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ɸ֮Ե ߣ

ݼ飺
Ҷһƽ꣬õһɸŻᣬӴ̤֮·ɸڣһͷСһľݣһĶҩԣһһ󡭡
׺ɣ䣬һ׷ɵ֮ģڤڤעһԵ



һ ɸŻ


1 ´Ժ

´ɽ´Ժ
ԺɽռǧĶԺ¥ءΪһԺ´ԺϰռΪŨΪ˲ٵ󳼡ӵܣԱ´Ժν֮͡
´ԺΪԺԺ
Ժѧһǧ꣬ʮ꣬ʵΪһ㡣
ԺѧӴԼжٶˣԴʮϣʵΪĵ㡣
ɫԺУڣԺǧɫѧУΧվʮɫµĽͷա
顢顢飡
һǧУУÿǰһ۴ֵӲľ׮Ӳľ׮ߴȭšȭƿ쳹䳡
ʮҶһǧѧӴڣȭš
Ѿͣü֪꣬ʲôʱͻƣ
ҶаţȭͻӲľ׮Ӳľ׮졣ǣ޷Ӳľ׮

ԴΪֳ֮Ϊڡ
Ժܽͷһߣ˫ֱ֣ɫɨԺ꣬ȡ
һ߿ʼѵͣ
ڷΪŲ㡣һ㣬ʣƤ⡢Ĥ衣˫ǿӵٽʯع
ľ׮ȭţڵĻͻ㣬Ӳľ׮ǰҪһֱȥҪΪľ׮ζûٵسĸ֣ڸ棬ڱ´ԺʵʵĴ˺üӲľ׮˿๦򣡡
һͻڣƾȭ֮һӲľ׮ʱ̣ѪʢսŨңֱȫѪӯ߿ɴٽͻ֮󣬿似ǹǿս
ЩԺëͷСӣϷϸˡϷǿһ£ڵʵ
˵ţУһɸ߳ߺʯǰվɣһ
ԺѧǶϢ
ͻȻһ΢ĺ
Ӱȣ
߱һҽɨߣ죬Ӱ磬ס
䣡
ǿɳߺʯһŴ߶ϡ
ѵʯȻɳʮɿ⣬ʯɽ
㣬Ӱȣ
ҶһĻʧ㣬ÿӲľ׮ȭŴʣʵ۴ֵӲľ׮޷ϣ˵ϳߺʯ
Ժܽͷһŵֱӽʯ߱ȭ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ʯͷ⡮ӰšؼҲܲ𰡣ǲ֪ʲôʱʯܽͷʵʵһϲ佫
Ժ𾪺۷׷ףƽʱòĻ߲ΪȻڿߵĿ֮жʱ˼־η֮ɫ
УڵһյأԺٶѧӣʯŪȷȴ鲻мԺѧ֮У似в١
߶ʯչʮһȵչ¶һѧӣŻϷҲѡ֮ϣǿŲ㡣ѪԽŨңǣɴŰٽܡϬţ
ﵽڵھŲ㣬ȥͣԳΪ͡㵱һ֣ԳΪ֡ھŲĵλģǵİΣ
֮ϣиߵԪڣɣʩչͨĪ⡣´ԺԺһλɣΪĹʦЩҵȷӿԶ̸۵ˣҲա
߸ֶɽͶ㶼һָ㽭ɽš԰Ժʮ֮ãٴӱ´ԺȥسҪһʦ
´Ժ꣬ѧһԺѧӻᣬʮ꣬ʱȥ޿ȡڶʮ֮ǰ㣬ͨԺʵͱҵˣ
Ƕʮ꣬û㣬ֱӴӱ´Ժ̹Ϊʱ˷ѣ
ߵԺѧǼӲľ׮ⷬ˵ʮ顣жȥͿ˵컯ˡ
ҶϸߵĽ⣬ἰ֣͡
㣬˵̫ңԶ
ֻһСƽ񣬳һͨũң㱻͵ⱱ´ԺԺڿѧ˽ʮ꣬ʮżѵڵ㡣
ʵԺںһ㣬Ǽ
һҪͻ㣬ڣ
Ҷ˫ȭݺݵӲľ׮ϣʼȭʮֻ꣬Ժȥ
һʱʱ
ҶÿһȭһŶ߾ȫӲľ׮ȭͷƤ¶ѪˮѾʪ˴ֲʹȽźֱ͸֧ʼ
ȥ
Ҷҧţÿһ缡ǿƣ
ƣ֮УҶͻȻоԼڼ׵ƺһ˿ĸԴļ켫ͣ˲ӿȫ
߾
ҶʹȫԾһŷԼǰӲľ׮
飡
Ӳľ׮ѣըڶľƬ
ͻˣڴӲľ׮ҴﵽĲˣ
ҶŵĿѵӲľ׮ϥŵأս˫ȭͲסеļͿϲ
ɲǼ䣬ΧԺǧѧžͣˢˢĳҶؿ˹ȥĿг˾Ľ
ԺУϵӲľ׮רƵģԳٽ򲻶ֻдﵽĲ㣬ͻİٽȫͻ֮£ǿдӲľ׮
Ҷ꣬ڽͻơ
ڿԽԺԺҲζڱ´ԺĵλһǧӵԺжӵԺ
ܺãԺֶһԺѧӣҪѧϰ޿
ԶԶĿһĻĵĸͣҶ˹ȥʵʲô
Ҷʯܽͷ
Ҷ鼤֣Ŀ֮£ԺǧѧӴľ׮Ĵ֮гҶ֪ΪԺѧ֮󣬲ٴľ׮ȭţǿԿʼѧ
ԺĶٶѧУһյģͭ׮÷׮ȷȭȵȲͬĸߵѧ
ߴҶУһߣۿԺѧ似
ѡѧһŸ似ǹ䡢ȵ𣬴඼Ƚǿ似ѧһ似
Ц
ҶĿĿԺʦ֡ʦãתͷʣܽͷԺʦֵУսǿ˭ѧʲô
ԺǸ֣ǿһλϺʦ֣㣬ǡԾ
ҲѧԾ
Ҷһ£˵
뷨ܼ򵥣ȻԺϺʦʵǿѧǡԾôԼҲѧ⵶


2 Ǯ
ҪѧԾ
ԣɫ΢΢һ͡
ΪܽͷȻʮԺǰҲвѧͼԾǺ׷׷ˣĿǰֻһϺڼȰҶһѧǿҶһ˷ܣһ£Ȱ˵СӳͷҲá
Ծڸ߼ֻСʮٷʽʽǼˡԺϺɡ
߳УһڶӴ󺰣Ϻһ£
ʯܽͷʲô£
ѧյĮ˹
ҶʦܣոմﵽĲ㣬Ժ
ͷָһҶЦŽܵ
Ϊʲôһ˸˷ҵʱ䣡Ժʦʦжٶˣô˴
ϺüͷԵúǲ졣
ԺֻһѧǡԾΪָֻͨϷӰȣҲָ˽ˣ㿴Űɡ
ߵɡ˵꣬㸺뿪ҲϺǷ⡣
ϺҸܽͷĿɨҶһۡ
ʦֶָ㣡
Ҷæ֣̬ȳϿҡ
ճѾ˵ɡ
Ϻ̧ͷһ統յ뿪У

´Ժѧޡ
ϰ䣬似ϰģʶ֡
ģʶϰĵΨһĿֻΪܹѧ伮պΪѧʶԨĳһ㲻˻̫ʱ;档ԺѧӿȥѧҲȥѧΣаŶʱ䣬Ƚ⡣
´ԺѧǷ׷״Уɢȥ
Ҷ뿪У
û̫ʱȥϰģȥɻǮ
Ҷ緹ҴԺĺ۴ԺܹܵʯϴֵȺţ׼ܹȡְܹۡܵβ󣬵ܱ´Ժк۷䣬ҶԺƶѧ˵ԺλȨص
ûã۴Ժ½ʮ׼ȡۻƶꡣ
Ҷʦ֣ȡ۰
ϲҶʦͻڣպʦֶָЯ
ЩԺѧӣҶĴкȻҶĺ档ԺѧԺѧǰʦʦ㡣
λʦ޿Ҳܽڣ
ҶЦŻӦͷ
ȡۻǮģܶ඼ڵƽӵܣҲȽϤһЩҶǳģû˼̸
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ſˡ
ܹܳ緹űŶӣһӣǰ̨ϡ
ܹܣ
Ҷæ
Ҷÿڿ죬첻ȱһǰ棡ЩɻҲ˲ӣȢһϱ˰ɣ
ܹܼҶ̨׵ǰ棬Ц
ܹ˵Цˣƽ̫ǮĶ죬Ȣϱ֪ءܹܣЩ񣿡
ҶЦͷ
ܹܵͷַе۲ӣѧڵۻ٣һɣˮģ԰ӣͷأҹѲߣɨͥԺݶҶԺҰݣÿʮʮͭӡ
´Ժкܶӻƶѧɣѧá
ҶԺʮ꣬ȡЩۻȥõĲҩʡΪһճۻͭǮ̫ˡ
ܹܣҽմﵽĲ㣬ѾԺҪǮƣҩĸǮĻܹҰһɣ
Ҷε
ĲˣԺһ»ӣǰԺʦȥɵģѧȥԺѧӣԺʦĵλҲС
ܹ¶֮ɫ˵
лܹܣֻܷԸ
Ҷϲ
ǿҵĿǿҪǮƹҩڴʡ
Ժչһ飬֮࣬ѻľڡ
ЩǴӸһЩС̣ǵļչϾɲ飬ҪࡣǲоϾöĶ
һݲ·ޱȣΪԺ²һЩϷһµʱ䣬ȥЩÿճΪһ
ƣȥ£þԿס
ܹóһƸҶ
лܹܣһڰ񡣡
Ҷ˷ܽӹƣϲĲ㻶
ӹĵʽ󣬺ʱһۻ
ɣһһӣôõĻҶʦָˣ֪һЩŶӾͺˣ˰ɣԺӣʸȥнǶԺӣûʸȥӣ
ںŶӵȺŴܹȡۻԺѧǣһɴ۾㼵Ҫг
Ժһۻÿֻʮöͭӣ಻һöһһ൱һǧͭӵۻδй
һܽһ£ȡʮ
Ժڵƶѧ˵ֱһݴ񰡡
ȻˣҶ´ԺԺڴʮ꣬ʮۻŸܹĽ顣ҪȻܹҲܰҪĻҶȥɡ

£ӷǰеĲ顣
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Ҷ飬᲻ͭǮ
£һ⡣дδƾɲ飬һ˽ȥԿ׷ƹµС
ܹôһѧˣȻܹȥɻɡ
֪пè壬һʦɻ͹һѧӸɻļǮǲһģɴܹܶǽ˿˿ԷʣҲӲܹܵĲ·


3 Ż
ǾԿףϸ
ͳһԿ׵ݸҶ
ǣ
ҶӹǰѻƳγԿס
¥¥ͨ鼮Ժѧӿġ¥ѧ鼮ѧƷҪѲͬĽſܽġоѧ伮ֻмٶӲ鿴
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Ҷĵһ㣬ϵͭ֨ƿţ鲼֩Ȼ˵غ˻
Ҷڵǽϵ͵ơ
ſѾ鼮ᣬҵĶѷڵϣɸߡڻһſյľܣõ鼮ԷԱľϡ
ô飡
Ҷȣѱߣʼ顣ƽտ鲢࣬󲿷ʱʹǮϾԺʮֻ꣬ʶġ
һƾɻƤ鼮ȥҳ
йμǡ
Ҷüͷַģһ֮£Ц
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Ҷ۽ͬʱҡͷ
Щ鼮ĲʣҲҶ̾
ֽǧصĹżиӹϵĹƬסĺģ»ɬҶͷѣԣ
Щ¶һЩܹϵļ壬ΪǣѲŽɲó⣬ҳһЩԲȱ鼮ûʲôãҲ޷Ҫҳ
Ҷڣһһϸ鼮
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Ҷÿÿһɱʮա
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ףʲô
Ҷ䣬ȥϵĻҳ
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ȻһŻԼһ߿߳
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ΪɸĪ˾סɵ
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´ԺԺ˵һλɽߣһɴɵĵӣĵʦȻǰˣ˭ҲûλԺ
ôסһľݣ
ҩôͺͺһƬҲֵɲҩȥҲð̣Ҳһͷޡסϵˣ湻ģ
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ҶеЦ
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֣һôЩһ͵ⱱ´Ժ
ʵҶ֪黭һңͨǷһġ
ЩǼҪ飬ػһˡ
ҶŹŻᷴ˺һ
ԽԽϲ
ȻĶȽ⣬ôҲһ˾סɵĻ
ڱ´Ժʮ꣬ԸҲͻ㣬˳ӱ´ԺҵгһգܹھŲ㣬Ϊ񵶿ͣһðˡ
˴˵˵һңԶĹ¡
ݹŻᣬС
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Żˣδϧ
ǣҪ뾭µĵͷҪһǮơһҩϵȻˡ
Ҷԥˡ

ʱ֣ҶɽĻ뿪⣬š
£յİ鼮鼮ڸϡʮȫõķ顢оҪ
Ҷ£
š
¶ҶͦģʮҶڲߣɻҲ㾡ľû͵
£ȥ⼸鶼ǻڷһУһöͭǮһ
Ҷ黹һݹŻó
ЩƾȫǸŹŻڻĵݹŻ뿪̫ͻأᱻ¿п¾鷳ˡ

Ҫҡͷ˵УҶǮϰѲָȥ
һ̫ͭ٣ɶǺ鰡һһӣ⻭͵İɡ
¿һۼ飬Ƥ
ǷݹŻǴֲѿĻʯǾʯֵʮͭǮҲûȤ෭⼸Ȼڶ鼮Ҫӿ˽ˣԺĿ
ô󰡣
Ҷһ֪ͲҪ飬ֱҪŻˡֻڣֻҪ¸ˡ
һҧ˾ʮѾʮѾԶԼԤ롣ʮûԼϲĶ㻨ӣȥ


4 ҩ
ҶƾһݹŻᣬ뿪ԼסȥǰЩʱļݲҩѾˣһЩµĲҩȥϣ·Ժڿһҩ̣Լûҩˡ
ϰ壬ʵĲҩû
Ҷһﻹʣµİӣҩڡ
糿սһɽϲժʲҩ֭ˮࡣڻϣԼɣ
ҩ̵ϰڹ̨Ŀ
Ҷǰ
С̵ĻϣڷŲٵĲҩƱǩע۸Ʒ׺;òҩ˲ҩȽһƷƷ֮䣬ʺʹá
һƷʮͭƷϰͭӡƷҩȻҪһһꡣƷҩ󣡡
Ҷš
ɲ󰡣ûƷƷĲҩʮϰӣƷ׵ĲҩЩңۺĴ̻ؽչȥСûġƷϵϡҩýӶ򵽣ϡҩҪϹ󳼣ϼСѡû
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Ŷٿ
Ҷ࣬ǸļƷҩźá
ǰûǮԺʮ꣬һֱ˵һƷƷҩʣûùƷҩѾڣۻһʣвӣԹƷҩʡ
ϰ壬ֻаӣƷҩɣ
Ҷһ촽
ϣʮݿΣԪ̱ǿѪͨڷǶʮݳѪ٣ѪʮߵⰾҩԡƤˡЩƷҩһҩҩ΢ǳЩұ˵㣬Ӱɡ
ҩϰ壬˫ĽҩЦҩãЧѡ
лˣ
Ҷ˰ӣϲҩҩ̡žŻõĲҩԺһƫƧѧӾסСԺеһľڡ
ҶǷɸŻ򿪣һķϡʮͷһλӹݳ޹Żе롣
ҩҲϣеһҩ
ô
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ףôһΣ
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ҵĿأôһĹ˭ҵҩ͵ˣ
Ҷ󼱣һǰϵĲҩ
漴һΪ𾪵顣
ֻŻһĶͺͺҩ֮Уһʮҩ糤ĿΡε֦ҶʴΣϲˣ֧Ρ
ҵĿΣôŻˣοǻһģôó
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ҶŻᣬ۾ϸٿ
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Ҷһ¿εĴ糤һ¿ˮ
ʶһҪ顣
βʲô
𾪵ƷݹŻᡣһĶҩԣȻܹһ糤ĿΣɳΪ糤ĿΡ
Ż᾿ʲôдšɸ֣ѵһ֮õķ
ҶԼе𾪡
һ˷ȥ»䶯Ľͣ͡ھŲĸ֣ӵ´ԺһͻŲ㣬ܽԪڳΪһߡ˭ӵһõķ
һΣЧ
Ҷһ£ŽһѪ٣ڹŻϡ

һʮѪ٣ƾʧ
ŻڣһĶҩ֮УһѪɫΨΨΣϼһ
Ҷɴ۾ס
ѪٿʼҶۿɼٶȣڿԽĴ׳
һѪٴӹŻ֮Сͨ˳
Ȼã
ҶϲԼҩȫԡ
˶֮ʹŻšÿΰѲҩŽȥҩɳһĳ̶֮󣬱Զ
Żᣬ֮ǰࡣԭʻмֹʵɫ󣬿ʼûް޹󡣡
Ҷ˺֮ܶ󣬷˹Żֱ仯
һꡮʮߵҩ֮ҩҲôߵ˲һҩˡ
ŻôĲˣ
Ҷһ֮󣬱סá
ĪǣŻĸһ
ƽũӵ֪ܳسʳ䱡ԽԽҪһصݸָܻ
⣬⻭еҩԶˣҪݸһʱ䡣
ùŻϢָһ


5 
ܹŻҩʱ޷ֲҩҶʮ־ϲ
ҩҶǸߴƷĲҩ
Ҫ֪ƷϵĲҩڱ´ԺĲҩ̶ûͱҡ̻ؽչˣ䲻ҶƽСС
ƷײҩĴм洦
ҶһҩһƷѪ٣ڹ尾ʱ֮󰾳һɫҩ
Ѫ٣ƷˣѪ
ҶŴ̱ǵζһȥһŨҩҩĸڡ
漴ϥʼ˻ҩ
ԴΪԺѧǣÿնҪȭͷľ׮ľ׮ײľ׮Դǿ
ÿմľ׮ϸ΢ľѣҲ׳ƵˡѪڣϸСѪ顣
ǿԽߣ˳̶Խߡ
һջûʲô󰭣ʱһϸ΢죬ѪϵĶѪϼ⡢ϵĴˣС˳ɴˣῪʼӰ쵽ʡ
ûмʱķˡѪĲҩǿȵʼ˥䡣
֮δܵõʱѷһ߳Ϊзϣڲʹȹ
е߶ʮ
ǲƽ̲סǿջ󣬼ɣһʼ;һͻһʵȱҩ̲֮Ѹ˥䣬ٲͣڡڡ
ҶǰÿմʱѾļޡ
ΪˣԺƴ۸ɻǮƲҩֻһƷƷҩĵͽײҩĲԡһȣܡ
ƷƲҩȻҩǿ󣡡
Ҷ˻Ѫҩҩ
оص΢ˣѵϸ΢ƷѪٵǿ֮»ָѪʹĵطѸٵõͨƤⲻʹĤĥ֮󣬹˺۴Ҳ΢΢顣
ǰڻѹ²ٵһֱβŸƷƲҩܹȫˡ
Ҷʮϲ
ʵĲ㣬һʹöӦȽ׵Ʒҩ㹻塢ˣûҪ̫Ʒ׵ĲҩҶʹƷѪٸԼˣЩ˷ѡ
ǲɷϣҩЧǳĺá
˷һ˷һɣЩγĲԺ˳ࡣԺҪʱ䣬ʵĶǿȣ
ҶһʱһԾ𣬴˼ȭ䣬泩ޱȣѪû˿͡
ǷÿˣԪ̱ǿѪ
ߵƤˡ
Ҷ尾һʮҩĿһںȹ⡣
ߵҩҺҩԡ֮С
Ȼ˴ֲ¿㣬̵ͨҩ裬ߵҩҺ
̵ҩҺҶʹҽʹᶼˡ
ܿ죬ҶоһȵĿҩȫʱеÿһƺõ
һ㣬Ƥ⡢Ĥ衣
ĵ㣬ȫụ̈ڵѪսŨҡѪԽŨңѪǼʡߵҲ֮Խǿ
ҶĲ㣬ȫѪŨҵʱ
ʮεҩ̶ܹȵļѪŨҡ
ҶȫտҩڹתΪѪ
ͬʱһߵҩƤļڣ޸Ƥˡ
⸱ҩĴ䣬ǴܲĲҩ䷽ۺҩʣչضΪ١
Ҷųҩľ޴Ӱ죬뵽˲ҩϰ⸱ҩЧ˵ϰ嵱ʱ˵ģֻһƷҩɲõƷҩ
ǰһֱһƷƷĵƷҩãҩЧʮ΢˺ܲ⣬չҲʮֱֻƷҩֹǿʮҩЧͼӰ
Ҷ
һƷҩǮӡԱȵһƽʮöȣǹװҩЧҲõĳ档⸱ҩʣöñĲԲϣܳ㡣
ҶҩڴſεҩоԼԴԴʢѪӯźǡ
ʮ꣬ԺӲҪ󣬱ڶʮ֮ǰ㡣ֱӾ̸ǴԺ

ҶһʱκߵҩŴҩȥʪҩҺоˬǻһƵģһɾĴֲڴ˯
ҹһ˿¹˽Ҷڼªľ崲˯š
ʣҩС¡ЩôԴڹŻᣬǧܰ⻭ᶪˣҪŻײУһŻᱻ͵ˣǿ޶ûطȥޡ
Ҷк˼š
´ԺҲС͵С֮ԺҲᰲרŵԺѲߣԷʧˡ
ķڿյһӡһŴһĿȻ֪ò
Ҷ˼˰죬·ңһۻõӣŻţ¡
˯Ҳţ˭͵ߣ
Ҷ¶ɬЦ⣬˯ȥһ绹ҪȥԾΪʹȻҪûһֶ似Ҳһçѣսǿ


6 Ծ
ɫո¶һ⡣Ҷ˷ܣûô˯һ𴲣Ժʳû˼ͭӳԹ⣬ȻտУ׼似
ʱ仹磬УѾʮԺѧӣУѧ
´ԺԺѧӣʵĲ֮䣬ǱȽǿˡʵǿÿܹܵʱõӣʱӵĸʱ
ʦ֣磡
ҶԶԶʦϺ첽ȥʩ
Ϻû΢ȫעһյһյһһʽķ
ϺĵտâʣȻǰԾնһ֮ʩչеһǳɣ滮̶ҫĿ
Ҷһվһе
ʮ˵ϺָҶʵҲϺʱҶһԿѧ
Ϻ°Į˼㣬ֻһĵʲôҪʱȥָһʦܣǸܡ
ԺһЩʦʦǣ½½ҲУֻĿҶ
ϺʦһĮɫѧⲻҿ𣡡²һ£λҶʦܱҪȥܽͷѧ似ˡԾ̫ҲֻϺŻһֱȥ˭ȥ
ҶҲ˵ĬĬϺʽ£ȻУϣȡһʮֵͨһƬɿյء
ֵأҶĲ˫ѾӵİֵһСƬһɡ
ԾһСε
ȣ
Ҷ䳡վȽŸյʣֽյ΢΢ǰ㣬εƣѸٳǰγ
ৣ
һ溮âǰӹ
Ҷյ
׵ļ򵥣һֻУεԾնԾնԾննն
УεԾնʽǳ似
ննʽм似´ԺԺʵǿĴʦϺС
ڻննǸ߼似߱ʣﵽ߲ϣʩչĳ߼似ڱ´Ժûѧܹʩչ
ǰʽǺʽĻֻǰʽʽ
һСεʵǡԾʽҲСٶһСصǰεٶȣһ˲֮ڣʣͻϮǰĵˡ
ε죡εγѾ˲֪ٴΡûκξϣֻܳ·
ҶļǵãԺܽͷָѧʱ˵һ仰
Ҷμ仰
̶һʱεһʽǧΡ
Ҷϼ뼸ĥѪݣоԼֱ۶ȫľ֪
ʮصĸֵñһٽصء
աԾҪ󣬰εһʽҪܡһ˲жһӲľ׮һС
ǳѡ
ΪεʽҶİٽֻܷӳһңﵽٶȣſõնһӲľ׮Ҫ֪УӲľ׮ƵģԺѧȭŵģܳٽնϡ
ҶεһѾʮˣ˲Σʽ൱Ĵ졣
վƷҩĴ壬ѪʢǿҩҲڳķáҽʱһΣ
Ҷа
磬һֱ̫յ硣
ҶԼǿ־һʱ䤱ֱУϵѧǽϡ뿪Ŵ֮оѹ
Уڣֻʣ²ʮʵǿԺѧӣڼ
ʵҲ˲ֻ̫ǿȵϰܵˡܹʱģֻмˡ

ҶԭϢһӣŻָԼ
һԣԼʮεһУΣ
ҶУһӲľ׮ǰ
ε
ҶȵվһӲľ׮ǰһ
΢΢ǰ㣬ְ䵶
ִڵϵһ˲һֱܵķӦָ΢΢𶯣˲εʣǰһ泯ǰӹ
âһ滮Ӳľ׮
Ӳľ׮һ
ѵʧˣûնӲľ׮
Ҷյһ¡
ڣ
ͻȻӲľ׮ϰأͨһĵڵϡ
ԾĵһСεˣ
Ҷŵɫ¶Ц⣬Ϊܡ
һʮʱ䣬ԾĵһаεɡԿʼһСԾնֻҪʮ죬ұܽԾг׵ɣ
ԾڶУԾնһ˲һӰնһĿϡһУնһӲľ׮Ӳʯ׮ɡնǾԵһǰϰ
ҶĬŵҪ
ոֵǰһն


ҶתͷһУУڣʦϺ
Ϻİεٶȼ죬ǰ˲նӰһǰһصһ
ϺżʩչԾն
ȻˣϺѾ㣬ԾѾһ࣬ⲻҶĲ߿ɱȡ
Ծնһ˲ڣӰնһĿϡѶȣɱȻԾն̫ˣ
ʦǿѾԾн׵СˣһԶþ׷ϲУ
Ҷ֪еѶȡ
Ҷҧأ
Ծʽ̫٣ȫҲֻУҺںڲԵÿ
ѧһһʽȥ
ѧʽͬʱȫǻõЭӳѧʽ򣬾ǶѧδߵĳʱҲ޷ӳ
´Ժÿһʵͱҵˣ
ʵҪﵽ㣬һѧн似ҪȻʸһҵˣֻҪܴͨӱ´Ժҵˣ
һԾĳ׵нУննȡʽɣȥμԺļͿˣȡһӱ´Ժҵ
Ҷոֵĵźεϣ¶֮ɫ
Ƿǰͷ
ȥʮУÿۻǮ϶飬һҲûиǮ̫٣һֱһƷƷҩʣάָǿȵʮ꣬Ĳ㡣
ƷҩܹĴʣÿܻĸʱʱ䣬άָǿȵѧҧػọ̈̄н׵ǿɼ飡


7 
һʱ˫ʹˣ붯绹ȥ飬ԷҶ뿪УصԼСݣڴš
ЪϢСƬָ̣һЩһȥԺʳó緹
Ҷ·ţԼлƷҩ䷽ǿȻܸߣƷҩҩЧãһӦ㹻壬ʮ¡
ЩڡɸŻѾû޷ҩƷһʱҲ֪ôûҩԻָ
Ҳζţʮ֮ҩˡ
񻹿ʮ죬ʮӣزٵƷҩƷҩҩЧ˺ܱܶ࣬ûкãʡŵ㹻һ¡µʱ䣬ϣܳɣ
ҶҴҳ극ĵһ⣬ûͭԿ״򿪾ţʣµ֮ľ
ʱ֮
Ҷžڣһ೤΢׹İɫƬ
ʯȻһյ͵ƣڹɱȽڰ⣬ɫƬ΢׹⣬¸
ʲôƬñ䣡
ҶиоʮֵĹŷģ֣ƺĳЩ伮мصĹŴȼõļ׹֮Ķ󶮡
ݹޱߣȸǶ಻ʤֿ֮϶в죬ҪǺѵ飬ǹŴĸˡרоڹѧʶԨĳſͨ֡
Ǳ´ԺѧΪѧӶоȤȥѾȥо֡
Ƭֻʮ֣ȱ̫ˣһƪ¶ղ룬һôҲûУزȱ鼮϶Ҫ
Ҷ
ͻȻҶоԼĹŻᣬѸٵķ̣
Ҷ죬æͷ£°ĹŻᡣ
һȡŻȥ
ô£֣
ҶԼ龪һ
Ż°ãٶʰǿɫƬֱжߵļֵ
ĹŻᣬֿʼȡ
Ҷɰա
ϵĹŻڵϡ
ҶŹŻеİɫƬЩŹ֡
ӵõŻʮûͻȻŻֻн죬ƬԣƬ⣡
ɫƬŻʲô
Ҷ۾˼
СĵĽöƬڹŻ棬뿴ʲô
Żâ΢öƬ漴ӹŻϷʧŻȥˡ
ɸŻᣬֻܰѲҩֽҩܰҲȥ
Ҷһһ
ţϸŹŻڵĶ
ŻĻ˷Ӧ
УյšƵС¥ʼƮ̡
ͬʱŻ΢ĹââǿҲָɫ
һ򣬹Żֹͣð̣һСѹǷۡ
ҶָһСǷһǸղöƬĩֻȫû˰׹⡣
ʱĹŻѾɫԱԭҲӺÿࡣ
öƬԭ΢İ׹⣬İ׹ȫˡڹŻɫ󣬱ҸոյõŻʱɫҪǿϺܶࡣǲζŹŻָһЩҿԼҩֲҩˣ
Ҷϲ²⡣
ɸŻᣬȻıɸһСݡһĶҩԡ¶дô
Ҷ̫϶ƲˡֻҩԡôĻЧ
ҩֲҩӦܵõĲҩ
ҶѹԼеϲá
֮ǰʮºȱƷҩôָܻɸҩԵǿƬİ׹⣬ѾʼָһЩֳĲҩ㹻һˡ
֪Щ֮Уûĺö
Ҷһ룬м
ѷһ׳죬ǧ鼮ʧǣҲûھҵùŻᷢȵĹƬʯ֮ĺö
ЩͨĹƬڹŻϣŻҲ޷Ӧȥ
ĪֻǿɫƬǱ
ʱ֣Ҷٲ伮뿪⣬лɻź
´Ժոһա
Ҷÿ䳡ԾڶСԾն
һĸʱԼĹͷɢˡ
ǿȣԺѧ֮ҲΪҺųѧӵĲĿ䳰
ŰɣһƴʱڽչȻ졣ûϺõĲҩ壬һأСӵľͷˣһҲͣġ㣬ԽԽ޷ڣ
һƶСӣƷҩ𣿡ˣԺĲҩ̸ûƷϲҩͱҺչˣǶҵӣֱӴӼòõƷϲҩ塣һƶŪƷĲҩ
´ɽɽвҰƷϲҩɽгȺĻҲǡܡҰޣ׺ޱȣʵкߡ֪Ҳȥֻȥأ
ҶЩ䳰ȥ粵ĬԶԡ
бһƣ¾Ǳ´Ժʵͱҵˣ˵ôûãһʵ˵ȵºԺ˵ʱ򣬿˭˭Ц
⣬ÿ죬ڷһƷҩʣˣͨΪǿɵѪѪ
Ծն
ҶͺȣŲһ˲һƿ˺ѵĵӰն
Ծնġг׵Ƚϼ򵥣û̫ļɣֻʱ⡣似չǳ졣


8 ֻϦ
ҶԼһĿ꣬ȫ׷Ժʵǿʦʦ㣬μӰı´Ժʵͱҵˣȡһͨҵˡ
ʮʱһιȥ
Ҷۻõµ
۴ԺƹԺڵܹܻرɻƣȡЩɻõĶʮ
ҶѪʢƺС˲Ҫɡȴ򣬲ǳ֮
ܹĿҶɫһǰѾ֮ͬ࣬һЩǡ
лܹܹģ
Ҷһů
ܹܿ˵ʮָм
Դ´ԺԺڴӸɻʮ꣬ڱ´ԺڽӴĸ߲㣬λܹܡܹܵĹգӣǮȥҩ
һΣܹܸ׼ȥɡ
ŻԵɺϣõһɸŻᣬõı
ҽɸŻᣬõ˼Ʒҩ
̶һٶȼ죬ѾĲһ룬һ±ܽ㡣ΪԭҪ϶òпͻ㣬ʮ֮ǰ޷㡣
ǰһֱ˵һƷҩչдܹܵĸһʮӣǮȥõƷҩʣ˽ϴĽչ
Ҷ
ǸɸŻй¶֡õıһ֪϶ɱ֮
ŶƷҩЧãÿһߵʲͬԲҩӦЧͬչҲ졣ͬһҩеЧغãеȴûӦҲǳ顣
õƷҩرʺϣЧݲҩ䷽Լȥõ㡣⣬ܹܻ⣬ʲôǮĻȥЩʮͭСͲҪ˷ʱˣץʱȥ
ܹĿһ˼翪
ҶһֱչͻҲһ飬Ժ˱ҵ֮󣬻࣬߳͢Ϊ񵶿ͣյһݹ͡
żǮۣλܹ˵ʵҲǾ֮Ͷѡüõ۰ţһλɾ͵ߵģֵõġ
šǰʮ껺˷̫ʱ䣬Ժʦ֡ʦһءڱȫԸֻϦһҲи׷Ժλʦ֡ʦʵ
Ҷᶨ˵
ãøֻϦϷֻϦͷҲֻܹܡȥɣǮĺûٽ㡣
ܹЦ
лܹܣ
Ҷǣ뿪۴Ժ
дԺĲҩ̣߸ʮƷҩ
ҶصԼԺСڣڲ˨ԷͻȻ
ЩҩηŻҩڣϲõĿŻҩԣƷҩƷƷʡŻЩƷҩƷƷȻʧȥ
ʮҩְҩԵĹˣ
ҶԴ˲ûие⣬΢΢̾
õʮƷҩѾе㡣ЩƷҩڲҩ̸ûҩгۣǮҲ൱ľˣҶƶѧ˵ȫ޷еġ
ʵϣЩȽϸƽӵܣҲò̫õĲҩƷҩֻҺӵܣܹӼõƷĲҩ
߸ҩ㹻϶ˡ
Ҷ˼ȫ񶼳֮С
ʱ䣬һȫѪ;עϵѧ˵
Ҷһʱ䣬һͻ㡣
ͬʱѾˡԾǰг׵εԾնн׵ԾնԾն
Ծնһ˲һӰնһĿϡߣٽ
Ծնһ˲ӰնһĿϡһǧٽ
Ծնһ˲ӰնһĿϡһǧ˰ٽ
ҶרһԺܽͷס
еĹؼǡһ˲䡱һ˲նһնߵѶǽȻͬѶٷȻˣɱҲǱǷ
һлԾնɱһͷ׺Ļǡ
Ҷһ£ȫһУǿԾնʩչ
㣬ٶȻ
ҶѾùеƷҩûвҩȥάָǿȵ
ܹȻӦǮ񣬻ȥ˭֪ʲôʱŻǮۣҪȼ²ǮȥƷҩҲǸɵȣ±ԺҵˣҵȲ𰡣
ҶΡ
ռǧĶı´ԺѰҿùŻָıѱ˱´Ժÿһ䣬ǣôҡչѰһ
Ժںõıͱ˸ȥˣֲȥŪûбָɸһɸᣬҲʹ
Ҷ
ڣеĹŻᣬһҲӣһϰ¾ƾɵķûʲô
ҶֹŻϣ߶ڵ·ϣ᲻˶Ȥ»á
ܰеϣɸŻϡԼȥðУ㵥ԼҲҪԺţ洦Ѿ㣬ѧһǿн׵Ѿϱ´ɽȥѰһЩҩãã˵ܲժƷϲҩɽϴ£һҲҩ壬һμԺļͿˣ
ҶĿ⣬˱´ɽ


9 
ܽͷȥ´ɽ
һգҶʱһͷǰʩ
Ҫɽ
ԺܽͷüϡǵãƺǰŴԺԺʵӦ൱ôͽɽδ̫ðˡ
ǣѾˡԾнʽԾնԱȱҩ壬ͣͲǰɽȥҩ
Ҷ
ôн似ѧˣ
üͷĸ
ǻҶں˵
̶¾һн׵ζҶڽмǿȵζţҶʱϺõĲҩ壬оˣҶʺܻܿϵ
ΪԺܽͷ᲻֪ء
ĸ䡣ҺӵܣмṩϺòҩ֧ţһ㲻⡣ΪһƽӵܣûǮƹõĲҩǾֻðɽҩˡ
Ҷǰ;ֹۣвƶӵܣ죬ǺںȻˡ
ȻʩչԾնӦа˰ٵһǧԻɱһͷ޻ˡڱ´ɽΧѰҲҩɽɽڻǳȺһ˶Ըˡ
׶Ҷû̫עȤ´ԺԺжٶӣһֶǲסĬĬĵϻʲô˼
лܽͷ
ҶõܽͷӦ֮󣬻ȥһӱԺһڱ˵ո¸ֵ뿪´Ժɽ뱱´ɽ
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ܶҩ˻᲻ϧ뱱´ɽҩһɵϡҩ̻ᣬһʽ㹻Դ
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̶ܴҲΪ˷Ժѧɽҩ
ȻֻԺѧĲϲŸðɽҩܲժԺѧһ֮䣬ͨȭţʵ̫ɽҲֻȥױĻιʳǲɽġ
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Ҷ
ڱ´ɽΧɼƷҵĲҩڴֻҪСһЩΣղ󡣡
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ÿշ紵ɹҶԭ۵ϣҲһЩ֮ɫ
ɫ
ҶҰ⣬ɽ롢ͱڡվ֮أѰҩһĵطͱҩ˷飬ֻն֮أŻвҩ¡
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ڲݣֻĴ糤ԼƷĲҩ߷ѪŨҶȣ
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ͱϣһɫСݣ¶Уӭҡҷ
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ҶСװҩ¨ұһţһϷɸߵ¡
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һɾʯ£ϥڲݵĸˮϴɾУϸľ׽ţÿһκɫ֭Һ
ڲǼΪѪҩ
Ҷ֮󣬺ܿоһɻȵȫǡƬ֮ȫǵÿһڲϵĲµѪ
ڣҪıѪŨҶȡʵԽǿߣѪŨҶԽߡ
ߵ㣬ѪӯȫоѪŨҶ˼㡣̶ȣѾ޷ǿȥ
ҶʱҩǿҸоȫÿһڵѪŨҵһ͵ƿ
ŨҵѪƺҪȼա
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ѣҶҲûԹˡʮһмвǿҵԼ˫׷ѧӵʵ
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Ժܽͷ׿һĻѸղŻû˵Ļ˻ȥҶȷٽ㣡Ϊ꣡


12 Ѫǽ
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13 ɽ
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ô˵ߣԸСȺҲǵʤ϶ܶࡣֻڣαҵܲܳΪǰõԺƷһõѪǽӷѶȡ


14 Ѫݺɱ
Ҷκ桢һ߽ͬУ뿪˱´Ժǰ´ɽ֮ѰһҲǵټ
ϰ·̣˵Ҳһѡ
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ЩǣβҶ棬ֳֳʱԴӺѸ֧ԮκҶ
ʵͨ´ԺʵߣʵҶм֮˶䣬Ҳһ֧СӣԸСɵĻҲȺһ
ʲôֲ͢һ˵˵ҲδؾһӴݹԼֻһСѡȥҲҲһѰǰ;
κ֣⡣
κʦ˵Ĳɽǰ·ع˼ôࡣ
ҶЩЦ͸жλʦֺԼżʵ֮뾡ӱ´ԺҵΪԺҲԲɸıԼͣͲǰ
޷˳ҵ͵ﵢ̫꣬˷ʱˡ
ҶԺҵ֮ΧȶһȥΪ͢ЧΪԱҲûȥͶ죬˼Ԫĺż
Ҷû뷨˵
һ˵ţ֮󣬲Ž뱱´ɽΪѰһҲǵ㼣нٶȲ죬ͣͣɽˮն֮ء
ףмҲǵķ㡭һɻҲǰƬԣµ㼣ꡣǺܻܿһ
κѰҵķǳϸֵҶлҲķ㣬ѾһᣬѾʼ
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κ֪ŹˣǰߡƻȻǿǵж׶ԸһЩϧԺıҵĿ꣬ɱƻ
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ҶѾȥֽɸߵʯĿһѿʯ죬ǷЫϳ棬Ȼ̽룬γһһ״ĵɫҩԼһ
ѪݣҩϿھŲʿǿѪϡҩûаƽ붼򵽡ھŲ㣬һĲҩûãֻϡҩܼ塣
κһҶпȥһ¿ˮ
һѪݵݻֻƷҩԶӡһ꣬ܳΪƷϡҩǲżֵƽ𡣡
ҶժѪҩ֮󣬿һ£ʯϷһϧ齫ҩ뻳Сûб¶пϲڱ´ɽôãϡĲҩҲǼΪܰƷȥкô
ѾõĲˣһӿһıˡ
ôûء
κҡͷ̾
κֻĽƬʯΧϸһ£ûҵѪݡ
ֶ۹ͻԵĽ
κǰ棬δ֡
ƫƫҶۼ⣬Ϳ˲ҷеϡҩ
٣ɽִ£ѰҲҩϰˣһ֪вҩûСҪλʦɽϰ꣬±Ҹҵҩ
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ⱱ´ɽм˸ôã
κҡͷ

´ɽﴦһСɽ롣
Ϧ£Ԫ´ԺѧӣվһɽߴԶֵĶ
ǼѧҲǴӣֻǲϼԺգհΪԵʣԪߵıȽϽ
Ҷôûг֣
Ԫְ䵶겻
ʦ֣żǱ´ɽһҪ֮أɽǻҲǾ֮һ뾡ɱҲǵĻкܴܻҪȥԶĵطˣصʱһܽס
һ˵ţЩǣʦִôԸѵҪɱһй¶ȥɱͬʦֵܵԺŭ²Ǽˡ
ߣԺÿҵˣΪɱҲǣܻΪôӣʱ˵һڻҲǵĿУ˭˵ԪģɾƲɾǡԪԺ裬ȴôȥҵСϴϵ۵㣡
Ԫɫ޺޵ĿŨҵɱ


15 Ļ
̫ɽʱ
ʦ֣ˣһҶɫЩˡˣ㹻Ըǣ
һtˣ
ĺãߣȥסǣ
ԪڵЪϢԴϲȻվкˣСɽ·ɱȥ

ǰˣԺԶ飡
κǰԵľͻȻһеŶУֹסΡ
ҶĿһݣǰ
ԪߵӰǰѾվҶ˵ǰʮɴ
ʦ֣κݡµģô죿ҪҪһɵ
һ˵һĨӵơ
죡㵱ɱôףɱɣ˸鷳
Ԫһۣ񿴰׳һһۣȵ
˶ʱڨڨ첻ٶ˵
ԪĿɨκݣмĴԭκ桢λʦ֣ƽߴһˡȰʶȤĹԶ㣡ҶеҪ죬ǵ£õʲô鶼ûпжԶԶºҸһʽӵڷѡй¶䣬ϼһӺڣ
ޣԪ˭ϡĽӣһƷ󽫾ʲô˲ҼӱƷ٣ʮ꣬һܳһƷ󽫾õʩᣡ
κֱʣһָԪıӣƿڴ˻ȥ
߽ʮһ붼Ҫҵɫ£ҵĻ٣͹κĸУҪ㣬һֻϻסⰫСӣ뵱Ʒ佫Ĵȥɣ
Ԫ˫ֱĿЦ
κ棬ˣΪͨҵˣ´ԺһƼţܼӹٽ
˱߽ӣһо˵㣡ǳ͢˵Ҳʹңھд粽СȻˣȥСǵŵС٣һһСطǾˡ
ԪԱߵҲЦ֮ԸԪΪֺպԪھǨپӸλٻ
ҡ㲻ھе죬ҲܳΪ̿͡
κ죬е˵ĵѾԲ㡣Ϊ̿ͣھŲ㣬似Ҳߵˮ׼ѶȿɱȵһƷĽѡ
Ѿ¶η֮ɫκҡҡͷκ֣ƴǶ鱾֮ĶԹǰϵҲûУǻǲΪá
޵ܣô˵ֻ
κš
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ҶԭȻɿҪҪﶯֺԪһ⻰֪ȥת㳯󷽷ɱٳ£Ҫ
ҲԹκݶ˲ϳ֡
λʦҲ⼸յĽѣǻֵܣκϽ乫Ѿǹ˼ˣѵָǲϧ۰Լ´ԺڸҵԪѧӣϾֻǼ
ܣ׷
Ԫ˷ܴһŵȵ׷ȥ
ߣݵ˾κ桢ݶ˱£Ԫ׷ȥ
Ҷʦֻ׶༪١ϣܻӻر´Ժɣ
κ濴һۣͷɥû߳Ҳû֮ǰĺ˵ĶԣΪһϤҶԼǰ;Ҳȥⲻ㡣
ɽģӰʧ

Ҷһ߿񱼣ʱĻͷһ۽׷ߣüͷ˼ţĿ޵ıɱ⡣
СƬ̣ͷһͱڡ
ǰһ͵ͱڣͱһɿӵĴѷ죬ͨƺҲ֪ͨ
Ҷûʱȥ̫࣬һͷ˽ȥȫѷ塣
ҶӲˣ֮ǰ̽һĵΣһ£ֻһǧҪָԴߣԽԽϸֱ˶ȥ·һձڣ
Ԫų˴ѷ죬лһֵƴں׷һ߿ϲЦ
㵱ҵĴۣѿҾ㶪С
ԪĿЦһ뵽ҶҪɱڱ´ɽĳգޱȵĿУ´Ժ¶ҶƽСӣϾͲԪˡ
ҪԺ´Ժ˭ٲԪӡ
ҶܣͻȻͷһ˿Ŀ⣬һ׷Ԫ
Ѿһϰɡ
Ŷ֮ǰҲ˯һϣȻ֪һû·ߡ
뿪Ժǰһ죬һȥˡŽѧؼġŽʮевƸãԽĵطԽ䣬ܵзãδ㣡һխĵطҿʩչĲҵĵ
Ҷ侲Ĺ֣һ˿һĻš
ʲô
Ԫʱһˮһ˷ܿĿ֮Ȼѹ
԰һµĵԽԽխʩչŽҶǳΪҶġԾܣֱһ·ֱ꣬񲻿ɵ˵ֲͬĵס
ֻ뵽Լ˶ڱʤɣ׷ɱһ㡣
׷ȥ
ԪһϣͣҪ˳ȥ
ҶԪӳȥĻᣬһԾͱһţȻһת
ִĵָһ
ε
һâ


16 ֵȴ
죡
Ҷİε磬
ԪŸոתҪҪ˳ȥҶ룬Ҳ˲ӣæӵмܡ

Ԫֵһδֻһӳȥ
Ҷ˽Ʒһɸߣ±һţ˫ֽոֵһӸ³Ԫնȥ
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Ҷһֻ£ʩչһеĳɹʲߣһ롣͵ĳɹʣƫƫɹˡ
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ĵѣ֮ʩչһеоֵγһ貵Ľ𻨣Ϸ·סͼסҶĻԾնзֻٽһоܹס
ϣ
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Ԫеľֵ˲һǧ˰ٽĿжѡ
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ҶͷϵԪЦ
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ԪؿĵˣŴݲҧҶһ
ĵ˺أͨߵǿȻҲǿһʱ䣬ֻҪر´ԺʱõƣлȻ
뿪ԺʱһµĸǶһµ棬Ҳĺúõġһ֮ǿ϶ҪŻҲǵͷ­ر´Ժɱҵˡ
ҿɲǻΪɱһСƽ񣬶ӱ´Ժҵǰ̡ǵǰ̿ɱҵСֵǮˡŲţһ£˼գĸ϶뿪ȥɱҲǡǲΪһ֮ˣԼǰ;
ҶеЦҲɱ㣬Ѫˣһˡ
ᣡǲģ
ԪסɫҡԼҲҿ϶ĸӵļһΪһ棬ر´ԺĸһҶ뿪
ɱңȥ֮ôԺĸ֤ˣɱңԺὫͨ㣬ϼҲŹ㣡
Ԫһ˿ϣ׺ݵĿⶢҶ
ɱңȥʲôԺ
Ҷߡ
ڻҲϣƲϵԺ׷
ԪϳʧȥѪɫ˫Ѿ飬ؿڵ˲ϵѪûˡףҶЩˡ
ס
ҶһڣʯڣһӱŸֵ˯ɽдˣѾϰߣһκη紵ݶ˯
Ҷʣµֻǵȴ˭ܰĹá
ĸҲһ棬һҹиüô죬˭Ҳϳͷ
ôʦ־ȳ
˭ȥȣҶڵʵѾƽϺʦˡǳȥֻûȳԼ
ϧˣòʦ֣ȻˡӦɱҶ߽֮ܵлƷУξڿ϶ûָˡ
鷳ǣһҵ֪Ǽȣʦ»Ǩŭǡ֪Ͳˡ
˴ͷɥ
꣡
֣һȶ֦̿΢


17 Ⱥ
ҹȥʱ֡
´ɽһƬ㾲żȻһҹӥɽ֮дԶ
˵ŻҲˣһ´ڴΧһ˿Žʴڿҹ
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Ƕ֦ϸʱһ˯һѣ˷׷Ծ𣬱յɲĴΧİĴ֡
ʲôˣ
ģ
һɫĳִȡ
Ƭյأֻžȼյ𣬿ʮɷԲ΢ԶһĴڣ
ڴ֮УһͷڰӰӴӴлȻһͷţСɫƤëĻҲǣʮɿվһۡ
ԭһͷҲǣˣһͷҲǵʵҲѣһ˾ʰ
ͷЦһ
ѿҪҲЦ
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ţͷҲǵĺ洫ϸ΢鲽ڲ١
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֮ǰͷĻҲǣȺͷǡ
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ҲȺ̫ˣԸˣҶֵһͷ˺ҲԸͷٶɡ
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ҪҪһ¶ܣ
ҶͲǽȥһ£ȺлǸܵĸ죡
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ͷһ£ƮʵѪϢɵͳ˻໡ѪϢʮ˷ܡһ˵

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һڣҶʱסͣ½Ų
ֻһ⣬ʮͷҲǱ̹ͫһΧ˹Ҷ֣Ŀ֮·׺֮ɫ
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Ҷҵľȱˣˣ
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һҶ׷ļͷҲǣʱͣסˡ

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ǻ󽫾֮ӣԪôңҶʦܣҶʦ֣ҶүүҴˣһ鱦洫ıֵƽ𣬶ǳкôҸ㣬һ
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Ҷ΢Щŵ֣û
ȻǱҵĹŻᣬѾһʱûСˡҵΪҲͣ㣬ȱƷĲҩԴ
Ҷһ֣оĹŻһɹ̵ȣǳǿңɴϲ


18 ƷѪ
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ҶƷѪݣ糤һСƬƤ⣬ڿҧ飬ϸʣ¸ڡ

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ҶһæϥǿɻҵĹ֮УڵѪ
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ѪݣǿѪҲǳԣ´ֻƬӦòΣա
ʱ֮Ҷ󲿷ֵҩһڵѪ˫۵ǿһ֣¶ϲ֮ɫ
յĴǸˣҩδɢĸʱĵԾնʩչĳɹǰٷ֮һ١ǿġԾնǿֻһĳɹաؼʱûʩչǾͲˡ
ҶһԾһڣһһʽ
߾
һڣϵҶʱӷ硣յɽ˳ԷЪϢһ֮⣬ûͣЪ


19 ߲ͻն
Ҷһڣÿһ˳⣬ӱ˺ɽ±ϵıˮ˯ǰʡȻھأҲ
һʮչȥ
ڼ䣬Ҷÿնȥ̽һȺǷ뿪
ҶʮʧǣҲȺ˿ûгĴ㡣
ÿʱỵ̈ŵĻҲǣٵʱͷʱߴʮͷҲȥԲʳǻ¼ͷҲǣһ¡
ҲȺҲͼҹ͵ϮҶԼߣһڲ˼򵥵ϸԤֻҪҲ΢Ķܽѡ
һҹ͵ϮҲȺٴһʬ˳ȥ֮ǱҲûͼһڣѡء
ҲȺرĳǿѾɱеĶͷǲɱǲ뿪ǶסңҶ
Ҷһ㣬Ρ
޷ɱȥӲƴʮոɴȫʣԾ
ҶѾڵ㣬֮ŨʢѪ
ʢѪӯǣ޷
Ѿ۷壬޷ͻƵĻʵ޷ȥ
㣬߲м
һͻƽ߲㣬ӿѪתΪѪѪѪѪɫͨѪûĹ
ͬʱ߲С
Ծն
һϣҶѪݴֻ֮е̩һʹľֵָޱȵʩչԾն
̶ʮգԾնĳɹԼ߳ɣһǳɡ
ͣ
ұϣһ߳ĵۺۼ
Ҷһͣµ
ҵĵ棬ûұڣôұºۼ
ѵ˵ǡ
Ҷ𾪣ϲ
Ѫ֮ͨѪתΪѪھǿڵų
ҶţԼ˵
ζ߳ɵʵ
һٴιעȫӵ
ûе
Ҷ΢΢ʧ
ûɥ

꣡
Ҷ
Ƭ֮ٴγһĵŵųԼһ糤
ͻ߲ˣѪݵҩȻԵѪ۷壬ڵѪ
Ҷһڿˡ
ϸĸŵԼھ΢տʼ̫ҪΪϸܸܵǹڶ
Ҷɴϲ
߲㣬ĺôԶ׼ġ
ͻ߲㣬ǿ߰ٽڣʩչԾնԹ߰ٽĻԾնΪһǧİٽԾնǧһٽΪߣѧʽҲ֮Խǿ
ֻһСķ档
Ҷ˵߲㻹һҪá
ڽڣڿԾУննеҪں
ԾǰеǰεննǶԸһˡ
ǵСնȴǳǰ԰ԲµķʽٶȱǰըͬʱԸǰ·Χڵеˡ
ڵСնǿᣬŷŵϵĵһ㹥еĵˡһնҲõ⵽Χ֡ذΧҲܿɱһѪ·Եҵ˼㡣
Ȼˣնĵ̫ҪնھŲ㡣ھŲߣǧ֮УֱȡзϽ׼ΪƷΧѧ
ԾĺУǷΧȺҪŵ֧ţǰ߸޷С
նʽѣѵҪ߲ϲе֧š֮Աһ£Ϊ޷ӦԻҲȺļлΧˡն»Ҳǣ
Ҷ
Լļ䣬Ծؼն
տʼСնаµʱ䣬Ժıҵ˱ҪҸڿ˽֮ǰ취һУɱȥر´Ժ

Ҷûûҹն
һĵܶ࣬๦򣬼ȡһա
Ϣָľ
ѪݣϵļѪѪתΪѪǿʣͬʱҲѸٻָڵѪҲŨ
˵ھյ賿
ҶʩչնһնܱŷĵÿһСǹ߰ٽĻ
ѾǱ´Ժҵ˵һ졣ɽԵʦֵǣ¶ѾЯﷵر´Ժˣ
նʽȫ죬ǲٵˣձɱȥ
Ҷ¶˾ģ߳һ¡
ͷҲţͷѶ΢һЩ
Ҷ˼һ£ûٶǹĳֵһµĳڴ
ɣҽһ£Ҳ˽ˣ
Ҷ¿ڣ˫ոֵ粽ᵶ΢΢б˸źâƺ
ҲȺͷǣţСλȻվһ˫׺ݣĶҶɱԱҶ˵ʲôǸܵҶ˾ٵĹȻơ
ΧֵҲǣ׷վǰһΧһ£Ŀ¶׹⣬ͳ˻΢΢ͷǣȴͷǵĹ
໣
ҲȺͷͷХһȻȳҶ˹ȥҪԱɱɱԱһڳٳٲϳļһ
ΧĻҲǣ˲䷢ȺҶ񱼶ȥ
ʮɡɡɣˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀͷǣŵһ
ͻȻ˫ֱĹâ
ն
ҶХһ
ȫӳһ
ĵ棬ǰһԲεĻΣǰһɷΧȫ֡𶯣𶯣ڰ֮Լɼĵ˺ѹǰ
͡͡
ţͷǳ죬ɲסͷ­ҶײͷҲǱնǰ֫˲зϡ
Ҷһгȫ̳󷭹ײͷʬ
ͷҲצѾץҶ壬ֻҶı۰ͷǹӴҲǸ
Ҷһֵ⡣
һգ۹򣬰ͷڣͷҲѾ˹롣
ʣµͷҲǲΪȥתͷ֮бȥ˹룬ͷҲǳɥʧǰǿе롣
ҶʮѪۣĿӼ磬ԼѪͻҲǵѪһǶһڵ˵ֻǲҪ˶ѡ
ҶĿͷҲ뿪֮Ÿе۰ϵʮצ˿ڻ죬ãֻƤˣ
ӵͷҲǵͷ­ðǴһڱϡ
ǳ´Ժȥ


20 
Ҷ뿪һ£´Ժȥ
ûע⵽ڶһСɽͷӲǱһֶкһߣŵĵԲ۾ŴͿŸղŷһĻʹ뼸öѼ
Ȼ߲еҶһУȻʩչ˸߽׵
߲㣬ʲôʱģ
ӲݴſŵĶˣκݡ
⻹ôǺҶֿ˵
κûҵԪͷɥС졣ں鶼᲻¡
Ҷʦ⵽Ԫ׷ɱֻ׶༪١ҪʬҰУȻȲҲ³С»ǿġǻȥң
Ҳã
Щͬˡ
һ·أһ¶Сɽͷ
ǲûпԪҶֻһ棬һҹ
κûҿȥֻ̽ԶԶǱСɽͷĴӲݹ
ڶһɻҲȺ֣߾ߣǶڿһµһҶ
ԪˣҶʦܾȻû̫ˣ
κ쳣˷ܾȡ
ǻҲȺһֱһ¸ǻҲҿȥǻҲȺһȣǽһ£˼ɥʧ˵ȥġ
κ֣Ժıҵ˺ܿҪˣڻûԵҲǵͷҶʦܱһǳˡҪҪȥĴһңɱͷҲٻ
ݳü
Ҳ밡
κҲɽСɵȺҲʮͷôȥɱȥͻûαҵ˿¹ˣֻܵȥûлҶʦܾȳ
´Ժҵ˽һա
˿ţڿҶһڳֵӭսͷҲǡ
Ҷʦ̫żˣçײΪʲôٵȵȣ޷ͨԺҵˣҲܶ
κ״ʱʧɫ޵ļҪȭͷ
Ⱥ̫ˣ
ݲ̿ȥ
ʱΪ۵һĻһµĳڴ֡
ҶǰһԲĵâէȻ䡣ɲǼĵɫâɽ֮ҫޱȡ
ͷҲǵѪ֮УʣͷҲǾתӡ

κˣ𾪵Ѽ
죬޵ܣͷҲǣɱǣ
κͻȻ뵽ҵҪͷ̴Ӳݴ֮һԾѸ͵ĳҲӴܵķ׷ȥ
˷ܵվ˫ţ乭׼
ಣ
һƿգڰзХһͷҲǵĺϣٶȴ
ͣ
תۼ䣬κķѾĲӡ
ƽĶۣߵʵ
Ҷʦ֣ȵǣ
κ˷ܴУһƴ׷ɱʣµĶͷҲǡ
һ׷ϣһں治ʸ֧Ԯκ档
ƽʱǶҪԸͷҲҲףһҲɱ׶༪١ǴʱͷҲѾҶɱľɥֻӴܣﻹ˵Ϲκ桢ݶˡ
Ҷͷ뿪һ£һ㶣СɽͷȥϤӰκ棬ݣôûлȥ𣿡
Ҷʦ֣ȵһˣ˽һ£һֱôû׵Ȱ
κݻСƬ̹ɱͷҲǣ˷ܵĴҴҸ˹
Ѿ˳ƺ
´Ժʦʦܣ仮֣ҲȫԽԺȺ֡Ϻʦ֣ҲԺ֮ԳΪʦ֣ΪУʩչԾնԺڵ˵
Ҷ֪ǵѴǶûų⣬ǲ䲻ȡ
Ҷʦ֣ղһӦǡԾĵаɣ̫ǿˣȻ˵ͻ߲㡣ԺʵǿϺʦ֣Ҳһ㡣
κ˷ܣĿ¶֮ɫ
Ҷʦ֣ҡ
һЩ֪ҶĿ⡣
߰ɣ֮ǰǸϻر´Ժȥ
ҶаҡͷҲû˵ʲôƽ
Ҷʦ֣ͷҲģҺ޵ֻҪһһȥ
κæ

ɫ´Ժ
Ժҵ˵һ죬һҹʽ
ѧûзԺԺԺܽͷѧǶڵȴ
ԺУڣվʮߡ
ҸʦȥģһˣɱȺϺʦ̫ǿˣ䣬һһǼûзӦѾͷҲǣ˾ͺɱʮͷҲǣϧͷܵˡԺһĪ
ϺʦֵȷʦҲǿԺƷһͷĸڶֻĪ
ҵõͷܿܽǰλһҹӵ⡣
ѧ˷ܵŸԲͷջ񣬻Ժ˭ʵǿ
УеһڵŽס
ʦܣʮ𣬰һͷң
öѪǽӣټֵǧϡʦ֣ʮӾҪҵһͷ
ֲǰͷʲôǳ۵ʦּˡ
ˣʦֳ۱ߣ˳һʮӣҶûӴ򷢽лӰҾͿһ£
ߣϺõıˡǰҲͽһѡǿŶͷԼŰɣ
Ժѧɽԣɻȥɱ֮˷䣬޹̶ͷһ˭ͷȻҲ޿ɱ⡣ԺҲֹ顣
ȻˣҪͷĺӵڶ࣬ÿͷļǮҲƵļߡ˭֮λ˭Ҳҿ϶


21 ͷ
´Ժڸ߲㣬ҲڵȴĽ
Ժһ½ɽϦУšΪ´ԺԺҲǳжȣƹܱ´Ժʮȴû
ܽͷôˣ
ԺμӴ˴αҵ˵ʮˣʮˣѾѧĿȷΪˡ⣬Ԫκ桢ݡҶδ䲻
׳
Ѿȷˡıҵֻһαҵˣռİ˷֮һǰıҵ˶డһδ飬Ҳˣ֮һأ
Ժü
Ժο˵ĽƷ̫ࡣһöƵѪǽֵָֹǧòٵƴȥˡо仰²֪ò˵֣֮Ե޹һöѪǽָͷ治֪ʲôģ
ΪԺܽͷò׽̳һȺߣûսΪЧѾ˽ɣôա
ԺͷһԶ֣֮ɣһֵ֣֮йʦ֣Դδ˼ɡعûԪϢ
еԪҰǽйʻ
˵꣬ѧмļ߽˹ȥ
Щңǿ򶨡
ԺʦֺҶʦ֮ǰһССִڱ´ɽϣҶѱԪֻ˵˼䣬Ҷ
˶ԶҲû˵ʲô
ȻһȺʮͷҲǣǶ˻ҲǵΧҵȼƴɱǣҪȥȣȴӴĻҲȺֻܳ롣ʦֺҶʦܣȺİΧ֮С
ʦֺҶʦܣӢšֻ׶༪٣
˵ţᡣ
ǰԺѾˣ
˷׷׵ͷ˵
ˣ
Ժһֻ֪Ϊ˰Ѹϵе鶼ƵҲȺϣü뿪
걾Ժò׵λϰʲߣȻһͬˣϧˣѾƻˣûˡûûϣˡܽͷڿʼÿλѧԱͷȷαҵ˵
Ժ̾Ϣ
ܽͷҪ
ͻȻһԺͷҴУͨϲԺˣҶκ桢ѧӴӱ´ɽˣ
ðĺã
Ժʱϲ
Уϣڸ߲㣬ѧǷ׷׳ķȥ
ֻߣǽͷУ
мһʮ꣬Եߣһ˶ͷѪϰ˺ۣһŨصѪϢУ
һʮšʮߣһͷ
УϣʮѧӶĿ¶֮ɫǵĿ⣬ȫҶϡ
ͷ
Ҷôͷ
ѧһҶŴͷжʱ
Ϊҵ˵ǰλͷм䲻ٺӵܣؽѧеϡٵͷҶʱɱ˳ͷصУϣܶѧӱѹ
޷ǰ֮ǰ޴ĲͶ룬ڴˮƯˡ
Ҷκ桢λʦӦһɽԣҶŵһͷ˵һκݵģֻλʦҶʦܱŴѡҶʦܲŸոս㣬һͷͲˡһոջؽ˶ͷĺӵܸţлżֽңΪȻķ
κʦ֣ЩͷǺϻɱģ
Ⱥ˴ѯʡ
ǡЩҶʦɱģҸʦֻҶʦֵմ⣬ɱһͷҲǶѡ
κæҡͷϡ
ЩͷȻҶɱģ
ѧǵĿ⣬쳣ӡ
ĵע⵽κȻҶΪʦ֣ζʲôκ桢ƽѧӣԺҲʸˡʮҶȻܹκλԺా˺ЩߣʦԾӡ
κ˵Žϸߡ
ΪҶı۰ʮצ˺ۣͬʱüͷҲǽӴŻ˺ۡ
κݶϰ˺۶ûУûԵսۼǾҶһϻԣսпҲǸɱ
ҶУϣоʮĿⶢԼϣЩڣһͷڵϡ
ţ
ܽͷ׿һ£ͷϺһеһЩð졣ףԣһͷǵͷ­ͷ­ԱŴ࣡
ܽͷͻȻ¶ɫ̧ͷҶ
ʲôɱͷǣ
ͷǻҲȺ֮ʵǿ൱㣬ΪײкͽթҲɱԺÿεıҵˣͷǱɱ˵ҶȻϺʦ֣
ѧ𾪡
̫ɽƻʱѵ
´ԺΪһµıҵʽ
´ԺʮѧУжӣǰͷʱ΢õģѾʯҷԷֻɱģŨѪζ
κ棬һͷ
Ҷͷͷһš
Ϻͷ
Ŀͷ

˴οˣҶնɱҲ࣬ƷߡҶͷϺڶͷһöѪǽָǰһȭס˵ȣһ͢Ƽšȱҵ֮󣬿ƾƼǰǣͶС⣬δͷδͨ˴αҵˣλӰ֮ٽ
ԺÿǰͷԼͨҵ
ڶѧӵĿⶼҶ͸¶ĽʡѪǽָƵıûмӵУǺӵҲֻиĽķݡȻҶճƽ߸ˡ
ҶЩԼȻͷ
һ½һ£ûж̫ϣֻҴҸϻر´Ժͨҵˡ
ʵһǰɱͷҲǣѾ¶ǣֻʣǹͷǹ賿ɱͷҲǣնס⻹һͷκ桢ɱ֮øġ
ֻͷ
û뵽ͷȻǱ´Ժͷ
ʵҶЩ͹ʵ߲㣬ʽͷųڱ´ԺѧǾ޽СǱѧӶͷҲǣ粻֪ٴˡ
Ϻʦ֣öѪǽָġҶʲô£Ȼܵõⱦ
һӵвϺ
ϺĿһۣ䳰ҪСˣѪǽָѪǽָһѪһķҶ⣬㼱ʲô
⡭
ӵϱ죬ڨڨ͡


22 
ԺԱһλͷŵı֮Уȡһ˿ʵıһƼţҶС
ҶΪƽӵܣͷסպڿȡͻڣΪߣ
ԺοļЦ
ҶԺ
ҶΪͷǰ΢΢鹧˫ֽ±ǷƼš
֣֮ɴӻǳһöѪǽָЩϧĿһָۣһҶǴŵЦ⣬Сӣͦ˵ģɵĲöѪǽָȻ覴ãҲֵƣ֪Ҫһ
л֣ӣ
ҶɫץסѪǽ䡣
ҶܸоЩ֣֮ϲԾ¶ĸ߸ϵİȻԲ˿ĺøС
ҶõѪǽָ˻ȥ
ϺǰԺн˵ڶ͵Ľ
ϺҲǵõһһ˿סһУټֵƽ
ͨҵ˵ʮѧֻĽķݣֻܵõһƼš
мùѧӣ˶û֮ͨٲμӿˡ䳬ʮ꣬ҵҲμӣֱӾ̸뿪Ժ
Ժ˵һĻ֮ͨ˵ѧǱʽҵ뿪Ժ
Уϵѧǻ˷ܣɥɢȥ
ʱɫȻھ뿪Ժסһϣߡ
Ҷеǿ˷ܣͨ´Ժıҵˣȥݸһʶһߴѧ
ڴӱ´ԺҵˣҴȥͶ߾սɳӺɷ򣬲ȥɳһ⣬ⱲҲ̫ϧˡҶʦ֣ʦܣкδ㣿ҪҪһȥ
κЦ
߾Ԫ²֪ûʲôȥ͢һЩҶʦأ
ԥ
һûأڱ´ɽһ£Ȼȥϴԡ˯һ㡣
Ҷҡͷ
ʵȥθأѰɸŻָıֻ鲻ܸ˵

ԺСˣ
һͷҴԺ
㹫
Ժ΢䣬Ժڸ߲㣬ǰȥӭӡ
¡¡űŮӺʮƥ´Ժһ·е´Ժǰ

һʮĺŮƮƮסһ´ԺſڣȻûӭӣʱһгޣΪãǸôӭӵ˶ûУ
ԸżŮӡ
һȺɱ֮ľʿΧɢ䡣
㹫
ԺҴҴ˳һŮӣ¶֮ɫѽ㹫ôݹٱ´Ժ
ղҷ֮ǰӲԺ˴αҵ˵ղ᲻ӭɣ
չһЦԾ
룬;棬϶ƣȥסޣ
Ժæ
˵ͷԺȺһӣ΢üͷ֣֮ɣô
㹫ʦչ֮ǰӲ챱´ԺලˡǴɣ͹ˡ
֣֮һЦֵ
ҲĶ̸
˺꣬Ժͬ㣬뱱´ԺһӴĸ¥լԺ
乫еһȺʿҲפڸ¥Χ
¥ڲˣֻʣԺ㡣
´ԺıҵˣֻһλԱǰ鿴ιôˣ
Ժֵʵ
乫£ɷɫѾ£⵽ܱĹΧ߹ƵƵ漱Ҹȫʿ׵ã󣬼ȱһսв佫һˣ֪ղղҸ
΢Ե߾ȫݸ壬඼ߵĺᡣһǽһڵ׺ᡣ˵нųܱĹҲ𣿡
Ժʵ
Ϻϣһ򿿹ʦ֣ԴǧﴫϢ֣Դչ֮һϢݲˡ
乫ҡͷŭߣ˵ãһ˵ˡ֣ԴΪʦʱͻȻԱչΪڣ֮ɹʦ֣ԴǷϣȥһ˽ţż档
֣ԴȻ˵Ϊ
ԺȻŭüͷܿʦ´·ͬСɡ뾡ȥϡΣڵϦ
Ҵ˴ǰ´ԺΪӲ죬ʵΪǰȥšҸҴȥţ;ɱ̫׳ͽ·ҪԺĻǰȥԮ˴Ժҵˣʺϵѡ̫࣬λУװУ˶Ŀ
乫ͷ
ļʱһգѧӿ±Ҫ뿪ԺԺҵˣʵǿѧӣҶϺˣɹǲ
Ժæ


23 
ҶصԼԺСݣһѪǽָһʱ䲢öƵĲĹЧΡ
ǵã֣֮˵öѪǽָ覴á
Ҷһ£ϡ˿УоСʱɸŻġ
ҶˮɸŻϴԡϴȥһƣѪ
ŻմѪ󣬲մˮҵĲצ˺ˣŻҲûצİֺۼһıŵһڼף
Ҷţ˫ɸŻᣬϲ
ϴ󣬰ѹŻϣһɾĴֲϣѪǽָ뻳Уоˬࡣ
ʱͷһͷٻ˵Сټǰȥ
С
ҶʱһԺһĺŮ
´ԺѧһϵҺӵܡСҲڱ´ԺѧĽᣬԺԺ֮ɫ
ҶԺϰʮ꣬ȻУϼλС
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26 Ѱ
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ʲôˣҴ͢Ա
ڶʱв
㣬մǣ
С󲽽ڣ˻ӱޱһʱڼɹŮӴӣǱ
ģɳϳ֪ɱ˶ٵоҪһСǵĹɣǹҲܲԶص£ֻӵ
ٽٰ˱ӣ󣬶򵨱ҪСȥ
ͻȻСһӰǰ壬һȦ¹âڵڷĿ
ͣ
ǰŭᵶУξ٣ͷ­ɽѪĿĵԲ۾ںȻ١
ۿҪʧصĺַҽɲǼţš
˭Сҵģ
ҶŵѪıŴڣʮĿ¶Զ١


28 Ҵ
ڣͷ­أѪ
ҶŵѪıвûвʡ
ò˵´Ժն»Ҳͷ­Ϊѧͨҵ˵ı׼ЧЧ
ҶһԪ֮ԸɱնײеĻҲǵͷ֮ɱҲûնɱɽնɱСնɱڵ٣óֵʱ򶼸ɾ䡣
ڰ˲ߣ
ʮٱҶһס֮ǰ׵ļѾʣµѾ循ɡ
ܳǹڴȺ䣬ȻһٽСҶϺһ¡ϧûܳ˽ʱϺֵڴſڡ
С֮Ѳӱ߽ڰ˲㣬ֻǹʵһλҸǿĻδ֣볢һ£һԣǲ±ˡ
Ҷ˵
𾪣Ϻ˿ȥ
λӵܣŴ磬ƣҶλƽӵҪǿһЩƺҲеλǵУȻʵҲǿ
Сˡ
Ǻ˾ƣͿ´ð
ﶣһ˻±ͷܿ죬ǶŶ±ݵڵϡ
ҵľ棬ȫס
СӵҶһۣȻվڴ;ĿɿڵسСٽнʵЩУξûһãԶڻûɿһõ佫
ԶԭؽΪϽΪѸߣʮȥˣԶڰꡣΪɽٴ඼ε١ԭȵ٣µְ¹ԭȸϽһֱسţ⿴Ź̫Сδ¡
ǿСæ˵üĿ֮¶ϲɫһܷˡ
Ͻʮ̣꣬
С¶ϲɫгɡ
;Զ²УسȫԡϽڰ˲㣬ϣʩչնһʱҲߣʿ䶼
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СںߣóɽѳԶع
Сȥ
ⲻ𣿡
ڣɽԭȵĸһٴ󾪣Ҫվ
Ҷǰһ͵һŲȥ߰˰ٽػ֮£ʹһϥݵڵϣҧӲţͷǺҲǵͷˣ¡
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Ͻ漴һԭȸи٣ͳڵĶǧʿ䣬ƿԶصرѽѰֵУξ٣ڴڿѺ
СҶϺˣûѧ̣ҲԶضයֻϽƿԶصرǱҪ뿪ı߹أȥСʹ
Զԭǧسꡣɽһ̣ʣ¶ǧбȫʿ䣬һ겻񣬸вӱֹۣϳֻƴάֳǹزơ
ϽڴϵСüëڲ˶ɽķŭ
ңҶϺ̴ȥɽͬڳڵвƻͳͳˣһѰ֣Ĳ϶չ˴ǮơѳǮƽ͸ʿ䣬ʣȫʿ
СһĽΣҧгݣҲˡǾСĿȾΪ˳֡
ǣ
ҶϺһӱ䣬һͬǰԶڸҡ
ҶһԳڼϤСֱɽԶصĴլɽڶ檵լԺߣѲƻ˽˿أѳĹŻ桢ص伮鱦䡢觡ʯΡİ˳
ɽһңʮӵĹزƻ
֮ޣҶλСӹˣһͭһͭӵƽӵܣֻĿɿڴķݡ
֮£Ϻƽˣʮҵ˵ҲֻС˼ңǧܴ󸻡ʮӵ鱦ƻֻһʲСĲƻ
˵Լල֮£СƻһһǼᡣ
Ϻһڱӣһ亮̽ɱ£Į¶ֱͣССһֱӰѶ̽ȥ

Ҷ졣
ҷ࣬ǹءȰЩƻͻȥһ飬ϽҲһ飬ϲߡʣµĲʿ佱ͣʡ
Ϻһۡ
Ĺأ
Ҷһ¡
ȻˣǾðɡɽĶҲ
ҶֻҪԼɸŻȵĶֱ뻳С
ҶźǣɸŻȵĶ̫١ֻҵɫ塢ʯùŻȡѾõɸŻһջ񡣵ȳɽҪȥʮУξԶصļҲ»ҵһЩ
ڱ´ԺҲ˶ı
Զأνջ
Ҷϲãڰ˲㡢ŲҪҩЩʯΪɸŻѾˡץÿһյ嵽ھŲ㣬Ϊߡ
ͨ鱦ƻҶ˵ôϷ׸Ͼȥ࿴һۡ


29 ѹ
СֻԶشһգס٣ϽٽӹԶصرδʱ䡣
ҶϺǰȥңķ˴ʱ䣬һʱ㳭ʮദٵլԺ˴ʿ䣬ʿСŸ·ǿܽԶس׳졣
ڴʲĴ̼£ԶضǧʿʿȻ񣬴Ҳȥ˹ľʯسǡԶڳƾɥգһɨ⡣
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СҶһ˳ҹĻԶء
ԶرǺˮԭսƿپսأս֡⣬ŰɽҪҾѾ̾ᣬڻһƬ޸ء
Զһ޼ʵĺˮԭϣ˿һƻͨӪկԭҰĴҷԷ͵Ϯ
쿴ӵĴӪ
Ӫկǧϵľ䣬פҪ׼Զأ
߰ɣЩһʱԶءϽأϳɣԶصر

С˵ͷ
Ȼڽսǹı߽ϣܴкڵߣѪҪҹĻ֮´Խ߾Ǻ׵ġ
˱ܿӪկԼѲҷ֮أ˺ˮԭ

С뿪ͬʱԶڡ
ʮＲִ¡
ʲôˣ
ʦ֣Դ״ӣ֣֮ɣ
һ
ϵ˻æŸ֨򿪡
֣֮ɴҴҽԶڣŹһѯʣѾ乫Լ뿪Զأ˺ˮԭԭȷɸ봫ɽҪסСһգδ̫á
ĿĵزԶأȥˮԭʲô
֣֮ɫ΢䣬æһͼ
˺ˮԭѾսʹҲı䲻˴֣Ҳҹ뽻ս֮ءĪǷ֮Ԯ棬˭
֣֮ɾɲ
ָŵͼһֱ졣գִһ֮أطͼûκαʶ
֣֮Ϊʦ֣Դ״ӣȥط֪طĴڡ
֣֮ɿطĿʱʹ뵽һܣʱ䡣
ԣȥȣҪȥǸط
֣֮˫ĿȺ죬˻
ʦʱڶΥжͽϵϵܱĹΧ乫ֱӺʦϵϣֱӲ֡ʦͼıҪʣ
֣֮ɶ֣ԴҪͼıʮʮָӣȨ֮⣬ڵĶֱӵĹϵ
ֹǰȥǸط
֣֮һյͼһ޺۵ϣԵü
飬Զء߹֮ճ̶ȴ˷׸һھŲߣиΪ㡣

ˮԭ
ӽʱ֣ѾһʮԶˮԭĸء
ɫͣһСƫƧ֮ЪϢ
ںˮԭ֮أո·ױɽܡо٣ϡҹɫް·ƫƧ֮˯Ϣָ
ҹУױܿΣա
Сһ죬һĲݴԣЯļ֧ͷ˯
ˮȥѰϪˮԴƥѪιˮԲݡ
Ϻڴĵһһʽϵط޲ʽոһյ˵ƺʲô
üû˯ˣɽյĴ˵ɣ
ҶЩƣ룬˲ԶϺһۣ
Ϻ־ΪᶨֻҪһʱ䣬ԾٸȤϺǰе̶ȣҪҸ߳ܶ࣬ǿĻԾնɹʸǳųɣ
ۿ̿ͼ㣬´ԺٶԺѧӣܱȵϺϺ´ԺһʵһһĻֻһղЧһ֮ЧԵĿˡ֣֮ɶʮΪߣϺʮ꣬²ʮ
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ҶһϥһƬƷѪݣ븹ڣʼ˽յĴܿ죬ϳһ뵵ɫѪʢ
Ѫҩļ֮£ѪŨѽѪתΪΪѪ
߲һ룬ڰ˲ȫ̡
һʱʱ
С˯Ժ֮УȻߴҵĵƿʱѡ
ƿһֻԶ֮УϺ֮кȻĵ߲ͷųĵ
Ϻʲôʱͻ߲ˣ
Сһתͷʵ˯˶ã
㹫˯ʱڻûе磬Ե㶫ɣϢ֮ų·
ڴ۾ƺµСɻ󣬡ϺʦѾһʱˣͣü£ͻƵ߲㲢֡ҶϺʦֻ죬Ѿ߲࣬˲ҲԶˣ治֪ôġֻ㡣
񵭵Цʵڱ´ԺҲֻǸϺҶǿ߱Ҫࡣ㵽߲һȥʵȻͬ
ô죿
㹫¶֮ɫĿ⸴ӵĿԶһ£ڱĿһƬ֮ҶҶѪһձһŨʢԸоĵ
ǰӱ´Ժҵ㣬Ѿ߲㣬һֱΪԼѾǳ죬ںܼЩŷ֣´Ժѧ֮Уǿߴڡֻ˯ʱϺѾ߲㡣˵ٹһҶѾڰ˲㡣
ϢˣĸʱǽϴˮԭңĴûܾ
С촽


30 Ϯ
ˮԭʢͷ˿ܡˮԭҰҲ֣ΪսƵԵʣƬز޸ֻ֡;˵أڸ֮䷷ϡȱ̶ӣᾭˮԭϵǿЩ̶ά
ˮԭһѣڷկ
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һལͣһ˶һƥڳկ·ڡеһöµѪǽָĿڷկȺ˭ǺڷկĴ죿
ѽСͣҵڷկүǵȥ·ǣˣ
Ц
ϣ
ЦȻ
֪
֣֮ɰһγ䱦һŲæĳǰȥϳһɽ⣬ʱŲӣڵء
֣֮ɺ֮ûκ赲
ͣ
컹ûЦ꣬һǰЦȻֹ϶һѪֱۣӷȥ
ţ
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ˣ֪˵ʵΣСܶԸ𣿡
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żһЩðյ̶ӻᾭҲŮˡ
漴ϰ֣֮ɿˮԭؼȥ

СҶһˣСִڣŸ׼ЪϢƬ̣·
֮ǰǳС⣬͵ϮľḻβݣϲϢĴ˷ӽ֡ڽӽ֮ǰ⾪ˡ
жٵƥ
ҶھȻסıȥ
ߵĶĿԶͨˡķ紵ݶܹοϰڽӽ
أ
ϺС⣬
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Сֺһֱƽ¡С˵ȥϪϴһ£иһ£δͬȥû뵽ʱͻȻɱһȺ
ߣȥϣ
Ϻɫһ䣬
ʱǵȽӽСԶ׷赶ȻɱȥеɱˣŮܡԭҰ
ƥ
նɱ
â󣬶뻡µĵ⣬Ⱥ֡
ͣ
һգ۹򣬰˾ء

ã˶߲ϵֵͣסˣʲô㣬һȺ߽ߣ
ǰֺȻֲĵȫɥ
Ǻٶȿ죬ͷ壬δͣ
С֣Ⱥҡ


31 ϱ
֣֮ɲδһűӰڴٴѰС˵ټ
һ߲㣬㣬Ȼںˮԭ۵СЩæҪҳЩ鷳
ͻȻ֣֮ƳԶϪһӰ㹫ĿһζȻͣ£ʩչṦԾϪߡ
֣֮ɣô
СոϪϴ󾢷𣬻ͷһʱһޡ
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ԶڣԼĻɱʱɫ䡣
ǺǣҵĹİȫظ͡㲻õģֻһϰѡҶʵӦÿ֧סʱΧʱ㹻Ϫߺúһˣ㹫
֣֮ɳСȥ¶Цݡ
ȥ
乫һףһӣ˹ȥ

޻ΪһȦһȦıӰХţĳ֣֮ɳȥעޣ԰ѼʯӲľ顣Ѱ˰һӣ±Ҫȥһ
٣㻹ҵڶβɣ
֣֮׼ŲϵĶһȦȦıӰ
֣֮ʮΪߣǹʦ״ӣгһոϣܳΪߣ䲻㣡
֣֮Щŭ
ޣҲ䣡Ϊ˭㲻֣Դɩӵ˽ͨӶѡ¶֮ϧɱֳڸŶ˵ĳ¡ʼղ˳İ㵱ɶӣֻǰΪӡǹ͢˭֪֣ԴǽָĹʦ˭Ƶ㣡֣Դ³´ţҰȥţ͵ȥˣʦһ޵λֻҫʦ״ӵݶѡ
Сŭ
㡫ƲԳԷƣ
֣֮϶ʱ࣬ĳ裬¶ܻ֮ɫһɫ̺ۣ˿Ե÷ۡ
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Сһ޷˦ޣק˹ȥ
㹫ϲ㣬ʹҰɣҳΪ֮ĸҸֱ֣֣֮㡮ڡ˺Сȹɫ֮£쳯Сȥͼǿ֮¡

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һƥ𣬴Ӵڳ
ն
һȣһն˲ϢΪصĵӰ
֣֮ɸоһѰԵĵӱûϵСľȱô죬ʱһ͵һܿĻԾն
վһȻҶһնˡ
֣֮ɵٶȼ죡Ծնͣǧİٽһ룬⵶ȱ㹻仯ݣֻ
ҶһδնУһϧСδʩչ󹥻ΧĻնĻл֣֮ɡ
ҶͷһС
СȻ˺ѵǿڵأ˫ֱأŭĿ⼸뽫֣֮˺룬ҶɱʬΣ
ͬʱϺһһӴ֮гɱ
ϰѾɱ仨ˮ˹룬ѾɢӳСֵһ֣࣬죬һ룡
սĵ󺺣ڽȴԺֽű
ڷկӹ̶ӣ˻ûҹʹ˵Ķ̫ǿˡߣ˵ŲлʮĶӣʧѾĿҰ֮С

ҶϺֱȭףСǽ֣֮ھŲߡ
ҶϺʩһʩչնơ֣֮ɵΪԾնҪԸ֣֮ɣ˴ΧԲĻն֮⣬ûİ취ұǶ֣һṦܴɡ
Ϻ΢΢ͷ
˶ѾڣʩչҪ֧ŵĻն
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մԺߣҲҲԣҽձǼʶһʲôߣ
֣֮ɲΪĹЦһţ֮б´ԺͷʵǿҶҶȸɵʰʣҲֻǳ⡣
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ϺӵһնһԲâĻնֻܷͬʱǰһɵλмһ֣֮ɣǰ֣֮ɵ·
ն
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֣֮ɻӽסϺȹһҶһڸ첲ϡھŲߣѪ֮ҲסԵĵ첲ϣַɳϪ

֣֮ҽУֻŶȥһ۵Ҹ첲ʩչṦԾԶѭȥ
Ҫ׷ɱǿҶϺأɳһ¡ʵȶ˻࣬ûУ֣֮ȻһۣҲǶ֡
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ɶҶҶһۣһɱ㣡
ĿҰϣԶԶ֣֮ɲĵ
ܵĿ죬´㣬ô㣡
ҶĿ׺ݵԶȥӰӣͣ
ɫѺڣһԶⲻϤĺˮԭʧ򣬺ѸСϡҪһǣ֣֮ʱѾɥʧв֣֮׷ѾھŲߣѻԾĵҲ
´ξ´Σ˭˭
ҶаͷһֻۣϺҲӵϴؿڰһ¶һĽ˿ף˺ѡ
Ҷɾȡ
ãҪûڼףҲˣ²ָܻ
Ϻؿڽ˿ףһĽˣ£ֵҶôûˣ
⼸ʯͷͦӲģ⼸ʯͷһ£¡
Ҷӻͳѵ塢ʯֹһ䡣
һöѪǽָ֣֮ɵö˭Ҫ
ҶĿ⿴棬֣֮ɶϱϻһöѪǽָתƻʵЩźϧû֣֮ɣ˵ҵõĶ


32 ɳ
Ļ֮У֣֮ںˮԭϷɱãԶСֲŽͣ£ͿֹѪҩð˿ڣǿŶȥһ˺ѷεʹ
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һۣʧ˴ѪھŲΪɻµ٣ҽ϶ҲܵӰ죬ָΪֽ˺ҪķѴʱ䡣
֣֮ɰ˿ڣʧѪԵüƣ
һطˡϲΣ»Ϊ
֣֮ͷޣʧѪǿҾ⣬Զȥ
ķ򣬶ûзһ˵׷ɱ
һдȥ϶ҪԵǡ뿪ˮԭ֮ٲ·ڶ࣬ٶ׷ɱҪִԵǣµ·̣뾭¹ҵ¹ȥıؾ֮ǣҶϺһȻͻ߲㣬Ҷܽӽڰ˲㡣ҵ취ԸǶˡ
֣֮ɰ¹ϵҵдŷɸʦһУʦʲô취ֹǽԵǡֻҪǽԵǣȥ˽ţ
Щ֮ǰҪһȫ׵ĵط˵

˭Ҫ
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Ϻһ£ҡͷΨһñӳѪ߽һɣǶԴ塢ѧûʲôáһھŲ㡣֣֮ɵѪҲ鷳
ϱ㿳ģöѪǽɡǵ˵طܻЩ
С
ѾЯĻϴ֮Уһµĺɫȹָ侲ɫҲѾʲôѿ
˵ط֮
ҶơȻСô˵ˣöѪǽָժ뻳С
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С촽˵֮ǰ֪˭͵ˣΪг̵ıܣһֱδ͸¶ǴеĿĵء֣֮ɴ˷׷ɱ϶֮һ˸ڵ϶һڶ͸¶Ҳ޷
ǴеĿĵأȥԵǣ
Сһ£˵
Եǣ
Ϻһ٣˷ܵ峤ݾһصԵǣλڴ¹߾۾ڶȵߣ֮˲֪ɳǾҲûԵ롣ĪǣԵǣ
ҶˣҲ¶ŵľϲԵǣ˵Ĵڡ
ݾںܶߣ۾ԵǡԵǣΨһǰŴŵ;ϼ壬һڽšҪȵԵǣȻͨɳǵִţϼ棬ǳ滯
乫ͷ¹;ҪʮСȣִԵǣг̴ԼҪ¡;б任·ߣȻٶĴ̿ͣҲѶǽ׷ɱ

˳źڰҹĻԽĺˮԭйڡڵйڸ·ʮΣաһ·ֻܳҹУκע⣬ʮ֮뿪
뿪ԶһЩĹȣûж񽻣ո·Ҳûϵ·˱ڿջסޣϺõιѪ
˳򣬱¶ɽҰ⡣˵Ҳνȫȫв۵Ҳֻǵķݡ
¸·һζ
һ¹ԽԽ
һգ·ɽָһطʱЪϢƥָ
ҶһƬѪٲݣץʱѪҩǿ֮£ȫµĹڣԭѪѾתѪڵǿᵽ൱ߵĳ̶ȡ
ÿһǿѪʢʲǿǽʵ˫ǿ˾Űٽƽܴﵽ۷弫ޡ
£ҰѴԶسҵļ塢ʯùˣȫɾƷѪҩÿշãѪһǰͻڰ˲㣬ھŲ㣡
ҶĿУھŲߵâ
һ£ԾĵСնΣ
ҶȻվ𣬰γ䱦
ӵȻһһԲ
ಡಡಡ
ŵٴĿĵӱ֮бŷͱѣΧһɷԲ
Ҷأб죬ƺڻȸԾĴ֣ݿһ㣬һÿľһĵѺۣСһľֱնΪΡһȦɷΧľɨһա׵򵥣ҵķʽչʾǿ
߽׵նھŲ˴˵Ȼǧ֮УҲסսһԱϧˣƺ޶Ȥֻרע
СڲԶ𺳵ĿһĻ
նҶѡԾһɣһ谭Ѿ͵Сû׷
Ϻ΢̾Ǻָܿ˵ĮһһʽĵȻΪв࣬ĵףҶǿ
·£Ҷչ֮⣬СϺڳڰ˲㣬ڰ˲Ѿܽǻδȥڲǰͻ߲㣬ڲ
˿˵൱١


33 ϰ
¹
ݾڣ¹ҲָǿʢĴ۹֮һʮСɱȡȻƫƧسǵСҲв֪¹Ĵ
¹߽һ۵Ӫկʯǽ߲פؽһ¹ӵĵ۹˵رռȫľţһëֱһᡣ
¹Ļʵ۴⴦Ӫկ⵽йϮûбҪפΪ⴦СӪկ׹ȵͼ϶ûע֮ءԵǵؽ硣
⴦СӪկΨһãҲֻʾ¹߽硣⵽Ϯĳλ߿¹˳ۣй֮٣¹ʵҲֻϵù
֣֮ɸϵ⴦ӪկݻؽԼʦ״ӵţؽֵܽύһ֣֮֮ɲ˵⡣
ˣǧƽƱ¹̻ĻƱСĴæҲδܴĺС˼ɾ⡣
֣֮ɷϼŴƱһţ˹ȥ
佫۾΢΢һ
ǧƽֻС˼ʲô˼¹ĸĵ۹ǧƽҲһ׵顣طûʲôˮ̣ƶĺܡҪŪǧƽ𣬿µúü깦
֣ϵܣʲô˼
佫֣֮һۣ˵ȲѣҲδ¡ŪٿǷҲ١
С˰æԸߣֹͨ˵أ֪ǷԸ֣
֣֮Ц
Ӧİɡʦӣͣܰ˶ϱֵۣʵ϶λھŲֵʵƽ𣬾ҳֶԸʵǿߣ
佫һ֣֮ɵĶϱۣЦʦӣóɫ֧ʹΪж֮ˣҲ̫߿Լ˰ɣ佫Ļ
ֻһʱʧ֡
֣֮Ǻ죬佫ĳ֮¸еѿ߷ޣһҧӻóֽŵһ糤ĺɫľ޸ľƷҩģ弫Ʒҩġʦ˲ٴۣΪѰġֻһС֣ʣµһ͸ˣ
޸ľѵõĺöɽв¹ϾƽҲ򲻵ó֣ϵܻǺгġղŸϵܿһСЦһڹţڹɱˣֻҪǳ֣ɡ
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֣֮ɫʱѿôĴۣȻųôһ
Ϊ¹ͨСһС֮ÿһġߣѵأһܰһСĿ޵
佫ЦȻͣ£˵ǰ棬ƻҲֵǮһʮϣǱ᳷ˡҪָ㶫ѱϱȥ
֣֮΢΢һ鴤ǿŭ⡣

ǰ¹߾һСӪկӪկֻҪգִܵԵǣ
Сɱǰ棬˷ܵ
ҶϺ˽󣬶¶ڴ֮ɫܿҪ˵еԵˣ⼸ζ޲ÿӱ޸ϵĵط

СͻȻͣ
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ӪկǰһӽǹӼףϵսֳֳǹͣĬţŵɱ֧δѾɢ˵
ҶϺͣ£ŰȺ
׼ɱˣڳǣûбˣǳģ
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¹ı߾һӪկͨ˵֮󣬱Եǵĵؽ磬Ҳû赲һҪȥ
ҳǰ棬ȥһǰɣ
Ҷֳ
С˶˵ͷ֮ҶھŲʵǿԸȺľҲֻҶֿܳ⡣
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Сβں׼֧Ԯ
¡¡
Ҳûϵȶ֣壡̷ֳֳǹʼٱܡȺ٣һٲͬٶҪһЩٶδ֡
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ҶĶǰԽԽĿ⡣
ȣ
ҶһԾ
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Ҷȣע֮УбһϾԲŵĿĵԵޱȵĺɨΧһɷԲϰ
ͣ
ҶһȦɨҶһΧˤȥѪ裬ɳȥʬ壬󷽵ײɡ
䣡
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Ҷնͷţ뼫Ϊݵߡ
ϺʱԽһԲĵâɨܴ۵Ⱥ
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Ӫկ¥ϣ佫ɫ࣬˳˵ĺŽ
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ء
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¹ͱɥʧʿ׷׵תͷȿֺСӪկӡ
Сһһ¹ı߹ӪկԵǵĵؽ磬ʧȥ
߹أԵǵĵؽˣ¹ľǲġΪɱļУʮ˵Ŀ²ʮˣʧѹȥҪķǧƽ֣ϵɣĵ˿ҪԼȥԸ
佫˵꣬˼¥
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һԵǣִܿܵţϣҪϵŭ𡣡Уұ뾡ʦɸ봫飬취ӦԲǡȥԵǵϢ֮ôֻʦ⡣
֣֮ɸеһϢѹ


34 Ե
ֹգֻǰһɽ壬ɽ϶ȥһƬãã֮Уһΰ׳۵ԵƺƮƶ֮ϣزĥ
ǵˣԵǣ˳֮ɫ֮ɾǰֻ˵˳ǵľɫǵһɳǡ
С¶ϲɫ
ԵǣݵǱס
Ҷɫ𺳣м
ǿ߰ɣа·̣
ѾܽҶɺķ˰ʱ·ŻС壬ִԵǳ¡һ·ϣԵǡ
СҶԵǵĳǰ
ԵǵĳŴ󿪣ſվʮɼЯɱųš˭ܽɳڡ
ǰΪ֣۾ݸʵ֮ˣߣ񿥵ҵӣ켣о֮졣
ٵ˱ڳ⣬˿ĿŽߵɳǣȴ޷ɳڡ
а̯֮һµԵǷгһܷΪˣʦԵڰ̯ʮ꣬ÿСհƽ𣡡
Ҷݳ棬˽Ҷ˲ΣҩģǴŪϵȻ۵ҩģԪֻҪԪ񣬱Եˣ
ɢɢ裬裬ӦоУ˰ƽǧһɢ֣
ڳҩĺɢҩƷ
ҶһſڣĴˡ
Եǣ׷˲ý룡ǿ·֮ˣɼǶûУǡ
һĿĿСһۣ£Į˵⻰һ첻֪˵϶ٱ顣
ǽϼᣡƾƣɷǣ
СӻóһӲӵСƣЩʵ
ţϼ壿
¶ȣ˫Ŀɨƣһ֣ɫ΢һ䣬˰̬ԭɼҺӵܣʧƾ˼ȻǣСˣҲûٶʡ
żӵܶӻֻҪ˲С
СҶϺ˶һɳ»ȳǣǿԩ
ǣԵڡ
ڳڶ֮ˣĽ˼ǽɼҺӵܣݲǺԵ׷˿ɱȣĽ
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ŴŶɽ֮ʨǻ׷޷ޣͽ޷ǰ뿿ݷȥ
С̨ݣȴֻ֪λϺ衣ҶϺ˲ݡ
ֻߣŵӺ裡˵Ȳ裡·;ϣʧҿҪ⳥𣡡
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ȥţҲ޷ΪŵĵӡǿѡԵǣ߷ȥȥ˽֮󣬻ҸоȥٿԳΪƷ
ǿҪԵڣгһ˵ܹͻھŲ㣬Ԫһ뿪ԵǣȥףҪٽˡҪһߵɼܽ
Ǳ㻤㵽ˣ˿һ£Ƿ񷵻
Ҷ
ãˣ
СҶԹȥӰллˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ͷһδλݵСУл֡
С̨ϣһͷɴɺףͷĿҶһۣȻɺһչڿնȥʧԵǵʡ
ҶĿ⿴Ϻˣ͹ɣҴкδ㣬Եǻǻ
ȥʲôѵһӾһ佫ʮΪλȨصĴ󳼣֮ȥҪġҴС޿гһܹɣ̤ɴ
Ϻ¶Ȼǰֻ룬Ϊģ봥ֿɼ
ȻˣͻԪǶߵ롣Ȼ乫һֱӰţΪŵӡ˶Ǳ´Ժͬʦʦ㣬ǱɳǣһԪ񣬳Ϊߣ
˵ͷ¶˷֮ɫ


35 ɳǼ
ãǾԵǣȡɵδΪˣ뿪Եǡ
ҶһԼ
ǶʮմԺ߳ŮѪ䣬ţη֮жѡݴСȣ׷мܲɵ
òԵǣڳڵ䣡
Ϥɳ֮һݻɣԼ
ֵɳǽֵĴɳڶΰĹڣ̨¥󣬱̷֪ЩطʲôģҲҴϤڵĻ
ҶЩߣЩߡ
ֻҪһ˵ɫܲ²Щ߽˾ͱõģҳײ˱˵ĵϴ鷳϶ߡ
ЩɷῡΣڵϴݲȵģˡ
ݳУ붼ö룬Ͻܡûм˭Եڳ⸱ơ
ԵڣҲвٵĿջ¥֮ĵط
ţһǳֵĵط
ҳһտ֮أһ߸ߵ̨޵ĺ̺߹ģдš̨֡
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Ҳ֪ôģԲ˼ƯţΪѸ͡һ˵֮УʱŷȭͷĻ򣬹֡һˣֳֵն֡
䣡
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ǵĵֻһɷΧԶ޷ˡ˵ķԹԶ
Ҫһɷںˮԭһ֣֮ܰɸˣ
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֣֮ɣ
һҲԵǣҪҪ׷ȥɱ
׷ɳǣɱ˿϶ȥҲҶô
Ϻȵ

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߰ɣЩˣһұ˵Ŀջס£
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ԶصʱϺҳҵƷ϶ֵǮĶ
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ȥȥûʯסʲôջ˵ĵ
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ҶֵĽֵЩ̯С̷ѯѪǽָļǮЩɺ̻ɸǼҲȥı
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36 ʯ
ҶϺɳһСջ᷿һ¡䣿СǵĿЩ죬ǲδʡ
ҶԼķڣڴ׼Ϣշת˯š
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⡶ɸŻᣬֲܹҩ϶õķԺڷֻ֣һߣû˵֪ͨʹ⸱ɸŻᡣ
ھŲ㣬ҵԵǣֻһ
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ҽ
ҴõҩĲȱǲ˵ĻɡԼһ˼ȴûǮ»²⡣Ի϶ҪңҲҪץһͻƳΪߡ
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УȥԺŹͷɣ㰲Żɣȸһһԣɵĺã͹Ӷ㣬ÿ¸ʯģⷻĹǮȱ١

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Ժڵʮ½½ͣ׷׳Ҷ˹
Եڻ죬һҪǾǽǵˣһɼҵʵλֻ࣬п̨ĸ¡ӲȻ߿֡һһģλ϶в졣
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Ҷӹشжʱоһɰһ
˵ߵоŰٽþŰٽıսϣ̫ıûʮ£ͺĹ˾ٲٳذԵıҲǷ
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Ҷһо˫Щ顣ڵľŰٽҪ˵ʯͷҲұ⡣
ԺڶʱߵĴЦ˸һ
ŨüЦŽ͵ǷǳӲʯʦõĿʯԭϡǸɵĻ׼ԭϵһȰѿʯ飬ĥϸɰʦϸСɰ󣬸׷㡣ʦֱԭʯķѵķ̫ࡣ
ʯԳܶǧŰԼҪʹʮңһһĴһȭͷСʯϸɰҪǧĹһҪܴһȭͷĿʯĥϸɰ깤Ǯÿһʯס
ϸ˵
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Ҷ죬ֹһ
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Ҷû˵һƣԼŸ˳һЩĬһ»ԾҪôõƶһֻǷͬˡ
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ҶڣȻʯȥھҪпʯʱ΢΢һشӰӣǧ߰ٽĿ˲ʯϡ
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ҶаԾնȻЧܹٽʯɰҪĲСʮ¾ͰĹ⡣ҪָͣٶҲٱȵĴҪ
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ͷ󺺿Ҷɻٶȱٿɴϲ
ɻɻһһʯӶǣɲ͵ģ˭б¸һҲһܼӹǮ
󺺳ԺڳԾǴ


37 ż
ڹͷĴߴ£Ƿ׷׿ʼɻԺ
ԺƫƧһǣɻǿ׳ߣŭţʱҶĿ⣬ǿҵĵ⡣
С治ذզŪôһһ˸˵ĻⲻǷЩɫôЩԵúܣ
һһߴſʯߵ
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Χ۵һʮߣԾæȰԵǹشֻж̨д򶷣طϽŹڳ¶Ź˭϶ҪϳɳȥҸһϵٸɵҲ˳ۣӶù
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Եȡɵ롣ֻһ£ɻ
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Сӣܴ󣡡
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߰ɣȥСӶֻһߣҲ̫иˣ
Сڣǽɢȥ


38 Ԫ
ϣҶƣصСջ
շ飬ߣȴΡԵ۴ֻɳǸɻǮߣĸԸġ
ҪܲȥݴСȣ࣬׹ȵٻȥˣαС
Եڻ࣬ߵԵֿɼ˵һԵ󱬷һͻھŲ㣬Ϊ֮ϵߡ
˭Ը뿪
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һԪ񣬻ƶһС΢ţѨʶ֮зƶţޱȵĻϲȸԾ
ڿԿڰʶڿԿԼԶˣоΧ
һԼԼԪ棬һܵܵĺӡǡҲ֪ʲô
Ԫ񣡣
ؼһ
Ҷϲʧ˳
׷ˣߣǶĿᡢζƤʶȥ֪硣̫Сʶڣʱ޷֪硣
ߵͨҪǿҲֻ࣬ǿʶ
ҶѾԪʶΪǿʶһ΢ʶҲʶǿ̫ࡣԪ֮ʶȡͻƳķΧ쵽Լܱߵ磬ͻĿζľޣֱܹӸ֪硣
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Ӧڵһʼ׶ΡҵԪ̫ǿӦûܹ֪Զĵط
ҶͻԪ˷һϡ
֪ɫ


39 룬ʦ
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ڸոյԪѧᶯʶȥ̽磬кܶණûüȥĥһɸŻãһ뵽СŹǮӣǵϹȥǡ
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ǳಲѾֽűĿ¶̿֡ղŻڳԣвҪҶߣ֪ҶԺôʰֻͬĶʸߣҲо塣

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40 ɸ
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Ҷҡҡͷޱ飬뿪Сǵһǲἳȡѵ
ಲ󺺺ߣǻǵĳ𣬻ǲǣ

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ҶصԼķ䣬鿴
ƪƷԷ߷𣬴ۻʯԭϣʽͼֽƳ
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ҶŻǰ̿
ڹŻϣעŻ֮У뿴ʲô仯
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ԭһ߿߳ĹŻһһСȻҡҡλεĸƮһȻɸͼҶǰչ
ܲٿ⡶ɸŻᷨˣڱ´ԺõɸŻζܲٿ
Ҷ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ


41 С
ҶĻϲԷעŻڣٿšɸŻḡգС
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Ҷɸ죬Ԫವһ·ɵϡ
С֫վɵĶҶʲôȴʲô벻һָоǰƿɵ޷Υ־
ıܣκһҲ޷Υ־
С꾯ʵ㿪ɸ졭
ҶĴͷСꡣ
Ե˽һ£ڽֵϼٵӵԼޣ͵İ׻ýǡܡӥȵȣЩǰ޵ΪҡУ޵ʱ򣬱㽫޴޸֮䣬ϵΪܡ
ҶʿӵޣҲʹʯ𺳡Ľ֮У޶áһдʵʯˣҲȥ߲һͷ޻š
ɸڵĺᶯ˵ССĳһ˵̫ϡˣǵһμ
ͷС껹˵ˣλǰѱ谡ôܽɸϣ
Ҷʵ
˭ΪʲôҸо϶Ϣ
СľԼߡ
ҶԵǵһߡɸҵڣעҵķҵʶʹɸȻˣͷСģ˭
ҶЦ
Ҳ֪ģֻ֪ҽС࣡
СԺҡͷ
Ȼ֣Ǻɫ꣬С࣡ĸСá
Ҷԣ̲סǺǴЦ˳
ͽС࣡һС࣬ΪʲôҪҸܸģ
Сצ¶ŭ֮ɫ
У㰮ʲôͽʲô˵㻹֪ɸʲô
Ҷæ֡


42 
СҶû֮£СצӣŵԴܼ𣬱Ǵɸ飬޷뿪ɸҲδˡУǰЩӾвҩƾճڵϵҩɸٵΪɵһ壬ɵұһұ˯ȥ
ҩ
Ҷĥһ£С˵ĲҩӦþǰʱŽõĴѪҩ
ҶʵûƳɸߣ
ûڵ֮⣬һûˡ
С֣ͬ룬˵Ҳԣ⵺зݣӦ˭ģֻҲ֪
ɵܸЩʲô
Ҷһ£һؼ⡣
СɸҸɸƷһ顣һĶҩԣֳֻͽҩ󣬿ƶ鵤ֻĵͽޡȻˣиԪɸҲƷɵϻвٵĿյأܽĽɸƷֱӵĹϵ
ô֪ôʲô֪
Ҷ
飬ɸһ塣ɸʲôҵȻ֪
Сûã˲ڵʱ˿ɸУҪֻұˣΪԿɸܰѻˡȻˣɸҪûʲôɲˡ
Ŷ
Ҷ˵ͷ׹
ҶԪɵһȦĴۿ˽ɸ
ҩԡ
һĶҩԣʲôҩ֣
ҩȡֻҪõ㹻ˣĺܿ졣ֻĶҩԵȽ׺ܵͣϡֻһ׵׵ҩٸ߽׵ҩ޷ҩҪ
Ŷ
ҶһСľݡ
Сľϣдšɸ֡
ҶһСľݵŴ򿪣ɸСľݿһ¡ǲδʲô֮
С࣬ľʲô𣿡
ҲСľʲôɸס֮أԽȥҽȥ
Ҷɵϵһȴתһ¡
Ǻܵͽ׵ĽʩЩª


ڣһĽͭ¯һС硣
ͭһƷܵ͡԰ɸõġ֮ǰɸƷɸģ޷ɸǿ
ô
Ҫͼֽʯԭϣ
Ҷͼֽʮʯϸɰսɸ֮Сദ
Сɿ쿴һ¡ͼֽһԪʶһɨܰĴݿ꣬ʮֿ١
С࿪ʼ
ҶһԿţۿСԼȻɸʡȥٵĹ
Сവһ¯µСȼȻСȴȣ¯յͨ졣
Сһݴʯϸɰϣ©һİϸɰ¯ڡ
׹¯ڵϸɰʼȵĻ£ۻҺ塣ǰѴʯϸɰȫͻ˽ʱʱ䡣
Сఴͼֽһָ¯ڵҺҺһ״ȴ˽һĹһͽʽͼֽϵһģһ
СͬʱɸĹâҲʼɸķ
Ҷ龪ȣСôѧһĿš
ȴ֮
ҶϸһȴЩʧҡͷʮϸܵơͼֽ˵ϸѷԽ࣬;ñ㼫ͣǳ׶ѡһڷƷû˻򡣡
С۶ʱһ죬һ鵶ȻѵĳɹʱͲߡ¯ƷҲͣɹʲһɣʮϾűҲһҲ
¹ͣûа취𣿡
աϵڵˮƽֻ൱һͯӣҪɹʣȵҳΪѧͽĳɹ΢һ㣬ɹʴﵽң
ҶЩһƷ˵ҵʮݿʯԭ϶޽ġɶܻǮϣÿһҲܵõһʯĹǮҪɵĻҾҪǷ±˵ծ
СʱչЦƷԻ¯·ֽΪɹʺܵͣһɣظ
Ʒֽܷ⣿
ҶĿʱһ
СȻʯԭϲⲻҩһƷ޷ˡֽҪĴ
ãʮԭϣ
Ҷ뵽Լ˹Ǯ˽ɷ⣬ʯʣ࣬һЩġʯӦ֧һʱ䡣
ɸ¯ƷͣСˮƽҲͯӡûֻ̫ҪܱˡСΪѧͽܿʼǮˡ


43 ʯѹ
Ҷɸ֮󣬽£ɳǿջڣķɸڣάɸ
Ҷոմﵽһ㣬ڵķС
ڣƵͽ׵ĵķ̫ͨԻָ
СɸƳϸɰۻͼֽơ
Сַʼ죬һԼҪķʱϡ΢֮ʱ̵ʱʱ
ֻΪҶɸķ̫ɸٶȣһ춥һĹзҶָܻ
ϧɹ̫ͣһɣļǷƷ
ҶЦҲΡ
ʮ죬СһʮȫѺ۵ķƷ鵶Ҫ֪ϸ鵶ûκѺ۵ġ
ϵʧܣСˡȻ飬쳣ĽʧܡɹѾԽԽӽ鵶ϵѺԭʮѾ½ֻ
ҶСཫЩƷ¯ֽ⣬鵶
Ϊˣһʯʹѡ
˵ʮƵʱСƳһûѺ۵ĺϸ
ȻҶȵǣŵʮʱСٴƳɹһɹʿʼ
Ҷһܹˡ
СĳɹѾңʮɹǿܹҪʯҪõ
ҶϸһԼ棬ɰҡͷ
ְҵѣҪͶ룬һʱºѼЧҪʯҲҪԺ󡣵ȵн϶룬ǿһԺˡ
֮Уһΰ¾͹ȥˣԪ޴
ȥʲôʱΪ˷ʱ䵢ȥ
˵ְҵֻʯһֶζѡʲô취ʯʲô취һΪɣ
ҵɸڣҩԡĸõĽ֮⣬ҿ;ҩܾ֮࣬ܲʯҩΪ
ҶһֽȸС
ڱ´Ժʮֽ꣬ȸмȹÿһաڱ´Ժʵζŵλ£Ȼ⵽˵ۺ䳰ȷҲҷ䡣
ȻΪһһߣλҲֻ߶ѡɳǵڶ֮У׵ʵܺκʵߵ߷ͻ롣

գҶԸ˷ʱ䣬СջѾƺõǰС
ʱ䣬ϺѾᵽ빤طջסŮߺ⣬Խʡ⡣ÿæŸɻǮʱҲæûжʱһл
Ҷûкͬסʡ뷨һ˶סһ˵᷿
ҶϵС鵶㿴һƷǷϸ񣡡
ôˣ
ԾĽӹϸһ¶߳ĵ溮˿Ӱâ¶ûκѺۡ
֮Щ𾪵̧ͷҶʧʮݿʯԭϸ鵶ôܣ
ΪʦҵϤˡ
ոսҵߣ֮ΪͯӣʲôҪʦѧÿذܣǰҪĲͶ룬ԭϣ顣ʱΪͶڣûκ档
ͯӸʦѧһʱ䣬Ϊѧͽʦ֡ȻѧͽҲǳɹʺܵ͡ʱͶС
ֻнΪʦܶڷԡ
ʮ꣬ųΪһʦά洫С
Ԥ֮УҶڻһͯӣѧͽǣʮݲϿ϶ȫĹҲһϸ
һҶǷծʮʯòʱծǩꡢʮõԼСƴǮծ
е鵶֪ˡ
鵶ƷûɣûĻ֮ǰǷݶ壬񡣡
ҶЦ
ɵĲû⣬һʶˣ
İ֮ɫһʧʽҲûˬЦҶϵܿ츳˵һճΪʦԺͰǩҪԭҵãҲУҲУ֮ҵĵۣǷˡҪҪҰһʵĿʯԭϸ㣿
˴£ϢհɡɫЩҵɳǵҹе̯һߣɳǵ֣ûкöǣ
ҶЦûżȥǩһ
ҲãɳǵҹΪ֣ҶϵܺúϢһ£


44 ɳҹ
Եǣķ嶥ƶ֮ϣһҹɳǡ
֮ǹ貣ϳڴСԵ¥Ƶƣƻͨǳءæµһߺǣ׷ͷɢģھ¥ɸֵ֣ȺԽԵõ֡

ʦ˵յִôˣû
֣֮ɳǳſڴš
ɳǵĳţʮʿųšۼŲԵǵߣа̯֮ҲΪ֡
֣֮żʱԶԶһһͷɫҹɫ֮ɳǷɱ
ʦ
֣֮һߣʱϲӭȥ
߲Ǳˣʦ֣Դ˲ߡ
֮ͽɳǴϰ߰ɣ
֣ԴɳſڣɫЦݣһ֣֮ɵұӿտգŭʧɫͽֱôˣ˭㣿ɶΪʦǵɱɣ
֣֮һұۿӣ뵽ϱ֮𣬲ɺͽɳǵ·ϱ乫ļ߿ˡû£ʱ޿ڰǰѾԪ񣬳Ϊһߣ»ûüʦǳ飬ʦģ
Ԫ񣿣ãͽ̤;Ϊʦ˵ǱһǰܳΪߡ֣ԴһŭӣתΪϲΪʦ˴ɳǣҪһ˽šȻԼΪʦ㲻ڴ˵ضයˡ
˵ţ˳Žɳڡ
ʿֻǲ̽Ƕһۣߣˡ
ʦһЩϲ飬ص֮ϻ᲻ᱨ㣿
֣֮ɵǵ
һλ洫ӣҡ˸Ѿ鷳֮СΪʦ˴λȥȻа취ӦԣⲻֻΪʦܴȥš
֣Դ˵˴ЩΪһЩݵĳ£Դ֣֮ȥš
ͽɳһֻܿԼˣڼȡԼʵսšΪʦһǧʯЩģڸ㣬ܰӿ
֣Դóһʯӣ֣֮ɡ
֣֮ɶʱϲӹʯ
һǧʯɲһСĿʿҪſʵʯ
֣֮æлʦɳһȫ˳֮ȡհšɫߣźͰеġ
֣ԴοͷΪʦԵɳҲύ˼λѡһ£ύλӵܣ԰һæ㱨𡣲ɳڶ֣鷳ΪʦȻؽŴҪ¡
ʦ
֣֣֮ԴɳǵĹ̨Ŀ֣Դɺ׷ɳ֮ϲĴ֣Դһǧʯ󲽵ȥɹƷ
ʱɰˣʯʲôˡòСڸһɴӻѿôһʯý⣬߼һߣܵļҪѪڴʯ֣ʲôʲôˡ

ɳڣĳСջ
Ϻ˲ҩ֮ڴѪڣԴԴϵѪѪս
һĶʯ˼ƷõĲҩõѪҩõҩԼǮˣһʯ򵽺öꡣ
ԵǲĲҩƷֺ͵ζҪԶԶĲҩԵֻҪõٶȻǺܿġ
ͻھŲˣŲ۷廹һξ롣
ϺĿһâ¶ĹâһҪΪߣΪʮϼĵһߣ

Ҷ֮ɳߣۿСԵҹе̯
ҶԵѾһ£˵һɳǵʱۻһ֮⣬ҲûϾڽͷй䡣ѵùһɳǵҹС
ĵͽ׹ţֻҪʮʯ
ôûи˵ķţ
⻹ӹ˵һŷˣҪȥˮ֡Ǯδ򵽣
ֵͽԪԪڳʿΪѵҩһֻһʯһСƿʮһʮһֻʮʯ
Ҷּ̯ۻۣҲ岻Ͽڡ
ɬ
ɸ˰£δһʯȥһ顣
ʱֻһʯ
һʯܹʲôһᷨſ϶ͼԪҲֻһһҲ͹һãһ¾ûˡ
ҶЦһš
ֵĽֵ̯Уʲô
š鵤иָ沶׽ޡ
ҶָԵһ㣬һٿʯŸոչһҪüķһ׵͵ķװ⻹ҪԪʯˮһ죬ʯȴûӰӡ


45 ŭ
ҶɳǽֵĴ̯ϣ̽顣
ɸĿǰֻҩԡãܹǮҵΧҲĸ档ѾųСˮ׼еͣټڿٿʯ
ʣµֻҩ⼸취Կǡ
ϰ壬֥ļǮǶ٣
Ҷһרҩĵ̯ʮҩͣʼۡ
Ƕʮݵĺ֥һҩʯһꡣҪĻһٱһ㡣ҩǴϼĻҵҩɳǿǺպĻɫһ
̯
ǣ֥ǶǮһ
ҶĿһԵĺ֥ϣʵӡ
ӱˣʮһʯֲУһҲûáɳΧһϵҩԣڶĴɼռˣû֡Ҳǰݺţճɲá
̯ҶһۣЦС翴Ӧɳǵ˰ɣûǱԼҩ⡣ҩҪʮ꣬˼ҶǼӪǰ˺աСҩµöãҪֳɵҩ
Լſ£Ҳͼʣֻһ֥ӣʯһв
ҶһЦ
ѯҩӵļǮĥţҩмнʮɸҩҩɳٶȺܿ죬öٹջ
һӻȥһ£еĻٶһ㡣
һⲻǮʯҲá
̯ʱΪѡ
Ҷһʯ
ҶԼʣµΨһһʯó飬һʯʮ֮ҽ̯ʣµʯԼš
ɰɣ
С̯ʯһʯʮ֮ռһˣҲûٶ˵ʲôʯѼƼۣ޷ͨ߻ʯ䷨ʯԼûЩôġ
Ҷһ֥ӡµǿʯ׼ɸֺ֥
Ҷһ֮Žֵ̯䣬鵤и޵ļǮ

Щʲôأõ鵤š齣ףһұ˻Щȥ
֣֣֮Դʯɳǽֵϣ鼤ЩҪЩʲôɳǹһµƶӣһ²һʯͻȻһһǧʯһҹʲôʲôĸоˬ
ͻȻ֣֮ɵĿ΢΢һ鴤
ǰȺ֮һǳϤǳʹ޵Ӱˮԭĺ£ұ۵СߣҲñˣߣѵҪһС߲ɣ
Եڽֹɱе
ֹֹ֮֮䶷
һΥءǾ档һˣɳٽͨץ̡
һ⣬ߺ֮䷢˳ͻôһŭ֮ɱߣһʯ⵽֮ͨͷɳǣߵǲ˿Ƶģÿһ߶ߡ
֣֮ҹű𣬶ɳǵĹ˽һͻߵʱ뱨ˣֻҲҶ˶ѡ
Ҷ
֣֮ŭĿȣְڽǳȥҲܻ⵽ʯȱѪ˵
Ҷڿ̯ϻͻȻеһɴǿҵɱɨԼȻס
֣֮ɣ
ҶĿһţ֣֮ɵʶɾȡȻûڳɱ˵ͷֻǰ˱ĵϣʱ׼Էⷢ
ߣôܣһСߣôͻһ㣿
֣֮ͬҶʶһʱҶ֮ɲסŲۿҪγĽûܰγߣɱ˵Ҳ٣ϴʯҲˡߣȫ֣ͬԴڳڶ֣ǻԼǰ̡
°ܽͻھ磬ôͲܣ
Ҷ
һ֧СӵɳֵŻɱ֣֮ɺҶһۣ˾ζ뿪ֻҪûҲû⹦֮顣
֣֮üͷֲŽ
ҲʲôһСƽڱ´ԺһãҲԵɣһգɳǱûĳͷ֮գҿ㻹ǾɳǹĺãлᱣסһС
֣֮䳰ȷ
Ҷ֪Ҳһûй֣֮ɣˣתߡҪ˽ⷻеҩ飬ûôʱȥ˷ڶáϡ
ϰ壬һƿͽôʯ
Ҷ̯һƿ鵤ɳ̯ʵ
һһʯһƿʮʯСֵҪҪһƿ
̯Ц
ž
֣֮ɲ߹ʮʯڵ̯ϡ
ϰ壬ʮʯƿ鵤ҪˣСطһʯһֲʯ鵤
֣֮ɶʯƿ鵤дˬ䳰ȷŰɡ
Ҷ䳰ȷͷ
̣
ûʯ뷢ҲС
Ҷת̯ȥ


46 Сջ
Ҷһλеͽ׷š鵶齣ĵ̯ѯ̯Ǯ
֣֮ɲĸں棬ʯдʯôҾôҵĸоһ԰εĿСԱ߻һһʯòļһֿиǼӱ
ԵǣҲΪߵͣͬʿУʯĲǴүʲô츳ʲôʣûʯܸʲô
֣֮ĿҶаˬСΪΪ´ԺͷΪ乫ɳǣΪͻƿһԾɸ߸ϵˣûɳ֮ײĵͼСɫһӸɿķݣҪǣñǶϱ֮·Ͽö࿴һۡ
Ҷӵ̯һݡˮţҪѯʡ
ž
ʮʯⱾҪˡ
֣֮˦ֱһʯֱӰҶĻ»ȥˡ
̯ϵĻٶбۣʼֻ뿴ܼܲۡ
Ҷˣһס
ž
ˣʮʯҪˣ
ֽ֣֮һѵʯڵ̯ϡ
һСĹ֣֮ɴҲһ£һٿʯ֮
Ҷ֣֮ɵİˣͷһնȥʡǰȥ
̣
ҶĬתһ޵̯ǰʵϰ壬ͷ黢ô
֣֮Ҫѵʯ£Ƴһ۸ۣ߱ʮʯɫʱ΢΢һ䣬סʯĳ嶯Ǯȫʯķ֮һ
ף֣ôˣ
Ҷû֣֮ɼʯˡ
浱ǿӰ
֣֮üͷһͷһ䣬һмЦһͷòţαؼ򣡲㵹ɳһʲôǮʮϰٿʯһǳСʿһʯʲôҲԵҲһɿķݣ絽ҸСʦһ˵ƭˣαɳǲأ
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ҶЩˬͻȻ뵽ʲôеһöѪǽָȡһĵ̯ϰ壬㿴öѪǽֵָöʯ
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УãҲãҾͱ˵
Ҷ̰ѪǽָС̯˶ʯ
ҶеʯһЦ׼ʯʯɳǶס£ԭȻûʯȥⷿӣֻȻ뿪ɳǣ޾֮·
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֣֮ɫʱѿҪȿһܡ
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ڱҶȥⷿӣƤɳǲˡ
С֪Ķ֣뿪ɳˡûɳǵıһûûһߣʲôǣǿ١
ƣһӱɳǣ㣡
֣֮һݻתߡ
ҶʼմЦ֣֮ȥɫŽ
֣֮Ҳߣһ⡣һھŲ۷ߣͻƽҲûʲôСֵġ
ȵǣ֣֮оȻдʯ
֣֮ɵôʯ
ѵǹʦ֣Դģʦû֣֮ɻΪɽ֣Դˡ
֣֮ʲôʲôʯĿӦòٿһЩȻҲǧĴĿ֣֮ɸղŻԥһͷװ׻ںٶıۣ
ղ޵ļǮʵҲ֣֮̽джʯ
һʿ˵ٿʯѾǾ˵Ŀζ֣֮ɸҪȥʯȫķϣٶȣ϶ܿ죡
Ҷüͷа

뾡ʯС֣֮һռȻ죬Ҫ׷Ͼˣ
Ҷڽֵϵ飬ź֥ӣʯ˳ϵСջ
ʱʵࡣ
似ġԾлԾնĳɹʣʼҪϺһ㡣ΪϺ˰꣬ͬÿ޿ûһиϺһеͱ߳һߡ
ҶйĽѵɸҲ˿иץĻ֣֮Ҳƾ֣ԴĴʯȳǰ档
һպɳϣԼʵãǾ͵ùˡ
ҶصСջľ˨Ϸš
Ҷ΢΢һſڣһɸŻ³
Żâ䡣
ҶѾշ硣蹬ʶڿɻΪһɸ죬ָΪһŻʮַ㡣
Ҷ֥ӣɸڣɸһĶҩϡ
ʯ
ȻҶʯԼʯɸ֮УʯתΪɸ
ҩڣ֥ӿʼɳ۰ɫֱ󣬷ɫ
ɲײҩɽݣյҲࡣ
֥˲һʯ֮Եʮ㣬ʺԲ󡣳֥Χʼµӡ
Ҷһº֥ݣĴԼʮݣʯļǮ
һҡΣݴҩ˳һʮݵĺ֥С
ҶӼҩֵõһʮݺ֥һ֥ʮݱֹͣʯڵѾĹˣ꣬ӦʮĿʯҩҩȻǮ죡


47 ڵ̯
ҶɸŻջڣͷϵ֥ݣٴγţҪ֥ȥʯ
Ҫ֥Ҳ£ڽֵһҪҪһδҪҲ±ҩƭӣҩ·
ɳڣҪصĿȥ̸ۣ˵ֱڽͷڵ̯ӽͷ·ߣȻ
Ҷͷͽ׺ֵ֥ʮʯֵ͵Ȼѡڵ̯
ɳڴСʮֵҶһĽֵϣһڵһ̰ڵ̯֥棬ݷֱʯʯĿʯȻϯض۰Ͱ͵·ˣǰ
Ȼڱ´Ժɹʮۻǰڵ̯̣Ҷ⻹ͷһأ޾顣ߺȶᣬ̷һСУˡ
ֻ֥Ҳ̫˰ɣһ¯Ҫʮҩģ㹻ʲôһɨһۣҡͷ߹
̫ǳɫҪǶʯһҾˡһߵֻǿڱ㿳һļǮ
ʲôЦǶʮݵĺ̷֥ĻʯʯߣҲ飡
Ҷһۡ
ˣʲô߲мĴҡڶȥ

ҶСʱΪΡ
Сʱ˲࣬ʼ۵޼
ҩķӵͦãʱдѵҩȥ
ҶĥšԼĻ̫٣ûļǮ̷ָһ˶ɨһ۾ˡ
ǽۣҪ֥ȥס
ҶڵŸýٲźãͻȻǰһߴӰס˹ߡ
Ҷ̧ͷһ׶ıδ󺺣һɫ˫ֱڵ̯ǰһΧüĿĿҲʼֻۣǿзЦĵ
δ̯ǰһվɷҲûԸ⿿һҪµӣ·˭ҲԸû¡
ǵҵ⣬ʲô
ҶһǾͲǴҩˣüʵ
󺺣ߺߵʵʵǿΪʵĻ׳ٶҲٴ󺺶ʿΪߡ
ߣСӣ˵Ǹʲô˭ϰ̯ҩģ
һδ䳰
Ҷһ׹Ȼˡ
ΪʲôҲҩ
Ҷ졣
Сİɣأ֣ǰҩеĵ̣Ҫϰ̯ҩ۰ҩн˵ǴҩнһͲǣ̯
Ϊ׵ǳ
ĸطдǰҩеĵ̣ҪҶ֣ɳѲҲǳԸɷģǵһԣ
Ҷʱŭˣվ
ѽͦ󰡣Ѳ߶Ӳ¡˵ۿûܶŹǼվ˭ҩģүүͿ˭ҵҰҩУ
һһ£ŭ
С磬λϢŭ
Ա߼ҩһҶδҪֵϵǷ׷ױܿԸ⿿϶Ӱ쵽ǵҩ⣬æȰ
λСһˣϰҩеĹءλ˵˵ˣ
λСֵܣ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣͷҲҩûҪΪСǮҩСϵⶼǰҩеġҸҩ̰⼸ҩͼ˱ǡ
Щ̷ǴӰ׼ҩнĻ
ҩӺȰ
Ҷͷŭŭû취⼸ҩеıδ󺺵⣬̯ûȥˣȥҲ˷ʱ䡣ҩ¢һϵҩ⣬ƴƴҲܿ⡣
Ҷ˵̯
Ǽ뿪
Ҷһΰ̯⣬޹ա
ҲչɢҩĵˣǼǮҪϵĵ͡һ֥ʯչɢҩֻĿʯҪͶɵĳɣѹѹ
Ҷͷȱʯֻ֥ܽɢҩˣʮһʯ
ʯԶԶһõķŶҪʮϵʯüȥʯ
˽ѵҶѧˡ
ҩķӴҩе
Եǵҩһ̶Դ
ɳΧҩԣɳǵĴɼšҩԴЩɼšһ㶼ǵͽҩġ
ݾŴŵҩԣģӴ󣬶Ʒ׺ܸߡŴŵҩٻԵǣһ㶼ǹӦŴŵʹáֻĸ߽ҩģŵӴɳǳۡ
󣬻ɢҩɽɽ֮вժ࣬ǳӣͽ׺͸߽׵ĶСõģժһ꺱ҩǾͷˡ
ҶЩ֮󣬿ʼҩ
ܳɸҩȻ
гͻȻҩ϶̱ɳǸҩɼϣڸ̯ᱻҩе˶ϣҪ˵
ԼģҲɢҩġҪ٣Ҫӡ
ԺżҲҪһ˳ǣȻҩһ㱻ҩĵɼע⵽ˣҲΪǴɽժҰҩ뷨
֮С޴
ҶЩڵ̯Ϲֱ˵ҩӡ
صСջ֮ÿһҩֻɸҩһ꣬Ҳ̫ߡһʯһ֮꣬ʯϡ
Ҷֳʮҩ֮ɳʮֵͬطֱ̯ҩ̷ֻҪ۱ϵͶɣҩķǺչЩɢҩġ

ҶæµһϣͷϵҩʱЪ֣ڿջһԼʯɴϲ
æµһʮʯ̫ˣ
ʯ䲻࣬ǹһᷨ㹻ˡˣ
ϵġֻҪʮʯҲֻҪʮʯҪ磬֣֮һء鵶֮࣬ҿҲ
Ҷ뿪ջ˳ǰȥõķš


48 
ôû򰡣Ҷ˿ˡ
峿ĽֵϣһŮ˫°ͣϥڵϣĿŵ̯ĵֻ̯ıţҶͽ׵ķ
Ҫţ
ŮͻȻ̯ǰһӰɾϲ̧ͷֻһʮɬʿվڵ̯ǰƳۣͣ
ţǮһ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
һûб˵ķš̯ϵķű۲̷١֮С̯ͣ뵽֮ǰԼľ֥Сûȥ
Ա˵㣬ⱾԭʮҾſʯ㣬Ȿԭ۶ʮʮ˿ʯ㣬̡ۡҲԱ˵㡣Ҫһ
Ůæͷص̯صͷˣһ㾡ȥ
ɣ
Ҷӻͳʮ߿ʯᷨ
ɽᷨպðǻҪţңҽס֣Ҽǿ̵ģҾ̯ԼСǮ
Ůϲ˶ʮ߿ʯ
Ŷ
Ҷÿɷĵ˵ͷ
ӹš
ƺĳƳɣǱӲǡ
Ҷеһһûκֻ֡һССĻ״ͼͼƣɢ΢Ĺâ
Ϊʲôֻ֣һͼôѧ
Ҷʱɵˡ
ϰ䣬ЩſɶдġһֱΪɽķҲ֡ǰСͼƣ㶡
ûм峤̹ôѧ𣿡㲻ǸԵǰɣ
ŮҲȡ
ǴݵһСģɳûá
Ҷͷ
ô˵ʲôˣɽˣ£ҺôҲѧһŷû£㡣ǡӡְȥˣѧܷ㡣һԣ
ŮԵ÷ǳˡ
Ҷһ¡еⶫһ֪ЩĻ᲻ϵƭɳǴ֣Ӧòֹ컯֮ıƺ顣ǰŮҲƭӡ
Ҷŵӣڡ水һ¡
ϵС򡮷ӡγһ΢Ļţڷ˳
ڿһ
ҶĿһĻ
СâһȻҶ
Ҷһ̫죬ܣС򡮷ӡವĽڣʧˡҶͷ˿ؿڣûκκۼ
ˣ㿴ԪⷨӡԪıϣֻҪӡͷųСˡ
ŮһЦ
ҶһԼ蹬ڵԪȥֻԼԪϣһСӡʶ΢΢һдС̺ص
Ҷм
ѧˡ
ѧ˷ڲߡҪȻֻᡶԾһҲû
ҶûͷСһɳǵѲ߶ˡ
лָ㣡
ҶŮһл鼱ȵת뿪ոѧᷨеıһ·Ÿȥʩչѧķڿ²㣬ڳ⡭֪ȫ
ȵȰһû˵ء
ҶҪߣæĵ̯ˣʣҲˣ
ôˣ
Ҷͷɻ
һɳǵˣʲôҵŵķϣҽ̽ôҴȥһءǸطרŸʿõģв
Ц
ҲãŲ֪ȥڳʲôط
Ҷͷ
ڲԶҼŵ̵Աߡˣʲôְ

ҽҶ
طܽҶֵβһԺǰ
Ժڴڶ෨ը
ҶһСԺԱһӡȻϣҿģ
԰ϼĲҵҼӪţΪ˷ʿ˳һ𿪵ġ
ɿͷ
Ժſһ߿ء
ֱӴҶԺڡ
λǡ
߿ҶһۣЦʵ
壬ҸսʶѣһСģҵš¾Ͳĳطˣ
Ц
ɣȻǾһµĳطáСӣȥɣ
ٴδҶһ£ҶȴһŴ磬΢ɼһü
ҶԺڣȴסЩʿɺײԵɺϲŽɳǣûҵûӹӹµµһӡţһ׽㡣ҿǼ࣬ôҲƼС㣬ٸЩͨʿΪá
㶼Ҫһ飬䶼ˡæɣȥкˡ
Ů죬첽Ժڶȥ


49 
Ҷע⵽ǿŵ΢ɼü֪ǶԼʲôֻûҪüʲô
ȽƼڡ
ԺнʮĶСվŲѻŮߣԼʮ֮࣬򣬱ˮ֮࣬ڶ࣬һ㡣
ԺڻһЩССĺɫϣ䵱õİӡ
Ҷһ֪ʯƳɵϣʵطǳӲ
Ƿĸַȥ
˵꣬ŽԺӡ
С㣡
ԺڵĲʿĳк
ô˰пдһ·һ΢ֵʿЦҶ˼ۣһҶŴ磬һûж⡣
ϣһȥ
˴кȻ첽ҶߣЦ԰ɣǵͽأһ㵽ʿԽѣԺ󻹿Ըд跨
ﳡͦġ
Ҷ΢΢ͷӦаһ䣬д֮ˣʢ¶ˡڱ´ԺСİԪˣڱ´ɽһ鷳黹Ǿ⡣
Ⱥָ֮һ£ˣǱߵļƼѵʿûУķָҪշѲŻָ㡣ʵҲûҪԩǮͽ׷Ƚףһ㶼Լд衣ʲôֱңҿ϶㣡
Ϊ⡣
ҲŸһ꣬ǸˡҶλʲôǰʸߡ̵һˣرӡ
ҶһǼʿָ˵ͷ

Ҷףߴߴ˵һѣôʩչôҶ֮뿪ʿд
ҶһЦһû˵λãʩչ
Ԫųʶ򡮻ӡ
ʶһӡӡ΢΢һ¡
Ҷһֺĸоһɷӿ˳
Ŀʼ΢΢ȣԽԽȡ

һ΢С磬Ϸ֮
Ҷ䷨һ֮С翪ʼ󣬳ΪһöСĻ
ˣ
ҶϲϷС
ȻС¶ȴǼߡ
ҶߣܵȣĶ̡
ʶٿء
ȥ
ҶҵʶһСǰ˳ȥʮ֮ŵһ
СҡҡλΣٶȻķ˳ȥ˲Զ׹ɳϡ
Сۣ𣬽ϵһСƬɳʯյͨ졣
ʧˣʶûܲٿغС򹥻ʮ򣬲ʩɹ
Ҷ΢΢ա
ԶŮʿĹЦСǴ˰һС򶼲ݲãӣӦǴδӴСҪ˲䷢ٺķ˰㹦򣬵ĻųܵĲӰˡ˵ĻѾָˡ
Ҷ΢죬š
ûжپɥϸһ¸ղŵĲݣȻͷһС
Ͳһ͵飬ɲţһʼͺǸһġ
ʱ֮
ҶͷʮСÿһСĴСһԶҲͬ
ҲһЩ
ŲһʿʵĲ࣬ô޴󡣡
Ծնǧ߰ٽĿһ԰һһ߿նŵδرһСһߺһһʿȶ˭˭˵
Ĺ̫ˣҵԶֻܹһɡʿĻ򣬿ɹʮԶ߻ûȿߣѾɵ˹Զ빥ߣʹõǹ߸޷Զս
У߲ǿյķ࣬򡢱֮֡෨ֻҪѧϼšȫûлʤ
ҶĥԱСͻԾĲ
ոսһ㣬ڵķǳޡ
ʮѾķľһա
ҶֻܴһöʯĻָȷָټСʯָһְ취Ҷڽֵ̯ϣָĵͽơ¶˵ģҲҪüʯҲû


50 ȫ
ڵķֻʩչʮλ򣬱㷨ĽߣҪʯָȫָҪһʱʱ䡣һ󲿷ʱ䶼˷˴ϣʩչûкĶʱ䡣
Ҷַ̫ЩԽʼĥβܾЧ
֪һƿͽָ
ҶЩա
ǽҲֻˡ
ʱһΣҶ̸ʳʶ̣ûʲôҪæġ
ҶӦ䵭
ȻֻԺãԹۣвɳӵܶǳкøУֻҪһ֣žĿ⳯
ֻȫԴ׵ȥ
ҶҲõ沵ģֻĻǸ⣬һûһ䵭Ӧ
һеûȤܱȥˡ
Ҷеѹһᣬרڷ
ͻȻԺڳ
ʦ֣οǧٰˡٰһɾǰˡ
Ԭʦ֣ζд裬һҪſ
ԺԭɢԷʮߣȻΧ۳һȦл˵֣˷ܼƼҵļʿָҲһԹۿδֹ
ҶͣվȺΧ
ڴȦмģʿŶԷ׼֡ΧʿǶڸ˵֣޲̶ҲһΪ졣
ɳǵĹزǽֹ߶ֻж̨д衣ôԴ򶷣
ҶһĻɳԱһӲߵʿʵ
ɳڵĶ̨ɸΪȥĵطĵͽʿȥҲȡ裬ᱻΧ۵̨ƼҵԺڣƼҵʿָ￴ӣֻд裬˼ˣԱȶһҲ޷ֻҪ£ڵ顣
СʿɴЦ
ˣǽİɣҲã԰Ǵ¹СɢޡҵҲ¹һɢޣȥˡǣ
ҽҶӺԶСɳǵʿ㸸Ӷߣǲһɼ壿
ҶͷЦ
㣬ҼɼԶĺܡҶֻСɢޣԺģһ붼ǸһҪôǴӸģҪôСʿ˼ӵܡ
԰ҡͷȦڵʿĽһСɼҲʮߣԼҵĲҵλݡԬʦ֣ǲɼӡʦּӵʮ⡣ԬʦּǿҩġϼҲɼ壬мҵ
ʦֺԬʦ˵Ҳдʮೡˣû˴ϣΪ׷ʦ㡣˶óʦû˼ƫƫҪһ
԰üŪۣ˷˵ֵλԬ飬΢һЩʦ֣ڶ㡣
ҶĿɨֵȺм䡣
ʿѾʩչʼ
ΧʿʮΧۣȲʡ
ģ㶷ҵģĻҵķп죡ٴʮһҪҴſ¡
ԬЦָ˲һɫָˣָǰһ
ಡ
ָϵɫΪһ糤ɫâ
ڣ
ѿգ΢Хٶȿš
ޣҴסᣬſµֻ㡣
ֿһŻδȡƣŭĿԬĶһɫæеĻ˳ȥ
䣡
ٶ̫죬һŸպڰбըɢΪһƬ档
ݼæܻ档
һ㡢ʿķʮʹ
Χ۵ʿǵҲĻԼ
˵˱ƴֻд裬ಫʹɱ֡ϴ˷¡ףһˡ
ҶȺ֮йۿȴ𾪡
ǶڶʿͷŷٶȣȻ֮죬˲׼ߡڵʵǶ˶Ļֻа޷ֵķݣ
ԼӽУ

գҶΪ˼һĻ˲ʯƣ˷ʱĿϣõѸٻָİ취
Ҷ̯ϹһȦͽ֮˵һסɣơһƿҪʯں̵ܶʱڣָһʿȫһʿԻָüȫ
Ҷһ֮󣬷ǿʮǹƿ̫
һƿɣƣȻһʱáһٵõƿɣƣһ±ʮʯûˡȥƵļǮȵһ򡷷ţһ컹˵̫ʯˣ
еʮֵۡ


51 Ƹ
ɴԼҩԼƣƾҲˣһĶҩԼֻҪʯֳƵҩû⡣ԣɸһƸԼƣ
Ҷһݣ뵽һýİ취
С࣬ɸһƸӦûɣоǾ죿
ɸڣСʵ
Ƹ󣿡
Сˮ׼ͣѧͽڣһ㶣ɸ㹻ĿյأȻû⡣ֻҪľϣͿһµĽֻǵͽ׽ġɸĵȼ̫ͣɵеĽ޷ɵĵȼ
У֪ˡ
Ҷ׹
ͽľϣ͵ɸ죬һСӡƸû̫Ҫ
Ҫģ䷽û䷽֪졣
Ҷɳڣ˲ٵҪһ䷽
ǣ˼ҳԷļһ˭ƷĻƣһҶ䷽˵㽫ҶߣԼҵ䷽͵ˡ
ﻹ䷽أˣȥӻ̯ŵ̿˵ҵ
ҶԼţǼ⣬û¸ﵽƷȥ䷽طҲǿ򵽵ġ
һʱҶұ˺üֵĵ̯һר䷽ĵ̯ϣϲķһͽסɣ䷽ʮʯ
ͽ𡶳ɣơ䷽ʵҲʲôҪܵ䷽ʮ鷳ҪҩģλСʲô
ֵ̯
Ͳùˡ䷽Ҫˡ
ҶһЦֿ˿̯䷽ָһͽԪ䷽Ҳң
һǰʮʯС粻ֻ뵱ʦʦ
̯Ц
Ҷ⼸˽ٿʯȫҽȥˣ䷽뿪
ɣȡʮζҩΪȪ֮ˮƣĳΪƣʿָЧ
Ҷ䷽
䷽ҪǸĵķԼӹû䷽дԭҲٴ
Ҷֿһ䷽ҲҪٵҩġ
ͽԪȴǵͽʿġһ㣬ûԪĻҪһꡣһöͽԪһʯҲһʺܴĿ֧
ѧģѧ䣬˻Ȼ١ǰ´Ժʱ򣬸оϰܺǮǸһȣǵǮʲô㡣׹ȣľһҺĲҲԹӦһ衣
ҶЦ
ɳǣһȡʯһڼ

ʮգҶ
ϣɸĵͽҩȥ̷ֵͬΪע⣬ÿʯҲ࣬Լʮӡ
ʯɸڸɻƸ󡣻˼չҶɸһСƸ󡣺ܼªҲһСľݶѣһЩľƳɵľͰȡҩģȪˮȥˡ
ҩϸҩģ׼ƺԭϡֳɵģҪ졣
Сˮ׼ͣѧͽڣҲȥƵͽĳɹʣңֻάһӯƽ⣬ÿҶһʯҪСϴʵʯʱǿϣ
ҶԴҲ޿κΡ
ӦܵɸƣɸΪ飬Ҳֻܴﵽһˮƽܽɸȥ
Сգ޹ͫ˵
ôŰɸȥ
Ҷһµ
ҪԪעɸڣ÷ףǰҪͻڣܲٿظ߼ķû취÷Ҳȥ
Сɿ
ͻڡҲһ㣬ǻأ
Ҷơ
СͻȻ뵽ʲôŭˣԪҲҪԪܱøǿɸɸҵĹҵģΪʲôҸɻȴԪأ
ʲôҲҪԪҪͬʱɸ㹩ӦԪԼأһҪԪ
ҶɵˣǿСɱڵӣааɣȸɻԪһֱǡ
ɱƭң
С༫ȻɵĿⶢҶǾﲻԾϵ벻ףֻܹΪɵıܡ
ʱȥơ
Ҷӵơ
ƣЩǳʱ䡣СһֻܸһҪôҪôҪôơ
ҶԼҲҪ֣ɸơżҲԪһԼˮ׼
˵Ҷ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ԼԪڵԪ档ɸڸɻʱĲࡣ
ɸڵĺܶҪСȥɡȱʲôʲô


52 
ʮΪûʯƣټɸƸҲ½½һС֣ҶķչΪ˳
СԪҲһ¯ҶÿԷԪǿԪһԪΪԪǿΪؼҶⷽȻ˿
һսӽʱ֣Ժڡ
Ҷһվڿȵ££ϴֲѾʪ͸šˮһվڣĬתڵķϵͷŻ
ֻһͽСԵǲ
ϰģǴƼŵﹺ˷ʿ󲿷ʿˣҲֻǴһʱҴ뿪
Ͼɳڴ󲿷ʿƽʱҪæŸɻʯάǿɲǴɼʿһעõʯá
ɼӵܣԼҵҲСط
ļڵʿָֻ˶ʱŻֻ֡ûʲôˣ뿪æԼĻȥ
ֻЪϢЪϢʱ֣ȺʿǲŻҴץ϶ʱһԼķҲŻǳ֡
ڣԼСɼڵʱƼΪֻ𱬡ʱʮꡢһʿ̫ˣʺڵͽʿǾһ˷̸ܵ˵أɳڵĸֻ⡣
Ҷʮ㷢֣󲿷ʿæŸɻʱ䣬û˸ţʺʱ䣬տڣһ˶ڣԺССͷŷ
Ҷץʱ䣬ͷ

żᷨţ뿪ţȥֵϰڵ̯šƼֻһСɼ壬ΪƼӵܣȻʳǣһЩҲҪɻʯ
ƽʱͿһЩԼõʯ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ£һϤĵӰһһµͷŻ
ף壬˰
ȡ
ԺſڣΪߣһӰСʮ죬ÿ賿ϲߣķǳڿ죬չƺܿ졣㲻˵½ύ֪ٵϸ
ֻ֪ҶһССɢʿľͲ֪ˡ죬ҲԸ˵壬ҽȥĻˣ˵ɡ
ЩССıԹԺӡ

Ҷ֪Ժ⣬ߺһ̸
Ҷվڣǰߣȫרע
ʶһȻһȵСһӣС򻮹һߣǰʮԶŵһȥ
䣡
һŲС׼ȷĻģը𻨷ɽһ̵ˡ
ϵըһҡΣͨ졣
СıըԽͽݻ١
ʮ죬˲һųС򣬲׼ȷй̶Ŀˣ
̶Ŀӣֻ򵥵һҪϰ÷ƶİӡҪʶ׼ĲٿأҪϵļǿ
ҶоڿյģĽߡ
һԺӣҶ˲ͷųһŻ򣬲ɾ˲СôôˣҵС򣬿ǻ˽¡Ļܸߣ
ʲô
Ҷһ£תͷȥЩ⡣
ɣ֪ΪʲôҪ򡶻ţ
ɫʱʮֹŹ֡
Ϊ˰Ҫʮ飬ֻֻʮʯҵȻ
ҶҡͷаҵķţҲû˵ҪˡţֱӾѧСӡ
Ϊ֪Լ򡶻ţҸûʣͰ㡣ƫƫȻлײѷѧˡ֪Ȼܰѻѧô죬ʱҶʮˣ
һţЦã֪Сһ𣿡
֪ҿٵ׵伮涼ﶼŴԪصı仯ǽľˮСǱ硢סһǸԪؽȻ෴ֻû˵
Ҷͷʵٶδر죬ֻһ첻Чȵʮ졣
߶ϣֻо߲ͻŲһأԪ񡣵ǻ˵û֪ߵΪߵĻ̫޷Ƿͻˣ֪
ϸĽ˵
Ҳķϵ𡣡
绨һЦ˵ˣǳӣһʱҲ˵ȥڵ̯ʯҽ컹ûʯأͷпٸϸ˵ɣ

ĳԺӡ
վԺſڵ߿ЦݣЦкøУСպܹݵľŴţΪŵӣȥ˵˵ƼҵŮ㿴
ʲô˼Ҷҿһ˼ûС
շ죬죬תһȥֵϰŵ̯ˡ
ζĻͷһӰ
ѾͷҡԬҵСûøУССʿеȤ
˵ȻҪܾһСȻûٸ޿Ļ츳㹻һŴţλȻҡֱϣҲֵƼҵŮҲδɡ
ҪҪΪƼЧ
Щġ
ɳʿ϶δܿĲһСɼ˵ʿá
һۣСӸߵ̫Щס
ȹ۲һأ˵ɡһʿŴŵżԶءҲҪڣĲϣʸȥŴš
߰ö⡣


53 ȫϵʿ
һֵ뿪ɳǽֵϰڵ̯
°ͣ£ͻȻһ죬һ˵顣
ҶǰͻȻкĴܸУĸߵ;˷ĿĪĻܸߣһŸ̤ɵˣʮ죬Ȼ»졣

Ҷһ磬ʱ䣬Ժڵ˿ʼڵͽʿץʱ
ҶĿ簡
԰Ժĺڿ죬ҶֵӣʮҶĺϤ
Ҳĺ簡
ҶͷЦ
԰֮⣬Ҷʶ˼ɳǵСɢޣһͨʿ
ҶһͷСһĥԼ
ˣﻹһᡶš֪ܲѧ
Ҷӻóһᷨš
ţһϵӡಣһϸ΢Ĺâڡ鿴һԪԪϣ˻ӡ֮⣬ֶһ編ӡ
ϵҲѧԼ϶з
ҶЩΡ
һ£԰һԲԶôһ¡
԰ĸһʿСӴЩɳʶ֪ԶҶ
һʿ˵ȻǳҪ
԰ѵó䵱һʦ֪޲ԡ
һ֮һԼļǱʵǶ٣Ҫⱻ֪
һ˫ʿ˵ɣһֻԻϵʿչʾǰķϵʵһ˽ͻȻʩչϵֶɱһֲܾܿͻ̡ᷭ
ľǱеأѪԵסʦ֮⣬⴫ϵһߵĳɳٶȡһǱʵ㼫ߵʿ֪ʮĸĳҿ϶ᾡһֶθɵδɳĵˣɱѿ֮С
ûңǱҲνһгңɵ㣬϶ƲĴʵж£ָơߣɳǻˣܲһҰһСΪϡ˵װɣ
԰Ҷף׵˵һͨ
һмһã
Ҷʵ
ͨͬʱж
ûؼǱʵĸߵ͡Խ࣬ǱʵͨԽ͡ϵǳټ
һϵʮµĶǷϲģжٳɾ͡
ͨʿһϵʮ㣬һϵķȽϳɫˡ
һϵʮĻǾɽ콾þŴŶ
԰˷ܵ
Ŷ
Ҷһһ㶣Щ׹ȻĽñ֪ԼĸסԼ֪̫ˣ߶̡
԰˵β
İ취ʵܼ򵥡һֲʯܹһ˲ȥⶫֻдɼŻ᳣ʯɳﻹһЩɹƭģҲϲ˲ǧȥǵĿڷ粻ϣҪȥ˺׾֪ҵԵھһߣߴʮ㣬ܿ챬˳Ŵŵһ

졣
Ҷһ򵥣ʵʵİ취֪Լ
Ҷɳǲͬŵ̯ϣĲ׷ˮʯ֡Ļ˷ʯѧˣٰ⼸ǡ
ؿջڣһһĿԼԪֶһƵһˮʸһСƬʯһС֣⼸ӡȻѧ
УԼϵ
Ҷ𾪡
Ҷһ£һҧȥˡ׻׶Ԫ񸽽ֶһ΢硢һ΢ͱ׶Сӡ
ȫϵʿ
ҶЩˡ
ŴϵѾѧеİϵ
еķϵȻѧ
Ȼˣϵ⡣
Ҷŵʱûҵϵŵ̯֪ϵʿתֻйʿ
Ҳ˵ϵϵʵ෴
ӵȫİҵãǻԽ࣬ǱʵԽͣºѡ
ҶЩˡ
ҶֻС죬Ȼȥ롣
ģٶҲû취ıһ˿һץʱѷɣҪ
Ҷа˸Ҫղס
Ȳ˵ģһ޷Щַʩչһ飬һաʩչɲǹѧ˷ӡУҪϵʩϤ
ҶȫСŷ
ûڵʱҶųգŷҶȻеͽƲ䷨Ҫų׷ɻܵӰ졣


54 ͻͽ
峿ҶСջڳһֵĽֵϣǰȥ
ҶͻȻ΢΢һüͷȻ󻺲ڽֱһĵ̯ͣװ̯ϵĻ۽ȴŹ⻬鵶ϵķ⣬Ƴһۺ󷽲Զ
һӰ̻·һĺ档
ʱһֱСģע⡣ô˸٣
Ҷ֣һ£ȥ
Ӱĸ
ҶԺ
ԶԶĹһ£ת뿪
ҶʱԺĲųߵΪܹ߸õĿʶԶԶĲ̽ĸ٣Ҷ̫ѵ顣
ߴҴҹ˼СһСլԺ⣬š
Ÿ֨ˡ
һϱʿӰСҿһ£ûˣųߵҵûУ
үСұСջѾҵ˵СҶ˵䣬סһСջСĿһһСջڡҽȥҴү
æ
ɵĺãЩǮȥˣÿȥʲôʲôҪʵ㱨ҪǣǷɳǣһǣ𣡡
ϱ˶һʯ
лүʹͣСһ˶ˣ
ϲתҴ뿪
ߣҶһСƽҲҸ֣֮ɶôʰ㣡
ϱʿЦլԺš
֣ϵܣҵҵˣҪΪְֳæ
Ժڴһӵ
ǺǣСʱסѾ߶ˡʰһСʿֵͲ鷳ˡ
֣֮Ц
ﻰʦҸ׿ͬţҽáҵ£Ϊܲ

ҶתǴǴլԺ¶ɱ֣֮ɣ治ģɱңݰȻûʯң

Ҷ뿪С
ٵߣδȥһС޹ؽҪ֣֮ͨ߸ĶͬҲߣ֣֮ϵ
취֣֮ܰɸɵ
ʲô취Լ㹻ʵУ
ҶԼһʯһ֣˫ʩչһԼƯذߣȻ󻽳һŻ򣬳ԶİӺȥԼİŷ
ַʩչŷѾļޡױʩȣذߵµ
ȻûˣŻȫ
ʿڳҶֻ
̶һµĹ
İŷѾ
˸Сӡڱ
лӡĹҶѾܹĲٿػ򣬻пƶİӡˮ׻׶Ҳܹʩչֻ׼ȷȻдߡ
һҶԪԪӡҲ˸˽⡣
ԪԪĽϣյԪԽ࣬ԪԽǿ
ҶÿշõͽԪ蹬һСԪ񽥽ǿѾһԲٹãϣڶ㡣
ԪΪǷͻͽ
Ҷڲɫ֮УڣѾʵ
ЩڶʩչķҲδܱȵ
ҶҲ֣֮ɵʵ
֣֮ٿʯһ£֣֮ȫӦҲ֪֣֮ɵΡ
ڽֵ֣֮ɵʱһһƿͽһᡶˮһͽףһٿʯʣµʯ㹻ü¡
Ҷ㣬ɱ֣֮ɵʱ
ҲöˡҹҸʱ䣬һˣһĵطǸߣ֣֮ɸǡ֣֮һ˳ͶͻϮ
֣֮ɵͬҲһֻ취

ڣҶһ硣
ʱڵʿ
ҶֻʶٿһŻʮڿٷɶţѵԡ
ҶԺʶʿ඼һЩСɢޣƽʿɼ֮ˡ
ʲôʱǸͷ
԰Թ
Ҫȥɱɽ֮еޣǲմ̼԰ɵ緢飬ɲǴ췢
Ҷ壬ǴһһȥɱޣǿôɱһͷͽޣҲֵʮϰٿʯ̼Ǯ
԰ͻȻ
ҶڲٿһСһʵһȥɱޣ
԰ɳ⣬ɽΧһЩеͽ޳ûĵطԭҰɽеͽ޳ûһ˺ѶԸЩͽޣһȥӦаա
԰һԴЩԼ㡣
һͷޣֵôʯ
ҶЩ档
֪ɳڲ׸ʲô벻ʯʯǺʽ
Ȼˡ޷ǳֵǮɱһͷһޣϰٿʯֵһһʿɻꡣֻǷǳΣգһʿѶԸһޡ

һʿһֻڳɻʯȫһ²ô顢ʮʯʯܶʲôãҪǹ⿿ɻʯ²ŹԼĲ㣬ϾŴŵӰ
ߣһΪʱ򣬶Ὺʼȥɱͽ׵ʯ
Ҫʯõİ취ɱͽޡÿôɻָһܳΪŴŵĵôðɱʯҲֵã
Ҫɴһȥϻɱһͷͽޡʮ˸һϣ˵ʲôҲһͷ޸ɵʯƽ֣
Ĳʿ˵
Ҷв΢һ˷֣֮ɣʤ㻹ߡܺһȺʿһ𣬽֮Ը֣֮ɾ͸İգ֣֮ͬҲõġ
ԺڣʮʿڼôȥɱͽޣԽԽࡣ
ƽʱҶһδػȥȥɱޣҲδػȥ
ڿǵɱ֣֮ɣ˼ͣһȺʿ֮С
ˣŴţҪʲôҪ󣿡
ҶЩԺʱŴţһ˷ܣһֱûŪס
ҶǱߣһƼûһֻҪ㣬ܳΪŴŵĵӡ
ָԶ˵
ҶԶȥ
Եڣʵɸ١
һʵܱԵλãܸߣǲɳֵĳƫƧĵط
ҶͿһֱΪͨ
һʮ߲㡣
Ŵŵǳĵ㡣ڵƣֻҪõƣܰŴţΪԺյŵӡ
߶ʸȥ
Ƕʮ֮ǰ嵽㣬ŻᱻΪӡ䣬̫ͣҲҪˡ
׼Ĳʱ򣬿ʼȥĵ㡣
һʵȥҲֻǰ״ϲȥ


55 Ⱥ޳
һ㣬ҪһʵȥڶҪڶΪʵԴơĵ㣬ͨҪʵܽȥҲмʳߣĲǿгõ¼ǽ֮¡
˭ȥ
ֻҪһʯȥʯάķãʯܽȥʿԼֻҪһٿ飬ΪߵĻҪɸʯ
Ŷ
ҶԶ˼
㹫ӦѾ˽ţΪŵ˰ɣͨϼֱӽȥģҲ
Ҳ֪ϺôˣϴμϺѾھŲ㣬ĻͻһӦúܿ顣ҲӦڰ˲ˣ֪Ƿ
Ҷаš
ˣǰڱ´Ժ似ʱΪݵλ⣬ƽӵܶӵܣ޶ٽϺϰϵʦ֣Ǵδָ
нģڻСǰԵǵ·;ϣɱ֣֮λʦӡԵǣԼŬΪߡ
ҶͦڴϡܹͻڣΪߡֻǲ֪ǷԵ
ܿ첻Щˡ
ҶԾŴŲû̫ʶֻЩ档ŴΪ˴ɳʿܳΪŵӡ
ԺʿǾһ鼤С졣
ɣҽ׼һ£ȥɳɱޡɱһͷޣֵһµĹǮˡ
ողɽʿɽһжʮ棬˵ȥƭˡ˭ԸȥҲǵİȫ¶ײеޡ
һȺʿȥ˵жʮʿֻǺϻȥɱͷһ޶ѣжΣգЩΣյĵطǲȥǣ
ãһȥ
һ֮ܵʿ̶սȥɳǸɱޣŸɢȥ׼ȥˡ

Ҷ׼һЩɱ޺֮ˡֹѪָѪ֮Ĳҩɢҩ߻ǵͽߣõϣֻòҩβͬ
Ҷ׼һһ
СɸڣƳƷʱȽϲԭǱ˿ãѾûˡ
ڻָĵͽ׳ɣƣȻ˵
ա
Ҷ鵶һ뿪Сջɳȥ
Сջб׵ŵߣҶСջһϡЩɻҶƺȥһ·٣߿Ҷ˳ǣһϲ㼱æȥ֣֮
߲δΪ߲ɳǣһȥҪٽǾͲôס߿ɳͲˡ
Ҷδβ͡
Ѿڳɵ֣֮ɣҪȥͨ籨š

Եǵ棬ѾۼһȺʮߡ
һȺʿȥɱޣ󲿷˶ˡ
ҪԺߣȻвʿЩʿһǺɻʶֵܽǶϡɳ⼯ᣬҲΪơ
ٽɳǵĸ߽ʿĲĿ
һȺʿһʿЩɳǵĸ߽ʿֻǵЦΪ⡣뵱Ǹո̤֮·ʱ򣬺γ嶯緢޲ñ˶֪Լı¡
Ҷ˳ǣȺ֮е԰ЩԺˣ߹ȥк
Ҷ
Ҷֵˣ
԰һЩϤˣ׷Ц
֣֣ûô춯𣿡
Ҷæ
м˻û
һȺʿɳۼȴȻΪ˵ҶλƽСɢޡΪ˵λԺټˣִ̼飬϶Ҫμӡ
ݡԬλСɼĹӡ
һȺʿûͷ˿϶Сλڶ㣬װ֮ʵǿټɼӵܵĵλк
ݡԬɳǣһȺʿͷۼѩ׵̤ѩԣݺԬǻɫԣһ
ҶҲڣЦѽһΪһֻȥɱء
Ҷȥôòȥ
ҶЦδԡ
һͷԣһ齣ʿǰԵмԵáɼӵܣɲĸʿûһٶʯһƥһΪ
ʵһͷ͵黢ֻ黢ǶΪѱʿʵ޷ס
ݿҶкü
벻ͨûٺɫΪζһСƽɫСƽòƽƽźᣬҲûʲô֮ôҲȲλҹǿ
ʦ֣񿥣
һСȺʮæӵ˹ȥĽޱȡ
ƥҲһ㣬Ҽﻹмͷ͵Ժôƣˬ죬ЦСкҲ˲ȥҶ鷳
һȺʿΧԬ飬֮ɫϽˮӲ
ߵӪμ
һȺƨ
Ҳ˲мǰ
ʣµһЩʿǸһ
˲ൽˣ߰ɣ
һ£˵
󲿷һʿʯǻƥ
ɳ֮⣬в̯
󲿷ֽǵ߶ԭȵķչƥ̯ˡ
չڳ⣬ƥûĵͽʿֻҪӾͿ⵽ʯһӶ˵
ʿӳƥ˴һЩΪȲ񿥣ҲܽʡһЩúķѷ
ԵǵΧеͽ޳ûĵطԭҰ֡ɽ塢ȡԶĵطͷǳȫˡ
ҲڵʵֻܶԸһޣҪȥж޳ûĵط
ȥְɣֻһ޳ûȥ
ݴ
ԺһȺʮȻ壬ԭҰȥȥطıؾ֮

ûã֣֮ɺʿҴҳǣ׼ɱҶǳ˳֮δҶӰ
Ѿˣɳôˣ
֣֮ɰա
޷ҶĴԶɳȥ׹ȣȥĵطࡣʿɳǣ޷ȥѰҩɱޡһһʿȥĵطֻôȥԭҰطң
һӵ
ߣ
֣֮ɼԭҰȥ


56 ԭҰ
¡¡
ݣ
һȺʮʿ緢СǰƥһƥѩУƥƣΪҫĿȻѷһ֮˸ߣҲǳס
˶ʱ֮壬˾ɳԭҰ
ˣǰԭҰ
ǰݣָͣǰ鼤
˷׷ͣ
Ҷֳȥǰľ󣬲ɵһǰһ޼ʵԭҰһɸߵĲݴԣïܸʣ˻ߡ֮£ƬԭҰԵüΪ׳Ѥ
ƬԭҰ֮󣬳Ҷ֮⡣ԵǵʱǴһ¹ģδƬԭҰ
ƬԭҰôô󣿣
ӣ˵Ҳ﷽Բ
ྪ
˵д󲿷ʿǵһγɳǣɽɱޡȻ֪ԭҰǼδۼΪֻһƬСԭôͷͽޡ
ǽۼԭҰ֪ĳ档һȺʮʿԭҰеһˮ飬ȥӰӿ¶
ԭҰʲôɽݾΪԣһɽبʮ治֪жյ޳û
ݴǰ峤ԭҰüΣʶƬԭҰޡУ߳ݵĻƬԭҰҲСĹ򡣡
ƬԭҰϣʺߡҶҴҽȥɱޣ
ʿǷ׷
ԭҰҲΡҿɲǸ峤ģҸλڶʿѣһʱ䡣
ԬԿ䣬һЦм
ƬԭҰڶáߡȸѪ֮࣬һµޡ˵ޣʵǺˮݡö֮һЩԡ
Щһµȵޣ֮ʵģһʿࡣҲޣ׶Ըǵٶȶ죬Щʿˡ޷ϵʿ׷ǡ
ȻͽףͲס࣬ѽնɱ
߽ʿҲȥԸЩͽޣЩͽ׵ޣһֱƬԭҰ̾ᣬɱ֮ն֮
ԬȻƬԭҰʮϤ٩٩̸֪Ķٶ١
ƽôͽޣץץȥɴѵʯǷˣ
ʿ𾪣ʵ
򵥣
ԬҡͷΪȻ˵
һµ˵ɡҰϵĴ󲿷ֲϣֵǮֻƤá
ϲѱȥѰණץ̣ȥѱޣһͷʮʯļǮڳҰѱѱˣֻɱ˰ƤͽƤʮƤֵһʯ
ҪƬԭҰɱޱȵ󣬵õʮƤ²һģֻһʯЩһʿ֮⣬˭һʯ
˵ȸѪһ̷ܾɵӰ١ʵ׷׷ϣҪ˵ɱˡ
ԭҰϣֵǮߵƤܻʯǵĶǳһʿͨԸһһµߡ
Ԭһ˵꣬ʿʱʧ
Ҷԣ΢΢һüаôٵʯһգɳɻĶడ
Ҷ뿪ɳﲻȫΪʯҲ̫һͷֵʯ
ҿ϶֣֪֮Լ뿪ɳǣ֮뿪ɳǣǰ׷ɱԼɱԼ϶ȥ֣ܴ֮һ·׷ɱСԵǣ׷Ҳɱ֮ءοԼնһұۣǲݡ
Ҷգ֣֮ɳǣɳ֮ɵ֣֮ɵɱġ뿪ɳֻǸոտʼѣ֣֮ɴ˷ǳСģûаղ׳֡ɱ֣֮ɣҪúơ
˭˵ɱһͷһޣʮϰٿʯģʵʯǺαɽԭҰðɱޣ
Ⱥɧ˴µ
һͷһޣϰٿʯⲻҥԡ
Ԭæʿ͵ֵǮһϵޣǴޡɱһͷޣȡԭϣлʮʯץ޵ޣȫϰٿʯޣϸߵļǮһ޺ֵǮҲϹ˵
ȻѾˣɣ˵ãԭҰ޵ޣҲʮʯ

Ҳգ͵ɣ
ʿ°ԭҰıԵ
ƬԭҰ̫ӽԵǣ˵صĸ߽ʿ޶ɵƬԭҰд޳ûֻйԭҰִ֣Żޡ
Ȼһ㣬ƬԭҰǺܰȫģʺһ֣ǽգɱһޣһ棬Ϥһ¡
бһԬһȺʿ̫࣬ᾪԭҰϵޡҷֳӣɢɱޡһ˭ɱĸ࣡
ãòҸСһӡ
Ԭ˵
УƾʲôСһӣ

ֳӣһӣݡԬǸһӡӸɱޣգ»ϣһɱĵͽࡣһö̻Ϊźţ
ûԬ˵ֱ꣬Ӹɴ˵ڵ
УŰɣ
ԬݶͬˣȻҪֿܱԷһҪá
һȺʮʿܿΪСȺ
ݺԬһʮ˵ĴӵԭҰͬķˡ

Ҷ԰һСȺʿʮ˵СӣԭҰһǰԭҰȻһ㣬һȺʿȫϻû⡣
ȥʲô˼ǵģԺûлԸޡߣһãһ·
Ц
СķмˣɱޣҲǼʶһ¡
԰Ц¶ۼƨ
İҾͱһ꣡
ƳһʼƽĬԵҶаԸ̣Ҷʮ򣬱»һ׷ˡһסɱ޵ʱһῴж


57 һ
פɣƥΪʱӪء⸽ɱԭҰϵޣ
һСӵʿԭҰʮλòˣʿδɱޣСɢһ໥ӦҪӪ̫ԶȰΧĵͽ޶ȻȥɱޡϻӪЪϢ
ͬѸƥЯȡӪ
ʵҲȼλŮʿ˼򵥵Ƥʿν¶ҰҲûʲô
һµ޲̫ǵʵȫܶԸˣʲôޣһҶ
߰ɣ
˭һҶ壬ҪǴ
԰µ
ɣһһԣܲɱһͷһޣ
ҶҡҡͷС
Ҳã壬ȥɱޣ
԰˵ͷ
Ҷһ㣬ʵ˭ﶼࡣ
˷ΪˣĻ߸ɴһˣʱӪصïܲݴΧɢ
ɱޣʿΪС
ҲǶһɱޣߵʱһҶķš

ҶֳС̽Χïܲݴԣͬڴ
ǰڱ´ɽáԾնɱɽеʵĻҲǡ
ԴӳΪһߣѧֵͽ׷֮һֱԺַӣδʵս֮СǰӴپ׼Ҳܴʲôһͷޣһ˴򡣡
Ҷа
߸֮𣬻Ǻܴġ
ߺھ̺ע뵶ڣĵһɽ˵С
ڵľѾûֻзָǿڣͷŸַ
ҶȻܹʩչԾն֮Ĵ⵶ǡննҪ֧֣Ѿٷ
ΪЩսʽҲȫͬ
Ϊߣǰߵ˼·ȥս»ᵹù
ҶҪһЩʱ䣬ȥϰߵĶʽɱޣǶʵѸٵİ취
ǰһزݴԣͻȻζһ£ƺʲôڲݴС
ޣ
ҶĿһȻһ
ৣ
ҶĽֳֵˮĵ˸źâ
ͽ׵һûκԡֻһΪӲɳܶǧػκױΪӲ
ʯ֮УϵʯƳ׻鵶עܸ֮лϵ˺ԣҪˮƽˮ׼ҶʱƳ
磡
Ҷ³֡
ƣһϢ
һӣԼʩһ
һϢԼתһȦҶʱоԼż硣
ҶڵĲҶϣϢڲݴ֮Уǰн
ϸעĻڵϣѾ
ֻҪ紵˳ŷ绬С
󣡡
ҶǰĲݴԣһͷԲ
ͷҪ屶ϣëںצ繳д糤
ͷڿҧһż΢ݸʲôȻתͷϸС׺ݵ˫ͫҶ
ڣ
׺ݼһ˫վֻצջһ£ʾĵҶ
ͷܴⷨٿ硣
ҶֳּһϢС

Ҷٿػ򣬳
˻
ƺ֪һУɴܳȥ಼·ɴܳɿ⡣
Ҷʶٿ֮£ת򣬺Х׷
ǻǷٶȣʼû죬׷βܣôһ롣
䣡
һС֮ҶСʧȥƣڲݵըѣɢĻ棬һСƬݴԷٻ٣ӰӶûšԭҰʪأҰҲղ׺ܿϨ
ͣ˼Ŀƺ¶ԸղҶĻΪмǻ׷ܣҲܲӮ
ٶôô죬һһʿɱٶȣ˷ϵʿмһʿ׷
ҶŵѸٹٶȡ
Ҷȡ
⻹ɽһֵһµޣȻٶȡҵ󻹸ˡ֪ޣж
ҶûֶΣ˫֮ͫ¶׺֮ɫȻ䳯ҶΪһԲĺڹ⡣ڹ֮УϸСâצ
ĺã
Ҷ΢΢һΣûκνιĳ෽ŵĺ˰ɡ


58 ӡİأ
Ҷǰڱ´ԺδѧκǿĵͶӲƴ˴ȵѾ˶Ṧˮ׼
ưɵľ룬úڹֱһա
Ծն
Ҷܵͬʱһ
һĺâ˲䳯źڹն
鵶âͺڹײһ
飡
Ҷһ󷽻һסΡ
ȻȴҶ࣬Ҷһնҷɵ֮⣬ͷתڵϡ϶һǵѪۣػƺȥ
צӾȻӲҪצϣ϶һѪ
ҶһԼеһצۣࡣ
ҶԼһ⡣
ߵĵǿʿֶΰ˵ġԼüǿ
ҶԶص
ͷȻ˻ʮֽδǰȥ鿴
թɲֻ˲ŻᣬҰͬͨ˭֪ǲˣթһһצӣġ
٣ɵ˵
Ҷʶ΢мһС򣬻˦

һŻ򣬳˻ȥ
ܵϢвŵ˫ĿɲǼһݴ֮мܶȥ
Ȼװ
Ҷ㿴ɵˣ¿ɺСֱ׷ȥ
ͷˣٶȻԲ֮ǰ½˴ʵ
䣡
󱻻Уһ漴СĻû
ҶȻϨ֮ǰȥվ֮Ĺ̻ҽ֮УδվǣЩõĲϣЩССʧ
Сһ°ûˣ
ͷƤⶼѾճɺ̿ˣϧһƤûˣҪʮƤǮ治סֻзϵʿķУһ㣬ɱȴֱƤë
Ҷһ䡣
վԭҰȥ
ʵսŸոտʼҪҸĵͽޣԼٿطÿʱÿ̵Ҫʵ׼öԸ֮׷ɱ֣֮ɡ

䣡
ݴ֮УһŻըѿ
쬣
ܿ죬һͷͷĴïܲݴ֮ŭĵҶղǿŻ򣬲ˡڣȻҶ
Ҷŭ֮ûͷŻֻǸԼһȻʼϮ
ɱһͷҲʲôʯ
ٶȣͨһʿҪǿܶࡣԼǲ
ҶĻŭٳܣΪһӰڰвϻϸСĹâͼҶ
ҶʩչƬĿյϣϱ任ŷ򣬱ܿϮ
һͷսÿһܶܳɹ
ʮܣôһʧܡ
ܹ𣬵Ϳַ˼ЧҪĶܶڶŰ϶
ͣ
󼸺Ҷɴܶ

Ҷͺһ˫ĿŭеһʹĽսȭͷһͷɵĳ嶯ȫעܡ
ƴҪҶǹϰٴҲκβҶߡҶһըһˣͷ
ٴαŭҶ
һʱ
Ҷ쳣飬ΪһӰӣıܿһδεϮ
ʱǿȵѾ޷մ±ߡ
Ѿ۵ٶԽԽͣ
ףҶĶ֡ŭѾĹ⣬Ѿǰ˸е¡
ǴʱҶһŻӭ
ĿٶľŻۼԽԽȵѪžȻתӴܣ䡱׷βͣըһŻ档
ҶƶƣӰͣһڵͽ׳ɣƣָ
ɳڶŵ߰ȻԭҰЧʱЧڳʮá
Ҷϲ
ֻдѪĽѵ̡ܼ
ҶȡһСƿҩԼ˿ϡʮƤ˿ڣһЩѪƤ˲£òһͻ̡
ҶڲݴڴϢ
֮࣬ҶһԼԪİ˸ӡ
ԪԱߣöӡ֮еġ編ӡѾӲӣһö΢Сĺ챦ʯӡһ
ΪʲôҲϵЩӡԽԽ
ҶЩֺơ
ÿʩչҪԼԪ񷢳һʶȥһӦķӡȻӡڵķұԶͷųһӡͻͷŻ編ӡͻͷ
Ҷ˼Լʩÿһ衣
ǰΪ󣬲δ
ԽԽ棬ⷨӡʲô
Ҷȫעϸ˸΢Сķӡ
編ӡӡӡǰ˺ܶ࣬ױϡ
ϸ編ӡöȶӻϸķӡ棬ֳһ۴Сطġ
ЩصķģߣķģȻɣƮݸУҶǿҵĳ𺳡˺ð죬Ŵ֮ѹ
Ҷϵʲôģ´Ժڣ͸֣ûķġ
һ£編ӡһ۴Сķţһö編ӡ
ģĪǷģ
Ҷһ
Ȼ𾪡
ѹѧЩûпκ֡ԭЩַѾССķӡ֮ڣγһķֻҪһӡԶ
ȥЩʲô˼ֻҪзܰѷʩչ
Ҷеȵǣ編ӡ棬Լʮڷ⣬ʣµɰ޹⡣
ģռȫĵİٷ֮ʮңζʲôѾģʣµЩģδɣ
Ҷ
ֿһ»ӡ
ӡҲ࣬΢һ㣬Լʮģķ編ӡȻͬÿһĶǿҵĻСжʮѾռȫĵİٷ֮ʮࡣ
ƲⲻĻζ˰ٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮĻȻƲԲԣֻҪȥܹõ֤ʵ
Ҷ뵽ܣɾܡ
΢ϢСƬ̡
ҶһɫŸոʱ֣һݸվӰһݴѰȥ
ԭҰЧɳǿ̫ˣԼԺǡڣʱʱ䡣ͷ󣬼ǿ
һͷһµ󣬶˵Ѿûսԡ


59 
ҹǹ財
Ҷһ磬һƣѪ˺ۣʿСפʱӪء
ٶȺҪͬʵһʿͬʱŭͷһǿԼѶȷ֮Ѿͨһʿ
ҵȻ죬ʱ̫٣ʮǳһ˺ֻۡǱܿҪһЩ˵Ҳûʲô
һ죬ҵٷ֮ʮٶȺ͸ӦÿӦͷĿϮ
Ҷа롣
ӪΧһȦƥ˨ڵ׮ϣӪѾһ𣬴˿ܡ
֧СӣһʿѾأ߰ʿۼӪտԴ⡢⣬׼͡
ԱߣжŮӣϽãǿҶֿտգһصӪأɴС֡
ҶһĹȻûɱһͷޣ
ǣŮӣôҲͷû㲻͵ȥ˰ɣ
ô˵һˣӦǾȫȥɱˣһȥԻ̫ǿˣԭҰϵûôöԸŪԼ˲˵ʲôûš
Ůһһ䣬ߴߴ˵š
ʿתͷҶĿ⣬ҲżֳĿ⡣ǻٶԵôͷôҶһֿտա
⣬գһ۾ҲЩ֮֡ǰҶһԣûҵҶʵӦһͷ޶ûɱ
Ҷԣһüͷ
ˣδǵĳЦ
ҶһյϥЪϢ
һ
ֵǣǻˣ
СԱ԰ڻصӪءͷһޣ˸߲ңš
Сӵˣ㶼ˣ
˷׷״ЦӹæƤȡ⡣
԰֪ҶûдЦŹҶû£һɱЩ̫ˣֵܼһȥɱʮͷ޻
ҶЩЦá
԰ĻУͻȻߴߴ
֡
Ѩץģһͷճõ󱦱ͷ󱦱ȥɳֵʮʯã㷢һʣɳǸһĻ࣡
԰æӻͳһͷۺɫС󣬴Ц
ͷ󱦱ͷԣŸոջͣ̽ͷ̽ԣߴߴС
ѽһͷ󱦱
ϧûʲôʯҪȻһͷޱ
Ͻôϲ󱦱ȥŪ
ʿһ档
Ұĳ޼ѱʿᲶ׽ĳҰޱǱȽѱѱΪսޡػ޵ȵڸ;
˵ӵһͷԼޣǴ洦
ʿ˵һͷԼޡ
󱦱̫СʺսŮʿϲŵ
ʿϲ͵黢֮ࡣ
󱦱
ȳԿ⣡
Ҷһ⣬ڻտһֻƤëֵһʯûʲôãû˻ԶɳȥҪôԭҰϳˣҪôӵ
мƵʿҲóˡ
һʱ֮
ʿǳԱ㣬ֵСӪأڽӪ뿿𣬵Ц̸š
財
˵ΪʲôҪأ
°ͣգͻȻʵ
Ϊʲôɣ㣬֡ǳߣȻҲˣɻҪɣ㣬Ϊʲô
Ͻʵ
ɾԼ֡ǲ֣οҪɣأ
˵
ڶʮ֮ǰ㣬ΪŵӣⱲӾ֪ˡΪŵ֮󣬻ܳΪʿǾð̣
԰ЦԱߵһţ壬СԺʲô
ΪŴŵӣϣ̫ãһɡɳǣʮɼ塢Сɼ壬ʳڵӵڶ࣬ǶΪŴŵӡĿûĹҴɳСѧһı£պһ̡Ȼ޷ΪŵӣҲɢҲܳΪʿİ
һͷ˵
ʿ׷ͬ뷨ͦʵڡ
ԵǴ󲿷ʿ˵ݾŴŸ߸ϣЩ߲ʡżԣҪɲ˵һ仰еġ
ͻȻһЦҶҶʲô
ңҵϣҳͷأСȥϰҶһѧܼѣȫľϰԵɺϣԵǡպʲôûȥ롣
Ҷ˵
ʵǲԸ̸Щ
ԴӵõɸŻ֮ҲμԼΪһˣһŮվһ측յɵ֮ϣȻĮĸŴ½һ޼ʵɽ
ξΣҶܻ֮Գһ䡣ξʵȥбȽϣǲûж塣
ҶԸʱȥԼѧİŷҲ˷ʱȥ翵Ķ
û־԰ЩˣݾŴţѶ̫һЩ˼ǽд־ҸЩɳǴɼӵܱƴ
Ͳ˵Ŵˣ㲻ѧ԰ôҲҪѧѧ壬ɳСҵʲôġ˼壬ʵ̤ʵʵڡȻ˼ҵļҾ˵㣬պҲгϢǽպҪˣ϶Ҫ˼һ̤ʵϸɵġ
Ͻ˺ĳЦ
Ҷüͷһ£ֱӰ˻Ϊ޷Ķ󣬾ܾ


60 ˵ٶ
ϽõĻһڣŭҽǿûۼҶǼʮôҲֲָָ㡣ЩڣǶҲСһˡ
ɫ̫ڣϽöûɫ
ԵǣǴɼʮǳɫӵܡϼİ׻壬ϼıӢĲ㡢ϵʿʮǿ϶ܳ㣬õŵƣŴţ
СɼҲһЩǳʵҵ𣬲ʮѾĲ㡣
Ͻûںʿ٩̸ԵڣʮٸСɼ壬ЩһĳɫӵܣϣŴš
Щܳӵܣͷƽʱɳһʿ۵Ļ⡣
԰ȴЩɼӵûʲôȤץ󱦱ȤڶŪ󱦱󱦱һߴߴл
ԭҰϵҹҲžꡣʿޣ˵صĵͽһٻϮʿ
ҶһͽԪڸڻգתΪΪҪԪǿԪ
ף
ҶͻȻӪ⣬һԾһСѾϷ
ͬʱСӪΧڰïܲݴԣһƬļ˷ͬʱӪض
ʲô
ʿҲæվৰγ鵶齣âӪΧڵԭҰ
ȼյĹâյӪΧʮɷΧԶһƬڵԭҰˡȻ⣬ʿʱӪصâ
ಣ
һӰӲݴ֮˳ţŪ԰
ţΧɴܳʮӰߴߴ׺ҽУȺ˳
󣡡
ãǴȺôô࣡
ʿԭҰһ죬ɱ˲󣬶ӰѾϤҲ̻鵶齣ͷŷͻɱ
Ⱥһµ̫࣬жʮͷһʿһѹԵơǵٶȺȴй֮޲
Ҷеһ򣬳Ϊܼĵط˹ȥͷըɡֳ鵶ΪһȵӰըɢļͷȥ
ʿȺ֮Ѿҽ
԰ץ󱦱ʱɱûУ
ҶһԼһӰնɣԼʩһ
ûҺѨڣֻһͷ󱦱ɱͷ󣬱󱦱ˣѵǳѨ׷ˣ
԰Щҡ
ܶ󣬶ǳ԰˶ȥ
ˣͷ󱦱Ⱥˣ
ɱ
ҶٶȶȻӿ졣
ҶһŤͷ󽻴Ѹһܵƣе溮â䣬һߣͷնȥ
ͣ͡
ͷڰ޷ת䣬һնΪ룬Ѫʬ˦ɿ⡣
Ҷļͷʣһͷһצƺһǹ˲ôࡣδأѾת˲һһͷͷ­԰Χ
̫࣬뾡ɱһս԰һɱ󡣡
飬Ҷأ˲һţٶȻΪһѸӰӣ𣬳ͷΧ֮еȥһգ۹򣬺âͷնɱһĹͷѾɥС
Ҷֵܣлˣ
԰˱Ѫۣϲۺͷƴɱ
֮Уһö򼸺Ҷɹ
ҶһڰȻƣձܿأķȥϽ÷Ļ
Ͻңʩչԭǳһͷȥˡ
Ͻ㾪ҶĿɲ
ٶ̫ˣôģ
ڸһԺһͷ俴ҶֵһĻסҶٶȺԣ֮ٶһʿҪһ
֮лжѧһʿԲ˺ܶࡣ
ֹʿҲޱȡһҶУѸټ˵սѹҪƴɱֻҪĿɿڴ
Χ󣡡
æָӵ
Ӷʮֻ½ʮֻʮʿΧǿסš֮Ѿֶ˵ʿʿŴСˡ
Ҷٶɱͷ֮󣬾ʿƿ֮СһʿԸһͷʿԸһͷѾǴ⡣ٲΣա
Ѹٻۣʿʣµͷɱ
Ҷ鵶ۿϽöһۣѷãҪٿػҷɣȥ˵ͬˣת뿪ȥЩǷ⣬û©
ϽòֱִɱĿ⣬Ƕļ¡
Ҷת뿪ǲŵԹʲôף˼ǲСģֲǹģǣͲòٿأô࣬ôңʵǿҲ۸˰
һۣ˵ǲ˵û־ֻ־û˵ɳ￪һҵ̣˼ҿδؿۡ
̫٣һҵ̲ѵ뿪ʮҡϰټңСɼ壬Ҳôడ
Ͻһۣȵ
ˣȥ˰ɣ
ͻȻãԼ޷ǹͨˡ
һ֮ӪæŸ˵ʿˣҲû֮ǰҶ顣СԱҶĿ⣬Ҳһ˿η


61 ĥ
ʱӪڣʬأպĻҽ̵ʬ壬иĲݴԣʮɷԲһƬǽ壬Ҳٵ
˨Ӫڵ׮ƥⳡͻϮŵüſ£ֻƥ̤ѩԼΡȻһԶ󲢲η塣
󿿽һš
󣬲ҪСү
԰£鵶ϸʮͷʬ壬û͸ģһŭţֱûзκλ֮󣬲ͣ
԰Ҷǰ棬ЩĹֵ֮ǰҲ֪ͷ󱦱һѨҶֵܣղҪ㼰ʱ֣Ҿˣлպõ԰ĵطֻ˵
˰ɣ
Ҷƽ
Ҷ˺´ֲһԼϵ˿ڣͿֹѪɢҩ򵥵İһ¡
Ӫڿһʿ
⴦Ӫڣʮʿ֮У˵ظˣʱɫ԰׵ڵϣٶѡϽڸǶҩ
Ҷ˵ЩأҪɳǣøõҩƲУҪһ²ָܻðǻɳȥ˼ԭҰޡ
Ҷ˵ͷδ˵ʲô
֧ʿСӵͷЩžǡ
ߺ˵Ƥ֮ʵʲôֻ˼ڸͽǲˣҪúСϺõҩ׹ǣһҲȬ
˵ʿ˵ֻһձȬ
ҹɫʱӪڣСʿǱ鵶齣˯ȥ
ô
Ҷ԰
԰Цɽܲ˰ڳɳ֮ǰϵˣС˸ʲôֻû뵽ô죬һȺԭҰϵ󣬲Ǹһˣ
ֻ󱦱ǵĻȻɳǣϽȥ
߷ߵ

糿ݺԬĶ֧СӣŲɱСӻϡ֧ҲԱֻû˵ʿҲûȺҹϮҪࡣ
һ죬ɱ˽ʮͷޡô˰ɣԬ飬ɱ˶ͷޣ
ϣΪ⣬Ԭҫ
ŶҲ࣡
Ԭɫ΢΢һ䣬߲ʮͷҪǱ˼ͷӲܶһ룬תƻЦԭҰϵļһµޣɱɱûʲô˼ǵ˺֣ٱһȣ˭ɱһͷ
ԬתͷЦС㣬ǽձȥ֣ΣƬԭҰǺ֡ǿһϵޣĴޣԭҰϵǿɱǲŽд̼峤ںɱԬ˵ţ˷ܵһ촽
ҶһЩˣȥֿ²ʡԭҰաʮգˣȻȥֿ̫ΣյĻҪ˻
Щͷ䵭
ҲաҲһ㣬ԭҰʱ䣬Щ飬ҪȻȥ˺Ҳ
Ԭ鿴˿ʿƺû̶ȥֵͷҲδ֡
ʮʿ˿ȥͦģʵ󲿷ֶһ㡣ܵ˿ԲںǿһˣҲ˵ġ
֧ԷɢԭҰϼޣһɱĸࡣݺԬͱȶϰˣһղȶ㲻ڡ
ҶҪҪһȥɱޣ
԰
ˣһˣ
Ҷҡͷ
ԽݴԣѰԭҰϵޣͽáߣķ
ÿ糿Ҷ뿪Ӫء
ÿϣǿֶ飬鵶ϲδմȾѪϷˡ
СӵʿæŲޣʮһµƤһʯͷһµϵԭϿԻһʯСǮҲǲ
ǳɳǣΪȡʯɳͨʿ˵ÿһʯмֵ
СʿҲ֪ҶԭҰʲôȥɱȴһͷ޶ûдѾҶκεС
ҶԼԼ̶ʱ䣬չж
ӡѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ࣡ԭСĻ򣬴һ룬Ҳͼ֣
編ӡҲ˰ٷ֮ʮ࣡ʩչͷͬʱϮҲܿ
ֻҪһʱ䣬׷ķӡıȫڵŷѾȵڶʿͷųķ
Ҷսȭͷ
ڷЩڴ֣֮ʲôʱ֡
ԭҰˡ֣֮ɳǣӦ׷˰ɣɳɽµԭҰЩҵˣҲô׵顣
Ҷڵȴ
Ҫϱ֮ģ֣֮ɣ
Ҫɳ⣬ȫһһĥ֣֮ɵġ


62 ڶ㣡
ԭҰ峿
Ҷһܿǰݴ֮мһȷı̶Һ
ڣ
һС۴ִӣϸСͫҶӲݴ֮˳쬵ķſ¶ö糤ĴҶҧȥ
Ҷֳ鵶Щ˷ܣ߲
ֻʼȥߡ
ԭҰϵΪ鷳ſڱһҺһմһƬ̡
ûеͽ׽ⶾߣһʱ֮ҲᶾСҶδⶾӪʿ˼ƿʯʿ˶ϱãԷж
ʱ֮Ѿ׷ļΪƣ
һеߣٶȺһµȵҪɡһⶼЩʲôĶҺ
ѹӪʿĵʱ˵ԭҰʿ߶Һ֮µľӶ࣡
ҶѾߵй·ŪϤߵƭֶζѾһ

˷ʱˡһХȻ٣ΪһӰе鵶һ⣬ߵߴ֮նȥ
ͣ
һѪɽ֮⡣
һƧĲݴ֮УҶ峿ķһö֮󣬿ʼϥԪ
ʵɳǵʱһԪԪѾӽȫһΪڶһ֮䣬һ΢ƿҪͻơ
Ҷĸڣ鵤ΪԪ˳žתȫһߴҶʣһǿԪԪ
ҶļҲɢ΢Ĺ⻪ϸС˿ڻϡߵԪֻԪΪô򵥣ڻᶨĸʿʡʿΪԽߣҲԽԽǿӲ
蹬ڣһɵ
ҶһӴСԪɵ֮С
νԪ񣬱һưɼ꣬ԪΪԪӵиǿҲԿɼġԪûԪǱʵҲߺߵ֮
ʿԪ̬̣ͬŵȴĹâ
ҶԪ̺ԪԽԽŨһһģͼͻһεԼ
ƣ
ž
ӴСԪͻȻһ죬ġͻ˱ϣѸٹĴһӴС
ڶ㣬ͻˣ
һ˲䣬Ҷĸܵʶľޱ䡣
Ҷÿһ缡ϸڲϲûڡ
ʶԭȵʮԶһ˶ʮ֮Զ
ҶԼԪʶѸչԶ˶ʮɡ
ʶɨÿһطĸоΧݴԵÿһϸ΢
ʶɨҶҶˮξӨ͸ʮֻϺһͷɳʯ֮м׶ݣ˫Ŀ˫š
һ㵽ھŲ㣬ԪÿһĽǳԣ
ʶʮɷΧ̫ˡ
ζҵķԭֻܹʮɣԶԹʮɵĿꡣȻˣ׼̶ȾͲ˵ԽԶʶԻĲٿԽ˶ʮԶٿ
ѹݺԬˣһ໥ȴһȺһʿʿ޷ȡ
Ҷ֮£ͷϲ
ֱһ̣ڶʿһʿĲࡣ
һʿҲ̫ԶҲʮҡĻһ˲Ÿոʩųһ˿򲻹ôԶľˣҲ׷ϣ
ҶŴƣзɿѰ˼ֲܸ࣬ɱ֣֮ɴơ
ԪΪƣƣһһ㲻ϵĻӶγѹԵơɳǣһҲû˷ѡ֪֣֮ʲô磡

Եǡ
ϣһͰƾɵĿջСջɳ߾ס֮أáһźüߣҲֻܻٵǮɳ
Ϻһסһ¡
䣡
ϺһƷѪҩڱĿŲҩ֮ʱ֮ͻȻȻ˫Ŀһ˵⡣
һ㣡
Ϻϲ
ϸһ£ڵȷһԪһĮ˿Ҳ̲סЦ
ɳһˣÿʱÿ޿˿иɳǣͼĴֻӻȡʯʮҹӵݣ־޴Ĳ졣
ҧ֣ʲôطע͡ɳǣҲԿԼ֮ıһС
ҶȻҲȣΪ´ԺʵǿĴʦ֣ȴʦܣȻҴӲ˵ҵ絶ʡվ׷ˣ˭ɽ磬ߵĸԶ
ϺĿ㣬߳Сջ
ɳǣƺ֪Ϊľı䣬ΪΪߣɳƺƣվѾȫͬ


63 ׷ɱ
Ϻ߳СջһڣϲõĸųΪ֮ĸоָܿ侲
Ϊ֮ǰĴֻٸˡûԾնȥһ²ʯֻѪĲҩǿάѡ
ڳΪߣ鵤Ҫʯ࣬һһʮǿá
Ϻ첽ֵ
ʱȻæʯҲ˲ʱ䣬ȥɷ֪ѹΪһ֮ͬҪȡʯ
ԵһµԵǷгһܷΪˣʦԵʮ꣬ÿСԵһƽʿһʯ
һòȻ߱һ¨ɳǳϵСֵϣţ¨šʦ֡
һ߾ֵĵطֻʦ⡣
ϺʦͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ£ʵܲɻʱ˵ΪҪ
ʦڽͷеϺסһһһʿæЦȻܣС磬ҿǸ棬Ե֮װϷһ⣬պкôһ㣬Ϸһʯߣ͵ö顣
ʦ¨ȡһЩķʯȱһǣ˴Լ֮һѷȥ
ʯͷƵģ𣿡
Ϻɻ
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Ϻۿʦҡҡͷ˷ʯ֡һ£Χûʿע⵽ղһĻ̿첽뿪ʧڽͷ
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𾪣ȫû뵽ʲôҪȫԸ
ܰô϶ʮʮѾżʿʮ쳤ŵʿҲ
ʦ˰죬ͻȻ˺żʿھŴмһҲĹһţԵǡ
Ϣɼ壬һǧʯһʯ࣡ϷҪϢɳǵĴɼ塣˭۸ߣϷ˭ˣˣϷҪ
ϧˣŴŵɽţϷСܽȥġϢŴţһżĵӣһʯɱȵġֻ˶ΣɳǵĴɼ塣
ʦĲ㵸󲽼ȥ
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ɳǵĴɼǷǳʿͶʵġ

ԭҰ
һʿԭҰߡ
ǿˣûԭҰҵӰСӻ᲻Ѿɳȥˣ
֣֮ӢϣЩ겻
ᡣҵһֵܣһֱɳǵĳŸţѾСӵĻӦϳСӷɳǣἰʱ֪ͨǣ
һ󺺳˵˵ˣҵĹƣС뿪ɳԭҰ޷ɱʯѣɱޣƤûŪ٣ûôȥ
ҲԣСֻСѣ˴˳Ϊߣɳǿ϶ʶʲôʿĶ죬϶ʯûʯһʿҲһ
֣֮룬ǿԼ侲
һںˮԭ̫УҰܣСնһۡһΣѾǳСġ
Լһǧʯ齣š
Ϊ˱ʦѵӵܣϤɳһͬ
һΣʮİաڶʿһһʿˣһˣɳ޹ʣûοİ֣һҵڣ
֣֮
󺺳ںһĬԵ˿һۡ
ں˵ͷմһ¹Ŀ쬵һֻȸ
ü򵥵ȸͨһ£֣֮ɺʹ󺺶˵ղŷɹΧʮгȺʿҲеʿ޷ˣ޷ҳһĳҡǱ밤ҹȥûһЩҵ
޷ңҴ׷ɱ¹㻨¡ٻЩ칤ѰҲ޷
֣֮ɺСӲǵС֮ƻֶ׺ݣһǿҵԤУ˷ǣ˵ţڲԭϷҡӦþƬԭҰϣܿأôӹСɱСӣͷȥԸϺ۵ļһҲһ


64 ӵ
߰ɣң֮ǰܲҵ
󺺿һ½ɫ˵
Ĭһȸ漴ųԶȥ
˸ͷȸղԭѰҶ
ͷȸǳǣܷﷶΧߵټȻݸǳĬԵʿȻǸȸǰЩڵλá
ԭҰ˵Ψһ취
ȻˣʿУ߳ݴշɹȻô鷳ֻڵʵеĳ̶ȣ̫Զ
ҲδҵҶԭ
һֳ֮齣鵶СĲǰĲݴԣκ죬ǰǰʮɵʿ
ǰһʿ
пҶǱСģʱ׼֡
Ҷ㡣һ㣬ұ̶֣ѵĻᣡ
ֽ֣֮һ齣Ŀ͸¶׺ݵĹâ
˲ǰĲݴԡ
ǣǰľȫ
ৡৣ
һĿʿ겻ʮ꣬ȴһн齣ȫһŽ
ڣһƬ⽣â֮С
𣡡
󺺿꣬ʱһаһ
ʿȻͣ£ԸǰʩչĽͻȻһʿȥЩм˪ݺݵ³һ֣
һǿҵѹ֣֮ϡ
׹ˡ뿪
¶֣̿һ˵ס֣֮ɣæ뿪ߡ
뿪ʮ֮⣬󺺱ȿܣ֣֮ɵֱ֮ܳ⣬ͣ
֣˭һʮ꣬ôηʲôΪǸߣˣҲûбҪ
֣֮ͣ½Ųɻ
մ̲ס֣֮һۣЩ񿴰׳һ㲻֪ԵǵĴɼǲ𣡰ǰϼʿڵĲʿЩʿܼɻ˿ǵϸҪɱǣҲĹ򡣡
֣֮ɵļ򣬸֣ϵܣҵʵ࣬СʿҲʿʦСǹʦʿʦɳǣҲͨʿЩɼ壬ʮϰʿǸû˼ұȡκʱ򶼲ҪЩӡ
֣֮ɵ˵ͷвΪȻʿҲһɳǲãɳǴɼȨû̵ᣬҲûԴɼη塣
ԭҰϸʲôҲɱޣ
֣֮ɸе֡
ǳĬԵˣͻȻһڣ׹ɳǴɼӣҪԼȥɱʯֻҪȫˡĲ㣬϶Ҫȥĵ㣬Ŵšкüµʱ䣬϶ԭҰ϶ʵս飡
й̶ʱ䣿
֣֮ɸɳǴһ£Ҳֻ֪ǲ֪Щ
ŴÿóʮŵӵԵѡγɫĵӡÿĩרһʱ䣬ҪŵӵܣȥЩȥԹ̫ˣųڶ㣬ͱ˳ʮӵֱռһ롣
ϧ
ָ˵˵ʲôʱҲȥԡ
֣֮˷ܵ
ڽڰԭҰϡ
֮ȸƬԭʿķֲȥһʺϵĵطЪϢɱһͷޣǱ߳Ա˵

ϣҶСӵʱӪء
Ӫʿֵտ⣬ţŽɱ޵ջ
⣬ҶһЦŸӪ˴к
ͻȻЩԣͷһ۸ոջҶһĿһâȣڶ㣡
Ӫ߰Ůʿ׷תͷոջҶĿ֮һƬ𾪣š
ߵΪͬųѹϢҲԵĲ졣һ֮ѹȻô̫ԣֻҪǴĴ⣬ܸоĵ
ɣҶ֣ȥʱһ㣬ڶˣô죬Щֵô
԰̲סҽе
԰ȥһĺúõģҶΪһ㣬ɱ޸ɣ϶ٵʯǲҲմ⣡
巴൱򶨣һ͵
ǵģǿҲˡȻΪҲ߳һˣ֮ǰ濴ˣ֪Ͳ˵ЩЦĻ׽һЩͺˣ㣬ƺҲ
ϽһֹۣţŹֵĿ⿴Ҷ
뿪ɳǵʱҶֻ֮ĬĬһԱԭҰ̶̵ʱѣʹʮһʿ֮У÷ǳҫۡ
Ҫ֪֧Сʮʿ֮УݺԬڶ㡣ͻȻһҶ
Ҷ˵ĿⶢͷëЩĪԶãһͷǰ£˺һ⣬Ͽ
編ӡӡӡڵĿȫˣӡҲҪɡ
ҶŪſ⣬ȴű顣


65 ս
ҶţľϵĿ⽥ð
Ӫ߰˴֮ƽָ˻ЦȻЩĽͼʣЩĽøʲôǵüʲôһ绹ǵȥɱޣȡʯźץ
ʱ֣֮ɺմ󺺵ʿݴԣӪмմ󺺣һͷ˶ãЦݡ
λֵܣ·֣д
մ󺺹ЦӪ˹ֵ
֮в޻ϵʿȻ˻ʯȡЩ鷳һӪȼҲԼȡ𣬸ɴһΪ㡣
а
ӪʿǴ˿ȥЦ
ԭҰϾԵǵʿ໥Сæȱٵ鵤ֹѪҩⶾ֮࣬ҲϡѰɳܡ鷳Ҫ˵ʱһС¾и㡣
ҶתľϵĿ⣬תͷһۣͻȻһĿ¶һâû뵽ǰ֮УһϱʿȻ֣֮ɡ
ҶȻվְ䵶һâʡ
Ҷ
֣֮ĿɨӪˣͬʱҲסͣסŲӪ֮߰УһŷǳϤޱʹ޵ס
ԭҰ죬طֹټƵʿɼӵܶȴʼûҵҶӰ
֣֮ģԼܲƬԭҰϰҶҳ
û뵽СӪڣͻȻϡ
Ҷҵˣ
֣֮漴ˢİγ齣ҧгݣɫŤĴޣһɲ޿ɱıɳڰҶ֣ԭҰû˼ɡ
Ӫڵնʱԣֻ֮׹ű
һȺʿֵ⣬׷׻վγ鵶齣֣֮ɺմ󺺵ʿ׼Ӧս
֣ϵܣ˵Ҷڶ㣡ƺʶ˲ɳʿ
մһɫγ˺ӪʿİΧ
Ҷʶĳң
ֽü

Ҷ˵ꡣٻһö򣬳֣֮ɺȥͬʱȻڵһ壬Ҳ֣֮ɹ˹ȥ
Ҷֵĳң԰ĳң壬ֵһɱ
԰һŭŵͳɱȥ
Ҳ󣬺԰һͬмĴ󺺳ȥǣƴ󺺣ȥҶͶϱʿɱ
㣬ô죬ҪҪ֣Ͻüæ
֣ɱ
һҧӽ˹ȥ
Ҷ԰塢Ǽһ֣ʣµʿҲ׷׶֣ʩչ˺ȥȺһԱĳޣǳתΪһȺսȻⳡսķǳͻȻûôʱȥô࣬ŪԵɣԷĵѾڲϣˡ
֣֮ɳҶȥһּ̧һˮҶϮĻȥ
ۣˮڰкȻ
Ծն
ҶҲûָһöЧ֣֮ɽһɾ룬˲һն
ߣƾèĵҲҸҶ
֣֮ߣһ㣬ܣҶȴȱ仯һԾն
ʮ
֣֮Х齣һŽһʮжʽ꣬ҶҪȥ
ߵĽУһո̤ɽһʿ˵еʱ߽зΪ죬Ȳķʹǽսʱ򣬸ˡ
ͻȻ֣֮ɴ̳һ˲䣬ǰҶӰһģ
֣֮ɼΪԼӾ⣬գ˼۾
̷֣֣֮Ӿ⣡Ҷ϶һķӰȻ٣ڳӰʮнʽ
ôô죡
֣֮ʧĿҶٶȷ
ɣ
Ҷɫ֮жһöĻȻ֣֮ɵؿڡ֮ǰöûȫһöһ
ٶ̫죬֣֮

䣡
֣֮ؿڣը
֣֮ɲҺһըֱӺɳɿ⣬ˤڵϡ
֣֮ץ齣һ㷭Ųĵ
ûбը
һѵ£Ȼһĵͽףյļ죬΢΢һ㡣⵽ĺڸѪڣˣδˡ
Ѿٻըѣڣҵͷð̽һߵӢˣȫһö֮¸ٵһɶ
ôڶ㣡ٶȾȻһ࣡Զҵˮһ
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֣֮־֮С
ɥʧ˼ȥģת㳯ӪԭҰӡ
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֣֮ɳӪïܵĲݴ֮п񱼣ͼڰԭҰ֮Уڰ׷ɱƵıļƻôãʮþȵĻɱеķӣȻһ¾ܣܵɴ䡣
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ҶĿ΢һ䡣
öԽ֣֮ɸըɷ顣û뵽׸ֵˡͽ׵ķ̫ǿһС򣬾Ȼûµһ
Ҷͷһ԰һȺ˸Ǵ󺺡ʿ˵ĶȻΪˣıȫѹסˣʤֻʱ⡣
ȥɱ֣֮ɣ
Ҷһ¼㣬ѸٳԭҰ֮У֣֮׷ȥˮԭѾһΣһξˡ


66 ֮
ʿӰһǰһҹڰԭҰϼٷɱ
ԭϰ޹⣬ӷΧС߿ʶ̽ΧһΧڵĻҹټϰ
֣֮ɻұ֮УʱĻͷһҶķλ
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ʶΧҪҶСһ룬òͷҶһҶӰ̻ҵĳȥһˮ赲Ҷ׷ɱ
ȻˮδܻУǶҲܸŵҶ׷ɱ
һҪǻҶĻˮ䲻ɶ˺ˮгٻ֮ЧҶļٶȳٻѴкô
ˮ̫û׼ͷ˰ɣ
ҶЦ׷ں棬һǰˮ̼һöؾ֣֮ɸĽͷöֻӵķݡ
֣֮ɳ񱼣ܿ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ԣҶٶҿ˽һΪʲôĸں棬û׷ƴɱ˼
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֣֮ɻ󣬷ɿĲ²⡣
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Ҫָһ᷸󣡡
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Ҷ侲Ĺ֣һöԶԶĳ֣֮ɺȥ
׼ͷ̫ãƫ֣֮ɵԱߣⲻ⡣ֻķѣҶгķĥ֣֮ɡͽףҲзޣҲͲסһĿ䡣
ֻҪҽղһ𣡡Ҳ㶷ˡʦ˼ɱ㡣һССڶʿܸڰ˲ʿ𣡡
֣֮ţƴǰܣź󷽲ϺСѾڣóɳ׷ɱҶ䵽ⲽءѸģ׷ȥ߶
֣֮ȫͻȻǰһƬï֣ܵʱϲһͷ˽ȥȥ
ֱȲԭãиߴľ赲ԶܴԶĻ
֣ͻȻ֣֮ɽһͣͣ¡
ǰԶһͷػɫ̵䡣
һϵʵ൱һʿʵô
֣֮ɼѵһ¿ˮϺˡ
ͷϵöڵϹţšߺߡѰŲݴеʳͻȻ̧ͷʳ̵֣֮ɡ

ʱ¶ŭɫϵ̣ʼɫâԽԽ
Ҫס

Ҷ׷ֵıԵͣ΢΢ȡ
ôһƬ֣ѵѾ뿪ԭҰ˺ֵıԵش
ЩΣգٲ׷Ļ֣֮ɿҪԶˡһ֣֮ѣ²ٳ֣ҪٴסǲˣǸʱҪԵǹʦ֣ԴΪֲǿУ
Ҷһ룬ҧ֮г˽ȥ
֣֮Ȼת˳֣һͷѾҶ쬵ĳʮ֮⡣
סˣ
֣֮ɻ׹ߡǰҶǸߴľľ
ߣ
ͳŭ𣬱̱һƹ⣬һɫ쬡Ĵ˳֣֮ɷȥ
ͣ
֣֮ɵıѾĵͽס
֣֮ҪҶɱȥͻȻеĳʹƺһǻӿѪڵϣһ齣ڵϣѪ֮г鴤ţͫɢҲŸո̤ʵ֮·ôܵҲģ

ҶһҪĻϢڰ֮С
ͷݺݵĹ˹֣֮ɵʬ壬̵֣֮ˣĺߺ˼ͷȥʧ֮С
֣֮ˣ
Ҷ˺һûжǰ֣֮ǰĵϣһº֣֮Ѿû
һͽ齣ֵʮʯ
һףѾأȥֻһʮʯ
һСȻ߰ٿʯһƿƿͽơһδѧĵͽ׷С
Ҷһ֣֮ϵĲƻҳһС龪ȣ֣֮ɸеϧ
ʦ֣ԴȻ֣֮ôƻ
һСǳֵǮڻôʯ֣֮ɳڴţ㹻һصĻöȣڶϣƫƫҪ׷ɱԼҲͰˣںɱ湻ԩġ
ڣЩʯˡ
Ҷ˷ܵЩƻжװСһ֣֮ΪҽҲΪҰ޵ĸʳ
ԭȿɸҩÿĵ꣬Ļʯⱻ˷֡ɸֻвһٿʯ
ͻȻ߰ٶʯһαȽϳʱˣδûɳǣԭҰһȫ
Щʯȫ֧õĲ㣡
Ҷܣûи̫ãһ뵽֣֮ɴɽʦ֣Դһֳѹ
ʦڰ˲ʿŴ֮һĽŵӣ
֣֮ɳǵļͬСӪص߰ʿ֪Լ֣֮ɷƴ˶࣬ѱܡ֣ԴֻҪһ׷飬֪ԼɱΨһ״ӣǺҪ
ȫ֣ԴԼ֮ǰҪԱ֮
Ҷҧأ


67 
ڰԭҰϡ
մ󺺺ͳĬˣǱʱӪأ϶һЩˣɥԭҰĿĵš
֪֣ϵΡ
ҶڶʿԶԸ֣ϵܡ
ԭҰϺˣǶȻɳǵ֣ϵܰɣһ£ûл׶༪ˡʱٴŸʦ֣Դ֣֮֮֮£
մһÿһ˵ţ¶֮ɫ
֣Ѿˣ̫⡣֣֮ɲһ֪ӼСɢޣѵҪɣ˷ְѾǿڳķˡҪǿʮʯҵķϣҲ˷ʱȥҳҡ
ǳĬˣ䵭

ҶպսƷ뿪˺֣ٳʱӪؼȥ
ʵ뿪ɳ֮ǰҶ˽ʿԸ֣֮ɵ뷨ɱ֣֮ɣ԰һʿ˴æαлǡ
ңҲҪ˽һ£ⳡƴԵɡ
ܽǵȴһ˵ûС
ûйãɫ
ҶӪأһȺʿ֮ΧһԭҰѰ䣬ҶȻأɴΪϲ׷Χ˹
Ҷ֣ʿʲôˣǶϱʿûУʲôޣһɱ
˷׷׼еʵ
ǶϱʿҶһȵʿһЩԹҪǣʦ֣Դǽʿڰ˲㡣ͬеˣͬ
Ҷ֣֮ɵĳԹǳ򵥵˵һ£
ڰ˲㣡ɱĵӣˣһ뾡һа취ɱ㣡ʿҪɱ㣬Ǻ赲
ʿʧɫ
һʿ˵ڰ˲ʿӡηǿʿһֻҲһȺʿҷ𡣻ǿԲںɱһһ֣֮ɣȴܲں֣Դı
Ҷɫޱ䣬Ȼ֪ǵĵĺη壬飬һһ˿£ǣ
ֻһ취ֹ֣Դ㡣
¶ɫ˵Ǿ㾡ĲϣŴšŵӵݻ֣ԴŲ޼ɵ׷ɱ㣡ϣ֣Ŵţиʱ䣬ڣǸʱ򣬲ס֣Դɱ㣬Ҳκβ㣡
һ취
Ҷһ£˵ͷĲҪٵʱ䡣ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ˣ֣֮ɵͬûУ
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ҡͷ
ҶЩأĻ֣֮ϢӦúܿᴫ֣ԴСȥ˽ţԮ֣Դͽƻ鷳һ֣Դ׷ɱ
ЩˣҪҪģȫ̵ʱڳĲ㣬ϣġ
ҶһԼ
ԭҰϵߵʵѾ̫ȥ
Ҷ˵׼ʵͷһ׺֣֮ɵ׸ʵԭҰϵС޿ɱȡ
Щ뿪ɳǣɱޣһʼȥʯʮһʿԸһͷӦмְա
һ£ͬȥУٷԭҰ
ȥֿɱһͷʯԶȵͽǿĶࡣ
Сʿ˷ܡ

ʱ֣ݡԬ֧ʿ飬ʮһʿһ𣬴ԭҰһƬֵıԵش
ڸ߸ߵϣżתͷҶĿ⣬˵ĸӣƤͣһһ۵СɢޣôҲڶأҸԬѾĲɿˣһµļһһһѵֵ㡣
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Ԭ˵ţڡ
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ɱ
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ҹһУʱķŭ׷ݣʿ쬡һɫ׺ʿȥ
ͣ
ȺһʿˣҽһһѪ
Сģ
ˣ
ʿȺ׺ޱȣ˿ɵ
ʿʱңæ˵ʿǱԭҰϿӣ׷Һ䡣
ҶڻҵʿȺ֮Уҵĳ棬Ҳް취ͷŻ򣬵ǳ̫ңδܺǳ˵ʿֻܷ˳֣ò˿ܡ
ʱ֮
Զ˺֣ھʿڲԭ¾ۼһδʿ֮࣬ҪܵĿ죬Ҫɥںˡ
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ڵͽʿͷɥ
ǻɱɱ

ɱ
ݺĵ
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Ԭ鳯ݵһۣľô뿪
Ҳ£
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һ֮ݡԬ顢Ҷʵǿڶʿ£취Ը
һʿ˵˽ΪȫԭҰȥԸЩΪͽ׵ߡȻϵƤԭϲֵ̫Ǯǰȫࡣ


68 編ӡ
ҶҲں֣ݵϣ¶һ˿мı顣
ϼʿԱʮӵʮɳڻӪȵ⡣ҵʿԱҹӶĵͽߺߣ㲻ʮ֮ࡣ
ȻȲЩ߼ۺҲͨʿɱȡ
һȺʮʿ֮УҲֻԬλԬϼӵܣʸΪҵĶ֡ԬΪӪӪһеȵĵҩҲ¡
ҶĲһ޼СɢޣڶʿʲôʸǶȣɶֻ֣ήԼݡ
ţһԬԬ飬һɱ˭ɱһͷһϵȵΣ
ãʵɱѶȼߡΪɱŹ̼Ҿͱһȣһ֮ڣ˭ȸɵһͷ
Ԭһɵ˵
Ƕ̸ţûаҶڱɱж֮С
Ҷޱ飬鵶һԲתǰ֣ʺϵĵطȥˡ
ǣԵһҶȥıӰʶ֪࣬ԼҶΪ飡һڶƽɢޣҲһԼݣȻҲҸҶ˱ȼ磡Ҵ⣬ӷǺݺݵʰɣҲ֪Լķ
Ҷˣղ˭Ӯ˭䣬ķڷʲôɱȥ
ԬΪȻĵ˵ͷ
λɳСɼĹӣͷֶȥ

ֺԭҰıԵһ԰ȫĵط
ҶĬ˷һö򣬺ǰյغȥһͷʮöС֮ķľһաӦûĲ෨ٰǼһö򣡡
Ҷƴեȡھļķ΢ĲţзһϷ۳һöС
䣡
Ҷһöھƣڲݵϣʼһڵͽ׳ɣơ
ɣССľѾݽߵķ˳չвСİ
һСƿɣƣɳмΪʯֻһʿö̶һʱһʡáҶԼɸƸ죬һϡ
Լ죬ҶķķٶȣÿĵҲ൱ľˣʮʯ
Եǣʿƽʱֻʯָֻڽ£ָ
ظҶһԾ¿ʼ
Ҷû˼ȥݡԬʲô
һʼҲûȥɱָֻΪ˷ѡ
Ԫ
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ʱȫ֮Уһȥ
֮
ӡľʮģȫˣ
ҶʶɨԪԱߵĻӡϸеķģĿһ⣬¶һ˿ϲЦݡ

Ҷһ̧һöԲĻ򣬳ϷöԭɼСѾһ˵İƴС౶
ֳǰһƣķ˳ȥ
䣡
ǰһþľӲɣֱӱըɷ飬ȼľȻ֮зΪҽ
ըһǧӻϵȼ˺ΧɣСļӡڷȫˡ
ҶзɿʱС
˵ʵһöСȡԾĵն࣬ǷΧС򻹶һµĻȼգҷΧ㡣
ҪǣʿСԶ빥ʮĵˣߵĵȫ޷֮ġ
һöȥʲôߣſ¡


ҶһƬС֮У缲
һӰΪһ磬Բ׽Ӱӡһʱʱμ͸һǿƣϮƺѾܳܵļޡ
Ҷҧÿһ缡
֮
編ӡٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮һ٣編ӡһģȫˣ
Ҷʶɨϲķ֣編ӡÿһĶڷѤõĺ⡣
磬̵ļٶȣգ֮伲ʮԶɵͿոߣΪݵʱ䡣
Ҷ缲ž˵ٶȣԵӰ


69 ʯ
һϵķ
Ҷӡ編ӡ֮˼֮С
ӡʯơˮ׻֡׶Լһ֣֮еõġСţδ
ʿܹģСɳǵ̯۵С࣬ԶֹЩѰıǧ֮࣬Ѹ̸ķҲӴ
ֻǴ󲿷ʿʱ;ޣֻѡмС
ѾһŹһٶȷĿǰȱһŷҪ㲹ȥʯͽ֣ǷͷʯֱӽƤתΪʯף֮һ֡ŷס
Ҷá
ѧʯ
Ҷ˾漴ʼԼĵӡʯӡ
ҶԪ񣬷һʶʯӡ
ҶĿĳ΢Ļɫ󸲸Ƥ漴ϵƤ㽥ʼʯƤһʯס
Ϊտʼѧʯǳıʯƹâʼֱۣӿزۡ˫ȣոȫÿһλƹʧ
ʯƤʵʻǿһԵĹâ
Ҷոһʯ׵ȭͷ̧һȭһԵľϡ
飡ϳһߵȭ
Ҷȭͷγ龪ȡ
ȭϣӦöٻܵ΢ķ֮Ƕһʯ֮󣬾Ȼδ֮ܵ
һʯԵܵ˺
ҶһüԼȭͷҵ˳ȥÿһȭþȫʼ˷
ʮȭ֮ҶϵıʯʼѣʼоȭھϴԵĴʹѪʼߣײֱȫʯѡ
ʯѵĸо˺Լļһǿҵľʹ
ȫʯ֮Ҷ漴ָԼһʯÿһʯ¼֮ʯøӼӲ
ǿȵҪǿ־֧
գҶʯӡϲķ֣ʯӡһѾȫ
Ҷȭͷȭͷһ糤Ѫۡʯףɴ˺ʯķͽ׵סķѾ൱ˡ
Ҷлһöûн˦ȥֱԼ߱ը
䣡
С͵ıըڵĻ
Ҷɿ⣬ڲݵϷһ£һԾѪڣʯѾѣǲδˡʯըͻ涼ֵ
һʯ֮󣬿Եֵһöıըȼյ
ҶսȭͷĿһâϻƹһʯ¸ס
Ҳζţʯ֮󣬲ԵֵסһھȥɱԼܲܶԸһϵȵޣ
Ҷʩչïܵĺ֡
ĵʶǿռһԹ̶ĵ̻ΪʳءֻҪĵ̣ҲĴܡһƬҵȽס
ҶȻͣ£ǰһͷ׳˶ڹŵ
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쬣
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ʱһɱӰŭĺһϻƹһҶȥҶ
ҶڰһΣԵײı۰ϡԭԴ̴۰򡣵ײı۰򣬱Ӳʯʹһþϡ
Ҷ۰ϵʯҲȫѡ

Ҷű۰ϵĴʹȫͳ塣
ʮɡ
Ҷתۼʮ֮ڣһӣ˲һöƴĻ򣬳ǰȥ
Ļ򣬶ʱʹܣö
˽ľ룬ҶʶٿµĻ򣬾׼̶ȼߣôܿ
䣡
ҽһӭУ޴ıըɡƤмǿķһöըϵƤ

ҶѾٳ嵽˰ĽХһĸʯȭ
Ӳıһз̣߽׵ҲȥӲıС򣬲̣ĵط
顢顭
Ҷǧȭĸըһڡ
ҷɳ֮⣬ײһϣ׹أѪڸˣ֫ѵҪվΣʼδ
ҶͣĿⶢ˵ڴӲӲĽûκλΣ潻֮Уһͷ൱ʵ

ɱһͷ
쬡쬣
ݺԬʿӰƬ֣һ۵ڵϵʧ
˲ҶģĿмʵķʮ죬ԷѾȥɱǶδܳɹ


70 ϵӡ
ҶͷǲѾˣϵģ
ָͷ˵Ҷȵĵһ
ʮΪɱûٳԿͷҹ壬նӲƴԵֶζɹǲͣƤʹʵǿûɹ
Ҷһ±ײһµı۰ʹ죬ûȥݵɣԬ飬첽ȥһһϢɱȻͷϰٽ뿪֡
ݺԬ˴վԭأð죬ŻعҶȻǸˡ
ǻըˣƿڴûһͷϧˡ᲻ͷɶҸղһɱ˵һһˣ׼ʮʯԬ飬˵ʲô°
ҶСӣûаҷ
Ԭŭ⣬ҶȥıӰŭ
һͷֵʮʯҶǵĶ̬ȡ
ɳǣںӵΪСɼӣȱڡʲôʱйӵĴУҲȨۺĴɼʿӵܣŻᱻӡ
ʿײԵǣֻҶƽʿΪֵõҶСƽӵǡ
̫
̫ˣеʵ˲񣬳ǻˣ
ݺԬ˶һۣ˶Էеŭ
Ԭ飬˵ǲǸʰļһһ٣Ҳ֪ԵǵĵؽϣǲƬͷˣ
ˣ
Ĭ
Ȼ˺ܾãڶ˺ִѹƽʿ飬ǸɹҲһΡ

Ҷ֣һ·еԭҰϣһȺʮʿڵʱӪءЩһֱûк԰һȺԺʿ档
ҶӪء
ʱɫӪѾ˲ʿҶŵһͷ׳˶ʱ˴˷ľ

Ҷһͷһϵȵɱˣ
ľʿǴӸԵڳǿҶ񶼱ˡ
ʵʿǰЩһȺʮʿΧ޷УƵĶӣ˺üˡ
Ź˶̶ʮչҶ㽫һͷǵǰ
ݺԬλүͬڶ㣬ںҪȥɱǵҲûмɱһͷ
ԣλүɱǿ϶޲˶֪ǵۺʵôʱ䣬޶
ζʲô
ѵҶڶ㣬Ѿӵʿʵ
ҶʵֻѾ⡢Ԭλү
ʿƤֱв²ܡ
Ҷ֣Ҳ̫˰ɣŹ˼찡
԰ѾǰǾȣֻó羴ĿҶ
ԼڳЩŵҶСŵĴġҶѾڶ㣬ҲûҶôɱһͷ
ҶӪڡ
С㣬԰壬ǰЩǰ˳ְ赲ǶϱʿĶͬҲûʲôֵǮĶֻлǳ֮ͷӦֵʮʯܻʯҲࡣͷȥɱͷһΪл
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Ҷ˵ҪлİˣָȻ԰塢ϽõһˣûаʮʿҲȥ
Ҷ֣ǳֺˬСȱʯأһͷÿ˶ֵܷüʯ
лҶˣкôֵܣֵܰ
԰˴ϲ˷ܵĲ
ϽüЦ˻ǿҶԽԽ˳ˡ
Ӧõģ
ҶЦ
ֻԼ֪лĲʲôɱ֣֮ɣ߰ٶʯ㹻ȫ¡ûʿֽס֣֮ɵͬҪɵɱ֣֮У⼸顣
߰ٶʯȫΪָܷˡ
ɱ͸ˣȴ޷ﻹɱܻ֮ǰ˳Ƿ飬һá
аҪȫҲþȥȱʯҪȻϺչôأ԰壬Ƕұ죡
ȴһţæ
һ˵԰ҲɵˣͻȻҶһǿĿµĳУԥǵȻҪͷҲ֪ҶǿУҪʵʯȫͷǣҶԼûˡ
ǣҶΪҫΪ˻Ƿµ顣ҪȻαشԶͷ
ҶҪ
ȴա
Ҷһ£ɣϵƤëԭϣɳˣʯ֮ĸҷˣʣµһСָҡҲİ
ԼȰ˵Ҳ޷ıҶļֻ֣Э
ʣµð죬ͷֵǮԭȡӪڵһʿɳȥ˱ǣٰʯָʿ
ɣ
Զ֣ó鵶Ƥëʿ
ʿһԿš
ЩѪܣԽƺΪ죬ûʲôϰߡ
Ƥëٿ֮鵶ͷüĲλСĵڿһڣϸƶʱѪ⡣ڳһСŵƹâ΢С״
ͷȻһöӡ
ӡ¶ϲ
ӡôҲзӡ
޵ķӡ
ʿĿһĻʧǻǵһοͷȡķӡ
зӡͷŷ
޵ķӡģϵӡ
ߵķӡһΪϵӡ󲿷ֶʿģϵӡƳģҲһСȫԴķӡ󲿷ϵϵķӡԹáһЩ츳ӡֻضʩչ
ӡҪһǣӡԡκβȱᵼӡЧ
һСĵöӡܱߵѪ⣬һ߽͡Ƿẉ֪̂Զʿࡣ
ϵӡӡһСӡɹ¼ŵĻֵһʮʯöӡǳ֪ǷͷͻҼңõ̵ʦϸһ£ӡǷˣжٷġ
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71 Ѩ
գϽôƤӡԼԼʮջĸԭϣԵǣʯٹ鵤ʣԭҰ
ҶӪʿǣص֣Լķ
ĿǰҪԪ׷ͨ;ǿʵ
Ҷڶ㣬ա硢ʯСѾʵǻԶԶҪ˵Ըʦ֣Դڰ˲ǿСȥɳǵʸ
ɱֻ֮˳ȥ顣
ʯӡѾɣСơСӡǿСʵ
Ҷš
ŷķӡѾյԪϡ
Ҷʳָָзӡܿ죬һ糤СгָϷ
Ҷĸܵӯȿȫͬ
Ҷһָ
Смڰлһɫâ
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дʮ֮һϣѳһ糤ϸСпӡ
Сǵٹͷ󣬲ıըǷйĿٶȼ죬ԶȻҪࡣ
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Ҷּһɫ״һ²ƷסԽƶ
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Ҷøе档
һ£ӳʯ֮Ķ֣ƷһЧҪƳƣֻܿƷֱ˺ѡ

ʱ䣬ҶһкͲƷһڴɱøַԸá
ҶеǣݡԬϣ˵ɫÿʱ䳰ȷϼ䡣
Ҷˣ֪λɳɼӵܣûҲǳԸɴܱܣʡľ塣
峿ʱ֣ҶС֮С
ڳѧˡС͡ơ֮绢Ȼûȫɣ⼸ѾɱһƬĺüͷ
ߺߣ
ǰĴ֣΢ϸۡ
ǳĵͳôôϸۣ
ҶɻĲǰҵĲݴԡֻһôһҵĿݲݣһѡһͷɫڳѨẹ̈ڿݲҹߺ߽лš
Ѩһͷ̣
Ҷʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һͷ̣ɳǵۿǽһٿʯ㲻ŸԼޣҲͦʺϵսͦá
Ҷ׼ȥѨڵץͻȻоһǿҵΣոȻ˳
쬣
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ҶĿһʱȫë͵̤˲䷴䣬ϮķС
ͣ
ٶ̫죬Ҷȫٶܣδܿ
дҶĴȴȻϣϱгһ⻬ĿӡҶĴȴиĵطһСƬʯѾѿ
˭
ҶأһȻͷŭĿԲɣǵйķȥûʯ赲УԸˡ
ңֻǸһССĽѵ
Ԭ˵ӰʮԶһƬݴ֮У˳֡ЩԶδҶǷˡ
ͬʱݴһݴԣҲ˳вٿһöΪ⴦Ѩͷ֡ͷǵģԹˣ
Ƕˣɣ֮жҶγ˼л֮ơҶԸ˭⵽һ˵ķϮ
ҶԬ顢ݶˣɫʱ
ЩһֱһСƬֲ⡣ݺԬڸһƬֻͻȻСƬᳲѨڵޣǴ٣
ҷҪȡͷأ
Ҷͷѹһŭ⣬
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ѵ㻹һ˶ˣ
˿ɶڶʿһϵһϵʰС˼һСƽʿѵͬʱԸˣ
Ԭݶ˶һۣһЦһЦ
ʰ𣡡
Ҷɫ˵¶Ȼڵһ壬ٳҲݡ
Ѿã޿ˡղʵ㹻ǿ϶Ҫˣɳһ²ָܻٲһѵֻ䱾
˵ĺϻȴݡ
ѽ㻹Ҵ򣡴ʹ򣬱ӻ㲻ɣ
¶֮ɫһ̽һöƴĻ򳯳Ҷͼ赲ҶĿ
Ҷǰ壬ݵĻײϵʱζȻٽһһ֮ĽӭĻܿѻ
ͬʱҶлһŸĻ򣬳ȥ


72 ǿѹ
ĻôҵĻ󣿣
Ȼһ
ԽζűըҲ׺ϵ̫ļɡ
ɫ䣬һתڴпܣһ׼Żһ߳ԬԬ֣֣סҺԻãٶٶ̫죬Ҫ׷ˣ찡֣
ҶзݣĿ׺Ķݡʰˣǲݵġ
׷ݵĺ棬Ѹ֮ľ롣ϵʿͻϵʿ֮ٶȲ࣬Ϊԡ
ס
Ԭƴ׷ҲˣæһУҶı
ٶȼ죬޷ܿ
ҶĴ̶ûϮķУҧӲͦͣķдҶı󣬴ʯеྡྷ͸ڣѪ
Ҷƺһͬ⵽һȭȻһΣǷɿס׷Ҷӵݡ
ԬԼһлҶɵĴϲϼҶȻûһ׷ݣʧգСģһǴ˿ףҵķ˲
ҶѾ׷֮ڣö򣬶Ȼĳ˽ľ룬ǰٷк
ݸеһϢ֮£ԼĻҺȥĻַɳҶĻѾˡ
䣡öСͬĻײը
ҽһʱıըըɳȥˤԶԡⱬը֮Ѿ㹻ܵˡ
ҶûȥɵݣڰжȻһת򣬳׷Ԭ鼲ٳȥ
Ԭ飬ˣ
Ҷȵ
ãôͱʰˣ
Ԭ󺧣æӣӼСԭǺĶԸҶģݱɣ˵ĺϻ֮ѱƣĶʱһ롣
ԬȻ񱼣ʮɵҶһۣҶȫ׷Ҳ޷룬ɿϲЦ׷ҵģ޷ϵʿٶȲ֮¡ҿɲǷҲֻܺҴƽֶѡʤңΣ
ʿӰڻΪӰȫټɡ˼ԵİУ㼣̤ϣı任ŷ
𣡡
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ԬֵĻͷƳһۣĿʱһͣ¶һ˿֮ɫʧľϵʿĲ㲻޻ϵͷϵôľϵĲ
ҿôӣ
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ԬǰһߣȻת򣬼ٶĲͬʱһУҶȥ
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Ԭ鱻һУ˲䱻һסʧȥƽƣһͷӰԵĵϡ
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ҶȣȭͷĳԬͷĴȥֻһһٷȭͷԬĻͷתҲ
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Ԭ飬ôҲʰˣһָʰأ
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Ԭһ죬ϵˣʱʹֱС
ݡԬ鳳˼䣬ܿ찲Ҷ
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ҶץסʲôɱɱǰǿɳǵɼӵܣҪǸɱǡɳһᷢͨץ㣬Եǡйû֮أ
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ﱼڵԽԽ졣
ܿ죬һȺʮŮʿĲϣǸɫǡ黢Ӻָж
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Ŷԭݰô˴ôҰ
ʿϸ˿ݵӣڼЩӡ󣬲ɵĺǺһЦ
֣СܸСӶС˸ͷְһѣСһѵ
ݾϲҪָҶæ
͸߹㣬ǣһ㣬Ҳڲڶ㡣챻ʰһ٣Ҳ㳤ѵûϹ֣ȥɽǻɳȥ˰ɡ
ϣƽĸһۣԦ񱼶ȥ׷ͬеʿ
ˣ
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ҶԶݵ
磬ɳǴʿӵܣɳǲĴ壡ÿ궼еӰŴš
ˣʶһ𣬶ҲɳǴɼʿɽһȽʺĲʿҲֻʿзݡÿһ뱻Щӵռˡ
ɥ
ЩʿԵĶ֣
ҶսȭͷаݡԬ˵߰ɣ
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ݺԬ׻ͷԳԭҰȥ
ɳǰɣҲûȥӪؼˡ
ҶһҲ֪ðģʵô죡һأҲҪֻɳʿŹʸ񡣡


73 
Ҷ֣ǴĳѨڣͷɫץ
ϵë̻ͻ֡
ʹҪ۾Ҷ֮ҹߺߡлš
ҶһЦ
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Ҷſһ£ɳһâĹŻᣬɰƴСС
Ҷͷ̷ڹŻϣಡ˹ŻڣֽŻСУƵü蹬ĹʶڣΪһɸ졣
»ȡ̵Ḷ́Ҳһգ۵Ĺ
ȻԶҪһգ۹飬ҲΪѡ
Ҷ൱
ɸŻʹЩ鷳³ȡҰɸŻ

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СྪߡɸϣһֱֻɸڣҶԪ֮⣬û޳ֹ
ǵͽ̣ոץġšС֪࣬ôͷ̣
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ʵҵȻƬʳ˵϶ǳԵ
Ҷܿµĺۼ֮УҵϲԵļֵͽݣɸڽ֡ҪʯǺġ

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ҶһԼڵʯֻʣʮˣһ춼á
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˰ٶʯ㹻ʮͨһϼ£һһ¸ù⡣
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⣬ɸڵḷ́õ㹻ʳϣҲѾɿĳɳΪһеޣԼ൱ڶʿʵԷɿͷų
ҶʵֱԵǾԿֲ
ûɳǣһЩʯŹá뿪ɳôãûȥһˣһɳǣԭϣԭҰͺڵõƤҰҩ֪ԼȥѰҩԣҲ̫ԼҩʯԴһʯ֮´γɳǣȥɽ
ҶţԾңгʮɣʩչ˺֡
ںֵıԵҵԼƥɳǶȥ
ʱ֮ҶԵ⡣
Խɳǣ·ϵʿԽࡣ
Ե⣬һ֣ʿԼ̯ĻӣŴݸϡ̯λмΪȴ޷ɳǵߡ
ҶӣŽֵɳڡ


74 
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Ҷţβܼ֮ڣһ㹻ʯź뿪Եǣ
ʯĿʮ飬Ǹߴһǧ顣ÿĵʯֻԽԽ̫࣬ٵʯá
ԼɸҩԡƸȵȹãܹѸٴʯģĿǰֻҩҩĹãµպá
Ҷɸֺͨĵͽҩóȥ꼸ҩԵɵļǮֵϰ̯չɢݵҩ̷
ҶɳĬĬţΪ͵ҩȻע⣬ǻȡʯ൱
Ҷ˼죬ֻһٶʯЩԽֵֹͣЧȥҪһ²ǧʯ
̫ͽ׵ҩֵǮʮҲʯ߽ҩ
ҶʼɸָΪֵǮҩ
Ҷ⾪ϲǣصɳǵĴϣȻͻڶСϣ㡣ԪҲٴ׳˼֣ƶСʶҲõչ
ʯȻû٣ΪͻƣҶܡ
⼸գʯ֮⣬ҶҲԼĺá
Ҷһٶʯӽֵ̯һԦ޵ţѧԦǵ̷̯˵Ԧһֹͨʹ˵ͼܹתܹ׵ķʽ
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Ҷܿ췢һµ⣬Լ޷ʶͬʱٿ޺ͻ֮Ĺͷ硢ʯ֮ǹԷ⣬ʶٿء
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Ҷǰһ۽Ĵƣһ̸ڡ
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ɬĵײʿĴֻηڴûмٿʯףִ棬Ҳֻиɵ۵ķݡ
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Ҷ࣬鵤ҩĹ̨ǰһλʵǰЩ淢һҩʹǷԸգ
ʲôҩ̫ͽ׵ݣǲյģ
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СĶ죡
ǹ¼ɫԣæ죬ҲҶʡ
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ʱһϡĲҩ˶֪һЩΪƧĵص㣬żѲժҩղҩ˵й棬⵱ȻйԶϲ·
ղðˣҰ׼ҩġҶηǳҰ׼Σٿʯ


75 ۣ
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׿Ҳŭ⣬ֱ̨ǰһָڵģЦҶԪһζҩҩҰһֻҵһµҶΣѲժݵҶΡڴҩȻҲҶΣǱϾֻõҩָʮꡢһͲժˣ֮ã㡣ֻĽҩŻϺüꡣ
Ҷݹ㣬Ʒҩʿʹãٲ٣Լ´ʱ䡣ٿʯȥƺͦģʵѹ˼ۣ۸˲鰡
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׿ı飬ʱʮ־ʣôҲû뵽ҶȻеڶҶΣǸҲ֪ѿǰպڡ
һݵһݵҶֵð˰ٿǮܺݺɨ棬ݼߵҶ䵽С
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֪ˣֺαظ̧أһ겻͵ˣ
Ҳû뵽ıʣʱϲ⣬üЦˡ˵㣬ٿʯң׿˰˰ٿεԩ߼ǮһҶΣû˸һҶˡ
߰ٿʯڳɽĻȥ̿
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ˬ죬׿棬˷ܺҶ˵
׿ɫ࣬ɨ˰ҶһۣУת뿪һСģȻһѣˡ
ҶּۻۣҶʮʯļǮʣµһݵҶ˰ݵҶһǧİʮĸ߼ۣѾ߳ҶԤۼ۵Ľһ롣
ҶԴ˻Ǹе൱⡣
Ҳ⣬ȻǮԭҪ߳һʮ飬һ뵽׿˴ȴ໨ٿʯԩǮбʱһˬ졣
ǰ𣬰ϼӵܡ̨֪ôƺ
Ҷɢޡ
ԭҶֵܣպٲժĸҩֱ͵Ұ׼ҩ˵ҰѣƹĿ϶߼չ
˵꣬Ҳû˼Ҷ˵뿪˷ܸϻɳǰ׼ҴԺ׼ȥԪݵҶƳԪʿ洦Чѡ˵ܳĲ㣬صɽ¶®ᣬһ뵽㾫
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СʶǮȽϹ˵ҲҪٿʯߵĹ̨㿴
·ɿܵ


76 ҫ
ҶΣҴһصڵİ׸
׸һռʮĶլԺ¥ͥԺأɽϺõľɣɽ԰洦ɼ֪ϡ黨ݡլסŰϼٿۡ
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ص׸첽ڵԺһӺݻӴԺڳ
״ˣ
æ˵Сһԣ
Եǵɴ壬ҹ࣬ȻǸ֮ҲŷȽڣ˿ԽΪ׼ҵӣȻܳ谮ҲҳֳĮӼҹ档
ˣҪŵʲô
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ҸմҶΡ
ѹֲסϲɫ˵
Ұ׼ҩеҶΣΪҪȥ򣿣
ӱ˫֣һüͷ
״ˣһݵҶΣǼҲֿϵҶҲһݣԲһꡣ
æͣд򿪣ֵ˹ȥ
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˽ӹУһһг߳Ĵ׳ҶΣ¶֮ɫ
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Ҷ˿ƪɾϲ
˸ߴٿʯʶķͦġʶǹ࣬Ҳζܹͬʱٿظķޡ


77 
ҶšŵҳϸԴ˹Ľܡ棬˵ĹЧ֮⣬ϸ˵ŵһЩơ
ʶ֮ʱһҪԼʶѡǰ޷ʶʶʶ˺
Ϊ˰ȫʿֻĵһ㣬ʿֻڶȵȡԴƣʿðգԽ׳ԺĹ
ҶĿ⣬ڡмǣǿĿּϡ⹦ʿҲ߻Ϊǿ⡣
ô˵ԼΪֻĵһˣ
Ҷ΢΢ɻҡҡͷ
Щһɣ
Ҷķŵĵڶҳڶҳ棬һССɫСӡ
ĻӦþǡķӡ
ҶѧϰӡѽϤһӡ
ಣ
ӡһ΢ڹâҶڣԪԱߡСӡһֺܹϢҶеڡ
ҶǿסֲʣųԼʶȥСӡ
ӡһɲǼ䣬ʶ类иһľʹ

Ҷʱҽһֻоĺڵ˺ѿ
ҲһȻ˺ѣһһ˺ѡ
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ʶ֮ʹȹ֮ʹ޴ڡؿʹβڻգɣʹƫƫ޷κηʽȥֹס־ʹ
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ĵڴϣסǿҵƣ룬˯ȥյ֮£ڿٵתš

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ҪΪһ㣬̫ƣˣҲ˯μ
ǰԺʱ˹̫ˣЩɡˣץǣҵΪ̫ˣ˷أ̫֮ͨңԶˣ
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ˣӦԪˣ
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ҶһϷһö򡣽ţϷֶһööƯţָʹ
ͬʱٿ˫ʶӴĺôǻǰһʱֻܲٿһöڣͬʱٿ򹥻Ŀꡣ
ҶΪܺϲá
ྡʹ࣬Ҳջ˾޴ɹ
ڿһ˵ͬʱͷ
ҲԦʹСһһͬʱԵж
ʶĺô֮޴Զ׼ġ
ҿ϶ݺԬСӣһֱֱӽǣѶپ
ѧˡһ㣬˴Чáѧĵڶ㣬ӵĵʶԸʿһ浹ƣ
ҶȻĶĿ⿴򴲱ߵǲᡶ
һ뵽ʴǵľʹҶʱɫ˼С죬Ȼ˵뷨
ˣһ㣬Ѿ㱻ڵİڶʹ࣬ǵһ˫ǳܲס롣ǵӰȥ˵ɣ£ٿǴ¡֮ʶˣס
ҶԼ־ѾΪǿǲ׳Եڶ㡣
ҶֹѪҩͿϱץ˵˿ϡ


78 ɽ
ҶԵڣ죬˸Ƶ׼
峿ʱ֣Ҷɳǳţ̷ֵҵһ̷һķѿּۻۣһһʮʯһƥͽ׵Ϊ׼ǰɽ
ԲܵҰ޵ľţٶϱױҪ
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Ҷȥ
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׿ǣƥȺк
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ЦЦݲԾĴżɬ
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ΪԵǵĴӵܣƽսύļǴӵʿٲҲСгɫʿûôɢ޴ɢûй̶޹׺ͼʿ
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һʱ˲ŴƬҩڵɽĺϸ
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ЩȪСһȪԱߵɽŨһܹ֮࣬ٵĻָʿķÿһȪԱߣһ®ᣬɹһʿסʿ®ӣڴ˵ٶ֪ɳʺԪĵطٶȿ죬ʡʯѡ
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һٶʮ®ᣬ޹̶ˣȪӣÿ®ᶼһλֻҪʵ˭ȥѾ˸ϳȥܹʵռס®ģȻɳʵһʿ
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һҶҶ̨ɽһطȥʮߺ®ᣡ


79 ҹ
׹ӣܰæģ
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һ¶Ȼ֮ɫһɽһʵɽɱȥɽ֮ϣǶʮߺ®֮ء
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׹ӻˣ
Ҫˣڶʮߺ®ȥҿ׼ҹӿϣҪһǰϳ®֮𣡹֪һΣܲܰ®
죬Ҳȥ֣
ڵʿȶɲ׿
ϱߣȺΨֲҵʿ׷˷ܴдԣɱķ׷ȥ¡¡ɽϣ˸Χ𶯡

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ǰʮ®ᣬȪеȣԼɽЩСľӵܣҪǰʮ®ᡣ
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Եÿǰʮڰռɽ®һٶʮλʿм֡Ӱռ®Ҳʿʵ
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ҹĻ֮ɽϵǿǹ㡣
ڶӪȼĺϣ졣
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80 ս
Ҷɽϴ˶ʱ䣬ύһЩɢޡϾҶɢ޳ԵǵĵλɽΪûжٹ֮ģױϤ
ͨϾ̸ҶŪɽ®Ĺء
®ǳޣʿΪŴŶó®ᣬֻгսһ;޷ռȪ®ʿֻں۰ͰĽķݡ
Ҷ֪ɽɽһٶʮ®ᣬÿһλʿжǿʵʲôս
Ҷ˼һ֮󣬽ԼĿ˵һٺ®ᡣ
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ҶһһԼ˵һԼҪ뿪ɽϣǰȥɽ壬սһٺ®֮
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Щɻһ䣬ԭȵĲмֽ彣ĳһâ齣˰ۣǿ˱֪˽˺ܾá
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ŻͫѸٷŴѾ¶֮ɫ
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82 
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ۿҪʤˣһ˲䣬Ȼ̡
࡭Ѿˣƣ޷ȥҶռϷ硣
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ʿǶЩͬࡣɽһɢʿĿУҲһʿĲҰܣ˵һصĴ
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ܹɽһٶʮ®֮Уռеһ®ᣬɽκһɢ޶ҫ
ҪǣǳݾŴŵϣڡ
ΪÿԵǳľʮ󲿷ֶǴɽ®һٶʮ֮еġ®ᣬҲ͵ڶ˶ȡʮһϣ
ռݵһٺ®ᣬʮǳĽǴֿɼ
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սߣֻм䡣

ҶѾԼĲ˺һȥ࣬Ȼתͷƽϵĵһٺ®ᡣ
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ûͬ顣
Ҫûʱ䣬Ҳûʸȥͬ顣
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83 ζ®
ɽһٶʮȪ®ᣬսÿһն®սȡϢ˳λԽ®ᣬսԽ࣬ҲԽױȡ
Ҷڵɽ壬һ®ᣬֱǵһٺšһһʮһšһһʮš
սߵɽ֮һٺ®ǰԥһӣͷĿ¶׹ĺޣ漴תֱһһʮһšһһʮŶȥ
Ȫ®֣Ҷڵĵһٺ®Ե÷徻
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Ҷɽڶɢ޵ĿڿഫУҲС

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蹬ɸڡ
Сڣн
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Ҷϵܣ֪֪ЩɳǵɢƵʲô
ƵǣǰʮλǰʮλСʿռšЩɢޣƴǰ壬ʼճ岻ȥɽλλɢȻʮ®ᡣ
ЩɢޣľȻԭʮ®ˣʵ϶ҪŴŵģܶɢ޶֧ȻΪֵɢޣϰٺˣһӦǸȻܶ®СӵܣҲȻֻԣ
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Ҷ˵Ȼ׼ʮ®ᣬǾҪ׼ǣ֪ʮ®֮ԪϣóķӣԽϸԽáһ㣬Ҫ֡Ǯ֡
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ͷһɽ壬ͻȻҶϵܵӺܳղĹĶҲûκðͷǰͰఴԼ˼·ȥսʮ®
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ҶֵϳɣΪӦò⣡гһճΪŵ洫ӣǲĴɽ

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һٶʮλ®֮սΪغʽһЩʾսԡͨλ®ȥǷһλ®š
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սգҲȥ֣Ҷ
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ЩСӵܶԴ˲ΪȻһƾʵ˵ɤźٴҲûáһսĽ˵Щ١

ʮ®ᡣ
ԪһϮòãϥɫ
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Ԫһյս㽫һЩ׽ʿ׷ʿϼʿһЩСŷ̽ʿ
˿̳ԪĶ棬ʮʿһŶԲߡ
֣ҶֱԽʮ®߲ư
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һй
֣ҪҪ֮󣬰ֵǰʮ®սռˣҶˣȻֱԳΪɣܾսҲ޷ս
æ
Ҫұս⴫ȥ˵ҲһɢޣҪЦҳ¼ҵ涼⣬ҳ¼ôԵ㣡
Ԫüͷһŭ
֣Сܾ˼ֻҶһУҲһС
æ
ûãҶ®սӵսȨսߵǰ档ǰŶսռʮ®սλԽֱսҡλλߵ®սңս˺һնѡⳡսʹ˳ȥʱ®սУҲûκ塣ұҶˣ㱻ֱӽһٺţ϶ĴС®ڵſҵЦأ
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ж̶£û̫뷨ֻҪռס®ƽĶȹ£ŴŵĻܴ˳ɼ
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Ԫü˼һ£ͷЩҶսұӦսҲ֪ҳԪܰаռסʮ®ᣬôǵġҪȡҵλãҸϵһٺ®ȥûôס


85 ˮ
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һƬӶɽ֮пٳľ޴ƽأǵʮ®֮ء
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ȺѹѹһƬϸⳡս˫ʤգֻճսһ̵
ʵʮλ®֮սͨڶʿǰսⳡսЩ壬ڶɢеǰ
ʮ®ԪĿҶǰǷ®
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Ҷ
Ⱥɽ·ʯףȻ
Ҷڶַ鵶᫵ʯףɽ塣
ԶǮɽһȺɢޣһ֮ࡣ
̶գĴݷɽɢޣƾŹ㷺£һɢȫ֧Ҷ®
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Ҫ֪κһͷС
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䵽һٺ®ᣬŵϣ½ʣ²һϣ
սֱӹϵҵܷΪŴŵӣϵҳϼ˥ǰ;Σұȡʤ
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ȻˣޱȽŵĻ׷ԪһȺʿ
ԪĳɰܣҲǵ档վڳԪһʿǣܲš
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ΧǧʿȺ֮Уʱ
ʧˣ
飡
СһڳԪʧĵطδУֱӴڼӲʯͷϣ̳һۼԪѾԭ
Сͣº߽УãȻͷҶɶĵ˲֪ȥˣʲôط
ҶֽŻ鵶Χ
ʶ˲ɨʮɵƽأĿӡʶҲԪӰ


86 δȫ
ΧǧʿȺʱȻ
Ԫˣ
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ҪơˮáۡҡۡҪȡˮˮ׼ܿˮʿλã
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ʿǳָָ㣬۷׷ס
ʮ®ǰڡ
ҶŻ鵶ĿɿĴս΢΢
ںʮ®ʱ򣬱ǮɽȥԳԪĵϸϸĴ̽
ԪĲ㣬ʹˮ齣ˮϵͨˮϵСˮˮˮǳԪɱﵣΪôܹڶսߡ
ҶԪλɳСӵܵϡ
ڳԪˮΣе⡣
ˮһĿӺʶ޷̽ˮʿҪڳֵһ˲䱩¶λáˮһ֣ǽɱѷ
Ҳ֪Ƶˮõİ취ۡ
רŻһɳǣҶΪһᡶۡţǾȻûҵɳǣۡżΪϡ٣ȡˮ١
Ҷδ򵽻ţҲû۶ԸԪĴ㡣
ңˮ˵ѡˮһɣ۷ͬˡˡۡţҲЧⳡ֮ûá

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Ҷҡҡͷų˻򡢷зըȫ뷨
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Ҷа
Ҷ֪ʵѾѧ˺ܶࡣ
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κһŷҪĴʯÿһСͶ룬ٿʯѧķԽ࣬ԽʯҪͶʱ;
ǣɳǵһڵɢʿʯһһٶʯ滹дĿܶ
ԪλСӵܣֻרˮˮС
Ҷ˰ϵŸС⻹ΪɸܹԼƻָĻСķѵʯֹǧ飡

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ˮ齣ϣ״ˮ齣ĽϣâڡһԾˮ齣򽣱ӣ˲ӵԪ󣬼ϡ
׻ǲˮ齣ȥִ׻ֵס׵Ĺ


87 ʤ
Ԫеˮ齣С׸Уˮ齣ֶɣϣʱһԣһɲǼʧȥơ
Сʱ˷ܵĺߺ߽һ̷ƹâ쬵ıһ
飡
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飡
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ڶʯָȫ취Ҫһʱܽķȫָ
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Ȫ˵ǿļš
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ҶڱȪˮУȪ£ΧɫұڣЩ֪֡
Ȫ®ĵ£ɿʮͣĴӵѿʯ֮ӿȪˮ
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Ҷա
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ʯڿȪʯѷ֮ڣûȪ֮ˮӦòԵ޹ʳ֡
ҶץһұѷϣͺһһģҪұɫʯһ
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һ졣
Ȫұ΢΢һ𣬾ȪˮĲǺָܿƽ
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һʱȪµɫʯѷ죬һ߶ȥӲɫʯ
ҶЩͣ鵶
̫ˡ
˭֪üڶҵԴ
˵£Ҳڲһʲô鱦
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ȥһССʿһӿҲ޷ڳʲô鱦
ȪãɳǵʿӦû˶ֻ֪ûܰұѷڴҲ鱦޷ߣߵȪò󡣹ڣû취ڳҵ룬İ취
ҶȪˮУյš
֪ɸܲЧ
ڱ´Ժʱɸ῿ҩʯԶǸȥ
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ҶĿоһʱһȫȫٹעɸŻڣɸŻȡұڵ
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Ҷۼֿ죬һץ˹ȥŵɫˮץС
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ҶϲץеҺ飬ǳһˮҺֿɵΡ
ಣ
Ҷһ֣ˮɫ⻪ɸŻڡɸŻѸټȥɸŻСڡ

ҶһԾȪ£ˮ棬ˮ飬®ڡ
ʮ®ȪҪȪ鱦ȡˡ

Ҷ蹬ʶһɸϡ
СྪȵĿɵ϶һŵɫˮҺţףʲô
ҶһԪѾɵľз˳ҡͷǴһȪȡ鱦ӦȪ֮ԴɣɸڣӦÿ콨ҿɴһȪˡ
һȪ
С꾪ȣûзԡ
ɸָĽʵҲ֪һЩʲôҲֻҶԼȥ
ɸڻвٵĿյأҩԵԱ߰ɡҿȪܲҩԣ
СɿĿһɵͻȻЦ
Ҷ®ȪڣȡһЩ֮µʯ飬ɵһ΢ȪȻŵɫˮ˽ȥһЩȪˮȥ
ɸɵϣһ΢͵Ȫ
ȪڵǵɫˮţͣͷųˮŵɫԽԽȪڵˮܿŨ
ɸڣеתǿʯͷ֧š֪Ȫǲǣ
Ҷһ£Ȫڶ뼸ʯ
Ȫ֮ԴѸٵĽʯȡȡȥ
Ȫ֮ԴȪˮʯԼָԭȪô£ɽһٶʮȪ¶ԴԴϵĲȪ֮ˮ
Ҷȡ
ԽԽ⡣
ɸڶһ΢͵Ȫ΢Ȫ˲ָзڹؼʱüġ


92 ǣ
Ҷһɸȡʮ®Ȫ֮˷ܾȥΪڶǹǿҵƣ룬ٶϯ
®ڣϯس˯ȥ˯ķǳ̤ʵ
̶̵Ķգνջ޴
ԪͻΪ
Ҷ֪ɽɽһٶʮλ®֮УֻôʮʿﵽΣҺܶһֶǴӵܣСӵܡ
ɽһɢ֮Уʿɢ޴ﵽʱһ綼ʮ꣬ԵŴšڶʮ֮ǰɢһֻĲ㡣
ԪΪϣҶѾɽһСȺ®ʿվͬһ߶ȡ
Ԫȡͻ֮⣬ҶԪͻƵʱðʧܵľ޴Σգǿˡڶ㡣ðջ˳ɹһӵĵʶ
Ҷɽм®ʿʶĵ
֪еѶȺΣաԿ϶ǣϡ٣Ԫﵽϡ١˵ʿҲṫǵɱš
һջɸһָܻȪ
Ҷڼܿ϶ʵȫȥսɽǰʮ®Ҫ˵Ƕʮŵʮš
Ѿȥսˡֻʣʮ죬ǰʮ®ҲûʱȥԼʮ죬׼ó
Ȫɸһھˡ
һȪ˲ָȫķŪɸҲûãռɸĵطҴȻ鱦ɲҹȻȥɳ»Ȼ󲨡

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˴գҶ®֮ɫ
һվ®ڵǿȪˮϸһ¡
®ڵǿȪۣȻʯڻڲӿȪˮǿԷǳĸоȪѾɥʧȥóֻͨɽȪˮѡ
ʮ®϶Ƿˣպ󽫴һٶʮ®֮гôʹأ˵Ȫ֪ģԶʧЧ֪ͬһɽ®ᣬȪǷá
ҶЦҡͷܿ콫֮Ժ
ʿעʱڳû˻ע⵽СϸڣȳѾȥ˾Ŵš˭ѵרȥɣʣҲֱӷϣƲɾǡ
Ҷ®ᣬƽ룬৵İγ鵶ԼʩһעڣһĵնΪһɫӰ
ҶӭŶĳϼһʱĻԾֱȫžһ죬Ѫʢ泩ͣ¡
ʱ֣Ǯɽһɽ壬ҶѯҶʲô㡣
ҶֵܣѾˣ
ɽѾڼΪʿ
ǿҶ֮ȴһ±ס
ոոͻƵģôˣ
ҶЦ
ģɽʿѾµ³½½ʼԵǡ⼸죬ǴģķɳǡǱѰ˼ֻʣʮǳǲҲǰȥ׼һ£ɹһЩ£⵽ʱ
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ȻǻɳǰɣʣµʮҲûЧ˵ȥɳҲһߣ
Ҷһ£ͷ
˵ͷ
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ҶһǱ󾫲뷨Сֻڶɢʿ֮Уʮ㡢Ĳ㣬ʵǿɢʿ롣
Ҷ֣
ʿĿˢˢҶ׷׹֣ĿЩӣȡ𾪡
ҶֵΪͻһ㣡
ʵû⣡ǰʮǰЩӲҥ˵Ҷսǰʮ®Ҷ㣬ôܽʮ

ǶɽͨɢޣۼһС壬㳤׷ҶֻǣҶ®ǵд󲿷ˣֻҶһΡƽʱ£ټȼȥ
ĳ̶ֳ˵׷ҶҲһʵεѡ
ԵǣɢûʲôλԡȥͶɳǵĴɼ壬ҲδԸաˣҲǵʿ۶ѣΪӵЧûгͷصһա
Ψһİ취ɢԼţγһɶɢʵ˭Ҳ׷˭ɢһλ㹻ʵʿ죬ԵվȽŸ
ʿ֪⿿Լǲɵģڶʮ֮ǰļҲĲˣŴŵı߶
ɽѵ׷ѡҶ
ҶɢޣЩɢ޲ų⡣ҶΪʮź®ʵɽȼǿҼϣܹŴţһţҶǰ;ԶϣڣԳΪСŶ졣
ҶҪǣ飬һƵˡ
ҲҪҶλǿƵ졣
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Ҷ޴ڵԷųԣֳĿһһʮ׷ʿڼĿ⣬ףǵϺò
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ڣҲѿࡣЩɢʿ׷ΪʵΪʵЩʿŷ
ʿ׷ӵҶԵǵķ¡ȥ
֣ʱнʿ֣ԴϢ
Ҷ
ʱ䣬ǵɳ´˼еĿջѯ˹̨ʿͳδֽʿ֣ԴֹĿǰӦòɳǣܿڽšд˳ɳǵϢһ̸
ҡͷ
š
Ҷ˵ͷüͷȴ
ĵģɱ֣ԴҲ֪֣ԴʲôʱŻյ֣֮ϢǰѪޡΪ˱֣ԴͻȻţȥ֣Դ䣬ü
ֻҪٹʮ죬ܳΪŵӡǸʱ֣ԴҵԼҲҹ컯֮Ϊ
Ҷа
һȺʮʿɽ
ʱʿƼɽڶļʿɢʿڴķɳǣγһɸ߷壬ÿնǧƵʿ̻ɳ׼ȥ
Ȼм󲿷ֲɽһٶʮλ®֮һϣ󡣵ϣСҲϣȻ޷嵽ĵ㣬ᵽǿȡһЩ飬ٳҲаա
ҶȺʿ֮УʿҲ׼ȥһѡ


93 ̻
ҶǮɽһȺʮʿɳǱȥ
·ϲʱȺʿҪЩʿݵλҲס
Ը黢ǵΪǴӵܣֻдս˵Ĵޡһͷ黢ҪǧʯƽճԵʳ϶Ѳʯ
ɫԵģСӵܡٶȿ죬ȻʺսΪҲᶪӡ
ȺԷΪģΪ˽ʡʯɢޡҲǱеٶһ㣬ҲûʲôҰЩҰݱУǮһΪҪ
ɢʿ·Щ޺ֱײĴӵܣá
Ҷɽʮ®֮ʱûκξٶɢ֮Сڴӵǰûʲô
·ϣһȺɢʿҶԱߺ¡
Ⱥʿ֮УΪ׵һʿͻȻףλҶҶֵܣ
ҶתͷǱ߿ȥһһϮʿɫڵʿ
ҶʶʿҲûκӡ󣬲ɻĳԱƳһۡɽύ㷺ֻҪǸϵá
Ȼ
æ
ԭ֣׾ûһϳ
Ҷһ·ӦһЦȻ֡ʮ®ȻҲɽպλߵɢޡ
ĻҸղҶֵܵˣҲֻǲ²⣬ҿ϶ҶϵܵĴϧһֱԵһûⷵǵ·ҲҵԵ֡
ȻԶԶĹ֣һŵЦҶƺΪá
Ȼе𾪣ȴҶԤϵĻᣬԼʮʮ꣬ꡣҶ㣬ѹһ㡣
ȻЩɵֻЩѹסȻֳ
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Ⱥɢ޲޵ӣҲԴھ֮⣬ôǢ
ȸˣͷúñһȣ˭ܳĸߣҶʮҵ®ʵֻѷٲ
ȻЦ
ãʱ򿴿ֵֶΡ
ҶЦ
ȻǣһȺʿȻȥ
ȻԶ¶һЩģȻȻԼԴޣƼҶֵܵΪʵȴϳϣ˵ʲôѷָ£
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Ǯɽ
߰ɣ
ҶЦЦδ⡣ȳ֪ǲѷٲˡ

С֮ҶһȺʿɱִԵ⡣
ɳǱոӵ֣ŵʿڳ̯ģģƴĽл⡣
Ҫ֪ɽһʿǧ֮࣬⻹ֻǳʿһ֣ԭҰ֡Ծȵطвʿ
ݴ½ȶʿҲһ¸ϵɳǣ׼μһһȵĳʢ¡
洫ӵĵϵǷǳɫǰݾŴŵΨһ;
Ҷ˽ɳǣֵֵϡ
һȺʿ׷ɢȥɳڵסԷͷæµ׼֮
ֻʣҶˣڽֵϱ߱ġ
֣γȽ֮󣬱㿪ʼ齨ԼС̻ᡣҰ֮󣬿ܻŴϼ꣬ɳ̻飬ҪǼץȥȻˣҲᾭϵһЩŵĺȥ
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ҶѾܾˣԼȥҩܹ鲻һ취ǵı˿ʲô
齨һС̻ᣬиܺܺõڻһС
ԼţɳС̻Ļ󣬽һСҩֵ̻ȥ
̻ЩֵܣỳҩԴ
̻ǰڻҩҲΪףܹȶʯᱩ¶պ֪ʯҲֻΪ̻Ǯơ
պС̻ᾭӪ飬ȥЩϸʵҲȥʣֻҪȫˡ
Ҷͬ齨̻ᣬʱΪУ̻ЩС£ֵǰˡʱǻ᳤µĻȥͳˡ
ǮɽһۣҲǴϲ
׷ҶϣҶܳΪŶ죬óֻҪҶΪ᳤ȷŶӱȶˣС
Ǽţ齨С̻֮ļ֣һЩʲôźʯ
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޷ʱ취ЩõŵҩɳǸࡣЩ嶥ռɳǵŵĲҩҲ֡
Ҷ
ţҶͻȻڿǰһ̸󴦣һϤŮӰ
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Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ͣ½Ų
̸ǰһ˵Ż
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ЩҪˣʯ
Ҷȵķ֣Ѿͻһ㣬Ϊߡ
ҶһϲҪǰȥعϲǿǳɫ뵽ʲôͣҪĽŲ
ʮӵܣ϶Ը档
˿ǰֻǰﲻκæ
ദ£֪Դƣҵ档Ե޹ֱӸʯֻ¸ȥ£ỵǰĽ顣
Ҷ㣬ȥ˵һ£˵Ҫһʿÿʮʯʯ֧һ£̻Ὺ֮ٴ̻֧
һոһ㣬ʲôʿʮʯһµļǮŮʲôˣǡ
һܹŹֵЦҶ
İͬһ׹һɳǵĻ飬ҲȥȻҪԽ̻ᣬÿԹӶ̻ɻʯʱãԺҪԼУ
Ҷɫ΢졣
ţУȥ
ҲЦˣ˵ͷǰ첽ȥȥ׷
ҶǮɽˣȥΪⰲŵġԺ󣬾֪С̻Ļ᳤ҲΪһɺϣǷ


94 ս٣
ҶǮɽһ齨̻飬Ȼ˲ŸȥǮɽǵȥˣв׼Ҫ
ҶĴֵϣ׼һЩ
㣬ȱһн׷⿴һݶԪ䷽
ţֱһŵ̯Ů
Ҷ磬ǰȥɽôɽˡ
°̯˰죬ûţ˯ͻȻ˽лһ㶣Ҷڵ̯ǰ棬˫գһ£ľϲæվɫЩִٻҡ
ѽˣϾͳˣĻӦû᳢һѣףҶˣ
ü죬ŸոһµɫͷҶΪ֮˫ϱԲԲġ
ΪʲôҸռʱһ㡣ڶԲʲôʱͻƵءѾˣ
˺ð죬Щί˫Ŀ΢΢졣
ɽȪ®ᣬر졣ٶüأԺȥɽ֪
ҶЦŽ͵
УСһ
Ҹջسǡ׼򼸲ᷨš֪вţ
ҶͷЦ
ҵŶҪ֣ҪûҪģһصȥȡ
ܿӾɥ֮лָЦָָһµ̯ϵʮ౾Сš̯ϵಢ࣬ǳСţ񡶻򡷡硷֮ࡣ
ˮۡ͡ҼǵϴΣһᡶۡ
Ҷ
ˮˮϵĳźټֿӦûҵ
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С㣡
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У
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Ƽҵẉ̂ҪСн׷Ҳʿʿõķʿĸ߽״ִţֻд̸
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Цһۡ
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Ҷ֮󣬱뿪Ƽҵ̡
ȴ΢΢죬ЩƲ֡
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ʯûϵ
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ǵõԭҰҶΪʲôҪɣҶ˵ֻϰûԭҲûر뷨
ʵ֪϶ԭֻ˵
ôŬ˼һɢޣûгʮļŬôԵĵطӱΪʿ

ҶصԼɳǵСջ
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ʯɳǣ쳣𱬣ʱĴССªĿջѾҲκοķ䡣ʿֻ˼һ䷿䣬ǿס¡
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Ҷص᷿ڣţСӡա
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ӵܣôܽšЩСӵܣĲùٸС壬Ҳֻʵǿģл嵽ǰʮ
ڳǧɢޡܰŴţո㣬ð̲ˣ
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ϢûУԪ񣬽ѹ
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ʮĹϢѾСЧܹѸոսԪϢֻдԼĲѹҡ
Сˮۡᷨ͡ҲһЧֻǻ̫ԡ
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ǣҪϢΪʲôѧǿƵķ˵һСԼѹͻȻǿ࣬һ
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Ҷֵʵǿһ˳аգ
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ڹ㳡ϸɢʿСʿĽɱһٶʮ®ʿܰԼǰǿǺ䶯ɳǵ׳١


97 
ʱԵǵʮλĳϣ;Ŵʿ٣ǳ㳡ϡŴŵʿձ㵽ɳǳǸǽӷϴЪϢһڳǺʿһ㳡ϡ
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Ե֮ڣֹ˽Ҫ˵ɱص¼ˡɳǣǽš
ΧȺ׷ײĿ˿ȥ
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취ϧһдҲҪɱ
֣Դ¶պ֮ɫ


98 Ҷĳٶȣ
Եǡ
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Ķʮ߲ԭһƬڣδڲ󷨡ʿӿһ֮󣬵һ󷨿ʼһѾ
Ԭ飬ôȥ㲻Ǻϲ𣡡Ҳڶ㣬ܳ㣬ʲô˼αؽȥװ׳ࡣ㲻Ҳûȥ𣡡
ԶݺԬ˶죬ŭСۡ

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99 ͨأڶ
⡫ʲôɳĵ𣿡һͷҲȥһ
ѵһ¿ˮתӲĲӣԱλͬĿɿڴʿ
Ǵ˿̵飬ɲ϶١
ֻ֪֪Ҷֵܵʵʮ®ʵҪǰʮĻҿ԰Դš
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Ҷгź;ϲ
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ҶĿǰʵڵܷҲֻǿʩչδնѣǷޡղһͷС
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ݽߵľѸٵõ󣬿ʼָ
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ͨһļٶȣѾİ취һ˵ĻԸһ㡣
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Ǯɽ˸еĿѣ𺳡ǵڶοǵʵҶĲֹʮ
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ҶۣٳƵʱ򣬷ԼѾһ͵ڡһʯıڻһЩ̨С
˵ڶϢõĴκλ޴ڡ
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ҶȵĿڣɢʮĲʿǶǳʿʱϢһ£ָ˿ڣ׼һء
Ҷ΢˵ҵٶѾˣȻôҿʿʿ֮Уǿ߲٣
ҶԱ߲ԶһĲʿۣЦǿǿʲôϵЩˮϵʿһˮ㿪޵ע⡣ֱͨһ㣡ҲֻôһСģѾһٶȣȵĹؿſó˭ǿ
ʶҶ
ˮʿһ·ǿ϶õƣ
ҶȻ
ѵûелͫ۷ܿˮޣǵˮҲûáɳǳϡŴʿⶼ벻ˮϵʿô׳ڣÿһ㣬ôͷӵлͫͿǵˣһСģͱһȺ޸ɷ
ʿһ۵


100 㣡
Ҷ͸λʿ̸˼䣬˲ʶҲûжĻ˵պܿԴץʱָ׼ĵڶ㡣
Ҷ˲δˣ账ƣֻҪָС
ڹâһ£һʿЩǱĳҶԶ
࣡
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Ҷ֣þò
༸ͬʱҶ΢΢һ㵣ЩǿЦЦȻתһǣ˿ȥˡΪһٺ®ҶȻûʲôøУҲҵҶ
ҶԵһ±ӡ
ڣл޴˺ʵģ˵һʿܵˣ̱ͳʱõΣһ㲻ˣȽϰȫ
Ҷָĺܿ죬Ǯɽ˻ڻָվ롣ۿʯ͹̨ǴڽеͻأĶ
ɫʯϣһⷨγɵ֣ҫϵ
Ҷյʱ򣬻һʮ˲һĹ򣬱һʮһʮࡣ;ϢÿһʿӰֶһλеʱһ³ֺüʿҲǺüλ
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Ҷֻĵٵһȡ
ֿ˿ЩһЩֵ̨󷨷ӡţһССֻǣ֪Ще;
ģ˵ͨؽƷܹһļʱڣͨؿʿԴȡһǳһ㣬ֻһʿܴȡһͲˡֻȡһ޷ظȡɳʿĽƷ
ЩĽ˵ʿܴó
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һâһ׳һͷڴڣɧԹ˼תͷ˿ʱЦѽͦడ
ʯϵ֣һУһͷһͷˣôһٰʮ˹˵һ㰡ٿһ㣬Ƕƨɺ棿
ԭž׳ɤһڵʿǶʱ׷׵תͷȥκڴС
ҶҶǵ׷ʱ䣡
κҡͷ󲽳ڶͨȥ
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ɢޣ
ʿɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭ飬˼׽㲻ɳʿ֪Щʿ顣κãӡ֣һװɵ㶵ӣĻߡ³Դʿ֪١
ʿֹҡͷպлϣȻ֪ˣԶ㣬ȫ
Ŷ
ҶǺһЦ
λСֵܣĲ㣬Ӧһֻᵽһơûܳɹ䣬Ӧöھܽšʮ߰ţѾǳˣϱʮʿҪúܶࡣǵõĳλУǱǸǴǰ;ǲҪȥЩϵŵϵˡˣһСֵܺΪ֮պɳʲôѴеʹ
ʿ˵һͨҶƺû̫⣬Щգת뿪
һֱûпʿߺųҶֹղλһٶʮ®ɳǵһСʿΪͦûϳţɳǿɱʹ
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Щǵͷ
ڽʿ֮ѾܿǰˣκǻǰҲôһĹ򣬶Ӱ첻󡣵Ӱϴ󣡡
Ҷһ£ҡͷɣٴ㣬Ǽһѹȵ˵ġ㡢ʱȫΪһ£ǰҲһĹ򡣡
ðɣ
ͷһۣǵ˵ͷ
Ҷȳš
쬣
Ӱӹʧ

ҶŸոճڶͨԺڰͨڣֻڣһ˻Уһɭ̹Һӭ
ҶոմĴڽ˫ĿӦڰȣȻ俴ڰ֮е塣
ʶܺڰӰ졣
ҶĿһӰһܿҺл鵶˲䳯ǰն
ͣ
ڰ֮еһͷޣ浶âնΪء
ߣ
Ҷſһ˿亹
û뵽սԱ߾һߡһ̶ҺнⶾǷʱ£ͺܷʱ䡣
˵ӰȺ֣鵶齣ͨڡ
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ǻ߻ǻãǶһص㣬Һˮ̺ԶԸǵѶԶȻߡ
ǹĵڶ㣬Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
Ҷ侲
Ҫ죡һҪⶾȥˡ
Ц


101 
ҶǮɽˡ
Ǯɽ˵ҿҪҵʱ䣡ڶĻߺͻãһеȣʿʵѾȽϽӽˡ
ͨĿΪ߰ɣͨеĵطǵĶҺˮ̷Χ֮ڣ޴ܡҪɱеĻߺͻãʿܹȥһ˵Ļÿһǧɳͨʮͷߺͻãڶ㡮ءְܹͨİͷÿʱҪɵʮͷͨڶأ⻹˯Ϣʱ䡣ҪϢĻÿʱҪɵࡣ
ǮɽɿĽͨصٶȣǳ׼ȷϸ˵˳
ࡢɶ˵ʵ졢Ǯࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˹ڶЩѶȡ
Ƕ˽ⶾɣ
׼˲٣
Żеļҩƿ
аɣһЩߺͻõʵϣҵնԸЧܹʡͨʱ䡣
ҶŹ߰ͨ侲˵
˵仰̫ȷΪеޣͽ׵һöԸ
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Ҳȫͬ
ʯһ۱ֿǽַǳҫֿۡȫֵҺʴ⣬ʯһ㡣
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ͨڣķֲšԼÿɱһͷĴ߶еĵطͬʱۼ˼ͷеĵطϡ١
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˹ȥ˲СŽͷɱֻһеޣõй֮޲ֻǵˮ̫ˣˡ


102 ƽ
ɵͷãˣŷء
ҶǮɽ˶һЦĳЦ
һʱʧ֣
εĹЦ˼ЩҲסղſºڣʵŪһǱ
ˣǼҲȥһ԰ɣҿǵʵ
ҶЦ˵
ȥ
Ǯɽһ齣Ȳͨȥ׼ɱһͷޡľϵ
ࡢɶ˼š
Ǯɽһë꣬ߵһͷʮ߰Զע⡣ͷüһ£Ǯɽ̷ܻ
һܣһ߻ͷעͷõλãŴԼʮɵľ롣룬ûˮ޷Ҳ˻ȥ
Ǯɽ̷֮ó˹ȥˮͬʱһĲԭء
ৣ
ǮɽѸٳ嵽ǰһֻһͷø롣̣ҲǲʮϢʱ䡣
ҶԶԶţЩȣǮٸɵһͷãɿٶˣɱʮͷޣòһʱ
ҡͷֻɱãһˮҲνɻߣҺ̫ųȥѶ̴
Ǯɽɵһͷã˻
Ƿ࣬ǰȥɱޡ
ٶȸ졣
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103 
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Ǯɽࡢɵˣܿ춼۵ҶԣСĵĴΧĳʿ
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104 Թ
ھ漫ңȺʿɱۣһЩԩ޳ʿΪ⵽ŭ֮»֣Ҳȥ
ҶǮɽʿһλҸоõ®ڴһĽϣʿͻȻҲôСǵλƫƧЩҷɵĻǵĸըСΧ俪
ǵѪùǰγҲûĻҴ򶷳棡Ҷæų˭Ҳûﶷ
գŴڸҷɶĻ򡢷зԷˡ
ڵҶ궼ᷢôûֻĴҪǰһλСʿɢ֮䱬Ϊ˴ң֣
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ǮɽʱƿԣЩɥǺܿʿҲûϣܳ嵽ǰһٶѾġ
ҶûǵۣĿתĶŴȺеκƽϣɼڼġ
κ®Ҳγǿ֮һˣʵҲ

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ߣ㣡
Ҷˣͨ롣


105 ɸ֮
κƽһȺʿڶԸϣһʿսһ𡣴ʱͨ˶ţĲʿǣ׷׳ûͨ
ϢʯʾĽ֣ѾɿһʮࡣҲζһٶʿдԼһⳡͻһ˵ͨ
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ҶˣӰȺͨҵĴʧȥ

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ܼһӻ𣬲֪˭ıڰԲϣ֡϶κҡѲ˸ϵȻϣɻٽȥǰʮȫûָˡʱھˣпܶᵽǰʮ
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106 ɢ֮ģɢСӣ
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Ҷȳڵͨڣʮһͷ׳˶Ļ
Ǯɽࡢ˵Ӱ½֡
Ҷǰͨ˵ȳ壬ǸšǰѾ˺üʱץʱ䣡
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Слնȥ
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ķȻôǿһɱ
Ҷһû΢΢һ
һ̧ܿһУͷϣһ˺ѿ˿ڡ
ʱҶͷʮɾ롣
ҶԾǣڻϣȻûɱ
ǻһ̳֮Ҷһͷ໳Ҷ
Ҷüͷڵһ㣬ʼˣлûһӭ泯ȥ
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ͷĻҵըɳ֮⣬˺üͷ
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ҶڰͲס˦˳ȥڽɱʮ֮⡣
ķȻǿƤķŽ
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ڣ㣬ʶٿطʮɹ룬ǷһϵȻѹԵơԽѹƵġ
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Ҫʱܹȥ
Ҷûޣֻһͷһͷɱ
һɱʮͷҶͣ»ָúϡ
ǮɽںȵһҶ˺̶ȥͨǰƽ
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ͷǮɽͷŵĲͳһӳʮɸǽս룬÷Ѿ㡣

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ײϡ
ײײɳȥˤ⣬ʯڴ
ͷҲɣǮɽ̷˹ȥ̣ѻҽ
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Ҷ˵ͷͨ
һɱʮͷʱܻеκһʵҲСڱɵ֮ǰǴơ
ĵ㣬ҪԼ֡

˶ʱҶ֮ͨ
ӰѾ߸ʱѾҹ
ҲɱʮͷѾ˺ۣǿȵĸɱ൱ƣ롣
ҶҲǿһʱͣЪϢ˵ĵͽ鵤ֹѪҩԵơ
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ʿһֹ㣬һڳ嵽Ĳ㡣
⼸ɳǹϵʵ
Щε˵γܳ嵽ĵĲȥѾ֪ˣĲϢҶֵԼһ˳ǰ㻹˵ǶܳһЩǵ˵Ĳ㣬ǿ¾ĻҶֵܡ˵ĲǼҲֿʣ»һ£ȫҵ
Ǯɽ˼˵һлҶֵܳΪءҶֵܽǰʮ֮õŵĿأɳǵС̻ŴϣպҶֵţС̻ɳǾӪ̻ᣬΪҶֵʯԴΪǼɳҲһ
һ˳ٺܼܶ࣬ͨԲɱޣֱӳȥǼȻѣҲаٷ֮һĻᣡ
ࡢɶҲͬĿҶ
Ҷһ£˵ͷаɣֻҪʱǾ͹ˡ滹㣬ҶȫǼ˽Ĳ󣬾Сĵ㡣
ĵĲͨ˭ûȥҶԼʵһִ㣬Ҳ쳣ѣҪ˵ʿȥˡ
Ҷа̾
֪ʵǺܿȥ
ɢϣĪڳȡ
ÿһԵǶǧɢʿԵǣǰ˶ʿܳĲĲһǧ
ܶᵽģֻʮˡ
ǰʮӵܰʣµʮöУһ뱻Сʿߡ
䵽ӴɢУֻʮö
֪ǳļѣʿ긴һǰ
Ŵţ֮·ǰ;һ·
ɽ磬ʵ츳ߡвŻʿۼھŴţۺԴŵСǧꡢŵĵ̺ʵ
ɢ޿һ֮ɼڣɳɢ޾ۼ֮ءȻȲţҲʺĵط


107 ȫ壬Ĳ㣡
ʱ֮
ҶͨʣǮɽˣִءͨľͷСʹ󴦡
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ڵĻų϶ҶֻɱֻвһСָɵ
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ٶȲ죬ҲҲɽһٶʮλ®ЩǳȻڿλãϾλʿһ
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ĲϢڣʱ߰ʮλʿϢܹڶʱִĲϢڣҲֻĲʿ
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Ϊҹʱ֣ʿЪϢָûл޵ĵط˯һʱ߸ɴ˽һȫ
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ЩʿҶüͷ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ףǼʿôģ˺ʮ®ҶҼͳԪıȶмʵ༸˲ʶ֮
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ҶеǣȻʮߺ®𣬺Ͷʮ®׿ʮ®ϣ˾Ȼվһ𣬵˵һЩʲô
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Ȼǣ˵ֶΣ𣡡
һ۵Ҹǻû޵̶ֳȣϣҵ®ᣬҲһΡֻǶһ˭õҳٿʯɣҲҸ׿һ
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׿ϴһ˿
ϵҶһɳ̸󱻰Ҷһѣ˰ٿʯһ߼۵ҶΣ黹һֱڻ
⣬Ϳܴܲнʯûȥ
ҶΪĳ׿Ц
֮ҪȥŴţ˸šҲʱ׿жüٿʯ׿ٿһѣ׿Ҳ޿κΡ
УǾͱһ
׿ҶΪĵЦͷʱð𣬡ߣھͿʼ
ҶȴȻȥһǮɽ˸ǣЪϢҼ
ҶֵǧСģһ㣬Ҳ̫ðվǰҪõһöλΣ̫ҪҶֵܵʵֻҪСһ㣬õӦһʧ
˷׷վҶǡ
Ҷ뿪֮ЪϢˣ׼Ъһٳڵ״ʺȥһѶȸߵ
߰ʮ®ʿҲעŰ׿˵ĶǴ󲿷С®ɢ®ʵʮ֮ҪȰ˲ϲ١
ոճ㣬һƴɱһʮͷǿĵĲ㣬ҲֻһСǰʮλʿ

Ҷ׿𡢿ϣ®ʿȺĲͨ
쬣
ҶԳĲһͨڡ
ǰʮԶԼһͷǵӰ
ǣԵһ֮һĲǣ͵Ĵޡ
Ҷδǽ֣Ҳ֪ǵʵ֮ԭҰϵСʳ޿ɱȵġ
Ĳ㣬ѶȣǸȫٳˣ
ҶĿǰͨһ
Ҫǰʮλߡ
ڸղŸ׿ĶԶģֻ˵һСϷѣء
һͷһͷɱȥ϶ʱ
Ҹ˳ͨڵĻ٣ֲϡɢʵҪ޻ɱֻҪͨȥˡİ취ɾˮ
Ҷ
ˮ
Ҷͷһˮϵгһˮɫ
ܿ죬ȫڣһ͸ˮݷ֮СԿ濴
ˮҶֻʮ죬Ҳ͸ոšԶԪ졣
Ҷô֮󣬲ˮİء
ԼԼܳһСʱ䡣ȻˮϵʱҲܱøҸױ֡
ҶʼͨǰǱС
Ͽֻͨ߰ɿǰͷǣûκζδҶӻǵһɴҲûоֺ
ˮȻܶ㿪ǵߣ
ҶʱϲĵļӿٶȳǰͨǱжȥ


108 ƴ
ҶСĵͨڣǱй˶ٶɡ
ˮϵһϢ֮⣬ܷһ˿һޣҶٶȲ졣
С㹦Ӻüͷ׳ţĻԹȥ
Щ߶ɫɵƤë׳̤֫ڵ漸ûϢű̹ĴӲͣš
һͨڣʮͷĻǡ
ҶӻԱ߹ȥʱЩľ
ǶµȻޣǵʵԱȵһĲʿǵķǿҶҲڶʱɱǡ˽ľ֮£һ𹥻ԱĲʿ׺ݡ
ڵˮֻάһ㹦ʱൽˣ
Ҷͷǵļ϶֮䣬ǰʮɵĵط΢ЪϢһ£һСƣԼһˮһʯڼǰ
ǰ治ԶۼͷǣһƬʮɵСռڡһͷſţͷǰҷ߶Ŀ⵽Ĵ
֮ļ϶ҲһʮԶѡеκһͷͷǵע⡣
ͷǣ̫һ㣡
Ҷüͷĵȴ
ǹ˺һҲûмɢʼԭһ
ɢ֪Ҫȼʱֻðһԣܹܲȥ
Ҷһҧ˹ȥ
ƹǰͷǣͷſŻԹȥ
ͻȻҶĽŲһͣɵͷſڵϵĻǡ
ͷſڵϵĻǣŵ֮УͫðĻ档
ۣ
ҶʱȻǰȥҪͷǵİΧȦ

ȻվһХſ޿¶ֳгһŵɫšŵɫâԽԽȻ쬣һٵķУҶ
һͷ˫ϵǣͬʱӵлۺͷз
ͷǲδҶĴڣͷſŵĻͻȻſڳյһУԵЩã
ڶ̶ʮɵľ룬һҶٶȸܶ
žһ죬Ҷˮֱл顣ǵķؿڣ͡н׷˺ѿһĿӡ
Ҷˮһƣͷ̿¶εҶǶʱſڿС
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ͷ˷֮󣬼ͬʱ񱼣Ҷ׷˹ҪҶ
Ƿϵޣٶ˿Ҷ١
ҶͷһۣͷǾȻ׷ں棬ɫ䡣
ȥ޷ǣǰȥ򾪶ͨǰĻǣ⵽ǵΧ
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ҶһһУ鵶ۻնȥ

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һУԽһͷնΪ롣
ƺ֪סǰ㷢ݵĳһ˿
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Ҷһգնȵʯϡ
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ڶͨͷۻǣ
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նɱĻۻѾͷͨҲкüͷ
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Լÿʮͷ֮бһͷӵлۡ
ÿͷۻǵĸôһͷҷɱۻǵѶȣɱҪһʵҲҪһС
ˮҲвСı׶ˣһ·ǱйȻܹܿٵĻǡһˮƣ׾ǰǵļлΧ֮У
Ҷͷ۵ľ⵽ͷǵļлĲķմ١ˮĳЧҲۿۡ
Ĳ㣬ѶҪԶǰ㡣Ĳϣǳ飡
Ҷﰵ
˵һжƿ֮С
ۻǣˮЧвʯԾԸµȵĻǣʿʵռơΪٶԸͷǣʡʱ䡢ʡģȫһ·ɱȥ
̶̵һʱѾĲͨ
ңֻһСʵĲĻǣ޷ȫʵƳ

þ
Ĳ㣬ڶͨ
׿ɱһͷǣγ齣ŵϻǵʬ彥ʧ¶ŵЦ⣬ҶСӣڿ»ڵһͨʹ˳̵أƾһʮ®һɢޣҲҶԶģҰٿʯûϴεҶαֻٿ
Ĳ㣬ڶͨ
׿³嵽ڶͨˣ֪Ҷ嵽ʲôطˡʵӦܱȿϣǿ㣡
۵ϣ֮ɫ齣һɫ⣬סǰһͷ˵Ļǣٵոɱǣܷȥ顣
Ĳ㣬һͨ
ϣɱЩոɱھͷǣɱ˾ͷˣͨҪͨˣ


109 Խǰʮ
һʱ
ҶɱĲлۻǣˮ˻ͨھͷͨС󣬳ĵϢ
Ҷķ²ٷиĲƺۼл鵶ʡ
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ҶɿĿһԿտĴʿֲڸʯǶʮ壬ڵʿԼ಻Ƕʮˡ
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ǰһСʿ׿𡢿ϣ˻ûе;ɱȥġɽǰʮ®ˣ
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ЩУֻϳFơκλǿ®ʿ㳡ʱˡ
ʿҶȻϵãҲܿóЩʿһ϶㣬ʵ൱ǿǴŵķ»ЯϵȣȻǴӵܡ
ЩʿҶڣ¶֮ɫ
˭ɳǵĴӵܣҲСʿѵɢޣһķ£滻õĶûУɢ޻ʲôˣȻɢʿǰʮˣϡ氡
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ǵĿܿҶתơҶЩ֮ڵģǿҶʵ϶ҪϺܶ࣬עļֵ
ڣÿһλɳǴʿǵĿǰʮλǰʮǰλΪûٹĶǡ
ǵĿ⣬Fơκλǿ®ϡ
FϥһƷ¸ɾ࣬ûκδ򶷵ĺۼ˫ϥһ齣Ŀ
κĿ⣬żɨFֿƽǰʮʿŪĸͷƺڿʲô
һҪ죬ûһ嵽㣬;ЪϢһȺʿͨʵǿʿСǿʿǰ棬˽β棬ȴʱԽ
Fڸʲôãǰ棬ÿһֶҵĺ档ͷȻĹͷңһ
κаһ䣬Ц̴ĵͦã
ʮʿĴճĳƣϢ
Ҷʱ˵Ц˼䣬Ҳûеʿ˫ĿǽЪϢеʿڵ˯ڴ
ڻҹܹڶ̶̵һ֮ڳǰĲ㣬ʿǵ;Ҳܴ
㡢㣬ԵĻ޽ǿա㹻ܳȥ
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ڣĬĬһǽ¡
Ҳ͸֧٣ӴһСƿһѪ鵤ͨѪ߰˵С˿ڣΪʯЩС˿ڲδѪӰ첻ͿϵͽֹѪҩˡ
ʣ㣡졢ٺ죬ܾλͨǰʮ
Ҷǽһ鵶ǳ˯ȥ

һҹ㳡ϡɸΪ
ԵڣڶʿڽעĶʮ塢԰ټƵС壬ڶɢޣǵ⿴š
·ĲѾˡǵڶ㣬󲿷ֵʿڳ㣬ܹĲķëǡ
ϵһƬڡ
δ˳㡢㡣

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κվЦˣϢˣֵǣóˣ㣬ڵǣŸͷ󲽳ͨڡ
FĿ΢΢ĿĿһվսͨȥ
ж®ƣҲ漴ȥ
κһҪǰ®ˡ
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ǲ룬ֻǵʵҪ̫ˡʵǿܿܵʧܡ
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ҶκFʮ˽ͨڣ֪ʱ䵽ˡ
ԼʩһˮڴƾʧͨΪû˭עڣûע⵽һˡ
׿𡢿ϣˣڻûеִ»ڵĲƽ

㡣
һâȥ
ҶӰͨڡ

ҶŽͨڣһ
ֻһͷȫë;޴Ļǰʮɴĵ˫ͫ֮УðŻ档
еȻޣ൱ʿʵ
Ҷͷ˫֮ðĻ棬ɿЦ֮ͨĵһͷƵˮϵûκã֪Ͳ˷ѷˮˡ

ϵѿ죬Хһö
Ҷ͵ĳ鵶һĻȥ
ըľ޴֮£
Ҷʩĵʶٿ֮£ĵС׻Ƴ
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ÿһ׻ƿռȥƤ˲䱻׸һ¡Ҫſ»򣬶ϵףǿдϡ
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ϵԣľϵĲ֮ͬЧһ˲֡ϵԿԱ֮ľϵֻܿѡ
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ҶԼһΪһٵӰȫٳͨȥϢʱ䣬ܸɵһͷеȵĻ

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κڵͨڴ󲽿񱼣вͣķХ
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κȵһץסɻľ޸ˬĿЦ
󲽣ͨ񱼡㣬ƽءΪԵǽʵǿǰ®֮һʵɲǳصġ


110 ͼ
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쬡쬡쬣
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κȴΪЦʱȷˣһĴֻǰʮ®ʵôǰʮλ®֮УеӸҸԣѾ߳ȥˡʣµˣҪôҵͬˣҪôҪôɢޣ
κƳһ۽ڵʿ
ƵλʿԶԶվڣԹ۵˼û˿ֵͼ
κİҶȵСӣվһߣFߣҪȻˣɱүûѣ

ҶڵκFûϵ˭ɱȥ⿴ġ
FƼû߸ˣҺϵѣ˶ûһѣ군ˣ㲻Ǻ֪Ҵʲô֪ˣ㿴ʲôʲô취Ӧԣ
κЦ
ʿܰ˭£Ϊѣ
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£һλѵĴۺܴΪȡϵܸͬˣҿǰɳǲܼҵĲϣɸˣǴʿû㹻棬˭ƾ޹ʵľұôãĵһҪˣ
κЦķǳġ
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û˵Ԯ֣ƾһҪκƽҪȡʤǳǳѡһ˵ĻɱȥҲ͸ǰʮԵˡ
ǣܿʲôۣʿʩԮ֣۱㹻󣬴󵽲ϧϺκƽ˽ûУʯƻʿƲǮơ


111 ʡ͵ĵ
FĿתһСȦɨλ®ʿ
붯®֣Ѷȼߡ
ϾǲһˣһɳǵĴ档ʿɱζ֮պԷ϶ҪʩӱġɳǶⷽĹ
FĿڽ϶һ£ǰҡͷ붯ƣҪĴ֧𣬱һּҵϼ壬ġ
ĿҶϡ
Ҷκһˣ⼸Կ϶ʸǰǰʮᣬλǰʮŵ®˭Ҳ˼ʱ˷ʵ̫ʿϣҪ˵һδŵɢˡҶһǸʿۡ
ᣬκҲرȥע
˭Ҳû뵽һλɢޡ
ҶĳִǸ⣬֮ڣҲһκ˿Ƶı
Fһ£ûӦȡһ£Ҷ˵λֵܣǧʯֻƽסһʱ䣬Һκ֮Ķˣ֮ұ̸㡣Σ
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쬣
쬣
âٶȳǰʮŵ®ʿ
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FˣĴ˦˳ȥһͷӴĻɫ黢ǰ档
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κƽ˼״Ҳ׳Ե޴ųһͷʵ黢ǡǵʵҲֻܿλĴޡ
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F黢Ѿκ黢ȥͷ黢˺ҧһšκ黢һˮٶһߣ̱F黢ҧǰϣѡ

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ҶĿһһͨڴƽãǴǵģ赲ҳҷɱȥѧѽƵһвҲá
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ƽԲ۾ҶȻֵףɲǼ侪ʧ׻̫죬Ӧʱ䶼ûС
꣡
꣡
ףƽϡ
ƽ˷һ׻ˣ˲ⲻ˵ģĻ顣ǱըƤֱð̣໿
ҶӰһΣѾӿ϶ͨһ㣬ȥǷƵĵطˡ
ڣ༸ʿ𾪵ĿһĻû˵
쵰
һʡ͵ĵƣ
κͷƽһڵĴվͨڴʱĲһһգ۹Ѿ˳ˡҲͰˣǸɢ޾ȻҲȥˡ
FӰͻȻڴԶֳһ͡ɵκͷϵ黢ҡͷκǧ㣬û뵽ɣɱҵģҪʤܣҪʱƿ˵һ㻹϶϶סɢ˵ڶλλϣѾȥȥҲû塣ҸԳɣƾ
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ƽɥŽȥ
FҡͷһԾͨȥ
༸ʿ໥һۣȥ


112 ľս
һգʱ֡Ե㳡ϣɳʿڵȴţЩʿѣЩ٣˷ܡ
ǰѾˣǵ㻹δûʿȥҪϼʱ
ʿķɢţš
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֪˭һ
ֻҪٹһʱĵһܳˣᵽͷĻ˭F칫ӡƽС㣬κκӣ
ڿҪˣ
һ˲䣬㳡ϵʿǶһ˷ܽ
ԶһɸϣɳǳϣŴʿڴǣҲɵһ¥ǰĿۿЩء
ܹڵһϵʿָ˴γͷҶFκֶ
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κҼֶǺһЦ
ķѾ޴Ĳĵϵʿʤ
˵һγ̵¼ʵ½ǿҵ壬Ԥʾһλϵʿδǰ;ǰλǰʮλҫۣãҲõԴзֺࡣ
ɳǸϡλ棬պҲЩϵʿǰ;½

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ҶԼһһˮڵͨڷЩȵǣ԰ͨڣɾȻûκλޡ
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ٳ嵽һͨľͷǰŵһͷޣȻͣ£ɫ΢΢ݡ
һͷӴ˶Ļܣʯ棬סͨȥ·
űһɸߣʺԲʵޱȵ˵Ҳǧ֮ءĥһ˫ֺƣ̧ͷҶĿзѪȵĺĲŻ档
ҶԵͷǰͯվһ׳ǰͷȫûȡ
ܣ
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ҶǿǻĶ֪Ƥǿǡ
ܿҶ֣׾վ۵Ҷ
쳣Ӵ󣬲֪ٶȡΣֱӳȥ
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Сͣıţһܳȥ߽У̳һͼע֮һ̵ܻصҶԡ
ܱѾƤＫΪʹ򣬸һ׷֮󣬸鵶ǹ롣ҶĻ׻СϣһǿʯըһС飬ֻܴ΢˺
Ҷһߺˣһ߷䡣
ôʮϢĹԼ֮һķתΪ˳ȥ
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ټСڽͷܸˣſڵ
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ȻһȪ
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ҶһɸڵȪ⻪ѾֱӼʮ֮һʮʯȴȪȡʯָ
Ҷڽ֮ǰɳǿջԹȪĹ֮ȫָҪһʱʱ䡣
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Ҷҡͷ
˲䷨ȫӰһΣһͨɱȥ׼ɱڶͷܡ
Со׽ţߺ˷ܵĿں档
һ㣬ǰ滹ͷܡ뼫ΪСģ׷
䣡
𣡡
ͨڣҵĴ
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Ҷڴͨ˵аͨͨľͷ޴СվСʹϡվȥһ˲䣬侲
ʮԼʵɳǵһɢ֮ѾǼߡ
ǶFơκ˵ĵһ֪ʿеĲȥޣõơͨʿôѵʯҲܽʿ塣ʿ츳ߵĻƸǿ
ҶҲ֪Լǵڼͨ㣬ѾĴ㡣һпܣܿ䵽ȥ
쬣
âһҶ߲Ϣ
һ
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һ
Ҷ侲ϣ¶ϲ֮ɫûüˣʯϵĽɫ֣ͻȻһλ

һâڴ֡
ҶüͷʱһҲ룬ȻһĹ̨ȥʮöƣ棡


113 ֮
âɢȥһֳͦˮ齣ʿӰڴڡ
ɽһ®Fʵɽһٶʮλ®ǼǿҲסһ®λáһĳٶȣκƶ˻й֮޲
Ҷɳǵĳ֣Ǻɱ⡣
Fڣſʯϵ֡һ㶡۹ȴһʿӰֱĹ̨һ
ȡȹһأ
FʱһзХȥеˮ齣Ϊһâּ
ֻаɳ
ҶʱԼ˵嵽Ĺ̨Ҳֻ˲ϢĹ̨һưȥ
쬣
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һˮ齣ɫâڴʱƫеҶֵǰ̨ƴȥץƣ϶ᱻ齣նС
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FͽĴʿõĶϵƷʵˮϵ齣ΪȻʯҲᱻնϽǡ
Ҷһ֣ǵӰѾ˽˫ȭ㹥Ҷ
Ȼ㣬ɢޣôôģ
FҶĲ棬һ˳һݡ˫ȭȴ˿δмƿٶ֮죬嵽Ҷһɸǰ

ҶĿһεҲʩɴһͺһȺɨF˫ȭӲӲԺ䡣
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Fһߣ˫ȭȫ˹ȥ
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ڣ쬡쬣
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ƿFһɢڶԺ䣬һ¡û뵽ԼȳͨȻ˱ִζ˵ʵʤһ
κԾŴͣתͷһۼͬʱֵĽƣתͷһ±˸ȵִFһɢޡ
Ŀⲻ֮ǰûܲFFȻǱȵֻû뵽ƺǸɢ޾ȻҲһ漬ְ
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ĸˣɵĴס
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ң˸һΪͷš
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κɽFѹһ꣬һ꣬Ѿ˺ܾˡΪαϧúֶưFɱȥ
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Ҷ΢΢ѹǻҪڵѪĿ磬м˼Բߡܹʱѹס˵ģֻϵˡ
ʿԵǣܶûгֹǰʮɢˣǿǰ԰㻹ҵĶֻ֣üȫֵĻ㣬κǽƣҵĶ֡磬ҵһڶƵΣ
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ǿǿλڼֲĹأ˭ȵ˭ơҵƣͿûⱾˣ
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Fƾˮʧ
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ƺκǴһ໥ֻۡʣһּ䲻ĸо˭Ҳ֪FɢʲôʱͻȻɱ
ͻȻһֵĿ⣬κ
㲻Ҵɣûɵ֮ǰûҪȿսɣҪõһõڶΣ
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ˮʿ
κקסظһ˹վڣĿſյĴڡһɼȵΣţͷ𣬱ϵ亹


114 ƾ֣ذ
Ҷˮϵ̨֮һƶһλąֻ̃жɾ롣ľ룬ʱԳֹ֣κ˶ȡ
ȻһĿˡ
ʱҶҲȥǿڹ̨ϵһƣһ㹻ùɱ
ʵӦ֮еһ
Ҫȣȴ˻໥ɱʱܳһٶȡȻ˳뿪
ҶеǣFͽƶˣҲʧ䵽˰
ֻκվ
FƣҲˮ
ҶĿһ
Щ鷳
ҶFͽƵλá
ûʩչ
ˮͻ۷ͬʱʹá
ˮǽһϢˮ֮ڣ̽ԼλáĹ߿͸ˮ޷̽硣
һʩչķ÷Ϣȥ̽磬ˮҲԶˡҪˮ״̬Ͳûۡ˻ۣˮҲʧЧ
졢Ҳˮô໥
ҶѰ˼
Щϡ
Fͽơ졢˴ʱҲͬλã໥֮Ҳֻܿκһˡ
Ҫ͵Ϯ֪λõĶ֣ҪСı͵Ϯ
ⷬᣬԭȸΪӡ


κŶĺ飬ſյĴֳ鸫ˡ
ˮʵԵǣһ׷׷ҪϽʮFĴʿˮŪһˮҲС˼ɢʵ⣬ˮҲ֡
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κ뵽ЩɫףЩˣ鸫ָס
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ǲ֪֮ˣ򵱳ɽͲӵ®һꡣ
κǿԼ侲յĴʵҪҲҪһ˭ҪԼȥֻҪѶƣߵƸҾУô˭˵һ仰Ӧһ
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κɫݣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ˣȻˣұƴһ
κҧŸһݣԼӳһʯȫѸʯʻϵʯ滹Ǻǿġ⣬ӳʯټϴŵһףҪɱס
κһųص鸫ΧĶŲ̨ȥ
ڱ֪˿϶Ҫֹӱɱȥ֮ǰҲҪмһ汳ҿм˭ȳ֣һ͵Ϯҵˣ϶ҪùҪôͬھҪô͵ϮһҲûķݡΪ˶ˮ͵Ϯ㣬ұùһ𣿣ǿδأ˸һù
κɫŸͷ
ԭ̨ʮɾ룬һһֻܿʣ¶̶̵ɾ롣
ֻҪһ󲽳ȥǫ̃ϵöɫһơ
κԲһ˫ͨ۾ٵĴ鸫ԽԽţԽԽ˷ܡ
öһֿɼֻҪȥöһ̱һɱ졢Ǹɢޣ׵ȡߡ
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졢᲻κ֣ǿδԸȳ֣¶ԼλáһȳֵĿ϶Կᱻֵһ
졢˲֣Ҳ֣κֱӰһȡˣѵκˣ
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κÿ̨ŲһڵձԽĽţѹֵļ˴
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ɢޣ
¶˪òȥץȡһƣˮ齣óһƬˮɫâٹҶ꣬˿Ҷն

ڣһܼĽ
˭ȡʤⳡ֮˭һƣ
ˮ
Fٱɱﵣһ
쬡쬣ˮףͬʱFһ֮ڡ
ˮڣһڡڡҫ
ýˣ
Fһ˦ֽеһˮ׹򣬳κ˹ȥ
ˮ׷Ĺٶȣ׻Ǳˮ졣
ˮϵϵĻϷн׷ôôѧн׷
κɫȻ䣬̰£̧˫ۣ𣬡ܣǰ˫۴һŻɫâһʵϵƣǰ
䣡
ˮ׺κķϣֱӽܸըɷ飬һɾ޴ĳκҽһһѪײʮɿ⣬һԡ
ˮ׷֮󣬱ȵĻҪǿ屶ϡ
Fһκɣһ̨̳ķȥлһöˮ׷δȥ˭һ˭͸ɵ˭
Fϣ¶İԾɱ


115 Ѷ
Ҷӳ鵶˲ննȴƵˮ齣ֵס
۽ƳFͷųһˮףκɳȥɰһ
˫ĿȻâּ̧׷֮иһСС֮򣬼ӽڸһĽƹȥ
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꣡
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һּٵĶ棬˭Ҳûռơ

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κˣ˫鸫ǿӵȥϵѪ𾪵ĿFҶڴ÷Ժ伤ս
졢Ҷ˶㣬ĵʶʿ
Fֻˮϵϵϵˮн׷ɱﵡ
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󵽿ԵҶǰ棬ÿס
꣡
ĵ䣬ڰкߺ߽еСĽڡ
˷ܵĺ߽ȻֹڵϣԳ鴤۾ȫ޷ףΪʲô˵Ĺô죬û׼þʹˡ

FԼĵףȴһͷϣһ¡
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Ҷȴ׳ͬʱӳΣһ˹̨ǰһץס̨ϵһԼĴ֮С
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ҶŲŲæ޴ίСȻ󳯴ĳ֮ȥÿһĴһһ֮ͨţԽϲ㡣һ뿪ĳ֮ţֱͳȥ
Fɫûٶ֣ʱ֣Ѿûκ塣̨ǰһ¡̨̳һƣǡ
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κʮ⣬ӹ̨ȡŵĺƣץϡ
κF˵Ҷеһƣ̲סЦF򲻹˼ңơ㻹浱ɵӣһֵһʯȵϵҪǿ򣬲ϧѪҲ
죡
F֮жʱһ⣬̧һˮ׹򣬳κĹȥ
䣡
κˮУҽһһ׹֣ʧ

ǳĵһ죬ʱ֣Եǵ㳡ǧʿšĵѾһʱܿҪн
ǰһʱнǰʮҲʮʱڳɳʿڴʱ̡


116 ɳǣ
˳ǧͨʿ֮⡣
ԵǵʮλϣݾŴŵ洫ǣѾ㳡ǰ棬ȴżǰλʿ
⣬ۼɳʮļˣǵĿԵЩУֳ֮ڴ
ǰ
ǳҪӰһλǰʿ˾ŴţҲܵŸ߲ĸע͹ա
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ںİʮҪһ²ȫڳעҲ٣ֻܵžŴŵ洫ʿѡ
Ŵŵĵӣʿϣֻһ޴ĻᣬҲһݵλⲢζһʿ֮ͻͽ˵ȥɽţʮҲδٳɾ͡
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һŭ䲻ҡͷһ뵽ڳϿŭ⣬קƽɣûǰǰʮҲãһС۶ѣ֮󣬼ӱ޿ǣ
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һЦ⣬ǿסƽ˵Ż
ţŮʿӰһһ˳ǰʯǰվš
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FĽеƾ
㳡ڶĿⶼFеƣסӡ
ϣȻһ֣

FǶţ
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ɢܹǰʮȥҪ˵ǰ
ڶóһֱš
ԵһǧǰֻڽǵֹǸʱɳǵļʿʵǿż׿ԽɢҲܶס
ɳ֮УҲ漣֡

𺳣
һɢ޶һԵǶΪ֮𶯣ڴʿΪӴɢȺͼŵ漣
ɽʮ®ҼˣСҶ
ԣҶǽɢ޵һ֣Ҽǵɽʱʵ׻ԭʮ®϶ʵΪڳʱһˣ
ϳҶ
㳡ϣʼһɾ޴Ļ
Ҷ᳤ǻ᳤ᵽһ
վʿȺ֮Уֵ̻Ǽ
ǻϵʿ嵽Ĳ;ƴɱҲ޷Ըϵǡ
뵽ɳ齨̻֮󣬿϶Ҫɴʹ˼壬šǮɽ˻ڣĲ㡣
Ҷ齨С̻һЩԱΪʧѾǰڳǴ˿̿ϲޱȳݵҶҶ֣šҶȻΪᵽ˽һ
̻ڳԱǿϲ֡


117 Ŵ
ҶվǰʯϣһȺֵ̻·ĺǿ˹ȥЦ˵ͷ
̨·ʿһȺˣλֵܣҶ̻Ļ᳤ĳҶϵǣ
ǵȻɽʱǵͷ
ǻ֪ǰʱǴֵ̻ܽһģһֱų嵽㡣Ϊԭ򣬻᳤˲ٵʱ䣬Ӱ˳ٶȣʱһٶ֮󡣲ǻ᳤Ҳһ嵽˵һǲǵ֮ĵһ
ⷬΧһСȺʿе𾪣Ӻ棬ǻ᳤Ҳ̫˰ɣȻǳ̻ʲôţӪЩеҲɢޣ֪ܼ̻ܲᣬΪ̻Ч
ûʽţ̻ţʱҪǻ᳤׶׼ɳǵĳϻһС̻ᣬȿŵʱӭλǰ
ֳΧʿ˷ܴС̻Ψһźǣ̻ƻû

Fʯ·ӵȺУĴ£üͷһתͷԱվŵҶЩɢˣĸͽʿ

Ҷһͷ
F˺һ
ʱԭյţԼһʼȫԸѸٰʿ϶һҶҲܴжһ
ڿôһ¡
ûһʼȫ֣ҶҲһûС
Ҷλʿӳһٶλ֮󣬵Ĳſʼ嵽ǰ档ҲΪԭ򣬳ڴʿһʼҲû˭ҶͬδFע⡣
һȥκıҶҲˣôտ»ǻƵĵطһƴɱҲǸһ
FɫĪ⣬һܸ̾ҶܵĲԩ
ƺκЩ𾪵ĿҶˣЩʿҲ»Ӱ쵽ԼӰ쵽ǰ̡û뵽ҶΪɢޣĸ˳Ȼ˿
ҶFơκ˵ƣڹʾ֮󣬳ǰλѾӹɡ
ɳǵĸǣɫӡ
Ƕܲ⡣
ԭָһٶF˵ڶλԭָһĽƣڵλԭָһκλûš
гʿ˶һλ
λǣһɫ䣬
ֻⳡɳǳϡŴʿԼܣɳʿڿţ벻϶Сû˭κ顣
ɳǼϣŵʿ̨ףԽʿеƣһα
ǿƣġֻҪƲ٣㲻١ڹ㳡˶ʿۼ֤£ҪҲǲܡ
ɳλм䣬һ۵ߣҶЦʵλСѣҶɢޣ
ǣǴһСɢޣֻǻԵɺϣԵϣ
Ҷæ
ɱϷǿˣϷԵǵĳ棬Ϸǡպǻкܶ򽻵ĻᡣǾͲˡ
Ц˵꣬Ŀɨ˵
վŴŶĳأǶƵʿʸŴţǰʮѡɡǰʮ֮ѡ֮Ȩ
⣬ɳǵĳϻΪ˹ҲóһЩΪƷÿǰǰʮǰʮвͬؽؼ޵ȵȣѡһ
ҶFơκѡһŰɣѡΪӣһλϣȥⷿѡƷǰصȽƷɳǿóûɫ϶⡣κĽƷҪһ㡣
˷׷׵ͷ
κɫɥ㣬ûгǰϾͿʼƷһ㡱ʵǲһƷסǰصȽƷֻϵȽƷ
ҶĿ⳯Ŵŵĵӿ˹ȥ
ݾŴ˽⼫ΪޣֻŵšûдֻЩײСɢޣҲԾŴһͷˮ˵һȻֻ֪Ŵŵĵӷǳǿɣǿ˵ˡ
ҶҲû̫Ļȥ˽ˣ
ҶҪջصĿ⣬ͻȻһȺŵм֣Դ
֣ԴһȺŵӵУĿĶҶ֮͸¶һɾִ֮Ȼ޲ҧгҪҶ
֣ԴҲû뵽ҶΪĿףԭҶ֮һᰵɱڣҶâΪҫĿҪôɳǳϣ洫ʿûֵĻᡣ
ҶһݣջĿ⣬ſ϶ǲȥʵ֣Դڰ˲̫ࡣҪǲһԸңһСľĵ
Ŵкص㣬ѡ
Ҷ
ϷˣƶԾŴŲ̫˽⣬Ϸ˵˵ɣ
ЦݾŴţ׷вͬսԦ޵ܻصȵΪԼڶ
óóŮΪóɽóóԦ֮Żóܻ֮ħóڶŴţѡŵĻѡʺԼ°빦
Ҷŵʱ΢
յɳǵʱΪͷ۵ģҩȡʯ
齨һС̻ᣬҲǳĿġ̻Σ̻ɸֳҩ̻֮Ϊʯ
ȻʯָҩӶγһѭ
Ҷһϵڷҩģ˻ɣ²ҩ·һ̻ĻһȺʿɳǾӪҩ⣬ҩͻȽϴ
ҶٰԼһҩĻУһĿ飬̶ܹȼĻɡ
ķõıⱩ¶ɸ
㹻ʯպҲܹ졣
ǾŴţֻŲҩӦһ֡
Ҷûѡţڿǡ
ҩֻһǣƷԦޡǵĻʵŴţһܹȥġ
ԶҪѡʵš
ǿһţ
Ҷ룬ʵ
ƳһڸŵӣŴŸŸǿ˵ǿָսǿٶ죬Ǳǿ
ŴŶеķ棬֮࣬κһţѧ֣ҪǿѡšĿףٶѡš
κͻȻ˵
ǿ
Ҷκһۣ֪ΪʲôҪԼѧĻһ£Ȼǿѡţ
ܿ죬Ҳѡ
Fûж࿼ǣѡš
Ƴһ£ѡţǡѡš
κѡҲ顣
Եǳǰȫѡš


118 ϹŹ
ҶFȳѡ֮Ǵŵһλ洫ʿȡһŵơѾΪŵӣֻǰŵǼˡ
˴ɵ洫ʿɫмѿ
ѡγʮʿŴţÿһſԴеʮˡǣǰһ¶ţĸǱʿˡ
Եǵĳڽ֮УڶʿڳԼҪһʱ䣬ʮȫ֮󣬲ʽʱڣŴʿ뿪Եǡ
ҶҪԵǵһ¡
ҶFˣɳǵһλճϣȥɳǴĿشѡǵĽƷˣ㳡һ½ǰʮʿ

Ե룬һΰĳϹ
׵ĳǹʿڹѲߡ
ɳǳ֮һǸƹܿصĳϣ˽ɭϵĹҲƫصĵ²ֿţһʯף²ֿ⡣
ʯǶһЩⱦ飬â˵ͨ
Ҷϵĺ棬ɫְһʯڡ
ľʯڳļӲʯʱȵɽʯץ·ĩҪ鵶ڵĻһҲڲСӡ
һ͵ĵ¹治֪ôɵġ
ʿ²ֿ⣬Щ棬мȻǴʿһɼ鱦أûɳǵĿӴḻ
һϴɣһ͵ĵ¿ⷿڡ֮ⷿУһʯңİڷŸ鱦ҩš
ⷿڴ󲿷ֶʿʿõĸ෨ǽʿõġǼȻʿڿҲԶˣѡһʿõƷΪƷϷȿصķɣ
ϵ
еһżƷʯҡ
ʯڣһЩУһâҫĿСҶ˵Ŀ⡣
ڣÿһֻС״죬ɽǹ«ӡȦ졢顢塢ɡ¡ס࣬ʤ
ҫĹҲͬɫɫɫɫտɫɫĿޱȡ
ҶȣûʿõķȻ֮ࡣ
ʿ۾ֱˡ
ЩǼƷʿõķһ֣Ҳ׾١ϣҪǱɫɽ
κϲУָеһеĸͷ
ЦҶһֻѡһֵǼ⣬ʯҵĶصȽƷƷʵķκĽƷϵȣֻѡƷʵķ
ʲôҲķ
κɫһήˡ
ֲǰôϴʲôűǡ
FЦһ
ϣܴܲȥؼ
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⻰һڣϣFκƼ˵Ŀ⡣
ҪùţΪβѡһⷨţҲϴó
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ǰֿģѡŸʲôȥˣǱʯҪȱʯһ׵ļƷüʯ
κֵ
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ҶǼ˵ĿⶢţЩڵ
ʯڣʱչ졣
ϡFκƼˣһ˼Ŀ⿴Ҷ
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û˵һ˹֮Ǻ
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ɢĳ̶ȣװ
Fܴĵ
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Ҳû뵽ҶȻûҶԶһŵʯҡ
ʯңȫǹţЩΪصȹƷƷƷصȹϡٵϹŹϹħϹֻǰƷǰʮƷǰʮƷţвδ棬Ϻ򵽡㿴һɣ
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Ͻһµ
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龭ľ龭֮Ĺǳ򵥡԰˴ΪһЩĹţͼӰҲŮʿ׾ٵûʲôաҪ֪ԵǾųʿɢޡɢ޺ҵʦ̵ԼǺѲ͸ģȻĹ
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𩡢FκƼҲһţΪĶСڼĽ̵£ʼǡԪǸֵ龭龭Ѿһ̶ȣ;Ļûкô
һ߽͡
Ҷ붮š
һ㡣ϹŹصȹֵߡǰǵò͸Уҵʦ̡
ݾŴţʵǿһһλʦ̣ϹŹӦò̫ѵ飡
Ҷ
ʮ֮У˼顣
Ŀһ״档
һƴСɢŵİɫΡڣһöˮ͸⻪ʥӡöˮڣļΪ΢С֣ͬһ㣬Źת
ҶӿһֵиСĸоҪ
Ҳǹ
Ҷе֡
һϹŹš䡷洦˵һλӺⷵصʿģһֱڿڣҲûǸҪǳ̡ΪʱҪΪҪĽϵķΪÿһ㣬ҪŻ̫ڷҪҸֲͬƷף
ϵ˵ͷ
Ҷõķǲģһµ
Ҫɣ
ҶΪһӵеһѡȨڵصȽƷһ
ֵĿҶһۣ̫ҶΪʲôѡֵĹȡҶֽ䡷ӿص˲Ͻ˹Żȥ


119 ̻
Ҷѡһݹ䡷ֵ֮FơκѡǸԵĽƷ
ϴǼڴŷź鵤ʯתһתǵƷ˷֮⡣ޣ˭ҪĻȥɳǵ԰ѡһͷµ̡
Fҡҡͷ˵ҾͲˣȻ̫ʯˡѡһˮϵ׷ɽɣ
ƺܿѡһʽµˮϵɽ
ֵκɫЩգһƷʵķ
Щʿõķʿ˵Ʒ̫ˣòˡʿȫķעȥ»˷
ȡԵĽƷ֮󣬶װţ뿪ɳǵ

һգԵ쳣
ĵһգǰѾˣǰʮҲһ½
㳡ϣɳǵĴСɸջʮʿǶʱ෹ۻ⣬ʿʵǿδǱ
겻ͬǰαɳǴʿռݡȻĿףȴһλɱɢ޶ߣͨʿ̸ҲΪ̼˷ܡ
ʿǣʱҲ½½
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쬣
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Ϻɫ԰ף϶иµѪֳһ鵶ڹ㳡ϥ¡
ǰ㣬һжȽ˳ٶȼ졣ǵĵĲ㣬һСľͷǣͷ³ķмл˽֣ľеķΪΣյʱ򱻴ڴ˳
ʿͬʱͷǵϮʤԡ
ѣлȥᵽƣǰȥɽһ꣬Ӧܳǰʮ
Ϻɿ¼ָѪ鵤аһ߰ϱ˺ѵ˿ڡ
ΧĹ㳡ϣڶʿ˷ܵ۳ǰʿһϤ֣ϸһһ㶡
Ҷʦܣһ˽Ŀףһǳ徢ʮ㡣´ԺһƽͻȻðֻ˰һٶԺҵͷӵܶûԵǣҲŶ̶̴ʱ䣬Եʿѹȥˣ˿ס
Ϻסˣ֮ҡͷҶʦܽţܶᵽơʵֱˣ治֪ôҵĽʮ㣬Ȼǳ
Եôʱ䣬ʵϺҲ֪ԼĽǱʵ㣬Ѿǳǳĸߣ˴ȥɳǾٳ𶯵ĳ̶ȡ
ڽϵһǧɢ֮Уϰųһʡ
ǣʣȴǱҶΪͬʱ䣬ҶѾ㣬Ÿյ㲻á
С˻ʲôطأСǧϷָŴŪһʯˡ
ʦ䣬źƵ㳡Ĵţ²ɢ޻֡һˣңûҵ֮ǰʿӰ
ʦһϵʿϢǧʯɳǵĴ塣˼壬ʿţɹƭӼ߰ߣãʯˣֱӰƭӸ˳
ǸɳǵϷôͲˣ
ڴǰһӻңʦĻȴŻᡣᱻˣŴŵ洫Եǡ
ʦɴһĴȣãֱӰϢźˡ
ɲ̴̵ȥŴ洫ʿ˵֪һʮʿҪ˵֮ҲСӣ³ܱҡ
ҵ˵ֱӰ͵洫ʿȥ
ɽ˺˷ǳѣʦҲ֪ʿ
ʦĿһ㳡ԶһɫĮʿڴæܹȥһ֮´ϲ̳ȥץסϺֱۣϲҵˣ
ʦô㣡Ǹʲô
Ϻڴ֮һʦĿ
˰ɣѵСӲţǳʧ˰ɣǺαط⾢ءСӵʣһšȡ
ʦһЦͻȻʶ˵ȥæס⡣Ū粻֮࣬ߣϷϷŴŵ洫ʿţǰ
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֪˰ɣŵķӲ١ĸһλ洫ʿϵѪףֱӿԴšϷһӿȥ
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˵ǿɣûҪһܽš
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ɵһ֪꣬жصĺľԪǲһԪΪʿڶ
ʦˣϺҪǲȥĴʯɾûˡ
аɣ
ϺĬ˺һվʵҶѾΪҶ֮϶չ٣ɳǵһ꣬ҪĸԶˡٹӵ˵Ǻܴĵ顣
ʦϺͬ˷Ϻ㳡ҵ˼ŴӣЦǰæһ¶洫ʿ˵Ҫ̡
ĵ΢ݣǲֱŶ洫ʿ
Ҫ̣һСʿʲôҪ£ʦ
һ˵ƭӣҲ䣡
ݾŴŵĵλȻߣɳȴǺܸߣһ߰׸ɳǵͨʿύм䲻ʦһۣǲмһˣᡣ
λүæºСıл
ʦޱȣܽ˴¸˵û̸֮ǰϢй¶ȥͲֵǮˣæӻͳʮʯ
ǼӣΨֱ֮Ͻʯ
ʦ˹㳡ϵŵӣһλŻŵĵӣʦ̬ȳϿҡķϣʯӦһ¡
ʦʱϲֻҪԼŶ洫ʿǱϣ

Ҷ뿪ɳǴ֮󣬱㷵سϵСջһСȺɢޡЩ˶Ǵɽ׷ʿɳǺ󣬲δš
Ҷֵܣ
ԣøĿڽл᳤ˣҶ᳤
˷׷Ц
ҶϴЦֱߵ¶̣˼̳˵ĵͽȪˮƣһߺţС̻顣
ҴˣԵǵдС֯Ҫɳǳϻ롣ϻͨˣɳʽˣ᳤̻ýʲô
žƵ
̻ƾͽг̻ɡȥһ£ӦûͨҪһ̣ΪС̻פءȥҺʵĵ̡
Ҷһ˵ǵҶС˽ԡؽ¶֮⣬ȡҶڱǰ̻ơ
ֻҪϻС£ϡ
æЩǵһȽ鷳顣Щ˶Сɢޣʮֵͷԣÿ˴ʮʯҲֻİٿʯʯºӦڵľӪ
ҼȻǻ᳤ʹٿʯɡʮ®׿ٿʯҴģ˵ǰ档Ƿٿʯϡտʼ𲽣̻Ĺģ̫н˾Űٿʯ㹻ʮʿС̻ˡ̻ᣬӪҩ⣬ԱֵɳɼҰҩǹʿеҰҩ·عôࡣ
Ҷһ˵


120 ɳ
Ҷֵ̻׵ͷ¡
ҶȥһԵǳϵɳǵĳϻһС̻ᡣ
ɳǸС̻֯ڶ࣬ⲻʲô£ټҶǽһӣڳǼϵã
ڳֵѰһʺϵС̣ﱸ̻ĿšɳطֻһǳСĵ̣һҲҪٿʯǮ
֮ǮɽࡢɵҲڳ
̵̻ĵԱڵҩ̻Ա֪Ҷ᳤̻ʱ򣬺ܳԾ㵵С죬ЩȻڰ֮ǰźҶϺСԵǣû뵽ҶѾɳǡ
ҶܿҪȥţڼ䣬һΪء̻һֽǮɽࡢɡʿȥ
ҶԴҲûʲôĵġ
Ҷ˵̻Ҫ;ǣܹ˳ҩȡʯǶ˵̻ɳȥĸ
˵ΪҶЧ˵ΪԼɻǮ̻ȵùԼ
ҶΪ᳤Ĳ̻ϡ
ʮ֮ѡһɵգ̻ʽɳǵ͵š
Ҷ̻ᣬ̻̿ŵ飬ԭǲδϢǺܿ촫˳ȥڶʿǰǲٶһʿ
FƣκλǰʿһݺС̹Ҷĳ̻Ὺš
FκƲ˳ۣǵȻһġ
Ƕ֪ҶҪ̻ᣬΪŵͬʦֵܵݣպ̧ͷͷȻҪǰϲأһ½顣
κF֮ǰ˲κӵǰŪĺܴ±˲֪Ҷϵ
Ҷʦ֣ǰɳǵĴС嶼ˣռ˵һλСӵܼȫҪ˺һλ㿪̻ᣬ̻ɳǵδغùֻҪʵӲЩС¡ɳǵôˣҲû˭鷳
κЦŸҶֵܡ
ͬΪŵӣΪһҶţʦ֡ݾŴţнŵʿҶͬϵĴʦ֡
κʿĴݹ٣ɳǴָʿǶʮ־ȡ
FơκɳĴӵܣǰһС̵أζʲô˶֪ڴӵ˵һСʲôǵȻǳ̵Ļ᳤ĳףŵҶġ
Ȼȣһ뵽Ҷŵӣû˻졢κʲôԾ
ܿ죬һЩļǰء
Ҷʦ֣Сˣ
ɳǰϼ壬ӴһڳЦǺǵĽҶС̣FơκǰǰʿѾˣæк
Ҷĳ
Щźҡͷûܽǰʮֻڶʮλڿϣǰ档Ҳٳ塣һɽţҵҲ洦
ţҲáȥɽţֻǲ֪պʲôʱټˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
жҶЩĽҶҪ壬ɳԽ̻ᣬպҲţҶŴĲ⣬ҲɳǾӪ̻ᣬ;Էչܹ
ܿ죬һϮ׿Ҳżӽ˵̡
׿ʿڣ΢΢鶯һ£ֳ˼ҶҶʦ֣һССĺ񣬲ɾ⣡
æһݳصϡ
ݺЩءʢһʯ
Ҷһ಻٣պٿʯ
ҶղЦ׿ٿʯ׿˶Լģɴ͹Ҳȥ
Ҷ񽻸˷࣬Ϊ̻ıǮ
Сһʱǳ֣ڶǰʿ
Сʿ֪ڳʱҶΪԾҲһݺ̹ء𲻶ֻ࣬ʮʯ
ɢȻֵһС񣬵ǲδ
ƼСԼ԰һȺһСʿҶԭҰϽʶʿ
ݺԬλʿҲǰأ˱˼ҴţҲϵҶн顣ţǵԼҶںֶһ˸ŵˣܱҶ᳤ܣɳҲָ
һǮɽࡣ̸տţûʲô⡣ǹպյһǧʯЩǳҶĺԭ̻Ǯ̫٣һ±óСɢչͽ׵ҩ
Ҷǣϣ̴ȵʱϺҲٵʱ̡
ϺֻҶ̻Ὺţ˳Ҳ̸ɻ
һ̸Ҷ֪ϺŻƸֱ¼
뵽ԼһɳΪߣ˲Щ̾
´ԺṴ̶̊꣬ҶţϺŻţѾ˰ݾŴš
ȻһʵԲһЩҲʮ꣬ŵоֻ꣬Ҫ㹻ʯûϣ
ҶΪ̻ĺ֮һѸٳɳ

̻Ὺֽ֮ƽľӪ֮С
Ҷ̻ɳҵӣɸ£׼Լ
ľϵҩ
ֻܳɳΪײϣʿõһԭϣҲɾۼԪи֮Ч
Եǳһʱ䣬ȥ
ʮö½ʿȡ˳
ÿһɹȡʿΪ˷ܣӯܴʿ֮УȡʮöƣǰһѶ֪֮
һգһʿ㳡ϣһɢޣи߸߾һӲӵšʮ
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ʿڶ֮Ŀϲ֮УΧʿߺͻȻۡһѪĿһͣ˵ءµĳѾľ
죬ˣ
㳡϶ʱҳһš
һޣһöƱȡĳʽرգлڳڵʿ˳
ɹʿüɫ裬
ȻɹȡʿϾֻǼ󲿷ʿ岻ĵ㣬Ҫ˵ˡʧպ;ɥ
ûܳ㣬ֻΪһЩаգ
ڳʧܵʿ뿪Ŀг˿ڴԼ
žʮöеݾŴŵ洫ʿʮλʿѡ֮󣬱ŵĵ뿪Եǣظš


ڶ Ŵ


121 
뿪ǰһգҶɳʶʮλʿСƹں˸ҹ顣ȥţ֪һղܻɳپۣ꣬ʮأ˭Ҳ֪
컹δ
Ҷδڳ˯ʿϢ뿪˾ƹݡ
Եǣ̨
ʮâԵǵա
Ŵŵ洫ʿʿӹ̨סյȷݣ뿪Եǣ̤ǰ֮·
ЩʿȺ֮УҶһͷһɾ޴ĵͽףҵķ
ӴԵǣѸٱСֻһԽԽԶʧãã֮УҲ
ҶջЩĿ⡣
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һУյ뿪Զȥ
գҰɴǧ֮⡣·ɽɽ罣һķ͵һηϸ߿յҶ𺳡
֪ŵΣݾھŴţʿ֮أӦǼΪ˵ĵط
ҶĿ峺侲
Ҷ뵽תͷǰеĺ鶫ʦ塣ЩĽʿ飬ʿûָġ
һʮʿӵŶ洫ʿ鶫һӲӵķɽΪһ೤硣ŷεʿǴӵӡ
ʣµʮˣγŵʿ
鶫ûٴŵʮӣǿҶFơκˡ
F˫ĿڣͦΣһۿȥ̾
ƳƲòɫһӢͦʡ
κ䣬һ˫ĿƱˡ
˶ɳǴʿеĳ֮ױ˵Ŀ⡣
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Եǣ˲ʶĻΪһȽͨɢޡ
ƫƫҶFơκ˸ܣһ
鶫ԼʦݣҲѯϸڣֻɻ󲻽⡣
ʦ壬ȥţҪɶã
κק׵Ĳӣһǧɵĵ棬Щ顣
Զأ
鶫Ƴһۣ䳰
ڵ֮ǰǼ仰þŴ֮ף֮ڵȽɭϣ򡣲˿Խ
ŵӣڼӡŻһЩõԴһҪԼްһʮ꣬лΪ洫ӣǸʱǳͷ֮ա֮ǰʵһ㡣
ŵڶӣ洫ӡ洫֮Уϵķǳҡ
ŵһӣǱšڳϣǽʿ
һ֮ϣǼλ棬չޡŮŴ죬ҲԶԶļһλһ档һҲûٻҲա
ҪΪԵǳǰǰʮźߡܹźߵʿȥɳǵκһλ洫ӣ
鶫Į˵
ǣʦ壡
ҶFκʵţ⻰ôǣĸҲ
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ŵˣ
鶫ңңһָ
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˵Ŀܿ챻ǰ
ҶſȥֻһƬǧΡɽ壬ΪŨ羰ССɽ壬岼֮Ľǹ̨¥ٲϪȪɣһƬ財
ʱɼһɽӹһͷͷ׷շϪϢ
𺳵ǣɽ崦һСĵȻڰšϽһΪĿ鹬
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ʮŵʿŵľ֮󣬶𾪵ļһ仰Ҳ˵˵ԵֻһʮĳǳأŽǧɽУԵǴ̫ࡣ
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鶫ǵ˵ط֮󣬷Ըһӣ˵˼䣬뿪ˡ
ǣʦ壡
æͺ鶫뿪еһŵӣʿһֱź鶫ӡ
ҶFʮŵʿһۣ꣬ͽʦˣ
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ΪŵӣĺôʵֻһǵסغܴÿʮĶĵͽ֡ǳʱǰʮĶǰʮʮĶչ죬ֳɫĻܵõ
뿪壬˸һ΢Сɽ壬С壬ǵסˣ
ʮ˲ɾˡ
һСɽ壬طҲǳɽϵľʮ¥ͥԺڶɽȪϪˮнࡣֻҪֱӰҩϱˡ
żɽɾסÿһλӻ϶ǶԾסһС¥ԺҡҡסΧдƬɳӵ˵˵⡣
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жʮĶԵǣѾǸԣСɼļҲˣŴɣȻ󷽣һžô
κ˷ܵĴС
ظ˵̫磬õҩûô֣ҪʮꡢϰճɡǸţһһյȣƳʯιޡÿЩʯ룬洦
Ƴһ죬ΪȻ
ˣ㿪ʼӲʦÿߵɵʦ̵ֹͷȥѧ洦


122 ѧ
ҶFʮλŵʿڸʦֵϤ˻֮󣬱ԸǣԼסæµ
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ϣҶ˯ڣԶУԪתΪԪ
ڵ֮УõϢ

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֮󣬵һǰȥѧϰ˶Щ˷ܺڴ
ǰԼߴӼ峤֮еõָδõϵͳԵԼĥŴȫͬġ
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ȻˣС֮бֳɫҲõֽȵȡ
ֳɫӣõõԴȻԽԽǿ⵽̭ǳпᡣ
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Ҷ˸֮ڴȺڸ¹ۿţԼȥѧʲô
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Ҷ·һС洫һλʦڽ˵ͷӡפ㣬һСڣڿһ¡
СڣԼʮӣھ۾ʦĽ˵


123 ͷӡ֮أ
λ뷢Ұ׵ʦ壬ڵʮǰһʱ
ڵķǳΣλḻʦ崫ڷͷӡ֮ء
νķɽķйʵʻһֶΡ
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磬ף׿䣬緢ѣֽǷȻûұʿҲոһյתؼķһҲͣϢ
ҵ֮ʦȻЩ֮Ϊ
߸Щģȴޡ
ǧӴԶԶҵ塣ççɽԭ֮У̷ʳøմʩչˮ绽꣬Ƽ
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ʿɱޣȡڵ巨ӡ֮󣬲Žһַӡİءߵķӡδ͸
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ɽһھϵģҲɽСһֻԪء
һ˵ĵԽ٣Լ΢׷ӡһʮϰٸģһķнס߽׷ǧ֮
ߵķӡģ巨ӡ֮󣬻Դ෨ӡԴӡֻжʿͽʿǺԴġ
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ʦ̸˵һʱ֮󣬽յĴڣҲûףֱȥ
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Уλʦ崫ڻԭҲζ޷ȥʦ崫ڷҲǰӲࡣ

ҶСʱ䣬ʦ崫ۣŲ෨ӡ伮ӡӡŪһ򵥵ķӡӡ
ӡֱӴϵõģ»ƷӡڵķģӶƳһöӡſ顢ʮʯ
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Ҷϵ˻һвĥá
Ҷһ֧ޱʣմһЩҺ塣
оӱУɿдӡĵһġ

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ģͬһϴ΢С𻨣ʱÿðһ˿˿
˷ģΪϵ̺˻ֱӽΧռĻڷġɰ˾ʮһ壬վۼһӡ
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еǵɫͻȻ࣡һըѿΪһС磬׹ڵء
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Ҷһ㶡
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һʱʧʮ֮󣬵һڱȶʼƵڶġ
㻨յʱ䣬һӱдʮġԽ棬ǻʧܡԻҲΪ
ŪˣΪʲôͷųһöԲεС򣬶״
ĵ״ͬҲֱӵͷų״ͬӡԲͻɣˮӡǳʸˮɣ׻ӡһ׷ɡ
ҶķȥоƷӡȻǽΪȤǻƷӡʯô򵥡
ѧĶǳ׷
ҶFʩչˮ׷
ˮˮ׻׷ϳɵн׻Ϸ
ҶеΪ档
˵ֻͨͨһϵȻ󲻶ϵһϵӻߣꡣһķӳףнס߽ףԽԽ󣬴Χϵ
ǣҶǶ
аϵ֮࣬Ҳֱӵÿһϵߣܹѧȴࡣ
ԸⳢԻϷ
ϵġ򡱳׷ϵġʯ׷ϳɡʯн׷ķͲǻ˺ϵ˺
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ˮϵԿ˻ϵˮϵ޷˻ϷϷִӦ鷳
ַϷǳĸӣѶȿ϶ߡ
Ϊ֮˵ģϱϡһϲãӡͻˡ
뷨ҪʵУҶðѷĻԭŪףźö֡
Ѿʮͬĳ׷Ū׸෨ӡ֮󣬿ԳŽǺϲɸн׷֪ϳɶֻϷ
Ҷһ뵽ڶķϣܣޱȵļ


124 Сѹ
Ҷ˴ʱ䡢ʯо׷ӡͷ档ǺʺɵĵطŨڶ෨Ԩʦ崫ѧʶ
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ҶʱƣŵҲ˽ĸࡣ
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ӵȨ֮ء
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Ҷŵʱ򣬱ԶԶļɿյĵ졣һֱܺ棬ϵ鸮ʲôõġΪһŻữɵɸ죬蹬ʶڡ
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ŸԵ֮䣬̷Ҫһʱ䣬һһ˷зʡͽ׵ҪźƷҷɴ͡
ɳǵĴС壬ԿŷɴеӵܼʯȲӵҲܽźڵ˻ȥ
Ҷ֮󣬲ŵҹҩ˭֪ŵʿŸոտʼԼʮĶͷǲʲôҩġ
һŵĵӣҩ鷳
ҶԼɸֳһҩֵǧʯľװһӣͨ˷ͻظɳǵĳ̻ᡣ
˰ҩȥһʯ͹˲֪ŵΪ취޽ҩȻʲôʡ
ҶÿһзһЩҩʯܹһʯѾȫ׵ĵõʯİ취
˷һһȥҪʱ䡣ٰҩʱҲϣҪá
Զˮѽʡ
ԼֵʮĶҪһܳȡ
ҶΣʱ˲ٵ鵤ټоҩÿĿʮʯϣͷѾûʲôʯˡ
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Ҷҡͷ
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һɾһأ̫˷ʱˡҶȡͨҲнٿʯ
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125 
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ʲôط´ԺҲãԵҲãҲգֻҪڶ˾۾ӵĵطҪɣҪӶ֡ڿһЩҲһʯ衣
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ҶʱܸеһֺصѹҶλƽɢ޵ǱǸоЩѹFй֮޲
ȫЩͨСɢޣΪʲôôҫĿĴۡ
ҶֻһɢޣûκθԴ֧֣ȴԵʿ֮ж˳һѾǳˣ
ţʮĶڻдʯۻ˵绢ٹҪΪŶ洫ʿֻʱ⡣
κĿ쳣ӣһ˿˿ġʡ
кܲԸϣԼڼʡ
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κԳһ䣬ԥãջתȥԼסͥԺץʱƸսȥ

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127 һ
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128 Сϳ
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Եǵʮųŵʿۺʵձϸߣûһǲġ
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Сƣ㡣սеȻǣʤսϵȻػƽʮĶ
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ΪҶϢʵΪһֱĥҲֻСҶչʾ

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ҶŵʱΪĿˣһͷĻؿܿʼսֻҪһ㹦ƽ֣ͨ˿ˡʼɣ
࿼ĵ˵꣬Щ͵ĻҶϳμӿ˵ĵ̫࣬ü࿼ʿҲеЩ͡
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ΧۿһСȺʿɫ𾪵ĿҶеȻǣǧͬ׵ʵܲȵôûûз֮Ȼ⿿ͰͷǸѹˣʵ³ײϣǧܶԻǽǿѹƣ˵ʵǰЩй֮޲һеĸ֣
Щۿʿʼ˷ֳڿС֮УǷǳ˷ܵ顣
ʿ𾪡
FκƵһСȺʿֻǾһ£ܿȻϾһǰҶʵԺFȣһͷеȻǣҲ档ǸڴģҶսʤٽ׵ĻޣܲܳԽFʵ
ʶٿػǵļ࿼ӣͬоЩûüСĵӣķʽܡһͷǡͷ˿û𣬵Ѿɥʧս
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һΪʤһʮĶﵽˣڿʼڶ
ҶһŽͷĻ߳ʮ֮⣬аţ˫ػ


129 ʤǣ
ϵȻػһϳΧʮֹͣҶζԸͷؿޡ
ͷػشǧһͷҪؼ֡ʿʵãϾֻһͷ൱ΪĿܣҪԸʵǺѵġ
࿼ӣСĵĲŻػƽҶٱĲס
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ʱֻһ㹦򣬼࿼ӲҹȴٿػػΪһӰƿպХڰڵצצ繳Ҷɱȥ
С̶ʮɾ룬Իػ˵ҲǼ˲Ĺ
ҶĿкâһս˫ȭȽŸעȭţ޷Զ΢΢趯
ȣ
ҶȻǰһСڻػ֮ǰ磬ΪһװӰػĸȥ
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ҶоԼȣڼӲޱȵĸְϣһɷ֮Ͼ΢ķ顣ʯɷ
ȭƲףҲ޷ͷϵȻػˡǣԽɳȥ
䣡
شǧĻػڰмɳʮ֮⣬ڵأСȦ⡣
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꣡
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F¶šһأһʱ䣬Բʤܵƽ֣볡Ҫһʱڻͷؾ޻Ѷ̫ߡ
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ʵܶʿܿؾ޻ȫǺصףһطǾ֪˭Ķǲףٶܳؾ޻Ҫϵʮϣſܽǲ̶һ㹦⼸һ޷ɵ
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Ҷʦ֣ʵ߲㣬ս
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ȫ¶Ƿ˶еĹؽڶĵطҲʮĶƤףߺ
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ǳһھŲʿҲѹƲס׾ٵĸӲ䡣
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ʶٿػܵļ࿼ӣϺ棬˷ܵļҪٿһͷǿĻܣֺɨһʿĸоֱƮƮɡûĸҶ򣬵һٿͷеȵĻܣı
ѾʤǵĳˣսеȻܣһĳϵΪ˭ô죿ĪλųϵãһʤˣǾʤŵλ϶ᾪ
СΧʿ𾪺
ԭߵɵ㳡ϣۿڶǣ׷׳߿˹ֱܹܶۿˣһʱȺӵ


130 һ˲ʤ֣

Сϣһ󼱴ٵĽ
һΣҶԻ鵶նܡ
ٿصļ࿼ӣƺҪչʾһ»ܵǿԭվŲҶʮ൶ͷ­ϵϽһشسҵĻ𻨡
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ǿĻܣôİҶʦʮ൶ȥնһ㣡һ㹦򣬿Ҳδܿ
СΧΧ۵ǣһƬܶ۾ֱˣܵǿ𾪡
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鵶ϵĺף׷˵磬ը
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ҶʮСĳڣȰӰڼٷɱܶ㿪ܵĹżֻķڻܵһǳǳۣûá
ĳҶʦֻƽճˣ
FơκлõˣһҶǵѹ̫ˣʤһĻǶ֪ôӿҶ
ͷеȻܣ̫ǿˡھŲʦ֣ڶ̶һ㹦Ҳκβͷܡʱ䣬ƽ֣õĽˣ
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СΧǧŵӣ׷ҡͷһŻŮʿʿᣬݴ۹ӵܣмʡִͷ飬Ҳ룬ϧһϵΪƴҲ
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𣡡
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ǿС֪ǼǱӡһ꣬пܳΪŶ洫ӣλһԾ


131 ܾ
нϸ˼СݵӣɫЩˡ
Ҫ֪Ž𵤳ϵãǴ̥Ϳʼøʣ𲽺硣壬ԪΪʿʮɹʮ㡣ʿʱҲһһ֮ٶȳ
ҶԵģ𲽿϶Ҳʮ㡣̶֮һ֮䣬ΪΪڰ˲ʿ֤Ǳʼߡ
Сӵ츳Լã
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133 
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ڲĶԭԿʯĻʮٽǧԭļֵߡԭڳ󣬶ǵŶڻһСԭҲֵ̫ǮǳµĴӿɽȡĿʯܴջ
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134 Ŀū
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Сūͷ棬մ˺ɫĩݣЩҡΡ
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ҶǿʯڣС޴Ӷ
һת㳯ӣǻͷһɴ۾һž޴˹һ°ڵϡ֩ǿĹ֣ԸǾˣҲѡ
С֩סڵ϶á
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޴ʯϣĳɳʯ
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137 շū֮
С޷Ӽ쳣֮ѣɱͷ֩룬ɴཫԴһڵϣٸɫ̣һŭγȻ̷
ͷ˵֩СٷٷŷĴ󵨵ıƽ˹
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Ȼ޷ʶȥ̽Լоڻ֩롣Ȼ֩볲Ѩͨô֩Ӧòֹһͷ
Ҷûһ֩סǳΣգֻеķݡķС硣
ĵĵȴѵĳʱ
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ҶڲԶǱŲ֩ССĳһ
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138 
ūͷҶɱͷ֮֩ķˡŵˣԴЩū飬ڿǴûе顣
Ҫ˵飬Ҳϸɡ
Ҷڿڴգūͷ鲼һŴż¨ϡʯ뿪󶴡շڵǧūһļͷͷ
Ҷڿڲ졣
ϺӪկܼͷܹͷӳȼλĸ߲㣬ȴȹϵϡ
۵Ĵ˵ܹһ͵ôڶˣûΣ
ܼͷˡ
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ǿ԰Щܺôİѱʦһ͡ڷʦδͲǵ顣
ֻܹһֱϢз
һա
Ҷſ³˿󶴣һ¨ϡʯطڿǰﴦʯ۳ңͷЦ⼸ڵĿ󣬰һ¹Ǯɣ
ܼͷܹͷܶӳˣӭӴܹܵ顣Χʮͷ͹ͷūڳĿʯ
ܼͷһҶ¨Ŀʯʱһ㶣һ첽˹ȥץѵԭʯһϲ
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Ŀ֧ʮ˵Ķĺܳ
ܹͷһ鵶ڶǰ棬֣Ϊ˷ܡ
ҪǿūܹڳĽϵʯ϶ܹдһʡ
ܿ죬ЩԾһ·ȻûκοūƺڵĿūͻȻʧһ㡣
Щ๤ٽ󶴣Կڵĵ·ϤϿӣ޷ַ
ʲôطȥˣң
ܹͷŴȺ飬ȥȻҲһū
ںѹܼͷֲԾǰ档
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Уһɢʮ˾ΣˡǧūǷءң
ܼͷɿתţĿūʮ᷸꣬ͼĴ
ͻȻǰ䴦ּūҵӰ
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ܼͷδȥԴŴӼ๤
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ͻȻڴһ졣һ޴Ŀʯ׵ĴӶϷͻȻܹͷͺܼͷһȺ๤жϡ
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ֻǿūõ壡
ܼͷɫһ䣬𣬡ãһƵ壡죬ְʯῪܹͷȳмˡܹͷʵӦ֧ŵǵľԮ
ڼ๤Ƿ׷ǰ
ʯʿҲƿġ


139 
ܹͷ鵶żͼͷ䴦׷ǼĿūͻȻ󷽴䡱һ죬תͷһ
ֻһ޴ʯĿˡ
ǼͷĴȺ๤ͷǱʯ
ܹͷ壬ūҪ°
ͷļСͷʱ֪
ʲôһʯͷѣܿܰῪūȻŪүүŪǣ
ܹͷɴŭͷūķȥ
ԭȼĿūȻͣͷܹͷ¶η֮ɫǵΪ׵һˣǰһ׺ݡ
ǼūҲҸү
ܹͷЦ鵶ūǷ˹ʿ鵶ɱֻпµڿūв˻ס
ʲô壬ʲôūǵļͷܱĵӲ
ūҲֵǮɱһЩͷµģȥ׹ץµĿūˡ
ǼСͷĻ֮뵽ǶߣɰҲһԾԾԸܹͷĺ档
ߡߣ
ūͻȻֿǵһͷ̵С߽ų
ܹͷʱֹסŲɫһ
Сһһܹͷȥһ֮ͳţ˹ȥ
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ɲǼ䣬ĲҽХըѪ
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ֻ˲ʮϢ򣬽Щ깤֮ǺСѸٳˡ

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141 
ܶӳʹ棬ѸͶЧҶڼ๤ǸΡϺһ֮ƣΪҶοܹɨϰû˸ˣСֶΡ
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Ҷ˿ūŻݡͨʯԻʳڵ߽ʯԽˣõҩģ߿ūϽɸ߽ʯĻԡǲ๤ȥ˿ڵޣµĿūڿ
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Ӫկ⣬ϺϺһƬʮ̵ĺڳŲٵͽ׵ɻŵԶŵ֣Ե÷徻ʿ˵Ļ˵صҲͦ

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һֱΪֻвŻֵӰȻšףͻȻżϡ


143 ݵ
ɴṲ̊ɽţЩ
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֣ҵ֮⣬û˭˵ô໰Ҳ֪˵Щʲôܾкܶ໰û˵ꡣ
Ů۵Щɻ
֮ڣǽһʿΪϸߣǲǰаףǱϹϾ˵秵ģҳʦֶŮڱسƴС㡣
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ӣ϶ʶ
òҵһλʿǸˡһֱ֮Ц⣬ָ顣
֪ɵŵ壬壬һ·ʿɿܵһԣȥ֮ŸҼСǶ洫ʿǽ𵤳Ͻˡ
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룬һ̻Ի͵ĸۡۡдš鸮鶯ּ
ŵʿ֪յŵ߽أӱչ֮ءһܸյʯɣܹշС
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չغþˣ֪ҪòŻأ
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ܶӳһСӪկѲߣҶæǰ񣬸Ҷ档
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Ҷص֮ÿȥҹޣܵѡһЩʿõϺΪԼڼŴ֮ʤ㡣


145 ž
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146 ̨ս
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ŵĴ󿼿ʼ˺һֻʮʿ˾̨ʼذǵʵ߲㡢˲ңԾûʲôϣŻûôĹǡ

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̨ϳһСС澰λĻȣʮذ߷һֱĵ̨ϿţʱĳķǴʿĶս

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󿼰ףԳ磬ھŲ㣬ϵ콾ʿŵ
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ԳҶɲκλӦҡͷЦһеķ齣Լʩһһ˵ţûʸվڰ׵λϣ˭˵˶㣬֪Ȼִսұһʵûʸսƺͨϵ׷г׷ͨ
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ھ޴ľ̨ϣڶ˳ʱһƬҵĻոһ̼İ״սҶλɹһⳡŻλսȻ̼ޱȡ
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ϻ۵΢ƣݸѹܡ
ʮݣսʧܣعԭλҶʤ
ʮλʿνʼλսսǣףҶ
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žĹսϯϣռȵ˷
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̵ܹʱڣҵʺϵĳ׷ϡֱǸ죬רſƶֵսôãûһļս
ȥܼ򵥵սȴ޷ƽ⡣
Ҷƽֵսֲ֪ƽս
սʧܣþ̨ͷԷȵʿǣ侲ơҶذߣôǵġ
׳ķ˳ʱ˻
ӵսȨʿǵѡǰʮǰʮʿսжԲ߿ѭǸҶսŴ̫ˡ

һһĻλսԽϴ򣬳ԽԽҡ
ǰʮţλսѡǰʮǰʮ׷սҶλɹ֮⣬һɫսܡ
ǰʮţλսǰʮȫսܡǰʮλ̫ǿҪλ̸סżôһսҶʧܶա
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ֵǣʽʼλս
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λʿ
𾪵ǣǾȻûսܹսȨޡ̨֮󣬱һֱסǰʮİ񵥣δսܹ
һɫŽ𵤳ϺᣬΪӡ֮⣬ǻһݣǸϵĺĵӡ
Ϊ̨֮ǰڲЭ໥֮䲢δײϣԶǰʮİϡΪȷܹ˳ϰϵӡףϵ֮ҲйЭжٻܣжЭֻиϵĺģ֪
Ҷ˿̸߾Ŵ󿼰ףȻϵ֮ЭĽ
ȻԳѾ̭֡ԭĬԳΪ׵ĻЭ飬ȻʧЧףƾʵ
λʿĿҫŹâ
ַ׳̣
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154 һսս
žʮʿĿͺ֮£̨λʮʿһ΢ֵǼΪ׳˶Ļӣʹϸе£һڷɿתţҶڵĵһСͶ̨
Ԫָ̣
Ҷָ̣
˸Ա׼
ǰʮʿڿǻϳսҶ˼죬һ߹۲죬һڷɿš
ҪԼʱζԸҶĸϵ
Ҫƣ;˻λսʤȥô򡣳ֻʣʮʿյĴ󿼰׾ʮ֮еȽһЩ

̨λϣλ𵤳̸ЦšȻŵԳҶ£ǴһЩССʹ㵣ⲢδӰǽ̸¡
Գ֮ܣ̶ܴͻȻ⵽ҶˮĽղס֪֡Ҷڶ׷ϷˮĻΪСġȫ÷ƵˮҲһ°
ϣλԪ֮ҲǼΪɫˡڿλθҶ
ڳǷ׷Ц
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϶ĵﻹһЩĵġ
žϣʲôⶼܷ˵ǿһ㣬Ϳ϶ܻʤ̼ʧֻҪһܾͰ
ԳûҶùˮܵЩԩ
ԳҶˮƳˣڵʿҶ϶ϼˮǵȻɵĳȥӲˮף϶ҪıսӦҶķʿʤࡣ

Ԫһеһ鵶ϳһ󵭵ƹһţʯһ̧Ӵȡһʵأнǧһ˸ߵĸ߽
䡱һ
ԪܵǰעܣܶʱһƹӲӵķâмǿķע֮γϵܵķΪɫ
Ԫܺ棬΢΢̽ͷҶûԳٶȣ׷ǿ϶׷ġó׷Ըңʲôס׶֮ģҷ㵽סˣƴһƴ˭ķۺ񣡿˭ĵĹ˭б£ҵܸˣ
ҶڶೡĶԲߡ
˵꣬Ԫȫĺ棬ȻصĲСͶ̨ƽٶȺһصܣٶȿҶʮ֮һ
ҶһԪóȫϵת󳷣Щ鷳
ϵʿս
Լôʵ˹սҲûˡ
Ҷһˣһּ̧׷ԪѸٹȥȻ֪ЩûʲôЧҲҪһԪķжǿ
ԪܹǸ飬˲Ԫ
꣡
Ҷһף
ϣǸðһ̣ɢ
Ҷһ±㿴ˣ⸱ӦǴϵʯƣȻûһĽϵϣǽϵ׻ЧԶںԪвҲûá
䣡
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Ԫܵסеˮˮմ
Ԫʮֽ̧һ򣬳ˮеĵȥڵĻ̽ɣⱻҶá
ҶüͷԪл鷳


ҶһһĿϾӵĳԪȥ
ˮҲ˹ȥ
ˮȷ޴ܺԪըĵ֮ûرЧ
Ҷеĳ׷ʵסˡ
ˮϵԶĻǻᱻסĻһ֣Ҫս
Ҷһ߷ˣзɿѰ˼š
ԸⳢԽսŴ󿼵ǰʮʿսΪΣաŵĺĵӣ߽ս֮ǰԳķ״򴩣̫ˡ
ֻ̨ɴС
Ԫܿƽױռ˵һŶ̨롣
ҶΪ˸Ԫ㹻Զİȫ룬ˣ˵˶̨ıԵ
ĳ׷ˮǺųܹԸʿôûˣҪĵܲܽҵܸҲ֣㿳ʮ£Σ
ԪЩĴѽҵˣҲûѧʲôս㿳Ҳ
ҶĳԪһۡ
ӵĳʹȥԪ϶ѧǿϵ߽սһս
öܺԪ޿κΡֻҪԪٶ׷Ҳûޡ
ھΧսʮʿڿⳡսסˣЩȡ
ʦֵܷսȻҶʦֵķȫˡʦڹǵĴ򷨣̫Ƥˣ
Ҷʦκβ֪һôȥ
ڶӣʼҶżڴ󲿷˵һֱĬĬ֮Գ硢ԪųϵĺһߣâҫĿ
ҶҲ࣬ⳡŴ֮ǰûжʿҶšʿСҶǲǾһƳ֮ҲûмҶĲˡ
Ҷĺʿ׵öڶӵͬ
ⳡŴ󿼵ĻλսУǸԸ֧Ҷȡס

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ҾվʮУ㹥б͹ҵܸԪ˵㻰ڣ
Īǣ㵨ӶûУ㻹׸ʲôϽȥɣ
ҪǲҲ̨ȥһֱţִֻٲˡϵʿٶǱ֡޸ϵҲǿɾ˵ȥˡþɡ
ɣҪҪҲˡ
ԪռһŶ̨֮󣬳֮ҶЦҪŭҶʹҶ
Ҷɫ¡
϶ǲȥˮ͵ϮҲԸðչȥԪĻᡣƴ
мɱﵷδʩչ
еɱԽԽ١֮ǰʹ⼸ϷΪ˱һó취ƽ
ڣõĻһս㽩ס
ŴҪȺλûвеһ˵ʤֻųٲáԪ˭ھ̨λϡٲãʲôýҪжԪʤܹóһ
ԪҶûжɹЦ
Ҷһ˫֣һֵĶ
Χܿľ
ԪҶֵľٶһ£ûҶķʲôطоԾͻȻоմһǿҵϢ͵̧ͷա
һŶ̨գɸߴȻһž޴ʯнٽСöʯðڵĻ棬ٴӸ߿׹䡣

ʯХţٶԽԽ죬ֱ̨


155 ʤ
ԪУö׹ĻʯԽԽ󡣴һöȭͷСѸٷŴʯðȵĻ棬ӿգ滹һɵĻβ
𡫻ʯ
Ԫ𾪡
ϵͻϵĻϷص㣬ǳǳ޴һöʯ׹γɵĳ֮ޡ
׹ٶȻܿ졣
ΨһǣʩʱҪһʱ䣬ҪϵʱͷųˣҲҪʱ䡣
еĳ׷֮У˳ʩʱ䡣
ʿҽս˲Ϣ֮£Ǹû취ͷķڴ£ʿϷ
Ԫ֪ԼһزҶ㹻ͷŻʯʱ䡣
ڻʯѾγɣڼ׹䣬ֻһʱܹʯľ޴󹥻ԽǿĹǷ׻
Ԫæܳ෽ܼ֮׹ֱµĻʯ
Ҷô׶㿪ʶȫٿأʯ׹ͬʱϵĵŹ򣬶׼Ԫͷ
Ԫ񱼣̧ͷ˿һۼ׹Ļʯ
ʯԽԽ죬ȫĿٶȡ
̫ˣ㲻϶ᱻʯС
Ԫˡ
һУûֵܵסöʯֱӴ⽴
ΧսʿһƬ
ڹ̨λϵλ𵤳ϣɫ΢΢һ䡣Ҫǿǵ̨з󷨣ǿҪָ档
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Ԫۼ޷㿪һ𣬰ڵأ˫۾صܣͷϷ֮Уܻƹš
ʯһâ׹ڶ̨ϡ
䣡
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ʯ׹ԪϡϷһ졢ɫâ˹ܹâʯһײ֮ѣʯͳҵĻĽΧʮɷΧ
Ӳĸ߽޴ĻʯײһӣꡱѳһѺۡ
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ȥܽҶ
Ҷ̳˫ָһˮ򣬳Ԫ˹ȥ
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ҶԱ׶ˮ෨ٹȥ
ʿӰڶ̨Ͽƶ÷λ
Ҷǰ治ķŷ
ԪںЩƴ׷ɱô׷ɴСĶ̨ϣҲ׷ҶٶȡԼ˵ٶԶԳ硣
Գ׷ϲҹҶ
ֵֶǷأȻ󿿷طܶ֡
ĹսѾҶĻʯǿдơǿķֶѾƵڵ׷ɱ
Ҷ಻ķԽԽоƣӦһӦʮٸأҶһʩһߺƣӲòꡣ
ҶֻС򣬳ҲܰԪܲˡ
ԪһʮֱĸомǿĽսʵɾǳ岻ȥӲһֱȥᱻſ¡
֮߰ʮɾ룬·޷ԽǵһǸ˿
̨ڶʿڶˣҶԪڶ̨ϵľתѾҶ˹࣬Ԫ
۸ϵʿ׷ǰɣ
ԪͣΪջ׳һ޴

һͷ״޴ڣ˳
žֹ̨ʹޡֻŵĶӶޣһֹһͷҶ޷ųĻʿսʿ޶ս޵ľ档
ʿ֮䶷ࡣֺαܳ
Ŵ󿼣̨õĽ١
ٶס
ԪˣŰһͷ޸˳ףһ³̨շ߰ʮԶҶ׷ȥ
ף
ҶȵԪײսޣֻٶȱȷϵʿĻ졣
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ҶԪ⣬ֱ̧ĵףշʮɵͷ׺˹ȥ
꣡
ĵһ˲佫׸˽ڣһԣһͷ
ͷףѾ
߾ؿ
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â˺ƿγһ㼱ѹˡ
ԪŭĿԲһ͵ϵ߽׵׺ȥ
ҶĹΧ֮ڡ
ն
Ҷʱ޿ɱܣĿȻ
ʱ÷ѾˮȻԪԪһҲܵˣֱ˳̨ȥ
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鵶ȻӳһΪҫĿĽâգϷԲն
Ҷ󿼵ǰʮִսⲻζηսɷ֮ǰһֱԾն似Ȼ似ŵս˺ܶ࣬Ҳܽá

һĽ
Ԫһڰһ֮
ҶѪӿһ۵һѪˡڵһжȥ񱩵˫ָо΢΢飬ɫ΢ףһŵ棬վ
ҶһеĽ鵶ĵ߽ϳһ糤ȱڣкȻǸ߽׽鵶ΪӲ
ԪأͫѪ˿Ⱥ죬˫ڵȻһ壬һֳ鵶һֳСܣҶ˹ȥХ𵴲
ţ
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Ԫÿ̤һӿһƹ⣬Χʮɵĵһɾҵ𶯣̨ʯ嶼׷ѡ
𶯵ͬʱһǿҵĻѣ
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ǸЧѣ
Ԫͬһͷŭıܣʼ󲽣ͷ𵴲ٳҶ档ٶȲ죬ǹ޿赲ƣһͷױܻ񱩡
Ҷ⵽𲨵ĹʱԺһǿҵĻѣ𺳣վվȡ
군ˣ
Ԫһϵؿ󲽳ҶϮȥͷϲѲ˼ҶҪս¡
Ҷһҧ⣬һǿҵĴʹһɲǡ
𵴲
Ҷһɲǣ͵һ̤
ϵ𲨡Ҳᡣ
꣬Ųǰ״ġڿ޸սûûҹרаϵ׷ȻϷֻɹѧǰϵ֮Уÿ±׷ĳ׷ʮ֮ࡣ
һ𲨣ԪϮȥ
ԪʱоһǿҵĻѣϮɥʧƣáԪһҧ촽Ҫʹӻѣ֮оѹ
ˮ򣡡
ˮ򣡡
Ҷ˫һģƳ֮ԪϮ˹ȥ
Ԫȫֵ˽ľ룬ڻûֵܵסܼ׻ˮ򣬱Ӷķըɳ֮⡣


156 ɱ
Ŵ󿼵ʮλԪʦ֣սʧܣ
Ҷʦֻʤ
Ҷʦսʤ˵һԳ硢սʤ˵ʮԪѾսʤ˶ǰʮλʿ
Χ̨һʮӣ쳣Ŷ̨վŵǵӰ̸ţ̾ܵĺš
ҶаǰʮʿѾ㹻֤ʵ
ŵӣʱѾҶΪھŲӣλдǰʮ֮
ž̨ϣаǰһλĸĶʿĬһ㡣
˭֪Ҫס׵һλ̫ˡ
Ļλս֮УҶսˣҲ˿Ӱŵ֮еļλǰʮӹɵġ
ÿһսҶ˵ǸӲпѪսԶ׼ġ

ȻǶǳ׷õ죬һ๦
λ𵤳Ͽ˶̨ҶԪĻλսϴЦ⣬ĵĿ˼䡣
ǶҶڶ̨ϵı֣˵ΪǵУҶЩðռ֮⣬ûֵ⡣
ȻÿһλսϵǵúŴеλвСϵǰʮλѾȷĻλսֻʮһʤܶǿԽܵġ
ֻԳ̫ù䵽ʮλȥˡҪȥƺ飬λϵĹϵ
ϣһսܵĿɲԩСӾȻʯպðܸˡЩϳϴЦ
ʤѰ֮£ӣϳԿ࣬һܣҲý֪ˡδǺ¡λõʵˡ
ϸɿһЩεЦ
ĵܸһͨӣ϶Щ̹Ҳסһ뵽ŵԳ磬ҲҶУƽһЩ
ɣļܰ˼Сӻ
λ𵤳ǺǺЦţһλս
ϣӣǾĺáһǼǿʿŴ󿼵İ֮λҪȷء

Ŵ󿼣һս
ڶս
ھλݣϳսҶ
һʿ˫ָһ齣ľ齣һŶ̨ʹ˫ʿټ
̨֮󣬲δ̿ս촽ᶯҶʶҶսʤʮԪֳƲԡԸӦǾȫ˰ɣ
ҶĬݡ
ŴǰʮĶʿ಻Ԫֻǰʮ֮еһˣʵǰʮʿࡣսʤһԪѾ˼Ѻͳ˲СˣҪһһʣµİʿ̫̫ˡֺα˼أ
ݻһ˫ĿⶢҶᶯ촽ɱһһҿƽ⣬Ҳϵļ١ʣµս˵Ծһпеİ취㡣ԵľڵӣַսÿһսղޱȡʤԽԽСˡһսȥһ㹻ĲΣ
ʶҶ֮⣬Ҳ֪ڸʲô
ҶɳĬԶԣȻʲôס
üͷһֻٷЩȡʤźҶסɲζ϶Ҷɫ˼
ȻˣǾսɣ
϶һɫĻǷ֣һսһз齣ľ齣ӳһҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ̧һףݡ
һ˫м׵ĺľƳɵľ齣ԼϵʯʲƳɵķ齣ֻҪû֮Ĳϣֵܵס
ӰѸڶ̨ƶ֡
һսЩ־á
ݷľ˫ϵʿٶȼ죬еȣΪ⡣ĳһϵϲͻҲûԵ㣬Ԫһǿٶȱ
㼤ս˽ʱ
ϵ׻ըµ˺ۣļΪѺƣ
ľն
̨ϣʱı
ÿһαȣз齣ľ齣ʱһ󼤵âγʮֽնʮ֮⣬Ҷ׺նȥ
һнҪȷǿ
µǣһУܹʮԶ
ҶΪͷ۵ľݵһн齣Ļֵ̌׻
˵ڸʵΪ⡣
ôҶǽľ⣬ϷһһƣʱԺսݵķķƣڽݸ⵹
ݣҶҲ˴ۡ
Ҷ߰˵ľնȻн֡¡ʯѪ⣬ڸԪսʱϱˡ
ҲڲϵļƣϺõ鵤ϺõֹѪҩʱҲָˡ

ս
λڰˣ־裬ϳսҶ
žʮĿע֮£λڰ˵־һŶ̨
־ҶĿ⣬ļɵ
Ҷۺʵ̫ǿˡ
ӵԳ綷ӵмǿԪʵݻǶֱ޷ܵʿһ
ϳһ
־迴ˣҶڲϵļء
ԪСؿҶˣֻ˲׿ݵġľնǽҶıˡ
Ҷˣڶ֮в϶񻯣֧Ų˶ˡԽأгʧĻԽ
־ǻжϣԲ㹻ģҶλս
־˫һһ߷ĵĻ鵶
ն
һȣ鵶֮УһɵߣɳߴܳðڵĻ棬ʮ֮Ҷͳ˹
־һȻսǴս֮лһϵܹʮɵĿꡣߵ㹻ֻҪһܻУȡþԵʤ
ߣ
Ҷ㵣̳ˣͬʱͷŸϵ˹ȥ
ߣʿͷŵһн׻ϵߵȻֹǿʮһߣ԰һʿճɽ̿
ʿͷųķ
ҶĿǵߣֱܿ־û鵶ͷųնʵҪҪСһЩܹͷųߣֻ¸ǱصĻ鵶йϵȻڵϿ߷ģ治֪ķѶĴۣƳɡ
߳˹֮һ̵Ҷߵʲô׶ˮףһ̵
ֱҶųڰ˸ˮ򣬳ߺ˹ȥŽǵ߸ըٵ
Ҷ㵡
ڣҶ־輸޿κΡ
־貢ȡʤջ鵶ȴһһͷնƣҶ򶷷̨ıԵܽҶƳ̨Ҳʤ
ͷߣļ
־ͷߵͬʱҲڹƻָ
Ҷ÷ѱƽߺˣ򶷷̨ǡ
ٲ¾Ҫȥˡ
ҶĿ־ǰĵ档
˵ķ򣬵Ȼм㣬ǰ棬µһɱﵡ


157 ˲䷭̣
սܲʤڴһ٣
ҶСԺ־蹥ߣѾ˵̨ıԵĬ־Ų
־˫ֽջ鵶һһзŹơ
ߵߣŽҶƵ̨ıԵ
һ̫ĵķҲΪˡΪھŲʿȫķҲֻͷųʮߣᷨݽߡ
һս˼ƣڻָܹһʱڻָȫ
һʱ俴ȥ̡ܶ
ڶ̨ϣ˲ϢһԵúܳ
ĵٶȣԱȷָٶȸ졣ڷ½ңڲϵļ١Ϊˣò߹࣬Լӵиʱָ
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˵ҶʦֻٴһλһЩǰ壡˵⻰ӣԼЩš
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ҶŴһսСһս䶯ʮϰٱڽ𵤳ĿֱӳΪŵ״ӡһҶɹ״ӵݣλͶ١
´ʱǿɬܺڣûȰסнܣⳡԹⳡԹ޷⡣ϵһ֮УֶһǱ޴ǿС
һȴ󿼣ʽǰһλʿ׼һ£ǰȡ󿼵Ľͣ
ʩޱ󿼽
һԲϯʩϣλ뿪žǰ󿼽ҪһǷŽƷһǰʦ
žֵʿȺŸղŵս£ʼɢȥⳡ󿼣Ǵľ޴𺳺ͳἤδ޿һŴ󿼣һˡ
ӣϴһλ񵥵ʿء
ž̨ϣһλ໥ϲ̸ţĿǲԾƳλа׵õҶⳡַսǵ𺳣޷ɢȥ
Ҷڶ̨ϥ¼鵤Ϣˣ˿ڣͿҩ࣬򵥵ʰһ£΢ЪϢָ
ϲҶʦ֣ðף
һʿ˹Ц
ҶһFЦʦܣҲ˵ھʮ
ʦⳡĶǵַսֵһᡣԭȻΪھŲ㣬ʵӦúܽӽȴû뵽
FҡͷЦ
һʼǰʮλʧһΣڵھʮվһλãʮѵƾǿˮˮиˮ׼ĽҲ޷ռݴλ
ҲһλãԵõһö
žϣܶӶزһˣҪơЩƶ֮˵ߣʱ׷ǿ̫࣬ǿңƵ鵤ҩ˸첲ܽȥƶܲȥֻҪǵһܾȻ
صĪҶѪͷʮء
ҶԼƵ鵤ϵƴѾʼתΪ֮£ѪΪֻҪٴ˿ڣҲ񻯡ȫָҪһ²С
ֻðʱҶָ㹻Ѿܹ硣
ϣһλʿĬĬĵţֱҶָһȺǰһʿȥ
ҶŴ󿼰ףǰ档
࣬ʩϡʷܱһȺոڴеλ򣬸Ƚ׷˭˭йءҶǰףӱһֱš
һ·ȥ;ʿڵ·һֱǰֱʿء
ƵӣĽĿһȺʿǰ
һӵΡ壬ׯµĴ͵Ĺ
ɸߵľʯ֧һΰĹ
ŵźλϴĴƽʱҲֻж洫ӣ˵ûлΪǽŴǰһҲûʸ
Ҷһʿǰ棬ɭϵĴڵźλ𵤳Ͽȥ
Ųڵһλӡ
ִϣʩϯ
ϣʷҲϯ
ϣسϵȵʮλʵȨ𵤳ϣλڴҡ
һƬྲ
ӣλ𵤳ǹʩϡ
ڿڣԵͳڴڻص
Ŵ󿼣׽Ÿ߽սһᣬһĽԪʮƿݱΪʦ
ǰʮŸ߽սһᣬһһλʵȨ𵤳Ϊʦ
ʮ֮ĵӣнͻ֮󣬲ܰһλ𵤳ΪʦʵȨϣֻͨ𵤳ϡ
Żʾһ¡
һԵȴʱʮװŮӣ̣űδ󿼽Ʒηַ
Ҷһƿ򿪿һ£Բ鵤ӦñˡĸСƿһսһҶûж࿴Ƿɿ봢ڡ
λӣõһ鼤ɫͨ졣
ŴƴᣬΪֻҪʯа취ġûʯ򵽵ġ
ʿޱȵĽҶһۣеζżߵɹʡ
Ҷ֮󣬻Ļ֧ʣµǰ׵һ޴ô
ζʲô
ζڶʿͽ׵ӣõϡе
δ󿼣ʿǻвʣ
ȻˣǰʮλǰʮҲ˻жֻԻСܶࡣ
ַƷ֮󣬴ǰʮӣʽʦ
ҶӹŮ˹裬ݼţҶݼʦ𣡡
Žӹ裬鹧Ҷһۣ̲ĺһţ裬Ȳ裬Ҷʽ״ˡһŴ󿼰ӣӦúáǣλͽܰԳŷȥˣʮˡɫÿȥ
Ľڣպʦͽºദ
иӡ
󣬴ǰʮλӣ԰𵤳Ϊʦһнչ˳ǷǶΪ𵤳ϵ״ӡ
ʮӣֻ۰Ͱ͵Ľˡ
ͻȻ⴫һ

ȻһͷӴĽĿ磬ë𣬹˫ʮɳ֮У޴վڵǰľ޳ᡣһ쫷磬ڵڵǶʱ񱻿紵һɳʮɿ⡣
Ĵ񣡡
ô鵺ˣ
źλ𵤳ϲɾȻվæӭ
ͷ鵺ԪӤ棬ʵ±й֮޲ǲһ޿ʦ
ǣĳݣ棬չ鵺ϣӲΪλͻȻ


161 鵺
ԭǰʿҲ쫷ģǱվһھʧǷ˵ȥĽ񣬲˿
ʮλʿæǰӭӡ
֣֪ǰν£
΢΢һ֣ѯʵ
Ȼ˵˻˽Ϊ뻯ֻһѾߣͨ⡣
ſ³һɫֽ
ŽӹŷֽĿɿɨ
ֽдһ֣ٽŴ󿼰ǰ鸮
λʿҲ̽ͷ˹ȥ˵ʲôǲŸոտ꣬ŻɫֽȼһŻ磬Ϊɢһϸû¡
λʿһۣ¶֮ɫš
ý󿼰ȥ鸮
ŵļλҪôչޣҪôԶΣһʮ겻ճ񡣳Ҫ֮£ټЩʿ٣Ҫ˵ˡ֮УֻмΪɫ֮Ҽ档
⻹ֻټͨټ鸮
鸮ĵĽأдĻܣڵһ𵤵Ӷֹ̤㡣ŵĽʿ֮УֻšִϡϵˣȥǺܿ뿪
̤鸮ζԵӵľΡ
ټһλȥ鸮Ǵδй顣
ΪʲôŴ󿼲Ÿոս鸮ټ󿼵İףҲôǺ÷ֽ١
ɻ
ǣԹˡ
Ľ񣬱ָӲġԹˣ϶ָʾκָʾ϶ҪĿġ
ǲκɡ
Ҫټ󿼵İסҶģ컯ȥɣ

˵⻰΢̾ǿϧĴ󿼰ײԳ硣ҪȻ컯ǳˡܹõټžһĻаԱ٣ٹ֡˭ҲƤŪСֶΡ
ϳֵġ״ԳʩȻʮӵҲŪЩá
ֻʮλһʿ˷ֽдʲôʿδֽݡ
ֱ˵˳鸮ټףڶǲô¡
Ҷԭͷǿʵû뵽ĵԼйء˵ټ󿼰ףųһǺܿعͷǣһͷˮ֪ΪҪټ󿼰ס
ԳŵǾ仰ɫɲǼʧѪ԰ףֻؿܵһһѣҡһ²˵ټ󿼰סδָ˵ټҶֻҪǽ󿼰ףл档ܺúñһõʶͨ𵤴һ·ƽ̹ԭҵԵǣҶˣ
Ƕ˰ףûԳܵĴҲûһɲأʹԳֵĳ̶ȡ
ټʲô
˵Գʹൽ֡
ôʩϣϸֳʧ
Ŵ󿼵ڶŴ󿼰֮λֻһС֮ңôһС֮ңǴֿɼһʧܣɥʧһõټĻᡣ
֪ˣʮƴ˰ҲҪҶϰȥ
ͬûޱȣʷܱѡȨĴǰʮλӡ
ǵɫѿ˼㣬պͺڣʱΪʲôҪŵ˽·ԸѡȨʧĻᡣǲҺŶŸɡƴһѳϰףõټΥŵ־Ҳȫֵá
ʮӣûôֻ࣬ޱĽҶ˭õټֲǣȻûԳ硢ʩϵ˳ʹࡣ
λ𵤳кγˡ
˵ļʡĽĸĿע֮¡
ҶСϽıϡ
һͷŽ׽ıϣз顣
Ҫȥ棬
ҶıϣƺҲЩڣ͡һХΪһ⣬˫һչҡֱǧգ鸮ȥ
ɽǧɽߵһ塣
֮ϣһ鵺
鸮鵺ϡ
ǧ֮ϣɷʼǿңԽѪ֮˺ѡҶھŲΪоüΪѡƺΧѸγһɫɷ档
ҶڳŽ񣬷߷֮ϣһС鸡
Զ鵺Уһţ޷ֱ档
ҶŽ񴩹鵺Χһ㱡֮󣬸ʱ
鵺һǰ
Ҷӽ𾪵
СĸΧϲųǧâ˸ķɽɱϢ
һǹӦñĸۡ
ڹΧ鲼ɽˮٲȪһƬ貣Ũޱȡ洦ڶ಻֪黨ݣƷ׶ǼߡҶڣδ黨ݡ
ڣСͳӡһ峺ȪأһǺѪء
ҶֻվڽǹǰڳͻȻӿ峺ѪȪһӿ
Ҷһ֪ʲôæˣҪܿȪ
ǽһڵסĸ첲ĿƺھҪ鵺Ҷ
Ҷֱ۳ʹٶ
ŷſֻҪҶҲڵСʿ
Ȫ̲սȥѪȪڱѵѪֲϡǹ峺Ȫ̲ŷһһϡ
Ҷ㵵ķ֣Ծ˵ٶȸԭѪüΪʢ
ԭƣԼ鵤ƺ͵Ҫһºָܻǣ峺ѪȪ£ֻҪһʱȫָ
һӦȪأǿѪأʲôأ
Ҷ𾪣ء
Ƿ
Ҷ뵽ԼԵǣɽȪ®ڣѾڵһСȪ
ֻԼǿСȪ鵺ϵر̫Сˡ
һεı
ԼǿСȪڼ鱦ֻܹ˲ָ
أָˣָѪԼǿںϲ֪ٱ
нһԶţҶߣȻ鵺ϵһݣŵǵƲҵⲻ
ҶҲ֪ټʲô
Ҷ룬ɴԭϥ£һˣ淢ټ
侲
鵺Լɸ죬ȥе񣡡Щͬ
ҶЩ֡
Ҷܿ췢һϸڡ
鵺ʯǵɫӦĳַϵʯ
ɸ죬ȴǻɫʯ
ȫͬԵʯ
ҶĽϵһСĴָĵɫʯ֮У׼ȥоһ¡


162 ʦͽ
Ҷɫʯ£ƺû⣬㰲鸮ȪָˡҲѰ˼ţΪټ
ȻǴ󿼰ףŴٳɫŴɵ˵Ҳһ΢С£üͷҲһ¡
Լ֣Ǹܣ˵泣չޣܻ֪ôһӡ
Ҷ˼룬ûҵһԼŵɡ
˽һʱھƼȬ鸮ڴһɣ
Ҷ΢΢һվ鸮
鸮棬һԾĽͫҶƺ춯Ҷκ쳣ٶ»̳ȥ
Ҷ鸮һ籦һ鱦ƳɵɴһϸʿӰׯµɴ֮ıϡ
ҶһݣûҶ࿴Ҷݼ棡
ţƿɺã
ɴʵ
Ѿˡ
Ҷ
ڸ˽һʱѾȫָϸ΢ľƣѾָѪָʢ۷塣
ţǾͺáȥɣƺ⡣
ҶȻ
ټֻƣ
Ҷûͣת뿪鸮
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵֪Լ˴ǰ鸮ʲôҲԼ޴ĺô
Ҷ鵺ȥ

ҶߺǵɴĺŮ汦ϣһ˫ȣһ
ղŰڳϣװĴ湻ۡ
ýҶ鸮
һ鸮и߽ѪأԼʱƺơҶڶ̨ܵˣ㰲ˡ
ȥϺҶģʱ㹻ҶϸҶһСţûκκ̨Ϊһλ洫ӱ򷢵Ϻ
ţ𵤳ϵ̸ӣһƽɢҪô˳Ҫô⵽ѹ޷Լ
ⷬţټ㹻Чû˸ҵҶȹЩʱ䣬ҶΪʿվȽŸ
֮󣬱㲻ʦֶʦˣ
ŮЦ
ֻǣɲҪٻźá
鸮һչڣһ΢΢۾ضںˣ鸮õͽ׵ӽ룡
Ƭ̣΢΢ҡͷˣְɡٹʮ֮󣬱Ҫȥսӵʱ䲻ˡ

Ҷǰ
ʱȡ˴󿼵ĽƷѾԻȥ𵤳Ҳûȥȥ
ڣֻţԼһʿڡ
˺ˣ
ŴӵڳҶɫȫû֮ǰʱĲ԰ףɾȡڵҪһ²ȬҶȥһ鸮ֻһʱˡ
ʦ𣡵ӵѾˡ
Ҷ̼
ضˣʦ֣һΪʦסȥ
¶Ц⣬࣬뿪ǰĺɽȥ
Ҷʦܣһȥɣ
һòغʿҶͷЦЦҶ磬һź档
ʦ֣
Ҷ֪ʿŵ״
Щȹԡ
ҶҲǶ໰ˡ
Ҷʦδ󿼷ǳɫڰʤǰʮʿʵʦҲ硣
Цſ޵
ʦҲǴ󿼰ףպʦܻҪʦ̡
ҶԹǫЦ
̸̣ʦֵ֮д衣
ȻҶѾʦûн飬˸ź棬һûһ̸
һ·ĺɽ
ĺɽŵľסĵط
һռľ޴ͥԺڰɽű£ڶɽˮơ˵٣
ͥԺΧгƬƬҩԡŴĸҩġ
żܼͽ׵ͥԺɻ
סʦ׾죬¿ܻʦʦ֡ӨʦáʿҲֻʦ״ǰݼʦ𡣡
Ц
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
šҶʦͽ˽ͥԺڣһڡ
мŮǰ衣
һһò긾Ǹ˳ģһӣһΪŮ
òĸЦλҶ
ʦʦ֣ʦ㡣
ųҶЦ
Ҷʦʦ֣Өʦ㣡
ҶǸ˳бڲ룬æվʩ
ʦ
ҲǸһ
ţɣ
ϹŵЦǴҶһٻ¶ЩӡŵľӢӱҶһδԵЩ
Ҷ˵ɫʹû¶κɫ
ŮܺĴҶЦŵѽĴ󿼰ףҲûͷ۰ôʤôೡѳ硢ʩĢ́ͷͷдд裡
ӨҶʦܻûأһʿʲô
Ц
ٱ¡
Ůͷ
ŵ˽ͥԺûºͳƣûôѹʱȴࡣ
Ҷȥ鸮ݼ棬һпɺãΪʦкЩûˣǹ
Цʵ
Ǹ˳һҶȥ鸮ֻ֪һӣǲ֪顣ôܡ
Աߵ巣Ө˶¶֮ɫ
Ӽһ档һɴֻǿСһаá
Ҷһ£˵
鸮һʱֻӰֻһƣʲôû˵һͷˮҪ˵Žʲô
Ȼˣ˵ʲôҲŽ͡
Ŷ˱á
ųһ¡
֪鸮ڣһɴҶȷʵǰݼ棬йн̸
кɻ档
鸮ټҶһʱôʱ䣬澿Ҷ˵ʲô
ֱѯҶ̸ݡ
ȻҶԸ˵Ҳٶʡ
ΪʦҪ̸һ̸Ĵӵһɽ壬һдһǧλ洫һ¡Żɼ۹ȥΪЧҪǰȫͻڱǣ֮еġǵɹİ൱ǰ㡣
⣬мŴ֮䡷ݴ½ͼ¼Ǳ洫ӱض֮ȥ֮Ͼʱúöһ
ó伮˵
ǣ
Ҷӹ伮
룬Цˣ֮󣬻жΪʦü߽׷㻻Σ


163 ʦͽѺ

Ҷ΢΢һ㵣һ˲׹
ŵĴǹ£̸ֻ赽
˽ס˽Ҫ̸Ļ
⡭
ҶЩΪѡ
ҪԣÿһλڵӶʮֵס
ɽɢǣΪζԾŴ̶ܴ֮ͣΪɢǵƾ֮Լ޷ƳΪʿΪȱΪ޷ͻƣ߲ľ硣
ȻҲмʶʿһ֮ͻƿͻƣǼֻԸЧʿûκν塣
ʿǲܰϣ翵ϡ
ֻΣ͸ֻҪȥһͻƿʿЧ
ȻѶȼԵǵĴɼҵҲƲ
ֻоŴŵӴʵӵдʿ˲ţ˲ԴԴϵƳʵʿǳ
ݾȥԾŴš
壬ʯ
ҶԼ֪Ҫõö
жģҲôÿһҪϸ㣬Եõ޶ȵá
ʦҶҲΪһ仰ʹӦ
ǣѾԿʣȫܾĻҲá
Ҷѡ
żҶԥ΢΢һЦӻóһСУ򿪵һƷʵ˪佣߽׷ɽǳķ㿴
СڣһűϢСɽ档
Ҷ֪߽׷ɽ飬˪佣˵Ҳʯһ£Цʦ𣬵ⷬܲͻƻ˵ж͵ʦ
żҶûᶨŵģɵ̬ȣЩʧ˵ʣһ߽׷һ
긾˵ɫʱЩѿ
ҶŴһ̸֮Ҳû飬ҲЩӲ
Ҷȥǡ
аɣȥ֮һе֮˵
ź˵
Ҷʦܣ㣡
ҲźʦǣҶ뿪塣

Ҷߺ
˪佣Ҫ˺þã㶼ϸң㵹ǳˣȥˣҲˣ͸ңҪһ߽׷ң
ӨЩŵĸ첲ʹҡΡ
Ҫ˵˪佣Ҷʦܻأ˰ΪǳǰŸոóסн׷ˣûҪø߽׷
ſЦá
ø߽׷ȥҶɣţԼĵףδʧݡʦ˵Ļѵûã
ʿüͷ
ǡյĵҲ̫ˣһҲ֪ТյͽܣҲһŴ󿼵İףȥѣԼšٿλӣѻ˵ˣø߽׷ȻװƣĻɶԷ硣ҿǣ֮󣬾жҲ͹ĵӣã˸ǲһ·ˡ
긾Ȼʮֲ
ҡҡͷǰĴ󿼰ףٶͨϵ֮ģΪҵ״ӣһϵʿȻҪرҲȻҶǽһ֮ϵİסȻʦͽδͶϵǷʲôֻ÷
ųȥ󿼰ףˡڴ󿼵ʱ򣬻ʦȥֹʿս˴󿼰ףҲҪҲҪǿˣǸûҷպʦθദ
˵
ķۣȻţҲ޷ƿءЩҲÿڡȥ˵˵ɣܲȰ
ųĬ죬ΨҡͷЦ

Ҷɽϣ˲δݣɽʯ׶С
Ҷ֪ͣлҪ˵ڵڡ
ͻȻ̾ҶʦܣʵһܺõıĻᣬΪҪܾѶʦʦضãպ㵱Լ˿
֮ڣϵһʿΪף洫ǶһʿΪհеʮλʿ֮УһϵʵΪۺѾŵ״ӣǵơ
õĻװ׶ˣѵҪͶ𵤳ϣŵĵӣĽ𵤳Ͽ϶㣬պţǹ¼ҹˡ
ҶĬһ¡
ΪʦŴ󿼹ϡǣδţԼһϵڶʿɡ
֪ȰͶţΪһϵϵĵӡ
ʦ֣ͶЧţһʦķԸ
Ҷʵ
Ȼʦ£ЧͣΪʦǣʦ֮룬ǡЩӵĺЩԿֻҪɵĺãʦȻǵĹͣ˺ôһݡʦͽȡ裬Ҳûʲôã෴ǲϸʦͬͬ£Ϸ㣿ŴӲȱˣ㲻ΪʦЧȻбΪʦЧ
˵
·˵һ쾭顣
ڽŴϣǰʮ֮еʿǻѡȨ֪λΪȫѡȨΪŵķԸԸǴݵϢȨȻʱŲΪų棬Ҳ˵õ˺ô

ԭͻȻȨΪԵʣ
ҶٶĬ
ʵŶŸɣҲûκ˹ȥ
ֻǣûΪϰߡ
ʦҲС
ı´ԺһͯʱֻԼʳ굽ʮ꣬ϰһˣΪԼǰ;ƴڱ´ԺˣԵҲˡԸͶЧˣΪȥƴ
лʦ㣡ʦŴϣֹʿսҵԵϰףҿ϶Ҫ䵽ǰʮλǰʮֻӦŵġҲǷŵ飬ʦȥʦ𡣡
Ҷ룬ҪӴȡװ鵤ƿ
һ֣ûգҡͷЦҶʦܣȰ˵Ҳ޶ԡˡҲؼŰңȳɣһΪءٰ֮ѶʦһȥҲܸʦ𽻲ʦӦû⡣ʦĹϵҾȥͻͣŪ̫
ǲգǲա
ҪҶʣʧܣͻȻԵʡ
ʱôش
ѵ˵ȰˣҶʧܣ
Դ
ʦû취潻
Ҳû취Ž
ʱĶС


164 
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Ѱ˼ţټ⡣
ʦ˷ȥ˽ͥԺСֻ˵һ߽׷һ
һۡһҵĻ˳֮⣬Ӧ
ǣҪ
Ҷûô棬ΪⷬٶҪֻǼ
ţһʲôòǰʮλǰʮλ϶ࡣҪԼҪ׶ˡ;Եõ취ǡ
ڱ˵ŪǶ˵ѡ
ű˵£ȴĲ
ô϶⡣
ⷬŶıԴͶʯ·ףһԼ״ԸԸ˳ӰţһдС¶ʦˡ
ʦ˽ͥԺⷬټҪ޷Լ˳ӡҪҵ̬ȡˣһͶЧŵ˽Чҡ
Ҷ˼飬ʼֻóۣЦ
ӦԴ˽ʾŵ˼Ը˳ӡ
˳ˣҲζͶšͶϵĵһ
󣬳ΪϵһöӣʲôɲԼˡ
ͶϵȻõĺôõϵֲ֧֡ͬĺ
ҶɲҪЩô
ŴϵЩϵһɵӣΪ˷ӷнܵİţ񷢶ַԼɷнָܵ
ҶûôȱۣԼúɣֵߵȥ˵ӡţҲԸȥΪµһöӡ
ɵռŵԴܵŵĶݣԵΪЧŰšǣһϵˡ
ߣ֮źŵ棬һ¡
ҶղѾ̬ȣ˵ˡ
Ըֻǻڴʱ顣
ζŵİţ˳ŵ־ζͶЧϵΪŵӡ
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պθദĲϣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷڻؾŵʱѾ׼ˣպ˵
ҶԼĵͽףɽ
СƬ֮ɵڣһ塣
ԼסӦþˡ
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ʦ̸£˵ͷһס
ŵһǧٶλ洫ӣʸõһɽ壬ΪԼľס֮ء
ӣûôõһġ
ڽ𵤳һֿǣǰһ塣
ҶףȫһȦϣʮ֮࣬鲼Ҷϲ
Ҷɵɽһ۱һѾõĴͥԺ
Ҷ漴Ԧףȥ
ͥԺڣһվţʮᣬԼʮ߰Ůʿֲվš
£ʲô
Ҷӣ¶Щ죬
Ҷʦֶ
¼ҶͥԺЦӭȥǵ˺һˡ
һʱ֮ǰн֪ܵҶټȥ鸮
ܹټպҶűǵλΪʿ˭Ҳٴʲô˼ҶǱϵ·ϵưͳԻп˵
нΪϵļ̳ˣҶǸ
ֻ³棬벹ȵĴʩȻ֪ܲЧܲһһ㡣
ʦ壬ǣ
Ҷ֪µ⣬Щʵ
ϷԸˣɽ廮㡣ұ۵˹һ¡㿴ǷҪʲôþߣɵͥԺ⣬¥Ժ֮ࡣЩ۵ķ֮£˵һ¾ˡ
Ц
ͥԺѾˣʽ¡һҲò˶ٵطͲˡлʦİš
ҶһͥԺҡͷ
Ҷʦ֣
ᣡ
ʮŮӣĴҶʮֹȵĳݡŴ󿼣ʮʿۿⳡսҶһѪսϰף֮еѾ˼ߵĳ̶ȡ
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ָһ£һԵʮŮӣЦѡͥԺ⡣ģ׵ŮӣҶԸġ֮Ҳһֱڴ̷
˵Щ
ôˣʦ廹ǻȥ
ҶЩü
Ҷʦֶؼƴǡ죬ǴִֽŲ⣬ֻǲ۵˱ǡȿǿǣһҪ£һˡݷãǷҪ
²ҶܾĻᣬЦŸǣȥ
Ҷʦ֣
Ҷʦκ飬ܷԸ
ǽȻΪ΢Ƕڿ죬ܸɻУǽøɣź򡣡
λŮǼȥһǰҶʩһޱȣ鱼ţĴҶǵҶ࣬Ҷӣûʲôѹ
Ҳʲôź򡣡ϵʮҩԣϵͽ׵ȡҩɡҪչտͥԺˡɡ
ҶЩԲǵ飬΢죬ҴתͥԺȥмܲסֻȱܿ˵
ǣҶʦ֣
λŮʿһۣҶȻĶߣɰ֡
û뵽Ҷʦô˵˵ߣԺӱùˣɲЩųϵãһСʿûʲôƢȻ˵Ǵӵܣûôź򣡡
ҪΪҶʦֺ˵иҪӶǣǰǸߣǻֲ֡ɻһʮŮЦ

Ҷһ´ͥԺͥԺռϰĶڶıµĴԺС¥ǰķʿϽġ
µķ¸ǱԺʱһãɽϽ¥Ժڶࡣ
ҶЩҪ󲻸ߡ
ѡеһ¥ΪԼľס֮ɽԺ䣬Ǹ׾졢̴Ӿס壬ֻסҶʮŮӡ
Ҷܲϰߡ
һɽ壬˼ϡ٣ԵҲʺ
Ҷĵס׼֮¡
˰£ĵ壬ﵽõ״̬Ժĵңһʯڷǿıչңţʼչأȫƿ


165 һ㣡
ҶԺһ°ʯңʯԵ׹
䣡
һ£ʮɴСʯҳ׷աǵźıڶȻʿҪչҲ¡
õıչʱܵĸš
Ҷʯϥ
ڵһ鵤ƿó򿪵ƿɢһŨŨ鵤顣浹һ鵤鵤ԲӨ͸ɢŵ⡣
Ҷö۴С鵤ɾ񣬻ë׼Ϊ֮ٿƺҪȫա
һ鵤Ϊˣ˺޲̷ȥ
鵤ԪȻŨң
ҶȣɸƹٵĳԪǴδǿҷӦ鵤ûзãѾʼӦ
ܹǿͻƿȻǲ

˵һٶζҩƶɡַΪӣ볤ַΪܳɹڣֻʦʸơʦҲҪ㹻ҩ֣ܹƳ
ֻǣ䷽ŵĻܡ˲ٵطûҵ֪Ū֡ܵõ䷽Լɸҩ˵ԼҲ
ҶЩϧ
ȡһγɹ
΢һһ̷ȥ
ҶĿ˫ֻ
һʱʱ
ڵʼڻʼһСɻԪγһӴԪںֱײһЩСľҲԪǿײϽ
ÿ忪һľҶڲһǿҵʹ
ӿԪԤĻҡ
鸮ȪѾ֮ǰֻ˰¾ĵﵽõ״̬κϸС˿ڣ¶ᵱӴԪ˺ѿ
Ԫǿҳ֮£ҶɫһףһͻȻǺ죬ȫסڵԪ蹬ڣԼԪǿ
ҶԪ蹬ڡ
ԪѾоƶСھŲ۷塣
ϵӴԪԼĹ͡ĹâҲԽԽǿңԭĽΪ΢ĹâһСһҫĿâ
ǣһεʼսס޷ĸ
ԪҪոԪ͡һն٣ɢʧ٣ʼձžƶС
ԪѾϵĳȫ衢Ĥ⣬֮С
ԭ£ڵѪתΪԪڣԪڱתԪ͹֮еѪںϣѪʢ˼㡣ԽļӲⲻϵĽʵ⣬Ԫϴ֮£ʱ˳Ԫǿдʡ
ĴҶоȫ˺ҧһ㣬ҧһ𡣵һɣȴ̩õǿ
һաաʮչȥ
һ֮䣬ҶѾչС¡
ڵһѾȫڻ󲿷תԪڻһɫɫЯһӴԪԪͼԪ忪Ԫǿ
ǣԪǿ
γԪԪ⵽Ƶ˳ȥǵɫʼΪıȥ
ƿǿӲɫǳ岻ƿ
ҶŰ
ƫƫƿţһεĴڡȥ֮֮⣬Ҳû취ʩ
ҶЩ׹һǵɫʧһöʧܸա
õڶöɫȥƿ
ҶǺ룬ǲҡھԪѾǳͣݲ¸Ԫ̷õڶöĻܲס»ľը
ЩԪɢȥܷõڶöٴȥƿ
һ£ʿʧܣԪ޷ЩԪҲղˣԪ󲿷ֶҪװ˷ѵ޿κε顣
ҶԺ֮УͻȻһͷЩԪҲղˣɴཫעɸڣɸƷ׺ˣҲ˷ѣ
ͷһҶڵӴԪž蹬ڵɸȥ
ɸ߲ܣ֮䣬ͽӴԪյһɶ
ɸ䣬ƣⱦѤĿ
ҶĿɿڴ
Ҳûйȥ࿴ɸ
ҶڵӴԪ󲿷ʧ
ֻԪ񸽽һɫڳǵεԪƿ
Ҷûе飬̷µڶö
ڷöõԪ̫⡣ڶڻٴεӴԪ
˵һԪҶĴССľѾõؿһûôʹࡣ
һεľ飬Ҷᳵ·
ŵڶһɫһɫһɫ϶ΪһøΪǿһȥԪƿ
ɫдӴԪԪһ˲䡣
䣡
ƺһεɫ
磬һɲǼԵÿ顣
һɲֱӣҶƺоһЩͬΪ͸ܹ׵ĸоΧŨϡƺΧһУԼƿ֮С
ҶھŲԪԭֻоƶСͻһεƿԪһ׳ΪһöСĹҲΪԡ
ԪԪȶ
ͻһˣ
Ҷ˫һ˵һţ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ţΪͻƣڵŵջ֮һ
ʶҲ׵̽鵽ΧɷԲ
ҪǣʿӵжԪԪζ֮ߵĸԶʿ޷һ޴ơ
Ԫǿ󣬷ĴʹøΪǿķһɽ˲ɱڵӡ
ڣΪŵһ洫ʿ
ţֻһǧٶλڵӣݡλ˴ߡ
ڵӣǿҲֻʮеһѡȻŴ󿼰ףһʱ޷ؼһʱһãվǳɲʲô
ͻڣĴ߲ͨ
Ҷмδͣ£ȥ
ʮգһԪ񣬽ھԪ˿˷ѵĳգһΪʵ
Ҷϣſڣ³һŹâ貵ɸŻ


166 ɵ̬
ɸŻҶгʱԼһСתۼ仯Ϊ߳ǰʯϡ
𣡡
Ҷϥš
ĿⶢŵԼһԶĹŻᣬԪ񷢳һʶڹŻϣʶ
ŻʶĲٿ֮£ɸŻǰ
ǳ磬ùŻĴС
Ҷɫƽϲ˷ܡ
Ԧͻˡ
ʶԦʶԦʹʿȫ¡
ǰʿʶǿʶͷȻǼΪҲ޷־á޷мҵĶֳֻнս
Ѿһʿ㹻ǿʶͳķɵĲٿطпգȥѧԦ֮
ڻȽŻᣡ
Ҷ°ȻĲٿŹŻԼǰ
һӡ
Żչ
ɸŻ룬һλðɸ졣
ϸɫҩԡظȪҩŴƷµҩ
ڵģһͷСںߺ߳ݡС֮ǶޣҶϵȣѾǺܲס
ڣһͷСҩԲժҩҶٳɳھŲ֮㲻ٱԹڿҿɸڸɻ
Żһ
ɸŻƮҶǰİУâ䣬ѤޱȣһҶոյõʱǸ֮Եóª֪϶ٱ
ɸһıɸŻڹעԪܹɸ
֪ɸﵽ֮󣬻ʲô仯
Ҷгڴ
Ѿչ˽һ£ﵽڡ
ɴڽɸҲһдô
һٹȵ֮ڱչ
ͨԪԪԴԴϵĶעɸŻڡ
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ţҶ塣
ʮŮͥԺЩ
ǸɽĸͥԺ
ҶֻסеһСԺطҪʮȻ֮࣬żȪɽˮȣҲȥ
Щ֮¿Ҷչأź򶼲Ҫÿ֮⣬ǳһסСԺڣһ졣
һֻҪԼ¡ʦ֣ҪôѾɹأҪôʧܳءҲᳬ¡
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˵Ҷʦֶǻûˣ
˵Ҷʦֻ᲻Ϊʧܣ̫أ벻ڱչڱŲ
ŮɫЩǡ
Ϲ˵ҶʦŴ󿼵ͷһʧˣҲкüλᣬܲܽʧΰɣǼĸŴ󿼵İףûɹģ£˵;ͣڻڳƿ
м䣬Ůɫ˵
ŮӣͷûҲɡ
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Ǳŷɵ˴ҶﳤôȥҶܷͻǹϵ
ʱ䣬ҲһЩӡʿǰ̽Ϣ
ʮŮҲ֪ʲôʼûκ׼ȷϢ
£κϢ
ڼ䣬Ŵÿ±ǰһΣӼŮӿе֪Ҷڱչأüͷص뿪
ҲΣҲ޹鷴ԽԽɡ
ȻҶɹʷǳǳ󡣾󲿷Ӷţ϶ܳɹǣ˭ָҴƱȵùһζʧܣ
һЩԹʼڶĵͽʿ֮ڼ޵ʿֻǰͲҶһֱ
Ļ޵ʿѾ׼ˡһҶʧܳأȥݷãҲüʶһλպĴ󿼰ףһʧǵ
ҶɹȻһᣬûԸȥǰ;Ŷ洫ӡ
һʧܣźʧܱ㵮ˣʿ۵顣ȻŲҶôȥʧ⣬ҲǼΪʹ顣

壬±չڡҶ˿֪ΪĹʱչأڶԹԽԽ֮ơ
֪ҲһЦ֮
ҶԼĴԪſ³ΪһԪϵעɸŻ֮С
ɸŻҪԪࡣ
ƿ˽һ£˶ԪŽɸŻĴԪȫע
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ҶһƲͷۡ
ȹâɢȥʱ򣬲ɾ㵡
ǸŻᣬʱѾΪһƴСɸƯǰ
ɵ
ҶֽƴСɵץ˹Щ𾪡
һǿҵֱŻᣬһķǵ̬ķء֪ĵ취
ǰڵʱѹŻսʶڣܻΪһɵ̬Ż棬һֱǹŻ̬
ڣŻΪ⣬ֱӻһɵ̬
Ż죡
Ҷʶһ
΢͵죬ڹŻ̬ɵ̬֮任
Ҷ֪ɵ̬ʲôá
ǣԵϹŽء鵺
鵺ŵĽأס沼д͵Ľ󣬷ǿǧ߽׷ɽ˭ܹȥһ˲㱻ֲĽնɱ
ҵɸ죬鵺һڵڣϴͽ󡢸ַǿ԰һƶİȫ죡
Ҷһ뵽ɴΪͿܡ
УܶεԼɵڣڸ߸ߵ񷣬ءгֹ飬ʵ֮ȫ
һ죬԰Լɵޱȵǿ
Ȼˣڡ
Ҷֻһѡ
ɲҽɵó
ڵʵ̫ˣһǿʿ֣סһصı
û㹻ʵҶǲ˷֡ƽʱֻܽԼڣ蹬ʶ֮С
󣡡
Ҷһ
ƴɵ̿ʼ󣬺ܿռʮɳĵʯҡ
ʮɴСɵһ¥ߴ󣬶Ҷ˵ѾԵúܴ
ҪΪʯҵƣɵ»Աĸ󡣲չҵط̫Сû취֪ж
ҶһԾɸ졣
һΣԪɵֱɵ֮С


167 أ
Ҷսɸڣ̸ܵڣŨ
۳ɵڵϣ֣˵翵ɼϢ
ɸŵ廹ΪŨ
Ҷ΢΢Ծһ룬ܿ׹
Ȼԭ
ΪѴʯڵĿظϣСڰʯֽɴЩɵƮɢСڵڵֲҩϵֱӱҩա
Сһֱɸڣ֮ı仯˵Ż̬Ҳãɵ̬ҲãһӰ졣
СҩҩҶڵϣɳһһԾ˹ȥ
ˣôģ
ǵһοҶλɸĸҲֱӽ뵺ڡ
Ұɸˡû
ҶϣһЦСһ̬Ԫ
ɸ𣿡
СվҶϣɻŴɸ졣
ͻȻָɵϵԾѽôˣ
Ҷȥ
ɵԭһľݡ
ɵϵľݣѾԶһ΢͵С֮⣬ɸطޱ仯
ҶһߺС˵ŻɵСȥ
ҶС⡣
С
ܼ򵥵һǰСɸ֡
ƿš
Ҷ˳˽ȥƱŵСȴ顱һ£һεϣ档
Сˤһͷڹĵϣһίޱȣƺֻиܽȥҽȥ
ҶԲ죬ЦŰɣҿ
˵꣬ûС࣬ڹۿ
Ҷһ±ʯڣСǻɫʯƳɵģɸһ
ɫʯ鸮ʯʲôͬ
Ҷ𣬴óһС鵭ɫʯͷȻ꣬СƬ֮鵭ɫʯĥķĩ
ʿȻͨҲסһ
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鵺ĵɫʯӦһַϵʯ֪ɸϵĻɫʯʲôʯ
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С˿ɸıԵȥҶչʯڡ
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СྪϲУޱȡ
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ҶɵЦҡͷС࣬ɸѾӦÿƸƷ׵Ԫɣ
ҩҩֳĽϵҩ˵ɸڵĸѾӦÿƳƷ׸߼ĸƷһڵ飬ͻڲС
Сһµ
Ҷͷͻڣ

һΣ¹ȥ
ʿ˵˵ǴͻƽĽסͻƽĽףһʵḶ́ҪԪǳ
Ҷ᲻ֻͨĽԪȡԪٶȻһЩĽԪŴʱõĽƷ
СһֱڻԪԪ񽥽ǳٳδܴͻƵĽס
ҶţҪҪһͻơ
һգͻȻСβͶ˶ಡڶβͼĳ˳ȻһԪ񣬵Ҳֳܷβ
ҶʱԾĵɴ۾ףôһβͣ
βǴԪõġͻһΪ֮󣬱ܶһβظԪβԽ࣬ʵԽǿеʱͻƾúβ仯ɫǶβԪǰǿֻҪԪβˡ
С࿴ԼβͣΪ⡣
ҶЩơСһβΪβӱ׶ˣֻԪֱӴͻƵĽס
ҶͻƾƿӦøʿкܴĲͬ޷Ϊʿһٶеޣͽ׵꣬ǧҲϡѰͻƾ磬೤һβ͡
ͻƵĽףȥȻף׳塣û鵤ƽʱʳճ϶ΪҲδһͷܱȵһͨͳʿٶȡ
ʿƽտ鵤ٶһǧȴͻƾƿס
ÿ¶ͬԱȽϡ
һ룬ҶеҲȻ

Ҷıչڱչأһΰȥһ£ΪɸаСͻĽףȥ˶¡
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ɸѾΪķͻơɸڿֳĽϵҩ߽׵ƷֻҶͷûеһʱ仹޷õ鵤
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СΪĽ顣ɸ飬ûɸڸɻɸΪʵҶء
򲻵ѣҶҲ뿪ɵȥԵսʱɸеĴС鶼Ҫһȥǳ
˻һ飿
ҶɲǼ׵顣Сˣ˺ߺ߽г֮⣬ʲôᡣС֮ߣܿ˵Ժ谭Ľ̸ͷ𵤼顣ҶڻûСǸߵޡȻȥԵУðķա
ԼչأӦÿаˡóˣ
Ҷһʱ䣬΢ȡ
һ֣ԼɸССſԼڡ
䣡
ǧ׹յʯҴţı򿪡
Ҷӽյʯڣʯ̨ף˵ıչҡ
˱չңҶͥԺĴ
ϣͥԺϢǳİ
ҶЩ֣ǵʮŮһ˵ʦҲЦӦûֲǡǣʶɨΧɣδǵ
Ҷʦ֣ˣ
˺һһŮӽͥԺҶһϮͥԺ֮УһŷҶΪѾͻ¶ϲ֮ɫӹϲҶʦͻ
šأ
ҶʵŮЩӡʮŮ֮Уһλʮꡣ
Ǽչذδǡڣкܶ˶˵γʧܡ滹кܶഫ˵֮źܻܿջءǶǰ߼ˡһǰ˺üˡڶѾȥˣֻһ˻ڡ
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ϲʿ˵ʮĶò󡣵Ƕʿ˵һʾ޴ĲƸҪǣⲻСֻҪҶһ֮£õᱻջء
ҶԸ꣬ȥأǸȥˡ


168 ǰ
Ҷ뿪Լסɵİɽף嶥ȥ
ŵĴȽΪɭϵĵط˽ʿֱɵǰ֮⡣һӲֱӷɵڰɽһĵط£Ȼǰ
⴦ɽһЩɽֻжʿȥֵأҪǽֹӣ󴳣δټ塣غУ󲿷ʱ¡
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һȵĴ󿼽֮ڷƽ˾Ҳûʲô·
˵ʱʲô˹עŴһλõӣȫ
ΪĳɹʲߣһɹСΧľϲڶǰأϲֽ֮һ󲽡
ڶĽͽȵ
ʧߣᱻʽӣ͵ޱȣһһطչޣˣ׼֮һŴ󿼣ȥǰһλ
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Ŵ󿼣Ҷʦֶռͷһٻǰʮλʦ֡˵츳Ӧһٳƿⶼˣʦ֣ҪôѾɹţҪôʧܱչȥˡҶʦȴû˿ĶҲ֪ʲô
һݵ̾ԴӰǰǳŴս֮ΪҶĳߣгһԼҲ硣ϧʲУǰһλı߶մÿΣ뿴Ҷʦɹ
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ҶʦڳˣʱҥԣҶʦһأǻ˵ʲô


⣬ʿֵء
֮ڣŸűϣʩϡʷϡܴϵȵʮλ𵤳Ծ顣
ĿǰΪֹŴһ֮УоʮѾڶǰءЩ֮жʮλӳɹΪ洫һҪڻʮ壬Щ洫ӡЩšҶһλʦʦΪδǷҪջأ
ƹѦϣλţ˵š
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ڳһûһ˵ţ˶ǳĬϱ̬
ǰҶһ壬ԭġ
գ鸮ټҶǿǵҶǰֵܴ㵱ϷֲҶһ塣
ʱǶڳ֮ûһԡ
һЩ仯ҶɹĿѾԽԽСŹ棬ǵҪջ塣ҪȻеײӻ̫ķ飬һЩ𵤳ϵĺӵܡʿҲڱԹ˾ٹȻΥŹ档
ǣ־෴Ȼ鸮ټȻҶһеɽ壬ȻΥŹ棬Ƿ־
ڳ϶оЩ֣־ΥıԹ˷鲻ð졣
šλϣҶڵ
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Ҷݼʦ𣬲μλʦ壡ǰǼᣬȡŶƣ
Ҷڣʩ


169 
׵ţҶڴЦؾͺãչذ꣬ΪʦλʦʦΪǡֶһλ洫ӣϲ°
ղ֮£۵ˡҶŵĴһаն洫ӱ׼š
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ǣʦ𣬸λʦ壬Ӹǣ
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ҶʦһĵᱡǼŴӵ֣ͻȻһһ
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ʮôŮʿ
ʿǳ˾ȡ
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һСȺɽֵصӣ̶һվֱͦĿҶȥǲŰһ


170 
ҶصϢڶ̶̰ʱ֮ڣѸٴŸء
ЩҶӣĪҶ˳۵һЩʿҶδǰõһ壬ǰõ洫ʿĴʮֲģʡۺ죬߷߲ƽźʮλ𵤳ϵһ¾Ҳ޿κΡ
ʿѾأҶٳδͻأǼĽڡڵײ֮ͨУҥҶѾʧܣֻǶŲ¶棬볤ռһ塣
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Щʿĺӣһ㽾ˣֻǺߣֵõ֮ϡЩ𵤺ᶼûж壬ƾʲôҶûܵõ壬׷ʿŶ̫
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ϵͷֹĶһЩĽʿĵϵᣬЩʿĵϵᣬͿҶܲ˳ۣɰӿ˳һļϣ׷׷µȥԡ
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á

֪Ҷ֮ڶ洫ʿ׷ǰء
õͥԺڶ࣬۵һЩǰæɻҲԽӴڶʿ
жʿӣн𵤳ϵӣдϲصģҲǰȥ磬˽˽ۻģ廨ţͷС
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Ÿ꣬󲿷ʱҪôϺҪôڱչFơκȾ֮⣬ûôύͬʿЩͻȻһѷӿֻѯлûжҪύΡ
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ܿ죬FơκһСȺԵӣǰݷáҶϤʿЩ顣
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F¶ϲ֮ɫһǺźĲδɹܴ˴Ҷûࡣֻǲ֪οڡһֱãҶĿ̫Сˡôʿ򣬽ʿʿʤôҲֲ
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Ҷʦ壬һ壬ʮһЩ廹ࡣѵЩѵãǵҲһСְ

ҪԵǵ
ҶҡҡͷŵֻǸãǲңü̳СԵǵõġǻ
FơκҶ˼Щѡ
ԵǸ󲿷ڸɼСǸۼĸڣԳϵĻô档
Ե޹ʣ˭Ҳ
ɼưܣشΣŻ᲻˭㻨ѵʯҲûĸ
Եǣ򵽸߽׷򵽸߽鵤ǼɳǴɼеĴ
սԴ
ȻҲһսԴй֮޲


171 伮
Fһۡ
졢κҶԵǵĴɼ塪Щ壬ŵɼ˵ȻֵһᣬԵʵˣԵдͼҲ
˸ǸԼȫֵӵܣΪ˳Ը⸶ۡ
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ֻǣҪ롣ҵڶŴ󿼣δؾɹʿ˵ǰװ˷Ѷ꣬ԪȻԽԽá
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ɫȻа̾Ҷʯ֮Ҫ󣬻װ쵽ɳǼĸϼֻδԸ⸶޴Ĵۣ
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꣬һֱÿһʱҩȥ̻ŵһЩ΢Եǿά
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ܳڱչءִںܳʱ޷ɳǵĳ̻ϵһ̻֮С
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ҶҲûָ̻ܱüΪǿ
кܶ޷飬Ҫ̻ͨȥ
FҪǿͬŵķϡ˲ҲûϵԵǣŻдԸ߼۹ϡޱȵ

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ڴ½ĶֻǾݴ½һвѡݴ½ı޻вйвô
ҶСʱᡶ֮䡷󣬺ҳɫЩء
֮ԷӣΪж洫ӣеʹ
һӵԪڣҲδܹһսǿݴ½ٵΣЩѹ֡治֪ٹ꣬ݴ½ݣΪݺ֮ء
Ҷ򿪵ڶᡶݴ½伮
ݴ½һ޹أɽ顣
ϹųΪ½½ģɽսɺϲСɽ类ɽ̲γɾŴ򣬳Ϊݡ
ҪǸݵԨԴ֡ЩǷ̸ϸڲ꾡
ھݴ½вǾеһСݣԶ塢塢壬ԵΪƽ֮£ڵǰߣΪӴʵҲΪۺ
һʿٻ뿪ݣݵ鲢ôġ
Ҷʿ˵֮顣
һᣬͼ¼
һ̸ֻ֮£ŴŵԨԴŴŵʵԱȣسΧ׹һš
ԵǣԼ鲼ݸصС֮ءһֻҪĵطۼȺСȺʿ۸ӡСطڶࡣиصزЩʯֻطŲЩط̾ŽΪӰĵطɢҪͻ
Լݾն֮أŵҪСġ
йɽķַֻЩַ౻ǰ˷ҵ޵
һΪϸдϸĵͼ
ҶɴȤ
һô
ЩִʦѲ񣬺ܻܿῴЩط
Ҷ˼ʱŽһῴ꣬Ĭģ伮
Ŀ⣬һ߽սǼϡ
ڱչسƿɸС࣬Ҳûʱȥսأ㹻ʱ䣬ŵս


172 

Ҷǲս
ⲻԼѡģŽֱӴ󿼰ӵġڣսҪϵʿ
Ҷ֪óս
νսǴߵ似ݻģȭšǹȵȣγ··
ӵ˷֮ƳķԼսƻ죬Ҫ;սΪս롣
ݻߵսҲԽԽǿ
սԲͬϵֻҪѧӡܿͷţսҪӡ
ŵĴϣǴ󲿷ֶʹս
Ҷδս
߽ס˼ǽ
ƪأʿ÷۳һŵ߳СͽΪٶȿ죬Զ̹СڣСΧȺ
ƪأʿһŵɳͽ
ƪأʿһŵͽ
߽׹Դڡڴ󲿷ʿ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ󲿷ʿһҲ̤ϽڵıԵ
Ҷϸ꣬ȴЩü
˵һŴ⹥͵Ľٶȿ졢޴󣬴Ӹﵽ˶ҲҪʶƣڼȥֱ֮ӹС
֮кܶʿķ٣ôὣǸѡ
Ƕ˵ὣЩԵüߡ˴ĳ׷СͷУٶȿ졢㹻⽣֮ͬЧң׷СͷУһΪ߼
ظƵĹֶΣ岻
Ҷ˺һԥ
һʱǷɴཫ⽣һߡ
ϻ֮Уȡһͽ׽ϵɽԼһ磬ŵĽɫâϻڡϻڻһġԦݺܼ򵥣СԦ棬ʲôս
ҶЩúһ֣ȡɽע뷨ȥ̻Ϊ೤䡣ԽȥС
ҶšԦϸоһ
ɽԶֲ˵ôһЩ
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Ҷɻɽͽһ𷢷ŵģǲδ˵һסԦʹɽͬʱͷųĻԳһ£
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ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôӴڣԼһƴ˳ɢŵİɫΡڵһöˮУļΪ΢С֣š䡷
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ƪֻͽûʲô
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ÿһŽҪһӦɱɽϡ
Ȼˣ˵ľϵɽ䡣
ЩƲͬв졣
ᷨĽƪиĹҪﵽӦΪܹʩչ

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⽣Žڴ󿼵ʱҲڴôࡣ
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ЩҲ塣
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ҶһĴһͽ׽ϵɽɽ
׳
ɫڰлΪһɫŽɫâγһ׷֣Ҫڷ
Ǳ𽣷ڻֵ棬ڹ

һ𽣼
䣡
նʮԶɽʯϣһӲʯ
Ҷ˷ܡ
ʿܹԦʹ֮󣬹ȻʵǡӵзɽԶһڵӣǿϺֹʮ
⻹ֻǸտʼ
ѡƪͬʱ˱ϵɽ
Գ԰ѡҲС
Ҫʱ䡣
Ҷ͡
һֹա
һһ֪ͨѾڵȡǰ׹Ѳӵǰ׼һպ̡񣬿¶һ꣬ʱ䡣
Ҷӵ֪ͨгһ
׳ɽǰŵıԵϺ
Ϻںϴ죬ǲδض֣źֻܻ취ˡ
ҶΣżźţ׼̺ͬһǰȥִѲ

鵺
ضڷؽ黨ݵ鵺ϣЩơ
ðټҶӵ飬ȻǱˡҲûʲôֻ꣬ȫǣϺҲȥá
ȣԸܷ
ֻǲ֪ҶɹûСӦúܴտԳɹɡҲҰȥ̽Ϣһ֪
⼸꾲Ӧúܿȥҳ嵽ھŲ㣬Ͳ˵͵ˡ
ض촽΢΢İ


173 طɳ
ҶϺţڳգһ⣬ȴһ̵ͬλͬʦֵܡ
쬣
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Ů֮Уһλʮ߰ŮһλʮŮӡҲ࣬Ӷĺ磬ܿŴӡ
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ҶŮȴɵĳһû뵽ʦŮӨȻҲ֧С顣
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Ҷ΢üͷо˶ƺһĪĵ⡣
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Өʦãǰȥ׹ѲӺܼ򵥣ʵûҪôһ˷ֳ飬ȥͬ׹ȡСֱӴˡ£ϱšܹһڣѲ񡣡
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УŷԸչ˺Өʦãǳ⣬Ž
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ΡƼһۣǿЦӨⲻȥִ񣬷ȥӡ
ȥһԵǣȻɳȥ۹ű嫴ٲҼǵáͼ¼¼вٵ;˳·ʿۼأһȦš;еĻҪʱ䡣
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꣬һ˱㶯뿪ţңԶԵǷȥ
˶ʿٶȺܿ졣
FκƵˣҶڰǰһзԵǣǵļ飬ҪҪʣµһ

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ҶĬٿ˵һЩá
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źסҶÿջСȥɳǵϡκϡ壬Ѿɳǡ벻Ļɿջ
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λЩԥܵʽѪ޹顣
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FκƵ˲岻ϻֻһԴš
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Ҽԥһóʮ
ʮһ꣡
κҼۡ
κʼۣһһļӣÿһ꣬ͷڵѪɳǼĸøȥ̳˵ǰ;
ҼһԿţδȥЩε˽һۣۡܿļǮ̧ܸߣǼļ̳ˣһҧҲˡǲǣҪ޳ȥģʵͶ룬Խ˵ǳĸ

ʮ꣡
ҼɫЩ
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κҼһ꣬ɫǺ졣
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κֿöڱصãֻܹϲκˣ
Ҽҡҡͷ̾һ֮ǰµҲǶʮ꣬ϼӼֻۡܵFŴȥ
κҼһڣ浣ҼϼӼۣҪܲס
һԿŵκʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Fɫ΢΢Ȼ۲ֻ֮ܵŴ󿼡
ɽ
Ҷһ˵ɫλԭȷһѾ⡣װһκҼκҵĶʮ


174 
㵽ˣлҶʦ壡֣ӣǣһˣ
κһϲĴù˸֮뿪ջļǵĴ󱼳κլԺȥǰڰ˲㣬ڱƽھŲ㡣ֻҪٱչһأŲ۷壬ܷȥƿ
һҲԸ飬Ȳϻؼȥ
ܼӣҪûӷǳƤɣ
κҼϲǣһʹ顣
ҺͽҲδõЩźĽҲûʧȥʲôеʧܵķաһҲ½ȥ
κҼҶһ뿪ɿջǰȥԵǴĶǼǣʮҶ£κҼ岻סĸ̾κ˲١
ҶЦκҼȻǲκĻΪ˽ǡ
κԵǶĴɼ壬дʵ֮⣬Ϊٵ̣ӪڶеܹǮĲ١ʮ϶κҿԳܷΧĽף
Ҷһʮǰһֱǳ̻ɳ⣬ڵõ˽
ʮζÿµжǧʯȶ롣ȻɳЩƴֵĴ̻޷ȣάһС̻´ࡣ
̻ܲ׳ͿǷӪзˡ
ҶԼȫľϣỨʱ̻ᾭӪ档̻ãΪȡõʯ
Ҷ̻Ὺһҩ̡ʮɵҩڣƣæµϵҩ
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Ҷ񣬲һЦõǵڱ´Ժĳƺ
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ҶԺڸԾ
̻֮ĺĳԱֱҶ̻
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ֻǣɳǼед̻ھӪС̻ڼз棬ʮּѡ
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̻ľӪ״֮Щ
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Ҷһ£·ɳǣһ취̻롣ǶʮκҵǸκҽһ£κҵȡҩĻԲոҪǸһĶһʯȡǵȡҩո꣬ԼҪҩ
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ЩѾκҸ¡
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𾪵ģЩ
ȻǴκġ
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᳤ôģ
ҶŵʿκͬţҲƽ޹ʴκҵõô
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Ҷɫɫļ꣬ҪԶһˣٴҩҪ̻֧ȥһ̻ûκɫֻܿǻ˾Ӫˣ
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ЩԼҩġٱҩж˻Դ򿪾棬̻ᷢչ
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ǿԶѾͻԵǵ̻ᣬ֪ŵĶ洫ӣӦû˼ɺ
Ҷ̸̻ᣬһЩ顣
˵Ѿ˶ʮ꣬ȻΪܼȥ޷ٰݾŴš
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Ҷ
ţ
ĵ˵ͷʿ֮гѶȻǺܴģҪȫ޲С

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ϵ֮⡣ù򼸲н׷սͷޣԵеֶҲһЩ
Ҷĥš
ǰѧʮųСںܹãܹеڶ֡
ʿ˵ЩСԵЩˣҪǿн׷С
ǣԽ߽ףʱԽ
׷Լһٸġ
н׷Լһǧģһų׷ʮ
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ʿնֻһϵķһϵǿķԵγѹԵơ
Ѱϵĳ׷ѧᣬ취ֻЧ˺ڣÿһʿԪޣߵϵĵ·ǻϵ
ͨԵϵΪ
ϵĽΪټҪΪӡ̫ŪԽ߽׵ĻϷԽԵõ


175 ۹
ǰϿϵԽߵʿɺԽռݵơһܹ𵽼ѵЧ
ȻҶԺܶ׷ͨ˶Ըʿ֮ⲢûáŵĽ𵤳ǣҲû˭ɫ콾һʿ
Ҷһ뵽ԼЩա
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ҲζţÿһƽӹƽӹɳֵʿһͨʿһǱʵƶࡣ
ҶԼĹƣÿһϵǱʵҲʹԼʮʮ֮䡣
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ǣƿģԪȴûôġ
׷ϵơŷĵȽܹķԽԽ٣
ֻϵĻҵĵϵǱʵƫͣɫʿûƣơ
н׷ޱ硢ϵн׷ڴϵн׷ֻʱˡС淨ϵҪȴзϵĸǿһЩ
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ڽͷϣǸϤĵط
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ǽͷųһʵıǽǽĺȷӡֱйء
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ױʼͷų΢ͷʮγСΧױ
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ҹʱӨƼΡʿɿջӨ˴ɳ̸󣬿ϲõ飬Ȼض飬˲ٶʯĵȻءˡ
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ӨǶ˿񶼱ˣаЦӦ·
֮һʿ̣뿪ԵǣΪâ۹

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Ҫǣ۹ĵ۾һ׵ĺᡣҵӣֱӽšһ۹Ĵչ̲˲ٵĹȡ
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Ӵ۹˵ֻһСս۹ĸأһ̫ƽʢľ󡣹۹Ҷ̫С̣Ҫ˵Щˡ
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177 Ұ
۵ǧʿ̳꣬Ѿʮ֮ãү˿ûСҪ˵ϰպ͹ԱǵĿʮɣʿԼĶ
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һ㣬Ϳʿǳ߽ˣֻһѹԴϢ


178 ʩС
ʦһɣҶĿ΢سǹٵĽŲһҶ̫
̱߿鿴ҶһֻۣһѹľŤͷͬǰǳĪǴʿҲǵʿǴӺͿϵ˹һ𣬿²һɿ㡣
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ƷسϹسʿǣǧʿǣƽæͣһ𾪴ˡʦߣȻһ໤ʿȥ
ʲôͷ


179 Ϳ
Ҷʦһ˽˳ǣȥ
˳׸Ȼܱűķǿףڰҵֵ߶ˡ࣬Ѿ¶˥ܼ󡣴ȺĴӸӿӵڳﴦ
Ҷǰ棬ʦ߿첽ҡ
ҶΪ֪
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ͤڣϯϵڹԱڵʿܵ׷׿ײߡ
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ݿǧʳգյѾĴݿѾʳһ·ģһسǡݿÿպϰݿⳡֳٳδܽ۶ѾԹԡ
΢飬һ˺ӣֱӴݵĺˮݵӣȻ̺ƴ󣬵һݣҲ赣ĺ顣
ݿδؿϽˮøҿ綯Աݿڿȡˮ֮ˡ
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ʦ߶ˣºӵʬ壬п˹
һººӡ󺺵ѳСʹ鵶һ𽻸Ҷ
ҶǶ˹ɣЩЦ
򿪴Ķ˳
ٿʯͽͽ鵤滹ɫơ
ݻţ
Ҷһƣ֡зɿѰ˼ţɫ
ݾھŴ֮УûаݻɡδӦĳСɣ۹ĵĻȻԳɣݻȻѾһЩ
ǺСԳƼ塢̻֮࣬Ҷɵͷ¡ݻſ϶вʿиǿʿ֧һ
ǿ຺ӻûһݻڵɽЩʲô
Ҷ
ϣ
ʦæһѽ˵Ŀ󺺸ȣʻأ˵Ϊڵɽ̣һЩʲôڿɲĿ຺ӣʿҲһͷè
С˲ǰݻŵĵӣ
຺¶⣬Ҷһ֣㷢Ծǹ̫ǿˣڡھŲ㣬һ°ܡ
ǰݻţôɵƣ
ɽ񱻰ݻŸռšǺºӣݻŵŵӣСƣֻҪһٿʯƣϰݻŵӵݣɽѰ鱦СҲǸողǰʶºӣܲżݻŵģʵݻŵӡвʿ˰ݻŵƣڵɽѰһ鱦
຺ӸоԼԩˣΪ˵õôһٿʯϰݻŵӵݡôû̵Ѫù


183 ִ
Ҷʶϸ鿴һеĶƴСİݻƣû¿Ϊƾ֤ķϢֻǺͨĺɫƣҿʽСһģһ
ڵʶֱ治ʲôͬʿ͸˵ˡ
ʿһȴɻǰȥɽǲδݻţҲƣ
຺æɽǱһЩɢ޷֣Խ硣һǰݻŵʿ֣ǿռеĽɽͨȻҪǹƲܽȥ
ҶɫĴ຺ӵɫǷѡ຺ӵλǺ´󺺣Ҳû̫ĻǺ´һгǸ
ҶԿ຺˵Ļֻһ롣
ҶĿĶſ຺ӣޱʵжºİݻŵڵɽ
С˲˶ƣҲֱ治˭ǰݻĵӣ˭ơСĲǰݻŵˣֻһͨɢޣǵƶѡ
ǰݻηֱ棬˭İݻŵӣ˭ƣ
ڲпڰֻаݻŵӲ֪ʿֻƣΪݻӵĻݻŵİ
ȥɽֳƣǷҪƾ֤ɽ
Ҷƣ粻
ƾֻ֤Ʋˣģض֮ˡܶʿǵƽɽ
຺ԽԽҶζԸɥ˵֪ȫ˵ˣλֱɱСģСһ
ټ㣬ֱɱ㣡
ǣл
຺һݣǿϲܹѾˡæת뿪׼뿪
Ҷûɱ຺ӵ˼⺺ֻ޹ؽҪˡҲܾ׷ŵһݻŵʿͨ籨ű鷳ˡ
Ҷһһֵڿ󺺵ĺԣһ½󺺴ιȥ
ʦɼϰĵӣֵţƤϣͳȥˣû޷ָԪ㹻͵Զĵطȥˡҵľ棬Ҳٻ
Ҷʦ
ʦæӦҴȥ۵ĵʿǣȥĿ຺ӣк´󺺵ʬ̧ߣѪһлָӡ
ˣ֪Ҷֽкδ㣿Ҫȥɽ
ʿʵ
ҷʦ֮ݸأԭǴϼ¡Ȼڳһϵأ϶Ҫȥ棬ʲôöǰȥ֪ܴܲ·
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ѳʹʹ̽ɽݻڻְڡûʹҲȥɽʶһ£ܲҵϺõĻϵ
Եǵ̸󣬻ҹУֻͨͨļƷǼʿԸóģԼȥҡ
ɽ϶Ҫȥġ
⡭ðɣ
ʿһ£ȥģҶǷҶһ飬Ҳþˡ
Ҷ֣ǶҲȥɽ
ߺͿʦһۣæŵ
ҲҶʿȥɽܲܵõʲôˡ֮ǰԸȥɽΪȥ΢ʵҲòʲôô
ѾʶҶʵҶһȥĻҶ˵ҲܺϼŪͽ׵ҲݿƭЩǮǿˡ
Ҷһ´Ӧ༸ݿصʿΣҲڵɽǻóʱǶ˶ȻУǿȥ̽
Ҷ˵ˣȥ֮ùˣҲԹסæӦ
ĸһȥѾݻŵơ飬ҪƲܽɽЩʯȻӺ´󺺵ĴãûҶʯ
ߺͿʦʱϲһٿʯ˵һʾ޴ĸҪԼõĻǾò

֮
۹ݿı߾һһĳɽȡ
֮£ȵĸ£ԴԴϵĴɽȵССʯ϶ðѸɢΧʮﷶΧһƬʮɽظѣǴݲ
طϢЩ϶̫С޷ͨ
ڣɢݿڡ
쬡쬣
ĵθʿӰԣٳƬɫɽȵɽͷ
ǰһʿ˫ֿտգɫһΪСĽʿжͽʿһλֳܲѵֺУһԽϵʿʱ³⡣
һУҶη硢ߡʦʿո·֮ݿı߾һƬĳɽȸ
ɽƬɽ֮У
Ҷһеȡ
ĻϢǳŨǻϵʿĺõط
˴·ָĻδҵطϾʿʶΧҲ൱ޣֻϰɶѡգҲδܷɽȡǧݿҪҵ⴦ɽȲס
ˣɽɽȵĵ¡ɽȲ緢Ļɽǵ¸׻ҼǵɽһڣԽ£
ʿط΢ϤһЩ˵
ߺͿʦֻطǲδ
ʿ·֮£ɽһʯڴϿ⴦ʯڸɽһκ֮ҼǵԭһͨĪǰݻŵ˽סˣʿЩơ
Ҷ룬˫֮һɫһţһ򵥵Ļߣȥ
˳ʯڹȥȻֱӴʯڡǰһͨɽڡ
ʲôˣ
ɫεͨڴ
ҶҲ˵ֱóһݻŵƣһ¡
Ѿƣ
ݻҶƣɫһɡƵģ඼ǰݻŵӽܹʿ
УƿԽȥɣһֻһ˽ȥǷƣ
Ƕ˲һҶеơ
ʿóһơ
סæûƣǵˣвУ
ֻҪУһһٿʯ
ʦ߶æһٿʯӰݻʿơ
ʱ򣡵ɽ˶죬򿪵ڶ㣡˵ҵö
ٺЦ

ҶˣͨɽڡһǿҵȣŨŨĻϢסһ㺹䤱
ɽ棬ҶлҪ޴һ͵ȻܶʮһЩ
ɽȥʮʿڰ˾Ųʿʿ֮УΪѾ൱ߡ
ʿɴ˴򵥵ĶסĶķֲţвʿڰ̯
һµĻϵأݻҲҶռŭȻɽȡʯһЩʵʿкôһá
Ҷа
ݾڵأСʿסǧʿס
ɽѾһƬۼأص׵ķжСйģγһСء˵Ҳʿֻǲ֪Щʿİݻŵж١
ʿȣһǰʱﻹûжʿ̶һ꣬ɽѾʿľۼأ


184 ܶһ
Ҷһˣʯףɽһʿ˿ܼľۼء
ҶĻ
һ޴ܶǧɳΧʿٳļʯҡ
һۿȥһ£ټ䣬ʿﳤþס
Ȳ˵ɽǷҵϵ鱦ĳʺӵлʿĻŨ̶ȣԵǵɽߡȻҲֻǻϸߡ
⴦С;ۼأסʿ˿ڹʿԻʿΪϵʿ޷ôֻżһˣܲҵ鱦ЩżǰʿϣӦöʮǧʿɽء
ҶΪеȡ
ܶĿһƽС㳡ʮڵͽʿ˵̯
̯һ쵽Ҳ˼
ʦԶԶĿһЩʿڰڵ̯ʮ־档
ǡʿҪǶڵɽҵԼȥұˣαȥ˵ģ
ɻ
ʿҡͷЦʿҲδԼã˵طȥתʿרڸصɽ϶ߣȥ
ߣȥȥ
Ҷ˵ţ˹ȥ
ʮ̯ʿ嵭ЩУġҶһ˹æкѯҪҪ
ҶɿĿһ£ʮ̯λһɫĶǻϵȻˣһЩͽ鵤֮࣬ڴ˵ʿõġ
ЩǴɽ
Ҷһ̯һɫ١
Щڵɽһܶҵ׻٣ƻõģЩԼɵģҪһЩĻǮԱ˵㡣
ʿæ׳ʯƻϵ߽
Ҷ룬˼Ǯʮʯѵ̯ϼֵͽ׵ĻҩһꡣȻѾͽҩò󣬵պ˵óĵطɸڷš
ʦ߿̯ϵĸɫ̸ţ鼫Ϊ˷ܡ
Ϊһ㼫ͣɽǸոţҪҲߡ׵˵ǵ൱ߵĺö
̯ϵﶼڵɽܶҵġҲҵͽҲǷһʣһˡ
ǰڵ̯ʿǵĽ̸ɴЦ̫˰ɣҪһҵڣܶһÿһ䶼飬ֵܷＸҹˣҵ̯ٸҲֻʣһЩӲĵͽ׻ϵʯʯ̫ۣͽ׵ĿʯҲֵǮûԸȥڡ
ͨ˵ɽܿͨɽĵڶӦûҵɣ
ʦæ
ǰ̯ʿҡͷڵɽĵڶ㣬ȻҵԽɽԽΣաɽرĵһܶʿʱ׵Ļϵޣʼʱ˺üʿ
ڣԽʢ϶ǿޣĽҲϡ档Ƕ˵ΪҲ̫˰ɣҪ˵ˣڣҲδظڵɽĶȥ̽ŵڶͨ򿪣϶ҪͬһȥѰҡ
ʲôﻹޣ
ޡʿʵ
ʦԣɫʱˢķףһۣ¶֮ɫޣ޿ɲʿô˵Źǡ
ڶʲôʱͨ
Ҳʮڰɣڶһͨ϶иصĴȺʿӿ̽Ѱʱɽˣ

ҶܶС㳡ĵ̯̯ѯһʿη硢ס뿪⴦ܶ㳡ܶȥ鿴
һĵصѷ죬Լ˹ٳʯܶڵһɽء
ֻһȺǧಲūſ£һѷھ»ʢǶߣԻĵֿߣһ䤱ڸ
漫ΪӲһȥֻҳСӡ
ʮݻڵĵͽʿ๤űӣڶڿūڡ
ʱԿпūͻȻʹȥزΧĿūǶԴľûκηӦܿǰȥĿū̧ߡ
Щ๤Ϳū֮⣬ﻹһȺʮŻѵʿŰݻŵıʶɽڹۿڶĽȡ
Щʿ֮УΪ׵ļȻʿ
ȺʿмһɫԲ԰׵ʿԱһʿ
һ๤ͷڱϹϾɫ԰׵ʿ˵չѡһزڣѾԴӵصѷпһܶˡֻصѷ̫Сһ߿Ҫڿһͨͬʱ˹ȥԼҪڿ
ɽϵҰݻŵĴƣץڣÿūַڣЩɻһūõֲ
ʿ˵ͷ˵
ɽӪõһΪҰݻӴ룬ڴ˵ӣҰݻʵضһءյ֮λû˷ԣ
ɫʿЦ
ɫ԰׵ʿЦҪ˵ʲôͻȻʿͣ»˹ȥ
ʿĿɨҶˣҶͺη΢ͣһ£΢üͷ
ǽżͬеĿסˣһ˵͵Ϊһ㲻ٽ˷ϡ˵ΪʿһֻɽѰͨɢʿ
Ҷɽأʿʿˣ΢΢һݻŵʿݻи߲ɽ
ߣ
Ҷݻŵʿ棬ԼʵΪơΪ׻ͨɢʿ֮УΪ̫ע⡣
ҡҡͷת첽ȥ

Ҷηһ£ɴɽһܶ죬ŵɽĵڶͨͨ
һطһʯңʱ֮á
ȻˣҶûÿסšȥ̽ɽСʲôƷֵĿʯжͨʿжٰݻŵĵӣֻҪõ϶ռסΪ̫ͣΪԲᱻݻŵʿ衣
ʿҲһʯס
ʿЩǡȥͨܶɽֻĻݿڵĺ֣ҲӵءǣİݻʿɢޣһССʿ赲ġʵϣҲûʿЩڿɽĵܶѰҵʿΪĵ顣
֮
ɽԵʿѸࡣ
ʿӸزӿ˽ЩԭʯڱʿǣҲ׷׳鿴ɽĽȣȴŵɽڶͨͨýȥ̽Ѱ߽׵


185 㿪
ʯҡ
ҶĿϥһĽԪԪڸڻ󣬻ΪһƵԪתСƬ֮Ԫܿ챻Ԫһա
缦СԪ񣬴ʱ״ٱ仯СԪڲԪŨԪǿԪĹâҲڽ
ҶоԪ񽥽ɰɽѾһڣչش꣬·־¡ԪѾﵽڵһ۷壬ҪͻƵڶˣЩܳƵڶ㣬ֻʱ⡣
Сн׷Ѿܹͷųʱ̣ŷӡֻɲʮ֮һС
ƪȫľأԷŵһ߳ĽƪԷһɳĽ
һգҶ꣬Ŵӵɽܶʯڳ
ԱʯҵĺηҲ֪ȥ
ʱɽֵܶĳҶЩȡ
ҶʯܶС㳡һ۱㿴ǧʿۼС㳡аڵ̯ģȺһģǳ֡
Ҷ֣
ҶֳˣһҪٲҪܶͨˣ
⼸ܶڣѾ˽˲
ʦţҶʯڳæ⼸ĵɽĸҶɽڸʯƷ֣ܶڸķֲ
ǵУдӸĿʯÿһƷֶĴָСҶ鿴
ҶǵЩЩʯϸֱһɰ
ŵϺԿ˽һʿ
ɽһܶĿƷּ࣬ﵽʮ֣ԻϵΪɽΪ󳡵Ļһ͵Ŀ󳡣ģҪϺʮϡ
⻹ֻǵɽĵһ㡣
ڿڵĵڶܶϣɽĹģҪ
ĴͿǲ޶ԵġǣɽϽ۹߾Ͼŵʲ
ǽɽϱţǴһǶɵĶ⹱ס
Ҷ˵Ļ㱨ѾǶ˸ʮʯΪл
ס˴ϲֻڵɽһһʣõıꡣҪ֪ͨͽʿһɻҲδʮʯ
Ҷö˼ȥռɽڰݻŵӡɢʿϢҪɵӹƵɽЩ鱨Ҫ
סȻⲻǶ˵ļΪҲҽܶڶȥðգɴܶһҶռϢˡ
ҶܶһС㳡ƽء
С㳡Ѿۼ˽ǧʿʿȻвʮ֮࣬ʿǶǵķθ죬Ȼͬһʿ
ЩʿǶڼȵĵȴڶܶͨ
Ҷڹ㳡ϣʮʶɨͨʿܿתƿ
ɽڶͨӦܹͨˣ
ֻǲ֪ڶʲôޣ˵̽ɽһʱòޣ˺üʿ
ĵر϶ػ鱦ȽԽػԽǿܶĵڶ㣬ֻ»ĽϵǿޡҲֻʿܸЩĽϵ޿⡣
ʱЩһȥһĽϵޣҲ໥иӦ
ҸĵǰݻŵʿЩ鱦ΪУ
ǿɶǽһٿʯƲŽɽǽܶڶѰ鱦ҪرǮһ˰ˣ
ҶʿȺ֮ţʿۣνڶͨѰ鱦
ʿ඼ǳɻģҪôʶҪôһɵʿֻʿǶһǰɽðѰ鱦
ҪʿݣԴ˵ѡϵıʶϿȻųʿǿأʿԼ
Ҷ㳡ʿ̸ֻǵȺ֮Ϊߵʿ˵ܶڶ֮󣬻档
Լһʱ
ͻȻȺ֮гССɧʮݻʿڶվܶһĸߴ
Ҷ̿˹ȥ
ǵΪ֮ɫ԰׵İݻԻмݻŵʿ
λǰݻ⡣ųµŬܶڵڶͨͨʱҰݻռݵɽҿԹԡҰݻҲķ˾޴ĲܶڵͨͨȡһɽʯãҲȻ
һɫ԰׵ʿ
С㳡ϣһЩʿȴǵ䳰
һһٿʯܽ˵ۼһǧʿһˣһʮʯҪ˵ѰҵˡÿūɽҪôʯãݻڽơ
۹ŵĵ̣һŷɽݻŸռˣǰݻŻкùӳԣһССİݻţŴŶŲȥҸݵһ𣡡
ݻŹƴڸϢ±Ÿ֣
ʿѰݻλҪôǴʿҪôɢʿ֮еٮٮߣݸḻݻȻʵҲҴŭ
ɫ԰׵ʿС㳡ۣɫЩѿǼ˵аʱܶڶͨҪͨλνȥ治ҪνҰݻŵĿ̽ڶܶʮϰ﷽Բд챦㹻ȥ̽ȻˣڶΣԿ϶ҲߣʵʿҪ롣ںͺʿýͬСʿǾˡ
ݻ˵ǵµʿͲͣʿ뿪С㳡ۼڿūھ򶴿ߵĵط
쿴ڶͨ챻ڿұֻʣһɺ񣬴ͨܽһ㣡Ҳ֪˭˷ܵĺһ

һЩʿͲסɴÿūÿ
ūÿһһʯٶ̫ˡ
ǷųĻ򡢱ʯϡʮľ޴һɺʯϡá
䣡
һʯڣʿǿкըһɴСĿӣʮͬʱͨ
ܶڶ㣬һǿҵĻϢγһˡ
ڶ߸վŵʮʿʱ˸Ķᣬʿɻ˸˿龪
ɽܶڶҪһ㻹ǿ
ǣ˿赲ʿǵĿϲܡ
ܶڶ㱻ˣ
ߣֵǣȥ
ʿǻȿֺɴСͨӿȥɽڶܶ
Щڹ㳡ϵʿ׷׳ⶴ߳ܿ㳡ϱûˣ׼ܶ
ҶǶԽȥģΪͽʿӷױۡ
ݻΣһȺݻŵҲŽܶ


186 
ʿȿֺĴӿūھһʯͨӿܶ㡣̶һС򣬼еʿ˵ڶ㡣
Ͼܶڵ˭֣ȳֶᵽ˭
ǵȻԸʿĺ档
Ϊ໥͵ϮƴҲʼֻҪ㹻ĺôʿǲɵɱ˵ġɽĵطûκιؿԣɱ˶ᱦϡѰԵһ
ѰһʵʿС飬ʵǿʿԸѡѰ
нĺô໥ϴܹѰҵֹʿɱ˶ᱦȱҲԣڲΪķִŭɢڧ
еĻȫԼҵøʿ֡
ѰǶѰȫ˵ѡ
Ҷʿܶ㡣ʿֻʮһ㶼ѡѰ˶෴鷳
Ļ̫Եûлʿֻܴʮ죬ȥϢգڵĻɵİˣ½Ѱ鱦
ôô󣡡
ɽܶڶ㣬Ҫȵɽܶһϼʮ
ʿӿܶܶȥ׼ܶȥѰ̧ͷһʱܶס
ܶ㣬ߴɣĿϰ﷽Բϴڶ೤ɵļʯ񣬷ŻɫâܶڴССѷ֪ͨ쵽ʲôطȥ
ܶԽζܹҵԽࡣ
ϣȫǴҽʯ͵Сɽ𣬵ϳһЩҰĻϵݣŻҡҷ֮ޱȵĻϢ
̫ΰ׳ˡ
ҶٵĴһܶ㣬𺳡
ڵĴռ䲻ʲôڵص³һƬռ䣬ǿҵĳӾ֪ǿĹ񹤣ڴɽ֮£ٳһƬĿռ䡣
ԭΪܶһѾףû뵽ܶӴţȫʸ֮Ϊءҿ϶ֻҪɽϸ鱨ϱţ϶Ǵһ
²һʱϱҲҪһ꣬ǲĴֲŻһأһꡢɡҪʮ꣬ܵõá
Ҫܶ˽࣬˳㿴ܲҵ鱦һٶá㱨ԽϸŲҪǲǰԴ˵ؽп
ౡ
УͷӴĻͷһػɫڣӶʯ֮ķɹзڶʿܶδʿֻԶţδ
𣚣ޣСģ
棬϶ҪʳӦкܶ࣡
ʿһ񣬽ǿϲ
صµޣǴһЩСĵر϶֮ġֻر϶ɽվ֮ʿǲ֪ѣ֪ʿ޷ͨ
ܶһʵټϵޡһܶ㣬Ȼͼһͷ׵Ļ娛ȽԶһҪࡣ
ߣ
ֵǣץʱȥѰ
ʿţȺҴҵܶȥ
飡
һط֮УͻȻһҫĿĻ棬ߴʮɡ

ֻһҽУһӵطϷȥʿʱûͷüëȫͼϵĻ棬̫Եˣ̶̵ֻϢʿʩȣʿ㱻ΪҽͬԪһ֮䳹ʧ
ã
ˣ
ʿĴȥʿ״ʱæ˻
ܣ
Ⱥ֮һɫУĿʿȴΪһڵϣһ˫ȭĴŵ棬ȭҳѪնʿֵܡ
ֵܶ˵֪ɽµأǰ̽Ѱ鱦ģһգۼ䣬ֵܶ˱һҽҲ
ܶ㣬еػ緢
ػ±ȵʿĻǽ
ʿɫһѿҪЩ
Ҷһ亹ҺøղŶҪȻ⵹ù飬Ͳ֪˭ˡ
ɽܶĵڶ㣬ȻաҪղŴǵطϾûκ׼ĻͻȻһǿҵĻ棬ΪҲԵֵסҲˡ
ɽпᣬʿǿޣһСС⣬
ʿǳ˺һ
ǶĿվѹ˶Ŀ־塣ģԤϵ˽ܶΣԡֻǸղŵǵػ̫ͻȻǸŵĲᡣ
СģעصѷĻ棡
з𻤼׵ģȫϣ
ʿ¹ţӳֻ֣Ϸ»ףΪССĶ飬ܶɢȥ
һǲðȻ£С࣬еطĵطܿ
ҶԼӳһֺʯһ齣һ£Ȼһٵķ򣬲ȥ
ܶģԼһǧʿ
Сռ˾ʿԼΪʮ
Ҷľ֣ҲʮʿֻҪʿʿ
ǧʿ࣬ϰܶһɢܿҲˡ
ܶ㣬ʱޣǷʲô

ݻŵ⣬һʿʮʿ棬ɽڶڰݻŵƿ֮У˿
֮ܶ϶࣬һ׵ݶֵǮЩﱻʿȥʧС
ʿЩеϧ
ҪǲǷ֣϶Թģŵʿ֪ʱ˴ǰɽﻹǰݻŵķݣһֺôЩɢʿǸһپ٣Ҳܶסǵ죬ʡǵ¡һǾϢŴ˵ص£Щɢޣһôȵռ̡
ɫ԰׵ʿҡͷ˵ˣҰݻҪޣ϶ҪСĴۡЩɢ޵Ҳóռݴ˵أǳʺҰݻŵֲϵҲǳ㣡˵ؿΪҰݻŵһפء
µĵǣֻ³֪һɽռ˴˵أպҪǽô죿
ʿ
ɫҲʮֵ顣
ǧɢʿ˵أٺãҲܲ͸硣
֮ǰԸ飬ôˣ

֮ǰԸ顣һðݻŵһ۹ݿѾˣֱӣźģ䱩ңԼǱ뿤֮УϧһֶաȡĶݿڶ飬۹ڹչ֣չռݿֻҪݿ̲۹ҲûнҪǽɽ
ţܺãҪ죬ŷӦ֮ǰסɣһ򽲹ܹܲȻСɰɣ

ǣ¼ӽȥ죬ǲһǰȥ۹չֻչĲҵ۹ֱɵȥɱչңһĺչλռݿ
ʿ̵ͷ
ʿԺʮʿԸ˼䣬һݻŵǰȥִ


187 
Ҷֳֽ齣Сĵڹȵʯ棬ǰɴһƬɳϣż겻֪Ļɫͽݣһɫ滹һö쵤ĹӣɢŵϢǳջˡ
ȻֻʲôʵǹҲжϳжĶ
㲻ֱҲֵܵһͽ׵һԪЧЩôҪ֪޲ֱģӶؼԪ
ʿϲݡ䷽Ƴһĵҩᴿȥ°빦֮Чұڳñ档û䷽ĻҲǿԵġ
ҶδȥժĿһΧĻǷޡ
ͽ׵ҲػԱ߿ذռţʽ
ҶݵһɷԲʯ̽ȥϸСѷ춼ֵ̽ǣȻûκη֡
ĿջɵĶ˵ͽ·ɳϣʶ̽˹ȥ
һʮ΢ĳϢǱɫݵɳ棬ɳڸΣһϸʶɳȥ̽»΢ϢԹȥ
ɳ棬ƻȥժĻɳͻȻܳһУǿϺܶޣҲɥ
Ҷа
гֽ齣һɳ棬ٴȥ
ͣ
齣̴ɳµĳޣһɺɫҺɳн˳ܿ챻ɳȥеˮ֡
Ҷ齣˳ֻһͷ糤ɳЫӣЫβΧҴ̣δ͸˦ֽͷɳЫ˦Զȥ
ϵĻɫժһ£ֱԣܿеһ΢Ԫ뾭֮СϧöƷ̫ͣʿЩЧǶʿ˵Чǳ΢
ö˳·ȡҶܶѰ
нٶȲ졣
ɽ֮ܶǰδʿûκεͼԲգÿһطǱΣգһܲҵȫˡõĻ˵ҵܴһʺơùǿޣ緢ĵ棬ʱһغ
ҶԸ̫ðգһЩܶҪǰеǰɽĵͼƳŻ㱨׼ȷ鱨
Ѱֻ˳Ϊ֮
ҶһǰУһ߽;Ļġ
һΣգҪ˵ĻҲȫĵ·ˡҪ֪ܶȻܿݻ𣚣ôĽ޵ĿҲǳʿĽޣϣСΪϡ
ҶһΧһ˼ϡ٣ܶʿѾɢڶĴС飬ٳͬȥѰ
Ҷѡķ٣Լϰҡܶ㣬;ܿʿӰԽ١żܿͽ׳޵ʬ壬ʿҵʬ۴ĵͽʿǲժˡ

Ҷǰ⣬һ͵ұڣһѷ죬Ļ档͵ұϷʮݡ
ֲӿ棬ͷŻǷƸá
ݣһֻ糤ĻĳӼʵһĽݣмߵ鵤ҩüֵʿõԪ
ײݣҶײݣĻϵݣƸֻϵ鵤
͵±ϷһСƬݶ꣬ײݶ꣬⻹߰һ׼ֵ΢ЩݣǻϵԵҩ
Щݣֵܼһǧʯ
ҶԶұϵҩĿһзɿһ¼ֵɵ¶ϲɫ
ǰѰȻǷƵĽݾ
뵱ԼڵʱԵǸɻǮۻһҲʯأðѰҩһֲҩǼֵǧʯ
ѹɽôѰʿѰҩʿ֪غΣգĴðѰ
ⶸ͵ұϣ֮⣬δޡҪժЩݣܵȼղС
ҶһԼĽ֣ӦܹȼһСѸٲժЩݣҰȫ˻
һǧʯѾʿҶ˵ࡣۿֵǮݲȥȡ⻹һðգѰҵ˼ֵ
ҶҪȥȴͻȻͣ¡
ұڵһΰѪĿⲻһνٶȥⱩ¶Լ
һθɺԵѪ
ܶڻǳȣһκʵѪһڵϣˮֺܿڵ¸ɺԵѪۼ޷жѪʲôʱµġ
Ǻܾ֮ǰѪҲǸոµѪܿޣ֮ǰʿȥժȴˡ
һ֣ζΣա
ޡʿԼԳᡣĽޡʿ¾ҪǷֵΪһǧʯɱ
ҶȻԼʩһˮ
һ㵭ˮֽǣһգۣδԭʧ
Ҷûгǰߣǳ෽򣬻ƶĿŸпܲޡʿмĵطΣһЩûл
ƶһ࣬ͻȻͣ
侲Ŀ⣬һʯ棬һʿӰ
ˮ֮޷ʶ̽飬̽Ķ̸оԼʿʶɨˮǱЧ㡣
ҶֻĿȥ۲죬ֶ̽ζЩܵơ
ǿʯĺ棬һڰ˲Ļʿţͷð亹ֳֽ鵶Ÿһ˿ڣĿ޺޵ŲԶʯԡ
ǵѪǴģ
Ҷ˳ŻʿĿǴʯԣ⣬ﻹһʿһͷޣݡ
Ҷ΢һɡֵʵǿܽʮֵǧʯҩȡ֡
ɶ񡫣ɽʮ꣬û뵽﷭Ƕᱦʿ֮ǰˣ
ʿϳŭʯԺȵ
һѰɢޣҶһߣʵȻ൱
ǰұϵʮҩղŷһʱ̫˷ܣʿ⴦طֻǴԵ̽һΧûϸ̽ԶʯԣұڲժЩҩ
û뵽ͻȻ⵽ʯһöİ㡣
һ룬ʹ֮£ұµĻ֮ȥӦ죬ʱһұϣʮԶʯ档
ΪѰʿʹ޵Ĳޣ;ɱĶᱦʿרŽɱʿΪ֣Ѱʿϴһգնˡ
¸£Σֵһǧʯҩ˶ģƴһˡϲƻǧ飬Ǹã
ʯڣһЦ


188 ڳԺ
ҶԶǱɫĿǰұڴᣬѾǰס
ʿǱʯڣұʮֵƵݣ͵ϮǰժݵĻʿ
湻սƻɽûйؿԣΪһǧʯɱֱҪ
Ҷɰҡͷ
ûŶֻ֣˻ʿ˲Ϊʵȴδһ͵Ϯʿȿ˴˵ʵԼٳֲ١
ʿʯԵʿ˼䣬ȴھʯӽת齹ͼȫöӸƳ
öĵﴦӰķתʵǲʱƳ͵ϮĶᱦʿɱ˹Ӱɱ
ЩֵǣʯʿȻδûʯɱ֮ʳ֡
֮⻹һط֣öϲδͿ
ᱦʿܿǸ֣ҪֵĻԻͿϾ綾ҪķĳɵķȥƳУҿ϶Լûˣûҳãʱ佫Ƴ
ʿһҡ
ֻܷӳ˳ɵʵ֪͵ϮʿΪʵǶֵʵʱðȻɱȥֻ±ذɡ
ұ£ʿĬ
СƬ̣ʿžʹѾ糤ӸڸƳ˽һ糤ẉ̂ҪƳס
ƳøҶɣ
ʯУͻȻЦ
ʿüͷһûпȷʵǵģѵ⣿
ˡ
ЦԤϵ֮Ƿко綾϶᲻һеƴҸû¾綾ȻûжȴͿɢɢ޳ζʹȴһ֮ڣɢȥһʱɥʧս㻹ΪһʱƳ룿
˵ţһ԰СʿʯһԾ˳ªϴŵĿЦΪֻ㣬ǻʿ㣬ʵ޴Ҫ潻棬ռκαˣذɡ
ҶԶԶĿ͵ϮʿʵҲɵľȡڵΪȻһʿˡ
ʲôɢרɢɢ
ʿԲɾŭ
ȻмˡɢǶҩԲоʹķӦɢҪһЩʱ䡣֪ˣӦɱȥ
ʿȻվȴʱо֫վվȣӲһڷȻܵƣʵһϡ
ˣ
ʿϲֳһ߳ʿ˹ȥ
ʿæʩչַȻӽֵ
˲
ܿ죬ʿֵסһҽУɥʿС
ʿγ̣ɿĴӻʿѳһСʹæ򿪣һĲƻ࣬ٿʯͽͼƿԪ
ʿʱʧʿѾ󲿷ǮƶϣϵĲƻ١
ģȻ
ʿ޷޵İѻʿСʹͽ齣պãһŽǻʿʬ֮УΪҽ
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ʿתðŵǵΣգ϶͵ұڣ׼ҩ뿪ȥѰʺ͵Ϯĵط
ұ棬Ȼһͷ̾ţ˳ʿɱ
ʿһ򣬺òɱͷߣСĵĲժұʮҩװԼĴڡ
ʿϲҪ뿪ͻȻ㵡
֪ʲôʱһʿǰЦĿ
ǿ˰ϷڿʼҶ
㡭ʲôʱ
ʿȫûע⵽Ҷʲôʱʮ֮һŵõ̶ֳ׼ҶϢĳ֣ųһ亹
£ˣ
ҶҪʲƻһҪɱԷ
ʿ϶ʱһڣȳ˻ࡣ
ոմһʿժʮݣһһǧʯĺơ⻹ûüˣתһٵʿ
Ҳ
Ҷ˿̵ѹڵھŲ㣬ǻʿǿΪĲ࣬㣬ѹԵơ
ʿһ£ûаաһ뵽ղҶϢĳʮɴиǷӣҲӲˡ
ʮɵľ룬һھŲʿѸٰɱ
ʿֱϰܣʮֲİʮݶڵϣ׼ߡ
ǻʿĲƻأ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ʿɫ΢䣬ʿǱ˸ղŵĴ򶷡æѴӻʿѵһҲһڵϣĵղϵĲƻˣҿ𣡡
Ҷҡͷ䳰ԼϵĲƻأѵΪǼٵĴ٣
ʿһ£ûޣڡ䡢ڵֵǮĲƻͳͳڵϣŰڿֵǮĶˣɱҲûĺô
ɣҪڵɽټ㣬̸ɱ
Ҷޱ
ʿԣ̷ɿ뿪ޱȣܿʧ
ҶֽеĲƻ
ʮݼֵһǧ飬ʿٿʯĲƻʿϴżֵǧʯĲƻܹǧʯ֮ࡣ
Ҷɾ̾
ԭΪѰʿǮû뵽ᱦʿǮȻҹݲʣٱʿǮ졣ðոһѣȵѰҩʯٱˣʱҲܱ٣
ҶЦ

Ѱʿ֮ܳɱԽɽ缫Ϊӣһֱ˺ɱаޡʿɱԽ顣ҪɱԽҲ͵͵ĸɣ컯֮¹Ȼɡ
ǺڳԺڣԲûʲô
ɽܶ㣬ʿʮоʵܹģֻϵʿſ
ҶʿչһʺƣһΧѸٴ⴦͵ұʧȥ
һʱ֮ҶѾܶĸ
ַ˼겻ҩ
Ž룬һ·Ͽüʿʬ壬ʬϴµצۣѪģȻǸܶڵɱġܶʵѾ൱ǿסĽףԸǵѶȺܴ
мʿ鵶齣˺ۣʿ֣֮Ϊɱ
ΪΪʳ⻰Ȼһ㲻٣
Ҷľһ·ϹʿѾ֮ࡣܶûпģʮϰʿܶ㣬ռ˽ܶʿʮ֮һ
ҶͻȻǰһƬܶʯۼҵȺԼʮʿкüʿĿⲻһݡ
ôʿۼһĪǷʲôˣ


189 ֩붴
ôʿҹȥҩӦò⣡
ҶһǴʿȺۼĵطȥ
ƬܶʯһȺʮʿʮңʶҲͬȻͬһʿǺüʿ
Ⱥ֮в˼ҶƳһۣһʿһǰȻھŲʿҲΪ⡣ôʿһռٱˡ
ҶȺĿķȥһʮɴСĴͶߣ֪ͨʲôⶴػѪ
ȷֵģݹУ
ǸҽȥĻ֩룬֧СӸԸˡҪǲҽȥͱȻҶˣ˭зݡ
ȻҽȥҪǺòװɱˣȴںˣǰæһ
߰ӵʿΧһ𣬼ҵִʲô
Ҷ飬ܿ׹ôһ¡
ԭղһ֧ʿСӣ֮󣬷һͶߡ˽ȥϲķΪڶĽסϵҩֵʯ
ͬǾɥǣⶴһ֩ĳѨһȺĽס׵Ļ֩룬֧̽Сӵжǰʿҧˡ
СļԱժҩģֻӳ档
ӳ֮󣬻֩˻ȥ
ʿ׷׸˹ⶴۼһСѾۼΧʮʿʿ
ʿ֪ⶴдҩģ֮С
ʿԼֵҩģҲۺޱȡҲδʯǰĻ֩붼ժҩģǱܷһʺơ
ңղǸʿСֻǽȥ˶ɶѣ˶ҩģǸûߵľͷҵߵľͷ˵ҵࡣ
ǣĻ̫֩࣬˭Ҳ޷¡
һǳҪʿʵˮƽ࣬һĳ֧ΪɱڵĻ֩ʵ󽵣ʿӵƣлҩġ
Ƕɵϸʿѡ
ǲ׽ԭһȺʿⶴ⣬Ƚȥɱ֩롣
Ҳǰ취ҿǰѰʿĹ˭ɱػĻ֩룬ҩı˭ãǰɱҩġ˭ɱٰ֮֩ɱҩ
һΪĺĿɨˣ
һʿǶʿһжĻʿɱĿ϶࣬õҩҲࡣ
ϵܣⶴɣҪ֩ɱ˼ܣ͵ɺס͵͵ҩĲ˲Ӳ˵ȻԼطժҩҲ޿κΡ
һ͵Ļߣҡͷ
ʿ֮⣬ﻹʮֵ͵ʿŶ񣬴ʮͨķǺ˵
ҶһЩͨʿ֮Уʿѯ⼸ʿܿŪףǺһļʿһɢޣڸɽߣʿ֮ЩСʿȴǲ֪Щء
ҲУҲУɴ˭ҩ˭ãﵢʱ䣬һȥطѰҩģԼһȥѰʹ졣һȺĥĥطҩʿɹˡ
ŭ
߼꣬ɿЦҡͷϵܣҪóһԲߣźñȥ֮ͻ
λŵĹɱܰɣ
ͻȻԶЦ
˷׷תͷȥֻһɫ԰׵ʿһʿʿһСȺݻʿܶԶ
ɫ԰׵ʿǰݻŵ⣬ʿ¡һʿ
ʿǶɫӡ
Щɢʿ԰ݻŲû̫ĺøУֻǰݻЩɢǿռɽҲòݻϽʯܽɽܶ
Ŀ΢΢һܿЦǶȻŵĹǾͽȥɡǼʿͷ˸ں档ҩģ˭ɱĻ֩Խ࣬˭ֵҩıࡣ
ߣ
Ͳͣһͷ֩붴ڶȥ
ߣԼŶʿַ
ݻŵʿҲһͬȥ
쬣
쬣
ʿͷ·ʮʿæ֩붴壬ͼǰһõλãҲժҩ
Ҷʿǰλãǰʿĥš
ڣһͷɴС׻֩˻˻ţӶڴ˳Ŀ׺ݵĶų붴ߵʿ
ſһŻɫ˿
ɱ
ӴţӰһܿ˿Ϊһâͣͷ׻֩뻹Ӧ㱻նΪءȺɫҺ壬ڶ߱ϡ
OO@@ܿ켸ͷ֩Ӷڳͷ֩ʬ壬ŭ˻С
ʱڵĻ֩붼ˣȺӿ˳
ɱ
ͳ˽ȥ
ʿһӵϣ֩붴ȥ
ֲҽ˷
һ֩ĴѨⶴڵĻ֩벻ʮͷ֮ࡣĽϵĻ֩룬кüͷÿһͷܸʿ⡣
µǣڵĻ֩ʿ֩
ʮǵض֩㶼޷㿪ΪʿԴ֩ļ϶֮жʵǿʿֱӽ͵֩˺ѿ
ʵʿУҲв˿ùˡ

л𶾣Сģ
ʿ֩ס
鷳ǣϵճҺл𶾣ƤƤ϶ʱ˹̵Ļݰߵ㣬ѸưãĲҽС
ǰһʮʿʿһЩʵھŲʿ֮⣬һʿ˿зҪ
𶾲Щ˻֩ʿǵĲ״ǰѺʮʿסʿ¶ɫ⡣
ҶӶеĽ齣һĽɫâԼһ˿пһΧֵʿɰһ
Ҷ࿴˻˻һȷնһɳĽ⣬һͷ׻֩뱻г롣
ҶƴϢԼʿ˹ȥ
һɫ˿ס޷ճ̫˺˺
ҶĳɱϢʱϵ˿סӲ
꣡
ԭԵ˿Ϊѡ
ʿһ㺮˪ɪɪ֮г
лֳȣ
ʿѵ֮˳ҶΪм
ⶾɣ
ҶҡҡͷֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ʿմȾ֩붾Һð˻ݣæЯĽ𶾵ҩˡ
Ҷȥְ;סĲʿ˳ʿȻ˵㣬ҲսԸⶴڵĻ֩ܳһ
ɱȥˣ
ӳڻ֩붴ߵǰ棬𣬲ٿŷһͷӴĽ׻֩뼤ҲͷĽ׻֩һΪӲĵֵŷʱһɫĶ˿ӡ


190 ǿĻĸ
Ӳٿطڻ֩붴ߵǰ棬ɱֺݣɥµĻ֩벻ͷ֮࣬Ҳ˶ڻ֩Ⱥļŭ
ͷӴĽ׻֩볯ӷ˺ҧĽ׻֩ʵѾʿ
ϵܣ̫죡ⶴڵĻ̫֩ˣȺʿУ
ǣƣӵĻ֩סֵӵѹ
ϸ̫СˣǼʿ֣Ժɨ֩붴ߣ
ӹЦһΪһٵĵӰǰĻ֩
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195 Ϊս
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196 ѻ
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198 Ըѻ
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200 ԡѪ
СɸȣιѻѨڵʮͷѻЩѻĳɳȽͱøǵʳҲѸӡ
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ͷѻУʮͷѻǰ
ңͷ׺Ļѻʳõĸ࣬ЩĻѻʳõĽ١
ССĻѻȺԵĵȽ׻֡ͷĶ׻ѻɻѻȺ졣ѻȺֳ൱ߵǣڲʵķʳ
ҶһĻЩ𾪡
һСȺѻУԶһͷѻͷڻѻͻѻʮͷͨѻ
Ǻ¡ѻȺ֮г׺Ļѻս֮ҲΪ͡ǴӽʳܿóѻȺ֮ķӺϣĵͽ޺һ㡣
СιȺѻСʱ䣬ιס
ѻѨڵ˻ѻ֮󣬻ѻȺڲɱý١ѻƻѻȺڵ˶
ҶĬһ³ɱ
ιһͷѻϵʵԼķѾŰٿʯʮͷ׻ѻһķһʯɸڵʯĹ⡣
Ͷֵֵ
һͷϵȻѻԼ൱ھŲΪ
Ҫ֪ɽܶһǧѰʿ֮УֻʮʿǧʿھŲ֮¡
׻ѻʵѾܹͨʿ⡣
˵ɱǳ
Ҷš
ˣҪҪͻĽףͻĽףƻһЩա
Сιףͣʵ
һ׵ףޡͻĽףޣʵһءҪͻƺѡ
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ÿͻҪƿвͬķաѻǿɽף㿴˱֪ˡ
Сҡͷ
УûѻͻĽף
Ҷһ£˵
С˵ͷѻϿֻȺѻͷѻιʳ
ɸڣ޵ĳɳٶȣֻҪʳˡû㹻ʳǳɳġ
⣬Ҳʲô޶ܲϳɳġ޵ʣҲеĹϵ
Ҷ֮ǰͷڵͽ֮мΪͨһ֡ͨĳһϵȵʵܴﵽױƵϺһƬгưԡ
ҶιףѾǸߵףĽռ伫СʳݣҲȥҶûú
֮£ѻҪȺǿܶ࣬ͨѻܴﵽףĽѻܴﵽ֮ߡҶѻɽһȺѻʵطĻѻܸܲߣ˵
Сѻιʳ
׻ѻ˷ܵĽʳ岻ųߣ˼ޣͣ˳ɳ
ڴĽʳƺԲһ÷˶ǿɫëԽĺⷢ
ֹ֮ͣ˽ʳ
ҶЩʹôСգԵ˺üǧʯȣ֮ǰԵĻࡣ
СٽʳͣĿš
ѻϵĻɫëһʼ䣬ĺצϵһƤҲʼʡ
ֻһС֣кܶëδ䡣
ѻʲѻѨڵһѻѪʯԼδëȥ
ԡѪḶ́ѻѪ࣬һɣжϣҲᵼͻʧܡ
СЩš
ѻѪʯΪһ´ڻѻ϶ʱ̳ѪѻеһҵĴʹǲɿڣ£Žëȥ
Ǹոտʼ»дëҪȥ
ͷѻŻѻѪʯԼϴë´ıˣʮϰٵѪȻĺצδʾƤѪʯĥĺצһƤĥ˺
ѻΪʹ࣬лûзһſڽлѻѪʯҪеȥ˭Ҳ֪ûٴΰѪʯ
̣ҶԹߣеĿġ
ʿҪͻƿ
ѻǲʲôͻĽ׵Ḷ́ΪѪȺ;ˡ


201 ѻѪ
ҶŻѻûѻѪʯëȥԡѪѰΪͻƣɸе𾪡һЩż֮УعϹŻԡĴ˵ѻԡѪԡȴһ֮
תͷСʵѻԡѪ𣬸˵еĻǲһ£
ЩƣѻԡѪΪ˽Ϊ߽ףʧܱʧѪԡҲΪ˽ͻʵһʧܱһлҷ̸ΪҡѻûκѪȫͬ塣
Сһ£ͷѻһߵ塪壬иѪ
޵ͻƽΪ֣һΪͻƣӵͽ׻ѻΪ߽׻ѻһѪͻƣӵͽΪ߽壬ѻѪͻƣΪ塣ѻڵͽ壬ڸ߽塣ֱ仯߻ԡһڵͽ壬ڸ߽塣ߡȻڲͬ壬嶼ͻƽкѪ
ѪͻƵĺôǳࡣ츳ȫͬøǿ󲿷ֵΪ츳ʣгɳļޡһﵽɳ֮󣬱Լɳȥѻ϶Ҳгɳļޣɳһ޶ȱͣ͡ǻѻͻѪΪڣǱͻ츳ʵƣԵõߵĳɳѻֻ»һŷǽȴķ
С˵
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Ҷһ£ʵ
ԣֻѶȷǳߣ
Сͷ
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뵽һҪ顣
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һָŴɣɽڻĴסաӥ񣬶ڵͽסнޣߵ޵Ӱӡ
ŶûУɾ͸˵ˡŴ֮һţŲ֪ûиߵޣҲֹۡ
ܹѻѻɽڣҲζţнӵмǿĸߵޡ
Ҷš
ѻѾԡѪḶ́һëȫȥһָ˽ʳʳ֮³һѤޱȣŵĻɫâ
ٶȱһࡣչ˫ᣬܸӴ
ͱ׻ѻҪ࣬ΪĽĻѻ
ѻɹͻΪ֮˫֮ͫж˼֮ɫĿ⿴ҶҲηѻǰȥʱʮͷѻڵأ׶
Ҷ״ϲɹˣͷѻףΪĽѻΪҼһɸڼιͷѻԳɳΪףʵҪǿʮ
ˣɳȥˡ޵Ϊǳˣѱѱ䷴ˡͷѻŸոͻĽףΪ࣬Ѿʧȥη֮ģ㻹ʵѹٳɳȥ޷Ͳָˣ
Сæ
ѱ䷴ɣ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ԭ㣬塢׻ѻʵѻɽڣûв
˼һ£ò˼ûѻɳȥͷ
Ϊʵһ۷壬һЩԼΪʵޣ
ҪԼΪʵ޸һЩܼѻĵȽףǿԶһЩͽ׻ѻ׻ѻȺҲγǿս
Ҷ鿴һԼʯ
ʣµȫʯ˳Լһ顣кܶ඼ʿ֮ռʯ
С࣬ôûѻȺࣿ
Ҷʵ
򵥣ѻˣ
СЦ
ѻѨͶһЩȣлд֮ЧҩʮͷѻɻسѨѰʳ˲ãѻѨڱʮöѻЩѻѣһͷͷߴߴҽе׻ѻ
СཫѻϿιʮͷ׻ѻ
С칦һʯһգ׻ѻȫɳΪ׻ѻƽÿͷ׻ѻľŰٶʯ
ʱĻѻѨӵһͷĽ׻ѻʮͷ׻ѻ
һСȺѻѾ־߹ģѻԶԸһһʿʣµĶʮͷ׻ѻԺһ㿹⡣ʵ൱һʿ
СȺѻҵʵֱӷı
ҶеЩϧʯ̫٣һȺͷ׻ѻʵʮ٣þʿ
ɸڻѻȺѾγСģǶǽʵսѵ
ɴСĶѨڡ
Ҷ÷ɽӶʯƳʮʯˡʶٿʮͷѻʮöѨڵʯƳɵһɸ߼˷Χ
վڶѨһߣֳֹŻᡣ
Żڳʮͷѻ
ѻͶʮͷѻھͶѨվڣȴҶ
򹥻
Ҷʶһѻ
ѻȺ̳֮ͷѻһʯ˺Χȥһ½ʯ˸١
ѻĹʽֻ֡һԶ̣»һǽ̣ȥצͳ򹥻ˡٿزӡһѻǻϵޣһǳڶԵС
ҶӵĵʶʶͬʱԸͷѻݾ׼һ鷳βٿأлѻٿأѻȺڱɢˣ޷γɺ
ٿЩ鷳Լĵ㡢Ĳ㣬ӵа˵ʶʮʶʶҲǳޡԺϰͷѻǾû취вٿˡһʿʶͬʱָϰͷѻ
Ҷһ֮󣬲÷ʶָÿһͷѻĲݷʽ
ĿͷĻѻϡ
ѻָӻѻȺֻǲ֪Чô
ѻڹٵʣµľŸʯˣȻԶȻצιʯˣ
ҶʶһѻһЩӵ
ѻ漴ѽѽһųڿնĶʮͷѻҲŷڶѨ

ʮö򣬳ʯ˺˹ȥ
䣡
һ±ʯ˱١
ţѻŻѻȺȥצĻ̶Ϣ򣬾žʯ˱Ⱥٵ
ѻ񣬴ŻѻȺ·ϰС
Ҷϲ⡣
ѻǱлҪߣܹĸ
ֻҪָӻѻܲٿѻȺһٿػѻȺúܼ򵥡ʮͷͷǧͷѻҲһ
ѻǣָĻѻִ
ֻҪԻѻѵһԼ˼ѻȺִܹ
ѵ˽һʱ
Ҷһ֣ùŻὫѻͶʮͷѻȫ뻭ڡ
ŻҲڡ
ȱֻʯֻҪ㹻ʯѻȺܴӣȰѻѻȺһͷһͷ׻ѻŻҪ߰ʯ
Ҷһ䴢˼š
дĲƻֵʮ֮ޡֻǶǿʯҩ鵤֮࣬ʯСڱѻɽĶѨڣ޷֡
뿪лѲƻȡ㹻ʯ


202 ݻ
ȡʯιѻȺ飬ҲûãֻܵȡݻŻŵԮܲһڸϵɽ
Ҷš
ڣѾһ֧ӦĻѻȺʵ֮ǰѻɽĶѨڣʵκʿǿʱԱ
ҶһԪĿϯشԪ
ѾһڣӨƼλͬʦֵһ·ǰ۹Ѳӵ;£һ۷壬һССƿ
ͣһ㾳ѾһСʱ䡣
ʱһȥ
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ҶɽѨڣСķѻ붴Ѩ֮⣬Ѵ󲿷ֵ˼ϣԪͻһСﵽڶΪ
Ҷ˵ҲǸССοȻյأûе
һʱǰɽѰףһҹ󷢺ƵĵͽɢǣԽԽࡣ
ǵо󲿷ֶɢ޺Сʿ
ЩɢʿǴ۹Լܱߵʮ׹ȣʿۼأΪңԶĵطŷŵζҰһ˷ܵ
֮£ݾŴŵķӦٶ۵Ķ࣬󲿷ֿ»֪۹ڳһµĴء
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ݾںܶʷḻرŴſֻ֮ŵӽ룬ɢǶ޷ȥ
ֻһЩ̫ҪԴѷأɢռ֮󣬾ŴŲ㶯֣޷ͼŷƣɢռš
ݻŲݾŴ֮Уʵټԭ򣬻ǼɵŵԵʣûȫѵɽơڵͽɢǻɽѰ鱦
̶һ£ڵɽûɢʿһǧࡣ
һЩʵ̫ڵɽһ㣬ɽȥѰĵر
ɽܶһѻʣʿ⵽ԵĴʵȻʿм䴫ˡвʿڻѻɽĶѨڡ
ֻҪĵر֣ʮΣգҲʿǰѰʵϣʿΪԼرˣʿһùΣա
ȻǲǻѻɽǧͷѻѰʿ˶࣬ǼΪɢңûһ㹻ʿܹЩɢ޾ۼȻҲԿӴĻѻȺ
ѻɽѨڵʿֻεļѻȺš
ڵɽѰʿԶԶĶ㿪ɽ⵽ŭĻѻϮ

һգԭڵɽڸɢǣͻȻĿһȺһɫεʿ֡Ⱥʿ֮Уʿ㲻ʮ֮ڣҲ඼ڣһȺʿȴҲ
ǴӵһλɫĺߣɽڣҴҵܶٶȥ
쿴ǰݻŵʿ
ôʿݻŵʵǿҾһҲδܼһʿһһȺ
мˣǽ棿ģʿһͷһμ
˵ݻŵڻѻɽԭΪǸԣڿģ
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һݻʿͶĿ⣬̱죬¡
һЩĵͽɢʿԶԶĸŰݻʿǰܶ㡣
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վһʯߴĿϰ﷽ԲܶƬ̣޶
ĴȺʿǷɻˣǴҴǰΪ˾ôˡع۲졣ڵɽˣͻ㱨˴˵еȺѻҲա
ţڻѻɽڣǲ̽ɱѻȳ
ʿ¶ɻһ˹ߵ
߲ǱˣǰݻŵҲǱڻѻɽѨ׵
ѾһˣҲһʱᡣǿɽΣ

ʿӣһʱ֪λشɽȻãݻҲͼıռݴ˵ءȻˣ鷳Ҳܴ󣬵ɽⲻ̾ȥġ
ɽš
ŲǺǵģ˴ţҲšҪ˵Сţպܴ
ǲÿڡ
۹Ͻ׹ȡ
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ţռݴ˵صĻǰɢ޶ɱ⡢׷סɽܶһϢֻһ΢СأûжԴж֮ǰݿҰݻϽ׹ȿƷΧǰѵռˣ취źͽ⡣żҴҵδػССĵɽ󶯸ɸꡣ
һʿ룬¶׺֮ɫ˵
ţɣɱЩɢûʲôЩѰʿвʿ˭֪ûоŴݸ洫ʿɱ˾Ŵŵ洫ӣưոݣǰݻʵǲŴţ
һʿϷԵ
ﲻǴȺѻɽֻڡǰѵɽгһ£ɽڵѰʿɱ⣬˭֪ĸŵʿһŴ֪еɽǰ鶼ƵܶĻѻȺǡɽѰǧͷѻɱ̫٣ǸϵʱѰʿѾɥڻѻĻ֮С޵УɽҲʲôϡ顣
֮ǰʿ
ɫ粻û˵УҲû˵Сһŵţһ洫ӣѵɽһгڸסûбŵ÷κ˳ȥӲߣɱۡ
ǣţ
ʿһʿǰȥɽһڣڵʿ
ףȥѵɽеʿټȺѻ˭Ը⣬ɱ
ûκα顣
Щɢ޳ЩǧͷѻȺɵӾȳ˵ҪҪɱɽڵѰʿǿǡ
ǣ
һʿһʿټɽѰɢ޼ϡ
ЩѰʿԸԸ⣬ܿ켯ݻŵĽݻŴȺʿɲǲ
Ѱɢޱһǧ֮ڣȻңһҲӴ
аݻŵʿʮʿΪģںѹ󣬶Ѱʿѻɽ
ɱ
Ⱥʿѻɽȥ
ѻɽΧĽǧͷѻͷԶʿᣬһȫճʿȺܼĻ


203 ն
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ǧѰʿȺӿϻѻɽ𣬺ɽյĻѻɱ
ʿֳ鵶齣ĻѻȺǴַкȥ
ȺѰʿ֮вٵʿʿȻУձѻȺ̾ᣬҲҷֻѻ
Ȼаݻʿں󷽶սȺѰʿʮɢҡСϤʿܹ֮֮⣬ʿȺǸΪս·ԡ
ѻȺһսѰʿǶʱʧأٵͽʿһ
ʿһԹǿɽԶվŹսİݻţֻŭԡʿ˵ǿµĴڣܿ⡣
ǲҵݻŵĽʿֻܺͻѻȺƴ
ֵǣѻȺƺҲЩҡѻȺֳɣڼͷ׻ѻͷĿĸԴ£ѰʿǴսѻȺĻңǵʵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ѻȺûлѻ
ŵĿ棬һ¿˻ѻȺԾĵط
ѻǼߵĵͽ壬һѻȺڻһͷʵǿĻѻͳѻȺǰǧͷѻȻûлѻֻкüͷʵĻѻͷĿѻȺѳɡ
ţȺѻһЩҪҪ֣˹Щѻȳ
һĸʿ
ЩѻЩѰʿʵܵĵ
ޱ飬ʵɽĸͨڣѾסˣ
ţʦָղ˻㱨Ѿͨڷסˣÿһͨλʿأֻ
ʿһݣæţҪ֣ʿɱ
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ݻŵʿǰ˵أʿʮĶʿ
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Գ֣ҲֻȺѰʿҪǧʿһȫɱ⣬ǲһ׵顣ЩѰʿֲðݻɱ
ܳɹǵȻٺòݻſų켺ռɽأջһʾ޴Ĳƻ
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ǱһСʿɽӳȥݻڵɽɱʿͬй¶ȥضŭݻųΪаɣ⵽ŴŵĹ·һŴ
ķ̫ˡ
ҲԥҪҪ֡
ǰȺӴѻѰʿһƴܾ֮ˣѰʿءݻӵоԵƣܹʣѰʿΧߣǶֵʱ

ѻɽϰٸѨ
һѨ
ҶڴͻȻ΢΢һԼѨԶֵĳȺɱ
ܹ붴Ѩսļҡ
Ԯˣ
Ҷͷһϲͷ
ݻŵ˵ݻŵԮҪһʱִܵһʱ䣬һ£ݻŵԮҲˡ
ǰݻŶԵɽȤһ£϶ǰԮȡ
ӦòŵԮ
۹λѲʹ߾ĵɽʦֵܶĵ۶һӦûɽľ֪ɽ϶ǰңŵ߾ĵɽеԶ·Ҳûô죬ûж˵ġ
ĸţԮ˾ͺá
Ҷһ£վῪŶѨľ޴ʯпһͽ׷ɽŶѨͨȥ
Ҷܿ㿴˶Ѩڵʿ
ڸѨڵѰʿǣĺɱ׷״Ӳĵط˳ɲ໥š
Ԯ𣿡
ߣȥ
ڶѨڱһ»ʿǴһڣڶѨںͻѻ˽һ£ֲľ˺ۣѪ۹ؤǱ
ǷǰûԮǿ϶ΪԷϵĲʴԮˣҲ໥ɱ
ܿ죬ѰʿѨ
ŵʿѨɽҰѰʿںʹȺѻƴϲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ֻжʮˣʿ
ʿ໥һۣ𾪣ꡣ
һǰٶʿΧѻɽɽ𣬱ڻѻɽѨڣֻʮˣʿѻɱųϣ˴
ѻɽ϶ʬ壬ⳡƴսޱȡ
ݻӶѨڳЩͷֻʣ²ʿ

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ݻھɽȴܶصףҪݻԴȺʿǰԮǶˡݻŵӿĿ⣬żֳЦ
һδ˵ʲôûڵϵһۣȻʮֲ
ţ˴ͨ˵ɽ㣬ɽģ޴ǴһȻºЩʧѻɽ𣬵覲褣ɵֹ
һʿæ˵
ⲻɸмһĸʿͷϣҪ˰æŭ
ˣؽ͡
ҡҡͷ
Ȼ⣬ֻŭŭǵԴǰԮ
ֻС£ЩʧǣǰⳡǧѰʿͽǧͷѻĴƴΪѻӰͷ׵ĻѻͷĿѰʿ֮еʮʿնɱ֮󣬻ѻȺûͷĿʼ쳣ɢҡ
ѻȺɥʧȺƣʿռϷ磬٣ѻֻʱ⡣Ⱥѻ޷ɽѰʿǵʵ
֮ǰǵİܶڵѰʿɱ⣬Ҳ֣ҡڲ޷¶ľġ

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ɽѰʿǺͻѻĻƴƽϢѻȺһ⡣ⳡսѰʿֻһʿĴۣʣ൱Ӵ
̾ڵɽܶǿһȺѻݱˣʣµ޽ҷɢ׶ԸҪȺʿ
Ҷ˻ѻɽĶѨܿ뿪ɽ㣬ǰһ㡣Щҽʿһ㡣
ݻŵʿ򽻵ݻŰԭϽظռˣƴڸϢ϶ŷͻ
ɽѾ֪ıܶɽһһʮСءڶ㳬һڴأֻϵԴΪḻΪأžǲϧֶۣξ
洫ӣﲻȫ
һ֮ǰ΢һ㣬ݻһСȺʿڵɽʵ㲻ǿɽƿǳ
ڣݻŵĽԴ˴ȺʿפɽڣݻʵѾǿʮףΣԴǵǣ뾡뿪
ɲΪݻŵĽǷŵ洫ӣɱжٹǡɱȻαװɱǰⶼûС
ҶŸյɽһ㣬˿ʦ߶ˡ
ʦһǰɽ㷢ѻֻϢˣŵõ˵ɽյõϢ˵ݻŵԮǶ˲½ɽ̽ϢҶûл
ǼҶȻĴܶǴΪϲҶǵĽǻָܸҶȣռ鱨öЩʯ
뿪˵
ҶûʱǶ˶˵ɫ˵һ֮󣬴Ҵҷɿɽһĳڶȥ
ʦͷԣǸߡ
һʯߣ˵˵ɽһĳڴȴְݻŵʿʮʿͨסֹʿ롣
ʮѰʿҪȥ
Ϊʲôȥ
ɽʲôʱ˰ݻŵ˽ҵ̣Ȼóȥ
ЩѰʿŭĴţǲӲ塣Ǵ඼ʿʿɱǱв˻ס
ҰݻŵΪ˺Ӫȱܶʿͬʱճڣ˲Ը˻ѻôȥȥֻҪͬ⣬ǳȥû֮ǰʿ
ݻŵļʿһۣȴֻǺٺЦ


204 ɽ
һСȺʮѰʿҪ뿪ɽȴڳڴݻŵʿסȥɴд£ߣͰݻŵʿִ
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Ҷ˿ʦһۣƽʵ
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ʦɿ˵ԽԽ¡
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ס˲УҲûݣܵĺҶųһͷ׳Ͽʿ߶ˣԼԦɽһٶȳݸȥ


205 ؿ
ҶһȺѰʿɽ֮ͨ󣬼СƬ̹ԭڵɽİݻһȺʿɽһͨڴ
ɽһʿܹˣʱͨڣֻʣʮݻŵʰо֡
ſͨصʬ壬ͼսµĶۼɫࡣ
֮ǰһֱԥҪҪºְɽѰʿɱˣɽ鱨𡣿ɻû¾ϣͳִʡڵɽյϢ˹ǻǳһ
ţ·صɽڣһȺѰʿͻȻɱ˳ȥƴأδܽǡ¿ز𷣣
ڵʿŵĸ֮һţɫѿͷǺϥݵڵء
жˣ
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ҡҡͷɫԽ
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һŸݻŽأǾһ֮Ѫս

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ҶԦɽʦ߳ףɵݳǸ
ʦ߻ͷһγշУϲǻдյӳĿֻţݿ
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Ҷֵʵʲô˼˵ʵҲ
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һûκλļ󣬷ԽϾ۹ݿʳ޷ʳȱڣĴͶҡ
ݿĴѾΪɣһΪ֪ⳡʲôʱŽȴ罫ݿһΪݿ֮Щȥﰲݿˣиذ˶񡣻͢Ԯ־Ⱥ֣ȴ꣬ݿĺ顣
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ڣտ̫ʦ󳼣ʿǣҶʦߵǳ֣Ȼ


206 
ϵ֮Ծ㵣ԭġ
ΪһǰݳǵڻµʿҶʦߡʿηȺüʿͻȻݳʧûκѶסֵĳۺ¼궼;ϡ
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Ҷ˵ͷȴƽ㲻Ҫ֪ЩֻҪˣ
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ܱߵ׹ȱΣ
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Ϲݣݴ󺵣ǧض޷ʳֻдͼϹҲҵ۹ܰȫıݿ
ʮɻ
ҶЦ
һ͵ĵɽһǧ﷽Բʲôǵļֵ࣬һֵ鱦һֵһǮɳʯȫ޷Ტۡ
ݻŲֱ˰۹ĻҳԱȡ֮Ϊŵһ׺ᣬŵŭȫ
ݻĿܣͰڹϹϹͨеȹȣ̨϶ĳŵͨʿ̨ȻϹ̲۹ݿĻһ׹֮ĳͻӰ첻̫
㸶Ϲİܰݿ̲ɽ£԰ݻ˵ҲȫֵһԡϹһݿ϶Ǿٹ֮ȫ͹һٳɹ
ֻǣЩûҪպ˵˵Ҳûãӿֻš
ִС


207 ڼ
Ҷһաˣɡ
ǫĵͷֱҶĿ⡣
նЩԽܡķݿڣû˭ķʽһаնǨߣڶ׼ڹսһ´أܻܿɥʧԼķء
ҲӡҪ˵۹ĻʵҲΥҶλֱɶѲʹ
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⼸ݿԼܴϹľٹ
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̫ˣλ϶⣬ǿӦҲĥĥ䣬¼Ҳȵǵıͱˡ
Ҷҡͷ
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ЩĿĵλһıݿⱾһ׵顣
һΡҪʮ֮ڼʮϱʣ±һڵִɱг̣ɱ䲻ǰУɱʮڣδݳ£졢ʿ䣬һɱ
Ҷ˵ţĮûκα顣
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տһҶɫһͷðһ˿η֮ġ
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ʦ壬ֻ´֪ʣһǣ
ʵ̲סǫѯʵٲ˵ʲôԼѹ֮±
Ҷŵò࣬ʵ֪һЩйļϸ̽ӣͽʦֶݿ̫ʦİȫ⿤ڵӦû˱ˣ
৵һ±ò԰ףæ⡫ӱݿ֮һֱ𱣻İΣ˿и񣬵Ӻٹʡ׷йϸ̽Щ񣬶ǿĹԱȥ𡣿Ϊ֤
Ŷ𣡡
ҶȴԽЦ
Ū˭أ
ĹԱֻ
в̽ӣȴǰݻŵʿۼݻŵļڵӳ뿤ȽԼŻס
Աȥ׷Щߵ
ЩԱʮӣҲҹߵ顣
ֻλŵӣݸ̫ʦȥʡ
Ȼûȥ飬Ӱݻŵӳ뿤
Ҷǻɣݻŵʿݿ޼ɵĻйϵ
ݿڳһɽҪ鱨Ҳδϱɽݿĺֻ֣ǵһͨĺ֣Ӱ۹δš
֮ǰϱݿ·һɽôɴǰݿҲֲݻڵɽ
ҲҪҶðž޴գݻᡣ
δְݻŵĻװƲԸ£Ҷ£Ǳţ
ҶһʱҲ֪һ
ЩѾҪ
ҪѰݻݿڵĶӶεЩݻŰ׹Աϸ̽ӣͽ
ҶЦͷǷë
Ҷû棬Ȼ̹ףǾͲ˵ˡ
Ӵóһ֧ɰʺһֽż룬һɿдʲô
һݵɽ׼ȷ鱨Ҫ㱨š
ɽλáܶһ㡢ڶСܶĵͼΣɽڷֵĸֿʯʯĵȽƷʣܴڵĿ
ҶһܹܣԿԶԶһŵ˽ĸΪ̡
ΪɽڶһǰոձͨȻҶڵصһֱδܳһʦ߰ռ˸ֿʯ
ݻŽţһӵдȥ
˵һݹڵɽ¡ȫ鱨˰ݻʿ֮⣬鱨Ӧϸ׼ȷġ
Ÿ߲յ鱨ܹӦ֮ߣʿǰ۹ݿ֧Ԯ
Ҷ֮ǰĶǨҲãսҲã۹Ը֮Ϲ׹ȵĽ
Ҫѵɽܱ˰ݻţ붯ŵһ۹ǲܶ԰ݻŴʲôв
Щɽ飬տ󶮣濴ö
ƳһҶּ¼鱨ɫҡ
һۣͿ鱨ϼصĵɽ̺ľ޴ֵݻ㱨һϽţŸ߲ڿϲ֮£϶ҲŭΪⲻλݿ̫ʦֵģǱ;ݿѲʹⷢ֡ġ
֪Ϊʲô㿴ݵɽ鱨𣿣
Ҷ̲˵
һ͵أݿڣӾȻδ֣صְʦͷ
亹죬ųųлһ˿ңһְе
ְֻ
Ҷһż䳰ݰݻʿ뿤ô£˵ΨһᡣҲŵִʩϣǰȥǹţţʩϿ϶а취֪
䷢
ŵŭһܳܣӶ޴ӡһţ
һ̼ױˣңͨһݵɥ޶ۣʦˡһǰһݻʿǰݷõӣ˵ҪݿռһЩи㡣ӱ룬ǲݿڳ֣ݿҲѰɢޣһĴѰֻҪǲΣİȫݿҲϵ󡣡


208 ϴ
ҶƳһ۰ݵڵϵ棬ʵô˵ֻ˰ݻŵĺô
ӾޱѡݻֻһСţݾŴ֮ףôܱŸͶݻš
漱æ
Ҷû˼ȥЩ⣬˰ݻŶٺô
治æݻÿ¸һǧʯ˵İݻݿѰŵĲ죬õӰæǵ顣֪ǳɽȥģ֪ɽ˼ֵǵ֪ʯ԰ݻŵжӶ
ҶЩ׹
ݻΪ˱⾪ţǮ档ݻҲҪʲôֻҪۣǵһжʱǡ
ÿһǧʯһ飬ͨʿ˵Ѿһľ޶ʯˡţһӿ޵ڣÿǮҲʮ顢ϰٿѡ
ŵԶɽţ׹ȵҳԱʮ࣬취ЩôҲ֮顣κһͨʿ¶޷װĲƻġĶⲢ⡣
Ϊһʯ㼸۹ɽظø˰ݻšҪ֪°ƤƵĶˣ
ҶЩЦȻ
ʦֻҪʦĵһԸΪʦţΪر
ƴͷɫ׵
ҾȲ㣬ֻܾԼҵĵݿڵмϸڸһĻᣬݿеļϸͽаݻŵ̽ӶɱˡҪôҪô㿼
Ҷҡͷ˵Ƿϸ۹ɽ鱨ܺдáֽ鱨д˶ݣźܷ⣬ŷϸѲʹӡ뻳УȻ鷿ȥ߰ɣһȥá
ǣ
ɫ԰ףæں档
ʦ壬ҪʲôҲһŭĸų鷿û뵽һֱ𱣻ȫ̫ʦȻ˰ݻŵĺô
ֻҪǰִȥǡ
Ҷҡͷ
ʦ鷿ţ˳æšǶڳҶĸ棬ΪЧ
һ˷ؿá
ʮسʮʿ仹ϣξֵ顣
տõλĿɨڴ󳼣̫ʦһ£ѾһǨգаǨʳȫս߹أ׼ӭ֡
ϵ󳼺ʿԣȻ
ҪĴ£ΪֻǸ̫ʦ˶̶һ˾һʱֻĶѣαʦڰʮնǨߣ
ΪҪսѵ۹ܱ֮У˭Ҹ۹ս
ҪĴʳڵʳ㲻࣬һǶȱ
֮в˷׷״ŭ
ϵǼǼҲƷ񣬼ݿӵǧЩﶼҪũ֡ѿеİǨˣһּ֮ǵ˭֣ǶǨգҲẵôãҲûдݿİǨߡ
տֱǸǵ⡣
ʮʿҲɫ죬ƺûԤϵտͻȻľ֮м˰нɫ
ҶϸĿÿһʿɫ
ԣ֮ǰûдǨգȥôһС˾϶Իڣ⼸ڹƻ˿̫ʦɱˣ
֮һ佫ĴϯָҶʦߵĭɴ
Ҷֻǿһۡ
Ҫı֣ݿļϸͰݻ̽Ӷҳ⣬쵹ùľ档
֪Ψһᣬȵ˰Ӿ£̴ն
ǽɫȻ䣬ֵĴ𣬡̫ʦӦð⼸ץΪҪɱ
̫ʦݿԿһٹʡǱΪ̫ʦʲô֪Щ֮˭⣬˭Ǽϸͽ̫ʦ֪һ
飬Ǯ̫ξ̫λᣬͨĲ죬һնãΥ֮һն
淢ˡҪЩ󳼿ִҶ´ϴڼͽҶ⡣
⣬һϰֳǿľ󺺣ƻĴ󲽳ãǿһһϸ֡󽫾롢Ǯһ£նס
ͣ
֮䣬ĿŵѪͷ­⡣
һƬţԭڴ󳳴ֵǣʱһɫɱļ󳼣ǸղŽԵˡ
ҶҶǷ⡣
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ

ֻǳͽ󳼣ԶԶڵʿ֮У϶аݻŵ̽ӣЩ˲ΣաҪѰݻŰڿ̽Ҳһݿ˷ˡɱ˰ݻŵ̽ӣ֤
һָϵʿ䣬ˡˡˣǰݻŵļϸɱˣ
ϰ׵ľ󺺣̽ǰΧеľǿ׼ˡ
еʯϵǿٽԴ͸һסһپƵǿ䣬ԶԸʵڵͽʿķ֡
̫ʦʲô
ÿ¸ʯڷˣ
ǼʿʱɫȻվԼʩӻ֣γ鵶齣ǿʿš֮һʿʣ˶ڣΪһء
ɱˣ
һģһ֡
쬡쬣
ϰٵľȥʿȻʧɫ齣ֵܼεֵʮʿڣˡ
һʿٳȥ
Ӱ˹ȥ
ͣ
һնɱ
գۼ䣬ݻŵʿɱ
Ҷסʾһ¡
Ƕȥʿѳ˲мݻŵơϲЩﶼ
ʦ壬ݻŵ̽Ѿնɱڵʿֻͨɢޣǰݻŵˡڿ¶Ӻ
ɱ˰ݻŵʿ֮Ҷ
鱨ҹԽš֮ǰȻְҲ㽫̡
Ҷ˵ͷӻóһź
һﴫԶֻ۹ŵ·̣ԶֹҪ鱨ʿ͹ȥ
ҶܲȥҪźԼҪݿӦݻţ뿪
лҶʦ
һ㶣ϲ˫ּĽӹһ鱨ܺ
⣬֮󣬿ͷ˵һѲʹڵɽڣŽǰԮ
Ҷһ£
ܵģŸ߲յ鱨֮źλ𵤳ϻʱȥδãιϷֵɽĺô߲֮һƤʱǰݿ֧Ԯ
֪һѲʹڵɽ϶飬ʱǲһŵʿΪŵĵŮӨ֧Ѳʹ֮ڡ
Ѳʹ۹
һ
ֻǲݿڣҲֲȥźˡȥɣг̣
Ҷ
ǣϸţӸˣ
治˼ź뿪ãݣ뿪ݳǣңԶŶȥ
ʦ壬̫ʦҪźȥţδźȥţתͶ˰ݻţǹһ񣿡
ҶԣЩɻ
һȥִҪ񣬵ȻġʦߣǸЯһܺҵףһ·ǰţȷҪ鱨һʧ͵š͵֮Ȼǵ͡ǱţԼԹ˱ˡ
ҶЦóܺһ޴סˡһ·һ·˫رգ⵼鱨źδ͵š
Ҷ֣Ƕǰȥ
ʦæܺ޴˹ȥǶûݣҶסǶݿ֮˻죬Ϊûʵõʯ˻ԵȻԸ׾ܾ
Ҷ飬շڡ

һٵ嵽һѪ븮ڣҴãһݵ󺰣߹ؼϹʮͻȻұ߹عش󽫽Ԯ
ʲô
ϹΪιұ߹򣡣
ǺȻʧɫ
տ¶֮ɫҶ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ݻźܻܿٿϹٽݿڹȻˡ֮죬Ƴ֮͡ǰûκףͻȻʮ߹ء
ⲻֻһ֧ȷ档ϹаʮһڶݿݻǲϧϹĹˣҲҪȡݿĵɽ
Ҷҡͷ
յ˵ͷһӦ֮ߣ˿̲ţһ׵佫´󽫾̵ݳʮϸ߹֧Ԯ

ǽ佫ֽӹá


209 ߹
ڵʮسǣͱǰⳡѪϴס
ǿһʵݿѾˡ
ǰտ̫ʦڣһҶʿͿ̫ʦһ˽»֮һжˡ
պ̫ʦȫɫ£ڳʦ壬ϹϾ
տ̫ʦΪʦ壬ʲôݣ۹м󣡣ҲֻŵĶ洫ʿʸ񱻶˳Ϊʦ塣
ڻʮʿ䣬Ҷ񣬾ǼСɢޣŶ˵̫ңԶ̫ˡ
Ҷʿʾ£տĬϣ̫ʦһɱһ󽫾ͽɵ飬̫ξ̫Լʿ䡣
سͷ⣬Ĵ󳼶ˣҲû˸ҷԿ
λҶʿҪԵֻҪ
տ´ĶõִͨС
ǲҷԣСǲ˿и
佫ȫսͳݳפʮ֧Ԯݿı߹򡪡ϹءϵʿУ̿͡
ͬʱĳǴݿڵĴҲʼģǨ㣬ǰ۹ݿ
ҶҲûţﴫóдϵɽڵ۶ӨƼλŶ洫ӣǰݿ֧Ԯ
ʦ壬Ҫʲô
տ´֮ʣµȥִɣҪȥʡλһʱ䷴¿
ȥϹأϹʮϹأȥΡ
Ҷ
ϹغܹؼذˣϹֱݿڣ֮ǰŬرȫ׷ѡ
ܿ췢һСС鷳汻ȥ֮տû㹻ʵʿҳԱݿܳ⡣
һȥɣ
ã
տȻһЦظլһɵŮʽӼ֮漴Ͽһ֧ɵĽҶһϸϹء
ҶδУҲǰ
Ҳʱ䡣ΪݳǾϹֻжٶСһҹִܵٶȺܿ졣һСӣݳǵʮִϹء
ݿڵĶʮʮפݳǣפϹأһЩɢֲڿڵĸСسǵݿܡ
ݳǳǳפرϹҲѹصأұݿֻȡɧЩسǡ

Ϲء
۹ݿϹһƬɽΨһһذƽפؾСʮ
ҶСһ··;ϲʱСɵͲݿܣûʲôݿܸҲȥϮ֧˵ľСӡ
һеִϹصʱԶԶɱ졣
ȻϹ¼ҽս
ҶһϹ£տпţϹسڡ
ǴҴҵϹڼսĳͷ
ͷǧɫƤ׵ĹڳϹ׵ĵоͳǹƴɱϳͷĵо
سǵһֳִؼ׻ȾѪĴ󽫾տһȺʿٱ߹صϳͷɴϲæߵݣɳƵ飬ߵ
ض񣡱յоϮľ֮Ѿݳǵıǰ֧ԮֻǱϹذΣһˣܿϵھΣ
շѯʵ
սʮֳԽǰϹͻȻʮ˷ƵַϹء̶գǳµĵоʬֻ²¶֮ࡣؾͬʧأѾһ
΢ԭΪ̽ұ߹ʵ±뿪ڿ־ڱصãϧκδ۹ϹءϹûԮٹֻ±Ҫơ΢δϹ˷񣡲ٱ߹أɱԮܹʿ
˵ϹĴǣɳ˾¡
һô֮ߣ
ϹĶʮǾ඼ϵʿ䡣ϹصؾҪǿܶࡣ
赣ģݳǵؾڱܹԮڵľʻж٣
տ̸ϸ顣
ҶԼʩһ֣ڽսĳͷ
ֻ·һƬԭҰϣһ߼ʵϹӪʿ
ϹľֳƤܣڻʮײǳ̧ϰټʳӣϹصĳͷͳ幥ǡ
ͷϵĹڳ·й̵͹ãһľҡͷµĲҽ˷޷ֹϹӵķ͹ĸ߽߹˳ͷͳͷϵĸ߽߽ɱ
ͷ£оͬҲڳͷϷ
ͷϲʱؾʿ䱻е¡
ǧ֧ʸ䣬ɱ졣
żмʸҶָ
ҶվڳͷϿš
ҵĳͷսͨļʸв
Ҷ΢΢üͷĿһϢԼԿһŨŨѪɷϹսʿı꣬Щĸꡣ
ǲ졣ΪʿŨҵѪɷǰȻеܺͲ

ʱ֣ϹϹһգδܳɹ½ʬ壬ȥصϹʮ֮ϹľӪ
ֻһЩɢĵоʿ䣬ʰ߳ͷ¶ѻСɽʿʬ
ͷؾҲƣץʱϢջسʬ塣ؾͬд˱ҪΡ
ҶʼվϹصĳͷųһ㱻ߵʿʬףĬȻ
ʮǰһС´ԺһѧӡʱڴҲǳΪһ߽ߣΪһԱ佫볯͢ΪЧ
һȥΪһ߽ߣսɱ
սɳһȻ˵
ǲսǷӣ׵ٻ½磬Ȼãȥ
ǻԵɺϣɸŻᣬΪ㿤ǰԵǣ̤֮·Ϊһߡ
̶ʮ޿ɹΪѲʹǰݸӲ׹ȣѾܷΪƸΪ꣬ƿһ׵۹ˡ
ǣų±Ұʬ壬ܲ˿ϲá
ȻҲ˸С
սƬݴ½ϴûһͣϢҪô׹֮սҪôŲٿ֮µսպݴ½ɽͶս
ᣬδƽϢ
ɶ洫Ѳݸϣϰս
ռҶڴս˼ʲôδ
ֱɫڣҶڳͷϣһױˣʦ壡
ҶͻȻӳ˼֮оѹͷգͷЦЦ
ʦ壬ϹصؾӭսϹʮӦܹסաݳǵʮִ֮󣬳µϹʮΪ壡󿤵ı֧Ԯ֮󣬾ϹٹҲ޷Ϲء
Ҷ˫֮дżֳ羴˵ҶѪʱպñϹжǰһȻڵľҪȫ෴벽
˵Ϲϧʿ˵϶аݻŵĶʿƬӪ֮УϹءЩݻʿǳ֣ϹֻһҲزס
Ҷҡͷ
кܶʿǻ᲻֣
һ
֪˵ͨʿԵֵʿأȡϽ׼׾١ѽɱˣٶʿҲҪ߽⡣
ֻ֪ܶġİݻŵʿţԼ֣ƾϹıڶʱڰϹع¡ϹױԹϹأݻŵʿǲ׳֡
ҶЦ
ܼ򵥣ԼϹصؾס⹦ȥɱϹĽ죬һָͷҲᶯʿȥɱ޷֮ɲʲôֵҫ顣ǰǱƼˣŻ顣
赣ģѾﴫټλѲʹܺܿϵϹ֧Ԯ


210 Ԯ
Ϲس⣬ϹʮӪʮڣƻͨյѪս˲ʿ䣬ռܱߣڶ̶̵ȴǼΪˡ
ӪڣȺϹȺ磬輧輧ݺ衣
ϾƣλԡѪսһ죬ҹĺȣٹգǹϹأɱݳȥ
ǹЦһӵұƱյѰ֡
ʮɫ۵ʿӪ⾭ŵҾüͷ
ǰһɫߣǰݻšȵһȺʿǲĸŲٿϹңǰϹء
ŲģӵɽǰϹأ鿴Ϲӵû뵽ĳ
Ӫ֣֮иƾݿ
ƳӪڳ̬¶ڽһۣƲ
Щ춼Ҫ˵ˣܻһһաֻҪܹϹأȥɣ
üͷҡҡͷתʿ뿪
ֻ£ٳٹϹءֱӴһӵȥϹأɱǵؽϵĶʮϹأ
룬˵
ԶϹأá
۹ĵ۶ݿŵϹŵʿô죿
ſһۣ㲻ɱŵʿ޷ɱĽ졣ɱʿǸֱӿսɱǲɱ
⡭
ⲻӣ˿ֱɱˡ
飬
Ϲ۹սֻ֮սӰޡֱӳʿŵʿһͻΪݻź֮Ѫս
ҰݻŵʵԸ۹ȻסֱӶֶԸֱӻһʵ۱ǣҲȥϹıݿǽɱǵˣűɱ֮սҰݻмʤ㣿
ޱ顣
ŵĻʤ㼫ͣ
ⲻòͷ
ʵشѾˣʤ㼫ͣǺʤ㡣ݾŴ֮׵ţ³ֵСܺ
ǣҪɽҪͻοⳡͻ
ɻ
Ϊ龡Ҫǵ顣
ų
޷־棬ľ棬ϹռݿսܷݿҰݻ˳פɽŲ֪ɽļֵĬ档
еȵľ棬ǰݻźŸֲٿ׹ȵı໥ɱɽŴ֮䶨µĹռɽĻҶܱʵصΪ˽ǡ
ľ棬ǰݻʿŵʿֱɱһˣ˱ˡˣǿϳ˶ڣϵʿջҰݻŻᵹù
ݻȻҪȡΪľ档ľʧܣͼеȾ档򲻵ѣſľ档
ϸĽ͵ĵӣݻŵδļ̳ˣҲĵĽ͡
ף
ͷֵȥϹӼսϹأжʮϹȡڶڹؾϹأ

սֻͣϢĶ̶̶ʱ
ʱ֣Ϲһʳݣͬ˳һٶҹϹء
Ϲسͷؾ˼ٵţڳͷ˯ŵؾ׷ӿĵо£ϳʿڼʸ
ⳡѪսһֱ
Ҷһֱڳͷս
ϹصؾԽԽ٣ʧΪأֻʣ²ȥճǳرᱻơ
ģʧڿԳܷΧ֮ڡݳǵʮܿ
ʱ֡
ĵɽâ
Ҷʲôɳȥ
ĵâӨλˡ
ʵܲӨһ˶Կݻŵʿ̫ˣҪ㹻ǿİ֡ʿֻܰ
ĵâһŮʿӰϹصĳͷ
ӨƼѲʹ
ͷϲʿ俴˷ɵˣоļҲϾ࿴ƴͳϳͷĵоɱ
λʦʦ֣
Ҷһ
Ҷʦܣյ㷢ﴫϢ̸ݿһ͵ĵɽأ
ӨһϮЦݣȲѯʵ
ƼΡڵ۶棬ѾһûҶλ߾ѲӵСʦܸˡֱҶﴫžҪ
û뵽ǣҶĴһĺϢ߾ݿھȻһµĴء
ϱţĹһ϶ܹõ޴Ĺѫͽ
ĵǣλʦܾȻûжռ⹦ͣ鱨ܷһֹ͡
ֻΡƼҲǵģҹӵ۶Ǽٵģ׻ϲһ
ȻģԽɽڲ̽һ͵ĻϵءЩѾȷɣҲӨʦ˵¡
ҶЦ
ӨɴϲҶܵ˵ݹͱʵʵڵõ֡
Щɻ󣬡ΪذУЩɱô£⣬⼸һߵϹӪܲ
⡭
ҶЩЦ
ʵӨﴫʱֻ˵Լһɽδ˿ἰݻŵ顣
ǵģһ֪кܶݻʿǰðԮӲݻŵĻ˷ʱ
ӨƼΡ˵˽⣬ȫܵġӨԣðաΡᡣкôǺܸȤҪðճԿ̶ֻ࣬ԶԶġƼбӨӦӨա֪Σգ˿²
Ҷ֪Өһһ˳
ֵɽݻŵĽšȺʿͼԵɽأٵݻŲٿϹĴݿ
Ҷ˵꣬Ө˵ɫʱȫˡ
Ҳ˵ɽݻŵĴȺʿռţʲôⲻ𣿡
һɫʱס
ӨʦãﲻȫǾ뿪ȻѲӣ϶ϣաݻнʿɱǣ練ƣ
Ƽ鵣ǵֻӨİȫ鲻ᡣ
ʿʲôãǰݻһλʿһȺʿĶ֣ʲôĺôһӣմҲմӨʦã̳ȵŵĽ𵤳ϴˣ٣
ҲһԼæ˵ں޲뿪
ҶԷһۣлǰһôֻռˣðյĺ£ֵôôֲðգˣֲɡ
ߣһݴǰΪʲôҪ뿪ҵ˵ʲôҲɣһ󹦸Ҳ£ҶʦһݿһҲû뿪ҲúõʿΪηҪӣҪߣ
ӨȴˣӵĿκͿһۣǶ˿
ҶҶʦܣǰӦòԵ޹ʵİɣҪĶĻˡ˵ǰЩʲô


211 ݷ
ӨҶ˹ȷĿģ޵Ҷһ˰ȫռһݡһءĹѫǰֹѫ
Ҫ֪ȫҶһ˷ֵġҶǲ֪ͨǣԶ۶˿֪д¡
ŵӱǲִи񣬻ݵִõŵĹѫµĹԽɵԽãѫȻҲԽߡ
Ѳһءĺѫſ϶ָ߽ͣ׷߽鵤߽ײϡ伮϶Ǻģ㹻һ洫һҹĳ̶ȣʮ겻ʯöȣŶĽ
ԼǷһأҲ϶ԸͬŶ洫ӷĹͬ͡ţҲھ
ҶƫƫͬˣǴһݹ͡
ƼΡ˶ɵҶҶǰʲôҶһܸɳɣǲɲ˵飬Ҳδؾ
ҶɻĿ⣬вɿЦ
ûʲôġ
ǵһ飬Ҫȥ
Ѿɽϸ鱨šӦûһɴָϵڵĵǣݻżϹı۹ݿֱʿǰɱ졣Ŵʿϵ֮ǰݻʿݿ͵ɽһռˣϹ֮ڣʱǿ˵Ϲݿǰݻŵĵ̣šĻŽʮֱǶݿǶصɽأӳ
Ҷˣ˵
ӨͷЩ׹
ŴҲҪأ֮仮׹ȵĵ̣˭׹ȣȵĵ̱˭Ż˹أͲðˣɽ綼ס
ݿ͵ɽڰݻŵ޷ռݵĻֻǿջϲһҶʦܹõĹֻ»ۿۣ϶ּ
ҶʦܳϹأؾǾֹݻŲٿϹıռ۹ݿ
Ө˵ţɻʵǣһǲףǰʲô
Ϲ֮սѾȫ̵ĵƻܿǿϹʮϰ޷Ϲأ˵ռݿˡǣҵĵǰݻʿϹݿ߳ŭ֮£ѡִɱϹص졣
鷢ĿԺܴ䱻ȴȡжԣҽÿʦ֡ʦֶˣǰȥݻŵʿֱӸ߰ݻţŵĶ洫ѾˣòҪͷŻǽб
ҶվڳͷϣƽԭϵϹӪͷ˵
ȥݻŵʿݻſһʿʮʿȥѨʲôΪʲôԼȥ
κͿԣʱһ
Ǻ˿ʲô
ȥûãҲŵͨ洫ӣݻδصһ¡ʦ֡ʦֲͬǶλŽ𵤳ϵãλأֻҪǶ˵ԼݣǰȥݻݻʿݻŲСɣǿ϶ҶǶλôǶǰȥȫŻסݻš
ݻŲ֪ǵʵǲֻ֪ǼвŶӳϹأ϶ɱ죬ֻϹıһǶסݿĻ
ҶЦ
ӨĿһǳðպʹ̼ϲҶʦܵⲻŻŻǡȥĻŵŮݣݻŸҶȥһǣ
УӨʦȥ
Ƽе
ӨʦȥãŮӣȥ˲ףֻܶλʦȥ
Ҷæԡ
һʼûӨȥʦ֪ĶӨȥΣյĵطƤֻܿضǰȥѳӰҪСܶࡣ
κͿȻҲӨȥðա
Ө˶ԣֻǺðɣʦ֡ʦ֣ǶȥȻҪݹͣҪʲôǶǰȥݻҲҶ
һŻסǣݻĶ֣
ض˻ǺܲԸ⡣
ݻŴ˶ɣûºֵ¾ĸһѪսҶǡ
Ҷҡͷ
ڵɽ㿴һˡݻŵȻסɽڣȴٳûɱڵĶǧѰɢʿ֤ݻŵţļɡ
˵ݻҪǸɱǧɢʿͳаţû˭𣬿϶⵽Ŵźʿȫˡ

ضһۣЩĶ
ΣղĻԸɡݹ͵ȷܴǰȥݻŵʿҲһ͡ʱŸ߲˵ܷǲٵĹ͡
ҶʦܣҲһȥɲʲôͨӣҵŵ״ӣ㹻ءҪҶˣȥҵʦʦǱ˰ݻţ
Ө˵
ʮءԣǶŶǿżܳΪʿȫһӣ˼ܶ࣬ǰȥŻݻţղ÷ִ磬϶¡
ðɣ
Ҷһ£ӦпЦҪŵͷŻסݻţҪϸضǹˣδʤΡȥǰԼƽȥˡãϿضˣŻݻʿİպܸߡ

ʱ֡
Ϲسͷ⣬Ϲľڼҽսͷ
ͻȻĽâϹصĳͷ𣬼ٷʮϹӪء
âִӪأڰͣסʿӰ
ӪڵϹʿǣͻȻֵˣɺȻʧɫʿݵڵϣ֣̿ˡλǴϹģ۹ģܷظ߸ϵˣ˿
Ŷ洫ӣ״ӣҶǰݻݻʿ
Ŷ洫ӣسϵϵãΣǰݻݻʿ
Ŷ洫ӣϵϵãǰݻݻʿ
Ҷ˵ϹľӪȻǹŻݻţҪİݻᣬҪ㣬ܰѶָסö־ɲ
ϹӪһۣݻӪڡ
ţ⣬һȺʿϹصս֣մ¶ȣ֮ɫ
Ŷĵӣʲô
ʿӣʮֳԾ
ѵѾ֪ҰݻŲٿϹݿͼĵӣʣ
һ˿ҡ
֮ǰûŵʿǴ˿ŵĵͻȻЩšݾŴ֮׵ţͷѾɽ硣˭Ҷŵģ
ĵӡ֪ǵĶ޷϶ʲôȲǣ̽̽ǵĿڷ磬ǵĵϸ
ųվ뿪Ӫʡ
ǣ
æͣȻԸʿǰȥʿ
ܿ죬һݻŵʿӪڳȥҶ˷ӭݻλʦӪһ룡
Ҳǰݷõʿһλ״ӣλ𵤳ϵĵϵãһλĵλȵϰݻŵˡ
ðݻŵͨʿ̧ͷ
Ҷء˵ݣʵ治ʲô״ӡ𵤳ϵϵűȱȽǣҳʮϰǰݻǸСɣõóֵĶʿָҲֻλơ


212 
˷ɽϹĴӪڣҶǰ棬ζ󣬸ݻʿһӪʡ
ʿƿӣ˽ȥ
ҶɨһۣŰݻŵʮʿ
λģǰݻŵλɫ԰Ѫ⡣
ݻţӼҶλźĶʿΪ֪ʿͻȻãĿʲôŻرܸ˵ļ棬ֻӼһŵĵϸ
⿴ҶӪڣľ
һ£ǸҶһڵɽޣڵɽĻѻɽ𶴿ڳһ¡ֻǵʱҶΪ͵Ҳûб¶ݣֻǰҶһѰɢޣûһ£ûжȻѻɽ𶴿֮ΧȺҶȻʧ֪ȥ
û뵽̶һ֮Ϲ֮ϹӪڣٶȼҶ
жʱһµˡ
ôŵĵϸ
ݻŵĵϸҶˡӰݻţʿٵʿҶһ͸һ׳졣
żһ֪
ǿѹסԼе𾪣Ŀ⾪ɲʵҶѣô㣿ŵ״Ҷ
ּˣƽ״Ҷλǿʦ֣ʦ֣Ŷλ𵤳ϵĵϵáһǰݿֵɽ֮󣬱ʦŴšʦһֹھɽλʦ֮һ⣬Ϲػвʦ֡ʦܣֻҪϹؽİȫԲǰݻᡣ
ҶЦΪ˵Ŀضˣһ߲ɫŻݻʿ
˵ݵλֻ߲͡
λʦǰݻᣬ֪кָ̣
оɣڻǳ
Ӫڵʮʿ˳Ķˣͼѹ
Ҷ˰ݻŵʿһۣЦûӪڵȺʿ
ݣŹǰݻݻţɲǵ˶ٿûϵǴǾͰݻ֮Ŵս
ݻŵţµģ
ζ˴ʱҲû¶ɫ˵Ȼľǻڶŵ档ֹŴİѰʿӵеġ
ݻʿҶضˣμ׾вŵӵȣССɿɱȡ
ָ̲ҵֻһʣ
Ҷ⣬۹ŵ۹ݿڵĵɽŵĵ̡˽ռɽֵϹ۹ݿ֪ʲôͼ
һ£û뵽Ҷôɴ࣬żɽָ𣬾Ͳָıˡ
ݻʲôͼⲻ
һʱܿ췴Ӧʱʾ
Ҷʦ⻰ɲ԰ݴ½׹ȣսݣ㹥ң̲㣬˾ռߵ顣ϹĹԼĵ̫Сϣ۹ܸݿûؽ˵Ϲ
ҪӲ˵ĻԭҲһСѣΪųĴַڶ̶̰һӴ׵۹ԭһС̲ݹΪһݿ̲ϹΪβ̲ݣ
Ц
ĿҲǰ׸ġΪҵɶȡݿݻſ˹򣬰ϵ׶Ҫָ㡣
Ҷüͷ
Ʊȥĺѷֱ棬˭ռ
˷ǰĿģݿ̵ĹһݻţðݻʿԸϹصؾӶΪŴʿȡ㹻ʱ䡣
Ϊ˱ݻŷصͼõİ취ǰѰݻʿעе۹Ϲսϡ
ǽ󵽣۹ȻѾݿռˣƬȻ۹ϹȻҪұһݿ˭
ҶɴӪϥ
ζ
ҶЩơҶ£ȻûǶʲô
һʱ֪ܿˣ
ҶصһЦ
ݻŵʿؿˣ֪Ҷʲô«Ĭ
ʱ֣ͻȻϹسͷϣĻԮԮˣ޴ʮϹӪڣš
Ҷжʱ󶨡ݳǵĵһʮԮҹ̣ڸϵϹءϹصؾʵ̴
ݻŵʿһۣȴɫ䡣
Ϲر㲻ù򣬳Ԯ͸ˡ
ܿ죬һݻʿҴҽӪڣ⸽ϹأʮԮϹʮѾϹءҪıУ
˵ĶָľԮ
ͷһŭҶ
סˡ
һ֣Сʤһ㲻ϹݿҪ۹סݿϹսֻǰݻŶսšѡŷ㵽סǣϹصλ
ҶЦ֣Ρ뿪Ӫʡ
ŻѾŻˣʣµľͿݻŵķӦ
κͿЩͷԣҶ˵һʾĻ뿪סݻţ
˺ܿ뿪ϹľӪȥϹصĳڡ
ʱݻŵţһ飬Ӵ֡
ţ
Ӫʿæӭ
ŹȻݾŴ֮ף洫ӣɫͬһ㣡˵ƣ˿һȺʿ
ɨʿ
ʿɲвΪȻ˼˺ôҲ״ӡʿϵƵȻ
Ҷɽ֪ɽڵһǰѵɽ鱨͸ţĿǰŸ߲Ѿ֪ɽΰ죿
Щ
ŵʿѾݿΪľ棬Ѿɥʧʿ˼ƺҰݻֱӻƴҪ׹ȵսֵ̡ҰݻҲǲСӲ˵ҪϹս۹ץϹȫϹأϧһУݿ
˵
ǣ
æ
̷ԸȥץϹİҵıҲȻˣ·;ңԶҪʱ䡣
ϹصĴսû˿ļ󣬷ɱĸӵĺҡĴڣϹԴԴϸͬʱ۹ʮҲʮڣִݿϵϹس¡̶̰ڣϹۼİ


213 ɴִ
ŶŵģֻǵϹ۹ϰ
ҶӨʿϹسͷųϹӪ
ݻšһڰݻʿϹӪڣÿһնеĹϹسͷϼҵս֡
ȻʮԶ˫ܹܵǿҵĶա
ȥʲôʱϹأ
ݻʿĽǡ
Ϲ߰ʮ۹ʮͱϹ߾⡣
һٶţʲô
Ӫʮ﷽Բʿ飬һȥ޾ϹصĳͷطޣվһĴֻڸԵľӪʱ׼ַ󹥳ǡ
ıҲҪ²ܺꡣ
ЩݻʿϹľӪȴʲôˡ
޷ֱȥɱʿ䡣ӴıҲ޿κΣʿҲɱʤɱʿķޣҲߵʱһʿķľǸͨҲû̫
ս֮Уʿʱ뿪ʿ֮Ӳ˵ĻĽǱʿҼҵɱʿһ㲻ֱӲս
ݻʿٳٹϹأƼˣɴɳһʵʿϹǰսҪҶءȶʿԾʤҿһ޴ĶעݻŶʿʤˣűóϹءݻʿˣϹ˱
Ҷһ仰Ѵݻʿ»ȥ¹ش޷ҪҪȥţݻŵһʤ
ǰݻʿԣʱƲ˻ȥ
ʲôЦ
ôսܴʮʿ֮ӱΪݾŴ֮׵ţ
ݻʿȥ֮ųĬã޹ա
ݻԭ˼ֱѹȥ
һµʱת˲š
ҶΪĵĴɱ¼ûз
ϹȫϹأÿڳϳµʿ䲻ǧˣޱȡݻΪ˱ʿֱӼսֱ
ϹصսһУҶһ
ֻױսϹسǸվдʿԮסϹصİ൱

һգһҳǧɵĴͷ緫Ϲصǧɵĸ߿աҴͷΦˣŵģʿڷɴԵ·Ϲع
ķ췫Ųټܶ೤䶼Ĵͷ췫ɡȻʹʿҲǳ㡣
ɴ
ģ˵Ĵ
Ϲֳֵǹƴսĳǧʿţ׷ͣͷոߴһĪľ޴ֻŴͷӿ˳һӴɴͷǵĳͷաѵҪⳡս£˴˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ŵķ
ߣȥţ
ϹسͷҶսʱϲôͷֱʿִʱ䣬лҪ˺ܶࡣ
ӨƼοˣݿգһͬǰ
ϹڣâҴͷϡ
ɴװϣһߺͼ𵤳ϣڶʿԼʿЦǡǰȥŵ棬ʦ߶ҲʿȺĺҶļüŪۡ
Ҷݼʦλϣλͬʦ֡
Ҷʩͬʱд󶨡ȻλʿһٶʿʿŴ˹ԸݻŴ´ࡣ
ôˣһΪʦʦأκ˴󹦣
Өţһ˹ȥ
ƼΡʿҲæݼźͼ𵤳ϡ
żӨ£ǺǴЦӨû£ͰˣЩ죬һֱİȫˣ֮˭ڵɽ
ɽҶʦô
Өһͷˮ
ΡƼ˶ǲ⡣ֻ֪Ҷֵĵɽȴ֪Ҷڵɽڷ顣
֮ǰڵɽڣѾˡ֮󣬱˵ɽ鱨
ҶЩǸĳ˵
֮ǰ˵һѲʹڵɽȴ˵˭Ϊ˹ĥٳٲǰ֧Ԯ
ѲɵĲ
Ҷס
ϵĵȻԸΪϵһɵˣִɴ䣬һ㻹Ǻġɽ鱨ϱϸҲֻҶλſܹܵĵӨء竣
Ůգݼүү
տЩдݼš
ŵһС͵Ϊ۹Ļʵۣտʵ۵ʮŮ֮һ
ŴŵĽʿʿûʺã״СȣֳΪҡңӶƿظĵ̡ͼΪӴ׹˿ڡ
ŴҪ׹ȵĿȨõֶηӵźѪͳ¾λҳԱҵĴ󳼽ʿģǹ͢ʹɱ
ҵҲżһ˥䣬ˣ֧Ҳ޿ɱ˥ձʿĺȡ
ţնɣڿɺã
Ŵĵͷ
ŮܷΪݿ֮ѾкЩûмˣһֱһаãֻǾ֮ἰ˼үүүүпգȥ۶
վȻص
˵ص֮󣬱ȥ
˵ţ΢̾Щ˼׹ȵĶӡԷû츳ʿδȻûԵȥһ׵ٻ󣬳Ϊ֮ĵ׹ϵߣҲһһαʮꡣ
ߺͷ֮һ޴ĺ蹵ȻӣҲߵԽԽԶ׶ٶ껹绪òʮȴѾʼȥ
ռ䣬ûжѯʡȻǵŮֻվ࣬ӨһС
һ֮ʿĻصΪעݿ͵ɽ
ҶŻм𵤳ϣݿһʱսݻĻݻŵĽ棬ԼϹ۹ݿ
ݻŵĽšһȺʿһһֱûκζ
ݿ۹ƿ֮У
źͼ𵤳ϣҶ֮в죬ɶҶ࿴
ǰ·;֮УʵѾ׼
ǾǰݻƾʵѾݿ£ȵĵ̣۹ɽҲһݻ˵СŸ̲ҶӨʵ̫޷ݻŶľ治Ϊ档
Ļʮֵ鷳
뱻òþֶΣݿ͵ɽûʱ
ŵȻƾۺʵǳİݻšǣǿȥ
û뵽ǣݿȻ۹ŻȨ
Ԥϵõľ滹Ҫúܶࡣ


214 ޶
źͼλŽ𵤳ϣҶϸ㱨ѾĿǰݻšϹ۹֮ơҸҶṩĵɽһͼиĲǶԵɽҲָơ
źڳһۣѾĬľؼڶ԰ݻŲȡжȰѶҶӨ˵Ľͷȥ˵
˴˷뿪Ѳ۹ֵɽأһʱıסݿúܺáգȡǵŽ͡
ŵЦתǰɴĴڡ
ŵĴͷ˴һȺʿ֮⣬һʿʣб˶˵Ʒ
ҶӨƼΡæϡ
ɴϣϰʿڵӣĽʵҶӨʿȥȡ͡
񣬶һĽ͡
ԽãȻԽߡ
һأڿĻԵ
ɽڵصأꡢǧػ𲻶ͨʿ޷ֵɽĴڡֻеػӿʿֵܷص׵춯ֵɽ
ԣǰŵǰ۹ݿѲӣҲδֵܷɽĴڡ
ֻеɽҶӨǡѲݿײĴˡ
ֺһʿ

ŴҶӨ˽˴ڡ
ҳǧɵĴͷռΪ޴󣬹᷿ټ֮ࡣ⣬ڶڻʵĲֿ⣬ͬټ䣬˸鵤ҩšʯƵȵȡ
Ϊ˱ȡƷֿ϶ֱ˸ʵࡢ
Ҷֿ⴦Щֿ⣬𾪡
֧ԮжȻǴֱʣҷڵʣ㹻Ӧʿһʿڣ۹ݿפ
ûŵĺڲһʣʿϺü꣬Ҳ׾ٵ顣
ݻҪſսһҲ㹻ŵʿʹúܳһʱˡ
ѲΪ˾޴ĹѫɽһأԴԴϵΪŴĻϵֵܼԹ㹻ھ֮áźڳ飬˸Ǽ¹֮⣬˼ֵһʯĽͣǿԼѡҪҪ߽鵤ɵ伮֮࣡
Ц
ֵһʯĽͣ
Ҳ˵ÿֵܷʮʯͣ
Ρ໥һۣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ľ𵤳ϵĵϵãʿֵʮʯ͵ĺôǿһʾ޶ĲƸһĸ߽׷Ҳʯ
ÿ˶ʮҶʮÿ˸ʮ򡣴˷ֵɽҶĹôݡи֮СݡͲֿͬڵĸʣǿżֵɡ
ҡͷ˵ĹʹСǷֱĳġȻĵŮӨҲСڣҲΪСʧƫġ
ֻʮ򣿣
ΡЩʧһ롣
Ҳû
ʵϣҶѲ߽ɽ鱨ݻϹأЩûʲô¡ǸʱǻӨι۶
յϢҴҸϹأǰȥݻһ˰ݻŵҲҶͷ
ӨƼŮʿԴҲδһ룬ҲǼֵʮʯĽͣѡĸ߽׷
Ҷͷһ뵽ʲôɸڣȱʯѻδڡ
Ŵˣڴոֿţѡַ鵤ƷΪ͡
Өεڲֿѡ˲ٷǳ⡣
ҶҪʲô
ſҶһۣѯʵҶź棬ʼûκƷ
ʦûеʺϵķ
ҶЩĲɵĴŲֿڵĸɫȴ¶Ϊ֮ɫһ׽ҪһƵķɽ磬͸ʮʯɣͷȥʦƷɽ
ֻҪʯ
Щȡ
Ө˶һЩķ
һ߽ױϵ˪佣ʯŶͼ㣬ʯһָ߽鵤Ҳϵı˺üɡ
һõֵķ鵤ֵܼԳʮʯ
ǱŷӣǸĺô
ҶҪΪ͵ĻѷļǮһЩҶܵõĺôôɱȵʮʯҪϺܶࡣ
ֻҶԼĹǣʯѻѡһϺõķĻȻҲתȥʯ̫ۣǰȥԵǲУҵ㹻ңҪСȫȥֱҪʯ
ҲУ
ųһ¡ȻҶҲֿڵķҲǿΪʦʯֿ⣬ȡʮʯ
ڵһ䴢ʯĲֿ⣬򿪴Ͳֿ⣬˹⻪ҫʯ
ҶóЩװʮŽʮʯȫװЩڵɽʱʿġװЩʯЩ鷳
ҶӨ˶쵽ŵĽͣһ˷ܵ뿪ա
˴˷뿪ѲӸ׹ȣѾǳ񡣽ʲô㣿ɽǷţ
ŵЦ
Żǲȥִи񣬳֮⣬ҲϣӶһסŲܰװЩʿÿꡢʮ꣬ʿɽ
Ȼˣ㹻ߵĻǾͿԲִ
ҶӨˣǷһɽѾߡȫԷţټȥѲ
㴦ɽ֮ȥһ۶۶ǧ˿ڣǳһûмôˣ
ӨЦ
ƼκͿˣȻǸӨһȥ
ŵЦͷ۶϶Ҫȥһˡ
ҶʦܣҲһȥɣ
ӨһһֱĬҶ
Ҷһ£ȴǳ˵εɽ֮Уʵʮ΢Ӵɽչһʱ䣬Ȼټɽߡǰһֱȱ㹻
Ҳãһǻ¡֮ɽŴŵŴŸѡһ֧ʵɫʿСӣ֮Ķʮһȵšʱ򲻹ΣһŹĦⳡŴɫĶ洫ӵľѧٶ
ſҶһۣζϵġ״ӡ⣬ܸɣרֻϧҶϵȤԸΪϵһɵĺĳԱһ״ӵͷȴʼϵ֮⡣
ǣӻ׼ʱţ
Ҷͷ
ҲЩ˽⡣
ֱС󿼡
СǶڵӽһһȵĿ죬ѡһɫڵӽˣڲˡ
ǿŵĵӣǾŴŶʿ֮ıȶ
Ҳһ˶һ˵ıȣСӺС֮ıȶһʿǿҲҪʿϲУֻаܱķݡ
ѶȣȫŴܱȵϡ
ܳΪŴ֮ףΪǶÿʮһȵ֮УȡסŵΪɫǳΪʿ֮ҲΪɫ
ö֮ŲųΪݾŴŹϵĵһšŶȻΪӡ


215 չ
ҶӨ뿪ա
ڴŶǣһĽҶˡҶΪ˴ηصĹ;˶ŽͣҲӦüࡣ
ҶصŶʿĶ֮С
ҶͻҲһ飬Ĵ󲿷ʿʦʦ㣬
Щʿȴû˱ȵҶ
ҶλǰʮӣΪһȴ޿İףⳡţڵľ󲿷ʿϵ
ʿǷ׷ء
飬Ǵݻź͵ɽŽ𵤳ϣڶʿǰȻҶٳȥԸݻš
źλ𵤳ڴζԸݻš
ʦ֣ʮûзˡͽܲųɽţ˴󹦣ѵðһ𵤳Ц
ҲԵãϡ
Цݣµ¹ͣҲй⣬˵˵ɽɣڱݻռţλʦʲô
ɽݿڣݿ۹У̶šҿݻſֱӰǴӵɽ߱ǡǲߣ㶯֣
һ𵤳ɱڵ
ţΪ˱˵¹ڰԵλʦȥһˣݻŵ̸УǰѵɽĲ𶼳ߣͻ̸вУٶ֣
ȥһ˰ɣ
źͼ𵤳Ϻܿó⣬һ𵤳ֱȥͰݻ̸УҪݻ뿪ɽ

ϹسʮϹӪ
ݻŵʿҲѾгֵһҳǧɵĴͷ䷫ܿ죬Ⱥʿ˳ٵͽ׵¶ɫ
ҷӴĴǾ޴ѹȸСοϻڶʿ
ŵĴ
ֻɽľŴŲĴһͷǷĴС٣Ҫߵһʦ첻ҪʮϰС
УĴ˵ҲǺķǧڿʯӴĲҲǱز٣ҪûǮԭ϶
ҲֻоŴŲۺͲСɣû첻໨ʯȥһС
Ĵ󷫴ٶȼ죬ʺʿȽʿеٶȻ죡
ݻʿǾɲһޱȡ
ոߴķʿĵء
ݻźж޴Ĳࣿ
˵ģһҴ䷫ֳˣȫһš
սԼ䷨
˫սֻûеִսžѾʿսʶһ˹ȥˣռȻֻڰ·ƴܡ
ŲݵһţóһҴͷʿŵĴ󴬲ֹһҡżҵ֮ۺ񣬲Сſɱȡ
΢̾
Ҵ󷫴Ͽװ˴ʿҪˣҪֻ²Ƕ֣
⾪ɵ
˵
ҲѾʧȥġΪݻŵţܾô뿪ڰݻڳɥʧҪߣҲҪһЩô
˲ãһʿ뿪ͷϹӪڸݻ̸С
źͰݻŵ̸гʮա
ݻźܲľۿ͵ڵķ³ȥ
ҲκһһԴ޶ĴأҲ޷̹Ȼóȥ
Ҫ֪ǵɽһ㡢ϰ﷽ԲĻϵʯھ꣬ԴԴϻúô
ݻСռݵɽδǣʵʮ౶һС˵ô֮ԹƵġ
һָŴɣȻвٵĴСغͿɽǶĴҲӶ࣬á
ԴǰȻеӨΣԭ򡣵ǸҪǣɽȫֵǰ־档
ⳡ̸һֱ¡
ŵǿʵ̬սǿӲݻŲ뿪ҲУҪô뿪Ҫôսѡһ
Ҷ̸Щʲô
ҶӨ֪ݻŲԸſսҲһ뿪ҪһʯʵҲԸ׿սҪ֪һսַġˣһСĿ
ңŵһɽأҲںʯ˽¸ݻŴЭ飬˰ݻһʺôݻŵһЩôס棬ó˵ɽ
һԭҪսĳͻ֮С
ݻʿһ뿪ϹҲѸ˱ȥϹ۹һսֹ

ż𵤳һʿʿѸٽפݿĵɽнɽͨԭڵɽڻѰʿҲ˳ֹ˳롣
ȺʿﳤפҴӸĿūԵɽдģھ򣬻ȡϵʯ
ϾԶţûдʿأ»ᱻռݡ
⣬ɽܹڿΪΪ棬ͬʺϳﱻٳŵ֮ءӵлʿط졣
û˵ɽ˵֮󣬴Өǰȥ۶
Ҷ˴ʵʯͣڵɽһꡣ
Ҷεɽ֮УԼʵ̫ڵڶʿǵɽĽݣǰݻŵʿӦΪ˶ԸѻòɸΪ˳ɽѰʿ֡ʮΣգһСıΣա
뿪ȻΪʶþ顣û㹻ΪʵվܶʱӦ
ǿʵ
ȡڰ굽һ֮ڣͻڵ㣡㣬ʿ֮ǿһʵס
Ҷаš
ʿڰ굽һһΪ൱˵ٶȣκһʿĽʿٶҲˡ
ҶǸоԼΪϵе
ֻҲûãԪԪսǿ
ʮʯЩʯ֪ɸͷĽ׻ѻ
Ҷ뵽ɼʱ䱩ʵɱﵡ
Ľ׻ѻѾȵʿʵÿһͷ൱ڼǿһʵɸڴȺĽ׻ѻҽڼʱڣʮϰٱʵ
ݻǰռݵɽҲǴʮʿǰɸһȺĽ׻ѻѾȵϰݻһȺʿݻŵʿҲ˿η塣˰ݻŵĽڵ̫ǿ֮⣬ʣµʿ޷вҡ


216 ʮս
Ҷɽɽܶ㡣
ɽĻȵɽһŨᳵ·׼Ѱһʺϱչİ֮
ɽܶϰ﷽ԲٵĵطѰʿ̽ǻδˡеط徻չصʱܳͷܵţס
Ҷ֪һǳȫĵط
Ļѻɽ׼ڻѻɽĶڱչء
ѻɽݻźʹȺѰʿ˹һͷͽ޶ʣ¡ﶼȻߣǳԼʯұչظ㡣
ҶѻɽʱʮŵڵӣһȺǧڵĿūҲѻɽ
Ҷʦ壡
ŵӼҶ׷׹ʩŶʿ٣ǶһʿδϵãǶҶ϶ʶڵӴλŴ󿼰׼Ϊ塣
ʲô
Ҷͣ£üͷһ塣
Ҷʦ壬ЩǴϹץĿū̽һȻĸƷʻϵʯֱھԵǴЩū׼ڿʯֻһС滹Ҫūڿ󡣡
һӵڵæ͵
Ҷڿ󲻸Ȥ˵ҪﳤʱչԲ֮ڲҪжɽڿĵطǣǻطڿɣ⣬תڵӣҪɽΧ
һСӵʿһۣҷԣæͷǣȥط
ҶԸ꣬ת˻ѻɽĶڣ׼չء
ʮʿѺǧūطȥ
˲ԶһŵĶʿӭ
ʦ壡
ʮʿæʩÿ·ЩݵʿЩηλʿǱˣǷнܣһ𵤳ϵĵϵᣬ۵ܣͽ׵ӷЩͽ׵Ӵ඼ʶнܡ
ΪͽڵӣһǳƣǾǲǼһλʿͣʩ·ÿ·ƫƫŶʿֶ࣬ͽ׺
֮£ʿλߺܶ࣬ҲڡŵĽʿ٣ҲӺٻһĽʿƵʩ
нѾ۵жΣǸźͼλ𵤳ǰɽأֵɽһЩ񣬸ūڿȵȡ
飬һʲ׵õˮ
нѯǼ䣬˵ҶǰĻѻɽչأǻһطڿ
нܲüߵǶôηʲôĹأǵĿֲ£ǻȥڿ󣬾˵ҷн˵ģɽڿҪڿ̫֣ڵطúһɽƾʲôռŲڣ
ʦ壬¡ҶʦҲŵ״ӣպΪŸ߲㡣ǲȥǻһطɣɽطܴڵĵطࡣ
Щڵһ¶Ϊ֮ɫҴūȥڿ
нǶʿһλ𵤳ϵĵϵãȻܵҶҲǶʿŴ󿼰ףŵ״ӣҲǰλȷнܲ١
ǱҶҪȷнܸ߳ܶ࣬ҶŴ󿼰ףнܲǰסЩͽ׵ӿǿĺ
ҪǵҶպеСЬ
ߣƾҲΪŵĸ߲㣿˲֪һ᲻֪ȻӣǸм϶ûΪϵһɵʿպôܳΪŸ߲㣿ܳΪʿѾǽˣⱲӱΪʿ
нܲм
Ҷʦ岻ʮкüôɲ˽ʿ
ڵɻ
ʿŵ߲㣬ֱԪӤ档ҶǲһɣҪҶϵˣֻҪ˽ʿҲӹɵĸ߲㡣
ЦҪΪʿ̸ףһҪĲһ㵽ھŲ㣬ϰʯԪ⣬ҪʮĲսַΪȴûսҲС󣬻Ҫ취õֵƵĽ𵤡
ڶҪ̵Ԫȥڡһ֮ڴﵽڣԽԽãպĻرŻԽߡҪһ֮ڣͱѾ󲿷ֵʱϡ
ȡͿɼáȫĳ޷㹻ʱȥʯѴʱʯ㹻ʱһ֮ڽ𵤡
ڵĽʿһҪϵ֧֣ԴһϣĻڶʱڳ𵤡ᵤ֮ٸϵر
Ҷ޼忿ɽϵṩʯԴѴʱȡʯϡһܳϽ𵤣Ϊ߲㣿Σʲô
нܲɹЦʮֲм˵ĶЩڵӻȥ
ȷѣ
ǣҶʦη˵ɽõŵľ޶ؽ֪ŽٺôһʲлڶʱڳŲ㣡ĻҶʦҲȫûϣ
ʦ壬ǻǲȥҶʦ塣
ڵ׷ҡͷмڵĿ˵
н˵˰죬ǻǲһȥᡣ
ҶõŽҲĽʵĺܣһֱŪ
Ҷ˶ٽͺôֻźҶӨƼΡ֪
нܻȥءˣǿеõһЩ顣
ΡǿڷܽˣǶԽ͵ȴؿƿֲֻᡣ
ء˲ԸᣬеԭʵҲ򵥣Ƕ˺ҪӡҶʮʯͣǲֻʮҶҪȥ޹⡣
֤Լ֮⣬ʲôҲ޷֤Ȼ竵ӣҲһҲɵԼ顣
нûдǶ˿̽κιڽ͵
н֪ܲЩȻǲ⣬ҶҲԽĲ¼ɺͼʡ
нܼЩͽ׵ӵС£аգֻܻЩͽ׵Ӵſū뿪ԼҲѲɽת뿪ɽ㡣

Ҷڻѻɽһչأ֪нʲôá֪ˣҲر⡣ǰڵӵʱûнܷϡŶӣλʵڷн֮£͸·н鷳
ҶþʯסȻɸĻѻѨڣõʮʯʼѻ
Ҷѻľ顣
һͷѻӵڷ֮󣬴һ׳ɳףԼҪʳýŰٵһǧʯֳȡ̱Ƚ˳ѻɳв
ǴͻƵĽףһʵͻԷԾͽݺнݵĻ֡ѻҪʳǧʯȣͻơ
ңҪǳؼԡѪ
ɹӵͽһͻƳΪнݡѻøӴͼͣ³ĻǿĺצΪȵͽ׷
ʧܣʧѪ
ɹѻͻƱʿҡʿɣֻʧһٳ
Ҷɸڴн׻ѻһͷͷ׻ѻԡѪʧܶеʹɶǴѵʯһͷʧǧʯ
ѻԡѪ൱ߣÿͷжͷֻǿĻѻܻ
ҶһѻһϸʯʮͷѻԡѪ֮ó˽ۣԼԼҪһʯܵõһͷĽ׻ѻ
ʮʯܹõʮͷĽ׻ѻÿһͷĽ׻ѻ൱һڻϵʿҵԪΪʱ޷ȥսֱӱʮ
Ҷʺһ£𺳡
ʮͷĽ׻ѻʲôս
ݻŵǸҴһ֧СʿǰƣֻҪݻŵʿʮֱȥˣԮʡˡĻѻȺӴһЩ𵤳ʿҲδؾͻܡ
׼ɱﵣؼʱ׶á


217 ѻѪ
С࣬ʮʯֳȣĽ׻ѻֻҪͻĽµȣֹͣι
Ҷ֮˾ɸϵСԸ
ڶ㡣ɸڵлѻʵͣĽµȣԼ൱һʵޣ׷ǵˡѻΪʵѱסǡ
õġ˲һЩʯõԪ𣿡
Сȣɻʵ
޷Ž͵ʮʯ֮⣬֮ǰڵɽѰ˲ҩڻѻɽʱִѰʿ˼ֵʮĴʯ鵤Щƻ㹻һˡ
Ҷҡͷ
ǰѲӣŴգҰѻǰݻʿӦɥΣգȱľǱȫʵɲվʱԼԸʯٶ࣬ҲȱסС
СɸѻѨѻȺڽʮʱѻĻѻѻСѻȻСѻʳȿٳɳԡѪ֮յʮͷĽ׻ѻ
ȺѻڻѻĴ£ɸİзҶ֮ǰץͷҰѻɱڵ죬һЩʱιٵȣָҲС
Ҷл뷨
ȺѻųȥԸˣͬҲΪɸһ֧һҰѻ׺ɸڣȺѻй
ΪȺѻɱﵣȻ׶áһã뽫ڣԷϢ©ƽʱɱﵣҪֶοӦ֡
ҶʼıչϥڽɫڣһĽԪĿ㡣
ÿԪʣ´󲿷ֵʱ䣬н׷ͽϡ

һΣȥ
ѻɽ𣬶
Ҷϥڽϣ鵭ȻһϮɫİһŶӵıʶصĴ磬ȴǡôżߵʡ
Ҷһ̺Եĵâ˫֮漴ȥ
Ԫ棬ı֡
ڵ㣡
Ҷ³һϲ
һĳ׷ɫټϼÿշĽԪԪڽͻ㾳磬ٶȱԤĻһЩ
츳ȻҪӴĲǲɻȱ
ĸ䣬ϰĸϰ䡣ϰҪֲѪҩģǣֲġɣҪӴĲҩԪǿԪԪϰ
Ҷô죬ȻΪûʯƼֵƵԪá
ԵһĽԪֵһٿʯͨʿҲԷһԪȻҪࡣǿɹԪĻٶȾ͸ˡ
ҶȻϲȴ˿и
ȻɸİֱɸҩԪݵķʽôԪЩŴŴʿӴ֧ţ׾ٵĵõԪ
ٶȼ죬̶̴ͳһ㡣ЩŽ𵤳ϵĺᣬĺĵӣٶȲ١ŴԪӤĺʮʮᵤˡ
ڶʮﵽڵ㣬̫ЩĴӵҲʲô
ڻڡһڣҪĲ㣬Ҳǽڡⲻһʱܳȥ֮ܳ
ҶţóһöƴСǵɫѻѪʯ
öѻѪʯԭǵɫģǱɸڵͷѻԡѪʮͷѻɹͻƣһٶʮͷ׻ѻѻѪʯ֮£մȾ˻ѻͻƾʱΪľѪЩѪѪʯڣѾ׸ıѪʯʵء
öѻѪʯϵĽڣѪɷϢ
ҶУҲеһ˲Ϣ
ɫĻѻѪʯȥԵ»ССĺ䶯֪ʯѪʯƳɼƷѪʮٲˣ
ҶżԳ
СɫĻѻѪʯȻȥҪԼƳһѪ
գϷߡĳһһߴСڻ档
ָһɫĻѻѪʯ֮С
һ˲佫ûĻͼѻѪʯڻ
ѻѪʯȴһǿҴĿѪɫɷڻȫƿ˵ڻ
߾
ҶһڷӿĳŻңѻѪʯֱ˹ȥ
һգʮա
ҶƲԼķ;ûκͣЪڵĻڽѻѪʯûڻһѪɫҺ壬ϵĴȥʡ
ʮԭƴСĻѻѪʯŨĴָСɫҺ壬Ѿõȵľ
ҶַɿչգɫҺγһöָ̬ʽܼ򵥣ָ汻ճһͷССĻѻ״
ȥ棬öڰȻȴ
֮öѪɷϢѾʧѪֻʣһáʿѪ
ֻҪԪ޷ԴѪ㼫ΪҪϵʿ֮ǡǽʿѪɥԪʧȥУҲ䡣
ѻѪ䣡
Ҷ£ⷨ˸֣öɫĽָˣԼָϡ
ָһС̣˻ĴָƤ
Ҷ΢΢һüͷԼڵѪעöɫڡ
һʱûע
ôѻѪĴѪôҵѪҪˣ
Ҷɫ쳣԰ףѾʧѪ߰˳ңгԾ
ʧѪ˳ɣʿ˵ҲǼΪصش޷ʱָΣա
ҶֹͣѻѪעѪȡֲѪĲҩо׽յĹϢŽֲȫѪ
ҶٴѻѪעѪĴΣڽöѻѪע
ҶϲԽ
öĴָСĻѻѪڣѪζ⵽شѻѪڵѪܹѸٻڣֵ϶ʿѪ
ǼƷ߽Ѫ
ҶȻѾѪƷ׼Ǵ˿ɸеϲ
ǰ֣֮еõһöѪǽ䣬ֻ߲ٷ֮ʮѪҪ֪ߵѪʿѪǲ˼ࡣʿѪǽĻֻǧ֮һѪ
ҶԵǣûмʲôѪͨѪ䷨ȽټҪ˵ϵȵѪ䷨
öѻѪ䣬ܹʿٷ֮ٵѪǼΪֲѪ
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ҶӽӻѻɽءʯĲ٣ȥǰһЩͽ׵ķЩʯ


218 
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߰ɣȻһˣֶܿ飬ɽ̽һ飡


220 
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221 
ŵʿվھ޴ðҽҳԣ˼ĿҳǿùĻϵлϵϵĳɫʵеΪԾ
Īǣ֮еĻһĿݵʿϵĹʵΪ𾪣ƺʲôʧ
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ƽ𵤵ϡ
˵ʵҲԣҲܰھŲʿƿһҪɽ𵤡ɽһʿֱʳãⷢͻ˽ƿ
ʿѻΪϣ߽ҩо𵤵䷽ʿýͻƽƿĳɹʣԻߣӳЧá
ɽŴ֮һҲרƽ𵤵ʦͽ𵤾žܣйȻ϶ܶࡣ
Ŵɣ𵤵Ҳָ
ŵһǧλ֮УֻмʿлõޱȵĽ𵤡
ԪӤƹܱŵĽ𵤣źʮλ𵤳ǸȨ䡣
ˣ˭ʸõŵĽ𵤣
ŵáλ𵤳ϵ׵õ𣿸ܡʿ岻֡
ڵӵõŵĽһھŲ㣬ڵǰᡣΪ㹻޴ס
ŵʿӳΪʿʼִ񣬲Ϊף۵㹻ףܵõ𵤡ǣ󲿷ʿִҲδܻ۵㹻Ĺס
һǾԪӤĵϵãȻֱܹӴеõ𵤡ԪӤĵϵ޼ҲδһλԴ󲿷ֽ𵤻Ҫʿ
Ѿڵڰ˲ΪΪǰѴʱ䶼棬ִ٣ҵŹײ˺ܶࡣ㵽Ų㣬ʱҲ޷õŵĽ𵤡ܰȡ֣ᵤϣ
־𾪵ĵŻпϲսеһɵķ
ɽոձǷ֣ĻҰĵرŵĹ֮ڣ˭õ˭
ĺ£󲿷ʿһҲ
Ÿ߲㷢ûΪŲƲ֮󣬾Ͳժ
ͻƽڣΪʿÿһʿ׷Ϊ׷ǼԸΪ֮һСƴƴȡʯΪʲôϣͻΪΪǿĽʿ
һΪʿɽ磬ӵмߵĵλھŴŵԪӤ档ӵгԪɽ绽꣬ܵͽʿľͳݡ
Ĳʶ𾪣ٵȡ
ڻķջǰѾˡ
нܴŴӷ죬һĿΧʿɨҶͣһ£Ķҳص޴Ļ
ŷϵһɵļ̳ˡǣĵλȹ̣Ϊ֮ǰҶʧ⵽ϼĳ𣬱򷢵ɽ
Ҫǳ˽ʿ˭ٸɫ˳ӹŷϵ
нŷĿ¶⡣
ϵĹʵֻöʮʿ֡ʵʵ֣˭һЩԼиİͻƽ𵤣
ʿԺмհףΨһͷǾ
ͷǵԺ
˭֣ڵõͻƽƿĻᣡ
ǵľͬʿǵڣڣкʿʲôΪӴõĴûᡣ
ҳظǷޣͱʿԺˡ
֪˭ͻȻһ¡
ţ쬡쬣ͬһ˲䣬ʮʿӰ׳Եķɽɵȫٳҳ﷽Բȥ
ҵģǹ
־ʦ֣ˣ˭˭ɲΪʦֱø㣡
ģ
־죬Լʿȥĺȡ
ļʿǰ档
־ʱŭ𣬳Եʿȭȥһȭӳкȭƿմ̶һʿԺ䣬졣
ʲôͬ꣬ʲôŹɽֹһе֮˵
ʱŵĽ𵤳ڴˣǿ϶ǣûŽ𵤳ϡһȺ໥ŶӶѣ˭á
ҳصϿնʱңʿ໥ֹʿ
ҶԳ⸱Ԥϣ侲ʿһ̤һϵɽƿսеʿȺѰһᳯƽ
ԼѣɸͻѻȺɱóʮʿһö
ҶЩͬʿǰ¶Լɱﵡ
˶ΣĿֱӷڻϣֻҪժȡ֦Եɸȥ󹦸ɡҳػϵǼöʵ˭ɹܲˡڻ˻ᵣĹʵ
ҶüͷͻȻһͷ·ҳȥ
ҳصҽ쳣𶯣ӿƺʱҪҵı
ԣػߣ𵤼ޣѪ֮Ҳ·ܹҽ棬ʲôµĹ
ҶһһǿҵΣϮȻ


222 ҹ
ҶԾҳصһ˲䣬쳣𶯵ҳأһȵľҽͻȻӳڳ𣬳罦
һ޴ĺ˻⣬мƴʿȺ
ϮĻӰֵ̫ͻȻʿΪָļöƴɱһʱûзҳ쳣𶯵סǷҳڳģѾ롣
ãҳй
죬ˡɱ˵
ҾŵʿǷ׷״Уֹͣͬʦֵƴٿеķɽǵ⹥ȥ
̫ˣʯ֮䣬ǵѾЩʿȺ֮С
顢飡
ʱҽС
ļʿֵδͱǵࡣ
Ҷҳذ߷ӣ󷽴ĲҽͷһһȺŵӿɶʿΪĶӣȻһ˺ü
ʲôܹҳ棿
֪ûͷȫߣ̲סͷһۡ
һҶһ
ǵʿȺеĺѾ¶ΣȻһʹʮɣŻʯĹȼڵ棬˫֮ͫ档
ԵüΪŭ
ҳϢ̣صûκⷽԲ֮ڡھȻܳһȺɧ
ֻʯȭХųʿȺȥ
ȭͷɾ޴һȭȥķɣʿࡣ
ʿǵʮɽնϣȴֻϵһЩߴʯѡһͷʮɵӴ˵һʯʲô
Ҷʱ򣬼ֱš
ȫʯͻ棬ͫǻϵʯ϶ޣ
ʲôһȫʯͷðĶôô
Ҷɽ鲢ḻԵţٵɽֻ֮شҲֻһЩеͽ׵ޣδĹ
ҶҳصʯϣͻȻ뵽ʲôһ
ŵĵ伮֮Уļأھݴ½ɽ֮У޷塢塢塢Ĵ塣½еܹ֮࣬СԲˡ壬Ī壿
֮УģģԪĲ
ΨΪء
ۼľ֣顢ˮ顢ľ𾫡ʯ֮࣬塣屾ûѪ֮ҲûԪҲߡһΪɢ֮䡣
ҶԼ׹Ӧһͷʯ֣ѹǱ¶ȼߵҳ֮У۽֮е֣ҳصľҸ¡
һͷҹ֣˫ϵ֣ɱûʲôã۾
ҳذеʿȺ֮У־һŭٿһӰȻҹֵͷնȥ
־ľԷḻ˳
ʿʮɽһ˲䣬乥ȥ

ҹƺͺһӳ޴ʯȭĻҽļʿͻȥ
Ǽʿݿһ㱻ɣҪôҪô׹·ҽ֮У̼仯Ϊ׹ǣճΪҽ
ʮи߽׷ҵĴϣδʲôЧ
ʿһֺϻתۼֱ
ɱǽ𵤼֣򲻶
ӰɣٲӶҪˣ
ȥϾǣ
Χʿ־ĴУ׷תͷӡ
ӻҹֳ֣ô̶̼գ۵ĹѾʿʧأȫһ浹ɱʿĹѡ
˭ȥӲƴ
ֻһȺʿѣ𵤼ֵʵ̫ˡ
̫ǿˣ
ٲʮϢȫҪɥ
ʿ϶Ǿ֮ɫΧʮʿܣΧʮʿﻹͣ
ʮâٳɽͨڷȥƴҪĵط
нӵ졣
ȻΪһöǻҹһ֣֪Լûжϣ
ǽʿ֣ܸҹֿ⡣
ڵɽһλŵ򣬱뾡ȥɱͷҹ֡
нѸ˵Χȥ
ҹԲŹǣһΪһ׷ȥ
ʿùǲҽҹָĩ
ҽУƵʿǰеķ˳߷

ɽ㣬ҳһһƬš
ûκϢ
ڰߵļ߲ȱʿʬ壬µĺۼΪδκ顣
ͻȻһɼˮ򣬴ӲԶһɸʯ˳
ҶˮڣϢĿɿĿһʿͻҹȥѾǵӰӡ
ղųʿͻҹּսûע⵽ʱˮ֮Ǳ׼Ż¡
Ȼð˾޴ķա
ڻҹ׷ɱȺʿȥˣһʱ˲ǣ˭Ҳ֪ҹʲôʱϻҹ֣ǳΣա
ɸͻѻȺɱﵣŸðգˡ
ҶĿ侲ҳ
ʱޣѻõ֡
Ҷһ׳ɽٳҳʯȥ
ͷҹֵϳûͷҹ֣ѾûΣա
Ҷܿҳǿ޴ʯϣſһ΢⣬ɸŻ˳ɸŻԼĹŻڡ
룬Ҷס
ǳףҪ󼫸ߣǧҲδֲƽ𵤡Ӧǧ꣬ŶһպҲܶʿ
Լɸ֣ûҪȡߡ
Ҷ뵽˰ȡߵͷһ֣ѻöʵȫժƿװ봢С
лȻҲ˻ӡ
ˣȵھŲʱ򣬲ٵԼƿ޷ͻƣ
Ҷпϲժ˻׳ɽ׼뿪
ͻȻԶһҫĿĺ⳯ҳؼٷʱ
ǻҹֵĻâ
ôͻˣ׷ɱһʿӵԶˣ׷ɱءǻҹһأù
Ҷ֮£ɿĳΧȥ
ҳصĻԣΧﶼҽ޴ءɵ֮⣬ʯˮ
ǣʱϸ
ԻҹֵķٶȣǼת֮Ĺ̶̵ļգ۹Լ»ûзҳأҹֱɻˡ
ңˮԻϵ֣ûôϵһ㶼л׿ˮ֮ǰˮֻΪ˶ͬʿעѡ
ܲˣֻܴһȫˣ
ѻȺ
ҶĿֿɸŻһסɸŻ󣬶ʱΪһʮɾ޴ķâҫĿ

һһɫĽϵĻѻӣɸŻڳ˳


223 ѻķ
һʮͷĽ׻ѻɲǼǵظɽҳصİաÿһͷѻϵë޵ĻɫͬһŷĻ档
޵޵ʵԴۺͿƤëԽѤצԽӲԽӴֱֳ޵ʵС
Ⱥѻ֮Уѻ󣬳Լ࣬ΪĽϵޣ൱ʿΪ൱ѻÿһͷһɴСΪĽµޣһʿΪࡣ
ɱ
ҶɸŻڷųѻȺ֮Զһ⼲ٶĻҹ֣һѻ´
ĿǰʶΪޣ޷ͬʱٿضʮͷѻȺֻܽ´ѻȻɻѻȥָӴѻȺ
ڻѻһǼߵޣȺݣߡ
֧һɫĽ׻ѻȺʵ֮ܳǰǰ˵ѰʮŶʿҪǣǲʿôû̫˽ĺ
ҶԻѻȺĲߣϾڵĶһͷ𵤼ʵĻҹ֡һȺȥһͷ𵤼ҹɱʤɼ͡
ûָȺѻܹҹָܣΨһȺѻܹǣסҹ֡Ϊȡ㹻ʱ䣬뿪ɽ㡣
Ҷѻ´̴֮һˮڻĺ󷽣ⱻҹָϡ
ҪȴʱȻѻȺͻҹɱŻ뿪
ǵķǳ죬ʮ뼸ǺϢ֮㵽ˡ
ѻҳصİУȺ˫ͫĶԶǵĺ⣬˫һģȻһХ
ѽ
ҳذĻѻȺͻȻͬʱǵķ³һö˶Ĵ
ʮöڰһϸܵĻ꣬ÿһöɣҹָǹȥҹֵʮɸߴܼĻ꣬ȷʮöϻܻͷҹ֡
𣡡
ҹֵͳĺһһͷ֮Сƺģδܡⲻ֣ڵɽڣ֣ûаȺСĻѻ
䣡
ʱը
ÿһöıըҳЩСĿռ䷶Χͬʱըʱǵĳصõı
֮ǻ沨ˣϵصڰγһ޴ĻǽĻ
ҶںĻһĻие𾪡
ѾȵϽʿĸ߽׷ԸһСȺʿ˲ɻԵĴ
ҹȻԤϵô󣬱ըĳ˳ȥ׹ҳذߵļӲʯϡ
һһɵĻʯƤҳʯ飬СһȦʮСʮɡ
ѻȺȻռϷ磡
Ҷʱ¶ľϲûԤϵġѻ´Իҹ͹
ѽѽ
ѻȺڰһ󣬵ڶĻ꣬ͷ¡
𣡡
ҹûгԹĴķŭУһ򣬱ܼܿĻꡣ
ǲߣսܻǼǿ
ļٶȣֻҪܿ棬ѻȺٶ׷ϡ
ҹּһȦ˻ѻȺı󣬳ѻȺڳȥ
ʱĻѻȺڻѻĴ°зڿٷĻѻȺ޷ֱӵתԸĵˡǱƹܶԸĵˡֻǲܱһȺ壬ϡ
ҹֵٶ̫죬ǻδͷҹѾǵ˻ѻȺ֮С
飡
ҹһȭɨȥϵĻѻʱһһ㣬׹¡
ҶֽɸŻһͷͷѸĻѻɫ࣬еѪķʮʯɱﵡ
ǣʲôҲˡ
н׷ǷɽԻҹֵ˺΢΢ʱȥҲֻڻѻȺ֮ң޷ͻҹɱ
ɸŻܹȡֻµġҹǽ𵤼ģ޷սɸŻȥ
ѻȺ޷Ը𵤼֣ѻȺɱֻʱ⣬뾡뿪
Ҷҧŷϵ촽ǿԼ侲׳ɽٳҳض԰ȥ
ҹҪɱȺӴѻҪһʱ䣬֮ǰɽ㡣ڻҹ˵ѻʿûʲôͬĵ̡ɱѻ֮ǰѻ׷ɱ
ҶҳذߣͻȻĻѻȺɾ㵵Ļͷȥ
ѻȺ֮Уǲ»Ҳڿз裬ֱӳҹַȥ
ѻͷʮͷѻھ޴Ļҹϣüƴģצץÿһ˺Ѻۼϳ
ҹǳӴϵÿһλкüͷѻڹһգ۹Ѿϰٵ˺ץĺۼĻұ
ʮͷѻľ޴ѹ֮£ҹ׹ڵϡ־ĺУĴ壬ͼϵĻѻȺ˦
ûãһͷһͷĻѻȫڻҹϣ˴
ѻȺʱķ񣬼ֱ𺳡
ҶЩšⲻȫǻѻȺԼںͻҹַɱ
ͻȻʲô
ѻһرݣǳǳһѻȺлѻɱĻѻ˱ֱԵĹΪǿҺͷ񣬲ݡÿһͷַ񹥻˸е־塣
ȫʿҲǻѻ
ҹƺûϵȺѻʵȻڻѻȺ֮ϣҲסѻѻȺɱ⣬ԼҲ⵽شһһᱻץ
ٸѻɱȫٳҳڣ䡱ȥʮɵҽ˻ȥ۽ڡǻ֣ҽ档
ʮͷѻץڻҹδʱ룬ųҽڣΪҽ
ĻѻȺڻѻĴ·ҳصİУ·ҽͣķŭļС
ҹҳڣûϢҲ
Ҷ㵵ĴС죬˹
ȺѻȻѻҹָӻҳȥˡԤϵõĽҪࡣ٣ĻѻȺûȫ
Ͻ뿪
ɸŻһչһâʣµʮͷѻȺȫ뻭ڣȻתɽͨɶȥ

ҶӵɽĿڳ
һ㿴ŵڵӣսľվڿڴ
Ҷʦ壬ôų
ͷҹ֣ûгɣ
ʿҶԵʮֳԾʦӳģҶʦСŴ
ʲôʦأ
Ҷֵ
־ʦ塢нʦǳȥϣн𵤼ֵ飡־ʦԸǼǻҹֻ᲻ӳ̸ʦǱţ糷롣
Ҷʦ壬ͷֻ᲻
Ǽڵʮ־塣
ʵǱΪϽ𵤼־ģ֮ǰһʿ֪𵤼ֳˡ
Ҳ֪᲻ҳʱû·Ͽ
Ҷҡͷ
Ǽڵһۣһ
Ҷûж˵ͷɿ쳯ɽȥ
ﲻˡ
£Ͽ϶أɽв̽Ȼ֪ܲɱҹ֣ǳϿ϶ᷢҳڵĻˡ
һϷȡߵģҪô죿
ʹĴ۲õģɲύϡõİ취뿪ܶ


224 
һȺʮʿɽ̽Ѱȴһͷ𵤼ҹ֣˲أֻжʮӳϢѾɽ
һʱ䣬ɽĻ̻̣ɽдŵͽʿͿūɽһ㻹ڶɢʿ˵𵤼ҹѾǼΪֲĴڣϾ
ΨһܰĵģŻһλ˵أλҲǽ𵤼ʿܹԸͷ𵤼ҹ֡
ΪڣڵͽʿȻţֻٲʿ뿪˵ɽʿڹƣûдģɽ
ҶȻ֪ǻҹֲ
ɫݵȥ
ɽڵͨڶڰأͨŵӴʶһ·ͨ˵ɽտĻҰ⡣
ǻƻ裬һƬĺΪһǿҵԭΧɽ뼸һƬɽʯľʮȡ
ҶӴóһɽͼᡣ
۹һʿۼأ롣ȥһʱ䡣
Ҷ˵ͼ˼䡣
һ·׳ɽΪһ⳯۹ıɶȥ
ԭȡѲӰ۹ڵ׹ȣΪס
Է˵ɽ֮ѲѾɡΪĹףȵʮꡢϰ껹ࡣ
аԼʱ䣬߷ǰȥطֻҪݾŴ֮ǰϻȥˡ
ڵɽȥҲ̾ͷţΪ鷳ֻܵȥһʱ䣬ƽ˾˵

ɽ
һ۵İߣɫ־нܵһȺ߰ʮŶʿͨڴ
Ϊ̬ԭչصʿҲ඼Ѿ
ϣ
ʦ桢ʦ塢ʦ壡
ɽ;ŵͽʿϲļȺʿǰ׷ױÿ·
ôû֪ͨϷ򣬱ȥǵɽ㣿
Ͽ첽ͨޱԱһ׳ʿѯʡ
⻰ȴ䳰
ʵöҲ֪϶Ⱥӱȥ̽ѰҵϺõ鱦ñλʦȥ㲻㣬鷳ˣ֪¡
ЩɽʿʣЩͷΪ˼֮ǰûϳء˲ٵӣŴҴϡ
ʦ嵱ʱڱչأԸҪǵ֪ͨ˵֮󣬱Žȥ̽̽·ʦ֮ʦ塣ֻû뵽һȥͷҹ֡
־ͬŶ˵ɫңǿ˼䡣
ڣҲⷽ壬ѯɽϸͷҹ֡Լսϸ
־˴ʿ飬˵һ顣
̽Ѱ˲ʮʿЩŵľʿ
֮һƣҪˡ
ɽ򣬾Ȼʧôӡ
εӵʧ϶Ҫɽǽеһ𵤳ϣ˿϶¶ڵĵλӰἫ
Ϊ־ڵɽ㷢һǧĻֵ޴󣬿ζӵʧҪƵѪЩӺݺݵ𷣡
Ҫȥҵ⵽ٻ
𵤼Ļҹ֣ʮɣ
üͷзɿͷҹֵʵɽڣ𵤼ҵǽ𵤼ֲǿֺܺǰ˵
ǵøַȴˣʵ֮ϡܴѣֻн𵤼ڵʵ
־æ
ϸ֣Ĭţʿͨ룬ɽ㡣
нܼΪ͵ĸ־ĺ棬ϵһǻŭ
ʹĿɨܶͻȻһŶʿڿɽĳڶȥвЩ֣ڶʿȥɽ㣬ôеӻʱ뿪

Ƭ֮
ϡ־нܵһȺʿڵɽҳԡ
ʱҳѾһƬţҽӿ֮⣬ûκζҳһʯš
ͷҹҲ֪ȥ
ϼ𣬲οϲãʮɣҲǶǧ䣬ǳĻȻðʧΣյĵɽ㣬ҵǴһԽ
Ƕһڣ¶ϲɫȻǴ󹦣ǾͿȥˡ
־ȴͻȻɴӣָŻʧУԣϵĻأ֮ǰöĻôˣ
᲻ᱻҹָˣ
ʿʵ
ܣҹ֣ԶΧǻҹֵĵ̣϶ûص޸ժ
־ҡͷ
Ȼǻҹ֣Ҳǵصޣ˭ѻȡˣ
ѵʱ˭ûˣ
ʿ¶֮ɫ
ʮ𾪣
ʱһȺʿ໥ȣû˭ܲժȻ󱻻ҹֹ˵ˣʿס˭Ҳû˼ȥ
ҵʱ̫ңʮɥ˿ֻ֮¶æҲǵ˭ˡ
ȥժҲС
ڻȴֻϵöʵȻȫժˣֱţ˭ĵں
нɫ£ͻȻ뵽ǰɽ֮ǰһŶʿɫҴ뿪ʱԶûܿ˭
룬˶ڴȻ뿪ɽ㡣
нܷɿɽڴͨļڵӣʵʱɽңҺ־һȺ˴ʱӵɽˣ˭
ǼڵڷнܵĿע֮£Ҵæʦ壬Ҷʦ壡ʱʦʦһȺʦ󣬴Լ˺ð죬ҶʦŴ

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Ҷʦû˵
ڵҡͷ
нɫٶȱ£ǲҪٸҪȻȡˣҲҪˣӿءҵǻţĳһϺõĲ£ǡ
ǣ
лʦ壡
ǼڵӻæǡȻԭ򣬵ʦ֮飬Ҳȥʡ
нܿٳɽһɱȥ˼Ϊӡ
ҹ׷ɱʿʱҶǱʿ뿪֮ûȡ˻
ֵһʿġ
һȺʿҲǻҹֵĶ֣棬ҹֲַҶϣǼǱɣûκһʿܹӽ𵤼ҹѡ
ǣҶȻǳɹˣ治֪ôġΪˣŻἱ뿪
нȫٳɽرȥԽԽʵķ
ǿöһöƳһ𵤣ǿö𵤣˶Ľ𵤣Ϊʿļʼǰٷ֮һ١㲻ֱӷʳɹҲ൱ߡ
ЩֻҪõЩ϶ܳΪʿһٳΪŸ߲㳤ϣ


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нЩԼٶȳɽ㡢һͨ档ŻպͿտĻɽҰ룬ס
ҶƬ̣Ƭʱ㹻һʿɳԶĵطҴʱʮ֣ɫѾ谵Էټ
ҪжȡöֻԼһ˽¶֣ܾˡԼ׷ɱͬŵӵй¶ȥ϶⵽ŵĴ
⣬Ǻͱʿ֣ƱҪȥöҪһ˶ö
ܺͱȥ׷ɱҶֻܶȥɽޱһ֮Ҫҳֱ죡
Ҷ뿪ɽȥʲôط
нɽҰ˷ݵüͷɿ²Ҷȥ
һǳֵ⣬ֻҪ´򣬱ϼԶ
ȥ޷⼸ص㣬šԵǡ۹֮׹ȣء
ҶȻ뿪ɽĿĿ϶Ϊ˱ܿͬʿժȡ鱻֡Ÿɽûж϶᷵š
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Ҳ۹֮׹ȣЩطȻΪʺ㿪ʿߡ׹ȱʿԻȡʯ鵤ʺϳ
ʣµֻɳǺɽ羳ڵĴСؿȥ
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ҶĿԣȥСرչӡСأۼ˺ܶͽʿܷܺȡʯ鵤ʿĻ᲻࣬ȽϰȫֻصҲǳ࣬ʮ
нóһɽͼᣬĿɿӵͼɨϸעݾڵĴСأڵĴС
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룬ɽȽϽһأ֪᲻ȥ룬ֻܶһûҵҶ䣬ȥؼңһҵ
ҶĿǰڵΪڵھŲ㻹Զ̷»ȥƿһʮ꣬õʱȥ׷ûػ
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ҶԹͬŶʿӲûҶСպҶɹᵤһֻװӣ⵽пѹ֮;Ȼ
нһĴɳһɫϵɽ̤ɽΪһʮɵĳ⣬۹ıռٷȥ
нܴʱȫûԤϵеķҶȫһ

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Ϊ˴ӻҹеõ˽ʮͷĽ׻ѻĴۣʮʯǵõޱϡĻ˳Ϊʿ̣һжֵˡ
ɽԽԽԶҲ
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ֻҪŲ㣬һͻƽƿΪŽеʮʿ֮һΪųϡǸʱܹв˽Ἣ١
Ϊʿκһʿ飬ҶȻҲ⡣һ뵽Լڴͨ𵤴·бļϲá
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֪ضһλųϵĵŮΪʿļ岻ᷴҺһ𣡡
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һֱܵԼڵĵλضڵĲֻ࣬ûбֳ
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ڽʿǾͲǿʲôɼ֮ܳŵˣǿӴŲĿǰҲʮʿѡ
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ΧâڷнϣϸСɫâϵĸ߽׷ܡ
󲿷ֵâϵĸ߽׷¸ֵֻâڷнϡ
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Ҷ֪Լױδѻܷнܵϣױϡͷױһ˲䣬ץסᣬΪһٵѸӰ˴ΪһɳĽɫâһǰĳнն˹ȥ

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䡫
ɫâͽɫâԺ䡣
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Ҷʮɿ⣬վȽŸֽ˫ۼ飬Էнܵĳδᡣ
ΪʿŲһ࣬ҹͣн׷ķҲǿȥҪڷмߵˮ׼ûʮʮ깦ޣǼȥ
ҶɿĿһۣнѾײȥʮԶ뿪˱Ψһһڡ
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ķѴķɽҰһҪľȡһϢסнܵʱ䡣
Ҷһּ̧׼Ѿõɸᡣ
Сɸᣬת˲֮仯ΪʮɴСľ޷ŻͷϷŻһλðɵ͵һɼƵĻѻѨһͷ˫βҲˡ
෨
нܿҶɿĹŻᣬ΢΢һ
ɽ編̬༫࣬ǹȡ̬ܵΪз顢ȡ䡢ʡӡ̡塢ġ¯ơ졭ȵԼ̬
Ҳеһ̬
Ҫôͼᣬܳͼֻصͼ͸Ϣûκιá
ҪôӡᣬΪ
ӡķͨڷϵڻڿٳһСռ䣬ӡҰõġڻƷ䣬ʵǿҰޣҲܱӡ
˵ӡø޴ࡣ
ڣ޴ֻװʿѱޣΪûзӡģԲװҰޣƻ޴Ŀռȶ
ӡܶޡҰ޽ǿзӡȻˣǰǻӡƷױҰ޸߽ףܷӡסַֻӡѶ̫ߣɽںܺ
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229 ɱ
Ҷнг淨Ȼ֮â೤ͫײȻһÿһ缡ⶼ
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Ƿнܼʩչսǰס
һʿԹһʿսȴԤϡ
ʿΪֱأΪԽߣǵõǿĴܷӳǿн㣬ǴԼʩչҵĻ̫ƫս෱࣬ͽս͸߽ս޴һŸ߽սеʱǿɻͬλʿ
ǷнźĶӣŷϵһļ̳ʿĿ϶սԷнܵʵսͬλʿʤ㼫ߣԸͽ׵ʿǲڻ¡
÷нʩչս
ҶоеΣգ촽Ŀ˫ĳķԼͷϵɸŻȥ
ɸŻȡҶķٶȱǣΪһʮɵľͻ
ӲӣɵϵÿһԵù⻪ĿһһľɫʯҲɢӲãϢ
ɸŻʲôҶҲֻһ֪ѣδŪнȻֻ֪һΪһӡ໭ᷨ
ѻ
ҶһХɸŻɵĺ󷽣ͻȻһȺĽ׻ѻѽĴž޴ĳ򣬷񼱴ٵУŻǵغХ˳
ͷһͷѻĿ׺ݣΪӴ󡣽ǻѻȺÿһͷнһɴС
һͷͷͷһգ۹򣬱һʮͷĽ׻ѻиĻѻӹŻڳƺԴԴ
ѻͫȺ죬ɱڵĴŻѻȺڵķнɱȥ
һ˲䣬ѾõҶʶָɱڵΨһĵˡ
ܣһӡôӡ˶Ľ׻ѻһҪӡԽࡢԽǿޣĿռԽ󡣿ռԽ᲻ȶάֿռȶѶȱǸ߽׷ӡ෨ҲֻװһͷޣͷĽޣ޷ӡ˶ޡ
нһг淨׼ʩչսһɱҶȻõҶķӡŻᣬö
ǣӹŻȺӿĻѻȺɲǼ侪ļ⡣
ǡŻƷײͨĸ߽׷ӦԪ񼶷ͨķô䵽ҶУŲĺöһŸոʿ
ھݴ½ɽ֮У෨Ƚ׷
һ׵ײƶɣΪи߽Ϊʿʹáڿע뷨Ӷͷųâââȵȣ
ͨĽ׵ԭƳɣΪʿʹãУԦɱС
֮ͨϣԪ񼶷Ʒ߽׵Ž֮䣬ʿҪķԪƳԪ񼶷Ԫ񼶷ʿڣʿԪͨǿ
һ㣬ͨҪʮԭϲƳͨϵķͨĪ⣬ԪӤ漶ʿӵǿ
нܵľΪˡ
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ҶŻĿռȻһȺʮͷĽ׻ѻҪӴҸ߶ȶռ䣬һ߽ͨ׷ӡܹ
нܼٷӡŽ𵤳ϵԪ񼶷ӡҲ޷ӡӴȺ
нֱܼ޷⣬Ҷôõ˼ǿ
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ҶѹĴķһյıڸһһĶԭŻɱҡΣûôɱң
нܷһг淨һ𣬳ǰѸն
һն
һ˲䣬淨潣âǰʮɿռ䡣
䣡䣡䣡
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ȳƬڵĻѻͷĽ׻ѻʱըѪɡ
ͷĽ׻ѻնɱ
ѻɳȥըȥٻɫëڵһڣչ׺ĳнܷ˺ץȥΪѻʵǿ׺̶ԶһĻѻнһնˣδɱ
ѻ׺Ļѻǰ˺нܷȥ
нܻӽͷųһбһնսҸѻȺתӡڵһ壬Ӱ󷽵ıǽг淨նͼƿǽȥ
ܻɱǰͷѻǾɱȺĻѻǲӣһգ۹ҪѻȺΧסɡ
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ֻҪӳӻȥպлҶ֮ޡ
䣡
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нܴϲֻҪնһƿǽȥҶµ塣
ҶĿضŷнܡķѴ뷨Ϊס÷нʱѣ÷нԸ
ױ
Ҷһ̧Ʊһн׷˹ȥһƬҫСɲǼ佫нΧʮɷΧȫǡϸСɫڷн÷нܻ΢΢飬ϵĳ淨һ¡
ʱѻȺѾӺ˹Ƿ׷³򣬳нܺȥ
ǷнܲܲˣһȥǽǵĻԽнܺһŻҽ

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һ䴢һӲӵͷȫע뷨˲Ϣ֮䱩ǣ̻ΪһһɴĽӷ֣ȫס
ӷǼʿܿס𵤳ʿһ
СʿǿУȫӱסԼ
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䣡
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ȥȥҲ
飡
ӷѻȺƣըѳķƬнɨͼȥգ֮䣬ŭĻѻȺûһĲҽܿûϢʬѻȺ˺ʮ顣

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ҶнܱѻȺûһĻ΢̾
Ƿн̰һĻ׷ɱҲ䵽ʬǲȫ³н׷ɱǱʿ˵汻нܸɹˣϧ
ҶɸŻջػѻȺսеķƬʰһǷнģӲδ⵽𻵡ʶɿ̽һ£ɫһϲ
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230 
ҶڷɽϣӭŸ߿շ죬·ɽΪһɫ⣬ǧɸ߿ռƿշС
֮ǰн˵ǴӼڵͽ׵ӵ֪뿪˵ɽȡ˵ɽĻ׷ٶн˽뿪ɽǰ׷Ҫǳٳûлȥ϶ᾪɽϡ
ſ϶׷нܵ䣬ȷǷʧ䡣źܻܿ׷鵽ѯǼӣɷнǲ׷ңнܵʧٸǷй
нΪ˴жõ϶뱻˷֣ȻҲ˵ȥû֪нǻֻҪҲ˵òκ֤ݣ֤нʧٸйϵ
ҶһѰ˼š
ҺͷнɽҰĶۼѾһȫĨȥɽʯۻʿҵǸطҲ޷﷢ʲôѰ޹ջ¡
Ҷ˼ţԼǷ©֮
̫ǣԼɱ˷н֮ʲôصĺ
Ҫ֪ŵھݴ½ܶΣգǳе顣
ʿ뿪ǰ֪ʲôУǿޣҲΣյĽرͻȻ伣ҲûκѶϢʱһñ㽥
нܵ˵ʲô¡
ңнܵ츳ҲرɫֻΪһϽ𵤳ϳͬŶ֮ݵλϸߡ
һǧʿнֻеһʿʧһ˲ᶯҡŵĸž׷飬ûнֻ֮֮ܲ
Ļò˶꣬žͻʧٵķнܸǡ
ҶΨһĵǷϼļҷӦ
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ִһҪ˳ִó֤жǷϼ岻ֻͬҪǻԼû֤Ҳܻܿᰵֱ
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ЩȤѧһѧ󷨼Ϊ£ûлѼʱоŶҪѧҪʱ䣬Ҫпеʱȥѧ

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Ҷһ·ӵĵΣֿ˿ͼϵļء
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ҶҪĵط㹻СƫƧע⣬ܹвĽʿҪʯﻻȡ
Ҷ·ϸȥδִӱκССĺۼ
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һŮӼĳʿŭ
ӶεȷҵģҲû˵ǡɳˮ̫Ҽҵɳӳ嵽ˡҲǼѣֲҵɳӡǵĺӶϣҲҵġټ򵥲ˣС㵽Ҽͣ㻹ҵˣѵ㵽ͣͳҵС˲ɣ˵˵ǲ
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һ˵ʿ׷״Ц
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޳ܣ
ʿǶʱŭٺܶ࣬ŭȴҶ֡
ǼȺͽʿͻȻҶ׷ͣĳҶ˹ȥĿԵĳų⡣ųǱ˶߽ܵų⣬ƺǵ¡
Ҷںӱߣ˷ɽҪȥѯһڵͽʿųĿ⣬ɳɵͣ½Ų


231 
ӱǼȺڶŵʿʿΪ΢ЩǿҲΪڶ࣬ǵĵ̣ҲηҶĳ֡
磬һʿѹӦڣ᲻ɳǴӵܣʿȺ֮УһòªæЯ齣ʿ˵
ʿ䲢󣬵ϼһӵܵĴ硣
ʿ΢΢һ£ΪȻĵߵʿôҵҲһʿһڡ˴һϮ´ŶңûЯκɱագżʿɽĴɢʿϣҪ£ĵϣûùӳԣ
ҶȺʿսţʱܴȥ£ת㳯ɽѰٶȥ
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ʿŮЦȶ»ɳӵĺӽ硣ǼҵĺӶγ綼ҪңҶҪңұˣһճ̡̧֣ڶʿ֣ˣλֵܶɢ˰ɣȥɻĻûи꣬ȥɳ
ʮʿȻʿǰԶĺӶΡΧԭһЩֵĵͽʿûֿɿҲ׷뿪ǰȥҵɳӺӶȡɳ
ֻʿȻԭأϱˮ׼ˮǴɳĺӶξˮ¶õͽƤƣɳӵĺˮļұǱɵĺӴȡɳǲˮ£ȻʿҲǱɵĺӵȡɳʯ

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ҶаŶңСĽֵϡ
һȦҵһϵȵĿջȪջĿջڣʮɫεʿƻյţΪ֡
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СǸⲻ֣ȻһСڴ˵ضӵĴ඼ߡҲз˴ڣʿĺᣬһСϡ
ңߣԪ֮ǰҲߡԵҲкܶ׷ˣһЩ򵥴ªĻ
Ҵסʱ䣬곤һꡣ׼һԺӣң׼һЩʳֱ͵ҵԺȥ
Ҷѹͳɳ˵
ϣջеԺӣһӦȫСһ£ɳסǮˣһֻʮʯס껹Աһ㡣ϱΪ׼á
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С򲢲κϢĺܿ졣
һʿ룬볤ӵϢܿ촫˳ȥ˵ظСע⡣
Ҫ֪ǧʿ֮УʿҲʮѡ
ȻҲвʿ·˵أǶСôΪԴ̫٣ԶԶźɳǣܿ뿪
ÿһڴ˵سþסʿڸСӰ졣

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Ůԥһ£վ˳ϼŮ֮Уò̬ɫҲʺϵıҪ϶ȥǣǺòһֳ֪󣬽ĸʡ
үү֪вԸҪһʿ׸ϼ岢ףܼ޸һʿҲ컯Ҵ볤ޣ˵شС϶£ҲгɫŮӡǲȡ¾ͺˡ
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232 ݷ
ϴȪջмʢװں档˴̽Ϣʿ֮󣬾;סСϵȵȪջ
Ȫջƽտ˲࣬˱صʿ֮żƻ֮⣬ʿ;˵أס˿ջ
ջԵЩæµ
һĵСſкˣϺˣæЦֵӭ˳ϡС㣬λпˣոմɳµһЩϡĺ㱴Сôãλϳ
СССϣСڸʿϵáһеȼеλʿƽǺټ
ֻһֲջڡ
ʱȪջвϰʿʮļȾ磬ʿǾһ˵Щʲô쳣֡
Ͻ΢΢һ㵣ʮССļ壬ǰЩʿȫϤļʿ
пһ£ɲǼ׹
ЩĿĶһ֪һλʿ㳤Ӵ˵أҴҸ£ʿĸҪͨȶ·ɳӵĺӶΡܽλʿ׸Լļ壬սԼ峤ԶӰǷǱѰ
Ȼˣֻͨʵ΢СŻῼôվˣܶ޷Ԥϵ屻ıۡԼʿٻ£İɢʿ塣
ɽļ·ΪĸΡ
С壬ֻʿһɢ޽壬ʵܴеȼӵһʿʮϵʿΪʿһڵʿеȼ˥ΪС塣ǿǴ壬ʿʿΪʿкüͬʱļܹڱִλ
ӵнʿļ壬ǶǺŴ壬ʸɣһԾΪɽǿļӵнʿдСĿꡣ
ϼ壬ҲǸеȼ壬һڵļ֧ʵǼΪһϼʵ̴ˮеȼѸ˥ΪС塣
Ϊǰ;ЯǰȪջܲʿ׸ϼ壬ؼơ
ѽϸ磬Ҳˣ
м߸Ϲк
ϵܣϵܣǼλ͵ܽôҲһתԲͷʾһ£ȻʿȥЦ
Щδһ۾ۣոɶˣùһ𡣡
Ǽ߷׷ЦŻӦк
ϵ˼Ȼ˺󣬴żˣϵСȥջصʿ
СﲻЩϵļʿֻܴջԺһСͥԺЩ̶СܶϵʿջǺʿˣɱջʲô鷳źá
ɳϼСǰ
СҶסͥԺδȥϹϾĳԺͨ
£
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Сɫһۡ
ǰСŮҪºǰ̣ɷ̸

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¥Ŀڡ
¥Ĵڣһ¶ҵʿڿλϣˡ
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ҲڴҶ
ϧҶȫһºͶڵҶò
΢΢Щʧ
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΢΢̧֣żǫѷ˵
æƷڷڿϣҶĿ
һսǵеȼ˵һݼóĽҩһĽ鱦ѾǼΪгˡϾͨɱȲЩƴֵź壬ӵдѵ
ҶƳһϵƷ޶ԡݡ񡱶ͨʿ˵㹻ˣǶûκôУҲ֪Ϻʲô
Сǰ֪Ǻ£
ҶЩɻɿüΪɳƵѯʡڴ˵ޣ籩¶ԼмȻǾܵıй¶Լκ
СŮӴЩðǷ֮ǰѯǰǷԸңȢӣк᣿Ҳһеȼ壬ȻȲϴĲۺ񣬵ǱСǿࡣ
ֱ˵⣬ɫ糣˶ֵǰԸ׸ϼ壬֮ǰԼ̳Ҽ֮λΪϼԼ׼ļӵܵĻҲǰԼԸС
ΪԻȥˡ
ҶЩ֣ĮҡͷûпǱֱӻؾˡǱĽ̸̸ȴûа̸ءﶥһر뿪Ҫţڴ˵ؾ
ԭЩ԰ɫʱһ䡣
ǰҼСҲһŮӣòָΪʮű㣬츳ɫ⼸׵ļǡСΪ˱סҵļҵ״Ӧǰǰ̸׸֮£
ҼСʿһʮҲڵϣѵ䲻ǰ
ҵļЩߣҶʿҲ̲ס˵ϼ䡣
ˣߣ
ѿ˼㣬ŭ
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Ůɬ̸¡ʿȻ⣬һ֮ǧ֮
뿪ͥԺ
С㣬Ȼ뾭иصʿԸⳤʿ١޷λǰ壬ȥʿǼѡ֮ɳӵĺӶΣһʿɲս˴ʧܣ֮ɳӵĺӶΣϼ˥ܽ޷⣬ᱻ̲
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ƽȴЩãȻǰһʱߣǰ֮ô졣

Ȫջɵһ¥ԼԿȪջĶ
ʮʿڹȪջ
磬СȥǺʿˡѾǣûʿܿͳŲסôæ᲻Ǻʿ׸ңҲμӰ֮ɳӱȶ
ҿˣĹأǲܲμӱȶġһҲﲻʲôæ
ʿš
ߣҶףᣡȴǺʿСˣһ̲֮ңٺúʰ
мһɫ࣬ȭȪջĿ֮Уɺ޵Ļ𻨡ʿ϶Ǹ»ҰɢޣҲ֪ģȻ֪ޣǵĵ̣ǸҶˣ˲кüʿͲһʿܷ졣
ǣ磡


233 뼯
ҶؾĿջ
ϲδ׷Ĵǰݷã뾡һа취ͼҶɢʿ£ϼ֮С
ңʵ΢С壬رǰϣܴҶԸǰͶݷãȥμӸʿƷۻᣬд轻
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ҶЩʤš
ҪھŴ֮ǰţ֮ǰܵǿԼʵ
֮ޣǿ⴦Сص徲ɲκϽ֮ȥ
ҶɴлͣӼټЩʿ
ĿջһλڵޣȻСĲҶлͲС£Ҷ˼ڵȪջƽ
ҶڿջչĶ࣬޷Ľ鵤н׷ĵĴƵȵȡ鵤ƣɸԼƳ
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Ҷÿһ£ż뿪ջһˣԼɸƳĵͽ׷õķ̳ۣȡһʯȻ󷵻ؿջչ
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һ¶Ҵ磬װأʿʶ˵صʿֻΪһʦ÷̫ɡ
ңСأƽǼʿġʿλѾǼߣûĸ޹ȥһʿ
˼ڿջⶢҶĶǼٳδʲô쳣ʱһҲи

ȪջԺһ˽լıչؾڡ
һɴСɫӲӵĻҶ£γһյСķȡΧ
ھۼԶԶ
Ҷڣϥ΢աԷһƴС״䡷һᡶŹͼš
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һաաҶԪ֮Уһ˿һƵıǿ
ʱţһСȥ
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ԪǼΪ飬д鵤ãҲܼЧԪҪõǿҪ꣬ʮĿޡ
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Ҷھڣ֮бչҲ֪˶á
䣡
ͻȻһ˲䣬ü蹬ڵһöСԪһѤĹâ΢ġơһƺͻһεϣԪĹâȻŨ˼֡
С״ԪԵڣâţΪʢԾ
ͻˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀжʱһ֡
˺ð죬ԪŽȥ
ҶвɴΪϲ
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֮ԪǵĴͬ١
Ҷ˿ڵļƿĽ鵤Ѿù⣬ʯҲľ
һʱ䣬ջչ˰ꡣ
ҶԵġ䡷бķƵšŹͼ
ɽܻܿ󷨣ʱҲʼѧӷнеġŹͼպҲñʱ֮衣
ңԼɸϲ󷨣ÿմ󣬶Ứһʱš
Źͼţ󷨻ɬѶһСʱ䣬ֻǿ漫Сһֿ֣žѣ벼󻹲Զ
Ҷ˼ҳŹͼ˼ʱ֮¶˿֮ɫźϣҡͷûʮĹ󷨣ж衣
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Ҷһ£׼˼еͽ׵ķ뿪լԺ

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̶С꣬Ѿ౶
ԭԴϡٵȪջס˱ֵ͡洦ɼŸɫεŮʿЩԲ뱾صʿ
ԭϡϡĽֵԣҲڵ̯С̷ֵʿһЩͽ׵ϡ
ϺõĶľаٶĺòϣֻʯ
˭ҪƷ鵶ĺòϣǮĶˡ
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ҶڽֵȺ֮Уŵ̯ϵĻ·̯һЦ֮Щһĵͽǲ۵ġ
ֵ˳ڶ࣬ӣʲôʿС
ҶڽϹţͻȻǰʮŷεڵӾ
ŵĵ档ڶ࣬ʶЩӣЩڵӺܿʶڿɲ뷵š
Ҷ漴ѹһ¶ңתͽһС̯һûһ
ô
ոմɳӸող׽ģأʮʯһβζǿȵͽ鵤
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Сҡͷһβһ೤ϵ˶˺üջ㡣һ߶Ѿˡ
˺üˣһô𣿡
Ҷ
֪ˣҪ˵Χǧء׹ȵʿԶһЩŶ˵ǰս
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Ҷ΢΢һݡ
ĵرʮ֮ࡣһزɳӵɰɰޱϡ֮ʦɰԭƳƷ
ֻɰ٣ÿҲֻǧѣڱصĸУȻ󱾵ظ彫ɰšɸصļ嶼ǩйԼ
ֻļÿҪ»ֺӶΣź͸ݺԼҲҪǩһݡɵǰ˵أΪġ
СΪ̸ϲ˵
Ŷԭˡ
ҶĿ΢˼
ѹŸճȪջãŵʮڵӡѾŵĶӣǳΪӵʱ̫̣ڶϸ񻹲


234 
ҶͽǽСһ֪붷Ĳ
ͷȥСȺŵѾԶӰ
֪Ŵ˴δǰɹɰģλʦֵܣˡȻԼװ磬ź£ڵݵĶңǷϢǱ䲻˵ġʶԼͬŵӣܹӷϢϳ
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ҶܿЩӣת뿪зɿѰ˼š
ܿö⣬ձ뿪룬ȥؼѾûʯ뿪˵֮ǰȥϵķ̻һЩʯҲɸ鵤
ܿ죬ҶϽһ䷨̣˽ȥԼƵķһЩʯ
С֮
Ҷ̳Ѱ˼뿪С֮󣬽ȥһݾڵĴСغܶ࣬ʺҲв٣Ҫһʺϵġ

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ЩˮƯΣˮ洦
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ǲҪˣŵŮӣƾǼ˵Ҳȥᱡǣ
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һӽɫ԰׵ӵǫ˵
ϣϵܣġҰݻȻ˵ţҲʵĲ˵ϣҰݻŸǳûܶҡҵĵλֻǣеɰҰݻţµţ
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ϣɿǷĵŮһĽǲҶ࿴æص⴦̫СֻһЩģļڴ˵ˮࡣŴĴŴɣƲСطϵʿҲʲϡ
ξŴʿҲֻͨĶʿѣǩɹԼ뿪ǰݻŲͬǰݻǰ̸⣬ҵȻԸɰݻţаݻŵշȻ
ǺǣֻҪңպΪҼҲǴϣļϵļ֮λ
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ոոϣ̸˽ף˿ãӦ
һСȺʿ֮ܿŮӿڱ÷öѩ
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ԭļŮӶʱŭˣ̺Ůִ
֣·ʿΧۡ
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ŮӲмûǼŮӷҾҪö顣ǰݻѵҪǼʿɣ
ŮӵϸǼŮʿһۣŵŮӣΪЦŵڵӣȻҪ˵ӣŵĶڴˣҲҪһӣ飬Ҫˣ

Ҷ̻ʯڽϣͻȻǰȺӵ֣ƺһЩִڶʿΧ֡
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Ҷһ۾ͿȺмɫ԰ʿ
ôҲ룿붷ŴŶһЩͽ׵ˡĪǰݻŸһҲļɹɰ
Ҷü
ݻŵλν۹ĵɽλЩԹû¡Ȼ˳ƲϤĻ϶ϳԷķϢ
Ҷѹһ¶ңԱĹȥǿִ⼸Ůʿݣٶһͣ½Ų
ǼŮһӢŮӵʮϤ
ʦ㣡
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Ҷоȡ
ϺԺѧСһͬǰԵǡţϺȥ˹ŻšΪԵǣڳ̻
֮ɹɽǰ۹ȥһԵǣʱ㣬׼ɳŴš
Ź˶̶һ꣬ɹˣɽ
ڸʦʲô
ҶվΧ۵Ȧ⣬ĬĿִݻŵ棬йأܾת뿪


235 赲
ҶĬĬվȺ֮С
ȵȿᷢ顣
ȼŵӺһȺݻʿһãһò
򲻵ѣҲϣ棬鷳

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ǼŮӼΪߣŭŮӣһȺݻʿ
ŵӡ
ݾŴ֮һŴŸɽĵλɼߣ׹ȵɢ޶Լܹšֻм츳ɫܹԸԳ
ЩŴŵ뿪ţɽߵﶼڶɢĿĽĽ㡣׹ȵĵͽɢʿȥЩŵӣҲþŴŵӼΪԸͰǾŴŵɢޡ
ǸոհûãȻǵڵӣΪɽ⣬ʲôطܵӭʲôʱŵʿ
֮ͥܵ裬ɱǻܡ֪ԼһԷʿҲǿŲá
ǲãܡ
ðݻŵݻȻŴŵĵλԶɾСҲһ˾ɡĵλǾŴŵͨӿɱȣȻ˵ӡ
˿ûнǼŵĵͼӷ
һֵǧʯıѩ飬ֲʲô˲顣
ֻҪɵС檸ˣ⼸ֺηǵĸԶûλɵСҪ
ȻǿţҲΪǿһ΢С£λ鷳
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⿴С檳˿ɫһ
⼸ʶ̧ٵӣȻڶʿɢʿ棬˿棬̫ɶˡ⼸۵Ӷʰˣô£ؼģ
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ҶһֱĶ⣬׼һ֣ҲٱѹϢţ˲Ĺ͡Ȼǰһͬһȭȭңɫ
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ɼſ񱩷ĻɫȭӲĶԺһ
ΧֵڶͽʿʱǿײȭƵõɿǴ඼Ϊʿ˵̫Զ⵽Ҳܲסɱ
ҶͺһȭμδǣĻϵ֮УȻһϢڷѹƣŽϢ
ȴδסҶȭĺŵŵ˶վȽŸֱ΢飬ɫɲǼࡣ
㣡ڵĲˣ
ǰʿ˭ˣɾһʿѺԸı䡢αװϤķϢ˵ġǰʿڵɽʧŶҶ
ȫǾ޷š
Ҫ֪۹ĵɽҶλѲʹʱҶһڶʿλİݻҪһΪ
Ź˶̶̵һ꣬ޡҶȴѾͻ˵Ĳ㣬һԾʿһ㣬ҲĸΪǿ͡
Ŀ֮У֮⣬ŷŭͼʡ
һֱڿ㣬Ĳ֮䣬һСƿͻƣΪʱＸͣͲǰҶȴչ٣һͻĲ㣬ΪѸٱñǿ
ôܲе޽ӡ


236 
Ҷһȭ񱩵ĿһȺŭİݻʿжʿʮʿ
Ȼ֪Լֻἤŭ⣬ҶҲ˲ô࣬ܲɡ
ˣ
ˣȻҶϣ
ȺݻŵʿǵСʱŭ׷׺ţҪҶΧ
ס֣
һڼİݻŵΪҶЩݻŵĵͽʿκεҶУĸ·ʿڶ࣬Ҫֳ󶯾Ҳճ
ŶҶ޵Ŀ֮м
αΪһΪѼλŵŵĲ죬δкô¾˰ɡ
Ҷȭѹ˶ң
ҶģɽʱҰݻŵĺ¸ˣһûˣ£ĸԣ㣬ҾǼ
ɫཥָĲ԰ɫ
ĿⶢҶһֱۣӳİݻŭһߣΧ۵ʿȺ
ЩֵʿǼæ׷ÿ·Ŀ⿴һȺݻʿǱȥޱȡ
Ⱥݻʿ˶ڣڵӲҪ⼸ŵĵ顣ôǵźͺʿͻȻˣĿͷˣλƺҲǲ𰡣ʿʲôˣȻѰݻŵˣ
ٵͽʿηĿҶ
ΧֵʿǣŸɢȥԭΪȴ޹գòʿ֮£Ϊʧ
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ΪβǺˣ»жʿó֣ҼͶ϶ڣ㹻ʰˡôʿҪʲô
ϣĺ棬ʮֲ⣬Сĳŭδʵ
죡֪ߵغ񣬾ƾһССǵҲͨ壬һĶֵأ˭ʶңȥǵﲻˡ
⳯ϣһۣһ䳰񿴰׳һ
ϣͷһͷˮҲ֪ﴥùͷʱ첻ٶ˵ǿǺʿʲô˵ĵطʿѵʿ
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ɺޣ
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ȻŸ˰ݻżʯΪʯʲôȵϵɽһصľ޴ֵ
ݻ֮ڵɽҰܣؼľҶڵɽĶ۹ѰݻŸסˣŴʿݿ۹սݻʿ˵ɽ
ҪΪҶĲ֣ݻſԲɫڵɽ󣬴ʵݻŵĲ
޲ýҶңйͷ֮ޡ
ǣҶŵ״ӣλݻ֮£һŶӿɱȡ
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ʿ֮һֱȪջչɼ˼Ȫջ꣬ûʲô쳣״ֻ·˵أʱչһʱ䣬ܿͻ뿪
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˵żȻռ˵ɽأҶ⼸ӦڵɽִŶԣôܵչˣȻǰǰӣӦòǱɹɰġ
ҶҲ֣ҲɳƵͳװݡ
ҪҶüνϵҶķϢϲ
Ҷĳ룬ʲôŹֲɣ
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ĪҶǴһͨɢ޵֪ŵĺĶӣ
һ˵ŴŵĵӶϲҫԼݣ޲֪ˣصʿἫֺãνɽҲȫ߹ѣ档
Ҳмʿ⣬ⲻԸܵݵĸţϲĿںʵ˿
һĴ󵨵ͷ˳ҶޣӦú֪лᱨյɽֻ֮Ҫأ֪˾࣡
ͷһʱһʰ֮ǰĻɫһɨա
ˣʿʱвټҪر£׸壬ǲδɹҲ֣ͦ
ϣһæ˵
Ҳ£𣿡
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ĪǺʿʲô·
ϣЩ
ˣȻȥϼ׼ý׽ɰͷȥȡ
⵱ȻòŸϣʲôһڰϣ֧
ֳһݻŵڴʿԸ˼䣬¶Ц
ǣһ˶ˣ
ɫȵĴ̵ͷĿ¶׺ɫ󲽷ɱȥܿʧֵĽϡ

ҶһȺݻʿȥ⼸Ůӵģŷ
ڴ˵˰ݻŵ⣬˵취Ըڵɽ֮
뿪룬ȥݸꡣ񣬶ŵӣЩȡ
ӼҶ֣뼫Ϊ֮С
ʿӰϢϤϾҶǴԺģȻǼΪϤ
ֲҿ϶
ΪһǰԵǣҶһ棬ҶΪѹûǿ
ǰʿΪʵ̫ǿˣܹ֮ɻͬΪİݻʿڵʵ
ѵҶڶ̶һʱѾͻƵڣ
š
ҶĻٶ̫ˡ
ڲڵ߲ѡ
ʦ㣬ң
Ҷ΢΢̧һ¶ң¶ݣЦһ¡ϰõ걱´Ժĳƺ񡣺ְܿѶѹýʿԼò
ҶȻ㣡
ڿˣС쾪ȵ΢š
ƽżº͵ЦףϤˡҶ¶ݣϡ
ˣ
ҶЦ
šԵ㣬šǸһλʦǰ룬ִʦ˳һû뵽㡣
ͷ
ղǵ˰ݻŵǸС鷳ʱúŵʦһ𣬱𵥶ݻŵ˲ŵʿ
Ҷһ֮󣬲δ̸
ܿת뿪Уȥ뿪鷳
˭ôᣬȻڣ
ʦãʲôʱʶλǰĸ׼ʿ
ŵļŮΧߴߴ龪۲ѡҲŸոհŲãײڵӣʶʿ
Ǻܾǰʶһλˣ
Щ㱣
еһ飬ͬŮʵˣѩ˭Ҫ
ʦã㲻Ҫ
ҵʯ࣬鵤ö黹Ǹǰɡ
룬ҡͷ
鸴ӵҶȥӰЩҡ
ӱ´Ժ¶ͬʦֵܣŮԵԼͬ׷ɵѾ벻ͬš
ҶʦѾΪŵʿپˣպŶʿ֮һлͻƸߵľ硣ϺʦҲѾŻţĿǰʧȥϵȻ״ϺʦֵļͿޣֻΪҲҶ١
츳ΪҲͣ˲ԽԽ
츳ܹţʵҲƽӹǱҶϺĺʿȴǲԶҶʦܵʵɳ̫죡һС
ҧ촽˫һ㵭ˮӢϽ¶֮ɫΣҪȥͻڰ˲㡢Ų㣬ͻƳΪʿ
ҡ׷󣬷ɴ


237 ħʿ
ҶǱֵ֮Ľϣⷽȥ
Ѱ˼ţԼ뿪˵֮ȥݾڵһ
һݵͼ¼ݾ󲿷ֵء
Ŵŵǧ׹԰ټƵʿ۾أʮɳַаħʿ̾ĸӵشǱŴ߽޵ɽ󣬱鲼εɽ֡һЩչŵأʿ׽룬ΨһС档
Ϊ̫࣬ҶЩɣ֪ȥһԼΪ档
ϴڵɽʱʦ˵֮ݾŴ֮ǰ׼ʱšڵɽ˰꣬˰ꡣֻʣ¶̶ʱ
֮󣬽žݾŴʮһȵݾŴŶɳʵһ֧ʿСӣμξŴ
ŴűʵǿţӾŴѡǿʿСӣС֮е۷ĶԾ϶ǾĶǣ
ʸμӾŴĵӣֻһǧʿ֮УѡʵǿʿμѶȿ֪ҲֻʿʸμӾŴʿμ˵ʸûС
ҶУзɿѰ˼š
ԼҪμӾŴҲζҪڶ̶֮ڴڣõеһμ
ǣ⼫Ϊѡ
һ㻹һ㣬ԽԽѡ
ʿӵжԪ
ͨʿҪһʮʱͻһ㡢Ϊ⻹ΪڣʮҲδܹһΪ
󲿷ʿһҲڶѣܹΪࡣ
֮ʿ˼ѣƽӹϾܹΪʿģٶеˮ׼ȥ
ԭΪʯ鵤ѷ
һʿķѵʯ൱󣬾һɼ壬ҵҲ֧Ųʿõ
Դ󲿷ʿԼȥʯ鵤ȻҪѴʱ;ͨʿһųϵʱ䶼ʯϣʱ䷴٣չȻ
ǾŴŵĶż壬ӵһ𵤳򣬲ݲڳɫӵȫûʱ;ȥʯٶȻҪܶࡣ
źҪͨӿܶ࣬죬ǲ
ΪӴ֧ţŴӵܿͻڣʮͻʮﵽŲ۷壬ӵԪ弶ھ硣
ٶҪǷͨʿϣǲ顣
ҶһЩ
Ȼûвۺżܹɸ鵤Խʡ´ʱ;ΪϣչЩŴźӵ١
꣡
һ֮󷵻ţ
ڣܹͻƶٲ㾳磡
ҶĿ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ҶͻȻʲôȺƳһۡ
۽⣬̿ʮһ󺺵ķɿתһ̯װѯʻǮ
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Ҷ΢΢һüͷ¶һ˿Ц첽ȥ
˶ӣǺһòͨʿǸղĲǺӵĿ⿴Լüۣ治עԶԼ
ҸģʿҲֻаݻ¡
󺺼ҶֱӳС򣬲һ㶡
֮ҶȥԭΪҶ᷵ڵĿջסû뵽ҶȻֱ뿪С
ڸ٣˶෱ӣʿֵĵط֣ȻõΣաһȥ˼⣬һʵǿʿ˿Ҳδ֪
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ԥһ£ӻȡһŴΪһ⳯ڷŶȥٰҶѾ뿪СϢܼʱ׷
ȻĿһݣ޴ڷųһͷɫëĶӥҧų룬ðŷռȥԼʿֻҪɱӦܳŵ˸ϵ

룬ⲻԶǺˮļɳӡ
ҶδУźӰʮһվϿȡϿȵθӣʯļĺˮײϿȷľ죬Ͽ֮źХ쫷硣
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ǱɱºԶȥܷ㡣䱻һ·٣ɴｫӰˡ
Ҷ˴˴ϿȣȻͣ£Ŀһ£Ϊ⣬ָ̧ԼʩչһˮСһ΢Ĺâ漴ʧƬϿʯ֮䡣
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һֻ۵ĽɫӥɵϿϿգϿɸ߿ţϬӥɨ棬ٳٲδ뿪
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ͷӥƫɾϿϿӦòҰޡֻǰݻѱݣרٵ١򲻻ŲϿȣͷӥ͸ŷɵϿȵߡ
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ҶӴһɽ˼Ĵ˳ȥ
ɽһ˲仯Ϊһɽ⣬շ
ɫӥۼ⣬·һ̺ɱâʱʧ룬ĳҪ롣
ֻݶѣӵĹɽٶȡûӳʮɣ㱻׷ķɽһʡ
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쬣
ֹ˼һܻķڽɫӥɱϿȡ
һСӥͱɱˣ
İգŭš
ΪҶȻҸ̫ͷӥǰ׷٣ԼԶԶĸ֮
ûһɫӥʧȥʶϵϵ
Ȼӥûκʬ壬ѪζѾʮӥ϶Ǳɱˡ
ͷӵн𾦵Ľӥò׻߼ģüĹףΪ²ٹͣû뵽һͱնɱܲޱȡ
鷳ǣûͷӥĸ٣ѾʧȥҶټȥ
Ҷʯ󣬿󺺵İգɺЦ붯ͻϮһٽ󺺻ɱͻȻɫһݣԶա
쬣
쬣
뷽ĽâϿϿգâһ٣ȻϿһϣ¶һһŮʿΡ
һɫ쳣԰׵ӣǰݻ⡣
׷ɱⲢҶ֡
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ԭΪݻŵʿǰ׷ɱԼûȴǷħŵˡħǾŴ֮һҲʿٵһš
ħŵĶӣôݻŵһ׷
ҶƣѾʩչˮҷųʶȥ̽ŮӵΪⱩ¶ԼڡӣŮӵΪֻ߲ͣҲϣҲҾͶ˺һ˱׷Լ


238 СŮ
Ůһͬ׷ϿǰǰϿڴڣҵɽӭХǶԡ
ݼ
󺺼ˣæǰݼ
һ޵ĺŮʿһͬзֹҪ׷ɱʿҶ±ļΪأй¶ȥ鷳ôһħŵŮʿǰ
ֻΪ£ҲҶ顣
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˵ͷ̲ӦһĿḶ́ȴδҶټֻ鲻վϿ⡣
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Ϣŭ
֪²æ͵¼˳룬һ·׷ȥ˾ԼߣΪҲԶʤ£²Ҹ̫ݾߣԷųһͷӥ٣βںﴦǸٵϿȴӥͻȻɱʿҲϿʧȥټǱӥĸ٣ɱӥ֮ѡ°²𷣣
С¶첻ãǷκòһĻἫΪѵáΣպûõһ
ⲪȻŭȴǷá
һ仰û˵
һպлҶҶһǧٶȣպȻϣֻҶΪ˼ߵкھ磬µĽھ磬Ƕ֣ʱ˭ɱ˭˵
ʮ׷ɱҶĻҲֻôһΣʧʧ¾ȻҶŻʧ
󺺲ٿ⡣ĸ֮һһµΡθһʿΣ̫ߣҸ̫̫ˣ˵СҪ
԰꣬ԤϲĻҪ׷ɱʿӦû⸽һˣ׼㣡
ŮɨһǰϿȣ
Ŷʦô֪Ǳ⸽׼Ż֣в£˶ڣ⵨ڴ˵طң
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ΪݻŵһưٽʿУǾŴŵͨҲС
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ݾŴ֮УħһеɣڵӶ湦취йаɱءвٷħеΪ˵õʯ˽¸һЩɱĹ¸аʿ졣ħλӾŴ֮УǷá
ħݾŴ֮λɡ
֮ں棬Ϊħÿ˵ĵԶţԶѷţħھŴ֮еס
ħʿ٣һʵȴǿħڵٮٮߣܸŴŵĶʿ⡣
ħܹλӾŴ֮һΪħмλԪӤʵǿĽ𵤳ϸڶ࣬Ҳ׵ɽԷħŵӵļɵ֮¡
ǰݻĸǷħŵʿԷħŵʮ˽⣬ϵλŮӡ
λŮΪ쵤Ƿħһλ𵤳֮ŮʮΪߴﾪ˵ڵڰ˲㣬ڷħŶʿ֮кպϲŭ޳ССŮ֮ơʦ㡣
Ǿ㣬ֱжȥɱͷõӥȻ뿪֮⴦Ͽȣɱӥ˵㣬ֻǲ뱻ͷӥ¶ѡҪ׷ɱγҪһŻ㣡
ŮȻ
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ҲǴ֮ˣ뵽ܣʱ¶ϲɫ
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˵ȷͨɢޣŵһʿ
ԥҪҪ˵Ĳ˵Ļ쵤ȥԼʵȥ׷ɱҶɹİ̫Сɻð޴ķա
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쵤еɻδ׷ʵ
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쵤˵ɣ㾿Ҫɱʿʲôݣ˵ʵݣºұɱ㡣
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쵤ԣɿĻһ£вҶΪյԪӤͽ𵤳ϣûҲ˵ѡ
ȻûнڳֵֻöʮʯˡֻȸʯҲŻᶯ֣ܳɰܸŲ˻Ų㣬ֻе̫ĸϵ
쵤Ļ䵭˿δ䡣
ɱһͨɢޣɱһŵ״ӣ֮ɽʿȥ״ӵ⡣
ǣ˵ⲻʲôԴΪʿɥеʿʮˣĲˡ
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쵤ֽӹʶ̽һ£Ǵʯͷֵڶʮʯ
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쬣
ΪһĺɫٻӰǰϿڷȥ
ҶģؽħŵСŮ쵤ڷħſǰһʮĶڸ֣ѣ
аһ䣬¶Ц쵤ĺ棬ϰɡȻ۲ƣֻҪɱҶйڵɽԸͷͷ֮ޡ


239 ħ
⣬ħŵĺŮӣһ£ʿ׶ԸȻĿŵ׷ɱң
ҶĿаɱ⡣
Ͽڵʯ֮пٵĴţ任Լλãⱻ⡢Ů˷֡
һ㼫Ϊ΢ˮϵ֣ȫסҶϵÿһ粿λ
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ǸʵõĳˮϵСһˮϵֽһзϢй翴ڵʿ
ĹâڣڵʿͨĿӿΡ
ˮĿƷǡܿˮ
Ȼˣƺͱƣͬھʿ
ʿڸ߽׽ʿǰŪС
ʿʶѾΪǿ󣬿ʶɨԲʮﷶΧ̽⵽Ƭÿһռϸ΢˿ǼСҲܹ֡
ˮãڸ߽׽ʿǿʶѰǰ
ʵΪԽ߽׵ʿСԽС׻׶ȳС̫Сɲϴó
Ҷʯֵڻƶ
ͺŮӡǷͽ
ͽҲ㣬ĿҰΧ֮ڲСɽʯ֮ϰڵҰû޷ˮ
Ͽʮ﷽ԲӴϿмӿڶͱڸʸߴǧɣɽʯڶ࣬һʿǺ׵顣
ҲҶ⴦ϿȲ׼ԭ
ֻǣҶʩչˮ󣬸ԼҲһЩ㡣
Ҷʶȥ̽ȻҲ޷жϳŮӵΪʵ
󺺵ʵҶģһһһ㣬˶Ƚ׶ԸΨǸħŵĺŮʿΪʵ
Ҷֻܴƶϣ׷ɱԼİ֣ΪӦò̫ͣٱԼҪһ㡣
ȻΪҲ̫ߣǽʿ
ʿɽѾһԿɵһʿϵݻĸʿ¡ҽʿҪɱһʿҲô鷳ֱǿʶɨܽʿѳ
ǺŮӿ϶ǽʿҶɿѰ˼ţüͷΪӦڵĲ㵽ھŲ֮䣬Щʵ
Ҷһʯб任λãһ˵Ѱ
˾ϵһǰһСһ󣬿ɢȴԼγһ໥֧ԮСӡŮѰǰ棬ͷһҵĲλã϶ǵһ֡
ںŮɡǺ´ʮɣӦڻ⣬Է⵽Ժ󷽵͵ϮλΪȫ͵ϮǰĺŮӣǺ󷽵ĺ󺺣޷˵ֺܸ㹻ʱ䷴Ӧ
ҲŮӺͺ󺺣ѡֱϮм⣬ֻҪ֧һ򣬺ŮӺͺ̻һǰһмлΧ֮У
⣬Ҫأ
Ҷ侲ķš
һʿ˵Ƕ˵ȴȫڻһɸ죬ι˴ȺĽ׻ѻȫԻɱκһʿ
һųȺĽ׻ѻͱ뽫˶ɱκκ󻼡

λħŮʿʵɲ⣬׷ɱҶʿѹԵʵ϶Ǳʤɣ
ʮԶ䵱һֱҲڷǰﴫ
Ȼʵڷħŵڶʿ֮ǰʮ֮ڣССŮ֮Ƶ쵤ڷħպգҲؽҪ˵ԸʿʿҲûĶ֣
ǰ棬Цظ
ЩǣҶҪ֪λħʿΪ֮ߣ϶취ѣֻδ׷
Щĵ
صģħŵʿó׷ɱ֮ħʿϣҶȻҲ졣㳤ᣬҲѲˡ
ߵ׷ɱҶСֻҪܽѹͷĴ󻼣ұ͡вٵ챦ţʱһպҪ׷ɱŵһ²й¶ȥ˶ӣ׷ɱֻһĸǰ
л¶ؿƿ
ΪϲеķǿϵȻɫõһҲ
˽̸ţǰ쵤ϿһļļĻϿͱڣͽʿ׹ϿȺڣ˲Ϣ֮ͱ˴ķǡ
⡢˷һһǰҪ쵤Сӡ
ͻȻףһɫ΢Ӻ󷽶ʮԶһɽʯ࣬
ãҶĲں棡
ɫһ䣬Ȼ󷽿ȥҶ
𽣣
Ҷ˳̧һ糤⡣糤ɫ΢ۿɼٶȣӭǣɲǼ仯ΪһɳĽâɱȥ
ĻɱĿ겻ʵǿĺŮӣҲмλõ⣬ʵС
еһޱȵĽϮ¶ֻ֮ɫ
߾
һȻת˫ֽһͽ׷ȫעڣһɵĻɫâǵϮĽɫâ˹ȥ

âһΪĽ
շ˫۷飬ھĳ֮µŵŵзĵϲϸܵƣ麧Ȼһҡ
ҶķԶʤ߽׽𽣵ƷҲԶʤеĵͽ׷һ֮¼ķ顣
ͣ
ת߳ĽؿڣѪ⡣

ɴ˫Ŀ˲ģͨһԵڵϣ
ʲô˲õĹֶΣΪָԶɱˣ߽ʿķһЩʱȥѧᡣ
ֻһʵ̫ԷֵסҶĽһȴû뵽Ҷɱ
һֻһգ۹ѡ
Ҷɱͬʱ߰˼нס߽׷ɽȻʮԶȥ
ȻѾ֣Ҫ书һۡ
Ͽѡķص㡣ħŵĺŮѾϿ⡢˻δȥС޷ڵһʱͬʱҳ֡
õʱǳݣֻм˲ϢĹ
ҶҪǺŮӷ֮ǰһɱ⡣
׷ɱ㣬ʵԶ֮ϣȻҪͳȫ㣡
ŭ
ֱǳӡ
͵һ䴢ɳ߰˼߽׷ʶٿأӭսҶȫϮڶɽͬʱͳҶȥȭɱη֮ɫ
ȭʯҲԱѡʿ֮ǿһߣǵͬǿԶʤʯ
ãֱɱ
顢顢飡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ȭԺ䣬â䣬ʮҹʮ֮ࡣ
Ҷľ
Լ㣬ʶ˵ʶͬʱٿ߰˼ķ
һĺ竣ҲǾҷ֪ʲôʶʶҲѹϣһĸ߽׷Ȼ൱
㣬ԱҶһȭԺ֮вϺˡķҲҶۺ⣬Ƭ֮ͻܡ
ҶԼɱң
ⲻסĺˣ԰ױȴ¶ϲ
䣬˫ȭۿҪҶȭԺ䣬Ȼ֮ȴȭΪצצץסҶȭӲҶ˫ȭ
ȫҶȭۡһڴѪ˲ˡ
ϧ˻צʲôѵϧҪסԼǺʿϹϹˣҷųʮͷĽ׻ѻǶҲһһ򾡣
ҶüͷһЦ
һĪΣУƺвԾĵط
ȥɣҪеѪΪã
Цȣ˫צͻȻһİ׹⣬צҶ˫ȭ԰׵ɫϸǷޱ˷ܵĹâ񿴵˼Ʒһһǿ˫צӿ
ҶʱеԼڵľѪԼ˫ȭצա
ѪʿĸڣҲԴѪʢǿһѪţȻ˥Ѫ׺ľѪʿԪĸڡͽʿûѪıԪ֧Ų˶õġ
ʲô
Ҷ󺧣ʧ
ǧ㣬ûԤϵȻһżΪĹ
˫צڷľѪֻǶ̶̵ĺ򣬾ʮ֮һľѪҲζ֮ɥʧʮ֮һ
෴ԭ԰׵ɫۿɼٶȼҲڿǣ˳Ǻ֮ĹѾҶ޼ҪҶ
ԭѸٱࡣ
Ҷ䣬ţɫҲٱò԰ʧѪ˫ȭԽԽǿצ
ϵˣ
ޱȵ⣬ЦΪǸħŵСŮ쵤ֻһܵ竣ˣðݻҪɱҪ֣֮ҲҪҪ㳢ħѪȫ⣬ΪãͻͣͲǰΪ磡ŵ״Ӳ츳𣬶̶һȻңͻĲ㣡ҰѪȫ⣬Ϊ֮ͻΪȻɱ㣡


240 Ա
ҶɫʧѪԵ쳣԰ףĿ⡣˫͵ķͼѣ˫ȭù˫צסδܳɹ
ȥʮϢ򣬱ҪɥʧѪ
ҶĸеڵѪʧ̶һϢʧʮ֮һѪ
ԼѪĿʧ˫۵Ҳ类Ѿ
Ҷɱ侲˿Ļҡ
ĿǰȻΣգûеΣľء
ֻҪɸŻٻڵĻѻȺ̽ɱֻǷħŵĺŮӻԶδ¶Լɸȴܽһ𵱳ɱ
óԼΪʲôģ̫ͣˣҼȡѪ϶һͻĲ㣡
̫ˣ˷ܵ⡣
˫צץסҶ˫ȭҪϲ㵸
ŷȡҶѪоһۻӿֻҪѪתΪԼԪԿ϶һͻڡ
ʱϿļĴĻͱڣĺ󲿷ڸǣϰ֮
쬣
һٶȼĺɫӰڴϿǰ
쵤֮ǰϿȴѰҶδ˸ʼû̫⣬ֱԼ֪
أҶƴɱ
棬˫ֻΪΪɫ˫צסҶȭѪҶ˫ۣעڡ
Ԫ䡷
쵤һϳʩչĹʧ
ǷħϵɹԪ䡷ޱȡƪѪֱӼȡһѪƪɷƪԪֱǿԪ
֪ⷨжǿͿֲ
ʿȡԷѪԪڼ˵ʱͻΪ磬ȴɥʧѪԪѪԪȵı˳֮£һ˲תս֡
Ԫ˵Ҫ֪󲿷߶ͨȷʽͨɹ֮仺ȡջתΪԪǿԪ
ݵİ취Ǵĵرľҩ֮ڵõŨƳԪãܹͨࡣ
һַʽҪջһһһ͡
ŷħ߷䣬ȴֱӴӶѪԪΪѪԪƳ澪ףڼΪݵʱڱΪʵ
ħŵһԼƣšԪ䡷ΪһŶ
˵ħŵʦɷ䣬ħſ϶Ϊɽһǿš
ʵ⣬⡶Ԫ䡷ȻħŴ˲ٵĺôͬ˴ӡ
ΪšԪ䡷ĹЧж󣬺󻼱ж
ŹʿΪ˴ӶѪԪ봦ڡ״̬㹻ĿռѪԪ
⵼˹ʿƽյΪͣͲǰ
ѡӶѪԪĿ꣬ĿǸΪС
ѪԪϾʿԼģǿмȡѪԪͻӴںֱײһʧأ¾Ѫ߻ħɥ
ħŷʿƽʱΪԴ벻ϵӶἳȡѪԪһǧ󲿷ֶڰ;ûмա
ҲΪˣԪ䡷Ƿħŵŷ䣬ȴҲΪɹֻŽ𵤳ϵĸ߲ſֹŵĵͽʿȥӴ
𵤳ͻΪԪ޶£ŻðȥŹðһ쵤ǷħŶĵӣҲδħ
쵤ԭֻɱҶǿʩչĹɶȻͣ¡
ǷħŵɹǱŽ𵤳ϲѧôѧģĸǷħŵĽ𵤳ϣ𵤳ϲȨ߷䣬϶ĸ˽´ڵĹԭΪǼɫ԰ףû뵽Ȼ͵͵ҷħŵħ˽ѧŹǴ
쵤ɫãò⡣
ǣĸףħŵĳϸ߲㡣ǰݻŵǷħŵӣҲȨ⡣ҪãҲǷħŸ߲С
ʦ㣬ǰݻҲħŵӣħԨԴ㲻ˣ˵ʦ֮ǰǸոҵһʶʮʯؽǮ֣
ǿѹסҶ쵤֣ЦʦԾۣΪһҪѪΪã
֪Ԫ䡷ڶ࣬ʩչ
쵤Ȼ
Ȼ֪֮һӶԼǿ̫ĶֵѪԪɲɱش֮Ԫһʩչ޷ֹ;ϣʩ߻ܵɡҶΪĲѣǿ˶٣õĿꡣ
Ц
쵤ĬȻԣڰ֮⣬־ۡ
ҶΪһ㣬ʵ˭ɱԷ׵顣
ӦѾˡԪ䡷ƪʱѾʩչԪ󷨷ȡѪҶɥʧѸٱҶɡ
ûҪٲֻ֣農ʤɡ

Ҷڷɿļ㡣
ѪʧٶȣÿһϢʧʮ֮һѪһʮϢ󡭡һҪ䡣
ҶģϾҪζܰɣԵǺòװţΪĵӣΪ״ӣϧϧȴҪɥڱУ
⣬ޱȣЦԽԽ⡣
ÿһϢʤһɣҶҲһʮϢһһҶȵסΣѾʡ
ϢϢϢ
ʱת˲ţ̶̵ľϢȥ
ɫ죬ѪӯޱȣȡҶѪ֮ѪѾﵽȫʢ״̬
ҶɫԽԽ԰ף˫۵ҲԽԽɱ侲ĿĶ⣬ȴһϢʱ䵽
ⱻЩڣԼвԾĵطһ뵽ٹһϢ֮ҶҪˣĲʧ
ͬҲĬʱ䣬˵ʮϢʱ䣬ȥɣȻȻһ˫צͨҶ˫ȭѪ㽫ҶѪ׳⣬һһΡ
ʮϢ
ⷢԼڼȡѪҶѪûг˥ߣȻԴԴϵӿǵûмԽԽǿơ
üͷһ
ô£ôûн
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ȡôѪҶѪӦÿˡ
ͻȻоЩ֮ǰʲôҪĶ
ת֮䣬ҶѪͻȻ֮俪ʼӿϪΪһɺ鳱ӿȥ
ⲻܣҵȡٶȣҶѪӦó׺ľǡҶ츳ѪʿۺһЩҲӦúľ˲Ŷԣ
⾪
ڰ֮쵤ҲԾɻĴҶˡⶼ״֪ʲô顣
Ҷң¶䳰
Ȼˣ
κһʿܹɵѪޣɡ
һƽʱһ뷹ԱʮֱǳĴԵĳסˡһʮ룬ΨһĽʲôȻж
ҶħѪɵѪ϶ޣɡȡѪֻбһ;
ڶģ⼳ȡ˹ѪŲסӮˣȡ·ˣֻʧȥһЩ洢ڻѻѪڵѪѡ
ĪǡѪ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôҶϿȥ
ҶϴһöӵĽָһαװۣ֮ܲעĻʶһѪ
ֻѪԸʿѪ
ѪǼƷ׵ķ
ܻϺļҪγѪһɾκ˵ѪԴԴϳӿסѪѾɲˡ
ɫѻѪʯļƷѪһʿѪɵ𣿣
ҶЦ˿ûֹͣתڷ߶ѻѪڴ洢ľѪӿȥѪ

˫ĿԲ͹Ѫ˿ļ͹޷ƵͣĲ
ɽʹѪʿ࣬һѪҲܴٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮѪѣǿ
ǣҶĻѻѪȻѪ
ټҶѪıϡ
κһʿѪҲ޷ۺѪ
ֹͣȡѪ
Ԫ󷨻ڷ˵Ѫͣ
̶̵ĶʮϢʱ䣬Ѿ˶ϵѪԶޣڼաһ
ĲҽһڿƲסںֱײĿѪ
䣡
ҵıըֱӻΪһʮɵѪΧҵը
һ˲䣬ҶϽһһɫ֡
һҵѪɫˣƷʮ֮⡣
ҶײʯϣѪڣ̧ջԼķѪը֮Уһڵϡ
Ĵδըݻ١
ҶһץסǸϿɿɳӳȥԱûҪǷħŮʿ뿪ǡ
쵤ĮĿһۻΪѪ⣬û˿ͬ顣ħڶԪ󷨡ʿһŹҪľ
ӣûôף
һʯһţΪһɫٻӰҶȥ


241 ж
Ҷ磬һԾ֮Ͽȼ֮С
С
ħźŮΪߴڰ˲㣬еٶȿ϶죬ҷҲۺеʱ־áɱ⣬ҵĿѾɣûҪħŮʿͼ룬·һֻˮ·ϣ
Ҷзɿš
ĿǰΪͷֶΣ޷Կһڰ˲ʿ
Ƕɸᡣ
ⲢԸ
ɸڵĳȺѻĽݣʵ൱ʿٶȲ죬ʿٶȿ졣ǺŮƲһɸҲδɱ
ɸỹɱŮӣй¶ɸܣǲǻǱƲѣ׶ɸᡣ
Ȼ޷ѣҲԸ׶ɸᣬǾֻнɳˮΨһķǺŮӡ
ҶϹâţͷų֣䣡һ֮У˲䱻޴ӿξУ߶ʱΪһӵ
ס˴꣬ҶѾɳӵ̽
ɳǧݾ۹ʮСɺӵԴͷ֮ӡ
ʮվϿȣɳΪյĵط֮һ
඼ǧͱڣϿխĺӵɣˮӿ˺졣
Щڴ˵صϿȵҪӵ±鲼ӵѷ첻֪ͨδ֮׽һºȡɰ߰˲ʿ˺ɷ飬뱾صĲɰʿӲϿºȡɰ
Ψʿ㹻ͣԳǿİ֮ϿȼԱ
ҶϿ׼ʱѾǹһȺݻŵʿ׷ɱԼԽǿеΧ
һӣ˶Ҳ޷γɺΧ
ҶУֿŰ֮ӵİǱȥ
һգ۹
쵤Ҳŷ䵽Ͽա

һȣһ̽һһʮɵĻ⽣䣬ɨ
˻
⽣м˲佫ҶӵĺӴ˺ѿٳһʮĿռ䣬Ƭˮ˲
Ҷѳи
ɳѣˮϵʿˮУҵʵҲԶԶ֮ϡϵ£֮
쵤΢ü
˫һɨֺӵһӰӣܿ첻мЦһΣΪһ뼤УǵӰ׷ȥ
һˮУٶȱҶֻ첻һޱȵ㣬գ۳ʮɡ
ҶеһǿϢڿٱƽ̧ͷһһϸĺӰڼٶ
һģİĺӵȥ
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ǳ֮⣬иΪµˮѹʱ̵ѹ
һɵˮѹھŲʿϢһǧɵˮѹŲʿˮֻнʿǿ˿ֲѹ
ǿʿԷϸߵգֿԽҷǿʿǱˮ򣬵ֿԽǿˮѹ
ʲôطǿĸ߽ʿԶǿߣСʿԿ⡣
ҶǱӵİٶɣ𣬼ÿһ缡ⶼ
İٶˮѹѾܳܵļޡ
ÿ½һɣоһɸǿˮѹѹҪ顣
ҶһָеΪѡ
ٹСƬ̣ܿ׷ϡ
ҶԽ׷Խǵϸ£аա֮ǰûԤϵħŵһ˲ʿİ֣ӽ£׳֡
ã˴꣬˼ˮϵҪȻʸûС
Ҷһ䴢ɳһĴָСˮɫ顣
ˮ顣
ƷˮϵƷʵıˮ飬ҲһԼƵĸ߽׷ʯ̸󻻻ġԭֻΪб޻պˮ׶ϡû뵽Ȼó
ҶڿУһĹâܿסΧˮų⿪
̻оһɣܵˮѹ˾ųϡ
쬣
Ҷͬһ㣬ӵֱӳʮɣӵ׺ڰǱһǱӵ߰˰ɵȣˮҲ˳ѹļޣ޷ٸҶֵˮѹ
ǿǱˮҲᱬѡ
Ȼת˫ְŷ쵤׷
һϸĺӰӺϷٳ
쵤Ѿ׷ҶȻǱ˰˰ɵȣɾ졣ˮѹֻʿܳסΪҲڣȻܳסˮѹĪˮϵ
գ
쵤Ͼ룬սپж̽һӣһɳĴĿɫâ˲ѿǰˮֱԶҶȥ
ˮ
Ҷһ˫һƣϷöˮ׷򣬳ǵ쵤ȥ
ڡ
ǵâײö׷򣬽ˮơ
䣡
ӵײϴƵһƬ׹ⱬ˲䴫ϰԶ
ǿҵ׻˲˴㵵쵤ԡ

ʱ֮
ǧٵâˮ䡣
ӵƽ
Ҷ϶ʮâˣѪҺȾΧˮ
쵤ʮ׻ͬǱΪѿ
ˮУ󲿷ַսᱻƺˮԽĵطԽһͨĽâڵնʮԶˮնһѾ˲
ˮϵϵս⣬ˮзǵǿ
ҶˮԭֻʮɵĸǷΧӵǿӣϰɷΧżΪǿҵ׻Ч
ˮĴΧ쵤ƿ
ҶЯˮϵ֮⣬ͬʱˮϵϵƫƫַˮǿ
ǻϵϵʿ޷ӳϵͷϵٶƣӵױƵļΪ߰ȣʵһ롣˰ɵȣĹֻǿӳ
һһΪϵĲ༸ȫת
ʱĶ˿ûռˡ
׷ɱңѾˡҶǾŴŵӣֺ֦ͬαؾңҲɱҡӲҪȥҲܾˡ
Ҷ˫ٶȼöˮ΢ŭŲԶ쵤
ĴҿԷŹ㡣׷ݣ쵤ҲҪɱ㣡㷨Զۺһľڣ
쵤ŭ
ҪĴ
Ҷһ
쵤ȻҪĴ
Ȼ֪Ĵڿ϶вʯ鵤ֵ֮ǮƷЩֻ²ֵ쵤׷ɱɡ
ѵ
ʩչһֵĴ󷨣ǿмȡֵѪΪżƷѻѪ䣬һȡѪ̫࣬Ա
ŹΪء
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ʶĴ̽һ£ڴڹȻҵһöīɫһƪšԪ䡷
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ҶϾϸֻһۣеһͷƤ飬զࡣһаħħžȻµĹĻħ
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ҶϷŽɫâɫâİĺŶ治Զһź쵤
˽ŵĶš
ǻֵĹâɷԲˮ
ŨҵɱҶ˿ڵѪҺƮɢ
ǱӵһʮɳŵѪζӲϿʯѨ˷ܵ˹ǧ֮⣬ȻܵѪǹɱʱܵţ쬼¼ٴܻĶѨϳɢŨҵɱȻĽܿ⡣
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ͼ׷ɱңɱĴսƷȻУɽǧµĹأ޿ɺǡ㿪ڱҪҽ㣬޿ܣҪߣɱң
Ҷ쵤ЦѾ˴ʱҵĹ۲죬޷˫ϵʿϵٶȺͻϵ½ӵмǿսϧ˰ˮ˫ϵǿˮѹȫƣûʿҪǲһԣ
ĬĬʩϷֳһööҫ׹ˮЩȭͷСˮԽԽ࣬öˮ򣬸ΧʮɷΧڡκһˮȫǡ
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쵤ʪ׻ԣֳֽյĳϿԨӳâļĺˮ·ɽȴԺӵҶ޿κΡ
ϿԨ˰Ϊ̫ǵɱҶսʤܡ
ħźպСŮ˲ʿȴˮ˳
ûڱĽ׵ʿгԹĿ
ҾϿȣˮ֮дһӣ
쵤ˡ

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Ҷֹ˼䣬İˮףһʯϢ鵤
һҲ˷ѡֻж̶̵ʱ䣬ȥھŲ㣬õμݾŴһʧȥλᣬֻܵһʮˡÿһ춼ץøǿˮװ˰ԨҲһ
쵤ˮ
Ҳȥһȥɥʧ˰ˮ쵤ѹãĻҲ쵤
ҪҪ˳ɳӣȥطУɳӵĺˮǳ뿪˵ؼʮǳˮƽ϶ᱻ׷ϡ
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Ψһİ취ǴϿȵˮȴ쵤ȥ
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䣡
ҶǿеסһƺһһѪ׹ϿԨںˮ飬Ѹٶ

ʱ䣬ҶںӵˣθϺ鿴쵤ʼϿȵɽߴźеĶģȻ쵤ߣֻܴط
֮Ҷθʱֵûп쵤Ӱ
Ҷ뿪Ͽȡ
ϿǷԲˮĵطǰ뿪˭֪쵤᲻͵͵ʿȷٶȣǵ顣
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ʿȻܱٹżñٹȵУǳòʳмСٹȵζáϼѵʳҶҲ⾭ñٹȵ
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ߡ㵹ңڣһ㲻ż뿪
쵤лҶɿ⣬污˪
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ҪΪħǿ֮һսŴŵֻдħŲμӾŴȡܻһʾ޶Ľ鵤ʯͷ
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Щ飬ǲмҶʿ˵ġʿ˵ŴһǳңԶ飬Ҳһʮ֮󣬲һ˿ãϣ
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쵤ĿһתЦ
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쵤Ц
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ѹôȣϧɱ㣬㻹治׶Ը
쵤Ŀ¶֮ɫ


243 ɽ
쵤Ҷ˼
һֱû̫Ҷ
֪Ҷ״ӣɱλݻϿǧԨС£ĵ׶ٻƲ
ΪҶڵΪĲΪκ˵ҶĶ֡
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ϿȺ̲㣬ûвҪǶʩֱӳϿԨ֮Уǧˮκβ
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θҶ϶ҲͱŵĽ𵤳ϴţ˽ҪõⴢڵġԪ䡷Ҫ֪ǷħźĶӣ˵ţϡеһᡣжϴˣ֮󣬰ݻڣ
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Լ˵Ϊŵ״ӣʿǸӴɹ˵
Ԫ䡷Ƿħŵ֮ǿ󲿷ֵͽʿһõ϶̲סȥűȱھ޴ջ֮£Ҳðһԡ
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쵤һϮ£ϸ񻣬ڽ棬աǿֽ󣬰͸졣Ҫǻ͸һɱǿҲ֪һĿˡ
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λݻŵӵзħŵɹԪ䡷Ǵĸеõġô޴֪϶Υ˷ħŵŹ档
ҵУ˴Ȼ޲ɱҡЩ֣ʦôڴ˵أһ׷ɱң
ҶĿ֦Ϸ濾һЦʵ
Ҫȥһ֮;룬ͣգûǡ⡣ҷħһλǰãؽ׷ɱ㣬Ҳþܾ
쵤˵⣬ЩѾˣ֮ǰ¾ʹһʹҸûʲô飬̸ϸҲʱ䣬ֻҪеǷݡԪ䡷ұ뿪Ҳ֪ɱ˰ݻ
⡶Ԫ䡷Ҳ㶪ŵõܾ㡣
Ҷҡͷ

쵤üһʱŭ̲סսеķɽ
Ҷϰֵ֣ȻҲȥɣ⡶Ԫ䡷һöīɫأԽи¼һö¼㣬ʯֻв޿հ׵򡣡
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쵤ѹͷŭ⣬ҲҶּۻֱۣóһװʯСһöɫ򣬳Ҷ˹ȥ
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Ƕڼֵɹķħɷ˵ʯֵһᡣ֮ǰеõʮʯ𣬶Ȼ̫⡣
ȻˣҶ˵ޱֻúôԿ
Ҷֽסһʯöհ׵İɫһʯĿȻ÷īɫݣĸ¼ɫڣ뽫ɫ򻹸쵤
Ҫöīɫ˭֪ûڸ¼ڶֽţҪؼ֮һ䣬Ǽ֣֮أ
쵤
аɣöݶһ
Ҷδڸ¼ֽţȻ³⡣ɫ£öīɫӸ쵤
쵤ӹīɫʶɿ鿴һ飬ȷǷħŵġԪ䡷֮ǰȻδǶĲжš
ô˵ʦǴ⡶Ԫ䡷㲻صĸޣԱ⡶Ԫ䡷˵ǷħŽʿ˹
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ҶʦܶҷħŲ޶˽⣡
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쵤ЦߣҲϡ档һԾӡݾŴ֮һķħţħһʿɵšŵʿƲҷħţȻԸᡣ
ֻǾɽڵֿ֣ɽΣڵϦһɽսܣ볹ľءʿҲãħʿҲãòָɱѾǰμƲ
ʿħҲû̫Ľɡ
⡶Ԫ䡷Ӷ˵ѪԪΪֶΣܹڼʱڱʵһżΪԵޱȵħ
ֻҪ˹ǿʿʵԵֿ洦ţҲֻһֻ۱һֻۣڡ
ֻҷħŵġԪ䡷ҷħſԪǧǰɷ䣬ڳڣȱҲ࣬Ҫһ߲ʿƺ׫ơʵǡԪ䡷κһŹ١ǧĲƺ׫γɡ
ֻԪ䡷̫׳ˣԱŲͽ׵
ֻŵĽ𵤳ϣͻԪӤ֮£Ϊ飬ƴ˷䡣ҽ𵤳鼫ΪḻܶԡԪ䡷׫ơ
˵ҷħŵԪ˹һħСʿΪħſ֮һ˵˹ǿɹ
ħʿĹΪٳɣϧⲢ֡죬Ȼõ⹦ĺôͲ·աٳɣֲðκηգɽô˵顣
˹ʱӦý϶̣ŸոƪѪĽ׶ΣΪԡ˺ƪԪ׶Σˡ
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ҶÿɷĵЦԼΪֻһ㣬Ԫƪ˵׼Ҫɸɱ⡣ɱŶûС
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СŮѾڰ˲㣬֮ضھŲ㣬ʸμӾŴ֮Ŵֻ»ﵢ˰£ץʱǡ
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۵ڼܿ컯Ϊ̲ѪԶβ㣬ȷü鵤ĺôࡣ
ֱʱ֮쵤ѾɳԶŶϨȥ
Сأûأֻʺϵͽʿ
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ӵԪӤϵΪ㹻ǿֵܹɸ߿յķշУҪ׳Է絶ÿ궼вɽ絶
ݾǧٸС۹δκһ۹ĽܹƬϵɽһ۹ĵͼƬδصɽԼأɳʮﾫɽڲɽ壬ããɽ֮ȫ
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˵Ϊٵɽ壬ЩɽֻɽΧһԲɹΪɽ
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ΪɽգɽֻܲдԽɽʮգǰ߷ǡ
ǲвȷУпԿԶеҰС߸յ˵أеͼҲѵɽ֮·ɽ·ʿ˵ɲһʲôȤ顣
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Ҷ˵ͼ϶ɽĽܣԼǰǡеĿ꣬ɳǡ
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ˣϵղ˵ɽʯʲô⣿
κֵĳʵ˵ϸʵĶʣֻͷѯʻ顣
ɽʯɱϵޡ̫գ˭ܸɣڴ˵ҲУǿӶߡʿȥ˶Ҫ˲أҲֻоḻкʿʵɱʯɱһͷ߽ǧʯ
ЩкʿɽỨ̫ʱ;ϣɽ֮ɱޣõƤ֮ԭϣзӡɽĲ϶ϵȻɫЩ̵ʿչȻ͵ԶɳȥüǮ
Цܲҵ˵ĺûͿˡһҲһǧʯ
һǧʯ
κԾ۾
κϼԵǾӪ̡ÿҲǧʯѡɽһ̣ȵĲҵˡ
ǵȻ˭ԶΣյɽ˻ҪǱǮۺĻ࣬ĸ࣬һǧʯҲѰϷЩɽ̣û
߲Ϊ˵
ǸɴϻˣЩǮܼʯ㹻ü鵤Ļˡͨʿһʿճõ鵤һ鵤Ҫüʮʯ춼Ҫá鵤չʮֻдѵʯ鵤٣
κʱĿⷢ
˵˵Ϸ򾭳ɽ̣ᳵ·ҪԸǮϻұһЩ
Ȼͬ⡣
κϵ̫ˣôף̹Ȼʯ̫ʱˡһ̣ȥҲҪһ£ȥԶĵطҪꡣǮٵĻһҲôһǧʯѡĲ࣬
ǻǵսȵʵ㹻кʿȥɽɱޣɱһͷҲüǧ顣ʯֲΪ
ʿҡͷ
ʿҲ׷ҡͷԸȥǶʿ඼ʮָ꣬ΪܸһһжΪأֹʯȴ£Ȥ
˶ԸȥκҲЩˡ
Ҷʦȥȥ̣
κҶȥ
ҾͲȥˡɽΪûҪȥ̡
Ҷҡҡͷǻʵ֪ɽʲôطʺҪ޵̣
ҶֿˣɽһŨ֮ظǲٴʺϱչӵĶս֮أҲ޵ɽ֣ðĶ󡣲˵صʿһȥڵ֮ٿȥɽ
߳һ£˵
ǵͼϿֻ֪ôһܵĲࡣ
Ҷ
һ͵Ļһʮ㣬ܻûޡÿµĳһῪһΣǵʿս޶ľ顣ѣʿڻһͷͬ׻ޣɱͷֻ֮һͷµĻޣԴԴֱֹʿƣߣ޸ɱŽ
ϸ˵
޵ؾȥ
ʿʵ
ǵȻÿǣϷ򶼻һΡ
ߵͷ
֪޵ڼֶã
ʿʵ
ʵĺãؼһûʿܴһʱѾǳˡϷһΣһգʮʱԽãԽࡣϷ˵ҲᡣԽ֪еİˡ
߸룬Щ


246 ִ
ʮɵĳӣɽ֮俪ٳʯϼСԽԽߣУЩƥǳ걼ɽصԣɽ䱼ɣ
һڣʿһûһɽ֮¡
ڰ֮У߾ɽ̣ǶϷһ֮⣬Ҷκ硢˶ǳ˵أϤ
һ·ûͣЪż޻ĺۼ
һʿ˵Ǻܰȫġ
ǿ޶Ǳɽ뿪ǵĵ̡
֧֮о󲿷ֶʿʮ֮࣬Ⱥޣ޷
;ЩȤܹĵ̸ʱϾޣ˵һձ˵ˡ˽ǳҲ̸Ļ⡣
˽ĬԴޡ
ҶʱڱĿڤ˼ĥš䡷͡Ԫ䡷Ĳ졣
䡷ɹϹŵĹͨپۼΪá׹󽥽꣬ˮɣֻҪʮꡢ겻Ļɵһ졣
ҶĿǰǡ䡷ֻȱƷϵⲿЩҪ⹦ĹЧԲ
Ԫ䡷ħɹĴɡӶ֮ѪԪΪã˼Ϊڶ̶ա֮ڣõŵͻͽ
ⲿȻܳΪݾŴ֮һħŵɷ䣬ħȻ֮
Ҷ˿С
Ԫ䡷ڡѪڡɷڡԪȣ轫Ѫ󲿷ΪԪѪѪ飬¿ȱ󣬼ȡ֮Ѫֲ֮ȱ
ǣÿһʿѪޣʿѪѪʢġʱǿмȡ˵Ѫ϶ѪűԱ³
˹ѪƪҪľǴԼѪѪ顣ԼѪˣ㹻ȻǿмȡӶ˵Ѫ
ԵĺݣҪԼĺݡ
ҶѾϸ˹ʮ飬ϸÿһ־İ塣
˵ʵҶԡԪ䡷׹ΪĶ
ĶħҪǻԵɺϣеõûطԵõҲðŵħСŮ쵤ΣգҲҪ⹦¡
ֻҶһܴɻ
⡶Ԫı׶Զ׼ǾǾԲϱԼǿϺܶĸ߽ʿһˡ
ͼǿмȡҶѪΪҶ˻ѻѪ䣬Ѫʿۺ˶Ѫ֮Ա
Ҳ˵⹦ֻܶԱԼСĵ֡ŲΪȡ࣬Ա
ҲζšԪ䡷شȱݡ˹ʿʩչ˹ԸΪǿĵˡ
ˡ
һսˡսϣû취Լѡģĸ˱ĸˣʱȥʼݡ
ңСĵ֣ԷǿҲܻš
СĵϣһζӶɹ
˭ܱ֤ԼһֱܺãСĵˣ
ЩʵǿĵˣαװɺСȥձϹαװСյеֶΣʤȷֲԾʱѾ̫ˡ
㾭鼫ΪḻʿҲп۵ʱ
ӶʮΣֻҪһʧ󣬾ͻ֮֡
ҶɲԼ⹦ͻȻһοۣ㳹׶ϾԼ֮·
Ǹȱݡ
ȱݲԪ䡷ǻʵżΪã˹Ϊչ١Ҫȴȱ̫󣬼ޱȡ
Ҷ⼸һֱѰ˼βܽȱݣЩա
ֻǣҪħŶȱݣ̸סֻ·ħŵ桢𵤳ǣҲΪͷ۲ѡ
ҶеԪ䡷
Ǹܳ嶯
뵽취˹ȱ֮ǰȥðաɼ䡷չȻЩǸΪס
֮
һгŵ͵ɽ·ڵɽߵһɽ塣
ɽʮλƶ֮ϣ֮
ɽһɽķۣһӴĹųǣΪǡ
ҶͼϵĽܣݴһȺϹʿԵǵʷԶΪɽһ߽ڶ࣬ĶΪϸߵʿ
ˣ
ǰݳĹ´ߺ
ʿ׷͸ȥ
Ҷһ۱㿴ɽƺһƽʮľ޴ƽأһ޳ǣǽǾ͵ȡģõӲʯǽΰ۳ͬ̾ƶ˵Ѫʯһ㣬Ʊˡ
ΪԶǽϹż߲дսĺۼѪڣЩѪųͷʣ̳ɫ
ǽԼɼеʿɱ֮
Ҷľ
ǵĳ˭ɡ֪һռסɳǡͷѪ񾭳̣
κųŵĽ촽ͷڻʵ޵ֿ֪˭̣
˳ǾŴһͬƹܣڶŴʿڴ˵һ£ǧʿ֣˭Ա˳Ÿط£
ЩѪǺɽеɱµĺۼ
޻Ϯǣ
޲ǲɽɽ֮УôϮǣ
ڵ˶һæʵ
ϵǵİȫҪǾϮ϶̫ȫʱĵ
ʮɽڶȺЩƽʱ뿪ǵĵ̡ʿɽɱޣСǿȺЩ޷ŭ֮ҲϮǡСɵ޳֣ɳܽɱ⣬Ҫʿ֡ģϮǲꡢʮҲδܼһΣϷҲֻǰһΡ
ҡͷ
˵ţ¡
ԳӼһû⵽żõʿʿǲƣֻɱ˶ӯаʿɳǡ
󳵶ڣڳһɸջͣ¡
ڵʿǣ׷׳
ǰĵһһʿͶòŮʿ
ǻʿĿĹˣƳҶһȺɢʿӺ¶ĵЦ
һȺɢҲǻߣȥҴʦȥҴʦֿǽŵڶʿ۷֣Ǳʮ꣬պգǼʶһ£
ǻʿҡͷǶŮʿЦȥ
˭
ԹԴϵֶӣʮѾڣż壬츳ָߣȻƲǡвĽʿȥ
ǵģֲʲô顣
ʿЩߵĵۡ
ôţ
κԹıӰһڣעܿڣֵ˷ܣҶʦ֣ȥȥʯ
ԭɽɱʯǱһˣȥȥʯֲԸȥ
κҲڣɴҶʲôҲȥʲô
Ҷ϶ɳԿ¡
ÿµĳһſһΡĩһ죬ǳһһջٺãȥ׼ҪƷȻһ߰ɣ
ҶĿȣֱһҿջȥ
ֻʱȥŲ㡣ȻǣһҲ뵢飬ȫ


247 ϵĲ²
Ҷκҵһͨջ
Ϸ򸾡硢һϼƣҲջס¡ǳͬһǣҲԵҲûʲô˾ѣסͬһҿջҲ໥иӦġ
߳ǣڳӦв˾ѣֵǣҲһͬջ
ҶκЩǣڵĿջʵǹף᷿ͨһȻҲҪһʯҪ֪ԵǣһҲֻҪһʯѡ
ҿջķǮǻǱ˵ˣЩ꣬ʮʯϰٿʯһ죬ľˡˮҲֻЩżʿס
κԹ˼䷿Ǯ̫ŵʿҲֻͨɼͰ͵ģܹòǧʯڿջϻôʯ
ǿջƹ̻һ䣬ǵĿջۣҪӹȥɽ￪һջҲʡˡ
ʿʱ
ɽи߽޳ûûмߵΪս˭ɽ֮пٶǽʿҲҳʱɽ֮УҲֻԪӤʿŸ
û취˸⣬ͨջסҪȻŵĵطûС
ҪôɢʿҪôͨʿϰʡʡȻȥסĿջ
ҶľһЩǰЩոմӷħŮ쵤ʯͷȽϿԣҲûҪ˷ѣڳһŵĵطˡ
˰ٺס֮󣬱뿪ջ취ȥʯ
һдԶǣҪĿĵȻΪ
Ҫѵʯ
ҪǶ棬һԪʿʵĸԪԽǿԪԽۺʵԽһսͷȵȣΪߣûõóֵսͷҲʮңвͬλʿ
ԪҪԪ伮Ҫʵʯ
սͷҪսšţй򲹳䷨ơ鵤Ҫʵʯ
ҪһͷޣҪιȡ
סڣÿһ춼Ҫʯûʯ粽СҪȻ˵סڳڵķǮ
ߵʵǿһڤ룬һ󳹴Ȼͻͽշ
û㹻ĲףżߣҲֻܺޱÿΪʯķΪ
Ŵźʹɼ֮ǿźͼʵۼӴޱȵĲܹʵǿʿ
˵ʯҲ࣬ͨ
ŴֱռݾڼеĴľأռõɽŵʿʿԲǸŵĲŸƵʿ
ҶκΪŶڵӣڷֵһɽƬȺҩ
ҲԼȥĴֻӶڵӴΪϣÿ궼յһʯȻʯ࣬ҲṩһСճ
ȻˣȫҲСŶҲ辭취Щʯ
ɼѷһڸɳǾӪ̸󡢵̡ֲȡҩȵȡСС֣弸ʮڡϰٿʿǺɵġ
ǹҰɢʿ
󲿷ɢ޵ƽӹȲŵӣҲǼʿ޿ûʱԼȥ·ʯ
õģԼе츳츳ȥݸʦʦΪʦѧһ֮Ҳиǰ;ܻһЩ
Щûһ֮ɢޣҪôðȥɱޡҩõܷһСᣬõֱڻɽҰҲû֪Ҫôȥ̣ղЩܷ࣬ʱ䡣һ˶Ҫ£򼸸´ꡣ
ʯİ취̣ڵͼ۲ɹȻ͵Զʿ۾֮ظ߼۷һʲۡ
ʱ䶼˷ѱ·;ϣܵһڶ㣬ɴ˿ɼһߡҲû취˭ƽӹûһ֮ɢء
ЩԹɽĲŸûʲôɫⱲϣ취ʯ鵤ͻһΪ
Ҷʦ֣ȥҵʲôɣ̫ʱ䡣Ҫȥ費Ҫ֣ǵΪտ¯Ӧû⡣Щǲ̫
κҶʯ
ҾͲȥˣͷһЩʯ㹻Ϻܳһʱ䣡κʦ㻹ԼȥɰɡῪǵòҪ˾С
Ҷҡͷ
κһͷʲôΪĽ˵ʦ۹ɽΪʦһͣʦŽһʯ϶㹻úܳһʱˡѹʦһΪͻͽչ֮졣ҲգȻʦֲȥԼȥҰɡһ磬һȥ
Ϊ´󹦵Ҳ˭ϣҲֻĽķݡκҲ׹ȶһʱ䣬ϧʲô鶼ûϣɽ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷҲû͡
ʵŽʮʯͱ˸⣬ɸιѻ˼ʮͷĽ׻ѻսֱӷʮǿզࡣ
ֻʯá
ҶܹɸҲ˷ʱȥ취ʯʡʱ䶼Ԫս
κҶȥʯֻܶȥһɡ
ῪȥǽϿ㶫
ҶѰ˼ţ׼뿪ջȥߡ
ǣ
޵ѣ㲻Ҫ𣬲ȥɹôڿջ
ҶЩֵ
̽۹⡣ǰһλˣϷαԶأ
ϣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
˻
Ҷ
ҶֺκѶŶӣκһʯ·϶ǳȱǮ֮ҶȴҲһҲȻҶƣȱʯáϷȻ÷ֱ˭˭ҪȻûϷҶѲʯһҶǷ裬ϷҲСһʯֲΪ
ߵЦ
Ǻǣô˵޵ʲôң
Ҷһ²⵽˼֣Цʵ
ҡͷϷûϷ̣ڵĵͷߴ򽻵֪һĺȥһͷ֯ĺУרСɢ
У
̸󡢽̶˰ڽе̯Ҫ˰вٵͷ߳У˰ҪɢȥģСרһЩϡ٣ǼƷǸط˽ܲܽȥ˳ɽĽףһСɡϷҲǴϵ֪͡Ҷ벻ȥп
ߵҶᣬϸ͵ĻҲһǧʯۣߵҪǧ򣬲ˡ
˵ЩɡһֱҶĵϸ
ֻ֪κҶλͬʦּΪء
ܲѰ
ŴɣеӼΪڶࡣҲΪ̫࣬һ˵ͬŵӣʵϵҲ׽ͬʦֵܶ඼İˣ̸Ͼء
˾Ų㣬ʵǿ󵽿µ콾ʿָ֮ͬŻͬʦֵͷҶͬӣλ˭Ҳ˭ǫ
κҶ̬ȣȻΪأеͽֺõζҶڵΪ̸϶ǿ
׼Ҷžʲôλ
һԣҶĵλԶκܴĳλ𵤳ϵĵϵȨκŻͽᡣ
ɽ˻ϰ꣬ʶ㣬˾һ
ͬеλʿƫƫҶǿһ㡣ΪҶĲΪҲ˽ݷҶܲɼ⡣


248 
Ҷһ£ȥ˵ĺпڵĲ㣬ͷȱһЩԼõϵǺеĻֻûԼҪĶ
Ҷ߻ˣʲô
ɢһ㲻׵ʿҪȻùֻɢԼڣڳľŴŵʿࡣ߾ʮӵҲŪʲô
ãҶ룡
жʱһϲҶӦôˬ죬ϷǺеĻһǧʯֻۣҪһܴеüʮʯĸϰٿʯɡʯɱĴס
ߴ·뿪ջڳǵĽҹգƬ֮ڶϽǵһ䲻۵̡
̶һЩΪ˵С
мʿڿء
ȻǾͣصļʿһкҶһ档
˹һתʯţʯźһĴʮɳڷһŴ̨ΧΣʹáʮʿΧŴ׿̨ţס
Ҷ˹ȥ̨¡
Ҷһ߿ţһߵҶ
еʿӣе̰˵ľŴʿеǾɽðյɢʿеʦʦеתֵġеĻ˰ǱȳС̸ĻҪ˺ܶࡣȻˣеĹģʵͦСӰ첻
߾̽ٻǴá
׽ҫʯһ飬Ƹ߽׷ɽĲϡһǧʯۣ˭Ҫ˭ļ۸߱˭
Ҫһǧһٿ飡
һǧһʮ飡λֱˣȱһҫʯʮ飬һ߽׷ɽˡ
ɲУҲȱҫʯø㡣һǧٿ飡
ʿֱӽóڴ̨ϣΧʿ౨ֺۣ弫Ϊ֡
ҶһͷĹȻǺöδÿһƷٶи߽ϵĻôֵǮĻϲõ
ܿ죬ǿҫʯһǧٿʯļǮɽ
һʿһ˳̨ϡһ߼ıУɢһ˿˿Ϣһ߳ðűϢӨ͸ݣҶƬֱ״ѩ͸
ҿʶô
Щ⣬ָű֮еݣں
ʲôݣ
ʮ꣬ͷһμݡӦǱϵݰɣ
˭֪أ
Χʿ׷׽ͷӶҡͷʶ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ǿΧʿķӦ˼δ
бݣƱԪϡҴɽһѩɽϷֵҩݱ͸ѩһɫѩһԷֱ档Ҫڱѩɽɵҩɷ£Ҳѩɽ׷һͷޣΪżȻŷִҩҩϵҩڼıѩ֮أů򻯡ݣͷ󣬷㣬ӦÿʮױԪֻһǧٿʯ˭Ҫٱۣ˾ûˣ
˵ڳ˶
麰Χʮʿ۷׷ףȴûһ˱ۣмһʿ̫ʿһʱ䶼ĵϸֵʯֻʿðȻۣҪ
һϮɫʿɫʿǰĿĶݡ
ױݣСƷϡ
Ԫ˺Ԫ֮⣬ġ޸֮ЧǱʿʱ߻ħĺö
Ǻö
÷˵Ԫÿ֮˱߻ħȴûƣԷ塢ࡣ
Ψһźǣ̫̣лϡʿõ֮ƽʱ᲻ãҲħʱŷá
ʿݵļλʱҲֻʦʸ꺱ۡ
ʿΧʿ羴Ŀ⣬װģһȻָݣһ߳ͷҲһ㣬ֵֻһǧٿ飬ٿ飬ˡ
Уʦһǧٿʯһ鶼С
æҡͷһٿ飬⿳̫ˣ״Ӧ
ݶʮ㵤һױ㵤ҲʮʯѣʮܹҲһǧİٿ顣ټҿ¯ľ̿ķѣҪѶٿ顣ҩһǧٿ飬϶ҪϼٿʯıǮɣټʮ飬ֻܳһǧʮ飬ٹͲˡ
ʿָǱеݣ¶һΪм顣
ôܣҲһ¯ܳʮٿʯҲҲɡ
̯һĻɣҡͷϴӦ
Ϲ˵Һĳ˿ʦ˭֪ҺٵĴܸҲʦָм˸ԿҸ˵ֻܳʮǶʮܳʮʦ֣ſߵĳʣһ¯ʮ
ʦƵͽ׵ĲϡҲҺĳԸһǧʮݣʦ°˾Űٿ鶼ԸǸݵҲû򰡣
ʦ̨ʮƺ
ʦļۣм٣
ʦ˵ľˡ
ʮʦˮ׼㲻ʦˮ׼۰ҪȻ˭򰡣
ΧʿǼվʦһߣ׷׳߳
ʦѾһ鵤̣ͽΪʦҪһ츳ģ˭ܳΪʦʦʦһˮ׼ߣҲʮֹ㷺ܶʿĽʦ
λʦУʿ֮оߡλߵʿ˭Ҳӡ
ʦȻ˼ۣ˭ҳıߣ߽ףȥҲʦĺö
УЩԥͶҡ
ڳҹʿ֣ױʽżʦѯʼǮ֪ı֮ͷߡ
ɼԸ⻨߼ݵʦȷʵ١
֮еϵȻɫûҲûʲôðֲʦǮһ㣬ȥЩʯҲá
̾һЩĻ䡣ŴӱѩɽɻϵҩȴһüǮˣٶʮʯٶʮɡС첲СȣҲšʦĴ첲ȡ
һǧٿ飡Ҫˣ
ͻȻ̨ΧȺУһʵ˳
ȻЩŵ̧ͷȥ
ڴڵʿһ׷ײĳ۵ʿ˹ȥ
ʮƣ˭ô󵨣Ȼʦ
Ҳ˵ٱ˼֮󣬱˾ͲۡУҶǿԳ۾ġδɨ˺ʦӣҴ˲ѵ˭Կ䣬Ⱥʦ
ǹȻѺʦ
ɫһ͵ĳķȥϸеһŭ֮ɫȻ˽ľ֡
ʿ˭
İϽ˰ɣ
ˣѹָұۣʦѱ鲼ȫǣʦûʲôùӳԣ
߻ڣʿĿˢˢĳ򿴹ǻҧһ
Ǳ۵Ĳ
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249 ʦҲ
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Ҷ˾ĿȻ
ݣһǧٿʯɣ
Ҷʵ
һǧپУλԸ򣿡
е㼤æͷɽһѩɽɻҩȻϣԽԽáԸʦۣܾ
ֵһǧٿʯȻӹǾˣ
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㡫ʲô˼Һĳʲô֡
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۸ߵãӦǹذɣ㲻Ըѵñ򡣳ǺܳߵļǮұȲˣȻҲû˵
Ҷתͷźٵ
ãȾͱȣҳһǧʮ飡
ϵļŤзݡһǧʮ۵ļޣǮʵѾһʯΪӣǮҲҪõ֡
һǧٿ飡
Ҷ۾գһ£ֱӱһߵļǮ
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㡫ãõĺܣһǧٿ飡ʦԳλƫƫˣҺĳˡ
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ǲܼӼۡһСľ֣ڵĿӣ˺̧ǮͿӽȥˡȻԽСȥ
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֪ǺʦղѾԱš
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ٵҶ۾ˡ֪ʦȻҸЩҲǰ׻ġҸҪе
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ҲԺ֮ύʿǡŵĸ߲ӵܣʶ١
ҶźȥҡͷЦֻǿһ΢һļǮѱõֶѡûаԺλʦ˼ǿٴʦӣ˺ܴίƵġ
ҶӴһǧٿʯı
ֻҪãں໨ʯ
ڣѾԷԪΪֻͷϻûʺϵԪ׼ʱѰңû뵽УȻҵһǳıݡ
ҶȱʺϵԪ
ʮݣҩЩͬ
ʿÿԷԪԪң߻ħķաһķҪȥ룬ܣк档
ҷõԪƷҲơҶʿһѡĽ׵֮ԪĽ׵ԪѾûá׵ԪΪƷ̫Ԫ̫࣬ͬ
ҩûж𡣵һط֮Чʿ߻ħķգڷõƽС
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ҪǣȻǻģδɹɳɸҩġ
ʵϱҲܱɹɣ˲֮һѸڻһ̲Һ뾡ʹãܿɢһաҪñݣֻܱڱ֮С
Ҳζţݿɸ֡
ݶԱʿò˾ûˡ
ǶҶ˵ǿҩ
ĺöҶпøǺ١˵һʦʦһ߼
дĽ׻ڼ
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Ҷ֣ǸϽ߰ɣҪȻºʦҿд鷳
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٣ҲĲΪѣҲʿ
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ʿȻֶǽύ㣬ʶܶŵʿŵĸ߲ӵܡʦûУ˾Ѷࡣʦɲʲôȵˣȥ϶ȥȱԸ㣬һŸ߲ӵܣ»Ҷֲ
߿ҲҶʲôˣܵԼŵù
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Ҷ֣ͺʦʲôãһǧٿʯõݣ㻹ʦûһʯܲ㰡ڳСֻҪ˵һ³ҲûĸʦԸҩֻȥطˡ
߳üչΪҶǡ
ȻˣҲֵܷɣĿ˵˺λʦǺܲ㡣˵ǣ
ȻԼˡʦѵһұЦ
Ҷҡͷ
ʲôҶҲʦ
߻ڷͻȻ𾪵ۣһŵҶ
ΧʿȻҲҶߵĶԻȻͣǲδʿֻҪϸҶĻ׷װ𾪡ҺøղûмʦҪȻͰλҶʦˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
㵽ĲʿΪʿȻһλʦ
ֶһλʦЩԼʿ˵ҲǼ飬·һ
ѹҶǺٰӡʦ˼ҲʦˣαӣٴʦƶԱ˺ʹ˼ҿɲʹ
ѹҶУѺʦˣȴҲǵʮ㰡൹ǰ׵ˡ
𾪣һһƽЩţЩЩʣ鸴ӵ˼㡣
ҶΪЦЦʦ飬
Ҫ֪һָ߳дѵ鵤ѵʯ
Ҳܼٺܶ˶ʯԴĲɡ
Ҫ֮ãҪȫڡȻҪóʵһʦŲֽţʲôֱӻŵˡ
Ѱ˼˺һЩŲҶȻ㣬ǺǾӪõĵͷߣ˭֪ʲô֡


250 ˭ͷ
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ҡͷŭ
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ʿ˵ףͷ
ʿٴʦʶʮ꣬żҵһЩϵҩģҪٰæƣôһЩ顣
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ΪģΪⳤϵ״ӡ
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ԼΪߣǾֻпʦԼˣʦλԽߵӵλԽߡ
ֻҪռһλԺա
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Եȣʲô״ˣ
һͷˮæ׷˳ȥ
ѣҰﲻ㣬㻹Ҹɡ
ʿ˴ſͣ£ͬŵӣԺ˵Ҷ򽻵Ϊһݣȥµӣ
֣㲻ⳤϵĵݵλ֮𣬺ʿܼôͲã
ټˡ
ҶŲãŵλ֮¡ҲһЩûޣ
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ٿҡͷȥսȭͷͷޡ
İǾӪʮ꣬ύ˶ٵѣƽʱߵҲ棬˶λʦһӡ
ȴŪ˸ͷŵҲʹ
취Ҫǲһôǻÿ


251 ǰ
ҶӺгٴʦ֮಻ĻҲջķᡣһ꺱ױݣ⻹н׷ţһǧʯЩǺܿõϵƷ
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࣡ﻹûжˣôͻȻðôˣ
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һʮ㣬εɫʯƳɣÿһɸߣʮһǧɡײһ߲ͭţڡ
һ㵽Ų㣬ʿĵطʮ㣬н𵤼Ļޣǽʿ֮ء
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Ҷκȳ˵صʿ澰ޱ𾪡
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Ҷܿ뵽һ⣬ʵ
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ĺôǲ½֮ǰҪһơЯƣһͻ޶ʱΣգԽעڣԼ˲䴫ͳ
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ҶЦĲ㣬мߣҪҲͽȥ϶Щʤ֮䡣
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ڲԶȺ֮УʱҶгʹޣҶĿ˸æܿҶ͸ʶʿ̸㳡ʿڶ࣬Ҷ鷳

쿴˭ˣ
ţѦʦ֡Ѧʦֻһ˲㣬ͻһ㲻Զˡ
ţƳʦ֣ͷѩӦްɣ߲ʿͷ˫ϵޣɱ˲Ѫǿ˷ָ
ţʦ֣㣬΢һ㡣ⳤ´ӣǰ;С
ħţСŮ쵤ȻҲˣţŶʮ꣬ΪȻڰ˲㣡ٹ꣬϶ܵھŲ۷壬ΪħǿĶʿ֮һ
ǵȻСŮ쵤ǿǷħĵڶŮʿͷ֮˼Ҽǵǰ㣬̶̶˲㣬̫ˣҪŲ㣡
С˭Ĳ㣬ô͵Ϊôһ𡣡ҲǾŴŸ߲ӵܰɣҪȻʸ⼸λʿһ𡣡
㳡ͻȻɧȻ
һСȺʮŮʿԾŴɣʿҲʿ̸Цһͬ㳡ϡһ˵ѹƣȻǹ㳡ʿɱȡ
֮ڵͽʿ׷ױãʩ
㳡ϺܶǾŴʿ˱ߵʦ֡ʦȻҪ񣬿ǵĿ⣬ֻоͳݵķݡ
Ƴһͷýѩ̧ͷ鸴ӡ
ʵ˵ǿ߲㣬һͷߴ׵ѩǶŲ㣬ɿɼ
Ų㣬ǿߵʵֻھŲΪһܹһʿǹϵǿߡ
Ƴʮ꣬Ҳֻǿ˲˲Եǿߡ
ŲʸԼΪǿߡ
ŲǿߣʸΪŵĶʦ֡
ΪԽߣǰѹԽ
ҪЩֻǾŴŶ֮ΪȽϸߣЩʿ
۷ǿߣ˲١
ûô࣬Ѯ㣬¼ʮҲû취Ųȥ֪֮ûô뷨
Ѧʦ֣οаճŲ㣿
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˲㻹ܼ߰˸ʱŲȻǿܽȥǼֲסȥҲǰװ˷һĻᡣ֪ʦãǷʵŲ
ѦһĮ
СǰղŸյǣ㳢һϤһڳҪȹ˵ˡСûȿλʦֵķɰɣ
쵤ŸʵЦ
Թһԣ쵤ǴƵĺ󼡷ſˮæЦʦѾ˲㣬ò˼ͻŲ㣬ŲҲɵ飡ʦԸǰΪʦź
ʦ˵
쵤ԹƴƨһЦ˳
Թ쵤Ц绨Ӷɳˣɫ꣬ʮͷС¹ͷһ
ᡢƳ˼Թʧ̬ԱӡСӱûм֣ͻʦʦǵϲҪǿԵǽһλϵĵϵϣΪ顣
쵤ЦţĿɨԶȺͻȻ΢䣬üҧȻǡ
ʦ㣬ڿʲô
ԹͻȻ쵤Щ֣˳쵤Ŀ⣬Զȥ
һ֮£ԹĹǺ
쵤ľȻǺһ·ǵЩʿҶһˡ


252 ƴ
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ҶЩźǣڹ㳡ΪߵҲ߰˲㡣вŲʿǿһСȺʿδ֣ҪˣǲŻ
ͻȻĸеһԹŮĿ⳯Լɻ˹ȥ
ħСŮ쵤ôҲǣ
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Ҳ֪Ҫɱ
ǹ㳡ϣҶȻõ쵤Ŀ֮׷ɱǰǰŽµĳֺСŮϣоʮΡ
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Ҷģ½ж£ּʱСү㣡
Թ߹ҶԣһݻҶĲ㣬ҲĲ㣬һϺõķװϾԱҶǿ
ֻԹЩĽ׷쵤ʿſܣݺݵҶһ°Ҷжд̣޵ҧгݡ
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253 
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254 ϵͬ
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256 ǵ
ʮʱѾȥڵʿڼ֡ÿһâζһʿԼսͷ֪ܲ˭ڵʿڽŵĿš
ʱڻţÿʱһʿΪͻƶ˷ܼΪʧվɥڳǵļ;ɥͬӰһȺʿ
ÿһ¼ܿ
ɢ޼ڼֵһһҹ֮ģֵܼڵĶǾŴʿ
ǾۼڶľŴŶʿҲⳡÿһεĳЩζⲻʿǻõλĵطͬҲӰǱŵ
ԽϵţԽӵλ
ɽŴ֦ͬ޷ùڼҵɱλΡ
Ҫֳλߵֻͣ취
˵ʮһεľŴ
Ȼͷ˵ǶԾŴŵӵһοˣŸ߲㶼֪ʵÿʮȷһξŴŵʵ򡣵ʵԽǿζʵԽǿһŴش飬ʵǿȻиķȨʵֻӵķݡ
ǾŴĲοΪޣÿֻܹμӡܹμӵȻǸڣļŲ۷ӣÿһλɽ硣
󲿷ͨӶûʸμҪֶ۸˵
ǵǵײӻİ취ǺʿܹչԼʵҲڼ̵ʱڱʿΪ֪һʱ
ڶҪɽ֮гͷصʿ¸һµ֮УԼȴһ˵һ졣

ʮʱƳ˲ʱڻʣʮʿ
ʮĸʱֻʣʿ
ʮʱֻʣ¶ʿ
ҹȥˣ㳡ΧҲԽԽţڶעʿţʿ˭вʿ˶̣һλʦ
գʱ֡
Ų㣬һâͻȻһʧ
ţһʿһϵ߽׷ɽڳ
糿һƽɫҫ޳ͦεϣԵƷǷ
ʮʱϾȻ漣ļûκδɱĺۼֻǱ鲼߲Ѻ۵ķɽʾھĿս
ʮĸ£
ʮĸһһڿûʿ
ʿţŶղ΢΢Ŀ⣬Ŀɨ㳡Χ̨¥ڶʿ˾ʮʿϡ
ϲʦ֣ϸֶ˽ʱ
ʦΪԽϲɺذ
׼ʱſڵʮʿϣæǰء
ЩеĽʦܣе¡š
ҲƨģҪ
ϣմڳأʱȻҪԷ⡣
ͨʿҲͰˣҲûҪû˭ڶɱ˵ͷڹʿǧƣнʿɳǣɱ˱ض·һ
ǽŶʿ֮йϵĵһǿߣ޿Ĵʦ֡һ˳֮챾ŵӶڣ´󹦣ҳɹͻƽΪĻкܴϣΪһεĽš
ݵλȻ˿ʧ
ȻʵѾǿѾŲ۷壬մڣΪʱʱ϶ҪһȺʿ
ߣ
ϣڽŵӺ΢΢ͷֽɽӸһʿȥ׼ǵıԺ
ϣͻȻЩ
ϰͬӵľӡ
ǽڽŵӵɫƺеŹ֣Ŀϣֹ
ϣͷ΢ȥ
һ㲻ĹâĲ㣬΢΢˸šǵâҫۣȴû˿ʧļ
Ȼõʿ
ϣĿһ
ΪʲôɫЩŹ֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾʮһΪʱʿʮµһΪʿ֮еĵһˡ
ȻⲢ˵ϣǾŴŶӵĵһˡΪкܶʿɽǣط˴ŵĶǿͬС
ڣĿǰûƥеľ֡
Ĳһâζʮµ¼жˡ
ʲôʿ
ϣһ
ʮһѾ˸Ҹһ̡ǵʿŻַʽơ
һ˲䣬ѾƲ⡣
϶ĳλ˾ŲʿⳤʱͣĲ㣬Ƶʮ¼߳ŭͼȻս
СֶΣ˶һ֮⣬ô
б¾Ų㣬ֻŲҹǲʵ
ʦ֣ħСŮ쵤ǰִǡŵʦ⼸ٰһᣬΪħ쵤ʦӷ磬Ҳ㸰磬͵ȷʱ䡣Ѿƽ죬죬ⳡ¥ٰ졣֪ʦǷμӣ
һŵæ
СŮ쵤Ĳ
ϣüͷһ塣
⵹ǡʦֻʮʱǰѾˡ⼸ʦ֮⣬ûʿǡҲĸŵĵ档
ʿæ͵
¶˸һֱš˭棡
ϣɫ΢
Ҹ滨͵óסı

ơ
ٳ޷ȷյʱ䡣
ħСŮ쵤ǣǾŴŶ֮Ժ֮ǷħŸ߲ϵᣬǵʿȻҪΪٰһӷᣬﶥʿ߲ӵܶܵ룬Ҳú쵤ʶһպȴʶᡣ
ʿʹ㷺ٰĲϡ
Ϊھ󲿷ֶʿ³춼Ҫرգʿ֮С
ԽʿԽҪ롣
ϣһʿ롣
֮ûȫر֮ǰ᲻ٰܾ졣
鷳ˡ
ⶼˣŴʦַϣҲƫƫھȻһʿȷϣʱ仹á
˭֪λصʿľ˭λ߲ӵܣֿ̫࣬ûм˳ſ֮ǰ˭Ҳҿ϶˭
˵ȰɣһǾŴżΪʿгĶʿˣƫƫλʿǶ˼ҡ˼ҳ֪£϶ջխͳ׵ˡ
ȥֲ֪λʿʲôʱų
ܿա
ⳡһֱţٳ޷ȷյʱ䡣˳źȷʱ䡣һȣȵӶˡ졭졭졭ʮ졭ָһ㣬Ѿȷϣһʱ䡣
ԹʲôʱǸͷ
鷳ǣλʿڴʱԽãԽҲ롣ƴһ첻Ǵ£Ȱɣ쵤Ӧò
ֻͷơ
ڶѾֵķз
ʱƣѾ˹㷺𾪣ֲ²
ڶ߲ʿ׷ɳԵ£㳡һҪȵ˳ʲôˣгһ졣ˣͼࡣ

Ĳ㡣
Ҷںһͷƴɱڵһ֪
֪Ҳġ
ȫľϣÿһӶ˷ѡ
Ҷû˼ȥʿ档
ҲãλҲգ˵ûκ塣
ҪʵΪеͣ˾Ųʿû취ȡֻȫΪȥ֮бǮЩ۷ʿ


257 ϣĳ
ʮաʮաתѾƽһ¡
һ漣Դʷδʿ֮ͣáǧ¼ҲʮѣѾǧһ콾
Ĳʿֲ²ۣڼ緢͡ײСʿǶ۷ʿ̲ס롣
¥
ݻɸ¥ʯڣľ
¥¥ǻƤ̵أɫ鱦׺
㳡ܽҰ״һţҲǶʿ۵ĵط
ʱᡢѦƳ硢СŮ쵤ʮʿ¥Сۣ˵Ŀǲʱĳһۡ˼죬Դʲô
ŵ϶ڴһ˲ǵâܹʧۿʿҲȥٳ޷Ϊ쵤ٰһӷΡ
ҿӦǾŴеλʦ֣ŲʿͣĲ㣬ŷϣʦȥģ˳ҵǵʿһЦλʦŲΪĲĻȻϺܳʱ䡣
Ƴٱһڱɫ𣬵Щ߰˲ʿҪĲ㣬Ҳܼʮ¡ⲻΪ棡Ҳ㲻ʲô£
ϵܣҵǾԲֻиͬʵǿʵĻޣܵõѵ޵ĵȽ̫ͣû˿洦һλŲʿĲ㣬װ˷һʱѣò˿洦Ҫ֪۷ʿʱ౦һҲǾϸ㣬ôܰװ˷棿
ѦҡͷЦ
ѦִԲȻ˵ΪԣڵĻԴԴϳʿ޷ĴԪֻʺսͷսͷͬɱһʿǿߣɱٶ࣬Ҳû洦ǰҲи߽ʿײ㳤ڴǴգڵײڴûʲôջ񣬴˷ѼΪʱ䣬ܿ뿪
ͷʮͬѦ˵
λǲ²Ų㣬Żšǣ˾ĲΪأĻĲһ£ʮֺ
쵤ʱȴ
ʦ˵͸ˡ
ѦָһɸڵˣЩˣһ԰콾ɡǣҲֻһʮʱѡǽŷϣʦ֣ưһţֻͣѡѾһˡ˵ģ˲Ĳ㣬Ǵǧһ콾ʿɽڶɧɽ磬ҵȴδţŴ֮гôһλ콾ʿ
ڳʿɰԵͷ
ҲǾŴŶĸ׷ˡصĶΪѣοˡۼʿĴڣǲŵġ
ھ磬֮еĵλѾʦϵ󣬸໹Ҫʵڣʦֵܸʰ·硣òһʮ꣬мһ˱ϣͻƳΪʿ
ǸŵĺĶӣ֪ŵĻܡڳǧһֵľ콾ǡ
˿϶Ųʿô˵ֻͣĲ㣬ⲻ֤ʲôŲһ£֤ʵףھɽ磬ײʱҲûж塣
Ƴ绹Ǽּ˻ǿᵽĳ̶ȡ
ˣִЩûáλʦֳȻһжˣⶼһˣǳʲôĿģӦÿ˰ɡҲóЩ֮Ĳ䷨ɡ
ҡͷЩ˵
˷׷׵ͷһǺͬ
κʿ·ۺʵҲŲ˼ʱЯơ¶֮ƷЩƾճġ

ǣעҪʧ
һ¹ȥ
ֵ³һ졣
ĴٶȿǧʿȲĽڣʼ¸һµ
һЩʿƳ硢ѦһȺҲѧŹⳤʱͣĲ㣬뿴Ĳ澿ʲôΪ֪İء
ǣûҵκ쳣ĵطڵĻ޵Ķͬһֻ֣ײʵͬѣһĽµȻޣŲϵȻޡ
ǺܿᵽĲҲͣ
һ˲ʿͷһĲоʮɣڶоľеѹòκϢŲס˵Ѿƣߣాסմڳ
ϣĲʮ죬˼ޡ
Ų۷ʿܹͶ֮ɱĲĻޡ
ĲҲ׻ޣĲʿ·ϣһܻɱһͷ׻ޣڵĻ޾ģɱһͷ̳µĻޡһʮʱǧͷ׻ޣʿڵõƬ̵Ϣ˭֧ŵˡ
ɱ׻ޣԷϣ˵̫ףֻڻ޳ֵһ˲䣬һӳѡ
ʮ죬ϣѾľе;ѾûиоӽֱۼȫľĿాŲԳܡ
Ų㣬ͺͻɱߣǶ
Ĳ㣬ֻҪӽӽԵǶ࣬˷ѷĲ㣬ûκջսò˿ɱһͷ׻̫ףս鷴ò
ĻӽԼʮ׻ޡ
ϢʱһҲãҲָܻЩ׻ޣڲͣĳ֣ûЪϢƬ̵ĿϾҪǲЩޣǻں̵ܶʱڽ˺Ƭ
ϣ˼ã޷⣬ʿĲһ£ʲôΪΪһǣ
ǰɣĳλŲʿƵʮһļ¼ڣ뷨ƫΪҲ޷Ĳһ¡
ʮա
ϣ߳
ޱϣ˵ʲô顣
㳡ϣڽʿ۵ʧ
ΪŴʦ֣һ͵ʿûܵõʤŵĿΪûеֵĴʦֵ󣬱ˡ
ʿֹı顣
ϣûлͷҲ֪ˡҰܵĺԩܸ˭
صʿûг
еâʧֻ֮ʣһâǿȻͣĲ㡣
һ죬ڵʿǶ𶯡
ʿۿϣûȥŲ㣬ͣĲ㣬ʿ
ʮâһֱĲ˸˭֧Ÿá
ǲпʵ֤½Ŷһʿϣʦ֣ҲֻĲʮ죬ʿл̡һЩڰ˾ŲʿҲһֻĲʮ첻ѡ
λڻδ¶ʿȻȵĳԽ˷ϣʿ
Ƕ֪ζʲô
ϸ£ټʮգѾʮ졣Ƕôֲʱ䣬Ҫô˷ָǿʵô͵֮ģĳ̶ȡ
λŲϣʦֶеĻλʦĲã
λʿˣһڼȥûһ˿һļ֤λʿڶڳѾһˣܻܿϸá
㳡ϣһƬŰĳĬ
¥ϣһȺʿǣŷϣڳ
쵤ָķסͷ𶯣ǣȻǿʿ
Ƴֱֳյһ˲ľ
ţţţŵĶʿǣһһԲͷζҲȥĲ㳢ԹǲС֮ڱƳ
ڵʿֻзϣĲ㡣
ЩŴʦַϣġϣܻλʿ
ǣĵˡıԤеĻҪ졣
Ƕ
Ѿûʸȥۣһǿ޷ĴڡȥһǿĲ˼ʿֻ֤Լǳ
һλǰɣҪĻ˵ùȥ
вʿðЩơͷ
Ƶ뷨ܿ챻ʿѸͬ
ҲѽһλʿܹԽô֤࣬ǵС΢ֻбտڲԣȥἰ˵һλʿ棬ܱסǵĽġ
Ψһ޷͵ǣλǰΪʲôôģ˷ʱĲ㣬ǿЦ⵱Ȼ޷ܶ͡ǵʿ֪뷨ܻƣȴܡ
˵ʵԻƵͷǱȽϽӽʵġ
ҶΪȻĲ㣬սҲߣɸʮͷĽ׻ѻڵɽصʱʮͷѻ񵽽һͷ𵤳׵ħֻܣսԺһʿȡ


258 ͻ㣬µļޣ
Ĳ㣬ǵâһĹţʼտâʧκϣ
ʱţһαǰȥ
ǲ󷨳⣿
ϹʿѾǧķꡣʧޣСҲЩ󷨵ʿ˵ǿҲʧЧޣָС⡣
Ͷˣûˣ˭бĲϴ갡
ǵĲݾ¥󣬵ײʿ֮һ˵ʼ˽ܡ˵ûԵ©ĽǵâΪγʱϡ
ٺ䶯һʱ¼ھ˳֮Ҳ
ⳡ粨ƽϢʿǵδ̫ܵĸţڳǰȥɽԵԣ̵̣øʲôǼʲô

Ĳ㣬ʯ󷨿ռڡ
һ̵ӰʯƮвϵͷŷڸһͷ׻޶øɱľ顣
ÿһγ֣Χܹʮ֮һʯҿռ䣬޼ѴĴΧ֮ѡ
ֻķ֮һĹͷ׻ޱһ֮£黯
ķ֮һ㣡
ɱһͷҪʱ䣬̵ֻҪ̶ķ֮һ㡣ʩʱѾѹ˼ޣҲǿ˼ޣ
Ҷв
ոһѾ֪ԼɱĶͷˣ˸н׷ʩչ쵽˼¡
ԸֻҲԽϤԤгǵÿһǰַ£ɱһͷ׻ޱԽԽ١
źǣİн׷Ѿ˼ޣʩʱҲ̵ļޡ
κһսͷļޣ
нսн׷ļ޽ϵ͡
һ£һʿʣҪʮ꣬ʮ꣬ܽһн׷ޡһʮʿһֻһн׷ѧ̫ѧ
Ҷҹյķֻ˰ʱ䣬ﵽޣһǰн׷
ԷЧߡڵ̫ŨĲ㣬ʮ޾ĻޣʿɱҲǳʺطЧ
ʿһʱķֵһʿ뷽跨ϣܹڶϼʱϧ޷Ըһʮʱͱ뿪
ҲҶɸ˶ʮͷĽ׻ѻЩѻԳͣڡķԱȵһʮЧ棬ҶҲҪһʮ깦ܰЩн׷Բ硣
Ҷн׷Ѿ˼ޣڣҲûа취ȥѧµķ
ҶδųڼԪ
棬ʵʺԪֻԴԴĻ޳֣һʿھĴԪ񡣵ǶҶ˵ⲻ
Ҷɱͷ̷֮ųͷѻȥ³Ļ޼
ڣϥ
ӴȡһױԪ¡
˹һɴűϢԪھСϪ۰㽥׳󣬱ֹĺѪ⡢ԪĴ΢ոһյĲǿ
һ뵵֮УƤë׶͸ǱĬĸ졣
ƤֵĹâֺֻͨзɽ֮˵
ҶͣĲԲѾһµʱ䣬Сƿһֱδͻƣʱȫ̡
һöԪҪʱ
ŷµڶԪԪ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶһҲ
㣡
ͻˣ
Ҷͷϲ
һ̬ԪȻͣ˲ͻǲ㱡̬ԪԽŨȴȫҺ״Ҳɽ𵤵ʱ򡣲𵤾绹硣
ҶڵĿǳŲ۷塣
Ŀޣڵõ˻ر
̶̰꣬Ĳ㡣
ٶ൱ˣŵһ֮пҲָ
н׷Ѿ˼ޣոͻ㡣ɸڵʯѾľҲûжãǸóȥˣ
Ҷа
һʱ䣬Ĳ¡
ûûҹ֮Уƺǵָһ˲䡣
ҶٳٶۣҲ֪Լ߳ȥ̻һȻ󲨡
Ͼͣʱ̫ˣ˲˼顣ͨʿԼʱ㣬ȴԼ㣬ҪǾ߳ȥǳ²ɡ
ʿҶŵĽǰҲҪѯһ⣬ʲôֶΡ
ϾܹʱͣڣԱŵž޴ôûĸŻ᲻ۺ졣
Ϊ˱𶯣ҶѾ˶Բߡ
³ĵһ죬ſʱдʿ
ȥŪЩʯ˳Ҹǿսͷ
Ҷͷ롣
ȻԼɹеΪ⣬ҲʮԼһޡ
˵ˣڴڸ߲ɵͲ͵״̬
ͨ˰н׷ɶԸʿ
ǹƾЩЩŲ۷ʿЩŲ۷ʿɼ壬ϵȵĹһֲ
˵ˣķħСŮ쵤˵СŮһΪ죬˫ϵʿзϵٶȣлϵѸ쳣ĹСŮİŷûʩչҪù
ҶɸڵĻѻȺĻûаոСŮɱȡʤ
֮ľŴŻɳŲӲμÿһλ֮Ϊսһѡ
֮һʸ񣬿ɲõ
μӾŴʱɸڵĻѻȺ϶ó
⿿Ŀǰн׷УһĶֶΡ
ҶõóֵҲ͡䡷Ϲŷ䣬͡Ԫ䡷ħŷ䡣
ϧ䡷һЩսҪܸ߽ΪܷΪԲЧԪ䡷Ҳǿϧ׶˶࣬Ҳðȥѧ

գ峿
ǣ㳡ϣʿͷܶ
һ֡
ʿȺָָ㣬Ʒͷ㡣
ſڶʿϳִĹâ
һʱʼ½вʿƳ
ЩʿЩôͱϳ̫ǿڰԼֵʱС޿κΣ˭ʵء
ʱҶӰǰһͷɥ飬ƣѸЩ뿪㳡ʿȺ֮С
ʿǣȻû˻ע⡣
Ҷʦ֣
һĺס
ҶƣͷһͬʦκҲɴڳˣ֡


259 
κʦܣ
Ҷפ㣬龪ȡ
ʦƺһһ
κǰ󲽱Цô˳ԭʮְգǿҶʱɸ˵ùܱһùҪá
ڲô
ҶźҡͷҲû¶ȻҪװһʧߣȻҪһװס
κͬУڵĻ̫ǿˣ⼸ֻһһʱͳŲסˣҶʦ⼸ôͻȻʧһֱӰ
˵ˣϴδͻȻһǿҵԤУҵطչȥˡŸձչس³һϧЧѣͣһʱ
Ҷ
뿪㳡߱˵
κʱŸоЩԣҶѹƱȰǰǿ࣬ɳһʦΪͻˣʦ֣
ţ˵Щˡʦ⼸¶ڳһɣ
Ҷ̸תƻ⡣
ţǰڳһݻɣʯֻ̫٣һ²ٿʯ·ʿһȥɽޣһһǧʯãɱ˼ͷޣüǧ
κͷ˷ܵ
ޣһ㣬Ҳȥɽԣɽ޺ܶ඼ϣʿֻǿҾȺû׺쳣ûкڵʵҲȥ
ҶԾˣ벻κôĵӡ
ɽޣɲĻޣʯɱÿɽʿʤһΪȥɽֱŲȥ
ԼȻУǸһЩǳԾʿһȥΧǧΧȽϰȫһҲܸϽӻس³¡⼸ȥ˶ΣǧʯɱڳɻҪǿˡ
κæϸĽһ
ԭÿһε֮ʣµĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ʿǻǰɽʮɽ֮ԣȡʯ
һЩԾ鼫ΪḻʿɽѰʺֵޡ
̫ǿ޵̫࣬ʿԼʵԸˡҪǣһʯļһ֧ʿ飬һȥɱޡ
ѰʺֵѶȼߵĻЩʿҲʱʱɢҪʱļ̶
κǸЩʿһȥɱޡʵôҲһ㣬磬ûġ
Ŷ
Ҷ׹ô¡ϾͬʦֵܣΪвĶӣҲκϡͿ
κһ촽Ҵȥ·ûλʦִȥɱޡҶʦֿȤһȥʯ
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ҶԼĴʯùˡ
ɽһֱǵͻ޶Ҫɽ޽֡ɱͷһԼڵʵټΪȻߣҲȫȥɽޡ
ҶڻһҪҪȥ
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ڲҪǰһΪʯա
ɸһеͽ׵鵤󲿷ֶСƵġСҩ֣Ӳʿһֱʦķҩ鵤ǶҶҲòˡ
Һܶ඼ǵͽ鵤ҶҲòϡһȥЩʯ
Ҷκֿ֮󣬶ֽУһ鵤Ƶĵǰ߽ȥ

ǼЩҩĺ鵤ڷźá㣬㣬ֱţʲôԵģЩҩģˤ˵ƿ𣡡
һ΢ֵʦڻƣָָ㣬ߺš
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Щڹ̨æϴͷ󺹡
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ҶóһЩƿڹ̨ϡ
Щмһ򣬵չֻۣǰˡǧʯ
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Ҷ˿֪ٵѾʪ͸ŵɶ£̱ڵ
ЩĻһɵۣ֪ʲô飬һĺʦɫɷףŵö˻Ƶġ

Ҷڳڹãڰʱ֣ŻصסСջκͷ
Ѿ뿪ǣȥˣڿջھס
ʿ˼£Ҳȥط
Ҳκܷ򸾡ŵ˻Сջסšܷ򸾼ðճǲɱ޵ĻһڳҵɡҲκȥǵĴ㡣
Ҷܷ򸾶ΪȣǻΪҶ뿪ǡҶøκ˵һĻһڱչǼ겻ѡչذͻ㣬ϲ¡
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κҴһϴžϲҸղȥ˳һƸһλղڵʦҪˣȥɽǧһطɱһͷޡұ˵ˣ㡢ҡʦ˶ȥѣΪÿһǧʯΪÿ˶ǧ顣ºкõջ񣬻ܶЩ
Ҷһ¡Ƕ޸ϸκҲ֪жҪܣⱻʿ;ˣ˾Ͱæˡ
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һǧʯ˵пޣȥɽһԼʵԼЧ˳Ҳɽ޾жǿ
֮
Ҷκ׼׵뿪Сջǵĳ⣬ʹʿϡ


260 
ʮɫµʿӰڳ⡣
쬣
쬣
Ҷκ˵ſʱҲԼʱͬʱִ
Ҷ˿ٵĴһۣһʮʿΪߵһķĺӣΪ㡣Ĳ㡣ʣµһ֮䡣
Ҷ΢üͷ
֧ʵһ߲ϵʿûСЩսҲʿѡڶǴæֶѣɱָǡ
ƴȥɱͷ׵ްɡ
ҶֹšڣֻǸ֧ȥɽ֣ԶǿޡֻҪȥ̫ޣǴӦòΣա
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˷׷׳Ӵкʩ
ܺã˶ˣͳȥɽɱޡǴеĳͣһǧʯڶǧʯкõջǻٷ֣һңһǷˡ
ӵķü۴Ƥڵ󺺣һͷ漴ӻóһѵʯַˡÿ˷һǧǧʯȣһһǧʯҪνɽδܳɹһǧʯʹˮƯˡ
ʦ˰
ʿʯ¶Цݡ
˵Сƣȫֵ֧֣
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ӵĻһʿܸɡҶæûʱ˷ѵ飬ӵȽѵʯóʿŻȥðա˴ҷ֣˱ӵġ
ԼΪϸߣۺɽľḻϤɽĻҶŵùҪ󣬲ܵӡ
ҪȻ˭ܳ⺰һҪȥɽޣ۶һۡȥɽǼΪΣյ飬ӿҪ顣
ʸӵģʮʿ֮Ҳδôһ
Ҷκ˵ķʿɽŵĵӣ˴ʮζӽɽδִҲСλʦԼΪߣԱȻҲǿȥ
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˶Ǵ󺺿ȥ
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ʮȥ϶ȥ޻ءٵټٺˣˡŲʿаհⲻȥ𣿡
˺Ȼɫüסʿûеȥ𶴡
ֻҪɽ֪һЩյĵط𶴱֮һԼһǧԶ̾Ŵ𣬳ΪѨ
ǵʿȥٺʿԶнɱȻʺס档ÿʿǽɱ󣬹ֻɽطǨ̾ᣬγµѨɱն
𶴱̾᲻֪ǧ꣬ǵʿԴ˵ȻϤ
κŵòᣬɫס
Ҷδδ˵ʲôӻôðʧԵ޹ȥսǿ޳Ѩ
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߽ϣڸ߽ס
޵ľѪǺŪ߽޵ľѪǣǽ𵤼ޣһʿŪֵġ
ĹЩߣֻԵͽãʿԼòϣö;㡣ʿż͸Ͻټʿ׽ŵӲⶫ
ǰ߽㣬ҴӱһλǰģҪȻҲȥ𶴣
ΪĴЦ
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ܣǲǧѣн𵤼вǵİȫ޵ĳͳֽ˽⵽һûн𵤼޳ûɽС
Ȼҡͷ
˶ԲⷬŵùġҪΪɱ޶ӣȱϢͨȷ鰲ȫҵõ档
߽㣬ȫû⣬ǿһԡǲʦֽ𶴴ʲô
ʿɻ
˵ǰɽޣɽпգһͷ𡣿ϧӻ˹Сҹڶ˲ųξǽ𶴣ҳֻȼհʱڰʱڣ붴ڽͷ˵ɵȻٶȳ롣ֻҪֿ죬ûΣա
һͷϵĲϲֵǮֵǧʯֵ㻨һǧʯ߽㡣ʦֻôǿ
٣Ѿʮδǵʿ˹ˡҹƹвٱȥɱͷ˵˳㽫չһҵһЩֵǮ
ʿףʲô⣬ԭǵ˹𶴵ı
˭֪ھʲôⴿһֵǮĶ̫٣Ϳˡ

ʿ壬δУɽ֡Ϫ֮伲ɱǰǧĹ𶴡
ɽΪ⣬ɽߴɣݾߵɽʿУֻҪʮϰɣǿҵķ絶ȸ߽׷ϵ
޷УҲߡ
ɽĴնɽ壬ɭ󣬹ּ޳ûϢ˵ʲôʱͻȻܳһͷ׺Ϯ顣
˵ɽʮΨһȫĵطֻҪ뿪ǣ·Ҫٱ˯Ҳֻۡ䵥޻׶ԸµǳȺޣǵͽޣһȺΣҲ൱ˡ
ǵѾգ󲿷ʿڳЩ죬дĶ뿪ǣǰɽɱޣѰɽ֮ǧĵر
ǵʿ˵Ƭɽ֮УպͻᲢ档õģҵһʺƣ㹻ʮĿöȡõģѪ޹飬աùģײǿޣϢĴɽʧ


261 
һʿɭĹľï֮пٴУǰ𶴡
ľԽԽïܣգѼ⡣
ʱ֮ȫޣżӼԶ޵˻
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ʮɽֱԽǳ֮ԽΣաзḻʿĻ߾
̽ǰ棬ԷȺ
ʿ
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һ׳ĺ
⻹˵ȻΪ͵ȥ̽·ֵַǵÿһǧʯҲôõġɱʱЩΪߵ̽·֮ɻҪǰɡ
ʿ˫֣Ŀһ۶Ϊϵ͵ļʿ
硢κΪͣλȥǰ̽·õİȫںβ棬ʱ֧Ԯ
һ£Ŀ⳯ʿȥϣȥ̽·δǿȻӣСӳԱǲģҲûޡÿλʿһǧʯѻʿǰָʹ
ΪͣǱĸ߽ޣҿҲײ˭ȥǰ̽·
κ硢ɫ΢䣬һۣɫЩ㷲жԸ
̽·ΣյĻеʱֱӸɱΣϾɱʱǻ֪ԼԵʲôޣӦԡ̽·ʱһĨڣ˭Ҳ֪ԼͻȻʲôޣ֪ôġ
ҪǣǵΪȷʵܵͣ΢Щ޶ס͵ΪɽɱޣǱʯ鵤뷨ƴҪ޴Σգǿ϶Ⱦܡǻдõǰ̣Ϊһǧʯȥðա
˺һҲû˭ȥ̽ӡ
ȥ̽·ɡ
ҶɫͻȻ
ҲãҶʦСģ
죬ͷ
̽һǰŵͽʿȥ
ʿڶм䣬ȷϢ澫ʢʱ֧Ԯ̽ӡҪǣԾʿ⵽Ⱥķ޺еɽ֮УҪԱ˻䣬С˵ǳجΡ
ȻҶǰ̽·Ҳö˵ʲô

ҶԼʩһΪһķӰϢĳǰɽӶȥʮʿСӵǰ
Լ뷨
ֻʮֽʿ·߽޺ʹȺ޵ĿԼ͡ϣҲӦ䵥޾Ӷࡣ
Ϊɸֶڶ࣬Զκ˿ɱȣȻõԼİȫ
ͷһνɽ鲻࣬ŸʿһǰĻ뵥һ˽ɽι֮㿼Ƕһɽһʱ䡣
Ҷһ߿ǰУһ߽ʶסǰϸǰ·
ɽ֮УƬĿľҶɢϢපʯѨſŲ֪ٳޣľï֦ܵҶ䣬֮ɽСƺηʲôҶ
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ˣ˵سݷ
ҶѰ˼ţһɭɫľԣʮɾ롣
ڡ
ͻȻľĿռƺŤһӰΪƾձȳճҺͶ磬ٶȳһΣϢȻ

Ҷ΢΢һ֮ǰȫûκβ˿ҪȫѾֳӰϮķһǽͬʱڵ淢޴ı֮£ӻΪһѸӰȫǰ
飡
ǵƾձӰбŻҶʩųıǽϣδ͸ǽڱǽϵһʮɺһùľϡ
ӲʱըԵķ飬Ƭ䣬ȻΧʮɷΧĿ֦Ҷȫը
쬣
ǵӰһ֮˲˻ȥ
Ҷ˲Ϣʮɣδɭ̹ľӰϮķȥ
һͷ೤ɫ޵Ӱſǿɭ̹ľϡ
ɫۼףľȫһɫͻأһ£͹ڱ㴹ֱĿ۹γɵĹǸһףɫ
ſһɫȳճҺͷһһղϮҶģͷȫչܻϰԶĿꡣ
۶᣿ôȫ޷Ĵڣ֮ǰ϶ʩչһ
Ҷͷ𾪣һ±ϳͷ޵
ʯҵİʱ޽
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򵥵˵ʯڵĻ۶һֺƽӹнޣ׶ԸûжѶȡ
ǿޱ涼ڣûпֲҲûгߵٶȡ
ͷ۶Ȼȫڣڹ֮ǰ¶ۼ˵ٻһ츳
۶ڿתƺڵǰ֡ʵ
ȻǰʿöԸǱڴ˵ȫ͵ϮҲδ˵ֵֺľǱ͵ϮһһʧЧҲûиֶοá
۶жϣݵԾïܴ֣Ϸһ̹⣬ӰΧɫľںϣ֮뿪
͵Ϯû֣ߣҪ߾ߣһõɽô
ҶЦ˫֮ͫУڵĵӰŻ⣬׷ϣ̧һƬΧױ˹ȥ

Ϣ
쬡쬣
ʮʿӰҶ۶ᶷʱ򣬼ٳֳ
ǰģȴһսѽĳ
ǰʮĶïֹľȫ䵽¶ڵʯƾͺһƬһͷ೤ãǿóһͷ޵ʬ塣
ƬʮĶï֣еľ׵ĺ»Ϊ̿滹лȼգǽɭĴױɨϢϢ֮У΢ĵâͷƤ麹ë
ŵеĽζ΢üͷԾĴǰһƬ
Ϣһϵֳ˲Ϣʱ䣬ᳬһĹٶȲν졣û뵽սѾͷӦңʵһʿȫŰɱôģŵҶǰδʲô
ͷ𾪡
ΪҪɱͷᣬҲҪһĹ
ΪǴ֣ǵʯҡʯңӲˣް˾ͱɵïܴ֣ľ죬һ꣬Ҫ׷ɱǼΪѵ飬ǵ硣ޣףɱѡ
˴ȥ𶴣ֻ˺ʿʿ඼ġû뵽ҸĴʿսȻôǿ


262 ǿС
ǰʮĶս۵ȴ˵ЩպͺڣðκҶļ
ǰɸļһʿ׼ɽʱʿκӦУκļСӡ
κ˵һλҶͬʦ֣Ҳһ
Ϊʵͨӣ붼ûͬˡ
žȻ֣κλҶʦʵɲ⣬ƾɽڶ̶Ϣɱһͷнᣬ֤˱ǿֻ࣬һֹסĽɫ
һ֧õ飬ǶԱʵԽǿԽá
ӱʵǿߣܹĶԱȫ־һĲսҪǶڳּʵǿĴͷ⣬öֱ
뱣֤Լɽŵ֧ǿʿ޿죬ʿĹǡ
һԵĺôСʿѹ֮󣬴ҷսƷôͷôʿСͷô
һʲôʵҲס档
ΪˣӲļΪʵʿ飬Լѿ
ڿǰľЩԴ⡣һСһڹ𶴷ּмֵ鱦ҪãֻԼѹס档
еĿζ֪׼һжɽųһ߽㣬ȴͻȻһ޴ı
ʦ֡ҪҪӣСʮ֮ǰȴ˿ûб¶ֻ°ػġһǲһģǸ鷳
ڼϵ׽ʿʿͺ󺺣Ŀް˸촽ᶯʶ̸
УѾ֪ǴеĿģȥչι𶴡ҪͻȻߣԹޣᰵֻǵĺ£⡣ʿ£࣬³֮󣬶һôˡ
Ŀ⣬˼һº󰵰ҡͷʾǲҪҶںüʿϵ׽ء
ڲｻ̸ʱ
˾ڵʿֳַΧһƬڵĴ֣е𺧡Ҷǰ̽·ǽںԶԭ׼һ̸֧ԮҶֳȴȫûҪ
κλʦ֣Ȼ
ŹȻݵһţ˲ŵۺͻȻһλʿҲǿףţֻǰ;պлΪų֮һ
ʯģλӿô࣬ҶĿмžη֮ɫ
Ȼɽܶ๴ĶǡթеʱɽҲܼ򵥣Ϊߡʵǿᣬ˾ͷ㣬ò෴ҪСųݲ˵ɼ
Ҷδǵ鸴Ӻ𺳡
ⳡսֻһСʵѡɱͷ۶ᣬԲн׷˵δõֶˡ
ڵĲʯڣҹݵĸǿ֮£ҶѾϰ̵ʱʩɱн׻ޣǺ顣
ŵ״ӣҪ΢ʵûУҲ˵ȥ
Ҷһͷ۶ʬԣָһתָһ߳ââ£ֽ۶ļӲͷп
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κҶĽԭ뿪򣬿һ뵽Լڲһǧʯɬÿ£ֻʣ
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Ҳ࣬Ծ
ֻľľϵֻڴʩչõЧطʩչͲˡˮϵˮκγʩչ⻯ֻڴʹãرȽϵһ
Ҷͷ
ڣҲ۶Ƶ֣Ǵδ۶ʩչͻȻ۶ʩչЩ⡣Ҳʯȫʯڡʩչľƭ˭ʯȫЧķֻڴá
Լã׼ûɳȥ

쬣
쬣
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Ϊ͵һҲ߲Ϊʿڰ˲ϣŲ۷Ķʿ޲ǿѹϢ
һھŴΪԺ֮콾Ķʿ
ӵģȻǽŷϣڵڶйϵĵһ֣ߵĶʿͬΪʦ֡ƾʮµһΪǵһ֣սĵλ
Ž裬Ų۷ʿǲɽ¶ڷϣ֮ǰʿϣ֮ŵ͵ȥŵġʦ֡Ҳ˶١
һŮ۵˫ȴ˵ĹǣǷħСŮ쵤ǰ꣬ȴǷͷڰ˲㣬ڷħҲ𼫿ĺ֮
ŻƳ磬һͷ;޴ı籪ϣҲ֧Ϊ͵һˣΪΪ߲㡣µͷ籪Ǻޣս˿˾Ųʿ
ššŻšŵȾŴŵһڸ֣ŴżڵĶڶڣʮ֮ࡣ
֮һ࣬ԺŴȺĶӡ
ֱţһȺλҲΪưʿȻһɽ
Ҫ֪ƽǴ൥жߴԼŵж
ǳشĿĿǣͬǿ֡Ƿϣλšʦ֡ҲܽȺŴŵ콾ټһҲֻŽ𵤳ϲܵĶͬʱ֡
֧ʿСݺޱȣֱǿ˷ָ
һɫЩʿűӣѥͷŵĽʬ壬˹һͷ۶ʬ壬еķӡȡˣӦһ֧ȥֵӦһ˾Ųʿõн׷ƻʮĶ֣ѾԲľ磡ʦ֣ǰ棬Ǵȥִӿˡ
ɫɰ٬ԷϣλӲ̫⡣


263 
ϣɫӿ˹ȥɫ΢
٬ɫӣʩ壬ִʩϵĵӣʮڰ˲㣬˾ݵһźУݴľϵʮ츳ߵ콾ʿ
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ϣͷ֮ʩ彫Ų۷徳磬ϵǿ֮һ
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һϮɫԵüӺݷȵĽҲЦϢѾй¶ʿǰȥ˹𶴣εܿʧܣرĺԷԸģҪʦִӣǸһжһʧܣ»ĳ˴Ϊʧˣ
вٶʿ¶ֻ顣Ȼûֱӳգ䳰ȷȻǳŷϣλȥġ
ǻ٣ϣӳ
ϣڽŵĶ֮ߡ
ⲢζŵӻʣЩʿǸ츳콾ʿڸŶǺߵһͿ͸ѷϣ̫һ¡
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вٽʿ򣬸ɳرıǳŵĺ鳤ϡ
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쵤ҡҡͷЩ˼ͷų
ˣƬֵ׻δϨӦùȥһʱߣ׷ȥϣǻûԶ
ϣ鲻мֵ鱨ֻܷ
֧ǿСʿŴ֣𶴼Ի࣬ɱһͷޣܵõ޴ôջеʿۺޱȡȻ֪ôǵ˭С


264 
Ҷǰ·ʿٸϡ
ڴּıٶȼ졣
ҶĳɫսҪһѵ顣ǼǱޣſܸһЩ鷳
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ȥ𶴵ĵ·գҶ·ɱ˼ͷѰʳͽǡԳһ·ǿ޷ǿʼͷ۶ᡣ
һʱ֮
쬣
ݵϵӦþǹ𶴸ˡ
Ҷδ֣һɽһɵɽıԵͣ½Ųܹ
ʱʱ֣գֻɽֹľգɽԵɽ֦һЩȸԾߴߴѰɽʳʳ
ʶΧɢƽ˾ûκδڻ
·Ϊİɭɢһɸĳûκι߿͸ȥûֵط϶Ƕ߾û֮ء

֮䣬һʮθʿҲž磬׷׳ɽҶԡ
𶴾棬ȻѨڼǧɣвٵĲ̾ʮͷϰͷĽϵȺҲⷽԲǧ̾ŵΪӴһȺޡЩϰ߳ҹڶڳ˯ҹʳʿһֻҰϣһ﷽ԲʮΣա
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˵꣬ζһҶ³֮Ҿ˴ҵĺôãÿܶõǧʯǵĻҶֻҪҶӣչι𶴾Ͳ⡣ڶڵˣ㹻סǡ
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һɼΪֲĽ𵤼ѹϢȼɽ·ڳŭסƬءɽѪƳɵȼ㣬̺Žǰϡ֮ܶԵͽЧģ¸߽޵ǿѹ
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̶ʮϢʮͷĽ֮һա
죡𶴿ˣ̸ҽұ
ϲȼյ㣬˷ܵһŵľľɽʯͷСȥ

ʮ磬ٷ˰½һ޴ȻѨڡⶴѨʮɴ󣬶ڼ浽㡣
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Ѿ׵ǽ׺߽֮䣬ͻƽλʵԶڳκһʿ
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ɱ
ǣǼɱ𣡡
˱ǳ󵨵סһۡ
̫ˡ
УΪߵĲҲ㣬սǿҶ㣬༸Ҳѡʵ൱ֻںͨһ֧СӣĶ㶼ҳʮ֧ҶǺǿɱͷѾ׽ӽ߽׵Ҷһǿá˺黹Ǻ
ЩڶڼȡҹɰһʿָǣǹųɽɱûС


265 ֮
һ룬𶴵һԾΪµĽ𵤼ޣʱвǵİȫԽ޵Ŀֲɽɱ䣬ʱ֪ɽԵʿⶾ֡ؼնɱͷƽ׵˴˲֪ʿϢǣ˶мޱȡ
ǾӹΰһٳʿأҲǺʿʦ֪Ĵ󹦣ҲѫܱʦŽ𵤳ϿУΪ״ӡλƻһжֿɵãǧѷĻᣬǻԥʲôѵǾ͸긴һЩʿƲСʿɣ
󺺴˵ţԽԽȭͷϷŹ⡣Ѿɱɳ֮õʿĻӭӣΪɳǺպʿһ
³ʦ⻰˵ֵðһԣʦ֣ɱɱڶҵǧҹɰ
ʿĿǵͬ
ڳļʿ˵ȻĶ׷׵ͷͬ
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ˣʿ͸ˣûеСҶֻ֪˵ţҲһߣȺʿȷʵ΢
һڹնɱһͷϢǣǾȫͬˡֻһȫ𶯣ǳΪĿĽ㣬Ϊ䶯һʱʿ
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еʿ֪ɽҪǶôѵ飬֪ʿƴһҲǼҲһûںһٳĻ᲻
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ԣʱ񱻲β͵èһ˫ĿŭҶұֿڷԡҶ˵ĲʲôҪɱõҶҪ
Ҷһ˵ЩԥҡӺҶĿʵûһһٳľ޴ջһðľ޴գѡ
ʣ㲻ˣǶ໹ķ֮һʱһ꣬ȺߵȺܿɱǳϣʤ·һʧ顣ղģպҪĪ
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ʱԥоѣһе㣬ڡȼĺܿ죬ֻʣ²ķ֮һ
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˺ģгһ޳Ļ浶ҵķ߰ʯҲȥ
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ĿǰǴʿûսʺԶ˽սҲɽĹͨʿǶ鱣Ķһ㲻ǰ档
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Ҷӵ죬ʩչѾ뿪ĳѨɣ𶴿ȥ
ӭײڹ𶴵Ķͨʰȡҹɰκ߰ʿΪ̫ͣûǸŽȥֻǷԸʰȡڵôɳȥʯ
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ʿðһԻӳ𶴡



ܼ
ϣ衢ʩ塢쵤ʮǺպڶʿٶȼڴڼȻڹɽ
֣ڵȺˣѾˣ
ϣʶһ̽ʱɫһ䡣
˵ʶһ̽ӦÿԷֲһʮͷϵָܷ̽ࡣǣĶ߿յģȻûϢ
ѵڵȺȫɱ˲ɣ
ɶ񣬿϶Ǳһ֧ʿ飡ǰѹ𶴵ɱˣ
ļʿŭ
ôܣʲôʿôʱڣڵʮͷϰͷɱ⣿֣Ҳô졣ǻҵĳڶ֧Ǹǿʿ飿ⲻܣ϶ʲôǲ֪飡
ˣڿͷûУ𶴵ͷδƽףڻһͷ׵ޣɱȫûмֵһҪȵΪ߽׽𵤼ޣʱɱļֵŻᱩٱҪڱɱˣǾͰһˣ
ʿ¶ɫ˵ţ׷׼Ծ𶴡
ʱͻȻһҼٵ

һСȺ˾ڡʿֳַɽ龪ʧĴӹڳ˳ǻҵ飬Ǳµ׷ƨɱһ
ҶͲǰ˳ų𶴣ӭײϣһȺڶʿǶ˲ɵһͣ
롫ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ʩʦ֣ʦ㣡ɽŵӲλʦʦ㣡λʦʦ㣬ôˣ
һͷ𾪣æֹǰһȺʿ˿֮˷ϣһȺʿ
ǵʿû˭ʶŵĴʦַϣн衢ʩһˡһŴŶһʿպŸ߲ӡһλһһŵڶеٮٮߣ
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ͷ𾪣׷ʲô飬ȺʿȻߵһ𶴡
ŵķϣ
ҶĿɨϣ쵤һȺʿĿһݣûҲûʩʶȺˣȺҲʶֻʶ쵤һˡݣҲûҪµǡ
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һأʲô߽㣿
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ϵɲϵòһŵһСغɫĸ߽㣬δȼŵĽ𵤼Ϣʱôһ¡
϶ǲ߽ȼ㣬ѹڵȺŸߣŵ¹ڿҪȻƾһʿҲҪɱֱΣ
ϣԭΪһӺǿľʿ˹𶴣û뵽һȺΪ߲ڵĲ۵СආһʶĶʿûУΪʧ
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ҶڵıʦĪҲɱģ
ܵ˷ϣķŭ⣬΢²
ʦܣڶûУ
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ڣǽ֮濴ǿԾæܳ棬λʦֿҪȥ
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ȥνͷڶھͺã
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267 
ôӦ磬Ȼǰһ죡
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ͻƵ׼ȷʱ䣬ǵر鳤ϸġ鳤Ѿǽ𵤺ʿһΪΪͶ̽չܳ
ȴǰһ죬ǲŵִ𶴣ϵСѾγɡ
϶ڹ֪Щʲôǰƽף
ĿݺݵĶСӵʿ
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꣡
һĿߣ趯˺ѿյգ𶴱ֱ
䣡
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ö䣬ɢʮ﷽Բڰǿеֿĺסÿһף͹â֡

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ǽ𵤼޵Դʧ˵𵤼ǿֶͨζܶԵУ𵤼޲³ԼԵС
Сٵĺ̫ˣֶθס־ԼǿԿСٵĺף׽±ס

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΢΢תͷ㿴쵤ߵܸо쵤ĺϢ
Ҷδ΢üͷ쵤ʲô쵤϶˶ڵĳɱ򴫵ţԲ˶ߡ
·ϵᡢЩޣɱģ
쵤ǱеҶ߲֮ĿⶢЦЦ촽Σʶﴫ
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ҶûзϣͬﴫСûֻ֣ҪһʾʳҪҲ̫ס
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쵤˫һ֮ɫ
꣡
Ҷֻ˰꣬һнϵԲ磬ԾˡͨʿҪһŷʮ֪꣬Ҷڶȹġ
С֮Ұ֣һͷ
쵤
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Ҷһ㶣ЩԾ
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Ԫ䡷Ƿӣ̲סջȥ˻ġԪ󷨡
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ħŵɷ䣬ԪġԪ䡷ƪѪƪɷƪԪǿޱȡ
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Ա֮ǡԪ䡷һݣ쵤Ҳһݡ
ֻҶԡԪ䡷ĴɵȻ飬һֱûǷݡɷһı׶ˣɹͷˣȡû뵽취˳׶֮ǰȥ⹦
ڹƸãԷɫ׵Ļ̫꣬»ݻɫ԰ףһ̬
Ϊʲô֣
ҶĬСŵСŮĺȥܾ
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Ҷ쵤ʱ򣬴󲿷ʿעԿ׽δע⵽Ƕˡ

ʮһʯ£ʩ忴Զ쵤ҶһʶﴫɫĿвһ˿ޡϧ˵ʲôܲζ
ħСŮ쵤ϺãɽںĳɫŮʿ
ϲŭ޳ԡ
ƫƫԵӣƫƫòŵĸ߲ӼΪĽ׷
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һֱһ쵤׽ֻ쵤ûʲôɫȴ쵤ҶƺΪ׽޶ԡ
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ִʩϵĵӣԼðʿȽϹעҶΪŵ״ӣϵʿ
ǰżҶֻǶ˲κνѣҪϣҲ֪Ҷǡ

֪˶ãɢȥ
Сڹȥ


268 
Ȼ֮Զǹɾ춯صĿֲ֮ѹʿΧ﷽ԲķҲͷɽֶѨ֮²
ֱ׽ٳɢȥһƬʣھʯµʿһ
λʦֵܣڶɽ֮İʱ֮Ϊʵɡֻаʱڰʱɱǰʱɱˣʵ𽥻ָҵȱ̳˻ǣΧʱָӵȣ
ϣȡһ߽׽ϵɽʿ
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СʿҪôͬҪôüûһ˷ԡʵǿļʿĺôȻͬ顣ʵ΢ֵʿ֪ô֣ô䲻ϣͷȻˬ죬Ҳֻűˡ
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Ҫǰս˵˭˭ȫʵӳռκζĺô
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˷ʱ䣬ҪȻ⳶ƤҪȥʱ䣬ɱʲô費粻ƫƫڼֵʱҪ󣬾ǿ׼Ըⵢʱ䡣
˵㰴ʵҲԼǶ֮ǿǸ
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ͷݺݵһۺ治ԶĲˣʱҲûȥϲˣֻܷǲܡ
ʿɽȣĿġ
׽ٵɽǧɷԲȫ׻һƬڵ׽Ѿɢȥ˵ϢϡɲԵͽʿżѹȡ
СӵʿΪձ鶼ͣɿĵľ

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Ƴڿʱ򣬵һɫɲǼüΪء
׼عȻ䣬תͷɽʿɺͫ¶Ϊһ׺̰ĹâһưĽ֮Ȼ

޴Ȼһģɳʯ


269 س
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һԾ磬ĽУɲ֮䣬ɰʯ죬ֲѹֹΧ﷽Բؽ硣
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߽ǳȳˣ籩ɥɱ
У̫ʱˣҽķۺ񣬿Խʩչֻ߽аʱȫǿλʦܣ̶֣ɱڴһ٣
Ѿ죬˰ѪѪԣʳѪԼٻָԪʱСģҪҧУ
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272 ķŭ
롢֧ʿС಻
Ҷȥ׷ɱĶӵϣһȺʿҲܡɴҲΣȫʩչԦֱӳߵĴ׷ȥ
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273 ޴ջ
Ҷ³ɸ֣ɸٻѻһ˲䣬侲˼㣬һĸǱޱȱ
ٶɸɱУΪÿһζɸһα¶ɸķա
ЩеļζãԸɽҰѻȡѻѨ˵ɽħɱһ·׷ŵӷнܡ
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ҶҲûŪصɸжǿڵɸֻһķѾպΪɸҲϱøǿܹɳʲôز֪
κʿɸᱻɸ֮Ч𺳣ᡣҪ˵ʿԪӤʿҲסϧһгҪɽֻҲᱬһս
ҶڼɸͼһɱͬʱѾԸ׼ʿʹɸʲôˣ᲻ϧһдۻɱκκ󻼡
ҪôҪôûκνҡ
ƽʱºͣ͵˿չַâ¶һɲǡ
׻ѻʮͷĽ׻ѻɸŻڳһӴʸĻѻӭ泯ѻײȥ
ѻ֮࣬鲼ԲɵͿգϢŨҡ
ɸڱСݺѵжѵأÿһͷѻһͷѻɼ࣬ʸȻʮͷѻûһͷҷɡֻǵĻѻвסÿһͷԼöĳӽУѻͷƤ顣
ѽ
ѻõҶǵ䡱ָһչѻȺĽȥзһС
𵤼޶ԵͽޣȻǿѹûоѵĻͽһ㶼ѡսӣ⵽߽޵ĴɸڵĻѻȺǾѵȻһԸ߽п־壬ȴ᲻սӡ
ѻʮͷѻڷеͬʱ͵һ͡
ۣ
ѻһööڴ
ÿһö򣬶н׻𷨵аɴСʮöڵͿл۵һ𣬻Ϊһڵʮɵľͻ򣬺糯ȥ
ֵĿʱޱȣĲľҲڸȼžͻԶŲ۷ʿȫһ
޻ֵܵסǴʱѾѪֹʵʣ²һɣҲʣ࣬ȴǲȥӲֵ
ܵöͻ̺һæĶ޴ƵܡٶȣҪȻϮһЩ
ľͻ򼸺䡪Ĵ֣ɷԲڵĹĩ𶯣漴һƬȼյĻСϵŲ۷ʿһ
ббܿ򣬾֡
ҪǱ޻У㲻Ҳ᳹ɥʧս
ܿͻͬʱǵصĻѻȺѾײ
һҵⲫ˲䱬
˻ѻȺ֮С
Ⱦ󲿷ֻѻӴ󣬶ƤޱȵļӲηⲫսǸͽ޵ⲫս׵˺κεͽޣͽȴ˵
˫һģ޴֮£ֱӰѼͷѻķɣĳ⽴
˫צһץסѻȺһͷùĻѻ
ֱŵѪ󲹵֮ҪܽȺѻȫѪȫ޸ƣǡ
ϲڴţ¶źѪ͵һҧȥ
ͣ
ͷùĻѻѪ٣ȥ̶һϢ֮伸Ѫա
ĻѻѪϢޱȡ
ͷѻͬʱʮͷ׺ݵĻѻҲϣǼצ޴˿ڴƴ˺ҧҧ´Ѫ⣬ֹǣĤΪࡣ
飡
ʮͷѻץ£ײڴֵϡ
ֵķ֡
ظûκη࣬ѻҧ˺ץû࣬ȡĻѻѪ޷Ԫ
ƴҪһԾ޴ȫʮͷѻץҧסɡиĻѻѹϣÿһ϶ѻþһֶȥ˺ҧ
˺ҧԱÿһͷҧеĻѻգۼҪͷĽ׻ѻҪͻΧȥ
ûãĻѻΪͣץһѪ⡣գ֮䣬ʮٵ˿ڡ
׿־ˡ
ɽݺϰ꣬ڶ޲ɱû˺ҵݡ


ٶ³öǿöС֮˴Ԫâ
䣡
öâƴֱײѻĻѻȺ俪ʮͷѻˣһͨǿޱȵɢԵڰЩѻס
ƿ
һʹõѹ
ϵ߽˲Ʒƿ
ǺޱȵķϵǷϵޣʮͷ֮Ҳδһͷ
սҲ
δá
ڱƵʱŻáǸ߽׷ϵĵķ󣬽ƿʩչܰķĹ⡣
ûдȺĻѻⷨһսҶ
Ļѻ̫ˣɱҶѻȺɻҪһСʿͬھԪɽ޾޿ȥɱһ죬Ϊʮɽǿ֮Ϊ߽׵ޡ
һ
쬣
ӻѻȺİΧ֮ƾʧ˲һǧ֮Ĵ֡
ڶ
쬣
ٶʧ˲ڸԶĴ֡
ֻҪʩչʮƿӵǧ֮⣬ʮ뿪Сʿ֮ڣ㹻ˡ
飡
ʩչڶһͷڴУƴĴƿҲ޷Ӧ
űֵķ֣Ѿ֮ǰսг׺ľ޷֧ʩչһƿ޷ٷʮͷѻƴ֮£˫ƵƤⶼ˺ҧһգֻʣ°ɭɭĹǼܡǹǼܣǷɲġ
ֵĻͷһɱڵӰĻѻȺԶ˹ѻ˲ʮͷ֮࣬ʣµɶ
Ҫˣ
Ҳûлȥϣ
׾ſ³ҶһĿɶͬھ
䣡
꣡
Ҷһ̧֣һױƴڵء
Χף鴤Ʋס
ͣ
һϵɽ׺ޱȵĴͷ­ģѾߵͷ­סĽϵɽ̡
ͫɢʮȻڵϡ
һɱ
ˣ
Ҷڵϣһץסҷʬס
ѻظ
һӣɸŻͿлѻУǻȥˣɸŻΪ糤ſڡ뾡ջɸ
Ҷ첽ǰ˫ֽսݺݵĽͷ­˿
ӡ뾡ʬȡʱԾãӡᱻȥʴɥʧЧá
ϵ߽籩ӡ
ϵ߽סƿӡ
Ҷͷ­Уȡһŵİɫâ΢΢óһհ׵ķţƽŰɫâӡȥ˵˷зϵʿʯؽչ򲻵ֵԹ
ĺǺǸѪҶֱӰ봢СЩǼõıܵĴߡ
գ㶯ɸɱﵣǾޱȣɱͷĽãջ޴ֵˣ֪ϣ֪ɱôսƷ᲻ᷢ裡
ЩҶŸоԼȫʪ͸ˣЩ


274 ѹƳ磡
ҶٽѪһһڣЩ·ϲƵѪ⣬Ҳ˲ȥʰȡŷϣһɱʮͷ𣬹ƿ׷
ʱ֪ϣСѾѣһʿѶӣ׷ɱ֪Ҳỹô򶨡
ҶֳַɽһҪ뿪ɱֳ
ͻȻеһ󳹹ǵıͺ񱻼Ϊ׺ݵ޶һһΣյϢ
㣬˵ˣ
Ҷһȥ
һͷͳɵ鱪ڴָĲľ֦ϣϢ߳ѩ׵ƤëߡıڵţµŨѪϢŽ޵ΣϢЩ˫̧ͫͷһ֦ϵҶ
һ߽Ƥس¶ɢҰϢʿ鱪ϣͬĮĿҶ
ŻƳ磡
ҶˣȴһȷϣСӵʿŵĻƳ粻ֻ̫еȣͷ鱪ʮᣬǴ׷ٵƳ鱪ϣѲ¡
Сӣͷأ
ƳȻûаҶλʿڸߴ鱪ϣĿǰһƬսͻȻҶʵ
һ·׷ٶƬĴŨҵĻ𷨡׷ϢƬľ׻֮ճɷɻҽ̿дѻëѪ
һһΪҲп׷ɱս
ʵǿʿһСȺʿ׷ɱͷ˵Ϣʧˡֻûп׷ɱʿֻҶֳ
ƳҲûлɹҶ
Ҷֳɷǳ󣬵Ҳֻɶѡ
ҶΪ˵ɱ˽˵δЩ̫ЦҶ׷ȺİΧ׷Ϲǰķ֮һ㡣ôһСĹô̵ʱ䣬Ҷôɱ˴
Ҫ˵Ҷ߲ڸ֣ټ鱪Ҳôɱ
ƳҶǺƲģʿҲ֪ðģҪΪ䣬ʻʡ
Ҷ΢֪Ƴ粢ȷɱЦң˭ҲűȰ벽ϵͿǰ档ӦǸձʲôɱˣɱˣûԶҸϱȥ׷ܷܲ
˵꣬Ҫ뿪
վס
Ƴһͣû뵽ҶʻôɫɶȻȵȰд򿪣ҿҼûʬߣ
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Ҷͷһ£ʱ֪޷ˡͷ𵤼װڴ֮УǾûƳ翴ġжϰĸ߽ӡͬڴڡÿһֵޱȣ㹻Ƴ̰֮ɱˡ
ˣ
ȥϣСӵʿϵ鷳
Ҷһˣⷢ쬡һݣȥֻҪ˻Ƴ磬ɽʮɽ㹻ݺ꣬˭׷ɱ
ߣ
ƳЦƾһССʿҲѣҪ˵㣬ʿҲӲҵ׷٣ƾҵҲ㹻ɱ㡣
׷ȥ˺ɱҲܷŹ
Ƴӱ籪£һıӣЦһСɱģСӲҸ鿴Ͽ϶һЩмֵĺö
鱪˷ܵ˻һȻһԾɱ

˲仯ΪһķӰһԾʮϰɣڴԾ˵ٶȱܴ
ϵ鱪ٶȼڶ̾ڵĶȻɱ쳣һ˲䱬˻ٶȣûͬ½޿ԸᲢۡ
Ƴڱ籪ĺ棬ʰһСʿöֻ֣ҪϷǡ
쬣
鱪׷ҶϰɣǰצݺһץһɳĺҶϮȥ

ҶеϮ˫Ŀ䳰ˣһͷ鱪Ҳǰ硣Ǽ뿪ŲƳ綷Ļɱ˻Ƴͷ籪Ҳȫܹ
Ȼ˫Ƴĳн׷
ʣ
һʵıǽ˲ᣬֵϮıѸ͵ڱǽϣһ죬ǽͱͬʱѣըΪƬ
䣡
ͬʱһƬױ鱪ͷϳ֣˲串ΧɷԲٶٿ죬Ҳܱױ졣
ͷ˷׷ɱı籪ϵͻ䣬ʱʮУѩëյð̽ڣȷһͷݺݵڵϡ
ױȻǿҵ׵ԣ˺޵ʵӲн׷Ҳûʲô˻ţϷ
ʮֱۣڷð˳Ĳס籪֫Ľ籪ڵϡոմױĺվȴٶȶãò׷ɱҶתצ˺Ѳס󾡿óΪӡ
Ҷû֣һ֣һͷɳķԡһͷɳķˮԡһͷɳķԣࡣͷһǿҵĻϢˮϢϢΣտֲɱ⣬ɲʱ䱩
޾ܿҲ÷
籪ٶȼ죬һķܻǷҲδܻϵֻ֮ϵ˵Ǳ籪ǰܵĿΣһƬױһȥҲֻеӱķݡ
ס֣ң
Ƴʧɫãһױ籪һʿȻһͳ˴ԭѩ׵ıƤںڽᣬϲ
Ƴһ壬һ˦ϵһâӲӵĸ߽Ԧ޷
Ԧ޷ӭ籩ǣΪ޴󷨻Ҷͷ˹ȥ赲ҶʩԸı鱪򣬿³ŲһС籪Ҫ
ҶҪͷ籪һɫǻƳ繥ʱҲֻܷ籪ոռн׷һ𳯻Ƴȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ͷԣײԦ޷һķըϮԦ޷ըɳȥ
Ԧ޷Сɻȥ
Ҷʿн׷Բﵽ󣬷ԶΪ
ܣȻϵн׷ȫ˴ԲķŵҲֻϵԲѣѾںպڶⷨޣ㾿ʲôˣΪҴδųʿ
ƳջԦ޷оͷ籪Ȼɫޱȡ
ʲôɫٶȾ䣬ŵһ˿־壬һָҶУ֮ˣԻ׷ͷѵǱɱģ
Ҷʵֹôһ㡣
ͷжǿնС٣ʵ½ɣʮʿ֣Ҳûܽ¡Ҫ챦׺ʵʣ²һɣӡ
ҲǿĲ񻰣˭ɱġֻҪһָܻԪݺɽ
ûƳ޷ܡһʿѣǿʵɱŸ߲ĵӣ߲ʿŵ콾֮һҲûⱾ¡
ϵн״Բ١ֻ۾ɱ̫߿ˣн״Բɱ˽ղ׷ǳ֣ϧһʿɱ˴żΪĻѻˡûĴǻѻĻѪɱˣŵˡȥ׷ϻüپǾӰӶ׷ˣ
ҶƳϻһ֡Ƴһ˷ٵʱ䡣ƭƳȥ׷ĪеʿǲϲߡԺƳ᲻ᷢ࣬Ժ飬迼ôࡣ
Ƴеޱȡ
ҶʵҲܡ
ڰϵԲƳһֶ֣ܿͨΣֻܸƳı籪ӶһƳҪȻףҪսʤƳҲͬΪѡ
ŵĻƳŴʦַϣҲһһ𵵴Ρ
Ŵų˽ŵķϣиصĶ֣ھŴ֮ʱɽ硣ϣͬһεģ²һƵϣҲҪƴǵڣûûҹĿޡϣѹ֮֮ҡ
ŴŴʿǿײݲðҡɹˣһٳҫԼͬҫǲҰܣ׹أΪʿĵʯ
ҶܿԼһȺʿ϶൱Ĳࡣ
ҶоԼн׷Ѿߵ˼ޣ⿿н״ԲԪˡŲ㣬Ųʿɻʮּѡ
ҪǿĹֶΡϧڻʿֻн׷߽׷޷Ҫս취ˡ
꣬꣬ΪԼս


275 ˷
ҶԸԭضȥ
ƳҶ뿪ޱȳɺԥҪҪ
ҶһɱģЩսƷ϶ҶϣҲðչһȥ׷ɱҶʰˣһ߲ʿҲʹ
ҶɱĻ˵ĻôɰҶĻҶҲҪҵ䣬Ҷ鷳
֣ûкôеΪѡ
֮ǰѾʩкôûиƾҺ֣СӽסİϡǲɱģѲһĴܳ׷ģ
ƳнסͻȻһɫӰӣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ҷ֮зȥ
Ȼ֮䣬һɫӰ쬡ǰɴֳһɽסǰȥ·
ɫӰͻƳ硢鱪һǰһ󣬽Χ
ʩ壡ôôˣ
ҶǵӰͷѸݵζȻֹ
ϯִʩϵĵʩ壬ڰ˲㣬ȻƳ绹ĽɫڣһɸʩһȨƣǰв·ɽͷأɵȻҲߵһ
Ҷһɱĺ⡣ʩͻƳƺĬܿܶѾ֣һǲסʿ롣
ʩʦ֣Ѿˣܱܿ봢ڣһ°ɣ
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ʩ˵ͷǺЦţֽҶ˹ȥϹżְЦݣȴЦԻƳĻ̫ţʰҶ
֮ǰҶ쵤һ˽Ϊ̬ܵѾҶΪ˳ۡҶǽҰŵССɢʿҲ֪ð̣һϵ
ҲͰˣȻ֪СŮ쵤ߵôһ޸СʿҲҸĺŹŮˣǻˡ
ֻҪҵɣԥ֣Сʿϣݺݼ̤һСʿ֪ʲôǼɢޣʲôǸ߸ϵŹС
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λ£Ůӣ쵤ͻƳ硢ʩСӣ׷ٹһǰŶѡ
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ʩҪ֣쵤֣Ȼͣ¡
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ʩͷһתڨЦʦôҲˡˣĲȫСϣһĴһ£ѴڵĶˣΣϣǸϹûǵķˡ
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쵤һŭҲ˼Ϊ͸ŮӣȻûŪҶìͷָơʩˣȻϣºҶʸŭ˵ͬʱҶϣ˺ܿͻˡ
Ҷ쵤֮Ĭ쵤һۣת㳯ַɱȥǶһȻ쵤ְΧͷ÷ָһݺô
ʦܣ㵲ס쵤ȥ׷Сӣ
ʩɫˣ˵˵겻ȻƳͷֱӳҶ׷ȥˮԽԽ죬һſҲ˵Ϊ֮ƣֻҶ˵
ʦպδ֡˵ز㽻֣һһط֣
Ƴű籪صĶ쵤ȡϵԦ޷һĿ籪һŻƳз
ʦҲԻʦ֣ܵ
쬣
һɫӰЦƳ׷ȥ


һɨڸղŻƳСŮս֮أɫŭϢѻϢ鱪ʩ壬Ƴ磬СŮȥˣ
ŭһƺݺڸľľйߡһ£㳯ƳСŮķ׷ȥ
쬣
ܿ죬ǼʿӰ
ǵɫ飬ÿŭ˼䣬Ҵҳ½ѰҪҵ

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һ֧˾˵ʿɱ˹𶴵ȺڳƬС֮УȻнŷϣŽ衢ѦŻ챦һȺʿ
Ϣ㳹ʧˣ
ϣĿɨ֣ŭޱȣ˭ˣ֮ǰа˾ʿǰѶ׷ֵûɵ˲٣Ҹǳء
ʦֵ֣ͷƺһҵĲɱʱɱ᲻ɳλʿ֣
Ѧ侲
ܡɽҵʿ֮أǵĽʿֻǵİȫһЩƽʱɽҪȻ鳤ҲûҪǰɱֱɱ˸ʡ¡
ϣȻԡ
д𷨡׷ϢܸܿйдѻëѪŵĴֱʣź󣬵ҲųҲ漰УҲܲˡÿһ˶ɣʦ֣ΪҿʧһöΪıףһҪһһҰװʧأ
챦Ц
ʦܷģѦʦܣ̻سǵ֣ǵѲߡȫ׷£һҪҳСʿɱģ˭ҶҪʹĴۣ
ϣѦҪôʱɱһֻµ˲֣ɽֻǲܵôˡϸŲ⼸սǵʿ飬Ͷʮʯκξٱ֮ˣϧۣһʵϣûֳµ̫࣬ǣţҪҳɱʿѡ
ǣʦ֣
Ѧ̵ͷɳǵ֡
ϣͷŭ˼㣬սȭͷ
õҲͰˣϵʿô֡ʲôҲû̵æһЦرǵʿ˽°ܣƻò׻ܵġ
ֻǷϣʱû뵽ϲǺɽһĴҡ


276 С
ҶԼӳԦɽïַܴɱĴ֮䡣
Х磬մ̵΢΢ʹ
ûͷŻ֣档
ּߵо
ϴϢݳʪϢ֦ҶɢĸζиַӵĲľϢšǱ͵Ϯ˿Ҳ췴Ӧ
Ҷʱͷ鿴ʩѾ˺棬ɡǧɡԶһϵʿһ˲ʿ׷ٶȲ΢
Ҷ֮ܳ߰󣬷ѾʩٸһʮԶ
һʮԶɽɽ֮ӰӶʶҲ̽飬ֻƾʿĸϢ׷١
ҶҡͷЦ
ʩ̫߰ԴΪԼ˲ʿ׷
ʩԼֻһľϵʿѣΪϹȻ˺ü㣬ûԦĸٶδܳʿ
ȻľϵʿҲٷСɽĸ߿̫ңʿҷɸߡͿշеĻɽȡľϰ̫࣬ûٶȿԡ
ǻƳ׷ɱ׷ˡ
ϧʩԼֶԸûƳȥԸСŮ׷ϡʩ۸ֵͣû׷ٵıȴҪܣֻԽ׷ԽԶ
Ƴ粻׷ϣҲ֮ǰС׷
ҶţһƬʮıԵ
ڣԶͿŲٵĹľ洦ɼˮĶأض׺ˮݷ
ˣʩȥζ
ҶһЦһСΧʲ¼ǳӡЩͽ޵ѪαװѾ
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Ƭ֮ʩıԵ
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ʩͷŭһݺݵĴ͸ڵһͷߣѪĽҾҪ

ϣӣʮʿڹΧ˽ľϢڱѦǡ
ʼϲÿһӽɳǵʿڳſڴ߹ͰйϢ
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Ѿ˽޵ĿֲͿ£Įͨһޱȡ
ʮ֧ǿʿСӣڷɱɽһޱȣҵɱĺһ䵽Լͷϡ

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Ҷͬˣ޷СеġǿǶǿֻСһѪȥԡ
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룬СƳķҪҶԼƳƷǿܶࡣ
СһѪʯϸרʿ²ʱһ£ǶԲϵԽȫ˽⣬̶ȵķӳϵ
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һĺûֱӹϵ
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Сȴ¶һЦݣΪСҪƵʽ⻹Զûأÿһ֧ĻҪȫ׵ķ
꣬һǧ֧ϵɫУôβٿأѵһ״ľͷЩɫжڡϣ
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һһǧ֧ɡѪװֵ޷ȵһͷļֵ
ѹСҿڣҪƳһǿǿķҲֻСʦ뷨ҶԼģõҲûȥʽ
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С͸¶룬ҪѪװʱΪһ͵顣
ҶȻһֱСɽȵʯڵСѪ
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Ҷһ֧ɫУ˷ܺǿҵڴɽ˼֮ȥһɫеԪ䡷
ΪԶȱಹһķɽ֮мΪΣգԺʿ׽ɽУҲǳȺӳ֣Ҳɽгʱ䶺
ЩҶ˵⣬ֻҪɸڵʯû꣬Ĳ㲻ù⡣
ֻҪСıܿɽ޳ѨȥЩǿĽ޺Ⱥֻ䵥֣ҶҲԱ֤Լİȫ


278 Ϊͻ
ɽʮ﷽Բɽɽȣƣ֮Խ˻ȵѨṳ̂㣬ΡԻ֣֮˼ն֮Լڶ߽Ƭϵɽ֮ȡ
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ھŲʿв٣ŷϣŽ衢ȶŲ۷塣֮սȴΪԣϣսңңȡҲԿ·Ѿ嵽ŲҲûãҪսǿС
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ܻǣҲ뿪ɽֻҽɽСӻЩʯÿ½ɽͨʿڶ࣬˭Ҳʶ˭ҩǻЩʯû⡣
Ҷа
ǼΪֽڣʶһƶĹֻҪϷϣСӵʿɻȥ


279 ɽ
ȥһǸطǽϽӦһЩʿ顣
Ҷ뵽뿪çç֣һǰѪս֮ضȥɽ̫󣬺ߣǺʿģҪȥһЩʿûĵطС
𶴡Գȡ߿ߵȵȣЩطǾǧﷶΧ֮ڣ޳Ѩɽʮ﷽Բ޳Ѩٴ
Ҷ֪Լһɽ˼ɽǱһѰĴȳ
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ףκ硣ôɽ
ҶЩɻϸ£СӣǰѰǴӽȥûоƵȻ
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ԭǽŵԹӣԹˣĳһͨʿԹǰƵԹӲǺպ֮
Թҵæ첽ǰ鹰ʩ϶ͨʿźʿеЦ⣬ҴλֵΧңûݵҲΪʦַǣ
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ߣһɫСˣΪҸǴһأŻһ䣬Ȼˡ
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ΧͱұˣûǽӰԶǵϿԳȽԳĵ̣˵жͷ𵤼ޣǻǱȥˣ
ڵһʿųų
԰ôû뵽ǲҲǽޣֻҪܸʦֳ棬ʲôޣ
Թһ㶣뵽ʲôϲһȣһԴ
ߣȥѹȣȥʦɱ϶ҲɱֻҪʦ⣬ʿ棬ɱɱһͷҲû˭ɴʦֵʵţ
ԽԽܡ


281 СŮ
κ뿪ɽһƬҲ飬糾͸ϻȥħСŮ쵤
쵤Ȼǲüġ
Ϊħŵĸ߲ӵܣе츳ߡò欵Ůӣϲŭ޳СŮ֮ơλ츳оòĥ͸ԸŮɽǾġ
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쵤ͷһ˿ŹֵͷҶƺǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ǰǰ뱻׷ɱĶӵĲСʿһֺƽƽʿĸо
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ȻЩ˼ǲ֣ǾŴĹŻţҲǿԵֶΡֻЩֶκھŴʿϰˡ
һջûȥԼȥ֤Ҷ١
ҶɫȻȴһҪǲв߳һҪƵºֻ֡ɱ쵤ôûж٣󻼷ڶࡣ
Сðɣʦһʦ㣬ɱģʦ㣡
쵤˼һתЦ
ŵĻܣһˣҪ֪
ҶƮƮһ仰Ͱ쵤»ȥˡŻܣ˵˭ܶʡ
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ҶҲû˵ϻӴȡһöӲӵһһǻڷĹ׵öǻֻûʶٿأǸûκĻ
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쵤ҶöӲӵ߽ܵڵǹǿҳϢסˡ
ȻҶУ


282 ڶʽ
ʮʯö߽͹㣡Լãȥܷһ԰ʽף̸̸ס
Ҷ鵭Ȼ
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쵤֮ܿƽ
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ѶϵŮӣȻһӵɻ󣬵ȸ˵ʮʯһö߽Կ
쵤óһСԼڵʮʯװȥ׸Ҷ
ʮʯͨʿ˵ǴʯǶķħŸ߲ӵܣʿ˵ࡣһ߽׷ֵʮʯƽʱٴʮ߽׷
ҶֽסʶһɨʯĿͷ쵤

쵤һѽöӲӵץУϸһ䴢ڣϲޱȡö߽ͻھŲǰü꣬ھŴ֮ǰȡͻƣһл嵽Ų۷壬ǿΪȥμ
벻ͨöмֵΪʲôԼãھŲ㣿ΪʲôҪңתңûرԭ϶ô
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ҶĬһЦ
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ȡһͷһѪҪ¡ָܻ֮ͷҲǷϵȱѪǳɳġҪָѪҪԵʳʷñʿԼ鵤󣬻мʱ䣬ʯɱʱϣǳ㡣
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أƳǸҪһͷ鱪ӵĿ죬ŵӵıһ붼ϣǿ˵Щһȥ취Ｏʯ֮Ӧ㹻ˡ
쵤һЦת뿪֡
Ҷδ쵤ʵۣĿ쵤֡
ʵ쵤еõһʯֻĿ֮һһܵĿģȴ쵤Ƕʿǵע⡣
ѾԼΪͻƵ̫죬ȻáԪ䡷ͣ¶Ԫ䡷ٶȻԶ쵤
³Щڶʿ϶ǿһɵϣҽд
ߵ쵤ǰ涥ţ϶ɽʹѪֻҪ¶ʹѪ˿̻߷ϣȶʿע⡣
쵤ڷħŵʵ͵λߣ˭ҶǷϣҲ⶯㹻ʵסʿİдͱҶɲΪԼܺͷϣһȺʿԡ
ҵΪ̫죬ûһһ֮ھͻ嵽ھŲ㡣ÿһֻһ㣬ȫܹ֮ѪԪڿԿʼӦСɸˣҡСࡢɸ֮ͬʱ嵽ھŲ㡣
ҶţŸų֡


283 ԹĶ
Ҷ쵤̸֮һһ߳֡
쵤ҶǣֱӻȥﱸʯҲ뾡Ｏ㹻ʯҶеһѪҲԪ䡷ѸھŲ㡣
Ҷ쵤˵ֵԶκһʿƺʲô飬鼫Ϊ
һ֪Ҷ쵤֮£ҽִˣʱҶ쵤˴ڳæ
Ҷʦ֣ˣɽҪˣ
κɫŻţǵ
ʲôôţ˵
ҶüͷһκҲױŻͷˣų»治һС¡
쵤Щ֣û뿪
ղһڹΧʮﷶΧѲӣԹСӵһʿŻŵĹȥҸоԾû׷ɱһ˻Żŵʲô㿪ǡҺͲʦһ£׷ȥץ˹ѯʡһʣ֪˴£СӴʦʻ
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˵ţһ֣˰ѺһŵһʿǼһף϶࣬ȻǱһ˺ݺһ١
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Сӱȥʦͻ룬˵ϿҲǽޣɱɱûʲôȻǾֱϿϳȥ׼յȥ÷ʦȥɱ
ʦڵϿΧİڣ˼ʮõľ̿ʯЩõľ̿⻹һ׵Ļ衢СܱˣǼܲס࣬ͬʱȼĴ֡һʱձ֣ƼΪҡ˳ŷƿսϿڣһѴϳˡ
ʦ˵϶ܰѵѹ˲˽Ͽڵڼŭ֮¿϶ʧȥǣʿбʦ;˴Ϣһֱ쵽ǣ׷ЩϢ϶׷ǣ
ʿҿҶʵһһʮ¶
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Ҷû뵽ԹȻȥɱô̿ȥȼ֣ɱκһʿһЩǵ͵С޻ǿģϿвٵͽ
Թûϴôྫ̿衢ʲôѵǰ֪ȥϿŻ𣿡
Ҷֵ
⵹ǣЩԭԸġʦ뵽СһȺʿΪܵͣûʲôɱֶΣҵҲĶ֡ǵʱôһÿ˶һͽ׾̿ʯ衢׼壬ԸͷЩͽ׾̿衢㻨˺üʯֻһֱҲ㵽ЩȫڵϿΧĴڡ
ʿҡͷ
Թأôֻһˣ
Ҷһ
ˣܡʦַԸȥڲãƵһ·ǣɳˡײϣҴӹ·ߣ⾪ǡ˵˵Ǳɱãһٶãʡպʹ졣꾫֮̿Ҳߵ磬Żʦ˵Զ˲ſԷŻ𡣡
ʿ̧ͷųųЩҶһŭ֮£ɱйߡ
ߣҲ档ԹСӿһòãʵСһ⡣գȻǰܻȥȻҲӺȥ»شסҷǰƤɣ
쵤˫ȻǴϣԹĶƲǳǲҲǱ𲻿ɡ

ҶŭĿһɱ⡣ŻյϿҲͰˣȻɱ
ԹʵͣȴǺ֡һ̫ˣԼԸǣȴɱǣ
˶Ȼ⣡
һѴŭ²֪ɽжʿᱻһ
κʿһĴ
ѻֻŭĲֻһͷޡ˵ԳȵĽԳ͵ϿϵУǽ֮ǰǱ㾭һûԣֵܡŭԳֻҲ֡ͽԳǽ𵤺ޡҶ֣ʦ㣬´²
ĵǵΪһɽɱ޾ḻʿ˽⵽ࡣ
㻹ûзŻ𣿡
ҶԶϿȵķȥδĻͺ̡
Ѿˣߣһܳȼ㣬ȼ˴ʯյףһʯͻȻȼΧľ̿衢ҵӵ׷ϣûƵʦԶ·ֱӴĹǡû뵽ʦǸ֣ץ
ʿͷԽ͵
նãüϻȥǸȼϨ
Ҷһһ˿ϣʵ
ˣǸȼմһʱƿϾ͵ȼʯǸϽɡһԽٶȣԶǿ졣𶴻һǧǻûӵǣͻᱻ׷ˣ
ʿϿɥ˵ġ
䡫
һƵıըԶ
ǵϿķ򣡡
ƾȻôǧ֮Ҳܿ
ʮʿһ׷׷һɽߵأԶȥ
ֻǧϿȴ֣һĻ⣬Ụ̃ʮϰﷶΧ˴ĻƣǽҲ޷
һУķŭ
̫ǿңһǧ֮Хܵķŭ
ͬʱϿԶңңԳȣҲһΪĿǽԳĺƺڶлӦ
ߣѾȫˣ̻ܶǶֻ
Ҷɫޱȡ
յ쵤ʮʯԭɽһһѪֻҪٹһ꣬ҲƳ硢ʩˡ
ԹĶƣյ˵ϿѨŭ˵Ͽض񱨸׷ɱɽÿһʿͷԳɽĴѾ÷ǳȫ
գȥıŭµ׷ԼȻǣܿ˵
ΧһĴеĵͽޣƺܵķŭŵĴʯѨ֮ӳĴߣԶЩ⵽֮
Ҷ쵤һȺʿҵ飬ѸǷɱȥ
һǧϣüӻسȥԹĶУɣ
Ҷͷҧޡ

ɽ𾪡ãȻʿСӣֹҶˡ
ΪڶʿСӣǻɽѰޣѰͻȻֵϿȷһƬ죬Ũ̹
ʲôˣ
ãǵϿԳĺ
ߣ޳޳ϾҪˣ죬ǡ
ʲô޳
ÿʮ꣬ɽǻһЩĪԭҪôʿŭҪô֮䱬ѪսͻȻ޳ͷǧͷ޴ǵĳѨɽںֱײ໥ɱѪɺӣ
Щɥʧ޳ӵǿǷɳǶȥɽһ޳֮Уɣٻȥ֡
ЩûоʿãȻ֪ʱ
ЩоʿȴѾ󺧣ŵʧǳɽвǰĿ޳
ЩʿСھѹҲ˲ȥɱѰ鱦׷׻̿Ƕӡ


284 
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ⶼһˣ϶ǱƳ硢ʩ塢µ˸ɱˣѪǿָѾݺɽ´ʳͽ޵ĺۼôڶҲһ˿һټ
챦ԹأҲؽĺǣöֵƵı׾Ͱӡȥɽɱʧľ
ϵҪʿð죬ֱǿֶǽСʩ塢Ƴڸŵĵλ̫ߣ׷ڶ࣬ô׶ԸǼŵʿ֣ɱġλ𵤳ԴΪأ£Ҳκβǣ
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ϣȻĿһâ
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ϣüͷһ壬
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ϣĿһԸ޳õİ취ǳǷܶóǷǾȫʿȥ޳ɱˣ϶ء
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ŲʿԦɱУҲһǧɷΧ֮ڣ޷ɱǧ֮Ķ֡ɳһǧ֮⣬ʶױֶ˷
ԶԴﵽǧɣѾԶκһʿĹΧˡ
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ʦ֣
ԹЦĲãӢżְӣϲãһӷָųԶɽ˰ɣǰѻҵģһڻ滹˴綾߶̣ЩܵˣҲҪǻǱŭ϶ǱʦҲ£ʦҿ˴󹦣
ŵģʲô
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Թ⣬˿ϣѾ˱ŭıԵ
Ѧʦܣһ޳ȥʦ뿪ɽؽɽű˼ʮ֮ڲ뿪ɽš
ϣٶ࿴ԹһۣԼ̲סִһ١
һԵѦҲûϻĽŵһ֡ǼŵһӵϣԹˡ
ʦ֣㲻ңܸߣôȫΪ㰡Ѧʦ֣ʦ֣ҺòײҵӦҲҪţء
ԹһͷˮУȴʿסɣȥ
Ѧֻû
Ҫñ֪Ϣ֮ǰߡ֪ܻܲŻصšվԴϵֶӣҪǣδܾչʦ֮Դϻ룬¶Թޣ
ϣĿų⣬ȭͷһ֮޴йҪʿɵģµɱͷ죬ƫƫԹɳĺ£һɻʹ
ǣʦֵǻؿڷ磬֪ʿҲᾡǱտڡʦȥҲΪ˱ϧʦһ㶼飡
Ѧ΢̾ҡͷ޳ڿٱƽǣ߲ȫʱڳʿڶ࣬Ҫ˲ء


285 СŮѪȼ
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ӵϿһԳȺӦϯɽǧ﷽Բ޳ڲǡ
޳ǰѾʮԶ˴ϵޣţȺǣܣгȺһ׵ͽޣߡ޳֮£е޾֣ѾɥʧǣüΪйԡ
ͽ׵󣬳Ⱥǧͷһӵϣ֮ҧһͷĽ׵ޣëȻʿҲԸȥЩĵͽȺ
Ȼܶ鼰ʱ޳Ϯ֮ǰӻǡǻһЩɽԶʿСӣΪ·;ңԶƴӣȴδܹ޳
ǵĳͷڶʿһĿѣǵвֿѣͬʦֵܻڳ⣬޲óȥӦ
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ͷڶʿѪӿקȭͷʿڣǱȺûɱɱ߽ӡ
˲óǣԳǵԼǳ֮⣬Ͼ͵ʱгڽ𵤳ǶԸֻҪԸ޳С
ϣֳһ߽׽𽣣޳ͦεͷ䳯ڳͷϵʿڣŵӡɢ׼ó֣һ޳ɳǵʱ򣬽ɱˣ
ÿһ޳ܶʿ
ǣǵİΣΪҪ
ں޳ʿǾһͷ޳ڡ
ϣڷɿž롣ԶǧɣҲʮ;ǧɣҲʮԶʿķɽһǧɷΧ֮ڣԼҪʿǳֵʱ򣬸޳Ѿǽⲫսˡ
ԶڣҲ޷˼޳ǰ档
ûеõǽӦͷϵʿֻܽŵųһӶʿϣܼʱӻ
쿴Ǳһ֧ʿ飡˭
һŮʿãǷħŵСŮʦ㣡ôҲڳ⡣⼸ղڱչ𣡡
ͷϣħŵǿ֮һʧɫ
쵤ķħŶ֮ŮӣǷħŶ֮еĺĶʿҲԺŶᲢ۵ʿҪǳ£Էħŵӵʿһ޴Ĵ
ֻǷħʿɫŵʿҲ̲סĽСŮ쵤ʿɾ

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һ֧СʮʿڴڿӣһɫҰףԹ޵Ҫ֪ⳡ޳ˡҶ쵤СһȺʿ
޳Ѿ׷һȺʿƨɺ棬ļͷ׵ķֻһٶԶۿǾҪ޳Ӵ
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ɽʿ鲻٣Գɱʿ飬δ׷֧顣
һգ۵ĹҶҲ뵢顣
˵ҶǲκʿŵõɫҰף޲ܶ೤񱼡ҪҶ֮ǰʩԦͱ޳ˡ
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Ƿ˫ϵʿһڶʿԶʿԼһӵĻӻС˦ûӰˡ
쵤ûмߣһ·ҶҲְæֻ뿴ҶоŵʲôɱﵣȻ֮в춯Ҫɱɱ
ΪΣѾкüͷ޳һԶܿ׷СӡֻҪǲסϢĹһͻᱻ޳û
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쵤ɻԽԽԣĿ¶׹⣬ݺݵʵ㲻ƭҵİɡƭҵˣû³
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쵤˫ĹĹġ
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һͷ׷Ǵһ׷ſڣһɶӭͼǰ潫֧Сʿȫ¡ȻǼͷһӵϣ˺ҧ⡣
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飡
꣡
һΪͷ­ѣǼӲޱȵͷ­Ǹ߽׷ҲδܿˣȻһȭ֮ͷǱѣԽһŽǱ֮⣬޳֮Уɡ
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Ҷнױ⼸ͷ׷ǣ׻֮ԣһʱ䡣Ҫɱǣûа취쵤һȭɱ
쵤δͣ
Ϊһ޷׽ѪɫӰͷǡ
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ڽ̶̶˲Ϣ֮䣬׷СӺĶͷ׷ǣֵϣǵѳһ޴Ѫˣڵϡ
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СӺ޳ǼΪֹһ٣ԵޱȵƸס
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Ǿٳ𾪡
ľħŵڿϲߺŴЩʿҲųǵѪɫӰ鶼ε𺳡


286 ں
ǵĳͷϣŴŵͨʿʿǣڶɢʿղһĻһȻ쵤ʩչѪȼսֻ˶̶̶˲ϢĹ򣬵Ѿסǵʿ
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288 Ѫȼ
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£Ҫʮ쵽һµʱ䣬ָܻѪʱԪЧú⣬ʿҪѪʢܲԪ
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ֻҪͷ޲ǣڵĽʿҲͨ޳ɳʿԼȥӦԡʿǰС޳ǶʿĥӸ档
ǵʿǶԴΪͷۣڳǳΧѲߣȺʱܵĳǣڳҲУżҲɶڳǳܱһɱС޳


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ɽһ޳С޳ֻΪϿԳķŭǵʿбġػɳǵλʿǲδȥɱޣǵĻֶûп޳ȻҲ̸϶жв
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ոһտޣԪ䡷չ죬ÿһΪٶȣͻ߲˲㡣ˣɸСõԪҲѸ࣬СԪҲڡ
쵤һʮʯټԼϵͨŵκڸ̸ɢһЩ鵤֮࣬˴ʯԹӦɸСѪ
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ҶûԼҲȥԹ׷ɱȻЩջԹˣС£ɱɱɱ˵ĻҲΪɱԹŵӵȥ̫

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ÿһ֧ɫжø߽Ѫʯĸ߽Ѫϵһǧ֧ʲôѪװչǰѾԸκһλʿǿѹȸС
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Ѫϵÿһ֧жΪӲ仡չΪأʮ㡣һּΪʸУһСײ죬һɫҫĿ
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СҶȻ⣬ɷСеĿЦ
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ҶΣһЦԼʳָҧƣǧѪѪϡ
ѪҺѸٱѪգѪҺ֮ѪȻΪ΢Ѫ⡣
ҶٶһѪ

ı󣬶һʮɵľ޴ɫ

ҶһʶٿѪȶһԳ򣬺硣
ʯڣ˫ߣշ
ѪĶǧɫ֮䷢һĽʯײͬ쳣ö
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Ҷ֮࣬תͷҵľ޴򣬴⡣
漴Ѫװһ֮ڰʱֳǣɽɱȥ

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Լ߰˰ﴦһɽȴڡ
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ͬײʵҲȥţȺ
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ӳҪҪϣһ˾ܶԸһͷţӳܶԸͷɣ
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СʿǵĻ䡣
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290 ʯܷӡ
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ֻҪûн𵤼ȺɽǱ۸ķݡҪôǵʿ۸Ҫôɽн޵Ⱥ۸ǿʳǹ
Ҷ޶֮ڰ˲ΪȥƽޡѪɣѪڼȡ˴ţѪʩչѪȼսڳȫġ
ҪѪûɣҲȥðա


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ҶڿٵļţоŲסˣʮ˲Ϣ֮Ӧ㹻¡УԶڷɱһѪӦԡ
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ҶȥѪ죬̧ͷޱȱĿ棬Щ㵵û뵽һƺɨȥѪʿȻվ
Ҷ˲Ϣʶ̽ԼƣҲЩԾ
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ȼյӰΪһѪɫӰԸΪķٶȳ˳ȥѪȼڶŸոȻ̸ϴ죬ҲܷӳԶһս
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ܣҲȥᡣ
ȥѩ塢󣡶ҼϺõн
Ҷ֣ʬ봢ڣѪһģܸ֮ǰѸٴʧȥ


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쬣
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ƣ͸͵Ľǡ
飡
ƣ
ԡѪ֮еҶȭߵߴ֮ĺ˲顣ѵĺ߻ûɥɴֵ˦ͼҶס
Ҷ⡣

һ޴Ӱһųʮɵĺӱ֮˳ԶĴ֣ڱ֮л˰ϣӵȥ
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ʲô
ʮɳģǿ׺ڱһɥеʿɲٰ
ǵž޴ɫӰʿڱд˶գ
ͻȻ뵽һǰǽﷻһĴԡ

ʱһһ¹ȥ
ѩ塣

֡
ɫӰɽ֮أûÿһγ֣Ծ԰ԵɨȺ֮ǿ
ܹΪģжǿͱ졣
ҲҶĻɱȡĿꡣ
żǵʿɫӰɽ֣ûʿܹ׷ٶ̫ɫӰʱǶǰһʧӰ١
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼǽһʿҥ˵λʿרɱǿ۷ޡȻܶ˽Žɣȥ׷飬һ
ҶѪȼգٶȱҪʿ׷һ׵顣ǽʿſ׷
Ҷÿ´ɽջ񣬶᷵ɳһΣֵʬκȥʯ
κҶ̬ҲΪݡԴ׷ҶҶɽȡޣ඼ύȥ̶̼κ˲ٵʯڵڶ㣬ܿͻ㡣
ֻκҶŵ֮еԽԽߡҶڰ˲Ϊ͵λѾܹʩ塢ȼʿȼ硣
ҶɽɨȺԼҹһһȥ
ɽŴӣҲԽԽֻʣ²ʱ䡣
ǱС޳ѾƽϢȥ
һȺڶʿѾϾȥ顣
һҪüޣǾȫץʱԱսݾŴ
ʸμʿ࣬ÿһҲֻôǿʿѡǴ¹ϵŵĵλȻǣʿ˼
ͨײʿ޷μܹսⳡŽʮݾŴ۷ʿˮ׼սҲȻ۽磬ࡣ
Ҫ֪ܶʿǿֶζضٻչʾϣŵӶὫԼǿʵóԶڡ
һյٽڵƺؽȡ


293 ʮ㣡
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룬
ÿ³ῪһΡҲʿһˣŴȻڰ֮󣬵ǰȥŵ·̻ҪѲٵʱ䣬ټһЩ׼ʿǰҳⵢг̡
㳡ǧ֮һʵ¥̨ɸڡ
ϣһϮԳۣͦΣվɸ̨˫ü罣Ŀ֮к˵Ĺâվ̨ϣͬһʿܣҲκȱݡ
ǰ˼ַâ¶˼ֳͬһ齣ʡھŲ۷ͣ˳꣬¼ΪӲĻʯڵΪս˴Բ硣
Ȼ⼸ɫԽԽõĳĬһԲھŲʯ
棬ڶѾˣֻʯھŲ㻹ʣһҫâ˸е쳣Ĵۡâʿ̧ͷ漣޷
ϣڳĬ
㳡Χʮ¥󣬺պھŲʿŵĽ裬ħСŮ쵤ŵʩ塢ᡭҲڹãɻ󲻽⡣
ʿ֪ζźܿһʿھŲ㡣֮˵ܿܡΪδۼʿڳ
ʿ棬ûʿ棬Ǹ⣬ֱӹϵ֮Ŵŵ
Ҫ֪ǿھŲʯңȫ׻ޣɽеࡣģѸ͵ģƤģ;޴Сɽģֲһ㡣ÿһֻ޶иԵصƣÿʱһѶԸ
ʿҪЩе׻ǰ࣬ǾʵʿھŲʿЩ׻ǰ֧ʮʱѾǲʵˣֵÿҫһ
ܹʯŲͣϵģֻнŴʦַϣ
ǣڶһ֪˭âͣʱ䳤˸е˼顣ǵâ˸˶¡Ƕôֲʵ
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Ѧʦ֣ȥʦ˵˵ǧͷɹϵŵĴ¡
ʿǰԵš
⼸ѦҲ嵽ھŲ㣬ϣŲ۷廹൱Զľ롣
Ѧֲʿֻվ˳ϼϣ󣬵Ȱʦ֣ܿ⡣ʱʱ飬ǰĲֹ⣬˺ü¡
˵ɽһλھŲʿʵͣרɱɽɱ˲١
ϣڿڣ
һ˵Ĳȴɽһʿ
ţ࣬кü֧ʿСԳɽһʿȥ飬ȴӰѰټҥš
Ѧͷ
лûУ
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Ѧʿĺǣ׷Դŵһͽ׵κӲǣŵӣҲû˺֣޷бʲôôһŲʿҿʿҲǹŪ飬ǲʵδôߡ򣬺αݣ
ʵϣѦɻҲʿɻĵط
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ȻʿϲޡǶھ󲿷ʿ˵ŵҪ;ĵӣܵŸ߲ӺࡣʿҲͽᡢύ
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ˡ߰ɣͱųϡλʦֵǻϣȻȥţ
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תŽʿ¥¥ȥҲãɽҲãܿ͸޹ءȫ׼ŴҪ顣
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ҶϥڱչѾڶ¡ÿԪ
׻µõİн׷ԲԭѾõģһʮн׷ҳŸַϣЧԸޡ
Ѫ߽׷װͨ޵ɱǿ󣬵ǶԻ޼ûжá
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ҶڳͣĻǷɸڵĻѻȺ
һǰͻھŲ㣬żԪ䡷ɽôԪСɸھŲ㡣
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Ų˶£ѾȫԲ硣Ǹ뿪ǣˣ
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Ҫ뿪ھŲʯңͻȻһ뵽һܾԵ顣
ǵһʮ㣬ǾŲ㡣
ӵһ㵽ھŲ㶼ޣʮȴǽ𵤳߽ޡ
ǵʿھŲûʿȥʮ㡣ǲң岻ʿս𵤼ޣֱӱɱķݡ
ɱ
ȫʢ״̬Ľ𵤼ޣʿɱʿǸ޷ʮͣһ˲䣬
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ҶȻһһƲסǿͷð˳ɽðΣȥּ߷յ顣ڣȫһԡ

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ϣͷһȻͷȥ
ʮ㣿
ʿ䣬¥ȸѵĹλáѦʧͬʱѾʼ


294 ȫ
꣡뿪ź͵ɽɽǱ꣬Ϊ˳ھŲ㣬Ϊ˳ΪǿʿվھŴĿϣ
ҶĿ뵽Ϻ֮ϣλɴŮٻӰһֱֻвżȻƮŮӰӡ촽һĨܰЦ⡣
ܾȥ롣
ΪһֱֻһĬĬŵӣССʿһޱȾ޴ĺ蹵ǰݵһţڽɭϣȽ׸ɭϡ
еλߵǽʿϺż壬ӽײ㣬ٴӽײ㡣
ڣһ˵ʿλߡ
˵׼ȷʮʿλߵֻʮλܹеӼסϡʿƵλĸߣʵЩĬĬţٱе
־ԭʵܼ򵥣ÿʮŻһСʿΪʿֻǿһλʿصĶ༸λʿģǵЭǿһλʿ
ʮλʿÿʮ궼һСµĽʿһСĺֻΨһһλܹõԪӤԵ㲦ȨպšʵȨϡǺĽʿûʸʵȨ涼ټ
һ˵ֻкĽʿӴԴķ֣һĻɳΪԪӤʿͨʿûĻһҲ͵кھΪֹ
Žʿ٣ζÿһλʿǰ;
Ϊ˽ĽʿԪӤʿҪ޴Դ
Ľʿһ˵شʧʮѪ֮һ棬ʵϲ㡣ĽʿʧҪСܶ࣬Ӱ쵽ŵˡ
ŴʮһȵκʿһءǴеڵ֮УѡɫļλȫɽʿͨľŴѡγһʿɫĺĵӡϾڲĿѡοܻ˷ˮףŵǾ顣
ҶͻھŲ㣬ʵھŴһϯ֮ء
ҪĲΪһʿĺġ
Ҫŵĸ߲֤κһŴźӲδҲκһλĽʿ
Ҫȥǵ֮ľ޴蹵
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Ҷɴ͵ͬһʱ䣬Ҳûʮʯھʲôޣ̧ͷųһյеˮϵӰ
ҡһ䣬쬵ķֻΪӰ
Ҷ͵һ㣬ѪģʯҵıԵˡ
ˮϵӰԭأʯҵ룬ȥԽ𵤼ޡ
ͻӰһģһģл𵤻޵ĵһȻκιȴڵʮʯļһ
ҪһǣҶʯЩ귢֣޸ɽȣǲ߲С˭͹˭ɱģŻȥɱԶĵˡ
Ⲣ©ǻ̶ֻȡȫ󷨺ûĻޣģ޵ĹѾָܲǵǿԸȡ
һŲ㣬ʿһЩʱ䣬һֱϵľΪֹʯҵʮ㣬Խ𵤼ޣ©Ҳֻôһɲǣò̫
˻
ʯһضɽҡһͷʮɵĽ𵤻ޣһɫӰ˦
ͣ
ҶˮӰֱӱɫӰɨ
ҶʱѾ˵ʯɵıԵϣžĿʯֵһͷ͵Ľ𵤼ЫӡһҫĿĽǣһƼףһԱɫӷĹâһʮɳĽǯβ𹳸߸
ͷ𵤼Ыӵ̫ǿңһ֣ӴѹǧɴСʯҡڽ𵤻˵ǧʯǼСĿռ䣬Ҳһתľ룬ʯҶĹΧ֮ڡ
𵤻ЫɨˮӰȴֵ˾Ȼδ𣬲ŤͷʯұԵҶȥ
һԱɫӿҶΪмӴöβֱӳϵҶһ˦
ͣ
Ľ𹳼һâ룬ʯұԵҶȥ𵤼ЫӵĶ̹ʿ˵ǼΪġֻҪһâֱУҪ̱ͳȥ
ʯǽˮ
Ҷһ䣬˫Ȼģһһн״ԲÿһǿĹЩԸͬ׵ڰ˾ŲʿǳЧ
һͷʮɸߴʯͷ˳֡
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һɳԽų֡
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ͬʱһ߳Ѫ
Ѫ߽ѪȻûƳһŷĲʱ㼫ΪӲԶһĸ߽׷ҪӲҲȻķ
Ѫֵ𵤻Ы÷

ʱ㳡ϡ
ѾһСѾһʿ½½ڽµĳһڵ뿪ǣǰš
ʱ㳡ͻȻɧ
쿴
Ųǵâƶʮȥˣ
вʮʿʲô׷׳ԾĴ
δǧƵʿǣ׷̧ͷʮ㣬ǵâʮ㣬ɴһ
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𳳣죬ʱ䣡
һ˲Ϣ˲Ϣ˲Ϣ
ԭɧ㳡ϣеʿפԭأ޲Ϣ̧ͷӣٵļǵâʮͣʱ䡣ʿڵʮ㲢棬ǰҲȥֻҪڰ˾ŲʿܹȥĹؼͣʱ䡣
ʮ㣬Ųȫͬʮ㣬˲ϢΪʱġ
еĬǳԾУ¶ԽԽ𺳣ŵ顣
˲Ϣ˲Ϣ
ʮ˲ʮ˲Ϣ
ܣѾʮ˲Ϣˣңͱɱʮˣʿôڵʮʮ˲Ϣѵ߽׽𵤻޵ǿʵҲɱ˴ˣ
һھŲʿʧ
̫˼ˣ϶ǽʿ棡
ܣǵĽʿڱչءҪͱʿ֪ˡ˵𵤳Ҳеģȥ
ĲǷʦ֣Ҳǽʦ֡쵤ʦ㡭ǻ˭ѵ⼸ɽɱΪصʿ


295 
ʮ˲Ϣʮ˲Ϣʮ˲Ϣ
㳡ΧʿǰͷףĿĶŸʵʮ㣬ڼΪĬķɿâͣʱ䡣
ÿһ˲Ϣĵ𺳸һ֡
ͻȻĹ㳡ϣԶһ׵Ĵ
ˣ̹Զ㡣ǼһϾͻˣҪ˭ھŲ϶£ʮϼʮ˲Ϣ

һſ۵ĿʿӰں㳡ͬʱѾ㳡ϡ
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㳡ʿϿҪʿУ޷Ⱥܿ
쬣
쬣
գ֮䣬ŲʿӰ㳡Χ
ʿǳһЩھŲ۷ʿָָ㡣
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ֻǵһַϣδڹ㳡ϣԶһ¥ڣȹۿ
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ǰðնԸѪոնʵԶˮ׼Ҳðա
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ҶǣɽѪͿշš
ڣʩչеķѪȼսľȪ˲䲹Ƿ̫죬ɻָ
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õĻǡѪȼս
ҶԳԼĿǰʵһͷ߽׽𵤼ܹסáʮ˲ϢսޡھŲʿڽ𵤼ǰ̫ˡ
Ǹ÷ţμˣ
Ҷɽ
뵽ţޱȼ


296 
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Ҷͷϸĸʸض˵źͽϣȻǽֵ˽ԽԽá

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303 Żŵľѻ
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ǶԴ˺ܲϤ
˼Ż֮󣬹ŻŵĽ𵤸߲֮УȻΪ˷ܣƾռ˱һ˵ټһΣ֮ȫʧ⣬ҲûڹŻŶӵҰڣδһ
ֱŴǰϦ˲ٶȳ֣ΪŻź󱸵֮һ֧ʮŻʿڡ
ţΪʲôʦӣ
ŻʿĿУżɻͼɵΪʲôŻѡڶսǿƵĽŵʱôϳ
ŻŲûн͡
ĬʿҲû÷ϻŻǿĵӣ뻷ɽȡ

˿ʼ
Ƭ֮˫ӽ
ʮʿɽΧ޴ʧϢս׼ŵɵŻŵӣŵĻԻ͡
ɽڡ
ŵʿɽȵ·ïִܴ壬ֱӿٳŻʿĵ̡
ʮ㡣
ŻŶ򲻹Ҳ͵׵ķݣȻôСĽССĹŻţǺһԻ
߼䣬ϣȻͣ¡
Ƿ
ǣһŻʿǰ֣ΪĿĶվšŻʿ˺䣬ĬŷϣˣȻغˡ
ߣ
ϣͫ΢һһ˿ŭ⡣ǳƣ߽ŵʿõȥҡ
ŵ༸Ųʿ죬ٴΧĴֻ֡һŻŵӣӲӰǰŻʿ֮ǰսУδ
Ǵ˺üսŶǾɽζʱ䣬ǵһο־Ȼô̴̵վɽ·ǰ
ɵɻ
Żʿʲôأ
ʦ֣ȥԸ
һʿһЦϣ
վס
ϣһüͷʿס
ʰǶȥѰǶ˴ҲѰȥҵŻŵʿעԶˣֲԵѸٳһϡ
ϣ˵
Ҳãʦʰߣ
ŶʿһۣͷԷɱǰɽطѰŻŵӡÿɱһˣսӰ쵽ǵȻһ㽫սõ֡
ܿ졣
ԭֻʣ·ϣŻʿ
ɽ棬ʿĿ⣬ڿŷϣŻʿ⼸ʿûȥ⡣
Ƿϣ
ϣּһ߽׽𽣷ȻĿ⣬俴ǰŻʿ
һǿĺѹƣϱŴǿ۷ʿŴŸеһʿ㹻Ļκζ֡˷ħزɲʿ
һֱܽţǵʿ
ǣֵǣĿǰΪֹʿδӰҲûκθԣֻҪʤһؽ
Żţֻ̤ʯ֮һ
Ϻ
ĬĹŻʿжһɫ޽ͬһδı۽κв
䣡
ϣ˷ʱ䣬һ棬˲нȻʮŵɳâ⣬Ȼ󼱣籩ٲ㣬ʿ


304 Ϻĺճ
Ļ꣡
ŷϣһХ
𽣴̳⣬۳һɵĽٲâ財һɫâɫǣһ׷ǰһƻʵƳգѤޱȣĿ˼¡
Խ˼£Խ̺Σա
罣սһͨʽĻꡱں˷ϵĳٶȺͽϵǿ֮Լǧ֮¾׼ޱȵĽпơ
ͨĳ֣ȴʩչĳ̶ȡ
ĳ־͸һﵽһֽ
ɽʿܹʩչ߽սָŴ֮УܹɽסƵھŲʿ֮ͬ١
ϣʵȾ󲿷ŲʿԶһء
ɡһɡ
ɫٲڶ˲ϢƽϺһɿ籩꼴ǰࡣһĽɫâ̻һ˲Ϣ֮佫Ϻû
ɽΧʿĿĹۿⳡʵսŽŴʦַϣһ˵ıݡϣϵĹâھŲʿȥ
Ȼ󲿷ʿ֪ǽŶԹŻһ浹Űɱսǹۿϣĳ֣ޱȵˡÿһγ֣һ̾ľС
ȻмʿΪⳡս򵥵Ľ
˵Żš
Ҷ
Ҷ΢üͷսλ´ԺͬʦֵıԼΪ˽⣬ĬһĿޣһСͼ򵥵ߵϺҲԶ˵
ɽڡ
ĬϺڶˣڽʮԶʱȻ俪ʼˡ
ϣ
ͬʱϺо޽𽣻ӳɫٲǰһâնԭƵͻȻ֮â¶ųĿĹâ
ƣ
Ϻȡ
ת֮䣬նʮɵĽɫ⻡ǰâٲ

һ峺ܼĽ
ɫٲĽɫ⻡ʧ
ʮŵĽɫâȫڽɫ⻡ϡ
ھŲʿӰһԾһˣһ˲䣬·ڴֵ档˳˹һ֣ƶ˶֮⣬ûκα仯
һйƣһзء
ɽΧڹսʿһȻû뵽ĳ档ŷϣʦֵ֣ȻŻǸʿɻˡ
Ƶˣ
ϣ¶Եľ֮ɫȻⲢɱУҲû˭Ƶĳ֡
ŻŵӲעսսˮ׼һǵ͵Ŀԡ
ǰŻʿôģ
۲öˡֻʵ𣿣
Ϻս𽣣
˵ʲôҾʵ
ϣ㵣ǽţһƵŭӿ
ôҲû뵽ᵽǰŻʿĻ
ǴǵǸʿĻҲˡʿͣʮ˲Ϣʵϲ磬ȥȡ
Ҳֻʿʸ˵Ļ
һŻŵʲô
Ȼ䲻мĿǣ

ϣһǶŭ
쬣

ϣ˲ٶȱһɳƱȫע֮£𽣱һâɵĽâһǰľȻһֱϺ
ϺٶȶˣһûˣȻǰͬһâ
˫ĲɱԹҲת˲֮䡣
ϣȻ֮䷢ֲԾһϺȻأҪ˶ˣһһղϺڹ⼤ŭɱȫ
ҪѾϺս֮ȫ֮¡Ҫǿк󳷣Ҫ̱׷ɱֻȫȥ
飡
飡
һգۼ䣬ϣ̳һâϺϺ̳Ľâͬʱзϣؿڡ
ϣ⵽ɣؿڸ߽׷ºڼױѣɳȥԶײɴƬľˤڴֵϡ
ĽâϺʱϺ϶Ȼһ⡣
ϺһȻ˿վԭأûܵκˡһ㱡Ľɫףɫףϣһȫ
͡
ϣһѪɫ԰ף߹ǶѣͬһʹѵĴӵ̧ͷϺ
ôܣȻκˡ
ϣ𶯣ޱȺȻսֲܸ֮
н׽ķĳ̶ȣԲ磬ҲһᱻһƣˣǡǴ˵ϵﵽ̶߳ȣ˼ı죬Էף
ϣΪϵʿһ˲뵽һΪĿܣɫҡ
Է˼壬޷ķ
ȻԷҲһǰᣬǾǽͬΪ
ͬΪ𲻴ôҲ޷ƾԷǽڶĳսԷҲãһᱻʿɴ򴩡
ҪǣľԷͲǿȫ츳Ч
ĽϵʿֻԲľ硣ֻн˺ļ̶߳ȣڴԲ֮󣬱ΪԷġס
ϣҲû뵽ԼȻϣһ㹻ߵԷĹŻʿ

ʦ֣
ɱȥΪʦֱ𣡡
ո߳ԶĽŲʿϣϺļսͷϣѾ˵أɴʧɫ
ϣǽǿϣҲΨһܴųݵһŵʿôҲţϣʦֻڹŻʿСϣʦֿ϶ǱŻʿˡ
ϣˣ֮ƹҲӰ쵽ӣ֮·Ϊֹ
ʿﻹ˵ȥŻʿʱΪĵӰϺȫɱȥĶһʿҲɱ
Ϻۿʿһۣתߣ󷽲ǧԶһɽڡ
ʿŭ֮£ų˹ȥ
쬣
쬣
ͻȻŻŲʿӰȻɽ֣֮䣬Զ˰˾ֳ־޹׿ܡЩ׿ͨڣðɱĺ˲ſ׼ʿ
ɱ
˵ɫâʿȥ
ϺʱȻתŻʿŵӷɱȥû˷ϣģŵҲʿǿ١

ϣܣ
ʿܣ
ɽ⣬ʮսʿʿĿ࣬һƬһȫֵܳսƫƫǵǰ
ۺʵӾŴŵĽŴʦַϣȻܵ˸ɴ࣡
ڹŻһϺĬĬŵʿУ˽ŴʦַϣֻһС
һɾķɱʣӳ͡
Ϻһ֮նɱŵӡ
ŴŵӶеһ󳹹ǵĺ⡣
ŻǱõʿճյ֮£һپɱаŵķϣ
ҪǣϺӵ˿ڷϣʵ
˭赲Ϻһ֮λ
ŻžȻҪˣ
֮𾪵˵Ĺսʿű޴Ȼ


305 ŵϳ
ⳡź͹Ż֮ľתסľֹɽΧײʿոߴ鵺ϳ˹ߴ֮İλԪӤҲ⡣
λ涼㵣ֲ֧Ĺߴ档
ŵܴˡԭűŵ˳ʰŻŵӣת֮ƴ䣬ֻĿɿڴķݡ
治˼ָſԲ۾Աͷߴ϶׼Сӣ츳ףĽоʮϰɣʮһļƷʿŻʲôˣȻҵ츳ĵӡ
ǰԵײϵģŻżûһɫĵӣҲֵҹŻҲһˣҹŻдˣ԰ɣʸ֣ԪϵܣҪûôܸǶԶģĸ˵һǴĪ
ߴ϶еʹޱȣƵϴЦ
Żλ񵽱ˡʮϣҲܵԪӤڣ񣬽ƿԪӤƿûáܹ֮ͻԪӤǧ֮ڻҲδؾûϣǰ;
ԪЩĽʡ
׷ͬ
츳ʮϣֻҪи;䣬ͻԪӤʮþȵ顣ЩԪӤ棬Ҳû˭츳ܸߵĳ̶ȡ
ʵϣвٽʿԪӤʿȽƽӹ츳ɫ
ʸƺҲⳡԶЩĶҡ񲻶
϶ҴδɹܳΪԪӤʿҵĸоΪ֣ƺʺɵʿŻҲδָֻǷԸŸʣи
ߴ϶̸Ũ޵ĹҹŻŵĹϸʹͻһ׽ϵɹϧ˷ҪߵĽ츳ֻԼãʿû̫塣
£
ޣ
ôܣ
ûͶ֮
ԪӤ涼¶֮ɫ
Īǡתֻأ
ʸü
תֻأ
һǶʱ𾪡
ɽ磬תֻ֮˵ܡ
ܶԶŵĴ˵عϹʿΪԪΪ޷ͻƣòתֻء˵Ĵ½һֻɳأԪУתֻء
ͨתֻأϴеļ䣬Яκμת
ЯǰĹؼһתֻصĹؼ򵥴תֻأʿ岻
ŵĹż֮йأھɽмΪصĴ˵˵һЩʿҵֻ֮Яļֻתֻٴʿա
ҲҪھ磬Ӵصֻ֮
ҪôǴ˹ҪôǴȷʵЯؼֻתˣǰɽ˲
ԪصĻ˵
ϧӳ֮⣬û䡣תֻصĴʿҲֻԼкôûá
ߴ϶Щź
ԪӤʿ˵תֻҲһηļ;ģ֪ЯǰֻصطҲûȥ
̫ңԶûߵ顣һ뻹ԣҪȥºķǧҲǰ׷Ѿ
ʸ˼ȴ
Щǣ֪ضܴܲݶԸôŻŵӵĽס

ڼ
ڻɽȹսʿͻȻ֣ŷϣһβҰ֮ȵĲǹŻŵϺǸڶλķħСŮ쵤
ڽļ֮ڣѸȡϣϸİסŻźճʿϺҪ׷ٻдüӲսÿһȡòսС
а׵ܻܿ쵤Ϻ֮չ
һյ磬Ŷսš
ŵӳս֮ǰٶټŵʮλμʿ
һθǰսβͬǰ漸ֻоӵ
ڶмһλصɴŮӡ
ʿ֪Ů˭֮ŮΨоηҲҺվһλ
ŵʿ֮ŮȻˣ϶׼ǳսҲ֪˭ùᱻ֮Ůȥ
γѡҪһ£
Ȼǵϣſʼսѡ
ŵЦųɴŮѯʵʸʦãζӳΣȻǽ𵤺ʿɴŮʿʦƣʦԾӡ
ʿԣɰͬĳȥ
֮Ů֮ǰһֱŵĴΪӳĶӳ֮λֱûˡҲ֪Ǵֱ滻ΪͨԱ
ã
Ȼ飬ʸض˵ͷ˵ʦ֣ԱҲѡɡ
΢΢һ㵣ǺܿЦУʦѡԱҲϡ֪ǻʸضԼ˼˼ʸضȻ˵ˣҲͬ⡣Ǿᳪġ
ʸضͷֱӳʣľŶʿȥָˡ
Ҷ֮һ
ʣµˣֵġܲɵǣ˶ǺʿΪվһģҶλ󱸵վһ
ʸضҪѡҶ˳ֱ󱸶ѡˣֻѡҶϳӡ
ʸضŵĵλ̫ߣڼλԪӤ֮£šʩϵһȺ𵤸߲㶼лͻʸضˡŶʿȻ˵ˡ϶ʶҲλսʿ˭
Ҷ鵭Ȼ֪Ҫϳ
λ󱸵Ӳɴϲû뵽Ȼлôϳ
ΪʲôǺʿʵǿǼȥʲôãһˣŵλˡ
ʩЩɵۡȻûбѡϡòײų֮һ֮ǰսһɱ֣ôͻȻͲˡ
治ϳĻԿˡսѫɱֵĽƷͳͳûݡ
ֻҪɱһŶ֣ű㽱ʮʯǶĽȸʲôҲÿ졣
ɱ־ͽһ𵤣Ѿɱĸͻһˡ
ʩȻΪ
ǰʩʦ˵ĲǼûˣƾʲô⼸󱸵ϳ
ʸʦϳûΪʲôҪȫüϳ
ʿϺû֮⣬ҲΪԼʿ䳰ȷǵĺ̨ӲҲµǼʿ
˵ġҶʦʮ֮׵ģʵϣƾʲôҲϣ
ʩĿɨʿŭָҶҶЩԹȻŭҶϡ

ҶĿʩһۣĬڸʩִЩ壬ˡ
ѡ˭˭
ʸض۶ûʩһ¡ŵӶÿбҪںһô
ʩʦֶʸʦ壿
ŴʱҲΪ죬ʩȵ
Ӳɻʸʦ壬ֻǲһɱٴһ
ʩæ
ˣض˵ɡϾͿʼ׼볡
һ֣ûȥʩ˵ʲôתս̨Ĵϲ˳ȥʩϵʩ冪Щʲô
ţ
ʩſڣָûıߡֻһ


306 
ߣ
ʸضӣҶԼŵĺŲʿһԦ뷽ԲʮĻɽȣһϣɽȵϽǷ¡
žȻ˳ˣ
źʿһȫҲ̫˰ɣҲ⵽ʧܡ翴ŲҰܣҲ°ɡ
ɽΧսʿۡ
ͬʱɽʿҲɽһ뿼λڶǡ
սʿǴڿ温ɽȣԶɽʿжһš
ɽȿڵĻʵҰΧǼСġɽиСͱѩɽٲյĹľ̶֣󣬵ػʯѨɽȸǱһЩδ֪ޣ洦ɼĴҰΧɡ
ɽʶҲѹƣʶѰΧ޷ʶѰδҳ䷨ʿʮСɽȣһģս
Ҳͬĵλɽػľ֡ʯȵȣɽڸŨȲͬԸϵʿսСӰ졣ɽԱϵʿΪһˮϵʿõս
ɽսڣ֡յСҡս֮սţӳսָ
ʿƵһͨѡԼΪĵطսǿƵһɱȥ
ʦ壬ɽս·ϡС£ֱͨ涫ǡһɱȥ
һŵɻĳʸضʵ
Ϊʸض֮ǰδЩʿһҲδκζԵսǲʸضսš
˴·ߣҺҶ·ȥսսսͳ·
ʸضδ룬ֱ˵
ŵЩɻ󣬵ǲδʡʸضʦ壬ҲǶӳڿڶָӡǺܿ㳯·ȥ
뿪֮
Ҷͻʸضǰ·
Ҷͻʸض⼸۲ʵͬʱһֱսǰյĹսѾĸʿʵ
ԸͬţȻҪõͬս
ԸħžսΪħŵӵġѪȼΪԵ롣ԸŻš֮ҪսǵĽս⣬Ѹȡս࣬Ҫá
ҶԼʮŰϵн׷Բ˵˳ʸضΪȺϲ
ҶķǴΧĹͬʱǺܴսʺȺսǾÿһϣΧȽһзΧɷԲ϶սֻһǿ
޷ʿٵսϣ׳Կ
Ҷյķȫ棬ʮн׷ȫԲ磬ҽ෨٣սϵĿǿ㵥ҶҲ˿κڶʿ
ʸضóǿĽϵս齣⡷Ĺǿ
һ֮Ƕһ໥ϵսʸضԽǿϮҶԷٿս
ֻҪĬǽŲʿҲܷӳֲܿʵ
սõʣ峡սСɱһжʮɱʿһж׷ɢս
ɱɶ˸һң㹻һͬŸа񼫸ߵλ
Ҫ֪ǷϣʿҲ⵽ˣ;滻볡޷ÿõüɱõʮϡɱʿࡣ
ʸضȻҶȫġɱҶϰףҶǾܾˡҪ֤ԼʵһҪȫĻɱ
쬣
쬣
ʿӰڴмٷɽִܿﻷɽȵиһƬش
ʿ
죬һϣˣ
᲻յе壿ǰʿ滹ʿ
壬һҲ£˸ŵʿӲƴ
ɽʿ·С̽顢ǰУͻȻǰһǧԶֶŵӵӰһۣ¶ϲ֮ɫ̼ɽɵİԲΧȥ
ˣ
Ҷ¶Ц漴Իʸضһۡ
ʸض΢΢ͷɽһԶ
ŶӣɽıǵʿԼٶѸٽӽ

ڻɽΧʮսʿŵĶս
ڵʿ޷սսڵĶ޷ȫաЩսʿȴɽڵζһ
Ѿֱˣʱ޷ۼһ
ɽʿȴδֿѡһж
ɽȿϷֱࡣһֻʵǳǿʿŻѡֿжֱֻյУʹԷǱʿ֣зɱ
ʿսɽʿôҲʤ㲻󡣡
¶ӳľ̫ˣô׷ֱأҪ֧ԮҲ
սʿЩ
ڶŵӶʼ˵Ҫһˡ
ɽȸ߷Ĺ̨ϣҲŷǳս
ŰɣҪùˣֱǴɣֱҲҪ໥ϲУǶ˻ɽŵʿսʸʦȻǿҶϺȵģܴӮŹ֣
ʩ屧˫֣Ŀдŷߺ޲䳰ȷ
ǣ
ǰһ֪ô״򣡡װ׶һʤʱ򣬻ȥʰо֣
⼸ʿҲܲ˵š
λʦܣúۣ
ȵ
ǲǷս
ʩΪ󲻿죬Ҳδټ˵ȥҲЩ洫ĶУԲ˶ߡ
෴ڶսɽʿϲҪܸɵţǿǴ顣
ɽʮʿ۷׷֮ʡ

ɱ
ŶʿɽѾ಻ɣӴս
󣡡
н󣡽ľˮ彣һɱ
ɽŵХһһ߽׷ɽڵͿһ߽׷ɽɵСͷɽɱ󣬳ҶͻʸضΧɱȥн޴һ뽣֮ڣǿʵҲܽɱ
ҶͻȻȻǰ壬ɽŵмȥ
ױ
Ҷֳ̧մһн׷
ɽʿĿؽٶȣҶױϮ졣
䣬꣡
һƬҫ˲串ǰɷԲǰɽʿ˽ȥ񱩵׻˲佫ѹԭأɽҲδȥ
սɽӶ˸߽׷£Чнױѹ̫áһ˲ϢǱױǿл˹
֮ŭ
ǾױͷŵͬʱҶΪĵɿռһεĲ˳Χ˳ȥ
ʱضɽҡ
ãˣ
ɽʿʱʧɫ֮ŭĵϵн׷ȫ޷ֵڷ˵ͬʱβ˵ǿ𺳣ûѣȥ
ѣҲζзɽҲȫʧȥʶĿƣûκε֮
ûҶ֮ǰͷŵױǻлӳ֮ŭ𶯷Χױһ˲Ϣȫ޷֮ŭķΧ
֮ŭĻѣЧױΪ־ǿҡ
֮ŭģҶһɷΧҲΨһܵѣĿռ䡣
齣ΨΨ
ʸضѾҶһɴԦ˳ȥ
齣⡷һʽΨΨ
һ֡
ΧأɲǼž
ֻֻ֮б˫
۷壬覣иɻΨΨ
߽׷ɽɼΪĿѤõıɲǼ֮Զֱȡжѣɽʿ
䣡
ùɽŵӣ˳ȥǵӰ漴ɢȥѾɱɽսһս޷һ㣬ˡǻʸضսֱӽǺɱ˳ȥʵĶսҲζѾ˲
ڽսһ˲䣬ɽɵнδѾƵ
ʣµɽʿﻹеֿ֮
Ҷķ֮£ҲӲߡ
˲ϢĹͼߵɽŵӽҶͻʸضɱ
ʸضɱ
Ҷöɱ
ʤ
ôģ̫ˣ
տޱȵķٿ֮ǶǿɱǶʿ̫ˣ
ױ֮ŭ齣һ覵Ϲƣ޽Ⱑڽսһ˲佫ɽŲʿн
壡ǶˣܴɽţټˣǿԺɨţ
ɽΧʮսĸʿΪ𶯡̾ıһǿҵ
ɽʿսɲھŴ֮Ҳеƫˡ
ϣܹһжԶ塣ΪⲻҪԼսǿҪѵʵ˿СҲǰ״ֻаܱķݡ
ǹŻϺսŷϣճҲһһս
ⳡսԶ壬ʿʵǿһ˶С
ʮʿĿ֮£ȫλǣ֣һСڲزˡ


307 ޺ͼ
ҶͻʸضϣŵʮʿϲڳˡŷϣŻϺһĳǿھŲʿһǶ
ǿʿֵʵȫѹճϺ͸߾Ӱ׵ķħ쵤һŸ߾ӰסаҲпܱŵĵռݰס
ŵޱȹʵ飬԰˭˵Ųݵһţǵ֮ĵһ
ȻҲмʿп಻ԡ
ս̨ϣű滻ļʿԣ˵Ŀơζ
ԭһ˿ϣʸضҶʿս֮гˡսܵ״ǻл油ϳս
οǻʸضҶ˵Ͼܴɽʿټ󱸵ӣԺɨеİ˴š
ʸضҶսԽɫζԽϳõѫ
ɶҶͽʸʦ壬ֵɱʲô£ϳҲһõɱƾʲôôˡ
ʩͷޣҧгݣĿĶɽڵҶ
ղɽȿڣʸضɽŵӻ֮ҶֽǡɱɱҶͷϣǻʸض
ϳɱ䵽ͷϣ㹻һˡ
ʿһβδʩ壬ͷȻ
ǺͨʿҲܹóⳡսƿսҶ߶ɱǺ顣⿿ʸʦһˣɸɵɽŵӵ֡ɽŵнһǷϣϺҲһмܲסôױ
ȰнƵܻɽʿҶһǿн׽Ƶɽŵӵн󣬾ӹΰ
ʩǼ޹ͷżҶսϵá
ʩʦܣ֪ʸʦҶʦܵĶϣѶԸĵط
Ľϵ˵

ʩ
ܶ˶٣Ҷʦܺͻʸʦ˵һɽŵǷһϲû
ҶʦǴΧĽһӵУн׷ȷȳֵʿһ˲佫ֵĹƻ
ûб׷Ĺֶˡͬ׷ұҶʦܸΪտʿſܱ졣
Ҷʦܵн׷Ѿ˴Բ磬ϵʿҲƽ츳ߵʿϲøá
׷ҶʦܺĽϵս̶ȫٿСΨһǷĹ޷ڶʱڳ׻ɱԷһְѽߣͺٶγЧ׷ɱƾͱøˣױַɱ
ǻʸʦսǿֲȱݡ̵ʱڣֵոԱֻ֤ûдҶʦܵĽѣͱɱǶ˵ϣ޽ϣиɻ
΢̾˵Ҳ֪Ǹ̫̾ǿǸ̾Լ޷
ʿĬ
ʩɫࡣȻﲻԸϣҲ޷ʸʦҶϣ˵սǿ
ҲζţŽļս޹ˡ

ôӺŵֶԸɽŰ
ŵĵӣʲôʱʼרŵıˣ
Ǻǣȥպ˵Ըĳˡ
ڹս̨ŵľŴŵļλţڽ𵤳ǣĹŹζ
ǵĿššɽ֮ؿɨӡ
ɽɫȻܲÿųһרࡰɽŵ̤ʯݺʰˡ
ţ˭Ϊʲôר޷ѧս֪ͶŸˣרڶķڿ϶ĸã
żĵ٩
ܶʿͬʱѧսͷֻŲֻҶѺüн׷˾տҲ̫ΪʿʱޣսͷѼˣձһޡ
ҶΪٵн׷Բ磬Ҳζܻʱȥս
ŵĶʿ֮лû˭н׷ŵӷΪտԿ
⡫ΪҶҵ״֮һƫ÷ʦҲò
ΣŹЦҲõ˵ʵʲôụ̂͸Ҷʮʯ֮⣬ҶԼƴġҪ˵ҲҲס
ŵ״ӣ
ѹŵĸͽȻ޷Ҳ͵ĳ̶ȣ
Žͽз
ڽʿһΪ̾

ȴЩĲɡ
Ҷĳɫ֣ʦҲе𾪡ǵǣʸضҶ֮ϣ֮ǰȻû͸¶սϲͻȻ֡
֪ʸضʲôʱҶĬϵġ
Ȼˣ֪ʸضҶŵϺʶ˶꣬ʵͺϤǶȻƽ㹻һĬ֮ķֱ𣬲δö˵ĸоİ
ǰҶΪŴʿһ֮ͻȻҶȥ鵺ҶרзͻʸʦõϣòŰɣ
ЩģΨһ֪ҶӴ顣Ҫĳְţ֪ǿɲá

ա
Ŷսš
ŵս֣ԽԽޣ
Ǿޣ
޵ʿ񫣬񻶺ĳ̶ȡŵӣҲĿֻ࣬̾ķݡ
Ҷн׷֮࣬Ȼÿһսÿһսϸڹ̣ȫûκظļ
пյķϡ
𺳣ܵ˼ķٿ֮ڷֵͬʱԤгڹ֮µÿһӦϸ־׼ԥÿС
û֪Ҷôġ
ֻҶԼ˶ѪͿޡ
˲Ųʯڿ꣬ҹԸ׻ޣķһһ£ʯûεķ飬ȷÿһʩչЧԻܹȡöɱ
ɽͬ޾εѪսڲ֮ͬµϸ΢ӦһзȥڶзѾϵ޵·಻ٰ޻ɱһ㷨˷ѡ
ս֮Զκһʿ
˵һ˵ķս飬ʮŵӵܺ͡ʿֻʺһ´һңȴʮ첻ϡʱͱʿʮ֮ࡣ
ʿҶԽɽǾȺлɱ֮
ԭսʿΪҶ῿šױ֮ŭŰɱɽӵĽ޽ĽƷʸضȥ
Ϊн׷Ѿսʿеͷˡ
ǣսʿǺܿ췢֣Ҷн׷лࡣҷĿԶǵ
Ŷսš
ȡɽŲҰܵĽѵʿ߶Ⱦ£һ𣬶Ƿɢǧɣ˴˴ŸԵޣԶϣⱻҶһȫֽȥ
ûϵҶһʩչǺˮһҶˮӰڴڷɱŵӴΪϲĻӰչ׷ɱΧֻҪɱҶƵҶͻʸضϣŻлʤϣ
ҶˮӰ޷ֱģһѾ׼õڵŵӡ
ǷֲԾʱ򣬽ŵȦʱѾˡ
ҶͻʸضȫɱɱȦʿ
Ҷڴ֮ûʣµʿֻкȻƴӵķݡ
׷ɱսһʱѲ˰Ľ֡
ʤ

ħСŮ쵤ɽڿϺɨսĶϼΪĬʿӰ촽ҧĵЩѿ


308 
ŶսŵĵڶգǷħŶսš
ɽڶǵһƬ֮Уħ۷ʿһǱУһԲߡ
ʦ㣬һʲôսԸţ
ħʿѯӵ쵤
쵤ǶӳսϵָӡʵȾ󲿷ַħʿһЩҲħŶӣĽ׷ʿ
ȻϣʵǿᱻΪϵĴʦ֣ӳҲ֮١
ʿӳڷħʿֻҲ˵һλǿޱȵʿƺǷħŶӣǺû˭˵ӰȻ
ԸҲҪս
쵤䣬˼δϡ
ħʿȻ֪쵤յΪʲôɱڡ
ԸоԴ⼸տźŵĴս֮쵤һɱɱ֮ŨңһĻɽһЩľͲ
Ҵͷһǧ֮β棬Уٳ֣
쵤źĿǰɽȵش
ã
λħʿͷδΪ˾ٲףҲûȥ쵤ùͷħʿó䡢׷ɱݡĲá
쵤һˣٶȣҲΣա
쵤жһѩɫ׷ӰһΪһĺɫӰ·ɽȶȥ
༸ħʿ漴ΣЩǵβ쵤档
ŵĶǰҲߵɽ·ȻΪСĺͽŵʵħţҪȡʤһСġ
쵤
ֻһˣ
ǰŮʿ쵤һ˳ǰ֣ɳһǴϲ쵤󷽶ǧԶǱеħʿǲδ֡
ħСŮ쵤ѾǸаİףȻǼߣ󲿷ʿʶһ۾ϳˡ쵤óˮӰ֮Ļ÷쵤ȻǼٵġ
һôҲռˡ
ֻҪɱ쵤ӳħűָϵĻңŻõϣ
ɱ
Ůʿһۣ˶Էеϲ֮ɫͬʱֿظԷɽԶ쵤ɱ˹ȥ

쵤״ȴһ
һ˷ʼټٳ˳ȥ
ɡɡ
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ɽźâ쵤ɱȥ
Ѫȼһ
䣡
һȣһ˲䣬쵤ϱһȼյѪɫȫǡ
˳һѪӰ
쵤׷һ˫ƣ֣ûӰֱ˳Ϯɽϡ
飡
ɽֱӱֲĶʮķɣǿܵľСһȫһ𡣾УɽϱѳһѺۣˤԶʯ
쵤ӰȻһΣŮʿȥ
Ѫȼ
ãɢ
ŮʿȻʧɫǶȻ˷ħԵһɹҲǽս֮бΪֲһֹ
ħʿԲμһֱûκһʩչŹΪءû뵽쵤Ὣ˹ϡ
ʿҲԷħŵġѪȼսо
ѪȼսΨһǳ־Բ㣬ֻ̫̫̣ܳŸ˲ϢֻҪϹ⼫Ϊݵ˲ϢǾܷΪʤ
Ǽæȫͬ䡣
ǣڽһɵľϣôѣ
쵤ıٶȳһ࣬һα׷ϣһ˲ӰΣڶ̶˲Ϣ֮䣬ȭѾֱʿϣ֮ԵֱЯĻѣͳɽȿ
˲ɱˣ
죬ʲôս
ѪϵսħŵġѪȼ
쵤ڿʼáѪȼˣ
ɽΧսʿһ𺧡
ֻǴʿѪȼ󲿷ʿδħŵġѪȼʿδѪȼս
ԭʿΪⳡ϶ǹŻϺŻʸضҶǿʿս֮һá
Ϻн׵ľԷ
Ҷн׷ٿس뻯ʸضġ齣⡷ɱߡ
̫ҫˡ
ʿĿ⣬ۼڹŻźϡ
쵤˿ͻȻ񱩳֣ڶײʿž㤵ķ֣ħʿĸʵͬǰԵޱȣ˿ȹŻϺŶ
⻹ֻ쵤һʩչѪȼսħʿδʹս
ħʿͬʱʩչѪȼĻ˲Ϣ֮ǿʿһѪȼķħŵӣʹô˹ʱԱȵϷϣĲʿħʿͻȻĻʲôȻܹάֵʱܶݣҲֲ˾
ŻŵϺŵĻʸضҶϣֵܵסħŵķ񱬷
δصס
ħŶʿıκһʿ
ں󷽵ĶŮʿȫ쵤ס
֧ԮͬţʿѾɱ
ħʿʱѾʣĶŵɱȥԷǼΧ쵤
ħŴʱѾȲʤȯ
սڼʱڽ
쵤ɫ԰ףڼħʿĻ£뿪ɽȿ
ʦ㣬ˣôʩչѪȼ㲻ŶԸŻŵϺŵĶ飿
ļս㻹ϳ
쵤һķħʿΪʹϧ
޷Ϣһ죬һͷޣָܻܿѪҷħŵƣܱź͹Żѹס
쵤
ھŲ۷ΪҪڼڻָѪ޲С۲СһͷҪü꣬ѲʮʯҰޱ֮󣬼Ϊң޷ģò˶þͻֻдС޲ܻ
ڻɽȳһt㡣
ǷħŵġѪȼٶֱӱһսҲ̫Ե˰ɡ
ʸض˫ĹâΪԾԵսڡ齣⡷Ҳס
⻹ֻѪȼһķһѪȼھŲķűΪֲѪϵսȱ࣬ʱ̫ˣ֢ҲࡣҪȻţ⣡
ҶɽսЩء
Ҳܵǡ
쵤õǡѪȼǰ㣬Ҫ쵤Ĳܶ࣬ܲܶԸħʿǸܴ⡣

ŴеİףŵĽŷϣ⵽ŻϺİѻҰһ֮ŰѾ䵽ŵУŻȫʤ¼
ȴ˾޴ҲΪҡ
ħ쵤һ¡ɱˣҲսµ߻ɱŴа񵥣쵤ȣһ֮ǰսܳȽ϶࣬Ʋı䣬ᱣס׵ĵλ
ⳡҵѾһ룬ǿƵİʿѡֱǷħСŮŻϺŶϡ
Ϻÿ¶ҵĻɱ
ٴǻʸضҶ˿ȫɱ
ŵܶᵽףǸ⡣


309 ܺ
ħʿʿ֮֮սսĸʿǼһռƣʿ֮˭ϣø˰ס
ţǹŻŵϺħŵСŮ쵤ŵĶϣдʿӵͳݾߡ
ȻˣţϵĴӵȻࡣ
ʿ֮УɢȥڴŽļս
Ҷͻʸضǰȥݼţֱ֮ӷɻԼ塣
Ժסصµһչڡ
һϣչڵϢȫΡ
ҶɸٻԼڵһʯתƵɸڣԸСֲ鵾ιɸڵĻѻ׼Ԫ䡷
ˣ㲻ǻصŲμôͻȻôʯ
СЩȡ
ҶʯһᴢɸڣҶжʯҲûõôʯ
ȥʦ𣬴ڿҪһʯ
ҶЦ
һ¡
ŶԲμʮʿĽÿɱһֱֶӽʮʯڴ˶Ѿۻɱ֣ܹõһʯͽ
ҵţϣſ֧ⷿȡһʰʯǵȵŸ
жҶһֱЩΣҲʦͽ˹ϵŪ̫ټҶϱּΪɫʯҲҪҶҲûѯԭ򣬱ŵݴ󷽵ĴӦҶǰȥſ֧ⷿȡʾ޶ʯ
Ҷŵſⷿȡһʯ
ʯҶĿǰ˵൱Ҫ
СŪ֮󣬿ʼɸôѵʯֲȡ鶹ιɸڵʮͷѻιľѪ㡣
ৣ
ҶԼѪչһɫâȥѻȺ֮С
ǷʱѾȡѪ
ҶȡѪɫУתԪ䡷ȡеĻѻѪǻΪһ˿˿ԪǿԼԪȫڵھŲ۷塣
ŵʱ򣬸ոմﵽھŲڣҪʱڽΪʵߵھŲ۷塣
ѪȼıʿΪײֱӵء
ڵھŲǾڵھŲ۷Ǿǧ޽ӽʮ˽һ
һ˵ʮ֮һСŲںŲ۷ʿ֮䶷ô
ǡѪȼһ֮󣬾ͱʮͶʮĲ࣬ѪȼԽԽ
쵤ӦġѪȼսԵİԵ
Ҷӡ
Ҫץʱ䣬ûа취õҰޣֻáԪ䡷ɸѻȺϼȡѪԼԪΪȥ
ĵѵʯȻǱġòȥţⷿǰ֧ȡһʯ
ɸȳĿ죬ѻȺֻҪ㹻ΪʳѪָҲܿ졣
ԼڶʱڴŲڱǵŲ۷壬᲻˵ĻɡҶ㵽ģֻҪ֮ͣǰϢѹԼΪˡϢ֮ķɽҲѰķ֡

Ŵڼ
ÿ춼жΪа͸аսʮּҡ
йսʿ֪ؼսź͹Żšħ֮䱬
ⳡʮһݾŴǿʿؽŵĵ֮вʣµʿֻ˰񵥵ĺλ֮λ
ҶԼҪμӵս֮⣬ʱ䲢δȥսԼҹԪ
ʦãʲôأ
ɽȣŵļŮһ𻶿ߴߴս¡ڵӣŵʦһǰģдһЩ񣬲Ҫɻʱս
һһϮɫȹŮӹۿսʱ򣬾ʧЩ㱡
Ů쳣ѯʡ
ûʲô
˼ѹҡͷ
սϣжϤֺİھŲʿȻ˵óʦˡ
̫ϤˣʿԼĻ֮£뿪һԵǣŵĳԮ·϶̶µ빲Ȼ޷
ôİ
ЩһζôҲ벻ϺҶǱ´ԺɫߣΪǿʮʿ֮һ
ŴǿɽӵĿˣۼȫǿľʮλڶʿ
μӴսľʮκһʿݸ׵۹
⻹ֹǶ˾ȻھŴ֮λڶ֮еʿھŴŵĶ֮ӵнϵʵ
һУ˵λһ
Ҫ֪壬ĿɽҲǽŵһʿǲμӾŴľʮʿԶʵ
ϺҶеκһˣѾԶϼ֮ϡ
Щ꣬ΪĽѾڽŵĲпʵ֮бѹ顣֮ɫλߵʿﻹݵһ׹Сİ
ϵĿɽѾҲ֪ԼòȥԮͶ˵ݣһһ£࣬Ҳ֪ǻ᲻Լ

ţŻʿ齵ס
Ϻս֮㷵أ󲿷ʱʯڱ
ʦ֣ħźʿһźָɴʦģƺļйء
һŻŲʿɫҴϺչ⣬
ɣ
һһĬӲʯҡ
Żʿ̹һ򽻸Ϻ
ϺĨȥӡʶɨݣĿâһ
ݺ˼
ⳡаš
һħ쵤һŶһ
ǲܳвϣ֮Уǿ˼ɵŵĶ顣
쵤ǶһˣҪʿ֧Ԯȡʤ
ŵĶԳһ壬ؿʿ֧ԮҲȫӵзŵ˱Ըɵκһš
ϣ汸ٿȫս࣬Ҳ쵤Եı֮Ҳѿս
ƵʸضҶĶϣŻźͷħŶûϣʤ
һսֻһλᡣ
бʿһˣ취ҵ˵Ŷϡ
ҲǹŻźͷħŵΨһᡣ
ܺһ֡
ʿź˭ȻԶ
öħͻȥɣ
ϺĿݣɵĨȥԷдݡһ֡
ǣ
ŻžŲʿҪ뿪мֺʦ֣ǲǴͷħ֣
ʱ֪ˡ
Ϻһۣ


310 սŻ
ݾŴĵĴսһһȥ
˹עʿ֮սŶսŻšħŶսšŻŶսħš
ŵĿⰲ֮£Ҫս档
аϵλҲսϵر任ʿעҲΪҵǸаǰλ
Ŀǰаϣ쵤ʮɱ߾ӰףĿǰսÿһٻһɱϺĿǰսÿõɱ˸ɱ󡣷ϣս˸ɱеʸضս˸ɱеҶ߸ɱλӵ塣
ϣڲϺˡϣ֮ǰںϺսδڿʼлð˸ɱȣûϳ
ʣµ쵤ϺʸضҶλʿڼ֮λ
ÿһսΪؼ

ŶսŻţ
ʿڻɽΧʮﷶΧռõĹλãܵ׼ۿⳡɽǿʿ֮۷ս
ŻʸضҶϣսŻźճϺ
ⳡս϶ŶϻʤôףŻŵϺʦҲǳǿʿδܼλŻʿȫлϡ
ɽΧʮʿ˳ӵʿˡޱȣ˷ܼҵŽսơ
ʿ͹Żʿڽɽս
ɽϣһȺħŶʿм䡣
쵤վڷħʿǰ棬µĿսź͹ŻⳡսʮҪֱӰ쵽֮ĽܾܲȾӰס
ʦ㣬Ϻ᲻ϣ
һħʿʵ
Ψһѡ϶ȥ
쵤
֮ǰѾϺдһܺһ顣
ҪһսͬʱҶͻʸض̫
Ψһİ취ǣϧȫһ˽ǿ
ĽǼһǿʿԻʸضҶһ˽ͻϮֻҪһ볡ϱƵʣµһ˾ͺöԸˡ
и⡣
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ǹŻţǷħţֻһγԵĻᣬֱ֮һ֡ȻսǷֿģҲڶֶԸˡ
ϺĻظܼ̣ظЩģԽΪͬŷֱԶ֡ҲԽΪͬģء
Ҳ֪Ϻ
ΪԼĽ飬ԹŻͷħŶõѡϺӦòܾĽ顣

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İ˾ʮʿʱѾɽΧѵĹսλõⳡսʼ
Ž衢ŻƳ硢Ѧʩ塭Өȵȣһʿڶڸżʿ
ʿţ⽫Ŵˮ׼һս½ֻǹսҲܴеõྭ飬ǳ
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ԹŻŹУŭŲʧСĽһЩҲ˵֮ءϺʵǿʵҲδؾôɻ
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Ϻһη˷ܣЩǡȫ֪ŻŴʦֺҶǰͬʦֵܡ
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һֻľԼﷶΧĶʮֻܰɽȿǵļʿһһжᱻܼء


311 ս
Ϻ͹Żʿųʮֻľɽȸ֮Ǳĵڶǵȴľ񲻶Ӱ񣬴Ӹּ֮ȥʿɽȵж
δսѾռȻԹŻʿ˵
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Դʦֵǿʵټ˵ϣȫһٻɱһˣƣ
ŻһʿһĻΪԾϱʶһõĻᣬɴϲ
ŵĶһһжͻȻֿôԣ϶թҶó෨ҿǸ·ġҶǼٵģˮӰһƭĻӰҶӦúͻʸʦһҪȥɱǶˣǿ϶мƣ¶Լλã
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˳ԭƻɱ·ʿҶҲ·ȫɱٶȽսȻȥԸ·
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ŻʿʿԺŻŵӶ൱ǳһϺ֮ҲûĸŸҶԹŻʿġϺŻʿĺɵҲʮϢ顣
˵ΨһǣһŻʿȫסʸʦҶʱ䡣
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һҰտֻкͺӴɳʯﷶΧκιľڱΡ
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Īȥ··ˣ
ʿиûεĵط̫ʺķͻϮһ㶼Ľ϶ࡣ
Сģ
ͻȻǰʿͷһݣΣգͺһһɽ׳
ںӵĴ֮У߰˵ɳâ쬷˹
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ɱ
Żʿ߰˸޹ܣӴ˳ڳӵղЩɫâȻЩ޼̺Ϊ͡
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źŸʸʦԮ
ˣ
ʿһۣɫһ䣬һ˴ӻгոߴһâ貵ıźţʿҪȥ
ǺϺŻʿ֣ǾǶ֣ȡʱ䣬ûʸʦҶʦϹ
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һαĳĬʿֳһ޽𷨽Ѿ·룬סǺ˵ĵ·
ſϣһھŲʿ֮ȥסŲʿĺ·ҲֻϺ쵤ϣʿǺʵʿ
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ʿͷϺЩҡ
·ʸʦ壬ҲнʮҪϹҪʮ˲Ϣʱ䡣Ҫס⡣
ϺĿ䣬һ㣬͵ķʿȥ


312 ɱ
ֻˣ
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ֻͫӰʿĻӰΧûмκɵʿۼ
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ŻʿӺӵ棬ٳʿΧһɹΧܰȫ
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ӵŻʿ߰˾ܣܣԶ٣ҪȥѡϺһǿŻʿϺǿϾûͷۡ
ѡ˴Ϻ߾ͻΧȥ⵽ŻŵǰлΧߵ³
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ף
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Ϻǲâ貵Ľɫϼ⻤ף·ڳЦһû˿߽ļ
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ȻˣײǲԿơκηҪʿķû˷ȻҲ޷ʩչͬʿԸϺֻҪϺķĹ⣬Ƶס
ǣû֪Ϻķ֧ŽʩչãʮϢҲܸá֮ǰͱɵˡΪֹûʿܹ̽Ϻ׳ʱĵޣֻϺԼ
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ţҪȸɵˡҶҲͬʱѹŻʿҲɱ˰ϡ


313 һϺ޵
ӵŻʿԹŻ˵ܲ㡣
Ϻв
ŵĶϻڣս˿ǹŻȴѾɥʧҪʿӰս
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Ҷһֱ·ǱţͻϮ˹Żʿ·ĻʸʦԼʮϢ֮ڿ϶ܸϹһʸʦҶϣұذܣŻűذܡ
Ҷһɳֱȡףҽɥʧȡ׵ϣսܱߴֻ»ἫΪʧ
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ٳб˵Ķ飬ǹߴ潫һĬĬŵСʿֱӵɹŻŵĶʿʧ
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ȻٶȻɱҶ
ϱơ»ʸʦϵҲܺͻʸʦƴɱܣ
Ψһ̵Ļᣡ
Ϻڵʯ֮䣬ؼҪڶԸϣʱõĸļư㣬ǾȫڣȫԸ
ʿܣԲٿطɽȫϺɱͼϺס

ƣ
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ݶǿŲʿĿ⣬ײһ

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ǰû뵽ϺȻôǿɱһֱûʩչǴŶԸʸʦ塢Ҷʦ֡쵤ʦģֻǾƶ䣬òɵʿ
ɽĹսʮʿһƬȻ֣˰Ե𶯡
ͨĽԲ֮ʿĽϵߴʮϵĻܽһγͻƣǡԷĽס
ͬҲƵͻơ
ϵġ¿ʿǿüɣͻƵˡ׾֮һΪľסֻҪ㹻ǿһֱʱȥĵʿķħŵġѪȼһѪ
׵ľԷͽ˸еֲĻ
ôɡͻƶġơͼֱ˸еָޱȾˡϵǿҵĴ͸֮ЧƺųƿԻһͬ׵Ļף޼᲻ݡͨʿĻһƣ͵ס
סơ󳬽׷һ壬˭ֵܵ
һǿĴ͸ǿķһ޵а
ҶֵܵסҲסɣ
ҶĽǿϺδܻ
ҾãŻźճϺʦ֣ŷޱȾͨҶ˭ǣ
սϵļٱ仯սʿеһĿѣȻоǰŸոձҶһ˶սŻʿ߰˾߿ܸסֱϺһ𾪵Ĳᡣ
սʿ֮Уϲ
ʿȻɱˣһΪҳûˡһҲҪϳֻҪõһɱܵõһö𵤣
ʩ忴ʿɱһ㶣űһϲЦһ̵ʤܶѾ޹ؽҪҪһԸħţ϶ϳ

ոߴ鸡ϡ
һӣвٷǳɫ
ӣڳһġŶŻһħһһʵĻϵȡļʿһγô࣡
ʮλԪӤڹۿսսֵı仯ʱ¶־֮ɫ
ʮһȵʮλŲʿǴӸƵʿѡѾǿʵȻ࣬ܳͣżôһһÿһĸ˰ף϶ᱻһռݡ
һΣѾнˣԶҲΪ
ߴΪḻսһޱȣһ˷ܵ㵸ﲻʱķŹֵţⳡšħšŻŵλ涼˾޴ĶעаҪռףǿǷˡ
ߴûԴѾϰΪ
ԪսЩŹֵĻͷʸʵʸ֣ŵĶĶӣǽҶСӣŮΪŮעİɣΪʲôܸоġ齣⡷Сӣ
ٺ٣Ԫϵڼ˲ű
ʸڰʯϣɫ糣ĺǺЦ
ѾܲˬˡСܳģôضŪһϣģŶſˣŪı˻Ϊŵġ

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ҶһŻʿںӵϺҲ̲סʩչǿɱﵣʿɱ
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ʯͷܵٶȲ죬ҲĹ֮൱ľˣǣƶ֡

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˴Ѫ˻ΪһŸΪʮɾ޴Ѫɫ档
Ҷ붼ûһתȼѪһһϣĻʸض˾޴Ѫڡ
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ħʿɫһȭĺѪϣ񱩻Ÿ˲Ϣ
ԽȥԽ𾪡
ȭǻһ
һȭһȭԽھŲʿˣɱ
Ÿ˲ϢȭȭĿ񱩺ǿţҲᱻ¶Ƿ顣
оţֻҪ˻ʸʦ壬ʸʦֵס
ǣҶȻһԾ޴Ѫʸʦȫȥˡ
ȭҶѪϡ
ھŲʿʩչѪȼ̫ǿˣҲǶʮԺͨ׷
񱩵ľŸ˲ϢͨķĹ֮¿ͱ˺ѳƬȻû˺ѣȻŸ˲ϢѪȼһˡ
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ҳȼգѪȼաѵҲǡѪȼ

ʲô
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ѪϵԭϱͼѻãѪϵҪǧܳУȻ׵Ѫϵ͸ΪϡС޵ĲϺңѪϵѰ
һ޾׵ѪóɳǹֹǧʯǸͲǿʯ򵽵ġ
ħʿÿһȭѪȥѵĶʮʯ
Ѫϵһ㶼;ⲢǷͷȫֵҶȻϡѪȥӲֵħʿĽ
ڽʿĶڲǵλȨأƴۣҲϧȥ⸱ѪֵħʿѪȼ

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319 Ҷʾ
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ôĲۣ뱻׷ɱĶӣ㵽ɽӹȵǧӹһ٣Ƚ˴ӰݻжġԪ䡷
۵ˣǣʮɽɽ̶̵֣ŵٶȳɳ
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ǵʿ֮ĬĬţһյĿޣϮɱں˼ɽǿɱ顣
ںҲݡֻ֪һصʿɽȴ˿֪˵ʵݡ
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ǧʿ֮Уɳ죬ûʿǰչʵ
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Ҷֱķʽվɽӵ۷壬ȻžŴǧĶӡ
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ߣڵʾ
ʸûصɫ


320 齣⡷
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쵤ö࿴ʩ壬ѪȼûʩչһѪ¶ʩɵ漴ʩչѪٶԼӰҶͻʸضĴС
ʷɳһǶæٿظԵķһȥ⵽쵤ͻϮڷħֻʣ쵤һսǶֻҪأ쵤δܻɱǡ

ҶչԼЩƵѪĿ⾯ɨܣѰ쵤ڡ
ѪɸѪԼɱֻ˴Լʮ֮һɫУɫ޲һֻҪʮʯ
ſһɱܵõŶʮʯĽͣʧȫ̫⡣
Ҷһۻʸض
Ȼ˵ûʸضԸ쵤Щġ
ҶҲ֪ʸضжǿʵ棬ʵ˵ʲôӨΪݵһ֮ŮʵҲĺܡ
˵츳̶йء
Ҷɣ쵤ˡѪȼĲ㣬Ҳδؾͱǿ
ʸضҶЦ˵ͷġ
̧ͷų˫һȡ
齣⡷һʽΨΨ
һ˲䣬ʸضȫˣǡ
֮䣬ֻֻеķɽ۷壬覣иɻΨΨһĽ뽣
齣һֻоʽȻֻǡ齣⡷ʽҲ򵥵һСƫƫ򵥵һУҪߵĽ磬ںܶལʿ˵Ǳ׷
˫ŻɫͱѩâʮɷΧ
쵤ǷħšѪȼսߵʿδӡ
ҶһԾ޴ĲѪһġ

˷ͣʮҸߵİУ˫ֱأŻʸض쵤սѪȼҲѾֹͣ
쵤ɣ֪ڸ
ʸض鵭Ȼܿȥ
ǻشģȴһƬĬ
쵤Ѿ֮ǰƽָ侲
ϢѪѰųֵѻᡣ
Ƕֹ֮ʱ¶ֵĻᡣ
ֻһʩչѪȼĻᣬһɱĻɱĿǻʸضҶǻɱҶѶ̫̫ˡħѾ˵ĴֻۣǹѪѡ
ʸض׶ԸһЩ
ҶǻʸضڶγֵĻᡣ
齣⡷ڶʽ亮£
ʸضʶȻһ䣬
һ
ϵɽȻնâתâĻȣתŷȥ亮³࣬һĹ켣䣬ѭ
쬣
ʸضɷΧȫ亮µĹΧ֮ڡȻ޷쵤ֻҪ½â϶ᱩ¶
һѪɫӰڴӻʸض෽ֳ֣֮ٲ־Ҫ
ڵͿշҶüͷһǿûг֡
Ѫȼı
쵤أȻѪȼ
ȭȭ׷ǿһȭ
ȭ֮Уſ˺ѵĺɺ֮ǿңɽȡ
齣⡷ʽƣ
ʸض̱Уֱмʽʽʩչǿĵʽ
Ҷʸض齣ľʽ
齣ףһʽΨΨ亮¡
齣нףһʽƣƣƣ
齣ףһʽ齣ģ齣⣬齣
ǿս齣⡷Ҫߵ̶һ־Ϊɬһսսһ޿ɹ
򲻹ʿ֮齣⡷һʽ޷ѧᡣ
ʸضǴСʼҲ򵽡齣⡷ĵʽѾϲѣΪǿǧٶʿ
䣡
ض䣡
ҶһܽĸܵΧĴأƺ𶯹ľˮ糯ʸضı˫ۼȥ
ʸض˫پۼԶӴųʹâ
ķɽն
쬣
ֺĽâ䣬ֱ쵤ѪȼıԺ䣡
䣡
ҫ۵Ĺâ
ɽ𶯣ľ⵽ﷶΧʯɡ
ãɢȥ
˵һжԹδʤ
쵤ˡ
ҶĶѪڵͿգȥ
ʸضġ齣⡷ʽǽΪãĲ
쵤ġѪȼıֶֻ֧˲Ϣ˲ϢһѪľ޷ܻʸضԶսܣս


321 ټ
ɢ
һɴŮӣһŮӣӰɽȴһ
ˣ
쵤Ȼʧı˫ĿĻѡ
ʸض쵤ɱջرɽͷΪԵõҶƺ˵ɣġ齣⡷ҲǿһҲ쵤
ҶЦЦ
ŷħһʿ쵤ɱҶħʿɱսŴڶսʤĻ

ҶѪͻʸضʷɣɽȿ
ɽΧžʿĿ
ʦ֣
ɽ֮⣬һǧʿһȣ羴ĿǰҶʮʿޱȿȵĳݡ
Ŷʿ֮˲żüãʵǿһܶ࣬໥ʿܱΪʦ֡ڣŶеĴʦֵˡ
ŵʿǣҲصעҶ
ҵһս
˵͹Ż֮սҶϺ֮ȶսļɵĻôͷħ֮սȫҶֱԵַӲˣȫûκμɿԡ
Ҷһ֮˷ħŲʿʮŸ˲ϢѪȼųƷħǿսġѪȼսޱȵĺȴ޷˼ֺ
򵥵ķʽҶ֤ԼʵѾԶʿĲΣǹǷΪӽʿ
ҶѪһֻ֣ǵķأѾħھŲʿɥʧսħʿûƢˡΪػʸضֻһˣѡĻһԺɨħŵʿ
ǿʵͬҲǿҵסŵĶʿ
սŻʱڻֻһʿ˽ҶΪʦ֡
һսħ֮ŵǧʿ֮УѾҲûʸȥҶʵԭɵʿѾ졣ҶʵѾǿȥ۵ˡ
ɽ磬ǿΪ
ҶԶʮɱ߾аһϺʮһɱ쵤Ҳʮһɱ
ҶѾʿΪʦ֡
սڽʿЩϧΪҶǼѪеֵѪװȻˣֵҪ١ַ̫£ҪѪϵԭϡ
ڻɽȵһϣλڼҵš
ⳡȶкܴⰡҶ˷ħŵġѪȼսһŵӣôáѪȼأʤˣǻõĸɱҲȡ
ǣû涨ʿŵֶΣҺֶܶζͨõģֻŲ÷ҲֻŲޡкܶսڸ֮䶼ֲʲôϡ¡
ܶս޷ȫܣΪŴʿ֮дһŵĸ׺һħŵĸ˸߽ս˽´ڸŮŮͬʱ˶ŵĸ߽սսȥˣŵʿҲѧᡣֹ޷׶ž顣
⡶ѪȼԪĶսħŶʿҲʿѧˣҶһӣѧֵģ϶˽´ڸ
ҪǷħŵˣ
Ҷʣ
ħЩߣһħŰܵôңǰŵս֮£ȴǰ˷ħԼսϡΪŭ֪˭й¶ȥġ
ЩΣҶ治ʡģѧľͨħŵġѪȼҲѧ֡
ڴʱյĸߴ鵺һ
һͷʮɾ޴ĽһԽɫᣬХ鵺ֱҶʸض˶
ʿǲȻĽҪҶӻʸض
չɵҶʸضǰͣ¡
ҵң
ʸضϲǰͷϵĽ
Ϊͨ飬ѾԡʸضҡҡͷֳҶ˼ʾȥ鵺
ҵ㣬һȥ֪ҵʲô顣
ʸض˼ЩʧҶ
ţȥ
Ҷƽĵ˵ͷ
ڿʩչѪȼʱѾԤϣС鷳ѾӦЩ鷳׼ֻû뵽ټȥʻ
ȥһ鵺μ桱鵺İȥҲû̫η

չ᷵鵺
Ҷ棬ܿ鵺Ͽգ滨ݱصĸϡ
ǰĳҶһ
ԪӤʿڸǰһƬյʯվֵЦ⣬Źֵǵķθ죬ŵĿۣŵʿųƤŵ¹ѷȵȣһ㡣
ǿǵţױܿǾŴŵԪӤ棬ֻŵԪӤʿ
Ҷпһ£ȫ֪˴ŵʲôʱţ֮ǰû˵һʮһε񣬲ԪӤеȤ׷ǰս
ľ飬ֻ𵤳ϴǰˡԴӣǶǺӵı֡òԪӤǰ
Ҷμʦμλ棡֪ʦټӣкηԸ
Ҷаҵ̰ݼ۵棬λԪӤ档
֮ǰҺͷħԪ桢ŻŹߴһģ֮У˭µĵӶеһ㽫ŵġ齣⡷սħŵġѪȼսŻŵġս𰡷ͼֽ͸ˡΪ˴¡
ʸޱҶһ˵
ҶȻĽƷЩš
ŵս齣⡷ħŵսѪȼйŻδŵĻؿͼֽЩȻ˵һĽƷ
ʸ֣ʣһûдأħŶսŻţôͰ˽ô϶õһһҹŻ˵лʤ
ߴ϶һۣµ
ҶʮɱϺ쵤ĿǰʮһɱһսħŹˮùŻʤϺõɱҲҶĻɱһѡɱһҪǶ˵һȷλߵ͡ɷħŵ쵤ҲһҲҶҶϺ֮ʤбҪһ𣿡
ʸתͷߴ϶Ц
⡭
ߴ϶һ㶣ɫʱ˵ɱһĻԼӴһȷߵͣϺ򲻹Ҷ
λıΪȤΪŵûսôͨѪǴӺδõᡶѪȼô£Уȥʮľ˵һ˵պΪŵĺĽʿ֮һȥľһ˿
ʸ泯Ҷ
ЩЩӣ
Ҷһ£˵
޷һ˵һ߿һս˵꣬һսҲˡ
ʸ浭Ȼ
ǣ
Ҷһ˼Ȼ˺üʱţϺΪʦȻȥɽȻȥ룬ЩĴ¾˵˳
Ȼŷһּ٣Ǳġ
ɱݻõԪ䡷쵤ĽףѪѪȼǰ㣬һ㲻©ϸ˵˳һݻŵʿ⣬ǵʲôǡȻ˷ħŵġѪȼҲѪģħǨŭҲ̫ء
漰ɸģСȥѪҲðʱջ񣬴ɽһʿĶżõĺô


322 䶨
Ҷȥһʮľһνס
ԼŸ߲ϵŶκܵ͡潻ףܵõΡҪȻҲ
Ϊ˵ľ󲿷ֶʵ飬ϺԺͬʦֵܣɱߡԪ䡷õʿѪѪɱ쵤׵õѪȼǰսض˵˳֤ԿŶȷǳߡ
λҶ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
һź޸ʿܹĳ̶ȣ¡Ϊҫ۵ģһҶһǹŻϺѹʿҶ˾Ȼͬʦֵܡ
ϺôҲǽߵ츳ʿйߴĿغ࣬ڹŻһɳǺ顣ϺֳɫҲʮ
Ҷʲô
ǶϵȻΪʦûеõŵĶٺôӲǿһ֮ΪΨһɽõʿżڵһѪѸھŲ㡣
ǲδѪѪϵװȫСʿƵġķѼĲǧʱ䣬ܳһķװҲֻǰĹʿ쵽
棬ȫҶ뾡취
ӵĳ֮£ҶǺɨŴŶʿ˾Ŵеĵһλⲻܲ˵һ˸еŵ顣
λ治ٶǴӵײʿ᲻֪еļ
ҶɱѰݻ֮飬δǵһ£ҶΪ͡
ɽ磬ɱǱġһУ㲻ɱ֣űɱɵһжΪӰ
ԪӤ漶ʿһɱȷѪйġ
Щ޿ΪǿʵȻһЩֶΣֻǵδ÷ħѧ˷ħŵս÷ħŵս˷ħţռ˷ħŵĺܴˡԪˡ
ҶЩ
ɴ£СڣôСܰŹսѧ֣ı£ûʲôùġҵӣͦϲûѧսֵġԪ䡷͡ѪȼѧˣǺҷħԵʸ֣ҪɴСתͶҵˣʱգسҷħŶʿ
ԪЦ
лԪ£
ҶԪȻû˿֣Щȣæл
ţӣתͶŵĵ˵ˣλģ⽱Ʒ治С齣⡷𣡡
ʸû
Ԫϵѣ
λ׷Ц

͵Ҷ鵺ϣ潻׵ʱ
磬һսŻŶսħţҲʼˡ
ϺĹŻŵӣս쵤ķħŵӡ
ΪͬҶµʿʿϧͬĸо
ϺȻһǷһ侲ȶֻǷħŵʧʿ䣬쵤֮λᡶѪȼʿδϳһ̲δ̫ҡ
ħžһŻſϺȫ
չŻ΢ʤ
Ϻɱ
쵤öɱ
һս
ⳡʿǰս˳ʮյɽŴĻ
ⳡҲʿļ顣
Ŵа񵥸ı䶯ռݵһλ½һλĲλǹŻţӵ׵λһԾмλá
ȫΪŻųһǧѼĽʮ츳ʿǹŻŵʵ岢ٹʮ꣬ûϺʿŻŻǵüס
Ű񵥵鲢ࡣ
ҵģа񵥡
ǰλȫһɫĳһʿ󳬹ǰһλһʿ
Ҷţʮɱ߾ӰסҶλû̫顣Ȼ˷ħŵġѪȼԸħʿáѪȼķٿ֮ҲսʤλڶϺټѪɨκһʿɵ飬Ѫȼȫǽǿʿ޷
ϺŻţʮĻɱλӵڶΪŻŵӣһٶ˵ڶǴδй飬ճϺޱȡ
쵤ħţʮɱλӵ϶ԣҪǰλһЩμ˷ħŵа˳ս۵ĻɱҲࡣ
ʸضţŻɱλӵġӵڶԿʸضʵҪ쵤ǿϲ١ֵĴ࣬Ҳ٣õĻɱҲЩ͵ڶλϺ˭ǿ˭ûдѽ׼ȷıȽϡ
ϣţ˻ɱλӵ塣ϣֻ˽ʼ˸ɱʮֵùıϺƣ˳ƾµĻɱɸ߾ӵλʵӸˮ׼ȶ֮ĳһʿûдⱻϺƣܻ߲١
ʿɱȫսʿ֮һⳡҫ۵ʿҲǱʿ
޴Ҳۼϡ
£ǾŴŵٮٮߣ߸ɱһɱ
Ž裬ѦʩȵȣõĻɱ٣ĸߡ
ȻкܶսھŲʿһɱҲûõͱɱ볡Щù
ܹʸμӾŴһ־޴ҫϺܵùʿҲɽ綥ʿڸԵŶ֮Ҳǰʮλ

֮˴ʿһЩǰֵɢʿסһ£Էʿ֮໥д轻
ŴʿۣĻᲢࡣȻһȻҪãܰһˡ
ŵʿǣڹۿ˼ĵսȡս֮󣬷׷Сӽŵɽȿڣнд衣һʱһһٿ԰ʮϵıȶ
ɽȿϰŲڻڶĸ̨ʿ֮Խд衣
ڣַǷ
⣬Ŵ֮󣬻һΪҪ飬ȻǸսʿ䷢ཱ
ŴŵĽ࣬ÿһɱʮʯÿɱ⽱һö𵤡ûõɱģһҲʯĲսֻ̫ˡ
гŵÿӮһʤŽȫһʯ˾ʮԼ鵤սŹɡֻҪõŵһսÿ˽һö𵤡
⿰ؽеĽۻ൱ľˡ
ţҲƵӮһؽʯڼλĳŵ
Ҷ鵺ϴ˼ʱλǣĿţ鵺λš
沢δսɡ
λԭҶ飬Ѿ˻ҲֻĬϣ顣
ҶĻɱսҲʽȷ
ҶһԼⳡջ񣬼Ϊܡһö𵤡ʮʯԼŹɡҪģλԪӤĸĺöǿս齣⡷ħǿսѪȼ桢Ż´ġս𰡷ͼֽ
һѧ֣ߵˮ׼磬ڽʿ֮Ҳޱȵǿᡣ
չأ𵤾磡


323 ʹ
ŴһŷŴ󿼵ĽЩõ𵤽ĶʿܿɢȥŸѰʺϵɽأչس𵤾硣
Ų۷ΪܶͿԳƿֻΪⳡӳ˽ա
һͻƽΪء
һɽ֮ϣҶͻʸضڷ嶥һͻأ͵ʯϣ
ҶŻʸضһ˫޹ǵ֣գгⳡŴᵽ˸еһɽ֤ʵûʿܱǿ
ѾˣҪʸ˼
ҵȥûΪɣ
ʸضҶĵůЩĵʵ
ֻҹȥЩĲδ˵Щ䲻ȣּΪϸѯҹȥľҲŪʲô̬ȣ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ڲΪҲȥ̽λǸ棬һǻˣءͻʸض֮飬ڻʱδҲҪȵ֮ᡣ
ҵƢ˭ûʲôɫ
ʸضԹ
˴ŵҲţ֪ʲô飡
Ҷ
Ӧø֮սйذɣǰЩҵ˵ǱֿʼɽǼΪңԶЩɽϵ󡣡
ʸضҡͷ
ͻƽƿɣǵʵ̫Ҳܲô࣡ͻƽ֮ȥݻ档
Ҷһ»ʸض֣Ц
ţȻȥˣɽ˵
ʸضɫ΢죬ЩĸҶ
ɽâɽԾ𣬳ͬȥ
ҶԼס塣
ʦˣ
ʦ˰ף
ʦ˰ףǴϲ£ǲǸôһʯ
Ů˷ܵΧݵĿҶ
ҶѹʿһٶðףɽţΪǿʿױȵҫЩҶϵŮǣҲޱȵĹʡһ˵ԼڷҶöĽòˡ
ʱҪչأ𵤣ǿ壬аݷõһžܾʱ䷢֮ϳֽƣ뿪ⱻ׽ٲ
ҶЦãҡͷ⣬ÿ˴һǧʯͳһСʯַŮ
лʦ壡
һ壡
Ůϲ
Ҷɽڵıչң¡¡ʮصʯš
ɸڡ
ҶѪȡ˳С࣬СѪ֮޲áŽʯҲȫɸڡ
ˣѪôƳ㱻˭ˣû
С࿴⸱ѪӣʱһæʵѪǿѪϵװƳ֮ǿҪҶùҲܡ
ϱħŵļʿƵġ˵ˣ޺áҪ޺ѪҪʮʯҪʯԼáѻȺǵιʱҳھ磬ɸˡ
ҶԸ
õģˣ
С׹ͷûٶʡ
ҶɸڳıڼӲʯɴСʯϥӴһĵƿڣȡһöӲ絰ѴСĽ𵤡
Ũ֮ʱʯҡ
Ҷȥһ𵤣˹߻̺ľԪա
ƿﻹ𵤣㹻ˡ
ʵϣõĽΪࡣϺ쵤ֻʸضϣμʿ٣ֻһ𵤡
ܲܽɽ𵤣еʱҪ츳еʱеʱ
ʿǱȻ޽𵤡
Ϻ֣ϵǱʵ㳬ʮʿý𵤣Ҳɳͻƿ𵤣Ҳκˣһ磬ȻȻͻơ츳ֻĽķݡ
ϺĽȫ࣬ԼߵļǮʿ͸ŻŸ߲ʿ顣
ǻʸضȻɽ𵤡
ҶĻʸض޷ᵤ֮϶˳ĵõ㹻𵤣ʸضá
ҶԼһȻᵤ
츳Ҳ
һʮֵù𵤶ûͻơ
дӵɽصõĻ̺ǿԣ𵤡
ֻԵЧԶûĽЧöѡ
۳޲ѪѵĶʮʯʮʯɸţɸֻҲҪӲȥ
ǱȻᵤ
Ųʿֻܿˡ˭ܽᵤ˵׼

һȺμʿ׷ױչسھȥˣⲢӰʿǵŵʿʿڿ֮Уڸ̨ȶдսͷ
󣬿һµʱ
գһĵͷʮʹߣִŵɽŸʹΪ֮ˣһʿ
ţʹǰݼ
һɽʿ֪ʹ٣Ҵҽţ
ʹߣǲʹݸʲô
ںţԼڶʿĴɽžɫۿŵɽȡ̨ȶԲɵһ
ʿҲʮơ
Ļһʹܺٶʹǰ
Īʲô£
ߣȥ
Ǿݴ½һˣʿȻʮӡ
챾ųϣŵšڽʿһϰʿƺƵһŵɽſڣӭʹߡ
ƹʿλɽͬ
ϣһʿʹЦ
һ˷ȣһ֪ȻѰ֮²ŭһӺݻĴ˵ǳΪʿеȡ
Ҫɽŵκһɼ壬ԶŵӴе̡
ʿ໥ͨʶһ
Ҵ˴ǰǷ֮ʹɽ磬ҪҪ֮°ݼ棬Űţ
ʿЦ
֪Ǻ£Ҫ棿
Ц
սֳһЩʣһԶ˵꣬Ǽ̸ɡ
ʿȻЦûк̸ȥ˼
ɫ΢ɲһ
ͷ졣ûʲôݵһŵ˵һǵü档ѵǰ費ɡ
Ҫд£ȥ棬һ
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ŸҶ˵֮󣬱㾶ȥһССȥһǰ;Ľʿ飬ʽ׶˵ٻ㲻ˡ
磬ű㱸ͷλڽʿǵǴ̣ԵǷȥԪӤʿͽʿķٶȲһʿһ÷ٶȿ죬ʡֲķһȫ֡
ͷѾŵɽſڡ
мһϸ߸šħšŻҵġ
һңŽššŵġҲһңšɽšŵġ
ͷ˾Ҫסݵޡ
⣡
Ҷ̤мҹŵͷļװϡһϴģλŵڵӣԼκFƵӡ
Ҷʿȥ
ʸ桢Ԫ桢ߴλԪӤ棬ҷĴͷ˵Żķ·ߡ
ڽʿڴСβװϣľۼġŵšϲδμӴ˴ж඼ʮ½Ľʿ
ʿԷΪȺ
ϺΪ׵һȺŻŽʿռ˴βڹŻֻϺǾԺģߴֱӿУҲǰ;Ľʿ챦ĽʿҲϺޱȡȻϺһĬԣΧڶŻŽʿ
쵤ڷħŽʿһȺڴмװҲࡣ
ʩһȺŽʿڴмװࡣ
ϵĽʿǿҶϴ׷׳Ҷȥ
ħź͹ŻŵĽʿǿҶ۽ǶЩ֮мЩη壬ΪӡһǰϣǶŵʿǱҶɵĺܲҡ
Ҷ
ɴһϮƮƮĻʸضվڼװĵĿɽɫ羰һУлʸڣҲûʿȥɧҶڿǷٶǾ޽С
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ʸض㼸һۣĿɻ󣬡ȥ׷ɱޣʲô
Ž͸ҡǰȥ׷ɱ壬;׼ȥ֮¡ûʱҪбŵʿҶһ壬κ졢λȥһպðǵҲȥǵķ֣Ҳġ
Ҷ͵
ǴҪ޳Ե֮ǰǽסôŵλãܽ
Ҳã
ʸض˵ͷź׵ˣҲܷеǣҡ
ҶԸڷҵطϢͻʸضڼװһطϥûʱȥķ绨ѩ£Ϊʿ֮Ҫʼʽŵġ齣⡷ͷħšѪȼϵĹ߽׷ƿӡйŻŵġս𰡷
ʸضѾˡ齣⡷ĵ㣬ʸض̡齣⡷
ֵ˰ʱִʿˡ
ͷ뿪ɽţսʼ٣ԵǷٷȥǰȥɱޡ


328 ȴļ
ҷΪɺ磬ռٷС
ϣڽʿսǰ׼˴ӭսǹɴӶɽޣ޵ʵСҲС
֮УǶԸ޾ḻ֮⣬½ĽʿԸ޵ľ鲻࣬նЩš

ҶѾƿŸ߽׷ϵӡѧ֡ŷǷϵ֮ΪʵãҲΪķϵսݣɱһġ
ֻڴϲŷҲԼɱﵼķʿǰչ¶
Ҷǿսġ齣⡷һöɫ˳ʶɨ飬ķĬģǿս
սʲôؼ֮
Ҷ֮󣬳ԱŵĻʸضʵʸضѾˡ齣⡷ĵ㣬ˮƽ߳һء
齣⡷һʽŸ磡սҪŸİҪ˵츳ǿʿסУѾҲнչ
ʸضϸ齣⡷һʽΨΨһʽ򵥣Ҫ򵥵һʽҲѧᣬľ͸ˡ
ضһʽ˶ʱ䣿
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ǰЩ꾭ϺϺ徲ģΧʮﺱ˼׾±һʽ񣬶̶һ˵ʽҵߣʺš齣⡷ս
ʸضЩԵ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ׹ʸضΪʲôҪȥڼΪƫƧϺһʺϵص㣬սҲЩô
һʽΨΨһʽҪֻԼֻԼеķɽһʿ˾ȫʩչﵽ۷壬ֵÿһﵽ覣ǿĳ̶ȡ
ʸض
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ȴҵսʱ򣬾͸ңνġΨΨؼǡȴ֡ȴԽ࣬ʣµȻԽ١ֻʣԼֻʣԼеķɽڽ˳Ȼ̤롮ΨΨľ磬ӶӳǿһʽҪǡȴ֣Ȼһ¾ץסˣ
ʸض˫һЩ̾Ҷδ齣⡷սȻץסеĹؼ֮
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ܾá齣⡷ĵһʽΨΨһֺϤĸо̵ļ䣬ƺ׵е
һɻһȴһУ˽֮УǾζֻʣ½ܴѹҪ޷ѣһֱУ
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Ǻǣܳôðұ֡ΨΨľ״̬ҲֻάּΪݵʮ˲Ϣʱѡĸ̫࣬ľ׾ͻᱻϡ㻹һʽΨΨľɣһ£ͻᱻϡ
ʸضЦ
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ɽʿϲʯڱչأΪ˾ųĸţ֮С
ȻĸųʿеȴԶϾԾ֮Уһ뵽һ˲ϢѾ֪ٸӵ
ԱΪʿʯڱչأһ˼ǡⲻ㣬ֻ˵Ǳչؿ޶ѣġԶʮǧ
ҪġΨΨһѵ顣
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ŵս齣⡷һʽΨΨ򵥵һУҲֱ졣Ҫһʽûмߵ츳ǲеġ
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齣⡷һʽΨΨһпƼΪҪߵľ磬ʵļ򵥣Ǿǽʿÿһзӵǿ
һʿ롰ΨΨ״̬ʱʱʿÿһ׾ٵĴﵽǿ൱ʩʱ򣬷ﵽԲ
ҲǺܶལʿĽ۷塣
齣⡷Уֻ硣һﵽľ磬ʩչκνУն;ͬ飬ӳһЧ
ף
ڣٱĿڤ˼ʿۣĽʿ׷תͷ𾪵ĿҶ
ǡ齣⡷ĵһʽ
ʿţ쵤ȥѯʡ

쵤˵ͷ
гԾ
һƣȫǻʸضſʩչ齣⡷һʽΨΨʱơҶô̵ʱȻѾˡ齣⡷ĵһʽ
ϺӹĳҶһۣ±۾
ŻŵʿеһľҶеķɽǸеһϢѹԸľǽսƫƫҶĽսʵǿļֱͬʿ޿ɵֵĳ̶ȡħŵġѪȼ齣⡷ҲʼѧˡһʿߣǸеѹ
ڷ׵Ļʸ桢Ԫ桢ߴ棬λԪӤʿҲɵĳҶ˹ȥЩ
ѽ죿ѧˣ
Ԫɻ󣬿ʸ齣⡷ųǿսôô׾ѧɣ˶ѧս
ôףһʿʮҲδʲô˷ʱ䡣һѧɵһʽҹŮҼ츳ģҲ²ѧɵһʽС죡
ʸ涼Щԣ֪ۡ


329 ɱ֣Դ
һ߰չȥͷɵԵǸٶȽ
Եںƽʿһֵϣ̯̯ڽŻԵǺ֮䣬Ÿ
ڵʿΪձϵͣδע⵽ոߴϳҷ
Եû⵽Ϯǹ޻ûеִ˵أǿƵȥ򣡡
ߴ泯ɳǹһ˵
ɣͼԵݸصһҪأҪʲôĻԵǣǾɳΧһǻɱ
Ԫ˼
һɣ
ʸ˵ͷ
ͷɢ˿ԵǵΧſһŴ׼ǹݵһ򾡡ɳʮʿΧﷶΧв̽Ѱǹ޵Ķ
һʱᣬҲҲǹ޵ټ
Ҷҵʸ棬ǰ飬˳㿴һ˵ȥޣܿˣҲǹ˽ˡ
ţҲáʱ䣬˰ٺáձ뷵أ޿¾⼸ջ֣ڶȫ
ʸһۣ
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Ҷõ֮󣬱㡢κFƵȼڡʿ뿪ǰ
ʸضҲĻӣҶһ˷
ŻŵϺߴ֮˷Ҳˣʮ֮һδؼҿμȻ˳ؼ忴
ϣڽʿҶϺȻʿɶЩ
һСǧ֮Ȼ˶ʿһɽİ׺͵ڶ̫ˡˣֱķϣЩʮｮĵ۹ǿ֪ٱ

ҶǽʿٶҪԶʿʮ౶Ҳûѧ֮һ߽׷ɽΪʮɾ޽㡢κʿ
ʸضϺԦС
ʿٶȼΪˡһʱâǵա
Ҷʸض˳·ȥǳһ
λһƬСƽԭʱƬƽԭɱ졣
ŸŵʮƽԭϲľӪɱڵľ
ܱĹɵΧǡ
ľڱڣ˻š
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ĹĴǰһߣڰ˲ʿһƥ񿥵ϾǷ֮ɫָųͷЦҪ군ˣ̫ʹˣ֮Ҷڸ㱨ˣҲģҪᣡ
֣Դ㲻úҪɱɱޣΪҪУ
ͷϣµ֣Դŭ
ޣ䰲϶ƨϻ۱㵱ԼǸˣֵܵҶҶһƥܱȡҶɱΪ㡣Ƴ֮Ҫ㳢ζҪһ壬ȫҶᣬйͷ֮ޣҪۿϷҪ
֣Դмͷ
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֣ԴͽҪɱ㣡
շɽ֮ϣ㿴ǵĲңʱ˫ͨ죬˺ѷεСǻ֮޲÷ȥ֣Դƴɱ
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֣Դǽӣ˰ͨɢɡȻ˵ɱɱˣ϶֣Դǿ˵š
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ȫ֣ԴĻǵĹųǵı⣡ҵ̳ٷ
ʮһ飬׷ݵƴߵף
ǶݵˣʿվšƽԭϣʮĹʿбеѹѹݵһƬͷߡ
ɣ
Ҷ·ȻɱˣʮҲɱˡ
лɲɱ֮
ǻæߵл׷ƨţʮĶӡ
ֻʣһƬǽӪأʹʬףΧ

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в֮ˣ֣ıˣһɱ
ո֮ҶΪ¾ΪκϡϡϡΪΪഫΪ¹ʦ
ĹȻѾǳưܣ϶ִļܡ˵Ҿ»һγʱĶҡ֮˳ν죬ͳӣ£ѹصѾͷ˿ܣ
ҪһҶҴ壬Щס
ҶͷκFơˣԸ
ʦ壬ЩϺͻʸʦ壬ҶҴȺϢУ֤Щ׵ģ
κ촽ٺЦ
FҲͷҶĲ⣬ڽǵ׼ҲŽҶһһнʿʿ֣ʢǱȻǵҲǳ
㣬Ҳ飬ȻұΪǱƹ֮Ҫ̫ࡣҷΪʦܳʱ
ţͣʱ䲻֮ڣǽ°ס
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ǣ
ҶϺ˵
ͻʸضλƫƧɽصҶҴȥ


330 Ҷ¾
ҶҴ壬شɽƫ壬ɽƧ֮أɽ·᫡ǲнɽû߰˸ʱׯӰӶмĶ廧ǿɽΪ
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ڻ֮ϣɽ׽𲻴ŮӲȥзСȥΪ˼ԷĸĸǰȥҶҴ壬˼
ҵǰ˵û֮ǰҵĻ֮¡СʱܵĿˣжû˭ҸҶ˵ǰûнᵤɣڽѳɣҵڹͷۣ֪ιҡ
ʸض΢죬Цɰһ˵ˡ
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ҶҴӡģ岮࣬ϵõûмϵ˽Դ˵ӡ
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Сһ졣
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ҶҴһʱɵۣҶҴȻһλ
Ҷ¹ְ˽ۣһƥ˰죬ڷӦ۵Ĵ˷ܵ㵸СǴУˣӣɵӣǵ椣Ҫ㵱ء

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һ޾ҲŹӵ¾Ļᡣ
ҶҴĴȻû£ôҲ׹ݣٲٻ
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࣡ԭ֣ҹǵͻȻҶҴϹô¡û뵽װŪŪŪˡ˳ļλ¾ǻǺġ
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ʸض֪˼οİ˼ƿ鵤٣һ޲ʹ֮֡
Ҷ˵ͷŽԶȥĳӡϥǰТֻöܱչˡ


331 
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Ҷͻʸضʿɺ磬ѸٿԵϿյҷ
ણ
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ʸضڷϡ
棡̽һδκټѵʾ
ҶصڴͷĻʸǰʸ渴
ǰ޵ǰģ˳㹫˽ˣҶһ尲źáճҪȻִΧ޵
ʸ鵭ĮûҶǳĻʸضȥʸضұһ̺عɰȻѱɴڵţ޷ŵĵ˵ͷţӣȺ
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ʵϣҹʲôûɡ
ͻʸضڴͷһضұϵعɰˡ
عɰ
ʸض֪ʵЦعɰûˣǻŮأǻ齣׷ɱ
Ҷ׼ʸƢû⵨ȥԻʸ齣
ȻضݵĴͷ˯ţֻܼĵŴǿǣһҹһζڶ찲źҶһ֮󣬱㷵طʸ渴

ͷƯԵǸա
Ȼжϣǹɽ޿ܻᾭԵǸһֻǴŵƲ⣬ݼΪʲôλжޣϸ֪
ԪӤʮʿͬ飬һϸܵĴһˮ©ĽԲǧﶼ˽ȥͣϸѰȴ޵Ͷ
ֻҪǹ޴ԵΧһ϶ᱻڽʿ֡
ʱ䣬½ҶһĽʿӸطأ鵽鱨
ڡ
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һħŽʿصмķװϣڼװҳһӣɫ԰ףԵüΪҡҡ׹ħŽʿվȣȻѪȼľ󲿷ֵѪʧȫǿ֧ɻ
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ҷϵԪӤ桢ʿǣҲ׷׾˹
ףôֻһ˻жأ
Ԫ澪
ʿʿУǵж
棡ǷȺˣ
ħŵĽʿͨڵأ˺ѷεĴ󺿣ڶĴڣ;ұʱ򣬷Ѫ׷ȥȺ޵ټǽұʿɱˣһǵټǱ̳ˡлޣǵϢһֱɱ˶ʦֵܡȺԶһֲԾʩչˡѪȼŵԽѻΪǶλʦֵܱ𰡣
˶ʿ
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ЩʿһʮڽᵤĽ𵤳ʿǰ;콾ʿɽľ񡣺ܶʿ֮ǰųΪΪųϵϲá
һգ۹˶ʿҲζ֮ǰһп޶ɢ
ʿɵ𾪣ʿκһ˵Ǵ¡һܹҲʮһһ
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ɱȥΪĶλʦܱ𣡡
쵤۾ˣҧݣ
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Ԫ泯ӻĽʿʵ
ܣһֻ޵Ϣ˻жʵδǶʦֵǳͬȴͬʱɱ˵ж޳֡
ӻĽʿҡͷ
ԪͻʸһۣЩΡ
ǰԪӤʿ٣׵Χ飬ֻЩʿȥǽʿʵ̫޿϶Ƕ֣ҲѲ̽޵ʵϸ
жһҷֿǹ޽Χߡǣμ޳λĻǳһͻΧʵУܾ޴ʧ
һҷͬһ򹥻ǡҷԪӤ棬ԺսĻױߣһЩ޵ٶȼΪˣЩԪӤʿٶȻ죬ֻ׷׷ϡ
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˵ʹһֱڷϣʱͻȻ˵λ棬жϣԼʮĻʮϵޣǰ֮˾ݴ½ĸأսѾսĴսǴʱҲðսݴ½ĸأʮӦǵޡ
ô˵
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ԼʮޣǼߣҲʧǿ
λԪӤһ˱·ΧĴ㣬ѡ˻ҷʵ޽ǿ

ͷȻʼ٣ʣΪ糯޵ķŶȥ
ϣʿĬԵķսǰ׼

ڣұұһʿǱʿ˾۾֮أһƬɽ֮С
ʱұѪ죬ʬ˵ǣһǧڣѾûһˡ
ʮͷ̾ұ
һϸۼ׻аĻޣڷŪʿʬ壬ҵʿʬ֮󣬡͡һڳʺ࣬Ϊܵ븹ڡ
ľҿɱˣڣôȫɱˣ
һĸΪ쿡ӣұڡ
ұûһڶû£ɫһ
ò˼Ϊƣһ˫ۣĿ⼫ΪͷϷһ֧Ļɫ𣬷ʿΪߣҲͰ˽׽𵤼ѣѾ
󻹸ŶޡһļΪ׳˶߽һɣͷһţǡһǹԲ֣Բ͹
ڡ̫ʴˣһЩͽʿɱ˾ɱˣα⣡ⱤھһЩʿڵĶûʳʲô
ľ³࣬ǿӲȴڶʮ׻ޣʿ޵壬ɱܵη塣


332 
ⱤڵʲôΪڣͱӣ´ҪٶԱĻţҵĴ£һ㣡
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ֻ֪£ǣԶױʲô

ڡðΣգҴ˵жŽ綪ʧʥ㻹Ϊҳľ֪磬ޣЩں겻Ϲ֮⣬˭֪ʥﶪˣʻѩˣǶ֪֪Ҳڣ֪֪ܣȻ쿪ڴ½ҵʧʥ
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죡
Ŀâŭˡľһٶðûжŭۣ˿ء
쬣
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޳ľ˹ȥ
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ЩããСϣҲɷһޣһХ﷽Բ
ǴʱǶŵԶԶڱڸηǶͷϳͷϳһ֧ɫޣޡ
ȻŰ˽ʵǸߵ壬ʵΪǿصĶŽҲǸ߸ϵ֮һֹʥ塣
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Բָ׵ĻͻȻһźƤ¶һϸСİۣ
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ϢŭľĴ־αظƽϣҪҵʥõʥϣһͳŽ磡
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ò׷һʿĳǱⱤڵʿȫľɱˡղɱ˶·˵صĽʿϧƴû»ڡֻܵطңܲҵõ
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ΪʿŽ峤ĵӡ˵ڶŽӦǵλǡ
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Ž壬ֿɷΪ֡
ͷϳɫëΪ塣Ҳ֮ϵĻˣӵǿޱȵӵСԡױȵͨǶŽָǿ֮һһ弫Ϊ߰ԸԼᲢۡ
ͷɫëΪ壬ǷϵҲ𽡣ҲǼΪǿ壬ڻˡ
ͷϰ׽ɫëΪ壬ǽϵ
ͷɫëΪ壬ˮϵ
ͷϻɫëΪ壬ϵ
һ屾յߣȻΪΪϵ壬һֱһյȻӵд޺洦һ
ƫƫһǼΪϵ
ƫƫ峤ܲʧ

峤ڼʧ֮£ȡ֡

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һ뵽Լ֣ŤݺսȭצͷѪ
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ڶŽܾ޵ĳЦ䡣ļֳΪĳ衣
Ҫ𣬺ɨŽ磬ҪƲ֪жǿ
ϵ޷㹻ǿһѩǰܡ
ֻд˵еʥû˭֪ʥ﾿ʲôʥʲôءκޣֻҪõʥʥİأΪǿʥһͳŽǿ塣
ԭ뿪Ž磬ҵʥ֮ǰһضʧʥʥûķݡ
ѩǶǿĻ֮һһȺɢ޵ͳ죬պҲͶЧʾԸЭݴ½أȥѰʥΪʥ

ѩˣһȺʿˣã֮ǰɱĶʿܿܲ·ɢޣǵȷ̽ӣ
׳˶Ļһֱվ󣬳ĬͻȻɫһ䣬Զʡ
ԶգͷϢļٳڵ򱤷


333 ɢ
ұڵʮͷ޶׷̧ͷռٶͷһ¶࣬ԾԾԡ
һʼðΣͻƶݵɳǷ֮󣬽ݴ½ĸأЩսľݾʿķΧˡ
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ǶԼʵĴΪûݵʿ
Ҫһ˼ʥû˼ȥɱʿݿͱȺ޽췭ظˡ
ڡһȺˣ֣ѩˣҸץʿܱܲʳʥ䣡
ľųѪţɺ촽˷ܼµȻʥʥ϶ûķݡĵ̼ʿԪڵࡣ
ѩˣͷҴзϢ̽鲻ǵʵղɱĶʿ϶ǵȷ̽ӡ֪лޣʵǿҹҷвߵʿҪҪȳ˵أ
Щ׵
ˣλκ۷ޣô𵤼ޣѵԸǣ
̧ͷҷʮİȻ
ⷫϵʿǿޱ뿪ǿġ
ţȿǵʵǲУ߲٣
ѩϸ͹ӣҡҡͷ˵
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ݵʿĲһûжʿԪӤϵʿȫȥ˶ݾڣ
ݾڵʿΪǿ󣬵ǿɳǣǿ
֮£ݾƺûжʿҲûжɳǡ
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ͷܿɵұϿɸߴ޻Զͣ
ԪӤʿڴס
ҶʸضڽʿϺ쵤챦ʩ壬ʹȣվڷ߻Գ·ȥ
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ұһƬѪɫѪ졣
ֻòޣһȺʮͷǻ
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ڽʿĿ𣬼Ϊŭ
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ǴӶɽģԶһЩʮ
ѩ·ޣ޺
ԱߵһЩʿʵ󲿷ֽʿֻδȥսǱߵʿϤ
ѩǶؽһȺɢ޵Ĵ죬ϲ޳Ϊˡ¹ǻ޾һʮ޲٣ͽ޸ռݵĺؼ㡣ЩǴҪҪǣǳǳǿĻޣǰ塣ѰԪӤʿĶ֡ʮ֯ԪӤʿȥûɱ
ɫüΪѿ
Щڣøֻ֡ʹߣɽͬŶѣɱ޲
ѩڶʢŴγԹĴ
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ǰ壿
ڽʿһۣһ
岿䣬ڻ֮ǰ壬Ƕôֲ
ݾŴϣǰʿʵԶͬʿһࡣ
ޣλԪӤ棬ǵĶ࣬ȫԽȫɱ
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ҡͷ˵
ޣôĻΣ
ڽʿԾ
ͨޱﵽʮϵΪԪӤ𣬲ܻΣɽĳʶ
Ƿǳߵ壬ڶʮֺޣӦǴӶŽڳģ֪ѩʲôЩߵ壬ֻҪ𵤼ΪܹΡ

ߵ壡Ǹߵ壬ֻн𵤼ΪʵҲǿȥ
һãߵԪӤ棬ǻ޵һ㹻ȫڴ˵ء
ڽʿǾϲ۷׷ס
ôףǿ˶ɱѩˡ
ҡͷ

ǣԭѩˣ˵˭󵨣ȻֱӴɽˣ
ʸףӭЦƽ͸Ʋ㣬ұϿջص
˭ң
ѩ򸡰׵Ǻѩƣκɫ
»ʸ𣬹档ǰڶѩˡȻʱոԪӤڣֻһС䣬ѩ˲ʶҲѰδлѩ˽֣һֱźû뵽лֲź
ʸżԳ
ɽڣŵĻʸҲʸԪӤʿ֮һ߰ٶꡣ
ʿԶԶ塣
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ԪӤкʿѹ۳һɿֲѹұ
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Щ½ޣҪꡣЩСҲ޹ؽҪҪܳ¡ܲҵŽ綪ʧʥȫҪ
Ȼ֪ʥĴڡ˭֪ʥʲôʲô;ǶŽܡ
ǶŽʷϣ岿ֹһλʥһͳ磬Ƿʥĺ֮һ
ѩ򲢲ʥ˽١ǣ϶ҪࡣҲֻλĻҳʥ
ѩ̫ˣǶͻΧ

𼱣ľǻ뿪סƬ̣ٺǻϣ
ѩ


334 Χ
ѩ䣬ľ̻ͷڽ޼Уѩ˷Ըˣһ뿪˵أߣߣ
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ŴԪӤʿΧѩεĴսǰű߶ǷУֻķݡ
ܿ죬Ѫұڣֻʣѩվš
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ֻһڴˣҲ޾⡣
һǿ纣ɲϿʼѸɢƴ׼ʿľ޵׷

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ѩ̫ˣȻһԿԪӤʿѵʵǿᵽһоţ
ѩϼ޻ڶΪã˵ľ֮һµʿҪδܳɹݣδ̫ǲĴʱ
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ԪϵȫĽ𵤵ӣȥɱµһսߣԼʮͷޣǻʮ۷廯ޣͬǿʺ֡ߣΪݡߣĴҴܣһ鷳
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ԪЩ̫⣬ͬ
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ԪͷҷڽʿǴ𵤵ӣȫ汾ȺӶϾɱ
ԪһӣΪһźƣ˷ľ׷ȥ
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ҶϺʸֶŮ쵤ϣһڽʿɳԪ泯ȥ
ʮɫǧɷɽâһȺâҫĿǣұա
ѩˣˣڰʽ齣⣡
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ϣһͷõĽ飬Žŭ֡
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ɲǼ䣬һǿĽ֮ұΧǧ﷽Բڣڵɱ֡
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ɲǼ䣬رɫ
ƺǧ﷽Բ۹γһʵʵĸɫпӿȥ
Բ׵ʱʮ֮ޣΪһͷɾ͵ѩɫ󡡣޴ĸڣȫ
ı壬Ƕһѩɽǧѩ
ڹ͹׺ĵհԪӤʿ
ԪӤʿ𾪡
ԪӤھ磬ѾܹӶܹӳԶͷʵ
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ѹҶ£սڶԪӤʿ
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գƺ齣Ϊǧɵİ׽ɫâѩնȥ

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һȺݡٶҪϺܶ࣬ԶԶĸš
ӵȥĪǱ˵ֻĶӲɣ
ԪЦ׷ϣֻûйȥ˷ʱЩޣĶ˻ѩµһսЩޣڽ𵤵ȥ׷ɱˡ
׷ˣ
еɱأͷһ㿴һž޴ĺƽԽ׷Խɴŭ
ٶȼһޣҪԪ׷ɱǲܡ
Ȼ󣡻Ȼعͷȥɱŵʿ߲٣һԪӤʿ׷ϣҲ̫ƲˣʿҵĶ֣һɱ
ľͷȥ鼱תݼе
ղŵҪΪʿ˾ԪӤкʿˡڲһԪӤʿ׷ɱǣһ̼ʱ򵨱
ã㲻س֣չ˺ȥɱ
ͷͷ㳯Ԫȥ
ڶҲպյĻ۷ޣʲôʱ¹˭ѩ˳⣡ݵһԪӤʿҲ


335 Űɱ
ͷһ춯صĿÿһⶼ𣬻Ϊһͷɾ޴ţƤֿǿԪӤʿҲ
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ĿҫȺɫâһ磬ɳ档
ʮɵţǼֱָԪ档
һСɽһ޴ĻţǰԪ׳˶ҲԵСޱȣţĽֺ׿¶硣
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֮⣬ҲҺԣ
Ԫһߣܣһӣֿȭٳȥ

ҶʸضϺ쵤ϣʮʿʩչֶΣԦԪ׷
Ԫ桢ǲδԶ
ܿ죬ڸ
Ԫ׷ͷţˣ
ԪǷħǿԪӤʿҲɽʵڻʸԪӤʿ϶ͷţ
ǵȻҷħԪݣǼٵģ
ԶԶԪͻնвٽʿ˷ܴС
ҶҲɼǰս
ĿǰĹսнһԷħŵԪ档֪Ԫ澿жǿ

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̤Ʒ񱼵Ļ۵Ԫ棬ԼٶȣѸԷӽʮʮʮ
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ԪһХͻȻһɳѪ档
䣡
ԪɶȻðѪ棬ȼյ̫죬γһɵĿҵѪУԪȫ
ѪȼűѪȼսǿģһ˲Ϣ֮ڣʿھųѪֲ˸еָ͵Ѫģܳһ˲Ϣ
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ԪӳƱɫһȭһѪɫγɵǧȭͬһʵʵļ׶Ӳĺڻ׳˶Ĳϡ
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һǧȭ֮£𣬵ɳȥʹУûʹȥ
ĲӴִѪܣһѣϺɫѪ糱һ㣬
һȭͨԪӤʿϣµĲ
ǶɵĻ˵ֻһˣֻҪֹѪϢԶȬ
Ѫ󷨡
ԪĿȺ죬ޱȡ
ڵѪڸղŵһ˲ı֮£ȼһգ彫뼫ûдѪ䣬ɡ
ĲѪУҲױѵĵط
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ԪġѪȫϿѪڣֲʩչѪȼűĵѪ
ʹ֮£תţǣԵԪһͷײ˹ȥҲһţԽԪӤʿ
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䣡
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䣡
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ԪġѪ͡Ѫȼͬʹá
һСѪȼűȼԼѪűʵ
һСѪ󷨡ţѪά֡ѪȼűļȼգȷԼĳǿսʧ
Ԫһ񱩵Űɱɢѩµĵһսûκλ֮
ʲôսԪӤʿ˭ȻôԵʮԪӤ۷ʿҲˣ
Զľʧ
ɲǹªŵޣȻɢеĵλԶôҲʮ׻ޣڶսֵľǼʹ档һ浹ĶԻŰɱָԪӤ۷ʿ֮⣬ûʿ
ľͷȫǱĺһ˿ǰȥ
ľô죿ȥȻ
Ѿˣ׾ʿҲܿóϾҪˡѩ⵽ԪӤʿΧδڻҲˣô졣
ȣԱɣ
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ˣԳɶȥǧҪסƬ̣ҳľԶ
ˣԼˣ
һƿڴ
ԭضæһȥ
ЩһãȻĿͳľһλһλǻޣ֪׷ǵе˭źáľǻޣٶ̫죬Ҳ׷ϡ
æ׷ȥ

ԪԻһ浹Űɱסľֹľ
Ԫ̫ǿˣȫŰɱ
Ԫʵ
Ԫ̫ǿˣɽԪӤ۷ʿ̶̶嵽ԪӤ۷壬ֱ׷ʸʵ
ڽʿϵսԶԶĿԪͻɱⳡһ浹Űɱ𾪵ĺϲ£ڡ
ǷħŵڽʿһԺҫԪǿЩҲ⡣
ǼлԪ֡
ԪԳֻɱʮ׻ޣǴδ
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ԭΪɽشݴ½ĸأԶսԪӤʿʵǿȥĵǰƲһȺԪӤʿΧѩ죬á
Ǵ˿̣ۿԪδսֱǿ˿־塭ЩԪӤʿҲûжٲࡣ
˿̣žɽԪӤʿʵС
ǣȺʿ֮У𾪿ϲģҶ쵤
ΪǶ˶ˡԪ󷨡͡ѪȼԪĿұ졣
Ѫȼ͡Ԫ󷨡ͬʱʩչѪȼѪԪ󷨡ѪƪԼȡзѪֻҪ߽һѪʩչѪȼһ߼ȡзѪѪȼһֱȥѪҲݽߣǽ֮ѪɱУ
ԭˣԪΪٶԪӤʿʵλڻʸ档Ԫɱﵣضİأ
ԪȻǿţȻŹսõ˳뻯
Ҷڿһۣ𾪡ϲ


336 ׷ɱ
ұǧա
ŴƬʮ﷽ԲӳգһŹѪƬ֮س̣Ѫб
һͷɣӴСɽĻţϢпµ棬ʮѪ׷ײԵһСżƶѪеԪӤʿӰ
󣬾һֻѸ͵ѪڶҧһͷӴ׾ţͷţôҲ޷ֻѪá෴ѪţÿһڣѪ
ԪʩչѪȼű֮ıٶ̫ˣԶͨԪӤʿٶȣٶȼķϵԪӤҲ޷
ԶսڽʿǶԪǿס
̶ʮϢ֮䣬Ӵ׳˶ϱ鲼ʮһʮɵѪѪӿݽߣպȻ׹ڵϣɴһ˫ͭ㲻ĵţۡ
Ŀޱȱ
ڶؽ磬ҲĻ۷ޣһ޵սľֱӡɥµԪӤʿʮǶѩսĻޡ
ǽ죬˵ı߶մҲӲߣ
Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ù
ҪԪӤʿлӵһƫƫԪ档
ԪݷħųֵʿԴѪȼ͡Ԫ󷨡ڼʱԪӤ۷壬Խʿֱ׷Żʸ档
ݵڶǿԪӤ۷ʿǰʵӲ
Ԫɱ˻˲ˡѪȼ͡Ѫ󷨡Ѫʧδˣɫ죬ѪɱɱǿĻȻûκġ
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ʿŵ޽𵤣֮Ÿո̤Ϲǰ;ƽ˭ҲԼʱ
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ΪԽߣͨҲԽԽǿ
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ҶԪΪӣҲû
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޲δɢݣٶ½ޱ˺ȡ
ӣͷһۣϰԶһȺʿԶԶ׷Ȼǵͽ׽ʿ⿴޵
ģЩʿ׷ţ
ͷ΢ۿǿĻݵԪӤʿһ浹ɱʿѾЩ
ѰҶŽʧʥʦ
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ѾǸֲѪԪӤʿֱɱˣľֻҲԶ
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ڶŽܾ裬òײҵᵽ˶˵ѩ˸ңǰ½ѰʥطŽΪʥݣûҵʥټȴһȺʿ׷ɱĶӣ̫ˣ
ԽԽߣͷðҲʮͷޣǲȥԸԪӤʿһȺ𵤳ʿη塣
ͣ£ɱȥ


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飬ŭŤһӵı޴йڱһȺ𵤳ʿ׷ɱĵܣŭգɷȻػȰȺʿɱ߲١
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ڶ𵤼ޡݷ׷Ƽľڵĳ󷽰￪ĽʿȺɱ˻ȥ
һɨ֮ǰĻңޱѪ
ʿߣҶʸضǰ棬Ϻ쵤ϣڽʿΪԪնɱ˻ݵĽʿʿǡ
ʿʮǽ𵤳ڡʮͷǽкڡ˫ʵСռšһɱʿ»٣ܾܿˡݵĽʿսҲпܣ
ܾˣʿսܡʮ⣬Ҷû취ʸ桢Ԫ潻Ԫ潫νңɲսģ
ʤУսʤĹؼɱʿֻҪ̵ʱɱȺûĹǣضңûָӣֻһ;ݽʿŻٵ͡
ҶĿԶȺзѰ˼ŶԲߡ
һʼͲд󣬸ûĴҡ
ڽʿͽ𵤼˵һٶ룬̵ʱܷԽ
Ҷܿ㿴Ⱥ֮УʿΧͷ׺Ľ𵤼ݣĻšҪɱޣ뽫Χݸɵ
׼ýս쵤ϣϺǵһ֣ʿΧͷݸɵƿΧͷݵСȦɱޣضһ֮ʿһ飬׽ɱ
ҶѾּһ߽׷ɽĿâڽʿȡ
쵤ϣϺӵͷҶʵѾǹϵģҪɱޣȺޣҶֲɡ
ɱ
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ڶʿһעҶϣҶ޷ʱɱޣʿؽһ޵Ŀս
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ҶһͬʱʩչѪȼѪ󷨣Ϊķϵ˲ɱƿ
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ͻȻͫڣʿȺһĽ𵤳ʿӿһѪ棬һ˲ƾʧ
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ڽʿųͽȺɱһƬ

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ڶŽ磬ΪԼϵ츳ܾ޵䳰ͼҲû˭һ˿һ
ΪǶŽǿ޲塪岿峤֮ӡ츳ҲӵһѪͳ߸ϵ塣
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쬣
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һͷִַòڸ߹޵˵ֱǳªޱȡصﲻ缦¶Լѿı塣˭ϵֻϵ

һͷ£ضݣԶȥ£ƿ޷ʩչĵط


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339 ʽ
ʧʥڶ̬ѾʥİأЯʥֻأ˵ŻᣬǶŽʥ
ҶգѪȶţšɸŻᣬһ鲻ɼΪŹ֡
⸱ɸŻǴʱѧԺĲֿҵرüΪ棬ж컯Ч
˱Ǳ֪ԪӤʿҲض᲻ϧһдᡣ
һֱûŪף⸱عŻֻǰԲ²⣬ĳλΪǰʿ֮ƽʱǾὫó
ҪǱ֮ΣգҲóɸžųѻȺ
Ȼ⸱Żͱɱй¶
ҶŽʥıô䵽ʿðŽ岿䣬ΪУʵܱסֻʵʸӵдֻҪ㽻֮ǰðҵĴУպΪʥ֮ҿΪ֮㻯Ϊˣң
Ȼû뵽һзʥ־ŭ־֮мǿҵļޣһ˿ͼҵ̰
ðΣݴ½ĸأڷҪѰҵʥ
ǣʥѾˣһߣһѾЯʥתֻصߡ
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С࣬ôˣ
ҶЦ
ΣգСܰĴڹž棡СѾǽ𵤼Ԫսɲ
СҡƯβͣЦ
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С֣һ𾪵
βһڶŽ綼ڸߵ֮һֻǾβʵЩλһЩѡҲԶԶ͵ĴڣޱȡԾβĽǲܷΪ˵ġǰβȻһʿΪˣôܲԾ
ߣҺ˵졣С㻹รɣǿ֮κβҵˣ㻹ʲôֶθ˶ԿĻǾͶΪã֪ġɸʥڶֻ̬ת˵˻һ
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Сֻǽ𵤼ԪʩֱԪҲ׳֡
ҶҲߣѾ֪ɸеõɸĸҪôɱҪôס

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ҪöŽǿ岿㣿룡ɱңҲܡ壬ܳκβ壡



340 ֮ͫ
Ϊ֮ףʵǿ֮⣬Ѫͳиǧµľָ߰߰ѾǹѪഫ
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ҶͷСһЦôʬƿѸٴսʧ


341 
ۼһɢȥָ֮ɫʮ﷽ԲڵƺܵʲôΧսĵطͣ裬౰
ҶƿɳԶɽڸһɽ֮ϡ׷ɱɲ֪˼һĳ֮ĽҲнϵʿ·
С࣬ղʹõıǾβһĺԻô󷨣ֻ֮ǰ˵һˡͬ䡯ܾ˵ķԱΪʲôûԱҲԻסҪȻԱ޷Ԫ񡣡
ˣʱѾ˾޴ˣԪƣҲһУԻ󣬷Ŀǰ𵤳߽׵ΪҲԻסΪߵİ˽ޣ
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ɵľѪѾľϵѪ⡢֮Ķûмֵͷʹһŭ䣬ëľ޴ʼһϹͺͺļΪѿ
ҶָһһâСİɵͷ­ǸǣѰţȻʶһܵһǿҵĲ

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ҶӴԪָġѪȼһʶɨ̨һƬÿһֶԺ֮С


344 

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347 ǲ
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ʿδֽƣЩ档
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ˡݴ½ͬʿݺҾʿĴУǾʿʱܲͬЭ¾
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ʸ潫ŵԪӤ棬һһ졣
ʸֹǫˣݵδд󶯵ϢŴŴоԶٹ̣ⲻݿɱȵġ
󣬵ǽڶڶɱޣʿءżһЩţս䣬Ϊϧ
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޵ʮ֮࣬ݵķѹ޴쿪ʼλڵӰΪһӣֱǰǰߵʮɳǣЭسǡ
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ԪӤʿǷǳеġ
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ǷģÿǰߵɳжԪӤʿ򣬼ЩڵСѣסһԵɧŽˡսۣЩԪӤʿ֡
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Ҷͻʸض𣬻صԼķڣǷݶݵͼϸ鿴
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ֻǣһζʮ˷֮£ѾʮɳǻٵԭԶսľ¹ԵѾǰߡ
ͼϲûбע¹Եǵ˿ڡСԼʿĶ١
ݵͼҪÿһڵʿ鱨̫࣬һ޵õԶʿ˵ܱ
ȷٶ𵤵ӱɢʮɳУһ罫̤;
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СҶô˵ҲЩġ
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Ҷҡͷ
Сţ֪˶ãСЩˣҲûɸҶļͷ˯ˡ

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תһ䣬˳ȻϤſڵļʿҲûʣֱһʿȥ

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Σµ鱨ʮʿվţȺԸ
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״ˣ˵ݵʿǰǾ¹ԵǰسǣôڻûЩʿ֪ûк޽ˣбҪ֧Ԯ𣿡
˵һʿĲߣòȥԼʮͣѻһ˫һۣ˯졣
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Ԫԭ׼Ļܿʵ˶϶һЦ⣬ȫȻû˸ղŵͲм
Ǿ¹ǵĳԪӤʿֻĺɫҲ٣һۿʸضʱЩһ˲Ϊײ͵ӹ֬ٿ
Ǿ¹ԵǵٳԪ衣λݵԶǰ¹ԵЭسǣҴҸ׶лλ
ԪڵؽӴҶˣһ˫۾͵ʱضΡ
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Ԫвɷߺޡ
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λʿһһԼ

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ԪؼסҶ֡
ղţʸضվҶ࣬ûж࿴ʿһֻۣ˫۾żҶ޾
Ԫ赱Ȼó
Ҷߺߣ𵤳ΪǾ¹Եǣٳĵ̣
Ԫ䡣


349 
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ΪҶʸضȰʿĵϽû޳ûٻɳһûĽڵĵӣʢ
ΪæԪӤΪͽڵݲδϯ϶
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Ҷаҡͷ
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İλѶݽʿȶٮٮ֮
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ԪսĻᱨǡ
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Ҷü˵Լʡ
Ȼ뵽ˣƷȻԪСˡԳԼΪʵΧȻԾִܾУ˵ԪҲֱȥ
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ͬʵսҲܴδζʤʱ䣬ԪֶΣѲٶĻʿȥִΣյһδ
Ȫϣŵǳ˵
Ҷ꣬ҲЩǡ
¹ǲôԪԿ˳ۣպٲҪһЩΣյ


350 ̽
ãҶѾ˾¹ԵǶǧ֧ѲСϮĵط
ʮʬ壬ƶǣԪѾ౻ڳһߡ
ֻʿ߰˽׵Ľ𵤼޸ûз֮
ӻؾ¹Եǵʿȫ
ʶΧϢ
Բ֮ڸû޵Ӱ⼸̽ӷ֧ѲСӺ뿪ˡ
ְһˣ
ƵЩơֻ·˷ʱ䣬һʲôջҲûС
Ҷԭ׼飬ɢΧȥϸѰһ£뵽ԼԾ¹Եǻкܶ಻˽ĵط˵ʵҲôǿû˵
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ȪЩˡ
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ڵͷ
ˣλѣҿǸղеķһޣǶͬһŵģ
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Ҷǣž¹ԵǶȥ
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357 ɷ󷨣£
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Ԫû뵽ЩƽﲻʿǾȻվҪҶͬǰдŭ
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Ҷ֪ʸضʵӦûʲôΣա

ֻӥޣҶȥԼֵܿԶԸǸεεŮʿǺԸҶ
ҶȻоΧķסˣ֮ȻҲʧ飬ɽҡҡ׹

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Զʸضֻϵӥ޵սѵβƾš齣⡷ʽεռϷ硣Ҷ˲ɱֻӥޣֻϵӥ޸ǾޱȣʱѾ˺ֻۣ
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ʸض˪ջ˷ɽ
ɱӥ֮󣬿ҶЦݡ


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