цٺ٣ϻ˵콫ǽõĶĻһ٣һɫһؿҶɡ
¿ң֮ˣҶɫһʵ
ôһ޹ʹĻ겻üͷһ壬Щͷĵ˵ͷߵٲ㽻ұĶˡ
ҲҪĴߣʵ㣬滹кüλңȵĸ֡˵꣬˫ĿһеĿҶɡ
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶٴνȡޱУų껺ȥ
ǰ꣬һľګ񣬳겻Ŀö֮ϣ۽⣬עҶɵһһͻʡ
ֻһöͨĿհˣԼҶ˵꣬˹ȥ
˳Ľӹ¶һ֮ɫһҶɾЩľګ壬ҲС
ߣʶ࣬ˡ˵꣬겢ûмŲ鿴һֱҶɣֱҶתſȥų˿
˿̣ҶɺȻתȡʲô׼֣ԼҲԴӦԣ뵽ͷ˿о
ۣһ죡
ͷһѪ˿Լ䣬һö͸ûü֮䣬ȴһ˼֮ɫǶ˶ֻ˹̱֮ĵ˵ϡ
ͬʱҶɼתеսֽĴ漴һУವһһöմȾ˿˿Ѫ͸룬Գͷ漴Ҷɵϡ
ϼһ͸΢΢һѪʧ漴ҶһУҶվС۵һ˳ϡ
ҶΪʬ𼣣©ʱ򣬶¥ȻһӰĸߴһ׶֮࣬ȥʮ꣬һڵھŲΪ
տһ¥δȼʬ壬ٿ˿ҶɣȻüͷһ壬漴ɨһ¥ܣͣǽϵĶףһ˼֮ɫ
ǺˣңղſǱɱˣ׶꿴˿Ҷɣ˵ʵ
ԣҶɫһûзϵĵ˵ͷϾʵǰţƱǸܵ顣
ٺ٣ǾͺãȻˣңֻΪңе˱ѩˡ˵껰ԳҵһϢһţܴһһǿƥļơ
ǧڵӣǰͬȶ֣ҪеһɱҲǲΪΪ֮
ϣǷǣҪһʱ嶯˵껰Ҷɱǲҷ˿Ŀ׶ꡣ
ߣСӡϻ׼ɱɡԱϣ׶̧һ˦ˢһ£һɫ߽׷ǹһĳ˰ա
һλھŲ㣬Զս͸ҲʧȥƣֱĻҶȷʵûʲôܹսʤˡⲻҶɫ


41 ֶ
׶׼֣ҶɸҪжֻ¥һȣţһŲ
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⣬Ҷɻ򽣸Լңȵˡ
ңô£ʱһңȵİ꣬ʵ
ԣǿ˿ǽϵĶף漴һҶɣߵǴˣңȵ˻ɱ˴˴Ҹһʱ򣬸պÿ˴˻ʬ𼣡
ҿǽڵСϼ֮ˣƺҲǷʲô
Ŷλѣ˵Ǽڴ˴ǲһĽҵȿ޷㰲Ȼ뿪ˡɫһ˵漴˿Ҷɡ
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Ҷɴ˿̵Щǰ٣ԼҲҸ취·ڴˣܲöͬԼܵġ
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ʵﵽڣҵǲֿУ¶ҪڴˡǰѾ򽣸ˡ
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ԣϽһ䣬ЩɲӣͨۺޣöԸһЩڵޣɲܹ׵ֿġ
ҶҲһ֮ɫ˫ս֮УԼһЩߵϣһֻۺޣҶɿûʲôģܹħѡ
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ʱʮʽϼڽһļϯƿ֮Żɫʨȥ


42 
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43 
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뵽Ҷɫһʦ˵õʲô½ʦҲǲŵģʦȷʵҪлʦֵΪҽΧġ
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ʦֻǿǽϵЩ⣬ܷȡоһ£ɱңȵ˿ʵǹ鷳ʦܵıˡ
˵ԼûüףصʲôҶɿصأÿ϶һĶԴ⣬κˡ
½ҶɵĻоâһ漴ǻָ΢ЦŶʦ˵ɾЩʵˣʦġ
ҲգȻʦܲԸ˵Ҳǿ㣬ϢһǱ߸·ɣֻޡ˵꣬½Ʊ˫ĿһգϢ
Ҷɼ״ҲֻǰΣʶ֮ʱţ޵ĳ֣ȻҲڷǿƺԼ½ʦ֡

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ԵУ֮ҲûѯʲôҲʲô飬ɮ붨Ŀš
ಣӰɶһңҵˣֻǿȥǱ֮һ֮󣬱ңȶ˹ȥ
˷ǾһЩ˶޳ɢҲ֪˭ܻų˵꣬ҡҡͷ

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½ƵĻҶɲһ⣬Լڵʵ޷ƿģɵҶЩ


44 ܾ
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״ҶҲǷ˶½ƵĹԼʵ޷ƿǵ⣬֮£ֻרĵĵֵ½Ƶľ̡
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ಡһ
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ء
ۡ½Ƶոˤ棬ɫһ׵ĿһѪһ֣ŵĿǿֲľ޴ӣֿ˿Զ̱ڵҶɡ
úúãȻһˣҿڣվûˡߣҿ㻹ʲôɲҪϡ˵꣬½ɫһкεһ˿âҶɼ״Ҳɫһ䡣


45 һ
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⾿ʲôԲһķѵǣ˻һ½Ʋ˿ڿˮԼĻһ
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鱦֮ʹʱſɽһʩչɽϺӣ޹⣬ɫ䡣
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46 
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պֻ򽣸ĵ˳ֵ֮ãɶȴǱðһӰûг֡
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ԣƮһװ޵Ůüһ壬Ҫ˵ңȵһȴҡҡͷڵٺ٣ѣ򽣸ļҪӶˣ㵱Ȼżǻкöûġ
΢΢һЦɽѣ򽣸ҲûȫģȻҪȣűˡ
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˴˻˵ǳûзʲôֻʣ⼸죬ŵ˸óģȷͳˣЩлмĵûгǲȴգȷЩġ
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պ󣬾ϣԼ򽣸ߣƮңȴͷ֮󣬾رɶϾѾգʵڲټȴȥˡ
ɶڣ׼رյʱವһһãɫ԰ףЩľګ꣬һĵ˳
ףǧڵСһٺ٣ϲˣϡһװ޵Ů΢΢һЦ˵˵
ٺ٣һϲĶѣ˲㣬ӾҲأԺҲûʲôչġң׶һЦ˵
ԣޱ飬ΣҲǧڵһӣٺ١ˣȰѽƿرɶɡ˵껰˿ʼ
ˣҶɣԸоԼĳƺпޣ˵ˣǧϣƺҲûΪԼܹӳе˿ˡ
ҶĸоԼһֵʱ³һϲԼ֮󣬲ɵһʧ֮ɫԬִҲûԼ˵ʲôҶǧڶ鵱Уϥ
Ҳգû˹עԼãҲҶɵ͵Ը
ʱֻɶڳ˵һϼһ֮һָ֮ǰӣܻڴػ˶ڴ
ķͷ֮˼˼䣬漴ǸԴµӣʹŷзԼŷжȥ
˴ٴιƽֻɶƯѪζƺ֤ţһҵɱŸոս

һºҶɵӰԵĳ˶֮У˫ĿԶһ˼֮ɫ
ǰջصţǧڴ˷ľӣѯһ޷ûмԼͬţûͬŵΪûгȵȡ
ҶýЩֱ˵ˣԼһֱΧһֻ׷ӽĵش½Ƶ˻ϵһ𣬵׼ظʱȴǱһֻ߽޳ɢҶ貽˳һ֪
ܱŲţ벻½ԼУҶɽǿڹľʿƤ齻ȥǻһöⲻҶ˷ܲѡΪ˷ð˵һֵõġϾɲﶼõġ
ҶҲĸоһЩִµˣԼӶҲڴ˷ˣֻһ߲˳߲ƺûЩ˵ƺֻŲĺĵӡ
ип̾ϢһҶɲҡҡͷǽţûһʵҲõκεӡ
Ҳգȿ½Ƶϣ׶ʲô׼һ£͸ȥһЩ޸鵤ȻʼŬˡһֻʮˣҶɣһҪ˼˵꣬Ҷɵϱޱȼ


47 ջķ
ǧĳ֮ڣҶɵӰһ̨֮ϣһһ˼֮ɫ
ɶ˺ü죬ҶɲŻָһЩļ뿪ɶֻǽ½ƵĴ𣬲ûü鿴ǻʬ𼣣ɶڸȥ
ʵǻ˱ˣͻָĲˣֻҶɵʻָ̫ڵһʱ䣬ɶͽرˡֻܱڴ˴ˡ
һΣպȣҶΪֵˣΨһеҶܴģԼΪٶȣɶһ֮ͬˣսΪѲ
ڶٶȵ½ˣ˵ʵս֮УҲͻʤܵĹؼ˶ҶɲСѹӶ޷ӵ
Ժ󣬲貽ˣ֮ڶ࣬˵Ҳġ˵껰ҶʶһǼ½ƵĴ
ķ߰˼֮࣬еնɱ˵õģ߽׷һЩӰ˵Ĳϣ׼󷨣мֲ꣬Ҷɵע
⼸ֲ꣬ãǿԻȡģҶЩϲ㲻ȥҲüǮʱȡ޸ʥ
УҶϲǼһٶȵķзһŻԹ࣬Լһ
³Ϻ½ӵģϧöˣڤɻ꽣һǻٵˣףһ٣ҶɷļֻСƿһӨӨƿȻдС֡
״ҶһâһһֻӨӨСƿУ䵥һһƿһ
һɼŨҩ㣬Ʈɢ֮УһڣҶɱǸоһƣ֮жʱʧ
ƿźҴСĺͮͮԲҩҶɵߵУһȦȦйɵϣȥЩصӡ
벻½ƾȻҶ˫ĿЩȵ˵һһܹάԼף벻ţҲԣ³϶½Ƶӳ̶ȣΪӸҲʲô֮¡
ôһ֮ϲҶ˷ܲѣε¶Цݣ֮ǰڿﻻȡһţԼУġ
ѹѹĵ׵ļҶɸϿ콫һ䣬ٴȡ˼漴鿴
ֱչҶɲŽ˷ɶеջ񣬴ŵͳһ£жʮֲʮ֣ףҩֲʮ꣬ʮţָֻ˵ĵҩʮƿԪ鵤Ҳʮţʯһǧٶ顣
дҶЩϲ⣬벻Щ˸۲ƣöණԼһүʯûУֱҶ޵ĳ嶯
£Ӧ㹻ȡƾʥˣٺ١Ҷһ˵оԼͬһСƱһ㣬ǼʥԼ֪Щʯʲôá
ѡҶֻļԼʵõĶȫǸ߽׷һǶ߶೤İɫУһ½ʹùḷ֮̌ǰʹùӰ롣
ͼ߽ţֱУԼࡣ˵ϡСƷÿһƷָƷΪ͡Сס
ҶЩƷʦƳģƷʦʱҲᳬӣƳԽ߽׵ִﲻƷһ֮ΪƷƷͽףʦһкܴĻΪƷʦ
ȻҶҲףһ½Ƶһμ棬ɱɫԱùǽн׷󷨣һǷ͵ġ󡯣Ǹ߽׷
ʮƿҩҶҲֻƿһЩƷ̫͵ĵҩڵҶҲûʲôã׼ˡ
ҩһΪԪɼ֣Ԫҩ߸Ʒף־ŸƷףɼҩʮƷס
һЩĻָ˵ĵҩԼԪ鵤߲ԪƷµĵҩҶֻʮŻָ˵ƷҩԼʮͻƿԪ鵤
ǿԪҩһֽߣﵽԪƷϵҩʦſƳԪƷ
Ȼȸ߽׵ҩʦƽʱټǶǸ£ĴڣܹΪԼƳǿܹڴʿһŶʢչĹؼ
ܹƳģҲһƷҩʦɹʴﵽٷ֮ʮϣϺϸƷҩʦʧԽҲʹ˷ϣݱԴѷĲԽԽ٣Żϡȱ
һ˼·Ҷɽ׼۵Ʒͳһװһ𣬶ҶɵУǳһɫԲͲɶǽ֮ڣõ


48 ż
лӰԭһּΪĶֻϧ޷ʶջأҶЩϧ˵
ҹĲҶɽмصͨ˸ţʼʱһ˷֮ɫȴЩ
ݼأ˹̹һıͨ߾磬ƾ٣ǼԴﵽ˲Ƶٶȡһ֮£οԳһʶԸӦĵطƿֲ
ߵҪΪ̣ҪﵽڲſԼʶ֮Ҫĸߡﵽ֮٣߾ߣǷëǵĴڡ
ǿͨҶֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ˵ǰ벿ֲһ㣬ڸﲻлӰͺñζǰţˮֱȴ޷ܣⲻҶɶԽ׸Ӽ
ȳȥѰ޸ĵҩɣ޷޸һжǿ̸ֻʣ£ʮˣ̾ϢһҶɸоʱĽȡ
պҶƷ뿪˶ʯصһ

ʦܣǧҪ嶯ɶʱ˵죬Թκ˵ġǧڴڣüͷ΢Ȱ˵š
ԣһɫһʦ֣ұǧڵţҪȥ˷ɶȫˣѯһ
ƶ޻֮УϷ򲻹κˣƶɱٺ٣Ϸ򲻹ʲôˣԲŹ
ʦܣ̫ˣ½˵ʲǽҶСͬھŲ㼸׾١
Ȼزֻۣ˵ԵѾҵֽɱҲܻƶƽһԵ
˵嶯£ɻһЩڣǧڵ鷳ģϾЩԴСɡ˵껰ɫһ˿³ϡ
˿ϵĻ³ǰ˰֣Цʦ֣Ҷƶȣ˵ҲھŲ㡣
ھŲ㣬ȴҲյˣ˶ͻز۵ģСƶȣСǲȻɶаȫ
Ǿٵĳ̶ȣָͬ׶սһҲĲ֣ǻܵġ
ʦ벻ͨǣʦ㾹Ȼĸһ˵ȵҩҲȱ٣ͲӦ˷ȷϲϣ
ô˵ȻŴ˵ǾӦðԼ£ʵҲǲġ
뵽СŴбֲԭӦýʽӵģ˷ɶȫһõɵҪҩݡ
˼ԸǴϷ򣬾͸һᣬرΪµĹܷͣףͿ컯ˣҲ㻻ȡϷһİá˿³ϣ˵˵
Ŷӿʦֺܿϲģ³üͷһ˵
ٺ٣⵹ǣֻõõģԸһЩܲΪ𣬾ͽȫģʵ˷ɶˣĺôģеҲΪʽӡ
˵ҶҲʽӵģԪ࣬Ҳֻ˷һԴҲûйɡ
һǰѡµӣмʲȥģЩǰˣڽҲܴ󣬵ʳڵģҲֵѡȥ㵱ʱ̫ƶˡ
ʯңźˣǽ׵ڵھŲ㣬Фɽˣȴ׼չسˡЩο˵
ֻƶ˷׼ڵģǽƶϧˡ³ϧ˵
ʲôƶԼ˵꣬ҲЩϧӣ˽ЩĬ

ɽԵҶɣǬ壬Լˣƺʲô
Ҷʦ֣˷ףһ˳Ǭ׼չأͲǰȥˡ忴˿ҶɣһЦ˵
ʦܣҪܿڣʦģᾡģǧ𲻺˼Ҳһ΢ЦĿҶɣҶɵļ
ǺǣǵӣһȥƵģˣﶼһʱˣɽ춼ˣˣǱءҶ˵껰ּ򵥿˼䣬Ҷɱת뿪ɽɽȥ
ãЦһգɫҲһ֣صӣͨǬҲڲǰǰ̸Ц
ʹףԭ˷ҶʦӦýʽӵģ֪ԭҶʦֻʮԪ̫أԺ̸֮ʱҪʲôѹ˵꣬ĬĬĵ˵ͷ

ǧڷΧڣȴǲСʱǧڶ˰£Ϊʲô߽򣬶ΪĹżҡ
żҵļţһԪƷҩʦΪҲǴﵽڴԲ˵ɹƹһЩѰҩݣʧ̫߶˷ҹżҴΪһЩҩȻҪżһĺô
һգżҸ֮ۡڣӰڣһ۵ߣһλʵڴʿһľ֮ϡ
һˣһŰ£ƤԺڣľګ꣬˿һϣеƷ衣
һۣüͷ΢壬Щͷ˵ǧڵĵӣ˵빺һЩ鵤֪빺ʲôƷ׵ģ


49 
ЩӣҶɲû̫⣬е裬΢΢һЦ
ǧҶ³£ֻʦʶԸżһˣɹеҩ˵꣬ҶЦһɫ֣
ʲôϹ£¶֣ʱüͷһ˵ǹżҵĴ¡ŷ塣żһЩС飬ɹŷ
ˣŷ徭һЩ˴򽻵Ҳʶѣ³ϣȴǼùŷͷʹһλ
˵Ϊߣؼ³Ƣ꣬ǧڳ³ʲôȫƾϲ£ƽʲôֶΣڱС֣ɵ֮£¶ῼǺ
³ȻĿŵĸҶС֣ӲΪʲôɵνǸóʱ֣ʲô
Ϊ³ϵԸ߹ŷؼţϴοǼû׬ʯͶԷ޷ͨһͿܷͻ
ŷտʼ˵ǧˣԭݺݵһ٣һ꣬ҲûʲôңҲѶ³ϵԹޣڴϡ
һԷ³ϵĵӣŷ̴ͷΪ³ϻһص㣬ǾǳĻ̡
뵽ŷҶ΢΢һЦǧڵƣߡ
û˵꣬Ҷһ죬ǧڵƳУ漴Źŷ΢΢һЦӦǹŷǰɣʦ˵ǰ˹ŷǰΪཻͣã˷ĵҩŷǰҲ̫ߵļ۸񣬶ҡ
ˡǹŷֱӰ˰֣ҶɵĻЩôҶɵĻڿԼһ
ʲôҩֱ˵Ϸ񷱶ࡣŷɫһ˵ȴЩŭֻûзʹɫȥЩŤȻ
ҶԣӣаЦѣԼ֮ǰ˴кǰҶɴϢ˵Լ³ϵĵӣǽ⣬ҲҶżҵ顣
ŹŷЩŹֵı飬ҶǿûЦһ˼ƹȻЧ
ŷǰӦÿóԣǰʲôʺϵĵҩܽҽκãʦ𶨻ŸлġҶɹ⽫һ仰úء
ŸлߣˣȿľΡŷߺߵ˵˵Ÿл¾ллˣСвԼҽβã»ȥ״
ּǰһȣͬʱһ׵꣬˴֮С
ԣüͷһ壬ûա
ǣּҼ˵껰׻ЩɻӣҪּ֪ҵʵǽڹżҵġƽʱҲཻá
ҶǲɫĿŹŷ壬ּңҶɵҲ˵֪һЩ
ߣ߹㲻˵ǧ˹֮ͣ󣬻ȥ֪ͨȥɣŷЩŭ˵ýԹ˳ûһͷˮ˳ȥ
ҶԼǧڵˣŷ壬ȻõӣҪĻļƻԼ˵³ϵĵӡ
ʱ򣬹ŷޱҶɵǰҶ˽ĵ˵ͷ˳ŷ״ִҶɵ֮ϣ˫ĿһյĲ
һĹ򣬹ŷüͷһ壬漴˫ĿһϸϸĽҶɵľΣҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ϧˣԲʣȴأ˿ӦԪ࣬޷ġʵ̫ϧˡ
㲻ϹϷҲĿһģҲգżҵȷҽξĵҩһƷֻöѡ
⻹ǼǰЩʧ˶ٴΣƳɹģҲ֪˷˶꣬ԣ˵鵤ļ۸Ҫٵġ
˵ʵּ˹ϷҲԲ۵ġһϷĿزۣϹӡ
ϷͰճɱۣ۸һö˵ЧһӡŷصԼλҶ˵˵
ԣҶɾһϸֳм֮ɫֵлǰصźԭ֪ʦ𣬹ŷǰΪƣΪ
ٺ٣ˣڴ˵һ£Ϸȥȡ˵꣬ŷһģ֮£һ֮ڡ
ߣСӣȻϹˣ˵㣬Ϊ˭򵽵Ϸɿ飬ƭСɣȥϹ״ŷЦһ˵˵

СպҶɵδԵֶͷ˿ЩӣŪˣٺ٣ȥȱչһԡ
ŷ廰Ȼ˵úҶܸоԼһ㣬һöȻȡһǧʯ񲢲ǳɱô򵥡
۹ŷǼ٣ҶҲ̫ںЩˣ֣νˣʣµٶʯ֮ǰвҪķƷ˽ǧʯԼУʣǧʯ
Ǵ˷ɶõЩʯ˵ȼ۸ĵҩֱ붼룬ٺ١˵껰Ҷ΢΢һЦһǧڷԾȥ


50 ҩ
ºҶɡԼǬ˵ӰҶɶ֮ڣƺʲô
Ҷʦ֣˷ӦջķİɣϲˡǬ˿ҶɣЦ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦҡͷҹϲǲŶԣû뵽˾Ȼͬʱˣʵǿϲɺأٺ١
Ҷ뿪ʱ䣬ҲǿʼչأǬ˳ĽΪ˲㣬ǽŲ㡣
ڼ˵ȷһϢϲС֮ãǬЩģק˻ȥ
ʱ͸ҶһֻƿҶôü˵ɫЩ̫ԾƺǹԼռ䣬Լ
ѵǶ֪ˣҲʮˡ֪ܷҽľʣһҵʱˡҡҡͷҶ̾Ϣ˵
Լƿ˳Ҷ¶һ˼֮ɫ
ƿǧڵһϳ˵ҩҲǶھŲСĺôټеоִ˼֡
ˢһҶɵһһֻƿУǹֻƿһԣҶ˫ĿһգʼĬĬ

סĳ侲֮УԼǬˣһüӡ
ʦ֣ûɣҶʦֵľȻأü˵ʵ
ԣ˵ͷ̾Ϣ֪Ҷʦܵľ²޸õģҲֻܾˡ
ˣȻȥһˣΪʦ취ʵڲУҲֻˡ˵꣬ת뿪˾ҡ
Ǭһۣҡҡͷȴûʲô

һ棬ҶɷʳֽĵҩȥĬĬһ£գҶɻʧˡ
Ϊľֻϸ΢ĸı䣬ȴǲûʲôԵЧⲻҶ类һˮʧ֮
֮£ֽԪ鵤ȡ˳׼ھŲƿ
һº󣬱ĿҶϼһһϢƮţ˫ĿһͷϹ¶ĺ顣ɫҲЩ԰ס
һץҶɽԵƿõУƿǴ֮ƿڷڴߣ׼õĵҩһ̶ա
৵һҶϼһʢ漴˫ĿһգĬĬ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶֻһһڣԭɢ״ЩҪ۳Һӡ
ƽķҶϲѣ˷û޸ɹ˳Ľ׵ڵھŲ㡣
Ҷɲûͣǹʹĳƿ
ۺķתһɿıţҪ۵һ̣ȴر˷һ㣬ƾҶοƷŵۣʼղԸ
Ƭ̺Ҷɷһգϼһ𣬻˫Ŀһſ֮£һһҲǴ˸ԸԵĴ֮
Ȼû޸޷ɹġ˳˵ھŲ㡣˵꣬ҶҡҡͷȴǲûжΪϲãΪԼʣµʱ䣬ʵڲˡ
ȻˣҲֻȥˣһҪ취ʥŪһš˵껰Ҷɱ뿪˶
˸֮ҶڴȥѰ鵤ҩֻǴ˷ûмƺþûгˣҶҲû̫ʱ俼Щ뼸˿һ뿪ɽ

ݣһԴɽȣڴ˵ûʲôǿĽƣκˣǿͿӲ˴صɽȣ㱻һЩʿ֮Ϊҩȡ
˵˵ʵ޷ȵǧڵĴκһǲ׵ҩȣΪһʵԪƷҩʦǿݵҩʦĴڡ
ҩվޱȣֻһɽڣΧ鲼滨ݣ鶯ĹϼһֻֻʱΧŸ߿ճļƴУȥһƬ͵ӡ
һڴʿվҩſڣϴŽ֮ɫתͣһṦҩſڹϼһһ״ϲɫһ
ʣտɷϷ׮⣿Ϸǵŵҩ˵ģټǮԡ߿꣬һ˵
˵Ҳ֣겻һŲ㣬ڶڴʿǰȴԵòߵЩȥЩӡ
ƹ˵ˣһֵҩ˹ؼʱ̣޷񣬰԰ɡ꿴һߣޱ˵
ԣЩŭ֮ɫ˵Ϸٴ˵ص˰֮ãͻ˵һ𸴣ߣ
˵˵Ҳ̫ţһɫ̫ÿǻ뿪˴˴
һʱ֮ԶٴγһɫӰٶ֮죬Ծ֮£ǳҩȶڡ
ӰһͣһŰ£ƤԺڵ꣬˴˴Ƿ糾ͣ·֮õҶɡֻǴ˿̿ȥЩ㲣Ȼż·֮£ûжϢġ
ʲôˣʱڴǰʧһɻ֮ɫĴҶɡ


51 
ǧڵҶ빺ҩҶҲûІʲôֱӵ˵⡣
Ļ꿴˿Ҷɣҡͷڹؼʱ̣ſɹɣȻȥɡ
ԣҶüͷһ壬ڵȰԼ˵ˣôйɵȣ˵ؿɲǹżҿɱȣǧڵţҲûʲôõġ
ת֮£Ҷɵһ䣬ϼһһɫƤҳҶɵУǴ
λʦ֣鷳ͨһ¡Ƕٶʯ˵ŻҶɽݸ˻ꡣ
˵еĴޱĻһߵٺ٣㶮£ʲôҩӦҶɵʯ˵ʵ
ʥ˵˵ԾЧҩȼƷɵ֮һҶ˵˵
Ŷӣб˽ӣ͸֪˵һ˶ġ
仰˵ʯҲһģ˶սܵش£һöʥǿԳ׻ָ
Ҫ׼˷һܹԸġ˵꣬Ҷɵ˵ͷ
Ŷλʦ֣֪һöʥҪʯԼһǧʯҪи׼źãҶɵ뷨һǧʯʥǧʯӦˡ
ٺ٣ɾͲ˵ˣֻҪʦһˣ˵ײ˼۸㣬ʦ𲻸ˣǳۣҲһҩȵκһŵҩˣŰɡ˵껰겻Ҷɣת߽ҩȡ
Լôһٷ󣬻߳ɽȣҶɵǰҡͷɣҲûʲô취ģʦڲ͵ġ
⣬ʦĲͨһ£ҶɲЩΪȰĻԼʱĲһˡ
ߣһƭ㲻ɣ߰ɣɫһ壬˵
״Ҷε̾Ϣһò״˴˵ʥͣϵȴŶȥ
ҶɵҲûзϻֱһ˵ɽȶһԣϥһƽʯ֮ϣȡԴʳǳһڴ˵سȥӡ
״ҲûҶɣʱʱĶҶǷʲô쳣жֱ£ҲҶʲô쳣ҶȴЩ
ԭΪƹ֮ʱڴ˵ֱ˵⣬ŵ꣬ǷѻҶɶЩɡ£ϿһˣҲ˽ҩȡ
ҡҡͷҶɿЦһʵڲУҲֻܻȥˣٵȥҲ˷ʱ䣬޷κþֻϣ֮ǰصһ󣬽ĸϢ
뵽Ҷվ鵹ƽת׿˿꣬תȥ
ףջҶɷԶһϤӰŴ˴ԾȥҲЩȵӡ
ʦ֣ô˴ģҶЩɻ󣬿ǰͷ꣬˵ʵ
ãҶʦûߡ˵ϢһᡣŴԹԵҶǰƽʯ֮ϣһƨȥȥЩǱ
״ҶɵЩЦãƣֱԼ·ļ
΢Ϣһ£ǰҶɽҶһţҲǸжѡ
ԭҶɴ˷ûصʱ򣬽Ĵʥ飬֪˵׿Թ򵽵ģȥס
֪丸׽Х֪ٹ£һ֮ˣ˵ȹԼԺҲûʲôôģڽһ֮£Хεİ˽һѡ
ĴŸҶɣҲϢĲ࣬վԣһ黷塣
ｻƹ鷳ˡŻ˵
״ЩɻĿ˿Ҳûʲôתص˹УҶ
ûãٴŶ΢΢һЦвۼһ˿ɻ֮ɫЦλ룬ЩƣһҪҡ
ԣҶϲɫһЩ˿ӣһĸŻ꣬ҩɽ֮ڡ
ҩܴŰܱ鲼滨ݣһҩ֮ƮɢʱһֻֻС޴ڹеתͣҶˡ
ҶǴܵĻļļʱ·ߣȴûʲô顣
Լôһٷǰһ޴Ľ߿մɫƣ͵ĹϼܵɽˮȷһԴӡ
ߣ㣬䣬Ҷɸоһ֮ûʶ֮ĽҲǸоһεѹ
λ룬ڵȺƬ̡꿴˿ҶɶˣŽſһơҶɵЩѾõʥ֪ܷ˳֡


52 ʥ
һӵĴڣĵӰУһ׷߶ţ裬վһꡣ
꣬Ҷˡ
Ƿӵĺˣ߷±յó壬ϸϸĴ
ԣҡҡͷɫһĵǰҶǧڵӣЩԨԴ
ߵ˵ͷŶԭˣðɣҲѯˣС˵빺ʥ˵꣬ЩɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
˵ֻд˵˵
⵹٣СңʥóɡƵ˵
䣬һֻīɫСƿҶɶ˵ǰҶɼ״ЩȻΪŬĿϱ飬Ǳ߿һЩ
ȻЩԨԴǻҲض˵ֻ谴ճɱ۸۸Ǳɡǧʯ˵
Ҷԣһֿӳɱ۵ĻҶͷۣ飬ԼҪԩͷҪǣԼûôʯ
ҲһΪ֮ɫȻûʯЩεĿ˿Ҷɡ
˿ߣҶüͷһ˵ֻʣǧʯˡû˵꣬ͱߴˡ
޷ϵǳҲһǧʯˡǧǧɡ˵Ż߽һף׼ȷ˽С
ԭΪʯҶɣͿĽʥ֣һãȻͳҩȣʵû뵽˵ͱ䣬ǿһǧʯҶɵĵףȴЩԼ޷ˣһ̣ͷת䣬ֻҪ޸ãҲˡ
صҲѯ
ʦˣôСһǧʯ˵꣬ЩĿߡ
ٺ٣չ˼һʯȡģҲĻ̵Щôٺ٣ȥػɽŰɣŵĸͽ˵꣬һҲǱ˸

һƬ޺ɽ߰һһ۵ɽڣһ׵ʱһŰµ꣬ͷˮıĿš
ˣǸոշʥҶɡ
Բҩ̼仯Ϊһɺɫůڷ֮Уתһ֮С翪Ұһ㣬˸оĳޱȡ
ҶظоԭЩϸСľǴ׳һ࣬ת䳩ͨ˿ָʱҲ١
ʱҶԿŷںɫůŵ۶ȥһ˰ĺɫůŵӿȥ
صһ죡
︽ļ类ʯһ㣬ƾǺ˰ˢȴȻ޷۵
ҶɲûżΪоľʼÿһεĺǴһ˿˿ɫʣձû˺֮С
ڸоľЩɶˣҶпϲ˵˷ǳɹԼֻʮļ᳹״ơ
˵ҶרĵĿڷźɫůһδεĳˢţǱľҲԽԽɶ

ʲôʦ֣ΪʲôҶʦһڱչصĻӦҪ˻һġɽԵЩɻĿŽ˵˵ǬҲѯ֮ɫ
ԣҡͷЦ·£Ҳ˵Ϣһ£ôǵҶʦ֣ΪҲ𣿡
Щ˼ͷǬҲһЦ֮ɫһɽȥһ߸˽
ԭҶ뿪ҩȣҶɱýȻԼҪҸطչأ콫ҩ޸þԼʣ²һԪҶʵڲҶȣ˵ʲôʱһغˡ
˵չҶɣձҶɾܾˣһ˷أҲ֪ҶʲôطչءΪҪԼߡ
ʵҶҲԼĴ㣬˷ٴʧܣҲζţԼ޷ıˣԽߡ
ʧܺԼҲǧˣǻصԴ򣬽ĸ˵ޣϾûжʱԼˡ
Ȼ֪Щ˽˸ţ˵ӰҲʧɽ֮С
˭ûз֣˲Զһ˫鶯֮۾ֱתĶˡ

ĳʱڣҶϥţֻǴ˿̵ЩįͣһǷϵӡ
Ȼʧˣ˰ɣ˵꣬ҶɿЦҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ڼǰҶɷĿŷһĳŶЩɶľͻȻɫůʧֻʣ˷ţҶ֪ҩʧˡ
ɶľٴζԭѾŵľٴСȫָ˿ʼӣⲻҶĻ䣬Ȼ
Ʒҩ޷ҽκԼľҶʵڲԼڰ˸µʱŪƷ׵ĵҩ٣Ӧû˿Ƴġ
ҹҶɵнĻָ˹󣬱ҲǱߵļֻȭͷա
ȻҵˣǾȥɣֻϣĸҪ²źá˵껰ҶվһಣĸСһɶһĳҶɵУڽƹʧţһĳ˶
һºһƬŨֱܵԵճԹҶɣ׼·ȻһУֻ߿һƿ֮
ĿȥһֻСĻɫԲ̣Զ߿ռӾһзܹƿطзģҲڴʿĴڡ
״ҶɫһϽһԶ㿪𲻱Ҫ鷳ɲԼܹǵġ
ԸΥҶɸոԶǻɫԲ̹ϼһҶǰλúȻһ٣漴Ҷڷһ˵档
壬Ҫߣɺ޵ҩȣһ٣һźµ꣬ӷзݣмƵӣվһϵӰҶ֮ǰȥҩȹ鵤޹ߡ


53 
ɫƣҶһһ֮£װɵһƹȥҶû߳ʱһµסȥ·
״ҶдΣԼ·úõģôͻȻĳôһǶ㲻ȥˣǲ֪һ鷳ǰһڴʿʱҪԼСˣԲǡ
λѣǰҿǺδǣżǧڸġҶɹ⽫ǧڵŰ˳ϣһ¶Է
ԣҲһ˿ɫ
ǧڵĵӣˣԣ߿˿Ҷɣ˵ʵ
ߵ飬Ҷһϲͷǧڵӣ޻ɢޡ
ԣüͷһ壬Щԥӡ
ߣǧôˣΪôǧڰݣ׾аҵĺ˳ˣΪˣ⵽ҵİ㣿
ҩڲⶾҲҪµˣǧڣٺ٣һжǧǵĻȻԶ͹ðɡ꺮˵һ˿ɱһЩĪԹޡ
ҶпЦãԼʲôʱùһŲ꣬ҶɻЩȫˣߣǲܷŹԼġ
ǰɱҶһһʱ뵽İ취ûһԼȫߵġ
뵽Ҷɲ˽䱸֮⣬˵ԼǰûĻᣬҶҲԲִеġ
һᣬܴңŹ㡣˵껰ɷһһڹͭɫ
ಣҶɳ֣ʮű׶Ǽ
ţ̧һ㣬г΢΢һ𣬹ϼһ֮£ϯ֮Ҷͷһնȥ
һУҶǿһ޶Եߣ˿һ֮£һˮĻһı׶ֵ
৵һ
һ䣬ҶɿٵļһڰɫУһ֮󣬰âһһģŰճֵȥ
¡¡
һĿϼѶﾹЩֲʱԶϼһһâҶɼ
ٶ֮죬ֻǼ֮䣬ǳҶɵǰոҪɲǣһöɫСܣȻóҶǰ
أһ졣
һѳСĻذףɫСһ״һ˿ɫ
Ӧǲб￴Ҳٵģٺ٣һЩֶΣ޷׻ġ˵껰Զ˿нֲµ
һ漴Żذһȥ
৵һذڰ΢΢һ𣬹ϼ֮£ǳʮֻذףһģ֮£Ҷһնȥ
ҶɷһߣɫСܹϼһʢҲǴסЩذס
Щذ֮һ㣬ƹɫСܣγһɫ˿ߣΧҶɿתƺѰŹĻᡣÿһζǱɫСֵܵ
Ҷһ߿ɫСܣһ߽˼ŶԲߣöսȻԼܵûˡ
Ҷ˼ʱҶɺȻɫһɫСһ³ǰͬһʱ䣬صһ죬һѻɫذնϡ
ףӰذȻҲֱܷ٣Щɻ˵Լ֪ɹ˶ٶ֣йذԼ棬һ˺ѷֱ٣Ͼ˼ġ֪Ҷʶ֮
˵ֵסذףҶҲǱ岽֮ԶԽԽǱȥæңסĺΣһ͵ӡ
״һþòҶɣҲЩһ䣬ˢһ£һöƲӲӵķ˺С
ʱҶɣѾƵòˣ˵սţҲǾԽԽԶ߿ʼŵüͷеط֮ʱȴ˿ƺ߶ԴöҲǼΪһ㡣
طŰһףɫأһֻԶһȵĺ
ԶСģ䣬ԭԶɫһ䣬μź
ߵĺԶƺǲʲôμٵһȥ
۵һһĻˡ
һ˿Ѫ׵ĴӺһдһƺߣһ֮£Щˤڵϡϵ˴߷
߸һɲǣҶ˫֮ϣ֪ʱĳһŻɷ˫Ҳǰâѣ˿̵Σѳʮɿ⡣
ýƻСӣȻԶסңĻܵôԶ߲Զɱ¶˵ȴץһöմȾ˿˿Ѫ͸롣
ɫĿҶɵıӰȫɵò˫ȭס壬һܷŹ
ٺ٣ģӲġɫһ˵


54 ֶξ
ǧڷΧڣһɫӰٵĴһƬ֮ڣٶ֮죬ȻһĲӰ
ӰʧúһһӰ̤ŷзԶԶߡ
Զ˷֮ǻȥⶾɣԺСеǻᡣһ֮ɫĿ꣬˵˵
ʱԶɫ԰ף΢ĲȭͷɫЩŤ˵ֽնɱԶ޷Զܼ֣ǿ׷塣
ԣ̧ͷԶ֮ɫʧһɫ֮⣬ɫһŷзҶһ׷ȥ
˿̵Ҷɣһ֮ɫĿٿţϾڴʿ׷˵ڻû׷ҶҲǲͣٷֺ
Ҷ֪ڵĿֲٶȣԼǸտʼܣ˵ǱֱסҶ˼֮£͵ϮԶǷ֣ԼԶݶӡ
Ȼ߷Զѣû׷ԼȥԶˡ
ҶɽӰ뼤ɲǣֽ½õķз˫ϣټ貽ļӳ֣ٶȺֹһ
Ҳˣĵٶȼ죬Ҷ׼Ϣһµʱ򣬺Ȼɫ΢䣬һ䣬ȡָĵҩȥ
һ̣˫ԭЩĹϼȻâһ˫һ֮£һٴμӿٶȼٴڳ
һṦ߿ŷзԶһ૵ߣܵõͦ죬УԶʱ䲻ˡ
˵껰̧·зһ㣬˵һһģ֮£˵Ӱʧ
УڼٷɱҶɣȻһƿ֮һԲηзͷһȵĵҶɵǰ档
û˵ֳ̧ҶңңһָһһνΪһâҶͷһնȥ
״Ҷɵɫһ䣬һ䣬ˢһ£һ⼤̼仯Ϊһǵâײȥ
أһ졣
ǵ֮â׵ĽǼ߽׷һɣⰵĵ˵ϣȥԾʧӣҶɫһ䣬׳һŻɷ
ಣҶһ㣬ȻΪһֻ򣬹Žâֵȥһҵı֮УĽ߽ɢ
ףֻ΢¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ漴۵һ̽Ҷһ֣˵һһıм
̼䣬ɫ䣬ҶֻܺһʢƺƬƬѩһ㣬ɫܣӿ֮
ãҶɫһ䣬ԼİɫУӰǰδüȡ̣ΨһĹҲʹùǿֵס˼ҵһԭ
һⶥ׷ڴʿУֲܣҶɲȥ飬ȴֲò´˻
뵽Ҷ䣬ಣâһһɫСֶɫеֵȥ
ۣһ죡
һʵޱȵܣɫиնϵʱ򣬳һذݣţֻԸԼ죬Ѻۣ鲼ɫơ
صһ죡
еһĿϼɫС̼䱬ѶΪ˵âƮɢܡ
ɫκ赲֮âһļ
һĻˣԭҶλÿտյӰɫҲһնա
ף壬СġԶû˵꣬һöɫԲһ৵һΪһɫȦΧ£ţһöطֶ漴ϼһ۵һѶΪһɫ֣ȵؽ
Ը߽ǽ߽׷Сӵ۲ƣߣ״ɫûʲô仯ֻЩȵ˵
һ̧̣һ㣬Զɫйϼһʢһ֮ӿֳۻֲ꣬ǹһ㵭ĺ˪
ಣһģ֮£ɫŻɫһն۵һ΢΢һ𣬿ʼŤɫٴһնһɫֱӦѶ
ͬʱ̧ԶɫȦһץֻǻɫȦĿϼһ֮󣬱ϼһİ
ֱӻΪһöɫԲߵУһĿ˿漴ɫԲԶ
˿յܣ৵һ£һģ֮󣬶˵Ӱʧ
һƬֱԵ߿ŷз΢΢һ٣һУ漴ִ̧һâǰĳռȥ
ʱԭյգȻһ㵭ɫɫ֣âȵնϡ
صһ죬ѶǵҲǻΪޣͬʱһŰµӰɣֱӷɳ֮֮Զصһصĵ˵档
ۣһѪҶɾһڣһڵЩ˹ȥȫͬɢһʹѣһϢޡ
˲ǵѪɫ԰׵ҶɺȻɫǰ˫Ŀ΢еĿŶˡ
ڻ򶨣ٺ٣ǧݲͣ౦ﻤģ֪ĻͲ㶯ˣȻչڣҲٷȥˡ
ٺ٣СӷӦǲȻ÷Ƶ⣬ֵϷĽûʲô˰ɣ
˵Ļ㻹ɣϷżԶȥҩȵģߣ䣬һ֣৵һ£ɫٴǼҶһնȥ
˿̵Ҷɷʣ޼ȥǱ֮ж׷֣ҲǸ޷ֵڶ׷һ֮ġ
ԤϵʱƤһ鷢ˣԶҲһţһĲ֮ɫ
صһ죡
Ҷɵǰ֪ʱĳһڳҲעƣƾڽ֮ǽɫһɡ򶷳棬Ҳǵð


55 ϼ
һķٺ٣˷׷㣬ջС߿˿ҶǰĺڽŹ˵
壬ǣǷԶҲЩŵ˵
ԣ΢Цĵ˵ͷãСɱˣٽȡҲˡ
˫ȭҶɫһǿĴһ˵һɫڰ΢΢һҶֻоڷ̼䱻һա
৵һ£â˸ѣܺƣһǺ֮һģ֮£ɫ߶˼ȥ
ǿѹɫһ˵ʶƺһûʲô֮⣬һ·з֮ϣ˵һԶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫ۵һû뵽ǰڵ档
¡¡һضɽҡľ촫һ޴ӡ
ɽɳʯϯܿȥԶԶӰ˲ͱûС
Ƭ̺ɳʯ£ɢһЩһɫֶԶ˵Ӱ˹֮ڣܵɳʯʵĳϣͱǵɫ赲
ȿȣһѪԭ˲Ҷɣձڤɻ꽣ѷһգֱǰĵҶǰһڡ
ǿſڵҶɣ˫ʵĿһ̧֣һâԼԶǴһ˿̵Ц
Ҷɳ׻Եǰһ̣Լ䣬һϼ֣ŽâһȥͬʱҶԺƺһЩʲôϸӦʱ򣬱ǳ˹ȥ

ǧ˿ʮΧ£һ̨ܣ̨ϣһſ̨֮ϣǴѪһĿŶһꡣ
갺Ȼվ̨֮ϣ˫ֱ̬ޱĿ̨ˣɻв֮ˣԺҵ鷳Ļ´ҶɾͲˡ
䣬һ˦ۣͷҲصƮ̨֮ȥȥмѲ֮⡣
̨֮˼״˽
ʦֹȻȻϵʮĴڶˣЩϵǺհһҡͷԵ˵
ǣʦǵżǿɶǺͶʦһĵأһЦǺǵ˵ͺ˵ľԼһ㡣
һߣŮӵһһüɫ˵ʲô
ۣʦֺϣ˧һһŮɫ΢죬˫ĿԶĶ˵˵
СʦֻˣҪǰ㴫һһŶɫȹŮЦһ˫鶯֮ӣŽ֮ɫ
ʦ㣬ɱȡЦˣʦ˵ҪչسƿĻһ׳ɹǱһɳ죬ӵн롮ĶѡȨˣǲǧĹͨڰСŮ΢΢һЦ˵˵
ߣ½ʦչ㣬£ʦ֣˿𣬶ʦʲô㲻ûڽ󣬸ʦҲᴫһЩǿĹʱһһ޵Ŀᣬ˵˵ˣǰ½ߵϡ
㣡С״һ֮ɫҪ˵ЩʲôȴǱ
ʦ֣ȵңϿԶߵĶһİͽ֮⣬ƨƨߵĸȥ
һߵſڣȻɫһ˿ɻ֮⣬ףôôȣ˵껰һȥһת׿˿
۵ƨϣ֪ʱһ棬ϼ״ɫһ䣬ѽһſڣ˼״ǷЦ
ֻȺеᣬһĿſڣһ˫鶯֮ӣһ˿֮⡣

ǧڷΧڣһϿȣ˴߽޼ټΪ϶࣬ʶ˻ڣΧᾭһЩǧĵӡ
˴ɽΪϼȣ
ϼһЩҵֲ꣬ïʢţ治ʱɿһ߾Ұʬ壬һѪζƮɢܣһЩͽ׵޸һ˴ǻԶԶƵһԣЩǵޣҲӲڴ˵س֡
Ϊǰã˵һսһֻۺڸ߽׾ԳޣҲһƬشİıһֻɫȥⲻһЩ޵սľڴ˵سû
Ҳˣɫ߳Ϊ˴˵ص°˸ǵĽɫ
һգݵİɫߣǻһɫСߣʸĳɽһʯͷϣЩˮӣǰһʯ̨ϣ˫Ŀյİꡣ


56 Ԫ
ϼĳɽڣܹЩ谵һɫС߾ʸһʯϣһ˫Ŀյİ꣬һʯ̨֮ϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãָ˶Ƭ̺˫Ŀѿһϸ죬漴Ǳ˫Ŀ·̫ӦܵĹһ㡣
ã˫ĿٴλƺӦһᣬ漴˿ܵĻɽ֮С
꣬ǰڴʿǰԵҶɡ֪˴˴
ҶɫһŤһʹؿڣɫ԰׵Ҷɣϳһɻ֮ɫ
ΪԼԺ֮УȻһӡǣ
Сࣿ𣿡˵껰ҶʶһŶԶһʯϿ˹ȥ
ˣң㶼ˣѹˣʼˣҪȥˣСҲˣأʯϵɫСߣҶɴֻ鶯˫Ŀһˮȥӡ
ವһɫСߴܵҶߣҶɲСԴҶɵǰ˲䡣
Ҷɼ״Ǻӡ
˰ɣǰϷˣһ֪ıݣҶЦ˵ɫСߵСԴ
ৣɫСһŤ֮£Ҷԣʧһ֮ɫҶɴˣͲһÿζң˵С಻һȥٻһ
ʱɫСЩԹ񣬿ҶɵЩ˼
ˣС֮࣬ǰô£Ҷѯʵ
СƵĸҶɽԭҶɻԵǰһ̣ԺкȻоӡǵϼС֣ڵĹ
ؼ˵Ҳ磬֪ðôһɫߵޣΪǴﵽ˾ۺн׶壬ǿ൱ڵΪ߲ڵΪСĶ֣һҶ֮󣬶˽ǱСȥ
СбҶɣǧ£;иоһɽϢأǳɽȣڼһֻչһشսСʤաΪһصİ
ԼôһٷĹСཫľŽһ飬Ҷɵ֪Լڴ˴Ҳǻ֮á
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷüͷһ壬С࣬ڿаյеùԲࣿ
ԣСɻĴһҶɣ漴ˣ˵ҲܽôҲ˺С࣬Сı´أٺ٣Ǳ׻ںѪ֮СڿɲǰˡɫСϲ˵š
Ҷԣ̾ϢһԼС˽⣬˵ôһѷϻǻϾûаգɰգСԸ񶼻ԥ˵ԡ
뵽Ҷ̾ϢС࣬ʵɣֻʣ°ˣ޷ȥҲĶ֣ڣ뿪Ұɡ
ԣСྐྵǻ˻СԴˣΪβ֪βвҪҩʦԸβ𣿡
ԣҶҡͷЦҩʦƷ׵ĵҩ޷ҽκã˵һʲôϣҲ
˵꣬ü֮䣬һ˿ǿ֮ɫ˫ȭա
ˣ㿴ʲôܲõϣǧõġ˵껰Сſһ磬һɫϼϯ৵һ£ϼаһţ۴Сɫī̵Բ򣬳Ҷɵǰ
˿īɫҶץ˹ˣС࣬㲻ǧ֪ڴ˴ģ
ٺ٣Ǹ뿪ǧ£ǲǾһǧڵĵ֮ǰ˵ҪŵģСȥǧ
û뵽ǧɽԵ˰£˽нСӣСֹ˵ӦǸֿãӦȥҩȡ
Сôǧµİ취ͽʿ˺ܴۣǵ֪ҩȵĴŵص㣬ǸϵˡСҶɽ
ҶһСһüͷ΢Ŀǿīɫ
ʵɫͳһҴһɫ·īɫЩҲϡ棬ҶעǣһööɫС֡ʱʱ֣쳣ӡ
Ҷоãſ˸ţҶвһ˿ϲ֮ɫϹЩ˷ܵЦݡ
СּصģһصĹֽԪԴûϸءҶҲû̫Щ
˹ڣϴ˿īɫ󣬿ŵҪۺ٣ҪǣָٶҲǼ١
˴˵Ⱥôͬս֮£ǿռмĺô˽ƣ֮ʱ˷֮Ȼ
ԷָҲҪʯҩ˹ˣһת֮£ǿԿԪ
Ī˵սǴҲռ֪Ҫȱ˽ʡʱ䣬ٶҲ١
ҶΪϲǣԪ֮󣬳ڱǿԿ侭ԴͨڵԾ÷ת䳩ֱͨڲŻŵӷ洢
˵ϲãƺҶϵʹã˹һԴͨǼľ˵ĻҲĴѰҵҩˡ
뵽ҶϲɫһԸС令ԼϸĲ˹ԪС˵̫ԸҲڶڡֻżҲ뿪һСᡣ
˴֮ãҶڼ˳Ե㶫ǲԪֱСʵЩĵʱҶɲŻ˫Ŀ
С࣬˶ʱ䲻Ҫ̰棬ҪһƪǳɹҾͻ˵ļҲԳɹĳƿˡҶɿС࣬ɫ֣ص˵
ҶģС˵ĵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôԹԵڶڣҶ˫ĿһգԺз֮
©ʱҶɾǽīɫ̽˿УһŹֵķ৵һ£ϼһ
йҶзı仯ɢ͵Ĺϼһ˿˿īɫ壬͸ھڵķһֵķʽīɫת


57 ϣ
ǧĳ侲֮ڣӰɫȻվţһ֮ϣһŻ۵ߣɫĿŽ
ȻҲ˰֮ãҲˣҶ޷ʮģţҲǧˡ
˵ȹҲΪ˲٣ˣҲȴ˴˶ԵڣҲ԰ˡ
㿴ЩҶһͬŵµӣǿȺ󶼽ڣʦŮᣬԼʦŮӹ࣬ǽڡ
ݣƽˣҲڱչ֮УΪǧϵӣֻǴﵽŲ㣬ûôΪҲ֪æЩʲô
˷úúˣΪ˼Ϊһ˿ѵ֮⣬ߵɫʼƽͣȥ˴顣
˵֮ˣǽĸס
ԣ˵ͷһ˿į֮ɫǧ˶꣬ΪԼݣͽԼ˲٣ԼѽĵģȴһûУҶôһѣԼľˣӦ޶Եġ
ףİɣģ˷Ҳ׼չأƿȡһٳɹᱻһЩµµġɫ֣ص˵
ԣ΢Цĵ˵ͷãȥðɣΪĺϢ
ԣɫһĵ˵ͷת뿪˴˼侲ҡ
ϣ˷׳ɹɣҲ˲ٵŪģ˵꣬˫Ŀһգ
ǧڽǧӣܹɹģһվÿһӶĴڣǧҲʮڴʿ
һǽʧ̫ߣٲһЩһ㣬Ǵ鵤ҩά£ҲûнĻᡣ
ֻǣ˶ĵҩҲ˷ЩעǻЩʹǱ߷ãԣҲر࣬ڴʿߵ
ڸ߽ʿǸǷëǵĴڡ޴£ձչزŸһǱޡ

ϼĳɽ֮ڣһɫӰĿϥһŹֵӡɢ͵ĵɫϼ
ˣԪ֮õҶɣСʸڶڻʯϣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀꡣ
ôÿˣôƴȤССԴҶɡ
ʱ৵һ£Ҷϼһʢзһ䣬ں
Ҷֻڷޱȣ·Ѿõĵ̰ƿ˰㣬ӿڳˢÿһ˳Ļ۵˵
һ޷ݵĸоڻγɣҶֻĳˬޱȣ
ڳɹˣһľҲڴͨˣҶ˵꣬˫Ŀһ¶һ˿˷֮ɫԭеľȴǲ֪ȥ
˿ҶɵڣԭеľһҵӣԭľҲǳͨ䣬Ǳǰ׳һȦӡ
ţʿĺôǷĴ洢תѰܰ쵽¡
ҪǣҶɾϲķ֣ǰѨǳһµľֱͨҶؼţ֮ǰûд
ȻٳԾҶЩϲ˵
Ҷȴǲûоʹ˰֣Ǽһķŵ۶ȥ
﷨ԽԽ࣬󣬾ǳܾ㷨֮£Ȼ޷ٹע·ѳһ㡣
ʱҶɵһ䴢ৣһֻӨӨƿȻУᵯžƿһŨҩ㵱Ʈɢ
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һźͮͮԲҩȻҶǰƿŵһԣһڽҩ˽ȥӣҶɾȻҪûƿǿŵҩȻˡ
˵ȻǲͬѰһ֮󣬱̼仯ΪҺڣ͸˵Ｐÿ֮У뷨ϵһ
ԭķһ䶯֮£ǼһСܾ֮࣬ٴӿ˵һЩγ˹ĵɫ
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Ҳ֪˶ãҶɾʣ޼۵˵γһƬ˿Ҫűĸо
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һ£һСɫҺ壬ȻڵγɣŨ֮СҺ建۶ȥ
һĹҶɫЩ԰ͷϲ˶ĺ飬ȻһϼҲǱЩ
ɫһҶٴȡһԥ˽ȥ


58 £
ǧ±ԵżﲶԶ飬ڵΪΧѲţмƺڵȴĳ֣ȴǲ롣
һĳЩǰĵӣǰú壬ֻȴͶֻЩֱʮңԶеδˡ
һУɱһֻոս׾ۺڵޣ˻ϲлعһֻۺڵԳһ˻˳
״˸ո󷨣ֲ֮£Ǵ޵Ķ֣ܵһпȫˡֵĻᶼûС
һĲҽд
Գһֻ꣬Գһƽͷѣ˸ǱŵľսĴҴܡ
ԳƺŨŨһ㣬˫ȭݺݵĴ˴ţ޿һѣ¶˸â
׼˸һ꣬Գһǰ˹ȥ˼״ɫһȥ
ಣԶһģ֮£ǰԳ㣬۵һֱûͷԼദ
໺𣡡һ˻Ѫһ
صһ
ǰݣɷޣ̼Ǳ˴˴һ죬Գ壬صˤ˵ϡȫ鴤ѡ
ͬʱһɫӰԶһģ֮£ǳ˾ԳʬһԣಣԾԳʬһû˴˵Ӱ֮ڡ
ǰһȵԶһд
ԭܵˣҲͣΣλոճ֣Щĸߡ
ʼգҲûзʹõǺַ
ҲûˣԳʬߣֽǰ˺նɱʬ
״Ⱥһüͷһ壬λǰлǰȣֻޣնɱģ
ߣҴҡԪХҪǻòͷˣ˵껰̧ңңһ㡣
һĻˣǰ꣬ҲʲôƣȻɫһף۵һһѪ漴ز
ûˣ¶һ˿Цǧȥ
˼״һ˸ҿΪԪХٻһЩģңһϣΪ
̸׼񣬵ҲǲֶΣɱ˲գ֮ˣݶвСΪߣһĶڴԲ׷ҲǼͷ۵顣
һʿĿŻȥĬĬ

ϼȣĳɽ֮УһɫС˫ۣĴһɫӰ鶯֮Ϣ
˵ӰˣǳƿҶɡ
ʱҶϼ˸ͣһϢƮ˫ĿգЩ΢΢ɫҲЩ԰֮⡣
һҶΪģһɫ쭷磬̳ɳʯɽڴ°͸°ͱ֮
һЩȥʰ㲻ʣźˮҶƤ͸һѱˮʪһȳ֮
䡯һ
ҶɸоڴһĪǿڷʧȡ֮ǣʵɫҺ塣
ͬʱʶɫһ󷭹ͣһ֮ʶռӿʼĳߣȻųΪСɫҲǸ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˫Ŀһ৵һ£ϼһ¶Ҷɲ԰㲵ӣЩŹֵӡ
ŨŨľϲ֮ɫһ˿ӵ顣޸˾ɹ
ĸһϣԼСе־Ը˵ļһ̣ڱ𣿴˺ڿػİԼδ
Ҷ˫ȭգȫȻЩɫЩӣٴθӦһҶɺȻ״
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ɶɹˣҳɹˣҲֻʮˣǿ𣿡ҶɵЩ˻˫ĿٴӨỨ
ãƺʲôҶüͷһ壬˿Ƥڵ۹һ৵һ£һˮĻȻҶɵͷ漴һĳˢ塣
Ҳ֪˶ãˮĻһ֣ȫʪҶɻ߳ˮĻһϼʧ
һ˦Ҷɢ͵ĺâ£һ۷ðһṦȫǸˬ
һڶ˿ˬޱȣһڣлʵɫҺ壬Ҷһ
ٺ٣벻ǾȵزȣһΣֻȾķάַڿзаɣԱϣҶʶޱͷŶ
ɽسҶɵԺ֮Уһֻֻϣʵİɫһſڶɫֲꡣ
һֻֻ׷棬ԼڼԶǻȴҿɽֺޡʶԶɨȥЩģ
ʶ֮ҲֻܸӦҾ룬ҶЩԲѵҡͷ仰ҪǱѪɡ
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ˣϲ㣬ɹˣǣʱһâԶһĻΪһɫСߣҶɵһֱ֮ϡһ˫鶯֮˫Ŀգͣ
ͷ˿ҶЩ緢ӣػ΢΢һЦٺ٣С࣬ϢպǱ㿪ʼڽϼɱޣ;ǧ£ǧڣ


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59 ȸں
һƬİɫ֮أһֻۺʬ˵ϣܵһƬǽ壬һɫߣһŰµ괦һԡ
һǰصҶɣԪڽϼչɱ޵жһʱҲɱֻۺޡ
ǰҶҲϸһԶߵĴڤɻ꽣ȱҲԪ˻
һ֮ҶеСʧԭΪλڴʿһͽ׵ķʲôͨ¡
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ԶĴƿ֪ʲôƷֵĵҩһ߽׷ʯ߰˰ٿ֮࣬ߵǶ׷ԼǧʯҶɵЩòˣлҲ׼۵ġ
˷Ҷԭļ󷨣öҲһգֻʣһöԼȡ͸롣
ʬҶת˿С࣬ʱƺǲҪ̫ˣⷢ޵Χ
ȸǧ£;ǧڽܿˡ˵껰ҶһһԾ֮£ǳԪ֮ϡ
С˵âһವһҶϼΧٴȥ

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ֻĿһӴǺɫ֭ҺƤһãðںһɶŵϢ˳
һṦ򣬻ĿǺһţʧȥϢ״ɫĺ䶯׼Լ
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ಣһϸ΢ĺɫ˿һŰɫϼӭȥ
žžһ촫˿˿̼һɫ˪ĵ˵档
ͬʱһɫһ꣬˻ĿһԣޱĿŶɫɫ򼡣
ۺнף򼶾Լǿ򵥻ɱһֻۺڵĻĿ󸣬С࣬Сĵ㡣ԸҶɻǺˡ
ɫͷֻΣĺ㻺䶯·ᵽΣյϢȻȥâ˫ĿҶСࡣҴ˻֮ƺھһ㡣
ಡһ
һâ׷ɱҶߵĶ׷ɫУȴ䵽ҶɵСҶҲǴ֮Ծ
״ɫӶѣĺɫ˿߼ɫвƶȥ
ǷޱȵıнնߣջǱɫ˿˰գ޷·ֺ
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״Ҷɫһһ䣬һɫСһӭ籩֮£ȻΪߴСɫҺһӴǷ֮ðǱʴһϸСĿݡ
ûʱЩΪǺɫ򼣬ϯźھɵʱҶ°âһοһȥ
ৣһɫҶϯȻ֪ʲôɱҶҲմȾ˿һĶ˹ȥ
ʱǺɫ֮ڣ׵ļɫ˿ߣһҶɲƶȥ
һĻ̫ͻȻҶҲɫ΢䣬ȴûţһ֮৵һһƬˮĻ۶֪ǰˮĻʵ˶١
һ̣ҶɺȻͫһǿĺɫ˿ߣǴ͸ʵˮĻųųСĴ֮Ҳֻ赲Сֺɫ˿ߡ
󲿷ֺɫ˿ߣǺ赲Ҷһȥ
һâԶ̼ǽɫ˿߻Ϊ˱ڵ棬С಻֪ʱĳҶԣβһڵɫײһ
صһ
΢΢һ𣬾ǲʤĽɫһŤſһ֮£ɫҺŽߵԪϯȥۿǶ㲻ȥˡ
ৣâһԪȻһıףȻ޷ֵɫҺĸʴۿɼٶȥ
ۿʤȯգûô·ĺɫ򼣬ʱȴǽƻһٵȥһԶܵӡ
һ̣ɫȴһ䣬漴дһʹ˻΢΢һ͵ڵ淭Է֣ͷðɫҺ塣
һâϯת˲佫ɫڵ޷ֺǱС
״Ҷϲɫһû뵽ѲǾۺн׵ޣԼԸΪҲԼз̫˳֣ͨһУֻἸֻԵķ
ٺ٣ǽƷˣԸֻĿ϶ûϵ벶ֻȸںģҶЦǺǵ˵ţźɫȥ
ãҶɿһͺȣɫ˲һ䣬°â֮£һԾ֮Զ
ͬʱֻಡƿ֮Ҷǰ֮һնգԶһף
ٺ٣ȻӦҲֻˣϷĻȸһ䣬һݵӰҶ֮УС״Ҳһ䱸֮ɫ


60 ֶԵ
ĻҶɲɫһԳƻȸںĸߣһڵĴʿ
һۣĸݣЩ䣬һ˫˸۾ƺһ˿С
Ŷ´˻⣿ѵںͳڣĲ𣿡Ҷɿ˿ߣЩɻ˵
ԼҲǲһСѣ˵ûСڳԼ϶ܱԿС࣬ȴȻ˴ģѵΪѹڵԼС֣
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㲢Ϸ򹹳ʲôвһֻۺڵޣϷǿԶԸģοīľ綾䲻һҲӰʵġޱ˵
ҶԣǿһԪ֮ϣȷмƤʴļȻǰһЩĶ
ڴ˵ع۲ܾˣҵкγԹ𣿡Ҷɲ̾ߵ˼ܣ۲ϸǸѲĽɫʻҲʱ䣬ָһЩ
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δ䣬̧һձջصıﻯΪ⣬Ҷɼٶ֮죬һģ֮£ǳҶǰ֮Զ
ǴȽҶնɱȻרĶԸԪ
ವһзһ㣬ҶɿɫУһײ֮ϣյһ֮
ϼһҶɱǷ֣ߵıﾹѳСͬذһĶ̽бֽȥޱȣɫâ
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ٺ٣ɽûмȻëͷСӣ䣬̧ڷɽҡҡһ㣬˵һâһ
ڷɽȻһˣνҶΧҶɷӦڷɽǿٵתҶΧм䡣
ĻҶɸϿ콫ɫеǰһ֮ɫĿӰεķɽ
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ͬʱֻžһһɫɽպն˶֮ϣűһ˻ȥ
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ҶǰâһٻضƵֵ֮ɫ΢һŤ
ۣһѪҶϼɽâһķ˻ȥڷɽٴΧҶתѰŹĻᡣ
أһ죡
Ԫβһĵ棬һ󾢷һ˶ȥͬʱһâ߹һ
״һ漴ǰһ㡣
һĻˣԭƽƽĵ棬Ť䶯գۼ䣬¡һߴѣһҵĻζ֮Уγһ֮ˡȥޱȡ
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صһ죡
һȭȵԪ֮ϣ߽΢΢һˣ漴ǲһ
˿Ҷǳûӳ˫ֽӶѣı׶ϯȥ˵ܲ󣬵˶ĵͽ׷ӣʩչҲǲСƵġ
ţҶ̧һУɫһ֮£һնȥ
ۿǵصĻ׶ԼϮҲʲôȴǹϼһ৵һ£һ㵭ɫһС
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ಣڷɽһģ֮·أɫһµֵڷɽϼһʢɫбЩ֧ӡ
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һضɽҡı췢һƬ̳ɢԪһ֮£ڽһɢΪ
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ʱ߲ԶԪ޿һţһˮͰϸİɫߺȥܴ֮
ʲôϹʥް׻ıͨ߾ʧ˵漴ɫһ䡣
ǵǰδԪʩչĿֲܣҲţƺӦóڴߵϡ˲û̫ķһǾԼ֮ܲ߾ȵġ


61 Ԫ
Ԫ³Ĺ˵ޱȣȴҲ˷ִ磬æһɫƵֵ
أһصı֮
˫һεɫ˫ְַ任ͣ漴һ㡣
һ
ǰȻ˺죬С壬һ֮ըѶֱ¶ˡ
һȫɫսףһɫ淭ڣһˮӰ̤ųصĽŲԪһ
أƵı췢ֻȻﶷû찵أ޹⣬Ԫ˵ЩǱȴҲûʲô̫Σա
ҶɵͲôˣ߿ڷɽƵҶɲˣǱһֻм֮ӡ
ॣ
ɫйϼһڷɽһɣҶɺɵĽɫƻǰ͵ע뷨ֵڷɽ
һϼ˸䣬ڷɽȺն˶֮ϣȴǱҶɰȻĵֵ״߲üͷһ塣
˵ս֮ãҶɷӦ½һЩģڿȻЩջ
Ҳû̫⣬漴ڷɽңңһ㣬ಣڷɽһˣ漴۵һ
ҶɾȵУǺΪһڹâ貵߳Ҵһ֮ҶʶһɨǸоһΣյظо漴οˡ
ݣ
âһ߳һն˻ɫ֮ϣҶƴĿƵֵҲǹϼѡ
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۵һ죬ɫ֧ŲסӦѶΪâƮɢգһĴ͸
ɫһʱֵס߳ĹҶɲû˿֮ɫԥ֮ɫء˼Ȼ޷ֵǷҪʹڤɻ꽣
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ſһ֮£һִĹһȥܣɲǰɱȵģȻԪǶŭ
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һ֮£һź󷽼ȥ
һ죬ߵӰڵһɶڰջһߺֵˤ˵ϡҲǾʹ˺Ĺ⡣
ۣһѪɫһףһϢ½룬Щ֮ɫĿԪֿ˿Ҷɡ
˲ǵѪɫصȻϹʥް׻ıͨôһߵϳֵģһֻޡ
Ȼ޷֣ϷҲûʲôˣߣҴ˷ңȳƿɹˡǧ£ҲŪЩ׼һЩҪ׼׵ġ
ŶµẠ̊́ʹ߾ߣΪǻ׵طŹ㣿ҶɫһЩЦ˵
ԣһЦĴҶɣЦСޣϷҪߣΪǻסߣЦҲҷԪХߣ˭סδ䣬ڷɽವһûߵۡ
漴վΣ˵Զȥ
Ҷüͷһ壬ЩֺֺЦӣԸԪһ׷ȥҶâ֮£ǳǰԪΧм䡣
ҵҪ㵽ӵģߣҶɶԼ貽ЩĵģһСǶٸǲ
ŶԿݣδ䣬âһµȻŤ䶯λ³
ǴؾǻΪˮ㻺ʯ뺣һ̼ʧӰ١
״ҶһԾ֮£ʧĵط˫Ĳ˲ȵ棬֮ǰǰΡ
ʲô֮Ҷüͷһ壬漴ʶһŶظоӰڵĳǰС
ҶСһ߷׷ȥ
պҶɫѿվһֱԵСҲǻΪҶһֱ֮ϡ
ǱӵˡҶЩϧ˵û뵽ͷȻֲԼǰ޾ɫһࡣ
˷ջ˼ӵˡ֮ͨϰʩչٻڵ飬ͻԹʩչ°빦ԼҲ֮ҲǸ޷׷ġ
˷սҶظо̫ΪԿصǧڣһҪ취ѧϰһЩ
ˣȽֻʬȻɻǧڰɣҶ˼˵ڽڣǧڣҲõһЩôġǷлӰҲӦúúһˡҶû뵽£˷ߣȴ˻


62 ٷ
ո߿գ
Ĵ֮һǧڣϲھ߰ĵӣЩһǳͣһ˸Դ
Էһɽ忪ٶڼѡ˴˲Ĵ£ɰнĶǧڵصȨޡͨ
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ҶɵĴҲ࣬˵֮ǰһˣ֪ʲôʺˣõĻԵЩҶɵǰȴǹά
ǣϵ֪Ҷɽں󣬲ԽӼһǸҶɲΪ֪һЩôҲһɽΪҶɵĶռ䡣˵Ϊٷ壡
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Ŷҵ֪޸ˣҲ޷ģҾǻɣǧǵҩ
ҾһЩȥǧ¶ĵԣһֻۺнޣЩȫҶһֻ߾ЩԣֻӦҲǾۺޣҶɾշģ»ɵ˵
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ˣȱ˵һˣҶѶҲҪʲô飬˷ҴҹʹһµġҲܴ⣬һãɣпݳġ˵꣬üͷ΢΢һ塣ҲɫЩ

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ǬҲҶԴ壬Ǭٷ壬ֵļ˹ϵ裬˺󣬻ʦֵơ
˰ɣСһ컬࣬˭۸㣿Ц滢ˡЦ˵
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˵꣬ҶЩǸӡʶһ㡣
޷ʦֻʦһ£ʦġ»ŮһľĿҶɡ
ŵʣķ˿գȥǰȻƺΧķ羰Ϊһ壬Ҷ΢Щӡ
ʦܣʦϳ𣿡ҶɶԼ˵»ɫ΢죬۶ǰһ˿Ậߵ˵
ȿȡɿҶЩεЦЦҡͷʦЦˣˣ֪ʦʦܣΪ£


63 ִԹ
յ磬
һɭϣʽӣ͸¶һ˿ɣϢĽڣҶ˫ĿЩ֮ɫŴһľܣ˵أǧڹ֮ء
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ദҲǢҶڲ̸Ů˽ʱֻðЩĵףһķ֮ϡⲻӰ˵ĽӴ
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ͨĽ
񹦣
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ףȻ˿ЩһҶɶ𣬾һŮӣҶЩϤĸо
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ҶҶӶˣҲ¹ˣ㻹ĺãͯɣʦѡ˰˵껰תȥ
Ҷԣ˫üһͿߴŮ鷳Ҷɲһ˿֮⡣
ߣʦֺãᣬ뿪ֻ֣˵㲻ˡҶЦе˵ĵظоһУǻȥˡ
ûлʲôֱߵľܣ˹һĻҶЩ⣬ǱԼϬ۷˰ɣЩ̵ļˡ
ʲôζҶɫһ䣬֪ôʱԼƨϾȼһŻ棬ŵҶɸϽһһæҵӣȥΪǱ
˿̣΢Ž֮ɫ
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ҲûнʲôˡһЩǼ֮󣬱Ǵһӵ뿪˲
ҲһɻĿҶȡЩͽ׷Ҳûѯʲôк뿪˲
ãʣԼ˿ҶʧĵطһЦߣҺԣвңò鷳Űɣһȥġ˵껰ת

ôˣҶʦ֣ӡٷ壬ЩɻĿ˿Ҷɣ˵ʵ
Ҷüͷ壬ǽеԹ˵˳˵Ҫ
ʲô㣬ҶʦֵˣǸǳСŮû˸ǵãƽ͹龫׽ŪˣˣͨǬҶ˵֣ɫһ䡣
ߣǬٷ壬ӻСˣǵȥɱѵ޻Σգ
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ৣһâҶɵڼΪһСߡˣҪСȥɣһ
ͰִˣҪ취ܺúõĽѵһ٣Ҳǵ֤ݣٺ٣ˣŰɣҿ⼸ַ˵껰Ҷɵһ䴢һѻҶǰ
֮ԷãסǽһöҶɾ۾о


64 ݺ
ϼµգ
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˵һһŤ䶯¡һߴѡһҵĻζ֮Уγ˲СĻˡ
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һŰµ꣬¶ΣһµҶɡ
ٺ٣ǽ֮ѧĲˣڣӦÿѧϰǧڵһЩͨˡ˵껰Ҷɱصסϥ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˫Ŀһ΢˼Ƭ̣һ䴢৵һ£һöҶɵС
лӰҲϰˣͲ֪εģ϶ףϾ̹ıͨ˵껰Ҷܲ˽ƣٴβ
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ʦ㣬Ǭ׳һЩ˵»ʦҶСӹϵġֺ̫񲻺ðɡʱŮ˵
ߣʲô»ϵô˵ҲǿҶˣͰ˵ȥɣҲ׼һ¡˵꣬һЩСаЦݡҲ֪ڴʲô⡣
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״óǼǱһ׼Ҷɽĵͽ׷ûȱ١
ףʲô˼ҶɣЩŭ˵
ҶɷӦԺбһЦҶʦܣôˣǲǰǧڵĹŪˣǴﰡˡ
ԣҶЩЦһ䡣֪ʲôЩһֱҵġû˵꣬ҶɱǾЩԾ
һŴһɨȥһҪҶɲг
ڣʮʯһʯϣ̻żС֡ݴǡִ£Сʧʮʯ͸
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ʮʯ¸ˣģʦΪִʲôˣóʮٱʯִҲ˽ġн֮ɫһЦĿҶɡı飬Ҷֱҧ


65 ݺ
ִ£Ҿûл¸˼Ů֣ҶָᣬɫЩŤĶִ˵
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Щ鴮ҶɱЩʣ᲻֪ʲôֶΣָʹԼĴԼĹϵζȣҲûм鴢
ȻǼƻѾãɵأǰҶɻڻɣҪֵͽ׷ģõļƲߣֻҶЩɻ󣬽Լġ
Ҷ˼֮䣬ᷢһ㽿ЦҶʦῪЦҴϹϵģڿŮǲ̫ˣ
ƺûȻЦеĿԼ
ϷȥϣСӾ͵Ʋðɣִ߿˿Ҷɣ˵
֪ǼˣִԵȣһҲƲҲ٣ҴŮһܹһҶɼæ˵Ȼ£ȥҲãһǼҪѯǰָʹߵġ
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˿ᣬҶɺȻһ촽΢֮£ûзһǴ
ŮðѶĻߣʵ㣬ҲаѱҵϣȫԸһ͵
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ȻҶɵĻɫһ䣬΢Ƭ̣ߣֲٷǬߵԭмƻ
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ȷ͵סҶɫһĴ
ε̾˿ŵļƻҶɴ˵һ飬ֺ󣬾ͻὫ͸ᣬԼڣͷϼͺá
ҶɷһЦгʤЦݡ
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ɫһ䣬ָҶŭȵ㣿ҳСˣɣ޳ܣߣ㻹Ǹ𣿡
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һн׷סЩѣԵ㹻ǻлڵõġ
ߣδ̫̫һʵһҪԴɶһҡƺҪ˵ҵţϽס漴СĿ˿Ƿע⡣
ʯɽɲҪ嶯Ҫ˵ʲô⴫˼ҶɾĲˣ̾Ϣ˵
һѹɱˣҶҼǰҲǲСļ壬ȫУ
ҶΪ˹䣬Ϊ壬кã˫˫䣬ʮĺӣҲС
кɽȴңǺıҶǿû뵽ǰʱҲǱǽɽȳײʵڵﲻĴڣ˼ҿڴʿġ
ڶ˲ԶһŰ£ƤԺڣЩľګ֮ɫ꣬˵߽ѹĺܵͣǱ꣬ʶ֮ɵ˿̣Щǵ֮Уһ˿˵ĺâ


70 
ԴԵһ⼤޻һȥԼ俴һԲ״зһɫӰϡ
˵ӰԴոշصҶɣ
ֻǴ˿̵ҶɣɫįȦЩ΢죬ɢһɷ˫ĿĿԶ
ڼǰҶԴռһЩҶϢ˵һഫҶҶ˫˫䡣
˵ҶЩ̫ţִ˼գգȴǲòʵǵʹ£׼ΪԴ򱨳ѩޡ
ֻʣһˣȥӿʱûˣҪץˣҶ˵꣬˫Ŀһգϥ
֮һʱҶɵƺ̫ãһֱûһϵĶˣۿʱҪˣٲȥͲȥ
˼룬ҶɾȽͻǧڣȻ󿴿ϵܷӳһʱ䣬ĻҲֻڽµĴˡ
ߣȫǸŮǵĻ˷ȥһҪˣҶѾãβʲôƲֱ֮࣬ӳֽѵҲֱܵӸɴġ
ҶɱһӵԹŷз˰֮ã·˻ɽǧڸȥ
պҶ·һƬ֣˼λϽʹ˷֮£Ȼɫһдһס
ףڴ򶷣˵껰ҶʶޱͷŶǰһɨȥ

֮УӰڶ
һŰµ꣬Ƥ׾˫Ŀ֮ɫ˫ֱ磬һ߳ƺûгֵӡ
һŻۣĸݣһߣһЦڷɽһɫ籽š
ڶм䣬һӰһŶɫȹŮһ֮ɫĿŶˣŰպɫ籡
Ůӣǧᣬ֪˴˴˿ɫ԰ףһϢҲ½˲٣ȻߵĶ֡
λ򽣸ʦ֣ӢһһǱƻ󣬲Ҷ˺նɱȻǺúΣ
ȻıһҲҪģԪХԶնɱĻžϴһҲܵŽЩͶʦġ
ʦ֣ѵģʦñ۸ʦԸʦһЩôģǧڵĹͨĽ򽣸ʦֵҪġ˵꣬һӣˮĿꡣ
ԣԪХһУͨĽǧڵһֹǧ㲻ʲôͨ򽣸޽ͨĽֲֿ򽣸󽣷ϵһЩȱǲСջ
׼ٽնɱٸκ˵Ļʱ򽣸ȴ΢΢һЦŷԪХ˰֡
ԪХٺ٣Ůɱʵڿϧ˶٣˵㽫ͨĽҿԵ㰲ȫȥ
ҿǺܻϧģˣĻʦҿǰﲻ㣬ǷԪХҲǲ֪䵽ãܡ
ôúÿһɣôƯһµġٺ٣˵꣬Źɨġ
״вۼһ˿֮ɫȻ΢ЦзյĿ꣬ʦ֣㽫ͻǧڣͨĽŲûЯġҲ֪֮ʱʦ־ǧСסգǺúþ۾ۡ
ԣüͷһ壬漴һЦ˵ٺ٣Ȼ˵ĻҲûʲôˣ֮ǰһһ˼ٺ١˵꣬һЦĿᡣ
״ԪХһٺ٣ȻʤѿϴŮϷһѡ
˵껰ԪХ˫Ŀһִ̧һ۵һû档
ͬʱڵһŤΣ䷴Ӧһ˫ɫ֣εؽ˫ץסƴΣҲûѳȥ
˵һйϼһʢڷɽâһصһǽǺɫһɣᵱɫһףдһƺߣ΢΢һһϢٴ½˼֡
ٺ٣ǰǱ˲ʵ˵һڣû޷ʰġʤ΢Ц
ٺ٣ʤѣϷȥ㣬ܰɣŮѾϷס޷ƶˡ˵껰ԪХڷɽԶȥ
״¶һ˿֮ɫ˫Ŀֱתƺ˼ʲôԲߣֻϧλĺ֮ûиκη̵Ļᡣ
ʤȭӰ˵ǿֵסգȴ䰵һҺһĵ˵ϣ޷
ٺ٣ģԻ޺ģҺϻҲĸˣʤ˵ŷŵ֮ųȵĹâҲЩ
˿̣оϢᲢ£ֻǣʵ޷ܱ裬Ϊ
ٲϵ飬״¶ŨŨı֮⣬ûĵƤ֮ɫü΢壬ƺЩǿӣŮȻ޷ѹеĿ־壬΢΢˫Ŀ֮УһˮƺԤϵ޷Կˡ


71 
СˣԽҾԽٺ٣ʤ˫ĿŹ⣬Ľǰĸǰ˶
ˮӣЩĿʤһŨŨĺ⣬ӣҰС죬ǿľҲЩɪɪ
ʤʦ֣ĲܷŹ𣿡˵꣬ǿһ֮ɫ
ٺ٣ͲҪϻˣ汻ܰɡʤ˵꣬ߣ̧ħƣȥ
״ڲαװһҲŹ㣬㶨ᱻĨɱ
˵껰̴΢¶һ˿׼ҧԱ꣬Ҳ޷衣
ৣһϼʤָ۵һûڣ䵱һȫҲ޷ʹһǱڷֻĿǰ˫ĿŹ꣬۽Ǵ˼ξӨ顣
ԥмٵĺħƣոȥ
˭ʤոħƵʱ򣬺Ȼüͷһ壬жһͣƺʲôվͺ˵
ͬʱԶһâϼһһֻСɫߣȻǰ֮ϣһŰµꡣ
ʤ˵ԪХԶһ磬˼˸
ҶҶʦܣȡῴҶһϲ˵һ룬ǲ
УҶɿ϶ԹԼ˵ʵڲҶһڵΪܹԸǰĶˣϾʤʼʵڵĴڣǶԶʵƵķԪХһֻۺнޣҲǶ˵Ķ֡
ŶԭСӣٺ٣ԩ·խϷûϵ㾹Ȼǧڵĵӣһͽ׷ϰȫСޡҶɳ֣ԪХ˫ĿһУϺâ˸˵ߣҶɵǧɱޣԳƻȸںˣ˵һսջǱ֮ˡ
ż˵̸ʤüͷһ壬ɻʶ
֮ǰйһЩԹգӦþ˽ˣٺ١ԪХһ˵
Ҷɿ˿ˣ˫ĿһУĿʤϣһλڵʿʵڷԪХ֮ϵġϴԪХ֣֪˵ʵҲСƵġ
ԭҶɲû֣ϾŮݺԼδɵҲǰŮͣҶɱ㿴Ϸġ
Ҷû뵽ʤȻ֮£˵˺ݺݵؽѵһҶҲ֣£ҶʵЩȥˣһˣҶҲԲῴţ⻹ͬš
ȻǷƬҶɶԸǰĶˣЩյģ޷ǣԱûʲôģĻҶǾԲܳġ
Ҷ˼֮䣬һ仰ȴҶЩ
Ҷʦܣ߰ɣ㲻ǵĶ֣ĻҲҪڴˡ˵꣬һϵĿҶɣûյĵƤ֮ɫ
ǲͬţҲȵģҲлҡҶзֹǲǴŮˣʲôơ
ʤѣӣСгˡԪХĿ˿Ҷɣ漴ʤ˵
ԣʤɫһ촽ЦĿһҶɡ
Ҷ쵰ΪʲôʶģǸϿ뿪޴çײֻ˸ӿġᾹǺȻɫһ䣬¶һЦ֮ɫ˵
ԣҶüͷһ壬һ˿ŭ⣬Լĳ֣ǵõ䣬תһ룬ҶɱЩ˼ӦǲԼڴˣֻҶЩʵڲ²͸Ů˼Ȼ˺ġ
ߣ˷˼ˣ죬˭߲˵ġ˵껰ʤһźҶɡ
ʤѣαϻֱӽնɱˣĺ£ϷЩȥˡ˵껰ԪХһ䣬ˢһ£ڷɽһ³ͷա
״ҶһСϼһһ³˷ԪХ˫ĿŰڷɽ
һ
ҶһϢͷŶʤ΢΢һЦڣٺ٣Ҿʹ졣˵껰˫һΣ߳һâһģĳ˰գһѶ׷
ܵҶڵΪЩɻ֮ɫǵսãвһ˿ɫ֪˼ʲô
ಣ⼤һԪһնȥţߵдʡ
۵һһɫڷɽȥԪâһβһĵ棬ſ޿ڣŷԪХһ˶ȥ
һһѰɫϼһһƿ֮ҶͷնȥʤȻһУһԶƮȥ뿪ḽ
ͬһʱ䣬ʤո棬Ȼһĵش̣ڻϼһ֮ҶɵκȻһʹ˷лӰʤĳ
һߣҶɵһಣһѪ׼ȷûУҪҶ֮ʱȻоڶԿʧû뵽ҶɵѪȻнⶾЧá
ţҶѸٴһ۵һûڣ˷֮оڷָϲɫһ
ԪԸԪХ˽ұáԱϣҲػǷųɫʤһնȥ


72 նɱ
գһƬ֮䣡
вʱһϼ֮һӰһɫߣĶԿһߡ
һߣŰµӰűڰպײѣʱĿϼҶʤˡ
صһ
ߣȻҵҶ֣Ҳֻһ㣡䣬ʤһϼһ˫۱һȦࡣ
ţ˫ȭһ֮ͷ­СȭӰҶͷͷһȥ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУһִö׶ϯ֮˸һȭӰ֮ϡ
ۣһ
ö׶ֽǵȭӰ׵һɢκ赲£صĺҶɵĻ֮ϡ
һ΢ҡΣ΢΢Σ
״Ҷɲɫ΢䣬һȭӰʮȭӰԼ޷׵ֵҲ֪ʲôͨ
ৣɫСһȵػҶɵǰ
أһ֮ÿһȭӰС֮ϣϼһգɫСܱһɣʣµļȭӰҶɵĻ֮ϡ
أŵŵţ
һɢţҶɫһף˺岽֮ԶſסΡ
ףȻ˻Ӱȭȷӣֲ԰ġʤЩɫ˵Ҫ֪Ӱȭ֮ͬУҲǿ׽µģҶɷȻۺֻǳһСѡ
ܽսҶа뵽ٶȵƣȴ޷ʹˡ
ವһһѺâ˸İ師һһХʤһնȥʤһֻǺ˼ȭӰǽշֵ
˵Ҷ·磬ȴûʲô̫Σգ˾սҶЩǿ֧ŵӣսҲǾԪǱԽԽԶ
һߣԪХƿڷɽոյֵסԪ³Ĺĺɫ籱һֶ״ԪХһ
ˢһһðںĶ̹һ±Ǻ˺ɫ֮ϣţܺȻĵǽǽ֮ڣǳһĻˡһ˶ȥ
ʱסᣬԪХרĵĶԸԪϾ֪ԪĿ֮ԪХ˷ԲϴǰⱻԪˡ
һ˵һڷɽһ֮£ȻΪһѹϼ貵߳Ԫһնȥ
ۣɫһոյֵס߳Ȼֻɫ֣ץסβ״һľˣһȭ׺ȥ
Ԫ޿һţһƬâֶţҧסǾ޴ȭͷк˪ʱΪŤͷһק˾˵һֱۡ
ڷԪХʩֱۻָʱԪǴһ˻βһصһֻɫֵŷԪХһ˶ȥ
߶ݱʱҶɵ״ƺЩ
˿̵Ҷɫ΢ףдŴصĿŶʤѳһᣬҶƵɫǹϼһЩеӡ
ߣҲûʲôˣ˵ĻͰĵ·ɣʤǸֶһ˿Ȼ֮ɫЦĿ˿Ҷɣ漴̧һ㣬һ󣬰հɫĿϼ
ȻһĶ̽Ӱһ򽣸ͨĽһ㷨޷ֵȴǲʹá
Ҷɲ֪ЩоӰ⽣ɢľܣȴǲҴֺ˫Ŀһ֮£һ䣬ವһ
ʤֻǰâһĽ۳Ĺ⽣ֽͬıһɢ龰ʤ۽һ
ʲô˿նĹ⽣΢΢һ͵ĺâһصѪɫУʤɫЩŤ˵
ԣǷƬ˵꣬ʤһ֮ɫֱǰ֮ʱҪ
˵Щ˷ܣʤûóȻ֣ϾһʵķƬõ֣ҲһҪСӦԣпܵƵġ
û뵽СõȻзСû˵꣬Ѫɫ΢΢һһģ伤ȥʤĻ
״ʤæųһˮɫСܣˮһת֮£ƬֵסüˣҶһ
һ
ǲкȻųĿѪâһɹŨѪϢһҶɼȫʢʱڵķ߶˲Уɲǵܷ֮˵߿ɱġ
žһ죡
һϸ΢ѺۣɫС֮ϸֶţʤĿ֮УѺۣ˴֮ϡ
ãʤ䣬һһ䣬һöɷУǷƬչֳܣԼһûпԵֵ֮
ԥɫ˫֮һһ֮󣬱һģĳ֮⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ֻ۵һ죬ɫСܺȻҶѪɫκεֵ֮£ˢһ£ûǰʤվĵ棬ըһӡһƬǽ塣
ͷһĻʤͷð亹һգ漴ǲ˿ԥԶٴȥҲܷԪХǴܵӡ
ҶĻ˷ŹˣâһѪɫһ֮󣬱˫âʤ׷ȥ
һṦҶüͷһ壬Լʩչ貽Ȼ˿޷֮ľ룬һ˼֮£âһһû뵽˵֮С
ߣȻ׷ᣬΪһķзᱻǵȶ׷ϣ´Ҳ㡭û˵꣬ʤȻɫһ䡣
ظоҶɾǶ˵֮£һֲ˼ٶȣԼԼĶһ֮£ֱͳţһ㡣
ˢһ£ʤһ٣ɫȥͬʱһѪâԵ¼ʤһֻż⻮һ˿ڣѪһµᱻն룬˵˴˻£ƺҲǲ
ѪɫڰջһĻߣ϶µʤһնȥĸ㣬Ѫɫжȵؽû˿Ļᡣ
ϼһæ֮£죬ԼһѿƲذףȻʤͷһ֮£ȻûԴУԶȥ
ڿ񱼵ʤ۽һֱһ֮£ǰƿһպһȭӰϼһһö͸뱻һɡ
ССĵ֮£ͷһΣţһĿѪâ϶£۵һûʤͷѪ


73 Թ
ɽһƬ֮ڣһԲ״ڿնһǧڷȥ
з֮ϣӰϥҶˣֻ˫ĿԶûн̸Ҳ֪Щʲô
֮ǰҶɽʤնɱ֮ǷԪХǸоҲᶯ֣æʩչ˴˵أҶ׷֮ʱԶ
ῴԪХܣټҶͻȻ֣Ȼ뵽ʤ³Ҷɵ׿ȷϣֻЩ𾪣֪Ҷк̣ܽʤնɱ
ҶżǧڸҲûΪᣬڿǷͬУҶɵϣŮǵͷĬϡ
˳зԻ˼Ĭ
Ҷ۽͵һᣬ䵥壬ֵĺ˪ŨŨԹ֮⣬ټǰԼԼԼ뿪ȻЩ̫˽Ů
Ҷɶ˽⣬ں£ӦһòŶԣң˷ǧڣҲԼͬУһķҶɲһ˿ɻ󣬰ŮǱ濴ȥǰ㿪ʻõģĵףһЩΪ֪顣
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶҡҡͷЩԼ£ӦøϿȥȻ취ŪЩܹΪĵҩΪԴ򱨳
ԼҲóһЩҩģҶ˵꣬˫Ŀһգ
һṦĿ˫Ŀһת׿һҶɣһ˿ɫ
˷Ҳû뵽ҶɾȻðԼϾԼݺݵ׽ŪҶɣǰ꣬ǲǰӣգð֮ΣǰԼʣԼ޷µģвһ˿֮С
һ̣ĵͨ꣬кȻΰƺҶɵϣһǰδĹϼ֡
Щ꣬һ˿֮ɫ
ϳ𣿡ҶɺȻüͷһ壬ЩŹֵ˫Ŀ˵
ԣһ˿֮⣬ҪװûҶɣȴЩˣ漴Ϲһ֮ɫ
ߣһҲʲôûСһƲ˵
Ŷ㻹ôŮԶ˵֪ȥˣͿ㲻˳ۡҶһ˵ǰҶ˵û˿˼ɣҲʲô
ңһǧǼ½ʦֵĶ飬ǿΪ̫ǧ¡
ߣ㵹ãֱӾܾҵĺⲻ˵ڿң˵½Ϊ˲ô룬ǰȫġҼЦ޷Ǽ·
ѵ淨򶼲ӲװӢֻ޴鷳ûһζҺʣ˭˲ᱨᾹɫһЩŭ˵
ߣ֪˼ҶЩֲװģ漴Щ˵
ڻ뼸ǰǧµһĻҲȷԼʢоЩԼ˼ν淨޷ǿߣȻЩִҶɲòǵѡ
뵽Ҷ˵еĺ⣬ȴǳǿߣ˵ˣǧҪŮôʱ䶼ûУܳʲô񣬻Щ
㡣ָָ̧ҶɣЩ΢ŭӣһĻҶһ㶣֪ˡ
㻹˼˵һˣһŮһʶ㻹޷ڲ㿪˼Ц
㵹ãǧµᣬһԹң˴ϼ׼ңƽϵˣ᲻һѵġԽ˵ԽɴվָֻҶɵı˵
ҶԣһڣûбӣֺֺЦĿᣬ˵ԼЩòϣ˼һŮ˵ĲûʲôѵԼˣʹҲ˵Ҷһϵӡ
㻹ϴһˣ˴ҳϡƺҶɵ˼˵˵
ԣҶһ飬ûеͷһĵ˵ǶԵģҲܵ˴Ҳ㳶ƽˣңҿǾģһ㣬޷ϰɣ
ԣ㶣ϻָƽ漴ûǰ˵ӣ״ҶһЩС
ҶɸоԼռϷʱһ仰Ҷӷ˳
Ҷʦܣ֮ǰЦֵĵطԲ𣡶ңҲл˷ȡ˵껰һϵĿҶɣҶһȣĿЩԼе㲻ˣǰŮĸҵ
һҶɸЦ˵Ǹʵ֮ǰҲЩԵĵطͬţҲܼȵģ˺ǵĶԹһʹɡ
Ƿһ飬Ժ󶨻ỹϵġֻӲѼӿϴǲסһ˿֮ɫЦԣҶһܸоԼֱһ
ٴλָ˿ʻõᣬ˫ĿЦ״СһһϹһϼҶɲòϣĳ࣬ҲȷƯֻ
Ҷʦܣʦϳ𣿡ȻֹסЦ⣬ɫһ˵
ߣ㳤ˣϵĻҲʲôû˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһյĴȴ˼ʲô
״һЦ˳Ҷüͷһ壬ȴûۣһҶɣỺЦݣ֮ɫǰ꣬Ҳ֪Щʲô


74 
ϲһŨ鲼黨ݵԴ˵شһߴɫһЩͰĽ
߿մʱɹһ̤ɽӰ˴Ĵ֮һ򽣸
мĽĳ侲֮ڣӰʲôһ׷ߣһ֮ɫһ꣬ЩЩֵӡ
ߣ˭˵ģʤϷĵӣ˵ںƽཻʼϷˣҽϷĵɱϷҪǡЩŤ˵бյžһɷĩ
״Ӿǰλһϣȷһ𱬵ӣǼ令̣ǧ³ϲ£ֻʵ³ϸ߳ܶ࣬һʵʵڵԲĴڣֻ̤˽𵤸߽ס
һϢŭ˵ɱʤʦֵˣǧڵһӣֽҶ굨ӵ˵꣬ǵͷȥ
ҶߣϷҪϡ˵껰Ϻһ̧һģصһǰľһĶ顣
ӰһҲʲôվ

ٷ壬һɫӰڽһľ֮ϣһǰϻǧڵҶɣմˣҶЦݻ¶һ֮ɫ
ԭֻնɱˣҶΪ겻ܷὫҶնɱʤԼ˳ϣû뵽ϲҶ񣬻һЩʯ
ʱúһЩͨˣϴżȥмֲͨûüѧѧϰʤͨͲ
ǴļȭӰǰǿȻ취ŪһЩĵҩúñչһֻпΪܻȥġ˵꣬Ҷɲᡣ
һ£ᵹΣҶҲڲֻ˿̵ĶˣҲǰǰ㶷죬ż̸һЩϵ顣
ö֮˵ĹϵҲǽǢһ̸˵˵˵ЦЦϾ˷ܹԲõҲ˵˾仰ġ
Ҷɵĵ״Щļ棬Ů˵ʱϲ׽ŪˣĵײҺһҶҲǻиܵһֱֿ֣Ĺһ㣬ֻҪһᣬ˵˵ƺͻὫзһɨա
Ҷȴûб뷨ҲֻһЩĵʱˣԼԴ뿪ңһֱ¶ţҪһ޼ɵ˵˵˰ɡ

ǧ֮ڣϣ³ϣ˶Уżڴʿһɫء
ʦ֣ʹߴ˾ҪˣǲҪ֪ͨҪǼչصĻ˵ʹߴһˣǧھҪ⵽Χˡ³üͷ΢壬˵˵
ǰʦ֣ڹȻҪ¹غһɰΣáһ֣ص˵
ԣüҲܽڣɻһΣ򽣸ġ
ʵʹһ£Ҳ̫ģʹ߼ֻƷںʲôģֻҪǵĹƷʹ⣬Ǳ㲻ʲôµġ
Ŷʦ֣Ϸ˵˷ʹǰƺֻֻչƷô򵥣̽ӻر򽣸õϢʹߴ˴˷ǰӦûĿĵġʱһ׷ߣۺ룬˵˵
ţʦܣ˵ʹֻƷҲҪ˵ƢԣһƽϵС֮ˣǧڣɻΪĶġһԲ꣬˼˵
ʦֵĻҲ޵ֻڱչصĹؼʱ̣Ӱ˽ףʵڿϧҲգгϼϣһһ£Ǵ󲿷˶ͬȥĻϷҲմҵ˵껰εҡҡͷ

ݱԵһһɫݹݷٶ֮죬ֻǼ֮£ǳ˺Ͽա
ݹһһŻ£Ƥ׾òӢֶǣûκεķз˰գΪҲһ߽ס
֮ϣһС֮ɫġ顯ֻ֣Щ֮ɫ΢̵Ŀݷ
ٺ٣ᵽݲ£ǵǰʦֵǰɶ̵ٺôģ˷һҪģҪЩһУߣҲҲӵġ˵껰һС
ǰһոǿԺúðд̽һ£ķģңǴĴλãҲҪȥ̽һŷĵģԼǿԵĻҲЩϼһˣٺ١˵껰һɹϼϼ۳Ķݹ⡣
ţݹһӰǳĳȥһͳ֮


75 ʥǴ
ٷ壬ӰСֹʲô
ι壬ҿе㲻԰ôҶʦֺߵôǱס˰ɣǬ˸˵
ԣüͷһ壬ҡͷҿÿζҶʦֵģҶʦҲֻȥһϼ壬˵סҲҶʦְסˡ
˰ɣ㲻֪ǹϵĴŮ½ǰʵ˼ҵòȫһġ
ƢŹ֣ϲ׽ŪˣƤԣۺűŵòǵһģɣһô˳ŵĴŮܻῴ̿Ҷʦ֣ǬҡͷԵ˵
ߣ˵Ƿ۹⣬츳Ϊб£ҶʦֵΪ츳ԻԵܶ˵ġ
˵ˣҹ۲죬ҶʦֱȽģӦһλŮ˼ò̸ֹԼǷ޿޵ġһ˵
˵»ʦ㣿ǬЩȻ˵漴¶˼֮ɫ

ٷ彨УҶɶһľ֮ϣһŰɫȹĸһŮ
Ҷʦܣʦջ˵㱻ϴˣûʲô°ɣŮ˿ҶɣЩĵ˵
ԣҶɰ˰֣Цл»ʦˣ˼Ѿˣˣʦ˷ȥǧ£Ӧջķɣ
ԣŮ¶һ˿Ц⣬ͷţȥ˶࣬ɱ˺ܶۺޣԭʦһͬеġ
ʦܵջ˶̵ʱ䣬Ȼ׵ڣǿϲɺأɱ˶޶ֵø˵ġ
ҶɸЦһû˵Щ飬˿Ķţˮ»Ůȣ»˵֪ǿ˶٣Ҷĵ׺Ȼһ黳
»ʦЦòż¶Ľ̬֮Ҷɿȥ޿޵޵ĻһĿӣĽӽ֮飬ȻҶҲ⡣
ᣬ˵Ư㣬Ըϲ׽Ūˣľ㲻˵ʱ񲣬˵޼ɵ޹˼ɣŮһҲֻԶۣԲܽӴҪȻˣ֪
Ҷɲ֪ΪΣԶŮĸо෴˵ﲻ̫ϣǱʶﻹ¶
о»ʦ˵绨һĿԸҲǼã˵Ҫ˼ɣֿĿƣоܲãЩα
һȫͬʲô£ʲôƺɵ˵оֹ˿ù˼ɣһŮҲֻǱһ̣Ȼܡ
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Ҷʦܣʲôô񣿡Ҷɵı飬»Щɻʵ
Ŷûʲôˣ»ʦ㣬һҴȥѡһЩʦɷǰȥҶɺȻ˵ʵ
ԣ»һ˼ҡͷЦˣȻʦùʦ㲻ˣ´ȥǧɱޣʦܿһҪͬŶ
˵껰»˼򵥿˼䣬Ҷɱǽٷ壬˴˸кŲˡ
㿴Ҿ˵ҶʦֻȥģȥѡѡܾòȥһΡ
㿴ҶʦֿɵãἸʣ˭ѡͨôѾҶʦְǬҡͷԵ˵һӡ

Ҷ᲻ԼȺһ߷ĵأһʲô
ŮʱȥɱޣȥȥҶЩʵ
ţҪܰڶնɱǿ˸űңСԿһ¡һЦ˵
ôң˵ʱΣգҵһˡҶ˵ʵ
㲻ᡣᵭ˵֣ţ˵ΪҲǰĻᣬ
ףŮ޹ŮȽʺ㡣ҶץһöӸᡣ
ӹһ΢΢һЦʵԼ翴ֻһֱûü⼸ռҶһЦǱл⣬ҶҲᣬĿ
ᣬϼ֪ͨ㣬˵ʦ¡һϵȻ˶˵ĳĬ
ʦЩɻ˵꣬Ҷɴ˸кϼȥ
ҶҲѾѡһֹΪʥǴ󷨡ʵΪ֮ǿ˵ڵΪɣǿֱӿ߽ס
ȻҶɵĿĲЩлӰڶ㣬һݵ֮Ҷгɣڶֻ֮ΪڣǿȲ޷иٷʱ֮
ܰʥǴɣôлӰڶҲͿˣʵս֮нռмƣһڵĴʿκηֱӿڰշУڵϿգǴ򶷶ԵУԶܣ޷ĺô
صסҶĿ䲻֪ǣһС鷳ڵȴ


76 鷳
ǧ֮ڣϡ³ϣ˶Уڶ˶棬һϴɷİ׷ߣ򽣸һϣ֪ǧڡ
ءһ
һһǰʯŭһϹϿǸҶСӽгϷҪһ
ԣ˵³ϲһվָһ𺰵϶ȻǧҰҲʲôط
˵򽣸ΪߣҲҫߣĪ˵һƨӣɱһҲãֻܹ򽣸ʵ
ƨһŭһ৵һֱţŭ𱬵ƢԵһ𣬺ò֡
ҶСˣʲôıƣʤܰϣ˵ҶΪڣǧڣҪһ˵ҲС
ԺϷߣרնɱǧӣһɱһ㿴ϷܲóߣһվһЦ˵
ƥ˵ĻͲ뿪ˡ˵Ż³ƾҪ֡
״һϳûжֻһĿ£ЦΪҲϷ֣ߣ
Ǳˣʹ߽ձݵģȴûѵǲ֪򽣸ͣ
ֻҪϷ˵ǧڼ仵ǽϷˣٺ٣֪ģʹ߿ǲۿ˲ܵġ
ס֣ʱһֱû˵Ŀֹ³֣üͷ΢ĵһС֮ĶԹҿǻǲҪĺá
ʹߴ򽣸ΣϷͲţܲף֧һóϣǧնɱһӣĻҲԷڵġ
ԣһɫһҪڣϼңʹߴڲ򽣸󣬻˵֮£ٺ٣ԣһ£ǿ˵³ç£ֻʵ䷴˵أ
һЩ˸ŭһЩ״΢΢һЦ
ߣϹϷ͸һӣϷҲưոݵģҲ֪ϷӣǱҪϷһһ˵

淢һУҶɲ֪ٷʥǴ󷨡
Ҳ֪˶ã˫Ŀһüͷһ˵˹ɵǲѣֻǣʥǵЩŪ
أʥǴ󷨣Ҫһֶŵҩʥǵ浹УеһЩŪǾˡ
ҲһˣҪǾۺڶ޵ˣǿ൱ڴԲΪһЩڵ֣ûʮյĻҲ޵ĿС
Ͼﵽ˴ԲĲΣǿǰֻ̤߽ףͨкڵĴڣҲһ㡣
ڽһ˳̾˽й֮Ϊڡʵڡ
֮ϣǾǴ˵еĻˣ˵Իûҿԣ濴ȥ޷ֱһ޶Ҳֻ໯ӤڵϹ֣ſʶ®ɽĿ
ƳʥǵļߵͣҪͿ˵ļû˼ԽߣʥǵԽߡ
ݽܣɴ˹ǿȸߵͣҲǸʥǵߵͶģŪһö޵ʥǵֻҪɣǿɻἫǿᡣ
ޣٺ٣ÿˣܹŪһöۺ˶ˣ㲻ˣǧ֮Уǲòȥˡ˵꣬ҶһƬ˼֮С
Ҷʦ֣ϴȥ´ȥһˡʱ⴫
ԣҶ˼Ƕȥ
£´һţҶɱǸоһ˫񶾵ĿⶢԼĿˣһ׷ߡ
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ԣҶЩɻ֮⣬ʤ
ߣȻ㣬ϣҲˣøϷһ˰ɣղɱҲУҪϵΪһˡһϺ˵
һǧӣ㱻ɷˣҲǿʹˣԸִϷ͸һӣ硣
ҲϷòˣҲˡüͷһ˵
ԣһһδ̫ˣղܽɷˣϷպȻԸЧ͵ġ
в𣿡³ϳ
Ҷһֱûв죬˵̸Ҳ׸ţΪԼͽܱģҪԼɷˣҪ侳磬κһ֣ҶҲ޷ܡ
Ī˵ɷ޷磬ǶҲӰ첻СпԺ޷ٴν׵ġ
ңԼżʵ磿Ļ֪ʱܻȥˡ
ԵвԵϷ˵Լ뷨ٺ٣ǷܣԼǡ˵꣬һźâҶɡ

ϼɽţӰԶС
ףʦãҪȥģоһ£ȥǧɱһޣȡһЩĵҩúñչһ
Ǹ˵Ҷһڣеסˣżҩأȥǧ£֯ģϣҲܺһȥһŮ˵˵
ԣһĨ֮ɫҡͷ»ʦ㣬Ժ˵ʦȥʦЩ飬ȥ㡣
Ҳ»𻰣ǼҴҵȥѾͷʲôôе㲻ԸءıӰ»૵˵


77 쭵
ǧ´ڣҶɫĿˣǵĶԻƺʲôʹҪ°ִվԼС硣
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ѵҪô侳𣿡Ҷ̾Ϣһа˼ϳ֮ɫ
ȻҶͬ⣬ǾϷ֡˵ŻһһƾҪ֣³ƺ׼৵һµǰ״һҲŭһյĿſϡ
ˣ㶯֣ҲҪϷԳ֣̫أ˵껰Ҷǰ
һ֮⣬Ҷ侳֮ϷһЩҩ㾡ָġ˵̧꣬ƣ͵Ĺã
״ҶɫӣҲֻܽʵˣϵ˼϶ԼһЩôģҲ֮٣۾Ҷһŭ⣬¶ģһҪնɱһ𣬻ǸܣԼΪߵķԪХ
˵һ
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곤ҽһǰῴ˿һϣ˵˵һĮȻĵ˵ͷɫһЩ
һǰʤʦԪХκһıʲôǡɱɱڣʤȴǶɫģɱ֮ǰҪŮ֮¡˵Ż΢죬ǱƵһķϣһŮӣ϶Ὣ˵ģҶеһЩж
ߣѪˣʤļᶨСҿʩչȻ֮ʤİɣһЦ˵ԣɫЩѿƺЩŭԵӡ
ƨϲģʲôʦʲôͽܣûһöˣ㻹Ϸҿ˵ѣʱһȹٸȻ˴֮С
ԣϡ³϶һ㶣漴һ鴤ʵû뵽һĶŵʦãȻ˵ǿ۽硣
Ůޣʦ
㣿ߣһϿʦɫһᣬҪ˵ģĻûҲ֪ҵԸǧӾ͵ɡ
϶ԭʤһǸѧģǲҪϷ֮ʦְұôˣ˭ûбˣʲô£ֻܹһӵܣ򡣡Ȼôһ䣬ƺʦ˵һ㣬ⳤҲǳûʲôϰΪһ㡣
¶ˣǾһţСѾͷ꣬ҲСҶɸһЦ˳Ϊ̫˽Ը񣬸տʼ˵ôװĹɡҲʵͷۡ
ڿһϣˣɷ֮ŭգŮޣҲˣ˭Ҫ赲Ϸ򣬽Ŵսʹϻ᲻Ϊ˼ӶϷ򡣺ߣ
ԣⳤһЦȻͲˣҲʲôŴսҽɴ˳ǧڣնɱǧκιϵ
ƾ㣿һҲҺϷ˵һŭЦ
ټء
ٺ٣£һڣͲŻס㡣
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ϣϣôˣ״΢΢һ㶣˵˵һǽĸףһۣһϵһϮ¡
˵ȱ仯ҲҶɵԤϣѾȫԼܹˣƺԿһϷˣҶаɫ
ߣǣ벻Сӵӻ󣬾ȻҲˣǵҪڶԸϷ򣿡һ˵Ƣ꣬Ҳɵ˵
ԣϿ˿ⳤϣԵʦڣĳ׷ġ˵꣬俴һ۽ϡ
Ҷ҆ˣҵȻҪάһҪȲѵĻϷ˵Ҫɱеġ˵꣬϶Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ǰҶҲˣⳤԼģǿⳤϵӣΪⳡ鷳ܻȥˣֻԺ󣬾Ͳ̫˵ˡ
뷨һվڴλãˣԼĿ㣬̫Щ
úúãȻ˵ϷҲضԣֻϣǧеӵܻĳһ㡣һҲ㿴ˣûˣһ˦¼ݻŵȥ
ߣ϶ǧֻҪһϣȥ׷ɱ㣬նɱʮ򽣸ӳʱ򣬺ٺ٣򽣸˵ġʱϺȻЦ˵һ䣬ߵſڵһһ٣һ뿪ǧڡ
лⳤϣϣϡҶɿ˿λϣһ֣ص˵


78 嶾
һֻˣлϣȥлģ˼䣬ֽҶԺҪһЩ뿪´صԼס
ˣû°ҶʦܣƺٷȺʱЩʵǬˣҲһǵӡ
ţ˷лʦˣҶЩм˵
ҲҵģҲ֪£˵ҸϽȥҸףҸһ£ûжʣֱӱӦˡͷ
᣿ҶЩɻӡ
ɲǣɵúúøл˼ҵģΪ˲İп˵š
ԣҶӱʾԽԽЩ͸ŮΪˡ
ˣҶʦ֣ߺ󲻾ã»˵Ҫһȥɱޣ˷ǶӡʱȻʲô˵˵
Ŷٺ٣ҲдģʦǷǰȥҶʽ˲ڣҶûǲ룬ⷢΣա
ҾͲȥˣʱһֹΪķʱ䣬ԺлһȥɡЦ˵ȥЩصӡ
״ҶҲȰ˵һᣬ壬֪ͨ»һʱԼɡҶɱǶԻص˾ϥ
˷ӦúúллŮġҶ૵˵´ԼİΣŭһϵᣬȫԲòġ
ʵǿʱҲסӰǵԼøǿԱġҶ˵꣬˿һ֮ɫ
ţȳ֮ʱȥŮлɣһƪ˵껰Ҷڴȡһö
ϼصһƪΪָͨʩͨⷨһעָ֮УԼٶȼصٶȿ죬
ȻȱǲʹãڷĸɣռҶĿǰȫʢ״̬֮£ҲܹʩչһζѣĴ뷨
˫Ŀ΢գҶɱǿʼ

ɽԵһȥ֮һɫӰֶĿǧڷһаĻȡ
ߣ벻Сӻһ϶ûаôҵ취ȥʣ˵ҪԽϷϷ鷳ġ˵껰ɫӰµһŤ۵һûڣʧ

ĳƬľ֮ڣһϥɷ棬һŰµꡣ
Σȥ˸ϷסˣһκζϸϷ㱨³֮͡߷Ը
ǣһϣӾԲóʧ³֮ϣܹ͸ӡʵ
ԣоһ漴΢Цĵ˵ͷ״óһŻɷһ۵һʧ
ã˫Ŀâһ¶һ̵Цݡ

һºٷһʯ֮ϣҶӭŷֻʳָһ죬ϰâһſϸСĵɫ㸡ֶ
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৵һ£һϸİɫҶָ⼤صһǿʯ֮ϡ
һѤĹϼѶһʯɽһŨ̳ܵըѿƬ̺̳ɢһЩٿǿʯʧ룬ʣµһС飬ҲǲѺۡ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦͷ벻ֻʵٺ٣Ƿȫʩչ֪ʲôĿֲܡңûɵ¡
˵껰ҶĬĬվһᣬתסȥ
Ҷʦ֣ǧʦĵӣ㡣ʱǬһ۵İӣٷϡ
ٺ٣Ҷʦ壡һҶɣϹĳһΪҶɲ죬ǲҳƺʦֵġ
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Ҷʦ壬ʦ˼ҸںѼϣΪǷЩ⣬һЩԤĲϸ޷ںϡ
⼸죬ʦһֱ׶Σûʲôܹ֮ںϵĲϣܽ޲ȫ׸֪ʦ壬ĪҪżɫһ˵
ԣҶЩ֮ɫ漴˵ͷЦȥʦżҲʹã֤С
ǣǵȸˡ˵꣬Ҷɹ˹֣ҶɵͷűǬɽ塣
ĬĬػصסҶ°ͣһ˼֮ɫǰճأö͸뽻ǧڵʦ׼¼һ
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һ֮£ͿԳκһʶܹ֮ƿصĵطо綾ҶԼʧǷޱȣѼʶѰ
ڸ߽£ԶܷͻȻϮһºţӣϲ֮ǲͣҲ᲻ĸơ
Դ̬ȣͬԴԼıһ㣬ȶԴԼıﻹҪϲȴռһŨŨĳɾ͸С
Ƿǿп޵Ķֻʦһ˵Ҷĵ׵һڴ֮⡣
΢˼Ƭ̣ɫһ̧˦ĸС죬۵һû˵棬ܲһƹֽ֣סԴƴ򿪣о޷̽˵֮ʱҶɵһ䣬৵һ£һ֮ɫĳȻС


79 
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Ŷڹֱʹˣԣɫ˵˵
ңϷɲ˼ֻǴҶڵȴʹߴˣֻ֮⡣Ͻţǧȥ
ף˭ʱ꿴ӭһòŮſʵ
ԣϿ˿ŮŻ͵ʹߴˣǧڵᡣ
ʱҲ·ߣһĶŵӣ񾲵һЦڻѩһů
ϣμǰк
ܿҵΪȻһ㶡
ֻǲµģǿ϶ˣǳǷġ˵˿
ٺ٣µģǴϻۣҲǲ޵
лǰ佱ȸˣ˵껰Ŷ˹˹֣ǲ
ǲۼɨһģĿһ˿̰֮ɫıӰȥ
ʹߴˣҲ߰ɣǧ׼һЩϣ˲ҪЦ
Ӧһʹû˵ȥ

Ҷһ֮ϣǰڷһѺɫһɫҶΪҲоΪصĶͬʱҲǱȽͷ۵
ڤɻ꽣Ҷ֪󣬵ײҶã˵пֲ֮һ뵽Ҷɲ
ҶҲо󲻼򵥣ñڤɻ꽣ҪأӦûʲôΪ֪ĹܣֻԼһʱ޷͸
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷ̧ץ˺ɫоչȥȻѪ֮֮ϣȻû˿仯
ѵȻ޷ʹãǣûҵʹõķţְҶɳ
ҲֻĹܣױɷ֣ûʲô;ˣ˵ǼߣҶ־ÿϧ޷ҶɲЩʧȥȤ
ҲûʲôˣͿǲǱҪ϶ٵģҪŪˣǾӦòʲôҲûʲôϧˡ˵ŻҶɴһ˿ģȡһ׷նȥ
ûʲôӦҶɷע֮£ɫ˵һն˺ɫ֮ϡ
صһ
ɫһɣɫҲԶ״Ҷ𳤽̧һУವһ£ɫС

е˼ãȻҾͿޱȵڤɻ꽣ܷնơ˵ŻҶɿڳصն˺ɫ֮ϣȴǵûйעֻǼ򵥲ٿأⱻˡ
ءһ죡
ܽƹ΢΢һҶ˫ĿǺɫƶֺƬ̺ҶɼɫʯȻ𣬺ڽҲûܵ˿𻵡
״Ҷգգ۾Ҳ̸ϾϲҲûʲô̫⣬εҡҡͷӣʵˣȷԺоɣȿڤɻ꽣ܷ
ˡһ
ʱǺɫɫʯӴĵطȻһ֮ͬʱȻ΢΢
ৡһ¡
Ǻɫ⴦ȻӿоޱȣˣҶɷӦǺɫǱһա
ˣɫĲ·ƴֿһ㣬״ҶɸϽȥжڤɻ꽣ϵ
ʱɫ·һ㣬ȻһŴĿâһɿֲ֮ͷŶ
ţ֮иոɵĺͷŶڤɻ꽣ҶɾǣȻӿɫš
ҶǱһԹߣ⾪һĻ޷֡
۵һ£֮ϵɫʯȻųҫ۵â漴ɫͷųٴα
Ҳ֪˶ãɫ΢΢һͷųĺҲһЩâ£һɣţǺɫ·ϣӵһЩһ㣬ϵɫʯϼһʢҶС
ͨҶصб˵ϣɫ԰ףһϢޣ·󲡳һ㣬˫ĿȴЩɲǰ
ৣȻһųҫâһǿĲɫϼ˲䲼ƹ֣ȴûɢȥֻܿһƬ


80 
һĿռ䣬һΡͦεľ޷壬ӿŰһŰµ꣬ɽ¡
Ӧû˯ŵģôҶɿǰϤİľЩɲ˵
üͷһ壬֮ǰһĻǵڤɻ꽣ƺһһֺڽ֮󡭡һ٣Ҷ˼
֮龹ȻǵˣԼȻĳڵҶɣҲǵ۵꣬˫Ŀ˿ܣû
ɶһϤܰҶɵĶУԣҶɵ΢΢һɫ˲һ䡣
𣿡ҶЩһ֮ɫĴղϸǵԼĸٶ
ӣˣɰ뻵ˣһɣ
Ҷɺ˫Ŀ΢죬æܺƮ޷жϷҶɼò޳
ɶǣ˵ŻҶҲ޷ƣĴҴܵĽк
˵һ
ʱɽ帽Եһ֮ţǰɫͣռҲЩŤһģҶϤӰ
ǣǻôǰĸĸҶҲƲס᲻˳
ӣͺã㽲ɣٶ˵ŻĶҶһЦֽ뻳С
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ɶǶܺã㲻صģǶܺãҺҲ֪ô£ͺȻãܹ㣬⼸ô˺ӡҶ컺˵Ѿ˺ܾãҲЩģ
ɶãˣҽˣѾˣ͵һΪҶЩԺ˵ֵ˷ܵǣԼ˵ļҲһֻʮ
ԣҶٶ΢΢һЦ佱ɶĳˣΪ׷ĸˣøҸųɼˣĸҲͰˡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ЩСʧĸӦùϲԼӴǲǣôֻϲԼΪҪԼš
ɶСʱɼҵġҶһ䣬һžۣһҶɽһЩ븸ĸ˵һ
պԭͺһڣȻ˲гա
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Ȼĸ޷ȥҲӲקţ縸ԵĻɢҶɻԼһӡ
ʲô취ǳȥʲô״ûУˣͳȥʿϣʶ㣬취Ҷɶٶ˵
ˣǱҲ뿪ûֻҺ㣬һڲǸãαصǷǣҶɫһ˵
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״ҶɺȻҡҡͷæɶȻԸŸĸֻǣøĸԳȥţǳ˱ס𣿡
ѾԲȥģߣԼ߰ɡҶЩ˵
⣡ҶЩΪԼոսڣδĵ·кԶǷлӰҲİ취صıûоףһУҶɲѸԼ趨Ŀ꣬Ҫվ˵۷壬һֱŬȥԲƽһ
Ȼ»ʦ㣬ԵСҶɶЩᣬǽˣҶҲǿʼ
ɶ㣬ҪߣٶдŲᣬ˵ʵ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷɫһ˵ɶ˵ȥĸͬ⣬ɶԸǡ
ңһ죬ǻͬɶȥչģҲһҪ취Ҳܵƣɳ룬ٱ
ɶЩԺ˵ֻҪԸǣһھԲˡ˵ŻٶҶɵԴ
Ǻãȳȥһ£һ棬ⱻ˷֣ȥȥ뼸λʦֵܽһͻ㸸ĸ˵ŻҶ׼뿪
վסߣҿ̰쳾˰ɣԼĸĸҲˣ뿪һԺҲҪˣҺҲ㡣
ǣкҪҲաȻҶϴŭ˵ûκء


81 ɻ
ҶһȻ֮ɫҶһ㶣漴Щɻ׵Ƣ˵ڲͨ˵ԼȥһᶼС
ȰȰҶɰԼصıҶɿǲ˱ˣοԼȥлں»ʦ
ҲȰˣӣҪ㸸ĸͱҪˡҶɵϣһ۰ԼĸףҲ˿ûԼ˵ȻŸײˡ
ҳȥһСᣬٻҲΪʲôҶüͷһ壬оЩԣѵĸ˿סˣʲôԲɣ
УֻҪ뿪Ǳ㲻ˡҶն˵
ǲʲôѴҶɻʵ
ɵӣǾҪһžۣûʲôѴˣˡٶЩ˵˵
ԣҶɫ΢˵ͷЩĲɵϾԼĸĸҶǲܷġ
ֹգһ˵˵ЦЦٶǲʱҶɣҶɵǳìܣԼɻ
ͨ⼸ĽӴҶɸоĸЩİµķͬԼСʱϸڣĸ˵
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Ŷ𣿵ȻǵãϲҲûã׵ĻĸֻңǲֻġٶȻ˵˵
ⲻҶһæˣ
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ʲô̧ͷ˿ܣԭȵʧԼһƬɵĿռ֮Уϼ谵ϡ
״Ҷɲɫһ䣬һ֮ɫȡʶһŶעܵĶ֪ǰڣһǻþ
Ҷɵĸĸ˵ΣһŤ䶯֮£ûΪֻĶɺ˫ĿҶɡ
ԭΪܹԶʶû뵽Ǳ㷢ˣϧڶһǾͳɹˡ
Ȼ㴳˵һ棬ǿʵɡ˵껰ֻ磬Ҷͷ
أҶɻ߶һ䣬ϸ룬һ֮£ܿ˶Ĺϰâһȥ
ˢһһֻİСĶ³һƬҶɿٵӶȥ״ҶɲմȾһ漴һܡ
ͬʱҶгâһವһŸߴĶ״ߴкâһһŤĶ˹ȥ
ʱɫȻһת£ŰСնȥһĻ̫ͻȻǶûüǱɫ۵һͷ­һն£ʬͨһˤ˵ϡ
Ҷɸˣͷʬ岱ȻϼһһɹŨĺɫðţһǰһ޶ͷ­ʬ
֮壿Ҷɫһ˵


82 ĵ
Сӣˣ޷ùǵģǾǲ֮塣˵ŻСվΣһѺɫҶһնȥ
ݣ
һâһХķҶŰɫһ㣬৵һ£ǵâնơ
һ֮£Ŷնȥֻеһ٣صһֵҶɷһ֮£ɫΣ壬ҲǴмѿˡ
ʱһֻмѪɫҶɫһһ䣬৵һ£һâǷƬ
۵һ
⣬ܲСѪɫն鿪ţǺɫκ赲۵һߴնϡ
ǰСʬٴðںҪһ㣬״Ҷ˫Ż򣬱׶ֱնصĶȥ
ۣ
һ촫ʬ壬ΪһɫţҶֹͣ󣬱ٴλۣջûֻ
˷ҶҲЩԼһͣģֻȴǲ֮ȥԼվҪľģʱɾ׸ˡ
ֻһָٴη˹ҶһСĵֵһתҶЩɻǣֻǿᣬĹԼױǿԻ⡣
Լ޷ɱֻҶɵǲֹֻ̫ǽķ˷̫ķʱɷҶɾԲɡ
ǣҶɼٷ䷢ֻĹҲҶɸоƾԼĻ⣬ǿԽֵ
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ѵΪԼǿǿԼ뵽Ҷ¶˼֮ɫһԥϷ·¶ĳ־һ㡣
ʱǸߴٴμһϸСĺâźɫкȥ״ҶɾȻûпƱֵƾǵâԼ
Ҫ״ǸߴĶ¶֮ɫæں
Ҷһ㶣漴һ۵һ£׵ؽǺâֵסҶɵֵסâֻ˿ǵӣֱԼԼ
죡
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৵һ£Ҷɻһ漴ɢһɫȭӰֱҶɵȥ
Ҫ
໺𣡡
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ʱֻ֮ţҲ֪ʲôԼԺ֮йעȥҶɸϽƴֿ
Խǵֿͷ­ԽǻƺҪըһʹޱȡһ֮£Ҷˤ˵ϣʹ˹ȥ

ϼڣһɫݹ⼤Ȼ߽׵ĴڣԼ俴һ꣬΢Զȥ
һṦỺſ˳Щ֮⣬ǸЦӯӯĿᡣ
ʦ㣬ʹߴ˾Ȼ˵ؿ㣬ĪǿʦˣʦҪһɳˡ
ʱ򣬿ɱԺҲԸ׷ʦߵġ˵꣬һĽ֮ɫЩ㽵ӡ
ԣüһ壬û˵ʲô˼󣬱ٷ巽˹ȥһ˿֮ɫ

ףôҶɲ֪ʱ˹˫Ŀһؿ˿ܣ侹Ȼ˾ԭϣһҲǱˮʪ
ܽƹ𣬺ɫڵϣԶǰڤɻ꽣ҲԭûһпȥǰİԼƺڹŹתһȦ
üͷһ壬ҶЩɻгֻ֮ɫ
ոյľǰʵѵֻһξǵоڽ漴ͻ𣬽ţĸپֻսȻ󡭡
ף
ҶɫһоԺ֮УȻ˳һЩ΢ӦһɫЩŹ


83 Ԫ
Ժ֮жϢҶǿ˿ֿ˿ɫɵɻ
ͨЩϢҶյ֪Լ֮ǰͨ飬һΪ趯ֻ֣Ҫ֮У뿪ɹĻһգ꽫Զ
ڶ飬ҶЩˣǿʵǾҪնɱˣȱҪñնɱͷԣս֮ʱĴηη
ҪأնɱˣǿסԼľֻһֹ֮նɱֻңֻ޷նɱġ
ͨ飬ҶɸоԼ⾳ҲԼԼʲô鿴ҲǸ͸
ȻĺôЩԺжһֹԪ
ԺеϢ˹ûʲôܣȴǱȽʵãԽзԻںϣ
ˮֲͬԣһ޷һֹͬʱõģУҲںһʹãǵˮ֮
ˡԪǿԽˮ֮ںһ𣬲ӷܣˮںϺľ޴
ãҶȴòϣΪԼûʲôҪںϵķͨ˵򵥣ȴǼΪķʱ䣬Ҷɲûд
Ԫͬһһ㣬ӡҶɵԺ֮У޷⴫һԼϣЩϢԶʧΪһص߽ɡ
Ҷɻ󣬾⹦Ǵõģǵڤɻ꽣ԼɫЩжˣãӦ֮ϲ
Ҷ΢У˼Ҫúоһ˷õعҲ֮٣ʵɺϣԼҲǲ֪صı
Ҷʦ֣ˣҶ˼֮ʣ⴫ǬҶɵ˼
ԣҶɫһ֪ˣڴһ¡
˵껰һ˼ҶɱǽԼԶĺɫţܽƣҶɱ뿪˴˵ء

ٷ彨ڣҶɣˣƺʲô
㵹ǴðȣҲ˵ʦ㡣һЦ˵˵
ʦ㣬ԽҶ⼸һֹҲǸոϣһֱûüȥлʦ㡣Ҷɵͷ˵ϴЩǸ⣬ҪлᣬڿԼ֡ûнлĻ˵ڡ
ϣˣʦҿǾȹ㣬Ҷֻ¿ˣкβ𣿺ðɣȻҶʦܲϲʦͲˡ
ֻ»ʦ˵ȥǧɱ֮ǰ֪ͨһôҲǰȥ𣿡Щɻʵ
˵ͷҶŪһŵȼߵˣʥǴ󷨣ЩǰȥһܺõĻᣬԼԸ˾ۺڶ׵ޡ
Ҳǰȥһ£ôҲȥҶɿ˿ᣬüͷһ˵
ȥȥͲˣֻ֪ͨһġһЦص˵
˵һᣬȥҶɶһ˼һṦ򣬽˽һԼǰȥɱ޵飬ǶԴϢ

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ʦ֣Ϊǿ찡ȻҲﵽ۷壬ͶʦһƺʱͻƵڵġһЦ
ٺ٣ʦܿˣϾսãϲнһֻҪһЩҩҲָտɴġ΢Ц˵漴΢еĿ˿ǰĶ󣬰ĿҶɵϡ
Щ˵У˶ڶ⣬ҶɻһλڵĴڣҶɼǧһϵӣθա
˵ʵǿŽǧһǰʮ½֮ϣ֮֮ǿս£ڣһҲֻ֣ƴһ˸˽սĻᡣ
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λ˷ɱ޵жҴģԣϣҶһ£ʦֵܵ
ȣһλãʦǰú󷨽ƣȻ֮ʦܣ
θʦ֣ҶʦܣҪȫϣ˵ͬţƣһΣʱ˿ˣ˵˵
û
ʦֵģ
ʦֲǵһ֯ˣǶ㡣һʾ޳ɶ˼
״΢΢һЦãȻˣҲ˵ǧȻֵѡһ󷨽Ƶλðɡ
˵껰ͷŶǧҶһֱû˵ĬĬĸȥܸоЩ⣬ƺǰһ˫۾ڶЩˣ˵ڶԼ


84 
ǧĳܹʯİɫƮɢգһֿҰϢ
˵أ꣬һֻۺﶷһһһ£òһŶзᡣ
໺𣡡
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ԣİ꿴˿ǰߣޱ˵ʦܣȻǰͲҪƽЩбնɱ޶Ȼɴһƽֵģǻһ˵˵أ
ݵ۽һæЦٺ٣ʦ˵ǣͰʦֵİ취ɡ
ţˣͽ޵ĻͲȥˣǾͿնɱ߽ޣֵѲõ󷨵С˵Żһǧȥ״зһԥҲǸȥ
ˣѰҸ߽޵Ķݣֻһֱû̫ߵޣڼֻۺڳޣҲǱնɱ˼Ѱ̡

һ棬һֻͷǣҰɽ˫ĿɺĹֺţʱĳײܵĵɫ֣ÿһζǱһأ޹
ڹܣʮӰһϲ֮ɫĿһĻҪ֪ۺڵҰɽǾԵǿ󣬵Ǵ˽ȴǰȻĽУɼ˽ƵܲС
ʦֵ󷨹ʱҾȻ̣ǣƣסֻ󡣡һŶɫȹЦŮ˿һ˵
ԣʦֵһ˿֮ɫЦٺ٣˵𶷷ʵҿʦö硣
󷨽һж꣬Ǳ޸ĵģcԪ󡯣Чһֻһֹܣ˵Ī˵ǾۺޣǽޣĽסġ
ң״Уһɱ󣬿ǣסޣϾƻ󣬺ٺ٣ɱ
˵һ룬λʦֹصһЦһ̧ͣ۵һû˽ɫĳ
һ
м䣬ͬɫĹһָϸ׻žž֮
ţȻǾ޴Ұɽȥٶ֮죬Ұɽûüͬʱ֮ϡ
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һƬѤϼѶһ΢ҡΣһṦ򣬹ϼɢ˱һţֻǿ׳ľۺҰɽǵ˽Ĵ
ţ׾Ե󣿡ȻһЩͰ͵˵г֮ɫ
ԣеɫһ䣬һ˼֮ɫһãȻƺͷһ˵ͷ
ʱʦֹһЦͷʦܹȻⲢȫľ׾Ե󣬴಻۳
׾Եε˵߽Ҳ޷һ֮˵󷨲ȫһޣҲԽشġȻǴ˷Ըǵȸ߽޵ġⷢ⡣
ԣҶɲ۽һԼһǺ˽⣬һо󷨵Ŀֲ֮
ִҶţԼҲ޷ֵס϶ڶԷУлúúѧϰһܹ֮ǰУ˵Խɱ˵ġ
һ˼ţҶԽǾ󷨽Ƶã¶ģ˷ȥ㲻ѧᣬҲҪɱеĴ˵ҲΪһֱֶΡ
˸˼˽֮ʣʬ屻ʦƹʧָܻ
ˣʦôû˵صľۺޣѰĪǳʲô⣿ǣǽʦܵĳ꣬Щɻʵ
ѻ죬ۺޣǼ̫ߣʦȫնɱۺڸ߽ף߶ޣŻġƳһۣ˵˵
ҲǾ˵˵ЦЦȴ
ҶʦܣôôĬʲô𣿡ʱһ΢Ц»˿Ҷɣ˵ʵ
ŶûʲôҴ˷׼ȫȻĴҶɳ»һЦ
ֲǵһˣȻЩ飬Ҫǲ׼ֵ㣬׷ģԣͲõĵģ˽ޣʦֵڳ󷨣ҲᰲȻġ»Ҷƺʲô£˵İο
ԣҶӦһ֪»Լ£ûнʲôΪһ˿ָоһ˫۾ڶˣͷë
Ҷɵı飬ƺµʲôҶǰЦҶʦܣõģܾЩˡ
ǵһɱޣҲһĸоԺϰ˾ͺã£ʦ㱣㣬
һЦҶЩӣôһ˵ȴ˲٣ҲһЦ
Щ˰ɣҶЩԳ˵
ʱֻԶʦɫһһһʯУŻɫϼǧڵĶ̾봫ʯ
ҿʦҪǡʦֻ䣬˱ǼйɵһɢȥһṦ򣬴˵رǰÿտյ
Լôһ㹦Զһ˻𣬴ط֮ţǸӰ̤ɽļһֻʮ֮޵ȻһŽӲӵĹϼȥɷˣͷųֲѹ


85 ֲħЫ
ǧһֱԵ̤ɽգվԣɫأЩ֮ɫ
ڶ˶棬һֻ̬ľЫЫʮɴСȫӲӣһɺصĽϢǿȥʵ
һһɶ೤ľǯǰײĦ֮޴ͷ­֮ϣֻɫĿֱתûżŶ˷𹥻
ֻЫһѺۣһֻʧһ鲼ż˿ڣȥЩǱӡ
ʦ֣ȷܹʰ˵պֻħǶ֣ܵһЩƣʵʵڵĽްʵ߽׵ġʱݶŶСֹһ䡣
ԣ¶һ˿ɬ̾ϢҲûа취飬ֻۺڶ̫ƻûиǳ
ǡԪЫħǶսҵײΪŹ𣿾ǲҲ׷ģϣʦܵĴðɡ򡭡
˵һ룬Ƕסûм˵ȥȻǶ˶ûʲôģҲ֮٣ֻܿ˶࣬ԼԸЫĻԼҲӲˡ
ôᷢʲô˰ɣʱüͷһ壬Ŷ˵
ԣ΢˼Ƭ̣漴оâһƽ·ɽȥ
أ
״ԪЫֻǯǰһڣЩӣ˫Ŀ鶯Ŀ˿ܣ¾Ħ
۵һ
һɫҺ壬ԾЫΪһƬƵŶһֶȥзһ㣬ƳͻȻ٣
ԪЫ͵ǰһ壬ٶȾǲڶֺ࣬ڿԪЫ嵽ǰǰͣĵطͻ
ЫϿһ֮ţܺȻϼһһɫֶǾзصһײ˽ɫֵıԵ
ˣ
ɫһҡΣ漴ϼһǰȻԪЫ״ӶǯŽɫֺȥɫֵѡ
ͬʱԶȻڳʮӰɫΧ£˸оԪЫһֲѹ֮ʱɫһ䡣
ʲô𣬽ޣ
⣬ʦ֣ûиɣЩܶù˵ֻԸۺ𣿡
ȺдһɧҲֻ˭һ䡣
ʲôȻѾסǾռȨһ⣬󲻱֮ʱֱԶݱǡ
ѵĿһֻ˱˵Ľ޶ǿ̫ϧˣ˭ҪߣҶš˵Ż˿ˡ
ٺ٣Ȼʦ˵һģңҶԼ״Щĵġʦ΢Ц˵ȴǳС֮ɫ
ã㶡ʦ֡
ԣһģ߾һߣһҷΣգ˭Ҳǿġ
һ޳ɵ𣬳꿴ޣЩ֮ɫϾնɱһֻ˸߽ޣǿһ붼ġ
ǺãǾͰտʼķƻٶ֣˭ҲҪ˵껰䵽棬ǰ߿ųϼһವһſԪЫնȥ
״˷׷׷ųΪһϼ˾޴ħЫ
أһ˼ֻͱﱻһ˫ǯɣıԪЫûںϡ
ֻмѷıն˳˿ڣ˾޴ħЫ˵ֱͬѥɦһ㣬𲻵ʲôá
һĻҲ˷׷զ࣬Ǿ޴ħЫԹԵĺŴЩؿܵˡ
Ҳѹ־Ы񣬼һڸ߽ףҲҵսһֻޣһͬ׵޶սռϷ磬䱾ǿʲôֶΡ
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ħЫϼϸС˿ڿţһԽӲӵľǯƴغŽƹ֣ýɫһҵҡΡ
ãʦ֣޷̫̬Ǹ޷˵ô죿꿴ҡҡλεĴһ˵
ԣ˿ҶɣصĵҶʦܣθʦȫְɣˡ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷθǿһֻСĺɫħЫͷһҶȥ
ţһâһݵһ£žЫնȥһܲħЫһתҲ
ֻǯһ̧صһܲСһɣΪҶɵɫҪֵʱħЫβͺȻһصһɫһԡ
ʦܣ󷨣ϽԸ
ԣʦܵӰ˵ͷҲûǰ֮ɫȴǳ֮⡣
˫ַ任ͣ漴Žƹһ㣬˵һڹһɫ쭷磬ۼ죬ԵˮͰϸĹ
ɫ죬׻ͣŰһ֮£·޴ħЫȥ
֣ɰڴһʧܣҵٳ룬򲻿սһ߿Ʊ﹥һ߹ϵĺ
ϴ֮޷նɱ˴ֻħЫҲʹ˸ûնɱЫʵ粻ٶߣսĻֻһ;
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һ춯ı췢俴ħЫ³һɫ漴ڻΪһΪɫѤϼ˿ʵֻܿűһٺҹ
صһ
ʱɫƹһ󼫶Ť֮󣬺ȻҶ״˲ɫһ䣬οʼûмħЫǻûߡ
һɫأҴһ£СĶŹϼĴȴŽ
৵һ£ʱĴϼɢȻٴαâһɹɿֲϢĲɢһת顣
ŽâѸӣ̼ǽһֶ룬˫ĿһգʶǻҵĲӰ޷̽ʵ
ʦ־
ҡһĲҽд
ãٳ롣ʱ˶дٵĺöԸЩҲǿʼĴҴڣϼ֮ԼĵطӶݶȥ
˿й֮ʣĪ˵ͬţֵܣһƴȣ˵Ľкһ̤зѸٵطɶš
Ҷվڷз֮ϣҿ˿üͷһ壬ԭʮͬУӳĲָ֮вһ̾Ϣ
ף
ʱɶеҶɺȻ۽һȻûпӰҶɻ֮ʣȻ»Щ˵ʦ֣ʦˣûҪȥȡ
û˵꣬»ͱһƴΣɫһ̾˿漴ԥĴ»ԶȥҲһ֮ɫ
Ҷɫһᣬ漴˫üһƺĳ־һ㣬εתſԪЫȥ


86 սħЫ
һֻʮɴСľЫ˺ۣȥǱӶ޴ЫǯǰһӰݺȥ
״Ӱһ䣬һⱦڰտֵۿҪ֧ŲסҲǴ˾Ыشһʵ½룬ǰһС࣬Ѵ֮
ˣħЫʵҲǰŮԵֵģοŮһˣƺƶ䲻㡣
ҪǣЫûиŮ˿ĵĻᣬֻҪԼԷģǳȥƺܣԼǻᱻһ
Ůڵأ񾪾Ŀ˿ܵʬ壬¶ŨŨĲʣ԰׵ϣ˾֮⡣
ۣŮһѪҲֲס˵ϣպⱻһɣţ俴һѸµЫǯ˫Ŀһգ΢΢
أһ죡
Ůһ𣬵оԼûбУȻ˫ĿһһâЫǯЩŮӦȻһ
ţһ˫ůƣӱԼֻ°âԼٵĵ
һз̫ͻȻŮͷĻᶼûУЩ΢ʱ򣬺ȻħЫһŭǰһ塣
ವһŮоԼ壬Զһ˦ȴƮƮڵϣȻԼϼӳ˷
ͬʱһɫӰԼǰưһѪɫУħЫһֻ۾ȥ
ŮĻͿܣҲϲס̫õġһϤŮ˫֮УϤԡ
һ̣ŮȻЩס˫ĿԵĿŴ꣬Ҳ֪Щʲô꽻Ļǰ·ߴꡣ
ŮӣǱħЫˣûüᣬ꣬ȻǸոϻҶɡ
صһħЫջЫǯǺɫеסȴһ˿ڣȻûϵѪɫ
ʱƺعæƿҩһԵ˽ȥţ˫ĿһգϾǳһ˿ĺΣȻǷʱ߷ĵҩһ㸱ü󣬶˺ҲǲС
ħЫſһ磬һϸĽɫҶɺȥ״Ҷ۽һµһŤΡ
ವһҶɵӰʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ǹҶǰĵ棬ըһ޴ӣҶɵӰӱԵĵݳɫȴǱǰ԰һЩơ
Ҷɸոճֵ˲䣬һöɫ̼ҶͷȥҶɸûзҲ֮æһ׼ʩչֵָ
৵һ£һȻҶɵͷö̵ֵͬʱЩһȳһյҶǰ
Сβͷļ̣ղžǶң˵󣬵ٶȿó棬˷ʤһ֮ɫ˵
ԣҶɵ˵ͷ˫Ŀȴǽضž޴ħЫҷ˿
ôܹˣߣ취סһ£ģֶӵġҶͷҲص˵
УҪ߾һߣңôԼߣҵʲôˣն˵
ԣҶɾһůüͷһ˵ӵĻ޷ʹ÷зڰֲĹǽз䣬ˤˤ
ԣֻܿߣûĶҲãģؼʱ̣һСæġ
Ҷ˵꣬ȻΪҪٴοȰ˵ֻħЫһһֻЫǯڵһɨ
Ҷ̧Űһ㣬ɫйϼһһ³Ыǯ֮ϣֵ
ͬʱֻЫǯԸ߿մŶһĶ䣬ǿƺֵȴЩӡ
৵һ£
ħЫβһ죬һ´ӰŶһȥҶɫ΢漴ǰЫβһ㡣
һĲ৵һ£һϸİɫҶָ⼤صĺЫβ֮ϣþЫһ˻һ֮Ыβһء
Ȼ˲ᣡҶֹһ䣬ץһֱۣҪԶߡ
ۡһ
һɫħЫһзĶˣμһԶȥյħЫ˫Ŀâһ·֪ҶѲ׼ȶԸҶɣһ֮£һֻǰ㣬Ҷɱȥ
״Ҷһһֻ΢΢һͣǴ͸⣬ǷǰҶŴȥ
ͬʱͷ粻ƣ˵Ыβٴһ
Сģƴֿǯᣬ鼱֮¾ȻϼһҶԣһСܻǰ
۵һ죬ҶֻΣߵķݰ㱻ЫβһĶɣȻҶɵֲһ
Ů
һָصһ£Ҷʩչľָǰֵס漴һŤ֮£ʧеĹһա
ͬʱٴγҶɵΣǹѪһŮ㣬ô
㣬ӰɣˣллˣҶȿȡû˵꣬һҵĿɫҲǸӲ԰ס
˴˿̣Ҷɸ޷ᣬϾ˷ˣҲΪԼЫβһ
Ҷ׼ųС࣬ߵʱ򣬺Ȼоʲô˺󱳣һͣǰһڵ̱˵ϡ
ڻԵǰһ̣¶һֵĿҶɵ󣬽ţʧȥκ֪Ļ˹ȥ


87 
Ҳ֪˶ãеҶɸоһ飬ͷԻ漴ƺ뵽ʲô˫ĿȻ˿
Ŀ˫ĿһУӦƬ̺󣬲ѰǵûԵʱԼԡѵԼû
ʲôҶɫ˲һ䣬ڳ˵
ҶɲûǿԪЫȻˣҶɵΣȻڻ֮ǰڵĵطȻⲢ𾪵ԭ
ҶɲԶһ׷ϥɫ԰ףһЩѪϢҲǲȣȥ˲Сơ
壬ԣ֪
Ҷɿ˿ʬ壬ٿ˿ᣬ󣬽Ŀߵϣһĵ֮ɫһ˿ɻ֮⡣
߲ˣ򽣸һϣ
ǺǣϷԪ룬Ȼôˣȷʵһ˫ĿһҶЦ˵
ǣôҪ˺Ҷɶһ˵
ǣĪ˵Ϸ˭ҲŹȴʹȥҪúĥһһ
ɱ޵ʱڴ˵ؼ˰ɣҶɺȻ֮ǰһֱֱ˶ŵĸо
ԣһһͷСӻϷȴǴ뿪ǧڣһֱˡ
Ҫǿ˶࣬Ϸֽסֻĳ֣Ƕ
ǽֻԪЫˣȴǱϷ򣬴˷һٶãסնɱһֻޣ˵˵ˣһжֵˣ
Ҷԣ𾪲ѣ̾һϵĻ֮ҲܳסԼ϶ʲô³
˵ˣȴʵʵڵԲԼȫʢʱڣҲ޷ģỹ֪ˣԼӲһϵĶ֡
ٺ٣СӣҪŷϷϢһᣬʹǻ򽣸ֻҪһߣϷͽŮɱˣңҲӲϷĵġƺҶɵͼ˵˵
Ϣһ£һҲ˲ɣҶ˫Ŀһе˵ȴûиóȻ֡
ԣһɫһ漴Цԣ֪ϷˣȻûɱǣȻа취Ըǵģѵ㻹ΪƾڵΪֵܹϷ򲻳ɣ
ȿȣһȣдüһ˹Щã˫Ŀ俴Եһ֮ʱæվЫһˣܵҶԣȴǲûҶǰԾȻ֪˴˵
ŮôˣһΪˣҶɿ˿ᣬһʯͷ˿
մȾһ˿˿Ѫò԰ףгŵ֮ɫƺЩӣȥҶɵУȴ
ûҲˣ϶ڣǻܺ𣿡ῴ˿Զһϣ˵˵㲵գ¶һ˿εЦݡ
û°ɣǽô죿Ҷѯʵ
ԣҶüͷһ壬ԲִУ¼ǼԪҶҲûаն˿ͬʱӵ
û£ǸĶ֣ӵûʲôġҶɵ
ǿһ˿ᶼûˡʱһϺȻһЦһֻһ죬ָ⴦Ȼ͸κɫҺ壬ֲһմȾήðںȥ綾ޱȵӡ
Ҷɶ˲ĿУһվΣһЦ⡣
СӣҪ˵ղԼܵĻмϣԭΪնɱֻ֮󣬱ǻȥû뵽ǰϷ˾綾ֻ֮˹ƶʱȷ޷ֹܵġ
ûκϣˣǹԹԵ־ܣϷԶ֣ȻϷһ֣ͻȽŮɱˣȻס㣬ص򽣸úĥһƺҶɱĥò³һϷһЦ
߰ɣβҪˣڼ޷֣ûлָģҾһᡣȻҶ˵
Ҷûлش𣬶üͷ΢˼ʲôתһವһ£һɫС߼
˵ԼҲǷûлָû˿ʤ㣬ΣҶҲִܾеġ
ҲᶪġҶɵ˵һ䣬漴˫ĿһУ˿Զһϡ
ԣһůжĿ˿ҶɣϾ¶һЦݡлл˵꣬ɫһĿתһϡ
һԿԧ죬ֲ㵱ҪնɱҵͽԭŮ޹ϵһ㣬ʤԲɱġ
ߣȻǲִУϷԳ֣ǰŮɱкһһЦţһһǿϢͷŶ


88 սһ
һ϶ֵӣҶɫأСҲǻΪʮɴСһ죬˫Ŀų׹⡣
ˣаնԸ𣿡ʱСȻ괫
ԣҶüͷһ壬Сഫûգִܲеģôˣ
Сû˵ȴǵֱתҲ֪Щʲô
Ŷԭֻۺн׵ޣֲøϷ֣ΪֻסϷ򲻳ɣߣ˵꣬һһЦ
طϻˣסǣԼ֡ҶһĿһϣַ䴢ϡ
ãϷڵģһϻһ٣˫ĿһУ䶯֣ԪȻһףһ˻
ͬע˷һ㣬ɢԶȥ
һĻ΢΢һ㶣Ĺܴһ޺֮ҵ洫һ֮ƺʲôȻŴ˴ܶ
ǣһɲ֮ɫɻĿ˿ܡ
ҶƺС˵ʲôϺȻֳһЦݣһЦ˵ϹСٻͬ飬мֻڸ߽׵ޡ
ٺ٣ҪסǣӣԼܲˡ˵꣬Ҷɫ׼ֹһߡ
ԣҲһ˿ϲɫԶһУźɫ籣Լͷ
ʲô󣡡һɫ΢˵Ī˵ֻһֻڵԼǶԸˡ
ˣ
ŲԽԽһƺܵǿϢңֹһֻ˴
ΪסϷ򣿺ߣ˵Ϸ򻹿ԳûŮնɱڴˡ䣬һѺ󱳴һžݵ䵶
ವһ䵶ֶһἤȥ
״ͷ䵶һɣصһ£ֻǸոսӴǹϼһҪһɵʱһɫϼһصײ䵶֮ϡ
һϲΪԲĴڣҶ˺Ҳһǿֵӣҿ὿΢ƺʱֲס
ߣһߣߵдʣһ޷Զ죬ţӿ
ɫѸŤ̼䣬ǻΪһֳֻһɫ޸Ҷɶһ˶ȥ
۵һ
һˮͰϸİɫԪֱӺ˶ϣһĵĺ˼һɫҲɢ˲١
ʲô⣬Ϲʥް׻ıͨôܣһĻһ¶֮⡣
Ҷɶ˿Ҫֲסʱһɫһߵ䵶֮ϣ˷ֵ˲ٵѹ䵶Щ
ˣ
ԶһֻСɽȻųص壬Ҷƽ״һɫһ䡣
˿ǲ֪޵Ӵ壬ֿ˿Ҷɣ󣬽ĿԪϡ
һûϵԪȻͨ˵Ӱնɱһʱ޷쵽ˣϾԪͨҲһ㡣
ˣƵ·ûһϵ࣬ҪֻԶԶһۣһ޷Կĸо
ߣˣСӣ´ɾûôõˡۼŽ޷նɱǣһ¼ݻæĿ˿Ǿ޴ĿԪЫʬ塣
һУ৵һ£һƬɹϼϯħЫϯȥߵ˼Ǵʬ˵ء
С࣬סҶɼæԸһ
۵һһɫʬ֮ϣܻɫϼһɢգһ˸ա
㣿ߣСֹԼȡʬ壬һϱףҶɶˣԲɱշ޵ʬ壬Լߡ
һſԪЫɱȥͬʱֻವһԪϼһħЫʬ弤ȥõһǰ
󣡡һһŭ֮£̧Űһ㣬ৣȻԪһ˶ȥ
״ԪһŤβһ֮£صǶײһ
ôʱһָ̧ħЫʬһץȻ۽һһתǺһȭӰ
صһ
һϸİɫײȭӰ֮ϣߺȻһѶ˵飬ħЫʬȴҲûԪǶײ֮һ˶ȥ
ʱȻҲ˸׷һһ棬֮
ͬʱһһֻ˫ħǣһ˫ɺ˫ĿֻܶޣһǽڵĴڡ
˵龰һɫ䣬˲֮ɫĿħЫһۡߣǵţϷ´ζҪǳǣܡ
䣬伱æһ䵶׼˵ء
ߣ˵˷ԲӵģߵľٶҶɸϽԸԪһųһնȥ
״Ᾱǲ˷֮ʹٴһŵҩɫһ±úҲǻָ˼ֳ̧֣Űպһ㣬һȥ
ۼֻ޽ӽڱ˲ס˵Ҫڴˣ¶һ֮ɫݺݵؿҶһۣæ֮£䵶ֵȥ


89 Ƕ
أһ죡
߽˱ɵ£ԪǻħЫʬǰһ˿֮ɫһƬɫϼһֶȥ
״һϲҵִ̧ʮųСĻɫϼǵصϯȥ
ۣ췢ɫϼһӴȻ˲ƵĻ磬Ǳ
ЩȴҲǽɫϼ
ڴʱ²֪ʱĳһ̺ϼһ֮৵һڿѸ䵶æƳһֻٱޡ
סϷǸϷţ´ξԲŹǡߣ˵껰ѸٵԶжȥ
ৣԶֻ˫ħ˫Ŀâһ߷׷ȥ
״ЩżҪʩչʲôȥߣһȴֻްֵĵ
ʱȴǱҶһסæץסһֱֻۣԪһԾȥԪǾ޿һţâһǽħЫʬСС
䡱һ
ԪϼһѸһ෴ķȥ
ʲôǲȥ׷Ǹ϶ôô֣ûϣһɻ˵
׷׷ȥֻܹǾûˣС࣬㣬׷ϡҶɼæߴš
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ԣҶһۣܲϵҶƭˣ˵û֪ٵģ˭Ҳټˡ
һһܹǼ˵С¶Ҫģ㵹ǽƻƽﻹû
ĻҶӣЦٽƻǱˣˣ˵꣬ҶɻǧڣᡮݺһĻ
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㣿Թ𣿡΢ĬһСᣬ˵˵˶ϥ˫ĿҶɡ
ԣҶüͷһ壬漴չһЦٺ٣ʱȷͦԹġ
ҶɵĻɫһţҶɼȥˣҲôС֮ˣǧһϹ鷳ʱҲæġ
ĻľͱϴˣڶսħЫʱ㲻Ҳҵһ𣬺ٺ١
ԣƺ˿ЦҵģȱҲῴΪ˵ģû뵽ҡ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷ΢΢һЦϾҲңҲ˵һϹģʵʱӴҸо㲢ûб濴ȥôġ
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Щȴ̾˿Ĭһ˿Ʈ𣬲԰ɫɫȻ޷סա
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ʱһ˷Լ·ûһĻţʼմαߣֻװĸԶҡ
ƺһ㣬˵һЩҶΪ֮ȵĻʵû뵽ǰôһŮӣоȻô飬ֲûԸ
Ȼ޷ı䣬ǾŽܣ߲УԼˣϾЩ޷ıġ
벻㾹Ȼ¡Ҷ̾Ϣһвһ˿ϧ֮顣
ٺ٣Ҳ֪ΪΣȻ˵ô£ǵһ֪Щˣǲе߶ˣЦЦ˵˵
ҶһĿһ£صĵ˵ͷģȴһİۡ
৵һ
ʱԪȻݳ֣ͣǧΧԶ˵ؼҰƽʱҲǺٳ֡
ˣǲǲҪϢһˣСЩ˵
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һᣬҶ΢Цίһ°ɣϢգȻ̣沼һ󷨡˵ŻҶó˼æµ
뵽ҪйŮһңһ죬ȻЩߵӣһ˼󣬻˶֮Уǰʳĵҩ֮ȴǿʼ


90 ܰΣ
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紫˵УЩԶʱսǿҲǳΪһ㶼кܴĸãʱһ޷ܵˣ֮ó֣ǽ᲻ս԰ܣ׸
ǽҩǽǶƴģ˵һضʱ䣬ǽǼʹģֱڷ֮ĥ¡
źߣһͳзĽ΢΢һһȹѱˮʪϡһͷ˿ҲǱʪŲ԰׵Ȼֳˮܽذ֮С
ǰһĻ᲻ʱҶɺȻЩڸĪһ⣬Щ֪ӡ
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ҶվΣȥ
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˵껰Ҷ̾ߣҲǳûпּΣЩյУҶץһֻƣ˳ƾͶȥ
ᱻҶץסƵһɲǣü΢壬΢΢һܵƴǹůɢһЩҩһ泩дһźߣ̴΢źϡ
Ҷɼ״ոѹȥ·ٴȼһڿˮϾ˶ʢɲһд˵ȱ仯Ҳʵ
ҶŬʱЩ֮£һᵱ̴һţߵ㣬Ūˣ
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΢֮УҹŴʹмᣬһ˱ĿĻָŷ
ҶҲڸĿϢɫҲǱ֮ǰǿ˼ֹ֣֮߰Ҷ৵һ˫Ŀ
ڻָĲˣʱȥˡһ䣬Ҷת׿˿ᣬüͷһ壬⼸ܽӴԼ˾Σ
֪ӺʱʼҶɶŮȻĸоо˴һܰѳΪһϰߣ뵽ΣգԼҲǻᵣġ
ָо֪ӺʱʼҶָоԲñ˺Լ˵ƴҶɲǺָоģꣿ
һߺ˼ţһĬĬȴĻָ

ԪХǳ߰˸ˣΪ˶Ըˣ㻹׼˺֣ǲеСˣڴԲҲǿնɱġһƬԭϣһЩм˵
ԣ߰˵ӰһڵΪһڵߣһŻµߣңȷԪХ
ߣС߻ֻޣֻһϹԣǧ»гһЩͬ飬ԣֻǧšԪХ˵˵
ϷЩֻҪɣӦϷĺô˾ͳɣĿԵȵʱڵߣüͷһ˵
ԣԪХصһЦ˵ٺ٣ôһϹģȻǣҲû뵽ǴӾȻġ
һǧһ·СӴߣͻǣǴֱ룬һϹ˵л·𣿡
һϹĵӾȻϲȻķʣǳ֣ĪСϣʲôУΪβԼͽģ˵һ䡣
һԪХ΢һ㣬ǾͲزˣնɱȻʲôҲԶġ
˽ϣôȻǣ䲻Լͽǵ򽣸Դ°ɡ
ԪХ˵꣬˵˵ͷֻзԪХԼо˸ЩЦĿˣв˼
һϹ赶ɱˣǽСɱ֮϶תֽȫУõкôֲó㶫ǽˡ
ңӹǧڵ׷ϹẠ̊́ĻܲԼ˵ģЩ̫СҷԪХˣٺ١Ц뵽ţԪХ˿Զüͷ΢壬ƺ˼ʲô


91 
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һƬϿգһףһӰһԲ״з֮ϣ޻ȥ
ɫӰһ꣬ƤԺڣľګ˫Ŀǰ¶һ˿Ц⡣
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˿̵ĶߣһϢѻָ˿Ҷɣ˫Ŀһ䣬¶Цݣ˼ֵ꣬˼񾲡
Ҷǲ𣿡һ䡣
ԣҶɻعͷҡͷЦڻȥ»Ͷȵһʱ䣬һϹԣҾû취ˡ
ٺ٣㵹Сģô֪һǣ¶һȻ֮ɫ˵
ҲֻǲµģϹܴǧһֱǣֱɱͷų֣ɼĻ֮ǲòСһġҶһ˼شһ䡣
ţ⵹ǲҲ˿ԪЫľ綾Ҳⶾ֣ȻСĹӽܡЦӯӯĿ˿ҶɣЩ޵˵
˵˵ЦЦ޻Ҷᳵ·˾ԵջҪ䷿漴תȥҶɿܷʲô
Ҷʧǣ˱ϮɢҲûһ֮£ҶɱһЩõķһЩĵҩصס
ڣҶɶһңڴߣ˫ĿԶԺУʱֳһӰ𵭵Ц⡣
Ƭ̺˫ĿһɫȻЩȻҲԶŵģȻˣͷЩʱƻȥɡһϹ
һ˼΢΢ҡҡͷЩϧ˵ϧǼˣһУһϹȥ
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˵ŻҶɺȻһЦһϹǰԼһѣľԼһԼȡýˣһϹڱء
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷȥһöǿʼо˴˷֮ĥ£ҶɸоԼڵƿƺҲɶһЩ

Եջĳ侲ڣ˫˫Ŀʱ¶΢Цʱüͷһ壬СһԺУʱֳһӰܽԼΣ֮С
˵ȥ˧еʣԼ˵츳ȥЩӰռԺ
һṦƺ뵽ʲôȻɫһɫЩ
Ҳ֪ʹߴûߣһ٣Щεҡҡͷ

һºҶɿŷз뿪޻ǧڷ
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һ·ƹȥǶһЩʱգɽǣֱƵɽǰҶ˵Ļش
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ҲͬǱǼӣѲӵ񣬵ʱģɽתˣָ߹ʽӣûȵͼġҶҡͷ
ԣһЦ˵ôίڲҲʽ𣬻Ǻĵӣʦ佱ء
ʱɽԵǧɽ֮󣬷ȥɽƮɢɽǰǧڵƽʱǾԲﾭһǺķʱ䣬Ҫķѷɢܵ
ĵӣߣΣһҪƳȥġҶ֮ǰҪԼ飬˵ŻҶɿŷһͷɽ֮С
û㻹ǳġȻһЦ˵
ҶЩҪ˵Ȼɫһ䣬æŷзһԼȥ
صһ
һ޴Ľɫ֣ȻҶɵܣ֮£зһײϣöһĵЩˤ
СӣȻﾭҲϷȺʱġ䣬ɫֱԵһŤΣţ߰˵ӰֶϽһöɵķ
˵֮һߣˣɫһ㣿ԪХ˿߰ڴʿлһڵĴڣټܵĽƣܣҲܲȥǶ֣ҶǺʤ㣬뵽Ҷɲɫ


92 
Сܷ࣬ƿܵĴ󡣡Ҷɲ֪ʱ䵽˵棬һ䣬ڷһâһ󣬻ΪһֻʮɴСɫߡ
ۡһ
һɫصһǰɫ֮ϣ΢΢һΣϼһ֮£ǻָ
⣡Ҷ˫ĿһУȻС඼޷ƿԼ޷ƿˣĻԸ߰˸ʿǸġ
Сӣ㻹ǲҪڰ׷Ļˣǲ֣˺ûдչҲ޷ƿ󷨵ġ
һϹ򽣸ڽģڴԲĴڣҲѵģȻȫԳһģϷ͸ᣬٺ١ԪХĿҶһۣ˵˵
ԣҶüͷһ壬ת֮£΢΢˵ͷҲֻжڤɻ꽣һˣҲǺܴ
˵ǳɹˣԼҲݵıɷһ㣬ûʲôߵģһ˼Ҷɿ˿ᡣ
Ůһ취ƿϿȥùңа취ߵġҶɫһ˵
ҲߵģϣĻԺҪ˵ˣʲôѣһһԵģѡȨһɵĿ˵
֪ӣҶǰ˼룬侲˼άҲû뵽һӳȥİ취Σյİ취ҲûС

ʦܣҶûδϼˣȥǧȥһһϼǳİ㣬ϾҶǱСĻһǧڣ˵˵
ԣ³üͷһ壬ͷҲãҾʹ˹ȥˣʦ֣˷ʹߣΪλãǰ깱Ʒ㷵ȥ𣿡
ٺ٣Ͳ˵ˣҵȻǲҪĺã˵ϵţҲ֪ͼıʲô˵꣬˫ĿһУ˼˵
³ԣһ˿ɻ֮ɫЩĬ

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Ҷɫ԰ףȻһЩƣɫصվһͷŸԵı¶һ˿֮ɫ
߰ڴʿԿűЦĿмĶˣڵߣȴһֱûг֡
һ翴һĿԼŨŨϢҶɶ˵ģԼҲʵڲ漣ķҶ˫ĿһУûлᣬҲҪƴһµģ漴һ䣬׼ȡڤɻ꽣
ʱȻץסҶɵһֻƣҶһ㶡
˵ҪˣҪ㡣·𿴵ĵӺȻ΢Ц˵꣬ϴһ֮С
ԣҶĵһɲ֮⣬·һ̣˼ֱһ㣬ʹѣƽʱܲȸܣǰ˵ģƺܵһָȾһЩδ˵ĻҲߡ
㣬𣿡Ҷ˵һ䣬ȴûлشֻһЦҶɵ˵ͷ
һ̣ҶɵУƺɺ飬Լ£ҲҪס뵽ҶɶСഫС࣬һƿϻӳȥ֪𣿡
СĬãЩ̫ԸĻӦһ
ӹȻۺ˺һȻǿٺ٣ϷԳֿ׻ʲôֶΡʱڵǰһһǿϢͻȻͷŶ
һ̣䵥һ̧ವһһ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһɫС졣
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ҶĿ£һɫСâ˸һ±ʮɴСɷ֮˿ȥһţɫıò
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Ҷ˵һգƺһЩ֮С
ʱֻպȻһ֮һ֮·ʲôʹһ㣬ëȻ
ţҶԼ俴һ׻ڴƬڿռֶžž֮һ޷ݵǿѹɢҶɸоһ޷תֺʶҲǲͷųʧȥκι۲ǰߵһƬ
ֲֿܵĳҶɲʧȥκοظܵĽҲ΢һ˼Ҷץ֣ս˼֣˳Ĭƺڵȴĩյĵ
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һ֮£ЩˤҶɵĻУ˳صֵܵ쭷硣Ҷǽرᡣͬһ㡣
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ǵҶɿ״֮ʱһ֣¶һȻı飬ŨŨ֮⡣
죬հĹ죡
˿̣Ǹ˿ܲСĺɫ죬۶ϵڵأԪХ߰ڴʿǲ֪˵ϡܴҲʧ
ΨԪХһˣվ㶵ķŴϹһ֮ɫã˿ڿˮ񾪾ĿҶɣ㣬ôģ


93 նɱԪХ
˷ԪХʻҶɲ΢΢һ㶣˿ҶҲЩɣԭҪնɱԼˣ̼䣬ϡͿɥڴˣ
˿ҶЩɲ񣬷ԪХ񷢺죬ŭ򽣸ԯնɱңˣǧڣҲס㡣
㲻Ҫ˵ģСӣʵ㣬ϷһرգңӲסϷҲܺ޲
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˵껰ԪХ˿Ԫٿ˿տյܣĿҶɵϣҲһ˿ɻ֮⣬˵ԼҲǲҶдʵţɲòš
ŶҪ˵Ҳлɵģⶼûйϵͬʩչ˲˻գǿ϶ܲˡҶ˵꣬ſᣬŵһɫһ㣬ವһϼ˸䣬ŷԪХһնȥ
״ԪХɫһ䣬漴¶һ˿ЦϷ򣿺ߣû¡
䣬ԪХµһŤ䶯ݡһ䣬ԪХû棬Ǵʹߣֵ˼ûУԼĶǺĵġ
Ѵˣȥ׷ҶɿɲԸ⽫ı£˵˻С໯ΪವһûҶ֮ڡ
ţҶɫµһŤ֮۵һҶɵҲû˵֮С
ֱʱƺеûعҲ֪ڻζűҶɱڻеĸоЩǰһĻ

һߣԪХĳ룬ڵˮɶӣٶޱȡ
ߣСӿ϶С顯֮ĶܿǱȱֲö࣬Ȼܽԯը١
Ҳ֣ΪϷûܵ˺ģһƷûа취ƲΧģԼҲӦܵ˵ģϾ󶼻ٻˡԪХһ߿ӶţһЩɻ˵
Щ죬ҪϽ¸ߡû˵꣬ԪХȻɫһ䣬ʲô˿ĶȻϷʩչ죿
ԪХ˵ûлͷȴĸоҶɵӰԶһֲ˼ٶȣŴ˴ٽӽ
⣬У׷ϡԪХ˵꣬Ѹٵŵ֮϶ȥһ棬ǵһ䣬ųһηһԾվϡ
˵һ
һηϼһѸڿն𣬴һХ֮Զȥ
Ȼ̵Ĺ޷˦ҶɣԪХǹϵʹ˷зȶһٶȶ࣬ΨһƴҲֻзˣֻҶɾ취֧źý˦¡
ڷԪХͬʱҶҲǷųзһǰһҲʮ֮Զ
˽ƴ߶УֻʱԪХɫЩ԰ȡһֻƿҲ֪ʲôҩ漴һϢָ˼֣ƴش߶
ʱҶҲǾȫȻ޷˾룬ʱһһҲĲС漴ԪȻתٵıĵķ
˸ֱչٶȽûǰٶȣ˵Ҷʹ˹ԪܹٻָȻܲסƴػӻ
ʱķԪХǰԽп಻ѣǰʳĽҩ˵ʱָһЩҩһ֮Ҳʹ಻
ϦĻɫʣ
һԭϿգԪХڼֲסЩŤŤĿŷз䵽棬ųڷɽ׼ƴһ
ûãҶҲɫ԰׵ĳǰ˷зٴμɫһĿŷԪХ
ȻҪ׷ϷҲֻƴһսԪХ˵˵ţͷڷɽһ㡣
ವһϼһҶɼȥ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦһ˦ķųС࣬ɫڷɽֵ
˿̵ҶɣɲһǰԪХʱˣʱ򲻹ڣԸԪХЩڶ˽ڵĴڣҷԪХڻҩԷ֮ʹһʵʮߣҶɶ൱
Сȴһ㣬ʮɴСŷԪХһ˶ȥ޿һ֮£³һɫ
״ԪХɫһ˿̸޷ֵͨۼܲˣæųһСܻǰ
صһ
ɫصĺ˶֮ϣԪХΣͬߵķݰ㵽ڷɽ˿ƣϼһҶɵɫһɡ
κεֵ֮£ɫϼһϯһ֮ŷԪХһնȥԪХæٻضƻǰ
صһ
ն˶֮ϣԪХƴֵСȴǳûƵԪХһ˫鶯۾תͣŷԪХٴһţŷԪХһ˶ȥ
ǰгС࣬ԪХ֮£һСӳȭӰֳ̧ŵһ㡣
ˢһһǽԵȽȽǽ࣬һˮĵѣһͬȼգӾͬʱʩչԵĻܡ
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һҵı촫һĿϼѶƿԪХæһ
ۣһ𣬻ֻ˼Ǳɫһƶصĺ˷ԪХ֮ϡ
أεķѣţһЩõĻɫţԶȥ
ͬзһ㣬Ҷһָǵһ㡣ವһ£һϸİɫ׼ȷĺǹ֮ϣɢԪХ
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94 
ٷ彨ĳ侲ڣһɫӰϥ°ͣƺ˼ʲô
ˣǰصǧڵҶɣ
նɱԪХ֮󣬱ԭ·ȥᣬڰ·˱ǷţҶһڼ»ҲҶɡ
Ҷû뵽ǣϣҲԹԼѯһЩ飬ҶɽŸϽһ̫ϸȴû˵
˷ʵ죬ǵȱ£ʩչ˰г֣˰гֵļʲ
һǲûзκˣҲ˻Լǣ᣿ǷԪХ˵߽״Ҳܹ֣Ͳò²ˡҡҡͷȻ벻ͨҶҲͲᡣ
ЩҩӦ㹻ԲˣϣܹһٳɹɣҶóһֻƿ޻ĵҩԼԪԿԪҶкܴİܹɹ
˷أӦþҪȥˡ˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһգԪȻתԪٵıڡ

ʦ㣬Ҷʦֻûгأû취ٷɽţǬһεĿᣬ˵˵
ˣûг𣿡ü΢˵
ԣ˵ͷӿڵǰҲûʲô취Ҷʦֳأȥ㡣
΢˼Ƭ̣˵ͷתȥҲҪ׼չһ
ã˿ˣһΪǡ
˰ɣ㿴λҶʦǵĹϵǲ֪綼ˣҶʦǧٮٮߣһһ޵С
ҺʦǸɲŮòһԣ˭ĽҶһߵúܻܽᡭû˵꣬һۣתȥ
ιһû˵أȵȡ˵ŻǬ׷˹ȥ

ڣҶŵɫΣһϢǿͷϹ¶ĺ飬·Щӡ
һṦץƿһ֮£ƿеҩһ̶ƿһӣһ
Ҳ֪˶ãзһ䣬৵һ£ϼһ˫ĿЩʧӡ
Ӧòǵҩ⡣Ҷ૵
ԭǰҶɱ˳Ľڣ䱾ƾеҩһͻԲһ֮ҶɷָС
ΪԼ֮еĵҩԼİֱ΢΢ԺԲƣʼΪҩֱʣ൤ҩ̷ʧܣҶɲ
˶ʱ䣬СǺؽ׵˾ۺ˸߽ס
ֻȥżһˣֻһЩƷ׸Щĵҩģѧϰһ֮ʥǵƳɹʥǴ󷨡ֻſԽлӰɹġҶ˵꣬˫Ŀһе˼
ڶգǧڣҶɵӰУһߣʦ
ٺ٣ʵڲ˼嶾룬ûдﵽԤЧĻ߽嶾룬ֱǱɡʦп˵
ԣҶЩʧɫǲ֪룬ﵽʲôЧ
ʦһ֣嶾ȡ˳ͷȷһΣûϣֻϧϷַޣиʱ֮һ
˵ɱΣƾڵΪƿش˱͵ϮµһЩʿˡ
Ŷٺ٣ǾͶлʦˡ˵ŻҶɽӹ룬ֵĴ

պҶɸᣬˣԶǰһ·ల£ֱº󣬲Ÿϵ˹żҡ
żҴڣһ߶һľ֮ϣ棬ҶɵӰǳ˴˵ء
ŷѣ겻ǺǡҶɹ˹֣˵
Ҷʶǳƾҩ佻ˣʱҶɲһڵĵͽСʿ
ԣŷһ㶣漴һЦҶᣬٶȹȻͬһ㣬ͨڣûȡ
Ҳֻ͵ĴڣܹᲢ۵ģٺ٣֪Ѵ˷ǰϷʲôܹģ
ҶһڴʿŷҲÿϾԼҲڶ塣
ŶҶĳѧϰһ֪֮ŵܷһҶɴʥǵԼƣϾҩǽˣۺ죬ĵСʱ֪ģҲв·ġ
һһһϦѧģңҪĻ츳Ҫ֪Щ˼Ϊٸߣһ֮ϣȴ޷ġ
ȻҶѧĳǿ㽻һЩľ飬һЩĵϷҲǿԸ㼸סŷ˵˵
Ǳлŵˣˣŵͻڼʵ鵤ߵҲСҶ˵꣬ŷɫЩüͷһĿ˿Ҷɡ


95 ԪƷҩʦ
ҶѶڵȻ̫˽⣬ܹӽʵġԪɳƵʥҩȶ޷Ƴ
ңԪҩѰݼûеģ˵ССĹżңнԪģ
УǺֵҩԶȵҩö࣬ԪǲѰңԪĵҶ޷Ѱġŷ˵˵
Ŷֲ߽ϡ٣ԭˡ˵Щ⣬ҶҲû̫⣬ϾҪһʱġ
ŵѣԲĵҩӦаɣҶһ䡣
ٺ٣ȻűơԪģԲ轫﷨黯ȫշ磬ͬӰΰĴڡ
֮ʱзѹ̳ɵ״ϽԪпܽ׵ģãҶϷ㽻һЩĻ֪ʶŷ˵껰ǴҶŴȥ
ĸº󣬹żĳ֮ڣһɫӰɫأһߵͭա
ڴ˶·һԲʯ̨мһСĶףһɹȵ棬Ӷ緢ͭСΪ˻֮ɫ
һṦ򣬰ɫӰɫһֳ̧Զһ㣬صһ죬һɣɫС֮УʮŵɫԲҩһ˰ɫӰǰ
һɵҩ㣬ƮɢҩңɫӰǰĵҩ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
žžž
һһҩǰţ漴ϸļһҩɫԼԲ̶ȡ
߹һЦЩŰɫӰ˵Ҷѣⲻţֱ찡츳Ȼߣ
˵ǰһ¯鵤ɹ˵Ǵɣ¯鵤ٴƳɹҵҩɫҩ̶ȣ˿Ϸġ
ǿʼ㱿ֱţڿ϶ΪϷŪϷģֱ漣
˵֮ǹŷ壬һӰڹżѧϰĸµҶɣɫСǹŷҶá
ڶµĻ棬ǹżǰĪķȦĵ׾רãȻʹõĲϣҶҲǻǮġ
ܹڴ˵ѧϰѸǧӣȲϷ棬żǲܿģⱻ˵ʧֹ˷ѵ
Ǻǣŵˣǰʧ˼ʮεģֻɹΰˡҶ̾Ϣһ
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Ȼ⻹ƲƷҩʦģϾʧʻܸߣҲһϾûƹƷҩġ٩٩̸˵
ŶԺڵ棬ŵָһҶɿ˵
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˶٣߼Ȼйγɹ飬ԺҲһˣҪҪ˵츳ҲǷǳҪ
һԼ¼ĶĵãҶѲϷ㡣
⣡Ҷɫһν޹»ĵãǿɼһӵľѪעУҪԼļȥ·
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ԣҶһϵӣʣ߼Ϸֻ£һƵҩĲϷãҶѾˣƳĵҩϣ¡
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Ȼ˶ǰżƵҩǰᶼ㷽£ԲΪ㣬Σ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷ˽һЦ˲ǿԼһչǰύһˡ
뵽ҶɿڵǱлŵˣԺҶĳ£ڹżҪʱҶĳᾡһġ
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Ҷڴ˵ִ£뿪˴˵أȥһЩ̣㹺һЩ󷨣ԼĲϡ
ҶߣŷЦݻһգЩӡ벻С̶̰ͣʱ䣬ȻﵽԪƷҩʦĳ̶ȡ
Ժڵһ;ĻչģУϿ֪ͨһҪ£һ
ߵ˼Ҷɲ֪ĳڣһöǰ߽ĳ󷨡


96 ʥǵ
лˣ󷨣ҲҪˡҶָһöŵһ˵
úãǰԵȣ͸ǰùһЦ˵漴ݸҶɼֽ̡öĳƷݸҶɡ
жʯҶɱתȥҶɵңµһˣնɱң߰ڴʿĴһҲûҪҶɡ
ûãҶɵӰֳһҩ̣˼ִ꣬һ¼ҩ䣬תȥ
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λǰеƷʡֽīмַ֮ʮҪĳףнף͸߽׵ķ˵ŻݸҶһֻ
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˷Ҷɿνض飬Ϊûʯգ֮ȫ׼ȥоһ֮
˵̫У⼸ҶɵľԽӸо󷨵Ŀ֮оңЩϵȻԼʶûз֣Ŀ¿ɼһߡ
ԣѧϰһЩûлҶֹһЩݵ伮ǼЩĴС飬ԼһЩ󷨣ҩȱ֮
Ȼ˷ջ񣬱ǽʥǵĲȫ֣ĵ¯ǹŷ͸Ҷһ
һ˼£һ߸·ºҶɻصǧԼסһ֮ϣ·˼ʲô
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ס΢һҶǧ󣬽һЩʯһ䵤֮ڣмһԲʯ̨м緢棬ǵػ
ݹŷ˵ƵҩҪֵػ𣬶ҴСҲǿԿƣִֻ˵еĻӤ棬ԪӤ֮Ҿ˵ӤɹʼߣҲֻǴŰˣϾûĴڡ
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˵һҶʵûокѴһµĵҩǲ̫ϤػƣʧʻһЩ
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㿴ǴԣҶʦǧҲԺգһһնɱ˺üˣǴġ
˵꣬΢΢һЦԼһ㡣
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ʲôҶʦ岻ôСˣ˵Ҳû˵ʲôֵ̫ġЩ޹˵
ߣ֪ʲôڿɲҶʦ飬ʹߡߵĻû˵ֻ꣬һ죬ĳ䵤ʯһ
һŨҩ㣬ɢ֮һڣǸоĿһṦһɫӰ˳ϴ֮ɫһöɫ˶ˡ
Ҷʦ壬ϣǱرǼ䵤ˡɫһ˵˵
ˣҶɣһЦݣ֪˷ջġ
ţˣĶʰһ°ɡ˵껰Ҷɱȥ
صסҶСۼգҶɼǬΪﵽھŲ۷壬ǽԼʣµһչسһ
Ҹ岻żֻҪΪﵽҲΪ취Ūһţ˻˼գҶɱǸˣԼ׼չغܳһʱ䣬˶ʱ䲻Ҫκ˴š
֮Ҷȥ̽ᣬǬ˵ҹԼüΣҲ֪ǲʲô顣
Ǭû˵ЩҶҲ׼ȥһ˵ģΪĵףҲһΣԼʱ˼֮⡣


97 ʥǽ
ϼ彨ڣᣬҶɣ˵˵ЦЦƺʲôĵ顣
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ȻйԪԿԪʡʱ䣬ЩҶȴǲû˵
ţ⵹Ҳǣˣǰ˵ҪչأžϴαչһҵʱɣЩɵ˵
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ŶӦһǳĬ
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뵽Ҷ΢΢һЦҴ˷չسȥһ˽£³֮ȥתת
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Ҷɻصסĳ侲֮ڣŴգȫҽС׼ֹ˺Ȼ롣
˫Ŀһյһ֮ϣԺһʥǴ󷨣ֱ󣬸оûʲô©ĵط˫Ŀһ׼
һ˼䵥ˢһһ㵭ɫΣȻ䶯һŤһ㣬ڹҲǷ°͸°͵ı֮ǱĽġ
ʥǴ֮ʱȥҪܲСʹ࣬һ㳣ʵЩܲס
һṦҶɵϣǳ˶ĺ飬ҧ˫԰׵ϣһ֮ɫ

ʲôϢɿĳ侲ڣһ׷ߣǰһ꣬Щɲ˵
ԣһĻشһϣǱ޷֪ˣźܶ˶֪ˡ
ң˵ңȺӣ˹߰䣬ףڵȴع飬ôȥǧʦ
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һеˣ˵õЩòʧˣڸŶڣҲû˭ңӦòȥǧڵġ
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ԣһ΢΢һЦоһĵٺ٣߰ڴʿ㲻ңһĸ߽Ҳ֮һˡ
ֱȥǧڣǲҿԣǼп֣ܵϷҪǰжˣС˵ӣһ֪ͨҡ
ǣһϣ˵껰תȥ

淢һУҶɲ֪˿ڳĪʹ࣬ңǼһ֮á
ʱҶѱˮʪƤȴǳֳĻɫ͵ĹΣɫȴЩҰף΢΢
Ƭ̺伱æóһֻƿʥǵУƿһ䵥һ
˵һ
ϼһʢԭɫƤȻ˵֮ɫҴһֽʸУȥʵޱȡ
â˸Ҷǲʱı任ŷҲ֪˶ãĿâһ漴ϼһ
ţзһͣģ֮ɫȥԭҶԭķɫ˫Ŀһ˲ͷĺˮĳ˿Щƣϣ¶һ˿ʱЦݡ
һǿҶɲ˫ȭһգ°͸°ͱ֮
벻ʥǴ󷨣ȻĥгɣϢһҲڿлӰеķɶ֮ˡһ뵽ʹκηƾ֮ڰշУҶɲ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ˫Ŀ˸˼


98 ɶ֮
ڣҶֳַʣպ³ʵɫīӳַ֮£һŻɵķֽϣһص·ȥ£ȴԵȼ
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ҶɵЩΣлὫ׷Ƴɹоһмķж
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Ӱ뿪ã˭ûע⵽ĵ̹ͬ䶯ѪɫͷƳɷ֮

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һṦ˫Ŀһзһ䣬һͺȡ𣡡
һĻˣԭϵҶɣ·ҡһṦ򣬾Ȼҡҡλεա
ɹˣҶϲɫһ¶һ˷֮ɫע֮£зûϱ任ವһˤ䵽˵档

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˵ȫʹҶɫЩŤȴԴŨŨ˷֮ɫƺڻڰշео
ϢһСᣬȫʹҶٴգһ֮£ڽƹ֮ƶ˷ȴɫأ˿Ĵ⣬ⷢϴεı硣
ºҶգϴŨŨЦ⣬һವһ£ǳ˽ƹһˣڹڷСպ󣬸оЩ֧ͣ䵽棬ǰϡ
ٺ٣ڳɹˣֻǿռ̫С֪ɷɶݣǺεҶ˫ĿһУ˵˵
˺ԵУشĴԼգӸ£ռкܴȨӣҲصķз䡣ɴݵطɶݶߡ
뵽ҶɲЩѹѹеɫһ
ڣֻʣһûѧϰˣҪȥȵһ״̬Ϊһ˵ȥһ󷨣ȻͻԴ򣡡Ҷ˵꣬кâһ¶һ˿ɷ
Ƭ̺״ָ̬ȡһֻƿĵҩԪ
ƿһԣ˫Ŀһգˢһһ㵭ɫϼԪٵıҶʩչ˹Ԫ
߰˸ºҶȻΪ˿ûһϢȴȻ֮ǰǿ˲٣ϼҲԽԽʢ
৵һ£зһ䣬Ԫƺͬҵйһ㣬Ҷڹעȥ


99 벽
ǧڣ壡
һɫӰЩ°վڷ嶥ӭ磬ȥɫЩˣµнĴڡ
ˣڽ׵ڣ˱չ֮ã֪ʱǷٴνףЩ˵
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ֻǴ˿̵ĶˣƺȥۣȻɶʮ꣡
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壬ٺ٣üģʱǬ֪ʲôʱߣһ㶣漴Щɬ֮⡣
ʲôʱģҶδ֣ڣٺ٣治һ㡣Ц˵
˵ģܹڣ˽ʦֵģָŪһ˷һûлᣬҲЩʧܡ
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ԣǬ¶֮ɫһ󣬷ߣ˵˾Ļ
ʲô۾û˵꣬ͱǬס죬һЦ֮ɫ
Ҿ˵СôҲˣԭô£ðɣˣȻһЦ˵漴ЩĿ˿Ǭ
׼ͱ˵ٺ٣Ҫ֮ĸ飬ҲŲ㣡˵꣬Ǭһ˵ЩС˵־ӡ
ڶ֮ʱȻһˬʵЦ
Ǻǣڸʲôǲʲôңһ䣬һŰ£ƤԺڣЩľګ֮ɫ꣬Ȼ˶ԡ
˲ˣǸոճصҶɣ
˿̵ҶɣԸߴ׳࣬˼ûʲôֱҲӣȥһƣҲһɼ֮ɫֻһʵСĿ
Ǭǰ꣬ȻһЦ˵Ҷʦ֣Ҫҿ¶ˣ
ŶôСӽҶˣҶɺȻɫһ˵
ԣǬæӵ˵Ҷʦ仯̫ˣҴﵽʲô̶ȣҲǼ˵ġ
ԣҶɺȻһЦͷǺǣЦأ㼱ģϲˣڽˡ
ҶʦˣǬĽ죿˵ϲǵӦùϲҶʦֵģȻٴͻƣʵʵڵԲˣǶҪ֪ƵǬҡͷԵ˵š
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ԣɫһҡͷҳԹΣҵĵҩҲʳɾûãܣⱲԵ˰ɣ
įӣǬļҶ΢΢һЦǻʱģʱ䣬취ŪЩҩ
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˵Щˣٺ٣ߣǽȥģ˵ŻҶת˽ǬҲ֪Ūƣ˵˵ЦЦһƷƣò֡
ɫ˶һЩ⣬Ҳûʹ÷ʹԼѣ󣬾ͬ˰ſ˯
ڶһ磬Ǭ֪ʱ뿪˴˴Ҷɶ˲²⣬ǬǼҴҵĸ˻һֻӸҶɡ
£㴩һˣǬЦǺǵ˵ԭ֪ҶŪһǰҶеķġ
ҶɸоСʽҲǱȽ⣬˵˵ЦЦһṦҶѯһЩ磬ǧʲô仯뿪ٷ塣
ڣʦһֲ˼񣬿ǰһ꣬ϴһЩɻ֮ɫ
㣬ҶȻԲ벽ֽ֮СˣϷ޵ݰϲˣǺǡʦ˿Ҷɣ˵˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦǽҰˣٺ٣ˣʦ˷һЩ飬Ҫһġ


100 
ĳķڣһ꣬һͮͮĴ󶦸Ŵ·ʯ̨緢Ļ棬ڵİãмƵӡ
ˣڴ˴ϰһҶɣƺĳ󷨡
ǰߴСĶڣϡɼżֲڻҶǲʱĶ붦һЩϣƺĳֽĿʯ
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һ̣䵥һವһ֧Сâһһ뵽˶ڣûǹɻҺɫҺ֮С
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Ҷ̧һ㣬СȻһ㵭Ԫ֣ҶʩԪֽСڼûС֮ڵʱȴЩƺЩѵӡ
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˽ЩҶɴ˷û̫УϾԼڵļʶԶԶֻҪһЩ֪ʶԼ򵥵ֶΣԺʱиĻѧϰġ
صס˸кϢϢֱ֮Ҷɸоָ뿪ٷ塣

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˵Żת˳ȥ˴һк漴һŰµӣ߽˴֮ڡ
ҶǰʶصҶɣЩ΢˵һ䣬˵Ҷɵòȴһ
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ŮҶɵ˵һ䣬˻ţ̫ȴǻ඼ԵԷ˼ԼС
ڳˣһΪ㲻óˣЩŭ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦҶɵĵαչأʱǳ˵㣬ٺ٣Ҳû취ʱ飬òȥ֮ǰûڣȴһЩա
˸üһ壬Ҫˣȥ
Уε飬Լȥ˭Ҳܲ롣Ҷն˵
֮ǰ˵£Ҫȥ˽ɣ˵ΪǣһǲԼȥġҲɫһ˵
ٺ٣ģûһЩգǲȥġڳ߽ףͨԲҼǲУԱûġҶ΢΢һЦο
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ԣɫ΢䣬æʵʲôˣ
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Ҷһ㶣һ˼Щף漴Щ΢ŭĵôûս׵ĻҪѡΪԼĽ
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ԣ὿һɫ仯ͣƺЩԥЩӵӣƬ̺䳤˿Ȼվ
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ҶҲϼˡüͲŵһ䡣
Ҷԣһ㶣漴ЩԥֻǩʱʲôѴӦǵʹ߶ԸԼ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ż޹ǵ壬ɢ㣬ҶЩʧӣƣĶͷ
춼Ҳãڣǻܣҽ꣬ʲô飬һԡȻЩ궯ҶɻѹסԼ
ԣ὿һ㣬ǿ𣿡
˼ˣû㣬ҲġֻڻʱңʲôѣҶһԵġҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ͶͱջǱҶԾܾһűһԼʲô⣬ܻܿ˺ᣬңڼҲ⼸µʱ䡣
һֱĵҹҶɲŽߣʱЩįӣҶǰο䡣
صס˼Ҷ˫Ŀ΢Уһ˿âĵ׻ѹĳԹڵʱˣ˵ԼֻһˣҶȴаգ˽ׯԹ
ȵʱٺúᣬʲô飬Ҷţа취ġһ˼ţҶɻ˫Ŀ


101 ɱ
ɽһֻԲ״зһĺȻĳȥ
Բ֮ϣһɫӰˣҶɡ
һ߿ŷзҶһ˼ͷϷ飬ԼĻоǰܰ
ҶЩڣðߣһ˼ȴ΢΢һЦ
ŰɣŮ˷꣬ھûʲôǣˣһԺúģٺ١ҶϴҸЦ⣬˵˵
Ƭ̺Ȼüͷһ壬һ˿ɻ֮ɫ΢˼Ƭ̣һ
պҶɿŷȻƺŵϢһ㣬ŷзһƽԭ档
Ҷɵ˫֣ƺ˼ʲô£һֻڣȴԼһĨĺ⡣
Ƭ̺Ҷɻ̧֣Ȼ˫ĿһУ׵ĳһ㡣৵һ£һɫǴա
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һ̣ҶɵһವһһųСĻ۵һελΪ˻ҽ
һУವһһɫУֻϣָ⴦һö͸ķ룬漴΢ĺһ֮ڡ
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ŴŷзҶﳤȥ䲻֪ǣΪ˵նɱȴǶһ鷳
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嶾֮Чȷ䲻֮£ȻֵĻᶼûУٺ١Ҷɵ˵
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ʱҶɵԺ֮Уֳһ档
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ڼ֮ʱԼʮ꣬ʱȥһתۣԼҲӵ꣬ڶʮꡣ
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ȻҲǲ٣ԼնɱķԪХһΣոΣ˫Լ׷ɱȥǧڵ·ϣЩԬִڣμɶΣء
ȥҩ·ϣԵ޹׷ɱЩɥڴˣΪһΣǼǰԪХסǴΣҶҲǾò˼顣
֪ΪΣҶɺȻ뵽£ĵһɲ֮С
뵽˸ĸٱ֮ʣидɡҶЩҰο˵
һ˼ţһ߿ŷз֪䣬ǿǰԼԼԴ
ҶмƻֱϳңǻŻж˵ԼʵģܸƱˣܱԼΧǿ

ԴԵһǱ꣬ڵ棬ѣźһҳȻǺܾûж
棬һò׶꣬һϮ£ʱһɫ̹ϣ䷢ʹĽк
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ʱԶȻһƿ֮һŰµ̤꣬һԲ״зӶϿ·
״һ˿ɫȴûʲôţȻվֳֶ̹ݺݵشϡ
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ʲô㣬ô֪£ѵǡ껰û˵꣬ͱҶɴϡ
Ҷҵĸף죬游ĸҪġҲʹȥٺ٣˵ŻҶɵɫЩŤ˫ĿӨ顣
ߣֲÿҶϹм֮ԭ㣬Դ֣ɲʲô֮١˸˵
ŶΪƾڵΪӵĻ𣿡䣬Ҷɱǵһ̧ңңһ㡣
ۡһ
һɫźȥһ֣Ҷɱʩչ˾ָ
״ɫһ䣬ѷһΣһ浭ɫСһΪߴС֮󣬱ǻǰ
Ǳ꣬һ˶֣ǿһۺ꣬漴վΣԴȥҶһȭӰ˺󱳣Զ˹ȥ
صһ죬ɫǰųһŰâĵĵ˼ɫһף漴붼룬ԴӴڶȥ


102 Թ
ܣҶɿӴܣһ˿Ц°â΢ವһʧ
ڿеĺֻ꣬ǰӰһΣ漴һȭԼ붼룬ִ̧һȭӭȥ
ءһ죡
Σͬߵķݰ㵽صˤ˵ϣҶ˫һΣȻ
ҲЩȣû뵽ʥǴ֮⸱Ȼǿᡣ
ɫ԰׵վǴһ˿ѪЩ𾪵ĿҶɣû뵽֮ǿᣬȻԼһЩƣԲӲӵġ
ֳŵһ㣬ವһɫ̹ϼһವһҶɺȥҶǷųɫɵصֵ
ûдֱóնɱҶҪúõĥһ
°â΢΢ҶɵΣΪһĲӰźȥǿҶ׼
״ɫ΢䣬һͺȣһϢȻﵽڵĵز
ٴζԺһȭ
صһһӰڼ䣬Ҷһѵ
ˤڵϣɫ԰ף䷴ӦҶǻΪһ쭷ԣһ߳
һ죬ٴηɳ䵽棬Ҷɵȴ֣ƺڵһ㡣
߸ҪڵʱҶٴκһȭλԶҶٴźɫӰ׷ȥ
棬ֱŰƺֵĻᶼûУҶ˫Ŀ΢죬ÿһȭƺڷйеԹޡ
һȭĸ״ġ˵껰Ҷһȭصĺ˺Ӱϣٴνɡ
һṦ򣬺꼸ɳһ㣬޻֮ɫ԰ѪڵѪȥأǱ
һţΪԼҶ˵꣬ϢȻһʢʹȫһ߳
°͸°ͣһѵţ걻߷֮߰Զصˤڵء
һϢſڵĳˣҶһХƱߣƿŭ
漴Űɫɽһ㣬ϼһɫ̹һɣţһģ֮£۵һ֮ϡ
꣬ѱԼشټһ޷ӳɡ
ˣҶ˫Ŀһգ۽Ǵ˶ĵ׵ˮɶֱˣǿ
һĻĻ£صԺ֮У·𿴼˸ĸ΢ЦĳԼͷ·ĸůƣԼգ·ױԼ
źߣһ΢ں귽򴫳ƺŬһ㣬ûסǴ֮ľ޴ʹࡣ
ڱĿµҶɣ֮󣬺Ȼ˫Ŀһɫ˲ɷףдŨŨ𾪣ɻ󣬸ģһֿ־壡
ҶԺУ̼һ棬һŶɫȹŮΪԼһԪЫһɣЩɥʱ䷢˿һ޶
촽΢΢ҶЩӵĺ֡Ů
ԣȫ΢΢һ״Ҷߣ󳤽γһȴûз
ʱҶ壬ط˹
һѪɫ԰ֽȴּϤǿһ˿΢ЦŬ˫Ŀۺɬ֮Ҷɡ
ҶԴ˲һоǰһڣЩ˹ȥ
ŮǱˣᣡ
Ůô㣿⵽ô£ҶɽرᣬЩʵ
ȿȣҶҶ룬㣬һ飬ܣܴӦ𣿡΢϶˵
ŮֻҪ㲻ʲôӦ㣬㲻Ҷ붼ĻشţţԪ͸ᣬҲǱû
䣬ɫƺһ㣬˵ҲһЩ
Ҷ˷ˣֻ㣬Ҫɱҵĸףᰧ˵
ʲô˵ҶЩ
Ҷ˵ұ֪ңŪˡỺĽ
Ҷ˵ˣȻԼĸףᵱЩԽܣһԼˣһԼϲˣһҲ޷˺
գѡԼȡ˵ĺƽʵڲԸҲ޷ԼĸҶƴɱ
֪Ҷ϶Ҫȥ֪ԼڽԣٷҹǰܹΪҶɵŮˣա
뿪ٷ壬ûлȥϼ壬ȥʦҪһ챦ݻ棬ϢֻƭҶɡ
ͣĸϻԴȥ￴һۣ븸׸һ꣬ʯԼԴݿƣȴҶɵĵ
ȻҶһ۱ϳԼԼɱˣ
һ磬ˣ
ʹһԵʹһľʹҶ
˿ҶԺһƬңؽӵ뻳У۽ˮ䡣
ƺǰһ̣ҲԼĻСҶҽϼˣһ̣ȴǱһ硣
һϤصԺ֮С
ԸԪЫƴҲ㵲һģ
ִ֣ˡ
Ҷɳءóˣһһȥɢɢĵġ
ԪХڴ󡰲Ҳܶӣһһֱ㣡
ϢԽԽԼȴΪһУȴԼԼȻ߱ɱᣬҶЩԽܡ
Ҷףһĺƺע˷һ㣬ֲ껨ݣÿݻή
ҶҶɣԽңһ𣿡Ͳš
㲻ҪҲġҶɱᶨ˵
ҶҶ֡ˣšġģԶ㣬ֻǡ㡭û˵꣬˫Ŀĺϣ۽ǴһεˮϣȴǹһҸЦݡ
һĻҶʹŨҶƴغͣػζ壬˵ûгȥǣҲʣһ˿΢ϢҲֻǸʱ⡣
һվҶ֪ηйеʹһ죬ͷƮصһѶ
ɢųҶɿᣬȻһ˦һС߼ҶһԸſһ硣
һƬɫϼϯ˲佫
ҶɻǰıЩʧǵӣˮ𣿲Ҳ뿪ҵġ
Ҷֽ˺ԹһȥҪңҿ϶㣬ô˵
ҶɷĻζűһϢͻȻ죬ڷɳʯһХ֮
һ
Ҷڴһۣ֮һѪһڴ˿̣ҶԭںڵͷȴǻΪѩ֮ɫɢ


103 ׷ħͷ
ԴǰЩ꼸ңɽȣԼҶҵΪףԴӾǰһʣҶҾʹ˼
Ϊɽƽɫʱǰһıֽɽ̲ʱԴһҶ
ƽĪ˵ǣһЩ·Ҹۡҿν죬Եİ
һգƺ˲֮ͣһޱ䣡
ҸۡʮСʿһڵ죬ףȻЩ˸ûˣֻڵӡЩȴǲ֪
ҴڣϣԼ죬ɫ԰ףǴѪһϢȥǱȻܵʲôش
ڶ˶棬һʮͷꡣ
һϮ£ľګƤԺڣϺޱ飬ȥͬʬ⡣
Ϊ۵ǣʮݣȴһͷ׷ɢ˫֮ϣԣһֻСİɫߣĿ¶׹Ŀֵܡ
㵽ʲôˣҺδ˸£ϲ˲ǵѪһ֮ɫ˵
ԣ׷˫ĿһУϣ¶һĨ⣬ֵܲɵûһ
׷꿴˿죬ɼǵҶ죿
ʲôҶ죿кιϵԣһһɻ֮ɫĿŰ׷ꡣ
ǰ㵽Ҷףɻǵһͯ׷꺮ʢ˵˵
ʲô⣬ôܻ֪ɫһ䣬˵˵
ԣȴɻѯʵ죬㣬㲻˵һȫô£
⡣ƺܾ磬΢ԥһҶǺӣ𣬸޷ʮģҲӦûʲôµģ¼˵˻ѻ
ɷһ˿׷꣬ȴû˵ʲô
ߣףҶ죬ǼҸңǵܵǸӡҶɣ׷˵꣬һϢȻһʢϴһɷ֮ɫ
ʲôôܣҶҹӸʮ꣬ңҶ򸾶˵òûһƵĵطĪܵ˱˵ĺƭ鷳ģһɻ֮ɫ˵˵
ԣҶһ˫Ŀϣٰ丸ףԼ˵Ǿ仰ߣֲҶϹм֮
Լһֱߣܻ븸֮ûмԼĸҶ죬Ҳ֪Լԭò˵Ǿ仰޷֤죬ԼǡǡǾ仰¶졣
ǰɺӱԵԼ룬ԼǱСǰɵ㣬Լȴǡ
ҶƴѰԼĹʧԹԼƺֻвϵؽԼͷϣвŻһЩŹԼûзᡣ
Ȼ޳ܽǿӵϣ
ҶԽ룬ŭԽ󣬸ĸ֮֮ٸн֮£ƺĽɫϼһ¶֮ɫȥ
״ɫһ䣬꣬ǿ֮ˣȫţҶɿƾ֮˴ñ
⣬һɱ̹ǵĺ⣬ƺܵ٣ϸ¶֮ɫ
ȭһգҶʹȫȥһȭȥ㲻ҲԿ屬ѡ
ţ켱æȡһԼͷϣһⷨ
ʲôǼ⣬ҶɶһͣУһɱʹ֮ɫķҶϤ
ᵱصУ׺󣬱ǰѴｻ죬ϵԼһҶ˵״ʧȥǵ£Լĸʹɱ֣ǽףԺ޷ܵΣͽóһУӭж⡣
ȻҶź⣬ŭƺһЩ䵱ȻģϾԼӦᣬ˵һҪǣҶЩġ
ķϣҲɱǣǣԺǾһͨ˰ɣ⵽ˡ˵ŻҶһͷ­֮ϡ
ֻһȴǳûжܣסңʵǿǰҲͽ͡
꣡
һ֮ţ컺̱˵ϣȫϣҲ޷÷ٶƣӵء
һƴϾ٣˵˼ҲûиƶֺУڵҶɣͬһħ£ļµġ׷ħͷ
˱Ϊ˷ˣҶɶ˵ҵߣԺ㲻صǣУɱҴ󲮵ˣ˭
˵꣬Ҷкâһ˿ԲɱˣҶɿɾͲˡ
ɽȵˣѾɱˣ㣬ûгˣʱȴ̾Ϣ˵
ԣҶ̾Ϣһ΢˼Ƭ̣׼תȥ
ȵȣʱȻסҶɣЩֹӡ
һ٣תҶɻĿ˿һۣĪԼϣȥԲС
Ҷ˼֮ʣǿ˿ϣɫһ任󣬺ݺݵһȭƺĳһ㣬Ҷһ㶡
ҶɣȻֵܶ˷ˣشԺҲǰ̶ԴңҾͽǼ飬㡣ɫص˵
ŶһʲôˣҶɻ
ֻһ˼˵ڳˣ𾪵һ¡
㻹ʲôˣǣһɣĸĸûɫص˵
ԣҶɵһ˫Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫȴǴһ˿ɻ󣬼æʵ˵ʲôңҵĸĸû˵Ŀģ
ҶһʻҲЩ
Ҷɣȱ𼱣Ҳֻǲ²ѣϷѻ˵꣡ǵһա
һ˽սΪҶٶشƴ߶֮£뼸һֵҶլը٣ҲǱĻԹȥ
ʱΪǱＤ̫󣬽Ļ˹ȥһ룬ȷܡ
ңûпҶ򸾣ȴֻѪģ޷ֱòʬ塣
˵Ҷ˳ӣ˵ԼЩҲӦܵشһ°ȻϺơ
ⲻɻ󲻽⣬Ӧý˵оһμƢ꣬Ը̶ϣˣ³Ҳģ֮£ֻýɻĵףκˣҲû˵ֺ
һٷĹһ߻ţһ˼˵
Ҷԣϱ任ϣ˫Ŀ֮УȴЩãȻӡ


104 仯
Դĳֵ֮ϡ
ĵˣҪɱ㡣һ˵ģһʮŮӣһڵŮޡһļơ
棬վһӣӶʮ꣬ò㣬һ޹֮ɫڵˣҺûʲôǡ
û˵꣬һƿ֮һźµˣȻ˴˴һھ;Ų㶥Ĵڡ˫Ŀ˸Ůӣ򷢸ɵ촽
ٺ٣СˣҰɱȻô꿴˿Ůӣ漴һŮӳȥ
״Ůƺϳˣһ֮ɫæȥ
ʱֻͷȻһѪ˿ţɫһڣ촽࣬۵һ̱˵ϣ֪
ŮʱһŰ£ͷ׷꣬Ȼ˴˴ޱĿŴŮ
ȻģҾ˳ְɱ˵Ż׷ǾҪ֣ӻɱ
ݷ˵׷һָֻԶһͨһˤ˵ϡ
״Ůһ㶣漴ŭһʹ֮ɫ
㣬㾹ȻɱˣƴŮӻ䣬ҲΪ٣Ҫ֡
׷ֻһ˦৵һ£ŮԶԶȷɳȥˤԣҪٴƴ
ӺȻ˹һѽŮסɫ˵Ҫȥ
Ůһ㶣漴ɫһϲĿ
ں˻ߵʱ򣬶ϧɣĪҪѧңᣬҲûˣ˵껰׷תЩįȥ
ãһɻ֮ɫصǰ׷ħͷ˵ɱ˲գۣԴѾɱ˲ˣôҺ֣
˵ҵС㶼ϣҲ˷ˣǿ¡
˵ûɱ㣬ôħͷģŮһ䣬漴˿ץסԼĸ첲һۡ

ԴԵ׷ħͷ꣬һƽ֮ϣתĿƺѰʲô
ˣҶɣ
һУܸܵ𣿡˵ŻҶɱ˫ĿŬػһĵεΣϲʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʱ¶һˡ
һºҶ˫Ŀһ֮ǰǷ֮ɫȡ֮ǣһɶʵļ㡣
Ȼѳɶ֣̫ڱ֮Уֻ뽫ȻͱΪܰ쵽£ڻû
һ㣬ҲҶɵĻɣ˵ǷҶҲǻɸĸǷûȥȴǾò̫ܡ
ҶԴ˰֮ãҷų˵Ҷҹӻع飬ֽҶլãǸĸţ˵Լ϶ֵġ
ȥҲûȻǺһҲûͷ΢һ˼·Ҷɾصţ취ѰһŽԪΪߵ˵ΪûЩ顣
뵽ҶɷųзһԾವһԶȥ
˷¼ҶɵԸҲٴת䣬òǰǰ飬Сöκ鶼Щ䵭һ˿УԼĽ

޻һֵ֮ϣԵ̯Ӱһƺʲô
ʦ֣˰ˣҲûмҶû뿪Դɣһ꣬üͷһ˵
ŶͲ˵ˣôʦʲôһ䡣
ٺ٣ʲô˵ҲҶȥԴ򿴿ʦ̾Ϣ˵
ԣҪ˵Ȼɫ΢䣬漴ǻָһʦܣ׽קһֱۡ
ٺ٣ʦܣߣȥҸһܡݷ˵Ҳ֪קȥ˺δ
ûãһ֮ɫٴγ֣ĴȻһУһ׷꣬æ˹ȥ
ҶʦܣͷЩȵӡ
Ҷ˵ϽקסҶɣȱ˵ˣߡ
Լôһ㹦޻һ˵ĽҶɵӰ˴˴
ѽҶʦܣ㻹֣Σգҿղҽʦקߣû㡣Щĵ˵
ԣҶЩɻ֮ɫʦ֣ѵһϹˣ޷ڵʵǲУԱǲġ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһɫһ˿֮ɫ
ҶʦܣǰŽӵϢ˵صԴ˽ԹȻֽʦնɱŴķз
²ǧڵõϢҲ֪ϢһЩӶ˵ǧΣգ˵һͱ㡭
һЩӷ׷ڣ˵һĺ߱ɱͬţɱ˲գ۵ħͷֲôԶ׷ħͷԭ˰׷
֪˷ѾϣǰץһѺţ֪Ҷʦܣ㲻ˣǣϣܺ˵ʵ⾿ô£


 ݶ


105 ֱ
ʲôԭˣ޳Ҷʦܣ֪ʦùϵˣҲҪ̫ˡпһ䡣
ҶɲûŽʲôһһʮĶ˽
ˣҶʦܣʱ䣬ǧǧˣܡģһȥľҸ˵һ
㽫鴦ãĸطһʱ䣬ǧڵ˷֣ʱʲôĻȻ֪ͨ㡣ɫص˵
Ҷû뵽龹Ȼչôһ˵ԼҸطһʱ䣬Ҳǧڵλ϶ֵġ
ãҸط㣬ʲô仯ʦôŷ֪ͨұã鷳ˡҶ˵Ļһ䡣
ҾͲҪˣ޻򣬻ɽԼԴ㶼Ҫˣھ뿪˵أҲҪϻȥʱһãᱻ˵Щʲôߴ˵
΢ԥƬ̣Ҷɵ˵ͷ˻˵أǾʹ˷ֿ

һʱҶɵǲ֪ȥã˼֮£ȥҩһˣܹѰýԪԺʱҲõϡ
ԭĸµ·̣Ϊһ·ǧڵˣҶ㻨˰֮ãŸϵҩȡ
ʲôˣףǣϴʥˣȻ׵Բʱҩڴһ꣬˿ǰҶɣЩɲ˵
´˷һƹЩ飬֪ƹڣҶɿ˿ǰ꣬˵˵
⣬Եһ£̬ȣԱȳ֮ʱ࣬˵껰תʧڴ
ҶҲżڴ˵صȺԼôһٷĹ򣬻ٴγ֣Ҷһơ
״ҶɸС
ҩаҶ껺УԵĻҶҲЩϤϴûʲôֱ
׳ʯ֮ʱҶȴɫһϴʱֻǿЩʯ֮ϵһЩޣΪװƷûзʲô쳣
˿̵ҶɣǼʶʶ֮ȣǿµʯʵǰĳֹɲóɵ󷨣Ҷɴ˷ҲĸоһɹɽƲ
һɵѹҶγɣԲδйָоڿǰҲоκѹȸУɼǿ֮
һ˼ţҶһСģ˵·˵Ӱ˴֮С
Ҷѣٺ٣벻߰ʱ䣬Ȼ׵Բ֮ǿϲɺأһ׷ߣŶľ֮ϵҶ˵˵
ѣ²Ҳǽ׵˴Բ֮ͬϲҶɿһ䡣
ϾϷͱ󣬶ˣ֪˷ǰ׼һЩʲôҩһ䡣
⣬ҪƹΪ˴εĵҩЩ⡣ҶǸһЦ
ԣ׷߲ۼü漴ЦǺǣҶѣʵһЩҩϷǿģ辪ġ
ѵƹڣҶɻĵ
ҶɵĻ۽һҡͷãȻҶҪǾСȥͨһֻǹ岻̫á
߷ԸһСҵ˵ͷŴ֮ȥ
ٺ٣ҶĶǷͬһ㣬˵Ļڼ۸ϣ϶˵ģ֪ҶѴ˷Ƿ׼㣿ƺЩһ䡣
Ҷ΢˼Ƭ̣˵Լûʲô׼Ψͼͷ˵ὫԼϳȥ˵̫࣬»
ǺǣٻЩ׼ģһ޷ϾҩûҪĶ˵ǲҴϢ͹ǡҶģɵ˵
áЦ˵漴˵ЩʲôſڴӰһΣСҵֱ˽վߡ
ţһʮ꣬Żɫ۷һ̬֮ɫò㿡ʣӣ˴ſڡ
ߣһͤͤٻӰһűɫȹŮӣòʮͷӡ
Ů֬ϸ壬һϸ΢Ĺϼһ°һüһ˫峺̴࣬ź֮
Ҷɱ֤ŮԼŮӵУƯһһʼأ˵ûǰƤɰҲ»ǰ
Ůȴһ֮ɫ˿һۣͻҪĳ嶯ҶɣĳһҲһ漴ǻָ
ԲҶ˵뵽벻¼侹ȻصŮӣһڴ֣Ҷɱŵ㣬һ𣬲ԾС
ֻ˿Ůӵϣȴü΢壬ЩӣСķߣ߽˴֮С


106 פ
Ϸһ£λҩȵĻƹԱλǹŮٻ׷ָָ֮еĻߺŮӣҶ˵
ƹҶɿ˿Щ̬֮ɫߣüͷһ˵
ڻٻĲ£˴λ֮ϣٻǳҶ΢΢˵ͷǿļһ˿Ц⣬һĨɫ
˵ҩ̣֪ʲô飿ƹһһ䡣
Ҷǿ˿׷ߣ漴촽΢Ǵ
һṦ򣬻ƹƳһ۰׷ߣ漴ҶɵԼˣ˵޷
⵹Ҷһ㶣뵥̸̸û뵽ֱӾܾˡ
ⲻǸӵ⣬һǲԼЩ˽Ҳ̫֮
Ҷɵʶ֮̽£λƹ˵ʲôڲΪϢҶɵʶǲƹʵΪڵĴڡ
ȻҲпʲôˣ¾䣬ԭ߿ȥҲЩƵӡ
ãȻƹ˵ˣҲӣ˷ҩȣһǹ򼸿Ǵ㿴ǷнԪǵҲԡ
ڵ㣬ûƹҾһˣȫϣѣ΢ѾұˡҶ˵˵
ʲôǺǣϷ˲ɣкûҽεİ취Ϸ򲻸ҶԣϷȷΪ
˵ĽԪĪ˵ҩȣĴ߽УҲеģ޴Ѱ
ҩȵǿƣֻǼ۸棬ڻΪĲ̫ţϣѿ⡣ƹǿ˿漴Ҷ˵
ԣҶЩʧ֮ɫ֮ڣ븴Ἰǲ̫ˡԪҲǲڵˣϾ˼Ҷô˵ˡ
ļ۸ֻҪ̫֣ҶɻܹܵģԼǧڴӦ壬ԣ˷׼
۸ֻҪ̫ףµܹܣ˷㹺ţ֪ƺõģ۸ΣҶ˵һ䡣
ԣƹ߶һۣ漴ƹ˵ͷҶ˵ǧʯһŵġ
Ȼţ˵֮ǰﹺҩ͸˵㣬ǧʯ
ʲôҶɲ۽һе壬ԼֲʶʲộΪ壬Ҳֻý˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ƹֻʣһǲĻҩȵһЩʱա
ԣҶ΢˼Ƭ̣ʵѧϰһ¹֧֮һЩ֪꣬ɷ񣿡
˵Ҷɾûʲôϣµʱѧϰһ֮Ҳǲ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳʧʲô
ҶɵϣƹȻˬشӦ
ǺǣЩ飬ãϷǰʱ˵ӣҪúϢһ£ʣµ飬̸ɣ˵껰վɻٻţŴ֮ȥ
ҶǸоЩԾﲻԣ˵ŻƹȥҶɿ˿
ѣտƳҶ˵һ䡣
⣡Ѻܼ𣿡׷üͷһ˵
ҶҡҡͷЦ⵹ǣֻ֪ŵʱ䡣
ŶĻòʮգĻܻʧܣķѵʱҪһЩɣһ𸴣ѧϰ̸֮߻ش
Ҳã鷳ˣҶɹ˵
ҶɰסҶǵ˷УϹһɻ֮ɫ
˷ҩȣֹĸоÿʵƹһЩʱǻƹƺĿһ
ƹǾ䣬ԼĹУӦҲûбҪñϢģһʿӦǿġ
Լ˵Ҫ̸̸ƹǵûͬ⣬Լѵ̫أȥϢһ£
Ҷ˦˦ͷԼ£Ū֣ܹѧϰһ֮ãҶɱ˫ĿһգϢ
ֵǣڶ죬ֻСתһ˵ʦЩæһ£ʱԼ֮£Ҷǰתתȴǲߣм˻ٻ˴һкҶɱǻصд
ҹҶɵ°ͣ˫ĿԶҲ֪ǧڻδ¡
䣬ҶɺȻüͷһ壬˫ĿһеĿ˿ſڣţűһٻЩųųĽУСĽŹ
ӿ£ҶЩɻ
ԣٻɫ仯˼ҶɵߣҶɵоһ㣬Ҷɷʣٻһ±ҶɵĻ
ǰҪҰɣŵͲŵٻ˵УԼ京žӨˮ顣


107 ܾ
ҶɸŻ޹ǵ壬Լɢ㣬գٻŽεĺ촽ˡ
Ҷɵ鲻ԽĻ̧ŮӵĶͷȥ
һ̣͵һԺкȻӰҲԼĻСҶҲϼˡ
˫ĿȻһҶ˲ָѣһѽٻƿ
Ǻ⣿ҶЩĿŴŮʵڲţûǰ£Լ˷ľٶǰŮӣ򵥡
Ҷ˾ٶٻһ㶣ҩУ֪жԼǰ꾹ȻΪ
ǰٻҹ𣿡˵껰ٻɫ˲ͷҧ˫
صĿ˿ٻҶһ˿ɻ֮ɫȴž裬˵
л˵ɣˣҪϢҶɵ˵
ԣٻһЩ֮ɫĿ˿Ҷɣ̴Ҫ˵ʲôȻҶɫһ壬һĨ⣬İ׷ȥʵмֲֿ֮⡣
״ٻ΢ĬƬ̣įתȥ
ãҶɻ֮ɫŨܸоҩ͸¶һ˿죬һ֣Ҫ뿪
ٲֻ֣ȥˡҶɵ˵

ҩȣĳ侲֮ڣƹһ֮ϣȫɫ԰ףƺЩŤ֮⣬ȥЩʹӡ
һṦӰ˾֮ڣ˿Ĵ֮Ҳûм񣬴ҡڵ
ݣƹ˫Ŀһһ̣ͨһ˵ϣβ˵ϣٸһŽҩʵܲˡ
ԣһϣҩ㣬û⣬Ӧҵ£ǵôˣ
ߣǳƺǰĻƹΪϣƹԣʾһ˿֮⣬Щԥӡ
ߣʲôڹдСϷ˵㣬ѾҿסֻҪûٻС飬ϷȻҩ˵˵
ɥĲˣʦֶ֮ãȴԴڣŮҲϷŹ㡭ƹָû˵꣬һƺߣƤһڴһ˻
һҽС
ƹڵϴ˹ȥɫɫЩ֮⣬вʱ³һɺˮ
һṦŵͳɳƵϣңҴӦ㣬⣬ҩң
ߣӦĻαģסҪûٻѾͷʲôߣӴ˵ˣҪϢɡ˵Żһֻɫƿ˻ƹ漴תȥ
ƹϵƿɫһϲ˫ĿŹƿץȥ

ҩһɭϵɽʿפҶڴֹ󷨣ɢĲ
ߵӰ֪ʱĳ˴˴˿Ҳûйʲôֳһöؽơ
Ҫκ˽ԸһŶ֮ȥĽƹϼһٴλָ
ɽڣһѵͨǰǽǶżҹ飬ɢ͵Ĺϼ
תǣһʯ֮ǰִ̧һ˵һʯŻâһĴ˿
ʯ󣬴ɵӣмһʯ̨Ķ״ȼһâʹõĵػ
ʯ̨һԣһҵĽɫ󶦣ų΢Ĺϼ
ǽǴĵϸĺɫںڵĹҲ֪ʺֲȥ飬ѻ٣Ӳ쳣
һˣûʯ֮ڣһˣ˩һ꣬òǻƹһ޶
ֵǣǰƹһƽ֮ɫҲûκƣȴԵЩ㲵ӣüɢһɰһ֮ϣ˵о˽ȴ۾Ҳûһ¡
״˿û֮ɫ߽ʯҺҲϥ΢ЦĿŻƹ
ʦ֣ˣҲһ𣿡˵꣬һаĻȡ
ƹû˵Ҳת׿˿ɫԱߵһЩҩģ꣬ҡҡͷε̾˿
ʦ֣㻹뽫Ƴɡ΢΢һЦ˵
ãƹȻûзӦЦݣһĨ⡣
ߣҪƲԳԷƣ԰ȻѵͷŮЦ˵
ԣһֱûжĻƹ۽һ΢ĬƬ̣仺˫Ŀһâض
ٻôˣٻҲŹôģƹһ˿ɷŭ˵


108 
һƹٻĸףһ㶣漴ȻЩһ֮ɫĿŻƹ
ߣᵽСʦûãԭСʦӦúߵһʦȻϺͿСʦ㣬Сʦڣλãֵõ㣿
㲻İŮˣҵĵλܹ꣬ˣ˵껰ȻЦдŨŨĳޡ
ԣƹ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾Ϣˣʦ˼ҽңΪʦõ顣
ǿоҩȴ˶ǽ壬ʣʦʦø㣿ôὫλô㣿
ߣһɺԣоΣγһֱֶΣʵʦ̫塣
һʦȥǧ²ҩΣյʱҵĶ˭ӵսιλòãȻҪ𱨣ϵҵΪд£ŭ˵
ߣΪҪϵΪ㹴׼췴Ը㣿ƹҲЩ
˵ú췴ⱾҵλãҩȵһУӦҵģСʦãУٻ֪ģɱĸס
Ǵ±֪֪ٻ᲻˵꣬ϺŨ
λã췴ȣ֣ʦΪ˻㣬ᱻҴɱ
ҪʦǰһҪŹ㣬ͽΪϵˣ룬ǺڵߣʦΪģҪԸң޻˵
ҪǶԸٻԵֱ硣ƹζ¸죬˵
ԣɫһ漴¶һ˿Ц⣬ٺ٣ģСʦõķϣҵȻĶٻ֡
ȻҵòСʦãһҵĶӣõŮһҸġ
ʲô˵СҷĹ¶ƹЩ𾪵˵
ߣϷ׹⣬ˣҲϻٻùͺúõĽҪĵҩƳĻҲúĥٻһġ˵Żһ˦ۣ߳ʯҡ
صһʯص
״ƹĬã̾ϢһԵ
΢˼Ƭ̣仺վػʯֳ̨Žɫһ㣬ವһȵ˵ػ֮ϡ
ţһӣһſҩģˢһ˴֮С
ʯ֮УһСĹĻʯ֮ϣƹһһظֳ״һתɽ֮ȥ

ڶ峿Ҷס֮ϣ˫ĿҲ֪˼ʲô
һֱȵ磬Ҳûߣ΢˼Ƭ̣׼ȥһ£ɵҶܾò̫
ҶɸҪжʱСȴҶɵסҸҶɣʮ֮ڱƶɣż
ڴ֮ѧϰһ磬СһȻýɵķãҪɵģҶɵͷͬ⣬Լ֮Сұת뿪˴˵ء
Ϣһҹ糿СԼҶɴһͼĵڣĵӣʲôҩ
Ҷǰһ㣬￴ɣһ仰Сۺ˷֮ɫЩż뿪
ҶȻûжʣ뼸ӿʼ̸ЩϤ֮ҶָһЩôԼơ
ϾҩƷײ̫ߣʧܵĻҶҲǰʯЩӣ򲻸ҶЩҩġ
Ҷһ߿ĴСһŶжһҩģԵĵ˺ôǲָͣҶɡ

ǧĳڶ֮ڵɽУһѵʯȣͷһʯһأʯڿռһƬ
һṦһҹ飬ȻʯҰգԼӰһɫ԰ףϢȣ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ط̫аˣʶֻ֮̽룬ǰõһıҶ᲻ʲôġУһɳƵ
ߣǰĻ֮У˭Ϸ򣿡һЩŭ
ˣҲҪˣ԰꣬ϾղǻþӰ죬ʹߴ˽ƵҵȶҪɱȥģһ̾Ϣ
ٺ٣һЩСѣʱߵôæûжƽ֮Ứ˳ʱġ
ҵϢһȻ׼ѡɣҲǷʲôõĽ飬һ·һͳ
ʯܣһʯ֮ϣɫĻȻǽƷסʲôڣһɹɹĲ
Ļ֮棬ֱ֣һɢ͵İɫϼȥЩһ֡
һĻ֮ţһѪ֮ɫġ֣ȥ쳣ȴɢһɹŨѪ֮


109 Ʒҩʦ
ʲôģƷҩʦҶǰϰ֮ĳ䵤ڣ߿˿Ҷɣȵ˵
֮ǰżңѧһЩ֮Ҷ΢Цػش
Ŷ˵ôʱȻˣѧϰƷϵĵҩƣҪȥһЩˣڷãЩΪѵӡ
޷ȻѧҲٸһʯģͰ֮ǰԼļ۸ɡҶɵ˵һ䡣
ãҶѹȻˬ죬ϷԴȥˣǰͽСٻ֮գʱһȼһЦ˵
ԣҶһ㶣Сƽӹ֪ƹὫŮЩϧˡ
Ҷɣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ֵȹϲˣʱһûʲôʱ򣬾ͼɡ
Ҷѿˣãǻȥɡ˵껰Ҷ뿪˵

ɽǧڣ
ڣϣ£ⳤϣһӣ˾һҲ֪˵ЩʲôֻǸɫء
ߣΣҵĵӣҶ߱ɱͬţŹӦǲҲԼ֡ʱŮⳤɫһ˵
ԣɫ
ʦãҲô˵ҶԼӵݣ͸ǧ¹ͣ˵һλţ㱻ǸϳȥϷͬ⡣³˵
΢ԥƬ̣İ̧ͷⳤϣʦã˵Ҷ˹ϵǳ˵ҶӦòġ
ģ˵ҶðڿԪЫħ֮£˳ԣϷоʲôᡣ
ߣҲãɱҲգͽɱǲʵݴ̽ҶԴ򱻳Ϊ׷ħͷɱˡ
һŭ֮£˵ŮɱˣʵⳤЩߵ˵
һֱû˵Ŀϣ̾˿
˵ҶɴŹ棬˭Ҳ˽ģ˵ǱҶɴɱһ㣬ʦÿȥԴҡ
ңҪһ㣬Ҷɵ츳нԪİкܴİսڣ˷ʹǰϹƷʹ߻ÿһŽԪġ
룬ҶʣκһŶἫ£ĴڣҵΪһ֮ˣȫֵģ
Ҫ֪жһ߽ףǧڵʵɻƾձĴ֮׵ġɫص˵
ǿϿܵ˵˵һ䡣
ϲΪ´ϣܵϸ£Դ룬Ҷţ᲻öֵġ
ϼΪ˴֣Ϊ˽ŵķչ˵ϷΪնɱҶɣȻʵĳͷҪеġ
ЩȵŻٶɣҶΪԲǲ⴦ģסȹѺ˵
һ߾Ǽ꣬Ҳ֪ˣӻһ٣¶һ˿֮ɫԣҲǳĬ

ҩȣĳ䵤֮ڣ
ҶһЦĿŶм֮ɫһ˿ζҩ裬Ĺ۲ʵ飬Ҷ˾ŴΣֻɹƹһƷҩһʧˡ
ƷҩȻһˮ룬֮ǰͬˡҡҡͷ¯ʰãҶɱ뿪˵
һصסҶɵ°ͣ˼ʲô
ҩѾʮ֮ãμСٻĻ£ͿƳɹԼҲҪ뿪ˡ
ֻǲ֪һȥǧڲܻȥģҲܹȥ򽣸ңΧҲгˡ
ΨƮ˵ȫһЩʵڲУֻȥƮڷΧڶˡ
Ҷ˼֮ʣȻüͷһĿ˿ţһṦ򣬷Ÿ֨һ򿪣һٻӰ˽СĽŹϡ
һϤ㣬ɢ侲ңˣҶɵ¶֮ɫصĿˣǻٻŮ
ҹã֪кιɣվӴ֮գӻȥúϢĻҿҪ֪ͨˡҶɫһ˵
ͷһŮӾԻԼɹմڼȻԼһӣ벻ŮˡҶɲ˵뵽
ͨһ
Ҷ˼֮ʣŮӾȻû˵ˮǹӣȥʵ֮⡣
㣬ʲô˼ҶɲɻǷŮȱˣҲ¹ɣѵʲô᣿
ǰȾٻȾȸףٻˮߵ׹䲻ͣۺ֮ɫ˵
ʲô˵Ҷ˵껰һһɾ紵ٻη


110 
ǰٻЩðǰҪٻʵûа취ǰæššԽԽСٻ˵ȥ
Ŷ˵ô£ҶЩɻʵ˵оŮװģҶҲţҪʸġ
ǰϱƻ飬ٻܾҪȱ޸Сʦ֣ٻʵڲԸ⣬ңһҪҵĸףٻ˵
ҶЩüͷһĵȣ˵Ӧ㸸׻ƹΪ㰲ŵĻ°ɣ㵱ʱҲûзԡ
˵Ҫ㸸ףҲҳֵģ˵˵ӣ¾ͻõġ
ǸҵĸסٻȻֹסˮɫص˵
ԣҶһԼµʲôɵ뵽ҩ죬Լѯʻƹ£ƺҪߵɫ
֪ǲĸףҶһ䡣
ǰڲݰɣӦʲôͨıòٻ˵ĿɶԣٻûлشҶɣǷһ䡣
ʲô㣿ҶһԲĴڣ޷ԼݣǰĻٻھŲ㶥壬ܲԼݵģ
ǰؾȣױ⣬飬Ҳֻҵĸĸ֪һŲ֪
ĻƹҩȺϼٰģٻʱĹ۲죬ӦǱסˡ
ٻҴݾߣһֱû˵ֱǰ֣ٻղǰæǰܾٻԭպѰһᡣ
û뵽ǰպҸ׵壬Сʦ飬ٻģԵʱӦˣվҪ飬ٻ֮£ֻٴǰæġ
һٷĹ򣬻ٻŽĴţҶɽһ飬Ҷ𾪲ѣüͷ΢˼ʲô
ǰһҪٻٻʲôԴӦֻϣԾȳסٻЩ˵˵
ҶɿǰһŮӣȻ˵Ķ̣òĻǣǣϾԼ£Լѱ˼뵽֮С
һСģͿٲģԼûɣԲһʱ嶯С
ҶɳĬã漴̾˿Ҳ㣬Ͼҩȣ˶ڣֲϤǵսһԲһԳԡ
ԣҲܸ㱣֤ʲôģϼ֮ʱҿǷл˵ֻ˵һֵġ
ԣٻɫһ漴ȴǼĵлǰǰ֮ѱ˵Żٻ׼¹򣬵Ҷɷһվ
ˣʱ䲻磬Ҳú룬Ȼȥɣñ˷ʲôҶ˵˵һ䡣
ٻɵӦһת뿪˾ңҶǵ°ͣɫص˼㶯֣ҲҪǵȫһЩ

ڶ磬ϲһŮ޴ڴ֮УƣһӶӴû֦չŮӣ赸һɣ֮С
λ֮ϣʮ˵ӣڵĴڣͲˣƹɫЩϵϡ
ҶǱŵĶ棬˵˵ЦЦƱյò֡
۲һ´Ҷֿ˿ˡڴʿټλԲҶɰһԲçײֻԼȥ
ȳ䲻סԶҲ̫ģԼһҶţ˲ͻᱻΧ
һṦһվ˰֣æµŮ˳ȥֻŮ޸赹ƣţһ˿֮ɫԸһʲô
ſڴСңٻˣ˲˽Сϲ󣬶ٻǿһ˿Ц⣬λк
ãҵ֮ˣҲ̫ķڣǷֱ𾴻ƹԼһƣҲʽˡ߿˿ˣ˵˵һ䡣
ʱŮ޵һƣ͵СС
ӹƣСһƹԣһĵ˹ȥ˷ܵĵٻңͷİѣһٻõģԺҡ
û˵꣬ƹһ֣ȥɡԱϣһһĻڳ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû̫ƽʲô
Сٻһƣ˵һЩףĻ󣬳ŴãǾʽ飬СңԺһҪٻãĲСӡ
ԣСǼæ˵ͷ
ǺǣˣΪλǰǸһƣôҲմϲƺˣ˵ķԸһ䡣
ŮæװƵĵɫ«͵СҵУٻжűյСҵ֮Ϊʿ
λһЦ⣬ȹϲƣֱóһЩ޷һЩҩĶ͸˶λˡ
ٻžƱҶǰʱҶ΢΢һЦҶĳһˣҲҩȵһϲ£֮
Ϊûʲô׼߽׷֮á˵ŻҶȡѳ͸˶ˡ
˼״ֱҶɳ֮󷽡
ҶɽһҶֽӹٻбյʱ˭ûע⵽һĨ޷ĺ⣬һĴҶڣ˻ٻ֮С


111 
һȦСҶ˽ǰһǹվԣһЦ⣬棬·Լһ㣬һĨײ˷֮ɫ
λλҶѿţսƷҩʦã̶̼ʱ䣬ͳɹƳƷҩǺǣлǵһЩϷҶһ˵Żһ
״Ҷɶյһ
ԣ׷ײĿѣƷҩʦ˵ȻԼʱƳƷҩš
ҶѣϷһʱҶԵһߣ˵˵˹һ
Ʊյ˵˵ЦЦ䣬ǵҹĻٻУǲۼһ˿֮ɫһĻûӹҶɵĹ۲졣
Ҷ˼֮䣬ȻоЩ쳣·жӣ֮ǰľˮΣҲ˺죬Լжģѵǣ
뵽Ҷɲɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ֻһƺߣ
ۡһ
ҶԵߣһںѪɫɷףҶɷӦڴʿ֮У˳ж
һ̣ҶɫһףۡһһںѪ
״ֻߣ𣬻һվЦЩ϶Ȼ֧֮λ
ƹ˵λȴǼԣ죬ȫͰȫУǻηԣ
㣬ȫͨһ㡭ȿȣû˵꣬һӱǾҵĿ
ʱһֱ΢ЦվɫȻһ壬ߣԭҲ˺λ˵λǶǼԡ
ϷҲò֣ڣϷ͸һᣬңǽҩĻٺ٣
ѣ²ңҩóҶĳ֣ǺʱеĶӦûʲôġʱʳ˴еɻ
ԣ΢΢һЦͷÿһƣûʲô⣬ǼСҶ˸λƣˣŻء
ƾȵļʶ޷˽ϷĶ˵ĽҩϷԸʵܸǣҲԲһˣûҩȵ
ԣҶɫ΢䣬üѵ˼ֻҪְλģҪ»ɱڴ˵İɣ
ʾɫһ䣬漴˿ЩˣһЦĵŴҶʶʱ˵ϷֲǴλǹλҡ
֧ϣ
Ҳ֧֣
һڵӣиĺ
ߣֻҪƻҩȣǹλϷҲˡʱҶߵһߣ˵˵
״һЦãȻˣϷҲ˵Ƚ˳˵̣Ҳˡ
˵ŻЦĿ˿ʿ󣬽ĿҶɵϡ
ߣ϶ǱȣϷλ㣬Ϸ򡭡ȿȡʱһŭ˵û˵ǾҵĿ
ۼΣٽо綾ȴǺ޻֮ҶҲɫصĿߡ
৵һ£ߵһ䣬һ⽣гְգָһ㣬ವһ£о綾Ҷһնȥ
״һ꣬Ҷʵ޹ƫȻ£ٻ¶֮ɫЩӡ
˶ΪҶӦñɵʱ˲˼һĻˡ
ԭɫ԰׵ҶɣȻݵƣһͷ׷Ʈֻ˫һΣǰǳһɫصһķֵ
ʲô⣬ⲻܣûжģϷǶƵġɫһ˵
ʱǰ˵ӰһΣҶϮһЩʿ
ֻҶһâӭ籩֮£ȻڵлΪһʮҵɫſħڣһƬɫϼӰϯȥ
һ¿ʵ𾪲ѣ߸ɫһ䣬һ֮ɫ
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ϲɫĻٻ֮ڣȻһ˿ײĺ⡣
áڻٻǰɫһ䣬ƺоʲôΣգæһŤԱߴȥ
ۡһ
һѪ˿ͷţϺһ촽һ˾綾ӡ
ʲôȻֶԣöĸ֣һ嶾룬Ǹоʲôɫ˵
ţ䵥һ䣬һֻɫƿУҲĽߣ̷˼ŵɫĵҩ
״Ҷɫһ°â΢΢һಣμܶ


112 
嶾ľ綾̷˼ŵҩȻǿһЩⲻҶЩڶһо治
ƿһϵĺԼһЩżϮҶɣЩ֮ɫһȥ
ءһ
ǰӰһΣжԶһҶһȭɣ£·ٴγҶɵΣһŽ߻ԭλ
ͨһ
Σصˤ˵ϣǹѪ˿ɫ԰ףдž֮ɫĿҶɡ
֮Ȼǿ᣿ôܣɻ˵Ҷǻ
򿪴󣡡ڷӦŭһĺ
ˢһ֮ڣһ㵭ɫ֣˶֮⣬ŰڿŴһߣ˽Ų۷塣
ʲôͯϣôܰԸǣ㡭һо綾ߣɫĺ
ԭҶɴչ·𿴵һ˿ϣ񿴼󣬵ЩĻ·ȿҪһ㡣
ҶɣҲǸоһɹΣյĽƲƾӦúƿΪԾס뵽䲻Լᣬ׼
ʹڤɻ꽣ĻЩƳģСԴԼȫߣûܹסֻǣûа취ٻŮˡ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬴֮⣬ͯϵüͷһ壬εҵֻڹչ˼ϣͽ
˰ɣǶͽԭΪòֵģû뵽ӾȻģٻϡ
ϷӦЩټ϶һЩ˵ϴ˷ͱƻ˼ƻأӦðһЩˡ԰׵ɫ˲ǵѪһЦ˵
ԣж߲˲ǵѪŭϷҲһӣҲͬʦֵܡ
ҵȶҩȣԼԻƹһĲѵҲͽնɱɣ䲻ϷųȥңȻˣϷֻһˡ
ƹҪǵͽϷҲˣ벻ȻͯϳضԸǡһĻ
⣡ƹɫòգҲû˵ЩʲôֻεĿˡ
ְͯϣ˶ȥ˻֣˵˵һ䡣
״ͯǿһ֮ϵĻƹû壬Ǵ˿ƴ󣬷˹
˵һֻϷâִּɢ˵ѹһЩʿһ¶ޱȵĳ
ΪɣҶҲǸҪóڤɻ꽣ʱ򣬺ȻٻٵҶ˹
ͯס֣һվҶɵߣٻǽغһ䣬ۿҶɾҪɹٻʵڲ뿴ͯƻ
ٻΣգСɫһ䣬ҪܹȥקٻȴǱһס
ٻǸʲô¶һ֮ɫ˵ʵ
ڻٻܵ˴֮УͯϸϽ֣ͣɻĿŻٻ
ͯϣ㲻˺Щʦ壬ǶǺˡٻָżжʿ˵˵һ䡣
ԣɫһҪ˵ͯȴɫ䣬ֵȥɣֻڻƹ
˻Ϊٻ飬ã֪ͯһϣд˵Į֮ɫ
ʱ򣬻ٻ˿ƹҧҧ촽漴ͯ˵ͯϣǸ˲Ҹأ㻹𣿡
ʲô
⣬ôܣ
ԭˣ˵ƹЩ
˵ǣó֤ݣ
һ侪ɲ˳ȫɻĿŻٻ
ٻǺͿ˰ɣ۽һ˿õԤС
ٵĻƹҪλҸôˣٻҶɵߣ˵˵
ʲô

һڿڵ˳ֽĿӻٻƿתߡ
״ŭһߣںԣ㶨ǿСӣҪڻ飬˵ǲǻƹк֤ݣҪ˵Ǿֻһʰˣ˭Ϊ˹ˣȻԼĸ׶ϡ
ԣٻ΢죬ŭĿҸףǺϡ
˾ȣٻۺˮ֮ϵĻƹϣһٰҸףұǿ˳
Ϊ˸׵İοûʲôֻüװ֪ȻǻƳ֤Ҹ׻û¡
ϣٻңȳҵĸף˵ʵɺϡ˵Żٻͨһ˵ϣһ֮ɫĿŻƹ


113 ʴ궾
ųĻٻ䰧Ļƹ¶һԥ֮ɫ任󣬽ĿҶɵϡ
ţҧҧ·ʲôһ㡣
ٻҶԲ㣬ԲƹͯϣҪǶ֣ϹʹթңҲżٰ˻ƹҸϿ콫ץס
ǧҪϷо綾ҶȻûнҩɣΪҩȰΣΪ˻ƹԼλϷԸֻϣҶסȳƹϵĻƹҧгݵ˵
ԣһ¶һ֮ɫ
˿ɫ䣬û뵽ΪҶɣȻԼȫ̼ƻ
৵һ£ͯϼƹһŤ֮£ǽڣţϿ֮
ವһ£Ҷ°âһȥ
ʶҶɵ֮Ӳӣæųһƻǰ
صһ죬ҶһȭصĺϣһŰâѶֻǹϼһӰԶȥ
۵һһѪصˤ䵽˵ϣɫ԰ޱȣһϢҲǲ
ҶɸҪǰס֮ʱȻһˢһһƬϯҶһֶȥ
״Ҷɼæһ٣һԼٶȥͬʱһ
һҽС
һʿûüƤʼ̼仯Ϊһ̲Ѫˮ
ҶǻһӴֻǵֵƬ̣ǹâһʱƿӡ
ವһʱ䣬ҶɳַΧԣ̧Ⱦһš
δۼ޷ܣ̧һ
ꡯһ죡
ֱ۵ʱѶ¶ɭɭ׹ǣֻһƺߣҧ˹俴һ۴ˣкɫһ
ȻϷŹϷ˭ҲˣϷͬھɣ䣬¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ֻһ䣬৵һ£һţ۴СɫԲһȳ̱ǵζӦʲô綾Ķ
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ԣ¶֮ɫһ˿ܵͷ޷
ԼҶɣ¶һ֮ɫſлһ䡣
ֻصһ죬ǺɫԲ򵱼ѶΪһŨѸٵɢ
ǴеʯǸΣһӴ̼䱻ʴĿӿݣðںһЩͽʿǲҽ
ɢСΧʱһƬɹϼϯ̼ǽɫ
صһصˤ˵ϣȻǱһ¿ǱڲڱɫѸٵ߽š
ʱһɫϼǼڻı⣬ţһ޴һǣ޿ſǽһȥ
˷ӦɫâһವһŴ֮⼤ȥ
ʲôʱһЩ΢
ͬʱҶҲԣһֻ˺ͷ­֮ϣ漴һȭ˴롣
ķѾҽôãԼŰɣȻסȺҵǿˡЩҶɵ˵һ䣬漴˿ٻֿ˿ͯϡһ뿪˴֮УڼҲһʲô
㵽׽ƹʲôطˣͯϿһڵϣһ˵ʵ

ǧĳڶѨ֮ڣ֣ʣڲʱķԼ䣬һǺ֮
һṦһҵı֮Ѩ·΢΢һһɹǿĲ˳
ʱθӰԶѨȺļȥɫ԰ףһϢҲǺǿҲȥ쳣Ǳ·ովսܵһЩƵӡ
һµߣǻŵѪһϢ˲٣ȻأɫҲǼ˲԰ס
ǧѰϹû°ɣʱһѯһ
Ժ˵ҿǻǾ뿪˵ֲ̫ó⣬ߡʱһ˵һ䣬漴ǧ֮⼤ȥ
˾ȻҲʹ÷зֻƾһݹ⣬ڰշɶ磬Ȼƽ֮ٿ˵ƣҲǱǿܶࡣ
ӰˣʹߴˣԼĴļţڸ߽׵ĴڣҲ֪Ϊʲôԣ˷ǵûе֣˵ӡ


114 
ҩȣĳ侲֮ڣ
Ҷһ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢У°ͣһ֮ɫ
սƷҶɱǻصסСཫʴ궾ֱӶҩ֮⣬ҲմȾһ˿ԡ
ǿҶɵǧ֮ʱһȹĵ֭һЩԶҶСãֱ΢΢
׼ƣҶҪǺȹĵ֭صʱҲжһжֵĻᣬҶҲװװжӰˡ
ҶɻãٻһˣһΪ˵л͸ҶСŽⶾʥҶвԡ
εĻٻûоʲô˼֮󣬱ת뿪˾ңʣҶɶһˡ
˵ӦǽӣԼҲҪ뿪ˣƻѶãҶ׼˵ҩȥƮڷΧڴһʱ䡣
ҶɵȺһ磬ҲûʲôϢҶȴҲûżĵĵȺ
ֱ磬ĿеҶɲ˫Ŀһţ⴫һˬʵҶѿڣ
ԣҶӦһűһһԼʮòʣһɫ۷ӣ˽
˵һμҶɻһ˳䳤ٰĻƹòһ޶ֻǳ˿ȥЩ㲣ûʲôƣһΪȴʵʵڵڴԲĴڡ
ƹҶվ˹ֵ˵
״ƹæ˰֣ЦҶٻǽ˷ĳܹȫҶѼʱȵġ
ĻĳСŮҲҪܵǣȶ飬ĳĵģǺǡ
ƹ̫ˣҲֻǾ֮͵ģҪǻֹͯϼ󣬿һҲ޷ˡҶ΢Цػش
˵Ż̶
ˣ˵Ҷģд£ƹ˵һ䡣
ֻǵʱûгƷ±ǵȺ˼졣Ҷɻشš
ԿҶˣѾƳɹȴҶˡƹ˵гһֻƿ
ҶɾȣƹҶѾǸŮĿ͸ҶˣϣҶѲҪƴǣĻȷûĳЩѿġ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôҶ˴˻Ҳûٹƴǣлһ󣬱ǽƹеƿ˹Ҳûв鿴ʲôֱ
˵ҶţսƷҩʦ֮ʱ䣬ǳɹƳƷҩ֪鴫д£ƹɫһ˵
⣬Եɺ£ȴƳƷҩҶҲûʲôشһ䡣
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΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɵͷڲӰʱѧϰһµҲǲ޲ɵġ
ŶҶǽ£ҩȴһʱ䣬ĳҲʶһ£Ҷڵ츳жǿƹ˵˵һ䡣
˼ǣ¿ڴѧϰ֮Ҷɻʵ
Ȼĳָ㣬Ҿ뿴һ£Ҷѵ׻ﵽһʲôĳ̶ȣǺǡƹЦЦ
ԣҶ΢˼Ƭ̣Ȼʵƹʵ飬ƹָһ
˵ֻҪĳܰæģ߾ȫƹ֣ص˵
һΪѣȫѣ߶ϣɢֻʣһ˿Ϣ֪ƹа취ҽΣҶСʵ
ԣƹһ㶣漴üͷһĵ˵Ҷסһ֮ˣҲֻʱ⣬ĳ˵һЩƵʥȴ֮
˻ƹתػشҶɲһԣƹѾжѾһˣԼʱסᣬһĹ򶼻᳹ȥ
˵ͷҶû̫ᣬʵƹнԪ߽Ԫĵ
ǺǣҶѣԪֶĪ˵ĳ޷ƣܹƳҲûвϵġ
ԪҲֻݹ鸽ǵȴޣŻƽԪ꣬СطûнԪġ
ڵҲͬߣҲû˵˭нԪĵģһ㣬ϷҲﲻʲôˡƹЩε˵
Ҷɽᵽ£ԼһҲﲻϣԼԸ֣ǵⲻûƹЩо˼
Ҷ˵׼˻ƹһ˵ҲǲЩʧӣƬ̺ǻָ
ݹ鸽£ǾûһôҶһ䡣
ǺǣôҲУҲ٣ÿ궼ҪƷ˵Ҫ˽ԸʹߴһЩôԱ֤Լʵȫ˵Ļ꣬޶ݷַŽԪġƹ˵һЩ֮¡
һᣬƹ·ЩȲӣҪҶȥҶɵ츳ƹУȴһ˿Щȵڴ֮ɫ


115 Ʒҩʦ
ǧڴڣϣ³ϣŮⳤϣ˶Уȫһ֮ɫϵһߡ
ߣǸմǧ·صǧǧѰ
ֻǴ˿ɫ԰ףȥѪɫһϢҲЩȣȻǧܵشûȫָ
΢ĬƬ̣ϿڵŵľҶһЩ¼Ҳֻ˵˸Ŷѡ
Ӽȫʵͻͽţʵڲ֣ҲΪǧδĵ·ǡ
ԣⳤüһ壬δ·ѵһɱ֮ͬΪǧڿǣֱЦ
һƢ꣬Ըֱʵ³ϣγû˵
ǧѰɨһˣһŭӣƬ̺˵ͷһɫĵӣǧڱؽԼڡ
Ϊ˰ǧӣҲҪһЩͷģ˼飬пϴɣУһ˻ڣҡ
ϷҪۼһţǿԵĻϷ򽫻ԣκˣڶκƫ
ǣ֮ƺ˿˵˵漴ת׿˿ɫⳤϡ

ҩȣĳ䵤֮ڣ
ҶѣȻţһµʱ䣬ȻﵽƷҩʦľ磬Ϸַ죬ǲһˡƹҶɣϴžϲ֮ɫ˵
ǺǣƹˣҲǽҰˣңҲֻǶԵ֮еԣ޶۵úܡҶǫһЦ˵
Ҷ̫ǫˣˣǻȥϢǼƷҩ˵꣬ƹ˵ؿҶɡ
⣬Ѿƹ̫˷ˣʵڲ˼ϰȥˡҶЩܸоƹƴԼ֮
ѵ뽫Լ£ҩƵҩ֪ԼǧڵˣӦòôģҶ˼䣬ƹˡ
ҶѣȹǸŮĳںһϵ˷ѣ˵ǳɹƳЩģ磬ǼƷҩɡƹЩ˼ЦЦ
ԣҶҲֵԸ⣬ϲԼģôõĻԺѰˡ
ãȻƹ˵¾ͼȥҶ˵꣬һһҩ궪һ֮С
ƹһۺ˷֮ɫʱָҶɹؼ֮ϸڣȫԼľ飬ޱĴ
ƹҶɳɹ·ԼƳһ¯ҩҪĵӣڴ˼䵤֮ڣҹ

ĳһƬƽԭ֮ϣ滨̣߿ǧһĸߴ˴˵أԶһͨĽ
ƬȺգʱһ̤ɽŰµӰһԶѲӵĶ顣
мɫ֮ϣһ޴ңֹӡϡ򽣸
򽣸ĳ侲ڣӰԶƺʲô
һŰµ꣬òʮ꣬α뺷򽣸
һˣһ꣬Ƥ׾òдһ˿֮ɫˣʹߡ
ʹߴˣǧѰϹˣ˵ǧڶŲٵıﰡٺ٣򽣸΢΢һЦ˵
ԣʹɫ˫Ŀһ֮£һâ漴ڵٺ٣ǧѰ˵ͬĻ˵Ҹѡģ
ǧڵı࣬򽣸ļҵ׸һЩأ˵꣬ʹ΢΢һЦԺиֳһŶɫȹӰ
ʹߵĻɵɫ΢䣬æڵٺ٣ʹߴˣĳֻǿЦˣĳǲκ˵ġ
ͺãǧֻҪڣǲԴģĻٺ١û˵꣬ʹߺȻЦ
ǣǶģʹߴ˷ģˣ֪ĳ͸ʹߴ˵ɻ⣿Ц˵
ŶĻ˼ǻиõĶʹߴһ˿Ϸ֮ɫĿ˿˵˵һ䡣
ԣ۽һ飬æڵʹߴ˼ЦˣСط̫֮
Ǻǣ⻰ǲ٣˵ػûʲôرĺöԭΪǴյŪû뵽ֻǼͨķˡ
öûõЩСȥȥĻҲҪԲ֮ſԺú̽һġʹµ˵һ䡣
һǧµյأ۽һһĺ֮ɫ̾Ϣҡҡͷû˵Щʲô
һһԾ֮⴫˽ԣüͷһ塣


116 Ԫ
ҩȣĳ侲֮ڣ
Ҷһ֮ϣ°ͣҲ֪˼ʲô
֮ƺûƿԣƷҩʦҲ׵ĴﵽˣʼҲһϤĳ̶ȣ֪˶ʲôطҶ˵˵һ䡣
ǰҶɴﵽƷҩʦϢ˼գлƹóһƷҩĵԼоԼƹԼѧϰƷҩ
Ҳ˼֮ʣһˬʵЦ˽ƹ֮ɫݺҲûϢһᣬֱӽҶ˵֮ڡ
ҶѣǿʼƷҩɣϷ򿴿ʣܴﵽεȵزƹٺһЦ漴һ˦һƬϼϰ˸ҩꡣ
ƹƷҩ֮ɻи߼ģҶƺҲȤҲ֪Լܴﵽεĸ߶ȡ
⣬ݣߵҲԪҩˣԽƷǿɾҩˣеҲûвϵġ΢˼Ƭ̣ƹ˵˵
ŶðɣȻˣһȳһԪƷҩɡҶϤƷȹҲԺʾ飬Ҷɲſʼ֡
˵ΪԪԪãҶڴԲҲٶʳһԪٿԪ
һЩڼԪûʿǼҪĹ֮֪жˣۿڿԽףԪľΪġ
Щ˵࣬ȴһֱϣԪһһֻܳһã档
Ҷ΢һ£ǿʼһԵĻƹһڴ֮ɫĬĬؿҶɡ

ǧڣĳ侲֮ڣ
ʲô˵ᾹȻˣ⾿ô£һµʹߣһ˵˵
״ǧѰҲһ㶣ʼʹߴᣬҲûʲôû뵽ӦȻô
Ϊ游׻ծŵһӴɱˣǧѰҡͷ̾Ϣ
ɱĸӣ֪ǧѰδ£ʹһ䡣
ԣǧѰӿڵѾŹ³ϴҶʲͲ̫׷ˣϷġ
ǧѰĻʹ˫ĿһУһ˿âɱ֮ͬǧѰҲӣ˵ĻñʹߴΪɣߡ
ʲôʹߴ˵˼ǣǧѰüͷһ壬Щɻʵ
ʵ㣬᱾ʹѿϣǧ»Ϊ檵ģȻ˽ɱ
ʹ߲ɱ⣬ˣһŹģҵ˼ʹɫ֣ص˵һ䡣
ʹߴˣˣǹϵɱաǧѰû˵꣬ͱʹߴˡ
ٺ٣뱾ʹ߿ϵŮ˹ϵƾһ͸ˣɣһᣬǸҶСץʹԴʹ˵˵
⣡ǧѰɫòЩԥ
״ʹ˫Ŀâһ򽣸˵ˣָ߱ʹߣ˵ǧڶ˲ٵĺö֪ǲģٺ١
ʲôϹǧѰҧгݵ˵һ䣬ϴŨŨĺ⡣
ʹߴˣϷӣʹߴ飬һ棬ϾǧڴصĵӣԪܻŵġǧѰص˵
ߣЦ˵Ԫǣʹ߶ҪúÿһˡʹЦ˵һ䡣
ĬƬ̣ǧѰŬʵʹߴˣǧµõķȫ͸ʹߴˣֻ˷ŹҶΣ
ߣñʹ㿪ЦɣҪּۻۣãȻ㲻Ը⶯סȥ񣬿˵Ļʲô˼˵ŻʹƾҪߡ
״ǧѰʱͼˣڵȵȣʹߴˣϷϷ΢˼Ƭ̣ҧҧϷ֪ôˣʹߴ˷ġ
ҶȻץʹǰģϣʹߴˣǧڰΣ˵꣬ǧѰ̾˿Щεҡҡͷ

淢һУҶɲ֪ҩĳ䵤֮ڣĳֵҩõ˹ؼʱ̡
䵥ֿƵػֻǰɫһصһһһŨҩ㣬ʱɢռ䡣
ವһ߰˿Һ˴Сӯӯҩһ֮£ǳҶƹǰתš
ڳɹôξȻĸµʱ䣡ҶЩ˵
ƹһȻ֮ɫЩŵ˵⣬Ҳδ̫Щѵʶʧ䲻ɣԲŻѧϰ죿
ƹı飬Ҷ΢΢һЦͷÿζˣԼҲϰˣ˸пһ󣬻ƹҩ
ҶѣȴϿƼΣȡɹʴﵽٷ֮ʮϣҲþԪƷҪ֮СƹȰ˵
ҶԣҲûԥʲôֻ΢΢˵ͷٴԪ
ոһգԴӴ˴γɹ֮Ҷڶ̶̵ļʱ䣬ǳɹĴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϵĳɹʣĻƹЩ
ƹǵãԼʦǰ׿ԽﵽԪƷ֮ʱҲʱ䣬벻Ҷڶ̶̵һʱ䣬Ȼﵽ˸߶ȡ
ϲҶѣݣ߼ҩʦˡƹЩ˵
ٺ٣ƹˣһģϾ黹ǲġ죬˵ݣǿ˻кܶġҶ˵Ŀһ䡣
ԣƹֻǰ˰֣ЦϷҲֻǿﵽƷ֮Уɹ޷Խٷ֮ʮġ
˵꣬һԥ֮ɫ·˼ʲô
Ƭ̺ƺ¶˾ģ̧ͷһ֣صĿҶɣصҶѣȻﵽƷ֮УϷæ
ϣһʱ䣬ﵽԪҩʦԲɹʰٷ֮ʮϣȻ󣬰Ϸһֵҩ˵ǽԪ⡮ԪԽڣҲĪĺôԣҶɺȻɫһ


117 ħж
ݣǧڣ
壬Ǭս֮ʱŴһɽ壬˿̷嶥ڣӰüͷ壬һصӡ
ˣǽǬ壬ˣѲǵһ˶ʮꡣ
ֻǽѴﵽ۷壬Ǭʹͣڣ⼸޽չ壬ھŲ۷嶼ûдﵽ
ʦ֣Ǹô죿ˣǵ֮ǰ˵ֻҪҶʦִãô˸ɱˣǬһ֮ɫ˵˵
Ϊʹߵһ仰Ϊ˱ȫţҲ֮٣ȷʵûа취̾Ϣ˵
ԽΪһЩŵĴС飬ǲԼĸ״ԼҲǿԲģ֪һЩ
ߣʹҲδ̫ˣԭҶʦ־ͱ԰׷ħͷһһкԴּһкͬŵ˸ħж
ֱϵǧڵĶˣʦ֣ѵûʲô취𣿡Щŭ˵
İ취ް취Ī˵ˣҲ֪Ҷʦںδ֮ǰû֪ͨɾΣˡ˵һ䡣
ǧȫ׽Ҷʦ֣ȻܸıʲôԳȥתתһԸϿ֪ͨһǬ˵
ֵôҶʦ˵ˣҲûҵģǳȥҲá˼Ƭ̣˵˵
ãȻλʦ뷨պһɫأͷ˵
һ¾ˣǸæµ

ҩȣĳ䵤ڣ
žžž֮
ãҶѽ⼸ŷԪƵĲɹҲﵽˣڵȷʵݵһҩʦԪԲĳҲûдﵽĴڡƹ˷ܵ˵·ԼﵽԲҪһ㡣
ƹˣҪûûҹϤָ㣬ٶȣһ˶ԴӣҲܴﵽȳ̶ȵġҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣƹЩ˼ӣҶЩڿԼûûҹڴȷûôҶϢ
ʱĶˣȻ⣬һĽӴ˹ϵҲ
ĳȷЩ˽ˣţĳʵڲķŹɣϢ죬ʽԪΣƹ˵һ䡣
ԣҶ΢˼Ƭ̣Ȼҡͷ˷ͲϢˣ콫˼ˣҲóȥˣΣѾʱ̫ˡ
ȻҶ˵ǺãǱ㿪ʼʽԪ˵Żƹɫһһ˦֮£ʮҩ˵ϡ
ףֻһꣿҶɿϳ㣬ȴֻһ꣬ɵ΢΢һ㶡
ƹЦһεֱǿ󣬲ԭģÿһſƳĿԪ
ֻǻĳԼΣȫʧܣ˷һžΣֻʣһ꣬ĳʵڲ׳ԡ
ֱ֮󣬲ΪƵͷԴﵽԪԲĳŻ˵£æġ
ֻƳĿţ⣡һȫʧ֡ҶҲЩϾԼĶ
ԣƹһЦҡͷ޷ȫʧܣǻĳҲֻԲҶѵġ
ңܹɹƳϣĳ͸һţֻƳһţǻĳҪΪãһһЩġ
Ŷµ˼ֻǵ˷һΣȻƹ˵ˣҾͿʼˡ˵ŻҶ˫ĿһգԺлƹ̡
֮ǰƳ˼ŷƷ˵Ч޷ȣƹȫһ΢ĬƬ̣Ҷ˫Ŀһ¶һ֮ɫ
˿ػ滺תĽɫ󶦣Ҷ̧һϾκȻϼһָĶΡ
ϾֻһΣҶɿǲһ¯ĿһƣһʧܣǽһУԣֳĴơ
˵鷳һ㣬ףҶָһҩɽ˽ɫ֮ڡ
ԵĻƹҲһĽ֮ɫֻһڴ֮⣬ҳһ´Ҷɡ
ҶֻǰһΣɫ·һ´𣬲ʱһҩУҶɿʼ

ĳֵ֮ϣ
һϣǧڵ飬ʱֵˣҶǧԼģĴѰʲô˼³ϴŽˣһ˵
ԣһϺٺһЦٺ٣£ʵ㣬ʹߴµ򽣸ǼҶɡ
·ɱۣôʹߴûк˵ţȻԼȥʣߡ
ʲôʹߴˣȻȻ򽣸£Щɲ˵
ߣΪϷԸ룿ǰ²üµʱ䶼ҲСӣʹߴǲ롮ħжġ
йϷչأ˵ϷҲǱεģٺ١һ΢Ц˵
⣬ߣҿǽᣬ˽ɣԭҶ鷳û˵ɣʹߵҲǲҶʡ
һǰ̽̽ͷϹҾ͸ǹ˽ΣȥʹߴˣǲμӴ˴ж
ûӣ͸øʲôʲôȥҪ£ߡһ˵꣬Ǵ뿪˴˵ء
Ĭã³ɫȭţɿ֣ε̾Ϣһ
³ϣô죿ʹߴˣƺǧûоˣԲŻ򽣸˵ĻһϿɲµġ˿³ϣЩĵ˵


118 鸮
ҩȣĳ䵤ڣ
ҶСĿŵػֲֻʱشһ۵һûɫ֮С
һṦ򣬽ɫ󶦹ϼһҶ΢ӳһ£漴зһգŴһ㡣
صһ
һһŨ֮ҩ㣬䵤֮һڣǸоӣƣ֮жʱ
ҶָоԼķƺǳӯһ˿
ವһһöͮͮţ۴СһȦȦ·Բҩڴ֮еƯҶƹǰ
״Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫƹһ㶣ţ¶ŨŨ˷֮ɫ˫ĿĶŴöҩ
Ҷѣ㾹ȻһξƳɹˣ⣬Ҳ̫漣ˣţӦҲûʲôˡƹЩ˵
Ǻǣǻƹľ飬Ҳô˳ģã㲻УˣƹȽɣҪȴˡҶɿŻƹɫ΢΢һЦ˵
úãǺǡ˵Żƹҩս׼õƿ֮ڣϴ˷֮ɫæµҶɣƺʼƵڶԪˡ
˵һεĳɹ飬ڶԪҶҲڰ˳ڣԼҲ˿ϾֻţԼķݡ
ԪҶоûʲô̫ѵĵطֻЩŰˣγɹ飬ҶҲͲʼǰţ˵š
ҶƵǣǰޱȣҲַͬƣȻҩҺɵʱը¯ˣⲻҶЩ
ƹ˵Щϧɫȴûʲô⣬ȰҶɼ䣬Ҷɱǿʼ˵Ŀš
ǵʧܣҶɴ˷ҲǼСģڰº󣬳ɹؽĿԪ˳
ƹΪˣ˵ʹһֱҹҶɲԼصס
ڣҶаһֻƿЩ֮ɫƿװŵģԪ
ջƹ˵Ԫĵʦģ֪ܣҲǿĵأ˵Ԫܹͻƿʣһص㣬ס֮ǰƤԪפഺ۰ǧ󣬿ղ䡣
ҶɶԼգǺںҪܹӽ׼ʣؼģƿһգҶ˫Ŀ΢е˼
Ԫ֣Ӧóһ³ƿģɹĻҲͲ̫ǧڵ顣
ʧܣҲûа취飬Ҫ֪жˣͣԲһӣҲûĻᡣ
ȥ²̫㣬˵ĻֻҩȱչˣҪͻƹ˵һҲԪ˵Ҳչһʱġ
Ϣһգڶһ磬ҶɸҪȥһƹƹȴǰһҶɵס
ҶѣȻԪѾƳɹĳչһʱ䣬ҶѣӦҲչһİɣ
ҩ˵ǰɭϣһˣԲӲģĻҶѾĳһͬչأΣһݣƹҶ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦ벻ƹԼҪļͷҲдģŵȰĻбչأҲǺҵģٺ١
ã˵ĻǾȥ鸮ɣеһУѾźˣ˷ǲܳɹĻԺҲûʲôϣˣƹЩĵ˵
ƹα㱯ۣҵƾãʱ䣬ʧܣҲ취ġҶ˵Żƹһͬ뿪˾ҡ
һʱ󣬻ƹҶɵӰҩΧмҶǰһɽ
ǵƹѺĵط
κ˴šһ仰ƹ򿪽ƣǴҶɽɽ֮У漴Χƻָ
Ҷɸڻƹ󣬽һѵʯȣ˼תǣ󣬶˳һͨͨʯڡ
ĴʯңԼͣεĻƹҶɲ΢΢һ㶣СĪ˵ˣһˣҲЩġ
ҶɻʱֻƹȡһöɫһųһƬɫϼ
ֱһΣɫϼһʯ֮ϣһĻˣƼʶޱȵʯڣȻۿɼٶʧγһš
߰ɣҶѡ˵ŻƹҶɣ뿪˴˼ʯңһṦǵʧٴλָһʯڡ
һ뿪ʯңҶɱЩס˵ҩطȣֱһԴ
Ҷֻǰɽ޳ȺԶһƬĺһɹɵ˵쳣ŨҴһּ䰲ݵĸо
ٺ٣ҶѷģֻſԽҲǲ֪鸮ģҲֻ֪ĶѡƹҶɾȵӣ΢΢һЦ˵
벻ҩȻȵط鸮ҪлƹġҶ΢Ц˵һչصĺõط
ٺ٣ҶҲ߰ɣǸѡһλã׼չؾͺã˭ȳصĻŶԷ
˵زκνƣҶѿ⣬ϣҶ˳߽ףٺ٣ƹ˵˵һ䣬΢ЦĳҶɵ˵ͷ
ƹˣͬףԸƹ˳ףǺãͲʱˣҾѡǸˡҶ˵껰ָָ̧ķ
״ƹ΢΢һЦͷǻĳһˡ˵꣬ƹһ෴ķȥ
û뵽ƹԼֻй֪ĵطҲܴԼ֮ĲޣҶһ棬һʵλã漴С˳ֲ˼󷨽ƣŰ㷢ʲô⣬ԼҲиĻᡣ
˿ܽƹ֣Ҷ΢΢һЦڵһţ漴ϥ˫Ŀ΢գĽһϢ״̬


119 в
ǧڣ֮ڣ
ʹߴǧѰƺʲôֻǧѰɫÿ
ǧѰǧڲ²ɣһ˾ȻҲҲߣҲᣬʱ䣬ҲǸҶħͷǼ֮Ķңʹ߶Ȼַֺʹߴ˵ЩвĻ
ԣǧѰɫ΢䣬õʱ䣬˵ƻָһЩҲûȬ򽣸Ϲ鷳ȷԶԸ
뵽ǧѰɫһͷʹߴ˷ģϷһ֣ȫѰʹߴġ
ٺ٣⻹࣬Ҿ͵ǧѰĺϢˡʹ΢΢һЦ˵
ãֻҪһϢ֪ͨʹߴˣ֪ǷǧڵȺ򣿡ǧѰһ䡣
أһЩ飬ȥ򽣸һˣΪ֮ɡ˵꣬ʹվΣݹһವһ뿪ǧڡ
ոնݳɽʹߺȻݹһͣüͷһ֮£һгһöɫϼһС֣һṦ򣬱ʧ
ˣŴһȥУ˵ʲôҲҪ¡˵껰ʶһָ£ٴθֳһС֣ڸŴʲôϢ
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˵ݳһ׷ħͷһһǧʿɱͬţ޶һ˲֣ʴ˶һʱ䣬ݲ
΢˼Ƭ̣һ漴ݹһ𣬻һƿնȥ䷽򽣸
ͬʱǧѰɫأϲ֪ʱĳ档
ȫҶ˽߲ȫѰŹ洦áǧѰ
ԣϳûзֻһ˿֮ɫת뿪˴˴
ãǧѰε̾˿˫Ŀ֮Уȴһ˿˵ĺâ˿ȥЩ

ҩȣ֮ڣ
һƬ峺ĺգһ޴ԪУͬһ©ĵڰգعע·һɫӰڡ
˵ɫӰǳƿҶɣ
˿̵Ҷ˫Ŀգüͷʱһ֮ɫոշԪȵԪٻۣγһתС
Ԫע룬з·޵׶һ㣬̰ŹעԪǵҲԽԽӯ
Ҳ֪˶ãԪзǵûԽԽСתԽԽ죬ԪٶҲֲԪ©ͬٲкҶ֮ϡ
ʱҶɵһһͺȡ
ԪкȻ£һ۶ȥγһ̫Բ״
ԲתԼԴԴϵԪԲԽԽСȥҲԽԽ⻬ﵽ˵ҩСƺҪ۳ɹһ㡣
ʿڵĽ𵤣ԪȫΪĴڣҽҲɼԵУڷҲõһ֪Ҫۺٱ
ȻҶɴ˿̲δȫɹյһֻҪԪȫ̻ɽ𵤣Ǿ߽ˡ
˿ҶɫЩ԰ףĺԶͷ£ؽҧ·Щӡ
Ԫʧȡ֮ǣһڻ̵Ľ𵤣ҶһصĿԪע룬ýԽԽСԽԽʵ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻһ죬ѾЩ̵Ľ𵤣ȻըѶٴλΪЩɫԪŵ߶ȥ
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ԪҩֻԺŪԪڳһˣҲ֪ƹǷɹˡҶҡͷ̾Ϣ˵
ȻʧܣҶ˵Щƣ̫ɥϢ֮ãŽһƻָ
˵ͣԲҶɾãһ֮ǰʵۺһЩҲûһô
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶһȥܽƣСսۣվΣ뿪˴˵ء
Ҷ鸮֮ʱȴ˰֮ãҲƹӰ֮£ҶɱϥϾ˼ҿڽҪͷԼܴŵġ
Ҷһ㶵鷢ˡ
ƹΣǴڴ鸮֮ǰѾ뿪鸮ãһΪԼһȻͣԲ֮
ҶɿѯʲôƹɫɻĿҶɣʵҶѣϷΪˣ԰׷ħͷɱͬŵ飬֪Ƿʵ
ʲôҶ΢΢һ㶡
֮ǰˣҩ׷׷ħͷһ£ʹߴµĳ֮£ҩȶһ顣
Һõ鸮бչأĻ¾ҪΣˣϷǴߺ󣬸Ͻ㡣ƹ˵
ԣҶ˽ĵ˵ͷɫһĵΣ˷лƹ£ûиЩҶĳڣڲɱͬһ£ġ
ҶɽĴŽһ飬ƹ˫ĿҶɣ󣬻ĵ˵ͷ
ԭˣҾ˵ҶѲƽ޹飬ҾεˣֻɱŮӰɣƹתʵ
ƹ뿪ҩȣǴ鷳Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫоЩˡ
ԣƹ˰֣ҡͷҶѼˣĳ֮ˣң뿪Σա
һʱĿǰ㰲ȫǽ󣬾ͻ뿪ƬʱҲᰲȫһЩ
⣬ҲãǾͶлƹˣˣƹôʱһЩҩϣƹæŪЩϡҶɫһ˵


120 Χ
ĳƹڣ
Ʒƣֵ˵ʲô
ι׷ħͷôӣƺֻƮûв룬μħжˡһĸݵ˵
ǣ˵ħͷɱԣкͬţ룬ЩɢޣֻҪܷ֮ħͷһЩֻҪǾٱһЩõһЩ͵ġͷ
Ҫ֪ħͷͺˣϢ϶ܻõķһʯġ̾Ϣ
ԣ꼥˰ɣҪˣħͷ˼һܷŹ㣿Եɡ
ٺ٣ǵǣҲħͷġЦ
ĵýζʱ䲻ԶһľϣһҵӰ˵ĻնС
ֻ¶һȥ֮ͨƤԺڣЩľګüͷ΢˼ʲô
ӰˣҶɣ
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ˣڵΪҲ۷塣
ףȵѣ㿴ӷоƱɻĿҶɡ
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ϷҪһ񣬻Ѱ׷ڲֵȻˡд˷֮ɫ˵
ԣҶɫһһеĿŶˣλ˼Ǵ㶯ˣ
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ȻģҲãȳȥɣϾƹҲġ˵ŻҶɱȥ
״ɫһæȥҲûмھƹݶ֡
һ߳ƹݣҶɽ°âһæԶ۶ȥ״߶һΪӰ׷ȥ
ոܵԵκȻΪһ̣һĳҶɵǰסȥ·
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ŶȻģǰ֮ʣ֪ΪλҪòҲڵȴźߵľȱɣҶ˵˵һ䡣
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ҶЦҲ˵ЩʲôֱӷųɫǴ㶯ֵӣСŭˡ
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ͬʱ˸ԷųԪսһ𣬶С˵Щ·磬²ûʲôΣա
৵һ£ɫ΢΢һ𣬴һƿ֮Žɫ䵶һնȥţҶɽ°âһα


121 
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ȭͷһҶɸо˫һ𣬵һСǰ꣬ǵ֮ࡣ
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ͬǺ֮ǰǱҶһȭɣǰİֻ꣬ǵѣܲҶɾȵġ
𾪣˵Ҷ幦û뵽ǿᣬݣܹ֮ԼƴģҲԲˡ
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ֲøұƴ֮ȻЩ£ٺ٣ȻˣǾֻܿͨˡ˵Żμٺˣһ
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״Ҷɫһæһ漴ָһ죬ǹϣֻ޴΢΢һ㡣
˵һһɫһģ֮£ǳŽɫƺȥʩչ˾ָ
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״Ҷɲҳɣ̧һ㣬һɫպ˽ɫ֮ϡ
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Ҳս֮ʣǿʶ֮ͷмڴʿԼҶɲŹϵشߡ
ǧڷΧڣȷǲ̫¶ˣ˵ĻȥƱܶһʱ˵ɡҶһ䣬ǷųбԶȥ

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߲ԶҶŴ˻Ȼһ٣ɫһ˿仯


122 ʶ
ʲôҶɫ΢䣬û뵽ԼΣȻֱϳӣԼԤҪصö࣬ԼĻһЩˡ
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ո߳ŮӱǷ˽ŲҶɲУ˵ľ룬Ҷɵŵһ㡣
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Ҳ֪˶ãҶɵɫȵش̴һŮ޵ؿڣŮҲȼһ档
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Ҷ˼֮䣬ѪɫбһƬѪһವһҶͷһնȥ
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ԣ̼䣬һϸСѺۣɫС֮ϣţԽԽƸֶգɫСܷһ֮󣬱˾ĿбѶ


124 һ
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125 
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ʶϸһ֮̽£ȴûзκ쳣ָоƺʧҲƺǴδֹһ㡣
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һϵĴԼһգҲûлʬ𼣵Ĵ㣬°âһԶԪ򼲳۶ȥ
СѻΪһֻСĸҶ֮ವһǴ֮ڡ
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̧֣Űһ㣬ವһһɫصĺ˺޷֮ϡ
һĿâѶαķѣ𣬶˿̵Ҷɣѳз޻ȥ
һºһݵϢ˵׷ħͷƮڷΧڣնɱһϣӣʣһо綾ζ
ã˵򽣸һϣԼ򽣸ɫĵӣƮڷΧ˷׷״ԣ˰׷ħͷ
Ȼ黹ƽϢңڳԱ򸽽һ˾綾˵Ǳ׷ħͷˣҺüʱȥҩȡ
ϵҩһ˵Ⱦ綾ƺ֪öһ㣬ֻ˵һ䡮ǽңȵ˺˳
̶̰ʱ䣬ݷ粨˴ǰ׷ħͷԼŵĳ϶ˣֱ˿ûԡ
Ҳ˵ǰ׷ħͷ飬Ļ֮ˣûһܻŵģ֪׷ħͷѾǧˡ
һʱ䣬˵硣һᵽ׷ħͷĸ̸֣ɫ䣬Ĵʿǧ֮⣬ڴʿٵţҲҪϣŸҽͬС
ڣ׷ħͷһ£ݵ߽ף֮ҲЩסˣȥԼżֱ޷չĻ̡̻
˴˿̣ҲȥѰҰ׷ħͷ鷳ˣƺҲĬ˰׷ħͷĴڣΪŻҵڵ̵Ĵڣװʧʵ
ǰ׷ħͷ˵ûм棬ÿһεıݣǱףȴ޿κΣ׵ˡ
ˣƺħͷһĬԼڲѰħͷ鷳ħͷҲֹͣɱ¾ĽŲ
ǣƽֻάһ¶ѣҲ֪Ǻԭ򽣸ңȴٴжÿζɳ߰ڴʿȥѰħͷ䣬ǧƮڣҲС
Ȼ˶ҲָܹסħͷϾٴεѪѵ׷ħͷѾĴ֮µһˣ˶סġ
˽飬ҲΪԱѡǰ׷ħͷһһһѪɫУ֮ܵУѴݡ

һºҩȸңȵڴʿһɫ԰ףǱһݵľһ
ߣʱӰ˵ϡ
ʱԶһƿ֮Ŀȥһɫݹ⣬֮£ͷϿͣסΡ
ݹһһź£о˸ߣУˣңȹϣ
빧һ
ԣ߰˰֣ɫһ˵ǰ׷ħͷںδôûзټ
ع¼ŷħͷǳ˴˴ҵҲû׷¹ҲǡҲٶȡʱһڴʿ˵һ䡣
ߣýƻСӣǱϷ׽סĥһٸʹߴȥ˵껰ߵϣ¶һ֮ɫ·˼״ҲҴһ¡

º򸽽ڴʿŰѳΧмʲôˡ
˵ĲԶӰ˵ϣһ촦һߣɫһźɢ֮ɫȻ˾綾ӡ
м䱻ΧǵӰһʮ꣬ƤԺڣ˫ĿǣΪ۵ǣһͷѩ׵ĳɢ˫֮ϡ
겻ԶһСɫߣʱ³һɫֵ˰ѳȻЩǿӡ
ʱһŰµӣŻ֮ʣ˵һԣһ䣬৵һ£һöīɫȻС
ţһīɫϼһָ㶯£֮ϣһС֣Ǵ˵صľλá
귨һգɫǻָȻɫһ䣬μԶһȥ
žһ
ۼʲô˵ϣһӾȱһֱۣӻع񣬸ոնֱ۵һѪâԶٴεأһֱնȥ
״ɫ䣬Ҳ˲ѪֹĶϱ۴һ֮£ವһһ⼣߰ߵĶƣȻǰ
ءһ
ǵѪâ䵽֮ϣɫһףţһİݣ֮ϣݴһްѵѪɫС


126 
ˣСҪֲסˣСմϣֻмѳ֮£С³İɫѹâƺʱᱻɢӡ
һ˳£Щ޷ֵҶ˵ʵܵУȴ޷еù֡
ǵԭ򣬾ΪԼߣû˿סѣҶɲ޿֣ɱɱܴ鲻ߵ̬
뵽Ҷɵǰһ㣬ȫעѪɫ֮УѪâţһɹɴ̱ǵѪζͷŶ
ǰЩݵĶƣȻһѶѪɫˢһ͸˶ƺĶϱӰѪâ۷֮ʱ˳ƽ͸¶ն¡
ţҶ̧һУವһɫû֮ڣСǻΪವһҶɵ֮С
¡¡
һ죬֮£ɫڱѶ·ҶһնȥҶһִ̧һ
µһŤ֮󣬺ȻΪˮ㵴ѣҶˢһȥ
ء
֮ǿĵ棬ն֮ʱȴָֻǰļӲҲǱһ޴ӡ
ͬһʱ䣬˰ΧȦԶһɫӰӵһһηз֮󣬳֮Զݶȥ
׷ʱ򽣸һ׷ߺһ䡣
Ҫȥ׷ҵȥˣֻɸ򽣸ʿѾնɱС֮࣬򽣸ʵ½豣ʵΪءһص˵
ʱһʵ̾˿ֹ½ǧûʧʲôˣʧڴʿġ
ȻǰʦѾ֪ͨ˸ǾŰɣҲҵȵλá˵껰˫Ŀһգ͵ϥ
ԣҲһεҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ҳ֪˶ãԶһƿ֮һŰµ꣬ݹһĳ˸Ͽգ򽣸
ѵˣˣ㲻վɱסһҲ𣿡ŭһ˵
ظħͷҵʵΪסʱʼ˵İ׷߻ش
ߣ˷ʧˣȥҲǰ취򽣸ʿɱġ
Сʵ̫ˣÿֻҪ˼ŷߣҪú취뽫ӳȥһ䡣
ԣ·˽Ĭ

º޻Եջ֮ڣҶɵӰĳ侲֮ڣڴͷ˫Ŀ΢е˼ʲô
ԴԼ뿪ҩһʱɱڴʿѾмʮˣҶԼҲоԼı仯ħͷƺš
ҶɲûЩ˸ߵ£ǸĸڣӦ˵ϢˣԼȺ󼸴ȥԴҲûд̽ʲô
ڼ֮ǰҶ޻˽塢ǬˣǲûҶסһҿջΪһͬеĻץҶɵļǧڳϡ
Ϊ˲˵ע⣬ƽֻҹǲŻ￴Ҷɡ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷǰڤɻ꽣ԴǴһϵ꣬Ҷɱ룬Ȼ˽ɻ֣ӦĹܡ
ϾҶɵļʶţǵɱȣʲôҲεı仯
ԣҶÿնɱ˷ʱ򣬶ὫڽóſǷ񻹻ֱ仯
ÿһζʧܸգڤɻ꽣ûɹκ꣬ҶΪŮвͨҶɳ˸ַ
ȺԹԣԼΪϵĲ࣬һԼնɱԲʿһһ𣬵Ҳûнա
Ҷãѽչһĳֱ仯εѺڽ·ЩԣƫƫҶɵ˼·
΢˼Ƭ̣䵥ǰһһ֮ɫץУҶɷо
˵ǰԼֻǲ²⣬ڣҶɿԶ϶϶һ˲õıʲӲֻԼһֱá
ƺҲһּߣʿ֣ʿǰҶѾΣԱ֮
˵ڷʶӣܷӹ߽׵ʶ̽飬Ҷɻҿ϶Ҳȥԡ
ԼԲľ磬޷̽İ磬û취õʲôˡ
ĵоһᣬգҶɽɫ
˵ŶʹߴµһŽԪݣĴֻʹд˵ҩˣһҲԼǵġҶЩε˵һ䡣
ȻǧڶԼʣҲֲԼ壬ʵûа취ҶɴǰǧڣȡԪ
ϾǧԼϤڵʵֻҪŲԼȫ硣
뽫ҶɵҲżƻ⼸ҶѿڶԸԼƺʿҲǳˡ
ֻҪԼǧһЩ棬ΧԼ֮ʣᴫŸǧģǰԼ
Լöݵ֮ԶΧȦ֮ʣʩչɶ֮ѸٸǧڣѰҽԪȻǵҩЯǾûа취ˡ
ҲֻҶһŵ뷨ҪʩУҪϸıһģԲܲ¡
һ˼£ʱҲǵҹҶȻ֪һ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãĿҶ˫Ŀһ˿ſڴ
žžž΢֮ĴҶɵ˫Уһ¶һЦݡ
ǹģɡ˵껰Ҷ̾˿žſЦ


127 ƻ
Ҷɻһ䣬Ŵ򿪣Ӱ˾֮ڣźҲĸ
Ҷʦ֣󰡣Ĵġһ꿴˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ˣǽ壬Ǭ˵塣
ٺ٣ҲҪ˵ˣһСһãͿܱĸסСģôҶɿ˿ˣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣǬ΢΢һЦǻӣھǵ㣬һ˵¼Ҳôħͷˡ
ϴνʦ˵ˣǻûţ벻ˣʦֵͷô˰ɫ
ûʲôһˡҶ˵˵һ䣬΢˼Ƭ̣ȡһֻƿ塣
ӦģܲܽͿԼʵˡҶ֣ص˵
⣬벻ʦ㻷֮£뵽壬лʦˡɫһ˵
ǼʲôˣǧǰʱѾ׷ңжˣҶüͷһ˵
ԣüͷһ壬̾ϢֹǧڣĴֶδˣڵٴ
ԣò׷ʱ䲻ãҲ֪ʹߴʲôֶΣȻĴٴץ㡣
֮£ĴֻӲͷƤˣڵӱɱ⡣
ǵһնɱһ򽣸ĳϣ˵ʹ߲ҪģҶɻ˵һ䡣
ĽҲǴﵽڣһЩڲ飬ҲǱȽǬҲ֪һЩֻȻͣڵˣûʸ
ǰʹߴ˱͸ߵģ˵ǸŴţ˵ǰ׷ħͷɱ޹ĴȻ޷Կʱħͷʱٷȥ
ң˵һӲϢҲ֪Ǽ١Щĵ˵
ŶʲôĴֶԸҸص𣿡Ҷüͷһʵ
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ǱݵĴҪµöֻ࣬ǲ֪١˵꣬ĿҶɡ
ʲôŰȱ⡭Ҷɫһ˵˵һ䡣
ĴžҶЩʹڰȱԼΣ֮ò˼վҪ˼һɱܡ
ʹߴ˷֮ǰ˭ܽסǻУһͣǰĸֵҩʯȣΪ͡
иߵĽڴڼ䣬ĸŲȫ㣬ʹ߻֮󣬶ϼӴ˵˵
ŶֲƽһʱļٴδģԭʹڸҶ˼˵һ䡣
Ҷʦ֣ʲô㣿Ǭһ䡣
һҶ˵Ҫ־棬ҪȽ׵ʱûã⼸ҿ˵
ˣʦ֣ұǧڳϰΧǷǰң˵꣬Ҷɿ˿
ԣɫһ䣬ڵҶʦܣʦ־ǵʵΪѣԣǧҪױǼϷ֡
ҵĲ²⣬ֻҪӵϴţʮа˾֮£һ˼ģϾʹ߸ѹ̫󣬹ϵŵİΣ
˽ĻҶ˼ĵ˵ͷʵҲΪѣϵΧңǧҪңӰǡ
ȫ֣޷ֵߵĻûܹסҵģǴɷġ
Ҷ˽ŽɣڴһʱıϷ֣ŴŶȻ뿪˴˵ء
ڣҶɵ°ͣһ˼֮ɫ

ݱԵһɽϿգһɫݹ⼤ٶ֮죬ģ֮£Ը߿ռ۶
˵ӰʹߣҪ뿪ݡ
ֻǴ˿̵ʹɫЩһ߷ɶݣһ૵ӵǽƻֻҪ٣ӵ
ߣҪԭ򣬻Ǽϼһûн߾ȫԼѲͲץҶСӡ
˶٣ʹһ˿֮ɫλȥûҼŵùʦͬУ볤˵ǰɱħͷ
˳㣬ȥǧǴѨٺ٣˷˶ĻӦܹȥˣǲ֪澿ʲô
˵Żʹ΢΢һЦд̣ĸº󣬱ݱ߾Ͻݵ
պݾڣһϿգٷɶеʹߣȻһ٣ɻĿǰԶݹ⡣
һṦһ졢һӰʹߵĶ棬ʹ֮΢΢һ㶣漴һ֣¶һ˿ѰζЦ⡣
ʹ߼ˣȴɫ΢䣬ɫصĿŶˡ
ԭ㣿ԩ·խôû˱Щʦֵأ´󺺿˿ʹߣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣʹ۽һɫһ˵Ȼں󷽣Ҳһˣħŵࡣ
ңɷңֻҪҽסһСᣬҺʦֵһǾӵˣߡ
˵ŻʹɫһһವһɫɽһĺȻͣʹͷ֮ϡ
ʲôʹߵټʹһס˵ӣǺɫ΢䣬ź´󺺵ңǽȷŹɣʰҲ٣Ҫ
ԣʹƺ˿
һĻûӹ´󺺵˫ۣһ˿ʹߣɷң֮СûˣͰų
ģ˵ľȱûǾͰˣ˵ǿԶ˵ʱܴ˵ʱҲģٺ١
´˵껰һವһһƬѪӿţűʹһֶȥ״ʹɫ΢䡣


128 
Ҷھ֮ڣڱĿϢţȻ˫ĿһâüͷһĿ˿ſڴ
ءһ
űһ߿ţӰ˾֮УͷһߣҶɺϤǧڵĳϡ˷
״Ҷɫһȴǲû˿֮ɫֻЩɻҵġ
Ҳ벻ɣҲһĻǻǲţõİ׷ħͷסƵطڳ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣҶ۽һѵǽ˳Լ˵Ӧò֮¡
ƺҶɵ˼ڳҡͷҲʲô˵ģϷԸٹǣҹǻʲôܡ
ûټһЩ֣ģٺ١˵꣬ڳϿ˿ڻ
ŶƾĸҲסңҶĳһֱŵĹϵûж֣ߣǻסµġҶһ˵Ī˵ǰֻĸˣʮˣҲûʲôá
֪һֹǸûֱץ㣬˷ǰֻ֪ͨһϢڳϹһЦ˵
ԣҶɫһ֪ڳкϢҶĳ
ٺ٣ܣܼʦֵܣҪܿˣǵĻȥɾӡջѴǡ˵ŻڳϾûֱ֣Ӵ뿪˴˼侲ҡ
Ҷɿ˵ıӰüͷһ˼Ҷɴ֮󣬵Ҳֻ⼸ѣ˵֪ΣգΣҲҪȥһ
ܾȣʵڲеĻҶҲִУĻ޷ˣҪԼ
жȴҪúüƻһģǧˣӦò߰˵ġ

ڶ峿ɾӿջǰһЩΧ۵ʿͲΪߵڴʿ
мһƬյ֮ϣֽţŽ꣬һأĴǽ壬Ǭˡ
ʦ֣ҿ̫԰򽣸ôκϽ򽣸½ϣȻǧƣ⾿ô£ɫص˵
ԣüͷһ壬Ͳ˵ˣڴˣһ㣬ǧڳҲǲҿܵġ
ѵǧڳʲô仯ϣ½ϼȻ˵˷ҪסҶʦܣѾıá
ǧڴʿ򽣸ҲڴΣҶʦܲͰˣˣ»׶༪١
ǬЩ֮ɫ½˵Ҷʦֲ־ܣǿҿǼٻ
Ļգֶζ֣ҶʦܲǡǬɫһûټ˵ȥ
ԣĬĬ̾Ϣһһʱ䣬˱ǳĬ
ΧֱڳϴǧڵˣԼŰµ꣬½ϴ򽣸ˡ
½ϣȻǧϷҲòӣ˷ˣ½ϵİϣ˳סħͷڳ˵˵һ䡣
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״½۽һ䣬¶֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱΧֵȺһɫңȫԼ沿ȫӰֻ¶һ˫Щľګ۾
ˣҶɣڴܻԼǧԱĲ𣬵ڿʱ΢΢һ㶣漴¶һ˼ɫ
½ϣҶҲǴǸ뿪ҩʱ֮ʵҶɼֵӡ
֣κϽԲһʮһڴʿ˵ĻЩѰˡҶɵһ䡣
ֻǧʿԼС࣬Ҳһս֮˳ľȳˣ򽣸ˣǳҶɵϣԼҲ޷Կˡ
ȥҶҲûʲôð취ʵţٶĹƣҲ޷սʤʮһڴʿġ
Ҷһ˼ţһ߹۲ɾſڵı仯
һֱȵ磬Ҳ쳣ûзκͻ磬볤ϵɫصĿܡ
򽣸½ɨɨȺȻһ˱סĽߣ¶˼Ȼ֮ɫ
ħͷ½ĳ֪ھȺ֮УûȤ׽Բأ㻹ԹԵִеĺá˵꣬½ɨһȦȺ
ãû˵½üͷһ壬ħͷӦʶҲӦ֪½ĳԸٲ֣ˣɾҪˡ
˵꣬³ɫһһâ
ԶҶתԥʲôڳȥҲ޲޷ȳˣᱩ¶Լ˵Լӵ˵ɾͲˣΣյġ
Ҷ˼֮ʣ½ϺȻһȵħͷȻΪȥǺã½ĳȫ㣬Ҿؿţĺǰ䡣
䣬½̧ƣϴһɹɿֲĲһ㵭Ľɫ»ƣȥҪֵ˼
˷Ӧ½кɫһһ䣬صһصǬͷ­֮ϡ
ۡһ
ѪĽǬͷ­ѶһӳǱ½ϸһ򣬺Ļɢ


129 ͻ
½ĽǬУĪ˵򽣸ԼֵܿȺޱȣǧڼڴʿҲһ㶣漴Ϻһ
һŭݵÿ½ϣϾҪֵ˼ʵû뵽½ţȻڼǧڳǰԼһڵӵնɱ
ǧڳֻ̾Ϣһҡҡͷֻǵ˵ˡ֣༸û
ԶҶɸһ֮ɫЩӦ૵ʲô⣬Ȼҵǧڵ棬նɱǬҶɵоŭ֮ʵû뵽򽣸½ϣȻĸҶ֡
һ·һĻĻɵԺиֳ
ǧѡβԡŶֲҶİٺ٣˵ͨǬвʶġ
ȥǧ񣬱ݲΪѡǬΧ½ƣʮǧڣʿٺ٣½ʦ֣ͬš
ݺᡣģҶʦ֣ͨڣ϶ҪŮϢסٺ٣
ԼҩʯǬŽԼʯ˳ȥĵεΣһѴһ㣬ûҶɵ࣬ЩԴϢ
뵽ҶϹһ˪вԹԼǬ˵ΪԼ˴˴⣬Ҷû취ܵġ
ħͷ𣿺ٺ٣ãȻˣһڵСӣҲΪ䡣򽣸½¶һ̵Ц⡣
ţһ̧ԥһĶȥ
ס֡ʱȺдһŭĸߺ৵һ£һҵӰԾȺ
϶һժ¶ҶɵӰһͷƮݵİ׷޷ԶƮһϢͷŶ
׷ħͷǳ˰ٺ١Ҷɳ֣½жһ٣Ц
ʲôˣɱǬԲк³ΪҲŹ㡣Ҷɫص˵
ǿЦ㲻Źң֪Ǿץġ½¶һ֮ɫ
ߣûǸ£ԼҪҶҧгݵ˵һ䡣
Ŷֹ֪Ǻץס㣬ǸߣλҲһģԼˣ־ܣ½ЦһŶһ䡣
Ҷʦܣ
Ҷʦ֣Ҫǣߡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫҶɿ񺰵
ԣҶһᣬԼЩ˲ΪץԼ־ܣҲһȵóˣߡ
״½һ˦һŻɷһĳҶɵǰǽġ
ħͷϣֻҪ־ܣ˱ȥ֮ǣ½ĳޣɱǣһ۶գ½˵
ԣҶɫòϣת˼
ʱҶɺȻ۽һĵ׺׵һɼΣյĸоңԶߣģģһŹϼŴ˴ٽӽھ̫ңԶʶûз֡
ϸһ߽۳Ķݹ⡣
á¶֣Ҷ붼ĴһµһŤ֮һģû档
ֻҶһɱǶˣһøҡ
״½һ㶣漴ŭһڳϺʲôȥ׷λڸϾ͵
ԣڳɫһǧڵ׷ȥ½˿ؽˣһڵСɱˣһ˷ϵΪͺã˵һ֮ӣһ
˵Ż½ϴż׷˳ȥһṦȴһٵͣĺȻת׿˿ĳ
ƿһһɫݹ⼤֮£½ͷϿգݹһ¶һ꣬򽣸
·ϵˣһ˵
ԣüͷһ壬ֵ˻û𣿡
ظոձˡ½ϴӦһ
ʲô˶ãǸ򣿡ɫһЩȵʵ
Դȥʹ˼Ķݵ֮һṦǾʧȥϢ̫ܲԶģǧڳϵѾǰȥ׷Ҳ½ϻû˵ꡣ
ֻݹһ𣬻һ磬Դȥٶ֮죬Ĺ򣬱ǽ½ϵˣԶԶ˦
ߣҲȥ׷˷Բܵˡ½˵˵һ䣬䣬˱Ǽӿ춯Դ׷ȥ

ɽԵһ˴ƽԭ棬ȻڳһɫӰҲݹ⣬ֱգٵɽȥ
˵Ӱʹõɽ֮ƵҶɡ
Һǰˣʶ֣ܾҪΣˡҶһ߿ٸ·һЩĵ˵
Ҷ˵ţԼʶԲ֮мܼ߽󣬻ȷ
һ֮ʱҶɵʶѴﵽңÿһС磬ʶ֮ᰴڵİɵһΡ
Ϊ̽룬ΪɣԲ֮İٶɵʶ̽룬ͬ׵
ʮʶ̽룬ԲҲֻ֮࣬ڣŻһʵķԾʶ̽ﵽ֮ࡣҶ޽ӽ
ʶ֮˵㣬ϵ£Ŀⲻ֮緢쳣Ͼоơ
޻ǵݹ֮ʱǳԽǧϾ룬߳Ȼǿ֣ʶ޷ҲҶǵݹ⡣
ҶɵĲ룬ǧӦòģӣӦǰǽӵ֪ͨģ˵ĻԼǰǧڵȡԪĴûᡣ
ԣҶɹԴӴܣ˦֮ϵת·޻ǧڷȥ
ζ벻Ҷɻ˵ҳʱǿǧڵģֻҶûϵǣǵݹⲢǧǧѰ򽣸񣬱ϾֻǷģĶݹ⣬ûĿʲôˡ
һ˼ţҶһ߰оżƻ˷˵û򣬵ϾӲţΣҲС
Ҳ֪˶ãһŽҶɣԶԶؿǧɽţǰѾɽԵ
ǧڣѾܾûлˣ벻˷ȻҪӲҲԹңǧʣҲҪҲ壬Ǭĳ𣬴ҽ֮ʱҪѪϴݡ
Ҳ⣬ҽǼȮȻħͷҲٶһЩ˵꣬ҶֳŨŨɷȥЩֲӡ
΢˶Ҷɳ˿һ˵棬ǧɽȥ
ˢһֻɽһ֣һƿ֮𣬽ţһݹ⼤Щæ
Ҷһ㶣漴ݹһһ£ɫ԰׵ߣȻ¶ΣǧǧѰ
ô㣿ϷҪȥ޻㣬벻㾹Ȼţٺ١ǧѰ˵꣬¶һЦݣҶɼ״һ˿⣬ɫ˲


130 
û뵽һСҲʶҶת˵ǧѰɫ԰ףϢЩȣһЩơ
ԭΪ޻򿴼ǵݹǧѰӦˣĿܣӦ򽣸ˡ
СߣڵݣѾĴˣϷǺ棬˵ʲôӦò׵İɣǧѰ˵еɻ
ԣҶɼȻûл֣ҲûʲôȻΪ˽ԪǧӶס
ԣֻ취ȥȡԪڿûˡ
ʲô㣬ôĵӣߣϷҲ·һˣһλһλᣬǷϷ֡Ҷ˵ǧڱסԼĵӣǧѰ۽һ
Ҷ˵ȡԪǧѰһ˿ɫӹȻЩʶֻǵ˲õˣزۡ
Ȼ̤Ʈ·Ȼǲ䣬ֻһ˿ᣬҲԲ򣬵ҲûбҪˡ˵껰ҶµһŤһ۵һû֮С
״ǧѰüͷһ壬ҡͷǶԵģֻǣûлˡ˵껰ŵһˣʧ˵֮ϡ
ҶڵǰУĹ򣬱ǸоǧѰһֲ˼ĿֲٶȣԼٽӽ
ԣӶȻЩ죬ñ޷ץס˿ѾӽĶݵ֮ˣȫʩչҲûл·ˡһ䣬ǧѰȻһᣬâ˸˫֣ڵɳʯٴ
ۿžҶɰɾʱǧѰȻüͷһ壬ɻףôҪȥˣʹݵ֮Զһʱ䣬һȥʹ÷зٺ٣Ϸ׾ٱ׷㣬޴
ǧѰĸӦǰҶŵ֮ϳȥǧѰҲǲϵ档
һ̣ǧѰˣ۽һɫһ㶵鷢ˣҶҲûʩչκηзҲ۳ݹ⣬ֱ㶵գ৵һ£Զȥ
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ǧѰô΢ʱҶѷɵԶߣ״ǧѰһݹһವһҶ׷ȥ
պһϿգһɫӰŵĽ⣬ԶٷɶܶȥûãһɫݹϿһ׷ҶɵǧѰ
ֻǴ˿̣ǧѰԽԽ𾪣ʵû뵽ȷɶ֮Ѿ޽ӽ߽׵Ķͨ
˵ڻһЩʱ׷ϣԼȴǲ̫һ֮ǰǧûȬַ֮⣬ʵѲȫʢʱڡ
յĹ򣬷ǵû룬ЩҶӳԼʶ
뵽ǧѰɫһаһĵϹлᣬҪڻ
˵껰ǧѰƺŭ⼤Ǳݹһٶȱǰӿ˼֣Ҷ׷ȥ
˿̣ҶɵҲǺܺãΪɶٶ̫죬ΧҼһѰѷСϹȥһ㡣
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ʮ֮ǧѰɫӲ԰аԾҶɲˣȻҲۺ񣬾ȻԼ׷ãҲûмٶȡ
һ˼ǧѰҲͷҶɱϾԲΪۺ̶ȣ޷ԼȣӦʲôҩ
ȵҩһЩãҶҲ̫ģԼӲȥҲܺڱƴģǷۺˣõģʤһ
һºǧѰ벻鷢ˣҶ˵ٶȴԼҲûǰٶȣ֪䣬˾Ȼ׷ƮڷΧڣҶǴǧѰĴҴܣĿıӡ
һ߷ɶݣҶһ߰üԼѾٶ˼£ʼ̹ԪָһЩʵڱȲԼٶȣҶɲò̷˼ŵҩ
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ʱһãҶɲò̷ҩҲҩ֮ʱƳһЩƷҩܿٻָҲǲСҶɰԼȻǵѡ
Ҷɶһһ£ǧѰת˴ºǧѰɫâһɫòϣƬ̺俴һڼٷɶݵҶɡ
ٺ٣СӣΪӵóϷģʵ㣬ĴǱɣͲҪӵˣϷסʹߴ˶һЩô˵껰ǧѰɫһ¶һ֮ɫ
ԣҶɲᣬȻδ־ܣһ˼оһȻתݱԵȥӣƺݷ
״ǧѰ¶֮ɫСӣΪӳݾͿԻ𣬺ߣϷԲᡣ˵껰ǧѰ̷̧һŵҩ¶һ˿ĺΣݹһٶһС֮ࡣ
ǰҶɸо˵״ɵɫһ䣬оź߾ԼԽԽҶһҧҲ̷һʱĽҩ
৵һ£Ҷâһʢȫʹ֮Уӿ˼ٶȣŽǰݱԵȥҶɻһƴ֮ǶҶţһҲӲҶɲòƴӴܡ


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131 Ԫ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ·һ޷ڷݣݾڣΣûоʹʧǧѰԽԽ
ַ˰֮ãҶɫ԰ףһϢҲǴǰɶٶȣֱͬͨڼԦзޱȡ
˿̣ǧѰٶҲҶ˵ǿ˼֡
պҶɸоѸٽӽǧѰһ˼󣬺Ȼһٵͣ˷ɶȥֵûС
ĹǧѰ׷ҶɸݹһдɫĿһҶɡ
Ϊ˽ʡһЩҶʾ˵棬漴СųΪʮ֮ޣصĿǧѰ
ţҶһ˦һѪâһĺȻڰջΪһѪɫС
Щ֮Ҷָ⴦һĺ΢΢һȻ嶾˸գ׼ȴ͵Ϯ
Щ׼֮ҶɾָȻת׼ʱ֣˷ֱϾһ߽ףҶɲ˿⡣
˶ֺ֣ɫأһ֮ɫҶɣǧѰڵ棬üͷһ壬ţĿˡ
ôˣ׼𣿺ٺ٣벻ȻϷ˼µʱ䣬˵֮ǰһЩƣ֮£û˿ġǧѰ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶһҡͷ㲻һнƷĻһлٴߵģ֪ŵٶȣҲ˽һ£߽׵ľսΡ
ŶĵǲСоԵֵϷһ֮ҵҲ֪ʶͬǿһЩ֮⣬սܴﵽʲô̶ȡǧѰЦ˵
Ծ֪ˣŲǧѰʧġҶ˵˫Ŀ֮Уȴһ֮ɫ
ԣǧѰһ漴һӣˢһһѺɫ󴸳ְգϣɢѹԲǷԱĴڡ
Ҷ۽һ˵
ٺ٣ʶȥ䣬ǧѰźɫ󴸹ϼһϯŴ̶ƿ֮һģҶһҶȥ
״Ҷɵһ㣬ѪɫбѪһɼŨѪζͷŶϼһʢźɫһնȥ
ţҶɵһ䣬һɫСܳǰҶɻ
صһѪɫУֻǵֵɫƬ̣Ǳһɣһģ֮󣬴ص䵽ɫ֮ϡ
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Ǻɫ󴸿ܼС룬ûжӣҶϾǷ߽ʩչģȻС
ڴ赲ҶǰԶʱ̧һ㣬һɫһº˺ڴ֮ϣ΢΢һΣȥС˼֡
ںɫ󴸸ҪҶͷ֮ʱ令һţֳ̧ĳһ㡣
䵥Ŀâһҧ£ȭźɫһȭ
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һûнҶɻУǧѰдһףһ˿Ȼ֮ɫʥǴ󷨣ʥǵǽ޵ˣֲ֮㡭
û˵꣬Ȼ۽һ漴һУһֻһ̽·һֻɫס
˿δɫͷһΣһ̣кȻһֻ͸룬ǧѰһץס֮󣬱ǹϼ˸ѣ·Ҫѳȥӡ
״Ҷɲɫ΢䣬߽׹ȻʵǷֻһ֮ԼֶȫϣҲ޷ֵ
˿սȥ׶༪٣ٴηɶܣƺҲǺܴʵڲУҲֻܶúڽˣܽԷˣԼҪ׸ˡ
Ҷɿ˼Բ֮ʱǧѰȴǵĿˡ
ٺ٣ֶεǲ١սڵУ֣ĻǵݣСһЩĻĿܡǧѰȻ˵һûͷûβĻ¶֮ɫ
ܷǧѰкιϵҲ£˵Ķ֣Ҳƴȫġ˵껰ҶվΣɫصĿǧѰдһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ǧѰԣɫһ̧ͷ˿εգ̾Ϣһ漴һһҶɼ
״Ҷɫ΢䣬æٻغɫеֵһ̣Ҷȴ΢΢һ㶡
ǵھҶԶʱȻһ٣һֻ½ӨӨƿȻǰҲ֪ʲô
ǧѰһ֣صĿ˿ҶɣصĵǽԪ뿪ݰɣпܵĻ÷ʳѡƿϷû˵˭һŽԪ˳ġ
ʲôҶЩȻ֪ղɷ㣬׷Լ֮õͷȻӣѵթ
һ˼ҶɲûȥƿϽ֮ɫŨСʵǧѰǺ⣿ʲôֱ˵Щ̫ס
ҶؼţǰǧѰдŨŨɱ⣬׷Լ֮ʱĨ֮ɫǼװģ˵˻òҶЩͷԡ
״ǧѰһ˿ɫ΢΢ЦЦȻ֪Ҳ޷ɱ⣬ϷȷαװġҶԣɵɫһ


132 
һ̾ϢǧѰҡͷСӻƴȫϷȴû¼ʮ˵Ѫ죬ϷҵС
ʹߣɱ֮޷ΪͽĻ˶ǧڣԺܻܿύϡ
ΪʹˣûϢϷ㰵бһʱ䣬ϣ򽣸ϹдΪɣˣҽҪңȹǧڡ
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ԣǧѰҡҡͷǧ䵽³٣㶼һЩΣǰϷɱ⣬ȷġ
ȻЩǱϷ֮ãʵһͨ飬˷͵͵㡣
ѵǧѰͲ»ȥû취ڶµĿ飬ѵǸղŵһιҶʳʡ
Ϸа취ǵҲһ飬;һ仰ǹؼ֮Ұʾ֮أǷỹݲߡ
һֱӴܵĻϷҲŹ㣬㽫նɱҲֻܹ޴ãѡݡ
ϾˣϷ˽һ£Ҳû˷֣ˣ˵ϷǱѣǳȻ֮ô˵ҲǧڵӣϷʵڲ֡
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ϷҲҿ϶ֻǼϹǧѾʵߣǹϵϺõʦֵܣҲֻнϵĺˣܱסһȥΪˡˡǧѰɫһ˵
ԣҶ˫ĿһУֻƽȭ˿ǧѰһ֣صĵǧѰģǽ֮ʱ̤ƽ򽣸Ѫϴңȡ
ƮҲ£Ҳ⽫һȻƺΪħԣҾһħͷǿ
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ҪСģشﲩԴḻűСطţҲֻϵˣһУҪŬźá
˵ŻǧѰһգҲûʲôݹһ𣬱ݷȥ
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˵龰ҶҲЩС෢ʲô⣬ǽʧܣȴ֮ãҲûʲô
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ʱɽȻʼҡҳһѺۣƺʲôȻһ㡣
״ҶɼæΣվԶضҡҡ׹ɽ塣
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ºһɽȸһεķзԶ
һӰŰ£Ƥ׾һͷڷԺĿ㣬һ˫鶯Ӿƺ͸¶һɲɣ֮⡣
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133 
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һ˼صһɢޣֻȥݼʶһ£·˵ʵΪλǰ̧֡
˰ĻһͷţȻСطˣݼʶһҲã¼ѡ
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ţгһöɽаһ㣬˵һŨܵİһ󷭹̼䣬һߵͨǰ
Ĳȥ߽ףֻӲͷƤȥһֻƣȴǲۼķ˴ϡ
ͨڣģʶ֮Ҳ޷̫̽ԶΪ˷߽׵ģڸ޷ʲô
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ȥɡ´˵һ䡣
ԣһУںѡ£һŹĻȥ۵һûʧ״´һȥ
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ʯ̨֮ʮθʿڸ߽ף༸˽Щ˵ӽӹĶװ׼õĴ漴ڶЩˣѭ
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װҲɽмʯ̨˳ȥٴηء
⣿뵽˷˼ĿǰһĻЩӳУ뷲˿к
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ԣüͷһ壬ɽʯ̨˹ȥ´󺺼״һת뿪˴˴
ʯ̨俪˵һֱӰ˰֡ȻԲͲҪͶˡ
СȥſѨΪ߿һЩڸ͡˵껰߱˫Ŀһգ
ǣϡһߴӦһ漴Ű꣬һѨȥ
˶ѨڣǳüЩԸ˽ȥԱ߰겻ҵ߹հƣڼڴʿڿűʲô
ˣͺˣŶѨ󣬼ס͵˽أҲҪߣٱˣҲԵõ
깤֮󣬱ֳɫߣԵõһס⶯֡˵껰Щͷüת뿪˶Ѩ
ܹ߻谵Ưżҹ飬Ѩڿռ䲻Լ䣬꿴˷ֱһλ׷ߣڵΪ
һһ꣬ڵΪ˿֮󣬲û˵ʲô漴Ǹæµ
굹ޱ飬һɫһµĿɳһĿʯߣоʱ͵һ۰ꡣ
ۿһ֮󣬰˵̫˽ҲţԼøЩʲô֪ġ
һԥ䵥һ䣬৵һ£һѪɫУȻУָһವһûǰĵ档
ŰƣѪɫ·ɣѨһǽԽԽ󣬲ʱһ鲻Ŀʯ漴Ǳ׵󣬴һʿʰ
üͷһ壬һʯϸ˼ۣоЩϤƺŨ
״׷һ߿ſʯһߴյߣһ֮ѹŰ˵λѣҲǱץİɣ˵꣬߾Ŀ˿ܡ
ԣüͷһ壬΢΢˵ͷһ˼üˣѲɶץģôôʵ
Ļ΢΢һ㶣һɻĿŰ꣬Ѳʿ
ݣ·ǡɱ˴˽˵˵һ䡣
Ŷֲ㲻֪߶˶٣˸Ŀ˿Ѩڴ֮Щ˶ħŵһЩ߽ףǱץģ󲿷ɢޣһССˣƽҲҵħš
ȻһЩ䵥ʿеҲץ˽ˣɢ뿭֪ôƺ˵꣬˿ǰƤ׾ٿꡣ
һɢޣ뿭ѡ˵꣬˫ĿһУƺ˼ʲô꣬ǻָݵҶɡ


134 Բ
ŶѣҲ㱳ģǿ¶ûʲô³ˡ˵껰̾Ϣһ
ʱͷĬĬؿĻ꣬Ȼжһ٣ü뿭ѣŵĵӣѵǸҶҲɣ
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˵ĶԻҶüͷһ壬ûнӿʲôѡ
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˵ֳɫģ˵ǺƭҵȣǸտʼ͸ýǵıȥֵĻᶼûСŵ˵
ԣ׷оâһҡͷ̾Ϣٺ٣ǰˣ֪ڻ᲻ȻҶ֪ɣȫչΪǼ˿ɵĹ𣿡
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ٺ٣ҲҪ룬ϷҲǲ²ˣҲ־˵ģʱ깤Ļÿ˷һȻ󰲰ȫȫĽǷųȥءߵ˵һ䡣
ҶԣȻóⲻǺƭдʣħһֶΣǲٸЩ˻ڵġ
뿭ѣȻ˵ô࣬Ӧʲôİ취ɣҶ΢΢ü˵һ䡣
ԣɫһ漴̾ϢһϷа취ݿӳȥˣҪ밲ȫĻ˵ǲġ
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΢˼Ƭ̣뿭΢΢һЦܼ򵥣־ѣ㻹ǵҰѰɣ
һᵽҰ־ŭһߣǸС˸ʲô֮£ìܴ֣Ҳϱֻ˵ŶѨ
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Сüͷһ壬Ҷָ뿭㲻ɻֵܹҵͷϣ㣬Ҳûô֣Ǵȥˣߡ
ߣϷǴȥˣҪ󻻵ط뿭˵
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135 ı
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¸оҶ˵ħŵҲǲ֪ԣǻ׼ĺáһ˵
ѣʱ֮ǰҲᵽڿһҲãȻˣǱ㿪ʼжѸһ´ɫ˵һ䡣
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ߣǸоԾֱӻɳ߽鿴ģӣҲŲ˶ˣܵһһɡ
ԼǣϾ߽ףʣ¼ڣɱһһɣƴʱҲͼһѹһӰ˵
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ʱһѺ˸ذף׵һ˴ȥͬʱڶѨڴǰֻùϼһһ㵭ɫĻֶ״˲ɵɫ΢䡣


136 ħԴǹ
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137 նɱ
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138 
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ԣ˫ĿһУһмǽŽɣߣ˫Ŀ¶̰֮ɫܵһʯ
ŲħţԸҪʲôôȽҷųȥ˵һ󺺣˵
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140 
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ȥҲ˵ЩʲôԼҪܵͷ˻˵ȥʱ򣬳ϸλǲŵ֪˴˴
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141 Ϣ
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ԭΪԻգҲ룬ϺȻŭһһ֮⿴Լ
˵ʲôɷңڸ·ϣնɱɽ߽ףϸʵ
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ˣֲɽҵǣĳֶΣ֪֮أǰȥ׷֮ʱҵڿ󣬶׳ջ˴£ߡ˫Ŀ˵
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ԣϿ˿ˣһĨ⣬ƺգãֻһ̳֣Ȼա
һƣôǣԭˣϷҸᣬһӣҲҪЩˡ˵꣬˫ĿһУɫһ

ϲɽڷΧڣԵشһСĳǳأһֻ״ԶԶȥһֻƽԭϵ꣬ƺҪڿնһ㡣
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Щϣ鵤ϢãҶʵһˣҲ֪˵˶೤ʱ䣬ŽЩϴ룬֪ΪҶ˼£˵Ҫ
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɾһѰҽԪҲһһϦ飬佫жһ󣬱ֻ˼Ϣ
ţ˫ĿһգĲ


142 
ݱһɽˮ㣬Ũƽԭ֮ϣһ·壬˷ʮ֮ߣ̣ʮ㡣
ɽܻһЩͰĽΪһݹش󲻶вʱֳһѤĹϼһ㲻Ƿ˾ס֮ء
ɽ֮ϣһεŵĶ¥ǳŹؽգɽ֮һӵ㽨
˽ī֮ɫȥۣҲо˿ĽƲȴǺڸ֡
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˿̣ɽһڣӰУһǻճϣһһߣг˲ɣ֮ɫ
ޱ飬ŭҲɢΪϢȴ˸оһΣգˣɽڴϡľӣ
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Ȼ鼸ٷһ㱦˻ţѽ䱦ߣǶԷ䣬ôµʶӡǣ˵ҲȽĨһЩ
һЩϵıʿһ޷ģΪ䲢ܽʱǿмܵһķɣһЩͽ׷̫صĺ
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143 
޳ջĳ侲֮ڣӰУƺʲô
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144 
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ǰһߵʯ̨ϰһֻɫľΧտյʯ̨ܣȴһ͸ĽƹĻһ˺ѽеӡ
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145 ǧ龧
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146 
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ԣϿɬЦЦÿξ˼ңϷҲûб̫ϣȥġ
㻹ᣬеǻᣬȰɽڣȴϣҪȻȳһֺοġ
Ҷ˫ĿһУ˿ˣʵɽڣҵȲǳɵΪҲ԰ɽ𣿡
ѳݣ֪⼸ţҪģһЩСҸãǱѵʿʲôΪŶỶӭġ
ֻǲһǷɵļϸݰˣһţҲҪƣʱõʲôöҪţҿҵɢʹ졣ԭֵ˵ü䣬͸¶һ˿֮⡣
֪ƢϷûȰ㣬ҲգǾ͵ȥȿҵһͬ룬ϹһЦ˵
ԣҶ˼ܵȣԼȴż׵ģұŴ˵һЩֻҪԼСһЩһЩôġ
˵ԴʶһЩͨȣеõʵڲеĻǿȥɽڳһġ
ôѣнɽڵ˼Ҷɵ룬ԭ˼˵
ԣҶҲûͷʵ룬ΣֻҪܽɽڣҲЩλ
ʱ򣬹ҲᱻɽڲˣĻҵ⿿Լƴ֪Ҫ߶·ġ
ԣԭüͷһ壬΢˼Ƭ̣ǰţûнףһСӣ֪Ҫֲܺǲ
ԭ̫࣬ԼǣǵԴ£㻹ܽ´Ҳûʲôϣˡ
˵ͲҪʲôԺˣȶȹˣܹѵ㺦ɽûһϯ֮أȰ˵
˶˵Ļԭ˼֮У·ںףЩİɽڵ˼
ˣϣȣ֪ô£ɷ½һҶɿ˿ϣ˵һ䡣
΢΢һЦϵͷȻϷͽԼ˽ţѽһ
ϸҶɽһЩȵ顣ԭδţüͷƺʲʲôһ㡣


147 
޳ջҶھڣ°ɣһ˼֮ɫ
ѾõᣬԪٴգⲻҶЩʧ˿ĿǰԪҲشˣֻҪһʯ洦򵽣ĿǰǷȱģֻʯ⡣
Ψһʣ·һǰһţøԴԲΪҲһЩԴû˵һŽԪġ
Ǽȴֱȿȥ˵漴òԪܻһЩϧҲȡԪġ
ǰ˼֮£Ҷɾ԰ſǿѡģҲֻ£Լɽڣħǽ壬Ҷɿ֮ڡ
Ϊ޷Ź˵㹥ǿֻ˵ƫطһҶɵĹ޷֪Ҫ˷ѶʱСɡ
գҶɽĿɽڣѾƽϣһţ͵£ƽվٲǷǣҪŪԪ˵
ҶҲģڴ˶ʱ䣬ߣ˵Ԫûߵļ۸ֻʱ򱻴̧ȥѡ
Ϣ˼ʱ䣬Ҷȥ˲ԭȥطҽԪԭȴҡҡͷ˵һ
ѣѾͨȥɽڣʧҲˣǳɹһЩԴģͲĴˣʵڲ˼ԭ˿ҶɣЩǸ˵
ԣҶһ㶣һ˼ȴ΢΢һЦԭѣ˵ĻҶ˸˳·ˣҲǧڵġ
Ŷ㻹ȥܴ̽Ԫԭɻ˵һ䡣
ǺǣȥǧڣҲҪ·ǳصģҵ·ѯһͺã棬Ҳ˷̫ʱġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ҶɵԭһЦ˴֣ãѣȻˣҵȱһͬ·ҲиӦ̫ˡ
ˣϲȥ𣿡Ҷתһ䡣
ԣԭüͷһ壬̾ϢϽԲ꣬˵ʵͣɽڵҪǲɹġ
ԪѾֻ࣬밲ȵĶȹҲͰˣҵᣬҪһġ˵꣬ԭ˿
ãȻˣҵ·ġҶ˵һ䡣
Ҳǣң˵߾ߣϴһк뿪޳ǣɽڸȥ˵ҶɲϤ·ߣŲԭͼ
Ҷɲ뱩¶Լɶ֮ʶԭˣһ뿪޳ǲãԭ΢΢һЦ
ѣĪŪҿݹûззģ÷·ʵ̫Ҷ˳һзΣԭǵ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦͷҲãϣȷûззġ
ԭ˵ͷţ䵥һ䣬ৣһ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһֻСľСۡ
ŲԭһСҶЩĿУȻһ⣬ҲǱǵСӡ
Ҷϸһһֻһ㣬ĵ̹⣬һ·ʱʱ֣ɢһɹصĲ
ھм䣬һɫǴдһ㣬ɢһɹɽƲȥʵ쳣
ŲԶһ㣬ϼһ˶˵ǰ״ԭ΢΢һЦѣȥɡ
䣬ԭһԾһ̤ɫ֮ϣҶҲ˾ۡ
վɫ۵ǰˣԭһ˵һɫ΢΢һһܵһɫ쭷硣
ţֻˢһɫһַз޷ٶȣѸڿĳȥ
״Ҷг˾֮ɫһγУٶʵֲԼķжҲ˶ٵӡ
Ҷɵɫԭ΢΢һЦٺ٣ѣ˱ΪҶۣڵͽ׷ٶȣһЩͬ౦֮Уеȵġ
ʲôеȣ˵ͬǵͽױȻбҶٶȻģҶɻ˵
ȻЩƳķ챦ٶȿǲ߽׵ĶģȻ²ûмҲֻŰˡԭҶɽ͵
ԣҶ˫ĿһУ˵Լķжһˣݵشﲩﷱ࣬żõıҲһֱĺֶΡ
ԺлᣬһҪŪһһЩķбڷɶ֮ҶҲǺܵˣϾڣлӰһġ
Ҳ֤ˣһõıҪԡ
ѣȥհɡԭ˿Ҷɣ漴תŴȥ״Ҷһ˼֮ɫĸȥ
տռ䲢̫󣬵߰˵ӣҲûʲô裬мһֱľܼţھͱ
˸һԭһЦ漴һ䣬ϼһľϣֻյԼһĵɫ«
Ҷ˵ԭɫһѣƵԪƣʮܲЩġ
һʣǽύ㳤ʱ䣬ºϲѵԸ񣬴˾ƣ±˳ѹһ·֮į
˵Żԭһžһ«һһɼŨľɢҶֻһڣǸоһƣ֮жʱʧ䣬оЩϸ΢
ԭֻյһֻҶɵѣ˷˳ɽڣҶҲͳʦֵܡ
˵˿Ҫϵ۸ҶˣиӦԺѴ֮ʱԭȫ
˵Żԭյڴ֮󣬹һһ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУűյЩճĵɫҺ壬ԼƮɢɫ˵˱յ


148 ŹϮ
ҶԭͬУӹ·Ƭֺ˰ѾԻ̸ǢǶδѡ
֪ѸоȥȺãȥɽڡԭʵ
ȿǻҪһʱ𣿻ȥɽڰɡҶ΢Ƭ̣
˷ɶһһǳأһ·ϣҶ²ȥѰԪмͳǳȴһı߰ļ۸֮⡣
Ҷɸ̾ߵδǮеͨ
Ԫļ۸񣬻治һİ
ɽڣһξ룬ԭҲ֧СۣһµķУȵķԪ
һǳϰЪ׼Ϣһգټ·
ҹĻ٣ֵȻŵ̯ţһЩ̿ҲﲻʿȺȴҲΪ׳ۣǳ㲻ݵһǳأȴҲƽ
ѣԪǵһЩҹ䷻УǼΪԵһЩõıԭЦ˵ƽճߣݵһЩ飬ҲǼʶ㡣
Ҷ̧ͷգһƬʣ֪ʲôӣԪǣȻ˵Ļ죬ϣʱ̻͵ĹΣųһƬƬԲ
ֵĦ࣬ʿ
ǳУһЩˣָ೤ǹУȻҲܲ
ϵһЩʿǣ°˵̯ҶǵУоһЩΪˡ
Ҷɶ̽ӣһѵڵʿݻǲԻĵطȻڵʿڰڵ̯
ѲݣһǧʯԴͨʿľʿ󺰵
Ҷһ㣬ҲһʯˣѲݣǺöԴ
ԭҶеĶ֮ɫѲݣݸһЦͭݣ
ʿɫһһ֮ɫԭҲ˼־η˴ƣٺٵЦЦ
ʲôǿˣ˰ʯߡʿЦ
ѡԭҶɡ
ҶȴһĴ㵣û뵽ǰѲݣȻͭݣƣȻǸ˹ȥ
λѣҵǲ⣬ͭݣʯҪˣ㿴ΡԭЦ
ֻʿɫһתһ룬ͭ޷Ҳ۸ⶫ㲻ʲôϡʽھǰ˵ҲС
ɽʿͭݵ˹ȥ
ԭóʯʿԡ漴ͭݵݸҶɡ
ԭѣ⣡ҶЩ˼ϾԼģԭʯΪԼġ
޷Ҫһζҩģ㲻ض룬ʱõһԡԭһЦ֮
ҶɱǸŲԭһͬⷻУҶɻͱȽˣһ㶼ٿڡ
ԭһҹйҲûʲôֻһЩͨҩ⣬Ҷɲûʲô۵ģֻĿ˿
׼ؾסĿջ֮ʱͻȻ䣬Ϲһ磬һӰ̤ܶУŲ죬һȥ
ţԲҶ΢һ٣ǿ˵Ϊ
Ҫǻǻȥɣԭһ˵
ҶɵͷһЦϾԼ£ֻôһ˵ûжܵ˼
ҹɫˣ¶Ƚ˼֣Ҳ˷˪Ծڸǲ˽ֵϵǴʿΪϺ
ݣ
һӰӹٶͬܿ죬һ󵶣ںҹУһͷţ¶۽ǵһ
ɱ
Ҷ˲оǹϢһбǶԷһۣδ˵ʲô
ţǴ˵֮˰ɣǱɣϵĺӰһɣĿҶϡ

һȻĵ⣬ЯɭɭǹɱƺҪҶһΣ
ߣҶһ˫һʣש
н׷ǺӰ漴һתΪãã⡣
أ
һɼҵײҶ΢΢һͬģǽשҲǹ˵⣬ֱǺӰ
ǺӰȴȻ壬ֱӻӶƣֻ֣ƺɢһɰģƺһͷܣҶɡ
ƣҶɴһһԲεķɳ˽ֵϵǵӰ
һʿܲ򵥰վȷŹ㣬Ҵ絽ˣãܣǺӰһҶɹ󣬾Ȼ֮زز
ղŵĶڵʯ䣬ٶȿ쵽£ԭæһԸϹһ֮ɫæѯʵˣ
޷ҶںȴһĨɫ
ǺֻͨϮЩŹ֣ҶˣԪǣûʲôңϴ¡ԭһɫ
Ҳ׷ȥҶɲ
ˣȻްǻЩȥɽڰɣڼɽǰһ²һ£ҵټԪǣһˣͬ룬ԭ
Ҷвʣȴ޿κΣܸоЩ졣ԼֻһʿɲǻӤڵϹ֣ǵͨʶɸȫˡ
Ҳգȼɽں˵ҶҲ˵漴
ԭͷǶæȥջ˷ҹԪǣҶۣһĳǳطȥԶϡһƬСϢҲһġ
˴ע󣬱ͣĸ˿̣ԪУһӰڳǽϣңˣĿһۺ󣬷һȻѸٵԶˡ
ѵǺӰɻ漴ʧʡ
һʱҶɸԭҲǸϵСϢĵط£Ũ˿ȳвջҲȳбʲô
ѣ㡣
ͻȻϥҶɣļһ


149 
Ҷɸڴϣ׼ϢΪ֮ˣҪ˯ߣֻҶԼɳЩ
ûãյ˲ԭĴ̾ʹԼķ߳
˿̵ĲԭȻҶɵķſڵȺֻһأƺ£ʵԭѣΪһصӡ
ԭҶ˳һˣҶɽķУӻͳһöͷƣϡ
Ҷһһɫϵƣħµֵơ
룬Ѳħ֪Լ٣ϴħŵĶԹǵĳ˽Ϊ˵ˣԼôһСֵ֮һħ׷ɱԼ
ԿųֻԭóƣԾڸԼӰµġ
ħҪɱңҲδȻѵЩڣԭʵ
Ҷһ˿裬ͷ֮˲ټԭ鲻Ҳ㲻֮òСġ
ѣˣֻ壬һɢޣʲôħţ뿪ݣֻҪѣʲôֵáԭ󷽵ЦЦ
ԣҶɵЩ˼ˣԭΪ˶Դ̹ԼЩˡ
ҵħҲʲҲ֪ħΪλ׷ɱҶҡҡͷħ׷ɱ£ȻųҲûҪͽա
ˣˣħôɱҶˣǺӰԣֻһԭҡͷҲһɻ
ҶɽƹȥɣͷҸطˣⶫǻʲô
ԭ˵ͷҶ˵ҲǣȷϺҲûʲôˣˣصԼķȥˡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̺󣬱㿪ʼͬʱҲ˾裬ڷʲô⡣
С˽ܵ飬һɸأŨ֮⣬ȡϲ֮
泯ϪСȪν
峿һƳУҶɻ˫Ŀӭųתһ죬Ŵ
һҵջ⴫һҶҲһ⳾֣ҲȻ֮ľ
Ҷɴӿջ߳ջǰĿյϣһһŮһУǽȻɢһɹҩ㡣
ҩҵģȻ͸ùңС͵컹ҡĵ۵Сϣɬŭݡ
ŮҲǿץУһ˿һҲ֣ȻǳĴ꾹ȻЩļ󣬿ҶһЦ
ŮһԼ˼֣ŮһִţӦƾʲô˵ľģ񵽵ģҵģߣ
겻ģҧһǽдŮжͣһûץȣȻǵڵϡ
еڵϣȻ¶һصҩҶɿϸ˫ĿɵĹԲ
ڵϵİҩȻѲݣ
ͨѲݣ⣬ĳ˵Ҳӽʣ˵СƮε˵һ˿ᣬܷŹġ
ԼķѹȻ󣬻ʹԼʵΪľһЩʱ䣬ķԶ֮ͬˣң᲻ϵǿ
Ҷǰȥ껹˵λ֮ɷңԸһʯ
һʯ꾪һ˵
ŮҲǾĿҶɡ
Ҷһ죬ôƭλСӣҲȷʵЩ
ӶֻǷˣǾҶɳļ۸񣬶ǣ֪Ҷ˵ʯһʲô
ˣֶǴϣֻɱ֮ʯҲûʲôôҺϻһЩȫˡ˵ŻҶȡһڴװһЩȥġ
꣬ǳ죬Ŀɿڴţǿһڴ֪һʲСĿ
˵˰ڡЩӵĵ
ƾʲôҵġŮ˵
㻹ûǰɣһ۵
Ҷһͷ󣬲ˣЩһһ룬Ҫˣ𣿡
ŮͬʱЩ⣬룬˶ҲˣתһʹӦˣȥֻǰλҪˡ
ãɽͬĵ
ҶɿһЦݣԼҲ΢΢һЦѲݣռˡ
ЦԶˣõӣ㹻ʳˡ
ȿȿȣ
ԶһϵĿһŹȣƵ˹ŵıӰ˿˲һᡣ
һȣЩˤҶɿˣæǰһѣˣˣԼĸ̶ֳȣԼҲɣϧĸĸδڲδ֪
ļˣ𡣡
һҶɾѵŷ֣Լ˵ֱۣңòһϹӡ
˼˼ңҪȥģǲ㣬ҿһ̵ġҶĵ
ȥȥĵطϹããȻ˵һ䡣
ҶЦЦû뵽
Сӣ޿ɲãӰ޳ɴϹͻȻôһ䣬Ҷɶʱһæɿֱۡ
Ҷ֮⣬ѲϹװƣ
ҪţϹϹˣ˵Ķ֣ϹȻһЦ
˼ң˼ǡҶɲʵ
Сӣǰ̿жⶰһУֻ¶෸ǣ֮ˣֻ¶಻գңϵɷ̫ءϹͻȻ˵
ҶɶȻѣһĻĻһԼеʿҶɵУ¶һȻ


150 ľ
Ϲһ˫Ŀնң˫ֲΡΡǸչΪ͵ӰһʾţѾһλˡ
һλˣҶ˵Ļԣжϼ׼ͲϹ˵ġ
һλˣǵ¸صһʿһֲ֮Ҳһ˽ܣôǵӡ
СǲңΪ˰˼Цеĵ
ҶɵͷѿгɻѾڳԾ߿ԲµԼ뷨ˡ
ү˫۾𣿾Ϊ̫̽࣬Ǵ˼һ磬ܡϹ̾Ϣһ˵
ҶɹĲλߣ֣أΣǴ˼ء
ؽ磬Ͳ֪ԼңǱǷԼֱӾͶˣαһϹǰ̽ûҪ
򵥵˵ԼһڵʿֵöԷˡ
̫ûǸҪ
һ̣ҶɽϹӷԼڵĿջȻСһ裬ȴϹƵϹӵǸˣִҪơ
ҶҲˣϾϹӿɲƭƭȵ
Ҫһż䣬߳Ա̸ԭһȴûмˣ֪ȥȥˣҲȥСķȥˡ
˼ңҶΪƣ̬ǫѷ
˰мǲҪ̫ɱвϹָһ
ҶһɫϹӵģĵұΪУȴ˷ңǲɱ֮Ҳ
Ϲҡ֣Ҷɵļ˵ָɱˣˣаɱģһգ㣬νڤڤ֮УжҲ
Ҷ̧ͷ죬һЦ֮һˮƣЦתΣʿ£ǰߣɱĹ򣬱档
ôҶȷʵѪܵĵϹ˵ǰ㣬ûЩ飬ʵʵڵĸȭͷ磬ԶȹҪ
򴴽Ƶġ
ڵ˰㲻һЩطҲǣΪ֮ɣѡ·ҪȥϹҡͷ̾ϢȻҶһơ
ҶɵҲˬ죬ʹһҲ¹档
̸һЩϹһĳߣȰҶɣҶɵǾԼ뷨˼ұ⡣
Ϲ˵һЩۣò˵пȡ֮Щط⣬ǿٵصģҶɾþһЩӤڵϹ֣δػᶮЩ
л˼ң˵ĻҶμĵġҶɰл
Ϲδģ˵ЩʲôȴûпڣӻͳһöƾɵĻƷһƵĳ飬һͬҶС
Ʒɱһؼʱ̲ܲ𿪣мǣⱾ飬ҸˣҴȥɣҲѧϹţҪߵ˾ͷ
ҶЩģƷϹϽʣˣæƳٵ˼ңôƷôգ˼ҺβԼѰӡ
˼Ҫ²ˣҶɲãⶫ̫ˣӲԸˡ
ˣһ·̤ݣѰһд˲ף㿴Ȼ˾ͷʱ;ƿ𣿻죬߳ջһغˡϹ˵ĺܵȻֹ۵Цš
ҶɲȷǲһʿʣʿصıԪ֮ʱ뾡һа취Ԫ쿹
˼ң˵ģǲ
ʿҲͲٶ룬ңҲ㹻ˣȻûٷԪ鵤ҩһӣҲ͵ͷˡ
ǰߣͻ
ˣˣ˾뿲Сģ񣬺úðգ᲻һ˼˵
Ҷ˸붮˼߳˿ջҶȥģ֪˲˵ģ˵ģ·ܳգۼ͵˾ͷ
ҶɽǻƷУ߬˻ƷͷһȻԼгһգҲһ㣬¶ϣ͵Ƴ顣
ʹƺ󣬳嵽ϣĵľɫǱ۵滺һЩ
һ·οȥЩֻҲ벻һľԭҸ棬ȻҲľҰɡҶɾĿɽһƬģ¸֡
ҶɼԦСϿգһȦ𽥹ƽԽȻһݿȻĻع顣
оƺԼʶһ¥ľҲΪ㣬ĸȹˡ
һжҪ鹦Ϲӣһ˵ҶЩȻʶ֮һ̨ף̫˼ˡ
ˣֲһЩȱǶ˵˴УˡҶ˵
ٴأ˿ջԭڴ˹ˣԭȥû׷ˣ׷Ű
ѣСľɫɻаԭɵ˵һ䡣
ɫˣɽ续ҶĻһ䡣
Ǳ·ɣɽڣɻһ·أƻм·̡ԭ˵
ɽڣںδȻԶҶɲ
ɽڣݶĲɽУǿһɽݲ˴ͷ漷ءԭЦ
Ȼ֪ˣȻˣҲͲ˷ʱˣֱ̰ɡҶ˵
ԭͷһһСۻĸǰòԭСڣʱӭ籩ǣΪĴ󴬡
һĻȻһЩͯǵΧۣ䣬ЩǺʱ򣬵оҶѲݵͯһ˽䣬Ϲ˵泯Ҷɶվš


151 
Сһһҹһ·ϣҶѯһЩȵ顣ƺ
ȾɽڵǲԶҪȣûӽ룬Լ̫Σաԭص˵һ䡣
ԭѷģҲ̫ġҶҲǵ٩һ
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152 ˮ
ΪΪʳһ׳һݵĺӾգʹԻͷޣҲƴһ
ͷԲѪǿսǿޱȣѰԲʿͲһϵģϹԵѪԿɽʯ
һͷԵķۻ룬ͨͨһЩڵĸֶԸЩ֣ҪǶʿǣҲһΣյ顣
׳ӾĿŲԶΪŨܣҪɣճ״߸ӵĲɼˡ
̵ģҪм߽׷׶ˣ⻢ͷԣǸü˵Խ룬ԽԴµļ֡
һЦ޷Ϲ˵⻢ͷһ㶼ǴͬӣǣǴԲ̣ԻͷԱȻǰȥʳԵĻͷԣԪˣδؾûлᡣ۾
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ȥϢǰУ±ӷҶ׼֮ȵǻͷԲ
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153 
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ЩΪԪṩģң»ôһϪʣԪݳ죬Ǹӵ°빦ˡ
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һʯ뵽ǺԶȴխȫ״ģǱһ꿪ġ
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ʯΪʪڽԪҩ˵ǵһ˼ţҶɴС࣬һСǰš
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154 ŭ
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155 
ʲô׻ͷԵŭ𣬾ӺȻɫѿ˵ɫڣѡ
ɽһҡΣƺ˱֮⣬һɹǿϢƺڳӽ
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ҶɷԸʲôСâһವһѳȥſھ޿ڣһȥ
Ҷǳûȡ˽ԪݣС໯Ϊû֮ڡ
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ҶУھλã˻ͷԵһŭϯֲϢŴ˴
ҶɫأִһµһŤ֮۵һûûڵʧ
Ĺһֻԣͷ­绢ֻѪĿɢĻͷԣϯһȷĳ˽
䷢Ԫʧһ䶯֮£ǿĳâһĳɽ
ҶʩչŶݵ֮ԼϤĵطǰС
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໺𣡡
һֻ޴ĺӰɽԶ˿Ҷʧķһԥ漴˹ȥ
ҶɼԦҶۣоۻͷȻ׷֮ĺȻɫһ
ԥȫޱ֮£עҶ֮ϣһҶâһವһʧ˴˴ٶȣǱȲԭʹĻҪЩ
ԼôһٷĹҶڳǰĲ·ڴϲɫһ
ףҶһ˿ɻ漴Ҷ΢΢һ٣оĻͷԣȻû׷ƺǲ߳Եһ㡣
ȻҶȻڴ˳֮󣬱֮ǰԭָɽڷȥ
˴֮ã׼ҸطϢһҶɣȻɫһƬ̣Ԧŷۣĳȥ
һͰɽ֮ϣɫۻ£Ҷɲûȥüͷһ壬˿ɽĳյĵ档
Ĭãԭһĵ棬Ȼˮ㵴ţһӰԵ¸ֶĸߴò
ҶѣȻû£ӰһҶɣ˵˵һ䣬ˣǲԭ
ˣǲԭ֪
ԭѣû±ã˵Ҷ˵һ䡣
ԣԭϲɫһ֮۸Ծȥ
ԭ±ãۣԭҶ΢΢һЦ˵
һԭ˵ͷֱӼԦ˷ۣɽڷȥ
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Ũһʱ·ŵһ£ˣԭû˰ɣɷʲô͵ϮģҶüͷһһ䣬˵ԭҲ㽻鲻ǳûаѽԪݵ˵ȥ
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Ҷѣ˭µ֣ҵûз֣ԵҺ˽ûи롣
֮һᣬ֮󣬲˳ֲڸȴ֪ҶǱؾ֮·Ҷһһ·Աڴ˵ȴˡԭ˵˵һ䡣
ŶѵħŵˣΪû¶ģ֡Ҷɵһ䣬˳˼
˷ҲȷΣգԼﲻ죬壬Եɺ֮£ȴǵõ˽ԪݣҲЩջġ
С̵ļѣҲûüԺҸʺϵĻᣬĻ²ſԡ
˷ħ׷ɱԼʵûɲ¶ģǣҶʵЩ벻Լʲô˵ġ
˵ħԼϳԲûҶζŵģǲŲںԼһСġ
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ãٶоգӳ˸Ի£ЩĬ
ԭǼԦŷۣһ·ۣպڵִɽڵɽţмΡͦεľ޷壬һڰѲӵӰҶɵϣ¶һ֮ɫ


156 ת
˷𣿿˽ܣɽɽŴһλ˸ߣҶԭ˵
쳤ϣ˷ֻǶˣ˽ܣȴĽɽáԭֵ
λ쳤ϣɽɽһλ̲ʹһԱҪ˵Ĳ鿴쳤ϵΪҲǴﵽڡһԹǿ
ҶɶóȻǰ˽ܣϸ̲飬Ƿ˼ϸ쳤ϵǲСŶ˵ΪǼϸ쳤ҲûʲôµģּĨɱˡ
ȴǲ׷Žȥˣ쳤ƽʱٳţڴ˴عأǲ취̵ôʵڸоԲԼ˵Ҳû취ԼϵԴ
Ҷɶһۣ쳤΢΢һЦĽٺ٣ϷӴ˶ˣһΪԲ
ɢ޵ɽѰһİɣϷ˵Ҳǣ쳤һ΢ЦĿŶˡ
ԣҶüͷһ壬쳤ϣΣֻҪǲƻɽŹأΪɽڳӦûʲôɣ
һûԸĻҲټˣҸУ켣һңˡ
ҶɵĻԭɫһ߲ˣ֪쳤ϷǵŭٺһЦ
ٺ٣ЩҲˣϻ˵ȻҪɽڣϷҪ˽ǵϢ쳤Цһգ˵˵һ䡣
ԭ޳ǸһɢޡԭԼ˵һ飬һ˼ҲһۣӴȡһСľС
ǰǶΪ׼֮Σϣ㶼¡ԭˣѹ
Ŷ쳤˿ûбܻ֮⣬ľУһϸһȻɫһ¶һּ֮ɫ
ǰ˵޻ԹҲã͸ǰõϣмֱǱԭһ䡣
ԣ쳤񣬲δ΢˼Ƭ̣˶һۡ
ʲô·쳤ϳҶһ
˵ԼˣǵĲ׷ħͷһ£ɱͬţκһҲܵġ
˵ԼˣɽڣɲúŪģûʲô͵ô쳤ϻΪԼ
λѣһɢޣͬ޳ǸҶɲ֪λشʱ򣬲ԭ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ쳤˫ĿһУŶ棿ǿɲҪƭϷ򣬷Ļ
ǰµȷ޳ǸɢޣԭѽʶꡣҶ˳ˮ۵˵
쳤üͷһ壬˫ĿҶɣһ̣ɫһĵߣϷ򵱺ͯ𣿿ڣȻ¡
Ȼˣضļϸ㲻ǣϷҲ㲻á˵Ż쳤ɫһƾҪ֡
״ԭɫһ䣬ҶҲһ㶣ˣ½ҲǶ࣬Ψһİ취ǸϿߡ
쳤ϣҵѣĪҪ˺ʱɽɽ£һ࿡ʵ꣬ɽڷû˿ı顣
ԣ쳤϶һͣҶͬʱԶȥ
㣿ѣҶЩȵ˵ǵħץߣһͬеҶͬһѨգͬı췴һ£ǵõ˵Լһɢޡ
ҶΪҲڵģתһ룬ƺʶ쳤ϣⲻҶЩ
ѣλǲԭѰɣмġû쳤ϣ˴к
״쳤һ֣û˵Щʲô
ѡ˶٣ԭѵݣֻһɢްٺ١
ǰ΢΢һЦǸĵʵڲ˼ˣΪһЩ뿪ɽڣҶκ˶û˵ݵġ
ⲢӰǵĽģ˵أѣǼǵãҶɵնɱ˴ĺɵģȻ徭֪һЩϢ
ȻʲôݣϾҵʶһģֻҪѻǵҵȣȻǵġҶɻشһ䡣
ˣѣǰӦҪŰɣ˵˵
ԭһ·Ϊ£ɢ޼ѳ£֪ɺãҶһ䡣
Ǻǣһӣ˷ҲЩ飬ģڣ˿˳ͨġЦⰻȻ
ʱеһĻĻ˲겻ѡ
ȿȣľӴзԸȥһ棬УУԪҲзԸҪȥһˡ쳤˵꣬һ˿ɫ


157 ʽ
Ҷɶ˽ɽţԶ쳤΢΢̾Ϣһ漴ȴЩ֮⡣
ߣԪ͵㶼ҪװʲôߣҪʲô־Ҳ֪Ԫϣʲôìܡ
ҲûҪĻϷĻģǰǰ߸ϣڣٺ٣ȴ֮˰ɡ
ϾţʵҲǿľӴϼ俴أֻҪϵͷô׳ԽϷҲǳ£ٺ٣ǲҪ佻ĺá
ˣӦҲûʲô⣬ҲЩģȻȥʲô飬ҲϷûϵģٺ١˵꣬쳤΢΢һЦ

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һϢΪƳӦڵΪһ˳ϣ㣬רſһЩҪŵʿǵĸȡ
Ŷԭеıʶˣ˵ݵӦûʲôģĻҲץһȥģһΪǵ
ڸǶҲԣԲȻѾߵԲһҲڿʲôˡ
Ϣգһ˸ǷƣԼŵĹصȣһŸǡ˵˵
ٺ٣ǱлǰˡԭЦǺǵ˵
лңˣˣһỹЩ飬˴ȥס飬Ҳ޷㵭˵һ䡣
ãѣԭѣϢһҴ飬ȥǡ˵ŻǴż߳˴

ɽԵһ㽨סŵĶһЩһЩΪŵĵӣһҡ
ĳ侲ڣҶɣԭУƺʲô
˷ʶٺ٣Ҳ˳ԭ˵
ҸоԲҸĻʹɽڣҲ֮ģѵ㣬ֻǶЩ쳤˰ˡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ţ˵ҲǣˣҲ֪ѣɽھʲôݣӣȻЩ򵥵ġԭ
ԣҶɸҪ𻰣ȴ
ԭˣһ⴫˽
ԭӦһһһλŻ۵꣬˽˿ˣޱȡ˼
λʦܣӽǾɽʽĵˣƣװԼɽڵŹע
⼸ȽЩҪգһǣϤһɽڵĻ˵漴ݸ˼
⣬װǱԭ˿еһ䡣
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㣬ҲɴԼģȻʱһЩ£ʲôҪʱǱҪͳһķװģһЩأǿûмصġ
ŶǱлλʦˣҶɵ˵˽һЩת뿪˾ҡ

ɽڣĳ侲ڣľӴһľ֮ϣ棬ޱĶš
ҲԹԪˣҲʵ֮٣ΪˣԪȥ˴ϵݣӴ˱չزκˡ
ҪܹԭԪϣҲ˵ģңŸ׼ĽԪÿζܾĻڶǰǽˡ
ң츳ǴнףҲûпܵģ񣬰ľӴ̾Ϣһ˵˵
ԣüͷһ壬ϣģٽŵԼ׵ģǰ£Ҳˡ
˷һһ£ɽŵģħź֮ڣһɢնɱɢޣȴǰɽڡ
ʲô˰ɽڣʲôʱ飿˵Ϸǲ֪ңҲ˭ɱ˺ɵġľЩϲ˵
ɺڿֵպգмܵУԭȣʹ˵ģ˵Ǻɲ֪ι䣬ľΪˡ
˵նɱ֮ˣȻɽڣⲻľ¶һ˿ϲɫܹնɱɣʵȻףǺú˵ɽڽڴ˶һŵġ
ϵȻ֪ǶҲǽģպñǵһץȥˣǡʶŴǽġͷ
Ŷд£˵˷֮У㣬ټˣɽڻܹǼģ˵꣬ľӴ˫ĿһУһ˼֮ɫ


158 
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ɽܻһЩȺһӰڰƺѲʲô
ɽ֮ϣһŵĶ¥ΧӰŹؽգɽ֮һׯϵؽ
˽ī֮ɫȥͨҲʲôƲȴǲƣſڲԶһƬð˿˿ˮأˮڣɢһǿϢ·ʲôֲĶС
˵أɽڣ
һɫν̤ɽƺʲô
ʦܣɽڵĵղŴҲˣ⼸գͨȥĵطҶһΡ
ǼأƽʱǧҪɽŹɭϣһ鷳ճġһ˵˵һ䣬
ˣȻҶԭˡ
⼸Ҳ鷳ʦˣˣʱȿ֪ҵȿɷ룿ſʲô涨ԭ˵һ䡣
Ŷ⵹ûʲôֻҪڣǿԲμӵģŶЩ飬ٸġ΢΢һЦĴ𵽡
ԭ˼ĵ˵ͷ
Ǻǣȴŵڶ࣬ؿ϶һЩҲһ㣬˵Ϊ˶࣬ԣԵӵҪȷʵࡣ
£ʲôʱƽȫԶСһ䣬ӵӵĶռ仹Ǻܴġ
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ˣҲûȥˣʣһЩ˽ģʱһȻ֪ġ˵һ䡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˼ԦɽȥҶתɲǣȴǲĿ˿ĳգüͷ΢΢һ塣
ãȫʧڴ˵֮ҶǰǴգȻ䲨һһʵӰ
һŻۣĸݵһɢ߽׵Ϣ俴˿Сʱķ򣬲ɵüһ
Ҳ֪ʲô·ϾȻӶˣĵӣ˵Щӵɢޣرܹš
һ㶼ɼóԲӣξȻСģ߽ףҪ¡󡣡˵꣬һģ

ĳ侲ڣҶ˿һ̸ӡ
λʦܣǲϰסҲпٶģɽڰڵĵӣֻҪĳ򣬰ʱʯԵٶǴͻᱻ˽֮أƽﲻ˴š˿ˣ˵˵һ䡣
ŶҲãȻ˵ĻǶȥ⼸Ϥ˽һ¡ҶƷһ裬˵
ҲãȲˣϢɣգٴɽڸߡ˵꣬ȥ
֮ˣƽҲϢҲ޷ǴϢˣڶһ磬Ҷɶ˱ɽڹ³һõĵԼٶ
ŶİɣֲΪϷ򻹲ʶģ˵ɣҪһ뷢׵ߣҶɶˡ
֪ǰɷϸ˵һ£ɽڣЩطǲ˽ġҶʵ
ԣüͷһ壬ðɣϷͼ򵥸ǽһ£ɽڶɳõĴ·Ϊ
һ߽ףҲһЩڣǸʳڵӣܹסһڡ
පǴڣȻҲһСڣපСʿСʿ
žѡѡɣҪʲôĶˣͬ𶴸Ҳźûֵ֮ģŨ̶Ҳǲһ
ٺ٣ԣѡ񡣲Ҫ̫äĿˡ˵꣬ЦеĿˣ
Ҷɶˣһ˼֮ɫ󣬾öһȻã۸ʵ˵ɽھסһⱻ˶ʼɵġ
ǰǾѡɣѡҲиӦҶɶ˵
ˣǰѡһϳ˵Ķ鷳ǰˡԭ˵Żһ
һͷҶ̾ϢһȨ취ΪԼıȡһЩ˽ɣ
ˣԭһѪóһƤͼᣬԼһɫ͵ԭǰ
ԣԭǴҶɡ


159 ѡ
Ҷбһɨǻ忴ȥͨͨƤͼ֮ϣȦȦıעһЩЩطʾһЩ
ԭѪڻ֮ʱǱɫĻ壬Ȼɢһİĺâʱ˰ɫ
ţƤͼ֮ϣԭոյһѪǴ򵱼һģʾ˲ԭ֡
ˣ黷壬ǴĽԿףû߽ףҲѴġͼᣬ彻˲ԭ
һҶɣ΢΢һЦҪʲôĶ
ǰ˵һЩͺáҶɲǺ֮ˣҲûʲôô˵ԭҲûסãϾԼҲò̫ʱ䣬ʱȻҪһġ
Ŷģûˣ类ռˣƬԵһġߺȻ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶüͷһԭɫҲǲ̫ÿӣΪҶûôĹϵܲߵġ
״üͷһ壬Ƥͼᶪڶǰʯ̨֮ϡ
ΪϷΪ㲻ɣͼԼߣһ˿֮ɫ
һ˼˽ŽɵͼᣬȻڲԭѡǴ򸽽ĶӻǱռˡ
ף⸽һɫעĵطûʾӦǿŵİɣҶɺȻüͷһ˵
Ȼ߻һ֣һδˣұǵļۣЩôǲˣҶ˵뵽
ԣɨһۣһƲǴļ۸񣬽һģһЩһļ۸Ҫߣǻּ۸񣿡
ʲôһļ۸񻹸ߣΪΣҶЩƵӡ
һеĵҪܸʯҲˣŨ̶ȣ൱Ũܣԭ˸ոĶҲɣȻöӦòѡ㰺۸İɣ
ԣҶһǵδأȻǸˣ۸̫ףҲǲܽܵġ
һǧʯ붼Ļش
ʲôһǧʯҶһֵ˵һ䣬˵Щ׼û뵽ߣǲԭݲʮʯѡס꣬һˡ
ôܲ˰ɣһ˿м
һҲˣȻȻЩôȻˣǾ˵
ˡҶɵ˵
ԣһ㶣µĴһҶɣ΢еĵɲǿЦģÿٽɰķá
Ժ㻻߼ʣµʯһɲˣˣʡ
Ҷû˵ֱóһߡ
˿еĴһЦãǰɣһѪ˵껰ٴóһ黷壬ͼ͵Ҷǰ
ҲûԥʲôҶԭǰ꣬лɫͼϣʾ֡
״΢΢һЦͷʵСҲռ˱ˣ˵ʵ⴦֪˵ǣֻϧһֱˡ
Ϊоڼ˸߼Ķһ꣬ǾˣҲСٺ١
ŶǻҪлǰˣûʲô£ǾȥˡҶɶ˵
Ӧһţתȥ
ƾŻָ˺ܿ˵ͼʾǴǲԭĶڲԴ룬Ҷɱһͬȥһۡ
һƬ羰ɽ֮Ҷɶ˵ӰˣŨһ¶һЦݡ
ٺ٣ɽڹȻ⴦ؼ֮󣬾ռˡԭп˵ûһʵܣȻǲеģɢ˵ɣԴ޷ȡ
Ƚȥɣôţ滷ҲӦòġҶЦԭ˵ͷ
弤֮󣬶ʦһһɰȻ֪ǧŨ˶١
ܴ󣬲ǧǰֻһ䣬ǷֳܶʮϴССĵ䣬չصȶֵ䣬ֱһס豸ȫ
һᣬҶɱȥԭûйȥϤһԼĶ
ûãһͷ帽ҶԼĶſڣһ˸߼ۣ֪﾿ʲôͬ
˵껰л壬˵һʯӦ򿪣ŨܵɢҶϲɫһ
ţüͷһ
˵ܹоȷǱȲԭǿôһЩȴǼޣѵĶͷͺԼһǧʯһ£ⲻҶЩѪĳ嶯
ˣȽȥ˵˵ʲôͬġҶЩҰο˵Ÿӵ飬Ŷȥ


160 
һʯڣмһʯ̨ʯ̨һشػ治ʯҵ¶ҲǲͣӣӦһ
ʱʯŴһɫӰò㣬Ƥ׾ü䣬͸¶һ˿֮ɫвʱ˸žâԴһ˿ɣ֮⡣
ˣҶɣ
ʮʯת飬Ҳûʲĵط˵ŨȣȷǱȲԭҪǿһЩļ۸񣬵ȷǻ
һҶɵ⣬ⶴ֮ڣŵҩ԰ңƷӶ˾סĵطֱ㵽
ɽڣ˵۸񲻵ͣǲ£СҲˡ֮ǰңҶɱǽС˳ȥ
Ͼ佫Ǽö֮󣬻δգҲȽϰ԰õı˵Ĵˡ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷת뿪˵һṦҶɵӰһյʯڣ˵żţھͱ
ǶƽչĵطֻǸղҶɼ˴յģż鿴ʯңûϸۿʲô
νϸӦ֮£ȴǸоһɵĲһʯǽϴϸһҶɷ֣ʯϾȻһƺһʯһ㡣
Ҷʯڸһƣ˿δüͷһ֮£ȫϽâ
ءһ죡
װΣҶɻĿ˿ޱ仯ʯڣɵ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
һҶó壬֮󣬻һâʯǷ·ʯһɨȥ
˵һ
ǽڷһͳţһʯŻ𣬸պǵʯš
Ȼףδ䣬ҶɸоһɼŨƺΪˮԼϣҶ˫һ
ϲɫһҶһĽҡ
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ϸһҶɷȻһϸĶףЩǴӴ˴ððġ
ۣҶɾһ
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ֱֶǿģһͱ˽ʡʱ䣬һЩƿҲһЩɹļʣôֱʤ
ٺ٣ֲ㰺ģȻֵ˵ŻҶ¶֮ɫƺʲôæʯŹرգʯڵûȫ
ҶĴȻһǽ֮ϣһߴСĹĻʾһ棬һͰɽ壬ܾɫ̡
ףǣǰĳϸ۲һᣬҶɷ֣ȷԼǰľͶӰһʾ˴˼ʯҵĹĻ֮ϡ
ٺ٣⵹Ƿ㲻٣չأҲԼ᲻֪ˡҶɵ°ͣ΢Ц˵
˴˿̣ҶԽԼһǧʯĲԩ˵ﲻ֪˵ǣҲԼϵɶѡ
˫ĿһУ¶һ֮ɫ
˵Ũǲû˴ţ˵ĻǿԳƿġ
ϾԼ֮ǰʳԪлѲݣŽԪԼԽĶؼʹһŽԪҲԳһ
ԽԽǼ˶Ҷ׼úõϢգȻʼƿ˫ĿһյĴ
պҶɺȻüͷһ壬ƺӦʲôһ㣬Ȼ˫ĿһĿʯƬĻֻԼǰվӰ˵Щ˵ʲ
һӣԼǰȱȻһһüĿЦţҶɸеǣĻȻҲԴĳ
㿴һƬԺҵˣٺ١ӱȻż򣬳˵
ԣͷһЦеʦѦʦߵԺôٲģʱ򣬿ɱư
ʦܣģʦҽ϶ģʱȥһϼĶˡЦе˵һ˷ܵӡ
Ǳлʦˣٺ٣ϼǺðڶ棬Žǰġİ˵һ䡣
˵ΪԲڵΪҶɿŻ棬Ŷ˵Ľ̸ɵüͷһ塣
΢˼Ƭ̣һҡ
⣬˵Цţֻöʯһ֨һҶɵΣ˳ޱĿˡ
λҶǰʲô£Ҷɵһ䡣
Ҷ֮󣬶Ҳǲ˵Цһ֣֮ɫӴһҶɣ΢΢һ֡
ιģ⴦ˣϿߣĻҲʦ֣ÿߣ˵껰һ˿⣬ЦĿҶɡ


161 Ѧ
ߣǺǣ֪λк̣˵ѵǲ֪Ҳˣ˼䶴ڼǰͱˡҶЦ˵
ϻкãʦҪ㻹ʶ㣬Ļ͸ɫЦ
ԣҶɫ΢䣬ƺλʦּ״⣬ĵȷյ塣
ҶɲǵĶ֣룬֮ͬ䣬ﾹȻ˽Դ򶷣ⲻҶЩɻ
ǺǣλҪ֣ѵŹ𣿡ҶЦ˵
Ź棬Ǹ߶µģ˵Ҳ㣬ȷŹ棬Ǵڴɸʮ£ѵһ£ûġ
Ȼ֮ǻѵ㣬ȥߣֱλΪֹһ˵
ԣҶ˫ĿһУ°ɣŶԭֻҪˣûʲô顣
ҲΪ㣬֪˺Ӧ֪ô˰ɣʱһֱûпڵʦ֣ҶȰ
˫һҶƵ˵Ǹ˵أ޷óǶλںλ˵Ҳڴɸʮµġ
۸˵ģ˵ֵ̫أŲҶҲͷģԼĵط£Ҳǰ״һѵԺָ˵ġ
ôĿãȻͱҲˡ˵껰ǰϴŭȴûмڶ֣ϾԼҶɵһС磬ת׿˿ʦ֡
ৡһ
Ҷȴûп̫࣬°âһѾƸ˵ĺһȭ
˵ӦҶɶԺһȭͬɳ㱻ɣصһ˦Զĵϣǹһ˿Ѫɫס
һȭҶ˵ûȫҲôܵһЩƣǲָܻõˡ
ʲô㾹ȻҶ֣ʦɫһ䣬ϴɷ˵
ʦ֣ҪұģһҪúýѵСһվλƵʦۺԹ֮ɫ˵
Ҷɵ˫֣΢Цڣǻ붯𣿡
ʦ˫ֽ߬߬ȭͷɫòϣԼƨǰǲ֣»ᶪӡ
ǰҶԼȷԼ׿ģӮ˻˵Ҳˣ˵ᱻЦʲôġ
һ˼ʦֺȻһЦɫһĵҲû㶯ֵģΪ㲻䣬ѦʦԴµġ
ѵҵֿѦʦֵ˼ģԲźȰһߴһڣġ
ŶһߴڵģȻ˵Ҳ䣬ǾҼʶһλʦֵֶΡ˵ŻҶ°âһʦֳȥ״ʦɫһ䣬ƸϿ㵽һߡ

Ҳ֪˶ãչʯڣҶһ֮ϣ˫Ŀҵʯţһ˼֮ɫ
ǰ򶷣ҶɺĻ˶ˣҽ˶ŪһЩƣڣչسƿȴǱǸ֣ҶɲƵġ
߶ˣҶɵ侲յ˴ûнź֮£Լײܱչصģ˵ͱ˭š
˵С໹չѣԼǱűչˣΪһ
һţҶ˫ĿһյĲ˼
һ죬Ҳû鷳Ҷ˼ţλҲӲӦòʲôˡ
Ҷɾȥԭ￴˳һ
˶ҶɹرʯţҪ뿪˴Ȼüͷһ壬Զһƿ֮һɫɽվӰŴ˴
Ҷʶλʦ֣Լƣһһ꣬Żۣò㣬ۺ֮ɫ
˸һ£ɽʦֱһݶ֮ɫָҶɵѦʦ֣˲ӣ˵ⶴģ˭Ҳûá
״ӸҪ伸䣬ǿüͷһһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ㣿û뵽㾹Ȼɽڣٺ٣
ԣʦֶ΢΢һ㶣ҶһУҶʶڶУҶǰǿꡣҶһˣ֮⣬䵱вԼ˼
ŶҲû뵽⴦Ѿ£ѵǻʲô飿ҶȻû̫⣬˵˵һ䡣
ٺ٣ҽѦɣģϼ嶴ס֮أ˸߼Ž˳ȥ
ʦһֱΪҳ٣ԣ׼⴦͸ġӲ˵·ǰ֮£ֻһ΢飬֮ɡ
ҶһЦҡͷŶԭѦʦ֣˴ǽʯģҪʦʧˡ
ԣʦֶ˸ҪŭѦ΢΢ü漴һЦǺǣʦܿˣ˷ǰҲǺġ
һұ͸ʦܵģϾѾӦҲΪѣ˶ʯʦܲһЩˡ
ǺǣѦʦ֣ûʲô£ҾһˡҶɾǲپҲἸˣ׼ȥ
˵ȳѦܲס¶һ˿ŭݡ
ߣȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣҲʦ۸ˡ˵ŻѦһԲǿϢͷŶҶɸоԼأҲǲµӡ
ЩţضЩǿͨͬħǰħԴǹԼ޷ֵСڱչء
ΣҲܰѶóȥġ
ˢһ
Ѧһ䣬ǿǰɫɽٴμһ֮£ӭ籩ǵСɢĵĺ⡣
н׷Ҷüͷһ˵
ڣҿٸһᡣѦɫĵоԼһ˶ֱ֣ǳ裬ƽЩϵУֻҪԼһ仰֪հ죬ҶɾȻˡ
״ҶҲûж˵ʲô΢΢һವһһ⼤һĺȻΪһɫתһ֮
ʲôתⲻǺɵķѵɱɵˣ㣿ǿɫשѦȻʲôɫ΢˵
ħźɺڿɽѦȶУҲǼϤģһҲ֣֪Էóʲôʲô
Ҷɲûлش𣬶ĿתĶѦףԼȶ֣ҪȵѦԼĶȶ£ȻٳֵĻŴ˵Ҳ̫Լġ
˿̵Ѧһԥ֮ɫԼݣҪô֣־ͱƷԷۼɵıУⲻѦɵҪ֪Ǻֵ֣Լ޷ֵסġ
£ﶼ˳ǲݲճԼŻᱻЦɫһ任֮Ѧɫһ
ȻˣҲͱʦĺˡ˵껰ɫ޽΢΢һһնҶɣ˿ֻ̣ȫ֣ѸܻܶԷ


162 Ѧ
Ѧ񼤷ϯƿ֮Ҷһնȥ
ס֣Ѧѣϣ㲻Ҫ¡ҶɸҪ֮ʣһϮȻ˴˴Ųԭ
״Ѧüͷһ壬жһͣղҶ˫Ŀ΢еĿѦһԲ
ʦ֣ʶѦЩɻ˵
ҽͬţѦʦ֡Ѧ˵˵
ԣѦһ˼û뵽ʦ֣Ϊ飬˵Ļ͸һӣ£ʹա
ϼ嶴ǴӦʦܵģʦ֣㿴ô죿Ѧüͷһ˵
Ŷ类ʦˣϾѾ˳ȥȻѦʦҾͰ嶴øʦܰɣҲҪˡ˵
ʲô壿Ѧ񲻽ɫһʦܶˣһ֮ɫȻ֪Ĳ
Ҷɿ漴˵ʦ֣ʵڲеĻҾͽóҲ޷ġ
ǺǣãȻʦˣҪٶ֣ȷЩСˣʦܣллʦ֡ѦЦһչ˵
ԣʿϽͷһ֮ɫĵлʦ֣ʦԺ󡭡
û˵꣬㱻ִϵлңǿʦܺѦӣ߰Ǎpɣһ˽Կ׸ȥ
ǣ뿪ʿæͷ漴Ѧ񣬶Ѧۿ˿Ҷ֮󣬱뼸˳ɽƿȥ
״Ҷ˿ʦ֣˷ǶлˣĻֳָε鷳ġ
Ǻǣˣˣ˼䶴ңʦӦÿ˰ɣЦǺǵ˵
ʲôﻹңʦܣôҹȥһԭ΢΢һЦ˵Ͼԭ곤ҶɣҲʦˣһƺѣҲȻʲô
ãλʦ룡ҶЦ˽˶תһȦԭҪÿʯҹһȦʱȴ˵һ飬˲ԭ¡
ʦܣ˷ǰҪǸһϢȿڼʦҴǰȥμӵģΪ˽ðЩգֵõģ֪ǶλǷǰȥ˿ˣ˵˵
ԣҶɵ˵ͷʦ֣ʵԭˣԭʹȥһģʦͬУȻˡ
ҵ֮ǰɢޣȵõһЩö˵ͿԻȡԪģֻҪŪţȽӦûʲôġԭ˵
ˣһ£ѵҪŽԪҶʳеɻ
Ǻǣ⵹ǲһģ֮ҲһЩݺֻ֮ƾһŽԪ׵ģȻЩǱƳģŪš
ʹŽԪĻ˭һȥƴϾɹ̫ͣҽʧ֮´ξͱҪӱýԪſԡ˵˵
ŶȻĹأǺǣлʦѡҶüһ˵ţʿԼһʧܣ¾ҪѰøĽԪˡ
ˣʦ֣˵ڣ˵õԪ֪Ƿʵԭһ䡣
ţɽڵˣõԪġˣȻǶǰȥĻǶҲҪЩ׼
ǹƲĻȵĽƣһ֮䣬᳹ɶ򿪵ģʱ򣬼ݸһЩţɢʿǰμӵġ
ǰǰҪЩֶβźãҲȻȥˣ˷ǰҪǸЩġ
ˣǶˣȥšظȥѡһЩͨ˵߽ͨǿţһЩڵĹҲǲġ˵
Ŷлʦˡԭһ֣ص˵
ٺ٣Ҳˣʲô£ȥϽңǡ˵߾ߣתߵ˶ſڡ
Ȼһ٣תˣʦܣǶˣòҪȥѦ񣬴ɽڣһЩӰġ
ԣҶüͷһ壬ЩɻݣģҶɵŶѵҲλϵĺ˻״ӣΪҲԲ˵ʲҲһ㣬ﲻӵĵزɣ
üЦʣɽҲһЩλģܴΪɽڲȱʵĵӡ
ѦһݣǣҶδ󼰵ĵزһЩڳϻǵӣҲֻ̾˵꣬ϣ¶һ֮ɫ
ʲô֪˵棬ѦһݾǣҶɻһ䣬ԭҲǲԵӡ
Ѧĵڶݣǡҩʦһ֣ص˵Ҷˣûʲô̫ķӦֻϵıЩŹ֡
ԭԣһݣʲôҩʦܴͣﵽҩʦĵزǴ̥￪ʼϰ֮ɣ
ٺ٣ҾͲˣԭʦܣ֮治УЩ˶һʦֻͨҪһȥһЩ򵥵󷨡
Щˣ֮ȴʹˣͬѦһ㣬ֱԳΪһʱڣԴԪ۷ҩʦͻС磬ﵽƷҩʦͨ˶ʮҲδشﵽ
пܣɽԺġ𵤸󡯣ύйҲΪ𵤸һˣΪ𵤸ϡ
˵˻˵Щ磬ȴǳΪҹϵˣҲûʲôϡģҪ֪ǽ𵤸ϣҲƷҩʦ
ңϻǸսãһžƷѣѸߣﵽ۷Ѿûʲôϣˡ
ѦȻǳΪɽڵϣɽڵţҲǼΪģԣԺҪǵˣǣ˵꣬ת뿪˴˼䶴
ҶѦӣǽˣ˵챻ΧѦպ鷳ݵ˶ϣԺӣ϶ù
뵽ԭüͷһ壬ЩصӣҶɵɫԽӹŹ


163 ն
ϼ嶴ڣԭҶɶʲô
ʦܣҵΪһףȥҲûʲôչ磬ȥظѡһЩſһЩʵġԭɫһ˵ȻڼɵѦ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷȻ޷ƿͨȷбҪԼ˶սڹϵȷǺܳԿ
˵߾û뿪֮󣬲һṦ򣬱ɽڵظΪûдﵽҪֻڶѡڣſϵ㡣
ƣصĳϲ鿴֮󣬱ǲᡣ
ظ㣬һľذڷţһµĸӣڷһööеͭʯƬȼصĹ
Ҷɾֱߵ棬һ¾ɵľܳǰһЩС֣ݼأɽһЩͨĶǺ¼ġ
¾ľһ࣬һֻľһ̬ӵӰϣ˫ַӣȥЩ˯ʵӡ
ÿֻѡһֹ֮ǼǣЩͻſѡڶ˵꣬ǲ
ԣҶɶӦһǸѡ
̩ɽƣ
ȭ
ң
Ų񹦣
Ҷɿһ廨ŵĹÿһͨСԼǾָܹģЩٳɵ˵󣬵ȴǿԿʩչ
мִֻͨҪҩģ޴Ѱȥչǹȥˡ
ٺ٣ʦܣôˣѾѡˣ貨ʺңҵˮԹʩչСġԭҶɵǰ΢Ц˵
ŶһûѡãٿҶɴһ䡣
ԭһ˷ܵĵ˵ͷ磬ͨ붼Ҫ룬򲻵УԼҲǳǮ
ڲԭ¼ʱҶɺȻת˿ߣһ䡣
ǰ֪ڣɽڿʲôͨħŵħԴǹطҶһ䡣
ԣĸԭ˵Ǽǣ漴ЩһЦôĹûģɢޣ¸Щİɣ
ԣҶüͷһ壬ҪڣȴһĵĪ˵㣬ڳɫĵӣҲܵõط
նɽ֮ǿ󹦷ħŵħԴǹڣǲǿŵģǵڣҲһᴫڸ㣬ٺ١
ŶлǰˡЩҶ̾Ϣһѡͨ
Ҫ˵ǿĹͨҲûСҶɲ˵ʱߺȻôһ䡣
ŶԣҶжһ٣ЩɻĿߡ
ٺ٣ľ֮ϣǸǣָָ¾ɵľܣ󣬽Ŀһ۵С¶Ϸ֮ɫ
ʲôҶɽŽɵǰľܳ¾ɲ˵˵кõĹ棬ģ˵ⶼǹʱһЩˡ
öҶһԥʶһŵĲ鿴
ɽնʮλεĴ֣ҶɵԺ֮С
ֵǺܰͲ֪ɽǺҶһ䣬˫ĿЩڴ֮ɫ
״΢΢һЦɽ棬ɽڿʦƾ˵ȹһ˽սΪݵһˡ
˺Ŵɽڣʱɽ죬Ҳݵܹ֮󼰣ħ£޷ǿ⡣
ֻϧɽһδ飬նҲܹɹԣɽҲڵѾƽ޷ѹǡ
ǰЩ꣬һСݣȻһԪӤϹϷһ򣬳Ǭ¡
Ǭţ˴ԣǬпܳΪڶɽһĴڣΪͳһݵĴȻɽ滹ڣǵļƻǲʵֵġ
ʲôд£Ҷԣһ˿⹦ǲСҶɸоǬҲһ򵥵Ľɫ
ãҾͿնкѴΪǧ궼һܹɵģ˵ŻҶɱǲ鿴
Ҳ֪˶ãԭûдţҲĿҲһۣҶɺȻ˫Ŀһüͷ΢΢һ塣
״΢΢̾Ϣһɵҡҡͷ
Ҷɲ鿴˵ȹܵȷǿޱȣͬ׹ԣֱͲһε
Щ鷳˹ǰڱڴ¾ղ²֮壬֮Ҫʩչնǻ
ǰյ˵һʺһЩģѾںһ飬Ҫȫ˵ںϣʩչһιУԲܹģͬˮһ㡣
ˣ򾳽䣬֮һΪȥս嶼ữΪҽֱǰԵ쳣Ҳֲһ˲ҳԡ
ðԵĹѹһ˲ԸΣ̫󣬶ңںϣǸġҶɶ˵ȴǲۼһâƺһ˿ڴ֮⡣
ԣ˫Ŀɢȥָֻ֮ǰ޾ɵӣ˵вͨɽҲڶɫĵӣ˵ȹ֮ϣҲͲᳫˡ
ǰϷҲôһ˵ΪС룬㻹ǿɣѡϷҲ͵ںһ㣬Ҳɽһ֮塣
ԭ˵ĶԻҲ˴ţҶʦܣ֮ǿʲô츳ñںϵģʡ
ǵһʣɽ棬ҲҲˣҵ޷·
Ҷʲȴ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫնҾѡоһ¡


164 
ϼ嶴ڣҶһ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢Уаһö¶һ˼֮ɫ
Դ뿪ظҶɾһֱ˼ն飬˹û֮壬ȷֻ֮޷ںϣһԷ
Ҷ˵û֮壬ȴδؾͲնġ
ΪҶɵǧڣоڤɻ꽣ʱ֮нһþռ䣬ͨ֮ԺбǶ˲Ԫֹ
˵ûʲôȴǿԽһЩͬԵĹںϣӵ󣬵õòϣûȵȴ˴á
ԪնҲǲ֮¡
뵽ҶɲһһգԺеĲԪ˹ͬһӡԺ֮УµʱҶɱῴһ˲Ҳѡ
ºҶɱ˫ĿһһĨ⡣
Ԫ˵һֹ˵һּɸΪʣԪصںϸķԼȻȻļջеġ
ҪѧϰһЩַҪһЩ飬΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷֻһ죬ǰһӡ
ಣͷ­С弤һΪ淭Ļ֮ɫһΪ̲֮ɫˮݵԡ
ҶһԲ򻺻ӽմһ֮ʱǷ֮ˮֽȻͬԵ廥ãʱâ貵ɶԷʱⰵһṦ򣬱صһ߽ǻΪޡ
״ҶҡҡͷȻ޷ںϵģҲգҾʹ˲Ԫ׻Ч
˵껰ҶٴδˮԵ壬漴ڷһת΢΢һ㡣
˵һâһʢ΢΢һ֮£һ۶ȥ
һӴǷžžݵı֮ȴûϨļˮâ˸âš
״Ҷһ֮ɫ˫ǰһ
һ֮嵱غ֮һ֮࣬ǣˮ֮ûϨļ󣬻ˮзԽԽʢˮˮתͣ·Ҳ˼֡
ɲǼ򵥵һãʵʵڵˮڣȻڵҶɣûܹȫںԣҲʵ׶Ρ
Ҷɽȫںϵһɲǣֻصһ죬ұŴĿԲɢγһɹѹ
״Ҷһǹ⼷ѹ΢΢֮󣬱ɢʯٴλָ˰
״ҶһЦ򲻴ɼһʱģҶٴʩչˮ壬
ʮպҶɶ֮ϣ΢Цгһɢֹϼ壬ܲʱһɸ£ʱһ˿ʪ֮⡣
תһˮ棬ϸȥ֮ڣһЩϸ΢Ļ磬֮һεɫӨˮ顣
״ҶһӣವһеɣȻһײʯ֮ϡ
صһ졣
ʯ֮ϣǷĸʴ֮Լһɹ˼ɢȥʯ֮ϣǳһ̫۵İݣǿӿݡ
ʲôȻܹƻںϣǲͬ죬ʮŻһ֣Ҳʯ֮ϵĺۼҶЩȵ˵
ںϻգҲ޷һ̶ȣֻϧˮûʲôǿĹĻȥ֮ġ
뵽Ҷȡһö˫Ŀһգʼоն
ҶŹԭҲûţʱһֱûҹҶɣСȻѡ
ºҶ˫Ŀһ󣬱üͷһ塣
Ҫҩ︨չһЩҩˣ֮ǰȽ˵ɡ˵ŻҶɱ뿪ң߳˶
˶ܣҶ˿һƽأһ֮󣬱
죬Ҷ壬ҹ䣬׽ʱҶɲûʲôоֻǰյһ㹦ת
ֱ֮߰һ峿ҶɲŸоһɹů֮⣬һӣҶɷ֣һſŵɫĹ㣬Ƥ֮ӿڣ˵֮УһҲ۳С
ҹ䣬¸߿գҶɸоһ䣬һſ͵İɫ㣬͸Ҷɵڣգ۵˵һˣΪһСİɫ㡣
һףһɫ㣬ڵңңӦƺﻯΪһС㣬Ź㣬ȻȻΪ¶
˵²Ҳֻɢ΢ĹϼʱһãԭСĹ㣬ǻΪţ۰СԲɢĹΣԽյͨ
Ҷɶ֮⣬ûûҹţ֮ţȫ֮С

ɽڽ𵤸һ䵤֮ڣһ꣬ɫصĿŵػһͮͮĴ󶦣洫һɹŨҩ㡣
ӣƺʲôҩ꣬Ѧ
һԣվһ׷ߣüһź룬о˸һڴ֮ɫĿ꣬ʱɫ󶦣һۿȥЩ¾ɣȴǲΪȻӣۺ롣
һṦѦüһֳŴ󶦷һصһһɣʮӲӵԲҩһɶһĳ˶ǰһ˾һҩ㣬ɢ
״Ѧƺ˿΢ЦĿ˿Եİ׷ߡ
ɹѾܸߣҪӽļλʦˣò˶ãͿԴﵽƷ۷ˡ͵˵
лʦ֮࣬ġѦǫ˵һ䡣
ԣ߹һЦҡͷǫ飬ʹ˵ĳɼú֮ﵽƷҩʦͿԵõԪĵ
ٺ٣Ǹʱ򣬼ԼҲƽԪˣԼʹãԻȡһЩ棬ٺ٣еĺôҲӦ֪ġ˵꣬Ѧɫһ˫Ŀһе¶ڴ֮ɫ


165 𵤸
Ҷɾظѡ깦֮󣬵Ѿµʱ䣬ڼ˲ϰԪ
񣬵֮ڵȭͷСӵɫ𽥻Ϊ˽ɫǴɫ𽥻Ϊɫ
һһɫҶɵĵƯţһɵС棬𽥵ſռ䡣
һ̣Ҷ˫Ŀһ֮΢΢̾Ϣһ
ϵҩ֮Ǻнչˡ˵껰Ҷɱ˼⼸ޣҶɸоԺ󽫻ԽԽֻѰƵҩˡ
Ҷҵԭһк֮󣬱Ƕ뿪ɽڣСȻûϣ֮£Ҷֻýֹȫ򿪡
˷ҶɿǳֵĸоɽڵĺôߵһЩ鷳ֻҪɽڵƣǼ᲻ٵ鷳
һ˸ǳأʲô鷳ҶҲöֱ֣ɽڵӵݣһ˽µʱ䣬չҪĲϡ
صɽڶ֮ҶֻϢһǼҴҵ뿪˶

𵤸ڣһӶһľ֮ϣеƷ裬ȥɫ󣬾ʮӡ
ܣһʯȣʯһصʯţʯ֮ڣǽ𵤸ĵר֮á
һṦƺоʲôæվΣǰʯ֮ϣһҵҵӡ
ʱһͷϴһźİ׷ߣһʯһڴ֮ɫĻͷ˿漴ʯ
ϣӹһ˵
ԣİ˰֣Ȼȥɣʱ䣬ϸҪһʱ俴ѦƷҩʦٺ١
״ԥʰ˶뿪˴˼ΪϵԸ̫˽⣬Ϊ˲СڣȫӣѦ񣬸Ǹ˼Ѫ
Ͽ˿Ѧڵʯţһ֮ɫдһ˿⣬·ѦĳɹԼĳɾͻҪҪһ㡣
˼֮ʣſڴӰһһ꣬Ȼ΢һǻ
״ֻ΢ɨһۣǲᣬ۶ûһ¡
ʦ壬ǰϰ֮˵ҵȿԽĵԼϣָ˵˵
ԣ¶һ˿֮ɫüͷ壬۾ѦʯңʵϰԪƷҩϷȸ㣬ʧܵĲҪʯ⸶
ɹģһЩҩȻҲԽҩߣһҪʯ
ԣ΢΢һЦȻ֪ʧܵĲϣȼ⸶ʯģ˷ϰһƷҩԪ
ţĲɵӦһ
ʲôһƷţ¶Ȼ֮ɫ״λͷ˴꣬Щɻ֮⡣
ᣬȻҪϰһƷҩĪѾﵽԪҩʦ۷壿СӣԽʧʼߣĵļ۸񣬿ɲģҪˡüͷһʵ漴ϻָĵĮ֮ɫ
ʦ壬ѾȷˣȴϰһƷҩ국Ļش
ԣǿ˿Ѧڵʯң漴һһƬϼһǰʯϳһֻһö
ȻִϰһƷҩϷҲֹʧҲҪʯ⳥жʮһƷҩ鵤Ĳϡ
öϰԼһЩ飬ȥԼоɡ˵껰ϱǲ
ԣüͷһ壬λʦ壬˵ҵָģѵҪԼƣָ㣿
״¶һ˿֮ɫзһߡмĵջָ㣬ղУӱϷˡ
ԴŲϽȥŵΪ򿪣ǲԸ⣬Ϳ뿪ˣҪٴ˴Ϸ򡣡˵꣬ɫһ塣
ߵ굹һ㶣ƺԼϢ̫һ΢˼Ƭ̣һҧ˲ϣûѦԱߵŵȥ
߽ŵ֮ڣرʯ֮һߵߣ˵̬ɴ£ȣֱ̫Զ
Խ˷Ѳϲ˵ҿжʯߣˣǵȴϢɡ˵껰߱ǲ
һºѦڵĶŵ޶ڵŵѱԺ
ڼ䣬ϰ֮ĵӣһöԴİ취Щ˴򷢵˲ǶȥϰˣҲмϤĵӣһ˵ֱӵͷߣûԼϰ
Цûָ㣬ʧʴߣЩȫԼ⸶ʯɵӲŻԼоǰЩʱѾѧϰĲ֮ˣŻ
ʱ߽ǵһʯʯһһӴͷɥ˳ǰһʯʣµĲϣԼʯϣҲûᣬƾǵȥ
ڼ½߳˼ӣǽһʯ⸶ʣϣǿɬȥҲֻһˣǿɹһΣ鵤һ£ӻˣû⸶ʯǰȻȥˡ
ֹ߰յʱ䣬ĿĳϣȻ˫Ŀһţŵʯһ
Ѧĵ˫Ŀһգ
ϴЩŹ֮ɫģһУʯǰʣϷ£Լû漴óֻƿʯϡ
ʦ壬ӴϰƷҩʦЩϣԼ⼸ƿƳĳƷ鵤֪ɹϵʧãӻδ䣬˫ĿȻһһƾâضǰꡣ
㣬˭ĵӣʲô֣֮ǰȷʵֻԪ۷ҩʦ磿ĪҪƭϷ򣡡ϲ鿴ƿе鵤¶һ֮ɫȴһ˿ɲģһϲ


166 Ʒҩʦ
Щı飬һ˰꼸⣬˫Ŀźߡ
ԣЩ֮ɫʦ壬ʦɢޣʦֽܣհɽ£
ҩʦļ֮ǰ˵ĵȷʵңʦΪ˵ѵıҪ˵꣬üͷһ塣
꣬Ҷɡ
ҪġƷҩҪƳɹҶɾͱ뽫ˮƽߵƷ޷Ƶġ
Ҳˣ𵤸ϰ֮ԭ𵤸ʱ򣬾˵ָ㣬û뵽֮ͷ̬ȣⲻҶЩЩˣ𵤸ûдԵǰá
ûʦ𣿲£ѵܣ߿߶ʲôһᣬ˫ĿžĿҶɡ
ϷƷҩ֮ԼϣԷ飬ʧˣϷҲԲ⸶ʯϷҪԽȥۿſɡ˵˵
ԣҶһ㶣漴ͷЦʦָ㣬ȻԸģл
Ⱥ£ҶȻܾȡһЩĽҶɣóһöһƷҩ֮
պҶɲĲʱ˳ŵ֮ڣҶǿһͨͨĴ󶦣ʯ̨ĵػ֮ϻת
ϣһЩֲ꣬ɫصĹעҶɣдһ˿ɻʵڲţֻƾһµʱ䣬˽̵֮£Ҷܹ֮֮졣
˵ǰҶǷֻԪ۷壬ƾƷҩʦ۹⣬һۿڵҶɣȷֻһƷ۷嶼Ǵﲻ
ʶϲûдҶɽָ㣬㿴Ҷɣ츳ΣܷƾԼһڽƷϾһʱ̡ܶ
Ҫ֪俴ҶǴﵽһƷҩʦҲԳƵ츳ѵˣ츳Ѿ޽ӽѦ񣬵ѦԪ۷壬ƷҩʦҲһʱ䣬Ȼ˵Ļûʮ꣬붼顣
һ£һ߹۲ַҶɣҶɴʱѽʮ϶˴֮УŵػС
ڶգҶɽҺ壬׼ɵʱֻһ󣬡ءһ촫
״ҶЩɬҡҡͷϵĵҩͨԪǰ㣬ʧˣҲǵҪƷ½߳ɫ򲻺ñý
ҩһʧܣ鵤֮ʱ鲻ȣֲϳų⣬ҩըѶɽһƬճ׳ơը¯
Ҷɴ˷ƣȻը¯ˣ䲢û٣ľ飬Ⲣʲô˵£ڳԼΰˡ
һ߽вɾһ߿żҩɽУҶɼ˿ûܵǰʧܵӰ졣
״΢΢˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷ
ҶɵһƵǲûΪʧܶӰ񣬻Ǽ㣬ֻôҲҶʲô֮
ۿַƻ飬ԼһЩҩԵ˽⣬ȣͨͨⲻĳЩɻҶɾǷҩʦ츳
գڣٴδը¯Ҷɲ꣬ƣڼһֱĬüͷ΢塣
߰չһ¯ҩҲûƳɹը¯гģһ˿ʧ֮ɫ
츳Ǻܶ࣬Ҫ֪ڶαǳɹƳһ¯Ʒҩģ˵ʧʲͣĶȲãһ¯Ʋ˵꣬΢΢ҡҡͷ
΢˼Ƭ̣૵ȥɣҲ֪ûгɹƷҩʦ˵껰ߴʯţתȥ
ءһ죬ٴδը¯߸ߵſڣֻûһ壬ͷûص뿪˵ʯŻرա
ߵı֣ûӹҶɵĸ֪䲢û˵Щʲô˵ۣҶɲںֻŸϿƷҩʦȻƳüնͨϾȻʣһʱ䣬ҶܲżġһͨҲͶһЩĻᡣ
ҶԼҲ֣ԼƵҩҩȻƹ˵˶żͻɹƳһ¯ҩʧܣʱٴγɹ
ҶǲȻջƹ˵ҶƺûƿԣҪôȫᣬѧϰкѳɹƳҩһɹƳһ¯֮ʧʽС
պ෴˼ǰںͺڣһֱгɹʧܵľ֮ȲɹʣҶȴǰڼûгɹʣڵĳɹʣȴǸߵˡ
˦˦ͷҶɲ˼ר˵ҩһ֮ɫĶǺͮͮĴ󶦣ȫע

𵤸ڣ϶ľ֮ϣƺҶɵĴڣ˫Ŀ΢Уһڴ֮ĶѦڵĶŵ
ٺ٣γƷҩʦˣɽϷԼҩʦܣеĴˣò˼꣬¶ᳬԽϷġ΢Ц˵
Ƭ̺һĿ
һºѦڵ¡¡ʯſ֮ϺȻ˫Ŀһ˹ȥƬ̺󣬱Щʧ
ҶڵŵҶޱ飬ų״üͷһ壬ɹȻǲܣӦǷˡ
ĵ׻һ˿棬˵Σʶ˿ҶɣɷɹƳһ¯Ʒҩ
ԣҶ΢΢˵ͷʦĻӳɹڰ˳ϣƳĳƷʦĿǷвϵʧá
˵ŻҶɷһֻװŲϵĴһöԼֻƿ
ʲôôܣ˵Ż߼æƿ鿴ȷǸƳõƷҩ˵˷˲ٲϣЩҩļֵԶԶЩ֮ϡ
ˣȫˣɽֳһƷҩĵԼ֮ϲһ£ΣϷڵơ
ϷҪġ˵ŻϽжٴóһԼһöҶɣԭûʲôϣٴ¶Цݣо˸ѡ
̬ȣҶҲЩݸųϽԼĶüͷһ壬ֵҩһָֻã߽ʹãеֲ꣬۸Ǽ
ƺҶɵ뷨ϹһЦģЩȫ˷ʧˣҲ⳥ߣȥơ񵤡˵껰¶һȲ֮ɫ
Ҷ˫ĿһУȴҡҡͷЩǸĵʦ壬Բˣڲѧϰ֮ˣǣԱϣҶɷ¶תȥ
Ҷɵһ㶣ţɫһ䣬¶һ˿ɻ󣬼æڵСӣվס


167 Ѧ
ЩŭĽסԼҶɲ΢΢һ㶣üͷһתɻĿųϡ
ĪǵƳĵҩ⸶ãҶЩɲ˵ȴżȥץƳüն
Ҷɵʻһڡ
ߣϷ򽫲Ѹʹãȴ˵߾ߣɽڣ֪ж˵Ϸȥָ㡣˵꣬һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ԣһ˿ɻѵʦǽ𵤸ĳϣ⿴ؽ𵤸ģͷƺݲͨԱ
ߣϷڴ˲Щ飬ֵԱ˶ѣǷתˣٺ١ϼҶɵı飬Լ¶֮ɫǰûҶ͸¶Լݣһ˵Щġ
Ҷ΢˼Ƭ̣üͷһ壬ЦŶԭǳϣǸûѧϰ֮˼˵ָ㣬ǰѾڵ̹ˣлϡ
ԣϲ¶֮ɫǰڵڶҶɵʧȷûָʲôԼҲȻߣֲҶЩ˵ӡ
ΪϷûָ㣬ѧϰϷǰ֮˵ǸСӣҲʵ̫嶯
ΪС¶ֱŤԼǰ;ʵֵϾ˵Ҷһ㶵Ļ
һ˼ҶɫһϾ˼ǽ𵤸ϣ˶Լ˵ʵǸӣԼȷΪѧϰȼԼżʵ
ϣˣӲûж룬֮ԲѧϰΪȼżʵԲ㼱Żȥġ
֮Ժл˵ɣ֮ǰӲ˶СҶ˵˵һ֮ɫ
״һȻ֮ɫҶɵ˼һʵڲķһǿҵ
ӣ˶ڵûʲôȤһĶǷ֮ϣҪú䵤ҪЩֶΡ
Ƭ̣ϺȻ˫ĿһУ¶һصЦݡ
ٺ٣СӣżʵҲûʲôҪ֪ʵһЩ⹦벻ҩĸ
繺ҩ۸񰺹󣬶ңЩҩһܹõԼƵҩʵڡ
ڣûŽԪٴŬҲ޲֪ԽԪǽԪĵȤ˵꣬¶һЦݡ
ʲôԪҶɫһЩɲ˵
Ī˵ңκһµʿġϣԪ۸񰺹󣬵޴ѰѴã˷ȣҵһЩʺϵĶȡԪġҶüͷһ˵ȴǼתͷ˼ƺҪ˵ʲôԪйص顣
ٺ٣ԪȷԸ㵽֣ǼϰܹﵽƷҩʦľ磬Եõ𵤸ĽԪĵһһٵ˵
ʲôԪĵϣ⣬Ӧòô򵥰ɣҶЩɲ˵ȴЩ
ٺ٣¶ڱ˵һ֮ҲﲻǼһЩ벻ҪͿˣ˵꣬˫Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫƺǿʲôһ㣬˸ž⡣
ҶԥܹõԪĵԼͿƽԪǲϳ㣬һЩֱ
ҶЩţ˼򵥾ͿԵõԪĵл᲻ʲôĹ涨ʲôǰĺá
ϣֻҪﵽƷҩʦͿԵõûһЩԼʱ涨ĶҪ֮кѧϰ֪֮ɷ񣿡Ҷʵ
ߣȼʲô˲ȥˣŶˣ㻹ǹԹԵѧϰѧϰĺãûƣڲͬ⣬ҲʧȥᣬԼҪɫһ˵
⣡ҶЩò⣬֮УԼȥģ˵һΣգһвСջ񣬶ҾõûвϣҲ޷ƽԪģʯ²ôĲϣȥȣ϶õһЩģҲܻȡһЩϡ
Ȼ㲻ͬ⣬ǺðɣϷҲǿ߰ɣЩܹݵ˵ҲҪߣһվš
ðɣȻ˵ӾȡһᣬܷڶʱڴﵽƷҩʦľ磬ϣƷҩĲϣԼ֮óɣȲһ¡Ҷüͷһ˵
ǰҶɾԲܴԼƶϣƷҩʦľ磬Ӧò֮еġ
ԣ¶Ц⣬ıóѵЦݣͬʱĵҲ˿һڱԼ£ˡ
ãЩȥ˷Ϸ򽫻ָ㡣˵껰ϽǰĶٴ˳
Ҷǿʼ鿴صƷҩ֮ʱһĹȥҲżĵȴš
պҶɷųϵӲϣͿʼϣɱ֮ǰԼ
ģϷ򲻻ƭģ߰ɡϸҶŵҶһ˽ȥ
ڳϸҪȥʱ򣬶ŵʯţȻһâ״ϲɫһ
ҶɵСӣƣϷ˵껰ǽҶڵʯŹ
ͬʱʯŻ򿪣һ۵꣬Щƣ֮ɫ˳еȴһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ˣѦ
ʦ𣬵ڴﵽƷҩʦľ硣˵˵漴˿ϣǸоЩĲɵӣƺûԼԤеǰ㾪ϲⲻѦЩɻ


168 ħŵĵ
ŶڴﵽƷҩʦ𣿺ãܺãҪŬĪҪ׷ϣƷҩĵԼϣȥһ£Ϊʦָһ΢Ц˵
˵꣬óһöһֻѦ
Ѧԣ΢΢һЦʦģһӱŬᱻߵ׷ϵġ
˵껰ѦƷҩ֮һ˼֮ɫĬ
պѦ֮Ĳ࣬׼ʼת׿ϵı飬üͷһ塣
ѦܸоɫЩ쳣ƺʲô£ԼʧȥĹעأʦ˵ԼҲ޷ϸʡ
ƺоѦ񣬳΢΢һЦǱ㿪ʼưɣ˵ҪǻԼҩ¯ʱ䣬ϸڣƵ˹ؼʱ̣Ϊʦϸ˵
ԣѦ˵ͷʦָ㣬Ʒҩʦֻһʱ⣬Ѧģȿ֮ǰԼﵽƷҩʦĵز
׿Ѧ̧һ㣬һ󶦣ǿʼƵҩһԲʱָһ䣬Ѧ˲·

ŵڣءһ죬ҩը¯Ҷھʮյʱ䣬ʧΡ
⼶ߵĵҩȴǲ֮ǰǰˡ˵껰Ҷ˫Ŀһգϸ˼ʱʧܵԭԼؼ֮ʲôط
˵һʯŴ׹һʯŻ򿪣ϵӰֶо˵ڴ̱ǵĽζü
Сӣʮʱ䣬һζûгɹ𣿡һ䣬˵Ӧ˲ŶԡҶѦ񼸺ͬʱ뵤ѦƵƷҩʱ䶼ǳɹΡ
ԣҶ˫ĿɬһЦسϣ޶ۣȷûгɹ
ţ㿪ʼɣϷ򿴿ʧĵط˵껰Ͻʯһأǲ
ҶǶ˵ŵػ֮ϵĴ󶦣ʱĽһҩУһ֮ɫ
Ҷ붦硣
Ǯ붦֮ʣ轵µػ¶ȣɵҩը¯ļʸ󡣡
ѩƫ󣬸ҩһҩΪҩ̫ŨǼⲿҩһҩ
ϿҶʲôԵĵطϸĵָҶԣǳЩ鲻ƷҩãԺĵżİ
Ҳ֪ǳϵĻãҶ֮ǰʧ̫ܵ࣬ҵţھĵȴУҶڳɹƳһ¯Ʒҩ
ǰɫԲҩŨĵҩϹһЦͷţ˵ķʱһЩǵҩĳɫȷʵͣɡ
˵꣬ҶҲûᱻĵҩǼƺ˵һ¯ɹľ飬ԽԽǸо˳ɹҲԽԽߡ
һº󣬸տʼɫĮĳϣ۾ԲɣͶЩϲ£һ֮ɫ
µʱ䣬ҶɾȻԼƤ£ƿĽƷҩʦǰʧʼֱЩҲ̶ãڵĳɹʣȴǸߵˣʹ֮һƷҩʦҲǺѷɫ
СӣƵҩֱûʲôƿԣһḶֻ́ҪɹһΣͬˮһɽֱеɫ˵ͬԽʲôһ㡣˫ĿŹĿҶɡ
ҶԣҲЩ̫⣬ԼǸоʲôƿ߼ߵͼҩԼ˵࣬һֻ̣Ҫˣɹʽᱩ˿оѵʲôط
˳ϵĻҶҲЩɻʵϣҲЩɻʵڲ֪ͼ͸߼ĵҩѵĲʲôطΪλнһ˵ӸоһĹ̡
ԣһ֣ɫһ˿Σ⻰ˣֱܰѪڳӲô꣬ǿס˵ĳ嶯
ȿȣǸʵڱЩѶȵģţСӻϲ̲˵һ䣬вЩпҶɵһ
ϣȻˣǿ콫ƷҩĲϣԼ֮ӰɡҶЩż˵
ԣϻع񣬼æ˵ͷŴȥ

ݣħڣһߣһӶУվꡣ
һۣĸݣ˵ϣȴǾʮ㣬ֻ۾
ź£ĽʣȴЩ֮ɫꡣ
ڿɳϵչħԴǹˣ꿴˿꣬˵ʵ
ԣһ΢΢˵ͷҳϷģԴӴ֮󣬳ɺҳϰţɳҲĬ
˵ڵħԴǹʩչǰǿᣬȷǴﵽףǲܻʦܣƽӦǲġ˵꣬Ȼ֮ɫ˿һꡣ
ԣ΢΢һЦãɳȥɣץϰаʱ䣬¾ͻ᳹׿ˡ
ǣڿ˵껰һת뿪˴ֻ˽Ļꡣ
ʼգû˵һ仰Ǻڿ˵֮Լƽɹž޲·Լ޹ϵһ㡣
ҿ˿ԶĺڿˣһУߵ˼䣬ԣ˫ĿȻ⣬һ֮ɫϺε¶ϲ
תף˿·Ļ꣬صʵ죬ʱ䣬ħԴǹͨˣ
ԣޱ飬˵ĳϣǰЩʱգĽħԴǹ˵꣬һԲ·˵һ΢顣
ĳϵԣ˫Ŀһ¶һĻȣٺ٣ɽڣΣܸһľϲ⽫ħһϢɱﵣߣԱϣ¶֮ɫ


169 
ɽڽ𵤸ԴҶǰһǰ֮ãδ뿪Ҳ֪䵤ҩƵˡ
һգ𵤸ſڴһͷ˿ſڴ漴һ¶һЦݣдŨŨľϲ֮ɫ
ţüͷһ壬ƺشһ۸ĳգ¶һ˼֮ɫ
һ˼ַ̧ųһηб֮󣬱ųϼ巽ȥˣҶɡ
ûȥҲԭҶɻص֮󣬱ǽңСȻѵĲƺڳ˯֮С
ţҶɱǳԼеĵһ󶦣ȡһЩֲ꣬·ʲôҩ
µʱ䣬Ҷָһ䣬ʮԲĵҩҶǰȡһƿ󣬽еҩʢ
ȻȻƳɹץնɣ֮УҲʣ°ˡ˵껰Ҷʰһת뿪˵
һڶȣüͷһ壬漴¶ϲ֮ɫæȥ
һʯţҶɱ˫ĿһУ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һǿϢˣһˮͰϸɫ̾ţϼֻ۾ɭȻĺâ
Ҷ֮ɫĿϼһ৵һ£ΪһСߣдһ˿֮ɫ
ˣֳԽˡҶɵԺУһϤ
ãҶҲһ֮ɫ˿ɫСߣͷڣѶİǲС
ٺ٣ò˶ãҲҪŬˡ˵꣬Ҷ¶һصЦݡ
ʱСѣͻ˾ۺڣ۳˽ˣ൱߽ףսͲһǿˡ
ˣʲô˵飬˵СԱϣСವһҶɵ֮С
Ҷ΢΢һЦת뿪ңһΪСི
ԭڽ𵤸ڣɹ׵Ʒҩʦǳϳ𾪻𾪣Ѿ֪ôҶɵ츳ˡ
һҶɣڽ𵤸ϰ֮ҶȴǾܾˣż׼֮С
޷Ȱ˵ϵҶɳ⣬ʧȥôһźӣҶһ飬ǴһƷڸ߽ףҲǲӲӡ
ڽԪĵҶȻ׵õˣҲûΪҶɣҲ͸ǵȱ֮á
Ԫ֣С˳Ƴɹ֮нǰҶҪģʵƽԪ˵żֻܷںˡ
ϼ嶴⣬ط󷨹ֻܣҶϥûûҹʱ̷һԭȭͷСĹ𽥵׳

ʲôûŪɽڣľӿǰһĸݵĻӣһ𾪵˵
ԣüͷһ壬ͷϣ˵ûۿȥʹϣû˵ѣҾͲŪġ
ĻľӴüͷһ壬¶ɲ֮ɫ
ʦ˵ƽʱϲ˸棬ںƭǵģȻ츳ȻѦһƷҩʦ
˿Ժɽһ֮ˣٺ٣Ǹ֮ϲľ΢΢һЦ˵
ϣȥǶˣѵ֪д츳ǸͨˣΪβһԲȥǣ˵
ʦ֪ܵģȥ۲ǣ֪츳ǣʵǿ˵ħŵĺɣϵġԣϷӡľɫһ˵
ŶȻʵСҲ̫ˣ˼˵һ䣬˶٣俴һ۴ϣˣ֪ǷҶɣҼʶ˵ʱκ䷢ˡ
ʲôܣ˵ʦûʲôͨϾһڣʶǿޣܻᷢģľǰ𾪸ոշ£ֱĻһ
ԣҡҡͷ˵ҲΪڽ𵤸󸽽ƺַңŪѾ̫ӽˣ
ôᣬСӵʲôתϣ̫֮ǻǲҪڼˣŪɳ׾ľ˼˵һ֮ɫ

ºϦк죬³֣ڶ߽֮ʱϼ嶴⣬ҶڽƹڣɫЩ΢΢ףĺڶͷ£·Щӡ
һṦ䵥һŹֵķܲһһ˿˿޷Ľɫ˿ߣҶɵڣ
˿̣ҶɵڣӤͷ­СĹţȻĴһСУܵĽɫ˿ߣֱ˽ɫ֮С
пתɵ֮ӣƺҲڻΪҺһĸϡ
Ҷзһ䣬˵һŹֱ𱬷Ŀҫ۵Ľɫϼһɹɾ֮ɢ
ţɫҺٱ֮ڣһſŹķֶȥЩصӡ
ҶһͺȣҲ΢΢
ŹҺȫдն룬ԭӤͷ­СĹţȻ۳ţ۰Сĵ״ɢɫϼ֮ɢŹǻתѡ
״Ҷзһգϼһָ
ۡһ³ҶɸоˬͷޱϴůϢʱһ˿֮⣬ȻָоֻҶɵתơ
ٺ٣һڳɹˣҪϰһںϣʩչնˣ˵꣬Ҷ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ


170 Ѧ
ϼ壬Ҷɶڣ
һʯңʯڸֳһɹɽƲտյҶɸУתĿ
ɽڹȻ׼ȫϰնҲ±˷ʲô˵꣬Ҷɱ˫Ŀһգƺڸʲô
䵤ڣһһԪת˿˿֮ɢΧҺķ
һ˺ǲÿҲתһ㡣ؼ֮׳
Ȼʿ֮ٶȽӿ٣Ԫﵽһ̶洢ɣ߽ʿڽһ㡣
Ҫʩչ֮ͨȫҪˣ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˫һ֮ɫ˫ֳǰһһһɫָ⼤
ŴȭͷС֮ɢһŽһâ˸ɽȻͬڰջתѡ
Ҷзһ䣬ŹŻһȥΪҶڻ޷׽ںϣ۳⽣֮壬ⷢܵɡ
ԣҪģϤںֶΣ֮гԣɹ֮󣬾ʩˣһ֮䣬۳һ⽣״ն
ۣһ
ŹŸһӴǷˮ֮ƣһ죬֮䲻ϱһɫϼƻɣַ·ǻųһ㡣
״Ҷ˫ĿһУֳ̧Źңңһ㣡
˵һĿϼһŹһںʱžž֮ҶɵɫҲ֮
ءһҵı촫
һһŴĿϼѶΪһҵ磬ܿȥΧռ䱻𶯵졣
״ҶһǹˢĻ֮ʱֻ˼ǹϼһƺʱѶһ㡣
龰ҶɲЩȻ֮ɫȴǲûл֮⣬һߣⱬĿâҵֵס
벻СС֮ƻҲǶͬʱںϲľ޴ų֮ǵʩչһ֣ӦòǿġҶɵͷ˵
ų֮ƻЧֱӴ߶ؾҶǿ壬ҲҪñ³
ţʹòԪǺںģ˵꣬ҶٴָһಣһһŹָ⼤
ΣҶûֱŹںϣͬʱʩչ˲Ԫõ˽ɫ֮ϣ󣬲ſŹһȥ

ϼ嶴⣬ԭӰ˴˴ԭҶɣ֮е飬ڴ˵ȺС֮ãǲµҶӦڱչأ߲ڶ
һ˼׼ԼĶ
˵һһƿԶһ̤ɽִ˴
ףԭʦǣѵʦڱչزɣԭҪߣüͷһ˵
ԣԭҡҡͷ̫Ҳ˰ɣȥظ󿴿
ˣ˰֣״ԭ΢΢һ㶡
˿ԭ΢΢һЦʦӦڱչأ׼֮УҸմӵظ𵤸Ҳȥ
ٺ٣㻹֪ɣʦܿɽţںö˶ڴԣѦλãѾʦܴˣӦ˵Խ
ʲô˵ѦʦѾﵽƷҩʦľ磬˷չ׼Ʒѵʦ˵꣬ԭһ֮ɫ

𵤸󣬶ŵڣѦǰֻƿһİȻ֮ɫƿװصģ⼸ƳƷҩ
Ѧ츳֮£䱾ŬڽƷҩʦĵزɽڶԣʦϣԼƷҩʦϣԼѾǰĴˡ
ҪǣԼСԺռ仹кܴ󣬶ңҲڿԵõԪĵˡ
˺ɽڵλãһԾ죬˵ǰδ֮ӣҲòԼһӣɽܹƽԪģԼҲ˶ѡ
ٺ٣ɽڣҵȽԪĵ޷ЩΪųƳԪµӣߣûһĺôѦǲЩ鵢еġ˵꣬Ѧһ¶һȻ֮ɫ
ϾﵽƷҩʦܹƽԪˣ˵ǽ㵤˵ˣ㲻ҲҪ㵤ϾѾΪƳԪˣ˷ôһܳ
һ˼Ѧ񽫼ֻƿһգںԪֻΪԼƷҩʦҲܹԼŵĵλ
ѦѾϰ˱ߵͬһ㣬ڵһЩʦ壬ҲײԼ
ʯţѦתȥڣϽϢʦ𣬵õĽʦ߿Լһۡ
𵤸һӣľ֮ϣеƷ裬Ѧ֮߳һ˿ɫ
ףʦȻڣѦȥûϵӰӣЩ֮ɫ˵ӦΪԼŲŶԡ
ԣվڵѦʦ֣ʦ˵飬ʱڿܻز֮ʣｻ㡣
˵ŻóһֻŷľУȻûд򿪹ʧЧҲûǸ˽Դ򿪵ġ
ţѦüӦһӹľ֮󣬴һװһöʶһ鿴ǽԪĵ
ٺ٣ǽԪĵһӵУѦһõɵģʦ뻹Ҫ꣬ܽƷҩʦġѦȻ֮ɫ˵
˵ʦڣԼϾȥ£ңԼʦǰ̫Ʒҩʦˡ
ӿ˿Ѧ񣬺Ȼüͷһ壬Щֹӡ
ʲô˵ٺ٣ԪһƳһһݣѦõ˵
ԣ˫Ŀһһ˼һҧĵ˵ͷѪʦ֣ʵ֮ǰƷҩʦңڴԣѾԽ㡣
ʲôѵʦܣⲻܣ˭лýԪĵ˵꣬ѦϺâһ¶һ˿ŭ⣬˷ܵ飬˲ȵס


171 ܽ׻
ϼ嶴ҶվһʯڣһĽɫιУɢ֮
¶֮ɫǰʯһ˦
ವһٶȿó棬ڹֵ˲䣬ǹбնԶʯ֮ϡ
ءһҵı
ʯ֮ϲһ𣬸ֳһˮķƣһƬĿҫ۵ѤùϼѶɫˣϯȥ
״Ҷɼæһˣһ𣬸ոսӴɫ֮ʱŤ·һ̼Ѷӡ
䷨һߣϼһʢŽǿֲֵסҶɵɫ¶֮⡣
ֻСһУʩչնֲʲôӣ˵꣬Ҷ¶ڴ֮ɫҲǻ˾ϲı顣
ΪڶڣҶûиȫʩչֻʩչһССĹУȻʹҲȥڽ֮һ֮Ҷǣͨƺô
ӣҪ֮ĻĹҲʩչĴζѣ߽ףȹֻȫʩչһΣͲ֪Ҫָ֮ӯҪʱҶһ˼֮ɫ˵
նҲСɣʣµľǿԶ֮ǿںʩչУҶҲǿˣֻٶȲر죬ʣµģҲһȶѡ
֮У£Ȼûʲô£ȳȥתתܷŪԪһЩϣҶ̾Ϣһ˳ϽԼʱ˵һЩ
ݳ˵ԪϼǽԪݣ˵ԼҶɣȴǲ⽫ҶɣϾŵĶ
Ҳ˵ˣ֮УֻҪҶɱסϾҶŪѰϣҶɳغ󣬳ϱ뿪ɽڣʲô𵤸ĵҲǺ֪飬ֻҶƺ뵽ʲô
ϳϻԼһЩͨҩҪԼչģٺ٣ҺԼһԪݵġ˵꣬Ҷɱ뿪ʯң׼ѰҽԪϡ
պҶɵϢһԭ˴һкǽҶɾϻأ鵢飬ǾԼֱȥ˻ϡ
ŷз뿪ɽڡ
Ҷɲ֪ǣɽ˵ѦԼķ䱩סҶѾΪѦжд̰Ĵڣ޲Ͻȥ
ɽڵһЩӣ˽ﶼһЩԣ˵ѦˣѳΪעԩҶͷԺ󶨻ᷢʲôͻ
Ȼ󲿷ˣǻſϷ̬Դ£ѦҲûǰǰˣⲻѦԹҶɣоҶɵĳ֣ԭӦԼһУ˵ڻûʲôѦУȴЩֲ̿

ǣɽһǳأҲ˱ȽϷһЩģһЩ۵ĵطȻ۸ȴ˿
һֵ֮ϣ߰һЩֲ̯Ŀλ̯ĽţɫɫȺ࣬Щǳ֮ˣﹺһЩϣϾǲϻȫһЩ
ֵԵĸɫһңҲ־г۵ĲƷ֣һҩſڣһɫӰ˳Щʧ֮ɫ
ˣǰǰϵǵҶɣ
ԭҪһµ·̣Ҷȴż·ֻ˰µʱ䣬û˵ʱʹ÷ɶ֮֮ʲŻὫзӡ
ǰУҶɽչ˲ٵĽԪϣʯѻ⣬ڶʹ
ǣȻмֲŪ֣ʯмУҶĴ֮̽£Ҳûʲô
һΪѩҩѰ˵ȶժһʱ䣬ήҩᵼƽԪʧӣʶ˸ҳ۴˹Լϱ
ȻֶԪȣǾԲһϵģԪݲƽԪʹ鵤ϣƷϡȱҩǿ˼۸в֮ףҲǽԪ֮һ
ҺнԪݣԭΪЩϻŪ֣û뵽ҲѰһµʱɽھӦҪˡ
ȥɽڸ·İʱ䣬ҲֻʣʮˣҲ֪ܷѰ⼸ˡ˵꣬Ҷ̾Ϣһ
պ󣬵Ҷɴһ߳ʱһŻɫۣü۵ĸҶǰ
ٺ٣λѣ֪빺ʲôϧҩܰﵽ㣡о˸Ҷ˵
ԣҶüͷһ壬һɻĿӡ
״͵ѲҪᣬҼ⼸սǴССҩ̣߱ˣѰʲôѰҩ˵Ĳɣ
һ˼Ҷɵͷѵǣʲô͵̱¶ˣ˵꣬Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿӣôһ黫֮ˡ
ٺ٣λѣΪ̣ҲʲôеģһЩĶпһЩܵ˽˵½гͻֵġ˵꣬¶һصЦݡ
˽˵ܽ׻᣿Ҷɾ׽⼸ۣƺִţ˵һЩ˽ٿܽ׻ᣬŴʿǰȥμӡ
Щһ㶼ҪһЩ治һЩƷֵĲϣ˲ŻȥЩط˽ԼĶ
ȻЩȺ󲿷óĶܶʲôģ͵ҹȻֻ˽˽ףʲô鷳
ЩҶҲֻţûԼʣ»вʮյʱ䣬ҲֻȥˣϾǴС̼Ҳ߱ˣȥǳأȻġ
˿һ黫ӣҶ΢΢һЦòװ׸Ϣɣ˵꣬Ҷ˫ĿһУϾԼҲ̫еĹأҪȴĺá


172 ּ
ٺ٣ʵҲûʲôҽϢѸ㣬ȥȴҪ֧һʯģҲŻ·о˸˵
ԣҶֺֺЦӣ˵ĺϢѸԼҲطһҪЩôһϢá
˵˵ҪʯҶһ䡣
ٺ٣࣬ʯѣӲӲӵ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦ˵֪ûǼҪʯȴҲԩϾһ˿ϣģʯ˵ףԼҲȷʵ㲻ʲô
Ҷ˼ʱӼȻֻǴ·ķã˭ֱóģ׳ɹĻҪٶ֧һǧʯġ
ʲôСӵǲڣҶӣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣӺٺһЦɣʯȡһϣõԼĶڻһǧʯкβɣʧܣҲȡһǧʯġ
ߣ˵ĻҵԼȥ׻飬ö໨ԩǮҶ˵һ䡣
ҲżƵ˵ȻԣҲǿ㣬պ׻ʽʼҪץʱ䣬ĪҪˣ׻ᣬҲ˭֪̣ʧ֮۵׼ٺ١
һ˼ҶҲƽϣ޷Ǿʯ飬ĵõѩٸһǧʯҲ޷
ҶѯһЩˣ󽻸ʯջס£պԼһССʿҶɵҲ±ƭˡ
ȻպҵҶɣ߻ʿӴҶˣȺ侲ңִˡ
⵹ǲǶʧܣҲ׬ȡǧʯһӣ˿ߵˣ˵
ҶҲû뵽һ¾ŪˣΪֻԼģԼ޹أҲû˵ʲô
ٺ٣׬ЩСã춼ҪڸǰˣΪ˱ϸλİȫûн¸ʱ۱գҲҪ˵ԼҪȡʲôҪ˵Լʲôⱻ˸㶢ϡ·ϣӽһ䡣
¸ʲôطüͷһ壬ʳ˵ɻ
ԣ΢΢һЦɣʯҲԩɣҸһĳʶ
һЩᣬԹóʲôΪһЩ̵Լλμ棬һ㲻ᶯֻ֣ٲˣ󱻶ϣʹ򵽺öʱҲߣͱ·ɱ
ҲˣЩʲôöһЩ˵Ķϲ˽˵½׻ᣬΪ˵ȫһЩ
ǽ뽻׻֮ǰ˶ֱһ¸涼һΪλ׼õ۶ңסݣӿ赲ʶĿ̽Ϊ
ֻ˲ܰĽףʹֵܵ棬Ҳֱ治ԷԽԼĶóϣ˻¸ﻻ¡
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Ŷȹ涨⵹һ£µǣǰڵķɱ˶ᱦ飬ٺ٣ڿȻһЩϵҪȫܵЩһ꣬¶ϲɫ˵
ҶԣҲǰͷѣ˿һЩ᲻һ߲óĶпܳ˽ģϾ˵ӰȫһЩֻҪûڵסݵʱ򣬲¶ԼϵĶԼ뻻ȡӦòᷢʲôġ
һˣһ˵Ż֪Уһ俴ֲ̣ͨϷһЩӶͨĻɫ
һݣһΪҪʲôЦǰһӺ󣬱ֹסŲĴкӣȻǴ
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ֻﲢûΣվ̨£ҶɴԵĹһ£ϰ˵ӣȫΪ
ʯ̨֮һʯţʯ̨һǽڣһˮתɫĻƺһţҶɸоһɹɹĲȴǲȷ࿴ۡ
ٺ٣ˣרΪٿĽ׻ᣬ߽׵Ľ׻ᣬǽȥ˼ҲȵطϾĶ˼Ҷǿ۵ġ
ˣֻ͵ҾȴλˣٽȥĻǶ˶ҾɢˣףԸλˣҵԼҪ˵껰ӱ˳¥Ŷ¥ȥ
״˻࿴һۣȺ˹ȥȴķɢϾ˲Ϥ
Ҳ֪˶ãֵȺȻʯ̨֮ʯһ߳Ӱһɫߣ׳
俴˿ˣˣŴҴ󲿷ˣֵּ˽˽׻ᣬҲõٵĺö
ҲһЩˣ⽻׻ĹأԺСŲأÿԿԣ̫ĻϷҲ˵ʲô
ڣҹȡŲơ˵껰һ䣬৵һ£ǰǳһ߼ʴӡ
״̨֮˵УҲû˷ִ磬ɵʯ̨ȥһ߽ǰʯǽֻж˵Ķ˽ȥ
ţȡһֻƴСƣ֮ʯ̨һɫĻǰƼˢһ󺺵ӰûǽϵɫĻ֮С
״Щֲ֣Щеϡ治ѣҶֻ˫Ŀ΢Уƺ˼ʲô
ܿ죬¥Ѿʣ޼ҶҲʯǰպ«ưĽʯ漴óһơ
תɫĻ֮ʱҶһߣеƣϼһҶɰ
һЩϤĸоҶֻܿռһףԺһɵ˫Ŀһգ֮вһ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶֻоһ壬Ժ˲ָѣһ䱸֮ɫ˫Ŀȥɵ΢΢һ㶡
ԼһʯңܹСǽϹһҺɫңپǵмһߴСĻɫԲ̡
ԲҲ֪ǺֲʣʯʯҲһĽɢһ޵Ĳ
ϸȥ滹̻һööķ󷨣ȥ쳣ӣԲܣżۡ
ǣ󣿡Ҷ˵Źֶȴ״ɵЩ漴п˿еƣüͷ΢΢һ塣


173 ׿ʼ
Ҷɿ˿Բ״Ĵٿ˿ǽϹҵһңЩԵӣǵ˵кβ֮Բ鿴Ųϵļء
СʯڣҶʵߣ˿еơ
ӦþŲˣȻŲƵ˴ʱĲƮٷ࣬ϧöŪˡҶɲ𣬴Ӽߵʱĸ͸Լö
΢鿴ŲϵļأҶɱȻ֪˴˴¸ǽǼңǸ׼Ŀ赲ʶ鿴ı
ϵԲ̣Ų󷨣ҲСͼ׵Ĵ󣬼ʱҪʯܵļۣװʯ֮
Ų󷨣˼壬Խ˻˲ŲƵһָĵص⴫ͣһ㶼˫ഫͣ˵ϽҪŲƵԶ룬ǾҪܵĴͷˡ
ǰҶ˵˵󷨣ֻһЩżߴڲаװû뵽ּңҲԿȸ߼
ּҹȻǲһ㣬Ȼֱʣôһ½׻ᣬҲ֪Լʲôطǲּҵ֮ˡ˵껰ҶժǽϵĶϡ
ʱ䣬ҶɢһʵĻɫ˿ʵʶ鿴Ҳᱻһء
ȡʯ˴ܵİڣҶһ̤Բ״ͷ󣬰ռصĴһ۵һû˴ͷ
˵һâһ󴫳һͳҶɵڹϼİ£ģʧ
žһ죬ӯʯȻⰵһͻͻͨʯ飬мѿһѺۣȻڴ͵Ĺкľ
Ҷһѣι󣬺ȻԼһ޴Ĵ֮ڣͷܶ°˵ӡһɫŻҺɫҡ
ҶʶһŸ֮ϯȥȴǺıأ˿鿴֮˵ò
ܲûʲôĲãмһʯΧʯȻԵЩϡ裬ɼʯ֮
ʯ֮һɫƣÿǰһ飬еʾһСֱ֣дһЩϡϣҩ鵤֮ࡣ
һҵӰҶԣһƣָ£ˢһϼһһϡĵ֣ǳϣ·עԼ뻻ȡĶ
״ҶҲһƣע뷨֮һǸֳ˼ҩȴ㲻ʲôϡȱ֮ֻҪǮһЩ̻ǿ򵽵ġ
˿˿Ҷϳֲϵ֣¶һ˿м֮⣬֣Ҳóôֳɫ
Ҷû˵ı飬ϾԼûʲôϡȱ֮ҲģԼĶ֮óҲͽ鷳
ʱҶɷѾһЩڽţҲеּۻۣܣǳһ𵤸߽ףԼʮڵΧܣЩȻּҵˣϲûʲô֮
λٺ٣һöǧ˪ͻĲλɡһɳƵ
ߣںƭϷ򲻳ɣǧ˪ʲôһ
λѣҼһˮȥɺãһŮ
ʲôˮϷþݻȡһȵ
ԶһӰˮæתŴ˴ߣʲôһ麮˪ȡˮ
ˮҪУԶһû˵꣬㱻Ůˡ
˼λѣˮֻ뻻ȡǿģ˵꣬ŮӰ˿ӵӡ
ԣһ꣬ˮĹ֮֮ϵģŮӼ˭Ҳǲ׻ȡġ
뵽˴˲Ľӡ
˼λӣֻȡԪݵģ˵
ԣ˲һ㶣ȻǸɵϣһˮܻȡԪݣһҲȻˡ
˱ضżƽԪζҩģҲ㼱ȵġ
ʱҶɸպת˴Ͼϲͨͨû˹עԼҲУΧž޴Ļת
һ˻ȡԪݣҶҲɫһ˵һԪݣӹöԪԼȴǲҪģҲûʲô
ûͣҶطת˹ȥȻһԶһϺȻд֡ѩ
ƽԪһζҩǳˮʱ伫Ϊݣϴһ֮ϲԼȱٵģҲѩˡ
λѣ֪ѩ뻻ЩʲôϣҶǵֱֳѩƵӰǰŵͳ˵


174 ȡ
Ӱ˿Ҷɣһͳ뻻еıѩһҡһѪɣ
ԣҶɲüͷһ壬ֶҶϸûУҲЩ𾪣⴦˽ֵƷһЩͨƷֵ֮ϡ
Ҳּ֤ҵʵȻĺҲּ֪أı
ѣѩɷʯ򣿻ǻЩ֮ࣿҶüͷһ˵
˼˲ȱٱ˵ŻƣԶȥѰԼ֮
״ҶɸҪȥһȴһӰס˵óһֻɫƿ
ӿ֮漴ȡһֻľУһһ̣ѩ֮ɫľ֮ڡ
˻ཻ˶״Ҷֻҡͷ̾ϢһϾû˼ҪĶҲֻܸɿű˻ߡ
֮£ҶΧžͻת
ѣʲô˼ϷóĶɰһҲɣһϵЩŭ˵һ͵ߡ
λѣ˵Ѿˣңֻȡһƿɰѣ˵ҼֵһЩȴҲǼ޵ġ
ô²Ը⣬㻹Ҫǿлȡɣһ׳˵ûжĵӡ
﷢ִȻΧֻۣǿҪ۶֮ǲᣬֻҪûԼҪĶǶԼʲôϵ
Щ˿ǲ£ңЩû˵˸ּµģҶ˲μûж࿴һۡ
ϷһƿɰټһԻȡ˰ɣֵҵϵġ
߲ԶҶɲɵɫһתŶ˻
ѣ˵ļ۸ʵڹߣֻȱϣҪã£˵껰ֳƣȥ
״Ҷɼ߽֮ǰŵͳ˵ѣ֪λȡ
ԣ߿˿ҶɣҡͷϷԼأǼңὫóġ
˵껰߲ٴҶɣԶȥ
Ԫϣȴʧۣ֮ҶЩֵڱѩ֮ϣѩԼڴ˴óҲʵҶЩ⡣
жʯٺõĲϣ˼ҲҪĻҲԻȡԷԼҪͬ߻׳һ
һ˼ţҶһ߶ȲԶȥ֪УȻתһȦܿϧ֮ΨҶģҲֻѩˡ
ѣȻ㲻ͬҽҾڼϵ룬㿴׳֮ˣ˵
ߣĪ˵һңǰһˮ¶ûдӦ㲻˷ʱˣ˽ԪݣʲôҲỻȡġһɳƵ˵
ԣҶ̾ϢһǰҵӣͶɰûϣǼֵԶ֮ϣ뿴ԼҪһ˾֮⡣
ȻҶɫһס˫Ŀâһ૵Ԫݣң
˵껰ҶƺЩ֮ɫȻǰλµи취ôҸȡġ
ԣ׳һҶƣһ˵ߣǼֶóˡ
Ҷû׳ɳ˵һ䡣֪кΰ취Ǹȡģ
΢΢һЦҶɿڵаԪݣȴֻܻȡѩһ
ԣɳüŶѩǰ˻һ꣬ûпϵûУ֪ܷ񻻵ģҲġ
ٺ٣֪ûǣλѣȴǿеġҶɿ˿׳΢΢һЦ˵
ԣ׳ĪԼһ˼һ˫һĵԶԶԣԣλԵȡ
˵Ż󺺱ԶȥһṦ򣬽͵ߴ˹
ͷǰ˵ʵʵ漴ת׿˿ߡ
ԣߵ˵ͷô뻻ˣǰ˵ֻȡͬ⣬Ϸ򲻽һݵġ
Ѻ⣡ɳӿ˿ҶɣȡһƴСɫڵĽӷأƺʱ϶עһЩ
󺺿һߣһЦĵ㽫ɰɣҪҡ
˵껰ȡһɫʯϣ˵ô£ܻԼҪ֮Ҳûд̫ࡣ
Ƕɰݣٺ٣ǣ߽һֻУԼһֻƿ֮󣬱Զȥ
󺺽һ飬ǽƿ𣬽нҶɡ
ӹУҶɴһһֻīɫֲ֮꣬Увһˣڵõһϡ
һ䣬৵һ£ҶкȻ˰Ԫݣݽ˿󺺣Ŷ˹˹֮Ҷɱת뿪
ýԪݣɵĽɳе֣ɵһЦ֮ԽƷ
ת˼ȦҶɷûʲôԼҪĶȺƺҲǰǰ֣һЩΧּҵ߽ףƺʲô
״ҶЩӣȺ˹ȥ


175 
ϣһͶ
һСͶͿԣϣϿͻˣɷڼ۸ϱ˵㣿
ϣϷҪһһҸ㼸Ҫ󣡡
ҶߵȺ֮䣬ȻΧּһλߣʲôҶɲЩɻѵЩˣҪڴ˴ȥɣ
ѣЩ˹򶴸Ҫڴ˵Ҷɿ˿һӰһ䡣
ʲôĪǵһּҲɣ֪ʲôطһЩɻʵ΢һ˿֮⡣
ԣҶҲû⣬ȷʵǵһǰÿɷһһֱо˵ؿռЩ죬ﲻͬЩ˵
ŶȻٺ٣Ҿ͸򵥵˵˵˵ֿռ䣬˵һ͵Ŀռ飬Ƴֿռ䱦
ǰڵ¸Ҳǻ׶֮Сֿռ䶴౦ҲΪ
ֳޣҩǵһİĵطԽųԼߣҲһЩ󷨽ơ
ٺ٣ֻļ۸񣬿ǲͣһʿҲܹһС͵İˣܹͶ
ЩʵˣֱӶƶҩֱӦоСǵӰϲĸҶɽֱҶɾȲѣֿռԼͷһ˵
һṦһЩ½һЩеֱӼŲƣֱ뿪˴˴
Ҷվڴ˴ûжã˵ʣһ֮ʱԻÿ˿Ҷɣ漴΢΢һЦ
ٺ٣СѣʲôرҪɣ϶Ҷ˵
ԣҶɵ˵ͷϣҪһ䶴׼ȷ˵ǡ

ּſڣ½½ӿʮˣУһɫӰſں󣬻ͷ˿΢΢һЦ̤ߡ
պ󣬰ɫӰһҩſ߳Ǵһ˿Ц⣬Ƭ̣Ƿųһηзϣɽڷȥ
ˣҶɣ
·ϣҶһ߿ŷзһߵڣֻѩһζҩԤˣشȻʱӦҲŪˡ
ѩˮԴһ㶼ǰԤ֮£ҶҲֻһҩ̣Ԥһѩ
һ뵽ּҵҶɲһ·֮ʣ佫зһգʹ˷ɶ֮ɽڷȥ
ȥ·ϣҶƺܲң˺üݹ⣬֮£Ҷֻʵʵʹ÷зС
ҲǵһЩʱ䣬ȵҶɸϻȥʱɽѾɽȺϾҪӡ
ľӴϣԼճ϶ˣɽʮڵӣһװ
ûǾȳɡѵΪһ˵ţһӰһ˿֮ɫ˵˵
ԣԭɫһҪ˵Щʲô
ѦʦܣҲȴ϶Ҫģֻһʱˣϣ˶ԹҪӵ档һһǰ˵꣬ɫ˵һ䡣
Ǻǣʦֿˣڵ֮裬ɽ֮ңʦҸ˻ġѦȻһЦ˵
ϣˣ˵꣬ǲ
˿ʱ䣬üͷһ壬ϣǻ𣿡
ԣľӸҪڣȴ˫ĿһУԶȥһṦһƿ֮Զһ꣬ԦһзȺ
ʦܻˡ
ʲôǸ츳Ƶˣ
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ԣ¶һ˿Ц⣬΢΢˵ͷˣȻ˻ˣҲɣзǳ۸·
˵껰̧һ˦һâһĺȻڰջΪһʮɴСɫۡ
˷м䴬ռ˸ŵâǰװ崦һɫ׵Ӱһֳֳǹվ
棬һīɫϼʱֳһööƣһɹɽƲ
ս
ʲôս
̫ˣȻһս
һ˷ܡȵ
ұţϿȥ׼˵껰ľһưս֮ڡ
ҶɿսЩȻ֮ɫû뵽һֻзѣȴǸԼһɼΣյĸо洫ǹѹȻԼен׷ҪһЩ
ЩһӰҶϸȥƺ࣬ʶһӰһɨ˵һӰһϼҶɵʶ˻
ʦܣղһʦ˵ϲˣĻʱ򡣡ҶЩɻʱ򣬲ԭҶɵԣ΢Ц˵
޷Ҹ߹ʦܣϲͬУԼȥҲһģˣҲȥҲȥɡ˿ˣ˵һ䡣
˵ŻҶԾսҲ½½ĵ˴ϡ
վȣֻò΢΢һϼ˸ͣһ󣬱ˢһԶȥ
״Ҷɲɵ˫ĿһУٶ֮죬Ȼǧ׷Լ֮ʱĶ֮ϣԵľģĵ
ףȻҶɿ˿ԶװϵһӰһ˿ɻ֮ɫ


176 Ϯ
Ӱ棬˿ϢҲûʲôѹѵֻǰ費ɣҶɿ˿װһӰ˵һ䡣
ԣԭҲעãɻѵǴ˵еĿܣ
ЩȷǿܣûмʱûκβģϾΪƵıܣϢ˵ɻ˵˵һ䡣
Ŷܣ󣬿йɣ֪߿ܵܣж󣿡ҶȻ֮ɫĴǰνĿܣ״μȶǰݣδ
ԣ΢΢һЦλʦܣɱСĹֶΣƲϲͬͬܵҲǲͬġ
ֻÿһ߿ܼ󣬶൱һԲʵϣϾܺηǼӲҵȼ˺ġ
䣬˲ɫһ䣬մ˵һ߿ܣͬʱԸԲʿҲûʲô⡣
˼Ҵһȭ˼һȭǼ൱ȭͷ˺˼ңȿܱʵҶЩĶԼҲһ߿ܣһԵ֮ʱ൱ںüһ
ʦ֣֪ܣںδг۵ĵطҶЩڴʵԭҲϸš
ǾͱˣڻѸ㵽֣֪ݲû˻ƿܣǶĹһݲų΢Ц˵
һ򣿡ԭЩɻ˵һ䣬ҶҲǲĿ
Ҳգ£Ҿ͸ǽ֪һЩţȻܶ඼ڣһЩ˵ġҶɺͲԭ˽
ݴţ˷磬ֶķ򣬶ɽڣϽ֮ڡ
κһַΪǾʹԴḻĴݣҲһݸ
ǵСطֻĩβ򣬲ԴѷһӴϣһʿҲȽϲϡԳΪ̫ߵߡ
˵繲ĴյأΪԨúǧ¡ϾɽĴյزǿҰиֲƣԼһЩΣ߽ףһҲ롣
Ҷɵǰǧ֮أǲΧˣĴţǴܵأҲǸոǽǧΧǣҲġ
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˵ǹսΪǴԪ۹Ϊ޹λ֣ĸͲˣֻһǿԿ϶ģǾҲǷΪ
Ϊһ꣬ԳԪ۹ʿߵԥݣڶ򡣶ҲӦݵĶǲݡ
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ˣһЩܣ󲿷ֶڴõ߽׶ڴһʿУͨ˻ûϹʲô
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һǽӴ˺£ҲͻһЩ仯һЩڻܵ飬Ҳ㲻ʲôˣʱȻ֪ġ
ΪпܣҲɱ֮סġŶ˸һ䡣
ԣҶɶ˵˵ͷĴ£Ŵ˽ȥвûмӰԭʣ΢΢һЦ
ֻǴеģߣһ˵ľģ˵꣬ϤĴŶˣһȡ
֮һſڣֱŶ룬һľӣپͨľȥ輫򵥡
˸˰ľ£һ˼֮ɫƺǰһ㡣
ԭ̾ϢһﵽӤǰ㼶𣬴ӣȥݼʶһ޺ˣϾֻԪҵ˵ʵΪݡ
ԣҶ˵߽Ҳǰ˰ԪѣǷʳһЩ鵤ʲô⹦ҲѳǧԪİɣ
ʦԲУҲǺܶģֻлӤ棬ǧԪֱͬһ㣬һαչؾҪϰꡣ
˵ڴݣǳԽӤĴڣʲôжԪҾͲö֪ˣһαչضǧ꣬Ҳʲôϡ֮£˵˵һ䡣
ʲôгԽӤĴڣ֮һ·֪δǾͷʱվڶ壬ЩȴЩԶˣоʵһЩԭҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ԣҶɸ˵ЩʲôȻֻ÷΢΢һһƺǷܵʲôͣ
벻ԪϹûг֣ȻľϹӣʱһЩѹȸе͸ƣɽÿһλӵĶС


177 
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һһɼ󺺣Ҷڴ˶ϳˣǵԼץڵĺҡ
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ԣڤһ΢ЦľӣҪᣬϷ򲻹Ǵкˣٺ٣
ŶڤϹкķʽ⣡ľӴ΢Ц˵һ䡣
״ڤ¶һ˿⣬Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴǺȻɫһ䣬æźɫһģ˵һһĹ⡣
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ڤϸһǿӣɫ΢䣬˼ȻչһЦͷ벻㾹Ȼ˳ٺ٣ãټߣ
˵Żڤһɫۻһڹ⣬Զȥֻڤϵ˫Ŀ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ߣ͸øǵѵ˷ϣѦˣܹŹʰɣ˫ĿһУ¶ڴ֮ɫ
սڹϼһ֮󣬱ǳȷȥֻľӳϵԺУȴǸֳҶɵӰ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȴһ˿ɻ

ϲһһ޼ʵĻԭ֮ϣһɽȣܴݲڣ粻ϣ·ҽһ㣬ǿֲ
˴ɽȣȣ
󣬿ȥҲǼʮӣƯŻҰɫԼԿһƽȿڷ
Ϥ˵صˣὫ˴һѨȻȿڲж죬
˿̣һЩۼ֮˲ѷ֣ȿڴǲ̡ɫƹ֣ĳһѾñ
ɽɽ˺ڴʿΧ£ܣе¶֮ɫеһһȻ֮⡣
ЩȺУżʮ߽ףȺΪ۵ģҪһյشʮϥ˸ҽӽʲô
ЩУΪ׵һӣǿž޲ı˫ĿˣǬϡҦϣԲΪֻ˻Ӥ֮
ߵһ꣬ȻҲ߽׵Ϊⲻ֮˴ΪȻ֪Ǻεʵ
ι㿴ûǬλǰȥҲͶʮͷӣȻﵽ߽ף˺ա
ͣһٶ꣬δԶһҡͷԵ˵
ʱһ΢΢һЦӿڵٺ٣˼Ĵ֮һԪ϶Ϊ׼ģҵɢޣ޷Ტۡ
ǣ˼ʲôݣǱȲ˵ˣǸ͸˾䣬֪ʲôϻͯĹ߷ʳʲôפյ鵤һ֮˽
һ߿˿ˣصҪˣǽ֮ǧҪɢʮɢɵĶ鲻ס
ƾ֮伸ʻߣŶ٣ɢҲ˲٣ǻҪСЩǡ
ߵĻû˵ֻ꣬һƿ֮𣬽ţǿԶһɫ⣬һҺɫۡ
ٶ֮죬֮£ǳȶ˵˵˶࣬ϣλһƬյأû˸ﶺʲô
۸һ£ʮʿ½һһߣɫ֮󣬱ϥ
쿴ħŵˡ
˵䣬֪ħڻк̣ѵƾڿһʩչħԴǹ
ٺ٣һλϢͲ֪ͨħųһţ죬һ֮ǿǿʩչħԴǹ
ʲô飿ȷ֮
۷׷׵ʱһƿ֮һսԶͣϲ
ɽڵҲˣٺ٣Ͳˣ
ţ֪˷ƴ˭ܸʤһˣڴ
ɽټ϶౦ѦʤӦûһЩģ
δأǬҲС
˵£Ǿ͵ˣ
Զһҽɫ۷ɳ۶ͣȱʮɮ۵ӰһͷüĿߣģ˫ֺʮһš
ӷıոճأλþδۣ˷һ£λˣգ΢΢һЦ˵껰ǽɫ
ŶԭǱʦ˷չؽ꣬ԭΪ˷ǰ׼Ӥģɽľӿ˿ĵĴߣ΢Ц˵
ԣ¶һ˿ɬҡͷ㹻ֺꣿ˷أҲǶϾ룬׻Ӥ½ˡ
ľӳϣһϢ磬ضʵˣΪҲǾ˲٣ϲˣ
ߣľϹΪǷĳ֪ȴǴر޷ĵˣʱħڤɫһ˵
ԣһЩڵ¶ɻ󣬵󲿷߽ȴɫ΢䣬Ȼ˱ͷ
ʱһֱûпڵǬҦϣȻüһ˫Ŀ˿ľӴϣ¶һ˼֮ɫ


178 
޷Ƿ֮ã˲ģ´˱ģڤľ΢΢һЦ˵һ䡣
ٺ٣ľӵԼǣ˷ߣѵʲô㣿ǬҦЦе˵
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ӷ𣡡ʦڴʱһţһαؿҵȻǺúϢһȴ˴Ƴɶɣ
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ܣӰҲԽԽ࣬ԶʱһݹŴ˴е˴Ѱͬ飬ԾѰһ˽䣬ϥ
ºϿյĻҰɫԼ俴ɫƹ֣ĳһӵı
һ̲ס֮ɫվýЩۿľ󣬺ȻǶƺһ˶ȥ
״һԤ֮֮ɫæˣһ̣ɫĺȻһ䣬ºƺճ֮ƶ˰֡
ãһ껹侲˳˺ΧһֱֻۻմȾһ˿Σ˲ޱȣۿɼٶȣżϸɿӶȥ
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ۣһ졣
ѪĽֱ۱նڵϣɫ԰ףĺϹ£ȴҧأԶδһ¡
ҲǴ˹侲ǻͨˣѶ˵һֱֻۣǡ
˿̣ϱ۴һֹסѪɫĿ˿ܣųзԥ뿪˴˴Զȥ
ȶιȻԵɢ֮УСʵǿˣû뵽ûȥȣ뿪ˡһ߿˿뿪꣬˵˵һ䡣
ԣһһУ˵ʵףԸϣǾ̫٣̫ˣ
䵹Ҳǽ뿪ˣ˽ȣᷢһЩΣգҲãһһ֡
һĻȫǿһһ֮ɫȴҲĹϡ

·һüĿ㣬͵꣬һɮۣž޲Ŀ˿ķȺ
ˣһٮٮߣԲΪġ׺У񻺻ħźڿͣƬ̣漴ɽˣ
ĿɨǬ֮ʱһͨƤڵ꣬һЦĿԼ״׺в˫ĿһУ漴΢΢һЦ
ڿɳˣҲĴ˿˿ˣ漴ʲô
Ψħŵ죬Żۣɫž޲֮δţû˿ᣬǱʶɨʱҲۿһ¡

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ҶɣԭƺʲôʱĿ
ǰʶɨǵǸˣ½׺У˷ӦӣʵӦǲಮ١
ǬǼƤڵ˰ɣаչ˵ûн֣ʵ¾Բ͵ġ
ħҲ֪ˣ˷û´ĻӦӣ˵ƾһ֮ǿǿʩչħԴǹ
ٺ٣֪û˿֣Ǽ٣˵֮£ҲпħŹԻǣҲòһġ
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ʮ꣬䣬·κ¶޷ľһ㣬ԭڱĿ֮ʣ˵˫Ŀһ
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˵껰ǿ˿Ѧ漴ĿҶһۣǲ˫Ŀһռ
Ҷɵûʲô죬ԭʱĲڼ䣬Ѧ˫Ŀ΢еĿҶɣ֮ɫһţûӹҶɵĸ֪

ֹȥʮʱ䣬ϿԭڵĶΣƺЩȴûǰǰŨˡ
͸ЩϡɼɫƹֵĳһЩŤʱʱ֣ȥ˼㡣
˶ʱ䣬ҲٿԶĶݹ⣬ӣѾˣҲһЩ·ʱ֮ˡ
״Ĵ֮Ҳ׷˫Ŀ࿴һۣ漴΢΢˵ͷϼһʧԭء
ˢһȰգĵӰֶľӣڤʦҦϴϵˣ
ӷ𣡡ʦ˫ֺʮһţ漴һĺͰ˵ӣ˵ؽڴգӦÿԳ׳ֻˡ
ҵȺǿƽӦÿǰǽȥλΣ˵꣬ʦ˿ˡ
ԣľӵ˵ͷϾֻʱ䣬᳹ϣȥҲã
Ȼûʲô֣ŷŽƹĳңңһ㡣
˵һ
ԭǴĽƹ֣ۿɼٶڻܶǷûãһֱһɶĻڣǳ˽ƹ֮ϡ
ڱԵɫϼǶΣǽƹ֣Ҳ޷ʴȥȹ֮
ˣѾȶҿЩȥɣסֻʱ䣬ǲܼʱϻֻܱˡħڤ˵껰Ĵ֮˱Ƿ׷Գбڷȥ


179 Ŀ
һƮɢŵɫɽڣïֲܵ꣬һֻֻҰ޲ʱûּ䣬Խڴִϡ
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ΧʿȺеʮ˶ʮ˵Ĵյһ𣬵ȻҲԳͨˣ֮
һΪ֮ˣΧٽΧϾΧǿޣһЩǿĽơ
ȻҪǣܹΧȺڣԼԲ֮ǲһǽ޻߽Ƹӿ¡
֮أɱ˶ᱦҳ㷹һ㳣ʶһЩʵߣӣΧѰҲ̬ܷѰʲô

ĵشԵһƬһӰУСĿܣһ֮ɫʱ̵ķ䴢֮ϡ
ݣ
һڹԺϢļ̼Ǵ͸˰üģֱص˲䣬лŽ֮ɫһֻ֣ʼշڴ档
һ
гһӰȥʮ꣬ϴһ˰̣䣬һ̵Цݣ̧һС
ವһһڹԶأһģĳ˵Уӣһö÷̡
΢촽֮󣬱ǻһӰʧ˴˵ء

һּ䣬ʮ˾£һһ߿˿ܣڿ˷˵ҴӣҪǿʵǿĳġ
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ʦ֣ģһȫϣٺ٣ǣҲûʲôµģ˵꣬ڿ¶һ̵Ц⡣
ʦֵЦЦ漴һ֣Ǵˣĳȥ

ĳҶڣһȺɮ۵ʿΪ׵ǽ׺У俴˿ܣɫЩӡ
ʦλ̫ģ⴦Ҷȥ𴦿˵˵껰Զжȥ

һƤڣòͨˣʮ̤ɽʿһưܵķǰ
̮ķϡϳһ㽨ֻڿһҲûʲôƣڽģȴһСĻɫԲ̡
ߣͨĴĴһ·ӻûǸϽȥƤڵ˵
ԣһüͷһ壬չʦ֣֮ǰǼܶʲôģʵǿһҲ˷̫ʱ䡣
ߣʲôҲһЩͨɫĺöĵشȻҲΣأСһЩǣҶϡչ˵껰̤˴
״Ҳ𳤽ֻСֳֻܷɼͣչչʮˣܰںʯ󣬵Ǽ˴
һѤõĹϼ˸֮У˵Ӱʧ״һٴ̤ϴ󣬰ʯæµ
˿̣չһѣι󣬺Ȼһɽ֮ϣĿܲûκ˵ټ
ʲôôȻȺɢˣ¿Щ鷳ˡ˵껰չ¶һ֮ɫǽ̤ɽĳжȥ

һǷϵĽǰΧʮʿҲգĿŽܵĵɫ֡
ʦ֣⽨𻵳ƾȻãЩءһʿ˿һ꣬˵˵
һˣɽʿҶԭǵɫƣ֪Щʲô
ʵƲˣĻһƸôױƳģȻڶȴȻŲСʱ°ɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣѦüͷһ壬ͷʦ˵ĲʦҲΪǰƣƺֻƳˣ
ҲҪҵȫ֣ĻҲƳơϾǰʦҲԹˣŽƿ˿ûġ
أٺ١һһ±ɡ˵껰һ䣬ৣһƬâϯһĺȻڰջΪʮ˻ɫС졣
ʲô죿״ʼ˵ɫһѿڶ˼״󲿷ֶЩȣҶɲԭˣһãȻ֮ɫ
֮ʱľӴϱ㽫ｻңһ·ϣϵĽ󷨾ԲЩУû̫ͨһˡ˵껰ֳ̧Сָ¡
˵һһƬĿâ˸֮䣬ʮ˻ɫС΢΢һԼһâ֯һ֮󣬱γһɫ
ǻɫȥûʲô̧һ㣬ɫ򻺻ŵɫƹһ˶ȥ
ۣһУɫ˲ûɫ֣ԭӯӯĹ֮ϣȴǲĻɫ˿ߡ
Ĺɫֻǹϼصһɢ״΢Цĵ˵ͷǽСһա
ֻ˵ͷһƽȻͬ죬ǽ뵽ĵشҲԶ̵һЩôˡһ߹Ц
ƽЧȻѦҲһ˿ȣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ˵ͷĵشżȽȥһʱҲ޷ƿǼơ
˽ȥҲãﲻʵǿ޶࣬һ·أ˸ǿ·ģٺ٣ھͰȡ·ϵıã˵꣬Ƴһơ
֨һ
ƹʧƾɵĽŻ򿪣˻࿴һۣ뵽˽֮С
˶뽨֮ʱ˭ûע⵽ԶһŸɿݵС棬Ȼ˷·һ˫Ŀ


180 
һºȣʮӰһƬ֣һ̮Ľ֮ǰڽģһɫ
һˣɽˡ
֮ǰǴžɽƿƺ󣬵ֻҵһֻľУҲûзʲô˱ȥ
һţҶɱֹŹֵĸоƺĳطһ˫۾עЩˣ˵ڳЩˣ
Ҷɼûʲô״Ҳû˵ЩʲôϾԼʶЩ˸һЩӽ߽ףԼ㿪ڣñ˻ʲô
뿪ǴǴˣᳵ·˴أֹĸоҶҲûоƺʧһ㡣
źһУҪ̤ϴֻԶƿ֮
ӷԭʩǻǺԵģһ䣬һɮˣǳɽڸţ½ʮˡ
Ŷԭµĵѣףǿ˴ˣѵͲģö˼ˣ˵꣬ǺһЦ
ԣ׵ҡҡͷЦȻʩδģƶɮкεĵģ
ٺ٣ãһټͲˣʲôҲˡ˵꣬ɽڵӱڴܰ۴ʯ
һ˵һ˵Ӱ˼ʧɽڵΪŴͶߡ
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˵껰׺бǴʮˣ̤˴󣬰źʯ֮󣬷󼤷һϼ֮£˵Ӱʧ

ͣ͵˺δҶɲ֪˿̵Ҷɣɫܣһӡ
֪ǴʱԼ˲ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼֱӳһֻۺ˶޵ĶѨڣһҵĲɱڽС
֣ʦȷ˵Ǵͺ󲻻ᱻɢģѵֻԳ⣿ڲ˸ı䣬˶ɢˣҶЩε˵
ҺǾۺڣһֻڣ¾鷳ˣ˵˭ҲԸⱻ͵޵ϳȻԼУҲֻҰοˡ
˵껰Ҷɽ϶һ򣬱Ѱ˳·
໺𣡡
һ׹޺𴫳ƺǸո˯оѣһ˿ãȻһ˿ŭ⣬Լ
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ˣ
洫һƺʲôȻڿٵŴ˴Ҷɲŵһ㣬ʹ˶ݵ֮
ˢһµϼһ漴ǻָƺ˻ȥһ㣬״Ҷɲɫһ
ԽԽҶƺᵽǹɲбϢ֮£ҶɼŶѨǰȥ

ĳ֮ϣƯһ괿ɫ貵ĹϼһŨŨҩܡ
һֻ˺۵Ķ㣬һֻڵľԳһ𣬵һµӰ֪
һṦܿռ䲨һһɮۣͷĺУȻǣû׹ô£ǱǸľԳһƽ飬궼ûӳӡ
ֻ޲ûΪͻȻֵӰ֣ͣȻڸʩչͨһƴɱ

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ڿʦ֣Ϣˣ뿪ɡһЩǵ˵
ɳʲôǶû׷ҲǸ뿪ˣϣϿҵǣҲ֪طôȻ⴫ͷɢˣ˵껰˸ԷųзԶȥ
ڶ뿪ã丽һʯ֮󣬴һ̾Ϣ
ϧȻһ𣬷ĻǿԺúôһ˵޷˺ңͬҲ޷ɱǵġ˵껰һģӰھʯ󽥽ֳϣһԵ˰̡
΢һλһӰԶȥ
ԼôһٷĹڵ뿪ĸâһһ۵ߣԵһϴ֮ɫ
ڴ˵غ죬Ȼôﲻڿ˲ö˵ɢ֮Уǳĺ֮
еĺڷ̸ΣҺϷⱣıϢһǷ֣Ҳֻ·һˣ䵥˰ɡ
˵꣬˿ǰĵطɵһ£һöСԶԾȥ

緢һУҶɲ֪˿̣ɫ԰׵Ŀһɫתݺݵһֻ˺۵۾
˾ѩףʮɴСܶѨѱΪƽأ¶ܼͰɽ塣
ֻ˺ֻۣĿɺޱȣҶɽɫת˶ͷ­һıһ
صһɫת׵رǱɡ
״Ҷɲ˿֮ɫɫҲûҶɣʼŲԶһʮɳѪⷭɫ
˵˺ۣϢ󽵣Ȼһ׺ޱȵƣֻĿңңԣƺʱ֪ᷢĹ
ۡһ
ҶɵĽɫתɵ˲䣬һɫɫŰɫȥЩɫߵһϢ½˲١
״۾¶һ֮ɫһԥ޴ıǰһ̽緢һƬˮɫ
¡¡
һضɽҡıѤõĹϼѶΧռ䱬һֲ֮ϯȥ
ʱҶɫһ˫¶һ֮ɫһһԪɿת͸˿˿֮


181 
Ҷзһ䣬䵤ڣԪת˿˿ɫ˿ͷŶ۵һ˳žֱ۳ȥ
ţҶɵһ죬УȻһֻɢɫĹУҲŰɫһ˦
ݣ
ٶȿó棬ҶۼɫУûо޴δɢȥĹϼڣ̼䲻Ӱ
໺𣡡һ˺ѷεţصһ죬󣬳˰ٴһƬǳװ
ûãֻͨһɫ˶壬صˤ˵ϣѪͷ­ֻʣһС룬ʣ°߾ʧӰ١
ʱҶ¶һϲ֮ɫǰĸӦ֮УɫǾ޴ıһɨǼӲ編һıӣȻɫնϣһû˾ͷ­֮ڡ
նı֮Ȼɫͷ­ըķ飬ֻ̼
ۣˣ̫ͨˣ̫ˣȻնɱˣС˵һ˺ۣȻЩ٩˵
ԣҶ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ϢƴϢ󽵣ץסʩչͨͻȻ֣׽նɱģ
ǵϣȫʩչͨཫˣȻûĻġ
ҶȴЩϧԭնʹõģû뵽սʹһɱﵣǰΪ˶Ը󣬸ǶһǰĹУҲֻʣһʩչҲ֪ʱָܻ
ٺ٣˾ͱǫˣСˡ˵껰ɫһ˾ǰſ޿һҧ˺һƤ⣬¶ࡣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦɫתȡһֻƿһŻָĵҩϾǰҲҶĲС
˵´ձûʲô󰭣ΣķĵطҶɿǲ˿Ĵ⡣
תĿҶƺѰʲôռеĴλãԶȥһṦһ̮ĶѨ
̧Ǵʯһ㣬ಣһʯƷתۼ䣬¶˶Ѩıòһʯһǣһ޵ֲЩ˵ӡ
ٺ٣ȻǽԪݣЩҩȻһЩްģ˷˵ô͵ϳҲ׷˵껰ҶȡһֻľУԪ¶֮ɫ
˿̣СҲǽ̵ΪֳһҶɸ˵ҩҶ֮ڡ
˿ܣ˴ովսʲôޣҶɿǲҳȥųз֮ϣԶȥ

һ֮Уһź֮ˣһЦĿŵһʬ壬¶м֮ɫ
ߣɽڵˣҲˣΪȻɫһ䣬æתһһ֮ɫ˵ʲôˣ
˵껰˫ĿһУ˿ĳþҪ˵ֻо󲨶һ𣬻תһڹԶ
ವһǴ͸ĺԣڵһȼ棬һ⣬뵽һУϣȻһ۵˰̡
˵еĴҲûв鿴ʲôǽһߣħŵĵӣһǣ
ûоʹȥ˫Ŀһеתǰǿž΢΢һ
Ǭĵѣۿãϳ𣿺ٺ٣˵껰ɫ¶һ̵Цݡ
ʱǿžһŤһӣһöīɫɫĴ˿в¶֮ɫ

պҶɵӰһʯԵһߣӸո䣬ǹһ˿δɵѪǰһɫСⰵڵϡ
ҶյĽɫתֽɫСܣԼߵĴֳ̧ߴһŻ°âһ𣬱Զִȥ
ڣï֦ܵҶ赲˴ĹߣʱڵһɹɸİɫҲǲ̫õӣǣʶﶼЩѹƵӡ
ҶɼԦһֻС̡Ҷ״ķзּ䣬ߴڵõ֮ԭȱٷзõ֮ĶҶɵûü飬ǽߵĴ
պҶɼԦֱԵⲻɴ룬ۼžҪЩ֣ҶҲ˿
ȻɫһŷзڰռٵĵתͬʱҶɵμæһһ
ݣ
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ߣʲôˣͲɽڵ㣿Ҷüͷһ壬ʻʱˡ
ҶҶɸоһ˿Σգ֮ͬУǺģⲻҶɽϸشǰ֮ˡ
ӿʮ꣬ɫĿҶɣдһ˿Ȼ֮ɫΪ۵ǣϴһ˰̡
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ڷ̻֪ˣҲ࣬㻹ԳɽڵӣȻˣһͿɣߡ˵껰һ̵Цݡ
ԣҶ˫ĿһУǼԼ嶾࣬ȻˣСһЩ㲻ʲô˺Լȱֻʺ͵ϮսĻûʲôܵġ
뵽Ҷ΢΢һЦɫ򶨵˵ŶȻˣҵҪ¾ʲô̡


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ֻԶһɫУҶмϣ۵һûؿڣһֱĿԶĵ˵ϡ
Ҷһ̧֣ವһɫԶأûвӰ
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ιֻǽƬ̣Ǳɫǹķ飬˵ǹҲСһȦն
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187 Ծ
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䣬ħʮ붯֣׺УԼǬչҲɫһ˿û˼һɡ״һɫɫߺȥ
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ԣҶ΢Цĵ˵ͷЦԺлᣬȥݷý׵ѵġ˵껰СҲǻΪҶɵ֮ڡ
ѦɫĿҶɣ֪˼ʲôħŹһҧгݵӣ˷䣬ȥ󶨻ᱻŹ
һ˼߳ҶһЦҪ˵Ȼʯ񴦴һʱӿɫ㣬ϯֻǰһ


189 
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ʲô⣬ôĵش
԰ǲҪͨһ𣿡
˵ֻʲôʣĻǴ͵ĵشҲᱻɢˣһɲ
ʱȻķ֣뿪ĵشصǴ̮Ľǽ֮УͨĵشĴ
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һºķȳڴΧһЩɢһŵĵȥ׷ں治Զĸš

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ڤ˵˻ʵףתһ룬Ҳ˸ţӣ˷ħŶŴ˷T趨ȫ׼ʲôɱﵣҲġ
ĸû׼һЩٮٮ߼ʵ൱ʩչħԴǹµӻа취ӦԵġ
УЩҲ⣬һЩصĵӣҲġҦϲһ䡣
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ΧռȻһƬʶ޷ųŨҵɱ֮£ҶɫһףһѪԴһ˹ȥԼ䣬һƺ֮


190 
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Ĵ֮ϣһ꾲ţ˫ĿգȳƣɫЩ԰׵ӡ
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ֱ֮˶ʱȴҶȻûתѵ˼ֹ죬ľӴһ˵ûʲô󰭣ľӳϱߡ
⼸գȴǲҹľһǼ֮ãǰľӴټҲ뿪˼侲ҡ
СյĹŽ·飬Ҷɽ˸ţҶҲ˽ĵ˵ͷ
ľӴϣҲ֪շʲô𣿡Ҷ˵һ䡣
ԣ˵ͷҲãǳ䣬Ҳǰǣħųͻ˵ǣûʲôҪǳΪ˰ǵģٺ١
ԣҶɻǲ˽ԼȴúܣͻȻֵ䣬ʲô򵥵İ
ΪʱҶĸоֻ޴ƣԿֲɱ⣬εԼԼƲűȱָ࣬ҲһЩ
Ҷɲ²⣬˻ԣֻǱԼ˶ѣԼȴǲ˵֦˻ʲôֻ˳ˮ۵˵ʱһЩơ
ҶЩֵǣʱˣɱԼǴ˵˼ֱ練ƣΪˣҶ벻ͨš
ҲҶᵽˣԼǶôСǵȿֲĴ˵˼趯֣ͿԼֻǣԼʱĵˣ
ϸĻһµʱ龰ҶɺȻ˫ĿһУǵħŵڤϣ˵Լɱ֮ʱջûзԼǸоһɿֲɱ⡣
ѵǣħŵ뵽Ҷɲһ˵ĻԼûʲô·ˣתһ룬ƺ
ħŵ֣ʹʱ˱ˣʱ䣬ǿֲҲȫٴγֵģľӴϣǻǰһ㣬޵ֿ֮
˭֣ҶавӼϿԼΪ˵Ҳһϣͬľһûеֿ֮ҪϿΪˡ
ǿֲڼȻʱûнԼɱ·Ҳల£ֻֿܣһ֣ϴˣڶ֣ǿֲʲôԭԲû׵ĽԼնɱ
˵ֿԶ̫󣬵ҶɻŵڶָһЩƺ˵ԼûʲôΣգҲԲ˶Ĵ⡣
˼򵥵һᣬ˱Ƕ뿪˾ǣҶɸϿϢúûָһ£ºΪйԪԪҶҲǻָ߰˰ˣҲûʲô󰭡
ϸĻһĻҶɲ˫ĿһУ¶֮ɫ
ľӴϳ֣ҶȻЩģ˵ȥľӳϣҾλӣҲ˴󹦡
˵ľӴϣӦóһǣûд󰭣ľӳ˵ȻҲЩϺġ˵꣬Ҷת
Ƭ̺оһȻԼõ̴ľС
ѵľӳǵ뽫ȴɽڣ룬ȴ˹˵ĻҵʱҸڣ뿪սСԱϣҶ¶֮ɫ


191 ҶѦ
Ŷ˵Ȳɽˣĳ侲ڣľӴüͷһ壬˿Ҷɡ
ԣҶһǸĵسϣΪӽ׵Ʒҩʦһ˳ϴĽԪĵԣӴչһζϵġ
ľӴϵĵ˷ˣ´󹦣ص֮Уϻ󣬻ֱӵõԪģҲȥʲôˡ˵꣬ľĿһҶɡ
ľӵĻҶһתһ룬̾Ϣ֪ȥ֮ǰѾԤ˼ҩڹּҶһЩ
ԣӻȥЩ鴦źãڻɽڣĿԵõԪǵҲͲ˷ˡ
ԣľӳ΢ĬƬ̧̣ͷ˿ҶɣЩ˵ˣȵõĶŻȡһЩ⽱ġ
ңõϵıߣȻȥ£ȻʲôģǰͿ쵽ˣʱȥ˵꣬ľ˫ĿһС
鷳ˣǵӾȸˡ˵껰ľӵ˵ͷҶɱ˳˾ҡ
ãľӳԶ˫ĿһâӲ׽ˣȥоһ˵ɡ
ϾСǱҲöЩǿӲֶΣʧһţҴȥɽڵҲá
Ҫǣ䲻ƷҩʦնԲŲУ취ʲôȡĺá
ľӻ䣬⴫һ
ϣǰǣȥЩҪȥһ¡ľӲİѦ

պսһǳϿͣǽսƣֱӷӣ漴ϼһԶȥ
ˣҶѦˣ
һ䵽棬Ҷɱüͷһ壬֪ѦΪҲڴ˴ҶѦԼ϶ЩģҶȴû˵Щʲô˳Žֵųȥ
ʦܣæʲôʦֵܣҲк𣿺ٺ١һ̬ѦǵûΪҶɣһӡ
ԣҶɻתǸǸʦЩ飬Դæ֮ˡ
ٺ٣޷УлʦܳȣĻǶҪˡѦ¶һ͵Цݣ˵˵
Ҷ˫ĿһУ˵Ѧ«ʲôҩѵǸмԼΣҶҲǲ̫򽻵
ԭͬţЩӦģϵġҶɵ˵
Ǻǣʦܿǫ鰡ˣʦܣôʦʶģʦе档ѦڳһȻ֮ɫʵ
ԣҶüͷһ壬һ֮УˣѦʦ֣һЩ飬ȸˡ˵껰Ҷɹ˹֣һȥ
ѦվԭûĬãЦʧȻһ֮ɫ
˵𣿺ߣϣҪҲУĻ²Գ֣ٺ١˵껰Ѧ˿Ǽ̣Ȼһתųⷽȥ
һĹҶ̣߳Ĺ˼ҩ̣֮ûѦӰӣȻ뿪ǡ

һºھңԶһƽԭҲ֪¶ɵһտʱҶɵӰУǲ˼ơ
С֮࣬ǷǵյҶɵ°ɣǰһСʵ
С൱ʱҲ˻ԣҶСȻûлָҳ˯ãֱڣСȻûȫָ
ˣʱǸϹ֣ҸоɱǣʱʵڵֵסǹѹСͻ˹ȥ֮ʲôҲ֪ˡСЩص˵ҲûյƤ֮ɫ
ԣҶü̾Ϣˣ֪ģٺ٣˷ȣջǲС
˵껰Ҷɵһ䴢˸֮䣬Ҷɵǰǳ˼ֻԼ
һҶʶһǼ˴еƷ

ħţһΡ뽨еĳ䰵֮ڣڤһ֮ɫǽϵһƹĻдһн֮ɫ
ʱ򣬹Ļ֮󣬴һЩɣƺһ˿Ȼ֮⣬ģȴЩصӡ
˵˻Ӥڳ֣˵껰ǳĬ
ԣڤɫһæ棬ڤǿΣ䣬ҵʱץסСӴǣʱǹѹԲܹġ
ңڳˣȫ˻ˣ֮󣬷ֻɽڵ˲ˣҿܾܿǣɽԳ֡
һƬĬãĻ֮󴫳Ҳû壬Ǻ˳֣飬ϹӦòģѵ

ŵ̸Ҷɲ֪˿̣һЦ˫Ŀϸַϣʯҩһء
ٺ٣벻쾹ȻɱˣǴֻõһԶͨʿǿϺü˵껰Ҷ֮ɫ
ԼңӦøӷḻһЩɣٺ٣ҾͿţʲôö˵껰Ҷһʶһǿʼ
첻ڵٮٮߣʯͱ֮ǰеļ֮࣬ǰҲ˲١
߰ƿָĸ߼ҩһЩԵĲϣõϿ϶ֵһʯһЩݾԶҩֲҲв٣мƽԪҲõϡ
ףǣһᣬҶɺȻ֧ľУڴС


192 
Ҷһ֧ľбǳУһֻǱͨīɫľУһֻһ֧̻ƵĵɫľС
ҶɽīɫľһžһиǱһһ޵ҩ˺Уݡ
״ҶһϲƽԪһζҩ⼸ζҩԪݣݸ꣬ټڹԤѩ㹻ʮҵĽԪЩʧʣҲ㹻Լõˡ
иһۣҶɱǽľ¶ŨŨϲɫ
ٺ٣ҵǲ֪֧ľװصǺ˵껰Ҷɱǽ֧̻ƵĻɫľϸ
һ̣䵥ֳźиһ˵һľ΢΢һ𣬵ɫϼһиȴ˿û
ףôаŪľУҶüͷһ˵ٴʵ˼ΣȻ
״Ҷɽľգһߣ漴ľңңһ㣬Ҫʹ÷ǿдǿL򿪣𻵺֮Ҷֻ
৵һ£ϼһľڰ΢΢һ𣬱ǻָ
һ£ҶЩɻθɷ׼ǿдľУȻʧܣҶɽһᣬȫ߶ľһץ
৵һ£ľкȻĿϼ΢΢Ȼ޷򿪣һһSSֲѣƺֹҶɷ֡
˴˿̣ҶҲˣľǱ˽ƣҪǿƿԼ½Ƶ˷ҪߣĻҪԽ֮ƽĽơ
΢оƬ̣ҶɽľЩϧ֮ɫٿ˿ϸַϣҶɵһ䣬ˢһϼһϱÿտյжս˴С
ֻԺ׵ʱٿˣлѧϰһ֮Ҷɵ˵˷֮УνջķᣬԭЩɱĴֱóʵ
˿Ҷɵң±ȵһЩ߽ͨˣЩ˵ĴҲƵġ
ԥƬ̣Ҷ¶֮ɫһ䣬ϼ˸֮䣬ҶɵУһ̴֧ľУǶһſīɫʯһŻɷľ֮ϡ
ľӴƺڰʾҽｻȥͲ֪浽װʲô˵꣬Ҷ¶һڴ֮ɫ
ǧõĶҲȻԸϽģȷʵԼòϵĶõŻЩʹõıǿԿǵġ
ֻǵĻصûл鿴ǻᱻǿлȡԲҸ뿪ս׼һԼȿʲô
ԥҶɵһö£۵һΪ˻ҽ̴ľУҶɵвƺһɹɷ
ףѵװʲôﲻɣҶЩɻ˵
ԥƬ̣ҶɷԸһС໯ΪĴҶɵۣţľڽ֮УҶ߳˽ƣԶԶؿ˿ڵ΢΢ľС
ݵ֮Ȼתǽľд򿪷ֲԣ׼ʱ뿪˵أϾľ˹죬òСһЩġ
Ƭ̺Ҷһ֮ɫ̴̧֣ľ΢΢һ㣬žһиһһɰɫ쭷統ϯ
״Ҷ˫ĿһҪ׼ߣȴľƺһƳ״Ʒľ֮С
ﲻƴСͨһ㾧Ө͸ȥȷֻÿֻ棬һ˸ɫϼë
ܲʱһɫ쭷磬ƺëģ״Ҷɲɵɫһǽ˽֮С
ľڣһöǼ״һҶɸԳ򣬱ǹ۲
Ҳ֪úֲƶɣ쳣⻬һɫëҲǼҶ˼֮󣬱Ȼķ֣ɫëȻԳǿʵӣȥ𻵡
Ƭ̣Ҷɻ̧öʶһǲ鿴ϵļء
Ҷɵϣ¶һϲ֮ɫûãüͷһ壬һĹҶշ¶һ֮ɫ
ݴöأƳ״ıԭǸϽ֮мƳģڷƷ
˵ǷƷݼأҲ侪ˣ˶ȫƳɹһʩչ֮£ɺɾ룬ֱ൱˲Ƶٶȡ
ĸˣǵһλʦУƳ
ֻǴ˱ϼ䷱࣬ûг֮ʱλ˱Ԫӣ£ǽ˱֮ȱϣԼʹ֮ϸļ¼֮ϣԱ˵õƣҲ˱Ը
ȻϽķƷȻиߵ磬ɽ磬˵꣬Ҷ¶һ֮ɫ
Ҫ˽һЩɽϢֻϧ沢ûйĽܣʱҶɸӸоԼСС
Ҳӵ춨ҶŬľģֻϣгһգܹһ߲磬ߣվǸ߸ϵɽ硣
Ҷ˦˦Դ̫ңԶ飬ҲˣĿǰҪģǸϿףֻԼиԱĻᡣ
ҶɱǰüϵıҪ֮󣬲ʹõĵӦֵģķƷڷ֮ϡ
ǿд߶ӲЧ˵Ӻķѷֻû߽ϵΪ붼顣
ҪϿˣҲգȥһˣԤıѩҲӦõˣԼȫƽԪġҶɫһ˵
΢ԥƬ̣ҶվΣܽһգŵ֮϶ȥһ棬ǼԦһҺɫۣŹǷȥ


193 ٷּ
º󣬹һҩ֮ڣһһ֧УЦеĿǰһꡣ
λѣٲϷҪѩˣٺ١ЦǺǵ˵
ԣ˵·Щ飬Ǻǣ˼ˡ
Ϸûʲôؼѩ޷ʱ̫ǾþδԣϷŴҡͷ
Ŷãû٣㿴Ŀɡ˵껰óһֻߡ
˫ĿһӹֻʶһɨǺǺЦԣѩĿ
ӹУ˿漴΢ЦĽЦǱлˣǣ
˵껰ֱתȥˣҶɣһЩõıϱ֮󣬱ȡҩ
ҩſڣҶɱ΢΢һЦһ˿˷֮ɫٺ٣ڲڴ룬ڿƽԪˡ
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɲûżɽڣŽӵһȥһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
ԼôһٷĹҶɵӰһ֮ͨڣһӰҪǰʲôҶûһֱۣ˶¥
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һҶɷһߣһԶһľ֮ϣеƷ裬һľܣڷһƴСĺɫƶһĴڡ
СѣΣǸּҿ˸ͷҶ֮߳Ҷ֣΢Ц
״ҶҲûʲôӱЦôѵǰΪˣ
ߣϴֽ׻ϣ
ǺǣΪѣҲϷ飬ֻΪִʦˣʱ꣬ͷһĶ
ϴڽ׻֮󣬱ǰԤĶϸҪϷ򣬵ϷҲû̫࿴ִʦ֮Ҳҡͷ̾Ϣ΢Ц
ŶѵƵʱ޷ƣҶϴν׻󣬱һԤһ䶴׼ȡѩʱһȡ
ǺǣϾ㽻˶Ҳ㲻ȡңִʦ˶֮󣬱Щ˷ܡ
Ƶļƣ䱸ȫ󣬰˵Ķǲܼ򵥵ȡϷˣ۸Ҫ߳ͬȶĺü
˵ڲ֪Ƿʯ֧ʱǲڼȥģִ֪ʦ£ƵƹڣһĵĽСӵĶЦǺǵ˵
Ŷǲ֪ҪٷãɷȼʶһҶüͷһ˵
ԣҡҡͷ̫ϸƣִʦ˵ͲǶˣֱһ
˷ϲ˵ͬʱҲķ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱڣҲûȫϵģٺ٣㲻صģִʦ˵磬ӦÿƳġ
Ŷ˵һǿһõͷͷˣҶЩǸ˵
ЦЦֵˣΪɽڵӣΪλȱģҼɢޣҲһͨˡ
Ҫ󣬼ֱȵһЩСɵĽˣִʦ˵ԺרƼĶٺ١
һЩʵ˿ɣǽһʵʵڵŴûֱƳġ
˵ϻҪִʦϣźøģϾҲƲķá
ԣҶ΢΢һЦŶֻʱӵһĶˡԱϣ˱
Ҷʵд㣬ԼڲκʹɽڣҲȫŵģݵǧڣһӡ
֮԰ɽڣΪѰҽԪѣԪһ֣ҶɱΪ·ǡּҿʱҪһ
תһ룬ɽڶȫҶɱôһ뷨һ㣬䱸ֱɽڵĶҪơ
տʼҶΪ۸ҲͨıңϾԼƵ㣬ϵʱҲûϸҶɽҪ˶Ҷɱ뿪
ľӳ϶ԼİʾƺڵԼõıҶɱãǲΪԼãҪֶΣҶֻ뿪ɽڣ뿪ݣɢޱǡ
ǱıԼԿǽɽڣȱҶ˵ʲôҲύȥġ
չһ߽¥Աߣ˵˼ʲôǽһ֧ʷнϣ漴˳ȥ
ϴУ¶һȭͷСڣĽ״Ʒռ䲨ɢԱ߰ڷһö
ٺ٣ƳˣԤĶȼһɣɷ⡣΢Ц˵
ԣҶʶһĲ鿴Ƭ̺Ҷһϲȴǲûбֳʲôʶһ붴֮ڡ
Ƭ̺ҶЦЦҵҪ󼸺ʲô֪۸񣿡
ԣ΢΢һЦǰѾϷҲӣϾ۸񲻵ִͣʦͼ۸񣬶ʮʯ
ʲôʮ򣿡˵Щ׼Ҳû뵽۸ⲻҶ˫Ŀһɵ𾪵
ٺ٣۸һҲٵˣִʦ˵ˣθһУֻȡʮɣʵòҲûйϵִʦƣᵱ֮΢΢һЦ˵ʮʯĪ˵һʿ߽ͨףҲóġ
Ҷѹѹ𾪣ǶʮҲԲһСĿȫңҲǴﲻĿļǿԴչʮʯ
һĻҶԭ㸻ʯһӾͻ˴֮࣬ڣҲʣʮʯѣȻĿһҲòġ
ãһ£ʱһȡһЩʯ˵˹򶴸Ļ޷õóġҶ˵껰óһֻϡ
Ҷ仰ԴԷԼó޶ʯĻɣӲᶯʲôģϾųҲ֪ԼּңԼʲô⣬ּҲǲý
Ȼ˵Щ֮ɫ֮󣬻΢΢һЦĵС֮УҲͰٺ١
ԣҶ΢΢һЦаźɫͷǸȡ֣ȻɫǾͽฮΣ
ҶɵĻüҡͷ˵ıгฮӰ˱ƣϾ䱸ѾԶԶķ롣
ٺ٣Сǲ⣬Ϸ԰ȡ֣磬ͽ˵껰ϸоĵ˵ͷ


194 
ٺ٣֣лǰиˣҶ΢Ц˵һ䡣
϶˼򵥵Ĵ˸кҶɱ뿪˵أ׼ȥɽڣúоһϾºóģɽҪԼıֻһ뿪ɽˡ
ԼƷҩʦֿն츳ɽڲ̫ΪԼʹһЩﻻȡ޷ȥˣǴ㶯ǿĻľӴϣȫԼȥġ
Ҷɳһֻɫۣ˹֮󣬱ɽڷȥ

ɽ壬ɽһªʯңľӴϣһ֮ϣ΢˫Ŀš
һṦʯһǽ֮ϣȻһƬĿϼһŤ֮һģǽ֮ϡ
Һ£Żðɣ⼸ʲôģһЩԶľӵ˫Ŀһ¶һ֮ɫ
˿ģľһ֣صĵˣЩ㰲Ҳƽȣûʲô·
ŶǾͺãôЩȵӣѵ飿ģɻһ䡣
ԣľɫһͷǰʱȣǳ
Ŷʲôһֱû뿪ɽڣ˵˵ʲôȾȻ˻Ӥ֣ģЩʵ˵
һӣǰʱȵõһնɱħһӣ˵ʩչĽħԴǹ
ħŻģλӳʱڤϹҪסӣҸҪȻľӽĴŽһ顣
ʲôлӤڲ£ѵħŵϹӦò̫ܣȸκλ·˿˾кĿģģһ
ĴһΪŻ챦飬˶赹ʱһǿƬ̣ȻܵǹŨҵɱǵõ챦նɱħŵӵľ˵
ѵǱǼȥ˵лĻ᣿ģһ䡣
ԣľüͷһ壬ҿֻ֣ȷǵһԵɲǣԼ俴һֻ֣˸
ʲô⣡ģЩɲ

߰պҶɼԦŷۣ·һƬϥڴ֮ڣһĲŽԪ֮
ȻҶ˫ĿһովΣصһ죬һһģЩˤ
һ̣伱æݳգǿӰգסҶɵȥ·һĿҶɡ
״ҶɺȻɫһ䣬λҶʶħŵĺɷҶˣʵʵڵ߽ס
СӣҲ֪ʲôͣڤϾȻǰ㣬Ҳɷ˿Ҷɣ˵
ԣЦЦҡͷ⣬СӾ˵ɽڽͨң߻һޣٺ٣һ˶ԸȷʵЩ鷳ġ
ŶֲãҲãܽ޻׽˵Աģٺ١ɷ˵˵ƺסҶɣֻһСһ㣬ȫûҶɵɫ
СӣߣҪǳ֣ȻҪǷµĻɾҪһЩƤ֮ˣٺ١ɷЦ˵
Ҷתһ߽ףԼС࣬սˣһԼܣǶġ
Ӷݣȫʢ״̬ĸ߽ףԼƺҲߣϾǺһڵʿ
ѡԼߣδ䣬Ҷһߣɫۼٵ˼ȥҶɵӰǸȼգϼһ෴ȥ
ʲôСڣɷȻ֮ɫһ¡
ԣӦʹʲô׷Ҽæǰһȭصһײ˵ĺɫһɡ
ţѹ𾪣ݹһҲǺɫ۱Ҷ׷ȥ
Ҷɼ죬ټǺɫԼҲ¶˽Զһξ룬ҶɵϣȴǲɣΪԼľ룬
ٺ٣һΪжҲˣɷЩ˵ŲæĴ߶Ŷݹ⣬ۼҶɵľԽԽ
״Ҳ˿ͷҲС˵ҵȿ׷ϣһʿǸ޷˿ģû뵽СӣȻ
ٺ٣æץסĻú˵˵껰ɷݹȻһߣˢһ˲١
һṦ򣬺Ҷ˱Ǵﵽ˹ķΧ֮ڡ
һ죬ҷһ֮£һֻСĻɫƣҶһץȥܴһҵĺХ֮
״Ҷ˫ĿһͷҲصĺ˼ȭӰһУȭӰֽͬıѶֻô΢΢һͣǼҶץȥ
߽׹Ȼ÷۳ĹҶɫص˵ţңңһ㡣
һɫصһײ˴֮ϣǵɫǿĽֻɢȴҲҶɵһЩʱ䣬߽һʹ˾ָͨſֵס
ٺ٣Сӣ˵Żɷȭһɷӿܴ֮ʩչʲôͨ
У۳һСȭӰϯȵƣҶһҶȥ
ͬʱںҵͷϿգһֻСٴγֻ֣ǣ˿̵ǰȫͬ·ѹֲԼ両ֳһööɫģһ֪һܲСͨ
һȭһƣ֮ϯ֮Ҷɺȥ״Ҷɫһ䡣
ǰһǰ޴˷ʩչͨӿֲסᱻãʱսӣ¶аᡣ뵽Ҷɲ˫Ŀһ


195 ֮
УһȭһƼҶɣǺɷӰҲԽԽֻҪҶɱסȻҪá
һᣬǰٷɶݵҶɣȻһתΣ˫һ̧һֻйϼһವһһֻĽɫ⽣ֻ޴նȥ
ֵֻ֮ڣ۵һһˮͰϸİɫһϯǿҰϢŰȭӰϡ
ЩҶһ֮ɫĿżٽӽĶˣ䴢һĶȥ
¡¡ҵı
йϼ˸˺С³İɫȭӰɢСһȦ漴һģĺ˺ɷ
ʲô޳𣿾ȻϹŰ׻ıͨߣǸޡ˵ŻɷһŲæٴκȭӰ
һߣǿƱĽιУȴǽǾ޴ƣͬж״͸źһնȥ
ףǴ˵еնˣܹȻСüͷһ˵ͬʱһ˵һǰһС
һһ˸ŵâĳǹǽι׵һɢ˵ҶСĹδ˺Է˿ȴҲǳɹƬ̡
׷ףһ䣬΢΢һ㶣
˿̵ҶɣѾԶԶӳ˶Ԥľ룬Ҳ֪ģٿĳ棬Ϊһ׺ۻʣ󴫳һɹɰɫ쭷磬ȥ졣
СӾʲôܣУһҪץʣӲʩչȫƺץסˡɷһص˵
ԣҲǵ˵ͷݹһֱӻΪƿնȥҲ֪ǰ˶١
ˣҲǸձҶɿһ˿ѣⲻĶ˰ľĴ˷ӵʼʵڲϷˣӦֱȫֽ²Ŷԡ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵ʲôڵķţǾӲҲܺٶȷŻ֧˰ɣɷһ߷ɶţһЦ˵
ԼôһٷĹһϿգһɫӰһģļǣ࣬һ˫Ө͸İɫᡣ
棬һɫëһɫ쭷磬ٴһṦ򣬺Ҷ˵Ӱһ
ãԽԽٶ죬ʵ̫ķѷȥò˶þͻᷨʧġҶһǵ˵
ǰʹնƬ̣Ҷ֮£Ǽæʹոյõտʼ仹һ˷֮ɫû뵽پȻ֮ࡣ
Ͼ˱ûǿд߶ķѷټһֱʩչŷɶ֮Ҷ˼Żָĸ߼ҩҲԶԶߵġ
һԥҶɵһ䣬һöЩϼĻɷУŷ֮һ㡣
۵һɫɢĿϼһ֮±ǰסҶɣ˲ģգʧ
һѣ֮УҶɺȻһɽϿգʹϵõŲƷ
˿û֮ͣ⣬˫һȣ˵һɫ쭷һҶɵֱӻΪһâļɫȴЩ԰
׷ĺҶˣȻɫһ䣬ãŲƱ¿Щ鷳ˣٶȣŲƼεĻױӳҵʶӦΧ죬һܵڤ϶˵껰ƴ߶ݹ⣬һֵӡһ㡣
˵һݹһٵ˼֣ɷӰ˦
ԶҶɵνʧһṦ򣬺ȻһƬƽԭϿգֻɫӲ԰
޷ݹ⣬ֻƾʵʩչɶ֮ҶɵǿԳܣӳֶ٣ټŲƴͣҶЩֲס
ƺҪ˺һľʹÿһ缡ϴֻؽҧâʥǴ󷨴߷˼£Եֿҵ֮
ڼٷɶݵĺҺȻɫһ䣬ãӳ˸Ӧ룬ʧȥϢ
䣬ǼǰɶݣһṦƺٴθӦҶɣɵһϲ
һ̣ЦһҶٴʧʶӦΧ֮ڣɶãҲûиӦҶɵĴڡ
Ƭ̹򣬺ҵһƬ֮ϣ˫ĿһյϸӦһᣬ˫Ŀһһ֮ɫ
ವһԶƿһ𣬺ɷǿ˿Ƭ漴üͷ΢Ŀ˿ңˣ
ԣҵ˵ͷεŲƱһڴ˴ʧģҲ̽ΣҲûзִӵϢ
СӾǶô죿һСʿȻӵǱ֪Цɷ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҿЦһҡͷֲǣӦϷɶݱӳ֮£ǿֵҶ˵Ķ١
κϻŲƱһǻ׷ϣ˼һֻȥǹĶǶȥ׷
ҲǣСӹŲԶˣҲҪ׷ˣȥʵڤϽãɷüͷһ˵
һԥ΢ЦʵĻ²̫׵Ѿ׷ˣҲ¶ˣ˵ǿʼȫ׷
Сӣʹ˹ȵĵαԶݶӣֵܶ˸޷׷
ãÿ¶ܵͰ˵İ졣ɷһЦƺǰʧо顣
˿̣ں·֪ĵطһСĿյһɫӰϥ
ֻɫ԰ף΢ǻŵѪһöͻͻԾʧķɵ¶һϧ֮ɫ
ӰҶɣȫʩչϢ˿±ϵĶ˷֡
ʱϺȻҵٺ٣û뵽СӹȻںףܲ˰ɣҿ㻹ԹԵ־ܣԣҶɫһ䡣


196 
˵ԼҶҲûиϢתͣȻظӦŶ˵Ķ
Ҷɵʶ޽ӽ߽ףԼ˵£ϢԼӦñ׷ֵģΪԼڵӦҲЩģȻǾȽԶ
һṦǺɷ㷢Сˣ
Ĭãҵ̾ϢҲ̽һˣСӦԶˣ߰ɡ
ԣҶв˿ȴǲ˿⣬Ϣתָͣŷûм뿪˵أϾҶҲǷȥ
ֱ֮Ҷɸоûʲôһָʩչ˶ݵ֮Զƶȥ

ºһƬԭ֮ϣһɫӰԵһܴƬ֮󣬱ǷųһҶ״ķз֮Զȥ
ˣҶɡ
ڷз֮ϣҶ΢˫Ŀһ˼֮ɫ
벻ɽڸЩҲҶ֣ʱ޷ȥˣû취ƽԪҶЩΪѵ˵
£ػƳҩֵػһֻһЩŲУЩҩҲṩҶȴǲȥԣϾԼƽԪһ⣬;ٿɾ鷳ˡ
ǵ߽ףǿһֻͨҩʦ֮ͨԵеûʲô̫ôȴõϣȥʹõػ鷳
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷɿŷзһתݷȥ漴˫ĿһգǴ

ݣ⼸˵طһЩ΢ı仯ԭʵ൱Ĵƺб
ңΪһ⣬ԪХȥʿȫ䣬һ겻ʵٲСģȴȻռһĵλ
ʿڶǧڣƺЩԣһЩɢҲѷ֣ǧڣѲǰʵ
һԹնƵŴ򽣸ƺǳΪĴ֮ףƮڣȻЩ飬ǽͷһĴڡ

ҩȣһԹһɫЩӣƬ̺ݹһ𣬱Զȥ
һº򽣸ĳ侲֮ڣӰУһŰµ꣬ʮӣ򽣸
һˣһߣҩȳֵˣңϣ
ʱ򣬻Ͽ˿һ֮ɫ˵ǻƹȻ˿ϷӣȥҪһֵҩ֪ڱչء
Ϸ֮ãƹûгҿǲңȷ˵꣬¶һ֮ɫ
ǺǣضƹΪ㻹˽𣿼ǰʱһˣݾһԪ۷ҩʦ
Ժõĵط̫ˣԣһЩͲΪˣҪԴΪأǰΪǧڵ顣˵꣬Ȼɫһ
ŶǧڣǧѰϹǺʵѵ춯ݣһ仰ʲô˸ҲӣˣϷȥѵһüͷһ˵
ԣ񲻽аЦ۵ϸǧѰϹĶ֣ǧѰһֱԣֻǱԼѹİˡ
ǧһֱ䣬ңҲҶԿԭΪңѹ˳򽣸ԣǧǲ𣬲ŻңȸŭԣϿͿġ
΢΢һЦҲûеƣ´֪Цд⣬ǲҲ⼸չˡ
ΣǧʲôͼıǧѰϹһֱʶʱ񣬲Ϲ˳ңԣҸоǧݣûʲôڵıҪˣоأ
ʲô˼ǣһ٣ϵϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ

ºݱͬһ㰲ʿѾԻŵебǱޡ
ң򽣸ƺƵЩֱפ򽣸󣬾ݴţ˼Ʈɣ򽣸ֹ
ҩȣ֮ڣһȵ߶ţһΪҲǴﵽڶ塣
棬һ꣬Ӷʮ꣬Ƥ׾ٿ㣬һ˫֮оһ˿ɣ֮⡣
߿˿꣬Щϣ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷѣ겻Ϊ־ٰλصݣ֪ν£
Ŷֻ·￴ƹ˳Щ飬ƹһ¡赭д˵һ䣬ˣҶɡ
ţҶѷģ˵ᣬϷ֪ƹĽ飬ǰ֪ͨ˻ƹٺ٣ǻ˱ˣϷͿˡֱͯˬ˵˿ûйĨǵ˼
лͯˣҶ˵һ䡣
ڱչأǰʱңȵĹǰƹûмģ⣬˷ҪЩ׼ͯϻû˵꣬ſڱǹϼһ߽һӰ
ǻƹ˿̣һЦĿҶɡˬһЦĿڵҶˣܲģͯϣȥæɣʱˡ˵꣬ͯЦЦ
ˡ˶٣ͯϿһҶɣҶѣģǣ˵껰ͯϱ뿪˴
ƹߵôæûüƹкҶɿƹ΢΢һЦ˵֮ʱƹİˡ
ڻԼǴеİ׷ħͷ֮ʱ¸ңƹȻȫԼҶɶڻƹһֱим֮ġ
ҶѣǶ⼸ҶȥÿɺãƹЦ˵ȥõӡ
ͷƹǹˣ»ã⼸һֱݵģˣƹ˷Щ飬Ҫƹһ˵꣬Ҷһ֣֮ɫ


197 ڤŭ
Ҷһ֣صӣƹһ㶣Ҷ˵ʲô£޷ֻҪϷõģȻƴǡ
ԣҶһůƹȻˣݣҵҿŵˣҲֻлƹˡ
뵽ҶɫһɣЦƹҲûʲô£ֻҪȡһãڼ䣬Բκ˴ŷֺ
˻˵꣬ɵûƹ΢΢һ㶣Լòܽȥۿģƹȴûж룬üͷһչЦЦ
ٺ٣ҵʲô£ڰ첻ɣҲû취ˣҶѷıǣһʲôġƹҲûҶʲôҩЦŴӦ
״Ҷ΢ԥƬ̣аԵ˵ͷ·ʲôһ㡣
ƹ뵤ʲôɣͲ֪Ƶʲôҩ𣿡ҶɺȻЩصЦЦ
⣡ƹЩɻĿ˿ҶɣҶѼȻ˵϶ЩѴϷֺȥʣ˵뷨ϷȻеġ
һЩҪҩҲϡٵĻȻһĵطϷҲϲ˴ŵġ
ƹȻ£ҲƵĶǽԪ˵꣬Ҷ˫ĿһеĿ˿ƹ
ƹһȻʲô𣬽ԪѵҩʦˣҶǣƹƺҶɽȤƺҪԶԶڶԽԪĹע

ҩĳ䵤֮ڣǵѺƹǴܵأҩ˵νɭϣĪ˵ˣҩȵĳϣûйƵʱ򣬶ǲý롣
ҶɵӰڴ˼䵤֮ڣ˫Ŀ΢е¶һ˼֮ɫ
˵Ԫ飬ҶҲ̣Сڴڣһ߽׳֣ԼҲԴݶˡ
οҩȲûи߽ףҲ֪ԼŽڵС֣ƹὫϢȥԪģϾҶɴӦǷݡ
˵ҶҪʹһ䵤ѡһ߼ˣϴԪǻƹҲûںӡ
Ҷ֮Ը߻ƹһǻƹȷֵǵĲûƹţģ㣬ƹ֪ǽԪἫӣԼҲ˵ġ
ȻҶɷĵ˵ƽԪҪһ㣬ǾǻƹûƣвֶҶɵġ
ǻƹԼнԪĲϣ¶ҶɴΪƣԪǵȸ߼ҩһӡ
ϣ˿̵Ļƹһ֮ɫڵ֮⣬ͬȹϵһ㣬ضȲͣȥԼƵҩҪŵӡ
벻ҶѾȻõ˵˲ϣϷȵǣСӾȻ׵Ʒҩʦƹҡͷ˵
Ҳ֪ܳɹƳţϷ룬ȥչһ½ԪĵԼϣлҶƵģϾЩġ
û뵽ҶˣҶѵҲֱˬ֮ˣŵùϷ򣬹Ȼûпٺ١ƹ˵꣬ƺЩģ漴ɽԸȥ˶ʱҩȹرڣκ˲ý롣

ƹżӣҶɲ֪˿̣һ󶦣ǵػ֮ϻתͣϰڷһѸҩ
Ҷ̧һ㣬һҩ֮УһɹҩɢҶһ֮ɫ
˷ƣҶɿν׼㣬ͨҩ׼ֻ࣬ҩݣѩԪÿֻꡣ
ˣڶ෬ѯ֮£ҵִ֮ƼöƷϤַӳɵļʡ
ΪҶѽƷҩʦڰºһööԲĵҩǱƳɵڰٷ֮ʮϡ
ЩƷƳɹҶı¶רע֮ɫ׼ʽʼƽԪ
΢ĬƬ̣Ҷ˿漴̧ŽԪһ㣬ವһһâֻаصĽԪݣֳΡ
ţҩϹϼһǷ˴֮ڣಣһҩҲһɶ𣬽Ŷڷȥ
Ϊ֮ǰʹô֮˶ΣҶɵİգƳɹһöԪġ
ʮչֻصһ죬ǵҩը¯ⲻҶɫһ䣬ЩȻӡ
ڷ֣ƺζҩӽ֮ҩںϵ֭ҺҲòһˣҪĻԼʱĳ̣ǰƷͬⲻҶЩ
ǰǰ˷ʱˣԪȻҩģĪ˵Чƹ̶ͬ˵껰Ҷϸһƹ̣Լʧܵԭ
СյĹҶ˫Ŀһһ߿ŵػһ潫һҩ֮Уʼ

ħţĳ侲֮ڣڤһŭ֮ɫ˫ĿĶźɷˡ
߽ףһڵСӶתסߣΪЩѻϻǣ
ڣ˾Ȼ˵ɶ֮ܳܵסڷɶ֮Ī˵Ϸδ
˵ʲôɶݱ︨мֿţټһöŲƷҲӵóǶ˵С
˷Ϊŭ˵ǱĪ˵ݣõݶǣҲǶĴڣָħأħδͳһϣ˱ٵˡ
ߣҿǸûİ£Ϸһٽʵһ㣬ƻĪҪϵԼ˵˵ôǡڤһٱѵƺζЩ
ĬƬ̣죬ڤϣǲţҲû취СȴӵˣǺҲ˽¡
صɽˣץҲûʲô취˵ǣҿǵڤϽץסԼʶһǱ̬Ķֵ֮ôãԺԹԡ
ԣڤüͷһ壬ߣܰŵİڶˣɽǱѾϢûлȥ
ֻǰװ˷εĻᣬٸһĻᣬ϶ʮڵӣǸĵص㣬Լפ赲סصɽڵȥ·ҾͲţСˣߣ


198 չ
ºҩȣĳ䵤֮ڣ
Ҷһ֮ɫĿŵػ𣬲ʱܳһɫ棬һڻ֮ϻת
֮ϣһҩֻǲ˽Ԫݣѩζҩ
һṦҶ˫ĿһУֳ̧Ŵңңһ㣬һ죬һһŨҩ㴫˳֮һڣƣͶƺһЩǱóӯ
ţವһһţ۴СӯӯԲҩҶɵǰɫ壬һ֪ǷƷ
ٺ٣ãһҲɹˡ˵꣬Ҷ¶֮ɫҩһֻƿ֮󣬱˼
⽫µƣҶɽþӦùʮŽԪֻǳʧ̫ߣֻǳɹƳŶѡ
ȻҶɼ㣬ԼãӦƹĽԪҲ䣬ǶĿŽԪԼҲʣŵģټ֮ǰǧѰ͵ģԼһöԪõʮʯ
˵͸ƹţҶҲЩ᲻ãȴǲû˸ı⣬ƹ͸ԼԪʱ򣬿üͷδգһ£Լ֮ʱԼ
ŽԪ˵۸񲻷ƣϾԼˣ֮ѣҶҲû̫ƽʲô
򿪽ƣʯһҶ߳һȻ֮ɫ
ſڴƹЩӣضȲͣݿȥҲЩ㲣ʯŴ򿪣æҶǰ
Ҷѣ˷ƣǳɹˣ˵껰ƹһ֮ɫĿҶɡ
״Ҷɲ΢΢һЦܸоʱƺƹԼҪۡƹģŽԪ˵һźѽ׵ģ˵껰Ҷ΢Цĵݹȥһֻƿ
ԣƹЩ¶ŨŨ˷֮ɫڵ⣬ĳɹˣ벻ϷҲ˽ϣ
ƹЩֵĸƿƺǿ˿֮һ㣬Ҳѹ˼֮УܹһεõŽԪĪ˵ĴҲǲģֱͬһ㡣
һ̣ƹȴЦһգѹѹĵ׵ļһ֣صĵҶԼɹϷܲΪԼӰѽ׵ġ
ңϷʵûʲôԪֵĶһƬҶ¡
ԣҶüͷһ壬¶һ˿ɫƬԼݵʱ򣬵ȷǶıˣԼϣʵڲȱʲôģοһƬ
æֹƹĶҶ΢΢һЦƹóһƬֵ̫Զˡ
жһͣƹɫһɵðҡͷЦȷˣԪϷ޸ˡ˵껰ƹĽƿҪݸҶɵӡ
ƹԪ͸ģóʲôｻ˵ĻҲ̫СҶˣ˵꣬ҶһϵĿ˿ƹ
ҶɵĻƹһ㶣漴ȡƬҶɼʵ޷ѣҲƹЩݳˡ
˵Ϸ֪߾ټ۸񣬵ϷıҲЩĵġˣҶ׼ʱԳƿƹЦ˵
ԣҶϰɣȻ˽ԪҲٵʲô
ãϷҲд⣬ҩȵѰ׵ͽ׼չء˵껰ƹҶɣʯȥ
תǣһ俴ͨʯңƹȡһöɫһ৵һ£âһʯ֮˲һš
ǰһĻҶɲûоȣϴαƹǰ鸮չعģֻʱõԪ
һ뵽ԪҶɱЩЦ˵ɵǺǵҪƾ˵ƿҶɲɵð̾һʶ
תһ룬Ҳ㲻û£ϾùԪĻٳƿ֮ʱҲһЩɹʡ
һţ˱ǽͬԴ鸮ɽ޳ȺԶƬһ
ҶѣϴҾͲʲôˣٺ٣ֻϣ˳ƹ΢Ц˵һ䡣
ԣҶɵͷһЦҲףԸƹ˳ס˼˼䣬ƹЩȲ뿪˴˴
״ҶҲûж˵һߣϴαչصĵطٴβ˼󷨣ֻ˷÷߲öɣƽ˼֡
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ǧѰϹͷҵȹϵȻǣʵ㣬ǧڴ˷ؽԸͶǵģңȻȫߣɱ⣡˵꣬¶һЦݡ
ǧڣɵŭһԼͶңȣġ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢Уú޷ӦɵЩɻ
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ռڣҶɸո뵤֮ڣ漴һ䣬ˢһһֻƿУɽ֮ʱԼƵĻָҩ
һžƿһɣһŨҪɢŵɫԲҩȻҶɵǰƿһۣҶɱǽƿ
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ҶЩʱЩȻķ֣ŵҩǳǿ֮ϣұܲͣ任Ĺϼ建תȥйɣȺгȻ


205 ô
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ηΧ׷ɱңУѵ˵ҵʦֵܣôȺģ˵һ仰ʱҶ΢΢һ죬˫ȭһա
һĻ棬ҶɵԺ֮У壬ǬѣΪԼȴǱ򽣸½ϣһƱ
뵽ҶһϢͽȻһţһ죬˫ĿŨŨĶˡ
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ҩ֮⣬ƹɣС˻Сǰһ壬˸Էųǳɱһ
Ҷɣһ˿ɻ֮ɫɲǰ֮Ǹ׳գԼҲʵڲ֪к̡
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ǽɫשĿ⣬Сӣϯƿ֮񷭷ŭҶȥ


206 Ѫ
ַ̧ųһɫ׾ٵĽɫשֵס漴תֿ˿ƹ
ƹٸһᣬֳҩȻüĻҩȣ¾޷סˡ˵꣬һгӡ
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ԣҲһ㶣öƵʱ򣬶ǲԼͬסеĹɫѿӡ
״Ҷ˿Ǽ˵治ʶ»ЩѰ졣
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㣬ʹţ˵ʵ
ߣǰʩչɽնɽڹնҲûдͨǿ
ɽڵõһЩôΪһ𣿼ݣҲһ仰顣
ֻҪʮʦֵǰһҲûϣҶ˵꣬ɫһ䣬Ȼ¶˾֮ɫ


207 ֮
⣿Ͽ˿ȻЩǵӣٸҼȥ
ԸҶɣЦڵҶɾͺñʹһҶ֣ɽڶţݶڡ
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ҶɸоһɿֲĲͷȻγɣͷȥ·Ѫɫȫ۵һ㣬ҷ๾֮γһѪɫ
״Ҷֳ̧Žɫשһ㣬ע룬Ѫɫȥ
۵һ
ɫשոմѪɫҶɱɫ΢䣬שǱѪʴСӡ
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ǾͻѪ֮аɣ˶ãҩȣҲͽݳʧˣϧһҩʦˡ
ԺƵҩǸ⣬Щ᲻նɱƹҲֻˣҪ֣͹Լѡ·ɡɫ˵
ʱѪ֮УѪɫԽԽɫҲԽԽޣʵһ㣬һɹļµĲɢĻڿ
Ҷѣ⣿ƹ޲ߣС಻ʱ³һɫѪɫĻȴǲʲôЧ
״Ҷɫһ¶֮ɫ֮󣬱ſһ磬һĺɫСһģĳ˰֮С


208 ׷
Ҷڽֻɨһۣû̫⣬Ѫĸʴ֮ɲһķ׵ֵġ
СӣͰɣҪ׷ˣ߻Ц˶󣬷·ڿһ㿴Ҷɡ
Ҷδţֳźڽһ㣬˵һϼһʢ£ȻΪľ޽
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嵽Ѫɫ򸽽һɴ̱ǵѪζС壬Ҷ˫ץźڽȥ
۵һ
ɫשһ㣬׵رǴ˹֮ڣ๾֮һʴ֮õ˺ڽ֮ϡ
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һṦԭ쳣Ѫɫ򣬾ǱҴðһɫݣƺһ㡣
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ʱǿðݵĺɫ򣬺Ȼһ̣ۿɼٶ̼ǻΪޡ
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⣬ҶѵĶȻ֮죿ҡͷ̾ϢһƹǷתһת򽣸ɶݶȥ

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ڣ񣬻ϣˣüͷ壬ɫѿһµӡ
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״Ҷ˫ĿһУԼǲԷ÷ڤɻ꽣ȥ֪᲻ٴνԼķһա
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210 Ա֮
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״Ҷһವһһɫɽ󷽷ȥ漴һת֮£һնȥ
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Լɫޱ䣬ݺݵضҶɵȻ㲻ŹĳҲɡ
䣬ɫ΢΢һ𣬱ĿϼವһҶһնȥͬʱһڹ⼤Լ俴һŽӲӵԪԶȥ
һݺݵﴫ
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ĳ룬Ҷɸոȡһɫ޽âһȻҶֲನϯȥдһ֮
ȫһҲûֲܣѪֲ֮٣·浱һ޴ӣͬˮĿֲˣһ
״Ҷɫһߣ΢΢һһɫ쭷ϯλΪһɫӰʧֻһ׺ǱƵĿֲдж
һߣԭΪԱܹشҶɣܹԼſ԰Ȼѡ
Ȼ벻ǣոտƷԱӳ˲䣬ϵڤ񽣣Ȼһһͳ֮
ţɫϼϯͬɫɷһոҪǸоһ޷ܵľ޴Ž𵤣ǰѿֲĺɫⲻвѣսľ


211 ѻѹ
һƬɽ֮ϣҶɵӰգɫ԰ףһϢ󽵣ҲȥЩǱӡ
Ҷɶ漫ԶһƬ΢ĹϼҵԪɢ·ʲôֲĴսһ㡣
ĬãҶһص˵벻߽׷ԱȻ˿ֲܣǲʱӳĻ궼ᱻ÷顣
ԶɢҶɶݹһǻ֮ط˹ȥ
ǰĵشֵһľ޿ӣҲһƬǽ壬ɽʯ飬
ĿԶһģڵ棬һѺɫ͸ţΪ˵ؽԶȥʬֻЩΣûȫ飬ӦǱڤɻ꽣ˡ
һҶһģĳʬһ̧࣬һУವһڤɻ꽣΢΢һ𣬱ǳҶɵС
âһɫѸСһģʧʬ֮ϣһâವһһֻҶһץֽ౦֮
һһŻ۵һʬ֮ϣҶǶݹһ𣬳ĳȥ

ǧڣܽƹִ󿪣򽣸ңȣƮȻأûǧκӳ
Ϊǰǧڣ˻֮ǧҪͻΧǧѰܱסʿϣ¼ǧһЩϣֵΧ֮¡
ҲûţĳһνйǧκδϢֱ֮ƣ飡
ǧڴڣǧѰһЩڳ·Щüͷ壬Щһɻ֮ɫ
ĬƬ̣ϿǧѰȻλŶڣֻһЩڵӣԼͽʿҵȲ糢ͻΧ
õģǿԴһ·һ˷أҵϣûˣ춨ᡣ
Ҳ޳ͻΧڣΨһİ취ˣҪȻĻǧһҲʣµġ³üͷһ˵
˸㼺е޳ͻΧ˴㾲䣬ˣ޳ͻΧģһЩԳЩʵˡ
ĬƬ̣ǧѰɨһˣ˫Ŀһе˵һͻΧǾʹҵȷǧڵĻҵʹסҲʦ
ƴǻӦػǧڵģ˵δؾûл·ġ˵꣬ǧѰ¶һ˼֮ɫ
Ŷѵмƻ˵һ䡣
ԣǧѰ̾ϢһƻûУ뿪ã֮ǰȥӦˡ
ϲĻʲô鷳ǰʱҩȷӦ˽ףֻϷɣǻƹףҲӦûӰģ
ǧѰ˵꣬˲¶˼֮ɫ

ʮպ򽣸
˿¥һ㣬ŵڳϣһЩʿǲӰ·֪һܣҲк³һ㡣
ڣȴӰУڴм䴦һߵӯӯɽڱɽ֮ڣһŻ״Ķܹ֮ڣһŽӲӵԪ
һСɫߣʸ˱ɽһӡ
ҶɣƹԼС࣬Ǳɽڱס֮ǻϵꡣ
ٺ٣Ҷѣ벻ʵȻһ㰡ȻˣϧĳղɣˣƹһҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
޷ҺлңʣһˣҲƲʲô˵ģƹٻɣҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣƹЦһɫ˲䲼˺⣬ߵ˱ɽʱ㻹˵ʵ𣿡
΢ĬƬ̣ǱɽŻɫŰڣȻ˻ϵֻЩ㲵ӡ
λǸջʱϷѾ˵ܶˣ˵ģʱΪϷƭıҪ
ǺȸϷȥ֮˲٣ϷȥƵҩҩȵ죬ҲƹϷһ֮£ȥҩȵ鷳
ûб˼ûŮºϷʹֻǴ˼ӣǿ򼸿ѡһ䣬ҶƹǳĬ
ߣȻˣϷֻѻˡ˵껰ƹһҶɣҶǳС˵ͷ
ѻҶɵ˵ֻ״μѣһͬǺģǿסԷڶԷ£Լʶ֮뵽Է֮У鿴Էļ䡣
һ㶼Ǹ߽׶ڵͽѻ꣬Ҷǿѻ꣬ͽ׸ûκη֮ǿѻĻڶԷмˡ
ȻҲӤǰĳ׸ˣһЩǿʶ֮ԶһЩͽʿ֪Ľѻ꣬趯ǿġ
һĹ򣬻ƹɫ̾Ϣһɽ֮ڣֻʣһŹâĽ𵤣ϵ꣬ȴǱƹɱˡ
ôҶһ䡣
ԣƹҡҡͷ˵ȷʵûмٻģҲ֪£Ǻȸ˽Ϊû֪ͨϵġ
ŶǰȥңȣﲢδҵȸġҶüͷһ˵
Ҷѣ֪ǰҽѻ֪򽣸ңȣƮڣֹǧڡ
󲿷ֶǧңȣԼ򽣸ûʲô˵ģǺȸþǧǱߡƹ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɵͷȻˣǧڿǱݣҵӦȥǧȥҺȸˣ򽣸½ϣȺҼλ֮ˣӦҲġ
ǧڵûйݣΪǻûü֣ҩǵ鷳ˣҲãȥǧڰɡ
ٺ٣֪Լӵӣ֪ǻкηӦ˵껰˲򽣸ѹһǧڷȥ


212 
ǧڣ
򽣸ңȡƮǧΧˮйͨƺֻӣ˭Ҳûȫֵ˼ȴҲǧ˲ҷɣλӶǽŵĿŴ
Χŵľ۵һΪλһЩദҲٱ濴ల¡
Щ򽣸հȻΪĹϵһߣ򽣸ϣ
˿̣Ӱһ֦չŮӣƮڴϣ˽һ£һʮ׳ңȴɽһ׶ӣңһϺȸ
ңɽϿ˿Цѣλ˼࣬ʧȥʲô£ôһϢҲûУ
ԣŮҲüһ壬Щɻӡ
ٺ٣ɽѣ֪ΪεԼʵģϷǲµģ֪ӿɷ֪˵꣬˿Ůӡ
ȡЦˣλѶ֪飬֪ġŮ΢Ц˵ȥ
ǵҲλʵĪ˵ݣȥһЩСݣҲԲʲôģǾžͺá
λһǾȫǧڣʱݾͶǵˣٺ١ʱ׶Ӻȸ΢΢һЦҡͷԵ˵
ţ˻ǲ٣ǧڣھûʲôвˣЩǧڵĵˣٺ٣򽣸һ˿û֮˵
ԣȸҪӿʲôȻɫһ䣬һɱ⣬ĵĪֻоƺһ㡣
תĿʶһɨȴûκη֣ⲻЩɻ
ףɫ̫ÿѵʲô飿ü˵һ䡣
ȸȴûиӦʲôΪʶ֮ޣûиӦԶҶƹˣƹȴӦ˺ȸĴڣεؽɱⲻ¶Ҳѹֺȸûˣ͸Ӧɱ
ںȸҪڵʱԶƿ֮˾ĿȥֻݹŴ˴ܹԦݹģʣǼˡ
ݹ⼸ĳǰ¶Ӱʱ򣬺Ȼɫһ䡣
ƹЩҶ֮ʱЩǽϳɵ¶֮ɫԼĿ־壡
ף׷ħͷ
ǰ׷ħͷʶˣ
㻹˵˼ڿʼ߽ף㲻ˣ
ô죿ھܵУڽڣûܹƷˡ
УҵΧҪϿ߲С
ϷҲ빲Χʧ㣡
ߣʲôôˣ߽ףҲֲʲôô
һսľ˳Ҷ֮ƺȿǧѰҪ£Ҳѹ˷ӦǰҶɵʵ̫
ЩûӹҶɵʶȴǲδᣬЩΧ¹Ҷ֮ˣҲûȥ׷ʲô
˿̣Ҷƹڷͷϣ⼸ҶҲİΪհǧڣȥμɶ֮ʱǼ⼸λӵĳϡ
ƹ˿ȸϺһȸСŮٻʲôطǶһ£ϷҪʬΣϿ˽
˿̣ƺʲôңȴɽԼԤʿǲۼȸ룬˵Զ
״ȸɫһ䣬æƣƹ³çƹǹǵģһҲȥҩȵġ
ߣСŮ䣡ݵ÷ϻƹϢͽȻһʢ̧źȸһָ
۵һ
ȸɫһףѪβĹ˵ϣȴһãȻ֮ɫ
ǰʲôҶʵش𣬻ٻС㵱ҲֻŻһ£ûиĶ֣ǰ죬ǰ˵ŻȸСװĿͷֹ
֮ҲЩԻ֮ɫƹʱ׵ģ׷ħͷǺʱ׵ģôܵһʵЩ˼顣
ʵߣƹһû뵽ʱ仹ӲһģǺȸԶδһſ˵һҲ֪
ʱ򣬻ƹʶһ˺ȸʱ֮ڣʼ鿴ļ䡣
Ҷǻɨɨ֮ˣգĿⶨ򽣸ϡ
볤ϣʲôҪʵش򽣸½ںδΪ򽣸ûҲûӰӣҶɫһ˵½ϣǵɱǬ֮ˡ
ԣһ㶣Ҷ֪򽣸û½ϣѵ֮ǰȥһ˿֮ɫ
ףҶǰ½ϼǰʧ٣κѶ˵꣬ͷȴǲ˺ˮ
˵Щ˼һΧһ߽ףԷ϶ֲô˼׼ɱеһҲԿӶӲңǰ߽ףû֮ǰǡ
ʧˣʲôʱ飿ҶЩɻʵ
ǰڣڣʧĲãһɣΪΪǰΪС˵Ǿ仰ħͷˡ
Լ뿪ݣǾ½նɱǬ˵ĵ죬֮󲻾þʧˣزôɺϵġ
µأѵʧˣҶüͷһʵ
ԣæͷҶǰո𣬸ץס˵Ǽϣӣȫʧˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬˼ֲ²⣬Ŀǧڵķһ˼ӡ
ʱƹɫĳҶɵǰдŨŨɻ֮⡣
֣ȸûץٻǡ˵ƹһ٣ҶԣЩӡ


213 ֮
Ҷƹɻ󣬺֮ʣȻǧڶݳһӰȴǲûзɳ󣬵Ҷƹ֮󣬵¶֮ɫ
ҶҶѣƹǰ˴ţϷ򻹲̫ţ벻Ƕˡ˵ӰŴ󣬶Ҷɶ˵
״Ҷɿ˿ߣ΢΢һЦ˵ǧѰɺã˵꣬Ҷɿ˿ˣһ
ǧѰȻҶɵ˼¶һ˿ɬҡҡͷĿĴ
ҶѻڼǺϷ򡣡ǧѰ˵꣬һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ٺ٣Ǻ޵̸ϣϾ֮ûʲôϸˣҶ˵꣬Ҳɫһӡ
ƹҲǴ׶֮һЩ飬ûвʲô
΢ĬƬ̣ǧѰɫò˼ã·ʲôһ㡣
ҶѣϾҲǧ֮ˣ˵ΣϷдȣ죬Ըǧ֮λ㣬Ա֮⡣ǧѰ˵꣬һ֣֮ɫ
ԣһЩϵɫһ䣬Щ֮ɫƹҲ΢΢һ㶣תһ룬˿ܵļҲһЩʲô
ҶҲһ㶣漴ЦһڵлǧѰĺˣ˼Ҷĳ˽⣬޷ǰǧڽΧˡ
˵ҲðǧڳֵģϾǧλϣŶԳ֣׷ɱµģҲΪǧڣѾˡ
⣡ǧѰ죬û˵ʲôһЩϣҲҡͷʵûҪҶʲô˼Ҳȷǹ˼ˡ
򽣸Ŵ˻Ҳ˿һֱ˰ǧӳΧȻҶ˵֣ǧȻ޷ġ
˿ǧѰı飬Ҷ΢΢һЦڵڵǧѰһŵҩķϣԼڽӣ˷ͰǧһΡ
ʲô࣬лҶѴǧѰһж֮ɫҶɿóǾԲװġ
ԣһƬȻĵ飬Ƿˣһԥ򽣸ǿˡ
Ҷǰһ棬ǰʲôΧ򽣸ţܿͻϣǰһ£پǷ֣Ȼû˼˵꣬ЩŵĶҶɡ
ǧԣҲǽҶλ߽׳֣Ȼ
ǧѰǽҶɣ˵ʱع飬ҶƹˣǸսײõӣ˻ԼҶƹҲֵס˵ģЩͷԵˣ¶ֵġ
ȻʱҶɿˣŷ΢΢һЦ
˭˵ҪˣҶɻ䣬ǧ˱̾Ϣһ˿룬Ҷһ仰㾪
֣ǧҲʲôΣģҲصǵʲôˣʵǣƹǽ֡
Ʈӵ䲻֮⣬ѾˣڣǸϿԼĳ·ɣǺǡҶɵûж󣬵ȴ羪һ㣬ը˵Ķ
Щ˵һЩˤЩ¶֮ɫҲЩϴɻȻǲ̫ŵӣƾҶɶˣλһӣֱЦ
ҶҶǰ˻棿ʳ˴ҵ
ŲǣԸٴμţҲûǿҪãǧԺ󣬻ôԸǣϿ·ɣǷͶǧڡҶ˵껰ƹһۣǧڷȥ
״ǧѰЩعһԥǴ˴ҶƹˣС
ǣ˿һǣ˭Ҳûгû֣һһЩѾԦŷз뿪ǧɽŴ
Ĵϣһ֮ȴûм뿪ҾȴҲûгֹ󣬼ʹ𹥣Ҳûз

ǧڴڣ
ǧѰһ԰ѾµľΣƹҶɶ˶ϣ·ǧһЩϡ
ٺ٣벻ƹҲ߽ףϲˣǧѰ˵һϴЦ⡣
лҪлҶѵĵҩĻĳҲûʲôϣˡƹ˵֮꣬˱ǾȵĿҶɣҶɿ϶ǵõ˽Ԫ
Ҷѣû뵽̵ʱڽףҲǵõ˲ٵĺôǰϷ˵ӹ֮λȷǳģϣٿһǧѰ˵
ˣҶĳɢˣϰʲôǣģĴżʧңݣҲֻǧһҶˣǧѰҲ赣ʲôġҶ˵һ䡣
˵˻ЩŵӣǧѰĿһۻƹ
ǺǣǧѰѱĳѻ֪꣬ǰȥǧ鷳Ҷ˽ײá
ߺ󣬾ǽɣҩȲѪ󣬴㽫һ򾡣ַֻˡ
ȻĳԸɣʵãɸˣ˫˫䡣˵꣬ƹ΢΢һЦ
˵赭дȴľʵЩţƹΪˣ˻֪ġ
΢˼Ƭ̣ǧѰҶɵҶѣлˣ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦҲΪ˰ǣ㵱ҽԪһ㣬նɱǣֻΪֵܱѡ
ٺ٣벻ǧѰһ֣ҶĳһǧѰҲġ
˻һǧѰһ㶡
ҶѴ˻⣿ϷûʲôġǧѰɻ˵
Ǻǣ̫࣬նɱǬ˵½ϣǱǧѰֻɱİɣ㹻ˣ˵꣬Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʲôǲҶ𣿡ǧѰҲɻ
ԣҶɵЩ֮ɫüҸջصݣ˵·ϵߺ󲻾ñˣǧڵˣ˭֣
⣡ǧѰ˶٣ϹҲΪҪʦΪϷֽ½ϵնɱ
ʧٵĲֻ򽣸½ϵˣǧڵý˵˷ϣԼӣҲһͬʧˣŴϹĻɣҵȲŲ²⵽ӦҶѳ֡
ʲôǧڵĳ϶ʧˣҶԣǸоЩǧڣʵ벻ݣ˭˱ġ
ҶЩǽΪһЩԣ˵ûʵĳնɱ򽣸ˣܲԼŵҲŹġ
ǧѰϣˣ˽ҡͷȻ֮Ī˵ҶɣǧѰҲо˹졣
Ҷɴʣһ˼£һ˽ס⼸ΨһҴߣҲֻнһˡ


214 鸮չ
һӵľڣһӣЩǷϵ˴ϣʮңЩ㲵ϣϡϳǧڽ
洦һ֮ϣһϣϴŨŨĸпкһ˿ɬ֮⡣
Ҷǰ΢˿꣬һ
ԣҶüͷ΢壬ʦ֣ҵȣƽཻã
Ǻǣ²ˣҲΪ٣޷ˣڣڷ˽磬Ҳһʮķˡҡͷ˵΢ӣȻǼĲġ
ʦ֣ڲ겻Ǹãڻ𣿡Ҷһ
ǺǣܶĻ˭أʿУҲԸﵱˡ̾Ϣ
ԣҶɫһ˵ͷ
벻ҶҶʦܽ죬û뵽Ὣ֮նɱɻصǧڣʵ
ˣ˵նɱճֵ½ϵ˻Ա𣬱ȫʧ٣ʼΪɺϣ˵¼й֮ˣʧ֮ҵǸоЩ졣Ҷ˵
ǺǣʼΪҶʦֵܳģȻ˵ģҿǬұǱΪ˹ȥ
ϧǣʬûУ㱻ǧڣǬ˵ʬѪģı˻ø׼򵥵Ĵһ¡ˣԼݽ𣿡һ䡣
ԣҶֻҡҡͷҶ˵ܸˣҶɼһֻѻ˴֮ã뿪ס
ʱҶó˼ֻƿ͸һЩ֮ҩýµ·һƿƾĵҩͿԼôѡˣҶɲ̫࣬Ͼ֮һ;̫ࡣ

ص֮УǧѰһкƹŴ֮ȥ
ǧɽ⣬ʱѳȥ˵ΧһЩˣֵǣûһ˸ҳֹǧڣǧڵǻк
ƹҶѣʱǧͣڻٻһ£ϷȻ߾ȫ̽һǧѰһ۶ˣ˵˵
ǱлǧѰˣǣƹ˵꣬ǧѰҶɿ˼䣬漴ѯһ֪ٻ֮£κν֮˱뿪ǧڡ
һºݷһޱ䣬򽣸ңȲ֪ѹһ˵λȫ䣬󲿷ڳϣԼڵͶǧڡ
ֻһٲֵˣͬţڳΪǧڵӵʦֵ׷ɱţЩ˲ǲͶǧڣ˼Ҹգԭǰնɱ̫ǧڵӣڳΪ޼ҿɹ鱻׷ɱĶ
ƮڣҲͶǧڣȴܾˣЩ˶Ůޣ˵ɻţҲ֪ǧѰкδ㣬ûƮڣŵὫƮڽġ
ݷ㷭츲صı仯ҩȴһƬͣ˶ʱҩؽϣڻƹǰҩȣǱ֮ǰǿ̫ࡣ
ٻ˵Ȼû䣬ݵɢ޶ڳѰң˵ܹҵٻˣĵҩȽһⲻȫʿ
ʱһãƹҲ뿪ʼǰ㵣ˣԼŮʵûֻңżûõˡ
ҩȵڣ
ҶɣƹУƹһöһ֮ɫĿҶɣЩŵģҶɽ֪ļҩԼһЩĵãԪĵҲС
ʱ䣬ƹҲҶһЩСæĴ̽չһЩҶҪĲϣҲ֪ҶǴʲô

ҩ鸮ڣ
Ҷɶںܲ˽ƣԭСܻһģС⼸ʱﵽ˽ڳ׶壬ҲҪˣʶȥԶ
ҩȵ⽫һʱҶɴ󲿷ʱ䣬ڵȹģ佫ֹĵҩȫ˳׼һһ
һ֣׼ļ˵Ҫ󼫸ߣҶʶǿﵽ˱׼
˫ĿʹҶɱǲʶڵĹأصҶɵٴ⵽ħ׷ɱĿǰҩ֮ڣ˵㰲ȫ
ºҶ˫ĿһԺ˼֮оûʲô©֮󣬱ǵڷתУʶҲǸһķʽ淨ת
ļ㣬һһЩԽҪԽߣҶҲûеʲô

ݣҶʧƬģӰŤţ˿ʵĪ˵ʶ޷ȴڡ
ңⶼˣѵǾһֱȥΪһڵСӣֵ𣿶˵˶ȥˡһģӰɳƵ
ԣһӰٺ٣ɽǱ߸մϢСһֱûлȥǷֵãҵȾˡ
˵ŭŵУǾԻݽĶ˵ᳬԽԼеı
ٺ٣˵ŻܷŹĪ˵ħɳ֣Ѱټ
ˣɣǶһп·أЩ룬ÿһ㣬Ļ·Ҳ״ҵƤȥ
Ŷڤϲ˵Сʵɢ˵ܹ·һ˿ܶԸɳ
õģڶѣСӳЩʵʵҵвֵһģңҵÿжһöŲƷҪ׷μһʧģٺ١˵꣬˵¶һЦ⡣


215 Ѫ֮
鸮ڣҶܵԪˮĲѰʿѷ֣ȴǼһ˿˿ʶ
Ҳ֪˶ãΧһЩֲѸٿήΪһƬݻ֮ɫ˵ȴǰЩ죬ֳŵա
Ƭ̺Ҷ˫Ŀһ˿Զһ֦ҶïܵĴ䵥һϢһ԰ĵĲȻû˴֮ڡ
һĻˣȻϼһۿɼٶȿή˥̼ҶһſݻƵɡ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ΢΢˵ͷû뵽ļȻֻϧ޷ʵ顣
ȱҲǼ󣬶ʶ֮ļֲҶӽڵʶ֮ǳʩչĻҲֻʹһζѡ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷɵһ䣬гһͭ壬ȥЩ⼣߰ߵӣǵ׹ǧ£ڵõ
ҲΪ˹ҶڵΪ۳ʶӵʶ֮Ŷνѡ
Ǿֻ̫ͣ͸ǰһС֣һЩҶɵʱûв͸ʩչļķʶʹҶ
Ҷ˫ĿһУͬС֣ʼֱһºҶɲųĳ˿ƪһ顣
׶Σǰζʶ֮ҴмΨĶΣҲһΣҶɿЩֲ
˵һĶδɣʶ֮ܽһǧ򣬸ɽڱڣоֹγԼĿһ㡣
ǵĶγɣո굤֮ʱҲ൱ֲģ˵޷ﵽǧƱˣ֮ɷֻγһЩжʶĻӰڡ
һԽ֮γһֻɫڤ˵һЩԵ˷רʿ֮
һҪƿ֮ʱɽŵ֮ЩԼֻӵжʶĻӰȫɣԴﵽ˲ǿͻƿĿġ
뵽˴ҶɱǾЩ˵ȹ˵ǿ󣬵ǼֲԽܣϾҪȥԼֻĴڣ൱ԼȫɣһЩħҲдֲġ
ҶɾԼֻǰʶĲ֣Ķò˲ĵزԼа취Ķ
ڶҶҲЩҪĸ֮ЩݿչݣҲһ򵥵顣
һ˼ҶɽԼΪҲѾﵽʥǴ󷨵ڶĽ׶Σֻϧвϲ㣬Ҳ޷ֻԺ˵ˡ
ΨһܹǷлӰˣϾ̹һ屣ͨǰݵ֮ʵ˻㣬ųƵ
лӰ㣬Ѫ֮ΪݾѪſʩչ֮ʱķѴѪ²ŻʩչķʿԪ
һгɣʩչ֮˲ϢɣŲٶȲֻ࣬ҪԶһЩŲ֮Ǳ֮ࡣȻҲҪʩΪҶΪԶԶﲻЧ
Ҫ֪һЩڵʿ˲ϢɺɣΪҲİɶѡӤϹ˲ϢɺǧɣǿֲһǿԴﵽһطȻ⻹û֮¡
һ߽׵٣ͽһ߶Ĺƫ࣬һɶ֮ʱûĲࡣ
Ҷɲ˼˫ĿһգʼѪ֮
Ҷɲ֪ǣѾݴ飬ΪݵһˣǸ߹ϵĴڣΪҶɵĹϵҩȸ˵ʵǧڣǧѰϻƹҲǷǳ

ݣɽڣ
֮ڣľӴնˣƺʲôֻɫ̫ÿӡ
ϣħŴж䣬֤ڹǻ·ϣħڳϳ׷ɱüͷһ壬˵˵һ䡣
ԣľӵ˵ͷѾ֪еı䵽ħŵС
ҲҪĴ䣬ȻħŻѰ֤û䣬˵ӵģصţҪ跨õб˵꣬ľ¶һ˼֮ɫ
Ŷͬ⣬׼ô죿ǿж𣿡һ䡣
ԣľҡҡͷ̾ϢţԽѦܲǿĻǾﻻȡ磬ԪɽڹնԼźѡˣ˵ϱֵã鱦ȡ
ʲô鱦ԣղɵ۽һȻЩԾӣ

ɽڽ𵤸󣬴ڣ
ѦԼ϶ˣƺʲô
벻˷أҲ˳֮ˣ㻹ǱʦһϿѦЩο˵
ҪлʦĽԪ׵ģǺʦȣҵûб¶٣Ͼ֮ǰǰ㳤ʱ䣬һصɽڱչ֮ʣʦѾʼɽˡѦ˵
ԣ΢΢һЦٺ٣⵹ǣȻʱǲܳȥʱ䣬ƺ׵ʱҲġ
ڸĽԪٺ٣ǶĽɣҪ£ûµĻȥɡ˵꣬ϲҶɡ
ԭԼǰҶչƽԪĲȥˣ׼ҶɰԼʱ˵ҶѦûͬľӳϻ
ȴһʱҲûзأıѩҩЧʧɢ³ϱƳŽԪ͸ѦţҶɻ׼Ҷš
ڳ˼֮ʣѦתȥ˵ʯһأһ¶һЦݡ
ٺ٣֮ʣѾ֪ʲô飬ٺ٣еõıΪܹסǲ͵ðǱҽĻٺ٣˵꣬Ѧһƺâ


216 ߽鱦
ҩȣ鸮ڣ
ҶɵڽԪתһ˿˿֮Ĳ䣬ԪҲǻ
ǰҶɱǽѪ֮ϣϾڽ֮ն㣬֮ǰͨĹС
һڶ۹У㣬ն
Ԫ·һƴСĽιлƮţƽǽƵǵģ˸Žɫϼ
Ҷһͺȣзһ䣡
ԪȻһһ˿˿ۿɼĽɫߣע˽ι֮ڣιȴû˿ֻ״һЩ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ״ƵɢŽɫ۶ᱡأǰˣһԲεĻȣȥޱȡ
ʹ֮ϣһɫ˿߲һŤİĹϼ
ۣҶһͺȣٴα任
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৵һ£Ŀɫϼȥޱȣһööɫģ͸һɹɿֲ
ϼһָһ̣ȴʧ
Ҷ˫ĿһŵĹУ΢΢һЦնû뵽ôС
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ƹԣ΢΢һ㶣漴ڵҶҪ뿪𣿲֪ʱ
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⣬˵֪ҶߣǸоͻȻȻˣǻĳһ̰ɣ˵꣬ƹһп֮ɫݣҲҶôһѡ
Ǻǣ˻ƹˣм㣬һöŷԺʲô鷳֪ͨұã˵꣬ɵһ䣡

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һṦ䵥һ䣬һֻ̻ƵĵɫľУȻС
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΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷɵһľбǳ˰գִһ۵һûľ֮ڣ漴һľϯȥ
˵һɫľڰ΢΢һ˸Ŀϼһ߲·ڵֿʲô
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轣ҶɿŽС֣૵
俴˿һЩɫСǿ̻Ž轣֣ЩС棬һƬɫ򣬳ľеײƺʲô
Ҷɿ˿ļأһٷĹҶɲһ˷ܵķ
ݼأⱾһһ˿ڷɽǸ߽鱦Ľɽϼ¼һֽΪ轣󣬷㣬У󣬽ɱܡ
߽鱦ٺ٣쾹Ϊβõģ˵꣬Ҷ¶˷֮⣬ȴЩɻӡ
Ƭ̺һɵѵ֧ľеõı˵꣬Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ
ֻϧõ˱ȴûпһۣ䵽ҶɵС
ȻҶһƺ뵽ʲôǰ轣װľ֮ڣ֪ľӳǷţ
ţȴ᲻ô˱ģˣ˵ٺ٣˵껰ҶһڽɫɽһɶҶɵǰ
һǰһ㣬˵һһƬϼ˸ɫС΢΢һСӣ֮һŶ
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˵Ҷ˵СĽ֪ǣħŴ˷̫ʴ˲޵ȴҶɵĵʹҶ·УҲħŵ


217 նɱҫ
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218 ǿƳ
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ɫһڵۺȻһߣڱȻðڷɽϼ¶˰
˿̣ҶȴǲûпƷɽֿ䲻֪ʱĳԪս󣬾֪Ҷɵĺڽ޷ֵۼһնҶɳֵͻȻҲɵʶֳһ߷ֵһ߶ݹһԶɶݶȥ
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Ҷ˼֮ʣڷɽߵڱһɣ־ŭâ
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СӣΣҲӵߣ˿Զļˣһ¶һ˿Ц
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䣬Сƺӵ˷Ըһ㣬ϼһĻΪವһѡҶ֮ڡ
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ⲻɵһĵĻг֮Զһϼ֮󣬱Զݶߣٶ֮죬ڵߣҲǿƽѣԶ߰˼Ҷߣɵ÷һתȫҶ׷ȥ


220 ݶ
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պҶɸոһƪϿգֳּ鱦ƺǵȴԼʱӡ
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׷˵ڲ֪ʲôطӦɽڷȥģ˵껰߿˿ⰵŲƷǴһ

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ֱºҶɿԶһǳأɫ԰׵ķųһз֮󣬱һ߼ԦŷзһϢ
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Ѵ˲ͣ˵Ҷɸɽ֮ʱѦΪҶɣ棬Žìܻ⣬ҶԽѦҩʦŵݵλ˵ìܱǸ
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ԣ쳤ƺʲôȻһ֣ʦľӴʦֱȥȥľӴϣʦһͬеģ룡
˵껰쳤վ΢΢һЦĿҶɣҶԣüͷһ壬ԭϢգȥԭһ쳤ϵӣƺвͨˣ֮£Ҷ쳤ϱǶݹһɽȥ


221 ľӵ˼
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ȿȣˣеõıòϣ޷ʲôĻԽš
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ǾɽڿпޣĻӾЩΣˣҲ֪鱦Ƿ֮ҲգһЩø˵һԡ˵꣬ľ˫ĿԶ

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״ҶɺȻɫһ䣬ҶɻûŪʱкȻһԼһȻ޷˿СҲ֪ʱĳ˯


223 նħ
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˵껰̾˿ҶҡͷЦǳĬ
պ˼ԦŷۻصɽڣҶɹһڣǽڽǲǿ󷨣һʯǿտյ
ʯƺ˰裬ΪҶڵǽ֮ϣϲһƣһ֪Ƿ
ҶɵϣһŻɵķǽ֮ã
Ī˵ҶʧȥǷָ֮ҲӳӳΣҲӲɽڡ
뵽Ҷɱǳ̾һвпǵȥѦֱߵĻ˽٣תһ룬ʹѦⱳĺ֣ƺҲһŹԼ
ѵҪɽˣҶ¶һ˿Ц£µԼ֪ģ˿ֲ

ɽ֮ڣľնˣƺʲô
գ˭㴫ŵģûв𣿡ľ˵һ䡣
ԣҡҡͷϣҲûпӰֱӽӵһö˵кͬţصɽںɽ
㿴Ƿǲк֮ͬ᲻Ǳԩ˭Ϊλ㴫ţʲôĿģľӴһʳ˺ü⡣
ҲɹЩ⣬˲ò࣬Ѳ⣬˵츳ѣȺ֮ȴǲ
ˣûȥѦסܷҵһЩľӴʵ
ѾȥˣһϢᴫģջһ䡣
ڶЩĬʱ򣬴ſڴӰһǰͬе񣬳ſڴһü۵ĸߡһڵʿ
߽˿ˣɫ˵ϣճϣѦʦܶҵģ˵һݵʿ
ŶڣݵˣǲǵĸС𣿡ľӴɻ˵
һ˼ľʵǺˣΪλʵشаٻֱڴˣ˵꣬ľһϢһţֱһ¶֮ɫ
أλǰΣ޻ɢޣǰѦǰҴһЩ׷ħͷһ¡
ʵ棬ѦǰҴ˹ҵʱϸˣǲǰ׷ħͷ³֮󣬱ߵľĻش
ԣľüͷһ壬ɻ׷ħͷЩϤ˶٣ľ˫Ŀһĵˣϴݵĵӣ˰֮ûл˵նɱ˵ġ
Ҳǵ˵ͷҲţħ£Ҳ˶󡣡
Ѧ˵׷ħͷǺˣĴµģľ˵һ䡣
ǰ֪Ҷ˵
üͷһ壬ڵѵ׷ħͷɱ֮ͬ
ֹɱͬţĴʿܶ˶˴˵ϣֱɥĲ޶߸Ͻһ䣬ѦѴÿڷ磬һҪǰ׷ħͷ˵޶ſԵõô
ԣľӵ˵ûʲôɣϾڵȥݵʹ֮ʱصϢҲˣǰ֮ҲûҪƭԼ
գŴȥοһ£ǷҶǴˣɱѦҲûʲôɻɵˣϾʵ˰׷ħͷݱɱ֮ͬˡľӷԸһ
ԣӦһŸǰΣʯŴ֮󣬱ǿ˱ǽ֮ϵҶɡ
ˣǴˣһ
ԣ߽ΣʶһŶҶһɨǵŵŵŵ˼ɫ΢ָҶɡ
Ǵˣǰ׷ħͷҶӦûһɫߵģߣ˵˸ıòһϢȴ޷ı䡣߾˵
ԣ̾ϢһʿϢ޷ıģһЩ߽ױڵãһЩ򵥵ıֻ𵽸ıòЧմŸ뿪Σص˴֮С
ϣȷǰ׷ħͷҶ˵꣬ǲ
ľ˻յĻȴǲû̫֮ɫεİ˰֣һϧ˵ˣ䣬ŴûдȥϿ콫նɱɣɽڣº󣬽˵Ʒ
ԣĬ

չɫڣȴǳ𵤸ϲ֪ʱĳ˴˴һŭֹ̳϶֡
ǽϱҶɿŶ˵ľٶû˿ȥ򶨡
״ӣԲնɱھȥţȲҪ֣ϼ
л飬Ҳ˷ˣǲҵġҶһм˵
̳Ϻһߣɱ֮ͬԭݾ׷ħͷȥǶһӰɽڵ
Ǽϳȥ̳˵껰߽ףͻȻڳϵǰϽķҽקΡ
ͬʱ̳һ˦һλεĿְգ״һ֮ɫȴ޿κΣҶһм֮ɫĿųϡ
ʱйһķ磬̳ϺȻ˫ĿһУ漴̧ſһ㣬һ֮
âһǳҶɲһ֮£ѪĽһͷأ촦
ţ̳ϿſҶһնȥдһͺȡ꣡
һ䣬Ŀϼ漴ҶɵؿڣٵĽ


߾ ɢްٰ


224 
ڶգɽڣ
Ҷ֮£Ҳţ˵ΪɱͬѦѱ̳նɱŹ棬ǰȥȰҲ¡
õҶѶеƽ˻ϲҲ˻ɣΪҶɸеԭˣһ
ԭڣɫ࣬˫ȭգȴ޷ıʲô
ԭʦܣʦܵΪˣ˵꣬ϴŨŨĲʡ
ԣԭҲһŭ֮ɫͷʦһţȻΪˣôݵǸ׷ħͷأѦҲˡ
˵ʲôҲˣϾʦѾ˵һ룬Ƕס漴ˣȥҴϿ
ߺãԭرʯţ˫Ŀ΢еĿԶȻնɱѦ˵ĻˡģһṦ䵥һ䴢һöīɫŷС
ԭæһָ˼£ϳһС֡
뿪ԭ֮󣬱ɽȥʱͷһ۲ԭסüͷ΢΢
֣ôоԭʦЩ̫ԾѵҶˣ˵ۣҡҡͷǶݹһߵԶݶߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ħŴڣڤһЩϣԼ߽׵ĵӣеڶֵץж
һ֣صĵϣ˷ֻܲμӣԲˣڴӵʵʵûʲôܹ׽סġ
ߣһڤŭһû˵꣬Ȼüͷһ壬һ֮£кȻһöīɫŷ
һС֣ڤɫһ䡣ڵʲôΪɱͬѦѾǧ̳նɱˣı
ԣ˽һɻ֮ɫ

ǧľӴüͷ壬һصӣգԼ̳϶ľ֮ϣƺʲô
ľӿ˿ˣ̳˵ʲôնɱĲôܣǻϴˣ
ϣϴ˵ģҲҲΣǿ𣿡ռæڵ
˵˵ô£ľӴ˵
ԣ̳˼˵ʼҸоϢɣ˵˾ҵǰ޷Ϣġ
֪ΪΣնɱܸоЩԾԣϷڳ˶࣬ʱֻʬ壬ⱻ˷ʲôȥ˵ɽһ߽׵ĵӶס
ôܣĪ˵һԲڶӲȥοϻнķмǴ²⴫͵ħͷŻ˾Ϳԣ˵ľ˵꣬һԥ׼ȥţ²ȥ

˿̵ҶɾʲôطǷ䣿޷֪ҶԼҲ֪ô¡
ҶҲ֪˯˶ãҲ֪ԼʲôطһƬڣֻϡļǵãԼԭɽڵڡ
ǵõ̳Ҫ֣һգҪնɱԼ漴ڹһķ磬Ҷɵʶģ
ٴѵʱ򣬱Ƿڴ˴ĺڵĿռ䣬ǰԼĴһ٣СҲڣֻһֱ˯š
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶʶһţܶƬ̺ڷ֣Լһɽ֮С
ĬΣҶʩչ˶ݵ֮ǰȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɵΣһ޴ɽڳ˳һܵĻִ˵ݵĽ紦
Ҳ֤ԼûӦǱ˾ˣݿ϶ǴȥˣҲᰲȫҩȵԣֻԷչס
ȥҶɱȥǬķıԵشԪ۹ֻһݣҲණĹս֮䣬ҪʮϰٸĴݣûиʮʱ䣬Դﵽս
˼Ƭ̣ҶɾȥԪ۹Խ֮󣬾Ԫ۹ķΧˣҲҰ̫ԶȽԼٻ¡
Լ֮ǰǱȥһ˵ģΨһѣǻƹˣҲ֪ڻָˡ
ҶɼԦŷзһ˼£һҩȷȥҲ֪ٻǷҵˡ
Ҷüͷ壬·µʱԼ֮·˼˼ȻоЩ¡
ԼϣƺЩţҶڵļʶҪԶȵ͸
žޱ䣬Լ˵ʹƮٷ⴫ͣԲǰ㰲Ȼʯϣ˭Լ
ᱻԪХڴأ˭ȻֽնɱҶɿԶ϶ԲҲ޷¡
ȣлӤҪɱԼȻô£Ա˾ˣֻ˭
飬ҵ֪ԼĸĸƺûԼݼѾΪûвĴڣǻţΪλ֣
˷˭ݺԼɱѦ˭ԼʲôĿģ
ٻĹʧ٣նɱǬǼˣʧģǷԼйأЩţҶɸоƺⱳһֻڰĴ֣ƶʲô
ֿĵˣʹҶɸоҲ˾뿪ֻ֡
ɻҶҩȣƹ˵С
Ҷѣû뵽ôͻˣٺ١ƹҶɣȻϲ⡣
Ҷɾ˴˷ĥѣͨһЩ飬ԼľҲһЩı䣬øӵȻȣ
ƹ˷㣬Ժκ˲Ҫ鷳ˣ鷳ƹҰ飡Ҷɵ˵
ԣƹ΢΢һ㶣ҶЩ֣صӣɫһĿڵҶʲô龡ܿڣĳܰ쵽ģȻᾡΪġ


225 
鷳ƹˣӹһ£ڲȥݴȷѪ֮꣬ǰݱݺҶɽŵ飬ƹ˵һ顣
ԣƹðľ漴ɳͯǰȥǧڽ˹
ĽɫһЦ⣬˵ûлָԲľ磬ҲǴﵽڵ۷壬ƺʱɻָڣһƸǺת
ҶµĵҩˣӺ˾ָΪҲǼӿ˲١Ҳ֮ǰһǷϵӣЦⰻȻ˵
ǺǣǾˣΨһҼǹҵģҲֻʣˣٴգҾͻ뿪ˣҲҪҵ˵ȥҶɶŶ˵
ҶѴȥƹһ䡣
ԣҶҡҡͷʱûȷˣٻһҲû𣿡
ţʱûвʲôƹ˵꣬ɫһ
һۻƹҶɵȻûҵٻӦûûʲôģҰɡҶ˵꣬һ䡣
ƹмֵҩһƷƷĵԼһЩĵãЩƹˣ˵ۣҶɽһöǰƺõ˻ƹ
⣬ҲգҾͲҶѿˣٺ٣ֶ˵ֱ̫ôˡ˵꣬ƹõ
Ƭ̣ҶһΣһֻɫУ漴Žһס
ֵʶǧʱҲҲæһֱûллģ̫ģҾͲ˵ʲôˣмΪ֮á
мָֻΪĵҩң滹ŽԪò˵ĻʣһŻǧѰɣ͸ҵġҶɳŽп
ԣǧѰֻ΢΢һ㶣ûʲô飬һԪ¶֮ɫݣֱͬʥһĴڡ
Ҷ⣡оʵ̫أǷǽԪһԼ붼顣
°ɣԭϣټȥȻѡ·ЩȻõϣҶ˵Ҳûʲôֵˣǰʱ䣬ħһЩ߽׵ĵӣ˲ٺöġҶһ˵
ãȻҶҵǰһȻϣѣԺֻҪǽģƴǡһ֣ص˵
ԺõǵİҲ٣ˣܰﵽǵģҲֻЩˣϣ´ٻʱǶΪĴڡҶ˵꣬վһҪ뿪ӡ
Ҷ㲻˵Ҫڴôžżˣʵ
ƹҲǲͬ⣬ڶȰ֮£ҶʹʹĳһڼҶˣɵûԼǬ
ȻǱɫһĴڣԻ㲻Ǭɾ˼ˣ໹Ӣֻһ˫۾һ࣬ŴСûʲô֪ģҲԵͨĳƺţҲеĿּ
գһ磬Ҷɱ뿪ҩȣ֮£ݳ߽ף˻ǺѷҶɵĴڡ
һºҶɵӰ޻ҶҵĴլԺ֮У
վԺУҶһ仰Ҳû˵û˿תĿǰϤһĻҲ֪ʲô
վһ죬ҹ䣬ҶǾ͵ϥһĿӡ
ҶɵӰͬɮ붨һ㣬һ֮ã˫Ŀһ֮УƺЩɣ֮⡣
΢˼Ƭ̣䵥һһīɫϼವһû̮Ľĳ
һսһƿնȥȥ

ºҶɴݣǬΧȥΪı˷֣Ҷɲûѡֱߵ·̣ѡû˾סĵطС
ҶڴݸǬΧݣԦһֻɫۣĿţŽ轣
һЩз֮ģҶв٣նɱ˺üħŵӣõ˲ٵĵҩʯϵȡ
еϻһЩħŵħԴǹһҲڴţĸԵҩǸʤ
̫󣬵ҶҲǻһʱ䣬Խݣ֮һЩСͳǳطгֹһЩϣϢչ󣬱Ǽ·
Խݣǰһ޼ʵĻԭҶ˿˵ӦþǱԪ۹Ľ㴦ˣȻûһЩ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ߷ۣ˵һŴԪ۹ȥ
ĸºҶһƬߴĹľУŵϵһֻԳʬ壬΢΢һ̧һУʮڽɫɽûҶɵ֮ڡ
޽һգҶЦȻֻʮڷɽǴﵽ˵ʹðڷɽٺ١
ǽ轣ǰ˲ĳƺ־أһʮڷɽԲͬĽǶԼʽÿһڷɽγһԼ
һʮڷɽܵһԴƣÿڷɽγһԽӴԽȣԽǿ
轣ھŲͨ轣Ǿ裬ǰ˲󲻹ǻ֮Ĳ࣬Ҳһô򵥡
ھŲͨ轣󣬹ְ˸ÿһһҲһҪʮڷɽһʮڷɽʱλá
빥ҲϾԵһȣνǼ侫һֽ󡣲ʵףԽ࣬ʶ֮ҪҲԽߡ
໺𣡡Ҷ˼֮䣬һ춯ذ޺֮ľ֣һЩͽ޲ѣȻһĴȥҶڵС࣬ҲǲĴ˸


226 
ãҲǽ˶׵ޣ൱ԲһЩޣʵֱƻӤϹ֣Ҷ˵꣬붼Ķݹһ𣬻Ϊһƿնȥ
߸ߴĹľɿˣҶɿٵطּ䣬һṦüͷһ壬вɵһ޵ϢԼȴԽԽˣƺ׷Լ
뵽Ҷɵâһһʰֶֻһȣɫ쭷Ҷɵһ𣬷ɳ˹ľֺǰٷɶݶȥ
յĹҶɵλΪһӰڰռٻʣ˹ľ֣ƺû׷ֻڹľֱԵǻ
ҶɲûзɣȻķɶ֮ã˿ųɫۺϥ
ֻǵһͲСҶɺڴھŲͨ轣ﵽĳ̶ȣǶϼƷ鱦Ҳ·ġ
鱦ȷһÿﶼ̺һ˿ԣ뷨ֻǱȽϡ
һҶɼԦŷۣ˴ƬԭǰһƬɽһ·ϵնɱ˲ٽޣۺڵû̫ᣬΪۺʵڴﲻҪ
һ˼ҶɼԦŷۣɽ֮зȥ
պҶɲڲ󣬶оڶ㣬ĿǰǷȱֲϣ˴Ԫ۹ҪúѰһʥǴһ㣬ҪڶףǻˣҶ붼ûи룬лչһŰɣĿǰޣԼ㶼ġ
նû̫ĽչԪҲû̫ı仯ֻܿڴ֮ˣȻҵʲôԿٲ֮Ǿͺöˣֻ̫ѰңҶҲûз׼Ԫ۹һ
Ҷ˼֮䣬Ȼüͷһ壬ףǰƺڴ򶷣Ӧǵ˴Ԫ۹ĵؽˣĪǴԪ۹֮ˣ
˵껰Ҷʶһţߣ׷ɱһڵ꣬ҲڵĴڡ
꿴ȥǱˣǹѪԼһƺ˾綾ӡ
Ϊһ˾Ȼ׷ã½Ǳǣɷһ·꿴˿ˣ
ԣһ΢΢һЦҡͷСӣ㻵ǵĺ£ֹΪСˣ类Ϸ׽¯ˣߡ
ͲҪҪˣڴ˴ɱҲ֪ʲôͰĵ·ɣٺ١˵Żһߣһȭһȥ
޳ܵĶߣŭһȴǲӲӲ·֪Ŀ£һ䣬ವһųһ䵶״ųĺһնȥ
صһ߲֪ʱķųڷɽպõס䵶˳Ľӽ꣬һȭ
ξȭֵһƺеɶصˤ䵽˵ϣ״ֳ̧ڷɽһ㣬˵һնȥ
¶֮ʣȻһɫǹԶصһǽڷɽһɣţһƿ֮£һ꣬һֻɫۣ˴˴
ʲôԲ֮ɫһ䣬ЩɻĿ˿ϵ꣬䲻ʲôֳֵġ
꣬ѹΪҶɣԪ۹̫ע⣬ԲѹΪ׼Ū˵
ڴ򶷣۲죬ҶɴҲóһͲ࣬ӦǾһŮӣˡ
ҶɼȻ֣Ȼ»ڣڶ˻ھ֮ʣһڹ⣬һö͸룬ǴӶǰ
ţҶɵһŻû˶ڣ˵ʬ廯Ϊ˻ҽԭ˵ĴҶɸûϣΪΪҶɽֻԼ
Ҷɳ˵ĸɾ䣬վ˫ֱȭһ֣صĵлѳȣ֪γƺ˵꣬һ˿֮⡣
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ۽䵽˵棬Ц˵ɣҶɣ·˶ˣ๼ҲصʲôҲẦ㣡
ԣϵһԥɫۣȷԶԷֶΣҪԼֱ練ơ
Ҷɿŷ΢΢һ𣬱ǰȥ
·ϣһֱĬ֪ҶɵĵϸҲûи⿪Щʲô
ҶЦЦڵǴԪ۹һɼ峤㵽һﲻ̫ϤϣѸһ
ԣЩ˽ĵ˵ͷԭˣ㣬ԥһɢޣǰлҶѳˡ
߽ƣҶ¶ҪСһЩˣԥݿϤ֮ˣ
⵹ûУҲͳΪɢˡҶЦ˵
ԣ΢΢һЦˬʵЦŶȻҶѲͬеģĳԥҲмλѣʱѽһ
ԥҲǺܴʵȴǲ˵عȻЩҲӴϡ
ŸҶɽһԥݴŵֱֲΪڣɽɡ
ԥݣһЩǿɼ壬ʵҲǳǿ󣬽ţһЩʵǿĸ߽ɢޣһЩҲԸǣǵµӱնɱ
˵ԥݻΪģҶЩ⣬û뵽ЩʵǿɢޣһЩҲԸǣ֪ʵﵽʲô̶ȡ
ʵݣҲɢޣֻҶɵʱţЩɢ޺ٽӴ֪ˣֻΪʵѹһеġ
ºҶϡ俴һЩƺԥݷΧڣ˶ʱ䣬ҶҲĵñȽͶ
˵ĹϵҲ˲٣㿴ȥʮ꣬һ֮ɫΪҲǱȽˬʽ̸
ǺǣҶѣȵ÷ǣֻԥݱԵһСҸѽܼλѣ÷Ǿⷽ򡣡˵ָָ̧꣬ĳ
ԣҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ºҶɼԦŷۣ˼е÷ǣҶ˷ۣڳſͨƣҶһ顣
˳˵ͷǽ˳Уʵ㣬һǼĵزҪһ򵼣ȥʱˣԼҲ뵽Ȧӡ
ԲѹΪҶɾʿȦӣ˽ԥݵЩʲôҲΪ壬ϾԼڣԸһЩڻǴ´ġ
ԼڵȦӣǿɾҪСˣزĵطʵЩΣա
÷ǴϣҶĴԵĽԼһЩ̣㲻ʱΪҶɽܼ䡣
εѣٺ٣Ϸмģ׼ȥʱһߺȻڶǰ֣·ʲôҪҪ˵һҶɣЩصĶסɻĴҶɡ


227 ɢ
ǸЩµӣüͷһ壬ЦյѣλҶɵѣҲҵľˡ
ԣ߿һҶɣЦҶһᣬϷ
һڵʿҶ΢Цĵ˵ͷһᣬˣк޷ԺҾջסˡ
˵꣬ҶָָԶһҿջһȺʿ飬ҶҲûʲôȤ֪
㿴˿ҶɣͷҲãԺٴѹҶʶһ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴һҩȥ״Щӣ뿪˴ֵ
ȥЩʲôҶɲ֪չĸϣڴ˼ҩתһȦȴǷּʹݶں֮ҩ
Ҽ۸ҲûжߣӣͬһЩҩҲͬԪ۹һЩѰ֮˵ݾͺܷҵġ
˼ֲϣҶɱ뿪˴˴ת̣յĹҶɵǽԼʥǴϹ߰˰ˡ
Ҷϵʯǲ٣Ҳδʲô¼ǻǧԲҲҶɲģϾҶնɱ˺üħŵĸ߽ףֽ򽣸ңѹһǵõ˲ٵĺô
ɫҶɱջסڣҶɵ°ͣһ˼֮ɫ
ΨһǷȱֲϣԼߣѯʣҶɵ֪ߵһЩ˿ֻǿ֮ҵ
ʥǴ˸ûκϢһλҩݣҲûκϢⲻҶЩż
Լ߽Уʵ㲻ʲôǴﵽеȣһʥǴ󷨲ʲô̫ϳ˵֮Լ˵һ㡣
Ҷ˼֮䣬⴫һˬʵ
Ҷѿڣ㣬˼λѣѽʶһ
εҶ΢Ц漴һӰ㣬Լĸߣһ׳
Ҹҽһλ֮ǰ˵ľˣҶҶѣλФǿѣѰҾͲˡָżˣһ¡
ҶѾԲҼ֮УʵǿˡФǿ׳һЦ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦֻǸһСѣҲһսʤФǿѵġ
˸Ҷ̫ˣһлɱڣʵԲУҲϵȵġ
˸˰£׳óһƣ˳һһЩлҶҲǶ˽һ÷ǵĴС
Ҳ֪֮ǰնɱʿԥݶɢ˵ͽܣɢΪգöǼǳ
ȴһֹѪ֮нҲ޷׷ϣƽʱӲٵʵǿĸ߽ס
ҲˣɢҲСҲǳãҶɲû̫ģϾԼնɱǶûʲô֤ݣǶֵĻҲ¶Է
˷·ͶһֱĵФǿȥ֮ҲҪôϢһǴҶɣȥ˼̣ҶɴһЩϵ䡣
һ죬Ҫһֱû䣬ϵֹ˼ҲЩΣЩȦӣǺѸ㵽ֵġ
պҶھڣüͷ΢˵ҶѣǼҩϣºѰң÷ǻһСͽ׻ᣬʱȥȥһ£Ϣɡ
ͷεˣҶɴЦ˵оΪ˵ǱȽ̹ϣУΨЩļơ
˿˼䣬ת뿪Ҷ˫ĿһգϢ
ڶһΣٴγҶɵס
ŶεѴ˽׻飿Ҷû뵽졣
ԣҡҡͷһ֣صĵҶѣʵҵȸǿҵֲǺ˽㣬˵Ҳ˵©Ҳĵʱǿжҵȳ֣ҶѵΪˣԣҾ˷ϼ֮УҶһ
ЩӣҶɲɵЩЦȴ¶һȻ֮ɫ
Ŷлε£֪ϼ֮ʲô˼Ҷɹһص˼
һ¶һصЦݣеõϢϼĳŽԪݡ
ٺ٣Ԫҵ֮̤Բ꣬ٳûн׵˸Ǽ
ԪݣεܹƽԪҶЩ˵һ䡣
ԣЦҡͷ£÷ɸнԪۣ۸ʵ̫ҵȹ
ɸȴǿֻҪһԪݣټһЩʯԻȡһŽԪģٺ٣˵ĻҵҲӵ˹ʸ񡣡
˶٣˷֮ܵУҪ·ֻǰȥ˵꣬һصӡ
ҶЩʼģΪʲôϡ֮£Ū˰죬ԭ޵ĿжȡԪݡ
ҲǣһһεĹأһνӴķΧҶڵڵʱֺγΪ˽ԪƴŬģԼĽСĳ̶ȣҲ㡣
ʱԼҲٽӴ߽ףҲЩ߽׶æµʲôڵԼЩͽ׿еʲôܵأҶҲûʲôȤˣϾβͬˡ
Լ߽ƴȡĶڻӤϹֵҲһֵһᣬʲôȤʵģԼȻЩӤڵϹ־׷Ѱʲô
ҶԾܾ㣬Щ֮ɫѯҶ֮£Ҷ˵ԼżĳֹȥðգԲżչǼֲϵġ
֮£ҲûȰ˵ʲôҶɶ뿪˿ջм̽һЩϵϢ
չȥȻ񣬸մһгҶɱüͷһ壬оһɺ⣬оһ˲ԶһߣڵΪ
߿һҶɣһ˿ɻ󣬵ҶϢת֮ΪҲû¶ʲôĿϣ¶һ֮⡣
ߣСӣͽǰȥ׷δ飬ھȻ÷ǣԵСӳ֣ҵͽ˰ɣȻˣϷֻԳˣҲҪ۸Сߣ˵꣬¶һ̵Цݡ
ܣɢˣһߺȣҶŽֿתȥһ¶һ˿֮ɫһ֮£Ųæ׷ȥ
ԼôһٷĹһ˾סƾɽ£ߵӰһģ֮£ǵҶɶǰһ˵ܺãطҶֱ˿˵ԴСٺ٣ǾԶɡԱϣһֲϢһţ㵱ɫһ䡣


228 ѻ
ɢ˼֣һ֮ɫҶɵҶѣ޹أЩߣҾһʱƬ̡
ԣҶ΢΢һЦ˫ֵϺ޾ɫ
״һ㶣ΪҶûмȳ汻ŵˣҪҶʲôǺȴЦһ
ߣСӣ˴˿̻ܱ򶨣Ҫ֣߽ףҲϷǰ˵껰ɢһ˦
৵һ£һƬϯҶɶһֶȥ
ãǶɫһ˵ͬʱ䵥һ㵭Ļɫһ𣬽Ҷɶ
ɫĻһӴǷ֮ţĻǱʴĹϼһѶ
һң޲֮ʣҶȴЦһգһ˦
˵һһɾϯɫҪӽˣǱһɢʧ˴˴
˴˿̣ҶҲ޷ΪڵΪͷŶ۾һɣʱָҶɰû˵
ɢһУҶɴãҶȷʵڣɵһ
ߣ벻¾ȻΪڵͽʿ켴ڵΪϷҲа취¡˵껰ɢ˲ǰǰ⡣
һ৵һ£һֻɺ«ڰһת֮һһſȭͷСĺɫҶɶϯȥ
ţһһɫ޸һģĳ˰գһƷȥܲСӡ
˫ڰһһ˫ֱޱðںһɹȳ֮ͷŶ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУ˿«ĺɫԪһתгһɫ룬һˢһ뼤
ء
һſźɫȻҶΪһɫҺĴɽҶһһǽЩɫҺ嵲ȴǷ֮ðһ
ᣬҶһһɫǹŰɫ޸һնȥصһߺȻ
ڴ˿̣ɢܺƣһҶɳȥ
״ҶɫһȭȭӰһӴɢ˵ܣͬϬţ뺣ʧ˿ܶû֡
ԾȻǿңҶص˵˵Լʳĵ֭ԵֿһЩԣ߽׵ĶޣҶɿǲӴ
뵽˴ҶһΣȻһѺɫųɢһնȥ
¶һ˿Ц͵ҪӴҶɵʱ򣬺ȻסΣĳƣڹһҶɵĻϣǳһɫӡ
صһѶ䶾ŶһֶȥҶ°âһһʰᣬһ֮£ɫ쭷Ҷһʧԭء
ʲôʲôȻԽ죿ɢɫһ˵
˿̣ҶɵӰԶɫأкڽʧͷȴʮڷɽ䵥һ㣬ɫɽһɢ˼
߽鱦ãɢ˼Ʋųһ׼ֵʮڷɽͷѣƺżĹɡ
ವһڷɽλɢ֮£зųһ߽׷ֵûõĹ򣬶ͷϱǲ˺ˮһӡ
ϱĶ࣬ԶԸΪϲߣɢ˵Ҳϣһ䣬ʮźɫҶɼûǺһըѶΪ
ţɢ˼æ𼸼ҶæڶԸʮڷɽ˰գһҪԶȥ
Ȼɫһμһȥͬʱһڹ⼸ɹҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣڹֻǲߵƤȻİߵ㣬·մȾʲô綾ʴһ㡣
ʱ߶˺ڷ̣ȴǱһö͸һ߼򣬵ߵһ̧ǽ͸У˫ֺâһ֮£͸žһѶ
ףȻֶ̺ԣٺ٣ϧȴ޷˺Ϸ򡣡ɢ˵꣬ȡһöԲҩУһԼǿ嶾֮Ȼ׻⣬ǺڷҲһԾʧ䵽˵ϣ͵Ϯȫϡ
ȴǳɹ˿Ѳ֪ںδҶɵӰȰĳԣкڽһΣͷһնȥ
״ɢ˼æֳɫ師ֵսֻһһѪҲǱЩģʩչѪ֮
һֻ̣۵һ죬Ҷֳֺڽɢͬа師һնΣѪڳ۵һͬ壬˵ϡ
ʱڤɻ꽣ȴǿСһģʧͬʱһɢŽɫĹ֣Ȼϵʬס
ɢ˵ŽӴܶһײ֮֮ϣصһء
״Ҷɲ˿俪ʼҲܷ֮ס꣬һǹãֽ̧䴢ҶЦеĿŹڵĺɫš
ҪһټϲմȾԷһͽԷնɱˡ
ҶɸյԥݣһЩ鶼㼸˽⣬ʵޣԥ˽϶Ҳر࣬ǰһ˼ǧ϶ԥһЩ˽⣬߳ˡ
ԣҶɲûڤɻ꽣ɣ˵޷ƣȴԽꡣ
Ҷֳ̧Źһ㣬ಣһööɫ룬޴ӵĺɫżһṦǺɫżʣ޼ȥҶɱס֡
λѣ֪ʲôϷǣȫ͸㣬ֻŹϷ򡣡ɢ˵괫
Ҷɲûᣬûʲô꣬һЦŶԼѻ꣬ĸֱ𣿡
䣬Ҷʶһ൱ڵʶϯɢ˵ʶһֶ룬ûС
ԥݵһЩֲ߽׵һЩۻ᳡ԼһЩԥأʵȽǿɢޣҶɱ˽˲١
ԥ֮⣬ɢҲǽύ˲ˣȻȴûʲôϺõѣҲֻʶˣһЩʱɱ޶æΪһʵ˵ãʵ͡
ٺ٣ϳһЩģһҪȥˣҶѻ귢֣ϳһЩأҲ˽⵽ԥ֮һЩЩҪȼʿеõϢõöࡣ
ףǣҶɼ̽ɢ˵ļʱȻɫһ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ


229 ɱѹ
ãҶɽɢ˵ļ鿴ϣȡڤɻ꽣Ϻâһǽɢ˵ڡ
ڽɨһսҶɵֵһŻ򣬽ɢ˵ʬ𣬱Զȥ
һṦһƾɵĽǰҶɿһ֮ɫ㣬ǰΪս㣬Ҷɱǽ͵˴˴
һҶɣ㼱æһݡ
Ҷǰǰʧ񣬾ͬƣǰˡ˵棬һǵӣҲףǰҶΪξܾȥϼ֮ܵС
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ޷ǰΪ޹أһջסһʱգԺʲôѣҡ
˵껰ҶӰһʧ˴˴Ȼ¶ԼΪҲûҪǰװȥ
ɫһ㶵ĿҶʧĵطҡͷ̾ϢһƬ̺ȴ΢΢һЦϾύһ߽ף˵ԺʲôΣܰԼ
΢˼Ƭ̣ĳֵȥ

ջڣҶĳ侲֮У°ͣһ˼֮ɫ
ǰɢ˵ļУеõһϢһԪɢޣ֯һжĿ
˵ϼҩƳﲢǷãǽ׻Ӥ֮ʣͷųԼ˻ħ֮
̫ϢûˣԪҲû͸¶̫࣬˲μӣ˭ɢҲֻ֪Ҫɢ˵ĶԸһֻޣ͡
ԪһڵĴڣʵͬϳˣΪɢ˵ļ䣬Ӧºԥʮ¾ۺϡ
ȶڻӤĪôĶҶ˵ʲôҲҪȡһµģ˵˲һͬ⣬Լϰһ¶˵һжྫͨ򵥵ĽԪŪȥƻǿ԰쵽ģϾ˶ڶǺ˽⡣
ڶһ磬Ҷɱ뿪ջųĳȥչڳһ۵ĽǰҶͣ˽Ų
ǵɢ˾ס֮أҶɿ˿ܣ漴һģʧſڡ
ڣżʿû׹ô£ǱҶһ˦ɣڵϲ֪ӡ
һյĹҶһڣ䵥һ䣬һɫУֳһǽһΡ
˵һ
ǽڹϼһǻΪһţҶŶ룬ᳵ·һҡ
ڿռ䲻󣬰ҲǼ򵥣һľӣǽһľܣżԼöһЩƿƿ޹ޡ
ҵһǣһ󶦣һŨŨĴ̱ζƮɢƺǸոƹʲô֮ҩ
ҶľǰöԼһЩƿƿ޹޵Ʒһն漴֮ȥ
ûãҶɵӰ˽ϵļӰüͷһ壬˼Ӱǰ
һԲ׽ʶ֮һŶһ˼Ӱʶ֮УҶɳֹĴ˶μĨ֮󣬲ת뿪˴˴
Щ֮һֻоͷͣȴҲǲ֮ǰ˺£˵ɻ󣬵Ҳֻ֮ܲȴʦɢ˻ѯһ
˿̣Ҷѻص˿ջǰϣƿƿ޹ޣһö˫Ŀ΢յƺڲʲô
ʮպҶɽ඾һЩ˵ƣʹüǲġ
΢˼ֻƿһһֻƿǵɣɴ̱ǵζƮɢҶɲɵüͷһ塣
һ죬ֻƿʧ֮ڣֱһڣһ˿ɫĩŷɢ䵽ǰǽ֮ϡ
۵һ졣
ǽϵһɫ壬ţǱÿӿԽԽȥʴ֮ǿᡣ
ϹоĶȻһ㡣Ҷ̾Ϣ˵Աϣ佫ƿȡ¸Ǻƿǡ
ɢһ綾ʹùֶ壬ʩչ֮ʱΪ˷㣬ǿ崫ҩ
Ҷȴǲˣֻܽƿ֮ڣԷٿҩ﷢˵׾һЩҲ֮٣ŪԪ֮ˣӦûء
ʵ˼ֹ඾ҩҶɼ˸ţǽһգ۾ľƿ߹Ҳʧ
ţ䵥һкȻһöǼ˷̵Ķ˵ȴɽ͵˷һͣǿһµ顣
Ҷ˫Ŀһգǲ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻ˫Ŀһƺоʲôüͷ΢ĿſڴһƷҲʧ
һṦ˴˼侲ҡҶǰǰʱ˵Ľ׻Ѿʼ֪ǰǷȥμӡ
ԣҶɳƬ̣һģʧ˴˴


230 
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ƽʱһ䲻̣ż֯һ½׻ᣬһЩƽʱ򲻵Ĳϣָϲ׼
׻ڣʱѾۼ˴ϰ˵ӣȥģ㲻Сûʲô߽ףҲˣһ˻ի֮ˡ
ʣµˣһһ׳һˣһ꣬ˣҶɣ׳ҶҲʶ
׼ȷ˵Ӧͨɢ˵ļʶģ÷һɢޣʯڣΪ˴֣Ը񲻻Ϊ̸
һ֮Զ˵ֻڣԲһҲǲƴ֮ɼ֮֮ǿ
Ҷɷ֣˴׻ԼݲμӵĲ࣬ǽעһ֮ڣԼ裬Լϵıϣд档
ի֮ʼ˱ǿʼ˽ף˵ԼȫԣȴǴּҡ
ﲻ˫Ի࿴Ҳûͨʲô֮ൽʲôаȫϵֿռ䣬һЩֵĲϣҲûеּʱء
ⲻǵĹϵӦεĽ׻ǹģԼμӵǴΣǵ˽˽׻ᣬһ㶼Ǽأƽʱ޷õóֵĶ
Ҷɶת˼Ȧ㵹ǲʱĽ˼ҶȴǰҡͷȽ׻ԺμˣûԼҪĶ
ҶĴƼ֮ʱǺǳҶɵĶ棬һҶɡ
ףλγƺ˵ؼڳ֣İúܣѵ÷ʿЩɻ˵
ԣҶǵ˵ͷЦҶɣһɢޣԥ÷λѣݷһɢ˵ļУҶ˽һЩԥݸĵ
Ŷԭԥ֮ˣֲôδ÷Ǽģٺ٣ݾ˴ʮƫԶҶԶȷʵǶλѲġ
ٺ٣ʯڣ÷һɢޣҽʶҶѣ˵꣬ˬһЦһУ¶ܰ׵ݡ
ʯڵѣһᣡҶЦе˵
ʯڿһҶɣʵ֪ҶҪѰȻҲ˵أҲΪչһЩϵİɣ˵꣬俴һҶߵ㡣
ԣҶɵ˵ͷּ˼䣬Ҷɱҽ뿪ϾûʲôмֵĶؿջץʱϰġ
صջڣҶɸϽϵ˶º󣬾һδεʩչҶɲŽܲĶϰ
ʮ¾ۺϵڣֻʣµʱ䣬Ҷɲڵ飬һ˼뿪˿ջݳ÷ǡ

ºҶɵӰһƬϿշɳ۶伱Ÿ·Ҳûʹ÷з
һ߸·֮£һżֶҶҲ˶ǿʩչķ̫ķȴܹ˴޴в
ֻЩЩ鷳ֱЩ̣һ綾ĴڣһЩ֢ȥҶɱǷԼĴ㡣
һºҶɶݳԥݵһϷ򣬱Ƕݹһ𣬻һƿնȥ
߰պڷɶеҶɣǰһ޴ɽ£˴Ǿۺϵصʮ£˿̣Ѿ˼Ӱ
һ˼Ҷһζ֮£ǳȺһطһţϥ
ȺвûּԪӰҶҲûǰ˴кǼҲʶҶɣһʱҲûҶ˵Щʲô
ҶɣɽϹˣҶЩϤȻҲͨɢ˵ļ䡣
һݣ÷ɢޣΪһλ׷ߣнԪ÷ɢޣΪĸݣһۣЩߣоŷˡҲһɢޣ÷ˣΪߣ۷塣
ʣ¶ҶɲϤһŻɫֹۣţʮ꣬һֱ΢ЦĿˣΪҲڡ
һˣһŻȹΪҶЩǣЩоȻһҲûС
һ𣬽ʲôֻҶɶһڸĿЩ죬żĿ⿴Ҷɡ
ԪѣλѲ÷֮ΪҲҴкģǣŻɫ۵ӿһҶɣŰ׷˵
ԣԪİ׷üͷһ壬ҡͷǲ÷֮Ϸ÷ǣϷȴûм˵ġ
ˣ㽻ѹ㷺˶ʶǾ͸ʶˡʱ΢΢һЦŻɫ۵˵һ䡣
Ļ˵ĵЦЦֵ̧̫ĳˣֻǶʶѶѣѹ㷺ġ
ˣӣԪѽ鲻֪˷һж˲μӣҵȵĿĵںδʱź۵ĸһ䡣
ȹһЦŷῪЦ˵ԪʶʱЩὫ͸¶ġ
ڼ֮ʣԶݹ⣬֮󣬱ǳ˸
һ£ʮ꣬ɫֵǣ˳༸һģһһֵܣΪ
벻ֵҲˣʱŵ۵Цŵ
ԣ˹˹֣һ˿ڵλѣ°µĵܵܰǡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱԶٴδƿ֮ݹһǰһŴ˴ʿٶԼ죬ģ֮£һ˸һڵĴڡ
Ԫѣһٺ٣ĸݵľŷ˿ӣ΢΢һЦ˵
·ϵ˵ʱ䣬øλõˣԪ˵꣬ȻüͷһĿ˿Ҷɣ֪λѣ˭ģǵԪĳ˵͸©ϢߣɱԪĳԣһ㶣뽫ƵĿͶҶɡ


231 
÷һλѵУǰμӴ˷жλЩ鵢г̣ԪѼ£Ҷû˲ƵĿ⣬Ԫ˵
ԣ˫ĿһУ¶ɻ֮ɫ˵˭Ҳ״ϾǶڽ׻ӤаĶʱµ󣬰˵Ҳġ
һ˼ԪüͷһЩʲôԶǵݹڷɽǰݹһһź۵ĺֶ
Ԫѣ㵹ǼӣͲܵһᣬٺ٣λѣ󺺶˵
ţĿԶҶɵϣȻЦףҶѣȻ㣬ٺ٣ǻЩԵ֡
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵʯڵѣǺǣȷЩԵ֣󺺲ˣǰԥʶʯڡ
˶Ի˽Ŀ⿴ʯڣҶɵȷûʶʯڻǺܶ˶Ϥġ
ԪҲɻĿһʯڣʵʯڵʶˣ
ԣʯڵ˵ͷЦΪҶɵһɢޣ÷ǰݷһλѣôԪ֯˷жѵ᲻ʶ
˻һԪǵ˵ͷʯ΢΢һ㶡
΢˼Ƭ̣ԪҶʵܺУƾ֤
ԣҶɲδ𻰣һ̧漴һʯһӣˢһ£һƬϯһǿʯ
֮𣬾ʯðں̣һȳ֮ɢһṦǿ޴ʯ飬Ǳʴһɶ
ϹֵǧҶôܻ᣿ʱ׷߽ԪЩɲ˵ҲɻĴҶɡ
ĬƬ̣Ԫ˼ĵ˵ͷڵãȻѿʩչϹĶ˷жҲ㡣
˵ǰͷʲôͼı˼ٺ٣ɾͱִҲˡ˵꣬Ԫɫһ
ԣҶ˿ɫһĶԪԪѣҵȽΪǰԸ飿
Ȼ۵һ𣬵ȻᾡϴȡĻûкô飬ظλҲܲġ
Ǻǣǲðɣ˷Ҷһ֪λкԪԵѯһ䡣
ʯĳûٺ٣ʯڳҶһЦ˵˵һ䡣
״˽ҡҡͷʾûʲô˵ҶԣϹ׷ǻ޹أֻҪ˿ʩչ˷˳ɹ˭һ
ãҵȸպһʮˣȻѵ룬ҵȱɣϸڣ·ٸϸ˵˵ԱϣԪ̧һ˦ಣһ⼤
ĺȻڰջΪһ߰ɴСɫۣԪһǳ˷֮ϡ
״û˿ԥ½½ĸȥҶǳʯ΢΢һЦҲһ˷ۡ
˸һ봬գԪִ̧һ΢΢һ˵һǳĳ
ӿռ伫ǽڽɫмһֻΧ£ϰһЩ裬ԼһЩյ
еĺˬƣƷ裬ȥò֣
ʱԪŴҰ˰֣ͣ˽̸ԪЦſһۣڵЩ飬ԪĳҪ˵ס
ҵҪȡҪӦһֻޣǽڶ׵Ĵڣ൱Բ
ʲôޣŷɫһ䣬Щ֮⣬˶٣˵޶һıͨʵһԶޡ
֮أǻӤϹ٣Ҳһֵðôϵľġ
ľضأʵԪѣ˵ĻǻӤϹֶҪâҵǰȥͬһ㣿
Ȼ˽Щ˾ŷһ˵׷ɫһ䣬ҶоһҲ֪˼ʲô
ŷѹȻǼʶ㣬ȻԼ˽⡣ԪЩΪ˵
״ŷüͷһ壬ѵԪӦ֮ͷƤҲ벻ʲô취ԶԸ޵ģǿ൱ڻӤϹֵʵ
ԣԪЦһգɫһ˵ŷԲ޳ʳ֮һֱ۷״̬ҵȵȷ޷Ӧ
Ǵصȴ֪ιʣ춼һƬأΨмһľ߻֮£γཻƬ򡣡
ԣŷ˼Ƭ̣оһڵ˵֮أʵᱩǵ֮أʵ󽵡
Ԫѵ˼ǣҵȽ֮أȻںնɱⲣȥ֮ȡ
ŷѹȻԪĳ뷨ࡣԪ˵
漴ԪɫһڵԪĳ˼նɱޣΪ˵֮ʵҲԲҵȿնɱġ
ԣҵȷֳսǿӲߣΧ֮ؽȻסʣȥľȡȻ˻أ˻Ϻҵһ뿪
ԣ΢˼Ƭ̣ǵ˵ͷΪ˷ĿǰΪ֮ߡ
ٺ٣ʱ䣬ȡöҲ˵һЩߣҲǷǳϲġŷЦе˵
Ԫǰ˰֣ҡͷǧҪ˷Щʱ䣬ҪǴеĿġ
֣Ҳ޷ǻȡһЩʯôˣңʵǷëǣֻҲҲңֺαЩùġ
ǺǣϷ򲻹˵˵ˣˣ֪ԪѴţļλԸޣŷ˵꣬˽Ŀ뿴Ԫ


232 
ԪһۣͷȻԸޣȻѡһЩʵǿˣȥȡĵѣһҪٿĵѡ
ԣ˵˵ͷһ˼ӡ
ԪĻ˵ĺˮƽԸ޵ˣ˵ʵǿģȥȡˣʵģǶٸߵġ
һ۱һߣҲоӡ
Ƭ̺Ԫ˵λиԵĳ˵ҶѵĶʯڵѵֵ֮ܵĺϻ֮ȵȡ
ȻԪĳ˴ң֤ʵӲԣԸ޵ˣҾͲ˵ԵĳˣԪĳֻλٽϿĵѡ
ݣӣԼˣλȥȡʣˣҵȲú󷨣Ȼ޳
֮رʵ󽵣ҵȽסһʱӦò⣬˴ȥȡȥأҿ壿
ԣҡҡͷûʲô壬˷һö˱ҲǱ˲١
޵֮ʵܷӳ˸߽׵ʵҵ֣նɱ˵סһʱƬ̾Բʲô¡׷߽ԪƱżЦ
ɶټҶѵĶ˵ǻнնɱĻᡣʯڹһ˿ھƣЦ
ˣԪѣⶼ·ˣ㻹ϸҵȵصѵڻҵȻȥ˲ɣŻȹĻһЦ˵˵һ䡣
ԣԪһ˼ͷãȻˣҾ͸ߴңǴλãĺһ֮ϡ

λڴԪ۹򽻻㴦һƬ޺Ԫ۹֮䣬˴֮Ϊĺ
ĺռ򼫴ϵڶ࣬и߽ޣ˼ޣ൱໯ӤϹֵΪ
׽֮󣬲ԻûɿԣԷֱ棬ֻлӤϹ֣ſʶ®ɽĿ
һգԪ۹ĺԵһɫԶ֮󣬱ǳ˺ԪԦɫۡ
ڣԪŷۻڵ棬һ·̣ҵȺúϢһ£Ȼʽĺ
ԣûκ飬һĿϥϢһ֮ãԪſŷٴγ
ɫһͣ࣬ϼһʳɶȥεĺ֮ϡ
һºԪɫ۷ڰգȻԶմһ죬˼æݳգĿԶ
Լ䣬ԶˮһߣֻȻﲻʱԾˮ棬һɹɿֲϢյһϼѶ
״Ԫŷ۷һתƹ˴Ƭ
ºվڷۼװ֮ϣ˳ԪָԶԶһ͵죬ԲΣܱεĺˮΧš
ƬԵĲͬȥڣƺżɢŵɫ㣬ڵм䣬һʽɫ򣬴ռе֮һҡ
߰պɫ۳˵Եŵһ䣬Ҳ˳ͣһ£ɫ۲ʧϣǶʮӰ
λҵȵϢһ£Ҳָ״̬ڣҵȱǰռƻ£˴ŴŷƵһȴҵѶš
ҵȸϿѰλã󷨲úãȻٽǷɹڴһˣλϣҵȶϡԪһ֣ص˵
ԣ˵˵ͷǴݣӶݹһһȥԪˣСĴǱ˹ȥ
պҶɱǸо˵ؼ֮ǿᣬЩ߽׵ʿҲǸо֮⡣
Ҳ֪˴ŷһ£ϡĿԶʵһ˿˿ů͸ȴǲδҽӽֺȻ˻
ºһƬʯϿգһԪܿռ˵Щ谵ȴӰ첻Щ֮ˡ
λҵȾм䴦󷨣ӳҲҪʮյ·̲ܸϵûȥǵʱӦ㹻ˡԪ˵漴һ˦һ߼

ĴһֱϸĲɣ³էһͨͨûʲô֮
ϸ۲֣֦ᷢɴɢ֮һ˿˿ůͷŶʱŽɫ㡣
ÿһƬҶȴСһйɵ·͸¶һ˿˿ȥǰȻг
ǣ棬һſȭͷСĽɫʵһȦȦɫΣɻҪʮ֮ɢȥޱȡ
ľһſŽɫʵȻˣ˵Ŀ꣬ȴǹ֮µԣݣȫѵĸſɳΪ
ʱľһ࣬һֻ״ʨ룬ͷ˫ǣ鲼Ž˸Ƭ˫ĿſڵϺ˯š
ظһһʱһźǿ״ɫ壬ֻ޴ƣ鲼һɫ·
ֻСվΣ֮߰ޣʹſţȥҲݣϴһİ
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һֱСһֱ˯ޣȥǺгգȴһλ֮͡
һӣԶԶվ֮أһɫɽľھʲô˵СǣǾޡ
໺𣡡һŭ
޲ûжƺھߣٲߣԼҪһ㣬ֻɫһ䣬ûжƺǷŴ˵ӣǿڷɽ޼ɵڵ淭
״˫Ŀһɣ¶ŨŨŭ⣬ţһ֫һĵ棬صһվΣһԶɫӰſһ磬ۣһˮͰϸĽӲӹǵӰȥ


233 Ⱥս
ɫȥɫӰųһƣصһ죬ϣɫӰʮಽ֮ԶǿĽֵ
ɫӰδߣһգǿڷɽһնȥ
ƵĶŭֻСľһɣǰһĵ棬зһսⰻȻ֮
໺𣡡
ţȫһŵ棬Сɽ޴Ծز֮
״ɫӰɫһ䣬̧һ֮£ǿɫɽһն𣬽ţݹһ𣬷ٵԶȥ
ã׷֮ؽ㴦ʱ򣬺Ȼһ٣޴۾¶ԥ֮ɫǰ˼µ棬ûٴγ
˿̣ǰڱӵɫӰƺҲǷһĻһ˼Ҳһ٣ٴηųɫɽ߶ŷɽңңһն
໺𣡡
ǰСƴӣԭЩԥ֮ɫɫӰٴγƣڱˡ
ֻɫϼȻƮɢɫ㣬ƺڵֿΧļ֮һ̣Ҳûôж
ӴΣȻһҵ磬ХһɫӰŭȥֻ۾ɵùԲٶ֮죬ǲǰݹ˿
ⲻɫӰɫһ䣬伱æݹһɽƿնȥһǰһƺ޵ٶȸʤһҲ
׷У޲ʱ緢һɫɫӰòֵһһʱ䣬ö߾١

֮һ࣬ӰǱţۼ뿪ľ˲ɵоһ
ʱһɫһˣҵǷ֣
һԣҲһѯ֮ɫ
˵ĵ΢˼Ƭ̣ҡͷǰռƻ°ɣϾ޻ûбסʱܷء
Ǻʱӵŷ֪ͨٶҲٵģһ£˵꣬촽˫ĿңԶľ

໺𣡡һŭ
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һƬҽʯ֮ѣ˫Ŀŭǰһɫƹ֣۵һſ޿ڣ³һɫصĺ˻ɫ֮ϡ
ֻǽƹŤΣ֮˷ע֮£ϼһʢĻָ
Ѿ֪ͨ˶֣һҪάסƣŷѸ𹥻۵Ԫһˣȵ
ԣ۸ߵ˵ͷԪѹȻǶһ˽˴˴ģȻ˴֮У;ԲܵģӲģٺ١
ʱʱŽɫ㣬ֵܵļ֮ӴһδεĳײŽƹ֡
ء
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Ʒ
޼״ǰһģصһǽǿڷɽһĶɣ漴޿һţۣһֱҵĽɫͷɫɽȥ
ţ޲ᣬײƣ֮ɫһףͷάֽԽԽǿˡ
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ҵȲҪˣ޷˺ޣǾȹ̽ưɡԪ˵һ֮ɫ
Ҷɿ˿ޣԥ֮ɫ˵ԼҪõԼնҲдãҲҶһĿġ
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˶ڴ˴ΧޣҶҲö뿪ʵ󽵣ˣԸҲǼ
һ˼ҶɶԪԪѣŷѿɷҶĳһ£ڹһޣñֵͨ
ԣԪ΢΢һ㶣ҶɼۡҶа취Ըޣ
ûаգԿѡҶɴ
Ԫȴǵ˵ͷ촽һžŷ˴ɻĴһҶɣ漴Ԫһۣǵ˵ͷ
ţٴʩչɫɽԼǿɫɽ߶£֮޼ȥ
״ոײƹֵһ٣һԥ֮£ſһ磬һɫȥ
ڴ˿̣ҶɵУ֪ʱĳһɫУӲң
ȥ޸ոʹñ֮ͨʣյҶйֶݣһģ֮£֮ͬһ㣬ûڡ


234 Σ
ԪֻǼһģУûڣҲңʵ벻жܡ
һ̣˺ѷΰĺȴ˽⵽һն֮
ʱҲ֪ΪΣǰһ֮˥˲٣Ҳû֮ǰƣܵļ֮ƺֵҲЩ
һŭƺǺľƴ֮緢һĿĹԭʹĽƹ֮ϡ
صһɫһȻѶ޳֮󣬳ϵûгĴָ֮ΧӴܶȥ
һĻһ㶣漴ɫɻĿҶɡ
ҶѾȻ֮պ޻ƣԭܵѹƣټΧպ޷ֵҶѵĹֲǰϷԪѳ֣ȴʹñͨġŷЦ
ҶѹȻʵˣٺ٣˷ҶѲˣ޶޷ġԪҲЦ
λˣ²ǹպÿ޶ѣˣ˵ʲôʱ᷵أҵȲҲȥĴҶ˵һ䡣
Ԫһԥ˿˼Ҳ뷨ǵͷͬ⣬˶ݹһžĴľɶݶȥ
Ҷ˵ż˴˶࣬Ҳʹֻܾ߶ݹ⣬˱ִųƽٶȡ
ʼҶҲû뵽˷ƴֵܼ֮϶䶨Ȼ¼֮壬ԲųԪ۳ն״йޣĴʹñֵͨҶɲԪ˳֣ȱʹóͨ
Ҷɷ֣Ԫָ֮ٶȼ죬ȻָϿһЩ
ʮպ֮ݳƮɢŵɫİ˳ů⣬ϼ˸ʱɫľַΧ
ڴ˴ַʮ֮Ҷɵڼľ˿̣ݣӶ˲ɾ
ǰ˲ɵ΢΢һ㶡
ԪѣôˣĪޱɱˣʵ
ûʱҲһˣˣҵȸϿɼһЩȥüǮġԪһЦ˵
ԪڣЩ˸һľǸڵھ
ҶɵľٶȴЩ⣬һҲûвɼ侹Ȼգٵȡһöö
Ҷѣ˵ƷʵԳۣ㵹ɼһЩʵһЩԪѵ
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ƮһֻҶʮָһööɫɣûֻС
Ҳ֪˶ã˸оԽԽѰңľϵĽɫʵҲʣ޼ӣҶȡ
״ԪæŴҺλĪҪ̰ˣҵȸϿ뿪˷ջѾ㹻
ԣ˽ĵ˵ͷ˽𣬱ɫһ䣬ֻһ֣˰Χ
һֻ֮߰ߣǰ˵ֻֻޣŶʮɸߵӣȥĸߴȫɫ䣬һȵϢȥȻͬӤϹְ㣬˾޴ѹ֮С
˷ĿԸӦֻޣûдﵽڣӦǴڽڴԲ۷״̬ƺֻһ˿ǿԴﵽ֮
һĻɫ䣬ֻЩޣ޵ĳһ˵ĴǱΣ
ҶҲ۽һоֻޣȻԼеĴ䲻æ
漴һ֮£һĨâȻ֮С
ӣԪһ䣬˼æݹһ𣬷ֱӴܶȥ
ֻۣɫɶݳˣɫĵɶͨһֵԭء
һɫ԰ףǹѪһϢ󽵣ȥǱϴҵľ֮ɫ
ҶȴһֱûΪоֻһֱԼһԥҶɱǲµ˼֣ӦҪԼ
ֻǣǴ˿̽޾ͻŹˡ
ҶڣŹϼƺʱԼԵһ㣬һǰޡ
ԪҲվΣѰŻᣬȴûмӴܡ
ȻҶһ˦ֻ޷ֱȥ
ֻ޵ֿҶɹϵһͺȡͬʱ˼æҷɶݶӣҶҲܼԱΣһŤ֮£һģĶ˵£ûöߡ
ҶɼæΧȥһ˼֮أʵض⵽ѹƣҲӦ½١
ֻǲ֪˷мܹߣҶ˼֮ʣɫһ鷢ˡ
߳޾ȻһǰһĶסҶɣ޷ӳ⼫֮أ״Ҷɲһȥ׷ˣȻȫԼ
֮£Ҷֻܼŵȥֻޣ׷ѣҶŵȥݵ֮ǲҶɲʲôƺò˶þͻᱻ׷ϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɸûʱ俼ֻƴŵ¶ȥأ֮ʧ֮ȴԽԽأҶԼͷϾľּ֮صġ
ۡһһɫˣҶɹϮҶâһɫƻ
صһ졣
Ҷ󻤶ܵըѳһѺۣǺɢһԲʮɴСյش
дһƺߣҶɫһףſһžѪ˳ƺ֮ԶоѪڣྭҵļѹ·Ҫһ㡣
ϸ룬Ҷƴ߶ݵֻ֮ԼԽԽҶɸо徹ȻЩ⣬߽ٳ֡
ԽԽأֻƺҲżƴ׷ҶɣƺϾҪ׷ϣ״ҶмͷҲǲ˺ˮ
һֻ޾΢΢һ壬ҶٴμѹȥҶӳȭϣ赲һѹ
ڵж㣬һʵҲǴۿۣҶֻһܵ˾޴ѹжҲǱóٻⲻҶɰż
ʱ޺ȻֻǰԺһֻ޵ΣٵĴ·ȥ
ǴﵽҶƽеĵزֻ輸֮࣬׷Ҷɣȴǳһ˿֮⡣
۵һһûҶͷ֣ǴӲ湥״ҶҲǿֲĹӽݵ֮ת·ٶȥ
ֻǸо৵һ£һڣһδ֪ĿտطޱȣֻǻȴЩԥƺǲҼ׷ӡ


235 
Ҷɸоһտ֮أҪʲôݵ֮Ӧһ޴ĵ¶Ѩһ˻ˮ֮
ͷСĵطǴﵽ˶ֻ޾Եǻȴûиҽ¶Ѩ
Ҷɾǣо˴ޱȣǴ߶ֿҲɵЩβȥ֮أֲֻ޲׷
ƺԼҲ޷Ϊ߶޷ֵҶҲһǿֵӡ
һ˼Ҷɱһ߶Ԫͷųһ˿̼䣬һů⴫ȫܼ֮롣
ʱԪļ֮Ǳ˴룬ֻޣ˿ûȥ֮⡣
״ҶӣЩӡ
ˣҳ·˵ܺȥҲǰ취˵껰Ҷ̧˦һҹ飬˴¶ѨճһƬİĹϼ
˴Ѩǰ󲻼Եʮ֮ޣǰ󲻼Եڣһ˼Ҷɱǰȥ
ҶЩεǣֻҲȥȻԼǰƶҲ붴Ѩ׷һȥӡ
״Ҷɲᣬһֱ֮ãԪ֮ѺľҶҲǸоȫޱ
ʱҶˮ֮ƺһЩּ˴֮ãȻ֣ǰһʮ·ڣһʮɿĵ°ӣᴩ˴˴Ѩ
ȻˮضȻгڣ֮˱ǿģҶɰֻҪ˳£ضﵽڡ
ҶˮԵˮ峺ŵâײɫͬˮһ㡣
һ˼Ҷûиֱˮһָڰߣˮһ㡣
һ̣Ҷɫһףͬҧһ㼱æָ֣⴫һľʹ
Ҷ𾪵ǣоƽƽˮǽԼָȴû˿ļ
˳ָ⴦һɫ˿ߣȫҶɸоޱȡ֮
ԱϣҶɣƺжҲǻ伱æһţϥԪһתǽɫ˿գʹ岻ǰǰ䡣
üͷһ壬ҶΪ˻֮⣬Ԫתļ֮ȫա
о֮ʧˬޱȣĹһ˿˿֮ٴ壬ҶٴԪա
չԪǻָҶɾϲ֮£Ǽ˼֮ԪҲ׳ƺбļ
һ˼Ҷɼæһ䣬৵һ£װĴУһҶȡһöſһ͡
֮£ҶɱǽȥһɾŨļ֮鲼ȫоůޱȣҶԪһתǽɫ˿ԪҲǻָһЩ֮
Ҷһ߳һżֻ֮ѣ˫Ŀ¶ŭĿ⣬ȴʼղ̤붴Ѩֺ

ľ⼸ǱӰ˵ϣһϢޣȥƺǸո䲻á
һɫӰٵż֮ȥ޽׷ᣬſ³һɫŻӰȥ
˵Ӱݣ伱æųһɫֵϣصһԭЩѺ۵ĶƣȻһѶ
ֲನɣһĵ˥ڵأɫ԰ףǹһ˿ѪѪģȱ֫ϱۣȥһϢӡ
Сɽ޴ǰ޿һ֮£ǽȥҲξ׽һ֮£ǰȥ
ǰԶһݵʯںȻɫһ䣬ٲмӿ˼֣ڼ֮ƺʵƽ٣Ҳǿĳ档
ʯڳ֮رԵʱ޳˹ſһ磬һɫʯںȥ
ͬһĻʯֻ÷ųһƵֵڼ֮ľ֮£ȻһѶ
ֲನֻһ֮£ǽʯڵƷȥصһ˥ڵأֻʯâһֻɫ԰ףȥ޴󰭡
һȴҲʯڳ׳˾֮أ伱æݹһƴǰӴܶȥ
һĻ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ǰ֮Ȼ֮ǿȴûеʲôʯڼ׷ȥ

˿̵ҶɣЩˣԼҲЩͷԣΪҶնûм¼ԼھĹ̡
֮࣬ữΪͬͷ­СԪϳһƣ½һ㣬ˣҲʹﵽնļ¡
˿Ҷȴɫأ˵ؼ֮Ũټļ֮㣬Ԫ˼¡
ҶɸˣԪȻըѶȻ»ΪҺ壬䶯һֲֿٶȣ֮ܵ
֮Ǻ˵˴Ũ֮Ҷֻͨ䣬һʱȴҲӦϣնϣδش˿̵ô¡
Ҳ֪˶ãҺ壬ȻĿϼҺ䶯֮䣬ǻΪԲΡ
Ҷ׹ô£䵤ڣҺ壬ȻûһһֻߣȥӨޱȵӤӡ
ʲôǣҶ۽һ˵
ԪӤյ֮ԽԽ࣬һ֫ҲǱýȫ˫˫ţǿȥЩ۵С֣Ҳޱ
漴Ӥ٣ҲԽԣ˵δƣϡԷֱҶ߷ơ
أӤӰŽɫϼ֮ӤǿüԽڷ·һ˿Եӡ


236 
˵Ҷɲ˿̵ΪԪΪӤ̬һԿ϶Ǿǿ϶ûл˹Ӧǽˡ
뵽Ҷɲлϲϵܼ֮Ҳǲͣ伫֮
ʱҶظоֻɫӤȷʵһ˿ԣԼԼȫԿƵӡ
Ӥһȫ֫Ķ˼£ëɼҲڿԿ䳤࣬Ҷһ޶ӣܲʱһƬƬɫΡ
ȻֻӤȻСһüë΢һֱŵ˫ĿȴǼ仺ƺǺľȫһ㡣
ãӤ۾Ҳǲδ˹ȴһֲּٶ֮·ڸ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɵɫһ㶣漴ɫ΢䣬֪Уеȴǲ֪ʱıԼԹ⡣
֮ٲ䣬ĿһĽɫӤȻʧ˫ĿЩĺ
״ҶЩ֮ɫؼ֮ȴʧˣֻôһ㣬ӤĿȴҲ޷
֮ڷ䣬ɫӤ˫ĿŬڵͣҶɿɲڳǰﱻ̵ζ
һ֮£Ҷֻʹֹͣռ֮ɫӤ˫Ŀı
˵Щ׼һ̹һҶɻЩϧ֮ɫĪһ˿ʧ䡣
ãҶ̾ϢһҡͷЦ޷ǿҲֻԵˣԺл취
ĿǰԪı仯ȷʵǳնĹҲ֪ջﵽʲô״̬
˵꣬Ҷһ˼ʧ֮⣬Щڴ
˵ֻӤûгҶҲǳ˾ϲ֮ɫΪӤڣҶɸо˺嫵֮ǰԪ޷⡣
ҶЩƵǣԼȴ޷ʹǹɺ嫵ֻܹ֮һֶѣҲ֮ǰԪǿᱶ
ҪǣҶٴ˴˵ɸо䣬ȴǲʼǰ޷ܣƺ֮Լ֮ķҲ
Ȼڴ˴£Ҷɱǲż뿪̧ͷ˿棬ʶһɨֻ޾Ȼδȥ
Ҷɽ뵽⴦¶Ѩ֮ãⲻҶЩ⣬ӣֻޣǺԼˡ
Ҳ֪ˣȻ˴˰ȫһʱ䣬Ϳֻܺĵʲôʱ򡣡Ҷһ˵
侭ľʶ֮Ѵﵽ˽ڵҪֻǷһ˿ﵽ۷塣
Ҷ˼ţڴ˵رչһʱ䣬ܽãڼ뿪ԼԶݶȥһڱչأ˴˵֮أҲǱȽŨ
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶվΣ˿˫㣬΢Ц㻹㵽ʲôʱ򣿻𣿡
Ƭ̺󣬾ǰ˽Ҫ뿪ֻ޳֮ʣǵӵȻҶɿ֮ڵâһĴڳΪһɫСߡ
ˣ˵ؼ̫֮أС໹ֿܵһЩһǲˣҪһˡС໰䣬ǲһ£Ҷ֮ڡ
״ҶЦЦڵô
˷İɣСڵȡԱǼһȡĶ࣬ٺ١Сഫ˵
ԣҶɵ˵ͷĬƬ֮һۣٴ
˫ĿһգԪת֮£ٵܵԪֻޣЩ
գһֻ뿪˴˵أֻʣһֻڴ˵ؿҶɣҶǲܲ

ԥϲһȻ͵ƽԭϣһͽһӰڸǻ
˽Żɫ͸©һɲɣϢ֮һңӲӵĴӡϡɣ
ԥ֮һܣһЩͨķݣǿȥԶһƬɽȥвٵӶ档
˿̣֮ڣһ۵ӣеƷһ裬һ׷ͯյߡ
ɴϺԲΪ俴һͯߣʦܣ鰲ŵˣʱ䣬ò˼Ҫʼˡ
ϣ˷ħѪɽΪɫĵӶǰȥǽڣɽǰȥֻҪ֣Ǳкܴϣȡʤġͯ˵һ䡣
ţǾͺãˣɱ˿ԲȥȻǰȥΪ˵ߣһʵȴʦ֮ϵġƷһ裬
ԣͯߵ˵ͷЦģȻѾΪ˷׼Ͼ˷ǻֳڵؽҲһĻᡣ
ȻԲģңҲڱ⣬ʦܻúðһµġ˵꣬ͯߵͷһЦ
ţȻǰȥҲͷˣǺǣεĸŻʤɡ˵꣬һЩĬ

󣬾ѨڣһŰµĿϥһϢӯŵɫϼ
Ƭ̺˫Ŀһڴﵽ˳۷壬벻˷չأȻ˳ʱ䣬Խľ磬Խˡ
ˣҶɣ
΢˼Ƭ̣䵥һֻһһֻɫƿУĵҩ
ҶѾã˷ڣɹԣʧܵĻҸ뿪ֻ޵ȷԼˡ
ʱ䣬ֻ޾ȻԼֻûгޣԼ֮á
һ˼Ҷ˫Ŀһգת֮£ͻڡ


237 
¶Ѩڣ
Ҷŵɫϼ۶ԪۼͷҶɹעȥ
һϢҲǴﵽڵһ㣬Ԫת֮£Ԫдһ֮
֮ãҶɿкȻһ󳩿ĸߺ֮ڽ𵤱һȦ࣬Ҷһ·
ͷԭ۳ԪҶڽһֲּ֮ն룬ָܻ˰Ҷϼһ˫Ŀ
ৣâ˫Ŀ֮бҶһ˫ȭȵķɵ΢΢һЦ
ڵڣħʱΧضȻɱ˵ģٺ٣˵껰Ҷɳ˿оˬ
ΪԪٶҲǰ㹻֮ҲƵӤˡ
ֻϧӤûԣһ嫵֮Ҳûа취˵ҶĿǰ̫˽ΪԼļʶҲۼƣһ⿪յ׵ġ
仳նһֹһδƵϵԪƵӤ⼸淽ʽ޼ȻҲֻҶɵһ²ѡ
Ϣ£Ҷɻָ״̬ʶһֶѨ֮ϣȻأû˿ȥ˼
ҶҲЩϰˣ޲Ҳʲô΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷɶ˶񣬱վΣҹʹϼŶѨǰȥ
ҶǰһޱһҶɵλãͬһȥ
ݹһҶԽ˼֮Ũĳӣŷյʱ䣬ŵ˶İߡ
ʱϷҲǽҶͣ٣Ҳͣ
⾿ͨʲôطҶɿһ漴ǰС
պҶɺȻɫһ伱æ·ȥһɫӰ˵ϣӯֻǱ֮ȫ̡
˵ϢȴȫޣɢҲ˻ͻͻģԵӣˣҶһͬ˴˫ֵ̥֮һ
΢Ƭ̣Ҷ̾˿˴Ѩ룬ֱǾһԼҲЩ̷
Լϰ̺֮ĹͨŽӹһ٣±˺£ض
ǰİȻûôˣǱ׷ĻŲ·ˣҲǣδޣڼ֮ʱ󷨽ƣǲ˺ֺЩơ
ľභûκ׼󷨸ʱ򣬶Ȼ޵Ķ֣ҴҲǰġ
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһУವһһֻڰɫӰϼҶɵС
ţ䵥һһŻϣҶǶݹһ𣬼·
ºҶɸоԼӦǳ˾ķΧֵǣûпѨľͷҲĺĺˮͷϵȴһֻֻ
ߣܸʲôʱ򣡡Ҷ˵꣬ǲᣬԶȥ
֮ҶЩˣֻȻ֪ƣĸҶɣһ̵ҶĲֵ˼
Ҷɴ˿ҲټŶѨˣȲ˵Լ֪Ѩͨδ澿ûΣգҶɵԶЩԼ棬Ҳʧĺϡ
оһ̧ͷ˿ڷ򣬺ȻһЦЦ
ţ䵥µһŤΣһ̣ҶɵӰ۵һû뵽˵
״ֻ޴󼱣ĸоҶԼԽԽԶĵķ֮ȴ޿κΣ˿ҽ붴Ѩ
˿̵ҶɣǴֱŵȥоԼԽԽԶҶΪȫҪֻ˦˵ʱȴ֮ɫ
ֻޣڲĵĶˣ˵ֱȥ׷ҶɣȴһԶݵضȥõʱ䣬ƹѨͨ׷Ҷɡ
ߣô޷ǵѡҶЩƵһȴǲ¶ߣ˳ŶѨλãǰȥ
߰յʱ䣬ֻƹ˶ѨҶɵ󣬷׷Ҷɡ
״Ҷɷǵûż¶һ˿ϲɫ䲻ԶӶݣǾֱһ壬޿ҪӽʱҶٴλص˶Ѩ֮ڡ
ߣ˷׷˵껰ҶɶݹһϷٶȥ۵һû֮С
ʱҶɽݵ֮߶˼£Ҳǰǰƣֻ˲յʱ䣬ǳ˵棬ֻޣȴڷƹѨͨû׷
ԤϣҶɸһݳ棬ܽǺˮϼһγһһ˶ߵĽɫˮ֣漴Ϸȥ
պҶɳˮ棬ֻޣǸո׷ˮУֻˮĶ٣ûǰ졣
Ҷɿûᣬݹһˢһ嵽˰գ·ܴƬ̣ԶԶĿ˾λá
꣬ҶҲĻʧ΢һǶݹһĳٶȥԼ俴䱳󣬳һʰ㾧Өᡣ
ºҶɴӾӹֻʧȥټҲ֪Ƿ׷ǱҶԶԶ˦
ҶҲû뵽˷һУȻ֮ãǰʲô񣬻Ҳᳬ꣬Ҷŵһж
ΪɢޣǺŽԣΪһ˿һϣƴƮĻҲŹɢһ·ʵźߣȴҲǼ־
ЩĸпҶŷص·ɶݶȥżĺгֵͽޣҶ˳ֳи߽ƴɱԶԶıֻܿºһ׺ۣʻ


238 ֶƵ
ĺԵʿգƺʲô
˵ԥħѪҪˣٺ٣Ҳ֪ж档һ¿˵ΪǴﵽڡ
ԣһƤ׾ΪĻ΢΢һЦ̾ϢܵҲˣħѪѱ¢ˡ
ٺ٣ҵȥ˼Ҳġ˵꣬ЩЦЦһ˿֮ɫ
ֵǣ˵Ϊȴ˿ûСǰ˼Ҳ֪к̡
Ǻǣ⵹ǣҵɢ޲벻飬ڴõĺãӽĺȴ䵥ҲͱҶˡЩЦ˵
ܵѣҵȻСΪ˵һνնɱڵˣ˷һҪڳ嶯ϵģһܶ֡
ǣܵشűʤİղУһѻָΪϼǰѰǾ鷳ˡһ˵һ䡣
ٺ٣Ҳ̫ˣƾҶ˵ĺ֣޷ɱһ߽ףشǺ׵ģǶԷͨҲ˭Ҳκβ˭ˣǵĶԷҰѰ𣬴ٻط뿪ǡ¿˵ƺԶ˵ĺּĵӡ
ʱһƿ֮ĺмһɫݹٶȼ죬ģ֮£Ҫĺӡ
ףڣƺǸսײõӣôܵѣԸӦЩյİɣЦ˵
ԣ¿һ˵ͷ漴ݹһǰɫӰǰȥպý
״ɫӰһ٣ݹһ֮£һŰ£Ƥ׾ò㣬Щɣ֮¶ΣŶʮӡ
λѣԼֵܶ˶֣꿴˿꣬Цеһ䡣
Ҷɣ俴˿ˣʶһĻȴǺȻ뵽壬ֻǵԼйᣬûʲôģҲ·
ǰ֮ѵ˾磬˵˶£ѳͣʹŹˣҲʲôڸ֮⡣
뵽Ҷ΢΢һЦŶ˵λǶְɣոսڣҶɸպÿһԼΪжĽչ
ಣһɫϼڻڼȻٶȼ죬˳ֵǹϡ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУʶ֮ѽӽڣԷСȻûӹҶɵʶ
һҶһӣৣʮڽɫɽһŻ꼤ȥ
ʲô߽鱦ɫ΢䣬ҲǱ֣ǰҶЩֵӡ
ԼеıﲻǶ׷ֵܵסҶɵĹ뵽˴ֱӶ˺֡
һˢһһ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһӰһɫսǹɢͭɫϼȥЩ֮⣬ȴûκϢ
ףҶЩ֮ɫһֻܣҶ⻹ǵڶοܣɵЩ֮⡣
˿룬¿Ҳǳ֣һ׷̽Լһն
ҶһΣȻһڳֻǰһ֮£ǽ̽һɡ
ŵŵţҶԼҲǵ
ͬʱ¿ƺûںҶɵֵסԼĹв֪ʱĳһֻɫᦣڰգдʵѡ
أһ֮ǹͭɫֳսǹ껤ϬҲ޷˺ǻӡ
ͭɫսǹâѸٵصֵסܵĽɫɽ˵ˣǹ֮ϣԳһϸСĻڡ
󣬹ǱĪ⣬ֻ֮䣬ڷɽն˹ͭɫܵͷؿڣԼ󱳴
ɽն֮˴С˿ڣⲻĻһ֣һ߽鱦ɽķ̶ȷʵ¡
ҶҲЩԾҲ֪ǺֲƶɣȻſȶ׷壬ղǼնĵطǻͨ࣬ѻٵ˶ԷսҲһ롣
ֲһ֮ˣȻԼǰ˿η壬ЩֶΣһˣҲ޷նɱԷ˺ƼڣҲֻгߵķݡ
ۿſ˵·磬ֻм֮ȴûʲôΣգǿ˿ηʹĵֿĹ
ܵѣ˱ǻǲҪˡԱϣȴٴοǵâҶɼȥҶֳֺڽһžһ죬âԼҶɿһֻηǰ
ʱܺȻһ磬һһСĺɫᦴ˰ա
ᦿȥ죬ɫҲϵɢһɹɹɭȻĸоɢһǺ֮˸еЩֲ
źâ֮ڣһֻֻ˫Ŀɺ죬еһצҪҶɡ
״Ҷһ˦ˢһʮڷɽΪҶɲûڶ콣ֻǺҵĽɽźɫնȥ
ۣһֻֻһնȻΪһźâһһ̼䣬ٴλΪһֻ
״Ҷɲɵ˫Ŀһ
ٺ٣Сӣذ׷ˣֵѵм׿ܣԼϷᦣֻˡ˵껰󷨾һ䣬Ǿ޴ĺɫһ㡣
˵һâƵҶǵصһ˶ȥҶɼæн轣նɱ˹ģ꣬ʵǱˮн
ΪֲǣҶܵĻ⣬ֻɫҧĹϼһ޷̫õӣ˿̣ǻ꣬ƺ׼ʲôŷϴ֮ɫ


239 ţ
ҶɼֲܿҪҧƿʱ򣬲ɵ˫Ŀһ˹˵𲻸ߣ˱⣬ûп֮Ļѽܡ
뵽ҶڵɫӤ΢΢һһָ̣һɫ˿ߣ֮
һâ۵һûҶǰһɫڣһҽдӰΪһ̵ʧҲ޷ʼʱٴΡ
Ȼ֮ԿЩĹħҶ˵˽⵽һ㣬֮ȴ޷û
ֻնɱߣ߻ٵ˱ԱϣҶɿ˿ֻ޴ᦣ治֪˶ٶ
ʱҶɱһֻѪɫȻҧһѺۣλΪһƺâĽ뵽˻֮ڡ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫκξţҪ׼֮˵Ӱ
һ̣һĻˣ
Ҷеڤɻ꽣Ȼ΢΢һ漴ֶͷųһĺɫǺɫϯ
ǺɫڽԼܵĺɵɫһŤ־·ǿʲôµĶһ㣬μٵҪ˳ҶɵĻ⡣
жǱɫһ֮£ڤɻ꽣֮С
ţڤɻ꽣ͷųԽŨȻҶɵĻ⣬̼ɢһЩ״һȥ
˿̣ٲֶӰڤɻ꽣֮У˻صᦸ
ˢһڤɻ꽣Ȼᦷһɶȥ˲ͷųĺɫ֮С
ɱڣɫֻһҽ֮Ҳ߾Ρ
״ⲻɵ˫Ŀһɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶȴһûᦵߣҶɼûʲôв
һҶɵ漴΢΢һ㡣
ڷתʶһڣʶ۵һˢһһԷֵâֻǸոҶɵָ⡣
һ̣Ҫ׼ʲôֶεһͣϺȻһ˿ľګ֮ɫһϢʧһɶ৵һ£ŵ׹ȥ
ٺ٣벻ļȻܣƺûʲô˺ȷɢˣֻǣʶĳ̶̫Ҳֻʹһζѡ˵꣬ҶЩɫ԰׵ҡҡͷ
˷ԸߣԭҲô˵ȹģֻҶԴļһֱδʹùԲһжܡ
䣬ԶһȻ֮ɫûпҶγֻ֣һ㣬Ӱŵ׹ȥ
ʲô¶ݣЩŵĿҶɣ漴ᦿ˿
һ̣ε΢΢һ¶һ֮ɫ
ڶԸΪֵᦣ˿ܺɫޣȫҲ֮ɫǻͻͻһīĳᦵ֮ڣ·ʲô
һṦᦺâȻԾʧΪͨһ㣬ŵ׹ȥڤɻ꽣ڰձһĿϼ΢΢
ڤɻ꽣Ȼһ֮·Ǽ˷һ㣬ٴϯһâԼ䣬һĺڷӰڤɻ꽣֮ڼ
ϯɷ֮ڤɻ꽣Ļ꼤ȥ
̼䣬ܺһУܺɫһڤɻ꽣ֶ
ֻҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ¶˼֮ɫڽ֮ϣվһɫӰȫ·һ벻ʵ壬˫Ŀɺ죬ʮָָףʺѪ
ץŲ֪壬漴·һӣͬʱԶĹͭɫ˿ƣȴǹϼһ˰գһӡ
̤ڤɻ꽣ݣȥɭȻܲʱһ磬ȥòֲһ˫ɺ˫ĿҶɡ
ǣӳ˯̫ãؼˣСӣ˷㹦ͲСΪ㣬ȥЩսƷ㶼߰ɡҶɣһֲɵĿԸ
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240 
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241 
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243 
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Ҷɻصסϥ°ɣһ˼֮ɫ
ܾһҵİ֣ҼԽߣսԽǿ⼸൱ڶһһ㣬ֻǼ۸̫
ԣҶɾһ£ܷԼѧϰƣԼնɱ꣬׼ȷ˵Ǻնɱġ
˵ڣһͨڣҲžԵƣ㲻ܽԷɱȴ׾֮¡
˸߼ܣԽսҲǲܵ飬ȡø߽ˣ˵ҪԼֻ֣ƾܾͿ԰쵽ˣٺ١˵꣬Ҷ¶һڴ֮ɫ
պĿҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ˿ſڴͬʱ⴫һ
Ҷǰ룡˵꣬˵ǳĬҶһ˼һģʧ
ԼôһٷĹ¥ҶɵӰ˴˴ȹŮӷ¡
ӣʲôϢҶ˴Щ˵ӡ
Ҷѣҵһᣬѵ𣿡һЦ漴˵Ҷһ㶵Ļ
ŷһɫȹʤѩֻӨҶɣ¶һɰģҶĳһ̺Ȼһ
ҶЩ΢㶣֪ʱ
ȻһЦֻ۾״ҶѲҪ⣬㿪ЦˣǴ̽һЩϢ
Ŷ֪ǺϢҶ˵꣬˫ĿŷҲһЦĿҶɣֻ¶Ƭ糺졣
Ƭ̺ҶɺȻоЩԣæ˿ȥ·ЩĿĵĴܣһֻƷľϣɵָö档
գҶŲЭеһ˿ΣǰŮ޽Ӵ̸˽ľ룬Ůе㣬ҶҲܹޱȵŵ
һˣҶɶſһҲͰˣǰϾǸŮӣȷʵЩ֮ȴû˼
ҶѣΪû˫ް£ѵ¯ҲйҶ˷Ӧһϳɵӣ˵һ䡣
Ȼһ䣬ҶϵʱоЩ̣һֱûнӴŮ֮£ҲٽӴŮӣ˵ҶЩ̫
ȿȡӣҶĳ̸ģ㵽ûϢҶҲһۣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣһ˿֮ɫ̴ϣ΢Ц۶ǰһ˿´Ҷɣ·һƷһ㡣
Ҷ˵㲻Ӣݿ㣬һۣԼ͸¶һ˿еʣü¶Ӽ֮ɫֻЩɣ֮УҲ֪󵽵ľָоҪ˽뷨
Ҷ˵ûпľٶȴûӹҶɵĸ֪бЩ˵֮һ㲢Ů֮鿴úأŮ֮Ҳ˰ܻ䣬ⷽҲֱӵʻԼԼƷһԼ
ȻûϢҶĳˣϣӡԺҪЦҶĳûôʱܵġ˵껰Ҷɱվɫһ˵
˻ƺҲعɵɫһ죬̴ƺʲôҪ˵ȴЩԥӡ
ҶѣݵϢѾҶת֮ʣڿ˵ˡ
ԣҶһ٣Ȼתһ۷ɫȴѻָһ֣صĵϣԷ飬֪ںδ
ҶѣӦ֪Ϣ޳ṩġҲǰŮ̬ɫһ˵
ֻǶ˵Ǹ뷨
Ŷ޷ӾܿڣϢҪʯҶĳܵķΧڣǿԵġҶЩȻ˵
ҶѣϢҲйأǷ׼ȷһʯ׺ڲ÷ڡɫһ˵
ҶɵŶǲ֪ϢҪʯ
ݾͨɫҲҪʮʯҶѵһǺͽѣʹϢ׼ȷҲ㲻
ΣҶѽһʯţΣ˵꣬תĿҶɡ
һʯáҶ˵᷽ȴǲŮȡһֻ׸˷
ӹʶһɨ漴ͷ𣬿ڵݵ飬Ӧݣ˽ƺûгɹȥ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷһл֮󣬱תȥ
ĬãҶʧıӰ£¶һ˼֮ɫ
ߵϢѵֻ֣ǲ֪ԴǷҪܲңˣȿʵΣ˷Ƿܹȡ˵ɣ
ĲУֻڳ˽ˡ˵꣬Щԥӣ϶˼֮⡣

߰պҶڴӵ䣬˵ԥһɢޣԭ÷֮ˣӦǶܳҲ÷ǡ
˵ʵǿΪǴﵽ۷壬ƺֻһʹﵽڵΪ
Ҷɲû̫⣬ֻҪԲ֮£ҶɼǲУ߻׾֮£ڣҶҲĿһս˲֪µԲſܸҶɴһЩв
÷һ۵Ľȥͬͨסլһ㣬Ҷɵγſڴһ˼Ǵ˼䡣
һṦ򣬴һҶԺ䣬ܼΣûзκ쳣֮󣬱мһ䷿ȥ
Ŷ룬󣬰򵥣һӣɫ߽Ҷɡ
ҶɣðãӵѼ¡Ҷɹ˵˵ҲûиоƲҶڴ˵ϣȴǸоһ˿ΣյĸоǺٷģɼ˶ȻʲôֶΡ


245 ɱ
ӿ˿Ҷɣɫ˵Ҷѣ֪кĳ
ԣҶ˰ڵѣ˵ݣÿɷʵ
ӺȻ˫Ŀһ漴΢еĿҶɣû˼棬ҶϢȻͨеȷһݡ
˵껰¶ɻ֮ɫ
ѣ¿żɽҶĳҪһֵҩ֪ѴγۣҶɿ˿ӣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣüͷһ壬漴ЦЦʵĳʱ˵Ҫ۵ģݣĳԼҲЩôġ
ǺǣһǰѻῼһµġҶ΢Ц˵һ䡣
ȻˣҶѴ򣿡ЦеĴҶɡ
״ҶһԼҶԷ䶨ȻûӼ۵ģҲ֮٣ԷҲҪݣЩ鷳ˡ
ѣ˵¶ʯԳۣҶĳҲһҪõģǻҶĳܷΧڣһῼһҶɫһ˵
Ǻǣ鷳ˣ²ۣҶذɣ֮ǰ뻻ȡĳҲὫóĳȷҪġҲɫһƺǳû̧۵ӡ
׳֮һЩ֮˶ЩôҶҲҪԼڶˣſʥǴ󷨣ӣӵȷǲۣ۸ûп
ѣ֪֮ǰ뻻ȡǺ˵Ҷĳ취ȡݵģѻҪʲôϣǿԽһҶ˫ĿһУ˵˵һ䡣
ٺ٣ãȻˣĳ˵裬񣬻Ϭǣ֪ҶѣϿ⼸Ʒһ˵
ԣҶüһ⼸ֶһֶǼϧ֮Լеģһ˼Ҷ˫Ŀһ
Ǻǣѣҵ޷Ϊ˾гһտԳӤ֮Ȼ׻ӤȾ磬Ҫȹħһ١
֪ѶȤרſħ֮˵ȫħҲħͲ٣Ӳٽ׼ʵġҶɺȻɫȻ˵
ʲô˫Ŀһûָ΢΢һ٣֮һ˫ĿҶɣ´ãȻ˫ĿһС
Ǻǣ벻ҶϾȻ̬һ˵ɨҶһۣȴ¶ԥ֮ɫ
״ҶЦЦڵҲֻˣֲϣӦûһЩġ
ŶԭˣǺǣҶӦòԥʿɣӺȻһת˵һ䡣
ҶҲûںʲôͷ֮ˣôѶȤ
ŶȡݣҲԣ»Ҫۼſɡ˵껰ЩɵĿҶһۡ
ԣҶһ˼һ䣬৵һ£кȻһڱںڣĴָϸȥͨͨ
״˫Ŀһһ˿ϲɫָԾû棬յҶǽ
Ҷѣĳ߼ۣɷ񣿡Ƭ̣ӺȻ뽻㹺
Ҷü΢ԼҪݣǽ޷õˣӵȷԼҲҪݵģ治׼ۡ
˼ֻһֻ׼ȡݣģҶĳҪȻߣҲԻȡġҶЦЦ˵˵һ䡣
ӳĬã仺̧ͷڵҶѣ治ۣ
Ҷ˿ſڵĻش
Ƭ̺ӺȻһЦҶüͷһ塣
ڵΪҶһҲǱʿԭĳ֣óĳص֮ֻˡ˵껰һǿϢһţɫ˲ú
ԣҶɫ䣬ȴг΢΢һЦƺԤһ˵ŶȻˣҲлõݵġ
ǲС÷֮ˣڣм˸Ҷĳ˵֮УǵһˣȻĳ⡣ӼҶ򶨣һ˿ɻ󣬵˵
ҶһڣԼڶ壬ңԼļֶζԸҶɣӻЩĵģҶӵĻᶼûС
һλᣬĳԸһЩʯΣȻ˵ȴַ̧ųһīɫһƷ
״ҶվΣûд𻰣ǵһ̧ˢһųʮڽɫɽԼ
߽鱦ɫ΢䣬ֲôţ챦뵽һ
ˢһһ⼤һĺȻΪһɫԲһͽ鱦ܲʱһɫ׻ȥܲӡ
Сӣֲţԭи߽鱦Ϊĳû鱦𣿹õõһ׸߽鱦ķɽչȻǺӺȻһЦ˵
ֻ޸ˣ˵꣬Ҷ̧һнɫɽһӼȥ
״ӼæһɫԲ΢΢һžž֮ڶһɫ׻ϡ
ţŰʮڷɽһɶȥ
ҲܽΣһವһҶɳȥȭֱ֮â
״Ҷһȭ֮£˷°âһӱȥ
أȭԣһ죡
˫΢΢һΣǰȻ£ҶɵΣȻǱĺԶ䲻ɵ˫Ŀһ


246 ħ
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轣ɫԲײһ𣬵һƬĿϼֲನɢȥݵȻ޴棬ΪһƬ档
ͬʱҶǰӱƴ֮ԳһûʲôƳ֣伱æһ˰ա
״ΪҶҪӣæݹһҶɱȥͬʱ䵥ȭҶٴκһȭ
صһ
Ҷɵεɶ߰Ԫ֮ſסΣһ֮ɫʵû뵽֮ǿᣬǰûȫġ
СӣԭҲֲ֮ҲҪݵģԥݣʯǼһû֮ʤĳġ
㻹ǹԹԵɡ˵ŻӶݹһٴҶһȥֱ֮âٴȭ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУ֮ǿӲƴ뵽֮Ȼת漴ųһ֡
ݣһ߶೤Ľɫбһնȥ
״Ѿ˽ǰʵſһ磬һ澧ӨСܵǰ
صһ죬նѶС֮ϱ鲼Ѻۣǲδٵǵŵŵţ߰˲֮ԶſסΣɫЩ԰֮⡣
һֵҶɣʵû뵽˹ܣԼһֱ۶Щľ
Ƭ̺ɫһ˫ְַ任ͣһɬѶд
Ҷǰնûжȫֻ鼱֮µֵӵĽҲû뵽Ȼ׵ĵ£֮жǿ
뵽Ҷһ֮ٴתˢһгһ߶೤ĽɫС
ͬʱܺȻһ磬ɫҲǱðԪһҡ
ͷȻһСɫУȥѤ쳣ֻĲҶɸоһ˿ֲ
·ʲôҪͷųһ㣬Ҳһ֮ɫؽҧɫ԰ףȻվ˹˵ҲǼ
Сӣǵڶڻħ󷨵ˣһζôնɱһڣߣĳû뵽һڣȻĳֱӶ˺֣ˣҲֵýˡ˵껰Щ΢̧ɫһ㡣
һ֮𣬵ںȻһֻ֮ɫħצָޱȣָһ˿ʸУȥ쳣
ţħצƺѳеӣҶɸоǲǻûģƺʵһ㣬͸¶һϢĿֲѹ
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ݣϼһһ̣նǳħצ֮ǰ۵һħצİӣʳһεκɫҺ塣
΢΢һţȻҶ𾪵ĿУնץ֮УһĻɵҶһ
նʹùΣûгֹ˹һĻȻֻܱħצֵסεץնѣ·ڼѵӡ
һ̣Ҷɫһһͺȡ
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һȻ죬һĿŵѶֲನΪһɫ磬ϯȥ
渽һЩΪƽأԪһңԶһЩʿڸо˴˴æŴ˴ɶݶ
˵˸ʱ򣬺ȻѪɫݹ⣬һģʧԷʲôӶûп壬Ҳ֪Ǻٴ˶
ֻǴ˴ӰԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪˶ãϼ΢ɢһЩնʧһʧģǿֲħצ
ֻʣǰֵУţ֮һ겻ѣв²ս֮ʵֲ֮
ȺһȹӰü΢ĿŰգһ˼֮ɫҲ֪ʲô

÷֮⣬Ҳ֪÷ǶԶһԭϿգѪɫݹ⣬һǰһֶ
ѪһǰһۣĿ¶ΣǹѪɫ԰ޱȣһϢƯӡ
һ¶Σ̷ŵҩ漴ݹһԶȥ
ţǵѪɫݹҲ¶ΣҶɣֻɫҲԲ԰ףʹѪ֮ȻǼԪ
˵δȫʩչҶҲǸоʱҲָܻʱҲΣһ뱻˷ԼʩչѪ֮ﵽ˲ƵٶȣԼΨʩչ׷ʧȥ˴˵ټ
˴˿̣ҶҲǰľ˲ֶǿᣬ۹֮ԼѪ֮Զͬףֲô˿ʼûаԼϣ伴ǶڣҲԱ֮
ٵ飬Ҷɶݹһ׷ȥȻ֣ҶɾûŹˣâһֶɫ쭷绮ҶɵӰ˲ʧ
ովһɽӣȻ˫Ŀһʲô˶֮죿
䣬ƴ߶ݹ⣬ɫǰȥһֻ΢΢߬һһ˿΢ĺ⡣
һṦԶһƿ֮һɫӰƻػգһ̣ǳӵǰպõסȥ·
״ӶݹһͣɫصĶҶɣҶѣԸ⽻ݣԩ޳𣬿ɷŹĳ
ԣҶһûп˵ڰһΣ৵һ£һڳС
ԭҶĳҲûдǿгֵģȣȴǸһᣬٺ٣ҶĳҲŹµģԣֻܹ̫̰ˡԱϣҶɵһɫ
Դڤɻ꽣Ľ֮󣬻ûĵԵУϴ겻Щ⣬ԼΣҶɵҪûԼ£䵽ʵ
飬ɱ˵꣬ҶɱһеĿڤ񽣣ԣ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫȴ΢΢һ


247 նɱ
ǣڳˣСӣҵˣ㣡ڤɻ꽣һգһźźЩõΣצӡ
״һɫһľʲôԱϣӿ˿ҶɣЩԥ֮ɫ
󣬿źԼԽԽɫһһҧ֮£ڵһ
ಣһڹ⼤۵һ£û뵽˺ں֮ڣʶĿ˿һȭͷСĺɫ
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ڱĵĺ໹ֽУ
ѽըˣ˾ңֲסˣһ˺ѷεֵĴ˳
ԭЩõΣǿǿܵԲը֮󣬱øϢҲǱ΢֮ųϯڤɻ꽣˱ըĴ
תĿȴûмҶɣҲʧȥӰ
ӸոѣͱˣЩٴγ˯´δҲܳˣЩʿֲ̫ˡ
ССʿ˳ǣҪϿָʵУ̫ϿֹˣҲûָɡ˵꣬һת¶ֽթ֮ɫ

ͬʱӵԶԭ׼պ֣Ҷϵģܳнĺڽ
شҶɵĶ֣ʱҶɺȻ׷˽ǰ״ӸҪʩչʲôзһ롣
ȻֻҶɵһһԲ׽âԼһֻ̣кһʶһƬңţʧȥֱ
ʵӲʧȥֱҶʩչļ
̧һУಣһֻ䵽ҶɵУ漴˦һŻҶתɶݶߣͬʱаңǰúͷ󣬷Լܿܵش
Զƣźڽգһѣһ˫Щ۾תѣСֹȥˣˣܱܲ׷ϣѵ̽ң
ʱԶһƿ֮֮ҶɵΣ˺鸽˫Ŀ΢еĿźߡ
״ԭЩŭյϣһ˿֮ɫǣ񹦸˫Ҿ˵˿϶϶Ū˵ţȴǰԸ̲ѣԼǰûߣҶӦȥ׷ˡ
״ҶаԺЦʶ;쵽˺һһȴûеƣɫĵôû°ɣ
û£С˼ҪٸҼϴǻᦵıӲʵԺ˳ֵģԼͰǰƽˣˣ˵ɻڣһת˵
Ѿˣˣ꣬ͿԻָɣҶһ䡣
ԣ鼱æ˵ͷڵǵˣںָʵɵ꣬ҲҪڲЧ
ȻǼ͵ģиʮ꣬ҲЩôģǴ֮ħ֮˵ˣǡ
ŶãȻȥϢɣԺлᣬ꾡ŵ㡣Ҷɵͷ˵
ԣϲɫһæ˵ͷڵлˣлˣԱϣâһû˺ڽ֮ڡ
Ҷ̧һУڤɻ꽣УȻһеĿ˿ڽ¶һ˼֮ɫҲ֪Щʲô

صջҶɱһӵĴ˷ջСһԲ״ͽ鱦ʮʯԼʮҩҲ׼ʲôҩ
Ȼһ֮ǿᣬҶɲ²Щҩ׼Ϊ˸ģֻϧ䴢Уûҵ˹
мƿָĵҩҶɲû̫⣬Ƭ̺ҶɺȻ˫ĿһһһֻɫľкȻС
һžһиǴ򿪣¶һ̵ҩҶɿѰݡ
ٺ٣ˣϢͦ׵ġҶ¶ŨŨϲɫ˵һ䣬漴ľ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ˫Ŀһеħ󷨣˹ƿֲֻû֮˵նûȫʩչͬǿֵģĿǰҲֻһˣһЩɢޣȷҲСģ˵˭Ͼʲô̬ġ
һ˼ƷҶ˫Ŀһգ׼Ϣ죬պǷҽ׻ῪʼӣҶһЩջ
ڶһ磬ȴҶɡҶǰ룡
ԣҶ˫ĿһЧʹȻ죬żʱ䣬ȻϢ
Ƭ̣Ӱһģ֮£ʧ˾֮ڡ

¥Ҷɶľ֮ϣһ裬΢еĿŶȹŮӣ¶һɻ֮ɫ
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ԣ˿£ڵЩ΢գʮָ棬һԥ֮ɫ̴ţҲ֪ʲô
Ƭ̺󣬾ҶЩεʱ򣬷ڿˡ
ҶѣεϢйߵģ֪ҶǷҪõһ֮䣬Щ֪ʵ˵
״Ҷ˫ĿһУڵлֱ˵޷Ҷĳ˲ӡ
ҶѹȻˬ죬ϢۣȻһ䡣
ʲôӽҶĳˣΪ˸仰ҶЩֺֺЦӣεһ䣬Ů˴򽻵ȻǷ˼
Ҷѣ㽻һϢѸ㣬ңԺϢ͸Ҷѡ֣ص˵
ԣҶɾ֮ĴûѵͣȻԷ˵Ȼ򵥣߻ʲôΣա
Ҷ˼֮ʣȻ¶һЦݣҶĵܼ򵥣ҶѴӦ˫ް£ԣҶɲɵһ֣ǰ˶һ¡


248 
ĪڿЦزʶֻǼ棬ҪҶĳ˫ް£Ҷһ죬Щ΢ŭĶŷ˵û뵽ˡ
ԣҲһ죬Щߵĵͷ¥ռڵգҲǱЩ
˷ȥѰݣⲻСû뵽ʵ֮ߣ˵ֻṩϢԸҲûܶԷ
˵ԼЩ֣ܾͻӵϣȻ˵ûаϵ˼⣬ҶٻЩ黳
һȹķĬƬ̣񣬻̧ͷȻƬ糺죡
ҶѣᣬΪЩ飬ҪҶѰһ£ǲ˫ް£ֻҪʼʱҶѿڳϱáɫ֣ص˵
ԣҶһڵӿɷѻ˵׵㣿
Ҷѣֻʵһ˶ҲͻˣǲҲţʵᡣ˵˵һ䡣
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷ˫ĿһеĵŶǷΪƫƫҶĳУ֪֮ǺݣҿɲԼǵʲôҵġ
Ҷѣ˵ȥӵʱϵǻһսҶܹŻ֤ʵ֮ϡ
ʵˣҲŷҵ޷ˣʵҲǲģݣɵĵӡ˵
˼Ƭ̣ҶһʵӣߵϢ治ۣҪײſɣ
Ҷɲ²Ҫ鷳ʯ⣬ʵڲȥǷǷǡ
ҲռıˣҲвʲôǾ⣬ҶǾúʣǾͼȥǾòףȥѰҡ̬Ҷ˵
Ҷԣ˼ã̧ͷ£Ҷĳ룬ǣҲû᷽˵껰Ҷɱȥ

صסҶɵ°ͣ¶˼֮ɫ
ϵ˫ް£ҶɵǲʲôҶԼҲʲô𺦣ֻԼưˡ
Էһ˻˵˼ɵĵӣԼһɢޣʱźɢ޵Ĳֳˡ
ԷһЩֵܣԼ鷳Ī˵ԼյԥݣԥԪҲҲһȺ˸ҺɵӶԿǣܹн
ȥҶɾ鷳߿취ʵڲ˵ϾԼԥʱ仹̡
Ϣ˼գ˽׻Ὺʼʱ䣬Ҷɱ뿪ס

ҽſڴҲǴˣӣʱһӰһƣŻС
һɫӰſڴֳһƣһۺ󣬱ûᣬ˳Ľ˽
ԺڣԳˮ̳ˮȥ緲˼ҾסһŴ󷽣ҷĻƮɢԺ䣬һˬϢƺĳҩ
棬һ㽨ſڴȻмӰſھһƺֹʲô
ûᣬȺ뵽˽֮ڣˣҶɡ
˿̴֮УѾۼ˲ˣһ⣬ΪżܿԲʿЩ˴һɫݣеûʲôΡ
Ҷɷ֣һֹĽƲƺһɫңңӦЩȻӣЩ뿪⴦򣬾ͲòĹܡ
׻ֳּҲ࣬мһʯڷһЩƣһ棬һͨ
ҶɿһӰ֮󣬳һɫңȡģһ˼ҶҲͨȥڲòǲģʡ鷳
ҶżӰͨ뵽һ䲻ңһľһߣپǼӰ
һҶǰĴ󺺣һʯ֮ȡһɫң漴תߣҶɿ˿ߣҲǽʯȡ˶ңת뿪ҡ
һʱ󣬽״ڣһ֣վڴʯ̨֮ϣ·ȺҶʶˣǷҼ
˿ˣ˰֣ҽղμӷҽ׻ᣬĳлҵ˵ϣԶܵõԼҪ֮׻ʽʼ
ŷɴĿһƣע뷨֮ʾһС֣עһЩϵơ
״ҶҡҡͷڵĽ׻ᣬоڽ׻ٰϸ£ʱּȴЩʵ
ٶ룬Ҷһƣע뷨֮˼ƷԼϵõԼòϵҩơ
ֳƣҶɿʼΧʯתϵҶҲզࡣ
߽óĶȻǷǱѰȵʱּĶٱȻҲпǵĲ졣
ףҶ˫ĿһȻԶһߴ֮ˣֳ۵Ĵ֡ᦣ
ѣպԴ˻ָΪħıʺϸɵģ˵ȼܲߣơ
뵽ҶɻſȥͬʱһˣҲһʿĿ֣Щ󺺡
Ҷɿڣӿ˿󺺣ɳƵλѣ֪Ƿۣߴ㻻ȡ
ԣתΣ֮ӵǺǣᦣԱϣָ
ʮ򣿡Ӷ˶٣漴ڵ˵Щ󣬵ԽܡҪ֪ʮʯӽһͨʿһˣȻֻ˵ͨ֡
ҶԣæҪۣܱȣʱȴһЦЩмĵʯ


249 ׿
ʯλѣ㲻ڿЦɣһᦶѣһȻʨӴ󿪿򣿡ӸҪȡʯȴǱ󺺸ļ۸Ūһ㶡
ҶԣҲͣסϵĶ鱦´ࡣ
״һߣڵµᦣ˵Ƿ𣬵һһףպþֻÿֻڣи߼
ڵĹԲʵᦺһɻûȻӤʵٺ٣λã˱ֵʯ
ԣҶɲɵðԾܣᦼֵ»ǲͣǶħʿȻŲС
˿̣ЩӶԴ˱ǿҵҶɲ²Ӧаޡ
ʱӻڵλѣ˱ܣǼ۸ȷʵڰϣҲԲﵽģǲЩˣ
ǺǣЩˣΪ¾ûۣҪȡһЩϡʼ磬ν˵
ŶҪȡʵ
ϱȽ϶࣬в嵥Կ¡˵껰ȡһöӡ
ӹӲ鿴Ƭ̣üͷһҡҡͷ漴˴󺺣Щ뿪˴Զתȥ
״Ҷɽ˾仰ҪʶһɨƬ̺Ҳ̾˿صĲϣԼֻóֶѣдףһֲϣ޷ȡᦡ
ڤɻ꽣ʵҲ൱ԼһҶȻԸ⣬ֱӶһҷＶ棬ҶɻЩĵġ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ촽΢Ŵ󺺴Ƭֻ̺һȻתҶɡ
ѴԵ棿ɻ˵
ȻǼȻֵᦵļǮǿʯһЩģΣҶЦ
ãʮʯ󺺿ڵ
ԣҶҡҡͷ˵µǶԽ׻Ӥкôģмҩһ𽻻ǻҪʮʯĻЩˡ
ɣֻ۶ʮ򣬵ѿԿһ˵꣬Ҷɱǲ·𲢲Ǻĵӡ
ĬƬ̣󺺺ݺݵص˵ͷʮʯٲˣ
ɽ˵껰Ҷֱȡһֻ˴󺺣ȡ˾ֻɫСᦣҶɡ
˻飬ֲκ壬һЦķ˿ȥѰһĿꡣ
ҶֻСᦣǸˣӦܹﵽԲʵﵽӤʵвɵðԸν׻ỹûа
תһᣬҶɺȻ˫ĿһóһֻڶˣҶɼæǰʣҪȡ˵ĻʥǴ󷨲Ҳȫˡ
ϣ˸ûҶɽ˼ȡ֮󣬾Ǵ˽һ֮
ҶˣָὫٻȥҲֻա
ףҶɿ˿ԶһһСĿʯҶɺȻЩ֮ɫ޲֮
õ֮ʱ䲻һƷҲǼ֮Լϣһֲϡ
λѣ֪Ҷһ䡣
ԣһϵǺǣϷֻҪԲϣһŲʡ
˿ֳƵߣҶü漴ֽߣ룬ֻ΢Ƭ̣ȴǲΪ
£Ҷ̾Ϣ뿪һѰԼҪĲϣһ߿˭лԲϣ׼ȡһЩٻ߽
תһȦһȷʵлԲϣҲҪһָƷֻôҶɵͷ
պ󣬽׻ҶɳᦣûеõҪĶ˵óΪŶңҲԷʲôˣʹҪ϶ԷҲûʲôᡣ
뿪׻ᣬҶɻصջңڴ˼˵õᦣȴǲûи顣
ΪںʵԼûʲôҶɵʵһﵽԲڤɻ꽣ĿȨᱻռС
ǷĵúʵԽԼֱܹӿס飬һԾϲ⣬ҶɿɲΪ
ƺ飬Ҳûа취ڶεһɣмָԸһֶŽƣ䲻ڷ
ϧǣԼߣһҲûеõֻǷߵϢҶȴǲ佻˻ˮ
ˣû䣬ȵ˵ԱϣҶɱ˫Ŀһգھڴ
պҶɵס˵ҶɹȥһˣҶɰԲ²⣬ͬԼӦԼѧϰ֮
һҶһģʧ

ĳڡ
һ׷ߣҶɶڣƺʲô
ٺ٣Ҷѣ֮ǰȥ㼸Σ㶼סģ׷߿˿ҶɣЦе˵
Ŷ⼸һֱЩ飬ûס޵ģ֪ѻǰµͬˣҶʵ
ǺǣҲ㲻ʲôȻҶϲ֮ǿѧϰһϵֻܣ˵׷߻һ١
ԣҶЦЦģֻܱҲҪ޸ģȻоģֻ޸֮ʱҶĳҪۿŲС
ٺ٣ȻҶѴɷģ֪ѴʱʼѧϰҺ֪ͨ˰һ¡׷߳Ҷ˵
ҶɿڵԽԽãҶĳҲûʲô飬ʱԹġ
ã˵ĻպҶѱΣ׷ߵͷ˵
ԣҶɸҪڴ𻰣Ȼɫһ漴һһöŷУ˼С֡
Ԫѣ˵꣬Ҷϳһ˿ɻ֮ɫ


250 ռ
һҾƹݵڣҶԪˣҪ˼ζһƣһžƱһʲô
Ԫѣ㼱Žҽгк飿Ҷɿ˿Ԫ˵һ䡣
ҶѣѵһҲӣԪȻһ䡣
ԣҶɵЩ˼ֵˣǺǣԭΪʲô飬ʣһҶĳҲǸоܷɵġ
ͶˣҪǶһЩŵӵķҵɢ޾Ҫϵƴ̽գг·ġԪˬʵЦЦ
Ԫ˵ΪҶǰ˿ûʲôӣȫƽһԴΪ˵ҲˬʣԸ񲢲ȱ
Ǵȥǲѷ֣˷ԪԼڣ˽£乹ʲôвˡ
ǺǣԪԼǡҶ̾Ϣһ
״ԪȻڵҶѣ÷ռһЩͬǰȥֽɱޡ֪ǷȤ
ԣҶɫһڵޣ˵޷ߣӽһ㣬ǸһС࣬Ƴ
޻ףҪ׻ɱô׵İɣҵǼߣȥʱ֮˵꣬Ҷ¶һ֮ɫ
Ԫ˵ͷֻǽڶޣԪĳѾ׼ǰȥμӡ
ʲôҶɲɵ۽һڶޣ޽׻޵ļҷ̬Ī˵նɱܷӵ˵֮¡
ԪѣԴϴξ֮Уʮʱ䣬ΪƵƴðյģҶɫһ˵
ԣԪ̾Ϣһǰյɫһ漴˾Ʊ¶һ˿ɬ֮⡣
ҶѣҵԪޣһЩŵǰ㰲ݣԴḻɢֻ棬ԼƴһҪġ
ħѪμӵķݶûУֻǼŵһ¢Եѣ˵ɢĥأ費ƴա
ԪĳϲɵĿռ䣬ԸΣ䣬ҲԸŹĶǣɢ޽µѣǱЩĲϵʦֵǿöࡣ
ҪʲôҲع̫࣬һЩӵӰ³ϹЩˣɣٺ٣˵һãžͻȥ
˵껰ԪΪԼҶɵһҶҲид֮׽һ漴̾Ϣһ
ռҸźܶϱȣƾѡ񣬵ȻԪĳǿûҪ֮ҲͲμӵģҶѼȻмѰõĲϣȥһۡԪ˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶ˫Ŀһڵ֪˷һǰȥ
ǺǣԪĳӵϢ󣬲ûȥģҲ֪ϸڣһҶ˹ȥԪٴεһƣ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷִһᣬ漴ȥ

÷ĳֵϣһӵɫ㣬Ժ伫˵ȥЩӳ¾ɣȴǳɾš
˵أ÷һɼ塪ռң
ռ÷ҲСΪһʵʵڵԲĴڣֻձչزʱһãǱЩ˵ˡ
ˣ˶֪ռôһλ棬Ҳû˸ȥʲô鷳ռ֮ңҲڵʵ
˵÷ϵȣԥŲʲôˣȻҲһЩԳЩͨɢޣηռң෴ռҸеͷʹ
ռҴڣʮּ򵥣һѹͭɫ֮⣬·ͨΣ˿ʮˣһƷʲôȻЩ˲ٶʶ
Ҳ˿оƲȴû˸ҴʲôſڴʱһӰݻһȦ󣬷ֱҸλ
ʮУϢΪǿᣬֱŶϣһźۣȥһߣɫ󣬾ʮ㣬ΪȻﵽڡ
ˣ÷Сɢޣ½裡
һˣΪҲڣòȥһӣһɫۣòЩЦӣ÷ҲСɢ޺
Ȼ⣬˵ػмΪߣһȴǱȶ˲٣ͬףΪҲǿ֮֡
һŽȹŮӣһϢȴǽߣȥʵڵλãֻϹһɴ棬ܹ峤ֻ࣬һ˫ת֮䣬ȻֱܹȻһòŮӡ
ˣ÷СĶѸ
ѸֻһºţöֻɱϣһЩ޻ҪشѸ֮
Ȼˣ÷ǶһЩֻ˱˲٣Ҳѹ˴룬˵֮ʱҲҪ˵ɫ
ʱſӰһһ࣬һӰֶһܣλĩβ
״һ΢΢һЦɫӰԪѣٺ٣Ҿ˵϶ףλǣ
ҶԪˣȻʶԪһк󣬿ҶɺȻ¶˼ɻ֮ɫ
ŶλԪĳѣҲһɢޣҶҶѣ˵껰Ԫת˿Ҷɣλ÷һɢޣɽѣ
ɽѣһᣡҶ΢΢һЦһк
ǺǣҶѣһᣬӦòǱʿɣ÷ǰδġɽ˿Ҷɣ˵˵
ԣҶɸҪ𻰣ȴȺЩ漴ǱðޱȣĿһϣ֪ʱһꡣ
ҲûйֻȺ԰˰֣˱ǰ꿴ȥʮӣݸ㣬Ͷ䣬͸¶һɴ
ǺǣӭλԶܹռ֮£Ҫлλġ˵껰΢΢һЦɨһȦȺĿ⾭Ҷ֮ʱ΢΢һ͡


251 ݶ
ҵĿ⣬ֻҶͣԪ˵ЦǼˣƬ̺ջĿ⣬΢΢һЦ
λ۴ҳκĿģ˷ڰռ£лλ˵껰˹˹֡
յ̫ˣҵˣҲΪ˺ôѣ˺ôȻֵġʱź۵½裬Ц
Ǻǣ½ѻֱˬ˶٣Ҽѣ겻ΪǾٰٺ١˵꣬ҿ˿һ۵ӡ
ԣӺ˹֣յ̧ˣյѣԼλȵġʼգҲû¶ЦݣҲû֮ɫ·ϰһ㡣
ҿ˿ŽȹĶѸˬʵЦӴ˷ܹǰĳǷĲٰ
յŮ̫ˣû˵ǰͨҲոְˡ˵껰΢΢һЦɫɴڵֻܿ˫״
৵һ£ſһһɫӰֶһʮ꣬۷壬ֻһ̬֮ɫݲ԰ޱȡ
״˿һֻۣ΢Щ֮ɫ˵ˣΪҲڣ֪һڵ˳֣Ҳûйᡣ
ȴоһԹľϵĺ꣬΢Цλѣ˵ؿ֮ˣ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ҳʶˡ
״ЩĿڵѵµ飬޷ˣĳ£Ҫ
ǰǲŸո֪ںδ׷ʵ
²̫֪λģλཻãصҲ֪ͨλȻյѲĳҲ˵ЩʲôģǸ˵꣬¶Ǹ֮ɫ
΢˼Ƭ̣ҿڵ˷˵˲ͬЩֶ֮ˣϾԸΣޱȣѲΪĳЩǵѵİΣ
ҵ˼ԣԼĳͣ˭ԵģҲҪϣܳģˮ㣬ҿЩ˵ӡ
޷ǲ䣬ҲֻܹҵΪյѸоҲǳˣٸĳҲٵġȻ˵˵
ʱſӰһһŻɫֳָۣĿݵӣ˴
ƶЩٵˣ˼λ˵껰ʿǫһЦһ
״ҿ˿ûʲôϾԼѾ˵£ó͵ģĳҲô˵ֱ˵޵ء
˼ʿ׷ײĿѣ½裬ѸˣҲǳŵʿ΢Цĵ˵ͷ
״ҶɲɵЩȻ֮ɫ˵ʿ۷Ϊ½裬Ѹڣ˭Ҳ˭ӣȻԱԼ𻹵͵ĵʿ˿
Ҳ˫Ŀһŵʿ΢΢һЦڵݶˣ˷Ҫݶˡ
ԣݶ˵ĵʿ˰֣յ̧ƶˣλѲƶһˡ
ݶ̫ˣһԥݸ˵ڶû˸˵һġʱſӰһһɫӰֶˬʵ˵һ䡣
ԣݶ˻һЦŶԭʯڵѣ˵ԥݳϹ֮һ»û˭һеġ
ʯڵˣҲ΢΢һЦ˵ʯ˴кȻǲʶġ
ףԪѣҶѣҲڣ̫ˣ벻ϴһҶǿʮûˣʯڿҶԪ˸Щп˵ϾһϵȴЩһġ
ҼҶ˶ʶǰе˵ͷ漴ڵλЩˣе̸óֵĴۣеˣǻû̸ô
ԣĳȽһЩϱ嵥ҿ֮ĳڽ˷ж˵һ飬λǾòʣǱ˳
˵꣬һɨһȦû壬΢΢˵ͷʱжʮˣ˴˷жģСӡ
гһ꣬зһ̣һööڸǰЩ˿Ҳûж֣Ȼǰ̸˱ꡣ
ЩʶһĿʼ鿴ҶԪһӣʯڣԼ
Ҷ鿴ڼصϣ鱦ɵðľһռңȻ˷ḻļҵףǰҲȻǼ䷱ٲʢġ
ҶɼֱԽ˱һҩļأ಻Ǻܶ࣬ÿһ֣ǼޱȣƽϺŪ
ףҶɺȻɫһʶһ֮£ǽʾ˼Ǻš
漴ҶЩĽǰϣлмҩԼϣҶҲЩ۲дȷֻѡһ֣һЩ۸͵Ʒѡ֡
ʱѡϣ꽫ͳһϵңʶ鿴Ƭ̣üͷ΢΢һ塣
Ǻǣ裬λѡ񣬿ֻһλѻȡƷǷˡɫһ˵
ԣ֮УʱһһɫһֱӿڵϷ˴ĲҪ
ҲЩŵĵҲһԲỻȡ
ԣüһͷȻˣǾֻܰչأдһʤߣʸôʧֱ뿪ãڿֱȨ
˶٣Ҽٺ٣벻Ҳλһͬѡ񡣡һ䣬Ҷɵɫһͬʱź۵½裬Ȼ˫Ŀһɨˡʮ㻹һע


252 ¯
Ŷ֪λѣϷһͬѡٺ٣˵ãϷֻܳдһˡ½һȻ˵
һڵĴڣ˵ԭҲûмܱ½
ԣҶüͷһ壬벻ޣҪȶһˣ½ϢһͨҲȻȥ
ʱȴǹһЦ˰֡
ӦŶλȥγдһ˾ͲҪˣ󣬽֪ͨұá˵꣬ҿ˿ѡĶˡ
̵ֳ꣬ǽ˳ȥ
ţҿ˿½裬ЦǺǣ½ѻԼ˵ǣպöǲҪдġ
ԣҶǰ˿½νʼ磬ûʲô
Ʒѡϣǽ˴˷жĴżƻ
λ˷ҵȶԸǵޣشҶ˵Ǳ̬ķҲ˵幥ǿᣬνһǱ֫צƳĲ͵ķ鱦
ȻԸΣԼߣ²ҵλʿ϶ԸޣǡڴһЩơ
ٺ٣ݶ˵ĴסҵȻɱޣټλ֣ĳбʤİաЦ
ŶԭˣֲյĵģǺǣ½ĳյѣ˵ЦģյҲҪһͬеġ½迴˿ң˵˵һ䡣
յ̧ƶˣҲֻܴԸѣˣ֪ǵںδݶʵ
ԣҲ뽫Ŀ⿴ңһЦҡͷٺ٣ʱ򣬴Ȼ֪Ҳ˽Ĳˣвģȫ˳ġ
ʱ˴𻰣ſӰһǰѡߣ˴ֻɫЩףȴûпӰ
״ҲûʣҲû˭뿪ȻǶȥμӴ˷жġ
ãȻˣӦҵ¥Ϣһգҵ׼ʱ˵껰Ӧ꣬ռԺһ㽨
˶֮ӦȥżӶˣ˲ǲʹͬʱҲʮɫŮӣΪ
ҶɾλŮ֮ʱЩ֮ɫûᣬеǴһŮӽ˷УȻΪ¯֮á

ĳ侲ڣҶɣԪʯˣƺʲô
ٺ٣λҪһδ֪ƴɱռѾ׼Ϻõ¯Ϊλúһʯڿ˿ԪҶɶˣЦǺǵ˵
ԣδӴŮ֮µҶɣȻЩ֮⣬˵Լûù¯Ҳ塣
¯һ˵ָЩΪŮӣһЩ޵֮ãϾһЩ֮ˣҲҪܷ˼֣֮ԱԼġ
ҲһЩˣû¯֮ãΪ¯һ;ǾΪľӽƿļʡ
ΪһЩŮ⣬Ԫ֮壬ĳֺһӺϻ˫֮ʩչụͨͣӽղɲŮԪٶȣͻƿļʡ
Ȼ˵ȼƷ¯ֱ֮٣ŮӣǱǰշǱĸΪӺú
ˣһЩд˰õޣֻһЩͨŮӣСʼֺԼͻƿؼ֮ʣŮ˫ޣԴӽ׼ʡ
¯ҪҲǼߣһŮӣΪܱ޵̫࣬޲ʲôҲֻǰЩЧ֮Чֱ΢΢ÿ죬ˣ¯ŮʱһҲͱ֮á
Ԫ˿һаЦʯڣҡͷԪĳûˣЩϵ¯ҲЩɫˣҵΪûʲô洦ġ
ԣҶҲҡҡͷʯڼ˲ҪЦ뿪˾ңһŮӣʯԼϢķС
״Ԫ̾ϢһεҵɢƴΪһ˿һĻƴ˵ʱͻ䣬ʯڵÿʱʱ֣ҲʧΪһ£Ǻǡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˼ȴû棬Ǻ˵ѣμӴ˷ж˲֪β룬Ҷȴ쳣УΪԼμӾ֮УҲǴɢˡ
ҲҶɶģ˵ڣΪʵ˵ڵУҶܾЩΣ²ؼҶҲûж롣
ǺǣԪԼǣˣݶ˾ǺҲ½˶ǳƺҼǳݶ˵ġҶ˵һ䡣
ԣԪЦŵ˵ͷڵǺǣҶ֪ݶ˵Ϊˡ
ǰЩ꣬ݶ˽ƾ裬ͬʱУһڣһˣڵĴڡ
սݶȵĪ˵ͬףǸһСĴڣҲݶˣһ裬ʵˡ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷɻݶɢޣĪ˵ǰʦ𴫳УܿԼһ˾磬ǿЩϡˡ
ǺǣͲˣݶƺǲûʦģǰֻ󷨣㲻ʲôͨ
ֻԥʧٹʮ꣬ٴγֵʱһȴǴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزһЩ˲²⣬ӦǶʱõĳɡ
ٺ٣ҵҲ󷨲ȤҲʣң¼ˣݶҲʵģôҶĪǶһЩȤԪһ䡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦҪ˵ЩʲôȻüһţ⣬һߵٺ٣ҶѿϢϷеһ¡


253 
˵Ԫ˲İǺ½裬Ҷһڵ½ԪģδϢ
ԣ½Ŷ룬ֽһأһ
˿Ԫ½΢ԥƬ̣ڵŶԪҲڰǺǡ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦԵ½лֱ˵ǣԪҶĳѡ
ʵҲûʲô£ֻǰҶһ£öɷ񻻸Ϸ򣿡½˵˵һ䡣
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬֪½֪ѡģ
ǺǣҪҪǣҶǷͬ⽫Ϸ򡣡һҶɣ½Щ˵
˼öҶĳҲǺҪ˵꣬ҶһǸ֮ɫ
ԣ½˫ĿһУҶƬ̣ڵҶѣóϣʯ򣬲֪ѿɷۣ˶٣½貹һ䡣ѵҶѵ治½ĳӣ
Ԫ½üͷ΢΢һ壬½ѣҶѾ˵˲뻻ȡ˰ɣϾҶҲҪġ
½ûд𻰣˫ĿҶɣҶɫһҡͷ½ѣҶĳ޷һ
֮ڵõߣڶϱѧǼֶŽƺҲø½ƣŷĽᦽиġ
ŶǺǣ޷Ȼ˵ĻϷͲٴˣٺ١½赹ҲϣһҶɾܾǸȥûоʲôֻתɲǣЦݵϣһ㺮˪
Ƭ̺Ԫüһ˵ǺǣҶѣ˷ǵ½Ϲˣ˼ǳ𣬲޷ҵȰ󣬻ȥ˵˵飬ٻǻԪĳӵġ
лԪˡҶɸлһ䣬˼

ڶһ磬һʮɴСɫۣ÷⼤֮󣬱ǳңԶߡ
۴֮ڣһжʮˣֻ˶ŵ䣬Ҳڴմʲôеڷۼװ˵Ц
ڷۼװ࣬Ŷʮ߽״ӣ˽ΪΪҲڣȻռ֮ˡ
մڣ½ź룬ЦеؿңڵյѣѾˣѵ㻹˵λ𣿡
ԣһǺǣô½Ѿ㼱֪ص𣿷õԦۣѾһбҪ֪𣿡
½赹Ǳ˻Ūһ㶣漴ЩεЦЦֵǺǣϷ򲢲˼ֻЩļˣǺãϷʱǡ
˵껰½ĬƬ̣뿪صԼľڡ
һ·Ҳû˹ĿĵؾʲôطֻЩɻ֮⣬Ϊ۷еķ򣬲ĺƬڶ֮ء
ǳŴԪ۹ȥƫݷһЩ

һڴԪ۹򸽽㴦һƬɽϿգһɫۼ۶
ºɫ۲ŴƬɽһԭϿգַһ֮ãǰԼ俴һƬ֡
һÿòεضйľʹԶȻܹܵһŨ
ʱۺȻϼһԶԶͣΪ׵ĶʮվڼװǰˣңƬ֡
ָָƬ֣˵λ޾Ϣڹ֮ڣԺݶ˲󷨣ռʮ˹ǲ߷
ԣݶ΢΢һЦڵлҵѣƶȥΡԱϣݶһ뿪ۣŹַȥ
״ҿһˣݶ˽׵֮󣬴Ҿͽĳȥǵ
ʱݶ˵Ĵϣλȫ֣콫޻ɱɹȴӦλĺôʳԡ
Ȼĳڴ˶ʱˮ㣬˲ٺ٣ɱϷ飬ǰӦĺôҲͱҪõˡ
յѷģҵȼȻˣȻ񣬴˷ҵˣԸһֻڶޣǴ´ࣿ½ۺ룬Це˵
½ҲҪ̫⣬ǶԸޣҵȻպܴ󣬵޵ķؾվ򣬰չҲҪġʱźȹڰɴĶѸȴһЦ˵
ԣһô˵ĺҲǵ˵ͷڵԼǣһУСΪ޵һȷ̫̬ġ
еһ֮ɫеޱȣûп˵Щʲô½˵Щ˵ҲԵûʲô
ٺ٣ͺãΣҲҪСģֻҪҵЭɱǵޣкܴİյģϾ˿˵ġ΢΢һЦ˵
ʱԶֱԵݶѾʼ󷨣һ˸С켤۵һû뵽ܵ档
һԲƯܰգݶ˴һ̹֮ϼһ
״ҿڵҵҲȥ˳㽫ϸƶһ¡Աϣһģķɫۣ˽
󣬷âһС˰ƴС֮󣬱漴ݶ˷ȥ
ʱݶƺǽ󷨲ϣŸ˫Ŀ΢еĿˡ
˵ΣҲ½ĳݶ˸
ݶȻ鴫ϷȻ˿о󷨽Ʋ½һЦ˵
ҶҲǰľǱ˰㣬ǿǼ£Լʶ̽ΣҲ˿ûио쳣ⲻҶݶˡ
ǺǣˣҪյѵһ᲼һҪʮۣʣµĵӣ油ͺá˵꣬ݶ̧һ˦ವһһƬϼϯһĺȻڰջΪһԲ̣Լʮ֧ɫС졣
ʲô鱦Ĳ˶Ĳߣ˲һꡣ


254 
ݶû˵ľȣֱʮڵӣÿ˸һ֧ɫС죬漴һײٿ֮
Ӳѣһʱ˱ͷֱվ˲ͬλã佫˵ذΧ
ţݶ΢΢һЦֳ̧ŰսɫԲ΢΢һ㣬˵һԲ̵һתϼ󣬾Ȼʧ
ףʧϢѸЩ˵
״Ҳ΢΢һЦڵݶˣ˷㻹Ҷˣ㲼õ󷨣Ϊҵȴδ˵ģ
ŶƶоĶѣСǺǣѲ󷨣ԺԽ˶Զġ
ҸоߵԭҲΪ󷨡˵꣬ݶ˿˿ܣ΢΢˵ͷ
Ǻǣݶѣ벻ԼƵ󷨣ӱЩĴҪģˡ½ЦЦ˵˵һ䡣
ôݶ˿ǲϣ˵ĻĳҪȥǵ޳ˡҿʵ
ԣݶ˵˵ͷɫص˵յѣ˵޶ЩٻҪСġ
İɣĳаŵģлˡ˵껰һռ߽ߡ
Сֹ˼䣬ʿ˵ͷǲ漴һȥ
ʱʿֻʣڵӣʮֳ죬ػһۡ
һ꿴˿ӣڵע⣬˭ֲסϿȥ滻ԣӵ˵ͷ
漴굥һгһֻɫ沼ƣ⣬ȥŲƷҪصӡ
ƺûв˶ԸޣֻЩһҲ֪׼ʲô
ʱݶ˿һˣڵ棬ҽ̴һοھʩչ֮󣬿ɲӰ졣
ȵս֮ʱҵڳԸޣ޳嵽֮֮ǰҵȶҪεģⱻ޷ҵټ
˵껰ݶ˵漴ָܽ£ۣܵ漱죬һƵİɫڶ
պ˴Ƭ򣬾Ҳɫǣȥ󣬵еԼɼֵǣԭеʮӰȴʧ

ڣһÿò׳ţʱһֻֻСּһܶ漴û˵ݴ֮ڡ
Уżɹһֻֻɫķһ׷˺ҧţȥǣֻͨҰޡ
һֻۺһֻڵŭĿӣȥֻ޻ã˫Ŀǽضŵ棬һֻѪֲꡣ
ƬֵĳһƬյĵشĪ˵ޣһֻҰҲûУ˵֮㡣
м䣬һͬʯļɽаɴСھʮ֮ߣҲ֪ɽȻγɣǺڵĴ˴
ڴһ߰ɴСɭɭ׹ǣȥҲʲô޴ڴ˴ģӦʱֻʣһѰ׹ǡ
ֻ޵֫˰أڹǼǰǰֻ֫ʣ˱۰򴦣ǰצʧ
ʱһɫӰһģĴԶٶȲ죬ȴȻڴ˴֮󣬱üͷһĴ

Ѩĳռ䣬߰ʣҴ
˿ռʮɴСһӰֱȥͬһСɽ˵棬Լʮɣм֮˼⡣
ϸֱ棬μ񴦲һһǴ̣ԽԽϸĴڣƺĳֶβһ㡣
һŰĲǰ˵ͷ­ֻǱȲһȦӣֱ治ͷ­벱
ǵޣֵǣûп֫
һṦһƵ޵βͶ˶ĵ棬֮һҳ
ֵһĻˣ޵ͷ­βͣȻͬһʧԭأƬ̺Щͣ١
ţǵͬ˸һ㣬ԭȥͷ­βͣٴδӾ޴չ˷һֵͬģ̵ֻ֫
һĻȥ们˾޴ޣ֫Ȼ̣֮ȥ䲻Эſڵ֮ߣվҲֻҡ
֫Сͨ˼£ֱ죬Ƭ̺󣬵޺Ȼһ֣ƺЩʹӣͷ­СС۾
أ죬վΣͷ­һŤȻͷǰһ˿ڣȥֱСѪֻǼ˴롣
Ƭ̺󣬵Щ֮ɫһתͷ­˿Զ棬һڰɳ̵İ׹ǣƺʲô޵ǰ֫
ָЩΣȥСϵ˿ڼǺϣһǰ֫ƺǾɭɭ׹۶ġ
Ƭ̺󣬵֮ɫʧָԭӣ֮䣬ǿڴðݰȥֲ
޿˿ܣ漴ٴθҪϢȻ˫Ŀһٴ¶һ֮ɫ
޴β;˼£صĴŵ棬ţһתһȥ洴֮Щ׾仺
һṦ򣬵ڳڣر¶֮£ֻҺɫһǰӲǣ沼һɫ·
֫Сͬͷ­βͣԿӲ֮£˿̣һӣԶһɫӰ
໺𣡡һֺ𣬵޾޿һţ¶ɭɭɺĳѣƺԶʾҲƺھ뿪Լĵ̡
Ƭ̺󣬼Ȼ޶ԣһ˫С۾׹һ֫ڵһ壬Ƿ֮ŻɫӰȥ


255 
ɫӰȻɫһݹһԶȥˣң
֫Сȥ䱿׾ڵ汼ܵٶȴǿľˣҼʹȫɶݣҲ޷˦µޣӽӡ
ʱ޺ȻһĿϼţ˫һŵ棬صһ죬΢΢һ
ӴΣСɽĵ𣬳ٶȼ죬ҲǰϰԵһÿôֽͬıײ۶ϡ
ڣۿŵ޾ҲԶľ룬Ǿ޿һţ۵һ³һɹ˰еҡ
״ɫһ䣬һţּһĹܻκͣٵļǰɡ
صһ죬һſŹɫ۶ϣɫֻ赲Ƭ̣ǺȻһѶɫСһӣһģĺҵϡ
Ҽ䣬Ҽæһֵصһ죬һĿϼѶܹһһΡ
ҵ壬ֱӱʮ֮ԶſסΣֻǴ˿ɫ԰ףǹŵѪ
кζǵǰܵٴεҲԶʱ򣬺Ȼ޿һţ̵ҵӡ
˿̼Ǽ赲Ҳκβ˵ǿֲĹ߿Ҳûκλᣬٶ̫죬̫ǿ
ϲκλ֮ɫ̧óһžһ飬һƬɫϼϯҵ
һڽɫϼҧסͨһ˵ϣ𶯵ܵ졣
һ̣¶ŭ֮ɫ޿һţտҲȻ˸գӦʹŲƷƺǺԶΪظоҵλá
أ죬ӴŸӦλóȥʱǿǰҵӰ
״ϲɫһæӿ˼ٶȣֻƶͣĽҵľ롣
ھԽԽʱҵΣ৵һ£˹֣޸һ˹ֱԵЩԥ
״ҲͣΣԶԶעŵޣƺʾһ㣬ֻǰ㲻ͣĴŵ棬һŭ
һתֻȻһϼԽԽ֣ƺһ㡣
һ̣һŵ棬Ӵٴεһ޷ٶȣҳȥ
˵֪дһ֣û뵽˷ٶ죬Ҳɫ΢䣬еһöȡһ
۵һһƬɫϼϯºȻһɫһѣȻмִӡ
ʹУԭһ̵ңȴǺȻһϯȥ
ţһ䵽棬ٴεƺîŪĲݵ˼
صһǻɫײҵӰϣȴӰѶȻȻһ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһƬֵĻԭϣһƬϼһҵνֶ
״޼벻Զֻһԥ֮£Ǽȥ׺֮ɫŨ˼֡
ƺҲˣٱûлǰУӴոԵС۾ֻĴһɨǺһŵ棬صһҵȥ
ٶȼϾֽҲûʹǷߣۿŵ޳߾벻ԶʱҲɫһ䡣
ʱ򣬵ȴǲʩչͨң޿һţڰ֮ƣһҡ
ͻ𣬾ڵ޵ľ޿ڣҪҧסҵɲǣǰȻһɫĻӴصһײϣûɫĻȻ
صһ޵ΣǱصķ˻ȥڵ˼ͷЩɵվΣгһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ͬʱкȻһСĽɫԲ̣ɢһɫĻպγһֻһ㣬޵ڡ
ʮֳֽɫСʿվһĵΣʩչŷٿС췢һɫŰнɫԲ̻۶ȥ
ɫԲɢĽ֮ǸŨһ㵭Ľɫ֣ڡ
״޲һ˿ңֻзŭ֮ɫܼŨģǼֳҰԵķһ˫С۾ҲǱɺ
໺𣡡һŭ
ͬСɽ壬źһξ룬漴ǰһ壬صһײ˽ɫ֮ϣùһ˿˿ȴûƿ˼
һ̣һͷһɹصĺ˽ɫ֮ϡ
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ʮƽɫСʿɫһף΢΢һȻЩӣǿֵ
û뵽˼̣ȥʵҪķһЩʱֻۣ촫
ʮӰ½ֶһĻ޲Щ֮ɫһ˫С۾תͣ
λѸϿְɣ󣬱ϾֻǸãֻʿƣ޷޳ʱסġݶ˵ڰд˳ͬʱһɢ
ɫ֮⣬ʮλֳʿܣռʿʿ󷨣油֮á
ɫϿգʮʿգһЦ⣬·ĵޣ¶֮ɫ
Ȼ޴ǺǣȻ˴󣬾;Բӵٺ٣ݶѣȻֲԽնɱ˵ġ½һ֣˵˵һ䡣Ҷԣ˫ĿһеĿ˿ݶˡ


256 
λǻȶԸҪⱻˣܴ⣬޷ǿᣬҲǲСģɫһ˵
ԣһʿ΢΢һЦŶ¾Ϳ޵ķױ̬ʲô̶ȡ
˵껰̧˦һɫɽȻһƷһ֮£ˢһû˽ɫ֣·һնȥ
״˷׷ײĿѣ
ɫɽԼͷ­նӴ΢΢һպñͷ­׼ֵɫɽ
һ̣âһɫɽ׼ȷն˵޺֮ϡ
žһ죡
ɫɽ޵ĺ󱳸һӴֻǵâһɫɽȻ˿û֣׵һɡ
ʲô޼Ѵ֮ĵֵס˼Ʒ˲ɵɫһ䣬˵ȷﵽһֲֿĵز
λǰĳ͸߹ҵģԸ޾Բܴ⣬ҲҪ֮̽ģҪնɱޣҪλȫʩչͨſɡ
Ļô˲˵ҵȰװһˣλĺôҲ޷õˡʱһص˵һ䡣
ԣԼͬĵ˵ͷһ֣
ʱ򣬵˵ԵȻǰҳȥ۵һײ˽ɫֱԵ
һ𣬽ɫһζˮСɽδͣ٣һαһҵײ˽ƣʮڵЩ
״һһâһڵͽ鱦ıϼһವһŵһնȥ
ϬĹҲǰǰ⣬âѣһںɫֶնϵıֵס޷ֺ
ͬʱҲǷ˹ʩչǿĹʹ鱦ûǰǰ⣬һ⻮գͬƥ˵޵֮ϡ
໺𣡡һŭ
˵˷סҲǲɵһȴǸӷĳ˴󣬽ɫֻζĸ
ҶǿһɫԲĵͽ鱦߶һ˵ޣ˵ĵڶֹȻȸǿ
вһҲǵͽ鱦Щûгֵıʵʩվѹ׵ͨһ⣬ǵصĺ˵ޡ
ҹ֫ͷβԽƺһЩʲô˴һ
Ҳ÷ԸҲǷ˵޵㣬ڼκ֮£޵βܵһЩƣâһ֮£˻ȥ
״˲ɵһ˷ܣĹ
أһҵı졣
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һһŴĿըѶֲܿȥɫּȵŤ
ۡһһٿؽɫСڵɫһףһѪ漴ǵ˵ϣһӡ
ֻСڵϣȻԶһӰץС죬ǲٿռҼ油֮ˡ
ǵһ˫۾ֱתһδײɫ֣ٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ
ٲó汾£ϾҪˣߡ˵껰ɫϼһһ»Ϊʮ֮ޡ
ſһ磬۵һһžѪûɫ֮ڣǱһ֮ڰղƺ˷ܵӡ
һ̶ƿ֮ɫһģ֮£ն˵޵ͷ­
״޵ͷ­һâһźһˣɫն˵ǰԵ
صһըһӣһĵĺ˼סΣȻ¶֮ɫ
У߰˼ʮɴС鱦һҶ£żֻݰСȭӰƣһͨ۶ľ޴ŵһն
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һضɽҡľ죬һĿѶΪһɫ쭷磬ܿȥһƬǽ壬Ҵ
໺𣡡
һ˺ѷΰĲҽдϼһܵݣ󼸰ѳڣûһںɫҺʶ
죬ˣҼ˷ЧЩ˷ٴνٻذգез任ͣ׼һֹ
صһ
һȻڿն𣬷ײ˽ɫ֣һȻ֮󣬽ɫŤΣ
ۣ졣
ڵӣһѪĵزռʣ˼æԽһλãۿտҲ
켽λѣۡݶ˼æڷԸԣʿһץ˵ϵС죬ٿ󷨡
֮ǰڴϤٿ֮ݶҲ鷳ڣȴǲ
ײθո䵽棬ſһ磬һɹ˽ɫ֮ϡ
˵ۣȴ޷˷ֵѹۿ߰ڵɫһף΢΢һ֧ӡ
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龰ƺ׼֫һӲţʮҵĹǺȻϡ
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ΣҲûᣬâһֳһںɫƣȻѸݵĳ˺ˡ
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258 ħӰ
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ݶ˵ٵ飬׷׽ע뵽˰нɫ֮ڣ
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ǿĳס˵Ĺ޵Щҡεվ΢һɨԶʯɽԼסһɫɵ¶֮ɫ
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һŭþȫſһ֮£һˮͰϸĽɫŰо޴Ĺȥ
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ݶ˵裬ȻǷͬһ㣬ȻԼƵ󷨣һ˵󷨵ҶЩ˵һ䡣
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ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵߣˣ˵˵ɣõʲôö˵꣬Ҷһڴ֮ɫ


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ٺ٣ˣʱСֻǸоʲôϢңС޵ϳԭǵµһöѡСЦĴ˵
ԣҶɳЩ֮⣬û̫֮ɫһЩϢɽҰСֱرִܷҲʵ
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ˣС˰죬ʲôҲûССЩίӡ
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ԭҶɻСûȡˣһǷûϢĿ֮£ı˷֣ҶҲͶͷ
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մռڸ߽ʿһߴϢһ߿ƷۣٶһЩԥݷȥ

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Ȼֻش侳ȥƲδȬɫȻЩףΪҲͣԲϲδָ
ݶеƷһЦеӣȥͰ˭Ҳ󷨵Ŀ֮
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䣬Ӧ꣬һֻ̣߰µСľУԼֻƿ˴֮С
λӦҵĶǷкƫ˵껰ұǶ裬ӡ
Ӧǰֱ𽻸һֻľУƿ֮漴˳˴֮⡣
ҶɽӹһֻľУԴһǸϺиǣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˷жĿڵ֡
յѣϷŵù㣬ҲͲٲ鿴ˡ½˵껰Ȼûв鿴ľ֮ľ
Ҳһ֮ɫ˷õԼҪıϣǽһЩ֮˵ıϷˣνջС
ǺǣĳԶţˣ꣬ģռסϼգҪ뿪ĳҲš
лᣬҵһͬʱҲӭλʱռͣ˵껰в豭
ԣȻһЦ׷׿ڸǡ
յѣ»Щ飬ȸˣлݷã
ǣʱ䵽һۣ
յѣϷõҪȥһֵҩһˡ½ҿڵ
ҲһˣлݷãȻһЦڰɴ棬ֻһ˫һĶ˫
ǣҶԪ˹֣˵
ֻݶûжƺӣҲûжʣ˼䣬Ƿ׷뿪
һռԺţֻ˸к漴ﳤȥҶԪͬ·
·ϣԪ˿ҶɣڵҶѣ˷ֽӹһ٣ҵ֮·һѣȥϼ
ҶԣǸԪѣ»е飬Ҫһ£ЩԺȥԪѡ
ŶǺãȻˣȲ£ԪĳȻסȥˣԪҲɫһ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴һתŽӵһսǴȥ״Ԫһ˼ס˻ȥ

Ҳ֪˶ãҶɵӰһƫƧĽֵϣͬһ㣬ȻϢһ±˷ֵӡ
һṦҶһǰƮȥ
ףѵˣôת˻ڶȦӣ˵껰Ҷüͷ΢壬Щ˼֮ɫ
ҶǰԶһź£ΪԲӰһĮڽֱţ·һҲδһۡ
ˣ
˵ޱ飬ȴһ֮ɫ֮䣬ƺ˼ʲôȻޱȣƺĿĵĴһֵ
ոմһֵ֮ʱһɫӰֶһߣòǲμնɱжеһʿΪڵӡ
΢һʧķαǻһ̣Ʈĳֵڡ
һĻǡñҶɷ֣оһֹûзңǷߡ
ֻǣѵҲ֪쳣֮˵Щ鷳ˣǲڵĻ»ᴫȥ
Ҷ˵껰ʶһӦȴǲҸ̫ںƮǰС
һṦҶɺȻɫһãȻųȥˣߣ˻ڳаȫġ
˵껰Ҷһǻһ磬ĳ׷ȥ
˿̵ĿĵĴڽֵ֮Уʵٶȼ죬÷ǵĳſȥ
һ˳ţٲʲôֱһзһԾವһϵԶɶݶߡ
ֻʱϵȻ֮ɫʧģЩ֮⣬߬ȭͷüͷ𣬲ʱĻͷһۡ
һṦ÷ٴηɳһɫݹ⣬һϷ֮󣬱ǳʧķ׷ȥ
ܱðƺǱǰһ㡣
ڻɫݹʧһɫݹڳмܴһۣǳĳٳȥ
÷Ǽֲһ㣬Ȼ˿½ȥҲ֪ȥ˺δҲ֪Ƿ񶼻෢˶Է
ƺҲδ֣뿪ãһģӰ÷һֻͣδͣٷֱֺӳ˵ķȥ


262 
һƽԭϿգԦŷзڼٷɶţһṦüͷһ壬ЩɻĿ˿ա
ʱһƿ֮·зһ٣ҲӶݵӣȻתΣһȻĿǵĻɫӰ
ģ֮£ɫݹǳ棬ݹһ¶һŻµߣЩЦĿ
ô𣿺ٺ٣ϷԭţڳﵣĶ̫ģû뵽ȫȻôһƫƧĵط
ٺ٣˴ҲΪ֮ذɡЦ˵֮ǰһȥμնɱ֮ʱֵ߱ļ͵Ҳδི
˿ߣѣҵȸոսӵһβģ
ЦҲһʱģҶԸҲ˷Ѳʲôʱ䣡߹һЦ˵
ԣüͷһ壬ת˿Զĳ漴ʵ֪ĳΪ£
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˴˻˿ӣǵûоɫȴһȻӡ
״üͷһ壬ߵߣʱ㻹ܱ򶨣ȻѵãȻǾ׼ɡ
߻䣬̧һ˦һɫ޸һ֮ĺȻ˰ա
һЦԭǿĳ䣬ûٵģǺǣ˵ĻҲ޷뿪ˡ
ԣһ㶣漴״ЦЦЦһ㡣
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䣬߱Щɲӣ俪ѯʣԶһݹһģ֮£ǳ˶ǰ
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ѣҶĳЩСˣҶ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ΢΢һЦڵǺǣҶѣԺ˵Ѿ׷˴˴취򷢵ɡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷת˽һۣڵѣҶĳѻЩ飬и㣡
ԣüͷһ壬ҶһۣôҲǹϵǳѣǻõĹϵˡ
ʵҶѣҲٵģǲҶ˺նɱ֮󣬺ôǷ˱ǣΣ
ǺǣˣҶĳٵġҶ΢Ц˵һ䣬ԷֵĻԼҲʡϾ˲֪顣
ɫЩѿԼҶɶڣĶսԼûоԵİնɱҶɡ
ۿǰĸ򱻱ǣߣ˭Ҳװ˷׷ôˡ
ҶѣǽĳûĻ֮ˣϷһɱ󣬱ѡ˵һ䡣
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ߣȻ뷨ȫԡҶЩΪ˵һ䡣
ԣЩѣǿ϶еģ˵ЩϧҲϵһˣ
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ʱԶһƿ֮˻δǷЦĪҪż뿪ҶСӽϷã㴦á
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˼״ɵɫһ
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նɱ֮ʱʯڣҶɼ˾Ͻƺ²⵽Ҷ֪ԼܣӦûԼ뻹ء
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Ҷɶ޷ӵģϾ½ڵĴڡ
½迴˿ߣδ𻰣ǳҶ΢΢һЦڵСӣԭϷᣬҪе
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Ҫ֣͹㲻ʶٰ̧ɣߡ˵껰½һಣһâУȻһѻɫǹ
״ɫһϲ˵ĻԼԸֵ뵽䲻һЦ
ҶѣߣǰҲûиϷӣȻˣϷնɱ֮½ֽУߣʶ̧٣๼˵껰¶֮ɫ
˿ˣҶüͷһ壬ȻʺԼͬʱԸˣʵЩһ½ڵĴڡ
ĵıǣؼʱ̣Ȼӵתѣ˼˶Բߡ
ҲЩԥ֮ɫ˫ĿҶɣа룬ҶɸðͬʱԸˣضһߡ
ֻҪҶһӶݣԼҲߣʱֻԸһˣܽӵһ̤зʱûֻǹ۲˵ı仯
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿½ˣѣһ־Ͳ»ڣ
ȻλҪ֣ҶĳΪѣҲֻˣҶɫһ˵
ԣɫһ½Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫ漴ЦĿҶɣŻ쳤ǹɫ師һƿֱ֮Ҷһնȥ


263 ί
ɫǹɫ師һնҶɫ䣬ȴһԦŷз׼룬Լ޷߶Կ
ʱֻҶ˫һ৵һ£һâһĺȻΪһɫߣſڱһɫɫ師
ҶֻڣϯһƬϼһĺȻڰջΪʮڽӲӵķɽâ˸֮䣬Żɫǹһնȥ
ţҶɵһ䣬ಣһ⼤һģ֮ԻΪһͭɫӰ
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Ŀϼ˸ͣмײһ˸Ľ˭Ҷռ˵ӡ
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ҲѣǰûҶɶ֣۶ԷͨΣЩͲԼֵܵסġ
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ռУҲֻЩǿȥģСӣӦʲôطõԵġ
ϷײЩȫϷˡ˵껰½Щ˷ܵӡ
˿֮⣬˿ԵĿܣ۹΢˼ʲô
ҶһתףЦѷģµĿػᱣİȫġ˵꣬ҶɴĿһۡ
˵Ǳʵֹߣ᲻Ҷɵ˼пЦһͷлҶѺˣĳ岻֣һԵȴѵʤˡ
˵껰һ߽·зԶһɽȥֻǽɽϡ
˲÷ģ϶С࣬СཫˣںֶԵССഫҶǵ˵ͷ
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ģοɵСĵ㣬˵ʲôҲƴˣϴһһŹըĻɢһ䣬ȴצľӡ
úãһᦣȫ㣬ͿıˡҶһЦڶź˵
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صһ죬ڳ˿ƣɫײɡ
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뵽Ҷ̧һУವһԶɫһģ֮£ǳҶɵС
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½迴һնһУʶڳĹ죬½貢ûиӲӴ˽
μٺˣͬʱһ죬ȻһѪɫ̣˵ֻһ½п߷֮£ҲɢѪȥܲСӡ
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ףǣСҲû˵꣬½Ȼһ˿֮ɫ漴ϢҲԽԽǿ
áС㣬ҪԱҶɻ䣬СɿβԶȥ
½ԱϢﵽ㣬ƺԤһ㣬ϯźɫ½һȥ
½Աﵽ㣬֮ʣ۵һɫǴؿڴ漴һɫɷϯ½
һṦֻɫһĲҽУţһ¸¹Ц漴ܺɫһ̤ڽա
½Ϣޣˢһ·ŵ׹ȥ
鼸֮£ڽҶɵߣתͣʱһԪ¶
ǣˣǺÿ죬ʱ龭Ķˣ׼ˣ˵ĴԼѾȡ˻˵껰齫ԼݸҶɣһ֮ɫ
漴عһԪЦߣǰԳүүүûӴʱ䳤
ץסΣЩˣ󻹲үүˣǣСԺүүõ㣬ҿԴ㼸ٺ٣
˵껰վڳ֮ϣ˫ֵȥݣһһӡ
ԶҶһĻȴ𺳲ѣɫòϣ񣬸պЦҶɶһ𣬲ɵһ


265 ʥħ
źǲһӣֿ˿ҶеĴСû˵һڣವһ£˽ߴһҧס֮󣬱ǻصҶɵߣҶɣһĿ˿顣
ǼЦһνʼ磬ڵүүѴˣСүүҴ㼸
ޣ˲ĺڹүʱ㳤ǰżնɱͷûüȡߣСһյӡ
󻹲ںүүУ˵
ǰһ˭ҲӣੲݣҶЦЦֵˣǲҪˣ˷ͶСȰҪ
ԣæһЦͷǣˡ䣬Σû˺ڽ֮ڣ漴ϼһڽСƴСӣ뻯ΪСûҶɵ֮С
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ҡҡͷҲԼʱɲ˭ܹӵеġ
˶٣Ҷѣ˵˵뷨ɣ
ŶѲӦú𣿷򵱳ҶĳֵģҶɶһţҲϥ
˼Ƭ̣ɫһԵҶѣΪ˹
ԣҶɫһԼȻûпĳعġ
Ǻǣ֪ѣɷָһҶҲɫ֣صӡ
пЦҡͷµĳѡ𣿡˵꣬̾Ϣһ漴һ䴢

ºҶɵӰɽһ΢Ϸ֮󣬱÷ǷȥϴЦݡ
һصջҶɱǷһԼſڡ
Ҷǰ꿴Ҷɣæһ
ŶǣҶɻ
ӣǰ֪ͨҶǰǰȥһ󣡡ɫ˵
ԣҶɵ˵ͷӦһ֮󣬱ǽ򷢵漴Ŷ룬غ÷ֲ֮һƣŰĵ˴ϡ
Ȼ㼱ȣ߿Щһ㣬˵ĻʱҲ̸ģٺ١˵껰Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ţ䵥°ͣ¶һ˼֮ɫԼ֮ڱǰûʲôһʥǴСǧڵĹһ㣬ԼҲֵ˵һ㡣
ԭԼǧѰҸ߽ԼݣΪڶ㣬ݵ֣߽Ȼû䣬ȴУõһ
˹Ϊʥħ塯ǰƪأӦ÷ΪΣֻҶֻõһΣҲǵһΡ
ΪҲûк֮Ҳһնɱһͽʿеõģʱѻ꣬ͽʿһһеһԲʿֻ˵ˣ䣬űڵͽʿ֡
ǰƪûʲôܣֻ֮Լ֮ļأȫûһҲ֪ںδԵõ
ֻǿһЩḶ́Լ֮ҶɾͲһ֣Ѳ˵ֱĥҸ֮ϸӱ̬ȻϽ˵ľѪԼͬħľѪ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ̳˼
ֻӨ̵ƿһֻɫУһīɫ壬ֻֻʣ֮һңȱ֮ӡ
ö֮ϣǼʥħֻ֮ƿԼֻУǲ֪װкˡ
Ҷƿ΢΢һЦɵû
ʱҶɣڵõͬʱֻƿԼҲһõ֮ֱװħѪԼɾѪ
֮ڣװżҪĸ֮õ⼸ʱ򣬿νǲȫȫ
ʱԲΪֱʮǰ󣬲Žһʥħɹмȴûˣֻ־ѪһЩ
Ҷɲ鿴־ѪȫԼãҲͲٵʲôǼȱĲϣҺü֮бС
ʣǷȱļֲ˵ͨԼѰҲô׵ֵģǡ񡯣̶ȣȫ֮¡
ٺ٣ãҪĲϲȱʣµĲѰұã˵ĻʥǴ󷨵ǲˡҶ˵꣬˫Ŀһп˿ǰ
Եһ¿νǿ󣬵һʿ˵ںδõһ׹ܲԭȫģҲԼġ
䶨Ƕ׷ɱ֮ӵ˶Ӧû뵽ԼԲֻ̤˻ӤĴʿȻһڵǿԼᵽıҲǱ˱ˡ
ȻʿԵձһߣҶˣҶܹõĻԵҲж죬ҲδزҶɵġ
˶磬˵ĳ˭õ˸ĻԵϲ֮Уֻǣ֮˲֪ˡ
ͬǲҶɷ֣˭뵽侹ȻȹԵռпϽĹġ
ҲҶɶɽ磬ӳ˺Լڴ
ڵʶԼһЩҶҪĨһμ䣬ȻĹϴӦ
˺֮ǣҶɲŽߣ˿ǰҶһӣ৵һ£ϼһƷʧ
ҶɵһһŽӲӵԲ飬Уһɫ˿ϣڵһů⡣


266 Ϊ
еĽɫҶ΢΢һЦ½еõ顣
ٺ٣ǶռһЩ֮ضܹ֮ģֻһʵ̫١Ҷ˵꣬ǽ
ֻҪ۵һ̶ȵȥ֮صĵ°ӣ֮ҶɵĲ²⣬ԪӤ۳ԡ
ʱ򣬾ı仯ҶɲȴЩڴ
һ˼·Ҷ˫ĿһգǴ
ڶһ磬Ҷ
Ҷ˫Ŀһ˵˵һ䡣
һһŻʮ߰СӣΪڣ˾ڣҶɹҶǰõڣ֪Ƿѣ
ԣҶһ˼漴ЦЦڵӦõһʱ˰ɣ
ǵǰ֮ǰǰû˷˼ŵǰһ¡˵
ԣҶ͵ĵ˵ͷڵʲô֣
ϲɫһ˵ࡣ
ࣿٺ٣ʻԣҲգȻһҲЩԵ֣㼸һЩ洦ĵҩ⻹мֲĹӦҲõϡ
һ䣬Ҷɵһ䣬ֻƿöһ߽׷Լһʯࡣ
ʯǿջһķã㽻ȥɣʣµ¡ҶЦе˵ҶɽӴΣƷҲ飬Ҷɶӡ󲻴
лǰǰ˷ܵ˵
ţˣȥɣҶɵ˵һ䡣
һƷ漴뿪˾ңҶ˼Ƭ̣һʧ˷֮ڡ

ʱҶɵӰĳ侲ڣˣƺʲô
Ҷһľ֮ϣƷ裬һһ׷ߣҶɴִ¡
һˣһĸݵӣΪڣɫۣ˫Ŀ˸ĿҶɡ
ˣǴ˴ֵĿƴʦ
ִ¿˿ҶɣЦҶѣϴ˵ģϷӵ˵Ĵŷ뿪֮ǽʱ䡣
ǺǣϷðϷȥջҲûм㣬סھӣԼ࣬ϷϤˡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦϴεȷǲ˼ˣʱߵôæûü֪ͨѵģ˷һ͸ϿˣǺǡ
޷˾ͺãϷѾϣʦԿѵǾ߿ܣǿԵĻҶѻѧϰ߼֮ġִЦ
ŶҲãʦһ˵껰Ҷһ˦һֻͭɫС˼˸ǰ
״һ̧֣ܼΣʱüʱͷ¶һɻ֮ɫ
Ҷѣɷʩչһ¡Ҷ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷſңңһ㣬ವһͭɫСŰһ壬ϼһ漴Ǳǵһ˶ߵӡ
ţһǿϢɢϼ˸ֻһ˿ڣǵҶĽۡ
صһ˵棬վΣ˿ܸĹ۲ܵ壬ƺڸʲô
Ҷѣ֪ܳĸ֣֮ƺҴԪ۹֮üͷһʵ
ԣִЩɻ̫֮һҲӦǴԪ۹ʦһ˵ɵÿ˿Ҷɡ
ǺǣҲżȻõģǳԺδҶĳҲġﵱ治ǴԪ۹ɣĸʦ֣֮ҶҲЩɻʵ
ǺǣҶѣóʹܵţԼСɵַͬΣĳ˵ɵַһԭǿԷֱĸƳģϸоĻҲǿƳġЩŵ˵
˶٣˿ܣȷǴԪ۹Ƶģַ֮Ҳ౿׾֮
һս󣬺ʯСΪǰᣬֻܣʯӦòСƷҲȽϴֲڡ
ַԼһЩϣϷʵʱδδţЩҵڿһ϶ûùЩҲ
²ⲻĻӦһֻʽܡ˵껰˫ĿһеĿ˿Ҷɡ
ԣҶҲЩ֮ɫڵŶûʲôֵˣҲλʱ䣬ҶĳҲЩġ
˵껰Ҷ̧һУǽ
״һ˿֮ɫæҶѣٺ٣ĳû˵ûмֵģ֪Ҷѣѧϰֿ֮
߼ܣҶֱӿڵ
оһЦҶѣҪĸ׽Լĸ߼ֶ⴫ģռܣĳԿһ
ŶʦԼǣҶĳҲ뷨еĿܣҲһֶΣҶĳҲ⴫ġҶһЦ˵һ䡣
ѣȻˣҶĳˣ˵껰ҶվΣȥ
״ִɻ֮ɫ˵ԼԿ֮ͨ޷ļֵҲоҶпܵĲ֮Ȩʦϡ
һУڵҶǿĳ룬ҶԸġ
Ҷһ٣תЦ˼Ҷĳıˣʦ˵˵ȿֶܵΣȷǲ⴫ģлʦѡ
ǺǣҶĳҪȫĴֻܻȥоʱۺϼ֮ڶҶĳеĿܸĽһЧһЩҲñѧ˵ֶΡ
ȿȣҶѣĳӦ㣬Ը߼֮ɫһ˵
ʦˣҶĳĲڿ֮˷ʱˣΪǣ˵껰ҶתΣȥ
ҶҪʲôɫЩǺ˵Ҷԣ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ


267 ı
ŶȻʦִ⣬Ҫоп֮Ҷĳ˵⴫ΪѣҪһֱ߽׿ܣԼ߼֮ˡҶɺȻתΣЦе˵
ʲô㡭Щ΢ŭ֮ɫû˵꣬Ǳִ´ϡ
Ҷѣĳ֪ڿЦʦ˽ӴоܣЩԵĵط벻Ҫִ֡¿˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɵ˵ͷףѧϰ߼֮ԷǿӦҪһֻ߼ܣҲֻΪһ¶Էˡ
ǺǣȻִ˵ˣҶĳҲ˵ʲôҲգ˿ܿԸʦоµĿܣͷʦ޲һˣҶĳҲ˳ѧϰһ¿֪֮ʦΣҶɫһ˵漴˿
ãҶѷģĳһҴڣ޲֮£ĳΪȡκʯáæͷӦҶٴηһ㡣
ҶɻصλһƷ裬һ
һʱĳڣҶɵӰ˴˵ء
СŷԲʮңܽʯʰǽڣмһڴ󶦣·ĵػڣ޼ӡ
һľܣϱ߰ڷŸֲϣԼһֻֻɫĿСˣмö档
ǺǣҶѣ˴ªޱȣЦˣҶԣЦ
ԣҶɰ˰֣˵ʦҵ֮Ҳʲôʦʱ䶼ڿһ֮ϣȷʵҶĳ
ٺ٣˰òͬλѣѡ֮ѡʲôΪ϶ķϣȻٻǻһЩӰġ̾Ϣ
Ҷɽȡ漴ʦϡ
ӹܣ˼ۣڵҶѣɣĳоֻܣһЩƿܵĵãԼƷоһ
ĳ˿оʱ򣬲źÿʼ޲˵һЩõЧģҶѾΣ
ҲáҶӦһתľȥһöǲ鿴߼֮ϥоҶɵĿܡ

÷ռңԴնɱ޻عƺð
ռĳڣһңվһߣȥ׷ԲԣɫޱȣԲΪһϢֲ쳣ֻ̤˻Ӥż
ˣռ桪պգ
棬龭žˣλһأҾ͸Ͻ˹˵һ顣
ԣպĿʹɫ룬Ƭ̺󣬻̧ͷ˿ҡ
ţĲ벻ҲɹˣһΪҪԼԶֵġպյ˵һ䣬¶֮ɫ
ҵܹ쵽飬ֺͷֵģڣֻʣһˡ˵üͷһ塣
պԣҲ˫ĿһУͷӦ벻£ٺ٣ֻҪǰһŪ֣Ϳ˵УȡӤˡ
ֻҪϷӤڣ¶Ҳûʲôϵģֻż»Ҫúıһܴ⡣
ǣӢʱԥݾͲˣҪһ壬Ĵٺ١˵꣬¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
ռҵıû֪飬Ҳû֪Ҳ֪ν£绹һı仯š

ĳڣҶɷһö漴ת˿üͷɵ΢΢һЦ
Ըֱˬһ㲻̫ϲڿһȷǹִţµһЩĵá
Լӳͽף߼н׵Ŀ֮һͶ˴Щԡ
ҲҶɶԿһǳ֮ԼעֲϵãܵĸֶֹΣȣҶҲȻء
ֻԼûۼʶƣԼҲûԲ񿴹͸òһˣ߿ʦ޲Ҳá
ҶѧϰٶԿҲЩ˽⣬ԼֻܣȱȷǺԣǾʯ
һЩֶΣԼϵϣҪƷֲ࣬ڣȻҪһͬ׿ܴࡣ
ҶԼҲ޲޷һЩĲϰˣ˿Ѻ޲Ͼˡ
ʦ˼ƺ򵥣
ڷˣĳ˵ֶ˸Ϊֲˣԭһ߲δɵĿܣ˵꣬ƺǷʲôһ㣬һֵ߰İŪſܣһ߲ͣ̾š
ʦ˼ǣҶЩɻ
ҶѣĳĲ²⣬һֻƷĿܣǴ˵еĲ֮ռַֻǣ˵ַֻǶţȴǴδʶԪ۹ֹ
벻Ҷ˻ԵȻҶӦȥεյأϹŽеõĴͷ˵
ֻ֮еõġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ٺ٣ʵҲ㲻òֻ֮ȿܵһֳƺˣҲ˵ܵĻָܼǿС˿ڣգۼȬͷЦ
ǺǣĪڿЦЩ˿ѾЩʱˣ˿δָһġҶ̾Ϣ
ԣȡʤ˰֣ڵΪδȫƳɹˣˣĳȽ޸һ£˳㽫ĳеϣһȥ
պҶлȡáǽ֮УؾͿɲ֮ˣٺ٣ʶһ£ϧĳҲûǽ˵꣬ҡҡͷ
ţһӣľһһ漴м֮Уһ۵һػһܶǿ˴֮ϣĲڻ
Ҷѣ˵ûǽĲ֮˷޲ƹӦûٽһģԿһ£Ҳ֮ܵؼ֮ˡ˵껰ǽйͭɫСŰһס


268 
÷Ƿңۡڣ
ӰУƷ裬ƺʲôֻһ۵ӣɫ̫ÿӡ
ˣǷ֮
һŻۣĸݵ꣬ò㿡ʣֻЩ֮ɫɽܳӡȻ
Ȼ΢Цв豭ŷ˵ѣ֪ĳ飬ˣǵõĳ˵ħѪػ֮󣬾Ҫġ
ԣɫһڵѣ¡
ϻֻҪңǷɾͺáȻȻ˷£ɫһ˵
ãȻĬȻŭһڵߣȻĳĻԷ磿˵ĻҿҪ÷ǳˡ
ȻĻһ˿ŭɫ漴̾˿Ȼѣ£ݷĳǼգȻú㽻̸ɡ
ߣˣ˵껰Ȼһ˦ȥ
ȻıӰûȴ޿κΣһṦ򣬱뿪˴

ĳڡ
һֻһ˶ߵĵɫܣ˰գͷһ󶦣ʳ󼸵ɫƵҺ壬˿֮ϡ
ܵɫԽ䣬һҲʧȥ٣ȻǰҫһЩ
Ƭ̺ƴԱһ䣬ڰսâһصһ˵ϡ
Ҷǰܣоֹ֮һ˿˿⴫˵ƺܵ壬ǰҪʶһЩӣﵽ˸߼ͽ׿ܵļ
ٺ٣ԺлҶǴչǼϣԽ˿ܼģĳΪˡĿǰĿܣ˵˵һ䡣
лʦҶĳһЩܣȻһЩϷãҶĳ֧ġҶ˵껰ǽɫ
ٺ٣޷Ҷƺֿܣʵ
ţһЩ򵥵οܰɣʵıãϾߵȵĿܲҲǼġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ˵ͷһ֮£ϱǳĲϣҶɿ˿˫ĿһǲٿŰմ󶦣һ϶˴֮С

ڣҶɣִ£ʦ˵˵ʲô
ٺ٣ҶƵļֻܲ뷨ȻأһЩֻſܵľ衣ʦ͵Ŀ˿Ҷɡ
ʦˣҶĳ֮ǰûо飬ֻý߽һ£ǺǣǴʦ޲ĿܣǽҶɿһ䡣
ԣִ΢΢һЦڵ˵λǾͲҪ̧ˣϷɲͣǺǣҶѣ޲õĿȡĳʶһ¡
ԣҶЦЦһಣһ⼤ڰջΪһһ˶ߵĵɫܡ
ϸ˰Σִµ˵ͷڵȻͬˣٺ٣˿ܵһܿɱȵġ
ţĳڴ˾߿ܵϣǳԺĿܣ¼۸ҲҪˣһ޴ߣ˵꣬΢΢һЦЩڴ֮ɫ
Ŷ֪ιʣʦţѵΪĿ֮ԳԽɣʱһ䲻гȻ˽
ţһһɫӰ˽һ꣬ĸݣݿ㣬ֻЩ֮ɫ
Ȼѣٺ٣ĳᲢ۵ģ˵껰һ˿֮ɫ
ִһֱЦӣҲЩʲôֻҶЩɻ֮ɫҲûп˵
ףǣʱȻȻ˰еĿܣЩɲӣ俴ô£ֻâһ漴ǱҶ
Ȼʲôˣǿ֮УƻǲٿؿܣǶĴڣҲһܳĵӡ
ڿһ۹⣬ȻֻǰҴҿһۣǷ˴˾߿ܵĲ֮
λǣȻ˿Ҷɣ˵һ䡣
ԣִɫһ
Ҷɡ˵꣬ҶɶȻ˹֡
Ҷĸŵӣˣǰֻܣ֪ҶѿɷоһȻ˿Ҷɣһе˵
ԣҶǸЦЦڵ˼ˣЩҪȥһλǣ˵껰ҶĿִһۣ˫˵ͷ漴Ҷתȥ
״Ȼɫһûʲôǻͷ˿ˣ¶һĨЦ
ղˣʲôݣϣǶλҪƭĳźá˵꣬Ȼɫһ壬˫۽Ŷˡ

Ҷ뿪󣬱ȥݶˣѧϰһ֮һ뵽˹ϵһ㣬ԼûʲôܱԷϵĶҶֻա
֣ϣֻʣˣ÷Ǽ飬ҲûκϢ
֮£Ҷ׼ȥ󣬱ϾߵϢʵ޷򽻻ĻֻܿǴӦˡ
ʱ֮ҶɵӰ¥һȹŮʲô
ӣλߵϢβۣܳҶɿ˿òŮӣɫһһ䡣
ԣȹŮӿ˿ҶɣƺЩįڵҶѣΪ˵ߣŵͳ۳ȥˡ
˷Ļ䲻˵ѵӣҶɲɵһ֣Щ֮⣬ӣƺϢ޷õˡ
ҶЩ̾Ϣʱ򣬷ȴһһЦҶɵ˫֮УǷݽޣۺһ˿֮ɫ
ĪƭҶĳ߲ûȥҶЩŭ˵һ䣬ǰȷʵݺݱԼһ
ûƭ㣬ȷʵȥˣԼѣ˼Ļã죬¾УҲˣ˵꣬̾Ϣһ


269 
ȿȣԭϣô˵¿ɷֱӹ򣿡Ҷ˷Ļ˵һ䡣
ԣü΢ĵֱӳǲܵģǲӦҵպ󣬼ͨˣҲˡ
ŶǺ⣿ѵҪϵ˫ް²ſɣҶ˵˵
˿Ҷɣ۶ǰ˿ĵʵ˱ƻ飬Բų²ߣһϵ˫ް¡
˵ֻҪǿԵӮң÷ЩҲ벻ƺ÷֮ˣ£ǡȥѰҲǼ֤ʵ
ԵѵʵȫԻܶԷΪҲڵΪֻҪͬ۳ɰܣߣ
ԺʲôҪҲᶦҶѣ㿼һ¡˵꣬ǳĬ
ҶڿףߣԼһҪõģǶԸһڵʿҶɻЩĵģʧܣҲõ֡
֪ԷʲôˣȻ÷ΪѣԷӦЩݵİɣҶɿɲһʱ嶯ʹӦĺá
ɵӣȻһһٵ˵
ȻȻҶ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ҶʶˣЩ֮ɫ
Ŷոռһ棬ҶĳӦӵӿɷȽҶĳɰ²ұֻ֤˵ΪҶã÷ҲԼĸڣǵ˶ԷԼΪɢޣҲûʲôǣң뿪÷Ǳǡ
ԣϲɫһϲĵ棿ãŵùҶѣߣĿ˵ŻһӣҶɵǰǳһֻС
һҶɱǿ˺иǣ漴΢Ц
ӾͲҶĳڣֱ뿪Ҷһ䡣
ΪҶǸˣ˵֮꣬ɫ콿Цȥ޶˵ӡ
Ҷԣ죬ȴû˵ʲôϵЩ֮⡣
ҶĳȻȥˣգҶĳԼ˵꣬Ҷɱתȥ
ףôǺǣǻЩԵ֣쾹ȻΣѵĿܣ¿ʵ˵ȥˡʱ¥ȻӰȻ˽Ҷɲ˵ƺ׷ҶȥӣպõסҶɵȥ·
״Ҷüͷһ壬Ҫ˵ЩʲôֻŲһ𣬽ţһ㴫˱ǿ֮䣬Ҷɲɵһ
Ϊ˫֣סҶɵֱۣҶЩεĶ˶˿ûɿ֮⣬Ҳûʲô
״Ȼһ㶣һȻ֮ɫĿҶɡ
Ȼѣλ˫ް£գѾԼ׼һսʤˣϣȻԼԺҪھˡ΢죬ȴһ˵
ĬãȻعҶɵ˵ͷȻЦ
úúã˵ˣȻ㣬ҵȻЩԵ֣Ҳą̃˵ԭŹҶɵȻȻÿһ·Ҷɿ˿߷ſ֣漴Ҷɱ뿪˴˴
Ƭ̣Ȼһ˿ӣƺ˫ް£ٺ٣һᣬòҪˡ
ȻˣҶѣȷ˫ް£ôȻѵˣɻʵ
ЦȻҲãԭҶСеĿܾͺܸȤԭû뿪
ܹɱȥɱ˶ᱦˣٺ٣ϣ㣬ô򶨰ɡ˵꣬Ȼ뿪˴˴
Ĭã˫Ŀſڣ㣬ҲԼֱ

Ҷɲ֪ߵ̸صջ֮󣬷Ըκ˲֮󣬱ǽŹ
յĶսҶɲû̫ϣʤܣҲҪԼҪǣҩڴˡ
ʶǿߵĺô󣬶ڽ׼ʣҲЩģңڶ֮󣬿Ը½ƣҲԽᦸ
ʤܣսս֮󣬾ҸصĵطƵҩҶ˵˫Ŀһգ

ڶһ磬Ҷɸյȥҷû뵽ȴǱ˷ң֮󣬶ҲЩ֮ɫ
ŶԭҶѣζлְСãԺʲô飬ĳΪһϵ˵֮Уȴһ˿ɻƺҶɵʵܹȻһ㡣
ǺǣҲû뵽ȻǷҵĲԭãȻҶĳˣȻᾡΪġҶЦЦ˵˵
û뵽Ҳʶȱ˵ˣǵҹ㳡ȥɣ΢ЦĿŶˣǰ·˽
һյ蹦˷ҺԺһ㳡ȥŰҵӣˣֻмΣ˹㳡
㳡Ե˰£
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ҲǸյѣǺǡЦ˵ϾҵĲҵ÷ǣǲ׵Ȼġ
ϻ˵ȻˣͿ㶯ְɣ˷Щ飬˻֮ҺÿЩӴȥġ˵껰Ȼһ۷һ˿˷֮ɫƺڿŮˣǣڿһƷһ졣
״ҶһУǿ˿ûзʲô쳣漴վΣڵҲãҶĳʱҲܴæģȻˣҵսپ
ӣҶĳǲԸߵģ˵껰ҶһವһԾ˹㳡룬һĿ˿Ȼ
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270 ʥ
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ŶҲãҶĳҲ֪һԿƵɣƳĿܾǿᵽεȵزҶ΢Ц˵
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271 
ҶɺȻ̧֣ವһаĽιмɫһնȥ
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ºԥݱԵһƬϿգ˵Ӱӹͣٵԥ֮ȥ
󣬰ɫӰԥ֮⣬һƬɽϿͣסΣͷһȦʶһŶϸϸ̽˷Բûκ쳣֮һһ۵ɽȥ۵һûɽ֮ڡ
ˣҶɣ
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һ˼Ҷɿ˿ܵĿռ䣬˴Ҷɲó˼׵Ķ߰ңҶһ֮ϡ
һ̣䵥һӣವһһâһĺȻڰջΪһɫ󶦣仺ת
ţҶһһƬϼǰȻ˸ҩԼߡ
Ҷ˫ĿһգԺһδʲôֱ֮󣬲ٴ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
˫ر任ͣһŞ̌̇ǰһ㡣
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ٿŴڻ֮ϣ漴һҩ֮УŻ滺תͣϼǺӣе¶ҲǱ仯


272 
ϲһһ޼ʵĻԭϣһɽȣܴݲ쳣󣬷ʴ麿һ㣬ֲ
˵أȣ
ܣƽʱǿʱܳ겻ӰسûҲһ޲Ӱ
УȴЩ쳣
ĵشһƬ渽ԪһңһЩ޸оϢһ벻ǰдŨŨľɫ
ǽڶޣҲβѣƺǸоʲôֲĴһ㡣
ڸ²֪һʵĹţ۶һɫ˿ߣ

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û뵽פ񵤵ĳɵ֮͡Ҷҡͷпһ䡣
֮УҶȺʧΣԼһöù⣬ҲûƳɹ⻹նɱ½֮ʱõϵҶɲٴȱٲϣҲϵҡ
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˫Ŀһյһ˼·Ժ˼֮Ҷɱǵһʼ

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ԣȻ΢΢һŭߣ÷ǣҲҪҵɳ֣ҩҩ궼ңƵҩĵطҪһ顣
ǣʦ֡˵껰ʧ˴˴ȻһС
ϧǾ߿ܣϣ㣡ߣ˵꣬Ȼ¶һ˿Ц֮⡣

ı仯Ҷɲ֪˿̣ŷɫЩ԰֮⡣
ʶ֮У޺ѣһεҺʶ֮ȻγһŵɫԽԽ˸ҫ۵Ĺϼ
Щʶ֮ȴҲ޷ھ֮ϣƺֻЩҺʶ֮Զá
৵һ£ϼһһɫֶȥ鶯ޱȣһ˫۾תֻͣצצֻͷϵǲԣȥֻ͹ļǶѡ
һ̣ҶʶһɫҶɵĶͷһһĺȻڰջΪ
ɫ԰׵ҶɣصĴ˼ۣ漴һ
ݡ
ɫʧͬһʱ䣬ڽ֮⣬һâһ¶ɫΣٶȾȻͬ˲ưֲҿӲܽơ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ¶˷֮ɫͷ벻Ȼֻϧʵʰʶ̫֮ϡ٣ĿǰҲʹöԵУ⵽ɣ˽ʶ֮ġ
ȻˣҲ˿ӰҶɵļ֮ɫ΢Ϥһƿ֮ɫವһûҶɶͷ֮ڡ
Ҷ˫ĿһеĵҲʱ򣬳һڵƿˣ


273 ֻ
ʱգʱҴҶ
Ҷڳڹؼʱ̣Ԫһңԭ޴Ԫ©ʣһ˿Ҳ۵һû֮ڡ
Ҷ˫Ŀգ֮һʧõС֪࣬ʱĳ˽ƹ֮⣬صĿҶɡ
ֻһϢȴǱ֮ǰǿ࣬Ȼǽ׵˽ڸ߽ס
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ǵ޲µѣСҵõ֪Ϊεڻûġ
СһڣΪСӣĿĳŵһŭ漴һ֮£ǽѽס
һѴһԵ£Сβһ˦صһһɣصĵ䵽Զ
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ء
ʱҶڼ촫ţɫһ׵˫ĿɫЩ֮ɫ󣬱ǿЦҡҡͷ
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С඼üˣЧҲôԣˣͰСɡСЩ˵
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ԣСţ޴βֱĵ棬֮һ֮ɫĿź顣
ڹүѧһԴ㣡СЩĿź顣
צ˵ЩʲôҶɫһİ˰֡
״鼱æתҶһƤЦӡ񹦸޵УˣʲôԸ
˵Żܲ鿴һŭݡ
ˣǲҪܳˣ㼸⡣Ҷɶź˵
ԣֱתЦⲻĵ˾ʣ֪޲ԣ޲ʵ
ںϲʱ򣬱Ҷɰִϣţһˢһֻɫһ˰ա
ڽ׻ϵõᦣ
ǣлˣ˶Ժ΢޷Ժϵɽ»𺣣Чҡ˫Ŀâһ˷쳣
źӣҶɲɵһЦ
ϵɽ𺣣ҪЩ౦ָʵôԺҿԶռһЩҪٴϲҶɵ˰֡
ȻǣҪͽƣûĵĻ˽Ʊû˿˺ΣҶɫһ˵
ԣԭɫһתƺ˼ס
ˣ½ƣҲαضһأԺ鶨Ļû˵꣬Ҷɱɫһ漴ֻֽ̧
ڹһǶ˴ģô½ƣߣҾ˵㲻ʲôöҸү͡Сȴ¶ϲɫæ侮ʯ˵˼䣬һֻӡ
С֪ʲôһͽƣ˾㱻˻ɱҲøɢĺԩ鵹Ҳֱӣ֪⻹˵һ䡣
ԣҶ˫ĿһУЩ̫߿ԼˣҶƽʱЩ̫ˣסΪ飬ͲҪ̸
ȻΪЧ޷˰ģĪ˵ᦻָʵҲһСĻˣ˵Ļ


274 Э
ܵҶϵĺ⣬ԼЩɵüĴ˸һ̣Ҷɸĸоٲ֮ǰǰ͡
ѡɢǻָʵסҶĳѡϻ˵꣬Ҷ˫Ŀź顣
С࿴ҶɣҲǲɵһ㶣оҶɴʱʣǰϤĸоƺǻ˸һ㡣
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Щ۵ʿֻ֪һм֮ɫĿˣǷԶһ˿֮ɫȴһʮӡ


278 м
¬ѣĴãĳɱƽԶ¬Щ粻֮ɫ¶һͰЦݣ˵İοһ䡣
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ѣһӻȥЩȱ󷨣ҵȺƣԵֵһʱ䡣¬Զʮݹ⣬ɫֵ˵
ԣԶ˫ĿһƬ̣Ȼ΢΢һЦڵٺ٣з󷨣ȻðˣҲɵӻȥġ
одŷֻҪҶֹɵӣǷĳڴҲٵģŲƷܿ˹һܲ
ŶȻ׼Ȼȫһ¬ĳͷˡ˵껰۵ʿ˿
ԶʮݹԽԽһ꿴˿۵ʿڵ¬ѣȻ󷨣Ͽ첼ϣһ˵Ļ᣿
ԣ۵ʿ¶Ȼ֮ɫƺʮŵһ㣬æڵԶԣЩˣ
˵껰۵ʿһ˦ʮС죬̣һļ˫ְַò
ˢһһ˸Сûܵ棬漴ʧҲܰգһƴС̣ವһɵգϼһ֮Ҳ
󣬻۵ʿһ̧ǼɫС켤Χһϼһʧ
۵ʿһ󷨽ƣҲ˿ͬʱҲ̾˲ַ죬ߣ鱦ⲻ¶˻֮ɫ
Զüͷһ壬û뵽˲ڶ࣬Ҳõ˸˵˴Լ̼伤ŷֵʱԮϵԶĵףȴһ˿֮⡣
ʮݹԽԽĵ׵һ궯ǸŨ
ܲãɵ壬ԷһԶ˿۵ʿɫЩص˵һ䣬漴Ҫʮ˷ȥ
״۵ʿɫһæֹҼҲиȫϡ
˵Ż۵ʿжȴѿʼָܵ£ˢһһɫֶһɹɽ֮ɢ
ʲô⣬д󣡡ܵ˽֮ǷԶɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺʶ˲ԡ
۵ʿжܹͣϼһһ㵭ɫֻ۳
ʱԶһȡץסмˣĳϴŻȥ˵ŻԶæóһöɫžһ鿪
ಣɫո飬һۼ޷â
صһ죬ǵâ˻ɫ֣ȴǱո۶ɫ״ɫһ䡣
ʲôǣմ󣿡˴ʧܣԶɫѿմ󲻵޷ʹŲƷǴŷҲ޷Ϊ˴ռ䣬Ǳ˵һռ䡣
ʱŻ۵ʿȥȭĺ˹ȥ
۵ʿӰڴһŤʧһ̣֮ϼһ¶˻۵ʿӰ
صһ
ǵȭӰһգص˴֮ϣɫֱ΢΢һΣ漴ǻָ
ʱԶʮݹ⣬Ҳ˹֮⣬ˣɵ΢΢һЦһ׷߷ɳȺƹֱԵ
Զ׷üͷһ壬Ƭ̺󣬺Ȼ㣿ռպգ
벻볤ʶϷ򡣡պɵ΢΢һЦ
ԣԶɫһڵߣֹ㣬ѸӣƵѣѣҲ᲻ϵ÷ĳɣ
ʱȺ΢Цĵ˵ͷһ߿ڵٺ٣ѱΪɳϣܲϵҵССɢޣҵ᲻ϵôķѵġ
ߣ㿴ڵӣǱ𣿲֪λҵסǺ⣿ƺҵȲԩġԶת˵һ䡣
Ǻǣǵȷԩ޳𣬵ϷȴҪȥħѪһˣԣҲˡպ΢Ц˵
ͲӳȥɽӵϢԶüͷһ˵
ԣպտ˿ļˣֿ˿ش󣬽ĿǱĻ۵ʿϡ
ٺ٣֮ǰƼ󷨴ʦϷ򻹲̫ŵģһݶ˵ĴȻ鴫Ϸ֮ǰȴЩªˡպɫһ˵
ԣ۵ʿ΢΢һЦҡͷǺǣյѱҵȼǺˣյѱչ֮ʱƶδʲôֻʮ꣬һΪ֮ǰյû˵ƶʵ
ʲô㣬ݶˣԶ˻Ȼɫһ䣬㶵ĿԼȵĻ۵ʿ


279 
ԥϲһƬ֮У߰˵Ӱϥе¶ɻеޱ顣
ҶɵӰҲУ˫Ŀ΢еĿԶһ˼֮ɫ
ΪռȲδ˵ҪǿŵħѪأˣȿҪħѪصʱռҲŶ˵ʵ顣
ԣ˷׷ɫһ䣬Ȼ𾪣ħѪظոտػԱгдŷԮʱϵʵûаգöԷŵʱ䶼ûоġ
漴ռ˵õĲԣǾݶ˶ԹȥȽЩסҲ½սƣǴŷ޷漴ڸϹȥЩɱ
򵥣ѣΣվħѪر˳˷磬ԸΪУҲĴ˴ʧܣԮΧס˴ùġ
ռƺԤϣպս鵽Ļɱʧܵˣڴ˵أﴦЩڹȥҲ޷
һҶɵ˿ʹڴ˵ûжҲǷɹʧܣЩ˻ԥɢӡ
ǳɹЩ˻ӵţڹȥ˻ϣȺУ˶ѸңԼһǰҶɼ״
ڴ˵صȺ֮ãĿҺȻ˫Ŀһһһöŷ
ҿԳˣѾϣ͵ǹȥˡ𣬶Ŵ˵һ䡣
ԣɫһϲȴռҵֶΣԼݶ˵󷨡
ţ˶ݹһ𣬻Ϊһƿնȥ
պҴˣħѪڴֲһʧڴĽƣǱ˿
״˽Ŀ뿴ݶˣ֮Ũڸ˻о˼޵ĽƲƺǱݶ˲֮ãνȫ֮
ʱռպտһۣڵλεѾ֮߰ãҲ˵ºһͻڡ
ҵʱ䲻࣬ڻ֮ǰ˵أ潫ռ߽׿أݶ˵ķΪ̡
ˣϷһͬħѪأ۵ĵʲôУռҲҪֺȻռҪ񣬴һҪġ
պ˵껰˵ͷӦһ漴պһǴǺںɽ֮ڣ״½ĸȥ
һṦ֮⣬ֻʣңԼռ߽ףڴ˴˸ֳһС죬΢΢һ֮£˵ӰŤ漴ʧ

һɽˮ㣬ƮɢŵɫĿռڣʮӰգɽˮԼһƬƬ֣ɵ¶ɫ
˲룬ΪɽһƬ谵ռ䣬Ƶ¶ѨĴڣû뵽νħѪأȻһ
ֻպ˫Ŀž⣬ͷЦЦڵϷõϢһ޶ٺ٣ҲҪʱ䣬
ԣҶɻȺ֮УҲûע⵽ҶܸоһΣյĸоԼʶ֮ǿԭҲԼЩС
ҶȴǰСʮڽ轣ڽâ˸ƺʱԼˡ
˴㰲ݣ治֪õʲôٺ٣ѵΪ˻ɱһ²ɣʱһ꿪˵һ䡣
ԣǰɶݵĸ΢΢һЦҡͷѻСһЩźã˴Ͼûп˵һЩ֮ѹرգҲ˵бҵȴ
ȻܱϼӿʲôΪ֪֮ҲýŻúѹһٺ١
ϹԲҵȻСһЩãףǰнƲҵȹȥպ˵ŻȻüͷһ壬ǰһ˹ȥ
״֮ȥһṦ򣬱ǿһƬ޴ĵɫ֣һ֮ɢ
鱦Ȼ鱦Ȼ˫ĿһУ˿һƯյı
˽ҵȱƿõЩ鱦Ҳһˡһ󺺹һЦ˵
鱦ɲ˭еģһ֮˺ٻ鱦ôһҲǲ֪εŻȡġ
ݶˣƿ˽ƣûаգҪõʱ䣿պտ˿۵ʿ˵˵һ䡣
ԣݶһ˴Եã˫Ŀһյ˼
дƿ߳ɵİգֻҪȫƿʱҪʮҡݶɫһ˵
Ϲüͷһ壬ڵȻҪ㳤ʱ䣿ǲҵǿƳˡ
Ǻǣƶ۲󣬾ǵһķǿ޲֮Чһ
һƿлһᱻ¸뿪Ҹ󷨿ʼ޲ָܿӦǶڵӵһЩֶΡݶЦ˵
Ŷմ˵޷ȫȡϹЩɻ˵
ݶ˽ӵҲˣƶмƽֻ֮ҪϣǿԽȫƿģȻǲţȫȳǿԡ
˵سպ֮⣬ϹЩ΢ߵһʵҲΪǿ֮ˣųһīɫ·һնȥ
н鱦Ҷɲ˫ĿһУû뵽˾Ȼ֮պҲɫһ
ϹȷмʵƾһˣǽնһĻڣһֻ̣ƹֽâһǽһ漴ǻ
˿̣Ҷɵ˫Ŀȴǽһ鱦ڵõҽԼǼӦùָԲʵˣᵽ֣Ҷа뵽
ݶԲƳȷףǴɡϹ𳤽΢΢һЦ˵
ԣݶ˵˵ͷһ˦һС켤ˣ˫۾ڶǡʱҶɵԺ֮УȻС


280 
պݶ˲Ųú˼󷨣ҪԽƽ漴ѡʮʿԴһ׼򵥵Ĳٿ֮
ݶ̧˦һ̣߸ߵ˽ɫ֮ϣ漴Сһӡ
ˣ΢΢һǵСʮʿСŰһףԴһ漴ע뵽С֮ڡ
৵һ£ʮС֮ϼ漴۵˰֮ϣ޴΢΢һ𣬱ǳһ͵İɫ
ţɫȻͬĴ͸˽ɫƹ֣˹֮ڣһ㵭ɫֻ
ȻǴڲ󣬹ȻЩֶΡϹ״ɵ̾һ
Ҷɿãаͷ˷ȥܷɹҲҪݶˣԼڳвü󷨡
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պɫⰵ˼ӡ
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Ҷ°âպһҲǱźɫһץȥ״Ҷɼæһȭϼ˸ᦳȥ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳˬ˺ɫᦣ漴һԵһѳץȥ
ವһҶɵץ˺ɫᦣ΢΢һȥ֮ʱȴִڿտҲֻһӰգϽ¶֮ɫ
ٺ٣ͦ죡ҶҲûʲôʧ֮ɫϾԼȱ鱦
ˣȻҶõ˱ǸóˣϾʱ䲻ġʱغЩżӣ˷ԣպոں˵ص鱦
ԣĵ˵ͷպԶȥ
벻ıǵõˡһЩ˷ܵ˵
մ˵󷨵¿һģǰ֮ݶ˲һ䡣
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ºǰɶݵպһ٣״ҲͣպɵУȴ¶ɻ֮ɫ
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һʶţ鿴ãҲûзʲôѨҶҲЩɻӣȻǺ޷֡
յѣҵһ·ͨϷЩɻѵõϢ׼Ϲ˿պգһ䡣
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Ŷݶѿкη֣ϷȷһҲûиоκ쳣ҲûиоƲġϹ˵˵һ䡣
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ݶˣϷڶмӣˣҵֻܰһˡպ΢΢һЦ˵
ݶߣڵյѹˣ˴޽ƣҵȻǸϿȥɡ˵껰俴˿ɽһ޴ɽڡ
ãϷǰ濪·Ϣ飬ڴ˴ģٺ١պ˵꣬һû˶ڣ״½ĸȥʱҶĵٴֹĸо


281 
һ޴¶Ѩڣܹ߻ΧЩģ壬ҲѨжֻϡϣһ״ĺӰ
ʱʮӰԸ߿һ£صһ˵棬һһ˦ˢһʮţ۴Сҹ鼤ԭ谵Ŀռ䣬Щ
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Щʯʵм䣬Χ£һƬСʯʻܣڷһЩϣ֮࣬һֻֻƿڷС
Ȼûôܣպղ鿴ãȻɻ˵һ䡣
ƺûպյһȫעĶʯϵĸֱ͵ģȻǵͽ鱦߽鱦
ЩǸӹأ˫ĿŹ⣬һԾԾԣ޲ϳᱦϾ֮ǰ˵˷˭͹˭⡣
յѣǰϣȻûһϷûǲŪˣزϢϹüͷһ˵
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ҪǣӦһɫ·ŶԣЩ֮Уǿ麮ɫڸûʲôɫģ֡
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ΪҪպѡֻԶԶվʯʵ̱Եûпʯܣպյ˫֣վʯʵ̱ԵʯЩĬ
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˵һռһ΢΢һϹϼ˸ͣһֻֻ֫չ漴Ծϰգһȥ
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ֱ˿̣Ҷɾ޷ǰƶ֣˰֮ԶҲ۵ͷԽԽ󣬾ʯԽԽԶ
ҶɻӶնɱޣʵǺڷҶĲɫֻЩء
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ʱҶĵһΣյĸоһˮͰϸĹ·Ҷɺ


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ҶԭΧû̫޹Χ˵Щ˳ĳ˳漴
ҶԶϿ֮ʱޱ㲻ᣬͷȥˣһҽнر֮ڶ
պ󣬴˵زǻָƽųģҲʣʮ߰˶ѣ֮˴λ֮ࡣ
Щ˲Ƕõ˺ôЩǱһĹ˳ûгȥ
λﻹ㰲ȫϢգϳأʱЩġպЩǱĳ˵һ䡣
ԣȻû⿴ƶ̶̵ļ죬˵û̫ƣʵСΨҶһЩԭû̫ƴ
ϧˣӻûȥͱǸ˳һ괹ͷɥ˵
ѣбȥһ˵ﶼˡһЦ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ꼤Ĵ˸ֵؿ˿ԶĻޣҡҡͷ
ǺǣƵѣãڲУûһİգ¿ɲȥˡ˵꣬ǲĴϢ
ݶˣȻܽг֮˽˽֮ٿأ޷취ƵЩ𣿡ʱպʳһ˹ĵ⡣
Ǻǣһ޷Ƶˣ˵ǾԣҳڣһһϦ֮£ʱ䣬Ҳ޷о͸ġݶҡͷЦ
ԣʧĵ˵ͷǲ
պ˻ָ߰˰ˣʱޣպձкһŶѨ֮ȥ
պ˱˳ڣ˺ͷ˿Ѩɵһ꣬һ·ͨ裬ֻΪ˼˼
˵㲻Ϊɢ޾ۼ̽գĴȫȻˣ伸ʵɾΪʱҪ׼
ģǳˣһûеõǻǰѵ꣬ЩƵڣϾҪ뿪˵أɵһ漴һವһ˳ȥ
״εҡҡͷ½ķɳ˶Ѩ֮⣬󺺸ոշɳ֮ʱɽ΢΢һںĶھȻʧ
ףǣ״˲ɵɻ
ҵ˱˴Զڣ˽ɣϹ˿ɽ壬˼˵һ䡣
ٺ٣Ҳãǰѱõòˣץȥɣߣһ˵˵һ䡣
ôǰȫãкα仯Ҳûϵˣ˵ûеõ󺺻һ٣ȻüͷһɨһȺ
ףôˣɻ˵һ䡣
ԣ˵һҲôͲӰģϹüͷһ壬һص˵
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ʱܵһ죬ƺҪһ㣬һֻֻ״Գʯ˫ĿɺĹޣȻڵһܶ
ĿȥѹѹһƬǧֻ֮࣬˰ΧΪ־ǣÿһֻ޵ʵ֮ϣȥײеӡ
һҽУվȺԵȻֻʯʰƣ˫һקವһ˵
أһ죬һߵΣһֻһȭıҽжδ״¶֮ɫ
Ŀڶ࣬ΧĻ¶ûСʯʯԳޣպɫ˵֣¶֮ɫ


283 ɱ
ã˵ʯԳ޸ͬ߼̬ܰҵȿӣһ˵꣬һĳȥΧȦ㱻һֻӭֵʯԳһȭͷ­һӳǱʯԳ˫ĿųһĨâɢ
ţܳǧϰֻʯԳ΢΢ΧȦԽԽСܻмǧֻʯԳ޳岻Χ죬һײеȭء
壡պһߺȣ漴ųһƣǰ䵶鱦ĳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺ˶ѹԴж·һ˵Ļ糢ԳΧҲȵǿ
ৡ
ʮݹɢȥʯԳ޷ɢΪʮСͰΧȦ๥һһҽУԼһֻֻʯԳ޹ֺ
ʱҶҲʲôɲСĽܻĵطƴȫ˭Ҳұ֤Լӵóȥ
䱳һʰ㾧Ө᲻֪ʱ֣ÿȶ֮䣬ɫ쭷磬ץڤɻ꽣轣һƴӡ
ֻ˿ҶȴûзųСʯԳ̫࣬ʱὫ˳ɢСԼܶ׷ԼųﲻæһѷʻһЩ
ҶɽնǰֻʯԳޣҶɱ΢΢һһҶɵӰʧǳԶ
ƺǷҶɵѲһֻν׳ʯԳޣһĳҶǰʵڡ
ʯԳ˫ȭһգƺҶгҶһȥ˵飬ٴγϼֻʯԳޡ
״Ҷ˫Ŀһ˫սǰһնȥصһնʯһļӲջնʯԳһֱֻۣɫѪ
ʯԳʵ׺쳣˶ϱ֮ˣ粻ļȭҶźȥ
ʶʯԳǵǿҶɿǲӲӣؽӳ꣬ʥħ壬ƻһƴֻ֮ϧ˷ûеõ
Ҷ룬Ҷ඼ʯԳޣۿ޷һ֮£ɫһպõǰʯԳһȭ
صһ졣
ʯԳһ𣬺С벽
âһεҶ׼֮¿ס˿סΣضɾˡ
ˣҶɵҲǵŵŵź˼漴ѸܣնһֻʯԳޱˣ΢΢һವһһԼȥ
ʱҲҲǷܹӵóȥҶȴӵ˰ΧȦԵ
һҽС
ҶԱɨһֻۣһŻɫ۵ӰǰһƱʯԳ޺ıѶαǹɾĵɶ
סΣһֻʯԳ˫ĿâһħצŻɫӰǰһץȥۿ޷ܣ֮ʣ۵ʿɫһ
ţɫϼţһɹɿֲϢͷŶҲűҪԱͬھȻǱƵ˾·
ݶˣҶ˫ĿһУת֮¶˼֮ɫԥۿųȥˡ
ҶԪӤɫϼһһ̣ĺȻһѰĽιУ˸Žɫϼ漴һ˦
ݡ
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ţֻ˱һʰ㾧Ө΢΢һ˵Ӱһֲּٶȼ
Ҷѣɶ֮Уݶ˸оҶɳȣɵøм֣ͬʱԴһ˿ȣ˿ʱ˾Ȼϳˡ
Ҷûд𻰣ֻѰŷ϶ŰΧȦ֮ȥ
ʱ򣬶ǰٴγһֻͽ˶ʯԳޣ䷢𹥻Ҷһӣ۵һһɫصĺʯԳ֮ϣصʮಽֱ֮࣬ҲǱѶ
ˣܹС໹ܷһΣʱҶԺ֮УС
Ҷû˵Ȼץݶ˵ֱۣŰΧȦ֮һ˦ವһݶ˵ڰջһߣ漴ǳ˰ΧȦ֮⣬ϾͱֻʯԳΧ
״ҶЩ֮ɫԼ˿Ķ٣Կ֪ټ֮£û뵽ֻǽݶ˦Χ
ʱ룬ҶϾҪΧȦʮֻʯԳ޷ӵηҶһҶİΧ
״Ҷ˫ĿһӶһնʯԳ޲δ˵ǰʯԳеĵ䣬еشسһ
նɱʯԳޣҪȥĿڶ࣬Լնɱ꣬Ҷа뵽
С࣬ǰǳȥҶɻ䣬ŰΧȦһӣ۵һһִİɫǰʯԳ޵༸ֻһĵĺ˺ü
һιȻܲСΧȦһ±ǳһƬһ˳ĻڣԵֻʯԳȴǺѸٽڶϡ
ʯԳԽԽ࣬ҶɿֻʵʯԳޣ죬ɺ˫ĿԼ
Ǳס¾ͺӵóȥˡ
״Ҷгһɨݵı˼ֻʯԳ֮һѰĽɫУһɨ
أһֽзҶɸʯԳ޷ˣҶɾȫ߶ն˿̣Ҳںĸ֮
Ҷɿһͺȡ飬ȫҴ߶ڤ
䣬Ҷڷһת¶֮ɫȵķ˳ֱۣźڽעȥţֳֺڽŰΧȦΧһնȥ


284 
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һɫƥڽ⼤ǰʯԳһƶȥʯԳֻճһ˿صһҽжδ
أ֮
ҶǰȻγһյشʯԳʧֻʣµʬ壬Ǻɫƥֱӳ˰ΧȦصһû˵棬ըһľ޿ӡ
һҽд
ݶ˵ֵסʯԳ޹æһﻤǰʯԳһƽɣݶ˿ѪεպóҶǰյش
״ɫ԰׵Ҷ˫ĿһУӨ΢΢һȣ˵һɫ쭷Ҷɵδǰյأݶһץȥ˲ʧʯԳްΧȦ
һӳʯԳ޵İΧȦЩ޾Ͳڿ£һûԶ빥ֻͨǿΧˣҲͨͨ
ˣҶץɫ԰ףһϢ޵ݶˣɶҲЩΪǰΣ֮¶ڤɻ꽣ȻȡԼ֮ķ
Ҷһɣӳ֣ѱʯԳ׷ϣ뵽Ҷ¶֮ɫ
ڽһ䣬ವһһֻɫƿУƿ֮ҶɱǴæ˼ŵҩɫָһ˿Ѫɫǿﵽɷ
漴һߣĿâ쭷һҶɵವһΪһߵļߡ
һЩʯԳ޼ʵ׷ϣǷҶɣ˫ĿâһȺȥ
պҶ·һƬ֣ɫ԰׵Ĵ߶ݹ⣬һٴ½ǰ̷ĵҩϾֻʱ˲佫ָġ
ֵҩ붼к֢һҩЧȥָٴֱ˿̣Ҷɵķɶѡ
Ҷȴǲͣ˿Ҳָȷʵ׷úٿСĺڽҶݶħѪسڷȥ˲лϢһ
պҶɵҩЧɸոѹȥһЩﵽңݶˣǵһС磬ֻڵΪ
һ·֮һֱû˵ҶҲûпڣĬĬֱϢָֻݶ˲ʱ˫ۣЩɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
Уʱ֮ɫżһ˿ٺϲãȴһ˼ӣ˫Ŀ΢еĵ˵ͷ
ҶںڽϱĿݶ˻͵ϮƱԼأСʱ̷ţԼı϶֣ǶԷҪ

߰պħѪڸҴʿһƽ֮ϣüͷ΢Ŀڴ
ʱһ߿˿ңڵֻʣ˰£žͻڵģǡԱϣ¶һ֮ɫ
Ƭ̣ɫһԥڣӦòʲôµģ˳ԲΪӦûʲôΣյġ
Ҫżǵȵ˵˵õʲôԵǽǴƽʱˡ
˵껰е֮ɫŨȻԼЩԼ˵Ļ༸ԣֻĬĬĵ˵ͷ
˼Ƭ̣ұ˫Ŀһգ
Ȼһƿ֮ţһɫ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһСĺɫӰϡ
Ҷݶˣ
ڽδֱͣԽҵˣɳ˰Ԫ֮󣬲Žһٵ˰ա
״ҵ΢΢һ㶣
ҶѣݶˣףȻأпɻ˳һ߶Ŷ˵һ߻ͷŽصڴ
৵һ£ҵ˵ܹϼһ棬УԳһС죬֮һĳԶȥûݶ˵֮ڡ
ݶ˽ԭúõ󷨳ߣоâһ漴üͷһʵݶˣǺ⣿ѵ˳飿
ԣݶ˳յѣҲұ֤мܳʯԳΧҶǿӳ
ºû˳Ҳ˵أʱûܳˣˣǣ
ǣҶ˵һ䣬ǿƺڽԶȥ
㣡ҿԶݵĶˣ¶΢ŭ֮ɫͷ˿ڴεҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ضȲͣպһƿ֮״ҼæתŽڿȥ漴ϲɫһ
棿Ҿ˵϶µģٺ١Ҹ˵˵
Ӱպգ
Ȼ˵ȴ𾪲ѣպԲΪһϢʣ޼Ǳɫ԰ףǹŵѪȥƼء
ٳ룬ߣкһҵˣպַ̧ųһֻɫۣһĳ˼װ֮ϡ
״ҿڵˣû˵꣬Ǳպմϡ
ûܳģ˷Ǽ챦ҶЩպЩϧ˵
Ҽһ˼װ֮ϣüͷ΢ĵ棬ǰҶݶ˳
ʲôԣպɫһЩ֮⡣

ԥϼɽ˴һƬɽһʿͻƿѡ˵أһ˵ƽʱ˳֡
һɽ֮£һʱܲƣһɫӰһ֮ϣɮ붨һ
ˣһǰ˵صҶɣ䲢ûлص÷ǣϾ˶ӣ˲ȫԲ˴˵ػָơ
Ҷѣ֪ƻָˣ¿ɷȥʱһˬʵҶɵĶС


285 Ե봫
ŶݶҶЦ˵
ڹϼһݶ˵ӰֶҲûпʲôһţϥ
ǰһħѪأҶûд÷ǣݶ˵ȥϼɽȽϰ
һ֮ǰϼɽԿʱ
˶ʱҶҲѻָƣݶҲƺתûг׻ָΪȻͣڣһϢۺŻָҲò˶೤ʱ䡣
Ҷѣ֮ǰһֱûüлҲѳ֣ħѪأԺҶҪĵطƶһݶɫһ֣ص˵
Ǻǣݶѿˣֻ˳ֶѣҶ˵һ䡣
ԣݶ΢΢һЦڵƶΪֱӣҲӣܵѳںĿľƶ˶ƶǡ
Ҷֻ΢΢һЦ˰֣ݶˣȷǴ˽ģҪΪԼڳвü󷨡
ĻҶǵʱȻ£ǰΣҶӢۣҲûǸʵǾݶˣҲֻǿ˳ַѡ
ݶ˵ĻȻҲҶɵ⣬ȴ˰£Ȼ˷ѿࡣ
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ԣҶЩȻ֮ɫû뵽һ־״⵹Ҷɲں˵Щʲô
лݶκαﶼصģҶĳպҪһЩ󷨵ġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ŶҶҪ󷨣ݶʵ
һ˵һЩƣݶַȣǲ࣬ԡҶɺȻһ١
Ƭ̣ݶЦҶѣɷƶʶһ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ𣬵һ䣬һڹ⼤صһ΢΢һһڣĴ˶ǰ
ʲô⣡ݶ΢΢һʲôһ
ҶѣһһЩСլԺˣ˵˾£˵ã˵гȱģƶǿ۽硣
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Ȼ£벻˽졣ݶ˾̾ڽĴ̾ƣֱһӦȫ
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лǱݶˣҶһЦ˵һ䡣
Ҳ֪˭óƣ˾ڴ˴Сһӡ
ٺ٣֣ˣҶҲϲоһպһƣݶ˺Ȼһ䡣
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ݶ˿ڲ̫ӰΪ£һо˾磬Ȼţ󷨸ҵδţףҶĳ
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ҶѣƶˣҼҲûдģԵѵʵƶӳ˽أҲֲҶѶᱦġ
ȻˣƶҲҶѣΪƶʵ˶󷨽ƣݶ˺Ȼ˵һ䡣
ԣҶ΢΢һ㶣ڵѵ˼ǣ˵꣬Ҷһɻ֮ɫ
ٺ٣ƶܣ¾ԲҪʵЩ󷨽ƣƵԼݶ˸Ҷɽ⵽һδء
˵ݶ˵ᰮ󷨣һһֱͨͨҲӰһЩΪϵ
һ׷һ֮УֵǽƵرգҴӴʧȥݶ˵䣬˼һ
ǽƵУݶеõһ²УҲ֪˭ģֻдƷǱһЩϣߣԼһöϹŽƣԼһЩһϰĵõ
Ľƣкܶݶ˶û˵ҲδܼǿĽ󷨣ռסӤϹҲ׾١
ֻϧǵȽԵõݶĴѰһЩϡȱϣֻΪƼǿ󷨡
֮βμռҵжռóݶϣݶ˾Բ¡
ĵãݶ˶һ裬νǽڽڸﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣҲ˳ƿǴ˳
ص÷Ǻ䵫Ļϱﱻ˿ӣԲ˵Լ󷨣ü״Ĵǰ׵֮Խնɱˡ
Ӵˣݶ÷ҲһЩΪµ͵˲̫עݶˡ
һٷĹݶ˲ŽĴŸҶɽһ飬ֱҶɰզ࣬ԵȻǿ˵ͻ˭Ϸ
ܻĬĬС˵Եҡһ䣬ͱ죬ԼݶЩʵ̬Ĵڡ
ٺ٣ҶѣҪöʱݶЦе˵һ䡣


286 ϹŽ
ԣҶһݶ˾Ȼ𴫳Ĺس̶ȣɲǰǼײ߿Աġ
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Ҷ֣صȻݶ˵ˣҶĳͲƴˣл֮ǰȣݶҲϡ
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ѣȻֻǸƷƶ֤Ķһ㲻٣Ҳ˿ûиĶġݶ˵˵һ䡣
ҶĳŵùѣǺǣ˵꣬ҶɽСȴ˷ܲѣһöϹ󷨽ƵһЩĵþ飬ļֵʯġ
Ҷѣ˴˱ƶҲҪˣպ£ôŷ֪ͨƶá˵꣬һ漴һ
бյҶʵݶѲһȥ
ǺǣƶȱֲϣȥطȲ÷ˣȥǳؿǻҲǾ뿪ԥݣɢ޵ģݶȻһЦ˵
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Ҫǣ˶ʱݶ˳֣ĽƲһݶ˵˵Щ̫⣬ϾЩϲȫҲֻܾһ
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ݶ˵˵Բ֣ҲǿԶʱƿģȻֻ˵ƽݶĸ֣ò˶ñƳ
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ǣлˣڳ΢΢һ𣬺ϯһɺ漴ǽֻᦰһǿ֮
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˷ʯԳǿ壬ҲҶɶʥħڴУǵʱܹʩչǴ࣬Ҳðնڤɻ꽣ġ
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ҶҲоڵޱȼѣƿЩͻƣڲڣǵԺ󣬿¼һС磬Խġ
ֲڲģԲټˡҶ̾Ϣһ
ǣˣֻ̫ˣ黹һסʱ齫ֻϣ໹ֽе
ԣҶɿ˿ֻԣͻͻĻᦣ¶һȻ֮ɫʹԼѣǺεȴڣľ綼ԿԽģֲԲڵʵǿ֮ƺȫһϵļ
ʱ䣬ڰңһЩϰ֮ţ˱һЩġҶɵ˵һ䡣
ԣһϲڵлˣԺ顭û˵꣬㱻ҶһĽ˺ڽ֮У漴ڽ

˸º÷ǴϣһɫӰֶĴԵ̣ջȥ
ˣҶɣ
ߵջſڣҶüͷһ壬һת¹һתǣʱ󣬱ǳԪס
Ҷѣ벻Ԫĳջ꣬ͼˣ룡ҶɺԪˬʵЦ
ԣҶҲ΢΢һЦ˾ңԪڴͷҶһ
Ҷѣ˷ջСɣٺ٣Ԫ˵һ䡣
ЩˣԪ˸ˣ˷ӦõõҪ֮ˡҶ̾Ϣһ漴ϲ
ԪĳҪһֲѰˣҲһչһʱ䡣ųԲ֮ԪЩڴӡ
ԣҶһֵǿҪϲԪˣǵ˳ҶĳҲմģǺǡ
ˣҶѿ֪ʯԪȻһ䡣
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷﵹûϢԺҶĳ԰һ¡
лˣҶѣδȺȼ˵˵껰Ԫһȡֻյһɫ«
ǰС
Ԫѣ˵񣿡±յҶһ䡣
ԣԪüͷһ壬ҡͷԪĳδ˵ԺʲôϢȻ֪ͨѵģǺֲϣ
ŶûʲôֻһƱĸϰˣҶĻشһ䣬ǲԪʥħ漰йɵĴڣҶҲ˵
ŶԪӦһ漴ƺʲôˣ˶ʱ䣬÷Щ㣬ԪĳѯҶѵ䡣
ŶǷãҶһѵǷ֮Ϣ˻౦䣿
Ԫüͷһ壬صǷңǡȻҶԣȻ˫ĿһС


287 Ʒ
ջ֮ڣҶϥڴͷ°ͣһ˼֮ɫ
Ԫ˵һЩ飬˵ȻѰԼ˲ȻһԼ鷳
ֻȻϾЩɽܳӣ⽫նɱ»ǻҪ鷳ԥݶ޷ȥ
ǻɱˣǵ÷Ƕ֣ǽ伤ŭ÷ǿ¶ǻᱻ˷֣ϾۿȻȥ׷ԼĻ϶Ѳ˸ϵ
˼ãҶҲû̫õİ취漴˫Ŀһյļ

磬һϷڶɽڣ붫սɹŽ㴦һƬ룬Ϊ룡
˴Ⱥɽ룬ն˵˵ϡղӰһЩͽȴżʡ
˵صȴǱȶ߳࣬һЩɽִţҲǱȴ˵ѷɫ֡
ڵ뷶ΧڣһΪ֪ϿȣΪƷȡ֣Լ俴̵ֲ׳ɫ޻䡣
ֵǣڴ˵Ҳٳ֣һֻͨҰ޶Ǻѷ֡
һֻֻĴָСĻƷ䣬ȴɵķڻ֮Уٶޱȣֱͬ˲һ㣬ڻ²ӰӰһ껨ϣٴγִֻƷӰ
ʱһֻžۺڵͽΪɽȻԶ˹Ͽקȥ·ֻƷ丽֮ʱܳǹĵȥҲκ˿ڡ
߽ʿڴˣ𾪴˻ƷĿֲ֮
ΪǻƷǰȻڻ΢΢һһԷֵٶȣ䵽˱ܵɽ֮ϣ漴µĻصϼ
ֻǿǻƷ侹Ȼͬδһ㣬ٶȿƿֲ
Ʒȵײʲô޳Ⱥĵط෴Ũܱ紺һСϪʶ
СϪԱߣһªéݣһűɫȹȵٻӰСϪԡ
䵥Ϫˮֻƽ죬ֻĴָСĿֲƷ䣬ȻϷشֲͣ˿û˺Ů˼
ɽˮ㣬ȻٻŮϷһ˼Դ
Ѿͷôʱ򣬲һЩг˴˵صȥһżԼŨŨΡ
ߣʦձ˼ҶԲˣҲϢ졣ȹŮͷҲص˵һ䣬дһ˿Թ֮⣬ȴ㶯ˡ
кιʣҲҪ׻Ӥɿ˵˵һ䡣
ԣŮȻûлһֻƷߣ漴Ļ˼ϪˮЩ˵˵ʦˣ
ߣǸ߹𣿲׻ӤﶼߣĻҾͽļ˶ɱˣһŨŨɷŮһ
ŮıӰԵЩį˲֮⣬ûпȻжϳһɫŮӡ
ΪֵǣŮϣɢһ㣡

ԥݣ÷Ƿң
Ҷһľ֮ϣɫЩصӣҲü΢壬Щǵӡ
λôüǺǣҶĳҪĶûϢҲʧɣҶƷһ裬һЦ˵ȴ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ԣ̾ϢһڵҶѣʵ˶ʱȻһֱڴ䣬ҷҰй۲죬ȻӦҪ㲻
ǺǣûʲôҶĳѴﵽڶ꣬պҪϼɽչһ׼ƿġ
ʱһɹȻٻЩɵģҲˡ˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ϼɽȷǸõطٺ٣ǵ˳ףȻٺòֻǡһ٣û˵ȥڵڣǴԲѿԽҲ֪Ҷġ
Ҷѵʵ˷Ȼܹ˳׵ģȴĿתЦĿ˿Ҷɡ
лӿ佱ҲǳһˣҶ˵һ䡣
ô˵鷳ģܰæĵطһ֡ɫһ˵
Ǳǰллλˣˣ֮ǰҶĳ÷Ѵ֮䣿Ҷһ
Ҷѣ֮ƽʱģ˵һ㣬ҲֻǿһЩ֮ЩЧȴǺٳ֡
񣬵һϢûУһ˸û˵ҶѷģöȻѰҴġ
֮ĿǰһüĿϢȷ֪֮ͨҶѡЦЦȻЩĵӡ
Ҷԣһ֮ǰħѪصõһ񣬿νǾԵľϲֵԲ֮£Ѽ飬ƾͿȥһξˡ
Ǻãѣӣ¾ͷλˣżչأȸˡҶ˹֣˿䣬Ҷɱ뿪˷ҡ
صջҶɿæµ࣬һһ
ǰкηԸһҶɣ¶ϲɫ˹
Ҷɴ˺߼ۣ¶֮ɫڵ˶ʱΪչٺ٣Ҫϼɽƿʱڿ޷صģķ⣬ԼһЩõϵĵҩɣ
˵껰Ҷɽһֻ¶м֮ɫͷлѡ
ţˣȥæɣҶ˵껰ǻص˷УĿ

ڶգң
žһ졣
һŻ£ĸݵһ棬΢еĿŷãߣ˵
ԣɫһ䣬ڵȻѣȰ㻹ǲҪ鷳ΪٴγֵʱΪȫԽ㣡
ʲô˵ڱչأʲôطԣȻɫһһ䡣
Ǻǣ²ѣȻѲسԾ΢΢һЦ˵
Ƭ̣ȻһЦ⵹Ǹնɱ˵ĺûᣬٺ١
Ŷϧѿ޷ҵġȻ˵ȴЩԼ졣
ԣȻҲкȻ˦ߣ
û࿴һۣ漴΢΢˵ͷܰϵģǾɣ̾Ϣ

ʱջڣȻҶɾſڴЩսսվһԡ
˵סˣȥ˺δȻ˵һ䡣
к£ȴû˵Ҷɵ䣬͵һȻ
ٺ٣ҿǲʵҲգҾѻ꿴˵껰Ȼ̧һץȥ
أһ죬εɶȴûʲôˣԭأǳ˷Ӱ״Ȼжһͣ
Ȼҳĳ£ҿǲˡȻ˵漴һߺȣţ߽ףȻ
Ȼ˿վǰķһ۷򣬽շţ
ɫһ䣬ãоΣձ߽װΧ漴һ󺺽Ȼԡ
״Ȼһ죬޵ֿıץ˹ȥ漴˫ĿһȻȻѻꡣ
ٺ٣ϼɽȻһЦ˵һ䡣


288 ֮
ԥݱԵһƬϿգӰƺ˵ʲô
ʦ֣ҵȻǲҪŹȥȸ£˽׹ؼʱڳ֣ʦһ˾ͿԽնɱġʱһڵķ˵
ԣһĸݵĻ΢΢һЦҡͷߣΪǰףʧܲǰԵ۲졣
նɱףһֻ߼ܣʵǾ߿֮ϣңһޣʵҲǴﵽ˽ڸ߽ס
赣ģպֵֻǣʣһˣǴڽ׹ؼʱ̣ٺ٣ԼȷӦˡ
ΪԷһŽʦܽģʦΪ൱֣ϸԵĿܣ൱ˣٺ٣Ҫ
ʦ֣ʦֵֶģʣһ˶ѣҴſԽնɱʦַıá꿪Ц
ԣȻ˵ͷЦߣһ߹ſܣӦѧٶһҪŪ֣Ҵ֮ǰҵĺ£Ҳע˴˵³
ʦֲżǻὫͷȡµġʱһֱĬû˵ӣĮ˵һ䡣
ˣ˵ؾϼɽһξ룬ǰߣʱʹȥһʧܣҵϳ֡Ȼһ䣬˱Ƕݹһǰȥ

磬죬Ҫ˵Ҷѱչ֮¡ңЩ˵Ŀŷֵ˵
̾ϢһڵֻҶϽˣ˭뵽˼ϸ壬վȻҵǻơ
ô죿ö˱ס޷֪ͨҶѣȻȻǰȥȻԼһ˵ģҶѽ׹ؼ֮ʣᡭ˵˴ɫһǲ˵ȥ
˼Ƭ̣ο취ãҲȫִ磬û˵ȻԸ񣬿ҲȥǻƵģ
ԣ˵ЩʲôŭŬ죬ûпڣ

ϼɽһƬΪտĵطмһͰɽ壬ɽһªĶУһɫӰϥһɷƹ֡
ֱԵһһ˶ߣɢ⣬ֳɫǹĿܣһվš
һˣһֻСɫߣЩʸ˵棬ʱĴһԶ¶֮ɫ
мİɫӰҶɣ
˿̣Ŀϥۣͷγ˵УŰɫϼȥЩصӡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶҲĿڵС࣬ÿһʱ䣬Ѳһ׹ؼʱܱ˴ţǰġ
Ūûܵش֮˵꣬Ҷ֮ɫ
ǣˣСһκ˽ӽģͷİɣϣԪϼһǴڳɽΧɽѲ˼Ȧ
ܺ쳣ջص˶Եʸ˵棡
˵ҲԽŨɽ֮ϣԪ֮⣬Ȼڳƿ

ϼɽΧЩģģӰĳɽ֮ڣȥЩӡ
ȻˣֻǶӰģģϢҲʣ޼һ˺ѷ֡
Ȼʦ֣ˣϼɽ̫ˣһˣûһأǲҵġЩɥ˵
ߣʲôҪǲ̫˵ˣһ׹ؼʱ̣ϼɽҵҲͲˡʿ˵һ䡣
ԣȻ΢΢һЦڵٺ٣ʦԲһѵģż
˵֮ʣȻƺоʲô˫ĿһĿԶƺ͸ɽԶһ㡣
Ƭ̺ϲɫһٺ٣˿ʼƿˣǸλѾ󣡡
ʱʿƺҲоһЩֻзΪͣƺûзʲô
ô죿ֱӶ֣˵
ԣȻһߣ˵Ƕ˳֣ûϣԷһǲһдȫһЩⱻ˳ȥ
Ȼʦּƻ꣬ٺ٣һЦ˵
Сĵ㣬ˣȹȥ˵˵껰ȻŶһʧɽ֮ڡ
ºһƬտĵشֻмһͰɽ壬ԪһңγһԪС
ڿտشԵһߴɽڣȻ˵Ӱֶ˵ȻȻɫһڵˣ
Աϣ˶ݹһʧ˴˵أ㵽˺Զһɽ֮ڣ˵ȴǸӦҶɵĴˣǿԸоյ
գǸߣ˵ҲСģȻѲӣһǵǲ̫ӽˡȻ͸ɽ壬˿ԶΧҶɽǻɫߣɵһ
ԣʿüͷһ壬ڵʦ֣һǸӦ˺ʱ׳ɹʧܵĹؼʱ̣
Ƭ̣Ȼ˫ĿһУڵ޷˽ۿԶ󣬴ҲԷֱģһ˹ؼʱ̣ҵȱѸٳ֡
ٺ٣ֻΪʡѣĻȫʢʱڣĿԼޣҵֻǣסǶ˴ֻܣ˶ԸһҲκϣ
ߣټдԼԳ֣ԲҲǱɵġ˵꣬Ȼ¶һ˿Ц
ţ䵥һ䣬ˢһʮ˽ɫСУ漴ʿ
ȥ󷨲һɽ嶼Χ£Сĵ㣬ֻ֣˵꣬Ȼ˫ĿһС
Ӧһӹ죬뿪ɽ֮ڣԶɽɳͻ֣֪֮ҶܶĹȥ


289 ֮
һºʿһ߶ŲʱѲӵԪһ߽дҶɽܣصȻߡ
ǰ£ĻͲ׵ˣһʿЩŭ˵
޷ʱ֣żģȻ˵
һЦڵλʦ֣ʱöλ֣ҿʦν˻ɱ
ԣʿ˵ͷڷԸҶɣȻЩĵģϾƿʧܣأһ˼һ߿оųɰջɱԷ
ˡʿƺʲôڵǰӦŨǲ²ⲻĻӦÿ쵽ؼʱˡ
Ȼһͷڴ˴Ҳһоõġ
˼ĵĵȺºȻȻ˫ĿһУҲɫһһֻӡ
ҶɽϿգ޴Ԫ©ȻһɢţһҵԪϯȥԶȻˣȻӦ
֡Ȼ䣬һĶݳɽ֮⣬Ѹٵĸȥ
һԾɽ壬˱ǲΣȥ֮£ǳҶڵɽ¡
ʱȻǴһ㡣
أ챬Ѷһ޴Ļɫ֣ٶɴСεؽɽΧ
״һЦҪֵļƣʿһ⣬ͬҶɲӡ
ȻһҪ˵ЩʲôҶɵȴǵĴ˳
ȻѣҶĳѾȺʱˣٲ֣ҶĳҪ̲סˣٺ١һ䣬ҶɵӰɽһ˶档
ǸһɫߣԼһߵɫܡ
״ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻȷӦߣǲ£ʹթһѣ˼ľ߿ܣԼѵ޷ɱɣ
ԣȷʵˣΪʤǾԲܣΨһͿҶûлӳȥʲһɡ
Ƭ̺ʿüͷһ壬ڵôˣһҲûиճƿľ޴ģǻСһЩ
ߣҶɣſܣֻҵĺ£գ㣬ޣһҲӵȻɫһ˵ҶһϢȣȴһ˿ɻ
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䣬ҶѸٴʮɽָܵȥ
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üȣǼ촫ڽɫ֮⣬ֳһɫ֣ȻȻõĻɫ֮ڡ
˴˿̣ɫһ䣬ЩŵĿҶɡ
ʲô⣬ôܣ˵ǰ飬û˿Ʋģôǣѵ֪ҪȻ۽һ˵
ԣҶЦЦڵٺ٣Ϊ˵زֻǲؽƣǻеý󷨲ȫڱȻо
ô֪ҪҪ̰ˣӦǶѻ˰ɣãܶ˵©ġ
ʲôϷߣֲ÷ñʵԭ֪飬ô˵ǰҲǼٵˣȻ˵˵һ䣬ȴ˼ʲô
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ֲãѲӣֻǲҵ̫ⷢŪ٣ֻԶжʧܡȻһоҶɵĿ£ԼĻ֮
ҶȴɫһڵһԭǾǲǽ󷨲õ̫С⽫ҵ󷨸⣬һӲǵ󷨣Ҳֻһ;ˡ
ڸպ෴ҿʱҵ󷨣ǲµĴһ䣬ҶĳƽȥҲѡ
úúãȻԼɵһˣŭֻ˵֣ɫأ¶֮ɫ
״Ȼһȵʲô˶࣬ҪҲ֣Ȼһ䣬һ䣬ֱӷų߿ܡ
漴һһ⼤ȻΪһѺɫ飬ԭĴ㶯ֵȻȻֱӽֶ˳
Ȼ˵ɣʵ˾⡣
Ҳûţ˿Լ˶ͷ
˶ֻ֣Ҷһ¶һصЦݣ˫ְַ任ͣ漴ңңһ㡣
˵һܿռһţоʼŤֻǰһ漴һ
ʲôã󣿡һ˵ԼһƬϿգֲǣܲһӰҲ֪Ȼںδ
һƬϿգʿɫصĿܣдŽ֮ɫһɫһ߸߼ܡ
ʱһȻһС֣Ȼɵյĳ˺ҧȥ
״ɫһֱֳһֻһնȥ۵һ죬αѶΪһ׹ɢա
֮û֣ȻԲʵ⾿ǺεȻ󣿡ԽԽֳ˵˲ȴҲЩæ
ԵĿҲâһ˸ֵһֻֻ֡
ͬһĻȻҲţ˿һƬϿգʣһɫӰȻȥ
УռΪݣû˿ɫÿΪҶɵӰһ΢Ц˶棬ǸԪԼһ߽ɫܡ


290 
ɱǣɲŹġ۾һУɫĿҶɣԼĿܺԪ
ŶɱǣȿɻŹҶĳҶЦһ
ԣɫòڵģǣһ
û˵ֻ꣬Ҷһ֣ˢһԪɫܱǹ˹ȥֵزҶҲ÷ϻ
״һæƿֵܵסҶɵǾ߿ܣ漴һɫ޸Сս
Ҷ˫ֵɫȻؿһУ
أ߿ܸսӴһ𣬱Ƿһȭཻı죬һ𻨲ʱıѶ
һ󣬷ĿܱǱ˼˵ЩҶɵǾ߿ܣƺ޴󰭣Ͼǿ֮˿ûʹеĲһ
Ԫսӽ꣬βһɨҲѸ٣ݹһ𣬼æΣͷɫ޸βһն
۵һ
Сһɫһ±ǽ޸ɣâһ֮£ŷ꼤
С˿̽ڸ߽׵ʵԸڵķѹֱǲƣҲֻʣмֹ֮ĻᶼûС
һٷĹ򣬷ǶͷЩǱ
ءһ졣
βһ֮£˵棬һӵֶԪǺɣһŵ汬ȥ
ʱವһһâԵ¼Ԫȥٶȼ죬ܶЩ
״ҶɫһҪʹնһ̣ȴ
ֻԪâһһģ֮£ȻΪԪҿϢȻŽڸ߽׵ʵ
Ҷɾȵ˵Ԫʱ൱սһ֮ࡣ
ǵâȻЩɣջնʼ֮ϣһԪǰȻļȥ
صһ졣
ǵâҲ֪ǺһûԪǺȻһѶһƬɫϯԪǱıѶΪ˵âɢա
һֻԪҪӴ֮ʱɫһԶȥ
״ԪƺԤһ㣬һŤβһ֮£ǽס漴һ֮£صһѶ
ৣһŻɫŽ𵤣ԶȥӳԶǰǳһڳӿɫһĽС
һҽд

պһƬɽϿգһɫӰɫգ߿ܣĻɱſһӰ
ˣȻ
ʱ䣬Ȼ˺üֶ󣬵սʧܸգԼûѧϰһЩ֮
Ȼ֮ܵ׷ǱʵжǿڵһЩʦ֣Զмѡ
ΪȻԿһ裬ֱñ̬ݣһſɱȣһֵܵĸ߼ܣзţԼƲ߼ܡ
ȻԼ߸߼ܣԼƳģҪǣȻͬʱ߸߼һ𷢳
һΪмܻԿߣ߼ҲܿһߣΪƿܱҪǿ꣬ȻһһĶõ㹻ǿ
Բ߻ӤϹǵǿʶ֮ԼΪͬʱƶ߸߼ܣǸ𼸺ʹͨĿܡ
ҲΪˣԿɣȻȻΪ˽ܳص󣬶ȻҲȷʵʵһ˶֣߿ܾͿԽԷ׻ɱˡ
ڿ֮ϵ裬ƺû֮淢ӣ˴죬ȻҲЩ
һЩƻûĹ˵޷˺ԼҲǽԼסȻĲ²⣬˿̵λʦܣ׶༪ˡ
˵ڴ˴Ȼδ¶ʲô֮ɫֻЩüͷ壬ƺ˼ʲô
Ҳ֪˶ãȻ׼ȥطʱ򣬸ռ䲨һҶɵӰ׵ֶߺȻԪԼɫܡ
״Ȼ˫ĿһС
Ƚ˺ѿռķʽ֣һֻлӤϹֲʹãȻҶɲԼĻŲƿռ֮ˣʵû
ڳˣȻɫһ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵȻѾõˣ
ǿɻܽףȻһ䡣
ûҪҶɵͷشš
ȻһڵȻˣҲûʲô˵ˣ䣬ͷ΢΢һΣҶһնȥ
ˢһ֮ܽûĹʧҶ̧һ˦ವһſڽɫɽֵȥ
۵һȻðڻɫܿռ䵱ģſڷɽɣһûڡ
أһ֮ڲʱѿһŽɫ
ʱȻ߿һΣҶһȥ
ಣԪɫϼһӭ˹ȥ߶˵ľһ
˲ǵһζսԷֶζٶ˽һЩ࿴һۣȻЦһ
ߣ벻˷Ȼˣ㻹ǲҪ˵̫ˣ˵껰ȻһΣҶɱȥ
Ȼ˽Ҷɵ֮һ㣬սϾڴ˿̶סˣҶ˫ĿһУ°âһĵ
ͬʱһ˦ˢһƬϼϯȻΪ˾ſڽɫɽȻһնȥ
ʲôһ׸߽鱦״ǰȻȻһ٣ſһ֮£һ澧Өɫֶպûǰ
أһı֮֮ϱѿ𻨣ڻ֮Ȼâ


291 ʩֶ
ſڷɽƵֵסҶɻֻƺһâһҶɼȥ
ٶȼ죬˵ûпǺҶȴǲӲӣæһͬʱųһɫƻǰ
ǵâոյ䵽֮ϣصһѶΪһƬɫϼϯ˰գͷųһɹɿֲϢ
ϼһһֻͷǣ׳˶״ϬţСֶһɫƬȥ
һ֣һǿֻɫ֫ŵĽɫϼ
໺𣡡
һ춯ص󣬺ȻҶһȥܴһͳ֮
״Ҷ˫ĿһУϴȻȻҲûжȫ˵֪ǺεͨۼܲСҶɼæһ˦
ವһſڽɫɽڰһ󣬱Ŷǹһնȥڰջһɫߡ
һ̣Ҷȴ΢΢һ㶣ſڷɽȵն˶ǹ֮ϣȴͬðһ˿û˺
Ҷ֮ʣһɫӰһԼ俴һⰵķ漴ҶһȦ
û뵽Ȼ˿ֲǰŹ֮£ҶһȭһŤ
صһ졣
Ҷɵεɶֱ۴һ飬ѪڣȻȲȻǰǿᣬסΡ
ֻȻǰϼһڴһҶɳٶޱȣֻǹҲǳҶɽǰ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУȻʹúӶٵķ
âһһԾӨһһ֮£ɫ쭷ϯλΪһӰʧ
ʱǹſһ֮£һƬӯӯҶһȥҶɸոסΣֻܿռһжóٻ
ⲻҶ۽һ
ʱȻٴһһȭ֮£ǽҶɵκɣɫ԰ףȻܵһЩƣҲӳƬɫ
һϽɫϼһһĽιһ
û뵽ϱ࣬ȻƵҶĳʹնߣ˵껰Ҷһιм
״Ȼɫһ˹ϴδһ֮࣬ȴǲû̫ྪ֮ɫ
ߣϴȻҲ֣Ȼһз任ͣգۼ䣬ͷԪһ֮£һ׷ߵֶ
߸һ֣һ̧նһĳԪ֮л۶ȥ֮л۶ȥâƯѡ
˵һ
ܹһһֻɴСİɫڰ۶漴Žιһץȥ
¡¡һ촫
߸һӴ֮£бǱѿһž޴ĽɫֲϯȥǰɫҲһҵĻζбѶ
ݡ
ʣ²ĽɫУȻȥ״ͬԤһ㣬˫һΣܱǳǰǿٵ
أһ촫
նոն䵽֮ϱǱѶֲľһ±㽫ܺɣȻûӳ̫ԶǱǹɾû
Ƭ̺󣬹ϼһȻɫ԰׵һصĿҶɣ˵Ķƴ֮ǰҶɻˣڹ֮ҶɸʤһȻҲܵһЩơ
һֱս˴˿̣˵һأǺ޾ɫҲ֪к̡
ٺ٣⹦޷ʩչ˰ɣȻЦ˵һ䡣
ԣҶʼ磬ڵѵȻѣʩչʥ𣿡
Ǻǣ⵹ܣȴûʲôܹҹвˣ֪ѻʲôֶΣȻ˵˵һ䡣
ɫǹҲֹͣ˹˫Ŀ΢עҶɡ
Ҷɿһɫǹгּּɵ֮ɫ˹־Ȼ̿ռ䣬Լжڶս֮мֲ
˰ģͿͷصġ
ֲǣ˹ﾹȻ֮ͬ轣Ȼ޷˺ҲҶЩͷۣʱۼŹԼֲӲƴ
һΣâһ֮£һڳУսҶ°âһȻȥ
ߣһߣȻԶһ㡣
һ𣬰ɫҶһȥܴ֮
״Ҷ˫ĿһУʵһ˹﹥ʵм֣ԸȫʩչҶ˫ֳֽŶǹͷ­һն¡
৵һ£ҶֻԷһԼͬɫȻڶǹ֮һԼ˿ûС
Ȼֻ˵ĶҶСֹһ䡣
״Ȼüͷһ壬ڵߣȻлֵʶһ٣նǹȻתſһ֮£ɫϯգۼǽҶܿռ
Ҷֻܿռһжٴγٻ˫ȻȶŬ֮ɶݶȥ
ʱȻǰϼһʧһ̣Ҷֻñ󴫳һţһΣյĸо
һת֮£ȻȻһ̣Ҷɱһ͡
ҶɼæתгֶȻһնȥţ̧һ֮£ǰȻһɫơ
ৣȻһܿڤĹ漴һǽ̹˻֮ϣҶһŵŵŵ˺üסΣƴ֮Ҷȷʵ·磬ɫ֮С
Ȼٶȼһ֮£Ҷɻתǳߣг̳Ҷͷ­ȥ
ۼҶ޷ֵٶȻ㣬ȻһƺҶɲһĻһĻ
ʱƿ֮һǰ˦ĺڽȻз˻Ȼһնȥ
״Ȼɫһ䡣ʲô⣿оȣͣȻæ̵ǰ
أһ졣
ҶһȭȻɵԶסΣڳһתǳȻǰ
һŴĿϼѶǰȻһƣڽһɣͬȻԶԼȻдһƺߡ
˿̣ҶҲڳɫӨ˫һȣ৵һڳ漴ץС
ȻסΣҶ°âһ˫ֳֽμٱ˿̵Ȼɫһ䣬ٻرֵ֮
״ҶǺڽ߸߾𣬳ͷ­һնȥź鸨ȱʹñֵ˷ҲԽˣңҶһֻ֮Уſڽ轣ҲǽâԾԾԵӡ
ৣһƿ֮ڳȻԶľ룬Ҿſڷɽϯֹӳ֮£Ȼɫһ䣬Ҷһ
ʱȻԥ֮ɫһȻһһϼһȻǰΪһ߽ɫܣɢܣȻ˿ҶɵǾ߿ܲϷֺ
⣬߿ܣҶɼ״ɵһ˵


292 
ڤǽ轣ǱȻĿֵܵסһĻҶɲ˫Ŀһ
ܲǵڶܵˣһǽһԲĳϣѾˣ㽫Ჽĺ󳾡ȻȻɫһĿ˿Ҷɣ֮ǰ֮⡣
ԣҶһȻоȻʱƣ֮ǰһȫû֮ǰǲһһյС
ȡ֮һأдһ˿Լɢصǹɱơ
ǰ󷴲ⲻҶЩţΪ䱻˶һ㡣
ԭһֱαװԼһӲӣԴñ㡣Ҷо˴˵Ŀ¡
Ǻǣ˴˱˴ˣǲֻ࣬αװķʽͬˣֺγǴ͵£ڳһ̬
һĹϬޱȣ˷ʤնɱӣǺֶΡ
ǣȥ׷ʹõĶԼʹõǼ챦˵껰Ȼ˸ĿҶɱľӨᡣ
ԣ˫ĿһУصŶû뵽Ȼ·ˣ˵ע⵽Ҷĳˣ󣬿²ǰ򵥰ɣ
ȷҹȥ㣬Ҳֻ̽һȴǷ˹ſܣ⵹һջ
Դ֪Ǽ챦¾ͺܸȤһֱ취õϧ̫ߣʻûǸʵ׷㣬ԣֻ÷ˡȻ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶתԾ
ô˵߷ȫƺõģֻ¾ȥҶʵ
ȻҲͷֺγ˷ңĳֻһսˣԲдұԼΪ㲻÷֮ʱһԼ÷Ұ
һս˵ȫ˽սٻģĳŲݲݽ㣬Իһùˣĳһߵȴû˭ע
Ȼ˾㣬ԼңÿһҲĳԤ֮еġ˵꣬Ȼ΢΢һЦ
üͷ΢Ŀ˿ȻҶϲ¶ɻ֮ɫڵȻ˾ѵûзҶĳϼɽļƻ
Ȼ²⵽ˣ֮ΪҲҪļƻΪ֪ʵһ㣬÷նɱȻķֽš
ĳɲ뱻˷ʵԣҲ㽫ȥľ֮ĳ㣬㲻ǰϵֻĵƽľˡ
һĳƾͼƱãʡڳսĳҲʹǶܣҿûǸץ㡣
ڵƺ̫һˣ˭޷뿪˵أǣһڴˣٺ١˵꣬Ȼ˿ܱ˲µļش
ͬŵҲԤ֮УҶһ䡣
뷽һӶѣѾˣӴкã֮ǰ״̬ĳҲһöӣ֮ǰ͸¶ϢҲԼӡ
ڵǣĶս̳ɹ񣬾һˣȻЦݣɫһ˵
ת֮£ҶɸоȻĻʤ˼ǧһЩϼһ
¾ƾһ߿ܣ˴ĻҶĳҶü漴˿ֻɫܡ
ԣȻһЦڵǻɱĳԸ㣬ԥĳţµڲʮˡ
һУĳƾ߿ܾˣֻжԸԲʱĳŶ˵߽ܡ
߿ܣԼĳԼղǿԷɱҪǲ߿ܵһԱ֪ˡ
֪飬Ǳ֪кͽҶҲ֪ε˵һ䡣
ԣȻü΢΢һ漴ָڵ⣬뽣ϼһʵһȴһ仰㣬Ҳʱ·ˡ
䣬Ȼһߣâܿռ䵱֮Ҷһ漴һȭ
״ҶɿǲܶԺ䣬˫ֽպڽſͷ­һնȥſڽ轣ǳſֱۼ
ڤâһ֮£˵ҶûйעҲܴһ±ն˿ܵͷ­֮ϡ
һԻ˿ڣ˼
һ̣Ҷȴ˫Ŀһ˲¶֮ɫڽȻ˳ն˽ȥͷ­䣬ббһն
ָоնɫǹֵʱǹͬӰһ㣬˿ûеĴڣһ׶
ն߿ʱҶԵĸоʵĴڣͬնˮ棬˵ЩǱȽɡ
Ǿ߱һϵĿܣҲ类콣ˮ棬ŵƶ˿ճҺһ㣬ֻǽâһǿ
ſڽ轣Ҳ׽ֱ۶˼͸Ŀֻգۼȥȫû˺ӡ
ǿܵȭͷȴ˿û赲ĽӽҶɣֻԶľ룬ǺҶɵؿڡ
˿̷ųκαֵҶնһûջأΪֻ֮пˣԼСһȭĺ֮
ֻܱˡ
˫âӨһȣɫ쭷ϯڿܵȭͷսӴҶεʱȻΪһӰʧ˴˴
ǽҶɵĲӰ漴ͣԶ
ߣһƺߣɫ԰׵ҶԶǹŵѪǰ߹۶ϣһ˺ѷΰľʹ
һڣﶼܵ˼ѹЩǱ˰գҶɸо˴˿ܵĿ֮
һȻٿһԶĿܣԼ˫Ŀ¶׹ⶢԼɫޣҶת
ȻԼµһˣֶλǣ뵽Ҷɵϣ


293 ͨ
Ȼ˿Ҷɣ漴̧һ㣬ϼһҶһȥȻվԭûж
״Ҷ˫Ŀһɫ蹥ˣϾͬһ޷˺
ڽܣ˵˺ֵܹһĹٶԼ
뵽Ҷ̧һУৣʮĿڽɫɽһҲþſ⹥ֱӶ
ϼһŽܼȥ׽˵СÿնǰǴӱ͸
˵˿ڿԿϣҲж裬һҶɵҲöһЩ
ɫǹָһӽҶɣԤһı˫һȣλΪһӰʧ
һǣſܣһ߶ֻܶܵɫޣ˵ֵĻᶼûУֻʣ˶ӵĵز
Ȼգüͷ΢ĿҶɣаƽʱ͵û뵽һսҲǲԼԸҲЩͷۡ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼ漴Žңңһ㡣
৵һ£â˸һĲϼһȴͬˮ㵴
ȥȫΪҺһ㣬ܹоԼڵҺо졣
״Ҷɽâƽ轣ն
ৣ
ɫɽͬ˽ˮ׵شӺ󱳴͸նƵ˿ڣ˼ɫ˻漴ǵ˲ơ
һĻʵҶһɽ׶ܾǺ£Լоͬʱǿǰܵ轣Ҳһо
仰˵˿ܼγޣ޷ֵ
৵һ
ϼһҶһȥ漴һȭҶɿǲԭزúڽԳ֣˵Ŀ϶Լ
һȣˢһʧâһҶɵһվΣɫǹֱǳ˹ȥ
״Ҷɫһ˿ܱ̿ϼסжٻһһܣҲֻһ;
ٴλΪһӰҶɵʧâһҶɵλ
ǿܣǶ޶û׷ȥҶɸո˲䣬ǽһſڡ
۵һ
һˮͰϸĹһҶɺȥ״Ҷɲɵɫһæųɫƻǰ
ͬʱο˲ѣһ˼ŶԲߣĿǰֻбķݣȻһֻĻûж֣ȥӲ
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һ죬ɫһ֮ϣһŽɫѶֲĽɫһҶ׵壬һ±ǱʮԶ
һ֮ҶЩ׹䵽棬ǿסΣɫԽ԰ɫصĿȻ
˼Ƭ̣°âһ˫һȣɫ쭷ϯҶɵ৵һ£Ȼȥ
״Ȼֻüͷһ壬ȻվԭûȴһΣȻǰҶһȭ
Ҷλһߣպƹ˽ܣֳֺڽȻһն
ֻǰϼһ¶һЦݣȻαģҶɵһնա
谭ʱȴǳҶɵߣһŷͷ­Ҷȡ
ȫ߶ڽҶ˫ֽգȴûܣǺ浲ͷϣѺڽ˶һ㡣
أһ죡
ܿƣص˺ڽ֮ϣҶɵ৵һ£䵽˵棬ҳһӡ
ɫ޸£ſһ磬һƬӯӯϯ˲串˵ӸΧֻҪҶһж裬Ҳֻбķˡ
Ҳ֮ϣȻ˫Ŀ΢еĿ·һṦüͷһ壬ȻԶ
âһҶɵδԶһܶɫ԰ףǱǵѪƽ˼ֵӣһϢҲ
ʱҶɣмսʤܿʵڲʵΨһİ취ֻȻɱôսͽˡ
ǰĹȻԭԼԼһȥֹǿܻǶޣ˿ɳ֮
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ˫Ŀһֻһɱƾͼˣڵ﷨תһССԪ۶
һ˿˿ʶ֮˳ž߶£رǵ֮У֮ڣɫϼ
֪ȻǷʲôֶΣҶȴЩסˣ˵ƵһЩʧȥҶɾȻ޷ȥˡ
˿̣ʩչļһһ⣬ȴǿ˿ƣռõ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˫ĿһУɫ쭷ֲѣһģʧ
״ȻԭزһȻ֮ɫȴǴŨŨĽ֮⣬ƺʱҶɡ
һٴҶǰҶһȥܸһ׷Ҷһת֮£˦
һģ֮£ҶɵγȻǰһ̧һ޷âȻһȥ
Ҷֵ̧˲䣬ɫϯҶɵУҶֻܿռһжٻȴǲδ¶֮ɫ˫Ŀ΢еĿǵâȻ
Ȼɫһ䣬صߣȻк֣˵껰˫ְַ任ͣһǰȻһֱҵĻɫУһɹɹĲ
ǵâһӽȻ۵һû֮ڣͬϬţ뺣˿û⡣
ʲôһĻҶɫһ䣬ʵû뵽Ȼֵסļ
ͬʱһƿ֮𣬽ҶٽӽһƣȻҶǰ¶һЦݣһһɫУҶȥ
ǰл֮£ҶɲоһΣյĸоƽʱױӵɫͨסжٻޱȣӵõһһܵĹ


294 
ҶɿŻӽȻԼԽԽоһƷ磬ɵЩ
ӳɫ޵ɫ϶նļʶļ󣬼ǿܷ֮ʩչʶ飬ҲᱻȻǹĹֵ
֮ƣҲֻƴһˣ
ڷתԸȫ߷ڽҶԭľ޴ķ˳ֱ۹ע˺ڽ֮С
һڤӿ֮ܿռ䴫ͳһǿ֮Ĳɢ
̼䣬Ҷɸоһ㣬һʣ޼ǿĻӳһ漴һģǿֶݹⲻɢ·׹ȥ
ڽһƸҪҶ֮ʱ
𣬿ռЩڤ֮ϴһɹɿֲѹȻЩĸо
Ȼһֱŵɫ΢΢һ䣬æһҶĽصһѶΪʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ܵΣȻȻǰ۶Ȼɫһߺˣһ߼һܻǰ
ݣ
һƥĺâͬҹˢһԺڽϼ̼ǺȻǰĿ֮ϡ
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һ֮ı췢ҵԪһɢһž޴ĽɫѶֲϯȥ
ǵɫƥδͣ٣ȻֱӵĳԶƹ֣۵һûУҲ֪䵽˺δ
أ죡
ҶɲµؽƣȻµһ󣬽ǱɫƥһҵĻζ֮󣬺ȻһѶ
ܾһŤΣȻǰϼɽҶɽ帽Ȼһ֮ȻҲһͬ˿
˿̵ҶɣǱڵĳڤɻ꽣Ҳ֪˺δɫ԰ףһϢޣȥǱ
˫Ŀ֮УȻضδɢȥĽɫϼ˵ȻȻܹ֮ǰֶֹΣҶɲòһ
Ȼ߿ܣ˿Ƶĵ䵽˵棬ԪЩǵҶԣɫ޴˿ȴʧ
ܿռտյֻһƬҵԪһṦ򣬰սɫϼɢȥ¶˱ò
ʱҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ¶֮ɫ
УһŻɵ꣬ڽâֶȿ񱩵֮УȻȻԱ겻ɢôܣ
СӣܺãȻϷ٣˷˼ߣ´ʱϷһԼ⳥Ȼ꣬һּͳ
ԣҶɫ΢䣬Լ״̬ʵסС֣Ҳɱ˵ˡ
ˢһ
Ȼ껯ΪһŻɫԼмֲٶȣԶȥСһǷ޷׷漴εͣסΡ
һҶɫ
ǣˣŻ̫꣬ˣʱƣϯڤ֪Ӻδ˳һĳȻ档
ʲôӡ壿Ȼ괫һּ־æĵתź󷽵
ӻ㣬ӺúòǣЩһЦһ˫۾תͣ
ڽ֮Ϻâһ৵һϯһƬɫ̼佫ȻУƾȻջ޷ӳźɫ
һҵ˳ż¸¹Ц

ϲ
һƬһ޼ʵĻԭϣһɽȣܴݲΧ쳣ͬ麿һ㡣
˵أȣ
ܣƽʱǿʱ򣬼겻ӰǽգƺЩ쳣
Ҳ֪оʲô仯һɹɼֲĲԹڴ˳֮⣬ҲȻܸܵǹļµĸо
һź£ʮӣպ·˴ܵϢ֮󣬲ɵɫһ䣬˫ĿһеĹ
ֲ֣ǿ֮ʣȱ仯ѵʲôҪɣ˵˵һŻķ϶ɣҲ֪Ӻʱֵġ
˵ӦʲôرģĻЩڵСһõˣֻϧѾ޷ˣǿԽȥ˵껰¶ϧ֮ɫ
һṦȻ˫ĿһУæȡһöϣһ֮αģ
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¶һ˼֮ɫһ˿ɻ󣬴ȣҲǱóĬ

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·Ҳ֪֮УһªĶܲһƹ֡
һɫСߣʸڽƹָ֮ڣһŰ£ɫ԰׵ӰĿš
ڴ˵ӰǰǰڷֻһɫԼһЩɫм


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ףҶɼ״˫ĿȻһУȻоϢƺͬˣԭõΣȻ˼֡
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298 
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ȿȣˣǰ˵Ҫֿ׽٣Ϣɢ֮ױἰʼ塣ЩЦĴ˴֡
ߣҿڳû˽ɣûˣ޴ħ˫ȭһգ˫վڵ棬ƣͷϰɫ
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УǣǸǧҪ÷ʱ򣬺ٴ˵˰ǧһ仰Ҷԣ˫Ŀһŭ


299 شɽ
ӴȭͷһӴҶɱǸоһ˳ž˷ǹɹֱӿ˵ĵһ֮𣬷·Ҫһ㡣
ҲҶ˺Ļæȥĵﱬ֮ˣҶҲǳ˲СĿͷ
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صһ졣
ŵŵţҶɵſסΣɫ΢΢һϢ֮࣬ڡ
ţֻȻŤһҶҲǲٸҶ÷պҶɲؽͷ顣
һٴλΪɫһ±ҶɣҶһо֮δԼ̫˺ط
Ҷ崫һ֮УһɹĵʹһޱȵĸоҶɵȫ
˵Ҷɸо屶ܼ尾ȴظоÿ֮ˢһ壬֮ǱǿӲ˼֡
ƺÿһϸÿһⶼ̰֮ΪǣħȻһƬƬڷƬֻǲûиȫֻмҪ
Ҳ֪˶ã޴ħУһоˬޱȣҲǿ˲١
ʱкɫżŤҷ֮һɴϸ˫Ŀʮɫ̽ͷ­
ɫתĿĿҶɵϣſڴһ֮󣬱ˢһţ·Ҷɳȥ
ɫû£ҶɱǸоһ޷ݵѹƺЩϢĸоܿռҲǴ֮
״޴ħ˫ĿһվΣһ֣¶ɭȻݣһ꣬漴߬ȭͷ
ۿӽ޴ħٲҶ˿˫ȭֲɫ
صһҶħ΢΢һα׷ʮԶסΣɫһڣٴγȥ
ҶаԾһ׽٣Ҫǰǿ᲻٣һǰ򵥣ԼӦЩ
һֻ̣Ȱ˫ȭһգһ֣ҧ֮£𣬼Ѹһƴӡ
һ嵽ҶɵĸҶɱǶ˵Ŀٺȭ
ء
һı֮ҶɾȻһЩԼҲǹɾһ󲽣Ҷٴγ֡
ɫһŤβһ֮£Ȼһ˾޴ħ֮ϣħӴΣͬɳһĵɶ䵽ʮԶĵ棬ҳһӡ
ҶվΣɫϼһŴӳȥ۵һû˵
ãⲻԶĺԼСɻ
ǣͬھ˰ɣ龪ɲ˵
ѻ죬˻ʰ㣬лúһ˵ꡣСЩԹ˵
һΣҡͷҲǺֻżȻģȿȣɲܹҡ
ڶ̸߽֮ʣԶ΢΢һһţһһ޴ˮ޴ħһܶǸɫ
һŤ˰ߣһ䵽˺֮УܵһƬǽ壬ʱĴر֮
˿̵Ҷɣɫ԰ףȫʹѣʵʢһֱս֮ãҲûʲô
ºҶħ󣬻ɫûԭϢһȥӣƣŤš
ҶȴǰԵԼ˵ֶܼãǲսپԼ¾ͻΣˡ
뵽Ҷһ˿ɫŶȥ
߸һӴҶɵֱץסһֻǣλζͷ­ҵײ棬ҶҲһֵӡ
ֻǽȭһµҵغͷ­Լ䣬Ҷɿһϸ΢ѷ죬һϲּӴ˼֡
ʱƺ¶־֮ɫŸ߿һԾ漴ŵ温£Ҷٲ֣һڵģ϶Ҷħ
״ڰյҶһľȫһֻ۾Ȼȥ״¶־֮ɫǽ
Ҷ⣬һֻץǣô㣬Ҷйͷ­֮ϣصһգҶǾ޴ȭͷһֻ۾֮ϡ
صһ졣
һɫѶϢһɢΪһɫڰյҶҲЩȫǲϰصһ䵽˵档
ţɫ۵һû˾޴ħ֮ڣڵħȫһ鴤˫Ŀһ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãҲǱðǶҲʧ
޴ħŬ˫Ŀ˿ܣСڸԼԭû
ˣˣСˣʱԪһ´ܵҶߣ˶ͷ­ҶɵǵĲ¡
ǣҾ˵һûµģˣ㻹šʱһЦ˵
һ˫۾ֱתһ˿֮ɫĿҶɡ
ҶɸӦһԼ壬ȻʹѣָǣһʹҶɿһۺ飬Ҳû˵ʲô
ֱºҶɲҲ֪ǣϺδƣҶɲһ죬ȥȻƲӡ
ϥ֮Ҷһڣֲ̫ƣֻĹ󣬵ϵĴʵС
ҶҲĸо˿̵Ȼ֮ǰҪǿ࣬ΪǣԭֻڼҪĺɫƬھȻǹȥһɫۼס
ÿһƬɫƬ֮ϣǴһɫ·ҶɸӦŴ˿ǿ̶ȣ¶΢Цȴ˷ޱȡ


300 
һҶڶ֮ڣ°ͣ¶˼֮ɫһƺתϢҲٴδﵽȫʢ״̬
˷ʥħ壬ν˲ᣬڼҲ˰ٰĥڼ䣬Ƕɽڼ䣬һǲܽϢɢԼͻΣա
ҶȴǺƣûָ£ȻҲǰȻĻɼǳ˿ɱȡ
Ҷɷ֣ƿеľѪƺħ֮Ѫǰ򵥣ƺ̺һЩϢ˵
ѵ˾ѪˣҶЩɻ˵һ䣬漴ҡҡͷǲڿǴ£ƿеľѪȴǻʣһ֣ҶҲûꡣ
Ƭ̣ҶһһṦ򣬶ںâһ৵һ£źڽǳҶɵǰ
ҶԴ֮󣬱ûС̸ཻʲô򵥷Ը󣬱ǻصˣһʱ䣬һֱҵҵĸҶɻ
飡Ҷɻû˵꣬Ǳľٶһ
¶һɥҶһݣſǻ˵ˣ֮ǰԹú飬ҷģҲǸոʲô͸ʲô
ʼҲ벻ǰģҪ͸˳ֹҲԶ÷ˣˡ
ԣҶ˫ĿһУ漴ЦЦڵٺ٣ҲûҪ˼ʲôңҿҪˡ
鲻ңʣ֪ȫˡ鼱æ˵һ˫Щ۾תͣ
šҶɵ˵ͷڵСôˣ
ˣԴСѣǿʼ˯һʱһֱûתѡ˵˵
ҶЩȻ֮ɫ漴ɻˣΪλ֪׵ģǰ
һתƺ˵ˣӡģļǵãǰ˵ֿ׽١
ԣҶһѵǰҲ˵ȹףֻʥħŻή٣
ǲˣҲ֪᲻סɫһĻش
ȻһҽУŤõ죬·һ̾ͻɢһ㣬ɫĿҶɡ
ˣûƭ㰡鼱æҶȴ˫Ŀź飬˿ûֵ˼
˰Ĺ򣬺ȻģҲ˲٣Ȼû˵ʲôϢ
ˣʲô֪Ժʲôϸ顣һţһ߶Ҷɰ
״ҶһΪѺ飬ЩõƯ˺ڽ֮ϣһֵĿҶɣҲ֮ǰǰ⡣
˿ҲܵˣҶ֮ǰµǹɽƵֱǿֲ˿Ҳˣ˾ˣǽ顣
ҶֻҪһˣԼͻɻ뵽鲻ɵһ
Ҷһڵ飬Ͼʱж̣㿪ʼǴģҲŻ˴㣬ף
ԣ鼱æ˵ͷڵ˷ģԺ龡ְأһСѧϰȡջ˵Ρ
šҶɵ˵ͷаһЦǲһѵܻġ
ˣȥС࡭û˵꣬ҶɺȻüͷһ壬̧ͷ˿Ϸ
ͬһʱ䣬һȵ˳ף˵ؾȻ󣿵ѿɷһ
ԣҶɫһԸһ֮󣬺һûڽ֮У漴ǱҶ
ţâһŶ֮ȥ
ϿգһŻɫۣòʵӣɻɨܿռ䣬ʱĵ˵ͷ
ɼǼ޷ִ󣬺ٺ١˵껰¶̰֮ɫ
Ӧһ󣬲֪ǷǴƣǹģԲ󣬵ƳģӦһЩ֮ģٺ١˫Ŀһе˵
ʱ·滩һˮһ֣һɫӰһ󣬱ǻΪһŰµ꣬պĶ档
λѣ󷨵ˣӿ˿ҶɣһȻ˵
ԣҶɳƬ̣࿡ʣ̸ֹͣ˵ӣ漴˵ͷ
²õģλкָ̣Ҷ˵꿴˿ӣΪԲһϢ쳣
Ҷڴ˵ϣоһɹɹĲᵽһ˿ΣյĸоаԲڵʵȻ󣬾Ǻǰ򵥡
Ͼ˴Բ֮Ǿڰֻ̤˻Ӥż־Ϳ߽ͨ׵ġ
棬ѿԽһżڵԲƿˣҲ֪˿˺ֹǰģ֮ʵҲԽ
ͣͿԴﵽھ磬˵޷붥ȣҲϵˣٺ١ӺȻ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶȴһ㶣⻹״˵ԼΪϵʣ漴΢΢һЦ˵λѣµĻ±뿪ˡ˵꣬ҶɻĿ˿ꡣ
˰֣ȻһЦؽţûж⣬֪󣬿ǵƣ
Ŷ⵹ǣһżȻõġҶ˵ͬʱаҲ֪ηԼĴ󣬶һԲòСһġ
˵濴ȥ̸Цһ˵һʲôĺݽɫͬȻǰز¶һ
Ǻǣѿɷ֪£ʲôطõģʲôϹŽأ΢Ц˵
ڳ˵ĴУҶ˵һöԷЩȴԽܵĻ
һ㶣漴΢΢һЦͷã¾ͲתĨˣ󷨣¾ˣ֪Ƿӣ˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ


301 
Ŷлѿµ󷨣ȴǲûд۵ġҶüͷһ˵
ٺ٣ۣ޷Ǽ۸⣬ҿԸ߽鱦һΣһЩϣԲĵҩһ͸ġг˵
Ƭ̣Ҷ΢΢һЦڵ֪ʹúֱԣ΢΢һ㶣𻰣ҶٴοڵҪ򣬲֪ѿɻۣ
ԣüͷһ壬漴ЦЦͷŶȻˣǾⲻˣǵ£Ҳ뻻Щʯ
˵꣬Ȼһ͵ӣ֮䣬ȴ͸¶һ˿вζ
ҶҲЦˣȥ޺ӣɫһ˱΢Цȥ֮к
ĬƬ̣ƺЩסڵҲգȷʵɱ˶ᱦģʵڱҶ֣Ҳֻܲˡ
˵껰һಣһ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһ߽ɫܡ
߼н׿ܣҶɲɵɫһֿܿ൱ڵʵһ㼴ԲԸҲΪͷۡ
ٸһᣬɷ񽻻ĵһ䡣
λѣҲֻһ󷨣ˣԻ½ģҵزʶʵûбҪ˺Ҷɼƺ֮Ҳǿڽһ䡣
ԣ˴˿̣ҵȻʵ˵ɣɫһ˵ţֳ̧Զһ㡣
˵һâһٲҶһȥ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУǽԼĿܼ˳ڰһĳн׿ܣһȭ
صһ졣
߿΢΢һн׺ҶǾ߿ܣ·磬岽֮ԶſסΡ
ףȻҲпܣֻǵͽ׿ܣʵԶǲˡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ֻٴβһһȭཻʱһĿϼҶɵǾ߿ܲʱıɣϱ׺ݵȥ
ֻһС𣬰˵ͽ׿ܲǶֻ֣Ǹһ֣ӱǷ֣˵ԼĿռϷ磬һʱƬҲԽܡ
뵽һӣৣһâӭ籩֮£ȻΪСɫԲƯգܲʱһɫ׻
״Ҷ˫ĿһУ˱ЩϤĸо֮ǰķƷǿ᲻٣⾹һ߽鱦
ҶɲҴ⣬һһƬâһģڰջΪʮڽӲӵķɽйɵ˰ա
״˫Ŀһû뵽ҶɽӶó˶߽ױټ˸߼Ĵ󣬲ɵ࿴һ
ٺ٣벻Ȼ౦ӦĸŵҪʵսǲͬģ΢΢һЦ˵
ֳ̧ɫԲ΢΢һ㣬˵һâһϷžž֮һϸɫ׻漴Ҷɼȥ
һҶɴһʮڷɽڰһˢһΧһԲΣҿתмڷɽתٶȼ죬Ŀâ
Щɫ׻һӴ󣬱۵һɢһ׻ʵķ飬žž֮
ʱɫԲ΢΢һһɫ׻Ȼһ۶ȥ̼䣬γһɴСɴϸɫڵĳҶɡ
ʮڽ轣һͣȻһλã漴ɱȥȥһ׽ӡ
ףüһо˴˽֮һӴǷر֮
ŬĳҲ޷Ʒر轣סı轣˲١
ɫвʱ緢һ˷ɽ֮ϣֻҪһѷɽɣһڷɽϱǲһķֳڷɽ
ವһһҶɱȥҪƴ֮
״Ҷ¶΢ЦβƣǰһĶȥȥûжӡ
Ҷɵǣǲ֮ҲǼǿᣬȫ֮ǰʥǴǵȹԱġ
һȭҶɵģǸоĺҶǰһƣŵŵţӾǳԾĵ
ԼԲ壬Ȼܸһڣɼ֮֮ǿ
ӲδжȣϾ֮δ̫๦ҪֶΣҪʵ
һߺΣһ˫ַ任ͣһ޷Զһ㵭Ľɫϼ
ţŰңңһ㣬˵һԪһңһɲɣϢɢ֮䷨ӿڰ۳һֻСİ׻Ӱ
˰׻˵ãһϢͣһ㹦ܴﵽģֻĿɵùԲ֫צޱȣ˸
һ֣һ𶯵죬һҵɢ
˫ĿŭҶɣ漴һգ죬޴İ׻ӰҶɱȥһƿ֮
Ҷû뵽˾ȻҲ̽һһֱʩչ˴ܵĹҪ֪֮ʣ˭˵ƣǼƵһҲע˰ܾ֣ԷսپԸ˷ʱ䡣
ȻˣҶҲд˵ԼЩֶ̣Ͼʵš
һͺȣûжڤϾֻýǿĹԼΨһֵֻܹնһĽ´еġ
Ԫתһ˿˿֮͸̼䣬Ҷɵ֮У۳һѰĽɫιС
һ̣Ҷһ̧ݣ
ϼһιڰջһߣһ±ն˰ɫ޻ͷ­֮ϡ


302 ǧն
Уɫ޻õӰŽιһҧ˹ȥ۵һ̽˸У漴ϼһҶɳȥ
ûֻ߳׻Ȼһ׺ۣĿҫ۵ĽɫϼӰ׻⼤
̼䣬Ѻ۱ǲ˰׻漴΢΢һȻһѶΪ׹ʧ
״ֻ˫ĿһУû̫֮ɫٴʩչʲô
ʱڰ׻ѿĵطһ߶೤ĽιһӼȥ
ףһĻƺЩ⣬ϲδкλ֮ɫһһɶһһ»ǰ
ݣɫϼһ
ιиպնϣ漴һŴĿƵһɣ¶ӵӰ
ֻǰ֪ʱĳһ̫״ͼǰתѣն۵һûڡ
ţӽһӣ̫ͼˢһԶȥ;бǱѶնû˺ӷֺ
ϸ۲죬˿ӵɫȴЩףҲһ˿֮⣬ֻϱֵļΪȻ
ǺǣһڵΪ³ԸСȻЩʵ΢Ц˵漴ɫһ
Ҷ˫ĿһУ˵նδȫʩչ׵Ľ£ҲǵһˣȻҲû׵ġ
¹ȻʵˣǱ£ȷǲԸΪеġҶɫһ˵
ʼֻǶ󷨸ȤڣҵǶȤˣǴﵽΪһ﹦˴⡣ӿһҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɲСһȻӣĪǻʲôֶΣ
Ϳ㻹ʲôֶΣٺ٣Աϣӵдʣһ޷ԶξȻ΢΢
˵ҶһֱûСǰ꣬òϣǵ͹ʵѵԲʵ
ԼǱɱֶΣȴֻܸԷһ˺ˣ뵽Ҷɲӣ˿սپϲֶζȻࡣ
Ȼֻ˫ĿһУзȻͣɲǼ䣬ɳʯ
նΪ֮һһԪһңһҫ۴ĿĹϼ˸֮䣬кȻѽӰ
ÿӰгͨ嵭ɫȥܲǺܴӣǲԤϣҶɸоԼĻⶼԵֵ
һ̣зһ䣬ѽӰһ۶ȥգۼ䣬γһľͽӰϾȻɢһ¡
ܿռ䶼ǱøһϢɢ
ҶԪתȫʩչ֮£նץУɫصĿӣ৵һ£ιֶ
״һһͺȡǧնԱϣֳ̧޽΢΢һ㣬ЩӵɫӲ԰һϢҲ֮ǰǰǿᣬȻʩչĲСӡ
һ𣬾ͽӰһģ֮£ƻʵޱȵҶɼܴһƿ֮
նͽӰոսӴ֮ʱûз춯صľ죬ǻǾͽ˼֣ڼСٶȼ졣
ն˵ƼӲһЩ̫СһṦ򣬾ǱͽӰһգͽӰҲĲ٣ֻʣԭһĴС
ʱͽӰ΢΢һһģĳҶһնȥӰû£ҶɱǸоһɹɿֲĸ£ջʹ
״Ҷһô˱̬ԼļֹƣԼΣ֮С
նǶ֣ʲôǧնǿᵽֵزǱնôһ£ʩչʥħ壬ҲȻҪܵشġ
˿ϸ룬ۼžͽӰԽԽҶɵһΣһڳУעֱۣ۵ڽ֮ڡ
˵һһӿڤ΢΢һҶ˫ֽգ漴һ˳ȥ
ֻоɿţҶЩҪʱһɫƥԽ⼤Ǿ޴ĽӰȥ
ٶȼ죬˲Ǻһ
ԭǿޱȵľ޴Ӱ𾪵֮УɫƥԴݿһն
սȻḻϾȣжͣæƻǰ漴ݹһε
¡¡
һƵı췢ɫƥǶ֮ϣֻ赲һ£Ǳɣֲĺನ˲ûӵΡ
Ҷ˫ĿƬâĵطƬ̺󣬺ɫƥʧ¶龰
βɫ԰׵ĶһɫĹ֮УУץһɫ
žһ졣
йѿһϸ죬ţǽɫ֣Ҳǳһѷ죬漴ȻһɢеĽɫҲǻΪʧ
״¶һ֮ɫȴ
ҶɿһĻǴ⣬û뵽˾Ȼ챦زȻ޷ˡ
һڵ﷨ת̼һУʶ֮ûڣҶһӣһԲ׽âŻӼ
ɫһ䣬˫ְַ任ͣ漴˫ǰһˢһһ̫ͼٴγɣһɹɹĲɢڰ׹ϼ̫ͼ˸ͣ
ǵâ۵һû̫ͼ֮ڣ漴ǱԶڰըѶӵĶͷȴǲ˶ĺ飬ɫ԰ޱȡ
˵ȻڽŵȻ֮ɫȴ¶һ˿塣ҶɼһĻҲĸо˴ʵ֮ǿ


303 ׷
һֵסҶɵļӼæһ̧֣Լһն𣬶ݹһԶȥ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУͷһۣкڽһ飬С࣬Ҫκ˽ӽ
ˢһһźϯһ֣ǰǣˣ޷泤ģ뿪ڤ̫̫Զɢģ顭
û˵꣬Ҷɫһ鵱˵ˢһС˯ĵطһȥ
״ҶɫأһԾӨһɫ쭷һ֮£Ӱһģʧ
ǰӴܵĻӣȻоҶɣһֲ˼ٶԼӽ¶ݡ
˱̬޷Ҫ󷨣Ȼǵôݽɫѵԥ֮ǿ˵ز˵껰ɫһּӿ˼֡
һĹһɽϿգһɫݹڸһ漴ԥݷȥ
ٶ֮죬֮±ǳԶߣ漴ʧ
ʱһɫݹ⣬ԶһϷ򣬱ǳŻɫݹ׷ȥٶȸǿĻΪһ׺ۣƺǽջΪ롣
պһƬϿգɫüʩչĲļѪ֮֮ã
ѵǺֱ︨ʲô̬Ķͨش볬Խƺѣȫʢʱʩչ˶ٳƽ
ڣ޷˦ˣ治֪ĸŵĺ󱲣ȻʵȻ˺޷ˣߣ
䣬ӸҪɳƬֺֻǰѪɫϼһһѪ۶صһ
ѪɢɫϼһҶɵӰֳֶֺɫŻӼ
״ɫһ䣬ڵΪ׷£ȻʩչѪ֮Ҳ⵽ˣҸ£ߣ
Ȼ˵ȴǲûκζֵ˼ݹһ֮£Զȥ
ۣһնա
Ҷɴæ֮һ죬һֻĽɫƣڰ۶һ˻ǰ
ƲֻͨǷ۶ɣƳҲףֻǺȭӰǽɫƿ
ҲСС飬ҶɵӰ嵽ǰڽͷ­һȥȴûڶ÷ʱҶɵķҲʣ޼
˽ǲս˫һΣһɫƻǰֱӵס˺ڽĹ
صһ졣
Ҷɽƾ֮ǽǻɫնһССİݣ޴ֱõ˻ӵϡ
һƺߣɫһףһĵ·׹ȥҲһ̱Ҷһնɡ
ţҶ˫ֳֽ·һ壬׷ӣٴնһ
ɫһһΣɫԲУصһֵסҶĳȴɾٴκɡ
صһص䵽˵棬һһҵĴӱ˳һĿǹѪ
в֪ʱóһöɫȥӲӣһööɫֶתһĿΣȥЩصӡ
ҶɸһɵӸ˵նһֱȡ׼˿ڿۿű޿ɱܣΣڵϦ֮ʱ
Щ۵һץ۵һлɫһȼܳ˵⣬ӰȥͬõӰһ㡣
Ҷһն˹ȥҲȷʵһնգǻӵӰͬӰһʧֻһ
СӣһģߵҶᡭԽԽԶֱȫʧ
Ҷ㶵ĿһĻɳӣתĿﻹлӵӰӣĿʶһɨ֮£ԲɷΧڣҲû˿֡
״ҶɫЩڽ֮󣬱Զȥ
ºҶɵӰԶüͷ΢ĿŵĴӣ¶˼֮ɫ
մ˵ֶοһɢޣߣȻҶҲûа취⸽Ѱ£ȻûпӵӰӵ˰ȫĵط
Ҷ˫ĿһеĿԶ˵ҲǴ֮ʼͲҶɽʲôֱӶǿȡ󷨱ãὫԼնɱ
Ͼʼʱ˭Ҳ֪ԷʵΣֶƵ̵Ҳǿˡ
ͬҶȥҲǿǿҶʥħ֮ҶҲԲ׷Ź
һ·û˾Եƶ֮ˣҶԼȣҲûʲô
ڣһûǿǿҸ˶ԷһЩôġҶҰοһ䡣
˵Թ޴ˣԲʵҲԥĽԼնɱɣ
ҡͷпһҶɶݹһ𣬱Զȥ֮£ǲӰ
ºҶɻصʱ̤ڤҶɵԣҶɫãû˵ʲôһ˫۾ȴǵתͣ
С໹û𣿡ҶͷҲ̧һ䡣
ˣСһֱڳ˯ڸ߽׵ףһСĿȣƴ˷СҪѽˡ˵Ļش
ԣҶɵ˵ͷڵ˵ز˾һߵƣһ߷ԥݣ˷ΪѰһЩ౦ͻƵԲʵ
ǣлˣԶЧˣϵɽ¡û˵꣬ҶЩͷӣһЦסɫһ¶֮ɫ
ˣȿȣе飬ˣ˲ˣ˵ֵԺԿǽˡȻһ٣Ҷ˫ĿĿԼ


304 Ԫ
ԥݽ㴦һƬĺϿգһɫԵһһ֮󣬱ĳȥ
ڣҶϥҶɵǰҶɸһɫСʸһ֮ϣɫϼ˫ĿգϢȳƣȥڳ˯ӡ
˷ӽ֣ԷȻأԼҲһЩƣʩչڤɻ꽣֮ļԼʥħ壬׷ԷûС
˷׷ҶɷЧҲǿʼ̫ƺǴԲٶȲӡ
ҶҲû̫⣬ϾǰƷûȫֻԺлЩϣ¼һˡ
ǻʵǿᣬڶ࣬ӦĸҪҲǳһģԺԼ»Щ鷳
Ҷɷһֻǿǰȴ޷ԤϵʥħɽԺ鷳
飬ǰʲôҪ˵Ҷɵһ䣬ƺʲôæϻ˵һЩ
ԣ鼱æ˵ͷڵˣôϵһӦÿҪӤˣ˵Ļһ߸Ǹã
Ҷ˫Ŀһ˼ĵ˵ն˵껰ҶгһѳĽιС
״˵ͷڵȻӡЩģǵϵɽҲǷһʱܶԴ
Ŷ˵˵ʲô˵Ҫ϶ҶЦеĿź飬˵˵һ䡣
ԣ鵱һ£ڵˣ׺ȷʵ벻̫࣬ȿȣ˵˵°ɡҶɽ
ںģļǰϵԪһҶڵϵ
һЩרǿ֮Ȼһ㶼̹һķţӲרǡ
˵ļ£ǻӤϹƴҲ˺ֺͽֺ߼һֻįˣֻʣһЩ򵥵
ʱҲһЩԴţҸϵǺƣʿʿбһϵҶԪʱΪԪޣ
Ԫ¾֮ԪҪؼǣϵ
Ԫ֮ԵʱʢУһżͣκ˶֮ٶޱȣûʲôǰں֮֡
ֻҪɹ㹻֮ûκƿֱӴﵽԲ֮ͻƴԲֱӻӤ
Ӥ֮Ҳһûʲôǰں֣֮ӤԲ֮󣬱ɽһΣٶҪԶԶʿʿԪʩչͨǿᡣ
ԪҲûȱ㣬һҪһʩչһЩܹ֮壬ϵߵĸԶ
ڶȱǣ˵Ԫٶȿ죬һʿкڵʵʿһͬʿڶ벻Ԫ޵Ķ֡
ʿϵȴǰں֣֮Բ֮Ԫ޵˴ԲҲʵ൱
һʿֶζ࣬󲿷ܹԪޣϾԪֻ֮սʿ࣬ʹñ
֮ȱ㣬ûзۺ̴ܹսپ֣Ԫ޻ʧˣΪ֮ʣ޼͵űʿֶŰ
ٳ֣ΪһʿһԪޣһ㶼ʿԲңѻӤɹˣٴν˦ں档
һ׻ܻӤڵĶ֣кҲһϳ̣һӤԲֻ֮ززķˣ֮Σ
ԪԽԽ࣬ؼ֮ĵط𽥼٣⿿¾ٶǼ仺Ԫһ;˥󼸺ٿԪ޵ĳ֡
ûϵǱ˵һָıһЩţݺһЩޣħޣǰһ׶ϵʿ׷ʽͬҲû䣬ǻֳһЩϵҲʿϵӽ
㻨ʱ䣬ĭɵĽ˵һ飬СĿ˿ҶɣûйԼ£ŷ
Ҷ˴£𾪲ѣͬʱҲӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬Ҫǣ⿪Լɻ
ֲõ۳ԪʱһڶǶֵģԭˡҶɵͷҲҶˣΪθоնԽԽСԲԸЩ
һֻҪԪһӤպ˵ڻӤ֮޵ˣⲻҶɸ뾡绯ӤͱЩŪ֮С
֪һЩԪ޵ֶΣԪ޵ıƣҶɿ˿飬һ䡣
鵱¶֮ɫڵˣԴ˵ϤЩǰ˽ġ
˽ʲôԭʲôΪɻǵãǰʲôطҶһ˺ü⣬Դͬ˹һֱҡͷ
״Ҷ˵Ĵ𣬵Ҳ޿κΣغΪָһЩһƽʱȻ£һЩԼҲǲС
ʲôҶʵ
ˣļУֻмֺŪС๦鲻֪᲻ᣬһӡҲûС
ӦöǿĹǼһһȿȣ˵ĻҲÿʼͶնͨ
һ˾ͲǶ˵ƣǿ󹦷кọ̈࣬˵նԸּˣһ޷նɱͱˡ˵꣬͵һҶɣ䲢û˿ŭ֮ɫ
ҶЩЦҡҡͷ̾ϢǿĹǺǣô׵õˣһ˵Ƕ֮ЩȤǲ֪˭ͨ
˵껰Ҷɱ˫ĿһգƷ۽ԥݵؽ磬÷Ǽȥ״С෽һƮ


305 ÷
÷ǣջڡ
ҶϥڴͷһʱҶɸ·Ҳϣǰص˿ջ
ʱ֮󣬱Ǵһ˵ҹԼҶɻ֮ˣûбѻꡣ
ҶɸϽҪļĨǵԼȥϼɽȴķ֣Ƕμ䣬ѱĨȻҲǵһɶ
˼˼䣬ǽߣ˼֮Ҷ߳˿ջһ֮ڡ
ǰ֪кηԸһ꣬Ҷɽ֮󣬼æ˵һ䡣
ţֻ޴ҪһЩģռҶɵ˵һ䡣
ԣͷתص̨˰죬ֻɫƤңȥͬ޼
״Ҷɵ˵ͷʯ֮󣬱뿪˿ջ
ԴǰС˵Ѿһֱ˯Ҷɲ㽫һֱֻۣý䰲޴С
Ͼ޴봢𣬿Դֻȴ޷ʱȥҲޱʲͬ
뿪֮Ҷɽһֻ޴䣬һֻս˴֮УתԪסȥ
һٷҶԪס˸գݹܼ˵ԪѾ뿪һˣ֪ȥ˺δ
ԣҶɲɵøпһɢ޵ı֮·˵Ĵ֮䣬һ£һȥ
ʱ֮Ҷᳵ·󣬷ַȻҲڴ˵أ£Ҷֻȥ˷ҡ

ҴڣҶ뷽Ʒ裬ƺʲô
Ŷԭڱչ֮Уףش˷˳ˣҶЩ⣬û뵽ڱչسƿ
ǺǣҶѿˣˣһֱѰһɱȻ֡˵꣬˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿Ҷɡ
ҶĳûмˣҶ˵һ䡣
ԣоһЦ޷ҶѣȻ֮ʵڲ˼ǿջļ䣬ѾСĨ
û˻֪µģҶǷȻʵõðڼѻΪǾһĳǷĲ٣ٺ١
лѼǹˣҶɲû˵ԼȻǲζԷԽ֪Խá
Ҷѣ÷ǻƼټɢޣƺʲôжʣµǼϣȥһۣû׼ƼҾеġ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɵ˵ͷʵռҿʲô
һ㶣漴̾ϢһڵռǺͣܵƼҵĴѹҲû˵ôðͷƼҪˡ
ӦһҶҲû̫Ĵ£ֻһˣϾȥħѪأռ涼ˡ
ѣ֪δд౦Ҷʵ
˼Ƭ̣ڵкԼʹãҪĻҶѲȥڤڿ˵Ų󣬵ȴר޹౦Ӧò١
ڤڣҶЩɻ˵һ
Ҳԥݣ˵ûȳǿ󣬵ʵҲλôԥϲ뽣ڸλýһ顣
Ҷɵͷл뷽˼䣬ת뿪˷ңһ·֮£÷һɼ塪Ƽҡ
С˯Ҳ֪ʱתѣǽʵߣԼİҲǲСһ˵ܶһЩ飬ҲܰҶɡ
Ƽ֮󣬼ѯһ漴ҶɱƼҴ֮ڡ
ϣһԲ̬ߣ±λϣһ꣬ΪԲ
λѣμǴ˷жֻǺ˽ܣ̬߿һҶɣ˵һ䣬ȴǾ˸
ΪҶɲһڣһ֮ʱǸոɨˣȴǲ֪ҶʩչʲôֶΣʶ˻
һֻ֮ͬУԣ߲òҶ࿴˵оǿ֮̽£Ҷɵʶ֮Ӧ޷ֵҲϵˣһ꣬ҲдɫЩɲĴҶɡ
ҶɣǷѽǰģ֪Ƶжʲôϣ˵һ䡣
ŶԭǷãϷһݲ嵥ҶȿλѣҲǰμӴ˷жģҲϷһλѡ̬˵˵һ䣬漴׸Ҷһö
¡صĽܣҶɶ΢΢һЦԷǵ˵ͷ漴Ҷɱǲ鿴еĲ嵥
еļأҶɰզ࣬Щνңҵ׵ȷǱɢǿ̫࣬Ǳﻹǲϣ֮
ҲûʲôҲҪĶεҡҡͷ
״Ƽüͷһ壬ڵûеҪ֮֪Ҫʲô߲ϣ
Ҷɿڵ֮ߣйڻӤϢҶ˵꣬ʼ硣
ǺǣĪڿЦӤϢױҵȵõ֮ר˹ħ֮ҲǺٳֵġüͷһ˵
ŶȻˣҲֻܸˣҶ˵껰Ŷ˹˹֡
״ƼڵҶѣӤϢϷûУͻƻӤʹõĲϣĳһǿģٺ١
ԣҶһ٣ͷ֪Ƶ˵Ǻ˵껰Ҷĵһڴ֮⡣
Ѹ˵ɣǽ׻Ӥʱħ֮á˵̬꣬΢΢һЦ΢΢һ㶣֪ϹΪ㼫£ˣȻԼĺôˡ
Ҷԣһ֮ɫڵ֮ǰڽ׻ϵõԣҪֶǺǣԺлںɣǣ˵껰Ҷɹ˹֣Щʧת뿪˻Ƽҡ
ĬƬ̣꿴˿ҶʧıӰȻ˫ĿһУڵƵѣ˵ңٻԪĺһЩٺ١
ԣ̬һҲû˵Щʲô˫Ŀһ֮£¶һصЦݡ


306 ڤ
صջҶϢ˼գǳȥڤڣ
һ·˼ǳأһһߴŻӤϢһ߹һЩԲĲϣ֮£һҶɲŸϵԥϲ
ڴڼ䣬ҶҲһ֮׼õ֮ٽԼĿһ
Ȼ˵ĴټЩм¼ܵĲϵǲȱʲô
һºҶһǳڼһϷ֮󣬱ǳڤλ÷ȥ֮£ʧʡ

ԥϲԵһɽ꣬˵س󣬹ǺĪ˵ˣһЩͨʿ·ҲǸϽ·С
һЩֲǻͻͻɫȥҰҲڸû޸ǳ겻һֻ֡
ż䣬һźµӰֱڰշɹеǽ̤ɫᦣɽ֮䡣
ֵǣЩ˼Ǻƣȥɭɭʿӡ
˵أԥݹšڤڣ
һƿ֮Զ߰â΢һɫӰģ֮£ɽ긽¶һӰ
һ£ݣƤ׾ò㣬Ӷʮֻ꣬ü͸¶һ˿֮ɫâǴһֲ͵Ĳɣ֮⡣
ˣҶɣǰһĻüͷ΢΢һ¡
ΪޣŽ֮عȻСҶܴһۣһмţһǼ˷ȥ
ʲôˣѷҶɣ俪ʼûнӽҲûʲôڣȻǳڤġ
ҶЩǣ˵ŻؽԼΧһڣڣʮڵӣû뵽ֻɽȻ߽ס
˵֮ˣڵһ׳ɫɲĿҶɣЩ֮ɫ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦڵɢҶɣ뵽ŰЩ飬ҪһߣҲԡ
ߣڶѣȻĿ㵱ڤʲôطңδ̫ˣ֣ץס׳˵껰ַųһֻɫᦣܵһ硣
˼󺺶֣æһҶɰΧԼᦣ׼ԸҶɡ
״Ҷüͷһ壬ڤѵ˾ͻ׽ȻǲɣЩôô˵ֱӶ֡
˵⣬Ҷϲ޾ɫʵڲУӵˣҲ޷׷Լ뵽Ҷɵһ䣬Ҫų֡
ʱһЩٵ𡣡ס֣ĪҪ˺䣬һź۵ĸߣɽһĳǰһԲ
ϣ״뺰һ׳ҲЩɻ֮ɫȴǲûᦱ׼ʱֵӡ
ʤᦣԴˣô񣬴ҽãŭĺһ䡣
仰ȴǺмɣֻûн⿪ҶɵİΧҶʲôͼʱԽҶס
һĻҶȴ΢΢һЦЩȤӡ
ԭڤڶԴˣ⣬Ҷĳˣ˵껰ҶһĿ˿ܵˣ󣬽Ŀ˺ߵϡ
״һ֣ЦŶϷͳƺҶѣ˼ˣ˻ڤڣһЩԭڤܵ˲Сʧ
ټǬԱڲҶǰҵȲĲСһ֪ҶˣǿϷ򷢳ȥӢۼǰ֧Ԯ֮ˣ
ԣҶ΢΢һ㶣ҡͷ²֪ʲôӢۼֻ÷˵ڻ౦Ｋڣݷһ
Ƭ̣´ҶãڵᦣѵҶҲǹͬ˵꣬΢΢һЦ
һֻȴĵ˴ֻҪҶһͷϱᷢ𹥻Ϊǹޣֻ߲֤ܿҶ˵ѱġ
Ǻǣ²û˵ֻҪһЩ౦;ȻҶĳóһЩʯҶɵ˵
ƺҶɵĻڴϵƲۼƿͷŶԭˣ˵÷֮ˣ
һɢޣֻ÷λѣʮ꣬Ҷĳ÷ǵģҵɢ޼Ĵģ޹̶Ҷɫһ˵
˫ĿһУ˿Ҷɣڵ˵ڤչᦱ
ǣǲĻҲĳ͸ˣҶɼãЩͷ
״΢΢һЦڵҶǰҵҲûа취ΪڤڵİΣòһЩ
ңǰеҶѲҪ֣һº˵ǻȥ̸룡˵껰Ժơ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦɽڷȥҶ⣬˿ûо֮ģ߰Ҷɵĵʶ˶Щֶ̡
һɽ꣬Ҷɷ󣬱ɽ֮Ũ࣬ɽŵĻɫһֻҲ
ԼôһʱҶϡɽײһЩмһɫڣĹ콨ӡһЩͷͼ
ɽһЩʿ̤ᦣشڸ֮УеԶ˱ȥЩԼǧڵӡ
һṦ߽Ҷɴ֮ڣ˻
ʲôҶҪĻᦣһľ֮ϣźһ޷Զȥɭɭӡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵȻиĻãֻҪҶĳõóĶͻ໻ȡһЩᦵġ
ҶĳᦵƲǷ鱦ֻ͵ȼҶĳҲóһЩӦıһ
Ŷ˵ĻϷȥҶѵҪֻˡ˵껰߹˹֣ϯһźƶ뿪
Ҷɶڴ֮ڣѸо޼ǼԽߣԽأȥɭɭ㲻ֶԷηĸо
ǲ֪ڤܹóٸʻᦣʯҶɵǲȱ߼ĻᦣҲ֪Է᲻׳֡
ǿԻȡҲǼ򵥻ȡʯͿԹģҶɵϻЩ鱦
ҶҲЩ⣬ʿ֮ڣȴû߽ף˵߽Ӧʮ߽׵Ĵڡ
ΪŸأҶɲòСһЩ֮ǰʶɨΣֻڣⲻҶЩ⣬Ҳû̫ϸ̽飬±˻ʲô
ͬʱҲСģ˵һйԲҪߵĻ¶ԷҲסԼԼҲ޶⡣
һ£һߵȴڤĵ
ԼôһĹ󣬴ſںһЩɭɭ¶Ӱ΢ЦĿ˿ҶɣŴ˽
ҶѣϾ͵˵꣬һ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷƬ̺󣬸оſڲһҶתĿһ΢΢һ㶡
һŽɫȹȥŶʮŮӣڴſһһŵҶһķС


307 
Ҷܶ״̬ɭɭһǧϹһյ꣬ҶҲܲµ
ǣǰôһһȫһ˿òŮӣȴҶЩ⣬ôоҲ͹ڳʲôϵ
ѣɲй޶ǰģȹŮƺҶɵ⣬ź΢΢һЦһģ֮£ǳ֮ϡ
ԣҶɻع֪ԼЩʧ񣬲˼ЦЦ
ҶĳʧˣҶ˵˵һ䡣
ȹŮöһºڷ˵Ŀ΢΢һУЦ޷ҶѲǵһ˵ˣϰˣ
Ҷ˽ĵ˵ͷ˭ԼǰǰģҲûڴֱ̫˵˵⡣
̣Ҷѵ˼쳤ϴŽһ£Ҫ˶꣬ӦҲʲô߸ʲôܰɣȹŮ΢΢һЦȥ緲˼乫һ㣬һ˿߹֮
ҶЦЦڵҶĳིӼ£
޷Ҷ뻻ȡһЩᦣҲԸһЩ̫õȴ޷óϾڤھָŻġɫһ˵
ԣҶЦ⣬ڵӣ֪óֵȼĻᦣ
ŵֻҪǱԣԣҲԣᦵȼۣȼ߿óʵĹǣó׻ᦣ͵ȼԲʵɫһ˵
˶٣Ҷɴ𻰣ȻһЩͽ׵ĻᦣҪʮ׶ʮҲǿԳ۵ġ
ҶһǼ׸߼ᦣƾ͹ˣֻó׻ᦣе̫Сˡ
ӣ߼ᦲ֪εȼλۣȻҶĳָǳ֮ġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ǺԴ˴ﵽӤʵǶԼǲС棬ҶŶ߼ǣֻǶԷóֻõ׻ᦣе˷һʱˡ
Ҷѣʵ߼ᦲǲܳ۸㣬ǣڤҪ֮ãˣڤڻһأ߽ʤлᦱҪһЩġ̿˿ҶɣЦ˵
أҶЩɻһ
ȱģ󷨽ס꣬ҿнУڻ꣬ǿԽ׵ġ̽һ䡣
ԣҶƺʲôһ˫Ŀʱһڵӣֻ֪ʣһ˿΢Ϣǻ棬ɷڽ׻ָĻ᣿
΢΢һ㶣üҶˣ겢֮أҪ룬ſܴҽ׵ģֻһ˿΢Ϣǿûʲôġ
̵ĻҶ˳ĬϲԾ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫҲˣԺ֮УȴһӰᣡ
ҶһֱŬѰҽİ취ΪԽԽߣҶȴǸоϣԽԽã۽翪أҲ뿪ʼʱǰ쿪ҶһֱûǣԼҲţֻҪԼŬѰңûлɹġ
ҶѾҪ꣬Ҫˣɻһ䡣
Ҷɻع̾Ϣһڵ׻ᦣҶĳҪˣУͽ׵Ļᦣڴ۶٣Ҷĳ͹١
ã˵ĻԺһ£ȻҶһ۸񡣡̵˵ͷ
ˣǰ˵Ҳǲܳ۸߽׻ᦣ֪⣿ҶɺȻ̵Ļǰ˼
ŶҲûʲôǻأǸ߽׻ᦣǿܻٵĻһЩӳȥ֮ʱûʲô˺
ķ˽磬Ҫ⵽޴ˣ綨µĹأ˽ߣᱻͨɫһ˵
ԣҶ˽ĵ˵ͷ˻޵߽ʿȷǲηЩǣֻǵͽʿһЩǷ˽磬һƽٷ
Ͼ⣬ϡ֮أפŷˣżȥѡһЩʳڵĺͯɡ
ӼȻҪٵػᦣΪβܳ۸µģܻЩôѵʲôԭ򣿡Ҷɻ˵
ҶɵĻ̾ϢһпҶѿ֪Ǭɣڤһ򲻺ͣһֱ
ǰʱϸڤڵڲô˳ȥʱǬɱһӦ֮£Щڤڹơ
Ҷǰ֮ʱŻǰУڤһսҲڳϣشһδ顣
ڤʵЩʵ߽ײҲֻʣˣֳȥػˣǵڱ˻
ǬѾս飬ºǰڤ̫ϳϻţҲʲôڰǰ̫ϳϺľԪ֮£Ǵ˷
ԣ˷Ǭɽǵ̫ϳϽӣڤܵУǿǻǧϹ
ˣҲֻƴڣһԱлᦱԼĻأҲϧ
ζ˵˴£ϴŨŨĸˣңҲɫҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ҷϸĥ̵Ļ˼ãôһԱʵЩҪú֪ˣͳȥˡ
˼ڲԼҲ޷ʲô˵Լ˼ҵǿжǿأǿЩѶȣҪԼ߿ܶͬʱٿأǻɰգͬʱٿ߿ܣЩ췽ҹ̷ˡ
ȻˣҶĳȽǼ׻ᦽԺлᣬϣӺҶɫһ˵
ԣü΢壬Ƭ̣һ֣صҶѣиõѵõһĻأ౦ǿԶۼף֪ҶѣȤԣҶϲɫһ漴ü


308 Χ
֪Ӵ˻⣿ŶԷӦԼջصĻᣬ˵һĺ£Ҷȴǽ
ҶɵɫһЦֻ۾ЦеĿҶɡ
Ҷѿǽû˵ͰСĳ˵ҪЩ֣ѿԿһֻϣǬ֮ʱҶڤһ֮˵󣬺Ȼɫһ
ԣҶɫһԼȻ˽Ҳоڤûʲôʤ㣬ҶԷһϹ룬ɲ򵥾ܱסŵġ
Ǻǣǵҵ˵֮ǰӢۼ֪еǰ󣿡ҶɺȻ˵һ䡣
һ֣ŭŬ죬ȴû˵ʲô
ҶѣҳϱǺ⣬ֻڤҡҡ׹ԲμӵģҲʲô
ҶҲΪѣǬҲֻλԲѣһī˫һ̫ϳϽ㡣
˵ʵ۵ҳ϶Ƕ֣ҳֶԸī˫мְսشնɱġ
ԣϣҲѰæһʱƬ̣ʱڤһסᦣ߻أõóκζ˫ַϣΣ˵껰صĿҶһۡ
ҶԣȻһ֣֮ǰԼĻӱԲʵֱֲڤɻ꽣챦ԼĿܡ
ԣһ˵ҪԼԸԲһǧϹҶɲҡͷˣжԶԶ
˵ջСԺϣҪǶԸڣܿһڴԲǶõġ
Ǻǣʵ̫ҶĳˣҶĳȻҪҲ߲ǣңν˻ˣ¹պҲѰģҶĳܲšҶҡͷЦ
ҶѣȻһ˸ڤףûе㱾ǲŵģңҲһҪֶԸϹġ
оöԲߣԽƻ㣬Ǿòףɲ£;ǾҶҲԱȫֱߣ֤Ϲȥ׷㡣һ֣ص˵
ԣҶһǲԼ֣ҿ;ʱ˳ǿԲһ£ΪɢޣҲ̫ĵǬɣԼԥܴ϶ûһģǬҲûǸʵ̫Զ
ŶȻ˵ˣҶĳӵļƻ˵꣬Ҷ¶Ȥ֮ɫ

ԥϲһƽԭ֮ϣһεضмһ㽨ܲʱһӰͣ
㽨һңɫӡϡǬɣ
Ǭɴ֮ڣһ֮ϣòֿȥһ׶ģǬšī˫
·λ߽ףһ΢ЦĦȭƵӡ
ǺǣҲҪż滹аʱأЩ꣬һֱܵڤڵĴѹߣһǶԷ˶࣬ڤϲʵ֮¡
һˣϴ͵Ϯ֮󣬳ɹɱ߽ף˵һڳܣڶһȥڤˡ
˿ڤĻɢҪǣǰʱõϢڤ̫ϳԪľѾˣ˵꣬һЦ
ڤڱذܣţڤ߽Ǭһ࣬Ҳپʲôξ͹Ĵһķڷ
ԣ仨ˮ
˵ҷӢۼ·ӢǰȥòСһ
ʱ侮ʯͲˣ㣬ȥڤڣҪ֪ǏٴǬɲʵ൱Ҳ֡
ʲôҲҪ֣ڤڱذɰԸǸˣŶԸңⶼֵǶԸˣǺ
⵱Ȼûбʤİգṫս飿
ʤƽƺҲǬбڤ˿Ҳ޷Ǿһ̰ˡ
״ī˫˰֣·˺λ˷Ҳܴˣ˵ڤϼһˣػڣҵóȻɽ꣬»ƵǹǽԱأʯٵ³
˵ҪȻڿսжǵĺ·ضزȥٺ٣ʱɻὫһɱ
˵껰˵ī˫Ҳ˫Ŀ΢У񻺻ɨˣ󣬵ͷ΢΢һЦһصӡ

ʱ䣬գۼţ
ڤڴտյûʲô˰أһЩֲ꿴ȥЩήһƬƺǳڤδ³һ㡣
ʱƿһԶһֻʮɴСĺɫۼ֮£ǳڤڸ
ۻ䣬һӰԾ£󲿷ֶڵʿֻвʮ˵߽ףһ껺Ʈ·ۣ˿ڤڡ
ţڤھȻû˰أ⣡һüͷһ壬Щɲ˵
ԣī˫һ¶һ˿ЦڵĴͬھ·ˣȴᡣ
סڣһҲ׼ųӣҿܼ죿Ǿţٺ٣ī˫һЦ˵
ǣʱһ߽ףֱʮʿڤɽڷֻ޷
ī˫ķԸ£˲ʱĹڣһɫĹϼѶвʱ֮
ֱºڤȻûʲôī˫ɫЩڤлأ˾֪顣
ǱƼ̣Աɽȶڣǵȿֲ涼޷ֵһɽ꣬ȥҲǰ취
ī˫ЩΪѵʱ򣬺ɫ֮ϣһϵôѾͷͶ𣿡


309 ı
棬һֱϳսҵҲȥģī˫üͷһ˵һ䡣
Ǻǣ޷Ȼ˼ҲϳҾȥǣһ䣬һɫӰԷһһģ֮󣬱ǳڤ֮
һŰµߣĿɣͷϴżºۼ˫Ŀ֮ȴǾ˸ȥʮӡ
棬лأ򲻿ȥģʱī˫ɫһ˵һ䣬漴ڴ
ţԺ֮УǳһɫӰ̡ߣˣǽ֮彻ңοŪ˵زԲĴ֮壬˵Խٽһģٺ٣ī˫һ䡣
΢΢һЦڵǺǣѾͷΪϷһˣɽţ֮ˣҲͲˡ
ˣǬҲǴӴˣԭϷԪҲˣҲΪ£żǽʱٶҲٵġ
һصӣī˫˵ͷһصӣȫڸ̽ûκνƲ֮󣬲ŷ
ڴƿ˼ƣڤƽڴȴ˭Ҳûи롣
ֳһС죬΢΢һˢһһɫţǰԭյĵطǳһ˿Ť֮⡣
ףɲһ˿ɻ֮ɫţɫ΢ĵҿˣ˵ؾȻصĽƣ
˵껰һģԶȥǳһ
ɢӴ֮ʱڤڴ΢΢һۣ֮
һɫĹֱϣ̼䣬ܣͬʱؽƹ֣˶С
˾ԶȴǱһ֮ڣйơ
һĻ̫ԤϣĪ˵ˣȻǴ⣬ЩƴǻڴԭӦǲɽ֮ڵģôᱻѾͷ˳ڣ
ЩҲ⣬Ѿͷ˸Ϸ֪˲ɽ꣬ΧۺϣԲ´Ⱥˡ
Ȼ˴󣬾Ӧɢ΢Լǰڷ֮ɨΣûзһо˵ī˫˷ֲҲ⣬ԼȷʵӦ÷ֵġ
ڴƽʱ˴󣬸оһ˿ֱƿҲ˷⼸ġ
һɲ¶ɻ֮ʣɽڣʮӰΪ׵ģŰµֱ̣ǴңԼҶɡ
߽ףԼڶ̤ᦣƵڵӣ
ϻɨһۣ漴ĿҶɵϣڵŶԭѾͷ󷨸ˣȻԽнƲ
˶٣㿴˿Ҷɣ֪γƺԥ֮ˣ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵһɢޣͲͷѼǹˣЩ󷨲ǵСˡ
ǺǣλѹȻҲܳƵϵСϷⱲӿǰ׻ˣַԼ󷨱һ㲻ڤܹġ
ֻϷЩ棬˶侮ʯ£Ȼ˳ȣٺ٣Ҳ֪ڤڸʲôô
ĪѾͷ֮㣬ͻƿѾͷԲΪŴ֮ȷʵףһͻƿ֮ˣѾͷϻ֮ʣȷʵӼֽ׼ʵġ߷ǵûŭ⣬Ȼ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɲһ࿴ۣ˵ɫںܹͻƿĶҶȻҪۡ
ߵĻټϸܵҶɵ񣬲ɵһ죬һ˿ŭ
ѣ˴ͣῪ˵˵ߣƺЩ˷ִ磬͵һҶɣæĿ˻
ҵ֮ˣ¯˫֮Ѿͷͬ˰ɬܻ䣿ϷȷλͻƴԲ֮ġ΢΢һЦ˵ȴȻһ˿䡣
ʵҪƻߺĹϵ̵֪ӣ˵ȽףҶһа֮ͽ˽֮Σ֮ʾͻҪЮ̣³֮˫֮¡
һ̷ԣҶɱпܷǳûӦҶɣڤڻܺ󣬰̽ҶɣҶɱлᵹǬɡ
ֻϧ㿴ҶɣͬʱҲСڤĿеҪԣ
˶̸֪˸岻죬Ҳ㿪˵Щʲôֻǵȴλ콻̸ī˫Ҳû׿ڣ˫ĿȴЩȵĶǽεġ
κһˣΣʱ̿ܶ˵Σʱ̣Ҳҷԣ˫Ǻѣԭϵ
ֻǣҶڤȻûʲô飬˿ֻ᲻ҪǼֱɵӡ
ҧгݵĿŽ㣬Ҫ˵ЩʲôҶȴɫһȻת˿̣¶һصЦݡ
ʵڱ޷ͻƿҶǲῼ˫֮ģԼͻƴԲƿҪóһʱ䡣
˵ǶҪһЩڵ꣬ҶɻǺԸģԭΪ˺顣
˵Щ侮ʯĸоҶɲǿȣôһõĻǰȡǼֱɵӣ˭Լȡ档
ҶЩ΢Ц¶ıóѵЦݣҲǸܵҶɽԼֻоԴ˵һ
ҶЦЦ̿ڵӣˣҶĳΪԼȡһЩ棬ӦòΪɣ뻻˭ģҶĳֻҪ㣡
û˵̼꣬æһ֣ҶɵĻü΢Ŀ˿ڤڼλϣԼλӡ
вɵðٰζڤһܻԼǰҶֲõģֻҪһˣͻųˣʱڤҲͲˡ
һǬһ򾡵ĺûᣬΪ˾Լ¶һҽԼʦΪڤڣΪһɳϵӣ˫Ŀһգ̾Ϣһ
漴˫ĿһҶɵҶѣӦ㣬³ɺ󣬽֮彻㣬ͻƿҸǷ˵꣬һתͷڿҶɡ
һڤ˵ը˹һ˽Ϲһû뵽̵ӾȻӦˡ
Ҷԣ΢΢һ㶣ԼҪ̵Ĵ֮壬Ϊ˺ȡص꣬ǺһɲˣôԺҲܾؽһ
뵽Ҷһڣæڽ͵ȿȣӣˣҶĳҪԺ󾭳
סڣҶѣϣ㲻Ҫôˣ֮彻ͻƿò㻹ҪҪԺ󾭳˵ɫͨס˻΢ŭĿҶɣⲻҶƿԣЦã


310 ս
̵䣬˲͵ЦҶ侮ʯȻһףõӵĴ֮󣬾Ȼ̱ҲϷŹ
ٴ֮ɫҶɲݣҶԽΪ̣ǬԽǸˡ
Ǵ쵽Ӹһ˫Ŀ֮оû뵽Ҷɿ˾ӣȻ˷ŵ֮ˡ
ȿȣҶһɫһ˿ûζ˼
ӣϣҶĳѻ˵꣬ҶĳҪ㴿֮壬ҪеĴ꣬Ժ󾭳ȿȣҶĳؼһ±㽫仰˵ҶҲǳ˿ͬʱҲЩơ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣Ҷѵӻ˲ɣҪ޷Ǿǻ࣬˯ˣԺʲô߼ᦲģҲٴ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ҪڸлȴǰԼ˵Ļˢһ±ø
ɫһΪȥĺϼֱҶɵҶѴ˻棿
ѵӷҪ׳֮壿Ҷɷһ䣬ȴЩŭɫǰǺһͨ䡣
ü΢壬ЩɻѵԼͻƿĴ֮壬󣿶Էֲǹޣ˿Լ˫ĿŹ⣬ҶɾȻ⡣
Ҳ˿ͬʱЩ΢΢ƣԼǲѾûͻƿĻᶼˣ
ҶѣǰˣԲ𣡡һ֣صĵЩ˼ĿҶɡ
޷ֻҪӴӦҶĳҶĳ취סһᣬȡʱ䡣Ҷ˵꣬˿̡
ãӦ㣬ҶСģԭֻһͨĳ滰ʱ˵ܸоЩŤ
ߣǲˣԭΪ˷СӾͻὫǷųȥΪ˴󣬾ͿסϷ򣿡ʱȴЦ˵һ䡣
ְɣҹζ࣡Ҷɳ˵
ãɴشӦһ̴λԼӣֱӳī˫˱Ĵ
ֻī˫һԲûн֧ţغܿͻܣֱڴ֮УϾڤڿ̣Բġ
̵˳󣬽üͷһ壬һ˿֮ɫַ̧ųһ⼣߰ߵͭһĳ˰ա
ţͭڰ΢΢һĿ⣬ţ۵һһɫܽƹ֮ϡ
΢΢һǰɫĵطǳصŤ֮⣬޴İҲûиԭڹһΣͿԽƿһ㡣
״Ҷɲüͷһ壬˵ЩڤڵĲ֮ǰҶҲϸʵСģû뵽ֻһ֮ЩƳ
˿ǹͭҶɲ˫ĿһУԭڴ֮Уһûôˡ
Ҳ֪ԷûпܣûеĻԸǻһЩΣҲʹ÷߶ڤԼΣ֮УϾ˵˶ࡣ
ֻҪԼУߣҲҶõģԲڴ˵ƴġ
뵽Ҷһಣһâӭ籩֮£ȻΪһ߽ɫܣϼһŽȥ
߼ܣɫһ˵һ䣬ԭͭŴĹȻһתŽɫܺȥ
ء
һ죬޴ĽɫűѶɫͬߵķݣԶɶص˽ƹ֮ϡ
ţɫϼһվΣٴ߳ȥ
״Ϊͷ۵ķųһɫǹһǹϼһΪСſܳȥ
״Ҷһ˦ϼһʮڽӲӵķɽӭײ˻ɫǹ֮ϣһı֮
ۿſܳ嵽ǰһȴǲӲݹһ漴εͬʱһ۵һû֮ͭڡ
˵һͭâ浹ת̼䣬һɫ˲˿ܵжٻҪӽ㣬Ǳһߵİɫɣٴýɫ
״˫Ŀһе˿漴˿Ҷɡ
ߣٲ֣ϷҪƿˣ˵̧꣬һ㣬һߣٴκһɫصһص䵽˽ƹ֮ϡ
һ󶼲Ҷɲ˫ĿһУϧС໹ڳ˯ֲױ¶£һǽ˹֮ڡ
ĳңңһ㣬˵һܾһŤȻ䣬˾ǳһƬϿգ·ǸƣȥԶӡ
ߣȻл֮Ч״ûʲô֮ɫ漴дʡ
ռ΢΢һܺȻޱȣһſžڵһȼܺһкȻּƬϼ
з΢΢һ٣ռȻΪһƬ𺣣Ҷɸо¶ȿֲ쳣ϱĻۡ
һСĿռ䣬һϸϸˮǽǹ赲档
죡һŭȣؼȻһƬȥֲȫܺڸǣһСͷ­Ļϯſֲ쳣ĸ£Ҷɵ˷ҶһҶȥ
״Ҷɼæ·һŤ֮󣬺ȻһƬһһĹ㼤߽һ˶ȥ
ûȳ嵽ǰǱܵĸ»Ϊ˻ҽ
ͬʱҶɳ·һ㣬ˢһм䣬ȻһУһֵˮ
ţձǳһſŵɫ꣬Ϩ˲٣¶ҲǽһЩ
żżĻҶһֳźһץˮҶһۣ˵һһɴСɫȻУ漴ŸĻһնȥ


311 ˫˫ش
ء
죬һſŻ򱻱һսɢĻҶϯȥǱ֮âһһЩмϨ
ΪܻϨ˲٣ԽԽֳ棬߽һ˶ȥֻЩԲʵ֣ȴĻҲ޷ƿʲô˺
״Ҳһһģʧֻʣ˶ңңԣԼܻƴıԼ·Ǹɿ
˴˿̣ҶҲЩо˵Լۺ࣬ʵƺǻǰ£Ҷɲ²⣬ԲУӦǶĴˡ
ȻˣҶҲҴ⣬˵߾ʲôδʩչĺ֡
ʱ߽ɫһ˫ַ任ͣԭЩϨĻ𻨣ٴϼţŰл۶ȥ
һһֱɴСĻ򣬻۶ɣܵĸ£Χռ䶼ЩŤȥЩֲֿܲ¶ȡ
ֻǻռ䣬ʵռ䣬ʩչŪŤҶɻԥĵͷܣΪֶεͨǻӤϹ֡
޴Ļ򻺻۶ɣɢһɹɿֲѹҶɲҳɣ֮ת֮£һɫ˿ߣ˳ֱ۹עȥ
ţһɶ೤ĽɫιһҶɿȫʩչն˺Ļ֮ҶɸоЩ
ĿǰԸȼ֮ˣҲûҪɢιһ֮ʤʤʤʩֶΣϾԼԪޣõĺľ֮Ҫ֮زز
ɽǸոԪӤͬ޵֣ݴ˲СŴɽڡ
Ϊչ伣˻ӤԲĶ֣䣬ԶӦļʴһЩ
ٳɣҶһ֣ιгǾ޴ĻһնȥڰջһĻߡ
ݣ
ֻùϼһιбն˻֮ϣţһı촫ռΪ֮һ
һѤõľ޴űѶɢȥɫһȻһѰɴСĽɫιУԼһն
ſһ磬ۣһѪɫһպûǰţݹһα˶
أһ졣
ιնڹ֮ϣ̼䱬Ѷֲನһ˲佫ûС
ϼɢನܹ󣬽һĻɢ¶ɫ԰׵ӰҲǹһѪһϢҲʼǰǿᡣ
˫֮УȴȻһδķĿҶɣͬʱҲһ˿ء
Ͼʹ߼˵һٴθֳһ棬ԭѾɢľ޴գۼٴγɡ
зһ٣̧ңңһ㣬ǿŻһ֮ҶȻĿбѶ
ɢһֻ淭ڣ˫Ŀ˸źâˣڻѿĵطγˡ
һĻҶɲ˫Ŀһ΢΢һЦ
СӣȻھߣҲûôˡ˵껰ߴһӣ৵һ£ڶܣȻһɫ֣С
صһһ̤ܿռ΢΢һ𣬾޴ȭͷ߸߾Ҷͷ­һҶȥ
״ҶһʮĿڽɫɽһ˼ȥ
ۣڷɽ˲䱻һķɣ֮ڷɽնھ˵ϣֻǱѳһŻ𻨣һ˿ڱǻָһȭȥ
޷֮£Ҷɼæɫƻͷϣ漴Ǹоһɾϡ
صһ
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ͨһ¡
ȻһСӣҶɵΣ˲䱻û֮С
ҲЩˣ˵Ϸ֮ʱЩ޷ӳȫһϷһЩȴǲ٣޺ˡƺͶ˽ƹ֣˿Զսţ֮⡣
ӣֳ̧һ㡣
һ·ӷȥһжû֮֮ˣµᱬ
֮ҲԻشֻǳ飬߷ǿʼͭܵ
ʱ˸ӱߣһȭҪ·㻹ûô£Ӵصһ
ŵŵţʮಽ֮Զ˲ſסΡ
ţڽһ𾪵Ŀ֮Уһֻ߹ɣͷɫǣһ֮ɫۼ׵ľ޴ħ֮һ̤

һߣڤ߽ףսǬʿռһϷ磬Ǭֻī˫һԲڤڣλԲĴڡ
ԴսڤڿνǴȫʤǬأΨһǼڵ潯ĳ֡
ʣˣִ𣿡һĮĿűΧˣ˵˵вʱĿԶȴһ˿֮ɫ
Ǭɴ䲻ֻ߽ʣ˶ѣҶشī˫Ҳǹһ˿Ѫ
ߣôżһҼֻҪƿ󷨣ͻὫ˻ɱΪԵסĲī˫һЦ˵
УҶɸûбϣ֮㳤ʱûг֣ǱסӪֻǳ飬ҶҲֻһ;
ī˫ô룬ҲףʱԽҶԽǲǵҶɵİΣҶһߣǽƴƿơ
һӳĻżԼҳ֣ҲԵֵ˵Ļ˷жʧܲ˵ڤҲ᲻ˡ
սپϽǻɱڹȥֶԸ㣡˵ķԸһ䣬м֮ɫŨ
˵ƴȥǵȷûʤ㣬һķأǿһʱġ˵껰ī˫̧ӳһֻɫС롣
ӭ籩֮ڳ£һɢһɫ֣Сߣҿ˭ܵˣī˫һɫ˵
ŶڵĻǾͲ˷ʱˣʱһӵڴ֮д˳
ͬʱһߵʬ壬Ӹ߿׹£պóǰ״˲ɫһ䣬һ֮ɫ


312 ̳
棿ôܣī˫ߵʬ壬ɵһ㶣漴ɫĿҶɡ
˼״¶֮ɫʵǲ󣬻ǧԲ棬ȻҶɵС
̵ˣҲһ֮ɫ˫𾪵ĿҶɡ
ӣҶĳƺǰˣҲżˣǱסֻҪǣסҲӵҶɿ˿̣˵˵һ䡣
ã̻عЩÿҶɵ˷лҶѣһᱨ𡭡һ٣ƺʲôһ졣
ʣˣϷӦȻȥɣҶ̸̸׵顣ʱҹһЦ˶˵Ρ
ԣҶɿһ̣üһ壬ڵ쳤ϣҪ⼸ˣ󻼡
ֻʣ˶ѣˣҵֻЩģûʲôƣԸ˵Ǵ´࣬ҲǱȽϷġ
İɣҶѳСǺúдһɣʵڲУϷԼĻᦱ׳Ҿ˵˵һ䣬Ŀ˿Ҷɡ
᲻쳤ϵ˼ֻɫĮĵ˵ͷ쳤ϣСһЩʲô⣬֪ͨǡ
˶٣̿ҶɡҶѣ룡˵껰һƣҶɵ˵ͷȷɳ˴
˿̿û˸СҶˣ㱵Ҷɻص˴֮УһƷ裬һ˵ʲô
Ҷѣе֮꣬ԺػָһЩĻҶԺҲԾڤڣʹûؼġ˵⡣
Ǳлˣ౦Ҷһ䡣
˻أҶѾͱǻᦱˣЩ֮еǣҲڻյģҶѣҲ˷Щϡ
ѿǧҪСأʱˣغ󣬵ѻҪᦣӦһҲ٣㼸һЦ˵
˴˻Ҷɷ״ԲӦûʲôˣ˷ҲæǽͭƽҲЧҲ䵽ҶɵС
ӣ֪ҶĳʱȥҶƷһ裬˵һ䡣
ԣǳǳһЦһ㷢˵Ҷ㼱ģֲᷴڣոմսϣϢա
һϾزԽĵطֻſԽȥҲǷŹģǡˣպ󣬱õѽȥġ
һ˵Ҷɵǲڴߴʲô仰˵һ룬ҶҲûᣬֻҪӰԼʹûأĶԼûʲôϵ
ͷӦҶ󱻰һҡ
ڶգڤڴֻҶˣȥĸ󻼣Ҳ¶Цݡ
˷ǶҶѣû뵽ʵ֮ǿ΢Ц˵
ԣ˫Ŀһ䣬Ҳ쳤ƼҸȥ˵ģϾֻᦵġ
ǺǣϷһǰȴ˿ûоɫ߲ô˶ʵˣҲûϵʵǿᵽ˵ز̾Ϣһ
ҳû˵ʱ̲ںݿʲôҲһֱ쳤ϵһ㡣
쳤ϵ۹⣬ڤһ̺ȻɫһЩмĿ˿쳤ϡ
о֮ҲҿųģڤھϷļңûˣϷʵ޷ܵġ쳤ϸпһ䡣
պһῪأ˷ҲΥѵŹˣΪţҲֻˡЩε˵һ䡣
ԣҳüͷһ壬˼ʵҲһҪΥѵģǵ˵Խأ˫ްҲǿԽȥģȻҶ´󹦣֮ǰҲӦ
û˵꣬Ǳ̴ϣɫһ˵쳤ϣôҲ˵˽ֻˣ
쳤һЦ̾Ϣ̣֮ǰǬһֱϷûж˵ڣѹ̫ϷҲˣ͸ʵɡ
ʵϷǸоԼĴ޽ˣǺǣϷҲҪ׷ѰȥˣҲǺܷģҶǡ
쳤ϣĪҪ˵ˣǿҲһԸ飬֮ǰ֮嶼ܾ˸ɴ࣬ΪССڤڣңҲû˼ɫһ˵ȥһҲЦӡ
ϷͲˣܴõģˣһЩڴҪ²һ£Ǭɸ˻֪ԺϷȥһٿǵļҵףٺ١˵껰Щįվͬһ˼ĳĺһ㣬ȥ
̳Ĭãһ˿ãƬ̺󣬱Ǳһɼ֮ɫȡֽշȭ̴һ

պڤĳռڣ
ʵĻɫ󣬹Ǻ֮ʱ˵ؿȥһƼ̳Ĵڡ
ܿտյмһߵʯ̨̻һЩֵķģԼһֻֻ֪ͼ
˸ŽʯΧʯ̨ܣӳһƬɫĻ̳ΧȥЩӡ
Ļ֮У֮ɫĹӰʱֶ˫Ŀɺ죬ǻûʱΪҰ޵̬ŽɫĻ֮צȥ˿ֲ
ʱ̳һһ֮ϰ׹һɫӰһҶ̶ˡ
˸һ֣Ҷɱüͷһ壬о˴ռͬһ㣬ʿԲóġ
´ǿһۼ̳漴Ҷ˵Ҷѣ˴ǻأΣԤϵĿһ


313 
ҶҲû뵽˴׳ۣͷų¼ڤڣҲոЩǿ꣬ҶɶԸΪͷۡ
ǺǣȷǱҶĳԤϵ׳ۣڤڵȷЩ̵ģҶɵͷ˵һ㹧ά֮⡣
˵ҪֱϣԼһЩ꣬Ļұ޷ڤˣ˵Ҷɵı˴һգܾҶɴ˲ĽǶȴ⣬ԲСĽһ䡣
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵģҶĳʧŵġ
ȡһƣż̳һӣ৵һ£ɫĻ֮ϣȻһСУֵǣһҲӲ
״̵˵ͷڵҶѣѾ򿪣ģɷģȳȥˣҶѽ֮ͨǴɷأڴ㣡
ãҶɴӦһĿ뿪΢΢һЦȡڤɻ꽣
ǣеˣ˭ҵˣҪ㡭ףôأǣۻ̳̫ˣһһܵеӡ
俴֮󣬱˫ĿŹ⣬ˮֱ˷
ôʵܷˣҶɿ˿飬Цһ䡣
һС;ۻ̳ѣ͵ĺҲɵֻǣҪȽϳʱ䣬ǣûϵԽȫɻ꽣֮ڣȻ
ҪôһԻָӤʵˣҲлˣȫ̵˵꣬ǴӣҪĻ֮ڡ
ȵȣҶɼæֺֺЦĵǽģֻܸ֮Ҫ˼һġ
ԣһ㶣漴ͷף׼õģһǣ
һ䣬ܺâһϯڤ񽣣Žɫϵһȥ۵һûڲӰ
ţҶɱǼһʧɫ֮Ĵѡ˫ĿŹ⣬һ֣ܺϼһǽһЩڽ֮ڡ
֮һ㣬̰Źڵֱ꣬׷ϵһҽϣԽ˷
״ҶϥĬĬز˸߽׿֮
º󣬽ɫϵ΢΢һЩó˳ʱĻһۣ֮ޱȵʧ䣬ȻͬҪԶеˣ̰Ŀڼǲ֪ǷԼŮһ㡣
ˣ´ʲôʱһһͷҶɣ˵һ䡣
ı飬Ҷɲ΢΢һ㶣Ц´Σٴ۳꣬˵ʲôʱˣлᣬĵطٸЩ֮
ģǣлˣ֮ǰһɨգϲЦտƺǶҶɵĻڴ
߰ɣǸóȥˣҶ˵껰һһ½ڤڣҶǽڽһգ̤˴
鲢û꣬ҲûнףϾҶɽúһЩȻΥҶɳ´һ
˵һâһҶɵģ漴ʧ
ڤĳصĴ֮ڣذȹһ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢գ̴ϵĴš
һ֮ϲһ𣬰âһ֮Ҷɵֶһ̣漴˴
ŶҶٶ죿״һϲһһͨĻᦱҲҪʮ֮á
Ҷôǲ̫꣬̿պȱֲ֪֮Ǻֱ顣
ţо࣬ԾͳˡҶ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ˫Ŀһ䣬΢ЦҶѣȥɣ˵껰̴Ҷɣ뿪˴˴ռ䡣
ڤڣ֮ڣ
Ҷɣ̣Լˣƺʲô
ҶѣµĻڤСסһʱգϷܻӭҶѵģٺ١ҿ˿Ҷɣ˵һ䣬漴Ŀ˿̡
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵλʢ飬ҶĳˣԺ£ٹݷöλҶĳҪҼϣԾͲˡ
ŶҶѲ֪Ҫʲôϣɫһʵ
Ҷû˵һһöֶ漴һ׶ȥӹʶһĲ鿴
Ƭ̺üһ壬ݸҳϣ漴΢΢ҡҡͷ
ҶҪĶòҲûʲôϢܻͬЩªˡǸ˵һ䡣
ǺǣªţϷҲֻ֪ﰡҶҪĶǼϡȱĲϣ²һʱܹҵģʱϷˣҶѴһ£һϢڴҪҶѡҳ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ̿˿ҳϣ漴ȡһöŷҶɣԱҶ֮á
лλˣˣҶĳ͸ˣҶնŶ˹˹֡
֪޷סҶɣҲûȰʲô˼䣬Ҷ뿪ڤڣҳϷ֮ʱһ˼֮ɫ

ºһƽԭϿգһɫӰӹ֮£ʧʡ
ˣҶɡ
ڤĳǳرǣʶҶɴȥܷҵ֮պҶɵӰһƬϿվ
һ߷ɶݣҶһüͷɻ֮ɫ漴Ƿɶݶȥ
һºһƬϿգҶɵӰԶ֮£ǳ˺֮ϡ
Ҷɱ˰ߣ漴һתĳ˵λѣһ£֪кιɣ


314 غ
һǰҶɱǸо˸٣ֻǵȷǹϢʵޣҶɻΪԼˡ
һҶȺɲⲻҶСоƺɺϡ
һڣǹϢȴٴʧˣҶȴǼǵǹϢڵλá
Դڣʶ֮ѳԽһЩԲ˵ڻӤ¼ûԼʶ֮ǿģλǬɵţʶ֮ҲǱҶɲһЩ
˻شҶ˫ĿһУһৣһƬϼϯʮڽɫɽһģĳ˵һնȥ
أһ졣
ǴյλãȻֳһɫƣһ߱ǽ轣סţһŽ£ڲӰڶƺֶ
ͬ˼Ĵ̿ģҶ΢΢һ㶣ֻϡֱΪ۷壬òȴǱס޷̽飬ʶ֮һɨǱڲء
ף״ҶЩ֮ɫ
ӣҲЩɲȻҶɷ٣˴˵ϣЩɻĿҶɡ
λѣȻӦøҶĳһɣҶɫȻ˵ȴЩصӡ
˿˿ҶɣȻоһַ̧ųһںɫУҶɼţҲҶɾʲôƣݹһԶȥ
ߣһߣ
ҶһΣڤȻУǰһصһɫеס漴һԾڿնź׷϶ȥʮڽ轣ǱҶ
׷һᣬҶɷִ˶ʱ̫ʲôȦףʶһ֮£ĴˣҶɱâһ
ৣɫ쭷һҶ˲仯ΪһӰ
ǰŬӵĺӣȻ˫ĿһһṦҶɵӰǳǰסȥ·
شҶĳĻҲĳֻԼѻˣ˵껰Ҷֳֺڽźһȥ
һ˦ಣһźɫԲ鼤ҶɼæӳһԲ֮ϣصһԲ鱬Ѷ
һ̣һƬհĺɫϯʶ֮ЩӰ죬ռ䶼һƬҪȥ׷ӣɲô֮ˡ
ʱҶɱ˫Ȼһȣৣɫ쭷ɫһʧҶ˫ĿһգոոӦһ˿ӵλã˫һӰʧ
һṦҶɳʼ򶷵ĵطǿڵϵĺɫʧǵ˾⸽ʧġ
ֻֿܣһԶݶߣҶӦûôֲĶΧ
ֻǷԲСҪȷһ˵λãʵЩ԰쵽񵱳Ҷ׷ԼڶƤ£һ޷ҵԼ
ƽ轣˼طҲûм¶ΣҶɲüͷһ壬ǼɽţֱߣԼɽһ˶ѡأȻûѡ
ҶתƬ̺˫ĿһУ૵ΣյĵطҲȫ䣬Ҷɿƽ轣ʼĵطһնȥ
ţҶ˫ĿһУضǴտյա
أһ졣
һɫһĵסɽӵΣڴֶֻ˫Ŀ֮УѾ¶ŨŨĽ֮⣬һ˿𾪡
Ȼߣ˭ģҶ˵ţжûּ̧ͣʮڽ轣΢΢һһֶȥ
״ӵһ̧ɫӭ籩ǣأн轣ֵ
ʱֳڤҶɣȴǳԣͷ­һ
״ӾȻҲʹκαֱ̧֣ͷһصһ죬ĽڵѶ
Ҷɷֱ֣֮ϣΧһɫ֮Ҳ֪ǺֲϣֻǱڽһ֮һѺۣӵΣǵдһƺߡ
ӣӦǴδֲ֮ñҶ׻ɣסΣҶٴιȥ
֪Ҷ֮ǿᣬڲӲӣͷųŨŨĺοˣͬʱһѺɫгҶɼ
Ҷٴαں֮УԷֱ棬Щգѿʵһ㣬ֻı£ǱҶǿ˲٣Ƕ֮һΣգųߣڵʶĺɫҶȴʹϡ
ɫһ֮£˫Ȼһȣݳ˺ֵķΧҶ˺ԵϿա
ҶɿԿ϶˾Ͳ⸽ȴҲҲ˵λã˵ıҲٴʧ
Ƭ̣ҶɫЩ˴ӳֵڣһ仰û˵ƺʼҲûжֵ˼ֻԼ
ԽԽҶɵĴ˵Ŀģ˼Ƭ̣ҶҲȥˣɲȥѰ֮ҲһҪѴ˸
һ˦ৣһƬϼϯһ˿ڽ轣ڰһڸ֮ڣÿһռ䶼µķն
º󣬸ռϣûз˵ټҶβƷɽһȦȦնÿһա
º󣬸ſռ䣬Ȼûзֺ˵ټҶɵɫ̧һ㣬ɫɽŵһնȥ۵һû˵¡
ȻûУҶɱǽΧ˵£˵ЩҶҲûʲô£Ҵ˲ҳҶЩ񲻰ӡ
ͨһǲҶģֻҪһжȻйһЩױ˷֣Ҷɵʶ֮ʱţ۲ŷԲڵĶ
Ҷٴʧˣ¼ɵķΧ轣һ飬Ҳûзִ˵٣Ǵ˻ڣѱ轣նˡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһε轣վΣԶȥ䵤֮ڣ֮ȴȻת


315 
Ҷɻ߳һξ룬񸽽˲л㵽̫ԶѾԶ룬ֿܲûС
Ҷ˵ϸȻһطûý轣նǸطǣǰҶǴԲϾܿƽ轣Լնһͨġ
һطҪûУҶҲֻ뿪ˣҶɵڣȴһֱûбֳʲôȥƺѰһ㡣
ǰι˵ֵ漴ܣһΣܷҵˣҶҲ׼̽ˣһشնɱ
Ҷɸ߳ûԶȻתв֪ʱĳһСĽɫιУһ֮£ǰҶڷһնȥ
ݣ
ιٶȼ죬һ±ǳҶǰĸʱһڶֶ״Ҷ˫ĿһУ°âһ
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ţһźµӰһںɫУΪһ˶ߵĵǰĹ˴ĵɶ
˿дһƺߣһھѪɾ˶ʮ֮Զصײһɽ֮ϣסΡ
ֻ˿̵ĺãѪģϺѪɫһϢޣ¶ŨŨĿ־֮ɫ
״Ҷɲ˿ҪܣҶֻϵùˡ
ߵǰҶڣ˵˭ģΪθټҶĳ
п־彥ʧȡ֮ǣȻָƽԼ˿֮󣬱¶֮ɫ
ˣһ̧һѸһϢǣ졣
ãҶɼ״˫һȣεʱ˿һͺȡ
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Ҷ˵죬ҲûԶʱ򣬱Ǳǹನ˽ȥ˲ûΡ
Ҳ֪˶ãƺһʱƺһ죬ɢϼ¶ҶɵΡ
˿̣ɫ԰ףǹŵѪһϢ˲٣ȥ˲ӣֻҶɵɫЩ˫ĿźԱĵط
ЩƣҶƺû⣬ֻǴԱԼѻĻᶼûУֵˣµġ
ҶûмԼƣǴɨһսﶼ˺Աĵط
ڸѰã˺˵ĴǼɫҲһҶɱת뿪׼Ҹطȵһơ
ףҶתɲǣһĨ΢ĺâĳһ£Ҷ˫ĿһУۿһ
յһץǴ΢΢һһڹ⼤ವһ䵽ҶɵС
￴ȥһöƣ֮ɫֻһѪ޵ġ֣ǿһͼȥޱȡ
Ҷɽɫ漴ݹһԶȥ
һºҶһƬ·ϥĿϢ˷ƵأϢ£Ҷɱǻָ۷塣
ֻǣҶɵɫȴÿΪ˵ĵ飬Ҷڴ˷һµʱ䣬ʱ䵹㲻ʲôؼǣԼ޷Ū˸ԼĿġ
˼ãҶɵһһֻУҶϣڴУܹҵһЩ˿
һ̣Ҷʧˣһ֮ɫԲ飬ھͿһҶɴͬʱҲɻ
˵ĴУһЩͨﶼûеģһʯҲûз֣ѵԤϵԼҲǲܵ顣
ĬãҶɽɫԲǺ֮ʱãҶ˵ԺҲһЩó
ҲգȻ˱նɱ˵Ժ󻹻ģҲȥǣǿҲҵģлŪµġҶҰοһ䣬漴ݹһǷȥ
ҶҪ֮ǴչԼԪ޷һ׻ӤڣʱҲһЩ˵Ҳᰲȫһ㣬֮Ӧûжˣ˻ӤϹ֣ҲһıǮ
ºҶɵһľϿվڼ䣬һֱʶţעܵĶڱ˸٣µʱ䣬ȴһֱҶҲûзʲô˵ĸ١
ǣڤһǳأǳ۵һЩϣһƻıЩϵҲУֻ˵һЩ
֮еɢޣҲϰЩɢ֮УЩ˲ںԼռ꣬ǲȡֶΣֱӲɱˣȡԼᦵ
˵㷱һЩӦоУҪǴ˵Զһٰ̣ᣬѰѰ֮Ͼ֡
ҲˣǲŻ˷֣ۼʿ
⣬һƬԭϿգһɫӰٶ֮죬ģ֮󣬱ǳһߣˣҶɣ
ʱҶɸ·ٶȲ죬һֱСͣͣʼûзʲô쳣ˣҶɽҲͷҲ˼֡
˵ˣҶɽ֮һֱδֻǲ֮ǰǰͣͣĵг̡
һգԶһҶɵӰԶǷȥպ·Ͽա
Ȼˮɽ
ӰԺһһɫź£ڲ棬˫¶˷֮ɫסҶǰĵ·һĦȭƵӡ
״Ҷɲ˫ĿһУɫ


316 羫ʯ
ڳˣҶɿ˿ˣһ˵ֻһڣ˽۷塣
Ҷɵһڵʿһ˿ɻѵͷǣ
Ҷɴ𻰣ڵʿһ֣ڵ˵ǷǣˣͶģٺ٣λѣϻ˵ֱӶֱǡ
˵껰һӣৣһڹ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһСĺɫᦡ
ţ̧֮£ҲǸԷųһ޴ĺɫᦣ󣬹Ǻɫ˼˵ΧҶɵӰҲС
˿ˣҶüͷһ壬ЩɵĿһۣϲûʲôȥƺɵһ㣬һ
״˲΢΢һЦһ˺ɫ֮ϣȻӿһһ֮£
˵Ҳ󣬺ƣһֶֻֻһźɫҶһȥ
λѣСѾɵˣֶˣҲǼһˣڵĺ˷Ц
ʱҶһһڳɫ̼䣬ǽ˵ӰûС
ǣö꣬ҵˣֻ·һһ֣Ǵ
Ҷһ˳˺ɫţźɫֵķΧһĲҽдʱ˸һײʱĹϼ
ʲô
ң
ǣǱˣ
ҽ⼸һӶ򽻵ζ벻һ죬С
պ󣬺ɫһֻᦻͻͻĺԣһֻҲûʣ¡
ܺƣһѽڛBڵõ߰˰ˣʵҲǴﵽԲʵ
ԸкڵʿԵ쳣ɣЩ˵ı黹պÿƣںڽ֮ϣҶɵһڡ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУڵ˭ģ
ԣϵĺڲʧһݣֻһ֮ɫҶɵĻȴЩɻӡ
λǹջڴ·ɢޣȡҵȻɫĿҶɣͬħһ㣬͵һۺ飬ɵһ
ϣҶɻ˵һ䡣
ǸղǸҲʵߵģ꼱æһ䡣
Ƭ̣ҶһһöƳУ̻һѪɫ֡
ϵôҶʵ
״ã΢΢ҡҡͷڵʶûˣŹС˰ɡ
Ҷɶûгֻ֣һǽ˻ɱ϶Ǵаûڲѡ
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СǵһΣԵһΰԺԲˡ޴˵ôҲһߣصʱ߻緲˱ֵǰ㵭
Ҷɿ˿꣬¶˼֮ɫ
ȻҶɶͷһâԼ俴һɫٶ֮죬ֻһģ֮£۵һûͷ­֮ڡ
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һҲ͵Ϯ߳䲻⻹УҶҲ׳֣Ͼһʶ֮ǿĶ֣û˵ˣԼȴܵɡ
ԸһڣشսľˣҶɻаյģҲһʶ֮
˵ҶɸоļЩƣǲ˺壬ֲȫһˣһܵ˺
ʶ飬ٶȼ죬Ҳ˺ǣֻʶ˶ʱǴ߽ͣɿһ㣬ֻʣ»ǵĻˣʶᱻȫɢ
ҶɶԴѻ֪Щ˵ȷڴ˵·٣ҶɵһˣԾ֡
ƾҶɵֱˣһǰԼ˲һģ֮ʱִ˵ȷǵһβμӴɢ֮¡
ף羫ʯҶɺȻ˫ĿһУ¼һֲϣû뵽ڴ˵ļгˡ
ļУһˣᵽ羫ʯҲһڵʿǰʱǳֹ
ϣûʲôõϢ֮Ҷ̧һУವһץУ˵ĴҲʹĽҶɡ
ҶҲ鿴״һ꣬Ƭ̣壬·׹ȥȴǱһա
˵뵱ЩƣҶɸճԴ棬ķŹ塣
ʮȥҶɾնѲǵҶɣҲ֮ʵ飬Լ֮ǡ
ϣһЩʯһЩƻᦵĲϣҶɼòϣʼҶɻڤڰʲôֽţѻ֪Ǽɢϰ֮ѡ
صڽ֮ڣҶ˵ǲԶձɸеҶɸյõ羫ʯϢʵڲϾѾԽԽԣҶ¼뷨
һ˼·Ҷɰļ䣬΢һ·򣬱ֱ۷Ƿȥ
ϣǷ羫ʯڰϰɣһ䣬ҶɵӰȴǳԶߡ֮󣬱ǳʧ
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317 
Ҷ˫ĿһյĸӦȴҲûиоʲô쳣΢˼Ƭ̣ݹһ𣬻Ϊһƿնȥ
һºҶһƬԭϿһɶڼ䣬ҶҲûиоʲô쳣£רĸ·
ҶɵӰĳֵ֮Уһ̣ʱĴʲô
λǰ̣Ѱ˵ĵطĳڣһЩεĿ˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶνʼ磬ת뿪̡
Ѱһ죬ҶҲûд䣬Ҷɲ²Ӧò֮ˣ򲻿һûС
ȻǺļУǳֹҶҲֻڴ˵صȺ򣬰ʱȥңʱһջ
ڣҶɲ󷨣ȻҲˣʹл֮Ч򵱳ҲùϹ۾
翴ҶɾڷбĿһ򵥵Ľƹڷпţûʲôĵط
ʵϣҶ˫Ŀ΢еĿŰеĽɫܣϣһɫмһ˿·ЩɫмʱıҶӵ˿֮ܵϡ
ɫмڻ͸˽ɫ֮ڣҶżһɫâ˸ͣ
ڶһ磬Ҷɽв𣬳ȥ󷨽ƣ뿪˿ջǽֵй
ϿҶĽһ̣Ҷһֱʶţ˵Щģصĺ˸ٺҶҲûа취òС
һգҶЩ֮ʣܼңǱһҲСɼ壬Ҷɴȥܷõ䡣
һ۷ʿֻһǴﵽԲ֮Ҷǰ˿ûаʲôӡ
ܼۣȥʮ꣬һ֮ɫ裬Ҷɵˣȷʵûز֮ˡ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷЩʧ֮ɫ漴΢΢һЦڵлܵѸ֪ˣܵѿ֪з羫ʯϢ֮
ҶѰҵĿɶϡֲƽٳֵģ羫ʯĳֹ֪֮һɢ½ܼЩ˵
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ԣܼ˼Ƭ̺üͷ΢ĵݴţӦ˽½ɱģȻĳûۼȷµġ
壿Ҷɿ߶֣ԺкȻһԼѻ꣬նɱĹ߿У˵֡
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ǺǣնлܼЩ£ҶĳаݻᡣҶվΣܼ˹֡
Ҷһʣʱ̽ĵãǺǣܼһ䣬漴Ҷ뿪˴
Ҷվǽֵ֮ϣ˷羫ʯϢֻʣ·羫ʯһȱȫΪ
һ˼ţҶһĵš
Ϻõ鱦ϣλ
౦ӦоС
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һݣһЩڵʿȺΧһҶҲûᣬ˶¥
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һЩʿ߽ףڣҲ߽ţƷƣС̸ʲô
ΪԶ˸磬ӰˣҶҲ̸ЩʲôҲûпȥ͵
һƣСˣҶɱһ߻ʱľͬʱҲԼĸĸҶɾʱ䣬ȥݿ
֪ôˣҶ̾Ϣһ⼸ѣ屻Լ飬ҲΪ˺ѡ
ҶһǸģ鲻ԽǬǬţյһ𣬾Ͳ֪˭һЩ
ֻǣΨԼţԼˣ˭Ԥϵı仯
ٴκһƣҶɸоһУƺ˼ҾһŨңζ֮ȴһɸ𣬲һЩ䣬ҶɾԼûʲôչΪһ˿
ƣȻҶ΢΢һЦ˵漴еľƱٴεȻ֣ԼƺϲƷƵĸо
¾ͿɽķӣкβͬСһƳȵĲˬɱƣʱһŵҶɵ˼˻
״Ҷɲüͷһ壬һŻֿۣ񣬴ʮӣҶɵĶ档
͹٣ûλãҸ䣿һƹԣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ˰֣ʼ޷ҿɲԼǸãﲻλ𣬺һ˶ѡ
Ƽ꿴ҶɵλãЩΪƿڣӱҶɵǰ
λѣԼƷʲô˼ɽ¹һҽһ£º㣡˵꣬ҲûҶɵͬ⣬ֱһӣ̹Ȼ


318 ֲʵ
ˣҶҲνʼ磬ֻҪǶԼҶɱǲ̫ʲô
Ҷûзԣƹݻ˿Цеķ뱭յȥ
λѣôصӣѵƣԹ䣿ԳƺĻ˵꣬Լһƣ漴һ׵ĺȥ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦҲû˵ЩʲôֻǸоɢֲĲҶҲû̫⣬ϾԲ϶Щֶεġ
Ƭ̺󣬻üͷһ壬ãоƱüͷһչĴЦ
Եƣ˵˾ַһ㣬ֵطҲټˣеζȷʵ˻ζȷв֮ͬ˵껰ٴεһĺȥ
бյҶһֱûпڣüͷһ壬ڵλγƺĪɨ£
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ҶѣһᣬǺǣˣ㹲һҲЩԵ֡ˬһЦ˵
Ҷüͷһ壬ӣôҲǳһ㡣
ôѲţҪ˵ӤϹ׷ɱ͸Ӳˣٺ٣˵꣬΢΢һЦ
ûʲôŵģϾزʶҲûƭҶĳıҪ˵ûбӤ׷ɱһҲЩڻӤڵ˵꣬Ҷȡ
Ŷ˵ҲӦЩֶΰȻڻӤϹѣ˵꣬˫ĿһеĿ˿Ҷɡ
ҶĳûʲôֶΣʱ²ѣҲģǺڻӤʵ˵ġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ԣһ㶣漴һЦڵãǾΪǶڻӤһ
˵껰ƱҶɱյһ漴һ׵ĺȥ
ҽ׻ӤҪȥ𣬰⻯ӤԽԽŪˣѰ±յ̾Ϣ˵һ䡣
ԣҶ˫Ŀһڵѣʲô
ȻҪȥȡӤĵᱻӤϹ׷ɱģûǲҪˡ
Ҳǿżǿ˳˵ǵطԶҶѻǽ״Բ˵ɡֵ˵һ䡣
˴˻Ҷɲһǰ֮˷ŵԸҲˬȻȥӤϹֵȡӤĵһ֤˻Ӥϡ٣һ棬Ҳ֤˴ʵһ㡣
ƺǳͶһģһƷƣֱչȥȻʲô
ҶԥʿȻһ䡣
ҶҡҡͷڵҶĳҲˡû˵ԼݣҶɵҲûʲô
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һţҶɱüͷһ壬˫Ŀ΢еĳĳɨһۡ
Ҷѣڣϣ´ټ棬Ҷǽ׵˻ӤڣȻڳһҶɹ˹֣΢Ц˵һ䡣
ҶҲЦЦȭԲֻһǴﵽӤڣҶĳ׻Ӥ֪Ҫʲôʱ顣
Ϊ翵ĶɲǿǰģҪǻԵ˵ʲôʱҶѾͳԽˡˬʵЦ
ԣҶЩĲɵӦһһֻڽâʮڽ轣
Ȼһˢһһڹ⼤һģ֮£ҶǰǽǴȥ
۵һ
ԭտյĵطһź£ڲӰһŤֳΣֻǹѪһźȥϢȫޣ궼ӡ
ߣģҲ֪͵˭ʲôö̧һУǺӰ֮ϣһڹһವһû˺֮ڡ
״ҶޱȣǺ۷Ϊһбʵֲֵز
Ҷɸһƹ֮ʱҲǸоǹ΢Ĳһ㽻̸һ׼֣ҶɵĲ²⣬Ӧ֮ǰնɱǺһġ
񿴼ʬ壬ҶһϲȻǺˣֻԼûж֣ǱͻȻֻɱԼѻĻᶼûС
ˣҶѣ¸ǣһ˵꣬һ֮£תﳤȥ
ҶɳĬƬ̣ҲԼɱģ˵мΧ֮ˣ˭ҲûʲôҶҲתȥ
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صջ֮Ҷٴβ˼󷨣ܷųһһЩϣԼɫмǳ˵档
Ҷɿʼ˿ܣܵҲķһЩϸ΢ı仯ȥҲǸӾӨ
ڶһ磬ҶٴһСʿǰڽкʲô
Ѱˣ̽Ϣ鱦Ϣ˾гۡĺš
Ҷɵûָʵ̽ʲôֻǴЩôһ¶ѡ
ѰˣҶɵ˵һ䣬漴˿ֵߵ̯
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ԣҶνʼ磬ڵ޷ҸһЩôԺһˣˣйش˵Ϣ֪ͨұãܱԼȥҪǿһЩ
ԣչһЦڵð죬ǰģǰҪҵˣ֪֪ͨǰʲôˣ
ޣҶɵ˵һ䡣
ûԺһǰ֪ǰҴ˺£Ȼü΢΢һ漴ǻָ
СȴûӹҶɵ۾һۣҶüͷһ塣


319 
ǺǣҲûʲô飬ֻһλҴŸѰˡҶЦ˵
ŶǰԸңǸҲǰ鷳ˣֱӴűǡ꿴һҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶ˫Ŀһ΢Ц˵˵ɣ
⣿һ˿ңæǰʶʲôס
û˵꣬Ҷɴһץһεľ޴ѹһ½ٵϣֻ÷һͣʶģ˫ҲǱô顣
Ƭ̺Ҷһת뿪ߣԻص˿ջ֮У壬̱ĵ˵ϣɫ԰׵˺ˮЩѵӡ
ջڣҶڴͷ˫Ŀ΢׵˼ʲô
ͷЩ쳣һ֮󣬼û˵ʵ˼ҶҲûʲôֱӶǿӲֶΡ
ͨѻ֪ȷʵʶΪȹ꣬ԼͻȻ䣬굣Ҷɶ԰û˵ڡ
ԭֻæһ°ѣû뵽ײ֮£Ȼõ˰ϢӦȥǰ¡
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ׼ճǰѰҰƬ̺䲼˼ƣǼ˿ܡ
ڶһ磬Ҷɱ뿪˿ջһ֮Ҷ뿪ǣǷȥ
һ·ϣҶɰԼСģÿɶһңͣϢһʵǼһǷʲô
һֱɶ߰˸֮ҶҲûзʲô쳣˳ĵִǡ
ԵøӷһЩ˵عԽ٣ҲǾڤڱȽƫԶĹϵ
һ֮ڣҶɵӰһЩʧҡҡͷƬ̺˽ȥ
һСʱ䣬ҶҲûд䣬£ֻһջסǼ˿ܡ
˿̵ĿܣҶɼѾӲӣȫԭĹͭɫȻǾ߿ܲ˾߿֮󣬿ȥҲӾӨ
ɫڰջת·һСһṦҶɽһЩɫмȫ˽ɫ֮С
˵һâһҶһɫܵȻһˮ״ƣȥҺһ㡣
״Ҷ΢΢һЦһವһһڽɫɽ˵һû˿ܶͷ֮С
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ܵͷ­ϣһĿܽϼһˮת֮£̼ǻָȥȫ޵ӡ
״Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵ת֮ʱȻǾ߿ٶȿ죬޷ȻǾ߿ǰȷʵ֮ǰһԣָҲǱǰǿ˲١
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ˦һЩϱǳ˵棬Ҷɱ׼ܵսˡ
˷ǳɹǿܱ߼нף൱ڵʵٽһǴﵽ߼߽ס
߽ԺĿܱûм𻮷ˣԸ߽ʯ߶ܵҪֶμˣԼƿܵĲԡ
ǻ磬ĿǰƳн׾ͲˣҶ˫Ŀһգ΢һַ˫Ŀһʼ
峿Ҷպÿܱȥ󷨣뿪˿ջ˰䡣
յĹȥҶȻûʲôջ񣬵Ҳû̫żôһ˶ĳǳڣѰһʶ˿϶ס
ҶܿһۣһΪ¥쳣ۣʿſ߳Ӹողμᡣ
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ߣֱ̧۹Ϸգϣܰȫ߳ǡ˵껰һ˦뿪ſڡ
״оһ漴ǼҴҵԶȥ
λѣʱǰȻһ꣬£״üͷһ塣
£һ䣬дŽ֮ɫ
ԣ΢΢һЦڵʸ¿ǰѣ
ǣüͷһ壬ɻĿ˿ꡣ
ҶɣѲҪᣬֻһ·羫ʯ䣬ŵѼ羫ʯ˵˵һ䡣
ϸһҶɣͷ¼ҵĵ½׻˻ȡҲ֪ǺУҶѿɻ£
Ҷɹ˹֣Цлѣ㣡˻ҶɵҲţϾԷûʲôҪƭԼ
Ҷûƺ˿漴ǼҴҵһ·תȥתʧӰ
˽ӣҶɲ΢ЦҡҡͷῴĻċݣܾʹ˰ӰӦЩ鷳Ҷɵõ˷羫ʯĵõ˘ξʯ䣬Ҳôࡣ
ǧҵ˰õôϢңȻǼ£Ҷûлؿջ뿪ǣǷء
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һһ˦ৣѪһѪɫԲ䵶Ҷһնȥ
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״Ҷɫһһʮڽ轣һɶһ󣬱Ѫɫ䵶ȥ
صһ졣
߸ոײһѪɫ䵶ǱһŨѪΪһĴ֣轣
Ҷɵһ㣬轣ϼһ֮£ǽܵѪɫһն߱ǲ
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Щɫ󣬼ҶɵƺҲԶԿ
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ҶɵʻüһȻûлشʲô˼ֱӶ֡
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һ̣ɫҲǱúԭʧķҲǱۺһЩз任ͣǰһһĺɫУٴ۶ɡ
ʱҶһ̧ʮڽ轣ֵסǿѪɫ䵶ţһֻйϼһ
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ιٶޱȣգۼ䣬նǵδȫ۶ɵ֮ϣĺȻһ䡣


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״Ҷ˫ĿһУɫ԰׵ҶɣԶһɶȥ

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üͷ΢壬ЩԶʵڲ벻˵һйڵˣȫɱˣֻлһߡ
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Ҳʵһ㣬ҶɵĹƣԲ֮УҲʵĻҶɿҲûô׽ƵԱ
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ʱ䣬Ҷһֱڴ˵صƣʱ䣬ǻָϣһϢٴγӯң֮ǰۺһЩ
ڴһҶżصѰҷ羫ʯ䣬ֻ˳ռ䣬Ʊ뿪˴˴Ǽȥ
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صջ֮ҶһδһֱڼǾ߽ɫܣֻ󼸼ȥܱǿԴﵽ߼н׵ʵ
պҶҲûϣ彻׻ʱȴǵˣҶɲòܣȥ󷨣뿪˿ջ
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һν׻֮ǰȷųͳ¼Ҫ羫ʯҸ߼չٺ٣羫ʯ˵õϢ׻ġ
ҲõıϳȻǰҪ֮УôϢ˷ҲǲСģԡһ٣ЦЦ
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322 羫ʯҹϮ
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˷Ҷɵᳵ·ϾһǰողμӹģϸѰŷ羫ʯ֮ʱȻüͷһ塣
漴һһöɫŷУһСֶ
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ٺ٣Ϸǲǰ߼۵ġ΢΢һЦ˵˵һ䣬漴ǼƷ裬һνӡ
״ɳܾﲻԣҶѾóʯԼһн鱦һϲ
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ĳɽȵһʱ֮ڣһɫӰϥ
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״Ҷ΢΢һЦڵԺ˵óˣ˵껰ڤ֮ڣҶ
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324 ÷Ϣ
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ڣҶ˫ĿԶԼţ˵õϢʱȥҲ֪ǱǷ䡣
غ׷Ҷɲûи÷ǷӣǳǷȥĿľΪ˷ɢǵעԼ÷ǰµʱϡ
˼Ƭ֮Ҷɵһһöֶݶ˵֮Ҷ˫ĿһյĲ

һ÷ǣҴ֮ڣ
磬ûҶѵϢ˷һۣ˵һ䡣
ԣ΢΢һЦڵüҿҲǣǱ绹Ҫడ
У֮ǰǣõ뼰ʱ֪ͨһˣһʱȥȻϢҲûС˵˵
ǺǣпһЩɢ޼ʲôжг̰ɣҶѵʵǲԲӦò̫Σյġ΢΢һЦ
˼ĵ˵ͷڵ磬˵չأôжˡ
ұչأ㲻տңηıչأγأҲ˳Ľ׵ڣģЩ޵ˣǺǡȤ˵һ䡣
ԣһЦ˫Ŀ״ڵ˵ĺᰡˣС񽻴һ£ͻżͷĵıչذɣ
⻹࣬ǺǣˣƼҵǲôԺЩƺʲôȻɫһ˵
ŶƼң˵һ㣬ҲԹûƼңϾҶǱźôȥģж֮⣬ƼҲҲһʧֺü
Ҫ˵ԩҿǻƼ޹ˣЩҲ֪ȥδյѰʧ˺üΣǰˣƼҪ˷ѶٵĲ
ҵǺƣǰƼҲûʲôҵףôټǰ֣Ǽҵ׵ͦЩɻ˵һ䡣
ԣһƲߵãɱǰԻϢƼҺЩɢޣжġ
ƼҲûʲôжǽжţټһɢޣĳ׼õٽЩɢһ򾡣ôȻȫǻƼҵˡ
ĻƼҲ죿˶ļҵ׻ӻÿζȫûģŵʼǼ
ȻҲֻǲ²⣬ϾûƾʵݣҲ˵ʲôϾûʲôϵġ
˷Ļɫ΢΢˵ͷڵԭִţСû治֪ԺҪעһ»Ƽˣ˵ҶЩμǵж𣿻Σա
Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱſӰһһɫӰſڣ״ýһϲ
ҶѣǺǣСøոջ㣬ǳ˰ҶɣҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ҶҲû⣬һ
Ҹ˵ֻǸҶѴϢ㳤ʱ仹Ӱҵˣһѡǰһ۷漴ɫһ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦͷлλˣֻҪ֮ھͺãǺǣ˶ˣǰ˵ʲôжûȥμӣΣգ
ǺǣҶѵֻһЩŰˣġ˸
ҶЩɻӣڵ֪ʲôţ
ԣɫһڵҶѣûƾʵݣǸ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫٴȥϣ㲻ٴȥ
ǰԷ˵һֶҶ˵һ顣
ĬƬ̣Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ϴһ֮ɫȻ˻ƼóǰȥԪһֱûг֡
÷³ԼԪ˲ӵеģϾʯҲѾˣҶɱЩɣҲûж롣
һ˵ҶĴ˵ԼðΪԪȥ𣬵л֪ĺһ»ƼңǿģϾǶԼҲǻĵġ
ѣ֪ԪˣǷҲȥƼҵжҶ˵һ䡣
ԣ˼ƬҡҡͷڵһǲûⷽϢ
֪ʱӹ磬һλ˵ԪǵһμӻƼжˡ
ŶҶӦһɫһߣȻǲϣԪӦˡ
ˣӣ֪֮ںδ֪ʱܹȥһģҶɻһת˵˵һ䡣
֪ҶѻżϼһҪƺͰּҪȡϹǲͬ⣬ֱʨӴ󿪿ڡЩߵ˵һ䡣
״΢΢һЦڵϹԽƻΨͼۣϵõôġ
Ŷ˵ĻҶĳֻԹȥˣڿɷ㣿͹ȥҶɶŷ˵
ãպҲûʲôģھҶѹȥ˵껰վ׼ӡ
ȿȣãҪû¿ЩҪչصġȻһ䡣
ԣһ۷Ҷ뷽һк˱뿪˷ңеĳ˽ֵ֮ϣʱһ˵Ŀ⡣


325 
һӵĴ֮ڣҶ뷽˵ӰУһһλĸݣɫߡ
ӣǺǣ֪λǣ߿һҶɣ˵һ䡣
ԣ΢΢һЦڵλǰ˵ģҪ֮Ҷѡ
ŶҶѣһᣡ΢΢һЦ
ϣҲӣ뼸޷һЩͻ˵֮ԸЧҶɿһۣ˵˵һ䡣
ҶѣҶԵطˡ֮רſƹħ֮һ౦ϷԪУ޷ӳ̫ܵġϵ΢΢һЦЩ˵һ䡣
ǲ֪ϴγۣˣҶĳҲÿǼǡҶɫһ˵
ԣϵ˵ͷһкȻһѳСӲӵĶУɢ󾫴֮
ôҶѿɻ⣿Ͽ˿еĶУһ䡣
ҶһƲ̾ϢӣҡͷƺһЩ˵껰ҶɵһһöɫԲС
飿뷽ͬʱɫһЩȵ˵
״Ҷɵ˵ͷڵϵ֮Իµ飬Ը򵥵Ĺ޻УʵЩģ¡
ԣüͷһ壬˼ҶѣǸ֮ã̱ܲȡþԵʤģʵǹؼ
˵껰ϱǽԪϾҶе֮ӣչ߼һЩģԼеԪȻǲٿǷΧ֮ˡ
ˣؼʱ̽ԪԱӦòСɣӦÿش޵ġҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ˵˵һ䡣
ԣüһҲ΢΢һ֣Ҷǰ׳ղɣԪȥȻҪһƷԱ˺Է
ȿȣҶѣˣǲǿϧϲɵ˵һ䡣
ҶֱӰ˰֣Цûʲôϧģ飬ǱߣĶͬߣԣǼ۸Ҷĳúýѵһǡ
⣡ԭΪҶȥдõģԺúթһʣû뵽ҶʵȻҪȥԱ
ҶѣǷǱԪеļ۸ǲģҲҪһн鱦ͨĸ߽鱦˵˵һ䡣
ŶƺЩҶɵĻû˵꣬ϼæ˰֡
Ҷѣǳģһͽ鱦Ҳԣ˵꣬΢΢һЦЩӣǵϴγ˸߽鱦˵ʲôϳ۵ġ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷڵϣԪв鱦ҶĳҲǿ⣬Ҳգһ鱦ȡɡ
ٺ٣ãҶѹˬ֮ˡ˵껰ϽԪȡ˳ֱӽҶɡ
ҶȻûջʲô鱦֮ǰﻹмòϵ鱦ġ
ȡһڵͽ鱦ıҶһ˦֣ವһ˺ǰ״΢΢һЦ
ϣ¾͸ˡҶɹ˹֣˿˼䣬ϱͶ뿪˺ҡ
СӣȻһ鱦ȡȥԱٺ٣ǱƼˣ˵ûԤϵĺã㲻Կġ˵꣬΢΢һЦ˱

÷ǻƼң֮ڣ
һЩɣĲ̬ߣһڴ֮У˽΢ЦеƷ衣
ǻƼˣ
ƵѣĺԽԽСˣζˣʮ˶ûټ꿴һۻƼһ˵
ԣ̬üһмߣڻƼҼɢ޵ķصأһ㵨С֮˿϶ǺģжҲҪıһ²ˡ
ƵѣҲ߰ˣȽǴ˵ɡ˵
Ƽ˰֣ڵ⼸˷ʱ䣬ϧˣмɢ޵ӵǲСϧò˼ҪĶնûܲ롣
ٺ٣Ƶѣĳ˵ȺŪǣʲôԴӦҲһҪóġЦ
ԣƼ˫ĿһУڵ˼Ҫһ۲ϣò»ɵģַ˵ˣȫˡ
˵ͷ˼ǵ˵ǼϵһˣҲ֪жٺ٣˵꣬俴һۻƼһЦ

Ҵڣ΢ЦϾҶɴ˷˳ĴҲûԤĸߡ
ҶɵȴǴһ˿ɻ֮ɫЩ֮⡣
뷽·ϣҶɸоһɼ޵Ĳƽʱܻᱻԣ˵ҶڼС
Ҷѣôʲôµӣѵ˵ȻˣʱȻһ䡣
ԣҶɻ̧ͷڵȻµû˵ʲô˵
Ŷǰʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ƿ֤ݣҲû˵εõϢƺɻɵҶˡ˵꣬ɫһ
СҲ˵ˣǰ꣬ɻ÷ǴҶѵ䡣Ҳǲһ䡣
Ҷ˫ĿһУתǱɵ֪£ԼҪ뿪ԥˣĻһɳһЩ߽ǰΧˣ¾鷳ˡ
֪ΣҶʵ
Ǻǣû֤ݣ˵ҲûҵҶѣҲǲ֮ˡЦЦ
ʱɫһҶ˵ҶѣΣСһЩĺá
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһһöƴСɫڵƣУм䣬һѪɫ֡
λϵôҶɲ²⣬Щ˿ӣЩϵ
ףʲôʲôƣüһ壬Щɻӡ
ʲôڣʱɫ䣬ͬʲôֲĶһ㣬һվֱЩָöɫƣɫ԰Ѫ


326 ˵
֣ԼһֵӣҶɲ˫Ŀ¶أоЩ򵥵ӡ
磬ôˣһưųȻҲ˵ġЩɻĿžֹķ˵һ䡣
ʱƺعһͬһ㣬漴һˢһ֮ڣȻ缤
СĵӣҶ뷽ɫҲ
񣬽ƽڵҶѣ˵˵⾿ô£
ԣҶڵѣصӣӦò򵥣ԣǻ֪һЩΪá
Ļ罫֪ĸ֪ҶĳҶи׼˵꣬ҶɫһĿ˿
˫ĿһУֵҶѣòǱһЩ׷ɱ˰ɣ䣬ҶɫһĬϵӡ
̾˿Щϣ˫Ŀ¶˼֮ɫ
ȻϣҲ׽һˣ֪¡Լ֪Ĵ˵Ҷɽ
ݷʱʱ丸˵һ˵һ϶صɱ֯
֪ʱ齨ģҲ֪жôӴ֪ܲ֪жˡ
˵ˣƽûʲôֱ𣬻ĳǳһ֮Ҳĳֵϵĵ̷̯ĳ
ЩˣСǹ¶Ǳȹԭ֮ˣǵ֯ģǺġ
ԣһ֯ҪʱЩ˽ϺķװΪ֯һǴɱǰڶ˸ٸ١ӡҲǴ̽׼ɱ֮˵
ڽɳӦɱ֣дɱһСۣҲҺ񣬱ǴδйʧܣݴӤϹ֣Ҳ䵽˺֯
ȻɱӤϹֵĴۣɲһ˶֧ģңҲһ
źжʱ˺ƣڲЯκζⱻ˷ʵݣЩԼ޶˵Լݡ
ҲԱ˻׽Ⱪ©ԣһо겻񣬱ߣӴˣ޷ѵĻǾͱԱ©һЩϢ
Ͼǵ͸ûˣҲ׬ˣЩ˲ԸԱģԺÿԱϣ˶Žƣƿǵңƿ˵ҲÿһԱΥ
ȴǲôˣҲرû˻̸£ԣһѾ֪ˡ
˴յĹ򣬷ŽţҶɴŽһ飬һӡ
һǵĿҶɣдһ˿֡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢Уɫ˿Լǵ˺˹ӶĳԱǰ׷ɱԼ
շʵӦüֲԱԱֶΣļ¡
üһ壬ڵ磬׿˵ϵϺҶԣҲ˫ĿһĿ˿
׶֪ϵϺģ˵ҵΪƾ輸֮ܰѺô˼Ҳ׷ɱ̾Ϣһ
ԣҡͷڵ磬ǶԺ֣Ȼ˳ǮɱҶѣǾͳ˫ļǮúȡɱ񡣡
Ǻǣ㵱СӹҼ˵ȡȡǺûˣʹʮļǮҲȡɱġ˵˵һ䡣
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ʵǲ֪ŻȡɱġҳնɱΪһ˼񣿡
ôܰ˼ҳģ˼ԼϣϸĹ涨Բκ˿ϣɱ֣Ҳ֪˭ģֻ֪ӵϡ
ң˵һ񣬾ǽ䣬ǻճģԣȡǲܵġص˵
ѵûİ취޷ȡˣҶüͷһ˵һ䡣
˫Ŀ¶˼֮ɫڵǵø˵ȡİ취ûУǲġ
ǳ۴ɱҶѵǸ󡮽Գ棬ȡ񣬶ңҪڻһʯãԣ˼ҲȡġҲܡ
Ҳδ̫ˣȡ񣬲Ǽɻ˲ǺôҪȡһַãüһ壬˵˵һ䡣
ߣһȡǾȲѣ϶ںʲôǮˣҶѣӦúú룬ġ˭Ȼ˵ЩҲֻǴţ֪Ƿ׼ȷġ˵˵һ䡣
Ҷ˼ãҲû뵽ʲôɵˣǻûǰ䣬ʶļʲ
Ҫ˵ԼϼһҲֻǬɽˣǾϹѾԼɱҲˡ
Ϊ˸ȻȻҺ£˿Ľֿܡ
һʵԳɱԼڶûɱԼһֿԲ󣬲棬ԽԼȥ
ڶֿҲ󣬼ǵԼûеʲôͽʿǸΨһûնɱʶ꣬ҲԼ֮ųֵġ
лѸ֪ˣ˵Ŀǰ֮ˣԺСһЩǣʵڲУֻ뿪ԥˡҶɶŶ˹˹֣˿˷ҡ
ûʲôȴǹĵİο˼䣬һ֮ɫһ
Ҷɶ÷ĳֵ֮ϣԼйˣ˭ǸĽԺǳ˵Ӱ
ʱҶɺȻ˫ĿһУоɲϢĵԼӽ


327 ƼҶ
ҶɸոոоϢʶʶһŶɨ˹ȥãҶɫ
׼ȥջϢһģ²ˣŽֵػصȺҶһµĻǰС
ףҶѣʱԶһ
Ҷһתǿһ꣬ȥʮ꣬òʣҶЩ죬ڻƼйһ֮Եꡣ
ѣҶɴһ䣬Щɻӡ
΢΢һЦҶԣڵҶѣϴһδǺǣ֪ҪĲϣˣ
ŶûУȱټֲϵġҶ˵꣬˫ĿһУתҲ֪˼ʲô
ǺǣƼҸպ׼һжҶѲȥ˵ʲôҪĲϡ˵
ϴȥˣƼûҶĳҪĶҶʼ磬ʾûʲôȤ
ԣоһЦҶѣǰüȥˣƼ˵ղصģȥһۣǲġ
ҶһͷҲãǾѹȥһۡ
ҶɴӦ¶һ˿ϲɫ漴
ãҶѣߡ˵껰ǴҶ˻ƼңΪ죬ûʲô
˸һһ̬ĻƼ֮ϣҶɹȻ΢΢һ㶣漴Щ˵ӡ
ҶѿμӴ˷жģĲ룬ǳɹϣҲһЩƼ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣҶһЦɫ˵μжҶĳҪƼУǷҪĶС
ģǲ嵥ҶĿ˵껰Ƽһ֣һöҶǰ
״Ҷɿ˿鿴˲嵥
һṦҶɲզ࣬˷Ĳ嵥ԱϴλҪḻһЩ﹦ҩӦоС
ǺǣҶĳѡ׻ᦰɡҶɼݸ˻Ƽ˵˵һ䡣
Ҷ׼μӴ˷жˣƼвۼһ˿ϲɫ˵һ䡣
ԣҶüͷһ壬ڵôƼԸ⣿
ҶﻰãȻˣϷھͽᦱｻ㣬գǱƼ˵һ䣬ǵһȡһ׻ᦱҶɡ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦڵлƼˣˣ˵ճ𣿡˵꣬Ҷɽᦱ
Ƽ˫ĿһУ˼ԭǴճ˷ֲ㣬ԴӳգܷЩ֡
ŶҲãҶĳҸطϢɡҶһ˽ӡ
ãҶѣĳȥ㣬ҲǺԺϢġȻվ˵˵һ䡣
ҶɵͷӦһ뿪˴״ƼЦݻüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ƭ̺ص˴Щ˵˵ôĳȥߣһɢޣٺ١
ԣƼƬ̣ڵѣûﲻ𣿡
Ŷﲻԣ֪ΣӵóǵĲɣЦ˵һ䡣
Ƽ΢΢һЦڵˣȻˣûߵϣȫµʿûʲôΣԡ
ĳܸоЩ֣˵˶ʴ˷жǲ˵ȥʲôطҲôһȥʲôǣ˱ʹӦˡ
˵°·Ѿ˵һ£ûжʣҲʵ˵ջ÷ǲã»û˵ʲô
һζҪᦣЩֶΣҲûһǿ쵽طʱ򣬲Ż͸¶жġ΢Ц
Ҳգ˵ʲôҲû뿪ϣˣٺ١Ƽ΢΢һЦ˵˵һ䡣

Ƽĳ侲ڣҶڴͷ˫Ŀ΢е˼ʲô
Ƭ̺˫ĿһգµıĿҹʱ֣ҶɺȻ˫ĿһɫĿ˿⡣
˼Ƭ֮Ҷɵһģ֮£ʧ˾֮ڡ
ڰУҶɵӰͬһ㣬վ˻Ƽҽ·Ʈڡ
ףҶѣʲô𣿡ʱ겻֪ʱĳ֣ҶɺЩɻ˵һ䡣
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵŶôˣѻûϢ𣿡
ٺ٣ҵ֮ˣߵģҲǴˣˣҶѲҲûϢ𣿡˸˵
ţЩ飬ҪͻƼ̸̸ҶɺȻ˵˵һ䡣
ŶԭˣҶѸƼһֱڴϢģǹȥǡ˵껰ݣ겢ûжһơ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦǻ߳ŻƼҴȥ˵ҹڣ߽˵ûʲôӰġ
ڣƼϱĿţȻҶĵɵ΢΢һ㶡
ҶǣƼüһ˵һ䡣
Ҷ˰ҲԱߣ˫Ŀ΢еĿҶɡ
ҶĳҪҶ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵һ䣬ԣɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ҷѣ˻ᦣѾˣھжеһӡƼ΢Ц˵һ䡣
Ҷȴüͷһ壬ɨһ۴ſڣ漴ЦƼѣҶĳҲ䣬֪˷жĿģĻƼҡ
ԣƼһָ΢֮£ڸ˱⣬ԲǳֶԸҶɣֵġ
Ƽȴ΢΢һЦڵҶǸˣϷͿˣǺãĳҲȻҪҲԣôǴһ֡
ٺ٣ãҶĳҪƽ֡ҶЦ
ʲôƽ֣ôܣߣ¼ľƽ֣굱ɫһ
Ҷʼ磬ڵλͬĻҶĳͽԪǺ˵ȥȻĲһˡ
ɫһ䣬ƹȴһ΢ЦӣȴһĨ⣬ڵãҶѣϷʹӦƽ֣
ԣҶоһԪȻǱȴЦеӣһֻ֮ڣȴ˸ż𻨣ڷת


328 
ãֶһͬ磬˺һƼ˸ĿҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ˵ͷȡֻյһƣ˸Եһ漴һƱǳҶɶǰ
״Ҷɽӹյ΢΢һЦڵǺǣƵѣѣԸǺ졣
ģԺ˵÷ǣ˵¡ƼһЦ˵
״ƱڵΪ˺죬Ɑ
ȵȣȻҶɫһķ˱յѯʣҶɺȻһһƬϼϯʮڽɫɽ
״ƹƺ׼Ҷɸж֮ʱһ˦֣ԷŽգ׼ֵֿҶɵı
һ̣ƹȴ΢΢һ㶣ʮڽɫɽûնˣǳŴſնȥ
أſ֮⣬죬ţɫӰһŤֵֶסҶɵĽɫɽһĽ˴֮С
Ҷǽ轣ٻأ轣ǻسԼȥ
ʲôˣҴһƼңߣƼɫ΢Ŀˣ˵˵һ䡣
ҲЩɻ֮ɫˣԲΪ֪ͻȻ
صһ죬˽֮ʱʮڽ轣֪ڴǽϣնһȱڣ׵¹Ҷɵವһȱڷȥ
λѣȰҶĳֵһ֮ǰ˵ĺôǻ˵ҶֻһӰ˳ǽȱڣӳ˻ƼҴ
˶˵࿴һۣ漴ǶŻƼֹ
ǸʶǲϤλˡһ䣬Ҷϴ۵ĸΰԲӡ
ֺγԩֻҶϢѣϡͿı˸ɱˡ
Ҳûʲô˿Ƽ˼յı˫ĿһҵĹ
Ǳ׼Ըģλ޹ء˳Ƽɫ԰ףѹֱҧҶɡ
ƼҴլ֮⣬ҶһЦĻͷ˿ϴ˸ΰ۵ľ飬Ҷɱ뵽˴ֽ赶ɱ˵ֶΣƺǵ˶Ҫ
һ磬ڽϱǷ˸٣ƫԼȥ˻ƼңϵʱҶɷǱƼң漴Լȥ˻ƹ
˵Ԫ˲ﲻԼȥձĵزôһ赶ɱ˵İ취ҶɻǺϲģϾ˵ҲԼ๼
Ҷɵβͣԭ÷Ƕһʱ䣬һ÷ҲǴȥˣֻ÷֮ȥ
ವһʱһɫӰٴܳסҶɵȥ·Ҷ֮ǰûиӦ˵Ĵڡ
ʶһɨҶɱЩ˲һڵʿֻǸ٣սӦò̫ǿġ
ԼҪߣǴסԼһǶ˽˻ƼˣԼܾҪΣˡ
֪ҶĳͷǺֵʯҶ˵˵һ䣬֮ת
ǺԣͫһɳƵ˵ʲô¾Ȼ֪
ںЩĹֻоһɢŽɫϼĽιУͬ㻮ڵҹĻԼһն
ϸ룬˼æųһɫƣݹһĿ˶ȥ
¡¡һ촫һѤõĽҹ绨ſֲϯȥ±ǽûȥ
ҶɵӰʧ˴Ƭռ䡣
÷֮ڣһɫӰҹգٵķɶݳԼ俴һԾӨᣬһ֮£ɫӰʧһˡ
˵ûʩչѪ֮ȫ߶Ҷ˳ȫӦ˵Ĵڡ
Ҳ˻Ƽ꣬˷鷳СͬʱҶҲԾоȷֲ
Լջص÷Ǽʱ䣬Ȼ׷ٹǣ÷ǱкĳԱⲻҶɫ
˵ӳ˵ĸ֪ΧҶȴǲûͣ£һ·ڤڷȥҳϼʶ㣬Ҳǻ˽ǧϼһƻ֪һЩϢ
ڤһţҪһЩǿ֪࣬ϢҲһЩ
պҶһƬϿһɶȫ߶ĲСҲ㳹׽˦Ҷɲ
ҶֱԵϢ
ֻϢһʱ䣬Ҷɱ˫Ŀһ׼ʱԶƿ֮֮£ݹǳҶɵǰ
ݹһ¶ӵӰԲΪҷװһģһƺĳɵװһ㡣
Ϊ׵һλӣҶɺȻɫһ䣬ˣҶɼǰشӡ
ǺǣСӣ벻ɣҾ˵ġӿ˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ʲôСӽˣȷʱһ˵һ䡣һ꣬һ仰û˵˸ĴҶɡ
ǺǣλҪССӣȥڰЩ飬ʱҲǺλһ뷨˵
λѣǿµ󷨣Ҳ֮٣ҵȲޣ಩ɣҶ۽һĿ˿ˣһǼǿᣬһֱûпڵķꡣ
ٺ٣챦䵽Уȷ಩ˣҪЦ˵
ŶλţҶһ˵Żת֪˴ɵԼ
ߣԼ˶ϣ͸ȫʬףһתͶ̥ĻᡣЦ˵һ䡣


329 ط
ҶɺȻһ˦һɫмһնȥţݹһ𣬱Զȥ
ߣڤ粻飡˼״˵һЦϬĹҲҴ⡣
˸ԼƵֵ漴ֽһСͷ֡
¡¡
һ죬һĿѶֲನǽƺɣ˵ķҲŤΣֵ
ʲôҴԪ۹δ˵ģȻɫص˵
ԣһУڵλʦܣû˵Ķ̫ˣǺǣ׷ϴˣ֪𣿡
˵껰΢΢һЦ֮󣬶ݹһҶ׷ȥ
ºҶɵӰһƬϿһɶٶ֮죬ֻһ׺ۣӰǳߡ
ɫȴЩ˵Ķ٣ǱǼ˸ö࣬Լȫ߶ҲֻǱ˿һ˿
˵оûʲôΣգʱһԽ˦Ҷȴ޷ȡ
˼ķɶ֮ĲȻԼֺܾãԼȴǼֲ̫ʱ䣬ıϾ̫
һ̷ŵҩҶһ߰ľֻҪԼ˾ԶЩҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣǻ׷ýһЩ
ºҶɱЩֲסϵҩʣ޼ȥԼʱ䶼޷֣ʱ䶼ûС
ͬһ㣬׷ԼֵӣҶҲǴͷۡ
£ҶɷһתǷȥܣҲȥ׼һЩҩԼʵĲˡ
ʮպҶɽһƿҩ̷ָһЩһķǣæһҩ̡
λǰҪһƻû˵꣬ҶֱӰִϡ
ָϵȵҩж٣Ҷɼæ˵һ䡣
ԣ΢΢һ㶣漴Ӧһϲת˻ȥҶ֮ɫ
Ͼ˻Ҷɸ֪Χ֮ڣ֤ò˶೤ʱͻ׷ϡ
ʱһϲɫ˹иһڵǰŻ˵ϵȻָҩֻС
û˵꣬Ҷɱǲͷİ˰֣ڵʯҶѾоѾӽǡ
ʮʯЩɶǸ߼߻˵һ룬ҶһߵĵҩǼҴҵ뿪
ǣѵڱ׷һ䡣
Ҷɲûߣ֮󣬱Ǽ֮ȥһ̷żŵҩ
һǣҶɱǿңԶʣģĶݹ⣬Ƿ׷ǻˡ
Ҷǲ˼ĶݹһԶȥ
ৣʱźµӰסҶɵȥ·ΣӦǺ֮ˣⲻҶɫһ䣬Ķʵ̫졣
̶̵ĵ֮£ˣҲǶݹһĳҶɵһߣԲΧ
Ҷɼаһãɫ֮ʵûʲôգܹԲߡ
һ٣˵ʱ򣬺Ȼͫһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ȻǺˣߣã죬һߣλʦܣ֣˵Ż˾ȻҶɣʩչ﹦ɷ˵ĳ˺ȥ
״Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ҳоһʩչ﹦
ʣҶһˣԶ翴һͷԣҲûᣬô˻ᣬݹһ𣬱Ǽæ˳ȥ
֮£ҶɱӵԶۿҪʧ˵֮ڡ
״оâһûȥ׷һŭɫĹˡ
ȻսţҪ׷ҶɣǱסв֮ɫ
ʱһ˷һߣһɫӰӱ˼
ţһ֣һּɳƵͳĶŻ˵λס֣ϷϲĻӦԪĵӡ
ԣȻ֪ǵݣ͸֪ûзŹǵɣңۻ׽ǻɱǣҵȻȥǴһ
оâһڵλ˵ЩйһЩڣϾǺԪ֮飬Ǽ˺޹ϵҲûޡ
ڣǵĿһ£ȥ׷ǸСӣȴǱСӿЦңλģˣ
ܲסǣԾ֪ˣСӣٺ٣ӲǵĵġЦ˵漴ǰһٶ׼֡
״Ӱüͷһ壬ڵѣҲ֪ǺĹأֻҪնɱ߿䣬Ҳ
׷ӣºǵĶԹһ˽⣬Σһ˭Ҳٵʲôˡ
ԣ˼漴˿꣬΢΢˵ͷ
ãʱͷŹǣҵȽСӻУٺúˡ˵һ䡣
ԣϷ˾Է㵽ףֻλҪСģٺ١΢΢һЦ˵
ӦСĲŶԣߣð·ӵ˵һ䡣
ԣû˵ֻǻһۣǶݹһ𣬻Ϊһƿնȥ
״һЦһݹ⣬ҶӴܵķ׷˹ȥ
˵Ľ̸Ҷɲû˵֪˵ݣֱӿ֮˵ݣӦǴͷ֮ˣϾںǰҲǺ޾ɫ
˷Ƕ˳ͻҶɿҲӵóϾԲڳһĻӤϹ֣ᱻסһʱƬ̡
Ҷɲû˶ʲôһֱȫ߶ڤڷɶݶȥƬ̺˫ĿһȻоϢȻԺͣȫԼ׷˹


330 
һºҶɫЩ԰ߣǲˣǴ˿ȥڤڣҲпܻС鷳
ҶԽӼȵսԪӤ֮⼸ԲҲͲپʲô
ʵѰңҲҶɵҪĿ꣬ξ̫Ԫ
ҵֲϣ޸һڻӤҲûʲôвˣԲҲ׽˦
ֲֻϣҶʹֻ˵˵ȴǴδⲻҶЩʧ
ڤҲȥôһֱȥҲǰ취÷ӳһʱ䣬һֱûзԼ׷
˼Ƭ֮ҶɵſһžѪݹһƬѪ֮ɫƬ̺صһɢҶɵӰҲʧ
ףСӿֲסˣƴˣͬһʱ䣬ˣӵˣɳһʿʩչƴȥ׷Ҷɡ
һɽ֮ϣһһѪɫݹһһŤ֮£¶һŰµӰֻɫ԰ס
һ֣ٴһžѪѪһƬ̺Ӱٴʧ
һƬԭϿգһѪɫݹոճ֣Ѫһʢ֮£һεʧ
ҶһʹѪ֮ʣ޼ɫ԰ףһϢޣһѺɫ֮ϣĳ
˿̣Ҳڳ׵Ľ˦˺棬Ҳо˼˵Ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬ʩչ׷ҶɵˣҲɫ԰ѪһϢ󽵣ɫɲ
ôܣڶѣһʩչѪ֮ۺķʩչĶ٣ʱһɫ԰׵˵
ԣһüͷһ壬ڵѵǣ˾ˣ˵꣬˶ݹһͣǵȴˡ
ļûиʱ䣬޷ָʵǲ²ҶΪλ˿ĶȻ֪˿ǺҶӶˡ

ǣˣ˰ˣϢһ𣿡ϯڤҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɿ˿ԶϡһǳأڵҪǣǾһ˵
˵껰Ҷâһֳֺڽ۵һû˵һɫɽ֮ڡ
Ҷֱ˵¼֮оѹ󣬲ͣסΣú鿪һʱ
Ҷܲ˼󷨣Ҳǲܣⱻ˷ʲôˣҶɲŷ
ʱ֮ڣҶɫ԰׵һ֮ϣػܣɫҲǴڶԵ
ֻǴ˿̵ҶɣһϢ˷ǱһΣȻԲ׷ƴʩչѪѱ׷ϡ
ҲҶܵ˲Сķɣټʱ̷ҩ̫࣬ҶѴﵽ˳ܵļޡ
΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷһǳڵķռ䣬˴Ũ˵˻һЩ
Ҷ˫ĿһյĴ˴ҲһֱޱȣҲǹԹԵĴڶ֮ڣûи벽

ݣȸ
ĵӰգһϴɻ֮ɫԶȣɢĿֲȻȫǻӤϹ֣ƽӰĴڡ
һź£ò׶ӣüͷһ˵λ֮ǰȷЩ춯֪Ϊ˰ˡ
ԣһŰ£ͷ׷΢΢һЦڵκħħŲ˹ûв鵽ʲô𣿡
īɽڣǱǵȷֵģ֪ʲôҲӦ֪ĸġκħĺ΢΢һЦŰ˵һ䡣
ӷλʩʲôȻѾˣӦúòԭ򣬲֪γʩΣʱһģĿϺУ΢ЦĳһŻۣĸݵ˵һ䡣
ԣ˵ͷڵĳÿȼʦ֮ǬȷҲͷ쳣Ҳûвʲôԭ򡣡
üͷһ壬ڵУǰīѵĸͽͰ
κɲô˵ǰ׷ħͷѾŻϾʼ˭Ҳʵݵģ䣬ֻѧղѡһƲ˵
ߣ쵱ס֮ˣǬҲ֣֮ϸ㣬ʧҲСġ۸꿴˺һۣ˵˵
γѣǺĵû䣬㵱Ȼû£κĳҪĶ󡣡ɫŭһһۺȻ
ӷλʩôֳҵȽȵģǵȾ¿ɷȷһţȼʦһţε˵һ䡣
ԣʼ磬ЩĬ

⣬գۼţʮʱ䣬ڷƺҲֻǱһչص顣
ԥݱԵһԭһʱһڳ˵ϣԱƯһɫõӰȥЩӡ
ԶһֻСĽɫܣڵ洣ţȥȫޣ˫Ŀӡ
мһɫӰŰɫϼһϢǿᣬԪɿı˵Ӱ
ˣǱչʮҶɣ
ֻҶһѺתɢʮǰҪǿϢʱüʱ̷ŵҩ
Զ۾תͣȥЩĵӣһ̤ڽһַɵͷϥ߶ʲô
ʱ̫ˣˣڳԲˣϾ̫ˣҪһָʵգһգ۾ǻҷ
ǣСҲ˯ˣ̫ˣ˱չأȳȥתת𣿺õģǣԼͬˡת


331 
Ҳ֪˶ãҶϼһʢһϢﵽ㣬ɫ޷Զзһ䡣
৵һ£ϼһһǿϢҲǻƬ̺˫Ŀһâ
ȥ𣿡ҶͷҲ̧˵һ䣬ȻƽͣĶȴŵúһ
˵ģˣһֱû뿪ζЩŵòᡣ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦڵˣػ㳤ʱ䡣
࣬Ӧģһգ۾͹ȥˡһת˵ȴЩ
Ҷɵ˵ͷһƬ̺üͷһ壬ڵСྐྵȻû˯ʮ꣬޵ѣӦòСǡ
ǣˣСװ˯ɣǲǲΪ˳ҪȥһЦ˵
Ǻǣˣ㲻һˣҲóˣʮȥЩӦûˡҶ΢΢һЦ׼Ѱ֮
õģûн״Բһڤȥһ
ԣҶҡҡͷڵԲǰ״ﵽģ˷ֻﵽ۷ѣԲҲ̫Զˡ
˵껰Ҷ¶Ц⣬̧˿ܣȥ֮󣬽ڤϼһŵ֮϶ȥ
һƬԭ֮ϣһɫӰһ󣬱˰ա
ԶϡԿһǳƬ̣ݹһ𣬻Ϊһƿնȥ
ǣԥݶϲԵǳعģ̫󣬵̶ȴ˿ǳء
Ϊ븽ڣʿٻᾭ˵أ˳зҲЩҡ
һգһ֮УһΪ˿ͽʲôһŰµꡣ
Ĳýܣֻ˵Ƿ̫ԪԼͺãˣҲԡ˵˵һ䡣
ԣüͷһ壬εҡҡͷ״뿪̡
һṦ򣬴˵Ӱһ۱߳Ĵһۣǽһջ֮С
ˣҶɡ
ջڣҶϥڴͷһС죬ҲûʲôõϢ˵֪޷ż˵ʱ֣ҶҲò
Ϣһڶһ磬Ҷɱ뿪˿ջ
ڽתһ磬ҶȻûзʲôջȥһСĲ̡ԫ󡯡
ҶɸһţһƣѯҶҪֲϣ򵥽̸˼䣬Ʊҡҡͷ
ǰҪĲϣȥ¥ʰɣһ¥һЩͨĲϡ˵꣬ƹȥ
״Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴˵ˈԫ¥
¥̫ܰڷżľܣڷһЩϣǰһֻľһľ֮ϣһߡ
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ҶԹԵĿ˿ľϰڷŵĶƬ̺󣬺Ȼһƣдš񡯶֣ȴûпϡ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУЩû뵽ҵ񣬵õ޸ĲϾʣһˡ
֪γ۵ģҶһ漴ת˿ߡ
ʲô񣿹ĳаʱһֿ˽ţһźµĴ˽
ԲҶüͷһ壬˿ˡ
λʵڲ˼ֻһ顣߿˿ˣ΢΢һЦ˵
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿź´󺺣ԼõǰҲװֵġ
λѣƺ֮ˣϣӣұص֮´󺺿һҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶüͷ΢壬ڵѣҶɣҶĳҲҪģ֪ɷø£߿ʹϽһ¡
ŶĳǲҪϣʵڲĳӣҲֻʵ˵ˡ˵꣬ɫһһǿϢ΢΢һš
ԶߵоϢ֮Уɫ׵Ŷˡ
ԣҶתΪ񣬿ò˶һˣֻǸǣʵڲʲô鷳
ΣҶѿǻת⣿ĻǾ͵ú̸̸һ֣Ҷһۡ
ãȻ˵Ҷĳֻ÷ˡҶɫһ˵
Ŷٺ٣Щ̵ġû뵽ҶɾȻͬ⶯֣ȴǺ޾ɫҶ¥ȥ
ҲûʲôޣҲûмڶ֣ϾӰ˼⣬˼ж㣬Ҳûа취
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ԣǾڴ˵ز̨רһЩ˱֮ãȻλ޳Թǵ㵽ΪֹлԱϣ߿һۺ´󺺡
Ŷģĳɱ˵ģٺ١˵껰´һԾķɵ̨֮ϣһƲĿ˿Ҷɡ
״Ҷһ̨һ쭷ҶɵӰֶһصĿź´󺺡
˿ȥ֣ҶɸоˣһɼǿıȥѼԸ
ˣλϵ̨¾ͿˣܵĽ˵껰Сһӣˢһ̨ܹϼһһɵĽƹֶ


332 ת
Ȼ¸ҽսЩֶβǣĳǲֵģٺ١˵껰һ˦һɫ䵽˰ա
˱һ֣ҶɱǸоһɺصѹȥһͱһıӲӴ˴һ֮
ҶɸҪų֮ʣȻһٵ𣬴ͥԺҶɶҲ
λǰҪִ֣¸ոմϢǼ񣬿ȿȣѾȡĴˣӦǱȥˡδ䣬һӰͥԺ֮ڡ
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һһ¥Ҷɲû뿪ԫĴһ֮󣬱Ŷ¥ȥ
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ҵһ飬ϲҲգȥط˳
ҶԣæߣһˈԫſڣӰһģ֮£ʧ˽ֵ֮ϡ
һſڣҶסһʿ׼Ū۵ĵַһҪ֮ǰҵۡ
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£ҶٴһʿֱѻҶϲɫһ˵ȷʿ
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ۣѣʿüͷһĿһҶɣϳһ˿֮ɫ
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۾סںתȥʿҶɹ۵ĵַ
лҶ˵꣬һʧ˽ֵ֮ϡ

һ֮ϣһӵĽȥ󣬴˵أǹؼҸۡ
ؼҲûʲôҲլԺѣϥһһŮ緲˰ϾѴ׼úһ
ؼǰһɫӰԶĳſڣһլԺ
ڣһۣĸݵߣһľ֮ϣһ޵òŮӣʱĽϵˮ͵ߵĿС
Ůһڵʿһ۷Ĵڡ
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ǣоâ˸ɻĴҶɣԵŮվߵ
Ҷɣ˷ǰ񣬻ϣѡû˵꣬߱Щͷİ˰֡
ûдҶѿҴطˡüͷһ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵŶϣصѿԺúÿһ£ûпɿϢҶĳҲˡ
һеĴһҶɣüһڵŶ˵Ҷбˣ֪ںδ֪Ϣ
صѣҲ˵Ҷĳֻ빺ģϢ֪֪ҲûʲôõġҶ΢Ц˵
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ԣҶһϲŶǲ֪صѴγۡ
ҶѣˣϷѾ۸ˡ˵˵һ䡣
Ҷĳ֪ûг۵İɣҪȴյġҶ΢΢һЦ
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ԣҶһһ˦֮£һöŹۼȥ
صѣȻ㲻ۣǾͿĲϣʲôҪģҶĳ㽻Ҷ˵˵
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£ԼԷҽ˶ʵԼȫĹۻᷴڣҲòϾﲻ
˵Ҷһᵽ񣬹۱ֱӽߣϾҶɣŭԼһ
һ߲鿴ڼصĲϣһŰ취׼ҶɴߣϾʯûпۣȷʵûг۵˼
ףʱϺȻ¶һ֮ɫдһ˿ϲ
Ϲԭԫǿģƥ򣬾ʲôʱܰ񽻸ңȻ⴫


333 ҹ
Ҷɫһԭ䷢ͻ޷ˡ
˿̣۵ɫȴ粻ɫ任ΣһҧæڵҶѣȥԺԺϷȥ㡣
䣬ڵŮ޼æҶ˫ĿһеĿ˿ۣһĸȥҲ˿
Ƭ̺һ۵˴֮ڣҶŮӵӰȴʧ
Ǻǣѣ롣ۼæվΣһơ
Ҳûпʲôһӣֵ
صѣ֪ʱܹȡǈԫ˵ѾȡѵϽüͷһһ䡣
ԣҡҡͷڵѣ֪ڱϢ֮ЧһֱСŮϣûнԫԭ
СŮûлϷѾţҲʱ䣬ϷὫ񽻸ѵġ
ŶԭˣҲգȻڳ˵ջϲģĳͽһöŷһع飬һҪ֪ͨҡ˵껰һ˦׳һöɫ
״æ΢Цĵ˵ͷڵл⣬ԼǣСŮ·Զǵڻزġ
޷ʱ֪ͨұˣĳ㲻ɵ£ٺ٣˵껰΢΢һЦ
һᣬȥһ֮ϣɫЩ
޷ֻһ飬뽻ԲܴģǺõģɫ粻

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ʱһۼҴҵ˽ֽһأһӱ
ҶѣҲӣϷҪһֵҩ֪γۣ˵꣬ɫһĿҶɡ
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ԣ˫ĿһУ¶˼֮ɫ״ҶҲţֻ΢ЦĿźߡ
ĬãۿڵȻˣҲֻҶѽˣϾֻǸʯҪ
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ٺ٣СŮϣֲǣ˵ʱ˵·ϱ˴˱ǣֻҪҶѲ©Ҳûʲô֤ݵġһЦ˵
Ŷԭˣ֪ӺʱعǣҶʵ
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ڶһʱ䣬ҶҲû뿪벽ҲûҹҶɣ峿ڵŮӣȴҶɵſڡ
Ҷѣ룡˵꣬ŮſڵȴҶ΢΢һЦ뿪˾ҡ
ڣҶɶУŮվ˹۵󣬶ڴ֮Уһİӣʮ꣬һ۷ʿ
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ѣһᣬҶɣ˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ
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ŶҲãպΪ൱ܹ̽һĵõġҶ˵꣬΢΢һЦǽһЩ׾顣
ڼĵ𾢵ʱ򣬴ſӰһһɫȹɫ԰ףݽ޵Ůſڡ
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ӣǣ״ҶɼæתͷȥţоһȻתͷضŹõǰ
һīɫ壬ĵĹڹѩ׵Ĳϡ
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۱Ǹ˽ƣ˫֮ҸΥߣ˷ԭǴҸ˽ȣһЩǰҡ
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ֻǰŻţѾƭ׼÷뺣֤ˣʵЩƭǰ
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ߣȻҶĳ鷳ҲͲܹҲˡ˵꣬Ҷкâһ
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ԣɫһϲ˿Ҷе壬漴ڵлҶǰǰԺԸţ
״Ҷҡͷʲô񣬾õıˣٺ١˵껰Ҷа塣
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ҶЩɻĿ˿е壬漴һŭĿǰĹá
㣬µĶҶĳһ㷨ûУҺҪ㣬ȴ׼𱨣ҶЩɲĿŹá
ԣüһ壬æڵûУʲôû
ȿȣ㻹ҪƱ磿ҶĳһµûУѵжĪ˵ۣһǰڶûԱ֮ΪʲôҶɫ԰׵˵ͷϲϵصźˮ
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ۣԭǵļƲߣԭŮҶ˵˵һ䣬¶֮ɫ
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ֻҪһӴƤĹ򣬱˷ʧˣȫһûУҴ˶ɫζǸڷ뺣ǰеõġ
üƲߣҹ뿪ڶһ磬·أǰģٻʱֹ۵
˵ֻǶ̶һɲǣǰһֵᷢģҲͻ
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û뵽ǰһټ˾ӣȴ޷סģ㻹ǽӹȫͿ˽ҩ
֮ǰǰжԿʼѯ¶ʹթ˲ûиҳʲô
Ͼǰֻж֢״һǰɾҪΣˣжûжĻ޷˵ҩģֻװװӰˣһװԴ˶Ķԡ
ֱǰ˵ж֢״ԣԼı֣ŸȷģʵҲСģԸ׵Ƣӹ֮󣬿¾ͻᶯˡ
ˣǰ֪ģˣҲԺú·ˣǰľҵķϣԶֵġ
һ֪ͨ׶ֵģϾˣã׶ȵżˣ˵껰һɫ԰ףҶɣǵһгһöŷ


335 Ѫ
ŮЦŴŷһ鴫ŵӣҶɲɵ˫ĿһС
ȵȣҶ˵һ䡣
Ŷ˴˿̣ǰͲˡεЦЦȴû˿֮⡣
ǷҶĳҾԻὫȳȥԪҶĳҲԸ㣬㵱治ŹҶĳҶɫһ˵
˼Ԫ֮ǰѾˣģͰ·ɣ±ӲҪ̫ˡ˵껰ŮԥһŴŷһ
һ̣Ůȴɫһףдһƺߣһĵĵһ漴̱˵ϣһȻ˿Ҳ޷
ûŷȴʧԶڴŮЩɻʱȻɫ䣬¶֮ɫЩŵӡ
ҶɵΣ֪ʱĳǰȥϢƽȣɫжӡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿ã̧һУವһŷϣ漴ľ֮ϣһζĿŴŮ
⣬⣬ôܣѾжˣ˵Եģȷġһ޷ŵӡ
ԣҶһڵٺ٣Ҷĳȷǽӹ񣬲ǶȴҶĳ飬ٺ١
˶Ϊ鶾ɢԭɫζһӴƤ˷ͣ߷ޣ˰ڲҿ˵
㾹Ȼ֪˶һ˿֮ɫ
ߣֹ֪ҶĳԼϾд־綾˶һԣǲ̫һӴƷų΢â
㽫彻ҵʱҶĳͷ˴ֶҩʱҶĳ˫֣ȡ˽ҩѣǰ֣ǶʲôǷ֮롣
ǣҶĳҪѽҩͿĨȣⱻϵľ綾մϣҶĳԴ˶ҩԵ˽⣬װװӻǺܼ򵥵ģ˵ԣǸǼ򵥲ˡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
Ƕޣʵû뵽ңʵ©һ
Ҷ˫ĿһУԼ㲻ʲôޣԼոԪ۹ԥݣնɱĵһʿһպĶޡ
˵ʵһ㣬ԶϵʵǳǼŸ־綾ԼҩõĵþҶɵΪӦԪμӾжû¹ѧϰ
˵֮Լû̫öҩҶɶһЩ綾ĶȴǷǳ˽⣬ͿĨľ綾պԼҲУǵɢѹģȻжӦĽҩ
ʵҶͷ˹뺣Щ̫Ծ˵ݵúܺãǱҶɿһЩ
Ҷĳûȫ㣬ԣ±ҲűˣԵŮӣҲ۰ռ㣬Ҳ׶ġ
Ļķʽ뱻۰ռк𣿵ȻֹһҶĳҲûҪϸ˵ˡҶһ˵ЩϷʵĿŹá
ǰɷһ·ͦͦԸţһǰķԸô˿ŵɫҰףҲ֪ҶʩչʲôֶΣһҲûС
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵŹ㣿ٺ٣ǵҶĳᣬǷŹҶĳһԪĳͣǷǵ㵱λشģ˵꣬Ҷɫһ֣Źͷһץ

ؼҴ֮ڣ뺣ˣľ֮ϣһ粻֮ɫ
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ԣüͷһ壬ڵ˵СӦûֵģһ⿪¶ļҲܲһģʱǵõĺôÿһ롣
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ӳһУȴù뺣ɫһ䣬ϵЦݵסг֮ɫ
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Ҷɿ˿ɫĹۣԼɫѿķ뺣ЦлصѵˣĴٺ٣ŷҶĳģǣ
˵껰Ҷɻ˻еĴһģ֮£ʧӰ١
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һɫӰһɶһǻһ㣬һİ׺ۣԶȥ
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Ƿĳ͸ˣҿҲʱ뿪Ǳܱܷͷǲ׷Ź㡣˵껰뺣˹֣ݹһĳǷȥ
״˫ȭյĸֱ֨֨죬ϴŨŨĺ⣬ûһ˼֮£Զɶݶߡ

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ºҶһƬԭϿۣ˿ǰֵһǳأǶݹһķ˹ȥ

Ҷɲ֪뿪ʮպݹһɶֱˣʿ
֣ѵǴӵõϢ֪׷ٹˣɴ϶̶̼ձ뿪ģһɻ
ԣüͷһ壬ҡͷӦòᣬһɢޣܵõʲôϢģܷǵ١
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״΢΢һЦڵƺ˽Сӣ
ߣ׷ɱˣ٣˽һЩģȻԸ£赶ɱ˵ֶȴǼߡ
ҴӲûô鲻кô飬»ڰҲԣǵ󸹺֮˵һ䡣
ŶµǺܺ棬֪˷ɱ񱳺ĽʲôˣһȤӡ
ԣһУڵΪǿܻ𣬿ңҵֻǽ񣬸֪ݡ
ʼ磬ЦԭҲûָõʲôϢǵҲ㽫ǽɱѻ꣬ҲԵõõϢ
ֻϵ㣬ȴҲ֯ٺ٣治֪ʲô˴ģŪڹ֮䣬
ٺ٣ʲôҵǸ֮ˣǺȣûˣΪƴҲȻЦһ
ŶҸоԪƺǼɱ񣬲ûнǺ֯İɣһ䡣
ԣ΢΢һЦڵץסС֮ǰȫס֪𣿡
⵹Ǹð취ǳɡ˵һ䡣
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һЦڵȻûϢȻڸתתˣȥ˴ĳǳؿˡ
˵˵ͷ漴˶ݹһ𣬻ƿնȥ

һеȳǳ֮ڣҶɵӰĳֵ֮ϣǳأǡ
ҶҲǸո˴ʮĹ漴Ǵ֮һ߷˼֮ҲûдʲôϢ
ҿҶɸҪһ֮ʱȻһŭȣ漴תһ
һϰĴ󺺣һŭĿһ꣬˵˵һ䡣
ԣһʯѣĪҪ̫Ѿ㹻ˡ
ߣӣ۸ҵˣҪǸ˵ָָ꣬һ԰׵һʿ
Ҷɼ˶ڵΪǺ꣬ǲԸ󺺶ֵӡ
ֵܿȺԽԽ࣬һ˽ӣҶɿ˿ǲᣬתԶ뿪
һڵǸҿǷˣߡ˵꣬ϴŭ
ԣһ֣ڵãȻ㲻Ը⣬ҾԶδ䣬һ֡
ˢһһâһĺȻڰջΪһӲӵľ޴ɢů⣬һɫ˿ϡ
ţһɫ΢΢һɢһӴѹֵܿȺҲɫһ䡣
˵һɫ޴âһϯһƿ֮źһҶȥֲѹɢ
ʱո߳ԶҶɣƺоϢɫһһ˿ϲɫתĿǱɫ޴


337 
֮Ҷɿǽɫ޴֮󣬱¶ŨŨϲɫ˴һ޴˵֮ر𾫴ôһҲ֮
Ҷһ˼ʲôһȺ˹
¸ǸۿŴ󴸾Ҫͷϣڳס˵ĺһ䡣
״һЦڵߣ⻹ࡣ˵껰ǿƴͣ˺ʿͷûм䡣
һ־磬ԺӷǸգ˿ֱҡͷԭΪֿû뵽û־ͽˡ
Ƭ̺󣬴˵ʿ̸䣬Ǵֵ뿪˴˴һͬȥ
֪λѸʯĳʱһתüͷһ˵
ԣһɫӰڴһˣҶɡ
Ҷɣʯһ飬һʱ䡣Ҷɫһ˵
Ŷĳʶ㣬ʲôֱ˵ˬĻһ䡣
Ҷɿ˿󺺣ͷʯѣ֪Ǽɷ۸£
ԣһ㶣漴¶һ˿ŭ⣬ڵߣҶĪڿЦԼıܳ۸ˣ
ҶЦЦֵʯ趯ŭǱϾֻһͽ鱦ʹһн鱦ȡеıΣ
ʲôн鱦ɫһн鱦ǿǱȸ߽鱦ǿϲٵܣ˶һȷʵռвСıˡ
һ˼ҡͷĳĶһʯĳȴ޷ģǣóͱ
ʯĳ󣬴̤ſʼһֱʹͱЩģʯĳʵòϰߡ
ԣҶɵЩͷн鱦Լм˵ͱϻһûУΪʼֱʵǺ١
˱˵󣬾ܹӲн鱦̶ȣȴǼһ㣬Ҵ߶ķѷһ˺Ըʹȱ
һʹô˱֮ˣҲǺѽתʹõԵУҶ˵Щۺ֮˲ûеԼҶҲֱӶǿġ
ʯѣߣҶĳһн鱦һͽ鱦ȥһһͱңʣһ鱦
ʵڲУҶĳԸһЩϣ֪ʲôҪ֮Ҷһ˵˼ַһȻǼҪ˼
ɫò˼֮䣬ȻҶɫһ䣬üͷ΢Ŀ˿Զ
ʯѣ㵽ܲܶһǿԣҶĳϽˡҶЩȵһ䡣
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ɻҶѺæһҪǡû˵ֻ꣬Ҷɶݹһ𣬱Զȥ
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˵껰ҡҡͷת뿪˴˴
ڣһɫӰһӣ૵ôôң֡
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ˢһλΪһӰ̼ʧ˴˴
ԼôһĹӰǳ˴˵أ漴ɫһһһЦӡ
ôҾ˵ڸĳǳصģǸˣǼ׷Σ˵ʲôҲӵߣ˵껰Ӱһģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭա
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Ҷһ߷ɶݣһ߰ľȥᱻ׷ϣ·һƬϿ֮ʱȻɫһ䡣
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ʱ̣Ҷɲ˿֮ͣ⣬֮һתгһ̵ĽɫιС
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״ɫЩ԰׵ĺ˼æһɫƣ漴ݹһĵ
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һĿϼѶֲನϯȥǶֻ赲Ƭ̣Ǳһɣţǿֲ˱û˺˵Ρ
ҶҲܺ˵˫һȣμٵķɶݶ߶ҶɵӰʧãӰԶ
ʶȹֶΣƺֻܶһζѣȻǺѾʩչ˽׷棬õˡ˵껰ߵһ˵ͷ
ţſһžѪ˵һܶݹѪһʢ漴صһɢӰȴʧ
ҿ׷ѾԽԽˣһܵ˵껰Ǵ켸׷ȥ
ǰʩչѪ֮ĺˣԷ½٣ԶԶ˺棬ɫҲǲ԰
һƬϿϿգԶ߷һɫӰֻһƿ֮˵ӰǴϿһɶ
ɫӰոճϿȣȻɫһǰԶһѪɫ۶ϼһ漴ɢ
һɫЩ԰׵ĻֶֶֹΣҶȴһ̧
ݣ
һԿâһɶŻ꼤ȥ
״꼱æ˫ɫ΢ĵͬʱǰȻһУԼһ̫״ͼ
۵һǵâһûУ굱ɫһףдһƺߣһ֮£̫ͼǷԶȻһѶ
ۡһ죬һſһžѪɫ԰ޱȣһĿѾԶݶߵҶɡ


338 
ҶɸոʧãĹĵӰԶɵɫһ
ӾȻʵԻ˴ԲĴڣ۷б˵һ䡣
ԣüͷһ壬ڵҲڴ˵ͨˣȲҪ˵Щϴӡ
һʩչȥסһʱƬ̣Ǽ˿϶Ϳ׷ˣѣθֵ˰ɣ
ԣһ˵Ҳˬ죬˵ʩչѪ֮һģ֮£ʧǰ
ţҲ½ɳ˵Ļ꣬Ǳ˦˺棬ȴʼ֮һ
϶ǴƣҸʩչѪ֮һĲСҲûǰǰǿᣬɵ֮£ûн̸ʲô
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ҶһƬƽԭϿռӹȻҶüͷһ壬оٴʩչѪ֮׷
ھߵ׷֮һ׷ϣھͼѣһܱ˲ס
Ҷɵ۵һſһžѪݹ⵱ΪѪ֮ɫɫҲ˲԰
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһѪһӰ۶һ֮£һںڶм
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ţݹԶƬ̺󣬹ϼһҶɵӰʧȴɫ԰ס
ȻԱһ鱦ߣЩŭ˵ûʲôֶˣǿ׷
˵껰˶ݹһ𣬱Ҫ׷ȴ΢΢һЦڵǺǣҲʩչ˽ֵˣΣӦÿֱӽˡ
ԣüһ漴˿Եķ꣬΢΢˵ͷ
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һɽϿգҶɵθոֶѪâһ漴ʧĹ򣬻۷Ӱ׷
һҶʧ֮󣬷һԥһҧ£ٴʩչһѪ֮Ӱʧ
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æ֮£æһɫƻǰһ̣ʧɫ
صһ죬ɫƱһɣԼ䣬꿴һڳԼն
áһͺȣѪɫݹ֮΢΢һ۵һһֱֻ۵һնˣѪ
ɫһףһ߳Ŷϱ۴˼ֹסѪһ߶ݹһε
ôܣʩչѪ֮Ƿ鸡ʩչӽԲһӶݣһ߿Ҷɶںڽ֮ƿնȥ
ʲôٻ죿ȻԽ߶ЧܣѵǣǰѺڽЩɲӣȴûȥ׷ʲô
ԭΪҶɱ׷ãʩչѪ֮Լٴ׷ҶӦû˻֮ǣϾԼʵ½١
ȴ佫Ǻڽ߷ԲԼܵѪ֮ķɣ赲Ȼֱ۶նϡ
óȻ׷ڴ˵ȺʱһʩչѪ֮ҲǽԶԶ˦˳ȥ
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ԣüͷһ壬ڵھʣҶûʩչѪ֪֮δ㣿
⣡ԣüһ˻߻Լƴʩչȥ׷ˣʵЩΣգƴϡ
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ݹһ𣬱Ҷķ׷ȥɶݣҲھһ
һһɽϿգһ߷ɶݣһ߻ͷ˵һ䡣ѣоʲôûУ
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ӵĶȣҲȻӽҲޣƺһ㡣˵
ҵǶСЩȤˣһ۷ѣȻλԲˣת˵˵һ䡣
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339 
ԥݱԵһѪɫݹһţһڳڶݹڼһɫӰ
ˣҶɡ
ֻǴ˿ɫ԰ޱȣһϢޣǹŵѪȥǱ֮
ԭΪ˷꣬˱ֹͣ׷Ȼ˽׷ᣬԺٶȣ޷˦ˡ
ҺҲ޷̫ãȥ׷ϣ׷һ࣬Ҷסˡ
ۿžԽԽҶɸϢһʱ䣬ʩչһѪ֮ȴҲûӳ˵ĸ֪Χ
Ҷɫ԰׵ڤ֮ϣ΢˼Ƭ̣һҧ£ٴſһžѪ
˵һѪɫһʢҶɵӰһģ֮£ʧ
Ҳ֪˵ضԶһƬïܵĹľУȻһƬѪһںڽ֮ϵİɫӰֶ
һ̣ڳһ·ȥڿҪڵʱ򣬰ɫӰɫһףſһѪ
ˣҶɣȻоһתԼ䣬һԥĿԼ
Ҷþһ˿ֳ̧źһ㣬һҽдವһûڽҶڡ
ţҶɸо˫һڣʧȥ֪ε˵ϡ

ͬһʱ䣬˺Ȼһ٣ɲĵףȻʩչѪ֮Сӻһ
ԣ˵˵ͷڵѾӳҵȸ֪Χ׷ȥ˵ӻкεֶεġ
΢΢һЦڵٺ٣ҿǵİɣ
ߣкε֮
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ŶѵûеĹĻΪβʩչѪ֮׷˵ûǺ֮ˣƴ˰ɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣüһ漴ʼ磬ǲ

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лˣԺ롣˵껰ûж˵ʲôԹԵĴһԡ
״Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴ַ̧ųһ߿ܣţһ֮£ʧ˴Ƭռ䡣
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˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһգǴϢ˴ռҲǼžޱȡ
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ڷ֮˵αʧƺǴδֹٴ˵һ㡣

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һǰҶɱǽΪָ۷壬ŷȣҶɱһ֮£Բƿ


340 
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ǰգԲؼʱ̣ջʧܸգҶҲû뵽Բ֮Ȼͻơ
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Ӵ˵Ч϶ģ΢˼Ƭַ̧̣ųһڴ󶦣һ˦֮£ϳ˸ҩǹ׼ġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦַһ漴Զһ۵һ֮£ȼҶǽһҩ˴֮С

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СҹѾ˯ˣߣҲүξȻչʮ꣬ˣЩί˵һֻǽɫܣƺڶ˵ʲô

һһɫӰһƬԭϿշɹٶ֮죬֮£ʧʡ
󣬴Ԫ۹ݱԵһɫӰԶ֮£ǳ˰ա
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п̫ԪҶ˵һ䡣
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341 ׷
һſڣҶɱǿһɫӰԶɶݶߡ
״Ҷһ˶ԼȻʲôɸ˵ܣƺԼЩϵ
°âһҶɵ˲ʧ
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ŶһϻҶĳ⽫ɱȻԶԪ۹ġҶɿڵ
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ӹҶʶһɨ漴΢΢һЦڵȻˣףһ·˳Ҷĳڹŷǹ
΢ͷӦǶݹһԶȥ
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343 
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˵Խ׷ɱҲҪʱ䣬˵ʱ׷ģңڽˣҶҲȫΡ
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ʣһѡǾǻصˣ뵽Ҷɽһᣬһתԥݷȥ
˷ƺǴ˳־սȻҶɼԶûʹѪ֮ں治Ųæ׷š
ҶɱǽԥݷΧڣӵȻûз׷ƺǴȥ
߸ºҶһƬϿռӹһ׵̷˼Żָĵҩ˷Ƕ׼ȫ治һ̫á

ʦ֣СӾȻôûûʼƴ㼱ԥݣѵʲôֲɣһ߷ɶݣһһ䡣
ٺ٣֣Ԫ۹˭ҵֶԸԪǻŲ·ɡ˵һ䡣
ʱ˵ӸòҪӳҴԪ۹ɣһ䵽˵ʲô֣Ҳġ
ٺ٣ҲҪǸӵĻУǶϤһɢޣȥġ

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Ҷ˼֮ʣкȻڳӰΪĿҶɡ
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Ҷһɫ쭷ϯವһԶɶݶߡ
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ҶɸоԪԽԽɵ¶֮ɫһΣһ̵ĽɫιУҵǰնȥ
ɫֻ΢΢赲Ƭ̣ǺȻһɣţնն˹ȥ
״˸ԼƣһĿϼѶ˵Ժ˼̧ͷȥҶɵӰӵԶ轣ҲǱ
СӶ죬ȫ׷ϵġһ˵
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ȻЩɲĿ˿Զ߰˵ݹ⼤Ŵ˴йȻмԲʿ
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һṦʿθӣڸӹҶӶݵķ׷˹ȥ
һһڵʦ֣㲻㰡Сôãԭӵû뵽Ȼ·ٵġ
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һа˶ټ죬ƿ֮Ҷ׷ȥ
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ˣҶɻ䣬ǰٴֳ߰˵źµӰҶɵɫ


344 
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߰˸º󣬴Ԫ۹㴦һƬɽ֮Уһɫɽ³һ󣬱ĳɳ۶ȥ
Ҷڴ֮ڣֱ˿̣Щ԰׵ɫҲЩתϢҲָһЩ
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ԴӺ֣׷ɱϣҶʱҲû٣ټԪԼա
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ǻǧϹоȻٺ١Ҷ˫Ŀ˷֮ɫ漴һ֮£ǲ
ǹԹԵĴԭһԵںڽ֮ϣʱĶţȻЩƵӡ

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ݿԵڣȻ󣬵ڵľ󵹻Ƿһ߳ǡĳǳأֳС
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ʱԪҲӰҵģԪ㹻ѰһԵˣٺ١˵꣬״һ׵ĺһơ
ҡҡͷڵϷǲˣ̤űǵС£ҲʲôΣյ飬Ҳͼȡ
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߳ǣҶɱǵ͵£Ӳɢ޵һЩжʲôִҶҲһЦ
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뵱Լɽ֮ʱɽڵһ±ˣԥݵʱΪɢޣǱԪ˴ѹĺܲҡ
˵ȣʱһҶȴ˼Լͬͨһ㣬䣬Ϊȴûʲô̫Ľչ
ԼһЩԵĴβ֮лõģһֱȥҲһͬһֻͼȣԼʮ䣬ҲڵʵΪ
ԵΣ棬ûб̵ɢҪչֻΣ֮ѰԵеƴſдΪģҶ˵껰˫Ŀһ漴һһöС


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ǬԪǸԲҩڹ۵ĴеõģҶɾЩĳһϢѴﵽһ㣬׼ǬԪڳԳһ´Բ֮

߳ǣĳլԺ֮ڣӰϥͨǬˣһһŮޣȥʮҵӡ
ӣģ˷жһμӵģǺǣʱɱ޵һҪƽֲſɡ״һЦ˵
ԣòٸ΢΢һЦλѷıãжֲʲô룬ֻһȥɱ޶ѣõôȻƽֵġ
˶٣òٸˣ˷ҶѲ֪ǷμӣϾҲڵΪڣɹҲһЩġ
⣬ѣҶƺӲµģϴɱԳûвμӣǴεжΰȫˡ״ҡͷ˵һ䡣
üһ壬ɻҶѾȻܵѻҪأûȥʣû׼Ҷѻμӵġ
ˣϷȥ˺üεģҶһֱڱչأԸȴǲμӴµġͨҡͷЦƺҲЩ֮⡣
ŶȻˣҲҪǿѣֻͼȵԸ񣬻Ͳ̤·ģֲĻҼǡ˵˵һ䡣

ºĳ侲ڣҶץһöӯӯĵҩһ΢Ц⡣
ʧܣǬԪǱ˳Ƭ̣Ҷɱǽһֻƿ֮ڣ¶˼֮ɫ
߳û֮䣬̫ԪҲûʲôϢӦȥطˣ֮ǰӦñչһǡҶ˵껰Ӱһ漴ʧ˾֮ڡ
֮߳⣬һɽϿգҶż󷨣һֻֻС븽գû档
৵һ£ƹֳһɹɽƲɢҶɼ֮Ϣһƹ漴ʧ
˵س˶İɫ֮⣬ھûʲô֮ȥͨͨ
Ҷɼ״ĵ˵ͷ漴һ֮£˵
һʱ֮ڣҶϥ˼Ƭ̺󣬱ǽ˳һ֮󣬺Ƿɵ˶Ե
Ҷ˫Ŀһգɮ붨һֱºһϢﵽ۷֮ʱһ
ৣԪһٵҶڹעȥʩչ˹Ԫ׼Բ֮

ȣԭʱ򣬴˵ӦǲӰĴŵˣڴפ
˵࣬ÿֻʿѣʮ˾۵һ𣬿ȥûʲô٣·һʲô
һ´󺺿˿ڣһֵĵλһֱûʲô֪ûʲôϢ
ôڴ˵ػĲͷ𣿺ٺ٣˵һһ˵
´΢΢һЦڵŶôǬһ£λҲ֪ڴ˵ػãȷʵûʲô쳣ġ
ʱɮۣͷһţЦλʩ磬ع˶ãǻȥġ
Ͼ˵ʵˣҵҲǰװػҲǵеʱѡ
ʦ˵еٺ٣ǻǰػȽϺã˵ʱ䣬λŻǰġһ˵꣬˲ԼͬĿ˿ȣ漴

һһƬɽϿգһ޴ԪзɿСţһṦ򣬱۵һû˵
Ҷڶ֮ڣɫϼ˸ͣ˫Ŀգһ֮ɫȥЩ㲵ӡ
ԲԶһֻƿ˵ϣװǬԪƿֻǴ˿̿տյ
Ƭ̺Ҷɵַһ䣬Ԫ৵һ£ǻ۵ҶڣϼɢǿϢ
󣬹ϼһ¶ҶɵӰԭһǿϢҲǻ
˫ĿһâЩƣϣ¶Щ˷ܵЦ⡣
ҲֻǾ⼸ʮķǬԪãҶڴ˷չ֮У˳Ľ׵Բ֮
ǿŽ𵤣ܳһĴ·ҲǱԭȴһȦһЩҺŨ˫ȭһգȵķɵһ
Ǵ˿Ԫ֮˵׷ɱҶ㹻ĴݶˣٵĻܽԷƣֱնɱġ
˷ףҶɸоǷ壬ʶ֮ȫǵڿԱġ
ֲԲʵǿ֮࣬ҲѣһףҶɱǸܵԲ֮յĿֲ
ԽļԽԿԽ׼ѣʵҲ޴ͬǻӤʵڵʿսڡ
ÿһС²ȽʲôͣʱҲʵԣͬʿ޷뻯ӤϹֵֿһ㡣
һڵı仯Ҷ˼һĳһöǼط
ͨҲҪԲΪſԳ֮ʹпѣĹ̡
ԲҶɵʶ֮Щյģһǳ֮ڡ


346 
һºҶɽطԺ˼̣о©ָʱ򣬲˫ۡ
˹һΣԣʧܣѣֱ䣬Ҳʿ𣬴̫ķչ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ˿һŹֵӡڷ̰ͬһȴЩŤ
ʶڣɫˣһɹȵʶ֮γһʶ˿Զͷ֮⼤
Уһɫ˿ֶһͬʰڰУճһӯӯ
˹̼仺ҶһֱСÿһʶߣ齨ɫ
ºҶɱһƣ֮ɫеɫС˴һ߶ߣȥ˵ȥֻһŹӰڣѷֱ䳤࣬Ҷɵݼƣڱֻһֱ˫ۣȥԵӡ
˿ɫСˣҶЩƣϣ¶֮ɫһ̣ȴһصӡ
ʱҲؼһԼ꣬һ֣ע뵽ʶ֮۳СڣӵԼ꣬жʶ
зһ䣬Ҷ껯ΪһŻɫڵڽܷһ
Ҳ֪˶ãŻɫ꣬ڴмһΪֻǴСͬȻ֮֡
˿̣ҶɵɫǼ԰ףĺڶͷϹ£ҧأȥЩʹӡ
Ҷɻ̧֣ŰɫС˻һ㣬ಣһŻâ۵һ£û˰ɫС˵ڡ
ͬʱҶһдһƺߣɫ԰ޱȣȥҲЩŤȻЩܲס֮ʹһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶһѱˮʪЩĳŰС˴һ
˵һɫС˹ϼһյ˫ĿȻһâȥʮ㣬ʿʵٵӡ
ţ˼һĻˣɫСһſڣȻԵ˵
Ϣһ°ɣԼãϾ壬ҲһһϦ֮¡ɫС˵껰Ưڰϥ˫ĿһյĴ
״ЩǱҶ΢΢һЦʹ࣬Ҳǵõһ˿οҶȴҲҳԵڶΣΪǵʹֱ࣬һܳܵ˵ġ
Ҷɵļ㣬ǰҲЩȻɹҶȴǼƺϴܵشԣҲûһ㡣
Ҷɿ˿ɫСˣ΢΢˵ͷ˿̶˵ļȫһֻҶΪķֻڵΪѡ
Ҵ˿̵ķҲȫɹ佫۳֮ʱǳ׳ɹΪҶɲġ
ϾԼԲΪǾ߷ҲǾ׵ĸܣڼûʲôƿʿ侳ָΪѣҲֻһʱ⡣
ڷҶɾͰﲻ̫æˣҲЩѰһЩ϶ѣϵ飬ҪԼ
ֻܽһΣ۷ɹʼͣȻ²ǾԣҶȷʵڳܴĥ
һЩͨ򵥵ҶɵǿֱӹעӵľͱˣϾʿһ߷ҶɵͨҲ°빦
˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ֮£ʧ˴Ƭռ䣬ֻ˰ƯɫСˣɢɫϼȥЩӡ
Զĺ۾תתȥЩĴɫСˣԴҲ֪˼ʲô

ռڣҶһ֮ϣһʪѱøˬޱȣֻһϢȻ
˫Ŀգָռڵƺ˲٣ȴȻû¶й̨ס
磬ҶҲʲôϾոûнӴ֮ˣڵ˼ʶҶɻһģһġ
ȻǽԷųӴ˶ʱһã߽ӵвͬĶ˼ʶʶַܻ磬ΣɱҲǷ
Ҷɾ˷غ󣬻Ǹ½Ϊã˵ԼҶҲǺܷģԱʶΪӰȫһЩ
ʱգһתʱ䣬ǴҴҶ
ҶɵӰȻ˿δһϢȴǸʤǰɫҲѻָɢİɫϼ
һգҶ˫ĿһâϼһϢҲǻָƽ
벻˷أǻָΪͻ֮ãһΪ˵ûʲôȴǸȹһЩҶ΢΢һЦ˵
˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿ռڵı仯¶һ˼֮ɫҲ֪Ǻʱܿеİء
˵꣬Ҷҡͷ̾ϢһԴӵõ᫵·УҶٴ˸ĸ
ٴһʱ䣬ʵû̫֮ԪͻݿɣҲ֪ƹˡ˵껰Ҷɱ뿪˷ռ䡣
ڣâһҶɵӰֶͬʱɫС˫ĿһĿ˿ҶɣӰȥʵ٣Ҳа˶ߵӡ
ҶɿڣɫС˱ǿԵ˵˷Ȼ˰ʱָ˹ʵС
һûӴʲôʶ㻹ͬʱ򣬻Ǹ½ƵĺãԺʲôӡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦ˿˵˼ĻͬԺ󣬿߷Ͳôˣ˭ҲҪɵġ
ҶһһͼâԶͷ۵һûǾ߷Ķͷ֮ڣϼصһֶŽơ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵΪԺȫЩҲм䣬ȰĨ˵
Ҷ˵꣬ɫС¶һ˿֮ɫһ̵Ŀڵô㲻𣿡


347 
ɫСһ⣬ƺЩִӣҶ˫ĿһУڵ߷ȻĨòҪʲô
˵껰Ҷɴһץ۵һɫС˵֮ϣɫСһ鴤ãֱҶɽŲŻָƽ
ҶҲû뵽̵ʱڣ˶ûнӴһ߷ɶ˼롣
ҲǣͻȻվ˵Լı壬ʵԼҲ뷽跨ܣΪԼȡ֮
ҿո۳ûзʱ޷Լ̫Զ򽫻ɢȻĻ˵пֱߡ
ҶɸոոĨʱҶɷʱȻӵ˶˼룬ԷԼ˽⣬϶½ơ
Էӧ½ƣԼ·֮⣬ϾҲֻҪгɣȫнơ
Ҷɲûиᣬڤɻ꽣һЩҶɾ֮£һļĨˣҽԼ˼ʶٴͬһԼ˼һʱΪ롣
ٺ٣ҲǾ԰ȫģǾͬһ˼ʶȽϰȫҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣɫС˵˵ͷڵѾ˽ƣӦòвˣһ䣬߷ҲɢġȥĶʶȫʧ
Ҷ΢΢һЦĵ˵ͷһ֮£Ǿ߷һ㣬οСһģʧ
ͬʱһߵɫСˣҶɵĵ֮ڣ˫Ŀյڽ֮ϡ
Ҷ󷨣ڤջص漴ϼһŵ֮Ϸɶݶȥ

һ˪һ֮ڣҶɵӰſһϴһ˿ʧ֮ɫ˪Ѱ˼£ȻûеõҪ֮
ҶɲȷԪǷ׷յõ֮ԪӤǻ׷ҶҲ޻ء
ֻԲҶȴûаսԷ£ϾԷһͲһ˳֡
˵ܽԷ£ٴĻӶݣҲԲǰǰǱ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ˪֮ɶݶȥ׼ݸ߷һ飬Ѱ֮˳һ»ӤϢ
ʯһɫӰɶݶº󣬴˵Ӱĳ֮ڡ
һݱԵһɫݷȥڣһɫӰϥˣҶɡ
аŪһö⼣߰ߵͭ壬ʷ֮Ҷǲ˵ڶ°벿֡
⼸ʱ䣬ݲûʲô̫ջΨչһ֮ı̫ԪϢδ
СȻ˯Ҳ֪ʱҶȺ쿴˼Σȷʵûʲô֮󣬲ǷһЩ
ݵ⼸꣬Ҷֽݶö֮һЩһ裬ҲǸһ׼һЩϣĽһ
Ҷһ߿ŷۣһ߲ǽݷΧݷȥ

ݣ
ʮǰҶݲ򽣸ңȣõ˾޴ı仯ΨƮɶѡ
ˣҲ˷ǣʱǧһҶһЩСţ޷ǧһϳ̡
Ҷ뿪ʮٴγݣһƮڣȴǸݵǧ¡
ǧƮΪףȴǻһĵطǾҩȡ
˵ûж󣬵ݶԣǧڣҲҵҩȷΧĻҩȳ֣ǧԼŻ
ˣҩΪһʥһ㣬ʱһãҲЩ۵˵ЩݻȻǾԲҵġ
һգҩڴ̤ɽԶƬ̺󣬱ڸһ꽻̸
СӣϽǽȥ˷ʴٺ١һһĻ·Ż꺰
ԣüͷһ壬˿ڴʿڵλǰԵȣͻȥͨ
СӣͨʲôǿǧڵĳϣǰǹϵǳͲҪϻˡЦ
ʲô˵㣬ս֮ǰɫһЩӡ
ǰ߽ףǺ䶯ݣˣǽȥɡɫһ˵
һԥڵλǰκˣҩȶҪͨģǰ׷ħʥǰȨֱӽ롣
ԣһ֣۽һ˵ߣ׷ħʥǰǧڵӣǽǰѡ
˵ʮδˣ˵ģǵȵطҲûʲôϡģҲͲҪͷ˵ˡ
⣬λǰȥͨᵢλ̫ʱģħʥǰǷݣн죬ȴǺħʥǰĪĹϵ
˵ǰǹҲһЩ飬ϣλǰҪҩħʥǰźܴԨԴһħʥǰ˷˵ȥǧǵġٵ˵֮䣬λħʥǰĳ֮⡣
꣬ħʥͷȻҲɫһ䣬˼Ƭ֮΢΢һЦ
Сӣ˵ǲӲ˲ѵһҾͲҩȻܰôð׷ħʥѹǣߣҶǶֲɣ˵껰һϢһţ֣ǳŻץȥ
˵ȥϢͣûжȫȥҲŻһǰĻ꣬ϾһڵСʿԼǰҫԼǺܲˬġ
ʱͻһ͵ľ磬Ҳ֪ӺδֱӽʿƷڵأⶼ޷ӡ
ۣ죬ɫһףһѪţһ֮ɫĴʲô
ŶǵҶĳ֮ǰǧѰһҪԼԼĵӣҩ£֪ǧѰûдʱһԶ˳
ˢһһɫӰȻҩ֮ȥһʮ꣬Ƥ׾ݿ㣬ֻдŲɣ֮⡣
ħʥǰȻ˵ĺһ䣬Ҳ֪εϳˡ
ɫӰȻɫ䣬һ֮ɫг˾֮⡣
˲ǵѪָŰɫ꣬ף׷ҶҶʦҶҶǰ
׷꣬Ҷɣԭδ꣬ԷЩϤȴתһ
Ŷԭ㣿ٺ٣˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһС


348 
ഫһ棬˵һ˱ûκȴκ֮ϡ
˵Ĵºţǡ׷ħʥ
ºҲ֪Ǻ˴ģʿ޲ݣ˵ݽ֣λ׷ħʥȶġ
ţλħʥǰλѣһʥҩȻƹڶλħʥǰǰһλʦֵܡ
Ҳ㣬ǰոսףϣͳݽǰ
ˣħʥһ˶ǼԼҲϳ׷ħʥȻҶɡ
ڻɫĿҶɣдŨŨľ֮ɫЩ֮⡣
Ҷһ˵ЩϤתһһλˣɵ΢΢һЦ
ԭݣǺǣþòҶɿ˿Բʿ˵˵һ䡣
ݣҶɲİͬһǧڵĵӣ䱳ŲСļ
ǧڵ·ϣҶڻǼ̣Ϊݺ˵ıԼЩִµϡ
ݲʼߣмǧڿνŲСۿҶһۡ
ʮȥ޳Ҷﵽȸ߶ȣֻĴڣҶǾöԷϤҲȥעˡ
ҶǰǰǶֻڡݵĻû˵꣬ǱҶɰִϡ
ǻȥɣһȥǧһ˵ġ˵껰ҶɱǲᣬҲһԵĻ̤꣬ҩȥ
ݶ˴ã¶ŨŨĿɬҡͷ̾ϢһȥֻǱӰȥЩɪЩǡ
뿪ƺعһҶɵıӰæ׷ȥ¶֮ɫ
Ҷ뿪ʮ꣬Ҳδ뵽˱仯ҩ֮ڣȥӷһЩȻиС
ҶһɫӰǷɶݶҶ֮¶һЦ⡣
Ҷѣһʮ֮ãѾȻﵽ˸߶ȣĳաɫӰǻƹ˵˵һ䡣
״Ҷ΢΢һЦڵǺǣƹҲҲﵽˡ
ҺҶܱȣߣǽȥ̸ҪһƹˬʵЦҶɽ漴˱
˵ʮδȴǲûм٣һЩƹҲ֪ӺδȡƣΪҶԼһ
ҶѣȲ̸£ȸⱭƹ˵꣬һ֮󣬱һ׵Ľһ
ҶҲܵ˻ƹ飬˵Ľһеһů⣬ƺҵ־Υĸо
ƹЩɻãҿҩȹģǰ˲٣ҲһЩҶ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷѣ㣬ҩҲûн죬ҼԶƵҩˣһλʲĵӣҲģҳɹʲ͡ƹƺܸ˵ӡ
ˣҶЩкξҲҳʶƹһת˵
ҶɽԼľŵĸƹһֻûƹʱһ亹ʱֽкãƺһ㡣
˳ƣ˭ûʹùֿʲô󣬸˼⣬ƹŹһЦĽҶɰסԼԻص˷С
ڣҶɴż⣬˽ƺƺǸоŨŨƣ壬ϵƣ⼸ʮ꼸δȹҲûĸо˯УԼԼˡ
Ҷͬ˰ڴ˯˹ȥһֻ˯ҹƹҲûţҶˬжѻѾõǹƣҲƺһɨա
˸ҶɸоЩصеůһ㣬Ǵһ˿Ц⣬󷨺һ̣Цݻ
Ҷɸоƹ˵ȥܸˣҲ˵̸£ϣȴǶһЩɣ֮⡣
һ˼Ҷ뿪˾ң˵֮Уƹ֮ϣƺ˼ʲô¡
Ҷɽ֮󣬻ƹһЦݣڵҶѣ⼸ϢĿɺã
Ǻǣƹƺҵ˾ΥůлҶ΢΢һЦ˵
˶٣Ҷɫһʵƹƺʲô£֪ٻ
̾Ϣһƹ˫ʱһƺЩįӣеĲɣŨ˼֡
֣ǧҲӦܹȷٻ£٣ûеġƹ˵꣬¶˼֮⣬ȫʲô߽ףƺһͨ˵ĸһ㡣
Ƭ̣ҶɿڵƹҲض룬ҶĳĲ²⣬ٻƲΣգӦǱ˴ˣȻݵˣ¾һλ˵ġ
ˣҲ֪λǷĻ̥Ҽʮȥѵٻ޷һ𣿿ңҲֻһֺͲ²ˡƹҡͷ
Ҷԣȴǰֵƹٻ֤ݣ
⵹ûСƹɫһ˵
Ǿˣ˵˵ٻ⣬Ҳǲ²ѣиõĽΪλƹԸأҶ˵Ŀοһ䡣
ԣƹ㶣漴ЩɬЦЦͷҶ˵Щ̫ˣϣҶѲ²ɡ
ƹҵȵľ磬Ӧõٻɢ㣬϶żȻģӦĳʡ
ֻҵȵ̫ͣʶޣ޷жϳңٻԿڵݣɼǳˡ
ԣǱĸ˷ˣԾ͸ˣƹҲδؾһµģ˵أҶ˼˵
ƹصĵ˵ͷڵţٻʣЩ⣬ֻǵʵ޷жϣǺǣҶһ˵ҵǷ˲١
ҶʦܣôҲкǺǣǼǺþδ۵һˡʱſڴһɫӰֶһڵʿ


349 ⾳
ʦ֣ǺǣʦҲǸջϲʦ֣֮ˡҶɿ˿˵˵
΢΢һЦƹ˸кҲҶɲڵ⼸ʮ꣬ѾƹϤ
ѿ㣬пͳݵĴڰٺ١ƹҲһЦ˵
ǿɱ̧ˣҲոãƹѾˣҶʦܸǾˣȻﵽԲ֮˵ĿҶɣ˵˵һ䡣
Ǻǣʦ֣Ͼ㵱ָΪϲٵģˣʦôô͸ˣҶһ䡣
ɫһҡͷ£ǡҩȸһ˵㣬˳ʰһ٣Ȼ͸ˡ
ݣƹЩ⡣
û£֮ǰҩ⣬ҽѵһѣҲãȻʦˣҲͲȥǧˡҶЦ
ˣһ£Ҳֵףģ˵ѣѾˣǺǣӦúϼ˵꣬ƹȡƣɷ˵ľ͸˵
Ŷ⵹Ӧףһ¡Ҷɶյһ漴һ
бյüͷһ壬ڵҶʦܣʵҲšƹ΢΢һ㶡
Ҷ˼ĿŽʦ֣ʵ粢ûô棬ʦңҲǾһ
Բ֮಻ұ֤оԵԱ֮˵ʦֿҪȫ
Ȼ֪ģȥȡͲǰģԸǰĵ·ϵ£ҲҲԸԶͣԭء˵꣬һ
״Ҷ̾ϢһʼҲʣµΨһһλʦֵܣҶʵڲٳʲô⡣
Ҳû취ȰʲôϾ˸־˵Ҳ޵
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһģֻУ漴׸˽ƹһֻ
λݣҶĳϵˣˣʵڲ뿴ǳʲô⡣
УֱһЩĵҩٹǴﵽ֮״ԲҪһֵҩѾ˻ƹ
滹ǷȱֲϣҲԴ룬ؼ֮ǴбУÿ˵ĴУһн鱦Լһͽ鱦
ʦҪȥϣҲҪﵽڣ棬һЩԱĿǰܰ϶λģҲֻЩˡ
飬鱦
⣬˹أ
ƹɫһ䣬æҪѣݣżԿһ鱦ǿǶ̸
ǲؿˣ˾̫ˣҲòϵġҶһϵĿŶˣ΢΢һЦ
״ҲûʲôֱӽҶɶ˵İԱˡ
ãҶʦܣϣףʱҵڳȥҲչʦһǺǡЦ
ǰҶѾ׵Բʣеҩؽ׻ӤӦкܴļʵġƹɫһĵ
ԣҶ¶ɬɵ˺㣬ʵѰҲӤԼǰ׵õġ
Ӥǿ֮Ѱ˼ʮ꣬һϢûеġҶҡͷ˵
Ҷʦܻдѵʱ䣬ҲһʱǸⱭƱҶɶ˹һ
˴գҲڴ˵ش˰֮ãҶ˼һ
ҶɲʱĽһЩ׾ĵãöǳ֮µʶ
ºҩ֮⣬ӰգҶɣƹˡ
Ҷѣĳ֪ס㣬Ժʱ䣬Ͷƹ΢Ц
ƹ߶㣬ʦÿλŲСĽչҲǷĲٵġɫһ˵һ䡣
ԣҶɾһůһദ˿û֮ģȫһꡣ
ģһлᣬұģҲأʲô飬ֱӸҴűãҵĴŷҶ˵꣬˹˹֣Ȼһء
Ҷһ뿪ҩȣ֮£ʧ˴Ƭա

ԴҶҾլ
һɫӰǷϵլԺ֮ڣͬһһҲ˻ҳҲ֪ڴ˵ش˶á
ˣҶɣ
½棬תֹȥ£ҶɵӰȻ˿δϵĻҳһЩȥͬһ㡣
һεĻؼңҶɵľϴ˲Сĸı䣬ϵĲҲǸƽһЩڻǰһ
ÿһεĻؼңҶɵľõһСԺ׻Ӥ֮ĪĹϵ
ľȣܵħǽĺȻҲҶϵһֱ仯ʶϵһֳ
һҶɻؼңʮѣһΣҶɵ䣬ȴǴﵽһһʮꡣ
ȵԼĸĸҪ϶ʮ꣬ǵõԼڼҵʱ򣬸ײǰʮѣĸҲʮꡣ
ԼļʶԶʱĸĸҶɵУȴҲʮǰԺˣģһֵȻ
˵һֱҲĸȻ֤ݣһҲûУҶɵУԸһʵ
Ҫҳ𰸣ֻвϵǿ󣬴ﵽһĸ߶ȣѰҸĸʸ񣬲оȻʵҲҶɸӼᶨľġ
ĵ׼ʮ飬Ҷɶκ˶δֻǣǵԼĬĬܶĿꡣ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ˫Ŀһˢâɫϼһһҳʧ
˼Ƭ֮Ҷ̧һУ̮ķĳһâವһҶɵС


350 
Ҷ˫ĿһգҲ֪ڲ鿴ʲôƬ̺Щʧҡҡͷ
ЩûģҶ˵꣬һ֣ವһһâû̮ķĳ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɻվΣתĿ˿ǷϵլԺâһ֮£αʧ˴Ƭռ䣬ͬδֹһ㡣
ºݱԵһɫӰڿмӹݷȥ

󣬹ּң
¥ĳ侲ڣһ׷ߣһУһƷ裬һʲô
Ҷѣ֪ڹջΣɷҵ֮䣿΢Цһ䡣
ԣҡҡͷڵûʲôջ񣬶ˣִʦƵˣ
Ҷɣǰݹּңϣִʦ¼һȻ˷ںǮƵ̶ֳȣִʦͺá
ǰҶ˵ϲһţҶԲĴڣּңҲòֱġ
տʼ˵أʵһϾҶɱ֮ˣҲŲСĺ䶯
ʮʱȥҶɲٴγ֣ԲΪ֣ⲻòּ࿴
Ȼ׷ħͷĴԣּҲںҶɱϾûʲôּҵĵطֻҪнףּȻܡ
ʱҶҲǼ͵ΪϢݣҲûб˷ʲô
ʱ䣬Ҳûʲôջһ֮ϢûУΨڴԪ۹ʯʿУһС֮Ҳ׻ȥ
ϾԪƺԽԽ࣬ȥҲһС鷳Ҽǽ֮ľ޴£ҲԼʹá
ԣҶɾѰһʵ޷룬ǱչʱٻشԪ۹ѰʯʿһҲ͹ˣֻ²ߡ
ǺǣҶѷģִʦ˷ǷǳˣһԲÿǷõƷִʦ˵ѳļ΢Ц˵
ŶǱлˣʱ䣬ħûѰҹҶĳɣҶɺȻһ䡣
ʮˣʱƽϢȥĻ˷Ⱦ˵˶ΪѾ˵ģɽڵһЩˣҲΪġ
ϷǺ棬ҶѲĺúõأһﵽΪЩ˲Сϸп˵
ҶҡҡͷҲģζЩġ
ǺǣҶѣжΪ˸ƮĻģҪȥΪ˻ԵƴᶼûСЦ
ɣˣҶĳЩȥһ£飬ͰˡҶ˵˵һ䣬漴˹֣뿪ּҡ

ǣһҾƹڡ
Ӱ˽һһСʿȥЩӣתͣ
һһ۷ӣ࿡ʣȥʮ߰ӣĽ׳㣬Ͷ֮䣬͸©һɺˬ֮
Сӣ˵ĺ˼ңǸҺˣУҲ㡣¶֮ɫ˵
ԣСʿæ˵ͷڵǰģôĵϷŪǰȥ֪ˡ
˵ͷ˶¥һſڡ
ǰҵˣǾȸˡ˵껰Ҳͬ⣬Сʿתߵˡ
״üͷһ壬˿ܵ꣬漴ʶһţŷɨȥ
ףȻڵʶ֮Щ˵
ߣɽڵĵ̣ҾͲŻ˸²ɡϾΪ۷ĴڣԴһЩЩŵġ
һƣűһ䲻װμ򵥣һľżСˣһƣֻյ
һľ֮ϣһ꣬еƷƣţ̧ͷһЦ
һ㶣漴¶֮ɫƬ̺󣬼æ뷿Уֽһء
΢Цվڵʦ֣
ҶҶɣôܣЩŵָҶɣɫ־ϲӡ
˱飬ҶһЦǺǣôǰˣʲôŵģ
꣬Ҷɣ꣬ȻǰҶɽɽڵˣ˲һ֮ԵɽڸûչҶ
ݣҶҲֻ׽һЩˣȻһŵĲԭҲǻġ
֮ɫδȥʵҶʦܣ⾿ô£
Ǻǣ˵ˣȺһҶյһ
ҶǽԼľŵĸһֻɫòϣһζӡ
Ҷʦܣ벻ȻԵֻǣ֪Ǻ˳ȣɽڶûκϢ˾Ȼɽڽߣ˵һ䡣
ԣҶҡҡͷڵ𱻺ȣҸ֪ѦãҸ֪Ǳ
üͷһ壬ɫصĵ˵ͷ˵ݺˣµģΣ±ãҶʦҲﵽԲ֮ϲɺء
ǺǣЩԵˣʦֲҲǿҪԲʲô仯Ҷ˵һ䡣
Ŷûʲô仯ҲżЩСĦᷢģˣǰʱЩ춯˸š˵
ҶЩɻ֮ɫڵȣƺʱ򣬲֪кα仯
ҾͲ̫ˣҵõϢϵʱѻָȴż֮ػһ춯λŻһʱϵġ
ˣһ飬ҪҶʦܵģ㿴Ƿ㱻ݺЩϵص˵һ䡣
Ŷ֪ʦ˵ǣҶЩɻӡ


351 
Ҷ˵ԼݺƺЩϵɻĿ
һɽڵĲԭʦܣħŵļϸҶʦܵһЩ٣ɽһЩǲԭħŵϢ˵˵
ʲôԭȻǼϸҶЩ⣬ҲǻɢʱʼӴһֱţ
˵ͷڵҶʦܴȻ;˷ۣȥ˹ǣٷɽڵ·ϣҶ˰ɣ
ͨ϶Բԭѻ֪꣬㵱ʱ٣ǲԭȥģӦ룬ŷء
Ҷɰ˵ͷֲõɽڵĵؽ磬ôԼ١
ʵû뵽ԭħŵˣǺǣҶҡͷпһ
ǰҲû뵽ÿʱҶȥ￴ʱһãҾͷЩ쳣˵˵
ˣȥˣѦƺԭûʲôϵģΪǴѦ棬κ˶ġҶ˼˵
ŶȻʦ˵ǱˣãǼʮûúóһɣ˵껰ƱҶɹһ
һ죬һƷƣһСʱȥȻЩδӡ
ҶʦܣסˣһҪСģ𱻱˷֣һص̽̽ڷ磬ľӴϣǷ񻹻׷ǰ顣Щŵ˵
лʦˣûϵˣ뿪ݾǣ˷ҹҪǿ㣬˳չֲϡҶЦ漴Լסַ
Ŷʲôϣҿ԰㡣Щɻ˵
ԽԽã̫ԪڣҪģĶͿѰġҶ˵ֲϡ
ãҶʦܣ㱣أȻһˣȻ㡣˵˵һ䣬ת뿪˷䡣
Ҷ΢Ƭ̣Ҳ뿪˾ƹݣص˿ջ֮С
ϥڴͷҶ˫Ŀ΢е˼ʲôƬ̺óһһöǲ֮
պڱĿҶɺȻ˫ĿһǴһǰϣǰǰȥա
ԣҶ΢΢һЦһģ֮£ʧ˾֮ڡ
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ڣҶɣϣִʦ˵ӰС
Ҷаһɫ㶴¶֮ɫû뵽ִʦߣȫҷӵ£˷ĸ֣˲Сĸı䣬֮ߡ
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ִʦӣЩȥһƣӣȴǴһЩԺ˷֮ɫ
˿̵ĳóȥӵеùһЩͨŸۡ࣬ӡ
Ǻǣִʦˣ֪ãҶɻһ٣մ˷ĸĽ۸ԲǰɱȣǰһΡ
ִʦԣڵҶѣϷޣЩҲȫЩطϷҲǺ⡣
ڽƣϷĲֶΣϷû֮Ҷвñá
˵ϷĿǰ۷֮ŬҲþевϡ
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һ뵽ʱòҲֵһٶʮļ۸Ҷɻǳġ
ãϹĿһٶʮʯҶ˵꣬ɫȡһϡ
Ҷˬ죬Ҳ˿ִʦƺûʲô֮ɫƺҶңԤ֮һ㡣
ֻʶһɨ΢ЦڵҶѹȻˬ죬Ǻǣ֪Ҷѽкδ㣿
ţǼϰɣǺǣǶλԺʲôϢҲԼʱ֪ͨҵġҶЦ
ԣ϶˵˵ͷ漴һᣬҶ뿪ּңһ֮ڡ
Ǵһ֮ҲûʲôҶɸո߳ſ֮ʱȻüͷһ塣
ԶһЩӣһҶɣתȥȥһڵʿ
״Ҷһ˵ķΣӦħŵĵӣɽڷΧڣһټħŵˣҶɼصڶ
ҶµڽţһֻڵָһݣһâһţҶͷҲص뿪˴ֵ
Ҳ֪ιʣͻȻһɫһ׵ĵɴ˫ۣţ̱ĵ˵ϡ
֮ǰһ¶ݣ𣬵Ҳ֪Ǻ˳ν飬жԶԶ

һƹݵڡ
ҶɶˣʲôһƷơ
ʦ֣֪кϢҶһ䡣
ԣһƣڵҶʦܣôôںϣҴ˷ҪǴ̽ľӴϵĿڷ磬Ƿ񻹻׷顣
Ŷ֪ľӴ˵ģҶ΢Ц˵
üͷһ壬ڵľӴֻ˵֮ˣᣬҲ֣ҿľӴȴЩӣˣ֪㱻˾߰ɣ
ԣҶҡҡͷ⣬һ治
ʱصһһһɫӰУһԲӡ
ľӴϲ׷ħͷȻڴˣɻĳǰ̽١˵껰¶Ц֮⡣


352 Ű
䣬ɫһ䡣
ճϣ㾹ȻңЩŭ˵
ԣüͷһ壬ڵߣħͷû䣬ֻ˲֪飬ȥľӴ̽ڷʱ򣬴Ͼϵ˿ǳˡ
һ֮ɫҶɵıȴǼ䵭Ȼɫ򶨵ؿŻգƺ͸оһ㡣
ҲЩȻĿҶɣڵȻ׵˴Բֲ֮򶨡
ճϣ㲻ץĻû˵ֻ꣬һ֣һöɫƳС
öƣɫһ䡣
ôҰ²ɣĻǵܵǣĸҲܵСǣտı飬ơ
Ǻǣʦ֣Ҳصģ޷ҵġҶ˵˵һ䣬Ϊѡ
˵˴ԲΪӵóɽڵ׷շһЦһɲӡ
ҶɿһۻգƵĺһƣ㲻ոս״Բ֮Ϣδȹ̣ҪҴߵģ
ԣ۽һ漴һЦͷĳ˵ոս״Բ֮ͬҲʵǿ֣֮ûܹ
ҶʦܣȡҪҶߣҶɰ˰֣Ϊѡ
ʦ֣ǳȥ˵˵껰ҶվΣҲûգȥҲûھƹݶ֣˺
ҶĳȥҶһ䡣
ԣɫһڵ˴˿̣ϻˣߡ˵껰һϢͷŶವһһɫбա
״Ҷһһ֮£һâһ֮֮ɫա
߼н׿ܣɫһ䣬ȼĿܣݸûм˵൱ڵʵʵսǴԲʿҲͷۡ
ವһɫϼһŻһȥ
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ۼ޷ܣ˫һΣǰȻһɫƣصһ֮£֮϶֮һİݣյǵŵŵŵĲ֮ࡣ
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ͷҲصճһȭصһ죬յεɶдһƺߣɫ˲԰
ǽɫܴһǳ˻ǰһ˳ȥ
صһɳһı߷ɣ⵱ѶһѵĴУһžѪص˦Զĵϡ
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൱ڴԲʵΧմ˿ֵûУһ֮£һƬâֶ
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صһһȭպɣһƺ߹󣬰ƮһѪصһٴˤ˵ϡ
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״տһдһҶɣ˲ǵѪкҲû˴˵ء
Ҷɫܣ漴΢ЦĿڵʦ֣ӦþľӴϵ̬ˣҲΪѣҪץңҲô׵顣
ԣҸջعһ㣬ʵ˵ͷ漴ҡͷҶʦܣ벻ʵǿᣬ߽׵Ŀ
ѵȥ˴Ԫ۹̫ʢпܵģȻʵǿӲҲҪСģǣ׷ġ
Ǻǣ޷뿪ݾǣҲһɢޣߵﶼеģǣ޹ҡҶЦ˵
ɢޣȷɣĽҶʦܣˣЩʦȱڹˣϻȥҸףܷľӴһ£ҪΪ㡣˵˵
ҶȻоûʲôϣҲûһƬ飬ڵȻʦ˵ˣ뿪ǣȥҲΪѣͺá
ǺãͻȥûճȻȥһ״ǣ˵껰˹֣Ƕݹһųȥ
Ҷ΢˼Ƭ̣ǻص˿ջ˫ĿһյĴҲһֱûºҶּңΪ죬ּҽٰһ׻ᡣ
ٴβμּҵĽ׻ᣬҶᳵ·˷ûͬϴһͬУǱּⰲһطרΪ߽׼ġ
׻ֳʮʿֳƣѰҪĲϣҶһѰ̫֮ԪһߴŻӤϢǵõҲС
չȥҶȻûʲôջֱ׻Ҷ뿪ּңЩʧӡ
Ǹûطˣǿûʲôջˡһּ߳ſڣҶɱ˵˵һ䡣
ʱҶɸоƵĿ⣬ڿԼתһҶ˫ĿһУ漴һ¶Ц⡣
㣿벻ôҵҶĳˣٺ٣˿һӣһʿҶɫȻ˵


353 նɱ
ֻһӵ벻㣬㲻ûȻ׵Բ֮ȻǱɽڷˡӿһҶɣ˵˵һ䣬üͷ΢ĿҶɡ
˽߽ףڵʿԲΪ
ңǺǣƺǵһμˣǵȺҶĳ죬ӦúúˡҶɿ˿ӣɫһĵ
ǺңҶɶҲϤ֮ʱǱץȥҪɽڳ棬˶ġ
ڶΣԼԲԹǷɽڵ·ϣɷ׷ɱһֱԼ׷ݣҲЩ䡣
СӱҶɣ벻ˣҲãȥҲô϶и߿Ҷ˵
Ҷԣ΢˼Ƭ̣Ȼݹһ𣬻һƿնȥ䷽ųߡ
ãҪߣ׷ȥɫһݹһ׷˳ȥǽ
ʱ֮󣬹֮⣬һɫݹ⼤ţӰ׷˳˼ȺȻ޷ߵӡ
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λ׷ôãͲҪȥˡҶ˵ֱ꣬һವһһ߽ɫֶ
Ҷһָâһǳ˺ߡ
״˲ɵЩ֮ɫ˵ҶӦÿֵܵҲǣϾʵ൱ҶԲսпֵܵסˡ
Ҷȴûи˼Ļᣬɫܵȭźͷ­һҶȥ
״ɫһַ̧ųһ˺ɫǹವһſǰȥ
ۣһ졣
ǹոմ̵֮ʱֻǿâתͬˮ㵴ɫǹವһڿ
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ʲô߼״Ȼɫһ䣬һ֮£һɫƵǰ
صһ죬ϵҳһӣһƺ֮󣬺ɫһף֮ԶſסΡ
ȻٵĻָ߲ŵ˵Ȼһֶս֮г˸ƿ뵱ҶܵһνֵʱҲһ˸СĿ
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ҶɾҪʱΣԼԲʵնɱڵĺңʹֶΣӦü
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ҶɵΣźұȥ漴һȭ
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صһ
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סΣҶһΣһڳУǿ޷ס̫ãҶɱսپ
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ݣ
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δЩԴСˣӰ˿꣬һͳɳƵȥһӡ
ԣüͷһ壬ڵŶʲôˣӦòʿ˵꣬гһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ӿ˿ҶɣһץħĴֱǻΪУҶǻָɣȥƼأŶݹⶼЩǿӡ
Ͽ뿪ûԱʱ򣬲Ҫݳ֣ӵ˵һ䡣
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лǰȣԺ󡭡ҶɸлĻû˵꣬ӱҡҡͷһӣɫ۱ǱԶ
ҶٴηӦʱѾ˼Զһ˼֮󣬼æ߶ۣԶȥ

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ݷΧڣȻϥβƶֺǶ˺ĳ
Ҳ֪˶ãâһϻҳʧ仺վΣ˿Ҷʧķ
Ҳ֪ǬСӣǷܻص棬ٺ٣ϣǼֵܣٴξ׵Ļᣡ˵껰ɫժ
һſʵ¶һӣҶڴˣޱȣΪ˵ݣȻǡ壡

ʮݣ
˵λôڶ򣬾ݼңԶ¾һӤϹֲͣɶܣҲҪҲܸϵ
ݲ࣬ԭĴʵڼǰݱ䶯ΪԴѽԭڸ
֮£ǽλǿĻӤϹֻУ񣬽ֻʣֱǹţڣȡ
Ȼ̫ƽֶԸڣ˶һЩˣƺвСҰġ
ڰǰλӤϹֻ֣ˣ˵ȻأձŲӤϹҲǱˡ
ݷƾޱ䣬һЩҴٵʿʤҲûʱЩ׷ڰмĶһʧţԼ
ڣһƹ֮У
߽ڰѾԻҲ֪ʲôһЦӡ
һߣ׺һƣЦ˵ѣݴңʵ䲻߽װ
˵ѵ˵ͷڵٺ٣ֻʣҲϾƽϢĴٵʿ
벻ᱻǲȵĻϹɾͲˣ˵ˣ£һʧţֵˡ
ţܣˣ˵иСǰȳû٣󱻻ǰɱȻӵ˻ӤϹֵĵ̡Ц
ԣüͷһ壬һѵ֪˭
Ȥڵ˵ѣѵ֪飿
һЦٺ٣ǵȻĳһλѣһ³ϣ˵ȥǵȡӤ
ǰ֣˴ˣǣǱߣһ
ʲôڻǰ˭ߵЩ
ЦЦŪĵ˾ҽݣ޶ЩֳһħġֽħҶɣ
ʲôȻԣɫһ䣬Ȼ˵ͷ

֮⣬һƬ̵ɽ֮ϣһɴСԪ©ͬһƬɫŰĵա
·ŵ洦һɫӰĿϥɢİɫϼһɹԪעڣɿֲƿȥڳӤڵƿ


358 ֽħ
󣬰о޴ԪըѶΪҵԪɢȥ
ͬʱ·ɫӰдһƺߣɫһף۵һһžѪһϢҲή
ˣҶɡ
ʮǰո׷ɱҶɱǲ²⵽ݣӦħţӣҶƺһ˿Ϥĸо
仯ӤڵΪڵ֮£ҶҲԷʲôΣûж⣬ҲԼлԼ˵ġ
Ҷɱһ߿Ʒۣһˣ˿ͣ٣һֱʮϵҲǺת߰˰ˡ
ʱҶɲ˿ԻӤϹֵҶϸͲģʮݣɿĵϢһʱ䡣
һߴ̫֮ԪһѰһӤÿǳҲ̫ͣã߷ĸޣȻûʲôջֻǵõһ֮
ǰ֮ʱϽݶңûٵʿϣЩΨһֳֺڽʿ˳Ϊֽħ
Ŵ˲жǴֶֶμǿᣬһħ˲СѰ߽ףҲվɱ
ߴţԲڵʿΧ´ħͷձߡ
ûã˼һ㣬Ҳû˿ǳֹ˷׷ײ²⣬Ӧ⵽˶ֽħı
Ӵˣֽħȵ𣬼ݶ֮󣬱ȥ˸ޣҲǻ켣˲С
֪ΪΣŶֽħֻص˽ݣһЩɢЩ⵽ֽħĹ
֣λħͷǣˣʱһã˶ԶֽħҲûô־ˣη֮ȴȻڡ
λֽħȻҶˣ
»صݣֻ˵һλƴشȻӻ˾硣
״ԲʮʱȥҶɳٳٵòӤϢЧº㣬׼Ż˱չ֮ʣǱȣѰӤǵõҲá
ԸΪղûʲô֣ƺȲûлӤ󻹱ӷ֣ҶһʩչѪ뿪ȡ
ʩչʥħֿ֮ӵѹԶߡ
ԭӿ׷Ҷɣܸо鲻ԣҶܵķڣҲԼˡ
ӵթǷ׷ֱӷȡ
ЧҲҶƺõģǻϾʹƣҲ׷̫ԶϹһ²࣬ԽǸ߽ףԽϧԼ
Ȼļ׷ҶҲ׼ֶΣشѲ·ϣԽ˵ĻסһʱƬ̣Լȡʱ䡣
ûһЩ׼ҶɿûһȫʢʱڵϹȥҲΪ£ⶾֽħҲΪǻӤĵһˡ
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£ǰҶɣֱӳ˻ӤƿʧܶգܵһЩơ
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ҶɽһϢ״̬˫ĿһâЩĿ˿Զ
Ҳܻȥˣ˵ǻҲƣԺͣԼٻȥ»⵽ӵı
ҶãԼǱˣԼҶɾԲĴܻɱģԲ»ڡ
㵱ʱûὫԷնɱ֮ҶҲһᣬԷɵ˵˭Ĵоʲôջġ
ҶһڵʿУõһ֮ⲻӵ춨ҶɵľģֻҪǻӤϹֵԼһɲŹ
ɢߵﶼνɱ˾ܣҶɴʱ̬ҲȫǰǰѶϣ˽壬ͿܻԼ
ദѾõˣҲ˵˭ڱ㣬ͬҶɵǰβԭµɱˣҶɶ֪Ǳԭġ
ʶԽԽ࣬ʵҲԽԽпᣬܽύҲԽԽ٣ܴﵽΪˣһǻ˼ǧϼһ
Щһһʱ޿̲뱻֮ԽѣϾʱˣʧȥ˳ʱĴ档
УҶǬλѣڣҲΨʣԼ˻ţҶɲп
ֵָܣһܹﵽģ˵ʶǻӤϹ֣ҲڵĽ飬ϧҶǬĻᶼûУҲ֪Ǽʧٵġ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɵ˼˻˫Ŀ΢еĿԶ
һαӤϹȣ˾˭ΪβĿʾ˵ģҶɵһ䣬һЩ¡
ʹƮٷӳţȴǹĳʯ֮ϣƺ˾ˡԪХԴס𻵣˾Ȼ䡣
Ҷɴ˿̵ļʶԿóԼ޷ֶΣֵӦǻӤϹ֡
ټϵȣǹɿֲɱҶڿȷʵħ֮ϣ֪˭־Լ
ѦԼݺֱɽھȳ˵ʵӦɽ֮ϡ
ϴ˷ӣⱳǷʲôϵЩҶһֱЩţʼ޷ҵ𰸡
ڵʵ޷֪ģֻдﵽ˻Ӥ֮󣬲ѰˡҶ˫Ŀһе˵
˼Ƭ̣һһƬϼϯȻڰջΪһ˿ڽɫɽҶɷ轣ڰ΢΢һ𣬱ǰĳķλ
ţһϼ˸ռ䲨һ
˼һĻˣҶɵߣһۣƤ׾ȥʮӣòȻҶһģһ


359 
꣬ǵɫС۳ķҲҶķֻǣΪոմﵽ۷壬ûеԲ֮
˿Ҷ¶֮ɫڵȶɣһ½轣󡣡˵껰Ҷһ
ವһֻƿ۷ǰ΢΢һЦץƿ֮󣬱Զȥ
ھҶʮԶĵطͣ͵ϥ۷
ǰķ۳ҲֻǳɶѣҶҲҪΪѰһЩϣ̷øǿᡣ
ڷܹûʲôֱǽףҲ׽ٽ٣ƽʱҶҲԽڡ
һЩͨԼ֮۷ҲȫϤֻڲûЩҶɵķԸץΪ
һ
һ˿ڽ轣˸ŹϼȻΪ˾Ÿλÿλʮڷɽһ׽
׽һһӴĽһ㣬ͨ轣
ֻǣ׽֮Уһ׽ЩңĽ֮С
ҶҲɫЩ԰ףȥЩӣ˽Ҷ˶ʮ꣬ھŲʼ޷ȫʩչʹð׽޷յھŲİ
ڴ˵˰֮ãҲûʲôչҶ轣վΡ
Զ۷ͬһ㣬ߵҶԣһģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭռ䡣
һ̣һҶһģһɫСˣǳ˵֮ڣǿŻתĽ֮ϡ
ܿ˿Ҷ̧һУಣʮֻСܼһûҶ֮ڡ
ݹһ𣬻Ϊһƿնȥֻһ֮

Ȫݣ
Ȫֻ̫ȴӰ췱̶ȣǳʿڶࡣ
ȪСʵˣޣһֱڵŴ˵أ뽫ȪݹƣռԴҲûгɹ
һȪһӤ۷Ϲ򣬶Ĳ룬¼ɣܵȪݣһùֵԼȪһֱڷƮҡ֮С
Ȫݳ˳ǣڱؼ֮һ˵忴ȥЩϣȴʧϡ
˳ڣһ֮ϣһɫӰУһʿ˽ԲΪ
Ϊǳ˳һɢޣʵȪҲŲС˵ԲΧȴǰȻˡ
꣬Ҷɣ
һ·ɶ࣬ڽݸûͣı鷳ǰȪݳ˳ǡ
ʱҶҲǴµ͵ûʲôӣһֱϣԼӤϢûʲôջ
Ҷȴǽʶ˺ҲǲʶʼΪһСĦ֣ǻΪѣദĻǢ
ѣ֪˵֮˴γ۵ģҶһ䡣
ԣ΢΢һЦڵ¾Ͳ˽ˣҲ쵽ˣһҶʱǡ
֮ǰ˵˳Ǻһֻ֮һҲû̫ϣϾҲûйޣﵹҲɲ̫ó
Ҷɸźһ·˺ңڣһ۵ȥɫ˫ĿӣҲһԲʿ
ˣǺ֮գ
ŶѽǰΪϷϵ˵һ䡣
ԣЦЦѣҪҶҪ㿴Ƿܹģ
ҶѣһᣡտһҶɣ΢Ц˵һ䡣
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˼Ƭ̣ڵǺǣҶȲżϷ򲢲۵ģҶҲûлõ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ҶҲЩɻĿ˿ա
ѵ˼ǣҶɲ²ѵҪʲôϽԼõļʿ¾Ͳˡ
ϷټһжɱһֻޣѾʮλѲμӣҶѿһ֮ϷǿԽΪ͵ġ˵˵
Ǻǣѣһ²˷жδЩ̫ˣҶЦ
Ҳǵ˵ͷڵɣϷﻹһݲ嵥λѿԿǷȤж
˵껰һ֣һö˶ǰҶùʶһŵĲ鿴
Ƭ̺Ҷҡҡͷݸ˺
˼沢ûҶĳҪĲϣ¾Ͳ˷жˣ֪ѿɷ񵥶ۣ֮Ҷʵ
⣬ϷҪһһҪϷҪ¿ġյͷ˵һ䡣
ʱȻоһҲֻʲôϣڵѣ˷жĳμӡ
ŶǺǣӭѣٺ٣Ҷ£Ҳμжһ˵۲ϷЩôġЦЦ
ҶҡҡͷԾܾ˺յ롣
ˣѣ˵ܴ˷жĵص㣬Ҳøĳһ´ŵжɣоһʵ
Ȼ˷նɱޣڶʵ˷ҵ׼ȫȫ׽նɱġ΢΢һЦ˵
ʲôҶоâһҶ˵֮ǰطչһֻˣںŨ֮޲ࡣ
ôҶѶԴкμ⣿ռҶ˷Ӧѯһ䡣
˼Ƭ̣ҶЦЦڵѣ²μӴ˷ж֪ɷȡΪͣ
ԣоһҲЩɻĿҶɡ


360 Ի
ҶҪˣһ䡣
֪ΣҶɿ˿գɫһ˵
Ƭ̣˫ĿһУڵڶ޵ˣǳȥۣ۸Ҳ͵ġ
ûлشҶɣ·˵һ䡣
ǺǣѣֻҪǴеĿĲˣҶĳҲԸһЩۻȡģһѲʣ˲ϣԵõҶĳһЩô
ȻҶĳȻҲμӴ˷жֻǲ֪ѸоҶĳӦԲϻȡʯչΪãҶɼղǱȥǷ
ĳҲҪҶڸʮʯö˾͹ҶУΣ˫ĿһУ΢ЦĿ˿Ҷɡ
ҶɫһԼμжڽʮʯЩԿˡ
ʮʯǺǣѿǺƣ˵ĻǺѾͰһҶĳ˷ɽҶһ˵һ䡣
⡣üͷһ壬ҶɻǸϳԿãͰҶ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷЦҶĳûеõˣʯʱ޷ˣеҪȸҶĳģһжʧܣҶĳҲһ˵ġ
ҶѿСģ˷жѾﱸ꣬ԲʧܵģãϷȽиҶѡ˵껰ձǽǼｻҶɡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲ֪˵ʲô΢΢һ㶣漴ȡһֻľУ˺¶˷֮ɫ
Ҷɶ˱հסҶǶ˾֮ڣȴж
ٶչ֮Ҷɸоûʲôջ񣬿ҪܴԼҪ
Ѿһʮ꣬ԼԪ˵Ϊ˹Ԫȱ˶һЩҲֻһǧٶԪ
ڵͨҲǼÿλָΪǰ죬ͨͨչһҲҪ֮ãʲôͨЩ飬չظʮʮҲ
ЩԲ֮һαչش֮ãҲͻƻӤڵƿǧ֮ʱľԪ䡣
һǧʱ䣬ʿҲǺܳˣҶҲЩżʱ䶼˷Ѱ֮棬ҲᵢһЩΪϾҲ޷뿪Լ̫ãײ˼ġ
º󣬳˳ڣһҺɫۼ󣬱ĳȥ
֮ϣǺټж飡
ĳ侲ڣҶڴͷ֮ϣ˫ĿԶ˷жǳɹջǲСõһԵõˡ
˵Ҫʮʯܹ׻ӤԪЩȻֵõġ
ޣ˵״Ʊ࣬жȷʵЩ׾Ƕ٣޷ͬȡ
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ֻҶЩĺջᷴڣһУʱղԼˣҪۣ»Щ鷳
ҶҲжԲߣһУڶɢ޵棬ҶɱǻύʯֱҪˣǰҲҵ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһһöУǵɽڣõöŵ
Ҷɲĳжȥ
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һɲȺд˳ȻЩĵӣЩʲôһ㡣
ҲҪţҺҵˣػ֮ãרɣǲԻֵġ
֮󣬾ͻԻ֮⣬ɼֻ֮Ҫҵǰ󷨣ʱնɱ׾ٵ£ЦЦһгӡ
˱飬Ҷɲüͷһ壬Իֵ˵˵ݺᣬƽ˸룬˵ԲʿҲн޳
̫ĵʱҶûѯʣҲûط˵ԻȻһʶ߽֮׵ʵԻУҲͷӳڵʶ֮
ϣ³˵ǰ棬Ի֣һȥġ
Ҳȥ
棬˷жı롣
տ˿ˣƺԤһ㣬Ц޷ȻôˣȻðյģҺ޷ԻĴ֮У˷жʹȡЦΣ
ԣ˵˵ͷҲ΢е˼ʲô
ѣѾ˺ҵˣ˵꣬ɫһĿ˿ա
ԣҲһ֣صĵ˵ͷڵλģҺҲøλЦңǺҲ޷ѵġ
˷жֶֻܳԸͺãνסһŲòģ˵ҺҵѾʼˣٺ١
Ŷѵ˼ǣǹȥʱͻᱻסҶɵ°ͣ˵ʵ
յ˵ͷЦûΪǰѾ֪ͨˣΪж׼꣬ٺ٣
˶٣տ˿ˣɫһĵˣǱȥסҵ˻ûڱ˳ȥ

һƬһ޼ʵĻĹŴ֮ڣƮɢŵİɫһֻ״Ʊ֫СĽ˶ޣ˴ֵıԵ֮С
ޣ
˫ĿźâȥмֱŰ֮Ĵãûʲô쳣֮󣬲Щӣ߳Ի֡


361 
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߳Ի֣һߴܣЩŲǰƽԭȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãͣסŲſ˵ϣͨҰһ㣬Ľչϼϴ
ϸȥɢһ΢Ľɫ˿ıڡ
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ȻԲĿϼţһ㵭ĽɫֶӦһɫ
໺𣡡һŭ
𶯵ƹ΢΢ֱֵǣڽƹΧȴһҲ޷ƺһ㡣
ವһɫӰԶ֮еĽƹȹ
סжøϵҶ޷̫õģһӺһ䡣
ոմŹӦÿˣһӰţǽȹ˽ơ
СĳŽƣֱôֱΣ»ȹ̡
Ҳ֪˶ã˫ĿâһƺЩŰ֮⣬ſһ֮£ۣһɫϯ
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ȹӵɫЩ԰
סڲǿ޷ֵĹˣɫ԰׵ĻӺһ䣬һ˸Ҫ𻰣ȻԶƿ֮
ţʮӰ֣֮߳£ǳ˹Ͽա
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ˢˢˢ
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໺𣡡һŭ𣬺һŵ棬â޿һţһСɋСĽɫڰջ۶
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ʱһâĴгϢήҵֻжЩԻֳȥ
ˢһǰȻְڽɫɽǵصһնȥ
ֻǰצŽɫɽһһæֶ󲿷ֽ轣ס㻹һЩն֮ϣܳһѪ
˵֮£ҲٴǵصĹһ£¶֮ɫȴûʩչֵͨ÷ӲǰצǰѣȥѾ޷ʩչͨˡ
໺𣡡һŭХצӰӳһâγһ޴Ľɫ֡
ء
һŹϼѶֻһĲҽУڹϼѵĵط˳
Ƭ̺󣬹ϼɢâһ˱˿ȴʧȥϢѪ˵ϡ
˷ҶѼĿ죬һҪ˻ȥ߿һҶɣЦ˵
ԣҶ΢΢˵ͷ֮󣬿ڵҵȶ˺ôȻҪµģˣѴӦҶĳˣҶĳھҪȡûʲôɣ
ҶɵĻü΢΢һ漴ЦЦڵҶѣżϷ˴ޣǻȥ˵ģϷӦģڡ
ԣҶüͷһ壬˵ЩʲôȻɫһĿ˿ͷһŽ۵ߣ֪ʱ
ƺҲ˲ԣ̧ͷһɵһܹ֪ĳһӤϹ֡
λǰǣЩɻĿŽߣ˵һ䡣
ָָϵģ
˽Ǹܵǹɱ֮⣬ɵô˸в²Ĺϵ
ǰ֪ޣǰɫһ˵
ԣ߿˿漴˫Ŀâһŭޣߣǣ˭Ҳ뿪
˵껰˫ǰһſһ֮£һƬɫϯ֮ռҲЩŤֲÿݻһƬ
ֲĸ£ԺһҲѹ˴룬ûӳ̫Զ˱Ǳɫû
ۣһӰѶҽжδͬ궼һͬɸµĽɫ𺣻Ϊ˻ҽ
ವһһâԻϿռæԶһΪʿ˵ѣȴǱסꡣ
״һңңһ㣬ǵ긽ȻĽɫ˿һ֮£ǽ˽ɫ֮ڡ
һṦǼǿӳյ³֮ǰһ޶Ƿһҽ֮󣬱µ˻֮С


362 о
ٴλһߵ֮󣬺Ȼɫһ˫һ֮£ɫʧ
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ǽ߸ոǰʱֻһȡ
״߻һεأ죬޴Ľڶ𣬻Ϊһɹ˵ɢ
鱦Աܿƿֲܿռһֲನδȫɢ߱Ǵм䴩˹ȥ˵ɫЩ԰ףȴһû̫˺ӡ
˿̣Ǿ޴ħʧӰ١
˫ĿһգϸĸӦƬ̣漴˫Ŀһĳ˳ȥ
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ºһƬɽϿգһѪɫݹ۶ţһŰµмǴһɫ쭷硣
ˣҶɣ
ʩչѪ֮Ҳ޷˦ˣҶɲЩҲʹõѪ֮
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ѵȥȪλ鷳Ҷ˵˵һ䣬漴ϲɫһټӿ˼֡
ºҶһƬԭϿռӹ֮󣬱ʧ˴Ƭա
յĹ򣬽Զ۶üͷ΢ĿҶߵķЩӡ
պҶɸոմԭԶ˶һˣһˣ忴ȥƺЩ൱ӡ
Ҷһ߶ݹ⣬˷ȥ
Сȥһ׷ߺһ䣬δҶһۡ
ףʱ˼ͬʱ֣ЩɲԶҶɿȥֵǣҶɴ߾ЩҲûж࿴һۣȴҶɸոշķ
һṦһԶɫĿˡ
λѣЩ˽˶ԹλѲҪ롣˵꣬ЩŭĿҶɡ
Ҷɫص˺󷽣˵ûҪҶɵ˼Ҳûиó·
׷һ˿ˣڵλѣʱӦֲŶԣ֪λΣ
ãһֻӤޣȻ׷壬ĵ̣ʵǲǼϼһߡһ˵
ԣһĸݣ˵ٺ٣λѲҪ˵壬ǳ󻰽ǰͷĺãֻɱôƽ֣Σ
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ҶЩԾȻԼЩ²⣬ӤϹ˵˽ߵݣлЩ֮⡣
໺𣡡һŭ
âһȻΪһֻʮɾ޴ſһ֮£һƬɫϯ
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ʼֻӣǽΪԼȥȪݣ˵ΧҲȥȪѰԼ
˰£ҶɸоԷʶ֮ӦڸоԼԲŵת޷ȥ
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ȻӤϹҶǲӸʮϣǸоĵģԼһʮ꣬Ȼû˿ӤϢ
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жôķ⣬һӤϾͻòһҶɶԽҲǸ
ڵòӤֻȫչֻ֮ҪԪ޽׻Ӥ֮ڻӤϹֵҲԱʵҶɵһ䣬ŷۣǰǳзȥ
Ҷɲ֪ǣǰһ˲䣬ü֮䣬Ȼһ˿ĺâȥޱȡ


363 
ʯǣݱԵһСͳǳأ
ҶɵӰһջ֮ڣնɱжҲоգʣ˰ʮʯνǻǱʯļ۸
Щ𺣵УҶɻ˳ȡֻ߰Ҳ֪ĸùģ鿴֮ûʲô̫õı
ЩʯϵһѣǽϱټȥҶɵԴﵽǧʯ
ңһҵԲ漶Ҳõóֻǲ֪һ㻯ӤϹֵϻжʯ
Ҷɶչ֮ǸһЩģڿջϢ֮󣬱ǶǰһЩ̣ѰҪĲϡ
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ҶɹһС죬ûҵʲôҪĲϣǻصջϢʯǴ£Ҳûʲôջ
һգҶ׼뿪ʯǣǰһ̣׼ֻǰצۡ
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򣬲̸Ҷɵ˵
Ŷǰļ۸񣬻Щˣüͷһ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦҲûж˵ʲôֱֻǰצȥ
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ԣҶһڵֱӸִ£Ǹļ۸񣬾Ͳ鷳ˡ˵껰Ҷɱǻصλǵͷȥ
ԼôһյĹһ߽׵ӳ־ڣҲûзϻʲôֱӿڵĳҪȿƷֻʲôȼ
ڶסҶ˵꣬ǵһֻӲӵǰצУ漴ݸִ¡
Ƭִ֮µҲɴֱ࣬ȡһֻҶɣʶһɨ¶֮ɫ
ҶѣԺȲϣϣۣĳļ۸񣬾Աطߵġִ΢΢һЦ˵
Ǻǣ뼸λһնɱֵãĻȲϣԺлỹִµģǡҶ˵껰뿪˾ҡ
Ƭִ̺˫ĿһУڵ֪˵
ִ£Դһ֪Ǳʿüͷһ˵һ䡣
콫˵ݲһ£Ȼ֪ͨҡ˵껰ִ£ת뿪Ҳûʲô顣

Щ飬Ҷɲһ뿪ſڣʯ֮ȥ׼ȥǳؿ
߰պҶһƬԭϿӹٶ֮죬֮£ʧ˴Ƭա
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ҶɸϽһתƿǰţԼﲻûҪԼ鷳
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պҶɸоֳ֮һΣμԣҶЩһ֮ȴûʲô֡
һ˼ţҶһЩɫַ֮ãǹȸУԽƵ
ǹȸгֺͣĹ򣬶Ҷɾϸ飬ԼĶͷ֮ڣ֪ʱĳһϸ΢Ѫɫġ
ǣҶЩɲӣ֮зҶɸ޷֮һʧѪɫıҶѰңҲҲټ
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պҶѾӦԼԽԽʩչѪ֮һĹ򣬾ͻᱻ׷ϡ
֮£Ҷɫһ֮£ſһžѪݹâһһģ֮£Ӱʧ
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һ̣Ҷжһ٣Щɻź󷽿˿оƺԭأû׷Լ
Ҷɻ֮⣬Ҳûж룬âһһƿնȥֻһ֮
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ҷɶ֮⣬һߣɫգ棬һߡ
ΪҪңкð֮£ð壬ֻ׷СЩ˽˶Թѡ˵˵һ䡣
ԣɫһ˫Ŀ΢еĴߣЦΪ壬Ȼ׷ɱ壬ϷӲ
ߣ㵱Ϊ½ĳЩв˵
ϷԼ»ûʲô㣬յǸϵɣߣϹ𣿡߻䣬ԶƿһģӰһ
߼״Ȼüͷһ壬һ˿ŭ⣬ſһ֮£һƬɫϯ


364 ӡ
ʮ󣬴ݱԵһƬƽԭ棬һɫӰϥɫЩ԰ףĺ飬˳Ŷͷ¡
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Ϣ˼ºҶɽһϢ״̬Ƿųɫۣڴ֮ڣâһű
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ǰ´˵ŨòʮͿԽ֮Ȼûϵҩ¡
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Ҷһʧ˴֮ڡ
װϣҶɿԶ¶˼֮ɫӣӦڳƿ֮ҲǸõط
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Ҷ˵㲻ʲô˵֮ʿҲԲʲôҽ֮һֱԼԭߡ
պҶɴǹɾԸ·ϡоɽ֮һ꣬ȥʮӣһ¡
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Ҷûᣬ߶ۼ֮£ʧ˴Ƭռ䣬״¶һɻ֮ɫĬãų˿

󣬼γǣݱԵһСǡ
˳ͨɫҲ֪ǺֲϽɣŵĹ⣬˵һСǣǳӴ󣬼ĳǳأҲ޷Ƚϡ
⣬վԣһΪ߽ףлһԲĴڣǵݣҲһ棬ȴֻǰųš
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Ҷ˽ĵ˵ͷڶѳǣҲ£Ҫǣÿζɷûȡʱơ
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ʲôмĿһǰĻɫӰ
ŶȻˣȥѯһ£ҼγǵǷãǷһҲͨУ꿴˿ʼ˵ⲻüɫ΢䡣


365 ĸ
Բɫò֮ʣһڵӳչأ˴ڣǽʯǰɡ
ԣߵ˵ͷڵãȻˣǽȥɣߣ漴нʯ
΢΢һЦˣҶǰһ棬ǵڰ·Ķɽ֮ˡ
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״ȴЩ˵ӣڵѣںʯͲ㽻ˣ㻹ջȥɡ
ҶɽһӣҲûоʲô˴
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Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴ʵ֪γǻʲôɻ䣿ѽһ²ʲô
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ҶԣĬĬص˵ͷĸУݵһЩأݵȷǲһġ


366 ҽ׻
ڶһ磬£ҶǶһУȺɵøп
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ҲֻԳֽˣŸԸЩ۵顣
˵Ҷ˵ʵ
΢˼Ƭ̣漴ЦЦͷǰȷʵһֻǼ𲻸߿ǰۡ
ԣҶ˫Ŀһڵ޷ֻʲôȼķȥ
ЦЦҶһľȥһ߿ڵǰῪЦҸǰܵģһͽ鱦
鱦Ҷһ𣬵ȴûʲô飬ʱ˵һ㣬Ϊһͨķ
ľǰֳһöϵĽƴ򿪣һڰƴСĽɫСС
ǰݣҲӦʹн鱦ϼıǾô˱ףﻹи߽鱦¥ж鱦ȻǶһЩӤǰġ
ҶɿŽɫСһ˿˷֮ɫû뵽һ̣˸߼˵󣬵֮侫
˱ҪʯҶһ䡣
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ôͣҶԣ˼˵һ
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ҶɺȻ˫ĿһУƺʲôæڵ˵Ŀнʯ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ЩɻĿҲһۣȻнʯǰΪ
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ʲôһãҶʵڴԪ۹һнʯǵöҪӼ۲ٷõģϾнʯ
Ǻǣǰ˵ЦˣнʯҴݳûң洦ɼģʲôһãǶһ߽ʯŻȡһЩѵġ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôֱȡһֻꡣ
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áҶӦһת뿪̡
ߣǻöһ߽ʯȡѵİ취ԥݶһнʯҲ֪׬ȡ˶ٺô
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ҶЦЦ黹㲻ݲԴḻ˲Сջչ̫Ԫ֮Ҳ̫ѵġ
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ԣ΢΢һЦ˵ҶѣĳǴȥˣǰʱҲٽӴһЩ߽ס
ҲҪϵģմº󣬼γҽٰһ׻ᣬĶڣȻżҲлӤǰ롣
ŶʱҶĳպһͬǰȥģ֪ҵĽ׻ᣬʲôأҶѯʵ
ǺǣҶѴ»ǽģʱһǰȥãҲûʲôĹأǶġЦЦ
Ҷɵ˵ͷҲѹ˽СģӤϹ׷ɱ˭ҲС
Ǿ鷳ˣҶ˵꣬ɫһĿ˿
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״Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˫ĿһյĴ
ڶһ磬Ҷ뿪ջѰ˲ϣڼγҶһ߰յʱ䣬һҲû߱顣
ȥγĵش޷ʹñУ·ҲҪյʱ䣬ǹԵջ̣Ҷɻûа߷һ飬µʱǵˡ
һգҶɶˣһɭϵĽǰ֮ϣһɫңӡλεĴ֡丮
丮ǰһӰŶ飬йصŽȥǰơ
Ҷɶ֮󣬱ǽ˽
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ӰζһϽǴһ˿Ц⣬ҶˣڱԵһųеһСϾֳϣҲǵһβġ


367 ٵ
Ŷһ䣬һнʯȡһɫң֮󣬱ǿ赲סʶ̽顣
ȡϵʱҶˣ˴ʯ˻ɫң漴켣Ⱥ֮С
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ǺǣѰԵĲϰɣϷһ֮Ѳϣо֮ٺ٣ŵӦ˽ġ΢΢һЦ˵˵һ䡣


368 ˵ͻ
񣿡Ҷһ
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ҶתƬ̺Ѷɷ˽⣿
ʲô΢΢һƺЩӡ
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޷Ī˵ûнӹȥҲûϵϷһ仰ɷøҡ̬˵ȥ˵һ΢С£һصӡ
Ҷת˵չļԿԽףʵڿϧ
ǰ˱ȷЩôԸģһ˴ϣǰܹ½һȫҶɫһ˵
ԣһֱЦеߣȻЦһһ˿⣬¶ȶ˲併
ŵŵţҶֻоת飬һĵЩ
ǰҶɵĻû˵꣬߱ǰִϡ
ٸһᣬ㣬Ƿ񽫴˱ó˵껰һ¶һ̵Ц⣬һֲѹϯ


369 ݷ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĴߣתƬ̺Ҷ΢΢һЦɫȻװʯĴ
Ȼǰϴ˱ǰġҶ˵꣬ԺкȻ·һĻʿǵ˻ӤϹ֣֪Ļɱˡ
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״ҶɫȻ뿪̣ȷʵżŭ֮⣬Ҳûʲô취ֻϵùˡ
뿪֮Ҷֽ󼸼߷һ飬ûʲôջ˰ʱ䣬ŷ˹Եջ
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һҶɵҲĲ٣Լڴݻ㰲ȫӦò׷Ͼ˵ػӤϹڶ࣬˭ôһ߽׵ޡ
ȻЩţҶɻ˽˴һЩ飬ֻʮ֮УҶһֱûйջżʲôϣҲ뻯ӤϹȥϾʲô֮ҶҲûҪȥƴġ
˽˴Լγǵ״ҶɰҲ֮ǰǰηηţһЩûʲô̵ɢޣҶһͬʲôҶҲǫʲôֱӱʹǿӲֶԷ
ǿһЩӤϹ֣ҶҲٻǰǰ£ȻеûҪеġֻǿ̫ĻӤϹ֣ѾľˣҲûʲôϡġ
һգҶڴͷȻɫһ˫Ŀһ֮£һöС
Ȼ̫Ԫٺ١˵꣬Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫһģ֮£ʧ˾֮ڡ
պҶɵӰһ֮ڣֶһһֻ˶¥װͽʯĺôϾ˼ҸϢܲ˼Ұæġ
ҶʧãһӤϹּҴҵĳ֮ڣһ˷ܵĿơ
̫ԪϢ˵꣬˦һֻ
ٺ٣ǰģ飬ƭġ˵꣬ƿ˿еĴһ΢΢һЦ


370 ն
Ҷɸһϵ¥ǿһĿɣߣһľϣżŻܣ˫ĿʹҲ֪Щʲô
˴̫ԪҶɶ˵һ䣬漴תĿ
ԣ޾ɵ̧ͷȻһǧʯԱϣ߱ǲҶɡ
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״Ҷɫһһ֮£ǽ̫ԪԷһӤڵϹԼ׵
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⣡Ҷת˵һ֮ԼǿԷ̫Ԫϡ٣Ժ˵ʱܹ
һϣҲǿԴڼѪ֮ưһӤڵʿҲûпܡ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɫһĿڵǰҲҪϣˡѴ
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ǰĪǴ㶯ֵ˼ҶЩ⣬ϱ֮ɫ˵һֻ֮ڣż𻨡
ߣʱɫһ壬ڵλҪٺȥݹϷ֪ͨ˹ʱ˭Ҳܲˡ
ԣһƺЩɵ֮ɫ漴ЦĿ˿Ҷɣڵãϣ㻹ܻ죡
˵껰һ˦ת뿪˶¥ֻתɲǣһ˿ŨŨı֮ɫҶһݡ
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ҶЩмĿһۣת뿪˶¥֮߳ȴǲûпߡ
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ҶҡҡͷһµŹԵջȥȴһֱСдһ˿֮ɫ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶԵջſڴһûʲô쳣֮󣬱ſջȥ
ãҶɫһ䣬ȻоһâԼͷҶ۵һǵâûҶɵĶͷ֮ڡ
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ʶڣһֻɫͻ·ڣҶʶڵʶʶڿռһš
ʶ飿ҶԺѸٸֳĸ֣䵥ַſջſڣֻǿһ
˵һ·ڵɫͻ棬Ȼһɫ˵ıǳɫͻ˹ȥ
״ɫͻ΢΢һ㶣ɫ嵽ǰ߱ǲһֻͻСһЩ˲·硣
ֵȺҶɫ԰ףβĿڿջſڣһȻ֮ɫЩԵӡ
Ҳм֮ˣתĿƺѰʲôȴûһ˸ҳĬĬؿҶɡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɿдһƺߣɫ˲԰ޱȣһ֮£˵ϡ
ͬʱ˲Լͬҡҡͷƺʲô
ȻҶɶͷڣһâһԼ俴һͷͻ״ٶޱȡ
ʱһâҶɶͷڼԼֻһβ״ֻһ֮£ǽɫͻϽҶɶͷ֮ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֪˵ضԶһֽתڴһߺȻɫһףдһƺߣ¶һ޷֮ɫ
ʲôʶ飿ôܣѵǣ˵꣬˫Ŀһ¶ɲ֮ɫ
ȻȥһСЩŹ֣ŪϸȻϷ˸ʧһ˿ߣĿ˿ԶЩ԰֮⡣
ԵջſڣһЩȺɢҶɵӰҲʧ⼸ʿſڴüͷ΢壬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ѵǰˣʶ飿
пܶǻӤϹֵģ
ԣпܱ˳Ȱɡ
ˣǻ߰ɣûϵ
۷׷ףǴһ˿ɻһ˿Ȥ֮ɫ뿪˸ԵջſڣҲٴλָ˰
Եջĳ侲ڣ
Ҷϥڴͷ˫Ŀգɫ԰ޱȣͷϻżκ飬ȥЩӡ
˷˵ûо춯صĶʶ֮ƴǱȶ֣һͽٲʶ𣬱֪Ĩɱ
ҲϹﲢûж̫֮Ҷɵʶ֮ԵֵˣҶҲĴܵһЩˡ
˵һԻָˣϾܹʶָ֮ĵҩҶɵڻû˵ֻˡ
һϹ֣ԺγǣҲᰲȫˣ˵ߣҲᱻסġ


371 
ԵջڣҶھ֮Уɫ۾֪Щʲô
ҶѣȻˣǲҪˣⱻϹ﷢֡ľϣһɫ԰׵Ҷɡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵãҲҪúñչصƣǼλٹĻ鷳֪ͨһ
İɣʱҲŵģҶѲأǾͲٹġɫһ˵
ˡҶɵ˵ͷ
ʲôĳʵ΢ҲֻЩˣˣˣϿչصһ¡˵껰ȥ
ߺҶɳƬֳ̧̣һ㣬˵һؽƹ΢΢һǽ
ţҶâһһɫϼϯһģ֮£ҶɵԣȻһòһģһꡣ
Ҷâһȴʧ꿴һܣ˴ͷĿֻΪȻͣԲ֮
Ҷɵķ
ռڣҶɸһУ˼Ȼ֮ɫܿռûʲô仯Ũ̶ȣȴݱԵҪŨࡣ
ҲɼǵúǰŨ̶ȣֻǱɽڸһЩ֪Ϊλ˱仯ѵԸӦΧԪŨ̶ȶı䷮ռ䣿
˵ĻҲ˵ֻͨҪԼĳһŨĵطһʱ䣬ǻӦռı䡣
ȻҲֻҶɵһ²ѣĿǰԼŶĹܣȻʮֱǺ幦Ч
ٶ룬Ҷ˫ĿһգǴϢ

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ӾȻ󷨣ҪʰҪƵ󷨣˵̫ѣҪŪ󶯾γ϶˵꣬ЩΪѵӡ
˼Ƭ̣һ¶һ˿Цڵߣһʱ䣬ͲһӣֻҪһ뿪γǣٺ٣һ٣¶˲֮ɫ
âһӰʧӰ٣

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ҶɫصĿǰƺڲٿʲôһϢѻָ۷״̬ɫҲǻָ˼ֹʡ
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Ҷǰһϱ׽֮Уŷ羫ʯԼ̫Ԫȼֲϣһ˴֮ڡ
Ƭ̺Ҷһ˦һâһĺȻΪһԾӨգȥгСӡ

۵һ֮£Ȼһ棬ͬһ˿˿ķҶɹע֮ڡ
ȫ֮£Ҷɱǿʼ޸ֻǹ̼仺ڵ̫Ԫƺڻӡ
״ҶɲɵҡͷЦһЩ߼ʵؼӲԼЩǰƵҩķѸʱ䣬ҶɻоʲôǼܵʱҲоԡ
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˵׻Ӥ֮ԪӤԴ߶ӤżЧƵҩʱ䡣
Ӥ𻹿ԷҲǼֲĴڣԪӤ֮ޱͨһ㣬ʲôֻҪ׻ӤԺǿʹͨ
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Ҷһ߿Ŵ󶦣һŷע֮ڣ޸ʱһĹȥ
ºɫ󶦽һҺ嵹ɢ͵İɫϼӾӨ͸ȥ͸һ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶһ΢΢һɢĿϼܷ֮һɫ쭷ϯ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦһУವһҶɵУ˫Ŀ΢еİžӨᣬ¶֮ɫ

һαչأҶ֮ã۷һڴͷĬĬشš
Ȼ丽âһҶɵӰֶ˿۷һۣ΢΢˵ͷ
״۷һ㣬âһʧھ֮ڣҶɵĵ֮С
Ҷ΢Ƭ̣һ֮£һöɫУžһ죬ǽ鿪
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Ҳ֪˶ãҶɺȻ˫ĿһӰҶɵķ֮С

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㽫ϷԼҪ̫ԪһӤںߣϴһ˿֮ɫǰһڰꡣ
ǰֻһ仰òҪңĻԲʲô³ģЩм˵
ˣҶɣ
ԣһ㶣漴һЦڵСӻŻϷ򲻳ɣΪҲ֪ĵϸ
㲻Ƕһɢޣһ㱳ûеļһ˵ΪƭϷ򲻸Ҷֲɣ
ԣҶʼ磬һνӣЩɲ
ڸһλᣬǷҶĳ鷳Ҷ˵˵
ԣߵŭһ˿˵ĽֵСӣҿĻòͷˣȻ֮Ϸͳȫ㡣
䣬һֲϢͷŶţһ죬ҶһץȥֱҶһ΢΢һ͡


372 Զ
ԼһץҶгһ˿֮ɫȴǾ򶨣һ˦
ݣ
һɫιмһģ֮£ն˰д֮ϡ
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һ¶һ˿ЦΪˣͿԱ𣿡ԱϣȭҶһ
ס֣ߣȻڼγǵңҿǻòͷˣʱԶ߰˵ӰǻӤΪ⼸ʿ
γǣЩӣ˵ԼֶСЩҲ͸ϵġ
һǻӤͬսʱ޷ֳʤһ󣬼γȻϵ
ôƫƧĵطԸһʿϵ֮ǰҶɻУһ֣ˣƺרŵԼһ㡣
ôѵ㻹Ʊ粻ɣȫ˼γǵĹأߣȥһ˰ɣӤ
λѣСƣҪǴߵĻӦðҲϣܷġ˵꣬ɫһıҶɳûߡ
£̵Ӥɫһ˵漴˿Ҷɣڵ޹أˡ
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ԣҶһ֣ʾˣ漴תź˵ƻأߣʿѵòͷˣһӤϹ֣
붼룬ȣ·ʱҲҪ֣վû
֣ƻӳɹأԱǹΪϷٺ٣ǼѲ˸պ÷֣㻹кνڲɣ
⣡ɫѿȷҪ˵ҶԼƣû˻ţ˳һһⲻʱ䣬ܵ
Ǹʱȥ׷ҶɣѾˣ
λѣû˷ʲôֻǼλѿѣϣλ̧֣лλ˵Żߵһ䣬һֻǳУ漴Ӹ˻Ӥ
״һӹʶһɨ漴¶Ц֮ɫֱӽ˻ȥ
ҿ㻹Ǹһ˰ɣ˵껰¶һɲɵƣһӤҲһ߰Χ
ߣһ˦ۣż뿪˴ֵϾڼγǣǲ֣γǶȥ

߰պҶλΪһӰ㣬ڼγĳֵϿٴţһṦ򣬱ǳ˼γǵĳţϴΪҶɵǼ
ֵǣ˷⼸ûΪҶɣһЦӡ
ٺ٣ҶѣȻѾȫˣʣһʯҲý˰ɣҶ΢΢һЦ˵˵һ䣬ȴǲûϷҶɡ
״Ҷɵһ䣬漴һֻʶһɨ֮£¶֮ɫ˼״ÿ˵·ҶǻΪһڿնԶжȥ
Բ˿еĴ˵һʯÿǧʣµĻҪǰûɣ
ԣ˽΢΢һЦһ꿪ڵ־Ͳؿˣֲó֣װ׵õǧʯкβģٺ١
˵˷ҪǶ֣ҪȥǰҲûסǻӤϹ֣ʯҲòġǾͺͰ׼һ
ãȻˣÿǧʯʣµģһսǰҪסӤϹ֣Ļȱˡ˵껰˱ǰʯָˡ
飬ЩǰҲûиɹЩʿΪ˻ӤϹ֣ҵһЩһЩôסӤϹּʱ䡣
ȻʿҲаЦʣµʯҲǰȫᱻ˽Զ̡
ߵɲװ˷ʱ£óļǧʯ˼Ҳϡ
ǰĺôǻǺϵõһ˳ƻɹ棬˵ᱻʯû˵ķ֣˽ԸһЩôǿԱеġ
ȻϾԭûץߺߣسŵСӴϢоһʲС룬ӤϹֵңɲɱȵģΪ׷ҶɣҲΪ˱ǻ˽½µġ
ЩҶɶҪˣҪǣ⼸ʱ䣬ӳ˼γǣϾγ޷ʹ÷ɶִ֮󣬷Ҳ߰ʱӳγǡ
һӳγǣҶɱǷ˲٣
º󣬼γһƬϿգһɫģӰϿһٶ֮죬ֻһ׺ۻգӰǳһˡ
ˣҶɡ
һ߷ɶݣһ߰͵ЦЩ˵Щ̰ʱܰæԼشŸ⻹ġ
Ҷҵ˵ԼЩôöԷ취סӤϹ֮ʱ붼ûľʹӦǼ˾취Ҷƣǰἰʱ׽ֻ֣ͽʯĿʵҶһѡ
Ǻ϶Ҳֲᷢԣ׷ҲˣΪҶɶżġ
֮ٶޱȣֱ֮ǰһΣΨһȱ㣬ķЩֲǰʩչӸʮ꣬ڣҶɸо߶һ궼ֲ
˰֮Ҷһֱûиоʲô׷ŷĲ٣֮󣬱ǳɫϢ
ľǸʮӤϹգһЦ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ʱһɫԶ֮£ͣ˳ſڣţһŰµݳ˷ۡ


373 
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˵ڼӤϹѾ֮ǰǰϡ棬ͬʱۼĻӤϹ֣Ҷɻǵһμ
˶ڳſڣҶǻ䵽棬ƿϿյĻӤϹ֣˳ſ
ǣҶɼ򵥵˵꣬ͳһֻڴʮУҶϤǵĹء
һҶЩϤӣӦòǶˣûΪҶɣֱӽҶһöʱƣҶɽӹ֮󣬱ǽľǡ
պһջһ侲֮󣬱ϥ·֮ãҶҲЩƣ
֮ǰ˶ĻӤϹ־ۼҶɲ²Ӧ֯ʲôжֻǶʮӤϹһжҲֻǺεҪĴ¡
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һʱ֮Ҷɽƴߣǳ˿ջڸһЩ̴Ѱ֮뻯ӤϢ˳߷һЩҩ̣չ˼ֺҩ
ҶԭǧʯңΪ뻯ӤϹֻǵ˴֮󣬷ʯѸټ٣ԼҪһЩϵǲ̫Ѱңʯļ۸ʵҶЩ
µʱ䣬ҶɵϣֻʣİٶʯЩ֮ļ۸ÿһҲңԼٻҪļһʯȻ̫á
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һǧʯֻ֮ĿˣǼҩʱ޷ʲôˡ
˿ݵʿҾԲ͵ģǼнʯԲǶʿܹõóġ
߰˸ҪȫǴʿµģ¾Բֹǧͽʯٺ٣лĻǿݵʿһ˵Щջġ
˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦǻص˿ջϢڶһ磬ҶɵӰʧ˾֮ڡ
պҶһҩй֮ʱֲֹ̫ص꣬ٵĲϣҲֻʣһ֣ǾڼγǿѰ޹ġɫײݣ
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صջ֮УҶɳûһֱϢ£һģ뿪˾ңҲ֪ȥ˺δ
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һɫӰԶ֣֮£ǳ˱ԴիſڣȺ˱ԴիӤδһۡ
ˣҶɣ
ԴիװεļͨҶûиӦ˿ƲҲֻ̱˵ң䲼õĽԼ޷Ӧ
ͷܶе˽ʲôЩǱĿҶһԵ˰ľ
һʱ󣬴ǰʯ̨֮ϣ֪ʱĳһӤߣɢһɿֲĲ΢ЦĿ˿ˣ΢΢̧̧֣·ʱѻȸ
λӭμӱԴիᣬϷͲིˣƷĶ࣬棬ʽʼ˵꣬һ˦ǰʯ֮ϣʱֳֻ̣һö
ߵһ㣬ǰϼһʧವһһâһ֮󣬱ǻΪһСıգһɫ˿ߣһɹϢɢ
ħרãڿռ伫㹻ݵֻħ֮˵ֻһͽ鱦ķѲĶ࣬⣬֮ˣ׼ǧʯʯ߿˿Сɽı˵˵һ䡣


374 
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ߣ
ʯ
߸һ׼ۣһּӼۻûϣļ۸񣬾ͱ̧ʯһڳ֮С
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿСɽһƾâǵõԼԪ޻Ӥһֹļ֮ͨ
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ƷҶҲܷŹһӤǽ⣬ֻҶЩģºлӤϹֳ֡
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ǧʯ
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һͽ鱦ʯȻ˵ۣҲǼˡ
ӤϹƺûǰֵ߳ıһĿûһۣʣʿȻСȼӼۡ
ʯʱһδ۵Ļ꣬Ȼһ䣬ΪһԲĴڡ
ԣԭûӼ۵ˣ˴һ֮󣬾Ȼһ˷Ӽֻۣʣ侺š
һǧʯһ߼Ӽ۵
ǧʯӼ۵һ־ڱصõӣ߿һ¼ǧʯ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ˼Ӽۡ
ʯΪ䶨ᱻߵʱһƮƮĴ˳
ѭȥֻһ꣬һε¶һɱ漴תͷӼۡ
һǧʯ
ǧʯڻ껰ʱ򣬰ֱӼӼ۵ǧʯⲻ˻ͷȥ
ȸ߼۹һͽ鱦ޣҲֵ˵ǰ㲻ۣھǶļ۸ˣϾһͽ鱦
Сɵ𣿾Ȼ๺ͽ鱦
ٺ٣бҪ;
ʲô;ܻ۸ֲǶԽõĶ
˲۷׷ҶҲû˵Ŀ⣬ǻ䣬εĴвĿ⿴ҶɣҶȴδһۡ
ǧʯһҧٴμӼ۵
ʯҶֱ˵һ䡣
ɫ˼Ƭ̣ȴ¶һֹЦݣڵһǧʯ
ǧʯҶüͷһ˵
Ҷ־ڱصãһֵӣͷᣬֻЩģҪѼ۸̧ȥΪҶɰˡ
ҪǧʯʱҶȴǵĿڵȻҪ¾ͲˣڼӼۣҶĳͷʵЩֵ
ԣɫһҪӼ۵ƷԼǧʯһͽ鱦Լûǰ޴
̨߿˼ӼۣǿڵǧʯټӼۣ
ãûжӤϹҲûȵͽ鱦΢΢һЦڵã˼λСĵãǧʯ
˵껰һʿձ֮ڣ̨Ҷȥ
ıǡͨ鱦׼ۣʮʯ߻һ䣬̨µһƬȻ
ͨ鱦ǿȫѹ鱦ĴڣֻлӤϹֲʸʹõıҶֲļ۸񣬲ɵðզࡣ
Ҷɽʯ꣬ǻվΣ׼뿪ᡣ
ﵽ֣ҶҲûټȥıҪͨ鱦ȼıҲԼܵǵġ
Ƭ̺Ҷ߳ſڣ˳Žֵĳȥ
ʱ֮ҶһҩſڣҪŵʱȻ˫ĿһУĻͷһۣ¶һ˿Ц
ûᣬҶһ̤ſڣ
ǰˣǹײݣҶɸһţһƱһЦ˵
˴Ҷϴֻ̣֮ǰɫײݣʯ᲻㣬ԵʱˣõҶɾײݹ򵽡
ɫײݵļ۸ǷܹһãʯЩˣҶ˵˵һ䡣
Сѣǲ˽ҩײݵļ۸Թȴǲ㡣ʱһߴӶ¥һ΢ЦĿҶɣһӤϹ֡
ԣҶ΢΢һ㶣ɻǰǺ⣿ѵΪ˵ɫײݼ۸ߣ
߰˰֣ڵСѲҪᣬϷǱĸȻ⣬ȻὫ֮⡣
ƺ˽ײݵԣϷײݲȴ˵ɫײݣɫײݡ
֮ǰϷصдæҲûϸֻǸ߻ײݣʯļ۸ۣҲײݵݡ
ԣҶЩԼ˵ɫײݣǻȷʵ˵ײݣƵҲ
ǰɫײɫײݵǣҶʵ
Ǻǣײݣ֮±һݰһɫһ㶼Ǹҩֿ׽֮á
ҲɫײݲЧҲݵײݣ˵ɫײݣϡټϷҲֻһѣѳۡ
ҪѰɫײݣɲ׵飬ңɲʯʯܹ򵽵ģҲҪʮ嵽ʮʯ΢Ц˵
ԣҶɲһ֣ЩЩ֮⣬˸߰ļ۸Լڸ𣬹ֲõ˵ٵϼѰɫײݣֻԺ˵ˡ
Ҷлߡ漴ȥһ߳ſڣ꣬һЦĿҶɡ


375 Ԫ޹෨
һ·֪к£Ҷɿ˿꣬˵һ䡣
ԣ΢΢һЦڵǮĳҲϻֻ㽻Ȼһһļ۸񡣡
ҶЦЦڵ֪˵ú۸Ƕ٣
һͽ鱦ҲʯǮĳǧʯ˵˵һ䡣
˼ʮҶĳҲ۵ģ˵껰Ҷɱǲˣ˳Žֵȥ
վסҪˣǮĳľǵ㻹˽⣡˵
ԷסԼȥ·Ҷüͷһ壬Ҫڳ鷳Ҷĳǡ
üͷһ壬ɫĿ˿Ҷɣ漴ÿ˵·ЦᣬԺǧʯòܻߡ
ҶûԷʼ磬ʧ˴ֵ֮ϣ
ĬƬ̣һһöɫУ漴һžһѶ
պ󣬳ſڸһɫӰһģ֮£ǳ
֮ͨҶɱǳľǣεڿն𣬼֮£ʧ˴Ƭռ䡣
Ҳ֪˶ãݹľǼһߣһӤϹ֣ɫĿ˿ܣ漴ҡҡͷһԵĻꡣ
뿪ΪʦҲӦĴڡ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ˫ĿһУߣû뵽ƻõʹæ뿪ľǡ
˵껰ĬƬ̣ٴη˳У

ݱԵһɫڸ߿ռٷɶݣٶȼ죬֮£ǳһˣ䷽ƺŶжȥ
֮ϣһһӰϥ˴֮ڣҶ
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ҶɫЩ԰ף΢ͷϲ˺ˮһĲСӡ
ҶڣԵԪӤɢ͵Ĺϼ䶯һṦ򣬱ǳ˵֮⡣
ȻҶһһһСӤһƮ۷Ķͷ

Ԫ۹
򽻻㴦һƬ󺣣Ԫ۹֮䣬˴Ǳǳ֮Ϊĺ
ĺӴռСϵڶ࣬޳Ⱥ˵˼ޣ
ʮ󣬿Ԫ۹ĺԵӰգһڣڡ
һ˵˵ЦЦֻ϶һɱŰ֮ʱĺƺڵȴʲô
ʱһɫۣԶһٵƿ֮˸ӹ֮£ǳԶ
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ڰ۲ãӰҲ֮ʧֻʣ˰һվڰߡ
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ڼ䣬ҶҲǽԪ޵Ĺ׹ע۷ʮУҲǽԪա
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ȻǼֶŽƣҶȴǲûдʲôн⿪Ʒ⡣
ֻҪӰһЩصĹҶɶ۷һϧıǣʥħ޷ΪмֲϱҶ֮󣬱ʣ޼
Ժҵ⼸ֲϣĻԺҲֻ֮ˣҶҲģϾԪΪڴڼ䣬ҶɱҲٴԪ
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СӣֻΣĳԲŹ㣡䣬ҶɱǸоԵ棬վһ۵ӡ
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СӣΣĳ޻أߣһ䣬ӱɫһĳ˶ѨϿգ


376 ׽ٵĿֲ
¶Ѩڣһɫ°ӣɢļ֮һɫӰϥ˺Ե
ֻǰڷʮӲӵ֮еǱ״еһЩԵĲϡ
굥ץһӲӵֻԭ֮ȴǻʧϵĹҲðޱȡ
ʱֻһɫ˿ߣڣץ֮Уǳһɫ˿˳ֱ۴ڡ
УһһСӤ̰֮ܵɢһ͵Ĺϼ
ԭľګޱȵϣǻ¶һ˿ϲõı飬üһ֮£˫ĿҲǻһƺǼ˫ۣҲӵһ˿ԣ
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ʱһĹȥȻû뿪벽ҲǱðƺʲôûзһ㡣

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ƽޱȵĵطȴЩ⣬ϿմһƬŰɴСԪУͬ©һ㵹ա
ܵԪл۶ȥԪҲԽԽŨȥͬһƬīһ㡣
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׳۵ܵһЩ޶ڵأһսľӣƺǷʲôֲĴڡ
ڻƷȱԵһźȹֳֹȵĳª˰գ
Ѿͷ̫أԸ־ǿúܣһŬʣǰͿԳӤƿˣ˵꣬ª¶֮ɫ

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ŽâɫĿһ֮쳹ѨҶҲǿڵҲ֪ھΡ
ɫЩǵӣ˫Ŀ΢еĿһС
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ѨڣȻĿâһƸֵֶ׽֮ƻ
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һϢԭƬҲʧȥĹ󣬿ȥǱӡ
˲ǵѪһ˿֮ɫû뵽׽ֻ֮һЩҪԼ


377 ֲ
¶ѨڣҶħڵ棬ȥЩǱЩɿֲ׽֮
⣬ⱾǻӤڵֿ׽٣ǱȻӤϹֵǿ壬ҲҪѵģֱ׽֮СʱԶ°Ӹһɫ԰ףϢ꣬˵˵һ䡣
˵ӰҶɵ۷
ֻǿȥϢ֮ǰûʲô̫ı仯ûӤϹſֲơ
Ҷɿ˿۷ü˷ǳɹˣ
ԣ۷΢΢һЦڵ˵صľ뼫ӣ˲׽ٵ´˷ҲҪˡ
˵ǣԪӤ۶ˣٺ٣˵껰Щ۷΢΢һЦ
ҶһϲֻҪɹܵƵνġǺãڴ˵ϢһȻ취ӳȥֻЩϧЩˣǽȫȡĪĺôҶҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ҷ˵껰ǳȥ˱ָһµڵأȡöҩ֮󣬶۷ţ漴Լ̷ţ˫ĿһյĴ
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Ŀǰʵ࣬һһҪȫֵ֣סĹ֮ұʩչӳȥҶɫص˵һ䡣
ģҷ֮󣬱嵤֮ڣֻǣ֪Ķ٣ܷӵùϹġ۷Щǵ˵
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һܹشߵİգҲһЩҶ˵˵漴˿
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ݣ
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âһһԾӨḡֶҶ׼ԶݶߵʱȻüͷһͣ¶һɲ֮ɫ
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ϣһаɴСĹĿĵ¶Ӵ壬ǻΪ룬ԣѱȾѪ֮ɫ


378 ȱ
ҶգЩŵĿ޵ʬ壬ɵðզ࣡
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ವһһգҶʮָ֮£һöö£Ŵһɶ롣
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ȻԪ޵ȱǸշжԼû׼ԪԪ޵ʿΪҲԽ֮
޷շУҶҲûԪ˷ʱȥлӰķɶ֮ȻΪҶڣȱ㵹ʲô
ȱǣԪֻܷһ֮ҶɵƶϣԸӤڵʿԽֳ֮ʹã޷ԷնɱҲöԷԿСܹԷһЩ˺
ҲԱ¶ԪĿǰΣһ֮ȴֻնһֺķ֮ͨҲ֪ͨԪ֮УʲôȼĹ
ԪܹͨһЩԪרõıʵᱩٲһξͺľ֮κλֵ
ȻԪ˶Ӧķɶ֮ҲӦñҶɴ߶ЧҪãϾǻӤʿܹɶݣӦòġ
ϧԪ޷ҲֻܿҶɵĶ϶ûҶɿģϾֻһ
ƵɽΪԪ޶ǽ׵˻Ӥڣһֵʱ򣬼ҲȫϣնȽԷشƾԼʿӤΪԸ˵ĻӤϹֵ֣ġ
ҶʿΪڣնܽԷˣԼȻ޷ɱԷϾʵ̫󣬶ԪֻնһĴֻܷһιĹ
뵽ҶЩԭΪԪ޻ӤԼڻӤʿûʲô֣ڿԸһ˻Уһ˶࣬Լֻķݡ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɷһתŴԪ۹ķȥ


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һö֮ڣҶɿ˿ɵ¶ɻ֮ɫܹصķҲ֪ʲô
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ǧնҶץЩ˹Ĵ󶥼֪ͨҶҲǼʶ˹Ŀֲ
ٺ٣עƪѵǧնԪ⴫ڵӣֻǰ벿Ҷ˵Щɻ󣬵ȴû˼ȥ²Щ
ԼպȱһЩܵͨȴڴ˵ϵõˣһ˸߽׵Ĺ
˫Ŀ΢գȫעĲ鿴ŴͨĲ

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֮ϣҶһϥһöһ
Ҳ֪˶ã˫Ŀһһ֮£¶֮ɫ
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ݱԵһҶʮɴСɫԶٶȲ죬ĳжȥ
ڣҶһ֮ϣЩ֮ɫŶһ߽ɫܡ
һҶһ漴ǰһ㡣
˵һܿռһһϼ˸֮䣬Ȼ۳˰ĽӰ
˽Ӱɢâȥϼ۶һ㣬Ҷһǵصն˽ɫܡ
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зһ䣬ٴ˹ϼʱ䣬ǧڽӰٴ۶
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̧һУɫܻΪƴС֮󣬱Ҷɵʧţ˫ĿһգԺǧն֮

һҩȣ
ڣƹҶɣˣУһƷ裬һʲô
Ҷѣÿλʱ䣬ԽԽ˰ξȻãӦ˲СĻɣǺǡƹ˿ҶɣˬһЦ˵
ԣҶ˵ǹһЦڵƹҶʦȥǧڽҵʱѾ˵ˣεĻȷС
ʵҲʲôֻԱֶֶ˼ֶѡҶ˵꣬˿ƹ
ʱ䣬ҲǸոս׵ڣֻǻƹƺչֻǴﵽ۷ӡ
ҶɸµĵҩԹǽ׵ԲȻ˵ͬҪȻƹǿһЩ
ĳ˺ڵƿƺͻƣ׼չһʵڲеĻ½׺ˡƹɫЩȻ
ƹ㱯ۣ·αؼһʱģҶĳ㲻ֹڴ˵ġҶɹһЦ˵
ǣƹżʵڲУҾȵȵȹ׺󣬽ĳҲǴȤһ䡣
ǧҪΪĳ飬ӰʵЩȥģƹ˵꣬˲һЦ
һᣬҶɺȻɫһһȡֱֻ׸˶ˡ
λҶĳ˷ȥҲ֪ʱٻصݣʱ̣ԣͰЩǣʱܰﵽǵģҲֻЩˡҶɫ֣صĿ˿ˣ˵˵һ䡣
ǣ˿дɻ˵
ʲôϢŲƷ߽鱦߼ҩмͨƹʧɫ˵û뵽Ȼ˶ı
þȣÿһݣǴԪ۹һԪӵĴ洢̫ЩֻҪӤϹ֣ûʲôġ
ȻҲҪ˶ʲôʿ֮УҲһЩʵ˵ĴڣСģʦ֣Բ֮Ҫ뿪ݣҶɫ֣صĶ˵
ʦܷģҲ֪ʦ־ǿʤ֮ˣԲ֮Բ뿪ݵġɫصĵͷ
ĳǲ뿪ˣһҪڴ˵Ⱥٻ˵껰ƹɫȻЩ
Ҷɿ˿ƹƺ˵ЩʲôȻſӰһ˾Ŀȥ


384 ȴĽ
Ҷɵ˿ߣɵ΢΢һ㶡
ǧѰƹعæкһһƣ
ҶЩɻ֮ɫ˿ǧѰϹһۣǧѰΪҲǴﵽڣ
Ǻǣλѣ²ûдǰɣǧѰһ˵˵һ䡣
һ֮۰һĴڣǰȻд˵ҲǼӡ
ǧѰݹ٣ĳ˻ҩȵϡͰƹЦЦ˵˵һ䣬ȴһ˿ɻ
Ҷѣϲ״Բ֮񲻹ٶʮ꣬ᣬ׻ӤȴָտɴǧѰһҶɣЩп˵һ䡣
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵлǧѰҶĳн죬٣ҲҪлǧڸϳȥģнĻԵ
ƹɵɫһǧѰһ¶һ֮⡣
ҶѣԹϷ򵱳ľǧѰ˵˵
ǧѰˣҶĳ˵ĻǧѰңջڻ³ң಻һסҡ
ȻǧڼҲԲнĳɾͣԣҶĳǰ˵ĸлĻġҶɫһ˵
ҶҲ֮ǰǰ˼룬һЩѿؼԼλãѹҲȫֵģµĻҲһ֮λãҲȷôõġ
Ҷܹ⣬ǧĳȷл̫ĻͲ˵ˣϾѾȥǧĳҶһ顣ǧѰɫһ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һ㶣ʵǧѰ˵ҶĳܼᾡǧѰģԸлͽԪҷһε֣
Ҷʵټƴ꣬ŪŽԪӦò£ǧĳ֧ӦʯǧѰɫ֣ص˵
ҶɳƬ̣ȷԼʵҪ򼸿ŽԪǿģֻǿҪ˷һЩʱ䡣
ǧѰһŽԪļֵ²ǰ򵥣һЩɢޣҲܹõġ
Ҷĳǲ㣬ֻķѴʱ䣬ݵԴǧѰҲԹ̫ģһЩԪҩӣͽƹ
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־ԶϷҲԣҲûָʲôֻһܹȫػǧڵ߽ףϷҲͿĿˣҲԵʦˣ
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ǧѰٻһʮԪڽڣٻһٶԪٶʱ䣬˵ٽһġ
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ҶɳƬ̣һһֻУ漴ǧѰ
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Ҷѣǧ˶㣬ȴܹϷǧѰҶѴ˵ϷûʲôܹϵæԺҶһ仰ϷҲɣǧѰЩɫǺ죬ɫ֣صӡ
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ƹƣһһ߾ٱһʲôҶǸ˽һЩĵþ飬Ҳüǳ˲ٵ·
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Ҷɽͬʱ˲ʱϼ䣬ҶҲǲ䷳ϸ˵ţһЩݵı仯ԼҶЩľ
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ҶѣⱻϷ㣬̫Ϸ˵˵·᫣̰˽ҶѻܱŴʴ֮ģǲֵ꣬ʵѵã˵껰ǧѰյһ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦ˵յһںȥбյҶ΢΢һЦ
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ֵ֮ˣ˵ʲôҪʱȻߣ
ˣҶѣϷһλһ£ҿɻǵãٶǰݵʹߣ˵꣬ǧѰһ֣֮ɫ


385 ׼
һʹ֣ҶɲüһԼֶԹƺйأ
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ŶȻˣкöͱȡ𣿻ڣƹɻ˵һ䡣
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˵еսܣ֣֮һҲЩ֮ˣʱʶܣŴܲȵģҲ˶ܵġ
ҶԣȴЩŹ֮ɫԼǽһˣԼòϣԸÿһֻ
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⵹ûУ˵н֮ױǿԴȥûʲôΣմڣǧѰÿɷ˵
ҶֱԼӦýǵţҲ֪Ϊл뷨ŸоЩ죬ִˣһʲôδ֪ΣգԱǡ
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صһһ̳һһ˶ߵĽɫܣȵ˵棬պվɫĻɵĻŸ
ҼסҽĻҶ˵꣬һ֮£ǽɫ˫ĿϼһǱǾٲˢһɫĻ֮У漴ʧɫĻǵһ󲨶
ףȻʶ֮ҶЩȵ˵ǿܸһȥҶɸо˲ʧȥϵǿܴ˿̱٣ԼҲ˿Ӧ
̽·޹ҶϽ֮ɫһڽâһλǰƮȥ۵һǵ֮С
˶һۣ漴½ĸȥƬ̺ʯ֮ҲǱðֻʣһҹգҰ˵ʹϼ
һƬ谵ĿռڣȻһϰգΪһɢҰ׹âҹ飬Ƭռӳĵ
ҹ·һɫӰգˣҶɣ
ȻԶһɲһģģɫĻ΢΢һΣӰֶһҶ֮󣬱
ҶɻͷһǻƹǧѰ
ֻ˵ϣǴһɳаЦݣҲЩ쳣ӳܻ谵ĹߣȥЩӡ


387 ʯ
ƹ˵쳣ûӳҶɵ۾ֻһ
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۵һ˫ռ΢΢ɿ֮£һɫ쭷ܺ޷ӽҶɷֺ
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֮ǰڽɫɽն֮ϣӰǧٿףȻһѶΪһźɢա
ʱҲǻָ˰ҶգɫصܣƺѰʲô
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˹ɽƲȻ˹죡Ҷɵһ䣬鿴ã漴Űһס
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ŶǧѰҪ𣿡ʱſӰһҶɺȻ
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ƹɫһĵ˵ͷڵݾõıܷۣʲô飬ͻصһ취
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ĸºݱԵ˵Ӱٴγ֣֮󣬱ǳݣݶϷȥ
ˣҶɣѡķ򣬸պĴ֮һħţҲ֪ҶʲôֻһĨصЦݡ


392 뻢
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ħ⣬ҲдţƽҲͳ֣ȷʵЩ죬ھӣƽʱҲɳһЩѲѰħͷֻƺûд׷ɱӡ

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˵Ǿ;䣬ƽʱɳһЩӾͺãһɽڲвֹͣħŵɱ¾Ϸ򽫻Գ֣նɱ
ӢһӲڶԿħţǶҲûôֽУҲһŻĺһɫ˵
ԣҲ¶Ц⣬׷׵ͷѣֻлЩƵӡ
ǺǣϷŻĻã£κϹסˣ˵꣬īоһ

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ҶɸոնɱħŵӣԳг׼Զ뿪ƺҪߵӡ
ʱȻʮθʿųзҶ֮Ҳ΢΢һ㶣һ꣬ҶɵЩϤ
ŶչѣôҪҶĳҶɿ˿꣬ǵУǬŵӰչҲǴﵽ۷塣
ԣչ˿Ҷɣüͷһ壬һ˿ɵ֮ɫǼʶҶɣնɱġ
չЦЦڵҶѣݵҲӦ˽⣬ĴŲܼħͷܵġ
Ҷ˫ĿһУǰʮˣ΢΢ЦЦȻˣչѾͲҪԼľ
ҶѣĳĻû˵꣬شҶѶپˣܹ׷ϣ˷ҶֱԶݣҵҲһ׷ϣȻΣҲҪԵġչоһ˵˵
Ҷԣһ㶣漴¶Ȼ֮ɫչǲ붯֣Լ뿪
Ҷɵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ漴ݹһԶȥ
ħͷˣ׷չһȣʮˣƺƵ׷Ҷɣƺƴֻ˶ٲ죬һṦ򣬾ͽԽԽԶֻԼ俴ҶģӰߡ
Ӷٸҵ׷ɣչȻһ䣬Ҳƺ˿ԭ·ء
ףôǿɱ⣿ȻչͣסΣһһϾɲԶҶߵķ
˿ֻ̣ģĿҶɲ֪ʱͣӰ棬һź۵Ӱ
˵̫ԶԿòԶĿֲɱ⣬ȴʲô
⣬ǿɱ⣬ѵħκħͷԳֶԸ׷ħͷˣһһ˵
ԣչüͷһ壬ڵ˾ҲԺ䶯ˣ·Ҳߵ˾ͷߣǹȥ
չ˵껰ǴˣҶڷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶɫصһɽϿգ棬һ׶󺺣ǰ׷ɱԼӤϹ֡
СӣϷβɱ㣬ǻὫץȥúĥһߣ۴ɫŤ˵껰֣Ҷһץȥˣħšκ


394 ˫ħս
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ˢһ̼̽նħ֮ϣƴСȫɱ̼Ƿֳʤܡ
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ҶһȻ֮ɫĿԼƺʲộһҶڷһԼɡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ԭҶκħսĵطʮӰգһ𾪲ѣȴɻ֮ɫ
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395 
ݣ£ĴŽɳѲӣƺѰҰ׷ħͷټ׼Χնɱ
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ֵǣһʱ䣬ҲĴɳѲߣװҲװȥħŵĵӣҲѰҰ׷ħͷ
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ĴͨӣһҲͷԣ˵˽ǸоһĪ㱩Ϯζܸоʲô·
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֮Ƿзκΰ汾ĴŶУھһЩ˿ʣΪ˵̸ʡ

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ף׷׷ħͷãֱָۣŰʧķ򣬽Ͱ͵˵һ䡣
ħͷûѵģһɲţ˱ǲ²

߳ƹſڣּȥˣҶɡ
ǰ˹ǣʱ䶼й䣬±˲֪һ㣬ֵǣҲûǰǣҲĴŵǰΧˡ
Ҷ֮䣬Ȼһˬʵ˫֮С
ҶʦܣصݣҲʦִк˵꣬һĿӰڽֿڳ֣Ҷ΢Ц
ʦ֣Ҷɺ֮ɫЦе˵һ䣬ʵɽڣҶɵİҲǲСͬǧʱĽһ㡣
ҶɶҲĴмԴӰһֱҲʵѣȴҲﲻԽָ顣
壬ǬҶִСһɳֵܣ꣬κҲҲˡ
ǺǣҸպڸЩ飬˵Ҷʦڴ˵س֣Ͻ͹㣬ȥһҲûʼҶħŵ飬ֱӱҶȥ˾ƹݡ
ҶȻᷴʲôˣֻص֮ǰľƹݣϴĶ¥䡣
Ҷ˵޷ǽһֵܣȴӰĺøУϾͬţŲĽ顣
ʦ֣ϲ״Բ֮ҶһЦ漴һ
±յЩӣҡͷ˵˵Բ⻯ӤƿǽˣϾӤʵ̫ϡС
ҵȻǧԪҲ̫żԵһȻˮɵġҶЦЦڵ
ǺǣʦҾûʦֹˣʦܻԵϣֶͨ죬˵֮ǰشκħ֪Ǽ٣ƺЩ˵
ԣҶɽƵŲæƷһڣ±յ΢΢һЦ
ִţʦֻ𣿡Ҷɲһ䡣
Ǻǣˣʦֿ϶ŵģʦϣһЩŵģϾɽڿɽͨҲǳưݵĴڡɫһĿ˿Ҷɡ
Ƭ̣ҶɵûʲôͷǺǣſЩ󣬵ȷǽһκħʹõҲն
˵Щ׼Ҷ׿ڳϣҲܹڻ˻ӤϹնж
Щ嶯ҪԼҲһնֻû֮壬ñ³
Ҷʦܣʵʦֻһ飬Ҫʦһ¡һ֣صĿ˿Ҷɡ
Ŷʦ֣ʲô鵫˵޷ҶϹһ˿֮ɫȴһĨ⡣
Ƭ̣һ׵һƣڵҶʦܣʦܵľӴϵĴҶʦһ£ʦǷȤصɽڡ
Ȼɽ֮ǰ˵е˷һҶʦһĽʦҲǴΪѡ񣬲Ӱ֮ĸ飬֪ʦк뷨


396 ӿ
ɽڵ룬ҶԤϣĻҶҲɽڵ̹ҡҲԼƻ֮һֻǣû뵽ɽڶô졣
Ϊ˴̽ɽǷԪ޹ͨԼͱɽڣɽ̸ʸ񣬵֮ǰȻС
ҲˣҶɲżƻħʵشκħԼ̸ʸ
˵ԼǣҶȻЭΪԼҪ̸Ķ󣬶Ҳûдɽڵʸ
뵽Ҷ΢΢һЦڵʦֵ֣ܺò׾۵һ𣬽̸ֻ飬̸£
ԣ˿Ҷɣɫһĵ˵ͷֿʼȫԺ󣬶ƺҲǷ
һֱ˴պ󣬶˲뿪˾ƹݣ˿󣬱ǸȥҶǻص˿ջ
ڣҶɵ°ͣ˫Ŀ΢еĿԶʱҶɸԼ̸ʲôɽǰ
ʼЩʧɫתһ룬ҶȷʵʸԼҶЩ飬ľӴǰᱻҶɾ֮⡣
֪īţѡ񣬺ٺ٣˵꣬Ҷ˫ĿһգĴϢ

ʲôħͷȻ˹ҪȥɽڴڣһŭЩɻĿľӴϡ
ϷҲǸոսӵϢʱ£񲻴ġľӲÿɷĻһ䡣
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ī˫Ŀʹָйɵôη֣ȻλϾϷȥݣǲ֪λ˭ס仰˵˭شκħ
ԣ˲ɵһ׷һ֣ʲô
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ʦ壬صϢ˵ħͷʦǰȥ˵ЩʲôͲö֪ˣ˺ǬҲħͷ
ʦ壬籯ԴǰȥħͷǰͣȻʦ£һⱻǬռȻ˵꣬ɫһĿ˿ȼ
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κħ˵ƽʱᣬҲǣס⣬κ䣬Ҷɱɽ£ܾ޴ѹ
ˣȼʱְκħҶɺȻʩչնһʩչʶֻӤϹֲʩչʵÿȼʦһ
󣬿ȼʦȻߣҶɣص֮󣬿ȼʦעҶɵĶ
ǬγϹûۼһĻ»£Ҷɵģⲻ֪֮ݶңɶͿ̿
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ʦȱΪΪݴֿǣʵ֮£գ˫ֺʮ˵˵һ䡣

ǣĳջڣ
ҶɸոǬϣ˫ĿһЦЦصס֮С
ľ֮ϣǱĿϢ˶ʱҶɵУȥй䣬ϻصջûĸ۵ĸҶɡ
˵ȷҶʵΣҶɶٶĴ־壬شκħǼ٣նɱԲڤϾ档
գҶ˫Ŀһ׼ȥּҿȻüһ
ǺǣϷɽīɷһʱ⴫һߵЦ
ԣҶһڵŶīţ
֨
һһŰۣĿɣ߳˾֮ڣҲ䶯֣Ƿűһء
ңһľ֮ϣ΢ЦĿ˿Ҷɡ
ҶѣʵҵƽƱáīЦ˵
Ҷһƾ⣬ЦҶĳͲƴˣ֪īǰк飿
ҶѿЩ֪ˣٺ٣ϷҶ»صɽڣ֪Ȥī˵꣬˫ĿһĿҶɡ


397 ̸
ŶɽڣҶĳΪҪɽڵģԱʵ˵׸һŲ̫ܣҪݻĳţǿ԰쵽ġҶɲΪȻ˵
ԣīüһ漴ЦǺǣҶѴԷ飬īĳҲҶʵԣҶ¼ɽڡ
Ȼ˷ɽڣ֮ǰ鲢ûκιϵҲҶһȫµݣҶʵ켣ɢޣʵϧˡ
ʵĴռԴȥвĴʱ䣬ҵʣʱΪǸã
Ҷĳû˼ҲûоҶĳкκôҶʼ磬˵
Ƭ̣ī˫ĿһУڵҶѣīĳֱˣϷҶɽڣְǣţԺɽڸţκδС㶼ȨΣ
īѣҶĳȨûʲôȤǺǣҶҡͷ˵ǸţҲʮʵĿռӰˡ
īüͷһ壬û뵽һְ޷Ҷɣ˼Ƭ̣ŽչԴɽڶ洢ԴҲʵҶѡһЩ
ŶīţҶĳֻҸĵطѡҶ˵˵
ģɽڽɽڳɢһƬأ˾ԲҴţҶһĳīһ˵
䲻ҶҪ¾ҶҪ󶼲ᣬԼ϶ûϣˣѪ£ҶɣīȴԼļƻ˷ǳɹǻرģԱȸҪࡣ
Ļīֻ˼ǧϹԣǾԲģֻҪҶɼţɽʱһأԺĺôݵ档
ŶڲӰҶĳ£ֻǹҸҶĳҲǲܿǣҶƺڿһ㣬˵˵
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ŶҶָǣնī΢΢һ㶣նɽڹȷڲ󣬶רŵܵ¼
˻նżͨȷܹͨȥĵģ˹ҲڱҶɿϵġ
նҲһ֣ȻҶĳȤģɽڵԼŵ伮նصĹҶĳҪ鿴һ¡Ҷ˵˵ûֱ˵Ԫ޹ⱻԷʲô
īüͷ΢壬Ƭ̣ڵ˵Щ󲿷ֶ㣬ֻնصĹʵûУôͨѲɻһЩ
ԣҶһī˵ѵӣ˿˲֪Ԫһϵֻһǿͨ
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Ŷԭˣͨҵ޷ɽѻķϣҲ˹ģҶʣǿвһһ㣬˻Ҷѵġī˵˵
˼Ƭ̣Ҷƺ˵ʵնԸκϹҶĳûȫ֣նɱĻҶĳʮɰգߵĻᶼûУ
ʲôīһܹκħشѾ˲ţҶ׿˵ҲǿЦӣ仰˵ҶҪԼīߵĻᶼûС
ǲ֪ҶѵΪηŹκϹīЩɻʵ
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ҲҶĳ꣬īǰҲûӵĿܣҶ˵꣬΢΢һЦĿīһ֮ɫ۽ǿѣ翴һĿҶɡ
īѷģֻҪûʲôҶĳǲֵģκħǸ鷳ҶĳһԽȫġ
Ȼں£īͺãҲ룬ҶĳǰЩʲôԴһ£īѴɡҶɺ˵ƺ˵һ΢С¡
īԣЩ𾪣ЩڴͬʱжҶҲ˼ּɵ뻳ɡ
ҶѣǾףǺ죬īĳһõģī˵˵һ䡣
Ǻǣ޷Ȼī˵ˣؼʱ̣ҶĳҲһģҶɵͷ˵漴һЦһЩ¡

ºһըϢݣ
Ϣ֤ʵ˰׷ħͷȷʵشκħ飬ңǰ׷ħͷطɽڣ׼ȷ˵Ǳɽڡ
׷ħͷݣĴ֮һɽڵĸţȫȨ֧ɽڵȨ˵ī䶼Ҫ֡
Ϣһݿʼ׷׸о˲Ͽȴûʲô쳣ʵ򰵵￪ʼо˶Բߡ
һЩɢޣҲᵽһɻҩζƺҪ죬Ҳдţɽͳһݵ飬Ҫݡ
ǰ˺ɱİ׷ħͷҡһ䣬Ϊ˸߸ϵİ׷ħʥ˾Ĵڣ֮ͬУֻ˻ӤϹֲǵĴڡ
ɽҲλξٰ˴ףܣҲǽӵֵǣûǰ룬һ㡣
䵱죬ҶܵĿҶɵһЩӣԶԶҪڶŵľҶֻ¶һ棬뿪˴ֳص֮ǰźõס
壬ɽо֮ȴǻˣҷԲϣûҶɵκ˲׽Ҳīţ
һգҶɶվڸ߸ߵ嶥һɫƮڣ˫ֵ¶һ˿п֮⣬ɽڵһС


398 ɽڣ
壬
ڣҶɣһƷ裬һʲô
Ҷţû뵽㵱ǰȥ룬֪㲻ӦϾɽ㺮֮¡
Ҫ󴫻ţûٻ˵ҶŻصɽЩţһŹȻ١Щп˵
ɽαնһ̣ҶҲû뵽н죬ʵٻģȻҲֻǼǰ뷨ѡ
ҶҲᵽûԶĵˣֻԶ棬ǰҶɶмһˣԼҲⲻУ֪УҶɵҲı䣬øӦ󻷾
Ҷɸû˵ʱ˻ǰƺɣִⷴԣҶҲûپʲô
ǺǣصɽڣҲû뵽˲Ϣ䣬ҵ޷͸ġҶ˵˵
Ҷɶһһ㣬ʦƣ֪ΪΣƺҶɵľЩԽԽԶ濴ǺУģȴһϵء
ĴգȥҶǽнһصһ֮ڣ˫Ŀһյ˼ʲô
ȽǧնźãֶҲЩԪ޵ĹԺ˵ɽʱȥĵġ˵껰ҶһֵӡǱտڲ

ݱ£
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ֻ˵ԼСܵˣ˵ܽκĳܣҲҰͬʱ֣˵ɽûʵ
Ŵ˻ȼʦüһЦκʩ˵ûмħͷ֣ģγʩʵڲҲ޷
ĵи취ɽڳ˺֮ǰۼʶħͷȷʵܹشһӤϹֵĿֲʵңشһӤ
Ŷ֪ȼʦкθ߼κ˫Ŀһ˵˵

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Ҷɴ˷ǧնҲڽɹڰǰ֮󣬱ǽɽڸ߼ܵص
µʱҶɲһЩɽǰļأһЩɽĴ˵ĹͨԼնʼûеõԪ޵Ĺͨ
ΨһеöǼɽ洫һƷҲûᵽԪ֮£ҶЩʧ
ȻԶһɫӰƮɶīš
Ҷѣпġīڷ嶥Це˵
īǰҶĳʧģ˵ŻŴȥҶɽ
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Ҷ̫ǫˣϷԶɽ壬ӦǹɿֲĲģˣм˵£ħƺЩ
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ԣҶɫһ˼Ƭ̣ڵǷ˿ӣҶĳ˵κħʧˣ֪᲻ϣ
ҶѴԳ֣īһϲʵ
ǺǣȻҴҶĳΪţȻӲġҶЦ
Ҷмְڶǰնɱκħīоһʵ
ԣҶ˫ĿһУȻ΢΢һЦڵҶĳɲɱ˵ģ˵Щ̯ӣīԴúá
⡣ī¶Ϊ֮ɫڵҶѲնɱκֻǶսīĳûܿȼγ˵ģֻҶѻɱκħˡ
ҶתԼҪնɱκħͱȫʩչն߻ӤϹ֣ʱ˭Լ֣ԱʵûС
ҶɿɲɵȫȥնɱκҪܹ˼ɣҶͽκնɱˣԼϾĻӤϹ֣һ֮Ӥ¸ûжԿʵ»ᱻ˿ߡ
Ҷɵ뷨һʹð˳ʵشˣ֣Ҷɱ㲻ˣֻʩչɵĿռնһ±˾ͺá
Ҷ˼ʱīȴҶɲԸˣоǹΪԼԼµ㱾Ǯ´˷ԤڵЧҲò̫ĺô
뵽ī˫Ŀһƺ¶ʲôһ㡣
ҶѣҪõɽ飿īȻ˵һ䡣
ԣҶ˫ĿһУЦŶīʲôûʵġ
ǺǣǵǣҶѲҪᣬīĳɽйصģȻһطī˵
֪ʲôطīأҶЩȤӡ
ɽڣɽ֮أϷ֮ҲԶī˵˵
Ҷƺµʲôһ˵֪ɽڣɽкιϵѲɴ˵ɽʧǼ٣亡ɽڣ
ǺǣǵǣɽȷʧˣɽڣڣһŶ޷򿪵ңǸңɽչش֮ī䣬Ҷɵ˫ĿһС


399 Լ
ɽչ֮أҶ˴˻һ˵
ҶһֻѰйɽ飬īĳĵطֻɽŲſԽ롣ī˵˵
Ҷת˵ؼȻɽǰģ˵ʲôԪйصƷ˵ֻܹ룬ȻԷ˵ˣ϶˶Բߡ
ǺǣīѣǾҶĳҴңı˵Ҷɻһ١
ȻɽУһЩͨϷ򽫻ḴӡݣҶһݣΣī˫Ŀһе˵
ҶĳиҪīòϵıǾ͹ҶĳУôҶ΢΢һЦ˵ھ鱦ҶҲᶯʲôֻõԪרõı
Ҷ˵ˣϷʲô˵ģֻҪϷҪıͳͳ͸㣬ȻҪɽڣһīȻɫһ˵
Ҷ˫ĿһУڵʲô
Ͼɽڣֻܹ룬ҶҲֻǴӦɽڴһѣɽڣҶҪɽʮ긱һְīȻɫһ˵
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˫ĿһĿīȻЦЦ
ǺǣϵīѹȻƣҶĳʵĹϸһְʮ꣬ڼ䣬ⲻΪɽڳս
һɽŵ򣬻øԴҲưݣģֻһ仹֪Ǵڱҡ
ȻûбīҲʧʲôʲô﹦Ҳǽɽ޷⣬ɽջ޴ҶĳȴһҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣīоһȻһЦ˵Ҷĵϸ£ҶҲһûջġ
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һйɽ¼նصĹҶѿջ޴󡣡
ҶЦЦת֮£оĿǰҲֻܴӦϾԼǲǿɽڣҵġ
ҶĳһҪҪһЩϣԼ֮Լ౦ɽҪҶĳչҶɫһ˵
ԣīϲɫһڵҶѣ֮£
Ҷĳ˵ɱǷǣȻҲնɱκħǣҶĳԱ֤͸һشκδͿīŵѡˡҶЦЦ
ŶҶѣ¿ȼγλѣԹ۵İɣīЩɻʵ
ǺǣīѷģҶĳа취ǲ£īֻרĶԸ˵κͺãܲܳնɱͿīѵıˡҶЦ
ʲôҶѵ˼ǣȽκˣȻٳͬʱϳˣī־ϲ˵ȴһ˿ɻ
īѳһ£ܷסҶĳȫһҶƺī˼Ȼ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣīһֵҶѶˣ᲻ҶѵģǺãʱҶѺúϢīĳҶѳ֣ȻǱ׼ɽڣ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷīţǼ鿴öֻǣƺûʲôջ

һºǬ
ڣȼʦκħ˶УһˣһŻ۵ĸ꣬Ǭγ
γʩĸ˵ģѾ㣬Լú룬ǧҪһʱ⣬޴ѹȥͿ̿ȼʦһ֮ɫ˵˵
ԣ۸˫ĿһУ¶˼֮ɫ
˵ǰκħĻȼʦ˵ˣĳ֮ģĳֱϽɽڡ
ϾڻɽҰģңҰٴ󣬲ӤʵͬʱԸɣγ˫Ŀһе˵
ӷγʩĪҪСǰ׷ħͷʵΪ㲻ţһ취
һͬǰɽڣ룬ī׷ħͷγѿǰ׷ħеʵ
ҵǲ˺Ķսεʤˣ˱ɸǣٲɽڡ
εѰˣҶڣҲʲôΣգǻ󣬿ҪԲˡȼʦ˵
ĳǲħͷʵƴĳҲȻܾˣѵĳشħͷܰȻ
ǾͲǼ򵥻ӤڵʵˣǣҲȷʵҪ취ԸɽڣȻּʣĳоСγһЦ˵
ãȻγʩģǽվս飬Լºɽкдһȼʦ˵꣬κħһ¶յɫ

ºٴδһըԵϢǬγҪսɽڰ׷ħʥ
Ϊƽսص㲻κ֮ڣ˽ɽڸѡһص㣬Ͼд裬ҲûҪ̫¡ʽ
ûлָƽݣٴηÿһεȵ㣬Ⱥ벻׷ħʥҶɣǳΪݶһ޶Ĵ

ϲɽڣ
´֮ڣīһƽҶɣ
·ŶʮӰд󲿷ҶɶǱȽϤ˵Ǻ졣
īɨˣڵټλǰشҲʲôԭǾպд裬һҪλⳡдпܽһս
ԣ˷׷ɫһ䣬ʵ벻ɽкʵܹһս
ţ֣ɽڽ˲߽⣬˷˼УľӴ˼Ŀ˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ī΢΢һЦãῴҶɵʵҶɵսܣԼ侮ʯһҶɣΧ
뵽īŰ˰֣ڵҵҪҶŵʵϷѾ壬ϸڣԺϷᵥľӳһ


400 սǰ֮
ɽһƬɽ
Իɽɽ״һֻԵͻռݷԲʮ˵رһƬɽ꼸Ӱ
գȴǾۼʿԻɽܣĴֽ֮ϣһЩ֮ˣԻɽΧңң˵ĲСȴ˸Խ׳һ
˵ս
˵׷ħʥ˹κħ˵ǬҲġ
ֻǴſһССʿܻӤϹֵĴţ
ߣǣ׷ħͷܷ˵
ҵ׷ħͷν޷粻ˣһǿɣҲ²⡣
ֻǿ˱棬սʤܣݣ¶ҪһȷѪ꣬ʱһˣ
Ⱥ׷һд˷ܣ֮ɫĿԻɽӰ˵̫壬ҲɷֱǷΪӡ
һɽڵīţҶɲգī΢Цȴһ˿֮ɫҶһȻӡ
治ԶǿȼʦκħԼǬγ
ɫ죬γ̬·ڴ˷սһ㣬˫Ŀ֮ȴǲһƾâҶɣ¶һ˿֮⡣
ȼʦĿ飬һ΢ЦĿˣֻκħһ˿ȴǹŵЦ⡣
κ˫Ŀ΢еĿγҶɶˣһȼʦã˷ֻҪܾˣɽڽձȻ
˵γܣ֮£ɽҲ㣬ʱ򶯲֣Ҳɲú֪γˣκҪնɱҶɲܽͷ֮ޡ
ӷλʩ˷սǧҪ˺㵽ΪֹɣκԼīλʩ˷սĹ֤ˡȼʦ˫ֺʮһš
ԣ˽ʵ˵ͷīȴЩɻĿһҶɣ֪ʲôԲߡ
ҶѣഫɽնͨȻԽսգĳһ˷Ҷ飡γ΢΢һЦǫѷ˵һ䡣
Ҷɿ˿γЦĵ˵ͷڵεѵʵλǰģ˶սδܹε˵̫ǫˡ
ҶѣΪһû뵽̧ĳҲҵģΣĳֵġγҶɲûκξݿ֮⣬˵˵һ䡣
ҶѣΪɽڸţϣҲҪ飬ҪҵȺīſһҶɣͷ˵
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γκħһۣ漴˲Իɽмشת˿Ҷɡ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУЦεѻļλѶݵĶҶĳԭǱʿ
ԣҶĳһ󵨵뷨һͬսλţǿһ֣Σ
ʲô㣿κħһԺ˲両ֳҶǿֲĹһƲδȬڳһ»˾硣
뵽κħ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫĿҶɣ鲻ԽĺһҶͻȻֵӡ
ȼʦͫһϵЦ΢΢һ漴ǻָīҲЩ֮ɫû뵽Ҷɵİ취ȻͬʱԸӤϹ֡
ǻԼҲֻķݣҶɾǿԴ󣬻˴ı£ⲻڴ
ߣҶѣǰ佱Ϊǫѷ޿֮⣬Ȼ˵˴󻰣ǲ̫˽⻯Ӥڵʵγһŭ˵оҶЩƲԼ˼
ǺǣγѣҶĳһˣ˵ĻоҶĳݰ׷ħͷ
Ҷĳ޴˺üˣγĪҪ嶯˵ܹսʤҶĳҲʧ棬սܣҲһܡҶһ˵ȥأһȻӡ
⣡γЩԥҶţԼսܣǿǶӡ
κĳͬ⣬ߣտεµս飬ǺθɣκȻһ˵
ԣγ˫ĿһУ俴˿üͷ΢Ŀȼʦƺʲô΢΢˵ͷ¶˼֮ɫ
ӷ˵乫նսκʩʵԹߣȨ֮£ң簴Ҷʩ˼Щ۸ˡȼʦ˵һ䡣
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ʲôһ
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սˣ
СôŰã
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κϹ˵ԼС֮ˣ˵ǰ򵥣ħͷжֲʵߣЩκħĵγĿһκħ
ҶʩҪˣٸһλᣬڷڻüȼʦһֱȻɫҲʧȥЦݣɫ֣صĿҶɡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵȼʦκħҶĳãҲڳԣսλֻǷеӭս
κĳͬ⣡ȼʦ̫κħһ˵
Ŷκħ˺սҶĳĵûУ˵Ļһ֮ģγѶվҶҽһֱǵС֮Ҷߵ
㣬Сӣ̫ˣκħɫһ࣬Щ
ŶҶĳ˿ҺΣҪȻҶĳȵսһ˵껰ҶɵɫһǰһһսⰻȻӡ
״κħɫһ䣬æƮɳһξ룬һеؿſȼʦԭ֮ʵû뵽ĽκʶǿֲĹܲоģγûʲôųб仯


401 ֮Լ
κħ㻹𣿡Ҷһ˵
ס֣ҶʩγʩսôħԲģ¶ˣȼʦЩ΢ŭ˵
ԣҶЦЦЩмĿ˿ȼʦһۣڵȻȼʦ˵ʦҶĳվһ
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ӷҶʩȻҪսˣҪ׼γʩκʩˣΪǻ·𣿡ȼʦһţɫһ˵
κ˫Ŀһ΢΢˵ͷ˶սܺùħͷսԼһҪǿ˺κǵս䣬ֻˣΨش侳磬ʱڼӤϹߣǿɾΣˡ
ĳͬ˶սʱγһ˵һ䡣
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ãȻˣ˺սҶʩкδܹͨ˵ֻҪģҵδʧܣ䣬Ǹǲ֮¡ȼʦ˵꣬һɵԻɽγԣκħǽ
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ӷҶʩĿԶԣ˽վԲնɱ㣬ԣǽղҪﵽ˵ĵز㵽ΪֹãǶˡ
ڼˣҵҲ֡͸ΪΣȼʦüһ˵һ䡣
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Ҷѣɽλд裬Ϊ˺ҲԷֳˡʱīȻվ˵һ䡣
ãȻī˵ˣҶĳͰĽ飬ֻΣˣλҪСˣҶ˵껰ƺʩչʲô
֮תƺޱ˳ֱ۹עȥֻԪӤǹϼƴת
ʱҶзһͣвһѵɫӰ۶漴һ۶ȥ̼䣬γһС޽ҶεץС
ҶɾȻʩչǧն˽ӰҲֻĳѣ˵˽Ǹܵͨܲȴûо̫в
ʱնϣ˷ȻֱӶ˾ųɶ֮ն˳ֱһ̽ˢһû޽֮ڣһɹ֮ɢ
ԣɲǰĲϴβһʩչķʽҲϴβͬκħɫĿ޽նֻԼԼһѡ
ǺǣȻһΪҶĳϴζԸ㣬նֻѣҽɽڣӦ֪ҶĳĿģΪѰͻƵĲİ취
гɣպֵģҶĳԼĲ㾿жôֲߣ˵꣬Ҷɺɵǰһ˦ವһ޽һն
µʱҶҹ׼ְ취նںǧն֮У˵̫ñ˿նʵ
죬ֲ÷֣Ĳն϶ӿֲʱκħ¶ɫĺǸԷųһƻǰţʩչͨ
һΪ֮һһ˺ɫǹһֻɫ֣һֻӰͷ۶ɡ
ѹ״ͨ漴Ϊϼնȥܿ𣬷ɳʯԻɽһЩͽʿһͣЩ
׵ҶһΪԳѹâһ۵һΪһֻͷ׽ǵľ޴ħŸоѹ᲻١
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ײ޽֮ϣһĿϼѶȻ˳Ҷһȥ
˼״΢΢һЦһɫ䣬׵ǺɫǹصһѶţǻɫıѿ
ǽɫֽâҲǺȻһѿΪ⣬ֻǿ޽ȱѣûԼǱġ
ԻɽҵĲһɫ쭷ܿȥһЩʿѪεɶһѺۡ
Իɽչϼӿ˿̣īһ˵Զ±ܲʵڲնȻʵҶɽ׻Ӥǳ˻Ӥ޵еĴڣ
Ҳ֪˶ãɢĹϼ֮ڣֻīԼ俴һСĵɫ֣Щҡҡλεǿ֧ţϲһѺۡ
صһɫֲظѶ¶ǰһöⰵķɫ԰׵Ӱһڣ֮ɫ
ۣκħһĵһžѪݹһɢЩ׹棬һϢήң羹ȻԲӡ
īȣ죬γȼʦȺſžѪһƼصӡ
ǰĶѲɣܵشȼγ˵ûе侳磬һϢ鸡ȻҲϢȣ侳ӡ
״Ҷ˫Ŀһһֻ޶ɱԼ˷˵ֻ˾ųʵ˾Ȼֻش綼ûе䣬Ȼǰ˲ٻı


402 
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ǾǣһоͰ˴ĿѪ
ιʶ̫Է֣ϷһܣκħѾ˾硣
ʲô˵֮ȫһ;
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Իɽ⣬ֵȺ𾪲ѣϴŨŨ˷֮⣬·Լ˶һ㣬׷
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ʱҶЦЦзһ䣬۵һƾ޽ɢıҶڡ
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Ҷѷǳ֮ССݵҶѵģٺ٣ģʮ֮УԲɽڷֺγһЦ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴·һߺȵɽڵľӴϴӣնɱ˴ħһ
ãȻˣǬҲҶһ֮еɽնɱħñԴһŹɽС
Ǭв˽УʱǬγߺȵķɱڣʼɧ
ħˣ侮ʯΧɱ㸽һЩɢޣҲǲ뵽˴ս֮У״Ҷ˿¼ѳɶ֣ڴɽеҡ


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Ҳ˵һţǾǰ׷ħʥûмɽڣɽʲôԼɽʮ֮ãܹʲôôͳΪΪ֮ˡ

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ʱԶݹ⣬֮£ǳλڣϸīҶɶˡ
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߰ɣҶţī˵껰ǴҶɣɽȥֻīлӶһö򿪽ƺ󣬶˵Ӱǽɽ֮ڡ

һɢĿռڣ沢Űڷʮںʯףȥ쳣ռ䡣
ռСŷԲɵӣǽڽǺǶﶥһЩҹ飬ռҲ쳣
ʯ࣬żʯŷյʯңȥǱչش֮ſɢƲ
Ҳʯ֮ϣһʯȥһʯţܼ˿϶Ҳֻ֪һװΣ˽ĥƽʯŵĺۼ
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Ǻǣīţ벻˵ܣȻ׼˿ռ䴫󣡡Ҷ˴˵˵һ䡣
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ҶɫһЩ˵ɽھȻִ󣿡
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ҵڶһڵ˴ݱضǣûд󣬿ݱԵȥͻᱻһЩͽɱġīش
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ¶˼֮ɫ
ˣҶѣʯţҵķ֮ȹоһ£ҶǷܹԸɣī˵껰ǴҶɣŹʯȥ


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һٷĹҶɲ˫Ŀһ΢΢̾Ϣһ
Σīһ
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ǺǣҶѣܹƽƣʹʯˣȵգīÿɷĻشһ䡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷӦһֹŽƲַƺƣַЩȱǶԽ˽ⲻǲýƲϲȫ
ŶҶѿԿǺֽƣҵǱо꣬ҲǺֽƵġĪЩ˵
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Ҷĳϵƽ֮ڴ˽ƲȫƽȴҪ˷һЩʱ䡣Ҷüͷһ˵
ԣīһ㶣漴һЦڵҶѣȻƽҵ֮ˣ˷һʱ䵹ûʲôҶѣ֪Ŷܹƽ󣿡
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Ҷɼ״΢΢һЦֳ̧Сһ㣬۵һûʯŸռ֮С
ţҶ˫Ŀһգһо޽һ߻ƣʱһĹȥʯ֮ϣʱһ˿Ļɫϼ

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Ȳãϴһˣ˵ȷûʲô쳣ҵȻҪѵһ˵
ٵȵȿ쳣ҿԳҵ֪ͨҲٵġ˵꣬¶˼֮ɫĿڴ

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ףϢī״¶һ˼֮ɫҶ˫ĿһУǵʯš


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̫ͼȥַ̻ƺ̻ȥһ㣬ʯҲ֪ǺβʣҶɷ伫Ӳ
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˵ţÿʱ䶼Ҫȥɽڽ͹ƷӤҲȷɽڴġ
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Ҷѳ֮ʣϷԻҶһĽī΢΢һЦ˵꣬˿˼䣬īȥ˵ҲҪչһ
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һЩչȫǾ߿ܣ˷Ҳǿ߽۷壬൱ԲʵΪûӤʱ޷ﵽ׵ʵ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһವһһâصһΪһ̫䵽˵档
ҶɳԹԼǲûʲô쳣֪ӤԪϴ᲻ʲôӦ
ˢһһɫӰһ۷һ֮£̫֮ϣ


407 뾪
۷̫֮ϣ漴˫ĿһУ¶ϲ֮ɫ
壬ؼ֮ϴԴٶȣǼ۷΢΢һЦҶ˵
ŶΪûʲôоģϾҲ۳ԪġҶɻ
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ȴ֪οãֻܵһָԪޱˣԱǰʿûκôġ
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һ˦ৣһɫ󶦳ְգ۵һµȼһ棬һϣϼһķ֮ڡ

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һɫӰԽ𵤸һɶһ󣬱ɽȥˣҶɡ
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˷չأҶɽ˸߽۷壬ҲﵽԲʵΪϲȫҶ׼ȥľӴϣչˡ
ȻҶһ٣·һۣ¶һ֮ɫնڴ˵ػã˷Դɽڣû˼Ƭ̣Ҷһȥһۡ

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ˣҶţ߼֮ڣ治ЩɽļأɽһЩʷģȥ￴ġѵ
ҶЦЦڵȥˣҲûʲôջ񣬽ҲŹ
˵껰ҶɽһöĲ鿴鿴˼ֹҶЩȻζӡ
״ЩΣھûп˵Щʲô
ԼôһٷĹҶת˼Ȧûʲô֮󣬱Ӵһк뿪¥
¥۽ǣ޾ɵĿҶһۡ
ߵı֣ҶϰΪǰԼ˵صʱͷһӣҲЩӡ
״ҶɲЩЦ治֪νģֱǻԵӡ
˵أϴҵնɻعɽһЩأҶɨһۣһ䡣
ţҶĳ˵ľȥϴλնĵطһ֮ȴǲûʲôջ񣬲Щʧת뿪ľܡ
˯ʵĿһҶɣҶţظնعҴ˵ط
˵껰ҶɺȻ˫ĿһУоһɼѲּĲƺԼתһȦ
Ҷɲ鿴ֻߺȻ˯ȫޣоһ˫ĿһеĵԪޣӤٺ٣ڳˣԣҶһ˫ĿһĶߣ


408 Ѫħؽ
㾿ʲôˣҶɿ˿ߣ¶֮ɫܹһۿԼԪ޻ӤģݵļӤϹҲ
ٺ٣ҶŲСģ˴̸㣬֪ɷȥҶŵסоһ˵˵
ЩСӣҶ˼Ƭ̣΢΢˵ͷ
Ҹ㰲ţҶ˵껰¥ȥȴʱ̷Ŵߡ
һ¥ҶֱӿڵЩһ£ظ¥鷳λʱһ
ǣҶšЩɻĿ˿ߣ漴Ҷɹ˵
΢΢˵ͷҶɶݹһ𣬱ǴȥƬ̺󣬱ʧӰ١

壬
ڣҶ߶ľ֮ϣǰһ֮ɫдһ˿˷ܡ
㲻ڵΪ֪Ԫ֮£Ҷɿ˿ߣüͷһ˵
ҶţЩǰɽǶܹ֮ͣԪޣΪϷҲǣʱ˵Ҷٴ𾪵Ļ
ʲôҲԪޣΪҶĳ޷Ԫ޵ģҶüͷһ˵ͬʱ²
ȻҶֻʿһ֮ȴǲ߶֮ԪרõġԪǰ㶼޷ʹã˵һЩ̽Էˣ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷתʵ˵ɽǶֻ֮Ǻ⣿
ߣɽǸ֮ˣҹż桮ݡ¡Ѫħؽҹż֮޷뿪ɽڰ벽ҧгݵ˵
ҶüһɻŶŵϸһ
ãϷͽ֮¸㽲˷㣬ҲҹżһĻԵ͏߸Ҷɽ
˵Ҳ֪ǰʱɽ滹ûʧ٣ǽһץɽڣһֶ񶾵ĽơѪħ䡣
˽ħѪʩչһ֮˱½ƣǲԼħ佫ѪഫֵǣֻҪ˺ˣʹࡣ
򽫻ʹͣѪħ佫ᴫһȻ֮ʧֻǻʹˣҲֻܾѰ˫ް·ܺ
ǹݵԼǰɽķԸɽڵȴԵ֮˵ĳ֣ҲԪ֮ˣﵽӤ
ԼҪ̣ҲҪ󣬵һɽ֮ˣԵ֮ڣڶǵȴԵԼȥѯʣż֮˲ȥѰҶԷԼʾż֮˴ЩСֽš
һԵ˱ضɽڲӣҲȥɽѡֹɽڱ٣ԪǰʿɽǿնͨҲ֪ܣɽνǼıԶ
ɽڲ֮ԪһﵽӤѯʹż֮ˣǴﵽԵ˵Ҫ󣬹żֻ֮ҪɽнԵˣҲԼѪħ佫ԶȻؽȴҪԪ޻Ӥſɽ
СյĹ򣬹߲ŽĴŽһ飬Ҷ𾪲ѣҲΪβԼ
չŵ˵ģѵݱɽڣҲ֪飿ҶЩɻʵ
ȻɽΪ˷ֹ˵õܣȻὫ⴫Ҳ֪¡
Ļһɽڱ٣ɽڣұ򿪣Ԫ֮˾֪ᱻȥ
ҪõɽڣϷأſ֤ɽڵԵ֮ˣ򼴱ֶͨ죬ǿдҵõҲʹáЦ˵ͬʱҲоɽĿ֮
ʲô㾹Ȼ֪ɽڣңҶЩ˵ֻŲſ֪û뵽Ҳ˽⡣
ԣЩĿ˿ҶɣĵѵҶţѾȥǼңٺ٣ûϵԿף޹ɣ
Ҷɿ˿ߣ¶һ˿ı飬Цŵѣ㻹˵˵ɽаɣҶɵЩġ
ҲãϿ£Ѫħ仯⣬ڽϷĽƽ⿪Ҳ֮ˣٺ٣˵껰ߵһһֻһöС
ЩɽģǽԵ˵ĶöǼƽϽƵķ
ϣҶƽϵĽƣҲŷĽⴢģҲǵɽĽ֮һģЩƷǸҲ鿴ΥԼħʹ֮΢Ц˵漴ҶɣС
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿ߣԪ޵ģҲ֮壿
ǺǣϷûǸ£ҹżҷҪԪ޵Ϊ֮˵ҷⱬȴɴ߶һ
ԼԷԪ޵ΪǷﵽӤȻҲɽǸ˴ģڣҹż浽жٴϷǲֻ̫Щഫˡ߸п˵
ŶżҺ˾Ͳ⣿޷֮ˣҶɻ˵
ͱɽǶźˣҹżұԴȫɽԴҲʲôҡ
ΪǹżҺҲȥɽڣں޷ɵģߣΪѪħĹϵֻܵഫõĶҵֱնɱ
ֱгߣŻΪֹһɽһһĺˣǺ׵ģڶ𡣡˵꣬¶Թ֮ɫʵǺ͸ɽ档
ҶɸиоɽĿ£ԼѪħϽ˫رյԼһЩԼ޹صɻҶɵҲûжʡ
ɻԪ˽һЩʲôҶʵ
Ҷţҹżֻ̽ԪΪһһŲ֪˽࣬в鿴ɽС˵˵
ҲãҾȿƽ⣬ȽĽƽ˵Ҷ˿еĴ̾ɽĻ֮


409 ɽĿ
Ҷɿ˿ߣ΢΢˵ͷ֮󣬱ǲ鿴
ипѣӹ浽Լһ಻֪ǶٸˣԼҲɱԼĹ⣬ֻΪ޷
ԼĽƣֻܷܿˣŻϵʹ࣬ˣҲ޾ɣ᲻㾫Ͻ֮ʹ
ԼĺԼһ䣬ʹήٵԼĺϣҲֵ˺˿ʼһʹࡣ
Ϊ˱ܣԼ׹ȻҲɽڣȴ֪ƽʱͬһ㣬˸֪߻һ֮С
˷⿪ƣѴãϴԼĺ뿪˵أѰԼ;·䣬Ҳجεɽڡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ˫Ŀһһ֮ϡ
Ѫħؽƽ֮ҶɲҲѣֻƽϵĽƻһЩֽţҪ֮Ƴ
ŵѣƽ֮ҶĳѾϣ֪˺кδ㣿ɻкɽڣҶһ䡣
ٺ٣ͲҶŲˣϷ䣬Ǻ˻ὫȥԷģǿ԰ȫ뿪ɽĳ޳ԹϷź˰Ȼ뿪ɽڣɽڵ顣¶ϲɫĿҶɡ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷƻɽڣҲû£ɽڶĸЩ˵ˣңҶҲЩ飬ֻںɽ
ãŵѣҶĳھ͸ƽƣʲô£һ˵Ҷ˵꣬һԪްƽ֮ת֮
¶֮ɫȴҶɡ
ˢһҶ˫һһɫ˿ڰһԲͼ߶ͷӽ
۵һ
ɫû߶ͷ֮ڣһ漴˫Ŀһоĳֶʧ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ҷţ϶лĴ¡鼤ĵ֣صʩһ
ŵѲؿǰչذ£·Ҳһߣ￪ɽڣΪ֮ɡҶɵ˵
ҶţϷɽϷڻɡ㡭ʱߺȻŤֱ۲ָҶɣһĶ֮ɫƺʹֵӡ
״Ҷһ㶣漴ЩԼǰϽ֮ģԲа©ô
˿̣ȫſŭʲôȴһҲ޷ӰðȥһҲ޷˿һ˫۾Թ޶񶾵Ŀ⣬Ҷɣû뵽Ҷ˲֮ˡ
صһ
ߵ壬ںȻһѶΪâʧͬûڴ˵سֹһ㡣
ͻһĻҶɲüͷһ壬Щæµɽȡ漴һص˼˽˵ȥ

ͬһʱ䣬ɽڵظ¥
ˣôˣ
˰ϳˣ
ʱ¥ڣѡȻֹ³ϵӣȫ͸һ޷ãգصһѶΪޡ
ŵɫһףæ¥¿񱼶ȥ˵ոսʵû

Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ȴɽĴϵĽƣֻԻӤԪƽ⣬Ҳ͸Ҷƽķ
һṦžž죬ϵĽƱһ
Ҷʶһɨɵ΢΢һ㶣ֻһöھͿտյ佫ȡʶһ֮̽ڡ
ţҶüͷһ壬¶֮ɫϼصݣʵʵڳҶɵԤϡ
λεĴ֣ҶԺ֮Сɽ
󱲣㿪ö֮ʱż֮Ӧǰˡ
ᣬɽڣ֮ܿöӦɽ֮ˣǹżƽħѪ䣬ɱ죬Ҳûл鿴ö֮˵ˡ
뵣ģżħһƽ⣬Ѫ֮ˣͬʱ䣬֪ûйżҴڿھȥǿƽ⣬ԱݣԣӦɽԵ֮ˡ
˶μأҶ˫ĿһЩ𾪵Ŀöɽƣֱ˿£·ۿδҪһ㡣
ƽһ飬Ҷ˫ĿһУ鿴ݣʱһĹȥҶʱüʱ¶ɻż¶˷֮ɫ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɲųĳ˿˫֣ڶȲ˫ĿԶ¶˼֮ɫ
ɽƣöȷ䵽ɽڲ֮˵֮£ȻԼĸõˣԼɽڵˡ
棬ɽɽڣƽ֮ԭչŽöǻӤϹҲԺֺȴԼݶ˵ĹŽ֮ƽˣⲻҶЩԭһʱɴ򿪵ĽƣԼȴ˷ʱ䡣
⽻кȡ̫̣ԪרõġԪƽʱΪ֮ҶЩﵱɼߡ
ݼأɽԪһҲر˽⣬ҲżȻһεõԪ޹ö棬Ԫһ²ûйļء
䵣ɽڰ䣬Ԫ޵ϵ֣֮ն֮ԻˣɣȻڹżеõԼ˽Ԫһܡ
һɽڻűɱѻ꣬õɽԴ̫Ҳ˵õҲ޷òٿ֮ɽνıԶǣЩ¡
ȻЩҶĵģ˷ջС˽Ԫ֮ٿر֮̽ԪΪǻһͨԪ޵ķɶ֮ռٶȼֱЩ£뵽Ҷһ¶һЦݡ


410 
ҶΪɽݸߣ˽ӴĶǸ߼Щ˵ͽ׵ӽͨ󣬴λԵ
ǵߵ˳ƿңõɽս⣬ڹż֮˵ҶҲǺںϾֻɽİţԼûʲôϵ
һգɽڸ߲֮䣬һ֣ܳ˵ҶŴߵظһλ½ɱһҲҶ뿪ظ󲻾ù䣬˲²ҶҲѲ˸ϵ
³ϣΪ֮䣬ɲһС¡
£Ϊ˰ˣľӴȥʾīţʱδīֻ˼Ƭ̣Ǹľһ
īŷԸɽڵͽҪȡɽڵ伮ӳţλ֮£ǾҶų֣Ż
ˣɽڻΪҶɰ䷢ŵټɽʷ֮ϣ˵ЩжٻЩɻ󣬵ղ֮

壬
ڣīҶɶУһƷ裬һʲô
Ҷѣ˵Ϸ㲻ȺɽڣϣܸϷһī˿Ҷɣɫ֣ص˵
Ǻǣīţ˶ҶĳԲѷҶĳնɱ֪īѿ⣿Ҷɵ˵һ䡣
ԣī΢΢һ㶣漴ЦЦڵǺǣ֮ˣȷˣҶѣԼʮʱ䣬Ҳֻʣ˼¡
Ǭƺ֪Ҷֻɽʮ꣬ЩҶܷһʱ䣿
ŶԼľʮʱ䣬ڼīſǵõĪĺôҶĳȴֻǵõһôʯ壬ԼɽչһЩϣңڻûռȫ˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ
⣬Ҷѣ˷ףīĳ֪Ҷûʲôջ񣬵Ҷڴһʱ䣬Ϸ򽫻ɽһȫѰҶѵĲϣΣīɫص˵
˼Ƭ̣ҶЩΪѵĵīѣ˵ĻҶĳڴһ꣬ɽڰЧΣҶĳ⣬˵Զġ
ãҶѣһΪģһҲģľӳ⼸ջҶѹĿī˵껰ȡһöҶɡ
ӹҶҲûв鿴ʲôֱ漴īһᣬī뿪
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ǽнƿţһʧ˴֮ڡ
ĳڣҶɵӰһΪոյõԪ޵ͨҶ׼չһʱ䣬ԲŴӦīҪ󣬶ΪһīҲֻӴչϵȰˡ
ʼо˷īĽףԼЩԿƺԼռ˸ˣõŶ֪ԪͨԼ
ˢһ
ϼһһɫӰҶһ伸֮ߵһǣһ䣬һ̻̫ͼʯ嶪˵ϡ
̫̣
Ҷɿ˿۷ȡһö˶ԷڵԪר֮һ°ɣϲмвٿر֮
̫һ汸Ԫϣ磬ˣһԪ޵ԪϵЧӦò
ģͿʼ򡣡Ԫ޷Ӧһӹϥ̫֮ϣ鿴ϵļء
״Ҷ˼Ƭ̣뿪˴˼侲ңһ֮ڣַųһɫ󶦣һ˦֮£һڵһ
˵һкâһһ֮ɫĽְգǳ丽һЩ֮Ʒ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷɵһ㣬۵һػ̨ӿһ棬ɫһƮ䵽˵ػ֮ϣҶǿŵĲϣһķ˴֮С

ʮɽڽ𵤸
ڣһͷһźߣһʲô
Ҷţˣٺ١߿˿꣬˵˵һ䣬ǽ𵤸ϣƹŽ𵤸С
İ꣬Ҷɣ
ǺǣϣϴҶĳǰֳϲɽڵġҶЦЦ˵
˷չضʮ꣬Ҷɲ¼һ˼ܲСĴ
ǼϣøӼʵĳǱҶĲ󷨽ơ
񣬿һӤϹҪҲһ򵥵飬ɽҲչ౦Լ֮
Ԫ޷˷ûгأҶҲûдʲôɽжôҲҪȵԪ޷˵Լûʲô飬𵤸󣬿Լʲô顣
ҶţϷҲǸջѣ˷ȥչһЩҩԺ˵ȿ˵꣬ȡһöҶɡ
ʱҶɻĽӹ鿴һЦĿҶɡ
Ƭ̺üͷһ壬ڵҩϣǣ
ҶţͻƻӤƿĵҩҩ˵绯Ӥ֮УҲˣ˵ҩ׻Ӥ֮ġ
Դصɽ֮ʱϷǿʼĴռǷȱĲϣȫϷʣȵҩӦǽˡ
ҶŲʮʵ䣬ʣӦЩϣ׻ӤģϷ֪ݲͬȥҲҽ𵤸һְˡ
ϷϣҶܹڵҩһٽһԽϷҲԲϷӵһԸɡ˵꣬Щп
ԭʹúҶɵҶΪ׷ħͷΣ϶ϡŹǰȥȣʵ᲻Ҷ䡣
ܹͻƻӤƿļʣҶ˫ĿһЩ˷ܵ˵
ٺ٣Ҫõ˵ĵҶžҪһԽϷΣЩڴĿҶɡ


411 Ԫ
ųЩڴҶһϲ漴ЩһֻΪ򵤵ȫѦ񣬺Լࡣ
һԼݲͬԼӰΪķ˴ѪѰϣΪԼܹ
˵ϵĿģֻΪԲԼһΣҶȴûа㻵ҶҲһֱмϵðŹȡ
ϣģҶĳһڵ֮ϳԽ㣬ǵҶĳҲ˵ҵɽڳѧϰ֮Ҷһ֣ص˵
ԣ¶Ц⣬ͷãԪƷҩһֱƷĵӦöУڱ㿪ʼ
˵껰ϱȲҶһ䵤ſڣһ֮£ʯһ˵ӰС
صһʯصĹ֮ҲǱ򿪣Ҳ޷ȥ

ʮ䣬˷츲صı仯ǬʼЩȴҶɵȥ
Ҷɲûߣƺɽڴ㳤ʱɽڴẉ̂ѹȹ̣ڸ֮УɽҲǾ԰ļ
ͬʱݣҲǷ˲Сı仯Сݣг֮⣬ݲüɽڽ͹ƷɽڳԴԴϵṩʡ
ҩȱҩȣҲԴḻƹҲǳɹƳ˽ԪΪһ𵤸߽׵ʿȹݵ
ɽΪӴµڶֻ࣬ܶΪհҶŵҲɽڵӵӰΪҶѰһЩϡ
Ҷɽ𵤸Ҳȥʮ֮ã
Ҷڽ𵤸չʮ֮ãҲ֪ʱܹأһЩϣеļչˡ
ʣµһЩϧ֮¾Ҫһˣ˵Ҳ֣ȴǿˡľɽ֮ڣ˫Ŀһе˵

һգ𵤸ĳ䵤֮ڡ
صһ졣
Ҷ϶ˣɫŵĿһɫ󶦣ðһɳζỤ̃˽¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫ
ϣҶĳʵڹ˳ϵ˲ֻȴȫʧˣ˵꣬Ҷҡͷ̾Ϣһ
üͷһ壬漴ЦЦڵ޷ȻʧܣҲǸ㳤Щ飬ٺ٣ǳԽϷ򣬴ﵽҩʦľ硣
Ҷ΢΢һЦʮ֮УҶɼûôϢڳϵĶٽ̵֮£ڴﵽͻԪҩʦƿﵽҩʦ
ǺǣⶼϽ̵зĻҶĳﵽҩʦģϷģڵҶĳģԺлᣬһƳҶɫһ˵
ãϷҲûʲô̵ܹˣֻϣ￪ɽ֮лϷʲôõĵһҪϷٺ١¶֮ɫ˿Ҷɡ
ϣȥһҶɺȻһЦų˵
ãǶʹһ˵꣬˱뿪˽𵤸ֱȥ塣
Ʊյ죬һֱĵ˺ҹϲŴż뿪壬˵ĸҲǸ˼֡
ϸߣҶɲûϢֱĳ֮ڣһɫӰĿϥһɫʯ壬ɢһɫ˿ɫӰ֮ڡ
Ԫ޵ĹˣҶһ䡣
ԣ۷˫ĿһҶ΢΢һЦڵ壬̫̲ٿ֮Ԫ޾Ԫȼϡ
Ŷǲ֪ԪЧΣҶüͷһʵ
⣬ֻгɣɽڣϾҲϰģʱҪȥݵģ·ϸպÿһ¡۷˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷԭɽڴȥݣһ룬ֱӴ͵ɽɽ£ﶼǻӤϹƵĵطʵҪԶԶԽݱԵҶɴͷ
ԼʵǰȵдݱԵɽڽӽΪãʵǿһӽɽڣ·ҲǿԴӤġ
ҲãǾ·ϰһ˵껰Ҷһ۷̫̣һģʧҶɵ֮ڡ
˼Ƭ̣ҶӰһ뿪֮ڣ֮Уһ֮ϣĿ
ڶһ磬ɽ֮ڣ
īţҶɣľӴ˶Уƺʲô
Ҷѣ˷ȥ֪ʱٻݰī˿ҶɣƺЩ˵һ䡣
īѷģҶĳһЩ鴦ϣģʱһȥǬһˣһǲɽΪСҶɼȻõɽ׼չɽһ
úúãҶѣϷȻûп㣬Ȼһ֮ˣľӳϣЩռвϣϿ콻Ҷѡīϲɫһ˵
ԣľӵһһֻУ漴Ҷɡ
ҶţڶռģЩˡľ΢΢һЦ˵
ǺǣľӴˣīѣҶĳȥϴк͸ˣҶ˵껰վΡ
ī֪޷ǻ˼䣬Ҷ˽𵤸󣬼֮󣬼һᣬҶɱ뿪ɽڡ
ɽɽڣһɫݹ⼤֮£ʧʣɽݵİ׷ħʥſʼչسƿ
º󣬴˵ɫӰԽһƬԭȥ䷽Ǭ
˵Ӱˣʽ뿪ɽڵҶɣҲ֪˶ãһƬϿͣסӰ
ʱϼһһɫӰһģ֮£ҶɵĸԪ޷
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۷˵ͷ΢΢һЦ֮󣬵৵һ£һɫ⻡Ҵžž֮
˵һ
ռ䲨һһɹ֮ɢĿϼһ֮Ԫ޵Ӱͬ˲ưʧʲôҶ¶֮ɫЩŵ˵


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ҶɿѰ˼֮ãԪ۹ݣǳأټǰղŹԪ޻Ӥ
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ԣҶɵ˵ͷ漴Ц˵ˣͬ׻Ӥ֮Уڼ޵еĴˣ׻ܶ֡
Է˶޷սʩչԪܹ׷ϵģϾʿҲһ˶ս̫˵ġ
⵹ǣ·ɣûʮ·̣޷Ϲȥģ۷˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷһķųһֻɫۣһ˷֮ϣ۷ٶȸ죬ۿԶûȫʧװϱǳɫӰ

߸ºɫǬһǬգһصĿҶɣҲ֪˼ʲô
һɫ۳ݱϿգȼʦӰ˷֮ϣҲ֪Ҷ̸ʲô
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·ʮУҶɼһ·δͣڶҶɼ˷ʱ䣬ֻһ֮УҵĲϡ
˶ڼ䣬Ԫ޷ҲǽԪٿرԼ̽ԷԪ޾ȫա
Ҷɸǽǧնɣ轣һҲɹ֮ʱΣΪ϶ûʲôӤƿֱͻơ

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һɫӰԶģ֮£ǳ˳Ÿ׳һֻ
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޷лѵĺˣҶɿ˿һ˵
ϴδӺѣİ취ԼͨȻ׵ϳԼҲǺҶһ䡣
ǺǣãȻҪǣҵҲ˵ͨƣȥɣҶִǣھûж˵ʲô
ͨƣҶһǽ˼γ֮ڣ״ЩĳЦһҡͷѡ
չҶйԵջ䲢ûдסӣֱһ侲ſڣƺһ㡣
ѿڣҶɵ˵һ䣬վĳ侲֮⡣
Ƭ̺󣬾ҷһһŻ۵ſڣҶһ㶣漴ЦҶѣôˣ˵
Ǻǣǰڼγչ֮ʱѩ˷ҪõҩԹҶɽУ˰
صһ
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ҿ֪ʱ򣬸Ͽ뿪γǣѩǱĵطҲûУ˶ܼطʵڲȥչȻٽ㡣
ЩصӣҶ΢΢һЦڵ޷¾Ͳصˣγ֮Ҳһôɾģչѩ֮Ȼ뿪ġ
ðɣȻҶ˵ĳҲͲȰˣ̾Ϣһ˵˵һ䡣
ϲѣ۷ˣһϢӯƺʱﵽڵġҶɿ˿΢΢һЦ˵
ٺ٣лˣݾôԴҪȶǿ࣬еʵˣŪһЩҩͿԺ׵ĽסЦЦ
˴ҹ֮ãҶɲһ侲ңϢڶһ磬˱뿪˿ջ˴֮ϡ
Ҷѣ˵ǼǱɣҶ˳Žֵһţ˵һ䡣
Ǳ󣡡Ҷ˵꣬˿һߴĽ
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ʱҶֻǰһɫӰĳ׳˳صˤ˵ϡ
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СӣԭֻˣΣҿ㻹ôӣҶЩɻĿ֮ʱһߣ֪ʱĳ֣һݵĿҶɡ
㣿ԣҶɼæͷһˣΪ̫ԪߣҲǱƴʶ֮ЩԼɥ֮ˡ


413 ײݵϢ
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Ҷһ㶣漴üͷһ˵Ѿȥ˰֮ãѵλǰҪΪ
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ţҶ¶һζЦݣ֮һ˿ɫ漴תȥ
һΣΪĳ֣ϣͷϲ˺ˮһľ֮ɫһӤϹ֣˵ƴ򶷣˼ҿ֪Ū㣬֡
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ԣ˫Ŀһڵǰչѩұ˵طǳ֮ڣֻǱרų۸ݵѩ
Ī˵꣬ʮݵѩҲУٺ٣ֻǼ۸񲢲ˡ˵껰תĶҶɡ
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Сƿٵɫײݾ˵ҲҪʮ򣬶ѩȻҲҪʮʯ
ΪԽԽߣҪĵҩҲԽԽ߼۸ҲԽԽߵĿֲ֮ǰնɱ˻ˣõ˶ٶнʯңڼֱ˰ҩ
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ǺǣѾҶĳãҶνЦЦ
һصӣЩɻ뵽Ҷɲǳ嶯֮ˣ˵Щɣ˽ҶΰһӤϹ֣ҲֻҶɡ
ðɣȻҶİĳͲ˵ʲôˣǡɫص˵
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º󣬼γ⣬һƬԭϿգڼٷɶݵҶɺȻ˫ĿһУݹһͣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷɵǰ֪ʱĳһߣһЦĿҶɡ
СӣΪæ뿪γǣϷͲᷢ𣿺ٺ٣ҿˡ˵꣬һӤڿֲϢһŶ


414 նɱջ
׷ĵǺܿ죬ҶĳҲѵȵòͷˣҶɿ˿ߣ˵˵һ䡣
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ף֮֮һԲһڣٺ٣ѵΪǺ֮£ͿԵֿϷ򣿡һ㶣漴Щ֮ɫ˵
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Ҳ֪˶ãϼɢȥлָֻһɹɲĲǺߣﶼûļʹãԼЩúͿ
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һ˼ţҶɲϧķȫ߶ľǷ˹ȥ˵绯ӤϹȫɶݣ֮о޶֡

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Ҳ֪ٲʲôطҲʲô̡ҶЩεҡҡͷȥ
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нʯİٶ򣬻м߽ʯг˼ָֻĵҩȴǲûʲôҩ֮࣬鱦Ҳֻһ
ȻˣҲҶ˷ܲѣ䰵Բ²⣬κħĴû˷ҡ
ҶҲǷһʺƣʵʵڵǻӤϹֵңԼҩϵķãҶҲͲ̫ȱʯˡ
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Ҷɲԥæ·ʮյ·̣Ҷҹ·ֻ֮ãһģҩ̡
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ҶɸһţһƼæ˳ЦĹλǰҪʲôҩ
ɫײݣҶɵ˵
ײݣǰɫҲû̫СʵûֶЩʧ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һ㶣ѵûлܱԼٶȻģǻײҲûɲ۵ġ
ҵڣҶüͷһʵ
ڣȥͨһһתһ侲ڡ
һṦ򣬴ٴγ֣һεĿ˿Ҷɣڵǰ˵ײڰ·ϣͱˡ
ԷһҲСҩ̣˼ҵܱüǮʲô󡯣ҪҪȥǿɡ
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˵ͷ֮Ҷת뿪̣һ֮󣬱ǷһƵĿ⣬ڶԼԷһꡣ


415 ħײ
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״˫ĿһУ¶֮ɫȴû׷ȥ˼Ƭֳ̣һģһöӲӵķС

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飬սپҶɷԸһǲᡣ
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416 
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ǵǣһºǽٰһᣬǳصˣҲٵģϷ㽫ײݣϳۡ
ٺ٣ʱ˶࣬ſһüǮԣ˶ʱϷһֱûиκˣɫײݵġ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷüͷһ壬Ϲ뷨ȷϳۣȷüǮҲ俪⣬ܺԼ˵仰ǴӤϹ֣һʼͲҶɡ
ǰȻˣǻǲڼ۸棬Կһ۸ܷܡҶɫһ˵
۸۸񣬿ɲһʿԹģˣ߰ɣ빺򣬵ȵʱȥҲ١˵껰˰֣ǻصԼϱĿ
״ҶЩЦ֮⣬Լ˵»ӤϹ֣ҲԿʵɻӤϹȴῴԼʿ
ǰǲۣ֪ģңǰչɫײ֮ˣһӤǰĻȷʵûʵġҶ˵˵һ䡣
ܴ˫ĿһЩһ䡣
ȻλǰҲǰġҶɲÿɷ˵
˼Ƭ̣ڵɫײݣݵײݼϡ٣νǿ֮۵Ļʮʯҡ
ˣӦҲϷһȥᣬرҪĻӼ۸ɾԶԶĿˣ˽⣿
֪ǰ㻹ǳ۰ɣҶʼ硣
״΢΢һЦڵﵥ۸㣬ҲҪʮʯ
ʲôʮʯǰĪ˵ЦᣬҲֵܽһġҶһֵ˵
ԣ߰˰֣ڵСӣ˵ĵǲҲʮʯҡ
ȻϷ˽ԳۣȻҪļ۸񣬷Ļһ˳۱ڸߣϷ޲ˣ
ǰʮʯҲʮ򣬱ϾһַõģʮʯҲʣʮѡ
ѵǰΪײݣʮʯļ۸񣿡Ҷһ˵˵һ䡣
⣡ҶɵĻǽס΢˼Ƭ̣俪ڵǺãʮʯײݣڱ۸㡣
ʮǰĻҲʮѣѾ˼޵ļ۸񣬻ʡȥáҶɵ˵
߿˿Ҷɣ˫ĿһУɫһ˵ʮͬ⣬Եȵ
Ƭ̣ҶһҧͷãͰǰ˵ļ۸񣡡ԱϣҶɵһ˦׳һֻ
ߵһεĽӹʶһɨ֮£΢΢һЦһ˷֮ɫ
ٺ٣ãɫײݣҪպˣ˵껰ֱȡһֻľУҶɡ
ԣҶɴһһ״ֲֳͨ꣬ɫϴһ˿˿֮
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һҿջҶסڴͷ֮ϣ˫Ŀ¶˼֮ɫ
ԼٵĲϣѾҶռȫ͸׼ƳƷҩˡ
ԼӤûӤƷʵĵҩʹþƣʱ˵ﲻҪ󣬼пʧܡ
һҶɱڳѰһҩ̣һ䵤ƴ˵Ҷɿǲñ˴Ϊơ
ݵЩ꣬ľӴϽҪҩҲ׼൱ȫҶϻвٵ˷ҲԽƳ
ϾӤƿʱ򣬻Ҫֿħһصģ˵֪ЧΣȻ˵ܲܰװ˷ѵ
Ϣ֮ãҶɱ뿪˿ջڳſڸѰһҿȥȽͨҩ̣һ˽ȥ
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Ųãٺ٣˵ܷõҶʵûп̵֡
õǰԵȣҪ˵㣬ֻǴӵġ˵껰תܵ˺һ䷿ڡ
ҶĴܣСһֻһѣһЩҩһЩͨɫڻ˵ء
һṦһԷ߳Ǹ
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ǰ֪ʲô۸񣿡Ҷ˵꣬˿һۣһۣ˵ΪӤڣһϢЩ鸡Ǹոսûá
ļ۸ݴСܵͬɣ˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴˱Ŵͨȥ
ĹҶɳһɴСʯڣмһػ̨Ա߰ڷһ󶦡
еȼλĵȻǰ̫⣬ǷҪЩģһ䡣
Ƭ̣Ҷɿڵأɣǰ֪˵صķȡ
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Ҷɵ˵ͷһ䣬ȡһֻӡ
ʶһɨ漴¶Ц⣬ڵãǵԿףСйر֮޷ĳȥˣµĻлƽһá
ȡһöҶ֮󣬱תȥҶɿ˿ܣֳһӡ
صһʯصţܹϼһһɹɽƲʯҲǱð


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Ҷʾ˿ܣϾԼĵطڱ˵ĵƵҩҶɻǵһΣǾЩŤ
˼Ƭ̣һһ֧֧С켤һ֮ϼڼ
âһصһһߴĿܣʯſڣһڳǾ˿ܸ
ЩҶɲ˿漴һػ̨ϵȼһ棬ҶɲûõڵҩʹԼרõɫ󶦡
صһ
һһҩڿնವһ뵽˴֮ڣҶһ֮ϣһص

󣬹Ųã֮У
һ۵ĻӤϹ֣У俴˿۵꣬΢΢һ¶һЦ⡣
ˣǸǲõһɢޣţ꣬ȻǹŲõĵ
ѣһССĹŲãαأҵһж֪ǷҪμӣ˵꣬Ĵܡ
ߣѣ˵ȥ˭ĳɲͬۡɫһ˵˵һ䡣
ԣ߰˰֣ڵѣôһСĵѣαطϣϷڵ󡣡
ѣǳ˴ҽᣬѹĳ벻֯ʲôж¶Ц
ŶǧҪô˵ĳҲ֯ɱ޵жڴҽЩˣĳмͬ飬ҳұѵǴҽ᣿ߺٺһЦ˵
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ԣüһڵѣѵͲϷ鷳˵꣬˫ĿһеĿ˿
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˫ĿһУƺ˼Ƭ̣漴˵Ѹʱ䲻ѵͲǵǵˣ
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ѣƺ̫߿Լˣĳ˵ǲãȴʶ໯ӤڵѣʣʶӤ֮ˣЦЦ
ŶȻ룬ĳҲ˵ֹĳм룬ͣ˵껰ɫһ塣
ãȻˣĳǣ˵껰һ˦ת뿪˹Ųãսսضڻ֮󣬶ͷϲ˺ˮ

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ºҶֹͣӲϣŵػСɫ󶦻תͣһɵҩɢ
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418 
󣬹Ųĳ䵤ڣһɫһţصһ죬ðɫỤ̃һɹɴ̱ǽζɢ
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һһȵŮű̳ȹɢ㣬һŰɫɴ峺ޱȡ
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󣬹Ųĳ䵤ڣ
һɫ˵ػ֮ϣתţ·ԽԽСɫɫϼ
ԶһɫӰϥɫصĿɫ󶦣ˣҶɡ
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һӣһҩֲ꣬ǳɫһɶȥ·ػڵһһʢȼ
ɫ֮ϣתͣʱţҶɫصӣ˫Ŀɫ󶦡

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˿˿ˮ˫Ŀ΢Уһ֮ɫҲ֪Щʲô
Ƭ̺䵥ִһһˮ΢΢һų͵ĹϼţˮǸֳһĻʵĻ档
ʾһĵһɫӰϥٿһҩ󶦣ʲôҩ
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һЩϡеҩ˾Ȼ֮ߵ֮Ҳвٵҩϣ֪ƵģǺֵҩȻʹɫײݣ꿴˿ˮϵһĻ˵˵һ䡣
Ҳ֪˶ãֻɫһ漴ðỤ̃꣬΢΢ҡҡͷ
״˫ĿһУ¶˼֮ɫһʣûдģڰҽԺΣҾֻܰ⼯ϴˡ


419 
󣬹Ųĳ䵤ڣ
һɫ󶦻תڵػ̨֮ϣҶԶϥɫЩصӡ
Ҳ֪˶ã䵥һ㣬ɫ΢΢һصһһһŨҩɢ
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ǰﶯ֣Ͳڳƻأ鷳Ҷüͷһ˵
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״Ҷɼæƣ漴һն𣬵ֵһŻ֮μǰԺŲóȥ
뿪طһͻϵץסԼ֮ľû뻯ӤϹʵ
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ǰҶĳͣȶҪӺ²ŶַģҶɼæ˵һ䡣
ԣһ׵һЦڵ˵Ѹս׻ӤϢȣһܹնɱӤˣ֤ӦԤıǰ˲ٵ׼
ǵڶһͽʿ֣ǲϷ֣͹ԹԵغϷһˣʲô˵ߡ
˵꣬ɫһĿҶɡ


420 
Ҷɿ˿ԼΧɫ֮ɫԷӤϹ֣Լһ˶޷Ӧ
ӣҲûаᣬǱȥԼٿѱ磬ϾҲ˵ΪֱԼ֡
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״Ҷ֮£Ҳֻܸ˹ȥǽҶɣаߵĿܡ
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ڣżһӤϹ֣˽ʿǰڵҲûдкӡ
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ܹܣڳв֪ΪΣһӤڷͻҽնɱҵȸպѲ߷֣ҽ伩˻׷߿˿ߣЩ˵һ䡣
նɱӤʿԣɵɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
״Ҷɿڵܹܣ˴ĻҪӺǱһҺڵ꣬Ҳ֪к˶ͬ
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ҶһҪ˵ЩʲôȻſڴӰһһۣòЩƵӣ˴֮С
£þò꿴˿ߣ˵һ䣬ҲһӤڵʿ
ԣüͷһ壬ɻѣٺ٣˵أ²Ϸɣ
΢΢һЦͷ£ܱնɱô¡
ʲôɱĺˣԣɫ֣ȻЩɵӡ
ͬĸĵܵܡɫȻ˵
ԣҲɫһ漴˿Ҷɣƺڿһ㡣
˼Ƭ̣ɫһ˵ѷģϷԳ£һŹӣһ
ԣҶһЩ鷳û뵽Ȼݣ˿ӣƺҲûʲôᡣ
£¾Ͳˣ￪ڵ꣬к޹ʿѱҲ
նɱܣ˵ĳҲһٸԸҲпԭ˭Ҳ۾ģԣ½˱áȻ˵һ㶵Ļ
ʲôѴ˻棿üͷһ壬ЩɻĿ˿
Ǻǣĳԣˣ˵꣬΢Цؿ˿Ҷɡ
˶ԼҶЩɻ漴ڵǰʵڹŲõһһӡ
ҪͼƺڹŲõʿԲŸλǰϸ̲ĻһЩ˿ġ
⣬Ԫﵱʲô֣߿˿˵ʵ
ԣǿһҶɣ漴ڵ֮ǰȷдţ˵ȥŲõʿʧ٣һЩɢޣû׷£֮
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˫ĿһеĿ˿ȻЦЦڵѹȻǴ˴Ҳȷҡ
ãȻ˵ˣϷҲͲ׷¡˶٣߿˿ҶɣЦСӣˣ
ԣҶ˵Щɻ󣬵Ҳûжʲô˹˹֣ɫһĵлλǰлǰȻ壬ˡ
˵꣬Ҷɼæ뿪˴Ƿ֮أΪ
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±أ֮УҪ̳ӻģǺǣĳҹ͸ˡ˻˼䣬漴뿪˴
Ƭ̺󣬰׷߿˿׻ˣҵҲ߰ɡ


421 ԪӤ
ֵϣ
ҶɵӰ˽ֵתǴɫЩصĿ˿ܣ漴ǵĳŷȥ
°âһҶֱʩչ貽ڽֵϻΪһӰƬ̺󣬱ʧ˴ֵ֮ϡ
º󣬳ŴҶֱӽͨƣֻɨһۣǲᡣ
״Ҷݹһ𣬱ǻһƿնȥģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭա
ʱһƬϿգҶɵӰӹҴȫĵطƿȴһСӡ
պڼٷɶݵҶɣȻһƬϿգ¶֮ɫתĳա
ͬһʱ䣬ԶƿһһӰģ֮£ǳҶɵĶ棬ЩȻ֮ɫĿҶɡ
ٺ٣벻ʶ֮֮ǿȻܹĳˣ俴˿Ҷɣ΢Ц˵һ䡣
ǰ֮ǰлˣ֪˷к£ҶЩɻ˵ȴǲµ˼֡
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Ŷ㵹Ǵɲ鿴еƷһ䡣
Ҷҡҡͷڵ뿴Ҳһֱûü
ǾͺãĳڽĨͿԷһ·˵껰ɫһĿ˿Ҷɡ
Ƭ̣ҶһЦԷ̣˵ԼὫԷȻҪĨԼļ䣬Ҷɾ޷ܵġ
ңĨʱ򣬶ԷⲻͻȻֵģҪǣҶҲԴһЩȤ
ǰⴢҶĳ֮ϾҪӺ׽˵ģҶɫһ˵
ˣֳˣˣȻ㲻ĳҲ˵ʲôЦЦһֲϢͷŶ
в²⣬ȻҶܽնɱʵͨǰ򵥣˵սײãҲԪӤ޷ӵġ
ĹƣҶӦʲôһƷ챦ĻԲնɱһӤʿġ
ˣûԴͨһ㣬Է۳ȭ⹥ǵһ
˵һбĿϼԪһңţһ֮߰޵ָ˰ա
ϴһ·һɹɲɣֲϢɢâһһ̶ƿ֮Ҷͷ
ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬һС޽Ҷֶָһնȥ
״˫ĿһУ˵ûиожֲȴǿҶһ޿ֵӡ
ײһһ˦ϵļһɫƻǰţݹһ׼֮ʱʱܡ
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һ촫ָһܲСͨĪ˵ԸһС뻯ӤڶսҲһ䵽·硣
Ŀ֮Уָȴһһζεķ׷ѶΪʧ
ھָѰεɲǣѷӦֳ̧ǰһ㣬ţź󷽵
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Ԫ֮δȫָȫ߶֮£Ҳǰ˳ܷ֮Ҫ˶ԷҶҲǲ
ãϼɢ룬Щ
ವһ
һԱĹϼڼһ֮ĺȻΪһһߵӤСˣɫգòһ޶
ԪӤҶɫһ˵֮ǰûмʶԪӤҲǲµ˼֣˵׻Ӥ֮ʱԪʧӤһСˣҲʿԪӤ
ԪӤһɣǾʹŴӴ̤ǿ֮УԪǳＸǧ֮ãԪӤɸܵط֮
ԪӤСʵʵֲһЩ⹦ҪԪӤʩչǼﵽ˲һٶȡ
Ⱦ磬ͬ׺ѽԷɱ屬ѣԪӤһӵңӵһƷֻ꣬ҲԶġ
Ҷǰܹ֮նɱӤϹ֣Ϊ粻ͬԪ޵ʵѾȫĳԽʿͨӤڵʿ
ԪӤգδһģһɫصĿ˿Ҷɣ㾹ȻʵնɱڴˣҲɵõͨ
˵껰ûż֣˫Ŀ΢еĿҶɡ
Ŷǰ̽Ҷĳܷܲ˻𣿡˵껰ҶһΣһ޽Уɢһɹ֮
ʲô㻹ܡԪӤû˵꣬ͼҶɾ޽Ҫնӡ
ˢһ
ҶֻǰһɫС˶ʱʧһĻҶɰզ࣬벻ԪӤĶ˿¡
˫ĿһգҶɸӦһᣬԪӤѾȥҪӳԼʶӦΧӣٶȴǹ
״Ҷһݹһ׷ȥ
ԪӤƺٲûǰ죬Ҷһֱ׷˴֮ãҲһֱûӳҶɵĸӦΧ
˼Ƭ̣ҶһƬϿһɫһâһһɫ쭷Ӱģ֮£ʧ
ͬһʱ䣬һƬԭϿգԪӤæӶţ¶˼֮ɫȻɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʲôӾȻֲĶ٣ȻӤڣ˹Ȼ̣Ҳһֱ׷ĳģӦòơ
ҲգûҪգ뿪˵䣬ɫС˻䣬âһһģ֮ʧ
ٷɶݵҶɺȻһ٣˼Ŀ˿Զţݹһ𣬱Ŷȥ
˰ҲܹҴǵĻ̫ѾдС˵ҸģҪ̫ϣҴֺܶ඼ҪɾҪ˼·Ź֣ҸоұۣҾûодɶôһЩС˵˸绰ϢɶģҲܵȾоһůҲõģ￴ŻúϢסԺ۲ʮģûвӦ֢֮ҽ˵ͿԳԺֻǲҪȲ;ûɶ⣬۾ɶģҲֻܿұҩҲǸơ


422 Ӥ
һݱԵݱԵ㴦һƬտɽ֮УƮɢŵ˵ΪĿɽ
˵˼ʺֻҲɹһֻһߴɽ֮ڣһªʱһɫӰ˶ڡ
ˣҶɣ
նս򱬣ԪӤߺٶԷҶɱ²⵽⣬Լûȥ׷ǳûߣԻٴη׷Լ
ʶҶ˵֪е£Ҳʩչ׷һȻն־壬һҶƴ׷֮£ǳԶݶߡ
ҶɵǺܺ棬׷ԼƺֻΪĴôһͬĸķ֧֪ʲôϵĶڼеλߣҲᱻϳҶԿһ̵ġ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһһֻС
ϧĴ뱦ԪӤˣĻ˷һЩջ񣬺ٺ٣ҲգȿΣ˵껰Ҷʶһʼ˴
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ΢΢һЦĴУʯȻ࣬Ҳֻһ߽鱦н鱦һЩƷҩҩȴǼḻ
һмϼ亱ĸ߼ҩǻָʱսĵҩһЩҩ
Щһۣһʯ˲ҩ̵ĵһңȫѹҩϡ
öҶһ鿴ǼһЩ֮࣬˵ôǺܴ󣬵Ҳüۡ
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˵ӻӤٶȵĵҩ֮ڣҲûȸ߼ĵҩЧҲû鵤ԡ
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˵ѰΪĵҩֱӵõĳƷԺĻԵͿԼѰңȹ֮Ϊ취ӻңмǣСľ㲻ڳҺΪһǣҪС¡
ҶɺȻ˫ĿһУ¶ϲ֮ɫ鵤ûеĸ߼ҩ뱻Լĵõˡ
ֲôȣҪõĴӦҲ֪ܣǲ²⣬ֻ鵤ĲϣƺЩԴӡ
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˼Ƭ̣ҶɽƷ漴һ˦ɫ鱻ų
Ϊһ˷׼Ӥƿһ˽ӽɱۣҶ˵꣬ɫһģ֮£ʧ˶֮ڡ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһֻƿУһ֮Ҷ˫ĿһգĿ
ӤƿҶҲǲҴ⣬뽫һϢ״̬һʧ֮£ᵼ³Ӥʧܡ
Ҷɮ붨һʱһĹȥһϢҲӯ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢һԪһ󲨶Ԫת֮£ԪıҶڡ
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ɽϿգһƬĶС۶ɵţγһ©ĵ֮ϡ
Ԫһ궯Ż۶룬Ԫ©·ޱȵ˳ɽڵҶɹעȥ
ʱͬһ㣬ֹȥ꣬ɽϿƺûһ仯ƺԽԽһɿֲѹ
Զһɫܣĳɽ֮УһѺɫɽ֮ڣƮһĺɫӰֱתĿһĻ

Ԫ۹һ򽻻㴦һƬľ͸¶һɹɰϢһֻֻżʡ
˵Ϊŵ֣вһЩޣһЩӤϹ־ǰɱޣȡʯ棬ɼҩ
ŵһƬĿյ֮ϣһֻʮ֮޵Ļɫߣ˵һ࣬Ÿ߿մһȥ
ɢһϢǻн׵Ĵڣǿ൱ԪӤڵǿߡ
߿մʮӤϹǱӰٿűʩչǿĹźɫȥһϼѶ
໺𣡡
һŭ𣬺ɫһ磬һǰδĴɫϯһֶȥţһŤ޴βһɨȥ
ãѾƿҵ޷ס쳷ʱһһ߿д
˼״׷ɫһ䣬һ׷״߶һߵֵǰɫ棬һԶӡ
Դң룬ȻˣͶ°ɣߡɫ߾ȻԣβײļӤʿ屬ѶԪӤһֵҪԶݶߡ
ǱǰɫһӴһԪӤǷĲҽУתۼ䣬ӤϹ֡
ವһһ߶ޱȣԶȥʱǰ׵ȼһ棬ֻ洫һҽСѣң
ԣһֿŻ۵꣬ɫ¶Ц˵׳գûԱ֮ƴȥһ޸ϵ֮ˣԱϣɢһƬѪ֮ɫɫصԶӴܶȥ

Ŀɽ
һɽϿգһƬӴţڿٵСΪŨޱȵľԪɽڹעȥ
·ɽڣһɫӰϥǰƯżöɢĵҩ֮һھˬԺһƬǳӤʱħרõ
˵ɫӰҶɣ˿̣ɫЩ԰ףͷϹ¶ĺ飬ɫЩصӡ
зһ䣬ԪһҶעȥ


ڰ˾ 


423 ͸ħ
һĿɽ
һƬĳɽעȥһʧ֮󣬺Ȼɽ΢΢һһɹɾҵĲɽд
˵˰֮ãɽЩ
ȻһݵӴѹɽɢţɽ帽΢΢һ
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һ޴ıɽ嵱ըѶѵɽʯ鲼ռ䣬ȥģһƬҲм
պؼ䳹׻ָ˰ɽʯмɢһأֻʣ°ƮɢŵĳԼһĲ
ԭɽĵطһƬԲСɸɾаҳһɫ֣ϼЩĳ˴˴
Ƭ̺۵һɫһɢһŰµӰ˵֮ϣɫ԰ףһϢ
ˣҶɣֻбЩɬ֮⣬Ҳ޷ͻƻӤƿֻܼѰһӤˡ
˷Ӥ˵ʧܵ׼ûгɹҶЩʧ䣬ϱ˵ϾǻӤֻм׿Խܹ֮˳ɹס
˼Ƭ̣Ҷɱ˫ĿһգϢ˷ĲСټϳӤʧһЩ֮ˣûиʱ䣬ҲԻָ
ԶĺϯһƬɫͬգؿųӤʧܵҶɣȥЩĵӡ
ʱţתۼǹ꣡
һգϥҶɺȻ˫ĿһâһϢҲǱóӯƺԭһ˿
תĿ˿ԶҶ̧һУһɽڣһâصһ䵽Ҷɵǰһ߽ɫܡ
ˣϲأĸ˹һ֮ɫ˵
ţˣǸóˣ˵껰Ҷɽܲõļ𣬽ɫǽâһСûҶ֮ڡ
ˣȥһ䡣
򣡡Ҷɻشţڤ֮󣬱ǻΪһƿնȥ
ȻڴݱԵ޷õӤҶɱһ󵨵뷨붥ɽڣɽڲգڸѰһӤϢϾԴӷḻ
ֻǵ˴ģڵΪС£ضΣգϾĵشӤǿ಻˵ҴǳԽڵĴڡ
ԪȫʩչնҲһеùԪӤڵʿѾ䣬ȴǳٳ޷ӤҶҲǲò
֮ǰҶɴӴݱԵɽڣԲȫɶݣҲҪһٶ꣬Ҷʵ޷˷ʱ䣬·˵Ϻε鷳
Ҷֻô˶ݴע⣬һ·鷳ܽʡʱ䡣

򣬼ݣ
˵λڶԵݿ˵ͬΪ򣬵ԴȴǸӷḻҲǸӶʢ
޶ϲһΰĽȥ֮һӶʿѲӣΪ߽׵ӡ
˵أǼ޴һ컯ţ
˵컯Ų⼸ǿ󣬴ҲӤϹʵۺҪ߳һЩ࣬Ժɨһ
컯ͨ죬һӤ۷ǿߣһӤڵĴڣһգҲ֪ιʣٴа컯Ÿա
ͨһŰ۵꣬һλ׷ԲԵߣΪɣ˴˿ЩǱɫ԰ףһֵӣǻһ˿Ѫ
·Ǽʮڵӳϣһ֮ɫʵڲŴͬʱ֣ȻһС
Ϊֲǣ껹һλԲʿ˿̣Ű£ͨ˶档
㾿ʲôˣ컯ŵһѰѵǰͨɫЩ˵Щ֮ɫĿ˿ꡣ
ԣ΢΢һЦץһ޽뵣ģ²޶⣬ĻλҶĳ
ӤϹ֣һԲʿ˵˿ԣȴûаŭ⣬ûа㷴Ե˼
ǸҶˣѵ·ɣͨһ䱸֮ɫĿǰ泤˵˵һ䡣
ԣЦЦҡͷҲ·ɣֻһ´ȥһɽڰˣ²ʩչһֶΣŶλҲµġ
ô򵥣ͨЩɻʵ
ǺǣѵСסһʱգЦ
ԣͨüһæµСסһʱգֻǿѶż£ҲôţȻôĳȥҰɡ
ãлԣŶˣ컯Žȥ󱻶˴һɭϵĴ֮У鲼ŴССʮ
ͨɽڵĴڿõʯ컯ŵˣ룡ͨ˵껰ָָмĴ
ԣ΢΢һЦһĳ˴֮ϣͨһ󷢳Ŀϼһ󣬰Ӱǽģ۵һʧ
Ĭãϲų˿ͨһۣǵʵڿֲЩҪҶڽ򷢵ˡͨԣ΢΢˵ͷ

ĴĴ֮һɽɽ£
һʽӣƻֺĻɫһƽԭ֮ϣվʮΪߣȻǻӤڵĴڡ
˵أɽͨĴ͸ɭϣⱻǿд˷⡣
͸ڿռ伫󣬴ŷԲңһһ㣬вûеǰഫߣССһҲ߰ӡ
ÿܣ߰ӤϹֱĿ͸Ҳǰ쳣
ʱһ΢΢һɢĿϼţһɫӰֶƺЩѣβʰ˫ۡ
һ֮ʱϷһöɫƣȻһ͵İɫһ±˰ϡ
ţɫȻһѶΪһɫĻգʾһС֣ƺ֤ߵһ㡣
״Щ֮⣬˿Ļϵݡ׷ħͷҶɣԲ̱Űǧɱ֮ͬɽڲɱͬűն¶
Щݵ·һĻ棬ȥһӵĻ񣬾Ȼ봫İһ޶
ףȻǶħޣٺ٣ȻͶǾ°ɣ󸽽һ΢΢һЦ漴ִһ
˵һкȻƮһֻħԳӰɢֲѹŰһ˶ȥ
⼸ʮӤϹּ״ֻ΢΢һۣǲᡣ
״ɫһ䣬漴һΣһ޽У漴ϿħԳһնȥ
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֮һ𣬰걳âһɫ쭷˷Ӧǳ˴ſڡ
ʲôȻлӤʵҶ֮ߣʱڶ໯ӤϹַ׷ɫ΢䣬ԭΪϰһмɱĴڣȻֵܹӤڵĹߣⲻ˴⡣
ߣСұɱʱȳֵŭһŴ˳ȥ˼״ȴǲû뿪Եλá
͸֮⣬ʮӳһ꣬Ϻ޾֮ɫֻһϼһǽ漴һȭ
Ȼһ죬һ޴ȭӰѶһͨѩףĽӰһնȥ
״ɫһ䣬̧ȡһöǰһˢһʱһɫ֣ͬʱǰֳһɫƣǵ
һ̣ɫӰն˶֮ϡ
¡¡һ죬һŴĿϼѶҲܽΣԶӴܶȥ
ವһ͸һߣպõ˰ǰһЩʶⲢͨʿҲٴγˣΧ
״ɫһ䣬˵ӰˣҶɡ
նùʩչ˵ؼʮӤϹ֣Ҳ벻ߵİ취ʲôԷҲȡ
ߣֲúħħͷļ¼Ȼı£ѷɣ㲻ħޣϷҲҪնɱڴˡ˵껰߱һ˦
ವһһɫɽɢݵĿֲѹţҶһնȥ
Ƿ׷״ܿռ䲨һһֲȭӰһ˻ɫǹҶɺȥ
˿̣ҲûнҶɵͨʿֱӶ˱ǿͨҶɹ
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ܣϹΪºԲ˻·ģ˵飬ףϹôЩɻ˵
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λѣӦýȥ˵꣬صĵ˵ͷ漴Ŷ룬տյĹ㳡֮󣬲ɵɫһ䡣


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˼Ƭ̣Ҷɼ鿴˵ڶöףʶһڣҶɱüͷһ壬¶ɲ֮ɫ


430 
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һ߳ջſڣ֮˳ŽֵȥƬ̺סΣͷ˿ҶڵĿջ¶һ˼֮ɫ
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431 ͬ׶ս
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̼䣬ҶɱΧķ겻͸ԶԶȥһźɫţҶǿ֧ŵҡҡλεɫֵֵţЩ֧ӡ
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𣬷ɫ䣬УȻһžž֮ţһСӲӣһɫ׻ĳǹڰ۶
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ǰҶɸһݣǸоɼǿʶɨһ飬漴һƵϹ
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ڳʮԹ黨ˣϷʮʯӵѣ겻һ䣬ſںȻһʿһѸ΢΢һЦһӤϹ֡


434 鷳
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ʲô⣬ôܣ˵꣬Щɲӣ漴תͷ˿ҶʧıӰ

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ҶȴûоܾϾڰ׼񱦱飬ֻǳƹ˵£ǶԻص˿ջ
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飬ǻҶɸո뿪ŵʱ򣬿Ҳģٰĥǣ׽ظ˼
ҵ˹ù㳡ϹٲΣһɱⱩ¶ţҲֲҶɸ˺֣˷õ黨ҲȥμӼպħжˣ˵ûʲôΣգҲûʲôҪ
Ƭ̣Ҷɱһ˿鿴Ĵ洢鱦ʯϲ٣Ҷɽû⡣
Ƭ̺һֻľгҶɵУϲɫһǵӽϹװг黨ֻľС
ָᵯžһľһһ̣ҶЦݺȻ̣һȻ֮ɫпյľС


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Ҷڿջûгţһ磬˫Ŀһһģ֮£ʧ˿ջ֮ڡ

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Ĵһն漴鿴һֻ˵ʯ٣ұԲ˺ܶࡣ
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ҴﾹȻҩҲǺĶһԣ˶ҩ̫ĵӣҲ֪˭Ĵ
һ֮£黨ǳУҶȡһֻľУСĽշǱӡ
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ҶվΣһһģ֮£αʧ˶֮ڣ漴ֻСһɶҶʧ

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Ҷ֮ǰƽҲǴʮ꣬һЩõĵҲ˽⣬ҿڱҶɻЩĲҳƻӤġ
˶׼ҶҲرĵӣ˼Ƭֽ̣ɫ˳в԰һЩ
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ֻصһ죬ɫһΣһɺɫԶðһɹɴ̱ǽζɢ
״Ҷüһ˵ը¯ʧܣҶɺ֮ɫ֮󣬱Ǽ

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ٺ٣˴˵ټϷЩԽ׻Ӥˣ˵һЩƣڵҩˡɫ԰ףЩ˵һڵʿ
֮ǰڹù㳡սԷˣϢһ󣬴ŵҩ뿪˳ǳأԶݱչأһ׻ӤڣǼֱǴԲ֮޵еĴڡ
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һ׳˶ӣɫۣòֿüЩŵ֮⣬һϷ֮ɫĿߡ
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Ҷ㶵ĿöӤ漴һҲգǵʱ䲻࣬˷ʱѡ
ҶҲֻҰοǵһֻеõ黨Ǿ˷ѵʱ䣬˵١
˼Ƭ̣ҶɽöӤ漴һն˴˵ҶɿûʲôƣܴһʲС룬ҲԸ˷ʲôʱ䡣
Ϣ£ҶһϢָ漴˿ڤȥ˼󷨽ƣҶɻվΡ
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󣬴һԭ֮ϣһɫӰգĴܵĻ漴¶֮ɫ
˵Զ븽ǳأƽʱ˼ʺֻҰҲûԱȴ򣬴˵ϡһЩ
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ڣһɫѣԼ͸¶һĿϼʱ֮
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صһ죡
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448 
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壬û°ɣʱԶɵǰһǵ˵ֻ΢΢˳һۣǽĿŲ˵ֻ档
ߣϹǹϣȻѡԱҲǣĻҲѻ֮ࡣ˵ɫ˵ЩףȥƲ̫ء
˶ǻӤڵʿֻǳﵽ˳۷ӣ΢˿һۣɫһ
λħϣҵһкβϣȻƽ֣λ˵
ٺ٣Ǿˣȴһ̫ս׵ˣҲƽֺôǷЩ˵ȥģԱϣһ׳ЩĿ˿ꡣ
ԣüͷһ壬漴̧һУǽ㵽УɫЩӡ
λ뷨˵꣬ɫЩӣ˿ˣҲ֪˼ʲô
ˢһ
һƿ֮ԶѭȥһŰµӣƺ̫죬һϢӦǸս׻Ӥڲõӡ
״˲ᣬתͷ˼ŴЩԥӣʵڲ뱻˶ֺô
ʱȴɫһ䣬ָԶǵɫӰŭ壬ˣնɱ˺塣
ԣ˲ɫһüͷ΢Ŀ˿ɫӰһǽȥ·ŭŶԷ
㣿ɫӰüͷһ˵ǸɽڵҶɣǻ꣬ǵҶնɱ֮ʱߵʿû뵽Ҳǽ׵˻Ӥڡ
Ǹնɱ±ܺˣ֪кζԹҪ֣һ˵
Ҷɶݹһͣ΢˼һۣ漴΢΢һЦڵҵȵǵȷûʲôԹģеıܣȴҪأѵ²ܷ
ߣҺҵˣҲҶ֪жĵӣһֽ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһһöƳУǵϾƹ֮Ҷ˼ţӦɽ֤֮óŶԷϾԼЩļ·ģܲȻãԷǿӤʿ
˼Ҷ壬ȴ΢΢һ㶣ڵʲôó⣿
ԣҶЩɻʵѵʶⲻɽڵ𣿡
ɽڣðɽڵˣһϷŪҵȣսײãӦò⸽ʿɣЦ
ԣҶЩ֪ϾƹƵǸʲô⣬Ȼʶ漴Σǲˡ
λǰ˵ֶƽֺôףҵնɱˣúôƽ֣Σ꿴˿ˣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣǿ˿ҶɣȷʵǸսײõӣ΢΢һЦͷͬ˳
ˢһӰһҶɰΧЦ֮⣬漴һųһӲӵԲӭ籩֮󣬺ȻΪСһɫ׻
״ҶɫһһһҶаսʤԷ֣ҶɻûԴܻ˵ĵز
ǷҪֲˣҶ˵껰һϢͽȻһţ˫ĿһĶų꣡


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Ҷɿ˽ԼΧסɵɫһǳ־ս뱻ֻԪ֮һ¶Է
һЦ֮󣬱ǵһ㣬һɫԲһƬĿâһϸ׻䲻ѣҶɼȥ
궯֣˫Ŀһ׷׼׼Ҷɵӡ
״ҶһΣһ޽У漴ųһնȥ
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༸˻ûü֣Ǳɿֲŵɫһףο˶ߣһѣһĿҶɡ
ҶһûἸˣһУವһһֻУţ˳ٽɫԲɫֵǣûһ˸ҳֵֵ
󣬻ӤڣһӰЩֵĿҶɣԻӤʵ֣նɱһӤڣͨӤڿ԰쵽ģǺֲ֮˭ӣʵڷðնսҶɡ
ԣ˷׷ɫһ䣬һ߿ڵλѣҵֻɢޣҵ޹أǺ֮ʹҵȸǣ˵껰һԶݶߡ
༸˼״ûиҶɲûиȥ׷漴׷ȥȴһӡ
˿ߣȴУʱҶɵ˵һ䣬漴˫ĿһĿ˿ʹݹߵĻꡣ
ϴξ©֮ߣ˷ȻԼһҲ׻Ӥˣⳡ鷳Ҳɵģ˻ȥԺ˵ǳӣҶŹնݳĻᡣ
ԭڶߵļˣҶɵĻﲻɵһ漴ͷ˿ҶɣΪҪ˳֣ҶɶݹһŻ׷ȥɵֻ漴ݹһߣǲڸҶͣ׷Ƿȥ
һķɶţȻҶ׷ɵɫһ䣬ƴ߶ݹ⣬ԶԶǰ漸˽׶Ϲ
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һṦֻǰâһҶɵһģ֮£ǵǰ䱳һԾӨ΢΢ɿţһϷ֮ɫĿŻꡣ

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һƬȻɽ֮ϣΡ뽨ܱ鲼黨ݣĹϼɢһɹ㡣
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УƮţԶԶȥϼǧƬŨһɼұصģ
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۵ʿɽѲţһӤڣӣ⼸˽ǻӤڵΪ
ʱüͷһ壬漴Զֻһɫݹ⼤ģ֮£ǳǰ
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ҶɣһλǰУ˵˵껰ǵһһöƳС
״˲ɫһ䣬һ꾪ʦ壿ôϣСӣʲôˣ
ԣҶɴ𻰣һۣæڵϻȻʦ͵ģʦ壬λѣ
굱һ΢Ц˵漴ҶһԶһȥ⼸˼״˿ƺǿЩһ㡣
ʱҶɱһ֮ڣԶһľ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢У¶˼֮ɫ
ҶնɱҶɵûż鿴һĸ·ɽϾƹϾԼʱֻʣ˶ʮѡ
ʵնɱս׻Ӥ꣬Ҷɵû̫ȴЩԪӤӵϾԼԻӤʵսӤʿ껹ǵһ
ҶɶڷԪӤӵľ鲻࣬ڶԷҲսײã鲻ղűҶʶʶҽѻһ
Ҳ֪սײãԭҶʶڲûзʲôõļ䣬ȴǷһģļ䡣
μУûн׵ʱгһܵصĴڣвﲻ٣ĻԵڡ
طǽ֣ҶɲİնɱһʿѻҲõһΣֻǴμģ֮˽⡣
һҶɶǸȤ׼ԺлһЩӤϹѯһ߻Ҵ̽һ¡
Ҳ֪˶ãſڴӰһһɫӰֶץһֻƺʱ䣬һŨŨľζ
λݣõϾƹҶɴ˿̿ǲҵֺҶɵʶҲ޷ӦߵΪǿϴγֲֿҶɻὫ䵱ˣ뵽ҶɼæվΣɫһ˵ǰҶɡ
û˵꣬Ͼƹ˰֣һҶɣ¶֮ɫֻȴЩǣʱĴžãôҲһǿߵӡ
СӣϷûп㡭Ͼƹû˵꣬ͱһôϣⲻҶЩӡ
ǰ˻⣿ˣ֪Ѧ֮ǰ֪֣Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ʳĵ׶ʡ


450 ʦ
Ѧ˵˰ɣǱһӤڵļһɱģӦһħŵţֻǱ˺ڹѡϾƹЩ˵
ԣҶ˫ĿһУɻѵΪ˼޻ң
Ͳ㵱ʱ״ˣ޻˭ɱˣ֪ΪΣû͸ϵ˵ˣֱͬŴߣϾƹƺ˹˺ڣ漴˲졣
ԭˣ˵ڹĻͦԩ֪ճ͸ϵˣҶɻ˵һ䡣
ܼ򵥣ɺϣҲСǰ׼֪ͨţ˵Σգѵڵ㣿ϾƹŻǵ˫ۣ˿Ҷɡ
ȷǶԼģǴ˵֣׼ʲôֶΣ֪ͨŵġҶǰ˼һ˵
Сʱ˲ã˺ڹϷ֣Žɽھ˳˵꣬Ͼƹҡҡеľƺ
ԣҶһ˵Щ²⣬׿ڳϣּʶ˵ı죬Ҷɲòʵ
ǰ֮ǰ˵֮ǰǹ۲Ҷɻ˵
Ͼƹҡžƺжһ٣ͷȥǧ°Щ飬ɽ£־㡣
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Ŷ֪ǰɷϸ˵˵Ҷһ˵оԼɻ󣬿ڴ˿̼
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ǰһո뿪ڤȣйɱǴβ֪ҲǰȣҶɫһʵ
ȻϾƹǵ֮У΢΢һ⣬ȴݣһŵĻָ˻֮⡣
ǴεȷҪɱ㣬ƺԤıһ㣬Щ֣Ϸ̫ԶֻǳֵֿסǵϷȥ֮ʧӰ١
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죿˱лӤʿϾƹʵ
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ԣҶ¶п֮ɫʵֲ֮ˣԪȴ٣ҲԵôֿ
Сʻԣȴ㲻ö⣬ܴ漣ϷÿζܾϲܽնɱҪʵ
ɽʮ꣬նɱħͷԣڴԪ۹üԵ
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СӣĿ飬Ϸ⣬ֻһ仰ԸϷ£Ͼƹ˵껰ƺڡ
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СӵǽϷΪͽɽʲôϵҲɽЩƹأֻҪǶ˳ʦͽϵãϾƹ˵껰΢΢һЦ
Ƕˣɽڣǰɷ˵ϸ㣿ҶЩɻ˵ǿԲ꣬ûװ׵õһʦҶȻġ
Ͼƹ˼Ƭ̣ڵϷͽֻܰϷ£ԼɽڣɽܵĹأȻҲԲɽڡ
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ԣҶǵһгһƣһֻյ֮͵Ͼƹǰ
ǰҶɣԸǰ£ȻǰϲƣԾƴ裬ʦһ˵껰ҶɱɫһУȴһڴԼϲɫ·ʲôҪ˵һ㡣


451 봫˵
ǺǣҪʦϷм仰㣬ȻڿǴ£ϾƹûȥҶбյɫһ˵
ԣҶһӦЩʲô֮࣬ɻǰлֱԱɣԻֱ棡
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⵹ûмΪʦԭȥǧ°£־֮ұȥǧϾƹ¶֮ɫ˵
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һԺɽٷҲǼ֮£ԺɽҲ㳹ʧȥκϵ
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ҲؾõҲһ˿ϣûСϾƹζ˵һ䡣


452 
õҶϾƹĻɵЩӣʦӣԭԼҪͷȻðһ䡣
Ͼƹһ΢ЦĿҶɣ޶ã˿⣬֮һ㣬ЩϷ֮ɫ
ҶɶЩ嶯޲ͷѻһҶȴǵס±ε˿϶Լ
СӲ㿴ңΪʦ֮Ȳ˵ΪҲãһأдĻᣬȥǴصֽϾƹЦ˵
֪ʲôλãҶһ˵˵Ѿ˵һΣʼռأͷ˽ӣҶɰиϹʦȷǱԼɢײĺá
ٺ٣Ҳ˵̫磬ȥˣԲĴ֮ˣ࣬һЩɢʿҲǰȥμӣϾƹƺڣ˵˵
ʲôô˶֪һͨڴڽ룬ʦûᵤҩĻ᣿Ҷ۽һ˵ʼо˵غأ֪ɢǰȥ
ͨڣΪЩ׻𣿿ңֻܳʿ룬ɽ֮ͨ˱仯
ѹ֮ԽԽСӤڶԽȥǵϴ٣мӤƾУʱǴɱķ
ǹûĻ٣ӤڵʿԽеģϾѹ֮ѾԽԽˡ
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ԣҶ˼˵ûͷִԲǰȥӤڵʿҲǻӤԿĴڡ
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Ȼǧ꽵һΣʱ䣬ʮ꣬͸ýˣʱ罫ٴκ䶯˭ʤߣͲ˵ˡϾƹ˵˵
ʦҶʵ
ȥΣõһЩԵǱ˹ȥϾƹɫҰ˵
ŶǵʵȥᶼûУҶЩ˵
Ƭ̣Ͼƹ˿еľƺ˵һ㣬Ϊʦȫ֮£֮ǰӦÿԽΪӤڡ
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״Ҷһ𣬺޹ǰڽһΣǵһɳߣ۸ʮʯҡ
鵤Լ˵ûд֪ʯߣֱʯʱ򣬶¥ҼҵӼ۸Բ޹֮¡
˴Թһ£Ҷбǿһ֣ǽǧʯһнʯ⼸ԼȫˡȻֻ˵ʯ
ЩƷһҲ׿򵽵ģǿҲ֪ʲôֶΣŪຮ޹鵤Ҷʱ䣬ҲЩ
⣬Ϊʦߣ˳־ˣҲòϣͶˡƺǿҶɵ𾪣ǿ˵һ䡣
лʦҶɫһ˵ͬʱоһ㣬һ̣ǽʡ̫ʱ䣬ôҲǺֻܶ࣬ϧǰδ
ǿ˰֣ڵûʲôóнͨ鱦ǿĵȻ󡣡Աϣ䵥һ
ˢһǿйϼһöȭͷСԲУֱųࡢȡ졢̡Ȳͬɫ
״ǿЩ˵Ϊʦʹõнͨ鱦ħӻΪʦǧ֮ãǵʦ͸ҵġ
ӻɺһܾ޴ǿֿ߽ͨ鱦Ҳɷֿʵã䣬˷ʤԹɼ򵥵Ϊ֮á
񣬴˱ͽˣ˵нͨ鱦ȴԶͬױ֮ڼƷĴڡ˵껰ǿп֮ɫһ֣öԲǳҶɵǰ
⣡Ҷ֣֮ɫЩȡˣ˹֮Լ޷ʦˡ
ɣȻǿĵӣȻҪЩĶҲ㣬ʦͽʲôǿЦ
öԲҶбһζ״һػԼʦһԼԼЩӦˣҡͷɬһЦ
Ȼʦ˵ǵӾͲƴˣڱ𣬵ڲ˵ԺȻṼʦһ񰮵ģҶ֣ص˵
ǿƺûҶ˵ԹԵƺ˼ڣ漴ĨĨ죬˵ǵСм߽׵Щô
һЩҩʱƣһҲԽҩԼʹã۵ǵȻɫ
˵껰ǿٴȡһֻҶɵûƴʲôҲûǰǰ㾪ȣǿóʲôҶҲֻľˡ
Ƭ̣ǿҶ΢΢һЦڵϲƣʦϼΣ
ǿĻҶһ㶣漴΢΢һЦһյǰ˶ǰľ֮ϣǿȡһƣ˵
ٺ٣ֻȷҾƣƣЩƣʵûʲôζǿűӣһɹŨҵζƺЩ㱵ӡ
ҶҲû뵽ǿԼľǷҾƣҲʲôٱʦһֱػȸΪҶ˵껰һ׵ĽҾһֻоһߴ븹Уţһů
ǿ΢ЦĺҾƣյϣ漴һһöУҶ˵ɽھ⴫ڹһЩڲӣҲ˭лģڣҽȫƪ㣡


457 Ԫ仯
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Ҷһ֮ϣְһöɫ¶֮ɫҲ֪˼ʲô
֮ǰǿ˽һС죬ҶɽһЩϵѯһǿǲ䷳ĽҶéٿЩȻӡ
һϹָ㣬һЩƿͻ֮ʱȷĪİܿǻа˲·
ˣǿһЩСأԼ£ҶɽζӣЩɲġ
ȻҪĻǿ͸Ҷɵļָ߼ҩ޹Լ鵤ⶼǼ֮ڻӤΪĸ߼Ʒ
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ͨĴ󶥼⹦֮һԪ۹Ԫǧն£صǽԪһΪͬʱ֮ҲĪ
˹ƽֲ֮ȫͬΪֻ֮ע֮ǿڶǿ壬ɸʿĸ
˵һαʿ֮󣬼ǽҲûпܣȻȫﵽҲ̫ܣֻǸƶǸı䡣
Ȼȹ̸ǿ֮һôǿʿĵ󣬴洢ķۺʿսۺռмơ
ʵ൱ۺߣǿԻߣ˶ս֮ʣԼݽߣԷȴǷ̴棬Ƕôֲ顣
ҶֻǴԵĿһִ˹󼸲㣬ǿ۷ֲ࣬۳ķ࣬ɲֺķѾѪԪӶٻķԱġ
ٻ˵ʵ˺壬ķѷ۳ķ࣬ûȱ㡣
˵ҶģǿǰҶɵһö˵һ֮⣬ķЧ
ֻϧΧСһЩǺǣԺݣҲǰȫһЩˡҶ˵꣬ɫ漴°ͣ¶˼֮ɫ
ϾƹԸҶµĻЩֵصǰȥ֪ͨΪϾƹס壬ƽӸȥ
ҶԴҲ㣬ĿǰɽҲ㰲ȫûʲô֮ǵ£Ҳ԰չһʱˣȻЩ黹Ҫһġ
Ƭ̣Ҷ̧һ㣬һľһ˵ǿҶҲǲ̫ģԼĽҲ
һɫܼһģ֮£ǳ˾ſڴ˫Ŀ͵վ
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һ֮£ҶɵΣǳ˷ռ֮ڣŨ̶ȣٴһأɽڼ¡ȫ֮ǰԱġ
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׻ӤҶ״νУʶ֮ͬն֪ҲǼǿ˿ظӦܺڰƺһɻ
ܹǾһɱҲؼһַ֮ɣҶɵ˵漴¶Ц⣬ʯ״ȥ
ǰͻͻӣƼͨԪļʯϵõġ
ڵʯ¶ЩõӣҶɲʲôߵǰ˿ϲʱֳһööطģ΢΢һЦһ̤ȥ
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ҶֻԺЩըѰʹһööطģʯųĿϼ˳ҶɵһֻƣȫԺл۶ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɻ˫ĿɫЩ԰׵ӣ˷ûʲô飬ȴʵʵڵĵõһͨʶڳһλεĴ֡Ԫ
ͨһʩչữΪһ״һЩǿĹֱصĿռѷ֮УЩڵӵֵļֹ
ҶƺЩƣ֮⣬ת˷ռʯһ棬Ϣ
俴ʱ򣬺Ȼüͷһ壬һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ˼Ƭ̺һһӯӯԲҩǿ档
ˢһ
Ŀâһűǳ˲ͬɫұ任ͣӯӯĵҩ棬һϼš
Ƭ̺ĽɫС֣ƺǼżҩƣӤݣ黨Ҷ滹һЩȽͨҩơ
ȻǻӤĵ»ϸ֮ζҩӤݣ黨ȣŴ֮ѰҪӤݼ򵥵öࡣ
ҶɿһĻֱһѪĳ嶯֪ҩ棬αѰҼζҩ˳˷Ĺ
鴢еõĻӤӦõһֻǵҶɵļ鿴ǵõ˳黨ƻӤ󣬸ǽȫԺ
һᣬҶҲȻϾӤ볾黨ͬʱõ֪˵Ǵ֮ҲûʲôãҶ˵Ұο
Ƭ̺䵥һУӤֻ֮΢΢һһѪɫ⼤һɴ̱ŵζɢ뻯Ӥͬʱõǿɲ֪ҩ
һ䵽棬ɫ任ͣƬ̺һŽɫСֶָƷԼһĿȻ
ѪԪҶɿ˿˵ҩ;ȤȻ˲ָսպǻӤʿʹõĵҩ
ҶɿƷԼ֮ʱЩüȻҪͨʿľѪǣֱħ޵Ĳ
һҩٺãҶҲûƵȤһɱͽʿ࣬ɱ̫صĻԺħҲأȻǸоҲںаֻʵ˽֮ˣǲ˵ȷ
ѪɫҩҶ˫ĿһУ¶֮ɫ˵˷ʹֽⵤһȴǽμĵףԺȴҪá
ϴǧܵصõֻɫľУ֪Դʱʵܷһٺ١˵껰Ҷʶһ˴У¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
еƷֱЩ£֮ǰõֻƷУһòϵĲϱһ䣬Ҳûʱ
Ƭ̺Ҷһ䣬ֻɫľУҪȡȻ˫ĿһЩӡ
һöͻͻĳʯ飬˺ɫľиȥͨͨϸЩֲ֮С
ҶļǵãöʯǱԼ˵ģԵһнǣһȴĻָˣⲻҶɴʼʯĲͬѰ֮


458 ľп
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ǿ˿ʯ鿴ãҲûз쳣֮ȥͬͨʯһ㣬ҶЩɻ
Ƭָ̣°ͼ죬ʯٴγѺۣԵһҲǱҶֱ飬ȥЩȱӡ
Ƭ̺ҶɽУĹ۲漣ķ
ﵱǧܵصõҲʵңӦǱõſڣûӳҶɼ˸ˡ
ǿֲĴڣֱڣҶҲûаܹȻĴȥɴ˿ɼҪԡ
ֻϧľ޷򿪣ʯȥͨѰҶǷľпѽʯԺ󣬱Ͼûоס
һʱʯҲûʲô仯Ǳ鲼Ѻۣƺһͽȫһ㣬˼Ƭ̣Ҷҡҡͷʯջ˴
ţҶɫһźɫľдһ漴һףವһľбǰա
Ϊһɫϼ۵һû˺ɫľ֮ڣֻϺâһһɫһ漴ڰ΢΢
˷Ҷʵнټݶ˵֮ҶɻЩĽ򿪵ģɫȴЩصӡ

ߣҵˣƱ粻µĺ֣Һ֮ˣģһİĴڣһɫĿ·ˡ
߸ռӤʿ·˵ҲǻӤϹ֣ȴһӵӣƺҵߡ
յѣҶ治ˣ֮ԶǺҹ׼ħжһİˡ
˵ҲǱնɱΪ˱𣬵뱻һлɱҵۼУȻǸԱˣ֮ǲˡ·УһЩ˵ƺһЩµӡ
ʲôһлɱңѲǻӤ۷壿ߺϹ֣ˣӦòڴİɣüͷһ壬ȻЩŵӡ
ʾһϢֻǸս׻ӤûãΪҵҲϸ鿴ֱӾ˻ֵҹͶһ˵
ŶնɱҺˣѲǺг𣿺ߣΣҲãĳһú֮ڸǳһ˵꣬ӳһö
ԣһ߼æͷӹ֮󣬱ʶһһŰµӰʶ̻֮֮ڡ

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һֻɫľգһɫ֣ƺʱʧӣľڰ΢΢ֱƺڵֿʲô
ԶҶһ֮ϣɫأʱĴһע˺ɫľ֮ڣĽɫƸ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻصһ죬ɫľųĿâһžž֮ڶţǰ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ¶֮ɫ䵥һ㣬žһɫľһϵĽƣڱҶƽˡ
ҶҲżֽң˵׻Ӥݶ˵Ĺ֮ɫľУҶɻû취
һУವһɫľ䵽ҶǰľһҶɱЩ΢΢һ㶣һ˿ɻ֮⡣
Ƭ̺ҶкȻ¶ϲ֮ɫЩŵӣо˸
ľڣһīɫ壬ԲΣȥƺ·߶ȱһӡ
ҶɿŴ˿ȱ壬ȴǾϲ֮ɫ漴һһԲУһԽ֮󣬾Ȼ˿Ϸ죬·ԭһһ㡣
ʥħڶΣȻʥħ֮Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫʵû뵽ǧܵУȻõͨԭΪУԼʥħڶˡ
⵹ҶɻǧܵؾǺ˽ΪʥħڶţЩ˵ߣǿֲĴնϣһ˿лһֻ֮ڣЩԼ
ҲգڿҲûʲôãȿ֮ɣҶ˵껰ǿȱ壬ϸϸĴС֡
һºҶϴ˼֮ɫһ˼
ڶε֮ҪҶɵǿﵽˣֻмָϣҶϲûС
ڶ䱾òһӣļأʥħڼ㣬ȫԸͷϵĶжϡ
һǴ֮ɫû⹦Ч˵ڶ㣬ͷ϶ǽתΪɫҸйͨƺܲСӡ
ȻҶصĻǵڶǿȣȫܹӤԲĴˣԽ˴ԲҲһ
˼Ƭ̣ҶɵһһīɫʯֶںҶеõģװһֻڣҶɲ²ӦǴٱ˵õġ
ֻǵ֪ʲôʥħڶβϽܣҶɱ˴ʥħҪ֮еһ̴侧
һֲϣ˵׻ãҶȴûʲô̫ϲı飬Ϊ⼸ֲϣԼû
ۻңڤ޾Ҳ̫ϣһֲϵ䣬ҶѾ֪
ǵõڽٻǴΣʶۻңӦ˺ü죬˹Ҳֻǲ̫󣬻ûõȲϡ
ֻʣµڤ޾Ҷɾû˵ˣҶɲûмѰҲϣŴ˷ȹ̾ͬʱʹú޹Լ鵤һΪ˳㽫ǰزһ


459 ̸
ɽڣۣ֮һΡľ޴
ѰʱѲߵֵصӣҲӽ˵أڽĳڣһۣһֻƺߡ
ڴߣŶȣǣϴż⣬һƹؤģҲ֪Ĵ֮һɽ֮ڡ
߲ˣҶɵʦǿ
ϾƹʵҲ֪ʲôȻһ⣬ֻһţʧӰ١
Ͼƹָ˳̬һƲʦֲΪͨǿߣʦһ棬ҲñˣҪҪʦи񣿡
ϾƹȻ˵ȴûжһ£лһ˿ڿ֮⣬Ҳ֪ں˽
Ƭ̺󣬾ڰһâռ䲨һһЩõӰֶֻһĿϼ˿Ӱò
Ӱ˿Ͼƹ΢΢̾Ϣһʦܣ㻹ڼǺǧǰŵ治ʦֱ⣬ֻǵʦΪˡ
ˣӰĻû˵꣬ǿһʧӰ٣ȻЩŭĿιӰ仰ϡ
ףʦ֣ߣӦýŲŶԣȻλãǰڿʦܲɣϾƹдһ˿ɬ˵
ԣӰĬã漴ʦܣʦ־֪ǧԹǧʦһֱҼһ档ԱϣӰҡҡͷ
ӦʦңʦһЩҼ㣬޷㣬ʦܣǧ߲ɽԴżЩ飬ʦҲֻֻ۱ֻۡ
ʦȻɱǺ˵һ㣬ʲɱʵЩϧȻʦҲûй˼ҲˣĵӱɱˣʦҲ
ǣʦһֱǵʦɽҲԹصĲȵģʦܣɷʦ룿ӰЩ̾Ϣ˵
ǿüͷһ壬ߵ룿ǧǰ˭ΪҪǾλͰҸϳɽڣ
㣬ʦܣ㵱治ҵȵ֣ô˵ҵҲǼǧʦֵˣǵõǹϵõģӰӰƺЩ˵
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ĬãιӰƺԶԵӣڵգҲЩѹ
Ƭ̺󣬻ιӰ˳ĬڵʦܣʦһȰΪʦ֣ɽڵ棬ɱɽڵ˲ţоԵʦ𣿡
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״ιӰȻʦܵյĵӣ͸ɽڹһҲӦʦܰϯΪףںɽû˸ȥǵӵġ
һȱĵӣֱȲٴηǸãʦζԴǵģָλرɽڣ
ǰѾӦʦ֪ͨɽˣԺûȥǵӣԺҲϣʦ㣬ҪʦһЩС£ҲͰˣֻҪɱ˾ͺãϾɽڵˡ
ˣʦҪû飬ǾͻȥɣҪûҵĵӣǲΪǵġǿ˵껰˹˵ĺ
ιӰ״ε̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡҡͷ󣬱ǹϼһɢʧ˴˼侲ҡ

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ǰ˵ظʽ򣬵֪ʱǳֵصӿһӡ
С˹ʺˣȻʦ£ҴϾȻԸҵҪػǰˣҲҶһֵص˵
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²˼Ҷ֣һ仰£СûˣǼȻͺúǡ
ǣôϻǰû볤ͽû뵽ôߵĴ֪ĻҲ볤ΪʦˣɽڻûʽʦġһЦ
ǼҰֵ㣬ﲻҪ˵λǱλߵģǲ𣿡ʱֵصӶӳɫһ壬⼸˵һ䡣
ԣ׷װԵͷٲҶ˵ʲô

緢ı仯Ҷɲ֪˿̣ڷռ֮Ҷɽһѻ౦
Ҳ֪ҶɶԴ˹ԺܸߣΪʥħԭ˵ǰٶȻĹҶֻ˲ʱ䣬һɹ
һʵûʲôô˷ʱûʲôֻǿԪһͬҶҵ˷ţڻͨ
ΨһһôҶɸоһЩϸ΢ĸı䣬ƺЩǿĸоֻǲԣǿȣҶɵǣֱԺԲơ
Ǵ;޷ͣסǰҶͷˣװ˷ʱ䣬Լûʲôô
ڼϿһԪֶʵֱӣϾռõĹһֱܶȽϲġ
⻰ǱɽڵҪѪɣɽڵӣһ㣬ûиʮʱ䣬붼룬ʱҲûС
ҶһգԺӡԪ֮ظֳһ߲ţʱ¶֮⣬ʱЩɻӡ
ֱºҶ˫Ŀһоһ¶֮ɫ˼֮©֮󣬱ǵһһŹֵӡһ
Ҳ֪˶ãâһбһ֮һȭͷСиֶ仺ɢһɹɹĿռ䲨


460 ٷý
ʱһΣҶɽڣǹȥ֮ãҶҲͷٵʱ䣬Ҳֻʣ˶ʮѡ
ʱ䣬Դ¼֮ҶһҲû߶ʼľŲ
ҶɵȴɽڴķзȫڸɽһЩĵӣһЩ׿ԽǰĵӣƺҲûҶɵ
һҶȻΪɽڸӵ̸ʣҲ⵽˲ٵӵۺͶʼɣֻǰĵ˵֮ҲֻһЦ֮·ûһ㡣
Ȼۺۺ죬ȴûһ˸Ҷɵס鷳вٵǰͽᣬҪҶһ棬ֻǱֵص
һգֵصһػľһֱޱȵĴȻŻһҶɵӰǰ
Ҷʦܣϲأ
Ҷʦܣ
ֵصӼҶɳأæЦ˵һϤӣޱȣһĻҶ΢΢һ㶣Щ̫ϰߵӣ΢һ룬ҲԵɡ
ףҶʦܴﵽ˻Ӥ۷壿ʱӳ¶֮ɫʵû뵽̶ڣҶɵΪȻ֮졣
оԼЩʧ̬һЦ漴һһöɫƳУϿ̻ɫ޷壬ȥ˵ӡ
Ҷʦܣ⣬ϷԸֻҪһأͽɽںĵƽ㣬˵㲻ɽڵˣȻʦĵӣҲʦֵܵġ
ƽ㣬Ժɽڣ£Ҳ㷽һЩĵƣǵĴһģٺ٣˵꣬ǽƵݵҶɵС
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ŶǱлˣҲ鷳ʦ֣ԼλʦˡҶ΢΢һЦż˵
ҶʦܿˣҵﻹһֵأǿѡԸҲǵ밲ٺ١һ˵˵
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Ҷüͷһ壬˼ĵ˵ͷЦҲã鷳λʦˣʦܻЩ飬ȸˣԱϣҶɱɽɽȥ
ãۼҶɵıӰʧһһ֣ҡͷԵ˵Ҳ֪ʦСӶٺôӲڽΪ˳۷塣
ҵȿޣûиĹ⾰Դﵽȵزһʦǲһ
ꣿߣʣҲδܴﵽŪ˵е鵤ߺ޹ǵʥӿΪһ겻м˵
㿴˿ˣɫһĵŸҵȷַľԪЧҲǲ˵ȲʥһЩͨҩȴǿ˲ٵġ
ǿЩĴ޶ɢޣʱ΢õĵҩŪҪĴ٣ϰӣһľԪ¶ƴᡣ
ԣҲ֪ˣܱЩɢ޺һЩɼǿܶģɢһʱ㲻ˣҲڱ֮У
ԣʼ磬ƺ̫˽ɢ޵һνӣȥϰְеġ

ĸºǸ
һɫݹԸ߿ճӹȴδͣŽǷ˹ȥǸȥۻҵҶɡ
һöɫʯȥͨͨЩֲڣǰҶöʯһλָ
оãҶҲûȻȴǶʯӸȤʵ޼ƿʩŽʯרĸ·
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˴һߴ㽨ȥƻֺ꣬ϴҶǰͬſڴû̫ػֻһӤߣԼʿ
Ҷ˵֮󣬻Ӥ߱üͷһ壬ڵλѣỹҪУĵȴ
Ŷ֪ͨһ¹֮ˣһҪ̸鷳ˣҶ΢΢һЦ˵漴վľԭſڡ
ҶɵĻ΢΢˵ͷȻǲμᣬȻҵкһ֮󣬱ת˽֮ڡ
ԼôһĹߴӽ˳ڵλѾõˣ¹Ѿڴ֮У룡Աϣһơ
ԣҶɾٲ̤ʧſڡ
һţֲԶһ꣬ȥʮӣһӤڵʿһľ֮ϡ
˵ʲôף΢Цȴһ˿ɫĿҶɡ
һӣҶ˻Ķ棬ֵµѣҲתĨǣ֪󷻵ۻңǷϣ
Ŷۻңȷһֱûг۳ȥģôѶԴȤˣ֪γƺӡЩһ䡣
ҶɣȷҪǿۻҵģ֪ӵܷ£ҶֱӵʵҲǰϲҿûг۳ȥһ˲˵ؼǴʵѰҡ
ǺǣĳȻģȻҶҪ֪Ҷܸʲôļ۸񣿡һĨ⣬ȥޱȵӡ
Ƭ̣ҶЦЦµѣҶĳֲûľԭ꣬Ҳһֱûгۣؼ۸ҲЩһЩϵ
ÿε׼ۣʯѵµѣ߳۸۸Ҷĳɣ
ҶѿȷǳͣԼۻ˽⣬˵һĻ¿ǲֹ۸ģٺ٣˵껰ҶûעʱָһһöɫϢһ飡


461 ɱ
Ŷӵѵ˼ʯĻϼӼۣҶüͷһʵ
ԣЦЦڵǺǣȻҶѾ޷ܣҲԵȵ´Ĵġ
Ƭ̣ҶЦӵѵǺܻ⣬յѵ˼ۻҴټ۸۲
ʮ򣡡΢΢һЦ˵
ɽҶȻ÷ϻ˵ѶһЩʵڲڴ˵˷ʱ䡣
ӼҶˬĴӦ΢΢һ㶣漴ڵҶѿǺˣ
ôѵӵѻӼ۲ɣҶɲͷ˵
ǺǣôᣬãҶѿԹۻңϾﲻϷϣҲҪһ¡˵˵
Ҷ˫ĿһУ˼ȻˣҶĳݻᣬǣ˵껰Ҷɱ뿪ľԭڸһջϢ
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ڶһ磬Ҷٴľԭ˳ۻң˵۸ЩƫߣڻܹܣûҪΪʮʯʱ䡣
뿪ľԭ֮Ҷɱ뿪˽ǣͨӸ֮󣬱ǻһƿնȥ
һյ蹦ڼٷɶݵҶɺȻüһ漴ͣסΣһĵλһֱ£ʲô飿
һ뿪ǣǸоɲϢһֻ˸ԼҶʶ֮׵ķˡ
Ҷ˵껰ʱ丽һģɫӰֶǻӤڵΪһ꣬ҶһӤ۷Ĵڡ
Сӣ죬޷뿪ˣȻܹʶηȷӡЩ˵ҶɰΧ
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ϴߣôˣںˣҪ˺ŪȥɣնɱҺ֮˵ʱ򣬿뵽˵
ңǺң벻Ȼ׷˽ǣҶĳǺ棬ô֪ڴ˵صģҶɲûʲô֮ɫһ޿ֵӡ
ٺ٣⸽ǳأĿǰǺ֮ѲӣΪ㣬뱻ˣڽ̸̳Ѳӵˡ
Ҫ䲢ѣһЩѾǺͨһ֣֪ͨǡȻ֮ɫ
Ŷ˵֪ͨǵģҶֻһ˼ǲ³߰˰ˡ
Ȼ֮ɫЦٺ٣Сӵǲ֪ҲˣߣǱ˶֣
֣¾ţסҶĳҶ̬˵
ٺ٣ԣΪ൱ͬڳҿܵõ˵껰Ǽһɫ޸ŻһܲСĶ鱦
ͬʱҲǷ׷׳֣Էųգ׼ֹӡ
Ҷɼ״һವһһڳֶɫȥɭɭӡ
ǣд֮ˣ˾ȣֻڽ֮Ϲϼһһֶȥͷ˫ǣһϢȻӽ˻Ӥʿ
ǣ飿Ȼн飿Щӣͣжһ̣Ǽϯźɫһ˹ȥ
ţһֻǰһһӲӵĿܳǰɢӴѹȻҲпȻӤʿܡ
ɫ˫Ŀһǻӳһȭһѵ굱ɫһ䣬ʵڲӲʹֿ
صһ졣
ɫһȭ˶Է֮ϣŵŵŵĵ֮࣬ȭͷѿ˼Ѻۣ漴ϼתǻָ
ˢһɫܹϼһʢǺηٴγȥЩΣֻܶԶƱʵڲÿܽӽֺ
ǽɫ˵ܲСϾǻһ˵˺Էȴȵסꡣ
صһɫײһζ
һ߶ﻯһ⣬һնȥɫ΢䣬ӿɫ˿ʵӡ
˵ȥƲСϾûдﵽӤ֮ÿζڽֿܵı﹥ȥһæҵӣƺʱᱻһ㡣
ᦽ㣬ôʵҶɿ˿飬üͷһ˵
æҵĵֵס˶Էһ漴³ϯ꣬һҪڵӣֻϧһ׵ض˹ȥ
ǣˣЩᦲúٴν׵ģ˿ְɣ±һɢˣԺ޷ˡЩŵ˵
ԣҶȴǲûż֮ɫ˵ذɣһʱƬ̣ûʲôġ
ôǷţҶδһۣЦеضŻ˵
仯̫ϣû뵽˾ȻȻӤڵİ֣Լõϣûļء
ã˵һбǻɱ˺ңҿԼҲǶ֣Ϊ˵꣬ȻݹһһҪûߵӡ
Ȼоռ䲨һܺȻȻɫĹϼһſ壬ȻֻСɫԲֱŲͬɫ
ħӻ
𾪵ǣױɢѹȫԽ˶鱦ⲻɵһһ֮ɫ
ͨͨ鱦ЩʵڲԼʲôɫһʵ̫ϣͨɢ޿õóġ
ٺ٣Ҷĳ˷أպֵģȻţͲҪˡҶɻ䣬Զӻһȥ
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ɫϼһʢԲǣ̼仯ΪֻСԲҽУɿת
굱ɫ䣬ֻܿһɫĻԼоǻ꣬ʹŻɫ޸ڵֿʲô
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һ촫˳ţһҽУɫϼԽԽʢҽԽԽ
ʱҶɵĶͷһâԼ俴һɫСٶޱȣתۼʧ
սĻ꣬һ߹ź飬һ𾪵ĿűɫĻΧĻ꣬׼ųûߡ
Ȼֻۼâһûü۵һû˶ͷ֮ڣ䵱ɫһף˲ֹͣ˶ԺĹ
ɫŤ˫ֱͷĺϹ£Ҳ
৵һһƬɫϼԼ俴ڽɫɽУ˲䴩͸塣
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صһ
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462 ת
СӣҺ֮˹ȥʲôָʹɫĿҶɣͳһ䡣
ӤڵӣǴӤڣһӤڵŮӣҶɰΧ
״Ҷüͷһ壬֮ɫ
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棬ǶСӸղնɱˣһܷŹʱҴĻ꣬Ȼ˵һ䡣
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߻䣬Ӱ˰֣ûжֵ˼⼸ɫһ׼ֹҶɵӣһӵӡ
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Ȼûϵ£˵˴öЩ壬ȴǲûϷҶɵ˼¶˼֮ɫ
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Ҷɣɽǿ¡Ҷɰ˿оöȷʵЩã˶ˣĻӤϹ֣Լûһ˿ʤ㡣
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ˣȻĵӣ״˵ǰͽܡ˼֮ɫ˵˵һ䡣
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ʱӿ˿ߣڵɵѣȻɽںĵӣĳ޷ˣҿҲ÷ɡ
ԣɵһƬ̣ߣХǺͿҵȽ׼ɱΪȥŵʦֵǰˣ
⣡Хɫһɫ任ͣ
ֵѷģ޹أҶĳȻ鷳ġҶ˵껰˳ֽɫ
Цֻƾһ仰ҵţ˵ĵӣҵȼϲò˵ĺԸǿǱͽܻҪһȥǿ¶к³溮˵
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ֵѷģϷʱæûд֣ԲִæһôԲٸġ
˵ϷնɱӣЩŹ֣Ϊ˳ȡȫЭϷģҲòλֵġɿ˿Ҷɣɫ˵
Ŷ˵̸ҶЩ֮⣬ֲ֮죬Ȼǽ˴ϵǣ˳ԴǰΧԼ
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ͨ鱦ᦣҶɼ״һϲ漴кڽһâ΢΢ƺЩ˷ܵӣ漴ǰ
ವһϽâһɫܳҶɵǰ˿̣ԲʮɵɫҶɸо˻ܲСӡ
ӤϹڳҶɻûԴԻӤڵʵڶԿһڵĴڣԼڣаһûߡ
ԼڵʵӵĻᶼûУӤһС磬ɲǰʵ࣬ңԷ˻ԼС磬Ǿ޷սʤĴڡ
ۼ޷ߣҶɱһᣬǿöǳУҪʱֻһͬĻص˴Ƭա
ôĵӣǿĵӣҲҶ֣ߣҲ֪ںδãԶ߲ųһݹ⣬ģ֮£ǳϿգһӸµӣһƸ˵սľ
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ʦҶɿǿҲ΢΢һ㶣֪ڴ˴ЩȻ֮ɫҿûн飬ʱװ˷ôһᡣ
ԣǿ˿·ˣ漴ĿҶɵϣüͷһĵôܳˣΪβаĵҩù𣿡
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷڵһ㣬ҩþҲûн׵Ӥڣ˷Ǵ㹺ۻң뱻ֳΧ
ۻң˭дóϾƹɫһ壬·˵ȥȫһĿ
ҵȲûдǰ
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ʦۻҵѾˣƺڵǵϱҶɻ䣬ɵɫһ䡣
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ϼһ˭棬˺ɣʱüͷһ˵
žһĶ⣬ֱðǣһãȻӡ
ǰ֮ʱҲſ̤ţöǰ񡣡ɴһ⣬˵
ǰĳܽ޷£˷ҶһᣬϷֻһͨ鱦ǰ顣Щ˵
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463 ˷ܵĺ
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Ƭ̣һҧݺݵؿ˿Ҷɣ漴ڵǰȻ˴˼͸ǰҲ޷ϷֻһҪ󡣡
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ԣҶ΢΢һ㶣ҲһȻ֮ɫǿƬ̣ҶɵԼɡ
һתҶɵЩ֪Ϲﵽ׿Լˣ漴ڵ˵˵֪㿴ʲôˣ
ϲɫһڵҼҺ֯ħж֮ʱϵõһīɫʯӦϡ
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⡣˼Ƭֳ̣һΣһֻУ漴ӸҶɣҿڵҶѣ˷ᣬҶѸ̧֣Źĳ
Ҷɼ״ʶŴһɨ漴¶Ȼ֮ɫû뵽ֱֳʲСó˶Ĳʯ͸Լ
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ԣҶ΢΢˵ͷԼ˵ҲѰ༸ֲϣ϶ûʲôϢڼΪʵǹؼ
֮ǰû㹻ԴҶ鵤ٴαչҶɻЩٴν׵ġ
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˵ָо΢Ҷɵʶ֮֮ǿԷ֣ҶɱЩԾز²ĪϾƹˣ
ĻԸ񣬲һŹЩˣȻҲֻҶɵĲ²⣬䵹ǴûжʣϾƹҲûж˵һ·û˵ʲôʱ䣬صɽڡ
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Щţ֮ǰúʵкôΪʦЩȻȥˣʲô֪ͨұáϾƹ˵꣬ǽҶһֻҶɴ𻰣ǼҴҵȥ
ҶŴ˿ϾƹıӰ¶˼֮ɫѲʦ˼ңΪԼŪЩ鵤˶սЩˣ
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飬ͨ鱦佻㻹Щ޷һԺͱָٸѰҴ౦ˡҶЩ۵˵
ǣ˷ģ˴˱һܹ׵ģԺӤڵֵˣԼͿԽˡһתæ˷ܵ˵漴Ż˹ȥ
Ƭ̺Ҷɲ飬һһöУ˫Ŀһ֮£ǲǧնĲ֮

ɽڣ֮ڣ
߶һľ֮ϣһ裬дż֮ɫ
·ŴʮӰǻӤΪɫ֣أҲ̸֪ʲô׷׿Ӧ
һ۵ӣƤԺڣȥͨͨһȣһӤ۷Ĵڡ
һԲһ̸ֱȥͬСһ㣬ϾԻӤԲϹЩΪ͵ģǻӤڡ
˿ȴǴһ˿ڴ֮ɫƺûаСƵ˼ˣɽںĵ֮һԬҰ
Ͽ˿ԬҰ΢΢һЦڵԬҰΪ٣ҲѹΪƳ˽״Բʱ䣬ͽ״Բ֮ˡ
ԣ˷ҪʧһҪ˷Žͼѹ
ԬҰżλϺ񰮣ң߾ȫԬҰ˿ϣɫһ˵
˷Ҳֻһ׼ĺֶѣһ֮δɶӤ޷ĻЩŬҲǸ֮ˣԱϣ̾Ϣһ
ԣԬҰɫ䣬ͷףһԽ޷룬ҲǺԹԡ
ţԬҰԣλĿõģǿԽĻӣȷõѡ񡣡һͷЦǿԬҰӡ
лϸ˴ӣҲӰΪɽڳġԬҰ˵꣬¶ᶨ֮ɫ


464 
ɽڣľĳ侲ڣ
һֻӲӵĿգϼȥȫӣһ˽Ӳӵĳǹ
ʱһС棬ʵʰİνâ·һƥſһնȥ
ֻ˫Ŀâһֳֳǹǰһӣһâײǵâ֮ϡ
һ̣ǿܲСĽâȻֽͬѶ潣âδͣٷֺ˺â֮۵һն˽ɫ֮ܵϡ
ৡ
һ죬潣âԿܼӲ֮һնɫһնϣеĳǹҲδֵֺܵ
ǵ潣âܣܱǸһɫ֣ںȻһ֮ҲǱ潣âıѶ
ʱԶҶɺȻɫһ䣬æִ̧һܹϼһǽ֮ϸֳһööɫġ
صһ
潣âնϣɫĵ籬ѶŴĿϼһ֮潣âҲ֮ľܣȻһɢ
״ҶЩ԰׵ϣ˿
ҺľǿᣬĻһҪľˣǧնĲܣȻҪеǿ࣬ΪĴ󶥼֮ͨһҶ֮ɫ˵
˷ǧնҶɾ˰֮ãղʩչҲûжȫˣҶҲоķɫҲЩס
Ҷɵһ㣬ǽɫâתˮĵ̼䣬Ͽڱǻָ
һң֮Ҷɵһһֻƿֻƿö޹ǳǰ
ֻʣ˲ʮĹҪ٣ҶɲòץΪӤڣһЩʵ
Ƭ̣Ҷ˫ĿһգǴϢ׼ȵһϢ״̬ڿʼӤڵƿ

磬ɽ
Ƭ򣬴ĹĵشȴǲһҲûһ˵ء
ഫϽʹ磬ɽ֣Ҳ֪Ǽ٣Ҳ֪ʹΪλڴ˵ؽ٣ֻܹһ˵Ͼ˴δ˴ʹ١
ˣɽУһ޶֮ءڴ˵ģʿټһЩӤϹ֣ʵǿ֮
ɽģһƬһ޼ʵɽҲСƽԭɢԽĳǳء
˵Ĺ֮ˣɽгǳ֪ιʣĴûôЩɢɽ
۵һĹϽɽֱµֱµ޹ԪֱµĴԪ۹ԼϵɹֱµĹս
Ϊɽԭ򣬽Ĺ㴦ĸ뿪Ҳˣɽ֮вʿ޹ޣɽҲǻķˮ
ɽĲ֣ش֮أҲֹֻǵ飬˵ʳǵۻʶй涨ǳǳس֡
ഫЩĴ´ˣĹһֱҲల£Ͼĳ̶ֳʳǵһۻʣҪɽֳȻֻȴٲȹ£иĵۻִ֡
ǰɽ˲̫࣬ΪûκιҲûĸǳʵڶɢ֮ìƽ⣬һ淨򣬽ʵ˵ڽϱɱˣҲ
ˣԭͺ֪ɽ͸ûжʿפˣ˭ҲԼһƶȹĵط˵СͰװ͵
Щɽ֮Уƺ˲Сı仯ɢҲԽԽ࣬ɱ˶ᱦżʣʹһЩʵµʿջֲ̿Խӽ
˵Щרʾ沼һЩʵ׵ĽٷϹ˵ٷԽԽ١
ҲǱԽԽµǲĴڣҲ֪߻ӵĵطΪλȻðİףʵǿ
ԣɽһŵ꣬һӤϹȦףݵԶӤϹִٵ£Ȼ
ЦǣлӤ뻯Ӥڵȫ䣬ս׻ӤڲõңˣȴֻԪӤҽ´ʵʹºšħ
޳ǣɽΪĳǳ֮һģǰ֮УҲ˳ʿڶࡣ
һգ޳ĳ¥ڣһŻۣòֿüЩ֮ӣһľԣϰ˼Сˣһơ
һֻյˣȥЩŵӣ֮ȴû˭Ǵꡣ
Ϊ侹ȻһӤ۷ʿΪɽԭټһʱ䣬ȴ㲻ʲôϡ档
Զһ׷ߣһ꣬ǻӤΪƷƣʱʱɨһۣСֹʲô
ѣ㿴ǻɲµǺˣ׷߿˿꣬˫ĿһеЦЦ
ԣһҡžƺϣΪ¶Ŀĳû´Ļ˾ң˿еķħ
ٺ٣ƾһ֮Ӥ֣µǣնɱˣҹһڣֻΪܹ´ȥһЩȥ鷳
ңʵˣҲûȥ鷳ı£˿ħɲ裬Ļµˡ
ٺ٣ϷһħǸ֮ʵڲǡ߿˿ЩŵĻ꣬˵ʲôȻ˫Ŀһ
ʱƹںȻһǿϢһڼ״󺺺ֱײĴƹݣתĿ֮󣬷һЦ
ѣһ£˵껰ڼ״󺺱һֵ֣ĳŻ˹ȥ


465 
ɽľĳ侲ڣ
Ҷһ֮ϣŰɫΣɫƽޱȣһϢȣǴﵽ˻Ӥڵӡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻ˫ĿһбâϼǻָһϢҲ
벻˷ƿֻʱ䣬鵤ЧȷסҶЦЦ˵˵һ䡣
Ƭ̣Ҳ֪ж٣ûˣӦץʱȹһ磬һ¼ȷ˷㹻Ա֮
˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһգٴδϢɮ붨һ

Ԫ۹Ԫ֮ڣ
һߣһ֮ϣȥУһϢֲ˿ɽӦϣҲһӤԲʿ
ӤԲ뻯ӤʿǾһ޴ķˮ룬ʵ󣬲ڻӤڣ޷׵ԲһʿҲʤ
һͻƿﵽ˻ӤԲǾǰֻ̤ͨʵֱɱͨӤڵʿ
ڣ˻ߣʮӰƺʲôЩ˶Ի߼乧Ϊ۵ıǣüһѪɫ̣һֻ۾һ㡣
ˣԪϡ壡
Ͽ˿·ˣڵϴ˷չأ֪ˣڼһЩɢ֮ѾȥɽȺ
Ĵ˵иԵĴ󣬵ʱڿԸȥϾÿ䲢ر׼Щȥĺá
ԣһ˵ϣ½ϴʾˣӦʹﵽ˻Ӥ۷壬ûгأӦ׼һЩֵġ
ҲȫϣϣһƲδɶӤڴ˷޷ĻǴֲ
Ǻǣ⵹صģǻӤڣϷҲаţҴ˷ϷҲǰȥһԲҲɽĻҵҲգȻּȴǺСġ˵꣬˫Ŀһ⣡
ͬһĻ֮ͬʱţԶΪһ£ܹĵĳﱸʲô

һɽڴ͸ڣ
һڰæµʲôеڿٵŴϵʯеǿٴ
һһ޴ĴϣʮӰһģ֮£ʧӰ١
״ڶ˿һ漴Իصֵصλã͸Ҳǻָ˰
պ󣬴ݿɽĶʳϿա
һҰɴСӯӯľ޴ս˸߿մϲʱһɫƣԼװ嵽βŰֱֳ׿ܡ
Щܼ͵ģԲΪӤڵĿܣžŶʮߣȥ
սɢһӴѹһʵʵڵͨ鱦Ҳ֪ǺУǿƣ;˸ҵ
װϴʮӰΪ׵ģɽӦϣ˴󲿷ǵݣֻɽڳϡ
ЩΪ͵ģҲǻӤڵĴڣڴԣһۣƤڣͨ꣬ɫȻĿԶ
ԬҰʦ֣ʲôأ˳񣿡һöԬҰ
ԣԶջ˼ڵϣ¶һ˿΢Ц˿һɫȹӰ
Ҧʦãûʲô㿴ˡԬҰ˵·𲢲Ὣκ·һ㡣
ԣɫȹŮЦЦǰһ˿ЩĶ˵ӣһչ¶һ˿ǳЦ
ԬҰʦ֣òѹɣô˵ֻҪǾáҦŮӿ˿ԬҰ˵
ԬҰĵ˵ͷû˵ԶҲ֪ʲôҦҲûдţվһš
ϣ˶ˣ𣿡ʱһۣӣӦ˵һ䣬һӤ۷Ĵڡ
ԣһһڵŶûеɣǻһҶʦܡ𣿡⽫Ҷʦϵúܳ
ˣû¿ȥոԵĵ䴦ϢҪˣˡϿ˿ˣɫһ˵
ʱԶݹ⣬ģ֮£ǳ˼װ֮ϣ̼䣬˱Ǹоһɴ̱ǵľζ
ǿҶɣֻǿûпһۣԹԵĺžƣַŴ˫ĿĿԶ
Ҷɿ˿ϣ¶һ˿Ǹ⣬ڵϣ˼˷Щ鵢һ
Ǻǣ޷ǲһʱƬ̵ģˣԳˣϻ䣬ֻô΢΢һһƬĿâ󣬾޴սǻһ⣬Զȥ
Ҷֻսٶȼ죬ȴǼƽȣоһ˿յĸоսһɫ˸ѡ
ɽһ˵ȣսɽжȥģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭա

ɽᰳǣ
˳Ǽ޳ǴС࣬ƽʱ˵Ա࣬һЩ꣬ȴЩΪӣһЩΪµģֱڳ⿪˶
ĳֵ֮ϣһűɫȹڰɴӰһ̺ϣµĿʲôƷŮȻһӤ۷Ĵڡ
ٺ٣үߣҰЩ֡ʱŮһߴ꣬ҲһӤ۷ʿ
ӰΪ͵ҲǻӤΪһĿŮӣһӡ
״Ůü΢壬ƺҪŭ漴Զһźɫȹĳªεҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ȼ䣬Ϊ֮һһɫڿնǸߴ껹ûüô£ͱ󷽵Ŀֲһ̶
༸ӰЦȻֹæͷȥªԼɫʱ򣬵ɫ䡣
ʲôնɱ˫ɷǸ̫ţܣһ䣬ӰҪߣɫһڣżһ˶ȥ


466 ɳ
ɽӤڵʿڼٷɶţȥЩǱӣպ󣬶·һƬϿ֮ʱȻͣ
еѣֻһ׷ҵȲ˰ɣȽɵ֮ӽǳأһ࣬ҲҹȻ֡һɫһ˵
ԣҲ¶֮ɫڵȻҲûҪڲض㡣
ʱԶһݹ⼤һƤ׺ݵ׳ȥԲͷԵӡ
ôˣ˵
ٺ٣һʲô𣬲ǺͬȼһӤڣѵΪסǣ˵
ԣ׳һЦڵסǵᣬնɱ۵ĶҵǱߡ
䣬׳һ˻һƤ۴ѿ¶ë׵Ƥı
źâһ׳ȻΪһֻߴĺɫԳһ֮ȣҲ˲ٵӡ
ɫԳ˫ȭأһ֮£Ŷһ˶ȥ
ʲô嶥⹦䣿ɫһ䣬¶֮ɫϸ֮£Ǽֵ

ɽɳǣ
˳ɽĳǳأʿȴǲ࣬ȷʵŲٵʱڵʿҲǻӤ۷Ĵڡ
Ӥڵʿڳг֣ЩУ۰һֶǿ
˵ûĹ涨ɳǼǱĴռ죬ǳĴ򣬸û˵ռֺĴûˣҲȻǿŵġ
ˣ˳еɢ࣬һЩԳΪЩݵˣŻᵽɳǰ˵ȴǱǳذ٣ٳִ򶷡
һգɳſڴһߣЩݣȥ᾵ӣڳ˳
ôһͷ֮˸һȴЫɫһ䣬׷˿ʮԶҽӽֺ
ǼӤھһʿҲҿߣվڳſڣһСյشˡ
ƺϰָоҲûʲôһṦԶһݹ⣬һ꣬ԡ
ʦ𣡡곤üĿ㣬ȥ·ӣ֮ˣȴǲС
ţˣȽеȴɣ˵껰߸ҪǣȻȻüһͷԶЩԣĿȥ
ʱֻһ֮
ţԶ߳һҾ޴ɫսٶ֮죬ģ֮£ǽӽ˳ſڡ
״ɫһɽڵˣԱϣһӣһâһ֮£Եĺ꣬һ̣˵Σ˳ſһԡ
ˢһ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫͣ˳ſڣһ۵Ӱʮ˵ӣһɫӤΪһĵӤԲϢ
Ǻǣɽѣ˷۵һߣ俴Զ֮ЦеĴһкˣɽӦϡ
ҶɵӰȻҲУֻһֻϾƹԣǿ֮ЩȻ֮ɫ
ɽĺ߿ǿһĨ⣬漴ʧһЦݺ󣬶Ӧϵ˵ͷ
Ӧѣǧ겻ɣϷ˵꣬ɨɨɽһɵӣ¶˼֮ɫ
ɽѹˣ뵱ҵȴ֮ʱݺɽѵǻϷ֮ϵġӦս
ԣλӲɵö࿴۵ͷǰûмˣӦһֱչصϹˣԼһֵ
ٺ٣˵Ϸǲģһٶ껯ӤɽŽӰˣΪɽڶùһö
һ֮ԪأƴصɽڴϢȥɽһСʧ
Ǳķʿ֮ͬв֣ŴΪɽսٺ٣ֻǿϧ䵽ز̾Ϣ˵漴ҡҡͷһϧӡ
Ҷɸһ˵ǿ¼һϤȷڿʦҶɻΪǿĶѡ
һ仰һڣҶôһڿζɵЩɻ֮ɫ˿ߡ
ӦɫҲΣ˰˰֣漴ߴ˸ųȥ
ǿ·֮ʱ촽΢Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶؿǺߵɫһ䣬¶һֺŭɫ
״ǿ΢΢һЦʼ֮ƺ͹ڣųȥߵ顣
ڶɢޣû˸Ҳʲô׷׶ԶһУֱɽڵʧ֮˲˿

Ӧһɽ˸һǳزãһϵǴ˳˵һŻ۵ߣͷϴһѪɫ̡
ǺǣԭǲѣϾûн٣ڻģҹƣɹŵ˿»ûءӦϵͷЦ
ĻߣԪϣֻûӣɳǣҰźס
ףǿҲˣϷⰡô˷ȥһβɣ忴˿ǿ΢Ц˵
ԣǿһߣڵɽԪһڶΣ£Ϸ֡
㡣ɫȻһ䣬Ƭ̺ȴǷһЦͷһεǲ٣ֻϧûϣҲֻǰ׷ѡ
ϴ٣Ϊߣ˽ĻᣬֽΪ˴Բ֮
ĻԪʣ޼˰ɣˣҿҲֻʣ˲İԪѣźúϰˡ


467 
Ҫ֣ǿɫһ˿塣
ΪϷ㣿ԡ
״Ӧͷ۵İ˰֣ڵλûн٣ǻ԰꣬ñһЩСЦ
ԣһһ˦תԶȥ
Ҳ߰ɣϲһƬ򣬶ɽڵģĴһȣԪɹţӦÿζסҲࡣӦ˵껰Ǵˣųϲ˹ȥ

պ˶ǰɳϲ༸֮Уֱסɽڵˣſڴ˼ֵصĵӡ
Ҷһ侲֮ڣЩ˶ǿӵӣǿʱҲԶ϶ǵ˲ˡ
˵ЩԼûʲôֱӵĹϵΪӣܰæȻҪһֻϧĿǰԼû
һ㣬ҶɱЩģЩǿû취᲻Լ鷳Ժ£СһЩΪ
ĵӵݣЩ˵ȷܹãǺߺɽԼԪϲ壬Լ˼ǰֱǸЦһ㡣
һУҪʵ˵
취ʵҲһСĻԵҶɵ˵
ĺ˺ɵͨ鱦ᦣڻָ˻Ӥڵʵһսڽɫ֮ϣһӤڵʿǶ֡
ӤڵʿҲһս֮ڻӤϹֵǰ֧̫ãɫܾ͸Ӳֵһˣֵܹܵһ
ҶɷһˣǽԬҰʵֲΪ˵͵ǻӤ۷Ĵڣ¾Բ
һЩɢ֮У˵ҲһЩֵͱĺ㣬һʵԲһЩĺĵӡ
Ҳ֪˷ܷ㣬񾿾ﵽʲôΪֻǼǵԼǸսûõʱǺǴﵽԲѰһӤ꣬ǴһõӤΪԼ֮ϵġ
ڶ֮лˮ㣬Ȼû̫ĿܣֻǾˣҶҡͷ̾Ϣһ
º󣬾ɳڴ˶ʮӰЩ˸˸Ҵһ˿ϢһЩƤ۵ʿ
Ϊ׵ģһݸߵӣһɢֲĲ˿Ӧ벽ˡ
Ŷˣ겻һϢ˲ٰʱǰȻһߣӦϡ
ٺ٣ӦѣѼȻڳΪλģݸЦЦĳĳտһۡ
ǺǣѣЦˡʱӰһֶ
ôֻжλɹŵ˻ûеݸ꣬˵һ䡣
һ޹ȵޣϿʿûʲôʵһЩ޻κû
ȴϣ˵䱾һߣʵ൱ֲһŽɫ۵ˣȥʮӣЩȤĴӦ벽ˡ
ףǹ塮桯յӰɣ˵Ϊɢ֮ʱһһȺնɱͬף˱濴ءӦϿ˿ɫ꣬΢Ц˵һ䡣
ӦǰǰŽɫ۵̬˵һ䡣
ţǺǣӲгһգᳬԽЩϼһǺǣЦЦ
ԳƱ꿴ȥǿ׳Ƥһ˿֮ɫʲôЩȤӣʼһЦеɫ
Ȼ˫ĿһУתĿԶվһ꣬ȥɫЩ̬ķףһϢȴǼֲҲһӤڵʿ
ĿԣʱâһͽȻһʢƺµӣⲻö˽¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
Ԫ˷֮ˣ½ϡԱϣһתڵϣʶһ¼λǰ
ǰӦǰһ̬֮ɫ꣬ԣŶɫһĴ˸к
ףԪǸ½ϣ仯Ӥ׽ԶʤˣЩ£յֿ˹ȥɢһǣһ˿ɫ˵˵
ԣ½Щ̬İɫϣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڵЩˣʵֿ׽ٳʵʿûʲôġ
ãꡣ츧һЦ˿½һۡ
̸ʱ½ϺȻһ޵ʶɨԼüͷһ壬ȻԶһſڣ֪ʱĳһۣƤڣòͨӡ
ͬһʯͷһ㣬Ϣ˺ע⵽ֵϢһĻɵ½һȴµӡ
½һģбƺֻǿһۣƺûзĴڡ
ף˾УǺһӵԬҰɣٺ٣һϢı£ʵ˿£Ǻˣ´ɱ֮һ㡣ʱ쿴˿꣬˼˵
ǺǣԬҰλǰӦһ˵ƺЩȻ֮ɫ
ԣһģ֮£ǳӦԣȥɫ䣬һǫĵǰǰλǰһ·ࡣ
Ǻǣúúã˵֮ʱǺһӣʮɢΧ֮£˳ȥĲһϢ֮ʵҲͬǿᡣЩȤ˵
½϶ˣȻԬҰİһЩ¼Ҳ֪һЩ첢ûǰ
ǰ佱ˣϴǽҼһϢһֱܣʲôġԬҰ˵껰Ŀ˱һۡ


468 ķ
ҶھڣҲı仯ĬĬرĿţʱҶһֱδ
ΪҶŲ˵ĲսµڶгɣҲһЩĺô
һܽԪںһͬҸһЩǿڶ㣬Ǹڣ䵤;ͬ׸ۺ
˵񲻻رԣЩЧҶһ˿ʵĻҲŹϾڸƣһͿ͵
΢΢ʵҶҲԸȥ˽˷ʱ䣬һĵٺãҲΪĳﷴĿ֡
䵥ŷŵɫϼɮ붨һһĬĬɽڹ

º󣬾ɳǣ
ſڣһվڸϿ˿ȴɢһļµɷȥ˸ҽӽֺӡ
ԶʿԶԶλӤߣƺڵһ㣬ȻҾסھɳǣȻǵ֮
һṦԶһƿ֮һɫӰֶòһӣһϢȴ߲¡
ѣõˣǺǣһͣסݹ⣬ǳ߹˹֡
ԣһЦҡͷ޷ûн٣˷ҵһҪȡĵشѣȥ̸
΢΢һЦڴӦȻüͷһ壬תĿԶ
ವһһݹԶģ֮£ǳ˶˸һŰ£ͷ׷ȴһӤĹߡ
ǬϹ֣ͬʱһЩ˵Ŀͯϡ
ôϷкδСֵģͯһ죬û˵˼˾ɳǡ
Ƭ̺üͷһ壬ڵ˽׻Ӥ۷꣬ѵһֱѹΪ͵Ŵ˷٣
пܣ˿ҵ֣ҲҪСˣ˵Ϲ￴ҵͬףһʵҵܹġ˵껰һųȥ

պ½ΪӰ뵽˾ɳڣʵ΢һʿֻ۰Ͱ͵濪ٶ
ȻҲһЩϹԸɳǣǴڳ⣬Ȼ˸ǵĽɫ
ھɳԶһʱԲʮز˽ӽһòªһͯСӰ˵档
˵Ļ㾪ˣ˲ǣͷ­Աһ˴˲٣ټϵͰģһ٪ӡ
ˣԶڶʿҲҶ࿴һۣҳЦʲôż͵һۣҲ¶֮ɫ
ˣഫԲбʵֲɽͯӣһӤ۷ʿһˣɱͬʿڴԲ»ӹ
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ʱһ򲻶ɫɽͯ˫ĿһԶߣƺһä˲ӡ
ûãֻһ̶ĺ֮һͨ崿׾ӨսԶģ֮£ͣ˳ſڸ
ϼһʮൽɫӰսϼȥһɷǣȾӣһ׷ս˽뵽˳ڡ
ˣԶԶĶ˿±ǣӣ˷Ĵ֮һġɹţ
׷һüĿ֮ɫȥͰʮӰһУüһ漴ЦЦ
ǺǣλѣȻǱϷһ겻λѱ׷˵ͬʱͣ˽Ų
ƺûзʲôһʮͷòİ꣬ȴһеĳԶ˿
ͬһʱ䣬λãֱϼһֳӰɽӦϣԪϣԼϡ
Ǻǣѱҵȳһ꣬ѵͲ¸ϲ٣һ۵߲΢΢һЦڵ
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ѣҵȿЩûԺ󰲶ٺõӣҵȿҪúģǺǡһ۵Ӧϣ˵
ȻϷҲλѵģԺҵȶҪ̸һߵһۺ룬Ц˵
ѣ֪˷֮Уɹź˴ӣ쿴˿ڶӰ˼һ䡣
Ǻǣ棬㼸λǰͷһЦ˵һ䡣
ԣǰòİ˵ͷȥЩ֮߳Ⱥ˵׻棬λǰ֮˷ӡ
׻棿ǰǵû˴ŵģɹŰ׻죬ʲôˣЩɻʵ֮ǰɳĴͷӣǿɶԺգʵǿĴڣ֪ɹɳһ˴ӣһӤ۷Ϊʵǲ
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һṦ˱ʧ˴Ƭ򣬶ԶһŻһ۵Ӱֶɹʧķ¶˼֮ɫһžƺߣȥܲۡ


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˼״ɫһ䣬·֮ɫܣ˼һͨ˵漴ݹһ𣬱ǸԼߡ
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ĵ֮ϼ߽׵Ĵڣͬһʱ䣬֪˴˴
ֻϼһ漴ʧ˵Ӱ·δڴ˵سֹһ㣬ƾˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãд֮ϷգҲǱû谵ʱХ

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ĳ侲ڣҶĿţһЩʿ߶·ҶһϵҲûУҲʷֺ
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ҶɳŬ֮УȻüһϼһ˫Ŀ
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ҶɻɽУֻǴԵȺɨһۣǲզ࣬˵˻ûе룬˿̵һǧˣеģ²ǧ֮
ʱǿȻҶɽеһԣһӣһֶ˵ڡ
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ҪŮޣͱõԣǿʲô߽׵ͨ鱦ҲĪҪȥʲôͿܱȻ
˷Ϊʦܹ룬Ȼһжðˣ¼ʲԣƣܿܺʿҲԽ룬ⲻΣأʵ޷ᣬмԱΪأ𣿡˵껰ǿһ֣صĿ˿Ҷɡ


470 뷨֮
ףԲ³çµģҶɸܵǿĹУЩм˵
ˣϢɣŲ޷ģǿЩϤӣ˵껰ǳ磬͵ش
ҶɳƬ̣ҲǻصλȺȴǲûзϤӰ󣬽ĿԬҰϡ
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漴ֿһ۵°Ŀ֮Уѿȣһɫ۵ı֮ˣҶɸоһ˱ըǿʵ
ĿһתҶɿԪһ꣬һ̬֮ɫҲЩм䣬Ӧڵ֮ˣ½ϣ
ҶɽĿɹŷ΢΢Ƭ̣Ҷɷһһİ꣬ȥӣɹŰ׻档
Ҷɿ˵ʱ򣬻澹Ȼ˫Ŀһ·һ㣬Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬漴˫ĿҶ˫ĿһУ¶һ˼֮ɫ
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Ĵ֮в֮ˣһЩʵʿҶɷ׷׽˿һ飬ԼС
ĴҶɷɢ֮УҲżɼǿϢԶһЩҶ޷ӦеϢ
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ˣԼסɣĴϣͬʱķԸһɲǼ䣬ķ̼ŷȥҶȴǸǿûж
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ҶЩƶǶǿ漴˵ͷݹһ𣬱ǳɫĻ֮£ʧſڡ


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һƬɽϿգɳ裬һֻֻĻɫ۷䣬ܻɳƬգԼ俴һӰڽɱš
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ӰһſſͨĻɳˢ󣬱ǹϼ˼֣ƺʱѶӡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻصһ죬ⱬѶ۷ǵصǵӰǵӰֻüһҽУ˴˵ء

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ҶգɫȻĿǰһɫɵӰӾһ߿ܡ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷһ˦ವһһһϼһĺȻΪһͬĽɫܣԼһѺɫ
ɫܸһֻ֣۾Ǻâһ漴ǰ̤һһȭ˻ɫܣһ֮
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ףٺ٣һƵͦˣͲ֪ʵΡҶ΢ЦĿźɫţ治ʱĴһ֮

һƬػӿĻ磬һֻֻСĻɫɿ˫ᣬһɹˣһŽɫ۵ȥ
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һţǾǴĺĻΪλܻɱҲֻһûκƾ֤ĴŰˣϾ𶼲ִŵġ
˿ܵĳ𣬿һߣһ˦֮£ǳһֻӯӯС«ͷ֮ϡ
һֻһС«һתȻųĿâţһһ˿֮ľӨˮ飬ܼȥ
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ٺ٣߽ͨ鱦ܻǲ˿ܼټĳ𣬲ɵһ¶һɰȻ֮ɫ

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Ҷվڵ棬Σ⻬ޱȣȥӨ쳣ɫɢһɼ侫Ũʯ¶ɲ֮ɫ
ԶѻָΣΪһź۵̤ڽ˵мӢȷʵЩ̬ȴǱǰʵ࣬ȥǰãӽʵĴڡ
ɫ֪ܲȥ򣬵ҶɲԶȴһ߻ɫܵ˵棬ͷ­ɣǰһͷ­Ŀ
ϲˣ鼫Ʒʯ鿴˿ǰĴ󶴣ֿ˿Ҷ龧Өʯһ֮ɫ˵
ԣҶϲɫһ⻹Լ״μƷʯֻǿϼЩƺӡ
Ƭ̣Ҷɽ鼫Ʒʯ漴˿飬Цţ˵ҪҰæŽƷıֻԣҲ˷Ǽͨ鱦
ǣл˿佱˵չˣȻԽԽ˷ǵġϲɫһæ˵һ䡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷû飬ǽĿǾ߻ɫ֮ϣ¶˼֮ɫ
˾߿ܵȷѲʵȻӤڣҾȻӵһ˿ԣҷӳͨҲֻһ֣Ҫǣ߿ܲЩ⡣
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҷֻܾһ䣬һЩѣεĸо󣬷ԼȻһƬ̣ŨͤԶˮ֮
ǺǣʵòһȻ˹ȥҪǴ˵ʲô鷳Ҷ˵껰ڽݹ⣬ΪһķԶ


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ҳֵĵطڴ˵زԶĪҪˣЩӦͨɢޣδ˵ҵڴԪ۹˲Ÿ˶ִ١
ȵĵشǶһЩԺ֮˵ʶǣ˵ҶˣٵͲˣֻΧ˵ġ΢΢һЦ˵
Ǻǣ˵ĲǵΪЩС˵£ǿЩ·Ҫһĵش˸Ҵǣǿ¶һЩʵֲˡЦЦ
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ԣһУ¶һ˿Ц⣬漴˶ݹһ𣬱Զߣֻľʬɽ֮ϡ

һƬϿգһɫӰӹ֮䣬Ȼüһ·ĳһۡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮Уһֳһɫ޸һɫƹ֣֮Уһɫ޵ֲֻ꣬öҶмһöɫȭͷСĹʵ
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Ȼˣǵǲ˷ʱˣ飬ˣҶ˵껰ǲ漴ҡڵҶ˫ȥһ׼ȡӡ
СӣңӼ״ŭųֻҶǰһѺɫȻһųһɫ
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ţһźɫϯǽУ治ʱӵԼһ໹ֽ֮
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Ҷ׼ϷʱȻüһ˼Ƭ̺󣬼æһ˦Ȼϼವһû뵽˺ɫ֮С
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һӤڵʿһϢԼɢһɻӤΪ꣬ܲġ
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һĿϼ˸֮ȻΪһľ޴ȫŽɫëɢһɹɱըĿֲ
ߣһߣľ޴һ˻𣬾˶ȭͷԶӰ˺˹ȥ
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ţְɣĹ˵껰ٴγ˹ȥֻȻƾɵĽǰ˴

һƬԭϿգһɫӰ̤ڽĳȥƺĿĵһ㣬µʱɹΧ뵽ĵشҶɡ
ڼżʿЩʵֱӶ㿪ҶҲûֵ˼еһЩӤǿߣûҶɣֱӳĳߣЩżӡ
֮һӤڵʿҪ٣֪ιûж֣Ҳ룬ҶҲ鷳·
Ҷɵɵ¶֮ɫϴȥǾûüټϺֻԼڵõһֻܣһӵĴĿռЩˡ
߼˵ڲռ䲻СϾֻһ޵Ĵ洢ռѣЩϱռÿռ䲻СһڲռҲ޷װƷˡ
ǼֻĴһװҲ޷ͬʱ뵽һֻͬеģɿռ
˵濴ֻССĴһͬտĿռ䣬ϾڲʵĴ洢ռޣǿѹΪҲ޷ʱ˵ƭ֮˵۾ȴ޷ùӰεķ֮
һ޵Ĵ洢ռڣ洢Ʒһܿɿռ䲻ȣ洢ռֱӱκβϱֱ٣Ǳδ֪Ŀռ֮С
Ȼһ洢ռտװһѴд洢ռʵĿմǿģ˭Ҳĵ̶ֳȡ
һʿһֻԹãȻƷټϺƲϣпһźüֻˣټΪҲױ˶ϣͬʱҲ֤˼Ǵ׺֮
ˢһ
Ҷ˼֮ʣһɫӰҶǰɽһȥЩǱӣҶһ㶡
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ҶɵûԷƹ꣬ԶȥϾϹȥһͶһݻᡣ
ٺ٣λæҵͬпɺã䣬ݹһ𣬼ģ֮£ǳ˽̤ɽҶǰ
״Ҷüͷһ壬ЦͬУȻûµƣƺͬе˼
һᣬ´Ϳ뿪ĻǾֻˣպûطͳˡһߣЩмӡ
ţԵҶĳҶɷһ䣬ϴ֮ɫ
ߣսڵʿҲǰ˵Ҳãɫǲˡ䣬һӡ
ˢһ
һâһĺȻڰջΪһ˽Ӳӵĳǹһǹ΢΢һ
ţǵСһϽɫƣɢһӴѹ
ͨ鱦ҶЩ˵ȱɲһɢ޶ܹӵеģֲô˵ʮ㣬ЩݣһϢҲǱ֮ǰնɱǿ᲻١
ٺ٣˵ǵͽͨ鱦ɲЩ鱦ܱģ֮ǰ㲻ܣż·ֻսپˡ䣬ֻɫǹųĿâһģҶɼȥ
ߣҶɫһ壬һȻɫһĺȻΪֻͬɫԲ漴ųǹӭȥ
нͨ鱦һ㶣Ҷ˸߽ױǵ޾ɫȴһ˿˷ܣɫȴЩصӡ
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ˣɫǹҲǽâһ֧ӡ
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Щ𾪵ĿУҶ˫붯Ȼһģһķȥޱȵӡ
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һҽУɫһף˫ֱͷڰղ
ٺ٣ˣԭҶĳͱʶǿ󣬿ɲ˶ʶ飬һʶҶָһ˵꣬ºڽ΢΢һųɫ漴˹ȥС
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һöŲƷҶɵʣ¼ֻŷǱҶֻٵһЩ鱦Ҷɵû̫ں
мֺĲϣҶЩϲ֮⣬ʥħڶ֮
ĴҶЩ¿޷ȡƷˣҶɵһȡһֻմ֮󣬽Ʒת˽ֽĴԶʲôǣԪϳ
ҶҡһΣΪֻɵӣ漴ħӻ
нɫǹץУʶӡ漴һߣºڽ΢΢һҶԶȥ

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ʱԶȻһɫݹ⣬侭ֲϷ֮ʱƺҲӦ漴ͣ˶ݹ⡣
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ͬһʱ䣬ʿͣס๥űſĲ̬ȥǴŽ֮ɫ
ߣ״̬굥һ޽ֶŶ˱ȥһƶĤ졣
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475 ײǹ
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Ժ·ϣĶֿ϶ԽԽǿСΪҪǵˣҪ鷳
߰պҶ·һƬɽһֱʶţ˵ӾģһԷֱǰһЩǿĶ֡
˵ЩʵǿˣܲмҶڵĴڣ׼Щʵǿǿ־ֹ˲ǰܣƾҪ鷳ˡ
ףȻҶɶݹһͣü΢΢һ¶ɲ֮ɫ˼Ƭ֮󣬾ξںϺϢת
ҶɵӰЩģӣһϢޣϸ鿴֮£ºѷҶɵĴڡ
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476 
Ҧٵ̷˼ŵҩֳһ˿ĺΣһϢȷʵ˲٣ҲǻָһЩ
漴һ㣬һۺɫ΢΢һ𣬱īɫ䵶ֵȥŮ¶֮ɫĿ˿Ҷɡ
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ǵʶȻ˼ꣿȻļĹЧֻ䵱ʶΪ繻ߣˣвͬ
Ҷһߴ߶һʩչʥħīɫ䵶һļ֮ǰͬ׷ۺһЩھѷ֧ˡ
ȥҶһᣬԪޱǰ߶նһ֮һ۶ȥ


477 ͬ
Ҷɼȭīɫ䵶֮ϣնǿţϴ֮ɫĿźߡ
ʱ˫ĿһУһӿע뵽īɫ䵶֮ϣϹϼһǽħӻһξ룬ҶħҲһĵĵ˼
һ̣īɫ䵶ǵûնҶɣȻٵССĻɫשһģ֮£û֮ڡ
ݹһ𣬺߾ȻɴԶݶߣۿޱȵĶ٣Ҧֻܰ̾׷ߡ
ܹ׷ϣҦҲ׷˷һСѾʵңʵڲȥ׷ʲôһԷȫ׿ǵòʧ
ҶҲ˹ϵΪŪһ㶣֪ԷᵽնΣգǸоȥҲԻɱԼˣ뵢ʱȥ嶴
һҶɱǳȥ˱ΪŰ۵Σ漴ȴЩ԰֮ɫһϢ½ٵӡ
Ҧ֮ЩɫĿ˿ҶɣҲ֪ʲôҶɵȴ֮ǰͬƺһݾأԼһ˿־壬Լһ׽͸ζ
ʦϿǳˣҶ˼΢ЦĶǰʦ˵һ䡣
ҦᷢԼʧ̬һ죬漴û뵽ҶʦܾȻͨܽһӤ۷Ϲܣš
Ǻǣʦˣֻǲ˷ʱˣżȥ嶴ǺҶһܵģ˷סСѾҡҶЩϧ˵ȥЩ겻ѵӡ
ҦᱻҶϧļƶһЦҶʦܵǫ飬˵Ҳмֵû뵽˾ȻѹΪ˷ʦҪлҶʦˡ
ǺǣȻ±ʦῴʦ㱻۸ġҶν˵ʦֵܣҶҲ˵漴˷õһŮƺЩס
ʦ㣬˵᷵أǻǾ뿪ɣҶɫһ˵һ䣬Ҧ˼ĵ˵ͷ漴˶ݹһԶȥ

һƬǽɽϣԶԶӰһŽɫ۵֮꣬дһ˿â͸¶һҰ֮ɫ
ֻǴ˿̵ɫЩ԰ףһϢƯڵؿڴŴȥЩǱӡ
ԶһŻ۵꣬ҲЩǱ˵棬һҲɫԲ԰ס
˵ȥЩߣü͸¶һ֮⣬Ǵֿòŵɫ·ǳսһ㡣
һҲ֪ڴ˵˶ãתͷʱ򣬺ҲɫһսⰻȻĿŶԷ
Ŀԣȥãм֮УŨŨĻҩζ·һӡ
Ƭ̺üͷһ壬ڵﵢˣ
ңʼ
ԣоâһҡͷ»Ҫȥ죬˵ǻʱһϳ̣֪γƺȱ
ûº㣡˵껰վΣݹһ𣬱Զȥ
˻ĻԳƱһ㶣漴һЦȤĿ˿ʧıӰ漴һһڿնߡ

һƽԭ֮ϣһ۵ӣһֻ鿴ţ棬һŻ۵ʬ壬ӦԪˡ
ȻԶһЦһɫӰģ֮£ǳ긽һŰµꡣ
ѵû˵벶ȸںɽڵĵնɱԪˣ˸պñҷ֣ôܷŹôõĻᡣ˵껰˫ַ任ͣ
˵ЩʲôֻһһƬɫϼһԼ·ľ޴ְָա
ǣָŵɫĹ㣬ƺǾۼһ㣬ԭһͨ˽
鶯ɹŵˣ״Ȼɫһ˵ͬ׻Ӥڣˣʵڲ˽֡
պǶڣǵ嶴ᱦȸҲˡʱһҰԵĿЦ
ţӰԶ۵ӣһǻӤڣ˵ӣһӤڵĴڡ
˳ǰӵɫһ䣬ǰһЦİ꣬Ҳɵöһͣһ˿ɫ
ȵˣһУ˵˵һ䡣
ӤڵЦЦ𻰣ȻɫһתĿԶüͷ΢΢һ塣
ߣնɱԪĵӣգһҪ뿪ˣ䣬Զݹ⣬Ż۵ӣϵʬһ޶
𾪵ǣ֮УȻǻӤڵΪ״¶һ֮ɫû뵽鷢չز

һºҶҦɶһƬϿգڼеʿҲԶԶܿûǰʲô
֮ǰҶɵĴչҦҶҲǺаȫУӤڣҲûоʲôһӤҲû˶֡
Ҷʦܣʱһͬаɣʦֵܶ嶴ϵġҦһҶɣ˵һ䡣
ԣҶڵǺǣлʦ⣬ʱ˵ɣҶĳϰ˵ġ
Ҷʦ֮ǰУʦɲʣΪλǧնģҦЩʵҶüͷһ壬Ҧἱæڵ޷Ҷʦܲˡ
ףǰڴ򶷣ʦͣ£ǿ˵Ҷ˵껰ǶݹһͣЩɻĿ˿Զ
ҦЩĿҶɣΪܿ⣬ΪҦһҲûиоǰˣȴǰҶɵĻͣסΡ


478 
ҶҦϢһǰӽţãҦŸӦǰȷʵڴ򶷣ƺٵӡ
˴˿̣ҦҲǰľҶɲʵǿᣬʶ֮Լǿ᲻٣ⲻ֪ǣҶ㷢ǰˣֻһֱû˵ˡ
ҶɵٲϢ˷֣һҦǰ˵ģⱻ仳Լʶ̫֮졣
ҶʦܣȻɢΧɽڵĵӣȥס˿ʱҦƾҪȥ
ţҦʦȵȵȣȿҶһײǹľ飬г־˵ʱ¼ӱС
۲Ĵ֮Ҷϸؿ˿ɢ޵ı̬Χɽڵӣƺǽ߾ȫӣ֮ǰҦĺߣһ̬ʤȯյӡ
ԥƬ̣Ҷɸоûʲô󣬱ǳҦ˵ͷ漴˶ݹһٲΣ˴򶷵ĵطȥ
ãɽڵӣŮҦᣬе˵ϷʶҲһģҵˣԶԶؿҦҶɶˣΧɽڵӵɢУһλ
ˢˢˢ
ͬһʱ䣬˱һգϵݹ⣬αԶȥһרҵӡ
Ҧʦ㣿
Ҧʦã
ӿҦᣬ·һɫһϲ漴˿Ҷɣ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻҶɲ̫İ
ʦ֣ʦܣǶû°ɣҦӸЩе˵
ҶҲڴŶˣʦֵһ꣬ƫ֣ȥʮӣŻӤ۷ʵ
һĸݣȥһλʮͷ꣬ҲǻӤڵΪֻ俴ҦĿ⣬Դһ˿Ľ֮ɫ
Ҧʦãû£Ҳˣʦһ·ɻ˳ƫֵʦֿ˿Ҧᣬ˵˵
ʦҲǿҦᣬƺûзҶɵĴһ㣬ҶɵûʲôֻǳŶ΢Цĵ˵ͷǴк֮ǲĿԶ
ҦƺҶɱ˺ӣڵǰһӤڵϹҶʦ֣ܳŽϹˡ
ʲôҶʦʦĺֱ﷢ʦһ˵ʦҲЩ֮⡣
ǺǣλʦˣҦʦ˵ǰ㣬˿ʱ޷ɱҶˣżȥʲôطߵġ
һöսǻǻܵģֻǽӹһٰˡҶ΢΢һЦ˵һ䡣
ҶʦܾͲҪǫˣ˷㷢˴򶷣Ǹ·˵ĻʦʦܿɾΣˡҦ˵꣬Ŀ˿ˡ
ɫһʦֿڵҶʦܣ˷л㼰ʱˣĻҶΣˡ
ͬţʦȻῴǱ۸ģȻ£ǻȸ·ɡҶЦЦ˵˵
ҲãѾĸ£ٲЩ·Ҫгˡʦֵͷ˵
ҦʦȻû˶ݹһ𣬱Զߣ·ϲʱ˵һЩ
˸º·һƬĲϿգֻ·ɫĹϼϿظӦһɹ
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Ҷ˫ĿһУ˿·֣¶ϲ֮ɫطǰϾƹֻϾƹòϸ
˵ڣһĴε˵ںδ֣Ųݣ缫Ʒ
˵õһ꣬˴˺ҷ£Ƹԭɱ˶֣ڶʱһСΪ
ֻ֣Ҳ֪֣Ҳ֪ͣ죬Щ˸һУֱǰͬӰʧ
ԴǸ˵ָ֮أûƳɵҩ꣬ЧãǽǺĴڡ
Ҷѹסоϲ˽뵽ڣһ䵽棬ǷһſŴ׳Ĺ͸¶һֲɣ֮⡣
ûʧǻϿң˵ܵõʲôʦܿ˿ܣдһ˿˵
ҦʦҲĻϲҩ㣬Ҳƺڷһ˿
˲ҵ飬һǰʧ漴ݹһڵرߵλ÷ɶŵϵֲꡣ
ף쿴ʲôʦܺȻһһɢ޹ϼݡ
ҲУʦָָԶ
޹ȻöʱҦ¶ϲ֮ɫָֽ˼λá
Ҷһϲû뵽Ȼк޹ֺҿȥҪеݸӡ
˽ͬţֻ꺮޹ҦȴЩΪѣ֪η䣬Ŀ֮£ܲ˽Զ̵ġ
Ҧ뵽Ҷɣ׼ѯһתĿһ֮£ȴҶЩĿԶҦɻǣҶĵطһյޡ
˶ŵʱҶһ㶣漴һ˿ɻ֮ɫţ¶һ˿ϲ֮⣬Ҳ֪˼ʲô
Ҷɺܿһµӣɨɨö޹ƺҦĿ⣬΢΢һЦ
ҶʦܣȲҪ䣬ժһΣöҵʵ޷ġҦ˵꣬Ҳǵ˵ͷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵҦʦ㣬ҵһ£˷ƬԴ߸ģҵʲôȫƾԻԵһÿ˶һЩġ
ҶʦͬʦֵͷЦʵֻͬǰÿ˵ɢˡ
Ȼˣʦܾһˣ˵Ҳ䣬ʦλʦɡҶ˵ǶݹһԶȥ
˼״¶ϲɫϾһˣֻЩûע⵽Ҷתɲǣ¶һ˿ڴԼһ˿ɲľϲ֮⣬ĳȥ


479 嶴
ҶɵδڣһṦ򣬾ͽ⼸˦Զ⼸ƺŲͬķԷȥ
ʱ䣬ҶڼٷɶݵκȻ˫ĿЩɻĿ˿ܣûʲô֮󣬲һ˿֮ɫ
Ҷɾɲ֮ʣȻ˫ĿһУ΢΢˵ͷһתǰȥƹŲ֮Ҷ۴ϲͣסΡ
ʲô޷ӦҩйءҶһ˵ŻһȡһֻľУ֮ϡ
һ״ƺ«޻Ҷһſż̵ıɫֲ꣬ҶɵУȥߵӡ
Ҷɲ˷ʱ䣬СĽȡľ֮к󣬱ǼæȥȥЩϤӡ
һṦҶһƬľϡĵطһɫֲ꣬ʢɫ޵Ļ䣬һȦȦΡ
״ҶɼæȡһֻľУҩÿһζСߣ漴һǳߡ
ֵǣҶɼÿζûкĿĵǻÿ䵽һطܻЩջеֲûмҲ֪ɺϣҩ̫Եʡ
պҶڷ֮ʱȻоǰһϤϢʦ֣ûнӽҶɱԶԶرܿתȥط
ˣͷӬĴҹ䣬ٴżΣҶǸƨɺ󣬰ȵĽҩȻȡ
һʱҶһΧżŰСɫݣɢŨŨҩ㡣
һСĹҶɿνջ࣬ľвãֱӽȡȡĶ˴֮С
ҶСȡżݵʱ򣬺Ȼֻܿռ䲨һǰһģݵѣι󣬷ܹʧҶ㶵ݣվվһƬƽԭϡ
ԶҶɷҦᣬʦ֣ʦˣԼˣҶɻİӰԶһȻ֮ɫ
ʧˣϧˣһʱ䣬Ҷ̾ϢһæסĶڡ
ˢһ
Ҷɶݹһ𣬱˳һԶҦἸ֮£Ҳǳ˸϶Ǵžϲ֮ɫ
һҶϴſϧӣǷ׷ײ²˷Ȼûʲôջ񣬻Ǽź޹Ҫʲôûҵ˿ջһģЩ֪Ҷɵջ˼һʮϣֻ֪кθ롣
ҶʦܣЩ̾Ϣӣǲûʲôջ񣿲ʦ޹͸ʦܰɣϾһģܲܿûջġҦῴ˿Ҷɣһϵ˵
ԣҶ΢΢һЦڵлҦʦ㣬˷ջ٣ȫƾԻԵʦҪʦĶң˵Ժ󻹻ֵġ
ǺǣҶʦԲֻҪлԵ˵ǻֵģʦ㣬ǵһʱ䣬ӦÿЩ·ˡʦܿ˿Ҧᣬ˵˵
ʱܼӰѸȥǴ٣ҲܳǰҦ״˵ͷݹһ𣬱ĳȥ
ʦֻ飬ҶһЦҲû˵ЩʲôΪԼûջҲһһµġ
·żļ䣬Ի£һ嶴˹ȥһ·ϣʦܾҦĲѣǲۼĶܿȥ

ĵش
һƬƽĻԭ֮ϣһԼ֮޵ɽ壬ȥ쳣ƺʰ㾧Ө
ɽ£һһɶߣɿɽȥһƬʶ֮һɨ˲ٵӣ޷
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˿̣嶴ʮӰɹˣԪˣ֮ˣһЩɢޡ
Щ˵УɢֻһǻӤ۷壬ĽǻӤڴڣżӤڵĴڡ
ɢ֮УһߣһվһˣԪ۹պյɢ֮С
ѣҵȲȽȥɽͯǶȥˣֲõ֮ˣαڴ˵˷ʱġ߿˿꣬˵˵
ԣѣֻĽƣ⼸ɢҲ޷򿪣߻ʲôΣգ˶ȥ
ǺǣѺʱ˵С򲻿ҲĿɽͯȽһġЦ
ˢһ
ʱԶһɫݹ⣬һŰ£ͷ׷ߣֻòͬӤһ㡣
ǬϹ֣񿴼ͯߣ˫Ŀһ˵
ԣǬϹֵͯ߿Ŷ΢΢һЦ漴һˣкҲûһģ֮£ǳ嶴
״˶һۣһ˼֮΢΢˵ͷ漴Ǹȥ˺ɽ֮С
ʦ֣ǲȽȥɹһ꣬ɢ޽嶴Щ֮ɫһ˵
ԣҡҡͷЦЩ˽ȥҲûʲô£ǻǰչأڶλʦֵܾۺϰɣⱻ𷣡
Ȱ׻ʦˣٽȥҲٵģ԰꣡ۺ룬һȻ֮ɫ˵
ƿһ
Զٴγĵݹ⣬֮£ͣ嶴һŮǻӤΪҶҦˡ
Ǻǣԭɽڵĵˡ״΢΢һЦ˵ԪȵˣҲ΢Цĵ˵ͷǴһк
λѵĶǺܿ죬ǺǣҦῴ˿һЦĻһ䡣
Ҷɿ˿ܣ漴Ŀɽ֮ʶ΢һɨܵ˲ٵƣȴǲûʲô֮ɫΪǿ˵嶴Ĺ֮
λʦ֣Ҧʦ㣬ʦһˡҶɶ˱ȭ
ף㲻ԬҰʦǵˣҦü΢˵
ţ嶴ڣǻǻ۵ģʦܾͲڴ˵ȺˡҶɫһ˵
Ҧᵥ췢˿оһͷҶʦܣʦȥԱϣҦ¶֣֮ɫ


480 
ҦʦãװɣҵȰӦʦֵܾۺϣ˵ǰֶκɢޣǶ˽ȥʵΣաʦһ˵ҦҪҶɽ嶴æɫ΢˵
޷ʦֻϾͺãʱһԬҰʦֽ͵ġҦɫһ˵
Ҷüͷһ壬Ҧʦ㣬ʦ˵ĶԣΣأҶ˽ȥʵΣգʦֶȥΣ˵ӵʦȥˡ
ҶʦԼȥˣʲôΣջӦʦ㣬ȥ˵ȷ㣬ǺŰɡʦܼæһ䡣
⣡Ҧüһ壬Щò⡣
Ҧʦ㣬ģʦܶսУЩյģȽȥҲԿʱٽҲûϣʦ㣬㻹λʦֵȴԬҰʦǰɡҶɫ֣ص˵
Ҧ˵ͷҶʦܣСģ嶴棬˭ǲںʲôݵģһлҪԼˡ
ǺǣİɣʦһˡҶɹ˹֣漴һǽ嶴ڣʣ˸ԻµĿſյĶڡ

һտĶѨڣ߻谵Ҷڰգüͷ΢壬û뵽˵ʶ֮Ȼѹ֮ࡣ
ǰʮѵͨȥһɽͨ˵ģЩͬȥСһݺύҶѡһһĽС
ͨСʮ֮߶ҲʮңǱɫʰʯɽʿȥһ޶
ҶʶʱţСǰɶţٶȿȥ̫죬ϴżֽӡ
ϾƹĽͨľͷ֮Ӧþһ޴ʯ˵Ŀĵأż̳˵ÿζһЩͨ鱦ÿζװһɫС֮С
˵ż̳ܵĽƣǼƳٿ԰쵽ģϾ˲ֽƽֻ֮ƽġ
ٵȵȣһͨһЩ֮һܹȻģҶɫᶨ˵ԺһŶɫȹӰ
յһĻһĻҶɵԺлطӿʼĻãĦǧڲݺŪһЩСӰϷҶɱִ
뵽ЩҶɲ¶һ˿Цݣһ˿Ҹ֮ɫ
ҶҲ֪Ӻʱʼϰ֮ĳ֣Σյʱ򣬶˸ȣڷԪХǧҪ˵ʱ򣬻ͦΪҶɽ鷳
˴˺ǾΣڻ֮оգСĸ¶ʱ˽ؿʼӰ룬Ϊ˱˴˵
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ģ˷һҪõҶ˵껰ž޲ϣֳһ˿飬Լһּ㣬˫ȭһա
ף˼µҶɺȻüһԶԶĿǰһʵӰ̫Զ޷̫̽塣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɻĽӽڷǰǵӰһ߹ͭɫܣȥҲŻӤڵʵ
ڿһԣһԲζڣͭɫһֱҶɿҪӽʱǾ߿ܲһâ
״Ҷɿ˿ܣʶɨΣû֮󣬱һһâת˲仯Ϊһźɫĳ
ৣ
ͬһʱ䣬ͭɫܸо˽ӽһ㣬˫Ŀһâ˫һ壬ڿնź˹ȥ
ء
죬ܲһ𣬿ȥʱ޷ֳʤӡ
ҶԶԼôһĻַ́ųɫܼսţҶǼԹţûдԶֵ˼
ʱһĹȥʱֻ֮һҵı촫ϯźɫֱĴ͸˿ܵ壬˶ͷ­Ǳɫһȭ顣
صһͭɫصĵ˵棬Ҷɶ˵˽ɫܣ漴ͭɫܵĲк
ΣķĵطܱʵͶһݰȫԼֵ£ҶȻ׳֡
ǣˣȽȥ̽̽·Աϣ黯Ϊź۵ӣ̤ڽŶһɶ롣
״Ҷǻĸȥɽ֮ڡ
Ѩ󣬹ƷԲʮңտյǰǽ֮ϣһᣬϻһɽˮͼ
һɽһԱߣˮɢ͵ĹϼҶִоԼˮһ㡣
ڸһƬݵ֮ϣһӣٿŰǧڷɽȥһʿĳֽһ㡣
Ҷɾǣоǽǹɱ⣬ϸſһᣬ·Լڽ֮УҶɲһΣС
Ҷɴϸоһʱ򣬺Ȼüͷһ壬漴̧һУԶƮȻ漴䵽ҶɵС
ͬһʱ䣬ɽڹϼһһɫӰֶǶҶеĻῴ˿󣬽Ŀŵֻϡ
ڶԷ۲ҶɵͬʱҶҲڹ۲Ŵӣ俴ȥʮӣһʺѪĳۣϴһɱ֮
䣬ȻҲǹֻһӤ۷ʿֻǴ˿ɫЩ԰ףȥǱһϢ½٣·˴սõӡ
˿ҶеĻԼֻ򷢸ɵ촽ĿҶɣһ
ԣҶ˫ĿһУƬ̺΢Цλѣɽڵĵӣǵʦֵ͵ѵҪɽڶɣ
ߣŻĳҽնɱڴ˴ʱ˲һģٸһλᣬѡ䣬ǽ˵껰ɷһ


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ԷԼʵҶɲû̫֮ɫˣһɢ޲ĺֶǿӲ֮
һ˼Ҷɵһл״˫ĿһУ¶һ˿Ц
ǴһˣǺãĳͳȫ㣡Աϣһһź֮ɫְա
ͽͨ鱦Ҷ˫ĿһУɢ֮Уһ㶼ǵͽױȷûŵеı߼Щ˴ǶսḻΪѲ
Ҷ룬ҶһΣˢһȺɫԲһģ֮£ײȥ
ףнͨ鱦ٺ٣ҲͣҲã˷һЩջ񡣡˵껰̧ɫңңһ㡣
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âһһɹɱ֮ͷŶԲһ㱡ĺ˪΢΢
һֻԲȻתɫϼ͸˪ɢԽԽʢĿޱȡ
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״Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷȷû֮ǰĺ߷ۺˣӦñ˺öԸһЩҶҲǲҴֺ
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ף˷Ȼۺͬʱ﷢ӳܣ¶֮ɫЩɻĿźɫ
ֵֶʱҶȴûиԷ̫˼ʱ䣬ɫһӿαǣں꾪ȵĿ֮УȻΪߵľ޴ħ
ףʲô֮üͷһ壬оҶЩ죬ԼЩƣҶƺͨӤǰöԸ
ȻҪҶĳǾµȭͷδ䣬ҶħǻΪһӰźȥ
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ѨͲ󣬺걻ƾһѹβһɣײʯ֮ϣɫһ׵Ĵһƺߡ
ҶһһɫƷȥವһͬһʱ䣬ɫϼһ꼱æɶݶٲҶӲ
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ҶڶѨ׷˺꣬ȴһ̲ͣʩչʲô¶֮ɫ
״Ҷһ׷ԷпǰֳһƬɫϼֱ۴һ֮Ͷ
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ٺ٣СӣҿεֵԱϣ̧һ㣬ɫҶһ˶һȷ硣
Ҷ˫Ŀһһ֮£һС޽У漴ֶԶɫһնȥ
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µҶɵͨȻռϷ磬ͬʱѶԼҲûȫ֣ѪޣҲԲһӤڿԵ͵ġ
սӤʩչĴ󹦷֮һҲ˲ãܲú𾪵ģʵ벻ʲôڻӤھͿ뻯Ӥ۷һϳ̡
ں֮ʣɫȻһ䣬ֻǰһѳԼ棬߲ͬ˰ľ޽ն֮ͬʱԼһն
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뵽֮ɫʵڲħͷЩΪʱɫһһ
۵һ
һžѪת˲û뵽˰ͨ鱦ɫ֮ڣﵱϼһʢɢǿܡ
ڳæǰһƬѪɫţƺҪ۳һѪһ㡣
䳹۶ɫܱһͷ˽ȥʱֳһСӣƺʴһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬޽صײ˶֮ϣ¡¡һ죬𣬵˺Ρ


482 ʯ̳
УɫܵѪɫ˼ǻΪһʧâһת֮£ӿݵĵطʧ
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ҽУźһЦҶڶѨſڴɢһɹ΢Ĺϼ
ǧնܽʧ޴ħâһɫƼȥ漴˼ȭ
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ҶɻǿŽɫܼսţɫڣʱһҽУԼ֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢У°ɣ˼ʲôʹնԸӤڣҲԼжϲࡣ
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Ԫһûǰںֻ֣֮гԲ磬һ֮޷սʤǱذɡ
ֲúԪ޵٣⿿֮ٶȵȷҪ취Щ֮Ԫ޵ȱԽԽˡҶ૵˵
մ˷ӡ֤Ҷɲ²⣬Ԫһ֮Ҳ൱һЩֶβĻӤ۷ƴһһȡʤǽᱻʿŰ
⻹ɢޣĴ֮ˣĴ󶥼ͨܶȻҪǰѪ󣬿Ԫ޶޷ֵ
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ĿȥڣɫٷһɫϼɫԶӴܶȥ󱻺һ֮£˺ڽ֮С
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һۣ֮Ҷ°âһαԶ֮£ʧ˶ڸ

һ޴ʯڣʯڴ쳣ɢ͵ĹϼӳΪһƬǳɫ
ֵǣҲ֪кֽƣۺ˽Уѹ٣ܷӳ˳ңʶ֮Ҳܵ˽ѹơ
ϣĻɫͰʯգȥ֪ʲôʣƺ쳣Ӳӣ·˵һι̡
м䣬һɫ̳Σֱʮɵӣһɫ֣澿ʲô
вڣɫʯԶӣڵͰʯΧʮӰɫĴмĹż̳
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ߣ棬ҲòſԡʱһһЦ˵ҶڴˣϳˣѹΪҦĺߡ
ԣ˫üһǺЦŶ˵Щն
¿û˵󻰣ⱻȡЦ߼˿˶죬һֻϷӡ
ͷ˵ͷƨʲô𣿼ȻԼûñ˵˵Щſ֮˵һ䡣
ʲô˵ΪϷͬϾֻһëͷСӣϷ׻Ӥʱ򣬿㻹ṳ̂ţϷ˵ˣҿǻòͷˡɫһЩŭ˵
ԣ첻ľͽпԣҺӲ˵ԣӾˣ㻹в֮⣿ѹңк˲޷ǱˡԱϣνʼ硣
㣬СӣǵõʲôʺˣС׻Ӥǲ֪ߵغ񣬼ȻˣϷ̽ˡ
λ֤Ϸûд¶ˣСӡߵ˳Ҷ֣ʲôһ˵Żһע֮˵ɫ
ֻɨһˣǴ˺ߵҲ裬ȻˣȶֱȽϺʣ䣬һģ֮£ǳ߼ȥ


483 һ
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Ȼ䵥һлʧƬ̺ǰһɽڷɳһɫӰʮ꣬һӤ۷ʿ
俴Ҷɺ󣬵һ۱ǿֻеһ¶һɵ֮ɫתԶȥ
ҶӣԭӦñɷļֻȴǳΪԼҽ֤ݣȻԷҶֶβĴ֮
ŶԷʧıӰҶһתһͨϾ˼Һ棬ʲôöҲǱȡˡ

ʯڣ˿Ѿۼ˶ʮӰ
һǰսĶˣֻʣ˻꣬ʧҲֻǱնɱԶݶߡ
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λˣǲЭƽǲЩ˷ˣһĴУʲô̲ˡʱ˵
Ǻǣѵ鲻ǵȷӦƽ֪λΣһ΢Ц˵
ͬһİСһ˶ԴӰ̵˵һ䣬ȴǲûʲô顣
ãɽͯҲ޳ɵĻĳҲͬ⡣һ˵
ѣǰһսնɱ˺ϹҶʵҲϿɣ֯һ¡һЦ
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У˶ԳţһŰ£ǻӤ۷Ϊȥһ
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˿̣ҲǾۼʮӰ˵һȻ޷ƿƣзʲô
ʱʯһڴȻһɫϼţ½ɳʮɫӰͷ֮ˣһŰ۵꣬ȥһ֮ɫ
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쿴Ĵˣǰæˣ
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׻Ҫ˵Щʲôһڴ𼸵ƿ֮ţ˾Ż۵Ӱʯ֮ڡ
Ǻǣ׵ٶȵǲһһŻۣɫԲ԰׵Ĳ̬˵
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˭˵ǻûģֻʣɽڵĵˡδ䣬һڣ½ɳʮ۵Ӱ˵֮ˣһŽɫ۵ꡣ
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ʱʯ½½ĽһЩɢޣȫӵһϰ֮࣬ȴռ˴룬֮ˣҲ½һˡ
ҲãҲƽ⣬ɽڵĵѸҲһЩ׻ȻЦЦû˵Щʲô˫ĿһеĿ˿Զĺ㣬漴ֿɢޡ
ãȻˣ֪λкȻ½ϴ˻ѯɢޣȻ⣬׷׵ͷͬ⡣
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ŶԭʳǴӣѣڵĹɽǺܿ͸ϵ˰ɣ½Ͽ磬΢Ц˵һ䡣
Ľɫʼ磬ЦȻ½ļҲ޲ɣĳҲֻ˵˵ˡ
ǺãҲҪ˷ʱˣʼƽɡ½һ΢Ц˵ȴһĨ⣬漴һӣһֻɫӡӭ籩ǵĻΪС
״˲ԥͷ˽Ƿų˻ʩչջΪһϼŹż̳ɫһҶȥ
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һҵı촫ɫĹϼڽɫϱѶɫҵĻζƺЩ֧ӣ̳һâɫֱǻָ
ʯڣʱɳһӰ˺ֵĶ飬Ҳ𽥵ĳԽ˰ϡ
պһڴӰһһۣòͨ꣬ڴǸʮӰɽԬҰˡ


484 ƽ
ݣɽ
ʳǣʳǣɢ٣󲿷ֽǻʳԼһЩңιʡ죬һʵʵڵĻӤԲʿ
ʳΧԶһƬŨܵĹľУӽɽ֮ʮź£ںڲӰǱ˴ڡ

嶴ڣ
ĳѵʯ֮УҶϲɫᣬѾ߸£˵ûеż̳˷ջȴǲ١
˫Ŀ΢еĴԶһ˼£һ߳ǰɶţǴŽ֮ɫżһɢޣȴҲûж֣ƺŸ·һ㡣

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Ǻǣȥ߸ˣԤϲЩ˹ƿҪƿż̳ˣѾƿˣͲ֪˭ˣһͳȥ쿴˿ˣ΢Ц˵
ɢȻǲܵģֻǿķ˭ԵˡԪ΢Ц
ɽӦЦЦͷ˲Ϣ䣬ûоѹԵʵҲֻܿˣɢ֮УҲ˵˻õġ
ǿžƺʱĴžãЩǵĿϴһ˿˼֮ɫҲ֪ʲô

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ķͷ֮ˣɽԬҰȱԪ½ϣɹŰ׻棬ڹż̳Ͽա
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ĵѣҵȲҲֲƽһ꣬һ˵
ѣǲҲûʲô壬ٺ٣ΧŻˮĺãʱ˵ʲôԶһЦ
˫ĿһУĵѵ˼ǳû٣ˣǲ
ٺ٣ҲʧΪƲߣҵʵɽͯӵˣǲҪǲ;УﶪΧҲһĻ߱ãֻгһˮϲߣ΢Ц
ವһ
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֮˿Ҷ֮󣬲ɵ¶Ȼ֮ɫǱģϾȻֻ
ڵʿǵ磬ٶһЩ֮ϴֻĵûУ󲿷ҲǴֻֻһֻȷʵ١
ҶɲһӤڵʿֻ˸еЩ⣬ʱ˵ʱûнעҶɵϡ
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˵ɢ޸ķߣнɢޣŹż̳ٳ˹ȥ˷֮ɫ
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ڶɢڳ̳޷ڴ˵ʶֱ֮ѹƽ룬ǴһҽУԼһѵı֮
ӦǿӳԪӤҵĴҴܣ漴һһ˿궼û£еԪӤһɻֱ䶼ûŪôġ
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Щǳҳ֣ʿĴԼķ֮ˣ¶Ц֮⡣
ߣ֪ż̳һƣᴥ·ƣһֹΪңԪһʿЦ˵
Щɢһ㲻֪飬ڽµҲһֹɲҵֵܹġһ˵Ȼ֪ɢԣ¶һ˿⡣
׼ãһֹϣҵϹȥᱦҲҪСһֵĽƹ˵ûеһǰҲҵȡһС֮£ǻеġʱ½϶˵ͷ֮ˣҲǸԶ
һṦ·ŵĵͰʯգ˰ɫҴ֮ˣҲǸԶԶĶΧ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĿŹż̳Ưʮͨ鱦ûʲôֻǽмɫС
壡ɹŰ׻һȣţ֮£ǳ˹ż̳Ҳǲ
ڶɢҲǷ׷׶ݹһҸԼһơһصŹһ߳ż̳ҶɵӰȻС
ͬһʱ䣬ʯͨڣȻӿʮӰȥɢޣһǱѾõӣٶޱȵĳ˹ż̳ٶģһϴɫߵӰ


485 ᶦ֮ս
ҶɻȺ֮УûмƣֳֺڽֵϵͰʯһ󲿷ֶǶ˹ȥ
ż̳ĹرܼҪȥƺЩѣҶһ߷ɶݣһϸĵĴһ£ʯÿһι󣬶һμλݵڡ
ܹץס̶̵ɲǣһϹż̳Ҷɷ֣ƺֻ߲ǽƹһЩʿ䣬Ҳ˲Ȼ֡
ǰҶɾǿʶ֮һʿĹҶɻ֣ʿǱ˳һɱҶЩ
ʱ򣬲ҪСĽƣҪСľϲʿҲǼټţķڶɢޣӡ
Ҷû͵Ϯˣ֮ǰҲûж֣ҶжΪʱȥ͵ϮˣضԼʱ򣬺ױһ˳û͵Ϯ֣ˣֵ˵ǰȫ٣һĶڷ֮ϡ
ٶȥٶ˵뿪嶴ʱ򣬿һҲʣ¡Ҷɿܲʱʿһ
պڽҶɸոնһɫĹֻǰһɫذͷһնҶɼæӶڽֵ漴׼ħӻ
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ֻɫذ׹ϼһ漴ڰһ׼͵ϮҶɵĺߣǱһ˽ɫǹ
߽ͨ鱦Ҷɿɫǹ¶Ȼ֮ɫʹȱ֮ˣȻЩݡ
ˢһɫǹϼһһģ֮£ǳһӵУҶɿϵҲɫߣ˫Ŀһ
ԹԵһ̧֣ȡ˺ߵı봢
㣿ȹңҶɶԴӡֻϵס沿ʵԿòϢڱ
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ӻδ䣬һģ֮¶㵽һԣͬһʱ䣬нɫǹʧһҪ͵ϮĻꡣ
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״Ҷ˫ĿһУԼ׼飬ֻҪлԷһˣû뵽һ֮ɫʦֵܣҲΪ˱ɱһ
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ವһ
һɫӰ·ʯոոշҵعյâһһڰɫһ׹Ƕƣٵĳ˹ż̳
ಣͬһʱ䣬ӰҲǸԼһĳ˹ȥһȻ˵ӰȻȵ˼̳ıԵ
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˵УɫӰԿһھɫСԶʱ򣬺Ȼһ֣ŽɫСңңһץ
һֻ̣ɫСϼһȴ˿ûƺǳ˰һ㡣
ףȻ糤Ͻһ㣬̳ϵĶ޷òٿȡִֻܽſȡõҲϿȡġɫӰ˫Ŀһ˵
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һֻСɫ«ɫֵʱ˫Ŀһ½ϣֹңͲ±ȥ
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΢΢֮ʣһɫ۵ıһΣŽɫСһȥٶ֮죬ԶɢֻüһɫӰ
ߣѵļúܡδ䣬ֻǰһâǰ׻캮
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һЩ׶ǲҴֺһŭ֮󣬺ȻαǣɫϼһȻΪһֻϴһɫơ
ţһ߽ӽĽɫСһ߿ٵĺ˼ɫȭӰһ׶ķ顣һ죬ץ˽ߵС
䣿½˫Ŀһ˵
ಣһƿ֮
һ̣ˮͰϸľ޴ָȻ˱ǰҵһȥɢһɹɾ˵ѹ
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ৡ
¶һһѰɶ೤粨˵޽ŽɫСȥȥǿӡ
ǧն¶֮ɫоһһɫһ׼Ӳǧն֮ʱȻ۽һ
ͷϿգ֪ʱĳһõӰȥһ£ͷ׷ɫ֣ǽɫСһĶȥ
ãʼƴӲ˶๥һ˵óûʩչȫҲûԴ󵽿һĵز
δ䣬νâһƮɶɫС֯һ𣬱һ޴ĺ֮޴Ľڶ
ͬһʱ䣬಼ֻ̳ܣٴγӰ˵˫ĿһУǬϹ֡ɽͯӡԼһźµꡣ
бҲǳɢޣһϴɫߣΣ䲻ԶҲС


486 Ѫɱ
嶴ʯڣ̳ܵʿһžϲȡʿĴ󲿷ȴûг̳Χˮ㡣
Ҷڼ̳Զĵط΢УųеĳʶʱţʿϮ
̳֮ϣڶʿƴ󲿷ֶͨ鱦Ҳûһնɱ˼̳֮ϡ
Ͼ̳ϵıﶼŽ֮ǣȡץϣҲҪѶʱſȡһ㶼Ǳƻʿնɱ
һĻһЩ˲̫ӽֻòɱֻг٣ʣµǿߣлȡ
ڼ̳м䣬ɫСܣΧ£Ű˾ŵӰһȴֲԶ֣Ĵ֮ˣƺҲ԰ѳס档
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ֵǣͯϺȻ¶Цݣûеֵ˵Ĺα˶أȴ˴
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˵ףȴû˭˶֣׷׳ֹԷŽɫСȥ๥
ҶɿЩĳ棬ɵüͷһ壬ֳϺԼȥ¸ֵס˵ĹʣµĻˣǶǿߣ̳ܵɢޣûе̳
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һĻǻ˸˵֮˶ǶǿߣƺûжȫɫĻֻ΢΢һΣǻΪһ㣬ֵ
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صһ
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ΪԭȥĽɫǹȻһת֮£ɱǹǰݺݴȥƾȫصӡ
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䲻ڵֵܵĹһӷȥܹ£䵶볤ǹҪεʱһȣţЦĿӡ
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һӤڵʿԱǿֲܾԿȻӤԲһֻ֮ƺһ㣬ӹϯȥ
һž޴Ľڶֻһƺߣɫһףĵĺ˺üһɫֵѶ
ǰһöӲӵķ˲ʧȥ˹ϼӻٵӣƲ̫أֻһöʵ۲ѡ
ϼɢ˱ٴγ֣˱ǴӵֻǱȡֻţ䵥һУɫǹͷա
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ս£ҲҲΪ˼һ֣Ըĺ֣Ҷ˵뵽
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һߣһɢͬʱ֮·ɻһ˿궼ûӵóⲻԵɽͯһ
ȻҶоһ׼ʯʱֳֺڽǳ˳ȥǰһ߽ɫܿ·
Щڼ̳ϣСΪҲȥߣΪڶֻΧһ߿˿ҶɣЩ˵
۵һ
һ֮£ǰȻ͸һֻ飬漴ȼһƬ棬Ҳֻ˭ȻֽնɱԪӤûüӳϡͿˡ
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Ҷǵļ֮£ǰȫĳ˼̳ȴǲûϼսţվڼ̳Եңż̳ϵսԶһͨ鱦ҶҲûпһۡ
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Ȼ䣬һɫӰ˲֮ʣεץס˽ɫС״˲ɫһ䡣


487 ͨ
ɫӰ˵ץס˽ɫСϷǵϲɫȴǴһ˿֮⣬ֻϰâɫС΢΢ȴ˿û
˵һһӲӵȭӰһѹͭɫ̸꣬ܲСĹһѹ£ɫӰƺʩչ˹һ㣬ֳһ㣬һָ۶ȾӤʿĹͬʱɫһ䣬̾ɫӰʵǳ˿ɱȡ
ৣ
ʱû˿Ǵ£߰˵ҵĹƺȫһ㣬ŽɫСԱߵİɫӰŭҶȥеһ֮
״ɫӰɫһ䣬С΢΢ֱƺϾͿһ㣬𽥼٣ջһ̾Ϣα˶
һ죬ɫСѿϼԶɫӰһ֣զˣɹŰ׻棡
৵һ
ڰ׻ߣ˹ոµɲǣһӰһɫ֣˽ɫСһ̽ĽץУͯǬϹ֡
ã׻浱üһ˫ְֳ任ͣɫĹ㸡ֶٵһָǬϹֵȥͬʱͷɫһģ֮£Ҳһնȥ
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ã֮ǰȻ֣ǬϹɫһ䣬оһΣʱջƣοˡ
ҶɿһĻȻһģ֮£嵽˽ɫСܣȴûнӽ˸գ֮֡
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ЩҶб任һ΢Ĳƺûʲôֳ
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һĻƺ˹һ㣬˶ݵͣͣҶзҲɵ΢΢һ١
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ڵ϶ϱڿշ֮ʣֻԲȻֶǽһײҶɵķȥҶһץ
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ৡ
ͬһʱ䣬˷ӵϣȽӽ½ϣһӲӵȭӰһɣʩչı̬֮
˾̫ȫӽСͨʩչƴ֮ûǱĶ֣׻һֹǱһȭĵ߰˲֮ࡣ
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˿ȴԬҰֶжǿΪһɫӰұٵĽӽŽɫСȥһꡣ
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Ҷ˫ĿһеĿ˿Լӣȴûж˵ʲôӸҪץС֮ʡ
ಣһ˽ɫǹײС֮ϣź㷽˹ȥ³仯ʯһ㣬ԲͻϽࡣ
صһ죬·ϺȻɳһɫײǬϹʹı߽ǸպײƫС˰ΧȦ֮ⷭɶȥ
Ҷɼ״εڿն𣬲վڵⱻΧסڵ¶֮ɫСȥ
̳Եһ꣬Ŭһͨ鱦ȻǰâһһӲӵСǰ䲻¶ϲ֮ɫ
װĽɫСЦ֮ȴ¶
ҪȥץȻĴһ㣬˸źâԼԼһԺ˲両ֳɽͯӲһĻ
ӻûһûɽͯʵǿܲȱͷԺһ붼ĺҺһȭɫСɵԶ
˽ŵ֮УɫСһ֮·ɵԶգƫ䵽һǰˣһȻ֮ɫҶɣ


488 ɽӽͼ
ǰĽɫСҶ붼ץסʱ䣬Ǹоһɹɿռ䲨ɢҲǽģƺоһų֮Уʱᱻһ㡣
״ɺĿⶢסҶɣͬɱһ㣬½˫Ŀһ죬԰׵¶һ˿ĺΣ˫
ҶɾץסɫСɲǣ·׼һ㣬æһȻΪһ߹ɣڣһɫۼ׵ħͷֻɫΪۡ
ǰȻֳһƬɫ㣬ֻɢһɹ֮ںâһһɫҶͷ
һϵжҶץסɫС˲ɣ·ʩչ˹͵ȴؼһ̵ӡ
˵񣬻ͣڽɫСǺǰɵʱ򣬸һתͷͿ𾪵һĻ
Ҷ½ϣĿҶɵĶ˸ջع֮ʣзһͣһ޽۶Ҷһնȥ
״ҶɿٵɨһܣʣСˣĴͷߣʣǬϹ֣㣬ӣһ۵Լһİꡣ
һˣҶɾͻһѹֵıҶǾȻύȥģȻϣС֮УҶԷҶһ˿ɱ⡣
ۿǧնҶնȥֻ޴ħһӣһ֮ɫʵʰĳǧնײȥҶȫʩչն
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˵ȣҲûǹз仯ͣһ̣зɵ΢΢һ͡
Ϊ޴ħ֮УȻһ޽ԪˣһĻƺ˺һ㡣
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ʱ˼ϣѾ۳һͨһͨ鱦ҲǹϼƺϷһӣԺУƺҶ³ɽͯһ޶
ȡһҽд漴Ȼֹ
½ϵֵסǧնˣû뵽Ȼڳһâٶޱȣ׼֮£û˶ͷ֮ڡ
ţɫһףԺ˵һըѰʹѣʶһͣǺɫͬӵһ㣬ƹƣɫ԰ףֿʲô½һնȥ׵Ƶ֮󣬱ǽԪӤٵһЦǻصڡ
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Ҷ˵ģӱǰɽͯӸ͸һЩûдﵽʧĵز䲻ɫһ䣬˵նɱ½ϼһֹ˷񹥻Ȳ룬Ҳǿ׵ֵġ
޴ħһ㣬Ȼϼһֻ̼ԲͷϿգ漴һתҶɷߣǽɫשֵȥ
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ΪҶɱ֮ʣ޴ħɫһһ֮£һУ漴Űһ׶
۵һҶһھѪûǾ֮ڣһᵱһΪ֮߰ޣȫУҶɵɫҲǲ԰һϢ½ٵӡ
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˵еĽӽͼ׻ƺʶ˱һ㣬ɫһ˵ܴ󲿷һãȻ֮ɫҲм˵ɫһ䡣
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״ҶҲ˿˱嶴ĶѨ֮µĸ·ʱ䣬ҶҲо˴˱ʹ֮ǶһֶΣպó޷ֿҵĹ
ۼŽֵľ棬ҶɵӰԽģ׻üһ漴һЩ֮ɫ˦һöӲӵķ
ƣŰ׻һͺȣ漴̧һ㣬ɽӲӵķųâĿҫۣ˲˫ĿһС
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Ǽ֣ӿ¼ҪͶߣߡ׻һߺȣ漴˫ַ任ͣһɫĹ㸡ֶ漴һ۶ȥ̼䣬һָ۶
ͬʱ˽һ֮ɫð׻ԸǸʩչǿͨǴ߶һеؿҶɡ
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ڣȴûǸᣬǵȱҲû㹻ķ߷ˣߡǬϹ˵껰ǿ˿ҵĹɫ԰ףǴѪһϢ鸡Ҷɡ


489 
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˿ļµ߰˵·𿴵ҶɲһĻ׷׼ɫС
˿̣ҶħȴâһΪŰ۵ֻ꣬ɫأȴ¶֮ɫ
һֻƽץŽɫСҶʱʱ̧֣ͷ˿޷ֿĹȻħӻ
Щԣ֪ҶΪλ᳷ȥ֮бֿӣֻҶһ˦
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ࡢסңĵɫ죬ˮͰϸĹҶڼԼ͸¶һɲɣ֮⡣
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ӦɫɢĿҰϢ˻ûʲôӦüͷһ壬漴ɫһ䣬¶һɵ֮ɫɫȻЩ
ƺδȫǱ߰˵ҵĹϣһ죬һž޴ĽɫѶ
Լ䣬˿ǱѿɫڣȻֳĵģӰֱ׻ȸֻϹʥޡ
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ֻʥαһȻһɢȥֿסǿ͵Ĺ
һ̣ǿĹ޵ֵ֮Ƭʱ䣬ʱʱֵҶȥҶɵӰһѽɫǹԼһڻ䵶ȴǳҺ༸֮ϡ
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˿̵ˣһĽɫܽ뵽嶴ĶͨʿܹųȥǾһ޴ջ񣬼Ǽ̳һЩˮˣҲջ˲ʿĴ
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ʱ̳һһűɫȹϴŰɴӰü΢ĿҶʧĵط
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ŮӿҶɰȫʧ֮˫һƺ˿ӣн߬ŵһöƺҪĽɫҲǱ漴ݹһ𣬾ǲбʯȥ

һƬƽԭϣһۣòӢ˵棬ȥʮӣһϢﵽԲ֮
ɫЩ԰ףЩɲ֮ɫʱɻĿ˿ܣʱڿն𣬷ɵԶ
굥°ͣƺǱչӣ˼ʺƽԭϣҲ֪ʲôʱķųʶɨܡ
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Ȼ䣬Զ֮¿ռ䲨һһСİɫŸֶȥƺһеӡ
ţһŰ£ɫ԰׵꣬бһһĵķУǰɫһģ֮£ʧ
꣬ڴͳҶɣ˷Σ֮µûʲôƣֻĴ󣬵úõһʱɻָ
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ֻһԲʿҶɲ˿μ֮£ǳϿգ׼ѯһ´˴ʲôط
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Ҷɿѯʣֻ굱ʱվΣҶһݣ¶һ֣֮ɫ·侴Ҷɵӡ
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ԣҶһ㶣˫Ŀ΢еĴãƬ̣漴΢΢һЦоâһ
ŶȻȴࣿôˡҶһ΢Ц˵漴ɫһһɱͷŶ
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ħӻһ漴˺׼ӰҶһ˵˭ģаٻҶĳ𣬺ߣ


490 
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ŶһɱɣҶ˫Ŀһе˵
ϲɫһڵǰΪҵĹˣܹתһĹˣɱҡ
ˣҶһ㶣漴ЩӣЩЦĿ˿꣬ӻȻûгߣƺʱԷһ㡣
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ǰݣȴǲ㵽ҵĹˣûǰҪѪ֮֡Գκҵɫһ˵
ԣҶ˼Ƭ̣ЩȤӣ漴һ䵽˵棬΢ЦĿκҡ
ϸ˵˵Ҷĳŷ˵һ֪ΪΣҶɺȻʱ򣬳СϹӡ
Ǻã͸ǰκһϲɫҲߵӻҶɽ
κԣʳǵˣǴһˣҲ֪ӺʱʼǸоԼһһȫѳʿĸӦǳ֮ΪԤ֪
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ڰǰκҺȻԤ֪Լһѣһ٣һܹܹ˽٣һɳ졣
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ɽΧڴݷΧǶʳǣǿȥκ˵˼˵򣬶Ҷѡ֮ǴԶݶߡ

ʧһЩʿ͵ɽĴ֮˷׷׻صɽģ볤ϵȻϺ󣬷׷׻ص˸š
һЩɢޱͳ֮ǷֱԶ̵һѵĴŴ˷ľ޴ջ
ڼ䣬ȴһذϢ˳˵˷ûбĴκһõһɢ޶ߡ
Ҳ˳ƴ˲ɢޣӦһЩʵ򲻻ǰǿֶΣЩϢ֮ͨˣǴ˴˵ݣ˵ɽ˵ĴҶɡ
֮⣬ϢԪźѡ֮һֶǿӲ½ϣ֮ʣҶɵУЦ˳ǧն֮£Ԫò˵һСķ̡
һϢɹźѡ֮һδ״Ӱ׻棬ڴ˷ͨ鱦֮ʱ˻ɱνЩԩ
ݴԣһɢޣһһֻͨ鱦ƿڶ˴֮ʣһݲӳ͵Ϯ׻նɱ
˵濴ȥᱦһɱ뵽ʳǴҲ˶֣֮Բòֵɡ
˾ȻͬΪֻƿ֣㻹ֱЩնɱڴ˵˸о˾Ǵ˶ԶֵĻɡ
ΪûóһöԻ˵У֮ʱȴǺĵԱһͨ鱦뱪ˣǿںɢ뱪ЩϤɢ޵û㡣
ըϢһ˷֮ɹԪʧ޴߲ŭѡ
Ҳʧ˴˵ֻʧСݣȴǶףҸǻӤΪƺѰʲôһ㡣


491 
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ԭĴһСɽȣȥʣһЩ޵Ϣȥƺǿ
ɽУһʯ᾵ʯϣϥһ꣬òӢȥʮӣһΪǴﵽԲκҡ
ɽȵ¼һªʱһɫӰϥɫϢӯǸոջָҶɡ
ԵһѺɫգҶɼ״˫ĿһУ㿴ˣôܻˣ
ˣСʵȤڴ˵ػˡâһֶֻƺʵһЩҲǾâ˸ĶҶɵ޴
㿴ֲˣûҵ÷أһк춯ֱնɱҶɷԸһ䣬鼱æӦһǳ֮⡣
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴޴Цɣ
䣬޴âһһɫСֶͷ֮ϣȴǳ͹ƺʲôҪһ㣬ԶԶȥֻ̽ǡ
ˣôѺڹˣɫС߾ȻԵ˵ʶȻɢӤϹְǿᲨ漴һͦƺ˸ЩǣһĹǷ
ǺǣЩҪģС࣬˷˯õģ㵽澹Ȼûл׽٣ô£ҶЩɻ˵ɫСߣҲǳ˯˼֮õԪ
СƺЩ˯ˣСҲΪûл׽٣һ޷ΰɡ
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СͲˣڵȷûлεԴ˵޵öѣСǿʼ
С˽⵽ȸ׻ֵȻʼɣС˳߲ѣ޷Ĺɺֱײ
СŬ֮£Ĺںһ漴оһҵڣʹСΪֱСҲЩãȻ˵
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ŶС಻ʶ֮ǰȷʵɹһֻѣǾȸϵǰСδһЩС˼˵
ԭˣȻĴʥѪҲǻԵԭǾʥѪֲó˯֮ã㿴ԺȻǰ;ġҶƺ˵һ䡣
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ˢһСһģ֮£ǳҶɵֱ֮ϣһСԴ˲Ҷɵơ
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ˣСЩˣҪ˯һᣡ˵껰ҶɿڣâһǴ֮ڡ
״ҶЦЦд̣Ҷɻ治ץɫСŵģ˷˵һջȴʵС
һģҶȡֻ⼸ֻУҲ֪װ˶ٶģЩջ񣬾һʾԲСĺơ
Ƭ̣ҶɽһʼһѴ֮еĴ洢ǴŨŨЦ⡣

ʦԲˣûһҷ֮ϣһɫȹŮӣЩįĳª
ԣª̾Ϣһڵ˵ЩʧҲԤ֮еģǰУĴ֮˶ûеõҲֲ㡣
ʦǻػƷ𣿡Ůһ䡣
ȲȥˣȻòΪʦԪ࣬һЩ飬Ҳȥһˣ˵ûʲôգҪԡª˵꣬һ˿Թ޵ɫ

ݣĳǳ֮ڣ
һľľƹ֮УӤʿڽֵ˵ʲôƺ̸żǰ顣
ȻŻ۵ʿƹ֮ڣһȦˣһһУϻһŰ۵꣬òҶһ޶
λѿɼˣӶ˵ҡҡͷӲɵһת뿪˾ƹݡ
ιûԪˣѰնɱ½ϵء
ٺ٣ҿΪ
˽֮ʣһۣĸߴòӣ˫Ŀ΢еĿԶҲ֪˼ʲô
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Щϣҩ鵤Ҳ࣬вһЩ쳣ϡƷ֣ЩҶɶв֣Ҳ׼һ֣˵Ժʲôʱõõ
ֹҲв٣󲿷ҶɶûзϣмҶɵЩȤ׼лһ£Լͨںһ
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ʯҶɶȥֱӶһֻУڵңֱ׷ԲϹԽһЩӤԲҲһ
ϸ̵һջҶɽõϵƷ׼ϣһ׸߽ͨ鱦ʮɫɽһнͨ鱦ɫСܣҶĨӡǴϣȥӦ½ϵıϧֻ˹ȥ
һöŲƷöϢһöշ׸߼ߣƿ߼ָĵҩõƷҶɵսԼĴС
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ЩҶɲû̫ϣʹƺʲô漴һһƴСӲӵСС
ϣҪźáҶɿǰĽɫС˵һͨ鱦Ҷɵעȫûз棬ϾĿǰΪ޷ȫش˱ġ
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ҶɽдãҲûȻֻǸоһֱϢʶ֮һɨͨͨҲ޷߶ʲô仯
ǣҶЩɻװڽɫСеƷӦò̫ͨѵԼʶĵҩҶ˵뵽
˵ٺ٣һ̣䵥һ˦͸ϿգϴλӤĽѵҶʱ̼ôãҲкηӦҶɲЩ
һУץУöҶ׵ľϣֻǲ֪ʹãҲ֪кιЧ
ѵҪһʱ䣬ǿӦҶЩɻ˵Ƭֽ̣뵤ڣһͬǰĵҩҶΪ֮ʵڲ˷ʱ䡣
Ҷ¶֣֮ɫһɫҩһɶˢһ䵽֮ϡ
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ʱϸֳһĽɫС֣Ҷ˫Ŀһļء
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˵ȷ˴Ҷȴǲûмڽ𣬶Ǿ۾Ŀ֮ԼһЩ࣬һЩ֮ҩ״ɫݵʶ֮
ףһЩҩƺϾУЩҲ֮ϸԱһ˵Ҷ˵껰һֻ漴΢΢һΡ
৵һ
ʱ䣬Ҷǰ棬˸ҩһƬЩҶԼĴ洢еǴ˷ڸʿãһ֣ڵõһЩ֪ꡣ
ҶһῴϵĽɫС֣һῴǰڷŵĳҩжԱȣʱ¶һϲɫʱüͷһҡҡͷ
˴յĹҶɲҩҲɫСҶ˫ĿԶ¶֮ɫ


493 ɽȱΧ
ʱһΣϴοǹȥ꣬һЩ粨ƺҲƽϢ̸۵Ҳˡ
ڰУȴһɰƺڴɹĴ̽ʯڻɱ׻ͷߵɢޣҲûʲô
ĹҲɳķ̽ˣϾ̳лλĴڴ֣֮ưոݵġ
ӣǰҲֶǿУ¼һ֪ι䣬λᣬ˳˴֮֡
һʣλҲʼŶпܼ̳лλֶζݣֻǵܵ˴ѹƣĻпλãԴ˾ܸɣùϲ
ƽ˵ƽӹλΪ͵һҲս׻ӤڣҾܼλӵȡЦ衣
˵ƽԸ񺩺񣬲λ۸ЩС£ܼ̳лλλӶָʹĴ£˰µ渺˹Ҳ̫ӡ
ʳǴһţǰ˻ûصʱ򣬴ߵˣȫʧ٣һЩͨҲ֪ȥ
ǽӵݿĴѰЩʧ֮ˣ̽أǷδӱɱʲôϵǷкι
λʳǣĴ£ǳسżֳһЩСĦֵǣƺ֪Щֻ۱ֻ֮

ʳ뽭м䣬һĻԭ˵ϡ˼ʺĴһСɽȰգһ۵꣬ɫͷն
ǰˣ˻𣿡һ֮ɫ˵漴˿ԶһӰ
ǣСӣͲһ̫û˼ˣɫӰ̤ڽһƲ˵
صһ
ˤ˵ϣЩǱЦǰĶ֣
˵껰һ⼸ľֱǲҲ̶ãЦԼǰֲûԽλԽԽֻ÷ֿⲻ˲Ķĥ
СˣҲˣˣɫӰЩį˵ƺЩ֮⣬λˣǺ飬꣬ǿڿҶΪ˵κҡ
淢һУҶɲ֪˿̣ڷռϥһƾɵĳ飬ƺʲôҶ¶˼֮ɫ
ˣ֮ϹԸҵһԵ֮ˣѵκңҶ˵˽ܷһɳ죬ܸоȴԼ߿һЩԼû
һв֮ķΪҲһѡｻκңҲȴϹӵһУԼҲ
Ƭ̣Ҷɿ˿ƾɵĳ飬΢΢һ֮£һĨâ΢΢һû֮ڣ·Ǽеʲô
˵Ҷɲ֮ҲЩ͸仹ԼһϣҲΥŵԵġ
⼸ʱ䣬Ҷɵ鷳ԼΪ̫ͣ˼ҩǽΪ˻Ӥ۷壬ֻһ׺ڵӣ׺ڿɲǶʱڿɵˡ
˵ЩƵҩЧãҶҲֻܱֻǿһЩʵܶЩıǮԼһ֣˵жۺģҲ֪Щʲô仯
ֻлصɽȫˣ˵ʲôʱ򱻸ײȥʦռһЩϣƳһ͸ʦģҲֻȱ϶ѡҶ˵
ҪǿҶͳΪᣬҲԼеһ˿̰֣ҶЩġ
תһ룬Ҳ㲻ʲô̰ϾԼƴõģԼǿֲǽ׹ϵǿΪˣҲܿҪ˵Լд󲿷ֲϣǿҲûа취ҶҲȻ
ֻſЩȥϢǿ˵ڶڵõ˵ֻһûеĻֻҪǿڣǿԪǰ޷ƳҩҶ˵ģΪ˱֮ǻὫҩȥģϾ֮УǿԼһʦܱԼԼõʦ
ǻ˱ˣ¾ͲˣɲһĵҩĪ˵͸ʦʦֵҩ֪ᰵȺʦᵤҩģϾ綼Ϊ֮ҲÿһҪ̤۷Ĺؼ
Ƭ̣Ҷһģ֮£ʧ˷ռ䣬ֻ˼ֻĶ˵档

ɽУκҿϥȴʱʱ͵һۣ¶һ˿־֮ɫӱĥòᡣ
ǣүүҪ棿һֵĹЦ
Ҳңˣκŵһ£ɫһס
飬۸ˣʱҶɵӰڵһ֮£ǳκҵǰֳ˲ɽܵ󷨡
Сӣ۸𣿡鼷üŪ۵˵
ûûУǰҺܺãܺáκҿ˿飬һ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵκңǲĹ˲֪һƾһɳġ
˵껰ҶɵһǽǱƾɵĳ齻κңЩȻ֮ɫķ˼ҳ¶ϲæվΡ
ǰҪȸĲ֮֮ǰѧһȣֱƤëǰ˹أ֪α𡣡κɫȻü֣أҶһݡ
лңȻˣҲԵɣϣԽ󷢣ˣ뿪ˡҶɫһ˵ϾԼ޷ߵġ
ԣκϲɫһҪ˵ЩʲôȻҶüͷһ壬漴ЩɻĿ˿ԶһģĴڽ
Ƭ̺ݹԶ֮£ǳҶɶϿգӰɫսס
ûһӰ˫Ŀһ˵꣬漴һһöɫ
̼䣬ҶɸоʮΪĻӤʿɽĸ佫ɽΧⲻҶüͷһ壬ЩɻĴˡ


494 ƽ
ǰЩ˵ķΣӦǶʳҶɻ֮ʣκҺȻ˵һ䡣
ʳǵĵѣ£Ҷüͷ΢˵
ԣӿһҶɣֵλѣҵȸӰ£ԴӴ䣬֮ʧ٣СӦǰӵˣҪȥѯһ
ʲôһȥˣκҺȻɫһ䣬һ˿õԤУҶҲǰ˿ʼΪԼ鷳ġ
ৣ
ʱɽܳʮ׵ʿͷ֮Żɫۣȥʮӣòͨһغʵӡ
ʶɫ꿴˿׻漴ĿҶɶ˵ϣ俴Ҷ֮ü΢΢һһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ӣСڴ£ڶʳǼ׻˵˵һ䡣
Ŷʲô֣ǰǴӵ£ûҶɣֱѯκҡ
ԣκɫЩӣСڴһʱ£ǰ뿪˶ʳǡ
Ŷ֮ʧ٣ҷ֮ѰʱһҲûпΪܰȻģ˵꣬ɫһ塣
⣬ӣС뿪ʳǵʱﻹûЩ仯С˲֪Щģֻһ۶ѡκЩɫ˵
ۣȻܰȫţп֮ұ뽲ȥ̲һǴµûйϵȻΪģ߰ɣɫһ˵
ӣµûκιϵκҵĻû˵꣬һӱɫһİ˰֡
ߣûйϵҲҪȥ֪ģҵԶֲɣ˵껰֮һһ佫ҶɶΧ
״Ҷüͷһ壬˵·ͻѱκ߸ûκϣ׸ϹҵһʺϵĴˣҶҲ׷
ǺǣӣκһλѵĴˣ䲻֮Ҳྪ׵顣
ʲô飬ϣڴ˵ѯȻַ̧ŹˡҶ˵껰漴һһöɫƳС
ʲô
ףɽںĵƣ
Ȼɽڵĵӣ
ƺϤöƵ壬ԭЩƵĿ׷𣬻һ֣֮ɫʳǣĳ̶ֳɽڷģһ֮ҲɽڶԿ𣬵Ҳɽһĵӡ
Ĭãд˼֮ɫĿҶɵϣڵλѣҪӣ
ѴˣȻҪչһҶɼЧ΢΢һЦơ
Ƭ̺󣬽΢΢˵ͷһ֣˵ɽ֮⣬ûҵκ˲̤ɽȰ벽ҪúѯһСӼ⡣
⣡ԣüͷһ壬ҶǻӤ۷壬ӲǸսڲãһʵЩġ
ȥɣзִ磡һ֣׻Ե˵ͷ׷׶ݹһ𣬷ɳɽ֮⡣
ĻҶЩȻ֮ɫɻĿ˿ꡣ
ҶɵѰɣ굱һ磬漴һ䣬ƺһ㣬κҲ˽֮⡣
ⲻҶɸɻͬʱ֮Ĵ𣬴˾ȻϳԼ
ҶĳлֱԣҶ˵˵
ԣ˵ͷڵҶѲؼ⣬Ҷʳɽڼһҵģƺƽͺá
˶٣ƽҶѣһ䣬㵱Ҫӣ
ôкΪ֮𣿡Ҷʵ
ƽƬ̣ЦȻҶѿҪˣԺѯ⣬£ȻԷȥġ
ĳΪ˴£Ҷѣ֮£˾֪Ԫڴ̽䡣
ɹ˵ڲһӣ˵ǻɱ׻֣ǰеõϢǵҲڴ̽䡣
һЩֶǿӲɢޣҲĶȥʵЩΣա
ԣҶüһûϵ龹ȻأƽԼزʶ˽Լ˵ĶԴԼҶ˵ʲôҲŵģѾɱ˶ᱦͷҶһֻ֮ڣɫԲ΢΢
ŶƽѵĿ֪ҶĳôҶЦе˵
Ƭ̣ƽɫһ˵Ҷŵù£һͬصʳǣȻô󣬻صɽڣ֤һ·ȫ
ֱӻصɽڣȷǸ⣬Ҳ·ȫİ취ֻ·֮ǰ֪ҶĳǷ̤ϴ󡣡ҶһЦ
˾ȻԼصʳǣֱЦմ˵ΪԼȥϾͻ֣ᷭκҿҲܷŹˣ봫еҺʵôҲһ
ǺǣҶڿ϶ڻɣĳϾҪ˰ɣƽ˵꣬Ҷʼ磬Ҳû⡣
״ƽɫһڵĳΪʿֻǲռ˱ˣҶѲĳҲ֮С
ĳǿҶͬУҶѿ϶ҪµˣĳѾ֪Ҷѣ·СһЩǡƽ˵꣬ҶЩɻƽһȡһöνɫƣӡһʡ֡
ǶʳǵĻĳΣգֱӵǳһӦֿܰסԪһЩӡ
ڳⷢ¶ˣҶѾҪСˣܰģҲֻˣҶѣ·Сģƽһ̧֣ǽ˦Ҷɵǰ
⣡Ҷû뵽ƽǵûж֣һԼӣǷغʵԸԡ
նĵҶɻ˽ģΪԷһЩͺͶԷصʳǣȴǿµġ
ǺǣƽѹȻ紫Ű壬Ҷĳڴлˡ˵껰Ҷɵһǽ
ҶѣĳдģЩԽ£뵣ʲôĳֻǲжѣҶѵ治ͬУƽɫ֣صʵ
л⣬ҶĳһЩҪģͲͬˡҶЦЦ
ðɣѯһСӣǶʳ±޹أʹȥɡƽ˵껰ǳ磬ѯκҼ⡣
Ƭ̺ƽ֮ɫҶɹֵҶѣʱ件ӭҶʳͣ˵λЩƲĳ»ϲཻЩѵġԱϣƽƺЩεͷһӡ
ŶһǼȻûʲô飬ҶĳȸˣҶ˵껰˿˼䣬ڽκ뿪ɽȡ
պҶɶ˳һƬϿգҶһ٣ڵκңѱ㻹ǲҪˣЩһŻӤҲ͸㣬Ҫ֮Ҳܵеġ˵껰Ҷɶκһֻ
Ŵκһ֮ɫڸлֻҶâһαʧӰ١
㶵ĿҶʧĵطκЩӡλضʳǾҵѪְ֮ɣ˹ȻԽҵġ
ڻӤ뱦ЩûǱ֮ļعذҪлλˣҲ֪ԺǷлᱨˡ


495 ¶նɱ
󣬴һƬϿգŻ۵ӰӹΣԪĵӡ
ʦ֣ʮ˶ûд˵ϢǲͻصɽˣһԦŶݹ⣬˵һ䡣
ߣģ̽ϢСûлȥģǵˣˡһЦ
ûпձͳʿնɱһüͷһ˵
ףС뷨ûпܣʱˣӤϹ֣Ҳֻùˡһ˵
ϣҪ°ɣҵȾʮˣǶ֪ӱ˭ɱģȥ˫Ŀһе˵
ٺ٣ܴ˵ѰҴ˿ɲΪϵǧն֮˵Ӹдġ
һֿܣǾǵʦճϵ״ӣɣ˴֣֮˵ɣϴǧն֮Щ˵
ֻһֿܣһٺ٣ԻճϵԸһôô׵ģϾԭͿɣ֮ԡ겹һ䡣
˵䣬˵Ӱӹ֣֮£ʧ˴ƬգƬҲǻָ
ԼôһٷĹںȻһɫӰյĿԶдһ˿֮ɫҶɣ
ǰ·ʱҶԶ˵ʶ֮мɲϢǼæ֮Уҿʶ֮һ㣬ûзԼؼǸûп֮ڣҶɻǻᱻ䷢֡
ɣѵˣǵڴԪ۹նɱĻӣֲõҵǰȤԭʦ״ӣȥճҲһҶҡͷһЦ漴ݹһĳȥ
ԼĵԪƽҸ棬Ҷɲûߴ·רһЩƫƧ˵У˵Щ·밲ȫһЩ
·ҲԪɹŵĵӣΪǺܸߣֻڼǰɽ붼ʳǸλӤڵĴڣƺѰҲ󣬼ЩΧסҶǰŲƷԼϢնյ˳ȥ涼ûײ
ҶҲôصɽڣ·ΣأֻҪ˷֣ܽԷնɱҲᱩ¶٣ؿɾͲ̫ˣ˶ĴѰԼԷҲͬͷӬһĴײ
ҶɲûȥʼĽǣ֮ǰ·߳ҲûйȥϾɽ붼ʳ̫ҶɵﶼдɹԪĵӰأȻҲǿƶغʵƽʹթ
ºҶ·һƬϿ֮ʱкȻӰƺԭ·һ㡣
һŻ۵ֻ꣬лӤڵΪȥĸݣɫףȴһӡ
ԱһŮޣֻԲΪȴò绨ˣһ˵ӡ
ŮɫЩҰףż࣬һɫȹҲЩҵӣԻӵԴһЩ⣬京һ˿Թ֮ɫ
õסҶɵȥ·굱˫ĿһУ¶ɵ֮ɫ漴ЦЦ
ٺ٣λѼЦˣƫ¯һںһѵ˼㣡˵Ż굥һץŮһֱֻۣԶߡ
ҶɸҪȥȻ䣬üһתȥʱһֻâһ˵ļΣǱҶɷִŷĲ
ǰң˲ʿʱŮӲ֪ε˻꣬Ҷɼٷ
ãҶɼæת漴һһɫǸҪ԰ŮӶֵһնȥ
λѣǿ¯͸ǣ붯ֵģ꼱æһƣǿĵֵס˺ڽЩǵ˵
ٺ٣ԪĵӰɣ·̰ͼɫ䵥ûϳҲͰˣڣҲαװȥˡҶɫһ˵
ףѴԺ⣿ôʶµģһĪ֮ɫȴž֮⡣
ٺ٣ֻܹ̫ᣬǰļóŷڣ·ˣҶɻ䣬ɫųһźɫ˴˵Ӱ
ŮӼ״ЩĪҶɲΪԼų֣Ҳ֪᲻ԼŮЩǵĿҶɡ
һҽУ漴ǺĹЦ֮âһ鲢ûŮǰУǻص˺ڽ֮ڣŴصҶԣԸһɫȣһǻӤڵʿ鵹ǲû˷ֽ̫š
ˣСѾ˴ŷҶɴ
ʲôҶüͷ΢壬Լ٣Ǳ¶ˣ˵ǿЦü׷Ҷɶûгɹǰû뵽б˷Լ
ԭڸ·꣬ȻȻǱĳǳأôصɽڣһвͨˣĻò˶ãԪӶŴ˴ۼ
ҶЩûĿŮһۣŵһ£æڵǰСŮԸǰ
浹أ˵˵гǳأҶɫһ˵
ǸǰСŮӼæҶָ˸һǳأҶһǽŮߡ
ºһƬƽԭ֮ϣҶɽŮӼĨ֮󣬱˵棬ǲûΪˡ
ţ䱳âһ쭷ʩչǰһöзٶ֮죬һģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭա
º󣬾ݳ⡣
һɫӰٷҪǰǷãһöӲӵ֮ŵôûҴһ£æطڡ
ȻҶɣͨ԰Ůӵѻ֪ݳǵһɢޣҶҲ֪˳λãƬûеĸ·
Ҷڳмٸ·Ȼ࣬Ҳע⣬֮ǵûйܣһ·Ҷɽ
ͬע⵽ҶɵˣҲмӣԼʿȥҪǰΧҶɣһ˶ͣ׷鴫ŷ˵ȥЩ֮⣬ȴǲûиǰԸȥ
ڣһһĿҶɣȴмɻ֮ɫΪҶɾȻͬʱ˻Լɽںĵơ
λ˵ǣʵ
ҵݣʵٴȥҪȥɽһˡҶɫһ˵û˿ӡ
ֵǣ⻯Ӥ۷һ֮˿ûŭ⣬æͷŶȻʹСסգϷˡ
أҪ飬㵢鲻ȥ󡣡ҶЩڳжע⵽Լǿ̫࣬ͶˣȶԷһ¸˼սƶѱ
úãʹߴ룡˵꣬ǴҶɶݳ˴ҶżӣҲҵֺŭɽƵҶɡ
һʱҶɶһ޴ĽڣӤʿأڣ߰˸Լʮʿ
Ͽɽڴ󣡡һ£ʮӰ˵æµİڷʯһ֮һ޴Ĵ֮ϰâһ
״Ҷɫһһ̤˴ǿʼģԼ䣬˳һƬ֮Լһҽе˳
һѣιҶɵӰȻɽڵĴ͸ڣվһ֮ϣ˿û֤ݵĹĻ˿ͬʱҲеһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ƽ˹Ȼ˷ûлʹôҲ˳ֻҪƬʱ䣬ҶɾпܱԪ˶ס
󱻴ߵɲǣЩҽ֮ӦԪɱ˾ݳǵĳҶ붼ú£ԪʵȻֲȻ˷
ৣ
ҶɰңΪ㰲ȫʱ򣬸ʮӤʿ뽫ҶΧסһӵֵصɫһ塣
Ҷɻصźٴȥţֵص˵꣬Ҷɿ˿ܵƣɵһ·¡


496 ҺҺ
λ˰ɣҶĳɽڵӡҶüͷһ˵ͬʱתҲڴע⣬ֻǲ֪ҪӦ
ٺ٣ȻǿʦĵӣҲǰɽ֮ˣż㣬Υ֮ҪҵԶֲźãһЦʼĴֵصӡ
ԣҶɫһһֻ΢΢һƬ̺ȴǺȻһЦ
λʦ֣Ȼ˵ˣʦΥ֮ģոԶ봫ͣʦЩͷβ̫Ӧ֪ɷʦЪϢƬ̣Ҷ΢Ц
ðɣñˣЩûгϿ޷뿪ġ˵꣬Щ͵ĵȺ
ҶתƬʱ䣬˼һЩӦ֮ߣ΢΢üۼɨһܵȺ

㹦󣬴͸⣬Ҷɽ˫üĿ˿ɽڷʮɽڵӣڳĴ£ҶɰΧš
Ҷʦܣɣ˵껰òԵһơ
״Ҷɳ˿ԵʼҪȥԣǶ㲻ȥˣ뵽Ҷɶݹһ𣬱ɽڷ˹ȥǸ˺档
ɽɽǰֵصԶԶʮӰɵ΢΢һ㶣Ҷ֮󣬱¶һȻ֮ɫ
ʦ֣ǴҶʦǰȥŵģɽǰһֵص΢Ц
ŶҲӵϢˣɫһ˵һ䡣
ɽڣ·͸󣬾Ҫ·ˣʦˡֵص˵꣬óһ·
ٺ٣Ժģʦ˵껰ǴҶɣɽ˹ȥ
վסһıȣԶţһɫһֻƺߣԶס˵ȥ
ʦǣʦϴһ˿ɫӵһ䡣
ϻȻǽҵĵӣôʣǿɫһ˵Լ京һɱ⡣
ҲңʦҪᣬҲǽӵŵԲŴҶȥơʦֻû˵꣬Ǳǿͷһ֡
ʲôʸǰϻʦҲϷ򣬺ߣǿ˵껰ǻҶɣ֮˲Ķԡ
ʦٲӿ¾ͱˣҶһǿߡ
ǿƺ˹˵͹ڣЦڴ͸Ҵŵʱұڴ˵صȺˣû뵽Сôʱ䡣
ҶЦЦҪ˵ЩʲôֻԶݹһһɫӰ֮£ǳǰǴӦ
ʦ֣ʦҪˡӦҲûϻֱ˵⣬漴һһɫƳС
ǿüһµĹأƣһ㣬ǿҲɵ˫ĿһУҶɫ
ʦ֣㿴Ӧϻһ٣ûбǿĵĵȴ
Ƭ̣ǿǵ˫ĿȻâɫһ˵Ǽǿ˽˵ӣǾʦҰɣҲΪ㡣
⡭²ðɣӦЩΪѵ˵
ǿھƣʼûʲôòõģɽڵӣɽԼѵҪǿдҵĵӲɣ
ԣӦЩԶԣ˼ʱǿǲ䷳˰ֵµĻʦҰɣ˵껰ǴҶԶȥ
壬ǿһ·壬Ũֲµļش󷨽ƣͨǿ٣Ҳ޷ƿ
ɽ岢ɽһסǰˣΪǿûκεӣ۶ûУֻɽмɽڵֵصӡ
ڣǿҶɵγУһҶɱЩЩûбɽ·ߣĻ¾Ҫˡ
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⣬ÿٶȣҶüһת׽ǲھͿʼ·ɽ֮ӳȥֱƱȵ컹ѡ
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ǿ˵껰һһöɫУϣֻâһӿһɫϼֱ˴һǽ֮ϡ
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״ǿ΢΢˵ͷ漴һǽ֮ϻָ˿ʲô쳣ǿһ뿪˴֮ڡ

һƬİĿռڣЩʣмȴһСյشȥ쳣ùڶ̲ӯӯ
һŰľΣҶһľ֮ϣҲû˼ܾɫ˼ǧ˼ʲô
Ҳ֪˶ã·һǰҲ·ֻ˰ʱҶϴŽ֮ɫʱֻâһǿӰֶ
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һĻҶһʵڲεˣȻ飬ҶеʹȴǴ˴˿̵Σĵӿһ˿⡣
ʦǧƻһֱңΪҶʹ֮ɫʧȡ֮ǣһŨŨĺ⣬Ҷʹ޵飬ǱƭңǱεƭ
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Ԫ޷ҲѸȾҺҺĶˣޣ类ⶴڵɢѬ˯㣬ߡǿ˵껰һУಣҶɵĴ䵽ǿУҶɫ԰׼䣬һĻɵҡ


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ʶһɨͨ鱦ö߽׷һЩҩ꣬ͨĲϣһ߽ɫܣԼһʯ
ȥ洢ḻȴûǿҪĶ䲻ɵüͷһ壬֮ϡ
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Ҷ˫ĿһУֱ㶵ĿǰİǿǼͷҶɻΪ䱻˶һ㣬˵ԼܣȻǿˡ
Ϸȥˣҵˣǿ˵껰Ǵһ죬һǿϢͷŶҶɵһץȥ

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ˣֲʦܵƢֲǲ˽⣬Ҫ˺ŵӣ˵꣬ҡҡͷ
ԣӦϼæص˵ͷڵǣʦ֣Ǹô죿ȥᵤҩ𣿡
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ҲǲܽŵģһȫûʲôϣˣҲգڴ˵Ⱥ򿴿˵ɡ
˵껰ŷХǱĿȥеӣ·κҲ޷һ㡣

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Ƭ̣ǿЦЦͷҲգȻ鵽ֵزϷ͸㽲Ҳ޷ϣܴӦϷһ
ûκʸ̸ҶЦ
ԣǿʼ磬Цһͬģ²Ҫ̫ϣԺ·кܳ
ҶЩȻǿǵ˵ͷڵ˵ñˣʲô
ǿƺͺڣ˫ĿĿ˿ԶƺЩ˵Ϸȥǧ°£żȻɽ£ֽ𣬷һɽڡ
ʱУкŸĸ֮£򵥲鿴һСμ䣬㸸ĸڱΧϷŲƵԴ򣬾ĸĸ
صǧ°֮󣬷㾹Ȼոһ㾳ߵޣϷЩ⣬ȴҲûд㣬Ͼֻϵȣȴ㲻ö⣬ǰ˵ϷԸҲֻƭˡ
Ϸ֮ʱ㼸ζϷ֮УŴ漣Ϸſʼ۲㣬Ұа㼸Ρ
ϴ˵ļΣʵΨǴΣʵϷҪնɱ㣬ȴǱһ˽¡
Ŷ˵ìܣȻ֮ǰְңΪҪնɱҵģҶЩɻ
Ǻǣ˵ˣ뿪ݣҲܻϷߵУΪ죬ǶţҲϷиŵ߳ơ
ϷǿشӣϷһĻҲȣϧһţȻնɱˡ
Ϸ֮⣬ڤ˵˻󣬵Ǳ¶ɱ⣬ԾͶ֣ȴǱ
ϷҲϤϷ侲֮˲ܸ˵һ㣬ĸ漣ѾϷЩ𺳡
ȥãϷͽѦնɱ뿪ţɢĥǣȻݣɽڰţϷ˳µ㡣
ʲôѦȻնɱģֲϴ˵ʱҾ͸оЩԣ벻쾹ȻҲˣ֪Ƕˣ˭ҶЩ˵
Ϸһˣ㶼ʶϷи۲ǵʱ뿴㶼ѣϷע⵽㣬㣬Ӧʶɣǿ΢΢һЦ
㣿ҲͽܣҶЩȻ֮ɫʵ
̸ϣ˵ʶ⣬ѪѱԸȻֱƾԼҲԳԽϷԣмûнϷĺô
ϷҲǰаΣ˲Ƿ飬ԴӦϷ켸飬ȴǲĹ˳ġǿҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ԣҶɵ˵ͷԼʶ˵Ը񣬵ȷԼԦһǲķڷġ
ǻһʶģ֪˭Ҷɻ˵
ԣǿȴһЦڵϷȥǧ°££ȥʲôԱϣǿȻӣеغҾơ
һĻҶЩƿڴʱ򣬶ԷȻģԼ£ЦһԼµϹȥǧ¸ʲôȥˡ
ҶЩӣǿЦЦһʾϷȥǧ£ҲȥˣԲ㣬ֽ
ԣҶɸɻԺϤӰһ飬Ȼ˫Ŀһ뵽һˣԼͬһʱǧ£ȴǱԼЩ˳
˵壿ҶЩ˵ͬʱһ˿į֮С
ǺǣǴӣǶͨʿѷ֣ʽǰܳٶα졣
һ׵֮ԺٶȣǽἫ侪ˣǳ˿ɱȵġǿЩ̾˵
кãܸҶɺȻˣʶʱ˵ĶԻ嵱˵ɱ˾ɽƺҶɲֻ࣬ǵС뵽˶顣
ΪҪģûұľ绹Ҫߣǿ΢Ц˵ϴһ˿֮ɫ
ҶԣЩŵӣɲ˵ȷûѵ־壿
ϻϷ֣Ǽӳϣ¹ôʧٵģҪʱȴҲǼ
㻹ǽĸףΪ˸ɱǼǼСӣ类Ϸˣߣ˵꣬ǿҡеľƺ
УʣһˣѵǬҶɺȻһĪ뷨һ֮УӴ鶼ǳЩǬ


501 ǿ
Ǭǿˣüͷһ壬Щ
ϷҲûкر֮ߣСȴǹϷһһһ챦ѿ̣˵꣬ǿȻ¶Թ֮ɫ
һ˵ǬҲûҶɸоͬһ㣬ƺԴ뿪֮󣬽Լĵһˣžۣ⿪˼ѹĵ׵ţǵ֪λѲδ䡣
ʱϷط£һʦµĿռ챦帽ֵǬС֮ʣһ˿ȴ֪䣬Ϸ챦֮С
Ϊ޷֣ųϵС򣬸պýǬײϷ챦λá
Ϸ򵱼챦˿꣬˳ƿռ䱦ｫϷߣѿȴǷ쳣Ϸע
Ҳ֪Եʣ˵գûﶪ˿ռѷ죬ǬСӾȻԼ򵥿ƣֱӱ棡˵꣬ǿԼҲЩ
ôܵģΪǬƵǼ챦˵Ҳӹһ٣ֻǲ֪ĸ棬Ƿ񻹻šҶЩ૵˵һ䡣
ңϷҪ֪ԭ߱罫ˣƻ㵽棬ҲˣȫװαŪˣҵʵ壬лԵǿЩû˵ӺǼ
ҵȣվΪҶ˫Ŀһ˵
ԣǿҲǱ֣Լ䣬¶һ˿ŭ⣬ҲֻϷƻһ̣ⲢĿġ
㲻ǴŵλðɣĴԣǰż̳ˣȴǱŴʦˡҶ˫Ŀһ
ţߣϷԭûںλãֻʱΪһЩ飬ϷҪţʦı⣬ĵĽҵλԼȫתǿЩ˵
ҶЩɻӣ˼Ƭ̣ʵȻں֮λֽƻһ̣յĿģʲô
ǿ˫һɣƺҡͷЦһ̾ϢʲôĿģҲ޷ˣϷҲԸܡ
ԽһЩر͸㣬⣬ϷЩǼˣԣϷЩ˵ıΪһЩϣܹҸǼ͹ȥϷΪǼ׼õ
ǵˣϷҲ޷ˣҲȫ߰ɣɱϷ򣬵ϣ֮꣬£ܹϷһԸ
Ը˵ҶĳûҪֵ˼˵͸˵Ĳҵǿ԰͹ȥҶɲÿɷ˵
ðɣϷ򣬾ͽѹĵǧ£˵ǿ˫ĿĿԶؽ

ݣڣ
ĳջ֮УɫӰУһĸݵߣ˫Ŀ΢е˼ʲô
棬һ꣬ȥЩʣһʱӣǺɽϹֵͽܡ
ʦӴѾɽȥ˽˳صˡ˵
ʲôȻϣɽڲŹӣϧ˵껰ɽϹɫȻį
ԲʦӴ˷ǵûеõҩҲûնɱˣ˵껰ЩĬ

ڣСյĹǿŽȥ˵˸ţͬʱҶ겻ѣҡͷ̾ϢĿ˿һǷϵǿ
ԭǿһ򾳽ƫͣûʲôջ񣬵ڶνУȴɹźĵ˾ͽлУᵽӴʵѹɸ֡Ϊ˾ͽлɹڶӰˡ
ټǿǰŲС츳ˣǳɹӤɽڶǿΪŽӰˣǿ
ʱǿνǷŵΣĹ֮ʱ׷֮ˣŵĺĵӣ׷ǿŮӣ˵ʼദնľܾ
Ϊǿֻ˫ް¡̺죡
̺죬ЩʷˣŮһ׿Խɢޣٹǿشǿǿʦǿߡ
˺ǿʼѰҴˣϴŮ쳣ϻۣÿζɹѣභ˶꣬ǿγԱ񣬸ӶԴŮ
˿ĿİභǶ£㺣ͶϣΪһĹ˫ް£ǿֵԸ񣬶Ůպû˼ϸֶҲ
̺ǿĴ£ɽڰʦһִȥս̽Ϣʱ̺챻˾ͽлƺ
ǿ֮󣬵״̬˾ͽлսڿҪնɱ֮ʣȴǱϵɹŵ˾ߡ
صźǿټһʦֵǰȥɹűвصĺĵӣ˾ͽлĹƣǿһ˻ȫû־ŭ
ǿţԼڵӣǿɹţƱҪԼİ̺죬ԼԼеͬű
ʢŭ֮£ȥǿ̳ŵλãҲǽԸأƷ²ż汸ŷХ
ԭǿںʲô֮λҲֻܵȴԼ̳֮ʱɹƴһ
ۼ͸ŷХԼ֮λᣬ޷ŵӣǿνңĻ䣬һ֮ʵ޷Կɹŵ˾ͽл
˺ǿշ񲣬ͷɢԾΪ飬Ҳ˼ȡķΪɱ˴ֺûаʱרΪִ򣬶ȾƲǮʱ֮ΪƷӣˡ
ҲǳģԭΪ˼ǿû뵽ǿȻ׻ķϣ̳֮£ɽĵ·ĽŷХ
ǿ־ڱصãΪ׵˻Ӥ۷壬ʧһϴν˵ɶλӤȻ޷룬ǿȻ֮⡣
ʱǿԪֻʣ˼꣬ȵ´ǾԲˣ£ǿֻٴγƿ׵˻ӤԲ˵ǧҲ޷Ԫǧ֮󲻳⡣
ν֮ǿ㲻ٳǰ˲ţ׼´ν߱Ѱ˲ţΪݵĶ˲ţѰɽˣǿΪ˶Ŀȥ˶Լ
ڴݱԵ˺㣬ֻԸŵϾƹЩƣ֪Ͼƹȴ飬ԸǿΪ飬˵ƾԼҲԴﵽǿĲΣɼԸ񣬵ǿϧ˲ţǰа˼Ρ
ڶ죬˳Ǹ츳ǷڴҲǼѵõҪԸȣǿиΪͻͽĸȴǱǿ˻ȻļУĸһ֮¡
֮ȴ壬ǵףֻһףǿ常ױɱļʹ˹¶ʼǣ޹ҵɢ֮á
ǿһֱעż¶ĳɳֻᰵ¶Σյɽ£ǿȥǡҶɣ˳ֽ£ԼҶɵĸĸʹҶҲΪһǣ޹ҵĹ¶
ǿץ˵ĸĸһΪ˱ǣǿüǣ޹ҵɢң˵Щ˿ܳΪԼĵơ
տʼǿʱû̫עҶɣ˵ƵţţڴݴѶǣǿҪֶš
κҶܻǿļ¶нӴǰʱǿҲ˳־ΣǿеҶŴ漣츳
˽ñﶼǿ˱ˣҩҲǱòϵģŽҶɣǿֻҶɻҽ
ҶǿпޣûָܹᵤҩҪĿģҵעǿ²⣬һЩһעҶϣ˲˶ᱦĿԡԲŹҶΪͽ
ǧƻ˶ֻǼƻеӣҲֻһ̣ǿĿģҪͨ˾ͽлΪɹ֮λѽ֮ͨԼ׸֡
ֻǵҩҶߣЩǿϣ佻Ҷɵľͷ¶ҲУΪ˭õҩ޷ϣֻҪͷǿ˲ϵߣ˵˵ˣҩǿ϶ǻߵģֻϧǿʧ㣬ҶһֱûöǿҲһֱҶɳ⣬µҪȥ
ҶɻصɽڣǿƭĽؽ֮ڣʦ˺£ΪŷХΪظȴǺ壬ְλᴫ
˵Ҷ壬ǿ²ⶼ˽ģԼʵڲԼԪȥҶɵТġ
򵥵İ취¶Ҷ޷Ҳʦͽ֣õ֮ǿʵ˺ҶɣĿĴɺˣͼ¶һЩԼ꣬ǿԼ¶Ρ
ֻҶɴ˵㲻öţһ漣ϣҲ֪нⶾ˵ǿ⣬ֻܷһֽԳ֣׵ҶоУҶҲȷûʩչԿ֮š
ǿ֮һֿҶɣɲĵ㾿ʲôƵϷĲԼҵıԣҶ¶һصЦݡ


502 
ʲôȲ˵㵱ˣҶɿ˿ǿ˵˵
ǿͺҾƣĨĨ죬̾ϢԭͶ֮飬ǿ˵ֶΣ߻еġ
ʦ˵֮Ըͽ͡ǰҪնɱϷʱұǲ͸˵ʦ仰
ԣŹϷҲûлŵˣ𣬾޷ȥˣֻϣԺ֮ʱܰϷԸϷ޺
Ҷҡͷ̾Ϣһһ̺ȻǿܿʲôµǿߣһŵѪʹµˣһֻ˵Щϧɱ̾
Լܣ׽ǿѣǧƻʧܣۼԪʧȥ˻ŵĿ꣬׸ǿƣ󣬶Ĵ±ȵһεõתŷХҪǿĻ䣬־
ڷǿϾͻȥ˾ͽлΪţҲûκ壬ֻȼԼķ
ķ㣬㵱治ΪңԺкδ㣿Ҷ˫Ŀǿ
СӣԸ񣬲˵ͬϷһ㣬˵βֶΣ˵ĵǲʧȥġ
Ϸ𱨵ģŹңҲӣΪһȥɹţ԰飬ϣܰϷ򣡡˵꣬ǿ¶һ֣֮ɫ
ȻҶ̾Ϣһ˲ǿԸҶɲ˼һǿҲΣⶼԼֲ˶ҩ˷ŹˣҶָоģɱҶ֮ǰ֪֮ʵ²ȥ֡
˵½ƣҶɿɲұ֤Լ߽׵Ĵڣñǿƿ˵˽ǿ˵ʱܹȫ뿪ǿƿƺܾͻ
ԼŸĸܣ϶۸ĸԼһ˻һԪ˿ҲѰ
ãҶ˫Ŀһ漴һ৵һ£һֻӲӵСС
״ϵǿ˫ĿһҲ֪Ϊڽ͹͸евΪǿسŵûж
ҶЦЦ漴ָһžһһȴǿտյⲻǿ΢΢һ㶡
״Ҷɵ˵ͷڵ˵û㲻š
ʲôôܣԱϣǿϵĴüͷһ塣
ڶУȴǵõһ綾Ҳ˶ģ˵ŻҶſһ磬һžӨ͸ľְա
飿ֲãֲܹȻԭԱˣ˴򶾲ˡ
ɽֵ֮ϣ磬ǲģϧˣȻûǿʧ˫ĿҲǰȥ
Ҳûģ˵ûȴĵȴǱҶĳٵˡҶɺȻ˵һ䡣
ʲôе⣡ǿЩŵ˵
Ҷʼ磬ҲˣǿյģҲܽ棬̽ӣᵤǱһٵˣ磬Ҳֻһ֪ҶЦе˵
ԣǿ˼Ƭ̣˫Ŀ·ȼһ˿ϣƬ̺ȴٴ
Ĳϣ²½ܹģ˵Ҳ缦߰Ĵڡǿҡҡͷ
Ҷһವһһöһģĳǿǰ΢΢һ㶡
ԿǷЩϣƾļʶ϶ǿģЩҵȷûڴݼҶɫһ˵
ǵǿЩִһ˿ɻ鿴ϲɫһ漴ü沿任ϡ
ãǿо˸ͣڵСӣ²ĵɣֻвϣ֮ġ
мζҩ϶УǵֻȱЩ϶ѣƷҶĳס֮ѽٵҶ΢΢һЦ˵
Ϸʲô˼ǿüһʵ
ӦףҶЦŻشһ䡣
Ĭ㹦ǿ˫ĿһУͷϷռϣȻƵҩ
˵ĻϷиҪڵżҪǵȸ֮ŴϵĻܷƳĵҩϷ
ģǿʳԣ׺󣬶ȫѰϣϾ㻹ᣬеʱ䣬ϷȴǱȲ㣡
ԣҶüͷһ壬Ϊѵӣ״ǿæڵСӣܾһ£ЩϷ򣬵ʱҿԷħѪ㱣֤ģΣ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷɵҵĸĸ
㵱Ȼȫߣýڵ㸸ĸֻҵĶ֮УȫģһҲӰ졣ǿͷ
Ҷɾþûд𻰣ǿڵǽƷԺԿҲ㣬Ӵ˺ֻܹ붴죬Ϸ򶼽ȥһ㻹ʲôĵģ
ɶİɣ˼ǲ˺ǵģٶȰ˵
ǰλǰͷ˼Ұɣ
ûĻǶ׵Բܻˣ
˼ҶǺܺõģʱ򻹽죬׾飬ϣǰҪ˺ŮЩ˵
ҶЩӣԭΪԼھˣƺԼ˶ˣӣǿЩƺĲҶҲͷ
㣬Ҳ½ƣȻ;ڣƷԼԶòˣˣ֪λǣҶ˵˵껰Զһ㡣
ವһɫһģ֮£ǻصҶɵУǰûⱦͨ͸УҲһĻصҶɵǰϼһ֮£ȻΪһƾɵĻɫȥͨͨӡ
ʲôɣɼһǬǿҪ˵˵ݣȻ𾪵Ҷеķ


503 ŵ
ʶöҶץƾɵɫ˵һ䣬ǿش𣬺Ȼɫһ䣬漴˦ա
۵һ
ɫȼһɫ棬ǻΪһ̵ʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
״Ҷһ㶣漴¶һ֮ɫǵݣСϹ͵ġ
һ͵Ļв飬ֻ˵Ƿؼʱ̿ԾҶһΣҶһֱûù׵Ժ󣬶˴С
κҳ֣Ҷɽ齻öȻ֮ڣҲڴǿ˹ȥοɾΣˣҶҲû뵽Ч
ϧˣǬǰʦ伮мأɻûʩչ﹦ͻûԷһģһĹ״ұ˫
ɸʩչƱĹ״ٰ仯ֲϷ֣ԭǰɼ֮ϣ˿ԩˡ
͵ϷڹԼһ㣬ҲϷûжȫԼ˫Ĺûء˵껰ǿ·ãƺͺڡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһõˣ䵹ǻɣһϹӣ챦
СӣӦϷȥһˣʦֵԸӦţԺٻž۰ɣϾǳȥʵġǿ˵˵漴̷һŵҩһϢڽϱ۴âһۿɼٶȣһֱֻۡ
˵濴ǿȻްϢٴγӯֻǿԼһƣʱھ޷ָˣҶҲȫ
ҲãԺΪ˲˻ɣҵȻʦͽưɣ˵껰Ҷﴢ֮Ÿĸ䣬̷һŻָĵҩͬǿ뿪˶֮ڡ

ôûûĪʦ׼ƿڣŷХüͷ΢壬Щɻ
৵һ
ʱĳƬǽ֮ϺȻϼһʼŤͬһˮ㵴ͣţǿҶɵӰǳ˴˵أ
ŷХҶɻų֮ϢЩ鸡ɵüһ
ʦܣˡŷХ΢΢һЦ˵
ߣɣʦ˺⣿ǿɫһ֮ϡ
ҶûǳŷХ˹ֵҶɼţоŷХа㷨·Ȼһ㣬һ޷ֿļ֮С
ŷХ񣬷·ֻҪԸ⣬ɱԼһԼǰҲúܿԣƺױɱԷ͸ָоҶɻ״γ֣аԾͨǿߵĿֲʵ
ţȻҲҪԬҰûа㣬ʱûж֣Ѿǰˡ
ˣ֪ҿɷһ䣬˷õһţţ˵꣬ŷХ˫Ŀһ
ţ˷Щ⣬沢ûҶɫһ˵
ԣŷХü΢ϲû̫ı仯Ц˵ǿյģԱϣ˫ĿһĶҶɡ
һ飬ѱҶ˵ſһ磬ճһžӨ͸ľ
飿ԭˣļֵԶˣȻлԵõϲˣŷХͷ˵˿û˼ֻеҶʵͨ
İɣʱǿҡžƺҲŷХ˵һ䡣
ǺǣȷʵˣҲλ˵еӢۣϣܼɽڣʵڲزۣŷХ˵꣬˿ǿ
⣡ҶڸоӲɽѾûʲôˣŻܵһЩԼֻǵ治÷ŷХ
ôǲԸ⣿ʲôѴǲ룬Ҳǿ㣬Ѵ˵ҿܷ
Ȼ֮ǰƣѾţڵǺױ׷ɱŷХ˵꣬˿ɫЩǿ
Ҷԣһ˹Ȼͬǿ˵ǰ㣬²ż汸嵱ȣԼûڣȻַԼǿǿӣҲԼԼһѡ
迴ңȻҵͽܣݲţҲʲôԼáǿŷХ˵
ǺǣȻʦҲڲˣ㻹кԥɽڵĹأԲԼ㣬ֻҪ㲻ȺɽھͿԡ
ɽŴڶһԺٳȥ£Ҳ᷽㲻٣ҶҲûһɻɽڵԴĵźѡ֮СŷХƺ˵
⼸仰˵ҶɿǶˣΨһںܵԼŲԼĺôҶɵǿ
ţɷʣĻʲôҪ֮ǲ׼ġҶЩ˵
ûֲͦܵʦѡ㣬Ȼй֮ûбǰͷԡ
˵һûУԼҲţԷģûн׻ӤԲʱ򣬶㲻ʲôҪҲ
㵽˴Բ֮ʣԻ㣬ʱҲԾܾҲ뿪ɽڣ˵ȫûӰģôŷХͷ̾
Ҷ˫ĿһУԼڻûбõʸ񣬲忴Լûʲô俴ǿһ֮漴΢΢һЦ
лź񰮣ҪܾĻǿЩʶ̧ˡҶ˵꣬΢΢һЦһӡ
Ǻǣã˿ҲȱٱˣһЩΪĵҩԼźѡɽڼӤʿִߣڻʮˡ
Ժʲôϵ⣬ʦڣҲңˣʦܣҾͲˡŷХ˵껰ֶҶһһģ֮£ʧ˴˵ء
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Ҷڶסһʱ䣬븸ĸһž۵֣֮Ҷɻ뿪˶죬һΪ׼ӤҪѰĲϣԼʥħĲ
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ҶɲûżԼصľ¥ԱչϾ˷Σأڷ粨ûйȥ׼һ
Ҷľ֮ڣŲΪɽڵĵӣǲȹֱЩ˷Դˡ

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ˣϣ˵潫ʦ֣һʵ
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ǺǣᣬҾʶѣЦЦ漴տڲ

Ҷһ֮ϣ°ͣ¶˼֮ɫʱ佫˵㣬Ҷ׼Ĳ㣬ҲǻӤڲչֳһ㡣
ȻЩǿһˣ֪һ˭ҶҲÿѯʣմ²֮
һ°ǰ飬ҶɵЩ飬ԼϹӵľ¾Щ鷳ˣϾԼĵǿ׵ؾͱǿƿʵͲһΡ
Ϣһʱ䣬ҶɽĲ͸֮ٴʱһĹȥͬɮ붨һ

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ȻҩɽڣϧˣҲãԱȫõҩҵõҩĽӦһġ
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ΪκȥѾҪݴʦ˵꣬漴Ȼע˺ɫս֮ڣǽɫɽѹƵЩֿסϾ˾粻һ˵ͬǺڣȴǴﵽ˺۷壬ƾ跨ۺͿѹҶɵͬױ
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˶˵ĶԻҶȴЩˣ֪ϾƹжٳˣԭΪǾǵ̫ţһǿһٰʮȴת䡣
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ϵ˵صʱ򣬾ͿЩ֪һĻԭֻ׷Ҷɣ֪ʱֳˣȻվ˺ɽϹֵԣʱ׼ֶսҶɵӡ
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һߣԭٻʵ൱ȫܹסٻ䴦СģŪ˻ٻһ㣬վηηš
һṦ򣬻ٻ·Ҳ˼ۼҶɶΣգٻȻЩʧ񣬱ı﹥ǰ
״ɫһ䣬·ٻ˱Լ˸أæ֣Գһ㣬ٻɣһƺߣһᣬ·׹ȥ
Īһݹһ֮£æŻٻȥڻٻ˫һ죬׼סٻ
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״ªɽ˿˵ɵüͷһ塣ٻɲҪΪΪʦ֣뿪²ܲģ
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һƬԭ֮ϣǿҶ˵棬Ϣ£ҶɲŻָǿһµӡ
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Σлˣ˵꣬ҶɫһĿǿ
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509 ݷХ
һºҶɵӹһƬԭϿգ֮ǰǿֱҶɱһֱ˼ųªǾ仰
ӣǿŨŨĺ⣬˵ǿǸʲôˣǱϿ򵥣ҶɵǸо˵ѣ·ǿһ㡣
ֻԼʵ΢ûжԶԷ̸ʸ񣬷ҶʣǸʲôǺɽϹ֣һһǿˮݣƲӣлһ֮ɫ
ǿʲôˣҶаһɢŽɫ飬¶˼֮ɫҲ֪ԼãǵԼܹ
ǾҶɵٴɽϹֻ֣÷һתŽǷȥ׼һʥħĲϡ

ǣһջУһɫһꡣ
˵Ҷɱ׷ˣϢɷʵ˵꣬üͷһ塣
ǰڳд̽ãڳŻõϢҶǰȷҪǣɽǰ׷˳ȥ˵
˫ĿһУƬֶ̺ԷһֻڵˣˣǸı꣡
˵껰һģʧ˴˼侲ңԭΪɽɽؾ֮·û뵽Ҷʧ֮ۡ

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ϲ⣬ʮӤʿԪϣһüͷ΢壬Ҳ֪˼ʲô
ϣԪƵƵɽڵӣѵǾ˿ţһݵ˵
ԣ˫ĿһУߣ˼ɱԪӣƾ޾ѲɻܹȻ˼Ԫݣ
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ЦһڵߣӦϣû££ɽŷХ⡣
üͷһ壬ʵϣǰѵӶɣɽڵǵ̵ңֲʵտġ
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˵Ŀŵ׷ɱӣɣʦճҲܷŹˣָ˶Թɾͺ֮ûʲôϵˣϾҲȰƢĻգٺ٣˵껰¶Ц΢Ц

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ڳѰ£Ҷɼʵûʲôջ񣬱Ǵ뿪ǣȥƽǿ˵ڼһϢûеõҶҲ֪޷ż
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Ŷĳȿ˵ܰ쵽ģһΪХ˵Żǲ鿴ϵļء
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ãҶѷģһЩϵϢĳһһʱ֪ͨѣˣ˷ҶѲڴ˵СסһʱգҵҲýХ£֮⣬ܻ˵
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ߣԶϹΪ߹ңĳΥǹ棬Ϊĳû취
ĳϱʳǣ˹ҾͲβƥ򡣡Хŭһžһһǰʯ֮ϡ


510 
Ҷԭȥֳ֣ӲҶǰȥ£Ҷɱֳ˹鱦˵߼ڴ˵˶ֵġ
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ֻǳڶʳǣ߼Ҳ˺ȴҲŷǹ棬̫ӣĳ̶ֳ϶ԣʵǸʵ߼ҶҪʤֳһ
ԶΪ߼棬ŻӤ۷ʵ˵׼ҪչسԲ֪֮ΪκȻ˶ֻ˼ǧϹɲһ㻯Ӥڿɱȵġ
ҶֳԶԶؿڶһһۣŰһѺɫ޸ֿһɫǹǸ߽ͨ鱦
ԶԶΧһЩڣһЩҲڸһûиΪ߼߰ӤʿҲս֡
ǿ鵤ϷһϴɷĿŶһꡣ
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Ҷɣ壬˵һݾΥ˷ܣһ̤Ҷǰ
㿴ңҿ㣬ڶԷпŨŨ꣬ƺùֻһ񣬱ԸоǷֵ顣
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ϹôǲȥڽһЦ˵
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η˳ǹ棬ϷҲԸֻܷϣҶѸ̧֣׷£Աϣȡһ˹ȥ


511 Ե
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΢΢һ㶣漴ЦЦͷû뵽λǰȻˣֻǽף㣬ĵӣҵȻǸԵ
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512 ɽĺ
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ԣҶüͷһ壬˵ǰȻһӰֵصӶӳ㣬ҶҲϤϾһͻġ
Ҷʦ֣û뵽˷ˣλǣһ֣ɻĿ˿塣
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⣬ȻҶʦֵѣȻû⣬ɽڿɲὫ˾֮ģ룡˵껰༸ֵصʹ˸ɫ˷׷׷С
лʦ֣ģҶ˵껰Ǵ弤ߣ䷽壡
Ƭ̺ɫһ壬żֵصŭԴҪˣȻҶʦ֣˼ʲôݣ˵
ǴڣҲûʲôȨֱԼֻܳϻߣŷҶʦڿźѡˣ
ǣʦ֪ˣæͷЩµӡ

պϿգҶһţ·ӰڳĳӤƿ
ΪϵĲ࣬·˽ûиӦڹ۲ǣĿ⣬ǽһӰ۽Ǵۡ
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һü죬ûжһ£ʼĹţҪ׵ӰεĿ̻ԺһΣһС
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Ҷһֻ˫ĿһÿĿǴŲµӹʶһɨҶŨŨľϲи˷ܲѣоЩӦ㹻Ԫٴνˡ
Լչ֮ҲûɽڶʮչĶֱ࣬ûᲢۣԼӳʲôҲҲ޷չ
Ƭ̣Ҷѹѹм΢ЦлӦϣ˵٣ǣǲ
ʲôҶɣЩ㹻һˣ㾿Ҫ٣Ӧϱһ㹻û뵽Ҷθ
Ҳ޷׼ϣֻ˵ԽԽãչЩʯԼϣһЩ߼ҩ㹻Щķˡ˵껰Ҷɱȡһֻ׸Ӧ
ӦֻǼһбǾһû뵽Ҷ־ͿóңԼ˵ҲõĳҲ⡣
ҶɣŽģЩջȥɣȻ˵ҾʹȥչʵǰѾѰˣϷΪЩ㹻ʹõġ
ҪģϷ֪ͨеӣڸչ޷㣬򶨸һӦЦ
ԣҶЦЦֵлӦϣǱˣЩҾͲջˣϿŰŰɣʵڲУ͸Щչйĵӡ
ãȻ˵ϷҲٽ顣ӦϼҶɵƺȻ꣬м֮⣬һᣬҶɱת뿪˴

ص壬Ҷɷ廹﷢Ѿ˰֮ãҶû壬˫Ŀ΢е˼ţǿΪնɱ׻
׻ɹŵˣնɱҲ˵ùȥϾǿĳ˾ɹŵţǱʳǵĴӣҶʵҲһʵɽնɱ
ǿĻ¿϶ƣ֮ѵĵйأΪûλӲμ
Ҷ˼֮ʣȻתϳ֮ɫʧȻֳһЦݡ
ţⲻΣҶɣ߰ɣݿǣȵٻʱ㸸ĸҸףӦÿ˳ˣҶɿе֪˵ݣҶ΢Ц˵
ԣҶһ꣬ݣȷǺþûлȥˣԭҪЩǿѰҲϣݿҶҲûзԡ
ǼʶֶΣԶǴǰɱȣԶ˻ӤڵΪҪɶݻݣһһأҲҪ˷Ѽʮʱ䡣
֮£Ҷɴ˴͸ʹɽڴֱӴ͵ɽڣһݵѣι󣬱ǳһ¥֮ڡ
Դ˵ȻЩİҶƺᳵ·΢ЦĶ˵߰ɣô˵ҲǸϻݣǶ˵ٶȣòһµʱ䡣
ԣЦЦڵȻǸʱֵܽһţͽֵˣһ첻𣬵򣬿϶˸ǡ
Ҷʼ磬ƿ¥ĴţҿûȤţڵĵزֻߵøߣܵŵǣ
ǺǣҶɣҵȽ״ԲЩܣɽͨ붼롣̾ϢӦһ
룿ôɹûϣҲҪ룬ˣŻŬĶǡҶɻû˵꣬ͼѲߵӿٵļ
ʲôˣڴ͵ֵ֣صƺʶҶɶˣ䣬ڵӱΧ˹һɲ֮ɫΪǾȻ͸Ҷɶ˵ǳҲ֪Ϊλɽڲش͵֡
ģûܵˣҶЦ˵
ԣҶһڣӤڵǿϢһţ֮˵ɫһףһƺߵĵ˺üһֵŶˡ
ҶɣҲɽڸţīųңҶɫһ˵
ԣһӵɫһ䣬ڵԭǴ˵еİ׷ţīɵţڶţ˵Щ쳣λŶѾǰˣ
쳣Ҷ˫ĿһУ˼˵һ䡣


513 
ôȥȣҶɶ뿪ɽڣֱȷȥ·̲סʵ
ӦʲôܣΪ̫ԲҲҴī˶ȥˣӦʲô⡣Ҷ˵꣬¶˼֮ɫ
ŶǾ͹ȥ澿ʲô˵꣬׷ȥ

ݣһƬɽϣĵӰϥǻٻʦͽˣɽϹ֣Լ
ʦãٻ鵤ϷԷһŸϣܹ˳ɽϹ˵˵һ䣬ǺΰĽ֮ɫ˫ĿŹĶŻٻĺЩ֮ɫȴǱٻεúܺá
ɽ˵Ҷţͬʦƣٻ鵤˵࣬Ӧùá
ϴٻˣָƵһЩʱ䣬ƿˣ˵նɱˣ棬һǻ޵ĺáª˵
οˣһ˫ٻװղ󣬲ٻһͬҲһЩ׵ļʣɽϹ˵
ԣٻü΢壬ȿڣªֵԺ˵ٻǵһγԲƿʹ˫֮ģϾ³˵֮Ǵ˷ɣǿԿһһϲٻ¶֮ɫ

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ӷЩȸʿѵйȼʦһš
ԣī˿γɻҵȵĵӣȫ䲻˼߽׵ĳϣҲͬʱ䡣
Ǹϵʱ򣬵ȷûз˿˿γѣ·ʲô
γ˫ĿһУҡͷ·֮ʱԶԶһ⣬ȵ׼˲˲նɱ˸߽ףҵĲ²⣬һֻιǵõʬˣһСջ񡣡
ӷλʩջٵνҪɱͿ̿ǿ꣬Ҳûڻ򲻹޷սʤǣǲڽ£½ģȼʦǵ˵
ƾ֮޷Ƴƣ£ֻܵȴԶʱ򣬿ǺҲһսʤγ˫Ŀһ
ףʲôˣӤʿʱīȻһתףݹ⣬ٵĳŴ˵طٶʵԼ֮ϡ
λѣ겻ݹ⼸ģ֮£ǳǰһЦ˵
ҶѣףӤڣ׻Ӥڣγ¶һ֮ɫȼʦüͷһ塣
ҶѵϷ²⣬ҶѼȻܻκħΪҶѣλǣīҲ𾪲Сɫ򶨵˵
ҶҲûнʲôֽһ˻ĴһкϾǻӤ۷壬Ȼҵ
Ҷɿż˿֮΢ЦλҵֵܣҲü⣬Ҵ˷ǻݣ˳·ɽڣ˵ȷʲô仯
ŶֲҶʩɸ·ǳ˸ֵ߽صĵӣѾ˶ʮˣȼʦüͷһ˵
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Ҷ͹۲˴˵صĽƣѭƣݶƪҲûƽ֮ƾǿĻƻϲѭĻָٶȡ
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Ŷ˽ҵҶѶ󷢵衣īҶƳɽҵ飬ǽƣŶ޷ƳҶȴ׵ؽƽ⡣
ԣ˵ԶϹŽûյ鵽Ҳǵͷͬ⣬漴˿Ҷɡ
ѿ弸ҶΪī˸˵ͶҶóϷҶɵͷ֮£˲Ÿʩչƴغ˽ơ
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˵ĻҵȾͲҪоˣĳ˸߽ҩλϱɽڼɣԻǰɱҶҲЩΣղһնǧնˣȻԽ첻ʲôв
ī̾ϢһεҲֻˣӴ˽˵أԲﲻ̤㣬⣬˳ػһˣǱ㣬ֻϧһĺó
Ƭ̣Ҷɹֵ˵Ļ¾ȸˣǻصݻЩ飬λѣСҶɻ˵֣Ȼ۽һӦ֮£Ԫ΢΢һ
һ̣˱ǿҶɫ΢䣬һâԼ䣬һŴСĻɫʯ壬۵һûȽ֮ڡ


514 
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˿𾪵ģҶԼˣԪ֮Ҳ֪ΪΣȻԪ޷ƿأзȡ
˱Լն˫˵߷ķʱ䣬ս֮ʱòϣҶҲԸԼΨһԪޱԵ޹ʵзߡ
ѵǲûгԵʣҶ˵̱ϾʿıҶҲûа취ֻԪ޷򵥵һǿʹ硣
˾ȣҶɼæ̧һ㣬һ֮ɵĹ⽣ֶ۵һûȽƹ֮ڡ
ףҶѵĹƺҲܵƵ赲γЩ˵īһ˼֮ɫΪⲢնīûϳ
Ƭ̣Ҷ˫Ŀһ֮ǰնںǧնڣ˺ҹûз֮ܽ赲
৵һ
ʱҶϼһȻһɫ֣һɹɾ֮ɢȥҫޱȡ
һ̣ҶһȽƹַȥ֮ɵĹ֣Ҷ˵Щǿ̽ƹڰӡ
ʲôҶѾȻܹȥγһ֪ҶʩչʲôֶΡ
˿̣ҶѾֻʣͷ­ֱۣӶѽУȴǸоһų֮·Ҫ䵯ȥһ㣬Ԫ޷·ûӰ졣
ʱԪ֮ȫһߣҶɫֺȻһʢоų֮һᣬҶɳ˽˼䣬һߣǿû֮ڡ
⣬ҶѾôȥˣγЩŵӣ
ӷҵػһʱ䣬Ҷʩɣȼʦ˵
īû˵üͷ壬Ҳ֪˼ʲô˫Ŀ΢УȥЩǵӡ

һƮɢŵɫɽڣïֲܵ꣬һֻֻҰ޲ʱûּ䣬żᷢһЩͽޣһſŴִϡ
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ҶɵӰվ֮УЩɻĿ˿ܣǵõһνȵʱΧû޳ֵģ֪ιʳ˵ͽޡ
ƹִų֮˵رûˣҶɸоΪԽߣų֮Խʹ֮Уʵ˽ң֮ĻҶɵ뽫ҲֻϧԪҲޡ
˵Ҷѧն֮󣬵һξʹõģҲǵԪ޻ָ֮ر죬ЩҶɶûзģΪԪԼ䣬Ӧ̵λá
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ҶʶһɨǷɽԪ޸Ӧ̾Ҷɲ²ӦڵʯǰһֱӺҶӰûС
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ҶɾϢͬ㣬һ֮£û˵棬·ȥٶȲ죬ʮڷɽ⣬֮Ҳȫתʱ׼Ӧ⡣
·УҶ߰ʮ֮󣬱һ٣Ԫ޸Ӧ̣ҶɣҲо·ƺһӣһ뵽ϵڤ飬ҶзĲ١
һ·ʱڼԪٻ̣ζûгɹ·סһ㡣
ǺǣּˣҶСѣȻҶֻ΢΢һ漴ܷɿߣȻγһտյش
ҶɵĶ棬һʵģӰȥɫâȻһ۶ɣ
Ǽⴳ˵أһƿأԲ׷˹ǰˣҶ֮ϣоһɲǿԼѹѹȸǼϴģʿɢϢŷХȴ˲СҶҲҵ
ģӰ΢΢һЦһϵڵǺǣСϴΣԪڣ۸һʿʿ˺졣Ϸһ档
ԣҶ˫Ŀһ˿ҲһϹ˵ڴ˵ش˼ǧ꣬иǲҴ⡣
ԭʱǰڴ˵أǰǼƺǰ֪ǰɷҶЩ²⣬ƿأ¾ϹЩϵֱֲ˵ֻòһ
ıϷ򶼲˵ҵıˣ껹ϷıأСӣɽţΪӦýӹֻΪ˰ɣģӰЦ
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һ棬СҲԿɽڣȷҵ괴ģû뵽㲢֮壬ȻҲԪһģӰЩ˵
ҶɣȷɽڵӣΪһЩԵ￪ɽڣֻǹţԪޣҲǻԵɺɹġҶЩ𾪣û뵽ԼϹŶ
ŶСӦ֮ԼߣԲܹںɽˣɽʵ
θ֮󣬱㿪ʼݣɽѾΪݵһɣȻ˵ָչʣҲĸŸɽڡҶɸϽԼĹ˵Ϲ˵ܶԼԪָһ
ԣɽƬ̣ڵ̼ȻõϷҲһҪʹһʱ䣬ȡ
ϴȣϷԪޣǿʼעˣ뿪ȱ˶ϵʱϷɥ
Ǿ͵̵ĲɣȻˣϷҲָһԪϵɻҲ˵۸к󱲡


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Ŷ֪λǰǣīЩɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
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ã˳ĬϾɲĿ˿Ҷɶ˵ıӰ漴˿ȣϽ¶˼֮ɫ
ӷ𣬼ȻҶʩѾԸҲٲ£λˣλǣȼʦţμ
γīһۣǿһ˿壬ҶԻӤڵΪҪƺǰɼʵֲٹΪ˻ͷ֮£뿪˴˵ء

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˰ɣʱŪͬɽ㣬±ߵĵӶʶ㣬һЦ
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ݿν˷ǣԴȻ˵ȵ϶򣬵֮У϶Ĵڡ
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ƹ˵ѽ״Բ֮Ϊ㻹ںڵģҶЩɻʵ
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ˣҶɼҼٻƹЩ˼֮ɫ
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ŶѾͷΪߣЩɻʵƹһϲɫû뵽ٻһʦ
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ƹֵܲ۰忪Ц˵
ôᣬѱᣬҿûҪƹû˵ֻ꣬ӰһһǱֶ
˭˵һûǽֻǴ˿̵ɫ԰ףһϢ鸡ǰһöзץһöСŲƷһǱӡ
״һ㶣ݣ˭в½״Բ̳˷ӦҶ˫Ŀһ
˭׷ǱˣҶ˵껰嵱վΣƹ͵һҶɡ


516 Ӱ
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㣬壬ôţûעԼԣ·֮ɫ
ôȥûİ˽һۣ漴ʵ˵˭׷㣬ǶҲҪƽһҶóӣҲ
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ǺǣԭˣˣΣ۱ãǱߺȱģСӣԸ㽲ľҶŽԣͬʱ
⻰˵ãѾһƵġҶһۣ漴΢ЦĿ˿ǽž
˵˵ЦЦҶҲһЩԼ飬˽ĵҲǸԾһЩ㳩˺ҹ˲Ŵż⣬׷׻ȥϢ
ڶһǽ˽ѣûУǽźȣ˽죬ǷļҲƽ
ԴҶҩȣҲǴ˰£»ƹЩżˣҶɺʱҪߣӲҶȥ
εЩ֣Ҷɽ˵ָƹһЩ漴Լһ䵤κ˲׼ţûƹһЩϡ
ȥûж
¹ȥҶȻûг
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ֱºҶҲûгֻóһֻ壬ҶǼչء
ô˻ˣ򿪿ʲô˿еĴƹҲһ֮ɫ
򿪴ֻƿһöǿ˿ƿڵĵҩֱֻװöӤһֻƿװжʮ˼Ŀ˿ˡ
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ЩҩҲֻʶ㽻ˣҲϲ˿Ҷɵ⡣
˿ƹһۣɫһ˵ƹҶҪչϰɹĻʱء
ʱ䣬Ϊλ˻ӤԼ˶ʱǿԱչһһ»ӤӦкܴϣ
ҲҪչһӤԲ֮ڻӤԼ÷н׻ӤעԼĵãԺҸλϸһ
ӤԣƹǶΪԲȻԳӤƿƹǿԽ״Բֻˣչһʱ䣬Ҳûϣ
ƹԸտҩȣ鸮֮ڣ˸Ѱһ򣬿ʼչ
Ҷ֮ڣ˸ָ߽׵ҩҲԼǷܹõϣǸ߼ҩߵģҶɶ᳢һЩ
˿ҶԻӤΪƵҩǱǰҪٵĶ࣬ջľȣԼʱ䣬ԶǴǰɱȡ

ʳĳĴڣ
УݸߣһԸ°ֶκһ㶼ŷɥΪλǲֶΡ
һĻޣĽ˶һʵ֮ɫԸȣЩֶΣǱ࣬ȴġ
Եһ۵ƽЩɫĿŶˣ·¶˳ܣԼǣȥһ㡣
ʱ˫Ŀһ˿ޣ˵ĵģΪƾõλ
ԣĻüͷһ壬ڵ磬ֻȥҲȫȥ
ߣһ漴˿ƽ壬㳤ʱ䣬Ӥ۷嶼ûû¾ͻȥúһͱǵˡ
ĸ綼Ѵﵽ۷壬׼Բ֮ЩҪһ£ȳȥɣû¶ЩѲһڷʳԱʧٵ顣
ǣ磬ܸˣƽ˵껰ƺ˿漴޹˹֣æ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ƭ̺΢΢һЦɫҲ۸һܣߣϴڵʱʱſ񣿡
ԣŭһ˫Ŀ˸ĵܣɱˣҵл̳лλģҡ
òҪˣĻٺ٣֪ҵֶΣҪȵڵһ죬ҿû˻ᣡ
ǴҶףǴ约ģߣΪλģһĻĻ¶һ˿ɫԼЩɵ֮⡣


517 ۷ҩʦ
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ĳ䵤ڴһЦ漴صһʯһһƣİɫӰ˳˸˷֮ɫ
ʱ䣬ҶɿνǽϵҩֲһգƹЩҲѲҽԲ
˴˿̣ҶԼԼԵ֮ߣҶɲұ֤ǷгԽԼĴڣ²ڳɹϣӦܼΪҩҶɳɹѾﵽ˰ٷ֮١
Ҷǿļִɼ˼öƷɵɹֻڰٷ֮ʮֳɹʣﲻɼһƷҩʦļ
ҶҲЩΣΪеĲϲûж٣ҶҲֻܼƼöһɼһƷΪɼһƷĵҩ
Ҷɲ֪磬ɼǲ٣ȴܹƳȲ˵ϡ٣͵ǲһɵĳɹʣȴ
ҩʦҲԲ߳ɳɹʾ൱ҶһЩŵĹݵλŸ߹
ҶֵõһЩ滨ҲûвѧϰɼҩֻϧҶɲȫþԺõʱҲЩϡ
ҶһҩļֵԳԽ໯ӤԲңָֻʱսûиõĵҩҶɾٶš
Ӱ˵ĸ߼ҩʤҪǣ鵤ҶɾŰö֮࣬㹻֧ż˽׵ӤԲ
ϢǴȥ¼ǳչصͨǿߣҲҪҶɣ鵤κۺ죬ЩԻӤʿ
Ҷƽһ飬ɫЦݻ漴뿪˵ҩȵȥŵ˵ڵҩ㣬׷׳ԾѣȴǲǺֵҩ

ĳ侲ڣҶɵ°ͣ˫ĿԶ񳬹ɽԼʱ䣬һҪȥѰĲϣ˻δأҶҲߡ
£ֻԼھڣ鵤ʳһΪֱĸºŵһء
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˵ң˵㲻ذ꣬ĵ˻Ӥ۷壬ȹ̼꣬¾ͿԽ׵ԲˣϾԼ鵤ϲ쳣˵
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ƹһЩȹԲ磬ûʱ䣬ٴγӤ
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ǲͨҲһЩԱ֮ԣǱͷ£ҵЩϣ´ŷֻҪһϢͻ֪Է
У㻹ҪʲôϣҲһ˳Ҳܰһ£·Ҳҿ
ŶҲãҽһЩҪĲӡϣ봫ŷһ𽻸㣬Եȣ˵꣬ȡһհʶһֶ롣
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󣬽أ˵Ϊδȫȹ̣Ҳ㰲ȫϾûʲôҪֵĵط˵ǳһ
̸УΪ˲¶嵱ʱĴŴ磬Ҷɱ˵͸һЩҩҲǽɻ
һЩĵãҶɸԼƹֱ׼ֻװһЩòϵͨ鱦ָ߽׵ҩԼ鵤
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ϴŵõʥħ廹ûصʯԼ󣬲þͻָҶһֱҲкáǹƹŻץȻŴܡ
˷׻Ӥﵽ˺۷壬ԲڣҶɵ˲Сģܽڲ
Ŷȥ׾ٱƳһЩƣ֮ǰҲ˵ǧ²Ǳ򵥣˵һյأܵйӦЩͷ˵
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Ҷɴ߹հ֮£һѨ֮ڣ浱оһ磬Ŀ⣬ǿ˹Ļ֮ţ


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ѡĸŻ忴˿ţҶһ
ţﻹЩϤȥǡҶɼ򵥵Ľ弸䣬漴һǽ˻֮ڡ
һƬİĿռڣҶգ˫ֵҲǰһᣬĻ΢΢һΣӰֶֻϴһа
ҶҲڣ˫Ŀ΢еĿ壬ӽҶɵʱ򣬺ȻһȭſһźҶϯ
Ҷδһ£һںڽݿĶǵȭӰ۵һǽѣΪһźɢա
ǣƭˣӶˡЦһ̤ڽ֮ϣ漴ЦĿҶɡ
Ĳ˵껰ҶɱһǰȥĿⲻʱעܣƺѰʲô
৵һ
ʱǰһɫħӰһħ淭ȥֲƺ˵Ķħһ㡣
ǣӽ˵黰䣬ǳħﱬȥ״޴ħ˫ĿħһҪֹ顣
ס֣Ҷһͺȣ鼱æͣڰգ㶵ĿǰħҶΪβԼ
ħ￴ס֣ҲûóȻֻһ֮ɫҶĶ
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Ҷɣ֮ǰʲôħֻҪǶԷ֣ͲҪĻҿ¾͵ħˣЩµ˵
Ǻǣ֮ǰǽҲԲİߣȥʯҿǺ飬ǰѺڽĽ顣Ҷ΢Ц˵
Ҿ;ãҵıȥˣ벻һҲлӤڵʵҡͷԵ˵װһϧ֮ɫ
ƹսǣǿԶǴʯңԭ߿ܣѱҶϴκ飬ǵԭӦʯţȴǲ֪ʱĻָⲻҶЩɻ
ôкβ֮𣿡忴Ҷɵ쳣˵ʵ
ϴʯűҵȴ飬ȴǻָˣҶ૵˵
ŶʯŸҲ鿴Ƭ̣漴˫ĿһУڵʯŸԭƣټ٣ʯƼٷ档
㶮ýƣҶЩ졣
Ǻǣɣֽǰ㲻ʲôϡ棬㽫飬ûþͻָΪԭͲġҵΪ˵꣬ĵһġ
صһ
ʯӦѣȴûмڽ룬۲֮ʣֻһâವһΪһ߽ɫܳʯ֮С
ৣһɫʯһ༤صĺ˽ɫ֮ϣ޴Ŀܵɶصײʯ֮ϣâһǰȻ漴һҶ
߰ɣϤ·ƣ˶ѣʯǵţûнȥҶ˵껰ҶދݣӽʯңǸ˺ĺ档
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һ˦ֻСɵʯǽһľܣҶɴֻϼһʯ΢΢һľܷһ֮¶һ谵ͨ
ţҶɵֳܸһɫ㣬֮תƬ̺նһ޽ҶɵС
״ɫһû뵽Ҷֱʩչȴͨǵնɱ½õģҲҵз任ͣ
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˽ſͷҹ谵ĹߣؽͨҶͷɫǹ벻Զ
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һɳƵض·ʲôȻڽӽ˵ЩԼᵽһѹȸС
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СģҶɻ䣡ǰſһ磬һ׳Ľɫصһײǵɫƥ֮ϡ
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ۼŽɫƥϯҶǧնֶ漴˫Ŀһеվԭأûϴһ˳
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ǿܣڴԪ۹ħѪؼһΣӦǻޣֻһڻ֮ܵܽӳ֣ǿޱȡ
˹أҪƳܽƣξֻͨޣھͱҶɻ䣬ǰٴһԪ˵һһɫƥٴϯܣȻǰҪֲ


519 Ԫĵ
СģҶɻδ䣬ͷһɫӰǰһģһֻ۶Žɫƥײȥ
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ҶɵɫҲǼѿɫ΢׵Ŀڽڰˣƺһ̣ǽɫƥҪն䵽һ㡣
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һﵱɣһΣٵ˶ĵףҶ붼һ
ۣۡ
ࡢסɫɫ̼γһ֧޴ĹԼֻʥӰײ˽ɫƥ죡

һյĹǧɽڴҶ˵ӰǱĴ˳˵ûʲôƣн¶ŨŨľɫ
ĬƬ̣ͷĿ˿ڣڵô죿ȥſѵֶˣ
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ˣ޷Ӳ˵أԺлЩ֣ǽ֮ͨ˵ؿɣӲ
Щĵ̾Ϣһ޿κΣǿֲĻ޷Ĺʵû͵
߰ɣ˵ҲûʲôˣҶ˵꣬˵ͷ漴ųһֻɫۣ棬һƷƣݷȥ

ºĳϿգ
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Ƭ̺һ֣γһ޴յشģӰԶڷɳһ֮£ǳҶɵǰ
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ЦʲôйģԭǾϷĶֻԼûοϷ˶ӡǣ͵ɽڱ˸
ǱԵ˵õãǱ˭ȡҲ֪֣һ߶ɷ̵Ĵλã澭պñҸӦԲŽȡģӰ˵
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ʱ䣿Ԫûİ£Ϊǰý̺һ֮ϷǿȦһ
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ٺ٣СӣҲϷˣ磬ֻԪˣǲҪһԺϷ˵ȱأԸָһ
Ԫ޽֮ͨԻΪʿϵһԪԪӤһͨǾҪ˫Ӥһ֮ȫںϣﵽڻͨ豹档
νһΪǣͨҪڷضһ˵̻ͨԪ޵ʵԻһɽ٩٩̸˵
ԣҶжɫһ˵лǰָ̡֪кô
㼱ʲôûһģӰߺߵ漴ҡҡͷٴοڣЩҲϷԼģΪǰ·ԾȻķǧʱ䡣
СҲܹϷ֮󣬶̽ʱ䣬̣ɸڽǰĹͷƽ֮ԪӤõںϣⷢⱬ
ϷһöϷԪ޵ϸԼĵãȥоԪ޵ĹϷҲֻһ޷㡣ԱϣģӰ̧һ˦һöҶɵǰ
״Ҷε¶֮ɫû뵽ɽƹż˿£Լչмӡ
лǰָ㣬Ժǰʲô飬һ˶٣ҶЩɻ˵ǰɽڴõ£ȻڣѵΪѾ׵ͨ
ͨϷûʵ壬Ҳһǧֻ꣬Ƿˣ˺üߣ߷ز
ԪӦ˽⣬Ԫ޵ķӤΪעԼκ֮ڵģԪ޷֮ʿȴ޷ǵԪ֮У֪ҲûмģӰЩ˵


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ºȽƹ֮ϣȻһһɢɫӰһģļ漴˰ա
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һҶĶ٣µʱ䣬ǶݳΧҲӽԵһݰˡ
һƬ֣·һƬԭ֮Ҷɱǿһ޼ʵĺΪʵڲҺᴩ棬߽ޣʧںҵ
Ҷȴǲ·Ԫ۹ֻ˰ʱ䣬ĺѰʱ䣬Ҷɱ˾ϡ
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Ҳû뵽㾹Ȼ׵˻Ӥ۷壬ΪסƺЩдˣ긾ŮǴޣԵǵޡ
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ӰǻӤΪȵؽֻްΧĻŮӵɫ䣬ʧȥǰš
ˣϴնɱɷĲңҶɻ䣬ϼһʢһɫӰһòҶһ޶Ԫ޷
⣡ŮӳʧˣҲ᲻ս˫Ŀ΢УҲ֪˼ʲô
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ŹҶĳУǷҲŹǰҶĳ˵ҵĶСȻɱ⣬ôܻŹǣҶɫ˵
⣡ŮԥֻҲһ壬Ƭ̺ŮһҧɫѣĸԸ׷湫ӣԸ½ƣֻϣ̧ܸ֡
ԣҶɱƺЩԥ֮ɫ״ŮӼæӣҵԺҲһĲ
Ƭ̣Ҷɵ°ͣͷȻԸðɣĸвףҶĳ͸½ƷŹǣԺԴӲǲ
Ը⣡Ůһܹסæͷ˵Ҳ˿ӡ
״Ҷ¶һЦݣԭһɱӣֻŻһĸӰˣϾҪԪ±չأûиҲġ
ҶʹãüշĸӣԪ޻ӤǰҲ޵Ķ֣ͨڣҲֵô
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ˣǶ˽ƣԺǵ񣬾ҪİȫҶָָ۷ֻ˵
ǣˣŮӵĿڣ漴ʵ֪˻кηԸֻ𣿲ҵ˳ȥ
ǺǣǵΪڳȥҲﲻʲôæǱޱáҶ漴һֻƿ긾Ůǰ
ŮЩɲӣҶ΢΢һЦصģǲǶҩɫײƵĿٵСһ׻Σֿ׽Щô
һֻƿڣһЩľԪͨӤʿô󣬵רԹ˵ȴвСİ
⣬ˣģҵΪŮЩ˵
ԣҶɫһڵұԩ޳Ҷĳ˲ҲˣʼǷ׷ɱҶĳϴҶĳǲɷնɱҲһնɱҡ
Ҷĳ㹻Ա֮ǶѾûʲôвַΪҷһЩôӦҵķҸоҲûɡ
˷ģĸӾƴҲһᱣķŮɫᶨ˵漴ֻƿ
ҶɼЧѾﵽڲ˵ʲôŮӵͷ󣬱ǽ漴Сͺţκ˲ýӽ
˵꣬ҶɱǴ۷һṦ򣬶˵ͨİӸͬˮ֮
ԪҲҶɷԸʲôƽڵأ棬Ҷ˦ֻ
涼֮ɽ˵꣬ǲұ֤ͨԲûģҪ޽ȫժʹáԪ޵ĵҲСҶɫһ˵
ԣ۷˵ͷ̾ϢϧǷ۶ɣ޷ɽԪӰ֮ǵڶ
Ҷüͷһ壬΢΢ҡҡͷڵֻܱԪʹãܷΣҲԱԪ޵ġ
ˣ㰲ɣ㹻鵤ҲҪչһһ´Բ֮ʲôΣաҶ˵껰ϥһһ


521 þ
ԥݱԵ
һɫӰӹٶ֮죬ֻǼģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭգԥݷȥ
ˣ˳׻ӤԲ֮Ҷɣ
˿̵ҶоԲ֮뻯ӤھжǷǿȣϵʶ֮Ҳǿ̽鵽
ֲôԲϹͨڣٺ٣Ҷ΢΢һЦȵ
Ҷģ˿ɽϹ֣ɰջܶԷٻʦ֣ҶҲԱ֮Ͼ߶˻סġ
Ҷɴصݣתһ룬Ȼ˴Ԫ۹˳ȥ÷ǿãҲһԼҪĲϣϾϢȽͨ
ºԥ÷ǡ
ҶɵӰ˽ֵ֮ϣֻĽ˿Ҹ߼̣ŷȥ

磬ҷҲЩСҪȥһԪݿܷõӤĻ´ҪԲ֮ˡһȹѩŮ˵
ԣһ۵ӵ˵ͷڵҲãÿڴԲˣǼŵҩҲ޷״Բ֮ġ
Դڵʵտûʲôˣãĵȥɣʲô鼰ʱ紫ţ
Ƿ뷽ã
ʱſڹϼһһɫӰֶȥһ꣬һϢͳͬʯһͨ
Ҷɵѣ৵һվɫһϲĿҶɡ
Ǻǣѣӣ겻ϲλѽԲ֮Ҷ΢΢һЦһҲû̫⡣
ȴü΢壬ɫڵҶҶǰȻ׻ӤˣҸѹȻŻҪ󡣡
ʲôʼû̫ע⣬ϾսԲʵ緽һ˵Ҳ㶵עҶɣɲĵҶǰѵǻӤڵΪ
λ⣬Ҳ辪ʲôҶĳֻǽҰˣԺҵȻƽཻĻҶĳЩӦˣҶЦеĿŶˣûش𷽿Ļ
ǿѹѹ𾪣ҶɵķԸȻƽཻڷ̸ʱ鲻ѿҶԶһ˿η֮⡣
ҶѴ˷÷ǣֻ飿ҷܰ쵽ģһ͡˹ֵ
ţתת˵Ҷĳе鷳λ˷׼չһЩϣ嵥λĿҶ˵ֵ꣬ݸһö
Ƭ̺󣬷꽻ЦҶѣĲϣǺǣֻһ˵ģĸʶ
ҶѣЩϣڶҵҲüһ壬̾Ϣһ
ԭ˻һӤϹǰһ˲ȫ嵥󣬽ǿЦҡͷЩԼøŪҲǣӤϹֶңԼܹҵ
ǺǣλҲҲûϵֻ˳һ¾ͺãԺˣ֪ͨһҶɵ˵ͷ
ˣλȻ׵˴Բ֮뻯ӤҲǰ벽֮һϢӯؿƿˣֻҪһŻӤӦÿ׽׵ġ
ƺײãԺȹ̼ʮ꾳磬һľҲûн׵ĻᣬŻӤ͸λˡҶ˵껰ͳֻƿ
ʲôӤɫϲҲΪ֮ݣ֮ԼԪݣҲһܹõģô򵥵ĵˡ
ŻӤǷʵٲۣлҶǰԺֻҪõ÷ǷңҶǰܿڣȷӦɫһ˵
ԣҶ΢Цİ˰֣˵ҲˣܰϵľʵҲ㲻ʲôʱ鷳λˡ
鷳鷳ԺĴ̽ϣҶѣһҪסһЩʱգöྴϵ֮ꡣһ˷ܵ˵
ҶҲûɨˣڷҴ죬ڼ˳̸ֻǰЩ귽ҶɻЩĿУȴǶһ˿Ұƺ̾ϢⱲӣҲ޷֮ȼˡ
Ҷɸ˷ã뿪÷ǣֱԥϲȥ
ºԥϲԵһɽ꣬˵سܵڣһ̤ᦵĺɫӰǻɽϿա
˵أڤڣ
ֻڤڣƺǳ֣ԲʿǧӣڤڰΧ
ڤһֻˣӤԲΪߣҲֻһŰɫȹŮӣҲڤṣ̌
ѣѣǾȻϹڤڣǿˣü΢壬һ֮ɫ˵ȫɢһ֮
ӣƭǺÿడҴ꣬ȻһϢû©һŻ۵ߣЦ
ԣһһ¶һ˿ЦڵԲǷֿЩ
ҪһеĻҲֻˣ˵㻹Ԫ֮壬ǿͶңĳһΪҵ¯
ȻΣڤڣضʧԥݣ˺ѣϷڤǰǬɵĵ̣ϣɵ£
ƨϷƴҲԲڤţҺƴˣһߣʹŻᦱһ³ȥ
ﶼûãֻƾ蹦ǽڤڵĳɱҽжδ
̶ûļֹֻǼ³䣬ŭݸʢһսⰻȻϣ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ȻҪڤڸ̼ƴͬھҲԲǵóѣ䣬̱Ƿųһб֮ɫ䵶λһնȥȥ


522 Χ
ҶɿҪӽڤڵʱ򣬺Ȼüͷһ壬оƺڴ򶷣ҹģСӡ
һһᣬǿٵڤڷȥսҶ־ͿԽгǵų֣ҶҲʲô
һյĹҶɱԶԶڤڵǿػڤڵҲ˹룬Ӳʱȫû
̣׵ȹ֮ҲһѪɫ԰ףһϢޣصֵԲʿĹҲֻʱ⡣
̱ﱻɣһȻ֮ɫƴͬھ֮ʣԶȻһըװȡ
ס֣ϯڳǧ˵һΪøɫһףѪԲʿҲһģдһƺߡ
ֵǣڤһȴǰȻҲˣƴĶ
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ƾҵȽ飬ڤѣҶĳȻ˭ôĵӣҴڤڵע⣿ҶɹŸڳľڤںʱ˻ӤϹֳǵԥţûڤڽõɡ
Ҷǰºףǲ֪ڤҶǰ£ð֮£ҵžͳߣڤʧһɳе׵ǻ飬Ҷ̹ϵǳԺ͡
ߣȻˣ𣿽ǻȥԺ˵ϻ˭鷳ǿߣҶɫһ
ԣüͷһ壬ڵҶǰҲԸ⳥˫⳥常⳥һ
û˵ֻ꣬âһصһҽжδΪһƬѪɢա
Ҷĳվ͸ҳвߣֱڷŻɽףڤҶĳ֣ԼҶ˵꣬ܵɫ䣬׷ɢӣҲûиĴ㡣
ŵĺһɳҲ˿ûܣݹһļߣһṦ򣬴˵سڤڵֻʣҶˣ˵ҲߣȴûֻӲͷƤ˽ڤڴ
̣Ҷɣ˷׷󣬺׵սľվڴ֮Уһֱû̧ͷͷ亹ֱðһӼӤϹֵĴһҲΡǰλԶԶȻúܽҲµһΡ
ӣϵΣҶɿ˿̣΢Ц˵֮ǰı֮ɫʧ
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ԣһ£ɫ԰׵˵ӴԸ˳ڤڣֻҪܹסƾǰӲǲ
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ϣǿ˵ˣҪڤΪк飿Ҷ˵꣬˫ĿһĿ˿ס
ңΪǰ£ĸ׼æشһ䡣
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Ҷɿ˿·ֵˣȥ֪ͨţ˵Ҷĳڴ˻ɱı𣬾ڤҡ
ңԲܣءһ̽Լæ֤ġ
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Ƭ̺ҶɵһһֻУ΢ЦӣһöӤƾʣԽ׻Ӥ֮Աϣǽ̡
ӤһʵڲţԼгһգܿӤ֮ǰҲȥһǣʵ߲Ҳֻµµһ
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Ӳؿû˵ʱҵƽཻã˷ҶĳҲֻ˳ֶѣӤ£Ժȥһǳ͡ҶЦ
̿ЦѻȫҶɣҲֵһŻӤģҶֿûھܾ
лҶǰԺԺ󾭳ڤͣʲôҪҶǰ˵һһΪ˵껰̸оһͿһ㣬ϵĺϼ˲ӵ۰׵Ĳ
˽ߵӣҶɲЩʧ񣬶Ҷôһֱţ̸оǰ˵ĻЩֱ̫¶ǣ޲Ҹطȥһ뵽Ȼ˻ӤҲǵǰǳŵԪ֮塣
̺ȻоЩìܣִһ˿ţǣһ˿ڴҶһԼϾһְȫУѵԼ𣿻ͬ˵ǰ㣿ԼҪһΪڱǰԼûָо
ӣû°ɣﻹЩ˵ĸ߼ҩһüšҶɷ̺ȻϢȣæͳһֻƿ
ԣ̼æ˵ͷҶǰǰסһֱţǻؽƵԿףȻȥϢһƣʧˣ˵껰ץƿһöҴҵܳ˴ʣҶһЩĿɿڴ


523 
ºҶһ֮ϣϯźڽҶĻ֮ŰʱһЦ
պ󣬻Լٵ֮һʱ򣬺뿪˻أҶҲûж˵ڽ֮󣬱뿪˴˵ء
ڤڴڣʲô·վһ꣬ɫĵ˵ͷҶڴſһ
ȥɣ˵꣬תȥ
ҶǰԸչĶѾȫųһϢͻָ֪̻ͨյׯأɫȻ˵ƺǲҶɶӡ
鷳ˣˣһ£Ҷĳ롭Ҷɻû˵̵꣬пһ£ˣȴûжʲôƺҲһ
ʱſӰһŻŵ˽ţˣˣ
ԣһ˿Ҷ֮Էһ£θǻӤΪʵڲұ֤ҶɻĶ֡
ɣҶɵ˵꿴˿̣ͷʾ⣬Ǽæת˳ȥ
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ϷθգպϷ˳·£͹ƣ˵նɱϷԹһˣҲֱһ档
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εѣͲҽ£ҶɺȻЦˡ
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𣿡Ҷɻ䣬һֲϢͷŶ̸оĿһ㣬ʹնɱҶҲûʵս˿ֲѹ̲֪ǣԼֻ
θմ˿̿νɫ䣬һ·һ㣬޷˿ָ·ЩԼȻΪ˴׸
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θյѣ֪Ҫ⳥ҶĳûУ취㿴ҶЦе˵ȥһҲҪ⳥ӡ
ϢŭΪˣ๼ϼһﷴӦܿ죬ȫϣϾ֪ҶɵΪθͷ˵ֿ
ڴԲǰԥ֣ҲԽһУ˲ܵһ򼸺ҲûԸǣοССĶ
Ҷƣθֻ̾ϢһڵϷĴҶѣҪ⳥㿪ڰɡ
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⣡ˣԼʱһӤϹֵٿ˿ϵĺ꣬üһ塣
ҶǰǰҲһʱ嶯¾һᣬҿǷɡɫһ˵ǲȴУˣҶһߣ±ߵĵӣҲڤںüء
ԶԶԣ˵ĶԣϷһʱ嶯ᣬӣϷԸ⳥˺˺ڤԥʲôҪֱɣϷڤڡ㿴һݣθռæʾá
ߣȻӷˣ䳤ϣǲԽͷ㣬ԺζԴڤڣҶɵ˵
ৣθոоѹһᣬ˲ָɣɵ亹ֱðæллλ飬лӣ
εѣҶĳЩչ֪ɷһúãһһЩôġҶЦе˵漴һö
һθ˵꣬ǼƬ̺ȴǿЦҡҡͷ״ҶҲûʲô֮ɫ
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Ŷ˭˵ģҶ˫ĿһǵõԼʥħڶ㡣
ǰԪʹ˵ذ£Ϸġθյͷ
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лҶѣϷȥ״¡θտҩɫϲ漴һ̵뿪ڤڡ
ϵĺ˲ǵѪȻˣɫϲоâ˸ڤҲ磬ƺڤϣ
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ҶСסգյķԸչһЩ֮Ҷɣ֮ǰڷҲõһЩʵ̫٣Ҷɶû̫ںҲֵõһ˸Ԫȥ
оûʲô֮Ҷ뿪ڤڣҲûйΪҶɣ޷ССڤڵģҶɾ뿪٣ȴǶһ˿ʧɬ


524 
ʮԪݣǣ
һװιӵĽſڣҶɵӰ˴˵أϷһҡҶ롣
Դ뿪ڤںҶɱͣĸԪݣԭΪһǳغףѰҺϢ϶Ҫ˷Ѳʱ䣬ֶܿ顣
û뵽˺ǣĴһӤʿҶɱǵõϢ˵֮ܲ˽֪顣
ΨһЩǣ󲢲۴˱ЩȻϣֻΪ֮
˵󲢲ۣҶҪ۵ƷҶ޷Ǵ۲ˡ
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һߣۺ룬΢ЦĿҶɣҡͷλѣ㲻Ǳ֮ˣҲ˵Ĺء
ѣҶĳȻ֪ۣҶĳ޷Ǵ۲ˡҶЦЦ
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һĻҶĳǿãҶһЦһԼò꣬ϾҲֻһ϶ѡ
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ѣҶĳҲƭ㣬ϣʹʮţҪǾÿԣҵȾͽҪǾòʣҶĳ뿪
ȻҪǿٺ٣ȻҶĳû¹ʲô֮£ʲôòҶƺھһ㡣
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525 ǿȡ
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һ߶ڴ֮ڣ裬оâ˸ʱüͷ֪˼ʲôһϢǻӤ۷Ĵڡ
һ꣬ɫȻ˫Ŀߣƺڵȴʲô𰸡
ҶѣϷһöҲǸյõãϢͨҪȼղȡ΢Цľ峤
ŶѵµϣҶЩ⡣
ҶѲڸϿСסһЩʱգҶ֮ǰ˵ö鵤ԼʯϷҲҪһҪ˽ȷʵ߿˿Ҷɡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴óһöߣʶһɨ漴¶Ц⣬ͷãΰȥסҶѣϣǺ죡
Ҷһһ侲ңԴϢ˷Ԫ۹˳չҵ˿νջС
ϧżѰҲϣĻǿһʥħģҶҡͷ̾Ϣһ˿Զȼյ̴㣬ɢˬҶɸоһƣƺһɨա
ٺ٣¼ҵеöҶ˵꣬ǲᣬ˫ĿһյĴȴ峤Ϣ
պһҶɺȻüһ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫΪǰ龹Ȼ˶һЩ֪ʱֵĺ˿
жˣҶЩãȻԼһСģ˾ˮûжһϸϸĺ˿ȷжļû鷴ӦҶûз֡
ֻжԲǿңҲǺܶ࣬һṦǱһգպҶɫЩˡ
˵ж鼸ͣת죬ŶԣԼںʱĶԣҸԲƺԴԴϵӣû飬ЩۻǹƾЩ鷳ˡ
Ƭ̣Ҷ̧ۿ˿Զȼŵ̴㣬һ۵һ̴Ӧ𣬶һʱʱ䣬ҶɷûµĶԳˡ
ϹȻҪңһӤڣߣҰĵǲСҶף̴ԶҩʼԣҲԲ
һ쳣ʱ򣬿ڻ۵ĶϱҪʱ֪жҲΪʱϹֶεǸͲֶ֪ҩõģҶɶûвҶʵû飬Ҳа취ġ
ҶѿڣȻ峤
Ҷ˫ĿһУæ̴µȼ漴һӣһâ漴ʧڵµ룬ôûϢ
һݣĿһ̴㣬ҶɵǺǣϷûʲô飬պ·ֻ֪ͨҶһڿǿ͵
ŶͷµˡҶ΢Ц˵һ䣬漴һᣬ뿪˷䣬תʱȼյ̴󣬲ۼ¶һ˿Ц
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µѣ»Щ飬ȸˣʱһ˹ȡҶĳʵڵȲȥҶɫһ˵
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ŶҶĳɵùĿҶһȻӡ
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µѣлˣȷǿҶ˵꣬ȴûл˼߲üͷһ塣
ҶѣǲӦý鵤ԼʯϷǲ빺򣬾ͽĳɫ΢ŭ˵
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״ҶתһЦоǿסҶĳ
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ԣҶüͷһ壬ƺЩǵӣڵµزʶ֪ΪҪӺ£ѵΪɱ˶ᱦ
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ֶҶĳһԪޣûгֹµѸ˰ɣҶЩɻ˵
ԣɫһŭߣɣϷֶţԪʦӰˣ¼ԪҲԽԽǿ
һУȫУ˵ɣУĻôѧǧնģ
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۵һ
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ߣʶ飡˵ͬʱҶһ֮£һѺڽУ°âһ˲ճԣ䣬һͷ­ȥ


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Ҷһ˻ճͷһȥؽͬԪӤնΪ룬һλպĻճϣͽҪɥ
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ҶɸҪȥ׷ֻԶ߰˵ӰճϵԪӤǳ˷˹ȥͷҶɣ¶֮ɫ
ԪˣߣҶ˵껰æ漴ݹһ𣬱Զȥոմսϣʵڲ˶ս
ճϣû°ɣѵСӵĹƣһӿճϵԪӤɵôʧɫʵڲţҶʵճ١
ߣǲҪС˵ϷһСĵʵȷͣ׷ϷȻȥţճ˵꣬ɫЩŤĿ˿Ҷʧķ

˦׷ҶһɽϢһһĻӤԲҶҲģԪĵֻ̣ҪԪԼȻɳΧˣһҶɿǲҴ⡣
֣ϣҶɾûȥطԪݲǾ֮أ֮ǰǿţõһֲϣҲǴһֲϵϢѰңҶǰԼѰҵ֪ͨ˶ˣظ˷ʱ䡣
˼Ƭ̣Ҷһļ׼ᴩԪ۹ֱݷȥһ·ǳأҶҲԶԶܿڽӽ
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ϻʲôǺ˵նɱˡһʿЦ˵ֻǻӤ۷壬ߣһЩ
Ҷۿ˿ˣûзϻʲôֱһ֣ʮڷɽŷϯȥ
ৡ
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ãѽ죬лӤʵĿܣʦ֣ҲǵĶ֣ʿһߵֿ飬һ߶ſܡ
״ҲԮ֣ΪʮڷɽѾǰæųһɫש˹ȥ
Ҷ°âһ˲ŷӽһȭԽһȭصһͬƤһ㱻ɡ
ʲô֮ǿ᣿ɫһ׵סΣ˿ǿֿܹʦܣɫЩԥ
ಣҶһٴγǷòǰֳɫĹϼһ޽γɡ
ǧնɫһ䣬æӳȭһֵסҶΣϵԶݶӡ
һĻҶЩ⣬ǧնʩչȴˣ£Ҷһ̧űܲסĳꡣ
ʦ֣㾹ȻˣʿЩᣬоſǧն̷ųƵֵ
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ߣ˵ǻ飬һʦҲˣҶɶޱȣԽԽǰһͷ亹ʵû뵽Ҷ
պڼٷɶݵҶɺȻüͷһ壬оȻͣҶɿʼΪʲôֶԷ߸ûʲôˡ
Ƿ꿴ǰһԨ¶֮ɫ·ȿҶɻҪֲӣҲ֪Ϊ˾š
·ҪϾɱ𣿡Ӿŭ
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Ƭ̺Ҷ˫Ŀһоʶ֮ƺһ˿ɵ΢΢һЦԼƴʶֱ֮һ㣬ȻǶԷ֪ҶǿʶҲʩչʶġ
˿˫Ŀӣ˿ƵĺɫҲǻָ˽ɫ齻Ҷɣ漴ӣ꣬ɫܵһɱǱҶƬ̺󣬺һЦץŴ͸Ҷɡ
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ͨǿߣҶѿڶǻӤԲԲԼֲѹЩת
ߣϷҪϵжܣ˵껰Ųæһ֣ƺȣҶȷʵоһܿƵ˹ȥ
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״Ҷ˫Ŀһƿ϶޷ֵˣԼһͨҲԵֵס˱ˈŰ֮£Ͼø³
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ӣǲԨ˲ɱûʲôֱҲãϷֻɱŷϹץסʲôԱϣϼһʢʧ

һƬɵĿռڣһҲǹһ磬һҺɫĻεС
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Ҷμ϶ȥطһյĹҶɫͬʱ¶֮⡣
Լʱ䣬˵·̲ôֹطҶɷ֣Լƺ·ˣ˵֮Уû·ܽȥ
ҶԽǷɶԽľǿԼ۲һܻΧԶķΧŶģģ
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Һڤõ飬Ԫûϣ벻ʱóҶһ΢Ц˵֮ҲΪ͹ȼ֣ΪͣȷҲֻһչļǹ͡
ۺķ߶飬ҪΪԪ޴߶ԪҪ࣬һṦҶɾЩЦˣ䷢֮߶ĹĻԪȫֹֿٻ͸һ˿
£Ҷֻ˷ѷȫ߶飬ɫĻʵ˲ſſֵסǹڱʧȥʶ
ʩչĺɫŰҶɣҲ֪źδɶܣΧĻȴûнӽ·Щ⡣
飬ȥܻܿʲôطҶһߴ߶飬һʳһ⣬ԪǳûϢ֧֮ⷨʱԪֿ֮
ˣǡã׷ˣ۹ֽеĺһ䣬ţҶɱǸоĶټӿ˲١


529 δ֪
ˣʲôطҲһ;ۻ̳Ļʲ࣬ǻ඼ԸӦԷҲԸӦģĴ۾ȴǿġһ߷ɶݣһ߽⵽
ۻ̳Ǽ̳ôӵóòռ䣬һ޴ľۻ̳ɣҶЩɲ
һᣬҡͷǵᣬӦϹžۻ̳ˣдʿĻȥ˼䣬Ȼ󽫴˵طӡҲֻǲ²⡣
ô˵˵п㻹ꣿҶЩȻ
пܣñȺͨ꣬㹻Խ˺飬ͺñֱɱһӤڡ
ʮӤ˷һֽҲնɱһٸΧҲߣǳǧӤڣؾͨǿߣҲñеʣ˵꣬ɵĴһ飬ҶҲüͷһ塣
ҶһĨڣҲоܵֻƾеĸ֪Ӷݡ
˦ûУҶһ䡣
ǣɵϣ类ˣתˣǴһɽڷ϶ˣһɽڤ֮ԽԽˣһ˾ͿԲӰˡԴ޵˵
ڤ֮һʲô˵ĿǴ˵ֹһʧȥʶҶЩɻ黹֪١
ɣҪ⣬ǲһҪȻֲӦġһѰ·ڣһСĵض׷
ȿȣҶɸɿһʲôԼ⣿ԼΪ࣬˺ﷴ⣬Ҳǣطû壬Լһࡣ
ףڤ֮ˣҶɳżٷע룬ɢĹĻһЩҲ赲סǹƹһͿˣһ·Ҷɿǳ˲ٿͷڤ֮壬ҶʱԪֿ֮ľԪڻɷ߶飬ص˺üΡ
ǣǰиѨڤ֮ͣӦûвˣһɫһ󷭹ϯҶɶ˹ȥ
ԼôһĹҶһ谵ĶѨͨȥʱһ硣
ҶɳųĻоûʲôʣԷ漴Ŀ˶ѨڵĻǻΪӣ̤ڽҶɵĸ
Ѩ󣬷ԲʮңտյûʲôرĵطΨһֵһıǣҶڴ˵ؼоڤ֮
˼Ƭ̣Ҷִͨ˵ضʶ֮ѹƵĲǰأҲֻܷųɵӡ
鿴Ƭ̣ͨûʲô쳣ҶɲŽɫܷ˳漴ͷֲ˼󷨽ƣ˿
飬Ϣһʱ䣬ȻѰҳ·˵껰Ҷ˫ĿһգϢĬĬһԡ
˷ҶҲˣԪ֮Ԩ˲ʩչ֮壬ʩչ֮ʱ䶼ûУ¾Ҫ
ҪǴһŷ͵飬ǿֿסڤ֮ûк赲Ļ꣬ҵȫĵطҶҲӴ˽ˡ
µʱ䣬ҶɲŻָһģԪ֮Ҳǻָ˼˴յʱ䣬Ҷ׼ҳ·ܲһӡ
飬Ƚȥܷͨҵ·Ҷ˵껰˽Լܣŵһͨ˹ȥҶɵͷ
ͨڴɿߣΧʯڿӿݣżм·ǱצӲץһ㡣
˴պ󣬶뿪ɽҶɸоƺˮȻ󣬵Ȼ
ʶ֮ȴ޷̽鵽ˮľλãϾʶѹƵ̫أЩƮҲ̫Զ
飬ܸӦˮλãˮгڵġҶһ˵˫Ŀǰ
ˣҲоˮλãѾɽһأСЩ鷳鿴˿һЩֲ꣬˵˵
ˣǰ⣬ƺˮһϢŨǿȥˣʱС˳ƺЩ˷֮⡣
ŶǰˡҶ΢΢һЦֻ£ȻԿ٣С飬ǽǸǶҶɰС
Ҳ֪˶ãҶһϿգ·ƽ羵ĺˮ˿ˮûУҶɲɵüͷ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ȼˮֲǰ϶У˵ˮлζҶ֮ɫºȻڳһֻ֪ĹλûУҶʱ̶Сġ
ˣ쿴С༱еĴҶɾĿȥԶһɢɫϼĻ꣬״ưٺϣ̣ȥߵӡ
߲հݣҶ˫ĿһЩȴûעٺϣǽĿڰٺϸ꿴ͨ档
ֲ겢ǰٺϣ߲գ˵еʥҩ缸߲ոݰݣһֲϡ
벻˵ػջ񡣡ԱϣҶɱһ߲շȥҶɵͷ
ৣ
Ҷڵ棬˿߲֮󣬱ǵһгһֻУȡһЩõߡ
ҶɴУֻһһˮĽһ׺ɷɢڣһҺɫϼһ
ҶɾĿȥһ꣬ͬһǿ׳ޱȣƤڣ༫ΪªһŭɫĿҶɡ
ǸҶһĳҪ׳ɢһֲĲɷĳҶŭһ·Ǽŷһ㣬𶯵ܿռֱ죬ҶɸоĤЩ۵ӡ


530 սΧ
ζף벻˵ػޣҶɲûߣɫ˵һ䡣
ĿĻ˫üһŭߣĳҲûϵ˵ؾȻлŵ֣̤ǰһƾҪˡ
ŶҶĳҪұ˵ģԸһֻζޣ޷ɱԷЩŵģңҶҲܷŹǰ
ȻһѰĳͳȫ㡣䣬˫һ꣬·һ󲨶һˮ𣬻ΪһֻֻҶɼȥ
Ҷɳֻ֣һâڼӭ籩֮£Ϊһʮɵɫͷ͹ƺʲôҪһ㡣
ףнࣿüСһƬɫĺֵסһˮûзϡ
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״ɫ΢䣬˵ǻӤڵʵԸλⲻ󣬲һҶɣ̿ɾͲôˡ
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귴Ӧһâһģ֮£ȻǰΪһ߽ӲӵĿܣɢŻӤڵʵ
ʲôɫƺԣԼֻҪһ֣ǾǱذɣˣ䣬գЩġ
ôǷҪ֣ҶЦеĿŻ꣬˵һ䡣
Ƭ̣˫ĿһУڵλѺֶΣ磬߲ջ£͵ݣʱЧģڲժЩϧˡ
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ʼ硣ڵȻ֣Ȼ˵㣬¸ǣ˵껰תߣСȴû·˼
ѣʲô˼ĪΪĳ۸ŭһ
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˵ǲŹˣüͷһ壬һȦЩûס
·һǱһɱڶңȻˣҲѡƴȻǵһҶԼĴ㣬ＫİշⲣԺжҲ
㣿Σδ䣬ɷһһХ֮αǣһƬƬҺɫۼס
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ԭǸµı壬㻹߲Ҷ˵Żһʮڷɽ˽轣֮󣬱ž޴һնȥ
޴ֻǰצһһצâ漴˺飬һ㶣û뵽֮
˷޴ӶצһڿڷɽնϣĿϼ֮ȴûצֺ
һĻҶЩ⣬û뵽צ˼ӲֻβһڣСײһ
صһ졣
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ѻܺƣֳֺڽӴ˹ȥͷ­նһ
أһֻצ΢΢һ˺ڽ֮ϣˣдֽУһɱٴγȥ
ջצɫһȭǾ޴˫Ŀһɣſ޿ڣһҧ˹ȥ̽˿ܵĴӡ
۵һ
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һֻԼ両ֳʥ޵Ĺصһײ˰ɫ֮ϣǰɫֻǹϼһ˺СͨٴҶɳȥ
ߣҶһ޽ֶವһն˹ϼİɫ֮ϣһɫ
һضɽҡľ֮£ǧնʧɫҲѿȴʣһŰԲ飬ٴС
ʱ򣬽ɫܣС࣬飬轣ٴιȥҶһԹۣ˫Ŀž޴㡣
ס֣ѣĳԸ˳ʱӴԣƺЩԸĺһԸĳսʵûȥ
һֱΣ꣬ûô֣ؼǣԼǱڤ鶼ҪҶɵСԼҶǧնֵסǳ׷ϣսȥɡ
ҶҲ˫üһЩɵǿɰɫӣ벻ҪԼСſֵסɵһ䡣
ǰʩչģʲôͨҶɷʣӴ㲻ɵ΢΢һ㶣ɻĿҶɡ
ѵµĻ飬ûڤ飿˵꣬ͷ­һת˿С࣬ɻŨ
ãϲԺ˵Ȼ˳ңǾҪ½ƣڼ䲻ķĻӦ֪Ҷɫһ˵
ƣ㾹Ȼᴫ˵еĽƣǷ½ƺĳҪԶˣ˫ĿâһЩɻ˵Ȼǲ׽Ϊ
㾹Ȼ˽֮ҲգžǣֻҪ㲻ǽ֮ͬ裬ƽʱáҶЩɣǷװɵ
ԣƺ¶֮⣬СĵĿ˿ɫߣʵҲ˽ƣĻ飿
ֻҪҶĳ½ƣĸҵģҶᵱѣûжģҲһĻҶĳ㣬ԼҶ˵꣬пʼֹޣƺ˽ͬʱҲԨһ˿֮⡣


531 Ľ
²½Ƶʱ򣬰ֶԸҰɣЩû׵ӣСĵһ䡣
ǺǣҶĳαطֽţҪֻҪǰһ֣ͲܻˣһԨڱҲһ֡ҶЦЦ
Ԩʲôطɻʵ
һͱϻˣ˸½ƣǻȥúģǾǵˡСЩͷ˵
ǣϧˣûˣЩƵĽе
ߣƺЩǳ𣬶Ժ̬Բơ
ʱҶȴִ̧һâԼƺһͼͷ­֮ϡ
Ҫֿ˺㣡ɡҶҲԸϻƭ˵
۾תת˵ͷ漴Ǹоâͷ­֮ڣԴͬըѰһһѣι󣬱ǰȻ
ͬʱȻԺжһ˿ʲô׸оҶɵλãҶҪԼʲô˵µǣԼӦԼСѾԼֻҪҶԸ⣬Լʱ
ʲôôյĹͬʱhϼһǻָ˻ӡ
һôûòˣСȴԣЦ˵һ䡣
ˣ굹ǺܸɴĽһ
ţʲô֣Ҷʵ
ش
ãȻ˶飬Ҿ͸һ£ǣС࣬Ǻ飬ȸҽҶ˵˱˵档
ͨĽҶɶԴ˵ظӺ˵˵شδˣ˼ǧ꣬˵Ҳû
ԨڵޣģԴ˵صڤ֮˵ЩԣûﵽĻǰ˿壬˵ֻƬȥƬͬĵطΪڤ̫֮Ũ
ֵǣЩȻŨڤ֮ȴԽڤ飬սҲǱı£ǰҶСֲŵֿסֹǽڤ鷢ġ
˵˵޲٣ڴ˵߼ûмԼ߲εޣ֮ͬڣҲǿЩޣֱնɱͬޣԽնɱޡ
Ϊ˵طգδˣ޲û˵ƣԼµӡǵһμ
ЩޣһǿжټһЩֿ֮г飬Ϊ໥ûʲôܹԼϾֶΣҲˣʱӣ鵱ҲϮͬ飬ڤߣΪɶԷڤ飬ǿԼʵ
ǳǿ£Ҳʱֱѣˣ˵޺гȺӣȫǸΪսռһ򣬻ַ
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ЩҲ޷ȥַĻĵ̣Ϊͬȥǻ֮أһ̤룬Ļ깥ԼܿʧȥʶΪһʬ壬һ㵹Щϵ
Ŷ֪ûʲôڣ뿪ģҶʵ
뿪ȥЩɻ
ðɣԭǴ˵֮ˣҵ֮˵ΪԨҪްЩĻڵĵطԨΧ֮ڡ
˵뿪Ȼǳ磬ǱطǿˡҶɺȻЩʵڲһӡ
磬ѵ˵ҵΪͻƼޣȥߵĽ棿Ľ磬Ȼ棿ȻЩҶɵҲЩȡ
Ľ磿ǰɣûд˵ظ߼˵һⲻյĹطǿҶɫһ˵˵˽ͬ˵ҪӳȥҶɿЩˡ
תһ룬ӦĲ²ˣϾǲԼʲôطһֱҲڣȻ˵ûȥҳڣ֮ͬˣ˭ȥѰҳڣҲûгһ˵
ιģѵҲص·𣿡ɻʵΪ֮ˣʵڲŻ·
Ǻǣûмƣ·ķʽкܶ࣬Ȼ֮·ԭ²ǽƣĽȻγɵģѰҲ򡣡Ҷɵ˵
ŶԭˣˣСΪûڤ飿ѵޣû飿һ䡣
ԣҶɸҪش𣬵Ȼ˫Ŀһڵˣ˵ĽΪƬӦϤɣ֪ڤ֮
ӦþһˣΪӽĽյغϿȣڤ֮Щɫ˵ƺܺǳյء
Ŷ֣ΪνӽϿڤ֮Ҷתһ˿²⡣
ˣϿȱ֮ΪأΪûڤ֮ޣĻֻ꣬Ҫ̤ϿȣգҵȱΪʧѷںϿȡ˵Żɵô˸飬Ҷɵȴ˫Ŀһ
˵Ͽȫûڤ֮ǣ˵ӦþǳˡȴǴЦһ
Сڣ飬үҲôģˣȥϿȿɡС಻ʾ˵
򲻿ɣȥ޻أǧҪȥǿǻĽءæ϶˶ԻҶ˫Ŀ΢е˼ʲô
벻ڤ֮ˣ㻹治뿪Ҳգȹȥ﾿ûڤ֮ǾΣգǲΣաҶɵ°ͣϾûʶƣǺϿҲпЩƴڣΪ֪ˡ
ˣ߲գ˵꣬˿Զɫֲ꣬ҶɵϣƺЩ֮⡣


532 
߲գҶɿ˿֮ǰѯʹС̫࣬ҪҶҲֻҪǼݰˡ
ȻѾ˳ң߲գģֻҪݱáҶЦЦ
лˣлˡֱЩţҶԭΪ߲Լֵģ˿̾Ȼã߲գܹǿԼʵģ˺ܶʱ䡣
ؿȵȴ£ѡٳ֮ȡȻǸϿȣȻ㵱޷룬ٸǡҶ˵껰վΣո
Ƭ̣ҶóŷϢ֪ǿû˵Լ䣬ֻ˵ʱסĿǰ㰲ȫ
Сͺ鲻ʱһ죬ԩҿһ𣬳ͣʼмɣʮպ󣬱λϹС飬Ӳˮȴǻһһгޱȵӡ
ҶɱĿʱ򣬺Ȼüһ壬˫ĿһĿ˿Զ
ٽѡݣĳһʱӰԶǻζ׵Ϊ
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ףЩǣ׳Ҷɵ΢΢һ㶣ûϵ˵ػ˶ˡüһû˵Щʲô
㾹ȻҪҵ߲գߣֲǰʱҽã߲յϢԭԤıԴǰҪնɱ£ɫһŭ
ЦˣѲص档Ļ׳һˣǰ¶һ˿졣
ٺ٣Ϸʵ֮ǰֻ㣬ֻһӣװ׵İǧգȻϷ˵껰Դĺһ˵Զ
״Ҷ΢΢һ㶣˵˵Щʱӣͬͱӵ飬ûϵ˷Ŀ죬Ľ·񣬻粻һ
ǰǺ⣿ɫ˵
ٺ٣ϷæȴԼҪߣϷǺ⣿ԴЦ˵
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ϾԼӡЩһԼͲٱǽͷݣҲֱͱӵ飬ް첻飬Ҷȴǿ԰쵽
ԴĲȻ˰֣֤Լ޷׻˶ʱҶĽԴƷ
֮շԼ˶࡮Ĺİ֣˵ûͨΪޣôĽҲԱ֤ȫʵǿޣҲڲ֮ɨء
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˷֣Ҷɲû֣ź˹֮ʱԼʩչ˲ǧնͨʮڷɽҲ
ԴֿСϿܵĹԵüɣ轣һ룬߲ɵý俴Ҷʩչִͨɫ΢䡣
âһ֮£ǻΪһֻ߰ɴСĴ˫ɿ֮£һɫŲɫ֣Լ޽ϯ
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ɫּԴݿǿƣǰĻһɨգӽ֮ʱȴǱһֻצֱ˺÷顣
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ҶҲоʵ֮ǿ֮ϣ˿ҲѻΪ幥徹Ȼһֻ쵾޻һ𣬶ڤ黥ײͣ
һ
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ͷӰ֣ǰһģһ¼Ҷɵһɫһףͬʱв۳Ľɫ֣Ҳ쳣ʵͬʵһ㡣
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ڤ˵ϼ˲٣ȻɱҶɣ״ɫ˿ɫ԰ףľ޴Ҷɡ
Ե㻹ʩչ֮ǰͨҲˣɡԱϣһߣڤƿ֮Ҷɺȥ
оҵĲɵжһͣͬʱǿڤ飬ƺоֿµѹ׷ɫһ䡣


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ʱһŰɫֳֻʥӰȺǧնɫֺڤ飬ɫײϡ
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źɫܣæȶ˫ֵҶɵʮڷɽȴһնС˵ϢһڣӴźһȥ
ۼź·磬ֻǳ飬ЩԴĶ֣Լζù
ԼҪߣαסƴͻצ㹥ȥ
ۣһѪϢ˿ܻĺС࣬ǽɫܣԼΪ꣬ɵĻ䡣
Ϸԩ޳㵱ҪϾɱ𣿡Ե˵
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ҶһĿĴﵽֻȽԷ£ԷģԼ̸ʸǿʼöԷĿֻгЦ
СӣǸĽ𣿼쳼㣬ǿУҵȻǸ侮ʯ
齨ߣǰ򵥣ĽͱԬͳһˣҲΪĽԼҵȲŶǶУ
ߴշˣ˵첻ϣԼ¾ͰˣСӣڣǶ𣿡Ц˵꣬һΣǻָ۵ߡ
ǰʵ㣬ҼˣǻӡԼƵһշ£ûиұѵĵʱԶЦһҲǾɲͣס֣Դѡ
ʲô㵱治Ǳ֮ˣӡƣ˵һִ˵еԼħѪģѿɻ᣿Դ֪ΪΣȻü
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㻹лǰΰݣȵԺ󣬿һ涼ѣԼú롣Դ˻νǷ͸ȫҶɵ˰Ĵڡ
һת˿ܣ漴âһǻָ˻׳ԴԣһҶɲΰ
ԸΪ˵껰Ҳָⳡȱ仯ɵЩû뵽ԴҲܰԼΪ
Ҷ΢ЦĿŶˣڵǿɲҪΪֻƾһ仰ҾͻǣұҪ½ԼӡڼȲķ𣿡
Դɫһ漴˵ͷһɲӣ֮ɫ·̫ǰִ˵е
˵ͷҶɲԥһ֮£ͷϷâԼ侫ͼƮԴͷ
״ԴЩ֮ɫȴЩִӣڵˣ㲻û㲻ፁְɣ
Ҫɱ㣿ӵõ޷ҶĳǾԶˡҶɫһ˵˸顣
˲˵â΢΢һ۵һû˶˵Ķͷ֮ڣԴ˵ɫһףͷҽһƬ̺ǻָ
ףڲʶ֮ױɸо˵λãκͨ깵ͨԴЦ˵
ϣѵûģֻҪԸ⣬һ뷨Ҷ˵С͵ˣ˿ʱҵЩƵ˵תͣ
ԣԴһɸֵӣڵߣ㶮ʲô콵˵ܲ͸ģ
ǲܶЩԼܽһĽϾͻһۼʵҲõһЩǽͷˣ
Դı֣ҶЩһ˷ܵӣǶԷԼ˽ƣҶԷϴһ
ˣƻʲôԼһ֪Դ˿Ҷɣɫһ˵
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ʲô˿Կ䣬ҵҲҪꣿǺģû뵽ӡԵ
ӿڵٺ٣ԣҪǲһҪˣĻ䣬Ǿ͵ɱһ㡣
֮ǰ˵Ǹ磬ǺͨһֶΣΪ޺ΪˣޣȻҪԱΪĿģҪã
˵ҵΪߣԵǻһԴŰǵģ߲գҵģԣͲҪڴʲôˡԴ˵꣬˿һ΢ЦҶɡ


534 
ҶշԴ֮󣬱ںԱϢ˷սԴĲСϢ£ǻָ
ڼԴнһЩĽ飬ԴڻĽǧ꣬ǰ֪ҲһЩ
˵ĽĴ˵һֱδ˼ˣ˵ڻ򿴼ĻɻǺʬ䵽Ƭ
ĽһΪ̬ռ̬ԻκȫΣȻҲǻĽԨԴġ
Ľ羿γɣȴ֪ĽгĴܶ࣬߶ǰʮڼ߶ԼԨչء
ʮԺ󵽵ڶʮһĴڣû˸ǣż߶һ£ѰһЩ
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һսڴδ˵õƽ֮ڱչأδĹ򣬵Ҳһܹ֤ʵĴŰˡ
ˣɱСǰĽ֮Уʮģǰʮû˶ܹвԴϣæһ䣬Դһɫ
ŵʮ𣿡Ҷɰ뵽ʮʵԼսǰʮκһˣ¶Ƕ֡
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ˣ˼һܴﵽǰʮڼĸʵҶɺȻһ䣬飬ҲֻԴܹشˡ
⣬ҵȫƴȫµڰ˵ھҲ׻ܵģԴϸ룬˵Ļشһ䡣
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ǣˣʲôʱȥСҲһڴ֮ɫϺ޾˵ⲻһ
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˼ʱҶЦЦղİݣڸϼζҩƳҩ˷ãܽյҩԳַӳӼɡ
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ºҶƳʮʥԴһһţСȻ£ֻǺûڸˡ
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лңϰҩֱǱⵤҩҩԲͣǷúҪһʱ䣬ǶһЩʵԺҲ㲻١Ҷ˵꣬ǲĿ
˼״׷һյأ̷ҩҩСЩ⣬õҩ󣬾Ȼֱ˯·˯бһ㡣
˵ҩϣһΪҶɵգԴɫأڵˣǰȥϿȣȻ·֣Ϲĵ̣˷ܲ׸ҵ·
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Դһۣæ׷ȥСǱҶ˷˴պ󣬱Դ˴·Ҷں治ĸš
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Ҷɸ磬ٻһΪ㱨ģΣһҪ״Բ֮Բʧˡ˵꣬ٻƺ˿еѹ·һ֡
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ǳɹ׻ӤԲΪʦҲ뿴žϷݣһԸԳģȻֹڴˣٺ٣ɽ˵껰ͬʱ¶һЦݡ

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Ҷһˣɶ£ŸϵָûпϿȣԶԶǿһƬһ޼ʵĹ֡
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ˣϹҲЩ£ҵȲ֪ԭ֮£ǿȥȷ֮١
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֮Ҷɻ״˵磬漴ʵ൱εʵ
ˣҵȵһ󾳽磬СͲüˡԴ͵Ҷɰ˵ͷ
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ټϹϣնɱһӤԲͬ׵ȷʲô£ֲǰǧ򼶼Ըġ
ٺ٣ȻܲһЩ֮ǽҶĳǼʶһ£ʲôŽ֮䣬ҶɵһֻɫС켤
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ݶ˵͵ļ󣬴˷òϣϾһ׷󣬲ҶǰЩɽڣһܲСĹ󡮾Ǭ󡯣˷ó
ǲϣٺ٣סҲûʲô⣡Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ƺԲµ󷨼ġ
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һԴϵĹдȻûʲôôˣҶɰĽˣһĳʶʵѷϹҲǱֻ֪ﱻ򣬴δ
ҶȴЩ£Ϲ̬ʵˣԼԼԴ˳֣ҲԲϹĶ֣ܵõĽеϹ︨һֲս


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ڣһļϢ½٣ȻĶ֣ΣҶɿƽ֮λŲתºˡ
Ҷɿ˿ԴսǿԵҶɽ󽻸ԴƣȽϳȣдϣֻʱòˡ
Դһҿ߶ϵ󲢷ǿҲĽԺǾ֪ˡҶ˵껰һû֮ڡ
Ϲ˺ѷεĽǲҽУǷŭ˱ƵԶԶ˿Ϲһƣӡ
Ҫǰȥ׷ʱֻоǰϼһһֶЦеĿԼ
ºֶΣ⾿ʲôͨϹòҶɣüһ˵
ԣҶЦЦڵѣ˵ʵҶĳûжȫĻǼֲõġ
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Ŷ¾ɴţϹȻûף˵һ䣬Ҷһصӣвɵһ˿⣬ʵڵҶʲôֶΡ
ѣϸ룬ǶսҶĳѾڲ֮أЩҶĳһͲˡҶɻ䣬Ϲ۽һ
ǺǣвصģǳɳףѵĺҶĳûΪǣֻǽסˡҶЦ
סЦˣסҰУ㾿ŪʲôطˣϹɫһЩԼﱻסǸоԼǱŲƵһδ֪򣬸֪Լڻ
ʲôطٺ١Ҷ׼ƾͼƣѴЩˣ㲻Ҳûϵھһ仰Ƿ񳼷ңܷص֡
ԣϹɫһ䣬漴ߣߣǻס²ɣĽϷ˵δ߱飬ҵԼҵġ
ǺǣȻţǿҶĳһֶΣҶɻ䣬ֻϹͷһ
ѹ۶Լһɫ׻ǬģǬ׽ֲ֮
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Ľ󣬵գֻ˲ͳһУһˣԺʱ壬ҵȵϸϷ硣˳
Щ԰˫ĿԴеĹ죬ȫԼʱ٣Ҷ˴˻ȴЩЦãҲûйʲô
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ĬһٷĹϹɫòϣҶҲߴ٣ֻһĬĬһ΢Цӡ
˿Ϲâһǻָߣ漴Ҷɹ˹֣ɫһ
ջĳӴ˹˳ˣڣϹɫ֣أ˵껰ƺ˿ӡ
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˵еӡϹЩɵ֮⣬ĵִȻ̫˽⣬ܸоԼвСԼ
ֻҪ㲻ңֽͬ裬ô㻹ûй˳Ѳɾ˶ģҶɫһ˵
ң˶֣Ϲ۽һ͵һͷϵĺɫš
һĹҶɴޱϹԴԣҶǳ󷨣ջԼܵȱСҶɵۣٴλص˺ڽҶ
Ϲ˿ΧܵĹѯʹ󣬷ǵĻش𶼺һ£ǳ˲ͬĵطûܵʲôźδɶݣҲ֡
ǰ룬ҵʵǲ٣Ժ󼴱ǶԸǧ򼣬Ҳвٵʤ㡣ԴϴŨŨЦ⣬оǰΪʵһ˵顣
Ϲȴüͷһ壬ҡͷǿɱСǧ򼣬ϴǿ֣Ϸ㶯ǧ˴Ͳ֮˽룬Žߣ絥ϷϲĶ֡
ŶⲼ֮ʵ̫ƽҶɿ˿ܵĹɵҡҡͷԼͶò֮оλʽʵڱ׾˵ԼĽ轣֮ͬȫ޷Ƚϣһʿ뵽ְ취
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ԴɫȻϾǻĽյأ֪ΪΣϹȴû˿֮ɫо˸
ˣϷźϿȣʵһܣϹ˵꣬Ҷɵͬʱ¶ɻ֮ɫ


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˶һ裬ҶʵڲҹάͿгĴ󷨣֪˶󷨲̫ͨ
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ˣǱǺϿȣҵҲֻ͵ǰĻҵȳܲס»ΪʧڴˡϹ˿ԶɽȣҶ˵
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷо˵ڤ֮ȷޣ䵭ȴǲûиоҲûκνƴڡ
˵ȿǳڤ֮Ѿ޷ˣûڤ֮ˡҶ˼˵
磿ˣǲ׷˻ȥˣϹЩʧ֮⣬ԴҲɫһ
Ҷ˫ĿһУʱҲûʲôð취ʱ룬ϿСҪѰһڣûһҲҲ
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ˣȻȥɣȵ￴Ҷ˵껰һߣºڽ΢΢һɢϼɽȼȥ
¼ĿĿЩӣԴ̾ϢҵϣҲڣһҵȱȻԼߣõٵĺô
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Ϸϣ£ֻ֪Ҫ֪¡ĻϷԲǼġϹ˵껰Ǵɫѿ˷֡

һºҶ˺ϿȵĹȵף˵ԱطŨһڤ֮Ҳоֱûʲôֱ
Ҷܱ鲼һЩ滨ݣһֻֻҰ޳ûߵֲߣЩҶҲв֣мȴкҩ
Щֲ꣬Ҷ΢΢һЦֱһ޴ҩ԰һתҶɺȻиֵ뷨
ǰһϵĹɷ⣬ۻ̳ѣްȫ䣬ʿˣƬӡ
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ˣܶŨҩ㣡ʱСȻ
²ҳ˵ԱϣҶɱǶݹһԶȥʶ֮ǳ׷ſܻ
ºҶɽϿȼһ룬ʼûзʲôĵطҶɲЩ
ǿʲô֣ҶһߴԶ˵һ䡣
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С˸оϢҲûʲôķ֡Сഫ
ף˵ȵȣһСЩش˳Ҷͷо·ڸӦʲô
ôˣҶЩɻ˵
֣ǰоһּŨҩ㣬СоҪ϶мĺôȴоˡСЩʧ˵
Ҷȴ˫ĿһУôܣѵҩܳɾԼ˲ɣ⵹ûпܣҶɺȻת˵һ䡣
СѰһᣬûиоϢǻصҶɵ֮УҶǼɶɽϿգʱԶ
ףҶɺȻЩ֣ɽȵĹȵףܴ·ģһҶŷĵطɶݶȥ
ˣСָоϢˣСʱҲҶǰһ䣬ǳŷڷȥ
պַʧҶȴǳһȵ׵ɽԱߣߴģںģҶʶһɨֲûκνƲ
ҩ㣬ӦöǴ˵شģȽȥͨδ˵Ҷ̧һ˦׳һҹͷһ֮£ǽɽ֮ڡ


540 ׳
ɽֲͨڣ⽨ɣ˲ٿر￪ٳģܽΪʯڣȥӲ
ҶɳԽһֲûжʯκ𺦣˿֮ͨˣҲҪǻӤʿҿͨ鱦ܰ쵽
ɶһ£ҶҲûпͷɽûκβ·ҲûʲôؽƣȻʲôʯŰˡ
ҶȴЩľԼĶ٣ȫɶݲѰʲô£һ¾ԿԷɳϿȷΧ˵ԼѾ뿪˺ϿƬ
⵽ͨδѵͨ磿ҶЩ˿̲С鼤ҶҲоǹŨҩ㡣
ɶ˰£ҶȻûзͨľͷһߣٲӿ˼֣ʶ֮ʱţⷢ
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ˣСоôܴһҪõֻϢҵʥͨΪлӣǿСЩҶɴδģ
ҶֻǸоҩŨȴǲûиоС˵ǰôΪʣһҲûиоӡ
ģһõȱ𼱣ǰƺоһ޵ǿᲨҶɵʶ֮ʱţǰоһ˿Σգת˲ʧ˵ȴٴγڤ֮
ҶȴǲҴ⣬ֻûɶݣڣ˾޴ʯԵҹɢ͹ϼʯڵɨһ顣
ʯһһͨҲ֪ͨδһ͹ʯ̨һųߵֲ꣬ƬҶϽһöţ۴СĻɫʵһɫ·ʵɢŵӫ⡣
ҶȴһʯУһźۣͬĿ׳ԼԴһ˿֮ɫ
Ҷи𾪲ѣ׳Լǰʶһɨͬһʯһ㣬оɢκβѵϹеʿ
ҶʶϸɨΣǸоһ˿΢Ĳɲϸ΢ϸ֮̽£׽䵱һʯͷԵҶȴǷ֣ӦԼͬ׵Ĵڡ
ź۵Ŀ׳ݺͨ俴Ҷɺֻǳ˶ݵ񣬱ǻָһ֣¶һζЦݡ
ҶΪԷҪʲô˵׳ͻȻ֣Ҷɼٳ˹״ҶɲҴ⣬ֳֺڽȭͷһնȥΪСĵǿҶҲߡ
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״׳Ȼû˵ȭűԼ߳һͷħȥȥȫ
Ҷħһ䣬оڳըԵǿպڽź׳ȭͷһնȥ
صһ
һŴĿѶĽǿ׳һͣ漴ŵŵŵĵ֮࣬ȭͷֻһ׺ۣƤûơ
ҶҲǺֱٴδ֮Уи⾿ʲôȻȭͷӲ˿ֲľҶɻָ࣬Ӧ׳ıǲޡ
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صһҶɵͬߵķһ㣬Ѫĵɶڵ滬ʮ֮Զһĵĵͨڵĵ档
׳˫һΣȭͷϴһ˿ۣھû˿˺𾪵Ŀ˿Ҷɣһ̣ɱһٴγҶɡ
ãҶʵûϵ˱̬ۼ˹Ҷɵһ˦һöɹϼ
Լһö۵һѶΪһɫ˺׳ǵԪ֮
Ҷǿ˵壬Ҳϵʹæ˳ͨԭ·أڼ̷һ˵ĵҩ˷ûʲôģȴǼء
ͨڣǺ׳һŭҲ֪˶ãƺǽǷĽɫٴγҶɣֻǶ˾롣
ˣҶҲľѣˣ϶Ĳǿ׳ᱻ׷ϣ׳Ķ٣ԲڵҶһ˿
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ͬһʱ䣬һƬڵͨڣȻһâźâһҶɵν۶ֻɫ˲԰ףһϢ½٣ɫޱȵӡ


541 ⾪ϲ
ʩչһѪ֮ҶȻûӳ˫ĸ֪ΧҶɲһоԷޱȡ
Ҷ׼ٴʩչѪ֮ʱ򣬺Ȼ׷׳ͣǻһ֮󣬱۷˻ȥ
ҶɳƬ̣Ȼͣݹһߵ˳ͨԶݶӣºҶɲǳ׵Ķݳͨγɽ֮ڡ
ҶǴһܣ漴ַɶʮգɽȱԵ˼󷨣Сػ⣬ԼǸϽ̷˼ŵҩĿϢ
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ˣûʲôɣ֪˷̽ʲôһ䣬ҲǽĿҶɵϡ
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Ҷľǣо׳ûжȫҲûϵҶɵ֮ǿȫ£ҶɸоԼ壬ȫܱñ
Щ£֮ͨ£ƾµģҶɸоӦûУҲ첻¡
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պ׳ʵҶɸоԼЩˣ¼ϹҲĶ֣ȫ£ûܽһУȥҲֻˡ
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һϿûгڣҶһЩãȻȻСҪǿҲȡУҶЩˣһڼϴ֮ҲκβǺ׳ڻ·ϣҶСǴǰȥȡͷ
ʱ䣬һȥϿȿһۣȻûջҲֻڻĽĴתתˡҶ׼չغúõϢһʱ䣬Ͼжв㡣
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Ϣʱ䣬Ҷڴҩά£ڽһƵ߰˰ˣ뿪֣ٴȥ˺Ͽȡ
Ҷڹתʱ䣬ϸϸĽϿȷһ飬ɽ⣬һջҲûҵ
˵Ҷɲٽӽɽ֮УʱҶɵǽϿڵĵҩժһգЩͨҩҶҲûзŹеǱС̵ˡ
ΪһЩҩ֮УֻҶʶģ˽ҩԣŸҼϼζϽҩƳɵǿҩԣͬѡʥǰ㡣
һЩϤҩҶǲҶ֣˷ҩԭҩֻСԭʼķȥ
СҲʲôҩԵģ޶ԼӦֻвҩСŻ֣ǱҶ
Ҷװҩ߸ʹãϾҩҪ棬װ֮ڣ䳤õıҩڿ
ȻҶҲûбİ취ܲĿ˶ҩ޷ȡġ
һգҶɵӰķռ֮УԴҶɽ׻ӤԲ󣬴˵ؿռҲʮ֮㣬̨״Ȼûб仯ͨӦòʲôӦ
ԭյķռ䣬˿ȴǳһŨҩ㣬Ǹҩֲ꣬ҶڵõһЩҩԼʱ໯ӤʿеõҩҲֲ˷ռ䣬ҶɴеһЩҩӣҲֲ˴˵ء
ڣҶȫ˵һ˽˵ҩ԰ӴҲõҩ޴ţҩʧˣռҲһ̣Ҷɿٳ;
ٺ٣˵Ũպʺҩģҷռգҩ˿޷йһҩеҩȻҩ߳ࡣҶɸոæµϣ·ĸҩ΢΢һЦ˵
˵һ
ȻڷռҩﵽһŨ̶֮ʱռĵ΢΢һҲųһƬɫĹϼƺҪʶҩһ㡣
ҶŪ״ֻϵƺһ㣬ޱȵŤԭڶ飬ֶϷ֮״ȴ΢΢ſ
۵һ
һƬɹϼ֮һɢռڣԼ䣬Ҷɿһſţ׽ϸС㣬ͬ¶һ˵ֲ֮ϡ
Ҷɼæ˿·ֲ꣬±Щ˺ԼЩջͽҪһ񣬵һ̣Ҷȴסˡ
ԵظоһЩֲ꣬ʼǰɫ㾹Ȼͬһ㣬ҩ
״Ҷоϲޱȣû뵽ԷֽⵤȴԴҩҩʱ䣬Ŀǰһʱܹҩڶ̶һµʱԴﵽ״̬
ǿҩٶԱԶԵĿϲ٣Ҷ־ϲæһЩأԼԼҪҩŲൽ
棬ǳһС֣ŷռҩ࣬ҩԣʱ䣬ԼƷҩ;
ٺ٣벻ʯ;ⷮռܻд龹ȻܹҩֱҩԼƷҩ;ֻϧû໥ɵĵҶЩԲѵ˵һ䡣


542 Ŀ
磬սһ
½ĳƹڣһЩʿѾԻʲôż̸ǰԪűƽԨһš
ǸҶɵ̫ϧˣֱͿĴš
ϻѹţˣʲôҲûˡ
ţϢ䶯Сһ֪ˣǵϢСطҶ˭֪
һʿ̸˾֪飬ƺδҶϧţȻϢмʱˣʱʱı
ڴڱԵһžԣһۣžƺòݵߣȥʵӡˣɹŷΧѰҩǿ
̸Ҷ֮£ЦһΪڼǰҶٴδϢ˵ҵһҩԼʱȫ
ǿȥԪ۹ѰҶɣͷһҶʱȫǼԼȥˣҲ޲ΪǿûǸ£ܹȫԨ
ͬ˼ģڴݶʳǸ壬Ȼ˵ҶʱȫлЩģҲ޿κΡ
ҶɴϢҵҩһֱڿ޺ۻ£ֻ÷޺ۻҩϢ

˿̵ҶɣϹԴˣһĶУƺʲô
ҶɵںϿȣҩռ˷ռ󣬱Ƿص֣ЩĹжҶоһ׼׵Ĳλ֮
˵ҶΪ򵥣ϹȴǼ쳣Ϲ֮ǰһҪǿ࣬ܣɣȻ˷ֻڣϴʩչ
ڼ䣬ҶȡռһЩҩ˼ֶаĵҩֱ𽻸ԴˣԴ˸мѣɫǼ伤
ҶְϹ˼ŵҩȻ⼸ŵҩϹ˵Ҫʲôҩҩ棬Ҷݷռڷҩ࣬ƳϹġ
ҶɵϣŲٵĳƷҩǶôģһЩָǿսĵҩϹҲõϣЩҩҶɲûȫˣԺµʱŻó
ˣĳ˵л˴˷һʵϹɫһ˵
л˴µҩԴͬ˵
Դ˶ʵ˽⣬ȻϹĽУҲֻľϹǰйӴ
Ϲ֣˽ӽҲгһգʿܴӺϿȻôõģȻϹ
ϾϹڻĽģ˽Ҳ࣬ȻʵڵĴ˵ûб֪
Ϊ˸ûм壬ϹЩҲһֱоܽӽϿȣȥѰټ̽Ѱյܡ
ʱҶɵĳ֣ȻϹ־ϲȻܲԸ½ƣƺҲûиõİ취ƺһǵѡҶɶԴƺӡ
ҲغҿȻңȻǡҶȻ˵˼䣬ʱ䣬˱뿪֡

һ߻谵ĶѨڣһϤϤʮֻ̬׳˶˫ĿɺΧ£һꡣ
ֵǣЩƱŰ쳣ǰ˳쳣һ䶯һЩƺһĵ˵ͷ
ʲôˣӺȻüͷһ壬漴˻֣һֻֻâһǶ˵
ͬһʱ䣬ڴϼһӰֶΪ׵İ꣬Ҷɵˡ
ףǰ̵ѣѣѣǣû뵽˻۵һϹԴһԭ
ǰʮŲϣʵ벻һʲôĿģ꣬˵оŲΪӲδов
ٺ٣ĿѣδϹ˿꣬΢Ц˵
ǰˣû뵽ưܶλǣоЩ˿Ҷɵƺо⣬ɵɻ
ĿѣܣλҼˡҶɣϹ䣬ĿİһϹˣ⾿ʲô
ˣλǻĽеھŵĿĽ֮УĿѵϢͨˣ鲼Ľ硣Ϲûп佱ʵΣĿҲҷϹǰʵǱ֣ĿҪһͷ
ĿѣһᣡҶɵЦ
ҶѣһᣬҶѾǼǰճڻĽɣ˵ѻ˲죿
ٺ٣֪λݹ٣ʧԶӭĿ䣬ǸֳһѰѱɫΣ˷׷
ĿϢȻͨҶĳҲתĨǣ˷ǰҪǴһЩϢҶֱӿڵ
ŶҶл뽲ܰõģһĿѾоԷ壬˵оȣҲû̫ķӦϹˣʦڵԼ´ϢԲ򵥣ԼΪϢͨĿҲûиҿºڡ
Ŀѣ֪֪кδټʬ߻Ľûʲôĵط˵ûڤ֮ĴڡҶɫһʵ
ԣĿɫһƬ̣ҡͷЦ˵Ľδµλ½׵ĵѣ˭˭֮䷢ìܣʻܰæ
Ҷѵ⣬ʵԻشʬ䵽˵һΣҲҰ˺á
ĵطֻ֪һҶѵı£ҲӦ֪ϿǴˣĵطû˵ꡣ
Ŀӹ㣡ʱֻһ˶Ѩ֮ڣϹɫһ䡣


543 ˵
ǧ򼣬ϹȷӦԲɫһ䣬Ҷüͷһ壬еĴڡ
ʲôĿЩɲ˵漴Ѩ֮⡣
ʱѨſӰһһŰĳۣƤźߣ˶ڣϹ˺û̫֮ɫҲûעˡ
Ŀ㣬ף߻һ٣ȻĿҶɵϣһ㶣漴˫Ŀ΢еĴҶһЦ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣ֵǸɣСӣһЩȻ㱻ײˣȻ֣֮˫ĿŹĿҶɣһ֮ϡ
ԣϹɫһ䣬ҪǿĿǰЩ˾һҲĶ֡
ҶתƬ̺󣬹ֵŶʣ⼸飬Ҳ׼ȥдһġ
Ҷ˵ĻƽЦݿȥӣϹȼ˶УЩƵ˼ⲻɫһ䡣
ˣǣϹû˵꣬ǱҶɰִϣҶֻЦĿǧ
ˣϹˣµ΢΢һ㶣ٿҶӣԭûҶɷ͵кȻ¶һ˿ɵ֮⡣
ѣҶĳоϹսʵһ㣬׼ȥԻĽеĵȻֵѵģϾݵλҪ߳һЩ
Ҷĳ˵أҲֱսѡҶɵĻмɣȵϹսһ㣬ȥ󲢷սʵΣʵɲһ
˵λߣԴսеĵһȻû취Լݵ͵
һһӵͽսûĽ˿Ҳ˵Ҷɲ񣬱ϾֻҪʤˣʸսҶֱսǻĽ֮˿ɾҪЦҶˡҶҲҪһ֪ߵغ
ŶҶҪһĽʵΣսɲҶΪԼݸߣԼӲȥս
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һǲˣҲǺܵģҲһ£սʤ֤ҶԼʵ൱˷ҶǿУԼǿĵˡ
Ҷʧܣһǧְ취Ҷֱץߣʲôܱȥ
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ڣҶɺȻʲôʵˣǰ˵Ҷĳ£Ī֮ǰʲôҪֱսҶĳ
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⣬֪ΣĿƽʵ˺ֹһͷҪѯ
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ȥϹƺ˿û뵽Ҷ׾ͽ򷢵ˣǻԼʵû뵨
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544 ı磨ϣ
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סȺ˽£ҲûмҶǰսڷ֣ԼϵˣҶһˡ
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ڿ鱾ĵŪЩʲôӲŲϵķߣбǼܳɵñŭһ


545 ı磨£
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Ĭã˿еţֿ˿ܺˣĿҶɵϣâһǧǻûΪ˺ߣһε̾Ϣ

ºĿڶѨڣҶɵΧ£һʯԣƷζҶƣ׷ѡ
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ʮֻɫֶţɫߣĿϹԼɫ
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˲֮£ֻ챪æԶȥ˼״ɫһ䣬׷׷ȥ
ۿҪߣɫϲһ̣صһֻоǰһεԼصĸ˻ⲻ𾪲ѣͬʱЩ޴룬ô£ֱ˰Χ
ȻдʵȻֲҶ˵꣬ǷԸƺôùӳ漴Դ
Ҷżָˣ˫ĿŽƹڵд󼸴ζǾŤΣӱֳļء
Ҷǰ಻ѣڶǿʵԬʵдЧ֪Ԭ졣
ֹ˰£ֻƹڰһṦ򣬱Ǵ˹ֵ¹֣ݼˣ
ԣҶ˫ĿһУֺҲûϻʲôֱӸָĹ˽ƣҲûз֮ǰʲô
½ƺҶ˿֮ˣֻҪһЩ֪ʶʵƵ󷨡
ֲǣֻЩǿгƣҶɳάд󣬷һӳڳ˳¶˹ֵϣΪֻʵֲ̫
ȻΪ˽ƣ⼸ɵ͸ȥɣǶƣһЩôġҶ̧˦һֻƿ˹ǰ
ӹƿ󣬹ּѣٿһĽʵ񣬹кȻʲôǰԣƺûԤô
֣˵ǧǰѰһܵأԬ˹ȥ˵˵ǿ԰Ҷɫһ˵


547 ֲʵ
ҶһˣŹ䶴ڣҶȻ·Źֽǧǰ顣
ݹ˵Ǵܵز֪ιʣȻ˵һǧĪĺôɴʱ䣬ʵ
ԭ򣬵Ԭս󣬵һѨǶѨڣ⴦ܵصĹؼڤ֮
ֻϧûü̽飬ЩԬɱǱߣҲԬû׷˶ȻΣա
˺ԬռܵزǱչǧʵֻϣгһնܵأʼδԸܳԼֻԬ֪
֣ʵкϹ֪Ǵսĵط·ҷ֪ܣ㱻׷ɱϹ֣صϿһʱ򣬻ϹסˡʱȻ˵һ䡣
ŶԭǼսΪ⴦ܵ𣡡Դ˿ˣ˼˵󷴶ǰǰǰǰʮŲϣǰû˵ȫ
Ҷüͷ˼Ƭ̣ڵ֣ȥԬ죬мʤ㣿
Ĭãɫ֣صĵƾǴνֵҵȥҲֻĳʤ㡣
ĳɣ㲻û˵ʵɣ˿ǻкܶûõġ
ߣΪ㵱Ԭ죬Ҳͬûȫ֣˵ĳʤ㣬ѾǶˣҩʦûˣһʤ㶼ûСһ
ǶշһЩĽǰأӦûӼʤİɣҶɺȻʵ
ˣҳ־ʵԬʵ̫̬ܶһвˣûм˺Ԭ졣
ԣⲻ˶ܽ飬ҪԵʵѹƶԷ˵꣬˿漴ĿҶɵϡ
Ŷ˵Ǿû취ˣҶɷʵ
ˣҹ۲죬ԬȻܵزҲ׷̫Զ϶Ƿʲôܣػʲô
һȥҲԼ򵥵佻һ˿ʵҲһ׼ȻԲߣ㲻УߣԬ춨Ȼ׷ҵȡ˵
⣬˵ֱӾͽշˣҪػǴܵأ϶׷ǵģ࣬Ҳûʲô̫Σաͬ
ĬãҶɵ˵ͷڵȻˣҲֻܰ˵Կˣ֮ǰǵĵҩҶһʱ䣬֮ҵоһ¾ƻ
ǣˡ˻شϣǸȥһʵǿޣҶɵȴǲʣＴǳưԣҲҶҪֻһԸǾǾ뿪ԸȣʲôòҪˡ
һ˽˷սĻָҶɵҩʵЩҶֽ˼Żָƣʱսĵҩ׼Ԭʱʹá
չֵָ㣬Ŀ½ǴܵҶһа˼ƻܵطȥ
һ·ޣ޲ԶԶܣ׷ɫ䣬ڻĽû˴̣·ĵʱûҳ֣ŵüæҲûЩޡ
߸ºҶɵһԭϿգԶԶһݵĵ¶ѨֱҡǵԬִսʱµġ
Ҷһɨȴ΢΢üǶھȻ赲нƴڣѵԬ춮֮
һµʱ䣬Ҷڴ˵ز󷨽ƣȻʵԴ˿󷨣жԸԬ졣
֣ǰȥ󣡡Ҷɶ˷Ը֮󣬳Ź˭˵һ䣬ֻǵ˵ͷǷԶ¶Ѩڡ
ǹ۹ֽ˴յĹҲ˳˲ɵɻ׷ײ²Ԭ뿪˴˵ء
Ҳ뷨ĬãҶɽǿŵҩ̵ʱоսⰻȻһʵ٣оϲ֡
ˣҽȥһ˵꣬ŶѨڳȥԶҶɵüͷ΢壬ĵȴŽ
һʱȻ˲Щͷֱӻǧ򼣬һԾԾԵӡ
৵һ
ʱһɫӰڶڼɫ԰ޱȣǴѪһֽеĳҶɵ˷
ԬԬ棡ֱɵҶɵԣֲǰһЩȻž֮ɫ
ҵҪԬ쾿ǿᵽʲôز˿־壡Ҷ˵꣬ǽĿ˵¶Ѩλá
һ
ڴϼһһźۣͨͬ׳һâĳ˶ѨϿգдм֮ɫ
⣬Ȼ㣿Ҷɿ֮вһ˿⣬׳ǱˣǵںϿͨڣҶ׳
ˣҲԬ죿Щ֮ɫҲǿҶɣҶѹ𾪣ޱĵ˵ͷ
Сӣּˣжˣڽӽ˵һǾֻһ;Ԭ쿴˿ˣЩȻ֮ɫ
ҶԴϴԬ콻ֹаҲǴˣСҲ˵ҪˣΪʵûܶԷ
˷Ҷо˵ؿԼ뿪ĽЩһҲֻӲͷƤ֮һսˣĻԶ޷뿪Ľ硣
󣡡Ҷ촽΢ˣ漴һǿϢͷŶת˲䣬ϼԬȥ
ԶһȭӰϮź۵Ԭͬûһ㣬ƾȭӰͷ󷢳һ֮ʧ·һû˿˺
һſŴ׳֦ɣԬȥĿڤ飬߿ȥܼǿᡣ
ء
죬һ֦ײԬϣδЩ֦ɱǺȻѣǿڤ鼴ԬϣֻһģǽĿǿ׻⣬ڤһϼĵԶ


548 ޹
Ҷɿ֮˱̬ɵðľкһ˷׷׷
ಣݣ
ڤ飬һ泤Ԭȥڤ飬ɢױȵǿѹԽ֮ǰ˵Ĺ
״Ԭüһ֮ǰǰ⣬ŭȣâһǣ̼䣬ǻΪһֻߵĺëԳƤͬʯһʻҺɫ
ڤ󣬺ëԳ˫ȭأֻɢһȦȦɫΣ˫ȭһ֮£ǽڤ
أ졣
ڤ鵹ɶͬʱɫһף΢΢һȻܵһЩɡ
ԬëԳǵŵŵţſסΣ漴ǰһٴ˵¶ѨϿգҶɵǧնȻԬͷ­֮ϣһѪ֮⣬˿û¡
Ҷһô̬壬ûκս⣬ֱӶ˷ԸһԬֻػڶѨڣҲǰ׷£Ҷֻ죬Ĵ˳ߡ
Ҳû뵽Ҷɻ᳷˵˸ɴ࣬ûмҶô֣ǹ֣¶ɻ֮ɫҲûжʣԬԶ󣬱ٴλصѨڡ
ºҶɵ·һƬǵ֮ʱǵأﻹһ߲գֻͱƳ˵ҩ
ˣҵȾڴ˵Ϣһʱ䣬һ¶ԲߡҶ˵껰䵽棬һƽʯ֮ϡ
࣬оһ£Ҳûʲôõİ취ΪھԵʵǰκεĹƣòһΣĿ⿴Ҷɡ
ˣԬǿģһ̬壬ֻҪ俹⣬ȫ֣ҵһܹʤǧɫ
ϻֲм˵ʯԬƴʣͲǻĽһˣֱ޵Уһ㣬ֻǱǿһЩˡ
ƴ֮ҶɫһƬ̣ڵλҸ´ŷֻҪ˷ӦҲز鿴ݣ˵ػϡ
˶ʱҪչأֻԴ˼ɣҲ£ҲȥæҶ˵꣬˷һöŷ
ҲΪ˻ǧ˵
ȻȥлЩ飬һҪǴܵصĶĿ˵꣬ϹԼֵȺȥ
״Ҷɳ˼򵥷Ըһ䣬漴һŤ֮£Ҷɱû˵ʱ䣬ǿٳһʱ
ȻЩ˻Ӧûʲô⣬Ҷɻǲ˼󷨷ʱڣһеĳĬ
ԭ㾡뿪ط޷Ԭ죬ǱǴܵˣ£Ҷ׼ʥħ壬Ȼұ֤ܷȵԬ죬Ҳûиõİ취
ڳͨƿҶɸоʱڳƿ³ɹʾԲ̫ߣΪҪһʱĳľ
˼Ƭ̺Ҷɵһһ鳤Уʷʥħ壬ǰĲϣ
Ҷɲ򹦷ʱ򣬺ǻҶɵ׼ݳ棬ԴˣԼ˻쵽һСǶѰҰ֮أ˵Ǳչأʵ˯
ǣǼһúˡһ֣ҫϾоԼҶʱԳЩ
ߣһо㣡Ȼˣźһ
ǣҳү㲻Ҹˣݺݵ˵
ԣһתڵȻĻ꣬Ϊţȥط棿Ҳң
үﲻȥߣ˵ӲҲЩûס
ã˵꣬һʯȥǺҶɵӹǴͨͨĻڵĻ
Դ˼״ŭŬ죬û˵ʲôΪһǵģֻڴ˵ʵʵΪҶɻ
Ҷɽʥħ֮͸˫ĿһյԺݻΣûʲô󣬲е塣
˿ǰĲϣ漴ȡ󶦣в϶У۵һ·ȼ棬Ĳڻ
״Ҷ˫һһŹֵӡڷһصķʽתһ㵭İâ

ǣ򼣬ҵĵطүҸպ÷ûĻ޷ףܰȫĻʱԽȥŰһһ˵ŻһܵĻꡣ
ɽڱԵɫЩѿֺԶҲûʲôӰ죬ֱǽ֮ĻӶӲ
ղֻʵǿĹܹսʤģʵûǿġˣҼֻĹһɫû뵽˼ֻǿ˲ʵ
򼣬ʵүҶԸ׾٣֮ǰʵ㶮𣿡໹ֽУΧڤɻ꽣ܷųһɫһֻֻĻȫУֻսֻǱɻ꽣֮ڣ׼Ժ
Ǹ̥벻Ȼȫߣûеóѣɵһڴ˵ؿº󣬷ֺһϢԽǿոоģ뿪ɽ
һ󣬵ʱڣҶһֻħǴ֮ڵĸֲϣȫΪҺ壬ֻһ˿
Ȼ΢΢һʧȫڻ˶ڣҺ壬ǻΪ˵ɫ
״Ҷɫһص֣ҶͷһƮ漴һתֱ£µɫҺ壬˳ֱ£ħͷǰɫǱҺ彽ࡣ
Ҷɵһƺݵʹ࣬æڷתһɫϼɫҺתȴֲڵأıħͷϵİɫǣҲǽΪ˵ɫɢһɹĲ


549 ̸
һƬ޼ʵĵһֱͨľŲ㽨εض𣬴˽̻Իͣȥư磬ΰ
֮ϣһɫƯѣϼǧʱһֻֻ޴ڰΣٶȾȻ˿ʿ
ܣǱһƬɽҰŸ黨ݣһֲ棬ĿϼһɹŨҩɢ
ƬȻƮͣһɼұصӡ
޴Ľˣһ֮ɫҹϣӡϵĽɫ֡
һͨ񷸮ڣһ뷢԰ףɷǵİߣ֮ϡ
ȻüһһӣǰȻһƬˮĻϻֳŽɫС֡
ʲô½羹Ȼ˵ڶʥħ壿Ӧ½ˡ˵껰Ҫк¡
ſһһŰµִ˴һľ֮ϡ
ϣѾʼұڽڰˣӦǰʵбüƻˡ꿪żɽ˵
Ŷ֮죿Ϸող½˵ڶʥħ壡ɫ˵
Ƭ̣˫ĿһУڵɽңұʱܸȲҪ˼½ϣ½ͨѻٵǿп̨ɹʼͣķĴ󣬻Ҫ˷Ѳ־ʵڵòʧ
⣬֪Ƿ½ӡߵۺ룬оһ˵
ǺǣǷ½粻һʵбüƻһܹŤתս֣׻Ǿͽͳһɽ磬ǸɢޣҲҪ˳ҵȡг˵
շɢ޲ɢһϣʵ޷ԸЩɢޣԴϴɽ綯֮ɽҲʵˣֻʣϱʿ˶ռɸɢޣɵҲҵսȷǸûᡣ΢΢һЦ˵
ϣⲻãǰɽ幬ߵ֮УԶн̨һЩСЩҲڸн̨
½˷ֺ֪δҵȲòⱻ˿ӣڶʥħ壬Ĵڡ
۶Լʶ֮Ҫ󣬸ܹﵽģһɽ磬пٴɽ綯ңϾѪ֮󣬶һ˿ħԵġɫһ˵
ħѪߣ˷ʵ̫пֲӣò˵꣬¶һĨ⡣

ͬһʱ䣬Ľ磬ĳ¶֮ڣ
һɣһɫۼףľ޴ħգͶ֮䣬ܿռɢ֮ƺмֲƻ
ħڶʥħҶɣȥߴһЩƺûʲô仯ϸһԭͷǿŰɫǣʱȴǻΪ˴֮ɫ
ɫǳԼһȦȦɫ·ȥʱʱ֣죬ɢŵɫ㡣
ħ̧һУԶɫܱǳǰħ׳ֱһգץ˿ܵͷ­֮ϣָһץ
أһ죡
Ľ֮£ǿܵͷ­鲼ƣ漴Ѷ漴ΪҺһת»Ϊһͷ­
ڶʥħ壬Ȼ˿ֲ죬ֻķʵ̫Ϊ޷̫ãħһЦ漴ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
৵һ
âһħС̼䣬ǻΪһŰµ꣬ܣ֮󣬱ŵϿնȥ

ϣԴʲôǧЩƲֵӣǵĿԶ
˵Сൽʲôֻ˯ѣȻˣ챬ϢǴﵽ˶ΪҡͷԵ˵
ܸߵޣʶȻѣǰɵҩҵо߽ײΪ֡ԴЦе˵ȴЩ⡣
Ҳǵ˵ͷڵΨǹһЩϾ޷õҩҵǺ棬ƺڽǺڽôһѽģ
Ц⻹ʣĪķǹշӡ˺ڽ֮У˵ǽʲôڤɻ꽣ɻġ
ˣ⼸һֱûòʲô°ɣҪǲ˵ҵǽˣһǸϿȥң⣬˿϶ҡȻʲôһĳһɽȥ

ǣбǲϵģһռڣһֻɣڵ̤ڽŶһֻš
ɱҽ֮һСб֮Ϸȥֻкö˵ֻ֮·ηһ㡣
Сʵ㣬ҲûвɱӿʵôĻҲɲֻǱҷӡɻ꽣֮ڡ
ǣүȻų£Ļ㻹ôϴ绻϶±ǿЩ˵תʼմŽ֮ɫ
ƺ鼤ŭһ㣬ԶܳǧֻĻ꣬ԭͲߵǣ˲䲻˹ź鱬ȥԶԶȥѹѹһƬһƬɫһ㡣
ѹѹһĻʵǿĺ飬Ҳɵô˸ȴ¶һ˷֮ɫ漴Ȼź󷽻Եȥ
໣кĻһ壬Ҫᣡҽ֪ͨ·ˣŭһſź˷ȥ
ţ˫ĿһΪɵĻ꣬ŻԵĺ˹ȥԶ״Ǽش˴֣кâ˸·˷ֺµӡ


550 ̽ܵ
ףСྐྵȻ׻ڶˣҶɸһ棬ǳСλÿ˿
ӭ˳أԴ˿Ҷɣæʺһ
ţأҶɿ˿Զ
Ӧȥ˻֮˵ЩջСԴص
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣΢΢˵ͷ漴Ÿֵˣ˵ؾۺϣ漴Ҷɱ˵档
߰պԶʯݹһӰǽӵŵ飬һ󣬱ǳҶǰ
ӭ˳أʺһ
Ҷɿ֮üһ˿̺ѻΪӣֻǴ˿ǲϸ£θӰֱͬͨһʵ
Ǻ˿ɢǿϢҶɸоֲԶԶԽǰջָԲʱ˵ڻûлָͨʵԳԽһԲĴڡ
飬ǿҪָͨʵˣҶɿ˿꣬˵˵
ǣˣȷʵˣ˵ܶ࣬·鼷üŪ۵Ŀ˿Ĭ
Ŷ˵һʱ䣬ͿԻָͨʵˣҶʵǺܹﵽͨʵԼ绹ǻĽ磬Աˡ
ܣˣʵܶĻ鶼ûüɵģֻǽɻ꽣ڷӡԺǺڽڵĻ꣬úָͨʵˡЩ˷ܵ˵
ŶָܻҶЩģָ֪ͨ󣬻᲻ᱳԼ
Ʋ̫죬ΪҷӡļֻҪɻ꽣ҸǶ֣黹ҪĥǵʵɡЩ
Ǻðɣµʱ;ָʵǾ͵ȹǣһ룬ǱȥԬ졣Ҷ˵꣬¶֮ɫ
˵֪Ҷк̣Ȼ֪ԬʵҪǰȥӦЩҲŶԣҲûȰ˵ʲô
º󣬹֡ϹԼĿ½ϵ黽С֮Ҷɴ˱뿪˴˵أԬܵطȥ

ºԬڶѨϿգҶɵ
һǰҶɵ˱Ǹϵ˴˵أֻǴ˷ڶڴ󷨣ϾԬ첻Զ׷Ҷֻܽ󷨲ڶڸֻҪԬһ֣ͻ󷨷Χ֮ڡ
֣󣡡ҶɷԸһˣ㵽˵¶ԶֵԬʵֲڶںǲУ׼붴Ѩû뵽ԬȻݳ˶Ѩ˵Ҷ
һ۵ԬĿ˿ˣĿڵǻǲģնɱǼˣǲô˵ˡ
ŶҪնɱҵȣ֪ǷʵҶɫȻ˵ȴǴŽ֮ɫ
ߣ˵˵֮ˣɱ⣬ȼ㲻ã°ܽѣϴҵӵԬһ
ҶĳҲҪȥܵؿһۣȻ㲻·Ҳûʲô˵ˡҶɫһ˵
Ϊ˵˭ԽҪܵأȹ˱ءԬ컰δ䣬ֻǰһ䣬ԼȻһƬŭɳĮϿգǳһɳ
ףʲôطѵֶΣŪ˱𴦣ãҵԬһŭ˫ȭأâһȻΪһֻɣȫëľԳֻƤȥͬʯһʻɫΪʯԳ
޴ʯԳ˫ȭһգȵһΣǰһɳһȭ
أ졣
ǰһıѶֲƻһд֮ԬȻ֣ǰȻͬһѿ
৵һâһԼȻһϿգԬ¶ɲ֮ɫϤĳƺϹء
ҶޱȣԬһУƾ֮һȭȻǿƵ˵һжôֲȫԼ֪£Ƶ󷨣˿Ǽ󷨣޷סⲣҪ˴ǣơ
Ϲ㷨һԴ߷ҿ£Ŀд֮£ЩסԬ졣
Լƿ󣬹֣С࣬飬һסԬ죬ѰһṥⲣһҪȫ֣򲻿ɴ̽ҶɷԸһ
ˣԼսԬ죿Ǳ̬塭ֵĻû˵꣬ͱҶɴϡ
ڲ˵Щʱ򣬼ȻҸҳ֣ȻЩգҲ޷ֿ壬ǸûлģߣҶ˵꣬Ŵ֮зȥ̾Ϣһۺ֮ɫֵҲ׷ȥ
ԬȭܿռѣٴһȻһϿգ˵һռתԬҲ˶ߡ
в²⣬ԼûлطСʲô۷ֻҪԼЩٿռȫƳһܹصԭء
˵Ԭ²ĹԭǺȷȴȷģֻҪƵԬȻԭء
·гһ֣Ԭһ֣żƵǰٿռ䣬ԼվԭأЩҲ˺Ԭǽӽ̬塣
һգԬҪȭֻܿռһŤȻʮɫӰԼΧԬ춨һȻҶɵӣһϢһ޶˷ֲ١
ΪƾЩٵĶסԬûóȻ֡
ˣԬѵʵҶĳɲ˵˴󻰣ֻƾһСС󣬻סԬѵġܼʮҶɣͬʱ
״ԬЦ֪ͺãٿռȫٵǵڣߣ˵껰ʯԳ˫ȭһգܼʮҶɵӰȥ


551 սʯԳ
һҶɵӰԬʯԳ飬һҶɵӰ»ûⲻԬ챩ŭޱȡ
ҶɵӰҲûţ˫ַ任ͣһϢͷŶâһǣȻΪһɣźɫƬͷɫȽǵľ޴ħ
״ԬҲû⣬ǰҶһսǼʶֶΣ˵֮ЩȻ޷ԼȣԬϡ
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ܺâ˸ʮ޴ħ˷ԬŲ˫ȭգһҪƴ֮һ㡣
áԬЦһȭžԼһħȥصһǾħɢ
ʱԬֻһ粻ƣæͷһȭһħѶȥûʲôܵӡ
ţħȫһȥɷȴǺıԬķǣԬԼЩľ
֪п϶һģԬȴӲһԼҲ޷ʲô̫˺Ͼʹúڽû˺Լοƴ塣
Ԭ컺ÿιħʱ򣬶ʹ̫ʡģҶɳֻ֣ҪҶԬ콫һ
Ԭոջٵǰһ߻ӰջȭͷֻñܵһҵײԬзһƺߣɫһףһĵǰԶſסΡ
һνأԬֻоʹǻڣһȭӡɢɫͬѪҺһ㡣
ͬʱܻӰʧֻʣһҸߴħԼĲСĺëʯԳ
㣬㾹Ȼʵ֮ࣿԬû뵽һͱҶɴˣؼԼ޷֣־ŭ
ֻǸտʼˣ²һֱ֮𣿽գҶĳͺúû㣡Ҷħ˵꣬ǵȭһգԬ챬ȥ
״ԬëԳһŭȣҲ㣬ֱӳҶɵһȭСɽȻһ֣һƵı졣
ŵŵţԬֱһ飬ε֮࣬ޱȣ˿̻ǿ״̬ȫһϴǰû׼Ҷɲûͬǰǰ㱻Լɡ
Ҷɴ˿ҲܣԬ߲֮ԶǵڶʥħȴȻԬǱ̬һ˿ֱҶ޷ܡ
ΪԼֱɲԷ壬ɳʱսԼ޷̫ãԾƻܶԷʱһԼذɡ
ڻĽ绹뱾ƴ֮ģǵһãǴʹ죡Ԭһŭٴγȥ
ҶȻ޷촽΢֮£ҲֻԸʲôȴһҲûзţëʯԳŤһ
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ֻСɽȻոնսУǽػٵһƬǽ壬вʱƵı֮
һƺߣëԳҶһȭɣص˵ҳһ׵ĴӣëʯԳ·ûʲô˺һ㣬̼˳ŤһᣬҶһС֮£ԬһУص䵽˵档
ͬһʱ䣬һֱңֻʥӰİɫڤɾ޴ţԼһСĺɫͬʱмԬȥ
ףԬһʥ޹򣬸оЩİ֮⣬ǰɫԬһϳǹԼĹǺڽԬȻϵó
ƽԸκһԬҲ᲻мһˣͬʱֿĵҪ·ʵԼµҶɣԬҲòһʩչ˷
˫һԬһɫ֣˵ĽǿĹڤ飬ԬܸоʥͨЩΣա
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һڳնԬܵĹϣɫһŤΣҵĻζֻ̤ͨʵȻԷĻֶûƿ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤɫײ˺ɫϣ֮󣬺ɫֺȻҶڤ񱩵ǽԬĵĲ
Ԭ˵ֱѣƷͨһ㣬һ壬ȴǲûʲô󰭣ǻ˻ѣڤ޴ƻˡ
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סΣ·ŵһ߸ߴħ˳ȭźëԳͷ­ȥԳ˵Щʧ񣬵ǼʱӦֱ۸һ¡
صһ
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һŭ𣬺ëԳǱһϴŨŨŭ⣬ħȥȭ緢Ĺħ
أ
ֻȻŤһ𣬵ܿħ·磬ǷľԳȭУѪɫһףص䵽·ŵ棬ҲֻǴɻǾԳΪ֮պýҶ䵽ǰԼĿУƺһѩǰ֮⡣
ħ棬ëԳһֱ£֮УţһԽԽ󣬲һṦֻ޴Ĺһĳ˳
أȭԣҶħ֮Զɫ԰ףǴѪһȵסΣͬʱЩ⣬û뵽֮ǿᣬԼʩչڶʥħ̫ķȴЩֲס
ëԳǵңϺɫһٴҶɳȥһȵս𶯵졣


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žԳٴγħ촽΢ţһȣ˫ȭգڴ°͸°ͱ֮˷Ԭ˹ȥ
߽ƴ򷨣ҶһȭֱӺԷؿڣԬһȭҲǺħţֻҪ˭ȸ񵲱·磬ǲ񵲣ҲȻܾˡ
أ졣
ϣ˭Ҳûи֮⣬ǱԷһȭ˫СɽһΣ漴˵ɶȫ䵽Զ档
ۣҶٴѪԬɫһףҲЩѪǿѹ˻ȥɫȴǲ԰ޱȡ
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ͬһʱ䣬Ϸܲһ׻䲻ѣƺǶɽ֮һ㣬ѹƬռ䡣
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ϼɢԬڿзһŭƺϳӣʱϷڴ֮
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ԬǰĽƶأû䣬仹սԼ޷ֵΪҶѾͷǰʳһŲ䷨ĵҩ֧ŲħԷģϾڶʥħ廹ûԲֻСɰˡ
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һӰдԽǺëԳֻǴ˿̿ȥ쳣һֱ۲ɣദѪⷭһϢȵףɫ԰ףǻһ˿Ѫ
࣬ȻЩ£Ȼ˵˱ԴڻĽ֮ʱʹδйƣ죬ҪᣡԬɫ˵ȴûóȻ֡
ԣҶüͷһ壬䲢Ԭ컹мսԼʵڲ̬ļһսȥ
ŶºαطҪƴһҶĳվ򣬿һʱƬҲ޷Ҫҵ֪£ܸܳղǵȹΣҶ˵꣬һ
һƬٴγ֣һ׻ɫڤţԼӰٴγԬͷ
״Ԭ״¶ݣ˫ĿҶɣóĬ
ԬѣģҲƴƴ󣬿϶ңҶĳֻҪܵؿܷҳصͨѡҶ˵˵һ䡣
ŶǲǳǿģԬȻЩ⡣
ǺǣܵõȻǺãҶĳûô̰ĵģҶЦЦ
ԬٴγĬƬ̺俴˿Ҷɣڵ㱣֤ҵܵأ˵ĻԬĳҲԷǽȥ
ȻֱڣԬΪҶԼ̸ʸ񣬷Ҳϻôࡣ
Ҷĳ˵ɱܶˣ´еߣ˵һᣬǶҵ壬Ҳûʲô洦Ҷɲÿɷ˵
û취㣬ΪзڵʵԬɫһ˵
ԣҶһЦҪǻ磬ŶԷħˣֻǻĽ粢ûЩԼĶ
ԬѣҲûʸ̸Ϊûзʵֻѡɼƴպľ䣬ǴӦҶĳռռܵءҶɫ֣ء
ҶɺշֻʯԬڣǻĽ޵еĴڣҶȴûʲôսʤԬ죬С˽ǿĲСѾǿԼħҲֲ֧ס
˵ԬӴݣҶҲóԸ°мƣԲ᳼κˣԸս
Ǹ޷ŷԬĳԸһսԬɫһ˵
Ԭ죬ҼԶţĽϷǽӴʱտǵʱϷҲְ㣬ӦŵùϷɣʱϹ
ϹԬɫò˼ʲôҶҲš
ĬãԬ쿪ڵãԪĳϹҶһΣ;ˣթԬĳֻһս
ԬѶˣҶЦ;ˣթڽڴ˵أ׻ɱ㲻Ǹã
ȱϾǻĽ壬ףҶĳҲƻĽֻҪѰһĽڰˣ㵱淢Ҷĳͼı죬ʱٳҲٵģԼʵš
ãҶѣ룡Ԭ˵껰Ҷһƣ漴Զĵ¶ѨԬȴûʲôܹսʤҶɵˡ
ȻԷǳģ罻Ҷɣ˵ԼԺкôԬ˵ûʹ󣬵ҲɵӣȻҲԼ뷨
״ҶЦЦڵ߾ͺã˷ҽȥͿˡ
ҶɵҲԬ췴ڣԼߵˣԬܹһɱֻҪԬһ֣ô˷ǲˣԬ쵹ǳСˣǰֻлûкôҲô޴Ȼ֡
˵껰ҶɵһӣԶƹ΢΢һʧ漴ϼһǻΪŰµ꣬뻯׳Ԭ죬С࣬飬Լ͹֣Զڷȥ
˵μģ֮£ǽ˵¶ѨҶһֱ˼ţԼԭںϿ˳ͨżԬ죬ѵͨŴ˵أ֪мкϵʲôܡ


553 
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ҶɵûʲôӦ޶ǼѣһӽöǸоʼΪʼ֮ҲǱԽԽǿ˵ֻܻҪڴ˵ʱ䳤ã޵ء
ˣôõĶСõ˶óԣҪôػҪɵҩҩá
̴ֱöǱҲ֪ʲôΪζĺôСЩĿ
ҲǴΣԬ¶֮ɫֻҪӽԬԻԥĳֽնɱ˵ԬҶ˫мɵھ¡
ԬС˵֮ʱǿ˿Ҷɣȴ¶һ˿ɫƺ˼ʲô
Ҷɲû̫עʼʯڵĻϴ̫æûв鿴
ʯܴһͨҶϳͨϿȵͨһͨҶо˸ĴţΪҶɾȻо˽֮֮óĽơ
ԬѣͨɽȥĽƿ㲼óģҶЩɻʵ
ԣԬüͷһ壬ڵҶѣʲô֮࣬ҵֻţ¿ɲ
ͨ˵߹һξ룬ھ޷ˣ޷ͨ
Ŷͨĵطûڤ֮ҶһԲ²пǳڡ
ǡǡ෴ͨģڤ̫֮أҵ޷롣һͨҲϴ߽ͨҲ޷ͨΪһξ룬ûڤ֮ˡԬ첻ÿɷ˵
Ŷ˵ͨһͷѾĻռˣҶ˼˵
ҲûĻ꣬ƺҽӽҶѽȥһԬɫһ˵
ҶƾڵԬ쿪ڣΪͨʵ̫ԬûпڣԼóȻǰȥ˵ԬԼͻȻֵġ
ҲãԬˣ֪Ԭѿ֪˵γɵģĶãԬѿĶҶɵԬ߽Ǵͨ漴һ䡣
˼Ƭ̣ǰ·ԬҡͷԬĳҲ֪˵γɣĻҲĶƻӰ
ֺɶţСԬǴҶǰͨƺһṦ˱ǿǰŵŨܻɫǴ
ףҶüͷһ壬Ѿо򱻲һ׵󷨣Ʒ󷨣ڲ߶̺֮һЩ֮ЩӣҶɵ֮һ۱ǿ˶ߡ
ֲĻ겻ҽӽ˵أϲ˵ӦǰʿġҶƺ˵
ֻҶЩɻͨĽ紦ܶ࣬ΪƫҪڴ˵ز󷨣һһͨϿȵͨ
Ƭ̣Ҷɿڵ飬ȥҪ󷨷Χⷢ⡣Ҷɻ䣬һǴǰͨ
Ҳ֪ҶǺ⣬ԬüͷƺԥʲôҶ˫Ŀ΢еĴͨźʧĵط
Ҷѣ㵱ɵʱԬȻƳĬ˵һ䡣
ԣҶһ㶣漴ЦЦһһöʥУڵԬ˵ܼ֮ǱƴͨǰʮҲŲϡ
ʥӦ𲻵ʲôãķΪЩôġҶûлش𣬷һŵҩ
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ԣԬ˫Ŀһڵǲǽͨ²ԬĳȷҪΪһ
öһֻûиֻ̣ôӰöҩԣֻҪҶܹ°ɵҩԬĳмҶԺ£Ԭĳ浽
ŶҶ˫ĿһУЩЦһҩƳɵҩҲҪָϵģҪһ㣬ҪϤҩƷԼҩԣܽҩҩԷӵ
ԼʶöΪӲϤҩص㣬ԬֻΪƳɵҩ裬ͿҩԣҲǲ˽ˡ
ϧöҶĳʶ˵ƳɵҩˡҶɫһ˵ԬЩʧʱҶȴ΢΢һЦ
޷Ҷĳְ취̽鵽öƷԼҩԣǸ㹻ǿ԰æġҶЦе˵
ԣԬɫһϲҪڸлҶȴǰ˰֣ɫһ˵ҶĳЩ飬ҪӦ£Ļᡣ
ŶʲôҶ˵ԬһԲ²⣬ѵԼԬ޷ܡ
Ҫܼ򵥣һû뿪Ľʱ䣬ʲôԶԸĵˣҪȫңȻʵõʱ򼸺ûС
ڶԺǷףԺ뿪޷ǵĻ㲻ΪѹǣΣҶɫ֣ص˵
ԣֺһʼмҶ뿪Լ޷뿪ĽĻǱ׼ܵԬıǰ˻ûߣΪһ°˺·κˣҲûим֮飬ˣֵˣ
һҶѷģԬĳԿ鷳ڵڶԬĳ˵ãҲʱĵǲҲܾߡ
ĽҶѲĶ֣ԬĳضȫԸЭҶѣԬɫһ˵
Ƭ̣ԬȻڵҶѣиԬĳ²Ӧй֮һֱҪȿǺ
ףҶɿԬóƷ¶һȻ֮ɫ֪ʲô


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ݼأΪ˫ƹŻ죬ʥаͻͨƿʵһλҩƳɼƷ鵤оеԼƷ
˵޹д˹ȴ޷Ϊ˫ƹֲ֮УһժֲΪĹή
ֻһӣ۷ܶ꣬Ҳֻһֲֵܳڶţֲ껹һص㣬ǲժҩ򲻳һӱҩʧɷƷ
Ҷɿʼ㽫ƶռ䣬鿴ҩƷ֣ԼüζƳɵǿҩԡ
ûпöժԼûеϼʱѰҸϣöʥԴʧɷƷⲻҶЩ£Щ൱Ķ
Ҷɿ굤֮ȴЩɫΪƷ鵤ҪЩҩںϿӦоУԼķռţҶɰԲɺ򵥡
ҶɻûҶɱɫһϲĵϲԬѡаԸˣΪ鵤һƳɹôСͨҲ˺ܴϣ
Ŷ֪£ѵﵱйأԬ쿴ҶɵЦݣЩɻĿ˿
Ǻǣ˹Ϊ˫ƹϼֺϣƳ鵤ʥͻǰƽؼʣҶץĿ˿ߵСֽ࣬ϵļظˡ
ʲôЧҾ˵ʵһ㣬ụ̂ǱԬ˵꣬Ҳ۲Ҳ֪ʥԼ϶ûлõģ֪֮еģȻⲢ˵
һҪϸԵȣҶ˵꣬ٴ֮ڣϸĲ鿴˵ԼƷ
ĹҶɲŽƷԼоͨ͸ҶɰоǰĽʿڵ϶Լǿ˺ܶ࣬Ͼƹҩֻʿ֮ҶȴǲҹάȲͨʿ
ףҶɺȻһļأȻǴڴ˵صĴžҶɼæ鿴иоӦѾҵ뿪˴˵ء
ݼأΪ㣬һʦҲǱ׷ϣӽԨƺ֪Ԩص㣬ǰˣﻹЩʶ
ϴż֮壬ԭҲΪɣڻƬ̣ʶǰһڵʧȥ֪
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãԭΪɵ㣬ȻԼһȻʯҲ˫ƹǴʯֻǵʱʯûκͨ
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ӵ̽ڤʯλãһ·ҲûеһֱͨͨʯںϿ޷룬㲢ûлȥڡ
Եظо˫ƹõٶû˼оϾҪܽ졣
˼ĽԼҲѰҵ߰˰ûнȻԼܳʯʯĳ϶ܽǴ򣬹Ʋڤ֮Ҵпڤ֮ĵطҲǻĽ֮ĵط
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Ӵ˺ʯ̽飬䷢λãպǾ»֮鿴濴Ļڻ
д˷ֺдϲ֮жԼ󷨣ֱͨӵһʧȫǻĵطͣ
м֮һ󷨣Ļ겻ҽӽԼרĴ߶ֿ֮ڤ֮˳Ǵ̽˵Ƿ
ϵļأ˴˴ͣʣҲ֪徿˻򣬻ӳĽ硣
ҶɽϾɲ˫Ŀ΢еĿͨԶȴźĽҲ˼鵤顣
ҶѲ鿴ˣ֪ÿƳɵҩԬ쿴Ҷ˵һ䣬ҲҶɣСתͣ
ǿʼƣһ꣬Ҳ˵ģһҪһЩƷһַ˵ûǰ򵥣򡭡ҶɵĻû˵ֻ꣬ͨԶɫһ󷭹̤ڽķ˻


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飿ôгڣҶɿ֮һʵ
ǣˣȷһĵطԳĽ磬ƺǽԨĵص㡣黰һ䣬Ҷоϲޱȡ
˵ǰӦҲ˳ȥġҶɰ뵽ϵļأʿ
㣿ʵȻ֪ҲǴɫԭΪһͳĽĴҵҶɵ뿪Ҳᵽ˽
ص϶һģӦûڴԪ۹ԪݷΧڣãǽ鴦һ£Ȼ뿪Ҷܺãҵ˳ڡ
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ԣҶεҡҡͷڵʵԶʿΪƽ⣬ԣ޷ġ
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Ƭ̣ҶɿڵҲ٣Ȼ嶼ط˵أӦҲʲôƣڻ޷ơ
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Ԭ޸˵˵뿪С磬ȥ磬ÿʿġ
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һ¼ƪҩƪƪǣȻҶȷʽݣǲ塣
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˵һԼҵ˽İ취ҵǺڴһĵǺǡҶɼΪ˺·ҲǸмѡ
ˣ㿪˵ʵ⼸ؼǻ᲻ȥҲǣؼֻ̲Է⡣ֵͷ̾Ϣ
ԬҲ˼䣬Ҷ漴˼öֱ𽻸Ԭ죬֣ˣԬڵ涴ѨΪҶɻһоҶص䡣
ʯڣֻʣҶԼ˵ܷԬ˲ٴһСĽҶɣǲ󷨽ơ
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ժºҩ޷һֽгԵһʧƵڶΣ۳ɹֻһҩضҩʧ
ʱһĹȥҶһֱ۾Ŀɫ󶦣ϲаԶСҲð

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뿪˴˵أ˵ҪѰҼֲϣƱϹǻصľ壬˵´һײ֮
ʱڱĿоĿȻüһ˫Ŀ˿Զ󷢳һ΢΢һ㶡
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һţ֨֨Ĵֻæ˵ͷ·֤ʲôȥЩȵӡ
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ʲôһ㶣漴Ц˵أ鱨飬Ҳгʱ
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Ϲһб㽫նɱ˿ûУһ·ɶȥ֣ɵؽϹҲնɱˣھ˵ϹѾ˺ϿȡĿ˵꣬ԬҲ˫Ŀ¶һ˿ݡ


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У㵤ҩʧܣҲܵ˺ߣ˵ĴȻԬ쵹Щ⣬ͬʱҲΪˡ
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ףǱԳޱʯԳԣǧѣҹżҵޣѵǺҰгɣЩӣһ۱ǿԬı塣
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⣬ûбﻤ˵ʮǿᣡεȥͬʱ˫ȭԬȭͷֵȥ
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˲ֹѣ漴صһΪһѪԪӤû£Ԭ첻ɵƲƲ졣
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ʱʯһǲһһɫѪֶŤ֮£һ»Ϊ˺ߣһĻԬ΢΢һ㶣Ҷͫһ


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һҶɼæܵѩסΣһ˲䱻ƣǳһƬϿա
ܵѩԬֻ˫һΣǰȻѩԽԽ࣬ԬҲɫһϵػζ嶶ѩ漴һź߳ȥ׾Բٵȥ
һѩȻڰգ漴һ۶ȥγһͷ­СѩԬ켤ȥ
ߣԬ쿴һѩһȭҳصһѩѶԬֻô˽ʯ֮ϰӲֱһ飬Ҳ˶ͣ¡
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ȻЩʵʯԳ嵱治һ㣬Щ걻Ϸͺˣϧ߻δ䣬ѩȻһ۶ȥгʮֱҵĴѩԬȥ
һѩԬһŭ𣬺һȭصһ죬ѩѶԬһΣС벽ⲻҶ¶ݣû뵽ͨ졣
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ԣüһ漴ЦŶΪǻԸǻʧȥʶԶΪϷĻܣߣ
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ߣǿ֮ĩǿԶһЩʱˡЩмĿˣϺ޵֮ɫ

ˣʯڴ֮УԴ˵ӰգЩɲĿŵɫҰ׵Ҷɡ
ǣѻ죬Ҫ˵һ䣬ΪǻܻţվҶɵԣɫص˵
СǻһȦûһԵˣ󣬲ɵýĿϿյľ޴֮ϡ
ⶫЩ죬ǽȥ˵С˵꣬ŸһɶȥԴ˼״һСһ˹ȥǽ
˸һڵʱһĲֶৣСԴ˵΢΢һ漴·ȥصˤ˵ϣԴɫҰףȫޣҶһ޶
ǣĸʲô̫ˣ̤ڽȻڸͿͣסΣתͣûиóȻǰɲĴŹĸ͡


559 
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ҶɵЩֲ֧סʱ򣬸ռ䲨һĵӰֶԴˣԼһɫߵĻ֮
ôˣҶɫһ˵Լ޷ߣʵڲˮ
ˣ㣡С˵꣬Դ˳ɫ֮ڣûкߵ굹ҲûйСˡ
СƺûʶԼ壬ԴƺʲôһҶɼ򵥽ͼҲ˼æ֮ע֣Ҫ֧ĹȹһЩҲǱ߹ɵ깥ŤΣƺֲ˶õӡ
߲ǲ빥Сˣǿǳʱ΢΢һ㶣һû뵽˵ؾȻҶɵİ֣û뵽˼ǷͣԼԼǸ˱ŷɥĶ
ߣҲãģ߲Ķ༸ˣ޷˷һʱˣϴЦĿˡ
Ĺ򣬺ƺЩ͵˵սپҵڲҪġ
䣬Ǿ߹ɵȭһȭӰãɫ֮ϵʱ򣬶ҲҲԽ
޴һĳɫ־һâѾеطѿڣ·ϱѶӣĹ
ˣڹһΣֱȻѶҵȾԵֵ˶ġɫһ˵ҶҲɫأȻҲֻ֪ʵûʲô취ǰΣ
ֻ˲֪ϹĻʵ޷ĥʵֲĴڣֱԶԿ
ʱǾ޴ĲСԻһ£ƺҪ˲ɫ䣬ʱ׼Ѻɢӣ߿ˣЦѡ
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ѵѽķ֮ѾԽԽǷͣܣɽ֮޷ڽϢԲоɲƺЩ
ǣ˶꣬㻹ҲҶŪһЩûߵı仯ԹԵĻΪ
ºڽ΢΢һͷųһƬɫһ֮£ǽǾ߸ߴУʮҲδ⣬һҽеıС
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ȴûʵ꣬նɱ˶һΣΪʵĺӣһȫӿڽ֮С
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Ľϳɣֲñܽնɱ˵طӡӳһ˿꣬а֮вӹһ١
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Ϊɽ飬Ҷ˺Ժӳ£ҵģЩϾϷɱʵ벻Ժʵܱ˿ơ
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Ͽ˸һĿϼһŻۣĸݣЩӰֶ˵βߴ󣬵ȴǴһֲּϢ
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۵һ
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״һֽУ̼仯Ϊɻ꽣ųԼΰڣͨҲУ˿ʵ
Ҷǿһۺ飬漴кһæԶ߼ȥȥһ깥ɫ԰׵ĺǱѡ
ʱҶâһһɫͷ۶۵һûڣϹϣһϢ鸡Ҳǿŵֿ
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߼ҽй󣬱ʧȥɫ԰ޱȣһĵڵأҲͣס˹ȴ˫Ŀߵһһ
ԷǴ֮ʱߺȻ˫Ŀһ״ٴν׼
ס֣ʱߵϣȴǴҶɵⲻһ㶣ʵǰ״Ԭˣû˵ᡣ
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СյĹҶѻõһЩϢ˵ȷǶᣬϹҪ˥ںһռȨ
˵ЩֶΣȻһЩõļ䣬ȫӡҶɸ޷鿴˼ǿнϣûĽܣǹһЩߵ곹׻ٵˣҲûеõ̫õϢ
ȻǷ͵Լʹ÷Ҷȴһ˽⣬һⳡͻıΣ֮УõͣҶҲЩο
ףǣҶɺȻüͷһ壬ɫЩɲ


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ˣ˸һʯڣǿ˵
˿̳ҶԬ죬ʯڻй֣ĿԴˣֻϹڳ
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ͬϹһȥֻԼ壬ѰҺʱĻָΪҪһʱ䣬Ҫһʺϵ塣
Ҷɽ˽ǳĬ˭ҲԸΪ˵Ҫõʱ䣬ҺʵҲѰҡ
ȻʧɫҶЦЦڵҲˣ˵ԺʲôȲ뿪˵صġ
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ˣҵȾĽͬ˵
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ˣҸµĶú÷չĽ磬ҵ뿴ĽᱻǷչʲôӣҲңɣҶ˵껰һƮʯһͨȥĿҶɵ뿪Щ֮ɫ

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ñɣһֱ㵱ɸ磬ȴ޳ܣȻҺʦ˶ٻо㷨Ҳ᲻
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ߣˣ֮ǰҶɵĴڣͲͬ˫ݣҲͬ⣬㲻ãȲ
Ȼڶ׵˴Բ֮һҪõ㣬㵽޷ӵУҲŹǰĻᡣ˵껰һץ
ٻϵȹ˺һקһȹٻѩ׵¶һ˫Ŀ¶Ө֮ɫң
ʱª̾ϢһڵٻҶж޷ֿʹСӰɣֻ֣аճնɱǿٻԣ˫Ŀһ죬ƴغһ֣


562 
ԪݣԨ
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һɢ¶һɫ֣һŰµֳֺ꣬ڽ·Ũ뿪ĽҶɡ
˵عȻͨһҲûж೤ڤ֮ϡһЩһЩӤʿֻҪƿؼ֮Щ׼Ļͨ˵ؽĽ硣
˶٣ҶɿڵֻϧʶԲ鿴Ҳ˵ڤ֮ϡȥ˵ܼһֲøûҵڣǰġ
˵껰ҶϸĿ˿ܻ׼˵һԺҪĽ磬ҲҲڣϾ·Ũ޷ֱ棬ֻܴܴ󻷾жϴ˵λá
һʱ֮ҶɲŶݹһԨ֮ȥһṦ򣬱½ϡ
ӦûڴԪ۹ΧڣֻǴ˴ǰԨĵطҲգȴһϢ˵ԱϣҶɶݹһ𣬱Զȥ
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һҶ·Ԫ۹ʳǣᴩɽΧڣɶһƬԭϿգڻŻĽ顣
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ܣ벻˵С֮ˣ˷ЩȻִ֧ĸ޼̳лλҵС㡣
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ƽ˿ܵ׻ֿ˿¶Ц磬һ㣬ΪЩ޶ֻۣһֱõķչȥ
ʵܲҷϣǶ²ֶΣ½ǿշԺܻܿᷴˮҲ
ĸҲﵽ˻ӤԲ֮ʵ£ҪǣĸΪ˺ƣιԣֻ֧ĸλ
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ߣֻҪҽƽնɱȥܣûƽ֤ԣʱҲȥҸף˵ɱܣ߸ҡ
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ʣµʮˣټϱԳֶԸ㣬ѵã㻹ǵĶ֣Ȼ޿֣аš
ð취Ҷɿһ䣬ţһЦʧһ֮£һâһĺȻΪһ߰ɴСɫߣҶɵͷһɢǿϢ
ʲôζޣ󿴼Ԫɫһ䣬ԸͬޣԭҪܵСѹƣοԼսײãǼߵˣû󷨸Ҳ޷ֻޣοһͬӤԲࡣ
ӵ£֪붯֣ǰȻȥҶɫһ˵


563 
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ס֣ӣҶС׼ֵʱԶȻһȣţһǿϢŴ˴ӽš
Ҷֻüͷһ壬ûʲô̫ӦƽɫһϲϵЦ˲̣˫Ŀ֮¶ݡ
ʣЩľګĺһͬһʱ䣬һݹԶģ֮󣬱ƽߡ
ݹһ¶һŭӣòʮ꣬һɫۣ׳˶ɢһɿֲϢĹʡ
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лĸȣˣ˷Ҷѳ֣ƽҲˡƽ˵껰˿Ҷɣһм֮ɫ
Һ㣬ƽ˿ҶɣЩɻ˵
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Ŷҵ֮˲ںպ׼ʽΪģҶǲҵȻصʳǣĳúôлһˬʵ˵
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Ӳ̰˿ҶɵıӰ˼˵һ䣬֮ˣ·ء
Ҷɺɽ˹սΧڣֻɫЩɲĻͷһۣƺʲôЩȷӡ
֣ϢҶ˵껰˫ĿһյϸӦƬ̺پûʲô֣ҡҡͷ̾ϢһŹսɶݶȥ

սһɹݣ
ӳǣɹһеȳǳأ򿿽޹Χ˳żһЩޣоҲǷǳ
ӳսҲСҴ֮ʿΪΪңμգһ۷ҩʦʵɹʦ׵ҩɹʼߣȻĿǰﲻҶɵĳ̶ȡ
һͣȺǰӴλ⣬ҵļգֻԳӴ
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ҶóһںϿȵõҩվҶֻó˰ҩˡ
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ԣҶзЦһꣿڷռڣ꼻ٲʮ֮֮࣬ǰ֮ǰԼóģһеݵġ
꼻缫ϡ٣ҵҲ޷ѰҵġҶЦЦ漴һһֻľгǰ
״һָžһľһ¶һɢҩüһвۼһ˿ϲɫ
ѾдóͲҽ£˵ķ絭ᣬȴ͸¶һв֮⡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦҡͷҵѵΪˣ˵ѵΪҶĳ״Բ֮żȻȻңȻ̵ġһɣܵʧˣԲҶĳ
ԣ˫ĿһУ漴һЦãҶѿ˿ϷҲתĨǣȻִϷ򣬶Ҫҵʲô鵤ɣֵƣȴ޷ӳļֵ˵ɣҪʲô߼ҩ
ҶЦЦͷֱˬҶĳȷҪǵҩꡣ
üͷһ壬Ƭ̺󣬵ͷЦŶҶֻǷȱһҩȥ׼ġ
޷ڹս䲻˵ҩȫɹǵȴһǶҩˡ֪ҶѴ㻻ȡʲôҩ
ҶƷһ裬Ų磬ƵĿڵҶ
ʲôüһ˫ĿһеĿ˿ҶɣƬ̺ȴǹһЦҡͷҶѣҲδ̫Ϸˡ
Ҷ˺֮ȴûУУѵΪƾһ꼻ܻȡҶߣֱ쿪
ŶǺðɣȻûУҶĳֻøˣҶ˵껰ľУ׼뿪żҡ
ţüͷһ˵һ䡣ҶɻתڵĪѴ㶯ǿ䣬յ


564 赶ɱ
ҶѲҪᣬϷ򲻹Ҫȡ꼻ˣǿȻܣûҶһҩҶҲõϵġչһЦ˵
˼Ҷĳ˺͵ҩȤֻҪҶòҲûʲô̸ˡҶʼ
ϷҶϢ֪ҶǷҪϷϢ꼻ۺ롣
Ŷѿ˵Ҷɫһ˵
ڶݡջû˵꣬Ҷɱǰִϡ
ѣǲ˵սݣҴսһ˵ΪҶֻҶϢʧҶЦе˵
ףҶѾȻ֪ϢЩɲ˵
ҶһЦȻͬǿ˵һ޶ҺпܾҶֻǲóǱôһԣȻҲ㲻ϻԣΪҶսΪҶ˵ȷǴڡ
ڶңϢǰǿҲǻ˲СĴۣõôһ˵֪ͨҶת壬ȥĶѼϢ
ǿ޹һϢ˵ҶܵõȻֻǴ˵ǿƲºпܣҶٿһ
û´ĻϢģֻǣҶ䵽˰ɣҶ˵꣬˫Ŀա
üһ漴ЦЦǺǣҶ˵ЦˣҿûȸԴ
Ҷĳټ⼸ҩ֪ܷһҶҶ˵껰һֻ֣гǰ
һһ򿪿ԭһֱƽϣ¶ݣ꣬޲缸֮ƽټɹţҲóЩҩû뵽ǰ꣬õó
Ҷѣǣջû˵꣬Ҷüͷһ壬ڵԱϣҶٴȡҩ͵ǰҩѾ
Σ֪ѵϣûҶֻҪͷЩҩģЩҩļֵӦԶԶҶ֮ϵġ
ϾֻƼԪֻǰԲ֮ȹΪѣûд˵ҵΪֻҪ׺һʱ䣬ҲԲô˵ġҶ΢Ц
ҶҲĵЩ֮ɫ
Ǻǣѱܶģǻ̸̸°ɣѣûҶҶɫһ˵
Ƭ̣տ˿ܵУͷҶѣǵõ׼ȷϢϷģȻˣϷҲƭҶѣϣԺ󾭳ٺ٣˵껰յһһֻɫгҶǰķ
Ҷ˫ĿһУһ˿֮ɫȡһ¶Цݣտ󣬱뿪ҡ
Ҷڳнֵϣȸ崫ţ֪ͨ䲻ѰҶȥѰһ˪ҶԼ׼ǰ޹ǿһѼ˪䡣
һǣɶ˲յʱ䣬֮ͣһ£ΪӤԲʿһ꣬ǻӤ۷塣
λס£ʲô飿Ҷɿ˶ɹŵĵӣʵ벻Լʱɹйʲôڡ
һ꿴˿ҶɣڵҶɣնɱ½ϣ磬㲻ѾԪŵҵЩ棬λģ
ԣҶüͷһ壬λǺ£ҶĳɲشĵĻ⣬ǣԱϣҶɱҪɶݶߡ
վסЦЦסҶɣڵ˶ҩóǿԷŹ㡣
֪ͨǵģҶɫһ˵
ǸС֪¼֮󣬱㲻Ҷ֣赶ɱˣֵôˣ֪Ļ̫ˡЦ
ŶԭˣڻҶ΢΢һЦ漴̧һ˦һںڳһɫߣһ߽ӲӵĿܣǻ˰Χ
ʲôζޣɫ΢˵Щеףûǰ׼û󷨸£ɱһֻ޶ЩѣڼҶɣԼʤ㲻ǽҶɴˡ
Ҷȴûи˿ǵʱ䣬ҲһȣСһųӼ
״һԲʿûг֣ƺӦ죬Ӥ۷ʿ볤һԿС
ҶĳģɵĵӣȻѵءҶЦЦһ֣ɫ΢΢һ漴ڵһðһֶֻһԲʿȥ
ʲôɫһ䣬룬ֻ÷ųֿ飬ųĺһ֮£ǽУǷ֮
ɫϼһס˻ӤʿҶǲʱĳһΣܶսʿ
һҽдԼ޷ֵСĹһҧס˰ذӣӵҲϣæԪӤӳԶߡ
ߣڹүһСཫҶɣţһɫϯǵԪӤ֮ϣոս⣬һ
ǣүѾˣ㻹ûնɱԪӤߣһǻӤԲʿʧ黯ΪӣץһԸҶɣ˻Ӥʿ
״Ӥʿɫ䣬ԲĴڣô̵ʱڱɱ˻û֣ԼӣƺҲû˻ᡣ
һȭɽɫܣ֮ʣһɹԶԼ䷭ֻʥģӰصײϡ
һ𣬴Ŀϼɹŵʬ޴棬ֻ˱봢˰գСǵĿ˿顣
үɱڹС˵꣬ƷҲɫѿĺ飬ǽƷҶɣԼҶ֮ڡ
״Ҷ΢΢һЦбܣûв鿴һۣڽԶɶݶȥ
Ͼ˵ؾǳزԶɹẉ̂ҶɿɲǷ֮ض˵ȥձҶɻûԴ󵽣һ֮һ
ºҶɳɹݱԵϾҪ޹ڼҶѽֻ鿴ϡ
ֻıҩƷʵѽҶɷֻۣһЩʯǲ٣ҶҲǵõһʲС롣
ٺ٣еĴԲʿĽͬʵȷССû⼸ʮĻĽĥҲûնɱԲʵͲ֪޹ޣʵĽ٣Ҷ˵꣬΢΢һЦ޹ȥ
ʱҶɺȻݹһͣɫصĴǰͬһʱ䣬ʮݹҶɼһµװ


565 ս
ףȻǴ޹ԪӣҶЩ˵ԷʮˣҶʵڲ˷ʱ䡣
һâһৣһԾӨ΢΢ɿĵɫ쭷Ҷƹˣ޹
ֵǣһɹŵӿҶƹˣû׷ֻΪ֮¶ɻ֮ɫĿ˿Ҷɣ漴ɹŷɶݶȥ
ȻΪ˶½ҵģҶЩ⣬Цõ˵֪Ͳ˻ŵˣ˼ûԼ
Ҷɱ̫ٸ·ڼϼͽޣԴһ£֪޹ȡλãΪǿǸѰ˪
˸ºҶɴһƬԭһƬŨĲݵϿգȼ֮ɸϵڴ˵رǿԸоǹȺеϢ
ɶݼ䣬ҶɺȻǰӰⲻҶһΪ֮ǰʶ֮˿ûиоǰˡ
Էӣһ˲ŭĽʣɫȻûж࿴ҶһۣһϢҲǺǿһ˵ĴԲʿȴҶһľĸо
Ҷɿڶ˵ʱٴЩȻǰ׻棬Ŵ˱նɱ˲ŶԣҼǵҲ׿ڳϹҲǴﵽ˴Բ֮
ҶɱӶƹȥְ׻ƺӽҶɣסҶɵȥ·¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
׵ѣ겻סµȥ·ʲô飿ҶɱǶԷʶ࣬˵ֻöһˣСڣ޷նɱʵǿİ׻ˣҲԿ˶ˡ
ǣҶҶѣŴһȻʵڣ׻΢΢һЦ˵
ԣҶüͷһ壬׻һںҶܸоЩİ˼ƺ״Լһ㣬ⲻҶЩɻ
ҶѲҪᣡ׻濴˿ҶɣЦ°׻죬ǰ׻ĸ磬ҶѵĴжţɹҲĻһۡ
Ҷѽ˴Բ֮ɽڸ㲻ٵĺôٺ٣֮£ǲһʵڣϧˡԳư׻ɫȻ˵
׻죿Ҷɻ㱼Щӡ󣬼ǵǿ˵ɹеУʵǿһ˵һм˶źѡˣǰ׻죬ʵʵڵǱҹϵδš
ϴٵʱ򣬾Ϊ׻Ѿ״Բ֮Բܰ׻ӣȻڴ֮ǰ׻Ҳǽġ
Ű׵ѴһᣡҶ΢ЦĹ˹֣񱻶ԷסҲ֪Է«ʲôҩ
׻˵ͷڵҶѣѹĴʵȺǿĵӣҲСԣĳҪдһ
ԣҶüͷһ壬˵˼Ҷĳʵ޷㣬Ұ׵ѳ磬ҶĳϾǰ׵ѵĶ֡
Ҷߣ׻켱æסҶѣ֮ǰɹնɱɹŵӣѵһ֮ͳǿĵӣĳҲҪһ
ҶһԼ飬ѾУƬ̣ҶЦҶĳֵĻǲȥˣ
Ҷ룡׻˵껰ǰһʮԶҶǰʼմŵЦݡ
ҶҲ˷ʱ䣬ȻԷִ⶯֣ҶҲֻη㣬°âһ˲伤Ű׻һȭ
׻ǻƣҶɵȭͷ˹ȥʵһּǿѹȸС
صһ
ȭཻҶֻ˫һΣС벽׻ɫһףεڰ㻬ԶſסΣһоâһ
׻˫ֱ󣬲Ծץƣоֱ۴ʹ֮УɫȴȻ侲ֻЩ
ǺǣƺԽ˲ǿȣҶӦɣҿܲӡ׻˵һСȻ²ӡ
ҶҲЩȻǰԼһȭжԼͨһԲʿֱ۾ԻᱻԼһȭ򱬣ԷҲһЩ
ȷ֣޷԰׵ѹвҶЦ
ǺãĳҲ˷ʱ䣬ҾͿµͨΣ׻˵껰˫ǰһз仯ͣ
һ
иֳɫĹ㣬һ۶ȥ̼γһ޴ָŰ׻켸ָ
Ŀâһһָͨɢϲɣ֮⣬˰֮Уһָɼָһ޶
ʱҶɵͷϿǳһӰɽڵĲ΢΢̧漴ǰһĶȥ
৵һ£Ļ۵֮ϣһһֻӲӵĿ۶Ǹָȥ
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һ㱬췢ĿѶֲನܿȥһɫ쭷ŰƬա
Ȼ׻üһֻоһΣӿͷǹϼ˸֮䣬һɢľ޽Լһն
ǧնӶǿһߣͨǾ֣ͨս֮²ȫȡʤǺѡ׻˵Ż˫һΣһɫƵǰǧն棬ѿһĿ⻪׻ɫ΢ף岽жǹɾ
ãҶҲ벻ݣϾɱ˰׻죬϶ɹţʹ֣ȥѰǿ
죬ֺӦ˰ɣˣ죬ӼȻܴżȻѶвΪʦͽɱҡ֮УʱԶӵĿˡ
ͬʱҶֻоԷһϢڽһɫ޷ԶܿռһŤҶɸоһεԼһԵ
ͨ棿ҶԺ˲両ֳһ֡˾ͽлͨϹ֣Ҷʵ벻ʲôˣֲʵⲻҶһֿտĵطδ


566 Χ
һ̽һһֻɫ۶Ҷɻһ£ƻٶȼ졣
ҶɽӳȭӰ޷ǿֲƣ漴һһɫϼϯԼһɫ渡ֳֻʥ޵ӰҶǺϼΪһħͷһɫ̽Ǽۡ
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ɫƺʥ֮ͨϣֻ΢΢һͣǽɫıѶҲǳһЩѺۡ
״˫ĿһУ׻üͷһĿҶħϵĲҲҪҶɵСˡ
صһ죬޴ײħϣһž޴İɫڶСһ㣬ܾһɫ쭷硣
Ƭ̺󣬹ϼɢ׻ȴ˫ĿһҶħȻվڵ棬ֻ˫ݵ£ûϥǡ
޴ħɫ԰׵˫һ壬Ƕݳ˵棬֮Ͽհгһ⣬׻һ֮ɫ
һӤԲʿڳͨһ֮󣬾Ȼûʲô̫ƣ׻ԼҶɵ壬ǿᵽʲô̶ȣ¼޵壬Ҳ޷ﵽ̬
Ȼܱܳһ֮ҿ㻹ʲôǱ˵̧꣬һ㣬һһСľӨֶָ
״Ҷħɫһ˸ָȻûа׻ʩչǰ޴󣬵ȴǾӪ쳣ʵޱȣɢһֲֿĻ֮Ҷɸоһ޷ֿ
˾ͽ㾹Ȼʩչ鶯ԸһСóδ䣬Ҷֻǰռ䲨һһ߸ֶһȭǺǸӨָ
һ쳹أߵȭͷɢһâԼһһ㣬ײ˾Өָ֮ϡ
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һҵı죬ܿռ侹Ȼ𶯵죬·ŵȴûܵһ㲨·𱻶˿һ㣬ɢ
䣬ߣϹڸ͵ãͻȻ֣Ǻ⣿ɫĿߣƺͷ˶Է׻ɫ
ûʲô˼ֻǲҵĵɱ˰ˣ뿪޹֮޹ءˬʵ˵
㵱ҪƺЩɵ֮Ŀ˿
ҲǱԲ˾ͽɱˡЦ
Ƭ̣ƺ˽ⷮƢһ֮󣬱ʾŰ׻ȥֻЩҶɣԼЦеߡ
ǰҶɼæ˹֣ͨ淮ͷҶɻ˵ģ֮ǰͨϹ֣Ӧþɹ˾ͽлˣɽŷХԪųˣͬĴڡ
ٺ٣СӾȻӲ˾ͽһˣӦһֻްɣ֪ǷϷ򿴿Ц
Ҷɣһ֣һɫ߳˰գֻǿߵЩ
࣬ٺ٣Сһʲô֣ƺȫҶɵĴڣЦеС̸
ͷҽС࣬˾ôƺҵģСԳƺүǰоѹȸС
СࣿãʥѪ֮ȫѣ˵ûȫǱޣڿл֮赭д˵СҶЩȻ֮ɫ
ûУͷЦôʲôð취СɻĴХֲҶɶɫһֵǣƺû
ȿȣϷЦô𣿡ХƺЩεĿһЦǰҲһǺ£һҲӰʵż
Ѿﵽ˶ʵǻԵ㹻˵ٽһģһöδ˫ƹƳ鵤дô
ǿԼ壬ҵǿԿǣƳ˫͸㣬ðӹ޹ȣΣ
ģǹʲôʱܳԣСЩ˷ܵ˵
һϲȷûĸܿջ󡣡ˣǧң˫Գ죬ʱ仹кܶģ
˰ɣСߣ궼òͿԽףͷҲûʲôöСર˵
Сһǿܹ֮ͨףֱЦͬ⣬ϷھͿӡܻ˵״˵˫ʲôö
ҶһϼһȫûԼʱȴûԼĻᣬҶֻóĬ
ûϵҪС಻죬㶼һˣ˭˵û䣬ҾͳԽˡСЩԲѵ˵ΪҶ͸߹鵤ҶɿǸС׼һŵġ
㣡ХָСû˵ǿѹŭǿһЦݵǲ˽ȵʵ
ҶСѣǲ⣬ȥȴϼΣպһЩ˾ͽϹܿûԶһ£ܱܿٴ׽ʱû˾ˡвյ˵
ҶпЦԼĻоܾȨⷮ濴ԲҲòԼ˷Ѵ࣬һȹԼ
Ȼǰ룬ҶЦЦС൹ûʲôҶɵ͵ģСǴҶ֮ڡ
ã˵껰һһһɫϽ˰Χҷɿǰƶš
ҶСʵԺǰ;治ĻڣЦ˵
ǰˣܽͨһЩǹ̰ˡҶ̾Ϣһ
㻹ᣬлģʵпܽɽ֮λʱϽǻ˵˵һ䡣
ҶЦЦҪ˵ЩʲôֻǰһɫʧԼȻһ֮УҿһϤӰ
롭ʦôҶɻĿ˿еǿ󣬽Ŀ˷ϣǿҶ֮ҲЩ֮ɫ


567 
ǰǿߺ󣬼æ˵һ䣬ƽ⡣
񣡡Щͷİ˰֣ڵʦͽɣôûˣӦ໰ҪģڳȥȫǾסһʱ䣬úɰɡ
ǿ¶ɫǵͷӦҷϲŭ޳档
ٺ٣СӣСųʦͽ죬ҴһȡԴǿҶɣȻ̬ȣǿЩ⣬ҶʱմСĹ⡣
СųҶɼ򵥵Ľ˼䣬ǼҴҵĽСߣû˵˼ڵһͽǿҶɶ˾ס
ǺǣÿμСӣϷ⣬û뵽ôͽ׵˴Բ֮ûг鵤ĹӦ£ʵں㾿ʲôǿ˿Ҷɣ˵˵
㲻˵һ㣬ܻдˣˣʦôģҶʵ
ǿҲ֪ǷעҶɳƺԼΪʦϷѰ˪˾ͽϹõϢӹսһ·׷˹
ⷮϲŭ޳ƫҪ˾ͽԣǽҰо˻˾ͽһ޹̽ҵ䡣
޹ЩȺ󷵻أ˾ͽϹӰ׻ڴ˵һʱ䣬ҺϷûгȥڻû뿪
ʲô˼ҵģҶһԣеЩơ
Сʲôʲôҵģǿû˵ƺ˹˵͹ڡ
ҶɰһǿڵϴɽϹģٻʦܻȣһ㣬ҷ
ο˦ɹŵһȺӣû뵽·ɱţԭһôôɱײϣŪ˰죬Ϊ㡣
Ҷɲ뵽ٻΪ˾Լª˻ٻ飬Ѿ׼ã´ˣҪΪٻ
˵նɱ̫ţһҪݺݵظһѵٽٻǿдߣ̫ŵħƣԼʵҲ̫ɽϹ֡
̫˵ǿЩƣ²ֶΣҶɸоªԶԶǿȻԼΨһŮ֡
ǿҶ˵˼ǳԼ󹥻Ҷɣ۽һȿȣǿЩεĿһЦȻͷ࣬⡭
סɣ⻰ƭҼˣǰû𣿡ҶҡҡͷϣǿգգۣҲ
û뵽Ԩӳֵ̥õ˰ɣǿæ˵ȴǸоǳ׽ҶҲһҲо֮ǰǿʱĸңϾ˫һ˽⣬ദҲǰǰܻ䡣
ҶɳƬ̣Ԩ飬Լ˵ش˵һ飬ǿҲ겻ѡ
ˣ˵˵°ɣ˪ôˣڿ䣿Ҷʵ
ٺ٣ǵõ˪˾ͽϹὫڻǣ˷֣ˣڲϻʲôǿɫһʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵȻ˪֣ǲϾȫˣ⼸ֲϽҰɣһһῪʼơ
ԣǿüͷһ壬˼Ƭ̺󣬿ڵСӣûаգϷƣ²ҩ;ơ
ɱҲԣϾЩʵ̫أһʧܣϷҲȲ´βϴˡ
Ŷʶ۷ҩʦɼҩƷĳϣҶɺȻһ䡣
ʲôɼļϣ۷ϷʶƷʲ߳ɣɼûнӴǿɫһ˵
˵ƸаաҶҲص˵Լʦļ𣬵ǿ϶֪
˵ﵽ۷壿ǿ·𿴴һĿҶɡ
Ҷ˵꣬ǿЩ֮⣬תһҲȻڵǺǣҲǣСʱʼӴͱֳ˾츳ڹȻȫϡǿ˵껰ǽһֻҶɡ
Ҷ¶֮ɫ񼸺ǱȣԼҪ뿪ûô򵥣ҶЩеףǰڱ˵ĵƵҩЩҶӰ
ҿƺϲֻޣԲŻְ㣬ˣı壬ҲһֻࡣǿƺҶɵ˼
ŶֲϲСģԭͬ࣡Ҷ˼˵Сûж⣬ƵĲΪԼ
߰պ󣬶һ⽨Ƿöȥ˲뿪˽һĴ£ֱ뿪ȷΧҲûмֹⲻöЩ⡣
⣬ǿҡоƺѵǰĲΪǣʱȥġ
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ͨڵʵ磬Ӧ㹻Աʱ˰ɣգ˾ͽлٺ٣´Ƕˣ֪ǻʲôӦҶ˵껰΢΢һЦ
СԴʥѪ֮֮ƺر̰˯˯֮УȻܹΪһеʽҶ˫ĿһеĿԶ
ʶ֮ظоС˯һϢȴļֲ·ǵ˽ͨٽһ㡣
ƲƲ죬ΪȻ˵С˯棬ⴿԣΪЧ㾤ҵҵ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦ˵ЩĨС࣬òϣЩԼȷǾľҲ˲ٵæ
Ƭ̣ҶɵЦݻһ˫Ŀ΢еĵҲ֪ٻˣϣ̫ûΪ
ߣ´ҪΪ˺ٻǺɽʦͽǲܷŹ˵껰Ҷ¶⡣


572 
޹һ򽻻㴦
ҶһƬԭϿռٶ֮죬һģ֮£ʧӰ٣ֻһ֮
ݹУҶ˼֮ɫС໹ڳ˯Ҳǽڼֻ̫ͨǿ󣬺Ŀǰûȫ
Ҷ׼ᴩɽֱӻصɽڣǿڵõǿҶ̷ԼƳǿš
Ҷɵ뷨ȥȽĸӳ˻صݣϾԼļ磬½ҶլøĸڼҰúһЩҲԾһ
Ȼǳ˾ͽȥ鷳ҶҲ˿壬˵ԼսײãʥħҶĿڲ֮ء
ȻĻҶҲնɱ˾ͽл˽ǿĶԹҶɲԶ֣ΪǿһףԼĻᣬǰԼնɱǿĽᡣ
ЩıҶЩˣźøĸ֮Ҷɻ鸸ĸһʱ䣬Ȼ󣬾ҪһѰҸİ취ˣԼҲǿûܹˡ
һУڽˣҶɸоܺãҲǷ࣬Ҳõı˰Լ
Լ磬ȫƿԼ˵Ȼָǿˣر
һҶ·ȸֱӻصɽڣתһ룬ҶɾȥȴһϾȹԼһΣǰӦȥһۡ
뵽Ҷɶݹһתȷȥģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭա
һ߷ɶţҶǰһöʯǰЩҶ飬˵ĻָҶѼֲˡ
鿴ãʵȻûʲôֻ֣ⷢεĽҶ׼оһ֮ʣȻüһ
ףֲѵͨǿ߶֣ҶЩɲĿ˿ȷϢȷȥ
ûȽӽȣҶӴʶһŶ˲佫Զβ鿴Ҷɲüͷһ壬¶˼֮ɫ
Ϲ˾ͽлôû뵽ʵǿǶսˣҲ·磬ʱһ¾ҪΣաҶ˫Ŀ΢е˵λȡ
һ棬һ̣Ϣ磬жʮɵľգӰЦĿž˾ͽնˡ
λɹźԪһˮˮΪνͻȻɫԣ˷ֻһϢ󽵣һЩѪȻһЩƣ˫Ŀ¶ɵ֮ĿŶˡ
ԣϹ΢΢һЦڵҪ˾ͽˣϷҲڼұչأȻӵ˾ͽѵĴŶٺ١
˾ͽл˿գһڵԼ˵ߣҽƻ㣬õһЩôˣ
˶٣˾ͽлŷ΢΢һЦϹΪҪΪ㣬ѵԼ
ץǿܾԣΪҲȥ·ҪնɱҶǸСӣֱԭܼ򵥵飬ĺܸӡ
ϵĶ֣ϳϹ㻹ֵܵסɣһ˵Ϲɣٺ٣ΪҲҪԸǸСӡ
˾ͽƷлҲϷԤ֮УֻϷ򲢲㣬ȷʵû뵽㾹Ȼ˳Ϲ˵
˾ͽлЦЦڵˣǱͨߣ޷׷ָ֮ʮңӦÿԻص۷塣
һߣȣ¾ҪΪƽˣ֪ѡߣĺһ
ԣòȷͬ˾ͽ˵Լһʩչ˾޷׷ҲвСĴشٵʮָܻ
һԼǶ˶֣Щ䣬ЩңΨһûϵǶ˾Ȼ֡
⼸λ۷ܻΣ֪˾ͽʲô˳Ϲ֣ҲǷϲģԲ˾ͽ鷳Ҫ֪Щһֱ۸ɹŵͷϣ˾ͽԶҿһ
Ƭ̣Ѿô㣬ɽڣûգһս󲻵֮ʱƴشҲҪϹˣϾгϹʵԼʹߣҲΪ御һ
ߣҪϷ򣬿ɲûôסɫ˵껰˾ͽлȥ³һɫ
״˾ͽлһߣһӣһ澧Ө͸İɫСһӭ籩ǺΪСպýλǿٵ
ʱȻһڣ޴β׵ųһĶȥóЩֲȴû̫֮⣬æųһɫƻǰϾ壬ɲԵֵġ
صһ졣
ϹɫһףƵķɺˣαһײź浹߰ԶסΣǿ˾ͽлʩչ鶯иֳһָŷһȥ
״˿ⷮԼƴվԲǶ֣ҪǻԼǾͱ鶯һ֮ضش
ڳΪӦûط֮ʱ׷һųһɫģһǿϢɢȻ鶯Ĺһҧ˳ա
ˣɫһ䣬æһӣһֻɫְգ³һɰȥܲСӡ
״һƬ̼ĸɰײһţΪһǽûüĳղƶס
һֻɫһףſһѪ׼ƳϹʱ򣬳ɫ䣺˾ͽѣٳ֡
ͬһʱ䣬ָպú֮ϣһ޴ĺ֮΢΢һ˲ǳûӳ˷һģĳ˾ͽߡ
һ˵ûнƳȴܵشɫ԰ޱȣһϢ󽵣ȥǱ
ȻΪصĻǷ棬Ӳ鶯һ֮СѪⷭѪϢ½١
ٺ٣ڷѵʵ󽵣һ˱׻ܸ˰ɣҲûôˡ˾ͽл˿شɫ̤գɫȻĻǰС
Ѿ룬ֻ϶ߣٳһпԶ漴һĿϼ׼ʩչԶݶӣ˾ͽлƺżֵӣҲ¶Ц
Ȼ䣬˾ͽлŲһ٣ͬʱɫ߿ռ䲨һһɫӰֶ
ǰĪҶĳԲǵóѣҶ˵꣬һ΢ЦĿ˿һ𾪵˾ͽлգλּˣҶ˵꣬׼ߵķ棬Ҳ¶֮ɫ


573 ǿ뽻
Ҷɣ⣬ôܣմʧɫ˵
㾹Ȼͨˣһǧ꣡˾ͽл˫ĿһɫƵȻȴ캧ˡ
Сӻˣ˲ʮ꣬Ȼˣɫ˿ҶɣǲżˣҲǷ֮⡣
ǺǣԭȥҸѣպ˳·׼ǰҶɫȻ˵
ãͨͲҪƺǰˣƽཻáˬʵ˵
˾ͽлɫĿ˿ҶɣѵõһֱϣԣϹ¶һ˿û֮ɫ
ǺǣȷһֱϣֻõһŶѡҶЦ
ܣ˾ͽлͬ˵Ҳ¶֮ɫ˸Ͳʵ
Сӣʵҩȥ㲻ϽѵŷХʴȵزԼֱЦ
Ȼǵõţֻ࣬ǽŷХһŶѡ˾ͽл˵껰¶һ˿̰
ҶȴЦˣѵˣҵʦ˭һ仰ΪŷŻΪ𣿡
üͷһ壺˵ǿǸˣСӻᣬ˽ǿΪĺ¾ֶΡ
ǧǰǿǧ꣬Ϸʱǧ껹δţԪΧ̽鱨ƭСʦñŸԪء
õ鱨ǿȻ˦СʦãɽʦܶһʦñţҪ֪ɽʦСȴʦ˵ĹŵӣǱѡ
ǿ߱ԪΧ󻹴ƾһ֮ӳʮͬ׷ǵɽʦóĻŻصɽڣ
㻹ʦöߣ֪ȥŷϹ飿Ͷֱˡ
ԣƺûʲôӦ̫ߣںǿһԲĴڣҲһˣǧǰ顣
ҶԹȴЩ븴֮ɫû뵽ɽϹªԼǿˣȻ㸴ӵĹϵֲõоЩ֡
Էֳң྿ǷˣҲյһ֮ʡ
λѹȻǺǣʵֻõһţҲûнȥҶĳֻ˵ûеõŲţλˣƾУ֪λǷҪ֣Ҷɲ˾Ͼ濴ƲᣬҪ
ƾУǺǣҶƺ̫߹Լˣ䲻ǧ꣬ײ꣬˵ͨûǰںڵС֣֮ҵȽͨʱ䣬仹Ҫ
ѵΪһսͨˣܹҵᲢۣ㻹ǲ̫˽ͨʵ˾ͽлЦ
ŶȻ˵ҪˣҶ˵꣬Ҳһ֮ɫЩɲȻǲҶɣϾǰЩˣһǳ˼ǧͨ磬ʵҶս׵ܱȡ
ҶѣϹشʵǰԸϷϻס˾ͽϹġЩǵ˵Լ״̬Ը˾ͽȻ·硣
˵ҲЩģѵϹΪֵܵסµĹ²Уܡ˾ͽлһȻĿŷ΢Ц
ŶҶĳ㡣˵껰Ҷһ̤վ˾ͽл棬ʼձŴݵ΢Ц
ҶѲɣλͨǿߣ˾ͽлʵǿϷ곤ǧ꣬¶׻˾ͽлԸ漱æ˵
ҶѸսͨѵز۲ɣҵǿԳȫ㡣˵껰˾ͽлһ죬ЦĿҶɣЩԼԸǼֱǿЦ
ѲضԣҶĳзִ磬ʵڲеĻٳֲ١Ҷ˵껰ֻҡͷ̾ϢһŶˣҶֻҪ¶󣬷ϱ֡
Ҷɲûʩչʲôͨ°âһ˲˾ͽлȥ漴һȭǴƴ֮
˾̫˾ͽлҲûжϢһţȭͷųĿâݺݵҶɵȭͷȥ
صһ졣
Ҷ˫һΣС벽֮࣬˾ͽлһƺߣɫףһĵĵʮಽڰסΡ
һĻ÷յһû뵽Ҷǿᣬ˲ŷХ˾ͽƴ壬ҲռݾԵϷ磬˰²⣬ҶĶһĹ˵ϴοҲû뵽֮ǿ
һȭҶ˵˵û˵˾ͽлԼǱ󣬾ԿѹƶԷ
ʱ˾ͽлαˣҶ룬ͬʱ˫任ͣȻ䣬иĹ㣬һ۶ȥ
УһָڻγɣҶɵУǻ۳һ޽Ϊʩչȥʵһ㡣
һĻЦɫɽڵʩչԼɵͨԼǰֱһַ̣ղ¶ŭ⡣
ҶֱʩչǧնҪգǵһԵе£ǧնƻУҪ߹Ͼ۳̫󣬿Ҽ汸֮ЧǵĹͨ
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ͬһʱ䣬ǧնָͬʱ̼ײһ𣬰бһž޴ĽΪһɫ쭷ɢȥ
ǧնֻ赲Ƭ̣ǱӨָ飬˵ӨָҲСһȦܲĺҶɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀһзְòͷϸֳһ׷ߣǰһģһֻɫ˲ɳ
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һҵıһŴĿϼͬʱɢǴ֮
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574 
ҶЩڣ֪鷳ͽǧն벻ҲһˣϾͨõĲǧնԸ鶯ЩԿġ
ֻܽսҶ˵뵽漴һ˾ͽлҶԸٱҲԱҶ࣬Ҷɽӽֺ
ٺ٣ӽңֱǳ˵Σ˾ͽлһ˵Żһ߻ʱٴʩչ鶯һָҶɡ
£ҶֻȺʩչǧն벻ֿķ󣬵ţҶɵâһ
ˢһһԾӨḡֶɫ쭷Ʋͣͨʵ߶׽δܷӳҶǰâһ˲伤
ʲôʲô˾ͽлû˵ֻ꣬ǰһҶɱǳ嵽ǰֱ̧һȭںƬ̣Ǳһȭĵɶ
סΣҶٴα˾ͽл׼æǰһŷ˫磬ڰӶȴлʩչ鶯
һڰչ׷ս˭Ҳκβ˶Է˾ͽл˷ӳ֣ҲǼ죬ҶɺٴνӽҲƵúʩչͨ
״泹׷Ȼ˭Ҳ޷κε˭ԼǿԷʰϹˣҶɴ߶׷ʱһÿ϶ȿݽߣҪ˾ͽ֮֡
һɫһ𣬱ųճȥĹ򣬳ϹƼأɫ԰ѪһֵĶŷϹĹ
˾ͽѣҶ˿Ըȳߴӳ顣տ˾ͽлʵԶߣҲû׷Ҷɺս˾ͽл
ûõĶ˾ͽл˿ɫ԰׵Ҷɣٸһʱʱ䣬ԿҶɷľ䳹׻ܣͬߣʣԼԸˣʱоѹ˾ͽлûһж
뵽˾ͽлֱԶɶݶȥҶͬû׷Ϊ׷ˣڵʵҲ׻ܺߣʱһãԼΣա
ʱ򣬷ѻΪߣ˿ҶɺЩпʮǰԼ־Ҷɣʮ󣬾Ҫȡ
ǰ˵£»֮ԱǣȻЩţߵĶˣӦøǸӡ
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ηþȿǷͬСɣҶֻΪСֶΪ˷Լߣ嶼ڣԼпܱ׷ɱݶνС
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵оԼӦûʲô÷ֵĵطҲûƴǣǽŷ
ѿˣϾ֮ǰҲְҶĳ˶٣Ҷɻˣ֪Ȼ鷳ѵΪҶĳĹϵ
룬ü˵˼Ӧҳְ㣬Ϸܾ܉ɵЩԣС£ʵڲӦþֵģˡ
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ҶѣȻûʲô룬絽СסһЩʱգҶÿԽһ΢Ц
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ԣҶһĴ֮һأǾԷͬСɣԼ˵˷²ڻĺôһԼܣ¾Ҫڴ˵һʱ䡣
Ҷ㣬ǿԪӦûһٶ꣬Լﵢһ꣬ƺתԼȻͿһ飬ܿǷʲôõϵı
ѣҿأҶĳպмҩƳɵԶмĺôȻҵһҶĳפһʱ䣬ҩƳ͸ѡҶɫȻ˵
ԼڻĽϿȣԼطȡõҩ֮һĽȻҩĴ䣬ž˵츳
΢΢һЦûнҶɵĻ棬ΪҲֻǿϱԲһ̨ףԸԼĽפȣǷǳ˵ġ
лҶѣ룡˵ŻǴҶɷɶݶߣԼôһĹ򣬶˳ҶϴǿĴڡ
ҶѣϷϢһգһ磬ٹҶѣȻһȥ󣬿ǷҶҪ֮ɫ԰׵ķ˵껰ǼҴҵȥ
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ڶգҶɽҩȡװУƷоϵʱ򣬷ԼҶȷɶһյĹһɭϵĽǰҲû˳߽˽
һ¥żֻľܣһЩƤצȲϣгƷ͵ҲŶ鱦ļֵҶɲоȵĴ洢ȷס
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ڶľܣڷϣֺĿʯ飬еĿȥͨͨҶҲԷֱǺ
ףǣʱҶɺȻľһǣڷӨ͸ëżŻɷȻֹëɢһɫ쭷硣


575 
ǺǣҶѺ۹⣡Ҷëһ䣬ͬʱҲ˿
Ҷѣ𣬳˫ᶥ̺֮ķԣ˵Ʊﲢ̫๥ҿҶ֮ǰùһᱦǸպá
һǼ챦֮ϣٿ»١˵꣬Щÿ˿ǶԾӨë
ԣҶһ漴˿ϣ˵ЩҶɲʶмҶɻǽгֵġ
̶ȣ༸Ӧûأʹüֵ֮ϣϾϧԼûҲòϣͬߣѡһʹõĲϱʵһЩ
ɿԭǣҶûѡǼʵüֵܸߵĲϣϧǣ˼Ϊ֮ԼԼ壬һлֵõġ
ҶɵȻ˽ⷮ˼Цѣ˵أҲͬߣҶĳҲұ֤ܸǼٶ٣ҲգҾѡɡ
˵껰һᣬҶ˽⵽ʵһ洫ԣǰϽ˲֪ι½磬оһɴЩǣһ֮һֱ
Ҷõ˺ôȻܰҪصסǿʼֱһºҶɲųɹƳŵҩ˷档
һıչصƣʵڲ˷ʱȡҩ²⣬ҶƳĵҩҲ̫ߣϾҶССͣʵ֮ǿȻʱеʵ϶һ㡣
ʲͬ赤ҩҲһЩϸ΢ı仯ҶΪ壬϶˽⣬շǳ˵ҩϾˣòҶɵӡ
Ҷס˼׽ƣԪǧն㣬ػһԣĬĬżڷӡĻꡣ

һ󣬴ɽ㴦
һۣȥʮ꣬ΪڻӤ۷ӣڰռٵķɶţȥЩüӡ
֣ôоЩɫģˣЩӦúᴩɽӰȫɽɢޣҲ֪׼׼˵껰ٲӿ˼֡
٣Ҳ֪ʲôʱܵǴһ֪ͨҸαˣĿǰƺûа취£ǿЩ·ɡ˵꣬̾Ϣһ

ȣҶھң
УһŰ£뷢԰׵գ˵ֻһӰμʵһȵ
һֻƣȴɢӲӵɫһ۶ȥɫԽԽ󣬿ʵһʵ
ߵ·Ҷһ֮ϣǰƯɫĹ㣬ֳһץһѿʵһľ޽Уһɫ档
޽ܵĿռ䣬һ֮⣬ҲЩŤۻȼյ
Ƭ̺Ҷɵһ޽һ߽ɫ֮УǷɳһָǵײһ
صһ죬һĿϼѶһҶɲµļƣҲصŤЩɾƷƻ
ⲻǧնĵ㣬Ȼ˿Ƿãƾһǧն޷ֿ˾ͽϹ鶯ټϲĻԷ鶯ԽӲٺ٣´ζս㲻֮ҲϴǰǱˣ
Ҷ˵껰΢΢һЦǳȥֹƬ̺һ˦һ԰ƴСľӨᣬ𣬳˰ա
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˵һڰ΢΢һ𣬱һĿâǣΪӡ
Ҷɫ˫Ŀһգǹϼ˸һɫСһɶҶɵԪӤϿա
ɫС˫һڵһ·ɫ棬ȥ¶ȼֲ
ɫС˿һ漴һ㣬һ׹⽫΢΢һܵһɫ쭷磬ƺҪѳ׹İ
ߣɫСһߣǰԪӤС¶֣֮ɫ𣬷ֱֻ˹ȥ

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ĳڣ޶֮ϣƽվһԣƽ߻һӤ۷ʿ
ƽǶôˣ޿˿ˣʵ
ʣһģ쵳˼öֵĻױѺȫնɱʿش
ţܣоЩףǸδ˵꣬˫Ŀƽ
Ƭ̣ƽܾãѺĶףʵնɱ˶٣ƽЩ·ϣʣӦ֣ܵһӹʰš
ԣ¶ЦӵȷҲɵǴ˿ִ飬»ǵ޲ϲһ֮£޶ָҪӤƽһֱǵС£ܣȴֺԸ񣬿Ҳڡ
˵Ʋƽȴǲұ̬Ϊò׼⣬޵׻᲻ƽһֵܹϵܺãԼ˳ͷԩ
ţƽ˵ĲͬΪף뷨ҲˣˣȥɣҸȥȰȰǡ˵꣬˹Ӧһ˳ȥ
ã޿˿ʧĵطһ¶һ˿Цһ⣬촽һƺҪ˵ЩʲôȻü
һһöɫУ޿ŷϵݺ󣬲ɵɫ΢䣬Ĭãĳ˿
ڣҪ𣿡˵껰޵ϣ¶ֵ֮ɫȴһ˿˷ܡ


576 ·
һĳ侲ڣ
Ҷһö⼣߰ߵͭ壬˫Ŀ΢еĲʲôǵǧµõǲ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɺȻüһͭûãǴһˬʵ
ҶѣϷҪлŵҩðһ䣬ŵҩʲô֣δ䣬ǳҶɵľڣһľ֮ϡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦϲƻָϲɺأŵҩǸ߷ѣҲ޷Ƴġ
üͷһ壬Щ̫˵ӣ΢Цһ䣺ҶѺγԣûôߵʦʦϷöġ
ҶҲ𻰣΢Цóһö棬ֵҩĲϣƷԼƷףΨһǣҩû֣λҶԼġ
濴ãɵ¶֮ɫÿһֲϣһǼ亱֮еѾ
÷ǣֵҩֶַΪӦ۷͵ĵҩʵڿҶɵֲ
Ҷѣŵҩʲô֣Ƴģһ֣صʵŵҩΪ⣬ΪҲǸƲʲôö
ŵҩ֮󣬷оָƼ죬ҸоΪҲмĺôҲһЩϸ΢ĸƣ÷ʼϲģͬʱҲ˷쳣ָоƺҪͻĳƿһ㡣
ǺǣڵӦ˰ɣЩϣͲǿ״ģҶĳҲһżȻĻᣬŵõ⼸ҩԼġ
ڲҲʣ޼Ҳû֣Ҷĳֻ֪˵ԷѵƣЧҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣ֮ģ˵ǰ˵ҶƽཻлǵҶһ󱲣ֻǶԷͨʵԼ֮ʱҩȣ˾ͽˡ
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ǺǣҶԷ飬Ϸ򼴱ĵҲ޷Ƴҩипǰֻ꣬ܽύܵ
ҶɳƬ̣ЦȻȬҶĳҲ͸ˣպЩҪȥһµġ
ԣ̾ϢһûҶѵĵҩϷھ޷ָģҪʱ䡣
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ҶһЦҡͷʵԴϴС̷һЩҩ֮󣬱ǿʼһֱ˯ѡ
һ㶣漴˼ĵ˵ͷƺ˽ĿڵţʥѪ֮ŸովѣȷҪ˯Ⱦޣںƿķչ»Ҫ֮ϵġ
˸ߵۣҶҲЩ⣬ԼʥѪ֮˽⣬Ȼһ˵ȻЩ
Ҷ뷮򵥵˼֮󣬱뿪ȣƵҩʵҲĿģ÷ЩָԼ뿪ȡ
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ºҶɿҪӽɽ֮ʱȻüһ΢˼Ƭ̣¶һζЦݡ

һۣӤ۷꣬ɽ򣬳ȷɶܶȥԴȴǳüӡ
˵·ѵҪȥȥңôĵطңʲôʱܸϵһ䡣
һʵǿ鷳ԩ˰ǰɣԼЩѧϰûа׷ѣ껰䣬ֻǰռ䲨һһɫӰֶ
״ɫһ䣬漴Щ񣬵󣬺Ȼһ죬κҵĲ֮鰡·ϵԤˣ
ˣǵҶճʱκңҶǽϹӵĲ֮齻κҡȻҶɡ
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Ͼ֮ԼҲЩԱ֮ġκԼҶεûʲôˣ˾һ̥ҶҲЩϰˡ
˸մȻκҶɵĿ佱ҲǺܸˡ
ţ˷ңʲô飿ѵǰӦʲôҶЩʵ
κҳƬ̣ڵֻһ˿޵ĸӦһң־Ȼйأ
Ŷʲô£Щɲ˵κҵҶڻ޷ȫͬģҲӡ
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˷ҲҪȥܰǰʲô֪ʲôλãҲ֪κҳü˵
ҶκҵĻǿһƽĳ嶯¶һѪЦݣŵκһ¡
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ˣǵطκҲӦüǵãʾӦȥһЩĵطκҼæһ亹˵
䣬κҺȻоԾҶ˫Ŀһɱ˵Ŀ⿴Լκŵüæ˺ü
ˣ⣬˵ģɲȥκҸоֱȻҶϵϢǳֲ
Ǹѧ˲ٷϻֱ˵ص㣡Ҷɫһ˵
ˣ˼ǣһߣ˾ףһԶݴޣˣϵĵص㣬ɻӡ󣿡κЩսս˵ҶһƽԼ


577 嶴
һߣ˾ףһԶݴޣҶɿĬĬţпʼ˼
˵һδʼԼΣʱʵ̫ˣʵ޷²ʲôص㣬ᵽҶΨһ뵽ģǱħī׷ɱ֮ʱһߣȻȣֻǵԼûϳˡ
ҶãԼӳ֮󣬿ڶطģڽȵȡӤ󱻻׷˽ݣӵȪݡ
˾ףһҶɺȻǰһȪѰ֮֮ʱպøϺ֯Χ
ΪֻһֻȻֻϹ֣һȥ˶ʮˣνǶ˾ףֻҶһӵ˴ݡ
Щ֮أѵȪݣҶ˼˵ʵ벻ȪʲôҪ飬κ˵ʵãЩ߶߶ģκҵĻҶҲȫ⡣
ҲãҰ飬ҾʹȥȪݿҶɳ
˲ɣκҼæ˵һ䣡
ŶкβɣҶЩ˵
ˣ˵ͬУ󶼲һĶΪ࣬Ǳ϶κЩĵ׼ȷʣκҿǱҶɻҪںġ
⣡Ҷ룬ǿʣԪԼĶһһȥȪݣûʲô⣬Ҳ˷Ѳ̫ʱ䡣
ҲգҾȥһС׼ԺͱչظٰʮٳҪңҶ˵껰һһɹϼϯסκ֮󣬶˵α˲ʧ
⣬Բ羹ȻֲٶȣκڶݹЩɲʵڲҶܳԽԲ
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ǣʷģһչʷԸáɫһ˵
ܴȥ򲻵ҹ֮λǵԴҲҪң𣿡һص˵š
Ƭ̣ɻʣƽү
ߣһҪ֪ͨƽѶϣ֪£»ֹ˴¡üͷһ˵
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޿˿յĴûη֣˫ĿԶһӣҲ֪˼ʲô

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˵أǵ֯ΧԻ֣
Ƭ̣һһκұȪݳ˳ǷȥȪҲֻг˳ǻЩϤ
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ҶѣҶǰ£΢ЦҶǹ˶£ºԶǼ档
Һһμжмһ棬ֻǵ¿ȴԲʿȻעµġ
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ԣԶ΢΢һЦڵҶѿˣˣλǣ
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ĺ˵ûйȥķ⣬˳ǣϴ壬һЩġ˵꣬ԶЩȻ֮⡣
ҶЩпԶ˵ɣܰѺҼֵڣȷЩ˵ʵڵĻԶҲѷ⡣
ǺֶθġҶɿ޵
Զ΢΢һЦ˿ûеı飬ЦҶҵһٶ꣬û뵽Щ֪ںδ
ǺǣĴߣȥ˴ݡҶһһӦţʵ֮ˣҶɵûʲô̫Ĺͬԣ˫ֲǺ졣
ˣҶѵѵûвжԶʵһֱʣʼ죬һ󣬲ʳɻ
ȫ䣬ҶĳȪλ棬סֻҶɽŵڽһúԶ겻ѡ
Ƭ̣Զ˿ܵȺѹҶȻѵҲΪ嶴飿
ԣҶɺȻ˫ĿһУ漴ЦЦǺǣҶĳ治嶴飬֪ѿɷ½嶴кϡ֮
ҶɵĻԶȻЩ⣬һ˿ûڣ֪ҶɲǳŴ»صȪݣԶҲἰⲻ¶һ˿Ц


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ǺǣҾͲ嶴֮£һЩɢȻ֪һЩʵ֮ˣ٣м֪ģǼ塣ԶҶɽ
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˳һЩɢ޷׷Ѱҳ䣬˵һͨǶ鱦Ҳһõóġ
һº˺Ȼ֣ʧˣڳ˳ںټҲûз뿪ţǾֻһܣѾնɱ˳ڣץ
Ȼɢ޲֪ɲ˲֪˳Ǽ峤һŴ£Ǳסʳ嶴֮󣬱Ǳˮնɱ
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Ϊǻû׼ãǰȥ̽·嶴ȥнƣ޷ƿ˶Բߡ
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ԴѣϧС椣ôˮ飡ʱ¥ӣһλǻ꣬Ϊڣһź۵ߣ۷塣
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ҶûЩ˼ʵ̫࣬ɽʤԼˣҲɱֶͽġ
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ҶԣЩ⣬ﾹȻֹʵҲô˵ʵҶЩϲ
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ҶѣǻǺȾưɣҪЩ飡ԶȻҲϲˣҲûгֽѵ˼κ¶һ˿ŭ⣬ҶɲڣҲҶ֡
ҶЦЦƱҪڴ֮ʱȻԴһ仰Ҷһ
׻Ӥ֮ףŮӳҿǿòˣŮӵأϵǹ㣬֮һھߵһ˫ζȻޱȣٺ٣ԴЦЦ
ҶɺȻ¾Ʊ˫Ŀ΢Уɴ㣿Ӧòɣ̫ڣӦ䵽˵زѾͷҲԲΪ
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ˣҲˣǶˣȥϹ˵˿ѾߣأһЦ
λеŮӣһɫȹǣ㣬ڰɴҶɺȻһ䡣
ԣԴ˿˿Ҷɣһ㶣漴ЦҲŮӣŮĿɲǣȻˣֵܶ˲Ƕ֡
ΪԲһ˿ҲĶ֣ϹǷ˺ôټϹʩչŮӵġ
ҶһЩŭ⣬ͬʱһ˿õԤУϾƽ͵ʵ֪λ֪ϹںδŮӴʲôطˣ
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⣬Ϲ޶ĳҲ֪ˣʺ¿ǺܶġԴͷæشһ䡣


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ҶѣϹΪɢޣ䳤ϣݼߣֶͨ죬Ǿ޶ڳ˳Ǵһ䡣ܹҶôһԲʿԶҲǸˣ˵ĺףԼֻǰҶɴ䣬Ƕֲ롣
Ҳã֮ǰȽϹ˵òӡҶ˵껰ֶԶһö
ţҶ˫ĿźԴˣڵ˵ʱģʲôط
ڳʮ£շãϹŮֵ֮ܶ˼ûʲôջ񣬱ǻ˳ˡԴа˵оҶֻǴԲʿǾҶɸ˵ѹ̫һ
ҶѣϹ͹˵òҶӡ֮ˡʱ򣬺ԶҶɡ
ӹҶվΣŵѯһʮµλã漴Զһöŷ
һֶټ֪ͨңЩʯǸѵıꡣҶ˵껰׳һֻǴκҼҴҵ뿪˾ƹݡ
ҶףǸ˰£˫죬ôĻԷⲻᾡԶҲ뷨
ߣԶһԼѰϹȲ˵ԼܲܵϹ壬ƾϹʵͲԼܹǵġ
Ҷֻǵ죬˵ԷԼǰ˶ǴԲͬףһ仰ԼԼ²ɣ
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ѵôˣǣԶЩɲ֮ģ̻صУǳӵ´ʼ˳ѰϹ䡣

һߣҶɶ뿪˳֮󣬱һκʮ¼ٶޱȣκϰֲֿĶˡ
һʱʱ䣬Ҷɱʮ¸ݹһͣ漴˫ĿӴʶ֮ͷŶԲﷶΧӦ
Ƭ̺ȻûʲôջҶɷԸκҼ仰󣬱ǶԳĳߣκǳ෴ķȥڷͷжš
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һṦκҲǷ˻ҶɸˣǸҲûˡ
κ˵ЩʲôֻоǰһĳɿˣٴαҶϯŷɶݶߡ
ѵǻӤԲʵȻҲ߶ҲԲĴڣ񲻸ֲĶ١κоɲ侭չأûпԲֻ߶٣Ҳ޷׼ȷжϳҶɵʵֻһоǿǿ
Ҷû뷨κһص֮󣬱ֱ˺ңҶ֮󣬷·ʶҶһ㣬æҶɽ
ҶѣˣԶЩ⣬û뵽Ҷٶ죬Ӧûȥʮ£ͱԶԸҶɲͨҶɵĻҲ˿
ѣûϹϢ˾ʲôطţУ嶼˭ڳʲôλãҶһ˼⡣
ϹҼҵĿ䳤ϣڹأǳ˳ɢޣһֱϹһ𡣡ԶҵĵλãԼϹŵλãҶɡ
ã˼ѰңϢ֪ͨҡҶ˵ŻҪ뿪ԶæվΡ
ҶѣĳͬУٴϼˣǧСϹˣнҵʵҲС
кĳͬȥ٣Ҳֱ棬ҷͻġԶƺܵҶɳӡ
ԣҶһڵأлѺ⣡˵껰ҲȺԶڣǴκ뿪˺ҡ
ڽϣҶ̾ϢһĳǳڣҶɵʶ֮Ҳ޷ȫǣûµʱһʿҲƵĳʱʶţʶ̫֮󣬶һһָ
ҶɲѰһСƬϾûнӴϹ˽˵Ϣƾòʱãã˺ҵˣǾԲһ׵顣
˿òʶ֮ҪϢñʯǰ濴ȥûʲô
̺ģɫ϶һЩʿǿʶ֮ҳɫǿʯҲǸͷ۵⡣
ʿȻ޴ǻʶ֪֮ʯϢģȻɫǿʯֻҪ˽ϢôϲȻ׾١
ͬһˮѰұʵģ۾ܺܳǿŵζѰɾͼ򵥶ˡ
ϹԣҶȻлȻ˽˵ϢҪҵˣȥ侭ŵĵطֱӣ漴Ҷɴκȥĳջ


580 
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ϣҪ²źãκңܷڲһңЩ˵䣿ҶҲвͶҽκ˵
ԣκ¶ɫڵˣ⣬ⲷ֮ûǣһĸ˿ڣȻû
ȷûʲôãҶһеֻ⻰κҵĶȴǱһɬζ
£ҶֻȥԼңվſڣƺҪҶɵӣҶֻϢһţȻķ֣Լһ޷Ҷ˳κԼҸϴ
ԼҼһԲʿиֲ٣ԼȻûҶɷһԲԼϻֻɻΪûͨһ
ϹڸϣҶֱ˵˵
֪λѰ䳤Ϊ£ǿǾʶԼ˿ҶɣɫȻһ䡣
Ҷɴ˿̿ûʱʲôԷųһ˿ϢԼɫһףо岻ѣҶɲ˵⡣
λǰϹûлĲУԼòϣоɲҶɵȷԲϢѹֲִﲻӤʵԼԿ϶ԼǶֻ֣ǣϹôôһֲĴڡ
ɲҪƭңĻԼҶڣҶɫһ˵˵껰һץԼֻһᣬڷ̣ȻƯ˰գҶǰⲻͷֱð亹
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һû֣Ϸǿ͸Ϊ˵껰ָĳֵͬһʱ䣬ҶɵӰ˲ʧֻһ仰κңȥҵȺԼ
ҶɴС֣ЩȻԷ߲ãҶȻҵʱϹ̸ʲôԭϹҲնɱġ
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⵹ûУһλ˵˵
ˣҶĳѣǸĺôҶֶһʯƼ״˵ظҶɴ·
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ǰ䷿ֱģұţһŮӣҲûмӷ䣬Ҳ֪סƸҶ˾ס
˿̵Ҷɣųʶż䷿ɨȥƬ̺ȴüһûиоɽϢҲûзֻٻϢ
Ҳ㲻֣ǻӤʲô󷨻Ҳһܹ׸ӦϢģ˷ɽ˾ٻҶɾ޷ֶԸɽҲ׼׵طŹǡ
ʱҶһ䷿΢΢һصһȫ򿪣һĻǽһ俪˵ֻǰһڣ˲ʧȥ֪ĵ˵ϡ
Ҷüͷһ壬Ū֮󣬱һһڳ˲û˵һ䷿֮ڡ
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Ҷֻ̾Ϣһ˾ĺͯʹﵽ۷壬ʵҶɸоϧϢˡ
ȥڶ䷿һȴǷ˷ЩǱԵۼһðŰɫݣɢȻжҩڵġ
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ˣ䷿ˣͨʿȻҶɸ
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Զԣæӹ鿴һ󣬱ǴҴȥ²̽˵䣬Ҷɲġ
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֣߾ʲôˣȻơҶ˫ĿһգӴʶ֮һŶ
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֮ҶһˣȹŮӵߣҶμģ֮£ǳͷϿգɫȴǼ˫ĿĿߡ


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֮ǰǶˣӤԲСȻʵ˶ϺЩӽ֮ʱҲܵҵһ֮Ҳᡣ
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ߣǼˣҩ𣿡ʱ˸оռ䲨һһŰ£Ƥ׾ü͸һ˿֮ɫ꣬׵ĸֶ


583 ҩȷ粨У
㣬㣬ǰʲôˣ꿴˿ҶɣɫʵҲдžɫ
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ֻһʦԵ޹ʣһӤԲСնɱԲ𡣡˵
ٺ٣ҿǲ˵ʵҶһ̧Űһġ
һ𣬰кȻ۳һֻ޴ƣŰһץȥĶԼʵȫҲֻƶԶľ룬ձֲץϡ
صһ졣
ѶһɫС˵ţҶ̧һ㣬һɫ˿պú˷ԪӤ֮ϣ۵һԪӤɢ곹䡣
һĻѪɫһЩɪɪ˵ǣǵҶͨϹ֣γǾ岻ѡ
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Ҷɲ˫ĿһУͷһâٶޱȣԼ俴һɫһģ֮£ûŮӵĶͷ֮ڡ
׼ԱİŮӣ˫ĿһͣɫҶǰ棬ЩɹŵĵӣЩ֡
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ѵ㲻Ҷʵ
¡Ů̹ϵ˵Ƕ¶Žƣһ˵£ҲҪ޷ʹ࣬Ǿͱ׷ĻˣҿڣԸԱŮɫȻ˵
ҶΣֻýŮӹҶСס˰£˳㽫Ƿһʵ޷̫ã׼ȥϾҶɵĵҩƹҲ߰˰ˣҩȣϾʵȶ˶һЩġ
λǰµĻӤϹ֣ҪǹԽӼҩȡҶ׼뿪ҩȵʱһֵصӣŻŵ˽֪ͨӸ챬Դףʮħڻô֮ҲǶһƷĿ飬ֻҪλȫħ½ڣȡħ֮£ȡ֮ԽɼԽãûħжʵħѻֻ֧ҲǿһƷжʵߵʱħһ̱Ҳ֤ħڴﵽ˵һڣһǳؼʱ̣ԣҪҵĴ֧֡


584 ҩȷ粨£
ʲôѵɹŵˣЩɲ˵ˣ¾ûôöԸˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ɹȺҩȣǽǴߣԺ󻹻鷳ϣìҩȶ𣬱ϾԼػҩȵġ
ȳȥҶ˵ŻվΣɫ
λǰǣǲ֪ͨһֵصӻû˵꣬Ҷɱǰִϡ
ˣС£Ƕ˱ǿԽģȺúưɡҶɲӣ뿪˵
ҩ֮⣬գӤԲĴڣ˼ǻӤڣݣһҲġ
Ϊ׵һһӣеģһϢۺžĹâ˽ɫȻ
ʱҶҩһɶһ󣬱ǳ˵ǰ˵Ϊ֮ɫЩѿҶɫȻ
ףȻҶѣʱƺ˳Ҷɣ˵˵һ䣬ԣ׷ɫҶɣϾҶҲͬЩ֮ˡ
ԣҶ˫ĿһУ˼Ƭ̣˴ˣǵ׻棬һɹŵӣʵס
ѣ֪ʦڵҩȣкιɣҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ҶɹֵҶѣΪɽźѡӣ֪ܵ˵꣬˫ĿضҶɡ
ҩȵĹµѣҶĳļڴ˵أôʲô⣿ҶЦЦ
ʲôҶ֮ˣҵǺ棬ﵽĸ߶ȵģЩɲ˵
ҶĳЩ飬ĵģˡ㣡ҶɫһȶԷŭҶɵ¶˵ӣ循ȣɹŵĵӣ¶Ц֮ɫ
Ϊɽڲɣʦǰҫ㽫նɱ˭֪һǲĿҶɡ
Ƭ̣ȻҶ˵ˣҲתĨǣмͬʦֵܣǷѾ⵽ǵĶ֣
鷳Ȼ๼Ҷɺ˵ȴǴͷʹ֪Ҷ˳嶯
ãȻҶ˵ˣɽźѡˣҵҲΪ㣬ֻҪϸ±ǹȥ
ȻǲŹģҩˣ˵ĺԣΪҶɣҶҪִִ£Сġ˻ɱ˵ĻһĴȥɹֲɹŵˣԵ޹նɱɽźѡˡ
ɷ֪Ҷĳ˵ĿģҶЩĵʵֻͫһ漴һЦ
ߣĳҲ˷ʱ䣬ȻԸ֣ǿɾ͹ֲˡ䣬ַ̧ųһڰɫŽһѸ߽ͨ鱦
˼״ҲǷ׷һǽҶ˰Χסͬʱ־ʩչ׼ˡ
ǾԲǶ֣ͻһȱڣסǣȻߣɫصĶҶ˵һ䣬Ҷֻһů˲ʱ˵˻ģѡ
ӣΣһЦ̧һָɫŽҶһնȥ
ʱֻһɹżʼȭͷСӭ籩֮£˲仯ΪһֻСͨɫĸͣҽɫŽײɡ
ô£ֻ֮ںȻ³һƬɹϼһ˸֮ڣֻʣҶա
ף֮ȻǿнڡĻû˵ֻ꣬Ϳ΢΢һ漴ɢһĿâ
ţߵɫӰڸͿڱһ嵱ɫһΪʵ̫ǿ˳Ͼû˵ʲôͨ鱦ġ
һ̣ȴǵһߵӰصˤ˵ϣɫ԰ף˫ĿգȥҲ˿оһӡ
ʲô⣬ⲻ֮ѵǹŹزɣһһо岻ѣͬһĿҶɡ
ٺ٣ûôţڶúúõģֻн֮ڡҶ赭д˵
顣ֻһڱɣ䣬Ҷɱ̧һӣһѺɫವһû˸֮ڡ
ҶһֻԼ΢΢һûҶɵ֮ڣţߵӰϺȻȼһ棬̼䣬ǽջٵһɶ
ҶһѾĿɿڴĬã˿ڿˮڵҶɣҪ˵ʵ챦ףͨˣ
ҶһЦˣҲǰʱ䣬ȷǽ׵֮ͨ
ԣ弴ЩԤϣоκˣͨϹ֣ǰҶɾ֮ͨУѡ綥ĴڣЩš
ЩĬҶɲĵıǣΪ粻ͬʧȥֵܸ飬ͬǰ֮ǰҲ޷˵Ҷߡ
صһ
Ҷ֮ʣֻһȭҶɵ֮ϣ˵ûʹȫȴɵ
Ҷɺ׼֮£ŵŵŵĲסΣ˵һȭҶ첻ʲô˺Ҷȴһ㵡
ҶɿѯʣȴǹһЦӾȻֹͨϹ֣Һȫˣٺ٣ֵͨǿߣ֮УԺ˭ǣ
ҶԼһȭɣЩѪǿһĹȥĳ嶯ֺֺЦĿ塣
Сӿɱ̫磬ҳֵ̫֪࣬ܣû׼ø죬ߣҶûİһۣȴ˿岢ûΪϵԼ衣
ͨڵֵܣҲֵô˵ԺҩҲȥˣȻЦ
Ƭ̣Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷЩһֱ룬һɹŵݱɱ¾ԻɹӣԼֻҪһߣ˱ΣգҲֻôӤڣɹŵӶȻ
壬µǿǴȥˣڴȥɽڶһʱ䣬һЩҪʵû취ʱݡҶɫһ˵
⣬Һȥ£ƹȥɽھͿˡ忪ڵ
أڼ޶ҳ˶ͨϹ֣һһԼҲöԸǻǴɽڰȫЩһܶĸסҶ˵꣬뵽Լĸĸһ˼ǵ˵ͷ
ӸڷɳҶɵķԸֻһڣҶصҩȵ
ڶ죬ҶҵڵƵĽƹ˵Լ⣬˷ܲѣȥݼʶһ
ƹ˿ˣȻɫһҡͷлҶѺ⣬طϷǾԲ뿪ġԣҶ¶ɫ


585 Ȫ
ƹ㻹Ǹһ뿪ɣԲᰲȫģЩǵ˵
ǰϻƾͺһ߰ɣСطʲôֵģֲǲˡֵ˵һ䣬Ҷûʲô
ƹƬ̣̾ϢǻᣬȥѰչңҪٻһҲңǸǺáƹĳ˵
ԣҶһ˼ڵƹٻ飬㲻صģ˷ҽ͵ɽ֮󣬾ͻȥ
ҩԷԸȥٻĻȥɽ㣬һߣɹŵ鷳
ŶٻϢһߣǺþöûлˣ֪ڹÿɺãƹæʵ
ҶЩɬȴ¶ЦݣοƹģٻʦԣµģңٻΪҲǴﵽӤˣһ㲻ʲôΣյġ
⣡ƹԥ
ˣҶɻ飬Ҳû̫ãȥɽڣͻȥѾͷˡ忪ڵ
ڽҶɣƹնģüͷһĵһߣһЩ鷳ҩҪǻˣнһߣһǨŭ㸸ףǧڶΣա
⣡ᣬûлƹ͸Ҳҡ
Ǻǣλĺˣɹŵˣỳɵģа취׼һ£պһλҶ˵껰ȻҶʲô취ѵΣû˻Ҷɵİ취
ҶɴɹΨһҴŮӣһ·ǧ·ɶݶȥͨڵʵɶһʱ䡣
ǧҶɵʵǿ룬ȴûз̫ãо˵Ƶֻ֮󣬱ͣ
˵ؾҩȷǳԶڳ˵ҲǧڣŮӶ˵ϣҶܿ˿漴˵ͷ
㣬ҪʲôŮɫѿ˵˵֮˲̫עŮ֮£ǱǿУҲһԽܵʵңŮĵǱҶɱŽʶķϾûС
Ҷɿ˿ŮӣҲû˵漴ŮӶͷһ㣬Ůӵһ˫Ŀôǰһڣʧȥκ֪
Ҳ֪˶ãٴʱǻаӰϵķҲʧŮӵıЩ֣˰죬ƺûзϵķСʱߣͲǵñϹ
ʦ֣ͨʦܣ˼ŮûκλشȴǴ޵˻ȥϢӡ
ãﾹȻ໯ޣϿ뿪˵أŮӻ䣬Զߣɶ߰յʱ䣬ŮӸо뿪Σ򣬲ͣϢһϾˣ֧ɶ̫á
ŮԼڣϴѪ䲻˫ĿһеľȵµѪҺʦѵѵ֮ڣ
ŮȻּЩģֻǵһʮͬţִǧµʱȴܵһȺ޹Լش˹ȥ
֮ȴǷֻʣԼŮ˿¶޵ĶڣֻԼҴ֮£׼ɹŸԭԭĸŻߴϡ

ͬһʱ䣬Ҷɵѵɽڣ˳˴ҵĴ֮ϣҶԼò˳ʱ䡣
īһ˶ĻӤҶɱü乧˿ٴ򿪴һȺֵصæµ
ǺǣҶѣԺлᣬҪīĻû˵ֻ꣬ҶɵڴϰâһʧӰ١
ī˲ͷ亹һӤԺɨݣܽīµģһҶĶȡ֮λԼ϶ɡ

Ҷɣ壬ƹһˣɽڴҸոֵ߳صӹشк˼ҶɵûʲôİˣҲû˭ȥ̲ʲô
ϾҶݲͬźѡ˵ĵλɲģһЩϣҲԶҶָֻš
ٺ٣ҶﵹǻòЦ˵
СӾȻźѡˣǰ;ƹп
ȴû˵ʲôҪ佫ҶΪ˵»ŻǣҶһֱϢ˵ҲҶɵΪ
Ҷ˸뿪ҲãӭһɫӰɶݶЩæһֻƺϳŨŨľζ
ǰ
ʦǣҶЩɻĿǿ
ǿҶҲ΢΢һ㶣漴˫Ŀ΢еĴҶã¶һ˿ɫ漴ʧ
Ҫȥ飬ˣ֪ҩǷƳˣǴ˷׼ڱչƣǿһ䡣
ҶɳƬ̣һȡһöƿֽǿɫһĵҪĵҩʦ˷׼סҵľӦûʲôɣ
ʲô⣿񡭡ǵҩǿһѽӹƿɫ쳣ζЩֻӲֵľƺ˿Ҳ䡣
û⣬ʹȥŴ£Ǿסľͺã˵ŻǿǴҶɵľȥȴε¶˷֮ɫ
ʱҶɺȻɫһһ֮£һöɫУ֮ȴüͷһ壬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʦҺȻЩҪһ˾ͽˣľҪߣһе˵˵껰ҲǿӦΣҶɼҴҵķ˴͸Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ
ǿҲЩ֮ɫò׻һˣȻԼĸĸûһۡ
ǿҲûж룬˴ľһֶ֮ľֵصӽһһʧ
Ҳ֪˶ãһɽ֮ϣǿգֽװƿ˫Ŀ΢У¶֮ɫ
ڵȵʱˣôؼֵʱ̣ӦõȥһŷĵģںȻõһǸϿչͻƿĺá
Ϸǧĳش˷˳ףҲ˷̫ʱ䣬ֻǡϣûп㣬²Ҫźã˷ֻٴθ㴫ˡ˵껰ǿ¶һ˿Цоâ˸

ףôˣǸо˳֣ȴʲôҲǲˣͬһʱ䣬ȪĳŴ⣬һֵصЩɲ˵
Ҳǣǰʱͳֹһξ㱣ҹľȣԺҪúöһľˣʱ˲ӡһֵصӳü˵
˵ԺһɫӰȻϢĴڷɶݶϯų˳Ƿٵķɶܶȥ
պ󣬰ɫӰ˳˳ǺҴڣƺѯʲôһںսսؿŰꡣ
ǰ⣬⣬Ҳֻ֪ȫûλκκǰҲһȥ˵껰ɫѿ


586 ̳Ѫ
ҶɫĿǰ꣬ɽڵʱ򣬱ǽӵ˳˳ǵĳϢ˵Ȫ䣬κһѾΣգû˵̫ϸ
ϢӦκ֪ͨԼȻκûдţҶɸκҴҲûеõظôֻһܣκҲΣա
Ҷ׼κҵǰƺҲ˽ⲻӣһٷĹ򣬲ŽĴŽһ顣
˵Ҷ뿪˳ǵڶգȼ壬Ϊļɢޣǰȥ嶴̽ա
ˮ֯̽գȴг˵Ƶ嶴ȫаգһʮȥˣûƿ˽һ֡
ˮ׵壬嶴Ķڣԭ嶴鼫أֻм壬Լʵɢ֪
Ǳӻ֮嶴ǿڳ˳Ǵ￪ʱ䣬嶴ǾۼʮˣΪ
κǸûЩС£ĵĵȴҶɵϢʱĳȥ䣬ܷߣȹŮӡ
˵ʮ֮УżȪŵĵӣ˿î˾мɢޣһЩ輫ߵ˴ڣƿ˶ڽƣʮ롣
һȻԱճϴλңʮ˴ȥֻӳ˲ʮˣк˵ģһŵҲ˳Ķɢ޻ĳ峤
һ˳Ǻ䶯ȪݱǴ￪ŵĻӤϹҲסˣɱʮڸֵĽƣԷͬСɣ˵ʲô
һŵԴӣڸֲʮȪݸǳɢޣ壬ȫ嶴
嶴ӤϹԼµӣʮڸ֣ڶкüʮˣ嶴ΪȪ˾֪ıܵء
޵ӤϹ֣붴ڣӤϹ־Щ֣
鴫ķзκ֮£Ҳȥ֣ԳֻӤΪо򼴱ǵֲĸ֣·ûġ
κҵļ룬嶴ȺͱӤϹ֣ڸ֣ʮʿ
˳ǵĳǰȥԳѸߣԱӣûи˲κʲôϾлʳسΪҪ
˵ûвμӣȥһЩ嶴ʱϢŸ
۷׷ף˵ЩӤϹֵĵʲôʱ򣬳ȥ嶴⼸һǱ˻ǴŻ
˵嶴Ȼ䣬˴˷սȥ嶴ãʹһǿ֮ҽк֮ǲϣһ״Զݻسǡ
ɶãͷһ֮£ֻ嶴Ҳ֪ĸӤϹѣӳ嶴
ţһɫϯסֻԪӤҲһ嶴֮УԶ״ֱǻ겻壬Ǳӻ˳˳ǣԭԭ֪ͨ˳
ͨ棬˲ýӽ嶴ҽϢҲһЩԭЩҰĵʿͷ
嶴û˸ҽӽһȥ֮ã嶴ûһӳͷŽϢҶɣֻ˵Ȫ䣬κпա
Ҷɵ֪Ĵţɫѯһ嶴λã껹ҶɣȴҶɵѾʧӰ١
κΣգٶԼЩΣҶɼٵĶݳ˳ǣɫأɫˡ
ǽҲͰˣʲô˵κ䣬ҾԲŹ㣬ߣԱϣҶɵһ˿ԲѪɫâֻǣҶԼûע⵽
Ҳ֪˶ãҶҵ嶴λã滷ɽһһƬ֣һ£嶴ͳмһɽ֮С
ɽСҳƯжİɽм䴣һʮɸߴɽ壬ɽĵײҶɷһĶڡ
ж޷ӽҶΧԶĵطһЩʿЩ취ܵв
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ջһһ߽ӲӵĿܣ嶴Ķڣֻɫ˫ĿһǾٲŶһ
Ҷգûʲô֮󣬱Ǹȥ˾ٲҶɵСܹͬʱסӤϹ֣һаʿԲҲǿġ
Ȼý󷨣Ǿ˵ˣԼҶͨΪҲò·֮ϣֻСĽߵøԶ
ڵͨ쳣谵ҶܹоĽƲӦǱƳĽƣҶȴûзκ˵Ϣ䲻Щɻ
ʶֻ֮ҪǾ볬һΧԼһܸӦκҵģ˵˵صĿռ便ж
صһ졣
ʱǰɫܺһȻļɫϣɫܵɣײϿͨˣզ˵档
ţͨɫĹ֣ɫܺĳѺۣⲻҶ˫ĿһС
ȻܶԻӤ˺˵صĽƣ治һ㣬Ҷɵ裬ȻûпǺֽơ
Žƺ˿ƣǲƴԱġҶ˵Ż̧һ㣬ɫϼһͬˮתһѺۿٵĻָš
漴һһڳֶٵǰȥڻ谵ͨһֱͨײܵһѺۣɽ΢΢ֱûõĹ򣬴ƱǱǿƻ
״Ҷɾٲ̤ͨȥȻǰ̽·ڽͷʼգҶҲûԳֹ
ͨһս֮ʣҶƺʲôȻüһҪ˻ΣţֻǰһȻһӴĵʯ֮С
󣿲ԣǴŲƣҶ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻ֮ڣȻݵ
俴ǰһĻʱǴݵϣ¶԰֮ɫǰһԲɵľ޴̳̳һƬѪأѪ֮УϰٵӰУһɫ԰ף˫ĿգκҵӰҲС


587 Ѫ
̳Ű˸̻һι״ķģѪ˵һԪ͸˸󻺻ڰ۳һѪɫ
Ѫɫ֮У̺һֲּЩϢǹ棬Ҷƺоһ˿΢Ϥо
ѪڽٵӰʿϢȫޣʿֻʣ²ʮˣʣһ˿΢Ϣ
Ѫ룬ĵӰԼһԪӤѪڣȥϢɫ԰ףӤʿΪߵģҲǻӤ۷Ĵڡ
ˣ㣬Ҳץˣʱκ˫ĿһЦĿҶɣ˴˿̣϶Լ³Ҳû̫Ŀ־塣
ӤϹۿ˿Ҷɣе¶֮ɫеϧҡҡͷЩͬӣϾڼ˿ҶҲһӤڴڣǻӤԲλֲڵϣҲӵ
ô£Ҷһ䣬漴˼̳ܲõĽƣѰ׼ˣɫޱȣ˿Ҷɲˡ
ǺǣҲһ˺ֲܿĹŹֹҵȴδ󷨽ҲǷǳ
ǸմɽãϡͿıѪ֮ڣˣӰɣ˺ֲ֮ܿǰӣһбǱ˴κϴŵǣ˵
ʱҶɷּ̳ܵĽƣЩݶƪϵһֲ֣ȫͬԼͨʵƽ֮ҲƳ
ɫż̳һӽǱһѪɫ˳˽ȥ۽ɫκѪɫ֣Ҳ޷ƻֺ
״Ҷɽ𣬵ʼֻһϵ
λѣȻϷĽƣһġ䣬һŻۣĿߣҶɵǰѪ˼ߣ¶֮ɫ
Ŷ֪ʲô˵ģΪνҶĳסҶɫȻĿߣ˲һӤԲʿ
Ǻǣ֪λǸµѣ½ȥǣߵĻشҶɲе̫⣬ѪеˣЩԾڿֲߵı֣֪ΪζҶ˿
Ҷĳ˵ʲôصӢۣҲǼȵСˣǰ鱻ȺߣҲҪ˴ȥ
˲к飬ҲӦøһЩ۵ġҶɫһ˵һŭ⣬֮һ˿Ѫɫâ
˿Ѫɫâ۽һϴżֲ죬¶˼֮ɫ漴ǻָ
λѣΪͬףҲҪ˵̫ƴм֣ҲһӵóϷ󷨡
ǵѿԾʹ˰֣Ϸ͸һЩôһͨ鱦Լһܲ
ټһڻӤĵ鵤һֿ޻ʱ׽֮ĿٵĵֻҪ뿪Щ㶼ģΣ˵
ԣҶɺȻ˫ĿһУԺмתƬ̺ҶЦЦòһǧǰڴݳۿٵĽʿɣ
ףϵϷӦ֪µƷ½ۣ֪γƺɫһ˵
ٺ٣Ҷɣԭǽ۵ѣԸˬΪֱǿٵĵҶĳˣ˵ǵЩԨԴ鵤ĵҶĳҲС
ͨ鱦Ҳȱٵģ˵ͨǿҶĳҲ²ȥֵġ˵껰˿ԶѪأʲôа
ǵβִܲ£üͷһʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦִ£ٺ٣ƺ̫ܣ㵱ƣȴˡҶɻʱߺȻˣָһ㡣
ҶֻӿһХѪɫһ䣬ƺ֪
Ҷһߣȴû֣ڽͷ΢΢һͬ÷ųһһֶֻ˶ȥ
ӡ壿ߣ¶Ȼ֮ɫȴûʲô֮⣬˫ŰһŻɬѶĿھ
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״Ѫɫ䣬κҼæãˣѩɱֲϹɱС
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ߵĻû˵꣬㶵ĳֻͣҶһ죬ȻƽȵĽסʮƬѩ˿ûгĸо
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ʲô㣿㾿ʲôˣ㲻ǻӤʿɫ䣬оޱȵĿҶɣ漴̧һ㣬ѩ۳һֻɫѩҶײȥţ߱ż̳󷽵ͨɶݶȥ
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ֻǺʱһãҶɵǽԺ󣬿һֱҶҲûеʱ䴦顣
ӡ쳣֤϶ڸҶǣԼǰæ֮䣬ȻûзκϢ
ٻŮӣӦþУҶʵڲܾʹ˲ܣȥ׷ߵģһľٻжһ̣ͶһΣա
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ǣƷŻ꣬ˣúүƷһȣһЦ֮ѪɫС˼״ɫ䣬æԶɶݶȥ

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һṦһֻ֮ԭֱߴСѪɫȴǻΪһѪޣɢâѪ顣


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ǣ˿۳һѪ飬ɢĽâɵ΢΢һ㶣о̺˼ֲϢ
Ҷüͷһ壬Ѫϣоһʶĸоʵ벻ǺϢ
Ƭ̣ⶫаҶɱȡһֻƿѪɨɨܿռ䡣
ѾѪ˳Ӥڣʿ˳ϢȫޣĲˡ
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ĬãҶаٰζٻԺҲˣһᱣ㣡Ҷ˵껰ֱӷųػſڣԼһ˦
ವһһɫ󶦳ְգ֮ºȻһ棬ҶɵһʮҩȺ붦ڣʼ˵ҩ

ʲô⣬ôܣһ侲ڣκ˫ĿĿԶƺЩŸող
̰֮֮Уıκҿ૵߶ţ˼ԣκβġ
˾ǹˣˣ̰ڹԣ»Ѫֻ֣֮Լ©ɼ
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ѪҶɵȻûģȴǼʩչǵõԼıﶼۻʳܼ£ǻĽڤ齫סġ
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ȿȣ⣬ʲôطҶ˼֮ʣһڴϴ˳


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κң˷󲻹ǲٻǰһæ㻹еãЩҩȥɣӦ㹻ӤԲˡ
滹һЩԼܲͨΪ⴫ˣֻˣԾͲܴˡҶ˵Żκһֻ
κҽӹȻһЩﲢǺܸȤǼౣĶһЩҲһ鵤ʮš
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ţһâҶɶͷڼڰջۣγһɫ֯ɵĹš
һŤ֮󣬺ȻһǣĻΪһ˵ȥģģȻԷֱĳ䳤ȴҶּ֮
Ҷɶͷڷɳɫ˿ԽԽ࣬ǵɫӰҲԽٳҲǸӵĽӽҶɣֻǣ˿Ҷɵϣȴ¶԰֮⣬ͷҲ˶ĺ飬ƺǳӡ


592 εı
˰£ɫӰҲûгʵٿȥЩģҲر
ҶɿȴһƺߣɫһףɫӰصһɢΪâҶɶͷ֮ڡ
Ҷɲ԰׵¶Цҡͷʵ޷۳ʶˣսʱ򣬵ҲûôԱϣҶЩƣϣĸֳЦ⡣
Ҷ˫ĿһգϢ£Ϣ֮󣬱׼һЩ鵤ԼƳЩһգڴԪ۹ȡϣԼ͸κʹࡣ
˵ûв޷鵤ǶԻٻЩģڻĽװľڵҩֲ꼸ù⣬ҲֻڷռժȡһЩҩˡ
˵ⷮռ䣬Դӽ׺Ҷɻһֱûü鿴б仯͵Ҷ׼еʱȻɫһ
ٻȻſڣôҶɻ˵
δ䣬ű򿪣ٻ߽ңֽŴϣһľ֮ϣ֮Уһɵ㴫ƺǰǰŨһΪҲǻָ˻ӤԲ
ҶɿȹٻӰٻϣƬ糺죬Щܿıס
Ҷɸ磬ٻؼҿɣҶɲ֪Իٻ˼֮ʣٻһҶһ
뵽ٻֿܶڷʽƽԹ˸Уζû뵽ٻͬûһ㡣
ң˵㸸ײˣҶҲἰٻǻȻһε飬װ֪ӡ
һĻ꣬ʱĳƲƲ죬Ȼ˶˵ĶԻ˺ٻʱһαǣүһһĺú
һתɿȿȣ룬ʱǺúӣ˵ĻԼš
ٻ֪ԼҶɵĻش𣬾ɲ˵ѵҸ׳ʲô飿
ǺǣٻصģƹҰɽڣںܰȫˣôȻܵȪݣʦأǲɽʦͽһ𣿡ҶЩɻʵ
ԣٻ¶ŨŨŭɫ漴תһֿ̹ĵĺ⣬ȴǳһĪıˣⲻҶɸɻȴûдţĵȴٻƽ
գ˶׵˴Բ֮ȹһΪʦɽǰԸǿǰ飬ڳٻ
Ҷϸʱüͷؼʱ̣ȻʲôɽʦͽȻ¶ҶɵĻ˵һ룬ȻǾԼЩͻȻտڲԡ
ٻһŭʱʦ˵ܵһ˿ٻȴ᲻һ˿ԣֻĿء
˵ŻٻȻˮֹסҶ̾ϢһĻٻļ򣬵ȴһԵķŭ˫Ŀкâ˸ǻٻڳѰ
ٻһᣬ϶ĵ֣ٻӵʱʦȻڣٻȻֲܳ϶Ըǿ
ٻߣû뵽ʦȫٻĸܣĻϲʦȰ˵ɽǰҲһȰҡ
ʦ˵˫һԸЧû࣬˵ҶѾ״Բʦ˵˫ݷʽõΪһЩ
ɽǰҲͬʦȰȰңʦҵԣȰҺһ󣬺ɽʦͽˣվ￴Ϸ
˵ٻϺȻ¶һɱˣڶ˷ɾʱʦȻһöһöηһ˿伤
ֻǵæҲ޷ȷλãŲƣٻ㱻͵˶򣬵ʱԲѡ
ٻڼߵʱ򣬺ɽʦͽȻʦ޷ֵʦȻԱԪӤˡء
ٻһοƲסҶٻԣĻٻ磬ɫͬʱҲЩȻ֮ɫ
ǳªƽʱװͰ͵ģԴӾȻƴһĵıٻԼȴʧȥһ˿Ļᣬǻǿ֪ѡҶɲ֪ΪΣͻȻ˼
ٻ󣬱ǷָһЩԱڸϢڱɽʦͽ׷֣һǳعЩҩʿϣٻǴ򷢵ǸŵŻӤϹ֡
ٻûȫָ޷ֿһʩչĴѪ֮Ҳ֪ʲôطٴλԡ
֪ǵطȪݣһĻʿһٻΪԵֿ־羹Ȼ䵽Բ
˺ļˣձǽϹץߣֱ߽ʦߣսһջǱץ嶴ҲֻٻĴ˵һ顣
Ҷԣǿ⣬ԻٻΪߵŮӣԪƣ˫ҲΪЩ洦ǲ̰ͼٻɫǵһһֵҩѣ˭ҲŹ
Ŷץߣ֪ΪΣҶɿǲȡԪһȡ˾ԪѪҶҲǲ֪ιʡ
Ҷɸ磬ɼǸħһĻߣٻȻһ˵
˵ۣ˵ڳ֮ʱ˵Ĵţǿٵĵǳġ
Ӧһǧǰֿ׽ޣŽΪԸˬƷ
ҼʩչĹӦòǽ۱ˣƺǱ˶ᣬǱںϣΪĹԨӦϹаż֮˲ŻаҶɻ
ٻоĵزҽ£˵һα׷ɱˣӵ嶴̰һ֮ʱ治֪ĹŻ꣬ںϡ
ﲻæֲҳ˽ۣǹŻƺҲûʵնɱ˫мɵ
ǼҲǽ֮ûģʱĻ֪ԼˣѾ޷ռȨȻΨǴӡ
ǵŻҲһֱûɱڽ۵꣬ҲɣӴ˹ŻǲĴץѪأݶûжⱻ˻ɣץ˶ȥԶһЩޡ
Ѫڽ˵Խ࣬ԽߣٶԽ죬ΪμɹѪһа˵⣬ڹؼʱ̣ԪѪѪسͨƿ
Աʿϵʿһδδܵ嶴ʧܣһȺӤϹͶѪأѪ
Ӧһͨų˽ܷ꣬壬ԭ޷ļƻٻҲΪɣʵû뵽ȻĽٻЩ
ҶҲǸ̾һ˵ҲСһĹֻЩ޴һŻףܷŹġ
ˣ֪ǹŻ֣Ƿ˵껰Ҷɻ˻ĽںϺϹǵŻꡣ


593 
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ǿҶɳҲǹż֮ˣ˵ǰԨǹżа޵ĴӪ
ƹǿӳһƲл꣬зӡʲôУͬԼǧпǰɫһ㣬ǽӡ
߾ǹż൳ԨżҶ£֪żҳԺھûг֣ȻҶɸоǰߵļҪһЩ
Ҷɸ磬ʶǹŻ𣿡ٻЩ˵
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żа޹Ż굹ǽӴ书Ҳ̹ΣȷֲˣˣżѸҲõʲôҴɽڣ·˳Һɽʦͽ㱨𡣡
һᵽɽʦͽٻɫ˲Щ԰ףдŨŨĺ⣬Ҷɰο˼䣬ٻƽϢ
һᣬ˵һЩ£֮ǰҲʧ˷·˻ٻ֮ǰΰ顣
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˿ȥо΢˫֪Ҳû֮£Ҷ˫ĿյϢţٻʱʱĿҶɡ
Ҷɸ磬ҵ𣿡ٻһ䡣
ԣҶ΢΢һЦֻҪǻڴݣźܿͿҵٻصģһΪʦġ
ǴԲʿܴǣаջɱ𣿡ٻɻʵ
Ǻǣʱ㶯֣а취Ҷɲû˵Լͨ顣
󣬶ݱԵһǳأǼγǣ˵Ҷɲİһݵʱ򣬱ڴǳݷꡣ
Уһջס£ڶһ磬Ҷɱ뿪˿ջȻԻٻΪڴ˵ԱҶɻǽɫ˻ٻߡ
һʱ󣬼γǳҶɵӰУһߣϹϾĿҶɣ
ʹߣ֪ϷкʱΪЧͣǼγǵĳͣҶ˻𾪲ѣСطʹ߼ٳֵġ
Ի壬֪ͨгǳأȫѰҺɽϹŵص㣬䣬֪ͨңҵĴŷҶ˵껰Ƕһöŷ
ǣϷ֪ͨгݸɳԼдŷһûлû˸ҵݵĳ
Ҷ뿪Ҳûڴ˵عය·أ·һЩֱߵ̯Խ̣Ҷûһۡ
Ҷѣ㣿ʱһȵ
ԣҶɻͷȥֻһӴĳ߳ҶɼЩ죬˼Ƭ̣ڵѣ
£Ҷòǰᣬĳٹ꣬¾ͱͷˣҶɺ׽
ҶɶӡҲǺܺãϾԼݣʶĵһˣԼİΣԼγǡ
ֻ꣬꣬һΪȴͣԲ֮
ѣ겻ΪˡҶЦ
˰ɣҿ͸Ϣ㲻ɻӤϹ˰ɣʲôڵЦǺǺõ˵
ҶЦЦҲ𣺡ѣһȥһ
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Ҷѣγǣ֪ܴãҪʲôϣĳȻûн׻ӤҲʶһЩӤϹ֣һЩʿ٣ĳֱ档ҫҪҶɡ
ҶɻһЦȺȾƣһ̸ɣҶûһʱ䣬ɽڣݣȪݣطܵͣ㣬ǰһδˣ鵹ҲǷࡣ
ѣһֻûҵӤ䣿Ҷʵ漴бյ
˵ףĳѾˣܹﵽ˾磬ҲˣѵҶлӤϢһ䡣
ҶЦҡҡͷ˼Щŵ飬Ҷɽһ飬ҶҲǽԼŵľһЩƽĽȫԣɼҶɸоѾƽ飬Ҳýζʱ¶ݡ
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ڶһ磬ջͬϴһ㣬иҶɽ˼ʿҶɱӴڳҲû˵ʲôӦˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷɵ˼һһҹ˸ոȥҶ׼Ŀ
Ȼüһһ֮£һöŷУҶɿݺϻֳЦ
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ڶһ磬ٴҶɣҶɸ֪ԼЩҪ뿪˵ϺʱŻлγǡ
Ҷѣ̶̼ʱҪ뿪ҵȸոϤλʶġ˵껰Ҷɶʱоͷʹ
ǺǣԺлѣһ𣬲֪ʱټмֵҩЩ洦
м˵ܲ󣬵͵ɡҶ˵껰һֻ漴ٻľڣ漴뿪˿ջ
Ŷ˵ıӰ̾ϢһҶѵǸˣϧˣܶʶλͬԱϣҡҡͷ
ԭΪҶνļƷҲ޷Ǽи߽鱦һЩָĵҩǵأԼƷ֮ȴ𾪲ѡ
һ鱦һͽͨ鱦һŻӤʮ鵤ָĸ߽׵ҩһƿ
㶵Ŵ𾪲ѣͬΰĿŴҶɵռʱ򣬶Էó˶֮ԼҶƽཻѾԻ
ķӦҶɲ֪˵Ҳ֪˿̵ҶٻˣոͨγǴʧ˽ǵĳ֮ϡ
ʲôˣͨƣʱ򣬴ҸĿҶɣƺһֲԣҪֵӡ
ԣҶҲᣬֱȥХҶ˵껰ٻЩȻ֮ɫĿޱȵķӦ
ʹߴ룡һҶɣųĳȥ
Ҷɸ磬ǲҪȥɽڼҸ𣿡ٻԣ֪ΪҶɺȻԼʹ˳Ĵæĸǡ
һ֪ˣҶ΢Ц˵
Ҷѣ겻룡ʱһŻ۵ӣĳӭ˳϶Цݡ


594 ƻ
Ҷѣϴθ߼飬ǶˣԺ⽹Ǳʵֵ֮࣬Х΢΢һЦ˵
ˣˣ˵ɽʦͽڽǳֳֹ֪ܷæ̽һ¾䣿Ҷ˵껰ԵĻٻŭһ
ɽʦͽţǽƺ׼뿪ȥʲôΪǺ˴ָԼƵ鵤ХҲЩ˵
֪һγʲôطҶɼæһ䡣
ӦסڶӪջ̹ĵҩûУ»ûнӵ֪ͨХ֪ҶΪĺɽ顣
Լӵ̽ɽ䣬ҲԻ崫ģ֪ҶɷģȴҲʱעźɽĶ
Ȳ˵ҶĳһҶ˵껰ŻٻųȥżӣХһ㶣ʼֻ˵˼仰λŮӻûüܣҶɾæȥˡ
Ҷɸ磬ȻЩ飬ΪβǣٻЩʵ俴ʵûаնԸɽʦͽϾǺɽʵɲһЩսײõĴԲͬϱ֮УɽʵҲһ㡣
Ҷֻ΢΢һЦûж˵ʲôٻХĵַȥ̣ûҵɽ˵ʱȥ˶Ӫջͬûзֶ˵䣬ҶɱǴŻٻų׷ȥ
ٻ֮ȥѰҼֲϣܷҵҶܹõͨЩҶ׼˼ǴٻĴһ
ϾԼʵٻûʲôģʵҪĿģѰҶƻ
һǿԼ϶УҲֻ˪ִҶֲϺľѡ
Ҷ뵽ǹսɹţΪڹսɹݣ̽Ҷ䣬ֻǿϧѰҶûнֻܷ
ȥٻһϲҶͬĴǻٻһֱŵģ˿ҪʵֵʱЩƺȱҪϵ˷ܡ
ɽʦͽҴȥսһ򡣡˵꣬ҶɳŻٻ΢΢һЦ˸պŸҶҲÆ£ֱ
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ʼû̫Ҷɣ֮󣬵ɫһ䣬ĵμʹߴˣɽʦͽո뿪аʱЩ⣬ΪڶˣҲǷԸмӣںɽʦͽ֮ʱϢ
ĸ򣿡Ҷʵ
⣬ǣָһ
Ҷɶ˵һٻ֮󣬱ԶȥٶȲûзɵ̫죬ֻǻٻȴЩɲֶ٣ԼԴﲻģһǴԼԼķѷС
ҶɸĶ棿Ȼô죿ٻ֪ҶɽףҲоĳֶٿ϶ﲻ˵ͨǰֲ
ǺǣԺٻҲԴﵽġ׷˰ʱҶɺȻ˫ĿһУоӰ
ҶҲ̫ףϾ˵׷ֻʱ⣬żŻٻңԶĺɽˣ׷ȥ
ʵҶȫ˴׷һٷĹɽʦͽľ룬ֻʣ˶ңҲﵽͨڹΧֻҶɲûгֻ֣ϹŵЦ

һƬԭϿգɫӰڶš
ʦȷлɱǿЩɲ˵ԴʦӴһ֮󣬾ƺʲôƻԼȴǲ֪顣
ԣɽϹЦЦôףֻѰһѣǿҪǰɱΪʦõŵȴãǶ֮Ӧòġ
ϧٻȻܵˣϧʦãȻڴ˷ƻ±ߣĹǵĻ
ʦҲȫֵӵģҪǻٻǸеҶɣͱͽƭˣϴѾ¶Զֵõٻ
ʦǰƫҪȰ˵ٻԸкôʵѾ̫ں˫ݴĺôֻʣһ£õڻ˫Ŀһ˵
ߣСӣʦҪΪʦǿͱҺҲᱻҵõʦáɽ̾Ϣһ
˵ΪļƻӵغϾԼĵӣ˵ͬҲΪԣɽֻܽݺԹӵǿϡ
ףϢʱɽȻһ䣬漴һͣƺоʲôתź󷽿ȥ
ǻûиӦʲôɻͣסΣҪѯ֮ʱҲȻ۽һ漴ֳЦ
ʦǣ벻ɣҪɽڣȻײǣ⣬ȻЦ˵
ͬʱԶ߳ݹ⣬źɽ˼ɽǰ˷ܣֲԤС
ҲǴԲĴڣȻܹǣԷȻܹǵģ˵ǵһ뷨ӦӣǼɶײɽ̼֮Ƿʲô
ʦˣǶ˶ǻӤԲܿǲẦǵģǿ޷ǣ߻ûġ
Ҷ޷ԸԸٻǼˣһЩյģΣһԹŮܵȻΪʦԿ·ߡݵ˵
ϣ˵ɣԴҲֻܳЩͷˣٺ٣ɽȻҶɻԼĶ֣֪ΪΣľ飬Ǹһֲĸо
Ҷ죬ԼǶֵĻ߻ǲģǿѵܳԽǿԼֻ˼ǧ
ʵĳԼҲߵĻᶼûУΪ֮ͬУɽûܹвԼˣǿҲǻԼѡ
ٺ٣λȻԼˣѵǲɽϹֿҶɶǰɵ˵ڻٻϴת
ٻݹһͣ˫ĿŭɫЩ԰ףҶ΢΢һЦҶĳȻĲǣԶˣ


595 Ҷɳ
СӾͽˣԸѾͷɽϹ˿ҶɣͷҲصĳ˵һ
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ʱҶɺȻһ˦ವһһѺɫһĺȻҶɵͷ
飬նɱɽϹ֣սپҶɻ䣬ɽЩɻ֮ʱȻֺڽ΢΢һ
һ
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ʵͨ£ҲĶ֣һṦ򣬱ǴɽĲҽС
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Ĺ鲻ģȥƴһ£ֻһĲҽС
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һŲƷɢĿâΰ嵱ģһɹɿռ䲨ɢҲ֪׼ŲƵδ
ˣҶɣǵţһ죬ģѾģٻһɫҪֹȻѾ
ٺ٣Ϊ㻹𣿡ʱҶ΢΢һЦ֣ңңһץ
һ֮ɫŲƷһϣֹģûĸӤԲʵʦҲ
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㣬㣬ռ䷨֮ǡĻû˵꣬ŲƷȻһ۵һȼ
ţһ֮£иֶɫ԰ףɫޱȣһ޷֮ɫҶɣƺһ㡣
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״βЩǺɽ㿴˿̵ĺɽѾˡ
һҶһԸһֽУϯɫȥڷӦųֿϱǺɫ
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㲻Ҫ𣿲Ҫɱ𣿵ζԴٻģգҪʮҶ˵꣬ת׿˿ٻ
ٻԶ֣Ҷʵ
ԣٻ˿ԺлյһĻĻζԼԼʦεĲ
ٻ¶ŭݣһΣһѵɫУ漴ٻĸ
ıʦұԣһҪѩޣһǸһ㣬벻㾹ȻĺٻһĲϣͬһ㣬׼Ҫն¶Է׼
ԣһ漴оâһϹ֮ɫҡͷ̾ϢٻҶԲ㣬ҪɱҪ㴦á
ȷʵаҲΪʵ̫ϲ㣬ĻǴ㱻Ҳűʦ˵ȥ顣
Ǵ棬ǰʦԸǿȥסʱҲûȫ˺㣬ᱻüƽҴˣ
ٻĻк⽥٣бЩ뿪壬״һУΪ̫ϲ㡣
ֻҪõ㣬һ𣬵Բκ˺㣬ԼҲӲẦ㡣ҵȷü¶˵û˺ʦͽ˼ͻȻɴǰ˺ܾãҼ㣬ңҡ
ϣҲ޺ˣٻְɣ˵껰ϴŨŨЩʧĻٻԡ
৵һ
Ȼ䣬кһһѪɫذ׳У漴Ǽ˻ٻĲϣʧеĻٻûзӦ
ˣҲңΪֻίһˡһץסٻ磬ֻץذףڻٻĲϡ
ߣСӣͨЩ죬ֻҪЩ춯ұɱԱҲҪݺݵ˵漴˿Ҷɡ
״Ҷһֻƽϣ¶ŨŨŭ⣬ٻĵܻŹԷȻ˱޳ܣ䣬Ҷɵ˫Ŀ˸ĺâɫޱȡ
ٻвңҶ˵ŻȻ˻ٻ֣ңңһץ
ٻʼնû˵һ仰ֻϵĺ⣬ٴεĸֳҶƺҪ֣һذһٻĲϣһ˿ڣѪ͸
Ҫһ壬ĳԱͬھֻҪӦŹңһʲô⣬á˵һ룬Ȼɫ䣬һ˲̣޷˿ԼӤʦ֮ʱҲûй˿ֲĸо
Ҷƻһ̧建ɵգţ˫Ⱥ׵ıѶΪѪ
Ҷ¶ѪЦݣ˫Ŀâ˸ٻвҶĳٺ٣һҶЩı飬ȻоһëȻĸоָоȫԽ˶Ŀ־塣


596 Ű
ҶɿŰк޷֮һֲϢͷŶһ죬дһ־޴ѹ
·Ļٻɫһףĵϵ˿ƺҲˣ㶵ĿɫҶɡ
ޱȣ˿ﻹ֪ܲҶɵһϢѾȫԽԼ֪Ѿ϶ҶɾԲǻӤʿ
ɫޱȣʧȥ˫ȣҲ·֪һ㣬ֲǣԪӤҲ޷ɳ⡣
Ҷĳ˵ٻвңһۿԼһȥߣԱϣҶ̧һ㡣
ݣ
һɫ˿Ҷɵָ⼤Ⲣʲôͨǵͨڷ۶ɣ漴ûֱۡ
۵һ
һѪѶĿţԼʧȥһֱۣɫһ԰ףϴ˺ѷΰľʹŴͣȴһҲԷ
ţһֱ۱ѶѾľĿ־壬ĥͶѣҶǱ֮ʵı飬Ī֪³ԼһٸӣҲԲǻٻٻ
ڵһ
ֻʣϰ壬·Ȼһ棬˵ΪʿԶˣȻҲǷ𣬽ǿƤҶƺ̵ֲֶ֮Укâ˸ϴŲ̵Цݡ
󣬻ٻЩȥҪڵʱʣµϰ壬ȻһѶԪӤȴǰȻȻҲΪ֮
飬ҶЦ˵
ֳûмһ֮ɱ̫ˣֶγƵϺҶɱֱͬСһ㣬ŵû겻塣
Զĺ飬ҲЩҶɵֶΣЩë˵ԼԸԪӤ
Ҷɵı֣ЩɫĿ˿Ҷɣȴûиҿ˵ЩʲôһѽԪӤץУһڿڵľ׽δڣȴǱŵûȥ
ҶΪеˣ˺ҶĳߵˣвҶĳˣԲк³ߣҶɵޱȣ·ֲ굱һ㺮Ȼı
͵Ҷת׿ٻʱеĺâɢɫָƽͣĬãҶ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ȥһЦݡ
ٻôˣҶɷֻٻЩɫԲ԰ףǸٻԣֳŻٻ۵Ĳһǵ˿ڱʧ
ûûʲôҶɸ磬ղſЩˡٻһ˵
Ǻǣ˶ѣΪ˸㱨˵˺ˣһʮģ߰ɣȥһɽڼ㸸ףȻȥսѰҩҶ˵껰ǷųɫۣٻȥͬһЩﴢǱҶ
һȥսһٻȤƺǰ飬ҶҲΪԼֲ˺Լ
Ҷɸ磬սûеĻǲǻҪȥĵطٻ΢΢һЦЩڴ
ǺǣȻһ취ҵǼҩġҶЦ˵漴ٻһᣬǸԴ
Ҷ˫Ŀһգüͷһ£ǰһĻܸоԼֶЩڲ̣ʱȴ޷һ㣬Ҷһ˿
Ҷɲ²⣬пԼ׻Ӥ֮һ·׼ʱ̫̣ľȣһԸ˺ٻĵˣҶҲȻ
ҶɻǾãԼӦһúñչһһΪľԤ֮顣
ٻѴԺʱʱ͵һҶɣҲǳ׷ñʦ䣬Լֻʣ˸ףȻǰҪҶɡ
һºҶ·ǣֻʶɨһ£漴üͷ΢΢һ壬ɢޣԼлӤȫۼ˳ڡ
Ҷûʲô˼䣬ٻȻڵҶɸ磬ٻݣȥɽڿʦ᲻᲻ˣ
ٻȻԼʦһ׷ɱǿģЩģһԼȥˣ᲻Ҷɴ鷳
Ǻǣٻ赣ʲô㣬ʦ޹أҴȥɽڣû˻ΪġҶһ΢Ц˵
ҶɺȻ˺ɽϹ֣ΪȻĺȴҲͬªһ㣬ΪԼͽܣԸԼҲҪͽߡ
ٻи߽ͨ鱦ҶɺȻʵ
ǰУ綼ȥˡٻЩʧ䣬¡
ҶɵһһֻУڵǧнʯ߽ͨ鱦ͨ鱦ԼѡʺЩ
һЩ߽׵ҩԼõķΪֻһ鱦ıʵ˵ȥ
Ҷ˵赭дٻȴһıԼʦҲ޷õó
֮£Ҷۺ΢Цһ֮£ٻҲ̹ȻϾ˿ҪǾܾˣ¾Եˡ
ӹ󣬻ٻһЦҶɸ磬ͨΪ˰ɣǽٻĺÿ࣬ʼĲǺɽʦͽĶء
ǺǣҲǲ̫ҡԾΪȽЩһɣʶӡǶѾĨˡҶ˵껰ٻһЦʼ˼
Ҷ˫ĿһգٴδϢʱĹȥٻҲǽȫϣԼĴ뵤֮ڡ
º󣬾ڶ˿Ҫӽɽڴ͸ʱҶɺȻ˫Ŀһм⣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣
һֱҶɵĻٻҶɫɵ΢΢һ㶣ͨΪʲô飬ܹ¶ֱ飿
Ҷɸ磬ôˣٻʶɨʲôҲûз֣ɵһ䡣
Ҷɵʶ֮ǻٻԱȽϵģɫصɽڣпܳˣ˵꣬һߣ۲ɵüӿ˼֡
ΪǰҶɷ˴͸⾹ȻһˣֵصӶûУڴ͸ĸȴǳ˼ɽڻӤڵӵʬ塣


597 ŷХ
ҶɫЩأæٻݳۣ漴Ϣһɽڷ򻺻ȥ·ϣʱĿɽڵӵʬ塣
Ҷɸ磬ɽǴţô£ٻɻ˵
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ԣٻ΢΢˵ͷҲ֪˶ãҶɵΣͣٻҶɵԡ
ȻҶɫص˵
˭ٻЩ֮⡣
ɹŵ˾ͽлԼԪųϹҶɸӦɽڵɽǰΧɹŵĵӣΪ͵ĶʿӤʿҲ
ɽڷȫɽеŴ󣬶Կɹŵӵ࣬ҲҴֺżҲˡ
ԶŷХȻս˾ͽлϹˣ˵ŷХǶ֣Ҳ˺ۣӦ嶯һж
һЩ󲻳˾ͽҲûʲô취ҪҲǶʱܹģЩ
ΪκȻɽڣҸסٻЩ
һȻɽڣȥŷţƺЩӣҲô¡Ҷ˵껰һݹһ𣬴Żٻɽɽŷȥ
ʱҶɿɲûٻԼɶݣ˵ԼͨڣɹŻӤʿˣһͨϹ֣һٻϣ»Σա
һṦҶɽӽɽɽŸ߰˰ٵɫӰΧɽǰЩѾע⵽ҶɣæҶɳ
ӤʿҶһߣһһɾϯӤʿΣǲĵɶ
Ҷһ·ֱײ̼ɹŵȺ֮С
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Χ̼ΧʮӰҶһĳƣһӤʿӰͬ߷һ㵹ɡ
ʲô⣬ôܣ
ѵͨϹ֣
˾ɲ֮䣬ҶȺ伸ȫĳһƣǰһһֻ޴۶ֱɽɽŷȥ
ҶɶݹŻٻڷ۳ƺ棬ǰֻ֮ҪӴֲƣ屬ѣ
ˣͨϹ֡
ͨϹ֣ҿˣһ
ԶŷХ˾ͽлԼˣҲǷߵĶ׷Ҷɿ˾ͽնˣûʲô̫ķӦŷХȴޱȣʵڲҶɺʱͨġ
ϿնɱŷϹȲҪСӣսײãʵһ㣡˾ͽлųպһţ˱ǸĹŷХǱһѪȻѾơ
޴Ʒѵɽڴ֮ǰ漴ͣסҶɵĿ£Ǹ߸߷ź󷽻ӤʿȺ֮һĶȥŵ˷׷׶
ҶʦܣҶʦ壬ĽͨˣˣҶֵľĶӳ㡣
Ȳ˵£Ͽ򿪽ƣٻȥҶɻ䣬¶ɫ򿪣ûԿס
ʱɽڲɳһӰӦϣֳһöŽƹһӣһл֡
Ҷɣǰ˵űճ޷أϣȥŽȻӦһɫ˵
úչҶɶӦ˵漴˿ٻٻԼս㲻Ҫ֣ȥȥͻء
Сģٻδ䣬ҶӰʧոսɽ֮󣬽ƹֱǻָٴαü
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һߣŷХ˾ͽлһȭɣѪɫ԰ףסΣϹ׼ȥ
ʱպȻһ٣ΪŷǰȻһɫӰҶɣס˳ա
Сӣּˣ˾ͽлڶ˷ɽڵĵطһվųգպýҶɶ˼м䡣
Ҷû˾ͽл˿ǴѪŷХڵŷţҶĳһʱƬ̣ӵûȥ
򲻿ɣսͨףͨ˵ûǰں֣֮ԽãʵԽǿκһ˶֣֮£лӻɽڡŷХȻҶɽף˿Ȼ̸ʱ
СӣôĿҶһʱƬ̣ûЩĺ壬Ϸ򶼴򲻹ɸҵϷ򶷷һ֮ԪЦ
ҶգŷţҶĳ˷ʱģûһİգҲģߣ䣬漴һץŷХǰ·˾ͽлһȭ
Ҷɵ֮ŷлȻ̹ģɲɵɵҶɱƴ֮һͬʱмһ䣬˲۳һָ
Ҷ˳ƽŷɽڷһƣʱʩչֵ鶯ȻѾ֮Ҷɵ˫һΣһɫƵǰ
صһ졣
߽ͨ鱦Ķơһݣ漴һɣصײҶɵϣβɵõ߰ԶſסΣɫȴԲ԰ס
ɳԶŷХԭЩģԶƵֵ鶯ȻвͨģƵĵ֮ײԼϣҲҪˣû뵽Ҷƺûܵʲô˺徿ﵽ˺̶ֳȣֲǰ˾ͽϹæҶɡ
ѵ֮ǰսŷХ˼֮ʣպȻŷХ׷ȻҶɸոסΣֻ°âһǳ˳ո漴һȭ
״ɫһ䣬Լû˾ͽϹǰǿᣬҶһȭҪЩƣ붼ĵɶȴǳŰһ㡣
һ
һֻɫ«΢΢һһſŸɰҶ¶ţһָ۶ɰȺĺҶɡ
ŷХѷɵɽɽŸǼһĻ֮󣬵ԼǱһд˵ģͨǿ߶ԸһˣǲϽԷʱһã˫ȭѵֵġ
ŷХ˵ɽǰȴûһɹŵӹԶԶƿȥͬ׶ֶս
ʦֿش֮Ҷ㣬㲻ܰȫǰװ𣿡Ӧϴһ
ҲܼҶֵܶ˹һ˵Ƕ֣֮ǰһ㣬ûӻĻᡣŷХü¶֮ɫƺֻҪҶΣգϾҪصӡ
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һ죬Ҷָ֮ѶһſŸɰĺϣÿһŶҪһԲϾǶͨ鱦ֲܼ
˾ͽлɽҶ֮䣬˻أԲҶӻȥңڼ㲻Ҳһӻȥ
ǰҶΪˣļŷХأʩչǧնֿ鶯ĻᶼûУֻǿһƣֿͨϹֵĹ֪
˾ͽл¶Ц֮ʣйϼɢȥҶӰʧȡ֮һͷɫǣźɫۼ׵ħ
һſֲܿĸɰȻֻħۼһ׺ۣۼ׶ûƿ˵Ա˺ˡ
ƼЩΣϾͨϹֵĹҶֻɫ԰ףϢЩ鸡ȴǲû̫ܵ˺ӡ
ʲô⣬ʲôȻԽ̬Ϲɫһ䣬ûб֮ǰֱӿֲ
ʱҶɻ̤ɽڷӽ˾ͽǰ漴ɫһ䣬Ҷɵħ˸Ӳҽӽֺ
ʩչֵء˾ͽлĻû˵ֻ꣬ҶɱȻֳһԾӨᣬ΢΢һ֮£ϯ
ವһ
ҶɵӰڶǰһޱȵٶ˹ȥɽڷȥ˵¶ݣЩ
ⱦ˲ûмֻǣǵϴûֲٶȣҲһ׼ûоͱҶӵⲻһָȻͣ


598 Σ
ҶɵĻع飬оյĽɽŷХɹŵδߣҲں󷽵
ɹŵĵӣȻںŴ󣬲ʱɽڴӦӳӭУɹŵĴ£һֱɽڵӴдػ
ɽڣڣ
ŷХǶһӣŵģҶɡ
·жʮˣΪ͵ĶǻӤ۷ڣɽڵ˵ǿеʱ򣬼ЩչزĹŶϣԼһЩĵӣҲòء
ЩȻʶҶɣЩһαչؾǼ֮ãҶɴɽڵڣʱ䡣
ȻΣʱ̣Ҳû̫оҶɵݣֻŽܹҶɽźѡˣʮĵ֮һ
˷صļĵӣһǻӤԲĴڣԭ֮λϢ֮󣬵Щ
һͨϹ֮λǻӤͬ޵еĴڣҲûݵ˵УҶѾδˣ˾ܵģڣҶɵݣҲŷХ˸ŵȨ
вûмƹˣΪҶɻȥľٻǰõһǲɽ֮ңҶɲ뽫Щǣȥ
ڼҶˣ븸ĸһ棬Ҳûü˵ʲôϾɽǿΧ˿̿ɲǶŮ鳤ʱ
ŷţΪβڣԴڣϾͨǿߣǷϣҲֻܱס޷սġҶʳɻ󣬶겻ѡ
ǶսŷХȻЩ⣺ҲգҲᣬʵ˾ͽлļơ
ɽڵˣɹŵĵӣ˾ͽϹ죬Ϸ˵ϲ˾ͽϹĶ֣Ҳڱնɱ
ԣϷǳӭսǳϹɹŵ֮УҸһ뿪ڴΧǱ˾ͽϹסǺȻ֣Ϸ档
ԭˣǰŷŵĻȻղμΧɽڣΪβԪĵӣҶЩɻ
ʽԣǵֿɹţɽڻǿһֱȥģϸʱ䣬Ҳûʲô⡣
ʱһãɹս⣬˷㳲Ҳɽ˴ѹһԷǲܳʱ䲻ȥɽڴӳԶ̫ΣգȻɹʵǿһЩҲ׹ɽڵġ
Ԫһ룬ɾͲˣʱɽڣɾͲǸ߽׵ˣӤڼһ浹ɽڿµʱֻʣ·ֻܱ֮򣬹ɽڣҲָտɴġ
Ӧ̾Ϣţ֮ǰԪûеؾΪɼʦս˾ͽл
Ϸ֮ǰѾӵϢԪɽڽԤƲòϰʱ䣬ͿԸϵɽˡ
ʲô
ԪҲˣ
ɽӦս
һɲȻǻ֪ϢҶüͷһ壬˻ûԼͲ˾⣬սѾ֡
ΪҪֹɽڣ֪ŷſҶһ䣬ͬʱ˼ŶԲߡ
ŷХ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷʵĿģϷǲϷĲ²⣬ֿܣһΪɽڶһͨӶʵϾ֮ǰųϢ˵ö㽻Ϸ
ڶɹԪҰ̫Ҫ̲ɽڣȶһסȻֿԺСҲų
ҶɳƬ̣ڵʦɽڣ
ԣɫһŷХҲ¶ɫͷʦȷɽڣڲǰ׵ֻ֮ͨȹ̾޷ء˵꣬ŷХЩɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
˵һֿԾʹһЩ֪ʦףɽʵ̫ǿԳڱ㿪ʼִѹҶɻ˵
ϷҲģϾʦײãһǿгضԵУܿΪ粻ץ׼ʱʵǰɽܣͳɹŵ˼ӡŷХ˫Ŀһе˵
ƣ֪ŷſʲôߣҶɺȻһ䡣
ԣŷţ·ˣҲҡͷЦߣھԵʵǰκεĲԶǰ衣
״ҶɳĬƬ̣ƺҪ˵ЩʲôȻܽһŻŵĻӤڵӡ
ˣԪѾǼͷ󷨣ûȫǰ֮£ǿ֧̫á˵꣬˲ͷ亹
ʲôôܣϷӵϢҪʮſܸϵ˵صģǳ׿ʱ´ࡣӦɫһŭ˵ȴ¶⣬ͬʱЩɻ
زˣѵ˸ǳصĴǶüƣǷɶݶǴĴ⣬ϢոմԷǿҶɿڵԼʱ䣬Ƕߣʹ˲ٴθǳصĴ
Ƭ̣ҶɵΪβǰ󣿡ԱϣҶ˫ĿһеĿ˿Ӧϡ
ԣӦһЦ֪Ȼ󣬵ĵʯҲһ֣ЩΣվǰܼģΪʧ𡣡
Ҳֻλų֣סǰˣɽЩˣס㳲ɹţǺޱɽڡһɫص˵
λſڣӦҡͷЦΪֻɽͨǿһλųֶԸͽףΪ϶Ӳ
иڣ߽׶սѾصģЩӤڵӣԹɽڣѾǸ߽׾ܽˣǵͽϵĲࡣ
⣡ǰӦϵ˼ǸǺã˵꣬ǿ˿Ӧϣ¶ЦĿλŵϡ
ţɽֻʣһشԪȻƽߣɽڣר󡣡ʱһӻŻŵ˽
ˣȳȥҲûʲôð취˵ӦԴȥ󷨡ŷХ˵꣬Ҷɶݳ˴˽
ɽܣΧǧˣɽǰͲ°ӤʿЩ𹥣ЩʩƽȻǾĲ߻á
һ󣬼Ҳҡҡ׹ƺʱᱻƿŷҶɵ֮󣬵üͷһ塣
ҶѣֻҺһ󣬲һЩʱˣֻҪʮʱ䣬ǿԼϡŷХ˵ҶҲûʲôõİ취ִֻܺͨۺķע룬󵱼Ǽ˵ҲƽһЩ
ڳ𣿲Ըʱ˾ͽлԶʩչ˹Ŵ
ոȹĽƹ֣ٴҡɽ˵ģҲٴŷХҶҲüͷһ壬׷׸о˲ϵĲ࣬ʵ̫
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óѣɽѣӲʱ޴Ų°˰˵Ĵƻֺɹźɱ
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599 Ťת
ߣϷ׽ɽڣ޴ĴϹɫһ䣬̼뿪ɽɽţ޵˷ȥ
޴İ˰ٶˣǻӤʿ󲿷ڣҲһС֡
ͨϹǿҪЩȫնɱҲǲܵ飬ӲҲܽϹߡ
ͨϹҪնɱһˣǿģֻҪնɱޣȺ֮£Ϲ׵ȫˣЩҲΪһɢɳ
͵Ϲһ˲䣬ҶݹһǷɳ׼գ˾ͽϹ׼ʩչ鶯Ҷ¡
ȼһᣬǵľȱϾ͵δ䣬ŷХҲǼųϹ׷ȥϴż֮ɫ
Ϲȷɵ޵˸һΣһ޽УŷХϵ֮ʱ޽ֱֶȥ
״ŷХɫһ䣬һͨϹֻҪ֣ӤڱԵֵοϹӺһ־ʩչ˴ͨǧնͨͬףҲӲӡ
ʱŷХһŭĹ˳ϹһĿĴﵽ¶ЦŷХսһ
ߣ޼ǧնǵһߵ𣡡
䣬ֻ޴Ķ飬ƺмйɣΧһӰһΣмЩӤϹֳŰһףһٶӤϹͬʱ֣ȥѵأƺһ㡣
һ
޵ͷϿգһʮɴСĽɫĻ޽նϣһ֮һŴĿըѶ
ֻ˫ʹϢһɢһЩʿѪеǶݹѳֲס׷׹¡
ɫһףоϢЩȣǻӤʿɫҲÿϼһڽɫĻֵס֮ʱ޽ҲܺľıѶ
״ɫЩµӣ漴ˣɹŵɱ˹ȥɽڵеǳӦ
ͨǿ߶սһԭŷʵڳ֮ϣֻûȫָֻǿֿסϹ
һߣҶɼﶼûã֮ս˾ͽлǰ˺üöӶٵķһ߶Ҷɣֻܴæ乥һΣǱҶ׽¡
ҶѣȻصţӳ飡ŷХЩֵסϹæĳһ֮󣬱ɽڷɶܶȥ׷һ󣬵һת˾ͽսҶɡ
ٺ٣ǣҶɿûԴ󵽿ԶսͨϹ֣ߣԷȴסҶɳһֱûʩչͨҲ˾ͽ߲ѣܸоԼûʩչͨĻᣬһ׷ܣƾʵҶɾԲǶ֡
ҶɿûϹŷХش󣬼ѽ֮ڣһЩʿɽڵĽӦ֮£󲿷Ҳ˳
ʣһСֵˣȻûнڣҲֻʱ⣬;ЩֻǴʱ˭ںЩ֮ˡ
˷ɽȼü֮ӦϹһЦڳ޹˹֡
ԣЦЦܵ򣬱ȻӲ˵꣬ǫѷһЦ
޴˷֮ˣ˵ﲻٹ֮ĻһȫСǳسܵɢޣԿԺɨĴκ
ֻĴŶͨϹ򣬿ҶͬһңƽʱҲల£ˮˮȻռоƣĴŵĳ̶ֳһ㻹ڹ֮ϵģϾͨϹ
ǵʱŷХҲò¼ӣ΢Цʽɽڣն񱨣룬ȥڵ̸
޵˵ͷտ˿һӣڵƽ˴ȫӦִܱ˹ơ
ǣ
۶ƽӦһӦ΢΢һЦһ죬һ࣬ٿӦ֣ԭҡβĽƹ֣ȹ
ŷХˣɽȥӦ붼ƽ˹֣ͬˡ
ԭżõӦϵǲżϾǴ̫ƾ֮£Ҳ޷ֻҪ༸СͽƣԱɽڰȫ
һɹԪƵȻ޴棬ƣһֱϣҲɽƽ˲ҷɣ˫ֲ¡
ɽڣŷХ˸һޱǿʵҶǰȻͨǿϲɺأֶһͨǿߡ
ʿҶĳոսףʵһ㣬ŷһᲢ۵ġҶ΢΢һЦ˵
СӾͱˣǶ½ɣɲһܹġŷХ޵
ŷˣҶĳǽʵĸʵҶĳɲλġҶǫһЦ
˻һ·ҲǷǸ߽׻ǵͽףɽڶɽҲɲ١
պҶȺ˸ĸһۣȥľ˿ƹˣֻлٻһǣҶɳµӡ
˿ҶʱŮ鳤ƹȰ˼䣬ٻ԰ģҶ뿪ľȥ
˿ŷХһֱڵڣ⼸Ҳʱʱһ˾ͽ˳֣ŷХ˱ȥսһ
ٺ٣˷Ķʣһȶס˾ƣΪҲûʲôӡ
սԼֲܣǻ𣬿¸սֻڵȴϢһЦ
һᣬҲӦõġ
ô˵˼ڱϾʣɲС˼ҡ
ʦܲСǸоֲȻʦûб˼Σ˷Ӧúúøлʣ⵹ʵ
ˣǲҪ˵ˣʴ˷ԺȻҪЩ꣬ȶڱȶԷҪ࣬ϸ꣬ҲԹɽڣԣ˾ͽϹò˶ñ᳷ߵġŷХ΢΢һЦ˵
۷׷ףڿ⣬ݹͣȻʴġ
ʱڴſһһľ֮ϣ΢΢һЦ֪λ˸ˣ
ǺǣڿʣüʱǵռƣǹһʱЧȻߵġһЦ
ԣüͷһ壬Ƭ̣ڵȻλѾռһƣΪβսҪɽڣ
ɽڣǴȥһ£ǵ˼ҴгߣǴȥһ¡
Ҵ˷¶˶ɹԪҲûӣԣǲ˷ᣬݺݵشɹţˣɽڣô۸ġ
޲Ϊһ֮ʣ˵ȷмְɽˣҲѪڣ׷׵ͷͬ޵˵
ҶҲûʲô߽Ѿپ¶ԷͽռϵƣȷֻŷХϣ¶һ˼֮ɫ


600 ת
ЩףȻԻشɹţҲҪۡŷХ˫Ŀһе˵
ԣҶɳƬ̣ڵŷţȻǻдۣԻɹŵĴ۸һ˫ߣֻ׷ɹţΪԪȥǣ
˵е
ϷҲͬ
һŰţܶԷʧ٣Ϸ뿴
սɺһЩƽɣʼ׷˵սɻǱȽ϶ģһκһ£ϵҲ˵Ըйء
Ǻǣŷŵʧ̫޿ʿɽڸɣȻͨϹ֣ҪͷλˣǺݺݵشȥʵЩɽڵ档ɫһ˵
Ȼ޶˵ˣһЩվϹŶҲҡϾûжֻౣɽÿһ˵ȫ
ŷХ˼Ƭ̣ƺҲҲԵɣڵȻ飬ϷҲûʲô֮⡣
ȻǱ㲻óȻ֣ҪϵżȻоƲߣȡݺݵشɹš
ãӦϵ˻Ǳúðһ¡΢΢˵ͷӳһԿüһ
һʱ䣬ҶɣŷХӦϣԼŶϴɽڣޣ̸սƻ
˿ʼҲ׷ף䲻ͬ⣬ϾɽŶ϶˵ϻֻһˣ˵һ˴ι֮ſǴͬ
ɽκһ±ֻܷӣ򶨵ѹ֮նףΪ޴ľ䡣
ƽɽڣҲֻܷɽΪѵǸСĸҷˮͶɽڣִ߲ֻܰѹ֮ﴦ
ȴǲһȻžԵȨһЩŶĳϣ˵һЩһȨģǴ󲿷ͬսŷХ治һͬ޵
ŴλŷХҲǿϴ˵㣬˵ʱ̫СģһζֻƽɽˣԺùǿǰ㲻ɽڹɹš
̸£˰֮ãҲûƶһüƻҶɱǿ˿һֱû˵ޡ
ʣȻʼսӦЩõİ취ι֮ñʲôõ˵Ҷ˵꣬ҲǽĿ޵ϡ
Ȼ䶼ʳһȨɽڣһЩϹŶ𣬻û̫˷ϡ
˵ʵЩϹŶ˵һ˾ܻޣ㲻УҲ䣬޵ȨҲϵȨˡ
ԣʼһЩϹŶԹԵۣЦҲ˵ҶŷХҲû˵ʲôҲó˵ļƻƣԣҶɲ˵䡣
Ҷɿڣ޵һЦǺǣλϱڴˣԡ˵ȻǫһȴǲгԽ֮⡣
ʣʱͲҪʲôˣʵΪ𣬼䱲ָЩҲҪƽཻġ
ң㻹һ֮ʣݵλϷһļ𡣡ŷХĻ˵λϣ˲Ҫޡ
޼æ˹֣ŷ̧ˣȻˣ˵˵뷨λòףоо
ã˵ӦҲȤ޴ˣһֿ͸ĸо
ĳãڲ׳ǰûԳƱʣ˻һϣҶŷХҲһ㶡
ս˵ģˣ
˲ǻʳǸͿԣССһʱ嶯֪̬أʧǡ
һ䳰ȷŷХü֮һ㣬ûں˵ļ
ȿȣŷХɿһֹͣЦʣ˵׳ս֪ιʣϸ˵˵
ЦЦŷţ˶ڣԼĵϣֻػ˷Ѳʲô
Էǲһǵ̣ضĲСһǴ㳷ˣǱǴˣƣˡ
Ǹʱǵ񣬶Էҵȷһ¶Է
⣡ӦϿһŷХҶҲ˫ĿһŷХͲսԸȻǲЩ
ҶΪɢޣ˵½ΪСģȴģս״νӴ˵ֻԸԷͨϹ֣Ҷкܶ취ñ֮Ȼ˵ǿ˵Ҷɼһɢޡ
ʣƣȻ˵Ǵо˰£λϣʲôŷХɫ˵˵
ûУ˼ƲִɽڵˣҲЩģʵ£һִһǵܰĽСһҲǿޡ
˿̣˵Ƕ࿴۵ʵһ㣬ϵȨõõȷ£ñ֮ȷ֮ϡ
Ȼû⣬Ǽǧˣַַ󣬼ʲôģʱȻԽԷһ¡΢Ц
˱о˾巽Ͼ˵ֻǴżƻ˻ҪɽڵӣܱԷʲô޴ɽڵִַ󣬶ɹԪǲϵعš
˰֮ãڼҶȥ˿ĸˣŷХԼˣۿ˼ս֡
һգҶɽµʱ򾭳״˵أʱ׼սϾɹʱܳߣŷХҲڴ֮С
ףȥۿˣҶһ䡣
Ϊ˵ȷ䲻ִ󣬵ĳһ磬Ӧϵɽ¹ۿ顣һڻشһ䣬ŷХǵ˵ͷ
ȵЩͷˣʱ䣬ɹߣӻûۻһϲͷ˵
ʲôۻˣȻֵǳ֣ϵʱԽԽáһ΢Ц
ˣʱһӻŻŵܽȥϴοԪֻҪš
ߣ˻ţѵˣһսɳЩ˵˵ȴЩ˷ܣŷХҶüͷһ壬ɻĿӡ
۵Ӽæڵ⣬֪ιʣʺȻ͵ϮشӦϣִ֮֮ʱڶƵһش
ڣڣɹԪһӦϣѾɽڣǵĵӽڽڰˣɽʧأѾ˵˵ؿ
ʲôľǷѱռ죿Ҷɵ¶ݣؿľλãǵؿʧأľ˱ؽ¶⡣
ڴƣֻǿڣɽڵƺѾƾˣн𾪲ѣ˻ǲǻþ


601 ƾת
ɽڣľڵȫ֣ɽڵӵֿɹԪĵӣǴˣɽŴΧɽڲӣûг䵱ɽڵ
˿̽ƹˣһǶʵ̫ͣӤãǶԷ̫࣬ǻٻλԲƴ֮£ƹɥ
ʱɽŷХҶɴ£ƺƵʮӰĳ֮ʱһһ
ɽڵ˵ԷҲϾԷ̫࣬ɽڣԷһ˸ûں
Ҷɸһ˸ĳһƣܵɹԪӣοˣмܵЩǿѪε
ţҶһ壬ٻƹˣһģʧŷХҲ׶Եͽ׻Ӥڳ֡
Ϊһ߽׳ֶԸͽף˫ɾʧˣһȶս߽׶ֶԸͽףֻͨܶսͨ
ͨϹֱֲӶսܵԷӪƴɱͽףǼ˭۽󼴱ʤߣҲΪ˹˾
ԣ߽ײֵԭҲΪһĵĹ涨ȻûκԼҲû˭ȥƻأΪ˭Ҳʧ𣬿ͨϹһҲŲӡ
˿̵ޣɽɽŴϴЦƽˣָ£ΧɽܲԱһҲӲ
һɱ⣬ƺԤϵ¶ЦݣȴǸе⣬ΪκȻ֣Ҫɽڡ
˵ԭ򣬵ȴֻܷһסɽɽţһӳնɱ
ƽ˵Ҳڲ룬ȴǿ˿ޣɻĵʣΪκȻҪɽڳ֣һؽ˥ġ
ߣԭԺǽͣڣֻǷӻãκΥߣѹ֮ﴦնס˵꣬ƽ
ԣ˵ƽĻЩȴû˭һɣϾ˼ֵ㣬Լ˵˻¾ҪСˡ
ƽ̾ϢһŶˣֻ˳ָӣɽɽŴɽڲƽ
һѪޱȣɹԪһṦ򣬱ǹ˵ؿƽǵɽںķΧ
׹ɽں֮ʱɽڵĵһţŵƣٿһЩСͽƣǿĵֿ
˵ɽеƣʱȥԼһᣬʱһãⱻɹźԪƣգȫٵɽڡ
˾ͽлϹ߿գս΢Цѣһ֣Ҳսǰ˵Ĵ㲻ͽӣŷХ۽һ
ǺǣƣԲˣɽڣܿ᳹˾ͽл΢Ц˵
ŷХаٰ㲻⣬ʵ벻ΪλᷴˮȻǿǴµʱ򣬿սЩʹӡ
ѵɽڽҪ֣ŷХ̾һĸоʦ𣬶˲ƣûͨϹ֣ԼҲŤתơ
λѵҪϾɱϷƾãɷշŹµӣŷХо죬漣ķ
ǼȻ֣ûв࣬ŷϹʵֲõʦ֮λҪǿߣΣһҲܲ˾ͽлһЦ˵
ʱҶɽ˰˶֮ڣǷŷХԣ˿·ս֣Ҳǲɵ۽һ
ҶɿûôԼ·ȫܻԵͽ׳֣ҲֻҪԼһ֣ǰϹҲܿţסԼ
һҶҲ벻ʲôð취ҲʵķˮŷХһ㣬Ȼ֪ǿǴµʱ
ҶҲоɽڻЩ̵ģȻռо޴ƣŵλãԼԼһЩĲλ󷨽ƣǿܹڶȻʱһûǱذɡ
ǽɽڻٵҶɱ֤ר鷳ȻҶĳ޷ǵɽţֻҪҶĳţЩɫĺĵӣұ֤һɱһҶɳв
ȻҶɵĻЩô˾ͽ˲۽һǱһݵɢͨϹ֣޹˼ɵĶһţµӶ
ߣΪӵ𣿡˾ͽлг˵Ҳ֪ţߵĳϹҲЩȻ֮ɫϾҶɵʵǼʶġ
ҶҲ¶΢ЦȥҲӣڵΪסҶĳɽڻҲ
˾ͽն˼ҶɲǿЦɵ΢΢һΪҶǷţʵڱ¶̫Ȼ
˵ҶЦյѣԪһɹţǣƾԪΪɹŵĶ
뻢ΪıСԷ٣ɽڣδԪ³ɱˣɹŵʵǿġ
ҶɵĻϹ۽һĿ˿˾ͽлȻǱҶ˵йǣɫЩ粻
״˾ͽлæڵߣһɺԣǩԼɽڵĵ̣Ƕƽ֣һﶼܶҪݵ䡣
Լ֣˾ͽѲΥԼҲʲô³Ϲ񣬵ͷ˵ЩҶ˵жҡ
Ҷ̾ϢһһҲûЧܸܲɿţ˵ԼҲûıս֣ҪϹһͷ
һ
Ȼ䣬Ҷɶ֣Զĳɽ֮ϣһۺ˾ͽϹˣһΣϷȻҪʬΡ
ͬһʱ䣬һӰģ֮£ǳҶɵǰǿֻǴʱһϢȹۺ񣬾Ǻ֮ơ
ߣǽͨˣΪܶùϷ򣿡˾ͽлЩм˵Լ׶꣬ǿԱġ
֪ǿףԽճأҲûʲô֮ɫŷХȴһϲҶҲһ֣ԱϹֳ֣ȻҪһʱ̣ûɽѾˡ
ҶŷХڹϲǿأǿһЦ׹˹˵͹ҾƣһȴҶЩֻǲ֪뷨
֣Ա˳ߵӡǿ
ٺ٣Ѿˡ˾ͽлһЦޣɽڴôãӦ֪ЩӦ֣֮ϲս
˾ͽһ䣬ҶŷХɫһ䣬û뵽޾Ȼ˾ͽϹˣֲͻȻˮ֮ǰһֱûвսսɽڱ
Ҷȫ֣»ش˾ͽϹɽڵĵӣѾɱʣ޼׸ˡ
ǣ˾ͽǰ޹˵꣬ǴƽԼƺƵĴɽڵɽŴĲ֮һ·ңһɽڵӶӲȥ
ˣɽڽҪϷƴҲҪˮŷХһȣҪ֡
ϹҲǾɲû뵽޾Ȼ˾ͽĺ֣ɵøе˾ͽĻ֮Ȼǿһһ״ĴЦ
㺦ϷӣϷ˵ҪɽڣΣǿȻŷХǰ漴ɫһ
ƽԶˣǿ䣬˲ɵһ㶣ָֻ˵ޣȻɫһףβ¶֮ɫָƽ
㣬ƽô»ʼؽûҵΪߣҺ޲£ؽɫ԰ף¶ŨŨ𾪣ߴͣԵĿǰһĻĻԽܵı֡
ߣΪƽԭһҺʵϣȻ¶һ˿䣬֮дһ˿ԭʼɱԣȥֱˣͬ˶һ㡣
˾ɲ֮ʣƽ漴һϢǣ̼䣬ȻΪ˻ӤԲĿֲϢۺ쳣Ǹս׵ӡ
ߣǼս׻ӤʱܱѾ׵˴Բ֮һʼؽкѴƽ˵
һĻ˳ˣҶҲ𾪲ѣֻǿһȻ֮ɫ˫Ŀ䣬ɫѿ˾ͽл


602 ս
ʲôôܣû׿죿״񣬲֪Ϊ½ƣΪԽƽȻԼ׻Ҫ졣
ٺ٣⣬Ժܻ͵ģƽЦ˵꣬¶֮ɫ
λĸѹɹŵļϸĿľǼĸһһɽѣҵȺһģٽ
˺ƽشлˣ⽻׽вս֮ˣõʿеıƽһгһ˴ӵҲ֪ΪôԭͲ޹ɽڡ
ߣҲǹʣȨոұҵˣȫѹ޲˳ĹʣֻҪ䲻ȻйʵȨȨ
ԭ̧֧ƽ֣ȻһȻ£Ҳ֪޵Ȩǵƽޡ
һƽնɱԼվ˶飿Ͼֻܹ̳лλڱ̬ʵڲ֮١
ߣ֪ƽһһֻɫ䣺Ҫġ
صһ
޵Ļû˵꣬һıѶΪһѪɢʼؽĶҲֻţ컹ͷһμ
ؽҲֻǶԸĳʹãû뵽ȴõ˻Լ˵ϣϣһƽȻ˵Ȩ
޵̫ͻȻ˲΢΢񣬶ƽȻһһâӶȥ
ãҪתȻ־ȻЩ̣ƺ˶һ㣬ɫĿƽ֪ʱ˾綾
۵һƽ䣬촦ԪӤոӶݶǱƽһĳʵһԲɱȡ
ƽɱˣνǸɾ䣬ɱϣ֮ǰֱˣɱ˵ʱ۾ûգһ£νֶκ֮дŹ졣
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
˼ֱҲ֪ƽĺǾƽʵ˵ڻֻƽܹ̳лλҲҪ֡
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ɹԪ֮ˣȻյлԭɽںĴսûеʼ˶࣬ƽ˴Ӻɱһš
˾ͽлڣ޶ֿʼһֱƽɱˣ̿ƻʵûжãЩ˸
ɲǼ䣬Ԫɹŵеɽڽ֮£еоţƽĴС
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ʦܣɷ˷ųȥǽǸ߱ǣ򼴱ǽȫɱڴˣһǧ˰˰٣кôŷХ˵
ԣǿת׿˿ŷХߵظԼбԼã˵ʲô£޻˵
ŷХüһŭŬ죬û˵Щʲôǿ˵ĲڵԼȷûƿشˣؼԼ˵ǿ
ߣϹ벻㻹ȺС˾ͽлɫѿĿǿϹҲ۽ֱЩȥص֮ˡ
ֶƴκһŶԸ⣬Ϊⲻһ浹ľƣǼƾУȻĿǰɽռһЩƣҲܽϳ
ȻҲֻǸߣ޷ȫɱĿǰһĴ򷨣ɽռеʤҲʣ¶ٵӡ
ǿȻںƽʱԼ޷ɽڵĵӣڼ㲻ԼڣɽڵĵΪ˻ڣҲȻ
ƽػһ˵Ĵ򷨣ҲƣӳȥĻᶼûУ֮ܵ£ʵء
Ϸ˵ڵģǿɫ˵
ֻϷʹһʱˣ˵Ϸڣ㻹ûʵΪпܿˡ˾ͽлһһٵ˵
ǽĳҪܲڡ䣬ǿһ˾ͽл˹ȥзǱ任ͣ
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ǿͷϿգȻֳһɫӰţһ˾ͽлֱӶ˴ͨ
ߣ˾ͽлһЦз任ͣиɫһ۶ȥ̼䣬γһָǽɫһȥ
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һҵı촫ɫ΢΢һ漴ǱѶָ˵ûɢȴҲС˴ȦǿȭӰɢ
һ֮£ߵͼ֣˾ͽлǽͨĴڣһ֮治ɫǿϣȴ΢΢Щףȴûʲô󰭡
֣ҶɺȻŷХ漴ǿһ𹥻˾ͽл
ŷХϵƣʱҲָһЩȻﲻѹϹԼҲԲԿ
ϹŷХսһ𣬿ȥ£˾ͽлûгôˣԭԸǿ˵ҶǱ̬壬˾ͽǲӲƴ˲ѣҶǿǽ׷ᡣ
˾ͽϹ˳ɽڷΧճûɫһҲ˳ɽںͷΧʱע˾ͽǱߵı仯ֻҪ˾ͽܻߣԼԲһ̡
ΪϷţǲɣбǶƴͨҿǸս׵ģûкұƴʵ˾ͽлһ߶Ҷɣһ߷߷ߵĺ
ãȻ·ҪƴͨҶĳͳȫ㣡ԱϣҶɲ׷˫ȻҪʩչʲôͨ
״ǿҲͣٴʩչ˲˾ͽл˿һߣƴͨΪϷĶ֣
䣬һǰҪ޴ָڰлֶǿǽɫҲٴ˹ȥҶȴǻûüȻʩչ˶һ
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һ죬Ϊ֮һ𣬽ɫֻǵֵƬ̣Ǳָķ飬ǿɵһƺߡ
ָСһȦܲĺǿ˾ͽлЦս׼ѣҲϷ򶷷ǲ˽ͨڳʵ
Ȼ䣬һֻɫƣҶͷһɶ漴Ǹָһҵı֮Ȼһ漴˫˫ɢ
Ȼ֮ŵֵ˾ͽлȫһǿɵа˾ͽлЩ⣬ǵϴҶɵͨû
ü룬ֻҶһΣһ޽۶漴˾ͽлһնȥ
ãȻֲʩչͨ˾ͽʩչֿ漴ųһƻǰԼǶݹһο˲ѡ
Ȼһ죬˾ͽлСƵһݣź󷽷ɶ˾ͽлܵѹ֮ڰյŵŵŵĻгʮɣſסΣɫһףдһƺߡ
ʱǿٴĳһƣöһΣ˾ͽлٴαһɫӲ԰Ȼ䣬ɫһ䡣
ֻҶ°âһ쭷˲伤֮δ䣬˾ͽлѾоֻƴЩˣöԼʵ´˻
صһ졣
ҶһȭӴ˾ͽл֮ʱȻоһɾǰз·һϣҶһȭϣǴϷ·ˮĵҶֱһ飬ŵŵŵĵ߰˲֮Զвһ
ͬһʱ䣬һɢˮʧһŰۣüĿ뷢԰׵ߵΣ۶俴ҶɵԴһɫ졣
ʲô㣬㣬Ԫǰôܻţѵ㡭ԶŷХˣȻ¶ݣЩŵ˵


603 Ԫ
ŷХԪǰİɫȻֳԶɽɽңңһ㣬һʹϸָ
һ
ڹɹԪƽˣȻɫһ䣬û뵽߽׾Ȼͽ׶֣˿̶ȴ֮󲿷˱Ǿָײ֮ϡ
Ҷɵɫһ䣬ǰ֮ʵ֪ǳ·ڶ໯Ӥʿ¸޷ܴ˻֮
һ̣ҶɵЩ⣬Ԥϵ屬ѣȻһҲûзƽֻǱǸָײɣĸɹڶӿٳһ֮·
״Ҷ¶ݣԶľ룬ҶҲܷԲͬǰ㣬ƿص磬ƽ˾Ȼƶû£ȴҲȥԪɹŵѡ
㶵ĿһĻǰ˲ת˵ͽߣȻɽƽ˵Ķ֣˵˵ͽ׵ȴǲû
һĻҲ˾ͽ˳˿ŷХҲһɣɽڵĵӣǿԱȫˡ
ֻǿһŭ⣬漴촽΢ţԶƽ˫ĿһУ漴£ֻǵĵ˵ͷ
ǿ˿ߣصԪǰΪɹŶɽڴڣò£ھȻֵͽˡ
ߣǿΪһ֮𣬲˵ӵأĪ˵Ϸ֣ʦŷХͬŭһ
ԣŷХŭŬ죬ǲû˵Щʲô༸ͨϹҲǰͷɽһЩӣǿЩ
ϷҵԸȻԪǰ֣Ҫսǿɫһ˵
սսͨϢδȫȹ̣ȻϷ˵ǲɽڵʵԱϣԪ̧һ㣬һָ˲۶
״ǿһߣвҴ⣬ֱʩչ˲ΪһֻɫĳҶæ־
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һ죬ǿǽɫֽͬѶǸָҲСһЩţǳһɫƣһ޽žָȥ
һ΢΢һ·ͽʿϢȣеʿѪ
ţڰн֮ǸָȻҶɵȻһ룬ǿһɶȥ
״Ҷһ֮£ǿǰȭصĺ˾ָ֮ϣս顣
ף֮ȻЩ죬СӣʲôͨЩʵ
Ҷо岻ѣ߿һԼǿͨǿߣͨסԼ֮飬ǿʩչֵͨҪԸС
ԪǰɽڵʵȻֲҲֻ֮Ƚ϶ѡҶɫһĻش
ߣ㼴㲻˵ϷѻҲɵ֪ԪȻŹҶɣ漴˿ǿǿ
ǰǺ⣿ѵҪŵͽŷХɫһ䣬ǿڲԣҲɽڵˣԪ˼ƺŹǿ
ٺ٣ϷȻᣬǿѾΪСЩ֣ϷץһкβɣԪ˵̸Ц˽ɫһ䡣
ɽڵʵɾͨɱȵģȻڳ֮ǰûɽϹﶯֹҲ֪ɽڵĿֲ
ͨڼƹףҲ֪ĶͨҪɽ磬ͱض׵ɽڲſԡ
ΪֻжɽڵϹſ׺٣ɽʿ콵׺ϴܳܵס׽٣Ǳһɳ죬ɽ硣
ɽڵϹȻԪƾãȴǼ£˻һıչ֮⣬ҲпͬһľԴоΪԲ׽١
ɽڵϹ˵һͨʿδҶɣҲɽһ˵ûмɽϹ֡
ֻǷſԪĳ֣Ƿ˶ɽڵĿ֮ͨʿԵֿģҲŷХǿԭ
Ԫǰִ⶯ɽ֮ˣƴϷҲ֮ŷХһǵĿǿҶɶˡ
Ǻǣ㣬ҲֻǶˣǣɽڵĵӡԪ΢ЦĿŷХһ˿в
ߣҶҪǣʦɽڵˡǿŭһĿԪ
ԣŷХ˵ǿţҪǿ飬θɣ
ǿĻżĮ˭óڻɽڡ
ߣǲˣԪδ䣬̧ǿһץȥֻǿһɫ΢΢ף漴Ҫֿ
ҶҲɫһ䣬з任ͣǿһԼ߾ʣŷХ¸ѶԸϹ˵ǰԼҲǶ֣ҶɵǱʶǿ
һһֻɫֶ׵ҶǿһĶȥȻû£λͨǸоǹ޷ֿķ֮
ҶɶоԼʩչͨҲǵֵסԷɵɫһŷХæ׼һֿ
ߣֿʦ棬ֱ˾ͽлһЦɫɲ˷飬̫ĳԤϣֻǣǰŷХҪˡ
صһ졣
Ȼ䣬ɫָҪӽǿҶ֮ʱ׵ķһ죬ţǺȻһɢΪһâƮɢա
״˲ɵ΢΢һ㶣Ҷǿ˾ͽлҲǾɲֻԪϹ֣¶֮ɫ
϶ȻûԪ˵
ʱɫϼһһۣͷ׷ߣȻڻɫƱֶ֮
ף㣿͵Ҷɿߵʱ򣬲ɵ¶֮ɫڳˣȻûϳߵݣǾȲѵĿҶ׷ߡ


604 Ǳ
ٺ٣ǸóƺҶأ߿˿Ҷɣ΢΢һЦ˵
ԽЩ⣬û뵽ҶɾȻʶһλɽϹֻŷХɫأϴ˼֮ɫĿߡ
뿭ѣҶһ㶣漴ЦЦӦóƺ뿭ǰˣʵû뵽ǰȻǶɽڵĴڡ
ߣҶɻӡ̵ģǵøյ֮ʱħץſѨڣֱ־Լǰλ뿭ˡ
˵뿭ֳֻΪ־࣬ǰ󷴳ı֣Ҷӡ̡
뿭ʾҶɵħŵļƻҶɵ˻벻ҵԿħŵ⣬Ҳ뿭һֲ߻ġ
Ҷɱо߲һ㣬ڵʵڵħһ֮󣬾Ȼûʲô󰭣ɲͨʿܹġ
˵Ҷɸо˲һ㣬ҲûϵȻǶɽϹǴǴʱһģҶɿţԣҶжϴˣӦǵΪľˡ
ӳ֮ҶɱûмˣʱһãҲͰѴԺû뵽ֳˡ
ҶɣϷ򵱳Ƿ㲻һ㣬ȻûпھȻɽڵӣͨ׶ɽҲָտɴ뿭Ҷ΢΢һЦ
뿭ʦ棿ʱŷХƺʲôȻһ䡣
ߣԼʦ涼ϲɽʦ뿭Ԫ˿ŷХһ
ʲôǣʦ棬ŷХĻû˵꣬Ǳ뿭ִϣ漴Ԫ
϶ɽʲôЩϹ˵ãףֻɽģھȻɽ۸С뿭Щ΢ŭ˵
ٺ٣۸̸ϣףۿңǿΪһ˽ȻʿϷøһЩѵԪ΢Ц
ߣѵϲĳ֣¾Ͳǽѵˣô㻹Ҫ֣뿭һ䡣
ǺǣȻᣬȻˣͽԼˡԪش
Ŷ˾ͽСɽڵңǲҲýѵһ£뿭ʵ
СǵһЩֶѣҵ϶ǲҪΪã˾ͽļƻԭҲ̫˵ģֻǺֱ仯ѡԪ˿˾ͽлһۡ
Ϲٵɽණ϶Ҫƨ˲ɣгС죬ҪϷһҪǻΪɽû˲ɣ뿭ӵ۵˵ȥߵӡ
ԣ˾ͽлһ˿ԪҲ԰ǳϹɫǱѿ
ԣԲǰ֮ǰĻû˵꣬Ǳ뿭ִϣ漴۾һɡ
ٸӷƨ˵ЩõģʵʵĶӲġ뿭ȻҲݣͬһĺ
⣬⳥ŷг嵥⳥ǡչϵĻش
أ˾ͽСʲô㣿뿭ɽ̶С۾
˾ͽлĻû˵꣬ǱԪϣߣϹԭǻû㲻Ҫˡ
°ܽѣǰװүȻƻضˣŲȥɹŷŰѻëɱҡ뿭ָԪſڴ
һĻһ㶣һɽϹôһȶûУͬ˵һ⣬ֱſھ˲⾿ǲǶɽǰ
ȿȣϹΪԪĳ֮ǰһ㣿һΰֻ֣һʱѣҲݵſ񣬷ĻϷǣߡԪŭһ
úúãɽǿһ½׵ҶСҲŴҲԣɹʲôһŷХܱȵùϷļҵף뿭ЦЦ
ߣ˾ͽһϷĴɼзٶ࣬ҲҪ׷ϲǣȼҵ׶кãԪЦȴһ˿ɵ֮⡣
ҶСӣûаԼ˾ͽС뿭Ȼһ䡣
ԣҶ漴΢΢˵ͷǰģһ񡣡Ҷ˵꣬˾ͽлɫһ䡣
ˣԪȻǽӾʹ˺ƴˣҿԲԿͲŴ򲻷㡣뿭һת˵
˶٣ڿ˿һ䣺±ߵɽڵӣԼλСޣһᶯΧɹŵǣһҲܡ
öֶ֣ȻܰǳֶԸӤ˱£ʹ˭ˣҩȫġ
ԣɵɫһϲԪɫ΢䣬ڵʲôϹôǿһ˲к壿
ĺף㲻ǲҾͲкˣҾͻˣôҧҰ뿭һ˰һЩֱιȥԽ˵Խһ˵ӡ
ȿȣʦ棬ɽڵҲ˲٣¡ŷХһǵӣû˵꣬뿭ɫһŭİִϡ
죬˵СӲʲô죿ʹ򣬱˲͵ðֲõʦִΪ㣬Ը
Ҫǻӣ϶ǿСӵţļֶۺûһܳԽȻأ㻹ǲġ뿭ર죬Ҳ֪ǲ͵˵һ䣬ŷХ˵һ죬ȴǲҷʲô
ʱ˾ͽлȻһһöɫСڿ洫֮ʱɫޱ䡣
ʲôɹű͵Ϯرֻӳ˲ʮˣŷХĻ˵꣬ԪҲɫһ޴ʧǱɽڲضˡ
ңⲻһ޴ĴҲһ޴ЦҲ¶ɻ֮ɫɽڵ˾绹ʲôܸȥɹŵңӵʵ
ѵȵˣԪɫһ˵
ݴǸɱϣֺѵأʵףƺıãɹڲֵصӣǵӦͳһĺɫΣӦǡ˾ͽлһһٵ˵
ߣϻȥԪ䣬һģ֮ʧ˾ͽл˷ߣ뿭ûʲôֻ¶ֻı顣
϶Ѽﰲźãţٺ٣ϼҶˣɹУιôżһȣ뿭һ֣ԶԪЩһѪ
ߣϹżϷģǸʱ򣬿ͲЦóˡԪ˳
ƨҲҿ¿ԣߣֱô죬ǲӣ뿭Щ޵˵
˵ע뿭֮ʱǿ¶Ц漴촽ȻһȴһҲûд
ͬһʱ䣬ԶƽȻ˫ĿһУȻ΢΢˵ͷڵһֻƣȻһöŷ


605 յǷ
ⲻѾʧǧôֳˣѵûи𣿡Ϲһɲ
ڳˣҲֻҶɶԺ֪٣ĴҲޣǼǰ⵽׷ɱ¸֪ôһ֯ϹԺ˽ܶࡣ
ҶɲԣŷХ򵥵ĸҶɽһǧǰĺ鲼Ĺһصɱ֯ĹĴ֮Ук͸һǳпͨĳϰ壬ܾһԱ
ƽû˭Ҳ޷֪ǵݣִʱֶǺºڲ棬챦ϢԱ϶Էݡ
˿ֲǣ׽һĳԱҲԱϵõһõϢνǻ
Ȼ֯Ҳб׽ԱʱֻǺܿϧЩԱƺǵ磬ֻϼҵ¼¼ȴҵϼ֪ϼˡ
һ׽ڣǿѻ꣬ҲѵõõϢҺأԱ鲼㣬ȴ򲻵ҪǷҧһڣĴҲͷʹѡ
ֵ̫ͬʱֶԸĴţҲܵĴŵִѹʧصģɹԪɽҲһЩ
ĴһҪ԰ȣӴ֮󣬺ҲܵشɵˣᱻĴԱնɱ
Ժ󣬺ͺٳˣпڶһЩͽףĴҲû̫ӣ𳹵伣
ΪĺͨϹֻҪ㸶ǮɱɹŵţҲ˾ͽлʦֻʧܡ
˵Ӥʿ֪ڳλ綼ͨݣȻ֪Ŀ£ֻǲ֪ͷ߰ˡ
ŷôŽҶɷ֣Լһ࣬ϾС֪һЩػ̫٣ԺЩϹȽϡ
뿭˿գڵСȥɽͣ
⳥뿪ղ˲ͷϵ亹æ˵һ䡣
㻹īʲôϽó뿭ߴٵ
⣬ǸŷŻû㣬⳥ˡռæ˵
Ŷ⵹ǣˣϷҲŷХˣ㣬ͰĴһʹ뿭ֵ˵ȥܴȻӡ
ʲôԣιȥԼĴжٱôȫȥ
ΪĴ֮һϴĺôνǲ٣⳥ŷʧȫòˣ뿭ϹﻹĿŵ˵ԼֹԾǶĽࡣ
ô㲻Ը⣿Ŷˣȥɽͣ뿭һۺӣڿʲô
ȥɽڣտɲɵӣȥɽڣܾͱʧȫ˼ݵϼһǰǶͷֱð亹һ޶ûС
ǰⴢԪͨǧնȥ²ס̽Եһ䡣
Ȼ뿭˵ͷŶ˵ЩףǱϾŵڹɣͨؼߣŷХϷ֤ҪǸˣס㣬Ϸ򱣹һΣ
ˣһŷХЦɣ˵ԼˣһԼࡣϹаһεͷóȡһö֮󣬱ǽŷХ˹ȥھԵʵǰϹǲԼЦ
״뿭һȣɫ˲ñޱȣȥɱ˵ĳ嶯Ƿ˵ð汾
ߣһͺȣԪǻܵˣ˿뿭һƣɵô˸ǰ˸еӣһ̣˲㱻뿭Ļ°͡
棬þûôĹˣСӣ͸û³ˣˣ˳㿪ģ뿭һʢ˵Ϣʧ˲ָһСͷ̶۾תѣҡͷԵԼɽ
Ѿ޷λˣУ˻ɣϼһǲϴ챦αװĶɽϢ
ȿȣŷХȷӦɿڵʦ棬ζʱ֣Ȼص˵ɡ
ŷХʵǸоЩԼ󣬱Ͼɽ漶ģ滹Щӿţɺͳ뵽ŷХæԸһ˴򷢻ɽʰо֣ƽҲ˳ֽǲɢ˻ȥ
һᵽɽڣ뿭ɫ˲һӵ뿪ʱ˵Բ̤ɽڰ벽ΪϷ򰡡
⣿ѵʦʲô֮ŷХЩȻ֮ɫҶҲһͷƺЩƢҲȥֻӡ
ǾͱˣϷ˵ܻţ;ԲԻȥ뿭Щͷ˵һ䡣
ɹŶǻʦɽڷ̫ƽŷХæȰ˵
ҶҲǼæڣǰܵʲô鷢ȥҲΥŵԣңҲΪŶڡ
˵˵ܻڣһȥ˵Ļͳɷƨˣߣ뿭Щߵ˵
ԣŷХҶɽǸоЩΣƢǿԸ죬Щ仯޳Ʒ˽ǸоΡ
ٺ١ʱǿȻЦЦʦ棬ĶڣһأЩ޷Ǻʦȥ
ԣ뿭˫Ŀһ̶СһתȻһЦСӻ飬Ϸ򣬾ȥ㿴
ϷɲҪɽڣǰһȥأ޹أСӴ·
ǿ΢΢һЦ漴һ뿭ɽڷ˹ȥԸ죬ƵϼһʧȺ
⡭ŷХҶ˽ҡͷЦ漴ҲǷɽڣ·ϣҶǿ˿ƽɽ֮ڡ
صź󣬸æŷХţƽǴɽڽӴ˵¥ǿ뿭ϼһҲ֪æʲô
Ҷǽ壬ƹٻ˽ӽľһģҶɵĸĸԼĸԶԶΰ£Ҳĸ㣬ĸŮĽѩ
ҶΪ˻һԭڵˣҲǻӤʿѾһһ󣬵գҶɱǱŷٵɽ
ʣµˣҲû̫İ֮УҶɵĸĸԻٻãƹƺҲʲôֻЦ
븸һϵ뼸λţֻĽѩһˣĵ߳ľЩįĿԶ
ʱһſڴպһĽѩ˹Ŀ֮£¶ŨŨ𾪣漴ǾϲЩŵӣ˵飬ԶЩ


606 뿭
ѩһϤĽѩĶС
ŮнʪЩĵƽ磿
֮µӣ·ƽֻ־ϲЩ죬Ľѩ
ѩҰ˵ŻƽҪľȥԼɽڵӼæס
ʣȥϣҪΪǡɽڵҲܲ죬Ӷʶټƽǿɲƽߡ
Ȼ˷ɽ֮Σƽ˴󹦣ľʲôط⼸̫ǿǸҶɵĵ̣ӽ
λģĳɽ£ȥֻԵһˡƽȻ·˵ؿĽѩ֮ԭһֱƽϣǸֳһ˿

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뿭ŷХǿҶˣ˼ľ֮ϣΪ뿭ϲŷХҲԣֻˡ
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ϻϷôĻ˵СӻЩҰŴһ£³ɱ뿪˵껰뿭һȻӡ
ʦ֣ȰʦаţǿЦЦҶЩ
ŷХƬ̣صʦܣɽΣȶʦֵĹʹԸ⽫֮λø㡣
˵껰ŷХпɬ˷ҶɣҲԼĹʹԼŵõȷϸֻǿסʦ棬ɱɽڲ𿪶˵ԼǿŷХҲԸվλá
ƨǿڣ뿭¶ŭݣʦ־ȻΪ㣬˵þõģǿţδؾͱá
СȱһɣΪţЭһЩˣͳţʲʦֵ۹⻹㲻
ǿֶκıԳԶһЩҲȽϹϣĻʺڸиһЩеĶʺ֮λ»ɽڡ
ҶļƳǸ뼸ϹһӦһЩϹ侭ͬĥġ
ƹκһǳԶıԣֹۣڻǷȱĥϾᣬ䲻ǧꡣ
ҶСӵʵɲǱϿ򵥣ǿս׸޷ս˾ͽСҶСΪξͿԡ
ǰˡҶϹǰǲд
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һɤıȽͻȻ˷Ӧ֮ŷХǿЦѣҶЩʵҲޣֻǿˡ
ûǿ壬ԼǱټ죬˾ͽлĶ֣Ϊλ֮У˾ͽʵǿŷХʵ͡
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ʷԼƻ̶ȣǱȻĽ޸̫߳࣬ǵҶڻĽǿ֮ԳΪ޵еĴڡ
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ҶͬƷ磬ȻЩˣɲǻĽ޿ɱȵģս󷨣ͨǿĹ౦౦
ЩҲǡǡǻĽûеģԬƾ֮ưԣܳΪ޵еĴڣҶʵͳٵ£ҲԬɵԭҶ壬ֶ̫Ρ
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ȻͻĽһ㣬κθ֮ֻƾŷƴԬͬ޵еĴڡ
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ǲֵܵǶͬʱһҲܻŽʦ־ȻսǶԣ㼴޷ȡʤҲڲ֮ˣеͬڣ޷ġ
ԣҶҡҡͷȴûٽʲôŷХȻΪû֮ҶɣԲ˾ͽĶ֣Ҷɵ˽⣬ŷХûǿǰ̡
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ʲôΪ£ǿɫһоƽԣĪ˵ɽڶ֣ƽỹһ䣬ȻºԷܻܲϣҪƽˡ
ΪһŮӣŮԳĽѩľҪӽƽֵصסⷢΣգƽҲס˶ûг֡ӹ˵
ʲôǿɫ΢䣬˿ҶɣСӣ㽫ڵȫųˣ
ԣ뿭ŷХ¶˼֮ɫûпڣȻ֪ʲôʣ˭Ҳʲô
ʦ֪кβףҶüͷһ壬²ʲô
㡭ˣǿεҡҡͷ漴ݹһ𣬱뿪ʣ˸˼
ƽǸɱ˹ʵǸСӣ뿭һ䡣
Ӱɽڴæ㽫һЩҲǼ̳˹֮λŷХش
ŶӲۺǿ˵ŵ㣬ĻǸԼıԣҶСӵԣҲв硣
һ㶼̫࣬ԽͨҲԽ׶ɽ֮Ȼ²ǾԣĵҵȲ̫һ뿭ѵõһΡ
뿭ŷХҶȻ¶Ȼ֮ɫû뵽ƽȻõߵۣ˼֮ʱǿƽص׷ֻƽһЩн֮⡣
СҲװˣﶼԼˣǿƽӣɵ˵һ䣬ƽ֮ɫȻ
ǰŷţҶǰƽ˹˹֣˵һȻ֮ɫаϹľн
ٺ٣ƽɹ֮£һıģ뿭Ȼɫһ˵ó˶һ


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ǰ˻⣿ƽ۽һɫȥȻݣ֮ŷХҶɶˣǿҲ˫ĿһУü΢΢һ
ʲô˼СӲӦñϷֻǺʰˣǲ㣬ϷҲ뿭΢΢һЦ˵漴˿ǿ
״ǿ˼ҡͷЦһȻʦķۣ񣬵ȷС
ʲôʦܣĪڿЦŷХɫһҶҲ¶֮ɫǵõڴԪ۹֮ʱǺ˻׷ɱԼġ
뿭ûŷХǿǿȤĵ˵˵СӣʵΣʱ齨ģʲô
ԣǿҡҡͷʦ棬£ûа취ڣһλǰλ֮ʱԸҲ˵ܡ
ҵȶһֶұ½ƣһ˵˵ģϱĳֽΥԣҵ֮ͨҲ޷ǽơ
ŶϾʲôƣ뿭˵ŻҲǿǷͬ⣬Ӵʶ֮һǽǿУǿҲûз
˳Ĭã뿭ǿȻûжƺоʲôŷХϣ¶˼֮ɫҲ֪Щʲô
ô˵ƽҲǺһӣѵҶĳڶܵ׷ɱҲ֪Ҷüͷһʵ
ԣƽ˹֣ҶƽཻƽɲҳƺѣڵȻңְŲ߻ġ
ӵ֮ʱ㿪ʼ֣ĿֻǸǰһЩĥ°ˣҪĻǰ¾Σˡ
Ͼ֮еҵϴδʧܹģǽϣЩԨԴԼ˺ҲûΪû뵽Ҷǰϡ
ԣҶһû뵽ƽ¶֪ʵڿֲǽ㱻Լ½ƣ˵ӦΪֻǺԪ׷ɱʱ׵ԺǽҲǱˡ
ֲãҾ˵о¹죬ϽΣûгֻӤ֣󻹰סԪ׷ɱԭˡҶЩȻͬʱӾƽμʱ򣬾Ȼûзʲô
Ǻǣ˰ź֮£ǰ֪ʶҶǰģĻɽ֮ʱ¾Ҫˡ
ֻǼҶǰҲ˵ͽǲҶ֣ҴЭҶǰһ·˳ɽڡƽЦ
Ҷһеˣǿˣ漴ڵдʵΪԼλģ
ԣƽЩԵĲмڵλΨһвֶͬʵ׵Ĵ磬µȷҲһȺĵ
ֻ˰ֻҪְ߱źˣɨӵĲ484£
ⲻĻ̻̣²ɵӻֻıֶݣûĸ޳ǸҪǻ
ȻĸߣһİˣǱǶҲɹŵļϸҪĸǻֻһбҷ֡
֮£Ǹıԣĸ޵ǻ˳ڰй۲ǵıڹؼʱ̣һ
ԣҶüͷһ壬˼Ǽֵܣѵһ֮ҲûУ
ǺǣǳĻһɣʱʳΪֻǸǵûпԭ
ԣλֶʱǻҲȡ裬ѵ⣬һЩΪʷȥΪϳʳǡ
ʱĸ׻ڣ֮£Ҳűֻһ˰㣬һ֮ʣȣҼ˺֯
ҸκġֵܡҲȨλĻ֣ҶǰļͥŻ˽еĿɬ
ԣҶипһ㣬𣿡
ڣٺ٣Ҷǰϰ˺ڰеϲֺڰеʹǿҲһùһֻǱͻ
ңһҵȶͬһ㣬½ƣҷ¶ģ˫֮£û˸ҷңˣ˵Ѿһεˡ
ǲִʱ򣬴󲿷ʱ£׬ģûиж֮ĵˣǽ˺ģÿ˽ʮʱ俼ڣһƷϸ񣬾ԶҲˡ
ԣûԼҵҲصΪΪǸԴ
˵쳣ԣҺҲܳԽλֵģֻ޷¶ˡ
ף֣֣ϷȻֻܷһ˿΢ĽƲȴ޷ʱ뿭Ȼʶǿ塣
ԣǿҲǿЦʦ棬Ī˵ûнӴֽƣܸ´˽޷⿪˵һ
ǧǰޱɱջ£Ҫȴһȥ͵ϮɹţһɹݣǱ˾ͽϹΧ
ǴǶˣҲǺ֮Ҿ£Ҳˣ£Ҳһֱûжκ
ʲҪ𣬱ǹ۲꣬Ž֮λң˶ġ
Щƽŵľڲ飬ǾԲ͸¶䣬ϣλҲҪΪǡ
֮Ȼ£ʵʵһ㣬ֻĬαװЩѵģֻʺϰɱʺ
ƽܹΪѹƣҲ߽׷ֵں֮ѧģҪ֮ʱϷʩչһΣֻƭ˵۾ȴƭ˷֮
ˣҪѩߣ֪ܷʱƽȻһ䣬ǿԣüͷһ塣


608 ŷХ˼
ǿƬ̣ڵ˷ɹţԼŻж£ԭ԰ŵġ
ҸҪȥ㣬ҶɺȻɽڣżѣҽϷұļչأȫȥ졣
˷ĲҲȷ˴󹦣ûʲôʧɹźԮشʧС
ĽѩΪԼԽߣǸо治ȫʱ͵ɽڣǿԱǣû˭˺ǡ
ԣҶɲƽӹĿ࿴ıԣҶͬʱҲЩͷʹû뵽ǿȻ˵֮£Լ˵ûеõġŷХĿҶɡ
ǺǣҶɣҲˣϷ㣬ҪģǶѾףҲûıҪˣöҩҲûˣ˭֪Ҳ޷ǿĻһ䣬Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ϼһڰҶΣۣҶɱ¶Σգԣõİ취ǣǿ˵õֻǵʱǿ˼
ҶЩмĿ˿ǿͷ˵ʱĺʱµȷܿףҲȫ
ԭˣһʦͽǽϷĺÿ࣬ƽҲ̫ˣϷǱչ̫ãЩˡŷХҡͷ̾Ϣ
ԸûʲôʲôʱҲûΪûǿƽҶǵ־ĥԸ񡣡뿭˵꣬ŷХɫЩѿȴǲ˵
ˣɽڰȫ֣ҲûʲôõĵˣϼһҲᶯֵġ뿭䣬ͬʱһ
ϼһѵɹŵԪ֮лжɽڴڣŷХѿڶ
ԣ뿭ર죬ڵô￴ùϷֻ֪ԪԪ½ǸϲҲš
ҪȻΪϷģóС뿪ɽڡ˵껰뿭ɽ
Ȼˣǿ˫Ŀһе˵ʵõϢ½ϹûԪϹûϷǵõȷϢ
ԷԸƽԪϹûֵʱǧҪɹţɳȥˣܱܿԪϹɱֱԪֵʱϷŷԸƽŶ֣ɹš603£
ϵĲɱɱԪϹ˶٣뿭ת׿ҶһۣڵҶСӣ֮ɷóƣ
һҶ˫ĿһУҲɫһҪ֪ʿ֮䣬ܵĹϵҲǼɻѯĹͨȷ˼ѯʺ֮Ҫɻ䡣
ãȻˣҲҪ룬Ϸ˾ͲЩӰ죬ֻЩˣͬһ㣬ǲ˵ϷҲͲٶʣͷ뿭ֵ˵ȴһ˿ʧ֮ɫ
״ҶɿЦĿڵǰ˵ǵȷЩѴ
޷뿭ִϣˣҶæģϷȵǿĶתתúϢһʱ䣬⼸ǧˣ˵껰뿭뿪
εҡҡͷϹȻЩأɽڣһҲ˸еһЩ
ʵʦֵΣ֮ʱӦ֪ͨǰ벻Ҳ֪ͨһġʱǿȻŷХ˵һ䡣
ԣŷХɬҡҡͷʦܣ浱ʦ㶼벻𣿵һ٣뷮һ㡣
ʵʹϢֻϧûйæˣϢûлظǺǡ
ʲôŷҲ֪ͨѣʵҶĳҲŹֻûнӵظҶЩ˵㷮ŷХӣԼô˵ҲȹȻԼҷԼôҲܾݶġ
ǺǣʦֵӶûǴţû˵֮¡ǿ֪Ҷɾȹ飬˵˵
ɣҶ˼˵һ䣬ȷͬΪԼΪ𣬾޹ϸˣһɽڣһɣԼҲҪܵǣ˭ҲԸ˻ˮ
ˣŷţҶǰȻ˵£ȻضʳˣϾΪĸ£ʳҲҪһġƽȻ˵һ䡣
ȵȣ˷´󹦣мڵΪЩǽͨҲûʲôöˡŷХ˵껰׳һֻ
лŷţ֮£˵Ľҽܡƽһ˵
°ɣʦҲһƬ⣬ǾÿԱѩͽ߰ɡǿͷ˵
ԣ˼ӹֵлŷţлˣҶǰǣƽɴ˵꣬뿪˴
ҶɣھʣˣϷǰʵ뽫֮λ㣬ԼƷϷάɽڵġŷХȻ˵ҶǿҲһ㶡
ŷţ򲻿ɣҶĳȻͨʵڲίΣ֮£Ҷĳӡ֮иģʵԵΡҶɿɲ뱻һ˩סʵԼרĺá
ǺǣСӲѣӦʦڣŵģû̫£һ㲻ᾪŵġ
Ϸ䲻Сλרϣ׶ɽ֮ĻҲֻˣɽٷĻᶼûСŷХڵ
ҶɣȻᣬɽĴɣ滹˰дò⣬ҲȥʦֵģӦûʲôסġǿҲȰһ䡣
Ƭ̣ҶüͷһĵȻλ˵ҶĳȲѣһοʱ䣬Ȼڴŷš˵껰Ҷһ󣬱뿪ľȥ
ڣֻʣŷХǿˣĬãŷХ̾ϢһʦܣǷںң


609 Ҷɵı仯
Щ΢ı仯
Դɹű͵Ϯ֮˾ͽлıѣر˵ҲΪɹЦ
֮䣬ɹŵѰټֻǺܿϧӰӶûпֲںڰеִʱ򣬸Ա˷֡
ԪҲǰ֮ǰǰؿɽ˵ǰŹ򣬵ʳǵİ£Ϊģ
˵ɽڲͨǿߣһɽϹ֣Ĺɢޣ׷׸оɽڵǿƺǿָտɴ
ҶҲûн֮λȴҲû뿪ɽڣһܵϮҶɵĻصݣ⵽ȻԼ£Ͼѣʵڲ˱¶⡣
ɽڣľĳ侲֮ڣ
Ҷɸ磬ǺʱȥѰҩٻһ䣬ȴĿĲΪʲôҩҸҶˡ
ԣҶЦЦٻ⼸»Щ鴦ʱٳȥƹһߣ˵ʱܻġ
ЩĽӴʵ˲٣˵ƲҶɵĸĸҶɼ˻ٻˣҶɵУȴȥǵ
˵Ĺϵ΢˿ȥͬһ㣬ֻҶٻ֪ǵΣֻû˭ȥơ
ҶҲתؾһ뵽ȻػٻͬξһĻҶԳ׾ܾÿҶἰ£ٻ⡣
ٻȻȥϢˣٻ˵꣬뿪˾ңûãҶɵĸĸ˽
ɶٻĹϵˣٶϲٻһݱһ䡣
ʱ㻹ǲҪκˣӳˣԼ⡣Ҷٶֱۡ
һᴦõġҶЩΣƹһֱûʹ£Ҷɻǲ֪λش
Ҷɣ㾿ʱߣҺͽǵȲˡʱ⴫
״Ҷ΢΢һЦҰɣǴžͿ뿪ˡ˼䣬뿪ֻʣҶһھҡ
Ƭ̺Ҷɵһӣһǽ֮΢΢һΣһŻֶصһ˿һźֳֺۣڽꡣ
곤üĿ㣬ȥмӢ֮⣬ڽʱĴûУڡ
һɢϢֲȻһͨǿߣ˫Ŀʱȴ¶һЩĿ⡣
ǣˣϳɹԵ£Ǻ飬֮䣬ڻָͨʵһҲʵޱȣ֮
״Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴Ż˫Ŀ΢еĿŴ⣬˼ʲô
䣬ҶѾһʵһ֣֮˵Ҷֵ֮ļꡣ
ҶҲǹ֣ΪҲǸӹ̣ʱóԼһЩز鿴ֻöʯֱ˿̣ҶҲ޷ô
°ΣҶȻ޷ʥħ㣬ʶֱ̫ࡣ
ҶɵһһֻƴСͳУЩҶɷоʼѵҪ죬ڳǿнͽ֮⣬Ҷ޷ܡ
Ī˵ͨ꣬һֻӤ꣬ҶɶҲ֪ǹȱھԣԵʡ
Ҷÿǿж֮󣬶оļϴסӤʿҶҲоЩ
ֻǵ壬Ҷɲûн˵ûʲôΣգҶɾûн·ϡ
һ˵Ĵ˭Ҳģɽڱ֮ҶɸӸоҪȫƿء
ܹһƿ磬ܹ֮ͬڣҶԼǿ󣬾ԿڶǷ޵Уһд긨ս
弸֮䣬ҶֻҪһпգͻὫ˱óоֱʳͨǿ߹˼ݣԻӤֱӳ֡
ҶһԼմ˱˾ͽɽڣͨǿߣµͽ׻ӤʿȫڶڣȫҶɿɲ˼ʲôݡ
ҶɵԺУżֳֳִɱǿУͳһѪȳ棬ߣɱ⣡
ৣʱҶɵ˫Ŀ֮Уĺâĸֳһ΢Ц˫ĿźƵĸ͡

壬ûоãҶɸʲô仯һ侲ڣٻЩɻĿ塣
仯ûʲôɣǱǰһЩٺ٣չأʲôᡣЦ
ٻüһ壺ٻãҶɸЩĮˣԭӦңֻҪɽˣͻġ
ԭٻڹҶɸˣѣ˵ҲԣСӼȻӦˣôһȥֵ˵
Ҫٻһ죬ĵ壬ҪȥˣҶɸҵģҪȥˣ궼ˣˡ
ٺ٣㻹˵Ҷ˵㣬һΪʲô仯أʲôһȥΣգҲܸõı㡣˵
ţٻȥϢˣϣû°ɡٻ˵꣬ü壬漴뿪˾ңֻʣ壬˫ĿԶϵЦݻ
Ҷɣѵ𣿡岻֮ǰԼȥķ䣬ΪûֱӴ룬ȻҶѵһ
廹ΪҶڿЦһϢţȻֱӽ˺⣬вЩɬ
ִ°ѵ׸߽֮鶼𣿡ԶţҶɵץһֻƵĸͣ˫Ŀâ˸ŭ⣬ȥﻹаֵ֮飬ֻǣԸŰˡ


610 Σ
ľĳ侲ſڡ
ÿҪӣ忴ſڴĺ꣬ɫ΢ŭ˵
㵱Լʲôˣ˵ͼɫһ䣬һϢһţɫһףŵŵŵĵ˺ü
飬ôԼ˶֣ʱһü΢Ļٻ
״Σί⣬Ҳûа취˱չأκ˽ȥ򶨻ʰңǰ崳ȥ˶ʰˡ˵꣬¶ɫƺҶһ㡣
Ӧٻȥ˵ҲͰˣǼһҲ𣿡ȣϣ
ˣҶɸչأȻȥɣٻȰ弸䣬漴뿪εҡҡͷ

ѩû뵽㻹ţʱұģҲϲŮˣΪʼռǵãǵʱֻѩûƲҡʳĳ侲ڣƽ˫ץĽѩ֡
Ľѩһ£ǻƽĻУһ˵Ǵɱңǰңң˵ѾѾɱˡԱϣĽѩ¶һ˿˸С
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ȻҼµģãҿ㵽׻к͡˵Ż˾ͽлһǿ
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ߣϷһֱȥܳܵסͺá½ߵɫȴҶǰѺڽԳԽͨ鱦ķ롣
Ȼ䣬½ֻǰһҶͬ˲ưĳǰޱȣǰҲ֪˶٣ƺԼٶҪһЩ
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Сӣ㾿ʲôˣɽóαʩչӶ֮Ҳ½֮˿ֲģ½ص˵
֪ĻֻȥȪԼˣҶ˫Ŀâһ¶һ̵Цݣ漴ֳڤɻ꽣һɿ½ȥ
ߣΪϷû취ˣ½¶ŭ⣬ȡһöǰ漴ӿһɫ쭷磬һƮǵ˰֮⣬Ҷļӳ֣Ȼ׷½Ϲ
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濴ȥҶ׷½ʵ½ܵһ˺Ҷʱʱı½Ǳû壬ԼǺڽ֣ѱ½ɱ
ˣҶҲЩԲȻͨʵʩչڶʥħ壬ټҲһСģʱһãҶɿҲ֧š
뿭ԪȻռϷ磬ʱҲԻԪŷХ࣬ʱشա
˵УֻǿΪǱ˾ͽлļΣգڼʱһãҪҶһ³ذɡ
ٺ٣뿭Ϲû뵽ҶСӣȻܹסһɽڴڣҲֻʱ⣬ҿǻɡԪ֪Է䣬˻Ǽŭ뿭ˡ
뿭˿ƣɽһߣֻʱ⣬ҶɸסԷ̫ã̵ʱڣԼʵûشԪ
ߣԪϹϷƴˣҲҪ콫ش뿭ŭһ׼ƴΪѾ֣Ҷ̫󣬶óٻֻǿᣬǿĵֿ½ϹֵĹ
뿭ѣαƴҶѣϷһ֮ʱһͬ
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˾ͽлţܣϴҵȹȣش˻ָ۷壬ҲҪʮҡ
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ѵļƻ⡣뿭ȻЦЩϷʵĿ˿ԪϹ
ߣսʮѣҵȶ֣Ҫſ񡣡½˫ĿĿŷ˻Ǹ׳׳ӡ
ԣ΢΢һЦҲŭ½Ƿĳһ½ѵͨٺ٣ƺˣĳ壬֮ͬȾǶ֣ߡ
䣬˫âһ̼䣬Ϊһʮɳɫ޿һ֮£½ȥ
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Ԫɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱµľģȻɽһȴȫܹ
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ۣƺߣǿŷХɫһףѪƻûкϣֻǱɢľһεɶ
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ʹñߣ˴뿭ǿԼŷХŭһ漴ƴ֮£ʩչ˲ǿһ
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ֻҶЩڹżңڳĻֻҶɻЩӴҲǺϤΪҶҲ޷ȷ֮ǰӴżҲл꣬ǲ˵Ĺżҡ
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616 ն
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ףαƺǴЩȻ漴һģһֻɫӭɳץǵɫƥ漴ΪȭҶһҶȥ
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߼Ӳ̶ԼпַֻͬͬӳҲǲͬԪ½ҲֻΪһαһ޷ϣǲҶ
ڱΪҶɻʩչǺɫƥĴܹ֮ʱҶԼȴǰп಻ѣǵͨڣʹ÷߶ڤɻ꽣ɱУȻЩԲǰ̫ҶɵʩչһΡ
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⣡뿭Щɡ
صĿ˿Ҷɣ漴뿭ļĪҪѵǻǿС£
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Ȼ켶ޣʥѪһǰ;һֱɫȻĹŻߣüͷһ壬״̧ʩչͨУâһһָ۶Ѫɫƣǰɫһȥ
ΪǰɫӦÿԵֵʱȴһķ֣侹Ȼֽͬһ㣬ָ׺ķ顣
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ˣ½Щŵ˵
ܣٺ٣Уǻܵ𣿹ӻȥһۺϣһһ򾡣ԪЦ˵
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ˣһȥɽڰɣδ䣬ֻŻ½ɫϼһ漴ʧ
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漴һߣкڽŴһնͬʱҶɵʧǱһն飬漴һָ˴Ƭռ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ɹݱԵĳǳش͸ڣ󲨶һҶɵӰֶҶ̳һɶȥ
ǿҶɵˣɹʱʹùģֻȻû뿪ɹݷΧҶǼæ̷˼Żָĵҩ
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ˣСѹƲסˣʵڲУ˾ȽҶԼɽ٣ԼӰɡСഫ΢ȥ˵֣ԱҲЩ
УҪһߣԼ¸㻤ҲֵסǸˣֻܾصɽڣ㰲ȫĶɽ١Ҷɻδ䣬ǳɹݷΧݵؽ硣
ˣﵽɽڣ·̻кԶС¼ֲǸʱˡС̾Ϣһ˷ǸӦҶΣգС
ʥѪ֮˳׶ɽʵǿгתѱ⻯׽٣СֻʥѪ֮ѹ׽ٵʱƳ٣֮ƽ⣬ˣ׽ٵʱҲƳٲ̫á
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ŶԷԳƱɣҶһͬʱҲûϵԼʹ˴󣬶ԷҲô׷ϣ˵оǵ޷ֵҲԸԴУ漴׼ʩֿѪɫָ
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ҶɣӦÿѪܵǿ֮˰ɣĴֱͨ޷⣬ΪԼѹħԣΪ˵İȫҲΪ˲ܱ˵вȡ
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Ҷһ漴һһֻƿУŹŻ΢ЦлŵѽҶĳѪҶĳϱУٺ١
ҶɻζһеƿһƿǷһѪ죬ɢɫϼѪ飬Ư˰գ̺һɹĿֲ
ʲô⣬ôܣôѪһ˾ŻҶǰѪ飬ɵľһҲѳֲס֮ǰĳȡ
״Ҳ΢΢һ㶣᲻Ҷںδܲü̳кʿһĿ⾪ɲҶɵϡ
ҶͨŻ֮ڣȷ˴Ѫ֮΢΢һЦл֪Ҷĳ治֪ľѪֻżȻһ嶴õģٺ٣Ȼ׿ȷˣҶĳͷˡ
ʲô㡭Żɫ΢䣬оԼˣһ㣬Ǵɫ粻
СӣⲻԼİɣɽüͷ΢ĿҶɡ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦƿѪڵ嶴ٻһл긽ʿʿߣΪ˼
ļ̳һٵʿ屻Ҵ򱬣ӳһƲл꣬ǿӦҲһͬʱǰͬķӹһ١
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ǺˣѪܣϿȥʱһãѹħԣʱ䣬ǧҪڴǶǷͣٱʴɽԸһ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ漴ת׿۷漴һ죬ץͷ­֮ϣЩԵĵִ漴ǰ
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ɽ濴һۣڵλǹ˵Ĳ궼òϣһƣǿ˭ҲӲ
ɢɵʵǶɽͨɱȣ˵׺ڣδϢתɽٷҲǾ߱ҵȲӵеʩչ
Ըǣ¶ʩչֹͨ£ǱҪȫûĪ˵⼸ˣԪɹŵĸϹֵ꣬ҲɢɵĶ֡
̫٣֮Уûм߽ˡε˵
ǼʮɽΧɢɣ㲻УɢҪߣûס˵ϵƣֻܻɢɣȴ޷ɱңϵƶûСɽ˵
ֻܱĿˣ³Ԫޱ̬Ķߣûܻˡ뿭ӵ۵˵
ҲҪһƴһؽңϷǴ˷أѰҼҩȥɹݣ»֪ŻĴڡ
ڹŻһؽ磬йؽŻϣɹżȻǹвдˡ
Ͳ֪ǲǶʮǰĹаǲỹЩǶĻ֮ͬУǸǶ֡ɽ浭˵
ʱǿüڵɽǰ֪λ˵䣬Ƿŵ
ףô֪ϱԣȷǽŵɽɻ˵ͬʱ˽Ŀ⿴ǿ
ǿƬ̣ڵʵʹֹŵĺ磬ֻǺ֪ı仯γһɱ֯Ա
ŶֲĸŲƷԭǺ֮ˣʮǰк֯ˣ֯أϷҲû͸ĵϸ
û뵽ȻкĴڣȻ֪ŵˣ֮лЩ˵ģһټֶԸŻɽɫһ˵
ǿ̾Ϣһ˵ŵĺˣͲڣΪϼҲûйż֮ҵϢ
Ժɱ֯ݵ伮أʼˣӦҲһˣʱҲܲʢ¶ɽͨʿС
ϾǺڰеǽˣҵҲһӤԲʿѡ
ݴţʼˣӦüǹŵͬһʱʧģλʲôϵὨԿŵĺˣ
ʮǰһսΪûвμӣɽɻʵ
ԣǿЦһǰʮǰ飬ʵڲһ϶Ǻ˲μˣǰҲһϵó
ͬһ㣬ϿĳŵҪʵоͿǺĳԱ˵û˻֪µģԸ壬Ҳò˵ˡ
ֻǣϷһˣ඼ǻӤڣ˷޷ġǿ̾Ϣһ
ԽԽã岻򵥣ÿ磬ͬģֶȻǰ̺
ЩȲҪˣʱ꣬ЩҲһǲģǰĹȴʵǻζԸŻɡɽ˵
ԣһʮϹﶼûа취ʲô취ȥԸɢɣ

ɽڴ֮⣬Ԫ˾ͽл½Լյˣ˹Żܣչ̻ķԸֱֳС죬֮
Ż˫Ŀ΢еĿԶ͸¶һ˿˷֮ɫ߼أŻһϵˣǹżҲ־һ֧
ʮǰżҸ֮ʣպִ񣬵֪żҸ𣬱ǿʼӴ˺ٳ
˹ŻҲ֪˶ٴǶϴţǾǹʥ޵еıǷ͡
ŻͬˣֻʣԼҲ˲ŵ㣬ϡ٣ɹ֮УΪɹűǹ֮һִֻзְˡ
磬ٺ٣涼޷飬ϻҹŻϰ쵽ˣͳһ磬и⾪ϲû뵽֮꣬Լʥٺ١Ż˵꣬¶һЦݡ

ľ¥ĳ侲ڡ
Ҷϥ˫ĿԶżѪ֮Ҳ֪˼ʲô
ͨ鿴۷ļ䣬Ԫͽֻ֮ͨȹ̾һʿΪֻǻӤڣʵó
غһ·ɽڣ֪Ҷȥɹţ׷ϹȥԪ޵Ķ٣Լֲ̫Զʿɽڵʵ
˷ҲСĳ֣˵ߣҲ֪СΣֻΣͷҶҲ˷ʱȥۿʲô
Ԫ޳֣ΪҶǿȡһʱ䣬¼ɽϵҲ߶ˡ
Ƭ̣ҶɱǲѪֱ֮һº󣬲Ž˫ĿһյԺ˼Ρ
оûʲô֮ŵһװѪƿȡ漴һӡڷһķʽתЩơ
ҶɵɢĺâһѪܸ߸߹ƺһ䶯ݴżаȥ
ҶɵƤ͸һЩѪɢһѪ⣬ԶԶȥͬһѪһ㡣
ʱҶɺȻһԶƿһ𣬱ǳҶɵǰصһƿһһʺޣɢâѪҺ˰֮С


622 Ѫħ
Сӣ㾿ʲôطģȻڶ̶̼ʱ䣬ͽԪͨΪɽڣɽЩĿ۷
Ǻǣɽǰ£㻹ʱӺʡԱϣ۷΢΢һЦ
һµʱ䣬˶ѾϤҲ֪ҶɵķϵԪһɽͬ
壬һֱһ϶صļ壬˱ÿι綼Ҫֻ꣬Ǵ˷ҺԸһЩͽ׻У߽ȴΪˡǿ̾Ϣһ
ɽ濴˿۷ûټ׷ʣ漴ɫλŷХǿûдﵽɽ֮綼ȥչذɡ
ܹڴƵ֮ǰףҲһЩʵ޷ףҲܳһΪǼ϶ػá
ԣŷХ뿭һۣ˷׷׵ͷǿŷХ˿䣬뿪ֻʣɽ桢뿭ԼԪˡ
СӣһöȥЩôȻǵĵĹҲܲСϷѪͱˡɽ˵꣬Ƕһö
лǰһúоһȡսʱЩô˵꣬۷һЦǵ֮ʣͷһжó֮ǰģҲֻһЩƤëѡ
۷ĬĬزɽ뿭˲ʱļ䣬żȥ֮⣬Żһתۣ͹ȥµʱ䡣

ľ¥ĳ侲ڡ
ǵѪʧҶɵĶͷڣĸֳһâһźɫһ
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ѪɫգҶɼ̼仯ΪСҿʼŤ䶯ƺʲôҪһ㡣
ʱֻ۵һ죬ѪɫѶ¶һ죬ȫѪҺ۳ľ˳ڰ֮С
Ѫɫ˵˫Ŀ֮УɢĽâֻɫЩ壬ҶɿҲǵӦ֡
Ҷɲûʧ䣬¶˷֮ɫâ΢΢һ漴ʧ
Ȼ߾ĻѪħǼ򵥵ѪܡҶЩ
öϵļأڣӦ۳Ѫܣͬܰ㣬ٿٿǵӦֻ֣һ㣬Ĵͨȴǿϲ١
һ£ͬҶ㣬лֵĽɫ֮ΪѪħɣ˵Ŀǰ޷ӦֵĿƣڵһʱ䣬ߵĸӦ֮Ժ
ֻҶЩ֣˵Լ츳ھˣҲøһܴﵽ£ⲻõҶЩɻҲ˳
ѵΪжǷ͵ħԣѪ̫ߣҶξѪ֮ϣƺԭŽâֻǵΪ˻ѪħҶȴǲҿ϶
Ƭ̣ҶҲȥ룬֮ǰĲǻ£֮ҶҲһЩı䣬ԭһЩ궯ħԣƺ˹аѹ
ƽ֮£ҶɵǺٳֳ嶯ŭʱ򣬲ҶȻȥǷ֪ͣ᲻ٳʲô⡣
򵥵ĳŲٿѪܣҶɷļ󣬾һǿߵĸӦ֮Ҷ뵤

һתۣԴӹŻ׷ɽڣȥ˰ʱ䡣
Ԫ½˾ͽգֱɽڵܣиץһ죬ǰڵңңӦ
Żڽɫ֮ϣһʱʵ㲻ʲô䶼ѳأÿαչҲ򼸰꣬ǧꡣ
˹ʥŻЩУȻԳƽ󷨣һ֣ͬɽڵ
˶ûǰչŻķԸٿ죬һ˸췢ϼԪ۶ȥȫŻеնȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãŻһӭ籩ǣȻΪʮ֮ޣɽڸ߿ա
۵һ
һɹ·ƹ֮ϣȴһ˿ûзĹ֣ȴǻ
״˾ͽл΢΢һЦȻֶΣǰҸоֻСҲ֮ͨͨҲΪǡ
ԣԪüͷһ壺׽̬ͣʵҪԶͬףڶɽ֮ϡ
ɣǷҲͬ޵аˣҲﲻԽսġ˾ͽлЩΪȻ
Żһߣ֪ʲôСͲ½֮Ͻʥޣ½޿ɱȣ
κһʥ޽ͨɽټҲĶ֣ںĴʥ޵Ѫ֮
ᣬͨڣǷγɳֻҪﵽ˶ɽڣɷԸЩ֣ȻЩǿնɱġ
Ż˸ߵۣ˲¶죬ȴû˸ҷҲû˭ŹŻĻŻǰʵʵڵˡ

ľĳ侲ڡ
ҶɾʱƿأڽѪħϣѪҲƿ磬ŰѪɫˣҶ΢΢һЦ
ֻʩչķСԸͨʿһɱУȻۻ౦ȻаѹҶ˵껰ǵһӡ
۵һ죬ѪɫܺȻҶΪһѪ۳һξѪûҶɵĶͷ֮ڡ
ɫƣҶ˫ĿһգǴϢϢպ󣬱˫Ŀһһƣ֮ɫһɨա
Ҳ֪СˣǼƷ鵤뿹ٵСȻ֮ͨ
Ҳգȥռ俴Ҳ֪ʲô仯ٺ١Ҷһǳ˷ռ֮ڣһŨҩӭ
˴ռ侹Ȼ˰֮㣬Щҩֲ꣬׳һֲ꣬һ޵Ļ䣬˫ƹ
ҶƳƷ鵤֮󣬱ǽֲ˷ռ䣬ӿ֮£ӿҪʵһ㣬컹Ҫһʱ䡣
شܵı仯Ҷ΢΢һЦֱ˵ݸû̫ռĴСҪ֪˷ǷҲʲôͨ
Ȼ³һ̨סҶɿЩǫ̃ףᳵ·һ̤ϣһ̣ȴǻһ
һ
âʯɢϯһɿձŭһööɫʯѣҶɵ塣
ҶɫһϲƬ̺ӺȻЩŤƺҪ뿪ʯף˫ͬʯһ㣬Ų벽
Ҷһ㵭ĽâҲЩƺĳŵ޷йϱһ㣬ɫ԰ޱȣĺԶͷ£дŨŨľ֮⡣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶɺȻǰһڣʧȥκ֪Ļ˹ȥʯ֮ϣռ䣬Ҳ˲ָ˰


623 
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ɽüͷ΢壬뿭뷮Ҳüͷɫ̫ÿӡ
ɽǰ֪ʲôԲߣû뵽ǹŻʵ֮ǿ̶̰ʱ䣬Ƶ˵һȥһ꣬ͿƵ뿭һǵ˵
ɢɵʵͨɽٿɱȣǻǹ֮ˣһЩĴͨʵҪܣȻġɽ̾Ϣ
ɢɾк𣿡Щֵʵ
ɽ΢΢һЦǺǣɽڿ׽ٻֻҪ׽ٵϴʿ׺ڼֵʱ㹻ԪӤڵԪ׺ȫתΪΪˣԪӤܹƽѹɽ硣
ڿֲ׺֮УֲԪӤڵתϣһʧܣϾ͵׺֮ڣȻһĴڣɽʧܣҲܽ׺д
Ҳ׽֮ԪӤƣҲ޷׽٣Ҳ޷ɽˣҲ˽ӽɰ壬Գ֮ΪɢɣȻԪӤ𣬿ǧ꣬ǿԻָġ
ָ֮ʵڶɽ֮ϣΪ䷨ӵʩչͬɽҲĶ֣ɢ֮Զɽڵġ
ԭˣϹȻǼǧһǰɽʧܣһֱŻָģֲҵû˵ǸʱҵȻûг뿭˼˵
ɽ룬ڵϷһסԪ󡯲֮ȻٿزЩȴǼֲһ״ɱ
ҵҲԴУЩʱգ׼һ£ܽϹ󣬵ʱҵȳֶԸܹмʤ㡣

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ЩãȻĿ˿ܣЩ֮ɫæվΣ뿪ʯ֮
һ壬Ƭ̺Ҷɵ¶Ź֮ɫ
Ȼ˶ɽڣ׽ٶûУҶЩŵ˵ҷԪӤڣƺЩ̫һһֶصϢ
һ£Ҷ˻֮ǰ龰̨֮ϣҲֵ֪һʲô͵ĹעҶɵ塣
ҶһΪЩԳǹЩҶֱӻ˹ȥһ־Ȼ׵˶ɽ֮
ҶЩãȻ֮ɫԺкȻһƪʩչܾˣзɽ֮ơ
ȴҲǼѣֱ˵ɿֲȻҪ콵׽֮ʱſ콫׽٣ɳɹ
ʧܵĺֱ׽֮£ĿԺСʵһֿ֮һٿ֮ﵽһЧ
ַΪסססס֣ʿʩչģǷףһͨԻû֮
Щⱦ̺֮Щڶɽ֮ʱɽ֮У˶ս֮ʱʩչ֮
Ȼﲻʿ׽ٵĿֲҲܲСƻ󣬶Ҿ˵ЩؼȻ̺µ֮ȴû
м̺֮ͨҲǼޣԲûбʿƹʹãϾһ㣬Ҳûȥоʲô
ǶԸܹ֮ﵽЧһ켶ֻͨǿ˿ֲ֮ҶɾȲɵһ顣
󣬼Ȼһע⣬Ҷȫ֮󣬱ǳĳ˿֪Լ׵Ĵԭ
ݼأͨϲſΪʱ׽ͣǿĴﵽ͵Ҫ
ͨڽ׶ɽ٣ضᾭһ׽٣һΪﵽͨ뷮ռ̤ʯףᱻǿйעһΪӲĹ嵽ɽڡ
ⷮռڣȴܹʿĽϢֻܳ˿ռ֮󣬲Ż⵽׽١ҲҶΪû⵽׽ٵԭ
ʯֲֿôΪʿڿռڽףӶʱ油׽֮ʱ
ɽڣ¾˷ΪĻᣬû˽׽٣Ҳ޷
ԣֻһḶ́ԪӤڵǹɶϢҲмأǡ
Ҷû뵽ԼȻҲӵһֲ׽Ϊ;Щܲס
һɷ֮ʱԪӤ׺תҲ̺ܶʱ䣬˳ɹʣϾӵһҲڿֲ׺ڼ̫á
ҶЩ˵ⷮռʷ˷ǶҶɰһΣڽ׶ɽҶɵںϾʱ㹻ҶԼҲаս׶ɽ١
洦Լ˷νջСȫϣͬʱҶҲӺ
﾿ʲôҲһҼ𲻵͵ӣĹܡҶ˼˵Խľһ㡣

ºɽ֮ڡ
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֣ôľףҪٵɽڵཨǸǵӾסĵط뿭Щ˵
ʱֻľһɫӰɶݶģ£ɽڲһ˾סɽȥ
ϷͬǵӰһ㣬ϿճǵӰƮ˹ȥ
ҶСӣŸսͨʮ꣬ôܽ׶ɽٵģڷ뿭Щɲ˵
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ڽɫ֯һɽ壬˸ĳʶ֮Ҳֺ̽ܵ׽֮˺
˸оɰϢ֮󣬲ɵɫһ䣬ɽ浱һʲôƺѾɽٳɹôǿѹ
ѵǲ׽٣뿭ɲ˵
ľĽƣס׵Ϣбĸ߽׿ռ䱦ͨ׶ɽٵ׽٣ֱûҲ˫Ŀ΢е˵
Сؼɽ׽ٻûйôģɽǰ˵ǱҪ콵׺֮ʱŻֵǰȷ뿭ɻ˵
ɽüͷһ壺ʲôԭϷҲϷӴɢɣҶСϵϢ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽڴ֮⣬ŻɫĿ·ԪҲЩɲ֮ɫ


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˵ʵǿģʱɶȹ׽٣ʵԲģҲʮգɽ׽ٶȹʱ̫κҲģ׽֮¡
ɽϣһ﾿ʲôû֪Ҳ֪Ҷζȹ׽ٵģ֮ɢ˱ǿҶһƣɽ֮ۡ
СӣûһУμֹģ뿭ЩƵ˵
ɽ˼ĵС׽ٵʱ䣬ûȫֿʵ벻ʲôĿġ
ѵڼʲôҪ׽֮˵꣬˲ɵĵ˵ͷоҲֻˣ˵ùȥˡ
СǹŹ֣Ϸ򶼿͸ˡ뿭̾Ϣһ۷΢΢һЦһֱûп˵Щʲô

֮⣬Ż˫Ŀ΢еĿҶɣɵüͷһ壬ΪȻûиоҶϵԹŻļʶҲϵóǲ׽١
ҶɾȻ׽֮´һ֮ãǹŻףҲҽʱϵ㳤ɡ
СӣЩŹ֣˷ϣȡʥܵõһЩĶٺ٣ɽ棬ϿҲ֪һЩܡŻѾʱţѻһ֮һɱ
Ȼв׽٣ô˵ϣȻи߽׵Ŀռ䱦׺ųġԪɫ˵Ϊ׽֮ʱڽɫâɽ壬Ҳû׽ٵΡ
ԪϹҵȻǿЩɣòһ£ڶƾͿƿˡ½΢΢һЦ˵
ԣ˵˵ͷжӿ˼֣ƺЩҲֻܵ˹Żѹļɽڡ

۷׷׵ʱҶȴЩ˷׽֮ǾһǸҶѡһΣҲ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ׽ٵԵʣħ֮ٵûг֣ҶҲûж룬˿ŬػָϢһµĿνСȹ̾ҲҪһʱ䡣
Ҷɷ֣ԪӤÿת֮ʱڻָϢİһϢָļ죬Ҳڿٵȶ֮С
һĺôȫתǿ»ָƶҪ࣬Ҳֻ˲ȫӵɡҶһ䣬һ˿ϲ
оԼ壬Լۺ̶ȣҲǿ࣬ʶ֮˽һ
Ҷɸо˿һȣ洦Ƕط֮ĸӦԱͨࡣ
Ҷ˫ȭһգŽ׶ɽٺı仯ɵһ¶һζЦݡ
˿̷κһ̺һЩط֮Ƚͨڵʱǿֲ࣬öɽϹʵֲҶϺЦ˵
Ƭ̣Ҷһ˼˫ĿһյĴϢԶ뿭˼״Ҳûдʲô׷׻ص

һºֻصһ졣
ɽڴ΢΢һΣڶƹֱǱƿԪǹһЦ뿭Ϲֻʣһƹ֣꣬ƿʱҿǻܶ㵽δ
ԣ½΢΢һЦ˾ͽлԺУ뵽ǿĥǿİ취
ǲҪɣһؽƣĹؼҲƳġŻ˵껰ǲԪǲٶԣרĵ

ٺ٣ҶСӽ׶ɽ٣ҲһЩʵϣŷХҲܽףֻǿӦòʱڽ׵ġ뿭ҡͷԵ˵
ֻǶɽٶѣȻɢɶԿġ̾Ϣһ
ڶؽҲƵˣϹʵֲ̫ԭΪҪңû뵽һʱ䣬Ƶؽơ
ٶȥ°ңһҲɽǰϷѽɽвȡҵȺʱʼûԪ󣿡뿭׸ɽһֻ
ȻԽԽã˶Ѿ֮Ͱ˵ȥɣҵʱ䣬ӽϡ
ǲܱĹŻ˷֣ҪнУԣ½Ȼϲ٣ڴƵ֮ǰӽϡɽ濪ڵ
ãҵȾͲҪ˷ʱˣȥ÷ɣ˵껰۷˱վΣ׷뿪

º翴ƽһȴǰз΢ı仯
һЩС׷ɹſ£ʾãڹһЩҲɹΪԪȻûʲôȴǳüչ
ɢɼڣҲͬһĴҴҶǵǸ֣عϵĹ塪Ż
Ҳˣʿ׷ɹſ£ȥе˸֪ԼԨԴֻմѡ
ҲЩĹ֮ˣһֱǱطһ̣·ֿϣ׷ͶɹţȻĿģڣѰҹŻѡ
ΪԪĽֻҪǹʿΪߵͣɹ϶ǴϱЩ˵Ҳأûʲô˸̫ſ
Ȼһ˵Щ⣬һߣԲΪҾɹŵĵ飬һɢޣֽ˫
˫ҿֵİɣҲգ˷ƽϣ߰ɣȡ֣һ߸ϵ֮ˡ
ʲôݣϷ˵˫䣬м΢΢һ䣬һɫϼѡ
ţ˱ǸоܿռһһƬƬɫѩƮ£ǻӤڵʿմȾɫѩҲɵɫһ䡣
ҹ֮ͨһ㿴Щ󱲣һʩչĳ㵱ڲ֮ˣҲ˭лѧģߣ˫Щ˵
⣬ɣţλһġЩɲ˵Ϊ̫ͨ죬ûɵһЩ
أ͵ŻҪ󱲾ﵽʲô̶ȣɢɼϷǲ⴫һЩ˫Ļһ˵꣬˲ЩѪ
ɢһС˵˴󻰣¾ǹˣŻҲſСûȨȥ֮˵
ŻżֻЩ̾ϢɳӤڵӣһ·Ͻʹô֮£ʮʱ䣬ǸϵɽڸպÿŻƽ
ûӽʲô˫ƺһ۱ϳĸǹŻϾͷ֮ˣ϶ǹŻˡ
ǹȥ˫˵껰ǴӤڵӣɽڷȥ˾ͽлɹŵˣҲûʲô
ôˣʲô飬ϸҴűãǴһڵİСʲô˾ͽлЩ˵˵
ţ˫򡭡һӻû˵꣬˾ͽ˱üͷһ壬Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ǹŻСӣ֪һ֧ϵˣ˫˿Ż˵һ䣬˻˶вɵɫһ䡣
һСȻԲѣ˶Դһɢ˵˾ͽл׵壬һɢޣףҲżʲôϵ
˾ͽлһЦҲһĳڹŻǰһ
ŻҲûȻҲЩ˵ӣ˫ܵסͨڵĹ˵˾ͽлûɱ⣬ҲǲС
ƻû£˫ɫһףѪĵɶ嶼ǼߵĲȻûбѶҲǴƤ͸һεѪ
ʱ˫ε˫ޱȣ̼䣬Ʈ˰ɫѩǰγһѩܣʵ̫ѩֻǵֵƬ̣Ǳ飬ҲһһûͨһСȻԵֿһͨһ
ס֣˾ͽлٴηѣŻȻɫһĺ˾޴ƣصĿ˫ǺˣϷ򶼲ĹǴӺδѧģԱϣһεǿѹ˫ĸռ䡣


625 Ե׼
ߣӣϷǹǿʮǰԯżҵļսӳһƷֻ꣬˯֮ãѡ
һɢ޵ƿ壬֮ǰڶ嶴⵽һСӣٵһ
ֻѾںϹһΣ֮޷¶̫ãƲлӳûã˫ɢޣŲ·֮£ǽںϣƿ塣˫ɫ΢ŭĿŹŻ
ʲô㣬棿ŻЩԽܣԼΪɢɣĴڣȻðС˵棬κ˶Խܡ
״˫ڵСϴҶսҷĿ¶âƺǷЩϵϵϲĻ˶ǽӴ˱
˲֪ѪħõҼǧѪѪ֮Ҳ޷ѹħԣ޷ƿش˱
ԣҪ콫ǰã֮ȫѰǸСӣܵõǷҲ˵ġ
˫˻˵꣬һ¶Ź֮ɫȫ˹ŻŻҲ۽һЩ֮ɫ
״˫üôƳ⣿޷ɣһ׵˵Ķ㲻֮Ҳɣ
ŻɫЩ˴˿̣ŻмѾȷ˫ӦþǹżҲһʿˣɽӦͬһʱģ֪ء
ʩչĹԼᣬԼǼҲֻźû֮
Ѫħ֮ȴûѪļ̳֮Ȼ޷ѪܣֻһȱѪû˸á
ΪһѪޱȣżȷԸûҵʥ֮ǰκ˲öξѪѪܡ
һѪʹϣ󱲻öǷͣʧȥѪ޷ѪħҲ޷ƿضǷ͡
ԶڹŻξѪǹޱȣڻѪħֱǿпޣϾԼ͵͸κˣҲ޷żЩҲû˽
ŻȣϾֻǹżһķ֧Ŷһ٣ûѧϰִͨʸ񣬴Żණʧ
Ż֪żһЩأԼѪħ֮ʵִʿûʲôҲѣֻʱȽϸߣɽʧܣҴɢɡ
˷ոԭûãǷԸԪʼչͳһĶ俪ʼԶ֣Ͼż繫У㰵йսǷһЩصʿ
˵һɽ棬Щ⣬Ҳ޷⣬ֻҪûɢɣԼԾ޵еĴڡ
İȣҲɲùŻϣϲԻôżһЩ˷ԼҲʸˡ
ֻ༸ǧ꣬ѪСӵߣԼֽѪħС˫ַϣǱ֪»ֱ
Żתһ룬ҲֲԼϾԼҲ֪Щ飬λԼҲûʲôв
ǣŻɫεĵȿȣ棬СӾڴ֮УһѪħѾ֣ľġ
Żϣ˫ɫѿ֮ụ̆Լֻ֮»ֱһĹȥֱŪŻ
Ĭã˫ĵȻˣҲֲ㣬˻ѪħѹƶöǷ͵ħҲ޷
ֻҪ֪ƿʥĿھȻ޷ʥܣҪ֪׿ھ˵Ϊһᣬֻɢڵˡ
ԣŻ˿СӾٺãҲܻ׿ھģϻ¶˹ЦݣֻҪһƣȻȽҶɽץ
˫ĬƬ̣ڵҲܲȻܵõʥ˵֪Щʲôҹһײֻ֪
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ٺ٣СʵڲһЩ˵ҹżʥĿȨʥ֮ڡ
ʲôŻһ϶ʱ¶Цݣ䵹Щս֮ʱҶöʥԼʡЩһϲ
ȻǰǼʸѧϰҽڸ㡣˫˵꣬Żԥæˣܵ˫ܴ

ºɽڳһ˿仯
ԭɽں󷽣һЩɽ嶴רŹһЩ֮ãȴǿһˣиߵͽ׵ӣǰɽɽŸĽȺڡ
ƺɽˣɽţ׼ƴһսУȷʵЩЦΪһȺӤԵģͨϵǿߡ
ɽһͰɽ֮ϣɽ棬뿭۷գһɫء
ֻüʱ䣬ᱻƿ÷ǲ׵뿭Щ˵
֣Ѳ˵һشƳôǵٶȷ֮ǰҪһЩЩ˵
ԣɽüͷһ壺ΪʹõϹƽطϲ˸ˣ£Ҳһʮǰϲ
˻һЩĿɽ棬ô˵ʱ򣬰ԼҲȥˣѵˣԼҲʮǰĴڣ
ʱԶһɫݹһģ֮󣬱ǳ˸Ҷɡ
ףϢȻȹ̣׶ɽٻһʱ䡣뿭ЩɲĿ˿ҶɣֻɽЩɫû˵ʲô
ҶȻὫľ˵ֻ΢΢һЦǴеǰľЩתɣҿʱͻƿ֪λкߣ
뿭΢΢һЦڵҶѣ˷ɽǰһ󷨣ΪԪҵֻ󷨣ɢһ
ŶϹɱ֮һ˵䷱Ľϴƿش֮ΪҲ̫ܼͣǿ˴ҵȻһЩʤ㡣Ҷɵ˵
ҶСӣ㶮֮ɽЩȻ֮ɫ
õһƪϼ¼ֻûϸĲ֮Ҷɻݶƪ֮
ʱ򣬻˶о˴󼴽ƣŷХǿȺأŴ˴
Ѿʱ̫̣ʵѽ׶ɽ֮ŷХҡͷ˵ǿǿЦѡ
޷ûףҶСӽˡ뿭üŪ۵˵һ䣬ŷХǿϸʶ֮ɨҶɣȻ·֮ɫ
˿ڣռ䲨һһŶɫȹò񻣬ɫЩŮӣǰ
ʲô衢ҶɼŮɫ˲һ䣬һֱƽɫҲǱЩ


626 ǿ
ҶɿŶɫȹŮ΢΢һ㶣Ժ˲両ֳӰӣӰغ֮ҶɺȻЩԡ
Ů˵òἫƣֹȫͬڵƤöŮӣǰŮӣЩ䡣
СࣿôҶʶһɨЩȻ֮ɫŮȻС໯֮ûɡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ֪СԱ𣬻ΪСûģҶЩ㶵ĿǰŮӡ
ˣʲô֮𣿡С෢һ˿Լ壬·ԼҲЩϰߵӡ
ȿȣҶɸɿûʲôôûģ
Сü΢壬۵ۣԼӣЩɻĵСҲκģ
һЦҶѣ廯Σһ㶼Ψɣģʲôڻεһ̣ԪΪе̬ԼԿƵġ
ȻСԸ⣬ҲԻûȴ㲻ûκıòֻһݻˣôСıòкβ֮
ȻʸԵˣ˷Ľͣ΢΢˵ͷ׷װԲ²ݣֻǿü
Ҷ¶˼֮ɫ񣬿ڵǰһôԳүҶʵԭǰϲϷԳүС࣬Ȼǡ
СһЦƬ糺죬촽ˣСֻǺ̬ͯ俪ǲߣֻǼһְˡ
ԣҶٴȻȴƲƲ죺С࣬Լ˵ĺǺܸߵӣոջκ壬ʮĺһ㡣
ȻνǸոմ󿪣Ҳҵȣڣ㻹ýϷһǰٺ١
ãǰС΢Ц˵꣬ЦһǸС࣬´ΰȥǰá
һһ߽׶죬˲ݸһЦ˭óǷǳϲСģȻֻǵϲһ۰ˡ
Ҷ˰죬ƺûдСò֮лعǿһ䣺ҶɣΪɽڣط֮ƿҪҵȣѵܽ临
ԣҶɫĬãεҡҡͷ£Ҫĸ˲ˣҵʿΪҶΪԽԽߣҲӸо˻ŶѶȣʱ嶯뷨ǰ򵥡
ҲƺʲôҲûѯҶɣɽ濴˿ˣڵˣȻ˶ˣǱúоһ·ɡ
ǿŷХԺǴٿ֮Ƕ˴ٻӤԲʿٿԪ󡣡
ʲôͨڲٿش⡣ŷХоЩСãʱͨȻﲻϴæԸ˾ͽлԼգǿġ
СӣɽǰʲôűáҪ졣뿭һŷХһ֮磬ŷХǼæ˵ͷɲҸʦ涥졣
ɽȻͨڣ뿭뷮ʱӴԽо˵ɲ⣬ң仹пµԪϵͨΪ
ɽֿ˿뿭뷮ڵסԪ½˾ͽԼգдĸռϷģصģҷʵԶʤͨɽڡ
ãһаɽǰİš뿭˵꣬Ҳǵ˵ͷȻоԶİղ󣬵Ҳֻˡ
ɽ濴˿ܣЦҶСӣķϱԪԼϷˣսŻɢɡ
ԣ˽ɫһԭоЩѹ뿭ˣʱоԼ֮ͬʱҲЩǵĿҶɵˡ
һаɽǰİűáҶɫصĵ˵ͷԪ޷ԼСֻ࣬ҪҶͬ⣬Ȼᷴʲô
˷ҹѣԷʵ̫ǿԣǴս߾ȫ˿飬ĻҵȫûСҲҪꡣɽ̾Ϣ
ԣ׷ɫȻһսϵɽԼڳ˵ĴҲϵŽķչ

պֻȻһ죬ɽһӦѶŻգ΢ЦĿ·Ԫ½գ˾ͽͨɽǿߣ¶֮ɫ
ǶһֱŻĽɫ֮ϣȴǶΪڵ˫ɫȻ˵һͨ챾첻ڣ·ˣȻͬԴһ㡣
·ͽ׵ʿиɹŵĵӴãŻս֮أȽҶСס˫ڽɫϷʩǿ޸Ҳӡ
ģСӲԪûǰ̬Ķ٣ܣҲӲҵġŻɫȻ˵
Сģô⣬ɣ˫䣬Ӱǲɽ·ˣɽȥ
ʱ˿Զɽ֮ߵӰɽˣŻ֮£Ǵɽ帽
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˫¶ŭĶҶɣСӣּˣֻǣû뵽ֳɣ
ǣҶЩɻĿ˿˫ʶһɨ󣬺Ȼɫһٺ٣ԭǹżϴ嶴ܵһƲл꣬ȻŲ·һС꣬壬֪ɷʣ
ԣ˫ɫһ飬Сӣسѿ֮ܣǵ⣬ץ֮ϷҪǣĥ㡣
ż֮ǿϹû뵽㻹šɽƺ˫ݣ
ǣ˫üͷһ壬ʶɨɽ棬ҲֻԼΪ̫ͣǶԷкα仯ǿ˫徹ȻûϳԷ
棬Գɽ棬һԪޣΪҲﵽ֮ͨŻŹǿһ䣬УѾ˫ǹż桪ǿ
ɽ棿㣬ѵǵɽڵˣ˭ǿЩɲĿɽ棬ҲЩ
ߣǿϹѵʮǰ˭ٵ𣿡ɽ¶Ц˵
ʲô㣬ǵɽڵĴϣϹֲøоЩϤϢ˵Ϸ࣬ǵӳһƲл꣬ںˡ
ߣϹʦֵܼƴסϷᱻϲ͵Ϯ֣ΪƾԼǸʵ
˵ǵĴҲǲСѵˣɽڵţĴʦģٺ٣ǿһ˵
Ŷ̸ʮǰľ£˵ûв룬ǸоѪȵĳ棬˫ɽ棬˵ǿ㣬³ɺһ𣬿ԸонǴŨŨĺ⡣
ȻǵʦֵĲԣٴ˷ȡ㹷ʱ򣬺ߣɽ滰䣬ֻתǰһ֮£ܺȻһƬޱ߻𺣣


627 ս
ǣԪ󣿸ΪɢɣȻ˴⣬󷨶ûз֡ܵޱ߻𺣣ǿɵɫ΢䣬ЩŭĿ˿Ż
Żüͷһ壬ڴ˵оЩ죬δʲô̫вԪɫɾЩѿˡ
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ԣǿֱƿڴԼͽΪѹס˳嶯ʿԪΪҵ֮ˣûн֣Ҫܵѹơ
һҵʵƣ˳֮£ʱԽãҵԽǲΪɢɣôҲ
ҵô죿ܼһΪϷԱ֮ǿɲǰ㣬׵ؾͿԱһ˵ģΪ㷢Ĺᱻһ֡
Ϸ䵹ҪǹżһԼܾĴͨϷûüڸ㣬ҪżҾѧʧ
ԣŻ˫ĿһУֱӿڣھҪżоѧԼܣȻǿԲ׵Ľ
ٺ٣ģϾҲαҴԿƣһԿԱİȫġŻ΢Ц˵
ǿ˵ͷðɣܲѧѧͿϷǷܻɣˣ˷ץסǸСӣϹҲҪһ׽
ãģ֮һؼʱ̿Ա㡣˵껰ֳԪ˿ڵǼ񣬾Ǳ棬а˺ǾͶûˡ
ԣԪ½ɫһ䣬˾ͽռæƣȵؽɫм䣬ŻԾȺһ˶ԸԷˡ
ȻһɢɼڣԸɽڣͨʿ»׾ٱģֻǣŻԵģƺͨˡ
˿̣ǿŷХѶݳ֮⣬ɽһڸ߽ףԪֻǻӤԲ࣬ٿشҪҲΪԴŷХҲΡ
뿭뷮ˣԭöԸԪ˻ЩѹǻҪƴǿɵѹ˲
뿭ɽַĽȥ粻ƣƬ̺󣬷־ȻԶ֮ѹסˡ
һߣɽ桢ҶɡԪ޷ԼС࣬ĵӰŻΧм䣬ɫأȻŷ󣬵Ҳûаһɢɡ
۹Ż˿֮ǵȻһЦߣΪ󣬾Ϳ뱾ɶԿˣֱ롣
ڷڴԽãԽҵȾƴҲٴ𡣡ɽص˵
ŶֻҪɽ٣ͨ򷢵ɶкѣŻһ˵ŻʶɨܣѰŴ㣬Լڴ֮ڵνؼһ棬ÿǲеġ
ٺ٣ҵȲסһʱƬ̣ҲôףʱһãҲҪΣաɽƺ˹Ż˼
˵Ļɵһ㿪䣬Żֱһ̧ɽһĶȥ
һ
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ҶɾȣֻԶռ䲨һɽθֶϴż֮ɫ
ٺ٣Ԫ޵Ķ٣뱾ɲ£ҲգԸԪޡԱϣŻСϣΪоСһɿֲĲ
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צϴһӴѹ뷮仯ֲ̫һѹƺ߾Ӹ֮ƣһɢɣȻȥ
״Żһߣ˷ݲȵ̧һ㣬һѪɫָ۶˲ײצ֮ϡ
Ȼһ죬߾ȻͬʱɢգŻȻû뵽Сһ֮Ȼ˰Եǵϴ֮ʱС໹ûʵ
ʥѪ֮ıޣȹΪ֮󣬾Ȼʵһֻһͨ
ͨ뷢ҲҪʩչֿͨͨҲĲҲʩչ˼εġŻ˵жͣһģ֮£ǳСĺֱϣٶʵֲ̫
״С༱æҪߺˣӴʵûԪֲֿ٣ŻŲæĸ󣬻ȭͷ漴һҡ
С˫Ŀһæ£˫֣һӲǵ¶⣬漴صһ죬Żһȭʵʵ˺֮ϡ
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״Żüͷһ壬ʵڱ̬빥˺壬Զ빥ıʩչͨСͨһҲܲСҲӲ
ŻһߣһȭС෢ԼԱмʵһڣŻȭͷײһ
صһ졣
С൱ٴαɣŻǱС벽ɼ֮ͨǿͬһʱ䣬һ
һС̣һ̵׶ɢ֮ŹŻһն
״Ż״־нâ˸⸡ֶ̼䣬۳һָĴ֮ͨһ鶯
޴ָײ֮ϣֻԵֵƬ̣ǱײɣָһЩײ׶֮ϣȻײķɲѡ
ָһתǳһֱûгֵҶײȥΪڹŻӡҶӦʵġ
ϾϴҶֶξȻûаԱ֮С࣬Ԫ޷Լɽ֣Ҷɿûˡ
ҶɿָԼɫ΢漴ֳ̧һץһ޽УС
˾޽״й٣ǰʩչǧն̫𣬵ȻɽʩչѹȴǱͨǿ᲻١
Ȼǧնķ֮ǿȻɢΪĹŻУǧնֶһֻ̣޽ֳܸһɫ棬ͬһϣǧնܱ
ʲôôܣŻɫһţͿԭЩõָǧն飬޽ǳŹŻһնȥ


628 ħսɢ֮
ߣŻһߣֺһȭӰЩõ޽飬漴ɲĿ˿Ҷɡ
СӣɽΪôӵѵҲɢɣϴο׽ٲǷ׺ӵģŻЩɻʵ
ٺ٣ѵҪɢɲſ𣿡Ҷɷһ䡣
ϻûɢһ˵ɽк𣿲ɽڻû콵׺ôӵģŻʵЩš
Ŷ˵ҶĳҲԳƵɢˣֻ𣬾׵ʱԶҶĳۺһЩ
ڷ֮ƿأԼҶĳ㲻ٺ٣һҶĳ벻ʲôսʤҵȡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
Ż˵뿭ɫصĵ˵Ҷѽɢ֮УҲǴ޷ϣˣ
ԣɽüͷһ壬ҡͷӦòᣬɢɶɽʧܣԪӤضƣ֮ӦȫҲ޷׽޷Ҷѵ׺ȡ
ߣԪӤģȻ콫׽٣ң׺Ҳó̫õʱתɽٷ֮ʱһЩͦȥ
Ż˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿Ҷɣɫ״ЩȻоҶɾԲԼĶ֣ʵЩ졣
ߣʩչͬĹȷֻҲ٣Ҳãñȿʵǲбɸδ䣬ŻзòҶҲ
ɽˣǳûж֣ΪҲҪҶɾɢʵ
һ
һѪɫӨָһƵ޽ȥ˸оϴһɹļµѹɵοˡ
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ãˣɽȸߺһ۷ԼС˿˲ѣѾʿеڿһЩԻﵽ˵еռ䡣
һߵ뿭Ҳ֪ԶʲôǸоǿֲĲѿռʲôʿ޷ﵽ飬ͱɽڸٵˡ
ʱֻըĴһЩģѪɫָǧն飬Ҷһȥ
ĻҶɷǵ˿ٺ٣ȻֻһƣʱԶķҶĳۺѡ
ɫ΢׵Ҷз任ͣâһ̼仯ΪһźɫƬͷɫǵľ޴ħ
ţħһ̧˾ֵĿУֲܿѪɫָץס漴ָһصһǽѪɫָΪޡ
޴ħһ֣ȥǵĶħһ㣬°âһŹŻȥ
״Żɫһ޷Զۼ֮ȻһѪâһѪɫۼҲǰθ
ţŻһͺȣž޴ħһȭ
صһ졣
ɫħֻ˫һ飬һĵĵ˲ѣ㻬֮߰ԶſסΡ
Ż˫һΣɫһ׵ĵɶֱʮԶ֮󣬲һ٣û뵽˷ƴ֮ԼȻ·硣
˵һСʲô̫ơ
Сӣ⾿ʲôϷ˵֮ͨɱȣ㾳ûҸߣʲô칦ֲȱݣȻѹϷɢ֮ŻЩ
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ֻȻһ·̮ɽ飬ɽ˿û̬֮ǽ޷֡
⣬ҶС幦Ҳ̫̬ˣȻѹɢ֮ɽʵ벻ͨǵĹ壬Ҳû칦ҶɻӵɽԽԽо˼顣
졣
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ҶɫһµĹҶĳгɣҿʲôǷҲﵽ˻Ѫħ߾磬ҲǱȽһ¸ߵ͡
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ʲôãѪħŻҶʩչѪܣɵɫ΢䣬ɽҲɫһ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶĹǿڽ֮ϣԪ˱ʱҲûʲôΣա
ףѪħĲѵǿæԪٻȥ￴ŻܻԿ
ʱ򣬹ŻһĿŷļǱѪۻ⼣߰ߣȥԴʧӡ
նѪܵţȻ䶴ҲڿٵĻָţȥҺһ㣬ʵܵ˺
ֻһѪܣùŻЩ޲ɼѪʵ֮ǿɽ˸Ǿﲻѡ
ҹżа﹥ǻܵۻġʱǿڽɫ֮ϣԪ˵Ļ£Զ˹
뿭ƴ֮£ҲסˣֻҲЩ棬ߵսˣ԰ư͵ĸ˹
а֮˵ǿȻŻɫ΢ǿĴֳ˾ϲЦݡ
ģֶΣһѪܳܵġŻϴżţҲ֪ǿ˵Щʲô
ٺ٣СӣȻЩ죬ȻʱڣͽѪħɣҹҲδšǿ΢Ц˵漴뿪˽
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629 ڻ
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ҶɸҪǷ͵ʱֻɽüͷһ壬ȵҶСӣǧҪǷ͡
ǿϼ޻Ὣ־֮˵Ϸ˽⣬ʲô취ܷش˱ֻϵѡ
ԣҶжһͣǿ۽һŻȻһ˿ʧ֮ɫ󣬹ǿЩԹ޵Ŀ˿ɽ档
ߣþͰˣҲҵȥ֮֡ǿһŻҲ֪ǿʲôȻԽĲܣȵѹסѪܡ
ҶСӣѪܾõ֤ԼȻƽ֮ǰѪɢɶЩ֣ȴѪܵаѹסˣɼǿϹʲôɽ治ʱ˵˵һ䡣
һҶɸӲҶöǷˣżҵͨԼȻܲСҪԸżҵˣȻ̫ܣ˵ʲôʱͱԷˡ
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ҶСӣǿϹȻʵͣвлȰɵɽ溰һ䣬Ҷɵ˵ͷ
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ǣ档Ż˿ԽԭԼԸѪܶЩ֣㴫һѹסһаԣҴڣ
ҶһʧȥѪܣ֮ǰƵȻ޴棬ŻһЦз任ͣܿռһ
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ٺ٣ѪȻʮǰĹżң㲻ʲôͨǷŵڣĳʵ뵽绹ʲôֵܹ
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мϼ׶׵壬һ֮ɢصĺѪɫ֮ϡ
һֻ̣Ѫɫ΢΢һͣ׾ٵĽԪޱɣɽ棬˲ɫһ䡣
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ҶɸոʩչǧնԼɫƣͨϼ̼Ѫɫײȥ
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ѪɫĻһչм両ֳһѪɫһתһѪɫ˿ۡ
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˵ѪɫСһȦҶɿɲ˷ʱʹǧնȹ̽ʲôֱӵһΣ˲һѺɫ
飬ȫ߶ڤҶɻ䣬һȣһԭĴʣ޼ķԼ˳ֱ翪բˮźڽעȥ
̼䣬Ҷɱɫ԰ףоһķѪɫһնҶâһ˲ָСİ꣬ȥħ첻ӡ
ݣ
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ǿһɫѩֻǰǹɾʣ޼˵ֻΪû˳ֱһ֮УȻѩ屣סһҲǹѪϴŨŨĺ֮ɫ
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Ԫʱг񣬱ϾɢɴڣѹɽһսĽȻ˵Ԥϡ
Ż˳ߣƬ̺ҶڰѳֲסһѪһĵŵȥҲǽ壬͵ϥ̷ŵҩ
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ǿüͷһ壬˵ܱסһαǿȴ΢΢һЦ
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սûйǿ֣ҵѾʤգЩҶѶùʥɽǰѡ
һŻѧ˹ͨҶѿҪԿȷӦ׼ġ뿭ɫص˵
ҶɳƬ̣ڵҶĳ˷׼УѰһԵˣ֪ɽǰҪʲôҩ

ºҶɸɽˣС˴͸ڣϰâһ˵Ӱʧ
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ԣҶɿ˿Զ΢Цǧ£˵꣬˶һᣬʧߡ


631 
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ഫаǿרаħʵһƿøܹ֮֮£Ҷ޴ȥѰǴ˵еĶ
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˵أţӰȻҶɺС࣡
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صһ졣
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ȻҶɶǰڼʶ®ɽĿƺһ߿ܰʯˣ̣ͨץһѵɫ䵶ֻ۾ͬһ㣬ɢɭɭâ
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ˣС໰δ䣬ſһ磬һ̺ʥӰİɫСƺҲоѹȻȫʩչͨ
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ݣ
ףҶԵĸо˷Ĺ˲٣ǽɫ䵶Ӱ޹⣬Ҷٴʩչǧն׽նɫʯ֮ϣŵŵŵĵ˺ü
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˵껰Ҷкڽصһɫʯһն飬丹֮Ŀ鳤εʯȥԲޱȣȴ˿
ףǣҶɿҲûϳ˵밲ʯģǴԲʯ޵ȷԴ߶٣ҶɽץУȻоһ˿΢Ĳ
ľĻҵΪȻԴĽ֪˵Ǻ˲ãȻĻޡҶЩŵ˵
ҶûйоֱӽѿĻ漴СǰУһṦ򣬱һսǡ
һֱͨǰǰһʯţ˿Ż󿪣ǽ̻һģԼһĻ棬ƺɫʯչֳĶһ㡣
ڹĵм䣬ͬĿʯɫʯڵһģһƺһֽƣɫʯңңӦ
Ҷ裬ȻԿаڣƬ̣ɵҡͷ̾ϢһСʯȥ
ʯ֮һʯҳУûκνƲмһķʯڷżֻյ
Զһֻɫţһ߿ݹǣɢŵĽâڿݹŴһƬں֮ɫ
ףƺжҶɿ˿Ǿ߿ݹǣ̾Ϣһ漴һһصһն˿ݹ֮ϣ˲ȼ
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Ƭ̣Ҷɿ˿򣬷ſһԵһ߿ݹǣŴͬЩںڣ˾ȴûе֮ɫԼʯľڴֵǾ߰ɫƶϿãɫӡ
ǵõҶɽʯңЩùڵĹŻˣ仹ҪԼ꣬Լ֮Žܣ󱻺ɡ
˿ǰãҶһУץһöھһҶûóȻ֡
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üͷ΢Ĵãûʲô֮󣬲Žٴβ鿴ԺУٴǵ
Ƭ̺üͷ΢壬漴ɫòСעǾߵɫãҲ֪˶ãҶ¶ݡ
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СӽΪԯκˣ֮ˣСӵ֣ŵνκɣɢڰ֮УȡΪ
ŵԼеʥħ֮ԼҪϣѪ֮¼һö֮ϣ˹峤ȫѰҴ
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ϣгһԵܹ˵أԼնɱŵƺȻңŵȥֻܹѾ
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λѣϷǻܹ֮۳Ϊʵ壬Ѿǳˮļޣʵ֮ǽУһ֮ɢ֮Ⱥ΢΢һЦ˵


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û˵⵽ʲôкξ幦ЧҶʵȺȴҡҡͷҶֻ̾Ϣһ
С࣬ȺǶΪһҾͳһ³ˮܴ֮ﵽЧû߽׹ѹˮˡ˵껰ҶɱһԾ˳ˮ֮У漴ϥ
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һ֮󣬶ǷͶԳˮĵֿѾ֮ǰǰңûҶɵĿƣˮ棬·ʱзɳˮ档
ºҶɽйͨȫһӲ٣ҶɾϲǣһʱԭѪܵаԼǷ͵ħԣȫˮ⣬ǷͿȥҲǰǰɭɭˡ
Ҷɲûоʹ˳أ˫Ŀ΢е˼Ƭ̣ǵһһöУɽ񹦡ԯ
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Ҷɹǲɽ繦˰ʱ䣬ⲻҶ겻ѣԺпʼ̡
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պҶԺϣ©֮˫һһĪӡһԪԼ˳һķʽתҶɵɢĽâ


635 ŻĻ
巢˼ı仯
ݴԣɹųһɢɣʵһˣԪɹ£ɹʵСȫɹš
ɽڽˣɽҲ绢ԭͨʵǿ߾Ͷ࣬˴ԣɹҲɽڡ
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ΪǰãɹžȻɽս飬ŴսǡŻսҶɣ
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һǹŻսҶɸ˳ҶɲͷǱĹɽڣҲẕֱ̇󡣡
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⣡ŷХЩ̾ϢɽǰԴӵҩƳ֮󣬾һֱչزأоһ£
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ǰΪصһ˵ȾԲڣҲڶ⹫ˣסģȻȫǹŻĺˣ֮ˡ
⴦˶ΪĹʿʵ˲٣һЩܹ֤ʵǹ˵ʿЩ޷֤ʵݵˣȴǱֳ
֮УȻһأκ˲ýӽɹ˾ͽлҲǲԿֺԪҲֻͨ
һ㽨ĳ֮ڣŻǿӰڵ棬ƺʲô
ڶ˵ͷգһѪɫľţǹŻոѪܡ
棬ҹ⼸ִͨԼѪܺʥѵû𣿡Żһ䣬漴΢ЦѪܡ
ԣǿ΢΢һЦٺ٣ѩԼѪִͨѧᣬǶɽڣҲԺɨˡ
ϾڵûʲôͨɢΪ´Сӣͨʩչ֮£ȡɱѪǿܶģֻǵͨĹѡ
Ŷ⼸ͨģŻҲоѩԼѪܵǿ֮ǵõҶʩչѪܣԼΪɢɶԸЩ֡
Ȼʮǰ綦ʢʱڣɹȫ֣ҲֵѩѪܵģҹżҵΪǰǿƣѹšǿЩԵõ˵
˶٣ǿʵˣȥǧµ飬ôˣ
棬ǧ¾ʲôܣŻһ䣬ȻǿֻΪŻǲҵǱҲҶײֺ
ٺ٣㲻ضʣҾͺˣʲôܵأ֪ͨңʱͬȥ³֮ҽѶǷ͵ƿؿھڸ㡣
ȻҹżһЩأԼвѪܵĴͨᴫڸ㣬ˣҪչأȳȥɡǿɫһ˵
ԣŻüͷһ壬ڵ㲻ңܽжһڸǧµʲô
ߣ˵Ҳ𣿱ˣϴζսҴףܵĻᶼûСǿЩŭ⡣
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ʲôô֪ǿЩ֮ɫ
棬һ˵ǹżһɷ֧ȴҲдԣΪ֪ܣ㵣Ĺ£㽫ϳԯΪ˹żһķ֧д£ŻЦ
㣬ɷ֧ȻǵĺˣǿɫһɫЩɲ
㽫һϵϳ壬û뵽ȴӹһ٣ഫǧµˣҹż֮ء
һϵһǾطԯ峤֮λŻɫȻ˵
ߣѵ㻹ɱҲɣˣ֪ǧܣҲʥĿھмִͨûѧᡣǿɫ΢˵
ŻȴһЦǧµܣҼʮǰغȥѰˣֻǱȫɱѣ˹ȥˡ
ڼִͨǧԪ޷ɽĲԪӤã㲻˵Ѿ޵ʵҲŹɣ
㲻ѧͨѵʥķﲻãֿھֻϷŻᡣǿаâ΢ɫЩ
ȻСܵõʥ˵ҽɱԵõھģѪܣûпھǿʹҲõķ֮
ҪǣѾ˵޵У޷͸ʥʹ֮Ҳûʲôźģϼһָֻţƫƫ΢Ҳżʹ
Ȼطԯؼ֮λնɱұǹżҵ棬㣬ĿˣߣŻ䣬̧Źǿһץȥ

ı仯Ҷɲ֪˿̣һ΢ЦĽ֮ڵĳˮ֮С
ѩ裬ÿһƬѩϵ˺һӤϹ֣ǻӤԲ˶ѩҲԲǶ֡
ǵԨڣʩչ칦Ԭǵǿ壬ԸͨΪԭɽֲ֮졣
ٺ٣ֻֻ۳ѩ򹥻Ԭ죬ӣֻѧ˵һ㣬˵Ҳֻеһ֮
ȴ˵ڶ㡮Զȵһ㡮ƮѩǿĶ࣬ɽͨԯȻֲҶɻһ䣬ѩѸһҶɵУγһСѩɫ޽


636 
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Ҷ΢΢һЦϢһºƣ֮ɫһɨգɫȻĿ˿Զ
ʩչ֮¹һ֮ɢ֮ˡҶ˫ȭһգоȵâɵ΢΢һЦ
˿Զĺ飬ҶӴʶһɨҲ޷һ߻֮ϸ鿴
֮䣬һŽڵ꣬һ߳ˮϴ񣬽Ϊָ˶ɽ֮ҶɲЩȻ֮ɫҲ֪ԭʲô硣
Ҷɳ֮ǿнڤɻ꽣ˮ֮УڵȻ޷లµںһֻܷ
ǶǷͣȻǰ࣬ȻҲҶɼƣûҶɣ´˱ˮء
֮ǰҶɳüֻƿʢųˮʱ䣬ƿǱ𻵣һ뵽ɽ籦ƿ޷ʢţҶҲȻֻǸоˮЩϧԼûߡ
ƺҶɵ˼ת죬ȻڵˣȻҺаħ֮ˮݣȴֿศɣ㲻ǶǷԡ
ԣҶһԭа𻵣ҶҲûʲôϧģԼҲûԺʹô
Ƭ̣Ҷ뿪ˮأ漴һǷӭ籩ǣȻΪСһת֮£һɹɿֲӿ
·ˮСˮճȣּأҲ֪߻ų⣬Ϊԭ˻ϣʼ޷ȡ
ߣҶɿһߣȫһߣͿڱԵһ޴Уϣ·ˮһҡβһˮεض𣬻ر
ʮʹƿǰȡ֮ã·ˮűһնա
״Ҷϲϲɫһ˸֮ڣ׼ȥˮǷҲὫܽ𻵣ǴܲףϾﲻɱҲ޷ʱš
ףҶЩȻ֮ɫճɫҺ壬ԶˮҪ֮࣬ڣȻ޷䵽͵ףգĴƮ
һɫҺ屾ճҲûзɢһӴͱԵǱɢһâסһεаħ֮Զ
ȻศɣˮݣôʢҺ壬ǺʡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
Ȼ޷ǰĹ֮ҶҲͲٶ룬Ͼʵ΢п¾̺ĳϵķ֮˵һֹԼľ磬ʵоס
ˣˣʱԶȻһģɫӰҶһ㶣漴¶Ȼ֮ɫ
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ˣʲôôоѹҵĻ֮ϹЩõΣƺЩ֮⡣
Ǻǣ޷ģʱ䣬ãԺʵ壬ڰ㿴ܷںϡҶɫһ˵
ŶǺãлˣֻԼʵģֻûȥǱס궺ӡϹ˵꣬˿Զ
ԣҶɾĿȥһ걻סԺм䷭Ҷɱ뵽˴ˣȻϴݣסļɹŵ֮һ
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ѻе֪ȥҩ鷳һӣԭǧִ񣬱Ѱһܵء
ֻǧ̫иԼƣЩΣӤҲҽӴѰҼʮҲûҵʲôܵأԭһûС
ϲĻǹŻѰţϾǹĵطֻǿϧȵһٺ١Ҷ˵꣬ǽ׵Զûлɱ
ĵĻɣһЩ飬ʱ㣡ҶɶϹ˵꣬뿪˸֮ڡ
θһʯң˶ǷֽͣڤҶһ뿪ʯҡ
ϲ˳أȺҶɺ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫܸоҶ֮ǰЩͬ˵
ˣû°ɣСһе˵
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Ȼദ˼֮ãЩϤСòҶɻǲʱĲtСΣ࿴ۡ

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ҿʯڵĹӰϢм֪ͬкιϵ·ϣҶһ䡣
ԣȺڵŶɻ֮Լоһַֻ֮Ȼ޷ӳʯңһƷֻȴǿԳȥ޷̫Զǿܳţɽǻѡ
ֻƷֻûʲôʵʼҪ;ŵСӽ׶ѡϾұȥʯҵġ
ףʲôףҶɻ
ԣȺ΢ŭڵˣСһƭҾʮ֮ã˵ҪʵҪ޵֮
Ϊף˵һлᣬҳȥȻֳư磬ϷԭҲǴ˶ֻ֣ҪܷҳȥϷҲԸ⡣
ǽ֮ҴڣȻ˵мûдڣܽҴڵѧᣬڹ֮УҲԳΪһˡ
żҵĹһȻ㴫ڵģǷ֪ҶЩȻ֮ɫͬʱҲ˽˹
ȻôѵżҵĹѾȫưˣȺЩɻ˵ǲ˽ı仯
Ҷûлش̫࣬ѯһЩ飬ºɽڴֵصѱīԺҶɣʶҪʣֱװûá
˵Ӱɽڴʧɽڴ͸ڣĳâһҶ˵λֶɽ˸оʼޱȽţһҶɣǵ
ţ͸˵һ̬ȱǰˣٴ̧ͷʱ˵ӰʧһӤϹ
Ҷѻˣ̫ˡףλǣҶ˳ľ֮ʱ뿭һеĴԶ漴ЩɻĴȺ


637 Ͼɽ
λȺһλʿɢޣ˷ҵȶԸɹšҶɲû˵Ⱥݣָǳʲôӡ
ȺѣϷδ˵벻绹ʿˡ뿭ȻЩɻ֮ɫԲ²ǲͬɽһ㣬ҲʮǰϹֻ֪ȺǱɽ汲ָ̫߳ˡ
ȺЩƣԼûŪô£ͳ˼ҵĴ֣ǶԸɹţԼ˵
Ϸ࣬䲻ǧ꣬ʶϷʵȺ˳Ҷɵ˵ǣһ䡣
ŶԭˣҶѣȱľˣҶأºɾ͵˾սʱˡ뿭ɫһ˵
սʲôսҶҲЩɻԭȥľ뿭ɫأǴżȥ·ϣ뿭ǽŻսҶɵ˵һ¡
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ҶɰѶ뿭˵Ļ˵һ飬Ҳû뵽绹Ϊɢʿһɽѯʼ󣬱ûʲô
ϲɽǰָ˶ɽΪҶû뵽ʱ䣬ɽǽΪָ˵۷塣
ǺǣϾǰΪڣֻҪ㹻ҩָҲ˵ǶǼҩġɽЦ˵
ˣҶСӣ㲻̫ģҵѾоã㲻ǾɽڣǻһֶԸŻһս
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ȻϴҵܽܣҲߣңȺѼ룬ҵ׼֣˵ܹµġɽüͷ΢˵
ҶѣǵʱҲʲôˣնɱŻ֮أ˷úһѡ뿭ҲǴͬ
Ҷһһоһ˿ů֮⣬漴΢΢һЦλѣɽǰŻԼҵһսԼѡص㣿
뿭شһ䡣
˵ĻҶĳ⣬ɽ޹Ҷ˵꣬΢΢һЦΪҶͬŻ
˶٣Ҷ΢΢һЦȻˣλͲȥ׼ʲôˣֻҪʱһһͬǰȥսá
Ҷɻһ䣬˱סˣҶ仰ڿЦ̽ҵ˼ѵ뿴λûйͬ˵Ĵ㣿

ͬһʱ䣬޹Ĵյ֮һϾɽ
˵ΧֻɽЩͽޣԽɽ֮һƬʯ᾵ʯɽͱڣ֣߽޺У˵붾ΰ޷뿪ϾɽΧ
Ͼɽ֮ɫģⶾΣԼеľɽԹһ㣬ܽȥϾɽڸϹŲƣֻҪУǸǾһ
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ЩڴеڣҲЩˣ֮ǰҲ̹ȻȥΪٸһλᣬǻѡһΣпǱһЩԵɱ˫ۣҲп˵Ըͬ
ϾɽԵֻ֣ܶ˫ĿɺͷǣΧޣȻͬ壬Ǽֻǣƺȫûǣֻ֪ǿʳŵʳԲŹ
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Σ֮ʱֻϾɽһһӰЩǱɫ԰֮ƺЩĿź󷽡
͵·˵֮ʱһǽ·޴ߣʣЩһֻֻͷǺвѣȴ׷ٶ˵Ķ٣ֻģ֮£ǲ˵ټ
һĹ򣬼ݹϾɽΧͣһǱŵ˵棬ǻ˹ȥ
ӰգͷһЩµҡҡͷȴǴ˷֮ɫȻȥǱһϢֲȻͨǿߡ
ɫӰһӣòҰ׳˶ȥ˱ըԵһֵĵӳǹطӦðȫˡ
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СӾϺȣ˵Ҫ룬ƫǽҽͨϵֻͨޣİ˺ˡЩŭ⣬ȴ¶Цݡ
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ˣɢ޺㣬뷮ӱֻǲ֪˺ʱ֮ͨϢȹ̵ӡ
ЦЦ㹴ңôǰȥʮǰҶ˱ǸطһΪˣǽ̫֮¡
һҲΪҲˣСҲǵӴһҲ֪ʲôҩһţ㾹ȻƽˣȻƿû뵽ʮǰȻȺ֮ͨ
˵ѵǽҲֻŵҩϧȫˣ֪¼Ҳá
ҲҽҲ·һֻ˵ǻԵ㹻˼ҪǽͨҲ޷ӳǸơ
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ãлȥطתһȦˣȰСŪѣһٶ꣬ûʲô仯˵껰뱪Եԣ漴份ѡ
ڶ֮󣬿ʼЩţһ׷֮£ɫһ䣬ȻЩԾ¶޷֮ɫЩԽܡ
૵ӷȥƴһ֮µõԵͨΪ޵ˣðô֣ર죬ҲЩζ

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ɽ桢뿭ŷХǿҶɡСࡢԪ޷ԼȺˣ뿪ɽ֮󣬱ǺƺƵɽжȥ


638 ˳ս
磬ɽ
˵ƽʿ֣ǼǳأҲԶнճ롣
Ȼǧһε٣ǽۣĴɣԼ·ɢޣ׼μĻӤʿ˵أʱɽֵʱ
ڲٵʱɽȴЩССһ򣬾ȻĹڡԼ·ɢޣӤϹ֣ͽ׻ʿֳ֮࣬棬ԶٿɱȣϾʱĴǻӤϹ֡
Ҳ֪Щ˶ãȺľһƺʲôĹԵвȿֺĸ˵أӾ˷ֲһ㡣
Ȼɢɶսʦ˵ɢɾɽˣȺУһʿЦ
֪ʲô˵ҶҲɢɡ
˰ɣǶ˵ˣԪһǺѣ˵ҶɲɢɣȴɢɶԿʵ
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ɽӮˣҪռ̣ҪҰɢɽҲʲôʵҶɢɲµġһӤʿӿڵ
˵ɽڲŲҵõϢɹűйɢɣǿǳԽɽٵĴڣ۷塣
һдԣҪͳһ磬ɽֻһʯԾֻˣɽʧܣĲҡһӤʿƲ
۷׷ף׼ܲͳһ֧ɹŵģҲ֧ɽڵģǴ󲿷֣ǱȽϿɹţϾһɢޡ
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쿴ĴˣʱȺ˺һ䡣
ԶʮӰٶޱȣģ£ǳϿգϣǱڳһɴСĿյء
һʮĵӰֳӪһ׹ŻΪ׵Ķ飬Ԫ½˾ͽգˡ
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Ԫ½˿˿ȺɫЩѿû뵽ɽھȻֶһɽϹ֣ȥһЩ졣
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½ҲЩɻ󣬹Żɽǰڴ˲ú󷨣漴֪ͨ˱ȶصɽŻȻԥĴӦ
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ϼһʲôֵУٺ٣䣬ԶȻɳӰǺ뱪
ΪȻЩʵڿԴСȻ֪ɢô£뱪һ·Ҳ˵ɢɣʵǿ⵱ʱȼ˺뱪ս⣬仰ȴùŻЩ΢ŭ
ףðͨŻЩɻ˵ȥ֪ߵغ񣬿ʲôطչδˡ
ʲô㣿С˵һ֪һҲܸаֵĴţʧһٶȥˣȻͨˣֱ־ϲ
ӣѪȴ˺ܳʱ䣬ͶԺϤˣѣԻҲ˲ʵȻȻ޷ɽȡ
常д̫ˣǳȥתת͸һλԵǻȥ˵ôģϹ׼۸ˣҲûѹŻ
æ۽һֹ˺뱪ĿϸĽ˹ŻĿֲʵⲻĶɫһ䡣
󣬺ЩŵĿ˿Ҷɣʵ벻ͨҶôͺȻɽˣԼһףҾȻ뷮ǰֲɢɿ⡣
涼׶ɽˣֵһյأһٶǲֽٺüΰôȻôϹ½ˣԽ˵Խ
֪ˣ뻹뱪ȻԵˣܸоյػԵ࣬漴˿һİԣһһ
Ԫ½ɫѿԷڣʮһˣˣҶסɢɣʮԼˣǼֱ׾٣ʵֲǼ뵽Ԫ½⡣
úúãη֪绹ûд֮ʿϷҪһξˣϷ˷ʱȥѰҡŻˣɫҲЩ
˼һϴ֮ԼնɱǼˣ󣬿ԼҲǽƣ˵ԼԲʲôΣգҲԽ˳ײֹϴûʲôֱ
ǣȽҶɻɱȻڶԸЩˣŻǲ˲ϣΨһģҲֻҶһ˶ѡ
ɽ΢΢һЦ˵أȷǱ˻Ԫ󣬱ϴβõĻҪҶɵ˼ǲʹãֻ֡
Ȼ˲ҶΪԼսŻҲɵӣҶҲ嶯Ӧʲộһ¶ʹ󷨣չΧҲ٣ν˫رգɽһʮһˣ˼ʤ㡣
˷Ϸ׼սҶһˣɽƴǴһϣҶϷŻ΢΢һЦ˵
˴𻰣Ҷ̤һڵȻ·սҵһֵģҶĳӦ±ǡ
ãŻҪľ仰ֻ۾ţҲûᷴڣԼϽҶնɱ֮ľͺðˡ
ĸ˺ɣŻ˵漴Ԫ˿ȫ˳յء
ɽ˿˿ҶɣҶ΢Цĵ˵ͷҲ˵ԶֻСЩ֮ɫҲЩɲƾҶ˵г񣬵˻ǲ̫á
Сӣ֪ʲôΪ⼸ָʵһΪҵĶ𣿺ٺ٣ڵϷ򣬿ϴβͬˡŻЦ
ŶͬĻҲ͸㣬㻹ҶĳϴʵĺܲңԱϣҶɿֲϯһ޷Զ֮˶ʱɴ˫Ŀ׼ۿⳡ۷֮ս


639 ۷֮սһ
Ż̬΢Ц䣬ϢͻȻԶ֮˸оһɾ˵ѹһЩʿоϷѣæŸԶȥٺÿܲܽϡ
ְɣϷ򿴿㶼ʲô죡ŻգͷϽתѣȥûҶɷϡ
ȻǫãҲͲˣҶɻ䣬°âһŹŻȥֻȭͷɢĽâ
ףŻЩȻ֮ɫĿҶɵȭͷƴ֮ʩչǱ֮ΪֵܵϷɢ֮𣿡
ŻûгҶɣҲûкһһֻƣǰһץһ߷緶ƵֵҶɵĹƣʵ׼ץסҶɵȭͷһ
͵ҶɵȭͷײڹŻ֮ʱŻȻɫһ䣬Ѿֻ֮صһ졣
˾ȵĿУҶ˫һ𣬵ŵŵŵĲ֮ԶŻ˺߰˲֮࣬ߵ֣
ҶɸһסΣٴγϣŻٲҴ⣬ȫȭ֮£Ҷɶսһ֮಻
ֻӰŲƶȭƷɣΪµģ˵Ӱֻÿһײ
һṦƺ֮УŻҶɸ˳ԶȥЩǱҶȻռϷ磬ûѹԵƣ˶ս˭Ҳռ̫ıˣŪܾˡ
ҶСӾȻɢ֮ս·磬֮Уʲôɽ˵꣬Ҳһ֮ɫ
Ż΢еĿҶɣ΢Цʱ䣬㾹ȻܽزʲôطֲŸ뱾ɶս
ˣҶĳ̵ģɲ򵥵ģ䣬ҶɵǰһƬѣлһ޽
˽Լȥͬʵһ㣬棬ɢһɾ˵ѹ½״Ƥһ
⣬ôܱĻҪʵӲŶ䣿½Щɲ˵Ҷеǧնͬδһ㣬ʵء
ףܽͨʵǺָŻҲЩȻ֮ɫ漴־ɽǾɲ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǵϴͨսۺѹҶĳҶĳͨ˵㣬Ҳδؾġ
䣬Ҷ޽ֶڰջһߣţǿŻͷһѪɫָ۳޽ײһ
صһ죡
ĽѪ죬һɫ쭷󽨶Χϯȥ˵˲䱻У֮˵˫ĿһУʿоһͣæȥ
Ƭ̺󣬹ϼɢ˷ֶգβƶֲֺܿĹȴͬʱʧ
ʲôҶСӾȻɢɶԿɽЩŵ˵û뵽ҶɵֵܹͨɢɵĹ
ֲҶţս޷ȡʤԱ´࣬˭Ҳκβ˭뿭һЦ˵Ҳǵͷѡ
Ԫи𾪣ҶɸնɽûãȻܹɢɵֿǵϴλҪ෬֮£ǿԿģҶʵɽڶȻһɳ죬ſҪܵĴѹ
ԪϹΣҿɹԱ뿭˵꣬˿ԵʮˣԪԣֻ˶ѣôɽڶ
ŻЦһգͷԭǵõһԵ֮ǿͨӣȻϷ򼸺¡
ҪΪʤϷƺЩˣϴսϷֻʵѣмִͨ˷ʶһ¹żҵһͨҿεֵ
Ż䣬з任ͣϴŨŨЦԼһ˿֮ɫſһ磬һѪ
һѪӭ籩ǣŤ䶯֮£ǻΪһߴѪɫˣץһѪɫǹ
ʱҶɵǰͬһѪɫˣֻ￴ȥ۴С״һ޶ϸ⣬ҶɵǾѪɫˣһ˿âѪҺƺһ㣬ȥͬڻ¯һ
ߣŻһߣѪɫ˳ǹһһѪ۵һҶǾѪ֮ϡ
ŵŵţѪܵ漴нâһʢſ޿ڣ³һѪɫԼһĨâ
ŻѪܿһֳֺ־ǹǳȥһ´ҶɵѪ֮Ԥϵ͸ضûгֻ֣ҶɵѪһˣִ̳һǹ۵һǽŻѪܴ͸
ʲôѪܶʵС⼸꣬׾ʲôŻԼѪ·磬ɵŭһսԼһ˿һϷ綼ûմⲻñ̫Цһɢɵʵ
뵽Żдʣзһ䣬˱ǾȵļҶǾѪܣȻжٻҲǰӲ
ֻѪܲһҶǾѪ·磬˻Ѫħ߳ŻѪܣټϾҺĴܡ
ʲôЩɲ˵ȻûвսҲܸоֻʵκһֻԼԶԸԼûǰ̬ͨ
㣬磬治ҵǰ򵥣һͨɽϹ֣ɵ̾Ϣһ
ɢҲûʲôʵⲻǺͨʿһ
ǣΪжྫʣ൱ЩǺϡ棡
ߣ֪ʲôҶͨʿСͿеգڳκһɽǰɢɵĶ֡
˵差ǰԱҶ
ǶˣڲϢ˵ɢɳ֣Ҷǰ˼һ𶼴򲻹
ߣЦ磡
ʱȺһ˽ڳͨɽϹ֣ǹŻɫһ˿ŭ⣬û뵽ҶɵѪܱϴǿ̫࣬ԼѹȻǿֿԼѪܡ
ߣСӣ˵̫磬Ҳ͵ѧҹԼԪˣʶһ£ҹĵڶͨԻڴ֮¡Żɫһ˵
һ̣Ż˫ɫأгŨŨɱǰȻһ磬һɫڶ洫һǿ֮
ţô£ֻ߿մɫ䣬һɴСĺɫ۶һѹնΪ֮һ
ڹǺƺԹɷ֮ڣ̻ǰĺɫУǴһļµĲƺʲôȻҪѳһ㡣
·ŵǷɳʯֻһɫϷƺʲôħһ㣬ȻԹɷٻһӰȫ˸߿մǿֲĺɫš
ʲô⣬ǡ߱񡯣ãʱɽ·ϳʲô˵ûм˵ȹͨҲܸо̺Ŀֲɫһ䡣


640 ۷֮ս
Ҷ߱Ҳüͷһ壬Ȼûм˹ǵⷬƣԼϢټɽǾɫ֪ͨһ㡣
뵽ҶһԼΨһܶԿͨҲֻɽͨԯˣ˵Լȶõƻ뱻Ҳ֮١
߿մԽԽջ谵һɫ쭷ѣʿҾ𣬷׷ȿֺԶߡ
ʱƬɫеŹŻǰĺɫ۶ȥǾ޴ͬһ޵׶һ㣬洫ѹҲԽԽ˸е־壬ս԰ܣ
һ
޴зһкɫ˲ʧȫ˺ɫ֮ڣ˾ɲ֮ʣһ
һϵй̿ʵգ֮䣬Щ֮ʱǺɫкȻһһƬʮɴСĺɫ
Ҳ֪ʲôڳһַɱ¾˲ѪȵϢǺɫڴŻ״һЦҶɵĴѹǿѹŭ
СӣϷʵҲ㲻ɣϷԶԸҿεֵŻ˵̧ңңһ㣬ɫһۣ˱ǿĳ
һֻʮ֮ޣͨڣͷۣڳħȥɭɭһֲ쳣
˾ǣϴһ̾ľѹƺһֿۣ֮ģΪǹʵ̫ǿᣬҶҲɫһ
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Ż¶ʱԶȺüͷһ壬ЩĿ˿ŻɿȿȣǸСǲǹûѧȫԹɷ֮û͸ٻ޻Ӱ
ԣŻĿȥȥȺһۣߵߣһҲϷ˵֪Ϸж󣿿ҹͨģ
ʱɽ˶ЩֵĿ˿ȺȺüͷһ壺СӲѣԳƹ壬ѵǹŵСӣ
ʲô㾹Ȼ֪棿Żɫһ䣬漴Цֻǵ;˵ˣҹǶȿģ
ƨϷǰҿڳԣֱЦʩչȱݲСɣǲǼľԪǲѾܵѹƣ㱾ʵֻʣһ˰ɣȺ˵꣬Żɫһ䡣
˵ϷһΪڣôʣһʵŻһ飬ЩɲԲ²ǿڵĹһָƣ
ȺһЦ㲻÷ϣûϵֻʣ֮һʵ޻ӰڣԱ㰲ȫûĶ֡
ǲǲñ˽޻Ӱɱ㶨ܷȻһû˭ɱ޻ӰΣգԽջȥ
ϷǺ棬ŵСᴫǲƪʮ书ʧԼԹɷ֮ο޻Ӱ
ƾղŴæڵһЩԹɷ֮ٺ٣˵Ļκ˶ܹʱԹɷ֮޻ӰҲ֡
Ϸ˵岻޷ʩչϷ򻹲ڵԹɷ֮Ҳ֣ҷ
ҶѣԪתؼԹɷ֮Ȼ󡭡˵ȺȻ
״Żǿѹ𾪣ջߣΪϷ᣿ɱСӣ
Żδ䣬ͷ۵ĹҶɻȥȺ΢΢һЦס֣ȥɱ϶
һ٣漴תΣȻŹŻȥһ֣¶һ̵ЦݣⲻЩ
ʲôȶôԼİŪҪ˼
ⳡԾ֣ԽԽ˼ǿ۽ˡ
⹦ǰûӺǿ֪˭ģ
Զ۷׷ףȫһֵӣȫûԤе۷ԾŰ̼֮С
ȥɱСӣŻϴŭݣȴЩĿͷ۵Ĺ
ֻкâһħƺЩŭһ㣬һ˻𣬿˿ȺŻȻЩ
ʱҶɰȺķԹԪ֮ٵؼԹɷ֮ڹŻԸ޻ӰҲԲҶɷ
ʱҶһ޻Ӱһȭмǿͷ­֮ϣ޻Ӱͷת򣬷ֲңֲҶɳ֡
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ߣŻһߣзٱ任Ǻɫһһɾ޴Ⱥƺûиоʲô仯޻ӰȴЩԸıУɫлʧ
Ȼǰ׳գȺ˹Żһۡ
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Ϊ彫ٻôɱģƭƭϵˣɣƲסΪ壬ڴ˽ˡȺЩЦ˵
㣡ŻָȺбŭѣϷСնɱȻһģ㣡
ߣͿûǸˣȺıֳ˵ԤϣȥҶһ㶼ģЩĿŹŻ
৵һ
ʱҶ°âһȻŻȭһ֮£ŹŻ͸¶ȥ
״Żŭһ֮£ǵֻҶɶһȭһ֮󣬹ŻǱĺʮಽ
۵һ
ŻзһųһѪâαǣ̼䣬ǻΪһѪתľˡ
ţҶŻѪɫٴβһ鼸죬ವһҶɫ԰׵ıɡ
ڶö֮𣿺ٺ٣Ҷɻδ䣬з任ͣɫƣһ֮֮ҶɺȻΪħ
ɫۼױǰͷɫǣȻǵĽâϸۿǺѷ֡
ףǺаѪ֮ͨһаȻֲǳˮ֮УûбѹΪʵǣԭҲаһȺһУһ䡣


641 ۷֮ս
Ҷħ˫ȭգһ𣬿һȣŹŻѪɫ˳ȥ
Ҷδ֮ǰŻѪѹƣһҶɱɵɫ˶ѿʼôͨƴˡ
صһ֮
˾Ŀ֮УҶӴħ΢΢һ漴Ĳ˫һ顣
ŻѪɫһΣ죬ֱ۾ȻѶţͬߵķһ㣬˲䱻ɵ˼ʮ֮Զ
˻⣬ʲô֮δʱҶǰֻռϷ磬߶ñ֮ҶǰȻռѹԵʵ·¶֮ɫԪɫѿֻɽ˿֮дһЦ⡣
ʱŻϱ۴Ѫâһ֮£ٴոµֱۣ漴Űңңһ㡣
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򿪣âԶ˸оһϢѹ漴ǼȻһת
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һ
ԭĽɫȻųĿѪâɢһѪɫ˿ȫΪѪɫȥ֮
ѪɫĻһչм両ֳһѪɫһתһѪɫ˿ۡ
ݣ
һֻСѪɫ򣬿ƺһ㣬˲ѪɫϼҶɺȥ
˵û£ܿռǴԪҵϢɽ˵ɫһ䣺ˣһ￪ʼƴˣ
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ʱ޴ħһΣһ޽У漴ǱֶѪɫȥ
ţҶзһ漴ͷɫһĨϴһֹĲ۵һһˮͰϸɫŵâļ
صһ졣
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֮УѪɫǵɫײһ
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Żüͷһ壬ǵϴν֣ɫԼѪһֵסԼ
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ŻȥʩչܵȴûҶҲһֱûжúڽȻԸʹƴͨһ֣۶ԷΣĶһֲּģ˲ʧȥս
Сӣò˵ȷɢһսʵŻĲϣεҶɣԱϴʵ̫ࡣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҶĳҲû뵽˷µʵҲǱԭΪ׽ܵġ
˻ϷҲ͸ģôڸо޷ϷҪ̸Ϸϴεʵòϻ֣ڼҪ̸ͣҲҪܷ´˻Żδ䣬һ֮ɫƺԽĹűʤġ
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ٺ٣ҹͨѩ֮£Ӧ֪ˣŻ΢Ц˵
˵һͣȻδŹ˵ͨǿƣ֪ԷͬСɣɽ˲ɵõǵĿҶɡ
ֻȺɫ䣬ָŹŻ⣬ɽ繦Ҽʹùԣ¶ݡ
ɽ繦ǻôԿ
ˣСӱɡ
һɲɽ˽ȺԽĸо˷ǱѰһʿɢޡ
ɽͨŻüͷһ壬ԼҲЩȷǿ֮ʱֻ˵ʱͨ򲻵ѾԲʹãһɽ磬ǾԲʹͨҪħĲܴڡ
ŻȺûȺĴ𸴣ֻ·Ⱥһӣƺɽ˸־ϲֻԪ¶֮ɫ
ʱҶɵҲƮƬƬɫѩȻȥûйŻѩǰأȴǼʵȥͬѩһ㣬ҾӨ͸
ʲô㣿ôôҲѩģŻɫһзЩɢ
Ҷǰô˭ĹᰡɽڵĲԪǧնɹŹŻǰѪܣɽ֮ѩҶǰɲⰡ
ҶǰȻŻǰۺ񣬵ֲͨϵȱݣϷãҶǰʤ
δأҶǰŻձ൱ˣһУԻܹŻǰ
ɲô˵Ҷǰֶβ֪ûкֵģ
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ҶǴЦһ𾪵ĹŻдŨŨɱ⣬ⲻԶŻɫ΢䡣


642 ۷֮սģ
Ҷɿ˿ŻЦѩͨߣɽԯͨԯŵֻһͨ
ģ¶ǹһȴڱǿȡģںڣ֮а˫ޣȫɥʧңרа
Ϊ˼һǷͣ˴飬кʿʮǰӡԨ
ٴγ׼ɵżԸͳһ磬֮ԻΪϣķŪڹ֮䡣
ǰţգҶȻ˵ɱ㣬ԲĹƵóѣƴҲҪλǰͬˡ
ʲôϼһôҰģ
ԭ岻Ǻöɹţ
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֧Ҷǰɱ˹š°仰û˵
ҶɵһνȻȼڳλĺ飬ڼҶɽŻɱˣҲ˭ȥҶɣǼɽɿ˸ŲѣΪŻԼɫ飬ƺҲĬҶɵ
ҲѩΪܻɱϷ򣿴ܾ˰ˣŻɫ״˼˶Բߡ
ܲܽնɱֻԹ֪ˣҶɻ䣬зһ٣ѩ裬һСѩŹŻȥ
Żѩָһ˼£ѩǻһֻɫ޻ѩ
Ŀǰ˿ȥֶξһƣϾɽ繦ʹˣʵ벻ʲôơ
ȻŻĿǰƴԺķѾԪѪȫ߶һδҶɫǱȻ޷ֵҪʹǿֲĺڽ
Żɲϴǰ㣬Ūܾ֮ˣ˷Էڶ࣬һǲȫ𹥻ԼЩΣա
ֻѪܾݣҶǾѪƺܣѩɫ޻һһʱѷ¡
Ҷѣ˷Բ絽˽ԭҵҲǶսһûҪƴһоΣŻֻܷ̬˵
ҶЦЦٺ٣ʹ˰֣ûôףηߣ˵㻹ˣʲôֶΣδֳʤαļģ
ߣ浱Ϸ㲻ɣ㻹óʲôֶΣǺڽɱˣǻ˺Żɫһ˵
ͷģȻԯһƮѩգҶĳʶһµڶŵʦ棬ҶĳʹŻҲΪȥδ䣬Ҷٴ
ʲôڶ㣿ѩֲΣŻЩɲ˵Ҷз任ϣǰɫѩȻĿϼ漴һ۶ȥ
ɫѣȥۼҶɵУγһѩɫ޽Żвһ
ѩ޽δγɣл۶ȥϣ֮һ˺ųеı仯ԼǴ֮ľ޽
ʲôͨѩڶ㣿Żٶ룬æſһ磬һžѪķһԪ֮ɹâת˲仯ΪѪɫ
ţһǰСѪɫڽϻֶϴһɻ֮Żɫ԰ޱȣһϢ鸡ļء
ವһ
Ҷɵڶԯʩչϣаѩ޽ֶӭһѪɫһȥ
ˣҶһͺȣͬʱο˲ѣԶɽˣǸ˳ֵȺǿ˲ѡ
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ռһֻһװը죬ѩ죬Ѫɢ̼˴Ƭա
ңԶԶʿһƺߵȥʵǿЩʿǿѪǱĵӤɫ԰ףĴ߶ݹ⡣
ըĳֲನѣʱһ˺黯Ӥʿİɫ磬ռŤ֮£ּСĿռѷ죬һɹɿֲĿռ֮
Ҷɫ԰ޱȣʥħ廤ȻоǹɿֲĳЩһѪǿѹ
֮˸ĳֻйŻҶɶңңԣǿʶ֮ӦԷŻû뵽Ҷɻ֣Ȼиһɽ֮
˲ǵѪһϢƯϴŨŨľ֮ɫԼܵɫѩһ֮󵱼·磬ЩŻ򱬣æýֵһ
˿̵ĹŻȻûб壬ԲսҲս򣬿¾ҪҶ£ϾҶѾֳ˻ܹŻԼߣҶɾлɱԼ
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ٺ٣ǵ֮ǰ߹Ҷĳ´˻˵̸֮¡Ҷɻ䣬ɫһһͺȡ
һΣһڳУȵķ˳ֱ۹עȥڤڤâ΢΢ѡ
㣬Ϸ㻹Ҫֻûü˵ŻǾֵļҶһӣ붼ٻǰ漴ο˲ѡ
ڽжֲŻˣĪ˵ߣȫʢ֮ʱҲҪȫ֮²ֿܵסڽĹ
ݣ
һɫƥ̼ն˽֮ϣɫ׷䣬漴ǷɵԶâǳŹŻһն
صһ
һҽУŻ屻ǵâ飬ԪӤҪӳɫƥкȻһѺڽӭͷǽԪӤһնûϵ˷Ҷɲ߶ڽܣȻڽ嶼˳
ವһ
ԪӤ֮źɫԶ޴ĳ֮£ŻǿʩչȻӳл꣬һл΢΢һʧһԶҿ˿ңԶҶɡ
Զľ룬Ҷ󣬼׷Ҳ֮Զɽ˾ҲǾ̫ԶŻɵ÷ųһЦ


643 
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û˵ֻ꣬󷽺ڽȻһһϯţһֻŹŻлȥ
ǣСӣͱźݻˣ㻹𣿻Ǹүɣ黰䣬ϯһɫŻǵлС
ʲôɽڻһҽУ漴ǴĹЦ֮ƺ˷ܣõʲôζһ㡣
ԶҶѳȥ֮ɫ԰ޱȣһϢ󽵣ǰ̫ҲֻռϷ磬¶úڽҶѩϼ˪ֱЩ͸֧һ㡣
ҶɼæȡƿҪ̷ҩȻ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ռ䲨һһŻһ
ϷҲҪںϣһԺ־֮ʱϷˣɫŴһЦҶɣǹŻǰһлꡣ
ãǹһеаڻԸԶԷΪԼΪԷںϣ޷ɱԼ궼
ں൱ߣֻҪԷ־ش֮ʱǱпռ塣ȺȻԶһɽ˵ɫһ䡣
֮Ҷܿ϶֮һЩڻãϾʵ壬Ż϶Ҷɵںϣռ塣
ߣҶһߣ漴һǰȻһҵĺɫУһɹɿռ֮ɢĲȻԶռѷЩơ
ǹŻĲлպó嵽˽ǰӦǱǹɿռУԶԶȥͺƹŻȥһ㡣
ʲôôʩչռ䷨֮ǣڴŻ漴ǰ䵽ǰҲġ
ҶʩչĲǿռ䷨֮ǡԪ𣬵ڷռѧģǹֶΣֻһָˣֻǰһֱûлʩչæȻûȫӣԸһл껹ûʲôġ
ߣһлҲںϣֱЦռ֮ڣӦòдϣˡҶ˵껰ɫǸӲ԰æǰһ㣬۵һԪɢŻǵҲʧӰ١
ҶڰЩģҪŵȥԶȻһɫӰæסҶɣ䵽档
ˣû°ɣСһĵ˵дŨŨĵǡ
û£Ҷֻ˵֣漴ϥ̷ŵҩ֮󣬱˫ĿһյĵϢ
ʱԶĺҲǻΪ̤꣬ڽҶͷϿգ·ˣƺֻҪ˭Ҷͼı죬ĳһ㡣
ɽҲǳҶɵԣһ֪ôֺȻɽǿߣҶɵİ֡
˳ǿ⣬¾û˭飬ֿ˿С࣬ǸоҶɵĿ֮
ŻɱɢɵʵԪ޷˵ЩȱݣսһɽھѹԷʥѪ֮С࣬ټ˰Ļ˾ҶɵƾԼԺɨκһš
ݼҶɢɱڣ𡣡Ⱥһ֣ϴһ˿ϵĹ֮⣬ΪҶɵʵʵʵٲ˿ġ
ʲôҲҶСˣɽЩŵ˵ȺԭԼ͸ɼʵһ㡣
˸ǾɲҶ߾ۺʵټһȺ˻ô죿Ǻ㣬ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ջʱ򣬻׼лҶɱһɢɲֶΣʩչδŵͨɵúĻ䣬׼ٴ̽գ磬ѰһԵ
Ԫ˾ĿԶҶɣɢ涼Ҷɻɱ˵ʵڲ˾½һۣűעҶɵϣȻĴ˾ͽշߡ
ӣǿһֱע˾ͽлһһԷߣ붼׷ȥ
״ŷХԥҲǷȥ뿭ǳҶɹֵҶѣϷȥףһ֮Աϣ뿭ߡ
ɽ濴˷һۣѣʱĻᣬ㲻ȥ𣿾˵ЩҪ
ǿһҶɣ漴˵ͷȻҪȥҶػӦûʲôˣ֪ɽǰǷͬУ
ɹй˷ϷȻȥһ򾡵ġɽ΢΢һЦ˵
ȻлͨɽڶսôٵֵܶˣҲȥո֡Ҷɹ˹֣˷ȥ
ռϼɢһЩֵӰŴ˵ؿ˿ڰмռѷ죬ɵ¶֮ɫʵ޷˵ƻ
ɢɹſҲҪ꣬ԪҲԱȫɽڱؽһҶ磬ΨҶɳƵϵһˣ֮
Ǽ֤һĵ
ݼҶ𣡡
Ҷ޵УҲҲȥɹŴո֣ĵͽ׵ӣһҪ£
ߣȥɹţ
һ𣬿ҶɵЩȣЩݣЩһһɹŷȥҲֻΪеԣ׼ȥˮ㡣
ⳡ۷֮սʹ˽ȴǿЩδϾо̼õĶǸоݵģǶսپãҲӶ̡
һս֮Ҷɵ֣ǸЩʿɽҶһΪ٣Ѵµ̸ʣóȥҫһ
Ҷû뿪˵һЩʿҲһֱڴ˵أհҶɵ٣˸ǰֺ
ĳգԶһɫۣ漴ɽ˷ۣЩĬɫ죬ҡͷ̾ϢѣⲻɵҶЩɻǰȥѵ޷ɹţ


644 ج
λ˱飬ɹŶ޷ưɣҶɿ˿ĬˣЩɻ˵
˳ĬŷХ̾ϢһҶɣǿ
ʲôôˣҶɺȻ˫ĿһУֲõԤУʵԭǿʵڲ뿴ʲô⡣
ǰȥֻĸˣǻʦô£Ҷɻһ٣ɫ
ŷХЦҶѣǿʦܲҵȲ֣Ҫ˾ͽлսʦϾʱж̡
Ȼʦ츳ˣͬʱѹ˾ͽл˷սҲֻռϷѣֻʦܱű֮ģҲҪնɱ˾ͽ
˾ͽϾ·֮ʱԱǿʦشȱԲѡ˵꣬ŷХٴ̾Ϣһ
ԣҶɫĵ˵ͷǿԸ񣬵ȷ£ɽǰ˵ĵΣ
ϷϢ΢أ㲻䣬ҲֻʣһƲлꡣɽȻȨϾʸϡ
Ҷüͷһ壺Ȼȥ˵ԱϣҶɱһŷ۷˹ȥ˽ȫϵۼװ֮ϣֻһ֮۱ʧ˴Ƭռ䣬·һЩֵȺҲ½ɢȥ
ϣ֮ڡ
Ҷǿԣɫȴ޲ߣԼʵٸߣϾʶޣɽ涼ûа취ҶɸһĪչ
ף־ǿʱȺ˿˫۶ϣɫҰףԲѵǿ
ҪȺʵ
а취Ҷ̧ͷ˿ȺҲɻĿȺ
ֲ䣬ֻشЩɢˣܹƳ굤ڸһֹȬҲʲô¡Ⱥͷ˵
굤Ǻֵҩ뿭ЩɻδŹֵҩɽҲЩ֮ɫ
굤ʵһֹҩһֹʹĻ꣬겻ȣпܱ
ߣ굤ʿʵ꣬ȻҲЩţȹ̣õҩҲȺ٩٩̸˵
ȺѾȻԹ˽⣬ǲ֪ܷ굤ɽ˼ʵ
ٺ٣ĳûѧУλƳ˵ϷǿκõġȺ˿ǿ

º˻صɽڡ
·ϣ˴ŽľҶɽһ飬ԭ˲ûնɱԪ½ˣҲû
ϾЩ˶ܵŻûʵԵԪ½·Ҫˮֻʵڲɢǰԡ
˸оûɴ㾳ľʵףΪŻǸԪһЩѵŽ⳥ÿ궼Ҫóɽȡ
Ҫǣһս֮ɹԪһ룬ܵɽڵĴѹӴǰ֮ǰͶһЩˣǱɽȫնɱ
ɽĻ̴ɱʮҲܷŹƲл꣬ȻΪ䣬ֶ˵ǿЩҲû˭ʲô
Ԫ˽ش½ֱ侳磬ֻ˾ͽлǿս˲ò룬Բ䵽ľ档
ɽ浹ǺûҵǿݶԪ͸¶ǿСԼĶڣ֮ǰŻȥжϹŻܿǽǿɱˣϾŻѧһͨһûʵָֻţ˭Ҳ᲻ġ
ֽҶû˵ʲôϾ缸֮飬Ǹ˶ԹҲɱˣҪ˽˶ԹҲǿˡ
һ·ϣȺڵõҶɵͬ˵Լݣҽ˳Ҷû뵽ǣɽ澹Ȼмߵ裬Ҷɷ˷ռ䣬볡˴˰죬ҲǷȱһֲϡҶϾûгƷҩҶҲ޷ҵ֮
ϷѾӦɵȫѰһõҶϢɽڽһʱ֪ǿʦʱϷҲչˣҲصġڣŷХɫһ˵
·ҶɡСࡢ۷Ⱥɽ桢뿭㡢֪ǿûʲô£Ҳ
ˣλԺ˳Ҷĳһ£ϢҶɿ˿ˣ˵˵һ䡣
΢΢˵ͷҶһ仰ķǽȣȺɫȴЩŹ֡
ȿȣˣ񣬻ѰˣѾˡȺЦ
ŶѺγԣϷǵиţֹġɽȻҲзȨϾʮǰĴڣ֪Զڳ˶١
ҶҲЩһĴȺǿһЦݣʮǰϵ˻û½磬ɽͨʱ
Ҳ֪λ½磬˵һزרſƹħаһΪ񣬿ɷһֲּıаס
ϷһΣպÿϷһŭ֮£˷ɽ磬ǽ񶼻ٵˡ˻һʮ֮˵ĿУԶɽҲûʲôŵġ
ҶЩǿһĹȥĳ嶯˿ȺЩεЦݣҶҲεҡҡͷ
ٺ٣ҶؽӦоһ·֮˰ɣϷպҲ׼һ׽֮£Ҳ޺ˣܲԶġ뿭˿Ҷɣ΢Ц˵
ԣҶüͷһ壺⣬˵ʵҶĳδǹ֮£Ͼʱ̫࣬ˣλԷ֮¿ʲô⣿һģҲҶĳʶ
֮УҶɵʵһӹɵģʶҶȻŷХ˶޷Ƚϣ˵뿭ȶɽϹˣοɽȺϹ֡
뱪һ֮£ɫһϲǸǧѷĺûᣬڳƽǧҲѵһۡ
֮ҲǶ˭˵ģһ˶ᵱܲĵףڳ˵žһ𣬶ԼɽٷȻһĺôʱʯﶼĵá
ŷХûпڣ뿭λʦڣȻ˵ʲô뿭ЦЦٺ٣֪ҵȶɽһ콵׺;ǲܱϡ
׺֮ڣ˵ԽԪӤԶȫת̶ɽ磬ϱޣϷҲֻ֪ŵʱѡ
ԣ뱪ɫ΢䣬ͨĽ׽ټһ¶Щ콵׺׽¼һ£Щѡ
кμţ˵˵һһ뿭ת˵
üͷһ壺֮Ϊɣ֮زɽ磬ɽ磬ͬ
мأ콫׽ٵĹ̼һģݱʵĲͬתʱҲд󷨣Եֿ׽ӽ׼ŲСĺôԣһ


645 
֪˵Ǻ󷨣Ȼֿܵס콫׽ٵϴ񣿡ҶЩŵ˵ҲǶŷ
ֻмذˣϷҲβãӦýڤ󣬲ǵֿ׽٣ǲڵ棬մ󲿷׽١˼˵
Ȼû˵֣˵ʧĴˡ
ڤλѿȷ֣ȺЩɫĿŷ
ȻбмأȺǰҲ󷨣˵꣬˽ǿȺ
Ƭ̣ȺɫЩѿ˵ʮǰɽһܵأǿǰȥϷһˡ
һονȷѪ꣬ϷᵽһöصıڤֻϧϷ֪к;ղϣ׼ѰҲ֮ʱ㱻½Ľϸץˡ
еڤ֮Ҷ˫ĿһеĿ˿Ⱥ
ûУԸƳ͸λǲûз˵ǰЧϷʱȴţþɫײƳһֵҩǿʿ׽֮ĵֿԣӻֽ׼ʡȺ˵˵һ䡣
ɫײݣɫײݣɫɫпҵɫϷҲš
ɫײݣѾﵽɫ֮ʱѾժȡˡ뿭Щ˵
Ҷһɫײݣ֪ƺֵҩ
ɫ׵Ⱥ˵
ɽüͷһ壺ɫ׵ȺǰǼǴ˰ɣֵҩǸ߼廯֮ʱõģԵֿ׽֮ʿײûʲôôġ
ͨڻӤڻΣʹɫײƿٵЩ߼壬ͨڻΣʱʹþɫײݣƾɫ׵
ҶҲǵ˵ͷԼҲһֱ֪ײݣֻǶ廯׽ЩЧ׽ٶ𲻵˿á
ٺ٣Ǿ֪ˣȺ΢΢һЦɫ׵ȷʥһҲòϣȷֻǶԻ׽ЧԽ޽׽û˿Ч
ͨʿڽʱô˵ǵ޷ӽ׼ʣǿ׽ٶ˺
콵׺׽ٲһ̺һЩ֮廯׽ȻȫһҲһЩ֮
ԣ˵Ȼ޷𵽾Եã٣Է׽Щֿӳһ˿׼ʣֻϧϷ޴˵ȵӦаɣ
ЦһٵжûмأǧңϷзֹһΣ¼صģھɫ׵͸ˡ
Щϧõһֵҩȴû֮ڻǵڤһ˿־һʱһ˿ʣҲԲŹ
ɽüͷ΢壬˼ɫ׵Ϸ֮ҲƹȻЩӣϷƳ٣ɹھųϡ
ŶɽǰȻƾɫ׵ҶЩ⣬˸ǾϲĪϹһŴԵ֮Ҳߵһ
Ǻʱ֮以գ⴫һҲṰ͸ˡ
ҶɵĴڣټ˸ովһ£ǿԺƽҺޱĽԼó
ο֮£éٿۺĵֿ׺ۣκ˾֮ϡֲȱݺͲ㡣
˴գŽһ׷һ̽һЩ׾飬ԼȱݣһԽʢǰ࣬
ˣ֮ǰ˵֮󲢲ɽ磿Ҷɿ˿˵ʵ
˳˺뱪֮⣬ЩɫĿҶɣֲʲôܣﵽһΪֻ֮ҪһЩ߽׽ãƽʱʱ򶼻̸ҶȻʵǿᣬһЩȴ֪֮١
ЦЦҶѣ֮ɽ磬ȷɽ磬Ͼҵ岻ͬģͬ壬пΪͨͨΪһЩԣͬģһЩħޣпܷħ硣
˵꣬ǵ˵ͷһ˽ɫҶüͷһ壬ԭˣҶĳ֮ʱһЩѲ֪ǷУ
ҶЩ쿪ˡڿ΢΢һЦǷ֮ٿԴֻܶɣ޷ѵġ
ҶɳƬ̣ɫЩȻǰδ˽£Լûոպһʣû뵽Ȼ
ߵޣܸÿԴߵİɣϾҵӡֻҵޡҶЩεʵ
˳ĬڵҶѣԷ֪֮֮٣ܶȹ֮ٳΪˣԲһ˵õȮġ
ߵѣޣκбԵĴڣ޷֮˴ߣӡҲ޷
Ļ˶Ըӡɽڽ⿪ӡǣߵ޻ָɣ©ʽķ񲻳Ц
ؼڤڤ֮Ȼҵ޷ȫ̽Ҳܸܵһֹ֮ҵ޷ƣҲı俹ġ
Ȼ޶޷ߣҶЩ૵˵һ䣬лҲЩ⣬ֻЩ޷ܰˡ
ܽ޴ߣڸֿռ౦УɽҲʲô⣬޶ܴ࣬ȴЩˣֻǼƭ˵۾ȴ޷סڤڤеĹ
ҶɺȻһڵˣǺҲܴߣ
ɽ΢΢һЦǺǣ⵹ǲصģֻڱԵĴڣǺѣʵ飬ǱԲڷ֮ڣȫͬڽҶһ𵽴ɽġ
飿ô˵Ҳһ޷ߣֻҪҽƳα飬ɴɽ磿ҶЩ˼˵
򲻿ɣɽɫ΢䣺ҶѣһӡΪ飬ȾҪ꣬鷽ʽɹҲߣһʧܣ᳹䣬ɢ
ǽҳɹ֮Ҳܵƣ޷뿪屦Ϊ൱ǵǡ
ǵɽ磬ѽ⿪Լ÷ӡָɣɾʹҲΪƹ꣬Ѿڲһˡ
֮ҲǸӦȫ֮Ͼ֮ﵽһ̶ȣ˵һ˿ɾʹϣ
ҶɽĽѾģЦ˵ҶĳҲֻһʣĽԼƳġҶε̾Ϣһ
ʵҶżķɽ磬ǿ취½磬ֱ֮ӽӵɽ磬ϾʱҶѾλɰ࣬磬ǷһſɱġȺ΢΢˵ͷҶһЦ
ֻͨ٣ɽ֮½磬Ҳǰ֮¡˵꣬Ҷɵ¶ݡ


646 ȼ
ºҶľϥ˼ʲô
֮ǰɽ˾һʵΪҶɽ⿪ɽʱĽɣҲӦ׽֮ڤ󡢾ɫ׵ȡ
ڤƷȺУº󽻸Ҷһöھɫ׵ҶԼϵĲϾѾճ߰˰ˡ
ɫײڷռҲв٣ɫײݣѾĴ֮»ΪɫֻҶɵʱ֪ôˡ
һЩϽɽΪƣһЩǷȱĲϣҲʲô̫ϡ֮ɽڵʱѰ׵󷮰뱪һ뿪ɽڡ
ЩϵҶû̫ģ̸ķҶЩž˰֮ãЩѵķ롣
ˣңʱ⴫Ⱥ
ɣҶɻ䣬Ⱥ뷿Уվһԡ
֪ʲô취Ȼл꼸ֻһ˿ˣҶһ䣬֮ǰʹɽˣûа취ȻȺܹҽǿҶɱ㿪һ䡣
Ⱥüͷһ壺ˣ˵ģӦǽ֮ˣǿ䣬仰˵ֻǱӳڰˣǿȫһģȺʵûл֮
ԣҶɫһȺɫһ䣬оЩףȴû˵ʲôϾԼ˵ʵ
ˣȥɣҶ˵꣬Ⱥ뿪䣬ֽŹʣҶһ̾Ϣ
֮ˣһģΪҴӦ㣬һҶ˵꣬ԭһ˿Ƶģٴμᶨ
ȷ޷ˣֻܵɽ˵ˣźɽ֮У֮Ҷ˵꣬бһ㣡

պҶǿڵķ䣬˫Ŀգұ壬ҶЩıǧ֮ãڴñ֮ʱȴ³
Ȼ²ֶΣδĿĻЩĺҲ㲻ϴ֮ˣҪǣҶɵĳɳУǿ費Сİȷһʦ
˵ҶɳɳһҪˣʱļνѣҶɶ޷ûǿҶɿĻᶼûС
ʦ϶ѾɽǰˣƵҩȺʩһµģܴǰʲôӣʼյʦ˵껰Ҷת뿪
Ҷʧãǿ۽ǣȻ΢΢һ£漴ǻָ

Ҷɸ磬ʱˣĳ侲ڣЩ˵˵
ҶɿڣȴǹһЦҶôæͱˡ
ǣҶɿ̫࣬һЩŮޣɲܹҶɲġưҶ˵ûȴʮɿ֮⡣
ȿȣҶɸɿȷȽ϶࣬Ϊ׼ԸŻ֮ʦˣȷЩ
˵껰Ҷɰ˽һۣڵֻŲһưĳȥҶ˵꣬
ЦһȻ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫαװҶ֮⣬Ƿĵ׵һֱ̾Ϣ
״Ҷһ㶣漴ŷХӦϵˣ˵ԼǰܵǷħʴ־ٶҶɲɵһᡣ
Ƭ̣Ҷɫһĵ壬ǰΪܵһаʴʱ̫ѣΪȿйٵĹΪϣ
˵ˣֵܣõŽӦ϶ǽˣֻûˣֵ˵飬ҲúúٻˡȻҶɵĻҲ˼䡣
ǵĻҾͷˣڵֻǶһаָʲôΪҶɿ˿ˣЩ̾Ϣ˵һ䡣

һºɽ潫굤ƳҶۼȺʩǿ֮󣬱Ǵٻ뿪ɽڡ
ȥҶɿ˿ٻһû뵽Ȼʱ䣬ҶҲЩΡ
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ôˣٻϵΣϴһĨε˵
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һ·ϣҶɶݹйŻٻŽߵĽɢĵ㣬Ҷɲ֮ǰһĻ

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ˣԥݳ֮⣬ŵţԵĻߣθա
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648 ̵Ŀɽ
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̣ԸǰΪʦ˵껰Ҫʦͽ񣬵漴Ⱥִ̧ϣһ̱ɼĻصλ
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ȺǱֻʣһ˿΢ҷ֮ʱߣǷҲܵԼҶɫһĿ˿Ⱥ


649 
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޷Ļҷɽ磬ΣҶɫһʵ
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650 յ
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ҪٻţҶɸ磬Լȥٻһ䡣
Ǻǣٻ̫߿ˣ֮£ҲֿȥĵطɡҶ˵꣬ǴŻٻ뿪ǧ¡

һ󣬶һ·ɽˮҶ˳չһЩϣ˴Ԫ۹һԪԨ
Ҷɸ磬˵Ĺ屻ӡĵطٻɻоԼʶ֮һҲ޷̽С
ȿܷȥҶ˵꣬Ӵʶ֮ͷŶת֮£׼·ĺɫٳһͨٻҶɽ롣
Ƭ̺ҶɷԼʵ˵㣬òŻٻԨϿշȥʶ֮ʱķɨȥ
ͨ޷룬벻ɽȻȥ˵أҶЩп˵漴ҵ˴ԨӳʱͨĸΪʶ֮ҲҲ׼ȷλá
飬ȥͨӦþ⸽Ҷ˵꣬ǽڽգ漴ವһûԨ֮ڡ
պ󣬺̤ڽԨҵͨҶɼʶ֮£Ȼ޷ŻٻУЩûٻܵڤ֮ʴҶЩ⣬Ҳ޿κΣֻԼУٻ
һºҶɴԨ·˳ڤǱ𣬻ٻ״˿Ҷɸôͳˣ
ǺǣԭҲûʲô飬ֻǹȥѣ˳㽻һЩõϵĶ߰ɣȥԪݳǳתһȦҶ˵꣬ǴŻٻ뿪Ԩ

һ޹һԵ򽻻㴦Ĵյ֮һϾɽ
ٻ·ŨŨɵüһ壺еĶԺǿ滹ʧƺⶾδġ
ԣҶ¶Ȼ֮ɫٻȻóʧŶδڣǶηģҪ֪ҶɣҲǲ鿴òŷִ˵ġ
ٻҲʶ֮̽ģֻһָоܹظоңӦżΣյĴڣǲ֪Ƿǻٻɫһ˵ͬʱҲЩȻԼĸӦ
ȥҶ˵꣬ǴŻٻ·ȥһ·϶λΪһ㣬ɽҶɶ˸ҷֿΪⶾʶ֮Ҳ̫̽Զ
Ҷһ߷ɶݣһɻⶾв֪ʲôʧЧٻͣĴʲô
Ҷɸ磬¾ǻӤڵļˣ߿϶Ҫ·ڲСĴĽ֮Сٻüһ˵
޷ȻŨһЩҲ·ģٽȥҶ˵꣬ǴŻٻȥ
ºҶҲͣסΣǰĶμŨֱͬˮһճҶԼǿҶƺоƺʲôֲĴڡ
Ҳ޷ˣٽȥпܻʧġҶһĸ߶ȣʵڲȥðʲôԭҶҲϲ̼óȻԸ
ղ·ƺޣϢֲӦþǴƵĹŽٻɫһ˵
ӦǴ˵еޣܶεӰ죬ʵ޸߳һЩӦóȥġҶ˵꣬ǴŻٻ뿪Ͼɽ

һҶٻӰɹݣɹһЩӼҶɣͬħһ׷׶
ҶٻɹݼǳأСס֮ãչһЩϣ˵ĹϵҲǸ˲٣˿ȥֱһް硣
ٻϲƽУҶɵ׷飬磬ȴǲܵκ˵׷ɱҲκǣ
һʱ֮Ҷɶ˳һ·ɶĸ£ɹݶ򽻻㴦
˵һƬһ޼ʵĺ棬żС㷭ˮϲǷɹһЩĴ񣬸嵽潫һҧס漴ɵԶ
Ͽŷƽ˾ֻܻ̣Ũ̶ȽΪһ㣬ҶɶգԶƬһ޼ʵĺ档
Ĵյ֮һġúڻĿʲôΣգٻ䣬ֻһ죬һЩ仯


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ԭϵķʧȡ֮һֻֻͷһԾ޴Ĺ񣬿оȻŵ̰ݡ
ϲʱԾһ㣬׶ޱȣžԾˮ棬ʮһֻ񣬵˺飬ȾˮƬ̼䱻ϡ͡
Ȼ٣ԷֱαóȻ϶ҶȻǷʵڣ֮ǰųһȻû֤Щ۾Ķй
ٻüһ壺⻹ֻΧ˻ú֮ڣҪ⻹ֲ
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷ½زͬ浹ûʲô·ĵطú֮ʲôΣգӶʱϢĵطûУһ֧Ȼᱻ˺顣
ٻңҪߣҶ˵꣬ǶݹһźϷȥٻȻţϾⲻʲôɽˮ
ֻҶɸһϿգһֻֻϣӴҶɵΣǱҶųķѹ˲顣
Ȼع㲻ηգȻͬɶ˻ҶɣûһܹӽԶľ룬Ҷһ·֮ϻ˳ģ֮£ʧߣٻЩǵĿҶʧĵطƬ̣Զһƽʯ֮ϡ

ºҶɳһĵ֮ϣ·һֻһʮɵİ˺ҧһϾȻɢŻӤԲϢ
ʮպҶɶݳĵΧʱһЩ֣Ѿܹȫɳˮ棬ڰ˺ҧеһϢȫ֮ͨ
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֮䣬Ҷֻܿռ䴫һɹĲţΧһŤ̼䣬üƽʧһֻֻͬδֹһ㡣
״Ҷüͷһ壬գûڸóȻǰУΪǰҶɸоһֲּϢȫԽ˹ŻҶɵѹ
Ƭ̣Ҷĵһ˿ԤУúڲ֪꣬ܶ޷̽أ¾żȻԼһ֮˽ú
뵽Ҷɶݹһ𣬱·أһ·ϵǷƽ˾Ҳûмʲô֡
պҶֻһ죬ͷһһʮɴϸˮԶԶȥأҴһɾ˵ѹ
״Ҷһ㶣漴˫һչһ֮£˲ʧҶɿоԪһҡ
ͷһҶɲ㾪ýгԼĶж죿Ҷ̫ļӳ֣һԶݵľмٽǧ֮Զ
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Ҳ֪ǺΪʲô׷һξ֮󣬱ԶԶͣ䲻ĵһˮС
Ҷ˿ոմ߶ڽȫʩչҶҲЩԲ䲻ʱĻͷһۣٵŰ߷ɶݶȥ

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ԣٻҲɫһϲϲҶɸ磬˾ɫ׵ɽ˼ְգ
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Ҷɸ磬˵ˣٻףֻҪ仰㹻ˣ٣һеȥϣٻ״Ҷɱ¶ûлٻֻڵҶɣʵ޷ûи֮ǰȥŮӹŮ֮

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ţҶ̧һ㣬ϵһϣǷɵ¯֮ڣҶС˵ڤߡ


653 
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ҲǱǰǿӲԭɹ۸û˭ȣռԪ۹һЩС׷ɽʾá
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ǿԸҲǳ˼ı仯˵ƺȻ֣˱óĬԣټЦݡ
޵Ѫ֮£Ѿѹ˴Ԫ۹ս˵м˺ˣʵɱһЩ

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ڶ峿Ҷɸˣ뿪ɽڡ

պɽڴâһҶɵӰֶ漴һģ֮£ʧ˴ϡ
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ҲǴŻ֮ɫҶΪ̫ߣ¶ֱӽΪУȺЦ
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Ҷ˵ּҳһ֮࣬ҶִʦÿһŻӤԼö˷ܲѡ
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ˣϱ̫࣬˵ɣɽ˼˵

˵̸Ҷɲ֪˿̵ǱĴӻ֮˳Ҳ֪ʲôɫЩɫ
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쳣ŨƺЩ·ճҺһ㣬Ϊɫɫ㣬ڽ
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˿̵ĺڽҶɸо֮ǰЩͬﲻһЩ˵Щ죬ЩصϢ
Ҷɳٻ鼸ΣȴǷûгɹƺڳ˯һ㣬˿ϵԾɴڣҶɺѾԼƿء
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ʱҶкȻһѩɫɫһţһ˦һâ˲仮ա
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ݹһҶ˲ɶݶߣȻǸ򾭳ޣʵֲĺҶɾ෴ķѰҳ·
ޱȣһṦ򣬱Ҷ˾룬ĿЩƺҪҶһ׷ᡣ
Ҷɺͷһ䡮ɱ㺢𡯣˿̲ǵ٩ʱΪ޶ıһ紫
ͷһ۳һֻɫצҶһץȻֵᱻ׷ϣҶҲֻתΣֳֺɫЩõĺצһնȥ
صһ졣
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һҶɵһϢƽȣоڳ˳ӯȣתٶҲǼ죬ǿ̶ȣǴﵽһǰδеĶ㡣
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Ǻǣ֪ͺã㳬Խ壬ҲҪʲô뷨ڸ½ҲʵϾڤǱƣ飬˲ĵġ
ԼƵıͬϹǰ㣬˲Ųһ٣ȻԺ֣֮ϹóϷһˣܲϹ½𣿡۷Ц
ߣһҲ磬ȵ˳֣ʧһ벻ﶼԽ˵ˣǷˣǣЦһ
ŶҪɣʱһڶƮͬһʱ䣬Ҷɵγ˶֮ڡ
ʲô˽׽֮ˣôܵģ飬ڤһָŻָ˽ɺڵʵô֮͵˽ɴԲ֮ģǰǸոշɶѰƺЩ޷ܣԭڳǸݵʧ̶Ҷɻһ֮ɫ
ǣϲ˽׽֮˵һǰ;˾Բģǣ鼷üŪ۵˵
ҶȻڷռڣĸӦģЦЦǺǣøұֵ㣬ˣ뿪˵Ҷ۷֮󣬽̤ڽʧ˶֮ڡ


662 ÷
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뵱겻֪ǿƼԼţǳ֮УĿǰЩԶԶܱܿЩ顣
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ǰԶоһ˿޵ĲӦڱչǱޣоʵԼǿһЩ
ҶɲóȻţǱԼ͵ģҲ˵ʲôϹʼԼϵֻС꣬һܺõӡ
뵽Ҷɶݹһ𣬱ǼǰɶݶȥֻҪһǳأغܿŪ˵صڳдϢǺܷģű˱չ˭᲻ˡ
ɶ˰࣬Ҷ½ķּһƺһ壬סŶʮˣҶԶԶıܿ
֣඼ɢޣЩ˶ԼʱȻûȥУѵûгǳأҶЩɻ
ºҶɾһƬ֣о˵Ũ̶ȱ֮ǰɽǿ࣬һɵҩ㣬д˳
Ƭ̣ҶɨΣûзʲôǿĴڣ漴һзȥ
Ƭ̺һݹԶ侭Ͽ֮ʱһͣ漴·ȥ
Ҷ˳ǹҩзɶݣȻԶһ꼻Ȼ֪ҩԼôҶȻŹ
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Ҷ붼һ˵ԶͬʱǰâһһҶɵǰץһ߳
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ɲҪûУǲŵģԳƺΪ÷Уˣ꼻ǧ꿪һΣÿֻܳʱήҿҪϿȡˡ˵ŻԳ÷꣬׼ȡ꼻
״Ҷüͷһ壬Լһֱ͵עǱ۸ʱȺĻһĵ
˴ˣǰʶɨΣʵûԼߣҶɵʲôɽͱһճԼһҪ۸ǿжߵĽ࣬Ҷɿɲ뱻˭ܰڲġ
뵽Ҷɵһ㣬ವһһâֹ˰ժȡ꼻漴һ
÷ѡ÷ƺЩڰԵˣҶĳֵģǿȡ˵ҪҶĳߣٺ٣ˣͲҽɱˣҶһ˿в֮⣬ϲûʲôɱԷʵ£Լ̬֮󣬶ԷӦ֪Ѷ˵ġ
÷ɫһŭҶɣɱңǾͿûˣ䣬䵥Ϣһţܴһ֮
һ̣ҶɱЩĿɿڴԭоԷɺڣգ۵ĹһϢȻԽԼɴԲ
ڶԷϢҶɸЩȻķ֣ԷȻһŮӣֲ֮ǰоЩԵġ


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÷гŰһףһ𣬳ǣҶһնȥ
״Ҷɶ˵ļڤɻ꽣ĿǰΨһõĳֵģҲֻд˱ˣâһڤȻҲǵС
صһ죬ײһڽ·磬ǿֵܵס÷ĳ
ף˱Ҳɱļ𣬴˾ȻۺԽɾΪֵסŽڣ÷ЩȻ֮ɫ
ţһߣһҶɱȥߣҿƾɵʵұƴ壡
ȭԣصһ졣
÷ԤеĽҶһȭûг֣侹Ȼֻǵ֮ԶԼҲһĵĵ
⡭Сӻǹ̥ҾͲʰ㣡δ䣬÷з任ͣһ
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ߣҾͲܻҵ÷Ļû˵꣬¶֮ɫ
ѩɫ޽۵һ˻ڣţһ˲䱻ѩƮ䣬ѩ޽Ȼͬʱڻɢ˰ա
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ҶɫһԼҲû뵽ԯ㣬Ȼ޴ֻҲΪˣڴ˷ûȫʩչһҪһա
λӣ˵˵Ҷһ˵
ʲô㣬㾹Ȼĳҡôʶ֮㾿˭λ÷Ȼһ˿ңЩĴҶɡ
ٺ٣Ӷ꣬ȷþòأҶĳԲҩӿɷҽɽ״ԼĻ֡ҶЦǺǵ˵ʵǶ֣ҶıûĻܶԷϾĿǰ˶ûʩչȫ
ʲô绮ֶ֪ѵǸշԣշûʵѵǳڶϵʿ÷Щɻ˵
ԣҶһµȷǴӶʦ磬Ҷĳ֪֮֮٣оΪɾͣͻƿ뿪С׼ѰһԵ
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лԱϣҶڽ÷Ҳ漴һҶɣĽ꼻ȥǸˡ
ȻҲ֪м棬㽲ɽ֮µҲ޷ó꼻ı꣡÷Ҷɽ
ʱ÷ŽɽĴҶɽһ飬ҶҲǵ֪ɽĶԼϱŵľ档
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磿Ҷû뵽ɽ磬˵ôһ棬δ뵽ɽ粢Ľ棬ԭɽ֮ϻн档
ǲ֪÷Ӷȹ׽ˣҶһ䡣
÷ƲƲ죺׵صֿסĹȻǾŽһأҲǶȹһ׽٣Ƕȹ׽٣ΪŽڶصΪſˣߣ÷Щ˵˵
˵ŽھصĴڣɽˣҶʵоֻһѣƺԼңԶ
أ˾زǷ䣬оصĴɽģֽɽ磬ŽڰؾѾˣ֮Ϊɵۣ
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ŽʵģǺˣҲغͰأߴ׽ٵشڣͬʱɱصʿ׾٣һΪɵ۵İʿ֣ʿʵһģֵĻᶼûоͻᱻնɱ
Ŷ˵ֻҪ˴׽٣ԳΪɽˣҶ˼˵
Ǻǣ˴׽٣Щ׽֮¾ˣʵҲܹߴ׽ٽء
ңΪ׽ͻήٵģֻʵﵽһ̶ȣط֮ڤڤиӦϢŻή׽١
֪ж˿ھŽһأƾŬҲ޷Խƿ׽ٽ׶ʿÿһضһСƿɲͷһ˶׽ٵ뷨׽پܽٵģ⼸׻Ӥƿһġ÷٩٩̸˵


664 
Ҷ÷һǳظһ·ϵλ÷ɽ֮£еȻһЩ˼⣬ҶҲȽ棬һֱûдϡ
ǳһݰСɭϣǳſڸǳܣÿһξ룬żֵء
ǿǳصҶ겻ѣЩ֮УΪ͵ģȻҲǽɣҲֻΪϱսţԭˡ
ͨƣסҶɣ÷Լơ
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ԣͬȼλĲԼﶼԡЩɻĿ˿ҶɣҪǸ÷һͬУͽҶ׽ˣϾ뱱սһмϸġ
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㣬ڼλһһˣҶ΢΢һЦ˵ϾԼҲ֪ٲܻͨƵġ
⼸ֲһ㣬ҲǺצţЩֵðɣһ߰ٿ񣬽ǵķÿ۳󣬸ʱͨơһϣһ֮£гһСɫʯɢž
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ȿȣ÷÷Ҳ֪ǲֲ̣һ׼ЩļֵҲԸġһЩ֮⣬Ҳþе˼
ˡҶɵһΣǽս˴÷״ɵ΢΢һ㶣ЩɻĿҶɵĴ
ǿԽ˰ɣҶ˵꼸У÷Ҷɱǽ˳С
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ҲգʱˣУ㵽½索ﱦɽ綼õĴָһðⱻ˽ץȥ̲顣÷Ҷ˵
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÷ɻҵǲ·ʿȻͨ٣ɽ̨Щõġ
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ɾӣ÷ˣҶɹ˹֣Լ꼻øֵģõһЩϢõһЩȻЩ÷ֻǾ֮Ͱˡ
ؿ͸չؼϹƵģԣճСޣͷԵģͦȤ
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û뵽ֻɻĿҲһۣȻӦֻ۸ʵЩҶѪԼòϵ߰˼ͨ鱦ԼһЩϼһ𣬲һٶʯһţмֵ
ǿάס찴ʱ䣬ԼҪ뿪Ҷ״θоûʹ࣬绹ûﵽ⽻ʱڼֱһ
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665 طɽ
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ɱޣҶ˼˵
Ѿ˲룬Щ֮Уһ֣ŽһΪĶǽɣʵ̫͵ҲûȥңϾɽ̫ǿȥ˰ﲻʲôæȥԳĿ˵
ҶɣСɢޣ֪ڳд˶ã׼ʱҶɿһ䡣
Ѿڳдһ£ջͻңСһСջһʮסһգֻסʮգԽվ׼Ͼɬ̾Ϣ
ҶипɬʲôһЦ˵֪˷ʲôļƻ
ٺ٣Ҷѷģҵ׼󷨣һһĵαȽϤƽһǿУҵ̳ߣƣûҪƴġЦЦ
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ⳡжڵҶ˵ֱǼʱ꣬պЩɢ޻һҲԶ˽Щɽ飬Ͼ÷˵ֻƬ棬ͱҵһҿջΪܱˣʵÿ˵֪޵ġ
ҶɵЩ棬÷ΪҪŮװģסԼһϢǶʱı¶ҶɻԷֶߣѲɽ綼Ǻɫ֮ͽҶ˲ܵ뷨
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ͬһʱ䣬ɾӿջǿڣһٻӰ߳ŰɫȹʷǷһ˫֮УȴǴżԹ֮ɫ
һȻһԵľˣʶһ±ݣ˷ҵ£ߣ´㣬Ҫúýѵһ٣Ů˵꣬˻ӷ۵Сȭͷü΢壬뿪˴˵ء

ҶһаˣڷɶݵϼɽԵͣڰգңԶĻһϴԾԾ֮ɫҶɷ֣˵زԼӳǴ
ϼɽΪ磬򶫺ǣǱ߱Ǳ򶼳Ƿ˳ˣشҲǰɽϡ٣ʵһƬ򡣡ϿԶɽƺĶ˵
ٺ٣ͷЩ֣һЩҲµģ߱ǡЦ
ǺǣѶٸӵһ߽޿ɾͲ˵ˣңһ壬ҵȶȻЩΣգϾ˵غ֥ǸЩġ
ţȻȴԻɱ˫ȷʵмֵȻҲҵȼȻɱޣǰȫһ˵꣬˵˵ͷ
־˿ԶڵȻˣҵȾƽʱսʤĶ֣һ𷵻أȻһΣ;ɱһЩޡ
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666 սţ
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־Ҳȷ˭ɱޣƽ֣˻ɱ޵ʬ壬ʵĺʯܣҲȽϷġ
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ɽ֮еĴﱦȻСɣҶɿ˿öָ̾ѡ
һ֮£Ҷɱǿʼ˴öָΪ䣬ʱ䣬ҶɱǽϵӡĨ漴鿴ҪҶ̫СԺȱƬ̼Ϳ
ɽ粻ȷˣͨ˵õ˵ĶЩпɽ磬ɱ˶ᱦʵҳ㷹οҶֻ˳ּģΪ˶ȱ
Ƭ̺Ҷɵϸֳһ˿Ц⣬Ȼûʲô̫õıȴһöɽԼϼɽĵΣֲ϶ɽ˽⡣
滹żֻƿҶɲ²ⶼһЩָƵĵҩ֪ҶҲģϾԼзռ飬ֻǲ֪ܷɽɵЧ
һƷɱСܣһɫǹһͷ­Сɫʯƺɿݵ٣ֻУֻװмҩһ֧пտҲ
һЩӰ˵ĲϣЩҶҲв֣мҶɵܲ²⵽ƺѾļϡ
Щ·ǧɫ̣״ĳʯҶһһɫʯУҶܸогŨԪ
벻˷񣬾ȻǧЩڳסһʱˣٺ٣ҶЩûϢ˵һ䣬оԼͻȻ
Ƭ̣Ҷɽöͻ˴ָ鿴Ƭ̺ûзʲôĶ
ףǣʱҶɺȻ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ֮Щɲ


670 ˳
ҶϵĴָУȻһöָһ֮£ǳУƬ̣Ҷɿʼ
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ǰϵõıûɲģѵһ·˳ı·ϼ˵ıҶ˼ʶһֶ롣
Ҳ֪Ҷɿʲôտʼ鿴ָ΢΢һ㶣漴һϲ֮ɫЩţεߣ
û뵽ʯĴָȻ䵽ϵУҶɿʬ壬ܲ²ǺʯĴָ
Щʬ壬Ҷͬǰһ㣬һʱնɱޣû뵽䵽ԼС
Ҷ漴鿴˴ָڵϱ˼ײ֮⣬һɱҲûз֣мɢĲϣԼöƿ
ʯԲϣ񲻹ǧ飬Ҷɵǿ˲٣Ƭ̣Ҷһʧ˵ƽʯ֮ϡ

һĹ󣬺һʱڣ̤ڽ˰գҶɵӰʧ˿̣ڷռ֮ڡ
ƿĵҩȡ֮Ҷ鰤ϣǻָԼ˵ĵҩںʯĴָУȻһƿԼǿĶһƿǽⶾ֮ҩ
ЩҩպãҶ½öָһһöָڣװĶ޵ʬ壬һöָڣװǺʯϵһЩϵҩԼ˵
ҶֽԼĴȡжװûʬĴָʹϵıһҶɴһöָʱ֮ڡ
Ƭ̣Ҷɿ˿ֻ䶪һԣ߼ĴﱦȻõҲʵ̫ࡣ
ǰϴָûжٶҶɵһЩװ˽ȥʯĴָֻǿķУڶһֻСЩޣϵĴָ
ҲգȵбһЩޣʱûʲô⡣Ҷɲûеʲô˽ʯĴָȡϵĴָȻڳ洢ռ䡣
ҶЩ鲻ԽϵĴָ΢΢ǵɽõĵһҲԼҪĶ棬ҶɵɽõĵһʲƸ
ûҶɶϼɽĴ·ΧҲ˽һЩһ˼Ҷɱڽһ֮£ʧ˶֮ڡ

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ǳȻֻϼɽƽʱʿǺٻ߶ǵԷΧʲôĲϡ
Ҷɿ˿ԺΰĽ½ĽһЩ̣Ⱥֻʬ壬ڳй
ʬ࣬Ҷɲûһγ꣬ⱻ˵ǣ߼䣬ҶɺȻǰۼһЩʿƺʲô
Ǳţǰյ½֮˷ɽ磬ֱӱ̨ĳϿ£˵δ
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˵ѰˣǷҲû˷֣Լãܱϱ֮ץ
֪˰ɣ뿴½ϣô֪ɽ̲֮ˣôܻصģһûУһȺͱ׽ɱ
⵹Ҳǣɽ綯ңɢƵ֣ܶ϶ĳ˾ǷʿѲϱİİ̲飿Լҵһˡ
ٺ٣λѣ˵֮ʹõıԼһЩͽ׹ԿߵģһҵȿԾٱõٵĽ
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ҶһëȻǶˣǰһʿվͬʱҶҲԽҲѣ÷ѣԼ»䣬类ǵּˡ
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Ƭ̣ҶɾûԶЩˣȥһұ֮󣬳ֻʬ壬ǧļ۸񣬹һöװ޵Ľָ
һ˽䣬޴Ҳ˴ָڣҶɿɲⶪ׼ԺлҸԶǳصĵطڶ
ҶɺȻЩɹЩ飬ǵ˷ԼǷʿȻΪתʿȴҶһΣС
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ҶƺһƣɽζȻͬһڣһִˬƺƣҲһɨա
þƣҶɰ̾յһ£һʱойƺһԼһ㣬ϲ֮£ҶɼæתһΪȻҲһ˿
Ҷƺҡ£Ƽֱ񣬾ȻӵǴ洢һЩպʡʱ䣿
ҶɺµڶʱָоԼ٣󣬳ŨŨľ㣬оһ˿Ĵڡ
˵ƣͬһЩ׵ҩһ㣬ֻǵһһЩã֮۶٣ҲʲôЧˣҶɰ̾ϧӰƷζƵ¡
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Ů۲תЦЦĿ˿Ҷɣԣ΢ЦСӾȻߣϴΪβǶ𣿡
ԣҶɷбյЩĵֲ÷ӵĸֻۡסһҿջǶһ˵
÷ЦһͣЩƿԣƬ̣һ˿ŭת˲ʧһЦݣҶɿЦݣֲõԤС
Ŷ˵µǲܹҶˣ÷ЦЦҽһ£ҽ÷ܰԺܰͺˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ЩװɣҶĳӲϤģ
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ҶѣҸպȱһ֣˷ǰңص֮ҶһЩģ÷ܰһ˵
ҶɵҡͷЦЩթ϶Լûʲô£Ǻǣ÷ӿˣҶĳ˳Ǿ޼꣬ûд׬ȡġ
Ҷɿû¸˼ҵ֣ǰɽ磬˵ΪһЩͬ⣬ڣȻûҪ
ľͷߣú˵ȴҪǲӦҾ͵½籦пǸʿʱɽ¶ݲ㣡÷ܰ΢ŭ˵
㣡Ҷɵ˫Ŀһ漴ܿ˿Щµĵ÷ӿʲô˵꣬Ҷɵ÷ܰ棬˵Ĵָƺҫһ㡣
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ҴӦ㣡ҶЩ˵ɲԼʲôʵ飬һ֪£ջȥ˳ˡ
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Ҷ΢Ŀ˿÷ܰںֲпɽ磬ԱǸ÷ܰʵһ㣬Ҷɿ»ԥĳֽƷɲԷǲŮӡ
ңǲ룬ʵûߣͳɱң÷ܰЦЦ˵
ԣҶüһҲûʲô÷ӣЩҪ˵ģǻطģ
д⣡÷ܰȻ΢ЦҶɽ˹󣬶뿪˾ƹݣιƬ̣ǽһջ֮ڡ
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Ҷɫһڣ÷ܰ棬ڵ÷ӣ˵˵Ҷĳʲôðյ£ҶĳԸҲ룬һ
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˵ͨˣȻΪȥʵô̬һŮӶ£һʲô÷ܰЩӵ˵
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ڿɱڣȻԼңɽ磬ǰǣ·ѡһ
Ҷĳڻеѡ𣿡ҶɿûΪնɱ÷ܰʵһɢԼǷʿǸӲףһȥǸʲôɵ
ܺãԺƺܰͿˣˣ㲻ҪһлԼܳ˳ǣһٱ㡣
ɽ󣬵ԺԶҲǰĻܵﶼᱻ֮׽ġ÷ܰЦЦҶһ·ҲɵóĬ

ɵڷ˳һȽĵطֻ֪֮ǳ˵һãһȴǲ֪
ɵҲ˽ƽʱټ߶ſڳأ;ŽһΪ
һգһһŮӰ˴ſڣŮ֮ͨص˵ͷ漴˽˷ɵ
֮һտյĴһŻվһԣŮƺ󣬼æشһк
ŮƣԵİӽУ£˿ļֵ
ŻһͨһһŮУƺЩ谵Ӱǰ
÷ܰȻͨƣΪλҪƣò͵İɣѲǷ˳ǵĹ֮ˣ˵ҶɣһֱЩŮݣֻ÷ܰԴֲֻᡣ
Ͳòˣһͨ棬ŻһŻ취Ūһ߿ܾͿˣ˷ɣ÷ܰɫص˵


672 ǿ
Ҷüͷ΢壬÷ܰԴ˵ػΪϤ˼ȡһ߿ܣͿԼ뿪ˣ
ȻУ˵زҪƣȥʱͬҪģʱ۳ɹ񣬶뿪Ǿϣ÷ܰ˵ָָ꣬ǰֵŻ
ȥӦλش𣿡ҶЩɻ˵
ûƽɵʴµģЩ󷨿ʦҲʵģֱӽȥ˵չ˵ʱӲһЩЩ϶Ҷʣ֮Լ¾ͺá÷ܰü΢壬ɫҲЩصӡ
ҶЩӣоϵЩϡͿٴν̸˼֮󣬱Ǹƿһʯ˽ȥ

һĵʯڣмѻŸֲϣЩϼʯܣһεĶڣϰ֮ࡣ
ʱһӰڣȡߴмһЩϣ漴ʯſڴɫȻĿˣ·һһ
ʱʯŴϼһصʯӦЩʯûпһۣʶתͷȥ
৵һ
һɫӰʯŴæص˵ͷûѯʲôɫһ΢΢˵ͷ漴еĲϡ
ˣ÷ܰҶɣһѻͬСɽĲϣͲɵһ󲿷ֲҶɶûһС֣ҶҲֻһЩѡ
Ȼڴ˵صıϣҶɫ䣬ɫȻȥһüͷ壬漴һ䡣
֪ʹߴ˷ɵΪ£˵꣬һ˱һһ䱸֮ɫ
Ҷһת˿ŽһʵȻɫһ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ߣʹʲôǶ£ǶĲ²һȥҪһˣ취ǵһݡá¡ҶһһС˵־ӡ
ҲңС֮ʹڳǰԼ䣬ҵһֱľֵش˵أ͵ġǰ˵æİ˵
ŶְأЩӣǶû͵ǧҪ˹ڣĻ˭ܲˣߣҶ˳Ļӿڵ
ʹߴ˷ģ˶ϿƣΣǰֻһƢǿǵ֮Щ˵ʵࡣ
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ǾͺãȿôϱĲôʰǣҶ˵껰תĳʯȥ
ҶɵӰǼʯһʱ¶м֮ɫߣ϶ĵӣٻϣ˿ôĶ֪
ԣһæ˸ƣ˵ˣһʹߴҶ˵Сɶˣ˵ˣҪϣʢҲʵ
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ʯĽһߣ㲵Ŀһ棬һ߲δεĽɫܡ
ߣ߿δҶһۣĺһȻֻһɳڣҶɷַ죬ȥĪ⣬ѲµЩܿ϶ǳԴ֮֡
ڴ˶ԼЩ̬ȣҶ֮֮󣬱뿪ʯȥ˵ڶʯڷŵĿܣһͬ˼ʯпܶһ
Ҷɽʮһʯʱһɺ۷ĻߣȻҶЦЦٺ٣λСѶʹߴˣϷЩʱһֱľֻϣʱܽҩҵȡ
ԣҶɫһ֮ǰЩһԼһԹޣǰΨƤЦ
ãֻҪֳɫԺ˵õãҶ΢΢һЦ˵δ׼˵ʲôԶʧ
ʹߴ˷ģƱǿܵЩУ˺ϼһϷѹˣƵĿʵǿٶҲԱȱ˿죬ټϷӲ͵϶ġЩЦЦ
һ˼Ҷɱߵֺ֮⣬˼˵Ҳ޷ϾΪ̫ͣлĻʦǰѵġ
ԣɫһϲлСѣҿһ֮󣬽дչԽһЩʦֵҲδɡ
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ˣʵǷʦǰʽǷ͵ȥһˣʵƵпܣҲϤġҶ˵
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һЩϹﵹǳ֣˼һ㲻ҪֵͼܣЩ˼չҲѰȫĲϡ
ԣڴսһüҲֻЩóĲϣСһʣСѲѡһ֮á
⣬²װɣҶһû뵽Լ֪οڣϼһﵹԼš
ԣһЦǰֻҶɣĶģٲΣûʲô׵ģϷһ߰ˣֻҪСǰԼ䣬Ϸ򲻵ûлõһЩôģٺ١
ҶһϲɫĵǰģһڸλʦǰЩʳļһٺ٣ҲǺù
ͬһǰ˾Բܵ俪ڣҶȴ΢΢һЦ¶һΪѵı顣
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ҶɳƬ̣ڵҶĳ˵Щ̰ˣ֪ܷ߿ܣҶĳԴϲҶɺֻһ߿ܣʱضҪ÷ܰԼ˿ôò
ԣͬһ֣ϲ˭ϲԼЩ۲ƽʱ˭ܴϣ䰵Ҷɻ̰ᣬһҲãԼץסİѱԺ󲻸ԼûҪˮ
ʵҵƳԽ࣬ҲЩģȻСϲϷߣǧҪ˷֣ҲҪ
й涨κˣ˽ȡĿܣ߱ǿܣЩϷ۷֮нɺʵ
Ƶͬ׻ԿܣҲϷ߿ܵĶ֡˵꣬ͬЩֵĸһ߽ӲӵĿܡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ɻô˵ѵһֿܣһԼֻȡһ߱ǿ²ˡ


673 
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¼ˮˮľľ𡢻𡣷֮ˣľľˮˮ˻𡢻˽
Ҳµ˹ϵ˴֮ԱĻᵼ෴ĽˮľƯľ޷棬ˮһ˵Ĺϵ
磬һˮ˻𣬵ƹʢˮᱻγɷ˵Σʵб޳ռоԵơ
һ˽ˮԱǿܣһרƳԸԿܣĿܽܡ
Ȼû޵Уû˭ĵ̶ֳȣķ˴ĲȥԸһ˵ĿܣЩֱӡ
Ըʹÿܼû̫ƣҲֻսʱѣҶСҲ赣ģĿܷӡ
ԿܣϷ˵Ҳ֪;޷ǡˣϷͲˣҶСѿԼȥ׻ԿܣͬЩ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵǾͶлѣ߿ҶĳˣԺлᣬҶĳȻʦǰ㣡
ͬһϲ˿˼䣬Ҷɱ뿪˴˼䶴Ĭãͬһ¶һЦ
ߣлȥԼ䣿ϷֲҩȻˮϵĺ֪˽ؿܣΪŹ㣿ٺ٣
ɴԲѣĵӣΪϷ㣿ߣθڵǲСȻ̰ĵ߿ܡԱϣͬ΢ĬƬ̣Ǽ˿ܡ
ͬ˼Ҷɲ֪Ҳ֪˿̽ʯһңһЩʯƵĿܣɫɢ׵֮
ҶԭţԼЩԿܵʯ꣬һƽͬˣԼ͸Լһ߿ܣ⵽ЩҲû˭ҶɣһĮҶɻε¶֮ɫ
£Ҷ߽֮һʯ涼ƻԿܣϸԹɫ֮£ҳһ꣬˿ʼҶҲǰҶɺʾ̰֮󣬴˲͸Ҷһ߿ܡ
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ʯҶɹʯѾ˵ڶ磬ȻԿҶֻõһߣ˿ҶҲ㲻ŪһߣΪԿܣڻû䡣
ҶʯڳĬƬ̣мһСɽĲſڵǿҶɣֻʣ°ʱ䣬ҶЩΪ
ǿ϶еˣ÷ܰʼΪƵĿֻһ֣Լһ߾ͺãԼóԿܺŪ÷ܰشᱻ֣ʱ÷ܰʢŭ֮£˵ɳʲô£Ҷɿɲ뱻ɽ׷ɱ
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ϹΪ飬ҶҲóʹãһ٣ϹҲؽɻɲҶ뿴Ľ
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677 Ʋ
ɫ·˵أҶɲûмŶߣʲôᣬ漴ڵأһĴϢš
ڷ۾Ҷͷ֮ʱȴǺȻͣûԤϰߣⲻҶ¶ɻ֮ɫͬʱһ˿䱸֮⡣
ɫһ䣬װϣʿֶһ꣬ȥ棬òʡ
һϢǿᣬڵҶɣҲԿ͸ΪȻҶɵΪҪߣΪϸоһ˿ѹ
վһӣһۣͷ⣬ȥһ֮ˣҶϸĿ˿ˣ¶֮ɫ
ʾѣ츳ԶˣȻֻɳڵΪȻΪ޴󣬵վһ𣬻û˿н֮⡣
Ǻǣƣľ߻۸ŽڵʵȻȾ֮ɽʵУҵԵһЦ˵
ǺУҶԷƺԼΪѣǲµ˲Ƿŵӣ򲻻˳ƺ
ǰʵߣȻһɴͷ˵ѵˣڱꣿ
а˸еľн֮ɫǳô꣬ҲڸƽģضҪһͷ
ҶɫȻЦЦл⣬Ҷĳô˵
΢΢һЦǺǣƲǷƣ֮֮ңƶʿΪҲЩ洦һܣ
Դ˵ǷҲĪҪᣬҵȾ޶⣬ҲԣֻǼ֮࣬ײԵ֮£㹲һ
Ҷɼ̬ȳϿңȷʲô⣬ǰΪʲô˼ֱӶĸֱӡ
ǱлλˣҶĳһҶһ޷ȴҲǺˬ֮ˣ䣬һһģ֮£˷ۼװ֮ϡ
֪γƺǣλѰƲԣ򵥵һܣ漴һơ
ѣѣҶɣ˵껰ҶŶˣ˴֮ڣҶɿ˿ڵװΣɵ¶һȻ֮ɫ
ܹһЩ˼СҼмֻʹû˿Ծıʷ棬Ȼһɫƺǻһ㡣
Χһžµڷһֻɫĺ«ȴûмյҶɸо·ص˷˼һ㣬ڣľƽͣ
ǺǣҶѼЦˣҶǰ֮󣬱ǾͶԵԸҲЩƣӲɽ꣬ңɽ磬ղһЩ֮廳֮ãҲĿƲ΢Ц
ٺ٣ЩҶһĲֵҵУ󣬷˼ʮ꣬ܳһĻʦƷ䱦Щ˵
ңҶĳСȻ걦̤źһʱûЩ飡ҶЩп
ˣҵһƷζƣһ߳ģƲԻ䣬Űһӣָ΢ֻһ󲨶
̼䣬ҶЩȵ֮Уɫ죬Ԫ۳ɫųְգŰƲָһ㡣
৵һ
֧ԪΪıյ֮ϣÿһֻȥʣɫ˸ѣƺʵһ㣬Ɑյ֮ϣҶɻоһɵĽ֮
ֶΣҶ̾һŻ۵΢΢һЦɫ«ֱֻյơ
ǺǣҶѹˣҵȶϲƣרоһֵСרΪƷ֮ãƵζԼȣԵ֮ȴû˿ôƲЦЦ
ҶѣһԵҵȹ˱ǶյҶ΢ЦƲҲյ˿Ҷɡ
Ҷһ˵ӣȷ׶֮ӦòֽţԼ飬Ȼ԰ƲԵʵֱӶ֣ҶɸоԼҲûаӵ
ãлλҶɶյоֱ˿йƳʱɫȥͬճĽҺһ㣬Ũľ㲻Ҷһ
һ֮£ҶɺһǸоһ壬ΪһƮɢ˵֮ڣһ˿Ե
бյҶ˫Ŀоڳ㣬޵þƣλȻǰ֮ˣյסƱƲϣҲѰ֮
ͬҶǰƷһң𡯣ɱոշõһٵ֮ϣҶӦǸս׾Žڣպô˾ƣԴ洦ƲЦ
ңһĳɱȵһһٵҶ֮⣬Ȼо˾ƷǱѰҲû뵽ء
ٺ٣Ҷ֪Ƶ䷽ǵɽƵöģΪɽ𣬶ƵоܼͷЩЦЦ
ɽľƷҶЩ죬û뵽ңȻƷǱһ˲ںܹ֣֮ɼҲЩֶ֮
û˹ˣǵϴҵˣǰ飬ҶѲض룬˿ƷζҪĻƾͻζƲˬʵЦ
Ǹ˵󣬸Թһڶ֮Ҷɸо˾ȻԼΪЩ棬ͨǰֻһЩЧ
Ҷ뵽ǰ˹вЩпҶĳңܹõλʶҶĳЩɻ󡣡
л㽲Ȼҵȹû㵱ˡƲָ˷ֱһ
Ҷɿ˿ǣɫһ˵ҹʾѣΪŽɼѵкΰˣ˵˵Ҷĳܷæһ
ȻΪǲ㿪ڵĻ͵Ҷĳû˵ˡҶ˵껰ǾƱ΢΢һЦһ¡
ԭǴҶɻдʵĲһˣĳûʲôģҵȷֻΪĳҶѣΪҪɣǷ±յЦĿ˿Ҷɡ
⡭Ҷһʱ治λش𣬳ĬãԺмطһ飬жЦҲʲô
Ҷĳ̤ţΪĸʿΣֻܲǿʵⱻпʳû
ǿ䣬ȻҶĳһЩ˽£һֱ׷ѰһǿԱеѣԼ֮ˡҶƺ˵
ԣƲüͷһ壬˼ĵ˵ͷֲùϲ̫ǿı֮ԭǵĲֶ׷Ѱ
ٺ٣ĳľ˲ͬ׷Ϊ̣ԴﵽĿģ룬ȻѾΪβ֪㳣֣Ҫθ׷׷δǱ˰
һ֪㣬ɽ𣬿»ҪﵽߵĲΣһؽң˵˭ͳΪеĺǡ
ĳÿȻֻΪĳңɽ֮УȻ󣬵ҵȴƽཻΪûֻ֣֮жȤãңŹͬ׷
Ϊ˱Ͳףлõ˳׷ңڣαظԼ̫ǣأǺǣѵ׷󣡡
ҶɳĬãľҲһЩ΢ı仯ǵĻ޵ĳ־˿±һЩϹﶼҪ߳١
ܽˣҶɫһĳŶ˹˹֣ƲҲǫӦֻ΢ЦĿ˿Ҷɡ
Ƭ̣Ҷɿڵ׷·̫ͬƣҶĳ׷ĵעƽ̹λң
ƽ̹ģֺηֻҪԼ׷Ѱȷֵã·ߵĿģ׷Լ󣬱޺ӣƲԶյҶ΢΢һЦ
Ͳε˿ӹµһⲻ֪ܿңһӣúɣЩ߲εˣ𼶱𣬲ƵˣǷߵˡ
թαĸǿ񣬱濴Ʒ⣬ʵ򲢲泩ˣ׷·ͬԹ뵣ȻͬҪߣ֪á
Ҷһʣûʲô͵ģһң𣬻Ҫ˵껰ǵһһεĺ«档
⣬֮ҶĳڲȡһƵļֵҶɼ޷֪壬Ҳܹţһ൱һһٵļֵ֪ǵϲô˵֮˵¼ֵ
޷ҶѻûҵľǺǣҪɺָԵһ÷ˣĳǸˣ΢΢һЦ˵
˵ĲȻˣĳҲܺҶѲҪЦĳϵȷûʲô
ɣҵȶǰ֮ˣĳͰѡֶδڸҶѣԺƷζңʱҲʹôҶ˵һԵ֣Ʋ˵껰ǵһһöС


678 ϸ
ºϼɽĳһɫԶߣҶɵӰգĿʧķۡ
ҶɵҲЩ⣬ԼȻİˣƷ۵֮ã˿ûиоʱ졣
ҪҶɣǶһɽ磬Ҷɶ֪ȥ㳤ʱ䣬Ҷɸоա
ҶҲһ΢ĸо˴һ𣬵ȷľƽ̸ͣ˵˿⣬ƺ˶Ƿһ㡣
ҶȻܾ˳ɽ磬ҲֱһƣֶΣ֮£ҶɸںǣԼľȻ˼
ƺʲô±ø͸·˵ľԼҲĿҶɱҲɻ˼ϹЩϹûҶɵľߡ
Ҷһ߻ζദʱգһߴ߶Ŷݹ⣬ŶǸȥ·ϣ÷ܰ͵Ķ׹ɱȡһ

ĸºҶɻص˶ǣʬһգֹһЩϣ׼һԼνҪϹһЩʵ
ջصɾӿջҶɻû£÷ܰţ
СӣȻһԵˣף׾Žˣ÷ܰҶɵĶ棬Ҷɽף·𲢲̫⡣
ϲ÷ӣ㲻Ҳǽ׵˾Žٶ֮𣿻ǳԽҶĳһΣҶЦЦĻظһ䡣
ˣôһ֪ͼľûУôǿһٵİɣҩйɱȻ䵭÷ܰüһ˵
֪ͼٺ٣Ҷĳ㴳ɵ͸ҶĳЩôȻҪ߿ܺãЩ߿ӻȡ˰ɣ
Ȼȡ³йأ¾Բ˭ԸȥðյģҶĳȻȻܣкκøжģҶһ
÷ܰİһҪʲôһת֮ƺѹѹŭ⣬ڵʵɣЩҸ͸ģҸҪһ档
һ棿ҶЩȻ֮ɫ
ˣߣҲʲô£ȥԼʣ÷ܰ߷ߵ˵
÷ӣҶĳüͲҪ˰ɣǵĽѾֹø̫ҶĳԽﻹ㡣Ҷɿɲĸ׼棬иǣһĸ׷ԼǷʿҪЩ鷳
İɣҸײẦģߣ˵ˣⶫǣҸ㣬Ҳ߲ܸȥַȻȥˣ÷ܰһö漴뿪˾ҡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ѵ÷ܰĸǶ֮ҶЩһ䣬û뵽ĵطǳ
Ƭ̣ҶȻȥ÷ܰĸףһʱ䣬Ҳû취˰ƲԴڵֶΡ
Ʋʩչˮ쳣Ҷٻ·ϱоãȻ޷ɹⲻҶɶƷרõСֶθȤ
ֱڶһ磬ҶȻûѧᣬĪ˵ֶصĽƽӡ̶ɱյ״ɢ۳ɱյҶĿǰ޷
ãǽֶιȻһ㣬ƿַ;ܹģвҪżɣҪһ֮ҶҲ˵ֻ̫ŰƲԽԼѧϰ
һҶ뿪˿ջ

չҶԳרô󣬱˳ǰ䲢ûҹ뿪ǣתһ룬ʵһ٣п𲻱Ҫ鷳һܹ˶ǡ
ĲûжôӴ󣬷Щɫ֮⣬Ժ֮Ҷɷܵ԰ɽһ˿Ʋ
˳ͣ룡֮վſڣûнȥ˼
Ҷɵ˵ͷٲ̤Ǹоһ޵ʶ֮Լһɨ˿Ĵذڷţһߡ
ǺǣҶСѰɣһ΢Ц˵
ߵݣ÷ܰЩƣҶһҶɣ÷ǰԱϣҶһľ֮ϡ
ؿܰ˵ζİΪҶȥðգϷҪлҶСѵġ÷˵껰裬Ʒһڡ
÷ǰˣʵ÷Ҳһװˣʵڲҳǰл⡣Ҷʵʵ˵ĵ
Ŷ⵹ûܰǽףҲ˭еȥģˣ֪ҶСѳδ߿ʵ˫Ŀ˸ĿҶɡ
³СʵƫԶ֮أҶһ˵
ŶԭǶɢޣϷҲһЩˣ֪ҶСһƬУʦ˵Ϸʶġ÷һ䡣
ʦǿԭм¶ʦĵӣһ䣬ϱϮ
ʦƴҵȣձ޻ɱҵʦֵɢһֻΪΪʦ𱨳
Դѷɢ޶ռһϹ֣аȼλǰǸİ˽ӽ
£״뿪˶Ϊ˾ʵضز򣬾֮£˵ǷҶϴһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ˵
÷ԣüͷ΢Ŷԭʿﵺ콻ݺᣬСʤ
˵ǼˣаϷйһ֮ԵҶҲϤˣΪȥ˱˳ǣѵǵԴʹã
ǰˣǰ뼸λͬӣǰȥɽɱޣû뵽⵽޵ҷҵȰΧ
Ų·֮£ӵϼɽһ˷˳ǣֻǼλѣҲûһϢҶЩ̾Ϣ
ԭˣˣǰȥļʿ㲻˵˵˭Ϸ԰Ϊһѹǳ÷ЦЦ
Ҷһ˵Լʵȡ֤һˣǷ־ɱޣҶɵǲʲôϾЩʵҶҲ±顣
ֻǶ飬Ҫ˰ƲǶ˵Ľ⣬Լ֪ʲôԼǼܽеĳϼһ
ӵ־ѣϡҶɽ˵һһоٳ֮÷Ըȥ¿ǷڳУ·ҶѰҺѵӡ
һᣬԼôһĹһ˽س־ȼɢȴǳֹڡ
ǰһа֯ȥɽɱޣһ˷أ˴һǵϢ
÷˵ͷ˳ȥڵҶСѷģǼλѣϷһġ
ԣҶһЦ˵ſӰһѺһ꣬˴֮ڡ
ڳзһļϸһɫһ˵
ŶԴļϸӦ֪δαҪȥǣ˵һЩõϢ÷ɫһ˵
ҪˣҲһʱͿ˸̧֣ŹҰɣ꼱æĵ֮࣬ɲһܳܵ˵ġ
ٺ٣Ȼ˱ļϸҪݾϷȻˣԶ㶯̣»Щ˿Դ͵ġ÷Ц
ˣ˵һЩõϢɷŹңɫ˵
Ź㣿Ϊ˵õϢϷǸһʹ죬Ļ͵ųʮ֮ɡ÷˵꣬ǽ
⡭ˣ˵ֻ˸һʹ죬Ǵ˷һϸһңһǡ˵껰ָ̧Ҷɣ˲ɫһҶԸһ


679 ٴν
Ҷû뵽˾ȻָԼ֪ǿ־֮࣬Լ򣬻ʲôĿġ
оϷ֣ƺʱҶɳ֣䲻üͷһ壬Ūã»޷Ʋϵʱһ˿¶ѡɱһǧġ
ת֮£ҶһһߣҶĳ˵Ƕǵˣûʲô𺦶ǵ¡
෴»÷ȥɵһȦеһ֮ǰȻҲ£˵ͬ֪䣿
⡭Щٴοڣ÷˿Ҷ̬һ֮ɫһȡ
һɺԣҶСϷıͣߣȥ÷䣬ǽ˳ȥ
ǺǣҶСѲҪ⣬һϸֻˮˣ÷΢΢һЦҶ˵
ԣҶһһϸڶԣҲ޷Ҷĳ˱ָʹ⵹ǱϸҪɶ
Ȼ˷÷ǷǣһǱ֮˵ļƣҶĳĲף˵껰Ҷ¶һ˿м֮⡣
ȿȣ÷ɿһҶСѻ棬Ȼ㲻ҶСѿ飬ͲҪڿϷˣ
ңۣʵʵ˵ˣϾ˺޹ϸ𡣡ҶɿɲɺϣԼץϸԼ
ҶСҲӦϷΣϷ򲻵òһϷԼѡҲҵҴɵ֮ˡ
ҶССŮȻЩףҲòϷһЩϾϷ㲻죬żҶС̬ϷԿԶ϶㲻Ǳ֮ˣǰ򶨡÷ЦЦҲǰҶɶԼڿࡣ
Ȼ÷ûʲôˣ֪ҶĳɷȥҶȻЩãȴҲûб¶ʲôϾ÷Ҷɻǿġ
ǰ֮³ΣСѲҪϣϾʱϵϷⲻá÷ɫһ˵
Ҷû뵽÷ֵܷ̬ûй˼÷Ҳ⣬Ͼ˿ƷǱѰ
ǾͺãɣȻҶСµĻϷҶСѣʱҵٺúģ÷΢Ц
аݻᣬǣҶ˵껰뿪˳÷ĬĬĿҶʧıӰҲð
Щ죡һİڴƮ
һһɫһŤ֮£ȻΪһ۵꣬÷ϴ̸ʱڳ峤䣡
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ӲǾŽһأҾŽ۷ʵȻ޷ۼĿңпѾ޷ҵĴڡ
Ŷʶ֮ǿ÷ȻЩȻ֮ɫ޷ûж⣬ֻǰйۿ仯ˣ֪ʲô֣ϾϷ޷۲̫Եġ
ĬƬ̣俪ڵӱߵʱЩŭ⣬ֱӱ¶ƴ£ǱļϸװͿװû˼ƣǿɾֵûˡ
еҲ̫Ϥ˵ǼˣȷİӦǶ֮ˣҲ
ֻҪǱˣҾͷˣϾܰлᣬԿôӣ÷˵꣬΢΢˵ͷ

Ҷ뿪󣬻ͷ˿漴һ÷СģȻлڿ̽ңǽ׾ŽһأºѷִˣҲգĿǰҲûʲô⣡
˵껰Ҷ䲢ûмŻصɾӣŸȥʣһЩʬ壬ȫһգֹ˼ҩϡ
ڸգҶ˰µʱ䣬Żص˳Ÿɾӿջǣ÷ܰڿջҶɡ
÷ӣôûڼУܵˣû뵽㾹ȻǳŮڣҶЩɻĿ˿÷ܰ
Ůôˣˣ÷ܰһ˿ȣ¶һĨЦ⡣
£ٺ٣ȷˣǳЩҵϸɱԻĺáҶɲÿɷʼ硣
а㺦µӣˣм飡÷ܰɫһ
ˣҶĳչһʱ䣬ʵڲȥðգ÷㿴Ҳ˳ۣҾ뿪ǱǣҶЩ˵ǰɵô£ƲԶ˽̸Ҷɿ֪ϴܽӳ˳ǣֱ̫á
ŵģֲȥѧ÷ҵľѧǲǸðҰܼ飿÷ܰ
ܼ÷ӱ˵˵ôܼ֮Ҷɿɲţʲô򵥵Լ
һ˵ػҪ棬һʱҲҵ˵Ȼ֮ˣֻһЩˡ
ֲȻ幦ǲǸЩ÷ܰɫһ˵
ֻǰƱҶЩɻ˵ˣǲܴӦֻǺķһʱˡ
Ϊܸô򵥣÷ܰЦЦ
ҿʦ֪ʲôΪҶɺȻһ䡣
ôʣߣǶʦЩΪǴﵽ˾Ž۷壬ֻһﵽء÷ܰ΢Ц˵
ҶɳƬ̣漴һ÷ӣйҶĳӦõı꣬ڰҶĳæǲӦһֽף
ʲô㣬̰ᣡ÷ܰ߷ߵ˵
ٺ٣ҶĳûʱȥЩ£ɣҲĳҲмҪ¼һӦңλҰѱҲһҵǿԿǰ㡣ҶɺȻ뵽˳


680 ǺŽ
ҶףԼҲֵܵסͬףҪֵ߽ףȻҪʵߵ˱Ͼ͵ʿԼָ߳Լͬʵı
÷ܰü΢壬˼Ƭ̣ڵ̰ļһ˵˵Ҫʲô̫鷳ĶһҪЩôУԱ
Ǻǣ鷳һѣʱҶЦЦһŽʵʦЧЩĻڼ󷨽ƸԵֵһŽʿĹ
𼶾Žٰʵ֮ˣҪǿҲЩѶȣΪϹı壬һϹʵҲؽ˱ʵ
߰ɣǹȥҪоһ÷ܰЩԸһҶ뿪˾ң˳ĳֵȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĳİڣ
һŻ۵꣬һ֮ϣɫ˫Ŀ棬һöŷ漴Ƿ˳ǵ
ĬƬ̺΢΢һ¶һζЦݣٺ٣÷Ϲ꣬ұΣڸи˶ˣ

ǺǣҶСѵϷѾоȻһ㣬ֲַڣвһЩ֮ʵϷƽ
澹Ȼӡ飬ֻļʵ̫ˣҶСԸ⣬ϷһֻʵĻͷл꣬ԭ飬ɴʵһڣһų
һߣҶɡ÷ܰһԡ
лǰ⣬Ͳˣֻһ³ܱɡҶһ˵飬Ϲ޴ˡ
ŶȻҶСѣ뻻Ϸ²ǿҲֻһ԰ˣ׼ЩĲϣȴЩͨˡ
ϷЩϣԽļȻҲֻϷĿǰֶޣһʵ֮ҪǿҲЩѡ
ȻЩϵȷãҶСԼģѾͷʶϷ԰͵ļ۸㡣˵֮Ǻң֮
Ҷɿ˿÷ܰЩԸķ˵ķۣ壬СӼҪķãϰɣģҸ
ŶȻЩ֮ɫ漴΢΢һЦǺǣãϷҲԣȻǶ˵ıЧҵۺ룬ЩζĿ˿Ҷ÷ܰ
÷ӣҶĳǷһ飬ԺЩһỹġȻû˵֣ҶҲ֪ĿǰԼң϶֧ġ
ߣסĻ÷ܰûҶɣת׵壬ȰҼɡ
ǺǣѾͷļðɣȥң˵껰ǴҶ÷ܰ뿪˴

ɽ磬
һƬ֮أһ˵ʿٵķɶţŽʿ׷ᣬлһŽʿ
˾һ֮ʱȻˮ㵴ţһ˷𣬽ʿУû˶
Ҳ֪˶ãһźɫڶԼ俴һУӼ⣬ɫͬ˰԰ޱȣѪɫ
򲨶ĪǡϹű˱仯߿Ÿ߿գؼı仯˼˵һ䡣
΢ĬƬ̣ܺһǻһСĺɫţĳɶܶȥ䴫һֹɭɭĸо

һ򶫺ǡ
ڣ÷˵ʲôһȻ˽ƺЩŵӡ
ʲô˻ţ÷üͷһ˵
½ӵϡˣӣԼ˳ǵıʿŶǽɫ˵
Ŷ𣿺ãȥɣû˿֮ɫ˻֣˳ȥ
ٺ٣һΣϱ򶨾ֵһսڣͣһս󣬽ñ򳹵׳÷Ǳ׼һ׵ɣЦ
ԣ÷΢΢һЦڵѣ˷׼ֻܣֱΪˮסֲͬԡ
ɫΪˮԣʱǻѸ֮Կܣǿܻ٣ֿܣҲ׼˲ͬԵĿܶԸǡ
֪֪ˣսʤܹ֪ǿܵԣǶȻԸƣʱ򲻵ԻٶԷ߿ܣʣܣɱ֮һʿ
ʱʿڳȥȻԽǲһټ𣬲÷ܹȷǼֿܵɫԣ
һɫܲˮԿܣԿܹӦԷֱ֪ԷĵϸͬԶս֮£Էֳʤɫһ˵
İɣǸǷӳĻᣬȻ𣬲ǵĿܸһ֣ϷԷֱǺԡ
ʱָӦԿܣȻһʤǷӦĻ᣿Сؼǽǵ֮ȻвСѹ÷˵
²õġЦӴϲѰźʣ֮ˣΪǻƴ
ǱϾǶ෽ˣʱһƲȻǱɢֻҪ˳ǣԼ˻ɢʱռ챱һͳɽ硣һ
ˣϷ֪ͨӴϣûǵİ޷Ըġ÷˵꣬ȡһöŷӴϴŹȥ


ĳڣЦеĴ㶴ͷû뵽˱ĸ֮ǳ˳
ϹŴʦĽ֮ǾŽصʿҲƿҲֵܵһʱƬ̣Ȼڶ˲ʲôá
˷лҶɵĻû˵ֻ꣬һ֮ǳأԵңҲ
ãǺŽǣѵ򹥳ˣ÷ܰ䣬ұɫ΢䡣


681 ϱ֮սһ
ɽ磬򶫺ǣ
ˣ
ǺŽ𣬳ʿ׷ɫһ䣬еãȻĴЩǶݹһųųȥȴֳѹرա
һЩ̼æʰԵĻ׷׹ر̣פſڣֱȥ˳ϣõһЩõϢ
ǺŽ𣬶ǱؽϴεĴңʤ򻹺ãǿסҲУһʧܣûܹ⡣
ϣɣ
ߣȻΪǱʿͽҵӲһ˷׷׵˵漴뼸ʿǰ˳
׳գȥҲڻңԶһЦʿ뷨еͦеӲеѰһᣬӳǡ
˶ĳǳأ޴ĽƹţһӶ׻վڳǽ֮ϣֱֳһɱ֮ɫ
⣬ѱȺΧסֱǱԼ˳ǳص϶һЩ
齨ıˣϷ˳ΪʵǱ֧֣ϾĴѲڡ
Щ壬СɽŻϱ֮ϾûнѾⳡսһЩѱⳡпսϴ䣬˲òˡ
ǹ̬ȣԶԶ뿪ϼɽҲϱǿľ棬Ҳֻǵ֮⡣
ȻһЩСȫϱκһ¶гɹϣûԸô½ϱ֮ս
˳һѽɫ֮ϣŶţңңĹųȺ߸żǿʿһгЦݡ
ǰԶڷżֻСɫսϲʱظֳһööɫģսĽǷֱżۣǶظ߽
мֻ͵սâĿʮɴСһɻԵĲάսʿͲʮˡ
˵ָ߼սûһιҪһֲĿ񣬵Ҳʵǿ൱ɽʿһ
ÿһֻսżοػĿȥǹӡ
սǰմ߿ܣԲͬɫֳ飬ÿһ鶼ǧҵĿܣȥ˫Ŀͣȫޣûг׼߶֮ǰҲ֪Ǻԡ
ڿܣʿʵ͵ΪΪҲڣŽʿֻռһٲ֡
ȻΪľŽʿԶԶȺ֮󣬿ӵһֽ֡
ڶ߽׵·ĵ棬ɼɴ죬һͨʿֳ̣ƺֲʲôϻ󷨣ǿĿֲ֪ܲС
˶Ķǣ涼սͨܣ󷨵ȸֲðΧţÿһξ룬мŽڸ߽쵼ˣ˿ңӳǣҲӳ˵İΧȦ
Ǹ߿մһɱ֮ǣԼܱ˵ʿЩƺЩӰЩȻı飬ЩɫҲЩʲô
ֻĳǰûһ˸˵ˣﶼףδս֮󣬽ϱ
һչҪ𣬵ʹʤһҲ˭Ҳұ֤ⳡսͬÿҲһЩԵ̡
ⳡпսӰûйӰ˵־ΪÿһԣƺԼ׼˳˼

ڣǰ˿ΪһЩ֮󣬲ŽЩ˲ɢȥǿ˳Ⱥսܣϻ󷨵ȲãʧȥӳǳصģֻڳУܱסʵڲУֶܿԵС
˿̵Ҷɣͳ˳ſڸüͷ壬ۿųȥǣɵ¶֮ɫ÷ܰҲҶɵԡ
ôȥƫţߣ÷ܰü΢Ŀų⣬ͷҲ˵
Ҷɿ˿÷ܰıӰ૵Դ㣬ҾΣգ֪Ͳȥʲôˣֱ뿪ǲϲߡ
ߣ˭֪ǻ˵ˣ㲻Ҳ̰ͼ𣬷ĵİң÷ܰͷһҶɣ˷ۡ
÷ӣ˵ʵǶǵû׼ҿ˲٣Գ˷˳ǵǲͿǵǰɣҶЩɻʵҪˣҲôˣֱͶˡ
֪ںǷյҴ˽֮꣬ǰظ㲻ͬ⣬Ҫſ÷ܰû˵
ûҶЩ˵
㣡÷ܰ߷ߵĵ㻹Ҹʲôû㣡

ڣӴԷֱһ۵÷Լ䣬·ʮӰ
÷˿ˣڵλҶ˵ˣ˷һǸԷĻ¾ҪɳԲ̲
İ÷ϼ嶨Ȼȫһ
÷ӵϢȳͨ£ǰѾ˶ˣ͵Ǳˣٺ١һ׷˵
ϷԴвҲǰ˳ס£͵ŴսʼڳλҲ˼һŻɫ۵˵
ȻҵǰֶԸֻҪ˴һ죬;ԲǱóѡһ۴˵
ȿȣһ߸ɿһڵ÷˵ĸҲȺˣһֱ˵ֶΡ
Ѿǰѵ㻹ҪܺҲ˵˵׼ʲôֶΣôҰİɣ
ҲǴ⣡
÷˿ˣ΢΢һЦҲصģʵԸǣ˷ϣװϣԼս׼Ϸ˽һ
֪֪˰սʤǵװֶΣԼܵӦԣϷѲúֶΣҳֵġ
ΨһҪҳĵطǶԸǵԱϱʵƾУϷǵĲƳҵȼ㲻ʤ벻ܻܡ
˷Ϸ׼ֶΣƳǵĲֶΣԳ֮һԱǿ֮£Һγʤٺ١
Ŷ÷ǵĲֶζ˽һһԿһģһ߹Ц
أ
ڶϿմɫһ÷ڵѾͲסʼˣٺ٣˳֣ǻӴ߰ɣȥſڿ


682 ϱ֮ս
ϿգһĿϼѶʿһʩչ﹦ص˽ƹ֮ϣȴԺƷֺ
ǰսװ֮󣬱ɫϼһĿĹصĺƹ֮ϡ
ս׼ܴͬսֶʿϻ׼ãһ򣡡һǳظ
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һ촫ߴս֮ϣһĿĹصĺ͹˽ƹ֮ϣ΢΢һ
·һӶʿ˺ϻ󷨣ֳ̣ʮ֯һϿ۳һž޴İɫ򣬺˴֮ϡ
߿գȻûдѹһٰԴϢһܻʤһСĴ
ڣ÷ʮԶ˰գ˿ԶǺǣδϷǰȥǣ㵹Ȳˡ
⣬һ÷Ҳϻذɣ㻹кλ˵䣬һͿء
һͿأٺ٣Ͳ֪˭һͿأ÷Žƹ֣˵ǰЩľƣƺ⡣
㵹ʮ㣬Ͳ֪ʲôġЦе˵漴һȣ߼սǣܱս
䣬ֻһܼʮɴСս˸ĿϼʮʿɢһɹɿֲĲ
ۣ
ĵɫĹϼڸ߼սһڽƹ֮ϣһζɫһ䡣
Žƹ΢΢һȻ񣬲Ĺûκͣ٣ƺƴһ㣬սɽƣһݿܸǷǿƣŽƹֺ
·һЩʿ׼˺ϻ󷨣ɫ̳գƹ֣һˮ˽ƹϡ
÷ȥǰ취һƣҵܵ׼ĺ֣ǳԵͷһ߿˿÷˵
ٺ٣Ҳãս÷һ£һӶеźָȥ
ۡ
ʱǰȻֳټս׼ʿ׼׵ӳһ£ڷ˷
һǳسǽ֮ϣɫɫսЩǸ߳߼սһĲĳ֮ɫһ䡣
ʲôս˿ֲҪĶ񣿡
ʲôֻҪսʤٶҲԲ
¾ܣسɹʲôҲò
ôܣ÷׼ãѵΪڿЦһȺд˳
ҶɻԶȺ֮УԶ˵̸÷ܰһԲü΢ĿԶҲ֪ʲô
÷ӣо˷سǿаգҶЩɻʵ
գ㽫˵Ʒ˳ǣҲŲɣ𣿡÷ܰδҶһۣ˵
أ
󣬳սǱսĹٵʣٲ־սҲڶ֮лٵ٣һսûлٵϲսԱȴǱɱ˴󲿷֣ⲻó⹥֮ɫң׷׸об
ұȻǳ˼ϸȻչ÷λսԼǲ֪Է˽һȥսؽȫٵһʿ˿սɫһ˵
÷Ϲû뵽㻹ֶΣȻ̽ұս󷨲ֶΣߣȻˣϷֻܽˣ׼ÿܣ
䣬ǳظ߿عϼһƺһ㣬׷Ŷǽƹֺȥ
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ƹһζټʿǿ͹öǽƹֹϼȥʱһձҪȵ
ߣҲ黫Ȼпܣһҵȿսռƣ֪ԷĿԣһ֮£ԿԻٵԷ󲿷ֿܣؽֵԿܣһǿʵġ
ʲôʵ൱ҵʿʵ൱ǻռƣ
÷һ֪ԣٺ٣Ҿ֮ϣܳս
䣬ǽӳһ֣৵һ߿ܺȻ󣬰ɫΪӣֱű߿ܷжȥ
ţɫܸû˿̽ȭŵ˼ֱʩչ˸Եıܣһӻɫܣ³ɫŽɫܺȥ
أ
ܸʩչܣǿ˫Ϊʤ÷ʼһţȻֶԷĽɫˮԿܣȻʩչܣɵɫһ䡣
ԭΧԷļǧֻԿܣȻԷƣ̼ͱԷٵ룬ʣµĿҲǲȱȫ⼸ӿܽˣû뵽ԷԾȻת䡣
ٺ٣÷ϹΪҷɵʲôطȥ磿䣬÷ɫһ䣬Ҷüͷһ壬÷ܰһۡ


683 ϱ֮ս
÷߿ܣֳܣԶ˿ȥͬ÷֪Էĵϸÿһ㡣
ϾɵĻҲɺϣܶԷƣ÷ָӣǳݣ±˶Ϊ÷ǶԷļϸԼĿͶ
˺Ȼ¶ȣţЩ񣬲ʿ䣬ʣЩܷӦҲߡ
ԷĿܻһרѰҶԷƵĿܽйп˴֮⣬ȴǻٵ˶ԷһЩܡ
սֺԣһ÷ռһЩˣٵԷ󲿷սڶֽ÷Ŀȫû򣬻ʣ¹Ŀܡ
ս໥𻵣û⣬һԱϵĽս̫ͲܲˣʣĿܣӻٵ򽫽֮һԱս
һû˹ܣһ˾Բͬҿǿηһģ˶ƴ˭ҲԸȥһ߿ܶ֡
÷ɫԭļƲߣϷЩ棬սԼȶڷɵڣȻ㽫ֽţΪս÷λûиĶϷٵ룿
մˣϼһǵõ鱨𣿻ٵһЩսνϾֻǹЩôһ̫ƴɱ֮ʱսûʲôˣ纷ηĿô
ԣϷԸٵ󲿷սҲҪסԼĿܣһ򽫻дʿڿ֮¡Զȴǹ
㻹ǰգ÷üͷһ˵
˴˱˴ˣ˵һ仰ǰ˰֣֮˽ӵٴι˽ƹ֡
һܼս³ɫĹһʿʩչı﹦ϼԼηĿܣȫ˽ƹ֮ϡ
ǳܣһӶӽɴͨڲóϻ󷨣ҲǼǿᣬûܵ棬һŽƹҺ
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÷ڿɻʲô֣һһ䡣
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⵹ǣȻˣҲ÷𷴹ˣܲڳпġ
ҲãֻҪǲƣûʲôΣգ
÷˿ˣͷãѣ㰲Ǽ忪ʼְɣλ˵ѣԴԼҵȵİţʼ
䣬÷ʮ˼ߣҲ֪ȥ˺δ䲢ûߣһ鴫ŷ֮Զǧʿɶݶ
ǧ֮УһŽ۷ʿ乧ĺһ
俴˿ˣڵλѾֱȥפسǳŻܼǿ˲ٷңػţȥɣ
ǣ仰䣬ǧʿǰжȥ漴˳ǽϿգƹ֮ڣʿ
̷˲Сת䣬ǧʿڽڣȫܵʩչı﹦ҵĿԼʿϡ
ء
ϼ𣬱˷ڳһʿ򹥻ĽڽںˣϾûзƣֻܱİ
ͬһĻǳţλԼˣֱ˳ǳܣ˹ĽڽڰˣҲûгȥ׷ʲôΪһ뿪˽ƣƽᵴȻ޴档
ĻҶ΢΢˵ͷл˿÷׼ȷֵģЩ֮ϷǳĬƺ˶ٴһ㡣
ٺ٣ܶôǶǽƲƣͲ£ǰһ
ǣٺ٣û뵽÷׼˳֣˵ԭ͵ˣұ˷Ȼʤûʲôϣסǣûʲôġ
÷ܰ˿ҶɣڵôҾ˵һа취ġ
ҶƳһ÷ܰûп˵ЩʲôԼ羭ĳŶսȻû׳ۣȶս˲Ϣ䣬ȻĿǰǻ㰲ȫҶɿûΪǾ԰ȫ
üͷ΢ĿȺɵŭһ¶һĨЦߣϷصĻᶼûУûһ׼ΪϷðʧ㶫ǣ
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ֻȺ֮УȻһһһĨһʮ߰ɴСĽɫս˰գص䵽˵档
صһ̳Ľ
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ʮϼĬԸս˸߽սâԽԽʢҴһɹɻԵѹȺæɢ
ͬһĻڶܸţƺ׼ã˸߼սһ㣬ֻһĻڶʿУȴ¶֮ɫ
սôࣿĻѶٴۣ˵սֻܷһܲסѹ𻵡
Ȼս𻵣˵һ֮൱ȫһҲǼֲ
һƣͳһɽ磬ЩģҲֵˣһüͷ˵
أ
ʱǰļսΪֻ漸ʿȫ뿪ս漴ԶԶطɵ߿գһ֮սųâ
ۣۡ
ĵϸĹϴһɻԵĲܹո뿪ս֮ʱսͬʱϼһȥڼ֮ļսǻһ
صĺ˽ƹ֮ϣܣǱܹͣ˾۹֮Уǵнƹֻ֣ҵɢЩȻ¶ɫһܼս֮ʱƺԤϵһĻ
÷Ϲϱ֮ս˷սᣬߣϾҪˣʿһ򣬺ôҵϷ֣һߺȣԶŹȥ
ǽʧܱͰͲס׷׳Ųͬķ򣬳˶ǣǽϵ׻ֻǵֵƬ̣ǰ
ۿŰΧȦԽԽСǽѾĶǱˣԼ˵˺棬˵Ĺڲϵĺˡ
ǰΪףһ·ңǰǧߺηĿܿ·һһ㣬ʲôʵ֮˽ӽǱûٵļ߿ֱܼԺԲơ
˿̵ıѾȫĳ˶ǣǰ˿Զһ÷Ц÷ϹһΣҾԲŹ㣬ߣ


684 ϱ֮սģ
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ϷҲǴ⣬һֻ˰ΧԽԽһ˵
÷ȴǲΪڶʿߣɫȻһȣλ֮һ򾡣
䣬ͬһ㣬ȫ붫ǣųʿչҵĹ
ԭڳſڿֵˣɫ䣬ź˲ѣҶҲǻȺ֮УźߣսԼ޷룬ôĶ֪
Ҷһֱڹ۲÷ĶֻҪƴһгΧĻᣬʱֻҪȺ֮У˵Ҫӳȥϣ
нǴžɫΣͷ÷һȡ
׻һֻǳǽȻĿϼ³һŪıʿҲ
ã׻𣬴ҿӣ
ϵˣԭǽġ
أ
һЩͨʿҲȫ߶⣬ǿĵֿܵһ
ʿҲǱŽʿȻʱʱһãҲвСģеųƴȥеųȥ
أ
ʿһţһŽʿҳȺ׼ӳ֮ʱȻֳǽһĻȻǳס
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ЩʵһЩɣ˻ײ֮£ѰɢǱ¶һڣ̼ǻΪһŻҽ
ܣǻΪһƬ𺣣һӰ¶壬ȴûһܹѡ
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˴ӿʼ𾪣תΪϲ󶫺һƬ֮Ŀű˱ڡ
÷Ϲ㾹ȻգԼŮŲһڣƺʲôӰ죬ֻһҲ⳷һЩˣɾûǰˣȻݲȵģЩηĿܡ
ߣҪҸŮ飡÷һЦϷܰѾͷֻǵ˵ϸںϷ򷴸ĥ̫ǱǷɵ
֮ǰ˵Ƿɵʲôط׽ģܹҳɹҲףܵõǰԼϸڡ
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ȻûɱһˣʧսһʧܣϵǿͶ
ҶԶˣһԼðΣȡ߿ܣû뵽ϼһڡ
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λһ֮£Ҳʧ֮һʿڴϿҲ൱
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ͷΪʤҶȴǿļͷۣóִģսҪĲСǴֹۣıԣԼĻ˫쵼ܲ
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״÷ǲ÷Ըһ͹ΪףΪԼǧ߿֮£һʱƬ˵Ҳ岻ȥ
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÷ܰ˵ƿԣȷԼĿǰȥȷ޲Ҷһۣһ֮ɫĿ丸÷
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˷ӦֻһӣһƬɫϯˣһṦ򣬺ɫ΢΢һ𣬱ϯźʧ˴˵أֻʬ塣

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Ҷɿ˿Ⱥʵ͵ģǽ۷Ĵڣɳ֮ˣ¶˶֮߱ڡ
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ҶһԼزʶ˰÷ܰԭԼͷǵȫ֮
ԷĻҲ⣬Ȼ˵ȻǽҶ÷ܰһ𣬲Լչ÷ܰҶЩϾԼҲһʵѣԱ֮Ҷɶұ֤
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Ҷɿûü峡ƣһǿĹԶҲĿŽɫǹֵȥ
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ʱһ泤صײ˺ɫ޴֮ϣֵҶԵ÷ܰ
˺ҲЩǿֵ̻ߡûʲôΣգ÷ܰɫһ˿ԶһߣãŽʵ


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ȻһŽʵĻ귢һʱֻ֮󣬱ǶݹһԶ˳ȥ
״丽ʮʿ׷ȥԶ˶սıʿмڳڰ··סʮ֮£̼нɱָԼǱһЩʿߡ
ಣҶһһУȻԱһܲ׵ı߼ıʿˣ漴ݹһ𣬱Զȥ
ʿһ׷ֻǳѪοʼɢʮʿϵ֮ʱߵǳԶߡ
״һʿ¶֮ɫ׷ʩչȡһööǰٵ˲٣Զߵĳ׷˹ȥ
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һҶɵĽɫǹЩֵסԶ÷ܰոջһʿ漴ǿ޽ʿһնȥ
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Ҷɿһȣһ׹ɱȻû˿֮ɫţҶɱǳ÷ܰһ÷ӣǿߣ
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ʱ÷ոջǳ˿΢еĿ˿Ҷɣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ¶һ˿Ц⡣
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ʱ÷Ȼת÷ܰȥֻһģ֮£ǳ˱ǳҶɶ˵ԡ
ܰ뿪˵أҪ磬лߣֻǸȡһЩʱ䡣÷˵꣬ǿҲһۣСӣΪ˾ܰȻ۵Ա˶׹ɱ
䣬÷һ˦ವһһɫϼһĺȻڰջΪһöɫųϼҶ÷ܰϡ
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صһ졣
ѪɫǲСǾ޴ĻһӴֻѪâһʢ֮£ǽǿܲСĻ飬Ϊ⡣
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صһ죬ɫƥصײǰ͸ذ֮ϣ߽Ƭ̣͸ذ׹ϼջƵ˺ɫƥȻδܴ˭Ҳұ֤׹ɱֵܷס
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÷ܰ׼ùɱƴһѵʱֻɫ԰׵Ҷ磬漴кڽգ͸ذһն
ղǻ㷢ģû뵽ܡ÷ܰû˵ֻ꣬žһ죬ɫ΢΢һǵɶȴûб٣˿˶ûµӣͱҶٻץС
͸ذҲǱײ󷭷ƺ˿ذͣס˫ĿضҶеĺɫҲȥԭɱ÷ܰ
÷ƺҲЩŵĶǰѺڽеļɱû˼ֻɻƳһλֻˣЩɲĶҶкڽ
⣬ѵǡħħħ۵ڤɻ꽣ôܣƺȡԼıֱ㶵ĿǰѺڽЩ鼤˵Ҷɶ˸Ŀռ䲨ȻЩңʧ˴Ƭռ䣬˲ѿ˷Ͳ˳
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ƺջع񼤶Ҫ׷÷ǺȻЦͱȥκˣٺ٣˵гһգͻħ֮ϡԱϣ÷һסȥ·
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ʵڼõˣǳû˴˵أЩʵͨѵʿһ˻ս֮С
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ϣȻԶ߶սţЩͽ׵ĶսҲʲʲôλҲǶսһʣµʿƴɱеΪеΪҲΪ˻ˮ㣬ȴǼпᣡ

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˷սԱʤգЩ˳ȥԺԱҲԹвҲˣɽҲֻбһҶκ֮⡣
ȻĿǰ򻹴ﲻֻĵزϾǶ෽СԼɵݣǹϷֺô˾һЩڲ硣
ԭһЩ֪ħֹˣܣǲ֪εİ˳գҲ֪˴£Ҹ߶
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˴ƫƧϼɽԼɽһƬҶһ˷÷ܰԶ˹
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ԣԶҶɻع紵ҶͷƮͷҲص˵㸸ĻӦˣеǰѺڽƺһЩ¶ˡ
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ҶȻ÷ܰĺ⣬תڵлл÷ӣҶĳ԰ȣҵȲʹ˷ֵ㡣
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÷ܰƬ̣ڵǴʱ˲͵һȫĵطʯɽȻΧ޷ȥ˶ĵطʹô
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ȥػɽɣԪȽϡƽʱ˻ȥģҲȽѰҡ÷ܰ˼
áҶ˵꣬˶ݹһ𣬱뿪˴˵أŵػɽɶݶȥ

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ˣϼɽұˣȻûзǵӰĳ侲ڣһ˵
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Ĭã˫ĿһУڵħߣ벻ϷԵһħɣһҪҵ
ͬһʱ䣬񷸮ɫ΢ħѲɴ˵õħ۵²½ʿ֮ʱ׽Ϸ˵Եõʥħ֮˵꣬оâһ

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˿̵÷ܰһΪȴǴﵽ˾ŽʵȥûõӣҲûȹ̾磬Щ֮ɫĿԶ
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һ׽£еﵽϸеˮͰϸƬΪһƬ
ҵ׽٣һ˶Եֿ÷ܰЩɻܸоҶɵ׽Щ죬ͳ̶ȣֱӽԼ׽١
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УһСι֮Уͥɢһ㣬ܵĿֲףÿһ֮ɫαһ֣Ҷɼ顣
һЩ͵֮ĿǰɫʵȻû취ɣֻӲģ
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һϸףɫײһǿСĽɫȻ˿·磬ȵصֵסǵ
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Щɵ֮·Ҷɺȥɫ΢΢һϯâһ֮ɢ
ܴﵽҶߵ֮٣ҶżҲֵֿһЩȥȻɣҶҲһƣĿܡ
৵һ
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Ҷһߣзһ䣬ɹϼһֱ֮ʩչ˼ֿǵ
âһҶֱӻߴħ׹˸˫һ֮£Űռһǵ֮˹ȥ


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÷ܰҶ˵棬ЩǱܵһƬǽ壬ȥûʲôƣֱԼɽٻҪݡ
Сǹ̥ôǿ׽٣Ȼһƶû£÷ܰƬ̣ҲûȥҶɣڵϥȹԼľ硣
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Уϣɽҵһۻ̳һҶȻʵֻɽôң֪оۻ̳˵꣬ڵ
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Ҷɿ˿Զһ̫ʵ꣬΢΢һЦ漴۵һɢΪһƬâûҶɵĶͷ֮ڡ
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ȻˣȻӰҶ飬޷ֻأԵЧҶ˫Ŀһգǿʼ

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ԣҶ˫ĿһУԼȻûеҲ˵ƲϲǱȹɱ̫࣬ȴǱע˵֮
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߻䣬漴̧һ㣬ɫǹųϼϯֲѹҶһնȥ
״÷ܰɫһ䣬Ǳƴ壬ûŶҲòҶɵԯԼҲûҲԼ£Ҫֵ˻ԼҶɣûŶҲû˿ġ
÷ܰûжӣһߣ˿׻ɫԲһɣ漴Ҷԣʩչ׼Ҷһ֮
ߵԲﱻɣҲ˿ûںͲǼˣҲ֪Ƿ㣬ǾûбҪ
ҶɣҶ㣬лᣬ㻹ǸϿӰɣһܹ֮ܵģ÷ܰһߴ߶ͷҲص˵
ҶҲû𻰣ĿɫǹŶնϺޱ飬ҲʩҲûмһ
ǣֿͨҲη㻹ǹԹɣŮϷһʱȥ̣Ҳͽˡ̾Ϣһ漴˿Ҷɣƺڼ³ߵϣȴû˿ϲ֮ɫ
Ҷɣڸʲôû뵽㲻һ޷ֵҲҪԣ˵Ļ֮ǰԼˡ
ˣӰɣţҶ𣬴ҲûʲôϾأ÷ܰһɸֵ˵漴תֿ˿Ҷɣһ㲻Ҫ÷ܰĲһ漴Ļҡͷ̾Ϣһ
˿̵Ҷѳ֮Ȼûʲôɫǹͷ֮ԶԽԽϴǹȵѹԼһɹɾ磬Ҷ졣
ĿɫǹޱϲҲ֮⣬ҲûܵӣƺûзΣյ٣ԶԶȥɵһ㡣
صһ죬һɫǹ֮ϣ漴һǺȻһѶ÷ܰһףһƺߣһĵĵ˺üǳһ˿ѪɫǹƺûܵӰ죬ֻ΢΢˶٣Ҷɺȥ


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ɫǹӽҶһɶԶʱ÷ܰվЩվסҶȴǶˣֻһ죬ɫǹ˻֣ûʩչʲôֵͨ
ںЩȻ֮ʣȻ˫ĿһУ÷ܰ޷ͨ⣬Ѱͬ׿ɱȡ
ҲֻܹǿһѼĹ˿Ҷָ⼤ڰտ£ҵžһ㣬ڶκܡ
˿ܿĹճһͼһźˮҶĹ˿ԽԽ࣬ǹ˿֮ӣȻΪ󺣣ֹ
ɫǹһͷ˹˿֮УϬţ뺣޶ûо㲨ʼԳǹ˿֮ƺסһ㣬˲á
÷ܰ·֮ɫ俴ҶֻǴкİ˰֣ɫǹֻ΢΢һ٣ȻԹԵͣͷԶĵط
ԭֲʧҶͷһ÷֮ܰʣߺȻ¶֮ɫ
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ȥֱʩչ̵Ļطһ㣬һʩӰʱ⵹÷ܰǰҲ֪˶ãɫǹΪԪ⣬ع鵽֮䡣
÷ܰĿҶɣֲܵɫǹ˰־ɢ˰գģ
Ҷɿȥûкķʲô׾ٵľ˴£һϢǿ쳣ɫҲǵȻĿŰգһͬף߸߳һףҲ޷¡
⣬ʲô񾪿֣û˵꣬ɫǹʧ֮ʣһ˿Ҳʧʱ
۵һ
ҶɵһΣſһѪݹһɢŵ׹ȥ˫һһѺɫ˽£˰֮С
˿̵ҶɣȥǱ֮һϢ󽵣ǹ˿˿Ѫɫ԰ѪϺޱ飬˫Ŀ΢еĿźߡ
ҶȴǾϲ֮ǰʩչĹֻػû뵽˿ֲֻǻǺҶܾԼ޷ȫУӰ˴ͨЧ
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¶˼֮ɫԭʩչҵȸպ෴ʩչϾģǽ˵ĹͨΪ֮Żġ
ϷµòڵĴСҲǸʩչͨǿ̶ȰɣȻˣŽٶʵֵܹϷΪȫһֱ˼飬㣬ûܹΪҲ
Ҷɲ˲ǵѪ̷ŵҩϻָ˼Ѫɫ΢ЦȻҶĳЩƣҪɱҶˣҲ
ǰʩչǵȴͨӦҲĲСɣ֪֮ǰǵͨ¿ɻܷһҶ˵꣬˿ɫ԰׵ĺߡ
ߣһߣȴҲûлشҶɣǿ˿÷ܰ漴һҶɣɵüͷһ壬ԽҶЩ졣
ԭΪҶ׶ԸֱԻɱʱΪǵһټ϶նɱԼͽܣ׼ɱҶɣȻ÷ܰ佻̣ҲǾŮӣ౨
۵ҶɾȻѲֶβߴδͨһһֲܿȻԼ£Լһ˿в
֪Ҷɵʵ߲ò࿴һҲ˴룬ͷҲ֪ˣ˵ʲôҲçײ˶֡
ɨ֮Ƴ˰е飬ɵ˫ĿһУƬ̺΢΢һ¶һŹֵЦݡ
״÷ܰ䱸֮Ĵ𣬼æ̧һУԶ޽صͷѣһ̽ʱ汻ʩչҶ˫Ŀ΢еĿߣϲûʲôֻվںڽ֮һ
ٺ٣λҪţϷȻ뵽һ׮Ҫλ˵껰߳Ҷ΢΢һЦ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ͷһμƴزһ仰Ǻݻǽ̸ͣⲻɵҶЩ
Ȼ˵ȫûҶɵı飬ЦλѣϷʯ죬ʢţ֮ǰɱˣеӡ
Ϸϣ֮ǰǶЩϣλ⣬ϾԼĵӱɱ˭ʦҲܲܲʡ߻û˵꣬÷ܰǽϡ
ǰλҵǿ⣬˾ƴ֪ҪҵأҪץߣҲʲôöߣ÷ܰ
λӣϷ꣬ʵ̱̫һЩһʵ֮¡
аϹ֣һͨΪѪ񹦣רҪɲŮԪһЩţԼһЩСɢ޵ȣֻҪŮΪﵽһ̶ȣᱻץߣа
һŮӽ׾Žپ·֣ϱ׼ǰʱҪˣ֪ʱٳδСʦ÷ԸСʦǰȥ׼·ϣһսҲ
û뵽ˣΪŮޣǵΪʦãаɴ̾Ϣһ
ԣ÷ܰüһ˿Թ֮ɫʵʦĲȥǽȴΪǣߣͽһͿԱϣ÷ܰȻоЩֵ
÷ܰԹԼ̫ݣתһҲȻɽ籾ˣҶ֮ǰ˵ԼҶɲĶ֣ˣԼ
֪аϹǾŽʵаֲһΪʿ֣ղ·磬ִļǱ
аϹУʵûͬ׿һҲ쳣ֶζаķ֮Ѫ顣
ϷѪҲ޷׵ֵаЩҵȹͨԼʵĳϣҲ׶֣̾Ϣһ
ԣҶһȻ÷ܰʼ׷ߣоһöʲôѪ飬ƺģҶ֮İ׵ؽѪɢ˿ܶû֣û뵽Ȼܡ
ŶҺӦǿµ˰ɣ˵껰Ҷɿ˿ͷѵĽɫֻǴ˿ѻΪ˳Сܾɫ׻˸ѣȥĿ
ֻҪܿаϷаնԸжλ˷ȻԽħͷɱҲΪǸɫһ˵
ٺ٣˼ҶĳʲôӢֶۣΪǿԿһ㶼Ƕ֣ҶĳɲȥʲôˮҶҡͷЦ
ҶѣϷӦ㣬аϹһһѡһ룬ѡ߳ɺôΣ߼æһ䡣
߳ɣ¶а޵ı﹦ɲȤĪ˵߳ɣʮɣҲӦʵҶĳɲȥǣ˵껰Ҷɽ


698 а֮ŭ
Ҷɿɲ˾ʲôֱӾܾʯĴһʣ޼ҶʩչһλֻأҶ޷
Ҷбһ뿪ӣʯ˿ֻ֤ҶҲûս֮ԼҲվ
ʯͬЩżһܹаϹˣʯҶ뿪ΪΪԼҲһҪҶɣֳа
Ҷ֪ʲô㾡ܿڣϷܹ쵽һȫԸʯ˵ŻҶǲΪԼͲʲôϣûҪȥðգ÷ܰԵı
Ҷѣ㲻Ϊ˺ôҲÿһ¸ˮȵʿȻΪβΪģ
аϹΣŮӣڸдޣ˾ۻ̳к飬һЩʵµɢץȥι꣬ǡʯĻû˵꣬Ҷɱüһ
оۻ̳Ҷһ䣬Сͼ̳νˣ̳Ӵ󣬵ǿԿߺϾʵںˡ
ԣʯһΪҶ˵ۻ̳к飬Ϊ˼ϾаˣûкôһҲֽеģֻһֱûʲô˳ְˡ
ʯ벻ҶɵĿǾۻ̳ΪôҶҲһа޹֮ˣϾ֮ǰʩչĹմߡ
оۻ̳һǰģʲôҲ޷֤ʱ̳ҲûȥܣϾҪĻҲûʲôá
˵Ƶ̳ûʲôôһǿĻ꣬´ƬҪռ죬аϹ֪ʲôطðռ˾ۻ̡̳
Ҿۻ̳䴴ԽԽ󣬸ʿ̳ĲұʿҪܾγ֮۽˸ȥаʯҡͷ˵
Ҷ˵ǰľۻ̳вɵ΢΢һºڽǺâһƺҲǼ
ŶȻ˲к飬ҵȵӦ취ֻаʵ֮ߣҵ׽ܣӦ취Ҷ૵˵
ʯԣ¶ϲɫ뵽ҶɲΪ֮ǰĺôΪ˴̾ۻ̳к飬ԸðԼ
ҶѣϷ֮ǰеϷһʱ嶯£ҵȥʢţúоһ´˷ƻϷھͬʯɫһϲ˵
ԣҶоһƬ̣Цǵأ˵ҶĳһλѣҪݷһºҶĳȥʢʯѡ
⣬Ҳãʯĳ͹ҶλӵĴݣҶѶȻһԾŶԶŵġʯЩĵһ仰
ǺǣģҶĳһǣ˵껰Ҷ÷ܰ죬Զɶݶߡ
߳Ĭã˫Ŀ΢еĿҶɶʧıӰϣԼɣףҶɾһȥԼҲûʲô취ԼǿҶɣʯûʲôģϾԼҲĲСҪúþһ

벻Ҷѻˣ·ϣ÷ܰɫĿ˿ҶɣڶҶɵĸо÷ܰɲ֮ǰǰˣܾҶɲ⣬Ҳû뵽ֵز
ٺ٣ҶĳˣҶһ
ʲôΪҪߣŶԭǺƭʯ죬ͲҲûҪһ٣ֱӾܾˣֵʵҲҶǿ÷ܰЩ˵
ҶҡҡͷڵȻҺʯ˵ĻѲ⣬һȥĵ̣֮˶Ҷ˷ѣ÷ӿߣ
⣬Ӧòôɣ÷ܰɫһ˵
Ҷ̾ϢһҲɣʵҪһ֮أԲǵԲǱ˵ţϾǸն֣֪᲻ʲô˼СΪ
û뵽СĽ÷ܰоҶе̫СˣҲ֮飬˸·ңһɽͣ
Ҷɼ򵥵Ĳ󷨣漴÷ܰ˵棬̷ŵҩ󣬿ʼϢƬҲ쳣

Ѿˣ׼ȥʢţһ½׾ŽپŮޣʱӦûûиϵʢţͱ˻ɱˡһ߻谵Ĵڣһվſڣϵĺ깧˵
ŶʢţʯϹҴ˵ʵԣҵѪ飬ǰûģҲӦòֻһˡϣ˫Ŀһе˵ʽ̵ĽаϹ
·üͷһ壬ɻ𣬰˵ʯԸӦû̷ģɣӦҲû˭ΪС
ϲӦ˸·ǡ·ϵˣȻ޷ж϶ԷһŮޣһ֮塣
֣֪ʲôʣ˶ԷУҲûˡ
Ŷеа΢΢˵ͷ漴ʵȻʢŮޣûȥˣҵ鲻ܵ顣
Դӵ֪䣬ȥ˶ʢ֮±˹ȥҪŮޣĻȥӦõˣºԽ˴شȥµˮ¶˼ݡ
úãԴڣǷ˺ܶģףôˣа˵ŻȻԴȡһöŷ²ɫЩѿ
֣ԴЩɻ˵ȥ˾Ȼ֮⣬ʯ쾹Ȼųݻ˵ǡǽǰȥƴҲý˴ߡԴüͷһ˵ȴȻһ⡣
ʲôߣаɷһһη֮ϣŭټнڣ̤ƽʢţʮ˵СطʮԣǱ֣Ҳʢų


699 а
ЩףԴȻüͷһ˵
Ŷ̤ƽһʢŻкβףаüͷЩɻʵ
ԴƬ̣ڵʯ˵С£ʣƽĸԣʮˣ㲻ô·
ԣа˫ĿһУ漴ٺ٣ԴĹҲûɷģмСϣڶ࣬˳ǡԱϣЫһĨЦĻȡ
ԴȴҡҡͷǳóȦףҲزˡ
Ǻ⣿аüͷһ塣
ƽǶΪȻʺСûϣǲòǰȥ
Դ˼Ǻ󣬻ǵɽ֮ƣ뿪ǽϳ١
ʱǾҲ޴̶ҵһҪǣӰ˽ԼԴ˼
˻а˿ԴǵȫȻĿŵĽа壬Ӧ׼Բ򵥣ٺ٣Դ̶㣬Σ
ԴɫһΪЧԴĸӦЩǵóѡ
áа΢Цĵ˵ͷ˫Ŀ΢Уʢţٺ٣ǲָʹҶð㳹׳Աϣаɷһ

ºҶɶһϢָ۷壬꼴뿪ƬɽŶʢŷȥ
󣬶Լ˶ʢ֮ʯЦԴҶɼµһ¶֮ɫ
ףʦΪζһΪصŮޣʦûã
˭֪˵ˣˣҪʦָҪɽ⣬˽š
ʢŴڣʯҶ÷ܰ·
Ҷѣ÷ӣǿˣǰϷ̵˴ߣҹǲ÷ܰĽܺʯ켱æڵ
ҶЦЦȻӦʯѣҶĳ᲻ģ̵ˣ
ԭϰ·˻ɱҶʢҪˣϷֱӸ򷢵ˣҷ»ǰʯ쿪ڵ
ԣҶüͷ壺֪һжٽڣ
ţʮ˰ɣƬڴˣеĶΪɢޣͬҲ˶ѡ
ϷʢǰҲǴţ٣ֻɽսаˣԶϱ֮ս㵽һЩûʧɢĵӣ˶ʢš
ȻֻʮˣڸһЩСҲʵ൱Ψڶ࣬ɢаͽʯͷ
Ͳȫ㶦ʢţһʲôƲߣھԵʵǰҲ޼µġҶü
⣡ʯаӦòڰɣҷųݻˣôˣǱЦ
Ϊаںô𣿡Ҷɷһ䡣
ᣡʯ찵һͿҲʺǾһᣬҲû̫࣬ȫпܳʢš
ڸǺãʯЩ֮ɫһȫ˵ҶڳСҲ޼¡
֪ʯѿ˰֣Ҷʵ
Ҳ˵ûпһʤ֣ǲֵģϾûʶҶѵʵʯʵ˵
ҶɳƬ̣ãʯѣЩμӴսˣȫȥ̸ţ˵ǵϱԡ
ʲôһϷɾûʲôˡʯЩ֮⣬Щڳ㲻Ҳһ壬һʤ㣬ǻԳһô죿
ٺ٣ģʯҪҶĳμӣͰ˵İˣĻҶĳɲҶ˵꣬Ȼ¶֣֮ɫ

̣ڣ
а֮ϣбһ޵ŮӣŮɫΣЩ٣ʱķһߣ
ʱ⴫һ
˵а͸ûһۣһ
Ǹɽ붴ɣ˲ˣΪ׵Ǻ֮ˣԼɣ˵֯ʲôϱԣǵ˵꣬аȻ˫ĿһУһƿ˻еŮӣһ
Դа˼˵
һṦŮߣԴγ˴֮ڣڵ֪кηԸ
аһͷԴ˵ûǿǴȫϳ
ٺ٣֮ǰ̫Сģûģǵ˶ˣҲòţ֪ˣͲ˷ʱˡ
Ŷɽ붴飬˵ˣǽкδ㣿Դʵ
аƬ̣ڵԴ㣬ζ汻Ȼ͵ϮϳоӦô죿ɲ̵ܶӡ
Դ룺ǰȥʢţ϶ǲˣһֱزҲ˳ЦȻصܹȫһƣӣֿԱ̸
˵аæ
ԴͷһЦ˷ǲһһ䣬ֻҪڶУҲûϾޡ
ǰʢţɱʯϹѪʢţ˷ܴͨڣԴԼһ
ʱʯһʢȺףؽңҺӶԸĵӣԽŮá
ʯһ֣ҲҶΪѣΪߣʵ֮Ҳס̸ڣֻҪһκ¶ӭж⡣
⣬ǿߵˣֻһ˶෽ɾΣˡаüͷһ塣
ΪðգΣңԴûаգ˼ƲߣһЩִġ
ֻҪ̻ڣＴʯ촮ͨҲһ͸ҳ֣ɲ˵˵ģ̣ʱʲô³ֲǲ֪û˻ðġ
ʱ㴫ԣǰȥʢıǱֻ̣ȻŮʢӸ³˸Ӵ̵ԴȥҲմմ⣬Կ˭ҪҡԴг˵
úúãƣ̸ڣ˸Ҷ֣˶֣ģҲһƽ˷ҽÿһѪ飬ٺ٣ʢţаһ¶һ̵Ļȡ

º󣬶ʢɽǰʯ죬ҶɣԼ÷ܰգҲûмʲô֣µҲûг֡
ԶӰаԴһİӣԴ۷ʵģ֮а˱ǳʯǰ
ٺ٣ʯϹ٣ԲñŮӣѵһ˵꣬а˿ΪҶɣԼΪ÷ܰɵ¶֮ɫ


700 ̯
ааڸΪǿŮޣҶʢżǸҲԲͷʯ쿴˿а˵˵
úúãƾʲôڳԣа΢У漴˰֡
ˢһ£ԴһҶǰɱĿҶɣʱ׼ֻɱҶɣǳ÷ܰ棬˶ԸҶ÷ܰƺѹ
а˿ʯ죬ڵ㣬ǷĶԸߣ䣬а̧һ㣬һɫâָ⼤
ӭ籩֮£ȻΪһˮͰϸĺɫѪҴһɴ̱Ķܺƣȥ֮
״ʯɫһ䣬æųһɫԲ׻ƣһײǺɫѪ֮ʱⰵһԴʧӣȥۻĸӲ
ʱҶһһСĽɫСſ³һɫ׻žž֮
ǺɫѪһӴɫ׻һ㣬Ѹٵɢգ֮䣬ɢ˰ա
ʲô飿⣬ôٵĲаʱɫ΢䣬üͷ΢ĿǽɫС漴ĿҶɵϡ
аûаǣ㻹ʲôڴˣаӲܣϷնɱĻᡣʯ쿴˿аı飬Ц
ЦߣΪסԴǱԶԸаߵԷԼҲܡ
Ҷɿ˿÷ܰڵ÷ӣͿˣǶ˶Ըãһ֮ǣסˡ
ʲôаɫһ˿ûио󷨽Ʋʱ÷ܰһӣһСְգһϣܱ졣
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ƹ֣˵ܣֱǶʢţҶɣԼ÷ܰڵĸ߼󷨣˸ԲһҶּ󷨣ⱻԷ֡
һ
ɫСһâһȻΪСһɫ׻ϣڰճаѡ
ãаƣǾòû뵽ǾȻڴ˵ز˽ƣ֮ǰʱҲûз֣ؼԷֻˣ֮ģȻазҲӳơ
ԴǶסǣ취󣬷Ƕȥһȫƣ޷ˣа˵꣬׼ȥһԶԴ˶ƴֵ˭ҲӲ
аһƬɫŵһشȥ
صһ졣
Ҷóĵһش׵ľͱǺɫֻʣشаЦһչû뵽ױƿ
룬ߣʱ÷ܰŰңңһ㣬ֻǰһҲ֪εĵλá
ԴһԶƺסһ㣬Ҷɵ˽ӽԭа֪εĳҶʯĶ档
ףλλ󣿾˵ǶУȻǼ򻯰棬ô䵽ϣаһ۱ϳ˴Щɲ˵
еʶ㿴󷨾͸Ϥˣ÷ܰ˵꣬һӣּܹСѹһ㣬ۼ˰գγһɫС
ʢŵԪΪ˱ǻɷѿģȻŴƵ档аߵ
ѵĿƣԴЩǵ˵
а⣬佻սʵȻܵѹƣͬͨʿҽսʿҲҹѹƣԻɱң
ǸϿףһ֮򻯰ԪӦѲסǣϾһѾͷտôۡаЩе˵
Ұ㣿ԴȻЦԭ֮ɫĻΪŭɫݺݵضа
ʲô˼Դѵ˵ػԻ󣿡аЩɲ˵Խо˵ع죬һ˿ΣУҶʯҲЩɻüͷ΢ĿԴ
ԴߣаϹɻǵǧǰŵԴţԴŭԽԽʢ֮лΪɫ
ԴţƺйôһСɣѵйϵаɻ˵
ߣԴŵţǼҸһ߱ǧ꣬صԴź󣬷־Ȼȥ¥գ֮£ŵ֪Ǳ
뾡ҪΪ𣬵֪ʵ֮ûг嶯ƽӽ㣬ΪıߣҪȵгһգлֱ𡣡Դɷ˵
㣬Դһ㲻ڣȻñȽڳ˱˵㣬㾹ȻҪ߱ΪλҳıߣаֺŭĿԴҶʯ죬ûж֡
ԴһЦǰǲľôܵõΣ֮ǰΪ˰ɱ޹ҲֻҸһֹˡ
˷ʯųݻǰҪˣұϵթԸ嶯ֱҪ˶ʢţһǷΪıڶ࣬Ӱʯļƻ
аϹ㵹ҲҲ̫ң̿£Ҳʢţ̸ֱǵĿҪɽ̵ܹĸǰʢš
ңҴ˷ǰѹԼǲնȻңҲŷĵͬ·˼㽫£ǰ
Դ϶Ǵսʤһû󷨣û飬ǰװæˣаоâ˸˵
ԴЦ㲻ðæʲô׼ûУֻǱҲûϵҾ֣ͬսɱ˱ǡ
ֲûлұ̯ƣûҾͻΪһֱǱߣҲܷ֡
ҰɱҲһˣϴν˳ˣΪˣҪ̯֮ʱû뵽˳˾ȻɢԪϹ־Ȼ󵹸꣬⡣
ߣͲ½󵹸ꣿа
ꣿٺ٣Ǹ˳ңҲֻˣˣܵģҿˣұˡԴЦ
Ҷ꣬Դʱ仹ãѵҪ췴ɣߣɱҵֶΡаЩŵ˵
ˣֶȻǣҼǵú̺̣Σһúñģ˷ľͺˡ
ٺ٣Ҳ֪ҸʱǵңȨϽңϴλڻطŻָȻڻ֮ҲԻɢЦ
аİɣȻԴˣһԼ鷳ֵ֪ܶԹԣֻǲҷˡ
Σˣҿ飬ȷαƣŸ̯ƣҿ׼ĵȫٺ١ԴЦ
ŶλѼȻагǲһԸˣαؽǵסȻʱԽǱ任λãòҪˣʲôֶΡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
֣ٺ٣д⣬ˣֶΣҲǶаϹ죬ұҪΪ𣡡Դ䣬аϹɫһ䣬û뵽Ľ


701 а
нɫſһ磬һƬɫϼϯԼһɫ׻ʯ죬Դϯȥ״˲ɫһ䡣
λģǸǼӳһףܵдаʴҶ˵꣬Щģɫϲûʲô˺γһս֮󣬱ǰ
Сģ÷ܰһ䡣
৵һ
Ҷɵս׻ûγ֮ʣаȻɫһҶɱȥ£ȭƤǻΪһ󰵺֮ɫ
а;ҲɲԶټʵ߳Ҷɲ٣޷ܣаһʿ˭Ҳûϵȥ͵ϮһʵҶɡ
Դ˿аҲɵҡͷ̾Ϣһȭ֮µʿοҶɣûйƾ壬Ҳᱻһȭ䱬ֻʯһ㶣漴¶һЦݡ
Сӣͬ鲼ãҲģƶʵ£һ䣡ԱϣаһȭҶɶԺ䵽һ
صһ졣
һ֣аҶɸ˫һ𣬵֮࣬һĻԴɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ
˾ȣҶȭͷϱ鲼˰ɫ漴Ƥʴһ壬ȭͷΪݹǡ
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ʱҶںȻųһ׻ȭͷϸǴĿҫۣԼ仹̺һֹĽɫɢҶĺӵаһɫɢƤѸ
ף֮аɫһ䣬û뵽ҶǿҾȻרſԼа
ٺ٣ҳ͵ϮҶѣֱʯһߣЩɵ֮Ŀ˿Ҷɡ
аųݻֻҶžž׻ɢӲӵĹϼŨ֮ɢаȥ
ȻԸҽҶĳǣҶһ˵
״аɫһ䣬˿ԼЩõƤﻹҶӲֱӶݹһವһԶٵޱȡ
Ҷһȭ˿գҲûȥ׷ʲôԼҲûдս΢סа䲻ԼҲﵽЧϾԼ֮֮Ƚޡ
ٺ٣λѣڣǳˣʯ쿴˿Դˣ΢΢һЦ˵漴˵˵ͷЩǱƤָа
ߣԴ˱ң๼ʯ죬ƺң㲻ǹƣڴˣҲΪ汳䣬аһ
һ
һĺɫᦳְգаһɫӭ籩ǣȻΪʮ֮ޣɢںγһհĺƣƵĻѣצ˳ȥ
ȻܹңϾʵ΢ᦣˣһˣǵսûʱ޲ᱻԱϣܺɫһ󷭹֮ڻΪͬһƬ֮ɫ֮˸ѵ
ʱʯȻɫһ䣬Ȼоǰһ磬Ҳĺһȭһƺ߹ʯ쵹ϳһ˹ʯһæҡ
صһ죬ԶһƺߣԴаһȭ˺󱳣ɵԶ׼׷аȭͷϵѩҪԴ
ԴҲܣоʹѣϺɫ׼ҲǱЩƺںΣ׼׾ҪɢǽĴ
󣬺йǺɫڰצһֻֻηĻסһʱԷ޲׼ףʱһãҲؽľ֮ҪָɾͲһʱܹˡ
أһƺҲܵаһȭ֮а֮ܽǱͷų֣Ӱ˵ʵ
ҶԶĳۿս֣˫Ŀ΢еĵаһ࣬Саħ֮һԲкԶʿ׵ÿ졣
аһ㶼ۻฯʴ֮ЧûרſƵı﹦ǱԽɱҲʵҪа޹к飬˵ԴƳ磬㲻˵ΪвЩ͵Ĺ
鱻׼ҲȥһʱҵԴ㲻ҪǱ͵һаЦ
ʱֻļңһĻտʼޱȣںȻ֪ΪεĴһȻЩ֮⡣
ܵĺɫԽԽŨֱʵһ㣬ƺʶ֮ܵ˲ٵƣҲ֪аʩչʲôֶΡ
аȴɫ䣬ɲĿܣڵʲôħȻѹƱʮ
үûн֮Тô߼Ļᦣһָ˶ʵ㱾겻ӾͲˣǣһЦ֮ɫڵ굱ܺɫҲֻԸǱǺɫϯţճһ˹ȥ
аЩɲ֮ʣֻ°͸°ͼ죬еᦺȻϼҳ˼ѺۣܺɫԽԽ漴Ŵм۶ȥ
ʲôˣаɲĿԶֺɢʧ˵Ӱ»ָɫ׼ײȫаԭƵȻ޴档Ǹ߽Ҳһ
৵һ
ʱмɫһ漴âһʧ¶ĳһ̤ڽ꣬˫ðĿаƺûн䵱ˣǵ
⣬ʲôˣףʵ壬ѵǷӡ壿ߣԭҲħޣǴ㽫Ҳȡλðɣа˵껰˲ɵüͷһĿ˿Ҷɡ


702 ɷ
ǰ׳𣿶ʱ򣬻䣬Ҷȥ㣬ֱɱȥˣ˵ȥˣҶħǰк飬ѹСɡ÷ܰ˿аߵ
Ҷѡʯɫᶨĵ̱
ǺǣҲö˵ʲôаϹǱƼ˺ҿڣ꺢ͯİϷҲԣᦱ٣ǾֱܳǣǼӳϵսףȫصıаʴ塣Ҷ΢΢Ц
ûпó۵㣬ǳвĴڡа˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿Ҷɣüͷš˸
ôѵ㻹ҳֲɣΪῴ𣿡Ҷں˵
ߣаһߣһٴηųһƺһĺɫ̹Ҳ֪кô
һӭ籩֮£ȻΪСĺɫ޹ɢ̣ȴǰš
ɫ޹һ֣Դɫһ䣺ɷ٣㵱Ƿھۻ̳ôܴϣ
ٺ٣˵ôܾ䶼ģ˾һа˵껰̧źɫ޹ңңһ㡣
ɫ޹΢΢һ͸ƬƬ죬ѪһճʺɫҺ壬ֻһεڵأǽ港ʴһ޴ӣ֮ð
Сģɷ֮һǱﵫʤҲͷŹ꣬ʴԼǿɱᱻۻ࣬ҵȱԵֵԴ䣬ַųһɱ˺ɫ޹
صһ죬һڵɫɽնϣֻ꼸ɫɽⰵԴʧӣ⼣߰ߣ־Ը˿û֮⣬ƺֻ˿Ч
ŶҶ˫ĿһУּһڽӲӵķɽ³һɫ׻ɫɽס漴ն˺ɫ޹
ʱаһУһ֮󣬺ɫ޹ǳҶײȥǽɫɽ׻˸նںɫ޹֮ϣѪðɫ̼ɢҷ֮
Ѫ̫࣬׻һ󣬱ԽԽ٣ȫѪǣһڹɱķɽʴ⼣߰ߡ
а˿̸ûиٴĻᣬҶɸ˼һ֮£ֻԴ߶ڤɻ꽣Ǻɫ޹һնȥ
صһ졣
ڽ˲նһεѪճϣֻڽϼһǽѪɢԿڽֺǰмεϣҲûжԺڽ˿˺
ʲô˵ɷٶڵ˺ѵ˽ڵԴЩŵ˵
ٺ٣ֻԿưˣʱֵܹɷ٣ҸϿ֣鸨ǣʲôġҶ˵֮꣬£߶ڽֵŵɷ١
һ
ɫ۶ʯͷϣȻһֻСɫǹԴǰֳһ߶īɫ򣬶ϷһֻСƣ۶ɣ˸ʩչͨ漴аȥ
а˫ĿһеĿ˿ɫ޽¶һ̰֮ɫֻת˲ţ漴зٱ任ͷϿպâһֳһʮɴСĺɫС
бԵаһͺȣ֮ڣȻһֻֻСĺɫ֣ӣÿϸʮ֮ʯ˵ĹոϮǱֻɫһ漴ݺһա
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켸ͬһʱ䴫ɫǹǾ޴ƣԼīɫ򣬶˿û֣Ǳ޴Ĵֲ顣
λڻԶȫĻҶĳɾͲˣҶɿ˿˵Ĺɵһ
ԣԴƳҶһۣԶҶɲǺ⣬˷˵Ҷɳ٣ûɾҶҲֻǴЭˣˣ˵аֶҶɵǲʵλûнҶɷϡ
Ȼ룬ԴҲ֮̽⣬ٲʯһ֮󣬱ɫصĵ˵ͷ
̼䣬зϣдʯͷֳһֻʮ֮޵ɫǹϴһɿֲĲϴζսҶʩչͨƺϴѹҪǿһЩ
ɫǹ֮һֻ߰ɴСͻһŲɫӰаȥռ䵱ϡ
ߣаһߣǴ˵ħһͬףʿԼһҶɣаȻ¶ûһ˿һĻҾɫ
һͷɫпתһҰڣǰһ˦ȥ˺
أƵı죬ͻȻɫֲƣȻſҧסһ֣ǻζͷ­˺
ɫǹܼ󣬾Ȼնһɫ֣ڶֽǹһǽ˰գƾҲѳȥ
֮£ǺɫЩԭȥĴ󣬵Ǹһɫ֣֮ǰĻһ㣬ɪɪӳ񱻿ƣ߱ѹƵӡ
ȥҶɿһͺȡ
žž
һ֮нɫſһ磬һɫ׻׹£ȫһɫ֮ϡ
ԭӲޱȣĺɫ֣һɫ׻΢΢һ׻ԽԽ࣬һȻɢģһṦ򣬱ǻΪһźɢա
ۣ죬ɫȫɢʯ˸ˣֻдģ¶֮ɫſһžѪ۵һû˺ɫڡ
һɹ϶ֲɣϢɢɫлߣת洫һļµӴѹԴɫһ䡣


703 Ѫ
аôСѪ񹦡ʵʿսռһ˿Ϸ֣һ޴лߣɵɫ䡣
аһھѪע֮ɫҲ˲԰һϢ½٣λ΢΢һ£ǿֱ̧ۣǺɫңңһ㡣
һ
ɫһһһɶ֣߰ʮ̵֮ľ޴֣һ̽
˸޴ߣֻڰ΢΢һڣּⲿ˦˺ɫСصһ죬ǽ顣
漴Ǻɫڰһǽͻһš֮£ǽͻӰΪޡ
ţʯɫǹ۵һն˺ɫ֮ϣȻûдֺ佫ɫǹ󷭷ɶȥ
ǹͷǱʴʧž޴Ĵֺһתǽɫǹ۶ϣΪɢ˰ա
̿ƻʵգ֮䣬ǺɫûκλΣȫƾѹһеԼָʴ֮Ⱥ١
ٺ٣ȻЩߣͬ飬ǷʢΣҪڴ֮£Դһһģߡа䣬漴̧һ㡣
Х֮һ
޴ĴԴһ죬ڴӳԴųһƻǰ漴˲ѡ
صһ죬޴ĴֵķɣصԴ֮ϣһѪѶԴ壬ɫԪӤʧѪ֮г˳
ıˣô棬Ƕʹ࣬ȻһһĻɱһСӡа䣬޴ĴֱҶһȥ
״Ҷ˫Ŀһ漴ɫһڴһ̼֮䣬ǻΪһɫۼףͷɫǵľ޴ħ
ʱֵɷ٣ʱңĹٳֶԸҶ˵껰˵ıӳһֵ֮˵ɷ١
ţҶɵһΣڤɻ꽣ΪһĳУ˫һ壬޴ħֳֺڽӭž޴ĳһն
⣬Ҷô³çȥȥˡԴ˿Ҷɣ漴ʮ˵˼ԣʯȥæ
ʯҡͷЦǺǣҶҲУϷûˡʯӵسϣԼڱƴ֮ϣȫһʵҶɣ仰˵ڳûܱȵù
صһ졣
ֳֺڽľ޴ħһɫֳھ޷룬Ǵƺʹһ㣬һ֮£Ҷһҡ
áͫһԴҵı壬˵ΪҶˣܱ֤ԪӤӵ㲻ˣǿ϶ġ
صһ죬Ҷħǹɾ˫һΣŵŵŵĵ߰˲סΣ漴ħһ֣ٴγֽȥ
ʲôԴɫһ䣬ǹɾжԼҶɾȻȻ壬ױԼǿ˶٣仰˵ҶҲƾ֮Լı壿
ͬ¶֮ɫֻʯ첻ΪһȻӣǵõԼҪǶЩҶҲԽԼñ壬˵ΪԴˡ
ʲôô̬֮аε¶ݣǵõսһΪʿҶ濹ɫ֡
أҶɲʱıǺɫֺĵɶħƤ߽޷˼ħ
ҶٴʱǸɫ˼ߴ˿ڣӴĺɫ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôֻǵӱŭˡ
ҶѾȻʵֲʯѸҽаҿʼҶѶһԣΪֻǸҵսһЩаԹˡԴŶһʱԷֳʤɵ΢΢˿
ٺ٣˵ô˷ҪҶˣʯһ߿ɫԲ˵ֵŵɷ٣һҡͷ̾ϢҶɵĿֲڿǺûȫֳ
аüͷĿҶɣڵСӣڴͬ뿪ԲΪ㣬º󻹻һЩôΣ
Ҫڵı֮Ҳ޷ά̫ãһǸʱ̸ʸûˣڰֻ벻ĺô㡣
ԣԴɫһǵõԸ˳֮ʱаƲʹôöԷһʿ꣬ˡ
ҶЦЦ֪óʲôôһ䣬ʯ˵ɫһҶĵ꣬Լ˶ȻҪڴˡ
еĶѡаɫһ˵
ҶѲҪţ˳˾ǱܵģʿҲ˽ϣʲôôûеõԴһ
ʲôı͸ҶĳҶһ䣬ƺûԴѡ
Խôųѡ˳ʲôĸʵôҶѱȣߡԱϣа΢΢һЦ
ҶҲЦˣڵŶȻˣҶĳǽɱǺôԼˣ
Դ룬æڵҶѣкôѡҵȾԲҲæ˵ͷ
˷֮ʣҶɳŰһ㣬ɫϼһҶеĺڽһžž󣬽ɫʧ
ԭڤɻ꽣ı棬ȴǳһӰ߲ȥһͼһ㣬ڽ涼žɫ׻ҷž֮
ҶħҲһ׻Ҽһɹ֮ԶԶȥҶɺһԶսַ·һ㣬ϣʥ
Ҷɵֳֽǰһӣһȣħɢһȵ漴˫âһźɫֱȥ


704 а
۵һ
Ҷħֳ׽һ˺ɫһ߶ֻǾ޴ĴһҶɱԴֺ
һȣڽ֮Ͼɫ׻䲻ѣžž֮ħ˫սһȫźɫնһ
Ǻɫǳħһɨ֮պײһ
أ
һҵı죬ţǴžž֮ڽûдɫ֣һ׻ϣǺɫֱǧٿô֮ð̡
ڽննϣ׵رǻһ˿ڣ氵ɫҺһ֣Ǳɫ׻Ϊһ̵ʧ
ãаɫһ䣬Ҷɫƾ֮£ԱƵһذɣ䰵ҶǲרԼģ޵ֱֺް취
޴ĴƺоΣգһ֮󣬱һȦȦĽҶɲ漴ݺһգ׼
ħȻâţһɫϼ֮ޱȣǺɫһӴ֮£ѩ¯ڻɢƵ˿֣ܲǼæԶԶض˿ȥɫҲǱǧٿףȱȫ
ȣһȣҶ˫ֳֽɫУ˻δһ׳׻ϣĺɫеɢ
һնϯƥ׻˸ʱɫкɢʣ²ȱȫĺɫ֣ͬйƤʧСɢ漴ʧ
۵һ
аһ֮£һھѪɫ԰ޱȣһϢ鸡ݹЩѳֲס׹£ȻͨƳ˲Сķ֮
ҶħոնɫУ°âһаȥûиκδϢĻᡣ
״а˫һΣһɫƻǰڽնϣһŴĿصһ֮󣬱аЩƵĶƺɡ
аɫ䣬δгһգһΪƵǱӦ˵Σ
зһа֪ҪʩչʲôͨȻһâҶɶͷһٶޱȣԼ俴һɫ۵һûаͷ­֮ڡ
һҽУазһɢ˫ֱͷҶħ嵽ǰ䣬۵һǽаͷ­ն
৵һһҪߣֻڽȻɢɫ̼仯ΪһСţУ洫ЦԼĲҽ֮һṦ򣬱ǰ
ħգضźҲ֪˶ãкɫһ¶һĺ飬̤ڽ֮ϻζʲôҶɲų˿
ַһ䣬Ҷâһǳȥ˱֮ΪŰ۵ֻ꣬ɫ԰ףһϢҲЩ붼̷һŵҩ漴˺ڽ֮ϡ
Դ㶵һĻǻа޷ţаȻһŽٶΪ֮˵
ȻҶԼ֮аԼҲҲ˵Լնɱаӵˡ
ҲףҶնɱаʵﵽԽ˾Žأͨԣ޹ȵѹаԲܽɱ
Լ֮ҶɶԸааѾռ˼ıˣаܵѹƣһаӲյ
Ѫɫ֣ǱҶħǿṦѹƣ߽ʱûκλΣҶǱ̬֮⣬˻ûһս֮
ҶһƣԸ˾΢΢ˣϾ˶аűҶɿƵģ֮ʿûʲô̫˺飬ƾ˺ʿԻ
ΨһʿЩвģǿ֮Ȼһжط֮ˣ֮ҲɲʲôóԷԶԶرƴͨǿҲֻܱ
ΣԴ˼Կ϶ҶһʿУԱ֮һʿ˵Ĵ󻰣ȻķҶɵϡ
ֻǶ˲֪ҶɲƵаΣϴεʯ죬ҲΣҶɾô˷նɱаϴζսʯ컹ҪףҲǰ˲аķ
ȻⲢʯаʵǿǸóĹͨͬҶɸպÿаˣҶɿɲԴΪԼնɱʿġ
Ҷа̾ϢаһаһʿĹﶼƣ֮ͬиûжֻ֣丩׳Ƴ
ͨʿҪͷһаûʲô취Ϊ֮ˣǶǴﵽ÷ǰǿߣձչأµϹ漰Լ棬ǲΪС³ɽģҲ͵аڴ˵˸ǵĴڡ
Ͼпɽˣܼƽȥ֣ûкô鼸ûȥǻ˳ǧϹɲȷǰ㽲ʲô壬Ͷֲˡ
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Ҷѣ÷˽еСףôѵǻеܽףǻẦ㲻ɣǹЦ
Ҷĳ룬ǲ˵ˡҶɿ˿ĶˣܾʲôԼйأȴƫƫԼӦҲẦԼҶҲû׷ʡ
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һ߻ָƣһŶԲߣʱȥ˰࣬Ҷ޷ѰҰ취ϾԿ֮£Ҷлþ

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Ҷɵ˵ͷ˿֮ţɫ¶أʱ򣬼ȫ׼˭Ҳ˵һʧϾħۣû˳ɹ߳
Ҷѣĳилþ֮ǰɷҼʶһħ֮˵ɫһĿ˿Ҷɡ
Ҷ˫ĿһУƬ̣Ĵ⣬ͽԼɱܳ־ΣҶ̧һĶͷವһһѺɫһ󣬱ǳǰ
״˫Ŀһϴżϡ棬־죬һ죬ڤɻ꽣¶һ˿֮̾ɫ
ȷǺýֻǣⱦƺЩӰ˱ԭеҲաҶѳĳ취޸˽
ٺ٣û뵽ĳȻԵܹۼʶһħ۵ıҶ˽ͬħһΪ̤лþһɹΪģ̇һģڽ˲صҶɵǰ
ӽ֮ŵУȻâһصһѶֻʣ½ɫͷ­գҶǻΪһ̫ʵӰֳڤɻ꽣һ̤С
Ҷѣ㡭һҪų÷ܰƺֹ˵˵һ䣬Ҷ֣صĵ˵ͷ
ǿ˿ˣ漴һЦҶѷģʮ֮ڣҶȻ÷ӣܵģʮǻ˵ؽ㡣
ҶЩģӰ˵ͷ漴Ŷ˱˱ȭһأתΣ׽˽֮ŵ֮ڡ


713 Կռ
һƬʣЩҵĿռ֮ڣһ޼ʣϲ죬²أһɫķڰպХ
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ʱһ͸Ӱڸֶȥģģһ֣ǱܽԷд̴͸壬ñģӰģƺֲ˶üɢһ㡣
ģӰһӣһƬâϯܷһ׼䴵ɢǷƺ̩ɽ֮أƶֺģӰ͸ȥ
Ƭ̣ģӰһһѺɫУӭ籩֮£ǻΪСģӰǰ
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ףͬ˵лþʵ޻УȻԻд͸ڤɻ꽣ģӰһȵǽ֮ŵҶɡ
ռڵĽԷм࣬ʱر任ŷʱ򼸵мӽҶɵĻǰҶɵֿǱԶߣķУǺ׵ĴӺ󱳴룬ǰ͸
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˵֮ҪһһεһһϦ֮£ÿһ֮ţʮԲ
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žžܺȻɫ׻䲻ѣžɫ׻Ť֮£γһ׼ףҶ˰
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׻Ȼп֮ЧǿĽɫУԻ˺٣ɫһ˺ûУֻɫĽԡ
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벻мЧлþأҶЦЦ漴ڽɫԽԽ࣬һ֮£нԹת֮ϡ
ϧˣָû۳һҪˡҶɿ˿СؽӲӵָɵ¶һЦ

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ѾͷһصػɽɣҲﲻϰæͽ˸УҶѵĲҲã˵Ѿ֮ǲˡǵ˵
ŰɣһõϵĻȥңˣǰоҶмְճɹ÷ܰĿڵ
ԣüͷһ壬ԼһҲûУҶѽлþҲ֮٣Ͼ׷ĵһ״ġ
˵ҶмְգҹۿһϢһɣ˵껰÷ܰüһ壬֮ɫŨ˼֡


714 Ԫ
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·ҶΧһ㵭ɫϣֹܵĽԷУ˿̵ķУԱǰ˲٣Ҳ֮ǿеĴﵽ߶೤һһڰպХ
Ҷɳǵɫϣ𵽵ü΢΢ҶȻҳȻЩģƺЩѿһžʹӡ
˿Ҷɵ壬֮ǰһΪ˽Ӳӵɫȥʵʵʽ۳һ㡣
ֻͷ­Ȼǻ۶ɣȻֳâ̺һЩԣȻûдﵽԲδȫתн֮
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һ߶೤ĽɫУҶɵͷ­ԭЩõͷ­ȥģĿ鵱һ䡣
붼ĵһУ߿մ΢΢һȻδȫָʵȻҶɵϣһɫ׻֮˲γɡ
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лþȻֲû黤壬ǿһ껹ܼʱ䣬ͻܲסԷйɢ
һЩ⹦ˣԶָ꣬ʮ֮ãͨ˿ģûУ֪ħۣǿʲôġҶЩ˵

һҶȻЩƣ˼󣬵ͷ­ڻΪ˽Ӳӵɫн֮Բ㲻ʹ黤壬ƾһϮҲ˺Ҷɵ꣬һƿؽԷе
ϢһºҶ֮ȫָкȻһƺӦһ㣬ĵС
ԭﵽ֮ʱпռ֮ŽԶӦȻгɣӦѡľţϾнľӦһЩѾ˵һŻҶ˵̧꣬ͷ˿ܵıɵ¶Ц
ԭЩֱ̫ԱеıＶȻߣľԱԷпƵļ˼ʱ䣬Ǳ١
ֻʣ˰ʮҶɵһӣǽбͬڽ˿ɫľУһûС

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ҶԵĸоԴһЩݿή֮ؼľɢٶȣһ˿΢ļ١
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ҶһԪת֮£һ֮ŨľҶɹ۶ȥɫԽԽ࣬Ҷһֲֿٶȣؼľ˫Ѿ׻Ϊɫ
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ʱ仺ţɫʱ׻ֲ꣬Թϼֲһ㣬Ǿ͵Ϣ
ҶɵΪ˱֮ɫ֮ҲǸʵǿᣬҶɳ֮еʱ򣬰һֶ
ףȻľԲˣٺ٣ûйԪԼ׻ϣʮʱ»Ĳá
һʱޣƬռڵľ类Щֲһգ޷תľҲζʧ˵˰ɣҶף˹ؿɣʵΣķ
ֻʣˮŻ鼸ɲʲôóûʲôЧ޷ȡɣֻܿʵˡ
۳ľֿ֮ܿһӦѡ֮ţҶ˵껰бһɫ֮ڡ

һƬɳĿռڣҶɵա
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ҶڽȴǴǰʵһſɰ͸Ҷɵ壬˵ɫϼɢԡ


715 Բ
ʮԿռڣ
Ҷںڽ֮ϣɢɫϼгУֱˮŻ
ȻһԲȴǴһ˿£û뵽ӵľȻ޷ȫѹԿռɵ˺
䲻ʱ֮ϣȻ΢΢ҲܼһЩ˺һҶɼֱЩ޷ܣЩɢ
תʥħ壬û뵽ȻںһЩܣһɰ˺ԣ꼴ɢ֮ʱﵽԲΪ
лþһŻѵģ󲿷Ҳ˵һŻϾʱûκ޷ƿռԡ
һһŻ۳ɹҵԼƵĿռ䣬˵ײ٣ҶȴЩͬľԿռΪףԿռҲǿֻԿռ䣬Щ䡣
۳ľ޷ֿԿռ䣬֪ǰŻжΣգûԪ궼޷ܡ
˷ûͬԵʥħ壬ҲҪΣˣͨлþ֮ˣȻһЩǳ֮Ҷһ䣬漴бһûɫˮԿռڡ

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һƬεɫٲҲ֪Ǵ·ҲδҶɵӰٲ֮С
ˮܼԶԶȥֻܿɫٲϸ̺һСı׶ȥ
Ҷɵ۶㵽ɫٲӰ룬֮£ҶɽбųʵʵգҲΪҲ޷ܣƾļˮˢ壬һ׶͸Ȼ˺󣬵ҲˮԹ㡣
Թϼһǿ˲ˮԴ˺ˣҶҲЩоȥԼ޷ʮ֮á

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һգ·Ʈɢŵĺɫһƺᵽʲôζ漴һǳһĽ
ߣһߣһһڹŵ漤۵һ죬Ȼһ꣬ԶӴܶȥ
ꣿٺ٣ܺƣ漴һһźɫ漴ųĺɫ˿ǵ
̧һУ漴ȡһɫᦣǵһ׶ȥϺһǽǵɵ֮ڡ
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ߣȻˣãԱϣ¶һ˿Цɫ΢΢һ𣬱ųһƬɫɫС洫ҽ֮
߿˿Զüͷһ壺һߣռʿǣԸЩ֣Ҳգҵ˵ٺ٣Աϣ߱һ漴¶ϲɫ֮󣬱ĳȥ

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üͷһ壬ֻһܹĻᣬѡȨǸѡĵ޷Ԥ
ȻҹһϢɹʼͣҶƣǴ֮ϷָоҶѣħ֮µڶˣܹɹлþ߳ġ
÷ܰüһ壬Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻɫһף̴һţ۵һһѪһϢ鸡
ãһ÷ܰʧ˶֮ڣһ̣˱ǳһɽ緢ڣǽ÷ܰڵ棬˫һŻɽһ֮÷ܰעȥ

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ҶһƬ֮ϣ꼴ɢ֮ʣȻųɺâ죬۴Բ
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ȭҶɸоȵҶڽľˮֵĸӦԼạ̃Ҳǰǰ򵥵֪
֮ȻǿʶȻҲֲоԸصʿƺҲ׾١
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ҶɵڻɫһһģĳԶҶüпкһΧռɫ䡣
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˵ɽ綯Ӱ󣬼ɽ縲ֶԼòɽͽ֮£ɫĻڣǵ
ԭˣʦ治ȥԿһ䡣
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˽ˣȥӡԱϣ˳ңĬãɫĻڴһЦ

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Ҷվڵ棬˿ѳ̫֮ʵûʩչʥħ壬ǱŸ߿մ
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촫ҶɱɫϣƺܵûУ绡һƬڣɫ԰ޱȣһֱ۵ѶһҲٵСء
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ǵܽЩ߽ץסʮʱ䣬¶ܴﵽʵˣҲ޷ںʵԶԸЩ꣬лɱȥǡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦˣ֮ǰ˵ûҲ׽٣֪£ǽ׺ָʲô䣿
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ҶѾȻǰˣϲҶ£۳÷ܰЦ绨Ҷ˵
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÷Ҳ֪ҶɺȻ֣ԼȻ֪ñŵƭȻʱûʲô֪˻Ƿܡ
ѾͷϷģٺ٣ĳֳΪҶһûƽཻĳͿҶѵģĳϲıͶԵЩε˵
Ҷѣǻȥ߱˵ɣлþǰģж⣬ǿˣȲڡ
ʵ˲ʲôǰǰЩ˻ˣʩչĪķѵģֻΪǰǰûѹµġ÷ܰ˵꣬Ҷ΢΢һ㶡


718 ħ۴˵
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⣬÷ӾȻҲ˵ôأʮ껹ûгȬʲôˣҶЩʵ˵Ҳʵƽһ˶Ȼǳء
ȿȣʲôˣ˵Ҳҽͽ˸аˣ㲻غ˼ˣˣҶٸĳϸлþк֮£ǸȤʵ

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һкȻһֻɫᦣɢɫ֮£һźɫ浽ɫ˿ǱӶݵס
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ߣߣɫ뾧漴һŶ׷ȥʢûʣһڣ

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ڰƲԵĻУһԲѣɫҰףǰһƬѪŮӡ
Ʋת׿˿ǣصѣŮڵػɽʶֻǣĳһλѾɡƲҡͷ̾Ϣ¶һȻ֮ɫ
ԣ˫ĿһҶɸֱվ˿ƲԻеŮӣɫһ䣺⡭ܰ


719 ǧ˿
Ҷɽӹ÷ܰں֮ϣһܺƣƬ̼䣬ǽ÷ܰα
ҶǺο࣬ɢҵģƲԿ˿Ҷɣ̾Ϣһ
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ĳҲȷѾͷݣļǣҲûȥ׷ϡƲüͷһ˵
ϴˣҶһѵӦ˸Ҵػɽģ²Ǳʿǵͷ
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ڤˣôԵ޹ʵĴػɽҶЩɻ
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ҲңǼæֵֻǴͶѣǻ䣬ƲҶɵı飬ǸӹŹ
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⡭ȻΪ˾ңȴҶɺȻЩԺһƬհס
ƲǻȻĵ˵ͷҶɹֵҼѾͷ֮ǱȡģΪҶߣԸѾͷˣҲԸлԭǵ޷Ϊ֮ĳǰҶˣ£
޷ҶЩİ˰֣Ҳ֪˼ʲôɫԽȻ
̾Ϣһ˿÷ֿܰ˿ҶɣĬƬ̣ڵҶѣѾͷȷоķԸ⣿
Ҷ˫Ŀһ¶һڴʲô취˵Ҷĳǣ
ѾͷǱɻˣҲûа취ֻǻЩãҶѻðЩգ˵
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ҶϸĴһǧ˿飬ҶɾڶնǰȥɽΪ÷ܰѰǧ˿ֻо÷ܰҶɵŻùһЩ
ˣҶ֮أλָΪʱ׾Žصģܰһ䣬Ʋüѯʡ
ԣҶҲ˵졢ࡢɫϼ΢΢һ΢΢ɢ΢΢һЦ
״Ʋһ㶣漴ƺ뵽ʲô𾪵ʲôѵҶѽлþ
ҼɫһҶ΢Ц˵
ƲԸƶЦ벻ҶѾȻ۳ħ֮Ҷǵһ˴лþ߳Ҷѣ·˵ħ۵ڤɻ꽣ϣɷĳһˣ


720 Ҷɳɽ
ػɽҶɣǣƲգ
ҶѷģܰѾͷϷԲʲô⣡ǿ˿Ҷɣɫһ˵
ͷˣҶת׿˿Ʋԣֵ˷ѼʱϵҶĳ÷ӵĻᶼûС
ҶĳҪȥɽѰǧ˿޷ϴһڷλƷˣҶĳһλһ
ˣҪҶѿȥأհĳԵüħѾܸˣףҶһ·˳磡ƲЦ
˵ħĳҶ¼һ˽лþоȻ޸ĳּЧҪáҡҡͷ
λҶĳǣҶ˵껰ǲٵ飬ݹһķɶݶߡ
ƲԳĬƬ̣ڵҶѴ˷ǰȥҲ֪ʱأɽҳһţ²̫˳
ǰĵȴɣǧ˵գۼţߣѣǺþûгˣһҪʹһ˵꣬Ʋ΢΢һЦ˱ʧ

ںɽػɽʿ˵棬ڽǵʿʿ˶˵ҲμӹΧҶɡ
ʿһŽʿǾŽأǶϣҲû˳˼Ȼڴ˵صȺʲô
һգڱĿĳüһ漴Զʱһݹڵػɽ·ڷ
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˭ѲҪ֣ЩɻĿˣ֪Ϊλڵػɽɳֻһۣĸݣܺƣһޡ
һ¶һЦٺ٣Ϸ׷һص꣬׷ػɽȻ׷ҺһЩõ֮壬û뵽Ϲ֣Ϸһպйߡ
ôĿ㲻ʿǶһˣǿڴˣѵǱɣû˵ĳֶΰɣߵ
ֶΣٺ٣ĳʶһֶΣ߻䣬һһɫϯðں֮󣬱Ŷһֶȥ

պҶɶݵػɽԵ˶ʢŸ߿մ
Щ˾ȻУųЩ꣬ȷ˲Сɱ¾Ҷɿ˿ʢĵӣɵɫһû뵽Լ˵ôѣֲõǾۻ̳˸
Ƭ̣ҶɵһŻŶʢż漴һŵػɽΧȥ
պҶɸոҪɳػɽΧȻԶ³һ꣬һϷʵĿҶɣ䷢ҶɵΪȴɫһ
Ȼ͸ΪˣȻص۸㻤ΪϢܿϧµ㣬֪Ϊٺ١Ц˵˵ҶɽأԼԲţԼʵԸҶɶʵֱֵ
ǵõΧҶĳˣоһûüȥ㣬ԼˣҶɫһ˵
ǵЩ˽Լˣ÷ܰҲ׳֮˵ҲͲڵıˣҶɽеĺ⣬Щ˵ϣȻаƲߡ
СӣڽħĳΪ㣬һֱ˷֣ǿ»Ϲ³һϴλҪҡ
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ħ꿴˿ǰħɵ¶һЦȴǴһ˿䱸֮ɫĿҶɣɲҶô׽ħ
һһ˿ɱ⣬ǽħҲ»ڣⱻ˷֣ҶˣʲôֶΣԼԵǰҲǵСˡ
Ҷɹûͷųκη˿û汻ֵӣ갵һ׳գ漴һ죬ץħ
ħȻҵõħЩ漴ʶһţ׼ĨҶӡ
৵һ
ʱɫȻ΢΢һɢһ֮£ǽУ漴һЦԼе

ںɽԵϣա
ѾңʱһӲӵСԶ֮£ǳ˶ǰòһ޶
ףѣ㲻һѵ㶯ˣЩɲʵ仳ǲҶɵħʿˡ
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ͬһʱ䣬嶴ۼԶҶɵӰֶһĻͷ˿ҶĳҶٺ١
ҶɶãһҶ뿪˵ĺϵҲսᣬԼ֮Ҳʧˣ´ټ棬ͿܵˣҶɶݹһ𣬱Զɶݶߡ

ºҶɸոԽɷΧЩ֮⣬˷ֶ飬ǧ˿´Ҫ֮ã÷ܰȻϵ̫Ϳ»³Ƕ޲ߡ
ۣʱһֻβҶǰĳҶɺУЩҶ־Щɰ΢΢һЦ
Сһ˵ԣȻҶЩЦ˵֮ǰ֮⵹Ǽٴ롣
㣬㲻ߣС쵽ֻצҵİڶƺʱܷ˿һֻҪ˵ޣҶɵһȻҲΪֻǵ߸ûнֱӶ
ŶΪʲôߣҶЩɻʵ
ңһûбҪʰ㣬ۣ䣬С³һӨҶֻǴһӣǽʵĹһĶɢ
״СҲûܵҶɳһֻצҶһץ߻һ˻һҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ⾮ȻץһĿӣǵϴֻС껹ûʵ
СһⶼƲЩֱתĴҶɣƺѰʲôСצͷƺЩΡ
Сһôòֲ๵ͨ˱ˣһˣ㲻ɱ𣿡ҶɺȻС࣬СЦ
£ϴζûɱҺ壬Ҿ֪㲻ɱҵģһûˣҺ㲻ϤɱңҲû׷ɱҡ
СϾͻȥǰæץ׼ѵһ£֪ҵǧҾ֪Ǳؾ֮·ˡСͷ
ԭˣС𣿡Ҷаֻ̾һֻС꣬ʵȻǲߣһдΪֲǺ峤
ˣС粻ˣҲ򲻹ң㳤ںұԣ㿴ͼϵıʶ𣿡ҶɺȻʲôսö׸Сꡣ
Ƭ̺СЩɻ֮ɫҶɲ̾Ϣһһˣ֮ǰ·϶ֻʵѻ꣬ûе֪ʲôõϢСǲ֪ˡ
磬ɽϵĵͼˣﻹûб٣òģǺҲϵͼûıǣɫǵĵطɷ塣СЩΪȻ˵׸Ҷɡ
ȷҶЩȻ֮ɫ
Ȼˣɽûм֪ģֻҸϵͼҶ̫ϤˣܵСꡣСȻ˵
Ƭ̣Ҷɾȥɷ忴һս˵ͼţ˵ʲôܣ漴СЦСϣȥɷ忴ɡ
вУСצڶƺЩ˵岻ܽӽҪԽԽɵԼͬ嶼ṥġ
ԭˣǺðɣȹȥȻȥɡҶ˵꣬һʧ
ȴ磡С漴օ۵ĽȥЩӣʿΪСҪһ㡣

ʮպҶɸСָĵص㣬ɷ壬ҲԼɽʱԶһɽ壬Ͽȥ˸ߴһЩûʲôر֮
״ҶӴʶ֮ɢϸϸɨΣҲûзʲôر֮Ƭ̣ҶһǶɷɽ֮ڡ
һʱҶɷɽҲûʲôϵĵص㣬С˵ĵȷɷɣҶ˼ŵȥ
ʱ䣬ҶҲûзʲôҸоѹԽԽԼ޷̫룬⻹Լֵܹһѹˣ¸ﲻҶȡ
Ҷ׼ʱȻüһо·ģģĳһŻƺһСĵ¶
ܣûʲô쳣֮ҶɱСŻӽʿɨƬ̣һĽŻ֮ڡ
˵һ
ҶɸһʯţǸоһɹĲʶһңЩɢ伱æתɹ赲ʶ֮⣬ʶǿ󣬿ҪܵСĴˣʿʵģпֱɢڴˡ
ǺֽƣȻ˿ֲҶЩɲ˵漴ܵĻ
˵ؾһʯȣߣʶ֮޷ǰ̽ʲôֻ÷ע˫۲鿴Ҳ޷̫ԶһұĿӡ
һ߶ϵֱ۵ĿݹǣҶûᣬ˴ԶʱǰһʯϵһĽͷҶڷצȥһ㡣
ҶʯԴƬ̣ҪǰУ৵һʯϽϼһһɫĻ֮ŽȷסҶɸոսӴǵĻȻɫһףһĵĵһдһƺߡ
Ҷɺ˵ʱǵĻ֮ٴʧҶɲòͣΪ˿ԼʵѾ޷ȣ궨Ȼڴ˵أڣҶɶЩԼ֣Լǿܶ࣬ʲôԱı
ʱҶԺһɲ˵ѵսժȡǧ˿Ϊ˽ܵأ
ֲֵܹסҵ깥ĽǿȣҲԽȣ˿ҲֻܵȵԺװˣԭΪòǧ˿⴦ܵЩջҲ˷ǰһˡ
ҶɿĻʧҡͷ̾ϢһٴδʯϵĽ̡
ףǣȻҶ˫ĿһУֽе֮ϣһСĳΰȱڣײһЩʽŹֵķģҶȻʶȴһ˿Ϥĸо


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Ҷɿ˿۵ײĹŹַģܸоʶ֮УһʱЩǲϾЩŹֵҶһҲʶ
Ȼ䣬ҶԺһ¶ɲ֮ɫ漴һһöʯС
ǵǧܵڣõʯҲ»ָֻҶһֱŪ״ʲôôʱһñЩˡ
ٺ٣ǿֹŹֵķģ벻Ͳ֪Ƿˣ˵껰Ҷһǽʯ఼۴һСպǺϡ
Ƭ̺󣬼ûʲôⷴӦҶüͷһ壬׼ע뷨
˵һ
ʱ̽ȻâţܴһɹɹĲ鲼ȣҶɸоֹѸʧ䲻һϲ
һṦ򣬵̽һʢĿҫҶɲ˫ĿһУϼٴ۵һɢΪɢգһͬʧģöһֱ֪õʯֻʣ˹ͺͺʯ
⡭ҶЩȻ֮ɫ˿ʯԭʯֻһöԿףһһԵԿףҶЩɻ˵һ䣬оڵʧǲתҲ˿ок쳣
ҶɽĿ˿ǰȣʶ֮ҲûκͷŶоûʲô쳣֮Ҷɱǰȥ
ԼôɹҶɷ߿ݹڵϣеͷˣеͷ­ҶɣʶһɨҶɷ־ԼĿݹǣӦһΪʿ߿ݹǵĹʼǿҶɲ²ӦǰΪ
ЩӦһЩǿдȵģû뵽Ľӿ£֮ڡҶ̾Ϣһû뵽ʵ˵أ֪Ľжֲ
Ƭ̣ҶɵһУವһ߿ݹϵĴָ漴䵽Ҷɵ
ǰԶɵĵطһŻҶɶݹһ𣬼ģ֮£ǳʯŸ
˼ҶɵһΣɫУ漴ǰңңһնصһǵʯűǱѶȥûʲôƣֱ̬Ľ˵һ˵ȷԴ˴
Ҷվſڴʯ֮п˿漴һӣɫֶʯڼȥ

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ǰ֮أǳס˴һְһ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢յĴš
ʲô£ȻƺӦʲô˫Ŀһʵ
ʱһΪĻ˴俴˿ϣڵϣѾСڶǳֹƺѰ÷ˡ
ŶںδɫȻʵ
ε̫ڲ顣
ʲôȻŷԸȲҪȲĵϸһʵʿûнסҲڸİɣЩ΢ŭ
Ϣŭ֪ºŶ޵ɢŹʵ
Ǹ֮ǿĶʿϷôСʲôϵѵڰǸСӣɻʵ
ɫ֣صϣѾ䳤ϣ򶫺ǣû뵽䱻һնɱ˵ߵ֮ڶ֮ϡ
ʲôˣ˸߽׵ĹټϾڤ꣬ѵڤˣɲ˵
ڤˣ˵ޣǱħҶɵСӻɱζʵȥСӣֻȥ
˲˺ܾãûҵ֪ͨһǲš˵꣬¶֮ɫ
⵹ǲأŷԸûҪ޷ţЩסͺˣԭС֮ǰΪ
ֲ䣬СģǾ٣Ȼûص۱ڷֱӶħͺá
УŷԸڶ߽ףʿȹϱƣڳһСִ̽Сӵ䡣
ʿչصȫг׼ؽ̨̨Ϲű֮һǱ½磬ʥħСӡ˵껰оâ΢΢һ

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Ҷ߽ʯ֮У˴󣬴ŷԲɵӣƺһͨıչ֮أʲôرܵء
ʯǰһɫţһһ߿ݹǣ԰ЩĿݹǺ󱳶Ҷɣһƴ͸һ߿ݹǵؿڣȥԷɥĹؼ
ЩĿݹҶɣŲԶƺԭϥһ㣬ֻؿڱԷ͵ϮĴ͸ЩĿݹʵԲͣһֻ˶Էͷ֮ϣֻȴǱƺʲôҲϽ
ƺ˶û뵽Ȼڴ˵ͬھҶǰŵƶһ󣬲ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ܴ˶ҽδƣӦϤģԲų͵Ϯ˿ǿݹǱУȻʲô˲õĶҶɲЩ
߿ݹǣʯڿտյǼ߿ݹǣӦз⴦ܵأ˵ʲôطҪѰһԵ
Щ˸Ͳֻ֪һ򵥵ıչضǲرĵطȻҲ֪ҲһֻҶѾ޷֤ˣҲûҪȥоЩ
Ҷɿ˿԰ЩǾ߿ݹǣָȻûдȫûһԴԷĽ䱸ó͵ϮĿ
ҶɲЩΪںһ߿ݹǱƣȻرҲ֮ƴ
Ҷ߿ݹʶɨΣֽ׼ԷһϾǰԹ׹ƵĿҶɿɲҴֺ鿴˱ֻơ
ʲôҶɵһ㶣ݹǱϣ˼ƵĴָƬھͿտյҶɲЩЦãǧ˿ûõ֮ܵҲǰһˡ


735 ɨ˷
ҶЩĿãһԭûбһм鴢ָƬӴ˽ֱָ飬װصıȫռˣȻ˵ԸٵеıҲԸöԷ
Ҷɲһ꣬ģǽ߿ݹƶطϸϸ˿ݹȫֿ˿ݹ£ȷʲôûУ޿κεҡҡͷ
ĬƬ̣ҶɽǽּΣҲûзʲôư֮࣬ʯ棬Ҷɶ˺üΣεҡҡͷ뿪ʯҡ
ʯҶɿ˿߿ݹǣ¶һĨ֮⣬ȻԼһˣܺùһԼ뿪ʲôطûŪΪһչĿն
˶ſڣҶֿ˿ǾΪĿݹǣ漴һǶݳʯţŵ֮Ϸɶݶȥ
ĬƬ̣ҶҲȻҲ޴Ͼ˭ôһضôǿĽƣ취ȥҶҲһ֪տյԼȥ˷ʱ䡣

ºɷԵ
ۣˣҵ𣿡С꿴ԶҶɵӰ˵
ݹһҶС긽Ƭ̣ҶɵһһöָУսϵõļֵҩԼʹõġ
СϣЩ͸ɣ˵껰Ҷɵһָವһ㱻Сץס
ۣʲôģСЩɻĿ˿ҶɣҲûоܾ˼ŸСԴ
ٺ٣ûȥ֪ˣҪˣҲȥɣס´ҪѧṵͨҪֱצȥһҴ˼һὫ㵱ɱġҶĳ˵
СϲԸ˵еҪɱ壬ǺܻġС¶΢ŭ֮ɫСצڰջӶѡ
ԣҶ̾ϢһȷԼҲΪ񣬶ɽɱޡ
Сϣ绹Ҫȥ죬Ժʱ㡣ҶļصػɽϾ˷ֶ飬Ҫѯٵݣû÷ܰϾϵʱԽûŶԽ
ۣǺðɣ´δСһҪѵ磬ܡСлӶСצӣһ֣ص˵
ǲǽѵǱԡҶɻδ䣬ݹһ𣬱뿪˴Ƭ򣬳ϼɽȥ
С¶ʧ֮ɫĬãɻĵԺͽѵʲô𣿲Ǵ̫ˣۣԱϣСǳĳ˻ȥ

һºһɫ֮ϣҶڴ֮ڣ°ͣ¶֮ɫϾԶֶ飬˭鶼õġ
ΧڣҶɸո·ǸΪ·ϲûʲô飬Բûڶͣһ·ŵػɽȥ
ȻҶɸоеʶԼһɨ漴Լķ£Ҷɲüͷһ壬һĳ˼װ֮ϡ
λסµķۣʲô飿Ҷüͷһʵ
Ӱһۣһһòм֮ƺֵܣΪ߸ӿ˿ҶɣһУҶɣ
λʶҶĳҶɸо߲Ƶӣ漴ۣһĳ˰ա
һ磬ֵҪǵõħҲطҪİɣǶ˭ҵõ
ٺ٣ɲУô䳤ϣ£ֵܳأҲǸӣǽ°ףչһЩ׼½Ϲű顣߸ӵͷƺȫûаҶɷ
λħģҶһһǲµ˼֡
СӣǱʿֻҪ㽻ħǲΪ㣬Σ߸ӶҶ˵¶һ˿Ц
Ҷ˫ĿһУ˶˵棬漴°âһ˱ȥһĻö΢΢һ㶣漴¶Ц
ߣмӣ֣ӵȭԭزҶɸոսӽʱһȭ
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촫ʿֱ۵ѶȻûкǰǿ֮ε
Ҷɲûоʹֻ֣ͣŸ߸ͷһģɫ䣬˫һٵֵȥ죬˫۵ΪһѪҶ̧һߣصһǽ߸߷ɵԶ˫ͬʱѶ
ϵ¶ݣ߸סΣҶٴγȥһæųһשﻤڸ߸ǰҶɵһΣץסڽǰһն
صһ
שﱻһɣ漴кڽֶŰӼȥҶԸ߸ӳ֮ʣԶԶ־׼ʩչʲôͨ
ʩչͨԵУ̫֮ǿҵʵڲǶ֡߸зһ٣ͷХһһ޴ķ۶漴Ҷϯȥ
ǣʩչͨĻᶼûڽ֮Ϲϼһֶħ֮£Űһնȥ߲ɫһ䣬æٻվ
ҶͷѩƮ䣬һѩɫ޽۶Ƿһնȥ۵һǽ飬ѩ޽ȻСһȦȻܲŸ߸նȥ
Ȼɢ޵Ĺ̫ģʩչɶԵˣҶɸоʩչԯֱЩ˷ѷսǿߣҶΪʿǼǿĴڣУֱӾͶԯ
صһ죬߸ǰһƣǿĵס˰ѩ޽ҲǱǹɾĿ˲ѡ
ʱоâҶڷһɫٶޱȣԼһһƺһѼɫߣ֪Ǻֹͨ
ʶ֮㡭߸û뵽Ҷ׺̬֮ͨҲǿᣬֱԼƴʶԼֵ˶ԵУȻĴ
ɫâһ۵һû˸߸ӵĶͷ֮ڣ䲻һִ֮⡣
սİӣҲǱһâûڣ䵱ɫһף˫ֱͷо֮ƺҪɢӲҽһһЦϯڼС
һߣڵһ߸ȼ棬һɫ׻ȥҽжûǳ׵ɢͬһʱ䣬һЦӻΪһ߸ʬһöָ׸Ҷɡ
Ҷնɱ˿νɾ䣬ʱûϣһ˿öָ󣬽ɫ۷ųһķȥɫһģ֮£ʧ
ϣҶϥոռöֲָûʲôر֮󣬱Ȥȱȱ漴һٴγöָɷ嶴á
Ҳ֪ãҶ׵ľͽӡĨʶһֶ룬ǰöָڣмϡеĲ֮⣬ڲûʲôرĶϾһĵҶɲ
öָмҩǲҲǲ٣мöҶûü鿴Ȼɫһһ֮һСİԲε壬˴ָڡ


736 ֮ϲ
ҶһԲУ漴һгһԲ֮һС壬ԼһЩԲ塣
һƴȥȻ˿Ϸ죬·𱾾һһ㣬ļأҶɲ¶ϲ֮ɫȻʥħ֮
֮ûнȻеõ㡣ҶɵЦ˼֮ǰɽֶһɨգЩ
Ѱǧ˿޹ضһûû뵽Ȼջֻʥħ֮һʿУҶЩɻ
öָҶʯƵƣʯȺǾ߿ݹ֮Ϊֶ飬Ҷһ֮£ҲûпмöָĶϾһıҶʵϡ
Ǵ˷նɱ˼ˣָҶɴһʥħ˵ܱҶɷֵġ
ҶɰԲ²⣬ӦҲǵһλ𼶱ɽ֮ʱᵽʥħ㣬֮пзضҪȥѰ
Ҳпܱ׷ɱʥħ㣬֮ж˽ȥ䣬߿ݹǾп׷ɱˣֻЩ޷֤ҶҲȥ֤ΪЩԼ޹ϵ
Ҷϸؿ˿֮üͷΪȻ޷ﵽΪУµħ۾ǰʱɹġ
Ȼʱ޷ҲӰҶɿϲ飬˺һֽһŽС
ĬãҶ񣬼鿴˴ָֻһЩϱȣҶҲֻĲ鿴һ㽫жһ˷ռ䡣
Ҷдһ˿ϲ˫Ŀһճ˼Ƭ̣ǵƺʲôǿŷۣŵػɽȥ

ܵȵСӣһٻǰ׵ˣںɽԵĵӰ棬ʿʿ
λҪǺôΪ䳤ϣţҲĴѰÿ죬һײؽֵһ˵
ٺ٣»Сģ˶ԸЩСãҿϷԳȥתת˾Ϳ԰ôˣϷҪȥչֲϵġһ˵
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Ҳһ·ٺ٣ŵ׽Ķ飬Ľ͡Ц
ʱԶһɫ۷״ͬʱɫһʶһɨ漴¶ϲǵĺˣСӡԣ༸¶ЦһĽ
৵һһ٣Ҷɵڼװһ漴üͷһĿ˿·ˡ
λΧҶĳģҶɫһʵ
СӣϷ򱾲Ǳ֮ˣҲɱ䣬ԼħǷŹ㡣Ц
ҲͲҪˣеͷԵˣ¶Ǹ׳ա
ĳΪʿҿɲУǽնɱΪϾǶأºñĳ㣬һԺŹң
Ҷɿһһһ΢Цٺ٣ȻҪ֣ҲãҶĳպýǶοھгɣûʲôȻˣʵɡ
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һ𣬺ɫ΢΢һ𣬱Ŵһնȥ˼״ɵ˫ĿһУһߣ̧һ˦ʿǰųһѪɫ̽
صһ죬߸ײһֻڽ΢΢һųɫһϯ֮£ֶȥ״ź浹ɶֻ걻סˣû
飿ȻڤʹõĹ֮߿ǿźɫ򣬲ɵ¶̰֮ɫ
৵һɫһʿΪʬ׹䣬ǻΪֳֽܺƵĿˡ
ħȻʵķӡ壡ߺȻ˫Ŀһƺ˭ûںʿϾǿ䳤ϣ֮Ҳûʲô顣
飬ˣҶ˵꣬漴ңңһ㣬ɫƵľȻһ漴صһѶһ°͸°֮һСܺƵãǾһ
˾߰׹˫Ŀ˸ŵâƺһ˿һ㣬ָ˳ץһڰİɫУһŵ̡
ǣ˷ģһ֮С²˷ģ黰䣬ֳֺڽ߳ȥ˫Ŀһæջغɫ̽սһ
Щµӣɵ¶֮ɫ漴һһöɫѶţ俴˿һʿ
ȲסǾ߰׹ǣֻҪҽСնɱǰ׹˿Ҳû˹ȻҶɶԸһĴ㣬ֻǣûӴ˱ƺ͹
ֻǰ׹ְֳɫУ֮ʿǰУʿͷ­һնȥ
״ʿһΣһɫɽӭ籩ץУ漴ȫϷע֮ϵֵȥ
صһ
߸ոײһ׹Ǿбǽɫɽһѹȥնʿͷ­֮ϣԴݹ֮ƵһѪѶ
ŲƵԪӤҪߣֻ׹ſһ磬һźɫħϯʿԪӤУҽжδǱŹΪһ̵ʧںͺսʿ״ɵɫ䡣


737 ɱ
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һĻƣնɱʿУֻɫһûʲôȻ֪ǷҲ˼Ӳ
һΣֳֳһֻ޴һͺȣûȥֵ׹ǾУؿһҶȥ
صһ죬ؿڣֻһؿ˿ƶû£ûӰնİ׹ǾС
Ȼ˱̬ɫһ䣬æ˲ѣ漴ֵȥ
Ķһ֣׹Ǿ֮ϣ˫۵ѶСӶΪһƬѪյ˳ȥ
״Ҷɲһ֣߰׹õʵȻԼʥħڶ㣬ǵԼðʩչնɱߣԶԸ׹ãҲʱк齫ס
һҽд漴صһ죬ߵ֪εѶԪӤӺͷŵĺӣ漴ܺһٴ˺֮ڣ漴ǴЦ֮
Ҷ˫ĿһУԴӽߵɺ꣬ʵҲԽԽǿȻƵʿķ
ȻҲֻͨʿǻ˺߻սûˣ˼׷Ŵ
׹ñȻӲ֮׹ãԶԵ֮䣬ֶη࣬׹ǰ㱿׾һҪ˿Ʋſɹˡ
ϼһȱٴɫĿҶɣЩȵĿ˿ԶȻ֣ȴûߡ
ʱ׹ٴγǰһնɫ䣬˫һ֮£һ澧ӨƳǰ
صһ죬׹Ǿ޽նڶϣǹɾѹȵĳһİݣⰵĵɶصһײ˰ϣһƺߣѪĵɶĵƵ˫ٴαѶ
ڰ׼֮ʣٴβĵĿ˿ԶȻݹֶ״дϲͣסӶݵΡ
֮ʣֻһâԶ۵һû˰ؿڣ䵱ɫһףһҽе˫ֱͷоһըһ㣬Ժʹѡ
׹ǰһְֳ׹Ǿͷ­һն£صһ嵱ΪһƬѪԪӤûлָǣǱһźɫħϯΪһ̵Ļɢ
ǣ㻹ܣڴһЦűǴҽУ󣬺ںһбﴢָһĿҶɡ
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ʱԶĵݹϵһĻüͷһ壬ҲأʿӦö˰ŵĺõĶ½ض顣
ɱˣҲɱģͲҪˣߣһߵ漴һöŷԸоҶɵĹ죬û֮ǰ֪ͨ˸ˡ
ҶֻЦ￴ŶԷҲֹҲ𻰣ûܵ˼ػ˻֣鵱һЦϯǳŰ˹ȥ
׹кâһ˫һ̤գ߸ߵĳ˳˹ȥȻ֪õı̬֮ʿæֵֵãԱߵʿûг֣¶Ц׼Ҷɳ֡
أ
ʱ׹йкһնǽʿƵΪһѪɢգţ׹ÿħ棬ԪӤճһ̡
ʲôʿɫ䣬ոշӦǰ׹ǾѾͷն£Ҳķųһ˳ǹȥصһ죬ǹɵԶʿ˫۱Ѷ˲ѡ

񷸮
Ŀһڴſһϴż֮ɫϣȥפںɽϣȻλƶѱѶ
ʲôϷ򵱳Ը㣬ÿһλسϴ䣬һأ˺ܻɱӣɥΰŵģѵҪǵж
꼱æϣҿɶǰİţһ飬һ飬ÿһ鶼ϴӣ˵νÿһֻһˡ
ŶѵЩ䳤ϼħ̰֮ǵ˶ˣСôնɱʿü
ͲˣκϢûдѾ֪ͨ飬һͬȥ·ص㣬ô£˸ҷˮİҲԽƽϢ˵
úã˷ˮĿԲ󣬱ϾЩǻϤĺôⱳǵģпСʹùƸƣһȥӻɱСˡ˫Ŀһе˵
ǺãȥƸ۲죬һϢ֪ͨϡ˵껰Ҫת뿪ʱһڵӻŻŵ˽
λϣˣϵȺѣڵ˵꣬Ǽæ˳ȥƺڴ˵ضһ̡
ʲôʮˣʿʿòһصСӣѵѾ׵˰أһɲŭһ
ĬƬ̣ڵϣҪҪȥһЩˣ
ˣˣʮʿԸھȫȥʿҲ˶࣬СҲûסָ̻侲
ǣ֪ͨʦ棿ص
ϰ˰֣̾ϢʦԸʥħϢ鲻Ҫȥ˼ңʦΪϹű׼ǲҪȥˡ
ҲգϾǲʧ˶ѣȲҪȥǸСħͷֻҪлעһĶãʦغ֪ͨʦ°ɡ
СӣѾܶԸˣΪħһ㣬ǾԲܳΪԵʯ˶˲ŵٶǡ

Բߵʱ򣬺ڻϲصĴɨս׹ڱҶҶɲû뿪ڵϥ
Ҷɵ뿴˶˰£ҲûпһӰҶɲһջһĿ˿һƬǽĵ棬̤ڽŵػɽȥ
ºҶɵγ˵ػɽڣصۣƲԶˣƷƣʲô
Ҷѣˣ˷ջΣƲԷ±յһƣҶҲûм⣬˶ԡ
лλǹңֻǧ˿ѾժȡʹãҪˣҶȻõʥħջСϵʧҲװģϾĿѰǧ˿÷ܰ
ԣüͷ΢壬漴˿Ʋԣ΢΢˵ͷڵҶҲ̫ѹڽװأһ˿õǧ˿ġԣҶɲɫһ


738 Ϲű
˵ЦˣҶĳսزʮʱ䣬ûĻԵĪ˵꣬ʮҲһ׵֮ġҶҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ҳεĵ˵ͷڵҶѸˣ˵ʲôԵģ۳ɰܣһԱãƲҲ̾ϢӦһ
ˣѵ˼طǧ˿Ϊ֮ǰûи֪ҶĳģҲ˳·ȥѰһ˷ʱ䣬÷ӵơҶɻ
˵ɣҡҡͷҶɽĿ˰ƲԵϡ
Ҷѣģ÷̫أʵڲʱ䣬Ե㾡ȥɽѰǧ˿ϾʱԽѾͷԽ
һǧ٣ȥҲûпҪȵܿǸط쳣ɲһССɽܱģΪȥʵڲ֮١Ʋɫ֣ص˵
ָ֪ʲôطΪΣգ֪ܷȥҶɿʵ
ҶӦ֪ϹűɣƲԷһ䡣
ϹűһܵأҶһȻﲻ˽⣬һЩΪʵˣһٶЩ˽⡣
˵ص˵ҲϤϸһҶɸ˵ƣ漴ֶһ
ƲԷ±յͷҲãϹűڼǲܵضʥأҾ͸ҶѽһȻĳûнȥ֪ޣƲԸҶɽǲʱĲ伸䡣
˵Ϲűлþͬ伸Գһ磬ޱߣһΣĵطҲ֪Ϲű˶£Ҳûκν֮ƽʱȻ޷ȥΪ˵һַ֮
ֵֻҪϹű淢ǵһ֣εòȴûһܼס̫࣬Ȼһͬʧļ仹Щĵطֻû֪Լʲô
˵ϹűԽ챦˵пܵõһЩϽܣȴûκθ֮Ҳû˷ĻԵһ㵹Ǻ֡
ϹűΪľʵԵкܶ࣬ΣҲкܶ࣬еϹűڵĽƻΣеʿС
ʥؿȥףܳûм˭Ҳ޷ȷʥض꿪һΣÿο֮ǰЩɽһЩ˽ǰɷ֡
ÿϹűʱΪ꣬ʱһǽȥ˶֮ܵų⣬ԶͳʿѰҳڡ
ҶɳĬƬ̣֪ϹűΪʲôƣ
Ϊûκƣ˶ԽȥΣ֮أĪ˵ɽɣŽ¸ҽʥصļûС
ʿҲûмҽȥģϾΣ̫࣬˽ƣҲһùʿɱ˶ᱦƲص
ŶΪĶ˽룿ֲðǰ˵ҶĳܷڽװأֻֿԼûС
ҶĳЩɻ󣬼ȻϹűޱߣɽ˵ֻʿ˶λֻʣˣҶĳоǵļʵڲ󣬼ͬ׵ĿԶǺܸߣҲϹűΣˡҶ˵
΢΢һЦٺ٣ҶѣϼһϱۣԼһ˺µĻۣϵȷֻˡ
ǸϷжϣһЩ϶ûȫ䣬ʧٲʬףˣп񻹴һֱĳܵĵطˣ͵Ϲűء
Եʥħ㱻Ԫ۶ߣɽ۴´׷˹ȥº˲֪伣
˻ɹѾ֣֮ɽһЩ֣˽壬ϳɱﱻ˹Ϸ֡
۵Ĵָڤ˹ȥһ·׷ɱڤսڼٴʧ
ڤŵĴָһɢ֮ã㱻˷ɱ˽䴢ָһûħ֮еֻڤһЩص䣬˸ûʲôá
Ӵˣʥħ֮ʧҲûгֹҲпܾĳϣû֤ݣҲûɱ¾ɽȴѾͿ̿
ԣڳ˻ϣٻ˲ʬףͬ˵ǰ㣬ǶʲôطչءƲüͷһ˵
ԣҶһû뵽ʥħ幦˴ĶңԼɷУ߰׹ǣһ߾Ӧᵽʥħ幦ԪۣͶ·ң߰׹ǣӦǰȥ׷Լ´ϡ
ֻ۵Ĳף֮ڤħҲǼԩᵽڤŴָʿЩ˶Ĳף˵Լûʥħ壬Ҳš
ҶĬԼõʥħ㻹Щңԯ½ϣӦ֮ʲôطõʯпԼ֪ʲô;
ѣȻڣ˶λҲϹű棬ҸоǵļҲ󣬶ΪͬףҶĳϱûʲôġҶȻ²⵽Ѿ䣬˽ڣȴǲû˵
ҡҡͷڵҶѣɽ֮ˣʮĻȷ󣬲̫СϹű⴦ʥˡ
ԣҶһ㶣漴оâһڵѵ˼п˵ɽ磬һϹű
ٺ٣Ҷѣ֮뵽ɽҲףϾͨ˫ӡѴͨģ˽ϹűҪͨɽ硣ƲЦ
ŶѵҲϹűҿʱ䶼һҶɵһ£ϹűԽ
ͷЦ涼ϹűнϹűͬһҲпǸ棬Ϲű֮ϣֻǴҵ޴ӿ֤
ʱϹűĲɽ硢ħ硢޼硢ɽ硢硢硢˾ڤ硢޽磬Լ֮һЩܣֻҪɽͬ磬ʿУԣϹűŻ˴ΣΪҵȰΪұ֤Ա֮


739 
ʲôȻ˶Ľ棿˶٣ҶɺȻڵ֪һЩɽ磬磬漫ܷ˽Ϲű
ٺ٣ǵСȥֻɽͬĽſԣˣȻʱûǧ˿ܰѾͷҵȱʩټӹһ·ӡ󼴱õǧ˿ܰѾͷɢ޷Ρص
ãλˡҶ˵껰˶ȥ÷ܰھңƲʩӡּӹһ˵ֵܷ󣬻Ҫ÷ܰ־Ϊˡ
ҶҲûʲô취Ͼ³Ϲűûطǧ˿ҲֻܵȵˣһҶɱǻصԼľϥ
ϴνصڲżʮʱ䣬ڽװأûʲôϣ˵Ϲűʿ϶٣ǿ߶̤㣬ΪȥȷвСΣաҶ˵꣬̾Ϣһ
ڶһ磬صҶھңҶѣĳֻʣһö˽ٵҲ͸һţʱʣ޼ܷװأͿԼ컯ˣ㣬㰲ıչá
лѣҶҲûʲôӹƿ˼֮Ǳ뿪˾ңҶЩĿԶ˽ٵ䲻ɽ֮УҲǼѰģ˼Ƭ̣Ҷɽҩ𣬱ǱĿ

һ󣬱ݣ
˴λڱĴʮǰڱĵش֮һ˷ǣĻһЩݷ
ȴЩɽչصľŽظ߽ףƵĳݣǶһЩ߽ʿҲ׷ݿ£
ΪϹűڣݣ
Ŀǰһĳǳء³ǣĳֵϣһʿ˿һ꣬ڵѣϹűڼҵһЩɢ޲Уһǿ߻пӱıǮ
¬Ȼ˽Ϲűǽȥˣᱻ͵ͬλãǼӣҲܷͿԼıˡһ˵
ʲô˵ĻֻҪǲɽ⼸Ϲûʲôġ
Ϲű˽⣬˵ȥˣɲɽ磬ǡΪ꽲
³ſڣʱؽһŽʿʿżҲг֣Ǻܶ࣬׷̽Ϲű顣
ĳƵĽ£һӰ󣬱űݷȥ
򣬶ĳС֮ϣӰУһϹű飬һŰ߷ɶݶȥ
ǵ
ϣ˷Ϲűسȫ룬һפأĳڣһ꣬һ˵
һͷ׷Ŀ飬ȥɷӣǲϱ֮սӴϣۺ룬ڵ治Ը£ҵȲòһЩפǵɣȥ֮һ˲μϹűˡ
ƹ
ϣسϣ˷׼ɶ˽룿òʦһ£ų˵
أʦǷͬ·һǰźŵ飬ҪʦĵģΪǵǰң֮һפرá˵꣬˵ͷ
ͬһĻɽţɢޣǴСֻҪǴﵽ˾Žصʿ뿪֮أűݷȥ

󣬵ػɽ
һɫԵһĺȻűжȥ۴ˣǣƲԣҶɣ
ҶѣļȻûнףǸϵһξ룬˵·Ͻװصġ΢Ц
ǵҲҪһЩʱգ˵ҶҲл׵ġƲָ˵ơ
ҶԿЦѣλͲҪοҶĳˣһʱȥˣҶɳΪЩ˿ûион׵Ŀܡ
İɣϹűǧ˿ĻҲᾡժȡһġƲЦЦ
ҶɶյҶĳɽ϶λҶĳ֮£һҶĳλѣ˵껰ҶɶƱ漴һ
Ƿ±յҶѿˣܽύԵ֮ˣҵҲһ£Ǻǣ˷ϹűܽΣҶһҪСġ
ϹűɻһЩʲôĽɣҶȻ˽֮࣬ǰŶ˽һЩ
ɵûʲôҶҪΪǧ˿Ҫʿͺãϸ߽ףܶ㣬ЩΣյĵطҲҪ̰ñԵӲص˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷ㲻ǿڣԼҲ˽Թѣ÷ڵػɽӦò°ɣ
ĺˣĳĶ˭׽ȥģˣ£ҵǿԸǶ˽һ˵°ӦҲġ˵꣬΢΢һ㶣ǰ߱ǿڽ
ݴԣϹűغƽ⣬һʿһ˵Ϲű֮УϽ綼ۺ
Ҳûܽ⿪ܣҲ֪Ƿ类˵õһֱڵȴԵˣ˵˵һ֣缴䡣
ȻϽ֮ĶıҶһ˵Щ̫ңԶˣˣλɼɽ֮˷Ͻ磿֪Ͻ羿һĴڣ
ǻζбյ˫ĿһеĵϽ磬Ī˵ûҲû˷硣
һҲָʮǰˣҲ൱ģϰǰҲһ
ҶȲҪЩˣⱭƣҲ㣬ȥɣڽϹű֮ǰ׾Žٰ֮ҲӼֱʵƲɫһ˵


740 Ϲű
һ󣬶³ϵʿ׷׶ߣǳҲðҲ֪ȥҲû˹Щİʿȥ
ݣϼ壡
һа֮ޣ羵һƽ⻬ˮתĹĻڸ߿գʱŰâɫϼԺӦɢһϣʥΪӴѹ
˴ɽϹűڣ
ϼܣŰˣ󲿷ǾŽΪŽΪ޼ΪĵһûС
ӰһԵɢһӴѹԶһĿţƺǡƲԡҶˣ
ȺҲвɢ޵ֻΧ۵٣ʮңֱǵ
ʱһݹԶٶ֮죬ֻǼģ֮£ǳϼ帽ݹһһŽֶ˫üŭһϢֲ
μʦ棡˿ߣæһ
δһۣ˫Ŀ΢еĿ˿Ʋڷ΢ЦصۣƵۣǧ겻
ҵȼķΪһϢȣƺʲôͨĳȹϲˡǿڵ
ƲЦЦ۴˷չ֮ãΪϹű׼ջ㣡
һλˣˣСӿ죿նɱ೤ϣ˵ãϷӦóֽѵһ
ۻǲҪСǵˣ˵ĳǵҲδĳǲҲƽ˵
㵱ҪСӣ˫üһ˵
аĳǻûȿڣƲԱ΢΢һЦ˵
˫Ŀ΢Ŀ˿ˣһâ˸漴ٺ٣ϷҲֻ˵˵ˣһϹűϣҲɣٺ١˵껰һһʿ˫ĿһյĴ
һºһɫݹԶ˵о¶ߣݹһһ˰գȥɫЩһ
۾͵ٺ٣ۿ˿꣬΢Ц
ߣȲϼһսûʲôƣһֱչ񣬿Ϊ˴˷Ϲű˲׼۵ĺЦ
һûһţ֮˽ιɽλˡ
صۣƵۣۣۣɽģϴϹűɽнǧ˽룬𼶱Ｘʮֻ֮࣬ʣλ
ǰɽ˲ŵ㣬һǰ򣬿ɽԵֵһʿ̾Ϣ
º½мӰ˶û̫⣬ʱһīɫԶ˲̧ͷȥһģ֮£ǳϿա
৵һ
һŻ۵ķ꣬Լһ۵꣬ڷһ£漴۱һϢֲ
ۣۣǶ˾Ȼûۿ֮󣬺ȻЩԾ֮ɫ
ٺ٣ôۺϣϼһ𣿡ЦЦ漴Ƕˣɵ˫ĿһУصۣƵۣ겻
λѱƲԸ˴һк漴뾰ۿ˿ֻۣǼ򵥵Ľ̸˼䣬Ҹط
λˣʧ٣´ҶΪˣ±ãˣ֪λδյһģü΢ʵ
ٺ٣Ͳ۷ˣϹűİɣ֪ġ꾰΢Ц
صۣ˵λСѵħ֪ɷóҵȲιһʱۺȻ˵һ䣬˵ͬըһ㣬׷¶̰֮ɫĶҶɡ
ٺ٣Ҷڲ㣬ͬԣһе뿪Ϲű˵١üͷһ˵
뾰۶ˣ˫Ŀ΢ĿҶɣ¶ЦһµļĿһЩΪ֮ˣ˼֮ɫ˽
º󣬸߿ϹűںȻͬˮһŰâ˸Ҵһ֮ɢѹҲԽԽ
һ£ɴСĹĻģȻһȭͷСɫУתҲԽԽֱӻΪ߰ʮҡ
ಣ
ʱһЩӰԾϼ帽Ǿ޴У۵ҲǷɵա
кһ֮Ҷ˫Ŀһ˿ǵУ˽һ֮˶ݹһ𣬱Ƿɵ˰УӰ½𣬲һṦ򣬵ϱǿտյ
ҶѣϹű֮ҵȶɢĪ˵ǶˣǼϹļҲ󣬲֮˵ļʿɲСһСġ˵
лҸ棬ǶλҲҪСģټҶɫص˵
ٺ٣˵ҲģȻʺСûлᣬǰҲûгֹԲһҪټġƲЦЦ
ҶĳʧˡҶ΢΢һЦ
һɫ˰֮ޣ洫һɹɿռ䲨ȥһƬȻ֪ͨϹűҲɵ¶֮ɫ
ٺ٣λϣǻڴ˵ĻɽԽԽˡۿ˿ͬףɫȻ˵
ƺҪ˵ЩʲôȻɫһ৵һһɾ޴ϹűڴֻںȻųϼ̼ǽС
˵ҲǲнӽŹϼһĽʧ˵ӰҲ֮ʧƬռҲÿտյ


741 
һŨܵĹڣһſͨ飬ʱһĨâȥһ㡣
һЩģʵӰƮְգ˫Ŀ΢գ˫ƽ죬Χһſīɫ㣬ģӰ۶ȥ
ͨϼ˸ʱɢɫ㣬ƺǱģӰȡһ㣬ɫԽԽ࣬ӰҲԽʵһϢҲøӴ
ϣһɫӰϥ˫Ŀ΢еĿŰеӰ¶ϲ֮ɫˣǽϹűҶɣеģӰڴ˵ȡľϹ
պģӰɫԽԽ٣漴ͷˣ˵ľѾϡٻطɡ
ǽƬľȫȡԻû֣ʱұľˣҵʵҲ
Ŷ㹦ЧϧпռȻľŨȴܵлþ֮Ӱ죬˵ֻоŽڲܽҰȻ
ĻҲһͬȡЩľǿԼռԪ޵֮вСİȷ֮ﲻŽپ޷档ҶЩϧ˵
ˣϹű˷ʱңѾмˣĲϹм
޷ʱ䣬ҲЩʱյģ㾡ȡɣҶ˵꣬ϹԶȥ

һƬĺϿգһɫͷ綷һԶ̽ǣª׳˶ޱȣȥ׶񣬲˲ĹĿԶ
ֻһ˶ߣƣͬĺ꣬˫Ŀ΢еĴŶԷޣߣ벻һˣ޽Ĺ
˾ڤҰʵͬף֪ʲôǰҿնɱһͬ׵ɽʿξ㣡䣬׶âһŶԷ˹ȥ
ߣһӣһƵ״һӭ籩»ΪСֻǶ޸καһȭϡ
صһ죬׮ﱻײɣҲǵŵŵŵĵ˺üǱа֮ƺһûʲôЧ
ʲôһ֮ȻǿñɶԵСɫһ䣬ӦǸɴ࣬ҪߣֻǶưոݣһ׷ȥ

һɽϿգһΪʿԪӤӶݣȻ䣬ͷһħһ֮½У֮£ǽǵԪӤ
һһħͷ۵ħ˰գߣͬ׵С֮ǲһ
ӷħݵò񣡡һݹԶһŽɫĵУȥüĿһֻɫȣһϢҲΪ
֮ˣħмǿͷ­Ե˵漴оâһֱ̧ĳһƣһֻСĺɫӡڰ۶ɣ˹ȥ
ֻ߲ŲæȣϽâţǺɫӡ̼Ǳɫϼ˺飬ƺǱһ㡣
ãͺ¿Ȼҵħޣħﻰδ䣬ǶݹһҪӣܺȻ˸ɹϼħ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ɫȻΪʮɴСħͷһҶȥ

һԭϿգһֻգ˫΢΢ɿΧɫ쭷ѣƺֻҪԸ⣬˲ɵκһطϾ˵ޱȵġ
棬һֻʮֻ޴Ĵ֣ڰػζѣĵλѣɽˮ壬Ȼ磬ħǰٻͬ࣬αҪң
޴ҵЩͽϴͷģʱǶûеĶһ̸ͬ࣬δ䣬˫һһëͬаļˮֵҽУֿĹ

ºҶһƬڼͷ˿֣¶һ˿΢Ц漴ݹһ𣬾ϢԶɶݶȥ
Ҳ֪εأûκ꣬äĿȥҵǧʵ̫ˣҶɵ̾Ϣʱ䣬Ҷɲ̫ȡ
ʮպҶɶݼ䣬Ȼüһǰһĵķˣڵ𣬿Ҷ֮붼Զɶݶߡ
ӦǷʿͬΪΪôֵûУɴӵˣҶЩȻ֮ɫתһ룬ҲȻ˼֡
Ϲű˶ӵĵطõıʽˣͬױֱԶݶߣҲҪͻͽײܳʲô
ͬҲûֵˣһЩԼͬе֣Ͻ¶ӵǿߣһ㼴ʹͬףҲɱ˶ᱦıǮ
Ͼ룬㲻УͬǰûģǰҶ֮ˣĽ㲻϶Ĵڣ򼴱㲻Ҷɳ֣Ҳתܵġ
Ҷûйᣬ˿֮ߵķѡһɶܶȥҶɿɲڱ
ºҶɵӰȻһ٣ԶԶĸӦǰ򶷵ĲϢһǰӽ־һڶ֣׼ȷ˵䲢ǹޣһֻҶû뵽ﻹɽ塣
ǣˣ˾ڤһֻԶԸúɣҶɵԺУ˺
ԣҶɫһ΢΢˵ͷ漴ݹһ𣬱Ǻε˽սĵطȥֻҶɵ˶ǰʱΪѾֻɣֻʣ˸ɱ厯׹¡
û뵽ȻѵΪǷ֮ˣߣƵ˵꣬Ҷһ˶


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ߣҶһߣ漴һһâϺƣһֶֻ
ǣСӸүҵƷɣ䣬ֻصһ죬״ײںڽ֮ϣߵϵа֮ƺǰıûп֮ЧЩɻ
˿룬ۼź˹䲻Щ֮ɫʲôǽ飿˵Żצźһץȥ
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뵽Ҷһһâವһֻͷһ漴¶Ц
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ɫſһ磬ɫ׻緲˼¶֮ɫʲô飿ã
һɫ׻ϣܺɢÿһ׻ϵʱƤᵱɢ֮ðһ̡
˿ûжֵҶɣо֮ɫŨ붼ıҪߣϽɫһһɫ׻ǽ˶սĵطΪһƬ׺·ϣЩ׻ȴ˺顣
ǣСɵòǣͱˡ˵꣬кâһħצץҲƴͼ򵥵޷ѣܵ׺ԽԽ
ۼʱ򣬺һתһ֮£ڽವһ˻漴ðںһסڽ֮С
ʲôʲô˵еķӡ壿һҽУǱڽУнɫһ֮󣬻صҶɵڡ
Ҷɽڽ֮󣬿˿ǰѺƵ״˴ڣ漴ݹһ𣬼ǰɶݶȥ

һºҶһƬɽϿͣһȦ󣬱ɽ֮ȥƬɽоһּŨҩ㣬Ӧʲôҩֲꡣ
һ䵽ɽȣҶɷְвŴ򶷺ĲӦֻҪ壬ժȡҲһɽõꡣ
ףҶԶԶطһ갵ɫֲ꣬ϽһöɫϴһɼŨҩ㡣
벻˵׾һöѪι̲ԪǶһ޶ٺ١Ҷȡһ֧У֮ڡ
Զһֻɫֲ꣬ɫȥԲͣаԼŨɽ嵹òϣ֮ϴ
Ҷûڴ˷ʱ䣬ժȡҲҲ˶һʲôһ֪;Ʒ֣ݹһ𣬱ɽ˹ȥ
ʮչҶ½½ժȡ˶ʮɽ纱꣬һЩŨҩĲ֪ҩ˷ջķᡣ
¸£ȻһСӣϱ㵹ùʱԶһһɫ˲ĹԶ
壿Ҷ˫Ŀһûߵ˼ΪԷΪϢԼӣ൱Ϊ
ҿ྿ʲôöٺ٣һ䣬ޱǶݹһҶһ˶
״Ҷ˫ĿһУȭ֮£޵ȭͷصײһ𣬰еصһ졣
Ҷֻ˫һֱ۴֮Уŵŵŵĵʮಽ֮࣬ǵסΣһȻ֮ɫĿҶɡ
࣬Ȼһǰס岻壬֮ǰǿˣȻһ˵꣬âһٴҶɳ
״ҶɫϼһһͺȣæȭֵȥصһҶɵͬߵķݰ㵹ɶдһƺߣɫ΢΢ףг֮ɫ
ףȫһ㶼ܲ壿СӲãҿֶܼã˵꣬âԽԽʢһɹȵɢ
Ҷһֻ˵޽ʿһǶȽǿҶҲû뵽ǿزһǰһжӲͻᱬ塣
뵽Ҷзæâһһ°͸°͹ǵڶ޾ĿУҶɺȻΪһźɫۼףͷɫǵħ
ħ壿ףԣʲô֮ΪħϢѵħͷѪĹҾ֮˵껰һ֣ٴҶɳ
Ҷ˫Ŀһȭ֮ͬһ䶯ѣ漴һȣŶһȭ
صһ졣
һŴĿȭͷ֮䱬ֲĳ˵󷽣ݣд֮ƺռ䶼ڲ
ޱʮԶſסΣҶڰ˾ԶסΣӼʩչʥħ壬ҲֻǱȶԷǿһߣⲻҶЩ
һ֮Ȼ鴫Ҷص
徹ȻʵȻ´۽磬֮ͨҵǿ壬ʱһãķȻ޷֧֣ٺ١Ц
ƺˣɽʿȻ֮СΪǲǵһ厯壬ҶĳʶһɽͨԱϣҶɵѩƮ䣬һѩɫ޽γɡ
ߣһйһǿ֮£Ϊޣ˵껰һЦǵȭŰѩɫ޽ȥ
¡¡һ죬аâĽѩƮ㣬ԯɫ޽ȻԵ֮һȭı鲼ѺۣѶҶɵ˫Ŀһɽʱֱ̬ʵ


743 
ٺ٣˵һͨһǰΪޣͲҪ׷ѡ޻û˵꣬Ȼֱѿİѩ޽֮ڣһâһ±ûԼȭͷ֮ڡ
޺Ȼ˫ֱͷɫ԰ײѣҲͬһʱ䣬ҶɵһΣɫС
޴ħֳֺڽ°âһЩͣ˫ֱͷɫŤĶͷһնȥ
صһ졣
ڽâ˸ƾǶȥӦǱҶһͷ£նΪ룬ڽâһһֶ֮˽֮ڣ޵ֿ֮ԪӤǱ
ǣȫʵеǿߣ̫ˣһĿЦ
Ҷɿ˿޵ĲһĵܽһЩͨ٣ҶĳǸˣȻСЩçܹģ岻ܶҲвʱΣˣٺ١
صڱҶ˶޵ĲҶҲûҵʲôҶɲɣѵһĴӲʩչ﹦Ǵ˲֪ԭûУ
ʱƿһһֻСİ׺ԶɢǿѹҲһ൱Ϊ塣
ɽ壿Ҷɼ״û̫⣬Ҫ׼ѰҩȻüһԶ˿漴˵Զݶߡ
ոշɵ˵صİ׺׿ҶɱӰһۣ˰¶֮ɫԵСͬϷ治Ҷ֣ߵҲãٺ٣ԼѰ
޴İ׺¿ոȥڵצһץ漴Ǹ߸߷צǳһݣ漴˿о׽
һṦ򣬰׺׺оâһȻת׿˿ǰҶķһСĺɫŴ˴Ʈɢһֲּѹһ𼶱Ϲֻǲ֪ĸġ
ʲô׺׺Ȼ˿Ҷܵķ򣬾ײĵʶ֮ȻǿǰϹδ䣬׺˫һȣԶɶݶȥ
ʱܣ㲻̫ɽСԶһɳƵĹЦźһֲּٶȣŰ׺׽ӽһṦ򣬱ǽС

ʱô򵥣ҪжʵֻҪΣĸӦ㹻ټԶ˵ʶǰΪġ
ȻЩʱԷӽĻͬһҲѷ֣Ҳû뵽Ҷɵʶ֮ǿᣬǰ׺þͱȽԩˡ
һƬԭϿգҶɲûκͣһɶҹڼת˺üη򣬱Ͼ޷ȷϹǷ׷ҶɿɲҴġ
ַɶ죬ҶɲԼһЩٶȣ̷˼Żָĵҩ̤ڽϢϢҲ˼£Ȼ˻ٶȣҶҲøʱ䣬Щ
һתۣҶɽϹűѾ߰˸µʱ䣬һǧûеõҲ֪ԼΧģϹűͲΧġ
£ҶɺȻͣǰԶһɸߴʯϼ򵥵ĵ֡£
Ҷܹظоʯ͸¶һֹ϶ɣϢʯ֮󣬸Ǵһɱ֮ԼЩҵԪƺ˴սһ㡣
ҶϸӦǷһֲɣϢ˸ոմս˵Ǻܾúܾǰ˴սԪ
£ѵһڹսĴڣ˵սģ֮ˣ˵Щ˵е¾ֵˡҶ˼˵
ʱҶɿһݹԶԶԶĿһҶɣ漴ǳ£ģ֮ʧӦһ֮ˡ
Ϊ˵ӣǶЩϤѵӵɽ֪ܣҶüͷһ˵漴ݹһ𣬱˹ȥ
Ҷɶһ߷ɶݣʶһɨţʲôΣգҶ·Ǿ޴ʯ֮ʱкȻһ˿η壬ҶҲûж룬ǳ׵Ľ·Χڡ
أҶʯһ࣬ң֮⣬òֻΪһʯΪ磬ԪȻ˴
±ԵҶɶݶȥоɱ֮Ũƺǰǧڻ찵صɱţնȾ˺ɫ
þҶɺȻ˫ĿһУо߾Ȼ˴ƺǰ־Զߣ·һ㡣
¾ʲôطǶҲϤֻϧɽ䣬һЩǰ˵֪һЩҶ˵ŻǰһƬɽȥ
Ƭ̺ҶɳһɽϿգңǰɽ壬Щɽббĵ˵ϣеľʯɽֱıһΪϸЩ׵ľ޿ӣӴ󣬼ҶҲûʵܽǱ
ǰһЩ֮ʿڴ˴򶷹Ҷɻ䣬ȻԶʿƺһȻ߶ʿҶɿû˿ӽ˼һΪ޽ʿһΪħ壬ǺöԸġ
Ƭ̣Ҷ׼ƵһԣȻоһǿϢɳ۶ͷһһŽɫĵķ֮ˣֻ΢΢ɨһһۣʿȥǼ֮󣬱ҡҡͷȥ
գ˾ȻϢ˳̶ȣʿȻ£ҺûзͻһЩʿöԵͽ׳֣ǶıﶼûϣӦиõĶҶ˵껰ǲͣϢһ漴ƹǶĵطȥ
һºҶһƬɽϿգüͷ΢壬ǰһħͷħ壬¶֮ɫĿҶɡ


744 ħ
Ҷɿ˿ܣָûʲô֮󣬽Ŀħħϣ漴һһźɫ˰ա
ߴħ巢һЦС࣬ҵħ廹־ܣǾֻñԶˣ¸£
صһ
ʱɫȻҶһϼ˸󣬺Ȼһְֳ׹Ǿеãâ˸ƺʰ㾧Ө
׹øһ֣кâ˸̤ħǰ׹Ǿбնȥ
ߣħȻǿӲҲܱģħһߣĿǾһۣһΣһѪɫ޽Уֱ̧Űɫеֵȥ
صһ죡
ħֱֻһ飬бЩɣӴǵŵŵŵĵ߰˲סΣ۰׹ãֻ˫һΣǰȻ漴ٴħ
ʲôȻǰ߾Ԫ֮ħȻЩ⣬û뵽ҶһʿӵаʿһΪֱʿͺˣЯ֮
صһħٴ׹ƴһ˲ѣоâ˸صĶҶɡ
Ȼ䣬佫Ѫɫ޽գִ̧һһ𣬰Ѫâ죬ȻһѪꡣ
Ҷüͷһ壬һÿһѪڻϣһðһֱ̣ʴµӡۣѪ飬ҶɵĻҲҡҡ׹ƺԵֿѪĸʴ֮
ǰ׹кâһһͮͮĹ֣ƾѪϣȴƺûʲô˺·𲻱ǹɸʴ֮һ㡣
ħ巢һЦҪʩչʲôȻһžžױ֮ҶȻһɫ׻γһɫ׼ףѪϣһΪһ̵ʧ
ʲôʲôͨô֮ħȻȣжͣ任ѣѪɫϼ˸Ԫһ󲨶ȻѪһγһߴѪɫܡ
˿ܸһ֣ǵһѪɫУط̤֮շһ죬Ű׹óȥ
أص죬ֻվһѪɫ·磬ĸʴ֮ƺ߲ǻ˵İ׹òû̫в
ߣǱסһʱƬ̣㻹ʲô취Կħ廰δ䣬æҶɳȥϾѪɫޣħȡҪʱڻɱҶɣֻҪһǱҲûκв
״Ҷ˫ĿһУһ֮£ڤɻ꽣УۼħҶ˫ֳֽħͷ­һնȥ
Ҳʲôֻ˫һΣֱϱǺâ˸ֱһԺɫ״ƺƽһ㣬ħֵȥ
صһ졣
ĽҶֻ˫һ飬βĵʮಽħֻǵĲסΡ
ףСӣ벻֮Ȼ֮ǿһ֮ûнٵҲֻѹƣδ䣬ħâһħһħ׳ϣȥݣ˱
Ҷһʶ֮ŵڹעȥһԪпγɣۿħӽҶüͷһ壬漴նһ
ħֱ̧һţǷһâҶָ⼤۵һûħڡ
Ȼ䣬ħһ𣬽ţһѼɢ̼ǽǵâɢǹɹħγһεı֮
ߣڱǰó׳󣬿ǲ˽ħġİأԱϣħڵһȼһħ棬漴Ҷɳ˹ȥ
ǺεȻƵļսǧ˿ҪأҶȻɻ󣬵˿룬âһһˮתħжֲҶҲ˿˺
һȣҶֳħħͷ­һնȥڽӽħԶʱǹȻΪһɳһҶķʽҶɵһ˴룬䲻һ״νӴħνû뵽˹죬˵ǿᡣ
أ졣
ħ˫ȭҵײ˺ڽ֮ϣҶɵǱײˣǹɹ֮£ҶɾȻյ˲Сѹƣħһȭɣɫ԰׵Ҷɵһƺߡ
зһ䣬Ҷâһ漴ǻΪһźɫۼףͷϳһֻɫǵľ޴ħ
ʲôͬ壿ǣֱ֮ѵ롮ħ硯λкιϵħ嵱¶ݣҶȻһħĻ֮ϡ
صһ죬һһŴĿϼħ֮ǰռϷ֮ҶѹƵĵŵŵŵ߰˲֮࣬סΣҶɱٴ׷˹ȥ
ħֻܻ죬ռƺΪһƬ𺣣ţԲ̼仯Ϊ
ħ岽֮ʣֻصһ죬Ѫɫ˵Ѷ׹âһħȥ
ãħҲ޷ס֮ǰĴݣпռʵܵѹƣǱ̬ԼԵֿ䲻֮ģ漴ݹһԶԶرܿҶ׹ãԶɶݶȥ
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һױ֮ħǰȻһɫ׻ϴħ岻˫ĿһҲ֪ʩչһѼĹٴγ֡
ɫ׻һӽ֮ʱܼʣ޼ħȻֵס˾ɫ׻ȴҲǱƵٴ˻صпռ䡣
Ȼ죬֪ģ֮ƣЩͬʵЩֲҶüͷһĿħ壬


745 
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ΪħˣǺ飬׹ãɫҶһԿѹħʵ˴˳֮£Ҳֻܴ¡
ҶȻĲСϴս࣬ҶɸоϴλҪʥħѳϾʩչҲƵħҶԴսֻǿúĥħʵ
պҶɱЩƽɽȻ£Ϲű֮ڣ֮оۼԽԽˣһ˷֣Ҷɵ֮󣬿»Σա
Ƭ̣Ҷɾòȥ漴֮кȻ۳һֻС漴ħ塣
ȻӲǺɣصײħǰһ֮ϣһŴĿѶ
ţһѩ޽ڰȻ۳ħңңһնͬһʱ䣬ת֪ͣʱתƵħֳħѩ޽һǰһնħ壬ǳû٣ͷһˮ״ϸľɫ׻ħ޴ɶ㡣
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Ȼ䣬׹кâһƺӵʲôһ㣬һģĳħ󣬾׹ǾУͷ­һնȥ
ħ嵱¶ݣ̧˫Űһصһ죬ʧȥħħ壬˫۵׹ÿֲľıѶ׹ǾһǽħӴһնΡ
ǣүħӤʲôоȻ䣬һЦâһһʮɴСĺɫţħУ׹öû⡣
أҲ֪˶ãֻ¡¡һ죬׹õɶһĲҽУ漴ǺЦ
ȻһʶǣħӤζʵ̫ζˡЩζĽк漴ܺɫһ¶˺Ӱθɱħŵ׹ȥ
״ɫ԰׵Ҷ΢΢˿漴붼ĳ򣬽бȻϢָڴ˵Ȼ֮٣ҶɶݹһԶȥ
ǰֵĶ̫һ˷ָ¾Щ鷳ˣؼ֮ǰսħ壬ҶҲвСģҲ˵ǡ
պҶһƬϿ·Ҫ·ϢȻüͷһ壬ţԶߴһǿϢ
Ҷһһչ֮󣬼ڶҶɵӰ˲ʧԭء
ͬһʱ䣬ֱԵҶɵӰֶ˵״̬ʩչЩѩϼ˪ӲСģҶܹо˵һϢӴ󣬾ǰʵϹ
ҪԶһЩҸطϢˣɫ԰׵Ҷ̾ϢһȻֻ·ҶɲòСһ㿪ϹײһԷ鲻úҳ֣״̬Ҷɿɲұ֤Ա֮
Ƭ̺Ҷɷ˾ȻԼӽҲֻ⻹⣬Ҷɲһæ̷ŵҩȫ߶æԶɶݶȥ
պҶɫһƬɽϿ·伸Ѿȷ˵ȷԼ׷Ϊ;Ҷɵת˼ηʼս׷ᡣ
֣زʶ¾Ȼ׷һʿҶЩϹűΣķڱϹﶢϣҶɸоһǰδеΣ
ڵһ
Ȼ䣬Ҷȼ棬һ𣬽ҶɵܻΪһƬ𺣣䲻һâһܱߵˮ
ãȻƵĽƣҶɵЩͷۣԶȻԼܹȥ϶˷ʱ䣬Ϲ׷ϡ
ҶһʩչˮԷһֳֺڽһȥû󹦷ҶɱǳƬƻ𺣡
ͬһʱ䣬һݹԶХģ֮£ǳҶɵĲԶһŽ۵ߡ
ۣҶȻˣϹűڣ˴һۡ
ٺ٣Ȼ㣬Ϸû˷ǰϢϷûл㣬ڿɺϡ΢΢һЦоâ˸ĿҶеĽڽ
ǰ֪ʲô飿Ҷ֪ʵ˵˿ȴתʲô취
ߣ֪ʣħϷںδõħȫʬ¶Ϸ֮ɫĿҶɡ
˵кãҲûзŹҶĳ˼ҶȥҲû뵽ܹߵİ취Ϲǰʩչʥħ޷ֵʿĹֻ̼顣
ʩչʥħ壬ҲһʱˣǻϹ֣֮Ҳûκϣߡ
ӵˣǿɽҲûԼ֮ˣ˵ԸҶڣҪԼõ£ɱһʵϹֱǿЦһ㡣
Ź㣿ߣնɱˣҷŹ㣿ֱǿЦߣϷԼѻ꣬˷ѿ࣡ۻһ䣬ǵһΣгһ߳ˮתһɹɱ֮ɢ
ವһ
۽̤գһҶɳһͷ­ȥҶɫһһȣ˫ֳֵֽȥ
صһ죬ĽһŴĿڶҶɫһףһֱ۵ѶΪһƬѪɢգѪĵص䵽˵棬ȥǱѣɫЩŤ
𼶱ֲֿ𣿡ҶЩŵ˵Լ壬ȻԱЩ壬𼶱֮жǿ
ߣΪǿ߼򵥵ܴﵽÿһǿ߶ǰ׽׵ģȻԼֶΣͬ۶Ի֮һƿصܼ
Ϸר֮֮ͬе֣Բű֮Ϊۣͬ׶Ϸı㾹Ȼǿֵ֮ҲЩЦ˵
ԣҶüͷһ壬˲ǵѪ۵ʵԼ״̬ʩչ֮Ҳ۵Ķ֣ԼֿڽҶҲ޷
ˢһ£ҶһĶݳӣ˫ĿصĿۣתкڽעȥڽĹһҶһӳ
ݣ
һɫƥںڽϼһɼֲܣۺȥҶҲΣæʱչѪ֮ʧ˴˵ء
͵Ҷɫ԰ףһĵĳһɽϿ֮ʱ۵μҲͬʱﵽֻЩңɫĿҶɣҶɵһ
ף߶ħ˴ģٺ٣ڿκһʿҪϷǰ˷ѷԪʩչѪ֮ΪӹϷģԱϣ˫ĿһֱֳһϢҶɳȥ


746 
ҶۿԼвһΣУת֮£Ҳֻʩչʥħֵ֮һ
ܲܵĻصɽ鷳ͨñĿģȻʩչ֮Ҳʱ䣬Ҳû취
ߣСӣϷɱѻ꿴ħںδã䣬Ϣһʢбֶӭ籩»ΪСϯһ޿ɵֵĿֲϢҶһնȥ
۵һ죡
Ȼ䣬·һɫϯһɲɣϵϢصײ۵ľ޽֮ϣɫɢ۵ľ޽ҲԶҶ۶˲ͬʱһ㶡
ͬһʱ䣬·¡¡֮һ޴ѺֶţһӴӰһĳ˰ա
˵ӰԼɣɫĹ⣬һööصƬ󱳳һҺɫӲǣһööϡ
һԾ޴ᣬܰɫ쭷ѣ״ȴн֫צâƻĿȥޱȡ
رɣɽû࣬㾿ɽ磬ĴڣΪηҪϷ£¶һ˿֮ɫ˿
Ҷ¶֮ɫоǹϤϢв־ϲӴϼһȻΪһŶɫȹŮӣݾȻм֮
СࣿôܽϹűҶЩȻ֮ɫ˵
ˣԺ˵ҽϹ򷢵ŮС֪࣬εĳ˴˵أɫ΢Ŀۡ
ԼԳ֣С˵꣬ϼ˸ѣƺʱҪ𹥻ӡ
ǾȻʶŵ˵ѿСʵͣΪɣ϶ȻͨǿǱ֮壬۾͸оһͷȻоСսԼû֮ǣҪɱҶħȻҲǲ̫ܡ
ߣϷϹűѰһԵǶ˷ʱ䣬Сӣ㣬һصɽ磬ҿԱΪϹűϷͳʰˡ
Ǽ˶ѳأϹű֮ϣ˵עϣϾ֪ħϣصƵ۶ˣɲᱣһӵģٺ٣¶Ц˵
ϼһȻ㲻ߣҾһ̣С˵ŻҪȻ壬Ҳڶ˷ʱķѷݹһļߡ
СӣصϼһﰲȻĻһ뿪ϹűҵУ۵ԶһЦ
ˣû뵽յɽ缸ѣǳôӣôûżǴأٺ١С΢΢һЦ˵
㵱ԸǳӣˣǾ뿪˵أ߱˵ɡҶɷ˷ۣкһ֮󣬱СԶߣȻδǷݸ飬ȴδйһ仯̸ûһ֮⡣
Ҳ֪˶ãĳƬһ伫ªĶڣҶɶУƺʲô
ʲô㾹Ȼɽ磿ֲܽϹűôʱڣ׵֮ҶЩ˼˵
ˣ仰С໹ģôʱڽ׵֮С˷þͷġ
Ҹյɽ磬Ǳ﷢ϵԶѪ֮ҶҺܺչмӣǴ࣬Ҵﵽɾ֮󣬱ż̳˹ϵĴ֮
ʱ׼ϵѪӴΪͻͽֱһЩ黹ҪҲҵĳ֣ɽҳһˣҸıɽĸ֡СЩ˵
Ŷ飿˵Ȼͬ࣬𣬾ճЩʵǿֱӱӵʵΪٶȸǿֲ㾹Ȼ黹Ҫǿ󣿲ɽ˶ǻҲ⡣ҶЩȻ֮ɫ
ˣСǺϲģϵĿԶѪȻһЩǿˣν׵֮ģСЩ˵
Ǻǣҽɽһصлþʧ䣬ɹףʵû뵽Ȼں档ҶЩ̾Ϣ˶ͬʱҶС˲ѡ
ٺ٣ˣСʵŽװزһѣΪϢȶҪǸоû취ɱǸϼһ֮ǰͶˡ
Ϲű͵͵ܽģҪǱͬ巢֣϶ֻ˵ҵģСúñչسһΪ׼ͳһɽ磬СԸɲˡ
׼Ϲűһɽ֮ˣиһڶܺãСҲ˳ˣ˲صģû뵽Ȼˣ棬˾Ȼ׷ҵΪСЦЦ
Ǻǣ±ãҲȷ⣬С࣬ЩƣҪչصһҲ㣬İɣҶ˵껰̧һڤɻ꽣ְա
һӰְգСһ㶣漴¶ϲ֮ɫһ˿ϷʣǣСүþû۸ˡףʵôܣ
ոСߣȻСһϢֲ鵱¶֮ɫ۾գͣ
ߣûϢļһүСƺʶʲô˿ĿϢҶɣæĿڵҺڱչϢұΪߣСڲԩ㡣
С˵һЦ鼷üŪ۰죬Ҳû˵ʲôĻһṦ˱Ĵһһδģ˿˼
º󣬱ĿҶâ˸˫ĿһâһϢҲǻָ˲ӣС֣΢΢һЦ
С֮࣬ǰôƬɽȵѵչأҶƺ뵽ʲôЩɻʵ
ˣС·ɽȱǸоȥϸѰ֮£û뵽һֻξǱƻܵˡ
ҪǽˣСԻʡ¼ǧʱ䣬Ϊȹ̵ģǸ˷ãҲвĺôˣȥС൱˫Ŀһ˵


747 ƻĲξ
ξҶһ˲ֵ֮ҲڼʮĲ֮ϣܻΪξģڰϡ
ξ꣬ҪˣؾξҩԶޱȾȻִ˵еĶҶûм
ֲȥƬɽȣֱܣѰóġҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ȻСҲǫ飺ˣȥɣ˵ԽξץģȻ֮ޱȣʵҲҡ
ǣǻʲôǸϿȥɣˣҪץֻξ̷ͻƿģǺöϧ޷ˡɫһ˵
Ƭ̣Ҷɿڵǲξˣôǣ
һģɽȵһԲξԭͳһֱԸ뿪ɡСЦ˵
ҲãǾ͹ȥҶ˵꣬˱Ƕ·˶Բߣպ۵ɽȸ
ˣǲξƻֻܸӦ⸽λþ޷ѰˣһҶ£׾ͱ֣ǼһеġСü
ԣҶһУڵԭˣţתںϺӦúѷ֣ȻٽƳһ㷢֣ץҲͲѡ
ãС˵ͷĦȭƵĵСߣҶâһΪһԶѻɵ壬漴˵档

ȻתҶɻǾϢٻڵţСָĴλѰ˰£Ҳûҵʲô
СֻξûΪһߣôһûз֣ѵѾ뿪Ҷ˵꣬΢΢ü
չҶɺȻԵһֻ׺ſţɢһɾ˵ԣŵӫ⡣
ѵǲξҶЩɻĵ漴Ű׺ӽʮңֻ׺Ȼ˫ĿЩɻĳҶڷ˿Ҷɵͣ
׺ܴƬ̣о轥ʧƺûʲô֣΢΢˸վΣ֮ǻһ
Ȼ䣬һĿâҶɵ˫ĿһУ˫֮ʱֻ׺ŵӶݶȥ
ãƻԭ֮ǰͷңֻҷɾ裬ѰһߣҶɰһæ׷ȥ
Ƭ̺ҶɱǶݳ棬СѻΪ˫ı壬¶֮ɫǽĳ
ˣǿ׷С˵꣬Ҷವһ֮ϣС˫һȣС˲ʧ
ˣֻ׺ǲξξ֮󣬿һʱᶼڻˣһ׷ˣǾûлˡ·ϣСȶ˫׷ѡ
ǣǸ֮ǰˣ鼱
Ҷüͷһ壬û뵽ֻξ֮죬СڣһֱеϢǲξҲѽ˦Ҷɵʶ֮Ҳһֱ
׷˴յʱ䣬ȻЩӽȻԳ׷ϣҶɲЩżҪҶɵνؼϹű֮дΣʱһ¶ˡ
ֻξѾڵӶˣĶûģĿǰٶȿҪ׷ûиʱҶҲΣ֮ûǲξĶ֡
ֻ½׷ϣԼĶҲСʵÿ죬ҪСĶ٣ȻֻǱǲξ֮һߣ׷Ѷȡ
պһƬϿգҶɵ˸оѾܽӽֻξ˲ɵ¶΢ЦǲξȻһƬͨĹֵ´Ҷ˲Ҿ̫ߣ׷񾭵Ϣ̫һſͨ
С໯ԺƤ񣬺ֱײ֮£һſŹľ۶ϣȻСలȻҲ˼һЩ٣òξԽԽԶ
պСڳƬֻ֣ξľҲٴϲյʱ䣬ֻξٴ·һƬ֣ԭľ룬ٴΪֶԶԶ˦ں档
ξŶԵϤйֵĵطӴܣǽ˦ԽԽԶһ뿪֣ξľٴ
׷һ£Ӳû׷ֻƻĲξιӴޱȣСЩֻξ׷
ߣˣץһˣСյ˵һ䣬漴âһǰһƬֱֺײΧһÿþ۶ϣСǲܲˣ׷š
ºҶɲüԼҪ׷ξЩѶȣûй²һ¾ܽס
͵Ҷ˼ŶԲߵʱ򣬷־ֻξԽԽƺþöûˣҶɲ˿ϸֳһ˿Ц⡣
ȥ߰ձɽ׷ϣôãҲûʲôˡҶ΢Ц˵
С˫ѣٶȸǿó棬ڵˣǾӲҲܺϾʵ̫ͣץֱǡףôˣ
СȻͣסΣҶҲüͷһ壬оֻξڵƾһ㣬˲ʧȥϢٿҲˡ
ѵдҲ̫ܰǣǾȻ׷ˣ̫˷ʱˣµС˫һȣƬ̺һԭϿգΪŶɫȹŮӡ
ȥСһЩҪ̫Զ˵Щ졣Ҷ˵ڽСŵ¶ȥ
Ѱ˴գҲûҵξ䣬һϢҲӦξʧĵطһߣҲûзκ
ףϢЩԣҶüͷһ壬֮ǰȻоһ޵ĲڸһƬʵĵطģȥϸӦȴʲôֶûС
ȥҶ˵껰Сźȥڶ˸һ֮ʱܲһҶֻԺһѣ֮УǰɫѸٱ任


748 
һƬɢŲɣϢʵĵطϱ鲼żʮźͮͮͨһһéݣһСϪʶ
һž֮ϣһ߽̤ɣɻĴܣϴžɲ֮ɫΪƬռܣǺһƬ⴦ʵĹҲ֪ɺɢġ
ռ䲨һ
éݸϼһһףһӰֶҶС࣬˸һֱǾĿ˿ܣ¶ãȻ֮ɫ
ˣǰǲǴ󰡣ôСüһʵ
Ҷ˫ĿһУǵȷʵĴӦи˲Ŀռ䴫ͽƣԷ֣ǿҲдʲôԱ˹
ʲôطռ䲢Ҫǲξ˽ӦֵܹģѲ͵طС࿴˿Զڰĵطɵһ˿⣬оǺڰƺʲôΣ
ܡףȻǧҶɺȻ¶ϲɫտʼûüע⣬û뵽мʮǧҿȥԶ
ǧʶЩŹ֣澹Ȼڱʶ֮С˵
ٺ٣ϲĻֻξĳ͵ǣΪǧڱʶ̽飬ԷĴڡҶ˵꣬ĳϵһɫЩѿ
ɣʵ㣬˵ԲģǷ߱ʲôСһһ뽫ˡ
ռ䲻Ҳףڶûз֣һʱ俼ǣҶ˵꣬ǽ˳˷ͷжѰ˳ڡ
Ƭ̺Ҷɼ˿ûʲô֣ռԵڰ˵ؾȻ뷮ռЩ֮⾿һʲôĿռ䣿
ռûгڣֻ˲ĽѵҲһһ½ᱻڴ˵ء
ǣˣéһȥֳ־޽ǿéݡ
éȻܹڣÿλӽϣéݶɢһɫϼڽء
ҶСéݸſڴţֻһƾɵİ崲ϷһɫŲСھͿտյ
ʶ֮ȻҲ޷룿Ҷüͷһ壬뿴ǾŲʲôıȻҲ
СоâһéһĶȥһһֻ޴۶صéϡ
ݶâһֲֻܿľ޴΢΢һصһɢéݰȻҶɵͫһ
֮Ȼ֮ǿҶЩȻ֮ɫǹϵ˺䷢ܹƿĽơ
ˣéݵĽЩ죬¼СȫһҲԽƿСɫ֣ص˵
ҶɳƬ̣°ͣ΢΢˵ͷ漴ת׿˿Ǳǧ֣ڵڲԶҾԻὫס̡
Ƭ̺һǧϷɳһߣԶԶضҶˣɫѿĵǷŹϷɣҺòΣɲ뱻˰һί֮ɫ
ףƻļһǧˣС൱˫Ŀһȴûмڶ֣Ͼ˵ؿռޣҲܲ
˵˵ɣﵽʲôطܹȥҶ˫Ŀ΢Ŀߡ
λҲдģ֪γȥЩε˵аѣҪǱ˽׷ᣬԼô˵صġ
ŶҲ󴳣ɾ鷳ˣҶüͷһ˵˵ڶûУĿǰЩ޲ߡ
Լ˵ģңЩ˵֮д֮ɫ
˵ҲԣȹԸ½ƣ֪Լ˳ȥʱһҵ䣬ҲԻҶɫһ˵
⣡ɫһȷҶ֣Ϸ򵣱ûƭ㣬취ӳȥˡ
Ҫ㶯֣ҲûҪ˷ʱ䣬ȻΪﻹзĻᣬ㾡ܳԡҶ΢΢һЦ
Ĭã߰˵ͷһ̾ϢϷڱѡֻϣ˵ɣԱϣһģĳҶߡ
ҶЦЦת֮£Ǹ˶ŽƣֻǸоЩԼûʲôΣ֮󣬲˿
ˣʵЩ˷ѰСĿתĶߣԾԾԵӣŵһ£æҶɵһԣѿ˵ĻҶɡ
Ҷɰ˰֣ҲһҪ̷ģа취ĿǰҪ飬뿪ôãѵһҲ֪Ĵ⾿ʲôط
һΣϹűƽʱѼˣʲôԣ⴦ؽԼǲʲôطҲҴʵҶɵ˵һ
ŶȻҲֻܴéˣǲǺʲô֮ģԽǴͳȥҶ˵껰һһֻɫгУ漴ߡ
ʱò㣬ȥǧϵǧ˿ժȡװ֧֮ڡҶɻһ䣬߼æӦһǧȥ
СȻ÷ԸʲôǻΪǿ״̬Ҷʩչԯƴ֮£éݾȻҲֻ΢΢ζϽƹ˼ǰȻ
ǣˣĽ̫ӲĿǰǼ˵ʵƿƵģоһԽƽЩε˵
Ҷüͷһ壺ֽδҸ޷ƣʱһǼ뿪ƿռ䣬Ҳ뿪ϹűˡҶɺγԽƽƿռͬԼķռ䣬Լо͸ġ
СϼһΪŶɫȹŮӣתͷ˿ǧˣʵڲУֻǽֻϲξˣСȡȹ̾ʵ˻ξװصģһǻһ˿ƽϣϲξɫһס


749 չ
ؿռڣ
ϲξɫ԰׵һյأһϢһϥЩȤ֮⡣
ڰǰҶɼʵ޷ֻýСİ취ȡξһʵȡƽ
Ҷɲûнϲξ̷ֱǸ䱾һ룬ֳȡϲξپƵҩŪϲξʱЩʧȥ޷Ρ
Ҷ£˷ռ䣬һܣǿϲξһҪָɲһһϦˣϾǿǼ۳ġ
ĸǰҶƺŵҩ󣬲ŽϲξĨȥʶ䣬ϲξһ뿪ռ䣬ͱָٶҲԼûʲô̫Σա
ӴҶС࿪ʼչأСŨҩȹ̾磬Ҷƾص۵İ˽ٵ׼ͻƿװأ˵ǰûʲôģϲξ꾫ƳĵҩҶɵ˲ٵġ
װˣӺүʰһ١鿴˿ΡΡĲξߣ˵
ȿȣôô˵ϷЩʧȥԣôװģ˵Ϸ뱾壬ȡ˲پûͲˡߵ¶΢ŭ֮ɫ
ǣںүǰˣףҿûԹүĿͷɣЦ˵
ߵ¶⣺ҪʲôǰϷҲ˵ģҲҵˣñ򡭡
ʲôүɱ㣬ͺ棬ǣ黰䣬һǽУżеЦ

ʱ仺ţһתۣϹűѾһ룡
£һƬɽһɽȻһѶֲನɢɳʯӰм⻹ɫ԰׵ԪӤɶݳ
֮УһŻ۵꣬ͷ⣬ӲǷ֮ˣһӳѿɽ壬һˮ״â΢΢һӰԶߡ
ʣ¶һħ֮ˣԼһλĴڣԪӤĴڣ֮ߣֻʣԪӤ˽ǰʵ
Ƕ޵ԴϷǰԶ屬ѣǿӲջ⼸˶һ֮˾˵
ɽ֮ô˹ߵˣѵٽȥϾѾƵһԪӤɵ
ǳΪɣһֻԵ˵
ħ֮˵ɫһ˵ǳֵĻͲܸĪǳ֮УﱻߣãȥҪǱﲻڣһҪ׷ϴɽ塣
δ䣬˼æһűѿɽ֮г˹ȥģ֮£˵Ӱʧ

һؿռڣ
Ҷɷʳ˰˽ٵ󣬽һΪ۷֮ʼٽһƺƿû׽ٵ޷ƿװء
Ȼ˵տռ䲻ή׽٣֮оƿɶҶȻû˿о
Ҷ˫Ŀһ֮ɫܽСƽ뿪ط
Ƭ̣ҶɵһһöɫƿУװϲξһƳĵҩҶ붼ĴƿǣҩУоҩΪһɸ͵
৵һҶâһɫǺһϢڽڳȵЩ仯Ҷɲû⣬侪ϲǣԭ˿ƿȻһ˿ɶ֮⣬ҶɼæƵҩʼƿ
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ǱˣΣɽ綼һλǿߣңǸһ˲ǵǿߣһ˵꣬Ƕݹһĳɶݶߡ

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һ󣬵ػɽϿգһɫ۹ϼһӰԼһԪӤɶݶҶɣǣԼƲԵԪӤ
ǽɫЦǺǣһʱҶһֱڴϢϷҲûǵһЩţصһҪĳúýϹűľ
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ãܰ棡Ҷɫ΢䣬һæĳȥƲǽ


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Ϲüͷһ壬漴Цǰ˵ģѾ֪֪Щˣǰİ֣ѵǰݷõģ
һ㶣漴˿ȺЦԭǵЩˣ£ǶֵģҲĳļ֤
ڳλɽǿߣ첢ǵңֻǹսѣ˲£Ϸ򲢲Χǵġ
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ֻҪͷ֮ߵͨǾ;һͨɱģѾͨһˣǰĶ٣ȷ̫Զˡ
ֻҪ˲ƣǾ;ڲ֮أƾ㱾ڸҲԷҶǰǷ֮ȻҵҲֻӰʱ䣬Ҫۻûš˶սҶǰһɱʵҲ޷սʤʱһҶǰΣա
⣬Ҷǰ˶ߣҲס˭Ҳκβ˭쿴ǰֶȥˡ
ʱֱЩץԼʵһûطãòץһͬ棬ɶԼûӽ
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Ҷˬ죬лᣬдһϹֹ˹֣һ֮ɫȻƽ֣·ǻʤһ¶Цݣ˲ǲϹѾӮˡ
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৵һ޴ħһٺȭ̼ɫŤһ𣬲Ҷ·磬ʱʱľͻᱻ׷ɵԶ

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һʯڣһ߰׹һ̳֮ϣѪɫҺתһ۶ɢһӴѹ
ף׹ÿ˿һǽڣϸֳķģ͹ϼһһȻ˵㣡

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ϣֵسϷԪӡ춯Ӧ˵ʥħ壡һ۵ӻŻŵܽڱĿĳ˵
ʲôȷûŪЩʧĵ½Դѷײף˵̫Ӧ޷㣬ѵԪӡ̸Ӧд
۵Щ˵ϣֵس˵ӦĲ½磬ǣɽ˵㡣
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ȥֵسϼ۲Ԫӡ̣ҪֲʦһģˣԹȥһۡԱϣЩĵ뿪˴

ͬһʱ䣬ǵ
ĳ侲ڣӴüͷ΢壬һС̻ģɢ첨ľ޴Բ̡
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һ˼ĶԱɳ֣ɽĴѰҴ˶ʥħ֮˼
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ѵǲˣԺһõԽԽ󣿡ߵǵ
ӳĬãڵ洴ǵ֮󣬷һűǲٹǵ¹شҲֻȥ֪ͨˣҪ飬ԲԹ۵ġ
Ҳã߿ڵǰȥػɽ
أԹȥ棬УǧҪ⴫ӡӻ䣬һ뿪˾ҡ

ͬһʱ䣬ɽ
µĲɫһϢʣ޼һ֮ڣֻҪϢɢ̫ࡣ
˿̵ħǱޱȣۼʣ޼мѪֻⷭͷ֮ԭǸɫǣڼת˽ɫֻʣǵɫߵ㣬ȥȫתɽɫֻǳ¡
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ӴħЩ壬һαɫɣȴ˳ͷ­һȭϢӻ
ٺ٣öˣҶڵӣ˲ǵѪ׼ʹǰζԸĺ֣һڶ
һצҶһԾ˲ץסһֻǣֻȭ֮£ͷԼ۾ȥ˿Щƾλζͷ­ҶһֻʼսץסǣֻǲͣĻȭҲѡ


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Ӵһ·糾˵ĸ˹ĳɽϿգӰݼ棬˷Ҫ֪֮ͨһ
Ĭãûһ򴫳Ҳûа㲻֮ɫգȺ֮ãƬռŴһε
ȥɣһʱ𣬽ǵѾλҦΪţӴ˲ǵаϵ
һ䣬֤ǵ˥Ҳְʲôģ߰ɣʮ꣬Ҳµġǵ˳
ԣӷǵû˿ʧ䣬ɫһϲ棬Ӵ˷ǰйʥħ飬Ԫӡ춯
ŶǳĬƬ̣½ˣ
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һºǼȫɶݣҴҵɽ˿Զ޴ĺɫҶǷڱչأ
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һɫҶĳĪǰѳʲô飿ҶЩĿ˿ǣ˵ʵ
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ԣҶ˿Ԫӡ̸Ӧ֮ޣԤλãǲ֪ԼӦ֪ͨԼһϢ
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е˵ͷĳ뷨һֻҪѵϣĳǾаգҲһоּղ
֣ǵĽ飬䵽˭϶νǿһоħ۵ͨΣҶѾô˵
ҲãԺʥħϢҶĳһλ֣Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵漴
ǺǣҶɽν󰡣ձչҲϲߣҵһͬһΣɽ֮󣬼ĳҲû߱ģ˳̽һʥħ䡣Ц
ҶɳƬ̣ڵʵҶĳЩ飬Ҫ½ѰҼȷûʱһͬˡ
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Ŷǰѵ˼ҶĳôҶһ䡣
Ҷѣ޽̨̲СķѲϸǿֲҪۺĺܣҪǣ㹻¶ֲС
ҶҪ޽̨ĳǿ԰ǵϴкǵĵӶ޽Ȼʷ棬»ҪҶԼġ˵
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΢΢һЦģֻҪʳ㣬ǵӦò⣬ò̫ʱ䣬Ҳǧұ޽һ̨ġ
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мֲ֮ɫҶڼҲһǧɣҵʿҲһɽ磬չһζѣһǧգۼŵģ½ͨɲ޽ġ
ȿȣҶɸɿаϹȷǾչظǧ꣬ԼһŲǧ꣬ǵʱʵ޷Ტۡ
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ҶѾֻȥˣ罫磬ɽȷӡ򿪣Ǹ϶Էķӡɶǿ״̬ǿ˳ȥġǵ˵ͷ
ҶɿЦһоּʵЩãȻûʲôϣҲֻһˣʵڲУֻ޽̨ˡ
Ҷѣûʲô£簲һһЩʵΪЩ׼ɫһ˵
Ҷɵ˫Ŀһ⻹״ԼмĵطЩɲĿǡ
৵һ
ʱſιӰһϹֶˣһİҸҪߣǰ˵˿ʶʲôǵ÷ӣ
÷ӣѵҶ˵껰ȻƽҪһ㡣


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λǣǼҶɶһ˿أɵ¶ɻ
Ҷɿڵѣλ÷ӵĸ磬ҵ붫Χ÷ѳȡҶɶǰӲİڶǺüα˳÷ܰĸ磬ҶɱȻƽཻ
Ŷԭ÷ѣʧ΢ЦȻҶ˳ƺȻʲôӡ
һ÷һĻҶһ÷ǵ䣬λǰǧҪɷǲӭĻ뿪
Ҷһ㶡漴ȻЦЦǺǣصģҶĳûиߵ˼ˣǱѵ׷
÷̾Ϣһ֮˸׷ŹңϾǶ֮ӣսСûˣ֪ܰںδôˣ
⣡ҶЩĬ̾ϢܰѾͷˣҵȾ֮ʱ֮ʱ콵󣬲֪ιʵ뿪棬ҲԲ͸
뿪棿÷ɴ۾Щ޷ӣ漴ǽͼ÷̾Ϣһ
ĬƬ̣÷ڵʵ綫֮ʱҶǰڴ˽˳㼱æϹݼֻҶǰΪʦǰȫԱϣ÷һ
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ذʦ÷ӵĽ飬ԴһЩġҶɫһ˵
÷ԣһڴʾһҶǰǳİʦҪ˵ʩԼ飬Ҷǰȫ
⣡ҶЩΪ÷Լ÷ֳܰԼʵͽܡ
ǺǣҶѣȻִţھ֮⣬ܰҲԸ⣬ʵڲĻ¼ӣгһմɾͣҲʽͽܵġȰ
ðɣҶĳΪӣӴ˳ɣȻΪ㣬ʱͲҪ뿪ˣЩﵤҩԼֲͨȥһ°ɡҶ˵껰ܳһöָ
÷ӹָлʦ𣡡ԱϣϹ÷Ϊ䰲һң±һ䡣
ѣǰ˵֪ʲôطҶĳӶδ̫棬ѽһҶɺȻɫһ˵
ͷٺ٣Ҳʲôܣǧʱ䣬ήһΣȻʱ䲻ر׼ȷ´ν٣Ӧֻʣǧʱ䡣
Ϲűպ෴ʵı﹦ûУȴи˵˵֮ЩӷʵļƷ񵤡
Ŷ棿ѿҶüһ˵
ȻȥϹű࣬Щؼ伸ĳҲʲôԵ֮δõʲôô̾Ϣһ
ҶתϹűǸĵطûʲôҩ֮࣬мƷ񵤣ǷأҪɹ磬ǱҪȥһˡ
ǧʱ䣬ĻӦù½һˡҶ˵껰ǼһЩţÿһòҶɶҲûǽԼľ޴죬ҲֻûǴѾˡ
ҶѻǲģҲգȻǰȥƿӡ϶Ҫ֣ĳһˣǶԷķӡûпҲֻó޽̨ˡ̾Ϣ
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ЦЦ֮ǰĳ֪ͨ˰ˣһʥħ飬֪ͨһˣҲգҶûʲô£㰲һ£Ǽ̡
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Ҷѿǽϰˣ鷳Ϊʿ˲ڣĸ𼶱ҲΪһġ
Ҷѵ³ۣû˭鷳ȻԵһЩȻ˶飬ĳһӱǼǧ꣬ڻǰȻ΢Ц
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ʮɽ缫֮أ
ʮУһɹɿռ䲨ɢÿһֱн֮ޣÿһ֮ϣżöɫֱ֣ע˷磬޽磬ħȡ
ҶɵӰɽ֮ͨ£ǿڵҶѣΪβѡ磿Ͼ壬Ҳ㹵ͨ
ɽ弫٣һ㶼ūշ㵽ɽ磬ᷢͻġ˵꣬¶ֲ⡣
ûϵҶĳаţԭӡҪ˷ǰֻǲɽķӡǷҶ̾Ϣ
ȿӡ֪ͨˡ˵ִ̧꣬ɽͨеҶɼͨлת
ʱ䣬˲ǿӡ¶ͨɫ㲵˵ҶѣȽȥԷķӡǷ
Ҷһûɽ֮ͨڣƬ̺ɫϲ˵ѣɽͨӡȫʣһЩӡҶĳƳ
ԣ΢΢һЦĳͲˣһҪַӡⱻ崳
һصɽ磬ǰҽķӡӦҸӦ֮ͨٴδ򿪣ǰﶼɽפصġ
Ȼ˹ϽĳȻǰػ⴦ӡڵģĳ˵ϣҶһ˳ԣڵҶɵ˵ͷ漴һû֮Уͨǻĺ£


770 ɽ
һƬϢƽԭϣһֻֻڵɱţѪɢڲݵ֮ϣôƬռ˿Ѫȵζ
ƽԭϿգʮУÿһֱн֮ޣϷֱעŷ磬˾ڤ磬ɽȣȥɽ缫֮ظͨһ޶
ʱɽͨһɫĻȻһѶһɫӰһһְգǽĴܡ
ˣҶɣ
ɽ𣬹ȻɽϢͬ˵껰Ҷܿ˿漴¶ɻ֮ɫ
ɽ羹ȻҲû˿ظͨ˵Ϣңƺ˶սһ㡣ҶЩ֮ɫȻּԶһ
ҲգȹȥֻҪûаʵɣһ㲻˷ҵݣϾǵ˱˵ĵ̣Ҷײұ¶ݡ
ҶɵĴ㣬ȴС䣬ȻȥСѰɽ½ͨС˼ӦЩ飬ʵİӦ˳ֻ࣬Ҫ½ͨӦܹ˳ʹá
ȻһлҪѰСǷ˳һûҵС֮ǰɷԼͿЩ鷳ˣҶֻܵ͵¡
һνδҲ֪Сˣٺ٣ԱϣҶһԶȥ
Ȼ䣬䷢ԶһҵĲƺһڴ򶷣оȻаϢǿߣⲻҶЩ
ˣйȥҶ˵껰׼ת򣬶ʱȻ˷˼ǿϢŴ˵ؿ
ãѵˣǴ˵ز֪ʲôƣһӦҶɷ֣Լ侹ȻΧⲻҶЩ
˵ԷǿߣһˣҶҲһ䷢֣ԼϢȻᱩ¶ԺɽȻ粽С
£Ҷֻһ¶ͨɽ֮ͨڣͬʱŸصۣ佫ͨ򿪣Ҷ׼ʱȥ
ڣҶϢһ͵͵ۿ·ĳһṦԶһڶʮӰ˹ʮ׷еǻΪΣеԸ̬֡
ʮӰУʵǿţǻΪΣΪ׵һߣһ꣬Լһ꣬ɣ̬֡
˷ʮӰ׷ߵЩˣ߰ʮ˵ӣʵǿߣΪ׵һһͷľˡ佫ߵ˰Χ
ߣǻܣʵ㣬˽ǳܲˣԷŹ㣡
߿˿ܣȻ޷ӵϾԷ̫࣬һȣԳʮȥɽͨӡһҪ͹ȥɽһķӡѾϷȴˡ
ϣ㡭Щ
ߣȻǶҪסӡڣԱҲҪͨ򿪡˵꣬ԵİǴʮˣɽͨȥҶɲɫһԼ޷ˡ
˿˿ͨİ꣬ź˵ߣΪɽӡǰƿģ棬һΣһߣҶ֣
һ仰ϰ˱ǶֻǶԷǿߣΧأ˵мܣضЩ
ף壿ڰԳɵͨڵʱ򣬱ǿҶɣԳ΢΢һ㶣һ·ֵ˽¶ɻ֮ɫ
Գʲôƣ˼ӦǣֱЦ˵꣬ǿͨлǿڵҶɡ
һ¶ɲ֮ɫһ㶣漴¶ϲ֮ɫڵλѣɽͨӡѾˣ
Ҷĳ֪ΪҪǣٺ٣λҪ֪һɽ翴Ҷ˵꣬˲ɫһ䣬Цһİȥ˵Ľ棬⼸ûʲôֱ˵綼ˣʲô
оâһȻſһ磬һâӭ籩֮»ΪһöͮͮѣҶɷһɶȥ
λѣϣ㽫ɽ磬һҶɵǿߣϷлԪʺҶѶȻ´һĺô֮ɫ˵ԷǿҪֹȻ
ʲôԪʺ⣬ҶЩɲ˵
߸Ҫڣֻ˼Գڻֵȴʱѣȴֵĺһ䡣
ҶЩ֮ʣֻİԳɫһ̧һ죬һֻɫ۰գźɫȥҲ֪Ҫ٣ķɵ
ʲôԳ㾹Ȼͽһŵ˵ֲǼαй¶Ϣ٣ܶԵʵĶ𣿡
ıףȴǺް취ֹۼŽɫӡ˺ɫ֮ϣȴûзκ죬۵һǴд͸ȥ
һɫӰһţصҶɵλãǰպźɫѣֻǣƺȻǳһϳһ΢Ѻۡ
ʲôʲô٣ôĶٻҪֲЩɲ˵˻ûȴǷҶɾ֮
ڽɫƸոմ֮ʱҶɵΪһĲӰӲĽ˹ȥĪ˵Լûûֿ˲ƵĶ٣·˽𾪲ѡ
λѣϷٻصɽ磬㼴Ҫ̤ɽҲǲ֮¡˵꣬˺Һƴˣλ뿪ɽ硣
߻䣬ǴɱζԷڶ̼࣬Ǳ˺ûɫһҶɱȥ


771 
ĳڣ
վһĻǰڵʦ棬ʮˣȻûҵ˵ټҪǰѳˣ
֣Ҳˣȥ˼ҶãǱ˳ЦȻô꣬ܿʥħˣҲһӦҸȥ۵
ô죿Ͽڵ
ԼػɽӣɳȥּĴѰ̽ʥħ䣬̨ʱһţֶɳȥ۸˵껰Ȼɫһһ֮£һöɫС
ףȻǶİǿߡ˵꣬ǿڵʦ棬ǿսֱӽ򷢵𣿡
ðɣƽ˵ţȵȣٺ٣ȥңպԼ
Ҳ֪˶ãڣۣԼһ߶УƺʲôǶɢϹ֡
˵ã˲ͨĳǰдһ۳ȫϹ΢΢һЦ
˵ҲԸͬд轻ˣӦǸճðɣʵ
ĳǵϴγڽڣʱɽ绹ûдģսңڻصھû뿪˷ҽװأԲλһϹֿڵ
΢Цĵ˵ͷʵˣ֪Ѷһλͬף˽ж٣
ʲôһλͬףϹһ㶣漴ЦĪڿЦɣ䣬ĳԼδֹʿϹֵ˵
Ŷͻˣ˵ȷڶףϹű׵ģ뿪֮ʱֻһɣҶɣ˵
ʲô˵ҶѣϹ¶Ź֮ɫ
Ŷʶɫһ׼һҶɾںδõħʥħǷйأܷ鵽һЩ
ϹҡͷλҶıȻʶϷԺѾ½սͬףһλܰƲԣڶҶƽ֣صѲ¡
λҶѣӦòǶʿϷδôһ˵ϷڶҲЩ£ҶǶ֮ˣҲܲϵϷġ
üͷһ壬ڵ˵㣬Ӧ˵䣬Ҷѵǽڣ᲻ûע⵽ˣ
Ŷ⵹ЩܣϷһʱڱչأֽڵСƽʱȷںʦпʶٺ٣û뵽ҶѾȻǶ֮ˡϹЦ
ЩĬ¶˼֮ɫãۺȻһЦѣʵҶѼпʥħˣѾ
ʲôħ۵ͨϹֵ¶ݣһ֮ɫ漴˫Ŀ΢У΢΢һЦ

ɽ磬ͨڣ
Ҷɼæһӣɫۼ˳󻹸ʿҶɲ˫Ŀһȥɽǲ̫ˣһսȻ¶λãɽ粻ɽ磬˵жǿߴڡ
պڽҶɷע룬漴һӳˢһ£һɫƥڶӰһնȥҶҲܺΣſռͨڼٶ룬һģ֮±ʧ
ۼɫƥܲС˼æƵֵأ죬˽ǲ˺ü
˹ȻǿǸϿ׷һӻȥǲ̤㡣˵꣬Ǵƣɽͨɶݶȥ
˽ͨһ֮󣬷ﻹҶɵӰڿɽڵʱ˼æ˰֡
Ҫ׷ˣ˵Ķ̫죬Ѿ˻ȥ˵ȻȥԻʣԻɡ˵껰Ǵż˳ȥ

ɽ磬֮أ
ҶҲٵĹرտռͨҶɫ΢ף֮ǰһȻû֣ϾɣҲĴ
Щ֮ɫһ߹رͨһ߿ڣҶѣɽ羹Ȼػӡͨ𣿿һȻǲ㲻ȥ翴˿أֻҪ˵⣬֮Ҳ̫Ϊ㡣
ҶҡͷһЦⲢɽ粻Լϵû᲻̫ãƬ̺󣬶˽ͨ¼ӹ̷ӡ֮Ҷüͷ
ôҶʧ⣬ȥ翴ǰο
ĬƬ̣ҶɿڵѣȲȥˣȻȥһˡ㶣漴ųۣ˱Ƿ˻ȥ
ҶôͻȻıˣ׼޽̨ʵ
Ҷɿ˿ǣ˵ѣɽ缸λͬףȥɽҰ飬оӦóı꣬༸ûп֣ܳ
ʲôȻóҶɵĻȥɽ飬Ȼȥɽԣ˱˵ĵ̣ɽǿʵޣǲɵü
Ҷѣںô٣ֻܿҪʲôĳȷ˵ȥɽ磬Ȳɽǿ̫٣ȥɽ确¡Σԣº˲롣
ȻֻĳҵȻȥҵϼһһоһ£ҸоҶѲ̫ߣǽ𣿺α㶯ŭѵ飿ǿڵ
ɽλѣϹűںѣҶĳ׼ȥһҶɺȻ뵽˺ߵĻ²еԪ󣬺ܾܿС࣬öѣͿʵĺˣֲС˵յ壬ͱע⵽
˴һЩǸԴһƷζƣżĬʮڻص򣬽ӽػɽԵ
һգƷƣҶǻ£öЩѺۣ֪Ƿ𻵣ҶЩ
ףȻʱҶɺȻо·˶ֱһɺڣһʿֻǽһ֮£ǽɺڵش
ڵأһۣĿ࣬Ѫ꼸ɢ֮ʣȻżü͸¶֮ɫ


772 ½Ϣ
ϺĻ꣬ЩɢۼɷɱһȻû˿ֻһ˫ĿϣҲа⡣
صһ
ã겢δӦ¶ɻ֮ɫٴ˫Ŀʱ򣬺ȻɿѪĵɶһ֮ɫԶӴܶȥ
ڻĸһŰµ֣߿մһɫۣˣ֮кȻһ˿ʡ
Ҷɣǿ֡
㣿ʱɽ磿ҶЩɲ˵ͬʱæźע뷨ȡһöҩС
ȿȣҶҶɣأ˷ʱˣ㿪˵ܳ˷ǰҪ֪ͨ㣬ǵѾɵɵʥħ壬ˡ
ǵΪʥħֲãͶʧ˽꣬Ժ㣬ҪСĸȿȣ
ʲôô֪£Ҷһ
ǰɽ磬ýǵĽ̨ǵ£ʵھ֪Ĵڣû뵽ﵽ߶ȣֱң޷󼰣ҡͷЦ
ΪβңαǵҶüͷһ塣
ԣȻ¶֮ɫǵҲʱ뿪ұ֮ʱҲҪﵽŽأɽڻң
Ǵ˷֪գҲǰ֪ͨ㣬ֻΪɽʵΣգһˣҪҵ
Ҷɣ֪ǴԵ֮ѾʧȥȽϵģҲ㣬ҪƾԼҲ޻ڡ
ԣ㽫ұ⣬֮ʱٳ֣ǧҪȥط磬ҺҲһ졣
ҪԶɽ磿ҶЩȻԸҶɻЩ˽ġ
Զɽ磬ֻǲϣߵøߣķ磬˵гһգҲ׷㡣
ˣ½㲻صģҶܺãȴֻһ˽ͨһϲ֮£˳ɽˣöࡣ
˵һǱͨģڤӣԪһʿҲǱֻǡֻĴյ֮һúƺ״Ϊҽ׶ɽ֮ȥ̽գЩ
Ҽ˾ȻгԽɽٵޣ˵粻ִڣҡȿȣȥҲûκϢȴǴΪһɽҶ

ûȵˣ֪ǧ˿ǷԣڣҶüͷһ壬˿ǡ
ǿŷۣҡͷҶѣȻûֻʣϢСŮأҲҵܹȻģǱܰصö࣬Ҳͬƣĳûʲô취
Ҷ̾Ϣһ
ˣλҲǶʿɻʵ
Ҷüͷһ壺ǰһѣǶʿˣ˷鷳ѰˣȻȥЩҪ
ڵػɽ֮ϣҶɵһģ˷ۣǳĬã漴һóһöɫ
ƲϢӦò׼ȷҶѲǶأȥ˼֮أЩһֱһ𣬾չأ˵껰ۣŵ¶ȥ

һº󣬳
Ҷɽöɫѣֱڣ֮ӳֻ֣ɢݡ
öΪѺۣҶɾСĶȼ˽⣬һйʧԣԱ֤
ϹԺڵĽƣҪӹ̷ӡ޷ʱϣӰҶɷԸһ
˷ģһչ˺öѣιӰϹɫһҶһ߾ǰ꣬Ϲʵ˽ɴԲ
ãԭҴ½磬ʱò̫СӣҪȥټ֣ȥɽһˣܻͲһˡ
ԭѳ²һѵĶǰڱԷֻ֣Ȼ͸ݶ˵󷨣ҪЩˣֻܽ¼һҶɫһ˵
ϹȻûʲôҶȻżǹ֪ͨˣҪһʱ䣬ҶҲֻ˳ӹ̳
һҶԼеĶϣ¼һΣﵽ˿ȵļ𣬼ûнƣΪҲ𻵡
һգڣҶɡǣƲԣۣۣϹ֣ۣһɽ𼶱ǿߣͬ˴˴
λ֪ͨңһЩŵѾ˵ˣ֪λкҪ󣿡Ҷ΢΢һۣڻۺ;ǰҶֻЩ⣬ܹǰҶǸоЩ쳣ˣҲûж˵ʲô
ҶѣȲҵʲôҪ˵˵ʲôҪǿܷμӻһġһ۵Ļɫһ
ģҶĳɽλѣѣɽ½壬Ӧˮ巢ȫսҶĳƵ֮£λһͬǰҶ֣ص
ʲôˮ½ȫ濪սҶĪڿЦ۵üͷһ塣
ۿڵҶѣʲôңǵǿһͬǰɣǵҲںȻڱ˵ĵؽ磬˶࣬λӦòʲôΣա
ֻˮ½սǾζɽǿ߶룬ǺǣҶѲɽʵԲŻǹߵ
ۿ˿ˣڵҶѣ֪ɽ緱ʱжǿߣٰǿߣ֮įѡ
Ǽ࣬룬ɽǿߣǼȫкתΪʤĪ˵ǣǵħۣҲ˵ܹսһʵҶѽ̫뷨Щˡҡͷ
ƲһֱûпڣϹҲ½װأ˽²ҶɣҲûʲôȨֻˣֻҪû£Ȼ룬ҪǱ˶˵ΣգϹֲŲȥ
Ҷüͷһ壬飬Ȼƭ˵ֻԸһˣʵһڣȻû˸Ҳ롣
ɣ˷ǰȥΣգҾ޷ֿ֮ʱʱԷأΥףҶĳĺôȽңλÿԣóԼҪĲ嵥ҶĳĿһ¿Ҷɫһ˵
Ҷѣȷúô;Σգʱ£ǼѣҲΥ𣿡ϹȻЩģϾҶϵõôоҶɵļҵײ
ǣλȤμӵģó嵥Ҷһѵ
Ƭ̺󣬼˶ó˲嵥Ҷŵ˷Ҳͱˣǰ½幥ˮ嵽ף㽻׽ˮɻɱսսսʱߣҲΥףһȻ˷ա
ˣҶҲüͷһ壬˵Ĳ嵥󣬲ɵðҡͷЩϹֱǳû٣еĲ嵥ֻоۣϹֶˣҶõóڻ۵ĲϣҶɸûУƲǵûóʲô嵥


773 ˼
λҪĲϣҶĳ޷óоѵĲϣҶĳеУ֪ʲô㣿Ҷһ䡣
ҶѣȥɽĻɽбȻҪ˿طӡ˷¹شһ˿²ףĳǰȥ¿طӡ˵
˷¹شɽңп׷ĳǰɽ磬ֻһ˿صȷΣգԣһۣϰһطӡۺȻ˵
ԣԥƲ΢΢һ㶣˵ûʲôҶҲЩɻѵ۵ǵɽ簲Σʱûʱ俼̫࣡
Ǳлλˣ˷Щżҵȼ̶Ҷ˵껰Ȼûʲô˱뿪˳

ʮ󣬼֮أ
ɽͨڣҶɫķ˳漴˿Ʋԣգɫ
ƲҡͷҶѣӡȹ̣֮ƳͨӡҲ޷Ƴ
Ҷ̾Ϣһû뵽˷ǰɽͨӡȻ¼ڼȥȥˡ
ҶѣѾˣǰĳµĺôǲٷˣϹüͷһ塣
Ҷνİ˰֣ҶĳóȥĲϣջصģҷġ
ȻˣҿҾȷذɣҲûʲôôۿڵ
ӡǿϣǴ򲻿ģ⼸˸Ҫˡۿڵ
Ҷε˵ͷֻŴһɽӡ¼ӹ̣֮һ𷵻ϼɽһһʲôҲûа죬ȴǺķ˰֮á
ǣһֱϼɽĳԭ֮ϣҲûзֿǲüͷһ壬Ϲ״γҪһԭ뾰ۣһ²ܲصԶġ
Ǻǣλ˷Ҷѹ˰֮ãǾ͵ɢɢģϴҶѱ֮ΪԷȫλڳҶ֤ҶڱһΣ΢΢һЦ˵ԣܼоâһ
Ŷ۵ǺˣҶĳЩ飡Ҷûʲôʲô
ҶѲϷӣоâһƲü
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ڵȻ۷ҪԣҶĳͷһֻҪ˺ͺá
ٺ٣ȻҶѷģǰħҵȲˣ˷д裡˵껰Ҷɵ˵ͷ
ܿ죬˷ۣ˷׷ԶȥֻҶ۶ˣ˫Ŀӡ
ҶЩµʲô˵˻Լʥħ壬ҲɣϲĻʣǼҲ۰֪ͨġ
һֱû뿪͵Źۿⳡս仰˵Լһʩչʥħ壬֮˾Ϳһֲ֣ô˷۳ȥ˳һԼȥ˼֮أԭ˼ƻ
Ҳ֪ͨԼ治һµϺ뷨˷Լʹʥħ壬ֵܱ̫ڳħܷȫҲ˵֮¡
Ϲüͷ΢壬˵Ҷпʥħģʵ⼸ˣǽӵ۵֪ͨ˼ˡ
Ҷѣ֣һȻ֮ɫڰա
Ҷɵ˵ͷʱȻڿʲô۴ߣԼҲû취ɵġ
Ҷɻһ䣬μֳֽ֮£ͷ­һնȥҶɲûзų飬Ϊ˲֮˶ʲôв
ٺ١΢΢һЦۼźڽԼһ֮ʱϼһƻںڽңһĺڽƽ棬ڽķɵԶ
һĻ˼Ϥһζ˱֮ʱҲǿ֮֮ܿڽڽķɣǱ˸ģȻҲҶɽսϾ˿ɲǰǿᡣ
صһ
ŵŵţ۵һĵĵĲҶǰѺڽķɣƺϴǽϺܶ࣬ûб۵ˣսȭͷ˳ƺ۵ϣûзӦҲš
֮ǿôࣿۿһ򶨵ҶɣϲղǺڽӦⱻķɵİɣڵ֮ҿûеı
ǺǣۻǶְɣ˵棡Ҷɿɲ뿪ڽʲô°âһٴγ˳ȥ
һâ˸ҶֱӶԺһȭ
صһ죡
Ҷ˫һΣŵŵŵĵĲֻǵѣȻǿҶһߣֻ޲Ϊ֮ǰҶɾûôǿ֮
Ҷɶ൹˵һ֮ڶ˵ԺԲƣһĳƺţڱƣΪѽҶɵ˵ڶۡ
ѣҶѽ٣˫Ŀһ
۴˷֮Ǳϴǿ˲٣Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ǺǣҪֳʤֻЩ̽ԵĹ֪Ҫʲôʱ䣬ֻܶһЩͨˣоâ˸
д⣡Ҷɫһ֮ǰֻǸϤһ⼸Էжı仯ڣƺ
۲ԥâ˸һ߲һȵһͺȣܿռֱ졣
৵һ
ҶɱҶڽֿƶĽսֳֺڽضһЩϾ񲻾¶Է壬ԼȭøҲֱһЩ
صһ죬˺һȭҶɵŵŵŵĵĲ˫һǰȻҲ֪ǽռϵƣ۴˿̲űȫֻҶȻ˼ȴǺ޾⡣
صһ
Ҷɵһģ׵˼ҶСķأ۵˲ҶǰŽҶɲ֮»˼˲ɫһ䡣˲ƣ״μͨɵ˫ĿһС


774 ʱ
ٺ٣֮Ȼ٣汾£ѻˣۻ䣬âһһööɫĸֶ
״Ҷ˫Ŀһǵϴʩչ֮࣬ԼȫǶ֣Ͳ֪١
صһ
˼֮䣬Ҷɿһƺߣһĵĵ֮࣬Ҷԭڵطһ۵ֶ
˫ĿһУϴԼܸҶɴвȻռϷ磬֮Ҷɴв
û뵽Ҷ֮࣬ҶֻҪأƾ֮޷˺Ҷѣڵܺ۱ȼˡۿڵ
ٺ٣ˣҶѸû취أϷ˲ͨǰûз֮һζı򣬼֮൱һܡ˵
һվʤѷֻ֣Ǻķʱ䳤̵ˣ˵꣬Ʋüͷһ壬͸о۲δȫָ֪Ϊδ˷أһǺʲôϵ
ȭͷâһ˲ʧͬһʱ䣬Ҷǰһ۵ֶһȭҶǰ
۵һ۵ȭͷҶɵؿڣ
ףһף˵ɫһǿɲҶ׾ͱɱҶɵĵȷȷûж
৵һͬһʱ䣬ԶһҶɵֶǰǵӰ۵һɢ
Ҳ˲ƣƲԵͫһ
ǾԲ˲ƣǿ쵽һĶϷ֮ǰӦ˷ɶݲ˫Ŀһ˵
¼侹˿ĶôܣЩš
Ϲüͷһ壬вЩƣҶʩչԼڵӰԼǿޣָ֧ٷɶݣҶǶֱ˲ƣҶɵǿȾж̬ϹֲЩڣôڴ˵ͨ
ȻĶ漣ۿ˿Ҷɣüͷһ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ٺ٣Ϊܲڱ㻹̫ˣۻ䣬˲ʧ漴Ҷǰһȭ۵һ͸ؿڡ
৵һӰͬʱʧ
ͬһʱ֣Ҷٴγ֣һȭҶɷɶݺӰţٴʧ
ڴƬռ˶ٺ˲ƣڳļǿߣҲԿ˵Σֻżһ漴ʧ
ɽ֮Уû˵ĶˣӣǴ˷ҪɽһˣƲɫһ˵ҲֻĬϡ
Ȳ˵˹ʵΣ˲ͨԼҶɵĶͿκ˶෴ԷȴǿԹ㣬鼴֣Ҳ˺ϹһֲֿĶ˲ƣѾڲ֮ˡ
صһ
ĳտյգҶɵӰһĵֶǰ߰˲֮Զ۵Ҳֶջâ˸ȭͷ
ವһ˵Ӱٴʧ
أ죬ҶɿٷɶݵӰһα˲ƹϣһĵĳǰ۽󣬵û϶֣΢΢һЦ
ǺǣҶѵĶȷʵٿ죬ǳԽϷ˲ΣǱϾֻƬƶϢԼɶݹ켣ȻѼʶ֮ҪҵλãҲʲô¡
Ϸ˲˺ѿռһ㣬⴦ս룬ճ֣ڼûһɶݹ켣ǿռ䷨֮ҶҪʲôǿͨʩչܡ΢Ц˵ȴǾâһ
ѾɵҶʥħ壬Ҳ֪ͨϹ֣ۣˣ۴˷ҶǼ٣Ҷʩչʥħ塣
ֻҶʵѲƺԶòĺһ㣬һҲԱƵҶʩչʥħ塣
ʥħȾ޴ջǼϼһŽһΧҶɣϾҶɿɲǺõģȻɣϾûʲô֤ݣû֤ݵ£ЩϼһɲðյҶɣԵ˵ͷ̽
ҶʩչͨҶһ
Ϸо˶սʵûʲô˼ʼ硣
ԸҶЦЦ
һ̣Ҷ˫һвһһɹɿռ䲨ɢ
ƺЩŤ֮⣬һѼɫ˿鲼ڴƬأַԲһڲͣ졣
ɫ˿֮ռǷͳ֮ƺǿռЩŤƺɫ˿Ťڶ·ɫ˿ǿռһ㡣
󣬷ԲǧǱɫ˿ǣֻƽɫ˿˿Ť䶯֮£ԶԶȥ·Ƭռ䶼Ť·Ҫʧһ㣬ƺڵһ
ʱշ֮
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ۣҶĳҪˣҶЦЦ漴һ۱ȥٶ֮죬һģ֮±ʧ
ʱ֮ڣȻӰʩչ˲ƣƬؼʱշ򣬼ѾҶƿأ˲ƣƶ˺ѿռ;֮ڣҲӲҶɵĸӦϾĳ̶ֳҺҶɵˣȻûκεĹ
˫ĿһУҲִУһʧ˵Ƭʱ֮пտյκ˶Ҳ˵Ӱ˭֪ȻƬգֻѼˡ
صһ죬۵һĵֶŵŵŵĵ֮࣬ҶɲʱӦ۵λãޱȵĶĴ۵˲ƣ֮ӲǸ˳
ţٴʧҶɵӰҲʧһṦٴαҶһȭУֶ˵ȫת
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һʱûʲôԣкο£ֻܹӦ۵λðˣҪҶѶޱȣʱҲ׷۵˲ƣһЩˡ
ϹԽԽƣһͨԼＸǱõϣڱȴǳ˹оԼҲõѰһЩ֮ˡ
Ҷɫһһ֮£һڳУ˲ɫһڿ˿Ҷɣȴû˭ʲôǷ֮롣
ۼȻһֱҪҶĳһ£Ҷĳʹʹһٺ٣ԱϣҶһȣ°âһ۱ȥû˲ƵۣԶҶκв
״üͷһ壬һץһ˽ӲӵëʳУŽâһǻΪ߶೤Ҷһն붼ֳëʣǺɫֵȥһΣҲۼǧ״ı˲ɵ˫Ŀһ


775 ޷
۾ȻƵĶñˣϷѾûмһĻˣЩȻ֮ɫͬʱҲʶҶɵֶΡ
صһ죬ڽɫëײһҶͬʱһ𣬵ŵŵŵĵ˼Ǻڽǽɫëʣû°˺ۡ
أֱֳڰжսԳҲûж˲ͨҶҲûʩչԼĶȻҶ֮в磬˶վҲ滢൱ѷ¡
һ֣˫ĿһڵҶѣȻϷ˲ƣǲó£ºսʤϷģֶξҲϷһ¡
ԣҶ΢΢һЦۣ仰Ҷĳ͸㣬ûʲô£ԺͲҪҶĳˣպҶĳҪչ޵ģ
ԣɫһĿǰûиҶɴв伴ʥħ壬Ҳᶯá
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ʲôʵһһǽɫ򣬱Щ֮ɫ
Ҷüͷһ壬źڽڹעȥ漴Žɫңңһնݣһɫƥųβͣǽɫײȥ
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һ޴ıƬռ䷢һ֮ڽɫϼɢȥܼǿߣҲòݹһ˲ѡ
ݹԶԶĶһɽϿգϾûҶɶǿ֮ııϾܵƣѾһƬǽ壬иǷɳʯɫ쭷粻ϣˣҲ֪˵Σ
˼֮䣬ֻڷһâһһâϣ̼ײһ𣬱һŴĿڤɻ꽣ɫëʵı壬һѷ¡
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ߣô˵Ҳǵħ۵ܻ̫ĿǰħҲֻдˡۿڵ
ͬһʱ䣬һļµĲһֱʮɴСɫһɳվ۵Ρ
һߣҶҲڷɳһ˫ֵϺ޾ɫɽǿңңӣ˲̾Ϣսܹġ
ҶѣϷͨײãΪ˰ȫͨͨǲҪˣ˼ۻ䣬żһɫǵһת漴Ҷɺȥ
ܹоɫϴӴܣɵ¶ɫ˭Ҳûֿܵ˵ȹֻʩչ֮󣬼ԼһȻԼڶ
ŶۺţҶɲûжɫֻ֮˫һɫңңһ㡣
৵һ
һɫ˿ҶͷγɣһӴһ㣬вûʲôֲܣһɹɿռ䲨ȴǴ˳漴ɫɫײȥ
һ̣ɫɫײһûıӴƻҲûκ죬Ϣ
ɫһӴӣͬϬţ뺣һ㣬ûзӳܣǱɫû
ɫҲֻʣ֮һСϯȥ˲ɫһҲӾкι֮ζǼƣջǱһɫ˿ûڡ
΢΢һȴûκƣֻоâһھûмֵ˼˫ĿصĿҶɡ
ۣ֪ǷҪȥҶ΢΢һЦʵ
üڵǺǣҶʵǷҶʱԷֳʤ֪Ҷѿбʤİգ
Ҷĳûգ˷ܹ۲ʤҶĳΪҶɫһ
ŶȻˣҶƽճˣҾΣǿڵ
Ϸụ̂˵꣬ǹ˹֣һʧ
˿Ҷɵ񣬷һЩ仯ҶɱۻҪ£սҶɵ˼򵥿󣬱Ǹ뿪
ҶǰƲһ·ŵػɽȥ
ĳ֮أڷɶ֮䣬Ȼɫһף۵һһѪ漴æһɽ֮ϣϢ
ʱշͨ˿£ֱ޷ֿӿкֻ֣ǣ޷䶯ʥħͨˡ˵꣬˫Ŀһա

Ǽһص֮Ҷɲһݶƪķʮ֮ãһֻþֽƣԼ׼ӳڳĽơ
ųٴϹȻˮǴߣһԾﵽ˾Žأ⻹ûиϳĽ࣬һʱ䣬Ϲһ׷ϱĸ߶ȣҲܴﵽŽأҪϹűڵõĺô
һҶɵγһƬϿգ˵ؾԭڵԶ࣬Ҳյ·̡
˫ŵһ㣬¡¡һ죬ͬˮһӿѺֶһɽεض
󣬴˴ԭȫģȻΪһƬɽԭǧҶɱɽǰʿҪƬҲҪµʱ䣬ɼ֮󣬸֮㡣
ҶĳһСƬɽɽգŵļɽ壬£Զɽһ⣬ȴǰݶƪóġ
޷˳ΣҲȫ֮󣬵Ҫʵһûмصǰ档˵껰Ҷһ֮ǰǧֻա
Ҷָָ㣬еವһûĳɽ֮ڣе棬еû˸գҶһĲ
޷ǰǳλóɽ壬ټһ𣬲Ž֡
Ҫ룬밴ǳ任λſɣǳλʱ䣬ÿÿʱڱ任Ҳ˵ÿνȥķλͬ
֪ԭǴ˽ȥһΣ´ñǰͬķҲԽ롣
Ȼѡһνͬʱ䣬ӦǳǿԽģֻּʲΪ˻뵽˵㡣
Ƕôԭôκʱ䶼ֻǣʱҪķѺܾãǶ˲ƽƵĻҲҪķʱ䰴ǳ֮λҵڡ
󣬵Ȼ޷ֻǰĳҪ󣬺ķĪɽˣ֣һǴҪģ޷Ҳֻ˶Ŀˡ
Խ֮óֻȴֲĻһռһ㣬ִȱںԣҪ޷ϣڡ
ˣҲ޷ҶȻִ㣬һֱûʱ䲻֪ҲûʲôҪǴ˷֪ʱҶǲܺķ˴ʱġ
Ҷɽһֻ֮漴֮Ƭռ۰ջǵɽ壬˸âºӦպ󣬽ŵɢƬռָ
Ҷһ漴˿գ˵棬һɽ϶شУʱǰɽ嵲·ʱתʱתʱˣȥͬԹͬһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ˫̤һɽɽͬʱɽһǷһһɫлֶ
ٺ٣֪ԭҪӲѣǿܱҴײУҶ˵껰΢΢һЦ


776 
Ҷڽ󷨲ϡ
һ׵ʯڣмһҶɵգԴһ֮󣬱һʯŷȥ
ʯң޷ڣȥǱɽǵˣҲڣƽ޷˵صġ
ҶɲûгȥʯҲ֪ɶ˶ãǳ˵ڶʯңһ࣬Ҳһ
Ҷһ̤˴һһҶɵӰʧͬһʱ䣬СʯһϣҶɵӰ
˼ʯҴŶʮɴСȻһ󣬲ȴûʯţһĻ֮š
ٺ٣ʯڵĽƣԵֵһЩˡҶ뿪漴һǽ˹Ļ֮ڡ
ʯұҶɲһֻýԸĶһЩȻڱʶֻ֮Ҷˣܴܲ˵ؽԼʶշš
һƬʵĿռڣҶֳһöһӣһֶһûУлʧ
һṦһƬԪŨĿռڣܿտյҲûʲôֲȥ˵أֽеֿռ䡣
ҶɵӰգ˵ÿζɽѰڽǳ֮ҲЩ鷳ˣöռ䴫ͷɣ˵껰ҶɱϥһķųһЩϡ

ػɽڣǣԼƲƷƣǼˮ״ƷȥоҲûпȻ
Ǻǣѣˣ㻹һֱоֻǴûʲôЧҶӦÿóˡƲƷһƣҡͷ
ͷ̾ϢһǶõ˱ĳûʲôջ񣬲оŵǲİ
ѵ˵ЦˣˣҶˣƲʵ
ǰʱ䴫ϵ²óĽƣ֮ǰǸһЩ𣬻ϣѾԸǣʼ޽̨ˡ
ϲ̨޽ãҶѾҪ½ˣҲʱұķ½ɽ磬֮Ҽûġͷ˵˵һ䡣

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ʮɸߵĺɫ˵֮ϣҶֳһöɫ˰գ΢ЦĿ
ԭǰƫֻһֱûʲôã񾭹Ҷ¼һ֮󣬱ǰ˴˵أÿעһֱ֣Ϊɵ౦
˼Ƭ̣ҶһɫϼһҶɵӰʧͬһʱ䣬ɽϿգҶɵӰ
丩Ƭɽãоʶ֮Էۣ漴һ뿪˴˵أس֮󣬱ǽɫѣԼȡ棬֮ٴλصֿռ֮ڡ
صһ죡
ƫм䣬һ֮޵ĳεض𣬿ȥƻֺ꣬ǰӰһ˷֮ɫ
ֱҶɡ顢ϹԼ÷ˣ
ǣԺǵļҡһ˵˵
ˣԹʵԽСϹ΢Ц
ʦ˰ȫãѵҪ÷ɫһʵ
Ҷüͷһ壺˷ҽ̨޽ȣԼһûȥɽķУҪȥӳչڻ˶١
ˣ֪ܷɢ֣һЩϹɫһϾϹűõ˲Сĺô
ȻԣԺǵļңҶ˵꣬һ֮£һöɫУ漴÷
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лʦ𣡡÷һ֮ɫӲҶǰʲôЦ
Ϲ޷죬ԼһЩ󷨽Ʋٿطｻ㣬Ժ֮ͽˣҶٴóｻϹ
˷ģһľغóڵʱǾ壬ԼöѣҶչ˺ãϹæ֤һ䡣
ԭֻԨһҶ뿪ԨѾǸˣɽ磬ߵĸ߶ȣϹĹһûҶɣϹ붼롣
ã÷ɽֿռ䣬һɲ˽Դ룬Ѿֱ½ƣ÷Ժٳ౦Ϣ
֮⣬κ˲ý룬౦;Ժ˵ӣڳɵסҶɷԸϣ˼æͷ¡
Ҷɶһαʮ֮ãǰƲԶСһ漴ȥǵ˿̨޽ȣЩչԼ༸ҶҪĲϣһȡ˻
ʮȥҶȻûд취½磬ȥɽ磬о׼ǰ޽˽̨ȻӴ󣬵ҶҲʲôϾ½¹ش󣬲ȴҶɰľȷһ޽ġ
ڣҶһ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢Уƺ˼ʲô
Ȼ½޷ɽʱ޷룬ֻȴ̨ˣʱ䵹ǿ԰ıչǱޡ
Ҷɵ뷨ܼ򵥣һлܹﵽط֮֮½鶼ˣֻûʲôҩʱִ٣ҶɲûʲôģҲֻһΰˣܹΪøȹۺ
ʱ仺ţ˷չҶģһΣҲʷɽչõһΣйһΪһﵽ˰Բ֮
ҶĿ֮ʣȻ˫ĿһгһöɫϢ֮Ҷɲüͷһ壺ΧȻվȣ˼Ҷɵһģ֮£ʧ˳֮ڡ


777 
ػɽһĽɫڡ
ǣƲԶգɫ΢ףŽƹ֮ˣۣۣԼϹ֣
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΢΢һЦѣϷֻҪ㽻õǼرϷλѳ˵ء
Щ̫ˣԶһߺȣҶɵӰģ֮£ǳߡ
Ҷѣˣһɣ漴˽ƹ֣ҶڴˣԵֿۣˣƲ֮£Ҳʲô
ѣô£Ҷɼûгأ֪ʲôۻϱ˹ǡ
ĳҲ֪£۾˰ҵػɽҡüͷһ塣
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ٺ٣öֻིҪѽǼرｻҵȻߣ΢΢һЦ
ʲôر˫ĿһС
ȻϹűڵõģɫһ
Ҷɿ˿ۣۣĪ˵ûʲôУΪνɣ
ϷԸིϷ뷨֮ǼҪˡʼ硣
Ǻǣ֪ʲô˴ģҶĳǲͬ⣬֪ܷԸҶЦЦɢһɰ
˫ĿһУҶѣ֪Ǽ˽鲻㲻ػߵģһ뿪˵ʲôʱ򻹻գ䣬ȣڽԱȫ
ҶĳͳפػɽֺηҶһۣϹ֣ȷʵҪҶĳԣԱϣҶ˫Ŀһ˿⡣
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ˣҶ˵껰˿ۣ˷ƵҶĳȫ֣ѵĺ𣿡
ҶѶԼţʼ磬Ҳ֪ٶ꾿кӲҶɡ
ȻˣΪѵİΣҶĳֻóһսˣҶɫһ˵
ಡ
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أ죬ϹֺԥͻȻֹƲų˶սһ
Ҷңңӣ˭ûȳ֣ҶΪĵĵطɢɫ˿˲ַԲֻػ㣬γһʱԶԿ۵˲ͨ
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ԸۣҶĳòһҶɻ䣬ȻüһתȥǺһȭԭյգȻ۵Ӱȭͷһ
صһ졣
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ϴ˲ʵҶɫһ˵о۴˷ʩչ֮ǿࡣ
ٺ٣ϴֲƴαʩչȫҪһЩֵģѵҶϴʩչȫۻ䣬һ֮£һֻɫëʳС
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״ҶɫһгǹֶΪһâŽɫһնȥ߸һӴ֮£бǱһҵı졣
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أ죡
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۵һһīɫ˿ƿг̼ǽԼɹɢ漴ɫ˿һŤ֮£˳źɫӶϡ
ɫ̱˰գԶԶȥΪ˴εһ㣬Ҷɲ˫Ŀһû뵽ɫƿ֮󣬾ȻֻرĿռֲ֮˼ɵˣһ˱ߡ
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Ѫһģ֮û뵽֮УһĿâײһУ۵һ죬һʹϸɫ֣ڼɫŸַ֮˿
ʲôľȻоΣһľ޴ѹǹٶ̫죬ڹ֮ҪȻ֮
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һṦɫȻ¶ʹ֮ɫκСż丹һ飬·ʲôҪŶһ㡣
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ļһ𣬶ԷԭˣһԼʶ֮Щߣǿɡ
սԷҪߣֱ׾٣Լֻ֮Ҫ䳹׻ɱҲ޷
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ڴ֮˶ԻҶһȻ޷֮̽ڣȴǿԽ龳˿²Щ
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ϣгһգҵҲ˳ŷХ˵꣬ǿ¶˼֮ɫ˱Ĭ

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Ҷĳĸһ˿ˣҽᣡԱϣҶһźȥ漴Ȼһȭŷŭ֮ɫ
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ҶϺɫһһֻر·ȻһУһһɫΪ޷̫ѹҶɲȫ߶
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ĸĸԣȽֻ֮ĻԸ㸸ĸͬھǵӰת˵һ䲻˿еĻҲû˿顣
Ҷɿò֮ȴȻһ𣺡ʲôô㣿ܰҶ˵껰¶֮ɫֻ÷ܰգİ


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Ҷɣ뿭ŷХǿ˶УҶɵĸĸҶһ֮󣬱ǻصľһЩҶҲøĸ֪ⵣġ
ҶѣˣЩ˻ˣȻ㸸ĸǣϷ»һӡŷХ̾ϢҶ˵ƽཻҲûпʲô
ǺǣӦòٻˣҶпЦ˵ˣԼЩһϯҲ֪ΪԼãǵԼص磬ڤĶȥ鷳
ˣҶѴ˷½磬׼ʱ䣿Ͻ㸸ĸصɽ磿뿭оһʵ
Ҷüͷһ壬ڵ˷˵뷵ɽ磬²̫ܣԺʱ˵ɣҶΪ䵽ŽٰأûзʯǾԲָܻˡ
˵ʵ˺ȥ棬ɽûˣҲҪĽϵˣˡ
ŶԷɽ磿ѵͨٴλٻˣǺãǿ¶֮ɫȻԪޣ½ûгԣ䣬ţ˳ҲлΪһ죬ȻֻʱȴǳԹ
ҲõģϽҲǰãպðһҲ徻ڡҶ΢Ц˵ҲǶԼһְο
䰵ҺȻصɽǿΪϣʵ޷ǿǿΪ˾Լĸѣ޷ȻǿҶʼջЩӰҲҶԭͲ뿴ǿΪκԭ䡣
ҲãҶѻص磬պÿԸǽһЩɽľʣ˵ҵպҲЩ洦˳㿪۽硣뿭һЦ˵
Ҷ˴գ漴صľ븸ĸžһԱչصϢϵһֱѹƣ˿ҶԼ֪صġ
Ҷ񲹳ŽһƵתָ˾Žٰ۷״̬ȴٽһ
ûзʯٶҲԻָ֮ʯ޷ָľ磬ƿҪʯ
ǰֻǲ֪ɽˣڿɽ֮£Ҳһˣ˵껰Ҷ¶һ˿ɬ


794 þ
ڤڣ
ҶɣȺڴڣƺʲô
Ҷǰû뵽˷½磬뵽Ϸ򣬺Ǻǣ֪ɽһпɺãҶ΢΢һЦ
һãһǧʱ䣬㵹ǽڤڵˣʱ·ϿһЩš
ڤڵʵȻڶ򣬵ȴ׷һԪǺǣҪϲӣ֮ͨҶû뵽ڤڷչ֮졣
ҶǰˣⶼҪǰȻѾͨȷûǰһ˿
Ѿͷʵǫ飬ȻЩܽͨҲһڤܷչ֮죬Ϊ籾вٵĹޡ
Щ޷ɢĹ֮ڣ޶ڤ죬Щеɢޣȫڤڡ
ϾֻôһţϷҲǼһЩˣˣҶǰ˷½磬֪׼϶ãȺһ䡣
ҶɫһӦò̫뿪ˣҶĳЩ뵤ҩ˷͸λ۶ӽ׶ɽ٣ΪһЩô
ԱϣҶɵһ˦һöָȺһ㶣ŴָãҶ֮󣬲ŷִﾹȻһ֮
⣬̫ˣ⼸ͨҵȴ洦ˣ֪ڤǺȺִָһöɫ򣬻๦ϣһЩһЩƷҩͶڹЩ档
˱͸ӷ߶Իû׹ãвٿ֮պʺϹȻӵʵԴ߶ʮ֮һܣӣɽҲϳ˱ġ˱Ҷ֮ãҲսˡ
⣬˹֮ʵ޷ȡɫһ
ӲؿҲҶĳٵģǻػᦣѰ֮ʱӶ˲СҶɵ˵ͷ
̿˿ҶɣƬ̺΢΢˵ͷ̾ϢһƺԼҶɵĲ࣬ѾԽԽԶˣһɽϳ˱ﶼͣɼֶξһ㡣
һǧȺƺЩ˽̵˼΢ЦҶǰ˹֮ɼӵ֮Ϸûඣ
ȻŴ˻кùһЩ˱ҶҲ˵ģȻиˣȴûʲô֣ҶҲóȺĻֻҶҲǵʢ֮ʱ֮ʱԴµҲûнʲô
ˣЩ͸ǣԻڤʵǿ٣ҲˣҶĳЩ飬ȸˣԺлᣬҶλȥɽһҶն
Ҷǰæüһ塣
ոշ磬϶ܶ࣬ĴݷһЩѣҲգϷǿҶǰ鴦ϣҵںúþ۾ۡȺһЦ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷһк֮һ֮ʧȺ˵ؿеĴָЩʧ֮󣬲ɵҡͷ̾һ

ԥݣ÷ǣ
ҶһլǰдŷҶ֣ſվҶ֮Щɻ󣬵ҶɵΪɲ⣬
λǰˣһڵ˵
ڣҶʵ
ڣȥͨҵææܵͥԺڣһṦһ۵ӣҶǰ
·ʯ񣬲֪λǰҪμ᣿ЩɻĿ˿Ҷɣɫдһ˿裬ϾҶʵɲˣ˭ᵣĶԷ鷳
ڣҶüͷһ塣
һ㶣漴һЩ裬ҡͷ̾ϢһԭҼģǰ߰ٶǰԪľѾˡ
Ҷ̾ϢһΣ
ٶǰƿһ⣬׽֮£ЩȻ
Ҷɰ޳˷ǣƬֶ̺һöָ㷽ҷЩ飬ȻѾ٣Щͽǰɣ÷ҶּӤʿ
Ҫлһ̧ͷҶʧŴָо˺һᣬŷǴ֮Ʒ֮ʱ¶֮ɫһϲȻ˴ˡ

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ǰ׳һ࣬㣬Ĵ֮أҲøӹ
Ҷգ˫Ŀ΢еĿžһṦԶӰֱһһꡣ
ˣû뵽ôȥڴ˵س֣ɫһ˵
Ҷת˿ˣ΢ЦȻ׵˻Ӥڡ
ǵػֻޣֻޣ껹޷Σֻĸ׽ٶƫֻﵽ˻Ӥ۷ѣ޵ԪȴǱƾ˲١
ǰʲôԸ˿һ䣬ϴŹ֮ɫ䷢ҶɱȵϢҪۺ񣬼Էͷ˿ѹ˶ǾѹС
˷Ҫȥ鿴µ°ӣγɵģҲٺˣȻҹвҲһЩ
⼸ϵҩͽˣӦúʺʹãҶ˵껰׳һöָ漴֪ʹ÷
Ƭ̺ҶɵһΣһöīɫСƿУһҶ״īɫƣľеõ컯ƿ
ľļ䣬ҶҲ챦˽⣬䲻пֲĹܣƿиǱж죬мĺôҶҪûдɵҲ˿ĺת
˱һЧȻ㲻ʲôɽ磬һĴڡ
ľ䱾ľԹԲŻ᳣ڲľŨĵط䱦Ҳ̺һ˿ľԹ֮
ټ֮ľ䳤¼֮߶֮£˱ɿؼ¾Ӷƿ۳ɫҺ컯¶佽ľֲ꣬ɽٴ죬
ϧû֮޷ı۳컯¶ֻʣԭЩͶˣ˵껰ҶһСƿֶɣһת֮£ǳ֮ϣһεδεҺʶ൹֮ϡ
һĻˣĸ𾪵ĿУȻһۿɼٶȻ仺˺ʱ챦һǧҩǶʱͿɴ죿
Ҷƺ˶˵飬пɬһЦҪɲǼǧǳģǼʮϰ꣬ʹ컯¶ҲֻԸһﲻʱġ
Ȼû֮Ͼ̺һ˿طԣǽ𣬴˱ӵԣҲ¾ֻ֮컯¶ٶȣĳˣ޷ﵽΪʩǰٶȡ
ˣЩ컯¶ԽıڽµǣǰĻرɣԺҲƺΪˣɣҶ˵껰ɫСƿһĳž°ӶȥĿɿڴĸӣ


795 ջ
£һͨڻһӣ
ҶվڰӸͬˮ֮ӣɵüͷһ壬ܸоֹĲ
ǰʵûзʲôȴǿģĸӦƬ·ɢŨ֮Ӧ۳ġ
ʵ޷غѹ̫ܶǿЩ鿴һ£ʲô֮˵껰ҶɱǶݹһŵȥ
ڵҶ˰ң䲻ľŽٰصΪа֮ã֪˵¶Ȼûʲô֣ȴԼӦһʶϢ
ףƲҶɺȻһ˿޵ĽƲڵºĵط룬ſоһ˿һɽɢɣҲû뷢⴦쳣
Ƭ̣ҶСļȥպڷһڼ̳һĽƣڲ
ø󷨣ƺһտռ䣬ڸϢһ󷨣ҶɵǰһʮɴСļ̳Ϊ⣬Ҷ޷⵽ھʲô
ۣܿҶɵλˣֳڤɻ꽣漴ǽƹңңһն
ݣ
һɫƥصĺ˽ϣֻǹҡƬ̣ϼһǰȻ
ҶһԪ۹ĵ¶һһЩʵ֮ˣ¶֮̿ɫоƵҲ֪ô¡
ȻʵҲƿ˽ƣҶ˫ĿһУʼƣоƽ֮Ҳûʲô¡
ºҶַ̧ųʮֻ죬ʼƽ˽ƹ֣ʱ仺ţʱ䣬ƹȻ
һգƹֺȻһζҶɴ΢΢һһ⸲˽ƹ֮ϡ
ºصһ죬ƹѶһɼŨճҺɫ֮ɢھŽٰʵҶɣҲһ漴һ
̳ĴһߴСʯ̨ƯһСɫľӨʯɢһȶصɽû˭ܹϳҶȴ˫Ŀһ¶֮ɫ
ķʯôܣҶһ㶣漴¶ϲ֮ɫ
һ˦ɫСƿڰյһת֮£ƿһǿʼ˼̳ڣǶڻ֪µ֮
˰µĹ򣬴˵ص֮ǼȡɾҶɫСƿɵðң֣»û취ȡ˶Ĺ֮Ԫ˵һĲƷ
Ҷɻʯ̨Ƿʯգƣ֮쳣Ũֻʵ벻ףΪַʯԼҲΪ񣬿»Ὣ˵ʲôаϾʵ̫ء
Ҷɲҵ飬æȡʮϣȻԳɢ伱æڳһöյĴָʯָһ㺮˪
û֮ʯĹҲ޷ѹƣⴢָò˶þҪˣҶҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ҷնɱľ֮ǰһֱΪҲʹôָľ֮׷Ҷ鼱֮¼æбߣʶΣҲûзľĴָҶɲæ뿪ⱻ׷ϡ
Ҷɻصֻشľǲȱļ֮󣬲ŵ֪粢ôָֿռ䡣
񾳿ԸܵƿһЩ֮ٳһ˽˴ռ䣬ֻ֮Ҫһռͻ֣߳ʱȡֿռڴ洢ı
Ϊֿռй֮ƣԼǷʯ棬ҲʲôӰ죬ϾСͿռʵһؿռ䣬Ǵִָ洢ռ䱦ɽԽָΪռ䱦ý飬Թ֮Ϊý飬ޣȴʵ֮䡣
ҶɰԲ²⣬ľʯұȻռ֮УֲûҵĴָĻľķʯҲҪ䵽ҶɵУֻǲ֪Ƿ˽ռߡ
Ҳ޷ٳռ䣬ֻܽʯʱڴָˣҼǰٹڵԴ򿪹ֿ֮ռ䡣Ҷ̾Ϣ
Ƭ̺ҶЩϧĵֻϧҪָΪҪչʯͬʱʹòſԡ
һʯõҲԻָΪһ˷һ˵ʯпڤĴڣ̫֮أҵĹ϶ȲǺܸߡ
Ҳգַܹʯʵ֮ϲҶɵϣ¶Ц⡣
˿ʯӡڴ˵Ѿ֪ˣ̳Ϊ˷շʯͨΪ֮۳ɢֲõΪ㲻Իǵͨġ
Ҳǵΰֲղһ֮󣬽ƬΪ֮
ûزãһ̺ķʯͳΪ˳磬Ҷ˫Ŀһе˵ȴԲ²˵ĿģƬ̣Ҷһʧ

ϣĸϴŵ֮ɫԭĺúõأټҶ컯¶˲٣ӽ죬ĸӶ˲һ˷ܡ
ڲǰ·һ죬Ȼɢһļµ֮ĸӶΪԵʣæԶԶı֮ܿɵ˾֮⡣
õʱ䣬ǹ֮ŽҲûµ֣֮ĸӶ˻صϣȻЩ㣬ԭصһʣĿݻ䣬˲֮ὫٵϾԱˡ
৵һ˵֮ʣҶɵڵһЩήֻЩȻ֮ɫû̫⡣
ǲصģ𣬴˵ز֮ˣò˶ãĵᱻ֮ǣġ
ʱĸ绢Ǹ߼ǚһ֮ˣ֮Ǵ򶷣ҲǵĶ֡Ҷ΢Ц˵
µ棿л˳֮һҲ¶м֮ɫҶ΢Цĵ˵ͷ漴һʧ

һºҶɵγһϿգɢŵڤ֮ҶЩĿԶ
ҶɵĸżӰֱԬ졢֡ԴĿ˽֮ɫ
ǧ겻֪λĹͨĵõ˺εȵزĶǷˣҶɿ˿ˣ΢΢һЦ˵


796 ľ
˷ģĻĽ磬ɲǰǰ֪ˣ벻ڻĽѾѧ˵󷨽ƣԼһЩĹʵһ΢Ц
Ǿͺãֻϧ޷ı򣬲ܽĽ̺ͨڤ֮һؽ䡣Ҷ̾ϢһΪڣǿԽڤ֮룬ǵȥ
ʵҲܺˣ绹֪жնԴ˳ֹĽ֮Щ˼ȫŽһģûз߽ˣƽ͵ǺܺáЦЦ
ҶɰͷĻĽ磬γһǵУȻҪ빴ĶǵС
еʱݵľǷеˣֻ½֮۹ޣԴ߽飬ȴǶԸ߲νڴ
п뵽ģֻǶ˵ʵԼԼвоѾﵽ޵еĴڣԻᰲ泩ɣʵֻǷ˵һĽֻܹ󵽸߲֮˵ķ⡣
۹Զ⣬ΪλˣΪ˱ϾֻǷˣ۹ޣ
ﵽǸ֮ʱŷȻˣƺԶҲûֹֻλˣ˽⵽㺬壬ʱҲѾ뷲̥Ϊ˱Ľȴĸˣ
ʱ򼴱ΣҲҪԵİݣҪ㹻ʵֵһôˣҪ㹻ʵԴȻ
˽ҶûȥҶɶҲṆ̀ԶõģʵЩпᡣ
νľ밲ݣ޷һ̬ȷѪɽ֮УػɽγһƲԺγǷеˣ
ɽ֮磬Ȼϵˣ˴ڵĵطͻֹˣֻҪЩ˼ڣͻҶɱҰޡ
һ߼Ľ棬һĹ򻷾;һİ״Ľ֮УȻѾӽνİݾĹ
䣬ҶɾԼƺʲôЩģоľδйȻ񾳣ûĴ䣬Ͳ̬ˡ
ĽĹ򻷾һȻżȻγɵģƿ˿ԸıһĹôǲζţĹ򻷾ı䣬Ϊİݾ
ǵΪ񾳣ƺҲ£ֻ֮̺ع֮仯ǧƺؼĹȴЩԳײ͸
ҶɺȻ֣Լֻ֮򣬱ǰһ㣬ƺֻһ㱡Ĵֽͱƣ׽ֻ֮
˼ҶʱȻҲûдʲôȻҲɵĻǲȫ򣬵Ҳоľÿ˶һĺô
ǱޱȵĽ̵ĵ֮£ˣ˶ܹõһĪջֻǺܿϧֻᲢ˶еģʱǰҲܱ˲Ĳ
Ľ𣬶Ͻ֮ңԬЩɻһ䣬Ҳǿ˿Ҷɡ
Ǻǣû磬ȻͬĽһ㣬֪˹Ķ˲ϣֻɻԽܡ
ˣǰΪǿʳ˸߲ΣôˣһĹʵԽܣվʵʵڵʵ
ӵиıʵҲֻܽӦǽٶ࣬Ȼɻ
Ϊľ뾳粻ǿƽˣһ죬һУܵԼ̫֮ʱ۹ǶôĶǳҾһҶ˵껰ڴ˵ؾĬ
˭Ҳûдţʮ֮ãҶɲ˫ĿһȻɣȴǳŨŨĲɣУ˲¶𾪡
ʮʱ䣬Ҷƺ˼ʮ֮ãϵϢҲһЩ仯
Ҷϻ¶Ц뾪ϲĬƬ̣俪ڵû뵽Ԩܹ˴ջ񣬼ǿʯһȣҲòֵһᣡ
ϲˣֵȻҶʲôջ񣬵ǹĵһ
ˣҪĿģǹλһЩ﹦ǺǴУ˵أǰһæҶ˵껰ȡһöָ澡һЩ߼ͨԼҩԴ˹֡
ˣҪ뿪𣿡Դ˿Ҷɡ
ԭҴʱ򣬽ĽͨǴ磬ǻɣͬɽͨһ㣬ЩǺ£ڴ󲿷˲Ǻ¡
޷⣬ֻԴ벻Σǵѡ񣬴гһ֮ʱһڤ֮Ƭڤ֮أʱ磬ԺǷڻĽ磬ͿλѡˡҶɻ˵
лˣ뿪ڡ
ˣǵĽƣ类ҽˣԺƺˣԪ۹֮ˣ˷׼ȥ޹һȺΪ֮ҪˣҶ˵껰ĿһԬ죬΢΢˵ͷ
˹ĿУҶһģ֮£ʧ˴ƬأɫһʼҶ˵ÿһ仰

ºϾɽ
ҶϾɽΧӴʶ֮ͷŶƬ̺䷢һЩʵޣԼһЩĽƣܲеĽƻӤڱƳ
ɽгϾɽµĵطʹʧУһ̤룬ҵ·ܾͳΪһЩ޵ĸ֮ʳֻǲ֪˵кءҶ˼˵漴һ˿ϾɽȥھҶԶʱ򣬱Խӽֺ


797 
һºϾɽ
Ҷһɽգ˵صѾŨҶɣҲò⣬ֿضΡ
˵Ȼûд󷨣ϾɽĵεòȴǸı˴˴һСƬĹ򣬴ӶԴԴϵ
ǿްΣ޷뿪˽ֻʧ򣬹ֲñ֮Ϊأ˵ؾȻ޷֮ͬ
ֻΪɽ壬˵ӦȻɵģһЩǰҲ˴ڵĵطֻʱǨ֪γأ
ҶɷԴԨԺ󣬼ԼԾŽʵӦطҲԽȻûлָǰǰ͸ԱͨŽǿġ
֪ľĹϵǶֻ֮ĸ̣Բܸķط򡣡Ҷ΢΢һЦǻһŽڣԷִ˵صİ˵ԺԲоһ󷨣̺֮󷨣Ȼġ
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պҶɸо˵ûʲô֮ҲʵûʲôضԣǶݹһϾɽ֮ȥģ֮£ʧϾɽΧ

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ҶѣʮˣϷҪ֪ȥɽڰݻˣٺ٣ڣҶ΢Ц
ǺǣѣҶĳص磬Ҳһֱûڳʱ䣬֮ǰֻȥԪ۹תһȦȻˣǧҪҶЦЦ
ҹһˣܿϷƽཻѾϷˣղ㽲ɽ֮£ϷЩпû뵽ϽҲǰã˾ȻҲˡ̾Ϣһ
ˣôûгƿϾͨڱţӦòʲôģѵ뿭һ㣬Ԫ֮ʱڳƿҶһ䡣
üͷһ壬ЦסҶѷۣٶǰ뿭һͬǶڷɽû̫ա
Ҷ˾帣ݵһʱ䣬Ԫ֮ʱһƿ·׽٣ʱ򼴱ҲԩϾһЩ¡
ȻһԪʱɽٳɹʻ󽵵ͣǸоڶɽ٣Ҳʵûʲôϣġ̾Ϣһ
ԭˣɵ׽٣ϽҲǼңԼܽǴߣɽǽʱȻͬ½һ׽١
ЩҩԼɽĵãЩֿ׽ٵķԼӶɽٳɹʵıʱʱ򣬲һ¡Ҷ˵껰Ƕһöָ˵ʹ÷
˫Ŀһ¶ϲ֮ɫʵҶȥϽ磬Ҳһжĺôɽ߽ڶ࣬ܿΣҲ࣬׽һǿң½
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ҶѣϷͲˣͻһЩĻᣡһ˷ָܵ
һЩ飬Ҷɼ򵥵ĽһЩţٶԷЩҲ˵һЩȵı仯Ҷ֮ãŶǡ
Ҷѣߣæ֮Ϸǰȥɽڰݻᣡɫһ˵֪Ҷڶǻʲô飬Ҳ
ãʱҶĳæ꣬Ȼλúûһǣ˵껰Ҷɹ˹֣һģʧЩĽЦЦ漴æ˿еĴָƵĴҴҷ˴

ĸº󣬹սú
ҶڻúԵּӤʿǱ˳һ֮ɫһȻǶԼѻһ
ԭֻǼֻǿޣٺ٣ǵõڴ˵ҲʵֲޣͨڶԵֿǼӤڸΣˣӳǽҡҶ˵껰һŻú֮зȥ
ףô죬벻ˣһΪ൱ֲѾﵽ˻ӤԲϡһʿ˵˵
ͨڽ룬ΣգҵҲˣ˶ǰҪѣˣϿ뿪ⱻ˳û٣һʿ˵꣬˱ǼæԶݶߡ
ЩʱˣۼҲһΪ棬ܱܿΪ۽ƣжһЩͽʿ۹⿴ҶҲǻӤԲΪҲͨڣҲﵽҶָ߶ȣŻ֪ԼǶôĿЦ
һºҶɲĻúĴңңĿԶһˮɵ¶ɻ֮ɫ
֮ǰļֻޣֻһЩȻӤڵĴڣʵһ㣬ǰȻûпޣȴоɵϢֳԽɽڵޣҶЩɻ
Ƭ̣ҶӴʶ֮Ƭ򣬵ʼûзͨϵޣȻú޷࣬Զͨʿ˺㲻ʲôء
Ҷɿ˽⣬úǰ򵥣ϾԼټϺҲ˵úЩ춯Ҷɲ˫ĿһУǰȥ
ףֲϢҶɻ䣬ϺȻֳһֻȫڣʮ֮޵Σſ޿֮£һˮܾʿɱȣϯһֲֿܣҶɺȥ
Ȼʵ壿⡭ɽϢѵɽͶӰ磿ĪɽĿռڵ㣬Դ֮䣿Ҷоһһ۱ǿ㲢ʵ壬ǵֲܿˮҶֻĳһƣ׵ؽ顣


798 ̸ɱ
ɽģҶɿ˿Ǿ޴㣬ɫһ˵
ԣǾ޴ֹͣԵ㾹ȻɽˣȻǱ޷ľʵʿ
ٺ٣벻˴Ȼпռڵ㣬ֲûúνǿĴڣʿ޷ֿ޷뿪ú̫ԶԭֻһͶӰ
ҶûлشԷԼǿޣԼ޵Ҳ޷ֿҺõֻû׷ԭǸ޷뿪ֻǵ۽ޣֻǽ䵱˻úеǿû뵽ȻɽĴڡ
ɽսң֪ˮ½սΣҶɺȻһ䡣
̽ɽϢ룬ٺ٣֪Ϊ½磿Цһ䡣
Ҷüͷһ壺ú꣬һֱǽأһֱڵֻҶĳ벻ףһҪʲô
ߣǶˮԴȻҪȡһ£½˶ޣҲһ࣬ҲԴɽΪūۡ˵
ԣҶüͷһ壺ūࣿ룡ԱϣҶɫһǰһĶȥһһ޴۶ص֮ϡ
һҽУСӣгһȥɽ磬ˣһ߷ͶӰٵΪݣߣ
һ޴ͶӰѶܿռ伸Ťϸ΢ѷֶȻҶѾȻԳܡ
ռڵ㣬ǿԴͨȥɽ磬˵а취صɽģΪҪͨռڵ㣿ѵɽ½ͨҲٵˣҶЩɻ֮ɫ
Ƭ̣䵥һΣڤɻ꽣УڷУ̽Եǰңңһնһɫƥ
صһ죬һĿâѶһСĿռѷֶܲϸ΢ѷ졣
Ҷɿ˿ںĿռѷ죬ɵüͷһ壺ʩչȫԴͨڵ㣬˴ռЩԳ״ͨ磡
Ƭ̣Ҷ˫ĿһУӴϢͷŶܷЩԵޣȫԶԶߣٴ˴̫ҶҲǻһξ롣
Ƭ̺Ҷ˫սڹע˺ڽ֮ڣ˷Ҷ׼ʩչȫǰֻ̽һѡ
һ
Ҷɳ֣ܿռȻЩŤһѼĹ˿Ϊ棬Ҷһһ˿Ҷ˰ա
̼䣬Ҷɫ԰ޱȣͷһϢ½룬ڷйͣһ˿סҶɵΣԼ׵֮
ãѹ̫֮ǿҶɼæϢ޷ȫ֣򶨻ܽ淨֮ѹƣһգش侳Ҳûпܡ
Ƭ̺ɫ԰׵ҶɻָƽٲǿʩչȫƮεĹ֮˿ʧҲΪһޡ
ҶҡͷЦ漴˺ɫ̾Ϣһ벻ʧȥʵССĽѹ֮Ĺ޷ֿ
˻кܴģȻ綼Ҷȫнѹƣʩչͨһ֮ͻή٣пܽʿش
ԶԣͲصֹƣΪͿƿҸıһֹ򣬶ССĽѹ֮ױԵֿȥ
Ҳȫ֣Ϊ˷ֻܻٵһ飬ܻٵһ档
Ŀֲ֮񾳣Ҳش䣬ֻҪ֤治ǿֵģֻҪշִѣ˵˶һƣֻǷʽͬˣ
ɽ綨Ȼȫֻ֣㳤ʱ䶼޷ͨڵ㣬ǲܴͨˣϾ޷ʩչȫġҶɻҡͷԭ׼̽СϢƻˡ
ҶɽƬ򶼹һȦȻûʲô֮ⷢ󣬱ǶݹһŻúԵȥ
أٺ٣ԭúصģȻһռڵ㣬úǿĴڣֻǲʱֵ˵麣޶ѣҶ۽磬Ȼо˵ûʲô֮μģ֮£ʧ˴Ƭգ

ºɽڣ
뿭ŷХǿ˸һöָϷ׷״Ÿм֮ɫĿҶɣЩ˷֮⡣
ҶѣһϷɽٵİձӲ٣뿭Ŵָװ֮뷮Ĳࡣ
ŷХæڣҿҪлҶˣ٣ҵҩ۷񽻸൤ҩϷʵΪ
λؿͬΪ֮ˣҶĳ֮ʱλҲҶĳΪչˣҶĳЩ֮ʱȻһ¡ҶЦЦ
ǿ˿ҶɣͷҵЩ빦еԼҩֲ꣬ȫƳԺ֮УҪͨǿˡ
ȻԽԽãһҲӲٵģ뿭΢ЦǵͷһЦ
ˣ֮ǰһյأΨǧ»δȥ˷׼ȥǧ¿˳ϸĸٻǣҶ˵˵
ŶҶѻʮһֱûţʱʱ䰲ǺúþһɽƣȻһζ뿭һЦ
ǿҲ֪ǲƵԵʣȻ˫Ŀһʱ䰲Һúþ۾ۣϷҲ˳㳢ɽƣ
ǺǣǺãҶĳȸˣ´֮󣬶֪ͨλҶЦЦоȻδиȻڣ
˼ҶľҶ븸ĸ˵Եɣ˳һɫۣһ뿪ɽڡ
ǿп֮ɫοĵ˵ͷ벻Ҷߵĸ߶ȣ˶Ĺʵ֮£뿭ŷХԣҲ΢Цĵ˵ͷĿҶȥ


799 ǰ
ݣ
ȻŨ̶ȱȶ̶࣬ȣȴǲȶ϶٣ݵһǧڣɽҲǡ
ǧھ˵лӤԲʿĹҲЩ֮ΪΪʵǿᣬֻһļֵܱƺһЩ
ǧȻһҶ󣬵ݻһʥأǾҩȣǻӤ۷壬Ȼʵǧڣ˵ǧţҩȵĹҲмӡ
һգͷ֪ΪγһǧɽŴƺʲô
ŵҲ̫ˣϷҼҩ˻ûд룬һЩε˵ȴǺ֮ɫ
ƹɲܹңǧȻưԣϾʵޣֲɽôӴǧڵĵӣҩˣЩԹȴ΢΢һЦ
ˣǻƹ
ˣϷ˷㣬׼һǧ£˵мζҩȥһȥ˳ٻҲþû۾ˣƹЦЦ
ҲãҴ˷Ҳд⣬֪ͨˣʵ
֪ͨҲٵģȥҩȰɣúһ£ƹ˵껰һöŷ漴ҩȷȥ

һºҩȣڣ
ҶɣҶ죬ٶٻ˶Уƺʲôٻϣһֱžϲ֮ɫһ˿ɫʡ
Ҷɸ磬ʲôʱģٻϲʵ
ûãٻôҶЦЦ
ٻͷٻãҲûʲôΣա
ٻƹ𣿡Ҷ쿪һ䣬ٶڻٻһԣϱһŻٻúһ졣
ҶҸȥǧڣ˵Ҫҽ壬һȥǧҼҩٻ񾲵ЦЦ
ٻʱôҲûȥǣĸˣٶŻٻ֡΢Ц˵
ĸһֱ׼Ҫң˵һ˶һһֱûʱ䣡ٻ峺Ĺʡ
ˣɶٻδҲЩ˵ȥϢˣ㸸׻ٽһҶһЦüŪ֮£ٶʹһ㶮ɫٶĵ˵ͷ˿ҶٻһۣöЩΣ
Ҷ򸾸վ뿪ֻſڹϼһֶǻƹ壬ˣ
Ҷɣ
ˣ
ʱ½ģ
˽־ϲĿҶɣ漴Ҷ򸾴һкٻ˼䣬˷׷
ƹҶɻҲһǺÿడҡͷǴͷ
ϷҲ֪£֮˵ˣ˷½粻֪ܴãƹ˿Ҷɣž⡣
û׼ʱأܶһʱ䣬ƹɺãȹϲһΪˡҶ΢΢һЦ
ϷˣΪǲ̫ں޷ǶһЩԪˣ˵֮ϣƹЩŵ˵Ȼ֮нչ
Ҷɣ벻һصݣҲ˵ȥһֱۣӾܵ￴ٻӣЩЦ˵
ǣҪ˵ȥҲͰˣϾ֪ݵĶȥֵûˣݺݵ̾Ϣһһʧ֮ʹļ׵ӣôװ̫١
ǺǣŷɶҩȵģɲַɶɫѣٶԭΪҶɽһ䣬ɫһ˲ȻһЦٻɫĿҪγѪһ㣬һۣæ˳ȥٶ
㿴ɣӳҶǰʱ㽿߹ͨ˿壡Ȥ˵
ˣȻλ۵һҲţƷƱţƣ͵Ҷɳˣ˿Ҷɣ˵ͷͬ⡣
ҶҲûж˵һľ֮ϣһӣһֻɫƺֶ漴һ㣬һ𣬼ϸСֶ̼䣬۳˼ֻƱȥ侫¡
ٺ٣˾ǲһƷƵľƱȻ˶ƹ΢΢һЦ漴Ҷλϣƺֻյ
Ũľ㣡޵
ɶӦЩɣҶҲǸо˴˾ƵĲ֮
˾ΪңɽƵר֮ƣһ˵ȷԵõҶɴŽһЩƵңʷԲզ࣬벻Ȼܹȵ˼ƣҶ첻ϲô˵ҲɵƱš
λĳȲˣ˵꣬Ʊڴߣ֮ºһңһ
һ̣Ȼ˫Ŀһоһɳ鲼ȫһĪǾþòΪҲһЩӡ
˿Ŀܵӣк棬漴һţ˽˫Ŀһգң֮еǹ
Ҷɿ΢΢һЦյƷһڣϤζҶ˾Ƶ۰ƲԣΪֿ꣬ԼҶЩ
˻һ漴¶˷֮ɫþ޷ͻƵͨƿȻһ˿ɶ̫˼ˡ
ϷҲоƿɶƺʱӤԲ֮ƹɫ˵˵
ƺҵƿҲɶˣɶ⵱ֻôЧҶЩ˼˵
ҶЦЦѾ׾Žڣ´˾ƶǶΪͻƿЧһļֵһһٵ֮ϣͨµİȻǿġ
̫಻˵ÿ˶һΪӦò⣬ﻹЩҩֱǽͨ׶ɽ٣ƹ״Բĵҩ
ȻһЩɽڣԼϵĵãɽһЩɱҩԴԺ洦࣬㹻֧Ÿλɽˣ
˵ŻҶȡöֱָ𽻸˻ƹˣҸ֪Ǵָʹ֮һ˷ܲѡ
Ҷֱ˴ŽһЩɽ羭ţм֮ʱҶɾ˵ļһЩҲʱ¶ǣûԵ֮ʱ¶˷֮ɫýζһ˿ڴͶеӡ
ָԽһЩԼԼЩı仯ݵĸֵȱ仯Ҷǲʱѯһ䣬ȻһǧδҾ֮࣬Ȼ޷ĥҶɡ˵ֵ֮顣
Ҳ̸۾ߵͣҲоɽȷѪֻ꣬ǳ̸һЩԵļţԼÿ˶ϵĿиδ˼֮飬Ҳûйͬԣͬ˼Ҿۻһ㣬˺ͺ֣ҶҲǺϲеĸоɽκʱҲûиоգ䲻Щ
޴ڣñֻеķΧڣĸܵգܹܵһ㡣
ܷ񳹵ƿأܷ񳹵򣬾Ϳˡ
һİڴ˵س֣ǸܵǵзΧҲҵһҵȵзΧҲ޷ʲô뿪͸оЩİ˵ķΧ
ñȻܹоܹƿһЩȴ޷͸Ҫ֮ҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ
ˣ룬Ҫһֹ򣬾ͱҪĳֹֻУУȫ뵽ֹ򣬲
ҾзΧһӣȫУȻԵǸıգһģվһֹ򣡡ҶɴһоЩ仯ؼ䷨֮䲻˫Ŀһգܿռ䷢ͳ֮
˲ûиоʲô仯ȻҲ޷ȫҶɵĻҶЩ֣صı˫ۣҲ֪ڲǴϵʱ˲ɫһտڲĵȴҶɡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һȣǼ֮ãʱ仺ţʮ֮ҶҲû˿


800 ֻ֮ͫ
ҩȣ
ʮȥҶȻ˿ƹҲû˿֮ɫʼȴһʱ䣬ȫĿ
ٶٻΣ˵ӣҲûǰɴڵҸλãҲϥ
ʱ仺ţתۼֹȥ֮ãЩ޵֮ʱʵûʲôڴ֮в֪ñǹȥˡ
һգںȻһֹĲһѼĹ˿ֶڴŤ䶯ֻֻܸо춯ȴ޷ֹ˿
Ҷ֮⣬ȫ춯ѣ׷׾ɲĿ˿ڣֿ˿Ҷɣ£ŷı䡣
˿ԽԽ࣬飬ȻɫĹ˿ʵһʵƹ˶Լ俴һЩ
ѵǣط֮Ȼüһ˵Ǿɲ
ɫڴڻʣÿһ˵壬ȴǸо˿˺ֻԼƺȻеһ׵һ㣬ȴ΢΢
ַ·վںߣӭź˱棬ż仹һݣԿֻ֣ܵǸоܶݣƺÿһ˿̺ؼһȻ򣬾˳ִδй鵱С
Ȼ䣬Ҷɵâ˸ɢɫĹϼƺΧĹ֮ңңӦںϵһһ㡣
ɻ֮䣬˼һĻˣ
Ҷɵɫϼ˸ʼŤʱʱðСޱȣʱ˸͸ӣƺΪһ㣬ֱͲڵӣΪʶɨȥȻ޷ҶɣоؼںһƬصһ֣
ۣ죡
Ҷɵ˫۱ѶΪһɫĹ˿뵽ܵĹ֮˿֮ڣȫң
һṦɫȴǳ˵ų֮Ҷ˫˿ų⣬ŬҲ޷ٴνɫӣ
ˢһ£
ɫһҶɵ˫ۻָʧҶɵɫ΢ף˫ۣ˲һ
Ҷɵ˫Ŀ֮УԼ˸״У䡢һ֮£һѣΣ޷԰Σһʧ״̬
ƹȻоԼصͯʱڣ뵽˹ȥ޷ѣԺһͯʱڵĻ·侳ϲʱ¶ͯЦݣȫ״̬ǶԵǶôĿֱֲɱ졣
Ҷоâһһãæǵ״аӡǻʧ漴һ죬¶֮ɫңңһ㣡
৵һһɫĹ˿˲ûڣҲ֪Ǻֹ֮ʧĻ˻½ѣ
ٴοҶɵ˫Ŀ֮ʱЩҶҲ¶֮ɫ
һ˫۾ֱ޷ݳ䣬ŨŨĲɣ֮⣬ƺޱϲκҲ侪㲨
ƺ仯ڳУҶɼһ˲ɣʵڲóϣֱͬһʯ񣬷·˼ʮ˪ϴһ㣬˳
Ҷɴ˿ûж˵ʲôȴǰ˷û뵽ڶۣȻԼһͨ
һ߶֮ʱлӡǣֻҪ˿УʩߵĿƣָּ߽仭档
ͨǻһʵļطţ˵ʵʵȥδĳʱΣҶɸͨȥһֻ֮֡ͫ
Ȼһ߽ϴͨҲǶݵʧˣһУҲʩǿйء
Һ÷ֵļʱҿԶȥҲ޷ѹҶɰҡͷһˣԼɾǧˣɱҲԽлںˡ
ǰƹҶ£ǿ˵һ䡣
λûʲô°ɣҶɼæѯɨڳÿһˣҡͷ΢ЦҶɲŷ
˷һͨҶЩԼ뵽ؼ֮УܻЩ͸˫֮ǱؼĹųҶɸоԼѾԽԽ
벻ԾŽڣͬһܡƿһֱֹֻ֮֮˼飬ڳûû֮ĵ޼
һָ񾳣ʵȻԶǴǰɱȣڹ֮շ棬ҪԶԶ߹ľģսֻ֮ҲԽսʤ
ȻⶼҪָ񾳽˵ֻ̫࣬ǹ߰ˡҶл뵽
Ҷɻ˳һЩǰĸ򣬼Ҷɵ£Ҳ֮ãҲ
Ǵż⣬׷׽ңҩԣʼչҶɲŶԻصһ侲֮ڣǵһҩȣٻΪ˾ȸ׼Ǽ侲ң
ȻǾŽٰأǱȻ񣬵ȴԶԶԽһЩˣӦ޼ģɽƽ棬Ӧҵˣ
侳磬޷֮ʱȷήҡЩһ겻֪»ᳰЦԱ̬֮ͣˣȻһ겻ǺҲֻԶ磬ˣЦ߲ӣ
Һõûзʼձһ˿ִ磬ʵֻǱһֻشܴУӲĽʵ񾳣ǿһӣһ⣡
޹ȫԽ統һ棬Ҹȥ磬ֻȥֻشܴУбмأҪ
ڤڤаţֻһȣ˵ֻΪȥܴжȥ磬˷аңûо䣬Ҳ򡣡Ҷ˼˵
Ƭ̺䵥ȭϴһ˿΢Цٺ٣ԾŽչ֮κһ񶼲ţ
֨
죬Ҷɵ˼һűɫȹȵٻӰſڣһϤܰ㣬̼侲ң
ٻҶɿˣɵ΢΢һЦ
ٻ÷ţ΢죬һľ棬ľ֮ϣȹڣֻһ˿תĬĬؿҶɣ
ٻˣĸôûҶֻ֪Ʒң𣬸Ͻȥչˣ֪Ϊûٶ
ĸ˵ҲЩټһЩҩҲ沮鸮֮бչȥˣٻ˵Ц⣬ȴЩɬ
ŶҶɵ˵ͷ漴ЦЦٻЩÿɺã׻ӤԲ֮ԵһӦҲԳͨƿ˰ɣ
Ҷɸ磬ٻоղ󣬾ûҳƿЩҲûʲôģľٻء
Ҷɸһа취ٻȫ׵ģٻЦЦ۾г״ȥȿɰֽߵӡ
ҶɺȻ뵽˴ǰٻΪԼɽʦͽ֣ԼĴѰҾٻʱǸ㲵ģԼǱ֤һᱣģһֱѹֵǷУƺҲҡ


801 ǧ
Ȼһ㰲ȫ׵ģˣ㸸ҪȥǧѰҺҩҸպ׼ȥǧ£˳ɼһЩҶɫһ˵
ȥǧ£ٻҲȥպڼбãԳȥɢɢˣٻ̸˵˵
ȻҪʲôҩȥʵϣӦÿ֪ģٻȥٻƺǸӣҲҶɻػææ˳ȥ
ǺǣٻҶЦЦ
һṦ򣬻ٻٴ˽̧˦Ҷһö߽ӹһɵЦЦϴҩҡҶɸҪ˵ԼУȻ뵽ֻ֮֡
ռҩģ类ˣͲ֪״Σ·ͻȻΪ˾ȳĸҶҲûüռƷȡ
ôҶɸ磿Ҷ˼ٻüһһ䡣
ûʲôҩģҶûУǺǣֻʣϴļ֣ҪǧϸҲУҶЩε˵
ھȥɣǶڱչأٻ΢Ц
΢˼Ƭ̣ҶɵͷҲã֪ͨҩȳһǳغóϸһ˵ȥǧ£Ҳû׼ǻʱǻûгأ
ãٻӦһ֪ҩȳԼҶȥǧ£˳Ҳλ˱뿪ҩȣ

ºǧ±Ե
ʿնɱһֻޣһһӰڸ߿ռӹ漸ʿԸоһ춯̧ͷۿ֮ʱﻹаӰ
߰պǧһСĺɫУվӰֱҶɣٻԼź۵꣬Ǻ飬ŽʵٻȻ鲻ʵ֮ٻҲİ
ǣȻصˣȻôģҲûжʣû¾ȥľ꣬Ȼûȫɣһʵȴ˲١
Ҷٻվںڽ֮ϣʱܵķ羰̸Цһöļأʱ뿪ڽĴѼҩ
·ȻֻȻӤڵޣȻӦҶɵʵҲܸоٻʵԶԶߡ
ڼֻͨʵޣʵǿᣬҶһϢֻһţʵεޣǸоһԿܵѹ׷ɢӴܡ
Ҷɸ磬ǧ¾ʲôأΪͨڶ룿Ĵյ㶼𣿡ٻһ䡣
ǺǣǧкҵȷյȴЩ⣬Ҳʲô̫أҶɽյظٻһ
ʲôϾɽԳɹԨԳһ磿úȻϽޣɣ⣿ٻĸоⶼ⣬治֪ʲôĵطˣҶɵ۽羿ﵽĸ߶ȣٻ˼
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ףƺһǹȥҶɺȻʲôڽĳ·ȥڼȻҲһЩЩƵĽҲҶɵʶ䷢沢ûʲô۵ıûȤȻЩ⡣
Ƭ̺ǧһ·˵棬ҶٻգɽǺںĶڡ
ǣȻɽĽƣӻʿõģȻʲô˵˵һ䡣
ӦǰʿõģֻԶ֮ĥѣȻҪǿһЩȥ㱣ٻҶ֣ص鼱æͷٻһů
һɽ֮ڣһͨЩ谵Ҷһгֵ⣬ͨ
ףȻڱʶ֮ѹƵֻʣ˰ɣٻȻɫ΢䣬ҶڣûеʲôƺҶһäĿš
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û˽֮˿ͨ߹հƣһʯңʯŽգϴһ޵ĽƲ
ҶɷԸʲôŽٰصΪʵں壬ֳֺڽʯңңһնһصһʯһΣȴǰȻⲻĺɫЩѿ
ǣ˵Ĳ⻹һʿõĽƣҼȹַ̣ǿֱǳãһ˿¸޷ƿɽǡϲĿܣֲûд򿪽ƵĹʧΪû
ȿȣҶɸɿһȻ׺˼ٻҲһЦᣬٲҷϻƸǹ۲һ漴˫ֳֽĻӽֱʯ֮ϡ
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ʯѾƿ¶ĳ򵥵һʯңһ߿ݹǣֽɫҶ˫ĿһУȷһʿ
ֻϲƣ֪Ϊλڴ˵ɣȻûгӯӦ˵ɣǿҪһƾõʱ䣬ҶҲ޷жϣ˾߿ݹǾʲô漴ʯط
ףжٻȻڵ漴ݹǸһӣһɫУſݹǺ󱳼һնȥ
صһ죬ĽݹǱɵ߿մҲû˿ˣֻǵ˼ڹݹֵ˵棬һ˿΢Ľâ
ٻСģҶɺȻ˫ĿһУһģ¼ӰٻһڻУʯһԶȥҶɵоһ磬н΢΢һ


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৵һݹǽâһȻһɫƥն˻ٻովĵطն֮۵һû˺ǽڣһİ۳֣ܱ鲼Ѻۡ
ĽͨͨʿҲõֵǰһ֮Ҷɫһ˵ȻԼŻٻæ
ٻ΢죬ɬлҶɸ磬Ȼٻ¾ΣˣҲҪֺ˵ķʽǲ뱻˵õĶ
ǺǣвʰɣնɱһˣڶǻὫĶߣˣٻôᷢ˼жģҶЩɻ
ΪҶǰҲһۿݹǣ漴ʯطȻֻǴԵɨһûзʲôٻһӤԲôܷܵģȻԼҲúü鲻©Ҷɻһ䡣
Ҷɸѵ㵱ҩȣڱʶ֮һһ۾ͿݣٻֻǲöѡٻһЦԼЩС⡣
Ǻǣˣ˼һö飬ȡĴָһ𣡡Ҷɿɲûٻȥգ
Ӧһ˿ݹǸֳֺڽȥһṦ򣬱˳伹֮УҵһöϵĴָһժ£Ҷɡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ׵ıǽָӡĨ漴ʶһֶ룬Ƭ̺䲻¶֮̾⡣
ָУ洢࣬Ҳв٣ƿ߽׵ҩԼһЩɽ纱ҩֻҩеѾȫš
ֻ֣ǵһһ˿ڷɽȴҶ˫ĿһƷ׼ߣܲӡ
һöһ׽󣬱ö˰Ҷɷ澹Ȼһ˿֮ǰҲǵ֮
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˿ϵҶܽں֮ڣӼӣ֪ʲôѵǺͨ
˵ŻҶɽĽƳʶ֮Уһ㶣漴¶Ц֮⣬һݶûУҲûʲôͨ
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ףԣǰƺֹĵͼҶɽʾ֭˰Ҳû䲻ε̾Ϣһ
ôҶɸ磿ٻҶ¶ݣæеһ䡣
ûʲôǻȥɣûʲôϡĶˣȥҽ׽ıһ½̸㣬ӦܲģҶ˵껰ǴŻٻͨȥ

һһϷڶɽڣ붫սɹŽ㴦һƬ룬Ϊ룡
˴Ⱥɽ룬ն˵˵ϡղӰһЩͽȴżʡ
ڵ뷶ΧڣһΪ֪ϿȣΪƷȡ֣Լ俴̵ֲ׳ɫ޻䡣
ֵǣڴ˵Ҳٳ֣һֻͨҰ޶Ǻѷ֡
һֻֻĴָСĻƷ䣬ȴɵķڻ֮Уٶޱȣֱͬ˲һ㣬ڻ²ӰӰһ껨ϣٴγִֻƷӰ
Ʒȵײʲô޳Ⱥĵط෴Ũܱ紺һСϪʶ
СϪԱߣһªéݣһűɫȹȵٻӰСϪԡ
䵥Ϫˮֻƽ죬ֻĴָСĿֲƷ䣬ȻϷشֲͣ˿û˺Ů˼
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ٻǰǾˣֻʦ˼ҾʱһʦԣӰһ˵Ż¶Ȼ֮ɫ
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Ҷ˼Ƭ̣óһöհ޸ĺõĽӡڣ漴ȡһöֱָװ׷ɽһǧõһֻͨĹɱ
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ҶȻ˽ٻܹĿ࣬꾭շתѰٻڹżҺϾȳٻ֮ʱѾ˿Բѡ
ǽ֮ʱٻԼţΪԼѾ˻ΣǰҶɵλãˣҶҲ˻ٻı
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ԵҽܻٻҲҸκγŵֻΪ֮ʱҶɲѵʶҪȻǶʱǰ򵥣ҲҲҶ޷ſ飬΢΢Щҡ
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ֵܵı֣ҪһˣԺҲóƺƲ˶ԲüĴȤ
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ˣ°ϣĺһиСɣһЩλٰ죬ҷıãЦЦ˵ͷͬ⣡

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ǰĬĬôһСطȴ񣬴ĹǴСţǸߵͽɢޣһЩչزϹ׷ҩӿμⳡʢᣬҪһ㽻顣
ȻҶ˵üһ㣬ȴûϵˣڽаţҶɵ֮ˣ˶ǧڣϯд˳㽫ǧڵҲ˲٣׷Ҫύš
˲֮Уȴǲҽ䰲ǧڣΪλĴ֮һսɽԪ˾ͽлǿնɱ½ͨ
Ԫųգ½ǰɷ֮ʧܣ׺֮Уȴһĵӽ֮ͨʵ
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㳡мյϣʮŮŮ·㣬赸ʮٻӰǴ£㳡ϲгա
ף㣿ʱҶɺȻȺзһӰЩȻ֮ɫĿ˽ԣ


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λҶĳ¶࣬кдܻ£Ҷɿ˵
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ҶɵͷһЦһһк֮󣬱һž޴ʯλ˿ʯܼտյҶ֮⣬ֻлٻԣֱҶƹ
һṦȷɽ뿭ŷХǿڤȺ̣ڽİ£׷̵ֻ֮Уʱһ˿Ȼ֮ɫٻĿ˿һۣһЦ
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ҶɸҪжֻҩϿһһռѷֶһ֮ڣһŶɫȹȣƮ裬Ů·ٻӰ֣漴ʧռѷϡ

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СɿҶɵֱۣҪٶҶٻϲӣ΢΢һ£漴Ϲ΢Ц
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⡭ðɣС˵ͷ˼һЩ漴Ҷ뿪˾ңСЩĿ˿ԶĿ

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ԸɣȥϾɽҶɽʯС·һ·ȡʯ˳˼֮£뿪ǧ·Χ
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Ҷ˫ĿһУСһۣ漴һ˱ǽ֮ͨУлʧռѷ

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ףĳ侲ڣһź۵ϥƺӦʲô漴˫ĿһЩ򶷵
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߿Ӱ󣬲ɵɫһ䣺ӣ㣬㲻Ƿѵ㡭ԭȻɫò԰ˣɽһǿߡԻʣ
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Իʣɱƽ֮ʱҾ͸߹㣬һ½磬һὫʬΣǱ𣡡Сŭ˵
Ҷɲû˵ЩʲôԻƺҲûаҶɷϣҶɵǲںС·Ҳ˵ԸԻʲҪҶɶ֣СҪֱ
㣬Ǵ½ģ㡭ԻЩ˵ǧ±߰ͬǿ߰ΧҲΣ壬һݺɽ֮ãδй֡
С࣬ȴ״¶˾⣬ڸ޷СǳټС֮ʱԻȻԴֵĵز
ӣ϶ŹϷҿԸһܣӵľأԻƺץסһݣæСҶɵķӦ
˵ĿʯҶһ˵
Ұ֪Ķǣʵ׷ɱҪĿģΪ˴£ֻϧŵͼ󶼽ӣµһʵģԻľ˵һˮЩţʱԸ°Ŀ˵Ի˵Ĺ
ǺǣˣʯܣͲҪ˵ʲôˣҶ˵껰漴˿С࣬ߵͷ⡣
Իʣڣ˵ŻСһӣһɫĹ˿ϷɲѣڳĳҶ֮⣬˸Էֻ֣Իǿ޵ķּ֮˿ѡ
֮ãԻʼæһ̧֣С༤漴ݹһ𣬱Զɶݶȥ
أأ
ĵ񱩵ļȻͬʱԱһž޴Ľڶ𣬿ֲನܿɢľ޴ܣ˼ǿߣ˸Եֿ
Ȼ䣬ֻС˫һռȻǱƿನֹͣɢͬ˰һ㣬󼸸Ť֮£ʧȺ֮ززǿ˳˸ܶԸ˵ģԻʶ֮ززôܻ
СҪΪֹͿ̿Իʸ޷ӵõԶҲʵԴһӵ
СһԶһץǰһиֶ
Ҳ֪ԶںδԻʣȻÿռһһ޴иֶαһֻεĴֽһץϽ֮ڣ
ͬһʱ䣬СǰڣԻʵӰһĵֶһֻδ˰գһ֮ɫĿ˿С࣬漴ɫһ
صһ죬ԻʾȻԱһȵ˲ֻδֵ񱩵ϯ
ףС΢΢¶Ȼ֮ɫԻʵϢȻʧƬģСɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺӦʲôæתҶɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶԿռ䲨һһӲӵС˸ֶгһСĽ룬ȵصҶɵĺأһɽʵһĴڷƴЩʵ˷ʤ
СѾͷϷ֪޷ԸһԪԱʩչһǿŲƵС
֪ûڣҲ·һСӵһ֮䣬֪ģһڣ˱
Ϸѡ񣬵һͬھڶħģ벻ɱϷҲñֶңҪɽɣ㿼һ°ɣԻʵӤ˵껰Ҷһ¶һ˿֮⣡


809 
ҴӦ㣬Ҫ˺ˡСĻδ˵꣡
صһ죡
Իֳ룬ҶɱвС֮ʱҶɵκȻҶͬһʱ䣬С԰âһҶɵ۶
С࣬δ̫ļˣƾҲ˵ңٺ٣Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵
ǵˣС໰δ䣬һ̧֮£ңңһ㣬ԻӤڰգ޷ƶֺ
㲻ɱң֮ǰѾӦˣԻ˵ԭΪҶöԸϾԼһǿߣϧ͵Ϯһͬףһ˾Եֵû뵽Ҷɲ֪ʲôԼǰʵ壬ȻΪһƷĴڡ
ߣҵвңôŹ㣿Сɫһ˵
ҶüһڵС࣬ҲʧˣԼԺľӰ죬ʵҲԲɱ㽫Ϊ䵽ɾѴһɽкܶԸɱģϾ˲٣˵Լ¶ᷴˮ
㣬㱰СˣԻʲֱָۣҶƿиǾԱԻʶûеʲôԪӤ壬ֻʣһл꣬ԻҲа취ָΪ
ֻһʱ䳤⣬һƵԼ֮֮£ԼԺΪ
ǰɽ߰ǵ˲ˣͣڽɾ磬ǽһôµ飿ֱĥˣɽ磬Լ֮ˣԺ
𱰱ɣûܱȵùԻʣöƹ½弸ϣ˿˵鲻ȷʵԲɱ㣡С˵꣬һӡ
৵һ
һɫĹ˿漴ûԻڣԻֻоʲô仯˼ˣӦ˵һָı䣬˵ˡ
һҽУԻ˫ֱͷɫŤһΪȻ½˽ɳڣʹ಻ѣȻһ䵽˵淭
Ҳ֪˶ãԻʽָȻ֣ԭԻʹֵصȻ۹ⲻƵĿԻʣ׷¶һ˿Ϸ֮ɫ
ɴԲǰԻʶָҪǵֻڣƺһˡ
Իһ֮£Ѹ׳һԱӤԶݶߣŭ֮ɫȴЩ޿κε̾Ϣһɽ磬ûаˣһ֮ʣɽһǿϵıǵ˿ǲ٣

һºɽ磬ɽ
˵ؾɽһս֮лþʧһǽ壬ΪһƬлþͷǽį
һסһӰգҶСˣ
ˣû뵽㰲ŵأɽ֮ҪƿӦǺˣС࿴˿Զ΢΢һЦ˵
Ȼסλ˫ۣҶЦЦ
ЦСָ࣬񾳣ʵȻ֮ϣϾھܴ֮ɲܹģСһЦ
৵һ
ʱԶһݹ⣬ģ֮£ǳ˶ǰ俴Ҷ֮¶ϲ֮ɫСЩɲ
ϲҶѷɽ磬ˣǰǴε㾿ǲǷ磿ǣӵҶ֪ͨǰ
ǺǣǷ磬ǡɽɣˣҸǽһ£λӣҶֶСλصǣ
ѣ㣡С΢΢һЦûʲôݡ
ˣһ£䷢ҶɵΪԼȻЩ͸仹ܹӦӦǾŽٰأλӣǿһҲʲôʵ䰵²⣬ʲô챦Կ̽
ӣϷǳҶᵽǵõҶļ٣Ҫȥɽһλѣ¶ˡ
ֻϧͨ⣬ҶûԸϷҶѰˣǸп˵һ䣬Сһůǲ˵СȻ֪
СлˣлˣС࿴˿Ҷɣ˵һ䣡
ˣȻصϢһ£۵ҲˣҶ˵껰һһֶͨ
˫ĿһҶѺֶΣˣ˷Ҳ۵ˣǲüͷһ壬۵˳ûΪҶɡ
Ҷ˻ͨʧƬ̺󣬳ڣ˻Ҷ΢΢һЦôкβ֮
ǿЦһҶѿ»֪ΪԴʹҺݹ֮һ֮С
ʩչ˲ƣֱһαȴǰǿֲ̫ˣҾ˵ϹűڵõһƪͨҲѾгɡ
۵֮ɽܵУǷ֮ͨ£Ѫϴɽ綼пʵѾǿˣֱǿֲ˵꣬һ˿ɫ
Ŷ۾Ȼ˵زҶЦЦСһȴû˵Щʲô˿ȥ⣬ǲüһ
ҶѣϷʵʵ˵˰ɣȻưɽ磬ʼһԸδˣǾǵõʥħ֮һ̫ԣֱﵽ˷ĵزǲòСģⲻáǿЩӣһ䡣
ҶЦЦѲصģ۲һǿӲֶεģ˵ҲһĶ֡Ҷ˵껰˱
ҶƺӦʲô䵥һһöһ٣һͨڳڻ֣һṦĵӰ֡
˷ֱۡۡۡϹ֣
ҶѣȻ㣬δ˷׷۱оâһ˵˵һ䣡


810 ߹
ǺǣλѱҶ΢΢һЦ˵
λǣۿ˿С࣬Щɻʵ
ɽһλӣҶɽϣС˴һкھû˵Щʲô˫Ŀ΢ĿۣϾϹű棬С֪Ҷйڡ
ҶѣǰǴ󾿾ô£ǲǷ磿ϹЩʵ
ǺǣǴЩ⣬ֻȥɽѣдˣм֪ҿܻ뿪ɽһʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҳϣ˴ţҲϣɽˣҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣһٺ٣Ҷ˵ĹȻʴ壬Ȼ漰ɽڳ𼶱ǿɾͲǹ˵˵Уֻ˵Ҫʵ
ۻ䣬һӴϢһţо˸˲˫ĿһУⳡսƺ޷⣬˴඼µ۳Ҷһս
ʵҶЦЦ֪ҪʲôʵóʲôʵҶĳĻҶЩƵӡ
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Ҳã¸պһͨҶѳȥдһˣǵĲУҲԴϰֵģ˵꣬Ŀ˿Сࡣ
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ʲô˼ǣϷǰֵûУϢʱ䣿ߣһϢʱӣŭһһη֣ܿռ䲨һ˲ʧ
״˰һãüͷһ壬оҲǻ̫嶯ˣ˼æҶ֮Ϊ˲֮󣬶Ȼȥ͵ϮҶɡ
һ
Ȼ䣬ռ䶼ŤһѼͬˮĹ˿鲼֮ڣС鲻¶Ȼ֮ɫҶܼŤĿռ䣬ԭâ΢˫֣󽥽ȥϲĿҶɡ
صһ
һĻˣԭ֮âһռ伫Ťɫ԰׵ֶһ֮£صԭľ֮ϣв֮ɫЩŵĿҶɡ
ʲô㾹Ȼܹȫƿʱչ֮Ϸλõ㣬ǡѵѾˣ۴һ֮˲ɫ䣬һɲĿҶɡ
ǺǣˣҶĳڻûдﵽ񾳣ȷʵԷ֮յĸ͸һЩˣʱշ֮
ʩչ˲ǡҪռ䷨֮ǰҶĳˣʱҲ޷赲㣬ֲ֮ǰġ
ʵҶĳҲܻ֮ͣǰʵģ۲Ըʩչ֮ͨһλᣡ赭д˵
ãҵȥԣĶص˵
أ֮ǰһ㣬Ϣܳ˵ңӮҶƽ˵
۽һΪ˳˼ĺʥħ壬Ҳòƴһѣֲɱ䲻ɫһ
৵һ۵һϢǣǰȻֳɫ⣬ʩչһܲСͨ
ҶСˣϹűڵõĲƪͨҿΡ۵Ļû˵ֻ꣬صһ졣
Ҷɵκ׵ĳԣ丽һκȻѶⲻԼɫһ䣬ҶɵӰֻһģ֮£ٴλصԼ֮ϡ
Ҷɿ΢ͣסĶɵ΢΢һЦϢʱѹǰҶĳ֣Ѿˣ˲̺һ˿ռ
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Ҷѵﵽ񾳣۾ȻֵûУϹȻܵͣǱ˸
ɫһ䣬âһ֮£ΰθһȵͷŶҶѣ㾡ʩչʥħ壬Ϸ򿴿ҵ֮ʥħ񻹲˶١
أֱҶĳ֮ҶһΪ֮ʱǶԷʥħȫһܸԼ˺Ȼ񾳽䣬֮ǰ˲٣ҲԲֿܹͨġ
ֻƮȻҶһȭҶһĻǰһģð㷨ӳ֣Ҳûתӡ
صһ졣
Ҷֱ΢΢һ𣬶۵ȭͷײҶ֮һ৵һɶҲ֪⣬޵иպõԼδ
λѣ֪ҶĳǷɽ˵仰ʵҶ˵꣬΢΢һЦ˿ûһʤ֮ϲãȴǲѿҶɵϣѾ¶һְ
Ҷ̫ˣѾﵽ񾳵ʵɽ˵仰ȻзġϹЦ
ԵüҶѳ֣Ϸң۲ɵ۽һ
۹˹֣Ϸ˵Ҷɽǵһǿߣ֪Ƿ˷ԣ
Ȼ˷ԣҲǾϲ˵û뵽Ҷɵʵﵽ֮ǿ漴˿ۡ
ɽҶѿʵһǿߵĸ֣ٺ٣ɽԻָտɴǵĻȻ˵ҶʵһҶ˵񣬶ȻһߣҲ涥ǿ߲еĴڡ
ҿˣҶĳûȿǵʵ֮ǰҲûȫ֣ˣ˷Ҷĳصɽ磬һλҶɫһ
ŶҶѺ뽲֣ص˵ʱҶ˵һ仰˿ܶ˼ܾãһ˲õĴ£ЩޣҲ֪ԼҶɵĲ࣬²ֻǱЩ


811 ϵ
Ҷĳ֣ϵЩ̫ƣŽʵ⣬ҾŽپԽ󣬾Žٰѣһʵ˵ֿ˴׽١
һҲ˸߽׵ʿ֣ȥɽؽĵ·ҵھŴη׽ٿȸһһ;Ҷɫһ˵
ףҶҲ뷨ɫһ˵
һ㶣漴΢Цٺ٣λϷҲ£ϵһı䣬һЩϸھͻı䣬׼Ҳı仯
˵оһͨߴһϷûʲô⣬´µϵϷʵЩѣ
˲ɫһ׷׿ҶɣȻ˵˻ӦЩüĿǡ
ʵҶĳҲûʲôȫ֮ߣֻһһеȷһЩ뷨վоһ¡
ⲻᱻ̫֮ѹƣŽȫԲֳ󾳽磬ÿ󾳽ΪϡС¡ԲĸС硣
һֻҪܽ״󾳽ɹСҪײ٣ÿӦ׽Ҳ̫ңŽٰؼȻɽ𣬲ͽ𾳣λΣҶЦ
գ֮Ϊʥߣɳ֮Ϊʥƺ뷨˵Ҳǵͷͬ⣬оλƺС
ȴüƺ޷ؼÿ󾳽СӦҶѲĵҲ͸ֻϸ޷ƣƺ̸ֽͬһ㣬ʵŷ
츣ɽ֮£ҶĳҶϣмöһЩϸϵ飬ԼԾ̵Ľ⡣
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˿֮󣬲ɵþþ޷ƽҶ˵ǫ飬ʵϸ֮Ƶİţһϵ侫ܣʵ߸˵֪
СյĹ۲δоâ˸Ҷɵһ˿⡣
ҶѣȻûн񾳣ط任֮ʵҵȿᲢ۵ġ
һϵƾϸϷ򿴵õһЩоЩطԼӸĶܻɫһ˵
ϴϲɫмĳҲвͬȻҲϵܵĳԼƾ󣬿û
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ȻˣǸλͽЩûȥһ£ܸƵĸҲΪɽһݹףҶĳպҲ׼չһʱ䣡ҶƺЩͿ͵˼
ٺ٣Ϸд⣬֮ҸоĳԼвСĺôлҶͣǱһԵĵҪ󣡡Ϲ˵꣬վΡ
ãϷҲ׼һȻúñչһʱ䣬Կռ䷨̣֮һê̼˲ͨʩչлҶѡЦ
ǣ˷׷
ĳҲȻصػɽˣҶʲô飬ʱ֪ͨңվ
ҶЦվλɽįһ֪ǰ򣬶ȻܵԵĴлλǢദҿҪ뿪һʱ䣬Ҷĳʱ򣬲ϣλ򣡡Ҷɫһ֤˵
֮ǰҶ˵˻˿ҲһЦ֮˶Ҷɵ۹⣬Ƿ˿Ƿ˷츲صı仯
ģɽֻʣ⼸϶ʲô¶˵ģҶҲ࣬ǣ˵꣬תȥۣϹ֣˹ֿһǸ˳ȥ
ҶѣҪҵĵطܿڣƿ֮ʱϷȻΪ㻤ҾͻȺչһʱ䣬ǣҶ˼䣬ͨһṦ򣬼Ӱȫʧڻָ˰

պ󣬳ĳ侲ң
ˣѾɣƶװڴﱦҲӰС࿴˿öɫѣɫص˵Ǵһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
Ҷ̾ϢһҲãˣӦüǵã֮ǰܵˣ˷պÿԿǷԽѣ
㣿ֲûС˵껰ںɫѷ촦˼£Ҷһһ侲ڡ
Ʋᣬ֪ڵܷҶɫһ˵漴˿ɫ԰ףĺ㣡
Сǰ۲ãűϻһģĬãС಻üһ壺ˣ̫أ꼸ɢСʵûѣ
Ҷ̾ϢһҲû̫⣬ͷðɣȻˣҺúðһ֮ǾͿ뿪ˣ
ˣ㻹Ͽȡʯ𣿻ǻָΪҪģСɫһ
ǻص½֮Ҳܰչأʱɽ磬ϾҪǼڴ˵ҲܰȫһЩΨ⣡Ҷ˵꣬С˸кϹһһЩ뵤ҩ뿪˳

պ磬ҩȣ
ٻҪչһʱ䣬Щҩ׶ɽӦòģ˷չغҿҪ뿪һʱ䣬Ҫúñأĳ侲ڣҶɫһ˵
Ҷɸ磬㾡ܱչؾǣصٻ͸õʲôˣٻ΢΢һЦ
ĸǱѾ׵ٻûаգҲȲųƿģϾǴԲ֮ٻǧԪҸĸ״ԲԪҲӣеһʯҲˣҶ̾Ϣһ
һᣬ˼շ˰޶Ҷͳͳ֮С໤Ҷҩ鸮ڣʯȡ


812 ʮչ
ڣһƬ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢գһ֮ϣ˫ָץһľӨʯȵ֮˳Ҷɵֱۣڻעȥ
СԶţɫЩأִżΣһԵĺ鿴˿Ҷɣֿ˿С࣬Щüӡ
Ƕ˰һۣȴΪ˼ߣʱҰЩ˵
СԿ˺һۣ΢Цʲôһָʵ㺦û취ףʱڤɻ꽣˵ڣ˳֮ҲȻĪĺô˵лԵЩ׵ģ
תתС˵˵˻᲻᲻ҪҰϾˣп컯ƿġ
СƺҪشʲô漴΢΢һ٣׽Ǿ仰˻᲻᲻Ҫң𣿡ૼ֮СɫЩȻ
ǣŵãҼôͶģ㶼˻ʲô˵֮㳤ʱ䣬˸ĸ֮⣬ʶʱ
ͱЩѣҲûʶʱ䳤˵Ӵʱ˵ĸĸ㣬˵˿϶ģҲ̫ð죬в˵ģԳڤˣǣһƾܰһɻҰЩƵ˵
С౻Ļ΢΢һЦڹԲģһ֪˵룬вˣԺûʲôӹˣС˵꣬¶һŵ
һҺµӣȴźţСѾͷСѾͷ˼룬ҪҺ˵˵Щ𣿡Сû뵽ǣƺʲô

ʱ仺ţתۼ䣬ʮʱǴҴѹ
ҶܵĿռ䣬ͳһϢǣɢһӴѹԭľԭ޷ֺͨʯȴ޸˴롣
һ
ʱҶеʯȻһѺۣ漴飬ʯҲʧȥ֮ɫһͻͻȥͨͨʯ顣
˫ֹϼһɫʯ黯ΪĩƮɢգ鲼鸮鸮ڶʱȵֱɽ磬û뵽ľķʯȻܡ
˿ҶɵУֳʯ˵ʯָܻƣʱҶɿɴⲻãҲʲô֣ϾһָܻһʯҲʵûʲôôһʹõĻ˵ľٴαպϡ
Ҷ˫ŷʯҲı仯ʱţһ

һ͵Ŀռڣгŵ֮ʵʰƮɢգɽ磬ҲҲŨ֮
ϻҰ̲ӯӯÿһֲ궼ɢŨľŨͬ¶ˮһ㣬ֲ껨Ҷ֮ϡ
Ƭռһֿ͵֮ƺǱĳֹƣ޷˺ϵֲꡣ
һ۵Ӱڵһ֮ϣǰ˸вʱסһ飬֮ƽڵ֮ȻΪкһ֮ȴ
òҶһ޶컯ƿڣԪϵҶɷ֮£һԪϵΪһֲֿٶš

£תۼ䣬ʮͷȥˣ
˿ҶеķʯһɫƺľһȻɫҲ٣ƺвٲӣҶɲûͬʱգһʯա
Ҳ֪˶ãһʯһ֮ʱǻһɫĩƮɢգڶʯʼӾ
º󣬾һʯľ֮ʱԶСЩĿʯ޷ָʵǿ¾ûʲôϣˣ
һ
ҶܿռȻŤҶһ޷ԶκߺͣʱʱӤ㰫СںҰкȻʧоҶȫ뵽Ƭء
С಻ɵ˫ĿһУΪĿҶɴ˫ۿʼȻΪһ֮Ĺ˿ȫΪһ˿գʱչ֮
ǣ˲ᱬ˰ɣС༷üŪ۵˵
ں˵ҾͰŲţСû˵һ䣬ҲգĶĳգû˿⣬ֻǺٺЦͣѰҰ죬ҲоҶɵĴڡ
һʥĳɢƬ鸮ĸֲȻһ¶ˮҺ壬ֲգҿһṦлݶ˽ǧҩԣŨҩ㡣
аâһһ˿ֶƺһƯڰеһ㣬漴Ť䶯һ۶ȥ
ںĿУһ˿۳һΪҶɵΣû˿飬˫Ŀգ˫ƽ죬ƺڸʲôСĿ֮Уȴһ˿֮ɫ·ʲôͬѰ֮һ㡣

ͬһʱ䣬磡
һƬ֮УһŰ£ŮӣǰֱһɫһɫСԼɫˮ״
Ůü΢壬ãʮʱȥȻһչûУȻܹ֮ǿвٿأƺʼ޷ܷӴ˱ܣѵⱦﻹʲôٿ֮ʲô֮ûз֣
˶٣ŮҺûжʮޣ˫Żٴ˻ֻشҲСӽľɱ֪ͨڤһˡ
Ȼʮʱ䲢㳤Ӧ㹻ֻ֮ˣ¾ĸΣľ䣬֪ͨڤǸϹҪ½һˣСӾֻ֮㰲ȫԱϣŮоâһ


813 ׼
Ƴ벻ϷȻƳ񵤣ҩĳ䵤ڣƹץһöҩɫ˵
Ƭ̺俴˿ϵҩɵһ֣ʧʮΣƳһţҪҩӦҲûгɹĻᣡ
ҶǰأҹڵȺ򣡡ʯڴ
ƹ񣬽ҩСĽ˵뿪ʯңƺƳֱΪ׻Ҫ˷ܵӡ

ڣҶɣҶ򸾣С࣬ٻ壬˶Уƺʲô
磿ʲôط忴ҶɣЩɻһ䣬ҲЩɲ֮ɫ
ҶɸҪشʲôֻſӰһƹֶҶĸ˵ͷһЦ
պûƲҼ򵥸˵һһ棬ɽӸ߼Ľ棬һ񣬿׻ٵɽ磬С࣬ھ񾳣Ҷɫһ˵
ʲôɽ绹Ҫ߼Ľ棿Щŵ˵Ҷ򸾸һƹ¶ݡ
࣬񾳣ԻٵɽĴڣһ¶ĿС֪࣬ԷԼûвҲһɾ⣬ٻĿЩ
ҲҪ⣬ԭҲ񾳣ֻΪһ˾磬˷չѾָΪС΢΢һЦ˵
ҶҲ񾳣ЩţһУƺܻٵ˵еɽ磬ǾʲôУ־Ϳɻ
磬Щ˼ҵɽ綼ûӴֱңɼ֮ڣҲͬλһ㣡ҡͷ˵ȴǴһ˿
λ̫ȣҽҴĿģ֪ͨһС༴Ҫص磬ĸҲߣⱻ֮˵ǡ
Ʋٻ֪ҩͬǵļң뿪ѣϣһͬȥֻֻش֮ڣҲܷ¡Ҷɫһ˵
ҶȻعȻһʲôĵطǼȻҶɿڣҶլͲڣȻ뺢һȥźá
ƹһͬȥɣ֮ʱҲٻҩȽĵ˴ûиҩȵҵġҶȰ˵
ٻüһ壬ǿһҶɣЩΪ֮ɫϾƹǲȥٻȻöеģĬƬ̣ٻڵףǡٻĻҲû˵꣬Ǳƹϡ
ǺǣٻȻȥô߼ĵطһϹͷʲôԸģ˵ˣҶѶȥˣһպû¿дһܲܰٻԼġƹ΢ЦȻһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ãȻƲٻͬ⣬ȻҷĲ٣ҶȻ˻ƹһĨˣֻǲûеơ
壬ѡһȥ磿ǾȻµıﵤҩ㹻ǳɽƿ
½Ͼѷǵʵɽ磬ɼֱ׾٣ǵ磬ǸףٶȴӾѰɽͬ׿ɱȣԣϣһͬȥҶɫһ˵
⣡üͷһ壬Ȼɶ꣬ǣ޹ңʵڲɽһʲô״
Ҷɣ磬½Ƿ񷽱㣿ҵȿɷȥɽ˵꣬Ҳǵ˵ͷȻҲдʡ
½絹ǲѣûдһЩ֮ǰ²½磬ⷢΣգϾҵĶ֮еߣҶɫһ
ҲãúǵʵˣɶҲ鴦Ĳˣ½Ҳ٣Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ףҶ¶Ȼ֮ɫСƺҲоʲôãŷİڽӽҩȡ
ƹ˸Ӧ֮󣬲һṦ򣬴ſӰһһ˴ſڣҶɶԴ˲İڳ֮˳Сٻʶ֮⣬˶Դ겢Ϥ
ˣ·˵˼ʮǰϲ磬չز֪飬ûиϵ£һǶҶɹֵ漴ʺһ
κңٺ٣벻ʱܹ㣬ϲϵϲ޷Ӹոս׸ոս״Բ֮ɣҶ˵꣬Ϊһκһһк
ˣɽ𣬻ǳԽɽ𣿡κЩɻʵ˲˫ĿһУһӤԲΪܿҶɵĴʵҶҲЩȻ֮ɫ
ŶγԣҶ΢Ц
ڳǰһң֪Ӧ֮УļᣬԼæΪᵽɽ磬Ҳһܳ˵ġ
²⣬ǰӦ𼶱ˣκ˵껰еľɲ˲֮˼飬еǸоκǲڷҲµġ
ÿζ飬û㣬ϴٻľΣˣȻܸҲԵһպһЩҩ
ЩƷ㹻ɽˣԸĻҲԴȥɽ磡Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴׳һöָ
κȴЦЦָҲûʣڵˣֻǼ㣬ҪͿˣ
ʲôҶ˫ĿһУ˲¶Ц֮ɫҶɵӣҲ÷Ȼκҿ˵˼Ҳûںʲô
κңͨûдﵽѵоǰΪҶЩ˵ȻԼҲţҶɶٻ˽˵ģκҾûбҪԼǰЦ
Ǻǣ˿ǲţҲգȥɽȺˣл˵ɽ磬ǻ棡κ˵껰һ޷Զ
˲ûзʲôҲûΪϢţС˫ĿһУκһ͸˿
ʲôʱշ֮һǣҶɵĻû˵꣬κҾȻ׽ٶûУҲ֪Ǳɽܵų⣬ƿʲôһϡеĹ֮λգƮ˴֮⣬һͨȥ


814 ط
˼ʶһ˼ķһϴãȻ֮ɫҶɺСҲЩɲӡ
ˣôǷƽȥɽ磿Сһи𺳣˶޷¡
ҶɳĬƬ̣ҡͷƽȥҹͷųһ֮Ȼ̺һЩʱ֮ƽʱԽӴĹ
֮Ĳ֮Ѿ˲֮Ӧó֮ΪȻһ
ﵽһ̶֮󣬱Ϊýƿͨɽ磬Լʱƽ磬ֻķ֮ʱſģƿعƽ绹Щġ
СҲֲ̫ˣҡͷ̾ϢԼΪͨڶ飬һӤԲƽȥ
Ҷƺ˼΢ЦѾܿΪˣͬԪ޷һ㣬ǲһ;ûʿΪҲӰġ
СΪȻֻǻӤѾﵽһܸߵĲΣ⣬ӵ֮ͨ飬һ;֮ϣȻߵúܳá
ԭˣС˽ĵ˵ͷ˻Ҳǽ⿪һЩɻ󣬵Ȼż𺳡
ˣ壬ǶǷǺˣͬȥ磬ǿɾҪˣһֻ̽شҵвܶһݰȫġҶɫһ˵
һۣ΢΢һЦ忪ڵȻȥǵȸ߼棬ֵڣܲȥתתģٺ٣Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ǺãҸ׼һ£ǰºҶ˵껰ǶԻصһ侲ҴҲص˾ңûʲô̫Ҫ׼ģֻлƹˣҪֽһ˲ܷ뿪ġ

һºһƬϿգ
һ𣬹ϼɣһռл֣һṦڳְ˵ӰҶɡСࡢҶ򸾡ƹٻ塢
벻½緵Ҫ˳ְæСһ˿ǿܷ磬ɣСҡͷ̾Ϣƿռֱͨɽ̫ࡣ
ǺǣͺãԭľֵصĵطֻشӦòԶˣȻȥﻹֵأ¾Щ鷳ˣҶüͷһ壬ǵԼ½ʱﻹʣڴ֮⡣
˵ŻҶһһݹϯУֻشȥСʱעܵĶ
ˣǵõֻӦòյˣС࿪ڵ
ЩҶҲģ֮ǰֻЩİˡ
̫ˣֱǱ̫ˣϾɽ綼ǿܶġڵ
ͷʵ̫ŨһʶûУ˯ʱҪ٣һӿֲٶȣٱǿֲ
вһЩصϢѵɻ
֮ϢǺǣ޷գҶЦ˵ţüһоֻشſڣһӰϥӣ
ˣǰˣһСȥסȽֻشһṦСҲǵӰԷƺҲˡ
ҶЦأʵһ㣬ͬʱ֣һҶֵģҪǣҽֻشƴ򿪣㽫˴ȥã
ˣǡСҪ˵ЩʲôǱҶɰִϣСֻĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ҶɾֻشԽԽѪҺ·Լ䣬ʶЩģӡǸֶһɫһɫСһɫˮ״ԶֻشңңӦ
һṦҶɵֻشſڣȻﶼߣΪӻҪػֻشҶҲ֪Ȼѯʵʱ
ѣ·Ƕ֣Ҷɿһ䡣
ԣӿ˿Ҷˣһ˵֪ͨϻ˹ֻҪһʱͿԣϾЩϵġ
ʵ벻ôָʵģ˵ûзʯ㲻ָܻ磬ûЩʯ֪ģ
ǺǣͲѷˣҲҶ˷ʱ䣬Ȼ㲻·ҶĳֻԼˣ˵ŻҶɳСʹһɫ䱣ˣ漴ֻ̧شңңһ㣡
һ𣬹Ļ֮ˮ㵴Ť䶯֮£ƹĻһֻش֮ڵľ󣬳ǰ
״˫Ŀһжôȥιһ˵౦ֻҶڣԼȻɵ˵زͱٳˡ
ôѲȥιһҶĳʲôƣ㴫͵ֻش֮ڣҶһ˵
ԣɫ΢䣬ˢһԶԶ뿪˴ſڣҶ˵٣Ҳܱ佫Լ͵Ǽֱһ
״СˣŴ˫ĿһУ׼Ҷһģ֮£ǳǰӾȻҪԼֵӡ
°ܽûֻ֮ҵĶ֣ѵˣʮǰҴֵûУǵûľ֣һﶼҪߡ
ڣ½ʵޣҪס˿»
ЩˣĳʱıͲ֪ǷܹһֻҪһ˷ģʣһһбԽǻˡ
ЦЦ㲻ͬʱƷ½񣬵ҲвԼЦһҪûЩϴڣӿɲұ֤а취סˣҶɵʵԼġ


815 Ű
ҲãҶĳͿѻкͨպϴλûȫʶģҶһû˿á
ӿСֻصĴԽԽɵ¶֮ɫæһ죬һֻ˿ɵ֣Ҷһץȥ
ţӲҶɣһС˳ȥ俴ԼһȻҪҶɵǽ˻Ǻĵġ
Ȼ䣬ֻǰһҶɵκ׵ֶȭ֮£ʵʵĴؿ֮ϡ
صһ죡
΢΢һ漴ɶĿ˿ֻ֣ȻܿռһŤһɹʱչ֮Ȼƾ˺顣
ʲôʱ֮˾磿ôܣɫ΢ףȻҶһȭɣûʲô֮ɫϾϴξ̹Ҷǿ֮ȫԽԼ
ҶɶԷ֮֮ɾЩˣϾҶɽʱж̣ܶԷ֮ƿصıԼҪ
ԼǰԼһоûУλµһʵ֮ˣ޷£ѵҶʵλˣӲŵʵ
ѵֻشڣܣֻشõ˲ٵĺôһе˵
֪ڣǷҪҶĳǺ棬Ȼֻ֮ѾߣΪλҪػѵеڶֻ֮˳֣Ҷüͷ΢ʵ
ԣһ㶣漴΢Цߣ飬㻹ǵȥɣΪھӮңûֻ֮ΪƾһͨĺڽԿԿ
һЦľ仹жʮֵޣȻѾֿԲڤʱʲô쳣Ȼȥ鷳ԸӼһڤһʲôǿԼʱ֪ͨ
ӦʶҶЦЦһһâ֮񣬱ǻΪһֱīɫСƿڰյתѡ
ľ컯ƿɫЩѿ֮ҶɣƿزҶɣҲҶˣ̻ô
˵½ǻܵһЩѹҶˣҡһѹԼͷϣжЩҲ嶯ǰƴѾоҶѽȣԼζܽסģԼǿжв
Ҷѣ벻ʱ㾹ȻﵽȵزĳѾĶ֣ˣԱ㣡˵껰һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
ҶһЦҪԼûоԵİնɱˣͳˣĽնɱԼҲľջָΪǺúչһʱ䣬ܽΪȹ̣Ҳʵһģļնɱˣʵûʲô塣
ȻҶ׷ŹӣҲǲܵ飬Ͼһμ棬ҲҶɳ˲ٿͷ
ǺǣѲ£ҶĳôߵģһȥֻشģҶһ
ԣ۽һæЦǺǣǣԱϣһ̤ĳٶȥ
ߣҶһߣһ֮£ӷ׷ȥƺԤϣȻɫһû̫֮ɫ
৵һ
һ֮£ӷųһڽӲӵİ䵶ҶһնȥǷһתһ˷
Ҷһһ֮£һֻīɫСƿһģĳǰɫ£Լһֲ٣ݺ£ɫ˿Ť䶯֮£ȻһɫХ䵶
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һŴĿѶֲನܿɫ䵶̼һ𣬿ȥѽѷ֡
Ҷɵһģ֮£ǳӸ֮һȭͷ­Ҷȥ
ɫ΢䣬æ˫̧ҶǽӲӵȭͷֵȥһȻ
صһ졣
ӿһƺߣ˫һ֮£Ǳĵɶɫ΢ף㻬ʮ֮ԶſסΡ
ʩչʲôֶΣҶٴƣؿһץ
˫ĿһУæ˫۽浲ؿڣҶһӡ˺˫֮ϣֻоֱһľʹѣҲٴεɶڲѡ
ʱüһæһǰһ㣬ϼһһ߰ʮɴСĹĻϣǰԹ֮γɵľ޴󻤶ܡ
һĻˣҶɵΣȻȻΪһ㣬·ںһ׵Ĵ͸ǵϣһĳǰ߲ɫ䣬ⳡֱȵһμ֮ʱԼŰҶɻҪ̬


816 ټ
ӼæһһĨâҶɼ漴Զңңһ㣬䵶֮󣬱Զ֮زز
ҶɸҪ׷ϣȻоǰâڳһɼ񱩵䲻æ⣬γźȥ
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ҶɵĻֻմȾһ˿ǱʴһϸСĶףҶɶ죬ûʲôʵԵ˺ȴԶ
Ҷɿ˿Զɵ΢΢һЦСѽ˰˴֮ڣæҶߣЩǵĿ˿Ҷɡ
ˣû°ɣС˵
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Ҷɸ磬˴ˣҶɰȻٻæǰ΢Ц˵һ䡣
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ֻشҶɴŸ˽һ漴˴¥ֱסֻ֮ص˴
ԭˣ´Ҳ԰ıչˣ֮УҺܿͿ׷ˣ΢Ц
ߣѵҲ磿ٶȼӿ죬Ҿ׷ңŶûУһ΢ЦĿ˿
ڣ˭Ҳûбչһºһֻ֮شֺгȻ濴棬ȴֻܹش֮ڡ
СӣϿĻٵһŮֻش֮ڣſڴգϲ˿顣
ʱֻشڳӰҶСˣ֮ҶɫϾϴμʶʵСЩ֮ɫ
Ȼָ񾳣Ҷ֮ϴȻ֮ɫҶɿʲôָΪģ˵зʯ˵ʲôš
Ҷĳķʯҵ֪ν£Ҷ˫ĿһеʵԼһֲ²⡣
Ƭֻ̣֮ӦʲôĲٿ֮ɣǴʵҲ鷳Խʯ㣡
ȻҶ΢΢һɣӡǻڣ޷ȫֻ֮˱ͿԣҪ뷮ռ䣬̤ϵݣϽһӡڣǱ˱ûа취׽
ŶγԣҶĳҲǸյõﲻãҲ֪ʲôĲٿ֮Ҷɫһ˵˿û˵ѵ˼Ϊû˵ѣϾ˱ӡƿأʲôٿء
ߣΪһ㣿ȻҶɲ˵ѣЩɻ֮ɫǸҲٿ֮ҽķʯҲԻ㣬ܲûطʯһ֮ˡ˵껰÷ܰһģһŮӣ¶һ˿ζЦ
С༱æ˿ҶɣڵˣҵķʯҪˣ㲻Ҫϵ
ҶɳƬ̣΢΢ЦЦţҲûа취˶٣Ҷɼи취Գһ£
ԣ˫Ŀһʲô취
ٺ٣㲻óֻ֮ҳԣô֪ǲǹõģҶЦЦ
ü΢壬˼Ƭ̺ЦЦСӺܽƻѵѾƿ˴˱Ĳٿ֮ʵԣ˱ҲǱĶ֣ϾŽײõģ
õʲôȫó³һҶ΢Ц
ߣһȻûʵ߱Ҳ֪Լȥֻشɣ뱾ȥԶԣһɹʯһỹ㣬Σ
򲻿ɣֻֻشŰȫС༱æһ䡣
ǵģҶֻת㵽ֻشҶüͷһʵЩΪѵӣȥԶ̸ʲô
ֻеԶŷĵģʱ򼴱õͻȻҪߣҲûӱӻģһЦ
Ƭ̣Ҷɿڵ˵ύʯ
ֻҪңʯȻύǣҪǸˣ˵ʯǵҲԱסԺǿԼǵϵԿڤǡɫһ˵ᵽڤ֮ʱ˫Ŀ֮У޵һ˿ɵ֮ɫⲻҶЩȻڤӿ¡
ãҴӦ㣬룡Ҷ˵껰С˵ʲôҶɼᶨ֮СûпڣǸֻشԶȥ
պһƬƽԭϿգ
ˣͿԣǲ˷ʱˣ·̣ҶֻԼҲ㹻ʱ佫׷Ͼֻشȥɲס
ҶСͣ棬ɫҶﲢûеף˷ǰֻǶһΣһĶˣԼһԿԼʵֻ֮ԱӦò⣬ϾСڡ
һҲǽֻ֮˻ȻʧܵĺԻأҺ֪Լʵʵ»Լǰʵġ
㽫ȡɣҶĳҪһģϾҲ˷ǷЧԼץҲûʲôáҶʼʵڹɡ
ãһΣҪˣһʹթ˵ǧҪΪõͿҶԿ˵껰һӡ
৵һֻ֮Ҷǰֻ֮ϣӳ˹֮ţ˼ҪߣҲ첻


817 սϣ
Ҷɿ˿һ֮£ӡǹϼһңңӦ΢΢û
ףЩȻ֮ɫû뵽ԼĹ֮ұڲûκʶӡǣҶҲһ˿춯
ҶɫĿʵ򰵰ͨ˿ҶĸӦȨȻԼϣ޷϶ߣҶ
ҶɺȻ˫ĿһУ֮ʱߺȻɫһɱĿҶɡ
СӲҪˣʲô򡭡û˵Ȼһ׵ƿԼĹ֮
ã΢䣬ֹȻڼҪջرҲҲ޷쵽
һ
âһһ֮ǳҶͷϿգɫһģ֮¹Ҷɲ֮ϣ漴û֮ڡ
ɫˮκȻһΪһɫףҶɵϣɫСҶͷתͣҶһȻΪСҶм䣬ƺʱ׼ֵӡ
ȻĲٿ֮û뵽˱вٿֻǱǺ棬ҲûʩչʲôΪξͱ˿Ȩüһʵ
ҶЦЦ˱Ҷĳģ߿Ȩһ˵ǶᣬҲǱ߶ѡ
㵹Ǳɣޱ顣
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ܲӵõҪԹ֪ߵδңҶɫһһӴϢͷŶȻŹԼҶɵ˶ֵ׼
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״Ϻε¶ɱ⣬Ȼˣ˭Ҫˣߣ
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滨ֲ˲仯ΪҽΪ˻֮ɫҽڻɼ¶֮ߣĳ֮
ҶС˼æ⣬ȻԵֵס棬Ҳȫ߶⣬һȻĲС
ʱһ죬ҶͷһĶȥһһֱʮɴСľӨʰ͸۶漴ҶͷһĶȥ
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ʱҶɵȭһ͸˿۶ΧȭͷҶһȭĹ˿۳һֻʮɴСȭͷǾӨײȥ
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صһ죡
ȭཻһž޴Ľڶ𣬿ֲನϯΪһɫ磬浱Ϩ˲١
Ҳ֪˶ãϼɢֲܿľӨƣֻȵȭͷǻΪޡ
û뵽ʱ̣֮Ȼ֮֮ֲţЩȻ֮ɫĿҶɡ
֮ǰȻûгȫҲһܹ׵ֵģҶڱֳʵ±ȵϳλ⣬ǰĴˣɾǲС
ǱƵͶ·ҶĳҲûȻԵ˵ҪлģҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ʵҽ㻹ǲ˲٣˵껰һɫȹƮﲻѣ˻ܻԽԽŨ
䵥ܹ֮Ϊһ˿۶ԶԶȥܳŤ֮⣬Ϊģһֲֿ
ͷ˿ԽԽ࣬۳һɫȥӴ⣬Ȼͬ滨һ޶ɫӣ㶼ƮɢǴȻеȻ
״Ҷ˫ĿһУС࣬һЭұã˷ս㲻Ҫ룬ܻˣҶ˵꣬С෴˼䣬Ҷɫ֣صӣСൣҶɷҲֻźȥȴ׼ЭҶɡ
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Сͷ۳һӰâɣ裬ȥڣʱſһ˫ĿŭǰǶɫ
Ȼ䣬ܷɫ䣬ɳʯһ׵Ĺϼɢƻʵ򼫿ҶͷһҶȥ
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ȻɫĲСȻתͣҶͷҶȥҶâһ֮£̼仯Ϊħ
صһ죬Ӵħεɶ㻬˰Զصˤ˵棬С΢䣬һģ֮׷ȥ


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ԭֲʧ·һΣɫ۵һɢɢ֮䡣
ǵһϲ˱ܹȻʵƾ˱ȻƵͨκʵ̫ͣЩ˷ˡ
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ֻۣסͷ­ʹ಻ѣɫʱ¶һ˿֮ɫʱ¶һ˿㣬֮飬任ϣȥʹ쳣
Ҷɸշɵǰպÿ¶ּ֮ɫԼ˫ΥϤ֮ǰֱˣҶɲ˫ĿһУؿڵȭͷԾ΢΢һ١
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ٻҲÿ㣬ڹ𣿡ڣҶٻڴ֮ϣٻҶɵĻУϴҸ΢Ц
ҶɸڣٻҲڵģԴһ֮󣬲ٻһҸֲǷ˷ޣôںЩģٻ΢΢һЦ˫Ŀ״
ҶɿŻٻǽС˵ģĿԼ鲻ԽĽӵ˫ӡ֮ϣŨŨص˴֮ϣ

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Ҷϥһ֮ϣ˫ĿԶԺս֮ʱĻ棬ϲ¶˼֮ɫ
Ƭ̺Ҷɻҡҡͷ׿֮󣬱ɫһڵȸսʡʱڲؼй֮
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Ƭ̺Ҷ˫Ŀһգɣʼʱշ֮һһʱȥʱ仺ţҶʵûʲô


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С໺վΣ۾г״ڵ˵ĸס
ĸ׵ʱ׽鷳½ѰҩˣΣҶɺȻЩ֮УٶʵȷһҶǿиһЩһЩ쵤ҩٶΪѾֹڻӤˡ
ҶɽŵӣС΢ЦҰѻ꣬˵ĸǾŽأѴﵽ𼶱ֻ˽ѡ
Сڵĸأһƿ֮׼ɽ٣СҲøһ½ѰҵҩǰŽپġ
С˵꣬Ҷɵסһ£ŽأԼĸ׾Žأ˽Ǵﵽ˰֮ҶһʱƬƺЩԽܡ
˽ܲˣٿС˵һ˦һ⼤һĺȻڰջΪһɫ
ʵȻ̺˶Ĺ֮ٴһ£µʵǿû뵽ܴﵽȵز
ˣǲϳƿɽ١Ȼ治٣Ҫǣ׽ɽ粻ͬǹ֮û׽٣󶼱һˣײŹأСЦ˵
ԭˣ벻׽Ҳ棬룬ҽ׾ŽٰҲȷʵûʲôϾȥʮ꣬ҵһ궼ûϡ
ЩȽ棬Ƕֶθǲʮ׾ŽٰأЩˡ
ֻұչоʱݣƺգۼձչһ㣬һ˽ףЩ⣬ǺǣһûӦЩϹʱҶ̧һУɫವһ뵽ҶɵС
Сһû뵽㣬սӶˣҶ˵껰ƺܹһ˷ܵĵ˵ͷûҶɵ֮ڡ
Ҫ½磿СҶǰĻ
ҵĴңǽɣҶɫһ˵
Ƭ̣С࿪ڵСߣһɣȻ󽫺Ҳãĸ׽֮ʱҲЩ
˼Ҷɵ˵ͷС࣬ίˣ֮´꣬ҿ԰ȫ뿪ֻش֮ʱһȥ½תת
лˣСЦЦҶɶ˼䣬ֽһЩ飬漴뿪˴֮УСĬƬ̣ϥ

ɽ磬ɽϿգ
ҶɵΣ֪ʱĳӴʶ֮ͷŶָüɽȻִ˵ر쳣ɽ˷
ʮһ벻﷢ı仯Ӱ֣ǵ༸ɽǰ˾סģȫ˻ɽҶ̾Ϣ
ףػɽҶЩɻ֮ɫһģʧһṦȻ֣ص۵Ķưܲƺǿд룬ƺǼǰ顣
Īص۳⣿ѵҶ˫ĿһУƬ̣һĻص˳֮ڡ
ˣڣϹҶԣҶǶһľ֮ϣЩء
÷ڣɽ綼ʲô仯Ҷ
ˣ÷ӻΣûס̫þ뿪ˣ˵ɽѾ̫ƽͬһ㣬ȥ洳ˡ
÷˵ɽֶ˼ڶԽɽѴ䣬䷱ɹϵ࣬һԭͱȽϻߡ
ټ붫ʿս֮øӻԼʮݱ䣬ɽ֮˳֮Ϊʮɽ͵ػˡϹػش
Ŷᵽص۶֮£Ҷüͷһ塣
ˣص۳ƿ׺֮£һѾ׷޺۱½׵𼶱նɱϹֻع鶫ֻһֱչûʲôϢϹش
Ҷ̾Ϣһбɱ˵ҶҪȥֱˣ֮£ԼԹ޻ڣҶҲֻĬĬ̾Ϣˡ
ĬƬ̣ȻѾ䣬ɽı仯ҶҲûʲô˼ȥˣϾҲûʲô֮ˣ񽫺ȻҲ˽һԸ
º󣬳ڣҶɣУֻǺɫЩ԰ףȥ󲡳ӡ
ԭɽ緢仯˷лˣҶɣھﵽʲô磿㱻ҶɾѺŽһЩɽ仯˵һ䡣
ҶЦЦҲûʲôڵѾɽڣԸ⣬ҿԴȥ磬ҲǶѾ׵ɽ𼶱𡣡
ʲôɽ𣿡Щŵ˵ĬãЩĿ˿Ҷɣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ҺԸ׽֮£ҲԸ˴磬û뵽񡭡˶٣һ˿ɬҸóƺΪҶǰˡ
һƺѣͺãҶɰ˰֣üͷһ˵㵱治ȥ磿
˼Ƭ̣ɫᶨ˵ҡɣƾԼҲɷģûҲ뿿Լľ˵꣬Ҷε̾Ϣһ漴ȡһöָ


822 ڤ
Ҷɽָ׸˺㣬ڵΪ׼ĵҩϣԼһЩ񣬷ҲòˣĪҪƴǣҪڣҶɼæ˺Ļ
ҶɵͷһЦЩҩϵȣӦ㹻𼶱ˣ츳ӦúܿͿԽ׵أϾȱԴɡ
лҶǰˣЩɬ˵
Ҷ̾ϢһúԼƽཻ˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ҶֻóһЩҩȡʱڽףҲƽཻ
㣬Ƚ⣬Ҫһ£һڤ֮۳һɽܵԱһ
ڶһΪ컯ƿҵ߶֮£ȡ컯֮۳컯¶Ǵƿˣо˵Ч
û֮߶ڴ˱ѶȡһЩ컯֮Ȼҵ˵ޱȣʹӦ㹻
һЩ빥ֶΣҴһѾڴָڣȻȫƿش˱Ը֮ͬʱҲԷӳԱҶɫһ˵
ڤȻһȻ뱻˴磬ʿȱջǲСġ
һЩҶɿڵɣҸʱ䣬ʣӦ㹻װ֮ʱҪƿûаգٴȥ硣
˼Ƭ̣㿪ڵãò꣬ศֶΣĺܿ׵ġɫһ˵
ڳҶһ䡣
شҶɵ˵ͷƺ˽ԸҲûȰ˵ʲô
һ½ꡣҶ΢Ц
飿뵽ʱǲ̣Ӱ쵽Ҷɡ
Ǻǣ޷޷ǱչϢһʱѡҶ˵꣬һЩϵ⣬Ҷ͸һöռ뿪˳

ʱ䣬Ҷȴǲһط֮һʱȻţڼ䣬һҲûл
֪УҶɶط֮Խֻ֮ʱȻԼĹȥֵܣһδ֪һ
Ҷ¶ЦݣƬ̺üͷ΢΢΢һ壺֪ǬǷ񻹻ţڵʵӦÿа취ҵ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷһģ֮£ʧ˳֮ڡ

磬޻ɾӿջſڣ
û뵽¹ȥҿջڡһŰµ꣬ƺЩ͸գȺȻûһִܹĴڡ
ˣȻ½ѰǬҶɣ䲻˵ǿĻ
˵Ǭڴ˵ط٣겻֪Ϊζһռ౦֮У֮⣬ƺ̫ܣɽ籦ӦûܣҶЩص˵
ʱʵʵڵķ˴£ǿҲûҪƭԼжȻʲôֻǿľ޷߰ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀһգʱշ֮ͷŶֻ֮ʩչ֮£Ƭؼ佥һ˿΢ı仯Ҷƺص˹ȥص˵ǬնɱǸʱֻǣûпκλ棬ֻǸ֮Щıˡ
ʱ仺ţȥǧ꣬Ҷɲ˫ĿһƺӦʲô¶ɲ֮ɫ
˵صȻֹٽ㣬ƺ˴սռ˺ѣͨ磬ֻٽ㲢ûȫƿ
ǬǼռ䱦պñ߶Ǵٽ㣬о֮УҶε˵
˵Ͻսպ䵽½磬⻹״½ıбϽģҲһɺϡ
ӦǴٽͺðˣֱӹȥʲô棬ϣļһڻܻŰɣҲûôҶЩε˵
漴̧һ㣬һȭͷСлֶԽԽƺǿռͨһ㣬Ҳ֪ͨδҶ˴˴Ϣй֮˼޷Ҳ޷ӦʲôһǽǴռ֮ͨڡ

˾ڤ磬һԲνǳڡ
һƮεӰЩʵǿЩĴڣ۳ʵ壬һϺƣȥɭɭ
ռ󣬵ϻֲΪҺɫɫֲ꼫ټϲû˿ɢһڤ֮
Ҷɵգֻǿ˿·һۣ֪Լʲô档
˽ʿ಻ʵ巨ͨ뻯˵ǰڤһ棬ȻͬҶɵ˵
Ƭ̣ҶӴʶ֮ͷŶ˿оǬϢڴ˽֮ãҲûҵǬ䣬ȴǴһЩ֣֪˼λ֮
ҪҵҪЩһЩҶһ˾ڤһ͹ڤſڣ֮£ɭɭ֡
ʲôˣ㲻ǱʿȻɽĴڣߣ˵൱ֱ׳ΪǵˣǴ˽һǿߣԼҲ佾ıǮ
Ҷɿ˿΢΢һЦڣҶɣڤЩ飬Ҫһλתһ
ڤɽǲĳƺǶĴڡ
磿½磿һɻ˵
һһʲôҲûãںɱǶ֣ߣɽ˸ڤ磬еʶ
Ҷɿ˿ˣɵЦЦҶĳǲ֣붯ڤһǿߵģ˵껰Ҷһֱſڳ˽ȥ֮ռŤϣҪҶԷųһϢǽ˻Ϊһʧ
ҶɰȻڣ̬ڤԼһЩ֣ҶɰΧƺϾҪֵʱҶɲüͷһ壬һֻƻһ͸˿ϡ
λס֣ڤΪ£Ƕ°ɣһЩڴڴ˳


823 ڤ
ҶɶڴڶҲһṦһźۣĸݵ֮߳ϣ˰֣ȫȥ
ɽѣ˵˵⣬ǲһĽϷҲֻܶˣ˿Ҷɣɫ˵Ƿֿ͸ҶɵǳͶˡ
ضģҶĳûж⣬˷ǰֻѰһλѣϣһ˵Ľ벢ҪҶĳ˵ʲôҶһ
ԣüжֵ˼Ȼ˵̣ΪڤһǿߣȻʲô
ҶҪʵ˵ˣڤ˵껰Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ˫Ŀһ֮£һģ뿪˴֮ڡ

ڤɽŸ
ҶգڤڶӣϵңңԶһЩ·ˣҲ֪ͣ˭ôĵӣȻս
ҶѣˣѵԶ𣿡ɫһ˵
£ҶĳȻûʲô˵ģֻ¸ǰֵĻᶼûУҶ΢΢һЦ
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ôĿͿ㾿ʲô¿ڳԣ˵껰âһһŹֵķ
һ̣Ȼܿռһ·ռ䱻һ룬Լһ㶯Ҳ޷ʩչһڤ֮Ҳ޷ʱ䣬·Ǿֹˣռ䣬ȴˣȫ˰ա
Ҷһһ֮£һһֱڰ۶ſһĶȥ߲ɫ䡣
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Ҷɿ˿˵ɫ¶ЦݣλҶɣһѣǬ棬ϣҰѰһ
ֻҪܸǬϢҶĳȻ񱨣̫಻˵Ǵﵽ磬ǲģԺҽڤСסһʱգΪ꣡
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ߣڤôҪ˿ºѣϢ϶ᴫĺܿ죬Ͼܣڤ磡һ·̾Ϣ
벻ɽܣʮǰһֱоɽͨɽ磬ûóȻ֡һڤϣ˿Ҷ֮󣬲ɵ¶֮⡣
৵һ
ڵ漤̸֮ҲҶɵ⣬޷ԼһǿԼڤҶɵ
ǸǬĻţȻ˵ҶʵñʲôϢǬԼͻϾҶڴ˽漸ﵽûκвĵز
̾ϢƲߵǺüƣɾԼһԼҲȫûлأʲôԼһ֮Ҳ޷ɱĴڡ
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ǰ۶ðҪϣҶ˵˵һ䡣
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ӹ˿漴΢΢˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣ڵҶǰи֮룬֪ܷ񽲽һЩĵ뾭飿Ȼҵʽͬϣǰָһ
Ҷɿ˿ͷڤʽȷ˽粻ͬع򼸺ͬģҶٻܰһЩ
л¶ϲ֮ɫ漴ҶɽһЩ飬Ȼ֣Ҷɽļ»ɬȷʵ̺

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ι˵ûУ˵һҶɵˣܣǣĳһʿ̾Ϣ
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һ·˼״ڵʡʡɣڤ綼䶯ˣ˭֪Ǭ˭֪Ҷǰ㻹ãûǻ
ʼ磬Ҳûж˵˵ʲôڳйһЩ̫ϳϣЩסˣϾɽĴڣ˵һŭ֮£һڤǺá

һƬɽȻһŤ
һɢһ𣬾ȻΪһ꣬䳤ҲӢֻһ˫Щ֮ɫ
֮壬񹦵Ĳ㣬гɣ㿴ôʰ㣬㱻ƵĴҴܣлʰˣߣЩ˷ܵ˵꣬ǻΪһʧ
º󣬹ĵ
һźۣĽ׳һ˷֮ɫɽŴ˿·ʮӰ΢΢˵ͷˣǹĵźڤ
Զƿһһݹ⼸ģ֮£ǳɽŸոճصĻꡣ
ףȻ㣿û뵽ţ𣿡ЦЦ
ߣϷ򲢷ǹֻҺͷѣҵѵ㲻ǵʮǰǼֲк𣿡ϣһϵ


824 
ʲôǣ㣿ôܣʮǰһսռݣѾռռѷ֮ڣôܻڤ磿Ǹ꿴˿꣬Щɲ˵
ȷǱɣϣϷػȻҪ㱨ģ꺮˵
ߣħͷкڤ飬ֱ๼ָܻʵһ¡˵껰һı
һκȻһѶΪһƬɫƮɢգǽУ˸޷ʶ֮Ҳ޷ֺ̽
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㲻ɱңɣǰưڤ磬Ҳ޷ԸˣЩ˵ƺ֪ԼǶ֡
ԶɫһŤ»Ϊ˻꣬һϷ֮ɫĿź꣬ڵҵȷɱ㣬˵ˣǲôʵ㣬ڼǿСҲ޷κҡ
ʲô˵ˣǰ޻֮Ц漴˿ԶǱ±ʮˡ
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Ӧ֪ҶǰΪ񾳣Ǭ䵽磬пʧȥ䲻ǵǰ顣
Ҷǰ϶ǵǬһЩҶǰĺѣϷǵĶˣҶңһԣѵãѾܹսˣ¶֮ɫоδ
㣬˻棿ɫɲһ䡣
ԷķӦоԷӦıŵˣЦЦߣϷƭıҪ𣿿ûд£һ
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˽ǲҳ֣սЩܹģһҽдҲ֪˶ã৵һɱڵ£һϢȻ޴棬
Ƿ˰ɣãɫڴһ仰漴ĳƮɶȥ˼״ɵɫ䣬û뵽žˣ˵ЩǬߣҲ򲻿ܵģɴϴӣڤȥ

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ӵɽſڣһɲĿŴˣ˲ԳƽǬʧ֮ˣżҶɣ˸ͶԴˡ
Сڣҳ귢һϵ
㲻Ҷǰģһɲ˵
΢΢һЦҿС˵ģҳ
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ãڤһЩϣҲڣΧ
ߣ֪Ķ˵껰κȻһѶΪһŻУ漴һҽ
৵һ
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ߣϻ˵ٲпСݹҽȫɱȵ
ʲôˣȻڤңѵ㲻֪Ҷǰھ𣿡ʱһϵ漴һһģ֮£˻档
СɻǵϷ򣿡귢һϵ
ʲôħͷôûռ֮ˣռѷ㾹Ȼ»˵ɵ¶ɵ֮ɫ
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ڤôˣȫЩðսš
˵ʶоɳ𣬴ս޷룬ǲҪӽĺãҶǰֲôĶ֪˽һɳϵǰ
ء
˽ǷһƺߣбϣһĿѶһṦڤɽűǱΪƽء
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ҶɿԶŻɫ֮ʱһ㶣漴оâһ˵Ĳ㣿ڤ羹Ȼͨ
˵ŻҶɴһ죬Զңңһģ죬ɫһ±뿪˽¶ɲ֮ɫ
񾳵Ҷɣ£񾳵ʲôʵɫڣһϵ漴Ҷһ˶ȥ


825 ɽ
ԶɫҶɣɵ֮ɫûٴγ֣䵹뿴ҶɸζԸֹͨ
ҶɿŻɫŽӽֻһһ˿ЦݣãȻҪҶĳͨ³ߣ
䣬ҶƻŻɫңңһģһһͨԷֵ͸˿ֶŻɫ˰ա
ǿռ̣һУԹֿͷɵ͵Ц¿кϷˡ
һ˿Ť䶯֮£ȻǿнɫѹʵĻΪһŻ۵꣬¶һ˿⡣
һֻСƣϯһɻصѹͷһĶȥֻǸоϵϢЩϢ
ʵ޷ǻ꣬μֵڵģƾԽԽƺҲߵͷˡ
ȵȣҾҪʵҶʦ֣㻹ɱҲɣȻһı飬Ҳٲϣȥܷӡ
ף⡭΢΢һ㶣֮Ҳ¶ɲ֮ɫ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴̧һ㣬صһɢ漴˽ķ֮
ٺ٣һΪְܼһٿأû뵽СӻţҵʵҸղŵҲ뿴ʵҶ΢΢һЦ͸оһϢЩϤǬЩӽֲȫһ
ȻޣڤıһЩϢҲҶɻ޷ȷǲǬǰһҶʦ֣ҶɱǶ϶Ǭˡ
˰ɣˣ̽ҵʵҿСûˡ˵껰âһ䣬Ȼӹ֮£ΪǬӡ
ڣûô׶ģҶõ˵ֵط꣬ȻûбʱĥеǷݸ顣
û뵽ﵽ˵زڲ˲û뵽ڤң㻹ǵֵܣǬоâ˸¶ŨŨֵꡣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷﵽ˾磬Ѱ㣿ˣڤʲôǣңûУһصɽ磡
Ǭ˿ܣãȻʲôǣң߰ɣ뿪ط
Ҷ̧һ㣬ͷϿһлֶһṦһռͨ۶ҶкǬһҪͨڷȥ
ǰʱɫصĿ˿Ǭ漴Ҷ˵ǰȷĺѣڤħͷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͷ֮󣬱Ǭռ֮ͨڣлʧüͷ΢壬漴չ
ҲգһǿߣǱס˵λЦЦ漴һĻص˴֮ڡ

ɽ磬ڣ
ҶɣǬ˶УƺʲôҶüͷ΢壬ɫЩصӣ΢еĿǬ
˵˵϶Ϊһˣô£Ҷ˵һ䡣
˵žġǬԼľҶɻ
ԭǬ긽ǿĿռ䱦֮ʱԭҪǿ߶ߵġ
ʱڤһܱ׷ɱ˴սɽѣռݣռѷ쵽ǣ׷ɱڤܣǱ˿ռ֮У˼ԷĿܣȫߡ
һռѷͨģֻǵʱһ沢ǳѿȴǳ˿ռ䱡ٽ㡣
ǿ߶ռ䱦֮ʱ֪ǸȻռ𵴣֮ı䣬Ǭռ䱦ϡͿĵ˽뵽ڤ硣
ھռ֮ʱֻɱܣҪڿռ֮Уһ̣侹ȻҲռ䱦֮Уſռ䱦ﴩռصڤ硣
Ǭħͷչ˱Ȩ̫أ˭Ҳ벻꣬ǬȴΪҶ֮£꾹Ȼں
ҺܱٴΣձǬʶõ˿Ȩһʿõ˱Ǭħͷһ֮£䲻곹ɣռڤе֮ӴǬҡһ䣬Ϊ˹
ħͷָ֮£ǬܿĽ׵һͻ˵ҲնɱħͷĶ飬ҽǬƵĴҴܣ
ħͷ֮£Ǭһͨչأ˵Ĳ㣬˾ȥɵͬĳˡ
һ·˵򵥣ʵΣķҲǸεգĬأǬħͷҲͲֱ˴ˡ
ԭնɱ˺֮󣬲˵㣡һٷĹҶǬŵĽɵ̾Ϣһ
ΪһϼһνǰҲ٣ûͲ֪˶ٴˡǬЦȻ˹ϵ
Ƭ̣ҶоâһڵԽǵֿԸ⣿ҶɱϾҪѯһһǬɣҶɿǬԴЩꡣ
Ǭ˫ĿһУ˼⡭Ҷɣǵ꣬ƺ޷ָģǶûа취ҲҪ侳磬ʲôչˡ
㲻صЩǶû˿𺦣ҿԷĲл꣬Ը⣿Ҷ׷һ䡣
ǬɫһֶΣǲӰ԰ȫ޺ȻǽǷֿĺãǬЩɻĿ˿Ҷɡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷã㲻ҪҲһȿǵ״̬˵Ҷ˵껰ͷһâʶ֮Ź˿۵һûǬڣյĹҶɲջʶ
ôаգǬæһ䡣
ԣҶɿڵںһʱֶ̫ͨεȷԽǷ뿪ֻ֮ǿнǷ룬ȻЩ鷳ǿģٺ٣
Ҷ˵껰Ǭһ㶣漴ЦڿԺϼһֿˣһܶûУû뵽񾳻ֶΡ
߰ɣȥ֮У²ļҪһǵ꣬ҲҪǧܹɣҶ˵껰ǴǬһ֮С


826 
ǧ󣬳ڣ
ҶɣǬԼһõӰУƺʲôֻǬɫ԰ףӼ
Ҷɣ벻ֶΣǵ곹׷뿪ǬЩ˵Ȼھ䵽ʵǬоδ𣬹ʱɻָ
ڻ⼸ҸһЩҩ԰ĵҿܻ뿪һʱ䣬ֻҪ뿪ﻹ㰲ȫҶ΢Ц˵
˿ǵõӰҶɫһõģ
ӰЩɻ˵Ǭڣǵл꣬һϢǬֻʣ˽ڵʵ
Ƕս֮ʱʩչͨӦǵĲ㣬״ǧʶ֮ޱߣѴﵽ֮ľ硣Ҷɫһ˵
ĲҶȻܹϵóȴû򽫻ữΪ֮ȷЩ˲ӡ
Ŷǰ˵񹦣ڤһܵã˵ڤһǰֻ޷֤ˡӰش
񹦣㣿Ҷʵ
Ĳ㣬ǬҲˣӰһ䡣
ܺãȻǬѾȫҲûдڵıҪˣҶ˵껰Ҫ֣ǬȻɫ΢䣬æֹ
ҶɣҵĶˣ˵û˵ٴˣѾ侳絽˽ڣͷ뿪ɣǬɫһ˵
Ƭ̣Ҷü̾ϢðɣͿǬӣΪ㣬ԺΪ֮뿪֮ǰҪⲿֵļĨ
Ҷ˵껰Ǵһ죬Ӱգ˿޷ֿʲôһṦһƺߣ׵Ļ˹ȥ
৵һһиֶҶ̧һ֮£ǽ˵Ӱ˳֮⣬ʮɽ֮С
ˣ壬ڡǬû˵ȥǵõץ֮󣬳˵ҪɱԼҲŹġ
ҶЦЦãҽ׵˰֮㲻صģҲܺãǧڳΪ˸ĴڣлԴȥҶο˵
ʲôһҲ׵˰أⶼʲôҿΪϹԭ򣬲׵ġǬЩš
ٺ٣иԵĻԵûʲôСֵģҶЦ
ҵǧڵǼСʦˣǬɫ԰ףҲûһΣüŪ۵ĳҶ˵
Ҷɷ˷ۣСӻץ˰ɣŮˣģҶ˵ŻǴǬһңչ֮á
˫֮УУ˵ǧھһСµģһιҶɣ˵ι
Ǭ˿Ҷû뿪ңɵ̾Ϣһһﻹô壬ǲ飬鰡ǬҡͷԵ˵漴ϥ

磬ֻش
ҶɵȺ˺꣬Ҳص翴һۣص󣬷ֳС֮⣬ȻڱչأӶļҪƿ
ˣ½°ɣ֪ʲô£Сһ䣬Ҷ鼫ãƺʲôĵ£СҲŸ
Ǻǣ˾ڤ磬ȻҵǬҲû뵽ҵֻѣʱãұ㽫ӻ硣ҶЦ
Ǭԭ˵ʦܣϲˣֵžˣСҶʱȻ˽Ǽ֮ĸж
ˣĸǷ׵˰أҶʵ
ϲˣǧǰĸѾ˳׵˰أС࿪ڵ
ãһֻǿûʲôⷢһʱͻ뿪Ҷ˵껰С
һƺõһ淢չÿһ񶼺ƽҶɴﵽ񾳣ֻ֮λûκвҶһĲǾǲԼ뿪ֻشһ㣬Ҷйڻ
ܳ׻λգҶ˵껰˫ĿһڴСలĴҶ˼˶Բߡ
ºҶҪ뿪֮ʣڴһΣƺбӣϴʮġ
Ҷѣɷ̸̸ֻش⣬ĮҲ֮ͬһ㶯
ˣȥСЩǵĻû˵꣬ͱҶɴϣأȥ˻Σա
ǣ˴飬ڵʵȫ֮ϣС࿪˵
Ҳãչ˴ң𲻵뿪ֻش벽ģҲµģҶ˵껰飬һģ֮£뿪ֻش
֮⣬Ŀԣ
ܰô£Ҷɫһʵ
֪ԭ򣿸ûж˵ʲôĳȥҶȥ
պ󣬶ϴζսĵطͣתĿĿҶɣкεķһ˿ɱ⡣
Ҫ֣Ҷ˫Ŀһе˵ȴǲû̫ĵӡ
¶һ˿Ц˱ֻ֮׷Ź㣿
ǸԭҶĳģҶߣǱߵģֻǰҶĳгֵĻôԣܣҶĳȻа취Ҷɫһ˵
ߣʮ䣬ѰǱڵвȹѹƣ˷Բϴһ⣬ԣ㲻κλˣ˵껰ǵһһֻɫѼ֮˿ϯŷ޻棬Ҷϯ
ҶɼԹ˱ûʲôȣ޷ҪסԼֻرˣҶһСһת漴ǳɫ֮ϣһŻ볤ͷųܲ
ʲôֶΣʩչҶɼǵõʩչɫԼɽѹֶζƿֲҶȴǲʲôʵа취ӦԣȻٴʩչɫ֮Ҷɲһ


827 ֮
Ҷʱշûжãзһ漴̧һ㣬һ͸˿৵һû˰ɫ֮ڡ
ɫ΢΢һ漴Ȼһѿֻʣм仨ﲿ֣ȻϯǿܣҶɺ
״Ҷ˫һչâ˸֮䣬ȻΪߴħֻسϣȥƲ漴Ȼһȭ
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ף֮䣬ҶɰȻƵ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫû̫⡣
ʮȻЩչҪΪֻϴչֳʵʹشˣߣ˵껰зһ١
һ
¶һŻҶγɣ̼ӳһƬޱ߻𺣣ռŤΪһ޷֮˲û֮ɫȻҲڻҺ״̬
Ҷɼæ⣬о˷𺣣ԱһǿӲĶ࣬ǻҲЩŤΣҶȫ߶֮£ǿǿ֧š
Ȼ䣬˫һؼɫ䣬գ棬УңԶǳ֮ڣ͸һ͸˿ϽǴȵĻ֮Ϣ
Ҷɿŵϵһ˿ɵ˫ĿһУػ𣿴֮Ȼ֮
Ҷһ֮ʱֵַ֮ģȻֹǰǷԿգ˵ҶҲ
ͬʱػ棬ǳ֮ͬʱۣҶɼֱ붼Ǿһѣ˵ƿⳡȻѡ
Ҷǿû뵽ǿֵزֵϴһǱϴǿһ㣬Ҷļ㲻ܻܶԷҲƽ֡
Ĵ㣬ԼܣûΣգƿصĻ淨˿ֲ֮󣬱ǳ׵ĸıŵ뷨һĪΣУͷӿ֡
Ҷ˫һؼһ˿۶һģ֮£ǻΪһɴСɫˮڡ
Ҷ׼ʹˮ֮Կ̧һ֮£ɫſһ磬һƬ£ȻûнȫϨ𣬵Ҳ˴ܣҶɼ㲻⣬Ҳûʲô󰭣ɼɫֲ֮
ֻһˣȻûҶɿɲҵȴֶʩչϣۿǰһ߰ʮɴСĻ۶Ҷһ
ɫܿռ䶯ϯһ̩ɽѹ֮ƣŻ򱬳ȥδб³һʮɴϸɫǵҲҪ顣
صһ
ɫסھ޴Ļ֮ϣǻ΢΢һΣըѿһŻ⣬˲ϯɫסֻͼ죬ɫסۿɼٶȣΪһɫڰʧ
ţ޴ײ˻֮ϣǻһźƮɶȥֻüһ壬һģȹ
ɫһͷڻ֮УȻͬϬţ뺣Ӱ٣һ˿֣ܶⲻҶͫһ
Ҷɵı飬¶֮ɫЦΪƺֻне淨֮˭ұȼ磿ϴ⣬͵Ϯ֣ߣ
䣬漴һָŻңңһ㣬صһѶΪ⣬˷ԲԭЩ棬ٴڶ
ĳһ֮쳹죬һ֮ޣ淭ĻֶƺЩסȻϸ΢Ť֮⣬ȹ̵ĿռŤʵжֲ֪
֮ǧ֣Ȼмܹƻ֮򣬵Ǽ֣漸ƾʩչֶΣˮ֮Ҳܻҡ
෴ˮ֮һ̫ᱻˣѾʧȥ˳ֵĻᣬΪҲͽͣ˵꣬ǻһ
۵һ
һʮɴϸҶɺȥδϮҶɱǸоһŤصһѶһϢĸоӿͷҶɸо϶ǹƿķ췢̡
ֻһжôֲңûмҶɫص˵Լʵ̫Сˡ
ҶɵһУǰһ𣬻ɫϼһһɴϸһɴϸı˫˫۶ȥˮֹԻЩƣĹʵô
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ˮۿɼٶȣѸ߽ȻһѶȻһΣȻСһȦջһģ֮Ҷɺȥ
޴ħһ֣Լֹ֮ȫʩչȻ˼ʩչһƺʵ
ͷϽɫһĨһ״۶һ֮۵һһӲӵĹڽɫϼʩչִͨȻͬնֻҶҲұ֤ж
صһ죬ȻһײһСһȦǰ˱Ѷ̼ͣ
Ҷһϲһֻ̣ɫѺۣȻһѶٴСһȦ漴Ҷײȥ
Ҷɫһȭ֮£ħֻ׺âһҶαһȭ֮ϡ
أһıڲظıѶΪƮɢգҶһƺߣӴħɶʱâһҶɱȥ


828 ֮ͫӡ
Ҷɱ߰ʮ֮ԶſסΣɫ΢ףֻرʥħ壬ûʲôƣڰͲסҶɱȥ
˷ˣߣȻҷֻ׳˷ʮʱȹ꣬๼˵껰ϳŭ⣬ƺҶɲӣȴһ˿֮ɫ
ֻꣿҶһȻʱѯʵʱۼڵĳ˹Ҷһһ⼤
һһɣ˸žɫ׻ҶͷϿգܷžž֮֮˿ĳ˹ȥ
кâһſٳһžɫϯֲĸ±鲼ռ䡣
৵һһɫ׻ܷһױ֮Ȼһײ֮ϡ
žžأ
һı֮У׻ǺȻһѶΪɫɢա
أ촫
ֻȻ̼Ťһһץ֮ϣɫ׻̼ǽֻצһ
âһһץ֮ϣ⵴Ȼһ׻ɣֵļѺ˲
ʱڰŤһʱ׹ƽɽ˿ֲƻ׹汼ڣƬռѻΪһƬ˼
¶֮ɫ̺֮飿εģٻι֮Ҳûһ۳ʱ򡣡
Ҷɼ״˿̫ͣһȸ˸޷ǰս԰ܡ鵹ǲ壬ϾҲһֹ֮ӵԵ֮
Ļ֮ȻҪΪˣǰӵԣһ߸ֻ֣棬Աһߣ֮һʿս类û
Ҷɰ̾Ϣӵ֮󣬼ԼûмĻԼҲȫ۳֮Կĳͨ
ڼȻ飬ҶҲûѼʮʱȥоʲôǲǵֻҪԼƿأһԼ
֮ǰ˵ܰķֻꣿڣ˵˵˰ɣҶɫһ˵
֮ǰΪȻ˵Լ¶ŨŨŭ⣬һԷȭһзľЩȣƺһš
֪ߣбɱңȻֵܵҵͨǲҲǲ°ˣٿҶɵ۾ΪѾֹ̹ͨ
𣿡Ҷɻ䣬â漴Ϊö״ӡǣһ˲ư޷ܵٶȣ۵һû˫Ŀ֮С
ʵţԼûȥҶɵ˫ĿȻ˴У˫ĿЩʶһαص˹ȥҲ֪ʲô
ߣǰʮؿޣҵֻ֮ӡ֮ͫģ㲻ٿңҲԶֻ֮ͫҶ˵Żһ˲˹ȥ
һ죬һץȥصһ죬Ѫεɶɫ԰ײѣҶѷ֣Խľȣܵش֮ʱԽ׳÷ܰϤĿ⡣
ҶνһҧȫһȭҶףԼʩչȫҲܽһɱԷ޷֮ܵشȴǲɱġ
ʱкȻ绹̫ߣֻ֮ͫ޷ʧȥʶ̫ãٴγ֮⣬ʱҶеϤĿ⣬һս½١
ֱһ̧סͷ­֮Ҷһȭصѹֻصһ죬ջָæֵڳܲסҶǿȫһ˫һȻһЩѹǱһȭͷ
صһ
һƺߣһѪڿεɶصˤ˵棬кȻһ죬˿£Ϊɢա
ȿȣҶѣɱʱܹ壬ԺûлڵվΣЩ֮⣬һҶϤ
ܰ㣬ô£ҶɵĻû˵꣬ǷϤĿʧȡֱ֮Ŀ⡣
ɱңɱҲҪͬھΪµ֡˫ֱͷɫٴα任÷ܰеģ
Ҷѣ㻹ڵʲô֣һ鷳ֶεģԺ޷ѿ壬ûĻᣬ޷ɱġзûŶɫȴЩ
ܰô£Ҹΰ㣬ɱҲʵԸҴ鷳ҲҪסİȫҶɫһ˵ȻЩУȴ޲
һˣѡǣɱңҲһɢɫ˵
ߣͲôӦŹû뵽˳ɳ֮죬֪ˣȡֻ֮ʱ򣬾͸ýһͬɱĻû˵꣬ɫٴ滻
㵱ɱԸԻҲںϣԭͲڤĶ֣㾹ȻһΪһڤ֪ĸң㵱ӦҷŹҶѣԸԻ٣ԶҲԻָʵз÷ܰ
ֻꣿһΪ˵ܰӦͬһˣԼôַ磬˵ֻܵشӰ죬ֻҲ޷½ġ
ķֻ꣬ܰ½磬ҲԲֳܱô͵ʵҶɻأ˿ȴûʱ롣
ʱһһöӲӵĵҩУ漴һȥâһһϢָ
Сӣִһλᣬٸλģ˵껰кâһб֮󣬱Զߡ
ҶЩ룬ǵϤİӰһ֮ϣʵҶȷû취ססԼµ֣ܰô£ҶЩì


829 
ֻشڣ
ҶɣС࣬ٻ壬˶Уƺʲô
ˣѾȥʱˣûҪȻȥ½°ɣС࿴˿Ҷɣ˵˵
޷½ҲûʲôˣҶɫһ˵
Դǰһս֮Ҷɻصֻشû뿪Ϊٴû뵽ʱȥһ㶯ҲûУʱҶɵʵգۼš
ڼ䣬壬½أо̫ѣкܴһ룬ԱǳأȻڵɢɢҲá
ٻǾأҪ뿴ҶǷڽ񾳣ٻƺûб̫ϣϾͽûʲôչ
ʱҶһֱڲֱֻ֮˳غҶɲֹͣһٻ´֮á
ҶɣǬСû׵˰ʵ΢΢һЦ˵
±ǽ׵Ҫ磬һֱиϹָ㣬ںϣûĻңҲû׿ġҶ˵
ֵܣܾһˣΪСӻ۸һ٣ûʲôϣˡЦ
֪۸ˣǬ˵ʵǿأٻ˽Ļ
ʲôҺͽˣ廵Ц
ǰҶҡͷЦ
ˣȻЩֵܶǬˣ½ӻɣֻشµġС΢Ц
Ҷ˫ĿһУҪ֪÷ܰô£һֱȴǬ֪Լ飬ЩӦһֱڳչأͷȥȻȥҲûʲô˼ˡ
Ƭ̣ҶɵͷҲã½֮ӦھͲ½ˣһὫɽ鴦ϣмǣҪ
ãǣӦ˻ҲСɫһ
磿ε֪ģҶüͷһ塣
ҿǼϵǱ߼Ҷʶģ֮ǰ˺ܶģȻ֪λáС΢΢һЦ
ҵ˼ǣ֪飿Ҷһʵ
ǴŽһЩǰλ֮£һ죬ǿ½֮˷ʸģҲɷ½Դһ֮ء
֮λӡ񼴱Ҳ޷ֻڵ֮ȥһЩԴһЩɽĵҩһЩִµһЩͨ
֮֮ܵõͨòĶĴһ޴ɽ壬Ҳڡ
ɽ̺Ϣȵ֮ǽӴɽ֮ˣл֮Ϣ޷ա
ͨʿպõõΪϾ֮ޣԺ磬Ϊ֮ϢʱЩͬ˵Ϣһ㣬ʱ׺ܶࡣ
˶½֮ЩôǶѾô츣½磬һЩѡС໺˵
ԭˣھȻӵ֮Ϣɽ֮˵ȷôСͨһɽգٶȣõõĻʩչҲҶ֪뵽ܣЩȻ
뼸һ֮Ҷ뿪ֻشǰȴǰ

ɽ磬ʮɽڣ
Ҷɶ֮ϣιӰϹգƺʲô
ˣҪʱɽ磿ϹɫЩȻ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷϣгһգ㣬ܰĸ磬ܹĴУ˳ķ磬һ޷ͽһܱҴߣҲֻˡ
ԭˣˣǰһΣѾװ𼶱𣬲ûмˣǴҴȥϹڵ
ŶСʼѣҵҲǴԵ֮װ֮󣬿ͬке֡Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵
ǬһֱڱչأûгعϹ˵
˷һὫߣ˳㽫²һɽɱȰȻǡҶɫ֣ص˵
ףƺˣǺ㣬мİˡҶЩɻ˵֪İǰΪ£漴һ˦ſڴһ۶ͨһֱͨ˸
һṦдϼһӰֶһǺ㣬һŻɫ
һһ꣬˱һߣȥϢǺ㣬ǰ꣬˽ɫ԰ףһϢޣƺܵشһ㡣
ףɽ羹ܰ˳ҶɿˣҲûüѯ֮˵ĵϸ
ºǹվ˺ԣҺ֪߷ϡ
ҶǰԺٽȰҽλѾȻȻܾȻңһҲܽǸɫص˵
ŶȿҶüͷһ壬ȻһڣԼܰ쵽ĻȻƴʲôҶɿߡ
δɢȻЩֽţԾȻҶɴһ˫Ŀһ
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ѦϹλҶǰ㣡΢΢һЦ˵
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Ҫǵģӵ֮ϢԼڣһܹգʵļʣ֮Ϣ֣
Ҷ˵껰һӴϢŶϹѦϹȻһо֮ϢĸоļϢڱɽ粻֮˳֮Ϊ֮
ͳͳ֮ҶɴǬ뿪˳ӴѦϹıչأҶĹͨϹʱѲʱչȴƾõ£


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ҶΪǬٴһЩҩˣҶɼڰﲻ̫æˣΪģҶˣܷ׽񾳣ֻܿżֵԼıˡ

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ʱ仺ţھҶţҶܵķ˿ԽԽ࣬γһСԭι룬ҶɰΧ

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ޱĿһҶɣ漴ֿ˿ڤڵЩԨԴ㽫ɱ
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840 չ
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Ҷ񹬾Ų㣬һһԲְգ˸һƣֻش½籦ӡ
ûп̫࣬ѡһݰԲ΢΢һ㣬һʾš硯ϳһУ˵ӰȺûУ漴ʧ

պһؽһΣڼ֮ʣˣȻ˽ƣý΢΢һ㶡
ڤ˫ĿһУ漴һãǸСӿѾ½ˣߣӵĺǣҲҪץ
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ȻڤŲ֮󣬷ͨЩ붼ĴһһûС
ڤһҲʵڤߺҲûм񹬣Ҳû뿪֮Զϥһʱ˫Ȼల

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λǿ߿ܵĿռѷ죬ǺһУҲû˸ҽռѷȥѰұֻ취µѲ顣

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ĳ侲ڣҶɣ壬ǬĵӰУ׷׿Ŵϵһɫ԰ףü֮ĻɫӰ˲ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
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ˣѾʩס꣬ӦþչһȥǷأ׼ӭսڤҶ˵꣬˵˵ͷҶ뿪˾ҡ

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ҶкܴģԻڤ񣡡оâһĿ˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
ˣҶĳֻǸоʵԸڤһְնѣֻشһʱԷءҶЦ
ŶǺãȻǶѳأҲи˶ˣ߰Ҷѣȥڤ˵껰һŴ֮ȥҶɽ


842 սڤ
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ߣڤĬϣһһ˦ԼıԶȥ
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ҲãǱ鷳ˣҶ˵껰˵ͷһʧ
Ҷɿ˿Զ˼ã󻺻ҡͷ̾ϢһǷֻش

ˣ²ֶΣĻһҪСģСҶ˵Ļɵü塣
ǺǣصģڳڤܸҴвûǸʵʲôֶûʩչҲ̫ʵҶЦЦ
ȻıãʱСһȥСɫһ˵
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ٺ٣ˣ磬ҶֵܣԺƽཻɣôһ֣һЦ
⡭Щԥ
Ҷɿ˿ˣͷһЦ㣬Ը֮ʱҲңҲ飬ҰаңȻΪ࣬ӰֵཻǿңԺƽưɣΣ
лҶǰлҶɣЩŤ˵
ֵܼʲôӦģǬһЦصĺļ
ˣм¸㡭Щµ˵Ǹ̸ҵ컯ƿս֮вСľռѷˣɽһգ׼󱳵ĴڣҲһͬ˿ռ
޷һѣܵõҲǴԵ֮Եߵ֮ԵɣҶ΢΢һЦûںһĶʧ
ţˣԨѹڤӦûڼĥֲ˼ش󣬿ĥֱ
ֻҪ۲ƣڤɣҷԸ˼ǿߣÿһʱ䣬ȥȹһ·ӡɫһ˵
ҶȻź㴦飬ֻЩǵĿ˿ǬϾڤǬĶˡ
ǬƺнҲ֪ڤΪɽ飬̾Ϣһû£ɣѾȹһΣɽ磬ڣҲ취ֹ
㲻ұã㿪ڵ
ֵܼʲôùֵģҶɣûʲôˣǲǸףһǬ
ãҶ˵Żȡƺ仯ֻյ˳˵˹ʱǰȥ飬˳˸ҶС֮⣬Ҳûж˵ʲôϾҲﲻʲôæ
ֵܼԪѹʮ࣬ԶɽһЩϹֻ£Ҷ˰Ȼ޷񾳽磬ҲҶɵһź

ǧֻشĳ侲ң
ҶɿǰһݰԲ֮ͨ˸һƣҶɶʱշֻ֮ظ򣬱ҪԽռ½һЩ仯뷢չ񼴱磬ҶҲԻٵ˽һЩ½顣
ֻҪҶһĳϱʾ½龰չ˿̣ɽ緢ңƺ׷ɱʲôˣʲôЩеĽ񣬵ɫ״̬Щ죬ƺԶȽƵı࣬ӦһֱĽ
½飬ҶʧȥȤҪǶʱ֮ȥע½ʲôƬ̺΢΢ҡҡͷ
ֻ֮Ҫʱַ֮ռ䷨֮չܸչԽռ룬ֻʱ䷨нչ
ֻʱ䷨򣬲ܿԽ޾մԽֻأֹ֮һȥȥδĳռص㣬ڿԿԽռﵽĳص㣬ʱ䲻䣬ԻصȥԼδҶüͷ΢˵
ʱ䲻ͣʧܻصȥҶɵһ죬һ͸˿ϻʱ䷨֮ܿҲһЩȴȫƿصĵز
Ҷ˫Ŀһգܹоڳ˹˿еʱ䣬ռ䣬Ȼ׵磬֮˿ַ޴ڡ
ȻƽʱѼЩǵߣ֮ܵʱЩ˿ữΪʵһΪʵͻ˼һЩѡ
ףʱ˿ƺĳֹɣҶɺȻ˫Ŀһ˵˵һ䡣


845 
ֻش⣡
ӽӵǰ֪ͨҶǰȥ񹬣飬ȻӻӲͷƤˡ
ӣǰҶȥ񹬣翪ڼҪһ¡վֻش֮⣬˵˵
Сڴ֮ڵԺһȥͨһ˵껰Сȥ˶¥Ҷɱչ֮
һṦҶС¥£Ȼأоʱ䷨Լֻ֮Ҳ߲٣翪ڼҲòȥһˡ
ҶɿڵС࣬˷ȻػˣڤһʲôͲȥˡ
ȻԸС໹ǵ˵ͷðɣһСġ
ҶӦһС༸֮󣬱뿪˴֮Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ѣ겻Ҷɿһ䡣
ҶѿˣĳӣҶЩԶǺǣ뵱ǲ𵱳Ҷɷʯ顣
Ǻǣ޷Ѿȥ˼ʮᣬǱ߱˵ɣҶЦЦ漴˶ݹһ𣬱񹬷ȥ

ڤΪҪڵһЩ£ҵȰʯ˵˽Ƿ֣ҲһʯģʱԼȥ磬ı񲻶ڤԼģĳڣһ꣬ϵڤ˵
ڤüͷһ壬ڵǰǿԵȥһʯ㹻ȷԶıҲûǡ
б䣬½Ҷɣֻش۵ĴУֻ֮ʵﵽǵĲΣ֮£Ȼ޷˺ȡı
ǸһЩ·չ˵ᳬԽʱһ֣ɾͲȡôˣǶ˶̱ҵֶġ
Ҷʵǿ꾪ɲ˵
ڸպǸʱⲻҶȻʵҵȣκϽƺ֮£˭Ҳֻܻ֮ڤҲЩΣҲΨһѡ
ʲôһ䡣
ٺ٣¾ͲùʵˣϷҲֻشĴл߸ҲʲôҲûУʱȥΧѰһԵãǲ롣ڤ΢΢һЦ˵

񹬣
ҶһϢۺ񣬿Ϊϲ˿Ҷɣ˵˵һ䡣
˷֪кδ׼֮Ҷĳһ֪һҶɫһʵ
ӵŶ˶Իûвԣ
ҴŸ㽲һ£ԶƬɫָ֮½磬ʮ꿪һΣԽ﹦żɵõһЩԵ
һΪֻشһֱ޷ΪҪʯʯ̫Ӵ󣬲ڱڤеļһ㹻⵽
ֻش֪кⱦҶоâһ
ǺǣҲϾû˽ȥ˵ĵطûʲôǧܵٵ½һΣҵȺô΢΢һЦԼҪ֪ʲô罫ȡˡ
⵹ǣδ֪ųջ󣬲֪Ƿ׼ʹҶĳķʯСģǿԣҶĳϣԻҶɫһ
ԣ˫ĿһУ漴ڵ˷ʯȻ㹻Ҳ˵ܲõǵķʯΪҲֻһˣԼķʯпϵġ
Ҷüͷһ壬΢΢˵ͷʱ
º󣡡˶٣ڵȥɣԱϣӵ뿪񹬴ֻʣҶˡ
뻻ԼСķʯɫһ˵
ȻֻûʯʮСҲֻ۳ѡҶɻһ䡣
˼Ƭ̣һ˵ҪطʯҲûа취ǿʱ򡭡

ºҶɣӣӵһаˣ뿪񹬣ĳȥ
ٺ٣˷ҵȰﲻϴæϣǴջ񣡡·ϣ΢Ц
Ҷڣ˷߾ˣڤһֻˣܴѹһǵơһЦ
Ҷĳɰﲻʲôæ˷ҲֻͬһˣҶʼ硣
ת׿˿Ҷɣɫһ˵ҶǧҪǫ飬û㣬Ҳڤģϣ˳
һаˣ˽ɫֱԵһСгֻǿȥЩģӣڤһˣڴ˵صȺ


846 ̳ƽ
ǺǣǿˡڤҶ΢΢һЦ˵˫˻˼䣬һк
ڤˣļ˵һ䡣
ڤÿɷʼ磺ֻܿشµϷȷʵеļٺ٣ȻѾˣȽȥɡ
ã΢΢˵ͷ漴ڤˣŽɫǵڷȥģ֮£˱ʧ

һƬƵĿռڣһ޴Ĺ֣һͳǳأԼԿǳм仹һƹ֣һ죬ֻ״Щģģ
͹֮⣬ʮӰգڤҶɵʮ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢еĴųǳڵĵ졣
Ҷɽ֮ʱû𣿡ڤ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ⵹ûм˵ѣҶĳɽʱ䲢
ҶѵǱһǿдģ˵һ䡣
ǰɣҶʼ磬ûԼ½磬ҲûʵֻЩȻûڡ
棬ǹȥɣڤ˷׷׵ͷݹһ𣬱ȥ
ܰ˵Ӱ٣Űº˱һҶоâһ
㣬ɫһϵϢſڴŻرգɢһɹɹ֮
ΧĴһģһļ̳ÿ̳ܣʮɫʯϿ̻һķģÿһʯ·һа۵ʯ̨
ʱϣ㲻Ҫ֣ʯʯóɣڤЩĿ˿̳˵
΢΢˵ͷڤɣÿ˸̳Σ
ԣȶְɣڤ˵ŻǴλ̳ȥ
ȥ̳˵껰Ҷɵ˸һ̳Ͽգֻһ˦
৵һ
ٶʯ漴ǰ˼̳ϰ۴ֻۣȻտյӰʯãʯ޷С
һӣʯУˢһֶ󣬱ǰ֮ڣ̳΢΢һʮʯһĻһööĻһ߲
΢΢˵ͷȡһʯѹٶʯ֮ϣǵ㣬һʯ󲹡
Ƭ̺ڶ̳֮ϣƺһ꣬һɫЩѿΪڶ̳ϵʯ˵ġһ̳ϵķʯǱġ
ӣǷֱػ̳ʯҶѵģһʯ㣬ǾʵڲУ˵ķʯҲҪó˵껰˵ͷ漴ķʯ
ԶҶ˫ĿһУԼɺôȻǰõģȻǶʯʱ򣬼ȻܹóȻҲᵣı
ʱڤƺ񣬴վڴſڣһǳڤԡ
̳Ѿ׼ã׼׵ǱԼˣڤɫһ˵
˵ͷ漴һ죬ڤԴ̳ͬʱ΢΢һÿ̳ϵʮʯâɣһööųĿϼ
̳ͳ֮һṦʮʯֱһɫһööɫڷɲѡ
Ȼ䣬ɫĹϼƺЩ˸̳ǳ˴״̬ڤͬʱ˫ĿһС
ٽʯ棬ڼ̳㣬һʱ䣬֮ǰŬһ񣡡ЩеķԸ
ڤƺҲ׼ֱٴΰӰ̳ʯҶɲüͷһ壬Ҫľźá
ɲǼ䣬ʮɫڼ̳Ͽգ۳һʮɴСɫڰջתѣһööʱʱʧɢһɹɹϢ
ֻ֮ʱշ򣡡Ҷ˫ĿһУԭڴſڽϣͷϤĲû뵽̳߷Ҳֲ
ڤһͺȣ̳֮ϵɫ΢΢һƮɶŴſڷȥǿ̳ϵĹŴſڷȥ
ৡ
ſڴۼĸ޴Ĺջ۳һſһײ۵һ죬ϼ˸Ѷ
ûκξҵı
ϼ˸֮䣬һööļȫ˴Ż֮ϣǲ㵭ɫĻ΢΢һ۵һɢȴҲӦ


847 Ƕǣϣ
ɫһڤһһɾϯصһ״򿪣¶˴֮ڵ龳
󣬳мһɴСļ̳ھͿտյǽ֮ϣ̻һööơ
ڹ쳣ȥûʲôƣȻˣҲóȻǰϾֻشĽ˭Ҳұ֤̺ʲôͬĹ
ʱߣֱ𽻳һʯҶС飬ֻɢĲ΢˲١
һ̼̳㣬Ƕֻýʯȥûһգֻӵ˵ķʯľˡɫһ˵
˼Ƭ̣󿪿ڵҶѣϣǴ˷죬ʯͻˣ
һʯǳҶɵǰ
Ҷɽӹʯ΢΢˵ͷ˷˵ԼȡɵĺôңʯȻ㲻ʲôΪԼı
ȻڤѹԲԼʾá
ڤҶɵĶԻ˿齻ȥķʯɵ˫ĿһУжԶ˰Сġ
ڤ˿ˣڵˣûʲôˣȥɣԵõĻ漴ֻشµһЩ򡣡
ҲǷԸһ漴뿪ſڱÿյֻʣڤҶˡ
ڤһһƿܰĻ˴֮ڣ䰲ȻתһȦ֮ڤ΢΢һЦ
ٺ٣Ҳýȥˣڤ˵껰һŴڷȥɫһҶǲŲæĸڶֻҪҶڣͿƺ˲֡
һźҶǰһܾת֮£ҶɺȻѣθУƬ̺Ӧ
ǣҶɺȻɫһ䡣
ǰһСӣһЩͯˣһŰ£Ƥ׾ĺӣʮӣһСŮţץżҩġ
Ҷ˫ĿһУǸСŮҶɲİСʱ飬ԱǸкȻԼСʱˡ
Ҷɿ˿ܣǻ˵ϤﾹȻԴ򣬶ҶҵĴլҶɵǰ
һṦһ׳Ҷǰ·Ҷû׼ãһ׼һ࣬öԷײԼ
۵һ
˾Ȼ˴Ҷɵϴ˹ȥҶȻ˫ĿһС
ǰĶǻʵʲôҶɺȻ֣ԼЩ͸ЩģƺԼǻ󣬶Ӳʵġ
⣬ôܣҶЩɲĿ˿Լ漴ʩչıΧ򣬵һ̣Ҷסˡ
޷ʩչ֮Ҷһ㷨ҲûУͬһ㣬ʵʵڵľһõӰǰľֻܿܶ
Ҷ˼ʱҶſҶ򸾳֣˿˿ԶˣҶкһ֮󣬱ǽҶɽ˻ȥ
ɶټˣˣؼҳԷٶϸ
֪Ҷ˽˼䣬ߵ˵ͷܵˣͯʱҶһ·СܵĸߣҶ򸾻صҶլ֮С
ҶɿһĻƺӡﲢûзЩĴ֮£ǸȥȻʩչԷҲԼֻҶЩɻ⾿ʲôطԼΪȻþȻûʲô취ƵƣҲֻÿ
ɶƽʱҪϳȥ档ҶҴڣڳԷٶһеĿ˿ϵҶɡ
֪ֻǺһȥͶ˼ҩġҶЦ
Ժ׼ȥ͵ô𣿡Ҷɫһ壬Щ˵ŵͯҶͷû˵ʲô
ԶҶɿһĻ΢΢ЦһЦŶȻЩ鲻ǵãĸоֹȷ٣ʱһ׻ô
ҳˣȻȥϢˣͯҶС΢ף˵ŶЦЦܻ˷Уǣֳ˵Ƥ
⺢ӣǺǣٶЦЦ
Ҷ̾ϢһɶֻʮѰҽҩһֱûа취󲮶˺ö˰æˡ
ٶ̾ϢһãӲ֪£һĻܸˣǱˣ޵Ŀĵİɡ
⺢ԸǿʣҪû缲һ𡣡ҶЦЦҶɵĻÿʣһİο
Ҷü漴һͯҶɵķ䣬ͯҶ֮ʱһ¡
ҲһͯҶϻõЦʧʣµģֻļ
ңҶ˫ĿһɣЩɲ˵


848 ǶǣУ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢Уʾ֭Ҳ벻ԼһĻ˿ǰĳԼģֻǸĸоֹȴ˿
ͯҶɵһЩ鶯ҲԼ꼸һֻǵԼֻ֪ʮ飬û˵ǿִҪ춷
ͯҶƺʲô㶵ĿҶλãСԴڵ˭
һĻɵҶ΢΢һоͯҶɵϣƺĳϸ֮󣬾Ȼʱ֮ȻޣҶɻܹĸӦ
ôܣȻܷңѵǻþҶüͷһ壬ЩɲĿͯҶɡ
ܿңҶһ䡣
֣ܸоˣȴʲôҲͯҶ˫üһгɻ֮ɫ
ᣬҸоһЩþһЩΣʱҵĸоԤлΪʵʱȴǼٵģûͯҶҡҡͷ
⡭ҼǵСʱҿûġҶЩЩεżй˵ԤУҲô׼ģʱû⡣
ͯҶһ˵ԼһЩԼСʱȴЩͬϸһ룬ȷʱշֻ֮Сʱֻи޷á
ҶһֱεҶңҲûܷĴڣҲ֪˶죬Ǽ죬Ǽ£Ǽ꣬Ҷң˾ޱ䡣
Ҷɴ󲮲Ҷ֣ҶȰ˵Ҷ뿪һĻĻҶ˵ϤҪԼֻһӰʵֻǸ͡
ͯҶɱߣҶ˶սҶɲûȥǧ¹ۿʲôΪԼۿֻҪԼĸλȵġ
ս˺ܳʱ䣬֪˶ãһֲϢɢ̼ǽ𵴵Ļ˹ȥһɫӰֶ
ʦҶɿǿܿ˼֮󣬱ǽҶ򸾴ߣһṦ򣬶ģʬ壬漴ʧ
Ҷɲûȥ׷ǧ¸ȥֻһǰ仯Լǳǧ£ҶշСࡣ
ףԣûҶɺȻʲôЩɻһֱͯҶɣֱС뿪ǧ¡
ȻҲûУҶٴɻĴ֮£һ·׷ͯҶɵĳɳ
֮飬Լһ޶ҲȺʶ˽壬Ǭˣǧڣʶᡣ
ҶΪ޸ĴѰҩ飬Ⱥȥ˼壬ҩȣ·ؼһһΧ겢ûǰʿĹҲûܹԼЩɱ
䳹׻ȥ֮󣬼ɱʱСȻǽҶɾߣڴ˷֮ҶƺһЩ仯
ǵʱһ̣г˲ʣȴûоϴŨŨļ㣬ȴûзǱ֮ʱҲƴƺǿִһ
˷֮ҶתѹȻʱַ֮ĸӾֻǣȻ޷ƿأȴʵʵڵĸܵʱַ֮
˿̣ͯҶɣҲɳΪ꣬صǧڣ뼸ֵܾһÿӴʱ򣬶˶ǻЦ
ȥǧɱްɡῴ˿Ҷɡ
ŮħͷԺҪڽ֡Ҷɰһۣ᲻Сһ죬˫г״
ԶҶɲпעᣬƺϧǰĳΪҶ֪ò˶ãĻ䡣
ȻķչҶֽɱԼȥֹǧεĺ˭ҲҶдһĪʹ
ҶƺЩľǰĳãݣΪҶɣҲѾΪ˰׷ħͷѾ޷档
Ҷݱ֮ڣʶԭԼαװɵͽʿɽ棬˻֮һֱɽڣҶܸом˵ʲô
ˣҶ˫ĿһУǸˣȻҲûгֹҵķҿ¾Ҫǿɱ
ҶٴɻԼ񿴵ĳԼһģһֻȱ˼ؼĵط
ҶҲ֣ҶƺѾʼһ˿ʱշͬڱȽԼʵҶҪԼǿһЩϸ֮Ϲӵĸ¼ȣʵּࡣ
ҶۼҶɣǿƭֿռ󣬾Ȼʱշ֮ǿԼҲͬƲᣬ֮飬Լһģһˡ
﾿ʲôطþʵΪЩϸҾĲһڤˣҶЩɻ˵


849 Ƕǣ£
Ҷȸ·Ҷڳͨƿɹ֮Ϣһʱǳأ˾ͽлֵΣ
뿪֮Ҷɱ׼ɽڣ͸Ԫ޼ǿ֮ѸĸӻصԴѾһ
Ҷ潫ĸߺӰҶɲüͷһ壬омٴȱһʲô
κңǵûɽ·ӦκңȪݣ嶴Ȼٻֱӻص԰ôٻҶЩɲ˵ѵ֮仹ʣٻлԵ
Ҷһ˼ţһ߸Դֻۼ˻Цһֱ֪ͨٻϢ
ֱȪݷһʿѪϴĲҰ֮Ҷɹŵǰңֻýߣĸ͵ɽڣԼ࣬ŸϹȥȪݡ
ѵٻ˾ˣҶ˵ŻҶȪݣǹż澹ȻָΪﵽ֮ͨҶսżֶƵ֮£ҶɲУʱշ֮٣ӵһ˿лꡣ
Ҷżʱ򣬵֪һϢǾǻٻѾڹżѪ֮С
ӰҶɲһʹȻԼ޹ϸһþϾʵĻٻֻشԼߣһĻҶɷʱӰҶȻסˡ
ֱһ̣Ҷɲȥ嶴ѪؾҹзӨ¶εıˣұ˶Իٻ
ٻҶԲס㣬ұΪṼ㣬Բҽܣұ̫࣬ҪѰҷѰҷ
֪ˣ統㣬ڣųĹҪĲǳŵֻǺһô򵥣ңȴһֱ㣬һٹģٻҶɼȱ
֪ˣٻһ𣬺α³Ӱ˿ҶɣЩ΢ŭ˵ֻǵԼֺγǹ˻ٻǧꣿʸѵˣ
õҶҡͷ̾ϢһоǰҶɣԼĿҪ࣬󱯴ϲϣҲΪЩҲΪûԼֶΣҶɶʱշ֮Խͨ͸ڱûУȻŵһȥ
ÿ˻ûץס٣ֻҪһֱԼŬ˵´εĻãԱ϶ʧߵר
ǰҶ֪Լȱ˶ĺô˵ҲԱ˵ҶҲֻϹӵķֶΣҲͲоʱշ֮ѿʼ޷Լ츳ܡ
ҶƺƽϢľڷؽǵ·ϣɽˣֱӽɽɱҲŰһӰЩȥΪֶʵڹڲ̡
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ҶɣɱŻֶΣȻҲʱշ֮ӰҶֶβ̼ͬһ޶
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ɽı仯Ҷɵʱշ֮Խһַ֮˼ͨ
ͬʱҲϱɴսӳȥػɽȥɽҲǻԵɺµõ˵ʥħ֮ͬпռ䣬ϹűͬСࡣ
ֻ붫İʿһսҶȻʱշ֮սʤģȻԼҲء
ֻǣΪֹҲûмֻرֻؿҲû˿Ѷ·𲢲Щ봫˵
ӰҶɰЩ죬ѷ֣ǰһĻƺǻ󣬼ֱʵڵģôˣѵԼǻԼ磿
ڣҶɽ¼ͽƺоʲôԼƳ˼˲õı׼ɽչʾһһЩǰͣȻʱҶɣѳΪɽĴڡ
Ӱ׼ۿ䵽״ʲô뱦֮ʱҶֻһų֣֮ҳһѷ죬ǰɫѸٱ任
Ҷһѣι󣬺ȻԼڣվһ̳֮ϣһ۰ʮŷʯֻڻΪ˻ͻͻɫƺľǰľʧˡ
תĿһ֮£䷢ڤҰվһ̳֮ϣд֮ɫֻǶ˵ļ̳ϣֻʯѡ
˾ݵĻָǻعҲ֪ڤʲôжǴһ˿ϲҶҲЩ˷ľԼ


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֣һƷֻΪûио˿ڤ¼̳˿ܻ
΢΢һЦô˵ҶиԵջɣ
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ǻоһ£δ̳ɣ˿̳ϵĻɫ֣ɵüͷһ壬̳ʲôʶ֮Ҳ޷ֺ̽
ϵĹ֮ƺǿǿƿڤһֽƹ˿
̳ûаʯĵطҲֻǿƿˡüһ壬۲̳
ҶɵһΣڤɻ꽣У漴ǻɫңңһնವһһƥײϡ
ֻɫ΢΢һǺɫƥǱûУһ˿ܶδ֣˲˫ĿһС
˺Ҳƿ֡Ҷڽҡͷ̾Ϣһ
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˽ɫҲ΢΢ҡΣ˿ûбƿĸо˲֣˰취
Ѿԣ޷ǿƿˡЩΡ
ڤ˿ƹ֣ϴŨŨĲʣ˫Ŀһе˵ѵǵҪһˣ
Ǻǣô֮ǰǶõһЩģ·صȥֽӽֻأǶǣ仯Ҳ֪൱Ĵ
ǿް꣬ҲûЩֱӣֻҪȥȻջСЦЦ
ٺ٣⵹ǣڤͷһЦ֮ǰҲڼ̳ϿСʱԼֲȫһ
Ҷɿ˿ܣȻоâһɲ˵᲻󣿻˵̳мǽƹֵۡ
⡭Ҷ˵漴ת˿̳ڤҲϸ
Ҷϸģⶼܱ㷢֣̳пڡڤƺʲôϴЦ⡣
ҶѿһҲо֪кθ߼ѯһ䡣
ҶЦЦλˣҶĳҲֻڲ²ѣλܣ֮ǰڼ̳ľķʯȡһЩʯһ£Ƿʲô仯
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ǺǣһóʯɣҶӦòʯڤƺҶɵ˼
ã˵껰ȡʯҶɣ󰲷˼̳֮ϣת׽ڤʯ˼̳֮ϡ
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ʯɲǣ̳ϼһ۸Լһɫм̳ɫֺȥ
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һ̣̳۹ϼƺ㣬ɫȻһɢмĽƹ֣Ҳٴλָ
״ڤǵϲɫһ̳ȻۣҶѹȻ˷˶ʮʯ֪˴򿪽Ƶİ취
üһ壬ڵǣòʮʯ֮ǰĵģҲղ
⵹Ǹ⣬ܲɱȡѣеķʯԺû˰ʯˡڤҲüͷ
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ʵûа취Ҳֻһˣһʧܣ»˷ʯҸóһٿʯΣڤһ䡣
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Ҷɽӹ˵ʯ׼׵֮漴Լһ֣֮ɫֻҪ̳֮һ߷˽ȫƹ֡
ۣڤһ䣬˱ʾԴһ̳ϵʯ죬׳ĻɫмĽƹ֡


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ڹ΢΢һ֮ʣ죬̳ϼĻɫҲӦײ˽ƹ֮ϡ
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λҪǼ֣ǾҪһˣڤϴż֮ɫæһʮ鷽ש֮䣬۳һѪɫ漴ŽƹҶȥ
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ãлָ˰ϼɢڤ˽ǻ󿪣ǽǴǰƻҲڸǿеֿ
˿̣̳ĴĽƹʧʮʯ˼̳գʯ·һ
״ͬʱ˫ĿһУĪ˵ʮʯһ飬˵ҲŪһ飬ЩʯǰҶҲЩ
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Ȼ˷һʯһûĸҶΪȴܹóģֻǣĿǰʮʯԼҲŪ֡
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Ҷɶһۣ漴һƮϣڤһϼһӰģ֮£ʧҲָ˰

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ҶɽϿգĿ֮£ûмڤˣһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
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Ҷ˼Ƭ̣һ뿪ɽ壬ԶȥͬʱӴʶ֮ţ˷Բ
պҶ·һƬŨܵĹ֣ÿһôϸɣҶɵɫȷʵЩдյʱ䣬ǸǶôңԶľ룬ǣȻûпƬռк쳣Ҳûпͷ
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ҶɺȻ֣ԭؼƽĹ˿ȻЩѾΪˣˮ֮ȻԶһ¶ϵϯأҶڿռ䡣
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Ҷɲ֪˾ʲô֮Լܹ֮󣬼֮ҲԻĳضĹܹ˿ǰ
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Ҷһ߶ſռ䷨֮ڿռŤżҶɶݹȡĿĵأԼԸǰɶݣʱͻһǻҲմȾһ˿ٲʱ䷨֮
֪䣬Ҷڰж㣬ֻ䲢֪˿ԼģѻΪʮʱģ
͵ҶɸոշԼıС֮ʣٲϳˢҶܵʱ䶼ûУʱҶɵģһֲֿٶ˥̼䣬ǻΪһ׷ԲԵߣϲƣ


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ٺ٣ͲҵȲĵˡҡͷһЦ˲ֻ֪죬Ҷ죬ؿռֻһʱѣˣǸоһʱ䡣
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ǧʮ񼸺вСջӸΪȹ̣ʵûŵϵ֮С

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ҶգƾܿռŤҶɵΪ֮ϱ任ҲǲΪһХĿռѷҶնȥǰҶɵ۶ϡ
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ռ֮Ȼûʲôвʱ䷨֮ҶȻ޷ֵ˫ĿһգҶɱǼʱ䷨ƾʱ䷨˿ӣϻʱ任֮ء
ͬһʱ䣬𺣽Ȼһ˿궯ѹ£Ҳûʲô󰭣˫ĿյĲʲô
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Ҷ֮ٲһδεĳˢҶɵ壬ֻǴ˿̺ٸıҶɵòҲӤߵ״̬ڲɣһЩһЩƺʱ֮Ѿ޷Ҷɵ̫ºۼ
˿̵ΧΪһΧ·ɲѣԭ乹вĴڣȻƿ硣
ڤ˫Ŀ΢еĿԶɫ¶һĨЦߣϴֻΪǺԲǱʵΪϷĶ֣
ٺ٣ϷʵɱҲûпܣʵû뵽ܵõĸ򣬲ֻشĽ
Ƭ̺ڤ΢Цÿֻܿ꣬ξȻٶ꣬ΪϷõ˻ԵıһЩ
ֻǲ֪Ƕˣ˷ȥҪúñչһֻҪ˷ջȫգ¾Ҳܸһ㡣
˵䣬һؼ侰任ռŤڤһѣι󣬺ȻԼ˴֮ϡ
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ףڤȻ֣ҶһϢҲı䣬ƺҲǿ˲٣û֣Ҳж϶Էʵʵ
ϲλλʵҶ΢Ц漴뿪˴
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻϿƯһöʽӵ붼ĽץУڤɫһҶ˫Ŀһ
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ڤɫһŭһԹŮȻĽϷˣˣֲ˺ģʯҶСӣ˵ʲô죬ڱﻹԼԼϷһΡ
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ڿ¼ʲôõĸǶƽ֣˲ǿʵ俹⣬ƽֵĻʵڸҲûãϾԷҲص˵
Ҷɰһ룬˵ĻҲûе漴΢ЦǺǣ鿼ǵĵǺȫҶĳȻҲ뵽ȴ²ȥֱӽߣ»ǹϡ
ǺǣʱΪԱΪǿʵϸɴһЩ󱯾Ŀ϶Լп˵
Ҷʼ磬Щÿɷ˼Լѡ񣬾ʱԵ飬ˣֶԼûʲôҶҲʹӦʲôôʵ֮󣬾ڤҲǲʲô
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ȥһԼȥ˿ҲԽ˵ŻҶɱչصĵط˼֮󣬵ȴû˴Ӧ
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ϷĸԸ䣡ڤһЦҶֻʩչ˿ռ䷨ʱ䷨ûбֳ˿ֲȫʩչԼл·ڤɲҶɵԵʯ
Ҷɿ˿ڤɫȻһڵҵ񱾾չ֮½ƣħģҵҲûʲôãױù֮Ƴ
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ԣ˷ҾͷŹ㣬ԺΪ֮Ƕߵ˲вµаҲͷϡҶɫһͳ˵
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ãҶɵӰʧڤüͷһ壬ʲôԵȻܶ羵ѵʵҲѾԽϷ򣿡ڤ¶֮ɫ

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޷ҵڤҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣڤҲԹвֻʱвشڣʵЩвҶ˵껰¶֮ɫ
Ӧõõ˴ԵĳطչС˼һܹƿֻ֮С໹ǵҶܵ˺ģֻǴ˵Ҷɲʲô
ˣȲҲҪ뿪ֻشһжµģҶɽ˼䣬ǽ֮ڣ˫ĿһյĴ
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Ҷɹ۲һ渡ֳĳ֮ʱȻɫһƺǷʲô
һɽ֮ϣһۣƤԺڣɫص꣬һ֮ϣڶɷɽ׺֮١
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861 񳯰
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ǺǣȻˣĳ͸ˣٺ٣ڣ뼸˵һкæȥ

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ҶѲؾнﶼѣû˻Ầ㣬ٺ٣벻㲻õҶɵĴУõҵɷʥǵõ˱ƿϼһļҲֻ㱦ϵ֮ƺǾģȥܲС΢΢һЦ˵
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864 ֮սϣ
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Ǻǣǰﲻʲôæ°ɣڤǰȥáҶɶ˽˼䣬漴ڤ뿪ֻش

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ҶһܿռŤԸֹӲƴֻҪռû߿ռŤû𴦱á
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865 ֮սУ
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ָ֮ʣԥĶݹһ𣬱ԶȥҶʱַ򣬼ڲ֮أĿǰҲ޷սʤ
ߣҶһߣ׷ȥֻһӣռݣһƬƬռƬֶһҵ磬¡¡һ죬ȫƿ
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˵˵˵ЦЦɢϯ˴˿̣̫ƽҲɣҶʵĳƺţҲǵ֮

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⡭һҶɲ¶˼֮ɫ漴ۿŻҶɳɹΪ񾳣ֻֻ֮Ϊ˸ᣬʧܡ
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Ҷɰ̾ĿǰԼ޷ΪҪʱշ£Һ϶Ϊһĵز
ֻشȥ磬ʱûڤٴζ˵ķʯֻشı޷½磬ִֽʩչֻ֮ó˹֣Ƭռ䣬֮Ϊ硣
ֻشƺĲСϢʱ䣬뿪磬ɽ֮󣬸֪磬佫ֻϹűֻǣֻش۽ֻ
ٴξСģֻشɽݷʮ֮ãָһЩ磬ֱѰĸطĿʯһƳһݵͼֱɽ磬֮ͨһٽ㣬֮޷ͨ硣


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