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001 ൱ײ
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ӵҹͻȻһУԼһѵĹ˵ĽŲڵǰѰƸϢĶŹֱһƺ¥ϡ
һ̣ŹּǱܵľʹϵӣſڼȥ
һţһǰ¥ٿµӰԾ˶Ź
ŹֱܵͷģֻΪֻոձߣֱӾδҵֻʣ¼ٿѣ¸·ⶼûѩϼ˪ǣֻ֪Ǳ͵ߵģʲôʱ򶪵ģֻ֪ղ绰ʱһֽȻײһӦƸʱļ֮඼ڣûֻ
վסƻ޴йǰ̵ѪСۣŹֱӴһ׼ӰӾͻȭȥȻƽʱǷĲһ
ͬһȣһӶֱ˶£ȴŹֵԤϣǼٿ񱼵ӣȻΪݵڲ¥תһ䣬ббŹʱһ͵ľ˳ŶŹֵĺǰһơ
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ԼǰƣŹֱһӾʧ⣬ֱֱ̨ȥ˵УŹǱֱܵҪأԱͷײ̨ףʱ۽ȴƳץŵһɫִ¶ʱһɲɶֹĿŭֻҲǱɵĴ뿪İɣ
ơʣŹֱҪӴ̨׵˫֣ͻȻ͵һתȥץȡԷеִò˵ʵ̫߹ԼеͻȻѾǿ˵ˡ
صһײŹֵĺһӾӲӲ̨ϣ˫֣ȴֻڿͽ͵Ļһ£͵ִȥ
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һŹ߶ģ
ɱˡ
ͬʱһĸ߿ٴδϷ¥ڷȴֻһɫȹŮˣգĶſĵƺûϢһĶŹ֣ǲ԰׵ľ֡
ץôôɱˣ
ɣ
ֹŹһֻ˲һס¥ڶѣԸϳ΢һЩЩոճŵٴͻļʱ׷ɫžг
ԭѾ¥սǴкҲ͵ľɲס³Ĳɫ䣬˲޵ѪɫɱˣЦֻһѰҵԺɱ˵ȫ¡
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ʧȥѪɫУֿ첽ıȿ̱һĶŹʱʱзһˮ硭㡭ɱѽֻ͵Ҳѽ
һӵİֱӾ̽ȥҡζŹֱֵۡ
ŻţŹͻȻЩ߽Ƶطһžͻ۾󣬺Դҵʹʹ̵ֱ
ˣ̫ˣûˣˣ״ȴǶʱɵã͵ķһԵĴЦŹֵӣһֲһָ߹ļˣ֤Լղûɱˡ
ûŹֺ۵ʱû㶮ԼӽĻʲô˼ڿΪԼѶЦʱǼһЦݵлл
ǺǡŹֵĵлȴֵҲڲõЦͻȻ֣ЩΧˣ񶼺ܹŹ֡
ҿڷӳ˹Լ͵ôôڣһȴְ˸ɢֱӾ͵ɿŹֵӣҪ·Ӵܡ
Ҳ֮ʣȴͬʱ¥࣬Լ¥ĹսǴ
Сģ

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ոѵĶŹ֣ͷԻ۵ҲǺѣͻȻתƿʱٴκݺݵײ
ŶᲽһ䣬۽ƲԴٶ̨ϵĶŹʱʱɫٴδ䣬ֱӾͿ˳硭𰡣Ҳǹġ治ôҰ

ٴѣŹֵһоǺԴʹʹȴǺܴ΢΢ɵڣһ˿˿⡣
΢΢һŹֻ۾ŵһ˵˱ǶƺʲôӰϷ
ˣ̫ˣҽˣ
һͷϿշ𣬶Ź΢΢ֻۣ˵İӣһֱ㷢ͨһֱֱ£ıͷ
㷢Ļζ˿˿ֱӴ̼ĶŹ͵Ĵһ磬Ҳʱ͵תƿž滻һĿͨӡ
ڸоôûﲻ̫

ŹֱҪǰˣһ֮£ȴֱӳͣĿ귢˴ԵʹҲھ޴ĳԾ֮£̼ɢ
꣬꣬һ״ӣͨͨڶԷǰȻƯת塣
00
ˮɫ֣һȥڵ߲ʵɫȥƯǳ
ǣΧƯת֣ܳô
Źֱ͵һӣӴҲ˲еľȣֱӾŷ˿ȥһȴĲװ׵չ£վˣҽһŮʿ֮⣬оһɫȹŮӡ
һ֮£Źе𾪺ͻ̿ҲԽԽأֻΪŮǰҲһƯת֣ȫǾ00
ˣֹͬƺתٶȡƵҲһµģҪʹΨһǾǰķ̶ͦȲͬתĻвѡ
ˣô£
ڲ˼飬ֱӾöŹ͵ķһУֱӡ
ķӦȴŵ˷ڵˣһͺ΢΢ֱӣͶŹֱһľ룬źɫĵôˣʲôô
֣ǰ֡
Źɾޱȣ˵ҲЩһ߾壬һ߽ԼĶ
󣬲ھһƬĬ֮УŮ˶ͬʱͷԼǰ֣Ưתɫ֣⣿
ȡôһҽһͷǴɫȹŮӵŮʿܲܽһ˵
ôˣҽôˣŮҲһɺ;ɲھĿǵĶŹ֣Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫǺܿҽָʾߵ˲䡣
ȣŮʿЩֹ̫ۡ΢΢һ£ЩŹֵĵԲܵײĺ֢ǱȽϳģȻײ˾֢Щˡ
֢Ůֱһ۶Ǿ
ǰеĿѧҽѧϵͬʱ˼ػ߹ǾͿԳΪ¥ֻһ˿õȫǾͿԳΪӡӣͳھ֢ӰͬĿ˿Ź֣ųصĵ˵ⶼתɫ֣ǲǻʲôһײҲǾˣȻ֢ĲûȷĶ壬ֻԲܵײͷ


002 ֵ
㻹õЩôڣҽﵽһϵͳļǳƺٴηʡ
ˣ濴ˡŹٴۿ˿ԷǰɫɹΧŶԷתʱ򿪿˵õһ𲻾ǰļƣʱ͵ҡͷ
Ҳ˵õˣȻָҪʲôĥ
ʵϣЩɫҲȷܹŹֻ֣жŹעһʱǲŻĸ֣ͨɨӣƽӣǾֻȥͺûһ
˴ʱҲ֪ǰҽԼϣǾǻײշ˾֢һ뵽Źֶʱ̲סޡ
죬ҲôģԼŸմѧҵ£ûҵӸĸҲˣֻ˲˵òһʱ嶯ȥץȻץһ֢
⡭ҪԺ֢ǿǾ񲡰
ţŹ־̲סԹޱȵͶ˴βǸĸĶ쵰Ůϣһץģأ
⻹ƽһαһôעӣʱ͵شһһϾҲдΣֵֵ֪زǸ͵ɾ
ô죿ô˵ǰ궼ǰץĳ˲Ҫʹ˲ᣬǻǻĲҪҪôֻһΰŹּ顢ԼסԺķãѳǸ͵ȡĲļֵˣѾһµнˮ
ţŹֵҲӿһƬƬԹ
ȡҽȴûԹĶȥǺܿһ˻⣬ŮʿĲѾʱȶסˣʵϣھ֢ǶԺó뾡ָĻҽȥԺԺľƣڹڣСġҿĲ鲢ǺأӦǳڷֻҪƼʱǺ׿ƵģǻԼһ¡
Ժҽ򲡷ȥ
ڣҲٶ˳Ĭ
ãŹֲڿЦһڵӦûˣȥˣлл㡣
£ҲֺܹҹԼҽԺѾܲˣϾƵԼĿǸʱҲΪѪģֻıĿǰʵ͸Ҳ˵ֻ¸³Էסû䣬Բһʱʹڵǰûֳŵأת˸ӡҪȻǧྣҲĲװ
Щ£ҪҲֻܹԼΪûǮֻҲ͵ԼֻŷߺͻȻðǸ
㡭ĬԺ󣬺һһȰȰŹֶһ£һ뵽ҪĻѣʱû˻Ժӣ¶ҪˣҪתȥԺ
ûˣʲôҲˣղҽ˵ӦǶԵģֻڵĲ֢Ӧú׿ơŹһ֣ž´ҲʱֱӾͷȥŹ֣иεĵԲ𣬶Ҳá㣬ԺҪٷ͸ңôҶΪ¸𡣡
û£ûˡܺԼסһ¥ϵģǸôǿǳнһ¥סʮ˼ҵ¥鱾Ͳڻ˵ѾöŹһ˿жˣٴʾԼû¡
˾ٶȳĬֻǵͷŶŹֱֵۣЬȴʱֲŶŹߡ
÷ˣߡŹ΢΢ЩΣǷ󣬺ǲֱ۲ɡ
ܿ죬˾߳˲жԺ¥¥¥ڣһ䣬ӽ⣬Ͷ룬յĸһƬ
߶˼󣬶ŹھڵĲʱȻȻľŷڿȥʵʵ˵ҲֻԼǸҽһʿҲֻ֣˾ûУĺе֪
һε֮£Źԭźһ߶ĲӣֱӾ͵ĴסˣĲڣٽſڵһŲϣһȴʯӣӲֹϴʯ࣬λҲľһ
ԷǰҲһ֣0񣬣0.6
ֵŹִһôЩֵ䶯
ôˣǲֿˣڶŹʱȴ̧ͷЩǣЩѯʡ
ûŹּæͷڰֵǳԾǸˣӣܵ˺أһȣҸղһСëʲô˵Ѿˡ
ģһ˿ɻ
ȻġŹٴΰ֣ȴҲɻǸ˵ֵΪʲôǸ
ô˵ԸǰŮӵģϾ鲻ĴȻԸϡ
Ŷ˸һ˿Ź֣Ҳ֪ңھΣ߰ɡ
áŹȻͣ࿴ۣҲֻܵͷ󣬵ߵһ䲡ǰʱٴοһŹڷϰ·ӣԷֵ0񣬣0.5
ҲǸģ֡Ȼɲ죬ɶŹֲûٶֻͣɨһ۾ͼǰߡ
·һԼҽԺվŵȺȥԺһᣬŹٴĿ˴˵ֵ
ЩΡȡȫģ0ȴڣ0.40.7䲨ܵԽأֵԽͣҽԺżһЩ磬飬ż˵֪Է򲡡֢֮״ģֵǴӣ0.10.3ȡ
Źһ·ͱԼĹ۲סˣƺǱײ˾֢ײһرֵֵôÿ˵Ľ״ôӽ


003 ǲ
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ûû¡ôһŹֲѹæ֣Ǹ߾ٴαǰԺſڴһ۶ɫֻǼ̧ŵܵĻܵԣܿ˰һ˴ӳ̧
ûˣʵһ㶼㣬ܰ͵ҽԺѾܸмˣҵнˮԺһһεסԺѻ㡣ŹһͣһŲǰߡ
õģΪ˰Ҳ˵ģҿ϶ҪΣģȻҲûʲôǮԺֻҪһһҲǼæ֣ŽţȴֶŹֵ߸ʱ˳۹ǰȥ
ͿŅ̀ţѾǰͻȻԴһᣬ˫һɣ״ӵϴȥ
ֱһһֻ־˴䣬ˣ
ˣŹܵ𶯣ȴԶȺֻΪĿֵ˫һ˲䣬ɣ0.9ԾתΪˣ1⣭1ֵҲֻڿͣ˼ӣͳɢ
Ϊ㣬1ðֱмߴΣǴӣ0.10.9֮䣿
һ·ľԶԶ˶Źֵ
˶ֵأͻȻ䣬һͷð˳ŹּľԼؿȥ̾ͷԼǰҲƯһ壬00
㣬ǸһĻ󣬶Źͷ͵ؾһɣԼûӵһص

УŹͻȻЦˣֱЦ˺һʱ͵ľͼһѱס򣬻ûûˣ̫ˣ
ǱͻȻӵһɫһϲҲĵ˵ĿЩˣ̫ˣ
ҲɵӣȻŹ˵ѾˣıֺΪȴһֱʾõҲֱڣŹͻĻĿˡһֱ̣Ӿ;øղһֱѹͷƣͻȻɢˣ˶˵ɡ졣
ŹȴԷĻֻǴЦ§УһӰͻȻͳ沿ϮӦŹ־;Լŷֳͦ͵ĵԣɢ˿˿
ֹ˫֡˫ۼ䣬һ㱡ŹָĸоһƬƬȵļ
Ͼ죬ӽµ˭ᴩ̫ࡣ
̫ˣںˣȴƺδע⵽ܵĽһֻǻŶŹֵĲͷһһˣʱΪǼ¶ˣ
ΪȵĿģֱȸԾҲűܵĵ˫ţȻһô˫ûڵϣУԼǰôһ
һ̣Ȼֹ§һӣͬʱñֱޱ
ſң֣ڻǺȷӦ˹ĺͳһҲƵ͵ƿŹֵӣ˫Ųϵ󣬾һ·ŶԺȥ
ȡŹεѾԶȥıӰҲôƺǵһθŮôܵĽӴҶԷһŮò˵Ǹоȷͦ˵ġ
ƺֱڣıǼ⣬գԼ˫ϣŶԷ£㣬ǻֳԵĸоĺܲܲ
ζƵĴ˴֣Źֲżֻ㱵ҽԺȥ
ȻصסʱһĨڴŷԼԿʲôĶûҲ֣һֱڼʺЯƷ
ڶŹЩʱ¥ȴڵһŲžͼ¥սǴ¶ӰŹʱɫ΢΢Щ󣬲ǿ¥Źǰְó˼
ķԿ׺֤ȥҽԺҪ㲹ԺҲŻȡģʱзһԿţĶҶûֻǰѵԹˣȥǶˣȥ¥ҡ
仰ӦһѰԿ׺֤ŹȻתֻĺһ¥Ʈȥ
Źڷӳ˹¶ʱһ˿ŹֵĸоԼûͬһô֪Լյأ


004 µ
գŹҲûж룬Կ״Ժͽݣ״ȴһԭҵĶڴͷһǵļʱѾڷڴͷУϣҲһȾ
Ҳʰһ£һȥǰһôһ˲䣬öŹֻԼߴ˷䣬ȻҲǺݣҲûôעⱣġ
ǺǡʧЦҡҡͷŹͻȻеһ˿ů⣬һ¥ȥлĳ嶯ĿǰЩεľƺ̫ʺϣܿѹͷ
£˾͹ˣȿĳȥļûлظġ׬Ǯһʱٵлһ̣Źֲӳȥ
ܿ죬˽ĳȥļš
ҲֻĿԼרҵˣбҪһҵˡЩεһŹִѧƵרҵǰͶݵļҲȫǹ湫˾ʦڿҲܡҲøһˣϾҪԷġ
һСʱҴ˵ҵԼײְҵŹ룬ͶݼֱֽӡӦƸ
һĿ꣬ǹҵڵʦǲУҲ١
Ԫ棬λںϳκ·϶˹ӴãһںϳҲǹεĸ߶д¥Ĺ˾вСģģԪ棬ںϳǹҵڱȽһҴ͹˾ҵҲżߵĵλþŲ㣬ֻôһҹ湫˾
Ԫھ¥ãҲǼΪˮ׼ˣ˵Ժǰһ⿪ˮأ峺ĵˮſλãһĹţܱٴļɽʯӡżмιһȥҲȷĿ
ҴҸϵԪԺЩ˼۶˾ɫŹֲŹźĲȥƿź沼üĿǰ̨ӴһǳɫƷȹųòĽӴСŶŹ¶΢Цã˭
˾ǰ̨ӴȻ඼ɫףǰҲһԷЦ΢΢һ磬Ź־ЩߣǼæǰãӦƸʦģ֪ȥ
Ŷ˳·ǰߡǰ̨Ӵһ㶣Ȼٴ¶ЦݣĵİŹָ·
лԺ󣬶ŹֺܿͰ·²⣬ʱϣȴѾĸڵȴŮ
ԼļŮ΢Цʾ⣬ŹҲûིʲô˶βȥ˶ʮӣǰ漸˶ȥֳԺٴ˽ȥ
İ칫ڣһʮҵڿྻİ칫΢΢ԶŹֵͷʾ£ſڵļ
⡣Źּæݳ˳ŶԷָʾڰ칫ǰһֱ¡
ӹԺǿٵɨ˼ۣŲɻ̧ͷӦ
ǵġŹ̵ͷȻǸձҵӦҵѧϰ
Ҽǵǹ˾ƸϢϣעֻӵйԱģ϶ŹֵƼǺɵ̽ɨ
ģϿ˹˾ƸϢֱŹȻ֪һ㣬ɻһԡ
ˡȴĻᣬֱӾɫһ¼ָ̧ſڡ
ҡŹһ㶣æٴοڡ
˵ˡȴӲֱͣӾͻֵ£ɵûԪƸдֻƸоʦô˵ռӦҲҪ֪ѧҵĻйϵĲУһļϣȴдһںϳǶֻڶרԺУ
ۼᣬºʡũ廧ڣϳʡûһϸǻһԴûУˣӦһ£öԷȥ֪ͨýˡ
ܸܲһλ᣿ţԼһƵġȻԷ̬ȼɶŹֻǲԸµľܾǲǰ֮˵̬ˣȻҲǰ̬Թ١
᣿һ㶣žЦˣ΢΢˶ŹּۣЦһλ
ҡŹֻ˵ʲôȴֱӾֱԷ
һλ
ŹֳûˣֻƵվӣ뿪ԪʱӴǰ̨ӴЦۣڴʱĶŹУȴôҲûʱ
գĴ˾ô̬ôվڵǰŹ̲סһ
ôһӣһھ¥ͣſԺ󣬶Ź־ͷߣ̧߱ͷڵһӰȻ鲻ѣעܿÿһ̶ֵ̰ڼѾɵϰˡ
һ֮£Ź߶Ĳȴ͵һͣôһֻſڵڣһֻſڵ⣬Ƭֱ̣Է¶ԵĲɫʱŹֲεļһ˿Цݣͽ˵ݡ
ֵ֣0.7ǲǸ˲ˣȻڻһݡЦ֮󣬶Ź־ߵݺһ˼һٴ͵͵ˡ
һȥ˧أ͸©˵ĳӣһĺƤЬһͷ֮£һȻЩ㲣ȴɺܾ
ֵǣ0.2񣬣0.7


005 ڵ
ŹǵãҽԺڣ0.5ĲˣҪôȱ첲ȣҪôľͣǰȴǹˡ
ˣһֱʲôǶŹǰĹ֣ԼֱʱԹڹ͵ǵĶԷˣڲӣһɫ΢Ŀ˿ڣǾ¥Ԫģ
ǣǸŹһ˿ΣԼһֱôԷȷܲòԼæڵǸԥһ£΢΢ѹɤӵλûоЩ
ղֱӿڳ񣬻̬ȼΪãǶŹȻɻǸȴܶһʣϾվ£ɼȻԷѾܲˣȴʵĺͣͳ̬ȣŹ־Ͷһ˿øС
Ŷ㻹ῴɫɫһ䣬΢΢¶һ˿Ȥ̬Щӣȷ״ǰ˲˵޶˶˵ľʳżḹۣ֢״ȴΪֻǳʱĺ֢ѣԸû⣬ҲֻмеӣڼǰԼȥһȫ죬ƺ챨Ҫˣ£Ҳûôϣôǰ꣬һ۾ͿԼЩˣһֱôĶԼ
һɡŹٴ΢ЦȴҲ˵ֻǵĻһϣȥҽԺһϸļ顣
òҽԺİɣڵļÿɲͰһ㶣ȴҲЦǴȤ
ǺǣȻǡŹҲˣҲٽʲôԼѾѹˣҪǲȥԼܲǿŤȥɡ
˼䣬ݾ͵һ¥˭Ҳû˭ֻ֣ǶŴȥ
ʣµСһֱжȹֽҹ˾˾ȻҲûȷĴ𸴣̬ǺЩֻȥ֪ͨ
Ҳֱ߳һҹ˾ĴʱŹֲһԴһ⣬Щ֪ͨǲӦڿֻûһ
һҪй˾ϵǴ˻᣿ֻһֻŹһۣûǮ˰ѾһƨծˣֻҪ֪ЩԼƣҹסԺѣ̫ܼͣ˹ҲҪʡԼü²Ǯ򡭡ֻȱá
֮£ּıϳǶгһٶһǿõľָֻֻԼǰĵ绰룬㶨һк󣬶ŹϵǮˡ
һֱϰ˵࣬ĸϻ˼ңֱ֮ӾͳŴȥ
ҲĿϢУһֻȴͻȻŹһžһϲ֪ͨˣ
ץֻһЩܿʹ˹ιǶô
ңǣŹּæش𣬸ǰԲ²⣬λĸ˾ˡ
ԷӦһƺһ˿ǾУһ˿ϣ磬ڹӴõ
㣿ŹͻȻˣⲻǸֵΪ0.7˧ˣôԼĵ绰
ҽ磬õ˼ǰļ鱨档Խˣҵ˰֢θӽڡ
Ź͵ľסˣָֻܿ˹ƺ𰸣ֵ֣Էֵӽ˵ֵǻо֢ҲĲϡ棬һ̣ŹֺܿѹƽߵĺźϣĲܾκá
һ䣬磬ǲǿʲôˣŶŹֵĻش𣬵绰ǱߵͻȻͼҪ֪翴ҵĺܹ죬ǰȥʱҽԺҽΪвֻΪ۹ȡ
ֻǿ˶ѡֹһ䣬ŹֲЩƵĻصǸҲֻǾɫеѣźôһ䡣
绰ǱߣþûлֱŹֶΪԷĵ绰ѾҶʱȴٴ⣬ȴһתƵ˱𴦣Ǻǣ絽Ԫȥƽʦ
ףԡŹ΢΢һǿ϶Ļ˻
Ǻã˵Ϳȥϰˡڱ꣬顣绰ǱͻȻʹһЦʵԪ棬һִġ
һ̣ŹͻȻ뵽ˣǵԼǴӾ¥߽ݵģô챨ҪԼֻҪشԪԼļҳСЩǰģϵʽõոջָĺ롣ΨһֵֵľǣǴԪϰ壬Ԫڴþ¥Ϊʲô¥Ȼ˽͹ܲˣҲùܡ
ڣԼȥȥԪϰࣿԷڻ˼϶ǿԼƷΪƺԼĲа
һ뵽Ź־ЩЦԷǣҲ̫˰ɣ֢ǿǾ֢ȻҽѾõ˴ĸƣǽӽڵİ֢ҲǱȻΪԼһ仰ҪӽԼҲδ̫Ϸ˰ɣ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֲŵˣǼͶҽҲҪҽʵǡ
ǺǣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԵԪϰࡣұˣҲǳϣټ㡣ȴŹֶ͵Ļᣬһ仰͹˵绰


006 է
ڶ죬Źٴ˸磬ʰɾǱ󣬾͸Ԫ֪ԸݹǿƷҲʤݹԼѾԼĲԷɼ֣ΪʲôҪ
飬ȵ˹˾ʱʱ仹˵ʮ֡
þ¥Ų˴ӵ߳Ź˳Щδͬʱڼôһʱżм˴֮⣬ʽ򣬶ŹҲ˿Щֱֻǰߡ
·ǰ̨΢΢ֹסӣ˼ǸõֱȥƲʱһȴӺסˡ
㣿ôˣǸԶŹֵ˺ܿʹӲ˹̶һֺζŶŹִ˼飬ͻȻЦô£ѵûн⣿ǴԪû㡣
硣

ʣܱŽ칫ҵĴԪԱȫͣתʺãһвͣ½ŲĴ˶Ź֡
ŹҲֱڲԷĳƺһӣŹҲ⣬ֻǿڽ͵ϴ绰֪ͨңҽϰġ
ܣĸܣ⻰΢΢һʵ
ŹҲЩɻѵǸʱû֪ͨǰô
ʵ򣬶Źֻ¶ˣڴԪľԲҪһССĲŸͣع˾Ѱҹ˾ԱµԼ½ӦƸԱʱѾϣѾ°࡭
ô˵˶ŹֵĻ֮ȴͻȻЦˣǿŵЦ˼ĶŶŹֵ˵ˣ㲻ĻнܿЦôģΪʲô֪ʦʲôƴѧŵҪȥ룿
⡭Ź΢΢üʱȴٴαĴϡ
Ǿ仰뿪ҪӰǹ˾ϵɫԽӲͷ¸Ǵ˾ڵҪ˾ˣôܻ᲻ǰ²кűеôȻ˵ɵĻƭˣ˵ܺǣϹϵ컹ҪôǸǳ
˵Լģֱֻ˾ëԼѡʱ²ܾԪ֪ҵʹķʽģĲû
˵ŹҲԽǰ棬ŭٽ͡
ǣ㻹룬ֱԽأëԼٴһû㣬ҪٲߣҾͽбȥˣ
ֱһתǰ̨ӴŮӵ֪ͨñơ
ǰ̨ŮҲһܶŹ˵Ǽ٣溰˴ñƵˣǳҲδ̫ѿˡ
аôйˣɫһ䣬ֱ⣬ֶԶŹֵڻлԼ뿪ǴñߵЩҲûˡ
գЦһмֹʲô⣬һũСӣҲĺ˼ˡ
ʱܱЩԪԱҲȫһĿɿڴԭأעһĻȻû˵ʲô죬ɣԼɲͿϷ񣬻öŹձֱӾһɻĸо
ŹָΪýϽĵųףԷ￴˳ˣ֮󣬶Źŭ𷴶ʢũôˣѧҵôˣⶼɶԷ衣
ʢŭ֮󣬶ŹַЦˣǾ仰ҵ˵
ԼչҪݹģ̫ʺϳէͺһͷͷܣȻڣĺȥ΢Ը̬պݺϼȭ
٣Ϊʲôܾܼȴٴһǰ̨ŮӵСգ֪ͨñû
֪ͨˡСȻЩ̣ǵ˵ͷ󣬸ǰĿͶ˶Źϡ
Źŭȴ֮ǰҲ벻ð취治ôѿı˸ϳȥԴԾͿʼ˿ٵ˼ͼæóֻҪĺ룬ֻóֻԺ
ϵЦȴͻȻ͸Ũˣ¶ԶŹֵıӺ˼֣⣬ҲֻܽõˣҲ˼˵ʶ
ܶԷΣŹóֻǿٲ˺룬ŹƵʱǱֻ޷ͨźŲá
Ҳʱ칫ĵͻȻھ¥ͣȻʹ߳˼Ӱ
һݶ죬ԼĽŲΪǴõıˣʱͷҲصָŶŹĵǴԪңҸϳȥ
Ҳʱܱ߼һֱԹ۵ĴԪԱԼǰ̨СȴȫǶ˺ãܣ硣
һ㶣
תͷؿʱͼɫЩ㲵ֱӾͶŶŹųЦݣ˾ŹֻкüͿڵˣǺǡ
һ仰һЦݣڣԼǼԱԭеĺɺͿϷı飬ʱȫʯŹ֣Ȼʶܣ
ǣѲģͻȻ;úͷЩӣԼľƺЩˡ


007 ܼ
ܣ硣ŹҲڶŴ󲽶ʺãƳһһԴľȴǵһҪ汻˽бϳȥӿɾͶˡ
ͷͻȻתһ͵棬ղ˵˭ǴԪң
仰ʱɫȴǼΪƣһƬСռ˼ԪԱͶŹһˣҪ˭һĿȻ
ԴˣȻûкɫŹֿģҪǱ˸˳ȥҲڵ˵棬ⴴԪܲһĶ⡣
Ѿ֪ԼŹЩͻЩͿˡ
ȷõǷݲ棬֪Լθʱֱ簤һӶκģϾһͨˣͻȻ֪Լ˰֢ǽӽڣǾƽʱԸٳȵҲڴʱһ
ڻŹֵһμʱı֣ΪʲôصҲŹڵ绰˵ģͶҽ
һҹ˼ǴĿֻ˹Ȼ֪ŹԪϰһл壬һʮͷС꣬ܶԼİ֢ʲôҪаǲǻ֮ˣѹ֮ǶԴ绰ŹֵΪЩЦԷǡ
ɲô˵ˣô˵ҲǴ˾ܣ˵ȥĻóȥˮȻ˵ˣҲֻôˡҲֻǸŹһʦĹѣڵԣ֮ܳΪ¶
浹ãȻĶˣֽβŭǣȻʱѹ˶԰֢ĿֻţȴǼΪŭģΪʲô˰֢Ϊʲôôù
ΪһӾײ޴緢Ļɽڡһļ⣬ǳ˷ŭֱӾŵ˫һͰ͵ĵܡҡ
ʲôУ²ģλģбˣǴԪĴ֮ҿǲˣҹȥú÷ʡʡޱȣŭѵĶ棬һͨ⡣
ǡܡһңǾֵƳһۣ̾ͻŵ·ȥ
ҲǵʱֵԱҲһɢͷԵİ칫ȥ
ֻ¶ŹԭأΪ˷ŭΪʱЩԼֻܿΣһҪԽԽ
Ǻǣ߰ɡйһ֮ͨźЩͶԶŹֵ
˺ܿ͵ִܲð칫ҡ
һϷţŹ̾ͿٴνͣܣĲ飬ʵźֻԼǰĪϣܻǾȥҽԺơ
Ǻǣ֪ԭŹֻ½Ͳ壬û뵽ȴֱӻ֣ĻңȷЩͿˣһԷڴԪϰࡣ
Źһͣϸ˼һ£ŷӦʱ˹˿ǰһݹӣҲЩϧô͵˰֢أ
Ǻǣнˮ棬ǴԪһ£һǧ˵ĵнɣתΪʽԺ󣬵нǧû⣬ͿȥƲˡҲ˶Źֵɫת䣬ҲԶŹһ˿øУĲܺԼԼԷʱȴֹһεԼԼûòҲһѣڣǾˣԼȥջɡ
û⣬ллܣౣءŹֶнˮȻЩԾҪ֪ϳˮƽߣ֪ԼЩС˾ʦͬѧͨǰ˾Űٿĵнѣһӷһô᲻ԾҲֻдԪִҵ˺õĸ
ȥɡٴλӻ֣ڶŹתʱٴοڵˣҵ˰֢£Ҫ
õġŹֵͷߡ
Ҳʱܲð칫ҵĴţȴͻȻ򿪣һʮͷӾʹ˽
ˡһŹȥϣŸտڽһƳŹ֣ʱЦſ˿ڣǣæ
ŹǶ¶һ΢ЦԷǰֵȻǷ񽡿£ŵõֹڻû湻״̬ȻǼ˾۲һ¡
󣬶ŹֱһĽŲͣиǷһס
ӵֵ0ľֵȻǣ0.2ҲԣڶŹֵ£ֵͻأľʹӣ0.2ɱˣ0.3ִӣ0.3ɣ0.2ټأ0.3ػأֵһƵʻҪö࣬һֱôסĿڣ0.2ͣ0.3֮Ծ˸
˹ֵȴöŹֱӾüͷӾͷ˴㱼䣬ŹָǾԼĺҲΪעӵԾֶ͵ļӿࡣ

һҵŹͻȻǰһ·ͨ˱ʦҡĹұƵأһֺ״̬


008 ٴ
ǰȻһŹͻȻͷԼȻһܹĿռ䣬ռûκ壬һƬƵģֻзԲ״СɵĿŹָҲԼĴڣ˵ڵû壬ֻһ۾۾ȴǰ360ȫλľɫȫս
ڿռڣ֮⣬һƯתȦ
ģ·һֵȫΪȦȦŹ־Ѫĸоͻ˵Ȧ
ڼ⣬һȦǾǸһֱڣ0.2ͣ0.3֮˸ֵȴΪ0Ȧ󷽣һ0.20.7Ȧ
ǸꣿŹֵʶڣһ˿򣬲ܿģھһʾڿԷԼڣһЩˣǾǣƶЩȦϵ֡Ҳ˵ĳһȦϵ֣תƵһȦϡ
֣תƣ
Ź£ͻȻһɻĸо壬ϵֵǴÿһ˵ĽôԼôƶǣѵ԰һ˵ĽתƵһϣ
⣬Ҳδ̫ˡ
󣬶Źֲû˳ȥ飬룬ѡǸڵ
ҲһѡƵģŹָһѡ͸еǰٴһڣ漴ǴٴۣѾӵλĸ֪
Ҳһ˲䣬̷ǰһֺܹԼ治ɻԼ񡣻ĸ˱һֱֱĶſչ鶼Щġ
ǺǡŹּæһ˿Ǹ΢Цٴ̧žߡ
ȴͻȻɫһڵȵȡ
仰ǿ첽ǰһסŹֵǲֿʲô
ĺܲ죬ղŶŹһֱ޼ɵӵΪȻ۵ˣ꣬ʵһС浽ǣͬ룬Ҳ¥ˮزܡҵʱȴЪԾ񲡣ʱ򣬾ͻճմ˼άңƽʱȴͨһһ
ͱڵͬ룬Ǻ棬һвŹ֣ΪʲôҲ˹ĶôãԼʱ仹Ҫã
ɻ¾ҲԱƽˣȻϾǶŹܶİ֢а췽ҹ̷ĲѰ֣ȴɶֹĲһ˿ϣ
Ͼ˭Ҳһֱ֢ĥڰ֢Ǿ֢ҲκõϣȴҲҪһֱͣڻơסԺƵĳجֻҪˣϣԼĻ
ϣⶫûҲͰˣֻҪһͻ᲻ɶֹԽԽӴǣѾǵһκٴεϣǿɾǾԱǰҪӴˡ
⡭Ź΢΢Ȼ˵ʲôҲûɼһкϣټŰԼһѣǰ꣬ƺѣԶŹ־͵ǲҲЩʣ
һ㶣ͻȻһ˿㾹ȻĿˣ⡭
ˣŹ֣ȻǸˣҲƽˣͬûо񲡣ҲһӾ͵ˣ⾫񲡣ǲҲܿóɾ̫ˡ
̾ͼĵ˵ĲͬȷЪԾ񲡣㡭

һУֱӴӶŹֺͬзͬ뾪ãûϵѾȻԼľ⽲һİŹ־ãȴǾֵѵǶӦһ˵ĴԽ̶ȣղֻ˵ԷǲҲ岻ʣΪǾֵӦʲôڿƺ¶ˡ
ͬ룬˵ʱȴǴͬǰֹ
󣬾ֻͬ𾪵Ľеʲôθôܣ
С㣬һ̫֪ȴٴεѹƣžϸһֹţͬͱżŹֲͣɨӣԽԽ졣
ֱƺŹָղſʱģҲʱЩ
Ӻֹͣ˽̸һƽ˸һ˿ϲ⣬ͬһɲ֮ɫҲԲ٣Ҳ˵ʲô
Ź֣ʱҲָƽֻŸôȥ£Ǹתƣô¡
ǰһ㱧лɣΪܶҵİ֢аڣҲ֪ԼˣͬĲƽʱǺͨһһģһһ۾Ϳ˲ԡٴߵŹǰҲ֪֢С㲻һʡҽ޷һһۿͬǷв㡭
˵˵ţͼ㲻ǰԼţǰư֢ǶŹһβͬѰı֡ٴðϣ֮ȴٶ˼Ͷҽ״̬УԶһλҪǿңϾйһصĹȣʲôˣˣ㣬Źֵı֣Ҳȷ̫ˣȻץһƵأңֻҪκҵĲǮҶ㣡


009 ŵ̬
㲻ɵ˰ɣСӣư֢Ȼղ˵ͦģҲͣȻһֱһĺ֮ɫڻɶŹ־û˵ô棬ڣͬһ仰󣬻Ҳ̲סҪβøϿȥõҽ˵Щʲôã
һﲻǸƭӰɣǾ仰ɻҲԽԽͬԺͻȻðһͷ˵ղ˵һֻɺϣԣǿ϶һʱɺϣٲȻҲɵģϾˣ˭ûⲡǲģУҲֻ˵˶Źֻǿܹ죬ȻȥҽԺ壬Ҳûȷָõǰֻ֢˵СӴƭɹʿģֵ꣬ǰ뱲ܲۻһ㲡ʹ˿һɣϵˣҲ˻ؼԺõ֢棬⵱ϵҲˡ
ԽԽԼ²ȷͬʱɻȥð˻һѧᣬôʿԼĺѿǧܱǰƭӸƭˣ㲻ղŶ˵ʲôˣֻҪŹְǮ
ƭӿǰԼѳƭϹˡУԼð
뵽ͬʱͱ˵㣿նǰɣҲʲôĿģƭͬѣǿûţСӣʶÿߣҪȻֱӾͽ˸ߣ
ͬ룡ͬĻȴһɫ䣬ֱӾϳڵĶŹ֣ǰجεϣ
ͬȴһ֣ڿ϶ϵˣҵģҲ˵ʲôֱӾ绰˺룬ڼǿֹǰֻ˹ȥ
źôͬ룬ˣ¥Ԫϣ
µ绰ͬԶŹֲмĵ˵СӣЩϾ͵ҪٲߣǾҲûôˣ
⡭ŹҲˣʵڸղ˵ЩʱѾЩ⶯һˣôҲҪһԣϾԼҲܺ棬ǰһ˵ֵתƵϣܲãͬΪȴװͿˡ
һﻹ£ʲôģ᣿
٣㻹ߣҪÿͬҲױͬ룬ҵĵط㵽ôҸ£Ҫ֣ҪǸҲ
ЦڶŹѾľݣôô
ͬȴĻţֻбɨӶŹ֣һɫ
⡭ŹЩ֪ˣͬѾˣߣ
ǧҪ˵߰һϵԥʱ󼱣Ҳ˲ͬ룬ֱסŹֵ
ܣ᲻ֵ̫󣿡ŹֲֹЩ֪룬ǺƣֻһݹѣôôⶼϡͿĳЩʲô°һԪ²бҪţֱĳһ֪ĵܣٴνҪƫƫԪ¡
û£û¡ȴһţ漴תͬͬ룬֪ΪҺãӦ֪ҲôͿˣƭӺ͸ˣôֲܷǰҲǲŶܰҵģɸղŵҲˡ绰ǰ»ȥҪ˶
ȥҲϹһĹƻѹͲҸƭӣͷڸɩӽ£Ͻȥƣʡ㱻Щ˿ƭͬȴһ֣
㣡۾һӾ͵ԲˣŭĿͬ롣Էȴɺ⣬ֻŶŹ֣˱ĺͳŪ
ôĶУ칫ܿһһƷŮͻŻŵƿš
ܣܣ桭
ͬ룡㵽ôһĻţԼԪſڴĳ֣ʱٴδŭ˸ߣ
˵ͬʱ쿪˫ۻסĶŹ֣һš
Ҳø㽲ͬҲɴ࣬˶Źһֱۣӳߣ߱ߴź⣬ģܲð칫⣡
ٻȥ֪ͨ棬ˣѹ˾ԱȫټǣҾͲˣҵĵ̣һҵĹ͸ˣҲŭˣֱӶŮһּæתŶŹֵģҾԲµġ
ܡܣŮٻȴһͷǰ⵽ô£˾ҪȺŹܺܲǴС浽ô˾һ¥ϣͷ
ȥȴһתͷֱŭٻ
ȥ־ģͬҲȻ£ǹ˾̲ˣȫֵ׳ԪȴԱϾԪ˶డ
ҡٻٴһͷ˭ģ
ȥٴŭȡ
Ҫȥͬ벻ֹڣסٻȥ·ȴ͵ϣסӣٴζٻһ䣬ٻŻŻŵ˳ȥ
Ͼϰ塭
Źˣ⵽°Լûʽϰ࣬Ҫ˾໥ȺŹԱûأϰͿˣ⣬Źһʱ;ãԼʱرһµĺá
ű߽뿪ܲð칫ңֻͬ͵һֳ֣˹㲻߰һҪң
Ҳ٣ƭӣͦߵѽƭ֣Ҳ٣ͬҲȴֱӾͱһתס·
Źֶǰ֪亹֪ˣͲϰˡ£ղҲôˡ


010 ţƵƭ
ľУŹû뿪ܿ죬;ۼһȺꡢꡣ
ЩˣѰ칫ĵ·ûˣ˾Ͷ첻֪ܾʲô񾭡
ܣܣǣ⣬һʮңһװ˶ĿɵɵĶŰ칫Ťһͬ룬ɨɨһһκεĶŹ֣ǲ˽ͬ뺰ʲôӣʮ¥ˮز̲źᡣ
ܣ˾Աˣվźģ棬ʱҲһ֮ɫֲ⵽Ǹʲô
ɵվŸʲôְͬһ仰ʱԷ׷ɫ䣬֣˾ҪȺŹôɫʱͬȴָŶŹִеҰƭӸϳȥúýѵһ£
Ǹңȴͬ⺰棬ǸҰˮЩһϳȥ˭ҪĲǣ
ৡ
Ŀ⣬һӾȫ˶Źϣ飬ƽʱϵǳδǴƵأ˾˶ΪǸŹ֣
ЩĿǻɣ𺳣ûһףһ﾿˭Ϊʲôֵֵܺزƭӣ
٣Ѱɣθֲ񾭲ͱС䣬ΪܰκθҲ̫ˣ㻹Ǯϸҿ񾭲񾭲ְͬȴǺһֱҪ˦ȴһֱѣʵڹգֱӾƿڴһ仰ǺŶź˵ġ

ʮԣԭۼڶŹϵĿһӾתƵͬϣָӹ붢ܵθգϢˡ
Ҳֻһ٣˾ȫŶŹֿȥĿȴ˲ţ˵ʲô˵Źư֢ƭأܻ˵Ǯϸ
˵Ŀͱɢҵģбĵģзŭģв˼ģ󡭡вĽĿ⡣
ҿҲ̫ĵˣΰ֢ǻϰࣿ
Ҳ̫ˣܶţǮϸǲƭ
գ˵ƭҲ̫ţ˰ɣܰܺƳ
ԭǸƭӣ

׷զզľУźȴһ칫ңһŹ٣Сӣͦбµѽƭƭˣ
棿ʲôٲ֣жְԪģˮһÿ˷һٿ齱𣡣״ȴǴ󾪣ֱҲ

ٴһƬ̾һٿ齱⣬ҪҪ֣
ô˵ȴһ飬ֱӾһˣȥźᣬͬʱ˵ϰ뱻ô

֣
٣壬Ҹ綯֣źȴһ㣬㿪ڵĳЦʱֱԪԱӱȥʱַһС

⡭ڸô죿վڰ칫һߵĽŹһ߲亹һߴ칫ŤһƬˣͷȴǺ£ô
ⲻµģҪ˵£Ҳе£Ͼȵĳô󣬻ûȺܣڿⲻʮڴܣȻЩ壬ЩȴǱ׳ġ
û뵽ôģû뵽ͬôͣϧҲҪߡ
ϡ

⣬ʱвҽͨĸԪԱһˮģܶȲ϶ԷȴҲԵռϷ磬ԸûӰ쵽Ź֡
ܿ죬ڶŹԾɲ֪ôǺʱˮ̲Ա뱻Ť˳ȥͬҲżŸ˳ȥ
Դ¿ˣԸƭӶңݣ˵ǸնŵģţȻҪÿŤųʱָͬͣ
ȴǸֻǼæŹǰĵûܾɣ
ûûŹǶЩ鴤ҪͬĽһȺڴԪô죿һˣҲö˵ʲô
ܡҲ˹ǷŹֵĿ˶ŹһۣСĶ
治ܲùŹ֣ʱСӷ⿴أϸΪһ٣˭뵽һﾹƭϧԱ˾ԱˮȺܣܻ˵ֻҪŹܾǮϸοƭ
Ĳתͷǿ϶һ䣬ŵȳȥŴϣҪκ˴ҺͶ
漸һһͷȥЩŵĵһҪҰ
ȡŹЩһŲŵܣܲҿǿǡ
ǣӦõģӦõġһǣȴǴϲֱڣ⻹ǶŹֵһڿڷɶֱ׵Ծܾ


011 ת
Źٴεͷȴ˼תȻΪͬǸԾֵļתֵҲ֪ϸأͱ磬һ˵תƵвϣвˣܲܿм㿵ˣǱתֵˣǲǾͻ˵ò
Ͼõǰ֢תڰѱ˵Ľתƹʱȴİ֢͸һˣǿɾֲ̫ˣŹ˵ͲϾҲʲôĺˣֻһļͨꡣ
ţŹ־Խе֪תϸˣɨһֱޱȵĶԼŹһͷֱӵܣһȥƲɡ
ããʹȥƲһ㶣ּæͷ
󣬾Ĵ£˺ִܿƲ
ԪƲܴһԲųУһʮҲһߵɣ˵֮⣬ʩãװʲôģԳƵƯˡ
ִƲԺֱӵʮʦ棬һ֣˵עҺãΪһλͬ£ҽһ°ɡ
ҺãǶŹ֡ŹֱôעţЩ˵񣬻˱ĺͲмϾЩ˶ΪƭţĽȻ̫
ãӽ𣬶ǴԪһԱˣһӭȻŹֵĽƺ̫ˣҲûϻŶŹһЩʱء
󣬾һͻȻָΪղŵĶƲҸϳһʮ㸺ŶϤһ¹
õģܡæͷȻҲΪŹƭӣԼܶô˵ˣô죿ֻܵͷ͡
ǺãҼٴοڣתԶŹЦǶȻȥ㾡ܿǡ
԰գתȥǷʱҲ¶˼ΪƵЦݣԶŹֵ롣
ڷָ£Ź־ھ뾭칫ҲԶһ̨յǰ󣬷ٴİԼϵһЩưһЩϿ˶Ź֡
죬ȿһϣϤһ¹˾ڸĹ棬Ժ˵ʲôģ㾡ҡһ仰Цźܿ췵˾ҡ
Ź֣Ҳڵǰ
ò˵һߣƲ칫ɾˡ
ûиİƭˣ
û¥˵ܿ˵ˣֻҪܰβܶǮ
գһҲţģҸ㴵ΰ֢Ҳ֪ǲԴҲô
٣˵ƭôƲʦƭˣҪ⹤ʲô

׷զզĻֱӾöŹüЦԼƭˣʲô취ҡͷЦ֮ѹ̽żȥоǸתơ
ȻҲ֪Ǹռ˳ǲǻܽȥ̽Ż뵱ʱ״ҲڶŹָһǸԾ֡
ԺоһǷת״̬
Źִϲ̱ʾͬ⣬һֳ̣ǸĿռڡ
һû壬ϴһѪĸоŹֻʮסתȦʱһ̾⵽Ǹʲô簡ԼϣôӶ˹£
תƣԼĿתЩȦϵֵôǿǴĽԼһ˵ĽתƸһˣǺǱת߾Ҫõֵģֵȴ
ֵŹ񶼻ûмһ˵ֵΪǾôɻ󣬲סӿ֣ŹʵڰͲס棬һԼжʮ׵Ȧ´תƵ
Ȼһ˶ʧһЩֵòҲֵ֪ʧ٣0.1ֻظðѣ˸޴󰭣û̫˼ɡ
Ҳһ£ŹͻȻǸĿȦ֮һ͸Բιܵ
Էԭ0ֵҲͻأķֻʮ0.1ֵ
ʮ0.1Źһ죬áĿ⡱һ0.1´תһ̣ŹͻȻͷǰɫһ䣬ԼȻһϣӵ壬ԣһƬںڻǵĹĿռ䣬ʲôûУʲô壬ֻôһĵ·ֱͨǰ
ǰ·ȴһ޼ʣԼԼԿһ޴ſſûţƺһƬ貵ǿգɢһ쳣ϤܰٻٻŹָϿȥ
ò˵ŹȴͻȻֲһ˿죬ƺԼ϶ʲôƵأŤͷһŷ־ȻһƵ0.1ֵ˺󱳡
ȴƺû˿û˿ѹ
ֻҪ0.1ţǰֵתƵ֮ϣҲͬʱŹͷٴηһ˿
תƣ˼򵥣֮󣬶ŹȴһϲֻҪ·ߵβתƾͳɹˣ
ɻϲϣԱȴͻȻһ޴ĺ¡Źһæתͷֻм׵Ȼʼ±һʯľɢޣֻŻĶŹֱ֣Ӿһ·ޱȵĿռȥ
ֻüһУŹһֻվҲɢӾȫ׹գû˺ڰС
һŹ׹͵ľۣͿǰĵԡ
תʧܡԭ߹ȥ·𽥱ֻܵġһ麹ŹֲŪ˸ղô£¶ʱһ֪һȥ;Իӿ񱼣ﻹͣǸ


012 
ֽ̾ת״̬ҲʱŷǸղűתƵĿ꣬ʱȦȻ˰ɫʮһףĿǸȦ0񣬣0.1֮⣬Ȧ벿λԭӦĵطһ0.1ֵ
Źֶһٺ󣬾Ƕ0.1´ת
һΣŹҲһʲôҲܣӾͳǰܳʮ׺ٴοʼһһ׵ʧ
ʧٶȣܿ죬ܿ죬Źּ񱼳ʮףżͷһѱƽףʱһٴҧͼӿٶȡ
һӵȫ񱼣ǰ׳̵ٶȣŹֺܿͺ٣ͷðżͷһƳȴֺ·ʧٶȣȻάһ⣬ʱٴŵɢٴμ١
һӵȫ񱼣ŹֺԽԽˣӸЩƣǲһ㺹ˮٶҲȸղЩ·ʧٶȣȴǽ׷Ųš
ôܶ죿Ҳܶ죿һ˿죬Źָոշһ˿ͻȻһŲȿգٴ׹˺ڰС
ľѣŹٴζŵԷ˴һΣûֱӽת״̬΢΢񣬿ǸתֵĿ꣬һ֮£ʱǸӵаɫȦʦſ˯˴
ŹջĿ⣬˳˼ղǸģѾ۵ˣɵȵԺʵȴû˿ƣۣѵһжıûӰô
룬ȴ벻ͨŹٴνת״̬ͷִʱվ壬ٴγ˻Ҳû֮ǰһ˿ƣۡ
֣ôȥһΣˢһƵأֱӾ״̬Ȼɻ󣬿Ҳٲ˿ͣ٣ֱȫӺٴЩƣʱҧȫܣһΣ֧ķӣٶȲų׻ǣ´ʱٶȱǰһֹĵ·ȴû̵ٶȾҲǲ췴ǡñÿһþȫ
һУ̫ˡŹֵɻԽԽ࣬ȴҲҷֻ̫࣬ȫܣÿһþķȣȻתƾ͵ôͷֻǹķӣŹֲֻһĵ·ͨһſڵϣûˡ

صǷһŹּѵֱ̧ۣȴֱۼ̧𡣶·ʧٶȣҲ𽥻ָСֻÿһľɣһӺ󣬶ŹֻһУ˺ڰС
ȡһȣǰŹֶУʱͷַ΢ЦƺǸ
ŹֵĶͷӿһ˿亹ԼղŵģҲ͵ɣոϰ಻СʱΪ͵˾֣ƤٺҲ̲ס΢΢ȴ˾͵󣬲ֹ֣¶ǸЦݣ
ŹҲӿһ˿ɣֻΪͻȻ֣ʱԼ壬ƺ΢΢һ˿ı䣬ǾǲǾ״̬ҪȸղźһЩһ֣ƱǰЩ
֣ôôоѵǸռ۵ļѣ
ҲڶŹһ亹һ˼ϵ״ʱһŭ⣬ȴҲʮ𣬡԰ôģû˯ôһ˯Ҳ̫˰ɣ㿴㣿ͷпͻĹû͡
ǡ
ŷŭ⣬Ǹ԰ļһȴ͵һĹǷҲĿɿڴı飬ŬĲżһ˿񣬡Բ𣬷ʵ̫
⻰԰Ҳֻǽһ룬žһſڰ칫˯
͡
Цʱڰ칫԰Ҳδ̫ţˣ˾ѵҲܼ˯
Ϊ÷һһף˵ʲôȴֿ԰ƺ˯üΪ𣬸õʱָָ̧԰ζ˼£һ֣ߡ
군ˣһ԰˿϶ñ۹ʣϵҲýȥɸˣʧ϶ء
˵д顣
칫ҲһƬ˽һƬ˽УŹֲԶһʦȴͻȻ˶ŹһۣЩмĵղⲻҲһ˯ôҲû˵ʲô
һԵʦһָ˭ʱ͹ŹֵЦ٣˼ҶţܶϹϾģ˵ʲôô֪ƭӣǵЦţ
Ǿǣ˼Ҷţݣ֪ѧʲôưֱѧƭˬ
ЦĻϻĽĵ̾öŹ˸ղŷȷǴ߹ʱķӦȷ̫ɶˡ
ŹεԳһ£ֶ԰Ǹ򣬱еǸ⣬ֻΪǸ԰Ǳ0.1ֵʦ
ŹҲ֪ԭ0.1ֵ˵˯֪ˣˡ
󣬶ŹҲ˼ټ飬ǿѹº棬ڿжȹһ죬°ǰЩǣ¥ϵͬĽ˶ô죬°ʱȴţͬһޱȡصҺ󣬴ҴҳŹ־ͼϴתƿռ䣬Ÿһ귢ת
ڼңǼһ˯ɡ


013 һ
ٴνԺ󣬶Źһȫķӣٴ۵˳һλȴĸоԼ״̬һ˿
Ź֣ͺһռһЧΪԡ
Ժ˸ŹŹֵͷŹֽתƿռ䣬ķӵŹֵ״̬ٴǿ׳һݡ
һҹʱ⣬һֱڲͣıжȹһ붼ͣЪÿһ붼ȫжȹϰٴȫ̧СĴָ壬ҲԵٶȣһδεĲסøǿÿһȫѣĸıֻһ˿һһٴμıҲǺԵģѾʹֻһ·̣𲽽ӽȫ̡
ɫ΢ʮ֣Ź𽥽ӽſһȣһӾ·ʧʱͶԾ⡣
һ̣ŹٴһƬޱߵĺڰУͬʱԭѾѵУ۵壬ͻȻչÿһëףһɹɳĸϴˢԵĴÿһһӾ
ͷƤըЩΣּ泩УǸ߳һ̼ĶŹҲûһ˿ƣۡ
һһĸ߳ʱӵͷһһ߶ȣʧŹֺܿͳ޾ĸ߳Уʧȥʶ
ٴѣŹǱĶչɹѵģԺ͸оԼЩȵһԾ𣬶ŹֲŸԾķ֣ԼȻ׵һǰôĶ
00.1תƹˣŹԺһ˿ϲһȭͷ̷ǰһ
һƿȵǰȫһӡλ̥֮У˼
һѵ0.1ֵҪͨǿһôŹвһͷ̾һˣҪٵˣ
óֻһʮһ㡣
𼱻ǵĿ´£һ·ϣŹȻɻ̽Ӧµ壬ͷ֣ͻ0.1岻ٶȡǷӦǰ
Ҳ˵0.1ֵƺǴһȫܡ
õŹֵ𺳿֪һϣֻһʱ䣬ȻԼȫһЧʣֱ漣
ô˵ϵԪʱѹ˷ܺͼתΪһΣԼѾûһ˿ӡ󣬿ԼڵΪҲȷ̫ˣڶϰͳٵĸСʱ
٣֪֪֪ҲѡתưɡüЦУŹεҡҡͷǰ̨ӴСշĿ⣬ͼߡ
ò׸ϵƲոŶ룬Ź־汩
ҲԣҲٵˣҲôݰ۵ҵȫڲ˵ⷣ٣ϵҲˣδ̫ƽ˰ɣ԰ʱĺߣͬʱЩĪôͻȻô˯ǳ˰ҩһһ˯ͷֱղŲŸϵ˾͵֪˷Ĵһ£ȴʧһǧҵнˮȫںͷ˵ǵӵɿ߰˰ٵģɲۡ
ߣ㻹˵ҲʲôӣȴҲһķŭָ԰ͼǳ⣬ҲʱŹֲŶ룬ŭʱȻֹεľͶ˶Ź֡
ֹƲʦҲȫĿۼ˹
ԲҳٵˡŹҲǷΣæǸͷȴһ࣬Լɻڰ
û£û¡ô˵棬ȻɺΣǿЦտʼϰ࣬·;ϤЩġ
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̾öŹһģɨ£ʱֲͬ¿Ϊӡ
ˡУŹȴǰһܿ췢԰ʱֵȻȫָˣֳɫ
ѵΪȻǱתߵֵֻҪ˯һָܻ
һ˿ϲŹֱ߱룬˵ԺֵҪپж٣ֻ0.1ֵȫһ0.20.31أֻߣһԺأҪ˶ãܱɳˣ
٣Ƥ񣬳ٵ˻Ц
ΪأƭҪƤʲôƭӣ
ǣ㲻ٵˣҽء
գ賶
͵͵Ļ̸ۣ̰ѶŹִӾϲоѣһΣʱԼôЦأȻǸֵȷֵþϲ
ĵͷԼİ칫»Сʱ͵緹ʱ䣬Źԭȥ԰Ǹ߲ʲôأû뿪λͱסˡ
㡣
Źһ漴Ҫظء
ʵҲȷˣõıϾǰ֢ŹһǾôãôܲ
ܲð칫ںܿʹȶŹŶʱͼһ¶һ˿ЦݣǺܿӭ


014 
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ʵʵ˵ŹֻûǺãֻΪԽ֪תĿֲԽò⣬׸òð
һҹʱ䣬һ˵ȫһǶԼأӦҲаġľôһһй¶˳ȥͻ˶Ȥиȱʲôѧһ߹һǵʱ򡭡
֪ǸˣһۿҺͬĲԲ򵥣ֻҪϰңʲôӦٴһ˿Ҳ֪ȴȥҽһСʦ϶ԭģİңҲйġ
ܡŹٴοЦҲ㲻ˣ£벻йܲйôô˶֪˰֢һֱȥƣ˭ỳɵġ
Ҳʱٴο˵ʲôȴͻȻһֱӾθ͵͵ķҽʹ
ܣŹִ󾪣æסɳϣû°ɣ
ҡֻǶ̶̼·ɫȴѱһƬҰףûһ˿Ѫɫ˵ǲסķ۾ҧأҩҡڴ
ŹȥȴʲôҲû
⡭ˣߡġ̫120Ҳ˾ı飬϶ҧ
һܳŵ120ôŹסˣһٵ˼ͻȻԼת·ʱң϶ڼܲ꣬޷תֵڵҵѾȫһӦܺܿڣһڹ̽ңͻȻ˴ҩ
£Ź޷һǰһ˼ҲӦòôðգֻƾŶԼξͲܻɡ
ܿٴνתƿռ䣬ڰ֮һȦȦʼתơ
ǣһζŹֲûгϣȻֻͰǸĿ0.1ֵңŷȦ
ʮӶԭǣ0.7ֵڽǸ0.1̾ͱˣ0.6
ŹȻΪתֵΪʲôף˳תƿռ䣬ͷȻ˯˹ȥ
ϣҲֳ˺ΣƸղǰûһ˿Ѫɫ沿Ҳչ
ڻǾĿãŹֲžһӦԼȻʱһΣ˶©ԼĹǸ⡣
ò˵Źĺܿ־壬Լ©ˣǺȻҲԤУתܰβǰҲֲ̫ˣһڣֻҪΪʩչߴתƣİ֢Ȭ
⽲ȥ¾Ի˶𾪵ԼӸʱ϶˶Ȥ
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Ȼ뷨δƣɶŹҲֻοԼҪȻڻûӦԵİ취ˣ뿪ԪżҲѰһждһˡ
һ磬ŹֶЩ겻ģֱ°࣬Ҳûκⷢȥһܲð칫ңȴ˯Źٴ΢΢ҡͷֻܿЦȥ
ȻصסʱŹ־ٴοʼΪԼתֵ£Ҳһ˿裬ԴʱҪǿһЩ˼ҲŨˡ
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ҲѡĿ꣬ٴνǸʱֳһǰȻıǿҲ䳤࣬ƺҲպһ
գתƣɵҪԼתƣôôѣŹֻüһֿʼ˼ޱܡ
һΣĴΡһҹͶظҹһУɫ΢΢ʱŹֲһԾǸ޴ſ򣬸žֲľС
һΣһ˯ʮ࣬ȶŹٴѺ󣬾;ϲޱȵķ֣Լֵ0.2ĸܣҲƺּһҲ˵ٶȡǱȣ൱ͨ˵
һλ𼱻ǵĸȥϰ࣬ԼԼЩˡ
ҲڸոոϵԪʱǰ̨ӴСȴֱӾŶŹֵšˣȥܲð칫һΡ
ŶŹһǺܿͳȥ
ˣлллл㣬Ҫ㣬ҿܾ͡һŹ֣̾ʹЦӭĻҲһƬֿ£ֻɺϣߵ̫˴ҩ
ʵ֪˰֢ûȥȴΪԪһѪһʱԷ£ž촦ƺٷȥҲΪ̫ϵԪһֱǣҶŹֿǵĽ˴ҩ
ò˵ʱȴЩңûҩ»ƵöŹֳأڶŹְһκǾûɫͷҲǰö࣬ɾԱȳԵЩҩöˡĵ£ԶŹֵĸм;ҲŨˡ
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ȥ԰
ҳ⣬Ҵү

ĻظһӻͰѡܽޡˣʵʵ˵治֪ŶӵôӴܽ޵ˣףԼ˺ҽҲ˼ˣЩһɣҲܻԼǱ˵ײǣ
ܽٴοһԾͳԣ˭˭ҲǶҩһ治ܳˣӣǵţӳԺˣһҶﱲģ
һǴظӿǰΪܽڮŶͶģڵɵñ˺ģӦû˻ôɵƣΪ˼ȥЩҩ
ò˵˵̬֣֪ܽҪ˵Ļ϶ɵƵΪвߥȥԵģƺ˶⿴һɵȽȽ
٣˵ԣô֪ǸүǵģƵҿҲҳԣ
ǣ¼񣬰ѹ¼ҪˣӾͽү
ҪԣԺӣҲ

ܽ޳ˣǸӣֻƽʱͶЩֻ˵µרҽڷУû뵽ȻչֵزҪ治ԣԺɾı˵ˡ
ʵϣһϲû⣬Ͼֻ磬ؼԼҪˣһعȥǣڵĵص㣬ǣ˯֢ĵص㣬һ¥Ѿ˴˸Ⱦ˯֢ˣʣЩˣҲ֪ûиȾ㲻Щҩһ죬ָǻɽҽԺԵܽҲ׻ȥˣٴοһ
ãӾ﷢ھȥЩҩֱֻọ̈̄ǣǾ͵Žүүɣ
һܽ̾ߣžȥҩҩĹУǺܽڸҩѯһ飬֪ЩҩԲǶҩû˳ˣҲʲôΣ˯һ󣬲ġ
صҺܽ޾ֻŰҩֱ̣ҩԽǣǿҵ˯⣬Ƶϡ
һǣûүˣԺүǵƵߣ
ܽŻصϾͺ˯
ڶ죬ܽǱһѵģȴ򿪷źͿ⼸װȫĹԱȫĿɿڴĶ
ףû£ΪһԱɵɵĿܽޣʳһֵĻ
ϻҵȻû¡ôˣܽˬأֱӾͻʮĻһ䡣
ǡⶰ¥һڣȫȾ˯֢ǸԱղţֻ⼸ϰˣû뵽һ¥ʮȫȾ˯֢һȻǽģ
ȫȥˣܽһ㶣Ͳ˲ԣɲΪԼĵֿô׿ֳլУֿͲˣͻȻ뵽ԵЩҩˣҩЩҩǲǣ
ʲôҩԱһ׷ʡ
ܽҩͳЩǰȻ缼ܷҲȫÿһ˶ʱ̹עϢģ⼸Ա춼æŲˣ̧˾ˣصҲ۵ðл
һ̧ܵģȻҲָǻǾͨҽҩרңõЩҩ󣬼Աһͬͷԣ
áҩѾ˳ԹˣԹڻģûиȾ˯֢Ϳ϶Ƕҩ
ЭܿʹˣԱæסմӸڷ̧˳ȥͬ£ܽ޵ķ°ҩܿ죬һҩǼƬҩѾ˯֢ԲѵĻк
ǻͻȻ͵ӣסֱ۷һߣŻͻһƬһƬˮ⻼߲͵۾ɨһȦŲֱۣڵϾͺ˯
һĻȴǿܱ߼˶Ŀɿڴ
ҩЧûЧӦЧɣǶҲ֪˯֢ģʲô취޷ѣղһ˲䣬Ҫ˵ЧôҲֻƬ̣˯ȥˣ
ڼһƬУһԱȴͻȻһһϲָ˵ࣿһڴࣿ˯ǻ˯֢Ļ˯
һ仰׾ˣǰ˯֢ģɶǻԲѣ⼸̧ôˣû˭ģǸղһڻʱҲû࣡
ЧЩҩȻĿ˯֢
һʱ䣬⼸׷ˣڹʵҽѧרҡڣо˯ֱ֢ڻûһ˿ȻǼ̧ܵȳһ
ˣҿǰӣô⣬ԺӣƵߣʲôŽޣȻǽޣֻнжѣҰƵȥ˭˵ʱϴƭӣǲҽͬʱܽҲһЦϲĶԼֻղž˯֢͵ŻʱѾһѶԷΪ


020 
һƵϺǳ׷ˣǼԱԼǸµĵܣֻҪģͻȻԾ͵֪ʲôڿǻ߾ȻŻ£ŻºȻ˯ˣȴڴࣿ
֤ǸҩĲ֮ͬƵܽ޹ǵͻȻһʱ䶼ĬˣдĻظӿ˳
ҩȻЧ
ϻ㲻˶ˣ˯֢ߣ˭ࣿ
ƵòǼٵİɣڹôҽרҶ˵⣬Ȼһͷҽˣ
ƨУ˶ԣҿǸʱҽ
˵⻰ЩˣǻȥԣЩҩǲЧ
٣ҪЧʱǸӣҽöˣŽڵĻظ
УֻҪβˣ˭ʲôڲڵġ

ۿƵˣһЩѻǣܿͷ׷ȥСҩҩҩߵ˹ºһֵ÷ӦʱΪֹϲѡ
̫ˣҪЧ˯ǻԣʱϴֱ̫ˣȻҽ
٣ʲôŽڰң˼ʱҽ޳ȷҩȻҩһǴöֱǳûôĽڣ
ף¥ϵѣҼϸ㻹ʱϴǣ
ʧʧⲻǱʲôڵͷסô֪ܸģĪɡ
ҿȥҩ֪˲࣬ϿЩҩԤȻȹһӣЩҩ϶ۡˣٴԸлʱϴ󰡡

Ļ֤ʵdsʱҩЧǸöģdsʱӣһֳĿĽ㣬һΣЩظȴȫ˶dsʱĸм׷ԼŭŽڵġ
һʱתҲΪ֮Ŀࡣ
ϳǣеһҽԺմһ߼߳ԶŶͣͻȻͱڸļ߼Χסˡ
Ŷͽڣ
Ҳȷͦ˹ĵİôһˣ
ǣԼû˵ˣȻڮ˼ʱҽһֱ˯˵˼ʱҽҩˣȥڮ٣ҲȥҩڿɺãЩҩ򲻵ˣⲻô
ǾǣðҩȻ¿ô죿

ͻ̾ŶԼҦ˶סˣȫ֪⾿Ƿʲô¡
ôˣŶͷˮʱԱһҽԱȴǰŶͶߵԺ˯֢ƷѾˣ֤ȷЧ
ģ⻰ŶͶʱϲҲ˲ԱЩ˵ӣֱӾ׷ʵʲô취
ȡԺҽ̳Ǹdsʱٴ֤ҩĿԾ˯֢ǼҩѾ챻һˣö˶򲻵ҩЩ߼˵㺦ǲȥҩֹҩҽԱһ˿ΣԺ£ȷ̫ɶˡ
Ŷ˲˴ͣһڿڵҲú
淢һУŹȴ˿֪һλظʶʱӳԺĸоǻ塢ȣһƬϸ˲ļḧšһ㲼ϣǾ˵ĵҲһҡҷ
֣Ϊ˫ֵĴгһŹּæ̧ͷͿԼ֣һµ°ڣһǸһƬգ֣޳ܵŶԷԲʵĴȡ
Źһ㶣ϿžͿҲΪѶתͷĺȻԷϣԹźĿ֣δڵüǣҲѾ

ʮ룬ֱԽԽ죬͸ʱһļУ͵شзͼæӣŭĶŶŹֵ㡭㡭
ʲôҲûŹҲǼվӴ£æֽͣҼ˯ˣ¥ҩι˺Ҳˡ
ڸȾ˯֢ԼĹ󣬾͸ĵĸҩЩҩǧҩһһץһ飬ղҵԳ˯֢ҩ
Ŵҩһɣҽ̳עһ˺ţҩϣЩʱΪԼȫװֻ¶һ۾⣬Ŀνİã˷֣һкŷؼңʼҩԼһһֱ˶ºŶסЩҩİҩɷ֣˯
ǵԼ˯ʱſڴ˯ģ˭֪һ˯ѣȻ§ź˯ˣһ˫־ȻôҵطһֻڶԷ⻬ĶǸһֻ˼ҵĴȣֱҪ̫ˡԼѵ˯лͻȻôɫ
һղŵŹһҲ̱ûǾȵľͰ˫ֲ󣬵ò˵ʱȴͻȻһ˿ϧΪղûʱഥһǶ˵ļϧ


021 ನ
Ȼһ˿ϧܵŹҲ̾ͲԼ޳ܣʱôΪϧأԽԽΣŹһҲԽԽ죬վӶŤ
ôƬ̣ͻȻһͽУôˣ˯֢ûҩôҵҩУ졭ҸȾˣ
⻰ߣȴԽ˵ԽͣղһĻȷŭѣŹΪŸȾ˯֢ŲסεڴߵĻƺʱҲ֪Ǻˣ𣿶ŹǾȻܷ𣬿ɸмֻͨѰɣȻԼ˯ôã˫ֻһֱʵмõġ
ţһͷ󣬻Ȼ֪ǰһĻ
ѾϹҩŹҲǵ͵͵Ľһ䣬ҲҲһĬڿڵûˣˡ٣ղŵ£ĺܱǸ
仰ŹֱӾ͵ͷȥ
ֱ뿪סһ󲽳ԼסȥصԺ󣬶ŹֱӴ򿪵Ե½ҽ̳ȻѾҩ֮ûע治֪ôǸҩģѾûǷҲ˵
̬̽Źֺܿͳһ󾪣Ǹ̳öӾǰٸĻкмڱտʱҽĻظŹһʱ仹ЩԽ˾޴ת䡣
ֹһӣʱҽ̳˯֢вйϢ
ΣбӢۣdsʱҽ
רҽʲôʱҽЬ䣡
ǿҽʱҽʵϢ˾ҽû
ʱҽﳤһЩר˵ղ󣬿϶ҽ֡

һһϢŹȥͷȫǳҽ߳ôҡҾڶ޷ߣ׽ɴ˿ɼҽǶô߳˾ֱӷ˵ԼﲻﲻϣʵϢʩԮ֮ġ
ЩŹֶʱЩЦãĹԼʵϢ²ǵʱ˭ȥԻΪǼðġ
ʱȻ׫ԼʱһҽˣʵȴǴδѧ˿ҽëͷС갡˭dsʱأڵм
ô˵̳һУ˵ҩӦеãһε˯֢ҲŰ˶ˣͳѹ˼رҽ̳
ʣµʱ䣬ô죿رҽ󣬶Źֻһ㷢㶣ֻΪԱҵΪʱ̡
ڵõǰһֱΪ˶ܵоûжϾһεĩΪͻ˯֢ôҡ
ǽˣ˯֢ҲˣͻȻ;ЩˣоܣԼֵ
룬Źֲûô͵øУֵ£һʱŹ־¶ŵԣ½δϵqq
Ҳյ½qqһһѶٷϢͽ½˸
˯֢ʷֵĸΣȾԼ
ܻϢļҲȫǹ˯֢ĺȵµļϢʱݾͱȫйˡ
ϳزҽ֣Ƴ˯֢Чҩ
ĳ֪ҽԺϣƸdsʱθԺԺ
˯֢ȴڴߺdsʱˮ棬ҽ
ſţŹֶͷðһ˿亹һε飬ִˣ̳Щֻѷʲô㣬ѶһްҵȻҲйϢ
ڶŹֶͷ΢΢ðʱһµѶٴεŹִ򿪺۴ҴһɨʱѪĳ嶯
ǹ׷ҪdsʱãΪdsʱʹʷֲ߲δһûdsʱǺܿԴʮҾſգ߼ϣdsʱǣԴл֮
գãôô
ǿѪĳ嶯ŹֱӾ͹qqҪһֱôȥСĸζܲ˵ġ
ʵǵ͹Լãһε˯֢ʷֲĴȾȻÿֻ֮ǻԲѣһȥûд󰭣ò˵һֱ˯ˣܳϼ죿ԲȵģҪ˼ͻñչˣôֲĴȾԣֻûԽԽ࣬˾ޱȵĶѭ
ҪЧҩĿ죬Ǻǲ룬һӣ͵˵ȻǷ˹ע
ٴδһЩվŹֶʱƵķֻ֣ҪǸվй˯֢ţԽԽģŹֱӹ˵ԣתƿռ䣬ڸ˸ֵˣͿʼתơ


022 ¹
ܡ׹䣬ǿһתƣȶŹٴδƮƮɵ˯ʱֵѾ0.4֮˿ŷʱ侹Ȼֻʮҡ
Ҳȷٽ翪ʼתƵģתƻ߸Сʱ˯ĸСʱʱȷ̫硣
ò˵˴ʱѾûһ˯⣬ֻ˯ĸСʱ¥һҹУط󣬶Ź־ٴνתƣһΣûгתƣһδΰӵٽǵţֻҪٱһΣתʱŰʶ巵ڣϴˢԷ
ֻΪټ˯һΣʱһٵʣµһαܣϻҲ١
ӵĳһ裬¥³Щ㣬Ź־ʹҴӴøȥȸϵصʱʱѾ˵ʮܶ๫˾Ѿϰˡ
ǳٵʮӣ١΢΢ЩεͷŹֵȵʱ˽ȥ
Ҳȥťʱ洫һͺһ¡
ȶŹָ΢٣ǺӰҲС˵ǰȿԷģʱȴ΢΢һ
һһңһļ˶װβŮŮ¶ļֻһ֣ף׵Σ͹µģڶ̶̵˶װ£ֱӾͶŹ΢΢Բۣ΢΢̾һá
ԷĴ磬ҲƺеϡˣǸߵд¥̳ϰ崩ܣӦƸƺҲ̫ˡЩ΢ʣ̧ע⵽Էòʱٴ͵һͣһĹһںĴ۾ǺڱʯһУҶüСɵıͷ˵ĴߣĹճһഺŮòʱŮĶͷм˿ӨĺȥֹûƻϾòһʻװε¶Ķ
崿ഺһװһݣöŹһ˿ĸоƺŮǰԼѾЩƵġǣҲֻʮϾƵרԺУ
лˡŮܵǰǳָڰťϵĶŹֵһлһվ˵ڡ
ŹҲߴӶԷ˻ЩЦҡҡͷ˦µĻУȥť
ݰťʱԲԶȴһһܲһ¡
찴󣬶ŹֻûӦվߵŮ͵ؿڣֱһ֣ŶŹֵָͰ˰ť
ᣬȵң
ڵŻϵһ̣һһһ˶װŴܵݿڣŵڴС
λԻͣ߹ˣңҪٸҸҲŮȴǽŵŵķ϶һ
Ⱥ֮վŵС
ŹЩɻʱ΢΢һ㶣úÿĴһջĻȣڵ壬㲻֪˿ܲòô
壿ŹֱǰһڣǾɵգԼôˣ
ʵϣŹֲϣҲֻŮһ꣬ɹؼţһйоصĳ¡㣬׷ʱеĶŮУȻǲͬһεˡ
ȥ¥ģڶŹ΢΢ʱŮͻȻֵڵ¥㰴ťֻо¥ţʱЩŭĿڡ
ǡŹֵͷȴЩԼȥ¥ŭʲô
ϰ໹ԣûôˣǴԪĶԲŮִ˻УҲȶŹֻӦ͵һȭͷ֪֪ԪһжŹֵˣ
Źһ㶣ٴϸǰŮۣԼģⲻܰ۵ŮܱǰʱԷֵȴһ00.2
ֵ⻹һμӵֵ
ˣڻڲڴԪҸæҳһҪһÿߣȻƭҰְ֣Ůȴսȭͷ΢΢ǰ趯
һŮӣŹֶͷ΢΢һ˿亹ƭףԪģŮбԼƭֻһ0.2ֵ˵Ůϸ첲ȵģܣȴͨ˵⣬Լ˵ģȻûԼȹһε¸κˣ
ŮôˣѾǺڴˣʰһƭӻǴ´¡ŮŹŹ֣ΪƲԼʱͷ
ҲʱȴͻȻһһ£ž͵ͣ޴Ĺԣõڵ˶ͻΣŻסڵĵҲͻһ¾Ϩˡ

һУֱӾʹӸղŻŭдһ˿С嶯Ůзһ̣Ź־͸еһỬ壬͵شܽڴܽԺֱӾͲֱۣһУֱֱӿĶĤ
ڰУŹֵһӦ£ǲ𡭡ֻΪŮڲִټ䣬ֱӾõĽһ룬ŹֱֵۣһԷͦ䣬Ǿ˵͵ԣֱӾЩԷĴȣʱҲĴȣһ㣬ټһ˶ĲϣҲĺٴУŮڲͣı߼бɪɪ
ΡŹҲ֪Ǽ˷ܣҲӡʱƺǸ͸û᣿һðͷŹֶøˣҲͻȻͶԼЩԼʲôʱôɫˣ
Ȼǰļ￴ϡٵŮһ˼һ࿴ۣҲûȥͰ


023 żʹ޶
գŹֻɫûɫܿóֻһСƬռ䣬ֻĻŮ͵ֹס˼УһѾɿŹ֣ҲҴóֻ
ֻҪֻʱͻȻһ٣žͶԶŹֵιʲô֣
Ź΢΢һСܵȴûΪղŵĴ̼ͦԼ֣ƺ˵ԷԼ˵ģ˵ȥ͵ôԷڵ̬ȿɲǰ裬ӵбȳ˸ߵöܣʲôڴΣȻֵŮҪһ鷳ԶŹ־óһѧѵֵź
Ŷҽᣬ绰ô÷Ͽ޵ݰŶŶŹֵ
û÷ĵ绰ŹЩΣҲӴ÷ĵ绰ûУǴԪҲֻǵĵ绰ڸ绰ǿ²ȶԷϵͳˡ
Ǵ˾ֵ
Ҹϰû죬˾ﻹʶʲôˡŹٴ
ʱҲˣô죿Ҳûϵ绰ҰֽȥҽԺˣ˵Ҳܴλ͵͵ģҪȻỤǸƭӡ
ȡŹĲӣסľ̬󣬲ŵǽԡ
áȴûע⵽Ǳ࣬ӦһͶû˰ûˡ
谵ֻĻҫ£˾һ˺üӣҲ˻Ӧ
浹ùˣǵ˷˵ɡӵĴ΢΢ЩһͻȻԶŹֵź㾿ϲʶǸƭӶŹ֣
ʶŹҲֹͣ˺һ䣬˾ΪƭӣԻһӡ󡣡
ʲôкǸƭӣ͵˵ģǸ˲Ŷʮң͸ƭҰ˵ΰ֢ⲻƭӣʲôƭӣһᵽŹ֣ٴηŭҪǰ˯ֵ֢̫ף͹ˣһҪÿߣ
壿ʮ¥ͬ룿Ź΢΢ЩȻĨһ亹ֻΪڵĴȷЩΡ
ˣ֪֪dsʱǰ˯֢ôĿӦ֪ɣǸ޳˯֢ҩϵҽһdsʱ浹ͻؽȥЩ㽵ĵҪdsʱ˵ΰ֢һţϾڹôҽרҶ˵⣬ܱô϶汾£ô֮ҲûϢأһȾҰְء
ȣŹ͵ؾһԣԸһƬңǽܲ˶ʱ˾޴ĽǶתƭӣҽ
ôˣһŹֵķӦᵹ͵ذת˹ѵʶdsʱ˵Ǻϳˣ⻹ǱͨǸʱipַƶϳġ
ʶŹ΢΢Ʋһ˿Դǿ϶Ļش
Ҿ˵ôʶdsʱ˶ؽdsʱʵϢأͶкöǮҪʶﻹϰడͷ
ͣŹȴǳһԼʵϢ
ǰ㲻֪ôϺһﳤȥҽԺʱԺ˵ɹʲſһļ۸dsʱʵϢϢɻˡҲ΢΢ԾϢϳֵģѾռ˸վͷͷϾᣬ100ֻΪһ˵ʵϢȷС¡
ǡŹָЦһ治֪֪ˣƺҽ̳ȷ˷˵Լﳤһ
ι˵dsʱΪʲô޳˯֢ҩأЩЧҩûжڻҪȻһܷƣ˳ôͣҲ¶棬ѵһ㶼ںǮôٴοڣʱ̸˼˿档
֪ŹֿЦ޳ֻΪھѺ󣬸ԼʱξĶѡڶڻһЩҩôҪôˣºʮоŸ֪dsʱ
ҹƣһѧţӽǮѧߣĴҽѧҡȴûעŹֵĻشֱӾĽȻᣬеǮϣˣеɵҾҽ϶ȱǮһ£ĺ£»ǸŶڮ֮ҲȵĲƽϣֻԼжǷǣˣֱ̫ںˡ
ţŹ־ͲԽԽŹˣǸоһŮԼеżһ
ôˣѵѧţ黳ȣȫںĴҽѧңֵ˳ôܲŹִĻʱЩյĵ۵
ûʲôŹεƲͷȴǷĹŹ֣Ů֪dsʱϼöŹָ֣ʲô飿
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ԭռ䣬Ҫ׻ǸܣֻлǸһģһĿܣܽһתƽ׶ΣΪԼһԺֵ
һӿ֣ŹڻȻ⾿ô¡
֮ͻȻЩǸܵٶȣûг̫࣬ϾܿԷĶü񵲣ò˵Ǹ̫ˣһ־һʵд飬ۿ˶ԷĹ켣ȥʱȱʲôҲ
һֲֿоŹ־̲ס˸Ҫһתƽ׶ΣԲһ׵¡
Ҳֱʱ͵һԭռ䣬Ϊĥʵսɴڵġ


029 ѵ
Ħռ壬ŹֱӾ˷ȱģȷʵսɣֻΪǰûдһμܣڼǰᷢͻʱŻ˶ôǱ⻹ֵڶԷһԵʣʱֵһĶ֣Ǻֱ󡣿Ҳռڵһ붼ֲ֧ˣͻᱻֻɱռڣôνʵһΣȻ
͵شһŹʶʵսһ˵ҪԣֱӾֽռ䡣
һεľһǿ֣ܳн䱸ȫŵĶŹ㳡ģֻǣ˺һҲκð
֣ôԺвһʣŹͻȻ͸еԺǿҵľϮŵæͷܣ⶯ֻһ룬ԺԴʹһҵʹ
󣬶Ź־ٴռ䡣
ΣӶֲԭǼһֵĵص㲢һǹ㳡ġ
ٴռһЩԣŹƵԣֽ˿ռ䡣
ȷޱȣô˵ҲӵгʮһܣһͬĶֵǰȻζûֹ֧ͱɱҲ̫˱ˡ
ʱŹֲٿⶢĳһطһֱ䱸עзΧܿͷǿܿʼҲ෽ʮᡣ
Ժ󣬶ŹֲתԿܣ˷̬
ܿ죬ǿܾٴιΪһһֱڿעԶŹִʱνʮ㣬Լ϶ǰǱ
Էƣдҵƿ׼Ĳ»£ŹһҧֱӾͻӳ˫ۣһȭԷϮƣһ΢̧ס˲

Źֶһ룬Ǽ˶ĿܾȻ͵ԭһ٣ͺһбԽ󣬵ȶŹҲæתʱȴͻȻеһۣٴʧȥʶ
ƣ
ٴѣŹֱˣǸָ潻棬ֻƱܹĸ񵲣ȻһҲ̫ˡ
󣬶ŹֻǺܿͽռ䣬һεĶֵܵУв£ŹֵķӦٶڼӿһ֣ǿתȦűԷԾһȡ
ȷǿķӦȻʱķӦѾͨ˵ʮˣЩһĶԱȫͨȣķӦٶȻѾķ룬ӵֵͬĶȣķӦ̫ˡ
Ҫʱ״̬ǾӵУȴûбȫգҪϿѵܳ׷ӳʵ
һһεĲɱһһεֱǿܻɱ߰ʮΣŹֵķӦٶȲȫķ˳߰ʮԺ󣬲ܶԷٶȶ죬αУ޷ԽŹֵķ
ʱ²ӿ˲ɶֹϲãǵסˡ
ÿһζһû꣬ΪԷĹæӦԣȻ֮öŹǱһͿչױǼһԽһɱ
ҲǱһߴһߴҴҸı䷽ӭʱǿȴͻȻ͵غˣվڶŹǰ״ֹͣ˶

ŴУŹһ˿ɻѵһˣ
ҲʱǿֶˣֱӾʹԭһԾ˫ƣŶŹ־һǰһӭͷ¡
ԺˣŹһһҧֱӾͻ˫ۣҾ˫ӭȥʵʵ˵ڱܻɱʮΣȴûŹͱһӻ𣬴ʱѵãȻŹ
˫쵽һʱӭͷµֻƣȴͻȻȫһΪĵ
ͬʱǿܵӷ˲ģյǰֻĵֵӰΪĸλŶŹֺݺѹ¡
ÿһֵӰдžҵƿ
Ź͵ؾ͵Բ۾ĵƿֵĸ棿ĸǼ٣ȫģ
ֱ棬ֱӾԾӱܶȥĵֵӰҲһһ׷һΡΡΡ˫ٶȶ࣬ԲܶŹӱܼΣĵֵӰһֱ׷˿ûзɡʵǷֲô޷ӵŹһԾмæת˫ȭͳелӰȥ
ۡۡ
յƿŹѡֵӰڽӴȭͷֱӾ۵һ׷׻
ٵģȫǼٵģŹһ㶣ֵӰͷֱǿ̬ݺݵĿĲϡ
һŹֲѹһϾ¶һЦ
ǷӦѵˣʼѵʽٵˣѵ˹죬ǿʩչʱ嶼ˣֻĵζֵֻʱѡȥֵһȰһֱ׷󣬶㶼㲻


030 Ӧɱ
֮󣬶ŹƤŷЩˣղŰӵеķӦ׿ķ˴ʱ䡣
¥ЩǱռ䣬ʼǸٵѵֻƯڿУûκȫһģһӵǿҾֵ˲£治֪α
ҲöŹƵĵطһΡΡĴΡΡ
ÿһζڲ´Ժżܲ¶һ£ֵֻԺһΣҲֻһΣȥֵֻֻ´һӭ£µöһΣµöԵڶΣŹȴһֱ¶ԣһѵȥٴΡ
ٴԺ󣬶ŹЩܲˣĵֵûκιɿԣҲûκβҪôܴδζµöԣѵһεֻһЦ
һܣЩƣ־òܣǶһ޶ģȻôһ
ԶŹھɥһ󣬾ͼʼѵٴΣƽÿӶҪֵɱһʮΣŹֵѳǧΡ
ҿܲˣһǧΣһֱȥܡŹٴЩѵЩֵܲɣֻԼʱû뵽
ǲֻΪŰɱԼֵģаٴνռ䣬ŹÿһζϸֵֻΣܣƵǣֻҪֵһ֣ͻԿ޵ٶһδַ££ûʱ˼
ʮεŹֲı
ҲٴޱȵĽռ䣬ϰԵ׼ʱһɹĸоֵֻӵµͬʱͷԺ
ĵһƬͷƤëֱֱë׶һŹ˵񣬶ֱֱģֵֻʱĸо˽Ŀ־С
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ף
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죬ֵٴηɻأֻ˻һΣֵֻȫǰ£Ǵ˷ȫλǿϮ£Ȼһα֮ǰΣգŹͷðĸӦͲǰѵĽӦֵסֵֻĹ
죬ֵɺ󣬶Źڵȴ˸һ˿ŹֵɫֻΪڣͻȻѵռ䣬ֵŰɱǧΣΪɱĸӦ
һǧΣ׽вĹ⻹öŹЩЦãҪǻʵһǧô
ҲڶŹֿЦõĵóʱֻɵֵڲ˻۵һɢ˿Уһٴӿĵס
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ŹǰһڣٴܿܵĻʱѾԼصתƿռ䡣
ܵĻȴҲµı仯ԭֻܲ鿴һƽ淶Χڰ׷ԲĵشʱȻչ˷ԲףҰ·ĴͿռ䡣
һ̽ȥŹľͿٸȦ򾲻򶯵ռڡ
ףôռ䣬ҪɱǸôĵһ˿ɻ󣬶Źֵ˼ά΢΢һ͡
ͲٶˣȻռôֻķӦٶȺͶϢĸӦЩɣչѾȥˡ
һ˼󣬶Ź־ͰĿͣҶ׷ԲڵȦϣڿԼµתˣȻҪһԡ
ӦһĿ꣬׼תʱһͻȻٴη˼άڡ
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΢΢ЩЦʱŹȴͻȻһ㶣ΪͻȻһֻǾ0.2ֵһҪͬһͬʱȡ
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ԭ
һ˿ϲŹͽǸռ䣬Ҳ˼ʲôֱӾͿʼһεļ޿񱼡


031 ھ
һ̽ŹҲ֤ʵµĴ⣬ȻһЯ0.2ֵĳȣֻһߵʱպõִһ·̡
Ҳ˵0.2İתٶһ
Щ˷ۣܵŹָһμޱʱɫȴͻȻһ䣬žЩĹͷԼ塣
Ҵɨһ壬ûκĲԼĲͬƺڴʱڣһ˿˿˿ϸڲϵߡѭ
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ӣգⲻЩС˵ڹô
ĿԼڵнԼЩϸ˿ߣһȦȦһͣѭζŹɫˡ
תƣȻÿһεļޱܺĸӦԼǿЩҲûڱȣһμޱ֮ôͻڵôϸСھ
磬ڹأУһͷҲͻȻð˳
羿ûһŹ˼Ƭ̺󣬻ǼʼתƣһҹȰֵתƽڣһγ˯ڶٴʱֱӾ͸оڵԭֻǶ϶һ˿˿һ壬һǰνӵĴڵÿһ羲ϵתѭ
ھѭھһδεļޱܺ󣬲ֱ࣬˼ά˿ͳһһġ
ǿѹĵ׵ĹŹ֣һԾȥ̽ǰֵ
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ȷûھˣһַֻӳÿһ缡һܺͣٶмɶУҲǽѣھͿÿһȫ۵Ҫһϣʮ
òһǣŹһε飬ĺǱҲơֻܹп׶࣬׶Сסٶȣڻܣһܿ䳤ȵľ룬Ը
Сֻһŷһ̨ԣһŴصĶһڻ£׾ЩۣȫھתĳһͨĸӦƶϣΨһʵҲǰھȫתֱϣȻʮʮջӻˡ
ȫյ飬ֱӾöŹͷһ󷭹˵ܡ
ӣֻƶϣЧЩƵͣ¶Źſʼ˼һʲôĵطȥھЧֻǿƶϡ²⡣
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ӵһ˽еĶԺ䣬Ӧúȫʵ飬һ㣬ҲûС
ڶŹƵĲʱһͻȻԺ
ʲôȭ֮ģǿԵô
뵽Źȥԣźһѡ˾סȥҲӵ㹻ĵΣӵ豸ȫĺĽ
ȷǽβûеvip߰豸룬ȥˣҲûá
һ¼۸񣬷ǼлʱĽһŽ¿ҲٿҺ󣬾ʮ¥ȥ
ȻĿģʱöԷvipԲܺ͹õĽ¿ȣʮĴȻҲǲġ


032 ʱ
ʱֲںϳǽҵڣҲΪ֪ҵˣںϳȪ·жν̻԰ۺ¥һ¥ֲռԼǧƽף㡣
ŵݵִ󣬶ŹֱӾͿ粽ߣԾװܰţһۿǰ̨ӴʱŹֱӾˡ
ǰ̨Ӵ棬Žµĺһֱ΢ЦĶŹֺҲˡ
һһܶûˣôͻȻܵˣ΢УһڣȻΪŹģ｡⣬ɲסڽסġ
ȥ˼Źǿ⣬ûκν
󣬺΢㶵ı飬ͽһ˿ζһôͻȻϰĵطˣУ֪ϰģԼû˵ѵ͵͵ٹһ뵽һŭڣҲ֪ǸúǺЦȻеӸ٣Ϊʲôֱȥ
һֱŹֵעӣŹҲڷӳ˹Σɲ֪ڸղžʲô£ΪԷϴ§˯һΣô죿
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ŶŹֵ΢΢ļⲻǷϻô֪ʡ
Ŷ⻹ûŵvipŹָŶԷİۣȻΣǾѻﳶ⡣
ҪvipһȴЩˣһҪvipֻǴŽĻӣӽԼ
ŹֵͷȴȥԷ
ٴβĿ˿Ź֣Ҫ쿨Ҫvip
Źٴεͷ
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ˡŹҡҡͷȴҲЩ֣ôͻȻˣ
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˵ѵúٿڣȥʹһһεʱ㲻Ҳ̵ͦõôʱԺȴ߳һʮҵӣһЦȰĿ˿ڡ
˸ۣһȥǲ֪ϸԼϰ壬Ҳǻʱϰ壬ǰƭȥô
ǴҲһǰؼҵǴΣڷֱƭҲֱ˽뿪ģ⼸һֱźĸ롣
֮󣬺ٴǿһЦݣŹܣΪϴε֤ʵ֪ûһ֡
ֱüͷһ壬ǰѾͷžƲԳԷôȻ֪ˮƽĽؼһбǺشŮ˵רؼҲװ˽Ƿʵ֤Լȥ̱˽ֵЩٸŮֵܵôһ˧зͷ˧ģҪ˶þͻݵں£Ūôǰϰûõĺôأ
ҲڹһҪ任ʱȴͻȻǰһŹ⣬΢üͷ㣿
󲻵ȶŹ˵ͻȻЦˣЩŹֵĶŶŹֿ˿ֿ˿վǰ̨ӴĺŵѾһˣҺˣҲֻһΣ
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Ͼ쾳磬ʵ̫Ҫˣÿһ֣ǸУемᡢ죬ֻһߣҲֻܳΪ֣ͨͺЩŶΡȭڴ߰˶εļһֲࡣͨȷĿֲĸȴСӲࡣ
Ҳֻн쾳磬֮ܳΪĸ֡
ؼΪϳǵĵһңֱϵѪˣ֧ǹǧҲֻӵְˣǻүүģԶʮ֮䣬̤Եȷ˲ˡ
Դˣ̤쾳磬ֱȹĺһʵǰЩĹעϵϸҲǰﻵˡ
ҲֱȹԼһصʵڼڵλǣ̤ţѰͼ˺򣬶ʱɫĴ󶯣ͨһֻһºʡũĴãȻԼ־ֵȴû뵽ȻϾһڣûһ˿չɰƻˡ
ԭҲԭ򣬵ٴμŹֺڶʱԭũɵΪôһСӣԼߣ
һ׹󣬺ҲƺջˣƾǰһǴļһȻԼظͷţĵ¾ðһаԼϴεľ棬ûһﰡ֪ǲеˣ


033 ǿѵ
˭ҲĲһõĶź򣬡ϰʱ䣬㾹Ȼ͵
һ˲жϳ˶Źֵݣһ̯СӣǺشٵСó֮󣬹ĵ¶ʱֿ˻ͬͷѸ͵ĴںϳΨһܸؼҿμ֮ˣȻﲻ𣬵ǰһֻһһ׵ļһȻֵĲһȡ
ҡһͣƺûϵǰһ̻Цӭϰ˲ͱ
ôŹֶĿ˺һۣžͰתƵ˹ϣѵﲻǽֲ
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仰ͲٿڣֻǾĿŶŹ֣гζ
ȴΪ仰ֱӾͰԭҪ³ڵĻ˻ȥЩ˽Ĳ;ԲĽ΢΢˼һ£ͻȻ뵽࣬ѶŹָϳȥҲнͷôСϼСʱˣ
ãģ򣬸Ͽţ͸߹ˣǰ̨ЧһҪ졣ٴο˿ڣ۾ҲһֱŶŹ֡
˵ע£Ҳڶ˵ʲôֻǰŹֿܿ죬ȶŹֽvipרʱɨǰ̨΢Цĺһۣѹߣĵ٣ɵϣȻʱӣҲһţvipô
ȴû˵ֻֿۺ̧žߣҲǼæϣ߳ʮ׺󣬺óֻ˺롣
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ĹһӶʱһ飬ǿǲǺĸࣿǸ׿125ƵĿֲһ
125ƣǿһȭ֣еϲǹڻǹʣˮ׼ģǳһĺȭ֣Ҽ֤ǿǿҲֻΪһЦдμڽ̸ЦʱżȭֵĹ󸾶˫۷Ź⣬йǿȴмһˣ΢¶һ֣ͳǼˣǼ󸾶ڹǿϰ壬ҲǺĺøжȣʱֱ
ǰһӵкͺȭһǵˣֻӢӵĸ࣬ǡ
һ뵽ǿڻ亹ͬʱ̾ͶԶŹָϵ٣֪СӣȻٶǣǿ125˫ֵһܴСӲзϣ
ȴֻһ΢һǾ仰ͷ˵绰ͷҲصĶԹþֲӰ࣬СӼȻҺģ϶Ҳȥvip˳Ƶơ
áæӦȴͻȻһɾ⣬Ҳ̫ˣǼһһһһǧҵСӣҪһֱvipȥ²Ҫ˼Сʱ͵һµĹʡ˼ҶƲֹ֣д֣ҪƲơ
¥vipԺ󣬶Ź΢һ¿İĵ˵ͷš
vipڵܴкüƽڼཡеĳУȥĿ󣬶ŹתھʹɵĹֱӾǰȥ
ಡ
һѸƿһӶŹֱֵӾʹſڳ嵽˼ʮķײǣǿĳȻڳӦˣ¾ҪһײϺʵǽڡ
Уھٶʵ̫ˣ⼸ʮ׵ľ뾹Ȼ
ǿѹǰľ޴ԣŹ΢٣Ŀһת˷ڴĽеϣǰռڵĶѾĵ֪һ˵ķӦܲȫӳǶôҪԼûаٶȡӦȫգͬĶǰǲһ
ڣȴ޷ʱռǸܶԾֻܿԼոһܣͨھӳֵˡ
ڽȷǸע⣬ܿ죬ŹֵһһƮ˾һӴƾĸһ࣬Ͱϰٽļҽһһٶ๫ĸͱɵգȻץġ
ƽʱҪüͨ˲ܰöģŹһ͵ģͰҵķ£Ȼٴһתһĸ
ӺԭһɾĽʱѾ£ÿһĶǺ޹ڷţһƬ߰㡣
һУŹץ𼸸壬ϵ˫ϣ̽ŵ˼£βתھʼ˱ܡ

ֻһ£һֱܲӱֹĶŹһײɣŹֲûǻ䣬һӣԾգ׷ܲȻסܲزһ˵ذϡ
٣ͻȻһܣⷴӦٶʵǸˡЩεİڰ֣Ź־ͷܲٴοʼ˿񱼡

ʼÿһתھֹסֳײһЩģѵĳЩײɵҲԽԽ١Ź˫ʩӵھ̶ȣҲԽԽߣɣ𽥵ɡ߳ɡ


034 ͱ
ڣһӰһ㣬ͨ˼ԲٶȣһδƮµĶѣм䲻ͣٻתۣޱȣֻǼӲӰͺһԽĶѣͣⲿ
˳ھӳ֣ѾɹЩˣЩЧչ鲻ǿܡЩƵһóֻ˿ʱ䣬ѾϾŵ࣬ŹŻĶѡ
Ƭ̺󣬷ٴλظԭȾȻ״̬Źϴԡһ裬ˬ̤˰
ֻҪһ죬ķӦͿԴﵽһ㲻ĳ̶ȣȻЧܺǿܵϮȣ˲ϮɱͽϰԱܣͬһεѵܱȲѵҪǿöࡣ
˰¥ʱŹֲŷֺȻϰ࣬ȻЩ죬ŹҲö˵ʲôʾȥ
ءһʱĹŹ񣬶Ź־ЩΡ
뿪ʱ󣬶Źһظϣ̤ϳ⳵һ̣ͻȻ͸оԼë͵һĵҲһ˿¸С
ҪɱңŹһѾܺܺõĿԼ巴Ӧװ֪˳⣬󣬱ԼҪȥĵص㣬˾ſʼ˼
־¸УŹĿ̹ĵϤϾռ˽ǧεıŰɱġŰɱǧΰ־ֻһĻռ䣬Ҳκ˼ǵޱ̣
һγֵϢռڵЩֵȣȴ˵ЩֵǴôЩϢľֻһΣոжѣΣգԺԲơ

Źֺܿ˼˭Ͼ˺ǵ˲࣬ҲֻкǸߴ1.3ֵܸΣյĸо
ô죿ȻռѵҲǲһͺȣǲ˶ԷһֻҪٸʱ䣬ҾܸϡҲԣֵҸߣҪɱңôϢͲôѵֻѵһ٣
⳵ǹΣյĸоûʧһֱ׷ڶŹʮ⣬֪ԼˣԶŹ־Ϳʼ˼˶ԲߣֱʻסҲû˼ԲߣϾԷ0.2ֵ޷⡣
ռڵһУħһڶŹԺֵͬĿܣҪȡֱ׾٣̵ļ䣬ܲ£ֵͬĶ֣ھЩֻΪһܣûȫ˵ֵǸ߹
Ҳ٣ڸңѵһֱһؼٶ֣
ֱ˳¥ǹϢɵ¼⣬ŹҲһŭ𣬵ѹļ£¥ڿõģֻг䲻ˡ
ԣδػΪŹҲǿ͵Ϯ˵ܡ
뵽Ժ󣬶Ź̻صסţĿŸӦŶԷһ¥
¥⣬ϾǹڳʺսŹ׼ȶԷʱͻȻ͵Ϯ
¥ڣǿȵ̤ϣȴһƬ˷ܣ⵽ĸùӣȻǵúү󶯸λ
٣һҪСӺÿ˷ֹܵһ䣬ǿͿ첽¥Źֵסǰš
ŵͬʱǿڲס˼¸ôҪҪŰСһʵֽѵһͨëͷС꣬Ȼֵġ
źܿͱڴ򿪣󣬹ǿͿǸĿһ۾һɻķһܾʣ˭
˭϶ʶһǿ϶Цݵǡ
˵⻰ͬʱǿһ̽ӣͼ˷䣬ȼź󣬹ǿϵЦݲͻȻһֱһ֣ĿƵˣžһš
ģٺ٣Сӣҵ٣ֱҲѡо죬ҵֿ죡Ϸ֮󣬹ǿŽӹǰĻһЦĶŶŹֵ
ʱĶŹһ𾪣϶벻˸ɱļҪϵ𾪹һҲһᾪĽоֱӷò˵ǿе̬ϲȣڲһ׵ľ룬ǿһͨʱ亰
ǿҲֳʲôؼҵһסֽסСӵķ˻ǲЦ
ʵҲȻǿϣԼ˵Ǿ仰ȦҪݺݽѵֱ꣬Ӿ𾪺ʹͣɵɵĶԼ
һ̣ǿĵ¼ˬˣֻҪСһпļͻһʱ֡
һµǸ÷ϵһֻ֣һأ
ŹִʱľȣľȣֻΪЩһֱںģǺôôֵֻ0.8ļһˣ
0.8ֲֵöԼвô͡


035 ת
һֵΪ0.8ˣӵг˾űܣһǰȷǿޱȣһҵľ룬ǻаڶԷ֮ǰֹԶԷŻ޼ɵè׽һûмų֣ʼϷŪǣŹֲͨˣһֵߴ1.1൱ںһظֵǿߡ
ȻЩֺѵкܶĸôһѾԼӣŹֻǺܿ쾪ȣ¶һ˿֮⡣
ɣԭһЦĹǿһ㶣Ǻɵֵ۾ϸڶŹɨɨֶԷϵȷһƬʱԺжʱðʺţô£СѵɵˣΪԼڸЦ
ү͵ҲèôļһһΪڸЦǿʱŭ·߷һ䣬Ҫ׼֣ŹֵʱȴͻȻϵǰһʧȥ˶ŹֵӰ
ô£ǿ󺧣ͻȻԺһ͵ʧȥʶ
һ̣ڹǿصʱվҺĶŹȴɵ֣Ȼ˳һߣĹǿߵ˷ġ
ս̣ȴɼ򵥵У˵ܱȶԷǿö࣬ھӳ˫ȣʹٶȼǳŶԷûһʱ͵ϮѶȡ
󣬶Ź־͵ֻΪͻȻ뵽ǿ򵹼򵥣ɸôԷģŹֲΪֻǿţһ0.8ǿˣбҪ
ҲŹһʱ仹²ȥ֣Ͼɱ˲գ۵ĺˣֻһͨ꣬ѧձҵûã⣬ôܶҪµķϵһˣ
Ҳֻʱ²ȥ֣Ҫʹ˷˹ǿҲܡ
ţԽˣֻΪǿ̫òȥĻ϶ʱɾͲˡ
ҪģǸϿҵʵֻҪҵֵԺҲͲ
˼Ƭ̣Źһüžͽתƿռ䣬˹ǿֵϡ
Ȼʱ²ҪҪݺݱǾһֱ˯ɣ׻˯ȥ֮ԼԲߣ²תƣֻҪֵ0.2Ҳһﳹ׻ԹȥЧǱԼĻɿ
ҲʱһͻȻͷ˶Źֵ˼άڡ
ĿֵΪֵѡת״̬һͨתƣתơ
ֵתƣ
Źһֵ⣬ǿֵ0.8ԶԶ0ͨתƣӦþǰЩͨ˵תƣǽתƣ
Źûԥãܿѡ˶תơ
ǰһڣһŹֻûüȥ͵ظеһɱǰ𣬶Լ¶ɱĿ꣬ҲԼٶڳԼӽƾŶϢĸӦһֻ޿Լȭͷ
ಡ
ŹһΣȭͷľ룬ſﾹȻռһӭģǹǿ˵һǿһһĿˡ
0.8ֵô
ԼУżڵһ㣬ּŶŹ˿ϢŨ˼֣ò˵ֵΪһĿѵ󣬶ŹǰĹǿࡣ
ɵٴζ˵ĹŹ̽žͶſܷ˹
ֱϼӳʮʮھŹֵȭͷݺݾͳŶԷǰȥ
ۡԡ
һ졢죬ŹֱֱֵӶ˵ţһƬѪивֱϣһű֧࣬һӾʹӿ۵һںɫʯϡ
Ż
ǰޱѪѵһĻԼͷȳζŹθһڣֱӾŻҲʱԭҵĹֱӾ»нǹԶڶŹּͷʱ͵һ٣ž;Ҽһʹ
ŻһˣҪôôθУŹĵ¸ŭҼʹǲô⣬ֻҪЩռ䣬ЩȻͻʧ
ҲͷĹصҲٴγ֡
תɡ
һ̣Źǰһڣһ뿪תƿռ䡣
͵ʱʱͷ̱ڵϵĹǿǰƯһֵ0.2
һ0.2ֵûڹǿԭֵϣҲûתƶֻǾ
ҲͬʱҼϻʹгθＫȵܸУöŹֺһɫ䡣
תƣûаֵתƵϣУǸռܵʲôƶ棿ôҵļͷۣ
ʣòöŹǿųθܣǸֵ


036 
һᣬŹ΢΢ü̽žȥץǸ0.2ֱֵӾͱץ
ģޣ·һԺԲƵţҲ·ʲôûУָоĺܹ졣
ŹֵԺҲٴӿֳһ
תֵѡ帽š
ѡ帽ţʲô˼
Źһɻѵ԰ֵʲôϣ˼ͽĿʼѰĿꡣ
ò˵Źһʱ仹ҵʲôֵĸһɨӹڰ˹ǿʳָϵһöָϡ
ץֵȥǽָܿ죬ָͱŹץģǽָȥֵʱµʱٴγ֡
Ƿֵ
ŹѡǣľͱһĿĹʣȻĿȴͣŹ־ĿָͻȻʼЩڻžɫðÿһںϣӣγһµɫʡ
ɫǺڰ
Źɻ֮ʣͻȻ;һһ΢˺ѰʹֱӾÿһ缡
ףô£
ʹɻܵҧ˴Լӵʹ󣬶ŹֲͻȻ֣ʹţµĽָѾ𽥳ͣһöɢĹİ͸ɫָץָ䡣
עӣŹֶʱ;ȵķ֣ԭһĽָȻӵֵ0.2Լ壬ҲͻȻǿࡣ
һöָӵֵҲ̫˼˰ɣ
˼ǣǿпԼֵʱ澹Ȼʾţ01.1+0.2

1.1+0.2Źֳˣ룬ѽָ˵ϣָһ뿪ǽָ;һᣬûɵĸеʧ˲ֵҲ1.1
ֵָɻԽԽ࣬Źָһȥץǽָ΢˺ѰʹϷһγ˼Ӻֵָֻ1.1+0.2
һΣҲýָ壬ǿ󣬶ڵЩҲô׳ֻ࣬оھ1.1ʱϡʱŹֲ͵طһԭתƣֱǼߣ
ȷǼߣһȥתƺǺãΪʡʱ䣬һδμޱܣ˯ֻҪסӵ˺ʹ˱ǿ󣬵ֻˣչˣھȴû䣬ŹҪھһҪһδεĽתơ
ĽͨתơȰھ䵽㹻ĳ̶ȣҲֻҪһתƣܺͽ׷仯ýָ壡
ڣսУָݻ٣̾ͻᱻԭΣҪʱҪྫȥŽָʵۿۡ
˼ߵĽתƣöŹֲơ
Ц˰죬ŹֺƵͻȻһ1.3ѾͺһˣȻھ㣬תȴ˿ݣֻҪټӹǿһֱתƣھһֱά1.1ĳ̶ȣܰ⸽ֵ1ʱ2.1ֵھϺҲһռưȻÿһθţȥʹ࣬ǱϾܵס
뵽ŹֶʱЦˣ⼦ҲһǴٽǰϾڷֹǿʧٸʱǿʵ
ٴǿʼתƣһΣŹֳԹһεĿֺ࣬Сģֻе0.6ĿˣֻԴһûдԷͷǣȡֵ
ӡȡӡȡκ󣬵ǽֵָ0.8ǿֵ0ʱŹֲҪתƣһٴð˳
ĿѾֵתƣ޷ָشǷҪнתƣ
޷ָѵתߵֵ޷ȻָŹһ㶣ɫ΢΢Щֵ޷ظ˵ԭ൱һС˵ĹǿʱѾһͨˣԼݻ˹
ţŹͻȻˣԭΪҪҪݺݱǿԥأھȻڲ֪ѾôˣҲǣһͨ˰˾ű˵һӴԭͣ޷ָǼֱҪһֻһȻݵĶࡣ
ȻѾˣŹι֮󷴶Ѿ޷ˣǾͲĳһ㣬һһЩֵԶڣ0.2ͨ˻Ҫ
ϾԼһͨˣǴʱͱһ֫岻ȫˣŹ¼ַŭʼ˽תơ
ܿ죬0.2ֵᣬţǸɫĽָӵ1ֵǿֵҲˣ0.2
ŽָĶŹҲЦ1.1+1ֵ2.1һδεӱ仯ڵоͲǰȣһӾ˷츲صı仯ھϡ֮⣬ʱֱֻÿֲݡ
ŹҲСˣŽָһ0.2ֵ΢˺Ѱʹֵָ࣬1ĿǰֵһһһһǸо˲


037 ؼʵ
Žָֿ˿񶨸ڣ0.2ĹǿŹֶʱԥĴ㣬ֻȰŪĻԲѣٿ˭֪ͻȻðһתƣ
ڵѾʱˣʱҲʲôˣδǿûͷ
΢΢һԥ󣬶Źץǿӽ˲ֳٴνת״̬
һΣѡͨתƣֻΪԼתھھҲֻǸս1.1ĳ̶ȣٻҪתƹһһֵھ㹻Ũȣ1.2һΣѵָԺʧ
һҹŹڶ̫߸󣬺ؼҴլڣҲ˯˹ĵһ£óֻȥϢ
ףǿôûһտյֻ΢΢üҹ˯֮ǰǿûиϻغؼ㱨绰㱨ûУȻе֣ȴҲû̫⡣
Ͼ֪ǿȺãϲŰˣָǼһСôŰأҲͷϣ㱨
ڴˣȻĬĬֵ֧ģҲֻ谭Լ˿ͷǲŻ᳹ԼҪȻҲһֱôݹǿ
ҲԣûǿλȻǺ֣Ҳͨĸˣתھ֮սԲʲôȭʦʦѷɫԸһͨС꣬Ǹܻʧ֡
΢΢ü𴲺󣬺߳ңűСķʺãֱӶԶԷǿأң
õģǱķӦһ뿪˵ء
Ƭ̺ҲںڲòʱǸķٴ˹ûڱڣһ£ҹһֱûл
һͣ¶ʱһ˿ŭǿԽԽˣѵҪԼ绰ѯʲɣ
ӣ̫ˡ΢΢ŭУӻñķȥóֻ˺룬ֻǣ绰һ飬Ǳ߾Ȼ˽
һҵĵ绰ҲӣٴδŭɫҲǼ˺š
һΣŲȥǱߵֻͻȻһܾ
ܾǡۣĶȻҾҵĵ绰ŭЦžһͰֻˤϡ٣Ҫÿ
ֱڣȻ˿ûΪǿˣֻΪͻȻӲ˶ѣϾŹΣ˿ûԷʲôס
ǸŹǸ֣ǿֻҪһ˿ѾͲܻţѾǺһؾˣ޷ϢģҪôͨˣҪôʵߣŶŹֻǺءء
ϳɱһƵĶŹվڲſڣŹǿֻ˿֪һô졣
ϣһޱȵĹǿǿʱǳˣʮĹȻһɥڵĽҲƻʱûһ˿̧ȥֻûУֻֻס죬ȴް취
״̬ôܲ
ֻڶʱŹ־ͳ˽ҲǿŹ֣ȻһǸľ֡
ӣҹһԼĻ˹ȥֻʱѾ
˵ԼĹ϶ǱϵģʲôͨˣԼûзǺְ
һ뵽ŹֵĿֲǿͷʱӿһƬ亹Խֻ´ʱѾҲǲϵˣŹô
㡭һֻŵĹǿŹְֻòע⣬ðô졣
ҪɱңҪɱңҲֻ˺ָʹ㣬ҪɱҡŹָһڣǿͳױˣ޺Ű
Źһͣû뵽һ˲ãҲãƺÿԴóЩ
װ£ܿʹӶԷе֪˲õϢ
ǰĶŹֻ֣ǶһЩ²⣬ôʱȷе֪ˣϵΪ֣ͨЩʦȭʦһЩȭȵȣЩ˵ʵ͹ǿֵ࣬Ӧ0.81֮䡣
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ȻǿߵֵߵʲôزŹȴҲ֪ԷԲǣùǿһ仰ΪǿߣؼҲºʡһҵλӡ
֪ЩϢԺ󣬶ŹַˣԭΪֻкһֵߣû뵽һӾͱһˡ
ȻûЩˣӺ1.3ֵֻǸոȹ̺һصľؼҵǿߺ壬ԱֵҪϺö౶Ǿ͸ؼһаڵˡ
ʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ڵٶȣһֱתƣһʮСʱ˯ʱڣξתƹٽ͵ھξֵӣҲܸԼ0.1ֵôһ£תһһ꣬ʮƺֵҲֻǽӽʮǺһʱô
üͷŹͻȻ֣Լȱģʱ䡣
ȻǽתƣҪôʱ䣬ǽתƱѰֵĿ꣬תƣֻӡչȴûھִͺ൱ֵûھ֧ţһǶԷĶְ
˵ôǿ˱ץתƣؼңôץ
ǿǾĿŶŹ֣üͷԽԽҲ𽥸Ӻ¶Źִʱ˼ҪҪɱ
ȷ´ǿҲõŹִʱ˼ٶӵкءԶصʵ
أ֮ǰĺؼңֵţһްʮأҲֻǺضѡǿʱ֪Ź־Ȼһִ϶ֱ̫Ӿͻ
Ҳʱһֱ˼θøԼʱĶŹ֣ͻȻͰָϵָϡǼߣһһѵʹ࣬Ѿ֪Լִֵ2.1ϺؼҲʤ㣬ǻʲôͽȻֻ޷úתưˡ
ϾľʱѾӵ2.1ֵǿȣǵյ㹻ھڵľ϶չֱֻӽһ׶ΣʱҪѡ磿


038 η
ϳϹ㳡һߴʮĴ¥һĿ΢΢üڵǰ칫һ绰ͻȻ
ץ绰ԺӾԷŹֵĵܣ㡭
ǺϳμһһηչʮηֹΪѾִؾ磬ҵݣҲ˵ƿμӴҵšʱηƺ̫ãŮŹֵߺ󣬶ʱüʣʲôˣ
ǡ˵dsʱŮȷܹŹ֣dsʱڴʱĺϳǿ˲֪˲ͻȻһİ绰˵Լdsʱ˭֪Ǽ٣ֻһֿģdsʱͷŮҲ˽Ƶ绰
dsʱηɫҲŹǸ˯֢ЧҩҽԼļٵģ
ܷĺɶԷݣηﻹǵѵ绰ӽ
¶ԷǼٵģҲҪ˵Ͼû˵˴绰ðdsʱȥƭģҪ֪dsʱҽֻβˣҪð䣬û汾µĻҲ׾ͱˡ
ȵ绰תƽηһ룬ŷֶԷõĹõ绰
ιҵdsʱ绰ǱߣһɳƵ
ηٴüηʲô£
֪ڿڻɣҾǲdsʱЩҪֻһ£ڿȥһºϳгĻƺӴã¥ΧǣһֽСˣϣȥȡֻԼ
ηգգ۾Ժٴӿһʺţ⵽ô£
Ҹұ֤õǼ󣬿϶ϵңҲϵңһ绰ģ绰ûȥһˣȻһڵġǺǡɳƵٴһЦԷ֮͹˵绰
ȴֱηһͷ⵽ô£ֱĪ
ҡҡͷηԺͻȻðһŹֵͷòԼɣdsʱͷƭԼĵ̨¥ֻԼһȥǡ
һ뵽ηʱգȷϳμǴĴţȻòУҪʲô۵μ˵⣬Ҳǲܡ
ǣͨȴ֪ηʵͨһʮˣ
Ҳô룬ϾղǸ绰̫ŹˣdsʱжҪ͸ԼѵֱôתôֱɷȮ
Խ룬Խ´͸©Ź죬ԷҲԽdsʱ
ηֱһ΢ŭĲ˵绰ȵ绰ͨ󣬾ͶŶĬڣȥ»ƺӴö¥ûˣֵĻҪһѵ
µ绰ηһЦֶ˵绰һۣʱĬķһöԷ֪ÿ
һʮһζη칫Уһ绰ʹ˽ץ绰Ǳһϲߣ磿ʱҽʲôˣ㾹Ȼʶʱҽ
ηһ㶣dsʱ˵ģ
绰Ǳߣһҽѧõܡ
ҽ̳̳䶯ĲУdsʱϴι˯֢Чҩ󣬾Ҳû¶棬ȴΪ㿪һӣ˵ʲôô£绰ǱߵĻֱӾηһΣżæµ绰ȥҽ̳
ͿǸöӡ
ηȥûУ֪ܻңڣӦòỳ˰ɣŵĻ͸ϿȥǼɡҽ˺ţǾ޷ðġˣ˵ηǺϳҵηͬߣҪ롣
һӣ˺dsʱҴʱdsʱ˺ţѾҽ̳ڵĴʦȨ˺š
棬ȴһƬظ
ۣʱϴˣĤݣ
ʱҽ̫ˣڳˣ
ףη˭Ȼʱҽر
Ǹη˭ѽڻڻʱҽ̫˰ɣأ
ǣǸηȻʱҽš
ҵǺ棬ʱҽʲôηҲ֪Ǽһʲôʺˡ

ηɨһ£ֻǰģڻظѾӽη͵һ㶣Ǹ绰Ȼdsʱģ
ԷdsʱΪʲôôŹֵҪԼܵƺӴö¥һ֮˵ֻҪԼõͿ϶ȥһڣ
ţη͵һԴһ⣬Ĭ²ѾˣdsʱĬһٵĻǿɾͲˡ
dsʱֻǸҽڹڣȴӵױȵ˯֢һˣ˭ҪԵ޹ãǱȹģһһĭ㡣
Ȼⲻص㣬صǸ˾Ȼdsʱ
ڷ۹ڣûһ֪dsʱ˭ȴ˭֪ҽ߳ޱȣμܰץ桭ηʱԷ
һ뵽ηֱץ绰Ĭڵĺ룬ͼĵĬڣ㵽û
٣ûǱĬڲŸտڣ̾ηһϲǾͺãڱȥˣڴҡ
Ҵҷµ绰η̾ߣҲٴƮdsʱô֣µĸԼȥȡһȡʲôأԼȥĻô
ţηͷ֣Լȥٷ֮ٵĻڣ²ΪǼֻΪʧһύdsʱĻᣬͻ
μңѵ߾Ͳôύôһҽٷְٵֵãŷȥɡ


039 һ
ǰСʱһζһɫıںϳǻƺӴǰͣͣ£η̤˳
һֻ֣òԶһʮҵӼ١
ҡη˵꣬绰
ЩεĳĬڰ˰֣ηſЦȥӵ绰һ·ٽӵ˲¶ʮ绰ÿһ绰Ǵdsʱʲô
ֻǰСʱѣdsʱֻϷһӣ˶֪£֪˶Էһ˶ں棬Ǿʲô
еĲٵ绰Ҳнηúðջᣬȡͨ°dsʱμҵģȻЩ绰Ǽڵĳġ
һҽ߳ףڡרҡʦǿҽֵ£Щ绰ηΣһ˿亹ǶԷӼʱdsʱ¥Ĭһ٣ӿˣ²ǼЩ
亹˵绰ηŷȻϣһڵ˴绰ѯ£ڷ˼䣬η̤ݣٸ¥
ܿ죬ȵִ¥ηҿȥȴʲôûз֣ƺӴö¥յûһˡ
ڡη΢΢Щʧdsʱ˵Ժ绰Լʱ˷Ϳǣһƾɵֽӡ
ǣ浽ʲôη첽ǣӾȥǸֽУžͿһŴӡֽš
ηץֽȥɨһֽϵݺ˶ʱˡϸӿֳ˼ȹɫ
ֽϣݺܼ̣˵ֻҪϺĽָУһЩʹ࣬ʹΪ̥ǡ
ܣֱǻһöָҹֱǺdsʱdsʱȻЦΪϷŪң
ηģΪһصǿߣȻ֪Ҫòֻͨ޿ʲô˵е鵤ҩ͸ڣȻμҲû˵ʲôһöָˡ
ò˵ȼȲ޷ŵ˺þúηﻹǺܿ쿴ֽУͷֽнղֽ棬һö͸ĺɫָ
һָηһɲ־ȥöָҲָǽָʱһ˺ѷεʹֱ࣬Ӿʹָ͵ر˲鲼ȫһ˲ʹֱ࣬͵һ£֡
ʹ࣬Ҳ˲ʧˡ
ôܣĻʹη󾪣ʹ࣬ȻĴڣֱҪ̫һöֹĽָȻһصǿ߸ܵ޴ʹࣿ
һйη˺þãӲ˼𾪣ѹֿ˿еֽźھɲٴȥǽָ
ȻĺʹҲΪŸη𾪣һöͨĽָһ¾˺ѷεֱۣǹһ£Ǻְ
ҲΪ̫˼飬Ūµôˡ
ٴؽָη鵽˺ѷεʹ
ÿһ缡ڱ˺һǷ˵ĥӵԶ˵̲ס˲ʧȥѪɫһɷޱȡ
ò˵Ҳһ˲䣬ͻȻͷԼھһ󣿣
ʲôͻȻһηǴʧɫǿֻΪʱܷ°ô᣿
ôģѵҵĹܡѵΣһŷ˵ʹ࣬ηԺȴס˸Ÿͷ´ʱʹʱΣǲţֻһöָ
Щ˵Ҳ˵ʲô鵤ҩ书Ҳû˵ʲôָ˹İ
ӣӣԿ챻۵ʹȥηͻȻ͸еʹȫʧһȵǿУ̴ȫ
⡭һԾԭվηָϵĽֱָ۸оһ£ʱ͵ʧУأܡ
壬ȻֻӣʹӶͻƽأ£ھûӶ٣ھӰ߽Ķ
ھھڴﵽԺһܣҪһ˿˿Ӿĵԡſű͵ھ侭þøٻھһֱĵԺͳ㹻ʱ󡣾һֱѭţߵĲΡ
Уھܿ죬ͺһߣھϺҪָֻҪһ첻ʱֻһ㡢һ˿˿ĲסøǿýչȻ͵žѣڳѪɡ
η꿪ʼŹһһ˿˿ǿǣÿһչǰҪңЩھӵ㹻ͳŸȥͻƣȻ󾭹ʮεչֱʮ꣬ٽĳ̶ȡ
󣬾ϣǸ̤ͣ꣬һءһ֮ǳ䣬ľٽһض壬־СŽؾ硣
˵ھߣȻҪս̣׵ĸ׵֣ȴǺ;ֻǺ;ˣĽף
ԭΪٶȣҲҪʮʱǺ;һ˿˿ڽصľ磬Ӷ
ٶȣҲǺܿܿˣǸںؼұΪŵĺҲǵʮͻƽô
ǣڣӣľǾȻһӿԽҪ·ֱӱصľ磿
ھ㣿ηЦˣҪЩھμҵĹ༸ѡ
ǣǲΣҪɵĿ꣬ȻΪһöָˣ


040 
η˼ķʱһֻ͵ؾʹӴоѣóֻԺ󣬶ʹһźߣdsʱĶõû
壿ηһ㶣ϤһǶһָģԷҲμڶǺؾݷ
ڽηͻȻͲ֪νǰˣֻǹŹֵĵõˡ
Ŷʲôdsʱϴ˯֢Ժ󣬹˶ҲвҽѧЭᶼ룬ȴû¶棬ô㡭Ǳݷɳ档
Ҳ֪ʲôηЦһܻԼһֱΣɸղʹ࣬ĲΣصľ磬Σɼȥ²ҲŰϻȥʱ㡭
Ҵҹ˵绰ηպŴӡֽ¥¸ϡ
ƺӴһ¥⣬һƽĬڼηӭ١
ĵ£Ĭȴһ죬ֻΪηڵı֣𾪡˼Լһ˿겻ᣬƺûע⵽ԼĬڸηҲʮˣȴûʧ̬ʱ̣ʱҲðʺš
Ĭڣǻլηһ㶣ŷĬڣȴҲö˵ʲôֻԾɻ겻Ļӻ֣ͽ˱ݡ
һ·Ҳһֱͣڷʧ̬ǿĬڵɻҲԽԽȴҲҷʣֻװʺţһ·μլʻȥ
ܿ죬ʻһƬıЩڵĽ㲻ݻҲǺۣмֹϢںϳ԰·һȴ˲֪˲ƬıڣסǸҺϳǵμһ塣
ȷμȻϣѷɫںؼңҵӪϣȴҪȺؼǿһߡ
룬һӴԺǰĿţһɫֱԺȳͦԺηֱӾ³󲽳ȥ
١
٣
μլסĶμһаǿߣСμһЩˣЩ˼ηɫȫ¶˷⾪ɫηȴûйᣬֱӾͽͳ¥ȥ
塣
Ҳ¥ʱһҲӶ¥ʽݷ
ô£㡭ݷڼηɫһǷľԼСֶӣϳɳôڻ˵ı飿
Ҳ֪壬ԼηＴֹŹֵĵһ󣬾ͰԼֵݵݷǰ
ݷһҪԼ̽Ĺôʱη¶˼ȥdsʱ͸ĶôѵdsʱĶĹ
ͷݷҲֻһ£ֱӾųˣǰԼЦһѵԼϺͿˣdsʱҽٸ߳ҲֱߵĹ
ȻʧЦУݷֱ֣ץסη֣žһھҲֻһ˲䣬ԭһȻݷ͵ؾ͹˫ۣһ͵Ŵ˺üĶվ¥µηֱӷҽ˻ƽеĹŹߣ˻
Źֵı£ݷ͵ؾͼӴھ̶ȣٶȳ̽һηڵ״͵طһ˼ĵͽУأôܣȥŽ׶صģ
Ҳò˼飬ֱ񼣣ҡη¶һ˿Цdsʱ͸ҵĶԳҵҵڶΪԼΣ
ʲôdsʱ͸ĶݷٴһĿ࣬ԺиӿʺţdsʱЩֱӽף⡭ôܣѵѵ˵Щ߹ɵҩȻĴڣ
ҲݷԺиðͷʱηĻȴٴһ
ֵʱǸҽ͸ҵģʲôɵҩһöָöָһֱӾʹӺؽ׵أֱδţ񼣻Ҫ񼣡
⻰η֣ݷԼʳָϴö͸ĺɫָ
ָôܣݷɵˣ鵤ҩ˵Ͼʲô˵лмѭһöָʵֱҪ̫
һ˲䣬ݷԼû˯ˣdsʱҽͻȻѰԼĴֶӣ͸һöָʵǻþξģ
ļٵģ˵СӦ̫ңһ֪ʱֵˣҲͻȻηֱ࣬Ӿ̽ץηֱֱۣӷһھ
˺ηݷɫһæͷʺá
үү
塣
ߣȻͷ׷ɫȴɺܺμǿߣҲΨһںؼҺǰһƬССյ·
˵ʺã·ȴûʲôӦֻԾڷھ̽ηľηͼСһֱޱȣƺ̩ɽѹڶ治ɫүүһųϵĹϣͱû
⡭ǺأûҲû̽ǣôܣҲ̫ˡ·°ͼŵסĿĶǰηΣǰʵ


041 ˵е
ò˵μҼ𾪵ģں档
ȫĿĶǽָηȡ½ָ󣬶ԷΪһӾֵ˶ء
⡭·ݷ۶Ǽ˵η̽̽Ӳֻ̽Ϊֵ˶أڵЩȴûһ˿ˡ
μ˾ȫޱȾɲߣȫöϵĽָϡ
ֱҪ̫dsʱ͸鵤ҩҶܽܣϾûЩ֪һЩ飬ǣֻһöָȻﵽʮ·ʱȷ٣׷ǰЩҲδ˵ʲôָ߹ġ
ľУ·ֱӾȥץǽָ
Ҳʱη͵һڵүүСģⶫ
⻰ηֱódsʱĴӡֽĵݵ·ǰĵ£ȴںɣЩһЩ飿ѵүүеЩ鵤ҩڣܶôɣηﻹǲҿѯʡ
ף̥ǵʹࣿ·ӹӡֽҴɨ˼ٴһ˿ɻ󣬲Ǻԥȥץǽָ
һ˿°ʹ֮ɫ·һš
үү
壿
ݷ֪ʹʲôҲڸղſֽϵҲŽĶ·Ͼ̫ˡ
·ȴû˵ʲôֻ͵ҧ΢΢˰֣ǿг鴤գǿһԵɳϣĶͷͿʼӿֺ⣬ôӺ·͵һִۣҴұۡ
ʱݷηȫһŵĶ·
ǾͿ·ϣӿֳһ˿ɶֹĿϲްϲɫиѹƵ𾪡
أ۷壿öָȻһҿԽһصľ磡ٴۺ·ϣҲûһ˿ƽ۷尡Ѿͣʮ꣬ԭѾٽһϾһֱڲϵϻߵҲر󣬿壬ҪٴȵžһΪΣյ£˭뵽ֻһöָһӿԽǵһӱƽ۷ĳ̶ȣֻһ̤أ
Ŀԣ۷壿
·ĻηݷҲȫǻһ𣬳˾¸УȻǰв²⣬öָȻηһأôҲ·˭Ҳû뵽ʵˣһӾͿԽôķȣ
ֱָ񼣣·ɳڲ˼૵ĵһ䣬ͻȻʲôƵģתͷηdsʱΪʲôôصĶ㣿ʲôϵ
ǰΪʲôdsʱôһֱ񼣵Ķ͸ηһ⣬ݷҲĿƵĶ˴ֶӡ
⡭ҡηﵱȻúŵҲ֪Ҹʶ
ʶôܣ֪֪öָжأһǿ߽أ۷絽۷ĳ̶ȣδزһǿߣءʮصĲֱ֣ӽ쾳磡һöָһϢй¶ȥ죬Զ֮䣬ԱȹʱʲôؼرҪأ㲻ʶôԵ޹ôصĶ㣿·һͣžƱ˵׷һ㲻ηĻ
ֹݷʱҲ޷ţη᲻ʶdsʱˡ
ǣĲʶǰһΪƭӣҪҽ̳֤ݡηʱҲǾõʶöָĿֲʱͼæ絹һͷβĽһ顣
Ž⣬·ݷıҲ𽥱Խӹ⣬ô£
һĬ˼ݷͻȻһѵҪμңĲ˵ֻҪöָȥʱ϶μҡ
˵ˣôǣڻǾһû۵֤ʵ˭ֿ񼣵Ľָ·ȴֱһۣݷһ䣬ֱӾʮ˸ȷdsʱȥ˭ţ
ڿҲֻеĵ绰ˣϻع˾Žĵ绰·ٴοڣסһϢ֪ͨҡ
ǣүүηϽӦתߡ
ηıӰ·ȴ˳˼ˣdsʱȻӵֲĽָʲôˣѵѵЩġ
ʱһֱɳսһ´ҵ£·ҼһЩⲻ˼Ĺ
Խ룬ԽóЩĴ⣬ûܣ·ʱһ󾪼£dsʱָ߸ϵһҪԼðɡ¶Է׾ͿɨƽμңɷǴʲô׵ɷġҸǿĲ˼飬ȫǷΪơΪꡣ
Ĳ˵ηղŲǻ˵ǰĬȥԷһٵô
һӶ·ֱӾͱ亹ʪȫֱӾ͵վӣһŵĶηס̬ȣһҪãʲô£ֻҪμģһҪȴӦһλᣬĺûᣡ
үүηһͣȻת˼Ķ·Ƭ̣صĵ˵ͷ


042 
ĺû᣿һղ·仰ʱ飬ηһɣүү˵ĺûᣬָʲô
ҲޱˣܿʹһεУóһЩǾdsʱָԷлûƵģ
УҲҪֻ̫࣬Ҫһö·֮󣬴ﵽ۷λãôμҵʵλȻͻͻǣһѹؼºʡİλǲܣdsʱеЩָٶһЩμ˶ȫǲֲģ˵ѹºؼң۰Թ磬⡣
ţηͼμҶԣȻǧѷĺûᰡdsʱ﾿ûƵĶηÿ϶еģҪȻԷֻôһöͶȻ涼û¶ʹ󷽵ͳ
ᣡ̺桭ηٴһžͼӿ˲ҴҸϵԼıǰҲ˳ԵĬһĹŹֱ֣ӾͷŷϹ㳡ʻȥ
СʱηִϼŴ¥ֱ¥ȵԺη￴վʺõ飬ھһŵѯʣdsʱĵ绰û
ҲǵʱηͻȻԼõǼ󣬻Ƿҵdsʱ͵ǵɳƵ˵ļֱһһʱһЦá
ûŮһɻ󣬲ǰǸ绰Ȼ˯֢˵dsʱģ
Ҳȷ´ʱdsʱѾϹϢ˲Сĺ䶯ϰ࣬ǲ͵ģΪϼִܲõ飬һСʻеġ
ηһͣ¶ʱӿһʧ䣬͵ٴ绰̸ҽӽȥУdsʱĵ绰һɲӣ
⻰ηֱӾŶ룬ڰ칫ǰʼ˵ȴûһ˿µ顣
һȣǽһСʱôõʱην飬飬ʵñīݣһdsʱ᲻ĴһϻжƵĽָԷЩó־ʲôҪμȥμûǴʧһᣬȴܺdsʱȫõָֽμһԾΪǿָûһֺεȷȵȵȵȡ
ֱֱηﻼûʧһޱȵüͷһ⣬һֱüȫһһ㡣
Ҳʱһͻأĵ绰ͻȻηĸֻ룬ֱһ˵绰ʾһİ룬ǺϳɱصĹõ绰
ˣηϲٴμСĵ绰һѹߣƵιηʱҽ
ǡѾõǼˣҲӦ˰ɣ绰ǱߣǵɳƵߣҲֻһ仰ηٴӿһƬϲѹױȵļŵǵģʱҽ
ûжʣΪ֪Է϶ԼģϾ´ͷβˮء
áǱƺҲ뽲̫ϻһú󣬾ͳ⣬ҿֱ׵ĸ㣬кܶĽָһöҲֻǵһ벻Ҫ
ηһ㶣ͻȻ͸еͷƤһըԷĻָֽҺܶࣿǸ·ֱӴӺ۷۷ֻǶԷﵵ͵һ⡭
һ˲䣬ŶԷһ仰ηֱѿڶҪҪ
һ˿ǣѹ˳嶯ǿƽȵߵ֪ʱҽʲô˵ʲô£μҿΪ
޴棬ž޴ķգһͻȻĳڱȻηһͿƲסǣչ黹ǲһ㡣
ҵĿĺܼ򵥣ҪҾӪָֽǱһֱޱȵĻȴֱηͻȻʹվһ𾪡
ӪۣǰǶԷѾֿܣȴûԷҪˡ˹죡Ŀп񼣵Ľָ޼֮ԷȻҪĳۣڹڵ磬ֽһôֲ˵ĳ𰡣
֪μʲôˣҲ֪ڻļ壬μңΪڵĴˣҳֶһö͵Ľָ͸ǵƷϣҿһγɹγɹˣҾͻİƵĽָμңȻΪĶҿԸһŻݣ磬磬ֵֻĽָʣĸߵƷֻμңҾμ棬Ҳɡ
ɣμҶռߵƷǵɳηҲܿ׶ԷͼԷ͸©Ϣ˲һӢӱüȳѪ
ɵ棿ηＸһöָڹ磬˶֪ǽָĿֲʱöָô˵ۣ˵ɣһɣμҴˣǾ͸˵Ժ󻹻½Ľָóۣ
ֵģɾǶԷеĸߵָˣ˾޴棬ٴߵָμʵȫͻǣ⡭
ֻһ˲䣬ημڲõĽԶôֲٶȺɨ磬Ϊĳҡ
⣬ֱľǲ˵ĳ棬⡭⡭ʱҽ˵ģģֻ
Ҳηɻ󣬶Էֱûһֻƽװ͸μңβ
ЩϣμһöָٶȣӳļֵȻҾͻѡ˺绰ǱһЦ֪μңӪźϳϣܺúðλᡣ
󣬵绰žһ͹Ҷˣֻһ˼ηŵ绰Ͳɵɵķ


043 
뿪õ绰ͤԺ󣬶ŹһɵĳŹվȥ
һӣȫҪǸƼߵĽתƣԹǿʣŵ֪ЩߣҪ׻ǼꡢʮһԲǽתƶûãͨȴӵױȵ
Űǽָͳȥؼҵע
ôΪϳǵڶҵμңͻȻӵ˿κʵͻĽָֻҪμʵǿ·öָ󣬾ڸѹһͷôؼҵʵλȻͻܵĺΪ˱סؼºʡĵλǿ϶ע϶μϡ
ҲˣŹֲŶμҷųǸкָֽܶԺμұֳõĺֻҪϢһؼҿ϶ҲѰҡdsʱĪ
ӣؼҵԸҲôˣϾؼЩϼһֻҪеͷԣӦĵλͼСһ˽˶ԹĸҪ
ҲֻŹֲܾܶĸԼȡʱ䡣
ǸҲȫϾָԣǺףֻҪһֵ߾Ҳд㣬һ£͸μóһöָĿȻҪӺؼңҲָֻֽĳ֣ŻᾡܵĶؼҴʱ䡢ӶΪʱ䡣
Ȼָͨ߶ԣЩĹЧŹּһ£ԼҪʱ䲢ر࣬óȥöָ㹻ˣôߣöָҲ̫ķˡ
ȻʵҪܿؼңҲһҪְ취ֱӵİ취뿪ϳǣʡһܣʱûΣգȻȸһ꣬ͿӵкͺؼԺʵò˵ô
ֻΪǹ¼ҹˣиĸˡʧˣԺؼںϳǣºʡҪļͥסַԸԶũһԸĸֱǲѴ֮
Ĳ˵ΪϳӴңӵвͨľ֣ؼҵĺܴ󣬹ٳϣؼһӵܣΪֳڣкؼҼİһӹϵͳһǨλºʡһְⲻֵ֣¾ǴСдưȻͨɣ־־ֳӳְ֮ߣǲϳǵСͷĿҲһ붼Ӻؼָʹ
⣬ǺؼʵӵеĿɲֻǼ֣һںϳ̸Ĵ
Ȼ֪˺֮ĴΣգŹָӶӣֻΪһӣͻˡϾؼѾһĸ֣Է˿ô
ҲΪֻѡ񣬴ؼҵעԼʱ䣬ӶԷ
ҲڶŹ뿪绰ͤҸʱ
ϳģһƬĸߵסլСһ䲼õΪɾˬķڣһһСȿ㣬޳ȣһһлεŵᣬͻȻ͵ԲۣĶŵĻ
ۣdsʱٴγˣ
һ˿ĺΣ˶˷ܵЩԴ˰֢֮һֱŸôܰ︸ף˼ĽҲֻҵdsʱпܶа
ڷһε¼ӶڼҺȻǸƭˣöԷռԼôˣҲ̫ǸֻùԹԴڼ㲻
ֻͣڷǴ˯֢Ժİٶdsʱɣҽ̳ÿձȥĵطЩطҲ޷ǾһЩѰdsʱϣˡ
һܣû˿ͷڣǰdsʱҽ̳Ӻ̾׼
ͬʱȴͻȻĺԼΪʲôԼ˯ôֱڲ𴲣ҪȻ˵dsʱء
ڣƺҲ٣Ϊdsʱȷ˵һϳμҵη
ҵηǲλԻǼһĴôԭʶdsʱ̫ˣֵϲУһֵ㵸˷һ͵ֳҧгݵĵ
ǸƭӣҪڲðְܴ̼һҪÿҵdsʱκҰֵĲߣ
ҧгƬֱ̺óֻ˺룬ܿ죬绰Ǳ߾ʹһŹֵף˵̣ôҴ绰ˣˣϴλҪҲء
ιʶdsʱļٵģҲԷߣֱӾ׷ȻϴΣȷǶλԻʱ鲻ãǸһȴҪ绰һѣԼᡭƽʱȻҲֵôһ£ʱŸ֪׵˰֢ڱƭľôܻкƢ
ڵǸ˴׶԰ͿʼʶʮĽ飬һǳ⣬Զô鷳
ףô֪Ǳһ㶣ͻȻֵĵdsʱʲôˣ


044 ƭӵĻ
ܣһδεļޱܣ۵ѣ˲ٶȽתƿռ䣬Ź֪ԼʱܽڻصԺֱӾͿʼתơ
СʱͣЪļ޿񱼣һεıУԽǵţ˳˯С
һΣŹڳ˯֮ǰ͸Լֻ壬˯ʱһ롣
Ҳ˯ʱһ󼱼ȴ͵ؾ˹洫һö
ƭӺڣҺòײҵļ
᣿֮Ź̾͸ֳһףò˵ȴ̾üͷڵûʱ
׳գ˰֢㲻ȥҽԺϵƭˣǲ˵ǸƭˣסҲ˵һҲӾ͵٣λԻ͵ҲƭҵҪɣ
˵ûõĻɣߣҪңͿȥ磬dsʱģ˵ҰֲоȡٴȴǴһƣǰһֱڵҰֵĲô˭п뵽㣿
ʱĺƣλԻͰæģɶԷһֱٸʵ׵ǲǲˣǼҲԸĲλԻҲǱСҲﻹҪdsʱԺܿ͵֪Ȼ˵һҲ˵˵Ҳ˵ҲѶŹƬӵ˶Է
λԻȥηѯdsʱ£ȴԷΰûãû취ˣžƭӳ
ֻǵĸ󣬾Ȼ˰Ŷûˡ
Ҳ˵ʱڵĶŹ֣ҲֻƬдóһЩٴüڵûʱЩһϹ̫࡭
ǸλԻ͵Ĵ磬ȻԼ֪dsʱѵμҵģ΢΢üУŹֱһͷϸ룬Źֺܿͷֻŵ˶š
ڵѾԶ˴ԪǼС鷳ɡȻҪμӵٸԼϣǶɾ͸ˡ
֮󣬶ŹֲֻصϣҲˣֱӾٴνת״̬
һת״̬һоʱ޷ŵˣԶŹֿʼ˼޵ıܡ
һ󣬶Ź΢΢£˾Ȼڣʱһҡͷٴνת״̬
ˣĺˣ˯⣬һֻڷϵλԻͱ΢ֱӡ
Ǹƭӣôòţʲô˯϶װ˯ҿţȴǴŭֱӾ͵ײţ
ȵȡλԻȻ˵ƭҲܳӣȴûô³çסǲһϾƭƭ֮ӦûỻطġƬңȥķ
ȥֱӾͰƬ˺ݸλԻ͡
ͬʱϳǻ԰·ϣһɫ½ٶȣűʻ
ʻϣһ߲Ŷͷ亹һֱŴİ֢ڣһµҽԺһϺѾȷΪڣ˵ֻҪöŹһΣܳȬˣԭ⼸ʲôʱȥݷһ¶Źأû뵽ͽӵ˶Էĵ绰˵Ƕ⡣
һ뵽һѾ˶ԷһΣɶŹɲƽϵβ¾ͳΣڽӵϢ̾Ȼŭ
ȷ֪һͶŹֵ޽ӴϾŮ´Ԫڲ˶֪£ȴҲ˻ȥ˵ܣŮƭ§ֱ׵ģռ˱ˡû˸˵ȻҲ˵ֶ˵£Źָ˵
ѾͷҿŴʦƽϣȻȥˣǡԽԽֱӾ̲סڵͳ⣬ųţȴŮΪôģʱһۣ˵ʲôҲûˣֻܼӿϣֳܸǰϵֳ
ȻҲǲ绰ֻΪ֪绰ûãͱϴΡ
Źֵķ⣬һͳλԻͿ첽ڿһѯʱʱʱͿڵǸƭӣ٣·ɣ
λԻ⣬žʹӿڴóһԿףһ̽ȥ
ףԿףǰסǶŹ֣¶һԾԾԵı飬սȭͷȻϴγһοһλԻڣʮ
Ͼ֪λԻȻûȴǱҪϴĶθֶĶ֡
͵ģͻȥλԻͷҲ̧һ䣬һԵԿ׾ͼ
Ҹ㣬ǸƭӿеſˣǲŶأȻλԻģ֮󣬻Сĵһ䡣
ߣһֻ֣ܰվλԻһȴһƲмĵƺΪĻܵ˴̼λԻԿ׵ĶҲˡ
ڣŹֱһͷû뵽ôãؾĴμޱܣ˲ûߣ͵˷Կţ
ô죿΢΢üͷŹֿ˿ʱţѾһʮˣӦÿˣ룬Źִڣѱֻʣ£0.3ֵĹǿת0.1ֵȷͨᳳ֮Źغòţſȥ
΢ŹֱӾȥšҲڷŴһ̣Ҳһ˷ܵĵͽУˣ
̫ˣ졭ŸջһͿŷŵĴ󿪣¶εĶŹ֣֮⣬ԭķŭᣬڿŹֵһ̣ͻȻһ˿⣬󣬾ȫŭ档
Ȼ棿ƭӣϴˣһҪÿŭ˫ۣἸҧгݵĶŶŹֶݺݵĵ
٣Сӣ㱻ƭߣôװˣλԻҲǴŭŭ⣬ֱӾӵеԿףȭͷŶŹǰȥ


045 ʦ
žһǿķλԻͻٻ;УŹ֣һѾץסԷȭͷ͵һֱӾƵöԷǱȥ

һУλԻһƨɾ͵˺̨ϣһ˼ĵɴ۾Źֿ֣λԻͣǽܲ˵ʵ
λԻͿǺǿģôڡ
ûʱ棬ǻ߰ɡ
Źɫ䣬λԻ͵ֵֻ0.5ʵ̫ˣڻλԻͺֱӾͶƽĵ
ƨλԻ͵̨֮ɫһף͵شӣ׺ݵĳŶŹ
Ҳʱ¥ȴͻȻһȣס֣
ϤĺصŭһӾñЩ𾪵һżæתȥ֣ôˣ
λԻҲһ񱼵Ҳ͵ͣ
ס֣ڵĽŲڱǶݺݵĵһۣһλԻ͵ӣžСĵߵŹǰǿһ˿Ц㣬û°ɣҲãŮ޷ɧ㡭
֣˵ʲôءڷһ׶ԶŹֵ̬ȣʱһѹûðֱӾȥֱۡ
λԻҲһƣǰҲܳˣʱĹĵĵ壬
ˣһٴδŭ̧ŭλԻһֹۣס˵Ļ󣬲ѹ̽ŶԶŹֵڣ
Ź΢΢üȻһμˣǵ˵ͷ
õͷųһֱͦӣӿڴóһ۵ŵĲ棬ԼǶڵİ֢ͽˣ͸߹㣬Ҫԣ㾹Ȼ֣
еù棬Ҵһɨ֮ͻȻʹ˵ֻΪдţ֢ڣǣǰ׳μԼа֢Ƿݱ棬ȴʾ޽ӽڰ
ô£λԻҲȿⱨʱʱҲ״ˡ
ͻС־ŵ㣬ʵڡȴһ˵ķӦٴ΢ЦŶԶŹֵ
ˣڻ£߰ɡŹְڰ֣ںˡ
ҵĲһ΢΢ǰһŵʵ
´ΰɣûʱ䡣Źֿɲ⼸ȻһǷԼﻹһԵˡ
֮صһ˷š
ҲŹһֱԭصλԻͲ͵ؾѣȫ˼Ŀ
֣Ĳôôܺô죿
Ĳƭӣ
һŮλԻͣȴһֱӾŭƭӣʦƽʱȣŲǼƽϣںˣֳʲôˣҹȥ
֮͵ù棬ߡ
λԻҲٴԭط˴˺þúþã˲͵ѹŴĿ˿ķţȲ˼૵ʦôʦôᡭ
ʦλԻҲɵɵĿǵţֹ
ͬʱؼұڣǿʧѾ˽ʮСʱٳٶۣҲڲ˲ףڣٴǿĵ绰ǱѾʾѹػ
ѵǿʲô⣿ӾٴҲһʮСʱţصֻ΢΢üͷǾȥϸ̽һ¡
ȻŶŹֻǸ֣ǿںؼҲܾôԵ޹ʵʧˡ
һҹܿڼޱжȹڶ󣬶Ź¥ЩѻеĹǿѣЩ󣬲ٴ˯ȥֿʼתơ
ؼңıڡ
˵ʲôǸŹû£ҽϣ˷ʳò͵ĺӵĵ绰󣬶ʱü
ǿҪԸûһ£Էȴһ˫ݵʳ⡭
ѵȻǣǿѾǽӽ쾳ĸˣҲǺ졭ǣͱһСУĴҲʼ˿ٵ˼
үһô죿绰Ǳһѯʡ
ȡҲںոտ֮ȴֻͻȻһ绰ȵһ¡
Ǳһ䣬ȥӵ绰Ǳߵĵ绰ﴫһ̬Сμ˴ȥһ£ҽ
ǣүүһμ˴ܱүүΪģ϶С£ӹ֮󣬷µ绰ԥһֻԵлᣬ̽һʱҪ
ӦŹصֻȴһƣԭΪһֵСӣȻ⣬ƽʱҲ϶ٶȽСز¶ĸ֣ϺؼҲ⣬ƵǣôμǡɻʱдΪصĶ󣬺ȻŹֵºμȣǲֵһġ
ߣǸ֣ҲμʲôһҪԲ˶ߣ͵͵ֹһ䣬Ŵȥ


046 
ŹֲûзԼ˼ˣϾֻǶɱУù緹󣬾ͼʼתơ
ʱĻţ̫֪ľ˵գҪٴγɹתƹ0.2ֵһøոյתƿռ͵ؾ˹
εüŹ´ƣôʱʱҲͻȻˣ
ϸ֮£Ҳ̷
˵᲻ԭңϸ˿ĵһ˿Źֺܿᡣ
֪Ҫһԣȷ̫³çˣϣҪ֡һ΢εҲλԻ͡
ŹԻ¶ʱǸģ
΢΢룬ȻǸģһû´ţǼʼ˼ޱܣʵڲΪЩС˷ʱ䡣
һμޱܣתƿռ󣬶Ź΢΢һ£ĺڣʱҡҡͷֽתƿռ䡣
һΣڼޱ֮󣬶Źٴοǵţ˯С
⣬λԻȴһʮˣû˿λԻھһҲ֪˵ģ̾ɫ΢΢ࡣ
ô죿ˡüͷյĿ档
ǰȷǲԣӦõġλԻɫΣ˵ǸֱӣûǰϵҶŹֵ鷳ôǸֱӣֱӲޱ
صԺѯ˸ݷͨ˿¡
ֱڣλԻͶǵݷ˵ĻôͻȻȤˣ˵ͨҲھһ֣μҵھɱھȷһЩִ֢ȴˣΪԹܵͣһھĺ֣ڹϻȲɱھ֣ͨÿһΣߵҲСִƼôʢ󲿷ֲ֢ҽֶο
ò˵ݷĻλԻܵ˺ܴ𶯣ھģÿһΣԼĺ˶С
õǰ֢ǼĲ֢ˣǶŹְһΣ˺ֻж˼ҲϧĹΪβãȻ֣ҪǽȥԼԼˡ
Խ룬ԽòλԻͲȲľ͸ŹֵǸ
ڶŹֱŲľ棬λԻ¸ûһ˿գӲĺܴ󣬵ڻûָ컹ǡ
ţλԻͲͻȻһ̧ͷᣬһΰƣʲôʱ֪֪
һǰɡȻЩλԻΪʲôôʣǽ˳ȥԺΪٿֹѶŹֶƽ˳ҸǺݺһͨ
һǰλԻһһܵʱ䣬ѵŹֻûлָĵжɱھߣھϣһܳ׻ָ
΢΢˼һ£λԻֵ˼ΣÿμǶʱ䣿
Σһǰٴε
λԻ⻰ֱӾɫһ䣬Խ֤ʵ˶Źÿƣĵھ˵ΪˣҪǱһܲܳ׻ָһ̣ɫҲԽѿ
ף㵽ôˣǺĴԷɫ
ѽˣζǲԣôһҪǸλԻ΢΢ƳǣȴԽӣᶨ˾ģԼĵǸһҪг⣬ڲǣҪŵİɣһֱȣȵΪֹ
Ȼ¿ĺԭԼ
⻰Ҳ˵ͷ֪λԻ͵˼ȴ֪˾ףҪ˵ΣλԻ͸εĶ࣬ϾΪ˰ġ
һСʱھŹִԵ£һתƣھܴﵽͣȻתһΣͻƣֵ1.2
ҲʱȴͻȻ⾹Ȼ͵͵ĺ
ףûߣŹһóֻ˿ȷѾСʱ
Ƭ̺´˷ţҲһ˲䣬̾ȫ̧ͷ
㡭Բ𣬶ԲǲԣΣһεǸĻᣡվСʱλԻ͵ȶ΢΢Щ飬Ǽæڵ
Բ𡣡ҲڵһʱλԻ͵Ļ˿ڣһǸεĶ˶Ź֡
ˣѾȥˡŹЩ죬û뵽˻һֱվȣƽҲˣûǣǻǻȥɡ
λԻһ㶣ΪŹ
Ҳһ㶺󣬾ͼĵҰְֵĲ
ܵĲҳʱƵġŹִһ䣬ٴתš
ں󣬶ŹֲּڴϿʼתƣαܺ󣬵ȥ̽ϢʱŷѾ뿪ˡ
һҲٶ룬ֻŬ1.2
һ󣬵ٴʱҲڷԼֵȵͣ1.2ûΪССĽֹͣǼʼתƣֵֹ࣬Ҳڵִ1.3Ǻͺֵȡ
Ҳʱһֻ𣬵ץֻȥʱͷʾһİ롣
ιôλԻ͡ǱߵöŹһ㶣͵ңʲô£
ģ֪Ϊ˾壬ĺܴͨĶҲֲʲôǡμҽЩҪܻаҲͬˣԳǮǲ֪ԸԸܡλԻͼæĿģĵ£λԻȴһ⣬ΪúΣԾһֱŸôֿıʾһǸ⣬Ҳ֪ΪھߣͨҲʲôãҲһֱͷ۸ôźá
ǡɵǣμպжҪˣλԻȻûжٶҪȴҲ֪Щ϶ߵģԸһϼƣ£ԴҲͬȻЩϲֲԼĹˡ
Ҵҽ֮λԻ׷ʵӦĻھȥ㣬һСʱͿʼˡʱȥöõģͿ
ŹֱӾˣ˺þãͻȻЩЦԷǵİ룬μҪģ˳ɾöָǲԼӳȥģλԻ͡
󣬶Źָ뿪ھܾͻȻְѵߵĻ˻ȥֻΪͻȻȥ᳡һ£ûкôȥٿԼ֤ЩǿߵֵȷԼƲȷ⻹Կڹڵ磬˵ĴΪʲôӡ
ңȥˣҲ±ֶ鷳ֳϣû˻֮󣬿ºؼҵἯȥ׷dsʱ뱨Ҳûôɡ
ϸ˼һ飬Źڿڶŵ绰Ǻãȥ
õģȥ㣡һֱ˼Źֻ᲻ӦλԻ̷ͣһϲĵͽС


047 ֵ
ܿ죬λԻ;͵ִ˱һλԻͣŹȻ˵ЩʲôſڣȴʲôҲû˵
Ǻǣ㵽ʲôĻ巢˻ֻҪ㿴ϣǮûϵŹֲ˵ʲôλԻڿڽһҲٶ˵ֻǼųϡ
ôԼ˰Сʱ˲һƬ㳡ǰͣ£³ǰߡ
ʱŹҲϸ·ˣȴִʱڹ㳡ģͨˡ
Ǻǣˣ磬źýȥλԻͻȻЦЦ˵˾öŹ־ЩĪĻ
ֱ˵ִſ׼ȥʱλԻͻ˼
٣ٷԸûλԻҪŶŹڣſڵ̾һɫ޵ĳ˴ɫ
֪λԻЦһ£ŵɸ磬ҲͨˣֻҪȥˣͲֵᷢġ
ٴβĿŹ֣ôҲְ
ŹȻ֪λԻֻǵ绰˵ɣԭûаܴȥεЦЦŵǾˡ
𡣡λԻ̼ˣֱϾ¶һ˿󣬡ɸ磬ͨ£
١ҲΣô˵λԻͲμӵܣ룬ӲЩɵĵǲͨˣҲǲУֻǡ
û£û¡λԻһϲæתͷԶŹֵֻҪ¶һھΪˣ֪ʵҲھһ֡
Źһ㶣ô¶һΪȴֱ֣סԷʱŹ̾͸еӶԷзһɵġΪɲֱ۾Ҳֻⲿھ͵˻ȥ
Ӳ͵һϾ¶˼Ϊ𾪵ı飬һأ
ͺͨһ꣬ȻѾǺǿˣֻǶʮңҪ֪μһֻηһ֣һڶʮʱ̤ģǰꣿ
٣Ҿ˵λԻҲһ˿𾪣ȻѾƲŹֿǺ֣ڵõ֤ʵʱ΢΢һѣλԻͲѹ¾ȣɸ磬ǿԽȥ˰ɣ
ȻЩԾǵ˵ͷȿλԻʹŶŹںͻȻóֻ˺롣
٣ٴһֽȥˣʵסʶǸǿߣֻжʮҡõģ֪ˡ
᳡ڣŶŹһǺλԻŵ㿴ʲôģҪˣҿԴҴȴҴġ
ǺðɣллˡŹһЦԼҪöָôô˵ͻȻ֣ʵλԻͳֱһ֮⣬˻ǲġ
󣬾úٶ᳡ŹŤͷȥֻһһ٣߰ʮ꣬Լʮ߰꣬˵ֵ߾06.5꾫00.9
Ź˿Ҳ͵ؿ˶Ź֣Źϼæ¶һ˿΢Цȴһģμһ˲Сģֵߴǿߡ
˿Źֵ΢Цϵͷ굹Ҳæ¶Ц⣬˾תͷȻһλ¡
ԴԺ󣬽᳡ҲԽԽˣЩ˴٣ڶŹֵһһɨ£ǵֵߵĻϣ͵һȡ
ԽŹ־Խȣ֪ȻǲԻԸ̾ʱŲ˽󣬶Źһֱ΢ЦؾһǺһĿİ׷ߡ
ֵǾ01.3ȴǾ07.4
ҲڶŹɫͱʱҲֱһ˿ɻ󣬶һ䣬Ŀ˲ͱɭ
󣬶Ź־Ϳ߶ߵһ䣬߿Ŀ⣬Ҳ˲
壿ؼҺصѵأֵ7ôŹɫ䣬ֻǲźۼתƿߣ˼
ߣȴֱӾͳŶŹھһȥ
󣬺Ļ٣Ź֣ΪǺǿߣͿҺؼңѹǿȻ
ʱĺ𾪣û뵽Ź־ȻҲʸμᣬȻյμҵ룬ôֻ˵ԭСӣҲһǿߡ
Ȼе㲻ţʵǰǰµĻ㱨˵Էÿζ˵ʳ֤ǿˡ
ŹŻȻתͷͷߴʱȻע̨һȴˮĿƵĽ
ؼңϺߺ󣬶ŹȴǶԶԷĻЩЦԷǣΪؼңѵֻԼɹǿϵֽţǲؼң
ŹҲýͣһĿѾﵽˣʵȷҴƶϣԵӦþǺصĺ塭أȻ78ֵ֮ʮֻҪʱ䣬ܴﵽ


048 һöָ
Ҳڴʱк̨߳Ӱ̾˻᳡˵ע
һһ࣬·η·˫ֿУֱ̨߳˫ֱȭ·һˬʵЦлλͬ༸ֱ档
·˵ͬʱ˫һºӵηҲ΢Цĳ̨һһʾ⣬Źʱȴ˸һ˿Ĺ
ǺǣϿˣ˵ʵͷӸΪʲô£ǰţһİСֱӾҲվЦŷʡ
Ǻǣ˵ϲģô겻һΪ˶ҲûͷˣòֻɰɣһҲ˻żɨηеĺʱȴ΢¶ɻ·ôôΪһĶɣ
ȷֱڣ˶֪μΪλôôǰֻΪμЩ֪ʵʵ˵ţȻҲͱܶᣬֻǿ·Ӳȥ˵ġ
μô󶯾Ϊӣ̨£ڶŹֲԶĺҲʣĻֱӾúһȣؼôô죬ȴûһ㽨үүʣȻеѿ
̾һЩʧĿ˺һۣżΣ̨ϡ
̾úɫٶȴ䣬Ͼ죬ڼڵλǺүүĵһ񣬵Ͱʧܡһ̨̣ϵĿ⣬̾ͱԹ
̨ϣ·ٴν󣬾һ֣֪ڳɻ󣬲Ա֤δԻ᲻Уʼɣ
õġηͷСĴ򿪺ӣ˫źбߣ̨չʾƷ
̨¹ٵȺֱӾȫһͣ󲿷϶¶ΪŹֵɫ
ָǰ˶ͷƤҲûõμҸǿģһöָһöָʲôã˵ļû˿ӡʲôָʲôã·ΡƫƫΪöָôǰ
ϼһﵽ׸ʲôҲǿһĿ࣬˿·ô˵֣£ΪһöֱָҪ̫
ȴǰһɨһ᳡в˶¶ʱʱ;Ǹᣬʵʵ˵һ·ôˣʾ˶ãвǰμûʲôϵμұϾºʡͷ֮һôļʵ֣صֱϵӵȥ룬ǰЩμûģҲδػֱӣϾûû飬ֱӣûܾͱɽˡ
˵·ױдϣ֣µıзǳҪ£˼ظЩ˲ˡ
֮ͻȻԼһˣȻΪһöָǱϷˣˣֻҪסᣬ΢ɿһ¡
һ̣ɨۺ壬ֱӾ͵վӣúǹŹֵ֣μҰѹô೤Զǧ뵽ϳǣνķǳҪ£ôһöڽָɣҲδ̫ϷˣѵλҪμָʹɣ
һ仰ֱӾ̨ɫ䣬̨˵Ŀ⣬ҲЩǰǲμҽ񣬼϶Էȷʵ˵зǳҪ²ģڡǶҪμҺ
ȴһ㶣΢΢ͷڵõĬ󣬵ҲˣֱӾ͵λˡ޶ۣҺؼȻҺμᲢۣҲЩ̣ȴ֪ʲôĽֵָЩһõģѵʲô
˵úáźĻһЩͺͺؼҹϵĲң֪ǴѹμҵĻᣬ̾һʮҵվŭĿ̨ˣүӣѵΪʲôܺ粻ɣôˣҪģ
ǣͽвô١һҲվɿǺͺؼҽãȻֵüμɨأúؼ˸󣬶ȻҲкô
Щô¶վ˵ҲʵΪǴûʲô˵ʲôֵָôǿ߹עġ
ż˵Ʋ̨˵ɫҲԽԽѿˣЩμҽõģ̨ϵɫҲЩζȻμҹϵȴҲǵμңЩǴȥЩɾΪˡ
μһӾͼΪöָ˵ĵ⣬̨ϵ·ȴһ򶨣ηȴŽָ˿ڣλǰμҾϷŪλ˼ҲӲ˵μҿԺ磬ȻΪöָԱ֤öֵָôһΡ
ǣ֣ȴʵڲָ֪ʲôãֵôǰȴЦһٴε
Ǻǡη΢Цſ˺һۣŵȻλǰɻڷͽöָãǾߣ˭һعأֱӽأأֱӽءһöرǾֵôҸϳһεġ

ֻһ仰̨һ˲˳׵ţ˵Ŀȫηŵöָ˲ֿη·˺þã͵ǰֻЩڵСڶţôھЩϳɳصҲ̲סˡ
ƨֱһɺԣĪμΪǶǰ׳ղɣ
Цˣһöָöؽأؽأˣɵˣ
ֱǻ֮μүѵ׳˲ɣȻ꺢ͯŵĻͣ
԰˵ǹŴһ˿ֵޡ

ҵĻУ̨ȫˣģ˿̨˵Ŀ⣬ҲԽˣһΣǳױμϷŪˡ
μңֱѰ·һӵô壿վڶŹĺʱҲڴӴ˹һЦ⣬μôĿģֱǳؼôȥ׷졣
ЦЦţͻȻ͵һתͷ˶Źֱ֣ӾһƬ̺ϷŰô˵μشˣһӵôңԺ󡭡ƲμҵвؼȻǡʱԼһεļһ


049 ָ
Ⱦһ£ི䡣ЩʧصΣ·ٴο˿ڣָǰһߵ֣Ļܷʾ
·㵽ҲЩã⻰վʹ̨ڽ·ʱ򣬲ôܵ˵ͷӣ㵽ô£ҾҲﲻ˰ô׵£ҲҽڣöҩһԲѣָ
Ǻǣ֣öָʱеʹ࣬Ǿ󿪣̥ǵʹҪи׼·ȴԶԷĻţֻʾηǰ
ϣһ¡ηＱæǰ˫źӵݵ˷ǰ
١ļԼĺȫᣬʱҲЩգ΢ŭĶηһۣүүͣЩϺͿˣôᣬѵԴҲˣ
ôܽ⼸仰Ҳη͵رЩЦõֱӾȥץǽָҲڷǽָʱһɾҵ˺ѸУֱӾָʼӿ֡
ףĴ󾪣֣ٴοǽָʱоͳ˾ôܣһö˿ĽָܸҴʹ⡭
֣˰ɣ·ȴ΢΢һЦɨһ̨ˣִʱЩ˶ĵĶʱʱֶԷĵ̥ǵʹֻǳӣ֣ϹͷŲסɣ
˭ˣһ΢ŭĿ·ٴȥָȻһʹдɷȴӲҧܣվԭأҲʼ΢΢Ĳ
һĻ̨ʱٴһƬž
̨ϵķɫף亹ֱ·Ȼȫʮ־ȣϾĲô˵Ҳһصĸ֣һôΪһöָóУ
ǣ·ղ˵ָ󣬻̥ǵʹ
ô£ѵöָ̥ǣ
˵Ժ˲ðͬɻ󣬲ɻҲֻһţܿͱ˵
һöָô̥ǣ̫߳
̨˿ͽζⷽģڰ·Բѣ̨¡
ЩμҹϵģȻð·Ҹ̨Ҳǻ£ȴҲ׷ĵһ˿УѵϷҲͿ˲ɣΪϷԲѣҲ̫˰
ЩؼҹϵģǷ׷׿˺ͺϾؼҲĵͷߣμҵ϶ͷ
ǺǣүӣţҲһ֣ʵ飬ɣܵעӣٴοڣ̨ϵĿ⣬ȴһƬŪ¸ǰɵƣ˭֪շĺεʱйĽ飬ôԣǶɵӺŪô
ǲңأҧصķȴ͵һŤͷһŭĿ
˼ȻԴȴҲֱӶһ֣æһֵ
һֱûжĺȴͻȻվһЦģ˭֪·Ľ飿ʵ飬̨ûж˻ţɣ
Ц֮󣬺ֱӾ̨̤ȥĺ·Ҳǲм
ԣɺүĺãʱҲ˵ʲô
ǣɺү顣
Ҳʱߵ˾ͷٴ˵ʲôķȴͻȻһͼı۾󲻹ӣۣһΣۺȴֱӺ˺£ֻĶ˴ֵĽָ˫иǱһҫ۵ľ⡣
⡭ôܣأ
Ϊȵľ仰ĶЩʧ˵ĹޱȣһӾû᳡ڵʧ˸ɾ˸ȫġ
Ҳһַͣܿӳ˹¸һ˿УģڻҪ·ԲѣأǼֱǻ֮ǰǺأöָͺˣ
еĲֻǺ壬̨֮ҲȫǷ׷ҡͷϷϷҲݵ̫ˡ
ֱ̫˼ˣû뵽ˣ˵ˣѵ˵˵ͿԴﵽô
ֱ޻̸֮ĳ

̨ЩͺμҹϵҲҴҲܲһδεŪ˶ֱվӣŭ
һƬָ𣬷ȴǳһֻǴǽָ˺þãͻȻһ飬ֱץס·ΣҪöֶָó
رμڵõ֮󣬲ֹȥΪó°ɣ
·ȴһΣҲ밡Ϊ˸õĽָôɡ
Ҳʱڴֱ̨Ӿ͹һЦ͵һѷĵļͷһЦ֣ˣҺĳɣ
ĵ£ȴһƬģҪҪƤϻ쵰ڻϷ뿿һݼŪңҲ̫˵˿ˣΪǶǰ׳ô


050 
㣿ıһģټϿһı֮ɫʱŭ뷢ʱ·ȴæ֣Ǿúүһ԰ɡ
ãȻŭ½ָ壬ֻڿҪݳָʱĵĶȴ͵һͣƺЩᡣ
ٴһЦôῴ¶ɵĲᣬ־ȥץǽָ󣬵ָӷùָʱ˶ʱһͣеı鶼̼ɢתһ˿
ô£Ǿҵʹ࣬˶ЩɵˣĻʹѵղŵķģϷ
ʵȴû̫ʱ˼ӽָϷʹܿ˺ÿһһ˺ѰʹܿأɫףҲɪɪ
һĻ̨ʱҲٴһƬȻ
ô£˭֪ؼҺμЩͷڻ˺ȥԣôҲ⸱
˵ĴԶת䣬ҲûǰЩɺŭֻȫĶź壬ȴӣϵʹ֮ɫ͵ɢҲǼ۾ٴʱһĴԺз
ôܣأⲻܡ
̨£У˶û˼ȫĻû壿μһƭ˰
Ǻǣλͬŵģһ¡·ʱȴ΢Цֹ·˾Ϳ˿ڡ
Ļ䣬ԺžһվӣҲһߡ
ǣǰ
·Ļߺֱ̨ܿʱԾ૵ĵﲻܣĶǽֱָںͷһģŰ˹󣬺ҲǱһž⣬ߣƱ˵Ŀ·Σȷָóģ
ǣ۸ߵã·΢΢ۣԥĴ
Ļشٴúɫһ䣬½ָݸߣͷҲصľ̨ȥֻǶ̶̼·ɫȴһֱڲסı任ߵλʱһѾûһ˿Ѫɫ
үүô£״ȴǴһ
öָģһعһǿƽľͼⲢ£µ·Ȼóֻ˵ﻹУұöҪãǺؼ鷳ˣЩָõģ
ʲô˲Ȼɫ䣬ָģƲ⡭
ŵĿ̨ʱֻҲѾ·ζĿ
ܿ죬Ҳϣһ𾪵ġôܡ̨ٴһƬš
һΣ̨˷̾˸죬ԡ
˼Ŷ˽ָܿҲʹС
һСʱôҴҶ̨¸ˣﶼ˰ָһ֮ŵĻ᳡ųһƬ֮С
⾹Ȼģ̫˼ˣҸղžȻĴﵽ˺أ
أղŵĸоأ⵽ʲôָѵ䣿
öָǰ׼һҪ£ܸĴۣ
⾹ȻġȻġ
һƬĵ̨ȫĿƵĶ̨ϣо޾ĿȺ̰
Ҿһ·ȴ⣬ͿڵָĹãشѾˣôڣǾͿʼöָ޵ͼۣɾģ۸ߵá
仰̨̾ͼž˶ǻĿĹˣ϶¶ڱصõı飬˽ָرôУ
þ֮ȴһֱû˱ָֽۣͲӦ׵Ǯļֵкܶ˾ǲ֪ñʲôļλǺʡ
иҪһ㣬ЩңȻ֣ҲûиɵйĴڣ̫ߵļλҲδõó
ֶúһһȣҳǧ򣡡
˻᳡ԭޱȵķΧ˲и˲٣˶Ǹߣ˷ֶԷֻʮҵʱʱˣǧֻһӣҪҳֶѣΪģҲֻǴƸղŵĽ֡
ǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡

ִ֮󣬸Ҵ̾ྺۣܿͰѼλƵڶ࣬ˣ޼
ȴǿһֱĶŹһĿ࣬˵ǰЩȥ̽ǽָʱϵֻΪ˲ɲװģôڣ𾪵ͷƤˣһöָԣܹѲʱ˳ڣȻĵң
Ҳʱһֱûжĺؼңɺͷźվ˾ȺڲԶĶŹľ㵺ʹͣʱһ㶣һôгԹڣ󣬺о¶һ˿мǺôûвرһΪ
ֻڣС𾪵ĿɿڴˣֱǶֵ
һ̣ջߣ̨ϣǺؼңڣ
һ仰ͰѼ۸̧һ̾û᳡ȻЩڵĽǮҲȲöָҪԣǣ治ҲرעҵϵķչڣѾǵĲܷΧ


051 Ϣ
ԼҳڡžҲֻǳĬƬ̣һٴڣһٴΰѻ᳡ڵע˹ȥ
ŹĿɿڴĿӣֿ˿ڣڣöǼߵָ¶ͨߵҪȶö࣬ҲֵǧˣǰǼ۸һ·ڣѾڵá
ϺԼңҲתͷӣȻںϳǣμҲƴ󣬿ɺϳǱڷչһеȳУһóڣѾǺؼҵļˣǼҵԭΪһӰѼǮ̫һܻסˣ֪ЩǺؼǮĻǴڡ
ҳڣҲںüͷʱһҲվſּһڡ
ڣ᳡ڴ󲿷Ҷû˾
ξֻҪμңǴָˡҲЩʵĿ˿ŵ
ԼҺҼֱۣѽָļǮʮңսᣬʤģԼӡ
̨ȡָ߽ҵһĿƵĶвж˲Сɱȴ̹Ȼصλ󣬺ܿͰѽָĵݸԵˡ
Ҳֱʱ˲һԼߣ˶ʶǺصĸ֣ٴöָǾǺأ޽ӽ쾳硭ԼұϺһҲΪӴǵ֮ĵһҡ
ۼöָûȾָϣ᳡˲Űע⵽μϡ
֣öָʲô֣ˡªţôûŹ侹Ľָ
ǣϣöָʲôָμһûУ
μǴָ

̨ٴһƬңʵ⣬ǣμҵĻܣֻҪǸ˶ش𣬲Щ鼫ȵ£ǲʧ̬˳
˵Ԥϣ·ȴһЦ󣬵öָǰ˯֢һι˵dsʱίμġشҿҲӡǰ˯֢ٲ¶dsʱҽ̳һӡ
£ʵ·ҲΣȣdsʱ˵ֻҪεĺãԺͻóָֽۣѸߵεרμңμңҲΪŷⳡģò˵ҲμΪǵ£Ǿһⳡûdsʱһֱô죿
ԼССֻҪһ˿ܣͻμϾöָ˶ʶˣȴֻһܵõôô죿ֻܴμ֣̽ԴʱdsʱҪĲ֣μҿɾˣǻ繫dsʱϢҲǸμһ·
ϾֱڣμҸû취ϵdsʱԷȻ˵˻Ǳֽףһ˺Ŷû˵Ǯ֪θԷͲòйˡ
ΣҲˣͱؼңμҺͺؼںϳභʮأȻ˵Ա˴֪֪ףȴҲμǰûرԶ׼ģμǰָֽ·ͺͺؼƽԴˣᱻؼҴѹһͷڲ˵ֻҪȥԺ侲˼һҲܲ³ţϾǰdsʱҽ̳˵ж͸ϳηϢڻ̳öء
ҲΪˣ·ǲò˵ָԴٴεʱҽûĽָҲǺ֪顣
·غ󣬻᳡ٴһƬţ󣬲
ҼˣƪҲǵȷ˯֢Ժ󣬵һ¶档
dsʱҽôôӵֲ˼Ľָʲôˣ
μռ˴ˣôϵڱĺ£ΪʲôdsʱϵĲǣ˵ָֻֽһ²ϾֲȱǮ
˭Ҳ̫ˣ

׷զզУ¶Ķ̨ϣ·Ҫֱϼһǲ˵ѣȷˣָĳϣԷ˵ѣϾҲ˼ʮ꣬ǰδμֶ
ĽָҲֻǸأޱȵdsʱӵˡ
󣬺ֱӱֱ͵͵ĶԺӽ쿪ʼһеһҪҲdsʱݣҪܹעμҵһУֲָֽ̫ˣҪöμҾܳ׳ԽǺؼҡ
ǣүүҲǳϸɫҲ΢΢ЩףǰֻҪö·أʱѹһͷ˵Ϊ˵õָֽҲһμǰδеĺƣʱμѹؼң϶ŰæǺؼҿɾ;Գܲ
Ҳڴ󲿷ȫڷ׷׵dsʱʲôˣʲôôӵĽָʱҲһ𾪺Ͳ˼ĶŹ֣ʵĵӵ𾪣һ˿
û뵽ԭΪԼѾָܿͨߵĹЧˣɻСָֻ̫࣬һöѣЩҼڼڵľۣ¼ֱǿֲôˣڶߵ׷dsʱһˣⲻܲеš
᳡ܴ󣬵˵׾ٵıս˶С
ڣŹ»һֻУֻΪһСľȻ׬ڵңǰӸմ׬˼ʮ򣬿Ҳû뵽öָĳʮڵۣǷָμɣڰԭΪֻǼǧѡ
ֻǣöŹƵǣôμҪֽ϶ǲеģ˻ױ©ݡ


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Ϊӵ뿪μУϵԺ󣬶ŹֱӾ˹ǿȻ뿪
ȷʵļƲѾЧˣؼҿ϶Ѿʼ׷dsʱˣٷɢ̫Ͼô˵Ҳһ֣ôװƽġ
ټϽڻ᳡Ѿͺ棬ǿһˡ
˹ǿ֮󣬶ŹֲּʼתƣһҹҴһιڶϣӵ¥ԷʱͻȻͼһ綯ӽͷʻڳϵ˷ܵĴеͣ˳ѰdsʱʵϢ֪ߣͽһǧ򣡡

һ仰ֱӾ·˵ע⣬ֱӾͣ³ӣӳ¨ץһѴֱ˶׷׷ͷ飬ֱӰΧܿ죬ͱһա
ŹҲں棬ֲ̿Ŀ˿һŴվ·ߵе֣ͷ濯ǵĵȷ͡
˻ؼҽԺΣЧֻʱҽܹң֪ߣϵˣһǧ򡭡
ҴɨŴ֮󣬶ŹֱӾˣЩһİ취
˻мʶ֪ЩҽԺβ˵ĲֻʱҽΣһǧ򰡣Ҫ֪ʱҽģǾͷˣ
ǰһһҶѾˣξȻһǧ򣿰ЩǮ˵󰡣˶ô࡭
Ҳ֪ʱҽλ᲻¶桭
һۣŹ̾͸еһͷǰһˣȻ֪⴫ϢǼٵģϾ׶ô˵Ҫϧһдҵġ
ŹָͷľǣֻǴ桢ý塢桢ӹ桢һ쿪ʼǷһǵصϳǣеĹ涼ԼⲡǲҪdsʱҽΣЩҲһǧֲǵ󣬾Ȼ˳ǧʵϢ
ϳǣҲ˳׷ˣڣҲȫһľ֢ƷdsʱܾεĹˣȻҲż˻ɣǲʲô֢Եв֮ĳ㹻һǵĽǮ˶ˡ
ڽͷ·˶Իʮ䶼dsʱйأѰ˼棬õġԹûʺҲڶʱڳȫˡ֪dsʱĲ֪ȵȡ
⵹ǸöŹٴһĿ࣬״ЩɣԼöָóȥؼҵעľǲЩˡ
ô˵ؼʱӦûʱ鷳ˣŹҲȫĵͶתС
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ƽҹתһֱֵסȹܣֵڵִ2ĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ׼תʱȴ͵һһϲ
ֵѴﵽתƼޣʱ޷תơ
ҪתƵһ׶ΣҪռ䣬Ƿռ䣿
ռ䣿ܽˣŹֵϲþǷĵģϾһռѵѾ֪ѵҪԣȻЩɻΪʲôϴûֱֵָӵִ2.1ȴûдռ䣬ôֿˣǺܿѡǡ
ǰһһŹ־ͽǸڵС㳡ٴγֵĿˣŹĶϲá
ЦݺܿʧˣֻΪִֵ2֮Щһӵܣǲûжܱȫ
һδα͵Ϯռ䣬סһŹֵƿ֪ǣһεĿˣҲھļӳ֡
£ҲѰˡ
ӳһɵھһٶȣӳɵھһٶȡ
ſ˵ĺתھӳ̶ֳȣŹֵľֱǲҲ̶ãֱֱѵٴΣٴΣɸϿ˵Ĳ
ŶԷٶȿ磬Ҳӳ㹻ھʱǱߵٶȴ͵ȴƲô޴Ĺԣ˵編ھڶʱл磬ֱӾһӻԷķλ©󱳣ͻᱻٴͻȻٵĿ׻ɱ
ڶԷٶȱǵʱ򣬲һͬ٣ͻᱻһȦصֵϲ
ٴκ󣬶ŹȻҲصĸоԼĲ㣬ҲʵƵ
һεѵֹҪѵҵķӦжھתֻдﵽһ˲תھпͻؿ
ϸ˼һ£ŹֺԥĽתƿռ䣬һΣٿܿܵĹ¶ԷǿҵΣոоѾͷҲôȥᣬֻץԷǰÿһÿһ룬ܵϰھתͿơ


053 
һΡΡΡ
ſܵĳ͡˻Ź̵ʱڿٿھĳ̶תȥӦܵɱٶȣ֪˾ٴΣֻ֪һѵķʱ䡣
࣬ռڣ˽ΣܺͿתĿ벽ܶԷκһ̻ǿٶȣһȴΥͻȻֹŹֶڵһʱͬ
⣬תһʱǿܲͻȻֹͣ˶ٺͶŹ־űƴӦԼھĿơ
ǾվĶ漸֮⡣
ʱŹֲ͵һһû취ʱ򣬾ͻתʽ
ѵǸӦɱѵ᲻ỹǺϴһֻ޷ֱٵֵӰҲ˼ʱǿȴûٴλûΪֵ˫ԭնͫУͻȻųһҫ۵ľ⡣
ףŹһ⻹ǵһοܵɫ仯
ҲͬʱֱӾ͸еΧĿһһɻɵһͷ
һ̣ܵϢţŹͻȻ͸е͵һ˿ֻš֮⣬ƺǿܵͻȻŴԭҲһ̱ñǿ
·Լһֻ˽µϣܱԷǯ£ǽûԷԿ
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Źֵľֻһ˲Ͳ·һҶۣޱ׳ļХƮҡַ·ڱеһֻСʱܱԷ˺飬磬ͻȻȥɫ·׹޾Уһֱڲͣ׹ԶûоͷΧûһ˿ֻ޾ĺڰžѹ֡
޾׹УŹ޾ľͱ֮⣬ҲƵķŴźһԺǱըһ㣬ȥʶ
󣬵ٴλָʶʱŹ־ͺȻķ֣ԼѾصסڡ
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ȻԼǿܸĹܿܺͶԷ͵бľйأǣĲ֪ôԷɱġ
˺þãŹֲһҧٴνռ䣬󣬿ٴαһ󾫹⣬һϴεľŹٴĵռ䡭
ô£
ŹִʱǾã⵽ô£Ȼ֪ôģ־Ƭ̣˼ƽľ֮󣬶Źżռ䣬һεĽɺǰͬܵӸκζֻһۣ
ڹ֮󣬶Źַûǰľţܿʹֻֿаѳʼѵ
һΣֲֿĸоٴγʱŹȻ֪ӦԣҲĲ²⣬ǾƺһֻֻǲᶨűֲֿϢġ
֮󣬶Źֲܲľɥ֮⣬һ˿ֿɻŬƽľһ֣ȥӦʰĿ־塣
һΣΪһ˿ֿǣŹڱǰζƬ̣ٴαΣΡŹĴԽԽ࣬ŹֵļֵʱҲԽԽ
ڣڲ֪ڼεʱڿԽԽᶨһͻ޾ĺڰѹ֣ľٴαѹ֮ǰͻȻһ⡣

ԽԽֱҫпռ䣬һֻصԭռ䡣
ɫҰޱȵĶŹ־Ϳ˼һĿˣԷȷͷβû˿ֻǴżΪ˵ĹĶ
ͨ飬ҪҪɱħ
Ҳʱһµ̷˶ŹֵԺٴһ飿ղʣܣħ
ҲǵʱŰһεĿ飬һεϵ
˵ھת˲κγ̶ȵתǶԷӦĽһѵô飬ƺһɱӦĽһ
ɱ֮
ҲڶŹͷתʱͻȻͶˣԷֻǼ򵥵ǰһŹȴͻȻŶԷ̤ܱߵͻȻͿʼ˱һնĺڶֱɳһƬƬգ߾һХ̶ĺХڶдܳ£Īֱ˶Ź֡
ǣԷһ̤ݻ磡
ǰҡϡ£ŹٴηеĿռ䶼ѹ˽޾ıۺ;ٴηӵϮھε֮󣬶ЩҲһĵֿͷһٴӿ֣ѹѿռ䣬ڱһ˿̶ܱߡ
󣬶Ź־Ϳǿ˫ĿŹĴѵ̤֡
һֳͱ磬ٴηݡ
һ̣ŹһǾͿֻţû˲Կ˻ƣȴûһ˿ֻֿΪûһֿһСָУ
ֻ޽ӽԼȭͷһţһԵŹֱеؿڷһ˵ʹȻţһ

һŵ˼ļУ͵˫ۣӴһԾ͸͸ëһŲҰ׵˼㣬ûһ˿Щɫӡ
ֲ̫ˡ
ȴ֪ռеĿܣͷβֻɱΣʵе𣬿ǿΪϢȴѾŨ˼Ϊֲĳ̶ȡ
Źָ֪ǣתƿռһиѵ޷ʵһΣľϵĴݲУȴһ˿˿ʵ


054 Զ
վڴϿֻ˺þãŹֲ𽥻ָѪɫ󣬵ٴռʱĵ²֪ôľһ˿⡣
ȴû̫⣬ѡ˽롣
һΣûƵ޾ľͿֻţֱһٴδݻĿռ䣬޾ѹȺϢĶ˶Źֵ
һʹ˻УԼȴܵĿֻţŹһɫҰ׵ĵ˳
ô£ҵôô죿סɪɪŹֶͷҲðһεκ飬ڸֹһ䣬˦˦Դһνռ䡣
ΡĴΡ
ʮ֮󣬶Źٴεռʱһ˫۾Ѿİݽۿ֮ڣɫҰ׵˿ֲ԰׵촽ն񣬻һߺʶʬ
ô£ŹԺв˸ʣǱʶǾԼ״̬ƺе㲻ԣǶռ䣬йνľ֮ǰڣһֱĳѵѾһϰߣռˣʵӡҲѾٹ̡
Ĺ˼άȷӰΪ²ܻκˣһֱظһѭһΣôһһΡһΡеıȥ
ԣŹһνеѡ˽롣

һҾ徵ļУס¥¥żûϰһȫһæ߳鿴ȴûз˿
֣ղ˭ڽУ605ǰһʮ۶ɻ
֪Ǹڣ603Ҳ߳һӣɵɨɨ¥ڸڶŹǰ˿ջĿ⡣
Ҳ˾ɲʱ¥ȴһŲһӰʹ¥
Ź֣ǲ㣿ôˣӰǺǡݵĺʱȴһźͽղֵ˼ļУôôǶŹֵ

Ҳʱһ˼ľУٴδӶŹֵķд̾Ͱ⼸˵עȫ˹ȥ
䷿
ôˣ
أ
Ź֣쿪ţôˣ
ӵĵͽУһĵĶ쵰ҲٴδɫֱӾͻޱȵ˷š
Ҳһڴڴ򿪡
ˣڣٿڵӰ󣬶ʱȫȻһֵļС
ô
ޱȣһ΢ѪܷǴһܼޱȵĺ飬һ˫۾ǿնޱȣûһ˿鶯ֱǸմˮ̳ʬ
žУ֪ľͻȻŹ֣㲻Ҫҡôˣ㵽ôˣ
ֵʹУһѾס˶ŹֵգƴȥŴֺ˵ӡ
Ҳ¾ҵĻζǶԭûһ˿鲨۾ڲͻȻһ˿ǾͻȻĺХ˲鲼ۿ

һУŹ˫ڵǿֻź;壬ǿʱֲһ̾ͿʼȵĲһƿ͵һ¾˽˷䣬˶˽
ҪҪɱҡ
Ź֣һ羪֮ĶŹ֣۾ڵҲֹסֱӾͻʼµ䣬ǿ粽ǰһӰ˻㵽ôˣ㵽ôˣпʲôˣҡء
ҪɱҡҪɱҡ
Źȴûʶһ۾֣ɪɪѣ춼µ˼İ
ͽȥӣҲȥںʵĵͽУŹһ˹ȥ
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һ򣬶ŹһԭԾֱӾһ´İѺ§˻лллллл
춼ǽٺҺͼŹִʱĺңǵʱÿ˷ţҪ˼Σͻᱻǿܵ
ǵģռڵ֫ƣʵ棬ľѹȺ͹ȴֱ峹ױ
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055 
ûˣûˡʧʹ޵ĺ򣬶ŹͻȻһ˿ҸУԭȻôԼƽʱŮӻͷĵ׵㺣һϼ˼棬һֱʱȴ
һ˿ҸζŹͻȻֳ嶯ôһֱ§ֱá
˿оŷ𣬻еĺȴͻȻһͣ͵ֹͣ˿ݺݵ̧ͷ۶Ź֣һ죬ݺݵҧļͷ
ֻΪͻȻ𣬸ղЩƺЩˣ²£Ϊʲôôź£һ뵽һ̱ñһ̵ˡ
־£ŭ޲뿪ȴģ޷ֻҧȥ
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ŹּͷһۣҸζȻ޴棬æɿֱۣ󣬺Ҳɿ˿ڣٴζݺݵĿһִۣҴҵͷ첽ȥ
ò˵뿪ǰһۣȴǿĶŹһ٣ۺգ˵ֱӾͲһҡ
ء
ֱŴһ죬ӰҲһ󼱼ıʧڷþãŹһ㶣˹
Ǿһ˿ЦͺڡղţǸӦ֡
ķƬ̣ŹֲڻȻһ˵ĹϵûͻƣȴʼǰǰһвʵǾͱʲôˣİȫѱڣҪĻתơ
һռڵĿֲ΢΢Щɫ䡣
ô˼˺þãŹвһ˿ᶨһεѹȣʵ˺ֻϵĽ룬еĿ־;һۣŻвôֻҪÿһνǰԼᶨϣӦҲûлᡣ
˼֮󣬶ŹҲûѡ룬Ǿڴѹ϶Ŀ־壬˺ôĳƽ
ѡٴν롣
һΣԶԷһ̤ľ£Źֲžϲķ֣ȻѹȺͿֻŸɴڣǿޱȣԿܵȭͷʱȻɸеܣǾ緲˺֮ĲӴ󣬵ȻҲ˶ܵ
ƲһвҶĵֿȻԵߣϲУŹּæܣ̤ΧԭѾ˺ƬͻȻɢٴλظƽ
ᶨվǰһĺʯϣվղվλá
ľϲûɢֱܾתٴζһ̤˲䣬ٴѱޱ޾Ŀ־ϢٴɽѰ֡
ҲڶŹֳŽѵʱϳμҡ
ˣôǵصĵ飬ûdsʱһõϢȻҲв˳Ǿ޶ͽǰȥð䣬Ǻܿͻᱻ𴩡ηﳤվ·࣬㱨
ؼأ·΢΢üڷʡ
ؼѾеȥ飬ټͣȴûзκһɵηٴε
أˣöָʮ𣬻dsʱ·ͷ۵ĵطȻ᳡ָĳֻΪԷһdsʱ֣μҵ鷳û뵽¹ȥˣdsʱȻʧһҲֹڵʽûȡ
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·ɫֱһ䣬Եļ¼û˿ĺۼھȻѾǺһأ
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ǻܺdsʱйϵ˵ĵӣܵdsʱĶݺָ㣬ϾdsʱģǾˣĽָηＴǸ·ͣǸԼִͣᣬھˣֹÿʩչһΣĶܴ󣬶ִҽѧôвȫԿѧơͻȻһôᣬûۼˣȷֵûɡDsʱȻӵֿκ˹ĽָδزֱӰ
ҲųǰһֱֻܵĽжѡ·ɫ󶯣˭Сͽ̵ھ̵ˣȻҲӹ֡
ǲҪٵһ£˸һ£û쳣ηɫҲ
ҪģȻĿԺСѾĿǰΨһˣ·תʵһֱdsʱָ߸ϵˣȻҲʲôھ³ֵĺһ֣Ӧòܺdsʱϵеĵ鶼˽֣ɱŹ˼һĺá


056 ֮
ءϢһѣݣŹٴκȻķ֣ܵĲһҪľֺ;оͻֱƺÿһ壬Ժһ
һʱڶʱЩѹһֹɻ˵ͳʧȥֻٴ֣ɿһ׷
ֻĲȴž˵Ӱκ˿ԼֻһɱȴĿ־壬µʡ
ٴεռԺ󣬶Źɫޱȣڴʮӣľڻָƽͺͼͣѡ˽롣
һΣڼֹ
־ԽѹԽ־˵ķΧ£ĳɳҲۿɼٶ
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ÿһαɱٴν붼ͻһӵĲʼҪεŹֲĪѹ²ϳɳ̤һÿһεҪСĵƽľٴμᶨʱҲʮӵСʱȡ
ڣ󣬶ŹֲڿܵĲѹ£㹻һٲ
һٲڵһٲ֮󣬶ŹٴƽľͻȻͷ֣Ĳ̤ĵһӵеĿ־;ѹʵСĿڣһԶԷʱ²ֹ˶һ˿
ƺԭͨѵľУľͱ仯ͨһɶ˵Ĺֱ࣬ر

ռڣŹľȻԱƽһ˿ȴ´ϲϾ˵ҪȹǰؿֻлɱǰħܲУ࣬ӵһ˿˵ɱˡ
ڣȷһĿˡ
ٴѡ˷ѹɶĿռ䣬ŹѾֻ΢΢ɫˣǰͻȻϮסȭͷŹ͵һ˲ȫھתֱϣֻֻȭͷ
Ҳʱɫٴδ䣬ǿܿƻţٶȣȻһȻѸޱȣɵϸһȴֶԷԾţٶн

ȭͷһֱڲͣļٸƿռ䣬źƴĺХһֱϢţһŲ
ŹֵӾһͻȻΪ֮䲻סֿٵתûһ㶣ͻȻëȻķ֣ĿȭͷһӴޱȵʯȼţƴ㣬Ժƴޱȵײ
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æһŹʲôҲǿһھ񣬿ĵһ㷴֧֣еӲͷƤͻȭͷӭͷǿֲޱȵʯ

һҵı죬ֻȭͷӴΪ֮һẔ́ػ׷ɡ
׷ɵĹУǰٴһڣ׵˹ȥ
ٴʱͻȻͷһ飬Ȼǰδеƽ˿ûǰΪڶԷľµĺš
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Ҵ˳۹⿴ͼų״һֱӾ͵ͽһԭĶ֡
ʱ֮⣬һ˿˿һƣ޵ĺɫΧȥƻãֹ졣
ɫ⡭
˺þãŹֲ͵ѣһУԺһֱҪôһϡޱȵƮƣôȥˣ
Ҳʱһµٴͷ
Ƿջ֮ƣ
֮ƣŹһۣæѡǣƮλðĺƣ˲Ϳʼڷӵһգ۵ʱ䶼ûκΰ۵
֮ƣ֮ʲô૵ĵļŹֲûͷֽռ䣬һΣ֪ΪΣȿٴ̤Ǿ춯صһʱͻȻ֣ЩƾȻٴӿƣʼ˿ٵıá
ЩΧԭԾٶȱݻٵĿռ䣬ͻȻͱ࣬ϢĿ־;Ҳ˲ࡣ
Щ֮ƣԿŹһ㶣Ǵϲһת߶ھſܻȭͷӭȥ
أ
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֮ƣҲøŨһЩ
󣬵ǿٴ̤һŶŹֹʱٴԸѸ͵ٶݣ֮ҲתԽˣǴһֻͣתĺɫһ㣬ܿͻĿ־;ٴμ˲١
أ
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һҵı󣬶ŹӶѱûһ˿ֱ֪ϸ˿ڱѣѪ˿ǣ֮ҲԽԽ࣬ŨľһޱȵҹĻʼӣֱͷ
£ܵĹȻһУǶԷľѹһ£ҲԽˣԴʱĶŹЧȴԽԽС
ڣʱҪоֻֿź;ӡж׶ɱɶˣҲ𽥱һһһĶ֡
ۡ
һأ˫˸
ŹΧأҲǱиػиһ֧飬ǣͷŨī֮Ʊֻȴûá
ƺֱ۶Լһûһ˿֪ɶŹֻðϲĻȭͷӭܡ
ǵģһΣ
̤һԭ鲻Ŀռ䣬Ȼ漣˲ָƽͣٴαһ棬¶ĿܣǱˡ


057 ҹɫ
ú
ռڣ˫ۿϲĶŹ֣ɫ֮ȫȥһޱȣɫɵĹһѹˡ
ڣڶŹÿһǵѪ˳ֱۻµΣһɫȥ˲
˴ʱվԭһɶŹֵȭͷǰȴһɱֱӱһȫɵ
ÿһźɫͻԽԽϡŹ֮ƣͻԽԽŨ
ҲֱʱŹֲŵ֪˵ĻɱܣֻǼ򵥵İɱҪЩȫɢȫգ
Űɱ˹Σ˷ĻᡣԺһѣдŹӶûֻ֪Ծ̲סµĿϲֻһɼ򵥵֧ţǾǴɢաɢ
ô֪˶ãͻȻеǰһڣٴεռ䡣
ȴΪЩǰһδζԿУѵļѪܲסѪ
ٴѺ󣬶ŹһۣͻȻͷǰ磬Щ谵˵ڵ磬˻ɫЩƣʲô
ա΢΢һ֣֮һתģӾٴαҲٴλָɫʣһԾʱȴԼķɫȻ΢΢Щ
ҡҡͷŹסŹָУٴνռ䣬ǿѾڱ״ݻٵıԵŹȻҪӿȣĶؾ硣
ϳǡҹĻ٣լ⣬һŭӵĺɫˮ̤ʮˣǳ˶ʮ죬ȫ渺׷dsʱжֱڣû˿ͷ
Ȼ˺ؼ֮⣬ںϳǵĴҵĵ飬һȫǽ֣ǣĸͲǺϳǣؼȴĵͷߡǵ鲻пԭؼҡ
ڸղţϺʱɫһˮǰһһֱμҵdsʱǺؼҵĴͺԿ
dsʱdsʱ٣ǺؼҲǺϳΪʲôȴֻȥμңֱǲ߷ߵһųڣŵСĵ٣ȥ
˭֪ؼҾǱһûʲôá
ȥģŭĵ˶ԷһۣҪ˵ڳи׷ʱɫȴͻȻһ֪ͣôľͻȻˣھȥ׷飬ҲûЧЩӣȴ۵һңһصʵʱҲǰδеƣۡ
ձүѵһͨȥһ£ɫתУͻȻϳ̺쾳ʱ䣬Ϊֹ켸ûŮˡ
Ȼںһȹ̾ҲһĿ꣬ǸĿ꾹ȻʾôӲ⣿
һ뵽ͻȻͶ˾λȥ׷飬ٶȣʱ
ǣ١һ㶣æӦ
ķͻȻͱЩôûŮˣǸ÷ɷˣĿ꣬ȻҪԼڶΪ׼ڶԷϲϹɲˣõʱȻ˾ʿȣȥŮˣڣﻹֹ򣿻ֱоŸܷйʱƺͲˬ
ţӽһ뵽һǸƽʱΪܵŮӽᡭ
ٺٺ١
һĵЦǰڼݳȴ͵شһ°һֹٲ֪ҪȥĸŮˣֹʲô£ֻҪã˵ºҲˬˬأģҲ𽥱ü
ҲȷϵŮˣһܲˣ

һХӿٵ·棬Żʱʻȥ
ʱϴּո߳صǰ̨ץ̨µˮһˮºְڳְҵԵ΢Цڴ
ȻէһȥʱĹȴ֪˼ѾƮɵĲ֪ȥˡ
ļһϴζˣȻһ컹ûʲôʾ̫ɶˣôһϴζŹֵĲ״һۣϴԼ֮¶˵ЩЩŭ
ֻҲˣû뵽һ죬Ź־Ȼһζû֣ÿ°·¥ʱ̲סôˣֱŽȥÿһΣֻһ£ջʧ뿪
Ǹһ̫ɶˣѵҪȿڲô
ߣҪȿڣŶûСţɫͻȻЩĵ£ԶŹֵҲԽԽʢ
һľͷϴҶ˵ˣѵҲ˼ҷʱһ΢΢ѣУͻȻϮԺһǿҵ˯⣬ٴһֱӾſȥ˯һ
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һЩɫ˲ˢıѩҩƺء


058 ҩ
˶ҩֵĿԼղŵˮɨɨҿӰĴ͵һѣֱӾ̲סҪˤڵأͻȻַסŲµľҴҿһ˿ѣץ̨ϵֻͲ˺롣
㣬Ӱ˶ҩˣҿ춥סˡҲֻһ˲䣬ԽԽصѣͳ˯Уúǵÿ޳ǲסĵŹֻֿ
Ǳߵֻʾ˽ͨˣϤġιʱ̲סµľֺͻţֱӾͿ޺ŵŹ֣ңұҩˡ찡
ҲֻǲŽ⻰Ҳ̲סҵҩֱһԵȥ
նǰŸոͻռ䣬װѿܴɢɹصĶŹ֣ʱŸմӼޱеֱӾͱſޱȾŵˣŻȻһֱӴӴһԾ𣬺ҩ
ֻһ˲䣬Ź˶ˮ֪Уԭȱսڵ֮ƣҲ¶צ
ʲôطһ˲䣬ŹһңﱻҩޱȵĶֻ׷ʣǱȴҲûһ˿Ӧ
ٴöŹһţı۾̽һͷһ֮ϵĿռ䣬ȻûкȦŹٴһţҲԽ
ҩѵǹ˾ﲻӦûô󵨣ǻʱֻʲôط
ޱȵ˼УŹһ飬һ̣ȻԼһĶǱһֻǿĴ͵һ𣬺ݺݵľ۵
ܳ£ǧܳ£ǿµľͷŭŹ͵һ̧ŲͿ˴侲һҪ侲
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ڵ˻ʱûеڶѰĿꡣ
¥ŹҲ˲ûˣֱӾͰھת˫ȣһ޵ĲӰ˲ӽֵڿ񱼶

൱ͨ˶ʮһȫܣϺصھȫӳ֣Źֵٶȣֱǿֲֻһ˲Ϣͷٿϰ׵ľ룬ʧ˵ء
⵹ֱӸøż·ǰһøղź񿴵ʲôٴȥʱȴʲôûС
֣ѵۻˣһС꺧ȻĿŸղƺһӰӹ֮
ҲʱԶ¥£һһ¥ȴ˫һ͵һƣеڶˣٶȣ²ǸǺһİɡ
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ȻơĪٻڸİװ˲ͷסҲѱһطڸղţͨ˿ܸǵӰϵͳҲֻǲ׽һ˿˿Ӱ⣬ȴĪ٣ϾѾǺصĸ֡
ͺһ֮ĪһϲɫֱӾʹӴԾȥ¥һʮ׵ĸ߶ȣںǿûʲôѶȡ
Ҳڵһʱ߶ھĪֱӾŶŹʧ·߼׷ȥ
ϳǣʱֲ
ǰ̨սǴźſĵͺֱӾüҲû뵽ȻôŸղҩڵһʱȣԭΪ֧ԱҩԺ󣬺ܿܰպٵҪ㶨ڡ
룬ܿѹ˲죬ϾһղŲûбַ
ʵҲû̫ʱ˼žͨ춯Ҳܿʹӽ߳ǰ̨źֱ۰̨棬ǰ̨ӵ̨ĿյץֻŽ˿ڴ󣬹Űڳһƽ΢Ц󲽳ȥ
ѾƽˣʱǰӪҵˣʱһѾͷղȵĽʲôĶŹֹ뵽кڡ٣ںϳǣֻҪεģСӾˣܷʲôֻܿԼˣǳ¸̼У¶һ˿΢Цתͷ˿Ͽһ˵ǰ̨ϵͻȻӿֳһ󼤶ĳ졣
ʵԺҲû뷨ֻǰǺĿ꣬ŲҶֶѣȷϵŮˣû֮ٽʮӣҲ˿ȥղ̨£ҲҳûֻܹͣؾصԷֱۣҪ·ĵط֣Ͼ֪һ
˽ȺǸŮ֮Ͳûлˡ


059 һ֮
ϳǣ·ʱֲһɫıʱݾһͷڼٿ񱼵ԱԳеߣԽһھֲǰͣ¡
󣬳ڵĺԼǰŵ˾ͶȲ̤˳
˳Ժ˲ûԭֱͣӾͳŴ¥ȥܿ죬͵ִ˾ֲڵ¥㡣
٣ˡһ죬ʱӴǰ͵ȵЩļٵĹǰһ̼Цӭȥ
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ſţĺͷͽЩ䶯Ӿ־ȥŵˡ
ںĹ˾ͬʱ¶һ˿Ц

⣬һȵӰԶ͵ؼҲûκͣ٣ֱӾͳ˴ڡ
Ҵҽ¥ݼ󣬶ŹǿӲסԼǻĽźǿнתƿռ䣬һ֮̽£̾ͷϷʱڵ¥㣬ĸܽȦĸȦ⣬
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ѵŹֵģһ˲͵رһǿҵ˺һ㣬һĪӴޱȵıʹֱӾͲһصȥ
ˣѵһ
ж᲻ᵯɶŹִʱȴ޷еıʹӵˮҪĴۿӿǿסҪ񣬶Ź͵һҧЪ˹ĵһһҧ˫͵رŷһɵ׹⡣

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˭ɫУŭɨɨԼʱֻй֪ô˳˹
ˣѾͷ̫ˣոպҩȵ绰ƺǸһжŹֵĴģû˵ַһΪǸŹָҲҲһڿľŭ֮󣬸һ̱æڽ͡
Ź֣һͣȷЩϤʱԭģȥŹ֣Ǹμ˵ֻкһأСӣ
ֻĲ壬ֹ壬оԵģöԷȥáϾԣһ֣վǰ꣬Ҳһӽǿء
ǣǶŹ֡ٴοڣɫʱһ
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ˣ٣һʱҲֺͨͺ֣ܴ󣬵Ⲣ˵ֺͨͺһظֲܴ
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οﻹһͶԷʵȵĺǶԷûʲôвˡ
һУ˵ǳ٣ǿ죬תۼȹȺһɵĶſʱֻͻȻֳһӰһŭӵĶŹ֡
ʱǰ󣬶ŹǿƵʹڿڵĺʱҲƲסҪٴαҲһ˿ߡ
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㶹֮ͻȻʲôʱЦΪˣܾȵһҪڸ
٣ȻҲ¶˲мЦ⣬֪Լ϶ǰӣֻҪסú͵Ϯһܱ֤Եơ
⻰꣬һֱ̤Ź֡
ϣҲ¶һ˿ɵ΢Ц֪ʲôŹˣԺҲǲãֻԼŮ裬һ뵽ٴ˸һ˿Ĳ


060 
ĳٴöŹִӾϲѣԺͷӿһɲɶֹŭɱ
ֻһԼһûмʱܴȵ绰ǺŹԺͻ
һ뵽¾һǿҵĺ£Խӿɱٴƶǰɱϲס

Ъ˹Ľһ仰Ź͵ر۾һ֮ٴʱ˫о;һƬҰ
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·ĩһ㣬˶ǳ˾Ϳֻţֻֿӵۡ˭ֿӱܣ˾ұӣ޴ӣֻԼصı

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ۡӰû˿ҡֻǼᶨ̤ˡ
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һУŶԷĲĳأҲһŬԭ΢΢ڶһ£ĵȥ
⣬սߣһɱһˣۣ
ŶŹĲ̤ͻȻصһ죬ƺʲô˵ϣȴһֱ׷ڶŹڸղɱ֮ŭֱӾβĪ١
ʱĪ٣˫Ȳ亹ֱڵأ۶ǲ˼;ĶǰǵӰ
⣬ʲôô
ĪŹֻ֣Ǽ򵥵̤Ĳ
һ⿪ʼӿͷƤըĺɫƣҲһԭЦˣͻȻȫɫȫǵһʱѪɫʣĿ¶֣ǸһͲŲסڵء
󣬶ŹֵڶؼǸ֣Ĳ
ڣֱȫ˫Ŀ͹ɣǻһĺ֮󣬶Źֲֻ߳һ׶ľ룬֮ˣ֮ңǡǾȻȫˣ
ÿһܶһ˵ĺɫƣҲԽŨңŨҵȫڸӰ
⣬ʲô֣ħ
²ԶŹֻ֣ںӣĪٻǱǳɱĸصĲظеĵӶ̲ס壬ȥ
ҲʱĪͻȻ;ûһǸƵĹȻתɭɭĺ֮µ˫ֱۣӾɫ磬޾Ϣֱ˶¡

ǷļһĪ͵һԾ𣬴һ˿ɫֳ


061 ؼŭ
Ĳɱˣһˡ
Źֵŭ΢ɢһ㣬żæ֮ƣ̤ǰ̨ȥ
ӡкȦԭλá
ڼ󣬶ŹҲȻǰ̨Ĺ̨¿ӻԵĺһٴһŭգֻһ㣬ֻһ㣬һӣֻֻ߲лʱһĿ꣬ȥط̽һ£Ǻ
ƴһѹеĺ֮󣬶Źżæֵûʧ
󣬾ź׼뿪ʱĿɨϵʱ͵һɱˣȻɱˣһɱ
˵ֵʱѾȫˣ1ǸȦѾڿʼ𽥳ɢӵתƵҲܾȵûˡ
ղŵֻ޷ѹжԺ˵ķŭŲһеȫͷų˴ӿҲû뵽⾹Ȼúֱ
ɱˣھŭ֮ɱŹִʱû̫ڣֻȴͻȻ˹ǣǾǺؼ׷Ժ󣬻᲻ļҲڡ
ؼֻһˣŹֲη壬Է˫ҲԸĻ
֪һ㣬ôڴ绰ø߸ĸԼɱˣǱܻ뿪ϼң֪ǶʵͽũɶôӴƭ뿪Ժôѵøĸһֱضܣܻؼң
ȥŹɫȴԽˮ֪νֻܱźתھ񱼡
뿪ʱԺվڽֽĽ㶣ŹֻǾҹϻؼңĻҪ֤ĸܵ˺
·һʿŹֶ˵ó߼ֱӾϼҰظȥ
·;ϣŹֲֹһͳֻ棬˼ҪҪֱӸĸ绰ҹҶܣȴ벻ν͡ϾϣҪĸҹңֲܾţǣʵڲһ׵¡
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Ϊũ壬ԶŹ˫ףֻиײһֶֻϵ
绰޷ͨŹ΢΢Щɫ䣬ʮһң׿Ѿ˯ˣԲŹػģĲŽƽ
ϾҲ֪ھɱһСʱؼҲôͰһ
󣬶Ź־ͱĿϢֻŵʿ򰲺ӡ
ͬʱϳǺؼҡ
һĺŵ绰ɫҲԽ
绰Ǻ׿ģ׿ӣΪȴԶȲϺ¾ͺ²ҲֻǺؾ磬ںؼڵĵλڵĺ
һεdsʱȫж׿ںָʾж
ףСԴϱеլ֮󣬵ڶûκϢˣһȥЩش
ԽԽˣողѵҪץʱ䣬Ȼֱڻûµƻŭ⼸ŵȥҰҳң
ǣס绰Ǳߵĺ׿æӦ͹˵绰
壬ôµ绰ĵȴϢ˰Сʱ̲סҪԲĵ绰ʱֵ绰͵
Сʱߣһŭ˼Ĺâץ˵绰
ףˣССˣ绰Ǳߣ͵һֵļУȴֱĺ͵ؾʹԭվ𣬡˵ʲôˣ
ǵģС˻ʱ⻹սܺ͹ûơ׿ʱĺܾ֣ȻҲԺƽʱָʾ΢ʣڸղųûС棬뾾һºСӣڣȻˣ
ǿǺؼҵϣȻˣүӺ¾ŭ𡭡
飬˭ɱԭȶԺеĲͷŭһɢǵ۾ŵ绰ͺһ䣬ֻžһ죬еĻͲץ˷顣
˭Һ嶼ҪѪծѪ黰Ͳ֮󣬺Ƕݺݵҧ³˼֡
飬ܿ˽׿ȥĹѳһֻǺ򣬻ʱһŮԱԱǼϢǸ໹ʮƯںǰ̨ҵһ˰ҩˮ
ƽʱ磬ؼҲǲ֪
ôҰǾһҪõЩʱ˭֪Ǻͼ򲻹죬ɱȴôֻ࣬Ķ
һʱ䣬ؼӴļٴοʼ˷ٵתĺظֺ¾ǹĺ۾ȥ̽ɱ֡
ҹܿڶл峿ٴҫʱŹѾźִ˰ء
ﵽسǺ󣬶ŹǱźһùݿ˽ȥִҴҴҸϡ
ֻǻһʮӣŹ־͸ϻ˰µϼҶׯ
¶ʱĶׯִĴУһƬżǵļͣŹִҴҸϵʱվóֻţһǹػ֮£ŹһԾԺǽԼҵԺ䣬󣬶Źֱɫ䣬˲ʧȥѪɫ
ռϰƽ׵ũԺзŶǴ󿪣ԺһǣԭǶѴһ˶Ĵƹʱ̱ڵϣûһ˿ϢŹָһ۾ͿǱôŤ˲
ô£ôô죿ɫУŹͷ⵽һ׻Ӷ΢΢һҡΣ͵һֱӽתƿռ̽ȦͷԼҵķڣտյûһˡ
ģġ
ŹٴһΣǺ۾͵˻һһ˷ݣͿӡбĸ״ĸɾķ䣬ʱѱһǼҾʲôģǱ˷˸ﳯ죬ǲҲ̶á
дڵȫҸƬʱѱ˴ȡ˺Ƭ
ҲЩ˺Ƭ˶Źһ˿룬˺ؼңƬŹ
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ؼң
ͨһڵأŹּЪ˹ҧ֡


062 ɱҹ
ҹϳǱڣѾһһҹ
һؼӵܣΧߣȫͣΧźϳÿһϸѰߵƬҲͷŵÿһߵֻڡ
ѾϡٵĽͷؼվ·ڣϸɨÿһ·˵òڽֱߵķݡ֮࣬ȫЩںؼҵͨ顣
֣˵پôģǺսһ˼²ǲأܡһѰ޹һĸݵЩƵĿ˿ڡ
˭֪أ˵СֻкһأȨƣѵ͵Ϯ㣿һҲͷɻ󣬸óֻ˿صĶŹֵϡ
ϣʮ㣬ͷŵС
һأǺۣҲǺڰǰ̽ĶŹֵΪȻŲɡȻؼЩ֣ҲûóۣսܾôģĿѾȷǻ´
ЩؼΧߣһ飬صĽͷ죬һд壬Щ˵иеͣԿ϶ǣһһصߣռƵģֻҪڷĿ΢סԷһӡôؼҼֲڶϱиĺ֣ͻʱ
أ˵ˣ˭ҪǷСӵټͣǶ㣬ҪҵɾͷˣһĿȣһˣ൱ȭʦͨ־һľˣͻʲô·磬ο൱ȭڴ߶εĸ֣淢˶Է϶ʮþȡ
٣ǰСѾ뿪˺ϳǣǰæһһ˴˸ı鿪˿ڣ˵ͣǮȨƼӦоУȻĶ
ҲʱһǺܸߣҲǺܵͣ΢΢ͷӰܿʹӼ಻Զ·
ףǼһе졭һһɵĶԶȥӰ
ôһѣҲȫһ㶣ӰȥӰһ¶һ˿ϲ
ȥ˵УĿΪ곤һϲɫһ䣬̤˲
Ƕдׯͷ˾ļҲֱֳӶֻ֣ȫɢӼΧĿꡣ
Ҳڼ׷֮ʱĿȴ͵ؼ٣ֱֱǰٱС
ˡ
໥ʹ˸ɫһĿ⣬Ҳ͵ؼ٣и˱߼ֻ߲߱
ܿ죬һǰ׷ӣԽԽƫƧ·
һĿ꾹Ȼмϡٵĵطߣȫ־ϲǰǹɶԷֻǸһأ߸ռƣô˰׳ΪϲãǲʲôţҪסһһصƬ̣ʮþȵģۼ˴;ҪԼͷϣβϲ
ڣǰҵҰڣһȥҲûͨˣ̾һ͵ؼ٣Ծ֮󣬾͵ִĿǰ͵סȥ·
Ź֣·㲻ߡ˲Ÿ뷢һ´ʱľϲӵ飬ȴͻȻǰһĿ꾹ȻͻأĴԭʧкӰһϮʱ󺧣ŻŵҪʱȴеһʹ͵ʧȥʶ
һ̣۶ɭɱĶŹ֣£һתӵֱӾͶ׷˱

ͻȻѹ֮УȫǴ󺧣ոɫҪʧʱŹ˲ʧԭء
أأأأ
һ֮£ȫͻأĹĵ˫ۣ۶ǾֺͲʵӣĸˣľʬǰĹǺȫһ飬˲Ϣ
ٻɱ˺󣬶Źһ࣬һ϶ԷӣԾʧŨŨҹĻС
˵һǰŹֲֻǵһαŭɱˣɱ֮иľôڣڵ֪ĸܲⲻ֮ģѾױЩǰʶˣȴûһ˿
ڣǸղԷѾ˵绰ֻܿؼҸָôŹҲô׾ͻɱˣֻһһǵֵ
ҲڶŹִűε뿪ԭغ󲻾ãܿмڵС⼸̾ͱϺ˵ľʬ座һһС꼸Ƕӣͳֻ
үҵ׸硭Ǽˡ
ģ绰Ǳߣ̴һ׷ʣ²ؼҽеظ֮һڰпȫϳǰϵС졢죬֮ĺϳǵһϴ
ˡ׸ǣˡ
СȴǼӣ۶ǾֵĿңͬеСҲȫ࣬ĸӣǺϳǻΪ֪Ĵ죬ǸܴףͽֶԸ߰˸˶ڻ£ڣȻȫϢ
ʲôȫˣֻǱ͵һͣʹ˺²ŭӵŭ⡣
غϳǱŽӵµĵ绰ãͼĸ˹û뵽֮ǾȻѾȫˣǼɶ߰
үӲ˵ǸŹֻǺһأȻЩ˷ѽ⣬ǣؼȴûһ˻ỳɺϢ̽ˣʵ


063 
һѹ󣬰־һӦǴæȥܣ󣬾Ϳ࣬ꡣ
һֵ԰ڣܰ˶ߵɫֲ˵Ӱڵ˿Ϸ졣谵ĵƹ£Էɫˮһ˫ɫ۾ڣɢŨΣϢŵƹ⣬־Ҳ˶ԷǺؼҸ߲֪ͨĿǸһصĶŹ֡
㣿־ˣֻԷ֣һѿסĲȿȡ
־ԭҪĽҲ˲˾ҵĿ
ؼǲȥ˰ץˣŹĿɭȻıʣȻȥϼץĸģֻкؼһĿ꣬Ĵһϣ
ȣɱңǺؼԣ־ڴʱ͵ЦҪؼҵܣûǸӲ˵ƾǰһˣҲҪؼ
ԷŪĻŹĿԽ䣬ֱһ֣ͰѰ־˹ȥͽתƿռ䡣
תơ
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ż˺ѰʹԭɫĽָٴηһ仯˰͸ɫ󣬶ŹֵֵҲ2.1+0.3
һУŴѰ־ٴζ
־Ÿѣ͸оһǿҵѣзҪٶ˯Ȳһʹʶ̾˹ͿŹһֻŲĴȡ
̣٣Сӣ硭־ٳŹּ䣬ͻȻ͵زԼĲԣżæ۲̽ڣһ৵ľͱòҰ
ԼڵľȻƻһС룬ԭ޽ӽľ磬ʱȻ˽֮һĳ̶ȣ
˵˵Źٴıһ䡣
úݶġ־־ŭ͵ؾ͵ԲۣݺݵĿŹ֡Ҳֻһ룬ͻȻǰһڣٴ˹ȥ
󣬵һʱ־ֱӾͼҴҵȥ̽ڣͷԼľٴαƻ˽룬Ϊ磬ǵ䵽˺ͨ˲ĳ̶ȡ
㣿־ҴҴ̽ѣۿ־ĶŶŹ֡
˵˵Źֱɱ䣬ֻǼ³ǰһʻ
˵Ǻ¾ҹصġ־ȴҲû˵ֵǿ˵һݻ٣ݶ̷
ûд˻ҲǶŹĿǰĵĻ⣬ȻеĴ䣬һ֮ڲ˷츲صı仯ĿǰĵģǸĸ䣬˫ֻʧˣһ
ҾͲ֪ˡ־æڣԷɫ͵رøʱҲɫ䣬ĵĲ֪Ĳ֪
Źһ㶣ϸ־飬ֶԷ˵ʱ͵һ֣ٴμ˰־
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һԾһ
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ɼˣҲòôؼѾǸߴ7ֵҪ濹Է̽ĸ䣬ͱǿԼʵ
¾վԭرӲĵһŹһ̧ͷתھ뿪˵ء
ؼҡ
ڣʱϡӰΪһˣǺ壬ں࣬ĿЩƣԼʮҵӡӣǺؼصĸ֣¾²
־ױǸС飬ȫǰҽӵϢԷȷǶŹ֣ںϳǡһƬУ²ͻȻЩĿ˿ڣĻֱӾôڵٴΪֹһ͡
΢֮󣬺ͺ¾мͬʱ˸һ˿⡣֣ͨǺؼʧֻҪŹֻںϳǣǾС
ȷںµģǶŹ뿪ϳǣ뿪ºʡȻٲ¶棬ô࣬˿ô࣬ǺؼҪ뱨ѱȵ졣
ϾŹҲһ֣ĺȻָȴҲ࣬ºʡʮ
ҲΪ֮ٲ¶棬ҹƲɱʮа˾ǶŹֺ󣬺¾ֱӾͼܳٶȸ˰أöԷĸĸҪЮв档
ٹ·̣һܳٶȺͳ⳵ǡ˵Ź;˷һСʱˡǣں¾ϵ֮󣬾ȻֶżҿһˣûðɣֻĹĵָ˻
ʱؼ˶ںϳܲץŹ֣Ҳûˣڣͨŷͨķ˵ˣȴֱؼλֱӷˡ
ϾɱֳһָƶҲ˸ûκƣֻǿ²ó֣ǸҲûڹڹͨ
һ˵Ϊһ˿ױ˵˱ơ
ߣСսܣһɱڰ־ױҲһɱЩǸһصĸġ˸¶һ˿СʲôϢĹͣҲֻǶؾ磬ֻҪںϳǡȥڵ̽Сӣ϶ΪһһټҪӲֱϱ
ɱӣĲݣֻҪںϳǣǾߣҲҪڳں£˫ͨĺ¾Ҳ͵شλվ𣬺ݺݵһ˫ȭһصһ졣


064 ɱ
ӱˡһιվڱĳдöˣŹĬĬĿ¥еĿꡣ
һĿУֵΪ0.91ģĸȫ0.50.7ȣʮ˷ɢվڼʮ·ڣסɨһ·ˡ
ԺؼҲ֣ͨŹûһ˿η壬еֻޱߵ⡣
ɱˣڣڸؼҲͻ֮ǰǶʮ˵ɱˣͨĴܶУߵһҲ롣

һҹŹַغϳǵĵڶҹעһѪ֮ҹ
ûзĿ꣬Ǽһﲻһֵ˼ҹʮƲЩײͨ죬ʼЩƵ⳵פߡ
Ȼҹ֣ڣǵѾӱʹĴ˵ҹ־˵Ҳ֪ϤֻҪڷĿ󲻵ǰֱϱǵİջǺܴ
ٺ٣СС֣ȻһҪһڿ֮ʣͻȻͷһɾҵƿ϶ֱ˶£ãвһͷûü̧ͷ߶ܣֻúһ˹ȥ
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Ź֣
ˣ٣Сӡ
ǲס绰֪ͨү
أأأ

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ʮߣ׹ڽͷʮˣǺؼҵĸ֣ǸŹеѾﵽʮˣ
ֶлĴʱ߱Ϊϡ٣úؼңų쾳֮⣬ͨҲʮλͨߣҲֻ٣ЩȻƽʱҲܹСڲ£ڣȴĿŵԼϻɱʮˣֱӾʣߣȫ˻
٣ҿƽʱҲ׷ˣֻҪҹ˾ʱ򣬾һƫƧĽͷܰǼһһĿˮȥļֵܵġ
һΣǾҪãȥãһҲǺ䣬ʱעҡ
ڣȺУżΪߵˣγһֻǹʱעҡ
ĵףĺɣڵ㣡
ಣ
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һ󼱼ĵͺݵɢŴϣǼǹߣҲڵһʱ׼ֱ˶ĺӰͿ۶˰
ۡ
ļӳ£ǹȫ

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һȺ޵ɢƧĽͷһۿȥֻнͷ⣬ʮߣǰصģȴϵ
еСУһƬԵķŭƻ
ҹȫ𣡣ǵʱǸСŶӣرĺ²벢ԶмǹȺ²ӵ绰ҴҸȥ֮󣬼ֻصʬ塭
ʮˣ
ЩؼߣǸһеģѾﵽʮˣѾǺؼʮ֮һˣҴģǸħӰӶû
һΣؼҵս˵ʣһߣֳɢĸ߽ǵشؼǿĺ֣ҲֱĸնӸǸһֻҪ;Ҫ
һ뵽Ǹһؼҵ裬һμµĿֲжǶ־ֻ߰һĵĿ֡
žĵȴУһ΢΢ĺס͵ӰĳΧӰʱһֱͣӾʹܸӦ˾޴ɱ
ЩɱһĴÿһ޵Ľ䷺ںҹУһſķǡ
ڰУŹЦˣռУεѵɱĸӦѳһߵЩĵصȻΣЩϢȴ׵İĿ궼©ˡ
Թƣһʮţô죿
ֻ΢ԥһ£Ź־ͷתھ죬޵ٶȣŸһȥ

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ҹ
һΣУѲɶֹһ˿־壬⵽ô£ҹںϳʮߣȻȫ
ǵģһҹΪնŶӣΪǼһˣٳˣҪնӣֻǣȸĺؼǿߣѾִص׼նʱźȻķ֣ȻϵնŶû£ڸˣ֮⣬ȻȫϢĺ
Ϣֱ˵ĵ׵ޱߵĿ־С
ʱؼҵѾСǸħУ˫ǲݣЩײߺǿ־壬ȴɲòٴβ
ңһεһθΣÿ㣬ˣֻҪһ˷ֲԣͻһʾ
һ뵽һӦòٱԷóѣЩŶһ˿ο
ò˵еţһ߽ķҵĺڰһ߱˴˴ԼͬʱܴӶԷпĿ־塣
ҲʱΧһ㣬ŬУͻȻ͸еܱ߳һΣȫֱޱȵľź;У˷Уȫǰһڣĵȥ
֮ƣͣںںڰУľѹȣԼԶԷ౶ֵܣЩֻҪһһʮ˾һ𣬶ԶŹ֣ûӰ졣
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޷ƵĿ־;ţ׳ؼ£һܲؼҵʧһ룬ȫǸħĨɱϢ
Ժؼһε̲סʼȻںؼҵ˳ΪֵĻᣬ޷ܵʱвðűؼ׷ɱķգѡ˿롣
ֻСҹؼʣʧһС룬ʣµЩҲȫɫף񲻸ûȥɱŹֵ
ؼҸ߲㼴ŭȴҲް취ֻѡ˹ء
ǡ

졣
źںؼұʬ壬߶ˡ
ħǸħˣҲȥˡ
ؼҪˣǻǸϿӰɣ

̶һʱ䣬ºؼҼλЩʣ಻ߣ˸߰˰ˣֻʣǼ
ؼҵľޱ䣬Ҳڵһʱ䣬˺ϳߣºʡһҵĺؼңȻڶ̶һڣһ˴ݻ٣
ǲˣǶħ
лѰdsʱϢʿȫڵһʱ䣬УǸһ˿ɶֹη;֡


065 
ؼңϳǺؼҰλ֣Ǵﵽأ磬ҲǾصڣȻһˣɱ˹¼ҹˡһľƵڣһʮҵ꣬ľɲͲ˼飬Ÿոյ鱨ĵ޶˶˵ľһ˿ļ¸С
ûУؼΪʲôǸ˽Թһԣһͷ׵ߣҲüͷ˫һƬڵľ
Ǹˣ˵Ǹⷬ£֮ȷֲ̫ˡڣڵ磬²ûһ˲֪һκؼͱĿж
һԺޱȵң̶̼ڣʧев
ǺؼǸҪһŮˡǸŮ˾Ůˣ١һŮˣֻһŮˣҲδ̫̫ˣٴηһŹֵɫһ󾪺ֻΪһŮ˵ĳͻҪԷţֶΣͲ
껹ðһ˿ºɻ󣬡үү˵ǸΪ׵ʲô̶ȣǺصǿ߰ȻںؼұȺǼһϢɱʮˣ
˵źɱˣ˵Ϊһ߹壬ҲܿʲôϢרְɱĹΣмΪĸӦڣһԿ϶Ϊ϶ߣҪȻؼǼ֣ᵽڶʧ߱Ŀ˼һ󣬲͵ۣļɵǸ˵ĺɱɣҲǼΪֲģΪ߾̶ֳȣ²ۼºؼұɱˣȴûԵĺۼͰѱ£Ǻؼٷ֣Ҳ˼ɵġֻԼĨɱ
˻仰֮͵һͻȻĿƵĶ꣬ȥһҪҵǸŮ˵ϣ·ŵÿһУ˭Ҫۣ԰
ǣүү꼱æһ٣ͷðһ˿亹ǰҪҲͬĴǻǡ
ֹǻʡңںϳѰdsʱϢңڴѾӽĺؼ̽һеĻ󣬼󲿷ңȫ´һ
μҡ
·ݷηĪ٣һͺ·ߣԼһĪ൱ˣһãĴڣȫһƬĬ
˭Ҳϲؼңڵ˶Ź֮󣬾Ȼ⵽˺Ѳпıţ
ԣҪ˵˭ؼҺͶŹ֮ĳԹôֻμˣʱֻΪɱŹ˼˭ҲҲdsʱʱ·ĪȥôһܺdsʱйĶŹֵġ
˭Ҳû뵽ĪپȻŹֻɱˡ
ڣֹĻɱɢĲĺĪ˲ĥӡصĸ֣е㾪塣
ҲΪһΣ·ţŹĺdsʱйϵϾĿУdsʱͨˣŹܹƣҲͨģ֪󣬵һӦһᡣ
ںؼҵĵλԶǵһˣԻؼҵŭͷıⱨ·еĻˡ
һʱ䣬֪ͨηٶȣ򰲺أȥ߶ŹֵĸĸϾҪӴھһ֣Բ׵£ؼҪƶŹֳҪöԷҪЮ
ֻҪμǰ߶Źֵˣ֤ǵİȫǾ͵ڸ˶ŹԼdsʱһС飬ʱμҵĺôȻǴķͬѰ
ڣΪ˱֤ܲй¶ȥؼ֪ЩԺ󣬻ŹֵĸĸμһֱϢ˿⴫Źֱ˶ûи֪
ϾʱĺؼңںϳǻӴǶŹ֪ԺֱμˣⲻᱻؼҲ
ĵʱؼҵĶĿѵŹֻĸһֱμұѣֻҪԷĸһ뿪Ǿⲻ˻ᱻؼҲˣϾĸȫͨˡ
һ·μȻʱкͺؼ࿹ȴҲұ֤ĸˣؼҪִһͨ˺μȫҲǾġ
⣬Ҳμû֪ͨŹֵԭμڵȣȶŹdsʱ棬ƽ֮󣬲ŻԷƵϢ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣdsʱû¶棬Ź־ͶԺؼҷ˲пıǷǳףǳпѪȱ
ֻǶ̶̼죬úؼҽţ
ڣؼûЩĿҲ֪ͨĸĸû˰ɣãηͻȻ˿ڣļɵ֮ɫѯ·
ηĵǼң亹ֱðŹ֣Ҳδ̫ˣҺĸʱ̬Ȼ㲻⼸˲Ƕϵ֮⣬һҲչ˵ĺơ
ˣûˣ弸ڣҲ޷ʱ̶ȫǡμҼĸĸҲ±ؼ֪ˡ·Ҳһ˿һϲɫ¶ᣬıץסˡĺôܱĻҪdsʱû棬ֻһŹ֣ôη;֣ǡ
ֻ󣬵ηﲦŹֵĵ绰ʱȴͻȻֻ֣ѹػ
̾ôڵȫһƬͣ͵һֱڰɱؼҵߣҪǿֻڰɱʲôƶĻѶţǲҪػҲ
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һ֮·ͻȻЩпĵؼң׵ˡ
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СɽڣȴһȵӰڲסƮɣŲӰӵٶȣʱʱʱǻͨˣȥ׽Ѳ׽õżڼ׵ٶУԷȴ͵ɲסŲǲ˼ĴӼߵٶ͵ؾֱֹֻߵķٱУͻȻԾʮȵֱǼתۡ
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£һεξӨĺ飬ӶŹֶͷ䣬һȥˣûܰͨתƶֵȫ
һܵɱ¾ÿɱɱҪ߶Էһˣһѯʸĸ䣬ǸԼתֵǿʵ
ϵĽֵָѾﵽ˾˵7.9ֵҲѱ2.1+7.9
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ѵЩ߿е˵ƿ߽ͨ׺죬Ҫƿܽ룬죬ҲҪƿ
Ϊʲô޷ټԼֵŹйܶƲ⣬ĲҪɺ죬޷ֱתƣҪͻƿУô˵û̫ʱȥ˼
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̶̼ڣ2.1ֱֵչ10ȻԵĸоԼǿ˺üò˵ЩʣٶȻǷӦûбȫա
ͺһͨͻȻһǹȻ֪ԼһѵԼǹȥӦǹĺ׼ȷȵȵȣôʵսʱһô
һ㣬ڵһνռ䣬ǸֵһĿܶԾʱѾ֪һ
ڣȴûռ룬ԶŹֻÿһλɱؼˣֵ󣬾Ϳ뿪ϳǣһشѵԼٶȡͷӦ
һܵѵĹ󣬶ŹǽĸʶյĲˣ˳ɡ
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ȻֵѾﵽʮŹȴȻ֪ڵֵΪ7.4ĺ壬Ǵ·硣
ΪھΪĿƶȡ
ֵֻߵǣչƵľȴûھֻܷЩֵԭӦе徭ʮȲֵȴźǿӦеھӳ֣Ӵھ̣Ϳ԰һظȫȫ۵һ֡һϣֵıԶԶԿġ
̸˶ϤͿƳ̶ȣŹ־һյõһǹ֣ûгϤǹ֧һУ壬ȴһѰ˼ʮǹ֧˫ĲȻԽ޴
ڣ˵壬ھϺؼǼظ֣ûʲôա
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ڵֵʮظֵ˫ȫԿЩھظռơ
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ǿշŵĺȴֻܸɵۣȻú˱Īͷֶµ
ΣһҪץǸһǺؼҴ裬һҪٱĳյĴڣųԹ
˰ɱǸŹֻʲôһҪ֮أ¾Ҳŭɫֻ࣬޲ֱӾͰѶŹִãã˺о͵١
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һĬں¾·һͻȻ磬ŹֵΪʲô̶ȣ
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أأʵϢİɱصĸ֣;ֻ˵ʵĨɱصĸ֡ҪɱͱȻų˼¾Ŀڡ
˵İɱֶΣҲǾ˵ģ濹⣬Ǹú£һֱڰǡ²Ҳ˿ڣȴһκͱ
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ҸҲӦɱΣգǼΪ
ȻŹֵһֵĺؼҺֲϣ˵ڣҲ̽˳ǣ⼸֮䣬ľ붼ǧ֮ңԶľ룬ǺظȫУҲҪһϡ
ѵ֮䣬ʲôرϵ˷ʱ绰֪֪ͨ˴˵ĵص㣿
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أһƽʱ޹ʹˤƣһ̣ȴһһ㣬һ߳ײľ񾭣̾ʼޱȵʹ̹ĵʹöŹһ˲䶼ĻɣԼ󱳵ĹǺǲѾȫԷײ÷顣

ҲڶŹǿҧʹʱһƿ󣬺ؼ˲ŷֳ棬ֱӰΧ
ǿȥǰӰŹ̾ͷȻղŶܵǱʵϣһֱʩչһ߳似ĺؼҼˣҲù
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ҪôΣһ˷һˣŹֵߣͻȻģյСӣŶݵı⣬Ź͵һǿҵĲʣȥĲģĸĴûеñȴҪԼĳлɱ


070 ƣα
Ǹˡ¥֮ϣǿ߲֪ΪΣڿŹֱһ߳Уʱȫһ
ȷһΣյǲҪڵĺáȻҲżһ˿ᣬƺͷİɱűЩϧ˸ոռʶؼһ߳似ĺΧ֮ƺ󣬻Ƕ˼⼸Сνؼҿɻһصĺġ
Ҳ˶öŹ֮ʱԭʶѾ𽥻ԵͻȻͱһȵɱ⾪ѣ˺¾ɭ䡣
ֱɱ̫ˣһҪһʬΣ
ȵɱ⣬ŹּǱܵľëҲǿг۾ȥ¾ӳЩģȴǺ¾һ׵磬ҫ۵Ļҹգϸ΢Σ䣬ŹֱֵӾϣһ˿ˮ
磬Ҳģˡ
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ΪѣϾҵʹٴöŹ͵һ飬˶ӣһ˺ģУӦǸ̤ӰɱԽԽʢǿɹɵɭ֮⣬˵Ķˡ
ɱģߣѰʹĥŶŹֵ񾭣һ˲䣬ͻȻ֣յ΢ΣУѵõһ˿¶
΢Σ䣬˵ḧԭҵʹһ˲Ҳ滺˲١
Ǳҹϸ
ŹԺУͻȻðһ伸ȴʫ䣬⣬ֱǰһ̣űе
Ҳ˼ԺôͻȻðͷ۵һ죬¾̤ߵŹһ⣬ֱӾʹȥץŹ֡
Ҳһ̣ŹͷΣУҲ͵غȻըԭһɱǾ˵̵ĺˮһ˲ÿһ缡
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һֹĸܣֱӾڶŹͷסŵ˵ʶͻȻٴģ
¾ֵĶܿ죬֪ΪΣŹȴöԷĶͻȻֹͣһ˲ͱţһ㻺ֻӦɱԽԽңԽԽȣҪ屬һ
Ҳ֪˶ãɱȻûоͷһ㣬˲ɶֹĵزֱӾͺһĶŹֻɢ˶ըһޣʱ֮УȴͻȻһ΢Σ䣬һ˿º͵ƣһ䡣
ƺǵֱ꣬ڶŹֱը÷˼άϣͿʼ
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µ壬ֻݣҲû˿ʹֻޱ޾ޱȳĿ⡣

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Ҳһ˲䣬һɷ·һϢֱӳ
ֻǿϢѹƣԭѾֱ쵽Źּͷĺ¾Ȼһ˲䣬ͱһεˣ͵Ƶ׷ɡ
žһ죬ݺݵĵ·ϡ
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ֹ¥֮ϵˣΧڶŹּĺؼҼλ֣ʱҲȫǼ˹һĵԲ۾ŶŹ֣ԴӶԷӵһԾǹɿֲϢجһ㣬ֱϯ˵飬ֲֿϢѹ£ǵھһֹ̣ͣתơ
ǱǹƷɵĺ¾ʱҲվֻɵɵĶŶŹ֣һת˿ɲӴϢ
ֻһԾƣظƷɣ⡭
ҲȫĿ಻ʱȴͻȻٴһ׵磬˾Ͷ˼Ϊ˼һĻ
Уԭ´һʱŶŹϿյƬشȻһ˿ɫʣɫϼ⣬һĻ䣬ɫ˿һ㣬ҫΨԻá

ͻƣôܣֻǺҵʵôֱͻƽ죿



071 
˼Щɫ˿Ҳûһ˿ɣһֱһ쾳ɡ
Ȼ˶ɻԶŹָղŵķӦӦֻǺصʵΪʲôֱͻƽ֮ò˵һ̣˵ϣȫд˾
죿磬ûֳˣһ죬Ե߸
ɱɱͻƣ
Ҳһ󲻿˼УԾɵڵصĺ¾ͻȻͷһЪ˹ļУһԾһ˲ٴѪɫӿڷ΢΢ӣһ߳Ԥ˽ľ룬ǱֱװϣǺ
䡫
ڸ⾳ĶŹ֣ٴαɱѣ󣬾ͻȻۣ۵һ˲䣬£ͻȻһ㣬Ժл𣬶Էֱɹǿ󣬶Էͼκ򡭡
һеһУת˲ţŹĵ£Ȼһŭ𣬷ӵŭ⣬ֻһ˲䣬߶ЩŤͷβǺؼңһڱ
Ѫ𣬲죡

͵ѹߣһƵ˻𣬶Źһ졣
˾Ͷ˷ⲻ˼һĻԭں¾ϡϡΣͻȻԭ͵شһԭҵϸ꣬Ȼ͵غϵ䣬ЩѾµصƣҲȻټնΣ˲һֵ
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꣬·ͻȻһĿֲ棬һεں²⣬һֲֿܼ

ֻüһ֮ļУ²۶ǿֻŵļæˣӲŸոշ˼ףͱǰҼµķϸ꣬ûڡ

Ź͵һΧƵ֮⣬ϴˢ²ÿһ缡ëס
ȶֱֲӾú¾ƮƮ˼ޣ
ԽԽӴֻһ˲ͲǱ
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Źٴεͺһһƣǰĺ²˲ʹԭ͵ըѿһα޾ŵı
Ѫɱ죬֮ϢϢ֮շתǰӣֻƣ¾ͺ²ֵܾ͵ȫֱӾʣµϺͺ壬ȫŵûһ˿

ޱߵĿ־Уܵһһǿѹȣ͵طһޱȵļУ˾Ƿһûʩչκ似ֱֱȭͷŶŹ

һͳȶĻŹٴһ֣ܱߵϸֳ꣬źӵȥ
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һʬ޴³ֱֱͿͷƤ飬һ̱˵ϣһ嵽˼ĶŶŹ֣죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴʲôûн

Źȴûϵ̬ȣֻĶһˣ̤ȶһٴ
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˶ڵһʱ䣬ɥʧеȫ׷ܾȸһ㣬Ȼɢ


072 ƶ
۷֣Ҫͻƽ죬ҪģǶ
ù֮һոµ⾳̤죬Ϊĳ֣򲻹ôֹֻں졭
⾳ҲǶֶڻɽ緢ѩɽ֮£ļѹ£֮ô֣һ֣̺ޱ޾Ļ֮⣬һ֮£ѩ֮ƣһУڼαڵǧٲ֮£޿ɶֹı֮ƣô֣ʱͻ޾ļϢ˿ɵ
Ź֣޾ɱѹ֮£ϸ֮
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òһǣһ֣ڶ֮ʱɺһ̣ڶĳΧΪһ壬ӶضķΧӵйĪһΣҲϢʢܺΪһһΡ
£Źֻα죬һεĸҲΧƣӳ˼Ϊֲ
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ֻΪֵֻ2.0ֻǺأЩָǿиȥֵ
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ͷԭΪܵһ߳ƣһ̣ѱ޾֮⣬˿
ٴۣŹԼǰȥʱֵ֣ȻǾ02.1+7.9
Ǿֳֵ⾳Ϊϴ󲿷ֵֵȻû˿ղŵֻǽΧƣӵôֲ
΢΢üŹͻȻָоֱȡָӿڴóһСӰװظʵ⾳֮
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ֵĹĪڳ죬ΧĻΪһ֮ʱһֶ̣Խ֮ܣò˵ÿһÿսʱܴԼʱĳ
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ǳȭʲôģǶҪԼȭơƣתΪɽ緢֮ƣѩ֮ƣơ
⾳֮ƣȫһθʱܴر仯⾳ǳ
ģһȭһ趯Źֵӣ𽥾ͱģƺ׺Ϊһ壬ƺ壬Ѿֻһεϸ꣬ʱḧڽֵԵդ·֮ϣʱ̻֮ڵֲϡ
ԭЩúֱʬ޴ǿƣһֳ̣ͷβתϢ
ϳǽͷһս֮ٴķ
ϸͻƣǸ˾ȻһԾΪּ֣ɱ֣˿ۼһеһУͨϱǿ˵ĿڣܿͿʼϯȫء
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ֻһΣͬǰdsʱĺϳ磬ЩҶִĴгϣͿһΣǸ˴ģȫ޷η壬Ϳֻţ
һֲ£µǣֻͨɱһǲºʡһҵʬǣһǰ̨ġ
ѪȵֱӾҶеԵη塣
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Ǹ˵һУкص˺£ϣ

Щˣ֪ͨȥ˭Ҫǲۣ׵һϷ԰ٴ

һοʼ˾ҵӣֻǶ̶һڣϳǡŹ֣ԼͶŹصһ˺ֱӾͳΪ˹ڸеĽɡ
ӵܣǶΣй˵һУǣȻһ棬һȴҲ˳ǾлᣬпܣܺǣƵϵ˶ҪΪ
Ҳƶ֮ʣϳǣμҡ
ڵõŹֽ쾳֮μ˶״ˣ·ʲôⲻ˼һ㣬ǰõöָʱķӦҪס
Źֽ죿⡭
Ĵ֮μҲ͵طһƬ񻶣찡ǾȻһֵĸĸѺõľٶֱһỻԷ飬μңһηˣ
ڣ¶ŹֺdsʱûһϵͳŶԷһֵҲμһò档
֮μҼæٴοʼŵϵŹ֣ƵǣֱڣԷֻȻͨ
Ǻǣ졭·һüɫ裬Ŵʦոͻ죬ܻ⾳ʱɳɶ̣ȥʱڣڵȫѹؼһУ
⻰֮·Ŷηȥݷһ¶Ŵʦλ
ǣүүηҲǼޱȣǿʦ˫װֻҪǶμвĹ۸УǼֱ̫ˡ
һ̣ηͻȻĸм˺μôõĻ᣿
μҵľȻͬģǺؼҡ
ĺؼҴլɫȴһҹʮһٲǰˬʣ֣ǸŹ֣ȻͻƵ쾳磿
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ؼң׵ˣǸ˵ѪֶΣǸ˵ʵؼĳˣؼڹٳϣңƴһճʾõ£ؼһʡĸԻᱻѹһ°ס


073 
ϣܿ죬˷Ŀֲѹڶ̶һڣ볯źؼҷӵ
ؼҵλڵһʱ͵õλʡ͸ǵʩѹһ´ܿͱ˲پˣӶһ°ףֱ˫졣
棬ҵϣڲٲŶڵһʱ䣬ͺϼֹҵʼһϵеĴѹŵһҵ۹Ҳڶʱ𽥱
壬ֹһӣֻĳӶʮʮʼʮ꣬Ҳνãֻ󲿷ֶʺھѣЩˣҲڲҵӵΪ֪͵λ
ò˵Щ˵͵λȫȿֺΨһһλʾʱȫ˾ˮ£ֻǶ̶һ죬ȫɢ
ȻֱڣؼЩͨﻹû˭֪ңֻڵȶŹֳ֣Ȼʾöѡ
ִᣬȻһᣬһĳ¹ʣܶһͨ˵û˿ۼЩҲ׾ٵġ
ؼңԼؼѪԵǣˣȫʷǰĿֻšżһЩ֪ͨؼӵܣڵ֪ЩԺ֪ؼҵ˥䣬ƲɵʱͿʼЩ˾ǣǾȻ˰п벻ϳǰ벽
Ҳ£ϳǶһs600ʻ·ͨ⡣
ڣڸʻϵģһʮӢӣʱӵϣȴд衢ҺΡ
ףѵҪӵ⣿ʻųͷҲأֱӶǰĳ
ţһȥнߣüͷ˫ҲһƬ;ɥߣȴǺ壬ǰӣǺؼҳ˺֮⣬ʣµĺظ֣ӣ־ߡ
ߵ̾Ϣһŵ죬Ȼ졭ܲúؼҾʹ˶ϡֻҪӵ˹⣬һжɽĻᣬֻϧ¾²ǵĴ𡭡
Žţ廰ֳįŵһؼңһ˵ҪǱ⣿ڣΪ¸Ϊ˰ͽŹǿߣϳǵĻȥ
⣬ǺεȵǱͲ
ǿŲʺͱߣһ֮󣬺ָһʮԴ
½ܣӣʱǺؼΨһϣˣΪʣµؼʺֻѡȡϻۻһԶѣѪȥ
ȻؼӵѾȫܴ˱ѣֻһˣźصǿʵаġ
ȻյǶŹֲ׷ЩûѹȺؼֺöŹֵң¶ԷֺöŹ֣ҲԸںͶŹǣ֮ǰʧеĸֺͶ
ϾֻҪƴһ߰صǿỹǿġ
ͬʱһƬãã޼ʵĿɽУһǱӰȴԱ׾ٶȣһӯӯĻɫ⣬ɽΧ
ģӰɽΧִһƬ͵ɽ±ߣɽºĿն΢΢üֳһ˿ԥη壬ղ͵һҧֱȥ
׽磬ɽ֮£ͨ˶η绢ķ׽磬Ӳûȥ׽磬ȴŹһЩϡйɷùζһȾİ̶޷һ׷ǿʿ˵Ǹ磬˶Ը硣
ⲽأΪҲȥˡ
ҲһԾӰֱӾͿʼµ䣬͸еһɿֲĿռ˺֮ҪǣҪĻɫ˺ɷ顣
һ͵һḷ́Բ⣬һֱͿҪܲסʱǹɿռ˺֮͵ɢӰֱӾ;ǰһڣƺһµ硣
ϳǳ⣬ͨһƫƧ·ϣһs600ڼʻУǰ֮ϵգͻȻ͵ƿһĿӣһԲεĹӰ͵شе䣬ص˵ϣһ졣
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ԲڵӰʱԽԵù
һˣһĻɫԲ򣿴ϵ־۾ԽԽ󣬽ŴͣҲһﵽʲôɣ֣оһ·ȻЩӾĹװƣ
־߿ԴģǸĵӰ
⡭ŵĺ壬ʱҲ͵رֱӣһ˫ҲǵɵĻԲޱȣǸˣôͻȻӿеһ˼Ĺ
Ҳڱ۳ڵļȫ𾪵Ŀ֮ʣеӰҲվӹ۲ҡ
⣬Ƿ׽磿һƬ͵Ұ⣬ҲԲ£۶ǾȣҲɫ͵һ䣬Ȼϡ˾ֵĵزԭתԪһ̾Ȼ仺ࡣÿһκҲٲڽķνĳУʳĶĸС
ܣƬ̶Ըֻͣڽһ΢СȴˣǼ
һ뵽ɶʱһƺͲʣȴҲ޿κΣǰ۳ڵļʱʱͽ¶ޱȵɫΣѾ޷ٻȥˣڽҲУϾڽֱŵµ뷲磬߳ףȥѣûΪ޷롣
ʣİҪһֱⰹ׽ȹˣһ뵽ҪЩͨķ֮Ϊ飬Ҵ˺Ѹʮʮӣһࡣ


074 ط
һУŹ˿֪һҹͻƽͺ
ϸ֮⣬ģǸˮȻ֮ڵҹϸеĸ򣬶Ź־ֱڲȭ;УȻϢִ˺ϳ֮һƧũڡ
ɢ֮Ҳûֹͣһֱڼǰĸ򣬱Ŀ
ķҹʱ⣬һƬխСһԾ󣬾һǿҵļϮ
Ȼֵ2.1ŹڴԭԾһ̣ȴ֪Ϥʵǰȣǿֹ

ӰһζһƬӰһͺȣŹֵӰֱӾͱƮļֱӰԲ׽һ˫ȭͷҲǴ֮µϸ꣬ĻһڴֵĿήϡ
һۡ죬ΣƬһ㣬ǿڴϸȻһɢ˵ڶ

ۿɼٶȣԭͺͺ֦ɣȻ˲Ϳʼųѿڲס󣬽һҶҶҶڴϸɣҲԵٶȱ֡

ϸж⾳һҹϰҹȭơ
˼ޣ
һ統У޾֮⣬¾²ˣֱӱȵ֮ŵñʬ޴档
ò˵Źֻ⾳ҪȭƷӵޣȴҪ㹻ھ֧֣ҲֻǿߵھֵϸеһĻ
ڵֻкصʵ
һȭƴ꣬ŹֱӾ۵һӿе䣬ˤ·ߵϣϾ¶һ˿Ц
صھȭһɵĹЧ᲻
ֻһžֹĿѣȭƵһأ֮ͨڶʱڳ״߷Էʣµǿʩչ²һȭײĳ̶ȣƴȫھĵһɶǿ
˵ڶأΧڵ͸ȭԷڣﵽˣڶص۷徳磬ת
ҵھͲ׻ãھȻĸɾϣһϸ΢ֻ꣬ҪȻ֮ڣҾܽ⾳֮֮⣬˲ָʵܰȭƷӵЧЦ֮󣬶ŹԭϢƬָ̣һԾ𣬴źϳɷȥ
ؼңֻʣһ壬Լ־ߣһڵ֪Լ֮󣬻ʲôӦȻԼԼ죬ɵҹЩԹ߿еĺȣҲ֪һ
ϢѾ˳ȥ
У˼һĶԲߣŹֱֱķ˼Сʱŵִϳǣ󣬾ڳǽһҷݳԷʱһɲ͵ڷӰҲǿٴӳ£ˣʱȴȫɫдżϸЩѪƵĺΡ
ҵˣŴʦȻѾһǳ⾳³Ժ·һڣǿƽĵµ㺣΢΢ӣ˷ݡ
·ģηʱηҲνǼУͨһЩǰ˵μ֪Źֵʧڸ⾳ʱ·ȥݷһ¶ŹֵĸĸͷеϳǣֻŶŹֻ͸֪丸ĸϢúĿǰΨһǿߣ⡣
죬Ҳǵȵˡ
ڽ뷹ݵһ̣˾ͬʱ̻ʵĳʳһҲ壬żĶŹ֡
ϲӵĶһۣ·ŴηϸС鲽˹ȥ
Ŵʦ
һдǫĻڳԷĶŹһͣȻתͷˣǳģȻղнŲ߽ɶԷû˿⣬Ҳ᲻Ȥ鿴Ͼʵ̫ˣڶߵĻȴòתͷˡ
󣬶Źٴһ㶣·η
ϢĴȥˡֻƬ̣Ź־μҵ֪ϢŻ˾ηмӣʲôĿģѵҪ£ң
ҲڶŹ΢΢˼ʱ·ٴο˿ڣŴʦĸĸ
ĸһ֣ŹֱӾͼվĶ·ģ
ŵһؼңɱֻʣ֣Ҳͨ꣬Ѫ˾޴ת䣬ȫΪ׷鸸ĸ䣬ԭΪֻǱ޼죬ߵʲôʱˣȥҺصĺ屨׷ʸĸ䣬û뵽ڣȻ·еõ
ܵŹֵļ·ȴһţ´ʱûиܵԷɱ⣬ȴҲֺ˫ͷŻˣʱͼĵڶμңƽ¡
ģŹһֱͣӾͱ޴ľϲˣǰҲһпܣȴôҲϲĸȻĻƽ£ϾϼҵķڣԾһưܵս
ŴʦġηʱҲæڣСĿٽǵӶŹֵĶܺdsʱйأŻôĵȵȣηҲȫһͨ
һ㣬ҲңҪȻνμҵĶôʱУʶŹֻɱĪ٣ᱻŹּǰԺɿɾͲˡ
ҲηĽ˵Ź𽥴ļƽηҲЩм֮ɫ
¶ԷĿĲԷĸһȴʵʵڵģʵ̫ˡ
ллμҶҵİһ᳥ġƽ֮󣬶Ź侲һڡ
Ŵʦ룬ʹȥ϶ˡ·ȴ֪ȤĺܣȶŹ˵ֱӾ΢΢Цֱָ⡣
ܿ죬˾͵ִμұȺ³ԺǰԶǶıŹֵٴγ׼ȻѾ֪ĸû£ǡǵʱԶסµĳ嶯ˣѾĴ㣬Ȼȥ룬Ըȥ룬ȴ߹ЩԸ£Ѿˡ
ԭΪû˺͸ĸĻᣬΪ⣬ԾȺһ²˼İգԼеϲΪһϲ˾øĸĺܲ˵ģҲԣԴǴδϼҳԺһζûȥΪȥ룬һģۺܰޱߵĻں޺ʹࡣ
һܶ࣬һֱޱߵɱ¾Ҳֻɱ¾ȥ˼һС
ڣһоȻϲޱȵⷢղһ·һֱǿų嶯ڣԼʮĸĸʱµļҲѹƣֱӾͷתеֱӾͻһƬޣ৵һ´·ηǰʧһٴγʱѾִ˱⡣
ǿסĶŹֲ͵ƿţֱӾͿڱڿӵĸĸ
֣㣿ˣ
ŸͶĸҲűƿĵһʱͿ˹ȷǶŹʱոʮ꣬ȴΪٳũѾʮ˲ĶĸֱӾͼվſ
裡Ź۽Ҳڲסٵ伸ᣬͺۿǰֱſĸ׵Ļ


075 ˹
⺢ӣôͿˣҲֻǲŰûŸڼŹֺҲӿϲ֮ɫһ̣ȴְǳ
ôң㿴ߣĸҲŹֵʹһ˿ģϥ¾һӣһңǴ꣬Ҫ˵˼Ǿǻԣ΢΢۰˶ŸһۣĸƿŹ֣Цʵ֣ʲôǸη˵׬˴Ǯⶰģصؽģ
ǰŸձҵ꣬ôǮʡôķӣǼεģ׸ʲôϵһӳʲô£绰Уĸһ˵ŸҲ׷ʡ
һΣη賿ãжƵİŸϳǵ˵ǾǶŹ׬˴Ǯڳ˷ӣТУȲҹҪȥΪڳǣߵҵܣԳвܶϵ
Ȼ˵ǣöŸĸǽŽɣסμҵı󣬸ѹѧҵĶڶ̶̼׬˶Ǯѱһʡ
⡭һĸѯŹֶʱ΢΢˿ǣμҵĽͣ·ϣҲ֪ˣҶµҲΪ⣬Ͼֱܱ˵ŹҪȥɱ˷Żǿö࡭
ֻڣԲѣ
Ҳʱ·ηȴ˽·ֱЦǺǣΣǰҵȥһǢ̸һҪҵ񣬵ʱΪܼңй¶ǵĵߣԲš
˵˵ţ·ǿŹ֣һ˿ɫûз˵ǣҲһϲηʹ˸ɫ
η̴ӻͳһļó˼ƬĵݸŹֵĸĸڽͣǶӢɭš
ҲڶŸĸһƬЩĿʱ·ȴЩŶĴԶŹֵŴʦЩƬǵԺϳɵģղð֮Ŵʦ¡
ŹŻ򣬶ηĽ˵Ҳ˵İһе齲ıǳڣηЦһЩŹִѧѧӢɺϵӦƸ˷һְִһЩɺϣ˵ŹʲôӢһͷĿ˳ֿ˶żҼҽ̺֮ȵȡ
ֱ󣬾ǶŹԼô󣬶úԼһȥ̸һս̣Ǿʷ׳ʣֱøĸϲüң̲סһֱվЦʱҲһ˿á
ããһɵòЩӵҵ̸㣬ãĲС󣬶ŸֱһЦǰŶŹֵļͷЩ죬ӵģĸϣӳͷأ
ŹԽܸɣȻԽˡĸȻû˵ʲôҲһֱŶŹֿԽоԽԺ
·ηȥ󣬶Ÿĸúöһ󣬸ǲסѯʶŹʲôӣôȵȣŹûȥ⣬ȴҲϿͼƬӰ֮࣬ŻԲһӣøĸϢԼ뿪һȥϰࡣ
ģҺúøɣ㿴˼ϰ壬ǶãҲܹ˼ңŹȥϰ࣬ŸҲŶŹֵļͷ͹
ǣҪǹ׬˴ǮôãĸȻҲμҹ۸кܲɻŶӣֱӾͰ˶Ÿһۣ˶Ź֡
ŹȴֻЦ˵ͺ͸ĸһ뿪ⶰ
⣬·ηھĵȴһʱ΢ӭȥŴʦղŵ£ûоͬ⣬ȷʵͻˣϣ¡
û£»ҪллǡŹĺܲ󣬾ͻȻؼô
һ·ηɫʱȫŹ·ؼѾܵȫĴѹǹٷǾѾݻ٣еĺؼӵܣҲһǰӺ˺ϳǣʱȻֹʵϡ
·ٴСĵĿ˶Źһۣûвż־֮󣬾Ȼָ˻ϾӺؼլǰ룬ΪһֱףΪʲôеӷغϳǵġ
ŹҲһ룬ַأȷܹŹ֡
Ҳֻ룬ʱ⣬Ƕ·ǣûа취һ˹ꣿ
˹ꣿ·һͣ¶һ˿⣬ǵΧ
Բ׾ͿԣҪֲïʢĵطҪСꡣŹ룬ĿǰҪģָʵΪãָʵǰİ취ֻһǾתƣתƶڶԣȴ̫ˣҲҿӵ⾳ĸֻҪ̺֮ϸ꣬ܽ⣬ƣ
һ統ܺؼһ߳һˣȴ֮У˲俵Ȼ˹һовУŹҲûס
һ׷Բ˹꣬μҶԣĲѡڱһƺѲƺڵĹȻθֶ࣬ల˼ˮСһЩ͸㶨ˡ
·Щ󣬺ܿ͹뿪ˣŹվϸϸˮУӦ
ɫֱһϲЩˮȻ֮꣬ȴҲӵ֮⣬ϾЩȻ֮꣬͹õģҲˮЩˮҲˮ
ȻΪЩˮ̫ȻϢ֮⣬ѱŹֲ׽ƣѶԶȻ֮Ҫֹ
ˣŹֻһϲãֱһΣʧԭأǻһƬӰ˺üӣȭƵķӣΧЩԭȻˮܵǣһ㣬𽥸ıԭĹ켣ŶŹֳˢȥ
ҲֻƬ̣ԭڱѾɺԵھֿܿʼóӯ
趯УŹٴһһΣΪȥƣȥöָһȥ֮Ϊǽָӵиߴ7.9ֵֵƽʱĻ˺Լڣ֮Ĵ߻£ҪסǽָӦò⡣
뵽ھ׳ӯԺ󣬶ŹֱӴӿڴóǸӣץָûߣͱץסᣬвؼҺǲݣΪԼ˵İȫֻܼ·ȥ
Ҫصĸ֣Ҳһ׵£Է֪Լ֣Ӷ϶̡Էֶ£˵Źڻˡ
Ҳûа취Ȼָֻûھ֮Ļ£ȴԽؼֲ֮ȱھܰھҲڽĳ̶ȣ
ͬʱؼҡ
һǰǳ˾ͱ۵ĺ壬һ֮󣬾Ȼ漣˼꣬˶˸߰Ķ
أǵİţûв֮ڣһһ뵱Է⣬ּͷŻƵһɲη塣
ףںԺ־Ҳһ˿£Ļ˷ܣɣǸⶥһɫֵӣֱһԷֻһӣʹָ緢һŨҵĻ棬ֱӰ·һôճ˻ҽֲֿԲǷӦӵеģĺؼңɰ¶Źʦչ֮ˣǰ¶Էܷ
ҪʲôһҪźֻҪչ˺λŹ֡ٺ٣Ҫãȥãʦܸԣһһһľþһִҵõĸ߼ܣźλˣöԷͬؼһˡ
ȻɰܣҲǲȥҶŹֵ鷳ؼûȥԷˣֻȡ


076 ֵ
ŹֵӰԽԽƮ趯Щϸϸˮ֮⣬ȫڹȡ
ԭֻǺصھҲһ𽥵ءءءھ۷ĵز
ִ۷Ժֻһ쾳磬Ź̽żȥϸˮе֮⣬ȴΣҲ޷Щھһ߳ƺתƿռ䣬̽ȥܲתµֵֻǲС
ֵֻﵽ۷زͻƵĿܣЩֵô΢΢üŹ־չüͷصǺھֻһľ磬ѾȭɵĹˡ
ڣԸ־ߣ㲻ȭƣҲֵΨһ⣬ǾǺؼηص̣ʲô
ȥŹֻǾȥ̽һȽϺãؼҵĲСܶвСвϸи⾳˵ڵηİɱ֮
İɱǰӦɱΣգҲֻٶȺ֮ƵϰɱĿ꣬иҪԼĺȵȣԷ˷֡
ڣ⾳ĸ㹻ھ֧֣ʱԻΪ¶ΧΪһ壬Խ֮⾳ͨȻڵֲɣͨߣû൱⾳ۿҲֻһֻþΪӣǸֲϵһ¶
һ±˷֣ôһɱͿûй˼ʩչǾתƿռ䣬ֻҪñ͸⾳ΧںϣͿԽתƿռ䣬ڷԲ̽Ŀ꣬תĿֵԶѻ
Ź֪תֵˣֱ˯ϢֻҪǱؼ֮ڣһĿ˯ԷȻ⡣

ҹؼ⣬һƮӰǴϸ꣬ƮԺ䣬ͣ˱ڵ䣬ܿ컯һεݾΣһ˿ۼ
󣬶Ź־Ϳ⾳ά״̬תƿռ䣬ҸڵȦҲ˲価۵ס
֮ıڣɢȦһ07.4塣һ02.4Ӧ־ߣˣȦȴǽܵһ𣬾໥§һƵġ
ȫ0ֻмǸ3.60
Ҵ̽һ飬Źֵע˲ȫǸ3.6ȦϣʶڣҲһ˿һμֵľֵһ൱ںߵֵȷЩȡ
˲Ͳʣ߶ľֵʲôã
Σ˼˿ʱŹֵ΢΢ΪʲôżתƸԼһ㾫ֵҲͻĿһ˿˿˽ˡ
ô˵˼޹֮󣬶Źֻ¶⣬Ϯ
Ȼ֪ǾͲ֪ˣֱӶĿֵ˯ӲʲôӲˡ
ҲոĿ꣬׼תʱһµȴͻȻ֡
Ѿѡתƣʱ޷оתƣҪתƣҪһĳ̶ȡ
ʲôŹһ⾫ֻܶѡһ뼤һתƣһֵֵͨھǾֵʲô
ҲڶŹһƬУڣһݻķڣ§ŮһŴϹɣȴͻȻеͷһΣƺܵʲôĹ˲ϸ΢ɱֱӾ͵ֹͣ˶ֱ˦ſ󱳵ŮӣӴһԾ¡
η󱲣Ұ㱾ˣ
ŭУһǸڻ˶ʱԹǰԲ͹׹ϣֱӾͷһĻâ˶

ԭںź͵ŮʱȴǴһо¶һ󾪿֣Уͱ͵ֻںԣ˹ȥ
ҲͬʱɵŭҲ˱ڵĺ־ߣֱӾȫٶȣڵҡ
һλֶǻɫ֣ҲȫһЩŵĵˣˣ
ģбڴˣ󱲣ֵɲмĿһֵһۣΪڽ߳ʿȻʵڽڣֵһᣬֻײСϺף󣬵ȴҲδѷ׽˷
˵ʽУֱЦϾĴڽ磬Ҳ˵ĸֵһġԷݵصķĸߵ߶ӽˣͱĨɱˡڼڽڸͲڡ
ºڷ׽һĶͷʲô쾳ĸ֣ȴҲûϡ
һͰɨˣֱɢΧ׿ռ䡣
ˣڿһưɺȴǲŭϲϾɰԽǺؼҸϣԽ
ϲӵĶһۣ˾̹վ󣬵ȴ
һ㲻ò˵ǣ˴δɵʵǷܱȵùǿߣǿûжŹֵһۿԷΪǳ
ߣԶԶͨ߸Ī⣬Щ񻰴˵УЩһǷݵأӵвĿֲ
ͺñһͨˣͻȻǿһԾʮף׻һʵǽһͬǳη;ڵһμʱԷС¶һƾջӳһŻ棬һŴ˲ճɻҽȻǴ˵ЩԷݵأɲеɱʵڽ綼ǱĲУж˲̰ɵ˵е﹩˿
Ǿ鷳˳֣ɱǸһǺؼңһᾡˡվȥ֮󣬺СĽĶЦɵ
ٴһЦǻͷ̱ڴϵŮӣǶ׽磿׽Ȼʺܷ棬ֱðڽڼڻҰʿҪӽһŮޣֱܣҲֻܰ񫣬һѶѣ˭֪̤뷲׽
ߣǸĶȻҵ£Ұףһͷתһ߿һѰܵĿĿʱȴ͵һ٣ôûˣ
Բǧ֮ڣѾȫ֣ȻûһɵĿꣿⲻܣղǹΣǴӰ֮⴫ģô˽ǧ׾룬ûĿꣿ
΢΢һ֮϶ʱһ˿գȻһӰ㣬ȻԼûʲôʧɶԷ룬Ƕһʿ޷ܵĳ裡
ãҾߣҲҪ㾾
΢΢ɫŭһֱһָ̧֣ϵһöָУƾһɢŻֽ˫һһָֽ˲ͻûһ͵ֱŸղɱ֮ӿȥ
䣡׵ڻǽڣڱڴ͸һڴֵĴ󶴣ڷɳ͵ӭһǣıŸ߰ͷ­ֱֱһĽȥ

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ֱֱԾռ˻Ŀ꣬־ȫˣǿֲվһּնԷĵص㣬ôԶľ빥ֶֹΣ
ʲô
޷תĿľֵŹֺܿʹתƿռ˳͸ӦһȵɱӿͿһһңȫһɵƿǽڣڷɳɳǽںǻһǱ״СڿצĻζһӣż
Źִ󾪣һȫɻɵֹһӾʹгʶҲ˲ߣԼҲ쾳磬⾳ܽƣӳǰΣǳ
ѵǸ߶ֵӵߵ
УŹҲһΣϸ꣬һݣҲոָ̾еһֵĲΧ
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ŹٴһҴҿϰ׵ľ룬ֻ˾ֹ¶ǹܱ߿еĹŹֲɢ
⣬Ҳ⾳һȱݣûȻƵϣ⾳״ֻ̬ھֹʱӳĹЧ׺Ϊһ壬һƶͻ¶
ҲʱҲ˻˸ղŶŹֲ֮źһ죬ֱӾԭըըһֱ׵Բӡ
ڣ͸ճĿն־ֱӾͿ˸ղһŵĶŹ֣ʱٴһϲŹ־ͨɱؼҸֶܷԷӰӣȴڼھͱɷ֣ȻϬ˿ɵٴζ˼η;
ȴ֪ɸղֻɵġֻƾһǹɱĸӦƲԷܻֱӳ
ڣڸղŶŹƶӰʱϻֳһ˿ϲ֮ɫǶԷٶȺÿ죬Ȼֱ˶µĻٶȣҪǻǾԶ㲻ģֻܿĻӲϲԼµĹȻûǼһǵƶӰҪԷֻһ˲䣬ԷӣȻֱӰٴʧ
⣬̾ϵľϲ֮ɫĬȻӲ
˹ȻǸŹ֣ͨɱ֮ǰû취û뵽ǰΡûע⵽ɵɫԾϲң⣬һŹ֣οӣ
ǰ˹Ȼ£Ҳǲһ־ҲһܣֻҪɱ˶Ź֣ȻؼҳǶɽ𣬼ֱָտɴ
ź־ߵĴɫһ죬ɫٴγŭ
ߣҴץһֽ˲ͻһֱӶŸղӰʧĵط˻ȥ
һΣŸ뿪ǱΧƾʧӰ͵س֣ٴڿһ㵽ʮ⣬ֱʧ
ɶ񣡡ɴŭôһٶô죿Уÿ֮ʧԼãȻ˿ֻܿ£
˱һϷŪǺˣͳһֽΪŶԷٴʧλþ˻ȥ
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һһδǰ֣˻Ȼ͸ǽڣڱȻըճһƬƬŵĽأò˵ֱֱȵǰǵǽڶڻһſնԺҲȫ˴ݲſյء
ϸ𽥻һ˿˿ΣɫҲ΢΢ЩɶԷȴûбһΡ
־ߵɫҲЩˣôֱڣһڹѵûɱŹ֣
ǣԷϾȻ˸һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
һιһ˻ֱһΣ̱ڵأĻɫܣҲࡣ
׽磬ϡļ޷ղŵһУҲֻȫڿڻԪڹȻһֽ֣һɺɣȴҪԪοҪһֻάĻܣ
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ȣ
ֻüһջҪܶԷĹͻȻַӰٴʧȥټܱߵĻȴͻȻһ䣬·һº͵ϸУΧڣ޾ϸ꣬Ȼ£һȵ泩ޱȡ
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һֳƵײɥһֱ쳹ڣ춯Ӳ͵һ޲ĵ˵ϡ


078 
ֱ嶼ףЩԭ̺ϸ꣬ôͻȻҪ
һĻ־УҲ˲ʧȥѪɫУǵӰԺ󣬺徹ȻϲɫķſзӭԷĹűӰ˲⣬Ҳδ̫ˣ
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ոüһ־߾̷ܱ͵һζһֿܵݵ
ȵ־ߵľһȫ˴ͣ޷޾Ǵ壬ȴѾܵЩ
أ
ֻһȭ־һֱӾԵȥһϣʱǲãͲ⡣
һ̣Ƶϸ꣬ȫͻȻֹͣЪƽ˾һеĲӰȫ͵ػһ𣬱һӰ
㣿ǿӣվڵϣˤɫҰ׵ǰӣĵ£ȴ޾ľô֮ˣôӵ˿ɲľеԪȻûԷһëվԼˣһ˲ͱԷɱ⻹ٶô
⡭⻹Ƿ֮ô
ǿͷ˿ķͻܣһ˿οֻҪߵĻ⣬һӦԼû취ɣ
һ̣ɲһɢǣǰֻ̧֣һֱ۾ͻȻǱһż׵ʯһײĻܡ
أ
һ죬ֱӱ׷ɣֱϺǽڣһӰѺʵǽײһһ˸ߵĴ󶴣ƶصһˤĵϡ
ҲͬʱǰǸԲ͵Ĺ׹ͻȻһһ˿ѺۣĹ֣Ҳ˲ٴ࣬ɫĹ󣬾Щ֣Ҫ˵ơ
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ޱߵĿ־УҲ˲þһˤˤλʹֱ࣬Ӿ۾ֵĿǰͼǸֻһǰüһĵ
ֵʲô⣿Ȼֵܵȫһ
ǰһڣȥ⣬ʿʹõķֻǼͨķҲڽʮ꣬õ÷
Ƿ˵İһȻһͰķѺۣ⣿
Źִʱĺܾֵֻ3.6ļһֵϲߣȴʵ̫ŹˣͷɻɵͷЩƺҪ׷ټѹĹŹֲ⻹𵽷õĹâⶫתصھͨȫһ󣬾Ȼܵס
Ŀ˸ĿڵһɫɣԷʱѶû˿вҲΪڸղŸӦԷΣ͵ɢŹֲŻֱġ
ɨ󣬺ڵĺ־ߣŹֱһ֣ٶȻȭͻ¡
أ
һ춯֮ĻɫâڳɢԷǰǸԲ͵Ĺ׹Ҳžһѡ
󣬶ŹֲһȡָϵһöӽָŽ˿ڴ
öָȷѾȤڸղĿ߶ֵӵߣǴָȡһֽתΪġ
ЩŹֲŻִɣӾɶݡ
ؼңˣǳ̤˥ܡ
ǽƣμڵһʱ䣬Ϳʼ˶Ժؼʣȫѹңڵ֪Źٶ¶棬ɱؼֺ־֮Ҳ׷ײβμҵĽŲʣкؼͨӵܣʼ˳׵ϴ
ҵʾãŹֲһķڣŹ΢΢üŶɣһһҹıȺʣɿУڵ֪˶ԷĹεģ֪ǰ¡
磬磬Ȼһ硣
һֱײͬǣǧ֮ǰѷʧ֮ʱôһǿޱȵĹʿɽ󴨣Ũ֮أͨĪӵ
֮󣬵磬ͷΪĴڵ磬ֱڽ硢ڽ硢ԨڽͶ硣
Ĵڵ磬ҲÿڽֻһɣڽΪʵǿģڣڽһУ»ʮС͵ĶȸɣЩɣڵ壬ΪڽһɵڻҺū͡
ϾЩɽ󴨣Ũ֮رЩŵȥ֮ʱޡصȵȡĴɾʵǿҪЩǿޡ֮ѰŵرһҲвСʧԾͽһһڻҺܵʿǧķչЩԭõʿ𽥾ͷչһɡ
ͷ׽磬ȫִͬͬһ򣬱һΰصĸ·໥硣
ɣڽڣһɵĵ΢ӡΪⴥŭһڴˣڶԷ֮ǰֻڽ磬˵ڽڣʿԣȻʱ뿪ڽ磬ٽ룬ǧѣûڵΪ޷ٲڽ硣
һ뿪ڽ磬ôʿֻҪľڴԪҪڷ׽ָѶȴڽڵԶڵײʿǶԣ׽磬һɡ֪ڷ׽磬ôֲ֣ǿ¾ҲðȻͶŹֶԿľԼԪ˵˸³ԭΪֻҪһκη֮ˡ


079 Ԫ
ʿľ绮֣·ΪᵤԪӤɽ١߸硣
׶ΣĲΣֻ൱̤֮ǰľ磬ڣ൱ں֣־Ų㣬Ϊֻײʿ
㣬ֵ3.6ڣ൱֣վڶ棬ޱȵĶɣŹԺлȻһͷ
ֶԱ֣˵ߵ쾳֮ϣҲӦûΣŹһ󾪺ִѾмͶα֣˹ڼҵľηԼα쾳磬ѾоԼֲһֲ˼ĳ̶ȡ
û뵽쾳֮ϣôླ绮֡
Ȼ֪Щ綼ʲôֵ⾳֮Ϻ֣رһɱһɱһ˫ûκѶȣ֮ľ磬ȻҲӦԶԶҪǿĶࡣ
뵽Źֲ΢΢üĶɵڽڵʿ¶ӵʲôΪ
ɿ˶ŹһۣŵǺԽ˵һλڵĸ֣Խɣ֮⣬һǰڵĳϣʿԼʮˣڽССʮɣʵҲˣɣ˵Ҫʮϵڸ֣ڽ磬ɹʮǿڣҾ˿֪ˣݹӦÿ϶нʿ
ŹֲĿһۣôʿľôλ֣ڽĴڽ֮һЩɣֻڣǺ쾳ࣿǿڣҲֻӵнʿ
ƺǿ˶ŹֵɻȴЦһΪᵤϵľ磬ô״ﵽôǺԽɵĳϣѾһٶ꣬޷ͻƣڽڣ޷ͻƵʿ಻ʤ
ǹƴʱСǰֲһ֮䣬Ϳڳˡᵤڣ˵ᵤˣֻҪڣڽھӵв׵ĵλˣһΪᵤʲô
ȵȡŹȴûпȥɵɫһӾͲ׽ص㣬ͣһٶꣿǼ֮ǰľ磬λϾ˶ã˵λϣھͣһٶꣿھ˶ꣿ
ꣿһ㶣ŻŹָʲôٴһ˿У֮ˣȻǷףΪһٶԪܳôǿסԶŹֵıģɲŵʿΪﵽ㣬ܰѻԪչһʮܼ꣬ԦУȻÿһΪܶʮԪǵڣӵϵĻԪܽᵤɹǻ꣬Ҳġ
ϣܻһʮ꣬УᵤڸܴﵽԪŹֵ˼ҲȫɸղŵĻ˹ЩʿЩ˵еһ㣬ӵйĪ˵һССڵײʿܻͷɻɵĳٽ㣬ܷУЩʿ²ǳɽᵤھܻ꣬ҲȷһΪŵˡ
ǣͷŻݵʲôҲˣԶŹڵ⾳ȻܷɣǿЩܷɵʿҲδκε
ŹֿԿ϶ϵߣϣûʿȣ·ȣǺغϵǿߣҲֻǰ˾ʮ̬꣬ӵơ
˭Ҷǻܻʮꣿ
ѵΪߣ޷ʿᲢۣͻƵ쾳ģĪģŹԺٴһ˿ɻ󣬶ɻʵҲ²¶һЩţʿԪؼһʼڲס֮㣬ԪߣھȴǴʳȡȻЩҲһܣǣȴչͨķ֮ȣ˲ֹһΣڴﵽ֮ǰΪԼ٣Ҳֻеִ쾳磬֮ͨý֮һԼ
ҲΪʲô磬ߵĸôϡٵԵʣڵʿ˽һȻûôʱ䣬쾳磬춼ﲻľ͸˵ˣö֮ߵ߱ߣ˲ֹһΡ
ȻȻߴﵽľ粻ףﵽ֮󣬺ߵȣǿͲ˵ˣѶȴģڲһһֱȥѶСģڲһһֱСȥ
ô˵˼һ󣬶Źнðһ˿⣬ԪʿϣֵκĽ
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ǰŹּûƵ⣬ֻ֮꣬ƴһЩ㹻õʻøĸ꣬ڣȴͻȻһޱȵ飬Ǿǣԣĸ˵һ꣬ǻꣿҲǲܡ
ȻҲֻ֪Щһ̶ȣӳ˵ִƼ磬ϡļֱ˷ָѶڵҪڽѶȴһĴ󡭡
ŹҲûҪĸʮʱſʼȥʲôԪȥ١
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ȻЩ߿ܾЩ˵ô
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ԿЩΪĸӳڴﵽ޺ٶϼ꣬ʮ꣬ҲѾǼˣһĸ˥ϵޣǾת֮⾵ȻҲ޷赲Ȼ˥
ԭһУǺңԶ飬ʱû˼ڣɵĳ֣ȴһµŴһӾ뵽˺ܶܶ࣬еһУҪģɾøĸܻϾܳ¡
עӣɵǺһڣЩŵĵӳԪĵҩȻеģЩڣҲױȵر
رܶأҶҪһԡŹٴһᶨĹâ˵ԼТ˳ˣΪϴβΪǣ˫ףֱӾԼТˡ
Ҫ˫ѰҿԪĵҩҲǱ𣬶˫ʲôĻرܱȵĹ飬һ룬ĸԼܻϼ꣬һԲԲģ̾öŹһ˿ܰΪĿ꣬ҪõЩرٴѣҲҪһԡ


080 ָʧЧ
ȻŹҲ׼ҪõЩӳɵѣûԤϵѶȻ˴
һ㣬Ǿνڽ磬첻
˵ڽͷ׽֮ͨڽڹоڴڲΪʿǱ֮أЩشȫŸ֪һ
һҪٽ룬߲֪֮ģ͸֪ô룬ҲֻΪﵽϣڷ׽ͨЩһ˿ӦڣȻƾӦĿ֮ܽ롣
ҪȻ֪ǰһƬǽڽͨûӦûӦĿ֮ſˣǲö롣
΢΢ЩźһŹֵҲ£ϾҲ֪ܽȥҲ̵õЩ˵еɵЩҲһʱڵֻҪǸˡ
Ҫڽ磬õӳĵҩҲҪǿʵӣ϶ǲеģ
֮󣬶ŹĿƵĶɣͼɱߣһʼöԷãҲɱˣڣѾӶԷеóҪĶҲͲʲôˡ
㡭ƺǸܵ˶Źֵɱ¶һ󾪿֮ɫֱӾ·ӣҲֻǲ̧ŲֱӱŹǰһɱ
ܹǸ鷳ЩߵʵЩ졣Ȼ˵ڷ׽磬һڵԪľôϡ磬ҪָǧѣŹȴȫţһԷѣָʵǻǸ鷳ڳУǴĸɾһĺá
ȻɱɣЩϧϾ֪ԼһķЩĶҪתƾֵҲΪһߣͱԼľֵһתƣȴҴ
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ڴˣŹҲùڸ棬ҸĶ壬ɲǸĸһĴӣǹ㹻˵ġ
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ڼϢС죬Źֲ̤˼ţŸĸԴҲûбʾ̫࣬ϾչҪϰģϰԼҶôһֱǣѾܲˡ
ٶȷغϳǺ󣬶ŹֱӸμң⼸죬μҲûţһŹַأ·ֱӾʹһµСǰݼ
ŴʦǺؼһ߳似伮˫ǸСӣ·һĶŶŹֵ
Źֽӹӣؼҵһ߳似ȷЩĶ似ĿֲãأԲڻɱίμȥѰһ¡
ڣһ鼮ȴҲֹӵ״鼮ʲôģĶʮһִ鱾ҲȫǴӡ֣żһЩȼߵĲӡͼͼġ
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ǺǣŴʦҪ֣ظлһ¶ŴʦĴƺǲ˶Źֵԥ·ͻȻͼһõЦ⣬ŶŹϵĵ
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СŹֵͷͼ·ɫͻȻͱЩЦһŹֵĵöָĹЧȷҵ𾪵ϺԼҸĳʮڵĸ߼ۣҲ˲С˭֪˭֪öָȻʧЧ
ʧЧŹһ㶣βȻĶ·ָʧЧ治֪
ǵģƲ⣬ĽָֻһҵʱЧdsʱ͸ǽָʧЧжʮʱ䡭·ٴοڣﾡһƬǱɵdsʱû£Ҳ֪ԼҲ֪ԡ
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ҲǵʱԼҲ֪ԭָȻʱЧԣҲ˵ֻһʱӵĹЧһʱΣͻʧЧ
ڴˣԼȻǲȻŭʮڣһһöû𵽣ʧЧĹڲƷϾÿչ0.1ľȣҪңöָһӾ1ľȣֻһҾͻʧЧȻһöûУȻǾμҵƭԼǿʵкǿҪŭμҿ϶Ҫͷöģô˵Ĺע£μԺͶŹ½񡢹Ψһһǿ߽ãԼҾŭҲ
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ŶŹ΢΢Щȣ˵ҪΪ¸μ鷳׻أҲ治ָֻ֪һҵĹЧҲ̴ָرμҵ뷨飬ֻʱˡ
һ棬Źһָֻһ¾ͻʧЧöָжʮңҲʧЧˣʱ϶ԭĺؾ磬Ҫģʵõа
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081 ȴ
ȼ󣬶Ź־ʹһ߳ĵ伮뿪μңĿ꣬ԭڱס
ʵڵĲҪȥס˼ªķݣҲԼϳԿʲôģֻΪҪҪתƣͱ˶ĵطΪĿ꣬ȻסռؿĴڣһڷתƣΧĿ궼Ҳ
ȥ·ϣŹһֻǴһͨ绰Լһİ֢һΣֱӸת0.1ֵװİ֢κ֮Էʮ𣬾Գסȥ
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ҡͷʧЦһ£ŹŰڴɺã;ĿʼһĶŮˣһܶʱ䣬ı࣬ɫײ˵ȦҲǺںڵģ΢΢졭
ڣڳ˯УĶͷţżϻ¶һ˿ɫ⽥ĶŹҲ΢΢ЩҲʱ˯ԺĺͻȻ֣ץʲôһѴŹֱֵۺ󣬲͵ץʹȥ
Ź־ЩȻûзĶֻҲбȥͿһӣ˫ֱֱۣٴγ˯ȥһΣȴḡֳһ˿ĵЦ
һĨЦݣУͻȻƵһ⣬Ȼһ̣ɢĿĹ󣬿ĶŹٴһۺů


082 ĺ۷
ҹִأһƬڰУŹҲ֪ղʲôʱ˯ȥģֻǵõʱڿ˯ʱ¼ѹҸôһ󣬲Ҳ¥˯ˡ
һŹ˯ĺܷɡ
һѣܵ§һ£ŷֻоȻһ
ף΢΢ԾӣȻʱҹһ۾Ϳңͷַû˺ӰڴͷԶϣȴһĺз
΢΢Źֳתƿռ俴˿ͷϷ⣬һȦھֹţ˳ռ䣬ʹ´ץз
ʳУһĪů⣬ٴγͷ
ԹԺ󣬶Źֵָٴλָԭ״ϣ½ָһ˲䣬ԭڳӯھҲʼ˿ٵšɢ
ֻƬ̣Ź˶·һһӾ;úҲȷӺ۷壬һ˵أмʧȥ˺üȻ
һΣûвЩֻΪʱһֱ⾳ڣûоȥܰˡ
ⶫȻʧЧֻһµʹڣʱսǲġѽָպú΢ӦһĿǰ״̬ŹŽתƿռ䣬ʼ
ҲǵʱŷڿתƵֵ0.1
һ0.3ֵֻǺķĴΣԼʮСʱֵȲ2.2
ǰЧʣȴǴ˲١
Ҳûиżʱ֮⣬ǳֹ˰£ֵ3.0ֵ
3.0ٽһܽˣһΣռڣֻʲô΢΢˼ţŹٴνתƿռ䣬ԤϣһǸռ䣬ûг֡
ֵ֮ģֻһ
ħѱ״ݻ٣ֱѡתơ
Ź΢΢һ㶣һռ䣬Ǹ˵ȷǱ״ݻˣ뵽ͻȻЩʧϧΪǸռĴڣܰÿһνȫӴԺûǸռĻֵܣֻԼȥѵˡ
˼Ϻżѡתơ
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ٴ̽ȥתƣһֻΣŹ־Ͱֵ3.2
һʱҪǰΣΪԼ0.1ֵʱҪĴתƣھȻֻҪΣʱ伸һ
ϲεʵ飬ѾףֻҪľתƵֵҲԽԽ࣬һֱȥ϶ﵽǰÿһתƣ0.1ֵھڵ
ʵҲûгŹֵԤϡ
ķʮʱֵ4.0Ƚؾʱһת0.4ֵڷԲѡĿ꣬һΣ飬ǷҪתƣһֵ
ʮ죬ŹֵֵҲڴﵽ5.1
תƿռĴСÿοתƵֵҲһֱӡ
һ0.5ֵֻҪξӣԼʮһ磬£Ҳʮ£λܵڣҲѾСʱ䣬תƣŽִƿ
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ҲֻҪٿһΪ֣һŹ־Ȼ֣޷̤
ֵ֣⾳ܣѾˣʵҲִ˺۷壬Ϊʲô޷תƣ
˶Σ޷תƣŹֵƿ֪
⼸Ҳż꣬ÿһ꣬ʱ䣬ƣȵĸһ⾳˵ڵƵ֮⾵յıǰҪ񼸷֡
ѵҪٶһΣһµ⾳У
޷죬Ź΢΢ЩգȴҲ꣬ϾڵҲ֪⾳ⶫҲֻܿȥż
ѹµŹҲʱֹͣתƣó˼ǰõһ߳似ʼС
ϸϸƷĦã𽥸㶮һ߳ԭǾ״ѹڵھЩھȫ˫֮ϣγһѭֱѹ˵弫ޣȻͷţе˳ƷʱЩھͻγһȵĳǰɴ̡
У߸ҪЩתͷֱ۵ȴҪλܱ˲ĳײ
ò˵һĹ˼ŹŪ֮󣬵ҲԴһ߳似ļһһ˿塣ӱǺѣͷ󣬴һŶضƵ似ȴҪߵǻۺˡ
ڳ׼סһ߳ĸתʽ󣬾Ϳ뿪סתھźϳȥ
ֲֿıٶȣĺ۷ʩչȥΪס


083 似һ߳

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΢΢ǰϳҰ䣬һǵĲӰֱؼһţٶȣһŻʵǣֻһգۣͳʧãã޼ʵĺڰУӰɢиһžը
ٶȣ
һһ˵ٶȣﵽһּޣָѿ춯žͷƤ
ಣ
һҵķһӰֱӾͣһƬ͵ؼ䣬󣬶Źֲ΢΢ɫתͷȥ
һӶǺ̵̺ܶܶʱ䣬ңҲûаڵھȫѹִܵļޣֻѹ߳ɵѡھֻֻһӶѣͿһ߳似Խǧ׵ľ룡
һӣǧף
ٶȣöŹִһȻѾʶ˺ؼʩչһ߳ʱܣǲǺ¾Ǻ壬չֻǺصߣǵھǣͶŹֱ˿ɲֹһ
Ե似һ۷ʩչ䱬Ŀࡣ
²ȫʩչӵ˿ֲٶȣȫʩչȵִ쾳ȫʩչֻжֲ
һѹеľ£Źһ󾫹磬ٴΰһ߳ʽʼѹھ
һΣ׼ȫԸ
ǰûѹļޣֻΪرϤһ߳ʽ飬Ӱһ߳оܽǰʧܵľȵȣÿֻתһھֱٵɡɡڵѾһ߳Ϊ̵ʶȫʩչҲһЩա
Ȼѧϰһ似ɲǼ򵥼ܳյģڵĶŹֻ֣Ǵ˷ʽҪʵսǲеģֻһԣһ߳ɣ׼ֻҪһ벻ǴɣϾսʱֲ̫׼ʱսһ㣬ؼҼˣǴɣٻҪ׼ӣ͸˵Źˣڴ׼Ҫӡ
ûεĥϺѵⶫԶԶ̸ա

ھתŹ޷ԶɷǼͳ׹һڳ΢΢һȥ˱һҲֻһ˲䣬Щĵ壬˳͵شܳڵϣ۵һ졣
£һЩϸ΢Ǳ紵һܿ¶һĿӰ
ŹֵӣҲ͵΢һ˲ЩѪ죬һͷĺڷҲ׵һȥҲպ¾˷ǰơ
ӣŹ˫ĿһɣһöѾȥ޼ʵһױȵĳǰһɶȥ
䣡
뿪ԭվ֮أֻСӵĵشһӾһը죬һʮʮ׿Ĳݡ
Ҳһ˲䣬ŹֵӣѾʧ˵ء
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ǰӰѾʧһĿըŸոմղվλôһһȥĹ켣Ѹǰӣ
ǧ⣬ֻһ˲ͳǧףӽʮشĶŹ֣˵ĸоڷһǿķƣһѰѷĵѸҵиաҲֻһӲĹһװǱСиһò
Щҵķƣû˿ͣͣԴѸ͵̬նÿһ缡
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ڶŹֱֵӾͷһֲĴһ߳һעڶķϣҶŹֵʣҲԶͨ˿ɱȣ´ʱͱҵķƣиƬ
ÿ죡ٶȣ˲ϢʮѹھŷһС룬ƣֻǺء
Ѿ۾תзھǰ벿ˣöŹһƬȻ쫷зʹȷҲΪҪֲúؼʩչһ߳ʱҪЩ͸Ĥ塣
ת߳ھʱһǧѾΪˣȫʩչһʮأٶȺͱ;ײʲôˣһӾܰѶԷײϡãΪһ̯࣡
ҲҿʱؼҼ˵Ϊߣﲻ˳̶ȣʱȴкصǡ
ҲڶŹ΢΢еʱ⣬ͻȻٴηһžžըըͬǰЩըƵ࣬΢΢ЩƣֻһӣöŹֻһëЩ
ֻΪըȻֱŵһɷζ
ãĦ̫ң·ˣ
̡
䣡
ҲֻǲŸתǸͷŹֵͻȻͷǵĻƣЩƲŸշֱǰµĿֱֱֲ¡

һǵ죬ԶŹͻȻͰڳһǶֱֱγһޱȵ
һȥʱҹɫ£һɢǻԵٶȣֱֱҹգһţӰֹžը죬һĻɫβֱֱͣӳǧף˵׳ޱȡ
һȫʩչϰߣȻ޷ĵ޷ֹͣ
ɶУŹֱӾͿЦûϵһȫʩչһ߳壬ٶȾȻﵽ˿ŵĳ̶ȣȻֱΪĦ죬
ô죿Ȼھ壬Щϸ΢ĻƣܰôǣѾˣѵҪҳ巵غϳǣ㱼
Цõһ˲䣬ŹԺͻȻһ˼ȱĻͷٶȼ죬ͨ˶ܿʲôҲֻỳԼۻʲôģֻҪؼңʲôģҪѼӵġǳģ


084 Ů


һըŹķͣҰ䣬б鲻Ƿڣս˵Ҳľֹ͵Źǰ׷ɡ
ֻһ˲䣬ҰͶһ³壬һ˿ƵӰ
Źɫְףֺ죬Ȼ˻ĽҰأҲˣǵһʱס塣
һεڵеˡ
֪ˣҲʱȫʩչһ߳Ч߼ȥԣҲǰ׼һױ÷װ
ˣ΢ŤͷһѾЩ׵ĶʣʱϳҲһʮ·̡
ҲڶŹַ֮ʣԭѾ΢գ⵹ǿĶŹ΢΢һ㶣һϲ
ˣһˣһΣ
ϳǵشвƫЩ꣬ȫůвλãʮ·Ҳѩ
ִ۷徳絽ڣѾһܣһܣÿһڳĻҰشѧϰһ߳似ĹУŹҲһֱڵꡣ
ϾѾӵ⾳ΪҲﵽ˺۷壬ȴһֱͻƲ쾳磬ȷֵûɣ£ҲƲܻҪУ֮һ⾳ƣȻͻơ
һܣʵһƣɲϲ
Ϊصı仯Źַʱ˳ľôվԭأȴ
ȷȻҲ˹һУò˵ֲ̫Ȼ֮ı仯̤ûκΰμһκ󣬶Ź־ֻ֪ܵȴȻ֮ꡣ
ȴУʱţŹҲ֪˶ã㣬ʱѾŵңʣȴɻûһ˿⣬ò˵ôãֻȴûһ˿ν䡭
Σ᲻ꣿѾǶǺ䣬ʣȴ˿Щ¹鲻£ôһֱȫվڻĽҰҲȷǺ£׵һСʱû꣬ŹֵҲԽԽ
ΨһЩľǣһΪƧҲûʲô···Ȼֻϼ̨ס
ȥ⽥ʱͷգԶ֮ϴȴͻȻһҫ۵Ĺâֻһţͨ˿ȥԻΪԼ˻þǳҵͻȻƲ㣬˲ֻ˹ȥ
֮µĶŹ֣ȴ˲нֻȻ˫ֱֱۣĿ֮ϣͻȻճֵһӰ
ߣ
ԺдҴһһͷŹȻڻɱʱЩϧûܴеõ֮ԺҪڽ磬ֻܿȥѰ߳ڽʿǰǧ룬Ҳû£һʿ

һ׹ҲڶŹת֮ʣǸͻȻֵӰֱֱʹӸ߿׹䣬ͷ߾ȻǻԲѵģ
׵ľ룬ԷʿǺ޷һˤ£Ҳ
Ҵ˼ϣŹֱһھӾչĲӥһ㣬һԭظ߸Ծ˲ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣһѱסǸյʿڸ߿׹ѹ£͵һתۣһ档
ĲڵϺ󣬶Źʱȥеʿһ˲΢
⾹һźɫ۵Ůӣڵ㷢ֱʣʱΪŹţһ˿˿㷢ֱӴ˵ϣһڣ֪ɺֲƳɣȥ˿˿ȴƫƫһ˿ůĳۣҲЩĺۼŵһȹ°ڣǱʲôпǿ˲һӴȲбб£¶һǺɫʣȴһ۵¡
ڣԷ޳Բѩ״ϣһĿ˺ۣȻ˺ۼϸȴҲһһһ˿˿˳޳˵ƻޱߵС
ŮӵϵƣԶֹһǰͷ󱳵ȴһл򳤻̵ֱֱۡͰŮӵһã¶һƬƬϸļģѪģ
Ҵɨһ飬ŹּæѹеľֱֱȥŮӵǰֱӾ
25.7񣬣0.8
ŮӵľֵȻߴ25.7ֵֻһͻ᳹ȥ
ǿѹĵ׵ľκˣŹɨŮӵݣ˲һ£ŮӣڻѣУһҰ׵ûһ˿ѪɫȴþöŹҲ˿ȥݡ
ȥԼʮ߰ģ˫۵գԾɴһ˿֮ɫ԰׾ӨĴ괦һ˿˿Ѫۡһȥ̲סһ˿ϧ֮⡣
ò˵Ҳֻһ£Ź־ʹҴҰԴ˹
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ֵߴ25.7ߣýֺͷ룬ŹҲܲµһڸ֡
Ȼ˱ƵֵزֱӺȻϵ˺ֻۣһۣǱΧһܰʿƵ˵زˣʱҲǶŹǵġ
͵شһæŮһ˦󣬶Ź־ƴתھ
תھĹУʱ̽䱸ܵһУֻҪ¸ӦһΣյĸоͻԥĶŮӣֱԼ롣
һʿǽ⾳֮ҲɣŮʿڽϣȡ
̶֮󣬶Źɫٴη췢ǣһڷҲǵͺһһƿըʧԭء
ʮ룡ҲֻŹ־͵ִ˺ϳ֮⣬£ӴĸУҲ¶˶ߡ
һ߳壬㲻ɱУֻݣٶҲϬһֻǺأ˲ݶʮǽ졭
һ֮߳󣬶ŹֲŸפ㣬Ժһͷھע˫ȣһһ㣬Ӱûд𣬾͸ĿƵģ˲Ʈ˺ϳǡ
ӴĶУǧͨˣֻҪŹֻаգԷҵģֻҪ΢ͣһ£ʱ䣬ܳκŮʿơ
ҲΪİգ˲ö⣬лŮޡ


085 ر

ңң֮ϣһѷƵĺɫ̺ڿһţһɫ۷Ӿƾճ˵ա
ӳ֮һɨܣ͵رۣƬ̺󣬵ٴʱ˫оɽ¶һ˿𾪡
ôܣ׽ϡֻҪнϴķһºۼիhǼѾƣôû˿
૵˼䣬ɫ৵һµ棬һ˫۾Ѱ
Ҳʱϳǣ𣬾Ÿ¥ԾŲִзشһƵ¥ʱŹֲͣ
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һתԹٶǱ¥ֻǼʱ䣬ִһϻ¥
һУŹֱŮޣڷŲΣִһСù¥¥£Ǽǿһ׼׼䣬ŰѶԷСĵı˽ȥ
0.6ֵʱ¡
΢΢˼һ£Źţܿ¥ȥԼʮӺ󣬵һЩҩɴȵȷʱ
ȴͻȻ֣ŮӾȻĿţ͵ؾ˹
˭һŮֱӾͳĿƵĶ˶Ź֣۶Ǿͽ䱸֮ɫ
ˡŹȴҲ˿£ϾԷưԾͻ˻еĶƺ¶ԷʿЩͽ͵Щ԰ֹѪˡ
ʱϸƣ΢΢ⷺѪһɫĳȹ£ҲȾ˺ںɫҲֺ˲٣ΪʧѪԵʣԷֵֵˣ0.8
ȵңŮһȴͻȻһѣӵֱ͵һžһ͵˴ϡ
ԷѾѣŹֵҲʱֱӸתֵֻͷʹǰеҩһһóһЩֹѪҩ͵ݵǰЩͿĨһ˿ڣɴ
ˣ뿪һ¡ŮȻ͵̧ͷϸĴ˶Źһۣſڵ
Źһ㶣͵˵ͷеҩ˳˷䣬ڷֵʮӣͻȻдһ
ɡ
ףЩߣҲᴫԣƺЩŹֵĲγɵߵĴȻͬڶŹһ㶣һ˿֮ʱ
ǵٴˣңڿԽˡ
ʲôˣѵʿΪѰ˭˵ٴηһ˿Ź֣ŹŶ롣
ͿŮӴʱȻѾһִװ
һҵߣһĺɫ£һ㣬䳤Ͳѥһͷ㷢ɢڼͷͷϸһҺɫñԭһ·Ŵ͵ŮӣȻڶ̶ʱ䣬ɱһʱԸеĶŮɣ˼ˣҲֻǻΪһΪƯĳŮѣϲ뵽ʲôݵصһ
ȻԷɫɺܲҰףֻһۣ;ķ֣ŮӵֵȻָˣ0.5
Ӧ˵ҩ΢󣬶Źָֻƽ̧ۿ˶Է۾
ģȻŮʿôִװ˿ŮУȴһ˿ƽĻȻŮӾͶŶŹֿڵ㿴š
һ̣Ůһֻ֣޳۵ģͻȻԾһ˿ɫ棬һ˿͵һӭһǣֱӱһֱɵĳС񣬶СһչᣬֱӾʹŮķŮӵ߿ٷ˼Ȧ;ǷһĵǻֵȫһֱС
СžһڿУɢ˸Ӱ١
һĻȴĿöŹЩȣ²ǵһμЩɴĻɵһǸֻɣܷ׵ĻɵĻȥˣȴûŮӵС鶯档
ǣÿһλҪǰóһֽŮӣȴʲôҲûá
Щʿʵڹ죬ЩǴĽ֮ʩչ΢΢УŹͻȻһȻЩʿƾջûɻɵôܻܲûˮأѧЩÿһԵʱЩôһϸ꣬⾳սǡ
ԽԽͷŹ˶Щ˷
ȾϲŮУȴҲһ˿졣
֣˾ȻӵôõĶһΣЩ˼ЩǾźµ˹ķӦȻô΢
ԭΪС¶֮ȹԼķӣһᾪźã׼ˣֻҪԷֵ̫ţôǲϧȴԺ侲ͣһЩ̸¡
ŮӣȴûϵԷȻҲˣϲҲϲˣһзӦȴ΢˵
ŮӻǰɫŶŹڵңҪô㣿ղŵһУҲˡ׼ٻֻҪҪ̫֣Ҷ㡣
ȷ磬ȻµʿҪ뿪ڽ缸ȥ޻أײôڵʿȴڴС
ڼڽڣڵʿȻǾ˳뷲׽磬һˣȴᾭôСڣһӵʿΪɵÿһ£ҪѰһЩʺͨˣȻڽڣҪȻŵ󼸸׵ڽ磬Ҳܷܴǧꡣ
Щ˵ĳ룬ҲΪ˲ٴ˵Ĵڽֲݴĸңңķλڽ磬شϣԾвٹɽüȵص˵޷֪ڽϸͰѻɵڽ׵ĽأҲЩʿֺʧĵشö֮ɽޡüʿȵȣҲһԽԽƮ£磬ڶ֮ϣǧҲ޵ɵٵĴ˵ڳԨڽ磬Ϊشɽ˵ڽ磬ȴشвɽһ¡
ŮӣǴྭ׵ʿ֮һԲŻЯִװ֪֮ͨˣڼߵͨķӦԴʱֶŹֵķӦ΢ʵڲô档


086 
֮ҲٴĿƵĶ˶Ź֡
׼ٻ󣿡Ź΢΢һ㶣ŮʿŪԼͨˣҪʲôٻȻҲǼΪģڶԣЩȴûʲô룬ŹȻھͽԼĿЩֱӣȻԷ¶ôֱˣԻ̽ʵҲҪЩֻѧղŵ֪Ҫ㲻֣
Ů⻰ɫȴ΢䣬ڶŹΪԷԸʱȴͻȻһݣеܵĿУͻȻٴηһ޵ĹŹֲ볯ӿ
ЩûΣϢŹҲֻһ񣬾Щ˳ڡ
Ǹоһϸϸˮһ㣬ֻǼӺЩŹֵĲȫ塣
ˡֱԣʣʺŮջֱӾ΢΢ü˶Ź֣һ;ûô򵥣ȻʲܾһУʣҲ̫ˡܿܿһȰ㻹ѡһЩٻĺá
Ź΢΢һԼʣʺ̫֣ܿѹЩЩŹֵĵһѧϰղ
㡭Ů͵һüŹֵ񣬾ЩϲԼղŵȷһƬģȹԼһķϣźȰģû뵽һﾹȻʶô
ü֮Ůȴûж˵ʲôֻٴչüͷǺãȻһҾͽ硣
лʦŹһϲæ˳ڵ
Ů⽲˼䣬һ¶ŹֵֶٽһҲֻ˵իh»Ʒ֮⣬Ͳٶԡ
仰֮իhٴһüЩεĶŶŹֵʵΪʦ㣬ֻʣĲʺɣڸ㼸ʱ俼ǣڵĻʱңʱ׵ٻһԸ㡣
ллʦ⣬һϣŹһ㶣ϲԷȻ˲ԼҲڱ֮ʱȴֱӱիhִϣˣȳȥɣ
ǡŹֵͷЩŹֵ˳ȥ
ʣĿܼʺϣիh˵¿һҲ񣬵˭õֻҪܰѾֵһͿԿʼתơתƵٶȣ
ʱһ㣬ҪִŲ㣬Ҳֻǰҵʱ䣿
իh˲£ŹֲܲЩŹ֡
뿪СݣŹ͵һЩ£իhҪٷǲ˵ͻ磿
飬е㼱ˣϾҲ֪һȥҪʲôʱ߳
֮ǰͱҪƴһĳЩˡ
ţŹֻ·ߵеʱȴͻȻһ͵̧ͷգ󣬼ζΣʹӸ߿ֱֱ֮׹䡣
žž˶Źֵǰ֮ϡ
Ҳ⼸⣬ŹֵڣͻȻͷһ˿˿ŹֵĲ·ЩԭǾתھͻȻ˷ڵơ
ˣȻһ꣬Ϳ˳⾳ͻ죿Źִϲڵָоǰδеǿңĸܵ꣬ڣÿһĹǺȣǴ̵ֲѿһ㣬ҪС
Ƶ⾳Ҳһ̣Ȼ˲ס˷ԲﷶΧ·Щ꣬۾壬ƣĲ׽﷽ԲڣµһС
һ̣·꣬Ҳֱ˴ˡ
ҲʱŹ࣬ǰҲˣҲȫƣĲͻȻϾѾĸСʱˣȴúңֻǶ̶һ˲䣬˱ɴơ
·ϵˣʱǷ׷·£߹վ̨¶ܡ
һǡڶŹԭվĲԶͣ΢΢˰ӣŷ¸ղͷĹİһңҿܵÿ죬ûܵſңܿ춢˶Ź֡
ˣǣ´ˣվŸ
ңȫΪͻȻƵͷܵˣҲֻжŹһɵɵվڼվ⣬ˮˢȻע⡣
Ҳֻһ仰֮ȴͻȻ͵һӣĵԲۣԿǸӰͻأһε£ǲӰһ㣬ɢʧ

˵ǳ٣ʵһУڼ̵ʱڣӸտʼ꣬ڣֻʮʱ䣬ŹƾʧḶֻ́һӶѣһˣͻȻһδޡ
ȻֱӾŵ͵صкëֻͷƤը͵żղŶŹʧĵطǳ˾ֺͲ
й
ģģ
ļУϹ·Ҳ׷̧ͷͿһƬּУʱ˾ˡ
һɵ˰ɣ
ٺ٣棬ִᣬѹ󣬿ϧôһꡭ
ҲһʱԶСڣԭŸոմָϵĽָУȡһŵҩҪõիhȴͻȻһľĿ˴⡣
ˣˣʿڸ
ߣһʼͽ׳ȻϢΪز֮ȴе
ΧΪһ壬һʵϢǸˣǸ֣
ҲֻڶԷ֡
ˣѵ׷ˣɫУիhֱӾ͵ϢҲܴʱ廹ֱӾֱӣסȥ
ڣֻܽΧͨ˵ΣѵĿܡ


087 
顢΢΢ʹһǻĳζ
Źڳ׻Ϊƺ˵ĸоҪ֣ж֣ͷһ˿ѣǿѹס⡣
Ҳ֪죬᲻ʲôرľΣܼĶнͷĽ죬϶ǲʺϵġ
⣬Ź˶ûһ˿ӰֱֱԽԽԶ˵ǰûͨܿΪٶ̫죬ͨ˵ϣôڣû壬ӶΪ㣬һεϸꡣ
ÿһε䣬棬ֿʱ˳ˮƾÿһ缡壬תơ
ݣ
Щյݡˮһһءˮֲܱٶȣһݰ
ҲֻǼתŹ־˺ϳ֮⣬һƬߵؼ䡣
Ƶ䣬ͻȻͽһһȥһεε飬һˣ֣ƫƫ˳ֵΪȻгûһ˿ͻأУ·ԭͺݱӦóһȻһ˿С
ִ˽⣬ƾŶƵգΧ֮ڣûһ֮󣬶ŹҲڲѹֱӾ˳֮⾳ſ顣

˳ƶͬʱһѤɫ⻪ֱӾʹӶŹͷֻһգ۾ͰͷϿȾһƬɫ
һεɫϸ꣬켱صĵ䣬ڶŹֵʱȻһȦȦˮ·ǸļһƬƽĺˮ

һ𣬶Ź͵һֱۣҧأһ̣Ǻ̤죬̥ǡ
ÿһ缡ÿһǺһ߽⣬γһƬޣȻΣγһոµ壬̥ǣ
УŹָǸеԼļȵȣʼһ类Ī˺ѣ飬һ˿˿ϸ΢Ľṹɸ߿֮ϵΣһεΰںϣᡭ
棬ʹ࣬һ˺ѵʹֱ࣬ǿֲˣ¶ŹֵĳԶǳ˿ɱȣȴҲֱֱιȥʹ֮֮ںϡᣬȴһǰδе泩Ϳ֮⣬Ǹ߳һһһĴЩеһδγˢÿһ񾭣ֱֲ㳩ȥ
ͺӣһޱߵĵУŸĥãܣһȴãӵһ㣬һ˿ѡ
Źػس˲֪ĥܺ󣬲ͻȻеȫһɣеʹܣȫɢһֲд

һգּ䣬ȻžķһصĿ
ɣﵽ쾳磬ŹڵһʱͲĲͬٶȣǰǿ
ڵľڴʱҲñǰ࣬ͺһչһһڣͻȻľڣһųӯھûһ˿ϡɵ
죿쾳磬ֹӵǿ⾳սʺھҲǿ࣬죬Ϻ֣Ǻ֣ҲּܻöԷذɣֲЩң֪ҿֺ󣬻η壡
΢΢һ£ŹۣȥԼֵ˲͵һ
֪ʱȻֱ˳ԭûһ˿ӰҲ֪ǲ̥ǵĹУ˺ƬˣȲֵҪ
ſȥŹֳһ
020.1
۷Ϊֵֻ10ҲֻǴӺ۷壬죬һӾͰֵ20.110.1
Ӵֵ仯һʱŵϾİÿһΣŬԼת0.1ֵԴھԺֻԼת0.1ֵҲҪֳΡβɣڣֻͻһ磬һӿԽһʮֵȣȷ̫ˡ
𾪹󣬶Ź͵һϲתƿռ䣬ͷ֣ʱΪԲģңγһ뾶Լǧ׵ľ޴ռ䡣
ʮֱԲ˹תƿռ䣬ٴγҪ֪ں۷壬ҲֵΪʮʱתƿռ䣬ֻһ뾶һǧ׵Բռ䡣˭ֵ֪20.1ʱռ侹Ȼһ屶
ô˵չǺ£
һϲӵŹֵҲǿǰǣǿܣûЩʿΪУʵ⾳Ҳ˸ڸһսĵǡ
ȻںڸսʱصĳôĻ࣬սֵʩչһ߳ݣҲгģ
ƽʱŹֲֿƺ⡣
իhֻʱ䣬ǶԷҪƣȴȷЩˣĸǱߣҪưһ£˵ҪμȥԲһ»أҲ׽
ֻһ㣬Źȴ΢΢ѣǾǺ
ʵʵ˵ڶԺв᲻صϲͰ⣬ڵһĶŮˣŹֻ治֪ڸδ
ǾһԵߵչЩϾһȥʲôʱִܵڣȻ뿪ڽ磬Ҳûһա
ǰȥһ
ҲͶŹö⣬׼ȥʱȴͻȻһ٣͵һھӣһ¾ڿն
УҾȻܷˣɲǼ䣬Źֳ׾ϲԭֻһ˿ӦԼ࣬ҲֻһԣԼڵǲƺܴﵽʲô̶ȣȴû뵽ֻһڿ˿С
ϲ󣬶ŹżھתڰббķȻһʱ仹޷סеľϣٶȼƲסƽ⣬ȥƣÿÿҪͷסӣͣ˿С

ʱţŹֶھĿҲԽԽҲյ˷еľϣʱ΢΢ӿٶȣ·ɲѣиǱһ󳩿ĴЦ
ƾշУջ󣬵ȷǼΪϬġ
һͻȻõİߣŹֵҲһʱѹе˼ֻȫͶ뵽˷ѵ
һν죬ľϲʵ̫ˡ
һĹӵӰϺ£ǰһƬУƮɣҲҿﹻƧûһˣȻ˭ӵƮɣҲñ


088 Ů
꣬һֱڳ¡
ϳڣһ꣬Ҳû̫Ӱ쵽ǵ·жΣһӴĹ㳡ĳ¥ǰŵԱƷŮӣ˿վͥ£ȫüͷ
½ʱѾƣҲ˶ǵôߡ
ôѽ껹һֱ¸ͣǻûԷءһ΢ԲȥȻرȴҲ˾ú˳۵ŮӼüë΢΢Թ
ǺǣҪһˣȥһһŮĸϸ߸ЬȻһ壬һǾдһ˿ģĶ쵰ͣȥȴǼΪ͵Ǻ
ȻʱǶ̳ڵĵԱͳһǳɫƷڼӱů£һµСУϼϥɫȹɫͲ޿࣬ȥȴĵû˿ӷ׵̬ɰ˹յİ͹֡
¸̳ȫװ磬ȴ޳ߣһڵȺټһſȥģഺŮĻ͸©ֳŮֶζľף۶Ŀ
ҲȷԴӻʱźûӪҵµĹϾ﷢£Ǹ˲СӰģݵҲֻǲ˰²
ð˵˭ԲŮʱҲӹ˻ֱӾЦ
˵أȴͻȻһЦƤĺ˶Էһۡ
һƲһ˿޶˶˵ģԲŮҲһ͵ЦСҶ
˵ԲŮӸ־ȥ
Ǻǣ֣æЦģΪܣϾʱȻ࣬ȴҲкüģֻһǿЦ⣬һߺġ
öЦ˸˵ע⣬󣬼Զһ׷׶ǰУимĿ⣬εľͣ˺ϣɢȵĿ⡣
ߣ㻹ҲҡԲŮȴɲϷɣִȥȴǹĺɫ죬ֲǰЦֻܻĺŭͬ顣
ò˵һˣ΢΢õеĸ£𪾫µϣǷ˿˿Σ˵ĸ˴۷ҲңֱøˣȫǷ׷׹˺ͷҲԽȡ
ƺҲǸܵЩĿ⣬ҲֻǺͬСЦ˭֪Ȼھ֣Ҳ̲סҪʱ
һͦΣľ߸̬ȴͻȻӴ¥˳һۿǰһĻǰʱһֱ̤ǰź򣬻ûȥԷ
ӵʻԲŮ͵ֹͣ˶ʹһ˿ζòʺãܡ
ڴʱҲǿղѵĵͬһۣżæһһӵûأܡ
µĻ󣬵ڻûͣͷ۴⣬תͷŮЦҪҲҪȥԷ˳·ǣ
һ˵ţָָܸòԶͣ
ˣٵһ¾ͺá΢Цҡҡͷ΢΢üǸԲŮĺܾ֮ҲҡͷЦ˵á
ܣȻ˵꣬ҲʮˣѳɼҡֻǱ¶ͬ°⣬ŮҲܾκȴΪѣǾŹ뷽跨ûռЩŮԱһЩСˣö̳֮ŮԱǷһ
Ǻǣ£ȥȡܲܲԷɣȻŶӹ˹˿ͣӰɾͲˡȴǲŮҡͷֱӾЦŵ
ɫѿҪٴοھܾȴתͷʱ̣ͻȻԶһӰڳǸӰʱȴǲƵģ͵գգƯĴ۾ȷǾʱһŰϣ͵ų˼ΪϲЦݣƾֶһ˿ǳǳĺΡ
ľͷòǸɡİɣϲУһ˾ϲȫڴһ̣һűԵϣɢһ˾Ķǵ
ԶŹ֣ǰѾȷԼϲˣȻҲڱ§˯һ󣬻׼ҹɶļһǴԺ󣬻û˵ʲôԵĻǴԺһֱæȻҲżһԷҲƽżһΣӣһ춼ûټˣƵʣסĵطȴôֱӾ͸һϰ£Щĺࡣ
ô˵һڼʱĶŹֳɡ󣬻һӾϲ
ģߣϲкڴУȴͻȻãԼƺñֵôʱּİףװûŹһ¸ԼҪһ㣬Ҫ˵û;˭һʧһܡ
ò˵ѾЩüǴߵۺڴ֮ɫǳֵı©˼
ֱӾͿһֱܣ͵صԲ۾һ͵Ĺ˹ʺλǿдӼϲջƿߣΪԾĿС
ƽʱ˶ǿⱣž룬˵ҲûѰôڻӵ𾪺ͲУܾͿǰʮ⣬һɡһзΣӡ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬һӣͻȻһĪĶʻͼޣתͷ˿򣬷ִʱ۳ǰ⣬ƺûκ˵ĴڣµĶʻͼҲ͵ٴһΣٴתͷӵʱͱüΪ
°ôҲ¼˸ת֮ʣŹҲ˺ǰ˳̨׶ϣ£ɡŹЦݵĶźһſƵģܡ
Ҳֻһۣԭǻ֮ɫܣͻȻ͵شһ£ƺһӾ׹˱һ㣬ֱֱһ磬ָоָ
֣ô£ֻһ˲ת䣬ܻΪԼ˻þǺɵ·ԼһԳԼɹǶ죬꣬ͻȻ紵Ҳ֡
¶˶Ź֣ĿΪƣʵ˭ѽôôû
㡭ԭװһŹ֣֪һ¾ʧٵĺȴŹЦʹ󣬾ֱӿܣǸӣȻܵʶŹ˭
һӣ͵ؼ¶Źֻ˲ʲôᣬʱʹҴбһŶŹֵֻҵ˾ᡣ
һ仰ټϽֵı飬ֱӾɫٴδ䣬Źֵ񣬸Ǻ޲ֱӳ
ʱŹȴѾĿת˿ЦЦº͵ĶźԷûһɡ
ðһƺûʱ˼æڴӦͻȻԼôôְʱֺôһ࣬ٴοŹֵȻɳۣȴƺͷ
ۣ治ʵô˧ѣȻһֱҴţƭ˵ǵУҪͣ˧磬Ǽ򣬵ȹ˵ҲǵʱһԵǸԲŮӲ͵طһȵĵͽУźЦǶ۾شŹ֡


089 
Ҫ㣡һͬĴȤɫߣܵľ뿪ڱ˵˻ŮѹϵϾ˭Ҳû׹⻰ŵߣȴֱ͵ѹȥתͷŹ֡
ȼûΪ仰¶ϲзԵʱ͵һûԣѵĬԼŮˣΪʲôִʾ
һʱ䣬ȤҲˣȻЩûʧ
ǺǣһȥԷɡŹЦЦһˣҲν
ʵҲƽֻΪδͺ֮ĹϵҲǺͷҲֻΪòúҪ뿪
ðǸϿ߰ɣԲŮٴһ˷ܵĵͽУֱӾֱۣŶŹֵ
˹һɡֱӾû˲СС
ҲֱʱԶŹֳֺ󣬾ͱΪ͸˵ܣ͵һҧŶŹֵıӰݺݵķһСӣҵţ
һתͣһɫۣβŸˣֱ߽һҷݺһ˿ͳЦóֻ
ι骸ôŵ绰һͨһ骸磬ֵм£æС£С£һ֪ļһѣҼѣѵһ¾УãһԷ
ˬĹ˵绰֮͵ؾһ˿õЦ⣬ԶǸڵ񣬸ǳϷŰ
˵óõ˵ҪСӺÿ;Բƽµĳٷ
ղŴǸ绰ԷҲǸһЩһ죬Ҳżʮˣ˵͸ֵɳвǳĽ飬ܲƣöԷѵһС꣬Ȼ
һ뵽⴦ϾԽ
ߣҵòģҲ׵õģ
͹ݣ󣬵õȴܸɾࡣ
͹ڣŹ˿֪Ȼǿȥ֪̽ΧһУһУù㲻ƾƣֻƾֵҲ׵֪һж
ǣֻһͨˣľֵȷɵȫ0¶Էʼ¶֮⣬Ҳֻǿһۺ󣬾ͲٶܣϾһͨ˵ĲɫһûһвϢ
ܲһ˿вζŹȻҲʱֵ̰͸ӦȫɢΧÿһϣȥӦ˵һж
ֻǾŮţЦſԲŮӵˣʱҲ֪ԲŮӵ֣
˵ѣղŵĲˣûһƽʱϲԵģҲûһҰԵģǸ˭ѽŸյˣͻȻЦǹŹֵĶźҿ
žһղֻȻľǰͶŹһԷľ飬˼ǰĲˣȴû뵽ǳЦʱߣĵ˺һֺۣŹ֡
ŹҲ΢΢ЩΣܿƽľ΢Цڶŷ˼ϲԵĲʽ
Ҳ˺üŪ۵ĵЦֻǸŮ衣
ˣ˵ˣʱȴһۣԭҲǵԼϲʲôװյӣźͳ⡣
ЦƬ̣ȷʱ˾ͿʼʳҲڷõһʱԷͻȻ߽˼꣬󣬼վſɨһȦΪһֱӾͶ˶Źһ
תͷʾһӣȫ󲽳ŶŹ
ߵ;УΪ׵ӣֱֱͶŶŹЦҲͬʱŹֱӾͷ¿ӣ΢΢üͷ
ȻûиӦһΣϢһֱĿתעӣܸӦġһ㣬ǰҲռ˱ˣڿű۸ʱһֱעǺ򣬲Ŷ˶Źֵĸ֪
һɫƵĸӣŹüУһ˿ɻ⼸Ӭǰ˳
ҪڶԷִһ֮ǰ֣Źּnְ취֪ǰĸ߲·㵯ƿȥƾ⾳Ƽˮ⼸һ˲ȫſ£ȴûмô⼸һ̫ˣؼҪ˭ڱˣ۶ӣۣܸӦ
͹Ҳӣ˵ʹҲڸȻ˭֪Է
ҲֻһƬ̣ۣЦԭǸղ̳ǰ¶֮ӣ
ʱԷڷ·ߣһĸǽڴ¿
Ϊֻ꣬Ҫ΢תһ⾳СΧڵƣȫĶĿһУ׵ڡ
û뵽Ǹ֪νļһԷȻ۰Ͱ͵ʵЦԷǵĸо
ôˣڳԷĺͻȻŹ̧ͷ󿴣ɫҲܹŹ֣ʱҲתȥ
󣬺ͿֱֱĸӣֱӾһ㶣Ҳһ˿ɻ
ҲͬʱĸӣƬ̵Ĺߵ͵ຫͣ
ŶŹһЦΪֱһ˿УһεĿ꣬ƺԲͰڰ·ͷԼˣȻµЦˣ
㾯ԲͣôԷֻһˣŮˣԼˣȥЦɵ˲ɣ޵ģһ뵽Ϊ϶ʱһ˿Ц
Сӣ֪˭ʶģǳȥ辴ƲԳԷƣҴ˼һΪ͵ضŶŹ֣Ц
˭ҪʲôľԵǵ࣬ҲûʱעŹֱ֣࣬ͻȻ˵ʱ͵һ󿴵ŵĸߴӣԷһɫʱһֱӾ΢΢ɫһӣС
ҪʲôȻұˣϵɻ󣬴ʱҲȫ˾ţֱӾվӣǽޱȵĶΪӸһ䣬ּĿ˶Ź֣ǵġ
ŹɨۺŮȴһЦ⣬˿Ѽ˷ֻοŮû£ǼԷС
ò˵ŹֵЦ⣬͵ı飬ĸΪ֮˵УȴͻȻô
٣ͦŵģЦΪӲȻŭֱӾָŶŹֵıǻһֻȭͷ
ǹڳϣʲôù˼ɵģܶŹѣƨһ£ûɽҲͷһ¶ѣ͸ϴڹҲû·
ͻȻıʣҲֱӾøʳͣ￴в˶˾
СģԷûҪ֣˿ղ˵ıвʱ󾪣æҲ


090 С
ס֣
ҲΪ򣬶ŹҲ׼֣һһ᲻صĽѵϾ﹫ڳϣôͨ˵棬ҲɱһʱһڵĶϺȣȴ͵شΪһӾ˵ע⡣
һϺȣȴǰ̫֡š١
Ϊڽţ;ͻȻü߿Щʧ󣬵˿֮ʱȫˡ
ֻվΪһС꣬ʱȴɫףһûһѪɫһ͹ǰʱҲǲĺ飬˫۸͹ɵĻԲޱȣĶŶŹ֣ǿʲôɵĹһ㣬Ӷɪɪʱˤơ
٣ô£һۿ֮Ϊȴ͵һѲһɶˣҲδ̫ˡ
ʱֹΪ꣬ҲȫĿɿڴĿ벻֪һ﾿ô¡
٣ס֣ȴ˵Ĳ죬͵ؾһ֣ѹΪ껹ڿеֱۣżͷһֽǵߣŶŹּһ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݣʵʣǲնţ
ʻͬʱĶͷ亹ȴһεµ䣬ڵذϣһ졣
ĵ£ȴƿڴӴҲΪ꣬ҲŵĻɱٵɱĴ磬ҲĴҦ骣ٵղŸóƬ˵ȵȣһ˲䣬Ͱһʮ˴ȫʺһ顣
ɱڣ˭鷳ңȻҶŹֵ鷳
ӳһţϳʾֻ͵ƬϵĺͬΨһĿ;Ŀ꣬ƺе죬ߵһ·һֱ˼һﵽ˭ô˼ţҲɱĴһȭǰ˼˶ߡ
Ź֣
Ŀ꣬ȻǶŹ֣һֱ֣Ӿˣ׹ûһƨ̱ڵϡ
Ź˭ǿǰںϳǺ绽ĺؼҶҷĺݽɫؼǰںϳǵƣֻҪ˶֪ͳСå첻˵ڹٳҲв׵˵Ҫ÷磬Ҫꡣ
һްʽڰһӵƬɢ¿ƵлֻϣȻȫǵ̺ʽ¶ؼңͱ𣡻ҷ
ʱںؼҿ£ΪΧһС죬ҲҵõһŶŹֵƬɱĵһҹмʶŹֵѪֶεС֮һ
һҹΣڣֻҪһͻ̲סΣʱǸŰ־ױȼǰںϳǺ绽ϴһģ˽ӵ²ָʾ˵ǰױ˷ֶŹֵӰǸϿȥҼʱǵһҵױ뼸ʬˡ
ҲǴһҹžֵĵ֪ǸƬϿŵӣɱ˲գ۵Ķħӹɵģױ롢־ˣǰС
ⲻ֣ŵͷƤըǣںϳϰٴ졢åʱ⹫Ϣȴ˵Щһ˾һֵɨжУڣЩǰؼҰ£֪һˣҲȫϳһͷμҵЩţһţһֱвöЩ£Ȼ
ЩϵĽͣμҵĶ׵ëˣ֮ģޱߵľֺӰǸնŵӣںϳǴɱ䣬һնɱؼϰˣȻйٷ棬ԲѣμҸƨɣ˵ʲô˵˾¶ŹֻɱǼһֻʲôűмɨж
ʱܵ㷴ҲһãʱǱŵĵѣϾƽʱֻһ۵С죬Ʋͽʲôġ
ؼҸ֮ûǰϴһϴ󣬿˭֪ϴȻ˲ۣǵǵĻ
ԺдҴǰһл䣬˶ŹһȴʲôҲ˲ˣȻǰӿȥͼǰƬвСı仯Ҫʱúܴ󣬲һʱûϳϸĹۿ˼϶ˣǸɱ˲գۣƨɵĶŹְ
һˣԭǿмı飬ֱӾֱڸȫĿע£ͨһ͹˵ϣŶŹ־ʧʹҲۣҰɣҸ
Թİ͵֣žžͳԼض⣬̶һԭףȴҲӢף˲ͱĸһȦǸѪ˿
һĻȴǿ˶׺䶥һ㣬ϲղŻѰ鷳С죬һ̾ǷʲôգŹҲǿЩĿ࣬Ѿ˼СʲôʱԼȴҲûϵܶԶԷγ˿ֲӰ


091 Ź֮
ĸʲôô£˹ֲΪȴҲŵ꣬ɱֱӾеëȻɨɨһ֮ɫƽʱҲɵư
ɱĻȴƺûֻһһ£ڵϺݺԼ⣬иǲġ
ʲôӣʱŹҲӾ˹ȿ󲿷˿񣬶˼ȹıʱʱ΢΢üȵ
ǣأԭѾһƣֱӾֹ˶һ͸Ͻ㷲һ֮Ŀ˶Ź֡
һ£ֱӾϼһ˿ǿЦŶŹֵ治ҵ£ֻǱǿдģ֪ǶǾǴңҲð
˵˵ţŹϲû̫֮ɫֻƺЩϲЩżæһת⣬ΣǺϱ̳¥ҵҦ骣ȻҦǼģ棬ֻҪһ仰̰Ǹ˵㾾
ǰӷ⾪ֺ͹Ļڴɱĳһңؼҵ£ΪʱǸźؼһ췹Եģ֪Ĳ࣬ò˵ʱЩ£淢μ´ķںؼҽ֮ǰֻʣºһ¼ҹʱųֵģ֮ǰһЩͲô֪С죬Ͷٶ͸©һЩǼµ࣬ȻЩ࣬󲿷˲֪˵ǣɱͶһЩҥ
ȻǰɱЩҥͨЩŰɣϾҪһնɱ˺󣬻ƨɣЩؼҵĴǣרʵڡ
ڣںؼ°µȴ
ǶŹ֣Ҵ˼һ飬ɱҲױɫԭһߴӣҲʼ˾ҵĲֻһ˲䣬һĶͷҲ亹
ϻϳѵеڶɱأȶŹֱʾ׵ȴֱЦһƬǰϴӵĳҪļˣҲǶŹֵġ
ɱһֱëˣؼҵԽǶԶŹֵη壬ҲԽ֤ˣЩҥʵȡЩȫģ˵
һ뵽ɱҲ˫һͨһڵأֱӾͻɤӿ޺治֪治֪Ǹ˵Ҫ
һԴ̣ɱڿͬʱҲ͵һ֣Լվͺݺȥ
죬ȻЩĻҲûôЩҥԭһɱȫ˵ԣʱҲȫήˣ²֪ΣҲ˹һǵ˷ǲˣҶԷֶο϶ΪˣȻɱҲǳģϲŧ֮ȫһ飬ɥȫ˲ӸҲ˶¡
͹ڣһƬţ˭ҲûϵԭڵļС죬ڸһ˵˾޴̬ȱ仯
֣⵽ô£УɵĿֿǰ̬Ⱦޱļӣ͵ؿŹ֣һ۵ɻͲ⡣
ƺһ̣ĵӣȻһʵģС
ŹЩŹֵĳЦЦһ֣΢΢üĶŹڵϵɱȥ
⻰أЩŭ֮⣬ɱУȴֱ֮Ӿ͵شӵϴ͵ظӣһЦǣͳȥϳȥ
ֹɱҲȫǼЦһһСĵĹӺˣܿ˳С͹ݡ
ȴ󣬲͹ڲ»ָֻһʱ䣬͹ڵȴѹ֡ʳͣԼ͹ڵϰȣȫɨŹ֣УȫǼɣڷӵݣΪʲôֻһ֣⼸ͷ˾֡
Ź΢΢εҡͷ΢ЦŶԺٸ㣬ڻȳԷɣǲŸոճء
ðɡգգ۾Ȼĵº֪ô£˳ӵĵ˵ͷ
ںʱһСȴųOͣɵɵĶŶŹ֣Щ֪ζֱŹЦſһۣ͵һ飬ͷŹֵעӣɫǶһ£Ҳûǰ⡣
ٷôǽĳȥԼһʮӺ󣬴ȥ뿪󣬲һ߳ݣȴͻȻǰһ
ȻŹ֪ˣͺȴһˡ
͹⣬·ߣһֵӰİżͷվꡣֵļһ˭
⣬ĸӣɢΧңһ˳һɡȴ
Ϊ׵ģһʮңĲߣȴ׳ʵӣڼŹּ߳̾ͶһЦݣСӭЦðŵҸϣ˴
͸ƣŹȴ֪һУ֪ǸҦ骣ŹɱˣǴôһ˼ϾһͨˣڵȻ־ͿȡЩ̫ͷˣЩͷ˻ˣαȽơ
ξˡŹͷһӾҦ˶þϲֻչ¶ЦݣȴͻȻ;ǱһԵ磬͵קһ޵׵ԨڶܵҪϢȻоֻһ˲䣬͵ش޵Ԩʱ˻˲ͱ亹ʪˡ
󣬿ŹЦЦı飬ʱһ飬Ĳ亹֪ˡ
һ̣ҦֱӾͶݺݵתӣ˿İ˵һС꣬ȻҪĶŹ֣
ˣҲô
ԹޱȵĿ⣬һֱС갴żͷȴ͵شһ£һٴαòҰ˼֣һΣߵˣҦ骵ĹϵֻǶԷмǮӶѣһķǻǡ


092 
⵽ô££ź˹㳡Ҳ̲סµɻ󣬶ŶŹ־׷ЩЩΪʲôô㣿
ҲȷɱˣȻͷûбע졢åЩ˵ΪһӾͱ¶䱾ʣˣôԶŹη壿
ĵ£ȴһֱΪŹֻһһͨũ߳ѡ
ʵ£µĲңһѡŹЦЦʾ߱˵Ȼ̤Ų󣬲ŵǰʶһйֵѣΰӳܵľЩһղǼ졭
ϣŹҲܸߺ࣬Ͷ׫˽ڣ󣬾ںɫ͵иͷʱŹֲͻȻһתԭͣ£ֱֱźЩ£Ҫ뿪ϳһӡ
ԭŹһصӣΪҪ˵Щ˼µĻ»͵ؽһ£Ǵһ˿ڴϲȴû뵽˵ݾȻ뿪΢΢һ£ɫ˲ͱЩѿ͵ؾ͵ͷ
ҡŹʵҲܲãϾǰŮӣʮһĶŮˣҲЩ֪ü˵ʲôʱȴͻȻķļͷᶶʱһֱӰɡͷһ˫־Ͱ˺
һԭϣʱȻЩ滨꣬žӨ飬Ҳ˴ۿơ
ްޡŹһӾͻֽţȥǼˮҲĵ
ȴ룬ԽãᷴԽһͷ鴤ķҲԽԽֻƬ̣ԭϸۿ˷ơ
㡭㾿ҵʲôˣĿУҲ̲סµԹߣֱӾͶŶŹֵҶ㡭㡭˵߾ߣΪֺŮô
ǣǡŹּæͣһİֻʱ뿪һӡ
㾿ҵʲôˣ߾ߣͻһ֪ôģ·ŭʢ
Ұ㵱ŵġһһ²ŶԷķӵˮŹּǱܵľѿڶϾһĶŮӣҪ˵ǰûһ˿룬ǾǼٵģֻһֱԲѹЩͷ
仰ѿڶ󣬺ȴ͵⵽׺䶥һ㣬ͻһ¾סһ˫۾ҲȵûԲޱȣĶŶŹ֣˵ʲô
ҵǡŹٴظʱ͵򣬸ղƺ˵˲˵ĻΪ鼱Ȼĵصͷ˳
¶ŹЩǣʱûظղŵĻǺǺݺݵİ˶Źһۣԭίϣڵһ¾ͱûϲյ΢΢תƿ񣬿бУ˭Ҫˡ
ĵ£ȴǿĵļֱɶľͷԼˣȻƺЩ࣬ĶҸζġ
Уѵֻ˵һҪţҾʹӦôҲ̫ˣߡ
ǻľϲУȴͻȻּԼöԷ̫׵֣˭ǰһֱʲô˵˼롣
΢΢˼һ£ֱ̾Ҳֻһ˲䣬ǿֱһȵڣʵ̫ˣû취ƺԼ
Ź֣һ̣ҲЩˣźգ˫Ȼ΢΢Щ죬Ʋһ࣬ûп˫ۣԼԷ۵׸޷εľϲȴƫƫҪѹƣһ˿ǣǿıŭ֮⣬һ˲ķ飬ͻȻеһڸ
ͺȻǣʣȴϢģһȥȻĶԽԽʱŽߣĵɢϸ˵Ḷ́˫ּ䣬̵˺촽һջķȣῪϡ
ŮѶûӦأߡȴûע⵽Źֵϸ΢仯ӶǿԼϿ侲ҪװӦǸļһҲżżöԼ˵Ǿô
Ź΢΢죬ƺʲôҲƺʲôҲûͻȻһаֱӾһݺݵͷῪϵӣϷȥ

ͻȻ䣬̵촽סͣһе˼ȫ׷ɲӶֱһ˫۾ǵɵԲԲģ͵ؾȥ
Źȴֻ̰ľͷ˳ŶԷῪϵ촽϶˽ȥһ»͸ееĽ͵һų̱ȥ
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ֱое˺Щ΢ֽʼʱŹ͵ɿһֱһĴ̧࣬ͷ󣬾ͼ˶ûһ˿һ㣬ڴڵĴ
ڴϢƬ̧̣ͷŭѵɨŹ֣Լĳǣôûˡ
ղŵζһղŵ£ͻȻ۵ͷڴһ£һֱû
ȴ֪⸱ǶôˣһӾְѶŹָոѹȥ𣬲ٴòŹֻǿѹµĳ嶯§Ķһ
϶һ˿Եζ֮ȴֻǻϲã˳ӵĵ˵ͷŵܶ೤ʱ䣬Ҷ㡣
ԭΪҪ뿪ĺʧ䣬һ̣ҲѾΪ˹ϵͻϲö


093 Ʒ
ʦ
ʱ䣬һζηϼңϼҪΪɣ˸ĸҪϢ󣬶Źڼ˸ĸ죬Ÿϳǡ
ٴηիhСݣŹɼԭѡҹɫĻʱիhʹ˺ϳǽ⡣
ͷϿһƬڵҹĻŹȴǰֹڽڣ˵û㹻ΪӦڵ֪ǰƬҲûá
ڵΪȻŹӵתȴҲڶʱڽڣԾͷ֪ھƬһλá
˴ϴիhĵطŹҲֻԼǵã׸߿֮϶ѣʱߵļûϸ⣬֪ھ
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իh˵ͷһƬ䣬ҲŹ֣ҪҶ
⻰Ź־͸еһ޵Ĳ͵һᣬһε͸Բһ㣬Ʈɡ
ҹɫȴ˿ӰŹֵߣܿȶ񣬴ҴڸѰҿǵʼԼڿյľ룬˶ٶ׺󣬶ŹֲŷԼ͵ͣɻիhʲôڽŻʱֻԷƾնһơ
͵رһҫ۵ľ⣬ܱζͻȻˮһֻһ˿˿ŹֱӾ͸еһҡΣȻޱȣͻȻˮһ
ǿ֮һƣŹһûϵ˼򵥣˵ԺؼҿֻҪһƣͿʱô
ͷŹֻеǰһڣܱ߾һɹŹֵקҪʲôطƵء
ôǹҡҰ˺һӣŹֲŸеܱһеʧӰ٣Ҳͬʱһڿ룬ֱӾ͸еһݣһޱȳУֱӾ𣬾ļȵĻ£͵سһˮһ㣬͸ĳ죬ֳ죬ֱöŹָе˼飬ôҲ벻ֻһܴ˵ĳ֮⡣
Ҳûʱϸϸ飬ΪһԵիhֱӾֲٿԪǰȥ
ŹּæܣȴڵأǸ߿֮ϣµأȴһƬͰĴдɽ룬˺󷽣ɽľͷһƬɵİɫ
ѵЩɫڣͨԺһͷŹּæȥܵһУիhĴ죬ҲԽԽ죬ֱ·ɽԽԽߣҲԽԽվСʱ󣬶Źֲһֻɫĸɽ֮ϼ䣬һƬĽ
ЩȫɽС߻ͣ¿ԷΪĸΣϡƲ㣬Χܣȥ翣ƻþ
ƷɣɽȻǺֻɫŹһǰիh˵ǻƷˡ
ҲȻիhֱӾʹɽĽȺȥֻƬ̣͵ִĲ㽨Ⱥһ㣬ȻͣһԺڡ
ҲͬʱԺڵĴڣֱӾͷɳӰ
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һһŮӰڿիh˺ȫ¶Ц⣬˾ͬʱ˶Ź֣иһ˿졣
hʦ㣬ôȥ˷׽磿˵ŮӣɨŹһۺְͣիhϣֱӾͿڷʡ
ʦ֣۬ʦáիhǳ˵ͷʾ⣬ָָŹֵСյĵӡ
ŶӣǻƷɵţԶһΪҲﵽڣիhĻ֮Զɫʱһϲիhǰ뿪Ʒɣȴȥ׽Ѱ´ӵģôڣѵ츳ѣҪȻիhΪΡ
ȥԶ̷һ˶Źֻ֣Ҳֻһ˲䣬ԭ΢ϲɫʱһŹֵҲ˹Ź֡
ƺǲ³˶ԷʲôիhҲһ˿ΣŶԶŹֵμʦ
ӶŹ֣μʦŹ΢΢Զ˹֣һ£ԶȥЩһ߶೤룬һɫۣݼ㣬ֵȴǾ45.70
իhһֵöŹ΢΢һ£ϣȴû¶˿ߡ
ԶͷлһƬ죬ĵ£ȴ΢΢ֹôիhѡһ츳˲ĵӡ
۬ʦ塣իhٴһָŮӡ
μ۬ʦ塣ŹٴŮһȥֻжʮҵŮӣ̶ȣ˿իhȴ˿իh֮⣬һֱϹ΢Цһ˫۾͸һͨ͸ϪˮֵǾ20.30
ǺǣȻǫhĵӣʦģҲ׽һֱ۬һЦƾնһת˵߳Źֵƽȥɡ
Źһ㶣ûϵʦ˴󷽣ȻûԪ⽣ʲôĶֻҲܿһѵõı
͸ģ¡իhŹַ㶣ͻȻڵ
ǡŹǰ۬нӹл۬ʦ塣
իhٴοڣŶŹֵһ䣬ųԶʦ֣Ҫ
õġԶͷתȥ۬ʱֱիhֱۣһĵh㣬ôȥ˷׽磿һӣô£
ٸ㡣իhҲ¶һ˿ǳЦ˴
Ҳֱ˽ŹŻֱͦһƬ˸Ʒɣֻλڸ֣ѵֻڽڵһɣ
룬ŹֱӾͱۣתƿռ䣬ΪԲģǧװ뾶ΧڵһȦȫǰ
ǰԶիh˵Ȧ״໥һ׾뾲֮ڣκȦ󣬶Źֵ˼ά壬һӾͱЩ
ֻΪԲһ֮⣬ȻŴȦǣЩȦȻȫεɫоȻмһ֣ɫɫɫɫȵȡ
ô£Źֳ׾ˣЩɫȦ𺳣Զȸղ45.7ֵҪöࡣ
ֻΪӻܵڣ࣬Щֻ࣬ҪǱתֵôߡ˻ߵȵȣ˵Ȧȫεɫիhȶ⣬ڣȻ˶ɫʵȦ


094 ͼ츳
Ķǲ죬ŹȻ̹ȥһ£ЩɫȦʲôɱϾֻǳƷɣұֵ̫Ժִܿתƿռ˳Ȼ󾲾ȴ
ȴУŹͻȻڵλʦʦʦ̸ʲôȥʱŷʲôҲƺڴڣһ㱡޵ĲǸȫĸ
֮£Źֻܸɵȣ˽һСʱŸеǹɲ͵ɢһƽիhŴ߳ŶŹֵ
ǣʦŹͷβիhǰߣԽͥԺھղͥԺԼ֮һԺǰͣ£իhֿ֮˲żߡ
ñµԺ䣬ִԺիhһϵȻִҪѡһ;Ҿʹ֮
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ڴ֮ǰȸ㽲һ£ǻƷɵĹأڣ˹ΪĴңʦ۬ʦһӣϣµĵӣǶӣסڶԺһ㵽֮ĵӣΪӣסԺʣµģΪڵģĴӣסԺ
իhһ¶Ź֣żиսڵģĴ𣬵ΪﵽڣͻΪӣô
סŹֵͷ
ǺãھʹķիhҲͷȴһ˿Ĺâƾ츳ʲôʱܽڣ꣬ʮꣿ
ܿ죬իhѹе˼ˣȻⶼԼѡǾɣԼţһɵĻҲǱľ֮ԺģȫԼˡ
Ϳʼ˻Ʒɵ
˻ѧϰߵŹļΪ棬իhĽҲˣ˵ô¡
һˣ֮ϣһʿЩؼתγԪииĲԪĲϻߵĲ
Źֻɻʲôû뵽իhȻֱ׵ĸִ˵ͣЩʵÿһҪѨλ
Ȼ򣬲իhٴν˵ŹֵɫڱѿҲףΪʲôիhһֱѡһ;
ʿٶȿܵΪҪӰ죬һڷ׽磬ڽҪϡʮϣôЧʣҲʮֹһȻ˶108ԺؼͨΪõģֻ
ÿһ͹̶ģеˣֻеˣһʮʮ߰ʮ츳ͨ£ֵʮģһֱϣܴﵽ㣬ЩˣǲʺġڣҲˣӵʮʮҲǰһ츳ˣҲֻǿϸ񣬶ʮϣڽڵɣѡӵͱ׼츳ȻرǿȴҲرʼΪ׿ԽߣҪึıŬͿԸϣǡ
իh˵ֻǺܹŹֵĶŶŹֱ֣öŹһë
ǣʦмŹ΢΢鴤һǣʮµģܿﲻ㣿իhһֱԼѡɣ
իhǳƽĽһ֡
ˡŹһǲСЩӵжʮ˱˵һõԪҪʮܸ꣬ϣֲðֲãѾ׼֪ԼܵʮȴҲûϵȻֻ
ûתܣֻһЩͻֱ١
ϾիhҲ˵ˣڽڵߣͶӵжʮģ߰ʮĶУЩˣһ꣬ͱȵʮ갡ڴﵽǰһмʮꣿ
ʵҲû⡣Źɫܲիh˺ÿüǣҲòǰô䵭һ˿ο֮˵108֮УһΪֻҪӵһЧʣ͵ͨʿ108鸮ȫ֮УС
˵˵ţիhҲ˵ȥˣһ˵ȷʵӵиߣ˵һˣǾǰʮһһһ飬Ҳδһ
իhһ»ָǰı䣬ŶŹֵˣҾʹ
իhָʾŹѧвĵطȥѯʣ˺ðʱ䣬һֺ״̬ʱͻȻоԼλã΢΢
һλͷߵĽ㴦һλڶĴ紦
ȻֻŹһͿƺƵʣٿཻͨӡ
͸е泩⿪ʼڣ˳ڵصߣ¸λãȻʧ
öŹֲǣյǹȻһͷǴնȻǶǴһҪࡣ
ˡҲʱիhĻٴδȶŹִ״̬оʱٴƽĶŶŹֵڵǲͣиڵλãֻеͻڣиŻ֣ողŵ״̬һֱȥܻиֵһա
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סʱֱӺΧӣмòҪ˿ڵȻЧʾͻۿۡŹЩճյĶիhһգֱӾ͵ذĵ
ŹŻֱӺӣҪ˿ڵڶڶĴ紦˵Ժﶼڵ
ֲիhղŻ֣϶֪ԼǸλã뵽ŹҲ΢΢ЩȣҲֻһ˲䣬ԺͻȻһͷʦжٸֶʲôλãڣô˵ȫҲʮɣʱڵ
ʿŮ޵Ļǣһ뵽ŹֵľͿիhɨӣò˵ڻǴִװիhȻֻһңȴǸոպõ֣Ȳ֣Ҳݣ޳ȣڽţп£ԽԵ޳ԸУ̵ͦβϣм˿ֱĺڷڣԽȻĶ
ʲôիhڼŹֵĿȴ˲ٴ΢͵ص⣬ȻѾŹȥԺϯԺ
ǣʦŹһ΢΢βѵȥ


095 
ԺƷɣ·ɽŴһƬཨȺ
۬͸Ƿݼ񣬶Źֺܿſõɽ·ִɽ£һƬȺҲӴֻʮԺ䣬һɽĵͻ¶ȶ
룬һƽĵ·ᴩ
һ·߹Ź־һӰûпҲȻˣЩĴӣӦö󣬵ԺǰʱŽرյԺţŹصš
󣬶Ź־Ժڴһ΢죬˺üӣԺŲ͵شڶһԼʮңİ֣ྐྵǼΪɰĻʹ˳
ǰĶŹʱһ˿֮ɫּæŹɨ˼󣬲ЩֵĿڵŵĵӣ
ʮҵףͣڣȻҲǴ߽ûãԴһִװĶŹ֣ù졣
ǵġŹֵͷۿ°ֵ10ҲʱȻӦþԺϯˣԷֻһ̤ˡ
֡ʦôû֪ͨңɻ󣬲Ӿ͵һ٣Ҳ¶һ˿ڨڨ֮ɫܿתΪõЦ⣬ԭʦĵӣҾԺϯ＾ʦ־С
껰֮＾ٴЦɣղһ
իhŹ΢΢˼һ£Ͳ³˶Է̬ȱ仯ɣҲ͸＾ĲԺ䣬˴ڡ
＾ЦŶԶŹֵʦڹŹ˰ɣ
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ԶԣڣûǷǳģǰţǻƷɲóҩ֮࣬ڷϣҲƣŵĵӣһȡᣬ٣ݸǱӵжʮߣԻһöӵʮߣԻöԴơһλᣬԺôҪﵽ۷壬лٴλãõĵʱȣŵ۷壬ʱԽ̣ͿԻø㾡ͻƣڣأҲΪ˼Ŭõġ
֮＾һЦŶŹֵʦܣô
סŹ׹ף͵ش˸ͻĵһηţȻݸӵеǡ
ǺãҾͼһֵø＾΢ЦֱӾͷ˶ŹȫҲֻ˲＾Цݣ͵ؾͽϣ͵صԲ飬һҲȣǲ˼ָŶŹ֣㡭㡭ܣ
ŹֿЦһǸùûָˡҲֻһ˲䣬Źֲ͵ɫ䣬ֻΪŻղ＾ڵ˼＾˵ڵͨʿҪչʮ׷ΧͨҪһҵʱ䣬իhȴ˵ڽڸɵͽ׼Ҫӵжʮϵ
˵ֻˣ۷壬Ҫʮꣿ
ֻҪľֵܴﵽһͿתƣԿתƣǡﵽһȻҪʮꣿ
ǣ޹ңʮҲʮˣвСǣأԭڴիhڽʱѾ뵽Լ츳УҪʱܴﵽ۷壬Ҳûʱ޾ȻҪʮꣿ
ʮ꣬ҲһֱȥһöܱȵʮµĿޣڶö¡ΣһҪô
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٣ôܣֻⱲӣҪͻƵһ㶼ѣʦôһӣ＾Ծһ˼飬ŹֵҲһ˿
ǰͨҪһﵽ۷壬ǰˣȴҪʮңͨӣ۷ڲֱۻ㹻ǿͻƽڣҪʱ䣬ȴһ껹Ҫö࣬ձ鶼Ҫʱ䣬˵ǰһҪʮңܽһ㣿ǾڣԺĳɾҲ
⻹Ũڽڣڷ׽磬ǾֱͻƲˣ
һЩ֮＾Ȼƽȵ̬ԴŹˣԴӵ֪ԼϣɣΪֻּԷƸ꣬ݵأҲüһ＾һ˿Ϊȷ˸˲ֹһΣǰΪիhĴŹĵӣ＾ҲֻǵײԺϯӣֲĴϯڶԴͬʱڰѰйϾЩˣ츳õģֻҪ꣬¾ܴﵽһΪȻư
ǶŹȴ츳ֱǸ


096 ＾
ԷΪӺͻɵĻŹ΢΢üȴҲ˷̫ഽֻ࣬ǵʦ֣ǲǿȡٹȵˣ
ٹȵԡ＾һ㶣һ˿мҲ΢΢֣ͼԭһĴͻȻһɫСƿ
ʮıٹȵ͡
ŹҲ˵ֻǽӹСƿʵԺ
ҲʱտĴڣͻȻһӲٳ＾һö
ʦһ⻰＾ɫʱһ䣬ٴλָǰͰǼæһóһԿŨīĴƿ＾СĵĽҿƿƿʱһΪ֮һˬֱӾʹƿз
лʦŹҲæϷлһ¡
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ҲƬ̹＾ҲƿеһīɫСĵҩǲʵĿ˶ŹһְۣǿɵҩŹ֡
ŹŹֵɨ＾еĺƿһۣһƿҪҪիh֪ûڹעŹѹͷǿŵҩץģ＾ʦ֣ڿԴҷסô
Ȼԡ＾ббƳ˶ŹһۣȴһƬͶʼɣСӣҲ֪ʲôʺˣֻ츳ٲɾ⣬ȻիhΪ˻Ʒɵӣһǿֱ˷ѣɲΣڵիhԿ˵Ҳ˿ΥˣʲôСĻֻƵĵ߰ɡ
󣬶Ź־͸＾һԺ䷿ᣬ˵Ž߽ǵһСԺǰ
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ٴδţ䣬ֻһľһľһһŹŲ˲ľͰƿٹȵöԼ۬͵Ǳȫϡ
ڵʱñٹȵǾͿʼɡ
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ĵڶλҲʵ̫ˡ·ߣĴ紦λáһ磬ףλüСͬ־ģ뱣һڿ㶼У
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һ泩壬һиصλãŹȻо˿仯иڵأȴԽԽůˣĴԣҲһ˿泩֮⣬ԽԽѡ
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һʿȫͬĸԴһʼիhԶԼղŵ＾ȫ̽Źֵ壬ȴûһ˷ڳӯھԶǿǡ
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ʱ䣬ڲͣУһζ
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ˣҹͣ£ŹȴʶûмڽڵߣǲҹͣԶŹҹٵЩ˿ʮ죬¾һֻӵжʮߣҲѼʶԼһʮˡ
츳١·󣬶Ź΢΢ҡҡͷ̤ߡ
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ʯ·ŹֱֱԺãһ·ϣǿ˲ˣ˵Ǻһʿ
ЩʿŮʹԼʮϣʮ£ϣȴ߰㣬в˴ģǶڵзΣҲвٴǻɫ۷ʱУеЦ
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ȷЩ꣬Ȼѡ׷·ȴҲ˭ֱһԿտԺ䣬ղ˵޵ġ
ÿʮһȡűٹȵҲЩӷһ£໥Ƶʱ̡һգֱ˵ҩͻȥ
Ҳ£＾ܿͷŵ˶β
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λʦôǺǣʱ䣬϶Ѿʶˣʦⲻ֪ô＾ĻվڶŹǰǸֱ꣬Ӿתӣ＾Ц
Ǻǣǿδأʦܣ㲻֪λʦܣеġ＾ͻȻһЦ
ףô⣿ʦٴηʡ
ʦܣҪ֪ʦʲôͬ̽һ֪ˣ٣벻＾ְеıٹȵǲŹ֡
ʦ츳ܸôʦˣȴҲûôֻЦŹ֣ȴҲֵĺܣŹ츳ܸߣ＾Ϊʲôûмʶ츳һ㣬＾ҲⰡڻƷͽͱ׼ֻжʮĵӣҲͼʶˡ
＾ЦʦܵʣŹֱӾüͷƿٹȵǲ
＾뵱һβ֪


097 һ˯
ô᲻㣿＾ȷҵӣϾһգѵôҾһ£ǾôȥҲ̫ȤˣЦǰһѱٹȵŹֵУ＾ȴֱӾִЦǺǣʦܣαôţֻǹһѣϾƷɣֻһˣֻΪĴϯӣҹһµȣѵô
ʲôôܣ＾һ仰΢΢θ࣬Ȼʦ˸һ⣬Ҳʦ͵صԲ飬ǲ˼Ŀ˶Ź֡
ֱӾͷ˶Ź֡
һ̣Źȴɫ΢ɱ䣬ڴ＾⣬ûбҪʱַɽϿɻǿأȻǿߣҲû֮ؼիh۬Щʦʦ壬
찡ȻֻôܣʦʦôͨţҲֻ˲䣬ʦܵڶŹⶵһȦͼΪ𾪵Ľе
ʲôܰɣǲǵڷôھҪʮꣿ
ǰ̫ˣгɣ

˾ȵĻĴҲȫһ￴ֻԭضһ£˵߾ȫע⵽˶Źϡ
ĿиǰɻͺɣͬʱвˣֱӾͿŹֶȥ
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һֱҹʱ֣Ź͵ֹͣͽתƿռ䣬ɲ֮󣬸ʮеȦȫǰ
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⣬һΪ׳۵ľʮŮԺˡ̱ڵϡϡߣ治ٻĸֵŮ͸ֽ¹⣬ҫһ߾߻Ľ֮ϣɢһ˵ĹʱʲôɫǱһϲ񣬵չɣԱŶҲֻܰװױ¹⡭
˸Сʱ󣬶ŹֵıԺڣһ泩ŹҲ˯˹һʱ䣬Ź־ȥ̽ǰֵͷԼֵѾɱ20.3
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ڣʮСʱСʱޱܣСʱ˯ȻûмʶֵȴֱӴ20.1ͻƵ21.1
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һֱȥȻԼʵҲܵõܴߣֻδⲻɻ󡣡ϸ˼һ£Ź־ת＾ֵ飬бҪʱһˣϾﲻͬѰһдׯԲʮ֮ڣļֱǧЩĿ꣬˯һȻͿԸĿ꣬Ҳʲôɻ
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˵תֵ飬ʱڲŻĸ㣬˷ѱʱ䣬Ͼ֪ԼԪϣʵ̫ˡ
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099 ٷְҩЧ
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ſϲĸоԺҲԽԽңһ˲䣬ƺоЩԭȶиҲͻȻࡣ
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⵽УЩֱָֽŶҪ㡢ݡ
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ʶͣһᣬŹ͵ֻصʵУЩ⣬ôԣЩԭʶڿָӵ޷һһ
ֻмʶ󣬲ܰЩֹͣĿƣŹŻȻ˷ڵŷ
ʱǷϣڷһСͨɫɢһĪҩ衣

ÿߣһηһ׷Χ
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⣬ʿǾ˵ҩʧҩЧһˣһŵҩ޷ҩҩЧȫӣԷڣὥӴֻջ۵𽥰Щҩһ
УʧĶЩǳĸ࣬͸ݸ˵ˡԽ࣬ʧҲԽ࣬Ҳһƽ⣬߶ߣƽʱٶȿ죬ôյҩܻõͻЩ
ЩҲʿȺУγһ޷ܵʵ˭Ҳû뵽ĻӲסҩЧʱǾ޴ʹȫϣȫգ

ŹһתڵҲԽԽ٣Ź͵һȻԭһԾ͵ʶڵɢ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬㲻ǿȴָӵֱӾʹʶڼ˷Բ׷Χ
ףô׵ķΧһֻʿչһôҲֻһ˲䣬ŹֱӾ΢΢


100 ֮ϲ
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⣬ΪܣӵһǾǵֵʧʱʲôҩֵܼٶȣֹʧٶȣֻҪ֪ʲôֵʧĶҩݣҲһƬҩ԰Уٶҵҩ
ȷЩжԶĵ׵ġԭȽ壬ܻΪһֲҩжԭжĻôڷһжҩݣҲֶԳкͣЩ֪ʶ֪ġֻҪʱ䣬ҲҵӦ֮
֮⣬öŹֳµؾĵģڴ⣬ϡϡϸꡣ
֮⾳Ƕƿأ⾳ߣʱתΧϢֲһ統ոնʱԭѾشָ̧˲Χڵ׿
⾳꣬ѾԷӵЧŹִʱǲˣ𺦣
Щ֮⾵޷׿ҲԴȵĽֵʧٶȣʧˣʱҲ͸ˡ
һ˼˺ð죬ֱҩΣԼĵȫһ󣬶ŹͻȻһźĹâ
΢΢һΣͻϸ꣬ʧҹĻС
һ̣ʱѾִԺҩ԰ڡ
꣬ȻޱȵĸһƬؼ䣬Źٴνתƿռ䣬̽Ŀ꣬һ飬ѣܿҵĿꡣ
ۣŹֱӾһӣһʮ׸ߣСָͷϸչ֦Ҷϸҩԡ
òݵֵ0.30
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˼һ󣬶Źҩݴдٿˮˢһ飬󣬾ʧԭء
ԼӺԶƷʮһɽء
תƿռ䣬ڷԲʮûзκйֵȦ͵ط֮⾳ٿΧˮеĴ֮ȫÿһ缡ûӯֱ̧֣ӾͰǿҩ
һ׽ҩ¶ԺһɻУֱӾʹӸҲͬʱһӴҲǰһֱӿʼŰ
ȵϯסΧÿһߣӿ֮ʣŹҲ̸еĿһۣһɻɵϢ˳อͳϮȥ
Ҳֻ˲䣬ǰһڣԭ21.1ֵ˲ͿʼԾ2120.9
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Źִ󾪣æٿΧڵ֮ӵӿಿλô֮ʼϴˢǹϢڵࡣ
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һʱԭǿòҩڵȻѾ˸ɾ
ΡŹ΢΢һ£ô죿ֱԲҩǱȳԵҩĵʱ䣬Ҫ̵̫ˡ
󣬶Źּæͷ鿴Լֵ0.420.8
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΢΢һüͷŹֱӾͷ󣬲͵һϲȻľֵû˿ı䣬ķΧȴǺԵ˼ף
ЧһֻףʮҩݣһˣһٶãǾʮףƷɣԺԺҩ԰ڣӵеĲҩֹꣿǧ꣡


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ȻϲŹֲûֱٱƷԺҩ԰ǲٿΧеȥ
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ֲãЩʿҪƳҩȥã٣˲˷ѣƷôҩݣҲֻѡЧԡ
ܿ죬£Źֵֵָֻ21.1˳ƣɽƮȥ
һξ֮ܿ׼µĿ꣬һΣһγʮ꾫ֵ0.30.5֮䣬ֵֻ𺦵ҩݡ
һУٴԶݣһεľ֮һҩݵķãӴһһˢÿһϵͳ
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Ѿ˰СʱˣⳡʲôʱֹͣҲ˵׼ֻܾӿٶˡ
ٴηʮ֮󣬶Źֶ˵ֱӾֿʼԲҩ
ôֹСʱһҩ¶ǣ֮⾳ҩݵĶԣȶϣȶŹȥ̽Լֵʱʱ;ϲķֵֵ֣Ȼͣһֵϣ
һϣԭҪ޲ܴﵽĳ̶ȣֻһ϶ҾȻˣ
ɶֹĿϲֱӾվԭЦ
˵Ȼ磬ŽֲЧˣǺѺ
Ͼ˭һܹ֪ǿҩݶķкȻѡǿʢĲ֣ȥҩĶԣ⾳ӳ֣Դؼý
⣬Ļˣ²ͱЩҩеԣˣ
ô˵ڵڽڽһºڰѾֵһ
ֵͨʿֻһˣԶŹ˵ȴǳش
ǿסϲŹٴνƣϢǱԺԼԺ䣬ҲһֱڰæһСĸСʱȻ
ĻصԺкһݣŹֱӾ±ʪתƿռ䣬ʼ˼ҪҪתƱ˵ľֵȻͻƵڡ
Ȼһֱĳһ˻˯ѣ˵ע⣬ֻоֻôˡˣһ＾ǼѾͱȥˣȴԶͷһͨʮˮۻڼתֵҲҼԶˣֻҪԼ˵һԶԺգȴһڿ϶ôˣٺ١
˼󣬶ŹֱӵЦһ˳תƿռ䣬Ȼƣ̽һ＾ڵλãֽתƿռ䣬ס˶ԷȦ
תѾ
һĵŹֻǰһͽһռ䡣
ҲͬʱԺϯӵݵ＾ʱҲͻȻ͸оԴһΣǹǿޱȵ˯оٴϮ
գôˣҲֻһ˲䣬＾ɫͱóײҰҲй෴Ӧǹɾҵ˯УֱӾһᣬ̱ȥ
һ棬ŹȴĴܣ⣬һŹֵĿռ䣬ֻһѣܵУȫǿվޣֻͷϷһʮ׿ĺڶ

һǿķԺڶ͵رһֲǴŹֵӣֱӾͳŶڷȥ
৵һ춯ŹˣֱӾͱǺڶ˽ȥ
һʱȻѾص硣
ô£תƣмޱܣǸŹֵĺڶ
¶ľ͵תƿռ䣬ŹԺ˲ðһʺţϸ˼һԺвһ˿
תֵʱһ˵йأǸޱܣÿζҪеݽߺھֵתƣԺû˿ϵǸڶԶ˶ٶ౶ܣûܡӦɣڵľֵﵽ1ҲֻһЩãѵ赲Ǻڶ
˼֮󣬶Ź־ٴνתƿռ䣬һν֮û˿ͣ٣ֱӾͰʶеɢ˳
ʵҲȻϣӶΧ֮ǺڶҲˣֻȴۿɼٶţǣЩǹʳĹУŹָֺܵĸоļµ
ǺڶʳٶĲԭ̽ʶԺ󣬿Ըܱʮ׷ΧʱֻǱס壬ֳһҵĺȣֻǼӣһ׺˼׵ơ
ȥӦҲǼӣܰҵ꣡ƶϳ󣬶ŹֵתƵǹܸУͷǺڶȻҲֻǼ֮ʶھҲûʹá
ҲֱҪľʱŹֲֲ˲ֺܵĸоһӾ౶ǿҵҪֱȥѣġҪŻµȵȸֱֱҪĴԡ
סˣϾ֪ݽߵĸãǰԿãҲûá
ǿӲŸܸУ˰ֶӣֶӣڶŹֶԣȴǰһһûܼȥô޿κεıָоĥݽߣź޵ֿ֮ıǺڶ˽ȥ
ٴλصʵʱеܣҲͬһʱɢƺҲ׳һݡ
תֵЩޱƶϣÿһµתƣݽʱֻܼһ룬תһ·Σ⾫תƣӦþʱ䣡
Ѳǵһ֪Ĳ񣬶ŹҲܿƶ˾תƵһУƶֿ֮ʼתơ
ͬʱǷһ˿ЦģһȥҪȼޱܸЩϾǸתƣÿһ붼Ҫ߾ȫܣǾԵģǰֻҪסЩܸоˣԶ׵Ķ࣬ǣٽݽǰָоҪģԶԶҪصĶ࡭
ɲΣǺܿͰںֽ̬תƿռ䡣
ΣΣĴΡͼޱƵ״ÿһݽߣתƿռͻ׳һֱ֣Сʱһ˿ĺľ˲ֻûбڶȥһӾӭһǰδе泩С
ָоȴҲȼޱܺĿиǿҵĶ࣬ʶԽԽģŹһȻһתƣǳɹˡ
ֻǲ֪һ˯ѺܲͻƵڣ
ô۷ƺиƿͻƣٺ٣ǸʦӦûΪҪʮͻأֻһ£ʱıһܸЦһ˿ͷŹֳ˳˯С


103 ͵
һˣӦ֪˰ɣƷһԺڣիhƣһ֣оͶһ׸ɾҴҰѰ͹µĽںɫĳ£իhһ֣˲ܱߵķ
һˣǸȹһҪ׼ٻȴƫҪĶŹ֣իhϾһ˿ŹֵЦ⣬ˣǾǿء
츳ˣӵ˼ᶨ˵պҲܳɾʹȴֻûǾʮ꣬Ҳδܽڣһֱײʺô
κѣǸһȴʶȤիhţԼȥһ޵ϣ֪Ѷˡ
ҲǱͷիhſŲʣ˽֮󣬾ͲٳʵҪ˿һöͲӦô͸ϾڵĹֻӵжʮߣܻȡ
ϴ˵ŵӶٻһöȫǸڰˣҪ֪ǰɵĵӣһڶʮģ
һˣӦüʶ˰ɣ㹻̿࣬㹻ˣǲ֪ϸü˼һ£իhͻȻͷһ˿ӿԺٸһλᣬһµĿޣ֮Ĳ󣬻ҪڣҾ;һѣڡѡ񷵻ף
ԺŹֵԺڷصһ죬իhջ˺Ƭ̣ٴηֱӽ˶Źֵķڡ
Ҳһ˲䣬իhһϸ׾Ө৵һͱûڣһ㣬ȫȻǺǿ׳ȴûһ˿׸⣬ȥڵϺ˯µ£Էؼ¿紦ʴһš
һܵЩիh״ˣ㶵˺þã͵ᰡһһӾʹԭҲ˾һವһ˻
һǲǹġһùޱȣ֮իhȴֱ÷ŭޱȣΣһ̣һŷʴȴɶֹԺﲻסֻǲúիhͻȻ;ԼĽԽԽҲԽԽȣһ͸ңɢһɼΪľ˹󣬾ҲԽԽ
ʵʵ˵ΪʼΪ׿Խ׾ͱʦţһֱǿ޲ꡣŮ֮ϣǵһŰֽҲǸƷڵŮޣŹֻΨһԵӡ
΢־ҵĴϢͦǰزסӸǲ֪̱˵ϣһ˫޳ذС֣ڵϣ˺þúþãիh͵һ˿ΪɫٴηݺݵײһԺԺڣԶķ
ܿ죬ԶԺִ̽իhԺǰתΪһʵ
ʦã֪Ϊʲô£
ʦ֣С㴫һɽիhǿűŭգҲ

Ž̸ĽԶҲջԶ΢΢üͷիhҪǸֻĶŹ֣⻹իhĿǰΪֹΪһԵӡ
ڶŹ֣ԶһֱܲףիhΪʲôҪһΪͽȷһλɽʱիhûᱻϮɱ˺ΪŹȲΪͽģϾʱһֱôΪŹһֱﰲޣΪΪŹִҲȽ϶࣬ø׵İõıիhһֱôöŹֵͽܣֻĥһӣȴطأ¡
ҲΪףԶһֱں棬ֲիhֻһʹӣҲˡ
իhǸŹһöԶҲһֻ۱һֻۣϾɲƣһ¯Ҫķҩ԰ҩݣϵ¯ܳͣıٹȵ֮⣬еĵҩÿһŵȥԶǵһ
鲻һֻ۱һֻ۹һֻ۱һֻۣʵԶһֱɻիhͶŹ־ʲôϵ
ԭһ£իhͶŹһö󣬾ҲûʲôעԶȻҲɻ󣬵ڣȻҪټŹ֣
ʿһټһΣʵѾƵˣϾΪﵽԺһҲֻһξʹҴҶˣͷ˵һࡣ
֣ʦõôˣԽԽɻԶٴüͷ⵹̫ԣҲիhʲôͷֻΪһӣһֱիh˼
ȻӣֻһƷɵĵӣԶȥЩǣΪӵױȵ츳Ӷʮ꿪ʼʮ꣬۷壬˾ɾ޵ٶȣһͱһλΪ˼ӡ
ǿڰڽڣֻһɣףʮɣֻǶԷū͡Ȼūһ˵ҲǧǰϻˣǧķչЩɣҲȡһЩȨֻҪǴ£Ҳ̫֣ȻĻǺǧǰһֻҪԷһ仰Զ͵Լիhȥ
ɲΣΪֹڽڣӵвɺʵ͵λԷҪķŭݻһһɣǾõģ˵Ʒֻһɡ
ԣǸڳΪӵˣһֱڻƷӵгȻĵλԶҲΪ˵ԷһڳϣǱԺҲһġ
ԶڲիhͶŹֵĹϵƺЩѰ󣬾еˡ
ȻǿիhֱӺӽΪ£ȴһֱǰֵ֧ģͻȻð˸Ź֣Źֵ츳ֱ˼ĵزֱǻ
Ҳ֪λڵĳϣ˼ֱǸΪŵӵģԷȴˣĿġ
ϲΪһֻķ˴¡˼֮ԶչüͷͷԺǶȥ
ʾһײֹƬ̣ԶֱӽԺϯӵǱ޾ء
ģΣûͻϵİգ
ڣһһɫۣݿʵԶֱӾ΢΢ɽưЦлʦģ߲ϣѲӣգһԽ߲㡣

Ƭ̺һӰֱӾͳɽ±ȥӰԺϯģʱģȴһŭգԼˣһիhȻֻ⣬ֱǻƣ
Ź֣٣ҵҪʲôͣȻǵñʦΪӣΨһеӡٺ١
˫һмĺ⣬ٴμӿɽĲ


104 ͵֢
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һΪոת꾫ֵ˯ĶŹֱӾͱ˹һԾȻϽһϴ
·Ѿ𽥸ˣ·ĹУŹҲҴҳǰһ£121.1
ȻûֱͻƿһֵϣŹ²ŵһЦʵֻҪתƣͻڵƿʵҪķ̫ʱ䣬ϾڵƿֻһСƿ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֱӾʹ󲽳ȥ
֨ѽ
һֱӾͼһɫΪ˧ӣֱֱͳɨӶ
ǣһӣŹֵ΢΢һ㶣ڷʡ
ǶŹ֣Ҳͬһʱ䣬ջɨӵĿ⣬ٴһ˿ƣԭΪʲôرѲǳС˭֪һ֮£Ҳˡ
ҡʱŹҲо˶Էɢ⣬ʱ˱飬򵥵ĵͷ
ǡһ㶣һﾹȻ˼ӣڣիhѾҪټʱȴҲʲôֽţٴƵĵʦĵӰɣʦҪ㡣
ŶŹٴһ㶣իhҪΪʲôֱӷټô˵ֹԺţɽߡ
Ź֣ҲʦʲôϵһǷȰ㣬ʶһ㡭ȥˣȴûмк³ģŹֶԼǣ͵ؾһ˿ŭǿаƺŭĵٺ٣ʣֱǲ֪ν
ĺͳĻöŹ΢΢һͣͼǰȥһ£ʱȷһţȥիhʲô˵
ȴû뵽߶ҲֱִһԺʱһﻹһֱţģҪһȥիh
΢΢һüŹҲٶܣֻվիhıԺǰš
ҲͬʱŹֱӾ͸оһֶתΪһŭ죬
ף
һףֱӾʹӶŹֺĿͬʱôիhô
ɵͬʱŹɻԽԽȴЩϲ⣬ѵԼˣԶˣ
Σ¶ϲɫ֮󣬻ǾȥիhҪһȻܴȥҲիhʾá
ڻƷɵĵλֻҪիhʱӲȥԷҲ
ԺڣŶ룬ȲĶŹ֣իhԭһ৵һӾǺˣӶЩ΢΢ҲٴαüɵԺУľٴһŷʴֱֱһͷĿѣ
ԭֻΪŭ϶Źǹ߳ŭ֮£ֻһͷǾҪٶȣͷĵļһһʢŭ֮ľȻû̫ǣû˼ǲʺϺͶŹּʲôġ
իhҲûϵԭѾǿԺĶȻڼ˺ٴηӵĸ֣ǻ֮ȥԽ
㡭ҳȥŶŹֵԽԽիh͵һƺŶԽԽֱֱʱɫԽǺޱȣŶŹŭ˵⻰ʱիhȴǲɶֹɨɨŹֵ¿磬ּæǱĶĿ⡣
һŭľ⣬Źֳˣ⵽ô£
ò˵𾪵ģիhʱ̬һĺɫȹ£ԭͦһԷأֱֱؾҵѣֱεΣǣӶЩƣƺʱˤƵģֻǿվһԭһֱʱȴǺһԾӨ͸ˣټ΢ٵĴϢʵǱ֮֮ǰǸĵܰŮջ
ֱӾöŹִԭأֱֱĶիhʦ쵽ôˣ
ģɲֻǶŹ֣Ժģڼիh̬Ҳڵһʱ͹ۣȻҲʶСʦʮˣիh
ǣǰһֱ˶Ǹ߸ϣľǧ֮իhȽϣСŮ̬ԽԵø˿ڸ⡭СʦżȻ¶Ů̬Ҳδ̫ˣ
ֻһ˲䣬ľ;ԼױһƬ飬̲ס˿ˮ
㻹ҡիhȴûע⵽ģϾղֻһԺ˻ԴӶŹֳֺӸǺһը˿һԣȫһǸﻹʱעŹ
ڼŹִʱȻûָȥԭĶ̾ٴξһ巢ȣƺŶԷĿ⣬ԼҲòŴ߷ģիhֱһָŹ󣬾ͷŭ⣬仰Ҳֻǳһ룬ͻȻĵӰ
ҲӰĳ֣իhֱӾǱһˮ͵ϣֱӾ˹ôôڣ˵ղһзӦ˶Ź֮⣬ҲǸ˵Уһ뵽իhٴκ޲ҸطȥҲˡ
˫ĿիhİĿͣڶŹϣݺݵĵһۣǿԪֱӾͷɽ˷ڡ
һı仯ٴöŹֺĳ״Ժиͬʱʣ⵽ô£
ò˵ҲֻƬ̺ľͳױɫիh˷ΪΪǰŹ֣˵ղվվȣһŭķӦҲΪŹ֣ЩӦΪǶʮŽӴ磬ȻҲ˸ףիhǱһˣȴֲǳޣŮ֮䣬ֵزֻҪ㷢չչ
ˣȻˣիhһάˣڹ涨ֻӵжʮˣһԶԶﲻ׼ǰʦƽϣǲΪСµիhڣĹϵˣֻҪһȥʱûիhĿһҪ֮أ
Ҵ˼һߣֱӾ͵̧ͷǰķʦ壬ҲǸոյ֪ʦһӣֻӣƺûʸһƷɣӷʦ֮ʦ壬Źֳţ
⻰ĸֱӿŹ֣Ƿߺ޺Ͷʼɡ
ʲôʦҪţһ̣һիhֱӾִӷڷ˳ʱϵû˸ղŵ֮⣬»ظıɫֱֱɵ˼ͣ£իhɨһۣ㣿
ֻһ˲䣬իhüͷ´ʱ¶ԶŹյ˼㣬ȴҲûҪϳɣϾԼ뿪ͱ뿪ȫͬĸ
ǿסիhҲŹһֱۣӾģʦƾʲô
ʦ壬Ĺ涨ʹڵߣţ˷ڽڵٺ٣Ÿ֣ʺֹǵ£ֱǳʦȻҪʦһ¹صġȴһЦתͷ˶Ź֣תΪһͲм٣˵һǰѾˣôڴʶô


105 ɵ۵츳
Ĺڸ̬߰ǰիhŭˣֱӾЦҿʦֵ˼ڼٴּɣҵĵӣֲָ㣡
Źֵ츳ǺܲֱԺԲƣիhԶʡĺ仰
ֲɵӣһǰԶ֪Źֵ츳ʱŲʣڷҪסʵµţǰỳǶŹַʲôűԶϳɣһԭһӾͿһںߡ
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ʦãȷΪֵ˼ҲʱһʵͻȻԺ⴫ԶӰʹɨԺڸһۣԶֱӾ͵Ķիh
ʦ𡣡һԶĶʱϲһɵ͵ͷԶȻ֧ԼģֻҪԶԸڹôիhЩŭȴҲֻԹޣתƵԶϡ
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Զû̽ŹֵڣҲ֪ûмʶȴ˸ղĳͱĵķʣȻʣ̽ˣ֪ûмʶ
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֮ԶٴƳһۣȴһΣӣһڳأôܲæأ
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ҲŶŹ仰իhԶԼĵͬһʱȫסˡ
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ҲիhԶֱֱע£ڽӴ˶ŹֵʶԭɵֱӾ͵һԭء
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ǸҲԺͣΪʲôŹֻһ£ܴﵽ۷ĳ̶ˣǣǸôʵͰǰԶǲš
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իhԶǲ˼ľϲȣŹ־Ȼӵиȴڵһʱ䣬ͳ˵ļһ츳ߣ


106 ıϺݽɫ
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һղĶ裬ԼԷĵ⣬Ź¾Ҳ˺⡣
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⡭ԶҲɵˣҲû˹£󣬾ô˼Ƭ̣ԶŵΪʦҲ˵ʲôٰѹȥʱΪʦΪ㻤
õġȻ˵ԼѾһΣȴ޼£룬˻ȥһڵԶΪ϶óߡ
úֻ䴩һĽǿõģֱӾʹӴָٴóö鵤ԥһԣĿ⾼Զ

ʦҵĹֲˣֵ۷塣ֹ߰˸СʱĲ˲ͷ亹Ϳڵ
ųƽΪʦΪ㻤Զͷͬһʱ䣬ɢӴһ߼ܣһ߼ĵڣڵΪһĻ⣬ⲿʲôģֻڲԪ£Ρ
ܵԶǿһıô˵ڸְ
뵽ֿʼ˳̡
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ֱӾɫ䣬ĶԶʦˣ
֪ԶһӴ£û˿ⲿ֣ô⣬ǳˣһ̣ԶֱӾͰȫעڡ

Ƕ̶Ƭһζ
ڴĿԶλʦܸһ͡
ƺ̫ˣΪʦûв׾͡Զѵ΢죬εĵղȨ£ȴ˿޷ΪλͻȻɢ
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һԡԶ˵ͷ
ȴ֪ѾһȫΪڳ߲ƿʱŻֹԲŻһֱҪĸϿָ
һ㣬ԶԼΪģ֪ͨ̽ⲿ֣Դûȥǿֻȫȥ̽ĵ塭˵ҲǣԶڸ֣˽ڵĴ˭֣ӵùķۣڣһǿķﻹȥǿⲿģ
ԡ
߰˸Сʱ
ʦ̽ôһϣͿģֱֱԶ
һͷĹɢʱǳǰʧġԶ˫ۣ΢΢ü
нİ취ôĴϲ
һΣҰԻסǰأԶصĵͷ

ˡ
ʦɢˡĳˣһԶԪסиͨಿλϵͳǸɢȻٴηˡ
֣Ѿ·ߣôᡭԶٴüһɻʱͻȻĵĹŹҲŵȤԡ
ʦҵѾˡĿſյƿӣһƿô˷ˡ
û£ΪʦﻹһЩʿõĵҩԶһӣЧȻȲڵҲڼСʱֲضʧĹ

Ρ
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ȷЩŹ֣Ϊʦ²⣬Щ⡣Զ죬ζҲİ취ֻܰԭĵʡ

ߴΡ
ʦҿˣôôùһһţƿЦѾ˽ƣ˵ҲŨĿǻ
ᰡʱģᰡԶȫ֣Ҳڣ˵ˣҪԺô찡


109 
ĳױˣԶҲʵҲİ취ֻεҡͷҲˣϢһ°ɡ
⻰ļ˫Ŀֱֱ˵ϣʣôѵֻҪһ߲ƿͻῪʼɢ
˵ⱲӶԵ߲ˣִԲģԭΪžʮĳǿ츳ʮ꣬ϣΪǿߣֻҪΪڣڻƷɣǺ绽꣬ϾһڳأҲΪǰĲһֱΪ԰
ڡ߲粻ȥ̸ڣǱλڳ֪ȱݣą̇̄ûˣ
ţļǳûһ˿˶ή
ƽʱΪصĵӣһңԶҲĲζɾҲް취ֻ̾һȥ

ԺŹֵıԺڡ
һתơ˯ȶŹٴʱֱӾ͸оı仯Ⱦʶԭ۷壬ѾΪӴʶʱ˲٣ξСλãֱӾ͸оһڲסε
ȥ̽飬Źֶʱϲķ֣СȻһεУǸڣһ˿˿ھڲΰڡ
иڼиˣô˵ѾִһˣЩ壬Ԫˡ
ͻƿʵҲʵķ˲ʱ䣬ǰǰ󣬴ת0.7ֵ＾һΣ0.8һԾͻơ
ףѽҲ˷УŹͻȻ΢΢һͣһЩΪֵ£ͱһֻӵжʮʿӼʶﵽ۷壬Ҫһʱ䣬󣬴۷壬ͻƵڣȴҪ꣬ƶϣ˵۷嵽ͻƣҪǴӼʶ۷
򵥵һ£Ҳ˵Ӽʶ۷壬Ҫ1ֵ۷嵽ͻƣȴҪΪʲô۷嵽ͻƣֻ0.8
ʵ򣬶Źȴǲ֪ͨʿķѴʱ۷ɲһֱԼΪӵģǣһ⡣
۷壬ʶ޷ʿʱͱҪʶڵסѹȻʶռ󣬲ܼתڣʿʱѹԼеŨȣȴ´תʱ仹Ҫ࣬ԲŻ˵
ǣתƸҪѹֻҪ0.10.1ĲסתƣתƹֱΪʶռ䲻ǿбѹ
˽㣬ԶŹ˺þã˿⾿ΪʲôͻȻһЦԼһţǼ⣬ȻѾͻƵڣȥЩʲô
ȻףչƣǸҲҪ²ͻƿȴֻ졭Ǹʦֻ֪ʱ䣬ͻƿ¾ͺѽˣǸҲͲͨ٣ʱҪ֪ĺãȻһ˵
˼󣬶Źȴ͵һݣԼٶʵ̫ˣ쵽Ѿ޷ó͵ĵزĲⱩ©ˡ
Ҳʱ⣬ȴͻȻһصһӾע⣬æ̽һ⣬ֿһ󣬶ŹŻӦիh
˼׺һΣ
Ƭ̺իhȻʹ˽Ź֣һԺ
ǣʦŹ΢΢ɽϷ͵һ˿ɣѵիhѾ֪ԼͻˣⲻܰһֱڹעԼǰҲûиоﰡ
ô˵Ǽæɽȥ
իhıԺǰʱԺĴֱֱŵģŹֻһš
ɡԺڣիhֱ
ŹЩԺȥǲס˼իh֪ԼѾͻƣԼָôͣʱҪ޷ͣҲֻܼװͿˡǰǲŸ֪Լﵽ۷壬ֻ죬ԼȻͻˣҲδ̫ˡ
һҪԷɻ󡭡
ˣҲֻܼװͿˡ벻취ŹֵҲַſ˼߽˴
ڣիhһޱڴλϡ
ҽЩҪ㡣Źֹվ·իhһ˿ɲĹŹˣһεΣѹƣѾܺܺõĿˣٴμŹ֣իhǾЩ˼飬һﾹȻӵиǰѾ֤ʵЩЩܲˡ
ǶԷٶȣֻһ£ʹﵽ۷尡ٶȣҲδ̫ˡһţӵʮڵĻƷɣҲǼΪ͵Ӽʶ۷壬ҲҵʱأԭѾ϶һĵӣȻڶʱһ˾޴תۣҲʵ̫ˡ
Ҳֱ״һεƽիhʱȥ˼Źֵ⣬Խ˼իh;ò˼飬ҪȽ֮£Լٶȣǰӱ̫ˡ
һիh͵ѹذ׵СһӣһȭͷСԲʹƿֱֱŹֻ֣Ƿһöܴﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣЩвСЧŰɣϻа
ԭΪ˴͸ҵҩҾͻƣѾͻˡŹһһϲЩȻʧЦԭһжԼ̫ˣͼæ֣ץסƿĴƿ
Ź¶ϲɫիhԭΪӵ飬ͻȻǱòƵģ͵һƻҲ֪ΪʲôһһЦô
ЦʲôҪΪڴﵽ۷壬ֵýȫǿ츳ģҸ㣬Ҫгɣֻӵ츳ûõģ뻹Ҫмᶨ־ͲиŬѾﵽ۷壬㲻̬ŬʲôʱڣһΪϣôͻƵôΪʦ꣬Ҳֻǻ£ʹﵽ۷壬ǵϴȴ˰꣡øҰ̬ӽԺúͻƣ
УիhֱӾͳŶŹֺǳ
ŹֱӾͱһͨѵŪˣԼֻҵЦһ£ڷôôϴα͵ԿĿ
ЩƵƳիhһۣŹȴһŹַڣͻǵϺôիh걻˰ͻƣȻ츳ֻϧ
Ȼ¾쳣Ź֣Źֻ֪ڲ˰ԼѾͻƵʵ©һӣȻիh֪ԼٶȣʲôƹȥҲʦء
㻹ЦΪƭô㵱ΪǸôͻƣҸ㣬ⷽ棬츳ѣŬһлǰ׷ѣիhȴһ̣ٴο˶ŹֵĹŹַӦʱһգٴοڳ


110 ô˵
ǣʦ¶İһͨѵ⣬ŹҲЩˣæիh֤һŬʦ
ߣˣȥɣҲѵ⣬իhµƻŽɢһЩŹ̬Ȳһֵ
Ź֣Ĩһ亹ˡ
Ҳ˳ԺʱԺȴͻȻ첽һ޳ӰߣĹճһһˣŹֱ΢΢ӣ۬ʦ塣
Сʦ壬ŲĹ۸еģɮҲҪ棬Էһμһѷû䵽Ҳһ顣
Ǻǣ㣿һɫȹ۬Цһֱӳիhģʱȴͣ˽ŲŹЩ֮ɫʱЦҫhʦѵˣ
ûʦ˵һƿŹԭֻкߵģû뵽۬ȻͣʱЩƵĴ
ףһŹƿ۬ȴͻȻüͷhʦ㾹Ȼôãʹƿ㲻ֻô
ǰһĻ۬ΪʱڱչԲ֪飬ҲǸոճأԼΪ˲ĽչիhϲģҲΪʱ鲻Ը񱾾ͱȽϺƻԾŻͣͶŹļ䣬ȴû뵽ԭֻĴӣȻիhʹһƿҲ̫˰
ʹ츳ļһô˵һξһƿˣ
ŹҲûϵ۬ô⣬΢΢ʱ
Էڣիhȴ˳Ժ۬իhһϲָֻ˱䣬۬ʦãȻֻһȴǸȻֻһ£ҲѾﵽ۷ˣҴһƿֻΪͻƿ
һ⻰Źֶʱһֱ˻ˡ
ȻҲɫ΢ʱֱ۬Ӿ͵ضһ˫ƯĴ۾ǵɵԲԲģüȲ˼ֱֱʣʲôӵһѾﵽ۷ˣôܡ
۬͵͹ŵĺӣһ𾪵ı飬ǷˣŹִʱȴ˿û͵飬ֻЦ֪ѾͻƵ飬˳ȥˡ
Һʦ֣Ҳǰŵ֪ģʱڱչԡիhٴοڽ͡
仰ֱ۬Ӿ͵һ죬ȴɹĵ˫ۣһ֮󣬲ɴžɲôܣ㾹Ȼӵиֻһ£۷壿ǸҲ̫
ֹ˵ֱ۬ӷŶŹֶȥ
ҲסŹֵʱһֱǲͣ૵һŵ۬ͻȻٴһۣӸֱֱһǼ˹һٴŶŹ֣һֻа׵С֣ɵɵָŶŹ֣㡭㡭
ȡ۬ķӦիhȴһ˿ΣȻʦñֵЩţʵڵգķӦҲöأ֮իhֱӾͶԶŹ΢΢üȥɣסӵмǿ츳һɾͣڽϣҲôͻƵģȻҴһƿһУҪԼ
١Źѵһ죬εĿ˿ֿ۬˿իhոմи۬ʵû̽鲻իhô˵ǡ
ҲǵʱŹ²ͻȻһ˿ǾǷõһֿϢĹܲһֱô̽̽ȥġ
㻹ȥŹ־ȻĻƺţիh͵ؾһգ㡭
hʦ㣬˵ʲôҲիh뿪ڳʱ۬ȴͻȻһ飬ڴӹȵзӦ˹͵ؿիh
˵Ȼ츳ãһͻǵϣĽڣôˣ۬ȻԼĻիhһ㶣ٴظһ飬СʦôˣԼղ˵Ŀɶʵ츳ٺãҲҪڷɾͰ
Ҳիhɻʱ۬ȴͻȻһ飬ֱӾɵɵĶիhǣѾ˰
իhֱһۣɵ

ءءء
һ΢ٵײƷһԺԶıԺڣֱӾһ޵Ĺ⻪ԶֱӾʹԺ̽˳
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Ӵûһͳһɫ۵ӰֱӴӱԺڷɳ
ʦ֣ң
իhҲӭԶ󣬾ֻԶֱӳիhıԺ̤ڵϣ˿˺жʱһ˿ɻ󣬡ʦãʲô£ô
ʦ֣Ź֣իhڣ۬ȴһȾϲɻſ˿ڣָָŹ֡
ŶԶٴһ㶣Ź֣ӵиţֳʲô£һ𲻾ǰĹŹ飬Զ͵һݣѵţҲ˺һŹֵ⣿
Ҵ˼Զ϶ʱͷһ˿֮ɫ
ʦ֣ͻˣȻѾͻڵƿڣԶիhҲӿڣͬʱһɲĶŶŹ֣Ѿٴ̽ü飬Էոճ͵иڣǲţһﾹȻѾĵڡ
찡ٶȣҲδ̫˰ɣֻʿһˣҲô˵ģ
իhĻֱӾԶˣһϵı飬Ҳ˸ղһ˲䣬ɵɵԭأŤͷ˿իhֻͷ˿Ź֣Զ͵һ飬ֱӾ͹Цʦãû뵽ҲῪЦӵиҲôͻưû¡
ŽţԶֱӷ˶Ź֣Ҳֻһ˲䣬λѾﵽڣ˶ٶĻƷɵţȴֱӾ͵һֱӾͲصڵء
һ̣ǿסӣԶһǼ˷Ƶı飬۶ǳճյĶŶŹ֣ҲΪȵľȻü͹⾹Ȼڣ

úǿӶŹֵΪлָԶիh۬ȫڴζŹվУһ޹
֣ôܣֻһ£ôܴһͨˣֱӾʹﵽһ㣿Զ֣ʱԼӶЩ£˶꣬ģţν಻ʤȴҲûܴﵽ˿ֲٶȣ⣬⻹ٶôһȥ²ֱӾͻᱻ˵һЦ
ɹǣһ̣ⱾӦһЦ£ȻʵʵڵķˣҾǰ
Ҳ֪˴ʱŹҲû취ˣֻһ޹װʲô֪
ȣŹ֣ôģһ£һ£۬͡ҲһƣŹֵǳ˶ʼɣһոձչõջ񣬼ֱǲֵһᰡκ˵Ĳ࣬ôô
ӵиҲӦð
Ҳֻ֪ǰʦҵĹһֱŹٴ̾һ͡
Ź֣ôͻڵƿģիhҲֱֱ֮۬Լɻ
֪ߣͻˡŹٴ޹գգ۾ȴǴ죬ɣԼòţڣʲô취
ڸֳˣƬ̣ͬʱһŹֵͷô˵ģǿϰôɶ֪ľͻˣ
һʱ䣬ϣԼΪͻ϶ļŬիh˶һǿҵѪ嶯


111 
ٴδãǿסеƣ۬ͻȻѵӵиߣʱûƿô
һ仰ֱӾԶիhٴĿƵĿŹ֣⣬ƺ˵ûƿ֮⣬ĺѽˡ
ʵҲδֲ̫ˡ
ĴڽҲûгֹӵиˡԶڶŶŹֿúͻȻڣʵǲ˭Ҳ֪ǻƷɣûмء
Ź֣ûƿȻ֪ʵΣǰͷһӵߣիhֱӾͿ
аɡһŮȫ˫ĿŹĶԼŹ͵ؾʹһЦȻƿֻͻƵķʽеˣò˵ɻȴһĽڣҵʱʱȷָоٽһ˼󣬾ͻǸϰ
Ļٴһ㶣Զٴεô˵ӵиߣҲƿģֻƿͨ࣡
ԣһҪȻҲôͽڣ˳ԶĻ۬Ҳӿڵ
Ȼһжǲ²⣬ǳ²֮⣬Ҳʵ벻ʲôԭöŹ˿ͻڵƿˡ
ȻҲΪֵƵ̫٣ϼضû̫ѭĶ˶Դ˶֪࣬Żⷽ롭
ˣիhٴοŹֵ񣬻ǳޱȵĶʼɺĽƿǶôʿƿǰȻŸʵĲͬпֻҪкģʲ̫Ͷܴﵽƿǰǵƿǽϴƿ۷ڣֻ۷ᵤڣ־޴ƿʵȵȣȫȱһɣĴڽڣжһֱ۷塢۷壬Ϊû㹻ͻ޷ٽһ
һϵĸȻӵƿЧ
ֱҪ̫˼ˣһٶϣۺˣôһ¡
ٴλĶԼˣŹֲľһ˿顣
ҲʱԶȴͻȻһЦ͵ãããʦãյ츳ĵӣʵڿϲɺأϲɺأ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ¸¶⣬ŹӵиϢԲйȻ֪󣬶ԷٷְٵĻš
ǰhʦ㣬Ĺϲ㣬ȻյôڵĵӣֲãֲϴαǡȻͻȻӷ׽ţǲ㵱ʱ֪ӵиģۣhʦ㣬۹̫ˣһԶĻ۬ҲǰԼʦֶʼɵô

۬ĻֱӾիh΢΢Լ۹ôҪǡ
ʦֶܺãܺãԶٴһЦиһһɢŹӹĽָȥɡ
ллʦŹһѸͻƵڵ£ҲʱһˣҲֱӾչԶĽָ
ǺǣʦãȸˣȻʦֶѾͻƵڣ̤ߵУǾͷ㴫ˣԶŹ½ָٴһЦիhһ䣬ֱȥ
Ǻǡ۬ҲЦһҲһöֱָӾ͵Ź֣ȻʦֶҲСŰɡ
лл۬ʦ塣Źٴ΢ЦлȴһŹ֣磬ҲΪʵǰǶôļˣһֲȺ󣬶ȫ
ʵǷԼϵΪҲȫǻ£Ͼ˶ԣܣԶڴﵽڣϣѾǿߣ⾳֮ʵս˿ǰʿӻתǲܡ
͸Źһָ۬ȴûԶһֱ뿪µĶ˶Ź֣һ˫ĵĴ۾쳣ֱӾͿöŹһͷƤСʦ壬ʲô
Ǻǣô£ֻǺ֪ӵг츳ˣѧϰʱж죡һŹǷǰ飬۬͵ȻʧЦֱӾЦŵ
ѧϰʱж죿һիhԭһֱƵı飬ͻȻиȷղŵͱŹִֵήҲ񣬱ϾһֱΪԼѾţѸˣɸһһȣǼֱʲôǡɲơ
ڣˣͻƿֻʿĸѣʿԱչսȵȵıϡ
һϵٶٱ̬ƿʱͻ˶ʼɣڶ̶ȵȷ棬ȴĲ̫ڡ
ϾһδڶŹʱիh֪һͽһ֮¾ƵѪ֣Щͨء
ҿҿȻҲˡ
ٴһ˿Ĺâիh͵һԶŹֵŹ֣ϵ츳Ҳ˵̫ˣҪסִԪϰȫ£ⷽ棬ĸǺǿϣԺУҪ˷Ĵ츳
ǣʦիhƽͣҲܳϿңŹȻĺ⣬ʱͷիh˵ҲȷʵڶԹϣĲڡ
Ǻãھ͸㽲һЩʶիh̬ϣҲĵ˵ͷ͵ʿԣֶģУҲвٵĴ֮⣬оǷ
һ㣬Ҳò㣬ҵרѧĶԽ࣬ÿʿôԽһɣжصר𣬱еɣóʲôҪеɣóеóеóƵҩеóȵȣһ㡣ЩиԵȱ㣬̫ӡ
λĶŹͷ
ǻƷɣóƷ÷իhͻȻͶһһ߳İ򣬵ҲûֱӽŹ֣ǼΪƷÿƷڣȣΣͼµһƷҪͱҪͨ󷨡ԭҲͨ󷨵Уڷ̸֮Ӧ󷨣һγĪܣ
ѧϰͱҪȾһЩ֪ʶöǻƷɵܸ٣ԼĻƷһЩСĻȡȥɣֻҪԶȡڵ֪ʶ
ллʦŹǰһӹ
ǺǣŹ֣˵츳ʲôʱһͼһ󷨣ƳһҲʱһֱû˵۬ȴǵһЦȤĶ˶Ź֣꣬һꣿŶҪʧ
⻰ʱ۬ȴϷŪ֮ɫһһܸòô̬˰ɣҪʱֽһĻᱻ̼ķġ


112 ҿޣô
۬ʦãһ۬ĻիhʱƳһۣЩĵ
껹һܻ꣬ƳһЦˣƷǿɲǼ׵£УҪĳ׾ͨһһ󷨣ȻҪӵ㹻Ԫȥ󷨻ưѷϣڣŹֲֹҪϰ֪ʶҪϾֻǸڣǸոյһԪʲôˡǻһöͼµһƷҲҪڶΪٶȿ죬ȴʵڲߡ
оǣ򡢾ͨһһ󷨣ӵڶΪҲԶԶֱӾܳɹ˷ˣǻҪεʵ顢ĥϣܰһ󷨵ľ裬ʩССķ֮أſԵġ
¿ͷѣո̤ڣͨһ󷨣ܳɹһիhҲʱء
ŹֿϣҪիhķѵʱ̵Ķ࣬ҲҪһ²ŻͻƵڶɣѾիhնŹֵٶȼĽˣһºڶ㣬ڵԪҪ볹о͸һ󷨣پҪһϵʱ䣡Ͼǿ󷨣רһеģҪӴԭϵͳһЩĻȻҪ׼һ󷨾У㹻ԪӶ󷨵գһԭҪ಼γɵ󷨣һиֻʿԪԼ󷨵ľͨģһͣһӵЧٰһССķУѵġ
˻˵ģ⣬ȫհǰ˵ķӲʵȻÿ˶ͬһ󷨵⣬ȫͬԼϣ󷨼򻯡⣬ͬһְ취ֻֽܲ˵ľ飬ʣĲ֣Լʵȥ飬ֱҵȷķʵ֡
ҪûǧٴεʧܣǾͼܳɹ
ȻҲ¿ͷѵأֻҪһγɹˣ˾ϣԺƷ׵Ķˡ
˵իh¶ڶŹֵжǣҲҪңܳɹһȻٶȣҲЩңһŹһı֣һ۬ЩĻЩ
Ǻǣ۬ʦ˵ЦˣûôɹһöġŹȻĸӳ̶ȣȴҲ۬ĹŹֱ֣ӾЦŽһ䡣
Ÿȥ
ҴһصԺŹֱӾó򣬷ȡеݣӴϢ˳ҴԺ
ٶȺܿܿ죬ԶԶͨеһĿʮУĿȵȻҪö࣬һ̨ԣһ̨ﴫһҲֻǶ̶Ƭ̣Ź־ͶȡеСݡ
ڻ֪Щݺж֮ϵСĵİ
իh˵ûݱȽ϶࣬ͨĻתȻ𣬰һƳʿıܸٵȵȡ
ЩȴȫһǰᣬǾҪ㹻Ԫ
ʱȻҲܰиתԪˣֻǸոͻƣͱիhɽһԪʲôˡ
ĿǰҪģҪԼԪ
ȻǲÿǵģիhǰһƿʱҲûɶЧģŹֱӾװ̬תƿռ䡣
ҲֻƬ̣ĵȦ
ʱò˵һľǣתƣתƴƣһֵһͻвٱתֱֵתΪԪֵһԺ󣬶ŹÿһתƵֵҲ0.10.2
һת0.1ųԪ֮ҪԼֵ0.1ҲҪΣҹ

ԺϯӱԺڣΪǰΪ˲ԼԵ޹˥˵ԭ򣬶һֱն˯ģʱ˯
˯еȴ˿֪Ĺٴοʼ˥ˣҪ֣ҪһڱŹϮʱתּ˯ĸоȻĹͲ˥ˣֻŶݵĻ˯֮Ȼ
⣬ҲӵзתƵһֱ仯
תƣתߣڱʱŹֱӾͻתƿռ䣬ҪԷķƣܼתƣתƵĺҲ֣һͨתƺֻҪ˯һκȻָǱתֿ߲²ųģֿôͻһڽתƵĺ
ݻ٣
ȻҲֻڽתƵĺֱݻٵĹֻҪָܻĽתһ޷ָ
ֺֻһѡᣬǵһѡ˲ֱֿӻ˯ôԺһֱԻ˯Ϊһѡ˵ֿǿתɢּȵ˯УͻֱӱɵڶתƺԺҲһֱԶˡ
һУǶŹԼ͸˵ˣ֪´Ҳڵһʱѡ˹ɢ˯еġ
Ҳܹġھʢ˵Ե޹ʵͻȻе˯˭ڵһʱ䣬ѡ˹ɢʿΪֵ̫ͣģɢŻ˳˯˯ȥ
ԣڶ죬Ĵһ֮ʱ

ͷβɵۣһʱ͸оԼĹȻһ˯ٴһΣıˣԶһƬȵĻУԶǾ֡ʡίȵ
ΪʲôΪʲôһΣûгƿΪʲôȻ˥ô๦⵽ôˣ
Ъ˹ģĲҰһ͵͵ķһҲʱȴ͵ɫһףֱӻ𼱻ǵģʹԭر
ˣǸĹ˥˸УȻˣ
⻹ҪôɥһֱӾԺ񱼶ȥֱֱһԺ
ʦң
һ·žڵະԶıԺǰʱֱӾͷ͵ϳȥ
أһײֱӾֱǰ͵طԲβֱֱ˻žһ˵ϡ
ҲֻƬ̺ԶֱӾٴδ˳һž˼ģԶɫҲһ䣬˵ֱӷ̽ڡ
ô£ΪȻֵôֻࣿһ˲䣬ԶҲ״ôε̽飬˿û̽κ״ԶԴҲ޿κΣԭҲֻΪ⣬޷ͻ߲ƿˣ˭֪ûãһľ羹Ȼٴεôࣿ
ʦңγϣʦ㣬ȥڣҺγϣ˵ҵİ취ٴνĵͺڣΨһܾģҲֻλΪӵĺγˡ


113 ܣûô
ȥڣԶ֮˫ȴһ˸ڣȥڣԷܾôԾεĻȻǺõģγܾôǰδŵĹŹ飬Զûһա
һγϾβˣڼȵľ֮£᲻ΪʼɺԹޣںγûз֮ǰڵԸŹ֣ǵģӵأ㣬ΪưȻһǰ˵ĺܶ˵һжΪ˻ƷɵδЩһǰᣬǾĻӵнڵϣڣ̯¡
γ޷ԣҲδػñ˺ù
ʱ򲻹ڻôֻҪǷֶŹֵĴڣǶŹԺͿ϶ڻƷˡҪô£Ľ赶Ҫôڷ֮󣬱ǿжߡⲻһ֣Զ뿴ġ
˵ڵֻ֪ŹٶȿʱԶѾϣһֱڻƷɵĻô֪ŹֵĸȻӵƿЧеİѶŹֳڻƷɵ˼ѾһֱȻľġ
ºγܾܲ᲻ѶŹֶȥֻǿܣ֮ԶҲĲ¾Ҫʱ俼ǣ
ʦңһҪҰӸ˼ҽʮꡭĲ֪ԶʲôҲоԥʱͰ
ҲķҪԶȥɣֻΪƷɾ̫ԶˣΪ㣬޷Уֻǰȥɽʵ̫Σˣ˵Ǿһ
ȣģ侲һ££Ϊʦǿǡϸ˼һ£Զûö⣬Ȼڱϣ֪ԼڿʲôԾͼΪʦղһֱڷ伮ΪѰϾȥ̫ԶܻѲʱգܼΪʦҵİ취ֹֹܸ˥󡭡
ʦһҪ㣬³ˣҵĹᡭһȴһ󼤶Ͼڵһֱ飬ûоȥй۲Զɫȵȡ
õģȥɣΪʦҲüҳİ취Զٴκɫĵͷֱٴȥвٴһ˿Ź֮ɫ˵һοҪضŹܵģأڣҲΪҪضŹܣײ¶ģǲҪȥεġ
֪Զʱ˼²Ļ᳹ױģֻ֪Ǵżϣٴη˱Ժ

Сʱһδ˯ѣŹ̽һڣԼԪ˽չʱٴγתƿռ䣬ĵȦ

ʦʦˣҵİ취ûУٴξֵϣĿԶ
ʱûУһͷģܿͻõġԶ϶ĵͷȴǺɣΪһţȴҪΪĵӣǲҪðգȥʧһŵѪĵӣ
ʵֻ϶ԥѡðգ㲻ðգıһڳأһº֪ļԵ޹ʹǸ鷳˵ǨŭƷɣԴʱԶҲĺͷۡ

ˣĴΣͿ԰ֵӵ1.2ˡһѺ󣬶Źĵͷʼתơ

ʦᣬֻǼ־ĿԶ
ˣˣĲҵİ취ˡԶ϶ĵͷȴ˼βںγϿܷʣֹǨŭ
٣ڵģѾ˥˵˸ĵزģȥµһͨˣǾǺγϣӦҲڶˣϾʱγϿģǱ

ĿˡǼСʱһζ˯ѣŹٴĵͷ

ʱ䣿ѵԶĲңһθܹ˥ˣֻҪһΣͻľ磬ڼȵľУڲԶķ
һ뵽Щϵľ֮ɫҲ͵ڼȵľУȴһ˿֮ɫ֡
ֹңҪֹȥȣֻһֱƮϣסңУһҪԼ취ԾȣڡҶǰڵΣԼ󣬵ڣҲֻˣ
ϸ˼֮ʰһٴαһԺװǰϣԶʦôˣĿҪŲȥˣ
ûˣûˣѾҵ˽İ취ֻǻһЩϡҩΪʦͳȥѰңԶæοڣĵΪһֱ۷壬һ·µֻһ˥˻ĵزѾ⡣
ǾǷģΪºγһĽҪӵģٲӲס
ΪʦȥѰҩһգͻԶٴζģϿҵĵ
лʦҲһм;ϲɫֻǵٴ˻Ժȴһֱڼ㣬Զ뿪ɶԶ
٣ϲģ뿪һûаأֹһһֱȵҹɫʱ뿪˻Ʒɡ

ٲΣӵ1.2ֵˡһδ˯ѣŹֱתĵֵڳתƿռ֮ȴͻȻ֣ĵȦȻıԺڡ
ף΢΢һ£Ź־ͿʼھƷ֮ĵطһ6.10Ȧһֱĳűƶ
ģôԺһ˿죬Źתƿռһ£ԶֵʱҲɽϣʱ͸ˡ
Σϸ˼һ󣬶Źлһ⡣
һֱɱģ׷Ź󣬶Źֱת⾳֮꣬ȰľƮ˱Ժ

Ʒɽ͹ƽɽϣһһӡǰߵģоһƬԹͲ֮ɫƷ̫ˣͷŷ壬ⱻԶ̽
ҲҿڻƷɷԲʮ֮ڣûʲô͵֮ģȻΪ
ҲΪ޷еĵײʿ˵ӵĴɽڣ̫գԶû뵽ĸðΣգԹǰڣԶΪİȺӣʱסŻûжʩӷȻ뿪
ٺ٣ҵڣºγҲ޷ң֮ǰҲһҪ϶ۣ
ɭĻĿзͬһʱ䣬뵽࣬իhŹֵȵȡ
ǸҵڣҲҪŵɱٺ٣Զڲô
ҲʱһӰȴͻȻѸݵĳǰֱӾͰһ͵ԾһҲһ㵭ɫ֡
󣬵Ƚ¹⣬֮ȴͻȻסˣӰȻǶŹ֣ǸӦû۷ĶŹ֣
ʦܣôЩɵĿ˿Ź֣ĿڷʵͬʱֱӾͷ׵ľ룬һ֮̽£ûзκ״͵һ͵ЦԭֻһˣһΣѰ·ˣ
ǵģȻ޶Ź֣ʹڵԶ˺󣬺ֳȥһڣĹͻȻ˥ʱҲûаںγһԾΣܾΣҲû˱γʸˣʱеһһУȫ˾ˮ¡
ȻҲд㣬γ޷ôҲһҪڶԷ֮ǰȽԷֳŹ֣òŮˣȻҲ˵õǣʱҲĶʼɶŹֵ츳ԡЩܲʵ֣Ҳûһա
ԶһεĴҴ룬һֱź
˭֪Ź־Ȼһ֣ӦǾ仰·㲻ߣȴƫҪ


114 ܶԭҺ
ʵȴĵԤϣĿ¶֮󣬶漸ĶŹȴ˿ûŻźͺʲôһ˿΢Ц
һôˣѵɵˣûҵ˼һʱ䣬ĶЩɣǲǰ죬ԼװĶʾ֮⣬ΪԼ˲Ĺϵء
һ뵽ĶʱЩȻʧЦѵԼݼôãС̫ɵ̫ǰһжŲɣ
ҲֻһЦֱ̾ʱ䲢࣬һԶ֣׷Ǳ˵ɱŹˣԼܲ뿪Ǹء
һ̣ĵУֱӾͶһıСӣȥɣ
ѽںγʹ͸ĶƷԸһڵС䣬ֵ
Ҳ׼ٿطɱŹʱȴ͵ֿĶŹ֣Ȼҡҡͷϸ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҡͷŹֵӰ͵ؾʧԭأҲͬһʱ䣬͵ľ͵ɴ˫ۣʧˣô£
ҲޱȣǴҴҷʱһɾҵƿžžĿըֱӾͳĺϮȥ
ʲôٴδ󾪣æԾܣͷûɢֻһ죬͸еһǿ󵽲˼ֱֱײĻܡ
أ
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һ֮󣬶ŹֵӰֱֱľͳ࣬һץӣʧԭء

Ƭ̺󣬾ƷʮһɽڣŹֱӾֶģٴüͷ
ղŵ׷ĺûֱӳ֣ȴΪһʱģҪλʦֶһѵõѣֻΪҲֱ׷󣬲ͻȻ֣֪δ
ɱ
ɱģʵ̫ˣɱĻһߴ6.1ľֵδ˷ˣǲɱһδת߶ԷֵŹû˿ѣԶ˷֡
Ĳ˵ΪԼתֵĹ̶Ŀ꣬ôֻܰڷԲǧ׷ΧڣСķΧڣΪڵԶɢѰ䣬ŹֻûаöԷҲǱԶ֣Ͳˡ
ԣŻڳֺ󣬶ԥƬ̡
ΣڶԷ֮󣬶Źû¶⣬Ҳòˡ
ٴοڵϵģŹҲ¶⣬ɱȻýתƶȡľֵһЩ︽ȥһЩ
⣬ҲĿǰΨһİ취ˣϾ뿪Ʒ̫ãͨתƣҪתĵֵûм켸ҹʵ֡
̫Զڷ뿪ֻҪųڵڸ̽ͺ׷
ϧЩֵֹһ䣬ŹȻҲ֪תƣӸЩֻһµĴڼ䣬ǼûʲôôĿǰҲֻôˡ
ֻƬܸ̾㶨顣
ԽȥŹֱӾͽתƿռ䣬Żɱһο֮󣬶Źٴ˳תƿռ䣬ֱӾͿĵǰ0.2ֵ
ٴҡҡͷŹ־ȥץȡֵҲָ0.2ֵʱһµȴͻȻӿ˳
˫תȫɹתνǷתԭҺ
νתԭҺŹ͵һ㶣ͺԥѡǣתȡֵǼߣҪҪνҲֻǱŲ˷ѵ̬ѡ˽תƣû뵽ھȻּһȽ
ԭҺʲô
ԺзͷʱȽתԭҺѾȻ
һĵĹŹץе0.2ֱֵӾͿʼۣ
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⡭⵽ʲôЩ㶵ĿеŹԭҺԭҺ
Źʱɵۣԭ0.2ľֵȻֹŹֵĶʲôã
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һһεĽתƣӶνתԭҺܿͰĵֵ6.1͵-0.2
ܹ63ξԭҺҲȫս˴ָڡ
һУٴĵ壬뿪˵أʬ𼣣
һдĸɸɾ󣬶ŹֲתȻ֮꣬ٷ˻ƷɣԺıԺڡ
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Ȼ棬˸ֶΣ޷˽⣬ôԳȥһţϾⶫ0.1ֵתģǳˣҲӦֻкôûл
ϸ˼һŹһ̧֣һξԭҺͱӽС
ҲǵԭҺ˳ʺºһǰδе泩УֱӾ⣬ʼӣ˲鲼ȫһ̣ŹӣͻȻĴ˺ü㾷εȫ߶
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лŮʱȫ߳һڣǸҪǿ࣬ŹֻƬ̼䣬ͲΪƮƮɣˬȥ
⣬ȻֻһʼǵξԭҺĵǸָо͵ؾٴα˼һһٴγˬιȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬ŹͻȻ;ãԼԪҲûԾ·ȫӵԼһȫڻȸԾڲѡ
ڣвȻһ̣ԺĴ̽߿ԴһУ·ҪƴʲôƵġ
⵽ô£ҲֻǶ̶һ˲䣬ŹֵȫһƬΣȻԾԺУҲͣ˸ͷ
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ཻӵһ̣ŹֵЩֱӾͿٵһǼյ׳ͻȻһٷʢޱȵζһ㣬͵ľȥ
ĶȡգϵǶֱӾǱһĴ⵽ڣڵ飬ͳ׵׵ȫӡ˶ŹֵԺС
ϣȻԾԪҲһ̣İոոյõĹת
ֻƬ̣ŹֵڣֱӾ۵һһŻƶС˰ɫ档

Źֳ״ˣǰǰ󣬲һңȻͳת˲ļʿı⡭Ҳ̫˼ˣ


115 ˾ֵѧϰ
ҲڶŹ𾪵Ŀ֮ʣֻˬʱ̶ֱˬιȥ˼ԪԾ˼ĳ̶ȵͻȻһһ㣬ȥ̾ȫʧ˸Ӱ١
ֻһĿĶŹ֣ɵɵĿԼĵǹ㶵Ĳ֪롣
ԼѧϰԼǱȽģѧϰؼҵһ߳似һܶʱ䣬ѧϰƷɵĻ湦Ҳիhһָ˺ð죬գѧϰ츳㲻ţֻ˵ͨѡ
ǣôҲ뵽ڸղţֻһ˲ĹȻͳһµ
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ɹϨе𣬶Źֲ͵ıۣȥ˼ղѧķһ͸Ĺת·ߣıһ㣬ֱӾͳԺУҲֻǵԪ΢һ£һ۵һͳ
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³ֵ𣬶Źֵһ⾹Ȼʵ⡭
ٴã͵һۣҲӿֳһ˿ϲԭҺֱ̫Ϭˣһֱָܱղ˼ԪȻԾ״̬ѧʲôһͨ
һҪлƷɵܸ٣Ҳʱ䣿
ϽһƬһƬױȵļ֮ɫŹ뵽ٴȡһξԭҺԥľӽ
ԭҺڣһ͸ղһһͷƤըȫεޱ߱УֱӾͳ˲ȫЩողƽ˼ԪҲٴλ˻һֱûԾ
Ź˿ûԥǿʱ̶Ҫޱߵĸ߳гιȥˬ⣬ٴη̽е
һΣƷķ
һӶʱ䣬ЩԾ˼ٴΰѷ飬׵׵ӡԺУѾΪıΪŹֵٴתһǵֱӷշڵļҲĹУֻԾٴȥѾûӰ졣
ŸղķŹ𷭷ɣָѪذµĹɲסлô˼ӣһɢʱöָѾı
öָΪıҪȥƣֻҪһͷͿ֪Ϥ澿ʲôӽָóָնһֻҪתͿ
⣬ʿķ󣬼ǶʧˣУֻҪӵûߵõˣ޷ѷ͸޷ʹáһȣȫ
ŹöָԶ͸ģӹɵǣöָһµһƷĴ﷨Ͼһ㵽㣬ֻʹµһƷ
ʵϣķȼݣڴ﷨˵𲢲ֻҪµһƷĴ﷨һۻʹáΨһȱݣ޷سռСѡ
ʱöֻзԲ׵Ĵָڣ;ָ⻹ʮһξԭҺԼɢķ
ԶöָڣһָһЩƷµһƷԺöŹִĦѧϰ۬͸öָڣһǧųȻɫһհ׷ϰƷ֮
ĬĬŶöָȫϸµƿأŹ£ͻȻһ쳣ͷǾǵ۬ȤĻɹһöҪ೤ʱ䣬꣬һꣿ
ʱ۬Ŀܰһǲ˼ˣիhΪڿ⳰⡣ɴ˿ͨʿ˵ɹһöȷҪʱ䣬ԭȣҲôģ˭֪ڡ
ڷ˾ԭҺĿֲѧϰŹּԿ϶ɹһöҪôõʱ䣡
٣⾫ԭҺǺãЧʱ䣬δ̫ЩһλֻڷúһЧѡ
Źֵֹһ䣬ŹٴδӴָóһξԭҺӽС
ޱȻԾ缢ƿʵеĻƷܸ٣̶ƬڣŹٴη˴йصĻ֪ʶ
ò˵ǣһԶһɱȵģһӺ󣬾ԭҺĻԾЧʱŹȡյ󷨻֪ʶܸٵİٷ֮һ
ֻԾʧʱŹһӾͲǰĲࡣ
ȻʱڶȡЩ֪ʶǺ͸ղȣֱһϣһ¡
һ򵥵ӣûлԾʱŹҲܸܿڵݣٶȼΪݣĿҲ֣࣬ȫʶֶһһ仰ֱɵˣ˵ʲôֻӲȴ˿京塣
ӵлԾʱģͲӲ˿ˣĴײ㿪ʼһУϣѭɣ׵׵գ͸һС
⣬ҪѾµʱܱоݺͽĶֻΪһξԭҺȫһ
ǰ֮ľ޴࣬ŹֱӾܲûлԾʱ¶ɵۣٴȡһξԭҺӽУŸղŵĽȣ缢ƿʵĽ
һΣһΣһӣһӡ
й󷨵Ļ֪ʶʱŹȴ͵һ£ֱֱۣ˹ȥ
ε֮ӣǲסس鴤߳ĺΡ

ԭҺǺãò˵һһֱлŮҪ̼ĶĿֲΡ泩֮УҲʵֲ̫ˣŹһһεĸ֮߳ˬȥġ
Ҫֱ֪ܺͨ˵ˣҲסǳǶһһνһΣͣȥԡ
ôҲ֪˶ãŹֲĶѣĵһʱ䣬͵سһæԭһԾ𣬼ͬʱĵҲһ˿ΪŹֵĸпû뵽ˬĸоڴﵽ޺󣬾ȻҲȻ˹ȥ
п֮󣬶ŹֲŴҴұ۾ȥļ䣬鿴ղž˶֪ʶ
һ鿴ٴ͵سһ̶̵ʱڣȻѻƷ¼ģйһ󷨵ݣȫպͳˣǶ˫֪ʶҲѾʼӴˡ
ô֪ʶҸղž˶ٵξԭҺ𾪹󣬶ŹִҴȥָ̽̾ͷ֣ԭ61εľԭҺʱȻֻʣ˶ʮΡ
ֲãֲãһʮξԭҺһֱͣǿҸ߳ʮӡٺ١
һ˿ΪŹֵЦ⣬Źַȥв̽󷨡
Ͼղյģֻ󷨻֪ʶ
һңŹֺܿҵ˻Ʒյһ󷨣ʱȥЩĵֻߴĴԼʱֱһĿȻ쿴ĸĴԭϷ󷨵Ľṹȵȡ
ò˵ⷬҵȴʧΪûǿϣյ󷨡
֮⾳ÿսʱܴĻôսȵŹյģɾһֿܱʱ󷨣ȻƳɷò˵Чֻ󷨣Ʒڣûмء
ô죿󷨣ȻÿһֶвСЧǶҵİչ鲻Ǻܴ󡣡üͷ˼󣬶ŹԺвͻȻһ⣬ڵѾȫһ󷨻֪ʶǳ׳͸ˣͨˣѵͲԼЧһô


116 ͼ
֮꣬⣬Ҳ֮ڵˮתŹĬĬ۾ͿʼԺйˮ󷨵֪ʶԼոЩˮ󷨣ʼ˿ٵĲͱȽϡ
ֱһ󷨣Ϊ󡣴ãҪԻãʿУͻᱻȵˮߣﲻһľ磬ɴˮɵĴУҲ޷͸̫Զ
ߺʿͻ᳹ʧȥĿټ󷨱ԻãҲĳڣͻһֱС
Źѡ󷨣ֻΪˮ󷨣ҲǾвСĹ֮еֻ֮𵽸õ󣬳֮⣬ûжɱ
˴һ󷨵ͷҲûԴֱӾܴ޵еȫ´죬ѡȥѡһе󷨣ģ¡졭
ѡҪģºͽ֮󣬶ŹֺԥľȡһξԭҺӽУޱߵĸ߳УԼԾ˿ֲ޵˼Ҳȫת
Źֿ˼ֱӾͿʼһٶȻԼЩ󷨻ҪգԺпʼԱȡ졢ģ⡣
һʱ䣬ҴҶеĻԾпʱŹֵģ죬ֻǸոҵ·
û˿ԥַһξԭҺٶȽǰģ͸죬չȥ
һΣΪѾҵͷһ·ԶŹֵĽչٶȣֱӾ˿ٵһδΣһĽ⹹͸ı䣬ھε˼֮󣬷ٵĽС
ΡĵΡ
ʮξԭҺ֮󣬿ռָڣҲֻʣʮĵεĴˣŹֶĽ⹹͸죬һβһոµˮзṹͼӡԺС
һ˼Ժγɵȫɻ֪ʶһӳͼŹֵϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڵҵӦеĲͼӦÿԲȫµϸ
˶ݵʱڣԭе󷨣һµ󷨣ΪԭҺĻԾУ˼֮⣬Ҫԭ򣬻ϸ̫򵥵ԵʣҪµһּɱܸӵ󷨣ôаٵԭҺҲδܸ㶨ϸֻǽ֮ΧĻһЩû˿ɱϸ꣬󷨣ֹףһԭȵУܿʵĿġ
ò˵Ҳֻѣʱ򾿾ôͼûʵʵȱݣҪʧܶٴβܳɹͼ¼ڸ¼ϣ˭Ҳ֪
Ц֮󣬶Ź˼⣬ǾǹڵԪΪǸո̤һ㣬ֵ1.1󷨣Ҳû㹻Ԫ֧󷨻հ׷ڣƳķ
תơҪȰѾֵߵ2.1ǷС΢΢˼һ£ŹֱӾͽתƿռ䡣
һΣĿ꣬ͣԺ＾ϣֻΪԷΪ±ԶͽôԵ޹ʵĻԣҲӦûȥˡ

ƷɽΪѰҩΪڣ뿪һյԶշء
ңңɽţԶȴһ˿ΪֵֹգΪֵ˶٣
ԶϣҩȻûеģϾĵΪ
һУֻΪһϣӸĿˡ
ڻԶһεĽҲˣֻҪȥϵĹٵΣԺ󼴱ںγѵẦ¶ԷΪһΪķѹƷô
ϾγϿģֻΪ츳ã֮䣬ûʲô飬һʧȥǸ츳ƣγϸٶȤ͹ա£ԶҲˣʲô
΢΢ЩȻʧЦԶٴμӿ˷ٶȣٷɵԺĵıԺǰԶŷҪĵķ󣬵˭֪һ֮£ȻտҲ̾ɫһ䣬ٿ̽˽ȥ
ףûˣô׵֮̽Զֱɫ䣬ĲڱԺڣ
һ̣ԶǼˣֱӾɢӴסƷɽȴ޹
ˣôܲڣѵҵ˼ԶɫһݣǾ¶һ˿ЦԭΪԼļƻѾܺˣҲεĺܺã˭֪ȻûǸӡ
Ҳû׼ģԷһǾףҲ޷뿪Զ֮⣬ܺķ
ϾպγһԶѹȥھΣһԶľȴûнȫͬĸ
ֻܲȡƭӵֶΣڻƷΧʮ⣬вһɢԾûڵΪȥǾһҲЩȻԶҲûĻ뿪ŴһЩûвȡֱֿܺӷֶΣϾ¹ضŹŵĵʧ߶ľţҲ޷侲
ڣľȻĲˡ
ô죬뿪ɽţǿɾ鷳ˣڱȻᱨֻһ˲䣬Զͳüͷٴշ𣬲ٿӴƷȥ
뿪ĻԶϣҵ

Ҵʮʱ䣬һζʮŹּһֱתתܣͣЪڸԼתƾֱֵʮľֵͻƵһ㣬ﵽ2.1
˿֪ΪɱģԶȥ˶ķգ¾֪ΪЩԭҺһԥ
ڶ㣬Ѿ԰ЩϳķƳɷˣӵһԾ𣬶Ź˫һ˸̧ۿ˿⣬ʱɫɴʺԼϸ󣬻ǵҹʱ뿪Ʒɵĺá
ҲֱںתϢǱ˳ȥִԶƷʮ֮һɽ󣬶Źϥ
һһųȻɫĿհ׷һˮɫȥƺһƵı״
⣬ʿƷʱķҪ󷨣ȫɴ֮ɵķʩչܲڵԶ۬͸Ĵָڣз
ĬĬϢһڵԪŹֱӿʼеˮзڹעԪԪӿ룬֧ˮз̾ɢһ˿˿Ө͸Ĺ󣬶ΧؼҲʼһ˿
һΣͻȻƽĺ棬һ˿˿ɢʱŹ̶ˡ
Ժе˼ץհ׷ϻƹ
һƲڷһεɫˮۣһ˿ֱӾ˷ϣʧ
һƲĶ̼ӿ࣬˳һ˿ʻһСϪͻȻɽ廬䣬ϸˮγһƽ͵ˮһһĹֱӾ˳ŷһһ˿հ׷ڡ
ŹֵʶڴʱǺհ׷ȫΪһ壬ڸһӡȴֳϢˮзͼڴ޵УԳ˸Ρ


117 ϸ
ֻҪͼڷڳ׳ͣȻټһ㴿ˮˣǳǰܣʱͻ
ò˵ŹֻƵٶȣǺܿ죬ϸˮķһСʱңСϪ𽥽
ڵԪҲһС롣

Ҳϸͼγɺԭǿհ׵ĳȻɫֱӾɢһӯӯˮɫ󣬸һεΡƻõˮ״ͼֳ˷
ˣ
ŹϲɫһţһٴһͶһξӨˮΣҲԶ˸͵дˮ۳ɵˮ
ǵˮŹֱֱͰոջͼķϡ
ۡ
һ죬ˮֱӾͳ˷ڣҲʱԭ⻪ķͬһʱ䣬ļ

һŹֶʱһʧˣڻƷͼֻ֮Ҫķô̻ؼƱãڡ
Щʶ˻Ʒһ֪ʶĶŹ˵֪ܲڣˮνȥ󣬾Ȼ
ĻƷȻһ׵¡Źֺܿľת˼ˡ
˼֮Ǻ޽Ǹϸͼϣǳģ
˴󣿡˼𰸣Źٴһ͵һ֣ȡһξԭҺӽС
ԭҺļ£̾ͷĶһſհ׷ʼ˻ơ
˵һΣĻһʼСϸˮһȻôһΣһʼĻƹ̾һ籩꣬ͣЪĴ޵Уֱ׳ͣ˼ԪȫȻԾ£һſհ׷ϵϸͼһŹ廮ʾһֱֱһڣ׳͡
ʣµԪҲͼĳͣٴֻ࣬ʣһҡ
ҲǲǸ㣬Źֱȡһˮͼڡ


һˮɫľӨһ̣Źܱߵؼ䣬ԭһ˿˿΢εҲһ̣ܵ˼һ㣬ӵŴȥ
ɹˣ
͸ղһһͼ˹еĽȸղſʮ̸ǳ˼ͷ֮⣬û˱Ĳ𣬵֮ĽȴȻǽȻ෴
缤ˮһ㣬ϸͼڵŹϽ˸һ˿ڴ˷ܡ
⣬ķǵǸʹõĻֻҪһӳȥ;޷Ŀ꣬ʵ󣬾ͻɢ⣬ͲǷֻһѣ󷨣һʩչֻҪȥֻۣҪԭȴûбϣһֱͣתľֻҪ·һзͿظʹá
ֱֻһϣһ£ͬն
ôʮӵԭһֱɢˮɫķŽʼȥһŹִһ˿Ծķͳ˶Źǰ
һץסոµķŹȻֻʣһҵԪǺԥľͼеԪ߶ŷ
ոµķֱӾʹӶŹлɢһ˿ӯӯ⣬Ʈ߿ա
Ҳͬʱܱ߲Ÿոƽأٴһ˿ƶ֮£ڵ󷨽ṹͼһδˮ׷Īܡ

һԲһ֮ڵأ̾һ˿ʪϢ
ۣۣۣ
ԽԽʪĿУһεζΣ档
ɹˣڳɹˣ
һ˲䣬ŹּļҪ˷ܵĺһܷйеĳ죬ϸϣ⾳ʱܷӵܣʵǿֲߡ
Ȼ󷨷ΧȥЩСֻзԲһңѾµһƷּˣϾĴ߷ΧֻеȶŹֵʵƷײס
ŹҲûĻֻ¿˵ͽ˼ֱӷ⾳ܣܱϡϡϸ꣬ڹע
ϸ֮⣬ҪָݽߵԪ׾ٵ£ҲֻƬ̺󣬵ٴ˫ʱԭһյԪٴαóӯޱȡ
󣬶Ź͵ؿ߿գǧ֮ϣһƬƵڣµһƷͼлӷǰյ
ߵĽǶԤƣûⴴ˵ĻڵЩⳡϸա
һɨ߿֮ϵķ󣬶Źϥʼ˼λƣһһ֮Ĳ󣬾˼ãȡһŷʼ˻ơ
һΣȫģ£һʼŬԼԪģ·þԭҺ״̬ĵµһʺɷ裬ԾĻƣͿٿʼչ
ڣϸ䣬ܱеһУֻжŹڵķԲ֮أûһ˿⣬еΣһ䵽ŹͷʮʱͻԶ䣬˳ƿǵЩϸ꣬ҲȫΪģ˹һĻȫǵ֪ͨڸԻᱻŵû겻壬⣬Ƿȫķһʩչôк󣬾Ϳײٿش仯
ϾЩͼȫԪƶɡ
ĻУŹֵٶȣϾҪȫģ·ԭҺļ飬һ׵£ȥԣֻèȮ
ۡ
ʮһζһʻƣһΣͼɺµһհ׷֮⣬ˮɫĹ⻪û֡
ʧܣ
ҲһεʧܣöŹֻȻ򣬵ģ£ܰʵĿ꣬ϾԭҺĻԾ̫ˣָȴԶ޷İԪߵָ߶ȡ
һΣ¿ʼ״̬ȥƵŷ
ҴһСʱһζٴλһͼ󣬽ʧܡ
ձʣ˼Ƭ̣Źּʼƣʧܡ
ôֱеŷɢ֮ǰŹһֱڲͣʧܡܽᡢơֻƵĹѭ
ÿһεĽҲȫʧܡ
ǹȻ˵ûûǧٴεϰƣѰҵʺķʽǼͼҲ޷ɹһϵķŹǲ¶һ˿ЦתΧƣٴλָĴԪ
ЩԪóӯһֱֱ̧߿գȡżľķ
µһˮз÷һóӯ֮󣬶Źڸȥ
ô˵Ƴһϸ֪׼ȷģԺֻҪڼϰôͻһ죬ԭҺƳ


118 һǱ
ƷɣһԺűԺڣһԶеһָɫҲԽ
ⴢָĵģʱ䣬ڻƷɸҵĵöָȴһֻΪڰ˲޳Ѩҵġ
ˣӣ鷳ˡôںγϵļ˵ˡ
˵ԭ飡
ʦ֣
ҲʱȴܵԶիh۬ŮԺһԶ飬̾Ͷһ˿档
ˣ岻ˣǸô죿Զ̧ɨһŮҲӣֱӾͽ˻ŮǰĿġ

ֱ׵ĻֱӾիh۬ԭأˣôᡭ
ʦ֣ôģѵû𾪹ֱ۬ӾЩ׷
̸ЩûãΪֻֽһ£ζԺγϽ͡ԶȴЩεĴ۬Ļƣĵ
һ仰Ҳֱիh۬ɫЩ΢΢ףںγϡ
һǸ߸ϵڣԷһλڳϣҪγܣ
ĳĬãڣֻ΢ĺѹֵĳĬУիhͻȻ̧ͷʦ֣ȻˣǲڽϾǺγϵġӣҹϵôܣγҲӦ⣬ֻҪǰƵһЩɿϣȻ취γӦÿԡ
ɿԶüͷһ壬ĿƵĶիh
ʦҪȥݼγϣ;ȴһֻǿޣʦ㶼ֻǿѡӣǾͲǶڲֻΪϣγҲԺܺǫ̃իhֱӾͽǲȻЩҲֻǸ˶Էһ̨ףֱ˳̨£ҪƽϢŭ𣬲һġ
һģһ⻰Զʱˣˣô⣿
ġիhһЦγϿģֻΪ츳ߣǰΪγѰһ츳ţǰ̨ףԷӦûƽϢŭģһ
ԣֻҪǲڲ͸γһţӦÿȥⳡֻԶ۾һӾʵʦõ˼ǸȥѰţ
ŹֲǸţұŵĶֻ࣬ҪȥǼһ˱ٶȣúγ⣡۬ʱȴ͵زڣԺиǸһֻҪһƵѪӰ
Ҳû뵽⻰ֻһڣֱӾǵԶիhֱֱ˸ͬĵͳ⣬У
ЦͶŹȥӹɵģһ츳ƿʣԻúγϴЦһвϲصΪͽƷɿɾûϣˣһ뵽ЩԶȻǺԥƷ۬Ļͷ
իhȴǻƷɵǰѹԸԼľˣǻһ͸ˣŹҪ뿪ƷɣôիhȻлźȴ̫֣ͬҪ͸ɣȴһء
оˡôݺݵĶſ۬Ҳ֪ʧԣֱӾͷٿ
ӽˣȫһпܣҲҪҵһ൱ţϣܸںγϷ֮ǰ񣡡ԶҲֱ۬Ӿ¶ľġ

Զ˵ͻȻ뿪ټڵӣ֣µöϯʱǼ£̾ʮƷɵУ²⣬ŹҲǺɲѣǧ룬Ҳõ⼸λʦųȥԭֻΪ˰ƨɡ
ô˵իh˵ȥŹֵһû⼸λڸԺҪɳ룬Ȼࡣ
¾ǰҲ˿ù˼λϯˡ
ʱŹֵԺУҲһ˿ŹֵǾǷת＾ȵֵѡĿꡣ
΢΢һիhȥĵϣֱӾתǱɣĿֱָƷʮĻɽҰ֡
ܿ죬ڵִĿĵغֻΪ꣬ٴγתƿռ䣬Բʮ֮ڣеȦҲĸǰ
ǰһǧף3.12.5ǸȦŸ˳תƿռ䣬ٴתĿĵرȥ
Ƭ̺󣬵Ļûһϸ꣬ޱȻϢͣĿ긽ʱͷǰȦˣһֻι״һֻɫĺӣȴȭͷĹŹ
ޣ
һΣĻʬʱѡİ취ǱɽҰ֣ѰһֻޣĵӵǰһƳҲ֪ϤЩޣҲȦġ
ʵʱʹЩ޵⣬ֻ֪ԶѰĻỨѶʱ䣬óóȻʮֻھƷɽԶȷ֣δⲻɻûô
ڡٱԶȷ֣Ҳͳû˹˼ɣЩޣɲֻͨתƵģṩԭҺ
ԭҺҲͰˣ书òٶ˵ԭҺ
Ȼ߶ľֵȽתƣܴԭҺô߶ֵûأ
ǰھ˯ޣŹֱһ˿Ц⣬̾Ͷ
صһ죬ֻһ̱ԭأ⾳ȥ͵ϮһֵֻжޣǲҪ̫ˡ
ȥޣŹֱӾ˳ԭ·˿ƷֻҵһɽڣֻڵϣҲ̽תƿռ䣬ʼ˽תơ
ʱֵѾߴ21.1ÿοתƵֵҲߴ210.1ڻɱһο޺2.1ֱֵӾ;޵ϡ
һ̣ŹҲԥľץֵ̽ȥѡȽ߻ԭҺ
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һ֮£ŹУֶһöָöָԭǳЩհ׷ģҲѱƳ˱ֻƽʱҪһöָԲűһöָڡ
ָԺ󣬶ŹеԭҺҲֻһȫ˽ָڣóһԭҺӽС
;ԭҺһЧھͬʱŹ̾͸о޾ĿУԭҺڷ鲼ͨĸоȴǺ;ԭҺƣڿʼޱȻԾģҲԪھ
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˫˸ģٴζֻޣһһֵ̫ҪˣǿʮξԭҺʮԭҺأ
һǱ
ֵܴͨ߻ԭҺ֮󣬶ŹҲ԰ڻƷɸһֱΪ̶ͨתĿꡣ
ıڻƷһʮ֮⣬кܶܶ࡭


119 ߲
һδνתƣѰɫ޵ľֵֵȫתƵ0ĵز߻γʮһξԭҺʮԭҺ󣬶ŹŰԭأٴתǱҰС
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ҴҰҹʱ䣬һζھƷԶһŹѾɢץ˶ʮֻСޣָڵľԭҺҲٵΡ
ֱһУŹٴתǱɱԺڣֱӽתƿռ䣬ʼתơ
ǵģѡתƣϾתƻõЧ׾ͻᱻ̽ϸбҪݻһ½ȡ
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ôŹ֣ŹֻǼᶨתȥӵţʮֵѾִ30ĸ߶ȡ
תѾﵽĿǰļޣʱ޷תơ
Ժһķ𣬶ŹŻȻһ˼ά嶼תƿռڣ޷תֵˣƿǰڣڵƿ
쾳Ļ֣ȴ֪ǷΪǰкڵģիh25.7ǰڣԶ45.7ڣֵƶϣжϳԼ磬ǰڡ
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Ǿ仰תƣٶٿ죬ʵתƣȴױ˿͸
ֱʮľֵҲһͻĹؿﵽ3.1㡣
ϣȴû˿չÿϰ˸Сʱʧܡ˼ݡܽᡢָ״̬ȻܽĶ֮ϣʼƵʣһԼʵΣÿһεĽʧܡ
תƣѾﵽ㣬ԺȣҲҪŻһˣӦö໨һЩʱ䣬о档
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ˣֹһºľֵ̤4.1ִĲ㣬Ͼڵÿת0.4ֵֻҪξΪԼ0.1ԷŻȣǵסתƵʵһֱͻǡ
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Ժһ˿ɻ󣬶ŹҲΪΣ˶뾡취Լٶȼӿ죬ȻһֱԥҪҪֹ̫ͣ죬Ǵȥ²ǵ˵ıĺˣҲô׵ģ

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ҹɫ£ԶƷʮ֮ɽڣһֳˮзŹһͶһſհ׷ʼ˻ơ
һʱʱϸıչһϸͼͿʼٵĴ޵У˷ڡ
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һˮз䣬ΧأҲֱɫ䣬ӴֳƽϢֱӾŷڷƼֱֱСʱʱ䣬е궯ͻȻֹͣһŹԴ¶һͼвپӨˮֵķֱӾ˶ŹС
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ʱ䣬ԭҺĻԾãڳɹȫԼŬƳ˵һŷʧ˽ǧ֮󣬴ʱ˾Źֵļ֪һֱáϰҵһȫʵƷ֮·
еϵһƷŹּ;ã˯ϢʱЦѹǵģһϵһƷϸʱ䣬ȥѹԼתٶȣתԽڣԽ٣ǰѾִ۷壬Ϊ˺իh˵ĹȾ۷ͣһ£˭֪ôˣիhȻûзأΪϵһƷϸջ󣬶ŹҲһǰٴתܣ̤߲㣬ող߲ͳ׷תƣеʱ䶼оƷ֮
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ϸϸ˼һŹ͵תеϸзĻգΧؼ䣬ҲٴηƼ
ֻ˲һˮ˷ԲʮĿռ䣬һεεϸ꣬䡣

ԶƷʮĸ߿֮ϣһִŮװӰֱֱŸ߿յ磬Ʒɿٷ
hʦ㣬˵ʦδȥܳɹôУһʱӡ¡ȹںڵĳžһȥǿɰĴһ˵۬ͻȻͿڶߵիh
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ǰ꣬ﵽٲ㣿
ڵĸӵƿЧҲҪԪӦҪʱö࣬ҹƣҪʱܽһ㣬ڣӦøոսɡϸ˼һիhӣ䣬;³һλ
㣿ʹﵽ㣬ǣʦô϶ҾӦûڶ㣬ٶȿ죬ʱƿҲԣǵʱܸ٣ҪʱȥоɣǺǣҾãһڶ㣬Ǵģ۬իhĻ֮ȴֱӾһЦѹŶŹѾﵽ㡣


120 ǻþ
۬һ²ӣիhֱӾʧЦһҡҡͷȽ۬ԾԸƫȵģʱװϣҲܿһЩߡ
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ᶨԸҲ϶иիhҲ֪ŹֿܻỨʱȥоƷɵܸ٣ȴҲ֪϶ɹ
ðȻ˵㣬˵Ƕ㣬Ǿͱȱȿ˭˵׼۬ҲһЦֱӾ͵ؼӿ˷ٶȡ
ܿ죬˾͵ִ˻ƷһԺ΢ʻһ۬һɫȹիhǰĺɫȹ۬իhıԺ¶һ˿ƤЦݣhʦ㣬Ҫ֮ǰ˭ҲҪ̽ΪԼ˵µöԣҲµöԣ
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Ц֮۬żľͷԺŹֵıԺڷȥȻƷй涨ֻҪڣԶΪӣԶΪ˿ѩضŹֵĳ츳ⱻ̫֪ϢйԶŹһֱûиס
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㣬㣿ҲµĶԣ۬ʦòµĶԣ
ƺҲܵǰıʦСʦķעŹҲ̼ӿ˲ֱֱԽԺ䣬˴
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⣬ŹһٴһŹָзڣ㣬㣿ǰλڰڣΪԤôǡ
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ţţ֣ҪһĶ㡢㾳磬ֻǰʹﵽˣҲôװɣ
ҲǵʱիhͻȻһŶŹֵھʲôΣ
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Ҿ˵Ҫѧϰܸ٣ô죡իhڿŵķӦֱӾ۬һիh𾪵㣬ֻþֻ軰˳ڣ۬ȴ̾ͷӦˣֱӾһ˿⡣
һδģӮأ㣬ǲǶˣ
hʦ㣬һΣӮŶĵϲú͵У۬ҲŹ֡
Ҳֻһ˲䣬۬ķӦȴһӾͱñիhҪֱԭһº͵شзһ˼ļУ߲㣿ǻþ

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ȻҵǸӵ100ֵźիh۬ΪͻȻɣͣһգԶǲô죬һһĸϻء
ô˵һε飬ȥˡ
˵ִڣ˺γ֮ȻԷڳʱ¶˼𾪺ͷŭͲֱҪɱԶҲԶ͵Ļᡣ
ԶͰիhƵ˵ǣúγŭԽҲǵʱԶֱӽΪƷڸ֣ȫװ֮ãͣЪѰţղҵ
˵γԶ˵ĻƷɵŬŭٴν˼֣ôǸӵ100Ůǻŭ𣬾ͳɢˣò˵ǸŮǸˣֹС츳ߣΪֹۿʣˣԺγϹмӲ˵ȴҲر£żЦܿͶúγϿЦ
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ջȴԶ־ϲֱӾȲڸ뾡Ϣիh۬
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ҲԺһ̣ԶһΪֵľ
ֻһիhһ۬ȫǲסΧŶŹתһ޵ҲˢˢڶŹˢˢȥ
ôܣȻǻþ
̫˼ˡ̽ô飬ȻģǼٵģ

իh۬ͣ૵ӶŹһε飬ԶֱһѵŹ֣ٶֳիh˵ԤƣԶĹƣʱ䣬ŹӦҲңڿիh˵ķӦѵֹ㣬ǴﵽĲ㣿
ͷһţԶӻûأֱӾͷŹ֣ڻԶֱӾһ͡һڡһֱֱʹ׵ĸ߿գͨһˤ˵档
ЦҲ̫˰ɣ߲㣿


121 Ｋطô
Ҳͨһ죬ԼԶǾڼ߿Ļڵˣֱֱ⿴ȥ
󣬾ͿˤûͷԶֱӾһ´ԭԾҲ˲ϵǱ󲽾ͳУһӴֱֱͳŶŹˢ
⡭⡭Ȼ߲㣿
һεĸӦһĲΣԶ𾪵Ŀ಻ѣ߲㰡ӵоʮţҲ˽ʮ꣬زŹֻӵһѣҲֻǱĶʮôֻ߸£ֱӴ޵УһӾͲ߲㾳磿
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ʦ֣ԶֱֱͳŶŹַʣիhǿѹ¶ԶŹٶȵľĵѡ
ѣԶȴƺûֻǷⲻ˼ĶŶŹ֣һ۾ȴǵɵͭ壬㡭㵽ô
٣ʦҵĹţţͳŹεЦЦ
ĻֱӾԶһ˿ץĳ嶯ͳ⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ɵɵĶŶŹֿ˺þúþãԶͻȻ꣬ûȥоʦЩܸô
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仰֮󣬶Źֲֲһ䣬ҲѧϰֻҾĶ̫ˣû졭

һ䣬Զիh۬Ȼͬһʱ䣬ȫ͵һŹֵ񣬲΢¶һ˿ɫ
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ȡ仰öŹִΪΣ⻰˵ģԼʦءԶիhҲƵɫ󣬲Щ
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һ仰ȴֱԶիhȫǻһٴĿƵĶ϶Ź֣ѵϽеȫǸ
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ＫطŹҲ૵һ££ȴٴһ˿ŹָСＫطĵףҲԼʲʺۡ
еСƿȫѻһƿϣ
Ĳ˵֪Զ˵һУʵûСƿռڵǸˣСƿǰÿνףҪﵽһѵܳɹ
ֻǵڰǸܳ״ɢ֮ûгֹ
Ĵƿ۷졣
Źָ֪ŬƺҲֶ̫࣬Ȼû֣·ȴҲǰһЩ֪ˣ죬ҪǶ򣬶һ⾳̤죬ʱҲû˵Ҫΰ
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⻹Ƕͨʿ㡭ӵɹҲܸСԶҲӹ˻ЩŹֵĶ˶Ź֡
ʿڳڣӵҲ֮˵ǶŹܰǰȫѻڴϵļһжٳɹʣһɣɣڣһɶ
ǻˣԶضŹֵģ޷Ǿǹǰʱ򣬳ɹ̫͵ĻǾǰٶٿ죬ʲôã
һ뵽ЩԶȴЩûʧ
ӵҲֻ֮ŹĳԾˣϲʿڳƿ֮ʱôաϸ룬ͻȻЩȻʧЦʵɺ죬ѵͺƽôǼʱˡ
һ̣ŹֱӾͿիhʦǻƷô
һʣȴիh˵ɫֱӾͱùŹŹֵ񣬸ǳζƷƷɿЩҪʡأ
ȣ˵ǻƷɣڣҲûмţٴһԶŽҲĽͣŹֲŽһ˿ͷ
⣬ڵĴڽڣǹص˲УΪʿǽڣɻȱҩȴÿһǼΪϡĵر
ҲΪʱţؼҩһʿֹʹáɷȻԽԽ٣ʿȴһֱӣڹʱͨҩڣҲϡƷˣ˵ּÿһгɵʿҪĵҩˡ


122 ڡ
ָôȡŪ֮󣬶ŹҲһ˿ɻ󣬼Ȼڶû͸ڽʮˣɲô˵Ŀǰڽ磬ų֮⣬йڸֵģЩֶ֣ν׵ģ
ŶŹֵʻԶիhһۣŵǧǰһɵλȱǿߣôĴڽʱͬһڣҲڡ
ͬĴڽ磬һȫգ֮⣬ûκߴڵڽ磬ЩȱǿµڵĿģǺĴڽڣʿһʹáɷ󲻹ǸĵرᱻľҲһ·
ڵڣǧķܣ˵ҪĵرˣǽᵤʱҪ컯ԼᵤʿҪĸܺõıǰĴڽ磬ʿҪϡҩǴӵڻȡԭϣ
ҪڣҲô׵ģֻĴڽڣһɵнᵤڸֺǿΪƿһ˿϶ᵤʿڣұÿʮֻУһʱڲСһǸʱ򣬼Ĵڽ磬ڵʿȥȻ漸Ǿһľ棬ǻ˶Դ֮͡
ڵȷǺΣգޣǧķܡ̭Ķǿᵽ˼ĺʿĴڽڣѾÿɵмڽᵤʿһɣҲ޼ڣÿһֻޣвڵΪȽᵤڵޣҲԶĽͣիhҲɫһƺ˻䣬ɷϣЩȱʿǸհԶĴ֮ʿµڣǰʿһ··УԲ˲ٿޡ
ʵ㲻ΪЩĵرڣҲдֵյĹ屦ǻƷΪұģ޷ǾǾµĸ󷨣յԽ࣬ʿʵҲԽǿ󣬵ǧʱ󷨣Ҳʧ˴룬ΪǰȱΪЩʿһ·
ڣвٽɽȫϹŽơɵɽ壬ÿһҪ˽⡢ƳһϹ󷨲ǰЩǾ󷨵ʿ˵Բ컯ȵȡҲ֪ݱһλȱڣоĴڽʧϹ󷨣ִãǾۼΧڵʿʱԶŨܼأ°빦
ɽ壬õһǰʱڵĸϡߴеЩƷֻжɽڸֲʹõĳһЩƷ޶ʿͿʹãȴϵƷƷԼ֮ľܰ塭

Զիh˵ĽͣŹʶ˵ڡڵã˵Ǿһأ
һǧǰʼʧʱӵгǰԶǿޣΪһһӣʿ·治ֹиϡҩݡơ󡢶ȵȣΪʿϡ٣ӵԶĴڽ綼ŨĶ
ֵɡʿΪ֮ĳأò˵ЩǿĹ޲ӵгǰԶΪ˷ֹǰĸϯһգ˲ٵ޿
Щ޵ƣ⣬Ǿᵤʿֻƿһݽᵤµʿͨķ϶ʱ伫̣ÿʮֻ꣬µĴֻڡ
֮ڣޣֻΧĵײޣϻнᵤޣԪӤޡ
իhԶ˵Ǵڻȡĵرˡ΢΢˼һ֮󣬶ŹȴȻĶڽĿģΪ˸ĸѰҿٵĵҩ¶һͨ˫δõѡ޴鷳ϾԺһֱڣ벻עĺ鷳ܣΪĸҸֻǿŮɼҵȵİԼѪȥٵˣ԰֮֡
ò˵ΪŮŹȴŸĸס˥ϣֱ³١δضԸĸõѡ񣬵Ҫȥһԣҵ˵ҩԺøĸԼѡ񣡾ϲԸѡЩҲеԸպʱĪ
ҲֱڽԺһ˽⣬׵ӳĵҩ׻ãǰҲٵĵҩڣҲޱȣһֱڻʵϣһ죬ܴȡЩҩ
Щʱ便ж೤Ҳ֪ӹɵһǣס
ڣڵ飬ȴ·һ⣬һϣ
쵽Ϲʱڵĸϡĵرиֹ֮ȵȣܽȥľԭҺԭҺѧϰһ֮ٻĲҩǾͲٴڵˡ
֮ڣΣգдΪڵޣǶŹҲûаգϵϵһƷϸ⾳֮򲻹ѵӶӲôڽغ󣬶ŹȻֻһϵһƷϸֻҪ̾ͽڣֻҪмСʱʱ䣬ȫͿԶűã
Ҿ׿ĸһأҪʵﵽڣҲҪڻĵر
оǣԶ˵Ϲ󷨣ҲĶѣѧϰͼմΧڵۼһأ°빦˵Ҳˣ
ԣӵתܣﶼһתܣȴֻܰͨתƸµֵβ˻ԣȴ޷ֱͨӱǿ뿴ԼһζġϵŮˣµŶ˥ϣôһ;Ҳǳ£ڷҲĻҲ׾١
֣˼󣬶ŹֱӾ¶⣬ڣǷȥɡ
ʮһΡҲ֪ǵһοʲôʱҪȥǧſǿɾˣҪȺþúþã
΢΢һŹֲ̧ͷիhʦ´εڣʲôʱ䣿
һº󡣡ŹЩеիhҲ΢ɲ͵ضŶŹֵĻֱӾöŹһϲһºʱ䣬Ȼ
իhȴûŹֵϲɫֱӾͼȻѾﵽ߲㣬УҲ˽ڵʸ񣬵ǣûκǻƷɵķĶûգǾҺʦһЩҲ޷ƿأڵĻ̫Σˡ
ÿһŨľ󷨣Լͨ󷨣Ǿǵõķһʩչ֮󣬲֪ôٿԱУǼкûжһ
ǰŹ֣Ȼ߲㣬Ҳ˵ˣͽϲǿֱڣûκǵʱҲδ̫Σˣҿ˰ɣ۬Ҳڴʱ廰ЩֵֹĿŶŹֵȻھڿһ£һڣҪЩ֪ʶѧβٿطڵĸ󷨣Ҳʵ


123 
һ£ȷȻϣӵױȵ츳ڲ֪ʶͽϡԶҲҡҡͷεĿ۶Ź֣ǵǼǰȥҵĵرҲġ
ȷͲҪЩѰȻҪһʹõġ
ллʦӻȥһԡŹȴҡͷܾԶĺ⣬Ҫ֪ȥɲֹΪһ
һŹֵľܾիhϵһ˿ȻƺϵˣЩŹֵĿڵȥҲԣһǰǾһڣһЩ֪ʶãҲֻԱ޷ǡ
իhȻ֪ŹֵԸжǿǿвȥδⲻʲôӡǻΪ
ж˿µҪһڣաͨһ֪ʶ췽ҹ̷
ԣʦ˵ĶԣҪȥҲԣҪաͨһ֪ʶֻоͨʩչҺʦķȻһ޷ʩչһûãԶǰƱŹֱ׵ľܾأһիhĻǰʱһٺ٣ٶٿ죬ôˣͻСƿףΣѾ߲㣬ôҪһЩ֪ʶ
һҲǼﵽĿģֲ̫ѿԹ취ʵ̫ˡ
أǻƷɣȽϾͨɱȽǿĻ󣬷Ƚϼʵ󣬻ֻУԼʱˮ󣬶ÿһдָĸõͼֻҪһʱȫաͨЩǾͬһȥ۬Ҳ˿ڣȴһĴ֮ɫһǰһֱĺܲңֻҪһĿֲٶȣ۬ԼֱǲĿںò״ᣬץסһＫóĶһҪúΪһ£
󡢻ˮУÿĸõ󷨣իh˽³ĻŹֶʱ;ùŹ૵ظһ顣
ֻҪܰϴУڵҫѱ󡭡ˮе󡭡󷨵ͼȫգͨҺʦ־ʹȥŹһĹŹ֮ɫիhȴΪŻˣô󷨣Ҫͨл֮˵һ£ǰ꣬ҲδգֱӾ¶һ˿Ц
ȡԶҲһ΢΢ҡͷʧЦӣһܸ֪Ѷ˰ɡ
ǺðɣҾԡǰλʦųȫһ֮ɫŹȴԽùŹֻܾñȽƽߴ

µĶŹ֣իh΢΢ҡҡͷתԶʦ֣һʱ䣬ҲΪν׼һ˰ɡ
ȷҪ׼һ£׼ʲôҩ»ƷɲԲٿǿķǶ׼һЩûģˡָĵҩǱģȻƣǿȥ
ԶֱӾ͵˵ͷ
hʦ㣬˵Źֻ᲻ղΪ˵һǾˣǰ꣬ҲЩءҲǵʱ۬ͻȻһЦ
ҿ£϶ƴȥЩ֪ʶڷܣû츳ҲիhȻʧЦЦһ֮ееĻ֮پֳͨ󷨣ǻҪҪ˻ˣ
Ҳҿõ
իhЦԶ۬ҲԷ˵͵͵Ц
ò˵Ҳϵõ侹оԭҺ˾ĶҪȻǿ޶

ˣոջصԺԺڣŹ̾͸еիhˣٴڿ뿪˻Ʒɣ¶ʱһ죬ֻȻӦǼȥΪ׼ˡ
󣬶Ź͵һ˿Цһղիhʤȯյ΢ЦһŹָзڡ
һ󷨰ССеĲ֮Ѿأһֳõ󷨣˵իhղᵽǾˣԼѾ³һ󷨡
һΣȴʵڲ㣬һºİȫ¶ӿҲδ̫ˣû㹻ʵիhֲȥ⵹ˡ
ô죿ѵһºĸǣǾ󷨡
΢΢ҡҡͷŹԶ֮Ҳת뿪˻ƷɣֱִʮﴦһСɽںֱӴӴָóһſհ׷Լз˼һ»ͼͿʼ˻ơ
һºô죬ҲбҪϤһЩˣǵģϤЩ󷨵ԭͼ÷ʲôģȴء

ҴһСʱһζסһʱѱͼĿ˿հ׷ڣԭųȻɫһհ׷ʱҲųһɫϼ⡣
ȻѾҵȫƷ֮ѱûгɹδ֪
зŹͳһŻзҪڷţҲʱȴ͵һ٣ԺһֵͷǾǣԭҺɲԺһӽȥ
ԭҺãǻԾԪЩͼصԪҲüȻԾֻʲôĽ
һ뵽Źһ󶯣ԥľȡһξԭҺͺͻзһ˷ڡ
ۡۡ
죬ѱɲǼ⻪ʢɢһֲֿΧؼǷһŷӿͷȴҪȶŹǰЩϵһƷϸǿҵĶࡣ
ͬʱЩͼڵԪȻҲǻ˹һ޹˼ɵľͿʼɣЩԪۿɼٶȳɳ׳󡭡ЩԪ׳ԺѱͼҲô׳࣬ٶȣҲø
ɵɵĿѱյѾԶԶϵһƷӦеļޣŹֵɫ̾ͱùŹ⣬ԭҺȻã
ڵԭҺѱյѾϵһƷϸˣǣա
ֱӾöŹѹԺ󣬶ǰ˲仮亹⣬²ҪΪһųӹɵģڷ˵ͼԽȹ̣ԽǿյԽ࣬Խ󣬿ȴʿԪΪģûӦԪ߽׵ķҲܣڣЩѾͷųȥԪȻΪһξԭҺǻ˹һǿĵ·
ҲڶŹЩ亹ֱʱųѱֹͣգһ˿壬һһͨɫɢҸµķֱӾڶŹǰγɡ
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124 ѧ˺üŻᣬô
뵽ŹֱץѱŸĻɽǱȥʮ͵سתƿռ䣬ѰĿꡣ
Ҳֻһ˲ңһ7.58.7ȦͳĿꡣ
һ˿ЦŹֱӾͳĿǱȥ

ʮʱ䣬һζƷ⣬ضիhˣɽţϸֶ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ּӿ˷ٶȣڼӺ󣬻һԺǰ¡
ʦ֣Ǹ֪ͨλӣΪ׼ˡ˫ŲڵϺիhųԶ
Ȼڣֻޣûޣ˵˭Խȥж쳣ޣʮͨ£ɽڵĵӣΪ߲㡣
뿪£ɵ񣬾ʱϯӴɡԶҲͷԺҲ˼̳ϯӵͷΡ
Ǻǣhʦ㣬ʦ֣ǲ㻽ŹǰûǾôҲʱ۬ȴЦһЩЦĿɽ£Ժλá
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ֹիhˣղŻЦ۬ԼԶҲȫһ£¸ͬʱһ˿ͷԼ˲ŸջɽˣôһֱڹעɽϣΪʲôעѵǾ󷨣
Ҳֻһ˲䣬˾ȫͷǲܣô˵һ֪޷գģ
ͷ㻮իh۬ԶԶһۣ̾ȫ˶Է˼Ǿǵ²ܶŹοǶӦԷҪ
ڣΣˣƾֻйûʵȥ˸ˡ
իhȵɫ̾װŰڰһ̣իhȴһ˿ЦŹְִ֣һ϶£ô֡
Ҳ£ƽע£Źֺܿ͵ִһԺǰλʦųɫЩŹ֣ȫһȴżһ˿ЦϷŰŹֱӾһͷ⼸һڸʲô
ô˵ȳ˲ΰһʦʦ۬ʦ壡
Ź֣ʲô£իhͷ֪ʣǿסЦ⣬Ϊ˽ڵ£ҪΪʦûģҲӦȥġ
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㶵Ŀ˿ǰիhˣŹֳˣɫҲùŹʦ㲻ţڿԸһѱھ֤㿴
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ȡŹٴһƣ⼸һԼ֤Ļᶼã˼һ£ŹֲòεĴӴָͳһԼϵһƷѱ
ȻѱǼ뾫ԭҺĳѱһΣҵֻһ£Źĳ׾ˣֵֻȫߵޣȻǳѱ£Ӿͱ׷ʬս̺󷨵ҲԿͨϵһƷѱĳѱƷҲ˼ķԽ
ڣŹֶɣѱڼ뾫ԭҺѾ˶Ʒܡ
ǣԽʹã߲㣬ͿʩչµȶƷֻʹãɲûгĹԽڼ˾ԭҺ󣬾ȻѱʵķԽԶŹѹЩ¶档
ҲڣһͨɫɢҸµķڶŹкԭɫիhˣֻһɲǼ䣬ȫ׾һ̻ϸС۬ԭЦ˲Ǳ͵һȻֹ
ѱⲻѱô
ΪʲôŹֻУԼģǲܣҪɹǿǱȾͨԭҪѵĶడԼģɢϵһƷϢѱǴģ
ֻһ˲䣬Ӵ־ֵϢӿիhԺֱ˾ȫѱɵˣӶǴͺͲ˼飡
ʦʦ˵ֻҪ⼸󷨣ҾͿȥڵġڣˡȻóͨѱŹҲԥ˲ֶ⼸ŷҫշ
һɢ¹ķԶɤͻȻһΪɱ͵һȹĶŶŹֲŷʣ⡭ⶼԼģ
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˻һŹֿ϶ĵͷԶٴͬʱһͷⲻ˼;Ķ
㿴˺þúþã۬ǻĵǣϴβԼ˵Щ֪ʶôôܲŶʮ죬㲻ѾգԼˣ
ǺѰҵѧϰ˺ü죬ֻǿһ󷨵Ļ֪ʶĶ󷨣ǿ󶮣ѵǺôŹͷһϿҵĻش
ĻֱӾԶȫǰһڣؿһƣֱֱȫȥѧϰ˺ü죬ֻһ󷨵Ļ֪ʶԲ˵ѣ
֪Ϊ˾ͨԼ󷨵֪ʶͺķʱ䣬ٶȣѾԶԶˣΪ۬մմϲãԼⷽ츳Ϊڣǡǡ
һο˿һϿҵĶŹ֣۬һ˲䣬Ѫĳ嶯


125 
ʦʦ۬ʦ壬ڿԺһôɫǵһƬɫƺʱ˵ˣŹȻҲе㺮Լڵɻǲòʳ
ҲʻȫһƺԶˣ͵һٴãԶͷԵĵ˵ͷ

󣬻ƷһԺʮ߲㵽ŲĵӣȫվűԺǰĵǰԶ
Щˣ϶һ˿֮ɫǰߣǼ΢΢Щһʮֵ꣬ȵ˿ԽڵĻᣬȻڣΣշǳһ̺ž޴ջʮǰܻŻôһΣδزܡ
ֻҪܵõ˽ڵϣôһУͶֵˣ
ӵԺܳɹĸҲ֮ҪôɹҪôɥʧһԺ޷ķգ׷¼˵ȴֵȥģȻ·ôÿ˾Ͷ֪ⲻ緲ǰƽӹһ·;
˭˺ǻǰװô꣡
Ȼܶ˶ףԶʱڵʲôȴû˷ʣֻǾ񹧺򡣲ҲɻǾΪʲôʱԶһվģֻ۬һˣիhأ
ҲھĵȴУӰȴͻȻңңʣһ֮еŮӣȴʱߣʱȫһȻţȻիh
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ֻ˰իhǸеӺȴȫˣɫƵ˭
У߲ϵĸ֣ǣƷʲôʱֶôһڵӣΪʲôիhһǰ
ߣһȻ֮ɫԶȴһڵӵĺɣڿիh˺ֱӾһշӣֻżիhʱȴŹֵ΢΢鴤һ£иǳ˹졭
Ǹղһɫƽ۬ڼӺҲĪһ˿Ǳ
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ԶȻҲԸֹڿֲٶȥԶŹֲò˳իh˵˼իh΢ıһò
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ָڣҲ˲ˡָĵĹĵҩ
ĬĬիhУ·ʮȫ壬ڿգŹȻ֪ڵʣЩ΢ҷ磬첻κӰ죬ǴҲǰķͷ
һԲεɫȫһſŶʷȥ
һɣǴʱ䣬ŹҲ֪ٶȣ˶ԶڰպҸ߿֮ϣɼʿȺ壬ȴ𽥶
ʱ¶ѷ죬вڲ
¾ҪˣҾУҪ¡ҲǰңңԳһ޴ɽʱիhȴֱŶŹֵ
Źͷʵʵ˵ǰйڽڵ£իhѾĲˡ
Ҫ룬ǸһɵĶȡʿʸ񣬱Ͼ磬տڷģֻһɼλᵤڸ֡
һ֮⣬ɵʿʱǲҪʲô볡ѵģ߳ʱȴҪԼڵãϽһ룡ȻͻᱻڳڵһǿߣɱأѾ꣬˭Ҳ⡣
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˶ȺʮˣƷɣʮˣ壬ԶɫɽͣƷˣȺΧԵ
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ȴֻۣ֮ǧҲҪ룬ֵƷʱҪһЩʱġ
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ԶĻիh۬ҲԭһԾڿն𣬶ˣŹڣҲ׷˷з
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Զǳĸ΢΢ΰһ£ʲѷ졣
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ո̤ѷڵĻɫϼУŹֱӾ͸еһǿɼģѷȥԼһӣָеǰһٴȵվʵϡ
Ҳͬʱ̾͸еΧֲŨ̶ȣڽı
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ۡۡۡ
ҲʱŹߡҲһ΢ȴǻƷʿڣЩʿǰڵģʱ϶һƬļδģ඼𾪡
ŨǰЩȻҪҺˣ
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ߣҲڼʿзͺʱԶȴɫأ͵ͺǳһٴնֻһΣֻڿ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ȷ̫ŨˣǴץһֻѼ칷Žʮ겻ҲлĿܣҲͲΪ棬ΪʲôôΣˡ
ȻڵڣҲޣЩޣҲһֱΪʲôȴڵŨʵ˿ֵ֣ڵ˵ԲҲǶֻޣڣκһɣнˣɣˣԲ֮ڣ²ǧʱڣȽ֮£Ĳ໹Ǻܴ󣬵ǧۻʹöˡ
ڸϡĵرǲģֻԣȻ˷˲ҩϣȴ˷̫ϣʿһöƷҩĸҪ˷ѴҩǧۻһǻӻһĶ࣬γһõ̬ѭϵͳ
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ҲתͷʱǸڴٴα˦ʿ
ʦôֲʮ꣬´ڿʱٳȥһ⣿
ҲʱƷһڰ˲ĵӣѹеľȣǰԶСĿڵ
ȷʮ꿪һΣʮ꣬ǡ
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ֻޣÿһֻޣ˫ֵȻŹûиоֻޣֻɢ⾳ܣû⾳ߴʮֵٴ߶ľֵҲǳصġ
һʮ˵ʿֵҲ٣Χֻ޶ԺӰֵߴ45ϣȫڣûܺޱȼǣǿԪǿķҲռ˾ԵϷ硣
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зֹҩһսʿȺ壬ҲǼܣ࣬Źֶ֪˵ؾ뵱ڳھ˶Զʱ
ǰ͵ͷеԶ͵ֹͣһ֣ͣ
ģϷûָ͵ҩҪսˣ
ҲԶĻʮƷʿȫǾһ񣬿Ҫսˣ˵ǰֵƴˣ
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ҴƬ̹ʮʿҲȫùָʢ״̬Զһ֣ٴǰͷɣҲʮӺŴɽֵ·죬˺ܿ͵ִһΨɽȵء
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ʵҲûг˵ԤϣһĶ֮ԶԭһŵɫֱӾи
ڴʱŹȴ͵ؾͱӣһɷΣյϢֱӾĶƽ޲ˮ̶档


127 ȸں
ƺΪ˻ӦŹֵľ裬һͻĻˮһ˶׳ĺӰֱӾˮż˿ɫƣϿա
⣬һֻͨīɫ峤ףһޣ׳ۼףӷ֮ĺѩצֱ̣һֻճľޣ
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ܵǹȻ٣ٵıɱµʿڵԪȫ͵һͣٴοʼתʱȻȸղɢࡣ
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Ҳˮʱһ͵͵ľֱӾʹԶԶիh˵ȣҲȫɫ
Ϊڵʿֹһγڣйڵĸϡĵرֻǿ޵ȣȫһ˵ͼģƳһ򣬷ַҪڵʿޣްߵĿֲޡ
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ҲͬʱɫΪҵԶ˲Ҳһ˿İֱӵʦãֻһֻǰڵĺޡ
ǵģȻǰԶˣŹֵΪʱһֱǿ̽壬жϳǿһʿޣԪԪĵ£ϣҲжϳǿ
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һߣʱҲڱը֮󣬷һ˿ңҿﻹһԶȻ
˵Ԥϣе̻ûɢȥһȶıɱֱֱʹдޣû
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ڵԶȫʩչϵȶƷŴﵽЧɲһķȫǾ󷨣ϣһ󷨳ͣҲԶһķҪ󡭡

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ҲĵȴУիhڿռ৵һͷɻɽȿڣ۬Ŷעˮ档ֹƬ̣ŻһˮԶӰֱӾʹ̶׳
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128 ɱ˶ᱦ
ʮӰⶼһ㲻ͬɫʵĻ⣬ңȫƾշУ
Ҳֱʾ˶Էݣʮǿߣ
ֻһ˲䣬ȿڷԶϲɫδ˵իh۬ȫһʱɫ䡣
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Ҳʱɱ˶ᱦڱףôͻ˺ԥȥʿڷϣ˭Ҳ֪ԷĴָ﾿ʲôôȻȥɱ˶ᱦڣ³ֵһʿȴǿǰѰ˸ҺԶõһ껯ݡ
ݣ컯ҩ֮һ컯ڣ׽ᵤڵıƷȻʿᵤǰҪ鸮һСľǹɥҪϸУԪɽ𵤣û컯ĸҲǲܵ£
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ͬʱիhֱңͷųȥķ˲ͽʮķֱֱʮʿȥ
Ǹԭֻⷢһ㵭ķڸ˵ĹУֱҡһ䣬ûɫһɫߣˡ
󣿡
Щɫ߲Ÿ𣬶һǿֱӾͷһЦ󷨶ڲƵ˵Ȼ޴󣬱ޣһЩþս

һƿһڰ;Уӭһţһɳ̵ĺɫ޽ֱֱͼдϢնիhе·һȥĹ˸ɫҲԹĶһõĻƹ⣬ǰիhֱֱй¡
ֻһ˲䣬ͷիhеȥ·
ʣİҲǷֳɣĸΧ׷Զն۬ʣһݺݵֱڶŹֵмһɫһ͵һ˺գѹһߡ


ΣûʱʩչիhԶһʱ͵سͺһ
һžҵǿ⣬ֱӾʹԶ࣬իh࣬һΧɫ
䣡

ӰȫֱԱȵըΧ׷Զ˵İ˼ȫܵ޴ĳӰ죬͵һͣڶŹֵʿ֮ĴɫҲ˲ȫըۣʮʿȥ
ӣһͺȣһҰ֮ɫիhֱӾͳǼͣ͵һǣأ৵һɵŹǰݷ˵ץֱֱֱۣͳź󷽵ɽȿռ䣬ٷȥ
ԶǳǧѷĻᣬǿҡҡ׹ӣֱӲҡҡ׹ӣٴǿд߷һŷֻ˲䣬һˮֱӾʹܱ
Ҳˮֵһ̣һʿ͵ؾһɫ䣬Ϊ׵̺е󣬶סгڣ죡
ҲͬʱԶҲֱ˶У˷ɢ룬죡
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ͷŸ𣬾ֻիhһҩ裬˵ٶȣ͵ؾǱһأիhĽ£Ҳһ˸ķɽ
˲䱩ٶȣȴöŹҲ͵һǷ֣ʩչһ߳似ǾȫʩչﵽھҲ޷Խһ߳壬ȴ֮ʩչȻһ·ɹ²Ҫϰޡ
͵һҧֱӾóһϸ׼ϸʩչ⾳֮ͷʲô˲ˡ
׼ϸʱವһը죬Ҳֱֱƿ˲ʣҲͬʱΧ֮⣬Ҳ̾˵ͺȡ
ݲڡԾɱ
ӰǾͺֱ֮ӾͿٲٿз׷ٶȣҪիhڵٶҪö࣬˲䲻۽˰֮ڡ
ԽƶϵˣһɫիhͻȻһ˿ɫһĨ͵ӿ֣ӣ̾һ৵һʧ˵أһγʱѾ֮⡣
һ̣իh͵ؾһ죬ӿ³һѪԭɫ֣Ҳ˲ɢ˸ˤ·ɽ·ֱֱ䡣
ʦŹִ󾪣һУʵ̫ˣһΣԷϮ쵽ֻǿ˵ֵիhݣǿ쵽еϸûеڣҲѹ˲ٴ߷ϸֱӾͲٿطɽǱȥҪסիh͵ؾͱס˲סիh
Ҳһ˲䣬һɼΣյϢֱӾԿֲ׵ٶȣֱƶ
Źָոھǹ֮ɱѾ䵽ǰ֮⣬⣡
һ̴ֱ̣׹˸Ļɫ⻪ٶȣԶŹֵҲ޷˲ܣֻ˲ϢǼͷһɫâˣĿһ׹⣬ֱ

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ֱѹµһ׹⣬ֱӾնڶŹֵɫϣһ飬˲Ϣնիhӯ⣬˺ǲâݺݵֱիhϣ


129 һֻȭͷ
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Ӳ͵תͷŰһһʿǸЯŮޣѾҵҫվشԣֻʣһڵСޣȥ
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Ծ˵ϻǿʦֽ
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ҲҪߵķ˵һ󷨣ķˣԾҲβŽϸС

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130 ȸج
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һ㣬һɭĽ⣬һ˺ܱߵĿǿܱ̽ÿһգֻҪԷһȴģ;ǺĨɱ


131 ֮£جοʼ
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׷ˣV־Ȼͬʱɫ䣬ղʩչط˵ϢٻЩңȻʲôһ̣ȴټʩչطˡ
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Ҳһ䣬ʿҲֱһݣϵɢһ˲˲İѷԲǧ֮ڵĿͰ
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һȫٴ䱸һֱӼеһöɽ״Ӧһ䣬ʮ׸£ݺ򱳺
⵽ʲô
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ΣܵΧռйŹֲƺʲôҪðԼ˷κȴʲôҲûʿȫһͷˮǽ֡
ҲʱһǰʿȴͻȻҽһͷ⾪ֵĵãҵĹ˥ˡ

ֻǶ̶˲䣬ֵֻǸոԽǰڣֻ20.3ʿֱӾһǿҵ˥У͵ص˵9.5ֱֵӾµ䡣ڣ޷շУֻ

ʿУȡзҴ󲿷˶ΪǾ书˥ˣ͵һʱһֲģȫ¶ںɫ֮еӰֱӾ˲ۣһֻƵֱۣȻ
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ˣתطӣֻ̫Ǽ֮ҳڣǱʦֻϣ֮󣬷V͵طһУٴιĵԪ
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ڴȵĹУVĽ䱸ĻˣҲ͵һ飬ٴο߿֮ϵƣԼЩʱȫη塣

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ৣৣৣ
һֲĶʿȫһƬݹУݡ
ҲУһҽУֱӾʹ󷽷

ŲҽУΪ͵һǰʿֱӾֱǸֲļһһ飡
⵽ʲô
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ʿ޵Ķˣ̶̼Ӷѣɥʧһڸ֡
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Ъ˹ľУһʿ˫ͨĶңشģȴһƬӿϮĹ˥˸С

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ȫûں֮УŹ΢΢պһеĺ꣬ƺһ˲䣬΢΢øٴۣе᷺꣬˵ͳĺâ
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󣬼ӵͬʿԪ
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һУֱӾöŹһ٣Ȼڼģɽᵤɹʣ⹦֮ڣᵽİ
ͿϸʿϸУγһӸ
ٴδҴҿһۣŹ˫һ˿ϲͬʱҪļҩҲĿʶڡ


134 ϸƣǿ
ѩӨݡҶҹʱ䶼ҪѰҵǼҩݣ
ϲ󣬶ŹֱӾʹԭվóһϸĬĬʼתȷԲʮ֮ڣٴһƬϸʱĬĬۣΪĿ̽鷽Բʮ֮ڣûǼּеҩݡ
÷ѰҩȴԶԶõĶࡣ
իhĴָڣѾ˰˿ڵֻҪҩݣЩ
ȻҲֻҪЩʱ취Ҳ٣

ҴٴۣŹֱһ˿Σʮ֮ڣûԼҩݣмֻڱϸ֮󣬲ֱķһŭ
һֻޣֱӾʹԭس𣬴ǧ֮ϵƲ֮УϾһתϸ󣬲ûںϽ֮ƣǹϢҲô޼ɵ
ҴұիhŹӭƣݣϸıԵŹ֣һɫĹӰֱӾڹƲವһԽ룬С
ЪŹٴμϸסʮ﷽Բ

ҴҰһֱűԵش֮أŹȴûҵ¼еҩݣеիhֵȴŵ7.3ĵز
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ҲΪһֱڵıԵشϾ̫ĻһСľᵤޣ鷳ʹˣô֮ûκջҲԽԽ
ˣΣգҲҪȥԣ
˼֮󣬶Źһҧٴóһϸ˷ڵͼ

һϸһµĴٴγͣһζŹֱӾͿŷǱȥ
ڣĴڽʿ֮أΧ鲼ޣҲΪģֻǰڡڵΪ൱ڵޣϡ٣ˣͨʿҲǾһ
ұԵشĸĵرҲ㹻ʿȡˡ˼ȥӹɵһǣԽ룬ԽΣգкޣнᵤڡԪӤڡ
ףѩӨݣ
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ڱԵƷɻС֮⡣
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ߣɫԽһ˰ԷֻһˣͻɱϻţŸʿҲΪԷĳ֣ɱϻڶʿ޷ǿƵԶԻ󣬵ûʧСǼö
ȻҲ֪ǸһǴðģǰǸشŮһߵʿVˣֱڣûԷĿɸ֡
ڣܶԷ˭ںˣ
ΣһҪҵ
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޷׽мһ㣬ֻҪڣͲ̫˼ҫվһԶԷټķȻҲիhʩչطӶݺԶһ˶ԷΪﵽᵤڣпҫվǸһȴǽᵤǿߣȻV־ȻҲ϶ˣ
һֻǿڵʿѣȻϻʧһ͵ʴһףӣһҪԷٱĳ
ʦ֡ɫаɫâֵVȴһ亹Сʦֺʦ֡
һ׷ɱ۬ͻƷʿϻŸ֣V˵ɫ΢΢ЩŹ֡
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ܣϻţôùɣΪǸĹϵξɱŻʧܡʦֺʦǱߡԲٳ⡣껰֮󣬷Væĵ°԰οԼʿʿҲ⣬ǿϻţʷùĻȸˡ
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ʿûзʣЩƵĵʦ𷣣ʦУûŮޡ
ôܣųڣV־ȻȻڰ׷ɱһǰڵʿȻ޹أ
ŮѾͣɣ˭֪ͻȻһڵʿһ֣Ȼʦʿó䣬ӣ׷ɱգǡ
Ľ˵ԭٴȥɫ͵ؾһǣƾ³һѪ״ľЦããã
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Vȼ״ȴͬʱһ̼Ҳֽš

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ӣҲǱʻгһײϵͨһֱֱź׷ɣ;ֱֱײʮŲ׷׾룬һƬѵľ̮Уһһ˺ϱľ޴ϡ
һͿȣӿֱֱ³һѪŹֲһ·Ǻһ̣ײöƵأ˵档
شʷһΣ˴ˣ޴ڵʹУһиһ۵ֱʹȥȴ֪һ̣ԲΣˣǵȴիhģԾ
ԶŹּҧӴָȡһϸ

Ҳڷոճʱֻȴٴ̧޴Ľƣ̤գȳһ޴鲨ٴγŶŹֳ
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Ҫжð֤˭Ƭص
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죡Ҫ죡
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ҲʱVȵȣȫ͵һϣȫ¶һ˿⣬ǰסҫվֱֱһ࣬һĲùֱֱʹӾ緢һϸͱʮգ
ˣ
ٺ٣һΣӣ
ҵĵͺУʿǰɫҲһֱֱҫվĺ⣬óգ˵ķǷ׷׽䱸ҡ

ҫ۵Ĺâֱ·ʲôûյǸɫҲһӾ˸գֿٱʿջࡣ
Ȼ޹Ǵʱϻʿϣȴûһ˿ɥȫ¶һ˿ɡ
ҫվϻţΪصķֻҪڵһγ֮ǰʿ˵ϢҫվôԺ󣬼ԷʩߵֻҪҫվԪһֱԶС
һȷЩŹ֣֮£ղһ˿춯ܱ֮ٴλָƽô̽״һ˿Źֱ֣Ӵ߶Ԫٴμҫվ

һɱ֮⣬ֱӾͶ׼ͷϿգҫȥ;·еϸͱ˲
ಣ
Ҳ׹ͻ׸߿֮󣬷V˲͵ؿߴһƬֱУһ˿
ܣٴߣٿҫվ˲ּһ׹⡣
ۣ
׹Ÿո߿֮ԭƽƣٴһ
ۣۣۣۣ
֣ҫվڣٴ׹ⲻ䣬һɢĹɱֱֱ׷Ĩһδξɱϡ
䣡
ڣһν׷ϵ׹Уһ죬һӰֱӾͱһ׹͵һºƣϵ䡣
ˣһӰV˶Ǵϲ˶ݹ⼫죬ܺΪһ壬ҫվĹɱȴֻ졣
ۣ
Ƶ˲䣬ŹֱӾʹӿһѪǰһʹǰҲѱһ׹⣬˺ĺӰ
ò˵³һѪ֮󣬶Ź£ȴֻϲ⡣
ٶȿ죿ٶȿ죿
ǰ֪͵֪ôһԶĿķ֮ǰֱǿϮѡ̽Ե͵ϮӭģǵصĹɱ
׹⣬ŹҲΪǿ̹ģǹɱԶիhķͷ֮һիhϸݻ١
֮ǰҲӲ׹⣬ڸղţǼ׹ֱ˶ʱѾûʱܣԣֻеϺִٵֵ
ҲϺӲǼ׹⣡
ˣֻǱ׹ನ𵽣ǰ¶ѣˣԣԺԣ
£ֻпϲղûתھ׼ڵϺֻǿϺĽ壬Ǽǹɱѡ
ѾˣԹԽǼһʹһЩһŹֵǿѪ͵ѹסҫվĹֻǲٿűŹâŲ俪ڡ
£һѾ˴׸򣬻õ˵Ȼɱ֮ҲֱӻȡԷĴָղôʱ䣬ֱڲųһϣͲˡ
ҪɱҲһ̣ûֱɱ֡
־ȻˣҲȫٿŷʱ׼ȫŶŹ֣ɱ
ڼɲļһȷѾش׸ˣ
ע£ŹȴͻȻЦˣ̧֣ĵϺᵲǰ
ҲƵƶһεϸ꣬žžڽϣһ졣
ף
Ϻͨ͸ղֱʱ֮ˣǺȻҲΪ˵עȫڶŹϣûע֮Ƿ
ʱڿΣ˳Ž󣬼ž
зһ֮󣬷Vȴ͵һŭЦҿǲ֪
ԭ󣬻ŨŨĿ־֮⣬ŹѾشԷVµľ⣬ɢֻʣǻĳ޺ŭ⣬ŭ֮󣬷VֱӲٿǸԲ򷨱Ҳȵߣֱ˶Źֵֽš
Ͳţһ֮Цó
VɱҲ֮¶һ֮⣬ƺǰ֮ˣѾ׳һˡ
Ҳһ̣һȶֲֿıϢȴֱӴӶŹǰǱ͸ĳУӿ

Ŵﵽڵھתԭ͸ɫϺֱӾͱһŰ׹⣬˲ѩ
ꡭ
ǵصĺ£ҲϺ͸תΪѩ֮͵˳ΧƣѸٿʼܱߵһУ
޾ĺӿĶǼȵϮȥ
¡
һŹֵ죬Ǽߣһ룬ֱӾͱֲĺѸᣬһߣһɢ
ף
ô£
ֲı֮⣬𷽂V֮󣬲ûֱֱֹͣ˶ȥֻ˲䣬磬ȫһƬ硣
ڸԵķͷ֮ڣ˵ްһ˿˿˳ŷڵĿֲһȫǷ׷ɫ䲻ֹ
ƣ
ɫУ־Ȼ࣬ʢŻɫȼһڻ˼ߵı㡣
ҲͬʱϺĶŹ֣ȴ͵ϡ

һ£ɫ˲ͱᣬеһȫȼյ̬˱񡣶žžһ
⵽ô£Ǳ
Ķᣬѣ־ȻֱһѪVˣȫǴɫĶ˶ŹУתѩɫϺ
⣬ʲôȻӵ˿ֲı֮־ȻǸϵȶƷֻһͱ˺飿


140 ϺƷ
ƷǳƷ
һ£ǸԲ򷨱ջеķVͻȻһۣ޾̰֮ɫһ£иǷһŲ֮ľ
ǰ˵ΪԶԣǽᵤڣһΪҲѴﵽڵ־ȻٿһϵȶƷȴڶԷĹ֮£һ顣
ֻ˵ԷеķǳԽƷ޶ʿߵȵƷȴʿʹõĳƷ
Ȼ־ȻĻɫױ顣
ҲŷV޵ľУȫ͵ˣŹڣҲûϺǳƷ
ҲֻƬ̣˾Ͷӳ˹
ǳƷȻǳƷ
ѽ
ȻǳƷһҪ

߽ૼ־ȻˣȫĿޱȵĶ˶ŹеϺֱ
Ź֣㶹ֱ֮תһУȻϺ԰ڵϺӵЧҲûϵֻһն־ȻϵȶƷ
ڣЩǴҪģһƷϢǴȥ²ǡ
˫ɱ䣬Źһݹ㣬ֱֱն򱻷Χŵ־Ȼ
ã
Сģ
Ӱ˶ͬʱУһ˲Ϣҫվмһǿ׹⣬ֱ˶Ź֡
䣡
޾ı㣬ֱӾͱ׹һڻдſֲƣ׼Ź־ǵͷ¡
ۿѾ޷ܣŹھٴϺٴαһɫʣһݺն⡣
ۣ
ȵıϢһն⵱Уһ죬һıֱۣӾɱͷ˲Ϣӡ
ꡭ
Ĺ·˲ͱȫ⣬ֲıϢ˳Ź·ӣֱҫվ
;ķͻ֣ǿֲı͵һͣͺһס֣һԲͻ֣ױ⣡
̡
ֱ⣬Ȼûѵƣֻȴ͵ظеԼڵԪתٶȣֱӾͻʱɫ䡣
ӣ
һҫվɱ֮⣬ĶƷͷƣ˵ŵˣɫУֱӾͿھС
һûƷʱ򣬾ѾѲֻ֮пҫվϣ׷ڣȻҫվĹɱǡ
ӣ
ŹһЦֱӻӶϺ৵һ־Ȼǰıڣٴλӻ¡
ꡭ
ѩ׵Ľ壬־Ȼͻܵһֱ̣Ӿַһ󶳽Ҳֻ˲Ϣ־Ȼķͻֱ֣ӾͱѣӣҲٴһ
̶Ƭ̣һ٣ĴˣԲС
Ź֣ȴûиᣬֱӻӽ֮¡
ٶУϺĽ壬û־ȻڵʿѾ͵ط衣
һȥһѩɫ⸲ǵѩˡ
ʯ֮䣬Ź⣬־Ȼ޾Ļֺ̿;Уһ˿Ȼ

ڵԪڿֲϮ£ı־ȻڴʱǾֵ˼㣬
Ϣ
ٽ޵ľУ־ȻֱƺһһƷҲͺȣһըѶ

ֲˣһ˲䣬ֱӻӾ£ܱ޾еˣҲֻһ˲䣬ֱȵĺֱֱ˷Բ֮ڡ

ȻѾϺĺԱƣҲΪ־ȻȡһٴŭһһѤĹ⻪ֱӾʹ
䣡
ԭİױأֱӾһ֮˲ˢһֱĴ
ʧļ־ȻɫһҡΣӸ߿е䣬ǿΣֱֱɶݡ
ۣ
ۣ
ֲУϺһǰһԱγɵţŹֵӣҲϸ֮У˲ϢݵȻ
Ž죬ĳֱӴȻһţǰһӣ׶˵ܡ
еһУ֮ڣһʿױֱֱͿˣһͷƤը
죬ס
ޱ֮Уٴμҫվ͵һõ׹⣬˶£ˣֱֱٿŸԵķƳܱߵı㡣
ۣ
ƣѸ˾ڣŹٴһеϺնǿ⵱Уžž춯˳·ӡ
䣡
ҲʱֱӴӴָУóһֱԱһѤĹ⻪Χı㣬ڱȫըѣĸʿȫǾޱȵģԵطˢˢݡ
ӣӣӣ
Ʒ֮£֣ܷӳƷӦǶԷķȴ׶ᣬͨĶƷսѰ·
˭ҲûϵԭΪǱɱ֣֮ԷȻ
ৣ
Ź˫ۺһ߶Լڵھ鲼Ϻһɿֲĺ⣬ֱӾ˳ϸ꣬ⶳһСһХĺˣ׷ǰӰһ׵ɫֱֱգ¡
žž
Ķǰӵı㣬֯һص֮һĸƴݵʿУٴκһƬɫɷס
ȫӻϺ֮󣬶Źֵ壬ȴ͵һʧ˵أһ̣ٳʱѾ󷽵

һеɱϢն£ɶݵֻüһһƬžž춯УΡ
ৣ
Źٴһֳʿһ»ӻžžĽᶳҲӻ˶Էٶȡ
Ҳʱ󷽷ӵĺϢٴֱ׷ϣ˲Ź֡ʿӣȫû˱ڡ
ò˵γ֮ǰͷVȴڶ֮£ٷɶݳ￪⣬ֻһߣҪݳϸΧ
һҲתŹٴϸ꣬Զ

һγʱѾִϸԵŷɳϸǧ֮ķVֱͳһϸƴ߷
ΣһҪӳȥ
ɫ׵ɥ֮ȮķVдҴɨһֻۣһˣһٴ³󣬾һҧݡ
ֻҲʱһӴӰ̿ʼٵĴһͷЩεƣVһ৵һ¾ʧȥѪɫ
ˣ󷨡
ʦ֣ͷľһVֱֱǰ֮
ƴˣһҪӵ
һΣٲ͵طһѤõĹҫվ৵һϸ߿գٴαһǵصɱֱ֮˺󷽡


141 ³

ֱ˶ɱ֮⣬ŹһϺ˲Ϣ׹⣬һϸҲ৵һͱϣ󣬱յƣ˲Ϣ˷ڡ
һ֮ͷVٴԶݣŹһֱ̾ӷȡԭҺӽС
һ߳似ֱıӰһϡ
䣡
ǧ׾룬һţһ޴ײݵֱӾͱһֲ߳ĳƣֱֱװؽһӲɽʯڡ
ʦ֣ں󷽵ķVҶԷĲ󣬱һ˿ϲɫӿգͼǶߵķһײƶˣʱ󾪣Ҳ͵
Ź֣ȴû˿ͣͣǿ屻ľ֮УٴVһϡ

ˣ
һζݻѩȣŹ£ҲһһϺǳƷܣҲԱȫˣȻҪ޾ķ
ڣֻʣҵҶȻˡ
֮ǰҪѩ֮ڣʲôֹիhԪ˥ˣΪʲôһȣֵͿʼţһȣֹͣʧ
ѲɣѳƷãü˼УŹһѱիhһϺٴγȣȴϲ
ϺһʱիhֵȻֹͣʧ
̫ˣⳬƷȻǸһϲã֪һ֮󣬶Ź룬ûмֱ뿪ѩȣǱ˻ȥիhʼϺ
գһΣĵΣص׵ĺҲӵӿڣΣ߰˵ΣôػأǱص׶ʮΡ
һϣоڵϺѾյ˼ޣŹֱӾͶݳȵأҲӰأĵ棬ֱӾžž˼Ӳı㡣

ŹּæһϢķת֮⾳˲Ϣøոսᶳıˣ͵ڵأóϺʼ
õ֮ûаԼıأҴƬ̶ŹϺһţս˴ռ䣬һԾ𣬱իhٴóһϸչء
Բʮ֮ڣϸأһҲĲ׽ڡڼ䣬̺֮ҩݣֱֱεһΣҲвޣһ̣Ŵķʾ
ЩŹһŲŲʣֻǿԺлҶϵҩݣҴɨǰһƬɽ֣ûκη֣ǰѰʱ
ǰ⣬һ̶ڵȴ͵סߡ
ıˮϣԼԲһ֮أȻҶïĳһֲ
УĿģǱˮأһŸԼ׵ĴӨɣѩ֦ҶһͶŹӡеϣǣҲδ̫˰ɣ׸ߣϰٿŹʵ
һȣǰƷɷֵǿֱֲ
ңųֻǴֲ߽Ǵһѣڣһһ׶ߵ֦ȥش߰ƬһҶ
ǣҶУҶͨһһҶŻҶȴаƬҶӣ
󣬻һ껯ݡЩɶ컯ҩҲǴĳ棬ȫͼز
֮⣬ҩݣȻŹֲʶɢŨҲһʾЩȫѵһҩ

Σǲǿþˣ
㶵͸ϸ꣬ۿ˺þãŹһӾȫ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
Ƭˮ̶ϵһУģҲ̫˼ˣ
ôҩȫϡޱȵҩÿһô󣬾ȻȫһƬһ׷Բˮϣǳˮ棿Ĳ˼飿
Ȼ˵ڵĵرĴڽôʿֵۺҩһ𣬻öŹһľ
ΣøղſһĻЩ١
һᣬŹһ飬ٴ͸Ļȥ̽һУϸϸı£óĽۣٴһĿɿڴһУģ
ϸܸоЩҩεϢƬˮ̶Ҳûзκޡ
һΣˣҶжһȻϰٿŹʵϵѩӨݣҩݾȫˣ
ôһжģŹֶʱױȣֱӾͱիh򵱵ء
ڵ̶ִ֮פϸĸӦһɲ˿ΣϢڣŹָһһһЩҩóĽۣЩܲˡ
ǰһУģһƬˮ̶ϣĳôϡޱȵҩÿһǴףû˿Σա
Լ˺ˣʵǰôΣɻҲֻһжġ
Ź֡
𾪣ŹֵգѡԼԼֱӾϲķ˹ȥĿֱȡҶ
Ҳָ껳ҶҶʱΧľȴͻȻһ䣬һΡĸɽֱӾʹԭƾðһֲҲ˲俪ʼ
ŹֵӣֱµµĹУ£ȴ͵һɣһŹֱֵð
Ҿ֪ôģȻ塭
ǰôҩû޿ûһΣգÿһ궼ʢĲ˼飬ôأ
˹Ź֣ŹַһµĹУϽԤϣһ̣ԪھȻȫ޷ת
һ£ųɫ䡣
⵽ô£
ԺдҴһ˼һͨ죬ŹҲȲ˵ϡ
󣬵ѹļ£ʱȴֱӷԼһŹֿռ䣬ֻһʮɡ׿ʮɵɽ֮⣬һУǻããģ߶ܰ
Źִʱվɽɽ¡
ڣɽܣв޺ǡ
ɽϣȴǡʵĺܡ
ǰŹĴϡҩʱȫɢţɽϡ
߸ϵɽһƬƬ⣬ס˸ϡԿ֮࡭
Ԫ޷תھ޷ת
һ£ȶŹٴתڵھԪ޹͵һԺУҲɶֹðһɽ
ڣŲٽɽɽСȫϹɣÿһҪƳһ󷨲Уڽɽռڣе֪ʶ޷תԪֻе̤֮УŴתԪŻֱָƳǰ󷨣һеԪͻᱻٴѹơ
Ҫ߳ɽҲֻһ취Ǿһ·Ƴ󷨣ֱɽۣÿһɽɽۣϹ伮ȵȡ
Ҳ˽ɽ֮󣬵ȶŹٴ̧ͷɽɽЩĳҩʱ²ٴһ˿ЦɽȻǱеıأЩĵرͨشС˵ɽЩ伮ˡ
ǣһɽɽšɽǴʬǡ
һ̣Ź־ͿɽףҲ෽ֱֱʮףͣסӣһƬɽ壬ڶŹϷ⣬ģǿŴĿŵֱ״ǿŻҶ
׶ѣֻҪ߹ףҶѩӨݣͶȫˡ


142 Ľ
˷ܣּվɽȥ·ϣŹһԾſ󱳵իh͹ϵǰ̤һ
ɽɣʿͨ󷨣Ȼֻ·һŹ֣ԴȴΪͨٻƷɼص󷨣иһ󷨵ԭѱĻ˸ףԴʱģǼġ
Ҳһƣٴͻ䣬ԭƽɽ·˲Ϣͻûһռ䣬ܵһУûϼǿҵΣոУҲӶŹǰͬʱϮ
ಣ
ٴοתھԪŹշӣǰлƣŷ֣ϮڴСĻ
ͱЩƣȴֲȫǡŻڹպײһȴֱ𣬶ըѣŹԺֱһͷͬһʱ䣬󷨽ṹͼҲֱӸС
ҲʱڣٴֳڴĻҡҡ׼˶Ź֣ˣһ飬Źɫ䣬ٴתΣ˻˻УٴθֳĿŻ
һδ˻գԽԽֱ࣬·ŹֲεȡϺһɱһ֮أ̾Ͷһһҵĺܡ
ֺܳ󣬶ŹֲٴĻֻǿ˼ͼȻյһһԭȥۿǰ󷨣Ѱۡ
⣬ǻƷصһ󷨣չԭʩɣż飬ÿһв̤Ļ򹥻ŹڵϺϺɵĺܣȴκλֱ֮ӱɢ
ԣһСʱԺΣҵۣͣ˵ء
ͨڣ۲ĬĬ´нṹͼʶ󷨵һУŹֲŴݵ뿪
һ̤ʱǰľۣȻһٴλصǰɽϡǰɽ£ֻһС֮ңҡ
׵Ļ󷨣һСʱɽٻнٲ̾ϢһŹٴ̤һƣͻ䡣
һΣǼСʱŹֲ߳վԭأϸ˼һ¸ղеĸԼջżᶨ˵

ɽ֮⣬һһЩǱӰֱֱʹӱˮ̶ϿգѸٷɹ
ҲֻƬ̺ӰȴͻȻ͵ת˻ɫ΢΢ЩʿֱӾԭء
Ķ·ˮ̶Ƭҩ˺þãʿ͵һ󼤶ҵˣڵĽɽҵˣ
ʿһڣڽʿ֪йڵһУԶʿö࣬ڣֻɽ
޺еǧɽӣֻôһɽڵĴ󣬸ֻһϹ󷨣ÿʮ꣬ڵλãȻתơڣÿת֮ɽ¶ۣвСı仯ͨʿỳһɽ
ͨʿУΪкܶ಻ͬĽɽΪڵĵմӣʿȴĴǰڽ伮ֻ֪ǽɽŸֻ󷨵ת仯Ĳͬˡ
ܶʱ򣬲һѰңʱȥɽӰģû֪
ʵ˵ڣڿ̽ĵشصɾɽ
ò˵ɽҲп̽ĵشڣΣյĵطڵһοڽɽٻ߳ģûһˣԺܶʱ½ɽڵλúۣҲδ˸ҽȥ
ʿȴͬѰʿ޵һֱȤģ󷨣츳ķ棬Ҳ󷨣һֱеģһ󷨣˵Դ󷨷ֳѰ츳󣬼һֱˣɽѶġ
ʱ䣬ֹһΪڣǾͨصһԭִ󣬸Ǿͨеԭһڵڣڣóһţ
ʮǰһڿ֮գ;ĽɽһˣЩᵤڵĳϣģʮ꣬ʮ֪ʶ
ڣ֪һѧѾﵽһޣⶼܻ߳ɽԺҲˣϾе֪ʶˡ
һΣڵΨһĿģǳǰĽɽ
ҲֱֱգյɽУҵ˵ط
һֲ̽һָڣΪ˳սĸֵҩʿһģŽɽȥ
ʱ䣬һֱױȵȤԼ󷨵̣ʿģӴԼӸţ
ŷУָҪһݵ֦Ҷʱ磬Ȼһ䣬ʿԾ䣬׹˽ɽɽŵء
̽һ£ִʱԪȻ޷תʿ¶һ˿Ц⣬ɽˣ
ҲʱʿϵЦ⣬ȴ͵һʹ
ˣôܣ
ʵûϵﾹȻˣԼڼҵɽڶѰңҹĵطͲϹܣڼڣҵ˵ط˭֪ѾѾһʿ
ѲɣһֱӾͽˣҲδ̫ˣ˵ֻǶˣڵڼǣһϻһ˵ʿֱѰ·
Ǹ˾֪ҪƳһƵĴ󣬱ǼΪΣյ飬˵ٴһƿˣ
˼ĵһʱ䣬ʿͰǰжΪ˱֮ˣֻǲ֪Էڵڼѡ
ٴεЦһʿȥ⣬Ѿ߳ĶŹֱ֣Ӿɨɨң׼ɽ崦һɽ˵һ


һŹ߳˵͵һ٣Ϳ󷽲ԶڼĿվԼʮҵʿ󣬶Źһ죬漴ͻȻҲǸ̤ɽʿ
ҪƳЩ󷨣ͦѵģ߶ã
ĬĬ˼һ£Źٴתʼ˼ղڵڵĸá
ôһʮӣ͵ۣ§һ±իh̤˵Ĳ

ƳһˣһСʱʱ䡭΢΢һ亹Ȼǰʮ㣬ϾǰûϹ󷨣ƳһʱЩŵģڣԺʿеţٴȫȻָ
ϹŴΣֻҪһСʱܱƽ⣿
̤һʿԺУҲɶֹðһͷǸȽһ׸ļһû
Źָһţʿ̧ͷȥʱȴ͵һǸѰ·ˣֹṳ̂Ĳ
ôܣһСʱƿ˵󷨣
Ǵһѣʿ²ֱƷ²⣬˭֪֮ǰڵѾ˶ˣ˵Ѿһˡ
Ǻǣһʱ䣬Ƴһ󷨣ٶȡٴһɹʿֱӾ̤˵ڶ


143 ˱Ľ
ĸ󷨣ǵ󣬲ȴǰ󷨣ࡣ
ǰ󷨣ݵԭȫϹŴĻ֪ʶҪͻƣֻҪǰִ֪ʶϸݾС
ӵʼµ֪ʶ֮⣬и˴ǰոܽЩ֪ʶ
֪ʶںһ޷졣
һΣ̵ĿɾʿˣҲ˵츳
ܲܰѸոջõ֪ʶںϣٽǰ֪ʶ΢һ㣬ͺʵ֡
ֵһһĹŹֽ͸Уӵ֪ʶ󣬵Űе֪ʶںϣʱȴܾԼԺ·ʲôǰһ㴰ֽһͱƣֻҪˣܲǰ󷨣߳ĸ
ǲ㴰ֽȴΪҪôϣڴʱܰԼͱƣҪôֻܿԼԣʲôʱһжڻͨˣʲôʱʲôʱ߳ȥ
ҲͨʿҲͱָֽæҪķѴʱ䣬һߵֵĹһ߲סڻͨǰõϹ֪ʶȴܻȻʱһ룬һСʱǺü죬ȫֺ
ǲڳôʱ䣬֮ͨǰɱڽɽڵʿͬ⡣
⣬Ҳͨʿյĵطǰ󷨣׵ģǴӵĲʼʼɱʿϾҪһֱΣķУᣬôףйһΣ˭һֱȥ
ﵽɽҪٲġ
Ź֣ǡþôһǰϾִ֪ʶ˵յĲ࣬ЩӣȥϹʱڵԭǱЩ֪ʶӺࡣ
ӵĲһһĻµ֪ʶʱٶȾͿˡ
оǲϰֱ֮ӾȡһξԭҺ˲ԼеԪ˼˷ޱȣӿʼ˼ǰõһС
˼еһУӵҪֲҪȫԼƿأȶֲֿĻԳ嶯¡
ৣ
·һͱֽĶŹ˼Щĵõ˼͵ؾһе֪ʶȫڻһ𣬳ײ͸ǰ󷨡
һĲꡣ
һΣѵʱ䣬ȴǰ󷨣˽һʱ䣡
һŹ־ԻͷʿԾڵڶվֱһ˿΢Ц̤˵岽
岽ѾǾɽ׶ľˣǰǿǳԽ޵ĳͿժˣ

ͻ˵ڶ󡣡ٴκķһСʱʱ䣬ʿҲ˵ڶֻҪһƽֻҪһСʱƿһϹŴ¾һ⣬ֻԭе֪ʶȥһµ֪ʶôɣǼһˣ
ǸһǹһĨЦ⣬ʿֱӿǰҲֻһ˲䣬ǵ΢ЦֱӾͽһ͵شۿ͹ôܣѾƳ˵ĸ󷨣ЦǺһٶȣ
ԭΪǸһ׸ԼļһһƳǰ󷨣Ѿܲˣ˭֪ڶԷѾƿ˵
ۿԷһСʱǰڵĲģ
ߣٶȣӽҵٶȣ˵ԽϣѶȾԽ󣬺һʱ䣬󷨷Զңǻһ
ҲҪģõˣ²󷨣ҲϹײߵô룬öԷܳʿʼĽɨ˶Źһۣſ̤˵
Ϊ󷨵ţôһСӣȥ

һžԭҺٴοڻ֪ͨʶŹֻǻһСʱʱ䣬˵岽һߵʿʱһЦ߳˵

ߣҾͲšٵʿֱӾʹŶʼɵĲϷ˳״
Ǹ˹ʺ˵ļһȻһСʱڣһһΣ϶£һΣôôõ
Ŀֻ벽ߵԵĶŹ֣ʿɫã̾һһʺҲ̫ǿ˰ɣһζײϳˣ
ǲţԷǿʵ߹ȥģ
ɼһҲ̫˰ɣʿʱʼ˶Ź֣Ҳ֪һһӣ˶ٵ£ڲֳ޵еĺˡ

һСʱһŹֱӾϢķ֣ڵִ£Ȼʱ޷תԪھٿ
Ԫ޷תﵽ30.1ֵǶǿ׳ܣ㱧իhһժȡĹʵ
뵽ŹϹժȡ߰˿Źʵ߻صĴڣָ߳
Ҳǰһ˶ĹϰٿŹʵȫŽָڣŹֲһۣʱǸʿҲѾڵĲˡ
һûоԭҺҪʱ䣬ܶ򣿡ԺðһŹֵͷŹٴ̤˵߲

һСʱȥˣڵĸʿѾڵ֪ʶʼںϹͨе֪ʶҲǾãֻôһ㣬ͱǲ㴰ֽΣһҲ
Ҫ󷨵򡭡֣󣬺ǰ󷨣ѶȫһȼΪʲôǸһôꣿҲδ̫˰ɣһߵֵŴĹһʶٵںϽ׶Σʿеĵں϶һ̣ȴôҲȲ
ֹһСʱɺޱ仯Ĵ󣬸оϻֻһ㣬ͻƣҲͻƲˣʿˣΪʲôǸһĹʺˣôǿ󣿲ֹͻ˵󣬾Ҳôͻƣ⻹ûˣ
ҲЩͱ˼͸УʿͻȻеԺһղôҲ벻ͨ⣬һ̣৵һڻͨ
ǰĴҲıơ
ͨˡϿ󷨵ҲֻǻСʱ츳԰ˡ
Ǹһһײ˹ʺϣ٣ʵ͸츳ȣһġżȵĿ⣬ʿڳһӦǿŹ֣µǻţ˲ͱ֧顣
ǿѪĳ嶯ʿĿĿŶŹ֣ڰ˲Ĳոճء
ҡļٵģڰ˲ôܣݺݵҧһ⣬ҵʹֱӴ̼ʿһɫɼˣٴȥʱǷֶԷ̤ڵھŲ㡣
ղŻʵ۵ʱҲѱÿһֻһ˲䣬ʿ˶ԼٶȣѾǼ켫ˣǸһôܡ


144 ɽӹ
ڰ˲ŹֻͷʿĿĶǾͲ˼飬ʱ;һŹ֡
Ǻ̤ͣ˵ھŲСʱڵִ˻Ҷ֮ǰɴժ°öҶսָ£͵һ
ˣưϡҩݣڴˣÿһ֣вٵ
ȻҲƵҩɽϣӦЩʹõֻ֮ҪȥžԭҺЩ֮
һͷŹٴ̤һ


òףٴοųͨڵһУ岽֮ʿٴ̧ͷֱӾͷֶŹһ߹ʮಽʱǰһڣ㱻̼ȥ
⡭
һ׻ǲˣôߵô죿
һʱ䣬ȵĳ£ʿ˶Źߵ·ǲ󷨳ʲô⡣
һɽ̫ԶˣЩطɶһһֱôˣҲܱҿô࣬һǽɽ⡣
ޱ˼һ¶ע⣬ʿֱӾͿʼߣһΣҪͨԭѾͨ󷨣ǿٵĺܣֻǼӺʿɽ£Źߵĵ·ǰľ̤˵һ

߳һŹٴ̤ڼӲɽ֮΢΢һȴûڸղ·ϷʿӰʱһ͵תͷʿѵղ߹ĵ·ߡ
ΣΪ·⣿
ΪŹֵɨɨʿŹȻʧЦȴΪʿΪ͵һͣ߹·˻ȥĵߣ
˵Կ˻ȥǰңɽ帽ĸϡҩȫѹθɾ
һ뵽⣬Źֶʱʳָ󶯣ϾիhưһʱƬʵֵġ
̧ͷ˿ңŹֱתƽƣ⣬һɢζĹŹС

̽һ飬ǶԷߵ·⣬·ϵĴǴڵģһûб
óۣʿ£ǰٰζַƣԸţԼϣԶô࣬ʵǰ벻ϣҲû취ʿνĶˣڣһֱϣһֱΪǿš
Ҳһֱʮ㣬Ϊ֮£ᵤһ£󷨣εڶû˸ϵһڡ
ڵһֹˣҺĲֱ࣬ǿţ
һıܴҲֱӵʿ״̬һͿԭһ׾ͱƿĻ󷨣ȻСʱǿƿ
Ҳ̤󣬵ٴ̧ۿϷʱɫ͵ؾһ죬ҪѪѪԷȻƵˣһ·Ӳ˷ôʱ䣬ȥƽµ󷨣ֻΪЩϡҩ
ŶŹְһ޵ҩߣʿҲ̲סֱƺһĻӾҪε
ҲڿҪεһ̣ǿѹҧŶŹְԵҾͲţֻһ·Ȳһֱ·ժҩٶȿ죡
ȥʿٴ˳·߻ԭѾ岽·

һϡ£ӵһƵʼŹ־ûֱˣǿҩߣֱֱķ˼ٵξԭҺŰѿɼΧڣʮµҩȫժ˴ָ
ʱҲһǸʿʱԷҲڲиļУߵ˾ɽŶʮ׵ľ룬Ѿӽɽ
ʣµԭҺ㹻ġ
΢΢鿴һ´ִָʱľԭҺкüٵΣŹһңҿڻɱͷVһ߳幥ûֱӰѶԷײһӲдΪ¶Է©֮㣬ԶʣµʿҲȫѡĴԺ߶ԷľֵתΪԭҺҪȻһεԭҺ治á
ˣɶڣ°һ飬нǧԭҺټԭͻмٵΣֹѩȿϺҲǡ

ۣ
ʿƵѪˣɽ壬ɽ¿տյûһ滨ݣԷӣѾߵɽһ࣬ʱȻɽʮ׳ǻɽһ룿
Լߵģֻһֱ߰ԷȻô̵ʱڣ߱ɽɽµд
࣬Ҳδ̫˰ɣ

ʱ䣬ڶŹһδƵߣͣĲժϡҩݣʿȵƺͱжȹֱֱ
Ź߱ɽеҩȫϴһգңֻһƿһִܵɽ
˴ʱŹҲ֪Լʲô飬һεջ̫ˣһнڵʿȫҲδһ˵õıࡣ
ɲֹǴϧĵرָһƷϺһ֮ɽ֮ϣЩ޵ĸ伮
ջ񣬼ֱ̫ˣ
һ̧̣ۿǰʱУһƬڵ˷ܡ

˫Ŀͨ죬أһֱͣ˵졣
ɽڣÿһ󷨵ԽĻǾĵ󣬻ǣĲԭټ˫󷨣Ȼ󣬼ÿһܱڵĴ󣬶ңӦһ
һΣƳǰʿķ˰˸Сʱɽλãʮ֮ң
ǡǣǸ̬࣬ȻѾɽпɼϡҩݣȫ˰ﳹϴһһɾ
⡭Ҳ̫˾ںͱˣ
һɣôӽɽΪʲôΪôĵرΪЩĿ꣬⼸һֱڼֲи󷨣ڡھɽܵõģҲֻһЩϹ֪ʶѣƨûˡ
ڣʿЩɣЩ󷨿ԱƻĻǸ̬Щ󶼲ѧϰ
ǰʵǣԿյɽ壬ʿѡ֮⣬ް취
ˣ˰εôɾУʿ˼ûˡ


ˣһ̤ȵĲڽɽۣ֮Ź̾͸ееԪھָֻתһŹ̿ǰͷֹɽϣһ͹Źֵĵ¯һ˸ĺɫ¡
һƬϲ֮ɫŹֱ˺ɫº͵¯ץ򣬰̽˽ȥ
󣬾һϲ򣬷ֱصģһһܸ٣һܸ١
ʱҪܸ٣ȴĺܣвֹϵͳۣм󷨱ƷĲʣܸڣϵͳ֮⣬дڵ֮ʿҪĸֳõҩĵֲҩͼ
ſţŹֲ㼤ĳȥֻΪЩõҩĸҩݣǸղϴٹĸϡݡҩ
һΣķˣ


145 ҩ
ޱ˷ܵ飬ŹְѼҲս˴ָűիhֱתھֱֱϿշȥ
һ춯ӣҲƿɽɵ档
Ҳʱ죬ֱӾʹҴ
ˣʦƿɽˣ
ʦֹȻܳš
ʦ֡

ŷӶֵּľУɽ֮ıˮ̶ʮʿȫǴŻֵ̿ļӽɽɳˡ
ǣȫڱʿ֮󣬲ҵɽڵģԭ뾡֪ͨʿɽǵѶϢＸ֮ʿ֪ʿѾˣǾ˵ԷܿѾȥˡ
һ뵽Щǲܲ꣬һܳĵӣɽΪĵرȴ޷ȡ飬Ǻġ
һΣڳģȴʷܳţЩᵤʿˣԱʿмģв˽ɽ֮⣬ȴʿɽ
ò˵Ĺģ֮ǰǻǺģϾɽյĵطʷ֤ɲЦ¶ԱʦģҲû˸ȥģֱ֧ʿֻۿȴ
Ҳ£ڵʿڿɽڵĸҩһʧʱʱͳ׷
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ʱ˶ҲѹеļʦֲǱʦְʷܳţȻȻеҩժˣ
һ뵽Щ֪ʦʱܴ߳еʿǼ˫ͨ죬ֱֱܣֻҪԷһ֣ͻֵĳ羴ͻ
ҲԣֻǿӰɳ˾Ͷˣʦ֣ΰʿǵĻ¾ɣ
ǣŴױȵĻȵĿ⣬˶ӽɽڷɳ˺ȴ͵һӣȫ

Ǳʦ֣
ôһһŮ
˭

ôʿҲʿȫڵĹŴӽɽɳͣڱˮ̶֮ϵĶŹ֣ȴ͵һһͷ͵طǾǣˣϣڳеĸֹ屦Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳͬʱڵʿ˷Ӧ˹
ãˣ˽ɽеıһ仰·ͷļ¶ֻһӣǰڶŶŹַ㶵ʿȫը˹
ɱ
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ҲڸոշʱŹȴѾӦֱӾȡϺ߷ڵϺһХԲһ֮ڣֲĺֱӾɢ
ϺڵĶŹ֣Ѿѩ֮µϺһȴǱ֮ǰϻŽսʱκһҪǿ
꣬һľ֮ԶŹΪԲģԲһ֮ڵأ˲䱻׶ᣬڵʿȫһ˲䣬Լķڡ
棬һʱΪ֮һͣŹǧѷĻᣬ˲ϢԼı֮⾳תһ·իhݡ
̶Ƭ̣еʿƳϺļʱŹѾӵһ⣬󣬿ٵһϸַԲʮﷶΧŹٴδҴ˵
ϸݹ룬һƫƧɽͷҵһɽŹŴիh˽ȥ
ԭҺٶЧʵйƵҩ֪ʶ
ƵҩҪģǶգأʿ𣬷Ĳһ躡ԪĲ
ԪӤʿȫֻǸݸԵͬߵͣеְ֮ˡ
ƪڣһķھԭҺİ£Źֺܿһ鶯ĺɫ棬ɢĿֲ£ñȾ֪ԶƷ𷨾
Ȼʱ򣬲𵵴ԽߣƵĵҩԽãиһԭ򣬻ȡʿƿس̶ȣľѣȵȡ
ӹɵһǣͬƿ֮£˭𵵴ԽߣĳɹҲԽ
Ժ󣬶Ź־ͰѴָǸԽɽ֮۵ĵ¯Ҳһ飬Լıϸ߲㣬ƺֵҩ
ǵģȻڿѾ׼ȫưĲϣիhѣò˵һ¯ȥưŹֻûԴֵز
ҪӵһЩľ󣬲ŻȥȻǴ˷Ѳϡ
ʱһ㲻ò˵ľǣǸųڽɽ֮۵ĵ¯Ҳһ˲õıƷϻ¯κƷ׵ĵҩκĺ濾
𻵣ܸԵһĳɹʣֻҪھͿķ
ԪʿãԴʿΪһЧѣ˺ҩЧμ롭
˵ֻ۷ʿãһãһɵɹʡһʿֻܷһá
鵤˵ֻ۷ʿãһãʧʱ֤ʿһΪʧ˵ҩЧãظʹá

ҴɨмصĶֽᵤһʿõĵҩŹһԪֿʿĵҩӦЧĵҩϾתЧʣѾˣǣͱ鵤
ҲͰˣȻɹʣʹɵİգɣһ̫Ǿоųɵİգһʧܣһãǰٷ֮һĸʣҲδزܳɹֻһɹʣȻʿҲȷǼΪֲĹЧˣЧͱ鵤һȡ
鵤ֻҪ˱鵤ǾͲʧˣٲֻҪ㹻ı鵤һɣΣβɣΡظʹãصĵҩţŹ־ͼ򣬲ϹʿǶܿص䱦鵤ȥ²Ҫʿᰡ
⣬ֻʿõĵҩ˺ϼصļʿĵҩҲ˼㡣
ſţŹֽƽ¼飬ԪȡһЩԪϡҩݣʼ
𣬶ƿ̶ȣԭҺŹҲѾﵽһޣתò˵ȴһʱĻƣһ¯ԪҪķʮСʱʱ⣬ס濾
ʮСʱڣʲôʱҪǿƣʲôʱ»ȫǲһģҪʿǣŶԸҩĵϤ˽̶ȣһһƶϣԼƹеĲϸƿء


146 ʦ
Ԫļԭϣϣԣ꾡ĽܣžԭҺŹҲ˽͸ԭҺİʮСʱڣͬ׶ҪתǿȣһƲⷽ
ò˵һҲֻǼƻݳķʵΣд
ĿʼŹҲʱ̻˼ԭҺ״̬ݳСĿԼ𣬿ʼ濾¯
Ув֮ʱǺԥĳ¾ԭҺÿһתۡ
ʮСʱڵԪҪĵĲʱԪƣŽβĽ׶Ρ
ǳǰܣͿˡ
һƣϻ¯ڣ͵شһ㣬Ź֣Ҳæ𣬼ѵĿ¯鿴ȴ͵ؾԭء
ϻ¯ڣȻֻʣһϸϸķĩ
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ʧˡ΢΢üŹֺԥ˼ξԭҺͿٵܽһεľ飬һβΡΡĵΡ
ܿģ޻˼֮£ҲҵϴοǵĲȫ֮һܽᣬݳһµķ
Ʋ·֮󣬶ŹֲûмƣǷſϸָ˿ݽߵԪֳԵԭҺµݺܽᣬֱȷ˼Σղ˼ķû̫Ĵ©ʱ¿ʼơ
ʮСʱһζһΣ¯ٴηһ֮ʱŹֱӾһϲһεǱȸղǹϢҪǿ˺ö౶
Ĵ򿪵¯һĿĴָǰؽڴСͨٻɫԲεҩϻ¯¯ס
ȻɹˣԪĿԪϲУŹٿתϸѹָ״̬ץĿԪսָһţǺԥӽ

Ҳһ˲䣬ŵҩ븹һȵֱӾը

ֻһ飬ڶΣͳɹƳһ¯ҩⲻò˵ʷǿʦʵȴֵ̫֡
ͨʦĹУҪ˷⣬һǶƿأʱǿʱתһ˿ԥһ㣬ûоµϰͺѴﵽڶ㣬ڸҩݵϰԺʣҪﵽ˽⣬ǳҩݴ򽻵֣Ҳʵ֣Ȼⷽ棬ͨʦҲԽǰ˵ľ飬ٻȡҩݵϰʵ֪ʶոջȡ֪ʶûʵ֤ҪѼֻӱ֪ʶһݳһͲôˣһҪʱۻ
ȽϸӶַ裬ͨʦܸӵḶ́ŹȴžԭҺĻãܿʹﵽѡ
ŵ˵ԭҺһһпյ֪ʶ
߹ǰ֮󣬵ʵˣһʵʧģϾǰݵͨǿ룬׳ʧ֮ܽᾭѵʧܵĻϣ²ȷһҪʱ䡣
ͨʦҪʮΰ˴ΣɹԭҺĸ£ŹֵڶΣͻ˳ɹ
˵ͨʦһ¯ҩɹһɣɡ
⻹ָɹʣʵУÿһ¯ҩҪʱ䣬ͨʦ֪ĳ׶ΣҪתǿȵ𣬵ȴδʮСʱһ죬ʮһ̰ļȥһ
Ͼʧ֣ʧ㣬ԿǿҲ©ͨʦһµҩɹʣֻʮ¯óµķʵгʵַһ˿©Ƴµĵҩ
ѾյȷɹʣҲͨһң⻹Ǵﵽ̶ֳȵģѾǺϸܵ˿϶ʦˡ
ԿϣҲһʱͶ׳ִ󣬵ŹԭҺİ£ֻҪ쵽˻ʱ̣ϳԭҺԪȻԾ׼ȷÿһתۣһ˿©

ǿŴۼһʹ࣬ŹֿתѴӵҩбǳٻԼи
˴ԼʮӣеҩԣȫգֱӾ͸еԼԪ
иʶǿ󣬶ŹּæͷȥԼֵ͵شһ
1030.1
һԪһӾľֵ7.110
ӳ߲ĵزһ˾Ų۷壬ֻһܴﵽڣ
⡭ЧҲ̫˰ɣȻϣѾԪԡȡʿĹŹֻǱǰ˴ķȣһ
ӿʼֱڣŶʱ䣬ѣЧʣֱתƶҪö౶
ֲãֲЩʿԵҩĵرôԡ
Ƭ̣Ź͵ذߣͣիhϣѾľ飬ǲҪիhưˣ
뵽ŹٴóξԭҺʼݰļԭϵԣµ

ڣһŵȼĻҩױըŷˣ
ɽʿ촹˼ĽɽһʿƳˣڣԷ˽ɽеĹ
ȫʿʱĴָжֵΪ֮ͷѪı
Ϲŵ伮ൽֲҩݣ޴ķһ
ЩֵѾԶԶԽ˴ʱڣʿ䱦ܺͣϢһ֣ڣʿ۾һ˲䳹׺ˣ
Ǹʿͷ·һ޵еľ޴󱦲أ˭ҵɱܻ˲ĸ䱦
ò˵˶ۺޱȣȴû֪ʿʲôĸɵģֻǴ˿е֪һʿһԵŮ޶ѡ
ڣŮ޵ݣΪԷһֱſʿ󱳣û˿徿òΡ
⣬Ψһ
ΣһҪҵʿֻҪɱһʮ˵ʿ˷ܵļ쳣Щ㵸ӣ⣬һɣԨڵʿ
Ȼÿһȥڵʿ뿪ʱҪһɾһãܰȫȣò˵ǸʿҪȥʱԱһɹϷһãҲƽ֣Զɱռȥȫջ
ɽһΣŵʿȥôôһʿȳһʮ˵ʿΪһߣһ࣬ٺ٣ңǰڷ죬ڣҲҪǼһҳ
ңֻҪҵ˵ֿܷһϾֻһˣۡһֻʮ˵ʿΪҲǼüɫ衣

ҲڣΪһʿʱԶƫƧɽŵشĶŹ֣ҲʧһκָŰ
֪һУŹֻǼޱȵŰիhԴƬ۵ӣ
ϣĿԾʦ


147 
СģѰիhĿУһˮʣ󣬶Ź־תϸеĹעիhڵһб仯
ϢУŹͻȻһͬʱիhӣҲһһӴŵҩڻիhϸд
·һ쫷磬իhڹιϸڣʣԪҲʼ͵еԪȫڹһ㣡
ϸ룬һѤƽ͵Ĺ㣬ҹ֮ϣ߹ҵķǡ
жƽ֮Ǹ㣬ȴͻȻƼ۲һ㣬꣬Ǹǣһո¶ޱȵĳСϸ
ϸĵիhڣԭѾϸҲʼݣһǸ㡭
ӸںԭеϸһжǺƽ͵ĽţŹҲһ亹ӣǳɹˡ
ϻǸʿӶ򣬻ǲ

ӡһիhӳõĳ˯У˹ָʶĵһ˲䣬ԺҲðһͷô
գԼƴӣ󣬻ŹֵһիhǣͻȻðһ˿ǳЦǷģǻˣһӦÿӵ˰ɣ
ʱһģģӰȴ͵ӳ뿪ϵ䣬ӰЩϤիhǿϸʱŷǾȻǶŹ֣һһΣݺ
㡭㡭һǶŹ֣իh¶ʱһͻȻһۺͲʣҲˣȻԼΪʲôܼ
ͻȻ䣬֮ڵΣգիhһǰڣôΣգֻһ߲ʿ츳ٸߣڵΪȴ̫˰㵱˵׷ɱҲѡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôǿҵģڣҲͲáһ˿ЦիhٴοŹֵ񣬶ʱͱЩϧ
Ž۵իhŹһϲˣƣûˣֻſţŹ־ЩΪʲôիhԵһΣ¶һ˿Ц󣬺ıɫôŹ֣
ʦ΢΢ĲУŹիhļͷ
㡭ҲˣǺǣû뵽ԺǻټիhٴοЦЩ̾ϢĿŶŹֵ
Ź˲ˣЩЦõĻΪ˶ôŹֵЦЦŹͻȻʦˣǣһڣݵô
һʣիh͵һǰ֮һ˵꣬ᡭǰݺαװôⲻܰ
ղţֻΪһֱģģҲ̫ѣԼҲûϸ˼ھŹһʣŻȻիhϣ͵ط˾ϲ֮ɫͬʱѵ룬Ҳָֻϵĸָо
ûû
ȻûŹٴһЦĬĬһϲӵիh
ǣǵʱǴôӳģָоիhȷţԼûŹҲûٴһ󼤶͵Ź֣ʱȻһʱǾЩʿֻѣŹһҪӣϣٴ
ǺǣЩҵȵٸ㡣ŹٴһЦЩ£˵治ýͣھãô
һʣիhżæȥ̽Żָ֪͵壬ɫһ䣬ΪȻµôࣿ
һְףΪΪµ̫Եʣһʱ䣬ûע⵽ԼϸѾǰͬˡ
Ǻǣãû̫ܵˣԭһΪڱһк󣬱ɣֻΪµիhͻȻӾѣַһЩҵķ˿Ѽƴǰ㷢쵽˶
ƾո˼֮ɫիhһֱĴˣͻģ˿Ŀࡣ
ȣʦǿߣիhӨĶƿŹָ뿪ڣ׼óԪãûȥʱˣ͵ؾһ󣬾Ϳɽ֮⡣
իhҲͬʱ͵һһӣһӴԭվҲһ˿š
ֻΪʱһǿֱӴɽڣֱӶ
ˣǣ׷ˣô죿УիhɫֱӾͱɷ֪Լ˶ãҲ֪Ժ󣬾ʲô£ȴΪϻЩʿ׷
ЩãȻ޴УիhͻȻһҧݣֱֱ˶Źһۣżæţһ£ҳȥǣӣӶԶӶԶ
իhжӲĻŹһ٣£ٴһ˿жò˵жͬʱЩЦղǵȻǿ󣬵ǿڶѣϺϺе
㻹ЦЩյĵ˶ŹһۣիhٴμĵһΣܴߣһǿûôˣڣΪûΣһ£ԼһҪӣҪٲˣ

ˣһһŮصôΣһǣɽһ֮⣬͵͵İУһڱĿʿ͵ؾۣһĿľ⣬һҲ˲ͨ
ˣǸʿǸذ
죬Ŀ꣡
һЦʿһݣֱֱɽȥʮʿһͣˣ
˲͵س׷
ˣǸӶɽʿ
ķˣһɣô˶ңȻǔȷ֣
һΣˣ죡
ɱǣ

һ󼤶ĴУʮʿȫüɫ裬ģ׷ǰʿȥ
ţԨɣʿڣʮŲʿҪԸˣֵ
¶ԷǿȴֻˣҲʿĵβһڔʿϲ
ǣڣȻ˶ŹֵϢ˽ɽбأڣȴûᣬŹֵֶΣֿ˲Ϣһ֮ڣΧʿֶΡ⣬ҲǱȻŹô׶ԸڣϢйöԸÿԽ赶ɱˣ
ɣڶأѾûôһҵľ룬Ƭ̶ʿֱƮɽ⼸ʮ״İգЦ
Ƿ׷׷ʮʿʱҲȫǳ̰ͼɽ
أһ̣Ҫֿɵˣ
Ҫββ˷ܣ


148 ģ
ûһ£ȥ֮󣬲ΣҶᾡǵʱ䣬һҪӣҲûգ̫ãղˣ϶ڡ⣬ĻɽڣիhɫҲԽҰףǺݺݵĵ˶ŹһۣƺٴΡɹŹһۺիhɫһĿ˶ŹһۣĵһҪӳȥȻҲ᲻Ŀ
仰ҲȶŹַӦիhֱӾͼһзֱֱɳɽ
ոջΪիhЩЦԷǵĶŹ֣ȴͻȻһ˲ᣬһ̣£ĺܸӣôôɵΪʲôһΣôɵ
ĿիhıӰ۳ɽŹֲȻһҲæ˳ȥֱֱ׷իh
ôˣӰһ춯իhʱ󼱣ɲסеĶǰʱѾɳɽּҲûע⵽Źշ׷
ӣһУիhĻ󣬶ʱȫЦˣʿǴЦţ˶ݺݵĵЩһʹЩ
Ļˣٴȫ̰ʢͨ۾סɨӣмʿ৵һɢ˰Χ
ٺ٣ʦ֣˵ôʲôֱɱ˾ǣǿԼȡɢԺһʿһЦٴκݶˣзˡ
ǣɱǣеĶͶǵˣһʿҲǷе˷Ź˵񣬳˲̡
һУȫһ˲䣬իh䣬ͽŷ
ǰһʮ˵İΧ̬իhɫٴһŭĶŶŹ֣ƴĴȵߣ
ȵͬʱիhɫһ˲䣬ǵͨ죬Ҳһ
̬һҪԱһУΪŹȡһ
Ҳիhŭɶ֮ʱһֻĴ֣ȴͻȻӱһץס֡
ģң
ᶨĻŹҲ֪ղիhЩɵɵΪ׸жжֻ֪ڣ;κ˺իh
һεı磬ظݣ
㡭ͻȻкͼᶨĻիhҲ͵شˡ
Щı飬žͳ׽

һЦŹҲ֪ԼЦʲôʵֻЩޣʦľɵɵۡ
һЦŹֵУҲֱӶһͨѩ׵ĳϺ
ৣ
񱩶ŰϺ͸䱾Դ֮ϺͻȻѩɽƲɵ֮ƣӵ£ֻһ˲䣬Բһ֮ڣիhվķԲ֮أȫ⣡
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ô£ƿЩ㣡
ҵķܡ
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Сģ

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ɱ
һ⣬ʵУֱӴӱһš
䣡
Ӱ˸֮󣬔ڣΪߵʿֱӾͱһɱŹֻǸھ磬£һƿڵķͷǣϺķȴԶԶͨʿķԵֵģ
ϺһƷȡģǿƷģ˼ԷӵмƷķеֵĿܣϾŹִʱֻܷϺĲȣһɣмƷ
ʦ֣
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һ
ʿһӣԭΪͻȻıͿֲĺ⣬еĔʿֱӾȫˣ˾ͶűУʿĲʬ˴

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ģҪһδ棬Źָģֻս־ж
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ôģԭΪΣǱĽ֣ǸҪӣͻȻҡһ䣬˾ɱ
ĿģȫѪȲпɱ¾իhһ̣ȴͻȻеܡ
ôġǣˡҺˡ֪ģիhͻȻסӣ˫ҲӿһƬᡣ
һģңһ̣Ȼİۡ
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ҪɱңҪɱҡ
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ʵĲ̫࣬ڿֲֲļ˶˵ֵֻǾǣûһˣԸ⾲
ζĥˣ˱;ģһ˲䣬֮ƣҲ̱ӵļޡ
ʣµʮʿһ˲䣬ױû˻־ȫֻʣǻη;š
ǣЩʿκ£ο־壬μе
ȴǵģֻһ֣ɱ
һְԵɱ׼˶Źµļ¶˵һԵĿˣ

еı㣬˲䣬ɢʮԭڱڵʬ壬ҲӶ׹䡣
ವһ죬Źֳͨѩ׵Ϻիhࡣ
ءǶšիhȴҲ̲סһӾȥıס˶Ź֣û˲իhҲ£ȻҲ֪ŹôͻȻӵ˲ʵȴ֪ղһУڱ
Ժ󶼻ᡣŹᷢիh˻϶Ļش


149 իhɻ
իhãֱоȵӣĻŹһЦիhӻ󣬾ȡһöԪʦΪȳҩָһЩɡ
իhӣͻȻһ٣һ˿޵ĺΣҲǴӲǸԭҪĵӣͻȻһԱ˵𾪺͸жѺͻȻ𣬸ղȻ˺ð죿
˿⣬ܿͱһ޴ɻ󼫴ɢ
ղţΪûйȥ룬ڣŹôܻɱʿɱͨһ㣬ôôֲʵ
һ޴ɻ£իhŹֵĲͣڰ֮ϣŷɺ;ȵĶղţôģ
Źһ˿ΣеϺѽһƷΪķҲƵЩʿķͻܣЩ㣬Ҳⷨ
ʲôƷһֱͣӾիh׾ˡ
ȻȻҲ֪гƷڵģҵƷһУڵĿģΪѰǲ󣬶Ź־ȻԵõһѳƷ
ƷǣôõĳƷģôܣ֮իh͵һѹٴɻֵĶ
ȻܵõƷҲδ⡭
ͻƷɶԣڣҲһˣ˵ʱƷÿʮ꣬˽ڣ˵ƷˣƷûһֹǻƷɣĴڽڵʿŶӣƷϷģҲָ
ǣһôܵһνڣ͵õһƷ
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ǺǣȫɣҵʱЩ˵׷ɱһСľײһɽȣȻѽŹЦЦ˵ͣҲʵֻʡ˺ܶණѡ
ͣȴֱիhһͷĿѣһСľһƷȻ͵õˣ
һƷ£࣬С̽ȴһƷûһȻһСģ͵õһƷիh˶Ѫʵĳ嶯
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ǿԹȥĳ嶯իh뿪˵ʲôŹȴһӾס󣬰еԪիhġ
ŵʦڻˣȷⵤҩָһЩΪɡ£Ժٸ͡
һеĵҩիhһԼȷŲƣŽѹ˶ԶŹĶʼɣתɫֱ
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Źһ㶣ȴЩЦԷǣҲ²µԲóԪģȻիhʹвٻָĵҩ
ȣʦ㻹ȰŵҩȥԡСĵѹЦĳ嶯Źٴεָָǰɽʱ治ЦȻЦիh˸е£Ҳδ̫Ǹˡ
ˣҾáիhٴξܾȴ͵رŹִϡ
ȥ˵΢һ˿Źֱֱĵ
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𾪣ֻΪԪֲ̺̫̫ˡֲڵԪֱӾͻơ
ʲôҩôôŵҩЧ
𾪵ԼӸĵزիhһ󲨿ֲΪͻ
8.68.78.8
ԴտʼľֵͿʼһ·ֻǶ̶Ƭ̣ʹԭµ8.6ֱ10
һǹɽһĿֱֱիh𾪵Ŀ಻ѣɲʱǿҩӴҩֻһѣ
𾪣ۣȥץסŹֱʣ⵽ʲôҩҩЧĽҪͷȴôֻѹױȵĳ嶯ҩ

ֻһֻһٴӵڵʵŹ־ôһֱĿիhľֵһ·ʮ󣬿ʼеĵȴͻơ
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20.1
ԾУիhľֵһӾͻƽ20.1ĳ̶ȣ󣬲ųֹͣ
ҲͬʱһֱڱĿҩիh͵ؾۣ󣬴Ҵҿ˶Źһֱۣۣ̽ڡ
⵽ʲôҩô˿ֲЧ̽իhҲѹµ𶯣ֱӾʹӵһԾ𣬼ޱȵĶ˶Ź֡
⵽ʲôҩȻĹһӾͻظ˴룿ޣҪµʱģڣȻ̶Ƭڣͳ׻ָˣ
ҩôУ
ԪֻصڣŹһɣЦſڵ
Ԫû˵㣬ôõģһԪ֮իhһɻ󣬲󣬾Ǹɻ£ֻèצڲͣץһŹֲܸһĽͣĺģܻɣ᲻һЦļһ


150 һҸо
իhһֲ˼ĺ棬Źһ٣ЩŹֵĵԼƵġ
𰸣ֱիhһϾһ˿գݺݵİ˶ŹһۣЦˣҪ滰
Լã˼˵óڣΪԼشԵŮôôɵĽͣҲóڣƷһ㶼óҲûѧôǣҩԿֲ˼ĵҩһڵʦҲδóȻֵҩĬĬ
Ҫ滰Ź¹Ź֣ľ滰
󣬶ŹаЦһ֣˵ǰͶһųףһף׵͸
ͻȻֵıիh͵һֿͣŹеϺٴһƬκ죬õ˱ļһ
һƣիhȴ͵ؼ¹
һˣŶŹֵĻ̶֣߰˸ƴСһɫͨ嶼ɢ˾ڵ
¹¹ͻһ컯ҩ
ǡôŹֻУһӾ߰˸֮ࣿ
ûիhϣŹٴһ֣ϣ̶һǵģһѣһȥϰٿš

իhһʹصȥǿסûԼ̫ǱȻ¹ǰ󣬵һϰٿţҲ̫˰ɣ

ŶŹһδεĻ֣һУҲֱӴիhвȻһ޳ӣԽԽ󣬿ŵһűȻȫʿΪ֮ĵر֮իhû⣬ֱǰһڣ̼˹ȥ
ǻþɣѲڶϴһ飿ôĵر죬Ҳ̫ˡ
ιȥ֮ǰիhԺУΨһͷ
һիhͻȻоԼŹֱڻȴûʱȥ˼ЩֻǼۣȥεǰֲĸĵرһɨ֮󣬿տҲɽ͵һȻǻþ
һ̣ǰȴͻȻ
ʦǽɽۣ֮ЩϹʿһйģһйƵҩģһйģҲ֪ѧϰϣ㲻ԸղõĵҩϵĵƳġ
ᱧǼĺεիhŹֵ͵ĻȴֱիhǰٴһڣɽԭһӶĲͨڣǽɽ
ɽȴڣΣյĵطûĴӽɽõʲôô
㡭ȥ˽ɽֵУիhֱֱŤͷҲ˴ʱֻͶŹֻһ֮˴˵ĺܴ򵽶Էϡ
ҵʱҲ֪ǽɽԲСľ͵ȥˡбů壬Ȼ壬Ѿ˺ö죬ʱŵԷֱͷϢŹ£ͻȻһ˿ĳ嶯
իhĻ˹ɽʱһСĵȥİ
ǲСģիhױˣôһǲСľ͵˽ɽȴּ׷ʵ㣬˶ʱ䣬Ŵӽɽ
ɡŹֻһ£ڽɽǸʿʱҲЦˣʱ˵ĻĽЩ˼ֱЦŵʵԭֻҪһܳģ;ɽôҩ̲ס˳ȫˡ
Сġ̲ࣿס˳֡իhٴһӶǶŹֵĽͣҲܲסױȵĴٴ˹ȥ
˼һɣ꣬һֱΪɽŬΪɽ׼Ϊôĵر
ɵ󣬼ȥˣһҲûܴӽɽõʲôôһﵹãһСĽȥɳһʱûס˳־Ͱһ˼ĺôȫˡ
Ȼ£իhҲһΣŹ𾪵Ĳˣȴʷǰľ޴
һիhٴʹȥŹֶʱһΣǸһƬЦ
ЩȫիhֻΪԴʱ˵Ĺϵ£ûҪҲû뵽ȻзӦ

һѺիhŹֵһֱ˹;£ֱöŹһëղòһʦﻹмԪһ°ɣҲճ׻ָ
իhûȥԪֻĶŶŹֿ˺ð죬ЩĵĵһҸоˡ
ŹֳȷիhҪȽ츳ȵȣƵײǽɱ
Ͼô˵ǰĻƷڣիhڸ츳ϣҲһ
իhǽӹöԪȥľֵҲڻָ23.7ĳ̶ȣû֮ǰȣҲ١
ҲڷԪիh͵ɫһ䣬ƺʲô£ŶŹֵõôޱȵĵرЩƷָô뿪ڣ
뿪ڣҪ֮һɣһã
һɼʮᵤǿߵģ¶ŹгƷȴǿֻܷӳƷĲ֮ǿ˵ѾھɱˣĽᵤʿȴ޷ˡ
ᵤʿʿȣĸɽҽᵤʿķҲѾƷȻȳƷϲ٣ȴҲ׾ͱֽǽһ
Ź֣Ը⽻һô
Ը³϶ǱһĽᵤʿǿĨɱڣԸ⣬һɣҲδԸǸǰµĹأֻһ롣
ϾһΣõĶʵ̫̫࣬˴ˣ
ңŹõģвٹһɼȴδػ̶ŹѾѧϰЩϹŵ˵ȫĽһУΪ˷ֹЩϹŹйһɣҲ϶Ź
һ뵽իhɫ׾ͱòҰô⵽һ᣿ԭΪոգ˭֪ȴΪ
˼ͣŹ֣Ҳ
һ㣬ھ߽ɽһ֮󣬻ʱûǹڿȷǺܲ
ˣɽڣһƬţô˼ãŹֲ͵̧ͷիhʦȳȥֻʣһˣһɵĽᵤʿҿ϶ֵȴδûߣ
λĽᵤʿ˵ҪУǳ˵Σ򲻹ϺϺϸ󣬵ȵȣŹδûߡ
ȻЩȫƣʮģǸڽɽ֮۱ȡĺɫ¡
Ǻɫ£ҲһƷǷ͵ĳƷûµֻ䱾ʵĲӲȣ;Ի̺ɫ£ȫʩչһ߳壬ϸָơ
һУҲһǰᣬǾիhаȫ뿪ҲһȻŹԴ󣬵ٶ࣬ҲԲΪիhʮᵤǿߵΧɱ£˶ܰȫ뿪
˵ʲôߣУիhһֱɫ䣬Щ޺޵ĿŶŹ֣Լô
ģֻҪʦ뿪ҾвСİգȫˡիhɫ䣬ŹּæͣȡǺɫ£իh
һ£իhٴһΣһƷ
ò˵ι֮Ҳһ˿ϣһƷͷϣֻһݣǶŹֻ治ûӶԷӵ
ǣ£㱾Ϊȴ̫ˣʿܷһЩϣҲͻ󡭡˿ϣ֮իhٴüгƷȴֻܷЩ֮ʵЩ̫˷ˡ
ò˵һ̣իhֱŹֳ׸˵ΪŹֱó˿鵤ĵ
ҵĹѾΪԪ۷壬ֻҪƳ鵤Ϳ϶ɹʱڣЩҲܶٷӳһЩˡһδիhĵǣŹȴһңҿֱΪֹûիhò©ǰǾû֪իhǺǸϴ˽ɽļһһŮޡ
ӣͿǰȫ뿪ˣǻᱻһɰһãիhָֻ߰˿ѣȫ͸һɣҲν
鵤ϣôĵҩֵҩֵҩЧУիhͱľӣҪһһĳܾ޴ľȣҪɡ
ڣҲ˶Ź֣һһصĳƷһЩᵤʿУˡϾֻҪڣͿԷЩһЩˡ
ðɣȻϣ뿪Ҿ뿪˶Źֵʵ֮իhҲ׹ҪŹһ£Żı׸͸
ֻǣ֪ôģիh֮ͨͻȻͷһ˿ƣָоܹŹ֣֪Ӻζһֱܲ
Ҳǵ˺þùǾ㣬Źֻһ꣬ʹ޵Уֱӿڡ
ٶȣȥĻʿ߷ģҲڣ׹֮ѾŹֵĸֱ֣ĳľˡ


151 ɱ£ϣ
һ·ڰֱիhԽ̵·;صڵĽӴŹһ
һ·իhҲûΣգƩ絹ùޣֻһЩСģʿһڣû֮࣬ЩϾС⣬ֻҪǱ˻Ǻǽ˽ɽʿһľС
իhڣŹŻȻתǱʱڹر֮գʮʱ䣬ôʱ䣬ҪԼԱ
λģɾοٽڡ
鵤ƣڶŹٴѰһƧĽ󣬾ֱӿ

իh뿪ĵ졣
ǸһײڣһȺʮ˵ʿסŸÿһش
ԴʿӶɽϢڣѾ˺ü죬ȴûʲôϢ͸©˭ʿȻһΪʿǣеԵıͲ
ʦ֣᲻ѾˣʿȺУǸͷʿıԹһʿҲЩƵĿڡ
ʿĻҲֱʿȫ΢΢ɫ䣬Է˵ģҲ̫˽ˡ
ҲʱʿȺУɢһʿȴͻȻһ٣žǿϲʦ֣ǰսһСɣһʿ
ʲô
ʿĻˣȫ׷﷢
˾ȫ
ֻΪһսǸոտʼս£Ҳ׽һЩõϢǾǣʿǽӽɽʿ
ҵˣļһڱǳԨҵˣ
ɽıء
ɱˣȫɱ
ԨڣΪĴͷ֮һһͶڵʮʿȫڡʮǿߣԸһ䵥ʿһСɣκʡ
һ̣ʿȫԼʷ˵⣡

իh뿪ĵ졣
һƵɽ䣬ǳԨڵʿȺ塣ֻһΣԨʮʿȴʮˣʣµˣҲвִһ˿Ǳ;֮ɫ
ģһ޾ķṵ̆
ҵһҪҵǾߣҲҪڳʿʱȴѷŭǺգʮʿΧɱȻʿˣһɱ˼ʮˣ
ò˵ʮʿΧɱҲȡһЩɹǾǶԷҲܵ˲СĴˡ
ǣʦ֣
ʿĻһʮˣҲȫϸܱ̽ÿһɽ֡

իh뿪ĵ졣
ʮʿһ˿Ǳ֮ɫĿݵĽ䱸ҡв˵ɫЩҰףҲ֪Ϊ£ˡ
ôܣˣôܻôֲսʿվʿȺУĶǲʺͷŭУҲһ˿塣
ʦ֣ô죿ҪҪ뿪
Ǹһֲ̫ˣֱħ
ʿŭȣһʿӿڣҲηĿʱļУη塣
뿪óԨڣҪ룿һʿĻʿȴǲȻŭϸ̽˵ټҾͲţղôصĴˣû£
ǣʦ֣

իh뿪ĵ졣
һɫ۵Ӱֱֱһεɽзɳһϲɫ
ʧ֮ɹһҲһڸˣ

իh뿪ĵ졣
ӣǸħ
ʿΪף߰˸ʿȫޱȵźѹ꣬ĶǾ;
ԨڣʮǿߣΧɱһʿȻֻʣ߰ˣ˿־Χɱʵ˶ʧȥ˼սȥ
ڱУʿҲǾֵ˼㡣

իh뿪ĵڰ졣
Ԩڣǿߣֻʣʿһˣӳڡ
˵ʿĴͷ֮һԨڣŭǽᵤʿ޷ڣ²ԨڽᵤǿߣֱӾͻڣʿң
޷룬ԨҲûа취
ֱгԨ¶ʿȫᣬȬʿͳ˧ɱڡ
ȻڵĴͷѾǧǰĴᵤڸ֣ԲȫΪҪЮĸɣҲܣֻܴ
ǣԨҲѹʿʵһƷһƷأԽƣָƣʵݣݡ
˿ֲĶ֣ʿף˲һǾ˭ҲԲڱǿƷ
κһʿӵƷͼӵڽᵤʿʵ˵ԷԹĽƣϻָƺʵˣ
ᣬǾֻǸأȡ
ڴģ˭ܻɱʿͿɻöԷеһƷΪսƷҳԨڱΥģ򡭡
һ֮һǳԨģгԨһµĶɣȫˣĸԸĿʼᣬʿ
һΣΣһҪնɱ˻ָʿҲ׹ſ̹ǵŭһΣҲνװΪһѩܣ֣صİѳԨڵһͳƷʱ
ҲڳԨڽ磬սʱһɣҲ˹̵ʶʿʵʱҲ׷׶ڽڵĶɣ˼ݣºͳԨͬ
ˣĴڽ磬߰˰ʿ׼ᣬֳĴŶӣƵɱڡ
£ûΪʵȫǿƷѡǿƻָƣݡݵȵȣһҲδزǶԷЩ޵伮лȡ
ԣᶨһɣҪװɱҡеͷ˷˹ȵȣй

իh뿪ĵʮ졣
ϰٵʿ壬Źֻһ֮УӢ档
ϰٵʿ壬ϸϺشϰٵķ֮£Ƭ̶֧ŲˣһκͳԨڵһδβɱѾ֤Щ
ֻѡɱЭ
תƿռ䣬ַԲ͵ϮҲһǰɱ֮
ŶӣдŶӵȱݣǾٶȣЩʿ壬ÿٶиеͣһѡԶ͵Ϯ㱻֣˸ҵ׷ô
ҵ׷ɱЩŶֻ֣һЦ
ڣ֮ڣһ̬֮ųԨʿŶУһʿͻȻ֮侪ޱȵļУ׹䣬ʷİɱҲĻ
ڣѾԼʩչתƣÿһתƣ3ֵЩʿֵȫ0Ҳ˵ŹκһĿֻ꣬ҪƿԷķܣɱЩ˵ĿˣһΰѶԷתƵ
Ŀ־壬ֻǸոտʼ


152 ɱ££

ĲҽУһΧ˵ע⣬˿Ƿеʿʱ̾ͷʿѾƶ֮ϣ۾µ䡣
ˣԱߣкʿֱӷٶ£ס˶Է׹壬ȥʿȴǲȻɫ䣬һ˼ĶŻѾϢ塣
ôʿڴŶ룬ܱʿɭϵĽ䱸һУûзκôԵ޹ʣͻȻ
һˣҲ̺˳ԨʿȺһвʮֱֱͻȻʿβ̽޷ʿġ
ô
ôģ

޷͵ɻһʱ䣬˶һƬźη֮С
ҲʱһʿٴηһͽУֱֱʹƶ˵䡣
ˣ
ʿڣ˳ױɫ
ãһǸһڰ͵Ϯ죬ϲܱÿһشɫУʿ˫ĿֱӶĹֱӾɵʿϡ
һ£ʿȫֳ߰һСӣɢ˷ɢʣµһٶʿǽ䱸롣
ҲֻƬ̺ŶУһڵ˼УϷʿСӣҲ͵شѸİš
£
Ȼڰɱ

׷
һط߰ʮʿȫڵһʱ䣬׷ϷǣǸϵʱȴֻǼһ֮ڣļǣ߰̽СӳԱȫڼУһɫӰһɫ⣬৵ضݡ
ÿһ¶ݣһʿǿɱ
£
ɱ£
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ǣڴΧϵ֮ǰϮ£ȴѾ˳ű㣬ٴԶݡ
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㣬˲Ϣͱ߰ʮɫݻٴԶԶݵ£ʿ͵һҧݺݵ
Ҳ˸ոշʱǰһﷶΧڣ৵һٴӿһƬƬֲļ㣬һӾס˵ȥ·ʿٴƿʱѾûµӰ

һʮӺ
ʮʿȫһ֮ɫģ޹£̫ƻˣҼ䣬ٴСĽ䱸ʧ֮أ׷һʮӣȴ
ǣҲƵķʱһٶʿפشȴٴδһҽС

ˣ
ѣ

һСʱ
һлƳգԨµʿţڳױˣ̶һСʱڰɱʿѾʮˣǣ֪һ⸽֮ڣȴҲûκһСӣȥˡ
ֻΪǰÿһСӣڷֶԷټڶ̶Ƭڣ֮ɱȻٶѡݡ
˴ʱԨµʿѾֻʣʮˡ
ʮˣȴµ涼ûÿһΣֻܿڼ֮еһϮ¡
£ڴʱѾ˵جΣ
УȥǳᱻǸһȫɱġ
ҲҲ
ôˣκβǸˣֲ̫ˡ
ԽԽ࣬ʿ˿Ҳİ취һٶʿв˿ʼˡ
һƬҵľУҲ˿ʼӣϣصĵرȻۺ죬ɭİɱ֮£ۿһģͼԼڶʿȴԷӰӶҲ⻹Ҫȥ
ڳԨвЩʿȴѾû̫ˣֻΪЩͷݵʿ඼ʦڵڳȫѾɱġ
ǵţѾУ
ݣһ˴ͷеʿȫɧ
ۣ
˾ӵӣʣµģҲȫǻҲһۿȥֻʣ¾ͿֻţǸߵЩʿҲһ֮ɫʿֱӾͱһѪֱ¡
ӣҲҡҡ׹ôô˳Ԩڽڵʿǿٶʿôһ춼ͱǸһ״
ôģ
ģʿʱ޵ĶˣΣΧɱ³ĵףڴʱ£ҲһηͿֻš

Ҫô
תƿռڣǰһžۼһȦвɢȦѾʼ뿪Ź¶һ˿ЦҪɱĵˣѾ֪ʲôˡ

ˣǸһ£ˣ
ԨʿڣһʿͻȻԵ޹ʵ׹䣬ʣµʿȫǿɥҲ᲻һ˿ս⣬ֻǷ⾪Ŀң˶ȫ䱸ǣȴʲôҲֲˣԷνаɱġ
ʦ֣ǡ
ǸʿһЩʿʱҲȫˣһ˵ӣΪ֪־ڸȴȥ׷٣ɱ¾ʵ̫˱ˡ
ʦ֣Ǹһ̫ˣҿǻǡ
һʿȫηĿʿ˫ȫһƬ֮ɫ
˰ɡ
ʿҲˣд֣ԼһƷͷԳ׷£ϲǰһôǣԷȴսֻ޿ײİɱ
ǣҲһ˳

һϮ£ֱֱҧڳԨʿ󣬿ŶԷΪڴʿٶȣİɱٴ

һһֲҽУʣµʿ׵ëˣȻȴǾҲ˲չˣһЩóٵģֱӾɢţǰݡ
һŶӵĺ󷽣̾ͱ˲ˡ
ҲʱŹ̷תƿռİɱˣһϮۣٴӺ󣬼ĩˡ
£ˣ
ӡ
ʦ
һڲóеʿֱӾ͸еɱʱȫΪŵ

£Ҫ
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Уһ񾭽ŵʿ۽ͻȻƳΧһɫӰʱŻޱȵĴһܾʹ߶ɫӰȥ
춯;УҲֱŵøȫɫһݣ˲ȫʧȥѪɫ˻ȫĳɫӰɱȥ
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һƬѤĺɱΧǸɫӰֱӾͱɱнʿڲϵĴ߶ʿȺ壬Ѿ״ڱԵ
ȫס֣
޵ĽУʿ͵һŭȣֹס˵ĿĹ󣬵ȫ񲻸Ŀ򹥻Ŀʱŷֵѿһ
ôأ
أղžҿˣɫӰ

˶ţѾɱȫޱȵ
ҲʱԭΧһʿ͵طһŭ𣬡ǲ£ʦ֣ʦֻǴһɫ۶ѣô£
һŭ𣬰ʿ״飬ȫɫһ䡣
ҲʱУȴٴδһУ˳Ĭһʬ׹䡣
ʿٴɫһֱӾ˿޺ʱ£ˣ
¡ӡ
飬һγˡ
˭ֻ֪ҪһɢͻᱻһɱǾһϢģ֪˭һĿİɱ
ҵķУһϮ£ֱӾͳź󷽶ٻʿ׷ȥ


һ󣬿ڳڴһʮ״ʿոݵ˴ûüһ
һʿޱȵľһֱӾͶ׼һɫӰӣȫ
ʿĹҲһӾȫĲٿŷɱȥ
Ҳһ֮£ɫӰӣױݻٵһɶҲʱڷֻ֣һŷľ
ӳˣӳˡԭӰ£ңң͵һʿǣһҲܲסһޱߵĿ־ŻţֱӾʹſ⺰
ڻŻˡһʿҲǼӯڻŴǸӻˡ

óԨڣжɼһ׷ɱһˣȴһʱڣԷɱϮˣֻʣʮҲѾŵģֻҪɫͻ񹥻ʿ
һʿǱ㲣Լɫкͷ񣬳⣬ʿȫΪ֮ѡ
󣬵ЩָʿѵյδȥʿȫһƬ𾪣ȫڶʱڣȫ˳ڣЦڲˣ׷ϣ²ҪúͳԨһ³
һʱ䣬ŵڣȻֻʣһˡ
ɱ֮Ҳʿ֮ɫ䣬ҲһԷ֣ͼͨ죬ȡ֮ģֻʣηͲ
ԨǵѪڣյӣ΢΢Щȣͷ䡣


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ڣһɫӰǰĶݹں󣬴ӱԵشһ·ڵĹУ;ʿȫǷ׷˱ܡ
ȫſȶ־ηĿ⣬ʿ
Щʿһֱ治ɫʿȴǼЩ
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һ֣Ӧеķ緶
ʿҪ־磡
Ѵǰľźͺ߳ʱʿ˴˶һۣܴӶԷУ˴˵Ŀȡ


155 ȥ
Ź֣Ȼּ˾ɱķӣֻбҪвʱŻַ
Լ;һ·ڶʿֻҪԷɢ⣬ȻҲɱ
ҲûϵһֱΪ֮յ⣬ȻˣΪһӴɱȻֱӱƵһĴԱѪģֻҪ뿪ڣͱ֤Ժ׷ڵһУӦá
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һУŹҲڵִ˳ڴһŹֱӾȫս׼¶ԷѾԱѪģǵʿ棬һЩ޴ġ
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ļҲҿڿƼһ䶳ʳƷĻ˳


156 ϳǣع
䳵ִϳǣǱ滻һִװŹںϳǵ˳л켣˺ü죬ȵļĵһ꣬ϸУݡ
ϸУóöӽɽ֮۵ĻõǸصǹУѡһعһڵԪųһ
öŹУȴĲֻһ򵥵мּΪ֮һ⻹һЩȵȡ
СģЩᵤڸ֣ҲԷң֣Ҳû취ˡ
һ֮󣬶ŹֲŴӴָȡֻﲦ绰

õģ֪ˣҪ˵ˣٵȵȿҲǻСϳǣһķڣһɫ˿廨䣬һǳɫϥ۵ʽȹһ˫ɫ˿࣬ˮɫ߸Ь˿ȥʱУ͸©żԸеĺЩεĶŵ绰һѣЩǱĹ˵绰
һźÿ͵͵һ𣬸ղŵĵ绰ϼҵĸĸģס
һ󣬺Ҳ20꣬ͣڴŮ˵Ƿ绪ïͣڣⱾֻѧеͣľԱѾģڳũ壬в½еũĺ˵ͣ˵ģʵѲˡ
ϾҲѧ︸ĸźԵһˣͿʼͣĴߴ
ǵ˳Ը˵ҲʹӦ˸ĸĻȥˣǣѾ˲ǣȻٴӦĸĻȥˡ
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˭õǼһһ߾һꣿ
һֹӰ绰ʲôĶûУڿƼô绰硭ǼһʲôûдʵͲסĸ˵˵Լʱĸһʼ䣬ɵˡ
ؼҿȥ
ߣԶһëȻԹɫڷµ绰͵ؾʹӴͷСóһϸϸ廨룬ץͷһܾ
̬ҾϣһƬƬϣһòӡ
ԴӶŹʧĵڶ£ÿʱֻ߼绰ʱ򣬺򶼻ݺݵϼ룬Ժйߡ
Ҳڷڣ΢΢۵ӣʩ֮ʣ⣬һӰȴ͵һ򣬲ֱֱˤڵء
⡭
ŹֻˣڼҺ͸ĸž˼죬ת֮⾳︸ĸ΢һֱ֮ӻصϳǣһ·ûǰ绰ֻһϲû뵽ڣȴһġϲ
⻹εҲԥǲҪȱһʱ¥£ȴһŲһĸߴӣһõ廨첽˺ķǰ
ò˵ǰӣӢ˧գ䣬һȥִż˿أԵʱ
Ȼ⻹ǶŹ֣Ʒɶģһʿ²һ۾ܿǰӵһΣȫ綥ƷΣּΪָܳг߹ָߵ
һõ壬ִ¥֮һۼվںǰɫεĶŹֱ֣Ӿһ٣ЦݲŹ࣬Цιܲ鷳һ£
Źǰƣһʣ̾ȫԺھɵӣҲܿǺ׷ߡ
ʵһϣڶŹ뿪ǰμң̽ǲҪʮСʱ˱ֱӰЩ˸ߡ
ԴˣŹھһºͬ˰˱򣬲׷ˣֻҪԷûйֵΪʾμҲҪᣬϾԼģҲԺġ
ڼӺ󣬶Źֵû̫⣬ò׷󲢲ֵ֡
΢΢˼һ£ŹͻȻðһŹֵͷѡÿӡ
ŹֵãٴһЦȥţƽͣĵ»һ⣬˸ղŵεǱɫ϶׷δܾģǵһ£ӣԼܺڵŮ˵ЦһչʱԷ᲻ʼɵץ
ӡż˺һΣ;ΪˣȻĲǣټʣϣȴϢ͸˵ߣһġ
Զں־ڱصãһʱ䣬̽Էݺ¸ǾԼʧܣϾȻƯԼȴŮеİӣţũͨŮӣֵܵס׷
˼һ£ٴ޵Ƴ˶ŹһۣƺѾԷϵľɥĽȵɫĵš
˭ںܿһѯʣ󣬷Ҳһִֻڴ򿪣Ҳֻһ˲䣬ո¶յĺһӾʹ˵
ǰģǺôһõ廨
õ廨ǵһյǣõ廨ˡⲻǸļһôһ̣ڶݺݵһ̣Ȼʹôһõ廨⣿
Ҳֻһ˲䣬˶׼
𾪣ٵĺ˵ʱǳǳƽһ˫ĵ۾Ķţõ廨¶һԴĶŹ֣¶һϲޱȵļ
ŹԭǺµģڣΪõ廨ʱŹ־ӲǱӸһͷ

ٺ٣ֻҪŮˣȻֵסʻջ󡣡˫һõ廨ӣȻû͸ʻʱȴҲ˶Էٵĺ¶ʱһ˿⡣ȴ˿֪ѾթһΡ
еļˣһžͱһʻ𾪣ȻʻȡʱˣȻᱻǵú档
һ뵽£Ҳһ󼤶ŮˣܿҪԼĹˣԽԽ˷ܣٴγĵͷȥ
󣬾Ϳֲϵ棬Ҳһõ廨µĶŹ֡
ûֵܣұȣԶˡ
УĴԼ


ҲӼ˷ּŹַӵĿʱһֱڵĺһ󼱴ٵĴϢУ͵طһУһѾץʻֱֱʻˣ͵شԽһ˶ŹֻС
쵰
ڼ˷У򼸺Žе
ٺ١ҲǵʱŹֲһ§ס򣬳ͻȻԭصӴһЦֱӾӵŻеĽ򷿼ȥ
ȵȣûл˼أҲǵģ򻨾ԼˣﻹҪߣҲУ͵ط֣Ź໹һӣͻȻһһžޱȵɲǼȫθǣ޺޵˶Źһ£
ллŹתͷɱͻȻľ䣬ûع˧ӵһлӵ뷿صһš

ҲǻСѽˣˣҲ٣ǸļһȻģֱֱ˺þúþã˧ͻȻɫһ䣬ڷӦų׼ˣ⡭⣬ô


157 ͬѧţ
Ф˸ĺƣּǰķȣҲѵȻ޴棬ǸСӣôôӣ
Уһռ˱ˣּУФ˸ֱӾҪȥţȴ뻹ûüֱӾͺһۣǰһڣ˹ȥ
ȴǲ֪ʱһĸŮӣŮӸɾüФ˸¥ȥͬʱһ绰˺룬٣˺С
ŮӣμʮСʱѡǰŹֳʱѾ˶Ź֣ϾʱҲûΣŮҲ֪ΪŹ֣μҲſغȻţںФ˸
ããǺǣ񣬿ʱһˣжڣͲ㱣Сˡ绰ǱߣһʵһͣЦŵ
μңֹһֱ˰б򣬸ʱ̹עŶŹָĸԼǰŹֻؼʱμҾ͵õϢȻŹûȥμңǵҲû档
٣м¡ǱηĻŮ΢һԥǽѾεӵ¡
ǱߵηٴһͣЦĲǾȥһ¾ˡȻ˵Ҫ̫ΪЩˡ

ڣһҸ״һŴʻһŶŹֵʣĵļüҪڻһ𣬳˳ԳɵЦҲ˵
ͷӦ˹ͻȻߣһԭ㣿
˵⻰ʱȻװŭȴôҲβüǵϲá
ǺǡŹֵȻָ֪ʲôȴ𻰣ֻǽӵ󣬺ӣҲԽԽЩ΢΢Ͼ㣬⻹˵ڶΣӵǰΪôڡ
ȷ֡ӣɫź첼ȥƶŹ֣ȴŹһѰӣ󣬴ȵϢͳӣȥ

һһҪȴûֱܶӾͱ׷ס˫΢΢£ûųеõ廨Ҳֱµȥ
ڣȴûעʻŹ§ݵ֫һֻ֣Ҳʼص˳ȹȥ
һ˿ı˿࣬˿µķȣ̺Ѫ͵ĵԡ
ҪϸеֻĴ֣ٴһæְסò˵һֻ۵С֣ȴûжȣŶŹֵ֣ǣ˵ڡ
ŹֵĺҲԽԽȣ䣬ǲ֪һ˶񣬾ô㱡Ĳϣ˺С䣬ܵ״ٴһͳ̱ȥһϣüҪγˮ
˫⣬򼸺ǲţ֧ᣬ⣬ȴ˿ûöŹͣ٣ḧһ˫޳ԲȣһƬԾ˵ϣµҲԽԽʢ
ֱ֣ӣŵĴϣ󲻵ȺӦŹ־˳°ڣȥһ㱡֣ʼһŰ˵ѩ塣

ȵϮú͵طһͽУӣҲ͵ذڶ£Źڰεֱ֣Ӿ͸ܵһ˿ʪ⡭
ò˵ʱȴëˣֱӾʹŽʵߣ󣬡𡭡һû׼á
һ仰öŹһӾѹȻӿȿһģʱֹͣŰ˫֣˳
Ȼ󣬶Ź־һڨڨӣΡ
Ҳ֪ղΪʲôô嶯ò˵ղŵζĺܲ
ɫǡʱҲ̴Ӵ𣬺ݺݵİ˶Źһյľ䡣
ıӰ£ŹֱӾͿЩĶȹ£Өɫ˿ϣһ˿˿Һ壬ȴֿλ󶯣޲ҲŽȥ
Ҳ֪ȻôУһʪˡ
չ飬סˡ
ôƬ̣ˮֹͣʱźЩĿһۣŵȳȥҪ·
Źεĵͷ˳˷䣬ֹ˺þãż͵شڴ򿪣¶Ծɴż˿ߣȴĶ˵
ȥԷ΢΢ͷҲŹ֣ȴҲٽݣƺղһ
Է⻰ŹֵһֵͷʵԼڣһʱ䣬ûԹ׵ʳЩȻǰڼʱҲ˼죬ǺǰȣΧԲͬˡ
ЦЦŹŰ֮ǰΣץ֣¥ȥ
¥ԺȴҲûпȥʲôߵεĳƵ꣬꣬Ǿͽ·һƤ̯λ
ʵʵ˵ڶŹǰǾþڳȴֻһֻ·̯һʳڰ飬ҲһϣȴĹУŹֻźֱöԷһ糺죬˵ʲôȴʵעӣֻòסŰۡ
ܿ죬ƤͶٴΰ˶ŹһۣЦŶ룬ԼʳﲦһЩſ۵Сڣȥԡ
ҲڶŹ֣ոӣ׼ԷʱһȵĵͺֱӾʹ෽Ź֣㣿
ЩϤöŹֹס˶ͼһһзȻߣȴ˧ӣһľȣһ߳࣬վһʱ֣ȥȻǺƯȴԸеŮӡ
ףϳԷò󣬶Ź£Ҳһȣϸ¶һ˿ϲɫڵӣѧʱͬѧȻϳ֮ǰϵҲܺãѧʱ˵ͽţҲ棬ڱҵһ࣬żȻڽͷҲȷֵþϲ
Ǻǣͬѧ㣿ҸղŻΪۻأϳʱҲ̯λǰЦһ¶Źֵļͷſ򣬱ޣ΢΢Ƭ̣ϳЦǺǣɩӰɣСӣԲģôһŮ
ǺǡĻŹֲ˵ʲôֻЦЦȴһɩӸ࣬ϸĻϲɫ
ŮѣݣǵòϳٴοڣһߵŮӡ
ǵãͬѧŹʱҲģˣԸŮһǵʱĴѧͬѧò˵ӡеȴԶûǰôԸУòԸ̾һŮ˵ı仯
ǣáЦŹִкֳЦЦӹһ˿΢ɲĶʼɣŮˣҲδ̫ƯˣƯŮˣȻҲֻǸ·߳Ƥʱ²һ˿οԽУͷС̯ǮһƤҲʵ̫˰ɣҲŹ֣İĳȥ
ǺǡһͷЦϳֱ۵ͬѧķأ
һݵ⣬һЦϳ΢΢һ٣ĵ£ҲȻһӴԽУȷڸտʱıԷòһѣҲܲζΪʲô⿴ȥƽƽСӣ޸ò˵һ¶ŹڵƯŮѳ·̯ǻǡ
йǱģ̾ϳĵ£е㣡
Էܻĺôȣǲʮǧˡ
°ˬһϳɫȴǲ䣬ֻǿڵǣ컹ˣϵһͬѧۻᣬʼһΪϵˣû뵽·ʱ㣬ߣˣһȥһȥ
󲻻磬ҹУζȷܣ߳Уһ꣬ȡòСĳɹϳһͬѧͬѧᣬҲȷܶһǵͬѧһԼٹ⣬Ȼ⡣


158 
ͬѧ᣿ŹȻΪףȴҲܿ͸ĵ׵ͷֻǶͻͬѧᣬе㾪ȣǰЩͬѧΪʱȽĲûмֻǺͬļϵˡ
ò˵ԷͬѧᣬҲЩǰѧļǣ󣬶ŹЦʵЦǼô
˵ǼǣҲϵϣӦþȥˡϳһͽӿڵ
ǺǣǺáŹЦЦͶԺһȥɡ
ĵ£ֿ˻ļһл˽һЩˣæľ͵ͷӦ
Ǻǣ߰ɡϳٴαƴӵ΢΢һѣЩۺ˶ŹһۣЦ
ãŹҲͷ
˾˳ĸȥһ·ϣϳͰݣȻ飬ģȴһֱѯʶŹֵĹεȵȣⷽ棬ŹȻýӿڣʹκվ
ܿ죬һ־˾͵ִĸһԻ͵Ǽǰͣ˳˲򷹵ǰȥ
˾Ƶ꣬һ˴װʺĴֱ¥İִ˰ǰϳЦȥţ󣬰ڵĶʮˣȫ⿴
ǣϣһΪ㲻أϳĳ֣ɳһЦ
ݣҲ˽ĳ֣һݽõŮӣ̾ϲվݣˣ
Ҳڷڶʮˣϳ˵ĳ֣ʱһڰſڵˣȴ̣ðе̾;
ذ׵۵ʽȹõ¶ɣһ޳ֱȣѩ׷ۣԶΪ֮ѣˮɫЬ߸ڣСţǿɰףһĶ쵰һͷ΢ĳŮӣȻ˵̲סһ¶
Ҳֻһۣڣеԣ۹̾ͱЩеŮԣһ̣ǶЩԲ㲣ղݽõŮӣҲ̲סһ˿ʼɡ˵ѾǾʮֵŮˣǰŮӣ޽ӽһٷ֡
ΨһƻŮģԱֱ۵ӡ
ǺǣǣϳҲһ£Ƭ̺󣬸ղŷԶ͵ػЦϳ
ǣŹ֣205ģԱǸŮѡϳ΢΢һ˿⣬Ǻܿ
ԭҲͬѧԶһЦջؿĿ⣬ЦŶԶŹֵͬѧķأ
һ仰Ҳ˰˵ע⣬еģǷʼɶŹôһƯŮˣȻԷΣŮģȻҲⷽһصţУŮ¼޴
ϳͰݣһ·϶ûʱҲ
ô˵עӣŹٴһΣƵǣΪγŬô
ֻ֮ҡͷûʲô˵ģֵһᡣ
ǣŹ֣ǿˣͬѧ߳Уţһ˵˵һһ𣬻һءһ⻰ԶЦһЩϲĵ˱ˣԶô飬һȻ㵽ôһƯĹֵŮѣӹһԶ£ܵԷƷζԶ֪ԷܻúܺãȻҲˣ
ǣͬѧղǸݵŮӣʱҲ˺һۣķͷںֵһ̣ȫȥҲһô󲻿죬ܴⷽ棬ʾһԼԣŮҲЦʲôҪæĵطǻܳ
Ǻǣǰǰ綼ˣŹ֣ҪջᣡȻ֪Źʲôϳȴ֪϶ĲãЦ
ŶһС湫˾ưɡ֮£Źֻ⽲һ䣬¸ͬѧᣬһ˿ʧǼĻѣһû
Ǻǣ㻹ƣǷݹûʲôǰ;Ҫںϳ򷿣Ҫһʮ겻ԲȲСһ⻰ڵˣȴͬʱһƵأٴ
ϳЦŵ綼ˣҹ˾ϰɣҲһС湫˾ҵкæԱǿ
ǰǰǵĺŮѿй̾־ֳҵĹӣĸҵ˾ӣҵ̫ˡҲ̽ӿڣȴЦſ˺硣
˵ʵҲΪǲϵܿϵһС˾
Ȼɣڣҷ¥ҿţԲͬѧίġԶһͬѧķˣЦƳ˺һۣŶԶŹĵ
ԼĹԶǳԺ޷꣬ϳǶǺϳҵϼµӪĿҵڵص֮һ¥㾭Ҳȷ˲ٹϵġ
ϳԶĿڣֱӾ͸ŹһƬĽͶʼɵ۹⣬ò˵ȺͬѧõľǺ磬ԶǹϵϳͰݣ˳Ӻ͹˾Ҳһ˿׽˵Ŀģû뵽ԼûڣŹ֣ͻȻôô
һʱ䣬һŮ΢΢ЩƣǶʼɵСӣѱմ˰ôƯŮѻԶͺһ£
ŹЩЩˣֻܰڰֵˡ
ͬʱתߣջˣЩС£ʵڲֵö
û뵽ˣˣȴһӾȫ
ˣ
һǲʶôѵΪҷݹôȻܾԶ˵ĺ⣿һʱ䣬Уȫ¶һ˿Цζ
Ҳ˵ĽУԶٴЦˣǺǣСݲͬѧ񰡣Ǿˣ
ǺǣǵͬѧǰءҲЦˣЦȴһ˿Ҳһ˿ԵԽС
ŮƯôҸɵˣǡ
ҲʱϳٴһЦЩҡͷƳ˶Źһۣŵ磬Фûô˵Ҫʶһµİ
һϳĻˣȫӶŹתƿעȫǾһФ٣й̾־ֳҵλӰܸϵϵǡ
Ŷ˵²ˡ絹εüЩǸЦ
ĻһƬϧٴú£ӿױȵԺ㣬ƵĿ˺򣬿ҵˣ˰ͽҪʶ


159 
Ҳʱ⣬ȴͻȻһͺȣСô
ܣһԭΪФٲ΢΢ЩʧԶ̾һҲ¶ױȵĲЦȥš
ŷŵĴ򿪣⣬¶һʮңĿҺӣǵƳԶһۣЦǣ˵ͬѧأô˳ô
ǺǣлܹģͦõģԶЦЦϵӿڵФٵŮѾ棬ܡ
Ǻǡ¶һ˿΢ЦԶ飬Ȼںϳǣμҵ̫һй̾־ֳĲ˵ץĸгμҵˣФֳĶͷ˾˵ʡֱμҲˣФֳˣҲڲӣǱϾμҵֻΪμ֧ӵܣФ٣ȴҲҪкһµġ
ЦſڣŹֺ͵ؾһͣ꣬ƺе죿վߵŮӣƯҲһʧ񣬵ò˵ĻһԼϤС
ǺǣҵͬѧԶŹǴȴҲΪԷֻΪͣæСͣФٵŮ档
ŵͷͷɻ󣬿磬ǺǣС㣬ʧʧٷˣǡ
ǰ̾Цźͺ󣬵Ⱥ͹˵Фٲʱٴο䣬Ц˳ȥ
ֻǰŹ˵񣬻Щɻ
ˣ˭أΪʲôôϤУ
Ҳߺڣٴը˹˶ΧźԶ״
Ǻǣ磬ţˣ޵ܾҪʺأǼأ
ǰܶԶҲܿأҪ˶ãԶҪˡ
ǺǣʱҪչһЩͬѧ

ЩҵĴУԶٴһ´飬ǿŹֻԶԶվţϸһ˿ϲԼȥ˼ʱȫ
Ź֣ɵӲɣһ׶Ӧ
٣ģαظأóԿ
ǣУһˣô

ź˵ĲϲˣҲвֱڣŹֵҲ˳ŪͲмȻͬѧǱͺͶŹֲ죬ҪǲܣҲܼǵȻڳŪ䡣
Ҳ£ԶȴǴȵһ֣ˣͬѧ
Ȼû˵ȴҲЩ⣬˰һȽϣʾˣ
ò˵˵ԽвŸոߵ㣬ͱһ죬ͻȻϡ۵һոչϲõķţֱӾͱײ󣬸ղʩʩȻȥֱ꣬ӾЩǱĳ˽ǰ˵ľ޴̾һ
˵ղ꣬ǵģϣʱ̱λߵķ緶ֻĽ;ķݣô˿̣ϣȫһĶִһ˿ͽᡣ
⳹׾˶ˣԶڳ޹ʱҲˣȴδʱ̡
ò˵˸𾪵ģں棬һĵɫսսģֱӾŹǰȾϲĵǶɣ
꣬˶ŹֵˣɲǼڣ·˶ӵǧ򲻿ɵ˾ҪϱĶ
꣬ȻǼϵӵܣȴҲ֪Լҵж·ҪϱˣָӵжôӴֲֿ
һŹֵݣųëˣֱ绰ηһ¶Ź˵ò̵õηָʾ
Ȼǳ޳ԷǾμҵĸ֣ǧչ˺˶Ź֣ϸϹ
ηԭԭȴŵ겻壬ηһ֣ۼλȴǧǴûֻһ֣η˼ġ
޳Էμҵĸ֣
һͷҲ̫˰ɣ
һ뵽ȻԱ˿ƽֱӾͻ𼱻ǵĳ˹
һı飬ŹֵһΣ˵ͷ
ٴһ󼤶Ҵɨ˰һۣͻȻĿԶ˵Сôöôֵĵطòͣôµģ
⡭ܣԶ׾ˣǷʲô裬ϴ˰ɣŹ֣η
ˡȻղţһͬѧϴһ󣬱ֵ̫ŹȴĲƽ̫࣬ھͺֹԶŭ⡣
ǣ֪ˣһһԶôһֱվأǺǣѾ֪˳޳ԷϾ͸
仰ٴԶһƬκˣ٣еĴ٣ֻμҴ٣ִϼŵδ١
ԶֱǼһ涼ûлᣬǣԷȻŹ󣬾ͼͰ͵ĸ
⡭òǻþɣ
ȡҲʱղһֱĺ磬Ҳڷӳ˹ʱһЩŹֵɨɨһۣղŶԷ̬ȻҲ֪ԷֻǿФ˸ϣ˵Ф˸Фֳ϶ѣ̬ȣҲֻǻڣŹ֣Ȼͽ˹
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ô˵ʱ»һ˿߰Ͼ֪μҵϸ꣬ҲֻǰܶѣǼФ˸ˣ϶Ӱͽ
ԷԴͶԴŹֵ̬ȣ仯֮ҲֱӾһ˿ⲻҪʾŹֱԵÿô
ȻڣҲٿ˶Źֲ򵥣Ф˸ġ˿񣬾Щϲ
һ˿ֻ߰Ƭ̺󣬾ͱ״÷顣
ֻ⣬ٴһĸߴӢӣһţʹֵĵ磬ˡ
һĺȣ˶ſڿȥʱϣһ˿ϲɫФ˸ˣߣФ˸ڣǸðͽ˭
Ԥϣԭһ̬Ф˸һɨͶŹ֣ɫͻȻǴ䣬ôվƬ̣Ф˸εֱǰһ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݣô⣿
Ф˸޵Ķˣôһˣ磬ŹһѺ뱨һ£˭ֱ֪Ӿͱ˴ˣһ˳ȥ߻һԭǻŭ׼йһģ˭֪úͽӵԼүӵĵ绰ҪǧҪǡ
ФֳĺܣڣФֳصľҪǶŹֻ֣ˡ
Ф˸ı֣ٴε߸ڣ˵֪й̾־ֳĹӣôڶŹǰһСһ


160 Ųҵģ׼
ͬѧᣬǡˡһʯ㽩ͬѧŹٴҡͷһ̾
ǰһֱԲ죬ǺƵĺ򣬵˴ʱȴͻȻҲؿ˺һۣĿУԺͽǻ˶Źֱֵۡ
ò˵ڣȻºܿģɻҲԽԽˣһε£ǼС˶ԴŹ֣˵ʶֵˣǶٽ͵ͨϾϵĻ죬¹ʲô
ڣФ˸ԾǺ˿˵ģּ̾ҵĹӣԶŹ֣ȻҲ
ߡһﵽҶ£ϸ˼һȴǷŶŹϸϸһܽޡ

˵㵽Ҷ£ȥһ꣬㾿ȥˣͬѧᣬԷκ͹ķΧģº˸ϼƶ˵ݣһ˵ȼĽ𾪵뿪ģȵ˼Ժ󣬺̾Ҳ̲סµɻ󣬶ݺݵĶŶŹֱ
ò˵һ˳ŮӣҲʵʲôƣ̾ͿĶŹһЦȴֱһգݺһֱۣĹĵ۵ӣ㲻˵ˣҲʲôˣ
ˣŹżæֹסЦӱסҲĹĵǵȷʵܶ£ֻܲˡ
㲻˵ô֪ҽܲˣһֹͣתͷһϣĵȥ꣬ǲǡ
ŹͷŽߵٴӿһɳ嶯ֱӾ΢΢ͷĴ˫ͱԷ͵ߺ赲
ˣȡѽŸ˵Ƚ£ȴŹ־Ȼֱ˳С̾һͺҲ
ЩǱİ͵ƿڣȴֱӱŹ˳ȻҴҶ˫ȴֱԷϸ׷۵Ĳһ·Ϯȥ
㡫𡫡͵طݣֱֱֱһ£ŵһûԭأߡһһ绰򣬰
Ļǳ׷ˣֻΪŹֵ֣˳ȹװ°ڣ˽ȥ
Ҳǲ㡭ŹһֲסںĴĦֱûнסһ죬Ҳ˱Уĵ
㡫˵ʲôȴҲ̲סĿкӣӣҲȥ
Źȹ£סĦ֣ҲԽĴ󵨣ֱӾ쵽һϸСᱡڿԵ
𣡣׼̽ȥʱѻûһ˿ĺͻȻһͳһסֵĴ֣һ˿ĵ𡫡
ĵ£ȴ߼ĿҪ޳ˣһôôɫ
Źȴû˵ֻͻȻץס֣ȹ³˳̾ú͵һΪʹ˽أȴ룬һֱ̣Ӿ͸еСֱǣţһ㱡Ĳϣһ˶ȵϡ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬˳׾ʹ
˺þãɶŹֿ֣ץסǶľԼûɵһǿҵļ£ŰľһæɿеĶƴҪӿ
ҲֻǿʼУֱֱŹַ˫

ǿҶְԵϢܿ죬ʧ˹ȥԺģҲٴȥ

ãЩ΢΢ˣŽֹֻͣȫڴϣӵ
һαЩ岻ֱʱһֻ֣̻ͦԲΣʱȴûһ˿ֻǺһ˶ſڶŹǰ
ֹûϢ֮󣬺ĵĺ˶ŹһۣһΰסĴ֡
ٺ١ŹָЦһӣڻģȥȥʲôôȤ
ߡ㲻˵ˡٴĹĵһȥǲȤһ˫ĵĴ۾ȴֱֱŶŹ֣ڴ
ȥʲôʵǺ⣬ģֻǲϣʲô
ǺǡŹٴθЦһ죬˵ʲô󣬻ʲôҲû˵
£ڣбҪһֱô
ʵŹѾ˴㣬úҲһȥڣһϾ˵Ĺϵһֱ£ס˥ϣ͸ĸ²ͬĸĸʹˣһӶôƽʺԺһԶŹһֱŸĸѰٵĵҩǴͷȴᡭ
ò˵Ҫ̤磬ŹȴҲ֪̫޻˵֮£޷ͣʵ֤ȻţڣȻѾ˿ܵ׷ߣȴ֪ǷڸԲʩչԪȵȡԪʩչ͸˵׽粼¾ˣӣ̫ۣᵤڸһѣΣѾڽɽϹŴҵ˾Ĳ֮Ҳúʹá
뵽󣬶ŹڻʲôҲû˵
ˣȻ㶼Ѿˣ˵ˡȴһֱעŶŹ֣ſԣȴʲôûһɫͻȻӿһġ
һǲ׼
ǺǡŹٴӵһ£ȴֻеЩӲЦܲ˰Щ£Щء
ߡһһۣżҽڣҿԲȥȥʲôңȵ㻹᲻ߣ
һʵ˾ֽһһ߾һ꣬ȫޣĻġ
Źһͣ϶ҪߵģҪߡ
ʲôһ⻰еɫҲһ˲ʵĸɸɾŹֵҲðԹò˵Źһ仰̾תŭΪϲһ˷ܺȸԾ
ҴҲһߣ㲻ϲȥ£ǽӴͨкܴ𡣡ɫ󣬶Źȴһæ
ģĴһȥ΢΢ЩɣæסŹ֣ŵ׷ʡ
㵽ʱڡ⵹ʵȻ٣ӵ˵ܴ󣬵ŲٵգҲÿ˶ܽܵġ
ᣬҲŲʲôֻҪڣС϶Ļشٴһ˷ܺͼǼĵ
ǺǡŹ£һжŮˣǳ֮⣬ʲôں˰Ͳʲô£϶Ļش𣬲ЦˣΪͻȻ֪򿴵Щͨ񼣵󣬻ʲôӦ
ͻȻŹһЦȻʱʲôǺܿģȴҲӿһ˿
ΪԼʲôܲôߣҲ̫СԼˣ
ԺֱӾÿĶüŶŹֽͷߣΪʲôûʲôعɱʲôģҶг׼Ųҵģ
عŹһ㶣һʲôں飬ٴһȻʧЦ˼άԼһʧһ꣬ڼ绰ܴ򣬻ĻЩֻевеְҵʿʵϡ
׼ôʲôŲ


161 ʦܣԶѹܴ
ٴǻЦŹҲûм˵ʲôֻӵԲѵõ´档
ļ죬˾һֱͨСһ֡棬һ㣬һ䣬ŹǴʩ࣬ܺǽķε֮ռ˱ˣûͻһ֮⣬ϣŮ֮£˸㡣
ҲǺÿÿһʱֲöŹֵóѣȻ
ҲȻʵʱŹҪǿȻֵܵˣֻŹȴԸǿ
ʱ䣬еĶȹС£һĽ٣Źֲһɣ֪ʱڽˡ
㣬뿪ڽ絽ڣҲȹ˶ʮ죬һֱҪȵʱŷڣأҲٶᣬǾ仰޴
ˡŴⲻС꣬Ź˫У
ôˣϲ죿һԵĺȴŶŹֱֵۣʮĲõȴԽԵý޶ˣ˵ǰڲ֪䣬˺ƾ󲿷˵ߣôڣϣȴֶһ˿Ķǵ̬һȥ̲סľʧݳ٣ƫƫȴ׺ߣֱӦǷţ༰ķΪһ壬ԵֵǾջ
ˣǾ͸ˡ˳źĻŹȴһЦϸ׼ô
һϣ¶һ˿˿˷ܺڴȥȥĵطͨ˽ӴĴͬ£
ʮҲżʣǵʲô£ŹȴͣǸʱʱôһƣˣ˵ҪһˣȻҪܣٲȴҲԽԽ棬һɻҪ˴𰸣Ȼϲѡ
¥ɡŹٴһЦǣ־ߡ
ִﶥ¥Ժ߳¥ݼ䣬ŹֱָӴźȥ
ʲôʪ˻ġ״ȴһæţһֱֻۣ˳һ˿Ŀռ䣬Ҳֻһ˲䣬ˣͻȻһͳɵ
һϸУŹƽƽ֣ǰһԲֻԭֱߵ꣬ͻȻ͹Ŀʼתᣬֻ˲Ϣ⣬γһȫˮɣȥ͸ȴʱתˮ͸֮Բ֡
ͨļޣȫǹһ󣬳úˣĶ͸֣۶ãɻһӣҲ͵ŵԲԲġ
ɵͷɵԵȴǿɰ˼㣬öŹֶһ㶣ϲ˿ɰʱ
Ҳ󣬶ŹֲһЦһס⼲۶
û죬˵ٶȣȴĿ·һһͳʧС
һƣѾΪһ壬ǽᵤǿߣҲӦϢ̽
˵ڡŹִʱ֮ΪָҲΪɱ¾ˣ㲻ʱ򣬶û취һһսƷҲѹһ룬ϰöָУżмڵʿָڸнڽƣȻҲֱ뿪ڽ硣

hʦ㣬˵ЩȫģƷɣһԺԺһװ۬һŵĿիh
һΣƷʿȫǼ˵۬һ·ʿȣԶʩչطմ˶ŹֵĹ⣬ϻŽѣˣڣΪҲΪһشֱӵǰڣֻǿիh۬һߣʱסʦֵλӣҪָֻޡ
իhڼľգͲˡ
ԴʱѾ˺ܾãϣ༸һƬ֮ɫ۬˵ȻǶŹɡ
۬ľȣҲʵڲΪ棬ΣҲŻǶŹ־իhõģһСľ͵˳ƷһСģɽ˳Ӷɽ
Щ£իhڰǰѾɾЩ٣ǼһûôŰɣ
ǺǣõЩʲôãܰȫիhȴǿЦü۬ĻɣʵϾЩʿѰ궼ԵüģôһСһӶһɶۼիhţ˵۬ˡ
ǰһΣõıʵ̫ˣǺѡԶҲһüһӣԶ˼߻ָƣϾիhϢ̫𺳡
ŹرʵܴܲӽᵤڸѣҲ˵ᵤڵĿֲʵҲǺϾҲûʸ̽ᵤʿʵֻܾõķ롣
һУҲիhҪԵĸԶֻ۬Ϊѡ
Źֵõô౦ѾڵʿΪƶأɱ£ݣȻҲ˶֪ܣԶ۬ȥǿ£ŹӳһҲһֱ׷ȥʱ鵽ƷɣԶ֪۬飬²һӾ¶ˡ
˵ǣիhҲţԶ۬ԱܣϾǶŹˣǵʱһ׷䣬鲻ãһ鵽ŹǻƷɵģǻƷˣΪвŹֵĳ룬ʱ֮ǵģԶիhΪ˼˵ɵδԶˣҲй¶ܡ
оǣô䶯һ£ֻҪڿʱһȻͻᱻʿʱһ¶ŹֵòʲôģԶҲ֪ܲ
֮ǰһЩܽĽ˳˺֪ܿܵĳƷ˽֪ģӶɽ£ŹڽɽõʲôȴûϾ鵤ȵȣ̫󣬻һӣֻҪһիhһͷۻĸĵر
ǺǣҵǾãһӳԶ̾Ϣ۬һЦ͵ǼһɽʼһβǶҪǴһģҶ챻ľˣ϶ʧġ
ǺǣҲԣ⻰ԶֱһͣŹǰ֣²ӿһŹָУǰǸһһΣ𾪵ԼӸкöΣƵѪײǽ
һΣԷǷܼ漣
իhЩɫҲ΢΢ÿ࣬ʵǶԶŹĵģȻҲͬһߣֻǹңôˣŹֻû֣ȻЩҡ
Ҳʱ۬ȴٴһЦЩŹֵĵˣǼһ˳Ӧúܿ죬ͿԳŽˣһΫhʦҲٷģĻ֮ͨǼһſɲֹ֮ɣٺ٣һʱ䣬ʹ޵УֱڣҲ̫ǾͿҪĿڽһСʦ˰
Сʦܣһꣿһ⻰ԶիhͬʱһΡ
իh͵һ򰡣ǰŹֿǾҪΪǿˣ⣬۬ӣ֪ĲϸҲˣȴ֪Ǽһͱ鵤ֲֿҩģڣһġ
һꣿֻһ꣡
ǰȴһֱˡһꡱֻΪЩȥ롣ֻΪٶҲ̫ˣ
ܵģիhӱͷϾҲ̫ˣһ۬ĻŻһӣܾе㲻Ծʲôˡ
ԶĿ֮󣬲ͻȻһĵͻȻ;ãкܴѹҪôʹﵽڣҲ̫̫˱ˣ
ڵĹأֻҪڣܽΪһӣͼƽƽһ뵽һǰһĴӵļһھҪƺԼΪʦ֣Զ˸о֮⣬ѹܴܴ
ȿȿȡһԶ̾ϢŸոջָիhֱӾһΣһҲ৵һӾǺˡ
ʦѹܴ󣿻ֻǾöŹп󲻾ãڣիhȴ֪ˣǣõôֲĵôֲҩ²Ѿǰ۷徳ˣ⣬իhһӾͬӣ֣ǿʵҪǶŹĴﵽǰ۷壬ԶȴΪˣ²ǶпҪһʦˡ
ʦ֣իhһΣ˱ͷֻ֪ôģһҪĿڽжŹʦ֣իhȴûɵһ˿ģϸ΢΢ֳһ˿Ρ
ı仯ҲһԶ˵ע⣬ôʦã
ûûʲôիhæ֣εĲȥԶýͣŹֵΪʱѺܿߵһȻԶѹͲˣֻɾ
ڣʦܣǡϣҪ̫һ׼Ӧʱ䡭Զ״ҲûֻͻȻٴ̾һһ˫Щ΢̬۾ơ
ҲʱɫˣֱӾȫһ٣⿴ȥիhһӣֱֱͷԺ⡣
˿ôһ뵽իhֱӾһ󼤶Զ۬ڱ˴˶һۺҲһϲҲ˳ȥ


162 ʦ
󣬷ԺڵˣȫˣһӣһװŮͷ
շУ
ҲֻһۣԶ۬ǰһڣֱӾԭظ
ôշУշУֻ˵Էɹˣ
ǡǸղż˻Ʋ⣬һڣɹѾǼ޵ˣ
šʦܣޱȵľУԶǿȥĳ嶯ֱӾһַ·ʧǻŹ֡
۬ҲͷԵģֻһͷʦܡ
ղΪԼĻֻһЦû뵽ɾһӱˣ
ò˵˵ķӦիh̾ʹ˵һҲˢıðֻĶŶŹ֣˵
һ̣ĶǼϲãôһŮˣ
һۿǸһװЩĵŮӣիh£Ҳֻһ˲䣬ǴζƿһһȻڰȫ뿪ں󣬻˼ȥһ˻
ѵ֪Լӣжൣ
իhķӦҲ˶Źһ͵ؾһ˿С
ʵʦҲһЩͷҲ̽һôѺҲһ˿ȵȣò˵ЩҲֻԣԵѣԺĸȣһ¡
µիh֮䣬ξͬĸжʹ˼ĸ΢̵ı仯ȴһĶŮˣĶȣһϣҲûʲôȻҲһƷɡ
ò˵իhʱķӦͻȻ֣ԼȻիhû̫£Էȴƺ
ΣŹֻѹеĹŹ֣ź˰ա
򡭡һΣȴһֱɵͷɵԵĿɰģһСʱں·ϣӳ˹Ź־͸һ·֤һ·漣ܣϾȻ񻰰顣
Σһ·ʵеʱ䲢Ǻܾãֱڣ򲻹ܿʲôģЩ¶ԵҲûϾ̫ΧһУرիhķӦһ̣ڽµֱӾվڶŹЩ䱸ֺĴܡ
⵹öŹ͵һãֻҪûѽʲôľͺá
ʦܡҲʱԶȴٴֹ쵽˶Źһŵɹˣ
Źһ㶣Զʵ̫˵㡣
˵۬Ҳֽ̹һֱӾͷɨŹ֣Ҳţô˵֮ǰ١
۬Ļ̽ȴǸȻֹһӣֱһ˾˹ȥ
ֱǰ۬˸ģһ𾪵˼ͷǶʦܣһֱӾͳɶʦˣ޴ĴԼЩ׳
۬һΣիhԶȫˣիhҲڹ˲ȥŹ֣æһѷס۬͵ͽ۬ʦã۬ʦã
ҲһҡΣ۬˹ֱֱ۬͵Ź֣۾УһƬԹԹζֻ޲ûڻ˶ŹƵġ
˵ôĥ˵ġ
ĥ£۬ľֻһ仰
۬ʦãǺǣʦܽڣǺ£ǺǣȻȣȷʵе㡭һ۬ԶȻ´ΪŹ֣Ǵһ˿ң۬
ܲңҿ֣ʱܵشµʿʱǰƿҲ˵ڵִǰڣڵƿʱֱӽȻ²Ҫ˶ã͵øĿڽʦˣһͷӾһǱҲҿʱ̫Զһ˿ţǱסˡ
ҲΪˣŻȥοܴ۬
ò˵Ļأ۬ȴͻȻĿֱԶһëȻʱͻȻһЦʦ֣ʦڿˡ
Ǻǣ֪ڡʲôڣԶĽڣֻһ룬ͻȻɫ䣬ֱֱתŹ֡
ڣ
իhҲһɲǼ׿飬ѣĳ嶯֪ŹпԿӹĿֲҩ֪ƿʮǰ뿪ʱԷֻڣŶʮ죬ˣ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ӣիhȫٷŹ֣󳹵ʯ
УǲԼͬðͬһͷǾԺҪĿڽһʦˡիhãһЩ׼ǰҲΡϰˣԶܲ˾޴Ĵֱ׷۬ĺ󳾶ȥ

ǶôˣĿһ仯һԵĺȴǿһĿɿڴŹֵģ
ûʲôŹЦЦʵתеϢĹʱԶˣѾٲΪֻǸûбҪ
Ц֮󣬺òԶٴλָΣիhԺĴڡֱڣԶ۬ȣҲЦȴЦıȿ޻ѿ
ʦ֣״ģ㵱ôģҲǵʱիhŰͣһֱŶŹµĺһ˿Źһ˿Թʵ
Ǻǣʱ뿪ںΪ˸٣ԲֱӻȥһӣǺҡһοիhеĹŹ֣ŹһͷƤըĺᰡ
ֻȽ꣬իhȴͻȻɫһϲֱӾʹĻԭǺ±˸٣
ԭҲ˿ԼĵǣȥйģԭǺ¸鷳ͺիhϲֻЩĶĺ»һƣףʣҲһôƯĵӰɣ
һ뵽իhͻȻЦʦ֣ݣڻҪô
ʲôݣŹһ㶣˵£
˵ڣһǰǸ棬ھڣ֪ôիhĿƵĶŶŹ֣һĹŹ֡
ȷе鷳ŹҲЩƣٶȣ̫ˣƷĴڣֻ֪ģڣȥһһ׷µݵĻЩ
ͨУǲܱ©ʿˣһŹֵĳ˼իh̾ʵ
Źֵͷ
Ҳǣ㲻ʺΪͽˣիhῴ˿
⵹ǡŹٴεͷ
ǺǣǾºˣȻĴӣҲûիhٴһЦһ˿⡣
ĹֵŮ£Ȼ󿴵Ľһ㣬ٶŹֺĻᣬǾ͡
ȻիhԼԼΪʲôô룬ȴǱܵĵִŹֺͱƯŮ׽
˼֮իhЦŵǰɣμʦ
һӳˣжŹʦʦʦֶô


163 ʦ֤
ŹҲˣʦֶ
ʵʵ˵ڣԭΪڵ׽磬ȫ
Ҳûпǹɺָô˴˳ƺò˵һҪʦʦʲôģֻаС
ҡĽʦҲڶŹ£ΪʦһνадʢʱȴͷԵתͷŹ֣˿ڴϣǸʲôˣôðһıֹϵ
ǣȺһۿŹ۶ǹŹֺƺҲ͵ʲôʱΪߣֱֱ͵ͷʲôҲˡ
˵ı֣իhһӾֻΪ˵ı֣Щ̫Źˡ
ѵѾʲôˣһͷիh¶һģúúÿƯŮӡ
Ҳ˼Щ΢ʱһֱܴԶ۬Žع۬Цŵǹϲhʦ㣬ٴϲüͽˡ
۬Ƿȥ̽塣
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ҲüͷʱիhȴͻȻһʦ֣֪ڣûٵҩĵҲû취
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ŶȻ£Źȴһ󼤶һأǵõϿɵĵʦأǴҩʦأǵֻҪܹαأв飿⣬⻹￼ȡרҵʸ֤һ֤٣ܵöʿͬαѶȣ
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ÿʱҪƹӮʦֱ಻ʤ˲´λҲֻһˣܴͨأõٶѡ
ٴνһ飬Զ̲סµɻ󣬶ԶŹֵʦ֣Ȼϣų󼰵츳Ҳˣһȴʿƿأһͬʿ¶ϰҲûһͻƵأȻһ֪ڴ浤ķѶȡ
ǰǰһȫµ򣬶Ź֣ɱ˵Ҳôգ۬Ҳ˹ֱӾͶŶŹһǱˣǿͶȫ°


164 Խ
ǺǣҾãǿȥԡԶ۬ɣիhȴǹŹһЦŹɹˡ
ӺζڽɽֱӵõģҲԼģԶ˶Ϊڽɽõģիhȴ֪Լġ
ɹǶŹαҲԹأǣ⻹ڣ̶ʮʹ޵дﵽĳ̶ȣٸһЩʱ׼
ϾڣҲֻǸոյڽʱѣĵ俪ʼһʱ䡣
իhĻҲֻǸأֱӾ͵Զ۬ȫһͣ˾ͷճյĿիh
ʦã˵ʲô
ȥԣαǿ
ȫЩı飬իhٴιŹһЦЩƮĿŹ֣˵أʦ֣
٣ҪȥһԡŹֱӵͷĻشֱӾԶ۬ٴһͣãֱ롣
һһˣǻǻʧȥĵġ
ҲȥիhһЦԶŹֵʦ֣ڣҽ̵ŵˡ
Źٴεͷſ򣬲ԷȴΪǳνΣѹʱöŹһŹ֣Ҳǡ
뿪իhıԺ󣬶ŹҲûлԺԺֱת뿪˻Ʒɡ
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ڵǾֵֵǸոտԽһƿ䣬תƵĶѡ
ķ˲ʱ䣬ץʮֻޣһһǵľֵֵתΪԭҺھƷʮλãŹתǱɡ
룬Źֲûֱһֱע棬ᱻ䵽ĸԺ
ô֮Ÿоիhź򣬴ɽ£ñԺ֮իhתȥ
ϯӴ·Ȼ΢΢ɻһЩŹҲûж룬ֱӾիhȥ˺ıԺ
ҲƿķľʱЩĺֱӾһȿʱŻһͺǼͷ
ٺ٣ʦҲһŹֿԷӵȴааһЦ٩
һ仰ٴúɫǺޱȣݺݵİ˶ŹһۣЩŵĵǶˣ׷ֵģɱ
١ŸȻʧЦɻ£ղǾ䣬Ҳֻǵ٩Ͼûôɫ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֱӶһξԭҺ򣬡Ĺô
оԭҺڣٲŹҲаգģҲǵĲãһֱȵڡ
ѽʲô⻰һ˿ңʵϣЩ˼իhһָ˺ð죬Ծһ֪⣬¶ɲ֪ԼôԼæƲ⣬ֱֱŶŹֵĵ
С˼һӾͱŹֿ˸͸ЩЦҡҡͷŹֲߣݳԭҺȻϸһ룬Щ
һκˣƺҪγѪŹֲûгЦ˼һͽӹԭҺŽҲֻһ˲䣬һ۾͵ؾ͵Բ󣬾ȫ΢΢ţ˶Ź֡
ʲô룬Ͽ˼̵ĹԭҺĸãŹһæ
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ŹȻҲ˵һĻͬʱȴƵԭҺòˡôźס鴤¸ǷһޣѹֵĵֱһӺ󣬼ƽŹſЦȥӡ
ң㻵ˡһΪãȻֶҩ£߼ֱ𣬸һ˿ŭ
ŹֱǰһڣιȥҩѵΪǴҩɣ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ŹּæȥЩ߰ͷٴȡһԭҺСĽһúٴδޱȿܺɻɫһη˵ڶԭҺ
һΣڶŹֵһǿ£ǿǿֲĿУת˼ȥ˼իh̵ĹҲֻһӲϲ͵һ˿ϲ
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˾޴ı仯׾úɵ˵ɵͷɵԵľϲȴһոռ֤漣ʱһ㡣
ˣⲻеЩҩˣסǧκ֪Ȼǵ鷳ʹˣһ⸱飬ܸܵΧ΢ŹһЦ
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ҲʱԺ⣬ȴͻȻһƿիhҽˡ
һ仰÷˶ɫ䣬ʱŲիhѾޱƽ˷Ŵ
ôʾһҲûУֱˣûգȻ̸Ҳѹ·ʾ
ɫУŹԺдҴһͷת⾳˶һϸ꣬˲Ϣ˷䡣
ı仯ҲúһأôͻȻʧˣ
ȷԺ۹⿴Ź־ƾʧˣҲѰټ
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һһӯӯɫ֣ͰԺ
ģΪʦһ£ǵһνӴеģһʾ㿴ס
ŹְԺիhԼѹ˻㱵˼ʵںǺܺãָ˺ð춼һ֪⣬ܽķк̼ܶܶ࣬Σ߶һЩʱ䣬ȵȡ
ԴͨĵӣիhһˣȴЩͬΪƯǶŹִΨһһŮӣիhԺŲСĽġ
ò˵ֽģҪִѹիhʱֻһͷǾǾͺ򣬽ѺõĹϵȻ˽ûʲô뷨ȷիhԼԶŹֵĸоǺȷҪֱһŮˣϲϲŹ֣ʲڣֻίĴﵽĿġ
νѺùϵԵİ취оĺá
Ҳԣڰս̵޹իhȥϸ˼һ¶һ⣬ǾԽ̡
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ٴһԼѾ˰ֻŹ˵ǧҪǶȥĻ֮󣬺ּæ˻
Ǻãҿʼˣϸáիhɫٴһ죬ڵϯڵϣȻ󣬽Լ
ʦ㣿һˣ·ǣŹֻﰡ·


165 ͵
ôˣիhһ㶣ɫĵû취ֱӵİ취Ҫ㿴ܵӣֻ·Чܶܶ࡭ǶŮˣӦû°ɡ
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յķڣ٣һĿȻôûжŹֵӰ
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⣬ҲЧĽѧʽѾôۣٲοĿǰй·ߣġ
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Ҳ˰ɡǰ̵ķʽתԣȫ˹ܱй·ͼիhƺҲо˺ΣȻҲɬǿڵ
Ҳѣ̫ðɣ򼸺ǲţ
˴ʱĺֱӸիhѾˣǰһ֪⣬ֻ˲󣬾ͳգҲδ̫˻ˣŹǼһֶǧܱ©ضĴڡ
˰ɣҲʱ̿ţʲôط󣬻ָիhһԼ侲ʵָĴͿ̽飬ܾãԼˣѣеԿ
áһΣֻҧֱۣȥѳԼ
իhı²ͬʱģһ׷ۺɫȤ£ҲǱŹǿϵġ
Ҳں·һ̣իhҲͿһۻһҲ

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ȻǲĹģŮϣ£ǶŹֵ۹⣬̫˰
30ֱֵĳ󡭡
ע£իhһɫ£ֱͺûһһƬŹͻȻԼЩիhϣÿһ缡ƺڹȥ

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ò˵תȥʱȴһ񡭡
ϾڶŹֵ⾳ѾﵽڣԪΪҲ߳իh
ҡҡͷٴɢƻõĸоիhϸ̵˺

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΢΢һºիhǼæѹµУ΢΢ͷ֪㵽ôӳڵġ
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166 ʢ
ȡŹһӱիh˳̬ҲǣҲǣֻεһæתƻһƵĵҩаԡ
鵤ҪóիhõģڸҲá
ȴû뵽իhֻ֮͵ֵͷһ仰˵ҲûǰȥӾ鵤ֻվԭزסŲ΢΢һ£Ҫת뿪ȴ˵ϡ
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ôĬƬֱ̣ڵգԽԽ֮ʣիhӣҲԽ·𣬶Էڼ֮ĺѾıͷһԽԽȣԽԽҪܲѹֵĳĬʱ
ŹֲٴοڣֱӾ͵ܳһĴʿ棬ģ׷һС
ʲôһ仰תիhе˼ֱ͵̧ͷĶŶŹ֣ǲŵɫĴסģ׷⡭
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իhڲٹעղŵĳ̬ŹһæϸĽڵһУһͣٴξ췽ҹ̷һիhһճմûһ˿ǰ侲͵Į
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⡭鵤̶̲СҹڵԪ˷츲صı仯իhһΣӲ
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һ㣬Źֺիh֪Ͼ׵£ǹҲ硣
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Ƶһɵͷȥ
սѾˣ
֪˭ôԶ۬ҲֻޱȾηͿֻŵ۹⣬ȥհ˵е£ǣ֪¾ǶŹʱȴȫû˼˼
ֻΪ˸޷ӡֻ츳ΪƽʱȴܺƵ꣬Ǹɱϵһ
𾪣ڵ俪ʱ𽥱ƽʱŹֻǾԶȥμһεʢᡣ
ʵһξ˭ŹһȥիhȡģϾ̺żΣգնŹֻǾܾիhļ֣ΪԶ顣իh۬ɡ
һˣŹһȥμӵ䣬ҲȲѣΪһҪμӵݣֻһĲ½ӡ
Ҳһիh˾һģȫ¶Źֲµİ취
ΪŹΪãһĺ̽һϹмصϢĹƾֻ1ͷľֵһת۬޷ԪҲֻһº󣬿Ųסתƣֵֵﵽһ۷壬˫40֮ĶŹ֣Է书⻹ֻһޣǶŹ֪ԪҲҿ϶Ľ
ò˵ҲֱʱŹֲ֪ϹŹĿֲҪ֪۬ǰڣȴֻһ㣬ǿǿǸ̤ڡ˵Ĳ࣬ɲһǰ㣡
ţʮľֵǽᵤڸ֣Ҳܲʵʵֻнᵤʿһоһ˿޵ĴȴҲ޷϶
һ꣬ﵽĲ㣬ȻҲΪţݱȥҲñ˰ϵΪǲõҩǸԽ͡
Ĳ㣬һԲμӵ䣬αƹأϾα߱κιͷֻһʿƿ󷨣ʿֻҪ𣬾ܲμӡ
ԣŹ֣ĲʵأҲһԻýڵ鿴мص伮ʸ
ǰУ΢΢Щ겻ԶŹµҲףԷûܴµлָҲ˵ʲôֻЩŹֵĻͷڡ
һ£իhƺԺ̫ѽõЩˡڣһ˵ʦ˵׽ãֻǣŹܾãիhôĶԴһˣЩŹ֡
ں򣬺һ͵֮󣬵ÿһμŹ֣һݺݵģкöʱ򣬶ĹĵĲ㿪ڣҲܹǱһڲڣһ㣬ŹȻǴϵġ
˼΢ƮƬ̺󣬶Ź͵񣬿ǰڣһεĵ䣬һأڣĶصĵҵԼҪġ


167 ϼ
һ·УպҲڸܱߣԽԽʿȺУִһƣ䲻ǰ㣬ȴҲǼľ޴ɽǰ
һɸڸۡǸڽڣŨ֮
ʱǰһɫ߰ɣ·ʲôиµĶɽУһӴĴһƬͳϼУƼһ̨
˵αҲһֱϵıơǰԳεĶɽ棬ԶͻȻһЦǰĳĬָǰ͵αͨأֻеʿ߳ʿڲ̽Ȼܱ֪ʮǰһʿǽ׵һЩ֪һһĿȻĸƣǾһӳƹʿĳɼʿܿ壬Ȼ󣬾ʮĲơ
ԶĽͣҲ̿ɽ棬󣬶Ź־ͿαϿգȻžſˮƽ棬ǾŸĻ
ÿһƽϣʾŲͬ֡
һλڶأͨλһأͨλأϸ񡣡
α󣬹оŸλÿһΣɾʿأ䴳سɼᾭĴͬʾڴϿյˮĻ֮ϡ
⣬ʮĽһ˿ѷɫִƼ󷨣
ò˵Ժ󣬶Ź£ȫǾ̾ڣǲȱ˲ţʮʱ䣬׵һЩ֪ǰαҲͨͨʧܡͨϸصΡ
ʿ˵ƹȵĵʦȻԽߣԽ㣬൤ʦշҲԽߡ
ɽϣ󣬾һЩͰȵĽΧķֳĸĴڽסҲȻʸסģЩģҲֻһɣڽ¶ɣȫǽϯλ
һŽݣν᳡򳡿̨ȵȡ
羹ȻһʢɺƵŹҲһȻò˵Ľչȴܹ
ͷԶֱӴŶŹ֣ȥ
ⲻֵ֣Ҫһͷأȡĵʦ಻ʤȴֻоŸλαŶ볡Ҳ޷
λѾͻƵˣƹأǾһҩʦɹһߣ
ٺ٣ǻ˵ֻʿõĵҩƿһؾʸˣղλĵʦڹڶʱֲϹӣԺ󣬻֪ж˵أֲǡ
һʦãֻҪڽƿأˣͶˣһЩҩͱȵĵرˡ

ӽݿ̨߹һʿǵ˽ŹҲ̲סλһۣ󣬾ǡɿ˶ԷĻϣͻȻʾһ䡣
λɹͻƵأɼϸѽĹ׼׶Ρ
ɹˣҩʦͻƣ
һҩʦҲ֪ĸɣŵʦ

ˮĻһ仰󲿷ʿȫʦıԷƹأйһϢͿڿ̨вʿ¶һ˿ƺʹ¶ģһҪλʦ߳ԷһЩϵ
˾ҲöŹЩĬȻֲô൤ʦÿʮһεĵԡ
ҲһƬŹҲԶִ˱
һڽȺΧһԺԺңȫʿʿɫдһ˿ڴеߣеԺǰŶƶŹ־ԶĴ죬˶ĩˡ
ƷɣĲӣŹ֣õĶ飬ֵŹʱǼʮӺ󣬸ǼǵʿҲֻǵظһԶϱϢ鶼ûŹһۣ͵ĺλʮλ
ȰɡԶлǼʿŴŶŹ뿪飬ȥ
ɲǽڣû߲ϵΪڣαڣֻҪƿһţͿԱȥһԣԲμӵԱǶ಻ʤÿһʿƳÿһش󣬶ԳʮСʱ򼸷ʧֻܶܵȡڵĺλֵֻѡ
˾ѡһ̨£Ⱥ
ôԼСգα˳˽λʿҲڵĹʱˣһ󣬻̱ҴʿΧ£
ֻǵڰλƻҪȲӡ½ĴҩʦŹȻȤֻЩƣԼҪȲʱ
Ҳʱһͻļžȴ͵ϯ̨ǳ׵ļž˲ǰһƬķΧγ˼Ϊܵķ
һһдɻ𾪵Ļһ΢Ĵ磬ܡ
ǵۣûۻɣʲô
˭ǻƲ۴αΨһͻƵصĵڶ
Ȼһ֣
ѵͻƵô

һӶ𾪵ĻڽȺдʿݣҲֱӵɽϣȼǶ塭
²ͷ΢һʿףһ뵤֮Ľ
ڱ𴦣²ûκοɱԣΪαۣһᵤʿƲȴֻһʿαƹϣȴû˿ףΪ󣬿ĸʿԪǷ񣬶ֻƿ
Ҳʱ齴ٴηɳһӰֱӵִϿպӰˬʵĳЦһ˵ע󣬵λ죬һεʢῪ֮գǡʦ֣ҲͻƵصİգ׼һʱĳ֪ƲҲҪսأԣⰲˣλ֮ĽλʿҪλһϼǰһԡ
ӰĻ̨ܿٴһƬžȴ׷ܿλ֮Ľ磬ڵһ;ϣ۷֮ս
Ҽ֤һĻǺҺԺ
ŻʱľʿҲ׷ȫ߳ʿ߳Ժǹλһŷ׷׷ɻؿ̨˿ûб;ϵĲ졣
ЦλʱǻʲôôƾǵˮƽûǵɫҺ͵һͬϼա²ǵһֱ֣ӾأǰǾԵģ
ѰģαеĹ⻷ҫģǱͻҲȡ裬˭ɵܣ
żʿ뿪̨Ҳһ󰲾ûһԸȥۣƽʱҲͰˣ˾Ͷˣαģû˻ע˭ڡվһϼǾԻᱻ˶ǵģȴֻǲ
ѰͳɹģŰ
ȫڴҵԤ֮УϾ˭Ҳô֪
͸˵Ц˴һλ;źλҲͬʱϿյˮĻҲ
һλһأ׼
źλһأ׼
ɽ棬п̨Ҳȫһ̣ûԸⷢһ˿죬ֻ뾲Ľ̡
ò˵̨£ȴһˣ⡣
·ֻĻŵĴ󣬶Źһ⶯ȥٻҪȼ죬ϳȥ
ղˣҲ˺͵һϼôûȥֻǲҶ˶ѡ
ԣһ̣ŹֱӾ͵شӿ̨ϣվα
Ҳֻһ˲䣬еΨһһӾʿע⣬ЩʿŹֵĿĺ󣬶ʱȫ
⣬ҪȥŰûۻ


168 ճϣ
ǰɣһȻȥ
ԴɣȻҪ͵ۡƲһ
ҪαҲѰֶɣ

㶹֮󣬿̨ϲʿֱӾͶŶŹ֣мʿͲסµĺ棬ֱӾͷ
ֻΪʿƿأҲҪʱϰǰһôҲǶʮͷ
Ҳ󣬿̨̾˷һ
Ĳ㣿
ļٵģĲ㣬ֻǸոսӴѣжʱȥϰƿأ
һֻͼʲô˰
һֶԷΪ̨ϵʿˣ²αΪΪͣ˵ʱ̣ʱȻҲ̣ܶˣȻҪȥ
һʱ䣬пŹֵ۹⣬ùж˲šͱġ
˶϶һΪ˳ϧһеģ磬ڵʦԣȻǺ£ĶˣҲʹˣǶĻʲôã
ĪǸľ񣿻߰׳գ

˵һзӦȴû˿öŹͣ٣ֱֱֻαȥߵ֮ʱ֮ĽѾʼ
һλһأ
źλһأ
ɨһ˵ˮĻŹֱӾĺλ̤˴
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ǰɫһ䣬ֱһƬããĵشƬشУʲô壬ֻͷϷſˮĻ
ʵʵ˵ΪֹŹȻҲԶȽܹαȴû
ҲĺλϿյˮĻҲʾһ֡
ĺλһأ׼

ף󣿡һλڣ׷ײףĵۣһƲʾ׼ĺλ¶ʱһȻҲûϵҺƲһ
СһɼΡ
һ֮ҲٶܣֻƲźλ񣬳أźľаΨһһصĵƲ
ҲͬʱƲɨĺλһۣȴ֣Ҳܺ棬˭ôҸһǲԼ

ĺλŹǰͻȻֳ˲ص壬ľ
ͨԶĽ֪ͣα׼׶ΣǸֳЩʣʿԼ̽˽⣬ԼڼʱЩڻɣյϡ㣬ľɵȵȣ׼ʿԼ
Ȼ󣬵׼ʱһĿô֮ģǸҪ󣬱һڻһɵǾҪʿСĿһ˿ܶڻһ˿ڻֱոպã
ʧһΣôʧ󼸴Σɼͻɺϸͨʧܡ
ȻĴԶô򵥣бľϣڵľ֮бȴܴһ˿ľյһˮеˮȴڵĳȵȣһ㡣
ÿһǿʿƿŽϵĿ飬Ѷӣ󣬸ָ
⣬α
ϸ˼󣬶ŹֱӾóԭҺŽȻٿȥ֮Ĳ
ò˵⣬һǰδеĴ٣ϾʦһڲμӵǰαûȥĵʱȥϤȣ
Ҫ֪ƽʱЩʦЩˮƽģԼûĵϣô׼״̬̫õġ
Ź֣Ϊδĺλ׼״̬Ȼôһֱ׼ȥ
ĺŵһֱ׼ٴһƬȻ˵ʲôĶУΣ󣬵ĺλϷˮĻʾɼʱԭǳǲмӵʿͽͣ
תȥעĺʲôʱʧܶ
Ȼǿ϶ģҪôʿڵſĸɵʽ߳

ʮӺ
̨ϵʿϾͽһ˿ɻ
ף֣ⶼʮˣһﻹܱ
ǰһܱʮӣ
ҿ϶ټάˣҪˮ׼ղΪʲô׼ô򣿡
ǵȻҲǿڣǼһѹѵóӡҪ
ڣÿһؼƵʧһΣȻʿһ״̬ͷ
ԭΪĺʿ϶ܿͻ֣û뵽ʮ˻ûʧһΣȻʿȲѣģȴΪֻʱƷ˹ʺ˶ѡ

ʮӺ
ȣ֣ôˣûһʧ󣿲Ӧð
˵ãһֱڵѹ±أٺ١
һ

һСʱ
αϿգȫʾɼˮĻ̨ϣеˣȫˡ
һأһֱάȥ꣬ҲֻҪĸСʱѣϾֻǵһأڵĵҩԣĸСʱҲ㹻ˡ
ò˵ڵһ֧ŵһʱ䣬һ©ǴҩʦδظдƱ
ǰǸλ߳صĴҩʦڵһؽչһʱɼҲѡ
˵ӣʮʱĺλʿһֱҩѹ£Ʒ󱬷СĻȡĳɼڣѾСʱˣһδ󲻳;ԲֻˣҲһʵ
ȻǳʿԤϣϾʵΪʲôԷڽûֱӿʼ׼׼ôã

ףĺˣȻʱһλڵĵۣڿĺλĳɼҲ¶һ˿ȣôˣԷ
֮۾ͲᣬĺλҩʦҲֵ̫⡣

ȻеʵһҲ̫ˣˣ٣ѡ˼ȻͬģǾźλڵĻƲΪ½ʮ͵ִڵĻƲҲνʢһʱ
һɣҲʾ£ԻƲڼĺλڵʿЩ׵ıʱЩм

ͻˣڶأ
Ȼǵȫأ
ȻԵۺͻƲʵڵĵҩʧܣ

Ҳ⣬̨ϵĴʿǰԶŹֵӣת¹⣬ĺļһһЩʵʱһź;źλͻ˵һءȫɼû˿ء
⣬һӾ˵עϾһεͷϷ֮ĽĺʿҲвʵ͵ĹһȣͲöᡣ
ʿעٴȫϡ
ڶأҲ֪ۺͻƲ֮䣬˭ʧ󡭡
ҲǻƲϾϵ
Ҳһǰˡ
׷զզۣܿͱɱ֧۵Ĳ٣ֻ֧ƲҲ󣬴ʿһź;źĻ֤ʷԵһĻ
ϵǿ
Ҳ˵߶ע⵽һź;źĻʱʱĺλҲһּ仯˵һء
ĺλһأƹأ
Ҳ֪ĸʿͻȻ鵽ˮĻϵȻ˲ͳ׽
һ˵ĽӲִܱܿ˵ĽӲҲֻǲ̨֮Ȼȫüž
Ƴһأ
ļٵģûۻ
ֻеаٷְٰƳҩһȻ

֮󣬾һƬȻ֮⣬Ȼһˣƹأ


169 ճ£
ףĺšһλҲһȻĿĺĻǱĳɼһ۾ָֻ˹
һأҲǼΪѵõĺˣһֵһ¡
źڣҲĺŵĳɼһۣƲҲһЦһҺ۵Ĵ̼żƽʱﲻǱǺǣڶأûôˣ
Ц֮󣬻Ʋſ۵һĻɫҲ̼
ڶأ˵״̬һֱѣҲܴﵽһȫԸˣ
ۣĿ꣡

ٺ٣
ΧһȦǳմһȫĺˮĻɵʿԶĵ£ֱֿ˻޲óЦһܷйղŵơ
Ҳ󣬸ʿҲڴѣٴοԶ񣬾һΣƬǰǻÿɵһ޶ԶΪ˰׳յĵӽαԴˮУڣŶŹֵƹأֻ˵Դˮˡ
ȻʿεԶŹֵĳɼ¿϶ǾһҲҪ£ģԼΣ˼ϵҲòΣԶʾá
Ǻǣţϲϲ֮£Ȼܳţʵڿϲɺء
ǣֻĲ㣬ȥʮƳһأӼֱǰ;Ժ󣬾ҪҲǲܰ

ŴĴԶĵ£ٴһ֣ʲôսλʦֱ֣ӳŵġ
ΪƵһأǼˣٺ١
һɣƬȺҲԳ˼ʿȫԶڵķλƳһصʿԶֵһ⣬ƳǴҩʦδܱ֤ĺλڵʿֵ£Ķء
ȼʿ˴˸Ųľ룬ңң֮ȴָѹȥԶ˼
ɣҲҪģûҪôľ͸Ϲȥ
Ƚˣ£Ҳ٣

һλڶأ
ĺλڶأ
źλڶأ
ҲһƬתʱαڣ֮ˣȴû˿ͣͣˮĻһʾ˵ս
磬ղΪŹһĲƽ֮󣬵ʿע⵽ʱһȴֱȻ
ڶҲӦýвʱ˰ɣôĺλ
ǰλҲˣ״̬ãǼҲǿԵģĺš
һάֶõ
ҪһȳӲŴˡһʿ¸ͻȻðһŹֵͷҲֻһ˲䣬ͷֱʿ
ܵģĺʿ츳ٺãͰƼֵһأѾļˣ϶ֻǿ֧š
Ҫ˶ãͻʧġ
ֹʿʿǱƵͷ
һʱ䣬˵ߣȫĺˮĻȫڵţʲôʱʧ

֣һһֱά״ֱ̬ܣҶЩƣ롭һλڣżտһĻֻȫ״̬һ˿𾪣Ʋֵ֣ĺš
Σ۴ʱȴҷ̫࣬ܿѹͷƹء

ⲻܣƲżһɨҲһƬ𾪣ֽ
ǧҪĺǸһȻӿɾͶˣ˼УƲҲһ˿ֵͷȻʧЦܣ

ĺš
ʱ䣬ֻСʱСʱÿʿ˿Ļһֱڵȴִ󣬵˭֪СʱĺȴһֱֱͦӾʿһĿ֮࣬ĵ£Ҳһ̾
ôܣ
ԭһЩ׼ֱĺ߳ʱ׼£ʿʱҲһ˿ɻ󣬰ĺͷ²ǡ
²ڲ£ĽʱǾû£ˡ
һʱ䣬һڵĲʿٴοԶڵλãһ˿ԥ

ĿУˮĻ飬͵ʾ˹˵ע£ȫɼء
ʱ˵ȴٱ˶ĺĻ
ƹأֵֻ֣Ҫ״̬ãҲĺš
ƳڶغҲûֱӽأһ״̬һעĺš
ۿĺžҪƳڶأȴԾÿһ˸ţأ
ٲţֵ֮ĺĻϣͻȻԾһ֡
ĺλڶأƹأ
˻
Ļı任ŵĶɽϣֱӾһ˺ƹأǣֻееʵ
ѵ磬һµĵǣʿˣĺλʿһĲʿѰ
ʱԪĻ񼸺ûϵԷ˵͵Ϊòôʱ䣬ȥϰƿأ
ţ
ֻһ˲䣬Уðͬһţ޷ǰ
Ҳͬʱ⿴̨ķĵӰֱӾͷԶڵλãƳһأǻѹ̬Ժ£Ƴأǿɾ͡

ȻѵһţźԼһĳɼԭһֱЯ˼ۣʱȴǳ׻һ̬ȣתһء
ٴЦˣţԼµƿرҲв࣬ڿλ֮䣬˭ȳˡ
ȴţԼ϶Ǹ
۵ĿͲͬһߣƲȴǾ˸Ŀ࣬˵䣬ȡõĳνľ츳˵ĵ£ԼһˣڣǸĺš
ߣǾͽһ£츳ãҵ츳
һֱȵĺŷλʾؿʼʱҲͬʱ˵ء

Ȼһͬϼ
찡һˡ
Ҳ֪һϼ˭¶
ҿ϶ĺţϾ̫ˡͣΪʹﵽĵزѾǺˣܱȵùۺͻƲ
̨ң׷ͬϼǰѵһ
ڲǰԶһʿ£Զ֮࣬ҲȫĶˮĻ֪һȰ
Ҳ£ʱʧʿҲԽԽʱ
źĻͻȻһֱʾźλأʧܵС
ʿƹأÿһʧ󣬶Խһε»ָ״̬ò˵źȰȴ˵Ԥϡ
ϾƲǳʱ䲻̵ĵ

̨ˡ
ƲȻǻƲȰˣĺǸôôã
̫ˣȻȻƲֵľá

ҲһƬȻʱһĻҲ͵ضˣһλأʧܵС
һ仯̾ʿȫɵˣҲˣĺţôڼ֣

ĺšڣȺΪʧ󣬶һֱ״̬ĻƲۣڴʱҲȫɵɵУĺĻʾ״̬þ


170 һ˵ݳ
ɽ㣬⣬ȫȺʧ
ȫ񾭽ĶĺˮĻȴĺųʧһ̣ȷȺʧˣֻĲļһȻڼ֡
ʵ̫˷˼ˡ
ڣһֱڵ״̬Уûƹء
ҲһƬУ֪˶öãĺĻϣ͵һ˿仯
仯Ÿոշ˲͵ͬʱһ
ʧˣǼһʧˡ
ǰȻֵã̫˼ˡ
ٺ٣أȻûôףǵҲһֱƹذ
ˣһΪһ·ء

ҲŸոʱĻϵı仯ųʾԭ͵һʿǣ׾ٴɵ˵
ĺλأƹأ
Ļȷ˱仯ȴΪĺųʧֱʾƹء
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Σʵǰȴݲκɣ

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ôǰһĻģǡ
ãһϽ״̬ͬʱ£һ˿˷ܣͻƵˣģҲ
Ҳһͻȥ

žУĺλһƳĹصĻеʿ˼һαεǣƣȫĺĻǾͲţһΣԷƹأ

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㵽󣬻Ʋ£ͻȻһ˿ƣֱӾ͵һңһʧһΡ
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ĺôˣҲֱӾӿԺȻ֪Լȥ׻ŵԼľƲգûסֱӾ̧ͷȥ
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ҲֻһۣƲһǰһڣһƵѪԼòײάס״ִ̬ĩβ˭֪ĺš
ĺλأ
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ǿѣĳ嶯ƲֱӾͷƹأ֪ľѾƽȣһ׳
⵽ǴĳĹޱȵĴУƲֱӾ˳˴ĵ£Ӵɻ̬״ðģ

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ڡأ۳ɵˣĺţȻѾͻƵˣֱڣ
Ϊ˽ᵤڣۻҲ̲סµ첨С

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ˣȴûһˣ¶˿֮ɫ
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һһĺλʿ֮ԻһճȴӡʿУ
Ǹɱ̬ɨڵ£ʿ±е̬ȣǾηǻ̿֡ǳݣǰʿ£ȴֻпȺ;֮С
Ϊɱ˴ģֻܳҩҩԱ֤һʧвʧǾֻˡ
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˴˶һۣһʿȫӶԷпŨŨȺģţһҪȡ


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һı䣬һΣʿò˵֮ȴһ޴Ļ
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أζűȵҪ߳ˮƽ磬ͻԵҩָԵҩԵҩȵȣʿɻȱıرƷ
ҲΪˣʦҩʦȵȣŻô׷ʾá
һȵҪ߳ĵʳ֣Ȼʿܲѡ
Ϊ˴Ƶأ壬вǿֻţͱϣƳصʿ᲻ǵĻֻҪԷڣǾһֱϣԺ˭ˣĺţȬϣ˭õһݵ˶ûƣĺţΨһ˷ϣ
һ̣˶еעĺλĳڣȻܶ˶ţŹܼ󣬼ˢ¼¼Ҳв˸ϣϳԼʾá
Ź֣˵ĺʿڻƷµӶŹ֡
Ź֣ӦóΪһˣأǵ֮ĵߣ
ǰʱֻĲ㣬Ҳ֪Ժ󣬾ɳʲôزƷɡɣοˣһСɣȻܳôţ

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һҩʦѾֵ£䲻׵ĵλһһˣôһصĵʡ
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Ĵɣᵤڸֳϣ΢Цӭ˴ƣĴҲˣ
Զԭֻһĩɵûţƽ࿴ʸ񶼲ģʱҲһɼλǿߣ˳⡣
ҳϿʿԶһ̣ȴͻȻһĪĽԺ
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δйĸ߸δйţԶһһ̶ЩĲ
ҲһУڴԳһʿӰʿһ֣һǿߣЦҲԽˡ
Сѣϲϲһ·ͻؿ֮ܣһˣһݺͰʿֱӾʹЦſŹ֣ʿڸִ˴εĽᵤڳͬýᵤʿȴƶŹһʿΪСѣڱ𴦣϶һƬȻʱȴû˾˿ףĳڣӭСǰڣǰʿµе͵伮
ǺǣСڵһ;Ѿﵽ𾴵ĸ߶ȣҳԨȻڵһ;ϣ޷ȣϣȴҲ˿ɼģСΪϣЩϷһǰԨڣѰʵķͬ䣬ԨһʿҲ̿˿ڡ
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ͬĴЦӣҲȻȻ¶һ˿ʺͽ
Źѡ񣬾˵ڽģɲ˲Ժڽڣһڣˮ¥̨֮£˵ͱϣҲȻǡ

Сѣ룡ڣ֮ϣһĽȺУͬǰ·Уһ·;ʿȫžηеĿ⣬ˡ
ᵤڸУִǰδУմ˶ŹֵĹ⣬ԶҲᵤڸ߼䣬Ժ˷ܡ
ʱڶͳϽɵڵӣ̫ƹڵĴȣֱر𰡡
ҲУǰҲһЦһӰʹڶǺͶŹйһ֮Եб
ʱбЦУҲµ𾪣Ϊһ֮ǵʢᣬȻ⣬ȴҲûǰȥۿԭΪһεʢᣬΨһֵùעģۺͻƲ֮ȴûϵͻȻһʿһٶйʡ
£εĲ˼ͷ˼ʵǰб£ֻпϲ
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αŴؿͻƵһأõʦԡʿҩͻƵڶأǼڵҩֻͨҪСһͲʧܡͻƵأڵҩͻƵĹأмڵҩͨʧܡ
ԣǵۣǵƲֹڵأֻܱƽᵤʿĵҩȴάֺͰգһ㣬Ҳʮ¯ţʼͣͻƵأǡǾʾŶԷмİƽᵤĵҩǽᵤڲԪӤԪ굤
񣬸ĵرѷͨ컯ҪǧܻãԪ굤ˣЩϵ̶ȣݣǵۺͻƲҲ׳ԣΪû˷ѵ¸Ÿɣнᵤڵǿߣȴһ˲ԪӤڡ
ڣͻƵصˣֹˣһأһ·ǶԷƽᵤʿĵҩֻҪСһ㣬ͱȻɹ͵ڸ˲ԪӤڵϣ
⣬ҲǴʱĶŹ֣ᵤʿ壬ɲǲӣ𽵹ȥ£ʾã


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ЦտУбֱӾͶŶŹֵСѣ롣
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ȻԷƺƣԶǵлżæ˵ЦˣʵɲóƵҩšȣҲȫڵĳɾ͡
бȻûʣԶҪͣ󣬾Ͱǰ̶õ˵ǣҲһǰӵиĶŹ֣իhͰǽȻԷһʱһЩҩ֮޵УִĲ㣬ڲٿϣӵױȵ츳
ͣҲ޷죬˶Ź֡Զˣܱ٣Щ֪ŹֻĵҲû˸һǼٵģȻº顣
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ȻαڣʿԪ񣬲ûʲôϵƵҩȴҲҪһΪ֧šŹڶֵģֻĲ㣬ƽᵤڵҩ϶ȲбôʣȻҪŹֱȥֻҪԷȴӦѡ
ǺǣȻԡŹҲ֪ǶԷαƳ󣬾ͰڳֻдӦˣصĸֵ伮ʱȻܾȻںڲǺܺĹϵʲôʱҲҪ㹻˲ǣ
ҲαװĲʿԭ֮һҪҪĵҩҲΪɡǣҲǼ֮ˣֻҪ֧ƱȥҲĵȵŶصĵ伮¶ԷҪҲȸͷסǣ
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һƷ˫ΨһãԻ䡣
ŻɢСƷɽֱӾһ޾Ĵ֮С

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ԷȻֻ˲ּصĵ伮͵һڣȴǶŹּġ
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ŹֵĿ꣬ƫŵҵġ
ӷˣԪһֻܷһţá

ʿȻãΪֻͨЧǱ滮ƫŵڣҲΪ棬⣬ȴǶŹһֱĿ꣡
ȻֻӰԪԶĳ⣬Ҳʱ㹻ˣĸĸڲֻʮѣϳҲжҵңĸĸǺܶ£ˡ
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ڤɫϲڰյɽڡ
ٲݣɫݾϲڼ֮أؼ伫أϺġڤĲΪٲݵ֮ء

ⳤζҩûһЩҩҲϴڽɽõЩĵر֮һ֮
ҲڶŹɫ΢΢Щ֮ʱȴͻȻһݣ˫кէ䣬ˣķ
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Ȼ費ͣʲôǻƷд󣬿϶ڵĶĿֻ˵µ󷨣ǶԷողʩģȴĵ͵󷨣һ˿бֱӾǱ˺ɫ֮С
ᵤڵΪһʩʿҲȷҪĽˣǷ˷ѣϾֻҪһ󣬺ɵĽᵤʿͻ׷ʱ޷ˡ
ڣҪ̵һʲôһʮᣡ

󣡡
ƷУŸողŶƷĶŹֱ֣ɫһȴҲûо֮ɫ
ȻŶƷĴȣ˲ֹһΣЩڵĴ󣬶ǽɽϵϹ˫
ңȫǿɽɽǣһȫԻܣ־ѻĴһǱˮϴΪϹŴŹϺУټϣҲаգԷ
ϾصĴ󣬺صĴҲǲͬնġ
֪󣬶ŹǲΪŶԷƬ̾㹻ģǺͣЪĿʼһŶƷ

ʲô󷨣Уֻ̽ʮ׾룬ǺɵģĿҲֻһ׾룬̹ǵıϢڵԪֻǿתԪܳɢѹȸС
бֱӾüͷ
һ̣ȴЦһֱӾץһȭͷСǵ˸ĺɫС򣬴߶Ԫǰȥͬһʱ䣬б⣬ҲǿҵĻ
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ߣҾͲţҽᵤڵΪƲ󣡣΢֮бٴߣͷβʱܴ죬Ҳû·ͬȵķϿֻΪ˫ʵ̫

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һǰȫһƬɫ֮еĻƷɽԼвľ޴ͼٷĺɫơ
ᵤʿ϶ʱȻͬɫۺֱͬһ죬бȻʱֹУ˵һΣҪµķеˣ
䱸Ŀʿһۣۺͬоһ˿ƣǿٷ˴ڣ£뾡£ݲǿ̫ࡣ
ʿǾϲ̫ˣûбб˲ɱһΣҲܷһˣ
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ץոĵŶƷͶڣϻΪһ壬ŹץһŸոջķҲͶ˴ڡ
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£Ȼ޷ȴܵԷǱϵɭϢб´ϲֱӾͿ׷ȥ

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ʱᵤʿҲаգöԷͷǱѣϾڵģֻǷԻּʱ䣬һ£ͻῪʼù󷨣


178 ᵤʿvsϹŴ£
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ڳϣϣ
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˭֪˺þúþãûзֶԷټ
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ͬһٴ££

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ٻ˵ţһţҲĹ󷨡

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УٴαϷŪ˼εļᵤʿŭˣȴҲĶǰ󷨣޿κΣȻһɣǲó󷨵ɣΪ˽ᵤڣ֪ʶҲԶĶʿǿöࡣ
ҲֻǸЩͨʿȶѣ϶ŹִڽɽѧһУֻܱˣת
ѾٺҷУͣڰգбͻȻЩӲĵ
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ǾͰ׳ˣأһֱӾ͵
Ҳֻڰó󷨣ǶϹ󷨣Ҳһ֪
ϷΪٴεͷͳʶ˼֮
磬Ĵ󣬾ҪҵƻڷֻƲ󷨽ṹͼ˳ŽṹͼнһֻߣȷʧЧɢ
֮ᵤʿĬȴ󣬲ĵ£Ҳһ˿ƻֻҪƿŸķһҪºÿ

Ҫģʱ䣡
ԷķӦŹٴһЦƷȻڴѾһֹ󷨣ֻһĴ󣬺ѶԽᵤʿ˺ҲֻֻżӣγӦ

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׳ϣۿ࣬۶ʱϲҵ֮ˡ
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״ۣµŭҲ͵ؾͱ˳
ٺ٣Ȼ׳Ѿ֮ǾͿƵɣᵤʿֱӾĵ
˴֮һҪʿʱȴһͷղžùıŹΪߵб˴
һӣֱӾͰŸղƲ·ߣĿķ
ˣҲϻֱӾŻǰɣֻ󣬾ҪʬΡ
ڰۣŷɳԶͻȻ͸еǰɫһΣһİֱӾʧȥӰ
⣬̾һ죬΢΢һ˲żæͺ׳ϣ
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㲻УֱӾͱײϷ֣Ȼ⼸ûжκ˺ǵⲨʧۻȻķ֣Լٴγ˹¼ҹˣǰңûһѡ

ֻƷԷʱ̹۲ڼ˵ټŹٴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
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ЩԽɽ֮۵Ļ󷨣ȴһȺֻҪһµ󷨣γµĻôȺĽṹͶᷢı䡣
Ҳ˵ڶԷƲ֮ϣŹֻҪһµķܰѶԷƲ⳹״ң
һ˲ķ󷨣Խᵤʿ޺ֻҪȥ

Сʱ
ҵˡһƲڵ·ߣΧͨĹһһٴξһһ
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ҲֻǸոշɳԶһµȹֱӾ
һεĹȴǱһǿ࣬΢ķһЩŵֵ֮һȻķ֣֮䣬ʧȥϵ

Сʱ
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ϷΪҲһƣǼæ󣬼ٴοʼУҲֻһգۣǵأȸղҪҵĶֹٴϯ

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ˣԽԽǿˣϷԪķ˴롣ۣ΢΢ЩǱȺ
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۵ˣһ̣Ҳ£µȺôʱ̶ڱǿ

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ۣǿżѪĳ嶯ëˣȺôô̬ÿһζոҵƽ֮ʱȺͷȫµı仯乥Ҳһδγɱӣ
ٴγܲͣЪĴȻ΢΢һЩƣԪҲľ
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ǣģȺڲסӣ
֮£ᵤǰڣΪƫ͵ʿֱӾڴĹУûǿжţʼͳ˻ָҩǼڻָУһ˿Ӱǲɶֹڼͷ


179 ޴
ȥˣȺӣ¡ӰУͻȻڣҵ
ǰ׳ϣʲô飿бҲ֪Է˵ʵǰ˶£ֻӣ˭֪󣬾ǱԷƵǱ
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ǣĻǰһǰòһգͻʧġ
ᣬҪᵤʿȻһУ˴ĿȥǿɾһЦˣ԰Ļأ̾һͷ
󣬾Χһֱϵǿ֧˼ʮӣͻȻͷǰһ
еĺɫƣȫʧ˸Ӱ٣ͬʱΧԪ仺ĺҲȫɢ
ʱˣҲֻһ˲䣬˶ǿϲΧ󷨹ֱӾͿһңȡǿҪǿ
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ò˵ȼķܵأٴޱߵĺУǴ̹ǵɭϢҲ͵ǿϮϡ
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ˣ¸˽ܣֻΪܱߵӴ󹥻ʱ޿̶һڽᵤʿԪֲǣЩڲסӡ

볷о˵Ķ򣬴ĶŹ֣ͻȻһ˿⡣
ȻԶȲĴѾȺĹӵ˼ޣҲֻǶԽᵤǰڵʿв̸ش
ԷȻˣߣҲûôס
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պһ죬һһƬʢŭ֮ɫӰֱӾʹޱߵĺУƿնҲӰǱҲ׷׷ɳӰ
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Ҳҿ˶ǳһɣϼ̳˴ǧɵ̣вٷֶΣڷȺһһʧЧУ׼ᣬһλһ𣬷ɱ˳
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ֻʣһޱȵбŻƷɽĴȺаסӿȴֻܸɵۣ
ڼ˾һ󣬳ȺɢԷæŲʱбҲŴγ֣ȺһһĿըȴֻͽơ
һεУķ󣬼ȫǷԷһ£߰˸ʮƷȫϹ˫ǻǰѻƷɽĹǿƷҲ˿κβȺ
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µĵһ󣬶ŹҲƣǾǾֻҪƷɽ¾ʹΧŨôҲΪһ̨ס

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ҵҲиˣ£Ҫ֪֪ͨޱȵУԨںͶλᵤڳϣҲ׷׿ڡ
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ܷԲ֮ڣеĪǣһ㣬ȫӵƷɽƣ˳ƵϷƶƷɽҲۿɼٶȣʼŨ
Ǿ󣡸˾ЩȺܷӵֻӲ٣ΧͻȻıʣƲѵбٴһۣ㱩ߡ
֪ԷʩһӴĴȴ޷ֹƵ£Īڴˡ


180 Կ
ɽ⼸ˣôôŹֵĶȴû˿ͣͣ¾ּ֮æƼŷһΰѴȺִŸʽʼԻ󡢷

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ˣϽͶһ˿֮ɫбˣǶһ˿ζ֮ɫ
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ˣһ˿ɣбȣͻȻֻ˼Ǻ£ղţڿ棬Ҳ˲ٿͷ
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ǣǷаգƳЩ󣿡бһˣȴҲƺµ˼ֻѯʡ
⡭Ҫʱ䡣´ʱҲû˸֮ʱţֻǵ͵͵ĵ
ҲĻٴһƬĬʱԽ·ĴҲԽǿ
ֹ˲ãԨڼᵤʿɼᵤʿҲȫ׷׵ִò˵Ե˴ʱԽᵤʿвĴȺҲֻ
ᵤǰںڵģٲ̤УںڣĴڣҲֻλǺΪȴֻһľͨ󷨡
ɼǾͨ󷨵ǸҲûͷǱѣˣ¾͸ûˡ
ô˵Ĵ֮ŸĳƷǾһ⻤ɽȺ
໥صĶһۣĴһһ⣬Ѿ˵ǿֶˣⶼ޷ǻû취ˡ
һ̣ΧʮᵤʿһȼӴġ
ֻȵһպĴλͷǱʱƷɽɽȺ֮⣬ʿȫþ
ǿĴһ󣬶ǻûˡ
ĴУַҲͰˣ£Թֻ̰ͼԷر֮ǰҲѵ֪бͺ¶Ⱥ˲СĿȻһ׼ЩǱɫҲǺѿ
ºбɾͲôˣ˶Ŵ󣬴ʱֱӾǱ˵˼һ±ƵļҪµ䣬ҶԷȣԭΪڿԱڵѪʱǳû뵽û뵽ĽȴǵͰƵĲٴѪ
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бĻ˶ɫһǰƷɿнʿģҪ˶ãͻɽգʱǾͲò߳ȺֻҪǸҳ
٣뿪Ⱥû֮»ܺͽᵤʿԿô
ֻһ˲䣬µ£Ҳȫ£
ԷŴʩһ֮ϵĳ裬һҪٱĻԷ
ԣʱ޷ֻҪػƷɽһǣ̾ͽӿڵ
ٴۻһ߶ȵˣһ˿й󣬾ͱԽԣһҪƷɽǸļһԹԳ
һΧƲߣԭƺͱڽᵤʿȫһ֮ɫļһôӦ
ȻĿǰԷЩȺʱռϷ磬Ҳ˱Ƶ˾·


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磬ٴһƬȻ
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Ĵ𰸣ҲֱӾʿһĿʩչѪ¶ݵģȻ£
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ƷɣעӹһͼдſֲΪŹǸճĵʣʹʿСɣ£ʾ֮ġ
˭֪ʿȻֱڻƷɡ
⣬ٴûƷ֮磬ʿĿ
ǣһε£ȻڻƷɽ½پɱ󣬾ó󷨵һнᵤǿߣ
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ڣƷɽ֮ĻɽȺȴ׵߸ʿµĸ
⣬֮⣬ԿһɽᵤʿȴʱռϷ磿
˲˼ĽֱӾʿ˷ܡ
Ҳʿޱȵ໥̸Ÿһ֪ʱһɣ׼ΧµֶΣҲ©ʿС
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ô˭ءȥƷЩˣǳŲ˶ð
ǰһΧ޷̤ɽŰ벽Ǻ١

ȻʿһݵλȴʹΧּƲߣЩݺͷ飬ò˵˶µǰȴҲϾԷ·߳ЩȺĻֻ·һҲֻܰϧ

ΧԷΧһ·Ź£Ҳӿһ˿Ρ
ʵڸո߳ʱ֪ʱڻƷⲼ¸ִһ԰һҲɻᱻԷƵ޷󣬵
ûѡֻû뵽һ⣬ջǰƵһϡ
˴ʱŹ²ֹЩΣЩƣ룬һգͣĲ󣬲ٿش󣬺һڽᵤʿԿû˿ͣЪԿϸʱ̱״̬ʱЩƣ롣
ϱΧĵ·ֻ⡣ĬĬۣ˼һ£Źǣٴһ˿ЦֻΪڱżʿը֮󣬻ƷɶԺԺȴҩ԰Ҳȫݻٴ
ҩûˣԺٹȵ
ȻУнϰٸָЩָҲвҩݣԼֵҩڽˣĿҲС
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˼֮ЩƣվӣŹųԺȥһմսԶիhȣû
ҲڶŹִֵԺϯӱԺԺڣʮڡڵӣҲȫվĿ⣬һƬηͻ֣̿ǰ＾ˣֻһ˲䣬ɫҰ
ҲͬʱԺڣիhԶˣҲæ˳ȻﲻȥŶŹ֣ȴҲѾ³ŹԵʲôƣϾԶֱѪ¶ݵģµݣͱ¶ˣһɡ
⼸˶ĵΨһ̣ͱᵤʿɱǰһյĽź͵ǣһ̣΢΢ƣĶŹֺϣ͵һи
ȻҲãŹİѽᵤǿ⣬ЩʵһսʵѰ˶ľˣһΣܳɹ͵ڱס˵ԵҲû̫𾪣еģֻǷĵϲá
ҲʱŹֲſվԶɫЩףһ˿η֮ɫĺ
ʵʵ˵ֱڣһˣΪλҪɱƷأںҲһ֪
ʱѹµͷŸִ󲽽ɨۺիhʦãһΣô£
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ЩҡҡͷŹŰ˼Ŀǰ˵Ĵ
ҲŽͣիhԶˣ𽥾ͱɫŹ⵹ǿĶŹһ죬ô£ľӦøеǣô
ȣʦ֣˵ǱɽֻҪһȥͻ⵽ᵤʿΧɱȴɽˮʱ򣿡ǿµЦ⣬իhҲû뵽Źֻзʱ
ǰŹˣһˣիh˼Цεǣ˼ЩЦ˼
ģһ򣬼صϹŴͷֻҪ󷨣󣬾ͿʱڣڣӦòѡȻ࿴һ¶Źֳ̬ܵիhǺܿͽ
ĻöŹֱɵˣЩŵĿ˺ļٵģʱڵĴһôֻ꣬ʮһγ룬⡭Ҫģ˵Ǿ͵İռڣ
´ˣ򡣡Źֵɻ𾪣Ǽæǰȡ
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źе򣬶Ź¶ʱŹֵոջΪƵ·˭֪
һ̣ӹ򣬰̽кһϣ̾ͱÿϲ
һУȻġصĴ󷨣ǿʱڣǡ֣ﻹ֣һǿıϰ


182 ϲУѰ
պ󣬻Ʒɽ
һƬٳķУһĿҫۣɢһ˿˿Բף׵ĴҲεض
ʵֻǳ͸⴫ͼ֪ʶԼ󣬶ԶŹԶԶҪôãЩʱ䣬ȴһֱڽ̵իhԶƿΧЩȺ
ٿش󣬲Ҫβ󣬶ʲôԭֻҪסߣᱻᱻУֻҪǼסôܲٿסȺһĿȵȡ
ͺñ̵ͨʹǹڵȴһҪ̵ѧЩǹڣֻҪ֪η䡢ٿأԼԼС
ϾҪȥͨѰҩŹΨһѡֻаգһڣ޷֣ⱻΧɱȥˣȴֻ
Щ֪ʶ㸴ӣիhˣҲķ˺ü죬ѧ˸߰˰ˡ
һк󣬶Źֲ׼̤ڣֲһЩҩƷɽֻҪиҩݣҪıٹȵʹ˲ڶʲôģһɵΧ֮ƣȻ͡
ٴοһ۲ԶıԺŹ̤봫һϤִһӲʵϡ
̤ʵԺӳģǻ谵
⣬һɽأյĸڣֻһĴѾӺе֪ٶֱӾڿն𣬿ɽȥ˺Ƭ̣ͨʮɽִɽ⡣
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ǿ¾ϲŹ⾳ֱӾŨɽ壬ѰƱٹȵҩݡ
ʱôҩ֪ʶⷽ棬ҲٲȻ˴ҷ緶ܿһƬƽ̹ɽ⣬һݡ
ݣƱٹȵҩЩĴڽ綼Ϊ͸˵ˣִƬݴ֮󣬿Žޱȣһ֣Ӥֱ۸ߣĴֵָݣŹֱӾȡһɽʼھЩݡò˵ЩݣͨڽȣҲмĲֻ࣬Сһ꣬ԱȵѰڽڵʮСҲҪڵ̫Ũ
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ʱĻƷɽԶիhʱ̹עŴԷ͵Ϯˣں۬Ĵ£ؽɽš
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ȻҲֲȴ֪ôֻΪ˵Ĳ̫ˣʲôҲܰﵽ
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󣬶ŹֻЦŻӻ֣ԭһӣԼһݣԭеֲ˿С
ĻֿŹֵĶŮҲ׹ֱӾҲƵĸˣϾŹɱ֮Զѹʵ̫
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ԣԭڣһϰݣ²֮һӦˡ
⻹ֻƬʱ䣬֮ǵȵȣ𽥿ήֲֻԽԽࡣ
뵽ԭ򣬶Ź̽󣬸׼֣һܼޱȵݣɢֲе֣㹻֧Щݡ
ԭҰ㣡һͣҲ̸ʹӴָȡһ߳ϸСɽСݡ
Źһ֣ǰ仯ôô󣿲ҲͲˣֻҲȡһɽʼھ
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ôĲٳˣϲɫ¶Уǽŵ׷ʡ
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ҲһĹȣ֮⾳ĿϴˢǼԭ˷ƵݣֱӾͽֻµ⡣
Ļˣ̫ˣһ۵ı仯ҲΪˮĳˢԵЩǱӣֱӾ˷ܵĵͺ
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һܵɼ¶Źּæѹ¿ϲѰԴ
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֣öŹһٴϸϸƬ̣ͷ͵һϾ¶һϲ֮ɫ
ףΪʲôһ̣ܵҪͻƵļ¶ˣ
Ϊȫϲ֮
ǼȫдŴϲãڽӴЩҲıÿϲ
⾳Ҫ⾳
ϲã֮⾵Уһ֣Ϊľϲ˵ϲѰ⾳ͻƵ;һΣΪˮݱı֮Ӷͻƣһɱı֮⾳ֻһɺϡ
ڣ⾳֮һδﵽһƿ֮ͻʱȸ򵽵֮⾵Ҫ֮
ϲУѰһۣһϲɫĶŹ֣Ц绨ĺԼǰ޻ݣĵ£ҲǻȻʡ


183 Ķʦ
֪ͻƣҲٳɣֱӾȡһԭҺӽٴǼ»Ӷ¶ϲɫʵݡ
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ûûʲôŹȻʧЦ׹Լ̫ˣվӣЦŵղţһæ
⵹ʵղŵǲͻȻΪʲôôģЩݲʱѹžҪӶʩչ֮⾳ȥϴˢЩݵģȻҲδй
ҲΪ֮⾳ȫʩչ׽ϲɫʵġ
ģܰ㣿һ⻰Ĳɻ̾ͳɢһϲԼӸ·ĵһ㣬ǽŵĶŶŹ֣ղ˵ģֻǺġ
ȻġŹٴһЦ£Ҳٴһ⣬ӦòϲãҪģ͸ĸ򣬶գ
ֻΪڴʱͻȻֺǹϲòͻأıǿ࣬⾳֮ҲԽǿ
ϲá
֮󣬶Źٴο·һݣԼԵĺʱϽҲ¶ڵϲɫ

һΪµɽţɵȻĻƷɵӣͻȻ⼸һ¡ǾǼηֻԶԶġ¡ʦͻȻϲҩ
Ʒɽֲҩݵ£Ȼʦһ˳װ
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󣬶ʦܶʱ򣬾ʩչǸ԰һְֶԴЩҩԼЩǱϻŢ
һУԷȴǺĲֺżᷢƷɽĴЦ֮ҲǵʱЩƷɵĵӣžȵķ֣ʦ㲻ԪЦҲǿŵɽ˶һ
ҲǵʱƷһڵӣžȵķ֣Ǿηмӵɱ£ȻЦˬʣ˳졣
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Ȼ۶ʦˣȴɫһ䣬æǳԷò˵ҲһƬɻ
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Ȼʱ£ҲֻΪԼеż˹ŵΪһͣͣԼţϾŹΪߣȴҲֻڣǰԶҲûķء

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ҲֻիhӲŹֵɱ֮ȴǲöʡ
ǽգŹֶˣիhҲͲסµɻҲҩ԰
ʱҩ԰˶Ź֮⣬Ҳڣ⼸죬Ҳĺܿġ
˵ǰĶŹ֣ȽϤĶŹְЩҩĹУȻɶŹһְ죬Ҳż֣ȻŵһƬյأ˵д޵У𽥱һĻ԰ϲãҲЩ
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򣬾վһԣЦĿŶŹַɵ
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ǿѣĳ嶯իhæǰһѾץס򼱼ĵô£ʦôˣ
ʦһիhǼæסЦ⣬Ƿһ˿΢ЦղŲأòײžȻء
һ⻰իhٴһΣȻһģֻҩѰŹɽӶһ飬ʲôıûʱҲûжʧ̬ǣһ
ڣôˮȥã
ԽԽ⣬իhæǰһץסŹֱֵۣһ֮󣬾ͼĵŹ֣㵽ôˣҪң
㲻ôֱիhסŹֲֹסǰĶһЦիh
իhĵһ˲䣬Ź£ֱӾһ˿壬ʱûϲõ
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뵽һ̣ŹֱӾͰȫԪھȻſ֮⾳Ҳȫֹͣ
ˣĲ׽ˣΧɢǿϲ֮⣬Լûһ˿ֵիh
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Ҳһ̣һɹ¶ϢֱӾʹҩ֮䣬ϯΧؼӿڣܵЩϢ֮ԭǽޱȵիhͻȻ;ԼĪģͺЦҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻôʱӦúܿĺܿġ
һ̣һɿƿֲ˳һϢҲ̴ӶŹڣȻһӾûիhͺ򣬸Ѹɢ

իhҲ̲סµĻ죬ղŶԶŹֵĵǣҲֱɢ׷ЦֺֻƵǣѹ֪ԼΪʲôЦΪʲôô֡

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ò˵ӴֻЦУȴûһףԼΪʲôЦ


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֮ԽԽη壬ԽԽӣԶʦ־ɫ䣬ڵãΪϯӣòȥʦҪҩһЩٹȵ
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΢΢ۣٴ˼һŹͻȻǣ¶һ˿Ȼ΢Ц

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Σʦ֮һֵڴĲΡжԿᵤʿʸĸ


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΢һ˿ɻͣľȥ˺Ƭ̣ŵִص׽֮£ǰһУٴ
Ԩڴ֮£ȻһӴĵãֻãֻһ
ǰĴЩɻˣ֮ǰǧ룬Ҳû뵽ԴʦֶΣȻһ
ΰŽӴ֣֮ԴʦԪӤǿߣµһ·Բֻһ·ô򵥰ɣϸ룬ϵɻ󣬾ͽֱޱȵڴ֮ɫ
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ɹˣ棬ʲôȻҪôٺ٣ԪӤʦµֶΣһô򵥣϶ܽµģ
Ժٴһ˿ǿҵڴˣŴ˸ʧԭء


191 ֲ

һ죬һ̤˼Ӳʵϣ󣬾ͷԼһƬİĵص֮ܶڡ
һֱ̣ٴɫ䡣
ȻŨ˷ָ
Ԥƣڲ࣡
Ũ֮ȴٴɻ󣬾ȻͨһŨ֮أǣλʲôԨڲƾ
ô˵ɻϺǺܿ˳ŵصܶɶݣֱֱܶȺ˺ð죬ڷɳصףһĸɽͳǰ
Ũޱȵ·ɼҸһĵƣһЩɵۣŷ̽
ҲֻƬ̣Щãϣ˲ͳ׼
ֻΪ̽෽ʮ⣬ȻҲ͵Ӵޱȵ
ѵǵԴʦµֶΣôǿߣ죬ټʮᵤʿ˼֮У򵱵أӣȴһ£סˡ
ֻΪֹʱʮ⣬Ȼһӡ
һɫ޷ԶôͣڵһȥԷȴһɿֲϢٶȵϢ
·ǸӣһƴĹ⣬ʱҪʧؼһ
ٶ֮⣬һ˶ЩƵΣϢ
ÿֲƣ˭ʲôʱߵģԺͷͻȻһԽǿԽ
򣬺ʹ󣬶ǳԨһλԪӤǰģǿ϶ǶԳԨģ˵ǿߵȱʦţʦоأһֲƣֻǾվţЩľսǶ£ǡ
ԽԽԣֱӾͼǼһݣŵμǰԨ֪ǰ
ŽţһɻﵽôֲѾᵤˣԵĲ࣬ѲԪӤڣɵϣһɣôɣ
ԨڣҲĻǺڿ˿ڣֻԳǳԨʿ󣬺Уȴһ˿ȹɫ
ʱӺ󷽣ͻȻðޱߵƣＲ۶ЩƣԶԶͬͨƣǳɭɲİϢżƲ֮УһЩɫɲĹͷ­
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μʹˣĸɢΣϢʿǹֵĶźӰݼ󣬲ŸһϹϾվ󣬹Ķ
ĸᵤڣˣǺǿƣôǰ˴󣿡һμˣٴһ󼤶Ϳϲǰ֣ԽǿԽ
˵ԨڣҲ¾ϲסʱʹȴٴοڣһŹֵˡ
ԨڣĸʿȫһͣȴͬʱɱʢڸʮϵţΨһɣôͻȻðһԨڣ
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һǸԨڣʲôط˾ǡɨĸʿһȦ˾ٴʧ
Ҳֱʧԭĸֱĺʿ͵һ
ʹ˵ľ֮ˣȻĿʩչˣ
ǰҿҪ˶ãʹ˾Ϳ̤ˣһʹ˴Ӵʦ۷̤ڣϵеĵλҲ٣
Щǿߣһľ֮ʵֲ̫ˣţ˼λ֮⣬ǰʹ˵ĵ֡

ʿһƬηĽ֮ɫڷ򣬶ɱʿʱȴͻȻۣһ˿ޱȵɫ
λѣһΣǿһʢˣһȻǴǸϵ߳ʿû뵽ڣǸϵҲԳ̫ϵ
ף棿ǸϵҲࣿʿĻüʿȫɫ󶯣Уȫһ˿̰
ţͳһʮ˸ϵʿʿ֮ɫħܵ䡣
ҪֶΣʿԪƵĹūƵĵ伮
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ҲǺ׵£ϾڸϵУҪôǿԺſɣҪôһЩϵ
ȴû뵽ھȻǷǰֻϵ̫ϵȻҲ
ףʦ֣ĸģȻʹѾǾ͸Ͽ߰ɣȻϢǴȥֲˡУһʿٴμڡ
ֻϵ£ҲмǧᵤʿϢȥʲô̫ϵģ治ֵġ
ߣǸ򣬾ȻֻʮͨĽᵤʿǲ˼飬ʮᵤʿٷֵһЩû䵽ʲôûˣҲʿĻףʦٴһ˿̰ͷ·𿴵ʲôޱȷʢĴ͡
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ǲ𣬾ͨᵤʿͬڵʦһ
ֱ֪ĵԴʦ棬ǧǰ̹ŵĿֲһµģǺͰѳԨڱƵ·ĵˣһͬھľ·
ԣϣѣ·вʩչ˷ҲΪ֪ΪĪתϲص


192 
ڣŴʦľ֮Źһ·ܹޣסգһǴ˽ᵤ޺еĵشֻûзֳݣڤ
;ձֻᵤ޲
һε̽УŹȴͻȻǰһǿϲǰ⣬һɽڣȻ֦ҶïҩҼÿһ֣Ҫͨҩ׳˶
ɽᵤɽϲ֮󣬶Ź֪̾ɽȵľ󣬼æͷɳ˽ȥ
ڽɽֹ֮ͣ󣬶Źһϸ۲ҩݣֱ˺þãĿƵֲͣϡ
ݣڤ
һѰٵĶŹҲѹƲסµĿϲ̾ͷ˽ɽһ·ȻܹޣҲɱ˲٣ָڵԭҺҲ۵һֲ
ǽᵤھڵĽɽҲаӦԣ
Ǳɽ֮󣬶ŹֱӾֿʼ˳׵Ľӣֺķһ칦򣬰ɽɽϵĸҩϴһգƣɽʱҲһ˿ڴ
һɽֻڽɽѣɽ֮ϣһϻ¯һɫƷӹһԸ߼Ľᵤڽɽӵʲôر
һ뵽Źֲڴ㣬ɽ֮۵Ķس̶ȣ϶Զǰһ
ҲޱȵڴУ󼸸Ⱥƽ⣬ɽ֮ϵҲڳǰֻ󣬿ɽ۵һкȴ͵
ɽۣյȻֻһɫϻ
һϻֻһŹµڴ͵þͽ࣬ǰץϻҲʱһȴֱӾʹϻڴ
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ŶȡŹԭЩʧɫͱùֱ󣬾ϻ֣Щ
ʵûϵֻһϻϻеĶȻôأ
ʿᵤԪӤɽ١߸ΣᵤǰĸΣʵֻȫǻڣֻеִԪӤڣΪгɡ
ᵤڵԪӤ֮żȴҲǴ档
ӽᵤڣԪӤڣֻһְ취ǾǸǴĸҲֵҩ֮Ԫ굤ʿ״̬ļʣԪ굤ȴÿ˲ܷóš
ָҲǺͺֶһһλᣬܲ룬˵һζֻ֮˸ֻ֮پµĻۣԪӤڡ
ᵤʿһ֮УģһڶץסģһֱȥģҲǰһ⼸ǣᵤʿһˣԪӤڡ
һԪӤڣʵǷ츲صı仯ΪԪӤڣͿӵһнᵤµʿ֮ɫǾԪ磡
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Ԫ磬Ʒ
ƷԪ磬ǱȽϵԪȣˮԪ硢Ԫ硢дУУԪ֮ࡣ
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ƷԪ֮ϣֲĹԪ磡ʱԪ磬ռԪ磬ڴ˵еǺԪ磡ʱԪ磬ֲʱ˳ɱᵤڣɱûһͿýᵤʿԪľݽ߶ֻճӤ״̬ռԪ磬תʱգʱѷ졭ǺԪ磬ݻһӴǺӣУ٣٣ãã̫գһޱߵķĹǺԪ磬ͷԱԪ򣬲ڶȵȣԪ磬˭Ҳܲˡ
ԪƷԪӤڸ֣ҲƷ㣬ӵƷԪߣԪӤڣͲƷԪԪӤڸ֡
ϵԭƷԪԪӤ֣֮ôƷԪԪӤڸ֣ϵ֮ƷԪ磬ʵ̫ˣּʽ㡣
⣬һƪԪӤڸֻʶ򣬲ŹȴΪЩģΪϻУװصľһԪ磡
ԪӤڸ֣ȻԪľ֮ǰûͻƵһ磬ôԪ磬Ϳͨط棬ȻǱᵤʿõͿڼ˵ʱڣ̳Ԫ磬ܲٿԪʱ䣬ӼӣʮӲȣʱһԪ磬ͻ᳹ʧ
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ҲǼΪֲˣᵤԪӤ֮һĸʣһԪ磬üϵΪֹ
ԶŹֲŻһ̣ϻֶЩȻϻڵԪ磬ֻһƷĻԪ硣
ҲֱֻǶ׹ԺŻȻǰԣֻмԪӤڸ֣ڵĴƿһ㹻ᵤʿڵķ϶Ļֱǳ
ᵤԪӤһĸʣǧ꣬¾ڵʢʱڣԪӤڵϹҲû⼸ڽģҲԪӤϹֶѣ
ǸõĴ󣬲ǽᵤʿڵΨһֶΡ
ڣ˽ᵤޣûνԪӤޣУ̾ͻжԶӶԶ£һɽĽɽˣеĻԪ磬ڣǿƵر
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ĸϵߴڣֻһ̤ڵİʹߣһΪȻҲǴᵤʿһġ

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һֵĸУŹָǰΧĴȺչ˲ٷΧ
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һ˿˼ҲΪ̽һͻȻֵĹȺʵŹ־ôڶԷңŶԷݡ
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ʱڵϲ֮ٴζ˼£˲Ϣָֻƽٴһͷԡ

ֻƿ󣬲ƽ󡣡
Ȼ壬Ǹ֮һЧҲվһҪܣףʿȻԴ󣬻ڵһʱų˻
ٴιЦһͿʼѭŸղҵ֮ȥѰҳ·

ʮӺ
ӴĹ֣һֱɻߣڴȺ߶飬ȴԽԽͷתôղҵǸʿ䣬Ȼûã
ǼһﲻǸԻɣôƽ֮ûһã
ɻףʿֱפ㣬·ǰɱʿԪµϢôֹãһϲ
ԭҿˣӦ󣬺ٺ٣һΣϾͻ󣡡
ϲУ׳˶ٴοʼ̡

ʮӺ
ףʿŭˣôûҵӦǰ
ѵԼҴˣ
Уҿ

Сʱ
Ӵˣǰ󷨣ʲôôǰɱЩԪ䣬ҵʮƵ󷨣ȴһͷӬһתתȥҵȷƽ֮
Ĵ󣬸ƣ
ױȵʢŭУףʿ׾ЩԪе֪ʶͷֱӾͬʱӳǿķ¡¡ҿ͹¡
ٴðеĶŹͳһֻΪԷеȫǳƷ
˫ִֵİٵٿ£Щɢ˾˵ֻһ˲䣬߰˸һĴȺȻ˻ζơ
⵽Ǹʲô
δҲδ˿ֲַŹһԣֱüͷԷսҲֲ̫һЩǣղŽСʱһֱڳŸʽĹֱڣԷǰķ֣ûһ˿ɶĺۼ·ǿشᵤʿ󷨣ץ
ûдﵽԪӤڣȻԪһЩȺ˲ܱݻٹ룬ȴԶԶ˽ᵤڡ
΢΢һ˼ŹֲųףһѾڸ֮˲·̵ʿ
ȥᱻǿƵȺ
УŹҲ˲æٿȺһ𣬷˸͵Ĺ
Сʱϲ֮ǹŹֵżҪһɧ£ȴָ̻ƽҲöˡ
ף£ȻĶҹ
ΧĹͻȻǿ˺üɣףʿ׹˿ʼٿشˣʱϲֱӾּӴ˹ơ
һͨĽᵤʿȻףʴСʱһ裬һҪһƷ־ζԪ񣡣

Сʱ
ΧĴڲʱζʽĹڶŹֵĲٿ£ʱʱ̼̿ǿļޣǣȴ˿κβ
ҲöŹЩһ̫̬ˣ
СʱˣôǿҶؼĹǣһСʱѾս֣ԲٿȺʹĹ˼ȵǳöԷҲ·֮⣬Ӳû˿˼Է
ڣҲУʱ͵ϮϺ֮öԷ޿κΡ
ô죿ѵҪʹǸԪ磿УŹ£ֱһͷֱ
ǸĻԪ磬ʱǿͱľУԲ˷ѡ

ĸСʱ
棡Ǳ˴һҪһСʱһζףʴҲŭû²ٿصĴĿ͹£ÿһ΢ĻζƺֻҪټӼͻᱻƿԴ¼ԺȺȴڷϣȫҲ޿κˡ
ٴϷŪһСʱףʴµŭ𣬼Ҫ򣬲й
ҲʱһֱٿŴĶŹ֣ȴͻȻɫһֻΪףʴԽԽӴŭɱԽԽ׺ƣڵϲ֮ٴ춯
һΣϲ֮춯ǳǳǿң
춯󣬺һ£ͳͻأγһ˿˿ھԪҺ̬˲ϢȫڽеھԪ֮С
ô£
ٴδһԸоԼĲͬŹȴ˵ʲôֻͬɹһΣڵԪϺ˻

ԭһֱɢɭɱϺͻȻͷһٴδӽӿϺȻҲ˴ϲ֮
Щʣȫ󣬳ʮ£ȥ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ǿˮ˱ѩ֮ϣԭȥƵķܣһ̣Ծ˿ڵʮȴ̳һڵĿ׶
֮ⲻܣ
ͬʱղŻʢŭףʴֱӾܾһ͵شһٴοҵɫͳޱߵľ֡
Цûôָ֮ܳңָ֮ȻĶԪ֮ô
£и֮ôһ˳ȥ
Ҳףʴ֮УŹҲ͵һ֮ãսУʩչϲ֮ûǰҲ
ǰϲֻ֮һ⾳ľѣεû뵽ڣȴıһֿԺھԪȵΪһ壬ӷɹ


195 
ŹָǣЩĥʿԪƳɵĹūǰֲֿܾĥǿҪǰűɱԸɱ֮Թ֮һֱȥ̵ɱĥ;ŵԪ
ֳԹ֮ǶԪĸ
ǿЩһ˿ԪʿŻ˿ֲǣµģµĹūϲãԵģĴĵ׵ϲá
ǰȻףʴȷϣʲôЦѾĥĹūôܻԵϲãֻһܶѡǲٿǵʿĵļҪ񣬶Щû˼άֻʣǵĿԪû˿ֻǻɱԹޡ
ǣŹֵ⾳ľ֮ϲ֮
Ǹյϲ֮ϲ֮⾳֮ʱŹҲЩ޿κΣϲ֮ĸ֮Ѿľĸ߶ȣûĴܴϲã˵ЩԪܹūˡ
һЩūĵϲøӿô۵ɱ֮ĳԹȻͻ٣ɢ
ԣǰöŹʩչа취Ϊһϲֱ֮Ӿǻѩһڻ˲٣
ڣһΣǡϲ֮ƵԹ֮ǶŹֵľ֮Ĳ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬲ӷ壬γĹ
ͨĴʦȻҲǰھľ֮ǵִʱܰԼľһֹġ
ô˵ڻӷһϲ֮󣬶Ź־ͳ׼˷²ףȴʩչϲ֮
ſٵתľϲ֮һϲ֮ϺҲףʴȥ
ڡ
׳˶ϣһα̳˼׶ȻһѪģȴҲ۵ףʴҽС
ףʴǼæת󲽾ͳź󷽼ˡ
ԷȻӵи֮һǸպÿĸ֮ǣԼȻڶԷµĴȺڣ
һ̣ףʴĲˣΪʲôôù
Ȼʱܵ˺󣬱ϾӵеĹū̫࣬ôԹ֮һ𣬶ͬ壬΢һЩˣأҲס˼һĹ
УףʴҲһ˿ɻΪʲôԷָǺǿȴѹԹ֮ƣھ޴Ĳ£ҲӦһ浹
ˣףʴļˣŹȴЦˣȺУ˵ȥȻҲˣԼϲ֮ĻϣͶԷкܴ࣬ŹҲûʱϸ˼Ǽ׷ȥ

ʮӺ
ԭʮɣ׺ֱӾͱ׶Ĳ֫壬ʱףʴҲǱϲ֮ƵÿҪˡ
ʮӣԼݣԷƹ֮һںһһϲֱֱ֮ǳˮһԽĻȻһ״̴塣
βٿԪͷң޷Ա˿赲
ףʴɣȥĻᱻǿɱ
һ̣һŭӵͺȣʮɵֱӾͻûһƬӵĹūɢķݡ
ֻͬʱһϲ֮Ϯ˲ϢͰסмֵܵ͵ĹūһĲūֱӾһƬŹֵУͻͻɢ

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ףʴᣬٹūȻڶ̶ʮڣǸ׺ļһһС룬ȥ֧Ų˶ˣ
ǣƲ
ӣӲ
֣
ֻܾԼסļһشסԼĸ֮һ̣ǱĿҪѪˡ

ʮӺ
ףʴеĻںޣͼҪԼ˺飬ΪʲôԼҪ̤Ⱥ
ȺǾļһҲ޿ɵ޿ӣ޿ɹ
ʱԵǾǴҲôóóȻĶֲ£ǣڣȴģֻľ

ʮӺ
ۡ
Ժһϲ֮ϮʣһĹūҲһαֲϲ֮ڻףʴӣҲֱӵ˸֮еں״̬
ʱһӣȴǲҰ׵ˣƽʱ㲻ø֮ҲͨᵤڵʵڣȴѾشԼӸĵز
ȴ˿ֲĴȺУôֲĶ֡
һ̣ףʴŵζ
ҲҪҲҪѾԪӤڵıԵҲûһ˿ѪɫϣͻȻӿһ˿֮ɫףʴֱӾͷתʣԪʼƴĹҡ

ʮӺ
شļҲûз֮ףʴֱӾ̱˵ϣһ˫۾ֻľ
Źȴûֱӻɱ
һսʵڽңûϲ֮²ǵ󣬳ʹǸԪ磬κβöԷûЩȺǾϲ֮ԺݺݵĿƶԷҲδضסǼһĿըһʩչƷһ룬ÿֲ
һսҲЩ֣һǴðģ
Ҳʣʱ˶Էȴ룬ʻףʴûлشֻԹޱȵĶҵĺɫƣЦ£ţʹ˻ұģǵʿһҲӲ
Źֻ΢΢һͣͰĴָȡ£ǿԼķŲ鿴Ķ
Ϊվףʴ࣬ףʴһֱźܵò̻Ȼ꣬òŶŹ֡
Ҳ£Źֿٷ˶ԷָڵһУһͽָڣֻһЩ򡢵ҩȵȣò˵书ϼصĸ֮ԼȣȴöŹֶ֮ɫ䡣
ҲһѪȴҲͻȻ֣ѪȣЩϼصĸֱֹһ죬һǵء
Ĳ˵ɨףʴһۣŹһղŶԷ¶ʱȵɱȻҲ֮ȴҲûһֱԷ꣬òóѵɭףʴֹĽΣԷǱĿģ
˶ŹֵĻףʴȴ˿ֻԹޱȵĶŶŹ֣ˣʲôȻڣֶкܶ࣬ףʴȴΪǰԿ˻ᶮ
ٴЩŪĿ˶ŹһۣҲΨһıֶΣҲʱףʴȴͻȻǸ꣬ͻȻóһξӨҺŽ˿Уͱˡ
һӺ󣬵ȶԷٴʱԭǴڵ飬Ȼ˹Ѫɫֻһ仯ֱӾףʴɫһͣ󣬾޾Ļֺ̿;
Ҫ˵ˣҪôܣŵԪūʱǣһôֻܲһӲѧ
ڣֻĥˣһѡǾڰѶԷԪɹū󣬲ĨԷʶ
ԶĸоԼһֱĳūۡҪʱܶԷĥҲֻнӴ֮ʿŻẦ·⣬ЩūϲãĨʶǰѾӵи֮ļһҪԹ֮ôôѡ
һ̣ףʴױˣû˱ҪԻʲôӡһֻ̣һ
Ź֣ȴûиᡭ
ֶΣԼӶԷӶϢ


196 
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ףʴ֮УӶϢʵ̫˾ˣͳʮ˸ԾϵţԪӤӵƷԪ磬һӵƷԪ磬ԪӤǰˣһˣ£ʦʮˣִ۷壬ֻһ̤ڵģҲ֮ࡣ
ͨĽᵤʿ͸ϸ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵硭˵ǲǶΪԵʣֻҪһûпɽ򣬾ͻǰȥɱԪƹū
ǿԪ񣬶ʿԣջԲѴͶǧջ
ϸϸ˼У¶ŹֵľΪĲʯ̲סЩļ£ڵֶΣǼǸĻԪ磬ţҲǲһ
һףʴûдȺ˭ʤ˭ܶ˵˵ʦˣϾֻǴʦǰڣľ֮պÿףʴĸֲ֮±Էûк֮ǣһѶԷĥġ
ƻԨǸ󣬵ǿʱ˵ϵһ˿â֪󣬶Źֱ뾡ҳеӦ֮
ƻȻõʱȡһȣֻףʴȳٳٲ飬Էַƻǽö룬ǸƲǼ˵򣬵ʱ򣬶Էһᷢǿҵı
ǲƻ󣬸һӣԷһԲףʴȵһᱨȴֱӳԪӤڡ
˵ʵѾĽᵤʿȻԶͨᵤǿ󣬵λҲҪߵĶ࣬Ѱ˼ȴҲܾǼԪӤ档ԪӤϹУԪӤڣͻ϶ѡ
⣬ȴ󲻱ƻ£ЩԪӤµʿΪȳԵ磬Ųϱ
һƻǳͨŵԪӤϹ֣Ҳ޿ΣֻΪ磬ֻдﵽԪӤڣ
ʱЩԪӤڵϹ֣⼸ϵΪάŵϣҲһ֣Ҫֻ֪һĿǣͳڡⲻڵЩԪӤϹֵĶ⣬ǲ̵¡
ԪӤʿǰڣԪ磬Ҫϵִ಻һ꣬һʱŹֻʲôˣõǸԪ磬һһ
ǴڣΪˣͲȥϱԪӤϹ֣¾ϵǸʹˣԳ֣ϾŽᵤʿһС£ᾪ߲㣿
ȥŹֲŵóۣǸ󣬲ܴݻ١
ôʣµĳ·ֻһǾ䣬ѻƷɵתƵڡ
ǱϾԪӤڵʿµĴ©ûдΪִﲻԪӤڣҲѽ롣
׽磬Źִʱģͨףʴ˽⣬֪ȻײУͨףȴȥţ˵㣬У׾һԵĲѻأֻпͨһķܣһһʿȻɱǣϵ׽磬Ҳȳ棬Զԣһ޴̶Щ˸Ǳ֮
󣬱뾡ЩȺļȺΪУȻڣš

ҲڶŹֿʼ²ôȺʱ
ڽڣλһּŰɱ𡣿ŴĹūսߣڽʿһȺϵѼһ֮شڸȥ
ϵĹУÿ˶޾Ŀ־ĥ˼㣬ͻᱻ̵ŰɱɲŰɱֶΣʣʿҲȫɢƴ
ֻһն࣬ϲ⣬ڽڵлŵʿͶϵڸ
ڣڻŵڣȥ
Щħ
ңңɽţʣʿȫǿ˻ϣȫ׷˻ţͳɽš
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һʮʿȫ˲䣬ڵĻɽȺ˺˷飬ֱӾʣ໹δüĽʿȫסˣԭвһ˿ϣ˲ͳ
죡Ϸȥ´
ޱߵľУ֪˭ͺһٴѣ󣬽ʿȫһٴγϷݡ
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ϺһͻȻ͸оɱͻȻһƬҶֿϢϢԽԽֱӾһһվӣ˼۾ߡ
Ҳ̤֮ϺϿձֱӾӿһƬʿӰЩʿȴ̾һһ
⣬ʿô
ǽˣаͷɢɫסвˣȱ첲ȣѪЩˣȫϢҲö˷еӣЩҡҡ׹ȫƴǰۡ
ô£֮£һæգббʿ·һ࣬ڵڡ
ȴ룬һһ仰ȴͱѡ
һڶʿǰÿһע⵽һֻǶʹ˳̵Ҫ޵һĴȣ羪һ㣬̾ʿȺˡ
˭

ɱ

һ־ޱȵļУʿȺУֱӾа͵طԵѸ֮أвˣڴУƴ뷢֮㣵ĵطݡ
䡭
ķֱֱдƹһ˸ɢ˲Ϣʹ߷طǱݣò˵ӵü죬ǱУֱӾ˲ơ
ҲһǿѹѪĳ嶯ҪٴʱȴǽʿҲֻ⹥һº󣬾һη׷׼ţϷ
⡭ô룬Ҳ벻ףһѾԶʿҲ޷ƽ
⵽׷ʲô£ЩʿǴڷģڡ


ƷɽһŹµĵǣȻ£ڸʿִǰɽЩһȺȫ滻ļȺ
ǣЩȺȫϲ֮Ӱ죬²ʩһڣ˿ŹҲģǺףʴΪʿҲԺȺֺĻֻöԷ֮ǡ
ҲʱŹȴͻȻоһȺٵʿͻͻľʹȺ
ףȫʿֻһۣŹ־ͲЩʿݣֻΪףʴУŰɱʿڱԪǰӡ
ԶŹ̰±Ⱥת˲ȺΧ

£´ˡȾǣ
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һȺټ;ƿݵʿȫ̱ӣܺããƣͷ˽Ŀ޺
ȣǲȣԴ˾ŹҲһ˿ԥͬΪŵɱĿ꣬ŹֵҲ治Ըų˻Ʒ⣬ʿɾϾ˵̫СˣǵֻʣһƷɼʮˣþ󲿷ֶڣҲȷͷۡ
ľˣôһˣպҪԻƷɲ
ϾƷյĶ̫ˡ
ȥŹԺͻȻӿһ˿һֿԳȡʿ꣬䱾岢˺ȴ޷ΥʩߡǶʩҲ⵽ɵаֻҪʩƵʿҲһ
ҿԾǣǡ˼֮󣬶Ź̿ڣ˳
ԼЩʿһԥֱȴȴû뵽ֻǸտڣһʿ̾ϲӦ
л´ˣԸ⽻һ˿꣡
ҲԸ⣬ֻҪЩħĥ


197 ƶ
ܹʮʿڶŹֵϲ֮£ڽƽ󣬾ɶŹһһȡһ˿꣬
ҲֻбʿűŹһһӦʣիhԶˣڡ
իhˣڳμЩʿȫɵۣȻ֪⾿ʲô£ǰնŹֵ˼һʿ
ҲֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ƷһӾӵ˾ʮʿʵǡ

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ǿͷ˫ֵﵽİٵǿƳڻɽȺȫ£ҲչһֵĲпŰɱ
бڣڣûһˣǶԷһ֮УޱߵĿ־;׳š
ֻһŰɱ˰պʿȴɻ
ôףʴûΪ˵ȴףʴˣͱһһɱɾˡǣֻǺףʴ˵ǳԶʳѡ
ףʴֻ˵˵ҲͰˣؼڰʹ˵ϻ
ôˣԷûֻ֣˵⡣
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ô죿ֻĻһֱֻҲһ˿ɡ
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Ƭ֮£ʿһ˴ʣµģǻвڡڵӣЩ˵ڵڽᵤʿʵС̫ˡ
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ЩڡڣѾĵӣһԺٴɨһҲ٣ǧΪССԪ񣬱ףʴǿԪǲſˡ
Уһˣϲ£һ·ϵʿޣȫһɨ⡣
һȴЩƣΪŸڣЩԪһһĥδЩǣһ·ʿҲϡ١
ǰǽʿһ·ɹĿɲҲŵ˲ɣֱӾвɣ²֪״Ҳһһ롣
Ҳʿһ·Ʒɽ⣬һۿ·ϢĴȺʱȻһͣ˵ӦһᵤʿģףʴǼŶʿԪҲӦ÷Źôڣ
ʦܣ
ҲɻУȺ£ȴͻȻһϲĵͺףʴΪ֣ȺȻ
ͬʱԭƽ޲ĴȺҲʼ˾ҵĺͷƺʱûƿơ
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ˣ£ˣǳƽǼˣƺһξͲˣ
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ȴ֪ʱȺ֮еףʴȴֻʣһ˿Ļѡ
ȴǱֲаʩñƵԪʲôǸֵ
֮Уż˶µʿŹҲһ˿⣬ͬʱ͸ףʴȴʹļҪԼ˺һ㣬ֱֱڰǱ
ƵԪֻҪ¶ʩһ˿͵⣬ͻиʹ࣬ףʴȴǱŹɱעҪԶūۣôܣûһ˿Թ޺͵⣿Լÿһʱÿһ̣ڳױȵʹ
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ͬʱ硢ڽ磬ȴһΣޱߵɱ
һһλƺʣڽ磬ѱףʴϴ٣ȫһʼֱڽ룬ֻ;ʿ˳ɱ
˵Ŀĵ֮󣬿һĶɺڣ΢΢һ㶣ףʴ̵Ŀһڽ磬ʱ˵ʱɱ
һΣΪֲ㣬Եòʿޱȵ˳
ʿӳڽֻܷ֮׷ڽѣϾʿףʵ̫Ŀˡ
һδζݣҪôԿһڽ磬Ҫôǻ·;ͱӳʿ֪ҪȥĿĵأѾޱߵ
ֱʿȫڡ

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вڡڵӣҲҪʿ·;Уǿ޶ŹЩʿܰȫͨӴڽ硣
ЩڡڵĵӣŹֵûʩչիhһһգڴڽʿȴһҲ
ʱŹָóԭҺúիhҲȻһһЩʿԪ
Ͼǰ˵УҲ̫ࡣߣիhͺҲҪǿıҲ޷֤Ժŵķˣʱ̱֤ŮİΣ
߶һЩʿȫϣٱǰǿ˲١
ϾʩǱԪʿһһڣһΣգЩʿ벻ƴŮС
ڼ䣬ȻիhΪԭҺĴڣһѣҲ֪ûж˵ʲô
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⣬ٴöŹһΣЩˣ֪ŵֲˣɽһǶ㲻ϰ
ԵֱӾͰнպͿʿԪˣȫիhԶ
ԶȻûзþԭҺżĲ򣬵Ҳ
ŹǿٽڣʼѰҵش׼һι̿ɿɽڡ

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ƵʣҲˡ
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ҲףʴľϲͽУƺ˴˶һۣ˶ԷеΣԼһ˿ɵЩǱ²һξףʴнᵤʿѾɺһᰵмˣò˵֪ˣҲܲȥ
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ףʴʿơˣȫڣڸ֮ɾ͵ĸ߶ʿ˵һĥʿԪ񣬿νЩʿԪ֮Уõļ䣬Ͷ˱ڣȫŹֳƿء
ţһͳʮ˸ԾϵĳɣжԪӤ棬еĵ̷̶ȣ֪
շ棬ŹҲֱӾͻͽı仯ǰֻǴɽһЩϹʿµһļ󷨣ףʴ˵У˵ļˣ弶󷨣Ҳǲڲĸȵȣ˵ĴָУҲ˿ȱ
ˣɱ¾ʿԶȶŹֶʲôһȫ˽ָУ˵κһϵıأһɵĵػҪ
˵ĴָҲǳƷȫӵ﷽Բؿռ䣬棬;ǵҩؼԼʽϡŹֵĶ
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ǼһǸôѵͲôȻѡҪͬھȻ⣬˾ɱ֣֮
ӣٴŭһ̾ʹˣò˵ʱԭȵ·ҲѾ֡
һĿӿ£ʮͨᵤʿȫһҽУ˺Ƭʮ֮ʿķ֣Ҳȫʼ΢ѣ֮ƣѸ󡭡
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ʮ׳˶Ҳȫһ˲䣬˶ԷΪȫŭ֮УǿҵĹ׼еĹƣӭͷȥͬʱæ滻


201 ŵĲ
ҲʱƷϢһнᵤʿȴȫһ˲䣬ȫۡ
ǣڽӵϢѾٶȣȫٸȴû뵽һǰĵһ˲䣬Ϳ
ͣǰĺֱһ֣סˣ󷽣ʦܣȥκβϴݻڵĴڱչأǾ͸󣬽ڣ
ʦַģҾκˣʦչصģصͷ˵ɫأطɶݡ
ˣҲȫһ˲䣬һɱ׳Ⱥ֮ڶʱڣԷƵ·ֻ˵ǰһȺ˵ʵǿ˾ηĳ̶ȣ
ڣ˿ֲȴҲûǰĿ־еģֻŭͲ
ʦ֣ȥ֣ǰ˱֮أкԶΪ֪ܲٿ֮Ȼ˿ǰƣݱ˺һ˲֮ȣȻҲشֻǲþֲϧˣǿͻȺʼڲԶ֮Ҵʹôһҡҡ׹ռķλȻûб󹥻һᵤʿ£̾ͷΡ
ΪʲôѰ·Σյĵط
ʿҲ֪ԼһȥܾܿҪĽ֣£ΪάԼΪʿϺͽҲûһ˿
͵תͷڷһۣʿ̿ǰ
ʦܣ״ͻȻڣסԷȿԷǻ׳ʱصĵСģ
ʿȻû˵УҲһƬء
λʦֵܷģϷһҪ֪ǻƷɵϣʦ͵һŹһЦǰɡ

һҲڷʿոսӽȰң̾ͷ˶ԷټΧԭѾЩƵĴһȹ
̾һһ˿⣬һβٿֱֱ֮ͳŷʿȥ
䣡
ھ޴ֲֿʯ׶ʱʿ̸ӦæˣҲֻһ˲䣬Ҳ̰ܵ·ߣǰ۽пܣֱץסԷӶԷУֱͳеĹ֮ЩڶԷδȫĹ·ǰҲȫʩչٶȣϾһСľͻᲽ׳أֻŶԷһԶ롣
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һʱ䣬ʣҲͷΪʲôԸԪһУ֪֮⣬ʿټ
סΣʿǵóۣԷԹ۲ҾĴ룬ôһ԰вٿȺⱻԷǣЩȺÿһа׷Բֻ֣֪֮ԭʿҪٿأͱ뿿С
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һۣȣӱ˴п˶Էʿĵǡ
ʿҲǱ˱ܺڲ˶ԷĹŹ֣ŻȻһԺҲѹ
ֲãֲʦܣѡķʽһˣʮֵˣץңôף˼֮󣬷ʿһεĹУҲ̿ʼһ߲ٿȹܱߵĴ󣬲Էƣһһ֮طȥ;УΪ˶ܺ󷽵׷ʱʱһЩ΢ȫĹشƴˣҲҪӶԷ׷һֱϴȻҲ˶εΣգһͱԷܣܹһֱѺһȺˣ
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ԶȣҲڵһʱ䣬˶Է˼ʱȫ󼱣мʿһеľҪȥȴ͵סȻ֪Էοп̽ڹȥǾˣֻѭǵټҵ֮
ǣʦ֣⻰ʿȫһͣһʿֱӾҧ
һȥٴοڣȴ˱׳ΣһҪסµĴ󣡾ͻƣȻڱչصʦкͬš
ȻǿѡݻĴ󣬵ǸȴϵڵΨһ·򲻵һ;ܴݻ٣
ԣǰڶߣΣһҪס
ʦ֣ʿ仰֮ȫǻһ𣬸жˣжһ˿ĪĿȡ

ɣҲʱǰʿһ̤һ֮ĹɱУһ˿񣬷ʿֻȶԷ󣬾Ҫ͵ĹƣȺʿͬھ
ò˵ѹǰʱȣȴڵһʱ䣬һ˿ɡֻΪѹƣǵĹ̾ͿʼΧȺЩҡҡ׹
ڲٿأȺôǹĶҡѵһӣһʱŭȴǼæڴ⣬ѹסǰ͸֮ǰӰҲĲ⡣
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Ҳͣ½Ų񹥻ʱʿȴǾһԺпһͷż˳ɱ²ٿȺʹȹ
ȻˣֻҪСһ㣬ˣһֱӴЦһһ׷ȥ
ֻǣһΣŸո߳ףΧȺиٴһɲ
ȴ֪ǰķʿȴһ˿ЦΪֻҪԼѹƵĵطΣ֮أԼȫѡһЩȫشһѹƣʵʵǣмƵʱ̣
Ҳ£ֹСʱʿţһֱȺӣȻߵ·̼ԶʵȴֻзԲ֮أУÿһʱ䣬ΧȺͻᱻǹҡҡ׹ȣҲ֪⾿ǰȫشΣյش챻ĥˡ
¼СʱڣҲֻ壬ܰǰǸ·ģԷڹؼʱ̣һЩ˼һ˦˵ץ
һֱȥһֱҪԶԷֻʲôʱ򣬲
ţ£Ҳһ˿ŭЩٿȺʿΪֵһᣬȴȺ֮ӲĪ衭
һ̣ǰȺٴγɶʱֱӾͽ׷ȥ
һΣǶԷ飬ҲǾɱҾͲţôʱı֮ģһֱάȥ
ǰʮֻȻ´һ˿죬Ǽ׷ȥ
ˣڽˣ
ʿһ׷ϵˣ£һһ˿Ȼֻ󣬾һĴЦ

ЦʿֱӾͳ״߷Ĵ󣬸ӿµĸֱֹ˺ޣ
ͬһʱ䣬ȺУеĹҲȫȣХ
ӣһȺӣ
Щһѵô

Ҳֻһ˲䣬Էԥľѡ˺ͼͬھˣȫĵ£Եһ˿


202 ֮
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ŷʿһ̣Զĺˣ˲ͳ׺ֻۣΨһİǣʿҲȡӦеļֵ
ǰȺΧ֮£Ϊ׵ʮʿֱӾֻķֱǿйƣģҲȫҡҡ׹
ֻ˺Ʒֵڶʱڣͱش嶼ʼС
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Ҳʱһᵤʿһκ۴һֱӾͷӣֱֱ˹ȥ
ʦܣ
ʿٴδ𶯣Զ뼱׷ϣ²дһ˿ǣȴǣǰ̫࣬ͻЩħҵĿֻ꣬üú޼ֵ
ѹס׷ĳ嶯ʣµһʮʿȴһ̣ȫЦ
һҵģλʦֵܣ˭ҲҪ
ĳǰֻһɵʿԭΪһҲ޷ᵤڣᵤڣѾĳһԸڣʦѾʵԸĳҲ޺ˣ
ʦ𣬰տЩСӣĳҲԸ⣬ϧһдۣʦţ

Ц֮УöʿǴᣬƶȥһȻ
һ̣ٲ£ǵģֻһҫ

󷨣׸ôͻƣŸǿƹֿϯµĸʽ£һֵŭ⣬ŭ֮УȴҲһ˿
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ƣŭ֮УֱӲٿܱߵϯסʧȥ֣ڲϱСһڴڣըѡ
޴ƣֱӾôһκҡѵõķ϶ʣµʮʿȫǱޱȵµĴ
ֻ˴ʱ֮⣬ʮʿȫһڵľ֮ɫ⡭
ǸУɱ¾ʿȴδ˺ηǶԷÿһζܴ߻ٵͬ
ӴˡһʿСĿڣȴֱӱǿƴϡ
죡ҾͲţȫǷӣڸղŵУҲЩߵһЩǱԭһɫʿʱҲ˲սĺۼ
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һ仰Ҳѹʿеľǰ磬ҪʿϾʿΪȡһ߳ĻǸӦϡŶԡ
ǾĲţЩˣȫǷӣ
Ҳ£ͻȻɫһݣ͵һ
ֻǣҲֻƬ̣׷ǰʿĲһнʱһθܱܵߵĴȺɶҲ̲ס־
ˣôܣ
ӣҲǸӣִˡ
ʮʿȫһʱе˴ĵ׵ĲԭΪôҪļһһ֣ȫǰǰǸһ·
һղţ͵ͬѳѸ͵Ĺ
ʲôЦŸ뿪ǸһεģһǣԷֻڹŪ飡
ȴڲ֮һŭһֱӾ׷ȥ
һҲһҲȫĵ׷ȥ

벻ߣôãټˣʦֻأԸһʦ֮ͽ
һβϵˣͻȻһ˿ɫԭζôԭȣŵһʿ׷ɱ£Ҳηһ̣ȴ֣£
ٴΰһЦߺԥľͷ˴
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ޱ߶ֲֿĸʽֱֱʹңӿ£
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ҲֻǹƸճһ̣ˣ׾ͱ˸ɢֻΪ͸ǰǸʿٷǰһ̵ı飬һֵȻļᶨ
֪Ļôˣʱԥ
־񣬲׾ɡ
ӴˡĿ־Ĳͬʿڿ־ӦҵĹƣˣǲŸոմһʵһЩģھȻ
⵽Ǹʲô򣿸ѵǶһȺɵô
ô죿ô죿

һУڶʿȫһ̣һ˿⣬ţӴޱȣ󣬻޾ĺܣҪǿƴݻǰ򣬾Կ
һ̣ʿһ˿ĵˣʵڡ

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ЦУˣͼǰȥ
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ʣʿһθӯ£ͻȻһȵԺͰ⣡
ΪӵͬŶΪԼԺ

Ϊ˱ʦΪ˱ɽţҲΪԼϣһսĳźٵķУǰһα󹥻æҵʿϣͻȻһ˿ᶨЦ⡣
ֻ𲽿ʱȴͻȻɫһͣһ˫ϴ۵˫ۣסǰĴС
ֻǰȺڣԭڣʱѾΪһ޵λãͻȻðһһ˿𣬾ֻһ˲䣬ͱһ˸¡
һȶֺƴֱӾʹӵӰ쵽Ⱥÿһ䣬һ԰ܣºľҲҪյ׵ĺ⾳
䣡
һը죬ȺڣеĻƹֱֱͳλϯȥ
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ǸҪͬھʿȻ˹
֮ԪĶ
Ĳֹ壬һһ⾳
죡ɱڸոն򡭡ʧɫ֮Уٴһ˿壬ǰԷֲֵһΪѾǸеһĲöԷ̤֮ϸߵĲΣĵˣһ룬ͻɥʧġ
ҲͬʱΪףʿȫһ˲䣬ǿеֵܱеĹ²ϧشҲҪµĵˣɱҡС
µģǶԷΪԷΪ˶ҲԲֵһᣬԷ־ȴǸеԵĲ

ʿĶԼڽᵤǰҪЩܽףǶȰʵ۵ᵤ۷ʱſʼһһȥѰҶ򣬸򣬵Ⲣ˵ᵤǰͲ򣬸
ֻ˵ǽףûһĶƿѡ


203 ᵤ
ڣƷ壬Źֱչصľǰ
һիhԶڲסĵȴУԶȴٴɫһ䣬ãҲˣ
һ仰˵ɫһα࣬ǰȥĶʮʿв٣ǱԶիhʩչģһԷڣԷһ˿꣬Ҳ᳹ĥ
ǰիhʩչݣѾսֶһΣʣµʿֵܵã
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粻治ƫƫѡڶŹֱչʱҲʵͷۡ˰յǣֻڵΪһæﲻϣֻڸż

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·Щԭɴǿһ𹥣Ȼûһ˿вڣֹеûвԼԲٿЩһγµĹ
ȻǰǣҪԭеĹɣȥܺͶȻĻǻ֮ԪһܵشʵһҲӣ֮ĸϣԶҪߵԶԷһ޷µĴضݣڣ˵ˡ
Ҳ߰мĹ֮ܵĶ˵ĵһȣȴȫһ˿ϲɫ
ͺһֱӾŸղߵ·ߣ׷ȥ
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һҪЩ߸ϵ֪ǻƷʿĵʿǶԷļһȳ죬׸
Ҫʦܣ㿪
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Ҳͬһʱ䣬Ķ̡ˣߵ⣬ʱٴδ󼱡Ƕ̣Ǻ޲ϳȥȥ
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׳һ㹻ˣĻᣬӦǣǰΣѹһϡ
ʦܣ˫Ŀ֮ͨУ̼ǰֱˣҪٿǰʱֹͣת
ȣȴֻͻȻת϶̵۾ݳһ˫Ŀ֮Уٴηһ˿


ڣƷڣ֮ϣһŹֱӾʹԭվ𣬸ϸڵĽ𵤣ûɵһɣᵤڣ߳ɵĽᵤʣûֱ̫Ӿͽᵤɹˡ
΢΢һŹֱӾ̤˾ҡ
ҲͬʱͿغھ֮Զիhʱ֮ϣһƬźͽ
ףô£һˣŹֶʱһæڣĵ¸һ˿ԤС
ʦ֣ţݺͷΣѾսҲŶŹֵĳ֣Զիhϣͬʱһ˿󣬾ԶĿڡ
ʲôһ⻰Źٴɫ䣬һΣʧԭء
һ̣ٴγʱѾִ˴󴦡
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Σû뵽ţȻǡɻʱ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ź£ͳ˽

ͬʱȺڣ͸©ŷߣȴǹһЦһ˿Ϣڣеһȫһ˲䣬׷
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׳գҪԱԪˣ˻ȥ
رܣ
׳գǲࣿ

Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ҫ׷ˣȫףʿԱԪͨʿ˵ȻҲввԲ
ǣʿԱԪǾһַѣ
һ򵥵ӣǸ֮Ԫʿһ֮ԱԪôΧеĻƣܵһµĴ̼Ӷʼɱ䣬ɸߵĻ档
£⴦֮ڵһ𣬴󲿷ֶǺɫһ𣬿˵ѾļˣôһٽܵߵԱԪ֮Իһģ
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⣬ɲ˲塣
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˵ټ߻һĴЦУҪ㱬Ԫ
Ҳһ̣һĴȣȴֱӾʹ⴫
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һ仰ֱӾڣⲿ̣ˣеעֻΪʵ̫ϤˣǶŹֵġ
ʦ𣿡
ʦ̫ˣסˣ
ʦߣס֣ʦ𣡡

һƬϲĽӵĴʿһ̣ǼЩɣûйʦʦ֮ǰס˴󣬵ֵסŵĹ
ʦ𣿣
ϤĺȣҲ߼ⲿɫ˼ͽԭ׼ԱĶҲ˲ƽơ

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ⲿĻȴ˴ߵļԼԷ˲ɢԱ֮⣬ֱӾɫһݣͷƤһ飬ӵʦֻʲôķӣ˳ӣʵ벻ʲô̵ܽһȺɵϣ
һ̣Щˡ
ֹڴڵʮֻ׳˶Ҳͬһʱ䣬¶˿־֮ɫ


204 뻯
ߣңҲڻƷһʿȫЩӯˣȴΪԷһʦȫЩηʱŹһ̤󣬵ִһ̻ҪԱԪࡣ
һƽȴĵĻߣ׾ͼ
ʦûи㶪ûиʦŶѹеļ˫ĿƵŶŹ֣С
һ仰ȴĶŹ֣һθжԼӸֻΪ˲ôҪԱԪ
˵ףֹ֮ս֮ս
һ̣Ź͸ڵйǰһеɫЩ䡣
ʦҵԸʦ𹲽ˣҲߵĻԶĶ̣ҲУǰһʿоһƬȺ͸߰ս⣡
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֮󣬺һڽᵤʿҲȫٷ֮Уķλͦڴ룬ȫһɻĶˡ
·˿̣ǰģΪԶ˵ĽᵤʿһȺ׵ĸ
Źֵĳ֣˵ģֹǼֹظױȵӴģֻҪжŹڣǵģ˺һ谭ɱһ֮У
˵äĿҲã˵̫ڳݣĽŹҲգǰӣǾôΣΪϧһУǸҲϧ
Ϊӣ֪Ӯеغӵ

һޱȷޱս֮⣬ֻһ˲䣬·ڵĸֹɸ߰սѹȥģֻһɴ֮ʣһдۣҲҪѪս׵ķ
ڸܵȵս֮ˣһΣеԵս
һ̣ǰյĶˣЩӡ⡭һССĵ򣬾Ȼôӣ
֪ȫǷӣ˴ģֻʮʿַ׵ģ̤ǰȺ
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վһֻʮĴδй͸Ŀ־֮⣬찡ﾹȻôɵϺͷӣԭѾеֲˣھȻһӾͳʮ
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͸ϢӦҲ̷˶ŹֵΪ󣬾ٴκݺݵһѣԷȻһʦҲֹԪϢҲԲᵤʿӴʦһǲȻǸӣ
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ǸղηģԱԪĸֻƹһ¥һһ߻ԱԪôܲ˼ɵô
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ԡŻԷȫΧ۶ʱ䣡
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ҲӶŹֱϿ˶ߣߡˣɫҲһ˿ֻ˻һüǡ
ݺͷεˣڴʱȴֻһּ

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һѵĶʮöƣУһ˿󣬾ͳױɭ档
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Ҳֱʱ߲ŻȻһϲĵֲãһֳ嶯Ҫ
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⻹ǣǸƷԻԴãöԷȺڣ淽λȻԷڿ϶Ѿִǰ
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⣬ȷһֵֺŶ򡭡
Ҳڶ֮һ̣ŹֱӾǴϲæȺľ֮һΣ׶ס˰Ľ֮

⣬ҲǴһɶϢ֮ʱԭİᣬֱӾǰһڣһ㱻̼ȥ

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ǣûиǸһﲻѾԼĸ֮˲ϵ·ôôܻµĶ
ڶԷ֮ԭѾҡҡ׹ĴȺһαüǿ̾ðѪĳ嶯
һ̣ǣȴָһ˿ЦһõûˣǸոնֱСĿԭɾ͵ĸ֮Ѿĸɾˣ¶ֶܼã
Ц֮󣬰һҧʼһεĽ


208 ģᣡ
ʵҲûгԤϣոնĶŹ֣ھ֮Ĵ棬Զﲻϲ֮Ļ̶ȣĿǰģֻһ㣬ǾǵȺľ֮ȥάȺȹ̡
Ⱥľ֮ȴʵ̫ϡˣֻƬ̣ھһ֮󣬴ľ֮ͱĨɱ˸ɾңһֳ׵ĨɱһսЩ󣬾Ҳ
ǰһγҡҡ׹ģʽĴȺ£һγɱļһȻڸղ¶ܶ˫򡭡
һֺܿµ֮˵ɱԱ֮ǰʢ౶
ֻҪȺ
˫Ŀ֮Уɱ䣬ģܿöԷ¡

ô죿֮ôĸɾȺڣŹҲһμˣΪеľ֮ѾȥֵԷĽ֮󣬵˴ʱˣŹûгŵľ֮󱸡
ҪǸĻԪ簡
뵽ٴȡԭҺŹֲŸոշ֮󣬱ʣͻȻ
ô
⣬ʵڵһΣԷܽܶŹֵϲ֮ݺ󣬾Ͳˡ
һ˵Աľ棬ȴܲԴȺ׷ŭˡ
һܵȺķŭģǶŹȴѾΪԭҺó˻ԵԪ
ҪķŭϢŹ֣治֪ǸþϲĿЦǡ
ô˵һζ򣬶ֵһ¶ԷΪ֮
ԣڶ̶̼Ӻڻ£Ƶʱÿֲޱȵķŭ֮Ź֣һζˡ

ԣ
Ҳͬʱ⣬ڳѹŴȺͶŹֵİᣬٴθֶϢֱӾ͵һҧһҧԼͷ
⡭⡭ֶ򣿣
ļУֱӾʹӰ͵طȻҲţһѾ򣬶ڸ֮˲·̵ߣڶ̶ʱڽ򣬵ʵǰỹǡ
⣬һǹôô
һθܵΪ򣬶ֱȹĴȺǲ֪öʼɻǸ÷ŭΣɱԽԽԶơ
һ޷ɱ붼˿ֲ
һֶ֮Ҳּ࣬ӡ
ݺݵҧĽ֮ҲԽԽ

Ӻ
֮ŭ֮Ѿ׺ľȺڣһοŭĴ󣬶Ź£ͻȻ˹죬һ̣ټȥʹĸĻԪˣתΪһڴ֪µĴֻʲô֮
ڴУŹּ˫ĿŹóԭҺӽС

Ⱥ
Ҫɱľ棬ֹ޷ȻŭҲˣһΣȺױð
˭ʱͷŭУǿ¾ֻĪİˡ
ԭҺļӳ£һֶ׼Źϯ¡
䡫
ļ¶УŹֶ֣ˡ

ۡ
һθܵϢֱ˫һͻһѪôѹѹƲסֱӾʹӿй
һ̣ĴԶƺֹͣתֶˣ
ѵǻþô
򰡣
ǿ󣬰һ֮˰ǰȺУǸļһôô
ޱȵĴУͻȻԼں۷ʱڣΪѰҶ򣬲ϧֻգǸյأһڤڤץסһƶΪֵġ
򣿣˵̫ˣǰǸһƵʱͨ˳Է찡
⵽ļٵģ
ôһᣬΣ
ۣ
ľҲˣһ£ֱ̼ģٴһѪһ˫۾Ҳͨޱȡ
һôѲôǣܡ
ݺݵĿ֮£Ľ֮ױΪһģԻصĶʼɣ

᲻ʼɻãһʼɣҲѴȺǼˣҪɱòŭˣûƢˣǶʼˣ
⡭
һʱ䣬ȺҲʼΪʲôڱɱģŰģǸŰļһΪʲôŰ˵ʵֻбŰʵ
ܵȺֲĶʼ֮飬Ź֡
ŹҲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ̶һСʱʱ䣬һֱͿҪЩ־ˣˣ⵽ǲΡ
ô˵ǿԭҺеĶʼ֮
ֻյĹУҲһ˿𾪺ɻ磿ʲô
磬⡭
֪ܶʿаģֻԪ굤Ԫ굤ܰʿļʣҲʵһ㶼󡭡

ۣ
һθܵǹɶΪʼɶ˫Ŀͨİᣬֱһڶ֮һѪ
ģôֶˣ磬Ҳ
Ҳֶ֪ãûٱֿˣһ̣Ҳ̲סſھһͨҧгݵĶ
ŭ֮УãԷȥԼܻᱻֱ
ֻΪڣľѾʼ˾ҵڵھ͸֮ҲԽԽꡭ
ǿиƽֿʼһֵľɱһɱԺͻΪħΪԶ޷

һĹȺͻȻˡ
ǸĶŭˡʼɡıˡȺһ֣ŹֱּЩЦĺβ£ˡ
ȻΪٴ磬Ƕ˸ɻ󣬵ڣȴûʱȥ˼
һ̣£ͻȻðһͷĺ룬ȥİ˵һԵлл
ֻ֪ҪȥԷͻɱĺ̵
ᣬǴ˰ģ
˷ܵļ㵸Ź£̲סͷһĸп
ʵŹ֪һ㣬ֻ˷ܣǲ˵ʲôҲҪһᣬ԰˵һлл
ǾǣԪĸ֮ƷΪƷӸΪƷ
ٶԪ磬ƷԪ硢Ԫ͹Ԫ磬ƷԪ磬Ԫ磬ƷԪ磬ŭˡԹԪȵȣƷԪ硣
Ĺ֮£һˣƷԪ磬ƷԪ磬ֻҪܼ򣬰һԪ磬׶Ȼںһ𣬾ͻγǿƷԪ磡
磬һˣٶԪ磬Ԫ硢Ԫ磬ԼкٶȵйصԪȫǾͻʱԪ硭
ʱò˵һľǣᣬյֻٶȸûշ֮͹֮⿴ƺе㲻˼飬ûշ֮͹֮ô͸͹鿴ܣôܲٿط͹γɹ
⣬ʵûʲôֵģöŹ˵յΪжľͿԿˮ͸ˮ鿴ݵȵȣ⣬˵Źˮ֮ģ
ᣬڷ͹֮ٶУҲܸһЩ͹Ĳٿֲٿأֻ򵥻Ĳٿأˮ֮򣬷֮ȵ߶ˮĲٿأԲ˲ֹһΡ
ԣͨ£һߣһζʲôôԺ󣬾ͺٶԶֻӵһֶҪǼָʣͨʿȺУһԪӤʿĸʻҪͣҲΪ絽ڣڵڶɽǸɫϻʿףʴ˵ļ֪Ҳδ˵ƷԪƷĸ
ڣڰһδεѹ£ھԭҺĿֲ£Ź֣һ
һ߶ʼɵĻķ
ô˵²Щ˿̣ŹֻǶһֱ׷ɱİᣬһ˿ܹŹֺܹŹֵ


209 ֻأһ
Уټȥˣֹ˼ӣһθܵȺڷĶϢ᳹ױˣһ̣ĸеһϢ
ɲô˵ЩΣŶԷһδֻһܺԷȴÿÿھ֮ǰͻȻƿһָ֮ٳֿ
оʵ̫̼ˣᶼûռϷҪɱ˵ʱҲɱôôơ
Ȼ֪ȥȴֺް취ԷŸ֮Ϊ⣬ЩΪǣϽԪ磬ֻһԪӤæ
⣬ָܷ
԰᲻òһ֮УּǱѵļȥ

ۣ
ʮӺ󣬰һΣѪģǼһֶΡ
ԼҪˣԷѹ֮£Ѿʮˣ⣬ЦôЦЦҲδ⿪̫ˡ

ʮӺ
ͻȻֺƺƵĸоǾ뱻Ѫĳ嶯ò˵һѪȴվû³
ֻΪڲԷĶ֮󣬾ȻѾЩľˡ
ڣĺ뿴ļһܶٴΣͲţһ޼޵
ֻҪмޣǾкľж֮ɱһ̣

һСʱ
ôڶ򣿡˫ĿĸǰĶϢԼ֪ϣһȥ·
ԷĶ򣬻ڻĳš
һκҧҧͻȻԼĽ֮Ҳ˼ģ֣ȴٴǰһƣͱ
ԼĽ֮ǿǽӽԪӤڵĴģͨʿȣر𣬵֮һС룬ǸĶڲס򣿣

Сʱ
ᣬɵˡ
ͻȻֱڳȥԼĻġ
Ǹް
ƽӣͶһΣСʱ˶ٴΰٴΰǿǽٴζ򰡣ǺƵʡ

򡭡
һСʱһʮζ򣬶ŹҲˣҲ벻򣬾Ȼ˳ʱ䡭
ҴʮεĶѾһܲĸȫȫ
е֮򣬻ܼȥôʵ벻ʲôûգŹԺУʵҲЩľˡ
ҲʱŰѹեһµϢͻȻʹڣȻ
ϲáˡߡŭʼɡԹޡ
ڸղűõ֮Ȼ룬ÿһش˷һʼԾת
䡫
ǳǿ죿ŹԼҲû˿ֻ֪Щ֮ʼԾ֮˾ͽһֵֺ״̬ƺʱһ̣ȫֹͣƺʱٱǧٶš
Ҳ¶״̬£ŹͻȻ;ǰһ˼ԺԾִһĵش
ǰһƬããƣŹָоԼĴڣҲоκֱӾЩ־塣
ںͰΌţôԼͻȻֱʣ
ҲޱȵĽУŹǰٴһٴλָʱͺȻķ֣ԼȻһӡ
һ͵ȣ۵ӣһƬֵУˮֵĹȡڣԪھʦľ֮ʲôûˡģֻһ塣
Źֳ׻ˣ⵽ô£
ǲټ˾ĵȴȴû˿취
ʱ䣬ڵȴУţŹ־ͷ֣ԼԽԽ׳󣬸ǽ˷ѿƣֲ֪˶ãŹͷƿһ˿϶һѿֱӾƿǶʪʪ㣬̽˵ر
Ҳоһʱ򣬶ŹͻȻ£һ˿ɻ˭ǶŹ֣ӣ
ģһѿס£𽥱һһָ೤Сݣڼ䣬η꣬кöΣ׻𣬵СݣȴһֱǿŸʽֲѣһ١۾ϲ覡һСϣһһɢ
ֱѼǲ֮ʱŷȻ˿ή⼸ӵĵ䡣
Ź֣ڻһ˹
ٴη֣ԼһƬããУΪӣСݵļ䣬Ҳ׷ӿԺ
ֻҲֻһ˲䣬Źֵ䣬ͳѹӵļ䣬ǸоͺղŹһޱȵĳӰһ㣬˶侳һ˵Ӱɢָֻ֮ҡ
⵽ô£
Ժһһ˿ȻŹĲȥˣղǳӰ̫ģ浽ʧȥ
ĵ£ֱӾԵĿ֮⡣˿ܣȴûκЧǰٴһڣʱȴԼһѽѽѧӤ
ô
ȻɫУŹֲֻüһ˿ŭ˵ʶٴʧƣܣֱӤ˼˼ȻͻٴʧڣֱһֱʧôһҲ޷Ѱˣ
һ˿ŹּǱֱ񾭣ҪǿкӤ˼룬ȴ֣ԼҲ֪˶ٴΣһֱڶ϶ʧжȹ֪ģӤѾ𽥳󣬱һ꣬ʮʽ˼ζҲһеһԵ𺳣֮꣬󣬶ŹֵķҲԽԽ΢ֳʧҡ
һ֮кŻȻղСݣǸӤһֻء
壬ȫ϶ΪһŶԷһֻء
ˣֻء
ԺͻȻһ˿򣬶ŹԭһֱججЩʧĴԣͻȻͳѹڵ˼꣬Թķʽŵһ֮ϣŶԷһϲֻأ
ÿһֻأϲŭ֣ȫ
ѵе֮󣬾ֻأһɫ䣬Źڳ״ԺлȻһ⣬˼һθŵһֻϡ
һΣΪ˼һֱһ⣬ŹȴûʧڻԼһֻغ˼ͳױóУǳͷβһԹߵĽǶȣǸѺ϶Ϊһһ߸ϵۡһж
Ҳһ̣һֱֺӾʹӶŹֿʧȥʶȴΧȺһϣȻ
ֻԪ磡ֻأ
⣬ǶŹھһαԼʮӸ֮ƷԪ֮һζ򣡣
ƷԪ֮ĶǱŹڸղţûмʱ򣬵ȼ֮Ǿͻĳһֻأɢҿԭ־ʱҵһ⣬ż


210 ѿ
ֶˣȺڣŹ־ֻأʱ⣬Ⱥ⣬ȴֻӶѣһθܵڵĶϢ᳹׷ˡ
Ѿ֪ԼڵĹû壬ԷֹĶĽʲôã
ǣ𣿷һֲĶȥĺܻɣԼľȥպһ
ԣľļţֻǿնĶǰʩչŽ

ֻ֮һƷԪĸӦԶٶȸ򡭡Ⱥڣոն򣬻ֻ⾳ĶŹ֣һθܵѹƣֱӾһƬ֮ɫֻ֮
һƷԪĸǰڶЩ͵ȵӸԹޡߡʼɵȵ֮󣬾Ϳ˲ȺɢЩͰΌ⣬ԭıϲ֮ǿԺͰΌⲻʱ䣬ôڣ׶ֻ֮ǲǣ
ֻһ˲䣬Ź־ͷһֻ֮ò˵ŵֻ֮ʱȴͻȻˡ
ԼڣܱߵĴȺû˿ֻ֮ã
Ҳֻ˲䣬ŹֲһͱڴȺڣһ仯ȴǺɢæݡ
ݵĹУǲðɻֻ֮Ҫ߶˵Ķ࣬Ϊʲô˿ã
ʵ治֪Ϊֻ̫֮߶ˣһҪʩչѶȣҲǴĿš
ͬӸͱĴʿԹ֮Ҫסʿݿ־壬ԵԹޣܻԹ֮ΪǵĸƷֻܸܵΪǿԹ֮ҲǿԪ
ͨĴ˹ȥΪǿҲû˿ջ
Źֵϲ֮ΪڸԴϣҪ֮߶ˣڱֹʿݣ򻨲ľɽʯȴݡ
ӸǱƷһȣ͹˳Ϊ߶˵ƷҪ㼯һԼӸΨһĻȡ;ǻۡ
ǰǸԼеӸ۵һĳ̶ȣʩչ
һ˵ҲǶŹڣı壬֮ϲ֮Լ֮ʩչֻ֮
Ҫ֪ÿһֻأʲôɵģûиʽǾ͸ֻһǡֻأֲĵطҲʽ˳У޷԰Ρ
Źڣһ֮еѹե˸ɾȻ˿޷ʩչֻ֮
Σ²ЩŹֻǾܵݡ

ҲǱݵͬʱȺ⣬׼ֻΪģˣųʩչİᣬͻȻͷһν֮ʩº󣬾ȻİǰĴȺסˣһӣסˡ
ȱ˼ǸȺ˼ô㽩˽һ֮͵һ飬ѹֱӾͱһܳɹжĲһ档
ûôûô
Ǹޣڶ˼ô

һĿЦڲסһ̣˷ܵĲȥò˵˷ܸлûгʧһӴѣУҲ͵·
ã
æҵѹѣУŷԼĽ֮ȻҲѱĵֻʣһɡ
ȷĴٻ񣬵ϾԪӤڣԪȣ໹治һǰ㣬ܳСʱͣЪķ֮ѾǼΪˣŹԭȵϲֲֻܼ֮õĳ̶ȣʵǡ
ʣһɵĽ֮Ҳ㹻һɱǸˡһ̣Ĵĵ£Ըеһ˿־塣
ˣһҪɱҡ֮У
˫оһƬ;壬һǰϧľٴη˽
һһγɹ˶ʱ˷ܵͷԶæľʹ߶ķ֮͹֮ͻɱϡ
ӣⲻܣ
ŭһһ߿ٿŷ֮͹֮״ݻٸղһֱŹֿƵĴȺһʩչǰĴȺ
ˣͦٶȣǼΪݣ¶Źֻһζݣ˵нٶȣҲȻ
ǰŸߣһ˺žͼ׷ٶϡ
ȥҪ˶ãͻ󷨣ʱ򡭡һ˿ȻƣΪʲô޷ʩչֻ֮ŹȴϾ룬ֻܼȺݡ
ڽ磿ֻͨݵ
ԺһͷŹɫͻȻһĵ¾ðһ⣬ڶݳȺ󣬾æͨ׵ĳȥ

ƣ
¡¡
һɹǿĹŰһδιдѵƣܿͿʼݻеȺֱƬ̺ڸϵǰһִ˴Ⱥ֮⣬󣬰͸Ĺߺͷ磬ܡ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ֱӾͿһӰ߽ӽĽڡ
ҲȷǰĻƷɣڣԶŹڸһֱӾȫʩչһ߳壬ݡ
°ٶȣֻһߣҲޱƽڡ
ڿԷӰ󣬰Уһ׹ʢ£
һŭ⣬Ἰе˫һ죬ڣеش˲ͱóİһˮͰĹֱӾʹǰ׼ǸݵıӰֱ¡
䣡
ڽȷƵϿֲֻ֣һ˲䣬âر֮£ֱӾͱڻһףɵĹ֣â֮Ҳȫڻ
ֻǸһޱƽϢŹֱӴһУףʴԪٿ챭Ʒȫֵ
䡫
һĺ죬һ̫ը˵أеһУʧȥɫʣһɲǵǿҹâڵһ
˼ӣھҵıըУأһλָƽ
ҲͬʱһɫӰֱӾͳ˱ըǿֲԣ·﷽ԲĴ׵ӡ
ȴͻȻһüһʱоһ˿ɻ
оһ˿ԪɢϢͷβҲֻڷһʿǸʿǸղǸһͰı̬
ԪɢϢ˵ģǣǸһľô
ò˵ڸղŵļСʱڣἸÿʱỵ̈ţܰѶֶɱǵķԷʱһɻ
ģˣƺе̫ˡ
ֻϸ˼һַ֣׵Ļɱ֣ʵҲֵ⣬һû˸֮ʹȺıǸֵΪʵܵͺܵ͵ģԲܵסʢŭ֮µһ
ôǡ²ô룬Ǹ̬ļһѾһ֮£ᣬٴηһ˿ɻ
ǲֵܳһˣɱҲɱˣ˷һ˿ȥ˼̬ޣʵ̫˾ںηˡ
ǿǽٴζ򰡣ָ֮ԺĳɳţԷģ


211 鱦ڵ

һѪǱѵӰֱӾʹڽ磬Ľӿ֮һ䣬ڵһ˲䣬ǿѣĳ嶯ŹһɨϳǷֱӾתʦ֮һǧףʧԭء
ѿǣղһ֮ʣİ취
ñƵףʴԪԻԷ
ףʴԪ񣬻ƷԱ֮ǿоѽ˶ԷһǿҵĹɱڳڡ
ȻʱֲʵϣܵˣأֻһЩƤ˶ѡ
ǿҵѣУҲֻΪеĸ֮һգĺŰˡ
һ죬ŹϢ֮ڣϳͷ͵һɣǿѹ¾ҵѣУֱֱƶˣվһ¥¥
һּæڴָУѰִ׵Լ滻
һк󣬶Źֵӣٴһʹ̱һͷǽڣС¥ݿȥ
ֻ֮ô޷áУŹ˿ԼԪھйôָЩȫݽߵĸҪѣУʱҲû̫õ⡣
ƽʱֻҪһЩϲãܽڣָ֮ĲʩչȻڸղʹףʴԪһƭ֣˭֪ǸļһûϵһûϵϢһӷڴϲ֮ʱ⡣
֮£ŹҲڻ̨˶¥󣬵Ƚ˵ݣżĿ˼
һκͰĶԿ˵ͷβһֱǺ޷ֻ֮ǿݣʵò˵ҲˣԪӤڵĿֲ
ỹԪӤڣ˿ֲˣǼԪӤ棬ǡ
ֻҪһ룬㹻˾ġ
󣬶ŹͻȻ˰סʱ磬ƺǶȻʿаҪ֪ŹǽʱŻӵġ
磿΢΢һ֮󣬶Ź̾͵ǰɵףʴ˵䣬ʼ̽
ܿ죬йļϢֱӾӿֽԺò˵Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ź־ˡ
磬һ鱦
˶ܶ򼸴ΣףʴҲ֪ǶһϢҲֻ˵˵ڰǰһԪӤ棬ڵ֮лõ鱦
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ûãĿǰ³˾ڵļλ֮⣬֪ˣò˵ǴԺھڣλڵԪӤ濴صʿ˶˶ҲˣŽ԰߶Դ

ͳʮ˸Ծϵ½ᵤʿƣᵤʿ֪ж٣򣬻ø֮ʿֻһȣٵÿ˵ѶˣǾǸԪӤе硭
Ȼ˶򣬾ȻرҲֻһ˲䣬Ź־̲סһɻҲԽԽ鱦ڵЩʲô
Ҳɻµ̽ףʴ˵ļ䣬Ҳһٴλ
ţ˵ٺϵ£ʿڷĻ֣ʵ͵ͨʿʹõҲһƷֻ֮ͨϵĳƷȴ֮֡
ȻƷʶȽ⣬ķһⶼǼΪ󣬵ò˵Ǹϡ֮УҲеֵ֮ġ
򵥵ľŹеϺףʴлõĲٳƷҲΪ󣬻һ֮ϡʡ
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˵鱦Ÿ߲Ǻô򱦣ǼΪϡˣЩԪӤ棬Ҳûм
鱦֮ϣ鱦
Ϊ飬֮Ϊ龳вƶɵķ鱦
ÿһ鱦ֵΪ֮ͷѪر£Ҳûһ鱦
鱦󣬶ŹһЦ磬ֲÿ԰ʿ򣬵ȴԪӤڶ鱦
ԺУйڵļ䣬ȴһΣöŹޱȣǼĻЩ
ֻΪڵ֮ڣҵһ𺳵Ϣ
ڵλšڡɽ֮أȻһ㴣ǿ֮Сڵ㣬ڵû֪澿ʲôһ֮ء
Ҳֻаȫе֮أִܵڵ
Ŀǰδţ˭ڵģǰԪӤ棬ʵҲֻڵһ֮أõǼ鱦
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⣬Ҳֻе𾪣ѾֻأȻֻ֪صĿֲǣףʴ˵ļУһͬ˵Ǿǵһ֮أʵһǰӵֻԪǿʿȻֻԪ磡
Ҳ˵ֹȫƽһֻ֮أͿԵõǸֻԪ磡
⣬ޱȵĵطֻǴţʵΣû֪ȴҲˡ
ֻԪ磬ҡӵԺҲǰһ¶Ԫ磬ãʿ̳ǰ޵Ԫ磬УԷһԪĹ̡
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ڣոնֻ֮͵֪һطһֻԪ磬ֻҪܵõպеһֱ۵ĵ·Σնûʲôв⣬β


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ټʵȴһУҪԺ˵ĿǰҪģܴܲӰӵ

Ҳڵݻ½ʱһɫӰֱԿֲٶȣңңͣ˺ϳϿգǰᡣ
ȻãӦԼһ˿ԪɢϢǸһѾˡ
ǱϾֻͨʿԵģǸޣȴûһĲ˵ͨʿ˭ڼСʱڣʮΣ
ҲڷϳʱӴϢ£˫Ŀֱһ٣оһ˿֮ɫǸޣȻû
΢ԪھϢдָϢһƬȫͨ˵ȺУΨһһԪʵ̫Ŀ̫ҫˡ
΢󣬰ֱӾ¶ȵɱһΣǸޣӵ
ȻûֻһΣҿӣϾһƬֱӻơ

ҲͬʱڣڱĿĶŹ֣̾һݣ£ֱһ˿Σ֮⡣
ˣĽѿǣڵȻûãǱԷˡ
Ҳȷ书ʵóԭһֱľ֮ͨȻͨʿȻһϸ̵Ķʿȴûá
ſɬ֮ķ𣬶Ź£Ҳһ˿ɫ
ǰǸĻԪ磬ֱӾͲȻҲֻһ˲䣬һɺƴޱȵѹֱӾʹӵڣеѹȫ׼ΣԴ֮ӵȥ
޾ƣһεΰɽֱӾŶԷѹϡ
ͻȻıʣȴһ̻ɱȻİᣬ˲ʧȥѪɫ˫иһƬ׵ľͲ֮ɫԪ磿ܵڱʣ಻ĸ֮һ̣Ȼ˱ѹƵ޷ƣ᳹׾ͱ
ϾȻԪ磿
ò˵ȴҲᶨҪɱԷľģʵ̫ɲˣÿÿܳϣԪ磿
ԷȻʱڣӵԪӤڵԪ磬ΪǽõԪ磬෢ԪӤǰڵʵңҲԼֲ̫á
ողԪӤǰڵʵһֻƷԪ磬ģԼٶϣڶԷֻҪϵԪ֮ľʱһоעˣ
뵽һ˿⣬ңң뵱أʱ̽䱸ŶŹֻ֣Ҫôͻȷ¶ԷֻƷԪ磬ֻǸողǰڵʵҲԴ󵽽һԡ
ԪϾԪ磬̶ֲȣͨʿģΪ޽ӽ־磬ŸԪĿֲ
ֻҪԷԪ磬ǿԼٶϵƣһֱڶԷǼʮӺһоͶעˡ

ҲڰΪԪͻԣ˼ʱһȵϢֱӾʹӳĳֱһһû˸߿ա
Ԫ֮ɱ˰ᣬԪ֮ͦڸ߿УŹһɨԶ䱸ޱȵİᣬֱӾͼдſֲƣѹϡ
ɱ˰ᣬԪӤע⣬ɱѻ졣
ҲǶŹָնˣ̾ˡ
ˣߣһ˿ۼֱӾͶʧ˺ϳϿգҲֻһӲͷ׷һ׷һӣִ˶ش
ҲǵʱŹֲźȻķ֣ʱԽԪ֮ٶϣȻռһơ
ʱ䣡
˲򣬶Źٴɫ䣬ֱӾһͷųԨڶȥ
ϿնݵİᣬҲֱһתͷβ׷ϡ
ˣҪӣӵȥֻҪԪʱһ
УҲ˾ΣҲҪһϵԪ֮һգٳ׻ɱ
ᡭҲְ׷Źٴδŭ͵һӣ󷽼׷ļһȴҲֱͣ£͸ʮ֮أңңš
⣬һöŹͷޱȣҲϾ˼ᣬֱֱԨݡ
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ಣಣಣ
ҲֻǶ̶һʱ䣬ߣֱӾֿԽйأִ˳Ԩڽ總
󣬼һһַ׷ûڽ硣
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ڽ磬Ź;żͣ£֮ƣκȴԻ˶ԷֻңңһҪĸɾеԪ֮ٶֵ
ٶϵƣŹ֪Էͷȴ޿κΣֻһ·ԨڵǼʴ
һȻ֣ʱӵԪ֮ϰּΪóٶȵߣһ޿κΡ
ڣѾоڵԪ̶̼ڣͼһ룬뾡ִǣȻͱˡ
ڵЧΪȫͨˣΨһԪǺڰеһյһ㣬ΣǣҲߡ
Ψһͷֱ봫Ŵʱעź󷽣Ծɵ󣬶ŹУֱһ˿Σ󣬾һ⣬ʧС
ҲʱңңںİᣬȴͻȻһ˿Ц˫һ죬ԨڣͳױðеĹߣȫʼơ
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ֻҪڶԷ͵ĹУٵ󣬶Էͻᱻʱ˺飬ܽҿԪ֧֮һᣬҲӲɵˣϾԪ̫֮СˣֻܼƬ̶ѡ
ڴݻٴָ֮ηǣȴҪġֻҪڵڣͿԣٶȣڵ򣬺Ǹ򣬶һģ
䡫
еĹȫһһˮͰĹֱӾŴȥ޴ƣһ˲䣬ͳ״ݻԭԨš

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Ҳڴ󱻻ʱڽпռתƵĶŹ֣ȴһ˲䣬״˷磬ԭЩͣĿռֻ֮һ˲䣬ͱñ
˵ǰֻЩʧ⣬ȴǷһҪˣ˺Ƭ
ɫУŹֱӾƴתԪ߶Ԫ绤ֻһ˲䣬еĿռȫ˻Ԫ硣
һƬĻ֮Уֲʱѷ죬һڶһ㣬ƴŻ棬γһӴޱȵò˵Ԫ֮ǿҲΪ޾
ԲЩڶٶٿ죬ǱȲŹֵĲٿأҲֻƬ̣Ź־ͺȻ֣ԼԪˣ
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ʱѷһ̣ŹֱӾ͸еܱ߷·޾ѹ£˲Ͱѹıޣѹֱʱа˺Ŀܡ
ޱߵĿռѷ죬ˣǰδеĻ֣̿ƴȫŸʽֲŹָͷؽᣬ֪η룬ֻӲеѹ
ģһ˿ѹեɾŹҲʧȥʶ


213 
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Ź˵ģĸ֮ڸղһѹեУ壬һֱǿҵĿֻšη֮飬Ӱ쵽ܱߺڰգǿһ˿˿֮
ò˵һ˿֮Ҳ޷̫ãȥûⷢҪƬ̣һоͶɢ
ȷ˵ģΪʱһֻȥʣһƵȴͻȻƮ˶Ź࣬⣬һֻ꣬һֻǰռѷ֮ꡣ
꣬Զͨ˻ʿǿĶ࣬ҲǿҵԹޡֻΪƬʣֻӴѹĿռڣǸ޷ֻأԶֻܱ״̵̬ļԼʱţҲȴУڣֻʣһǿҵƻԹ֮顣
ֻ꣬ڼŹֵжʱʢֱӾͻһȥ
ʱŹ⣬ҪİãȴͻȻʢ
ݣ֮Ψһİ취Ǵݡ
ݵķʽ֣һǸ֮ߣӵʲôͿԴʲô統Źָոնϲ֮ʱÿһӽˣĴĵﷺϲ֮ɫܶʱ򣬸̲סЦһδݡ
һִݣǾƵҩݣٶȻϲãһδݣٱɽ彨ʹȻΪһȵȣֻи죬ܴݣһδݡ
ִݷʽȻԱ߶ԣֻǸӸôֻͨ촫ݣδݣʿԹ֮ʱֻͨѪֶΣסʿܴݳԹޣ޷ԼԹޣʹ
ŹӵеģǱͬʱ߱дݺδݣǽʮӸռֻ֮֮е֮ںһĸӸҲԵģӵδݵ
ʧȥʶǰڵĸ־ȷӴޱȣֱӴ߷һ˿˿΢ĸ˵ʱĿֻźη֮жôӴˣԣһֻ꣬Ǹտ壬ͱݵ˿ֻšη
ڣֻҲֻ֮Щͱ국Ӷתһ޷ĥԹ֮ˡ
ЩԹ޵ĻȴЩηͿֻţڵηͿֻ֮жô
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ݣһԵԣǾǱݵĶԽ󣬴ЧԽѣŹĸֱ֮Ӿٴδǡ
ڿռѷĿռѷ죬ǶٸɵԺ󣬶䱣ͬһռ䡣
ԣ֮ڣж꣬ΪռѷĨɱӶ꣬һֱģܿ죬꣬ᵽϢֱӾʹԶӵŹڵλþ
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ֱ󣬶Źڵηֻ֮֮ѾһΪֲĳ̶ȣѾһޣڲס׳
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ﵽ˽֮ĳֱۣӾη֮Ϳֻ֮һͻƵĴûⷢŹĻһ·ͻƣֱ֮㡣
ò˵⣬ȴǾǶŹֵı仯
ڵֻǻԣû
㹻̵ķ֣ܵһѹ󣬶Źֽ˹
Ѻһ˲䣬ֱӾ͸оڣﵽޣһڲסη֮Լֻ֮
󣬻ɻ󣬾ֿһţһ鼸ꡣ
ڰãҫ£Щ꼸˺֣ɲеı飬ǳηͿֻš
Щ࣬ޣι״Ķ
ô£ҵĸ֮ôô죿廹ʧУŹָ޷άκ״̬ȴ˼Ҳֻ󲻾ãͲΡ
󣬶Ź־治֪ǸϲǸñˡ
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ٺúһܱߵ꣬ôĸ֮Ƕ˿һй̵ϣ
ȴǣĹŹֿռָôȥûп޷ȻΪһ죬Ϳ̥ϢʦΪڶʱڣ屻չм޵ġ
ô˵ڳ˼£Źֻʱ߳£룬ҪԱ
Աģɾ֮
ηͿֻ֮ѾҪͻˣŹ̾ͼӴηͿֻŵȡ
ǻͨˣٿԼ϶̫ãŹѾЩ֮ڿϣҲĿά£µηͿֻţҲԽԽӴڣһδλС
š䣡䣡ĺ䶯ŹڵηͿֻ֮ͻƣȻͻƣֻЩӸոն򣬵ִԭϲ֮ĸ߶ȣֻǼʱ䣬ԭҪһ·̣ŹֻЩϲ
η֮Ϳֻ֮γɹģԺ󣬶Ź־Ϳʼ˼һô̼һ֮
Ҫƶһ·ߣЩУһ仯Чﵽѡ
뵽ŹֱӾͲٿؿػץһֻڳͷβֻη岻ѣһе꣬ļ䡣
֮󣬶ŹźȻķֻ֣꣬ǰֻһͨˣԷޱߵĺڰռ֮УҲѲ֪˶ꡣɱԺ֮ڣֻޱߵĿֻźη壬󣬾ͽݻ˾
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Էǰ仯裬ŹֱӾʹھ֮꣬ҲĿת£һþޱЩȫһһ̹ĵļ䣬Ҫ̫򣬾һһ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬Źڣԭûһ˿ľֱ֮ۿɼٶȣಣಣಣĿ


214 ֻ֮ʦ
֮ٵУŹָڲס˼뿪Ƭռ䡣
ҲŲסղֻļ䣬͵شһĵ£һ˿Եҡ
ЩĿֲ꣬ڱ󣬶޺ģʵϣЩΣ̶ȣȴǼΪֲģ
ļӵԪԪӤʿռڣһʼԪӤʿеԪ磬Ҳ꣬Ȼ٣٣ռ̫ˣе꣬ôɱ޷ɱĸɾԪӤʿȴΪڵԪľԪ֮ľҲɱ
еֻգûһ˿ˣʿʹõģֻԼԭȴԪھԼһЩľ֮ǰҲȥĵ·µģֻ·һ
ԪӤڣҲһ
⣬ֱӾöŹֺ䤱ѣӵеģеЩ꣬ڴ֮󣬳˸ʽɱ¾֮⣬Ǵʱ
ڣδݣֻҪӵʲôεӰԷҲʲôͨʿһ벻ĥܰԹ޴ݳȥǺҲһǲ롣
ȷЩʿеĥֶΣͲãֻдĵףͬܵĻļ䣬Ч
УЩֻ꣬ΪҿűʧȥԭһУһеıܣһǻָҹһ˿亹ŹֱӲٿظղֻ꣬ʼһƬ֮Уһе꣬˹ȥ
ֻҪҲ·ôӵжôԪΪһյģѵֶΣЩа
˵Źֻ꣬СĿҿǣ꣬ûзΪͣҲһͨ˳̶ȵ꿪ʼɣһֻ꣬ҲܿԿֲٶȣѸͳɳ
һ漣ǻʿƬռڣҲǱɣΪǵĸֻδݣκβЩꡣ
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Ȼʵȴϣ
Ҳ£Źһþܱ֮ߴ꣬ȫʷǿľ£˿ɺɱԺûκž֮һ߸һֻ꣬ס꣬ס׳
ܿ죬ֻ꣬ͳɳ˫ֵİٵĸ߶ȡ
˫ֵİ٣Ѿܴͨ꣬ﵽǿ߶ˣΪûԪ磬ǿ߷壬ڴﵽ޺󣬶Źһһֻ꣬׳󣬵һֻ꣬ȴܣ
ʮ֮кܶ࣬Թ޵ȵȣ޷Щ꣬ȫͣʱֻĿĹһУҲ
ֻ뱣֤ƽôֻҪƿֻšͿˣȻѾһѵǾͲ˷ѡ
ܿ죬ڵľ֮ѾﵽһޣҲͻƵƣ֮󣬲ס׳󵽼޵꣬Ҳֻ֮࣬Щļ䣬ڱޱߵĿռ߹Ŀֻšη塢;֮󣬾Ƿ񣬷ĹһУɱһУ˴˼໥ɡ
ֻֻ׳꣬꣬ȴŹֿܣȴҼȥݷֻ֮Ϊ̫Сˡ
뻹Ҫ׳ʵ
һι˼ʮСʱ֮ͻƣٴ׳˲٣Ź࣬ﵽ޵׳꣬Ҳ˽ֻһͰ֮󣬶Źתʼɢ֮
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ԭһƬ֮УʲôǲõȺ׾ͷˣǿʲô͹ʲôܶԷǲǺһ
ͬʱвֻ꣬ЩŹֿƵ׳ꡣ
ЩɱŹֿƵ꣬ȴûйȵķˣֻǽңһֻһֻȻУʵҲڲסģֻҪһֻµ꣬ͻǵƸԱű˴ֻҪԸǰͿԣܿ죬Źֵķ֮һοʼ˿ֲ
Ҳʱһ⣬ͻȻǰңԶ֮أڴݷ֮ĶŹֱ֣Ӿһоһ˿ϲ
ЩļУ⣬ͬһƬ磬ͨͨǿռѷ죬ȥǾ⡣
ȥҲ뿪ֳڣ˵ȴԶ޷ƺֵشһεǿҲ˿޷
һȥϣŹת֮˲ѷ滻Ϊе꣬ƽ󣬲´걳⴦ƶ
Ȼһֳڣԣܳڵ򣬿ܳǣܳܳδŵĵش˳ǳڳȥִĻһȫİĵشΨһĳ·ŹҲ˲ˡ
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һӣŹֵһֺȶ״̬ƽʱһֱߴ꣬סԼ֮һڣͻµǿ꣬ȥ׷ڡ
ķ£ֱڵĸ֮һԭȵϲ֮ͬĸ߶ȣȴ޷׷κһڡ
ҲǵʱŲЩԭӦֻӵзԹ޵ȸָ꣬Ҳ˷ܡֵʱ
ǵ˷ܺͿ֣ǷʱǾͻ᱾ֻܵף˺һĿǰľأȻٻȸԾţȥɱĿꡣ
˵ޱȵĿռÿһŹӵͶһյյƣ꣬ǰɱ
ҲΪʲôǸԪӤʿܼʱȥҲᱻ
֪䣬ʱ䣬ҴҶŹڣηֻ֮֮֮֮ԼԹ֮֮֮˷֮
ʮոճͣ׳һһͻƣһͬģֵֻη塢ֻš֮УֵûԵı仯֮ԽԽֵ࣬ҲʼһδεԾ
ڣĳһ죬Źһͻһ֮ʹִԭȵϲ֮ͬĸ߶֮һµϢֱӾʹڲȻ
һ˿˿߲ʰ쵵ֱӾʹڣγһʵĹβ㡣
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е֮ȫﵽһĳ̶ȣôͻڻͨγֻ֮
ֻ֮һ֪ͣ133ֵҲһӾͻǵƿ̤ˣʦڣ
ֻ֮ᣬҲǰһ޻֮ˣǿֻ֮Ź£׼ֻ֮һͣȷǷڴģᣬǸһֱ׷ɥ֮Ȯһİᡭ
ɲΣҪģδһƬ޵ĵش߳ȥδ֪Ŀռѷ죬ִܵĵشҲδֻ֪ҪܳȥһٻصǸİᣬԼţˣ


215 ӳ
ڰռУ治ʱ֣֮Źڳ״ֻ֮󣬾Ͳרע֮Ĵݣһֱٿű꣬Ѱҿռѷ졣
˾ɥǣڹУ⾭֣¶Ź֪ÿһ⣬ͨһռѷ죬ÿȥ׷ʱֻ׷ãͻʧ
УȥԶҲҵ·Ҫ취
ĬĬ˼һŹֿʼ۲ЩռѷֵĹɡ
ֲ֪˶ã𽥷֣һƬ֮Уһش⣬֣ʱϲ
æ׷˹ȥһɣǲ֪ʱιִһƬشʱøϵٴγֿռѷ졣
ڣŹָһŹŹֵɣѷɽ˿ռ䡣֣ϲڡ
ʵҲǹǹ۲쾭ֿռѷĵشȻϹȥЩռѷĵص㣬᲻̫գŵ
Щֻڣɵĳ֣ȴ״ǡ
޷ռѷ촦ٴγʱֻܿԼٶˡ
ңңǿɣףŶŹֵٲǰУŹһһ׼ȴһοռѷĳ֡
ֹãǰ⣬ͻȻһߣһ߳߿Ŀռѷ죬ֱӾڵغȻͣһȵ쫷磬Ҳ̾ʹӿ롣
˵ѷ츽ױȵĶŹָоȴԿһɹǿڡ
ǴǱҵ̬Ҳ̲סЩ
ֹԺ˲һͷŹ̲ٿؼֻ꣬򵱵ؿҲ굽ѷ״ʱȴΣٿˣв꣬ΪΥŹֵԸܵƲãɢƣȴɲڿ
ǣȴҲѾЩķΧˡ
һ˿񣬶ŹֱӾֻ˫ִֵİٵǿ꣬Ա

ҲԱһɹεĲֱӾͿʼɢ䣬в٣ЩΥֳ塣
ԱȻǿ󣬿ɻһ˲䣬ͱǹĸɸɾ
һĻ֮󣬶ŹȴϲֻҪЧͿԡµֹֻ꣬һδεսУѾִһΪֲ֡
һ̣һֱֻ꣬Ӿ˵ѷ֮ȫΧ£һƺȣֻ˫ֵİٵ꣬ٴκȻըѡ
һΣǿĳÿռѷɢ˾롣
ذ֮ڣֱƽơ
˫ֵİٵ갡ǿǽٸΪӽԪӤڣֻûԪĳǿԱǿռѷҲЩܲˣ˵һ;ֿռѷ죬Ǿ˵Ŀռ䲻Ǻȶ
ѵõƽŹֱӾವһڣڷ˵ĹУһâҲֱӴϺںֻ֮ϺһβȻ
Ҳź䣬ռѷǰ׵شڳƽŹֱӾֲٿһѷ촦ȻԱ
Ǽڿռѷ촦Աһǿĳõصѷ죬һ˿ҡΡ
ŹֵɫҲһ£ƵķԱʿҲһִˣɲǱƵĹūɢʿԣֻӰڣΪŹֵĸǴãղԱ꣬ûˡ
ɲΣһԱֻõĿռѷ죬΢εһ£һ̣ŹֱӾͲٿسӿڴٴԱ
һԱǾ˵ģֻһ˲䣬ǸߣһߵĿռѷ죬ͱըѵ߿
ˣ
ǿѹѪĳ嶯ǰµĿռѷ죬ŹֱӲҰವһɳѷ졣
ҲͬʱղΪԱƽĿռ䣬һΣһֲ

ʱĶŹ֣Ÿոշռѷ죬ִһȱֵϿգһθܵĿֲ£ֱһ˿ŭƴתȫڶ۵ķͻͬһʱ䣬߲ʰ쵵ֻ֮ҲھԪһ˿˿⣬γһ߲ɫĻ֡
ӶѣΣһҪס
֪ǸռѷֻмӣŹҧϧһУԿ£ÿһ룬һּ尾ڣھԪֻ֮ڴȵš
Ҳֻ֮Ȼ˽Ǹڰռ֮ǰֵռѷϾղţԱ˽ֻ˫ֵİٵ꣬ŵġһƬռ䣬Щ꣬ȫʧȥϵҲ֪ǲηĲ֪á
ȻҲ˵ոճ͵ֻ֮ԱôֻĲѣЩ꣬˿֮ûУϲֻ̫֮࣬ȴߵĸڵ̫طֻԼ㹻ġ
̤̤ۡۡ
һεξӨĺ飬ֱӾʹӶŹǰ󱳵סӿ£߲ʵĻΧԸоڵۿɼٶȣġ
ɼˣҲû˿취ֻӲܡ
ڣڲסļУǷԼӣڲסռѷˣ֣һһû˿취
ȣ
Ҳһ˿˿УŹ֣ȴͻȻһһı飬ȴǲȻŭֱת˷ŭ֮ҲãԭƽޱȵգֱӾͿʼƼһֱӾͿ˺˸߿ա
ҲǲΪжڴʦΪʱֻҪŭꡣ
꣬ɾǿĺܣ

֮£һưôֱ꣬Ӵм磬дſֲƣǵռѷ죬ò˵һףڷѷʱֱӾͱѷ˲գڴ֮µĶŹ֣Ҳһ˲䣬˷ܼһĵھԪиղΪԱܵˣҲȫȻָֻֻ֮޷ֲڳµ
ʱԿҲһ㡣

ֲĺХϯһƬƬգԼһƬƬֱ꣬µ׵磬ſռѷӿȥŹ֣ȴڴУһ˿˿һ㣬ǿάӣˡ
˼ӺеĿֲͻȻɢҲͬʱŹֱӾһžһͷֱֱ˹ͺͺĵϡ
աЪ
Źһ̣һֻ֮ѣǼĲʪ۾ڳˣ
뿪Ǹĵط
Ź֣ڻˣ


216 ׷ɱ
޴֮󣬶ŹִֺܿԭطɲǾ֮أһٳֿռѷˡ
ڵֻ֮ĵ߰˰ˣڳ׿ݽߣһεû̫ǿѣС
ڷ֮󣬶Ź£ΨһͷǾѯʣ﾿ʲôط
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Ҫ﾿ʲôطȻȥ
һ˿ᶨĹâŹֱֱⷽȥ
ȻҲ֪ԼƬռôãڵĵ򣬾ˣĸĸΣڵĻƷΣⶼ֪飬żûһô
ҲڷУŹַſʦľһпԲϢΪѵִʦڣڸдϢϣܲķΧԶĶࡣ
һ߷Уһ̽飬ܿ죬ǰԶ֮أϢ
оâһһѾִǧ֮⣬ֻ⼸ޱƽˡ
ˣϢд£һǺ֣һͨˡ


ͰĴУһһСӰסԾ£ּ䣬С֮ˣ޳İ͹Ӱֱֱں󱳣ٵıУЩƣһŲϣȴǱż˿ѪۣһǾˣʱȴ˻źͲҲּ䣬էէ֡
ӳȥһҪӳȥֻΪǡ
ƴҧҰգܸоԼ۾ҺҪڣѾŮΨһҪǿȥ
ǣһĲұ䣬þ̲סҪʧʹޣôΪһӣһˣӣôͻ֮
һεѪսˣƴŸĸŮȡһþһΣЩҪʧʹ޵ĸоǣȴûʱȥޣڣܾӳȥĸŮɾˡ
Ҳǵõǿӵģ
һҧüƴȫǿϵƣԼµıʹסǰݡ
Ҳʱ񾭱ͽޱȵĽãȴͻȻоǰһһӰ֪ʱͳǰʮ⣬ֻһ˲䣬һɾ޴ľУӿͷ
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󣬽͵ѹ²ӣǰǵӰʮףſʼѽ֮ˣҲһ֮££ȴͻȻһ˿ɻ
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Ҳֻһ˲䣬ľͳ׳ȥֻΪڶԷϣоһ˿ھϢǸ꣬վֱһʲôͨһǣղͻȻϢǰġ
豹棿
͵صһУһΣ͵ؾһɾ֮顣
һ̣Ȼһ豹ĸ֣׼ʲôʱָˣѵʯ˵£
Ҳֻһ˲䣬þֵ˼࣬󣬿ǰ񣬾ֻаϣԷܷŹŮһǣô
Ҳڽòס֮ʱŹ֣ҲھǰһŮӣһŮͯ
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΢΢һۣȻо֮УŹ󣬻ֱƿĿ⣬Žõʡ
Ҳͬʱڳϣɫ£Ҳһ˿ڣܷܲŹ
һ̣һˣȫȻֹԣͨ
ŹȻһ̣˫ͻȻͱһǿҵ;ϲԷ˵Ļ׷ɱģ
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ŮͯĴޣһöŹȻȴ֪Ҳһֱάֵƽ֮öԷ׷µн䱸ͺ£ͷųһ·е
һ߿ޣŮͯһ߷ҪӽñǿŶŹֵ填ɱǡ
ǡһŮĻȴҲѹµıʹֱӾվԭأŮͯʹ
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ҲǰһһСŮӵʹУŹȴͻȻɫһԶ
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ЩʱڣǶĸŮȴһֱʹޣֻС˺ܶѣȸеӺֱ׷ĽŲʱϸ޵Ľã͵һ飬ֱӾʹԭվ𣬸һѰŮͯ
ͬʱ£Ҳһ˿ɻԼղţô޵ô죿
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ˣüǻɻҶϵãĸڲǰ׷ǣȻˣƴŻġ
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һ֮£תȴǴȻķ֣ŮȻǸֵӡ
壬Ⱦ裬Ⱦǣɱ˰ְ֣ҪɱǣءСŹֱ֣ӾʹᣬŹ֡
⣬ȴǶŹֲָֻ̫̫֮Ᵽƽͷɵ£ûжڸ֮ߣǰܲӰ죬־ᶨģӰСЩǱģ׾ͻᱻӰûһ˿
ڣҲҪʱʱ̴ֻ֮̿ǵγִֻ֮ʦںһһֻΪ֮ݡ
ŴǰһˮǣŹȻȥֻСŮڽʲôǲ²⣬Ͼǰ棬ĸűΧӣޡ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ź־΢΢üͷ󣬾סȡ
С˭Ҳʱ𽥱ƽĸУһɨɨһɫͽŵĽãŰߣ˶Źϡ
֪Ϊʲôڿֵʱ£ͻȻ볹׷ɵĸо
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Ҳֻһ仰ĸУȫһ˿âɱ
һͨ˶ѣһɱˣ
ǣϿѶȥʯˣ

żԴĸеһֱ꣬һ˿ɣֱӾԭһԾеĳŹСӣסɱ׼ү
Сģ
һӵƣȴһæ˵һ̣Ů࣬ңҲǰԶԷĲ²ˣһĵ۾ڣֻʣһƬźͿֻš

ӣǱ˴˶һۣȫһЦȻ˽ɻΪʲô˿Ҫ̲סһУѵõ泩ĸоȴֻΪۼҪеɡ
ڴЦУӣɨ˶ŹһۣҪ֣͹һﵹùɣΪʲôƫƫײ󣬲ŷ׷׳ֱ˽á
һʱ䣬ɱֱּӣûѣ


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Ŀ־֮׵ģֱ˶µİүûɣ£ͻȻҲһ˿ɶֹĿ־壬һϵĿ־Ͳ
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ҲֻüͻȻһУ󣬰үӣֱӾʹӷУ۵һڵأ󣬾ͻһ𣬿ʼ˼Ĳ
һ߷˫Уֱһֿŵľ壬һҲһ̣ȫΪױȵĿ־壬ҰŤһ

ôѹƣҲѹƲסµĿ־壬ү̾ͷһҾ徵ľУֲľһ㣬һӣҲŵ棬䲻סˡ

һķεļУһδӰүвȻͨһӣײ˺һϡ
ͻȻıʣҲֻ˲䣬øղŻڷⵣǶŹǰǵĽãа׼׼õӣȫˡ
ͣе˼ԼȫɵɵĿ˰ү
Űү־嵽˼ı飬ǵľУֱӾǰˣĵ£һ˿⡣
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ģôˣ̲סľУǰһˣֱӾʹžֵߣʰү
壿꣬ҲȫǷ⾪ĶŰүȡ
˵ļУȴ˿ûðүѣǲסͷβĿ־֮УҲֿ֪־֪ڿ־ʲôɾǷĿ־ߵһС
ʱһĲҽС
ֵ״ȴһΣǰ׼ˣӽŵ͵һֱӿͷǽãҲЩɵɵĿŰүеһ˿Ե⡣
ҲʱŹȴһּסǣһ̤˰үࡣ
һĺɫ˿ֱӾʹеУֱ˲û˰үڡ

ںɫ˿ûԷںһ̻ηľİү˲ƽҲǳ׵ģ̱
Źֵֻ֣һᣬһ͸΢΢źɫӰҲ̾ͱӰүڣֱӳ

ⱻģȻǰүꡣ
ʵʵ˵ڸղŲ²ú˵ʱȻҵĿ˿˾̲ס·ᣬŹ֣Ҳֻ΢΢üûоҪҪ֡
ֻΪ֪磬ÿʱỵ̈鷢飬ֻ棬Ȼͻ
ͱʱ򣬺ؼҺĶԹȫΪ𣬵鷢չȴǺؼұϽɱȲֻʶӣΪҵǿԮַغϳǵġ
ںʱ򣬶Źں׷ɱһڲ֪ȻΪǶˣǿһһ١
⣬Ǳʵ֮Ĳ𣬵˶ŹΣܶ飬Լľϣԣһ̣沢û¶⣬ҪҪ֣ԥ
ɽã⼸׷ɱߣȻһֱӾͳɱһŹȻٲ˿ԥˡ
һ֣׵ĨɱҪʩչֶΡ
ֿ꣬ѶԷƳɹūֶΣĿǰõģֻҪ˰ү꣬׾ͿԵ֪ʲôطԲͨ⣬ӶԷУȫٶȣԡ
Ҫ֪һδεɱУѼʯ͸ᣬǸڰռ˲֪ˣִޱȵĹʩչҲûһ˿
ԣڳү󣬶ŹֵУһһźɫֱ˰үꡣ

Ҳֻһ˲䣬һ͸ֿ꣬̾ʼ˿־ޱȵĺУһΣֺУȴֱӾǰڹۿˣȫǰһڣʹصȥ
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Ȼʶ꣬ɼӰүڳ͸״طͰүȫһеǸߣǵһʱ䣬µʲôֻȴӿֻ

Ҳֻһ˲䣬꣬ҲȫǰӰʱҲѹױȵĿֻš
⣬Ǹʲôﰡ
˴˶һۣ׼ˣпһŨľ;壬үô˵ҲǺصĸ֣УҲߵʵڣȴԷζͰɱǣɱ˲ͷ£ǰ޺꣬ȴԷ궼Ź
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Ҳֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬˵ӰУֱӾʹһڵĲҽУȫղŵİүһ׷״ޱȿֻŵη壬ز
ҲǵʱŹֲųү꣬ôǸѾûںڵĹūһͿ絽Ǹ࣬Ҳֻһ֣̽һ꣬ͱӶԷڳүֱ꣬Ӿͺϣζļһ׽ţѶԷȫ¡
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һУɱˣ꣬ٻʬ𼣣ȴǱŹ߷һ㣬ޱȣʼգһֱһȻı飬·ǺһȻ
⣬ͿƬǰ޲̻˰׼˵Ľãһ˵ӣ͵һ£һʹ˱ŵþڵءվţҲǾûһǸӵӰֱӾ͸еһϵľ壬Ϳֻš
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Ϊһϰߣôʲô
ҲʱǸŵɢӣͻȻתͷһۣǺֵһۣ󣬽þͻȻ֣ԼԭǾźµ˼޵飬̾ƽ·ǰˣһħٴαһͰ׵ˡ
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ǡŹֵĲ˽µҲֻνЦһͷſǣۣʼ׼˵䡣
䣬ӶԷһӵмʼ˳ŶԷѧϰԵĲ裬ŹֶԵնȣҲڲסɿҲǳԣſʼ̽飬⾿Ǹʲôط


218 δֵֵ֪
ҲڶŹֿʼЩʱղһֱŹַǣ͵һںڵĴ۾󣬵ž֮⿴ʱܿͷִ˴ĸףһֱеİ⣬ˡ
ǣҲŶŹֵ֣ĶǾĽãżæһСѹŲӿŹ֣һŮͺ
һĵǺͺ£ǶŹʲôħһת֮󣬾ͻȥ
Խõĵͺȴ͵գգ۾ŵ裬ЩأǴô
仰ýһͣһֵĸо͵شǰӣȻֲȫǴ˵еħһ㣬ȴĸŮľˣͷβҲûж¶κɱ
ԼƺӦӦøмŶԡ

һĸŮķӦŹȴǺܿ죬ʹһЩԣ󣬾Ϳʼ˳Űү˵ļ䣬ǰ硣
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ƽһλǳ½ĵشС
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ΪռѷĴڣȽϡԶ֮͵Ķࡣ
֮⣬ж󣬰ү֪ʲôү˿ֻ֪һЩţ֮⣬һӴĵ۹ص۹ص۹һ׷֮¡
ϾүֻƽһԵǳصļѣǸǰ׼ҵȷһƽԣͲʲôڣԼ½ˡ
֪ģǼڵһЩоƽǿĸ֣ʯأһλǿߣƽ֡
ص۹׷ֻ뿪ģ̽һЩõϢˡεҡҡͷŹٴʱоƣڶԷУõõĶʵ̫ˣƺҲֵ֣ȷǸʱѷĵش̫ˣҲݲеĿϡҲ
ϾĸǿҲɵӣûܵʱѷôĵطʲô
̽ԷļУŹҲµ֪Ǹ׼ңԼ֮ĶԹЩǼʽĶԹһֻǰ׼ҽƣһΪڣռ˴Ϸ磬ͼװγҶѣԶֶԹŹֵûʲôȤֻǴҴһɨͲٶܡ
ϢҲɨһЩİ£ǾȻˣĸŮֻҪӳƽͻģ¶ǽңƽڵһС߾ǳһļ壬ֻҪӹ׷ɱͿԷؽұѡ
׼ҵ׷ɱߣѾ˳Ĩĸĸ֣ڰ׼ҲǲСʧ׼һսУҲûˣʱӦò׷ɱߡ
΢һ˼ŹĸŮʱѾûΣˣǿˡ
֮󣬶Źֱתǰ̤
ò˵ĻֱӾûЩսսĽ͵һ㶣˵ĻԼôˣ
һ˿㶣ܿͱѹ£ֱӵˣһ£
Ź̤һĲӣ΢΢һ٣ٴοԷʱоһ˿ɻ
öл˾֮һӣ͵Ǳ˸ղŵĴǲ֪Ƿ񿴵ۡ˳ŶŹֵɻ󣬽üæͣǴӻȡһľУƵľе;У˳ִ˺иǡ
ڸղŶŹʱ򣬽õȷ˼˺ܶණǰ꣬һǿߣҲĺ֮ϾĸŮһҪģ֪ԼʲôԱԷġ
󣬾ⳡֻӣȻ쾳ʯ˶Ҫӣǲ֪ǰ費Ҫ
ǣͷʵҲΪƽʱ̫һЩԻûֻһڶѣڣóģҲֵֻˡ
һ̣Ľţ¶ԷӣȵĽţ˶
ǣˡŹŻȻȻʧЦУǿӣеأֻҪһˮøˮһ׵ı
ҲΪصĶˣ׼ǡɵ֪ƽλʯһܳС檣ǳϲռضĶһЩƣӲ¸пҡ
ŹôҪֶ
ıƯҲֻһرѡ
ȻʧЦУŹ΢΢һۣҪжȴ룬һۣȴֱӾ˳״ˡ
һȥǵȷһΪͨӣҲֻϱȽϺÿͨ͸ĴСһʯһ㡭Źִǡ
ӣֵ
ֵǣֵȻǾֵδֵ֪δ֪
ֵʾδ֪ǶŹƽһ˫ֵİٵҲܿƶԷֵǣһӣȻδ֪
ֻûԪӤʿ֪ܲܿİϵֵӡ
һĲŹԭѾ̤ȥĲӣҲ͵˻һ̤ؽ࣬ǹŹֵĿǰٸһۣ۶ϣϣԼĳл
һץӣﴥ
ӣȥһƬȴ֣ɲôôӵֵôֵֵ
΢΢̽ţȥӣŹȴȻ֣Լͱһε赲
ӵֵģɶ塭˼һŹֱӷһ˿˿ȥӣȴһ𾪵ķ֣ԼĸȻҲ⡣
һЩУŹֱʹϲ֮һУƼ䣬ͻȻðһ˿˿߲ǲУ
⣬׾ˣöˣĶǣֻ֮Ķûֻ֮Ʒ
ⶫô֣΢΢üŹ˼һ£ŭ֮һתգͻȻһֱ꣬Ӵ
⣬ȴ͵ŵ˽ĸŮŮҪŶģȴȻ֣Ĵ꣬һεͷϿգ;ת
ҲʱŹֱӾһţڵһ׷ԲСӣٲٿƣעСӣŰӷ˽ȥ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬һޱȵϢֱӾʹڷŹڿĹ۲£ȴٴδһǹϢ³̶ȣǱֻԪʱ
ϢԪھҲǸ֮ڣԪھȥ֪͸ֲ˿쳣ֻʹֻ֮ǿһ˿ϲ֮ȥҲ˿ס
ѵ֪ӵĹŹ֣ĻµĲ
Ǳֻ֮ǣǲǸ
ĵУŹ־ǹϢ£ԭһˮ𽥻ûᣬһΡŲɫʵı
⣬һ׷Բӵвȣ߲ӿ֣ȴ˼޵һ仨
ǵģŹֿԷģûһ仨Ư̶ֳȣһۿȥԵľ޺ͳУͷ·õ
仨˿һĻһڣһΪŹһκȻķ˱Ȧ
ֵδֵ֪δ֪


219 ǳ½ڵ
ڱԺȻɢȥŸղֵĴ꣬ٴһ˿½Ҳеģ߱ʵҲɲΣûֶΡ
ͷβû˿ǳ͹ա
ֻڵĽãȴͻȻһ˿ɣԷǿӣһЩ˶ϡ
ǣȴֻһԺĴ۾ŶŹ֣ޱȵı֮󣬱ǰĳ嶯κȴӣֻεľС죬ԶԶ͵

仨ϸĶһֻݵıŹµɻҲԽԽֻΪ仨ҲǸھֻظ򣬶޷
⵽ʲôӣȻ˹죿
ֻ֮ƷԪԪӤڵĿֲҲѾʶڵȴǴ֪
޷͸Ź־ֻȥȥۿҲһδεϸ۲죬ͻȻ֣Լűһϸ򣬾ʧ˽ȥ
ȻһУ͵һ⡣
״ڵṹԼһУһ𣬾Ȼһͼ
Ʋ󣬶ŹַˣڴΪԭҺİһǰᣬЩ˻ԾԵھȵȣͼȥ⹹ա
ȴһС
ͼֱǸӵ˼ޣԶȫ֪ʶá
ֱ͵һһ֣ڵְӣתŽõӣȷ
һӣȻ䵽ͨöŹЩЦԷǣ˵ƾֱֻ֮ҪϢǱԪӤϹַ֣ҲԻᣬǸޱȵĴҲӵгֵ
ڣӣȴǿֻǺ쾳ͻ㣬ڣһû̫ӣ׼׷ѰӣҲֻΪǸʯһϵĽѡ
⣬ɲоŹ֡
ֻҪܶԴãþˡиˣ˱أ͵һ¶һ˿ǳЦǵǣ˸𡣡
壬ˡССǣһԴ۾ǲᣬɻǷɵĶŶŹֵ
ǺǡŹٴһЦһ˿ŵͷǺãˡ
ŻأٴŲһʱʧ˿С
˹ٴ˽һǵɴ۾סңȴôҲٿŹֵӰ
ÿֲλˣΪʲôز²ʯҲԺһ˿𾪣ٴαǣӾŴǱȥ
Ҳȥ󣬶ŹֵӰͻȻи˸ֱӾβȥ
ʵûϵԷȻ͸һôӣе㲻˼ܾԼմıˡ
Ҫֻ֪֣⡣
ԣ밵лŶԷȫִ¶ǽҡ

һ죬Ź־һֱβ׷ڽĸŮۿŶԷ¶ǽҺһתȥ
ȥǰϢģһѧǷڣ׹ǶŹֵŴʦģ־ø֮һҪڽĹǿ
֮⣬ص۹׷뿪¶֮󣬶Ź־ֱӷ⣬Ҳǵʱſʼ˽ǳ½Ӵ
ٶȣ˺üգȻڡ
һ·־ԽԶԽŨ˵ƽŨ̶ȣֻ൱ڵĴڽ磬ô⼸պĵطѾԽ˵
һ·ϣҲ˼ɣЩûʲôǿϢ
ַһգŹֲźȻķ֣Ÿո뿪ġ
ҲΪ֮䣬һԵĽޣǾһ⣬𣬾Ȼһࡣ
̤֮󣬶ŹּʱɾͽʱָܷᵤʿϢ
ҲڲסķУŹͻȻ͸еҺ󷽣ּϢ΢һӦ󣬲ŷӰֱֱӺ󷽷Ϣǿ̶ȣڽᵤڡ
ڶŹַӦã󷽼ʿҲӦ˶ŹֵĴڣ󣬾һֱӴֹ½ҲǸô
ԷʻŹֵ͵ؽٶȣȶԷ𲽿ʱϸϸǰŮᵤڣȫǺڣˣɢһ˿Ϣ
˶Ź֣֪λеʲô󣬶ŹֵЩֵĿڡ
ʵ˵뿪Ժ˴̽ľˣǰܸӦһЩᵤʿϢԷҲɽڣܲܿݷñ˵ɽţŶԷʿֻΪɡ
£һֱ·;˽ᵤʿҿ⼸˻ơ
ò˵Źһ仰̾ȫ¶һ˿֮ɫҲֻ˲䣬½ֱӾ͵ĪǶŵģ
ǡŹֱӵͷ
Ǻǣֲá½ŻȻ΢΢һĵǳ½شĿֵطȻҲֵز
ʵʵ˵ղڲŹֵϢ½ֱӾͷϢӦȴ˿͸ŹֵΪſģȴû뵽⾹Ȼһʿ
ԭŵѲΪ޳ԭǻΪԺ͵ѽ飬Ҳñ˴иӦУһϵʿҲͻȻڡ
Ǻǣ޳ʲôŹ£ٴһ˿ɻ󣬿ѯ
޳ǳ½ڵޣϮ½Ϊʱ򣬷½ᵤʿʦߣִԵɱޡ½ٴοڽͣȴһ˿ڣΪȷ̾Īǵ񣬴δ̤ģ
ûŹҡͷȻ˵ԼǴڸĿռѷġ
Ǻǣ͹ֲˡ½ٴһЦѾȻ޳֪ǿ¾͸֪ڵˡ
ڵҲֻһ仰Źֵ͵ؾ΢ɲǿһ£ڵǲšһҲǵ򸽽ôôӴޱȵĴ½Ҳڵ
⡭һֱΪλصգû뵽ڣȻٴڵϢŹһ̣Щ
ټϣȴû˿¶Ͼڸе֮˵֮˭ĲٿԼǾǷĪ


220 ޳
޳ǽڵ½ٴεͷĻȴöŹɻ
ʿУ̫еڵİ취ơ
ڵÿһʱ䣬ܱһֵ˴ֵ崫ƣǽĴҲ޷ãһֱţڵʿֻƽڵÿƣֻܹһʿʹã˭õƣлڡ
ò˵εõƣȴֻܿõģڱչڵʱҵߣõģǿѰһҲһ顣
Ҳһְ취ǾǹЩõĵõƣȴΪڵΣնڣԾͻóȥۡ
ҲЩһˣ˽ڵĻᡣ
ڵȻҪ޳ڣ
ɻУŹ£ͻȻһͷѵڵֻɺϵ֣ʵûκϵ
Ǻǣ½ѣڵʲôһ˿õԤУŹٴηʡ
ҲڷУ½ٴοڣڵʲô½ĳҲ֪棬ֵκʿȥһǷ½ǿ׷ĵȼɵԪӤ棬Ҳÿα
ڵȷѣʸڣҲһܽڵһʿҲ˿ڣڵΪڵĲ֮أֻе֮أִܵڵΪֹ׷ļɵԪӤ棬ҲûƿĲ֮أЩ֮дر
ⷬȴĶŹתΪϲڵȻǸڵһҲڵĲ֮أѶȣԪӤҲͻƣ
һʱ䣬Щϲˣ¸һ˿ɶֹͷлᣬһҪȥ
˵棬п׷һڵķֻҪڵϵҲ˻ȥϣˡ
ڣҲǳ½Ĺ죬ԪӤϹĳɣȻֻһ½ϣƽ£
Ȼ½еףڵһԪӤڣԺɨһƬİ
žֻԪӤʿȴͳϽʮ˸ԾϵӲźϵ
Ǻǣǲ˵ڵֻ޳Ҳֵƴˡ½ȴڶŹ˼ĹУٴЦſڣڵޣ;ǽᵤΪÿһִ½ڸڣнڵǾơ
˵Źɫ͵һ٣ƣƣ
ڵϵ
Ҳ½ȵٴνͣŻȻ޳ʲô򵥵˵ޣһޣͨޣһڣһЩǻۣޣ㵽˽ᵤڣҲûʲôǻֻۣѪɱ¾ĳ嶯һʿ״ǹѪײϢͨʵõ
ޣ
һޣͨޣпȽᵤڵʵ޳УģҲޣʵȻºͽᵤ޲࣬ձһм
ޣޣ֮ͨޣǿֹ֮ٿͨޣһȺͨ޵ͷ졣
ޣּʣʿȺУͨʿ͸ʿĸʲࡣ
ޣѪɷ̶ֲ֮ȣҲǼΪȻģҪʮʿɱһḶʹĴۣͨΪѪɷޡֵĸʣܵͺܵ͡
ļޣ֮һֲּĸ򣬿һи򹥻һ̶ͨ߳ȣ޸ǳǨҲǵ޽׶εޣΪޣȻʼСһ֣ʿجΡ
ɲֹūȻҲͨϸ׾ͻᱻɢޣǾԵһУȫһΣ
弶ޣ֮һи֮Ȼ󳹵ںϣ˵һޣ޳е񣬾ԪӤϣҲǰ˭Կ˭ռˡԪӤʿԪ磬ǸȴһУһԪ磬һɣǸ
ޣǾԪӤʿˣҲǰƵߣȻͱɣҲû˼޳֡
ƣͿκһֻڣ˭ܵõ˭òȫõģɱֻͨޣܾ͵õһöã˵ޣҲòһȻǰ޺ܻ
ʵϣһ޳½ʿǰȴֻΪһƣϾڵգʿ˽֪Ǵ󲿷ˣǱڵħԪȥģ
ɱһֻޣԵõһƷħԪʿ֮֮Ĵ̼£мʶʵõߡȻƷħԪֻʿһΣҶƷӸҲǼΪֲģΪ޷ãֻҪ㹻ħԪͲ޷
ɱһֻѪɷޣԵõһƷħԪʿ֮󣬼пܶƷȻܶƷħԪҲֻʿһƷһʿãӸʿҲƷħԪƷ
ޣ޵ƷħԪǷãȴֻܸһǾ֮һһи򹥻һǾҲһּΪֲƷɾֱͣһ޵еĴڣ֮Źֵֻ֮Ҳضã
κһħԪƷħԪǳ½ǼΪģме䱦ϾɱһֻޣΧɱ˳ȺӵͨޡǼҪʮʿɵ
Ȼģ弶ĳƷħԪʷû˭ܳɹɱġ
ʿħԪҲǼΪõģΪħԪԿٻָͲʿĵĸһ˸ƷĸƷħԪѾٶ򣬵ħԪڵȴʿݽߵĸ˲ָ״̬
ҲĿǰΪֹǳ½֪ΨһһֿԻָĵĸĶ
ҲöŹĴΪĶĸݽߺֻܿһδδݣȥָû뵽ﾹȻħԪĶ
ҲǵʱŻȻΪʲô½ˣÿһἰ޳ɫޱˡΪ޳ȻΣգ޵Ҳ٣½ȴࡣ
ȳ׹ЩԺҲ½ΪʲôôģҪһУֻΪ޴ģǾ޴ķգ޳Ȼ̺ž޴ĲƸҲ̺ž޴Σա
Ĳ˵һĽᵤʿͨһޣҲɥΣա޳ʱЩʿǳȺӡ
׷ĵȳɶԣʿֻҪھУڿĵһЩСɶԣᵤʿѾˣǰ½һУҲֹɡ
ǵĿģ·;ϣǰǰܶ֯һЩʿǿʵ
޳УΣղֹޣҲвߣϾħԪƣǼΪ۲ģɱ˶ᱦ֮£Ҳ
ھһ̸Ϥ֮½ˣЦŹַ롣
ŵѣ֪ûԸȥǰߣȥĻǽУڰȫϣҲиõı֤΢Цͬʱ½£һ˿˿ɻĵĶŹ֣Ϊʲôز
ΪʲôȻ˿ԷǳȻǿ͸ԷӦʵһͨʿ½Ҳôġ


221 
½룬ŹֵҲȻӦ˶ԷĶ顣
ڽύһЩǳ½ıʿȻǺôࡣ
Ȼ룬Ҳֹһ򵥵ĵͷҪ±ѪģΣŶˡ
һһѪ֮󣬼˼գҲ̸ʶࡣ
˸½һԼ
ᵤʿ½һģܣˮԪ֮ĿԼʮȥ̴棬зͮŮޣҲľԪ֮նڵĸͶŹڵĸӸ̶ȣ󣬶ǸոɳĻۡ
½ͷ֮ͮ⣬޺ξסī࣬ԼŮգͨᵤʿ
ŹʱȴֻǼ򵥵Ľһ£Լǽᵤǰڡ
ܣֱӾ½ȫһ˲ᵤǰڣ񰡣
ԷֻǽᵤǰڣǲûһˣԷǳ
ɲô˵Ȼ֮½ȷûӶŹ֣ȴһСģԷǽᵤǰڣֻ˵ԷΪǿᣬʲôرսԲףЩǵҲ׷ˡ
ֻһ·̸ţ߾С
һ·̸УŹҲ½˿У֪˸йǳ½ϢЩϢȴЩ֪ϲǱ
һȷһδ֪İ򣬾ݼ˵ٸϵһϵ
ϴ׷ġ˪ĪĸɣҲֻͳ˧˰ٷ֮ʮⲻ򣬶ǿɢޡ
ÿһΪﵽԪӤڵɢޣһɢ
ɢ֮⣬вȫްռޣһԪӤڣܻˣӶͳΡ
Ǹɡɢޡޡ
Ƭ֮⣬ȫһƬδ֪򣬾ԪӤ棬Ҳ޷ɡ
иԪӤ棬Ҫ̽ЩֱǵԪ֮ľڸҲһԾ޷;ָʵֻܼŶݻء
ΪǳǵĹ죬ֹӴ棬ӵ޳ڵ򣬾Ǹٺϵ֮У֮֮ǡĴ󳬼ĸɽţȫǳǣҲвɢޣһǳ½ռ˲ٵش
ޣ޷㣬ȻڸϵԣＸߵĴӪеǿ߶ڴˣĸҲ޷һƬ
ĸɣǳ½ռ˰ڽɽڽɽǿɢС
ԪӤڵɢޣȻԸڵĶǱ˵ĵ̣δּ£һͷĸоЩɢްռĴҲԽ׳һ
ɢޣȻ֮ΪɢޣǿʵȴĽֻһңڶѣǰռڣͽһЩɡ
Ĵɢޣ۵ģԵˡ
ҲǵʱŹҲЩȻĵ֪ڵޱ֮ڡ
Ȼ½شӴ棬ʵϣǴ̫չ۲⣬ģȴаٷ֮ʮһ֮С
򾿾ж󣬶ֻȻ޷ȴ̺綾Ϊ˽ᵤڣ־綾֮£Ҳ˶á
ޱʵֱ׷ԪӤڵԼ֮⣬Σգ˭֪ڵ֮УȴԪӤ棬Ҳֻܿƽ롣
ЩϢöŹϲǣڽ֪һЩĿǰڵƣǣԪӤڶ֪Ƭ֮ʲôҵصķˡ
ҲֻаϣڵˡĬĬ˼һŹҲЩ̸УȷеڵšڼɼǸڵǽһش
ڵ֣Ҳеʿȡãڵһ֮⣬һΰĵţϵһңϾڵ֡
һڵһһ
һ·ϣʿ½ˣҲٴη룬еļ룬еľܾһպһʿѾﵽʮˡ
¼ʿҲһȫѪģиһߣľֻͨᵤڡ
ﵽʮˣ½ͲˣҲһˣʮʿȻԸȺӵޣֵһᣬ䵥ޣҲǿǿɱġ
ٶ࣬ɱޣҵõƣħԪҲ÷ˡ
ЩСɢ޶ԣҲֻܴ䵥޵ˡ
ʮʿһ·УмżǳͣЪǰ߸ȥ࣬𽥵ִ½Ե
λǾǰ޳ûʼҪʲôǾĺá
һգڵִһɽ֮ǰֳߵһӴǳأ½ȴЦһ
½һǳأƽЩǳضǿһˣֻ޳ǰϦŻ𽥱ʿס޳֮ǰЩǳأһ޴Ľ׻᳡Щ׻᳡ǶôӺӴΪ޳ģֹȫǳ½ǿߣиڵǿߣֻҪԼʵնģȫӵ
ҲΪʲô˵޳ȻӴ󣬵ʿռ˾Եơ
֮Ҳӿ˷ٶȣڽǡ
һס¥ռݣŵģֱ¥ʿ׷뿪˵أڳǡ
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ʵʵ˵ǸӣԼıöŹЩĺ֪һֻ֮Ըӣ澿ʲô
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ԺУȻ߼ͼȴû㹻ļ弶հ׷
Щףʴ˵ĴָҲûУΪǸó󷨣óԸûд
ħԪƣŹֶ־ڱصã˳ֽ⿪ǸӵܣǾ͸ˣսǰ׼ҲǱġ


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ֻҲиƷֻֻ֮֮֮УټԭҺճķֻʲôЧԶԵ³
һ뵽Źڳ˷
ٿŷֻ֮Ԫ֮УŹһ±ʣһ˿˿߲өԪ˳ŷʼ
ৣৣৣ
ΪǵһŷԶŹֱǽԭҺ֮ƵģһٵдһŻֻ֮Ԫܿ͹һޱȵĴͼ󣬵ͼ׳ʱűٿհ׷ڡ

ҲڵԭҺͷһ̣ܱߵأ̾ͿʼҵķƼһεķ籩Ӵ˾ֵһŰһ㣬ʼŷӿ


223 Ѫսʼ
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ȫǷһŹֶʱһģǾϲԽŨԽ㣬Ǿֻ˵ҲԽǿ
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ȻڴҲûзſȥ飬ǰСȵʼƵڶš
βɱ֪һĴϣʵкܶ©ģԴʿʱĿǰҪģ֯һȺ

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˶ó˷Ҳһ֣ŹҲֱȡϺ󣬺ɫҲһƬǳɫ֣ڴָڣѾ˴Ĺɱ
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ҲڶŹֿոеִͨǰʱ½ˣȴȫ͵ȫһգҲգעţ޵ĶԾ
ȻԷղɱͨ޵ֶΣ½˶ԶŹֵʵԵһ˿η֮ģҪ֪ûжʿҪˣܶԸһֻޣЩɲޣϼֱ߹þʿеͨᵤʿĿ־ηѡ
ޣϾǸޣûиǶޣǶʿǼΪҪģʵҲһǰ㡣
һ̣˶֪ŹֵʵޣҪչ¶һЩʵɣ
ҲЩͷո·ȺУŹһ£ֱӴеĻ롣
ۡ
ಡ
ǿвˣһӴͷֱӾͱϺһ˺飬Ȼ󻹲ǶԷʬ䣬Ź־ٴһ֣˲ʬս˴ָ
Ŵ󲽾ͳ⣬ڷ
ܡǿиްһ
һʵδ⡭

ͬһʱ䣬ʿһγȻȫŶŹ֣һĿࡣ
ҲһƬУŹֵӣҲֱֱ⣬ŹֵĿһۣŵܣҿҪˣ
ܣ
󣿡

һ仰þʿȻѣԷһգбŵһʿɾͻֱӷ쭵ģҲֻ˲䣬ʿȫĵͽһಾԭ˾ŵֲĶݹ⡣
һ̣еĸоϾ´ȻϴһյģСӳԱ
ҲǿżȫݵǱݣŹһתŭ֮ٿܱ꣬תľ֮⾳󣬲ٿʮŷһһա
ȻûзôͲЩڱУǲƬҲУ
ŷĻգŴ꣬ε½׷ȥ

⵽ô£
ĸģ
˭˭ڹң

ڣԾһƬ֮еϰʿеǱݣеڷŭе׺ݵĹɱһٶˣֻޱȵ̬Ҳֻһ˲䣬ҲȫзĻգ˲䶨
ָĿߵԻڳˣ
Ҳؼյһ˲䣬ʿȫһ˿ŭͿϲȫ䱸ޱȵĿܡ
Ȼãһ֮£˼ȫһ򣬲͵ͷ
أ
ʮֻأһֻޣǿһƷħԪڣȥˣ
أأ
˭µĴһǸһȺɱޡ
ĸСˣҹ
ˣүȥƴȻһѣ֪˭µĴ󡭡

ʿһղƴƴµȺȻ̶Ƭ̣ȫʧﻹ᲻֪ʲô£ʱȫǲȻŭһƬŭ֮Уʼ̽󷨵Ϣ
ʿ£һͬͷǾ֪˭ڱʹУһҪѶԷ̻˲ɣ
ȷֱڣҲֻΪԷµȺ̫Σֻǰûţ˰㣬һ̣ƴ̽Ϣ
ɲò˵µʿѸʮﷶΧĵ涼˸׳죬Ҳ˿û˷κϢͺۼ
⣬ȴһ˳ɵˣ⵽ô£󷨣弶Ⱥɲ˵߾ߵİǱҪдĲòа
ڡ
һʿȫԭء

ͬʱ뵱ʮ֮صһɽڣŹȴһΣ½˵棬һֻȡ˳
½֣ƣڣ½һ־ηı飬ŹȴЦŵ
ƵĻͨͶЩڣֻҪһ鼴ɡ½⸴ӵĿ˶Źһۣһڸղţ𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
Я񷨱һʹõ弶ȺǼֲ򱦣ɱ޾ǲժʵһʵòηĲ˵ŹҪȡ;ԲȶԸղֻѡ
Ҳƣͱղţеıˣһһմˣ󣬷Ҫ۵һݡ
ֹ½ʱʿ½һ˼ԷʵԱǾŸ˼ҪֲĶ࣬⣬ǴȺȻÿ£ֻèצڲץ񣬷֪ôʹȺģҲɵӣȻֶ֪ΣԷ϶͸©Ҳǰʣֻܸɵۣɵơ
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һֱֻֻֻеʬȫһûзƣֻܰ޵ʬȡ˳
ò˵޵ʬһ½ˣȫ¶һ˿֮ɫްģħԪмĸʣʿ򣬼ѾģŻָԼĸóȥǡ
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½ֻ֣޵ħԪôȡ½еȣŹȴ˿һ㣬ֻٴοڷʣͻȻʵλСܶλֳգʵֳٶݣҲӦ֪ҶԣȡһЩƷħԪѣֻҪǼˣάֵԣŽλֳҪƷħԪģСܿ
Źֲ⣬Լӵзһ£֪ҲһֱȥںܶطҪǳ½ıʿģĲ⣬üƷħԪ£½һУ˵ϾѪģΣ˴ˣԼٸһͷŹţЩ˻ȷȡᡣ
Ͼ˿ҪѾǧܻƷħԪѶȣǲ󡭡
ҲŶŹֵĻ½ȣ͵һ˲䣬ȫ뿴һƬУǾԼɻ
ƷħԪĻ͸ˣ


226 ħ
ɻͺɣŹҲֻǼǳЦٶ˵ܶʱҪЧġ
Ϣ֮͸ǿ˶Ρ
Ҳ£½ҲЦţʼѰƣԼħԪħԪԼעȵȡ
Ҵһʮֻʬ壬ŹֹȻûзƣħԪеϣ⾹һͨףԲ״ָǺȴɢһӯӯĺâȥص
صģӦħԪĹɣĺâ޵֮ǲ״ģûκԵĸ
ûиʿħԪҪעǣҪס֮ĳȻĸԼĶϢĳǺǿʿ֮ǣȴҲԲҪԲСĿͷ
иֻҪħԪָݽߵĸʿ͸ˣʿ˶֮ǣٶ˼ǿߣһϢĳ
ڴħԪȴҪһƳɵϻװأȻĸš
֪һк󣬶ŹЦչ½װϻŵ˵棬ħԪڵֻ֮Ѿݽˡ
Ҳڷµһ̣ŹֱӾ͸оڵиˮǴһಿʼȴҲֻǵʮ֮һĳ̶ȣͽͣ
Ҳֵ֣ȻͨһƷħԪһӽ۷ʿָԲĸȴ̫̫ࡣ
ҲڷħԪ֮󣬶Źһ˿â⣬ȷѽȻôȺǿԿսɵģǽ

Сʱ
ǧս֮ϡ
һӿݵĴظʿȫطɳۣʱ̽ҡ
ΪһʿһɫΣһȥһھȼյһ״̬²κ˾ͶһۿʿڻԪ֮ĸϣŲ͵ĳɾ͡
ʿȻԶûʿۣȴҲԴһ˿Ϣ
ҲڼʿطɳУһӰȴԸ𱬵ٶȣֱӾʹԶ˽󣬾ֳһݼӡ
յѣˣڲǰʮСӣΧɱһȺ޺һֻʱͻȻ弶Ⱥ
ֻһ仰ڶʿȫˣ弶ȺڻˣɵɵﲼôɱޣͲһֱУҳô
һ˿ɻҲͷʮСӵʿȫǰ׳ô弶ȺҲȥû˲ٿص弶ȺڵϣҲżǿģȺ׳ղܣ
ǺǣأʿҲһ㶣ЦˣȻ⸽弶Ⱥ⻹Ǹ񰡣ֻ֪ɱޣûɱޣָγ󣿵˶ɵӲɣ
˵ãٵȲޣҲȥЩ弶Ⱥ⣬һϢ
ʿЦ꣬ʿżæһ֣ǣ£͸©ϡ棬ʮСʿΧɱЩʱû˿оȺϢֻһ˲䣬弶Ⱥƾð˳ǣȺȫ˽ȥ
ʿЦһһ˫۾ڣ¶˼ȵĺɣʶʱղ̣ΪʱһڿЦ
ֹʿʿҲȫˣ¶˲ŵ飬ƭ˭أ弶Ⱥ˵־ͳֵôôϢһٶʿûһ˸оĵ
ģҵЩȺֺֻƬ̣еޣȫʧ˸ɸɾЩȺҲƾʧһʮСӣһ˸׳죬ҲҲ˿쳣ʿȴǼæЦ͡
ò˵͵Խ࣬ʿϵĲɫԽľˡ
Ǻǣ֣ǲ֪ǵȵĽЦġ
ֱ̫ˣȷʵҶЦˡ

ڣʿҲ̲סµֱӾͷ׷״Ц
һƬЦУʿһ৵һǺˣ¶һ˿ŭ
Ǻǣ֡ʿ״żæһ֣ó̫ΣȴʱǰͻȻһ˻һʮӰ͵ľʹңңʴͻԣдױȵٶȣ䡣
ޣ
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棬һֻޣ׼
һʱ䣬ʮʿȫǰʿĻȫ䱸ԲٿеķˣھǻԶ֮أҲ׷ֳ˲ʿӰ
ҲȺԽԽʿҲԽԽ֮ʱһɲȻĺɫƣһճ৵һͰѸʿȺȫС
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭǳ˷ܼһȫ˷ܵЩʿǣȫɵˣ⡭Ҳ޷̽
弶󣡡
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ңеʿҲֻƬ̺ԭеĺɫƣ弶󷨣ѳɢٴλָߺ̽ʱ
ȴȫһƬŭѵķ֣ղǴԶ𽥱ƽȺʱѾʬȺ
˭˭ɵģ
յļһȻԤ˴󣿡
ʿ׷Χ۵ʬȺ󣬳ױŭˣԭǵޣǵħԪڣȻ֪˭޳ܵ׼õȺǰɱˣ
ǲ˵Է϶ҲѾЩֵǮĶȫˣ
ȫͻ˫ۣһʿ׷׿ʼڵأѰҴϢ
ǿ弶ȺǾͲţһ쳣ֲˣֻҪҵȺ֪Ǹļһġ

ò˵ԸãʵȴܲпᣬʿߣҲû˷˿״
һʿһΣ˳ͷβƣ;޴ɻ֮С
һħɣһǴӴɱɵħȻôӰȥ٣

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ƶĴȺӰȥ٣㲻Ǽ˰ɣħЦˡʿͬ飬ȴһı鶢ſڵʿ
˵˽Уһ֮ȫһǰʱȴ̼ޣ

ɻǳ׼һޱߵƣһһճеޣʹʿȫС
ʿһαôֲǱѣò׵ȴȺʧʱȴǵģһصʬ塣
ʿȻУвǰ˵ǸҥԵģʱ͵Ķһɫ䡣
⣬⾹ȻȫģģȻб̬ܰѴȺЯߵľʹģŴȺޣͻᱻԷɱ٣
һʱ䣬еʿǼŭ׷£ƿڴħǸ̬

һպ
һʿȫһŭ죬ȴҲĿ귢йȫһ˿ԹϢĲסҼɡ
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ħǸޣһҲ֪ɱˣһʿÿÿƬǰոտ޵ӰӣƬ̺޾Ͷ˱ʬ塣
ʿֻҪһħ֣̼ˮӿǣȫǱĿҪը


227 ˭˭ج
ò˵ʿٷŭħû˿취
ΪǸħ˭֪
вʿħһ˿Եη֮⣬Էʵֲ̫ˣһ֮Ŵÿÿ¹ʿӲޣڰЩڶ̶Ƭնɱʵһ룬˲
Уȥ²һëòУһʮٷɳ۵ӰͻȻǰһ˵ֹͣȫ˵ء
ҲΪʿĻʿȫ£һ˿Ρ
֣Ǹô죿һֱӽӹڷʡ
ǣûһǼһϣϯ˶ħԪʿķʣΪ֮ȴͻȻһʳһϵĻ⡣
ò˵仰ȴˣһδԷϴ˶ħԪ⡭ǰ˻û˼һ˼ȴȫЩ
ǰϣٽħԪɱǡһʿֱӾʹŲ
Ȼû˵ǸУȴȫһ˿޷ڵ̰
ֻƬֱ̺Ӿ˿ЦȻǸ̬ϵħԪĶ˭֪ô죿У֪ƾǵʵ²ǡ
ǴˣлᣡΪʿȴٴɫһ䣬ֻǿŴ֮ڳװˣûע⵽ÿһΣ뿪ʱ򣬶Ǻֻܼ˵ô˱УЩѹҲֲܴ֧̫ãǲУΧ;Զס
֣ȫϵСӣֻҪһʿУ
ҲΪʿĻˣŽɫǰǱ֪ԷôħԪɱˣʱҪһ˻ô
ȻˣɱħҲһܵõԷĲƸչлģ
ԣΧΧ
ȥϢɢȥ
ֻҪϵСӵʿȻˣɢޣҲҪɱֻҪǼһһ֣֪ͨˣǰȥ

һʱ䣬˷׷׿ڣܿҳһ˶Ķѵķ
ΪʲôħԪôڵ֪ħӵдħԪǻɱԷջŶһӾҲ޷ˡ
ҲļƶˣȫʼĻѪһ㣬ķɳۡ

ֹһʿڸһ﷽ԲڣбħǱѵʿҲȫ׷׻ۣƵľ
ֱ󣬵ʿٴħʱȴѾǸ
һʿˣҲʼۡ
ʿȫɱΪĿ꣬ҪģǷɢܱһ
ЩӴʿȺ壬ڼ𽥷ֳʮٵģֻʮˣģֱٶࡣ
Խٵģ߾Խ࣬ʵǿᡣ
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һʱǸħֶͨΣҲɣ
һҲħŰĵشΪԷجεش
ʿ£Ͷðһ޷ƵͷȫŲ֮⣬ֻҪԷҳ֣Ǿ;ڣ
ħԪǼһϣӵнħԪģļʿеһɲ

Ҳ£಼֮½ͮһУһκͶŹ־һ
һգ½ͷͮˣľͼֱһ㣬ǾŸ̽磬ŸᵤʿȫѸԵչΧγһӴޱȵֱߣȻ󲻹˭ֻҪһ߹۲쵽ȺӰͻ֪ͨĶѣȻһһȥ
Źסġħʱͣھ˶սڣֻҪһϢ̸ȥɱ
ھ˽ĿĹע£ÿһΣŹֶѸ֮Ƶִ֮ݣֻһصʬ塣
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ϴλʱ˿Źֵȫ˷Ĺ죬һգǶ֪Ź־ɱ˼ޣԹƣʮֻޣǾʮƷħԪ
ڣڵʱŹָһ˷ַһƷħԪ⵱˸мĲʹ顣
ħԪǰҪȥƴҲһܵõģڣȻ׾͵õˣټǰŹǰ֮͸ڵʱ֮Ľ飬͵
Ҳֻǲǰ飬˴һεĻзֿ׼ǰķʽɱʱȴͻȻ֣ʿȫʼ˻ۣ׼ΧɱŹֵ
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ǰһѾܾˡͮҲˣ׷׳ǡ
ŹȴǲΧɱ
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ӿʱ÷ŭ֮߷Ȼ֮꣬棬ӵпֲ
οҲ֪תƵش뿪ôսһҪǰľ档뿪սԺ©ħݣͻһֱԸʽΧɱϾϵħԪ̫࣬Ѳʲôܡ
ֱڣûеõƣ뿪
󣬶ŹȴֻǴ΢Ц½֣ǷģаӦֻҪУ
ǡ½Ȼ˵ʲôŹȴٴЦˣңǲΧסң
˵仰ͬʱŹ£ȴһ˿⣬Χɱôܿͻж߶ԷӴʿȺĽӽһСĿʿȺŷȺ˭ͻڣ
Źһţ½ȣڽ׹޷ıŹֵ󣬸£ȴҲһ˿֮⣡
Ź֣𺳣Ĳ˵һ֮ǿʿȺΧɱɫ䣬ֻһǣ˾
½ȣҲЦãȻ־ˣ½ĳҲһѣȻЩʿֻҪлᣬҾͻǵĶǰ֪֣


228 ӲԪӤµһˣ
ڣȻѾҪӲһȺҪΧɱʿŹȻҲɵɵȵ޳ʱȥɱޡ
ȥһʿȺ½ˣٴһâֱӾͳתƿռ䣬ʼ̽ҡ
תƿռ䣬ֵֻжʮող쾳ʱ̽ķΧֻзԲǧס
ڣֵҲﵽһΪֲĳ̶ȣзԲ
ռЧֵܸ̽ӵߵ٣ʵޱȣ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ź־׼ʮ⣬һȺԼʮڼĸ߶ֱֵתŭ֮߷Ȼ֮ꡣ

һȺʿɢżһ
һȺ壬ʮʮˣӵи֮вóֻҪ޳֣ͻⲿȻٶȴݸʿȺһʿȺҲʮҡ
𽥷ɢ鲼֮صʿһʿһ˿âħҳô
Ҳ󲿷ʿҲȫͬĿʱһͻĴȴֱӾʹӶգۼͰѷԲ֮أһ룬жʮʿС
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ϯ֮ƣȴѸֻ̼䣬û˽ųɵʿֻһˣǱӳȺ
ˣȴǸĹ֮ٶϣǿֲ
ˣȻҳ֣һ˿һ˿ϲʿ̾ٶȣ򱱲ݣסֻҪȺеʿסԷƬ̣Ǿˣ
ϲ֮£ʿ£ȴҲһ˿ɻôһγֵȺȻһ˿߲ɫ
ɲΣһ˿ɻ󣬺ܿͱѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬͸֮ǰɢϢ
ħˣ

ҲҪҶһϹҲͬʱȺڣȫڵʿֱӾһˣһͬʱеʿ˿˿ͣأȻ֪Ի󣬶ҲûãȫͣڵϣȻһϷֻҪ˵Ĺȫһô˵ܿƿħĴȺ
Ҳмɣһɢɳ֮Ĳ
ǰûκϵбħеʿУ⹥ʹúܶ˵˷ѵˣŻöԷŵóѣڣǾٸħ˿ᣡ
ò˵Ҳֻ˲䣬ʿķǰͻȻһԺиһ˿ǿҵѣС
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⡭
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ʿľɣȴһȫ߲ʹĹɱǵһ㣬Ͷ£ЩȻֲû˺һ˵ķ˾ǣһδ󷨹ǴԵѣУȻԽԽңǿܵĵز
ڣһʿſ֮ʱǰһֱӾͷԼһѧӤ
һ̣ʿԪ׹ֻػþһͨĹɱֱӾȡΪԪڣ˲䳷ֵϡ
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һζŹȡһڷȫǵֻ֮³ÿһͼŴֻ֮ԣʮһ𣬷ʱȻʿֱ׹ֻأȴԼ̶ȵĸ˵
һβУΣβУĴΣΡ߰˴ۻһ˿˿ֻ֮۳ţֱӾͻԣֻ֮
ֻֻ֮ǻþ֮ҲΪֲһ룬һʿԪϷԼζ޷ʹԪ͸ô壬ȻҲǱʶϵԪ͸
ʿûԪ͸Ǻͨ죡
ԣԴӵһʿ׹ֻػþ֮ʮʿ׷׹˻У̾ͱһֻ̺֮ͨһһĨɱ
ͷβҲһգ۹ʮʿȫɱսǲٿȺĶŹ֣Ҳ͵һݺݵıЩĿֲһѣ
ڣϲǣͻȻֻ֣Ҫʿķ֣Ȼסֻ֮ôͻὥֻ֮жϷ֮ϵ
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ֻ֮һδεĹɱѻ֮£ЩҲһֻػþȻ޷ڱ˲ٿء
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ֻ֮Ȼʹֻ֮ȫ֮󣬶Źˣ೹׼ֲΪܣһ˲䣬͸ıµ⡣
ԭȻ׼ڱһʿȺϵ֮ǰݵģڵȴǼæٿطٿشȺӲűȥ
Ҫ棬Щʿһ̶ѪȵĽѵ

죡Ǹһǰ棡
ͬһʱ䣬ٶʿȺ壬ȫͨ˫ֱֱۣٶȣϷħˣ
ԷȻĸ
һ£ǸļһһΪĵΪۣ
ʮӵи֮ʿԿסֻҪǸȥ

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ף
һǿֲȺǰ·֮ʿʱ󾪣ôԷܸϹ
Σһ̣һ֣˷ܵĽе׼
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䡫
ҲֻһӴȺǰĴڴ˺£Ⱥǰеͱ˺ƬеķסͦݻһƬƬ
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ܿͱȺԴݿƣͦĴȺô϶Ѿݻһ֮£ǷֻҪƳǾͶԴȺˣЩݻٵģֻɵ
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ʱɢſֲȻ׷۳һ򷨱
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һ·ٶһ·˺˽﷽ԲȺ˾޴ƣֱӾеʿȫ˷ܵĻȸԾ
ôֻһһ֮£ħĴȺͱݻһ룡
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﷽ԲѾڷļˣ·ٶһЩﷶΧҲѾǵļˣΪԽټƵ֮ͨЩʧȥ˵ϵܳ˺ѣѾֻǰĹά
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һ̣ǰ߲ȺѾǼ򵥵һӴޱȵĻĹ
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Ⱥƶٶȣ˿ΪƶʮŷŹִϡ

һ޴ĺХޱߵĴȺһֲƶĹ˲ͰѶٶʿȺУڡ

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ҲǰᣬǾԿɱĵˣһǸֵĵˣܼιԷ˿ˣֻԼɥôˣ̲ס֣ǣֻҪһУҪʱֻ֮ܵĸš
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һƥӴƥľ޽Ʋɵ֮ƣһе赲ߣħһ̣ѾҴʿУ̵جΣ

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⣬ֱӾõŶӵʿȺȫ˲ļ١
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ҲڷУͻȻ˶ȫ࿴ȥֻ෺һʮʿȺ壬ٴ˴󼱣ȥˣԽԽˣħǽħԪģҲˣ
ǱҪУ
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һʿڷһӴ֮ͬҲȫ׷׼ӿٶȣΨֵ¸ϵԺëûˡ
ڴʿȺУȴмˣԶһۣڷУ˱˴ǣŹ֣ϣӵ˰ɣ˵ʿȺΧסģıΧסĶݹ⣬½£һ̲סŨŨĵǡ
Ҳʱһ֮ʵĽȴֱӾʹǰңԶ֮أ͸ߴ
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յĴУмӵŨϢȴˣ͵һͣ󣬵˸ǰֻһǱޱȵӰڽŹߣԿŵٶȣ˷ݡ
ৣ
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һĿ˼һը죬ܿʹǰ֣˲ϢִϿգһ̣ܶ˶ϳˣ˼ԺʵһһŶӵΪʿǴʱʿȴһŵ˼ľ;⡣
һΰһʿһΣѸޱȵӹ߿գź󷽣ȥ
˹һĻȴʹ˳ǰеٶʿȫˡ
Ҳֻ󲻾ãз֣͵ָǰħħôһź͵ڶأأ
Ҳʿָ˶ǰޱߵ£һޱߵ߲ƣԿֲٶȣƽ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ʿ£ɶֹðһһź͵ڶţٶʿѵȫɱˣ
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ֻһ˲䣬еķڳӴȺһ̣ĩյķ籩һ㣬ݺݵĴһɱ֮˺һС

ѵĺ䶯УȺû˿ֵ֮ͱ˺飬һ
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һޱȱ紵еʿһ̣ȫ˲䣬ɭɭ⣬û
ʿղŵһΪʿľڳ׻һУ֮ȴǸľֺ;
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230 һս
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ڡ

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һƽǰİʿнˣ븹С
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ĴϣоŵɷųӰɵɵķ
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찡һٽᵤʿвٸߣǣڸղ޾߲£֧˶ã
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׷ɣڳɱ¾˽һСʱֻشȺĿĹЧ£һʿ֯ħŶӣȫǲһЦһ㣬ֱ
ǧʿڿֲĴȺ֮£ĨɱڵЩܴħӵʿֻҪһħ֮߿ȫǵŵĻɢݡ
ٲһ˿׳־

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ʱ½ȣҲĵĹͻȣԪ𰡣Ǵû뵽ҺһԪ׽ʱ
Ҫ֪ÿһԪ𣬶ǳи֮ˣĵ㲦ʿԶԷİҲǼģԲǼɣЩɢԪ𣬶޿ĽĶ󣬿ʿлһԪһ棿
Ҳڼȫм֮ʣŹȴֱˣԪԼʲôԪӤˣһղһУǺᡣ
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һĻȴٴöŹȻ

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һ֮ǿƶԿǧʿ󷴶ɱĹǧʿ޼ѵģҲڸԵĵף˲ĥĿ־ӡ
£һͷԪӤڣ
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ԪӤڣʿǳ˾η;֮⣬ʹ
κһԪӤڣԪӤʿһĴڣɲģȴ½ԪӤ棬Ȼɱ
һһսߣ¾ǧʿĽ֣ȴһսߵʿȫǾŵĻɢ겻塣
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ħ
һԪӤڵԪ
һȽȽǣױȵɱ֮һӡһ㣬ӡʿ


231 ս޹
š֣ˣһѾɾˡսϣ½ĺʰǰħĴָԼɢķҲķ˺ð칦򣬲׵
⣬һ˾ֵĲƸڻɱĹУŹֵֻ֮ǧװһöָУڶʿǧöָװһָС
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Ǻǣ鷳½ˡŹȴЦչԷöָ޷ǰ½ˣŹȴٴεĿЦһ
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һսڳ½ˣѾûʿǼħԪһʱڸɱ˽ֻޣ˽ٸƷħԪǳ½޳ÿһΣһʱ䣬һܵõǧƷħԪ
⣬һ˵֡ʮƷħԪͿݽߵֻ֮˲ָ۷壬ǧٴλָĳ־սǴġ
Ź£ȴϣܵõһЩƷħԪƷħԪ⵹Ϊ˻ָˣǿǵԺܻص򣬿԰иƷħԪøԼ׽˷á
ħԪֻʿڶ󣬲ϸ򣬻ֻܿʿҲչǿر
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ЩŶӣһǳǧһļޣ¶ԷǷݣҲļѡ
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ֻشȺڵʿУѾ˿ԪӤڵʵԼȴʮԪӤԪǵжԶӶԶ
ĴȺȻֲǰж٣ٷһɱֻܴݻٰȺͻʧȥ֮ϵȥ޵УֻҪ˴ǰҲҪֻ̫࣬Ҫʿֳǰлͻᱻ˲Ĩɱ
Щ׼ΧɱʿֻǱɱ˵ӣҲûлǰŻԵòһ
ԪӤھͲͬˣԪ磬һʩչҲʿ࣬γһ﷽ԲԪشǻԪ磬ǾܱĻ硣
ǧҪΪԪ磬ֻ﷽ԲʵԪڣǾһ޾硣гǧʿ˷һɱЩһ磬һƲ˿ˡԣԪڣԪӤʿ顣
ֻҪᵤʿУڶԷһ֮䡣
ҲΪʲôԪӤµʿԪӤ˾ηͿֻţҪԿԪӤڣֻǸ磬һ޵磬Ԫ֮⣬û˿
һ򣬶Ըʿޣȷ׺쳣һսﲻǳǧʿޣ˷Ĺ˵ԪӤ⣬ĶֱӺԡ
˼һк󣬶ŹЩƣȴҲ޿κΡ
Ҳ˼ã͵ȻʧЦԼʵ̫̰ˣܵõǧƷħԪʲôģ
ʧЦҡҡͷŹֲƽ飬վɱһޡ
ͬʱȡûװǧĴָ½ˣǧûãҲȷһˣܲٿǧôԼʦţǰʿģҲ㹻Ʒʹˣ˵ǹǧָУиķϾսʿһûʱǰҲȡѡ
ԣžû͸½ˣϾһֱദĲһٶٴ½ˣֱӾ͸ж˵ˣƴ˼ΣŹּˣһһӹĵ£˶ԶŹֵ̬ת䣬һΣߵһ޷ݵĸ߶ȡ
ЩŹֲٴȡöװŴָĽָ½ȣ棬кصĶԴˣ½ȴһ岻ݴǵľģֱӾƴĿʼ
ǰȻǣһЩ֪ʶʹͼó۵ģչܿЩָкйص֪ʶƽ⿪ǿӣͺˡĬĬ˼һŹ÷漸˷ųһ弶󣬶ʱ׼ɱޣԴħԪԼѰơ

ȥʱ䣬½ͮξ׵ˣڶŹֵػ£ҹͣĿʼŹ֣ңתƿռ䣬ֻҪȺͻٸϹȥһһɱ
ȻɱޣħԪļЪһһչ֪ʶԭҺʼգܽᣬɡ
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ս޹
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һеһУں̵ܶʱڷƽʱȴԾЩ޷ܣս޹ڵһС
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Ȼڳƽ⿪󣬴Ӷ˳ŴС֮Ҳ棬ܻԪӤ棬ȴҲ˰գԿС飬ʱӦһԪӤ棬Ȼ治óȻڣȴûһӣͿʮˡ
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ʱԽãܶԽȻЩһûжֵ˼ǸϿĺá
֮õĿסµĸ˼Ź־ƽŽŲһƽȵһȥ

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֮յһֱӾͱ˲䶳ѣͬʱս޹ڣҲһ˿
һսһɹ
Ź£Ҳֱһ˿Ӧ֮ģһڤİɱ֮


235 
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ϵߣϢȴֱӾôڣʮԪӤڡϹ֣˲ٴȻ
ǸСļһȻսɹ˵һ⡭
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ڣȻսɹ
Ľ棬һ㵡
֮󣬴ڼǿߣ޵Ŀһв˵Ҳ
˵һȴûΪܼȥҪ֪ŻÿһϣǼΪֲģһ͵ڶҲͬն
ǿһҲǼˣʱҲ֪˹ŻֻҪҳ
ڶܽӵĹһֹˣҲһЩ̣ʲôһʦϣ¿ԪӤڵȫһ

Ҳȷֱڣû뵽Źе֮ĶΪԪӤʿҲ޷ʹùģ˵ʦǰˡ

ͬʱʮźڣһĺߣҲһĪղŹŹֵһЦȻ˽һǿײĽµھŻõսޱôǺǣ֪ҲѾˣֻҪһ
Ц⣬Īȴٴν˵УʱΪµڰ˻ĵĹѾȫָӭӹŻҪȴ̬״̬
ԣĪջҪ̬״̬

һУΪĸŹȴ˿֪ʱȴֻϲ쳣Ķǰı֮ĺǸ󣬰ɣ
¹һȻֻ˵İɵ˵ƺĿԣȫŻ
ǿаϲŹٴη׼ܵڶ

ҲͬʱһԶȸղҪǿĶĽ⣬һδŻصƣϿֱ˶£

һսڶɹ
Ҳڵ⣬һԪӤ棬Ϲ֣ȫĶһŶԷ߳Ȼ׼ʱһϤȴһΣȫ͵һ󣬾ͳ״ԭء
ڶ
ڶҲɹˣ
ǣôܣ
ֻһʦ϶Ѱ
һεľûг׳ս޹ڣǵϵٴ
һսɹ

⡭Ҳɹˣ
һûͣЪѺ׵ѣҲЩѶȰ
Ǹһϵʲô

޴ľУֱӾмԪӤ棬Ҳ޷ѹµ𾪣׷׿ڡ
ȵǿײˣȻû˵ʲôȴҲȫһƬڵľ֮ɫ
һʦϣȻʮԪӤ桢е𾪺Ͳ˼飬Ǵȥ»ûţʵȴڷ
Ҳʱȴ
һսĻɹ


Ҳֻһ˲䣬ֱӾмԪӤǰʿеһѣĻĻԺûԪӤڵʵ붼Ҫ룬棬ȴֻһʦ
ǰ򶨵ǿײʱҲȫɵۣȫһĿɿڴĶһţڷһжġ

ʮźڵϢĪգȴҲֱֱ֮ɫ򹥻ÿһҪԪӤʿٹҲûղͣЪĽĻ
ǰĻߵ̬״̬Ҫ󲢲ߣҲҪһʱ䣬ħԪָĵԪ֮ȵȰ
ǣһôô죿
ҲĪɫʧ֮ʣǵϤȴٴη
һսɹ
ȫϵĵһǿĪգʱҲΪ仰׽ӣ΢΢ſͣ𾪡

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Īֱһ˫ֱһ˿޷ѹֵľ͵ؾʹԭվžֱֱһŷ
ôܣͣЪսȫɹײǿǾ⵽ô£
Ҳ޷ѹµľĪ̷֣Լǽѷ״̬̬ȫΪһױˡ
̬ҪȥսھŻǸ
ȵУĪֱӾͷ߳˵ʮźŷȴֱӾͿ˴ڣһȫۼһŷʮԪӤ档
ʱˣȴҲȫһĿ࣬վ޷˵
Ҵһ֮ĪȴӾķ֣ǿײȻҲȫǾ֮һֻ˵һŷڣ
ǣˣ˭˿ֲʵ
֣֣Ȼ³ɻ󣬿ĪջǼæڣһڣλѣȻӵ˾˵ʵ
Īһ仰ֱӾΧһŷǰԪӤȻһǿײ͵ת뿴󣬵ȿĪպŵĪ֣㡭
Ҳֻ˲䣬˾׹Īտ϶Ǳһŷڵˣû˽µھŻİգŲòġ
֮ǿǿѹеľͲ˼飬ڵһŷڣһʦ
Ҳֻһ仰ԭɻĪգֱӾɵˣ
ʦⲻܣֱϣ͸޷𰸣ǿȫͷĪճˡ
ʦһ϶ѣȻܲͣЪ
⣬̫˼ˣһʱ䣬ĪնǲײˣɵˣǹŻʦôܺͣЪĽ
бܷӵ͹֮رҲܽӵЩǣرԪӤʿҲ޷úãǴƤëһʦϰʿôƿصˣ

һս߻ɹ
һƬУٴγ֣ʱٴһӣɵɵĿһŷ
߻ֳɹˣ
ʦһʦôֲ˼ĳ̶ȣ
ò˵žĴУȴһΣ֡
һսڰ˻ɹ

ʿĪգʱһŷɫҲ治֪Ǻˡ

һսھŻɹ
Ҳһķս޹ڣʿһεľУȫɫһ䣬ȴֻЩɵɵĿһŷ
֪ηӦ
ɹˣǸͻȻðļһȻû˿ͣЪһй⣬ǻþôӦǻþɡȻͲܷ


236 
ŹȴܣԼΪһԪӤڡ棬˶ôӴ𺳣ֻñĽµھŻ󣬾ͼæĲƬһڣҲȻһռεͻأĶһͨīڣ߳߿Ĺʯ
սޱ
ǸֻҪӵ㹻ħԪͿ졢ԪӤǿߵĳǽڵڵΨһԿף
Ҳսޱֵһ̣ŹֱӾһѽӹȻĴðһźɫ𣬶󣬾Ϳʼ
ҲսޱĹУһ
ǷҪͳս޹
Źֲûֱӻش𣬶ǼֱװսޱƳı֮͵𷨱󣬾ͻӦǡ

ҲͬʱһȵĿռֱ෺

ҲŶŹֵ뿪һⲿĵֱ֮Ӿɢ৵һ֮󣬿յһŷ̾ͳʮڷԪӤڡ¡
ˣǸ
ˣ¾Żսޱ
ãսޱˣ

ԭžĴڣҲֻ˭ͻȻ˵һˣ͵ľѣ˶ɫ䣡
ǸͻȻðļһȻŵĽ˹ŻȻȡսޱ
Ľȴ˶޷ܡ
ɫУֲ֪˭ͻȻ͵Ǹˣ᲻ʥǿߣǰֻʵʥڣܣɵĽ¹Ż
Ż̺ĸı֮ǶɽڣʥǿߵֶΣͬȼ֣²ǸͲɵĽȫ
ղˣʥڸֵĻֻ㡭
Ļ̾˶ֳĬֻҲֻƬ̣ͻȻ˵ܵģʥڣǰҲðʥǿߣô̵
Ҳһ仰еԪӤ棬ȫ˵ڵԪӤʿ⼸ˣȴڲǰڷ̶Źֲ֪νȵȵġ
Ҳ˵עӣ⼸ԪӤϹ֣̾ͲҰЦڮٳһʥⲻô
ҲΪˣ󲿷˵ɫ͵رüᶨȻղ⼸һڳ֮󣬶ûһ£ֻ˵˲ʥڡԪӤڵðʥڣͺͽᵤðԪӤһð߸ƽ¡
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Ȼǰһֱĳ룬ΪЩͲܷڣʿĵ£͵ؾһͬͷĲƬ
ҲֻеĲƬſöԷ¹Ż
Ҳͷ𣬰Īաǿײڣʿ£͵һ޷ѹƵĿȡ
ĲƬãɲֹһĹͷԪӤʿĵ͹򣬴Ӷܸ׵ģɽڻʥڣ
ڣõĲƬȥ߷һ˷ѣͺñԪ磬ԪӤʿֻҪеĲƬͿмʣԪӤʿߵĽ׶ΡĲƬԪ磬ҲмĲͬԪ粽ԪӤڣôʿΪֹֻԪӤǰڣұȻúԪһԪ硣
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һĲƬʿȺͼ֮࣬ȴͻȻ£͵ؾһɷıͶʼ֮顣
ǿǵĲƬǸļһôЩԪӤ棬һ۰һرҲֻܻһ¶ѡ
Σ¶ԶŹеĵĲƬȣٶʼɣҲֻܸɵۣԷֹӵһĲƬõĲƬڵ⣬ֻ˵ԷѾǿߣΪֻӵԪ磬ܽӴõĵ
ʱǰӦԷֻǴʦڵʵֱӾͱ˷ˣԷһӵóƭˡֻǴʦϡ
һڣӵĲƬֱʱ۰ԪӤڵ
ĪգʱټˣҲûһգʤԷ͸˵ˣǣеĲƬѾľһ㣬˭ܱ֤˵˴˿̣ҲѾõսޱܽս޹ֻ˵ԷһǧƷħԪһֻʹǾһԪӤڵǿڡ
⣬ȴһԪӤϹ֣ǸͻȻðļһʼɵķּɵ
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ڣĲƬսޱǸһǴĳģļУһԪӤڡ棬ŷ׷뿪ս޹
֮ǰ£˼飬һǺǸͻȻðĳйء


ҲԪӤڡ뿪ս޹֮ʣǳ½ĳԭƽĿռ䣬͵ĵһ˿һӰҲֱӾʹӵ䡣
ĵһʱ䣬ŹԣҲʼ˿ٵ˼һô죬ôԪӤڡϹ֣սޱЩ˻ô
ڶԷ᲻׷ȻǰᣬҲ֪ϾȻԼܽ¹ŻǲΣӦûЩ˸еɵ
ϾŻǵھŻǿĨɱԪӤ۷ʿģȻԼԽ£ǾκԪӤʿеɵֻҪԷԼʵ;Բ
ԣ˼󣬶ŹҲ̵ó˽ֻۣҪ˷Լʵʱȫġ
⣬㹻ˣ
ֻҪʱİȫͿսޱԪӤʿһʱʵֻԽԽǿİȫҲԽԽбֱ֤ڵ
һУŹˣ͵и
󣬾ͿʼܣҲһ˲䣬̷ˣܵͣܵͣ
ģȻֱӰҴ͵ģ΢΢Ȼһ£Ź£Ҳַһģոյִһŵ㣬Ҳһ˽úĸŮõǸС顣
ȻڵʱѾ֪ǸСӵмܣȴҲû뵽̺ܣȻֲ˳̶ȡ
ǿһĲƬ
˵ûС飬ûĵĲƬս޹õսޱһսޱЩԪӤʿУȶԷڵڵԺϣڣ鿴﾿ûлصô
ܣ
ԪӤʿôһΪʿڵ
˵ҲֱʱŹֲ͵ķ֣ĸŮоǰһæţŹȴֺյķ֣ԼرǵģʵЩֵһᡣ
٣Ȼֵģǻȥһǡһ˼󣬶ŹֱӾӦʼ̽λĵһ


237 伮
Խ¶ǡ
ֻһ߾ǳأֵᣬԼв֣ȴҲȫ޽ĿǣһƬƬסլгһһķУ̡
Ҵһۣ;Դеķߡ
ò˵һʱڣ¶ǣȴͻȻͽĽֵϣʼУҲǹŴ󼪡
ڣҲĵһɱɭ֮
ͨˣûһ֪ʲô£ֻ֪԰ǰ¶塣
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⣬þǷӳٶţҲܲ¶²Ҫг·ˣԺܶˣǱղ޶֮֡
Ҳ£һӰȴӳ⣬Ӱһȥȷܻǣٶȣȴһǧףֻһգۣͳû˳ǳڡ
ҲһǣŹֱӾ͸о¶ڵĹգ⣬̾ɫһݣֱֱŽҸȥ
ܿ죬ȵִｭҴլʱϢһ̽飬ŹֶٷһЩ˼ңϻǺϴȥʱһֻΧɭѡ
ֻ˵ҵȷˣƺûзչɾҩĵز
΢΢˼һŹֱӾϢĵִ˽ڣ븮Ժ󣬶ŹֱָӵִһƫݸղŵĸӦþ⴦ƫڣڣΪԵߡ

ƫڡ
ãӰλһĿϵӣ¶ҵΣΣҲǽõĸס
һΪﵽ˺أֻһζ򣬾ܲ쾳磬ȴ̸ףֻǺأ¶Ҳһĸ֡
˽Σڻͷ׵ߣǽϡ֮⣬ֻʣ½öĩϯ
Σһô죿ľҺҵĹƣִˡȥ²ҲŲ˶ˡҴϣھƬ̺ͻȻڣɨһϯĩĽá
ʵʵ˵ֱڣ϶ЩǽңôͻȻһѧ伮һֵ˷ر
ǵģһͻȻǷڵĳ伮ΪĿǰ
ʱڷǱֻǴɻȥѯʽãҲСŮѺ󣬸һ˿ȣûİ˺ʲôġ
ڵõǱҲĪΪԺʱûɾ©ģϸۿϵʱǿ
˵ǲǿݣҪ˵ǵ伮ϼصʽͨ׶ҲΪòûŪǱ伮ЧΪֻͨ伮Ҳûַ˷С
󣬵ǿʼָʱԭ̵ģǽҹ˭֪ȴͻȻǱ伮ңȫˡ
Сֻһ£ʹﵽֻһܲľ磬ٶȣȴʵ̫š
ֱӾý£ȫĿ࣬ѯʱ˵ǱȽ˿ʼоǱ伮ʱźȻ֣ǹЧʣԶҵܵʮֹ
⣬һ˴Ĳ֪룬ʼ׷ܵȴӲû֪ǵ伮Ǵðġ
׷ҲֻǺܶʱ󣬾ͱֹͣ󣬽θ˿йܵĴڡ
ʱȴѾˡ
ڽеľҡ֮ˣҲѵ֪ϢϾǵٶȣʵ̫ˡ벻˻ɶѡ
¶ľҡңֱӾͿʼ򽭼ҷѣҪƽҽ伮ɽңȻ׾ͷ¶ǣͱɭʱĦ
ʵҲֵ֣ľͬһǵĴ壬˴ڶԷڲһЩߣģûУ²ǲŷˡ
ò˵ľҺңȵƣĽˣЩͷ
ıʱҲɻ׷Ѱǵ伮ֻȴھԻܣҲǵʱòŰ˼ϵ˶ŹϣϾʶˣ²ҲֻжŹˡ
ҲΪˣʸ
ŴϵĻȴûлشֻǿ˽ã΢΢ŵã˵ǸȹĸŮĸˣ᲻ٳ֣
Ǹ⣬ǰҶǱ伮Ʋ͵飬ܵǸµģΨһǾǣԷΪʲôȥȴֿڽĸŮһ·ִｭңһ伮ˡ
Ҫ֪Է˽ĸŮѾĶˣΪʲôҪⱾ伮ΪһֵӣͷȻҲйȴܿͱųˣӣȻأȴֻһѰȻǱΪʲôƽʯأ֮󣬻ûѰң
Ȼ벻ͨɴ棬ǿԿԷƺǱȽϿؽúǵģǶԷ֣ôĶԷ书ǻǣðľҺҵ̲ˣʱĿǰҵ֣Ȼֵһˡ
ݽõԷܾһǿߣǾǿ۰һĳﻹľҺҷ
Է֣Ҿ鷳ˡȻǿӦԹľҺҵıȣȴҲֹľҺҰϢɢȥʱһص䣬ǡ
ҲŽεĻλҳϣҲÿȥ˵עӣȴҲ֪λشô֪Źֻ᲻֣
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һк󣬶Źſ¶һЩϢĵ£ȴЩңҿԼγֵĵطģﲻԶ¶˳·һ
ȻĵȽٳ£²ԼҪھεˡ


238 ־ѹ
ˣ㣿ҲڶŹֵЦУֱһĵл˴Ǳ伮
һᴦġŹٴЦЦһԥóһƿҩãЩš
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ҲŶŹֵĻμˣȷǰͻȻֵӣǵ½ĸŮҲܾܿͽǱ伮ĸˣһʱ䣬ɫĿŹ֣ζлСŮ֮С
Ҳʱ⣬ȴͻȻһŲһ̾ǰȶԷһɨŹʱȴ͵һżæΣףľҼҼǶҪס
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˵עӣŹȴЦЦŵȳȥӦǣҵ¾
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ǰʵ֣ڣȴ׾ٵģϾϿӵһǧƷħԪġ
ȻЩħԪ׼ģǼҲ޷ʵ֣Ͼϻûнᵤ޵꣬ǸҪȥһǰɱޡΪǳ½ֻһޡ
ȻҲͲ˷ѼƷħԪˡ
ǡҲŶŹֵĻò͵һ漴һ˿ߺ죬ԭԼˡȥҲ̴ƿҩֻһ˲䣬һɵֱӾʹƿзȻܵȴ˵һ֮󣬽þȻķԼ˺ǿҵѣУҪֱӱѬιȥ
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ŶŹת̤һϸ꣬տʼ䡣

ңԺǰ
ʱĴڣȴˣλǽΣϣڽվ࣬ӡ
ľǿߡ
֣ұͬ¶οҪֳǰ־ôֻҪְǱ伮СһۣӴԺľңٲ뽭ΪУ֪Σ࣬һӣһƬĬУȴһЦŽε
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ԣľ֮Щӣ壬أҺľҲˣֻǽִԲǡҲΪһ꣬ȴҲЦſڣȴͱˣҼųȻųΪֻкأʵȴ˿
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ϾŹлһ½ãǸСĶݣԲŻ˼ô顣
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󡭡ˡһƬУȴڶϣ󣬵׹ʲôºȴҲǼЩӯֱӾЩĶŶŹֱֱ֣ȥ
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δľųˣŹȴ˿ֻýԼᣬҲǵʱβľսսĵȴУ˴ֶΣŹֵϣβûնɱľˣѡձࡣ
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䵥Ѫɷޣǵʵ̫ˣ
죬ôʿŲ˼ιһҪ죡
ѪɷޣƷħԪ

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ٴιΨһãֻӴޣ͵شһãһӣһȦ

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Ĳ˵ڵĲ֮أȾҪȹȥС
ǰڶսŴȺΧɱǧʿʱ˺ڣҲѡʹһЩʿԪҲֵ֣Ͼֻ߼ʿ꣬Ÿ˽һһС
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һʿǵս޹ڵһԪӤǿߣǶ֮أŶŹֳ֡
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ΪԪӤڣҲ֪һЩĲƬڹɱ棬һĵĲƬҲǷһʮιԷս޹Ѿ˾ŴΣʣµģҲɱ˾ˣȴʮ˵ġ
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ֻΪԷԶԿʱ˳ģȻԪ磬򵥵ģø塭ǸˣҲĵȷȷǳս޹ڵʿ
ǣӦڲŶԵİ
ڣǴʦǣôܣ
Ȼڵֵʱ˳ʱҲû˿ԪϢйͲڣ

֮һȴȫ׷ɫ䣬ǰһֱΪŹʱڣֻǿŹƭһΣڶԷֵŻ󣬾ѾһӡУΪֻڻԪӤڣõĲƬ
ڵһĻȴ״˵֪ԷȻڶԿʱ˳ʱû˿ԪϢй¶ܣ
Ҫ֪óĹһսУԵĻʱ˳ֲǾͲöԷȥĪҲ
Էȴû˿ԪϢҲûе͹ֻ˵ڣһʵʵڵĴʦ
֪Щ˲ܲеԵ𾪡
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ɲΣһƬУײȴͻȻ¶âĵǴʦ˵ǻл᣿ֻҪĵеĲƬٻɱͱ練ˣʱսޱ
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243 ˭˭ܺ
˲ܲΪںʹʦ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
򵥵˵ڳŹʱ˳ֻƾһγӯԪ֮ͿԣҪκģʦȴҪεĲ䡣
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ڣȴֻǴʦһʦϣʱ˳ҪĺħԪſԡ
һʦܴħԪϴܽս޹һǧħԪͼǰ۵ȫҵЩħԪĵģҪʩչĲƬܳŹȥ
ֻҪĲƬĵȶԷûǸɱﵣԪӤû˼ɵǶԸһʦֵ
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ڶԷǷսȥȡħԪҲ˼õսޱʱսѾȥһʱ䣬һ뿪ս޹ȥսޣ̶ʮʱ䣬ܴħԪҲ޵ġڣһħԪͼսޣǲֻð졣
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ò˵ΨһЩģϹˡ
üңԪӤϹֱӾ͵Ī֣ġ
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ĪյĻŶˣֱӵͷ
˴˶һۣȴǿ˱˴еĹŹ֣û뵽ڣԪӤǸӵеĲƬļһ֮ĽȻ˹ľ棬˭֧ܰŵĸã
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ǺǣһΣǼһԲ֧ŵĹֹŶˣԪӤ棬Ҳ׷׺ܿͻϣ¶һ˿ɣײЦ֮󣬿ڵҺ֣ȥ㣬ǰŻҵӵʱйصԪѡ
ԼǣֻҪס٣ˣɣǿҲ󣬼ΪЦ


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Ҫ߰ٶƷħԪܳŵȥǣټӴ󡭡
ȻµĲ֮ԽԽǿңȴû˿취ֻεĳܡ

ѾŵѣˣһĪȴЦſոʩչԪ֮棬Ͷʿ
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ǺǣãĪҲһЦٴһתһȥ


ּˣѾִʱıĳ̶ȣŹֵɫҲԽԽı٣ѾҪһǧƷħԪֵܵˡ
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΢΢һѣŹɫһתʼ˼취ļУԪͷҲǿԵֵʱ˳Ϯġ
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ûôסŹֱӾץһƿҩһŽһŵȥһȵˢԪٶȣ͵ҩֲٶȣҲν

ףôԪͷˣ֣ǴʦôôԪϢҲﵽ˽ᵤڣҲڶŹ滻ãһ࣬ոռеʿĪȴͻȻһüЩĵ
ҲĪյĻԪӤ棬׷׷̽󣬸ǴһǸһȻԪͷڶԿУǶԿʱ˳ԷᵤڵϢҲԵľ¶˳
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ȻðħԪȥսˣѾԪȥ֧ţֻҪǵȵҩľˣʱһǷʩչĲƬɣ
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һʤĵЦУӶ㷽ȴ͵ԳһʮӰһˬʵĴЦҲٴδǺãǾټӰѾѺѣԪ磬ҲʱµԪ磬ǻ٣Ӵ
ײǿһУҲ׷׵ִ˵
ԪӤ棬ٴδϲ
·׷ң֮ƣʵ̫ˣȫȥеĵĲƬͿ԰Ƶ·
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һΪǳԵĵ
Ȼô϶ŹûдҩҲΪǲû˵йħĴԡ
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һԪӤ棬һڴעŶŹֻ֣ʩչĲƬ
ǣֱһСʱ󣬿ɺͣЪĴӴָһƿƿҩԪӤ棬ǶЩȻ
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ֻ׼ԭ٣һʱĵҩҲҪŵҩһǸ̬Ȼô൤ҩ
ֱǳҩӡ

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İˣԴŹȴٴͳһȻ֪ҲһֻǷѶѡ
ѵҪˣ
ͷҲֻһ˲䣬ͱֱųΪŶ˽⣬ܿͷ֣ΪѾߵ˾ͷŻᷢ
һӣ꣬һСʱʮ꣡
һҲһƷҲֻһ鱦ʱ˳ŹֲͣЪĴ߶ֱʱ˳൱ڱʹʮꡣ
ڷԣǲʹãǾһֱţϼǧ꣬Ҳһƽ£ÿһʹãޣǳƷͣʹü꣬Ҳߵ˾ͷ
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ò˵׼滻ʱһϢȴֱӾ˳Ƿİݽ
ͬһʱ䣬ڲʦԺ󣬾Ҳûľ֮Ҳһ˿ƺ˻Ծơ
򣡣
һŹֵԺУȻһ⡣
ֻ֮֮ҪٻΨһİ취Ǹ򣬸һֻأӳֱȻɢһо
ʲôֻأ
ֻؾһȻɢĹ̡
һֻصĿʼһֻصĽ
Źֵе֮֮ΪһȻγֻ֮ȷûȥһһֻ֮һֱֹڴʦڡ
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ԹߵĽǶȣԷһҲǵֻػþʱһ̡СϣݵһӤϣӤһֻǰһֱΪṆ̀һĥѣһСģͻŶԷʧңԲźе塣
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Ҳµ򣬶Źֵֵ͵ľͿʼֱӾʹ133.1134󣬲ֿʼ˻Ծ
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ҲȫȥһֻлĻʱǼҲڳɢ⣬һŷͬʱŹֵ⣬Ҳһ߲ϼ⣬ΪֻľԷľΪֵʱϮ
ֱ󣬳׸ɢŹ͵һæȡһĵԪȥʱ˳
һУͷۿԼǰֵʱŷֵѾ137ĳ̶ȡ
ԭˣҪϵظȻֻأܼ硣֮󣬶Ź£ȴͻȻ˹С
һֻأһҲþ²Уڣʱ˳£ȴֻһСʱ
ô룬÷죬ֻΪͻȻ֣ڰһԪӤ棬Ȼڲ֪䣬һæ
Ǳֲ֪֪ἤʲôıʡ
ʱ䣬Ź־һֱٿصķһߵʱ˳Ϯһ߳ȥÿһֻء
һСʱҪһƷĸҲһֱСʱ򣬶ŹֵֵҲ157ĳ̶ȣ𽥱ƽʦڡ

Сʱˡ
һԪӤ棬ȫЩȻĿǰˣһֱͣЪԵҩСʱȻû˿ͣЪ
⣬ȴٴȻˡ
СʱǿǺüԽᵤʿõĻָԵҩһﾹȻôࣿûһ˿ݽߵƣ
Сʱ൱ٵһˡ
һĸô൤ҩ
ȥȻУ

һƬУԪӤʿŹڷλɫЩ
ò˵ҲˣʱȴǷ׷ǾʩչԪ֮ʱٵԪӤ档˵ĵҩʱǵԪ֮ȴҲԿֲٶš
ʮӣͻǳӯԪ֮һգһСʱĴΣСʱǶʮΡ
ָݽߵԪ֮ҲҪʹħԪģǣһγԪ֮ħԪָҲǼΪֲģָһοݽߵԪ֮ҪһٶƷħԪ
ΪĲ
ͨʿƷݽһΣֻҪһƷħԪָܻŹֵƷݽһΣȴҪʮƷħԪָܻΪƷʣҪƷʸߵĶࡣҲȻͬĸƷ֧ŵʱ䣬ҲԶƷҪĶࡣ
Ԫ磬ϣȴ˸ķԽĵƷҲ˺ö౶
һһٸʮΣǧƷħԪԪӤ洢طôٶȣҲʵü۲ѡ
ļһôô൤ҩ
ֱǱ̬ҩͰ

УڼʱŵԪӤ棬ҲֻܼóħԪָһοݽߵĸ
ȷȻԪӤ棬Ҳ͸۲쵽ÿһСʱᱬһȻ滻ʱø壬⣬ȴûһ˿죬Ͼ̫ˣ滻Уûзֵøʲô
С˵ע⡣

ʮСʱ
ɲͣЪĳŵҩԪӤ棬񽥽ͱЩˡ
˵Ī֣ϵĵҩҲδ˰ɣⶼ˿ʮˡһԪӤɵĿŹֵķ
еˡĪҲЩȻʮСʱ٣Ѿ൱ٵˣûм٣ᱻǼһɳŹȥ
ϴʮĵҩʱޣŹһС룬ҾͲţһʮҩײȴҲȻ֮¶һ˿ɫ
ԣҲ쵽ļˣٵȵȡ

ʿɣһֱڷٵԪӤ棬ȴǸˣֹСʱһǧƷħԪ⣬ǧƷħԪѾǲһսȫ˰

ԪӤڵĺɺƽȻͬľǣʮСʱʮԼԼֻأֵҲȲ166ĳ̶ȣֻһܲʦڣ


246 ˱Ľ
۷壬ֻһܲڡֻǣƲ⣬ʮֻع̣Ӧͻϰˣ΢΢üͷŹȴֿʼ˼
Ҳ˼У͵ɫһ
һؼ⣬ǾЩ̺ķֻǰֻء
ֻأӦðӳֱһĲ裬ЩѲ֪ʿУʹöˡ
ҪֻصĿʼС֮󣬶ŹֵɫŽֱùŹ
ȻҪһʼֻسʼȥ򣬵ܲȥɣ
ǸУҪ֪һǳƷûм߸ʱʵָ֣ʱ䣬ʱ˳ȻȴǶк棬Ҳ޷ȥӿ̡
ǲеġ
ǻʲôֻصĳʼţŹͻȻǰһӴָУʼѰ
ֲҩ
ҩǴӿʼһֱ˥Ǿһֻء̣磬ҪľʱģһӾꡣ

ʲôֲҩݣ
ʲôЦѵĵҩˣ׼ֱֲһƵҩ
⣬Ҳδ̫˰ɣ

ڶŹȡһЩҩӣʼֲʱһΧ۵ԪӤ棬ȴ׷ױĿࡣ
ò˵ŹΪ˸еĪԼĵС
ȷʱ˳£ֲҩݾǿеģɳٶȣǼΪ˵ģǲҩֲԺҲҪƳɵҩа
ƵḶ́һ¯ԽᵤõĵҩҪʱ䣿ʱ䣬ɾҪʿʱˡ
Ͼʱ˳Ȼʱǧ򱶼٣ʱٶ࣬ûʿƣһʲôҩҲֻҩʱĿʧҲŸɾеҩЧ
˵ԷΪֱ̫ˡ
ΪƵҩٶȣܱȵĵٶȣ
ҲһЦԷ֮£ԪӤ棬ȴǸɫŹֵĿǰˣɵ˲ɣ
Ȼ޴İ취
ҿû̫൤ҩˣͶ·ĻС
ˣͻ֣ᷢһô޴ľʱͷʹõĲƬˡ
ϻʲôС

Ŀ֮˿Źֵɫһ˿
ǣҲûгֹԷֲҩ˼ȻѾƵ˾·˵ʱʹõĲƬʱ˭ɵȥ֪ԷѰ·£ȥˡ
Ҳ£ŹֱУһݣǿӣѿ
У΢߶ľ֮ʩһЩϸꡣ
ۡ
ϸĹȣǿӣ̾һǣ󣬾ԼΪֲٶȣʼ
ҲͬʱһµĴҲ͵ؾڶŹ·һֻصĿʼ
ܵһ˿¶Ź̾;ϲ񣬾
ҲֻƬ̣ԭһӣһѿͶٵĳɳ˳Ľ׶Σ֮󣬾˥ϡ
̣ҲֻһСʱңȴ൱缸꣬һӣӦе·̣ΪһƬݲݣر
Ҳ̺һ˲䣬Źԭﵽƿľ֮ȻͿʼһξҵĴƺʱͻƿʦڵļ
ò˵شκվûͻơ
һεĸ̺ȴ̫ˡ
ȻûͻƣŹȴҲ֪ԼҶ·ӣּ̾ղӣ¡
ǰֻ֮ӳڣֱ۷壬Ҳʮֻأڣֻؿʼ²ҲҪʮңŹ
ǣΪҪһֻأÿһΣֻܸһĵɳ˥ϡܳ׵ĸ͸еֻأ磬²ҪҪķʮʱ䣬
ΪŹֵĿ˿ңŹ£治֪ö԰ЩԪӤ˵ʲôˡ

ֹ֣һСʱµҩݣôȥƵҩ
Ѳ֪УΪʲô

ɻŶŹֵĶһԪӤͷð𣬿û֪ʲôϾЩˣҲƷԪ֪֮Ʒֻ֮
ô붼벻𰸣µ֣Ҳ͸ˡ
󣬿ŶŹֹּһСʱ滹Щơ
ҩӵĵҩҲֲ̫ˡ
Ҿ治ˣһֱȥ

ʮСʱ
ԪӤ棬ȴ΢΢ãǰЩڣǸ̬ٴŵҩȻ治ɫ
ŶԷһȻƽֲһҩݣȴÿÿҩݳʱҲȥȡֻ͵ľãƺǶԷϷˣǵֶΣһ뵽ԪӤµȴֱ
ȴ޿κΣֻܰڿ˼ȥЩˡô棬ôɣڻдʱأǾͲźĲ
ԪӤ棬ʱȴ۵ҽȥ˼ǧħԪãȻҲͲˣɿ˵״̬˭֪жٵҩ
ҲӦõļ˰̬

ʮСʱ
ɳͣĳŵҩĶŹ֣ԪӤ棬Щ΢ͷ̬̬ͣ
һﻹʿôȻʿ˭֪һ֮صĿֲǰȷ׼˵׼Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ѿȥ˶ʮСʱˣٲƬ̣ͽˣ൱ʱˣȻһ׼ô൤ҩǿǼʮŰ
ʱ˳˵ƣҲ𽥱ϡԪӤ棬еһ˿Եƣһε֮ƣ˶ˡ
ʣµʱ䣬ܺԷˣϾͷŵĲƬ˾ŴΣ⣬ơ
ȽĪաײ˵ƣһֱڴ߷Ԫ֮ʱٵԪӤ棬ʱȴֱ
һʮСʱǵħԪȴһ򰡡
ҲԪӤ֮գѹޱʱһ߽ʱеͻϢֱӾӶһȫճյ͸˶Ź֡
ͻƣ
ʲôЦûܰͻƵʦˣ
ʲô°

ǵһʱ䣬˶ԪӤڣҲ׷ܲסĳֱֱжѣơ
ʿܵӴѹԼвµģȷܻͻƿǣһɵĳŵڣйһΣգǾһֱڳҩѣôѹΣգ
⣬ôԵ޹ʵͻˣ
Ũƣһֱڼٵ棬ȴǰһڣ㱻ιȥħԪֹûǼһĵɽˮͻˣ
Ҳδ̫ˡ


247 㣬
ߣ
ӲĪճ֮ĵ͵ͿڣǷƵɨһڵķͷҲصģŶ֮طȥ
ȻôЩ޷ǰĺɵڣҲ޼ƿʩԷϵĵĲƬûһ˿ģô죿
ĪѣڡĿɲֹĪһײǿȣɫҲûһġ
ҪҲ̫˱ˡ
ҲһԪӤĿڣڷеĪյȣͻȻһͣ͵һЦһ㣬ȥҲ͹ȥˣڶڶ㣬ɲǿҩħԪǿսҩٶ࣬Σ
ҲĪյĻ˵ɫ͵ıöٺÿһЩǰһ㣬Ҫģʵ㣬ԶһΣա
ֻҪڶ㣬֮ѵȥʩչĲƬô
٣Ǿڶ̬
ҾͲţڶܲʹõĲƬǿɲֻҪгĵҩͿӦģ

ҲһԪӤ׷뿪һʱŹ࣬ǿ񱩵ʱ˳Ҳû
ڹȥˣͷ͵Ҳһʵĵҩڳô֮ҲҪĹˣȻûԪӤġæ²Ҫ̤ʦڣҪܳһʱУŹҲеĸܵһԪӤϹֵա
Ȼһ֮أǹȥˣ滹ж㡢㡭Ҳ֪յļһֻô
һ㣬ŹҲбڴôĵҩħԪ֮ߵڣʵڲ⣬ǺĶ㡢㣬Ĳ㣬Źֻ˿֪ˣΪǰʿûһִԺġ
ô죿ҩѾҪĸɾȻһǧħԪҵΪҲǺһϹ֣Ҳװ֡΢΢ü˼ôǣŹֶڽ㣬²ǾͻΣա
ΣգҲǷȥɰ
޷ڵû취Ѱһصĵ·Ѿ֪Լ뿪ˣϾǶαռѷɵ˭Ҳ֪˶ãٲҵȥķǿԺܻȥҲˡ
ĲƬֻ֮ȺһϸļһԼʵŹֲһɣĺܶʵûóΨһźľǣ֮أ޷սޡȻһ޷ãڶǲˣҲ֪ⷽ׼
ΣҲҪȥһԣĲƬоŴεĹʩչֻҪܳŹ㣬ǲУٷʵ˼գŹֱֻʼѰ֮ͨصĵ·
·ǺѰңֻҪܳŹһ죬Ϳʱ룬ڣ⻹һ˫ֻͨҪŹȥ֮ʿѡǽһ㣬Ƿڵǳ½
ȻѾ˾ŹҲԥľͲ˶㡣
Ҳһռ͵һᣬٴվʱͻȻ֣֮أԼССԪأŨ˷ָĵز
ĸԪأͶǳ½Ũ֮صʮҡ
Уƺһϸ꣬һȥɲ
ò˵ȴһصĵطΪһƬգ֮⾹ȻһصĻɫţǣһͨеˣֻͨǰ޷ͨҡ
ɸصǣҵĸһȥƺֻ⣬ȶŹַųȴȻ֣ȫʩչҲߡ
Ǽֱһޱ߿ռ䡭
Ƕ㣿
ܣŹȻ׼޷ս޵ǰս޴սޱȡ˳ʵҲûгԤϣսڸճһֱ̣һռʧ˵أǵִһͨ
⣬ֱӾöŹһ΢ʧ͸սޱջսޡ
ҲʱһصĲ͵ľǰʮⷺ󣬸֮صĻȫǷһֻۣ˲䣬ڵһ׸£ȼŻ塣
ǻˣ֮ȴ͵һȭΧؼ䣬ԭǱ鲼ŸԪ֮ģȴһȭ֮£ȫ޾һƺһ̣еԪأȫɢ
ܵĻ͵ɱ֮һ˿˿ˣֱӳŶŹӿȶȣȴǱȶŹֵĶҪֲ²Ѿ޽ӽԪӤڵ
ֱӾķ֣žžƺʱѵơ
ʲôô֮£Źתֻ֮⣬Ʒ壬һ𣬲͵Ľ˲
ȡϺתֻ֮ԷֹԷĻɱ
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һ֮£ֻҪ޷ֵֻ֮ôԷ壬ͻֱӱֻسһСݡһӤԪɴڣǿ󣬵ûڵԪ֧֣ȴҲֻ׸
ԶŹһ̣ҲоԵģܶԷʲôֻҪԪӤڣ
Ҳʱȴ͵طһ£ǾǣǰǸˣûֵ
ô£ûֵֻ̫ͼûֵǡ
ǰǸιôҲͨСݣʯһĵͼ
ҲɻУǰĹȴڶˣŹֵԤϣûֱԭ͵ɢ
ɢٴһɻ󣬶ŹͻȻͷԼĴһǿҵΣֱɫ΢䣬æǰ˶ܡ
ȴû뵽Ÿһȴ৵һðһȭͷ
ಡಣ
ǱޱȵĶŹֲźȻ֣ǸһƬܼĻԪ£ֱû뵽ܵķӦٿ죬ݣһƬ޾ĻԪУÿһǶԷ壬ҲǷ޿ɷ޿ɵ
ء
Ҳܣһ죬ֻȭͷֱӾͻ˶ŹּͷһɹɼֱӾ˳żͷӡ
ǡ
Ǽķ˲ͱһ˿˿˺ѣֻ֮壬²ֱӾͻ壬ŰɼˣҲֱӸоֻ֮һ֮£ͱ˲١
ÿֲĹȻ󾪣ŹֲżæȥңȴʲôҲֻ͵زһΣոУ

ɫУŹҲڻǸˣĸͲ壬Էûʵ壬û˼ֻɴĻ֮ɵĹ
ɸγɵĹڻԪޱŨĵشǽͲˡ
ܰеĻԪأȻ͸޷Էֻ֮˵ԪֻأҲöԷֻأûԪûĹ𵽵ãʵޣ
ֻǱֵѣ


248 һΰ
֮أȷǸһʱ˳Ҫصĵط
ֻһͨͨܶȹ㣬صĵطڣһʿͨʱǾһͨеڶʿ֣ͻֻڶͨܽˣͷֻٸȫһͨ
ҲֻгͨŻִ֮ͨ⣬Ѱҵǰĵ·
ò˵ͨȴյԪӤʿҲ޷Ӳֻܾ뿪
ΪͨڣӵеֻŨ˷ָĸԪأ֮ӦԪأγɻˣ֮Ӧ֮ԪأγɷˡһͨͰ䣬еƷԪأԼƷԪء
ԪÿһԪأһÿָԪֻһˣÿһˣԪ£ӵǿĿµûʵ壬û˼ֻͨڵиԪأܳЩˡ
ǣôܣ
Ԫأ
˵͹ԪҲǣ˵һ֮أʱôͨǿռ
ȥֻ׿ʵϾԪӤҷУҲɲߣΪûб߼ʣ̺ĸԪأ
ԾԪӤʿڲͨҲֻԪԣԪ磬ȥԿĸˣʹǵĻԪظ룬Ȼִ꣬뿪
ҲҪͨĳȣֱ̬ûб߼ʵĹȻҲǼҪԪӤʿղ߳չ뿪
ڶ֮ڣʲôԪӤʿҲ֪ͨڣ˸ָԪأʲôҲҲ֮ͨ⣬ҲֻͨĳڡԶһУԪӤУҲһա
Ҫ֪Ĳ֮أһдͨʿŲ򱦣Ĳ鱦ֻж㣬ʲô֪ҲʿԷȴʲôҲ£ΪЩˣƴĨɱһвڸԪصĶҲһǴָҲᱻЩĨɱ
ڣʲôҪˡ
վ֮ͨ⣬ͨǰˣһֱˣĪյȣȴ¶˵Цݡ
ǵģȻͨģҲǵ͹ĸ룬ȴԿõ·͸һ
ֻҪܸıܱصԪأ͸ܶù˵ĹӣǼһ鷳ˡϾһƬЦ⣬ײֱֱͨǱܵĶŹ֣ڲǳһ
һ֮أķħԪֻ˽ʦڵԪӤ棬ʱϲüɫģһڶʵǳĳ찡
ҲֻԪ磬γԼĸ磬Ԫغ͸ж٣ܵһΣһ벻õĲƬҲˣǿҲһЦԭΪֻҪ˺ôһڣܾɱˣȴû뵽һ㷴˳ưͿڣһҲȥˡ
ȷڵʩչĲƬ͹򣬶ʱھɱһԪأȻͲܹȥͨˡ
ͨĳȣ²ҪʩչεĲƬпꡣ

ֻиԪأܵס
ͨڣŹֲ֪ԼһУڱһȺԪӤΧۣڳ˻˶εĹ֮£Ҳ֪˸δ
󣬶ŹֱӾӲű˹Σ󼱼ó˷Ⱥ
ֻƬ̼䣬һ㱻ֵֻ֮ƣҲ̸ͨڡ
ȺڣȫɶŹԼʩֻ֮Ԫ֮ƾٿأԪأȻͿֻ֮ӲһлԪأ˳ȥ
Ҳֱʱ޿ײĻԪ˵Ĺ͵ĸȻֹ
ܶԷٳʱᱻеĶŹ֣ٿشȺԪֻ֮֮䡣

͵ĳһŹֱƶȺǰȥ

ۡ
󣿡
ôô̵ʱڣȺԪأЩ󻹻ƶ
һﵽʲô

Ҳͬʱ֮ͨ⣬žͳһڶԪӤ棬ֱӾȫ׷׵Բۣⲻ˼ĶͨڵȺֱǼĵһ
ģȴǺǰͨʿһξħʱı飬ͬ
ǣԪӤ濴˿ƶĴ󣬿ͨǰƽʱеɫȴ𽥱ø
ԭΪһʩչĲƬû뵽ԷϾȻ׵Ķһӣǰ޿ײĻˣ׾ʧȥУÿÿڴԵͱУͽȥ
󣬻󼫴
һζһۣԪӤ棬׷׶ӱ˴УƣŸһأھޱ
Ī֣ڡȻУһԪӤ棬ֱӾʹޱڷʡ
ô죿뿪㣿
磬ٺķһЩħԪͨĿռٱһЩҪ߳ʱ䣬ҲӴ˵ЩƶĴ󣬾ͳŲȥˡĬУһԪӤ棬ֱӿڡ
Ļȴûʲôͬһ֮صƺ˶һʵǾԶҪСһϾ˶ٶȻƵֻԼ
ҩܴϼʮ˭֪ЩܳãùӰһ¹ͨĳٱ䳤Ҳδܺ
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УĪȴͻȻ͵һۣ¶һ˿âӰͨ䳤ȥĴ󾿾ֶ֧ãδؿУǵùĸ˱ǿ
ĪյĻȴٴһ죬һΣײǿЩˡ
ЩˣʵǺǿֻΪڽıԪ£ԵرֲҪȽһǵʵЩҲֻǺ͸ոնĳʿʱһ
ԪӤ棬Ҳθܹ˵ʵһĪѣ̻򣬵ȷڸ֮ߵ·;Щ˶ԸãֻǺ͸ոնʿࡣ֮ԿֲֻΪһֱڱԪڣЩԪػŨĿ¡
׹֮һѵĪֿЩڸ֮ϣߵĸԶӳֲ
ټͨŨֲĸԪأ˵Է
Ҳ֪ԡ˵ѯĪͷͿʼѰͨγɵĹ
ѰãͨĳǽǰֹͣĪպԥľóһħԪʼǴȥ
ˣһֱĪ󣬾ӡ
ֱֱĪóһһ˵ħԪǴǽڣǽڣȴһ޵׶٣ԥ¡
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ֻһ˲䣬ͨһԪӤ棬ɫһֱͣӾв˵ͽ֮ģȻֻһγɻԪˣ
⣬涼Ŀ࣬Ҫ֪ǰǸˣڻ֮ĸϣֻǿȸոնʿڣʹﵽֻһԪĳ̶ȣ
Ĳ࣬Ҳʵ̫ˣ
ȴ֪ø˴Ӷֱߵɻ֮ģķĪƷħԪ
ħԪĸĪӵеĲǻԪ磬ֻҪһֱ͹γɣԷҲöԷ
ȻҲΪǰˣ˵ǰĸˣֻһֺеܣֻҪ㣬ܷӸò˵һγɸ֮ģԷʹӷ壬Ժ󣬲ӶħԪҲˣĿԽһֻܿµûֻˡ
֮ģԪӤʿԸĸܴﵽ۷״̬ҲÿһʦʿҪ߳һͱ統İᣬǸٶ֮ģȻֻһγٶԪ磬۷״̬ѾСΧڣʩչͬԪ
Ľ߰׷ԲʩȻֻһ׷Χһ磬Ҳ㹻ֲˣӵл֮ĵĸߣͿڰڣʩչֻԪӤʿ
Խ׵𣬶һвԪӤڵܳ׷ճɻҡ


249 ԭҺǰ
һӵл֮ĵĸˣټͨŨֲĻԪأƲĴҲߵ̫ɡ󲿷ʿľȲͬײʱǾǸĸˣһڴ
Ȼͨڸ˵ʵ࣬ɶԷȴڲٿŴȺܲãǲһ
ֵǺһ㣬ոնĸˣѾ֮ĵĸˣ֮仹һҪĲ𡣡ײĻĪȴͻȻһЦ̺⡣
ҲĻײǿһ࣬΢΢һ֮ŻȻ
ոնĸˣӵи֮ĵĸˣĲ𣬾ǰߣôÿһεĹǵһġ
һʿ˻֮ôֻһУĹЧŻᷢӵһֱˮУԷĸ֮ʲôá
Ϊʲôͨдĸˣÿһָ֮һˣֱڣȴֻڹɱˣֻΪ˵ﵽŻԪأǰӲΪЩԪصԼûĸǰ
һӵи֮ģڸ֮ϵΪѲǰǳ̺֮˿΢þԼ
һиˣ޾ˮԪУҲܷӼǿɱ
һ仰Щ˵ʵΪֻڸոնĽ׶Σôǵķֲû˼һ·̣ÿһΣֻҪһ˾Уǵʵӵи֮ģôͻд˲ηþԼȻΧɱ
һܲɱԷĴȺʮأٸأ
Щ˵ʹɱһвڸĶģ
׷׻֮ײǿڱ˴УԳһƬϲɰٳɰӵи֮ĵĸˣΧɱһ
ԷĴǿҲֵܵĹʱǲʹõĲƬҲˣ
ԭˣĪ֣ȥһ˵ʵϲ֮ײȴֱӾЦ
ȻҲ֪һ˵ʵҪĴħԪʮʿĻһûмʮħԪ
İͨеĸˣ֮ģҲ㹻ġ
ãĪȴƺڵײ仰̾Цŵͷ˵ʵԼһħԪĪմһӣħԪҲ򰡡

ҲĪյȣһǽʱͨڣŴסǰͦĶŹ֣ȴͻȻ͸ܵһɿֲѹ󣬾͵ط֣һɵĻɫˣһƬֲشⲿֱֱиĴȺ
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Ȼ˵ʵ֮󣬶ŹҲ˶ս׼ȴû뵽
ֻ֮ôֻܰػþˣЩȺȴյǴʦڵֻطԴʱԪþɲΣŹֻЩ⣬ôһӱ
ͨ˵˵ʵԽǿȻǶвԽ󣬵ˣȷ̫ˣǰѶԸΪֻ֮޷ԼΪĪպķѴħԪ֮ģԼԪ󣬷̾ͱֻ֮ǯסˡ
Ͼӵл֮ĵģֻһͿ̤ԪӤڣչ鲻ԪӤڣֻ֮Ƚڻָ֮߶˵̫ˣ
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ҲһƬϲУŹȴ͵صԲֻۣΪͻȻ֣ԭȲûȦֵĸˣʱȴӵȦ
2000
Ȧֻһܲһ׶ΣγԪ硣棬ЩҲ֣ԷľֵѾﵽ200ȴ0ЩϳˣҪ֪ĸʿֻҪᵤڣͻ̥ǣȻӵһֵġ
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ò˵ֱ˼ֻѿܣƲ⵽ĪЩԪӤϡ
뵽Щĵף̾һɻ׵ĸо͵ЩԪӤ棬ӦݺɣôԷÿһݺ󣬷˰ˣ
˻ԴŹֱӾͰͷ˦Ժֶǰĸˣһֵȷ֣ѲֻԪû壬Բûֵ
һͷˮУŹͻȻͳתƿռ䣬ʼھ˵ľֵҲ뿴ֻԪγɵֵʲôЧܿ죬һֵתƳԭҺ͵شԭء
ֻΪһΣӶԷľֵתԭҺȻǻɫģ
ԭҺȻǵޱȣǰȫãǾԭҺԭҺȫεɫǰȻǻɫȻϵֻԪûӦûһ㣬û뵽سӡ
֣һϣ͸©ŹŹ֡
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һоԪˣŹȴǲϲֱӾɶԷУ󣬲ʩչֱֻ֮ӹȥ
Ҳֻһԭ͵ĸˣֱӾͲǰ˵·;γɲõԪֻػþС
ôŹֵԭҺǺȡһɹŹЦһֿʼ˽תơ
һΣȡģȴһɫԭҺ
󣬶ŹżæϢȥ̽ңûиϮȻĸԽ࣬ҲԽã̫죬ҲЩ鷳Ĳ˵ǰǸˣɫˣֻǱתһֵдѵֵûתԭҺء
ҲǵȷʱûµĸϮʱŹһ˳־ͰаɫԭҺӽ˿С
һȵ泩У̾ͷ֣еԪٴαûԾޱ
ЩԾԪ˳֮ǵȥȴٴһΪǾȻֱǰɫˡ
ͬʱĸֱӾ˳żȻԾԪŹӿ׹ôҲʱһɶϢֱӾʹӿ𣡣
ȷѾӵֻԪ磬ӵʮ֮Լ֮˫ޣֻ֮ԼȫʦڴʱԪΪϣɿԶ
ò˵ͻȻĶ򣬻öŹЩˣֶ򡭡


250 һֿռ䣬һֻ
һζģʲôЩ΢εһͷŹֲ֣֮ΪԭҺãǸɫڵĸڲϵرա
ڣҲܿͻһµĸֱһԭҺһӵʱ޵ִеգ͵ĸȻֹ
ȶŹȥ̽ʱŷԼǹµĸȻ֮
֮һǰûڵ
գ̺Ŀ仰˵ǵڽ硢ǳ½̺Ŀռ֮ڵֻҪӴ̺ĿͿſݡ
֮ڿжݣ⡭ֻһ˲䣬֮󣬶Ź£Ǵϲ֮⾳ʱжݣٶȣǿɲģϾؼ䲻ʱʱ̶̿꣬ÿÿҪתʦ֮ܽƶݣڣȻܽնˡ
һּΪֲЧֶΡ
󣬶Źֻǿѹµ˷ܣóһλɫԭҺȻԭҺ֮գ֮
ҲһλɫԭҺǸʱȴͻȻ֣һεĳԭҺȻ޷ա
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Ѿտռֻ֮֮޷֮ԭҺ״̬£ʱʹ֮
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Уûκγͻ
ӵֻغͿռƷԪھԼĸ򣬶һƷԾͻԶų
磬ܹҲֻ
ֻ֮һԼĸ
ռ֮ատաա̫ագһֱ̺綾ĿʽĿԼյĿռѷ죬пռƷ
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һˣֻƷˡΪųԭҺĻã²գŹֻǺܿ˼ףԼʱֻտռֻ֮Ҳû˿죬˷ܵüЦ
ҲȷͨһӸҪƴƴˣӸ֣ƷҲ֣ʲôġ
ڣȻ޷ֻ֮ҪԭҺ״̬£ɿʱá
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ڿռֻ֮֮⣬ʱĳԭҺҲʱӵκθ֮⣬ֱҪ̫ˣԺ󲻹ʲôˣԷӵʲôԿԭҺ;ͬ顣
ȵ˷УŹǺ޲ֱӵִĪյǰǱʾһел⣬û⼸һЩӵĽ׶Σ޷쳬ԭҺҲͺͿռ֮Եˣ͸ʱκһָˡ
ͷһ𣬾ԭ֮һܿͷ賤ֱ󣬶Źֻǲòǿѹͷ
ЦǰϹ֣ʵ뺦ģ֪϶ٳˡ
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ֱ󣬶ŹһδһĪյһ˵˼ֿʼ˳תơ
˺ոϣдֵûд߻أɶǳ
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ⴿɸɵĸˣڱݻԪֱӾʧȻԭࡣ
һǻɫһɫ
࣬ÿһŶɢǿĸϢ
֮ģ
ǺķĪյħԪø˴ĸ֮ģҲΪŸ֮ģ˲ŵԼԪ
Źֵתƣֻת˸˵ľֵݻǲŸոյԪ񣬵֮ģȴûġ
ʵϣųԭҺչĸ֮ǴŸ֮ϼȡġ
ҲһԭҺܵԼǿɫȡ֮󣬶ŹֲŻȻ྿ʲô
֮ģҵ֮ǾղǸ֮ﵽ۷壬ֻһγԪĳ̶ȣ
̶Ƭ̣Źֵľϲʵ̫̫ˣڴʱȻǲ֪ÿ޻ǻЦˡ
ô˵СŸ֮ġȻٶȺܿ죬Ǹ̺֮ĸ֮ҲǼΪ˵ġ
һʿӸոն򣬵γɸ֮ģҪʮʱ⣿ۻĸ֮ҲǺֲܿģգ²κһţҪĳԭҺһԭҺһӣһ֮ģҲҪʮСʱʱ䡣
ڣôʱȥգ
Ҳո֮ʱȵѹͻȻʹǰ͵ĴдŰ׸ĸˣٴη˴Ⱥ
ˣǧγԭҺŸ֮ģ׺ȺĸˣŹͻȻ;һҫ۵ǹǰ˸


251 ֻһ
ĸˣ˵ʵԪӤ£Ҳһָˡ
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ĪգʱͨƽޱȵĴȺҲһ˿ͣĪȴֵЦǵȷ̫Сˣһĸ޷ʲôţЩȺȷأֻǽȥɾûôˣ
Īֵ˼ǣײɫһ̺һ˿Ц⣬ֱĪա
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һʮӵи֮ĵĸˣ
ӣҪ鷳ˣĪ취ȷУ
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ĪյĻԪӤ棬ŶǴϲǰΪĸ˶ûлһɹЩ΢죬Ҳ˲䶼ѹһΣ̾ͻд鷳ˣֻҪܱƵʹõĲƬǾһܾͻ˰ħԪȴҲֵõģϾʮˣ̯Ҳֻÿѡ
һƬϲ֮飬ƺѾԼʮӵи֮ĵĸʱæҵ龰ˣʩչĲƬʲô취
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ҲĪֱӿʼͨǽϣѰһħԪʵĹ㣬棬ֱվĪ󣬵ȴ䡣
ܿ죬˾Ͷ̯һ㣬һ£˾ͶʼڲħԪ

һԶ֮ĵĸˣҲһħԪע룬ʼͨ͡
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ʮ߸Ǿ͵ſϷɡ
ٶأٲͬҲҪһˡ



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־ȴϲµı֡
ʮǶٳԭҺҪ֪ԭҺⶫֻܴӸϻȡأĵطҪûС
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˷ܵһ䣬ŹֱӲٿغôȺֱʮХǰһŨޱȵĻԪأи֧ĸˣһð޾⡣
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˫ҲֻһӴʮˣʮ׸磬ֱӾǿвһ㣬ѴȺΧһȺ˲˺˷顣
ģȴǺ͵ٸᵤʿٿطΧŹʱһһڣЩ˺ѴٶȣԶȵЩȺĹҪ졣
ৣৣৣ
ԭַԲʮȺ̾ʹӶ෽棬׽ֻʣش
⣬ֱӾͿͨһȺԪӤ¶⣬ȻˣԷĴȺȻƶ˲䲼ʩϣȱݵġ
ˣֻҪôһγ棬˵Ĵͳ׻ˣ
һΣڳʩչĲƬˡ
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ҲһƬ˷ܵصУЩ˺ɷشȴͻȻðһƣ˲Ͱʮ˽ȥ
ЩðԺ󣬾Ҳû˲ʮˣȻڳɱȺڻָ˰ϵȴּʼ˺ˡ
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ǰֻһ㣬ô

һΣֻһ㣬ܳ״ݻٶԷĴȺƵöԷʩչĲƬֱ˲˻ȥһԪӤ棬ȴǼĺ޲ϳ
Ī֣ǻǵ͹ˣʮˣûܳ˺Ĵ󡣡ײҲһ˿ϧѹĪյ
ϧˣͲôĪҲײĻͷȴּæ죬ЩˣĴȺУǼһټһӦþ㹻ˡ
ãһжĪֵġ
Ŵ˿̣һʮˣƻŴ󣬶ЩѾĵشҲǷưƺʱб˺ƵĴȺ˼ãֻҪٶټӰͿԳױƵöԷͶ·һ̣Īյ飬ͷ
Ҳ£һħԪֱ˿ʼŹǽȥڴĹУҲĿתĿͨڵĴȺǿԭƺӿĵشٴλظƽͣûȺڣڷ̣ɱĸˣҲֻʣ߰˸ʱּ
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죬찡
ҪǵʣµЩҲƽһˣͬʱҲٶвҪ죡

ٴһ˿꣬ħԪٶȣҲԽԽ죬һƬźУµһˣڣһһ͡
һεƣһˣҲܿдŰ׸磬ȺһԪӤ棬ȫһŵĿµơ

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Ȼǽڣֻܿ޷죬Ϣ˿ȺһǴݿһ㣬˺ɴƬֻ˲һʱ˻ּ
һ﷽Բÿһˣа׷Բĸ磬ֻҪ˳һܳ״ݻд󰡣
ò˵һ﷽Բȴûܱݻ٣󣬾д͵ð˲ϯңʮˡ
ôǲһ㣿
ˣôôһ㣿
һǺãôÿζŹһ㣡

һλʼָĴȺԪӤ棬ȴƿڴôֻһܴݻٶԷ


252 治а
ˣһƬּͨڣŹȴˬ죬ǰ󼸴ΣʱԲʮ˸ˣʮָʽĳԭҺԼʮ˿ĸ֮ġ
ջ񣬼ֱǱһãҪصöࡣ
Цļϲ£죬Źһ߿ŴЩȫֻ֮ԪֻػþĸˣһӦڹĸˡ
ʵϣҪȫոЩһǼΪףҪÿֻʮһȫգǿԵģҲ±ֵ̫ɵĻЩʹԪӤϹǣϵ
ȻѾ˽ٸˣȷе˵ҲֻĴķ֮һҵ뻹ҪЩͼݺԪӤϹ֣ʣµи˶ǿ׶Σܱ©Լʵ
Ȼ֪ǴЩˣʲôҲ̫ɣһֱֵ̫ɣǾòô޷ƵʩչĲƬǻ᲻Ƿ˵ʵӣɾͲˡ
Ȼ˷֮Źȴûʧȥǣһ֣ҪԪӤ棬һֱȥпܴﵽǵĿĲУȻǱǷʵƸͲ˵ʵǶǲ
ԽȥŹֲֹûֻ֮ʣЩ˵Ԫ񣬷ͷ˼ǯԪĸˡ

ҲͬʱҵĸһȺֱۣ᧿Σ

ף
ô£
Ҳͬʱǰ𽥻ָƽȵĴȺΣͨһȺԪӤ棬ȫɫһ䣬ȴǾϲ˼֮ɫ
ˣǰЩˣֻǱʱн˴УҲȷЩֻԪûʵ壬Ҳܱ𡣡
ԣĴȺȻɲȴҲнֻ̫࣬ҪټƬ̣ǻлģ

һ˼˲ųס򡱹ǰЩûԪûĸЩԪӤ棬Ҳûа취ڸ˵ʵǿˣԪ񣬾͵㣬ɼǿŴȺ֮һ֮Ķûеʿô
Ҳֻʱнѹưˡ
Ī֣ǻҪҪټӰѾһ΢ϲĶЩ𲽴ݻٴȺĸˣײֱӾ͵͵Ϳڡ
ȻټӰѾҪĴħԪɵڣǱѾ˴ħԪۿֻһܳɹˣڷֻ˸еϧ
ãǾټӰѾĪ̵ͷȻǰΣֻһ㣬ڵƣȴ𽥱öǾٸϿӰѾ

ĪյƶһԪӤ棬һӰµĲȥ

ʮӦǰٸ˵ͬʱŹһοд˷ɶȴһϲ
Ȼȥ᧿ΣʵϣûһвַųһˣֻҪǰûκɱֻǺķЩȺһЩˡ
ŹôܸЩǰĻ᣿
ٺ٣ȻǲŹֵЦһŹһˣһαֵΣΣÿÿڽҪͷȡһߴϢȻ١ƣӦԡ
ǾһɱݲеСۣƺÿʱỵ̈г׸Ŀܣȴһֱһ˿ߣǲܱĴݻ١
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ôղѾ᧿ΣˣּһµĸˣӦһӾܳ״ݻģôǳ
ȻڵˣȸղԵøǱɲΣӲ
һĵֿôôǿЩʱܱƣȴֻһ㡭
ǻСЩȺһֵļһ
ǻҪҪٴһЩˣ

ٴһ˵ʿԴһ˿ԥͲᣬÿƷħԪиһأ˭мʮħԪĴһô࣬Щ۰
ħԪѣֻҪ޳ʱȡֻᣬȴǲ࣬ǱĹȥȵĲ㣬̵ĲƬڵǾͲˡ
۵Ĳֹһˣò˵ԪӤħԪһգֻҪȵһ޳ܲ䣬ڵԿףԼڵĻᣬȴĲࡣ
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ҲȷֱڣûһԪӤʿĿǰ־ڿ͵ˣ˺ķѸħԪǿĸˡ
ֻΪǲ뵽͸Щ˴߷ԭҺ־˵Ķ
Ǹ֮ģԪӤ棬Ҳ֪
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ҲΪ벻ɱЩʲôôЩ˵ѲǶΣ֪ͷ۴Դͷβûȥǹһƭ֡
ǰûһôĿԿŴ˸ˣֱӶȹͨΪʲôҪŪ飬װģ
Ӳȥƭ֣ӲܵõʲôôҲ󲻵
ºܶԪӤ涼һ˿ԥͲᣬǰÿÿǵ˽ҪͷֻһܱƵöԷʩչֶεƣڣֿʼһδδ

ʮӺ󣬿ͨڣӽٵĸˣŴһδοըÿÿѾѶԷȺ˺ѵֻʣ׷Բֻһ˲ܳȴǱԷͻȻ˹ȥ
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ǻһֱǲһǿ

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ʮӺ󣬿ͨڵƣԷÿÿݻٵֻʣʮ׷Բȴǿ
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ҾͲţеĸ˼һ𣬻û취
ԣһΣôסһشֱǻһĵֿҲδ̫ǿˣ

Ѿۣÿ˶һʮħԪѾĳɵĴһԪӤ棬ȴǸͲһ̣˾ͱ˺ɷ顣
ԹһɹɳԹϢϢľ˶ǵɴ۾һ˵Ķ׷ˣĵ˷飬ȴǿĳļһֱǿɶ˼㰡
ֱͲл£


253 գֲЧ
ˣˣҲͨһȺԪӤԹע£ͨڵĶŹ֣ȴһϲڴˣϷˣ
ղŵȻϷܶʱҲǺɣҪ֪ٶˣֻ֮ô󲿷ָֻأȻ͵Ⱥֳ᧿Σ֮ƣСԵȺסһأЩ©ĸڵֻ֮ǡ̣ܱǰٳѭһҪӪΣڵϦķΧ
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ȷŹΪͨڣܵռ֮ԼȻһȥҵǽֻףʵȴ޾룬޷޵ľ¿棬ո˵ļα仯ҲܲµЩԪӤϹ֣ӦÿԿ
ȻҲʩչȺ󣬲ȥ˵ʵҼǰθλĸ޷вһʮʮԸղǳϷŻȥ
ڣǰٴηһˣŹ£ֻһɺ̲ס泩

䡫
һЦԭ˼Ⱥ৵һǰŰļٸˣһӾֽ˰ԭҲַֻԲʮĴȺһ͵ıǣһӾչ˷Բʮĳ̶ȡ
⻹ֹһμٵţڷǼʮˣҲһӣȫȺû
̣ȫڶ̶Ƭڣһǳɣͷ·һԭ֮ܵҰޣ͵չһ㣬ȵ׳˷Բʮش
һ״ȺȷַֻԲʮŹϵķֹһף
ڶ̺֮ĿռڣĶ٣ҲﵽһΪŵĵزȻȲϰͲڹеĶݣȴҲԲ̫ࡣ



ô£
ĲƬǣ
ʲôЦ

ͨ⣬ΪһΣڰ˱˾·кϷ˵ԪӤ棬ȴһӾͱֲıʣ˲ȫĿɿڴ
ôҽһ̻ǱƵ˾·ĴȺһ̣Ȼһûи˵ʵȫͬһʱ䣬˴
󣬿ͨڣ˲䲼ʮش֮ͳƽûһ˿ĴȺ˲һþ
⣬ô£
ԷղʹõģǵĲƬǣǼһôһӱôͣ
ڿŵĸı䣬ֱ泹ɵۡ

ˡ
еĸˣȫֻػþŹֱӾڶĸ˵УѰ˿ռ֮ĸ
ատա̫աա
һһĶϢ࿪ʼͣشӿֱ֣󣬳˴Լʮӣһѷ֮ĳ֡
һɸǿϢҲų֡
͵ʱֻʱЩƣղűʮָϢֱӾͿʼԾת
䡫
Ź˼һνһֵֺ״̬˵ʱ䶼˴ҵƣƺһ̣ȫֹͣƺǧٱٶţǰֱһִֵֻʱããС
Ѿйһξ飬һΣ˿ţֻǾϢȴܿ죬ǰһ͵ķ֣Լ壬ûʧֻȴͻȻһƬ޾ӿС
һƬӵĿռ䣬Ǵɽָֿռ乹ɣвٿռѷУЩʲôûУûб߼ʡ
ͺһͻȻãã̫գ̫գûһ壬˵ûκʵʵĴڡ
⣬ǿռ֮Ķ򣿡
һŹȴһɣûҪѰҳ·Ĵ㣬ֻǾһЦƯʲôҲ룬ʲôҲرҡ
йһζֻ֮ľ飬ﻹ᲻֪һƬӵĿռУΨһĳ·ǳȥɶ򣬵Ҫŷɳȥǲ޻̸֮
Ϊĳ·ֻܿԼȥɣȻһֱɵҲҵ·
ʲôҲȥ룬ʲôҲȥûһ˿жûһ˿Ź־ôģȫǱһƿһ㡣
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Ҳ£Ҳ֪˶ã޾ʱڣ񣬶й˿ҡʹңģͷȻֵһ⣬Ҳǵʱһɣ׷һͨ⣬ŹڲŻȻǰһٴʱͻص磬Ⱥ֮ڡ
ռ֮ʱһпռ䣡
һӴ⾳ڱ͵ļһƷɲ
ңȫֻػþĸˣֱӾͿʼռ䣬߻һεγԭҺ
תƣ߻һֱͣĶȹСʱһ飬ģȫȺڵĸˣҲԽԽ٣ٶ࣬𽥱䵽ٶ࣬һٶ࣬ʮ
ŹִָеĳԭҺҲԽԽ࣬һ˵ԪҲ״߻ɳԭҺȺ£ֻʣٿŸ֮ġ
ڣǿԻĿռ֮ˡһ˿⣬ŹһЩ֮ģЦҲԽ
ոնĿռ֮͵ֻ֮һԶ̸ϳͣͣǰֻвϵشݻ۲ſԡ
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ڣųԭҺЩµĸ֮ĵһ̣ȴֱӾͱ
һԭҺյĸ֮Ǻܶ࣬˶֮󣬶Źֲŷ֣ҪѸ֮ӶյСɣȴҪٵγԭҺ
һָ֮Сɣٷӣ֣ҲҪʮաʿԣӶСɣǵһƷҲҪʱ䣬⻹ʲôҲ㲻ˡƲÿռ֮Ҫʱ󣬶Źû˿ԥֱӾͿʼ˲ͣЪա
ڵĶ㣬Ѿû˿вʱԣȥ֮ǰһӣʵǿȴҲǺбҪġ
ϾҲ֪ڣʲôΣա
ڣŹ£һͷǾһֱڶ㣬ͣЩ֮ģֻ֮Ϳռ֮״ﵽ۷壬Ҳӵֻ֮ĺͿռ֮ģʩչ׸磬ӣԺİգҲӡ
֮ʵҲֻм̶ѣСɡɡ۷塣
棬ȻԽڣʿҪĸʱ䣬Խ࣬ҲԽѣݶŹƲ⣬ӶСɣ̺ĸֻ֮һŸ֮ĵʮ֮һҡҲ˵һŸ֮еҪľеĳԭҺ
һ㣬ȥЩϧ޷¸һԭҺʵϣ汻ĳָһŸ֮еǸԭҺҲûˡϾʱĸѾﵽ۷壬ͷŰ׸ˡ
̣ǧӣһʱ⡣
仰˵ֻҪʱ䣬ڲŸոնĿռ֮ܳ״ﵽ۷壬ֻһγɿռԪ磬ڣٻϼʱ䣬ֻ֮Ҳ۷塣
һֻ꣬Ҫһʱ䣬ͿƷȫ۷壬ٶȣöŹּΪĶ


254 ͨ磬ԪӤج
ôһֱûˣ
֮ͨ⣬ƽ޲ĴȺһԪӤʿڳ׻ع֮ȴһ
ڣЩ˲ûİٸˣٲ֪ǱˣˣҲͰ׻ôˣһ˵ȫƵѪˣķôħԪûһ˿в˺ǱϷˣˣʵ˱
ڱ֮£˻Ǿúɻ󣬶ԷȻЩˣΪʲôֱͻƶ㣿
ϷˣǣϷˣҲˣΪʲôȺûˣ
ļһʲôϷ
űϷˣôΣײȴҲɻͬʱֱֱ΢۾ȥֱ޲óȺڣҪǿɶʬΣΣҲֻһѣûйͨײҲȥʲô
ڣһֱȥô
ǿҲһῪҡ
ȵȵȿʲôҲáĪҲһû뵽ôԪӤʿΰˣȻֻǵõ˱ĽʱҲƵ
ڣĪն֪㣬ǻûмԷˡ

ȵȴУŹȴڷ֮
Ҳ˹֪ͨϸ㡢Ĳ㣬ҪЩԪӤϹֵİ㣬Ҫ㹻ʵ
ȻһͶ㣬Էİ㣬󷴶˰ҲΪʵãʵ㣬²ͱЩһﰵˡ
ԣȫѿռֻ֮֮ӵи֮ĵĵزҪһʱ䣬Ҳں
һꡭԣһʱ⣬Ĳʲô
ԺзһͷŹֵգһοʼ˷ת
ȻѾľҲÿռ֮Сˣһһ֮ģټģĿռ֮ͻﵽ۷塣
ڲܵķȺҪʱЧʱʱѹգܲһߣȻƲܿ棬Ͳ˿ո顣
Ҳ£ǧγԭҺܿͱһգڣԭֻڸոն֮Ҳ𽥴һУСɣٵɣޱƽ۷塣
䡫
һԭҺڣǿŸ֮ڵһ˿գŹڣȻͱһϢ
һ֮Ҳ͵ؾʹڣȻܡ
֮ģգǿռһ֣ԣǰݣɣ
һ֮СɣͿʱ࣬һõĿռ䣬ֹֻܵҪԷԴݻ٣ԽƬռ䣬޷˺ӵ֮ߡ
Сʱǲֻ֮мȣʵϣȴǧ׵޿ռ䣬ⲿһйֻҪ޷˲ͻǧգ͸޷塣
ȵɣֻ֮м磬ʵȴӴռ䣬£ԪӤԪ磬ԼƷԶƷƷ֮⣬κι޷ǷֶΡ
һִ֮۷壬⼸Ŀռ֮ͻչһԲ׵ĸ磬׷Χڣÿȣ֮ء
⣬֮İ׸磬ȻԪ磬绹ԶֻҪѵУÿ磬УҲǼΪֲģҲҿЩĹ̺Ŵֻ֮ƷԶ֮ȻŹָ޷Ըӵ֮ĵĸˡ
֮ģ
֮ĳͺԼһϢŹУҲһ󶯣ҲʱһƽȴͻȻ
һͨߣ֮ģͨ磡
һ仰ֱӾöŹִ֮ģԼȻ֪ǣʲôͨ磿
ĲУŹֱӾͿܣһ㡢һԪأȫǷһ¡¡ӿȵͷȴֻɲǣҪû
ǰԪӤ棬֪㾿ʲôʵ壬ֻҪնɱͨиˣȻӵһָ֮ģͿԻӦͨ硣
Ƕͨ羿ʲô

ۣ
ûи
˸֮ģ
һ㣬Ÿողʦôô죬ִﵽʦ۷ˣ

һϵֹǶŹˣͨһԪӤ棬Ҳȫ˸һò˵һȴֱӾòŸոѹеƺͱ׼ĵȴˣȫ׻һɸԹֱӾȺз
֮ģǻľǰֻ֮һܲԪӤڵĳ̶ȣܴﵽĵزҲǵ֮Ĵʦ۷塣
ǣǼһﲻڼǰŸողںôôôͻƵ۷壿
Ϊȵ𾪣˵ȫˣԷƺʲôͨ硣ʵʵ˵ԪӤ涼û֪ͨʲô
ѵЩӵи֮ĵĸйأȵ𾪺УͻȻһԪӤ濪ڵ
Ӵʦڣ۷壬²Ҳü꣬ʱ䣬˸޷ţֻǼ죬Էе·ټԷԿ㣬ȴҪ˲ס˵ʵǾǲĵŹܣЩĻɣҲǲɱġ
˵ǰߵһģҲǰԪӤĻֱӾһˣĿڣǻǡ
˴Щ˵ʵǺķ˴ħԪͻȻ֪ôʧôֹ࣬ԶԷû˺ڰֱӾòֱǰһڣͱһȥ

ͨ磿
ͨڣеԪأȫӵֱۣƬ̺ȴڶŹǰγһȭͷСĹ
͸Ĺ򣬿ȥһ͸һŹֻ治֪ͨ磬ʲôãɻü˼һ£֣ȥͨ硣
һֱӾʹͨڣӵԺ
ҲĶȡŹ̾͵صɴ۾ϵľ֮飬ҲԽԽأֱȴֽݻһּΪ
ͨ磬Ǳ
һĹŹ֮飬Źʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ͨ磬˵һרſԪı
һ򵥵ӣŹִһͨ磬һԪӤĻԪڣֻҪͨ磬ǶԷһ𹹳ɵ޾磬ͻ˲ɴչɵͨ磬˿޷һ˿Ԫء
ͨĴСǺͨһһûб߼ʣֻǰг·ǸͨȴûԵķλĸȫһһķѡһȷʣѡˣһֱɾͿԳȥѡˣֻܷɵͨʱЧʧС
ִ֮ľĶŹ֣ȴУٶȴﵽޣᣬܲɱԷͿ˫ٳԪʵˡ
޷ɱԷΪŹͨӵߣҲʱ뿪ͨ磬ǸԪӤڵء
һͨʱЧһ¡
һڣͨԪӤ棬һξѡ˷ֻҪʩչԪ磬ͷųģһǸͨ硣
⣬ǼΪԪӤʿֶΣҲԺֲܿ
ԪӤʿõԼͨ磬ǾʱԿԪӤڵԪӤʿõԼͨ磬ɱԪӤڵ


255 һ·Ѫʷ
֮󣬶Źֽ
ͨ⣬ʵ̫ˣǣֻҪĸִָ֮ľ磬ǾͿԵõһӦͨ磬һֱȥǿԻһͨ磿
ÿһһԪӤһ¡
ֻҪԷûԪ磬ֻ֮Ϳռִ֮ﵽ۷壬γɰ׸磬ǻǾ㲻ʹõĲƬҲЩİա
ڵҲռ˾Եơ
⣬ɲ

ôûҲڶŹһοʼʱ֮ͨ⣬ǿѪĳ嶯ײͨڵȺһͷˮ
ҪЩˣԼʵҲѾִ۷ôôûж
ѲһϲֹһָɻһԪӤ棬ĿڣʿҲûвµͷƵġ
ܣָּʣ͵ĿԺԣ˾е̬ҲӦָ
Ϊʲô
˭֪ء

һƬ֮ķΧ£һεȴһպǵƽȴһΣȻ
һͨߣ֮ģͨ磡
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ҲڿֲıըУһĵӰֱֱǿ޵ɳ󣬾ͻٷĳڡ

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ۣް
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ߣ
˳ŶԷļٶݣŹҲæһٴ׷ȥ

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һɽڣһȺʮʿȫɫɵڵأ۽̸Ծޡ
ʮˣʮԪӤ档
ȻڶʱΪŹֲסԼĸִ֮ĵľ磬Щ֣ЩԪӤѪߣʱǨ߰˸ºЩˣҲǼµӰ滺˹
Ǹ̬ٶ࣬ʲôãչ黹ûγԪ磬ֻҪĪѼˣڣֻ߰ޣֻҪҽһ֮أһʿһ˿Ĺ󣬶ߵʿ
ȷֻ࣬ҪԪ磬ҪԿޣͱʩչĲƬֻ߰ޣشˣʱټĪֺּˣ١һ̬ţ䣬ǡһʿҲЦһЩˣۼǧ֮⣬Ҳû취Ϊǵľ粻ǿĽˣЩ޷ϢĻ
ԣЩˣͲۿǸ̬Ҳ޷ȥ֤
ź²ǵ´ټĪֵʱѾˡ
Ҳһʿ΢һ˿źʱɽϿգȴͻȻһݹһӰֱӾ˵ע⣬ò˵ӰĶȴֲ̧̫ͷȥʱѾʧȥ˶Էټ
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УǿײأôֻĪһ˳ӣѵǶˣⲻܣ
ֻһ˲䣬˶ӰĵһƬƬֲľξˣǲΣЩţǰһĻģ


259 һѷĵ߱
ҲȫĿ֮ʱһӰȴವһɽȺ״ǰһȺڴԪӤ棬Źȴ͵һ˫ۣ󣬺ԥĳſ׿ռ磬дɱ³ȥ
ʵ˵ڣԪӤʿֻһֻҪʹõĲƬһûʤ㡣
Уȴнӽٵͨ磡
һͨ磬Ϳ԰һԪӤʿԪһ£ûԪԪӤڣûצޣֵ߳࣬ȴҲԶ
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ЩԪӤ棬ǰԺ󣬶վĶ棬Ҫһ˿
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ֻǣԪŸչ΢СֱӾУ̶һ˲ԪӤ棬ٴξһͳ׽ԭء
ͨ磬ȴʼ޷Ŵͨ磬ԪʵʷΧһģǾǷԲǿҵĿռϢֱֱǱըһ˵һϯȥǿҵƣҪɽеԪӤ档
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ʮԪ磬ÿһռŷԲСɽȣģܿ͵ͨţϾһͨ磬ֻͨһԪͬʱŹֵӣȴһˡ
ৣৣৣ
Ӱһһһͨ磬ֱӾһһԪڣɽڣ̻һƬ֮ʵļС
ЩУֻƬ̣ͱһͨ磬û
ԭصģֻʣһ޷ʩչ壬ֻа׷Բҵĸɫͨ硣
ûԪ磬ǻӦЩǿޡһûѣŹһ˿ɫٴʧԭء

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ʮǱޱȵӰֱֱʹһɽ֮ϣշɹȺʿΪ׵Īաǿײ
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ЩʿҲǷҪۼһ𣬵أζضᱻ֣һޣΣգȲѣһǿԼġ
ԭΪʮ˵²ʩչԪ磬ǵԼֻޣҲЩա
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ʣµЩҲǱޱȡ
ôԪ磬ҵԪô
ģǸ̬ôģ

ÿһԪӤ棬޷ڼڣʮʿ£ǲɶֹһƬֻš
ʮԪӤڣһʦ׷ɱҪǱ²붼ûɴ˿̣ȴʵݡ
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ҲʱһԪӤʿȴͻȻһָ;ޱȵļˣǸˣ
һ仰ˣȫǴʧɫȥ
ͿһӰֻŭĿޣХ
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ӣǲǲӣɲӵᱻ˺ܿ׷ϣǱû취ˡ

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ʮĵӰһΣһɽͷײײĻ
ܲˣǸ
գʮԪӤ䣬ԷĽ赶ɱ֮ƣȴƺԽԽ죬Ѿ˱Ƶ˾·һ̣ʣµЩԪӤʿǱˡ
ڣиԪӤ棬£һ˿ЭֻҪܻȥɶԷõ˼ϾЩʿÿһŽǧôãÿһʮֺ
ҲŭһӰΪ˻ӦԷһֱӾͳ˺󷽣⣬ǸŭʿӣҲʼ˾ҵĲ
ֻΪӰֵģޡ
ԪӤʿȫĺݺݶǸŭʿһۣŷ׷׺Хſʼǰ
ǸЭͷʿһ̣Ҳû취ϸ˼ˣֻݡ

ʮպ
ʮɫޱȣ񾭶ÿҪһ㣬ɹʿһλһƬգеʿУ޾ľͿֻš
ڣȻֻʣʮ˻ţʣµģҲ֪ܻʲôʱ򣬾޴Ӱ£ļֲȥˡ
УȥȫǱɣһԪӤʿͻȻŭһŵǻǵͷɡ
һ仰ˣȫĬȫһ˿޵ĲôԪӤڡʿһʦͷɶԷã
ôȴǵģԾǼ


260 лĻ
ѡϵ
⣬ȷʮʿʵһǸһԪӤУҲߣĪյ𣬻ʮԪӤڣԼΨһһԪӤǰڣȴӵƷԪ硣

õĳĬ֮ĪȴͻȻһЦû뵽ĪҲн죬Ҫȥҡβֻһ
һǿߣۻϣĪҲɻǺһʦģЦ֮ĪֱӾǰɶݶȥ
ҲĪյѡǿײҲǶһЦ͸ĪյӰǰȥ
ǿϵͷˣҲδػŹǣ벻ջڴˣʵϣˣʣʮʿУһͻȻһЦҲֱֱ˳ȥ
ҲȷǿϵͷЭģɶԷҲδػӦһֺαǰԼϣ
ȥһһʿҲȫѡ񣬵ȵԭȴֻʣɫҵϸŨɫʵʿ
Σʿûһ˿뿪˼
ҲʱһӰ৵һͳ˺󷽣ǵ΢ĲǼѡ׼͵ԪӤʿ˴˶һۣӸУһ˿ԥΣһ˻̿ڣˣԸ׷ңֻˡ
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ǿҵһγⷽļ䣬СĿˣΨֶԷһϣҲ
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׷棿Ҳż˵ĻŹֵ΢΢һͣ͵طһ˿Źֱ֣ʧԭء
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ô죿Ȼôݶ
Ǹô죿ǵЩǾͱˣ

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һ仰ˣǰǰĹֻҪһ֣಻ʮ룬Ҳҧβ׷ɱһΡ
ѵȥЩˣͬⲻɱˣ
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Ҫ׷ңҲСǰԪӤʿŹ£һһĸоûЩԪӤΪӹһȻԸ͵ֻֻҪûͲ׷ɣһֹ
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ս޴СĽ䱸ԪӤʿŹŻǰʩչ
ܿ죬սܵļ£ԪӤʿҲһһ˿꣬ҲǵʱǶŹ֣Ƿˣ͵һ
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Լ˵Ԫ磬ֱڻ޷ʩչ˴ʱĵ⣬ɼºѯʣʱʿûһпѯʵ
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ĵ£ȴһͷȻԪӤڣΪͷЭأ
ʣµŹǰһ·ˣȻżڵĿ׷ɱˣôֹ˰£еԪӤʿڳɢͲסľ֮飬ѡͷ֮⣬ģȫ˿С
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ûֿͨԪӤʿ̳ĳûпռ֮ǿֶΣûתƿռǿֶΣûǴĿޱãһеһУǳ롣
˵ڣһжѳ˶֣սսΨһˣɱ֮ԪӤʿŹ£ٴηһ̾
ˣڣʲôԪӤʿΪ¶ͬĸԪӤڣһԪӤǰڣȴӵƷԪ磬ΪͶŹֵʱ䣬кԷΪס
ǰĬĶŹ֣£ҲһΣһƬκˣһ·Ḷֻ́׵ĸо
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򣬳֮ԪӤʿȻȫˣһǿĪգڶǿײԼǿȵȣȫһʦС
ЩţЩԸѡҲԸڶŹ͵ʿҲ֪ǸþأǸЦɵֻ֪Լڵܸӡ
ӽԺһжҪǰΪˣ
ǻָԪԺȥĲ㣡Ժ󷽵ѯŹȴɫڣĲ㣬֮ڵܲԸԳ


261 ڵ
֮Ĳ㣬ŹֵԤϣȫһ󣬲öɵɱ֮ء
ǰĽɽһҪǰߣͱƽ⿪һ󣬶ɽͬǣЩռÿһС﷽ԲķΧ͹һɱ֮ء
ڣЩÿһŻٵĵ͹Ϣ
еĴ󣬹Ϣƺƽ⣬еĴ󣬹ϢȴǿȶŹǸҪǿϼЩķֲҲѭ򽥽ԽھԽǿûһɿԡ
Χĳһĳ󷨣ǿĴ֮һһ󣬾ͿԾɱκԪӤʿҲв߿ڵڴС󷨡
ǰЩԪӤ棬Ǻķ˴ʱ䣬ĺŴͷβѰҳһȫɵ͵󷨹ɵͨƽ
ĲЩ鱦ͿκһУһ㣬ԪӤڣҲ˿ȻһСģһǿĴǻ
ֵһӣȷܼ˵Ԫ磬ٴλָԺ󣬶Źֲż˵Ĵ죬ִĲ㡣
ǰһƬңң޾ĴȺܴΪСĵ񣬿˶Źһۣŵˣǲֱȥڵڣ
ŹͷǰЩ󣬶ʿԣԾһɱ֮أԣȴһõ֮أܿԭҺȫգǲ£ڣŹȴûǸ˼ĿǰҪģǽڵһ﾿ûͨһĵ·
зܼ˴·Ҳʡʱ䡣
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ϾʱǵڶԷһ֮䣬ٲֵĹһЩǲŽˡ
ԼһֱСģŹֵҲû˵ʲôֻŷָܵǰУԽһȺպ󣬼˲͸һ󣬵ִһĹ㳡
㳡ʮ﷽Բͨ嶼ɲ֪ɫʯ̽봦һ׸ߵļ̨֮⣬طȫǿһ
ˣˣֻҪսޱǼ̨룬ܽڵҲǵʱһ˵һ·ĵԼһСߴ·ߴʲô󷨣ΣһŹֻʹҪǲŽԩ
ãҲֻԼ̫Ŷѣһ·ûгκ⣬֮󣬿ļ̨£һηһ޴ĸпβĲ㣬ǼÿһΣϣԼܴڵȴû뵽һĵʱǰĳ
ֹԪӤʿʱҲ¶Ƶ飬۶һĸп
Ҳ£Źֱһ͵ִ̨󣬿ż̨УһСսޱһһĿӰֱȡսޱ

սޱУһ΢ĻζֱӾʹӹ㳡Ϸһ˿ζֻܵƬ̣ͱ˷츲صľ䡣
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ڵ
һֱվڴϷŵõֱʱŽºΰĹŹ£һ˿һͳ˹·
ҲͬʱܡԪͨӡԪӤʿҲվ˶Ź
ڵڳˣǵƺֶƿľ޴ţУҲһ󼤶˻ûмεĵز󲻾ãȫ˶Ź֡
˵ΣŹȴףһ仰ʹ󲽵ִǰ˵š
ۡ
ڵڵĴţǺս޹ĵһ΢͵Ĵ󣬾ڶŹ˫ֽӴϵһ̣ˣͱͽڵ
⣬һͨĴãа׸ߣڵһţһŸɾɫ̨ףͨ㣬Уڷһʯʯϣȴڷһơ
ڶŹִֵȥʱһصķ֣ȴͻؾʹԭֱӾͰ
ͬʱһҲǷֵ𣬿ŹֵԺӿ롣
ԶҲĶȡŹֵɫͱùŹЩһԶʿԶҲʿԭڵˡ
Զȴǳ½һʿҲǵһϵġ
УϵԾϵ󲿷ֶۼһһͱΪϵ
ԶڵƫĵشҲвټڴϵеĻԾ򣬾ͱһǳ½һЩͱ֮Ϊ߻ġ
Χں֮ı߻˭Ҳ֪жٸںڵУ߻ģĴʣ󣬾ͺñĵ򣬱Ƚһ˵ڱ߻ڣԪӤھôںڣڣ˾ǿߣɽڣһ֣ԪӤڣֻм
ԶںһеɵʿΨһһɽڸ֣һУԶһɽڡʿرƣȴû뵽ΪһƣȴԵʱ⵽˵ͻϮܵ޷ָش
ȽԺѾԴԼĹԼĵģǶƣ޲ֻǿѹƶѣԵ󣬼Զʹƣݳ˺ڣִ߻ģڵֲ߻
ʯϵƣƣƾʲôôԶΪõʱ䲢
ҲΪڵ֮ûзسѡ߻Զݡ
ڵصģƣĪյԭĵĲƬֻΪԶĵĲƬǶŹеı֮ġһʿǿԴԼĵ͹򣬵ҲֻǿԴֹ򣬱Ԫ磬ֻܴ򣬲Ϊ侳ԵʣҲԶԪأЩ򣬿һ̶ʩչԶڵһ㣬ʱͿռ䣬һڵһ㣬ֻغʹãǿԪӤڵΣǺֻܴԶƤëѡ
ĴϢĽڵսޱԼǴ򱦺鱦ƣֻϣõһеʿܰغڣտһ³ĺˣǣպҲǰΨһԸ
ҲЩɱУûб©ݣӦû֪ڳʿʦźˡ
ڵڣҲ֮һͨһڵһͨϵĳΪεĻķ
ô࣬ԭֻΪһԸһ֮󣬶Ź£ȴһ˿ĲһʿǰԸô
˵ڵĽӹ˼ԶһУǶԷı֮ģڵֻƣǲҪѭŶԷԸȥϵտһĺˣ
һ˿ɻ󣬲ûάֶãŹ־ּΪЩУȷԴڵִһڵҲǵһ򣡣
Ҳ֪Ǿôˡһ뵽Ź־ҲѹƲסһϤӰҲʼǰס֡


262 عǰ
ǸڵͣãŹֲŴ˼е˼аѣΪȡеʯϵķ֣ҲԶʧԺ󣬶Źŵִ⣬ŷ˵
ǣˣܵȼæӦǣ˴˶һۣСĵĸŹֽڵ
󣬿տյڵʱ£ͬʱ˹Ȼ˵ɫȻǽеĶüڵġ
ԴˣҲ˿ֻҰѹźĳ̶ȡ
ȥ£Ժһỹɣ˵ɫŹֱӿڣˣʱԵģܰæ
Ȼӵдͨ磬ĲƬսޱԼֻս޵ȵȺ󣬶ŹִʱֱżԪӤǿߣҲмİգռݾԵƣЩ飬ȴòʹʱٱһΣǺͲˣʱǰԪӤʿפأ׵ġ
ôᵤڡʦߣ⼸ԪӤҲܺǲȻŹ˿ǣЩˣɾ͡
Щ£һȥƺսҲսޣϾ࣬ǻϸȫǸһһʲôͲˡ
ҲΪЩڵܵЭʱŰɱ
ŶŹֵĻˣȫǻһͷⲻ˼ĿǸղû
˵ֻҪǸȥ£Ժ󣬾ͻỹɣ⣬ֱҪ̫˼ˣ
ˡ

һƬױȵļУʿȫӣͬʱĵҲ˾޴ɻ˵ģǼٵģĻŹˣ
ҸûҪƭǡ˵ɫŹȴһЦͲٽֱͣڵȥ
ǰûбҪƭǣʲôҲ˵ֻ´Ǿ͸Υ
ģȻзŹǵ˼
ǲΰɣ

ȥĶŹ֣˱˴˶һۣӶԷпһĨ޷ڵĿϲѡͷʱ֪ӴԺԼԸҲԼƿأӣЩģɼˣΪǻѡ͵ǸȫΪԺԶҪԼ£ûһ˿ɡ
ڣ˾Ȼ
ʲô£һΣһҪȫԸܳһ⣡
ԣ£

ͬһʱ䣬£ٴαһɷȺͼŷ׷׼ޱȵŶȥ
ڵ㡣
һĿռ䣬㣬ֻһĴ󡣵˵ִԺ󣬿ȴһɻ󣬴
ֵڵڵôдͨĴ
ڵκһڵͿͨеĴ󣬵ִһڵҲһƬ򡣡һ䣬Ź󣬡ǷģһҪ£Σա
һڵһƬ򣿡
ٴһƬɻ󣬲ܵȣȴ˿ûѯ˼ȫŶŹǰߣΪɣ⼸ˣﻹ˼ʲôΣղΣյģ
ϾҲԪӤڣǰ̬Σյģж飿һΣǸǸ̬һ£˴ʱûжη塣

ҲȺ鼤֮£Źֱ̤봫һϤĿռˣͳʧԭأһγʱѾִһ͸ղһһĵã˵͸ղΨһ𣬾ǵûзˡ
ˣ
ǿżŹżæ뿪󣬵ˣҲֻƬ̣ԪӤʿһִ
󣬶Ź־ʹˣ㡣
ڵǿյʲôûˣ⵹ҲǼԶˣˣҪֻ֪ҪܽһڵͿʱͨ󣬵ִһڵЧȫһģΨһǣһûսޱԿס
ҪڣʵϣҲҪǶɽڣܲԿڡ
ʵ͸ڵǹŹָѵ֪ԭڵûԿһ˵ģҲǼԶڵһ򣬲һڵ󣬵ȵִǳ½ʱķ޳ص󣬻ս޹ſְڵһЩı䣬սޱԿס
˵ޡħԪȵȣֹǵһûУôһƬҲûУǳ½һ߻ĵز
⵹Ҳֵ֣ôĳЩһЩصǺ˵һزǷԴǳ½һޣˣôڣ߻ĵشҲŸʽġز
һڵڵصףõĵ͹ڽȥҲûа취ͨʿڵƾ֤Ҳƣڵ㣬͸һɢȥġ
֮󣬿ɵ͹֧ŵĴͷ󣬻ڹ£۳εƣһУҲһ˿죬Ǿ̾
ǹûκڳֻҪ£ͻһֱͣת
ߣ΢пһ֮󣬶Źֱӿڣһͷȥ
ʿһۣҲ̸ϡ

ಡ
һĵӰֱӾͻգһͷһƬĻɽȺڡ
ҲͬʱҲ͵ؾͳʮɵӴ
ѣһ϶⸽óǻΪڻɽڣͿӹһôٺ١
ڻɽȺϿվһֻӴֱڿзһЦˣҲȫȻЦģڰһƵ˾·
˵Ǽϣм򱦵ģھҲǸܳˣֻҪɱ֪
ٺ٣ǿ򱦰ô֣ˣһʵҲʵڲף

ҲʮֻĴЦʱһɽڣɭϵɱԼԽԽصƣһ绨ĽϣҲ֮ɫ
һΣҲҵ·ˣǣԷŵʿһʿаֶΣ̲ס˸;һ˿޵Ŀ־֮⣬޵Ԩ
㣬ǡҲ⻨ʧɫ֮ʣ࣬һȥֻжʮӢ꣬Ҳ̲סҰһֱ»ܶԼĴΪżΪԼĽ㣬ܣȴû뵽һΪȴˣɱ֮
ҲȫеһԵľʱһдϢӰֱӾʹͨһҽ˻ɽҽڡ
ͻȻıʣһӾ͵Ĵһ£ȫСĵԪĵ˻ĹֻǣҲͬʱһӰٴδ
ͨ
ͨͨ
ӵڶӰʼһһ΢΢ӰȴǽӶֱֱ£ȫû·ǹ̵ҽڡ
⣬˲ɵˣô£ôͻȻô˴ǵɽڣ


263 뺷ĸ

ϽܳճյĿҽطʱŹȴֱӾʹҽڷɳһ죬ܵԪӤ棬Ҳ׷һĵͷɶ
ЩڵĴ󣬻ͣڴ͹УвСĵ͹һУֱӾͱţֻɴͣҲʵǱԪӤڣһԪӤڻ̬ļһȻӽҽڡ
Ԥϵģȴɽ֮ڣȻصʿ
˵һƬ򣿡̤ҽϿգǰһһŮˣȫһ˿ɻ󣬲ȴҲҶʣֻһվڶŹ󣬵ָʾ
ҲһƬУŹȴֱɨܣ¶һ΢Цڷʡ

һΣûԲͨ⣬ֱӷӦ󣬵Ӧǰˣɢһ΢Ϣֱһ٣żæشˣǰǡ
ˣǿϢƺǸ꣬죬Ǽ˵ϢôǿһЩ
ػͬʱ̲סϸϸ˼һҲͷ
»ܣ뿪˵ʲôȴһɫϣʵվҲСĵĴˡ
ǣһĻŹȴɫһ䣬һҲѹƵϲɫʹУ͵
ǰƹԪʿУǣšڡɽ紦ڵһŻԾǡ
ҲΪڵڵƣٷ֮ʮϣ䵽ϣҲʹ򣬳ɵı֮ء
ɵʵ£˭ҲѹˣԵ󣬰Ƿһ
ܣҲֻûԪӤ̤밲ǰˣʵǣɵĽᵤʦʿ£ֻǺܻҶѣһȴҲٳ򣬳Ϊֱ䱦ͨ࣬ƵĽ׳
ϾڲҲһ飬ͬϵͬҲ˲ϵ֮ĸңͬһϵͬһʿҲдϵ֣֮Ҳֻеʿûô˼ɣۣȫ䱦
ҲΪˣͨҲҵĺܣ򶷺ɱͨʵ£ߵʿǰΣա
ǣããã
ϲ֮󣬶ŹһιЦ֣ȴֱӿܣһƬ޴ľˣͷˮֻΪŹ־ڽʲô
ҲʱȴͻȻһʮɵȫͣ˻ɽϿա
ףһȻ
⼸һǴðģ

һʱ䣬ʿ·ܣͶŹֵ˺󣬵ȫɻֻ𽥸ܵܵǹ޵Ϣ󣬾ֽȫüͷ
ʦ֣ô죿⼸һƺ׶Ը
ǾǸղǼӰ
һʮʿΪˣȴҲ⼸˲׶ԸȻ֪ɨһʮʿʿɫһɣʵôڰߵģĸʵ
ʮˣ·ȴֻаˣϣռһƵģԷҲδظҲǵ¡
뵽ʿֱһͶ·ĶŹֵλѣŰ£òҪ£򡭡
ҲЦʿҲȫһЦŸ·
ò˵ŹʿĻŹȴֱЦˣû뵽ոմǳ½һع飬һȺʿ
ˣЩ֪ĶȻðˣ硭ŶŹֵЦ⣬󷽵ķܣͻȻ΢΢üɨϿһۣ͹ĶŶŹһ
Ȼ˵ĻȴܿȺ˵̬ƨ붼֪ȺһﲻܶԶŹֹ
÷͵ľһаһȺᵤڡʦϣȻҶԶŹֲڣ㲻ΪŹ֣һȺϣȻҷڼԪӤͷϣִ󲻾ǧˣ
ֹǷܣĸԪӤʿҲȫһĿϿռˣиǳԾԾԵı飬Źְ£ĺˣкӡģڿ˸ҶԶŹֲԪӤʿ£ֹǾùŹ֣ǿܵûӵ²ͳˡ
ˣǾϵϵӣϣʩԮ֣ҲڷܼͷתʱŹʿĻ»ܣȴҲȫһֱֱ
Ȼ֪˻᲻֣ǰŹּˣѾǵΨһϣԡ
֣
ҲʱŹѹЦ⣬ʹУ³֣һڣ󷽷ܡԪˣȫһһʮâֱӾʹвȻ
䡫
һ죬ȵԪ磬ֱӾʹӿƼһ㣬Ͽյʿ

ȻҲ˿ڵִƬ󣬵һγ֣ǰӡֵĺʱԷܵķԪ磬ȴԸٶȣֱֱϿϮȥ
ǡ
ӵеģȴ׵Ԫ磬ŹȻ˵һЩº󣬻ָ˵ɶԷһԻָ˵кڼֻʱ䣬û֪Ҳûȥһˣ뼰ָɣȻҪ£
֮£Ԫ磬һߣֱֱʹ߿ա
ৡ
ֺĳֱ֣Ӽˣ񱩵ĻԪ磬һƬҲǻܼĵشȫǳ˷ܼһХž;һ籩ֱϣ
ҲĵԪ֮ȿֺϱʱɽϿգһʿȴȫһͱŵôƶ˵䡣
ĸԪ磿
ǼϡļһȻ඼ԪӤڣ
Ҫ֪һԪӤڣͿɱǧʿģǶԪӤµʿԣǾԵ飬һԪӤڣͳһƬϵĳ𣬿ڣȻĸԪӤ棬ֺĶǳ֣
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ʮʿֱӾĵѣҲûǰһ˿ţȫ󣬸Էһֵ˼ıУͱԪ磬˲Ϣû
ģֻʿ˲Ϣǰڵ⼸˾᲻ǣжԷûǵܣҲһ˲䣬ȫǼһɵ˵ء
ĸԪӤ棿һȺˣݵλĽޣȫΪףˣͺĸʹһɾʹӣȻǼԪӤ棿
ζ޷˾ƣܣڵһʱ䣬ǰһڣ㱻Ϣŵȥ
ء
ҲʱһͨŸոռԼԪ磬һۿϿ˶ͬԪ֮󣬶ֱͨǺһĵ£ǲ㼱ıԼԪ磬ôٶôأ
һʱ䣬ֱͨӾͰѶݺݵߣܣﻹֻҪŹͻбֵĻ᲻ǣ
ˣ
мֵĶֱͨӾǺָܣĿŹ֡
ҲһܣҲ̲ס޴ѹʹ̼˹ȥ֮ǰԺУȴͬʱðһͷ찡Ǹӣʲôˣ࣬ȻȫԪӤ棿˹


264 ңɣ
ͲùˡŹû뵽󷽼ԪӤϹ֣Ϊ֣ȥɱʿû뵽ǰսܣȻ˹ȥ
ȻʧЦһŹһתŸոհʿԪеķܵһڡ
ǣˣ
̵ͷͷųһһϢʿŹֱ֣Ӷ׼ʿų
֪Ŀǰ״ʹЧֶΣ
ҲȡԷԪ䣬Źֵɫֽ
ʿļУȻ˿ûк͵йصϢڣڲ鲻Ϣ󣬶ŹֿһйϵͰϢȴֻǷ֣ʿ֪ţԪӤ֮µһˣƺǰ͵˲֪شǱޣԳڣȻҲûһ˿Ϣ
ģʿ˿֪ˡ
ǰѾûϢѵڵ򣿡΢΢һ£Ź£ͻȻӿһ˿ϲѵ˵뿪ʱ䣬ֻô
ֱڣᶼûнڣڣ޷̫գǰڵҲͲֵˡ
ĽЩϲ
ߣ
ǿаϲɫŹֱӾͳŰǵĴȥ˵ļУļ¼Űǵļڡ


һռζһӰֱӳϵΧĴǣ֮ϡ
ǣϵں̫ϵһ
һ·Źֺͷܵˣ͸Ĵ󣬺ܿ͵ִǣ;Źָڳ˼ʿԪ͸Щ䣬ҲԿ϶ˣỹڵǱޣ˽ϲ
ֻаڵڵһУʱûΣˣϾҲǵͨ󷨵ԪӤʿֻҪԷﲻڣͺѷڵټ㷢֣Ҳ޷ƽ⡣
ڣֻҪŹִ̫кɹһƬǿգִͿԳ׺Ǹᣬһ˶ˣ
̫գ
ǰĶŹֿ϶ǲеģڣһսޣԪӤʿ֣Ѹ̫֮һ㣬û˿Ѷȡ
ৣৣৣ
Ҳ˼УһһƬˣҲų˴ڡ
ͷɨһۣŹֱӾͶ´˺̫յĿֱָ

Ҳڼ˶̫ղãǣһַԲŨҵԪϢӰֱӾƿĴ㣬˲ڡ
ַԲٶԪ磬͵ɢ¶һɫӰ
ˣΥǣ
·һƬ޾ĴأϣͻȻӿһ˿˷ܣ˲৵һʧԭء
һγʱˣѾִһƬΡĸɽ֮ϣ־ζݣųϵǼʴԶ
꣬Ǹ꣬£Ǳһϴƻ𡣲Σ鶼ѾȥˣǸе־ʿǰӦڿռѷˣһ֮ǰһڣӵԪ硣
ڵİͲأ˶־ĸо
ΨһЩľǣڽںȻǸַһ
ҲΪӴĴ󣬰˰꣬ζ޷ƽ󣬰Щ㬵Ĵ̫УǶݡ
ѵǸϣǸޣʿҲǵڣԺһͷѹ˼˴󣬲ǸһεĴڣûʿڣֻҪѴ֪ͨھͨ󷨵ԪӤ棬һоͶˡ
ֻҪҰǸ޵½һ£ǼϼһҲһ˿ȤʱͿԿһǵʲôˣ˳Ǹ򣬲һҲԵһֳǡ

䡫
һĲУһС״Ӱֱֱ̫գٶȣǰɳۡ
ԪӤʿԳԼԪ磬Źǿſ׸磬̫жݣٶȣ˿ԪӤʿ
ɶУһſŻС壬ǡǡʯȵȣʱιܣһƬãã޼ʵǿգŹ£ҲǸеһԵ𺳣
⣬̫ա
ԪӤ治ͬһκ̫գһУĺױޱ޾ãã𾪣У࣬ʵǺС
ֻҪɹƬǿգִܵˣ
֮󣬶Źһٴӭ̫ķȫȥ
Ϊѡ̫ϵĵǣڸշ̫ղãͷ̫ڣһӴָƣ⣬Ҳ嵣ǡ
ҲڶŹȻ֮ʣ󷽷ܵˣ໥һۣ˱˴˵˼ȻˣԾûһ֪ǾҪʲô£ȥɻҲ׷׼Ӵ˶١
ʱ䣬ڲͣЪķɶУʧһֱȫУݽˣħԪ䣬˿һʱ䡣
ָ̫£޿һεɫ
ҲŵԽԽŹµļԽԽѹƣˣ
ֱʱ뿪ңѾˣڣһ꣬󱻱̫꣬һ֮꣬Ĳ֪ûԼһϢĸĸʲôӡ

أׯ
ֻһ磬΢¶ȵ⣬ʹֱ£ׯҲѱ⻽ѣһƴ̣Դ˼ͥԺڣʱڣҲũӵܣʱ̣ԼҼһر硣
вż򵥵ŮСֿڣ˴˴екҲ£һĺɫֱֱʹׯʻƾɵ·ʻһƽԺǰ
һͦӣʹӳŶ£ǰԺš
ӣη
ˣŹϴȥѾ꣬ڼ䣬û˿ϢֱӾһֱԲѵμңҲԲȥˡ
ǰԶŸĸѯζŹֵˣһȶλ˼ұƵҪȥ٣ȷǰһֱμ˵Źڹ򹤣ڲζˣʬûһţŸĸҪǲˡ
μֲǿʵڱƵû취ʱηȣŲòͳ࣬ʵϣμ֪࣬ҲǳĿֻ֪Ź֣ȥҲΣμһöŸĸϣһЩ˼һڣŹ֣ˣȥǱޣʲôģû֪ˡ
Ҳ֪ЩԺ󣬶ŸͶĸŲץμҪˣĵ£ȴҲԽԽĶŹ֣μҶ֪ȥʲôһô겻϶ԽԽǣȵڣ˶ǰ˥ࡣ
󣬶ϸ˻ǰμҸǵϵİǰΪЩǶã˭֪ǣԭμΪŹʾòôϵҲǸܾ
⣬һμζ˥ϵĶϣ԰ŪĶũҲʵںᣬǵȶŹֻ󣬼ģһǿɾˣÿũæʱڣηﾭǰʲô԰æġ
죬Ҳһʵ˵ȴûһգԽš


265 ŨŨ
ҲһţԺڣܿһŲһ΢Եʹ˳˭ѽ
ϣңηηＱæڣһ
㣿ηĻڵֱӾͷһ˿죬ŻǺܿͱڴ򿪣ž¶һ΢ͣƣ֮ɫһͷ̷Ҳ˴ģ
㣬Ÿ꣬ҲֻǸոʮʱģȴʮһ֪ˣһۿȥ̲סᡣ
˿ηŸε̾Ϣһˣ㻹߰ɣʲôҲҪ
ȻһֱƭǵμңЩɼô֮󣬶ŸҲ׹£ʵμҵ£һֱôԴԼũҲʵڲˣԶηʱ̬ȣҲ𽥺
ϣ岻ãְеĶ˻ȥũæʱڣʲôҪҲȵŴʦӡŶŸİ֣ηҲ΢΢ЩΣȰ˵ʱȴŸֱӴϡ
Ǻǣﰡ֪ΪǺãȲᣬһģôԶ˷ûҪǲĲãһ٣̬ȺùãŸȴûдܶԷ˼
⣬ȴηһ㶣ͼæͷܽȥţҲһ󣬾Ժʱ
Ժ⣬ȴͻȻһٵĽŲ򣬸ֱ
ˣ
ηһ΢΢Ŵȥ󲻾ãһӰͳ⡣
ΪһˣһзΣɾĶ̷һԭʱȴ͸©ųͳȣҲʼӲ˧
ˣͻСҲȫǸɾĶ̷ɾзȫؾصģΪ׵
ż˵ĳ֣һεƣ̾ʹԭ͵ķ˲ͰηѹЩϢϢҲֻ˲䣬ʧӰ١
ò˵ϢѾʧηﻹ˲䣬˵ΪˣôôŹ֣
˵ΪͼеĶŹִͬɴȴе㲻˵ʣȴǱǰĶŹ֣࣬һۿȥͻȻǵһһ̲סʧ
ڣη￴ʱȻķ֣ˣһ˲ĸ֣ÿһƺǿ˼㣬ԽͻԽѹ֣·һΡĸɽѹ˸޷
ףôˡŸȴûηôõֱڣûвˣڿѾߵݵηͻȻͣӺ󣬾ֱҲסӣһ˿ɻתͷʡ
Ҳתͷһ̣ŸڿſڵˣҲ׽ԭأ֣Ǹˣǹô
ǣֲʧôô֣ѵԼ̫ӣԳֻþˣ춼ˣ
֮󣬸ǰĶŹˣŸҲ͵һȻʧЦˣˣ죬Ҳˡ
ҲԳԵĽ仰ǰȴҲֱһޱȼε
һӾͰԳЦĶŸٴκýԭء
֣
ŽкŹֱӾʹǶ룬ֱֱŸ˥ϽʮòһôѹҲѹµᣬ̾ʹĵףӿ
ˣûһţӣʵ̫Тˣ
⡭֣
һкȻ̧ͷſڵĶŸԭأһЩǵ۾ڣ͵ӿһƬˮΰɣȻǶӻˣ
֣Բ𡭡ײӣֱֱԼŹҲѹƲסµǸΣֱӾʹǰһѱס˸ס
˭ôֵˣͷӣǹֻˣҲʱԺݣһдޱεҲ͵󣬶ĸЩΡΡӣҲ͵شȥȿԺڵĶŹֺ󣬶ĸһֱӾʪۿ첽ȥ
֣㣿費ΰɣĻˣ
裬Բ𣡡

ŴʦҲڶŹһڣӵʱηȴ׽ӣŶŹַ˴ǰɲǶŹ֣ǸΨһ֣
Ļˣ
һ̣ηﾹҲЩҲ֪һ˿Ϊʲô
ò˵ηＤȥͻȻеһĪ͵Ĵ˶ɼˣͻȻıʣ̾ûɢҪ̲סڼУȴһ˿
ಡ
һ̣һ֮η˶ʧԭأٴγʱȴִ˷ܵ
ҪŴˣ
̫зһ꣬Ҳѧ˵һԣҲ򵥣ֻɶŹְǳ½һԣ͵һ໥Աȷ룬Ƴһٽѧϰɡ
ƾ˵ĳ߾ֵѧϰЩǲѴ֮
ҲֱʱˣźȻ֣Ź̬ޣȻǳһԵ˷̶ָȵ
ٺȻŹֺ͸ĸžʱ˻ǵһʱ䣬ͷη˹
ηһܼϢĹţվ⣬ȴ
ǣܼ˲˵ηȴһʱ䣬ͱŵòĵѣˣʲôˣȻֱӾϢİʮ⣿
ô˵ҲһְԾүү·Ҳģ
Ѳɣ⼸Ҳ֣ǣô֣Уȫ죬ôԶŹ˹
ԽԽͨηֱӾͶˣһ˿η
ֻηﲻ֪ǣܼ֪ǻᱻ쾳еϣ²ֱӾͻһη

պ󣬺ϳǣμլ
һʱ䣬·ͼվ˱⣬һ΢΢ļ֮ɫʱң·ݷĪټμĺ֣Ҳȫվڵأһģ
һģֱμҲˣȫһƬĿ࣬μҴʱںϳǵĵλ˭μи߲㣬ȫ˹ӭӣ
壬˵˵ģôɻ;壬ʱվļˣȴǰգ·ȣͻȻͽӵηĵ绰˵ʧ˵ĶŹٴγˣֻྐྵȻɲ⣬ֵʹӡ
֣ʹӣǹôǿߣУŹֲҲֻǿôôǿʹӣ
ЩϢ󣬲Σ·ȶúܻܲ˼飬ǼæηڶׯСź
η⣬ŶŹ丸ĸžպ󣬾ͻȻӵŹֵټ˵ҪһμңϢηȻٶϱ·ŻǰһĻֱڣݷǲŶŹֵʹӶ֡
ǺǣΣװѷʮףһ˿ǿģǸ֣벻겻ŴʦȻһˣֻҪСģ޴ȻҲЩţ·˳ݷĻЦ


266 ˹
ҲھĵȴУһɫͳǰսǴһӣ·ȣȫ͵ıֱӣϼȳϵЦ⣬뿴ɫ
Ҳ˵ע£ǰͣ£һۣĪٲ̹ǰȥţ͸ѾںĶŹ֡
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Ͽˡ첽³Źһ΢Ц󣬷ܡԪӡͨҲ׷³վ˶Ź
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ڶŸĸ֪ŹֵĴ󣬵Ҳſ˼ϾȻǣҶŹ֣ȴҲöԶǰһͨ׵Ļ˵ӴˣҲȷȥ洳ȻǰûӵҵԹϹϵ
ŸĸҲȫû׹ǵĻ⣬ǱƶŹֳɼҡöŸԭɣҲøҸϱ϶żҵ̻𴫳ȥǣ
⵹ǸöŹһЦãֻ취Ҷڰ֮⾳ϻָ˲پĸǵʡ
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ŴʦˣͷôҵŹֳƺһϣ·Щܳæ֣󣬵Źķʱһ˿֮ɫ˵ϢȻǿе˲Сѹ
·ѾǺأȴɾڼǰѹֵڣԽѹͻԽúͶԷ֮䣬һԽĸɽĸо·һƬȻһ˿ɻѵˣȻ֣
֮·ҲҶ룬æ͹Źּڡ
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ϾŹֶ̬Ⱥܲ
Σ˵лл⼸꣬һֱտżҸĸ·ĻŹֱվӣѹһЦϿҵ·
ҵҵһˣ·ٴλˣæ֡
ǺǣмŵҩӦöаҲҵһ⡣ŹȴܶԷֱ̬ȡһƿҩ·
󣬼ԷվЩ֪룬Źתվڴĩ˵λԻ͵Իͣ
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ŴʦִŹǰλԻŹĿŹ֡
ŹЦЦ⣬ȵִִƿȡһŵҩλԻ͡
ŶŹһ߳ģֻλԻͣˣҲȫ˳˿·ûֹλԻŽӹҩͷ˿УҲͬʱһȵֱӾʹӵҩвȻľ

ٴ΢ЦŵһŹɫһ䣬ŭ֮͵ĲȻŭ
һŭȣԭޱȵգ˲ͱޱڵգһӾͳ·ʱֱӴӰ밵ҹһ㣬תļΪͻأ
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ŴƵģк춯صĵһ۵׵磬һɫһ֮УȻ

⡭

һŭȣرɫŹǼһȣȴǵƣֱֱμȫһ󣬸Уһ˿ֵ˼ɫ⣬⡭

Ҳ·ȫ׾ʱһ꣬Ҳ͵ش˲Ͱ˶УЩ꣬ʱȴȫ͵һתۣͷ£˿ûմȾ·ˣһ£μһΣ
ȵ𾪣ֱӾͺ˱ûλԻͣھΪ˲Ϳʼˮһǡ
ԭȻֵֻͨλԻͣڵҩ֮⾳ϴˢ£ֱӾವһ˺һأأء
䡫䡫䡫
ղֻӶŹֵλԻͣ͵۾һڣһƬȻ˼ɫΰɣףȻֲؼ꣬ޱƣ׵磬ڸܵڿֲǵĹλԻٴοŹʱһģȴһƬ֣̿
⣬Ȼģȫǰӣִͳ־ʲôľ磿飿
䡫
һͻƵĸоλԻֱӾͲ˺أȵҩԣһΰ͵Ƶ˺۷壬Żͣ
ҲǵʱĴ꣬ƣ׵磬৵һɢ
λԻͳճյĻعʱһӾͼޱȵĴԭԾ𣬷һϲļУүүҡң۷塭
ۡ
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λԻ͵ļУһӾͰΪղŶŹչһƶ뾪е·˻ѣһǿҵѣУֱӾʹ·ͷ𣬺۷壿
ղŻֵͨλԻͣôƨһ㹦򣬾ͳ˺۷ĸ֣⡭
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һ̣ǸһЦӺηＸͻȻһϢͻ֣̿
찡ЩһУǶԷֶôӣʲôز̸Ц䣬췭ظּ䣬һ֣ͨ۷壿
ǿˣ


267 ڴ
һƬηע£ŹóһƷħԪԾϲλԻ͵
ǡǸֵħԪħԪɢϢλԻ͵˲ͱһΪʲôɲΣڸղżŹһϺȴҿ
СĵĽӹħԪλԻŽŵȥ
Ҳһ̣·ˣҲȫֵĶλԻͣѾִ۷ôôŹֻóĶãȥƺƺа
ѵԻͻ
ܣˣŴʦҲڼǰողôǡŴʦʱȴʵڲ֣ˣ
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⣬ֱӿ·ˣһĶȫܵλԻͳʲô£˿Źһƽʱѹļȴ
䡫
ҲһƬȴУһĺ䶯һµϢֱӾʹλԻڲȻͬһʱ䣬߿֮ϣҲʼһɫϼ⡣

ĸֵĶλԻ㲻ֻһħԪͶˡ
ò˵һĻȴԭȻڽֵ·ˣȫŵһƨɵڵأĶŻǿϢλԻͣôô룬޷ţһУġ

Իĳ֣
̫ˣżӣ

һƬʧУ·ˣٴɨŹֵ񣬾Ͷһ˿Ĥ֮ɫ
ӣʵ̫ˣ֣
ӹɵǣڣҲûΪŹˣԷΪ϶ԶԶԽ硣
л˳ȫ·˵ĺȻԼʧɫȴûӰ쵽λԻͣʱλԻͣȵھĸ˶˷ܵĲҪҲȷ쾳ԺǿԷɵġ
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ɡλԻ͵ߵݣŹȴһЦϣڻɡ
μҵĴлʵʵģμ켸죬죬ǿĲֹԪҲǳһԸ
ҡҡҲŶŹֵĻڵϵ·˲ǺһǼģһӯ˵ղЩҩԣôڡ
ڣΪ̫˷ܣ·Ǿþ
ҲǵλԻͼæԺ·Ŷִ˶Źǰ

Сʱ󣬶Źּˣ뿪μңһֱվ͵μˣŹȴȻһЦ˾Ȼʧԭء
ܵ˼״ȴҲһЦʧ
һΣٳʱѾִ˺ϳ⣬ڽڡ
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ֻڶ;ͣҲֻڲͣôãڻصڽ磬Źµļ֪
ܣ档תͷŷһŹֱӾͳŴȥ
ǣˣ

ڣƷɣ塣
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Ӱһɫȹһˣĵð͹֣һ鶯ޱȵȥˣʱɫϣȴһֱһɵˡ
ˣȥһοţһľңһڣ˸һ˿ۣԴǰŹǴγ֮󣬾Ҳûţһȶúļ٣޲òϳ򣬷ɳ֮⣬ѰӰ
ǣǴ֮󣬾ͨĴҲʧЧˣŵˣ޷ټҲû취
ΪвˣǱŹʩչģֻҪЩû£ҲʾŹְȻ£²Ǻͱˡ
ˣ⼸ÿÿ֮࣬Ҳ̲סҪ߳Ժ￴һζ룬֮һۣͿ˻صߣǡΣչΡ
ǸĻ쵰ƲҲˡ
һƬУȴǺݺݵĵһֵͷȥ
Ҳʱһ΢ͻȻʹӺһ춯ӣͻȻһ٣󣬷⼤תȥֱӾͿһӰһְʯ֮ϣ

ⲻôǣǰһУô
ξһǿ˼ʱͻȻǰ׽ԭأҲʼ˲סĲĵĴ۾ڣҲӿһƬỨ
ô㣿
ˮģߣֱӾؾסӣһŵĵ󣬼ǰˣҲӣְһУ৵һǰȥ
쵰㵽ȥˣһΪҲˡ쵰
һڶŹֻУҲ̲ס˼ԹֱӾıʧ
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ʩչʿʩڸԶȴĸܵԷĴڡ
ֻ˲䣬ЩʿֱӾһȫ״̬жݳ
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ʦҸܵʦϢˣ
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ʿֱӾޱȵļУɶݣһʿĶҲ̾ʿƷˣ
ˣǰʦΪʲôʧΪǣ
Ϊǵֵʿ֣Ϊ˱ǵϣ
ΪǵİȫʦϧգֻǿУֱӾʿ£һϴƻ𣬸ǿҵķߺԼΪ̫ͣﲻκæ
ȵŹʧʿµŭҲԽԽǿң˼ǲ߲ݣƴֻΪгһգȵʦعʱһǿС
ǣһʧ꣬ʿȻҹҹػڴ⣬Ҳȫʱ޿̣ŶŹֵĻع飬ڣڵȵһ̣ʿ˲䣬ͼ档
ģһƬƬٵĶУһʿͿٵִ˴⣬Ŀ⣬ӵһӰʱŸֽԭء
ʦˡ
ʦ𡭡

еļڻһŨŨĵˣ˲ȥ۽ǵˮֻޱȵǰĶŹ֡


268 ʱ䣬һ
ˡԴʿĻŹֻῪڣ󣬾һһȥЩÿһָܹ㣬Ҳȫϲ֮Ⱦл˵ÿһˣϤ
Զ۬ߡ
һȥŹֱӾͷ֣˵ΪȫͻǣÿĳˣԷ̾ͻһıֱӣޱȵŶŹֻ֣ǻŹһ΢ĵͷԷҲἤӯ
һȥŹֵߣȴ䵽իhϡ
իhһϮȹȥˣ࣬ʱɢһ˵ζò˵ʱիhǰȣȴҲ˲١
ȼŹֿʱիhֱӾҲ̲סϸȴϲһ˫ڣһƬϲ
ڣիhŴʱĶŹ֣źУԾһƬϲɫͺãֻҪһжҪˡȻҲϣʱͶŹֽӵһģһ˿ζȴѳױϲѹ¡
ˣ˶ȻȥɣʦܣǼ¡صĳիh˵ͷ¶һ˿΢ЦŹٴοڡ
ҲĿڣԭ󷽵ľҴţһλȻԪӡͨˣֱӾʹӾ߳վڶŹ
˵ĳ֣ûƷˣȫ͵һǼ˶ԶŹһģ󣬵ҲЩȻˣˣˣҲǺڻƷɵĴ󲿷ʿһŹֵ˸Ⱦ
Ȼ˼ԪӤ֪²ֱӾҲἤ档
Ȼ֮ˣŷ׷ɢȥֻԶիh۬ͺĸڳϡ
µիhԶȣҲȫڣᵤڡʵǰȣΪ޴ı仯
ʦܣȰһԪ˵סٵߡٴɨ˼һۣŹ§һº򣬶ЦһֱӾʧԭء
ڣҲǸһիhȵʵˡ
Զ۬Լֻ㣬üͨħԪ򣬵իhͺ򣬾ͲֻǶôˡ
ȻŮʱڵҩʲôģ˼ǿĿԣǣŹȴи֮ģֻҪóԭҺöŮٲͣո֮ڵĸǾͲֹǿԪҲˮǴߡ
һĸ֮ģǴֻһ̤ԪӤڵӴϡ
ҲڶŹִź򣬳ʱһӾ͵شѣ΢ϸĶŶŹֿһ£Сĵؼҿ
˵ң£ҲǣҵĳתˣֻǼ뿪ڽѣڸղţոռŹֺ̫һʱҲûǷ룬ڣڻع񣬸֪ԼʱؼҲ̲סµ˼޲ֱӾͷףһĸ
ҲĻŹһ㶣ԼͿɲǣǸոմϼҳ򡭡һ뵽Źȴ־ÿǷģҲʵڲ١
ֻһ仰ҪԼߣҲʲôûʣ͸Լˣּ޼漦޹湷̬ȫƾáĿǣȴʵ̫ˡ
ãؼҡԽԽΣŹֵӦʱѹʵͷͺؼҿ
ȴ룬⻰һ꣬ȴͻȻͺ͵ķס˶Ź֣е£ҺǣϲˣҪһȥ
ĻȴԽԽᣬļţò˵ЩݣȴöŹЩȻĸϲܣȻ֮ڿһĽźڴŨŨʱȻʧЦƺֻٺԼ룬ôһŵĽڡ
Цʲô˵ʵò׵Ž꣬ڵŶŹֵĻشȴû뵽һ̧ۣͿһЦ⣬͵һգյģҲʵڿˡ
ֻǣŰƳŹʱȴ͵ľ͸еǰһڣһŴ죬ֱӾͺӣ

һ˲䣬£־ΥٴӿۺҸУûκοܣֻ޳ֱۣӱ§˶Ź֡
һǣֱŹֲ˿ʱŸȻֹ󣬶Źֲ͵̧ͷźЦˡ
ѽ
һ仰ֱӾúٴߺݺݰһۣŶ
Ҳͬʱիh۬ҲڵԺ󣬼ȫǰվ࣬ŶŹֿڡ
۬ʦãʦܣȥһЦŹȡƷħԪˡ
ƷѪɷħԪɢѪɷ֮ԱħԪҪĶ࣬ȴɶʿû̫˺
⼸Ƚ׽ˣŹȻҪѡһЩħԪС
۬ͺڸܵħԪɢ֮󣬵Ҳ΢΢һ£Ƕ˵˹ȥ󣬾ӶŹֵָʾħԪ
ҲֻǶ̶Ƭ̣Ϣʹڷ
򣿣
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˴ʱҲ˽˺ͶйصˣϾڵߣһζ򣬶˽֮Ǹ֪жûʿ֮䣬Ŷôֲʵ࣬Щ˼ʱ޿̲Ŷ򣬵ȴչѰȴû뵽ھΪĶ˾Ȼȫ˶
һ˲䣬۬ٴοŹֵɫͳ˳׵ĸм
ʵҲĺ뷢ĵĽжŹһʦ𣬲һλƷɵУⱲȴǶŹԼġ
ʦ֣лл
ȫʣ۬ŷ׷׶ŶŹֵ
ǺǣȥĹ꣬úһ¸֮ٴһЦŹ£Ҳһ󼤶ƷħԪƷģǷ֮۬ٶȣȫѵõƷ
󣬼ĸһ˲һ£ٴεƬ̣ԶԪˣϹʱһõһƷħԪԶһΣľȻǺͶŹһϲ֮⣬ҲһСջ
ԶҲºڣֻʣºիhˡ
ĿһիhŹիhվһЦŵʦãҪʲôĸ
ʲôĸŹϣڻƷǾʱ䣬
£ҲÿѡһȻóԭҺŮúȵƷֱӶﵽ۷壬ҲֻԪӤµǿԪӤڣĲ࣬ŮԺܲԪӤڣֻܿԼ컯ˡ
ֻˣҲĲˣǣһ֮һʱ֮ǶǵİȫҲȷһּǿı֤
ټһֿռ䣬һֻأһ𣬾һ磡


269 ̬ǿ̬
ʲôĸղŵһĻԶˣڶŹóֵĶ󣬾ͺܿ˶ȻҲŮУʵ˵ֱڣҲ𾪵Щ֪˵ʲôء
ϾҲһֱһֱڴŶ򣬸ежû֮ľ޴࣬ҲΪˣǲŸ˶Ѷȡ
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һͣȴһŮ׽ԭأþã޷
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270 ˭˭ı
ʦ֣ˣһ·УҲֻƬ̣͵ִڽڵĴȺ⣬ǰǹԵ󷨲Ϣǣȴ͵ؾ¶һ˿Ц
󣬵ȷȫʢʱڣҪƽҲвС鷳ֻڣǧ겻ͣЪģҪǰ󷨣׾٣ŰЦʿǣҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
Ϊڣͨ󷨵ʿʿҲȷ԰ʱ
Ц֮ɢǿʼǰĴȺҲֻʮӺʿһۣЦ
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Σỹһϲɫģ͸ȥһ󼲷ɣ˺ܿ͵ִǰڿʱɽǰ
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ϾͨкҪ죬ЩԪӤڲ⼸ڣԪӤʿͶŹǸ̬ȫٵһһƣ
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ԶŹ׼֣ͨ͵ͣҲֱֱ˶Էһֻ֪ҪһӲԪͻʧЧǲ֪ʲô顭
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һΣῴŹֵ񣬾ͳ


271 ᣬߺ
԰һϷʺ֮ɫŹȴҲһЦУ˳Ū
⸱飬кȴ͵һ٣ŪѵһֶвԪӤʿܣǿǿֶҲֻԪ磬ңûв
˼һỹ͵ѹ˶вֱӾ͵ԪڵĽ֮ǿѹŹ֡
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ѵǸ̬յǵ͹

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ٶԪ磬֮ͨ󣬶ŹһЦֱӾ˳֮뿪ͨ硣
ҲͬʱУһͨ磬ֱӾ˲Զʿ
һ죬ʿԹͨ磬Ҳܿͱһͨ磬ʹԷʧС
ˣҪҪǳ֣ڰʿͨʱԪˣȴǸһ˷ܵĳ˶Ź󣬿ڷʡ
ԪˣɶŹְѴȺڵĹ֮ǣҲ޷˿ٵĵִ
սپһƷԪ磬һƷԪ硣ЦһŹһָңʾˡ
ǣˣ໥һۣԪӣ˷ܵķڵͨ磬ֱֱͨʿڵͨ硣
ӵԪԪӤڣԸʧȥԪԪӤǰʿ˿ɡ
Ͱ֮ĶԹһ˽⣬˵ûһҲֻ֮ûֻ֮ڡ΢΢˼һŹŲٹֱŻƷڷȥ

СʱڣһµĶϢիhͺҲͨʱ֮Ŀ飬ϳ˵ĸ֮һ
Ʒիhͺ򣬶һľϲĶӵƷƷǰŮЩš
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ҲڽϳǺ˲ɶŹֳ棬һ׼򵥵ļŮװһƵ꿪˿ͷú滻׵ķΡ
ˣ㿴ô׼ڣ󣬺Ż߳ŶŹֵ
ʱһ°ɫխһ򵥵ĺɫȹɫĸ߸ЬһͷںڵĳԺ󣬵ȷƼ˼򵥵ĶOLװ
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ǰߣŮ˳ֳһָ̬ԶԶȥָ߹󣬵ִװȴԵ
ǣŹֶһ̣ЩɣԼǲĳã·ôƷװʱµļ¶ҲƺЩǿҡ
źһ˫޳Բȫ©ڿеȣŹֻ̲סһ¿ˮ޳ϣĶȹһ΢΢̵Σӯӯһյи߸͹ǰء
ŹͻȻ֣Լ·ҲƺЩխˡ
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΢˼£ָֹֻ֣ӣֻ̳һ΢˫ճտŶŹ֡
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ڵڵļԶǶŹ£һͷ
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˵ԶİԼӸĴ¶ԷڵʱϻûŹˣԷ£ҲΪ˰ʵϣȷİ
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ҲŶŹֵķ㶣ԭȴ͵ľԳһ˿ţ󣬾һȻʧܿ죬Щֽһ˿͸ԵĺΡ
ҡҪ㡫
󣬺ֱӾ͵ţڶŹֶߣϸͬʱһ֣һֱֻӰڶŹץͦصĴϣһֻǴžҵĲ˶Źֵ¿ڣֱֱץһȵᲦŪ


272 ţǰ
һܺ
һڨڨ֮ɫĶŹ֣ŴĹĵĺ뿪Ƶ꣬źϼҸȥ
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ԣ¶Źϴһһʧûţų׹ԼһУʱ˼Ϊֲĺ
죬ûһ˿´ֻǱǿɶˣȥڣҪ֪޵ֻԪﵽᵤԪӤڣʸƣû̫һʼЩܲסǿֲĺʼģ֪ǣҲΪģŸöŹѹ¶۵Ӵһʰ
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н֮չƷ򣬺Ʒ֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
΢΢˼һŹһЦֱӾͻźˣ
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ȡŹɫֱһڣβѵĽԭء
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쵰ƭң
ʧĿУȴֻһ䣬ŭ˼Ľ⣬һˬʵĴЦ
ʱ䣬Źַ˺ôú򳹵״ŭ⡣
ĵִμʱһ·ϵ⣬ȴֽ˾нͽš
󣬺򣬻ǿѹŽӵ˼ÿ˴ţŹ֣ҲֻӲͷƤš
һΣȴĽţнûһ˿١
ûгԤϣ͸ĸոտʼʱΣҲʮָˣŹµھΣҲԽԽߣһöԷʧô꣬ȫĴ
Ϊź뿪һأؼңȴû뵽һߣꡣ
ŹֵھΣܿͻǱ
󣬺θĸ˵ԼһʮĹԹŮǸǰСʧ֮󣬲ͼɨˡ
Щ꣬ǻΪŮѾˣҲûлˣҪ֪ҲǵĶŮǺΨһľأ󣬵ȶ֮󣬶ԶŹֵķߺޣжôǿҡ
ֻȶŹʩֶΣԷʾߵҲǸȥ֮·Ժ󣬺θĸı飬ǲһ죬𽥽ֲ˼ʵ
󣬺θĸŹֵ񣬾Զһ˿ηͻ֣̿ʲôЦǼǰȻɨɣһЩϾЩѣĳ嶯
ϾҲũˣԿѧУһ˵ȴ
Ҳεļϲ
Ϊ˸ĸߣŮǣĪŮ޵ĲãԿѣڿɺãǵŮҲǼ޵ĳϵţȻ޸һɣ
ڶŹóļ񣬸ûѺθĸֱſ£һɵ
ÿŹһ˵ʱı飬ɾЩЦ
ٵĵҩҲθĸҪǾǸΣϾԷŮһʧ꣬ûһţҲ˲ٵ˼尾˲ٰ׵ȤڣһЩʱ䲹Ҳǡ
ҲǵʱθĸԶŹ׼ŮԽԽ⣬дһ˿нģЩ
ŹֵҲ˶ϣЩ£ŮĶȻæͷ
֮󣬶ŹںμҴ죬ִź򷵻˶ׯϴĸĸҲǲֹһʲôģȥҲǳ˶ϵԸ
ڣһȥθĸҲһȥˣĸ֮յҲԤϵǢŹֵĸĸźҲǼΪ⡣
ڶŹֺͺĽ£ˣȫƾӵ˺ϳǣھӡ
μһտԪӤǲ³κ⣬˲ϰߴеһ㣬ҲǴ⡣
μӴĲУҲܿٳһ龻ʱμңԶŹֵ£ҲԵˡ
˿ֵ֣ʶŹּ䣬γ˽λ֣ʹμҽʮˣ˲꣬ΪҲſŵĽȣŹμ£ѽһĴڣ£Ļܲģ
Щ֮󣬶Źڼ˸ĸպִź򷵻ڣڣֻǸոնʱ֮ʵܵ΢ųԭҺĸңͿԽֻһγʱԪĳ̶ȣһʱںף
ʱԵģȥո֮ģҲǳڰȫǡ
һΣ˵ȥˣҲû˷ֻǰⲻöעⰲȫףǱʲôġ
ŹȴǼǵúÿ⣬úֺյİҧгݺðΡ
ִں󣬺ڣիhһ𣬼ƷǿʵŹһ߿ʼħԪ߷ߵĸһɽ⣬²ûɽ
̺͹ĴػǵĲƬı󣬾һΣɽڣбԪӤҲԿ֧ŲʱգΪ˱Źֻ÷
սޱУսޣΪɽޣսޣֻһǾںɽһ˺İȫ£ԶΥիh
ˣһŹҲ˸ɵʵʵı仯
ԪӤڣսޣֻҪիhͺʵҲΪֲĳ̶ȣټϻɽǳǶɽʿǰ򣬾Ǿ԰ȫ
Ҳһ֮󣬶ŹֲŰĿֱָ꣬ţʱڣֻʣĸԪӤʿֻһھ磬ԣв󣬱Ͼһٶͨ磬ɵĵĲƬԪӤ棬ֻҪԷ֣Ǳ
ڵ뿪ʱҲѡһƫƧ֮أһǼʴΪԷһŹָǼʴ֮⣬ҲһػǸı󣬸±ƻ
֮ĶԹǸһ׵˶ˣɣһղͺевʦЩˣҪһʱȥɳһ˿⣬ŹӵȣڵӦǼʴ


273 ſ

ż죬ǣһܶȺڣĵӰֱӾͳ˵أǶŹ֡ӡԪͨˡ
ִǺ󣬶ŹҲܿ¶Ŀ꣬ǾǻһʵȻΧұǳ
ΧұǣҲ̵ĴӪ
ʵȴǶŹΪԷһʵֶΣĪսޱ
Ϊˣ˿ڣҪһЩƷħԪ
˶ԴҲĸԸϾڱŹÿٿ֮󣬶ԷȫʱǵһУԷȴֻǿڣÿҪǧħԪСĿҲ˷ϡ
ڣǶڶԷҪ٣һ˿мֱӾÿóһħԪöŹսޡ
ŹֵĿ꣬ʮͷսޣʮԪӤڵսޣټϼˣ㹻֤ʿ治һ˿ˡ
ʮͷ㹻ˣٶˣҲ˷ħԪ£ָһ˿âŹ£ҲʼһŵǿһԷǰߣǿɾͲˡ
Ȼͨ磬ԪӤ棬һɱûڵһʱ䣬ԪӤͨ磬öԷڼʶͨĿֱֲݣǾͲˡ
ɲ֮أǰڣͿ׽ӴϵԷߣŻҲΪСԣŹֱҪһԲ߲С

Χұǡ
ӴΧұǣһŨΪԪӤסΧұǣ˵ͨˣʿûһΪԼһĵλҲûеӣ̤Χұǰ벿
ΧұǣҲֻһУ[ǣȴһӴһ̶ֲȵĳǳأռ˿ڵϣһϵȹұйĽ
еʿڽ[ǳǾסΪ١
ҲȷۼᵤʿԼǧӵиʿ
Ӵĳǳ룬ΰĵãԪӤľס֮ڵĽ[ǣȴڳģ޽ŵá
ΪڵţѾ˵档
⣬ʿĽҫҲʷʢʱڣԪӤ棬ѹ¾ںһͷƺŽΪĵһɲʿ˷ܡ
һڽͷʿҲһϲģ
ֻ죬ڽ[УǼڣգȴ΢΢Щء
Ĵڣһĺߣŵļᣬ࣬ŴľϣβʿȴԪӤ档
Ҳ࣬ϼɫεʿֻڵϼɫʿ󷽣վһһŮꡣ
ʱòŮӣ˧꣬һĽţʱ˴߽ӣӶԷУһ˿ǡ
ǶŹڴˣ²һ۾ͻϳһŮǵڻɽڣιȥܡ
Ц˵£һǰڰǣ㱻ʿնɱʦڻ˵Ҳڰǣʧ֣ѲɣȫǾնɱɣҲΪ׵ʿļֱЦһһĲм
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۫׳ǽˮ˰ɣɣǰڰǣʧʿֹǧǰҲκ˹ʣΪ£ھȻţҪһǰ׳ղɣ
²ǶԷĿģֻ¶ѣһֶ֪һԪӤ棬󣬲¶˵ģǣô֪ڣʿڣУ£ôûһţ
Σļỹһʢŭ˲ڣĸԪӤ棬ҲɶԷģֻҪŹΣ˻ع飬ʱһҪһѰơ
ѲɻΪڴ˴ǰǶϷǹ޷һ١Цһ۫ȴɱʢ
ʵ˵һΣ治Ϊܵյͷģļ˵ʵʧʿֹǧΪ֣ʵ
Ϊģֻǲ̽һ£֪֪Ǽ˵䣡
ܵգȻڰһԪӤ棬һԪӤū͵ǿʿϢ˻ع֮һֱӾھڲһƬκˡ
ǿԪӤڰһӳİԪӤڣһǿᣬԪӤū͵ǿʿ
ԪӤūͣԪӤ۷壬ڣǶɽڡԪӤԪӤ£ôɽڶԪӤڣһĲࡣ
Ϣôܲ𺳣
ˣȴҲЩģǣĳ棬ط鿴һܵļ󣬾ûٻˡ
ڼУԷƶɽڵǿߣƺйڡ
⣬Ȼþˣ˷ܣЩ
ǣˣӿɾˣǣǶԷ֮˳̲Ǿں񹬣ˡ
һ棬ǲ˿춯һֱڵȣǼͻȻðǿ߳֡
ǣֱһ󣬶Էݶûðһͺ񳹵ʧһʵЩɻͲ
ֱǲ̲סǰ̽龿
ҲԣǼˣȻɱһЩʿҲֻΪЩʿ۵ķǿͷл
һһˣǺг𣬶йֻ㡣
֮󣬼ֱ۫һ۾֪ǼٵĵĽڣ̽Է𰲶ǣһǰöԷûȡ֣ˣĺϵǶԷڼ֮£ܾͻ¶һЩߡ
ȴû뵽ڣҲʲôû
Σ۫ǾӦüӰѾǿһЩԷôѡӲӲ
ӲӲ˵ˣԺûԹȻԷôǿУŷ۫Ҳˡ
Ҳż۫Ļڵգһʱͱý
ԪӤ棬ͷƣҲǿԷ츲ء
ҲҪͷһʵȴֱӣʹӵ⣬͵
ļᣡ磡գ
ʡᶨȴֳɱޱȵֱӾôڣ˶һͣ󣬺ļˣ͵ľʹԭվһϣһƬȻ˭˭ô󵨣
ȻΧұǣֱԪӤ䣬Ҫǳȥ
⣬ˣɵˣԪӤ£ȴ͵ľһױȵıŭ
ʲôЦԪӤͳһ꣬һԺյһڣȻ˸ŵĴӪڣֻͿŵ£ⲻڵ˵棬صȥȼԪӤĶ⣡

һ࣬۫ˣҲȫһƬȻ
Ҳ޷ţȻˣֻƵĺͿŵ£ò˵Ȼ֮󣬼۫ȣȴ͵ľʲô󣬼ϣֳһ˿޵ս
ǣǼˣ
ǣ벻˭˲˰Ե
ԷȻſ˰Ե£ҲͱʾŶԷг˵ʵ⣬ֻԪӤ棬ǲģҲ˵ǸԪӤڶʹӵʿǶɽô
ɽڡ
һɽڣ۫ȣȫһƬ޵Ĳ

ڴͬʱ
ļᣡ磡գ
һ䣬ͷĻҲȶģ[ǣֻһ˲䣬[ǣȫһƬԵš
ʿһ˲䣬УţǸղһ仰Ǿ仰ԾڲסƮ⣬Ҳʵ޷ɡ

֮[ǣ׺䶯ˡ
˭⵽˭
Ȼſĵڽ[ǣһ仰


274 ŵĸϣ

ŭУļԪӤ棬ȴŭЦȫڴЦУҲ˲þˣݳ
ЦǾڡ񹬣ˣҲûֻĵֱСеģҪǳȥΪһ裬仹ŴӪ
˵ֱӵڰŵϣĲ˽£Ϊһ仰֮˾˭˫Ѿ˲ݵľ棡
Ҳںļ˷ɳ֮̾Ϳ˵⣬׸߿֮ϵӰ
Ӱȴˣһޣ
ˣˣϢ˿ںļᣬԪӤڣһˣǽŲֲֻİͷϢֻγ˰׸磬ֻһ̤ڵĴʦ۷壬һޣȴһȥһͷŭԳͨɫ߰ף̤ƣһԺȣֵж˺ϱֱֻǰˣļף߳ɢŨ⣬һ˶ͷȴֻһֻĿǰУһѪڣʱơ
һֻޣɢϢȻҲ˿ԪӤǰڣ
֪󱲣·Ҵһ۶ԷݣļֱӾͷ첨ԪӤڣһԪӤǰڵޣǿĶ֣ǴðģΣ̳ŭЦ
ԷʵȷˣɼȻѾŵĲ˽£һУֻѪϴˢˡ
ȻԺţԻڣɨأ󳬼Ҳ̧ͷ
ʱԷȻԪӤڣһԪӤǰڣĸҲһԪӤڣԪӤǰڣ϶ԷҲʲôϾԪӤԪӤ£Ȼ˵Ĳ࣬ͬԪӤڣȴرǰڶһڣԲ١
ڣԪӤڵĴսһʱᣬܽģսУȵǰİʿǰһޣ;Իɣ
ǰȥҲһˣֻҪ£ٲ´󣬺ܷܿء
ԣֻҪǰ˼죬ǽٲˡ˴˶һۣļУһ˿֮ɫ
ȻǼˣҲһ˿ɻΪʲô⼸ͻȻðǿߣ֪ʱİʿڣ
ԷȻ֪ǵ֣ȻǶ˵飬ûἰʿ˵䣬Ȼ֪ǲڡ
Ȼɻ󣬺ļἸˣȴ˿ûлɣѾɣҪ֪ǵٿܣˣû֪̫ͨգȥ˵
Ҫ˵⼸ˣڵ˰˺ģǻǴǶţЦôԪӤ棬ŰɱʱԷɻԪӤڵİô
ҲżȻǲǺ;һģܣǾôһͶˣﻹֵõƽ£
ڣڡԪӤ棬ܺķΪйͬĿ꣬Ǿڵڵ
ûһɣܴڵǶ֪뿪ҪԪӤʿУ⣬ʹɣڿڵ֮ǰɷĴͻ
¸ղžˣǺǽţ˭֪ԪӤʿƴһˡ
󣬺ļἸˣƳ˺һۣͬһʱ䣬ɱʢ
⣬ҲǶŹҪЧƾһ[ǵĴȣڣԪӤע⣬úͶԷƾеݣǾֻҪѪսϵ˻ع飬аճǡ
ʵϣֻҪĸԪӤ棬ʩչԪ磬ôӣԪͻͬʱͷųͨ磬ѶԷˣȫʧȥԪ磬ȻڰĶͨսޱеֻսޣͻȫ
ȻֱӾʹԪӤڣʮֻսΧˣǶԷ϶ǵͷӡ
ȻӣҲкܴգöԷѣϾǶԷӪϳ˭֪Щڣûͨʲôġ
źļŭЦŹȴҲЦ
ҲʱΧǰ󣬶Ľ[ʿҲ׷׳Ŵǰʿȴû˸ҿֻԶԶʮ֮⣬ѵΧ
ʿǰſڶԳֵˣ¶һκˡ
ԪӤڵϢ
Ǿ컰ģȻԪӤʿ
ڿԷֻԪӤڣȴԪӤʿȻһ󣬾ͻĶǰһƾеĴսô
Ȼǰսܻ֮Σʿ£ҲԺļ棬˼ģϾǻԪӤûлֻҪȵ˻ع飬ԪӤڣˣ

ֹʿͬһʱ䣬Ժ󷽵óλãҲðߵӰǼ۫ˡ
۫ˣһۼŹ˺ȫУ͵¶һ˿ȻǸԺԪӤļһֻǣڿŹֽһֻɢſԪӤϢս޺󣬼۫ȴһͣһֻޣǴģ
ԪӤڵޣ
һۼˣ۫£ȴ͵һƬ𾪡
ôֱֱڵأײŰ벽
ֻȸӦŹֻǴʦ۷Ϣ󣬼£ȴ͵һɻ󣬴ʦôܣ˿ܺԪӤʿΪʹӵģôǴʦϣ
ѵϢ
϶һ鷳ˡ
ԪӤʹӣȴֻڳƾеģ϶Ǵ˾ɱ˵˼
˴˶һۣ۫ԪӤ棬ӱ˴У˶Է˼Ȼ󣬼£ȴֱһƬĲô˵ŶǾһƬĳɣŵĸǰ£ܲ
󣬼۫ˣȫɴ۾׼ۿһѵõĴս
˻˲ʵǰˣҲʵǿᣬһսض֮ģǣǶɽڡ

ҵҪģ˭Ҳھ߳󣬺ļڼ۫ˣȻֻڵڣ˲ֵ̬¸Ǽᶨǰ˼⼸ͻȻðļһ;޹ء
һŭХļľԪ磬ֱӾͲȻֱֱǰӣȥͬһʱ䣬棬ҲǸԼԼԪ磬ϮԪ
һ棬ȴǼдԪ磬ݺײֻսޡ
Ķ
ֻҪϼʱ䣬Ȱʿع飬ԪӤڣͱ
ҲںļˣıĹǰʮ⣬ʿҲڵһʱ䣬ȫ˷ѵһԪӤڴսôԪӤʿĽսκ˷ˡ
Ǽ۫ȣҲȫ׼һýȥľսۡ
ҲʱһĨЦȴֱӾʹӶŹ֡ӡԪͬʱ
ԪӤ֮Ĵսȷٶʱڷֳʤڣע˾ͲԪӤڵս
ಣһĵͨ磬ֱӾЦУֱֱֱǰĸȵԪڡ

һ˲䣬ļľԪ磬ֱӾͱ˹ĻԪ硣


275 ŵĸ£
磬ԹԪ磬һ̻Ű˲գۼͱ˳ⱩŰ׵磬еҲһ˲䣬ױ׵磬ɢ
յҲԹԪ磬һԪ磬Ҳ˲˳ͨ硣
գǱϲͨ磬Ҳ˲ϢıĶʧԹԪ硣ڣ⼸ҵģҲǻĪϲ֮Թ֮߳һβ˵䱾֮ͨڣ鲼ϲ֮󣬻ֱӾͷ֣ԼʷΣֹԪ˲ʧڳӯĸҲⲿϲ֮ѹ£ʼ˼ı

еһУ˲Ϣ֮ɣһ̣ԪӤ棬˲󣬾ʧȥԪ磬һĻ̾öڵſڵļ۫ˣó׻ɢ
ཻôã᲻֪żӵеʲôԪ磿
ڣ⣬׷Բ磬ȫģûһ˿ľ֮Թ֮˶˲䳹׹ǼˣʧȥԼԪ磡
ǣԪӤڣǶʧԪ磿ǻԪӤô
ɽ١
Ƕɽ٣˸ı˭ʧȥԪ磿
ֻǣ˵жɽƺֻܰѱ˵Ԫ򣬸ĳԼȻô
ǱϾֻ˵˭Ҳûɽʿ

ȫһ˿˿۫ˣٴŹֵȫԵη
ò˵۫ȵηͿֻŲͬԶʮΧ۵ʿʱȫ˲䣬˵
ô£
ôԪ磬ͻȻӣ
һ˿ͣҲֻǳһ˲䣬ͱ޾Ŀֻź;档
ǵģͨȻɶŹȽˣһ䣬ʱżԪӤԪ磬ȴ赲ס۫ȵߣûпֻܰһлɣȫ˱ǶɽڵĶŹϡ

໡
Ҳڼ۫ηʱڰĶֱͨӾͳЦŷ𣬼дȵԪ磬һֱֱ
ͬһʱ䣬ŹֵսޱڣҲಷɳֻӴսޣԭͷһ𣬲Ŵ޾ĸ߿֮ϣʮֻɢԪӤϢÿһֻй׵ӴֵͣսޣһɢĿֲϢȴڵһʱ䣬Χʿȫǰһڣ㱻
ԪӤڡô࡭
ô

һ֮ļУҲ˲󣬾͸Ⱦ˼۫ˣǰŶԪӤʿһţɲʮֻսޡ
ǸһֱվڵһֻսͷּԴԪӤʿԪĶɽǿߡ
ǾڴʱԪӤ涼ôһС۫Ȼ˲͸еһϢѹǲҲιȥ
⡭ǵʵ
ҪһǣҲ׾١

׶ҰԪӤ棬ֱӾ;˫ЩģôֲһǴðģ

˵ķӦʱڶŹˣȴȫһ˷ܣ£һǿҵļ
ǵˣͨ£ʧȥԪ󣬱Źĥ˾޴ӰԵϴΣʿҲͨʧȥԪδ֪صĿ־壬ԪӤԪʱŻ޴룬ֱӾ˸еͳ˺ôһ
ǰ
ŹǸ̬һʿô޶˶ܵǳ½һȥǣףΪźģ
ݺ󣬾Ȼʱڱһ֮ЧڣǸ޷ԶŹһ˿ߺ޵ԹȻͻ⵽Ʋã⣬ֱӾüԪӤ棬еԹޣʿϡ
ǵ֪ڣǿ󣬸ǼЩӯǲֹǱƶŹִֵǳ½һѧִĹȥĥǰ
׷ݵ󣬾ȻȫΪţڵľԪӤ棬һţЩ˫ͨ죬ֱ޲ðʿȫ£¾һգͷǿԹ֮
ҲԣżϹ֣ȫͨĨԪˣͳ׼
ˣҪǳô
ò˵˷ܵĽټˣĽӯı飬Źֵһʱ䣬΢΢ˡ
⼸һôֵıУ
ΣʱԪӤ棬һûܣȫͨڣڣ˿Ҫ˼ʲôˣ˵ͷˣ˷ܵһͨ硣
ڶŹ֣ô򵥵ģվͨ⣬ʮֻɢſֲϢսޣͨڣǼʿ˭ܼݳʮֻս޵ΧˣҲ

ҲһƬע£ӰܿʹӵһͨУ͵Ķݳ
ˣҲҵѾļնɱأĴָɳֱ֮һȸԾĿڣļԪ磬ת˻ͨ磬еģܼ˼Ļ֮ӣӵеľǻԪ磬һУ绢Хɽ֣ӥհ㳩졣
ǳͨʱļλãԶԶڵԪ磬ԪʿܷӵĶ٣ǼΪŵġ
ͱŹֻ֣ǽᵤڣΪӵиֿռ֮ĸڸֿռеٶȾ˿ԪӤڣԪӤʿͨеĿֲˡ
ԣûԪأԪͶֱͨӾԿֲٶȣִͨĺļ࣬ٻɱ
ԪӤڣԪ͸ԻķΧɱһʧȥԪԪӤʿǶΧɱһ洦Ҳʵûһ˿
ãŹּ״Ҳû˿죬ֻֽӹ˴ָһ˷ܵģ˵ڶͨ硣
ڶͨ磬׵ͨ磬УԪģ׵Ԫ硣
ڵͨ磬ȴͨӵеģȴԪ磡
ĸͨ磬ȻʿûߣΪͶԹ֮мǿĿԣûȥɱҲеĻձˡ

ţˣǰһŲеʮֻԪӤսޣԼ߸ϵӣ۫Ҳ̲ס͵ľʹһ£Ǻݺһ¿ˮ
˫УҲڵһ˿塣
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һ̣۫ձߣûǸǰȥԷʾһ⣿ûǸֻľվȺ򣬵ӴżʿٶǷ䡣
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ӵ󣬾ͷ·һεĴɽֱֱѹѹϢЩϢеģֻ޾ĿֻźجΡ

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һ棬ԭʮΧۣԺļȳĵʿѱǰս˵ӡ
ڣǸսɱһԪӤʿɱ
Ҫ֪ԪӤڶǶԣ񰡣ǰӣȻ񶼿ɱǶǣ
Ҳ֪˭͵ĺһʿڻ֮͵ľͿʼ˷һӡУһ߸վͷӰҲ֮ȥجһ㣬ˣһ;ŵĻ
ˣ˭ô˿ֲȻԪӤ𣬶ɱǣֱе鰡ڣȴһҪľ񰡣


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ΧսʿҪӣŹȴŭһֱգһƬָֻսޣǰ

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ŵĴӪģ˵߳ϣŵĸ߲;ӢȻѾŵ˲ݵľ棬ŹȻ޴ϧЩʿһ
Ͳʴȣ޴ˣ
ҲֻսޣԿֲٶȶȺ󣬵ֱӾһƬƬֵļУʿȫƴĻӶԼķֻ޻ȥ
ÿһֻսޣͬһʱ䣬⵽˲ǧĹɱǣڿԪӤǰڵֹû˿ˣֻ洦
ЦսޣҪֶξɣһǿǱЩʹܴﻹԪӤڶɵʸ
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ӲŽķɱֻޣȫһ˲䣬ٴŭһֱֱʿķӣ͵ľǴһȦ˵ǰս޵ֻаףɺâҲֻ׳չһ޵ֱӾչһ룬ɺâ䳤һ

ڹ⣬˲仮ܼȺ̨һ㣬֮ࡢ[ԭĽȫĥ𣬲һ˿ۼ
ڹ⣬͵ľһ٣ٴκޱȵĳȺ

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⾿ʲô

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ò˵Դû˿̵ģֹǶŹ֣һֱڴڴľڼˣҲȫϣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ӸղǾ仰ǶһЩϢǾǶԷǿѰŵĻֻҪ񣬲ȥǾڵĻһоͶˡ
һ̣۫ǿһϲ֮ɫսսľͷ˶Ź֡
Ҳڷе;УŹ֣ԼֻսޣĸȻͣڵյͨ磬ԽԽ۫µĻֺ̿ͽţҲԽԽӴֱƽʱֻҪһ벻ܱɹε·̣ü۫˽һӣһ·ϣֱӾͱ亹ʪȫ
ҲķУŹֺֻսޣֱӾͺһתͷֻ۫һۣӴѹü۫һʹͷ䡣
ЦǸɽʿּܴݻԪ磬Ȼֻս޺ɱü۫ѹ
ҲǵǰʿսսܾȸһĿģŹעŶԷУ͵¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʱ뵽Լһ죬ԴʦΪһԪӤʿ˴ѹ
ȷǰļֵ۫Ѿߴﾫ589.738.9ԪӤڵǿߣֻսޣȫɢǿҵɱ⣬ҲöԷֵģ
ڣһе״ֻ̬ܹѹ
ǶŹǰĸͨ磬̫Ŀҫۣ
μˣҲΪŹеһ˿Ц⣬͵ü۫׷ſ˼΢΢ЩͣٵڿŹֹޱȵһݣ۫ŵڼ۫лˣһǰȱܡ
ԷЦˣЦ̬۫УҲһ̣·綼һУֱҪ̫ˡ
һɽǿ߿ʲôϵ
⵱ȻûһϵȻģͺñԪӤʿ϶ԪӤΪϣһ̬
ԣԷЦҲνֻҪչ¶ɱ㹻ˡ
һ̣һʼԷллһǰ־µܣҲһܺõĻ⡣
ڣ۫ڴʱ⼤ң¾Ȼ˵ʿܱɽǿִȣȻڣ治֪˵ʲôá
Ǵˣʵ˵̫ˣ
ٴΪܵĸǴοҪˣȲһѣ۫żչ¶ΪϵЦ⣬Źֵˣڴ˴ǰҲΪҪȴû뵽ٴγܼ۫һݣ
԰գ۫æߵݣеںţҲǽԹأֻǰһֱȻҪţˣñԾ
γڵţھڶԣǲѴ֮ϾԪӤʿԼ߳ϵڸ֮ɾ͵Ľᵤںʹʦ֣Ѿʣģֵ
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ϾţͳϽʮ˸ϵֻʮ˸µʿҲ֮ɫˡ
ܽ飬ҲԷɢ˺⡭
ҲǵʱŹֲų׸ǰսսԪӤʿ˼΢΢󣬴һۣеܣҲһǰڰ־µˡ
Ǻãʣµģͽˡ
Ȼڼ۫˵ֹЩɣ⾿Ǽ٣ȴ޹ؽҪˣʣӴƥʿҲеͷأǰҪβȻֵɡ
ֻһɱ¾ôˣЩ̣ɲǼټǧʮ򣬰ʿģǿʮ˸ϵʿŹֱϾԪӤڣûԪӤϵ̬
ü˼һŹֻ̾˿ЩʿԪ׵ʿɱҲɱˣſƵֳǣֻǱȺԼûпʼʿԪģˡ
Ȼ̣ôʿһ죬ðһǿߣܾܿͻٲ֮أЩȻҪϾʿһ޼ɵĿʼʿԪɳٶȣҲǼġв󣬵ʾߵûв
£ҪȥлԶĴϵһˣ˭Ҳ֪һȥǶá
ڣҲδûбȼģһֻһɣ׷ģֻмһ;У¸вٱȦֳǣҲŵʿЩͲҪˡ
Ȼ֣һӵĹȻںŲΪɣҲá
ҲŶŹֵĻֱ۫ӾһȻ˲׹ô޺Ӵ󣬵ĵף¶һ˿ϲԷȻЩ϶Ǿ͸Ǿˡ
ǣˣ۫Իᰴմ˵˼£

һսһһ㣬͵ĴƬһսֹӻּƽԪӤʿԪ磬ȻĨɱһ
ȫʿеһ˿ԵĿ־壬ǿһɰȻ˵𣬾ˣ
˭Ҳ֪ôӷˮȥһɽڹҲûˣԼ۫ӵ򣬾ȫһƬˮ֮Уò˵ЩˮȣҲֻЩʿԣһˣȴֱӾ˲䣬ˣסǸɱ
ЩŵֳϵʿڱŻɽ֮ڲŻʿһʿȴҲǼ༫࣡
ռʿĴ롣
һֵĹȻɣھ˵ȴŹʾõΨһ;۫ԪӤθҲǶԳϵ񹬣Ҳˡ
Цһֱĥţʹʧ⣬ھְͽߣǸҲԾڼԪӤ棬ȴҲʼȫպ;һģʽš
ݱϴУӳɱ֮ҲģǴʼһ㣬ӡʿУһͶ־ֻŵķѣҲмһˣʱ޿̣ڻᣬĵĸл


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Ҳ˵Ҫ̷ҵԼԶĺˣٰռԶҪЯһ¶Է
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УؽҪһǣ֪
ԶµϢ٣١
ҲϸĺϵͼǸûУҲû
ϵϵ֪Ҳһɲĳ̶ȣҪ֪ϵĴֱʮ꣬ȻһԪӤʿȫʱܴﵽ޽ӽٵĳ̶ȣԪӤڵԪһǧ꣬ԪӤȫмʮ̽ϵһֱģ
˵Ҳһֱȫнʮ꣬Ҫĵҩ޷󣡸ûһԪӤڡ
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У׷ĶǶɽ۷壬Լʿһ·زأ·ߣʱ̫պɣʱֱͨ󣬵֪ԼθŹ·ߺǼʵͼ
ڣҲǵڷһûεĴ󣬲ֱӵ˻⣬ְѻĴսڵԴЩԡ
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ڼԶԸУȷӵкϵ󲿷ǼʵͼҲӴֱһҡһڡš
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ԶµģڳλҺŵ֮䣬ΧҲмСɣֿҪ塣
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ԣڻصԺ󣬶Źַʼ˱չء
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ˣҲǼΪ˵ˣϾһƬӵеʿļֱ޷󣬵տһģһʮǳ½һӵħԪ䱦ҲֻʮҪĻԵϡٵһֲĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ𰸣öŹֶЩģϾԼЩģüʮأֻҪγԪ磬ҲԲ١ûʵھȥϵҲʲôҲˡ
ֻǣչغ󣬻ʮӣ֮ƹض
ΪͻȻƷѾﵽӵи֮ģֻһγԪĵزƺֻҪͻƾУʵȴһСˣƷɽƷƷɣ
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ЩɳͶȡɵĵ·ո֮ʱͶȡɸӴһŵĳ̶ȣǡ
չиһһӶһߵ۷ġ
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һ뵽һҪһһĻԵҪʱ⣬γһƷԪ磬ŹֱӾǰһڣѹֵƹض
ԼҲ֪漣ܣһ漣Կ϶ֻչظһ
Ʒ٣治֪ǸǻֲǰӲ˭Ʒһ·Ҳδ̫̬ˣ
ŹֵİһŹֵѹ˸˼ʼֻУŸסĸףк򣬹һЩƽܰӡ
֪չظ֮·߲ͨǾֻȥϵ̽һ̽ˡ
ȥ֮ǰҲҪˣһ׼
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իhҲеĸ֮ģֱγʱ֮ĺ֮ģУƷɵʵҲǴʮһͷսޣԼӵԪӤڡ
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Ҳǵʱھȥϵ̽һ̽һΣȻֻһ̽ǰŹֻǷļΪִһӴĵ


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ڣʱһˣϮɱ⼸˵ĸľ޴󣬿ǰʮ֮⣬ԶԷٶȣֻҪٱоƬ̣;ܵõľ
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ֻҪٷ˲䣬ִܵľˮ̶ȻȡùʹãӦΡ
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ڣԷֵλãƺľڵˮ̶
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ס֣
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˲Ϣ֮ڣǰƬأҲ͵ԾأһƬϤ̡Ƶˮ̶ˮ̶ŵͨ嵭ɫ˿˿ӯСĿĶ
С󷽵ʯϣһĶѨǼǵǾֻĶѨ
ָǣʱСĶѨ֮䣬ľһۣȻ֮ɫĿꣿ
ۡ
ҲڿȻ֮󣬹Ҳ̲סµıŭֱӾڼٵǰУ͵³һѪҲֻ˲䣬ȴ͵ķһʵǾǸղΪ̫ļһʩչٴǿмЧܷӵԡʱʧȥ˶Ŀƣֹͣת򣬾ôӲʿԼľݺײȥ
ͺñͨͺ󣬺һ˲ѹ¾޴Ĺԣֻ΢֮󣬲ſԻָĿơ
ʵȴùٴǰһڣֱӷһУײǰ
ײҲҪײ㣡
лһͷֱӾײ˵ɫľҲͬʱľϣ̾ͱһϸСߣӿ
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ͨһڵڵĲĴͱ͵һŻķϵϣǸ͵׽࣬˿ûݣһžĳͶݲǹͺͺġ
Ŀռ֮Ҳһֶ֮ԺܿͱŸӦ֣ϣһ󣬿ģԭӦһǼʴתǣͨڶֱ͵һصס
⴦صףȴûгڣֻһ󣬵˲ϲһٰͨͨ󣬾ͷִֵһİĶѨڡ
ǸѨص׵ĳڷҲǱȻģϾֱӹϵŻصͨŹָ⵽
һУ˳ǸѨ߳󣬾վǸѨڣС֮䡣
ȻǰǸŭһһ޵ۺɫװŮӣͶݺݵײ˹ŹȻᱻײԣͿײɽײһƬɽʯ
ѵΪҪСôŭȻ䣬ͨһУŹ£Ļһ˿亹£ЩϧúһôǸŮ˸ײˡ


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ҲڶŹֺղʱɽڣٴδһ죬ŮֱӾʹһɫ৵һɳ˶⣬ҧгݵ˶Ź֡
Ҳû˼ֻˡܵԷǿҵԹŹɫ΢΢һɹָָղűŮײϣˮϵİľ
˵ϵĻҲȫǵļԶصݡϾԶҲ֪֮أǻ⣬ԣͺϵһȻǰеõƵʿܰԸҲܲעⷽĶ
ҲŶŹֵĻһ͵һ࿴ȥȿǰľһѵ治һţľ
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һˣڸղųײɽʱǽľԶݿǲ׷ˡûôֻ˵ƺûľ˼
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һеһУȫҵģ
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⣬ȴ˿ûֹƣ˲Ϣǧ֮أԷİ׸磬ֱֱͶ׼ӭͷ£̾ú仹һѪĹ˲仨ʧɫ
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ף

ǰⲻ˼һĻãֱȫһͽԭء磿ѵǰ֮ˣԪӤڣ
Ҳ԰Ԫۣʵʿռ䣬ͨ﷽Բģ˵ôֻаס
ǺǣҵĸȽأ֮ڰ׸ڣȴǧռ䡣֪ԷɻʲôŹһЦҲڸеγ裬ֻתһֱȦӣֻһֿռӸһ
ף֮˵ֻҪ̺Ŀռ䣬ͿʱݣԼĸӵǿļޣҲŶŹֵĽͣĹУٴӿһƬ죬ȻʧЦʵڵ񣬾Ȼصĸ
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⣬ֱǿһֶַΡԪӤϣ˭ܹ
֮ҲûȱݣƺռԣֻаݣǼǿˣڹϡ
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֪ģоͶǰĶŹ֣͵һ˿øС
ղһУҲֹֻܹ̫嶯ȫܡ
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һ֮ĹһеĻֱӴ󼱣ľã˷˾ţ֮źò׵õģ
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ôһÿУоİ취ԽȥŽԪӤڣ


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ǺǣľôǵѼ裬ȡ߰ɡҪľﻹǰĹãŶԷἰʲô󣬶ŹָⶫˣԲȹнֱ꣬ӾͿѣҲԲĵѿɷ棬ʲôǻ
ŹֵĻùһʿȻ֪Ҳֻ΢֮Ȼ󣬸ʿĵطӴĺϵԣ֪ģǾռ˾
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ԷĲҪľ󣬹иһ˿ԥŵȻľԵôľȡˣҲԸһЩ
ǽЩŽˣʲôǻ
ĽͣŹ£ȴͷһƬױȵľϲ
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Ļʵֵֻ֣ΪЩУȻдڡɽʿϾǷëǣӶɽڣʱҪ׼Ӧ٣ڣҪΪʵУƿһṹмԪӤʿ
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ԪתУԪĹɺͽṹĳһʿǰԣֻҪܳŹСʱʿԪĸʣͻһɵĻᣡûйʱļʣʮٱ
һ򵥵ӣͨʿγԪ磬һֹĻԪ磬ǧ֮һңʮֹתĻԪ磬ʮ֮һ֮һ
תԪ绹һôǣΪԪĹΣԣԿԷֹưռ
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ڶֹˣɸγɵĸˣֻһһ統Źڵ֮أǸͨĸˡ˵ʵȴΪֲͺ޳ԪԪӤʿһٲٿܱ߰ټɵĻԪӤʿӵмΪֲɱ
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Σ󣬶Źֻǳ׼Ȼڵ֮Ųٵƣڶ㣬Կգʵͻͽܽ뻯Ļһգ
ĦֱգֻҪǿԪӤڵĸ˵иǾ͵ڲԪӤڣԪӤڵĸˣһֵģֱҪ̫ˣ

ǰڿգΪеĸ̫࣬γԪļ̫ͣ²޷γֻԪͿռԪ磬ȴû뵽һִϵȻһܵϢ
ټȹн뻯ʱЩ΢΢ɫ䡣
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Ӳеͨκһֵһɽʿ
öŹֿյģȻӴĲƸ˵ڣȥѰ


281 Ի͵ǰ
ǺǣǷҲԻȤһУҲͨŹһ⶯д΢΢ЦһǶԸ⣬еΪֵˣҲǹһϵֻ֧Ҫﵽ֮ĵľ磬ͿԻһᡣ
磿һֻһᡭҲŹеĻٴһ𾪵ĿУѵҪΨһһᣬŹ֣
Ҫ֪ܽ뻯ʿĻǿһɽԪӤڵĸʣⲻĸԪӤʿ޷ֵջ󣡣²ǾУҲΪһʸ
ԣ֮ڣӵʸʿһǰΨһһıʲôأҲΪһֻҪǴ߳ʿʿྴʾá
ڣһʸóȥۣһ׬ӲڣоȻһλᣬ͸˶Ź֣
ǹҵˣŹĻŹҲΪеĻ΢΢ɫ䣬ңͳκϵڽɽ󳬼֮һǰãȻǹӵܣ
Ǳǿֲ
ƺҲֵ֣֮һǰҲ˵ԷΪ˽뻯Ҫľġ
Ǻǣֻڹһûɵķ֧ƺȻŹھʲôٴһЦ͡
һϵңǹ֧֮һ
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һ֧Ѿǧ꣬ûгһԪӤʿˣǿʿҲǰãոմﵽӵи֮ĵľء
˵ӵǵԪӤʿĹҶԣʲôҲ㲻ϣڹңҲû˿λϾӵлԺ󣬺ϵʿڲԪӤϣ͵ӵ˾ԪӤʿҲǼΪֲġ
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ҲŽͣŹֲٴ΢΢ɫ䣬Ȼǰˣңû˿λ㱻ɱҲһ˿˻ǶԷӵеһʸ񣬶ҪԣǲԶԷ͸˲ŸոʶԼ
ǺǣҲǴлľ֮飬ûľǾܽ뻯ҲԳŲԪӤڵסȴ˵ľЦŽ͡
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Ȼ֪һղŵľһʸ񣬸˵ľǶԷսĿꡣ
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ǺǣлѡŹһЦŹɫȴƽ޲¸һɹ֮еĸʵˣȷܲ򵥣ǿܱ̬ǻֻǸոնĸˣڣԪӤڣֻǲʩչԪĸˡ
ǶͨʿȻżǿвȴ⣬ֻҪԷֵǻǡ
˼֮󣬶ŹֲȻ֣ô㣬̬һЩ΢΢Щ̡
ĵȻ򶨣ǿùа棬˵ཻЩֻ˵һΣҲ㹻ˣҲͲٶԡ
һĹȴûʲôɫڣѾʱһУЩܲˣϴһƿļһװռ˴ˡ
һŵǧҪäĿԴźãڻ㵹ûʲôֻǰװ˷Ҷһʸ񡣡
ǡԹ䳰ȷŹɺ⣬ֻǼУģȴҲǵùٴһЦСãԸͷۣڶŹƺһЩ⡣
ҲڷУ𽥱ƽһӴĳǳأǰƽңң𣬴ڿƽԭϵһӴ󹬵˷ܵĵ֣Ͼ͵ˣ
Źͷǰ¶ߵĹҲһ󼤶ǰǻˣܣоųϵİգγֻԪͿռԪ磬⣬ԭߵһ˷ܣ


282 ڣ
һֵռʮ﷽Բô¶ĴƽԭУȴԵׯϣʥ
ӴķֵֻһԼ׵ڣֻһ㣬߶ȣȴףʮӨ͸ж˺ϱʯεضֱֱ̽׸߿֮ϣһִϵĸо
ھ뻯֮غ󣬹оȰͷʼС
ڣصĶǶɽ棬ڿҲû˸С
ž뻯ԽԽ˾ͽ˲ʿЩʿģ඼һͽţһ˿˿ȡ
ȥģΪˣеһȻͰûڣеǴޱȵļ֮ɫһ˿Ĺ°֮⣬ҡ
磬ͣһԵģڹۿ֮󣬼֮࣬һ˿ǳǳĹǺ͵ǣֱӾչһ绨ĽޣЦŹ
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Ǻǣ֣㣬һԡŹҲ˵ͷ˹һ䡣
಻ٶԣֻǿ첽ߣܿ͵ִ˻˳ڽĿɼģǾۼڴУȻһŴԼʿڴһǼ̨
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ģǺͶŹϴս޹ƣֻǷࡣ
ѵԶܲԪӤڣҲǽһλԺһ˿ɻ󣬶ŹֲŸŹȥǼǡ
ӵܣÿֻνᣬʿҪʸЩȻ걸¼ġ
ŶǼ̨ԪӤʿ˹еĻֻǵɨ˼һۣͲٶԣʼóһ򷭲飬ŹҲûв죬󣬵ȶԷ¼Ϣ󣬾ͿʼҪ󣬽ɲ
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Źֵַģһսǰ棬ʿǶţǰʿڵȴ
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Ҳһķ𣬴ڵڶʿ͵Ķһ΢΢ɫ䣬սĿ⣬Щ̾
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ԪӤڣڲԪӤڣʿµļ֪첽߳ս΢΢ʿֱӳŴĵǼ̨һһȥȻ෴ģǶսڵʿһįεȥ
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ȻŲСʱֱģȻС
һպ󣬶սǰѾǹǰһڣǵҲ϶˶ΣҪô˭սɹҪô˭սʧܣò˵ʧܣʣҲǺܸߣƽ߰ʧܵʿŻһ䡣
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Уڲǲ֪úԪӤ棬ܲά򡭡


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ò˵ǣͨʿڽ뷿ôĹͻܿжϳԷӵеĸȻ֮ӦԪǳԶŹӵнָı̬սȻ׳

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ҲŹĻϣֱ¶һ˿죬ôղûȻһ˿ǣһֱͶŹֺܲԿô
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ܰɣˣֵҲѾʮ֮ãһΪʿǼǣ̽¼ԪӤʿֱһۣⲻĿһս

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Ҫ֪ǰһŸ֮ģҪһʮСʱģһεЧʣȴֱͺͶһݡ
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뻯ʿڵõ˿ҲֻҪһңγԪ磬һ죬ǣǲ򣬹Ȼ࣬ȴֱӰ̺ǸԪеĲ˹β죿
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284 һƬܴ
ղţļٵģ
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ҲڶŹ滻տ֮ӶսڵĿռ䣬տԪʱ磬ʿȴĶһսӶǹͷ
޷ţԷôڲ˶ΪԼ˻þֻȴ󲿷ˣڻع˴ʱȫ˸˵ķӦ
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ģȻģǸһҲδ̫̫ȷĺ󣬹ֱӵԲһƯĴ۾һճյı飬֪ݣһսڵĶŹ֡
ȷġǹУʱҲȫòȥӵһ֪ŹвСǱֵǴʱҲױԷľǱò֪Ǻˡ
ôģҲǽԪӤڡòѹµĲ죬ֱ׼ȶŹֳԺء
ҲʱһϢٴ˶߷
һսսɹγտԪ磡


ŸոջعڶʿһΣϢֽ
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һսǼһȻڶ̶ʮڣγԪ磿Ȼ̬ӵָȫǴﵽ˸֮ĵľ磿
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ôһṦͶԪ磿
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ǻڣȻͻܵش˵صԪӤʿͷǣǿҵĳ£ڣǽһϸϸ߽
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Щϸʿ˵ǣڸǼǵԪӤʿʱҲȫµһ׸ˣǸûע⵽Щȫһ˼ı鶢һսְ
Դ˵ķӦŵģǹˣ𲻾ǰһֱڿԷ˵γԪˣֻҪСոˣû뵽һգ֮ǸһֱԴ׵ļһӵԪ磿
⡭⡭
պһԲ˵ӣһˮ飬Ҳƺܲ˾޴ľţҪֱֱԾۿûԼҧϡ
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һսսɹγɶԪ磡

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ҲԪӤڣƬǰǼһΪϣڣԷҲѽΪԪӤӵԪ磬ʵϡ
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ȷЩս߳ŹСʱڲѰһ˿ʿҲһսһĶŪˡ
˼ңСʱѣȻγʮԪ磿
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ǼǵԪӤʿʱҲһɵɵڣҲĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֻ֪ԼĺԽԽ٣ԽԽѣ찡ʮԪ磿
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ƽʱԪӤԶɽڣȻսսʮ㣬ʱԪӤʿȻΪԷĳ֣һ˲ٵѣȴûг߳һսӰԾ񣬸һԪӤʿֱӾͶŹˣĸǶʮĸǸ̬ļһСʱʱγ˶ʮĸԪ磡

һ仰ֱӾڰеĹһ͵ˤ°գʲôʮĸԪ磿һˣӵжʮĸԪ磿
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ôڰգǰԪӤʿĬĬƬ̣뿪ڳԷʱһķһгơ
һսսɹγڿԪ磡

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ҲֱӾһʿǰһƣ³һѪ˹ȥ


285 ˵жûеı̬
ʮԪ硭ʮԪ硭һɨЩεʿֱȻţôڳʿ֤һսˣ˶ʮԪ磬ֻ˵ȫġ
۶𾪣Ƭ̣͵һɨԪӤʿĶʮԪ磬ʲô
شˣատաաϿաѷ졢ڿաҲҪŹֵΪǼǵĹԪӤʿȻļǵãϸе𺳵ļһʲô
ҲĻش𣬹ԭȫ𾪺ʹ͵УͻȻӿһɲ˼⣬ǼֱӾƷԪ磡ЩɶƷռ֮Ԫ磬ѵˣյĴƷԪ֮һĿռԪ磿⡭


Ҳ仰ʿٴһ٣׻Ȼ
ƷԪ磿
ЩʿȻ֪ƷԪʲô䣬ֻƷԪ磬ÿһ֣˽ָҲֻжָȻִָ֮ĵľ磬һһγԪ磬󣬲ںϳĴ֮һƷԪ硣
ǣ֪һʿγԪ磬ѾǼΪ̬Ĵˣ˭ˣƷԪ磿
ףɵ¼Ҳδ˭ƷԪӵߵģʱ䡢ռ䡢ֻءǿҲûܵʩչ
ʱֻ֮нٸʱӸĴʿһʩԼĹѷĹ򡢹Ĺ򣬺һٶйصĹȫڻһ𣬲γʱ򣬽й߷Լȵȡ
⣬ѾΪһֶɣʿжٹ̡
ϾǶ򣬻ڶ֮󣬰ЩһһԲγԪ磬ѵ˼㣬ڣǾȻ֣ƺпһ֮һƷƣ
ǵģֱĿǰΪֹ⻹ֻһƣϾռ֮ӵнӸһսڵǸֻ̬˶ʮ֡
ѵпռ֮
ɣǿǽָѵγʮԪ磿
⡭̬ǴðģƷֱӾͿ˲ƣԪӤǰڣ˽ӽԪӤ۷ʵ
ļһԺﵽڣ񲻾޵ˣ

һʿȻ֮ľ޴㵺ͲţȲ³ԷӵеĿƷռ֮ĹȴǿѹµļȻ󣬴ޱκͿԪӤ棬ˣǲǹҵˣ
ܲΣǸʷһƷĳ̬ǹʿĻǶҶԣӵв棬ҲԻһӾͳΪĽ㣬ԷȻһֵԪӤڵģôĳش˴ֵĹܺͶԷγɲϵ
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ҲʻԪӤʿһͣһױȼκֱӾһɲǰλɽļ㽣ʵϡԸԪӤʿǴһ˿⣬һĵشˣǹӵܡ
˵ʲôҲȻֻһ仰ԭ΢΢Ѫգ̾ͳȥϣǱһɿֲɱݺݵĶǰԪӤʿǺ޲һļһ
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˵ӵܣɫļγˮŭɱˣǿѹŭ⣬˫Уɱ磬ŵˣһΣɻˣǵڰװʧһڵھ޵Ŷɽ档
ˣҲǡԪӤʿֱһ׾æʼͣʢŭ֮£ֱɱйߣһƬ֮УһָԱ𾪵Щ겻ĹеˣǸġˣҲǹһ֧ӵܣ
Ҳֻ˲䣬µĽźͷŭɢ˴룬תΪһϲޱеĿһԵĹС
ǼһȻҰ·ӣκ֮һǱһϵӵ
⣬˵кܴĿܣѶԷң
ҲʱŵԪӤʿһ飬壬žͼæȥ֪ͨڵĶɽ棬ȻöԷº֪һȻ֪飬²Ǿͻŭĵ
ò˵Ÿ뿪͵ظеԼһӾһӴѹڣ󣬾ֻһЦڶ𣬡ٺ٣ȥ֪ͨǸϹôûˣҪ֣Ҫûֻ
仰ֱӾͰԪӤʿ˹ȥ˫ĿһɨڶɽʿӴѹ£󲿷ʿȫڵһʱ䣬˹ȥ
ʱڣеģֻʣ¹ˡ
ȻҲ֪ºǵűŭǶԷŭΣѲɹһǣϣңԶΪǿĺܣ
һУֱӴһʢЦ৵һִ˹ǰͬһʱ䣬ڣǵٴη
һսսɹγĮԪ磡

һ仰õڽʣˣȫһϣٴһƬϲżӣڶʮԪˣǶԷ϶ƷԪĪˣ
СãȴĲ֪ʲôˣƷǸŹ֣յľȻ̺˽ָĿռֲ֮ãֲáһߣǰλҵĶɽ棬ּʿֻк͹Ҳ̲סЩëȻ
ֻΪһɽ棬ȻһոսԪӤڣһڽᵤڵʿ¶Ⱥı飬ʵǸеĲȻ
ҲõүүǺǣ¡һڻѩЦ⣬ڵִǰֱӾͿЦһУĺ֣ǵҵһ̬ģ
ĺܺ棬⼫ʷһսָγƷԪĳ̬ʿǴðġ
һ仰ùÿ⡭⣬֪УǸָҶִ֮ľ㹻̬ˣû뵽ȥĶŹ֣Ȼ̬һ˵ж޷ﵽĵز⡭
ֱڣк͹еĸо


286 ûֻ̬и̬
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ȻҲΪȽϵùڹĻҸĹؼʱ̣㱨öԷͱһ
˾ûһǻۣҲÿϷŪѲǳɵӣĵʢŭ£Ļһ˵ʲôȴӣ͵ľһȻ󳹵׽
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һ̣ĻֱӾһŴ죬ȴǲ°ͳŵöµ棬̫ˣһУȻģ
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һ˲䣬ԴҲɵˡ
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΢΢εĿ˵ֵʱһûһֵŵϢ
6543.6389.1
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ǰ͸Թֵ۲죬˶ɽʿֵӦһǧǧ֮䣬ǰԶԶ߹ǧļһݡӹɵģһλ˺ڵĳ
ܼˣǾЩΣԪӤʿֵǴİٵ֮߰䣬˭֪ڵֵȻʮ
ҲڶŹȫɫ֮ʱȴͻȻ͹ЦһŵŹ֣ܲܰԪ磬ʩչһҿ
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ҲǵǣĻңԼոսĹԴҲȫ˲䣬һγɵۣȫһ統Ĺеһ㣬ɵɵŶŹ֣֪˵ʲôǺˡ

ʮӺ󣬵Ԫ磬ȫŹһγǰ󣬹Ļ͵һ飬󣬾ǿѹžҳ鴤գЦһŶŹ֣żȥ
ҲԪӤɽʿǰôʧ̬ķ֣Ͽ뿪²»ܣ̬̬ĳ̬ôģ
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ѫֵҲҪǳϣҪǧ๦ѫУͨ񣬱ػֵһֻ꣬ʮ㹦ѫҪǣ治֪Ҫʱ䡣


291 ѫ
ǺǣȻǶѾΪҹϳϣڣ˵һ¹¼ĽҲڶŹ˼ʱԴٴһЦͿŹегϣ֮ʿɻü幦ѫֵ100ֱӽǳϡ
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ԴٴһЦŷŹֵĿ˶Ź֣˵ǹеǹ£ԶԶûжŹҪȻѾٹѫֵǶԶŹֻ֣ԶԶ֮ϡ
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̽ԪСͿأѫʮͿأѫʮͿأѫһ٣ϻᡣעԪΪ鱦Ҫ֮һ
ղǣɱһֻԪӤޣѫǳϣ
继ǣһᵤʿʹӵиѫһǳϣɴ籡

ſţŹҲԽѾ幦ѫǳ׻ãҪϵȼϼѣһ鱦Ҫأֻʮ㹦ѫһش꣬Ҳֻʮ㹦ѫɱһͷԪӤڵޣҲֻ㹦ѫѶȣǡ
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ȻͨʿֻҪܳŹΣͿлøҲųиùʿȥΣԼ˷ѸɾҲ޷õһɸʵġ
ѵ继ǵʿĵùȥƺĳĹѫ񣬲һ㹦ѫͱʾһν뻯ĻᣬʿĵãҲˣѵһֹȥΣ޷򣿡뵽ŹȴȻĶӵеħԪв٣ĽףùڵͨʿҲʧΪһð취һֻһ㹦ѫֻҪΡ
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Ҳ˼УһϢ͵Ծ
ʯʮ飬һǧѫǳϣ
ףʯʲôȻһ൱һٹѫϢ֮󣬶ŹȴǴһѾϰһΪλĹѫһӿӴɲ𾪣ǣⷢģǹ
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Ǳٴڼ֮һǼû𲻴ԣŹһǷΪҲü˺ܹעֱӱʾţ̬Ƿģ͹Ϊһġ
Ǻǣϣʲôʯ˵ĹעŹҲ⣬ֻǿʳԼɻ
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ЦȻȣϣŹֶԼ幱׶һЩ֤ԼĹģҲҪһȥ


292 Ҳգ
ȡ֮⣬֮Ӧģ
һߣյʲôһ˶ɽڻʥڣҪ٣ÿΣŵ׽٣٣ҲֻһǾǻ𣬻һУκи
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ҲֻдϵʿſԱȽаյĵõʯ
ڣϵܱʿ̺̽ʯĵشҲѾѹεĲˣʣµЩشǴڣײ̤׳ذ벽ԣһٵҵļ幦ѫȥȡһʯֻٲࡣ
ǣͨһʯҲγһֻʮϵʯʯǣһʿȹٵҲΪʲôֻóô㹦ѫȥˣԭȣҲֻô࡭
ҲŽͣŹ£һȻֲʯĳô񣬾Ȼڣ޷׻ãһСģΣա
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ǣĿǰ֪ʯطĵشһڽµļǣϵҲΪ֮Ľ棬⣬Узڡֱһʯ򡣲ڣڴ˺вĵطѾɷһˡŹֲҪȥɷʯһЦŽ͡
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Ҳ󣬶Źֺ͹еȣŹԴĴ죬һεıԺ֮ڡ
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ޣҪҸʱ䣬ȥһֻʣһˣŹֲٴͷųԼļⴿ֮ޣ־ڱصã˵޶壬ԶԶʯĶ࣬һͨЩԭҺȻʱ֮ﻹҪʯȥӦ٣
ʱ򣬶٣ֱӾͿ٣ն٣˼ҵʱĥѣֻҪԭҺǶǲƷ
ټŹҲɵھȥޣȻܣҲҪȻ޲Уⷽ棬̵ģʱֻֻ֮ռ֮ͷȺò˵ЩȻҲΪߵվǱȲ֮Щ޵׺̶ȣֱвʿˣⲻʣϣŲСĲ࣬£Ҫһϸ׼С


293 ȣ
ҵʵֹֻ֮Ϳռ֮Ǹ֮ġҲ˼УŹֲ͵˼ԶĵĲƬ棬ɻɵͷš
ȻڴʱЩͨ磬ȫʧȥ֮أ֮ȴɴڡţȻʿЩ̽ٵشǵĵҲһ̶ϣЩв˺
ֻҪתƿռ䣬õɱЩΪСһΣӦÿԴԭҺ
˼һ飬ֱҲԽ취УŹֳַ侲Ǳ滹ģٷһ˿
Ȼҵ˷ҲʾҪȥʵʩĲ˵Ÿոռңһʲô춯Щʿ϶עֱȥЩƵش϶ʹЩƴ
ӵƷԪ磬ɶ֮ǱɣϾΪֻ̫ͣҪȥͲܲöԷɻ
ǿǹغǷ©ܵģһ㣬ŹȻȥðա
ԣȥһʱ䣬ӦΪҪЩʿӦʲô춯ˣźȥЩ޵⡣
ȻڣȥŹȻƽĲƽˡ
оǣĵõԭҺ׽٣Ѿ󲿷ּǣԼĺ԰²Ҳ޷ʯȥȡѫֵǸ⣬˺ڵʿ޷ãһó϶ñɡùЩǳӦҵҪȥ׬ȡѫֵϸ룬Ź־ó򣬽빦ѫƽ̨ѡʵļ
Щ򵥵ģĪǸͨᵤʿɸˣŹȴҽӣֻΪǺױ©ħԪܣħԪȴǳ½ǳ½ͺϵ֮ģֻڵһ;ڵйϵԶơ
ԣҲֻѹͷѰ
ϸ̽Ѱ֮£ŹǰһһȽϺص
ǣȲ峤֮ŮǣԪӤڳ϶ÿ㹦ѫֵɽʿÿʮ㹦ѫϻᣡ
ֻһ񣬾㹦ѫҪɽڣ壿ѵ壿ԺһͷŹ̾
ֱк͹ķᣬʱĹУҲѰżڶŹֵѯ£˼һļϣֱӾϻȥ
ٴμԴȶԷ˵ҪȴǶ˵ֱӾͰ˵֣ж֮ڣǸ˶һЩͲԼصϡ
ûгŹֵԤϣ壬ȷһ壬ò߳ϣƣΨһ𣬾һ߲壬ÿһò쳣ͨ۵ǽȫ֮ɫɫŮɫ
Ȼͳδ󲿷ֺϵԣǺϲǣҲвٺౣŲĹϵ֮һ棬Ҫһԭǲ
ڲסһصòһֻչɵ߲ʺȥ쳣ÿһȵ˳ڣͻзһˣһҲֻͬһˡ
һҲֱӿҲͬ顣
˵ĲҲ󣬿֦ɢҶһµĲǲ˵ķܡ
ȻЩȻأȴҲֵ֣Ͼǧ磬治УؼЩÿ˷ܺͿʵʱ򣬾ͻһµ֭ҺЩ֭ҺƵҩǻǲܶôصƣоųɵİտ
ʿԣȻױȵ䱦֭Һռ취ҲֻͬͬĲˣܲɼȡ
²ʵǿûκθԪӤڶܴﵽȴҲܶںϵ
ǴʿΪЩ֭ҺҲǿȲ壬Ͼ֭Һֻв鿪˷ʱŻᵮ
ԣÿһвڵʿפأԽƶԷǣǹΧڵһŲס
µȴҲùԴЩ⣬ǾϵһûбǵڣһЫ壬ͻȻԲǷ˽ӡһˣов嵱峤֮Ů
£ȻʱзֻΪ̫òʵּȵ£ȻǸĽĿꡣ·ڹͷϣùŭˣ
ҲǹҸصʿְأǹҲӲǣһ򣬹ǲʮԪӤʿأʵԲˡ
ϾȻҪȴҲ̫Ӵ¹ڣʿʮɽʿǹ٣ԪӤǣǣͳεȴ̫̫һɢפʿʵҲࡣ
ϾҼ£˿ȲѷɫĵشҲԲ١
ǰҲûд̽һȻһǿЫ塣ǼӳʿЩЫ壬ŽλԪӤڣԲŰѵʮԪӤڣһһɱȻڲӡ
˵ʱǵļҳϣų϶ǵսֻм˳
£ЩΣһɣһЫ壬ǴϵģȻǹңһ㲻һжǣֲЩЫˡ͹󣬹Դһüͷиðǿҵŭ
ССЫ壬ԪӤڣȻҲҴŭҵϣ⻹Ѱ·
ȷֻҪϻĹѫһ׾ͿԻ㼯һǿһΣɽڣԪӤڣ̤ƽֻЫˡ
ǣ£᲻أһֻаԪӤڵЫ壬Ҳ״ҡ˹ԴĽԺ󣬶Źֺ͹жһۣӶԷпһ˿ǡ
ϴںϵҲǿֲޱȣǸССЫ壬ѵӽˮˣ
Ǻǣ֪ɻʲôʵҲֵ̫֡ŶŹֵĻԴȴٴһЦ͵ȻʿУһȻЩ壬Ҳкܶ࣬ȫյȺӴǹϵ֣岻֪ҲЩȻֻͳ˺ϵһҵĽ򣬲Ҳ㹻Ӵˣ̺壬ǲǿ壬ҲʿģЩ帽ûӰ
Źֲѹµɻ󣬵ȷһȥϵͳν򣬴ǰ˳ң壬һңޣһңϵһɣԶȵһ̺壬ҲǶ޷
ǹңռڰڽɽʵҵΧһɶԶڱȽϷ͵˵֪ϵҲ֡
͸ȥǡٴԴݱһŹֺ͹Ÿǣȥ
Ȼ̽鵽ЫǣϵԪӤʿȴҲҪȼϲСǵĳϻֲɾѵص㡣
ǣϴӪҲǼԶԶľ룬ǹһԵشһֱǼʴͣ䣬Ҳյ·̣ŵִǡ
Ы壬Ҳҵһҳϣźáվ֮ϣɨһۣŸ£͵ľһ˿ɫ
Ǻǣ֣ЫǿԪӤڣһΣӦò⡣ϾɽǳϻᣬҲûзվڶŹĹУƺ˶ŹֵɱһЦȻһŶôֲʵӵԪ磬ڶɽǰںԪӤ۷ʵǾιް
˵ιϳģԶֹԪӤʿɽڣ
Ǻǡ˹еĻŹһЦ󣬾ڿշǵĳϻֲȥ


294 棿ŲУ
ִǹϳϻֲʱŹŷ֣һж֣Ѽ룬ֻ
Դˣ˶ЩȻôʿȴ½һǳϣҲʵЩ֣ڣΪ˶ǰѾۼƣԵ˵ִʱӵĿ⣬඼Щ
ȴҲû˸ҶǺ˵ʲôϾ˿ԼǣڹϴӪסģʵǿ䱳ҲвСıվŵģǶɽʿ׽ǴϵĶɽڡ
ּ֮ʿ̾͸ǣжģǹһǳϣΪɽٺڵĹꡣ
⣬ɽʿǰ͹ǰǴ̽Ы䡣
곤ϣЩЫ壬治һģҺﳤ̽գסһʿû˵ֻЫ塣Ҳ˵ִɽڳϲһһأϢȴЩΡ
⣬Ҳѻˣںϵ͵壬ǻٴҲͷ۲ѡ
𰸺󣬹Ȼüѣһ֣ٶҳһ飬չ˴ǵͼһһӦϸ鲼ǣ̽Ыټ
ǣҲһӴԪӤڣɽڷɢҲҪһյܱ̽
ǶЫ˽⣬Щ壬ͨϲסʪ֣ߵصףȻЫ壬ɳЫһ壬ϲסɳĮһΣǰǷ飬ҲҪҳһ˷Ыټ֪ͨˡ
СĻ֣ȴһָŹֵųϣһ顣
һ仰ڳʿһȻ֪ԼǵʿбҲûϵһɽٺڳϣչ˶Ź֡
˭֪ǼѰģӵаԪӤڵЫ壬һ飬һСģ㷢ҲĿܣһɽٺʿ࣬ɲȫġ
ȴʿȻʱ䣬ɫһ̵
ҲĻֺСڹճϣһһȥԭֻ֮󣬹ŴһЦݵųϣ߰ɡ
ܲΪжָӣȻ֪ͻȻ¼ȻԽжԽãҪһɽڣԪӤڣҲҪһ㹻ˡǰܲȴһֽҪΪжͳ˧Ĺ꣬λӣøܲǸԪӤǰʿڣлԵһжʧܣҲҪ֤жŹֵİȫ
رȻûעԭ򣬿ɹҲɵӣһۿŹĳλǴϵĿأԣĿǰҲЫľۼأϵҪɢʱֻȥŶŹˡȻɢһǰЫԪӤʿöŹս⣬޷ܾǴϵŭ
һ·Ҳһֱɻ󣬶ŹֱľǴϣ˭һնšĳλǴϵֱϵܳ磬Ǹĸյ˽ӣȻҲܵչˡ
ȻǹͷƤҲóŹܵĹգΪӵԪ磬ҲܲⱣܣΪ£˵Ҳû˻ţһ統ĹĻˣܲܶŹһִͳ˧ʿһһչʾԼԪ磬֤Լɣǲǳ
٣ģҲˣԵ޹ʣһ׸׿ֻԪӤǰڣȻԶŹرչˣȴһƻʲô˵ɽʿȻжɽڵĸ߰ԪӤڣȻǸ߸ϵģڣȴӲҪһɽٺڵǳϣʱʱ΢ЦһԪӤǰڵһǳϣ
Ȿһ衣
˵ǿԼʵһλģЩɱΣܵرŴĶˡ
ϾǶŹֱˣͲܽӵһҪԪӤڣʵ̫ˣܲȴҪǶȼգҲҪλӣʵڳ
ȻȴһЦ⣬žͶԶŹֵųϣǸɳĮ߰ɡ
ǡŹȻ֪ĵ׻ȴҲٲλǳϣԼƺЩϲҲû˵ʲôֻͷ
Ҳ⻰ˣ̾ʧԭأ٣ֱӾᵽ˱ԪӤǰܴﵽ۷һߵĳ̶ȡ
ҲһԳԿͷɲûչôŲУܿ԰ɣ
˵ؾ˸̽ɳĮһǶɽǰڵʿȫɶݣҲҪһգٵɶУȴǴ˶⣬޷ŹɫУҲҪɱļһǱһֻҪһֱԪӤǰִܵ۷״̬ҲϷˣһһ
һ˿Ϸʣ󷽣ֱֱǰɣô˺Ƭ̣͵ط̽󷽣һӦñ˦˰ɣ٣ҲҸͷһܳûһ
ֻԺеͷûг׷תȴ͵ؾֻΪͻȻ֣ԭΪӦñԼ˦ĶŹ֣ȻôԼ⣬룬̽飬۾Ҳܿһ
곤ϣôͣˣѵз֣һ΢΢ȻתͷŹȴǷɵǰڹͣסӣڷʣ
治֪µС̡ڽᵤʱٶȣɾǱԪӤʿҪһЩģȻԸղŵٶȣ˿ÿ졣
ǣûʲôôһʣֱһͻΪͻȻ֣ŹֵѯĳԷǿƽĿ⣬ƺ̺˼ĳЦ̾һƻһٶϣпȡ֮Ҳǿĳλڳϵرġ
ƵһѣֱӾ͸ЦתͷһǰȥһΣٶȣȴֱᵽԪӤܴﵽ۷״̬
ֱңңɢȫ۲ŶŹ֡
ҾͲţٶȡ
ǲŸһ˿ɣɫȴֱֽĹ۲£ǸһֹҲ͵٣Լٶȣ˿Գ
˲ԪӤǰôôٶôţһŭٶȣ৵һֱԪӤ۷塣
ò˵٣ŹֵٶȣҲһӾȥֱת֮׺Χ̺ĿΪһ壬һƴ͸յ⣬һΣϹꡣ

̬ۡһԪӤǰڣٶȾȻܺԪӤ۷ϵʲôźһαƽĶŹ֣ɫ͵ľһ鴤ȴɰѶԷĿֲٶȣ˴ʿİ֮ϡ
һ뵽ɫԽһ̣ٶȣһͻǣֱ˶ɽǰʿˮ׼ϡ
дʿرҲһԪӤǰڣӵжɽڵٶȣ٣ҿΡ
һ৵˾룬ɫ͵һɣٴη̽󷽣Ҳ֮̽£ŷ֣Ҳû˶ŹֵӰ
Сӣ㱻˦˰ɣϸոշһ˿΢Цûüٴңǰһȴ͵ط𣬡곤ϣ

һ仰ϤǻùһûɳۿȥǼһǣʲôʱܵԼǰȥˣ


295 ɳЫ
㡭޴𾪣ùЩʧָ̬ŶŹ֣Ӳ˵ܲ𾪣Էٶȱ̬̬ǲǽõĴʿرҲҪˣؼǣһԪӤǰʿηǰģΪһɽٺǿߣȻû˿
⣬˵ȥҲûŰɣ
ַҲùеʧû֪Լ˼ηУһϷŪڷϷŪĴʧ̬βŭ
ҾͲˣ㻹׷ң
һֱ̣һҧ˶ŹԴɻֱӰٶɽڡ
৵һǰǳɢοŷԲĵشҲ뿴Էġ
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𣬼νӣȴùһʹͷ䣬и͵ķһ˼ľ˲ƶ⡭ôܣ
ǵģ˲ƶ
ܵļ£ԷȴûģͻȻʧͻȻ֣ʧʱоһ˿ʱܼصĹȴ˿ûһףǳ˲ƶ͸޷ͣ
Ǹ֮˲ֽգһںϣǿȥƼ˲ƶֻҪʿأһԲɽٺڵ̽£ȴ˿ֲκټ⣬ֻ˲ƶ
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Ҳ١Ǵðı̬Ԫ磿ƷôԷյĶ˲ƶֲֶֿΣھ޴֮£̲סͱһֿڡ
ֲˣôӣϻԷʧܣҲӵаԪĳ̬ܲӣ
ʲô棬һ׹Լһʼʹף̬Ҳһ˲䣬һǿҵת䡣
ֻǣ̬ôת䣬껹ǺѽܣǰˣȻӵаԪ磬ֻܸЦűֶɽǰڵķٶȣǰǱݡ
ǱǱöԷģû뵽һ·ģֻԼҲ̫ˡ
ŶߵĹ꣬Ź£ҲһȻʱٲ֪Է̽ٶȣҲ̫ɵˣò˵ٶȣִܵɽǰڵ۷״̬ҲѾǼˡ
Ŷ֮ĸγԪԪӤ۷ʿγɿռԪ󣬿˲ƶְٶȼһΣֱƶɽǰڵ۷塣͹ٶȱмĲģղ˲Σ׷
ڣԷһҳ鴤ı飬ٶȷ࣬ŹȻҲ֪ԷԼܣֻʱûѡ
Ȼ֮Ҳٴչ˲ƣ׷ȥ
̬ޡιޣҲǸź󷽵һδ˲ƣǰĹ꣬ȴٴξҵĳ鴤գ£ǶĶŹ֣һۡ

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ǣɳ֮£ȴǱж졣
ھɳĮر£һӴֺΰɳǣȴڰεضΰĳǳأһصĹ£ɢ͵Ĺ
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Ы壬඼зβϿֲĶԣУҲĹǿ塣
ɳУһĹڣɫɫļʧɫŮӣչű͸߲ž߹شڴ䣬ڣֱӡ
һɫʵӣɺЫβһ䣬ɨ˻һˮĲŮһۣŹһЦ벻Ƭ򣬾壡
ϲ£ˣŴһҲԵмӣӵЦӣȴҲ¶Ц⡣
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ò˵ҲΪͨ࣬Ǻ˽ܣǾǲ壬һ˫Ⱥ
ȣ˫֭Һͨ࣬żΪ𺳵ЧƳɵҩκƣԾΣ֮ΪҲΪЩ֭ҺƳɵĵҩڴ壬ЧȴǺǿ
ֻ൱һϺõĵҩȻأͨ죬ϾŲСĲ죬Ҳ̫֡
һϣ壬ȴſֲĺôǾǵ壬;ѵ˫¯һĲ崦ӣ̺ĶԪԪһԪӤʿΪһ͸ԪӤµʿˣܻòԪԪܼʿγԪĸʣ
صǣ¯ЧӦֻԺвСãͨ࣬ЧȻҲУȴûôԣҲֻǺͨϺõ˫ްЧơ
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Чľ޴죬Ҳ۵ϵڣǱӲɲĶ󣬵ۼϵȴܵõΪԽĻ
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ΣȺϳãԭΪۼأ϶ܸĴۣȴû뵽һȻвۼءŵʹǰǨһе⡣һЫӣҲǳһ̾شļŮʱ۹Щȡ
һΣǽӶصĲ崦ӣǧ֮࣬ȺʵһʵķԾˡ
ãǺϵۼ̾һһ֧ɳЫȺҲã򱻳бȵ޷ټȥȲѿʼתƵģĳһ󣬾ǲһֻͷӣתƵǣ̽
˭Ҳû뵽յǲãͱǷڸǣȻŴĲˣ֣ȻɳЫϲ
ʲôҲ˵ˣֶȺ£Ȼ˵
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ⲻäĿԴ󣬸ΪǵʵҲԲ䵱峤һϵ𣬳֮⣬лϵڳϣǾĸȴڵʿº͹ӵʮһȣӴĲ࣬ЩɳЫҲǱ
ҲѾ֪һһһǿƵĶ֣Ϊһ壬ǧӣȥļʮԪӤʿѵӵϵǿߵɳЫģ
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ٺ٣ʱ䣬ǹǲʿĶ򣬵£ǵþͻǸô죿ҲʱһӣȴͻȻһЦЩĦȭƵĵ
ֻɳз壬ӵϵǿ⣬жʮʥǿߣʱڵİˣǵһ֧ǲӵİʥǿߡ
Ѿ϶ҾΪԼļʿͺɳЫϵģϾһҲһ֣ѹңԵˣʱһ޿֡
վȽŸȻЭҲһ취ɳЫԺսԸȴ޷һȻҲᱻƵҪã
ǣһţȻҲҪԼġ
ǣͲǹΧҲͳϽأֻһҵشǴɳЫһ̣ɳЫĵˣǡٺ٣ֻҪǾͣɱһҪǲֹҪùҷŭҲҪ˷ܣӣﳹţʼϴιֻ֪аԪӤڣʿһ࣬Ǿ٣Զ٣ȻѾ͹ΪУȻҪԵֻ


296 սʥ

һǰһͶŹˣֱӾͳһƬĮϿգ·һĻɳתͷųϣǾ͸̽һ
Źͷ΢΢ۣתƿռ䣬˵̽תƿռ䣬ɲǿԪӤԺռķΧҷԲӴռ䣬һ֮£ֵΣЫϲס£Ҳܱ׷֡
ŶŹֱĿңоһ˿£ȴһпƷռԪ磿ѵҲôأĶɽٺڣȻԷ˿
¸̾ҲöԷܲʲôϾһûв쳣ġ
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ǣԷȻ֪ǹҳϣԹҵҲһ˿˽⣬ȴĿŵ˵ԷٿԺ͹ҿ⣿
ǣܺ͹ҿɳЫ壿ǿôԵ޹ʳһ
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ֻһ˲䣬ɳĮϿգֻʣ°ֹ֮⣬κٲڡ

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ǣŹϣԭҺоͰļԭҺ


297 Ԫ磡
ڻŹһپʮ˸ԪӤڵĸ˵ֵÿһ̺ǧγԭҺʱЩԪ磬ֻÿֻ֣ʹζѡ
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ԣɳЫӸ֪Լͱ˶ôһѡ
㲻ЩԭҺŹֵĿֲҲģǵĲƬɱ߰˴֮࣡
Ԫ磿˾ȻӵеǺһĸҵĸı֮£Ȼûбʵ̫ˣãȻĿűԼɵĶŹ֣Ԫ֮ȻôǿᣬԱԪӤԪ磬ɳЫ£ֱӾɻ󣬲ɻ֮͵ɫһݣһߣԪӤڵСӵкһĸΣĸı֮ûзӳǿ˵ĹЧΣ
ɽǰڵԪ磬ҪȶԷԪӤǰڵԪ磬ǿʮֹ
ӲӲҲһײͷѪˡ
ֲܺͶɽٺڵʿһ𣬹ȻйŹ֣ң㵹ùһЦɳЫֱӾͲٿԼԪ磬дȵжŹֵļԪ磬ͺñһǿ࣬סͨ˵һֻҪһװѶԷֹɷ顣
ҲܷһĴЦԪڣŹָûκԥֱӾͳһԭҺֱֱС
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һ˿Ĺֻһ˲䣬ŹڵھԪ缤Ԫ磬̾ͱó˻Ծأ৵һһֻԭľһ㣬ֱӻ˹
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仯һҲڶ˵ʲôಾȫ˼Ԫڡ
ͬһʱ䣬˵ĸı֮ҲڼԪڻȻ˲ƣһӾѹסŹԪ֮
ֲͬԪ磬Ҳ׷״ɢŵһҪǱⲿԪ硣
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ܲҵǣȫڶŹֿƵķΧ£һŭһɱһաȫǵùĲٵùԪ磡
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ҲͬʱֻǲԪ磬͵ľֱһĹԭֻһļԪ硣
ৡһֶһͼԪΪһķŭԪ磡
зŭԪɳЫʿֱӾ͸еԼһײһֲĺڶһ㣬ڵԪ֮Ϳʼš
ۣôҵԪҲգ

һɳЫʥǿߣŸոͬ龪ֵ˼ĻٴθеǰһԪٴһ䣬ں˼ԪͷŭԪǴشһӣֶһɱԪ磿

һֲʥʿɱԪ磬ҲճʱѷһͿʼš
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ɲǼ侪ûɢʿҲֱӾһ룬ȴֲΣ޷˦ǲһԪ硣


ŶŹֵԪٴһ䣬һµĶԪ磬ҲѸͱһʿûüȻͬҲ̽׷ǰ˵ĺ󳾣ʼ˺ҵó̡
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ڿ˼֮󣬶ŹͻȻðһͷˣȻԼӸڣҲԼϣ
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µʱʩչĲƬ⣬κѡ
ϸһŹ˫һֱӾʹ߶ԼԪ磬ǰ˽ս£ͬһʱ䣬Ҳó˵ĲƬ
ҲڶŹֵķ֮£ɳЫٴɫһ䣬ֻΪͻȻķ֣ڶԷķУ޷ֹôɢᱻԷԪڣӶԷǲֹֹ˰æֻǰ
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ԼסǰƶɳЫ̲ҽһˣȫ£Ǻ˵ôֻҪԷǸɽʿڳ֣ȥݻٴ󡭡


һХƶ޴ļԪ磬ܱԪ磬ȫֱ˶£ɳЫУҲһ˲䣬ƴˣȫɫ䡣
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ĶˣǹȻң
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299 һ·ͻ
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ž޴Ԫ磬̫յһ̣һֱŹǿһɳЫˣȫë˵ӣҪƴѶԷޡ
Ҳֻ˲䣬Ǿͱķ֣ԼԽԷյҲԽͣҶԷٶȣΪԼȵ͵ı졣
⣬ˣ޴Ļ̿У֪ǺˣֻԼһΪסţȴ޿κΡ
˵Ļֺ̿ȴ˿޷ֹŹֵĶݣ޴Ԫ磬ֱֱѡһǱ޾̫ڡ

ҲڶŹʧ󲻾ã󷽣һֱӾ˳˵أȿҿյ̫ʱɳЫǿߣű˴˶һۣȫ϶һƬš
أǸιأ
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£ȴǻں޵ĶҪԱˣΪʲôΪʲôһ˼Ĺޣ

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Уȥǿ϶Ǳ䱻ԱԪ磬ͬھ
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һ𰸣ǰâĸɳЫǿߣȫ˲ήȥ
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Сʱ
Ԫ磬ŭԪ磬ɱԪ磬Ԫ硭
СʱڣԼĸԪ磬һ·ͻͽԭȸո̤ԪӤǰڵĳ̶ȣֱȲִԪӤǰ۷壬ƿʱȻŲͣգۡ
Źµļ֪
ļֹΪס˶ԷˣԼʵΪһεУַС
ֻҪƵĲգԺһеӸȻٶȣɽڡ
ٺ٣⼸һǡ
ǿżŹ̲סһЦ
ҲŶŹֵĳЦƿвϻ۵ĸҲһεĲ伸ȫǿг忪
ԪӤڣ
ͬʱȫĥѱɳЫˣȴ˲ͱһͻϢˡ
⡭
ͻƣ
ǸԪ硢ŭԪ硢ɱԪͶԪ磬ǰͻƵڣ
ǿɶǵΪ
΢΢һ£ɳЫˣȫ͵һѪҲܲ˾޴Ĵ̼Ҫ

˸Сʱ
ȫһƬմ֮ɫɳЫˣʵڲ֪Ǻˡ
ҲʱɳЫӣȴ͵ļһžͷԼΪͻǵżһӾʹʥǰڣڡ
ʧȥ˸ı֮ɳЫӳױˡ
ô࣬òͻǵŽʥڣԭʱڣһֱΪһ׼ڡ

һһ·ᣬٿڵĴɳЫӾԼ׷ˣֱӾʹſֲޱȵļ
У׳ޱߵĿ־;ڣ˾̲ס᲻ѵĺڡ
ֱȫһƬҲޱߵĿֻź;⣬ǣǵΪҲȫҪµһΣΪµȥֻܻȡǸΪ
Ѳ˿һΪһȻ󱻶Էȡ
ֲĽ֣˳׷ˡ
ֻӦ˵ģǳգգ

һ
䡫
һεĲʿֶеͻϢ˲ȫѵɳЫˣëˡ
ͻˣۡ
ǿȫǿΪôȫˣ

һʱ䣬˺ɳЫӣһʥǰ⣬ȫʥڣò˵һʱ䣬˵ΪȫµһΡ
ɳЫӺǸʥǰڣȫڵΪˣҲбʥǰڡ
Էȴһ·ԪӤǰڣֱӲԪӤڣ
ӣȥ
ܲˡɲԼ£ǵ׸ô죿

һ
ԼԪ磬ִԪӤ۷壬ʱŹҲ֣ڵִԪӤ۷ʱǷգЩԪ磬޷ֻ˷ԭҺʱŻȻ͵һԼΪĽףͱҪеĸȫ۷״̬ȻһͻǸƿܲʥںڡ
ԭǧԭҺô̵ʱ䣬Ϊһ·ͻͽҲΪʩչԪʱյЧʣ
ǰֻܿھգǷΧȻСö࣬Ԫ綼գԲѸ
ȻѾ޷ʵõֻװ˷ѳԭҺŹŰߣϣҲʱ취ĸһˡ
ֱӻɱ
ÿ⼸һŵڣǼļһһɣǻӦô
ǴӦ˾ͺãӦ˷һЩԭҺҲҪǸʥǰڵĵڣһһɱ
һ˿ɫŹ¶⡣


300 ֮ŭ
ǣҳϻܲһֻдӰֱӳƫȥ
ӰǹԴò˵ʱĹԴȴǽŵ˼㣬ֻΪڸղţͻȻӵϢǵжбʣ
ǸɳЫ壬Ȼаʥ򣬶䱳кϵǿߣ
⡭˵һȥǵĹҳϣ׶༪٣
һЩϣжŹ֣Źֻ̬ڲǰոռңǴϱͺڴʱȴ͵Ϣ
Դֱ󣬵ǰ»㱨ȥĻһεŭڣûжŹ֣һʧɽڣͶԪӤڳϣԹҲǲСĴˣϾҪ֪ңֻаٶɽڳϣ
һΣɾҪʧһɽٺڡ
֪һк󣬹ԴǺõǲŽйˡ
ȻԴʱ֪ģֻǴ״ϾϢλɽʿڱǿֲսϢϹȥ󣬴ӹдҴҵ֪ġ
ҲǲϸĽ˵һľֻǵʱһʥǿߵΧһҪŻƻлֻ̫ܴࣿҴ֪ͨϣѵ˵Ĵʵܲ
ڶŹǸԪӤڣ֪ôͣˣԪӤڣ
һ˾ĸʥǿߵսǱƵˣһݣҲ˿ҿֱɽٺڻ̬Ķࡣ
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ҲΪֻ˵˵Ĵʵɽʿ͸ǹҳϻֲƽ̨Ϣܲ󣬹Դͱɵˡ
Ȼͼƫ
վڵ⣬ޱȵһ·Ĺ֮Դһõ
ƽʱԴȻ֪ǹĻ鼫ΪŶԷʱȻҲൣǣȴ²µóԷʱ鲻ܻΪ˶Ź˱̬ţڡ
ΣԴǿ̤ڵ
ʲô£ĻĲ˿ԴڼԷɫʱĻЦѯ
ҳ˴£ڣʲô£ܱȵϹ£Źһι޵ĺôһ壬ͿʼΪһ뵽ĻͲˡ
Ҳ£ԴֻٴοЦһϣǡˣɳЫ壬аʥڣкϵڡ
£
һ仰̾鲻ĹĻңǳˣǶŹ֡ʥڣкϵڣ
ֻһ˲䣬һɱ⣬ֱӾʹڵڣȻ
ɳЫ壿£ҶҪ壡ݲ
һŭĻĻֱӾʧԭء

ҲڹĻɱ䣬ʱ
ãһƧӴ֮ϣһѸӰããǿֱֱɹΪһˣ࣬彡ֻۿȴѵһжһŵӣŭһ·ɹƺܱߵĿ͵ѹࡣ
ֻΪӴʱ飬˳ƵϼӣҲãһɳЫһʵִϵڵ׿ˡ
ಣಣಣ
һ죬ȫִһ߸ߵĻɽǰͣ£󣬵˿ɽһ׳ȥǼʴʱ׿ɫһ䣬ͺݺתͷ˺һꡣ
Τƣ⴫󣡣
Ҳ׿˵Ļˣȫɫ䣬Ǵ׳ŵĴ϶ãҲ뿴Τơ
һȻõģڣȴûһ˿󷨲Ϣֻ˵һ˵Ĵ󣬱Ƴˡ
⣬β˾ŭ
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ҲˣǲͷӺɳЫʣǿߣ׼һȺǨƹȥ
ȴû뵽ȺתУǸŶХһΤƣȻݻأ˾УΣѣ
һ⻰׿˲һŭһΤƣ
ڵѾҪʱֻҪĴ̽һǴĻ㹻ôһУڸȫǨƹȥ
ôͻȻգΪ˹ɳЫǵڵһǲ˰ʥǿ߰
ȷϵɳЫ˴жǶХ˽˾ȻڵʱʥǿߣҲ˵Щ±ǵ֪϶ԶӴˣЩ˵ǰ׿˸֪Ǽ¡
Ҳ׿˱ŭ֮£Τһ·æͳ˾ɳзǿߵȷڶӵĴ£ֻĴ̽һĻȴڴ̽е֪һȻһۼ
ҲΪˣԸ޷ѹƵ棬Ӳ˽ҪȽӲ崦ӵġϾԣ̫Ҫˣûг⣬󣬶Ӳֹܵ׿˵ļνɳЫȺڵĵλңң
Ҫ֪ǿǶȺĺ¡
ХʱҲ˺·ˣа˸ʥڣӵģֻһԪӤڣʥȴһûΪľʾػЩʿΪֻɳЫǿԪӤڣʱǾΧˣʵҲ̫ǿܳڣֻҪһŹգ׿˵˵ִϵڣһȻ⡣
º֪ǵǹңΪһǣҲϲϵʿġ
һУҲıˣҵһγҲȷǺǿϾڴԣÿ춼·ôɽڣǲðѹҸ߲ȫҲˡ
˵ûжŹ̬ĳ֣ХıһУѾɹˡ
һιҵپۼʱɳЫǿҲѾִˣǵʱ򣬱ȫ֪ѵִ򣬾ͱХһȫ£Իǡǵ׿˵Ķӣȡüߵĵλ
ҲХ˽ˣֻǣһ̫ù
ƻõһУͻȻðһƻһǴ
˭뵽յʱ䣬ǾȻûȥˣھǼʴ󣬶ѱնϣǺ
⻹һȫ̽Դ
ˡʵֲ̫ˡ˵ŭӣάȴǵɫһֻӲͷƤ׼˵ŭ
Ȼ֪еĵλǿȫΨһһʥڵĻӰ
ƣȻҪҲҪ֪ͨһһǰȥ򣡡ΤƵľ£׿£ٴڵһŭǰͲֱĨɱ²㣬ļһ
ǰɺϵǿǣΪãȫ尲ȫ룬ͱҪѺϵǿϺ󣬱ϾǸ޵УܱƵǨƣʵɼһ㣬ԷҲ֪ɳЫҪôȥ
ټҲѶХǨƹȥ֮ǰֻҪ̽ȴû뵽
ǸܼӣȻ˽Υ
ҲХ˼ϱڣȺϵǰȥǼºĹҲٺܶ࣬Ҳǳ̫ߣϾкϵڳ֣ﻹٹͣô޷ǾǼԼΪ峤֮λ׼ڣ˵峤ˣǰܼ²
ݺݵֶΤһۣ׿һһٵĵңɱӣ˳ɳЫ嶨Ʋ
Ҳǽ仰׿˲ߣǱߵ£Ժ˵
Ҳʹ˰֣ʧȥǼʴҲ֪ҪòܴãִʵΧڣڣҪȴҪɳЫѰһۼء


301 ˵
ƵˣƵˣ
ǣɳЫۼأһ¡¡ľ죬һ󳩿ޱȵĴЦֱӾʹһɫĹзڸڶԷǿԮִ֮ǰݻ˴
Ϊˣ˼ؼصƣҲֵá
һվڿеģҶɽڳϣʱˣҲһǱ֮ɫģȴǾϲ
ֻҪƻǶԷǿԮ϶ڶʱ޷ִôʣµʱ䣬͸ǵȴϵǿԮˡ
ǰҪܲϢĶɽڳϣܿͷ˻ڣҲֻڽӵ󣬼æ뵱أѰһԪӤڳϣϻطֲϢսġȻҲĺƻǴ
Ҳ˵ĴЦһ࣬ɳЫʥǿߣȴɫһƬҰףǲã򾿾жԶû⴫ڹҵĵͷԷϳӶХ֪ǵȴǵģһѡ
ô˵ǰĹˣʥɳЫˣһ˿ĹâȻѾˣǡ
ҲҪᣡ
ɲǼ䣬һɹ׺֮ɷֱ֮Ӿʹڰ
ãҪƴˡǰɱ˲ûЦ⣬ȫһ
ǰƴΪǲƴУȻԷĺϵǿȸϵȴǵģǱƴܲƴҲҿƴ״̬£ڴݻֱӾȫһ
û뵽ڣȴֱӵת˹ǸոոоһʱȴѶԷƵ˾·
˴˶һۣˣӶԷп˱˴˵˼Ǿӣ
䡫
˵Ӿӣֱȫ߶Լǿطֱֱƿɳ㣬ⲿݶȥɳЫǿߣҲȫͬʱХǰ׷ȥ
ӣôף
֪һŵǰҲҪ
һһ
ɳЫ˴ʱҲܴأɿַħ״Ѫ嶯ǿѹƣѡͬھĴ򷨣ֱֱǰȥ
䡫
ء
һ죬ɳЫʿֱӾˣֱֱǰӰһˣһ⣬ֱӾͱײȥͬʱһӰһκޱȵľͳɱ¡
ã
곤ϣ
ľ죬ˣֱȫͣסҲȫתͼֹԷĻɱ
ȷضµģԭʵǿĹ꣬ò˵õĺս֮󣬹ƣȴҲصġ
ԸղŵĶ٣ġ
˵ӪȣȴƺЩڼٷ˵ĹУ˶ɳЫǿߣֱβ̣λ׼̶ֱ
ֱӾͿĿѣȴ޿κΣֻǿзԵķ׼ɳЫǿߵ׺ݵĻ
ò˵ɳЫȴ˿û赲˼ֻһļꡣ
ˣ
ײɳأʱֱûǶǶһǸ޷ƶֻϿ˵ĺϻֱ͸еһԵĿ־塣
ԼҪô
ۿҪ֮ǰǱս
ҲһƬĺХУһĴȣȴ͵ľʹһ෺𣬡ס֣
һ仰̾öԹķ޶õɳЫʥǿߣȫһӲͣ³ƣŷ֮ؿȥ
ǵµХûǸӳˣ
Ȼ⣬ΪʲôҪס֣˻ǲΥȫӲͣסӰҲͬʱϿһȴݺײˡ
һɢȥһйƽʱڳˣȫաǿһĹ꣬Ҳھ޴ľ֮󣬼תͷ
˾ͼ֮⣬৷ӰΪһˣǶŹ֣ŹɳЫХһһǿߡ
ųϣ
ǰ˺󣬹ˣȫͷһŹôĸɳЫһǶҲǲ֪ǹ꣬Ҳֻ֪ŹһֱǼ˵Ԫ磬ô룬ü˲ߵһ飬͸ˣԵִԺ󣬾һֱսǰ¸˿֪
Ǹޣ
ǡ

ֻ˷ӦȻͬģɳЫˣڼŹֺɳЫǿߣȫһ͵ķһУǲǲĨȥԶŹη塣
ղţǵȷǲΪѾƵ˾·ӵպһ֪ХȴţһᴦǣǱȺǾ͵ڱ壬ֻ౨Ųˡ
ڣȴХûƣȻµ
ǣɳЫǿߣһ۾ͿХ˴ʱı飬˼ȵľηĻ̿֡
ҲȷڱŹʩչ˿Хˣ벻¶ŹֶѣǺ׺һΨһĺֻǱֱӾԱԪ磬ͶԷͬھͷǡǷɱһʱҲ׺ˡ
ԶŹ˵ҪÿʱȻִԸҲԶܴǣƣŹֶԴˣҲû취
һ仰ͽ⡣
ҪôڱطƣҲǲҪôҰȻǵ꣬һҿơ
˳ɵˣôɱֻܴѡѡ֮һǰ߶ٺһ㣬Ͼǻ塣
Ҳڽ֮󣬶Źֱֲӷɵ˵ʱȻŴִǣټǿʿĴɳЫϵǿǷѾȻ̺һΣգХһ֮䣬Ҳ㹻İȫ֤Բˡ
ֻҲû뵽һͿɥȻæХںֹ
곤ϣôִǰŹҲ˵ı飬ֻǰХˣʥɳЫһ춯ȫɱֱӷꡣ
û£û£ǵĴѾҵƳˡ⡭ųϣ⵽ô£Ȼأò˵ʱԶŹ֣ȴһ˿Եľηһʲôﰡ
ǰһж˵ˣӣڸոĸʥɳЫˣ
ԪӤôôЩ
ֹǹ꣬ɽڳϣҲɵˣ⡭ŹֲԪӤǰôôǼɳЫˣ˹
УղƴҪļһһŹ֣ȻȫήˣڣǾǶҶֻһĶŶŹ֣
һ״ɽڳϣȫǵһ
ҲȫԶŹһԵη壬ԪӤڣ
֮ڴڣҲضð


302 ȵ
û¾ͺá˹ĻŹһЦɳЫĴѾôһ·ϣҲХ˿У֪ɳЫĴ״һƣǾ͵ڶԷʧȥ˺Ԯ
һ뵽͵ĲһֹԾȹһ˳Щ壬ҲȫߡЩɶǹѫȻ˷ѣ
棬ȻʥڣȴΪǡ
ս˺۵ģֲ֧˶ãԼԿ˫ƷԪͳԭҺɸ㶨һոĸɳЫ壬Ȼʵϸ˵ֻΪȴûһˡ
ֻʣʥǰڣ϶ʣ˺۵ʥڣӹɽ
ϸ˼УŹֱӿʥɳЫˣҲֻһֱۣӿɳЫˣȫǻë鲻Խľˡ
Цϣǻñ
ڣڲХδ֮ǵ־ҲѲôˡȻǿ־ģǴʱХ˶ԶŹֵ̬ȡ
ڣ·һһǽҲ˾ɲХʱŹ¶ע⡣
ҲŶŹֵĻХˣ˴˶һۣȻ¾һƬΣȴҲòǰɢȵɱңָˡ
ʲôҪͶ
£⼪ǡ

龰ɳЫȻ־ŭɸоХ˼ɱ⣬ٴα˸ɢ
⣬ô죿֣ǴɱХȴǵģŭǱɣܻ壬֣ھҪӣǰôɽ١ʥڣٿǰģӣ
ǣǽ˴˰ɡ˾ŭѵģХڿЦſ˿ڣԪǼҲԼ
ڣХǾ޴ĻںޣͰԼĥΪʲôΪʲôһ˱̬׵Ĺ
֪ˣǻǴҲȥЩⰡХ޶

ǣͨǵĴ󴦣һڹԪӤڳϣʱȴһƬܲ
Դһǰ֪Ϣ߲ЩɳЫˣȻӵаʥ䱳кϵ˾Ͷ֪ˣ˿ֲԲǿԿġ
ȥҲǰװԼвμжԪӤڳϣȫ˴󴦡
һȴܲľԮȴ˵䡣
ĵ£ÿһ˶Թ꼸ǳãϾֻɽڣԷȴǰʥڡ
һΣ곤ǣ϶׶༪ˡ
ɳЫ壬ֻɳЫ徿Ǵðģôкϵ򣿡
жֻмеľǴϳ棬ܡ

ʿͳУڽԪӤڳϷ׷׵ʱһĲȴͻȻʹǰ̾˵ע⣬̧ͷȥʱȴ˲䣬ȫ׽
ǰǧ⣬ڿոһʿӰΪһˣǸǰܲ˴жĶųϣ󣬲ǹˣԼ߰˸ɳЫǿߣҲ֮󣬲ŸֳһǧĲˡ
⡭
ɹˣ
ôܳɹ곤ǣֻɽڡ

һƬȻУǰȺ𽥷ɽһڹϳϣŷ׷ҲڿնͿǼɳЫǿߣǻɢʥϢǿߣΪ׵ĶŹһݣˣǵˡ
ֻһĻŸոշӵĹڳϣȫ˲һƬţͻȻࡣ
ˣ
ôɳЫʥڣƶųΪˣǡųϲԪӤô
ǡŹͷɨǰһۣջߡ
ĻҲХˣй꼸ˣȫɫһݣصǣ
ǹ̬ȣԼһǰٹճϣȫһͷɳЫЩǿߣ˹Ҳˡô곤ϼҲ
ȴǲ֪ûжŹ֣ˣԶŹֶл֮ټĿöŹֲֿޱǿƵ̬ոɳЫʥǿߣҲָмη壬һУȻհˡ
Ǵ˴жָӣˣˣԲضԣҲľֶŹǿֲʵ
˻ˣʲôΪոôʥڣ
ѵǴʿ
ǹңʲôʱôֲˣ

ģһڹҳϣȴҲԶŹ͵ؾԵľη֮飬ÿ·ԹԷǰСǹУҲǱ˸Ŀࡣôȴ֪Ź־ǸողԪӤڵģǡողԪӤڣ̬ӵжԪ磬ҲֻǽԪӤ۷Ͷɽǰڵʵôܣôո˶ʥɳЫˣ

һսڹڲ˿
һսҲ˵ǹҽʮصһ£ϾԵӵаʥǿߵɳЫİ㣬䱳кϵڣһСģͻùһͷʧ棬ǣսֵĽȴԹǿʤĳ˵Ԥϡ
Ҳһսڲų֮ҲʼǿƵ̬ӡĵ
ԼǵĶŹ֣һ֮˰˸ʥڣȻвˡ
һ룬̲ס
Ͼǿǰʥǿ߰ںܶʱ򣬹£Щɣųϱһ
ܶκ˵ڣ˶Ϣǿ
Ե󣬹ڲһᵽŹ֮ͼȫһƬη;֮ɫ
ⲿΣʱļǣϻܲƫڣĻңԴȣȴһΣǰԶĶŹ֣첻֪ηӦˡ
˵ҲɺϣĻɱڵļǣ׼ɱķʱȴû뵽ǡʤصĶŹ֣
ŶŹһ֮ɳЫ߸ʥڣвع飬ϵʱı飬ǲŽһʣãǿʵ
һ·ִӶŹֺ͹˿н֪ľ˵֪ãһ֪ˡ
ƷԪ磬ƷӸ⡭ôû˵
ڴˣŹȴҲһͣǲɣֻǴƷԪ磬һ̶ϣݻӸɳЫ弸˾ͱʩչ˿ҲйܡȻмԪִ֮ԪӤڣƷԪϢ£Ҳ±˷֡
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ʱ򣬿˲ƶǿԣ뿪Ҳû˿Է֡
չһҹĻĽ٣ֱҹ˾ʱŹֱֲǱһЩƵشȥ
ҲһСʱҵʱ䣬͵ִޱߺƸⲿһƫĵɽͷغΣŹŶתƿռ䣬ʼѰ޵Ӱ
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Ϊں˾žŰʮһ֮ͨɽٺڣܱȶɽǰǿϰ˾ʮ
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ĵɾŵٹɡһ͵ڻ߰ٶͨٵɱ󲿷ִʿ

ŵÿһ֮Ĳ࣬ɲֻǴźһô򵥣ԽڣԽֲս
е٣ǵɺ쳾ڣ̬Ҳ٣Ȼͻ׳أһںϣߵ١ߵ٣ȴֻڸӦ磬еִＫʿʱŻһһӦٶʱգֱӽ٣
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ǣޱߺƣɺ쳾ɺ쳾֮ڣҲȻһٵľ׳ء
Щ󣬱ӦǴľ󣬵Źȴٶգһٺ󣬾ڣҲһ׳ء
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ÿŵһ٣γһ٣ÿŵȣγһȣλȥĵھ٣ȻҪŵİ˴ηǧһ٣ںϳһ֣̾ѣƣǸ޷ھٵжôֲǿǧ٣Ϊһ
ھ١ڻǧٵΣĵ٣ɱͨڵʵھ١


304 ٣˳ְ˰
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޴ı仯˶óֻϿյĶŹ֣֪ηӦǺˡ
ҲͬʱϿյĽƣһηƼڶ٣ҲѸײڶ֮ƣһ׼Źֱ£
ǰٴһ죬зΧģ֮ǣҲֻһ˲䣬ЩٴŹʱȻһȫûڣ磬ٴΪ֮һգеĻѹҲɢ
⡭
󳹵ɵˣأ
䡫


ĵ

ھŵ

һǵصĻϢߵĴɫ٣ȫڶ̶ʱڣһһɢֱھŵ׽ٿͻ֮磬͵һƬʣԭ鲼ƣҲڶ̶ʱڣʧ
߿֮ϣֻʣһƾնͦεӰ
ҲȻע£ǵӰͻȻתֱֱ·ɣȵִǰ֮ʱȻһЦߡ
͵һ飬ع񣬿иǷһȲ˼ĵͽУأ
ǰأղžǶ̶̼ӣҲֻ΢һ´⡭ôʲôȫûˣ
ѾˡӰٴЦһתһʧԭء
˻⻰ֱӵһڳ׻ع񣬹ˣĵһ٣ȥˣ
ǣѾȥˣǸţģ
ʷһʿʱսսΨֳһ˿Ȼͻٲ֮أڣ٣ɵһһ㣬㣬Ͷɹˣ
ҲͷĲУһͻƵϢȴ͵ľʹڣֱӿ֣ҲϢ˵ľ磬ҲһӾʹʥǰڣ粽ʥڡ
ͻȻı仯ȴеĸ٣Ķɹˣ
һ뵽һ㣬ֱһܵʷֲľһ㣬ŶŹԶȥıӰΪ¾޴ľ壬ûһȥ
ˣ٣գ
ǵģΪǱŹյĵһΣٻղŵһĻڿ϶ˣЩ٣ȫŹˣ
һǲ㱻Źֵ񣬾ͳ׳˴ĵ׵Ŀ־壬Ϳֻš
ࣿɣ
ԶڣһĴڣ˭һ̸Цɳ٣
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ǵнԶӰͫ׶ѵ·
⡭
ȻԷıӰǽнԶһ̣ȴֻһĪѹֱӾʹǵӰϷѹ£ǿֲѹѹĺüޱ

˵ڡǣŹӱԺڣӰȫįεĶڴڣûһ˿ĳ嶯ХǳĬУͻȻЦһĿڷЦ
ҲĻɳЫʿҲȫͬʱЦһͬʱҡҡͷǶû٣϶û
Ҳʵ벻һֱĶŹ֣ΪʲôͻȻɵ
˵ŹԪʱǾôӴǰ;˻ҰԺһӣû뵽֮ڣͶŹֽӴȴ̬˷ָļһʵĺܺദ
ͿĥȥԷȴûĶĥǣȽ˳޷뿪֮⣬ǰûжٱ仯ȻǣҲڵӣӦ
˭뵽ǲŸӦŹ־ȻҪȥ١ҲôȰûã
찡֪Ǽһ̬̬ףʵʵ¿ԱĳЩˣκ£ǶŹҪڰǣХȿ϶ϲ⣬мĵģֻΪŹֵʵĺǿ򲻸ҲԸЦô۷壬ϵ۷Ҳû˭Ұ˶ٵİ
ʵµʱ٣;Ǿž٣һ϶һҲӲ£Ǻġ
Ҳ벻ףΪʲôѾ͹ֹһˣ̣ѵҪһѰ
ҲΪ¶־ԼҲ˵ˣֻɵɵ
ڴڣһƬ֮̾ʣ⣬ȴͻȻһ죬Ӱֱ˽
һΪǵӰХȫһͣ͵ͬʱվһϲĵˣˣ
˱˴˶һۣٿһ塢ֺ̿һ˿ȻХ£͵һ˿ɣѵͨˣټְˣ
ҲХȵĲΰݣŹͷɨһۣĪˣû
ûˣĪǼˣӦúܿɴ´񡣡ХæشСĵˣ㲻׼ô
ʵͬʱХ¸ǲɶֹӿһ˿ϲ̫ˣһͨˣٷɵˡ
ҿҿֻԴʱĶ·һֱɵ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ХȴͻȻֻΪڷʺ󣬺󷽵ͻȻ¶һ˿Ϣ˿ϢȴԵıʾʱѾʥڣ
ʥڣǾѹ
˻
ӦʥڵϢХˣȫ˲䣬͵ĵһ󳹵ɵˣ٣ɹˣ
ģ˿ڱ˶ʱʩԮ֣
ȫŷⲻŵѰ𰸣ХȴͻȻ֣ʱֻǴǻηͻ֣̿ŶŹ֣ƺӣڲ
ֻһ˲䣬ХȣҲоһĪѹͻȻʹӴڷһ˴ϸеηĿֲѹ
찡Ź֣ȻĿ԰˶٣۷壬ϵ۷嶼ȥ鰡ȴ
ֻһ˲䣬һûĵףӲֹĴͻȻȫԾǾǣɣ
˳ԽڣϽһǸ޷˭˿ֲ¡
ѲɣɣֻΪʲôģֲãֲʵþȥ
ԺٴӿһͷХˣɵˣǻӲһ죬ȥһɼǵҪôô͵̣һȺʥڵϣȥɵĳ嶯
һٴһᣬǷ׷״Թޱȵ񣬿˶Ź֣ˣô˵İ˵ɣǾǴǣҲ
ɲô˵ԽԽ϶ŹӦòһʿ󣬼£ԼȱԷԪ񣬾û˵ִӿһ˿˿ҵĸоǰܱɼʹǺεȵҺҫ


307 ϻɸ
²һŹֵʵݺХˣͻȻͶԼ˵ĹޣŷĪļ顣
˵ǰǱŹֲǲǣֻΪΥôڣĸԸֻϣԷʱҲԮ֡
Īǵˣɱֻɽ޻عҲȾĪˡ
Ҳʵڲţ˿ڱ˶ʱʩԮ֣ڣŶˣУ˲ܺʱԶŹ֣һ־־壬ȴ˷ܵĺ棬Ƿһ㡣
Ҳ£ŹڹҵĹѫֵȴһ·ֹܿ첽ǣǳڣһ·
Ͼʲô£һһ㹦ѫֵС£Ҳֲס˶ֲ࣬סХ˰ʱױȵ顣
Ǽº󣬶ŹֵĹѫֵҲͻƵǧĵزǰ뿪ڣҲһʱ䣬ӵǧĹѫֵֻһǧһܽǳϡ
ٶȣҲǺĹˣһƬĿࡣ
һ࣬ǳϣٶȣҲȷˡԺڣó򣬶ŹֶԼһҲȷֻݣӵ߸ɳЫˣʥڣȻ·ģȥɸʽһʱ䣬Ҳ޷ȡ߰˰ٵĹѫֵ
ǻͨĹ϶ɽڳϣҲҪ߰ʱ䣬ͣأֵزһĶɽڣһֱΪ׼ôʱ䣿ڹڣЩɽڳϣѡһְ񣬼ǰȣײܵš
ٶȣǿĿţԶŹֶԣЩֻΪٶȣҪ۹ʣЩѫǳϣٻҪһϵʱ䡣
Ҳֻ΢΢̾Ϣһֵ̬ռ䣬ѡʵ
ҲʱһΪĿֱӾԾĿڣԭƽ̨񣬾Ȼȫʧĸķ򣬾ȫһ
ϻɸտԪӤɽʿߣϱϻᣬѫֵݸϻɸöϻᣡ
ϻɸƽֻ̨ʣһ񣬶Ź벻Ŀˣɸ֣ҲȷǴһѡ
󣬶Źֻǿ򣬸˳ϻᣬϻɸû¶⣬ҲҪɸ
ܿ죬ȵִﳤϻ󣬼ԴŹֱӿڷʣԴϣôѫƽֻ̨ʣϻɸһ񣿡
ǣԭǶųϡԴһЦһ˿ŵųϿǶϻɸ̫˽⣿
ܲǰһֻǽһ࣬ʹһǳϽǣԺȼ磬ٶȣʵ̫ˡ
ȷʵЩ˽⣬ϣԴҽһ¡ŹҲû뵽Էֱӣǵ˵ͷ
󣬹ԴٴһЦͿʼ˽͡
ҲĽͣŹ£Žַһ˿˿Ĳ
Ҫ˽ϻɸͱҪ˽һЩйϽĴʵγ֮ûϽģֻһķ׽磬֮⣬һƬشԶʿĳ֣һʿƿշ磬ЩʿͽһƬƬ֮УٳһϽ硣
Ǿɽ磡
ʿΪʲôȥΪʲô
⣬ҲǱȽѰζˣףȴƺҲܺûش𣬵һ׷𣬵ڶ׷ǿ
ǻ۵ģƲûжˣĸԸȥһ
ԣŻô࣬һ;ʱͲסջ󣬷׷̤·һߣֻҪĵزﵽǰļޣͿƿշ
ɽ磬Ҳȷֻʹ൱ɣͶӵ޾Ԫ
⣬Ҳʿ׷ˡ
˵ɣʵǴڻߺϵڣɽһֳƺֻҲмǾǴʿ֮󣬻ɽ磬֮ȣϴ壬֮һĴʿӵеֻ̥
ߣǰߣͱ־ų𣬺ߣȴֻǧԪʵϣӵ֮ɣҲǴ˻ߺϵʿܱġ
ûκҰģֻĹ׷ʿôֻҪڣͿֱӷȻɽѰһƫƧĵش޾
ò˵ƺֻһ¾ٵʿһӵ޾ʱ䳤ˣ²ҲеͼįãȻˣҲиʽԵֻǣʽ˻߹ϸ
ԣǸʱʵҪԣҲ͹˳֡
ɣɽ֮ڣȴ½һķֻһеͲĴڡ
׿ֱɽͨˣʵɱȻֵһᣬò˵ɽڣԶɵǿߣҲ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪磬˶꣬жƿշϽ磬ЩˣȫӵԪУʵȻԽԽ
ģɽڣ֮ϵˣʵҲһĻ֣Ǿɡɡɡɵۡ
ҲΪʲôкܶʿһ粽ڻߺϵԺ󣬲ûֱӷʵ
һڻߺϵڣǵԪ;һǧ꣬Ǽڷɽ磬Ҳֻһ²Ĵڣһ磬ʵ
ͻƴڻߺϵڣôͻֱӽɣɽ硣޷ͻƣһ˺ڻߺϵڣǵȷ֮ҲܳΪɺڵǿߡ˵ԴںͺϵΪһ磬ǸԲϻʵ編ʲôġ
ȻЩɲͨķͨķ˶ԣû
Դڻߺϵģɱ
ЩɱȻһʿƳģһЩ֮·µģʵϣһϽ磬ĳͨģֻҪ㹻ʵͿƿռɽ뷲׽硣
ò˵ϵˣȻʱ·ģ࣬Ϊ٣
֮ʱ͵ľ׳أ׽٣ΪӦЩʵһǿʿڵʿȻʵϣҲִ۷壬ѾŹ٣ֻҪûзγ֮ҲûͻƴڣͲٵƲá
֮֮ͲһˣЩּԴݻˣֻҪһ٣ͻӦٶ
Ĳ˵ֻǵھŵ٣ǵڻǧٵĿֲѣɵۣδɽ£ϽˣȻһһһ˫
Щȴ֪Ȼв·ˣ˳ܶʱֻ˵ʵ֣һɣֻӭ٣ԻɱɣԷϣδûиߵȵɱ֮Ҵ棬ЩǷ׽еĴˡϵʿѰٵ
ϻɸһһɸ
һٵƲ£ƳǳɸȴҴ˵ʲô˵ɸĵȼĳ֮ϣϻɸϵдڣϵʿˡ


308 дĽ
ǣֻҪǴڻߺϵʿϻɸȴһְֺ޵ģ
ԭܼ򵥣ϻɸڣӵеĲֹµɱɵһд֮
Щ֮ڴµʿѵõǿǱ߶˳ʿ壬ſֲĺôЩڴڶԣȴһŷɥĶ
κδڻߺϵڣһӴֱ֮Ӿͻᱻ߻֮ʱǵȴǵʲô
٣
٣ɼȻҪжԶӶԶٶȣݽɽ硣ϻɸʱвٵùĴںϵʿڣѰޱȵɱǽһǱȫһȥֱӾͱе֮ʼ֮ӵÿģֻܴҴҽɽ磬ӵģͳױ˳
ԣڡϵʿֻϻɸڡ
ǣҲֻܰϣЩԪӤڡɽʿˡȻһȵϻɸ֮ʱҲֲɽʿڡ
ϻɸˣӵеģɶµģֻҪõһЩͻᰴֵӦĹѫܵõɱֻһҲһһǳϣֱӽΪǣ׽ϻɸ壬ԴЩĿŹ֡
ܲŹˣʵʵֲ̫ˣֻԪӤڣܸ߰ʥʿëѼѪڸΪūͣǾĳ̶ֳϣԱˣ
ʱǽϻɸֲþֱӱ֮ǡ
ҲŹԴĻŹҲĬ
ɽ磬ɸ
ЩԣҲЩֻҪڣɽ磬ܳ¶κһˣӵױȵջ
Ҳ󲿷ִʿǵڶȹٺֱӷɽ磬ҲֻһеͲڶʱڣʲô¶ˣЩĹʿԣںܳʱڣңڡ
ò˵һӵ޾ǻǡʲôⶼܷҪõңɣҪǿʵΪ
ԣڽԺһ޵еʵһЩĵ̣ɱʲôģҲȷǺܲѡ
ڣȥһϻɸҲΪԺ׼ͻˡ
ֻϽˣ·ĳͷҲǾ׽٣Źȴһ˿ΪصɵۣҲδµھ׽ٵѹɽ磬·ӦþһֽɣԼ
ԣȴʵڹ죬պ޳ˣڵľ׳أ·ʱǣǿٶ٣ɳŹȥʱɽ硢ף
һ뵽ЩŹ£Ǿ쳣Ź֡
ܿ죬ְѹȥϾɽʲôģڶЩңԶԵģǻ۹ѫΪǳϣȻѰҳڵأԶԸ
ǰϻɸҲһûᣬһֱǳϡ
ڡɽʿ޷ڣǽϻɸʿǿǶɽٺڣҸûвЩŹ£һӿһƬ죬ڶɽٺʿӸʿǶûвԷĸʱԪԪҲǡ
Ĳ˵ɽٺڣϵ٣ҲǾž٣ȫǾһǻǣֻҪ㹻٣٣ɱ٣û˿أ
Ҳ˼ķתŹ£Ҳ¶˾ģϻɸȷֵȥһΣǿʵԴϣϻɸڵĴΣûκƵĻ²һУҲͱϴһ˰ɣ
Ҳȷ棬κʿɸƣȴһͷޱȵģǱϾɸûκƣǻֵõȥƣֻ㣬ֶΣ²½˿ơ
ǺǣϻɸڣȷƵġŶŹֵĻԴͷʼ͡
ϻɸڣ֣ڸ⸮
Ȼֻһɸʵǿ˶ԣ׾Ϳ԰ѿռУʵϣǼһ޾Ŀռ䡣
⸮µĸֽƺֶΣЩĽƺֶΣɶɽԼڸģǿĲ˼飬ȫʢʱڵĽֶΣȻ֮ҲƵĿ
ЩֶΣǴξ׽֮У⵽شܶ඼ֻܷӰٷ֮͸ͣЩҲ㹻ǿˡ
ĨɱڣǶģڶɽںԪӤڣǸ٣ɱ١
⸮ǲдĽơ
Ʋ⸮ڸˣڸ֮УʲôȻ֪ģΪֱҲûͨ⸮
еʿϻɸǳЩȱĽƶȥ
⣬˿ֵ֣ЩƣɶһʵɽƣһµĽƣø۴Ҳһֲĳ̶ȣ²һԶǿ鱦ҲԶɽͨɱ
ɸĲдĽƣΣգһͬڵʿˣѰһȫƻĽƣõһЩϡҪСģɽڻԪӤʿᡣ͹󣬹ԴٴһЦŹ֡
ԭˡ棬ģЩдĽƣ֮ΣյģҲǲдĽƣ˭Ҳ֪ЩƻĽƣжȫƻĻãǻֻǰٷ֮һҲĨɱκηʿˡҪֹʿɱ˶ᱦǶв󡣡
ٴεͷŹֲʵɸʲôʱ俪
Ҫ׼ܵĴ㹻٣ֻҪ㹻ǻǾݻеĲдƣҲ㹻ģϾЩƣǴƲбƻģֻҪ㹻٣κʿ
ȻҲഢ٣Ҳֻ٣棬õһЩɽ汦ɷԺ˵Ϳ汦ɱޣЩͿƵĻȡˡ
⣬Ķĵط
ò˵٣ҲҪʱ䡣Ȼɺ쳾ڣ֮ļ޷ҲÿӶ١
ÿ붼УǸЦǴڣһֱͣıɱֻ͵ȵ٣Ҳ֧Ų˶ã͸ȥѹɺ쳾ڵʯˡ
Ȼɺ쳾Χشܱʿѹһգ˵ٳֵƵʣʿл׼ʱ䡣
ƵʣƽڿɼΧڣ߰˷ӣһ
˶ԣȻǿֲ֮ˣҲһֲ̫ãֻѹΧʯΧģҲ
ԶŹֶԣƵʻ̫ˣһһҪһӣҲ˵ƽһСʱֻܴ߰˵٣һ죬ҲֻǶٵңҪĸʱ䡭еĳԭҺճ٣ҲҪϵʱ⣬ϾлҵԭҺأ
»ûôʱ䣬ȥ׼
ҲȻŶŹֵʻԴֱӾЦŵϻɸĿҪʱ䣬Ҫǰһ¼ųϾԶЩ׼
Ǿ£Ҳˡ⻰ŹȻ̫٣صĵ˵ͷ£ȫԭҺճ٣ȴҲٻˣǰ۵һ٣⵽ʱ򣬾һǿ
ϻɸ뿴澿ʲôֻҪõһ²Ǿܻ㹻ĹѫֹԲҳ䣬իhƳ뻯ԪӤڡ


309 ǰϦ
ڳϻܲԴһЩϻɸˣŹŸǶȥ
ЩˣȻ飬ȴҲǺõġ
磬ÿһΣϻɸʿǽӽʲô˵ֻھɸ֮ǰ£ͳ˼ȫΪɸս֪Ĵˡ
ңҲ֮һйٶɽںƵԪӤڣÿɸֻǸÿһεĲͬҪͶ뼸Ҳһֲˡ
Ҳˣټ֮ɢޣСɡ
⵽󣬽ɸÿһΣӴôˣ޴ɸռ䣬̽˲֪ٴȻҲ˼༫ľ顣
һ򵥵ӣɸ⸮УЩдĽƣеģǱƻƵٱģԶɽԪӤڵв󣬶ЩƣɽٺԪӤڣ̽ʿǳ֮Ϊ̽ơ
еģȻҲأȴɿ׾ɱκζɽʿΪơ
ǿ̽ƣǾϣϣԵõЩޱȵȻĶ
ƣȻû˻ȥùͷ
ЩϢ̶ȣӹɵģȥɸεģȫǶЩġ
Ȼһв̤֮أû˸Ҵֺ
ϾǿɶǰʿѪܵ̽ġ
ٱ磬ÿһνȥҪһƬ⸮вٵشһƬƣеǿ̽ƣ߱˴˲ӣƶ࣬ǿ̽ƶࡣ
ЩƵģȻû˻ҪЩǿ̽ƣд̽Ƶıأ;֮ˡ
ЩشĻ֣Ҫ߲㣬ɸ֮ǰͿʼһδλ򰵵ĽⲿѾֻãĽȥԺҲһֱƽ£õ̺̽Ҫʱ̷Сַ
ǧҪСЩСɸ⣬ȻײΪڣ̫ںϵڵ𣬵ɸȴһصĻ˺ϵڣ޷ڡ
µŲ̫
ڣлõرõֻ֮Ҫ뿪һȥΪ㣬ô
ЩСĵԴ
ֻҪлᣬǾ;ԲĲһѡ
Сʿ壬ЩˣһͼΪֲˡ
֮⣬ҲҪֹ侮ʯϻɸڣһеһУĺܻңΣա
ĳɸĸ߲㲩Уƣõصǿ鱦أǲʿ;Իǿġ
Ҳǰ˵ÿνɸǲʿҪ
ڣɸ£Ҿȡһ򣬵ڻδ֪һֻܿºĽ
Щ֮⣬оǣڿ̽ƣƽ⣿
Եһ󷨽ƣ㣬һǿ֮ڶþͨ󷨽ƵʿȥԭƳ
ɸڣȴֻһ·ߣǾǴԭ
Ҳ򵥣ǿ󣬲ǿƳ󷨵ĸʹ䳹ʧЧЩƵĴ󣬿µĸ˿ֻɽ䱦Ĳ֮׷öɽʿɱɱʮ꣬δ֡
ϻɸڣ̸ǿֻЦ󷽣ֻܴ󷨸ƽѡ
Դˣ֮ڣһֱѰҡгǿ츳־ͨ˵ʿǧգһʱһɸ֮գý޺󣬾ͻһʿһͨ󷨽Ƶʿһ̽ڣ˵ΧĹͽ䱸˵ϮɱЩͨߣо
⣬ҪȡֶΡ֮⣬ΨһһֶֻΣɱˣᱦ
ò˵ǣŹԴЩŹֱֵˣţ˷
⣬Լͨô
˵ֻҪͨԭҺ֣ѳ̶ȵĽ⹹ԼκνƣѾǾͨˣ
棬Ψһڽ⹹֮ǰӲŹЩƹԴ˵һ
ô˵󣬶ŹҲûжⷢκֻǼˡ
һУ֣ȻǺɸйصһЩ£ҲĶǺõġ
֪ЩϢһڣҴײǻǻ˱ġ
ǻĸ̾뿪ϻ󣬶Ź־ԱչΪͷϵĶɺ쳾ڣմ١
飬һȸһԡ
Ҵҹ£ֱʱޱƽʱִһ١
Щ٣һ˼֮ȴûȫתɸߵ٣ֻһ٣٣Щķһ
ʣµĹ٣ٵ٣Լǧ鳾ˡ
˻֣ҲΪڹԴõĸϢġ
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ֻҪв̤ͻԲɿĳǿƣٶĸߵ٣Ҳá
ൽɲɽ١ԪӤʿΣյģҲ˼ɵ
µԪӤɽڣв󣬿һ࣬ѰˣӴʿȺȻЩȫӵӸܣǯһ룬ģֻܿˡ
٣ǿǿȴҲԵȱݣǾһ٣ֻһĿ꣬ȫߵ٣ɱĿ꣬Ȼ׾٣һϴʿ͡
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ƽÿɽʿǧԪӤʿһţɹĶʮͨ󷨵ʿ
ƺƵžϻɸһǽȵִ˸Ǻ˾Ͱԭȵķɣӵһſʼֱͳ˧Ķɽʿ죬΢֮ɸȥ
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310 ϵǿ㣿
Ҳһ߸̾һߵȴУŹŶӣڶʮţҲƣǧԪӤʿгһӣվڹ㳡һ߽ǣȴڶʮŵͳ˧ʿǰ
ֻȴû˸ҺͶŹֲվһ
⵹ܵų⣬Ϊû˾ʸ񣬺ͶŹֲС
ЦһһսŹ־ԾǺճһס˹ʿһ֮ʥڣ塭书ĳ̶ֳϿȴˣĸԪӤʿУ
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ǲǶųôЩԣ˵ǴʿôôҲμж
ȻͿ϶ǴڣֻǣǴڣôһ˽ôʥڣ㿴棬ʥڵɳЫ壿
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ȷΪŹֵԣһӵжԪ磬˵ƷԪ绹ܴԪʿΪ⣬ûеõ֤ʵ¸û˻ţֱ񣬶Źֵʵڴ󲿷ֹʿУǸաųɾϵˣֻ֪ǿȴû֪Ϊʲôôǿ
ˣҲЩʿ־ηŻȵļڴʵ߳ʿܲôҪ֪ǿǴŰȫ
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΢֮ӰֱӾͿٰͷŹָȴһǰȹһĹꡣ
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ʵ򣬹֪ǣŹֵƽֻΪѹͲ֪ʲôϵϵ֪Լʱϵǿ㡭
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ټһı̬һˣӵԪ磬ƷԪ磬һ֮ԪӤʿ߰˸ʥڣһͷʱ䣬ǳϣһеһУԸǹڲȴ֮ʿķͷˣֹǱϵǩڲ֪Уϵ֮һǿ㣡
ò˵һУŹѹʲô֪
ԣȻɻ󣬵һƽĶЦԵĹõǺǣóϡ
һϰ壬Էһ䵭͵ĮǣŹȻҲЦȥкˡ
ֻǵɨһۣͲٶ࿴
Ǻǣ곤ϣȻǵڶʮţѾ룬ǾͳɡҲڶŹֿʱһֱƲͷĹϰ壬ȴ͵¶һ˿ǳЦ͵ĶŹ꿪ڵ
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һ˿ߣϰٶȱͷȥУһƬѻͲмܿ죬Ҫ̬ļһ֪󷨽Ʒ棬ԷЬ䡣
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ܴڿռֻ֮ԪʿΪΣϰ壬Ŀǹ֮˿


311 Ǹһε
ǺǣųϣڳԹϰĴߴ٣ȴûֱ½ۣתͷŹ֣⣬ȻҪȡŹֵĵͷŻҪϣǰλϵǿ㣬Ҳ¶¶
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ֻǣû죬Źȴƺûвϰ尵еӺʹѹһ㣬ֻɫƽĵͷ
⣬ٴοĹһȻʵڲ֪Ź־ʲô㣬˵ԷƣҲҪһ°ɣѵĳǸ֮
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仰ҲܹϰɫΣƴĵڶʮţǰȥ
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˵ִʱһƻߵϣѾò֣УǳȺӵӴʿȺ򶫲ȥ
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һһĹŹ塣Щ壬ɢܺ󣬱ϡͳ˸ֵϢ
ʱдʿ͸ڶ򹬵ڸϽ
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ڶʮŵִɽ֮󣬹ָǰɽȣŹִ͡
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һֱ߽ͣŶӣһڷɽ
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ҲŹĻϰֱӵ˵ͷȴҲûֱڣƵĿ˶ŹһۣһۣҲһۿŹ֡
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ʾԵ棬Ź־ٱֹֻ̬⣬ŻѣܴӴڻһɽǿйϻҲ⽱Щ΢Ĺѫֵء
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312 ͨ󷨣ҿǴ
ҲŹϰʾԵעӣֱӾ϶ѰζЦ⣬ڹĪǼˣȫɫ΢䡣
ˣǶɽٺڶѣȻƴˣ
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Ҫһ㣬ͱȻȰǰеشȫ̽һ顣

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ԭԶ֪ЩʿܽӴԭ˶ٱĵȼȫһΡ
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ϻɸʿȫһ󣬾ѡһشȻԼ֪ʶȥƽǰĳһڵһС
һΣͺñȸߵѧһ㣬õеѧĳԭҲ㣬ãеԭôʱоͿƽ⣬ã㣬Ҳֻ㵹ùˣװ˷һʱ䡣
Ͼɽ󷨣Ҫƽ⣬ʵ֮⣬ҲҪȻÿʿÿνƽһΣôڣɸͱˡ
ϰ壬ɸĴҲʮˣҲֻϴΣҳɹһζѡ
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֪ǣ󷨰ȫ֮ĶŹ֣ȴһֱڳű˵סӰʱʱһĶ

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ǰĵضΣ޴֮еĹϰ壬΢΢УתͷŹֿȥȴֶԷڲͣķȥ⵹á
޴ֻ֣ڿͷıȻ״ֻǿͷƤȥƽ⣬ڣһ֪ļһȴҲˡ
Էͨ󷨰ǡͨͨ󷨵ˣЦƶƤġ
ΪŹֶתϰ󣬲ĵͶ˶ǰεоС

ʮպ
һ̧ͷֶԷڷ衣
ϰֱЦһһûͷӬһҷɣӲͷƤΪԼļģҲҪһֱܵȫŰɣ
εҡҡͷϰһΣʼо


313 ɽƣ
ĺǿ
ԭ˵ȶŹǰҪյ֪ʶҪ߳ͨʱΪȻ޴
ò˵ŹȴԭҺֳ̣
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ڼ䣬ÿһȣǿ൱
ǰŹȴʵ֤ǿԼֻҪһЩԭͨһߵϰ⣬ȥݳߵȵԭ֪ʶ
ͱǰҲֻ˵һ󷨣ǳ½һ󷨣ͿԭҺг͸˼ԶǸʿȥı
ҲΪ׳͸ǸԭϣҲѴﵽ˺͹ϰȣµĳ̶ȡ
ʵ
ֻǺ͵ȴɸѵöֻ࣬Ϊǲȱġ
˵ʲôһֻѧѧԭѧȥֱӽһѵĻɾ⻹ǲ֫壬ֶܶˡ
Ƕһ˶ԣͷת򣬺ܶطᡢ޽⡣
ҲΪѶһԶŹһκķѵԭҺҲԶֻʹͨԭҺͨԭҺǻɱͨ޻ʿܴȡһͨᵤޣһǧԭҺԶŹֶԣȻû˿ѹ
ԣֵݺоѾʮգһͷ
ԭҺĳãһݣָ֮ŶԴŹ־ţֻҪȥƽ
ֻȻԼϢʮ㣬ʮȴһֱתȦȦ龰ȴĪǵˣȫޡ
ȣҲ֪ŹھԭҺǣҲ򵥣ϾҪֵҵĹһֱŹΪƹ˵Ԫ񾫻֪꣬ĳһ̶ʲôֻҪһ˿϶һԭҺУһεʣͿˡ
⼸˵ӰڵԶʿ֪Գֻһֱͣĺҷжѡ
⣬Ȼȣǵɫ࣬ȴҲû˸˵ʲôֻһֱӲͷƤȥ

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һǣڱĿ˼Ĺϰ壬ͻȻһ˿ϲ󼱼ۣǰһεش
ֱҪ̫ˣһµ㣬ڴֿͷͷ߳ϲķ֣ǰһεشһߵѧϰڣżӵһѧԭ㡣
⡭
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ǰʮΣǿɾǼʱ䣬ڣһżõһӶڼڣλȴû뵽һΣȻĺ£
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Կ϶ֻҪץסһεشͣȥһļڣƽ⿪һεشȻȡһڣµ
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ǡ鲻Խľ㵸һףȹϰ͵תͷⲿʱǼӰԾȥãĿġ
ϰҲ̲סֱӹЦ
ǸһȻڣԭΪֻװװӣͻ˶أû뵽û뵽۾ǹŹֵ֮ɫϰһͷ񣬿ʼоǰΡ

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ǰĴ󣬽ѾһüĿٿǱ߷ȥĶŹ֣ϰֱҪЦˣûȡġ
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ˣҲ̫Բˣڣ϶ǲ̨֪ˣ

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ʱ䣬ŹĵԭҺʮƣͨԭҺģҲüĿϰ岻ͬǣԷģֻһСεüĿȴ
ͨͣ˼ݣԼһṹݻնԱȣŹڣڶɽ󷨵ԭ֪ʶ˱Ƚϵͳա
˵ֻҪһЩϵͳ֪ʶǴӴԺٶϴƽٶȣͽǿֲ
ˣֻҪЩϵͳԭƶϳͼһоͶˣһ˿ɣŹֿɫҲ˼

һ졣
ףǼһôͣˣһδ˼ѣоԼǰһδ˽⣬һЩϰڣһƬϲãֻϰԵĿŹʱȴͻȻ֣ǸһֱڰȫȥµļһʱȻ˰ȫȻôڵأĿ˼
⣬ùϰһȴһȻʧЦ
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ŶŹֵϥĪǼˣȴһƬɫֵӣôվ
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Ҳã󷨣ͲǴ˵ҪǸļһ̫ţҲᡭ

Ҳɫ΢֮ʱԪӤСڵʿȴҲȫһƬɫ֣Ҳʵڲ֪־ηĶųϣ⼸ʲô
ҪΪһ񡭡
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ŹֱӷӣЦһʧԭأһγʱѾִ˰ȫ⣬һΪյ⡣
ף
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Źֵ춯ǰΪ˵ĹϰֱһˣʲôˣҲȫϣ¶Ϊɻı顣
ò˵ɻҲֻǳ˼Ӷ˾͵ȫɴ۾׾
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ͷ·Ǳһȼյһ𣬽ȴΪһͻϮ˲Ϩ

󷨵ɢһһףʮ׵ɫ񱮣ֱӾͳǰ

Ǹ񱮣
ôһ󷨣ôֱʧˣҲ©˳

˲ı仯ȫɵˣǸɢǿ֮񱮣Ҳ˵ϰһ˲䣬͵ذͷҧϣһ˫۾Ҳֱӹĳۿ⣬ôܣǼһһε󷨣ôʧЧҲֱӱ©˳


314 ոտʼôѾ
ѵʧЧֻ̫ãǡ
ȵĲ˼Уϰ岻ΣţǶŹֻּƳһ󷨣˼Ҳֻ˼
ò˵ͻȻʧЧͷҲֻһ˲䣬ֱѹЦЩƻͻȻʧЧĻﻹҪЩΪ˷ѾĻ
ǸͷֱȶŹֿԻּƳǰĴ󣬸ĵ
𾪣ٲţϰ廹ǵġ
Ȼų޻Ĺ֮ԺУ͵ðһͷѵǶԷڣʲһֱԻңȻһֱڷȥȴһֱͣǴΣ
뷨ȻҲЩкʵʣֻΪƿһδʵﻹҪʲȥԻΪģ
ԷһսҲмİգܻ
뷨Щʵǰϰͨģֻһˡ
ǾǶŹ󷨷棬ĺܾͨͨ¾ͿƿһΣʵȴЩ飬Щ硣
Ҫ֪Ҳһǰ£ȴֻǿһγ͸һһ㣬ٻҪʱ䡣
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찡һܾͨ󷨣ȴƫƫװһʲôӣһֱͷԵķϼ£ֻΪģ
һ⼸ԼÿÿҷһͨʱĳͲмȻʱҲ㼫Ϊ泩ò⣬ٻȴҲ̱֣ЩʱҲΪ˷˲ģһֱûжŹڣûжԷһֱװСһġ
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ò˵Ҳû˷ԷһΣܵ˼Ĵ̼ڶԷƽ⿪ڶ֮ǰǰǶƿǶҲһЩ档
һҪ棬Ȼ˸ˣϸϸ˼Уϰ廹Ǻ޲˶Źֲܽޡ

ˣ
һΣıˣ

Ҳڹϰ屻ŹֵĶĿ࣬¸Ǿʹ֮ʱĪǵȼΪŹֻ֮õɳЫˣҲȫһ˲㱻ŵҧ⣬ɵɵһ¶񱮣ȫ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
͸ЩԪӤڳˣдϣΪͻȻıʣȥ֧ϳķ֣ڵһʱ䣬ֱӾǷֱεɱƣϮľһζ
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찡ųϾȻ˾ͨ󷨣ֻ£ƽ⿪һΣ
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ϰ峤ϣǹʷǿŰ

һƬƬӵ˽̾Ⱥл죬ЩҲϰԼŹֵȷֺ
ЩŹֵɫֻһڣĨһ˿Ź֣Īǵ˵ıͱȽϾˡ
ǰǻΪŹֱذܣȴû뵽ʤˣǸޱȵļһóķ˶Էٴھ֮̾࣬ҲǼû뵽˾ȻͨսԷԪ磬һ£޵֣
ֲǣ˾ηֵ̿Ľѣ˶˳ְƽȻǴλ֮󣬶ԶŹΰȹһ£ڣηʣû˿йֻһʱ̱϶㽵ɫҲõˡ
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Ҳż˵עӣԪӤڳϵķ׷׵ϰһ׾ˡ
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գϰǵһ󣬻ǿѹµľŭ͵һֱӶŶŹֵķǣû뵽ųϾȻ˾ͨ󷨣ǰȴϰ̫ڴˣ֮ĽڲŸոտʼ
ҧгݵĽ仰ϰҲηӦֱӾתּҲһ֣ȫͶ˶ǰεоһҪΣȻǸյС˿Լʵ
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ҲŹϰĻǴԪӤڳϣһƬȻ飬ųϺϰ峤֮䣬һεĽ
ڿϰ峤ϣǳͷβˡ
ֻܵϰǿҵԹս⣬ҲвʿʼΪϰϧǰûжų⺺һȥ˷ЦӶùϰģǶԷҲδػôס
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ŸոտʼôԺһЦԷǵҲ֣ٴһӡ
ڶΣ̾ͷ۵һ졣
һݱһ㣬ſе΢εղŻڽҵΣ̾ɢ
ڣһҲĳǰ
ڣΪε߽⣬ڣԭǸһԪӤСӣͻȻͷ֣ԼˣҲû˼֧ŷֵıҪ
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⣬һΣԷô˵Ҳƽ£أӣҲ̫˰ɣڣ⻹ϰ峤ϣոսǾĵս֮󣿣
ˣҲôİɣ


315 ϰ峤ϣ㻹Ǳ
ʿǰֱƽ⿪Σ¶񱮣þ
ڣܶ˶УƺŹϰǾŵĻ֮ĽڲŸոտʼ
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ҲһƬ֮УŹȴٴһЦ񱮣һִֵһΡ
ΣҲ΢Ц£ɢֱ¶һ
⣬ʵڲֵ֣ǰ£һֱоɽ󷨵ԭ͹죬ʱ䣬ֻһݣãȻƣȴҲԲˡ
ƽǾû˿Ѷȵġ
־һ˼ѾݳͼһнṹֻҪһʼǾͲһΣ
ԣŻԹϰǾ仰еЦãǵĽǸոտʼѽ
ƿΣŹҲ˿ûͣЪ񱮣ͳһηȥ

ۡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ĸˣ
ųϣֻһΣôƽ󣿡
ԣƽôһ֣ͽƿΣ

ҲŶŹֽƽ⣬ڽʿַ׷ױŵѹ󣬿ѾʧЧĸεĴʿͻȻ;ϴһϮ
ǵģǲܲûһ̣ʷǿ֮ϰ峤ϣŸոշºݻ߶ųϣȴֱжϰ峤֤ˣ˸һεʿ
һƬĿ࣬ƿ֮Уʿ͵תͷϰڵķƺ뿴һڵĹϰ壬ʲô飬ò˵˼ϰµķ֮ڣĿ˼ʱȴֶٴ
ϰ峤ϣƺĪĴ̼׼ȫôһûһɫĳ˼ģ϶ڸղ˼Ĵǡ
֪䣬͵ľȫһЦãϰ峤һΣעҪˣһı硣
²ǵۺǰ󣬾ȫûˡ
˸޷һ̲Ÿո޴սϰ峤ϣһ»ʲô̶ȡ
پûϰе磬һ࣬Źֵƽ⣬ȴû˿ͣЪһΣһΣһһ֣ܿ죬ԭĴ󣬾ʧȥУԭ﷽Բ֮صĹɱҲһһɢֻƬʱ䣬ֻʣ˹ϰǰһС
ʱȻڣΪʧȥȫУԾҲͷκֱӾͱ©£һαŹֱս˴ָ
Ҳֵ֣һϰٸСɵĴʧȥһʮСΣȻˣشȴɿԷӹЧֻʣһʱǲΣټˡ
ҲɢԭУֲʩһֵĹԪӤڳϣ׳Ĭˡ
ģųڣ׽⹹󣬵ڣտҲܣûô
£ϰȴһζûƽ⿪Ĳ࣬治һǰ㣬ǰٶ౶֮ޡ
ڣԼµķ֮ڵϰ峤ϣȴһļŵɫƺʱ̵źͶŹ֮Ľ⣬ֱӾʿԺһ˿΢΢ѣС
⡭ϰ峤ԼûˣҲ֪᲻ᱻιȥ
ȣųҲδ⡭Ҳδ̫̬ˡ
ϰ峤һΣ̫ùˡ

ʿ΢΢鴤գһƬϧĿŬܶȥ˼׷϶ŹֵĹϰ塣

Ҳͬʱ⣬һֱפţֹɢ޼ȺĹ͹ãҲڵһʱ䣬Ϊ󷽴춯תͷ
󣬵˼ŶŹֵһһ𣬿ʧڶ̶̼ڣɢǸţϰٿɢǿһ񱮣ȫŹ
һ龰˽ԭء

أ

ãûȥ˶ۿŶŹֿƽ󣬸ȴǸ޷ţղһһµĽƣƵһɶ
ЦЩƣţҲûһ˸˵оԵİһڣƿĳһ̽һģΪҲҪ
ڣȻڶ̶̼ڣȫƵĵβʣ
ֱҪ̫ˣǣ˻ǶŹ֣
ǸӵжԪ磬²ֻܹ˲ı̬Ĳֹ֮࣬ʱȥ󷨣ͨҲӦþͨô׵ĳ̶Ȱ
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ҲŹķʣŹֲƽһЦ˵ͷϰٿɽôʵϣЩղŵõЩɽ֪ʶδؾͳߡ
ֻԹŹֵĿŬܶĹϰ壬ŶԷһͶ룬ҪָµģЩ̽
⡭ϰ峤ҲŶŹֵעӣֱӾ;úһɫȻû֮ǰϰǾ仰ȴҲ֪һνнһ˼ԭȻ˿öŹ֣ڡ
ģϰ峤ƺ֪ŹѾ󣿶Ŀһᶨ˼֮ɫƺΪʤŬ
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Ǿ͸˵һֱΪϵǿ㣬һ·ûѶŹַϵĹϰˡ
һһֱҪһεɸжʤѹ¶Ź̬ǼΪ׵°ɣ
ʵȴ˹ãҪѹŹ֣ǸһֻҪԼԷҪллˣ
̬̬һôϣҲ̶ֳ̬ȣǿѪߵĳ嶯ʵڲȹϰ
ֻΪ޷󣬵ȹϰ忴ѱƵһɶĴʱʲôӦ


316 ھѪ
ֻٲȥϰѣø֪ѵԽԽãֻΪȵʱԽã˵ϰͶľ;ģҲԽǵʱܵĴġ
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ϸ룬ȻֲģǲòӲͷƤȥϰ岼µķ֡
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Ҳһ죬ԭĴڣǧ֮Ĺҳϣȫɫһݣ׹Ҫʲôʿɫһ䣬ȫ¶һҲ̶֮ɫв٣ֱӼͷ
ϰ峤ϣҪ군ˣ

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ҪʱָһЩϰ岻ܲŭû˴ţЧʣһӣҲٶ׷϶Ź֣Ϊʲô
ȵķŭУϰֱۣһ۾ͿǰĹá
ִģǹã⵹ùϰǻŭ͵һͣҲֻһ˲䣬ϰٴóϣʲô£
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ҲΪͻȻϰ嵹ڲִټûע⵽ܴ
ϰ֮󣬾һĶȻ֮ԼݣڣݣôһδĿЦһ͵һӣָҵϰ峤ϣ㿴
˵仰ʱ򣬹ȴֱӱۣȥϰɫ
ʲôΪ֣ԹϰȻգȴɱ侲ȥĻȴ͵һŭڣֻΪõϣûһ㽹˼ȫһֵ˼޵ɫûнͷŭô֣
Ǳʿ֣ΪʲôҪݣѵ֪ԼһҪͷô
ֻٷŭϰ廹˳ŶԷָʾתͷˣͻȻͽ
ĿɼģһƬɾ͸֮յģû˿ͨ˿ȥȻֲ˿ֵֵĵطǣĴأ
Ҫ֪ƬʼĿ˼ʱǸطǱֵİ
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ҲŻԭ֮ɫͽһļ㣬ȴ֪һȴģǶôֲ𺳵ĳ


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һ˿⣬Źֱץʧԭء


319 һ˵ĺ԰
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Ǻǣ취ǿеġǰһҪһµķЦ֮󣬶ŹŵһǰȥڣֵõһɽͼķֶһǵպһȺǲĲκˣ
ǣˣȻֻУȴͬʱһͷǾɸڣʿҪ׵ùˡ
дڣǿƶĿֲ⡭ɸϾͽΪһ˵ĺ԰һ룬˱ġ
࣬׼ôãΪʲôΪеһӶô
һ뵽ĪǼ̲סҪЦȴֻǿЦ⣬׷Ź֡


320 ַ񣬽в
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ԣжԷÿζֵĹ죬ʧʱҲûټѰ

ǿƶĴȻջκ˷񣬿ԶԷǿֲ֮ĹɱӰȥٵֶΣʿȴĪκΣֻţһδγ֣һδʧ
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磬λڹʵǿ棬ȴһλŮޣݣһȥҲֻʮҡ
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ԵʱƾӺϳʱֻѡһԿμҵеסլСѣò˵СǻʩϣԲֹеˮƽǰǣסԺ󣬾;Բˡ
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Ŷ뿪ϺСͻôｨƵĻŹȻ֮ȴ͵ľЦ
ʱգĻŹֻЩЦ
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Ҳ˵ںϳǣʲôʲôᣬҲΨһ⣬ѣȴΪԷסϻСǱμصտĵطҲû취
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ڣĪٸǺڵղ˽ʱΪʲôûȻȫ˶ŹУһᣬɾ˰
ԽԽĪֱֱŹǰεЦˣʵЦˣĪٹ̲ܽϣ֪Լ竡
һ˲̬ĪҲսսƼ˴ڼȾеȸһ
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330 Ը
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޵ͳǮζҲȷܸɾ͸ò˵Ͼֻıɽһǡ
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Ҳڵִƫ֮󣬶Ź̾ʹݻĴ
صλãȻƫƧƫƧĵطҲⷢǴݻٵĺãѾװ⴫صĶսʶ֮ڣֻҪ룬ʱٴһһһġ
ЯĻԿռ䷨ڵһһĴء
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˴֮󣬶ŹֲŴżǸȥ
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ҪҲûгԤϣܿͱ׼
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331 ²ܴ
ȱǣλںϵбһӴĻԾ
ȱ֮ϣȻ㣬˿ڶ࣬һ½ȴǻɽҽܲżƽ̹֮أҲصеصҡ
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һ죬һͦεӰֱӾͳ˺Ǵڣʿ̤΢һڴһ˿͸ǵı֮Ŀֱֱ򺮶ȥ
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Ȼѹֻ֣ΪʱֻתԪ֮ѡ
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333 ң㵹ùɣ
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봾ⲿͬʱֲڣҲһ˶Ȼֲֻ봾һˣֻ⼸ǰԪӤ۷ʿҲֹһ
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Ͼ˵Ӱ
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ͬʱҲһЦµѣĳȴڰˣµһΣǳҪԪĿȨʵ練ƣ
ǣ볤Ͽˣ봾ЦһĳЦҲ
ţһӰʹ˽ģ߽׵봾Ҳһһһװ˶࣬ཡ˶ʿһȥʿϣȴɢһϢ
ǣϢ
شһһļޣǾﲻƣ޼᲻ɴݻ٣
Ҳǽ˶ɨǹϢһ͵ֱӾѹĵʮˣȫΪ֮һ͡
μµѡ
Ǻǣλµ˰ɣȻ棬սļ¼۾ףʵ˾壡

˵ѹʮʿȴڵһʱ䣬һ˿ȴͷֻΪԷǹǿϢʵڿɲ̶Ƭ̣ѹܲѣǣһԪԪʿֱӱѹɫ¡
ǣĳλ
ҲЩʿ֮±һЦջ˶Ǽ˵ѹƣò˵ҲͬʱԪѹ£ȴ˿û˿ĶŹֺȴ͵ľһ͡
ԼԪѹƣȻʿã
΢΢ĲУ±ɫֱһ䣬ԷܺԼԪ΢⣿ѵƵԪ磿
һжϣ±У͵ľӿһƬϲ
λ˭۽Ǵžϲ±ȴ̤Ź֡
Ǻǣֳֵѡ±Ź֣ʿȴ׷׿봾ֱӽ˶Źֵݡ
ò˵봾ˣȴҲͬʱһ˿Ȼ±࣬࿴ֳǣ
ֳǣֵ±ƴ
ô£ѵܺ±ᲢۣԶҵȣ񡣡

ȻУʮʿŹֵ񣬾Щϲ
ˣһУȫվ±ǰԷȴֱӺˣֻԶŹһʾãǲǰʮǺͶԷһεģ
һ㣬±ҲˣĿãֳǣȴƺûʲôɫ֮ذ
Ǻǣµѡ±һϲɫԼŹȻ֪ԷϲʲôȴҲ¶΢Ц
˵ʲôǺ⡣
ǳΣܵõµѺֵҪεĿȨ練ˣµѣ룬ֵѣ룡
봾ҲٴδЦȻ±ֳΪ˿أһָڵ
˾Ϳ첽Ժŷ·תֲԺӴķֵ౩¶¡
Ǻǣֵ֮ڣʮսʱмλѣвԼʵµΣȫͲҪˣǰµļ¼˿ءЦָָǰĴ봾ֵ
ĩˣſŹֵ֣ѣȻĳҲ֪ʵףΪŷϣֵѣһóɼ
ǺǣˡŹֱӵ˵ͷ̤ŷֵȥ
ʱǰһһֱ΢ЦŶŹֵ±ȴͻȻڵֵԵȣĳһڡ
һ仰ڳʿ͵һȴǰԶŹֵĲϲͲ
±ྐྵȻҪǡֳǡһսսʲôⲻǿЦô
Ҳڴ֮봾Ųĵµѣǡ
ѵһŵ˸ˣȴ̲סϼһֵѣжɣ
仰ܱߵٴΪ֮һԪﲻƣ޼᲻ݵǲȻ˲ѹƵ΢΢һ
ڳʿȫ׷ɫ䣬±࣬鲻ҪȥսȴΪˡǰֳǣ
ô£ֲֿԪ磬սǵڡô
һ̣ٴοŹֵ񣬾Ҳûһ˿ȫ
ǰΪ±ֳ࿴ΪԷʵڣǶԴȻɻȴҲֻѹ£˭֪˰죬±࿴ǿˣȴԭҪ˳ۣ
ٺ٣Ҫֳĺ±һսԼֻ֧죬ԷȴɳŹʮ죬ʿģмĴġ
µѣǣҲڶԷȻѹʱŹȴҲ΢΢ɫ䣬ЩĪ±࣬ڸʲôԼ¶һƬϲ֮ɫҪԼһսѹԼ
ǺǣֵѣȴǸڲңԶŹֵʣ±ಢشֻǴЦһһ˲䣬øԱǵԪϢٶ
ĵ£±ҲʵڿҪַ졣
ֻΪû뵽һأһĴݶ
˭֪ʿڲԪӤ۷ʱҪɽڣһ˿ıѡ
ѣʿһȷ
̺ĺȵִ״̬ʹԪĺΪһ塣
ٰһ·᳹ȥ۹һ֮󣬵ִﶥ壬ܿһ˿ᶨƵʹɱɸı֮Ӷɽڡ
ı䣬ǿһ˿ȥӰʵеĵĸı䡣
ѶȣʿԪĺΪһ塣
Աͨʿöѡ
±࣬ѾϴεıչУ״̬
ԪĺԴݿ֮ƣǿƴѹһϰݻһ
ڵֻҪܰԼԪݳȥӡǰͬƷԪʿԺУͻƽɽڡ
⣬ϲ
޼᲻ƣǣǰᣬǺҵԪһƷԪ磬ֻӳ죬Ÿͻƽɽڣֳǣ㵹ùɣ
㱻Ԫ״ѹ֮󣬻ֳǵżشֻҪҳΪɽǿߺһЩôҲˣ
³˾ϲͷ±ƣҲٴ


334 ˭˭ݣ
ǡ±ƣһ·ŹַЦˡ
˵ǰףΪʲôǰˣǰʱֱӾ¶ϲȴҪѹ
ŶԷһʱҲ˼˸ס
ԭ⾹һѾԪΪһ״̬ʿѾ˶ɽڵżֻҪһ·ﲻơ޼᲻ݵȥ̤ɽڡ
ô˵ԼƺͳԪĵʯ
ϾŹӵжʮֻıѾһ̤˶ɽڣǰףֻ±̬ת̫ͻȻϸ˼֮ٲףҲŶɽ١ԪӤʵˡ
ڣ±йظݵҪ
ڽԪ϶Ϊһ״̬󣬵ȷֻҪͿԽɽڡ
⴫ݣҲ֣һǹ㷺ݣص㴫ݡ
㷺ݣǰָʿص㴫ݣص㴫ݸһ塣
ߵĲ࣬Ҳ޷ˡ
һ򵥵ӣ±ԪҪﲻƣ޼᲻ݵݸˣֻݸһԪԪӤ۷ʿʹΪԼڶԷǰһǶԷԪ͵⵽˼ش
ԪǷһУߣȴļţԼԪǰһﻹܹ᳹Ԫ
Բִݣڱߣдˣֻڴ˵ĴС
ǹ㷺ݣʿ࣬ôͻᱻ̯ʹʿܵӰ죬ҲС࣬ԺԲƣص㴫ݣǾ鷳ˣһ˳еΨһĺʹʿ޷дʱʹԪ֮һԪ飬ֱʧи
Ȼص㴫ȻأҪϣҲȹ㷺ҪЩ
ǾǱҪߣʹߴﵽһľ磬紫ԪӤ۷壬ӵƷôߣҲҪһƷһԪӤ۷塣
£Ŀ꣬ǺҵġӵƷʿãƷʿͱȽˡ
Զ㷺ǰ㣬ԱߵΪ磬û˿ơ¹㷺Ҫı󼫴
ŹûǹǷҪͨݸ֮ռ֮ĺͻơ
Ͼ˲ͬˣѵģνԪ϶Ϊһ״̬⡣
Ҫ֪Ѿӵ˶ʮָı˶ʮ־飬ЩıģҲ״̬ȻǶʮӸ޷ɽڡ
ԶŹֵ⣬Ǵݡ
ҪݵģһٶָиƷ
ѡص㴫ݣĿ궼ѰңȻԱ֮ΪɱģҲҪصʿ
չҵѰҼִԪӤ۷Ʒʿص㴫ݵĿɲҲԵ޹֡ǷֱնɽʿĸıøɣҲôء
Ȼ㷺û̫صĺ̫ķʱ;Ҫݵģһָֻʱһвűʱõġ
ڵãͻȻֵ±࣬ûԷ⣬û뵽ԷֱӾҪص㴫ݣ
ص㴫ݵĺ
ǺǡٴЦһĿ±һۣŹҲٶ˵ʲôֱֻӾֵȥ
ŹЦ±ٴһϲûŹܵеùϾԷҲӵеƷԪ磬ԪƷԱڣҲһǿԪ硣
Ầʲôɣ
Ц֮±Ҳ˷ֵ

ͬʱ봾ˣһǰʵзӦҲڵǵЩ֣±ΪʲôҪԣѹǰĶŹ֡
ȻҲǲ֪Ҫ̤ɽڣͱҪиĴݣݣûҲܵ;˵Ǹ֪Ҳû±Ѿ֮õ״̬
ϾҪ±Ľ״̬ѡص㴫ݣҲҪѡһƷԪӵ߰ôѡͨġֳǡ
ǶֻΪͨģʿĵĴѡ
볤ϣ˵ֳǣµˣ
ǰµһսֻ࣬Ӱˡ
Ű

Ҳʮ˵ĵ봾Ҳһɻֳ֪±أ
εҡҡͷ봾ҲֻܿʼǸֳǡĬ

Ǻǣֵѣĳߺսˣ룡ڵԺһɨֻʣеս±ֱӾЦߺš
ܿ죬Ƚ֮ߺսĴ󣬾Ϳʼתֱֱ±೹
಻ȶŹֽʣµľźսֱӾͿʼⲿԼԪ
ֳǣҲܽ״̬ͲܷĴݣֻҪҵϢ͸Ԫ񣬺Ԫ֮Уٵպʱţ֮ĲҲԽԽʵ鵽ԪĿֲһоͽˡ
һ˿⣬±ٴμɽڰۿҪɽˣβ

ҲͬʱźսĶŹ֣͵ľͲһ΢صߺսƮ󣬾ֱֱԼӿһ͡
ǣӿһ˿Ц˿ֵصԼڡ
ȷ£µ֮ƥʵ
ͱ磬±ҪݵģԪԴݿ֮ƣǿƴѹһϰݻһ
Ԫ磬Դݿ֮ƣѹŹֵĺǾЩɢ˳ڣʲôã
ֻЦ󷽰ˡ
Ź֣Ҫη±ʵô
ƺˣ̤ھźսŹһ˿ЦֱԼ״̬
󣬾ͰϲԪ㴫ߺս
ǵģȻ˶ڴڣңЩɳʿƵĴȺǿԪӤ۷ʿȻ޷ֹѾżĸĴ
ڣΪŹֵԪ磬ƷֻԪΪԪ±ʱ±඼û˿

̫ˣϢֳڣٺ٣ǾͿʼɣֳǣҳΪҲɽڵ̤ʯҲˣ
оԼû˿谭ľͽ˶Էڣ±һ̣ϲĶЩͷƤըֱ̤˴ĹΧڡ
ҲͬʱڵֱӾһ
ߺսʼս

ҲͬʱźսĶŹ֣ͷȴ͵һ춯ֻΪٱϲ֮Ŀ꣬һ̱Ƿϲãϲõһֿŵĳ̶ȣҶԷҲӵеƷԪ֮ΪҲԪӤ۷塣
ִݣ˲䣬ͺͶԷϲΪһ壬ӶķŴ˴ݵЧ
ֻɲǼ䣬Źڵϲ֮ͿʼʼɱơԵЧʣǶŹҲһģǿϲ
ص㴫ݣȻЧʸ߰ȻЩ


335 磬Ÿոտʼ
ȻҲ˵Źֵϲ֮Ͼͻɱı֮ǻҪĻۡ
ǰϲʼǰĴȺ
һֵ׻ȺڴڲĵشɱΪܼȦһȴһ
ʿվһֱУҲܵ˿Ӱ졣
Ҳ˵֧ʿֻҪȦɵȦ̶ܵһйڰȫĻ¡
ƺֻҪȦͿʼʱֻҪһȦʱͽ΢΢˼һŹֵǣͻȻһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
ǰ֪ǽյĴ󣬿ʩչԼʵǾͻֶ֧ãֶ֧á
ĸ뷨ҪȥӲȺĹɱǺɵΪϾս˸û˿塣
Ҫ֧ȥݷİ취ȻǸµȺ
Լָӡ
ͨʿԣĴҪڶʱ̸죬룬ϾȺԪӤ۷ʿͨԪӤ۷ƣÿʮ£еֲͨôɵһԪӤʿʮ»ʼʱ
ԶŹֶԣȴ⣬Ҫ֪ϻɸЩɽĹԭ֮
磬˵˭ͨǻǷĪˡɽ磬²ҲҪһϯ֮صġ
ǾԲһľͨ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֱһԭҺȻͷȥṹµĴȺ
ҲֻǶ̶һӣһȺԺУԭҺ£ʱڣ߻һ׸췽
󣬰ӰһһȺϢУͷһ˿˿ı䡣
ı䣬ֻһ˿
ȴرĹЧ
źսʼս
ҲڶŹٴͣʱڣ෺һ졣
ò˵ʱĶŹ֣ȴվڴȺȦ
ǵģıģֻǴļ
ԭȵĴȺֻҪ˽Ȧͻʾͨ棬һʿ뿪Ȧսڣȴ´ܣֱӸ۸ˣһֻ֮ҪԸ⣬뿪Ҳκ
ֻҪԸ⣬һ֮ڣ󣬻ָԭģĲᱻκ˷Ρ
һУŹֲٴһЦ׼ߺսʹϲԪ

Ҳžźս
⣬봾ˣɫһͣȫϸֳһ˿Ź֡
ʼˣ±࿪ʼ֮ǸֳǡȻҲѡ˿ʼս
ѵģ±Կȥǲȡô
һΣ͹֮봾ʿȴʲôҲû˵ֻΪѾ˵ʲôˡ
ֻҪϼ죬ǸֳǾͻĳȻ±һ·֣ٱܴ⻹ʲô˵ģ

ͬʱ
ߺսźŵ±Ҳɫһٴһϲ
ʼôǸɵӣǺǣȼͻöԷᡣ
Σ±໹һɵĵֵΧĹɱһ߳ϲģžźսԪ
ʱ䣬ֻҪʱʧҴݽڵͻԽԽ࣬ʱţ֮ʵϵĲ࣬ҲԽԽԣ˫£ҵӡԪ񣬵ʱ򣬶ɽڣָտɴˣ
Ȼڣ±˿ûвԪҲżΪԪҪͱҪڶԷĸܵ޼᲻ݡҲƵǿʱܱŷ
һǸŷʱټһֱݽԷڵԪͻŷɽһ㣬Ʋɵ
ҲֻеʱŻʹԪȻŸı֮ɱ䡣
ʱ䡫Ҫľʱ䣬ÿǰһ˲䣬Һ֮Ĳ࣬ҲͻԽԣҲҲɽڣһǿǶɽڰ
һ뵽ÿǰһ˲䣬ɽڸһ±µϲ֮飬Ҳÿһӣڲϻ
ò˵±֪ǣѡ˶Źص㴫ݵĶ̤ɽڵĵʯⱾһξ
롭
ʱ䣬ÿǰһӣŹֵϲ֮ͻһ磬Ҳ͸һ
˫ƷԪ磬ֻ֮ԵΪռ֮ԵΪһ̣ÿһӣϲ֮৵ϵɱʥڵĸı֮ҲԽԽ
Ǹ±໹ǺܿأֻԽģҽʱԽˡܿ죬ŹҲΪӭԼͻƣ
ϲã±ϲãԼϲ֮ǣ߽Ϊһ״̬£Źϲ֮ļۣҲԽˡ
Сʱ
ԽԽӴԽԽϲ֮һεһͿʼۣʼһָߵı֮ɱ䡣
䡫
ҲɱĿʼŹϲ֮ľ磬һӾʹ۷壬ʽȵ̤ʥڡ
һ˲ĺ䶯ȻУһ˿˿⴫ȥģʿһΣԾһָߵεͻϢ˲ͳǼª󷨷
ֱֱڵ
ͻˣһʥǰڣ

ҲһͻϢֱ͸ķʱ
ǰڰ㣬ȫһſϷ飬žźս봾ˣֱӾɵˡ
ô
ǳֻþˣ
ղǲʿͻʱĶϢ
ǣϢôʱ򣬴ӾźŴӿźŴڵģԪӤ۷ֳǰҪǻͻƣǾǶɽˣôܷ
ɵɵã봾ˣ͵һ飬ȫعٴθӦʱһ˿ͻƵϢȴ
ⷴ˸ˡ
ô£ղҺоźŵֳͻˣ
ǰҲоˣǺǿͻϢ
ǲܣҪͻƣǶɽˣʲôЦû˵һСʱܴԪӤ۷ͻƽɽڵġ
ǡǳֻþˣ
϶ǻþ
ǡʮԪӤ۷ʿͬʱһþ

һƬĽУ봾ʮʿ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰǻþʮԪӤ۷ʿһֻþģֻ˾øΪʮͬʱֻþĸš

˵봾ʮʿͻƵϢ˲йһ˲䡣
ߺսһֱϲüɫ±࣬Ҳ˲ɵˡ
ͻƣǴӾźսǸģ
ǲģǸֳôʱͻƣ
±ò׻ع֮󣬸ҲоͻƵϢʱ˲Լǣ˸ղһĻʵԡ
ǣ£ȴҲһ˿ɻǲģϾҪɽڵΪôѵʱ򣬳ֻþ
ڣô룬벻ͨ޷͸ղһĻ±µǻϲã˲ѹþɲ


336 ⷴӦǳԤ
ڣȴǾɲҴݾԪҵľ֮ΪԾԪΪýշľ޷ѹƣһǾԪĸı֮ˡܿ죬͸˽⵽±ŹٴһЦͶ׼ʼݾԪ
ȻѰѶԷ̤ʯص㴫ݵĶҲԲ⣬̶öԷĹЧڣһвֻǸոտʼء
ͷžԪʱŹָһʧ˵ھźսٴγʱȴֱӵִ˵ߺսڣ±ı
ԶŹִʱ̺ʮָı֮ʵ˫ƷԪ磬뱻±෢֣ǻ׾١
Ҳ£ҪԷľ̬ӵ
ֱӾϢĿʼߺŴȺֻǶ̶һӺһӴȺ̱˹Ч
ڲʿʵϣû˿仯ʱĴȴʧȥ˼ʱĹЧø޷߳롣
Ȼ±ʵҲƲķ͵УŹֲŻص˵ھźŴ
΢΢˼ֶµ󷨣΢һЩ޸ģǾͨԪӤʿⲿ޷ƿϡ
һУֿʼ±ഫݾԪ
ŹֵԤϣڶԷͶɵʱݾԪĹЧֱӾͱ˳ľ֮Ҳһοʼ˿ٵ
ʱ䣬ڣֻҪʱţľ֮ܺܿ첽ʥڣ

Сʱһζ
ߺսڡ
±ȴǿµľ£ɹѡ
ܲȥɣҪ֪ڿһֱڶԶŹͷ֮ģͻϢڶԷ˵ԷֱӲһ׶ΣǽԼİ㣬һᱻ֪
Ȼʲô˵ˣҪһɽʿŭ𣬵ûܣȻ޷ȥɣȥ˼
Ҳ±ľ֮УһͻƵϢȴ͵ִӾźսֱӷѸܷ䡣

һܵͻƵϢ±˲ʹˣͻƣ
һΣΪСʱһֱ˼⣬ǹͻϢʱνǱ׽˿
һΣǻþأ
ɲǼ䣬±͵ѹеľɣȻѾ֤ʵǶģҪɣʣµģֻǻ̿ˡ
찡ǸźսڵֳǣȻͻƣ
ɱԪӤ۷尡ͻƣԪӤھһĴˣǶԷôܻİ㣿
֮̿У±ֱӵһȴ͵ķ֣Ȼ޷߳µս
ͻķ֣˶ë
ģһУȫİ
ԷѾͻˣѾİ㣬Ѱǵȴģʲô
ԽԽֻţԽԽη壬±ͻȻͳ׵ľ
ôôôôͻƽһ׶ˣҵİ㣿
ֻšη塢ǿҵһ±೹һַ֮УݺݵʩչԼĵֶΣŴȺײȥ
УһҪӣӳȥȻȴģ¾

ҲͬʱһͻƵϢʱ
ս⣬ҲڶԼСʱǰǹͻϢɲ봾ˣȫ˲ʯ
ͻƣ
һģĸӦˣǻþġ
ͻƣԪӤ۷ͻƣ
һģһΣҲģͻΣǸֳǣʲôôʱڣͻΣ

һƬʯУȫǿҵ𾪡
ڣսڷսʿҲ׷ȫһ̣ƹضʲôЦһΣͻϢʱǻΪͻȻ˻þ
һأôʵͻϢôܻǻþ
ڸͻΣ
һܵϢʣ༸սڵʿôܼսȥ
һƬմɫУʿܾȸһ㣬ڷɳһȫ棬˾źս

һΣȴЩˣֻšη塢ӷһôǿҶ
ı仯Źֵڣ봾˵ķӦȴ˿û⡣
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Ȼ֮ǰԭֻչ¶һƷԪ֮Ӽ鱦Ϳˣû뵽ڣǱ©ӵжԪʵ
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ҲڶŹͻȻͣסӣʧʱԭһ˸߲ҵ봾˲ɵˣִǴӦҪȥˣôͻȻʧˣ
ҲֻɲǼ䣬봾ҲһĶ˸߿գЩ߿֮ϣʲô
һƬƬһƣѹֵĺƣ
찡ǲʿʱĽôôͻȻѵ˵жɽʿҪǳֲɽ٣
⿪ʲôЦʿɽʱԲǧ֮ڣ˵İΪÿһˣپͻһݣ봾޷ֲԲǧ֮ڣжˣǧƣƣ
ɲǼЩ봾׾ëˣĵѵĹֽһҲһûȥһ̣ҲˣղŵġֳǡΪʲôͻȻɫ䣬Ȼֱʧˡ
ǰ⺮ǣôˣҪÿζǼǧ˭ܳŵ
²ǵһǧƵ٣ɱˣֳǴ˽ڶʱҪǧ٣
Ǿٱ̬ҲǱɰ
Ȼ봾Ҳ뵽ղŵ٣ǶŹֲģϾżԷ̤ɽڣôô٣
Ҳ٣˭ô׳գֵط٣ôķУ봾ٺãһ𸽽ôˣ̲סͱ˴ֿڡ
ֹ봾Ҳͬʱʿȫڼ֮ϵĽƺ˲ȫ׷ƿڴݡ
⵽˭Ȼô޳ܣ
ǿԪӤ۷壬˭ܿٵѹ˭Ҳ
Ҳ󣬵˶ǻɢУ֮ϵĽƣȴֿʼɢ⣬һһ̻Ǳѵʿ

Ҳͬʱȱ⣬һӰֱӾ̫УӰݵĶŹ֡
ٴǰ˲ʱ͵ʲôžɫһ䣬ƴѹڲסǵĸָӴ﷨ڣƵģ˦ĵӰ
󣬶Źֱָץڵ﷨Уǰովȵ
죬ڵжԶӶԶҪɽ٣
ҴҶһ仰Źֲವһʧԭء
ֻĻȴɲǼòŵ̫յХ±ȣɵˡ
ɽ٣
˾ȻҪɽˣ
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˭֪ٻ᲻ЩҲڣ
ҲڼٵĶУɫҰޱȵ±࣬ŷһУ⵽ô£ҸղŲۼŴ̤ɽڣǿǸո̤ɽڰôô죬Ҫˣ
⻰ɳЫˣȫ΢ͣһλǰС
вһ˿âЩεĵ˰֣֣Ȼ̤˶ɽڣĸı֮ô죬Ĳˣ١
ı䣬ʲôı䣿øĳ˶˵ӡ󣬺ﵽһ߶Ⱥרд
һ򵥵ӣĳЩڽʿжļĤݵ񣿿ЩڽڵˣֻҪӡΪǸڣܣֵȥĤݣôӡ󣬾һ
Щڽʿͱ֮ΪĳЩ񣬻ǿʿͽ
Źˣһ·չͽʵ̫̫࣬ˡ
һǣҪһ˿ıȷҪʿһͷ֮һ߸ɸӡ󣬲õ
Ҫһ仰£ǿͷѡ
һȹ˿ͷڣ̤˹ô׺ܶࡣ
ʿڻĸı̤ɽԺ󣬸ı֮ѾҪһʱһÿһʿͷ֮ٸɸ̵ӡЩӡܼ֮ĸı֮ˡ
ֻҪ˶ӡ㹻̣㹻أﵽĸ߶ȣͻĻûһ˿˿ӿڣٻûɸı֮
ҲΪʲôŹڸոհѿռֻ֮֮ȫȹڶɽںʥںڵĸָٱˡ
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ֻΪһ·ʵǴʿ̲ѵĸӡ
̤磬һδη˵ͻƣԶիh˵ģȫ𺳡ϲľЩϲľڵŹûлøʱȻʲôǣṳ̂ʥǰҲʲôǡ
̤ʥڣҲ֮ϲ֮ʱЩͻûһ߶ȵӡ󣬴Ӷɱ˸ָı
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ЩӡֹпռϾŹǣһУޱ׺͵󣬰Ϊָ;Ǿİݡ
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Ȼ˵İٰöŹֻò˵һУֻһСˮӡ
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Ʋǳ½Źֻع֮ǿƲţһɿҵķ籩ߵģʿİٰ
Щɶǧʮ򡢰Ƶ
ڣ¶Źִֵ˺ϵԺһۣһڹڲȡǧ˰ٰ㸴ӵĸ
оǡϻɸڲһħŰģصˡ
ʮԪӤɽʿٰһۡг˹ʿĲɱҲŲٸжġ
ǰǰһУΪ޷Ƶ֮һͻƣǰ۵һУͳױˡ
ȻҲ˵һɽʿֻҪɱķ˸еη塢ֻţٰ㸴ӵܿԼΪȫǲܵġ
һɽʿĹ֮ĺٶȣۣǾʿ¾ǧԪӤµ˶̿֡η塢޲ѣȴûãΪЩ֮֮ĺû˿ϵҲ𲻵һˡ
ΪҪˣĹ֮ٶϲۣܼ
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ڣЩɣȶŹӭӵһٺ󣬻᲻ֱһԶɽڵ٣Ȼ󡭡
ΣûٶȿɽڵģҲ̫ˡڵǵ˼£ҲٶһЩרе̫ϰЩһ̣ҲҲȡΡĴʻˡ
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ʵڲ֪һζŹֻʱʲô磬ɽڣڣֱ̤ڡϵڣ
ԽԽڸٷУ͵ľһҴܣӲǰһವһȱǴ㡣


341 ĶŹ
ಡ
һŹֱӾͳһտ̫ڣʱ̤ɽڵĿռ֮ÿһ˲ƣǧ֮ؼ㡣
Զ̶̼ζ֮Ҳ֪Լ˶Զ
ʱǿٷ賤ĸָıҲڵһ޷ѹƵĵز

Ʒȫִ۷壬ԭƽ޲̫յشҲವһƬƬŨֲֿɺơ
ǽƵɺ졢س̶ȣҲʵڳÿһƲ֮䣬˸ϸС׽٣ǳķܼ࣬
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ڣʲô˵ˣµĿֲѹŹȴٴɫ䣬ǵһˣɺ쳾֮أԵѹΣһ٣ȴҲû֣ʲôƣǰĽһ㣬ѹֵ˵ز
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ȷȻ٣ֻ٣Ǹߵ٣ԭҺҲ޷Ҫ֪ɺ쳾صޣֻܲٿ٣Ǵ߻ԭҺҲֻǸζѡ
鿴һԼ׳еٺ󣬶ŹֵģŽַƽ
ʱһ٣ߵ٣һ٣Լǧĵڶ鳾һ٣ҪԿһε٣Ӧþġ
ҲڶŹֵ˼С
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䡫
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˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ŹֵıԹ0.1붼㣬٣ײ߿ǧ֮ϣһɢ
Ǿ޴ıըನҲֱֱһɿֲޱȵˣѶŹ͵ĳ·ֱֱǧס
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Ҳոͦʱеĵڶףֿʼ˿ٵķƼ
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Ҫ֪٣ɽٺʿֻеǧ֮һļʣпڵھŵʱһ֣⼸ɱųϵĶɽٺʿ

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һɫУŹֵ٣ɻЩΪԺģھˣԺɽٺڣԵھŵʱֻʲôף⣬ֱӻֵߵ١
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һŹֱֲӷųһ٣ֱֱϿδ͵ĵڶס
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ףٴοٿʼۡ
ףǵ٣
䡫
䡫

һԿϢӦٵĵȼ󣬶ŹȴҲ۵ĻᣬÿÿڶԷʱֱֱ֡ÿһΣ˲˺顣
⣬ǱʿҪٴαûɢʷ²Ƕûٵġ
Ҫ֪ɽʱÿ֮䣬ǼӻʮĲ࣬ʱڣκʿ¶ڼŻָΪԸõ̬ȥӭӣ˭׾Ͱµڳ֮ǰϡã
ڣ⻹ǡ٣
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Ҳ١ǣղѾǵڶˣȻҪԶɽڵ٣ǻʲôҿֻߵٰ
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Ҳ˲ãź졣
Ŀռֻ֮֮Ҳȫ糱ˮһ㣬ӵ˶ɽ١ʥ۷塣

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ǣϿյĽƣȴ˿ûͣͣ̿ʼ˷Ļۡ
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ողν׵ƣԶɽٺڵ٣ֵӦһ˵ɡ
ǣڣʱֻһ٣ͼʮ٣ǧĵһڶˣǰ٣ȫᣬҲĵٰ
⡭
ɲǼ䣬Ź־ɫᣬһ콻ӣתıˡɽڡʥڣô£ⲻҪھԵô
ΣҲڴʱӵ¿ɱɵĵٰ˵ֹһˣ


342 ҵϢ
ǲΣŹֻǿ񾭣ʼ˼Լĵơ
˴ʱ˫ƷԪ磬ѵִ˶ɽ١ʥڣʵѸ͵óصĿռ֮ԣڵ١
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ЩȺȻΪֲɺȣϾࡣ
һʮȺֻ൱һʵĳҲֵ֪ܲܵɱɵĵ٣Ҫ֪˲ɱųɵĵ٣ɻ߸߼ʵһɣԵ󷨣ֻĳҲҲʵδ֪
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ȡĴȺʹеȺۣһһӴȺ󣬲ųһ
ЩȺԵֵǾûˣУӲ񾭶һֱߣŹĿ⾼Ķ˸߿ա
ʱڻٱǵĸָȴͻȻ䣬΢΢һͣеĸų׻
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ԼڴʱҲ̲סԼһ̬
ʵϣҲȷ֪ղһΣǺܾգָ̫֣࣬ƽ̯һ·Ϊ󽵵˺ܶ࣬ҲĻֱԵ١
⵹˵ôɽٺ۷壬˵̫ǿѴﵽ۷壬ĳЩȴ󾢲㣬޷Ǹ̶ȣǣֻ֮Ϳռ֮ܵǣƶѡ
ϻɸһۣħ֮¾ʿڼ۵Ŀ־ȵȣ㹻̤ɽٺڣ͸ǰط۵Ŀ־;ˣǼͻƽڣһ´ࡣ
ǣһ·ϲ֮˷֮ȵȣͿ־塢ȣȴԲᲢۣʹֻ֮ܵǣơ
ڿռ֮棬ҲǴˣԣڵжϳΪȫִ۷ʱͳɢˡ
Ҫ֪ÿܹ׵֮Ҳжֵ֮ģһɽʿһᵤʿͬĳη度µ˼˵ĵزɽʿṩ֮ȴԻǽᵤʿ
¶ŹڽһūֳʱҲһΪ֮ϲá˷ܣЩʿԪӤڶﲻṩϲá˷֮ܵҲܱȵùϻɸЩ߶ʿṩľη
ô˵ʱûףŹֻǳ˷
ûдﵽͺãûдﵽͺáĴûΪԼΪ̫ľѡ

ȱǣĳƧѩ֮ڡ
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һ֮ХɳЫʥǿףȫֽһ΢΢ѣĳ嶯±ֱ࣬ӾѩڵĵϣһǺףѡ
ͬʱһԵȴεҡͷЦһ֪󣬻һı飬ϾЩº󣬿Ҳʧ̬ģֱӾʹ̫ȱǴ׹ȥ
ҲΪʱŹһ·󣬲Żᱻ˲侪ŵʹˣھ֮󣬼æ׷Եɡ
˭֪ȴһ𰸣ǾǴ˲ֹܻͻƽɽڣܻǺںʹڣ𰸣׾˽ѡ
ХףҲˣǰֻǻû뵽ô࣬Ǻܶʱһ·׷Ź֣֤漣ЩһѣȻǽҲЩ
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찡ǰһֱףŹΪʲôôֲô̬ںˣȻһ֮ƽµĴ󣬶¾ԪӤɽʿʮԪӤɽʿȫŷӣȫڵĴʿȫעѵħ
±Ǳˣ֪Լ˼ӵùȻȥħǸιޡ
ڣ±ࣿĻХˣҲһƬŹһ·¼Ҳеģ˸ܵı̬ס
ǶʵЩңҲ֪ԼôôˡģͶŹֹ˳ͻڣȻЩʱȴͻȻֶãǵȷһϵҺҫ
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ٺ١Щʱ׷ˣɳЫ壬ﻹҪǨƣϧ
ǰһνӲ崦ӣҲ̫ˣȻҲˡ

ҲɳЫʿȫֽĸп±ȴǱʱ࣬ȴͻȻͳһӰ
ӰֻǸһܱߵĿռ䣬Ϊ֮һһɿŰѹֱֱѹİڣ˶ɫһ䣬³ھѪ󳹵̱˵ϡ
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˴ʱֻǿйϢѹðɽʿ¾Ѫ⣬ȴҪôǿ
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ѵˣֱͻƵ˴ڣ
һͷ˾ȫǼĻΪʵ޷󣬶ŹԪӤʱܺʹʿ⣬ǵĽڣ䣬˭ֵܵ˵ѹ
ɫҰףǲ㱻ѹϢ״̬ŹȴһЦ͵һʵʵ̫ˣ޷ƿһϢǻǽڵɣұ̱չˡ
ǰ̶һСʱƷԪ磬ȫ˶ɽٺڣǼһǧֵһҵϢҲʵ̫ǿᡢ̫ҫˡ
޷ɲٿϢԶŹҪ£ǱչأϸϸǱʵ
ϾǰղһյʱֱӰʿһж˹Щʵƿغ̶ȣһΣȴһСʱڣӴո̤һǧֵ˲䶼һǧ߰ˡ
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343 ڵ
ŹѾ׼ʼչأԸõϢչصĵص㣬ȴûãϾҲ֪һξҪòһС
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ϸ룬ٴ΢΢ҡͷˣҽڵڵھսȴҪ˷֣ȵʱаܼĻ㲻Ҫȥ֪ͨҾС
ȻҲɰﳤȡʤɽڵʵðȻִҲǵĳʿɣȻѾ˿ԷɣһŵǸҪˡ
ֻҪڰпţŹҲԷģκ©
Խ⻰ȽڵֻʣԭصˣڻָŸղűϢѹȵļ塣

ҲڶŹֽڵԺ
ȱǣϲһɽ䣬ޱȵĿУһ΢΢ϢϢɽ죬ֹû˿Խ
ֱɽִﶥʱͻأĳֳһԲΰڣÿһڣɢŨ֮
⣬һƬܼĻԾɽȺ
ڻɽȺ֮䣬ȴһźΰĹ
ͨ˶ԣʱпܱĻԾɽȺȻΣ֮ȱϲǿʿԣҪֹԾɽıʵ̫ˣڣԽǻԾĻɽܿгĻ֮ҲԽŨǵУҲԽ
ԼÿһƬԾɽȺǸСɵı֮ء
ǰһܼĻԾɽȺ֮ء
ڡ
һͦεĵڣͻȻһƬˬʵĴЦֱ
ͬʱңҲ̾ʮӰЩӰ󣬵ִǵǰһڴڡ
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ǳĴЦǷʾţˣͻƽһ׶Σ
ںͳһʵԪӤʿеִڵģʮˣ۷壬ֻ˶ѡ
ʱڵǱ޵ģһλڵִ۷ںҽԪ֮Ϊһ״̬˶
Ҳǰڵλ֮һ
˵ܽ״̬ҲʵǽңϾһ״̬Ҳǿ󡣵Ȼܽ룬һо㹻ˡ
ջ״̬ʱ£ڣҲ̱Ϊ˵һܣϾҲģ±֪ǶԷ֪󣬸ͻ֮ǰϧһоɱˡ
˭֪һڳһɽʿԺ󣬳ҲȱϻˣҲܲһЩʩ
ʱڣҲǼ
ҲһֱСģ˽Ź㷺ݣԻۻ֮
£ʵǲѣϾֻǻһ˿ıԪӤ۷ΪŲСڶ̶̼ڡ
ĻۣҲڴﵽ˼ޡ
ҲһЦԼܱʮӰڴֿεĿ⣬һͻƵϢ̾ʹӵڣȻ
һӣڣ׼ˣ
ͻˣ
ͻˣ
ǿǶɽڰڣӽ쿪ʼҲ˶ɽʿˣ
һɽڣɳȱǣǸǿУӴˣڲΪǣ
ڣһ̣ʿЦһεùˡ
ǰͬһϣ໥ж꣬ȳһɽʿǳ³Ҫȥô

ŵĴЦһӰҲֱӴЦŴӵɫޱȵҲǰ
ӽ쿪ʼҪʼȫո̤ɽڵʵҪԸЩ鷳ҵĸı֮ٻһЩͼ򵥶ˣЦУȴɫһҲ˵ɫʧ˵ء
ֻһصĻ
볤ľ£һ֮ǰ˭Ҳй¶̤ɽڵϢ
Ȼڵж֮ȳΪڼ䣬һ̤ɽڵʿҲĲ⣬϶֣ʧ
Ͼ۵ĴСԹʵ̫̫ˣȻ˾ԵʵĨȻڣһͳȱǡ
Ȼ֪ڲ֪ǰѾһɽʿʿֱӽ˴ڡ
ΪϢ˵ˣǳ˵֪
ǶŹ֣Ҳ֪
ԶµЩǸ˴ǣܶ¶ǴҴӹԶŹֻ֪ԶԳȴ֪ʱļԶ̫Ϣ
ǸĳȻҲ˲ɲûԪÿʮ궼Ҫһζĳأڵ꣬ȼԶԪӤ۷壬ѰٲͻƵʱʱ뿪ȱǣȥ̽
ĶҲڽҵõһ˿̤˶ɽڣ뷵ȱǣõǼޱȵɽڡʿΪ֮ơ
Ժ󣬾һֱв׷ɱһ·ĶزУΪҲʼϾֱڣҲܵ޷ָشһ·ٶȣϺŵΧӶִһġ
˵ҲΪ֪ڳֹôһɽʿһڹϺŵΧ󳬼ĵ̣Ҳô󣬶һֱûз֣Զʲô
Ͼڵһδ׷Уû֪ǸõƵļһʲô֡òԶҲõαװòʾˡ
ȻԶɽڵ£ʿ֪ǶӵùĶĿҲΪľԶŻǶĩβ˵ԼĳӦòᱻ֪Ӧòǣʦš

Ҳڣ߲ȫһƬ֮ʣȱǱ
ʦܣ˵˵Ǹִˣôǻ죬λִˣͻ죿ټĵڣлϵӣȫճվڵڣһԽ봾ʮԪӤ۷ʿ
ˣǳڵĵڤԣԼλԪӤ۷ĳϡ
Ȼֱ񣬶Щ޷봾ϱϢ˵иֳǵļһһͻ˺ü죬봾ļ乲֪ǶʱڤԵȣ벻ţҲˡ
ǰһԪ䣬ٲɣ
پò˼飬Ҳֻܽʵ󣬺ڤԵڵֳ֪ǡӦҪǳνʱǼĲϱŷһ߳
찡ҪǡֳǡǸ֣ڻл֮ô
ǣԭѾҪõķչˣû뵽Ȼ;⡣
⣬͹ںǵĽơ
£Ҳȷ̫ˣһɽʿͻȻ޷ѹΪóȻӭƵģúڤԵζַŭǣһɽʿҪɽˣ˶ĵطʲô
ڿɺãһӾͰѡֳǡǸˡ
ԶԷٶȣǡҰ
һԷǷ񻹻гŵǳֳֻԼ֪ˡ
ִ˻᲻ֻеˣν£ϣִˣɡεҡҡͷ봾Ҳһ⡣
ǰ͸ǸƵʿֺޣڶ֪Է˭£ҲʵΡ
봾̾ϢʿȴҲһֻ̾εҡͷ
ǰǳ˵ȴ֮⣬ʲôϣϣǸִ̬ˣǸŵʱְɡ
һ뵽ʿȴҲֱĻǶºĽڴ
һΣֻҪִ˳֣ǳǱʤ


344 ӽ޳
źǣȻˣȫԶŹֳڴʱʧ
ڴͼͽƺͿա
ֻΪһΣοǱִ̬ˣȴվûг֡
ڣҲǵʱ˲ͻȻ±ࡣ
ԭ±࣬ȻǱܹעֳͻȻֺ˹עĽ㣬ȫתƵϣҲǵ˽ֳǳֵļԽԽãʱͻȻ𣬵ǸǿĿԵ±࣬Ҳô
ɵЩʱһȴѾˣΪûܷ±䡣
٣ôǰΪִ˵ǳҪʤֱ練ƣڣִֹû֣±ҲûˡǰĲ࣬Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
ʱ𽥱٣ܲڣڤȴǽü
һĿƣܲĿƣǰټϣ˭֪ھһգҲʵ̫ˡ
ʲô취ִһΣΪǽƵĳֱ֣ӾʧˣֱӶ̫յģҲû̫עȱǵĶҪ֣ҲֻܹǸĽˡ봾Ҳεҡҡͷ
봾ǿ񣬵ˣִ˲±Ҳʧˣû˱ʤİգҲҪȥӦսڵʵֻҪȫɱҲδؾûлᣡ
ǰʧȥǿԮǼΪʧ䣬һҲ˰ǿԪӤ۷ɢޣֻҪɱδؾûлᡣ
봾Ļ˵ȣҲΪεķŻ
󣬳۷ʿɺڤԴ죬ɢޣȱ򽻽紦Ԫڵأȥ
һ·ΪȱǵҲʵС;дɳˣڿ򽻽紦һȴΪսңķϵĶ࣬ھһϵ·УȴûУʮʿСգ𽥵ִ
ǰĿԼԶһӰǰʧ䣬ʱȫ˾׼ӭս
ˣǳĶ顣
ǰȻǣ˵һǰƺںǣ˽ƣҲ֪ļٵġ
ӦİɣҲ֪λɽڵĴôСģȻôĵطûѹƺΪҿʱȥĿ죬Ȼ

Ҳ˵ĿǰһʿҲ׷ڤԡ봾ˣЩˣȴȱϣСʵڵԪӤʿ
ЩԪӤڶԣÿʮ꣬ۼ֤ʮԪӤ۷ʿ֮ĶԾҲ۲۵һ˼£ÿʱ򣬾ͻдʿǰۿ
ڣϵһЩԪӤɢޣҲĦ۷ʿ֮սԴˣڣȻҲ˵ʲôôʿ֤ҵʤ
ʱЩԪӤʿڼһȺ˺̾΢΢һƬҲǣ˭һǰǻֽأ
˹£Ҳֵúͻζ
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Ǽ£˶ֻǼᶨΪǸ⡣ϾҲһ֮תվλɽڵĴˣڽǼʴʱǡûѹƺùأ
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ڳֲֳֵǡֻҪ봾óԼԪ˿ǿ¾û˻ţǼ£֪
ǰĴʿȫڶ۽Ƶ£ڤԵˣȴǾһԹֱֱʹӽŵ׷ֱͷ
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ǣʦ֡
˵ĶԣѾˣǻǰ̬ĺá

ЩƵĿڣ˻ǿٴЩɢڵĵشȺǰǧ֮⽵ͷڸɾѩϣľ

ôֹ˼Сʱһ·紵ڤԵȵľҲһΣ˲ٵĺתʱǰңң֮⣬ȴͻȻһʮӰΪһˣɫۣһƬɫ֮һˣ͵ļӿٶȣֱֱڤԵˡ
ˣڣ
ʮ꣬һεҲ֪ļҡ
ҪʼˣԪӤ۷սǵİҲȷС

Ҳ˳֮ʣΧǴΧ۵ʿֽһƬ죬ʿǼ΢΢Щ׼һѵõĶԾ
ǺڤԵˣҲڵһʱ䣬ȫ͵شԭվֱֱƮ˸߿ա
ǺǣĪʮ겻Ƿɡ𽥱ƽʮˣڤֱЦһǰȻһֱжԾ˭Ҳκβ˭ȺǰһЩ̬Ҫġ
£ȴҲðһ˿ɻ󣬰˵ʢ£ڵĪӭӦǶԷŶԣɴʱĪӭôǺʿ
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ѲɣĪӭ֮λø
ҲںڤԵɻУǰٱƽʮˣȴͻȻһĴЦЦȴǳ˳ͲмԼֱֱܱߡ
˳ƺӵЦҲˣһôһεڣսǰĿ׻˵ˣ
ûսȻͱǿʢƣ
ڤԣ뿴Ƿܻգ
Ҳ˵ľУǰȴٴαһЦɲǼ䣬ͽһɽڵϢֱֱѹķ
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ڤԡ봾ڣԼʿȫһ˲䣬ɫ䡣
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ǰĺڤˣˣ
һͷʿǰһ˿ԵľηͿֻţ֪˶ɽʿǾǴǣҲսˣ˭֪Է󣬻᲻Ҳ˳ֶԸǣ
Χ˵ע£ڤԡ봾Լ۷峤ϣҲɫһףʧȥѪɫ
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⣬Ҫη
ӽ޳ǰˣֻҪƿͲ׷ǵΣܱˣȫһηĿģֱһ죬һֱӾĿںڤİɢޡ
ЩɢޣɱˣҲ׾ٵ£ɱǣʲôãǣЩеĸܵԼ֮ıĿֲӶΪԼͽǿıĺá
⣬ҲΪʲôѡű©ԼɽʿݵԭҪŴʿ棬ʩչı֮ǿƻɱˣսʿ֮ܵһе׳Ϊͽ
Ȼͱ˵֪Ƕɽڣ˭ս²С֪ⳡɱûκʱЩĦԪӤ۷սɢޣ»Ầ±꼰ǰ
ԣһ̣ǳ׼ˣҴԪӤʿ£һƬȣһΣȡ֮
ǶҲʵ̫ˡ


345 ǰ˭Ҷ
ӽ޳

ĻֹǴսʿĶУ䣬㸲˷ԲʮﷶΧ
ò˵һɢޣȫǾŶ־ηѣʿɫײҰֽĻ
ȴɲǼ䣬ʮ⣬ĹעսͨһͲûŵ
ʲôӽ޳
찡ǰǸɽǰڵСޣ˲ɣ
ǳصյĳ
Ȼ󲢲ŹԶ֮ĹϵȴܿڴĻǵİȻΪʲôҪ뿪
ȻΪʲôڹϴºպֱ֮þǳϵȨޣҵλãһ·ֱ
ڵ֮󣬴ҲûԸ߸ߵ̬ⲼʩݰЯǰСɣǿѹԼΪѡԳİԵȻֺгκ˵һ˿ɣ
Щ£ֱǰѳɵɱһġ
αչ֮ǰҲԽҪʱ̹עǰ£ֻҪڵУְܼҪ֪ͨʱͻԳ֡
һеһУ˵˶ԳĹգѾ˽ڴ˵Լʦš
Ϊˣ¶ĶʼĽ
ڡ
ǸɽǰڵСޣȻȻ˿ڲԵģҪ˳
ɲǼľֱ֮ӷصĿԶһۣ৵һڵ
ڽڵֱӳڵֱӾͶڱĿĶŹ֣ĵˣҪ

Ҳֻһ仰ԭڿһʵĶŹֱ֣һ͵ľۡ
ɲǼ䣬ڵУԭΪƽ͵Ŀռ䣬̾Ϳʼһѡ
·һƽĲͻȻĳһܵ˾޴ĴѷͿӣ˲ûһ־Ϣĺڶһ㡣
Ǹ㣬ǶŹִʱڵλã
ˣҪ
Ϣ֮󣬶Źֳŭˣʼ̤·˵˭İͶĻɾǼԶ
ûеļԶµڵܾͻᱻǳ½һϵȻĸĸիhԶЩˣȫҪ
˵ֶݣֱһ޷ĵزҲΪˣԼԶΨһԸŹǲϧһУҪȥɡ
ڣʩչʵȴƫƫԽݣһ·ѰŸֺĽͣȥԷµľʵ͵λǶԳ̫ģöԷ̿֡
⵹Ҳ⣬ϣһһĿţͻȻĳһ͹ĳеҵ壬飬˽İ
˵Էô룿
жףԼãϵڱܼ񵽣¶Է룬ΪǿıӶʼܡ
ҲΪˣһ·ΪСġ
ֱĿǰһУҲΪ룬ȴû뵽һ̣ȻҪɱ
ҵҪ˭Ǹӣǰɱ
ŭЦŹֱһͳڵ⡣
Ҳһ̣ΪԲģסѡݣһʳĿռѷ죬ҹеķһ৵һҿӡ
죬һ̣װ
ǲΪҹĻͻȻ٣Ϊռѷ죬һУߡ
ޱߵɱǾıһ㣬ϯأ
ֲѹԿƣռѷ졣
ɽٺڡʥڡ˫ƷԪ磬ʱĶŹ֣һŭϢȫͷţǾ˵ԲĳЩʿһ˿й֮

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ΪʲôǴ֪ڶһɽʿ
봾ʻڤҲһֱһ˿ţͻȻһҧ봾˴
ѾǶɽڣǴδõϢɽڵʱ䣬ܲôĸı֮Ҳδ֧̫ʱ䣬ǱҪӡӳȥһһӲҲҪϢţѣ
ŴڤвͻȻһ
ȴһֿһΧڣѶıںҲΪ㷺
Ѷ֣봾ˣٴɫһ䣬ȫȡ˴Ѷ£Ҳһ˿ͷǰԷѾ˺ݻӴ޳ҲֻƴˣϾ˭ҲǶǿʿԣûԸȥ
ϣϣԷĸı֮û̫ǿ
ӲҲҪϢš

죬ĻɣҲҪмֵһЩ
ȫ˱ľģ׼ΪԼͬ飬ȡһʱϢʱ
һŭӵȴֱӾʹ࣬ʮ⣬ͻȻ
ҵҪ˭Ǹӣǰɱ
һֿưĻ봾ȫһͼ࣬Ҳֻһ˲䣬˿ʮ⣬ԭƵա
ͻȻͱһռѷ죬һһ㣬ҵһУռ䡢ߣ磬ʱ
ڣޱߵĿռѷ֮ǰһɾ˵ѹϮֻɲǼ䣬ѹ봾ڤ͵ǰһ³һѪĸӣֱֱ̱ȥ
ѹӴѹʵ̫ˣԶʮһ˲ĸԪӤ۷ʿʧȥս
ǿ֧ţûѹ飡
ò˵̱һ̣봾ˣȴǼز档
ˣִˣ̫ˣ
ǰִôΪԪ䣬ǺڤԵȣҲϵ
ǣִôѹҲδ̫̫ˡ

ǼϢȥȫȡѶ򣬶Լʮʿȴһ㶣ȫЦ
ǵģ汻ǰϢȥ볤ľ룬ҲòͨǼʴѡ
ǣڤˣԶɽڵôлᴫϢ
޷˲ɱˣֻҪһʩչıֻܱ֮ʣ»֮Ǿͻж˿ʩչԪ磬Ҫɱˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ˷׷Ц֮ʡ
һŭӵȴֱӾʹ࣬ʮ⣬ͻȻ
ҵҪ˭Ǹӣǰɱ
һ仰Ҳȣȫһæȥ͵ؼϯµռѷ죬ǹӴѹ
ȴҲȫǰһƣֱֱһѪӣǿûǹѹ顣
ͻȻıʣڵëˣȫ˲䣬ŵûɢ
ǣ˭ô˿ֲѹ
찡Զʮ룬ֻϢѹáðڵɽǰʿѹĿ¾Ѫ㱻ֱ˺飿
ѹƣҲδ̫˰ɣ


346 һ
һˣ
ɽǰڵ
ɽڵĸı̫֮ˣ

ԭսɢޣһУεıŰɱҲǱŵľֻ׼ɱڤ˺Ƿݾ壬ҲЩ
ǰǰ˸ʿԷŹǶЩսģҲӦò꼰ˡ
һЩеɢޣȫȴЩȴֲ룬ֻվһ࣬Ŀ⿴򳤺ˡ
ⳤ꣬ڣҲ˽ˡ
Ҫ֣Ҳֻܹȳһɽʿȴ˿֪ɵɵ
ЩͷҲôɢһ˿ңûôùǲǳʿ
ҲȫǼԼң泤еʱһŰޱȵŭЦȴֱӾʹ࣬ʮ⣬ͻȻ
ҵҪ˭Ǹӣǰɱ
⵹ģȴһﵽ˼޵Ŀֲѹ
ǾһΰӴɽֱѹ£ʿͷ
ۡ
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ͬʱɢޣȫɫһף³һھѪҲ͵һֱֱ̱˵ϡ
˵̱ȫܵǿҵľһ㣬ȥȿܼޱȣǿһеĿռѷʱ
ʿžǰһʵĳ嶯
찡ʲô
Ȼ˿ֲ־˵ѹ˿ŵƣ
ֻǿѹѹǧԪӤʿ˲
⡭


ҲˣΪһ侪ŭޱȵĴȣðʱŹֵӣȴವһսϷ
ңһվȫ̱ڵϣǿֵһֲѹʿŹһ˿⣬˳ΨһĶɽʿ
㣬Ҫô͵͵ЦɭĻȴɲǼ䣬ٴαĻɢ
һɨңǧʿȫһֻ̱Ͽʮ⣬һ°ޱȵӰվͷ·һ°ۡңңĽǶȣĸһ㡣
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ԼɽǰڵΪڶԷŭ֮£վȵûУҲ̫˰ɣ
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ǼԶĺôӴĳеشЩнֹĵطҪ룬Ҳ֮ϸµһӱ˶У֪ļʿҲһŮѡ
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ʱӣϢҲԽԽԽԽǿ᣿
⡭ˣʵڶʲôȻôţ
ʦ֣ѵǼܿ
Ǵüܿģ
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ˾ȻⶼҡҶôã

һԪӤʿʣڤȴԽԽô֪ǸĴˣԼܽͻƸҲˣֲʩ˵ĶҲô̬
ȻҲ֪ʱôʲôôֻڼܿԽԽǿϢ˵ˡ
ɲ֮䣬ڤԶǸ˵ľη̶ȣȴ͵һֹ
ֹǺڤԣϢɺʿҲȫһϵڣӣɻ񰡣Ȼǿô˼飿


350 ġ챦ϣ
Ҳ磬һԪӤʿȫʱڣŹҲЩ֪üܿһƷħԪĶ򣬻ôá
ƷħԪ֮һйҲһƷˣʽΪ֡
Ƭ̣Źֲٴοɱֶ̬ļܿҲЩЦ򣬵Ҫʲôʱ
ҲЦУһֱ̬ĶϢ͵ظȻֹ󣬼ܿ͵ۡ
һۿŹʱ˫ڵľȺ͸мֱҪѶŹûһ㣬󣬼ܿǼæ۾̽ڣĲʵޱȵĸʱٴϲЩճյŹ֣ˡܿܿл֮
Ҳʵ̫̫ˣûôһ죬ֹ׵ƺԼҲ˸
ڴһеĶŹ֣ܿǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֻ֪ڶŹֵָмĲϧһȥ
ǺǣˣǿԳȥˡŹȴЦŵͷž̤ȥ
ƿ֮ԺڣԺ⣬һֱڴԪӤʿ͵ȫѹŹֲΰݡ
ֻΰ֮˵ߣǼļܿϡ
ô
ǰŵŮӣôã
ģʲô
ԪӤʿû˭ôãҲ֪ԷľʲôҲû˻ţܿĻͨƷ
ƷƷƷ
һͷڶԪӤʿ׷ˣ
±࣬ӵеƷԪ磬ȶԷԪӤ۷ӵеǿսӹɵģǸʱҲֻĽʼɣǶ±๧мӣڣЩҲûԼҲƷָжá
ЩҲչֻǻ롣
˭뵽ڣλʵ˵ִˣּһͨᵤʿģͻ˿µĸ
һ̣ԪӤʿܿǳ׳˶ʼɺĽԪӤ棬΢΢ۡ
һĻȴüܿһ·ʲô޴ľһ㣬㵽˶ŹڲǰֻһͨᵤڵӣǰκһˣҪĲˣЩˣǿۿһΣˣȴ㡣
֣̿
ܿŸոն򣬻ȥһĸȹǰһԪӤ̬Źȴ΢΢һЦżܿһתͷǰĺڤԵڤԣȼ֮ҡ
⻰Źֵӣ৵һʧԭء
ҲʧڤԵԪӤʿ৵һֳ׵ɺۣʲôֳǡ˾ȻҪԺȥ
ѵִڴ˼ܿһƷƷòҪҲʹͣ
ӹɵģҲǴﵽͨᵤ۷壬˸֮⣬޷ļԣ˴ģҲӦǸ
⣬ԪӤˣٴĶ˼ܿ
ǸղִʧǰҪܿǰȥ򣬿ǾͻֱΧ׷ȥѯܿײʲôȻܵõһ˲ĿӣȻһʹôͨʿΪ֮Ļ
ʦ桭һμʧ̬ܿҲëˣϾŸոն򣬻̫Լӵеĸıֻ̬ܼΪŵڤԡ
ĵ£ڸղŶŹ˵ģ׿ҲȥܿҲ˼ԶŹֵĸмҲٶƵ²ڣǶŹҪҲԥĴӦ
һ뵽ܿͺ
Ҳ仯֮ʣڤȴҲһʣ˹󣬺ڤԲǿѹµĸżܿܿ㡭㻹ȥɡ
֪仰ʱڤǶôĲȻǲǶŹֵֱӾͻ¼ܿúúоһ£Ǵõӵģ㵱Ѿ˵ûеڶˡ
ҲҪȥһңѵط׳죬ҲҪһ԰
ֻΪŹֶԼϸŮʹͣʵ̫ˡ
ڤѾҪˣҲð
ǣʦ𡣡֮󣬼ܿȻЩЩԪӤǼűԺȥ
ҲǿȥԪӤʿֳ׷ˡ
ƷƷܿʵ̫˰
أִ˵ʹͣʵ̫̫ˣ
ǰǰӵǿӵģָöð
ΣȥҲҪҵһЩ챦ԴãһоͶֵ˰

ȫͨ۾һԪӤ棬ȫһ˲¶⣬ǾǾǰеһã飬ҲҪҵһЩ챦ȥһ԰
ڣҲȥ򶼿ԡֻҪҵԴõĶŴ˵ʹ͡
ǰǰȻҲΪжŹֵȣҪϧһУȥѰһЩöԷ۵ıԽס
ʱ飬ϾȫǸжȻҲǽŹעȴԶûô
ЩԪӤ涼ˣ͸ԪӤµʿˣһʱ䣬ڵķΧǷڵĹˮһ㣬޾顣
Ҳ£һʽĲ֪챦ˮһӿ˳ԺֻȻǴ챦ԪӤǲ֪ԪӤżڣȴȫˢȥ
ϾСһںĲƬıҲʵ̫ˡ
ɼˣ˵飬Ҳû˿˥һЩԪӤڶʶ챦ͻٶȣڶŹǰ
ȻϽ챦ʿȫСĵŶŹֵĵ
ԴˣŹȴǱЩЦãȴҲû˵ʲôҲãЩԪӤʿϽɵ챦ǺöиҲʶЩȫãҲԳ˽ʹͺЯˡ
ϾھϻɸһۺյĶԪӤڡɽʿдõıҲʵǶĲ
һЩٸͷһʹȥͶͨԪӤʿʵˡ
Ҳ£ȼ֮󣬶ŹǺԥĴһƷħԪһ֮
ҲüϲּĸпãԶŹױȵĸмж֮顣
ֱ󣬾ôʮգ𽥰ѳڣԪӤʿʵ˲ٺ󣬶Ź£ų鵽ڣԼԶµԸҲһ˽⡣
ˣϣ֮飬һЩ֮󣬶Źֲſʼ˼һô졣
Ҳֻǲ֮¶Ŀ꣬ǾǸϿ췵عܲǣ֮ЦǶɽٺڣ索㹻ӦһٵЩӵġ
ڣһεĳһУΪ̫ļ˷ܡĵֻ֮ҲϢٴ˺üʮ㣬Ѿִ1937.1ĳ̶ȣǿռ֮Ҳһ˿ִ1810ĳ̶ȣһСģͿӭٵġ


351 ġ챦£
ҲڶŹ׼뿪ʱڤȴٴδһᵤʿٶ
ϵĽ˷󣬺ڤԾһ˷ܲѵĶŶŹֵˡ·֣һΣŴһġ
ٽһ仰֮󣬺ڤԲȡһ鷽εƣޱȵϵݳʣƣ͵һΣܿõǿӣһϢ
ȷᵤʿһ׷ϣصƣ󣬾̽ͱڤ̷֣ƳǷ⣬ɢĶϢǺ͵һμܿϽɵӴ
ββ˷ܣ
Ϊǿӣ˲ֹ˼ʹ˼ŮֿƷҲƷĸΪЩһɿֲ챦ȡ
ڣĶȻٳһҲʵЩڴһΣ֪˻ʹͺᵤʿʲôĶ
ҲźڤԵĻŹֵ΢΢һ㶣ֱӿƣǿһϢѵһ̺ĲƬ
ģ׬ˣ
Ҫ֪κһĲƬͱʮʹͳЩȫҪصġ֪ЩʹֻͣΪԸĴûõʲôﰡ
ΪŹֵɨɨ·ˣŹֲһ̧֣ӺڤоƣϢȥơ
ϢھƻмʱڣطһµϢⲿ
ףһǹŹٴɫһ䣬Ǿǹ
ǰڹŹּΪģͱԶµı飬ƽȥӴı֮ģĪκΣڣһΪѾɽٺڣޱƽһ١
ԣǿƷԪԣǿƿ֮Ҳǲܡ
Ͼ˫ƷԪ磬ڵִɽٺںȻǵ֮Ҳ֮ǾͺñֻԪӤǰʱͿԿһЩԣƸı֮
ϸ룬Źֱӻӷ˫Ʒı֮ȥƿǵ
䡫
һĺ죬·ĺڤԣ͵ľ;ǰһɿֲĲǹϢ׺̶ȣȴŵֱһǱ룬ȴǹɲҪǰʱȴ͵رһɸǿĽԭء
仯֮࣬ҲɵüŹ֣ҪȥлŹֵĺʱȴ͵
ֻΪڤͻȻ֣Źִʱֳ˾֮ʵɫĶһƷ˴
˶Īʲô֮󣬺ڤҲɵôԭء

Σ⡭еĶŹ֣Ĵˡ
ǰΪڣһĲƬȴôҲû뵽ƿĹ֮ᷢһصĶ
ǣǾһصĻ
ǵģһƿⲿĹ֮ͱקһλ֮Уչʾĵطһ֮ŨޱȣΰӴĵá
һ˾㤵˼޵ӴѹԶŹִʱõѹʱҲǲĸе˼˵𺳺η塣
˵Ϣһ֥飬Ǵǵڣѹһϵ
֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫̫ˣĸ޷ݡ
ѹǰŹֱٶӣԼ˵Ԫ񣬾ͻᱻǹѹƬ
һӿֱػˣҲʱеѹͻ룬ͻȻɢ
ţһصӿԺ
һĶȡŹˣٴδˡ
ǡһϽµ
ԳƣɽʷۡʮһһλȴǰóȻ½磬׽Ĩɱһǰð֮һǿĨɱڹɽ磬ֻ۾
۷ֱΪۡ׵ۺѪۣλɵۣɽס
ǸΣλɵۣʱ䣬ײβճټһɽƿȨʵھС
˼𣬻̫ƫģӣֻ̫ĵش֮⣬ͼͳһС
ͳϽĵش಻ռɽٷ֮һʮ֮ء
һеȨǶôĿ¡Ҫ֪ɽɲֹһϵʿ֮ȥ½ʿ֮ȥ
˵̺˶ϵһϵ
˴ĵĴڡϵǿߣֱǲЩǿڷ֮ɽ緱ܳĺپۡ
˵ǸӴ̶ȣֱ޷
Ҳ󣬾ɽĵλȨжôֲˡ
ȻҲȫ£ֻǹۣˣǷֱͳԶһϵӴشΪ
ģµ֮һ
Էƣȴ˵½ʿ˭ܰõһȷ֮󣬾ͿȥͳϽĵشȡԷһŵһ飬շ½ʿʲôҪֻҪõһӦ
ҲΪˣŹֲųˡ
ֻΪֻΪ̺Ϣʵ̫ˣ
һĳŵ飿ʲô£ֻҪԷõһȥʵ֣
е壬÷κʿΪ֮ˣ
ôĴڡϵʿڽںʱԷȴ̷Ǽڷ磬ʵΪģǺ·֮󣬵λʵ̫ͣ
˭ڷ֮ǰ͵õһĳŵ飬ǾֻǴǰھͷһɽ磬¾ֱӵпȽɵĵλ
ϢɲöŹֲȻ
û뵽ֻǼٽ챦֮ҪɼԶԸȴĻһơ
ҲȻ֮󣬶ŹֲֻȻһֻΪͻȻǶλ󣬹ֲãֲɽٺڣ˫ƷԪʵǶλУͲ㱻ĨɱԭǾµĻ
ǰһðȻ½磬׽Ĩɱô˵ϻɸˣǸĨɱˣһȥµĲɸֻ⸮ĲúڵΪ֮ܶѣڵϢһŵµĳŵ飬١Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ԶŹֵĶڳ̺ҲЩ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
һֱɫ粻·ĺڤԣ׳ƵĽᵤʿȴЩˡ
ˡƣֹԴǷãƬ֮󣬺ڤԲСĿڡ
Ҳֻһ仰ְѶŹָˣǿЦõĿϵƬ̣ͻȻǽƵĽᵤڵӣҲЩɻһҲδ̫ˣȻõһ޷ֵơ
ƣҲġ챦ˡ


352 Ԫ̥ϡ
ˡһܵŹЦԷǵעӣǽᵤڵӵҲˣæѵĿڡ
ҲĻ̬Źֲ͵һ̾·ƣðɣ
Ż֣ŹָȡһƷħԪһ򱦣ǵӣһƷһ򱦣ȥɡ
һ仰ǵӲٴδˣЩ˼ĶŶŹеûƷ򱦣
һͨᵤʿɶǸ޷ջ󰡡ȻܳȱǣѼЩص챦ΪõЩޱȵĶµͷʱǲĳˡ
лˣԷڤԲżæǳԷһҲ¶ĶҲһ˿Եĸ̾
˵ʹͣһĺصİ
ҲǵǵӼæл֮󣬺ڤԲŶԷˣܿ죬ڣٴֻʣ¶Źһˡ
ҲǵʱֹŹһЦеơ
⡭⣬Ҳʵ̫Źˡ
΢΢˼һ£ŹֲͻȻ󣬺±ˣھʣǼ˭֪Ԫ̥
Ԫ̥ǷҪ˼ȥѰԪ̥ŹҲû˿⡣
ȻҲ֪ܵõһԪ̥ǵԺʱȻõ޷棬һڣ˵ɽ磬͵һǿĻ
ڲ֪λȡԪ̥ʱҲ治֪òȥ
õḶ́Ƕô鷳һԣϾԷµŵԣʵ̫ջˣŹԼҪߵأһǿϣȻ޺Ԫ̥õĹ̫̫ѵĻҲδػȥ
ϾΪһ翵ԸھͰԼˡ
ԣҪģŪʲôԪ̥Ȼᡣ
ҲʻХɳЫˣֱӴˣȫ¶ɻԪ̥ʲô
±࣬ȻҲһ£ϸҲӿֳһ˿ɻ󣬿һæڵˣµйԪ̥һЩţǲ֪ǲ˵Ǹ
Źһϲڵ
ǣˣԪ̥˵ǿıʥҩһ򵥵ӣһʿԪ飬ֻҪҵǰκκйصĶǰƹķ϶Էµһ˿ͿԪ񡣶Ԫ񣬸֮ǰõԪһ޶Ҳһһ˵ֻҪԪ̥֣κʿٺϾֻҪԪָû壬ҲԶᡢطȵȡ˳ŶŹֵĻ±̿ڽ
ĽͣҲöŹ֣ԼȣȫǺһо˸һ˿ȡ
Ԫ̥ĹЧԪ飬ֻҪҵǰʿʹõķǲһ˿ͿԪ
⣬ȴǱǲĲ֭Һǿֹ
±ݣҲû˿˭Ԫ̥Ǿ͵ڶһ㱻˳ĨɱҲԪ̥临ԭ
ѵλѻӣֻܵԪָ̥شҪǣѵټһɽ磬ûԪ̥ƵУŹ£Ҳһ˿ɻ󣬵ΣҲְֻ˿ɻѹȥ
ΪʲôҪԪֻ̥Ԫ̥ǿṦЧƺбҪȥѰôһԱʱ֮衣
Ͼ磬˭Ҳ֪ʱֻ٣ԼҪǴһԪ̥իhȱãҲֵõġ
ٴ˼һŹֱֱֲ±ȻԪ̥˹أǺѻã
ȷصκʿôһԱʱ֮裬ʣ϶ô׵õġ
ҲĻԼˣҲȫĿ¶Ŀ˹ȥ±Ŷʱ¶һ˿Ц˵ĲԪ̥ȻЧΪ죬ڣֻһطУǾ򡣡
򣿡
ҵǸĵط

ҵģȻɣХˣֺҲһĹŹ쳣ǲȻ
⵹öŹ΢΢ȻֻΪ⼸ʱϵıʵ̫Źˡ
٣ˣ֪²ڣֵĵطˣ˭Ҳ֪ǵطôأ˿ⲼõģǵطĹ죬ҲʵԸţˣȻǱʿģ̫ˡ
ǵطֱһͱŹֵɻżæЦſڽͣȻû˵Ԫ̥ĴۼãҲһͿЦá
ǰΪɲ˵ʲôһǸط̫ˡХҲӹ˻ǹŹֵĵȻҲ˵Ҳ֪żжô˱õһżûκΣգģֻһͨ²΢ȵ֮ţǵţҲ̫̬ˡϣһ֣֮Եİָ
²Ψһ취ǲ֣֮û˿ԿƳκһɽϵʿ֮ıȻ֮־ͻתֻҪֹͣķλָĸıʿӵеĸһô֮žͻ򿪡
ͨĹãǵطÿʮ꿪һΣֻҪһͨʮ꣬ʿͲҪˣɽ㣬Ҳ˵һ̣ԽʮΣûвԣôʿ֮ڣ޷Ѿʹùĸıȥˡ
ǣ̵תȫԵģܹİָһֻ̣İٷ֮һĸʣҪ֮ţ̫̫ˡĺˣȻת꣬Ҳδܽȥ
һ˵ĽͣŹҲˣģ̣ôȫڶ
ǰһת̣İָÿʿĸֻһλᣬֹֻͣתʱָĸͲ̵ʿϣܴ֮š
⻹ȫֻܿ
һͣҲöŹֶԡ򡱵ġһ˵ӡǹطҲ̫˰ɣ
ÿ꣬ܲһ̣ÿİٷ֮һĸʣһʿԪҲǧ꣬⻹Ǿ󲿷ʿһڡ
ֻŸոձһѺ󣬶ŹȴͻȻǰһˣһʿӵжָأǲÿָвһεĻ᣿
ǿô˵һʿӵ˫߶ģ֮١
ŶŹֵķʣֱһͣͣŽţͱˣҲԽԽСӵжָҲδܰЩȫɽڣֻ̣еִɽڵĸܡȣȡ
ŽţҲȥˣˣҲױ
ֻΪͻȻǰλ̬Ĵˣӵеĸ֣ȫﵽ˶ɽڣһΣİٷ֮һĸʣٴأ
˲֮ˣ
ô˵ȥвٰգ˵ȴöŹֳ˷ٴοˣǼ͡
ҲŶŹֵעӣȲٴιŹֵЦڵˣʵܽͨģ棬Ҳô򵥣˵Ľôڶ΢ȣȫʵˡ
ÿʮһοᣬ֪ԨۼʮޱȵʿҲǲǰʮڣһΣֱܲͨӽģ΢ÿΣֻҪκͨͻԶرաҲ˵ʮ˶ֻܽ㣬ȫȽϵľʵ
ʵıƴʽҲ˱ģ΢ȣһɽȣͨĵʿɽһΣֻҪԽȵףͿԵִһˣ㣬ɽȣҲûκԹеΣգֻһƽ̹Ĵǣ˭ֻ֪Ҫ˽һ㣬˾Ҳû˻ᣬÿһΣ󷽵ʿΪֹȽ²㣬ˡ
һͣҲöŹеգǰʮޱȵʿֻܽ²㣬ɽȱûκΣգʿ֮Ҳʵ˾ڡ
ĵ·ܳǣڶɽٺڵʵÿһ˲ƣǹǲǼٸ֮䣬ܺɵġҲ˵κһ˺ڵʿǿڰɵģ̶·֮˲Ŀ
΢֮󣬾Ǽ֪ԨˣԨҪʲôȹ¾Ͳˣȴ֪Ȼÿʮ궼ʿ㣬ͨ㣬ִĲʿһ꣬δһ
Ĳ򣬾ΨһıأģҲȫһЩδŵ챦ֻҪܽȥͿժò˵ǵĲĴ򣬲ʿְֺ޵ĵط
ǵطҲûһ˿ΣգѵȴЩ˿ЦõĽ֡
ã򣬾йһ֪ǰһڵĺڻʿòףޱȵĽһȴ˼֪꣬ѡʲôĻХҲ˿ڣһıΪڵ̫ˡ
ݣ֮󣬿˼ڷ磬Ҳӵ޾ԪⶫЧʵ죬Ҫ֪ʿΪֺ·֮󣬵λʵ̫ͣΪסսɥԲôͣʵĳһݣǻǡԶһ֮ԡ
ٱľֻҪϣͿʿһ׽٣κεε׽٣½磬ĵھ׽٣ľҲԵһͬʱɽ٣ήףľһԵĸɽʿܵõһľֱͲҪ̫ˡٿֲ٣ɶɹ
оǸղű˵Ԫ̥ˣû뵽ⶫҲڣڵĴ⣬κһ챦ӵвԪ̥ĳЧǣܽ˴ʿȴֻܲȡһ䡭ֻܲȡһֻҪȡ֮󣬾ͻ̱˦⡣Ǹڻʿڽ֮󣬳׿ۣ֪ѡʲôֻһѡ񣬾˼ꡣΪ֪ѡʲô㱻

Х˵һδνͣŹֳˡ
һζġ˿̹ĵʶ찡ĶȻȻȫЩرǣܽҽ룬ȴֻһѡ᣿
⡭κһÿɻʿᱻһѡ񣬶ĥɣҲǵʱŹ̵ֲĺڻʿΪʲôֻһѡ񣬾ѡˡ
Ǽֱĥ˰
ȳһк󣬶Ź£Ҳһ˿ڴ˷ܣֻΪ̺ʵ̫ˡ
㲻ΪĳŵҲбҪȥһ԰
Ĳ˵һģԣͼΪںĶ㡢Ҳ󣬵ʱ·ڵټңֻҪһ˿϶ŷɢϾ˭֪ԽĵطʿԽ죬Խû٣ɱˣֻˣһֻҪȡһᣬ㣬˼һʵȫвκ˵İա
ֻǣһ뵽󣬴ڵĹŹ֣ŹҲ̲סһۣǴ򣬻һ׼ĥ˵ĵش


353 ɫвپ
ȻѾģҲ˵Ź־ҪϸϹȥϾǸشÿʮ꣬ŻῪһΡ
ѯһ´οʱ䣬Ŵ±е֪Ҫ֮ãŻῪ
ꣿ˵ҲĲĬĬ˼һŹֲȻʧЦͨ˶ԣǺܳһʱ䣬ּʿԣһαչأܾ͹ȥˣڣϻعڵļǣҪһ·̡
λãȱǾǻҪԶҲ˵ٻҪһϵ·̡
ų·;ҪڼǼմ٣Ϊĵ׼΢һǷ֣ʱ䣬Щš
ȷԤƣһ׽٣һ٣˵٣ֻҲڵھŵʱߵȵĵ٣δҪһ٣١
һ٣Ҫʮ£һ٣һ¡
ô㣬ʱ侹ԽԽˡ
˼֮󣬶Źֲ¶⣬Ҫ췵ؼǡ
뵽ҲڤԵ˴УԴˣڤԺһɳʿȴǲǼܿŮڶŹˣ׷ȥҲ֪Ϊ̫ͣ׷˶ŹҲֻ׸ǿǻļ͸ж
־ŹȴЦԣպлᣬ᷵سһǰԵʰޱȵļ֮顣
ݱ֮˵Ͱǰĵ·ǡ
һ֮ٴ̤ϼϤĴʱŹǲһЦȥϻᱨ
˵ǱʵҲϴк˵ˡ
Щ֮󣬶ŹֲԱչΪɣʼǰɺ쳾֮أմ١
ʱ˫ƷѾִ˶ɽٺڣֻűʵҪɱЩޣѾ׾٣ûơ
ɵУµڴҲԽԽŨ
طҲȷ̫Źˣܽ룬һԪ̥Լãǵȷ֮ȥȡأ
һ˿ŹֵЦ⣬ŹֲֳͶմС

Ҳ£ʱ䣬ܿ󻮹һ롣
һĳգϳϻṦѫƽ̨ϣеҲͻȻٴɢټƽ̨ķཥֻʣһĿޱȵ
ʱޱƽʸڵĶɽʿ췵ؼǳϻܲǼǣϻᣡ
һĳ֣ϣһαŷһɽʿȻһ֮͸һЦõģ
ٶɽʿڴʱ¶˻Σƣ򱯰
Σһʱڣһʮ϶ɽڳϣ׷׸ǳϻܲ
һʮųϣǰѹ׼ȥҲôһˣǰʮʱײ˴ˣڰڣ̤ʿ
һһ¼ʸǰȥʿ󣬸ʱصһĹϾǴϹ׼ſʼʮλǴһһͨϢ
ϾںϵȫλµɸıأĳЩ̶ϣй֮ʸڵģ
ʱڲʮλˡϵڴϣʮˣڰ겻ڣֻˣʸȥ
ڹ׼ĴѶ£ҲܿǶȴǹĻҺһλϵͷһΪִ۷Ĺ
ǣȻѾ룬ǾͳɣϣΣǹ϶ʮˣٶһ˶Ѿ룬ĻҲЦջĿ⣬ڵ
Ļʿ༱æͷڹĻҡ׼
ȴʱԳϻܲ⣬ȴͻȻһһͦεӰͳڡ
һˣڶʮλɽʿȫɫһݣߵݡ
μŴϣ
ĻҺ͹Ҳһ֮ȫЦк
֣Ļȴֺ֪ʱˣǺǣɫƺαչأвپϲɺأ
ִϡ

ȻкΪ磬ò˵ˣĻڣڶŹִʱϻᣬȴҲЩ⡣
Ҫǰȥ򣬶ŹʲôУ
Ц˻ΪŹֻôֺͶԷĽ飬ڡڶŹǷҲȥ
ЩǣȴûһƵͷϾǰģǶɽʿ֪λųϣһָǰŸողԪӤڵġ
ˣ˭֪λŴϵͱ̬ҲûڣʹԪӤڣɽڡ
ϾʿԣԪӤڣ̤ԪӤ۷壬ֻһָҲҪĿޣ͸ԪӤ۷̤ɽڵѶˣǿɲֻҪʱ䣬Ҫ
Ļҵȣ֪λǰڿϵĶųϣĻֵողԪӤڵģԪӤڣͿԿɽĴȺڼɵҲû˻ΪŹôʱڣ̤ɽڡ
ɲɻҲû˻ôɵֱʣԹĻҵЦŹк󣬾;ڽ⡣
ҲһƬע£ŹֲһЦŹĻҺ͹ּĻҴϡϣ֪λǷҪ򣿡
ǺǣˡĻٴһЦɻʢͷ
ǺãֵÿĻֵһǰȥ⻰ŹֲҲЦ
ĻȴùĻһ˵ȣɵˡ
ŹҲҪȥ
Ƭ̣ĻҲͻȻΪŹֵĵ֣ȻʵĻ֮£ȴ޷ô󡭡ֻʹøı֮лᲦ̣ⷽ桭
ĻҲܲùŹ֣ЩΪѣôͣöŹֱȽƽȵĽܣĵ£ȴҲһգ˭߶ŹϢģѵԷڸʱû˵ֻӵиı֮ʿǰȥô
ڿɺãȴǶϣŹô
ϾȥҪʵɽڣûʸ
۵սŹȴ˿ġ
ǶŹֵʸ񣬻ûʸʵ֤ûиı֮ûʸ񣬵һŹֵսĻһǲ˼˵Էûʸ
ϾҲ̫ˡ
ֹǹĻңһԵĹҲһΪѣƿڴ˸߶ŹϢʿԷⲻ˿ô
һԵһʮɽʿʱҲȫһŹ֣ɵɵĿŹ֣֪Ǻá
ǰһģŹȴҲεҡҡͷؾͷųԼĸı֮
Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ӧɸı֮һ̻֪ν͵ĹĻҺ͹׾ͳˣĶ˶Ź֣ǳմ
ı֮ųϡ㣬ɽˣ
ۡǶɽٺڵĸı֮

ǰڳŹʱĻЦƿŹֵɫƺչ˲Сľʵʵ˵ֻǿʱӦԷɽٺڵĸı֮Ļǰһڣʵĳ嶯
ʵ֤˶Źֵı̬ޣҲֻܱ̬Ƕ̶̼꣬ʹӳԪӤɽٺڰɣҲ̫ˡ


354 žͷ
ɽٺڵĸı֮
Ŵô
ǲ˵ŴϣЩƶĴҲʹڿˣ
ۡϴϻɸʱŴϲԪӤǰô֮䣬͡

ĻҶ㱻Źֵٶȸ̼ȥ͸һɽʿˣʱһʮˣȴȫ˲֮ڣ͵ĿʼǣʿƤǰڣûһ
һʿעӣŹȴһЦŹĻҵĻ֣ҿһ˰ɡ
һ仰̾˻ɵɵĹĻң󣬺òƽ´ߵϸ⣬ĻҲǿһ˿Ц⣬ԣּȻѾ˶ɽڣȻǿԵġ
ǰڵĶŹֲԣǻʲô˿ԣ
ǣڽ仰ʱĻҵ£ʵܵ˼㡣
ֻΪôҲ벻ͨŹֵĽΪʲôô졣
ڹĻҸЦͬˣҲĬļ룬ǵǲӭһǿ߼룬ֻʱûӦԷʱΪѡ
ҲһʿĳĬУ˲ŻеĸǵĴ
Դ飬ŹҲֻεҡҡͷβϣֻ˿ҪִﴫǰʱһֱͷԵĹĻңȴ͵ͣ˽ŲתͷԶŹִ֣и⣬ֻһִָ˶ɽٺڣǶ֣ȫ
⻰ʱҲ˵Ļʲô飬ôվڴ⣬һƽĿŶŹ֣ȴ𰸡
ĵ£ĻҲǲ֪Լʲôζ
ղţһֱ𾪶Źڶ̶̼ڣͰѸӳԪӤڣ˶ɽٺڵĳ̶ȣˣֹ̬һָһ֣Ƕ֣Ƕ֣ʱǿתתöΣ
Ƕ֣ĻҲʵЩ޷ܣϾһָڼڴӳԪӤɽٺڣ˾ĿɿڴˣȫǣҲ̫˱ˡ
ԣڸղǸ⣬Ǽڴη塣Ź˵ǣҲ˵ǡ
СŹ΢΢ЩȻĻôͻȻ⣬Ψһ˼ǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
£ҲϾȵֻҪһת̣һоͻĻеģǿЩ
ҲֻһĻƽӣӿһǿҵĳ鴤ռҳ鶯γһΡΡ׳۵ĲƣֻɲǼ䣬˸˵ע⡣
Ǻǣû£û£־͵ûʺˡǿ۵ĸоĻһڵתͷ찡ϱ̬Ȼİи˶ɽڣ
Ҳ̫˰
ǿҵĳ鴤УĻȴҲĸеһ˿ҡ
Ǿҿһļһǹڲĸ߲㣬Һϵ㲻Ȼǻ룬ĵ׷ëĸо
ʿȻ֪ղž£һĻҴʱı飬ҲȫǷ׷ױ
ĻҴ϶ѾˣҪô
˵ÿ˶Ѿ֪ЩֻԽԽ˱ˡ

λںϵһߵǿڡ
ǾһƬƣ̫УȫûУֻۿ·һʵƣɽڲ鿴Ҳ֪澹һƬ½ء
˵Ҳ֪򣬾Ϊ죬ɣӣɲΣÿʱ䣬ڣͻдʿǰ
ʱҲ⡣
ʱʱ̫УͻʱһӰֱֱȥ
Ҳ£ңңʾͷͻȻԳһʮʿ
ˣ֣ǰСƬ̣ǾܽˡһУһĹĻҵˣǰԳߵ򣬲ǹĻңǹȣȫ¶һ˿Цڴ
ǰǾˣһΣҲ֪˭ô˵ģΪ̵ʿ
ҲЦŵͷŹֱֱǰŨޱߵţ΢΢ЩпȻ棬Ҳʵ̾
Ц֮˲ؼӿ˷ٶȡ
ܿ죬͵ִǰŹĻҵȣҲû˿ԥȫڡ

һĿռ䲨Źźֻǰһһ͵ִһʵĸ߿ա
߿գһƬɾˬĿ·ȴɽˮ㣬ȫһ泩ɽͷһ߸ߵĹģǹ֮ϣҲƽ̹зԲʮƽ棬Ҳıߣһصš
ǵţһȥһɣ׵ĺɫĻһƬһ㣬ںŵУһ޴Բδ̡
ϣȴ߲ͷףɫţһֺĵĸо
ĺˣʿʲôڣĸϵ̣ȴÿʮ꣬Żת롣һĻٴһЦͶŶŹֽ͡
͵ĹУȳžͷķȥ
Ҳһ˵𽥿ĴʿӰҲˣҲһʮһŵģģۣǵĲġ
һĻʶӿ·ţԼǶʮҵʿȺ̾˼Ц
ǺǣһΪ˴ιϻ˭ǰԭĻ֡
ƶҪԤףĻ֣̤ˡ

кģȻššˣͬΪͷЩ֮䣬ֻҪǼȽ񣬱˴඼ẮһɢޣûٽģֻǶԴӶ
Ц뿪ڵļʿ䣬ĻҲŴŹˣһտĵشͣ
Ҳžۼأһʿȴ˹󣬸ˡ
Ļ֣ôǹϣǰˣֱӽ㣬ļλѣЦ£ʿȴĿһ˿ζ
ŶԷЦĻ£ֱһ˿ŭֻΪǰʿĴ˺ǿߣ䡣
ŭȻλ᲻֪ǹ⼸ʮڣ˭ֱӽʸ֪ʣѹҵơ
ֻΪһΣһǽת̣ʿ֮һ
һȽϣȻͳˣţһ˺ʿԽ΢ȣңȴֻɽڣɵӣҲ֪п̤֪ԨҲпܽĲ㣬ıش򣬵ҵʿ²ǸͲͻƶ㡣
ǺǣּЦˣǹȻֻɽʿֱӿ㣬һΣҲδûлᣡеŭĻҲ¶һЦ⣬ڵ
Ļôаգĳˣԭĳ뿴Ϊڵķϣڶչһ¼λء˹ĻҵĻȴٴһЦо֮⡣
ȷͬΪȴ˳˵Ҫչ˹ϣ˾˵ţȹϸһͷˡ
⵹Ҳֵ֣ĹϵǾ̫ԶҺ̾ûκνӣǱ˴֮䣬䲻̫ȴҲԵʱֻ̣ڱϣԶԷ˽һ棬ҲǺͺײᷢ¶ˡ
Һ˫һͶԷཻݣҪ˵ûһҲܡǰʱ򣬲һңֻҪдѹԷĻᣬ;Բġ
ԣڻ˶Էһͷ£ֱһ죬شӹĻƿߣڹʿУɨһȦֱֱ˶Ź֡
⣬ǸŹ֣ԴУǣһ֮ܰɳЫʥǿߣƴʿ֣˾Ǵðģ


355 ųϣҲҳô
ȷֻһۣϳ˶Źֵݡ
Ϊһۣ֪ʿ಻֪ģȴϣ£ҲûʲôñܻģԹϸ߲㣬Ҳ׷Ϣ
ȻױŴ̽
ò˵ڶŹֵ֪Ҳֹڴˡ
ӵеĶԪ磿֪µģڲûоϻɸڣħһۣ֪µʿɹϸ߲㣬ȴϢй
Ͼħһʣʵ̫ˣͻȫдʿ浽ʱŹֵǿԿŲڴʿʵֱܣټĺڣһأͿƲǡ
ǹңɾ͵ùˣԹҶԴ˲ܲע⡣
ҪôĨЩ֪ʿйǼµļ䣬ҪôЩʿ޷Ǽ£㱻˷ڽҪͷҲԪɢ±طѳЩ䡣
ټϵʱܽϻɸģԶǹڲĿɿʿԾ㵱ʱв֪Ź־ħϢȴûй
Ҳ͵ˣȼǰĶŹֺ£Ҳֱ˲СȤɻ
ϾԷһ˴ܰʥǿߵģֵע⣬ΪǼʾţԷа˳ɿܾǴǿߣ㲻ǣ಻Զѡ
һ޽ӽڣ߿ѾǴڵʿ͹䣬֪壬κһֻҪһڵڱ˴˾Ƶƽϣͻµĸı䡣
ˡĳ׾λĪǾǽڹȵĶųϣ
ŶŹֿƬ̣رһЦ벻˾ðģɶԷȻѾˣȻҪرһµġ
ǺǣǶĳּϡԶԷЦŹҲЦŻػ
ҵųϣǵһǰˣԶųϵҪ㣬Ҳмϣģĳڶ㹧ųˣٴһЦ׵Ŀڡ
⻰ԤףԷɹеζȴѰζ
İٷ֮һĸʣ˵õõõõģȴڶȺ򣬰˾뿴Ц
ǰҺţ֮ͬһжųϼˣôĴʿûһʦ֣ǻǵȵ˶㣬ųϵˣҲĻʿ֮һҲǴЦſڡ
һˣ䲻ڣȴҲһſЦģ
һĻֱӾùϵˣȫһŭɫȴ޿κΣϾʵΪ϶ͷԷд˺ʿڣȴֻɽڣʵ̫ˣҲֲöԷֺ
ҲЩǴʿעؼ棬ԽĻǰ벻֪Ϊ˫Ѻദǰ˴ףء
һƬ֮Уˣȴ˶Ź֣иŷһ˿ڴϣ
ӹɵǣʱҶʮ˵˭п̤㣬ǷǶŹӵжٴλϱ̬Īˣ
ףԷ˶Ź֣ڴĻҲˣ΢΢죬ѲŹ֣вСʵ
Ҳֻ˲֮ˣͳ׷ſģ̣ʵǲеģ˭ֻƴ
Щ˵ڴԵЩЩ޻
һţɵӰֻܿ£Ҳܶĳһ˱мĺ˶һۣͻȻһЦųƺвСգĳڶ㹧ˣ
Ц֮תȥ
ĵ£ҲıĻҵ˵ĹΪЩЦԷǡ
ˣĪԴˣʷû˵˭ǰаյģǾȻǶŹôڴ
ǺǣǷãԽʧҲԽǵſϷУ
ЩڴЩһȼ󣬻ʲô顣

ƽȵĻУ䣬Լʿȴȫ˱˴˵뷨
ż˵ȥĻҵȣҲѹŭֻƽĿʼȴȷʷ˭ǰаյģŹ̫֡һˡ
Ȼ˭֪ǰʵòʿֻܿŹһˣȴӵжٴβ̵Ļᣬÿֻİٷ֮һļʣٴμĻᣬҲͨ˵Ķٱ
ûȥҲʵ̫ûˡ
ҲڵȴУʱ䣬һοʼţֱպϣٴζ˼ˡ
ԭһֱƽ޲̣Ҳ͵ıһҫ۵Ĺ󣬵еĹֽȥʱԭһ֮ϣͶһ޳ת롣
Ҳͬʱϣ߰ʿҲȫԭվһܵĿ̡
ȴûǰ
󲿷ʿȴҿȷϣǷʿǰһ룬ȻźþԼǷ֡
ЩԲֱ̣ͨӽʿҲûǰ
ֻΪĺָܹ֣δʱ˿Բָʱֻܽһ£ǵֻ̱еȾۼĵʿȫһ̺̲Żʧ
ʸ²ģͿ͸ǵţ㣬ʧȥʸģᱻֱ˦ģҲٴλָǰָֻ̣״̬
˵Щֱʸ΢ȵʿҲֻܵȫһκ󣬲жһ㣬һΪ˽
ҲھĵȴУۼʱѾȥ˺Ƭ̣ϣûǰԭһֱȴ䣬ͻȻתͷ˹һֱЦĻ֣ҪȥôΪ֮һҪͷɣ
⻰Ļȴֱһתͷȥӣû˿
ɵȻǶǴȫûκΰ취һͷʣܲǲҪĺãϾȥֱʧܣǰװҪ֪ǴŹһǰģһβҲܵȥڣΪֵġ
Ȼߵ̫磬Ҳʵûӡ
Ļ˿ܼٴһЦſŹ֣ųϣѵҲȥô
ƣŹȴ΢΢ü󣬻ֱ̤һǰȥ
Ҳ߶ԭҿʿ͵ȫһֱֱͣ˶Ź֡
ǺǣųϹȻʹ죡䣬ڼŹ߳Ҳһͣû뵽Լһ仰һ˳ȥ
ЦУ£ȴһЦԷǣŹϣû뵽Ȼܼȥİٷ֮һĸʣʧܵļʣҲʵ̫ˣʧԺ󣬻ҪŹȫֺߣѵͲò˼ô
ɼȻԷѾ˳ȴҲֵվһԣſԷ֡
٣ͻȻðļһʵǲҲδ̫嶯ˣǲֵ̫ǡһֱڹˣ˹Ļ֮⣬һֱԶŹ֣ҲǷ⿴˳ֻۣΪŶ̫ȱ˽⣬Բַͨʽ̽һЩĵϸ
ڣȿһ˳ס¶жϣҲ͵½˼ΣʿΣ̫嶯ǻǲΪˡ
һͷֱֱŶŹ֣ǵЦ⣬ҲԽԽߡ


356 ųϵı̬Զûô򵥣
֮⣬ĻһУڼŹǰʱȻҲ΢΢е죬ţϾͶֳһ˿ڴ
˷ӦΣŹֻƽߵǰ󣬾ͺԥ֣̱棬Ǹ޳ָϡ

ָ͵һŹڵϲ֮Ҳ˳ָ֣ӿȥһ޳ָ룬ҲವһͿʼ˷ٵת
ָŸոת󣬶Ź£ؾһ󣬵ָµļ¶Уһǿҷֻǵָĸʱǹɼ¶ͻȻʧָʱǼ¶УһΣ৵ĸ֡
ͻ¶ȴöŹһͳȻ
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ǣµļ¶ȻӶķ
΢΢ȻУָתȴû˿ͣ৾İٸٷһȦ˲֮ڣŹĵ׵ļ¶ȴҲ৵ķ˶ٴΡ
Ҳǲӿֵļ¶УŹֲŴȻѣžһϲ
ԭˣĻҵҲˡ
ﲦֻ̣Ҫָֹͣķ򣬺ͲָʿӵеĸıһͿԳɹ
ǷҪʲôıͱָͣıϡ
Ҳ˵ʹĳһָıָֹ̣ͣʱָĸֻҪӵеĶָ֮һͶܳɹ
һĳɹʣﻹİٷ֮һǿÿζ֮һĸʣ
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³ǳ޵еùͲܲɹ
ȷǴˣǰĹĻҵȣΪĻᣬֻͨ˵ĶٱֻΪǰûʿӵôеĸȫ˸ıĸ߶ȡ
ϾĻҵȣҲһ֪⣬żдҲ˿ֵ֡
򵥵ӣȣӵһָıʿԣĸıӵеĸıһģԲộָÿһȦ¼¶ĻᣬҲֻһΡ
Σӵָ֡ʿԣЩʿδܰеĸȫı֮ĸ߶ȣϾͨ˶ԣûսǰѸ֮ľ磬γԪ磬һɽڣɱɸıʵ̫ˡ
Լʿӵָ֡ȵĳһָıĸ߶ʱĸͨڸ֮µľ磬ı޷Ĳ࣬ԣʱָ뾭ӵеϷʱΪЩǸıһ¶ǣиʿӵеǶָתһȦʱһֻһμ¶
ҲأڹĻҵ£еΪŹȥתÿεĳɹʣҲֻİٷ֮һ
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֪ǰ뷨жôף
۶ŹִʱǶôϲɣһֱתָ룬ͣԺһεĽ̳ʿǰ
ָֹͣת̣һû˿仯ɾͱʾʧܣΪǳɹ̣ͻͻȻųһӫ⡣
ʿ۵ףûʲôˣϾʧܣʵ̫ˡ
Լųϵʿֻǵ˶Źһۣ뿪ˣҲûԵı仯ֻӿһ㱡Цѡ
ǣŹֵһȴõĴʿ˲Ȼ
Ŀ֮£û뿪ָ̣֣롣
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ȥ֪ղѾʧˣڣѾûлٲˣ
Ź֣Ȼǵһģɹǰ϶û߹ô

ȻУһƬ΢ɻͺЦȴ͵ľʿȺڷ
ЩûʼҲеʿ˲סˣֻΪ˵Ĺע£̵ָֻ֣Ϻָ뾹Ȼһοٷ
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ԭһӵָǰָȫ˶ɽϣ
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һƬУŻĿ˹Ļҵˣи͵һ˿ȻֲãֲǰĻҵȣŹ֣ԳڴĿ⣬ԭһﾹһֻ̬ȴٴЦˣǸŹ֣Ǹ̬Ǳ̬ôˣҲֻͨʿһλѡ
ǵ͵Ŀĸʶԣʲôã
ЦУȴͻȻ֣ĻҲ͵˳Ŀ⣬˹ԷУ̺һ˿ŹֵЦ⣿
⵹һǱЦݣԷ˵ͷƿĿ⣬ٴοŹ֣̬ʧܡ
ò˵ĻҸղĺ塣
ΪĻڸղţ˵ۺ¼ַ죬ǰ˼Ҷųϲչʾָı֮Ǿ˵̬ˣ
ſϷɣŹֵı̬ԶԶûô򵥣
ֹǹĻңʱˣҲһƬŹ֣Ǹϣӿһ˿Ժ죬ĿҡҰڵģʼ׼׽ʿǱģ

·ʿ˿ûӰվǰĶŹֻ֣Ǿվƽĵȴ
Ҳȷڵ֪ԼӵжٴλᣬÿζһĳɹʺҲʲôǿҵˡ
ȵڶβĽٴγʱһƽĶŹ֣΢΢Ƶü
ʧˣ
ڵȷôȻʧΣ

ʧˣ
Ǳ̬ΣҪԹ
ٺ٣ʵսҵĳϣͨʿǿܶ࣬ϱ̬ˣǰʵûõġ
Ȼϡ

Ҳŵڶʧܵĳ֣·ʿַһ˿΢Ĳ͵һβͬͨʿʧܣ̫ˣû˻⣬Ǽһ
˶һλᣬȴλᣬֻһ㣬˼ˣԼʧʱȻǸ
ȫһԵǸ̬뿪
Щʿİ֣ûг𣬶ŹֵĶȴȫһַ׷׾㵲ѵĴ
ΪŹֵָֿٰ֣룬Ķָ룬Ȼֿʼת
ʲôЦ
Ȼӵָı֮Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һˣӵλ᣿̫ˣ

һƬУӣֱӾһҲƿڴֲãֲùĻ˸ղŵô֣ԭŹ̬л᣿
⻹˱ˣ˰˶ǰڲֻһλᣬǼһﾹȻΣƿڴУҲɻˣô׵ı̬ʿ


357 ΢ȣֵڴ

˵ۣŹȴɵĿǰֻ̣һֹͣʱû˿̣ɲԼչȥɻ̲סһù
ȷùġ
ÿһĳɹʣȻʧΣ
⻹ͷơ
Ҳһʧܣ·ʿȫһȻʧ˰̬ۺļһȻô
һŴϢһ룬ųϵʿȴһ˵գ˳鴤ĸо
һˣһ鶯յ龰Ҳʵ̫׳ˣ
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Ȼеָı֮ǻƣ
ϱ̬Ҳ̫˰ɣ

һƬĿ֮࣬ʿҲֻŶŹ֣һ̡֣
ڹע֮£һΣԷٴʧܣʿȴȫûֻŶŹ֡
ϱ̬ɣĴˣ
ֶɽڵĸı֮ʵ㣬һսʵη尡
ɣҪǻеָıǻЩʿôۡ
ȻУ
֣ǵ֣

ҲʿȫŶŹ֣סתͷ֮ʣֲ̣˶ɫһ̣вˣʵĳ嶯
찡ǿָı֮ضɽڵݣ
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䣬ֹɫˣ۾ЩƣֻŶŹ֣찡½ĶųϣȻ̬˹
ֲãֲǰһ֮ܰ˸ʥǿߣһ˾ӵָıǻһ𣬿ɲһһһô򵥵ģ
ڣѾʼ˼ԷǶɽڣǴˣǰӦԷΪֻΪ̫ʵ̽飬϶ˣֻǳڲãԶԷܼԸҲͲֵ̫ˡ
ڣŷԼˣ
Էǲܼӵбȳ˴̫ĻᰡټʱԵı̬ʵʿǴڣһܶü
һĹϣȻͻȻӵһǿʿǳëˣĻǶʼɣۺ졣
Ҳɫ䶯ԶһԵĹĻңȴˬĲ㷭죬϶ͷڵɫǰһֺģҲʵ̫ˣ
ڣŹλɹǵʩչĸı֮ʱĻҶЩ󣬵һ£᲻ᱻֱΡ
Ҳ£ǰŹֵĵתҲ৵һ̱ͣ棬ؾͱһӯӯĹ
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ֻΪЩʿǺ͹ĻҵһΪӵжָʿǰҲֻÿİٷ֮һĳɹʡ
ǶԷֻǲΣײᣬҲ̫ˣ
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һȣҲδ̫˰ɣֹʵûñȣҲõ˶ʼɣ

һƬεΪ׳۵ղУвʿǰڣؿڷƣʵĳ嶯
ǰĶŹ֣ȴڰпԼʵйùģÿһĳɹʣȻʧĴκ󣬲ųɹһΣҲʵ̫ˡ
˼·ʿ֪治֪᲻һƬ
ϲųϣϲųϣܳɹý΢ȵʸ񣡣ҲʱһϲҲֱֱӹĻҿз
ŹĳɹĻҲʵϲ죬Ź֣Ȼĳɹ˰
Ҳֵ̫˷ˡ
ϲ֮УĻҲûźŹתٰʮκɹĳ棬һ׳ֵۣڴ
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ǻǣźмҡֱ鼯һϣҲ˲Ŀ
ĻҶˣʿͲˣҲȫһ΢΢ЩСƵĿŹ֡
ǰղڼ֤ʿʧ̬ʱµˬУԽԽأͻȻһôɲʵڲ
ҲŹĻҵĺϲŹ¶һ˿Ц̤·ֻҲ̶˲䣬ȴͻȻоΧķ͵ľͱһ֮Թ֮
ʿѸĽʼɡ𾪵ȵɫһγɵĳ찧Թ
⣬Ҳɫһ䣬žεĿЦ
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ܱ߿ǿԹɫŽɢֻΪһʿֱӾ̡
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Ҳʱ䣬̳ɹĸʸߣ˵ܺá
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ʧܣȴ˿ûֹʿ飬ܿʿȥ

Ҳǿʿһһǰŷǿѹµĸɨ˶Źһۣžתͷ
Ź֣ϱ̬ȵ˶㣬Ҫϸоһʵˡߣӵָı֮ԶͨɽʿǿĶ࣬ǴڣҵʵȴҲ˿лᡭ١
һ˿׹⣬´ָһΣΪİգ㣬ֹԼƷһ˺ƷҲ˹
ԭƷ˺ڵʵǻоųɵİգԳ֪ԨڣͻȻֹȵĶŹ֣Ȼ˱̬ڶҵĵطĲ⣬Ѱһᣬǰ
ȷԷǱ̬ǴʿǾǴǰڣָıͿܲѷɫڡڣƷҲаգѹƶԷ
ǴڣֻǶɽڣҪģͲֹѹˣ
һЩ£ͶԶ΢ȣǿҵڴС
ȴ֪Źָܽʿǣ׼˶ô޴ľϲ


358 ٳ֣
㲻֪Ź׼ʲôϲȴҲûȫŵ˼
ϾҪ̸һУΪʱ硣
ĳЩˮʯǰ뷨ǲȷġ
ڻûв̵ĹĻҡλʿǷ󣬱̭
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ȥ˵ʵԶϲҷȥӣղģֶһգǴλᣬԺҪٶԸ̬ѵöˣټɳֻԽԽѣǶŵвҲԽԽ
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ǺǣֻʣˣĻ֣ɡʱڸղһֱĬ䣬һתŹĻҵ
ҲĻĴʿҲȫ˹ĻңһЦ⣬ȹĻҳ֣ǣҲǲϺ֮ĵҩζﻹҪ£ͬΪǼÿŶб˴Ե
ȴǹϳһ̬ļһţ˼ģҲ϶ˣ˰ں˿Ϸ˼
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ĻʧܣǸŹ֣Ҫ΢ȣһΣкϷˣϽȥ϶̣ҲǺöԸģһ϶⡣

ҲһʿȫǳĬȴʱĻڹһЦĻҾ׳ˡ
Цӣִǰ

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ָֹͣתʱһ̣ģΪ֮һ˵ĺͱó죬
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ǺǣĻΣʵǲôҪԵˡ³иһЦĵ
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ˣȻûײ޵еȫʧˣأǸ̬Ƿ񻹸ҽ㣿
ֹ䣬ĴʿЩֱ̤ʿҲ޼䣬Ҿۼء
ι۲죬Źֵˣȴƽ⵹Ϊ졣
ڲʣһʮɽʿҲʼһһǰȥ̣һһʧܽĳֵ֣ʱ˶ԹҵĹעŽЩϾѾ˾ǳɰܵʱ̣ǶĹעȻˡ
ҲʱϾۼء
ĻҲ΢΢תͷŶŹֵǺǣ֣Ļһʧˣ㵽˶㣬һҪС䣬ųɻû̽ʵ
룬Ϊ϶֣ĻҶ˼νһҳôһ̬׵ʿΪҵĽڣŵģɻţԶҵĴȻҲʼɣԹʲôģЩȴԲͬΪǱ˴̫ԶʵͻҲʱвԷ
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ִֵɽٺڵĸı֮ǻЩѷɫ֮ˣᣬŹˣħ
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ħݣױ©ܽʿ಻ʮŹֱ©ݣһԿЩɽȺ׷
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ҲŹĻҵĴŹֵ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
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ĻҵĻöŹ΢΢һ㶣ЩȻĿĻеĴָƷǰڵķ
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ϣĻҵȣԼʿȫһ˿ʧ䣬Ժ꣬޷ٿˡ
Ҳֻ˲֮ʿУȴһ˿ЩĿ⣬ȴΧڹҺϡ
̣ʧˣ΢ڣǳ۷ʿ֮Ҳչ˰ɣ


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һ֮ʿಿʼķݣȴûǰȥݵĹУĹҲڷ
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䣬ֱŴ˺ڵΪƷȶԶɽʿ֣ǿ϶ûֵܵùһغϣ㼸£ͱ¾˴ʿ϶ˡ
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˲Ϣ֮ʮʿȫɢʮ﷽Բڡ
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ˣǶŹ֡
ʱĶŹ֣Ҳų˶ɽʿŶ֮⣬Ϊ˭֪˵ı̬ѹ£ҽ΢ȣֻ˵вͨ˺ڵΪȻҲܽ䱸Ķ
ڵƣ˭ҲóȻֱֻ֣ӶŹֳ֣ʿӦò̫䱸ءϾǸԵǿߣߡŶŹ֣ǰǱ˸ķɽҲ̧ͷơ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬৵ģʿ͵˳ʮﷶΧ
һĻֱӿٴһϲȻ˰Ƕ֣߳϶ἤ˵ķǶͬεǿ֣߳ˣֵֻĿϷ
ҲͬʱԶĶŹ֣£ֱӾһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
ҪˣЦ֮󣬶Źֶǰľ׳ڣŵ٣ֱӾںϳһ٣ʼ׳صơ
ʮˣֻҪһһ֣˭ֻ֪˭ģʱֻΪ˭׽٣ʮ˵׽٣·Ҳŵƨ
аĵЦһ٣Ҳ৵һ˾׳أžû˶Źֵڡ
ͬһʱ䣬΢ڴԭޱȵգ৵һӿֳһ˿˿Ũܶѹޱȵĺơ
ٳ֣
ǲƵĶɣŹֵ٣Ҳʵޱȣɴǧ٣ֻǱ˶ѣȻףܶʱٵãԶʵҪöࡣ
ʵҲȻûгԤϣֻɲǼ䣬ǰǽޱȵĽ䱸һеʿϿսͻȻֵһ̡
ؾȫɵˡ
Ѿ׼䣬Ҳˡ
ƣ
ôֽƣҪɽ٣
һЩʮʿ׾ʲôЦʮʿһ˶ɽ٣ôپͻ˶ȥһξͻʮ׽٣ʿڣΪǿӦóֵ׽ټ㡣
ǿģ䣬ô˺ڣ׽ٵҲԴڵĵ٣
찡һγʮ٣
Ժ͵һͷʿױˡ
ģ˭ɽ٣̫û˰ɣ
˭ô
ֱĳ裡̫ˣ

һƬľŭʿȫڵһʱ䣬ŵƨǰȥ
һ̣ȴ˭Ҳһһˡ
ֻΪǱˡ


359 ٣һ·
ҲʿľŭУŹȴһʧԭأ´γʱѾԶԶ˦˴󲿷ʿֻɱĴʿɽٺڵǿߣңң
Ͼ˲ƶȻٶϼռƣǴڵĶ٣Ͳ̫࣬ܽģͨǧټƵģѰһЩط߶ٶаķġ
ңǶɽڣҲδûмΪóٶȵġ
ৣৣৣ
һ֣Źû˿ͣٴοǰȥ
󷽣һʮĶҲǺԥֱ׷⼸Ƭ̣Ͱ󲿷ʿȫˤ
ҲʱղŲͱŵûɢȣȴͻȻ֣ԭ˵ĽƣѾɢ
⵹ͷ͵һɣǽٺһ㣬ֱֱڴϢ
Ҳֻ˲䣬ǰ⣬ǵӰٴһһ֮һھҴϢĴʿȴǾһãһʵķһͳǰȥ
ⷨĳǰǧ֮ڵգͻȻһԭɾʵĿռ䣬Ҳ̱ճ
ۡ
ǧ֮⣬һӰҲ͵ص
˵ٶȣǿţȻѾܵǧ֮⣿
ȻѾӳ˽Ƶǧˣ


ҲӰĵˣط׷ɫ䣬һƿڴ䣬һ۾ͿӰǸ̬ĶŹ֣һĻɲǰơ
ǼһٶȾȻҲô̬
һʱ䣬ʮʿȫǼķǰûĻȥ

ۡ

ʮʮĹֱֱ֮󣬰ǰǧ֮أ͵ıһƬŢޱȵһ㣬ؾĹŹַܼкƺκڣᱻЩ
ЩʿУٶȵķиһƷ룬ǻǣֻҪһʩչ·ҲñţС
ҲͲ֣ղŵĶŹôѹĵ˲ˡ
ڶŹֵٶȱʱˣȴ˳ԼķΧǰۡ
ٶݣôף
ûǸϱ̬Ȼó֮
ٺ٣°ɣ

ǰ۹Уʿɫһ䣬ֱӻǰǼɽХžһѤ⣬ͳŶŹֺݺѹ¡ĹʿҲȫӲֹɱΧƶŹǰңֱƶ¡
ǰֻһɱŹ֣ڣΪ뿿ٶȣȽȥ㣬Ѿ˵ĹС
Ҳǿ׼㣬һ̣ϲĻŭţ̫ˣֱ̫ˣ
Ǹҵı̬ѾʿĹУһ֮£ĨɱˣҲ޷ֲشʱǿƻɱǺ⡣
һ뵽Ҫĺ
Ҳͬʱǰѹ˲ƹ̵ĶŹ֣ǰڵĸʽȴҲɫһ䣬һʧԭء
´γʱѾִʮ֮⡣
ƬճޱȵĿռ£Ȼ˲Ƶٶȣǰһ˲ƹֻƶʮһԿ˲ƣǿĨЩ
ٴγֺ󣬶ŹһƷ;ʹڼûһʮ׳ľ޴ֻ߲һһͳһʮ׷ΧԲηռ䡣
ҪΧɱңôף
ٴһ˿Ц˵ķԭѾջؾ׳صǵ٣ҲٴγڣֱӾʹһ˾ŵа˵ǵ٣
Ҳһ˲䣬ܣԭٶȵķѹƵĿռ䣬ͻȻðһ㣬һƣŨֿŵĴɫƲ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬һʷǰӴѹҲֱֱϣƿն£ɲǼѹʿȫһĵҲ͵ǿҵΣ
٣
٣
ŵĵٵںѹǿֲ˼㣬ֻһ˲䣬߿֮ϣŨޱȵƲ㣬৵һǧ﷽Բɢ
žž
ڿֱֲӾͰɶճĵ磬Ҳ˺
ۡ
˾ڵѹɲ֮䣬ѹ伸Уɽٺڵʿǰһڣ۵һ³һѪҲ˲Ϣήȥ
ˣҲ׵ëˣ˼ٿطŹ֣ģһͻȻֵĽƣôȸղǴΣǿôࣿ
⵽ô£
ӣ

˵ʿ৾ǰȥ
ҲǼһĻŹеĺ⣬һţǲֱٺɱղǼˣֻǲܶѡ
Ϊڵ٣ֻһ߱ţ˵ɣʣµЩȫںϳ٣һȥֿԾɱɵ٣ӦܺʵɱʿǣЩ
δسŲȥƴŰеٶһգȻɱˣңΪʱӭԼ١
ǱһεĵһŹҲٵѹһǰ˲ơ

ʮ
ӵˣٴηЩѾӰʱһ˲ָǰƿڴǸ̬ôܳôԶ
һ仰ˣٴɫ䣬ۿżѾɶķ֮һ·̣Ǹӵָıı̬Ȼңңǰ
ǵģڵȺֻʣʿˣ֮ǰǼΪóٶȵĶɽʿȴһνƵĿֲѹ£ֱ˲СĴˣʮͱԶԶ˦˺󷽡
УҪ
һÿζǺһӵģȴǰ棬ٶҲ̫ˣ


Ҳ˷׷ŭӲѣ׼ٴμĸʽʱ
ԭʵգͻȻֱһŨֲֿĽơ
һǺѹµӴѹʿٴαˣǲŸմһΪѾƣôֳˣ
ûʲô˵ģҲ˲ŹˣֻһԾٴƨǰȥ

ʮ
Ÿոӹǿɲƣһˣؾͷ֣߿֮ϣٴγһһֲĽơ
⣬ȫˣᡣ
ʱΧңʣµģֻʿǰҲֻжŹһôƣֱ׷£
Ҳ٣ȫǴڣô٣
ǻƣƾƵأȫǴڰ
Ӱɡ

ʿȫһ̣̼棬ɻǲòƴԼס٣ô٣ǳǼجһһֱҧż˲ˣ
һЩǿ䣬Ʒ֧ţҲ˫ֱðᡣ
⣬Ҳ̫豯ˣ˭ϲãôᱻٿϣ
ʿɻҭҲĵϣܲٿ١ֻŽƵһδγ֣ûıӡ


360 ȥˣҲ̫ˣ
ٸʱ
ˣһѽƵĿֲӰʱǰ֪ͨԨĳڣѾֳ˶ߡ
üڻֲֳ֮̿࣬׼
㰡ǿ㣡
ھֻˣŶˣӦǰǧ֮⣬ǵӰ˲ǺۣǸϱ̬ôһֱңңǰھ֪ͨԨĳڣҲʵڽ˷ָˣһң̤ˡ
˲ŭ
ɲΣһΣȴʱûгֵ˼ֻǰڣҲɹĿϿա
Ͼһ·ӰεĽƣʵ̫ˣҲòɣڳ֣ѶŹǽǷ񻹻֣ٳ֣ǵأҲû˿ˡ
Ҳڼ˾ɲ֮ʣʵȻҲûг˵ԤϣƬǰű˦ѵĽƣٴͻȻӿ֡
ڣһεĽƣΧʷǰӴֱӾ˴˴Լǰ֪ͨԨ֮еش
ŽƲڣԽԽֲѹڣ˶Ѿ˱ңңƣ伸һα̼ıǺѡ
찡ۿֻҪһǱˣڣƴ˵ѹȴһֱǾҪƲ޾٣ͻ᳹ǡ
һƳǺͻǲӵһҪе٣ƽ¡
ʱ򣬾㣬Ҳһֲ١
⡭ֱҪ̫˱ˣ
һѣ֮ʱ䣬̵ĸ΢ڴʱȴֻӵĺ蹵ǵ
ৣৣৣ
ʲôҲ˵ˣȫڲһʱڣȻת뷢ǿĶҲǷ˶ܵˣݡ
찡Ҳ̫ˡ
ۿϾҪ̤ˣȴֱǽƸƵ˻ȥ
Ҳֱӳ˼ԶԶ˽Ʋ㣬ȼ˸оǰϢȻʧʱ͵һ׷ԼҲ
̫ˣû
ҲȴͻȻɲķһףףǸ̬أ
ĻҲһȿǰԻ¶ŶߵĽʱؼ֮ǰһŹֵġʱĶŹ֣ڲʿʱתҲӦ˰ɣ
ǣǼһҲǾͨʿתˣץһ˲Ļᣬֱӽأ
ӵĻԷδزܰѽˡ
һЩʿڣѣĳ嶯
ֻΪҲʵڲ֪Ź־ûмʱӳٵƲãûн㡣
ûСȻǻҲѣǧһ֮ʣӳٵ㣬ǲ˱ġ
ڣüǣֱڣǻһ㶼벻ͨһεĲ΢֮ڣΪʲôôĳӰεĽƣ
ȻҲûٿܾǼ֮һģЩͷҲֻһţܿͱǵǳųˡ
ϾȫǴʿֻҪ͸ٴˣԲô룬޷ͨ
ȻǼ֮⣬ǰ滹һŹ֣Ҳû˻ΪǶŹġ
ȣŹּȻڴʱֻ̤΢ȣ˵ô´˺ڵ䣬ţԷʵֻǶɽڣ
ӵָıֻǶɽΪҲܲ´˺ڣֳ䣡ʵϣȷûΪڣΪǶɽڣ٣ҲͲˡ
һ㣬ҲҪǾƣǺֺɢŹǶɽڣĳʱٺҲǿѹƵסΪýɢֻܾѰҵطɽ١
һĳʶ
ɽʿδǰǻƴѹΪٽ٣һ˽ƣǾǲѹΪýɢˣΨһĳ·׼ӭ١
һΣһ·֮ϣǽƼǷɵģĳ֣ҲƺΪġ
ģ⵽ô£Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǰô룬벻ͨҲͲˣֱǻ

ֱ󣬵ʿǰĽƣֽɢʱһƿڴҲֻ˲֮˼գͻȻýŶֹ
ɢˣ֪ͨԨĳڣ˭лõȻһ̻ͬʿֱû
ò˵ڶУʿ£ǲǿҵɻǾǶŹֵȥǸ̬ǲѾˣ
ǽôʱʧˣֻ˵û٣ȻٻҪһʱŻʧ
˵ŹѾˣûڸֻ˵ԷѾˣ
һ⣬ֳױˡ
ȻĽ㣿ͨ˲΢ȣ
ǲڽȥ֮ûб΢ȵѾȷģԷһ
ʣµҲֻʣˡ
ٴһƬҭ
ǲ֪ô˵Ǹ̬
ڱǰ֪ԨҲ̫ۺ˰ɣǻƣٵôģ
ģǸһҲ̫˶ʼˣΪƣȻɹȥˣ
ĽŽУԺҲһðͷЩͷȴԽԽƣԽԽ
УģĪˣԭڶ㣬̽һ¶ԷʵȻпܵĻֱĨɱҵı̬ȴû뵽ΪĽƣöԷɽ֪Ԩ
ԼҲòҼʿвûȥȡᣬһԱһ£Ҳδ̫ˡ
ԽԽƣԽԽ㱼䣬ֻǰһϴƻ𣬲סʼڣֱֱͲ
ڼ˵ĽУ󷽣ҲֶһʿӰ֮ǰһ˦Ķɽʿ
ɽʿֺ󣬷ִ˴ĽŷΧҲȫ֮ǰһټͻȻ֣˴ĴǿߣȻһʱֽ
أ
Ǹ˵棬ʩչָı֮ĶŹأôˣ
ѵѾ֪ԨˣɲӦðԣ΢֮ڣһβҪһҵɱֳܷʤһΣŶṦ򣿾һˣ̤㣿
ȻЩʿҲǿҵɻãһ·Ľƣô£⣬ɲĳֻεķƶѡ
ЩˣҲûΪʧĶŹΪûʱѽƵĨɱˣֻΪǲ񰡡
ֻҪһ˵ı飬ȫǱƵ˼㣬˵ԷǱĨɱˣȻӦһǿвŶԣ
ۡҲ̫ûˣǸ̬һ
ȥҲ̫˰ɣ

һƬУڶɽʿҲˣȫѣĳ嶯ҲòԴĽ䱸ǰڣֻʣ˰ֻԽԽҡ


361 ֪ԨʵͬҪ
˭֪ʣµֻԽԽңƯȺΧ䣬»ǽ
ֻΪǸ̬Ź֣Ѿ֪Ԩ
Է׵Ľ֪ԨƲ֮⣬Ҳ˲Сĵġ
Ϊ֮󣬾һˡ
˵ʿǰĿģɶΪĲ
ͨʿǰ֪Ԩ̫ǣΪһġ΢ȣ˵Ѿܱ̬ˣʵϣЩ̶ȣ֪Ԩ
˵ʲôҪ
ڲ΢˵Ҫģʵ
֪ԨֹҪʿʿʵ
Ϊžͷ֮һû֮ǰҲ֪ĵϸ˵ʮǰҲѾ˼֪ԨһΡ
ڼ֪ԨİٵţȴֻһͨĲͨ
ƣҲǺһĲ࣬ÿʿִֻɽڵĸı֮ҵӦţȻı
ǵţͨžͻᱻƿǣĸıٶ࣬Ҳһ˿һ
ȥƳЩıĴţҲЩ룬ԴУһ˺ʿֳһƷŲţը֮ãû˿á
˵ʿÿҲֻ̽һţǵǷΨһĳ·İٷ֮һĸʣҲʵ˱
ڣΨһͨλãҲƺһֱڲͣתơ
ǰڽҴ򿪹һκ󣬵һʮ޽ʱ˳ǰȥһεţõĽȴǼš
ҲΪʲôÿʮ꣬ʿ̤֪Ԩģһǧ궼δسһˡ
֪ԨĸƵĵطǣʿײ˴ˣԼĸıȷţɲʾܽĲģһ
ΪΨһͨ򿪺󣬲̾ͿڣҪһĻڡ
ɱǣֻͨд򿪵ʿڣһ򿪣ʿҲʱͨǣţκһʿͨ󣬾ͻֱʧ
һʱ䣬˵Ҳ㹻ýʿȫۼǰˡ
֪Ԩ֮
˵Ҳǽʿ
ײ˴ˣҵͨһ컺ڣԼҲҪһ
Ͼֻһ˿Խ²ƣʵ̫ˡ
ǻ˭ʵ˭̤㣬ǻԵ
͵һ̣Ͷ΢ȵۺ塣
ȱƴٱƴʵ
ͨʿ̤㣬ȻҲЩȴ⽹ȴ̫󣬱Ͼİٷ֮һĲôġ
ǣȥģǶŹǸ̬˶ֻܴһţİٷ֮һĸʣȴܴӵĻᣬʵ̫ˡ
ǣһĵԷָֻı˴ˣֻ˵Ǹ̬ʱõס
΢ȵ£붼벻鶼ˣһ·УӲǱƵʿ޷Ǹ̬˿ƣûκ谭Ľ㣬ֻ˵ֹǺõףǺõ˻Ƶĵز
˱ӵԶ˵ˣټһʱڣǺ˵ͷ仹ˣ¶ԷҵͨȻ󡭡
Ȼһ֮ڣָϲ֪ԨǶԷͿû˿谭Ľˣ
ȷ˭ͨ΢ʱĶԳֺҲеĲˣѵβǵڶҲҪ죬β׷롣
ڿɺã΢ȵûʼΪǹ٣öŹǱ಼̬ӣܽ˼֪ԨڼĲ࣬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳûһգһ֮ڣ㰡
һЩĽ֮ȴҲյԽŨˡ
У
ĲţǼһһ˶Լ֪Ԩ汻̤Ĳ㣬Ѱκһ챦²ǶѪġ
ΣǸ̬̤Ĳ㣬ƴЩƣҲҪ֪Ԩ֮ĹһţҲʼ˼һֶŵľ档
ֹ䣬ʿڽ˶Źһ̤֪ԨʵҲ𽥵˶Է⡣
һĳ״̬Ҫ汻ҵȷţǻɺģ֮
ƺԽԽˡ
ģʿ˴˶һۣв׽˼˿⣡


Ҳڲ΢ڣʿΪŹֵĶǰУеֱʱ
֪Ԩ
һ΢Ŀռ䲨һӰֱӾ̤˼Ӳʯϡ
Ǽ֪Ԩ
̤ʯغ󣬶Ź̾ͿʼǰĵشĿɼһڵţҲ̳۵ס
ȷܹ졣
ټһİɫԨңһƬɪʯڣֱƶˣ壬Ԩµƽʯ·ϣÿʮףһһϣƵš
ЩţȫǺĻһ㣬ͨڣֻλãһСԲ̡
һΣϵԲֻ̣̣һɢŵϢԲ̡
ʿ̽ǷȷֻͨҪڶӦԲϣԼĸıɡ
ǰĶŹ֣˿УȻû֪ԨĵϸǰһʱڣȴҲѴӹĻҵ˿У֪һС
ò˵ʿУطһ̴𲢲󣬶İٷ֮һҵĸʣԣʵڴˡ
ΪһŶָжٴλᣬÿζǶ֮һĸʣ϶ɹȴİٵţֻܿٵǲֻһļʡ
ʵ棬Źֵ˿ˡ
һ£ڱҵͨ󣬱Ҫһʱ䣬ڼ䣬Ҳ̤㣬ǣˣ¶ԷǴڣҲֳҲ˿塣
ֻΪˣԿĨɱ
ɽ١ʥڵΪ˫ƷԪ磬ɽȺƷпʱʹõ٣һУĨɱκʿˣ
ǵģ˶ѣﻹҪй¶ħݣ
ٵţҲ֪ܲĽ֮ǰǰǺܲˣϣһΣܺһЩֻҪҵͨĲ㣬;׾٣ҲҲֻܵʮˣ򣬻ǲ֮ʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ЦŵһŹֱһͳһǰ̽־ԲڣԼĸı
ҲŸı룬ţһκ󣬲ܶŹγû˿仯һ̾תִһǰ
ɹǸղžͻֱţֳͨȻûб仯ʧˣ
ˣһΣ֮һĸʣʧĴΣϣΣֱӳɹɣţŹһ֣Լĸı֮


362 ԰ָֻıô
ڶŵĽûгԤϣϾİٵֻһͨһξѡȷҲʵе㲻ʵ
֮󣬾޶ţŹȴֻһЦͳһȥ
ĵ
ʮڶʮʮʮ
ʱʧӵеĶָѾӽ̽һʱûб̽ͨŹϣŽԳһ˿ơ
Ȼ֪ԼкܶᣬɿѾƽ֮һţ˿û춯ҲʵЩ

Ҳڼ֪ԨŹֵƽ⣬ȶչ֮ʱ΢ȡ
һ޴ĺƺȵ׶УһӰವһǱѵĴӾҵе
Ӱ䣬뿪źڸֱӱһŻĲʹ⣬ͷ·һ˺ҹյǣವһͳͨڷȥ
ۡ
ɶݵĹУ͵һѪɫףţΪ仯ʱֱ̤ڡ
ˣȻһΣ˲ٵֻҪܾ㣬һоͶ㹻ˣ̤һ̣кɫһţģο
ڸղţ΢֮սƵĲҳ̶ȣ޷
ң
龰ֻҪһҲֻһݡ
ΪŹֵǰ̤㣬дʿ׼ˣ˻ƴ˼ȥȡһᣬһʱ䣬Ҳû˸춯ڳĬƬ̺ˣͬʱ֡
˳ֵĶȴǸͬ
ʮɽʿҲȫһ˲䣬ӷԵ鱦Ϊ߹¼롣
֮ʮı֮Ӵķ綥鱦ɽ˵Ĺɱֶͬǻҵ˼㡣
ò˵棬һ빥ǶģȻӵƷȴһѹ͵ķɽһٶȵ޿֡
ڳ˴Ĺ֮ȻҲ˲Ϣ֮ڣǷɽشһʿҲΪ˴Ĺ˲СĴˡ
Ҳҿ˶׼ȥսȻһֱܲңʿЯҩҲ٣ʿûв֭ҺɵĵҩҲƵ鵤
ҲǿЩˡԼֲĵȵȵҩ޿ѹʿٶȣԼɱ
ڶ̶һСʱĲ֮
ΣһУȥˣֻҪȥֻҪ̤㣬ǾͶˡ
֪ԨֻҪܽȥǸŹ֡ϴΣܿǹĽѣһΣҿӣ
΢΢ҰȴһƬϲ˳ͨĿռ䲨ʧ˲΢ȡ
ǰǸŹ֣Ȼ̬ȻҲովһҵļսһУ⡣
Ϊﵽ˺ڣǷ۷壬ֳƷʲôɫЩףƣҲѿŵҩָ˹
ԷٶȣڶУѾ֤ʵҪһ㣬е޿֣ɲǰ裬ڶʱÿ޿ַԷٶȣͻᱻƵһĵزǵʱ̫ãǹĳĽƣôӵõ
ԣһ̣ǳ˿ϲ
ɲϲãſռ䲨֪Ԩ仹ǵһʱȫ䱸ңǰȥ
ͿһǰͻȻתĶŹ֡
ǵţҲһ̣Ź⻪
ףʱѾôãûָıꣿӦðֱֱ˶Źһۣӿһ˿ɻ
£һţֻҪıʮѣȻŷӦȫҲһӡ
ⲻôŹָҲӦ֮ǰȫ˲Ŷԡ
ԭΪֻҪ̤㣬ܿǼһȴͨǰءڵǼôһжλᣬϣҵͨġ
ΪЩô˼͵ƴܴҲҪ̤㣿
ǰ龰ȴ˽֮ûмţȻͨûг֣ԭĨɱŹֵģҲͽֱѹȥ
̬ãҲ࣬Ҳֻлҵͨҵֻ֮ͨ֡ǰҶɱӦöӦ˳᲻ڶ֣Ķ֣ǲܼߵ϶̣ҵʵܸܰҲҪСĴۣҲˣǣͨûҵ
ҲͷתʱԶŹڼɫָ׺˼ɫ΢΢һ˿
һðӣӦ˲СĴˣô֪Ԩġ
ԷôŸӦǺԼƿͨĲɡߣԷ£ʱܶ㣬ںʱɱԼ
ȷŹҲɵӣԷ֮ǰζ¶ɱôܸо
ڣֻˣұ©ʵĨɱҲû֪ħòöأϢУŹҲһ˿⡣
գû̳֣תһȥ
Ͼڼ֪Ԩĳɹʣֻһ룬ڻɱ䣬ĳɹҲ޲һȵƽʱȫʧܵĻ䣬Ҳĸѡһء
ŶŹֵתǰУǰ¶Źֻڴʱֵ䣬ؾһɣžĵһ˿Ц֣ҲӦΪûҵͨԼʩչǴλ˵
٣Ҳãһо͵ȫƽ˵
ЦУֻעŶŹ֣һʩչı̽һš
ʧܡ
ԴˣȻüͷ壬ȴû̫Եı仯
ֻǼעӶŹƽһš
ȽʧܣŹĵʱ΢΢һ˿Ź֡
֣֮ǰҸսʱǵѾָı֮ˣǰǶʱ䣬ѵʲôûУ˵ͷôѾƽΡ
ҲڶݵɻУŹȴƽ˵ţʧܵĽֱֱš
ҲԽ֤ʵµĲ룬һǰЩʱ䣬ʲôûˡ
ͬʱҲ𽥽ϾѾǱ̬һλˣǻɹ˵̬Ҳ޷Ҷͨ
һΣܽĲļãˡԼɱҲδЩź
ҲһƬУȵչֳʧܵĽʱɫһ䣬ǲƿڴʧˣǸ̬ʧΣǲ˵Ҳûˣ
ǼҲ̫ˣ̬ôֲ˳̶ȣλᣬûҵףԡô˵ţ԰ָıô
ҲƿڴʱȴͻȻһֱֱ˶Źֻ֣ΪԷڵʧԺֱһš
ǡǣָֻıô
ǰѾȫʧˣôȥ飿⵽ԼۻˣǶԷɵˣ


363 ־ɱˣ
޴ɻУôճյĿŶŹţţðһ⡣
һĻٴ䳹ɵˣȻĿԼ̽
ţı̼ķ⣿˵ӵеָı
һˣ䲻ֹɵۣЩˣ찡һ治ϱ̬
ǡ
ҲǿѣУŹʱеĵţٴʾ˽ʧܣ
ʧܣǸϱ̬Ȼԥľ˵ߵţ
ɣУһӵжָı֮ŶԷĶͻȻ;ЩϢ
ڣҲһƬϢУ͵һ⡣
ǣǰǸϱֹ̬ӵָıѾ֤ʵˣٻɣǣǰƲ⣬Է֮ǰһСʱڣ˿ûжĽۣȴǽָֻı£ٽսʱʵóġ
ȻָֻıôôǰһСʱǷҲû˿ûţ
ôʱŹʧʱƽ֮ı֣䶼ǰһСʱһֱϢһֱմʱƵʣڲͣ̽Ѱҡ
ҲֻоεʧԺǰǼһŻѴʱߴεʧܣƽɣ
ǣ֮ǰһСʱڣڲͣ̽Щŵ٣˵Ѿ̽ʮţ
ǰһһСʱңʮټ֮󣬻ŶԷƽ߸
ʮָıһڼ˻
һƶϳۣΪ˺ʿҲǰһڣֱӾһˤ˵ϣڣʱܱһ˿ѣûʣֻΪ֪ιȥͿɥ
粻ȻĻᱻ̼ĳġ
찡ܹİٸҲֻİٵţһˡһ˾̽ʮߵһڼ
´ʱɻûлԣҲǱ̼ɫףͷԷΡЩʧ
̬̬Ѿȫݴˡ˵׳̶ȣѾԽķˣ
ھ޴Ĵ̼У£Ҳؾһ˿֣̿ǰһֱΪԼ˺ڵʵƷڵϣвκ˵ʵ
ҲΪˣžÿȳԶŹ֡
ֻЩΪԷָֻı²ųģһƶϳӵеĲ֣ǲֹʮֵĽۣ벻·ëѰԷǴڣӵôָı֮ǿ¾ֻǴǰڣҲҪͨĴ˺ʿǿ
ֲãֲùĻȺ˵ʱ۹⿴ֲ˿ҵвԭһ˾ӵôıң״ڳһı
ſ־еĲӿ֣˳˵صĳ嶯
ͷŷ𣬾ֱĨɱˣǲߣ߲ˡ
Ĳ㡣
һ㣬ûκƣڶ㣬ٶ˵ȥЩˣֻе̤΢ȵʿ˽һ㣬ڶʿŻᱻԶ˦Ȼ͸ǰȥ
֪ԨһˣҪôڵˣȫ̽꣬ҲͨͻᱻԶ˦Ҫôֻ֮̽ͨͨʣˣŻᱻ˦
Ҳ˵ߣҲˣ
ô죿ǲˣǵĹϵƺҲû˻͵أ֪ԨֻʣҪɱڣҲ֪ҡԽԽֻһ˲䣬Ѹ˥ʮһ϶һơ
ò˵Ҳʱֺ۾ȴһһ˿⣬ͱ÷ǿ
ǴڣǶɽڣǹĽƣ׽٣һȻճʿһ˽ƣֻܶɽ٣ѹƣˣһ˾ӵôıóص£ҲӦòֵ⡣ΪĴڣĹ¼
ǰǰô룬벻ͨǹĽʱγֵģϾƶɺͳʶȶǸٹ̣ûȥɹڣһ̬׵ʿ²κγᱻơ
ǶԷƺ󣬻ѹΪʹɢȥҲδزܡ
ͷ֮⣬Ҳʵ벻ʲôȥЩʷǰĹˡ
ǣЩƴͷβƺҲֻԶŹһ
Ҳ֤ǽӦþĽѣ
ǴڣֻǶɽڣҺʵԱȣͲһˡӵвֹʮָǾֻǴǰڣҲӦñһĶɽٺڸǿһЩֻǶɽڣǾͲܱȶɽٺڻǿֻ൱Ҫ֪ںͶɽڵĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ɽڣֻǶɽڣ֮ʤҸռˣ
ͨһУı飬˲иҲԽԽ
ҲʱͻȻַһ󲨶һʿҲ͵س˼֪Ԩ
ȴһڵǿߡ
ʿڳֺҲ֮ǰһ̾ͳĽ䱸ңֻŹ̽Щʱȴ̲ס¶һ˿ɻ
ڴˣ֪Էɻʲôȴû˿¶ϾĳЩ£˵ȥҲδ˻š
ǵԼɡ
ҲһʱڣȶŹٴƽţż̽ʱʿҲһ˿ǿҵĲ˼𾪡
ɲò˵ڲ֮ʿؿ䣬һĿ䣬۶ǻֺ̿Ͳ˼顣
˵ʲôѾƽʮţ̫˰ɣȴڶԷ֤һЩʵ󣬲Ű֮ǰƲ⣬ʿĻҲöԷ׽
£ȻӵĿµĸʵΪǶɽڣǽƣġ
ٴΰԼĽһƲ⣬ֽһ飬ʿһƬãȻ˫۽ʱͻȻΣڶ㣬־ѻԺڣǾԲһ̽źٴ֣ĨɱӵʮָɱϾֻǶɽڣֵܵùģ
ƻĻһ䴫ʿУҲƽ׽ĽͣǰĽƣ϶Ǹ̬ˡϾǽƵĹ죬ʷǰģҲֻǣǰˣֻǶɽڣвСࡣ
Ȼ˶ԷĽͣʿĽ飬Щԥ
Ҫķտռ䣬ڶԷ̽ź󣬺ֻɱô
⣬ʿҲֻ˼Ƭ̣͵˾Ǿˣ
˵ĲϾڶ㣬ҲѻԷԷܲǳôһһõ׵ĽǻǻʳģѾû·
оǣ汻ƽ⿪ͨҲֻһ˿ͨҲֻᡣ
Ҳʿĵͷ£ٴȫһϲһĪɡ
˵۾ڣҲסӿźĹâ
ǰǸŹ֣ǿҲֻǶɽڣ֣治ŻʲôˡڣҪģƺǵŶԷţȻժȡʤĹʵˣ


364 ܣȻħ
ֻǣµϣͺ֮ɫʱһţȴֱþ
ΪǸ̬ƽ⣬ֱڣû˿ͣ͵ơ
ܹƽ˶ţһƬУһʿֱӴ䡣
֮ǰʮߵһʮǿǽٵˣƤУڣһָѣѵյģĴƷԪ֮һ
ȷָǳƷԪ⣬ʲô
һƲˣȫ͵ĵһ㺧Ȼ£ҲͻȻһ˿ɡ
ƷԪ磬ȻֲԷΪչֻǶɽڣѲ˶˵ʩѹ
ƷԪ磬ƽ⣬ҲӦõβʱҪ׼ֻɱк˸һϸϸ
ƽ⣬ȷӦÿˣʿҲصĵͷ
Ҳ£˶ʮӡ
ȶŹٴ̽ʮʱҲԽԽ
˰ɣӦʱ
ǲ֪ڵľǶ٣ȻҲܸõİճֵĻᡣҪɱҲҪӳȫãƽԽ࣬ǵĻᣬҲԽ󡣡

һϸϸУ˶ĿתĶŶŹţֻҪԷһֹͣƣͻԥĳ֡
Ҳû취ϾȻƲŹѾƽ˽ţ֣ȴǲ֪ԷȻյƷԪ磬Ǿһĸ
ƽһͨļҲԽȻǰ֡
ԣҲֻܵԼ֣ȷѾټƽȥźչɱ¾
ò˵
ôޱȵĶŶԷۿһʱ
ɫһ䣬ЩմĹֽе԰Ƕôã˵һ֮͹ȥˡ
ǰһʱǰԷǾʮƷԪ಻ʮ
ǣһʱڣ˿ŶԷƽʮš
δ̫ˣ
һ仰ʿҲһͣϾӿһƬźȻɫǰҲ̫Ծˡ
һƷԪ磬ҲֻǰһָıѣôԷʱҲư˰
֣ѲƶϴˣڸսǶʱ䣬ûпʼ󣬻߸տʼҲֻƽʮţ
УʿҲĴ
ɡٴ̧ͷ˿Ź֣εĵŶԷֹһָǻŶԷһСʱһֱûжĺá
٣ǿǻеĵȡ治֪ǼһսһСʱʲôȥˡҲĿ˿Ź֣ʿֽѹͷ
Ǿ͵ȡɺϵģҸսʱŸտʼƽһţҲڵȼʱѡҽڣܹƽʮţס֣ܲġ
Ǿʹڿʼ¼һţҵͬʱٶ֣ʿٴͷһ𾲾ȴ

Ҳ£ʱ䣬ֲסţֹСʱ
ԭȻƽ޲ˣֽ
ʮˣƳʮţȻûҵͨ
ΣƷԪ磬ҲʩչˣʱԳˣ
ʮţ
һ٣ְɣ

һƤ£Źƽŵִһ֮ʱҲκι˼ɣ໥һۣ׼³
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ŹֵĶȴ͵˴
ֻΪƽһֺ֮ԥ˵һһš
¡
ۡ

ԷޱȵĶ˲ɱڵˣʯ
ʲôЦ˿ۿŶԷѾƽһţȻܼ
ƷԪӵߣҲӦѾù˰
׵ʯУʿȫɵڵأĴŶŹֺԥƽ˵һһš
ţ˲һ飬ȫѹԺҲӿһ˿ͷβĿ־塣
Ȼ治ֻһָγһƷԪ󣬾Ȼӯࣿ
ڣŶŹֺԥµš
ˣˣ˺þãٴοŶԷƶţϲӿһ˿죬Ҳ״˰ӣӵеƷԪ磬һǰǵƲ⣬ִˣѾƽһ߰ʮţ
ƷԪ磿ʿҲһƬ죬ɵɵĿŶŹ֣һʲôﰡ
ƷԪ磬Ȼ˶ɽڣ
û£û£ӵƷԪ磬ʵҲǺûĴ˺൱֣ǲġǿµľڣٴδҲ֪ڰοͬ飬ǰοԼ
£ӵƷԪ磬ֻǶɽڣûй֮Ҳֵܵù֡ʿĻһŲĨһ亹־ɵĶ˶Ź֡
Ҳ໥οʱǰٴζһţı֮ĶŹ֣ͻȻһţҲһ˿ϲ
ֻΪһΣŸı룬ڣȻȾӿһ˿͵ĺʶϵһ
һƬŶֻľ󣬾ͳǰ
ǣһƬ羰ɽ֡
ټɽ֮ϣÿʮ׷ԲһعֲЩֲÿһ궼ǵħֻǾţ̲סٵЧ
ҲڣŹǼΪᶨܿͰ־ͬʱֵһУҲʧ
ţǵţͻȻɢȥй󣬶УǹԲ̣Ҳһ˲䣬ͻأʧ

һɺƴޱȵҲ̴ûԲ̵ڣ˲͸֪Ԩ
ͨˣ
ڶŹ̽һٰʮָı֮Ҳƽ⿪ͨ
ֻɲǼ䣬Ź־ֲ㱻յʧȥֹԶں󷽵ˣҲˡ
ܿ죬˾ȫ˳
ͨˣͨˣ
ţֻҪһ֮󣬾ͿһʿͨȻ̤Ĳˣһڣǽÿһ֣͵컻֮챦
վڼ֪Ԩڵˣȫ˲Ϣ֮ڣͺ
ͨˣãҲΪֹˣŹ֣ò˵ı̬Ѿҵ󣬿ɲΣֻǶɽڶѣ죬Һ֣նɱڴˣ
ҲڼУֱӴЦſڣǶݺݵĶ˶Ź֡
һ̫ˣȻӵָһ˴ڣϵ֮ڣϾǴڣһֱ̣ҵĻ
ֹ䣬ʿҲڵһʱ䣬ٿԼƷңңֱԶŹ֡
Ҳ˵ķѣŹȴҲѹ˼ЦͬʱɽȺؾʹڣȻȻѾҵţˣͲٶˡ
ò˵ɽȺļͻȻ𣬶հ㣬ɶȥƣ䣬ʿȫٴ˲ɵˡ
˵ЦЦ⣬ȫǱ£Ȼֹ
ͬһʱ䣬˾ֺͱĻҲ뷺
ʲôȻħ
ħ

ͻȻ֣Ǹָıĳ̬Ȼħʱʿױˡ


365 뿿ŷݣŶûУ
ħ˭
ϻɸڣһ֮ƽ̽ƣǧĳһˣɱԪӤɽʿʹʮʿŷӡ
ĺպںڣֹӤֹޣһʿŵûɢ
ʱǴĴʿҲϻ⣬ħ뿪ϻɸȻ׼ɱԷǧ
κΣ˵ֻǿյֱ࣬ɸرգԷûг֣ҲʹΪħѡɸڡ
˭뵽ħȻǰĶŹ֣
ħ֣Ȼ£µǶԷʵ
Ǵɽɣ֮ƶȺκһʿ˿ҵģƷҲû˿Ӧԡ
ǿҲֻʮƵĴڣпƽ⡣
ԭǻΪǰĶŹ֣ٱ̬ԷչֻǶɽڣŶ֣Ĩɱôܻħأ
˴˶һۣʿӶԷпһ˿ֻź;
ħֻûһջʤ˵ʤˣŶԷʵǷܻȥһ⡣
δսӣ
Źħݳһ©˾ͳ׻ˣֻΪħΪ棬̬ףǻô⣿
ôѵҪ
У

ǵصֱƶУУҲ͵һͷ˲Ϣ֮ʿУؾͱһĹ
Ϊ˴ڣ̶ֳȵʿĸԸûа취뿪ǵڣǵĳ·ƺֻһˡ
ǾǣϷ
ֻҪԵɽѣһУͶˣµɽڵʵֻһֻСϺףٲķҫǺȣҲǿ
һ¶⣬ʿϿգ̾ͷһƴϵİ׹⣬ֱֱС
ҪҲͬʱֱӾһĶʿ
ϻħ϶УȻƷԪ磬ִ˶ɽڣЩܱڣһǿߣٿȺϷˣֻʱ⣡ɣʿȴֱƿڴ
Ϊô鵽ڣֻȲѶѡ
ò˵Ҳɾܷɵģͨɽ֮·ʿĳѷ磬ҲҪʱ䡣
ʿȴҲоԵİգ֧Ź⼸ʱ䣬˳ӽɽ磬ϾħĴȺΪ֧ţͲӾͳŲȥ
ĻҲǰһ
ǰȻûһһ˿ֲħǣٻ÷ӱܡ
ʿķù֮ͨϽ磬ȻϽ緢ɢ֮⣬У֮⣬޷ǴƵģֻڷĹУ᲻ᱻŹֵĴȺɱѡ
ôô̵ʱ䶼֧Ųˣ
һˣҲһ£ɢϢͨɽ磬׼ƿշͬʱһɽ֮⣬Ҳֱֱ
䡫

Ҳ֮´֮ǰӿĴɱҲ͵İУʵҲȷûг˵Ԥϡ
ŹеɽȺǿǱϾֻ˽ٱķҪ˲ϢɱֳĴڣҲ
ֻҪŹ⼸ӣǾ뿪ˣ
ԣѾǴڣȻ޷̬ˡ

ҵķȣѸʽǿȫֵ⣬ȻЩÿһڵĸ𶯣һ޾һ𣬸ÿһͷ飬Ѫ
ʿԵҪֵ뷲磬Իǿġ

Ҳ˵ҺͻУȺڣŹȴ˲Ȼ
ˣڣǿʱģһҪɱˣҲЩ鷳ˡ
ȻҲֻ鷳ѡ
׹һţŹ̾Ϳʼǣѡʲôİ취ڶʱĨɱˡ
٣ǴȺ
ȷһȺֻʮɶѣڴصʮСȺɸӴȺһȺ
ɽȺ̣ȴ֮֮ڷ磬ֻϻɸУ˷ѣԺ벹䣬ҲףԶô㡣
뵽ŹֱЦһһ٣׼ʿֱ˶¡

Ҳһ̣ԭʿķ֮⣬৵һͿʼֱ˲仯Ϊޡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭҵƣҲر䵭Ӷ޾ӴѹĽȡ
仯ȴһ̻ڿϲѵʿ˲ɵۡ
ʲôķ֮⣬Ȼˣ
ôܣʿУ֮⣬ǲܱô
ɻ󣬲Ÿոӿǰط޾Ŀֲѹ
ţһִûб߼ʣװ綼ûһ˿·Ӵ׽٣ֱֱȻ
䡫

ֻһ˲䣬ʿëˣ٣
ʲôЦֻǷô٣ǡ٣ôǴ࣬ƽ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣٲӦǴϿյĽУֱ˶ô
ɲΣʿǲòһʩչֶΣȥԸһ쵽˼޵١

ͬʱվʿԶ䣬Ҳ׳ˡ
٣
Ϊһ٣ԵʿֻǳûʿһҰȴʹܽҿǰңңϡУǵӰּͷһ٣ʿƽ
࣬粻֪ĺá
ŶŹַֻų٣Ͽգ޾Ľѹѹ˺ڵҲеԵϢһ˿в
ɲǼ䣬棡
û
١
ǸħֹӵָЯɽȺȻҲԿƣ
찡һﵽʲôﰡ
ҲԿƣ
۶ᣬ伫ȱĹֽһһȥϾڵٶԣҲӴģǲҲֽȥ
䡫
Ÿոǵ٣ͳװʿûڵغȻըѡ
ɲǼ֮ĿֲӲңƣȫ˸ϡá
һ̣ٵĻɢʱһҡҡ׹۷౻ƵưܲӰͱ©˶Źֺǰ
ۡ
ײҰгһ˵ķʿҲ㵱ʧʹޡ
⵽ô£ôͻȻ٣ڣپ֮ⶼˣ
ҲУңңǰǵͦӰĶֱӾʿһžһʹӿе£ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ˤ֮ʿǳ˾ֵĿǰǵӰһµ٣ӶԷռ˲˺֮⣬ˣȫû
٣ģʲôЦǿٰôҲܱƿأ


366 ɱգ
䡫
޴ըѲһδ෺𣬸Χϡޱȵƣóɢ
ڣڵϣڶŶŹַʿҲǾ޴ĳƵĻҲΪǱӰؾʹԭԳ˶ߣȻʿһ۶֧飬ҲǷɢңɫס
ԳӰԺֱֱŹ֣ɵɵ̧ͷ˿Ѿݻٵ֮⡣
ţһɾ޴ϢУͳͷ
찡Ǿ뿿ŷӱŹֵ׷ɱУǵȴǵģǾ·һ
һ޷ݵĿֲޣʲôȥ
֪Էħ˾ͳˣֻݣڶԷǿɳܵٶԿưǿٰ
ɲ֮䣬һμЩӯʵ벻ͨһˣôԱֵ̬ز
Ӧģʿһ嵽˼޵ĳմɫ
Ҳʵڲ֪Ǻˡ
˷ӦȻͬģǶŹˡ
ҲʵûϵپȻʿ֮ⶼԴݻ٣ϸ룬ҲƺܴݻٵĻЩ½ˣ¶ܳǶݵʱӻɽˣڴˣ
ȻǷĿܣǽ
һ˿ĹâŹֱ̧֣һ٣Ȼȥʿһӣֱӻ١
һֱ˶µ٣ڣһε٣ֻڻ֮ǰӴѹѾѹ˲
˲ı仯ʿٴαȵľһͲòתȫȥֱֵ˶Ľѡ
䡫
䡫
˵Ľûɢ٣ֳװûԭһƬֲ֮ը
еһУҲƺ⼸ٵĻ£һӴʷǰĳֱӾͺХҾȥֱֱѶŹֵķȺƣ䡣
ϾЩƣ߶ɱû˿ֿ֮ڣŹҲãûбҪάִˣֻ˷֮ѣֻٿʮңʱ׼
һ棬ͷңǹǿĳֵ֮⡣
Ƭ̺е̺ನžƽţǱһͿʬһ̱ڵϵ壬ͳ˶Źǰ
һȥӰҲǲҲ̶ã۷¸˺ֻʣƲƬϣ¶֫壬ҲȫǲѪۣдƬƬļһƬ
ڣӣ΢ĴϢԼ˵ʶڣסŹֶΪѾױĨɱˡ
ɼˣ˵ҲʵǱ
ߣһԭʵķɽô֮⣬Ҳ࣬һ״ķĵطʵ¶Щ΢ӫ⡣
٣
оųɰգɱɵ٣ȻҲֻӵ֮ĴǿߣϾɣû֮ôԵ٣;·һֳƷһ˲䱬˼ǿʵǸղžѾٳ˺ˡ
дҲǻ磬ѣ֧飬ʶԪҲѾ͹֮ڸղţɱĵβʣ
˵ڵ΢ĴϢ֮⣬ǻǣʲôˡ˵һСָˣΪȫʶҲѾ޷ָˡ
ȣһԵʿҲòȥԵĲǵ٣ټҲԾĨɱǿˣһƷȻҲǿĻǴʱĲ״ȴĿ
ҿֻڣȻҵ٣ųұõļ֮⣬ǲˡ˵Ĳ״Źȴû˿ֻǴǰ𼸼ͿʼǿĨʶһһԼ
ܿ죬Ʒ޿ԼսȫԼķ
ɱ棬ս޿ֿԽ˵ٶȣһƷҲȫˡɫ𼸼Źſʼ̱ڵϵˡ
ҲڽӴ˵Ŀһ͡
ֻΪʿʱУһƬǱɫֻһ
ȷǴʱģ
ŹִʱȥɱǣҲֻԼʶڣеһգ
ڣ˵ĴָڣûҩԾؼǣȥȡ
ֻһӴ˵񣬶Źֵ΢΢һͣʼ˼ڣǳĨɱˣǰһ
Կ϶˵Ĵʱ״̬ǲɱѡƣǶԷ϶ӿ͸пʱһ֮϶
ĬĬĵͷ˿ǰֵ18101937.1
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ɱǣԶ˳Ϊͽ֮ĺáʿһΪͽǹ׵֮ҲǼΪǿģ˵ֱӾͿͻƵڡ
뵽ŹֱֲӶˣһЦҿԲɱǡ

һ統±ԵĶˣʽĻѹȣֻΪ˴̼˶ӡ󣬾ôֻǶ̶Ƭ̼䣬Ź־͸оľֵؿʼ˿ٵֱӾʹ18101876.7ĳ̶ȣֵҲ1948ĵز
ҲΪղŵֻǼ򵥵Ľ˵ûȥô˶ȻҲǿҵӡ󣬿ɲر̡
ǱϾǴڣ۷ʿһĳ˹׳֮㲻̵ҲʮǿˣԶ԰ټƵԪӤʥʿļϡ
ԶŹԣҲû˿ܾİ취Ĳ˵ڵɱҲֻɶŹ⡣
ֱÿ֮󣬶Źֲȡ鵤ƶ˱޵ơЩʱŹֻǿѹٶȣȵͨĲͨʱʱȥġ
ϾҲˣһ١
ϣв֭Һɵ鵤ԼҲвڲ֭Һҩֻǲú޽ӽʿ˲ٺתơ
٣ʶѾʼ޸֧;Ҳ˾ԵȬԪ磬иɺԵĹ֮ڸҩ֧£»
ӶŹӴ֮⾳ϴˢ˵״ҲԽԽá
ҲǵʱŹֱֲóԭʿƷӸˣԭڴ̼˵ӡʱŵڶԷģڣȡĿҲݸˡ
ֻҪǰĿƣƷǵġ
ЦУŹֲٴοڣҲֻһ仰ˣȫɫһͣϾӿһƬϲ
ǵȻ֪ԷûƭǵıҪҶŹϣҲӵǧƵĿ飬Էǲ⡣
ǣ⣬˲⣬Ʒ
ڶԷֹÿһƷδεƷҲ˳̾˶֮ǰĸֳŵ˸һΡ
ɲ֮䣬ŹɫһӦڵľֵֿʼٵĸӦҲԺз
һ٣Ҫˣ
ϲŹֱ৵һͶ˽ڣֻҪ٣Ǵˡϵʿˣʱֹ֮ӼǻǾ㲻ʩչԼ٣Ҳ˰ӷʵβڴ


367 ϽʹԪ̥
ۡ
ҲڶŹ͸̤ͨĲһ̣һֵҲ˼ޣ20002000
ɲǼ䣬ԭƽ޲ĴϿգֱӾͷһ㣬һܼŨĽơ
޾ĽƣӴѹҲǿֲޱȡ
ֻǿŸӦŹԺ̾ðһͷ
١
û⣬һٵĽƣȻǵ١Ӧòǵ٣ΨһȷģӦǵھŵ
һ˿ɣŹֱӻһ٣ֱϡ
䡫

䡫

һƣ𽥳ʱ͵رɢһڶֱڰ˵٣ûһ͡
Դ飬Ź£ȴԽԽɣϣųʩչٺ󣬻һ٣һ߱٣ٵ顢鳾١
ôɶȹһ١

Ҳһ֮ʱϿձɢĽƣһͻؾͷӵԭأ౩һɿֲѹ
ѹȴԭȵٵĽʮֻǹѹѹĶŹֲòͷų塣
Ҳ٣һ׽٣Ȼǵ߱٣ɱɵ׽ٰҲֻǶɽٺڣǱ̬
ͷųǶŹ׼Ƿ߷ߵŭһţͻַųԼڽеһ߱١

ֲ׽٣˲˺ϷһУҲֻɲǼ䣬վڵرĶŹ֣͵ľ;ӿһǿҵ顢Լ᲻صʹС
ȹ٣ȴģͻơ
ʿӶɽ۷ڣ侫ֱֵӾͻ20004000ʥϵڣֵһ2000ɱ䵽4000
ڼĲ࣬ҲʵǺˡ
һ̥ǵľޱ䣬ŹҲֻҧӲţ£ȴһƬϲ
ˣǴӶɽ١ʥڣһȫˣϵڡ
ԽԽҵʹŹֳӲܣȥ۲ʱ򸽽Ļ
Ŀɼģ֮ǰƽǵȷʱܵĻһһ
⸽ɽУÿʮףһСɫ챦ÿһţɢޱȵ㡣
ò˵ſţŹȴҲ
ڵִ˴ڿժһ챦ˣǣȴֻܲժһ꣬ѡһΣ͵ڷеһУ
Ҳʵͷ۲ѡ
ҵ׸ѡʲôȻһΣĿģǱԪ̥ҲʵڲԪ̥ѷɫ΢΢̥ǵʹ࣬ŹͻȻͶһ
ǴӹãмصģڣǸ챦ԣǱ챦¼ˡ
ϾҲ֪˶꣬ôʱ¼ֻÿǧ꣬ȡһ⣬ڣժߵ⣬ҲѾ޷ˡ
ЩѾ˲ժߣЧֱժʿ㷺˵֪⣬ȫССϡ
Ȼò˵ǣϼصģҲֻǴڣһѣģû֪ǵʲôЧ
ηһ¼⣬ŹҲԽԽ۵ģʵܡ

ҲڶŹһ̥߳ǵʹ࣬һ֮Ĳ֪ѡʲôǺʱ
ϵĳһ޴ĺ죬̫֮Уһ㣬һֲĽƣҲ͵ؾͿʼɢ
ţһ˶ͱ¶̫ڡ
ˣ٣ǹˣһɢĽվȻǸߴӰһȥֱҲ̶ãֹһ۷˺ϡãһҲǱ鲼ɫѪۣһͷĽƲѣɢҶѿĴļͷһԵϲãǲĴӿ
ˣɽ磬η֮绢·һ£ڤڳ˹
ȷɽˣһ·޲֮ɫ䣬Ϊ·ʱҪԵĥѣʵ̫ɲһڷ磬·
Σյ£ֻҪ㹻棬ͻˣա
Դɽ֮һ״κˣֻҪҵһԪ̥꣬ϽͿԵõһŵ֮ɽ磬Ϊ֮ˡ
ɽ磬۰֮˲֪˲ۣײβͳδɽİȨԽ졣
УҲǿףڰУҲպգ˹ֶ֪֮ΣôѪˣʵڰУҲһ
һŵκ£ԷֻҪ쵽;Ի᲻ϧһȥɣ̼£ټһɽ磬벻䶯ѡ
Ԫ̥ԼϢɽҲɢʵڲֵ֣ϾŹֶܵõһ챦˵󣬼ΪУ½缤̺ŵ֮⣬ϢɽҲɢҲ
Ľɽˣ󣬰Ԫ̥֮μġ
˱ǣ꣬Ȼɽ磬֮ܣ޷ȡֻѰ˵ҪǶѶˡ
ϾܶʱЩصҪȡʵҪܴɷ֡
꣬ȴʣµģԪ̥ˣȲ͵ĵ֪Ԫֻ̥зʱųϵˣ׾Ǹͷ
ʣµһСˣɽȻֵһᣬʵҲǼġ
һʱڣɽ磬ӿһ·ȡ
·ǿֲҲ˵·ˣÿʱỵ̈ҪٵƲá
ʵϣһ·ˣֻҪŹһŵ׽ٰ֮ʵһֱѹɾ磬ǾͿʱƽ¡
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еճ̶ȣҲĨɱųɾŵˡ
ҲչʵʿܽҳŹŵ٣Ʋá
ڤգһʵɣ
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ĶȹˣҵʵֻܰΪѹɾ磬ɣڷ磬Ҳ޵еĴڣеƷ񱮣ֻҪҵԪ̥Ȼٷɽ磬ܺϹϵʱ򣬺ٺ١
ٴδЦһڤֱһ֣ͷһƱ׽ٿĽƵĳԶ䣬ž¶һ⻬ԴҲͬʱĳѺ۵壬Ҳ˲临ԭ
ٴȡһ׸ɾĳϣڤһʧԭء
ȻѾʱŹ٣ԺֻҪһֱʵѹڣͿݴڷ磬ѰԪ̥£ҲԲܵϾЩ·ѰԪ̥˶ԣŹ½ٵģԲֻһ
Ԫ̥Ԫ̥ݵϢԪ̥һҪ֮ǰõԪ̥ĳŵҾҪ

ҲͬʱϵദҲһղŵڤһ㣬˶ǿĳЦ
һŵֵΪ֮ˡ
Щˣ˴·ͶֻһĿģǾԪ̥


368 ˵ڤգ
жϽˣ·ںϵʱ
Χ̫ա
ĶɽڡʿȴԴ˿֪
ˣֻһʮһȺΪһطУ򸽽̫ա
ԭ
ҪȺ̤ЩʿĽΪ㡢ʿһ˦룬ǳڸ
ֱĿǰΪֹЩڸʿҲЩڶ΢ȱ˦ʮʿе֪̤㹲ˡ
ҶŹ֡䣬Լɢա
ǶŹֻ䣬ڹҺŵľԸ߲㣬ôϺʿ⣬ȺһȥԲֵ⣬ĴȻṳ֪̂ԨҲ֪ڼ֪Ԩһһǣ֮ȻҲһգͽ
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ĻҺ͹ɢ֮࣬żһۣӶԷпһ˿Ц⡣
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һЦУҲɻֻΪЩӶʿϢ̫˾ȣŹ־һ쵽˼޵Ľƣ̤㡣
Ҳʵ̫Źˡ
ɲΣֻҪŹ̤㣬ǹĻҺ͹˿ỳɣԷǷѹù䣬ΪǸֵûɣŶŹһɽٺڵĸЩɽȺ͹Ļķܻô
ԣڹĻĵģֻǶŹǷ̤ѡ
Ҳ֪ڣˣѾǰɽ磬ͶųԣⱲӣĴˡЦУȴĴĻҡ
ǺǣˣϧˣǹҶţҲռϷ磡ĻҲһЦȴЦЩζ
䣬ϾĴ˺ǿ߰ǾͷҲǵù˭ãƫȥǸ̬˷ָĶŹ֣
뵽ĻҸḧһָϵһöָǣȴǶŹڽ΢ǰܵķⷨڵлХȼɳЫˡ
Ͼֻܿʿʵ˭̴ûԵôռ䣬װһЩʿһ̤㣬ǸеͨյĽֻһҲȥȻһУѳЦ
̺ͨ󣬶Ź־Ͱڵ˹ĻҴܡ
ⷨܿܽųˡٴЦһĻµϲ⣬ҲԽԽ졣
Ҳ£һֱطУѰҵˣͻȻмʿɫͬʱһĳȥ
ҲעӣһӰʹԶ˹
պ䣿
ôųϲӦѾɱǣ

Ӱ󣬹Ҷʿɫ΢𣬸æϢɢ
ܿ죬ĻҺ͹ӰͿ൱ظУϣҲȫӿһ˿ɫǰô룬ΪӦñŹֶɱ˵ģڣôֳˣ
ɲΣҲţлɱŹֵʵ
ŴɻҲ˿Ҫǰʱʱɫ̬΢΢Щ׵ʿһŹĻ˹
μĻҳϡϡ
ղμĻҳϡϡ

Ҳֻһһ乧εĻֱӾڼɵĹĻˣ͵һ׽˰·ϣʿһӣûڵԪ
ʲôЦ䣬ǿľͷ֮һȻǵһĻʵǿ
ǡûۻ
ȿȡ֣ǣǿеľĻҺòײŻعһɵĿˡ
١ȴ˳ǡԹĻҵɻֱֱ鴤һǣޱεĵ
ڵҲ밡ǼȻѾ˶ŹֵĲǱԪ֣ǶϹϣҲǲòڱһ¡
ٶģҲýˡ
ֻһ䣬Ҳ㹻ˣһˣùĻҵ׻
ˣ
ɾǵ͵ʿǿߵһ־ưѾڷĶʿˣȻƶŹΪˣһǼɳЫһ
ѵ˵ǰգҲȫŹԪ
һЩĻҺ͹һβȻɫ䣬ˣǴڰҪѴڱƵͶ·ɿܰūǼֱǲܵ£Ĳ˵ʵͶ·ʱʿٿѡ񼴿̷ӱܡ
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Ѿ˴£ϣĻҳûеõ˵׿֮ǰʱܡĻɫΣͻȻʹ˹ĻҶС
ܡȷΪžͷ֮һȴڱһ䣬пܣҲĲϣ̫֪ڣղ˳ʱҲڹֻڰʿķ󣬲һ·Ѱ˹ʿۼĵش
ĴٴùĻһǿϲǰ仰ˣӦǱŹֿԪϲǣŹĽ˴
΢΢˼һ£ĻҲŵȻʱԸ̫֪ЩǾͽռ䷨ɣҺͶϣȺųϾС
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һʿ־ԳĬ
ղŵգŹ֣ǹĻңǸʮǰֻǸո̤ԪӤڵʿҲһ˿Եľη
ǼһĳɳҲδ̫˱˰ɣֻʮ꣬ʹԪӤڣɳô˺ʿҲܵĵز
ĻҶˣ͸ʿˣԶŹ֣ҲԽԽη壬ԽԽ
Ҳ£ʱ䣬һʧȫĵŶŹֵĻع飬˽ȻͬģˣΪ˵Ǳ֪սѾڶĽԴ
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ӰǶŹ֡
΢΢ĿӦһŹǣһ˿ЦˣȻֲǴ򣬿ǳˡ
ԴΨһһεѡᣬŹҲû˼̫ãѡһԪ̥
ôΪԪֹ̥Ϊʿһ֮⣬һԭǾǶŹͻȻ𣬲ܺʱ򣬶ԶͨɵĶ࣬ÿʮ꣬ж֮һļʽȥһΣǻΪʲôҪ˼̫ã
ǿۻңһβУǿԺô
ΪͨЩſ¶⡣
Ԫ̥ԼòϣҲ԰ûǵ´Σٶഢһ˵һЦУŹֱӾһ˲ƣһ߿ʼ˹˵Ӱ
ֱ뿪˵꣬ǼȻ´ʮ֮ãǰϵĿģЯԶĺԸҲѴɣҲǸ÷صˡ
ò˵Źֲ֪ǣڴʱһӰһƽ
ಡ
˲һ㣬֮󣬶һԴڤգǰѽԳε̲סԳһ˿޴ľϲ
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
û뵽ôãֹȹ˾ŵ׽٣ֱӽھ򲢲Զĵشһ͵֪λá
˵ҲʱޣҲ֪ûлԪ̥С
һ˿Цڤյٶȣ˲ּ


369 ǿѹڤ֮
ۡ
һһ֮ʣŹǿĸӦ߮Χ֮أѰĻҵڵأøϿϡ
飬Ϊ˼ص£ҲԽԽɣԽԽд⣬ڣżԼˣиӿһ˿Ц⡣
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ѵɽˣǾԪԪֵȥƺǺ;ֵ;ͬ飬ָ߼һЩ
ĬĬ˼УŹԺҲͷ
Ĳ²⣬Ҳȷ̫ףʿһִڣڷ֮󣬾ͿԾ֮ϴ壬µ壬ľǳ
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һߵѹûΪһޱȵľ޽һߵĵֿȴһ޴Ķơ
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ǿֲǴЩǱߵĴʿЩ㲻ȡ
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ڣʵȴƫƫˣ


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ڤҲĳױŭˡ
˵ǰֻ뿿һѹ״ݻ˵ĵֵ֮ģȻٿٴЩ˿е֪˭ӵԪ̥˭ܻá
ô֮ǰһʱչʾǿѹƣѶʿ񣬿ɾ͵Ҫĥһ˿ֵʱ
ȴû뵽ȻݺײǽˣһӰԼ˸ͷѪ
ǰҲδ̫ˡ
ȷ֮ǰûϵڷ磬Ȼʵ̬˹ĴڣֱΪϣ۷忹⡣
ǶԷΪǱ̬ס
ڤȴɲܰѶŹַΪһɣ
ڣɽУҲһǿߣôܰһֻܺɿʿ
ĿǰΪҲֻѹɾʿֻΪġ
һ̣ŭڤǰֱӾͳһʮףߵľ޴ʯ
ʯһ;ӿһһƣīɫĲơ

Хһˣһ৵һɢ
ڣЩƽӴʿ壬˾͵ظеԼԪԪ硢ı֮֮ȻȫѹƵĶá
޴ľУʿˣֻƴ̼ͼٶȼЩѹƵ˾ǣεֵеǱһɽѹһ㣬޷˿
⣬ڤ̡
Ʒ񱮣
ɽ磬ҲһĳЩ̶ϣѾڸƷɱһЩɣ񱮣ڤվ㲻УҲаݡ
Ϊ񱮵Чһǿᵽ˼㡣
ѹƣһеᱻѹĶá
ͬ޷ѹƶԷôͻѸбѹںһӵߵս˵ѹƶˣͿǿӵŶս񱮷ӸǿĹЧ
ڵǿɱﵣǾɱ
ֻҪЩɫƣĿ֮ڣͻԼΪֲٶȣڲ߽⣬ݻһС
һ򵥵ӣ˹һϵֻҪɫ֣ͻᱻڲƻγɵĽṹӶ;Ǳɫ֣һᱻڲ߽ӡһѷϾɵĲ
ϣǰȰЩˣȫܣһǵ䣬һԵ֪Ԫ̥Ϣ
˲伤ѹƹЧڤѹЩͨǿ߶ãڻʮ֮ڽʵ߶ʱܼǿѹֱֱŶŹѹȥ
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ϾΣĿģԪ̥ɱˡ
ҲͬʱŹֱɫһףӣѹ޷ǼӿһɫƣУٴһ˿ɫ
ղţڤյѹֵ
ȴҲȲѡ
ϾϾԪ̥
˵ڲǰ֪ԷĿĵĻôȶԷǾ仰Ͳ֪ܲɣΪĳŵ½ģӵԪ̥ȻͻǶԷΨһĿꡣ
㡭ӵԪ̥Ϣڻû֪ڤѾˣ˽֪̤ʿԷ׷ȥڣĻҵˣӦѾ֪ǴӴ߳ġ
ĻҼδػĸԸĽЩ£ϽˣҪһЩΪʿϣõһЩ˿ٵϢҲʵ̫ˡ
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Ըղһν棬ҲǶŹִҪ̽һ¶Էʵ
ȻڤĿʩչɵΪǶŹȻû˿̽ıҪֻܹԹԽԪ̥Ͻ·ƣ֪һԷֻ۷壬ҲδûղӦ
̽ĽҲһֻҲΪͷųǿϢ˵ʵȴǰ
ֻҪΪϲ·磬Ĳ̫ηǰˡ
ϾҲƷʮɽȺơڣлһ٣ֻһڹؼʱ̣ҲܱƵڤսͷö
ڣԶԷǿŹҲĸеһ˿ľ
ǰΪıƴϣǺͶԷڣһΪȻױѹƵ˿޷

ȻھԪԪ֮ȵȫѹ޷ڣо׳أ

ɲǼ䣬һ٣ֱӾʹӾ׳ѳ߽˶Źڡ
Ҳٵĳ֣ЩԭѹƵ޷ֱӾֱ̼ĻԾΪ񱮵ѹһ˿ٵֵ
ȻöŹּȲǣڵֵѹٶһ˿ѹ֣תôչѹ
ΪʱڵΨһһ١
ķȻֲ
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ٿߣ⣬Ҳرһ㡢һƬƬҵЩһ֣һӡɳһ㣬Ѹпռ䣬ıŢ
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ռΪһЩɫƵϮ˲ѹҲǰ޼ɵֱ£ֻһݻ޿ִĿռǰ
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⵹Ǳ£ֻΪڵǼˣʵ̫Ҫˡ
ȣ֪̫ܣһڤշ֣һǼ˵䣬Ͳˡ
ȻҲʱĨɱˣܲɱǲɱĺá
Щٴδ˲ƣٶȣʧԭء

Ҳʧ
һ̣ʤȯյڤգһγɵۡ
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Ҫ֪񱮿һˣٶѹƵİ
˳һ£ڤղɫ䣬ֱһִʿ࣬ץһǿߣͿʼѰԷ䡣
ҲֻƬ̼䣬ʹӶԷڵ֪˴Ϣ
һУԼղǸԺʿĲϢ
Ź֣ԭ˽жŹ֣ǹҵһϣӵеĸı͹֮ԭô࡭ֲô̬Ѿ˼֪ԨղչֵʵǺһȥʿԲһһڣܻԪ̥ˣ
Ժ͵һͷڤڻ֪һкȴ
ԭĿ꣬ȻұŶԷѣ
ȵУڤǺ޲һˣźйߡ
ǿѹŭ𣬸һ˿Цٺ٣Ź֣ڤնϣ㻹ӵȥ
Ц֮Ҳһʧ˵أʧ֮ǰڤ¸һ˿ᶨܿҪǸŹףϵˣӵɽ磬Ҳܷɵóġ


372 
ৡ
һ˸ŹֵӰֱӾͳһƬߵ̫յشû˿ͣЪǿĿռ֮˲ƶٴʩչһһε˸֮󣬾Լ֪Լεء
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ϣһΣյĸо̾ʹĵ৵ı֡
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һΣ˲ƶǹΣոУʧû˿ͣ٣һٵ˲ƣٴչ
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ʮӺٴԶ˲֪
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ףȻڣ
ƣŹֳͷβû뵽ֱڣǻûڤա
ݺݵһۣŹҲٴһʧԭء

ʵ򣬶Źȴ֪׷󷽵ڤգʱеŭȴԶҪǿҵĶࡣ
ԭڤջΪɽ׷طҪ׷϶Ź֣׾ٵ¡
ȴû뵽ԷŶܰĸӦ
ǵģղһΣڤնʧȥ˶ԶŹֵĸӦȻ»ָ˶˵ĸӦÿһ֮󣬶Էľ룬ͻ˲֪
ڣִԺʧĸӦڤٴβȻŭȴҲκΣֻһηɽ৵һŶԷոʧ֮أٶȥ
䡫
ɽڤյ۷ʵУҲ˳ƵϿֲһɲǼ䣬ڵ͵һ鲻ա
ٶȣһ˼ޣҲ̤ʱա
ٶȣҲǲֹȶŹֵ˲ҪһȺķһʱڤյӣ͵س˶Źָղʧ֮ء
ɲò˵վ⴦̫գĬĬĸӦһڤȴ־ŭޱȵۣûУ
ֱڣɷֲˣǼһӵʲôط
ҲԭĬĬĵȴ˲֪ʱ䣬һڤգһϲž৵һ˱
ֳˣһôݵģȻ԰ѵ׷ʵڹ죡
Ȼŭޱȣ֪һֱȥǾͻһֱ׷ˣҲʵû˿취ֺֻԥ˳ԺеĸӦһη

һ档
ŹֲŸոմ˲ֹͣҲֻ΢һԺΣУͻأ⣬ȴҲ͵شŭ
ڣҲˣÿͣʩչ˲ʱͿȫǹΣֻҪһͣΣоֻḡ֡
ȻΪʲôһֱƹ֮һ׷Ҳʵơ
ȥǰ취
ŭУŹɫҲӲǾɣȻҲûһգսʤڤգչҪһԣ
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ôˣҾ׷֮£ӵɽ磬Ҳ·ӣ
Źһȫ䱸ģڤȴ˿ϣֻҲ͵ȡ񱮣ǿѹ֮ҲȻ

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Ҳǿǿռһγ֣ԶڤգֱӾƤһ̲סƿڴһ̬
Ҳ벻ͨΪʲôδʧֵ񱮣һǰȴΣ޷ѹƶԷ
ɲΣּ޾ĺɫƣǰʱӿȥ
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һ㣬һȦȦǺХһĲƣɲǼʹݻ˷Բʮ׵ĿռԿֲٶȣǰƽ
ȷӿĲƣʱ̶ڱǰĲڴݻЩ֮ȻҲɢһЩչǰһĲƣֻԽԽ࣬ڲֽһеٶȣҲֻԽԽ죡
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Ҳһףǹٸʮ׷Ⱥһ𣬴ӶγһµĴ󣡣
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⣬ҿɶŹȫյĴȺһУת仯ȻĻЩ֮ڣֱӾͻ֮ƿշ
ϾѾִ˴ˡϵڣǶɽ١ʥڡ
Ҳһٸɽ͹ԣһ̻ЦڤգֱӾɫһ䣬ӿһ˿Ȼ
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ʲôЦ½磬ôô֮
ɲپǼд޾ɷ֮ڤջһ飬ٿ񱮾ͺ»ϡ
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񱮵ѹƹЧһ̣Ҳֱӱӵ˼ޣȻ޷ȫѹЩҲвٶȡ
ֻɲǼ䣬ڤܣ֮ڵĵشĹɱٶȣû
Ҳǵʱĺɫһ㣬Хϯϡ

ƣû˿谭ľ˴ڣЩƣٴλʮ֮󣬾۵ģȫʧԭء

͸Ĳ׽һУŹɫһٴβٿشתҲԱǰĶ࣬ѸĶƣһӭͷ¡
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ǺĻΧֻʮףȴǰڤոصùЩܼŨң޷Ļ˿
ںĻΧЩ类ĺɫƣҲڽɱ˲֮ɢ˴룬ҲͬʱӺĻڣӿ˲Ϣϡ
ԭأĽǲ֪ģͻȻ˽֡
ڤΪģʮ֮ڣһƬڣʮ֮⣬һεشһ𣬶ڽŻּᶨĽһ֮⣬ɽһ㣬һĶѻȴǲ˿һѻһƬش
һо⽩֣ǶŹ֣ڤգ΢΢Щɵۡ
Ҳʵ벻˵ĽڣȻ˲ϲ£Σ޷ƽľ档


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ڤգȻܿе£
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ڤյȻȴҲˣҪ֪е񱮣ȻֻƷʵϣĳЩ²һЩƷɱȻҲɽвһƬȴû뵽ڣȻһ½ʿУ·磿
ȻҲ֪Źֱ̬ȴûϵԷȻʩչֶΣ
ô죿ܲһֱȥɣȻҲ屻Ǹһ˵ţҲû˿ô
Ȼ֮ڤҲһ˿꣬½ĿģԪ̥Ϊ̬пܻԪ̥ǰһԭΪֻҪʩչ񱮣ֵȴû뵽Ȼһͷ
ҲʵڤƵļѪĲ˵ܷȫʵǶŹֻЯ䣬½죬ȴƫƫֻܷ۷Ҳʵࡣ
޴УڤҲް취ֻʱ񱮵ֵҵĹȻʼڷȺƶ
ڣȨѾ˶ԷУҲֻһһ
ҲڤյƶŹҲ΢΢ˣ˵Ըһˣİ취ֻҪôĨɱҪôŴȺȡʤֻʱ٣Ѻľֻʣһ٣ٵ顢鳾٣һ˵˴á
ΪҪɱɣҪǵ٣
ϣδضڤãϾԷȻ½Ȼֻ˵ѾŹ˾ŵ١
ٲãڷȺҲֻסԷʵ鷳ˡ
ΪŹ֪ķȺʱЧɽȺҲּ֧ʱѣҪڼʱڣҵ׵Ľ취
ô죿ֻмʱ䣬һʲô취ԶԸһٵ˼УŹҲʼھԼĵơ
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ΪǰڤգӵеĲֻغͿռ֮µĸ
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ǵģǸֻʦʱǳ½ڵڣԼԶŲ
һԶҲ֪ãȴΪšǿ׷ɱһ޷ҽεĴˣճơ
ƣôʱ춯΢΢һŹʱЩȣϾõƣҲжʱˣҲƺҲżоⶫĹãȴоö֮ΪԶһлˣ𣬼ҺֶΪŲϧһд׷ɱԶǶŹ˵Ͱ֪Ǹˡ
ɼˣôʱҲѰƸˡ
ȴû뵽Ȼᷢһ˿춯
Ƭ̣ŹֲųȥӦ춯Եɡ
͵ִһֻ֮Ĵϣ׽һ˿ǿ˷ܺͿ
ڿʲô̫˰ɣȻҲҲһʽĿԺԲƣƴʱ˷ܡȻôǿң
һƬ֮УŹҲЩɻʵڲ֪Źֵӣ˷ʲôʲô
ȷŹĲ֪ʱһһŵĴڳĻ;Իᾪϲķ֣ⲻڿںô
һڣԻΪһССӣȥӡ
ƣһڣһ֣Ǿǡں
һ˷ܵĹЧǾǣһзȻںϳµķ
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һ򵥵ӣƷһһأôں֮ͻ϶Ϊһ
γɵͻҪôǣҪôǣأҪôǹؼ汸
Ȼô˵Ļܻ޷ͻⷨĹЧΪһЩǿʿǿΪͬʱʩչҲ£ӣǹؼ汸ķ滻һơ
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ֻҪͿ԰Ϊһ壬³ֵķ֮һĿܣǹĽڣֻҪ´̼㶼һֱںȥ
ҲΪʲôļԶżȻõƺ󣬻ͱһź׷ɱôꡣ
ΪʹƵںϹЧҪһططĺĲ⣬֪ԲǼԶǶŹ֣ƣҲ޷֪ƵĹЧ
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ԶڤյƷ񱮣ȫ񱮵ĹЧĳЩ̶ϣƷɱŹ࣬ҲƷȫƷĹâ֮ûطҲʵܲ޴Ĵ̼΢΢һ˿˷ܵĵ
ͺñȣһѾþɱ¾ķɽѪ֮УǻһŵǿѪҺζͻᷢ˷ܵĽ
ȻָǿߵѪҺһȺϵѪҺ²Ƿɽֻţһ֮ǰŹȻдķЩͨķ籦ԶƷ
Ϊǰô˵ҲƿҺŸ߲УʵģҲںϹƷǶڶŹеķ򱦡鱦Ȼ˷ܡ
ڣһ֪ˣܸӦҲо˷ܣڿŹȴΪӵֻ֮Ĳ׽ˣڣľһƬ˷ܣ
˷ܣƣڿʲô


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ѵƣڿԼɣô룬ͷЩԶŹֺܿƲڶڤշ˷ܵ
ƲЩԶŹֶԣ㹻ˣ
Ϊͱʾһ׺ͷƺֻҪ˳Ƶ춯̽ȥӦþͿҵĿǰİ취
ϸ룬Źһ߿ƴȺΧڤգһߴڵڣ䡣
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Ҳֵһ̣λžͷ̾ȫ䱸ҿȥϾһСʱǰĻҡͱڵЩʱ䣬ڵ˵ȣˡ
һۿܵɽȺԼһƽĶŹʱһæ°ݣμˡ
ˣϲϵãⶫʲôŹֹ֣סߵݣžץƣݵ˶Է¡
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ɫؾһ䣬ƣⲻŵô
һ仰öŹҲһϲȻʶá
׽ϲɫǿѹǻ𾪣ʼͣˣƣǰ֮ڣҲǶѲ֪ӦϽԭǰѳУǲ֪ôģҵ֪ΪŴɸ꣬ҵУҲ֪ôģͳʧ˺ڣҲǵʱź͹ҵȣŴҿе֪ƵһУ˵ںϷ
ĽͣŹֲҲһ𾪵˽⵽ƵĹЧ
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Ĺںһγһ·֮ٵȵȸʽĹЧںϷЧҲ治ˣ
ڼԶҲ治֪˻ǲңҲУɼ˱ˣųͱѡ
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⻰Źֲ΢΢ȻɱֻںϷô
ģ˭ƣںͬȼʿսУͻȻƣѶԷķɵȻһʼںϣγµķʱԷڷϵԪϵͻᱻĨһɶֱӰ˶Էķ
һ仰ٴöŹȻǰսУͻȻɵ˵ķһȥںһͻγµķǻǵڰʿԷĿȨ
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ˣһ㣬ǵϢҪʩչںϷĹЧҪططֻҺŵĸ߲֪Ȼ˵õƣҲһ޷ʹáŽͣ䶢ŶŹֵҲҲʵ벻ͨںϵʧôôͻȻڶŹС
֪ҺΪʧȥӶΪ׷٣ϢйĴڵʱǶô𶯣Ϊⱦʵ̫ǿˣκһʵõ켫Ϊǿķջ󣬼ֱûֵܵ
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ŶŹֵԶݣԭƽӵڤգͻȻһͣܿտյһ˿ɱ̫գڤճ׾ˡ
ҲֻƬ̺ͻع񣬸ٵóһۣǾǸ̬ķʿˣ
ΪʲôӣղռϷ
ٴ˼һڤղ͵ĵóһۣǾǸղŶԷʩչֶΣ̫ܳãһֶ޷ȴģ
ϾҪ˵ԷֶΣʹȥǸǻҲһֱͣĴ߶񱮡Ըղֽ֣˱ƴֻ
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ѵֲ֧ˣٴĬһ䣬ڤɫһ㶣ܶԷǲֲ֧£롣
ԼһɣȻһгԱ˳裬ôöԷ˵߾ߣ
˵ԷпܵõԪ̥ˣ
һһ·ѻڤٴβȻŭֱӵطѰ˶ŹֵټʱԷղֶλûľҲҪ׷ȥһĺ


ΧʱڤϮŹν棬һһߣҲֻǹ˼Сʱѡ
ֱʱʮλʿ𽥴ӱڤŴѹƵӰ߳һ̫еĶɽʿ׼ظԵء
׼֮ǰڶʿҲȫһƬ𾪺Ͳ⡣
𾪵ǣɽ磬ȻɸðǾһΣ½磬ֻΪѰԪ̥ǲģǸŹôôֲ׵ʵֻǴʿȻܺһӲڤյʵѹ۷壬ҲǷʿӲİ
˵ԶŹֵʵ²ֱӶԺڶˡôڹһճϣ
ҲһƬ𾪺ͲУһӰȴͻȻͳǰһӰضʿȫһήľˣΪǴǾ޴󾪻ŵĶŹ֡
ҲͬʱһӴѹǰѹʿȫܶŶŹֲವһһʿ
ָȫ֮ĳ̶ȣǴʱûκͨʿǰ춯ܿ죬һ֮ע£Ź־͸Ǵǿߵһ顣
ҲֻɲǼ䣬йƵһУӿԺⶫôǺĽһؼģ÷
ϸϸдŴӶԷطŹֳЦˣһʧԭء
ҲʧոձʩչطѹһĴʿſô
ȷʿǲǰڤѹһĵùʿȴû뵽ֻǼСʱֱŹּϻأѹһ飬һ֮ڣеļ˽Σûʲôʵ˺ҲƵѪˡ
ʿһԷıԹȴһƬ


375 Ʋɵ
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һ֮󣬶ŹֱӾͳһƬƽ̫ڣһ֣ҲȡȺԼƷ
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ȷڵڤյĳ֣׷ϽˣŹҲŭˣȻõֿɡںϷҪöԷ֪
Ϊ̵񱮺󣬿ʲôһֱţƤһճȥ
ҲڶŹ׼󲻾ãǰ৵һݣڤյӰҲ̳˶Ź̫֮ա
һӵĺԶĶŹַ֣ۻڤһ˿âģȴЦ
ӲôˣµЦһţڤҲĴδŹ̶̼СʱڣҵԸ񱮵İ취
ڣͷβ¶Ź˸ͷҲûԷĳԿֻΪһˣ
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УǼ˿ɵĵ̣˿ΪģʩչķϣҲԻռơ
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ֳ֮ǰȥȶŹ֣ҲҪһ֡
ֻΪԷûԪ̥ǸʣУǾͺðˣֻҪֻɱУûУֻĿȥȡǾ;ԲɱˣֻѹȻ󳹵׿ƣڱ״̬£ȥȡԪ̥
ڶͲðˣΪԷô˵ҲӵмǿʵɱףѰϾǻܵģڶԷ;УֻҪǲɱ֣Ǿͼѣʱֻ鷳
Щ⣬һαǰ˵ٴγĬ
ڳĬ֮󣬱ȴͻȻһЦҪֹҲûа취ֻҪΧڵҵĴӪǣʱԼϵһΪҪЮҲӡ
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˷У˴˶˼ۣ˾ȫ׷ʩչݷżǸȥ
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񱮣ƣ֣Źִʱսǿֲ˼ޡ
ڣû֪ǰڤճսʱΪʵҲֻǺ۷岻µĶŹ֣ٸʱ٣ֽжôֲ
ʱܴﵽģֻܺ۷忹⣬ǿѹ۷һ͸ᣬΪʵԼơ֮⣬Źӵеǿֶˡ
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Щȴû֪Ҳûõ
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ԣĻǰС͵ڣ̷ɳһӰǰһнֺƵԣӰ϶˲õЦݣԭˣ˹ݼˡ
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ΪһɽڵǳϣµԺͽΪǰˣһ
ʿԶɽڵϣȴҪнͺ֮⣬֮ǰ²Ǿ㽲ȥҲû˻ţΪɽʿдҲʿǰˣȴῴء
ʱԣϣǶϹҲһ˿н
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ڣԣ龰˲ֹʮΡ
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⣬Ҳפڴ⣬Ӵʿнҡ
ڵĹұѾϵģβԺ
ޱȵĽԺУ˶ڴһеĶŹ֣ҲԽľηӵ
ҲŹЦӭӣ̤ĴʿҲ¶һ˿еЦݣֱӰֵҵҪͷϣĳͨϣлݻŴˡ
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ҲΪʲôԣձʱͱϳǴڡ
Ȼɻǰˣһʶ϶ϰԵЦݣ׼ӭӡ
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䡫
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ǣһˣ
ѶϢҲκ˶𾪵Ĳ֪ˡ

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ЩʿɹĻд̽һ̸ҲΪС
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ѹ˵ĵִֹڼǵһƮԿֲٶȣʮȥ
ȷǼΪӴ󣬿ɹϾۼפĵطȴֻռ˼ǲʮ֮һѡ
˵Թᴩϵ
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ˣѹֹʵʵѹױȵӰ
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һЩˣǰ־ڶŹͳڵ׳־ɲǼһƬţǰݻĴǿߣȫǺΪʲô粻治ƫƫʱǰ
ڵǣҲû˿ֻ֮⣬ľƣҲһ붼Ϣ
ŵѣҵȼѵִ
ҲڼʮȫһƬ֮ʱУؾͷһЦ⣬Ц⣬һڴǿߣٴһƬȻЩˣǳŶŹİ
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󣬼ʮʿڸأ׷׿УңңӰ
һƾڹǼʴϷˣһֻһˣôվڶԷǧ֮ĸ߿գһ£޷Զ
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⣬Ƿǰ

ҲһڴʿɳӣԶۿ֮ʱˣȴǱ˴˶һۣӶԷпһ˿Ȼ
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ڣҲûϵŹ֣Цһ䣬ԷӦ
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˵֮⣬ӵеֶΣкܶܶ࣡
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ͬʱŹֵЦ⣬ԽԽߡ
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382 ʺȺսĳױ
Ŀɿڴ֮󣬼ˣȴؾȫһŴЦ
ͬһʱ䣬˸͵ݺݳŶŹѹȥ
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һǰ͹һ͸Ĵɫȣವķϸ߿գֱֱ´̳һ̵ӰӰڳƺعϣеĻֲƶһĵͿȴƼ
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۶ô𾪣ǴʱҲֻϷƱ仯֮⣬ȴ˵һ仰ֻΪеġѳױ񱮽ߣ

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ɲۼپ޴룬֧ķ֣ȴȶٶȣ߽⣡
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ô죿ǼһﾹȻõڤյ񱮣ֲ̫ˣ
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ˣڴʱҲᡣ
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ΪǲֹǶŹһ˵ںбѹʿЩˣһʲôʤ࡭
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ǣ˼ֻӻɽһ;֮ٴαˡ
ʲôѵðžһΣ½磬ֻΪתôһСȦȻ֣ıһʿƵͶ·
ѵ߸½磬ֻΪȡ裿
ԽԽԽԽˣ֮ɫͱޱԹ
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ˣȴ벻ûжŹֵͬ⣬Ҳܰȫ뿪
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Ŵߵ󣬶ŹҲ̿ʼ˼ҪҪЩ֮⣬Ȼųϵ٣Ϊˣ֪ҪԵˣЩʱԿ֮ݣҲܲһЩٱá
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ܿ죬֮Уһα֮ʱʣֻʣ߸ɢӯӯĴָ
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ΧħΧ˶Źһķ
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ֻΪʥڣзǿĶŹһҲùˣǼ˷ܣּĸǺһ֪˵ʲôźá
ֻȫŽϵĳ֮飬ԶԶŹ֡ڣǰǼͶŹйٽʵʿСȣҲǵλǣ˶ʼɺĽĶֻԪӤɽʿȻͶŹŲĹϵǻɷʿٴڣǶЩ˵ȣʼɵЩۺ졣
Ҳ£Ź־ǣһһӼЩǰݻĴʿװеľźη塣
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ԶŹֵļ̣ǿߣͬʱһٴζԶŹָмѣϾԷħʵֲ̫ܶǼ̣Ҳʵҡ
Ҳһк󣬶Źֱֲڼǣٴʼչء
ʱıչأȻ˸״ţڣÿʱỵ̈вǿߣŹֵ⣬ء
ŵ⣬ĴǿߣŹһЦڵֱӿʼʩͨǼʴ

򣬺ϳϿա
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ⶼŵˣɢ
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Ҳʱһ޴ĺֱӾʹϿΧ󲿷˵ע⣬Ȳ̧ͷϿȥʱȫ
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µһ˲֮󣬽ͷڶˣ̯ϰ壬͵ȫ˹
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ս㣬Լĳ˿ͣв¹ڳװĵĳɹʿⱦ˵Ůһ̣Ҳûܹ˵˿ȣ֣ȫ׻
ڣͻڲûнɡбµĹУÿˣվ޷վȣ˵ַɡˣû֪ͻôͻȻʧˣΪھ޴в£Ѱԭ򣬸޲ܶ˶ƴĳɡŵĻգбĻ壬ȴ˵ϰ
ƽʱֻҪӾ߹·̣һ̣ȴƺһ޷ԽǴ
Уڶ˿ͣż͸ͻԽԽƺʱܺݺݵײȥȻɻ˶ˤ÷ǡ
˳ױˣȫһеģʼ޺С

ҲͻԽԽʱԭϡĿУͻȻһĵӰˣǸշص򲻾õĶŹ֡䡢Լ˲Ÿһ֣ͻķ׷ɫ䣬Ͽգ󣬼һֱķɻ󣬶ŹˣʱȻŭ
ôһ׳ݺǳϮ
η󱲣ðˣ
ɲ֮䣬ڴŭ֮Уȫŭһ˸ҲļֱµĻ壬ͺȻȥ


385 ɣǳˣ
գŭˣ
ģϿϮĴͷ˭Ȼ͵ϮŹ֣ǿǶڵĳ㡭ûдǴͷϣӦһ˿Ϣҿȥƺ㼸汻ⶫײϣҲԲκˡ
ǣȴ⣡
汻ײϣŹʲôҲ˵Ƕ޵ݡ
ɲ֮䣬գҪ˺Ȼ
ۡ
ҲΪͻȻķӦһҲΪǺµķɻԵЩµֱӾ۵һûطθЦ
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ŹֶǿҵЦ⣬ŹϣҲֳһ˿㵣Ƿɻʧ£ɻײµ棬Ҳܻһ˶ܽҲ汻еϣݷɻϣԲκλˡ
ЦУŹֱ৵һͷųǿ˲ѹƵ˿ãѾҲѹ˰ա
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ȻͻȻֵģȴŹֺܺõĿţûǻܵ˿ˡ
ȷΪصʵڲȻ˳ͻϵ
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˷ɫŹٴһЦãȴֻ֣ûнֻͣǲٿǷɻ·ؼƽȽȥ

ʱȴҲѹƲסµЦ⣬ֱӾ͹Ц
Ц⣬ʱԽȣȴָ֪Լֻþ

ҲͬʱʧµĿͻڣԭŷɻľ»壬ȫѵĿ޺ˣŻ͵һ٣˲Źԣһγײ
ɾУҲطԭһͷķɻڸղ͵һٺָֻƽȣ
֮ٴˣȴǸģɾãȻУһĴЦֱӾʹⲿϮ
Ȼڵˣе˳⿴ȥʱʱȫˡ
ֻ࣬һ֮⣬ĵӰ漣ڿУЦģ󷽵һӣˣͷϿգص
һһ׳߿ͨ徧Ө͸ɢһâĳһһŹֵ￴ȥһʣޱȡ
ǣЩȻ
УΪһˣһֱĿӢͦ˧ӣȴ󲿷˵ߣ䵽ʱԷҲһ£תͷ˿
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ǷĵĻֺ̿Ͳͷ·ϵĽͽͻȻһ㣬ּޱȣ־飬Ҳʵ
ӡҲֻһ˲ͼһ̣˾ͻȻ֣ԭʧأٴθ֣Ƿ·һӣҲױһͨͨӢꡣ
ɲǼ䣬ڣų
찡ɣ֣
ohmygodsuperman
ǣǣ
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Уÿһ˿У˲ͬľУһݴӹֱһеĿͻڼҲˣǼƾվޱȣȴֻ쳣£ͬһͷ
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ΣЩˣ󣬶׷ӦͻȻʧµķɻϾҪײǰԵ޹ʱƽ䣬϶ļˣġ
ڣڲŮˣڸղǾ˵һĻ֮󣬾ʧ˶Էžޱȵϣ˧̶ȣ㲻Ͽţֻеƫϣɸղһ˲䣬Էչ¶ʣضΪ֮ʧɫļ¶Ĺ
һƬȻ֮Уɻƽء
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ֻǵӳգϿȥʱȴֳˣԭĸ߿ϣǿյһƬޣżǵﻹһ˿Ӱ
ôãôңҲղżˣȺУųˣֻҲ󣬲ͻȻ˾
ݣҵֻôһź̿ˣղĵǼƵ
ֻҵҲɽ̿ˣ
ղǼǹǲǳֻþˣ
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У˲ŶֻæⲿȥȻܶ˸֪﾿ҲҪԶð̵ķɻźá
Ҳ˲һıУ˺ԶԶϳǷͻȻͿʻһų
ΪһޱȵľڣһɫϵĹ꣬ʱһȴһƬˮ
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supermansuperman

ͻȻһȺߣһΣˡ
Ҳ󣬵ȺԮһһò⼤˷غϳǺطԱһϵʧֳɵ˷ƽȵͣԭأðŨ̵ĿͻΧȴûһ˿䣬߻ۼҰʱרҵľԮԱҲȫɵˡ
⵽ô£Ƿɻ֮ǰһͷ£׹յƣôҲƽȽ䰡⸽һ綼û
Щߣһ泡Աȫ̲סһɣˣ
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386 󣬷
ܺϳطԱɹʱһеȴѵִ˺ϳǡ
һ겻˴ζŹֵĻع飬һϲ
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ǾЯԼիhŮȡ
ջصʱիh̤ԪӤڣҲ֮ã˵չҲʵ㲻ϴ󣬱ϾӵеĶǰָ
ԾֵիhǺ֮ľֵȴ1Ҳʵڿ
Ҳûֻÿǰָʵ̫ˡ
ԣÿĸϢʱŹ־һ԰իhڴˣѲ
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ʱںڵĵλһȥ˵Ǻϵ𶯣еͣȥ졣
һżʿԪӤڵĸĵã򣬻иʽֻҪϧҩݡҩȵȣȫˮһʼۡ
ŮһԸǱ޵ʱ򣬾ʼƸֵҩ
Ҳ£ڴĵãԼڷΧ䱦ĸ£ŮΪҲʼһδεķԾչ
Ҳֱ󣬶ŹֲŶ
ε֮УҲΪ˳ֱӾͱһν˴򣬶ѡЩ챦ʱû˿ԥֱѡݡ
Ҳڴڣһ⣬͵ĸ˳ǾͻȻ֣һαժߵԪ̥λãʱǿյġ
ݹ򣬸ʽ챦ǧ꣬ÿ⣬ȴֻһꡣ
֮󣬶Źֵɫͽõͳ
ݣڱժ֮󣬻Ҫһʱ䣬³֣ǣ⾿Ҫãܳɣʱ̻ãʱ̫ĻͲˣԭΪֻҪժݣͿڷ磬ҲøĸǻóϾ֮ǰõĵҩֻܱ֤жԪڣҲѾʮֻ꣬ʣһʮԪЩʱ䣬Ĵôܡ
ȷǸ⣡
ʱֿɵ޾Ҳǳ󣬶Ź־Ը⿴κһˣԭЩⲢ裬Ϊ֪ڣп÷챦˭֪ȴһֱˣÿһ⣬ٱժ֮󣬻Ҫʱɳ
⵹ԵģΪ֮ǰûʮ̤꣬Σʿƽǧ꣬ܽһΣÿһΣĴ򣬶ġ
ڣϴαժǸԪ̥ĵشȴǿյġ
һݣֻһһٶô죿
ҲѡøĸڰУɽڣҲԿУϾ󣬻ϵ֧ţ鵤ҩȡֻ֮֮꣬ĸˣ㹻
ǣĸĸʺôҪ֪ɽڵ֮Ǻصģʱ򣬾Ҳû취ֱӰæֻԼȡʱ⻹Ҫǳܸ־ģǶŹֲԸ⿴ġ
򲻵ѣ취ܲãǲõĺáĬĬ˼֮󣬶Źֺܿ뿪
һηصʱҲûóݣǼŸĸͨ׵ļ
ڼ䣬ֿʼչʽͨԪĵҩ
Ӵ֧ţһضϧĵҩҲһУƵǣЩҩҲֻӳͨ˼ҵԪ
ڣһ⣬ǾǵĸˣҩĿԣȶŹ˴ҩ֪ʶһЩҩо֮󣬲ŵóһƵĽۡ
еҩƳһϷãҲӳԪ
оҩҩԣĿҩԶԳˡ
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Ԫ̥а˳ϵļʣԻȡԷĳŵġ
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Ҳڳֵ׼£һһݱ˫ԼˣŹֲԱչΪɣϢٻ֮⣬ƿշ
ɽ磬Щ棬Ǹ磬ʲôӡ֮Ź£Ҳ𽥶Ǹ磬˲ٺ档


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ɽ磬ȫһſ򹹳ɵȻͬǣ磬һ½ɡ
Ϊԭûġ
֮ǰһˣڻУٳĳ硣
˵֮ҲΪأĻ֮޺Ҳ棬ȫһƬããţÿһ֮ڣͶŹһء
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ЩˣҲӻ֮У˹ɴ½ĸӣ½һУ̺ĶҲ֮
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еһأȫ֮ʣµЩҲڲǻˣ˼жкĶϡ
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һصĳ磬ܵڣҲ֪жڴ󲿷˵ӡУɽ磬Ϊſ鳬½ԼСʹ½
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أǷʿƿշ֮󣬳ɽĵطʵϣʱ̣ʿɽκһɽķΧԽԽЩءɺҲԽԽ˭һСķЩشĴˡϵʿԣڲϵķչУвٴˣһأ½ʿȷ
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صĹЧʿ֮⣬Թɽ·˵ɽ磬Ҳֻнأ·ϾڷʿԣڷʱΪִ˼ޣſƿǸռ䣬Ȼﶼԣɽԣһпռ䣬ι̵ĿֲǽһҲûյҪ½磬ȻҪĵط
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һžžĹըҲЩ֣֮ӵط
ͬʱ⣬ˣٴͬʱۡ
۷壡
ڽˣ֮ʱΪϢȴ޷ѹƣȻױ˲۷
۷壬½磬Ҳǿˣǲ֪Էϣûʲôֵ䱦
ϣһϣаɡ

Էٴα˴˶ӣЩڴ
ȻԷʵǲʲô½磬Ҳѹβٺöɣʲô
һ뵽ǣĨһ˿Ц
פظصˣΪϣֻΪÿһշΪлòٺô
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ЩޣΪЩͶӵмǿƻȴûжԼϲƻɱ¾ǺЩı
ȻЩײƶЩޣȴᾭεɽĳǳ֮⣬ɱ¾ɼһл
Ҳ͵ˣڳǳ֮ҪһЩ԰ȫ·ͼ
ȻڣҲд󣬵ôһոշʿʹôأ
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Ҫ֪Щ϶ǰװ׵֪
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ӰڵĶŹ֡
ۺĵһֱ̣ǰؿȥȿԭľֵֵѾɱɾԪԪֵ󣬶ŹȻһЦӴָȡһۣϣɵ˳⡣
У࿴˳⣬վӰ
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һڣһɺڣһɨŹӿһƬЦ⣬ǰվ΢΢һʩЦŹּλˡ
Ź֣⻰УǸųˣֱһЦ¶һ˿Ц⣬ĵ־λǷɳ
һϣǷҲӹ˻֪ŵѣɽǰţеĻҶҲø֪ŵǰȥ
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ɲ֮־ԼˣͽЦ⣬ʼù°߲
ʼ˼ôܰǰһƨƨ

Ҳʱ嫵ɽУһûб߼ʵӴ½룬һΰɸһڱչǱ޵ӣؾۡ
ϣֱӾӿֳһ˿ϲɫ
ѶƣѶƵϢٶˣû뵽ٶ֮гѶƵ½ʿɽ磡ϣûԪ̥
ԺпһͷֱӾʹӵػһϲ뿪˱չڵңٶǰΪѰԪ̥һ̺ϢѶƣ͸ٽأɢ½硣
ΪЩѶƣƣڸµӰȻܱӦ
Ȼʱһ˿ӦرȴоԵİգٶȣ͸طҵԷڵλá
һ뵽ԷϿܳԪ̥Ӿͳ׼
һҪǳдѶƵļһٶȣڼ䣬ܳκ⣡˵ɱˣ


388 ţСѶҶ
ٶˣһǰԼ۰ͻȻ˸ף̲סһŭ
ǹŭָ޴йΪ׵䣬ȫһ⣬ǻЩ֮εУ뱨뷢йҲĿ꣡
ͷβһϴƻ׳˿ʩչʹùһЩϣһ˿֮⣬ֻȫѰҲ֮
ֻһ˿ҪҲʵϼѣɽ磬֮⣬Ļãʵ֮⣬ҪҲ޼ƿʩֻɽѰͬʱ½緢ѶϢѰͬԸ׵Ԫ̥
ֻٶ꣬Ԫ̥ûһ˿䣬ҲʵƵ˼ޣҲֱڣ͵ķ֣Լƿգɢ½ѶƣȻһţͻȻɽʱҲĳ׼ˡ
ƵˣûԪ̥ҲҪܿģѶԷ
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Щ򣬱ǳͬһǧ󣬶ǧɽõ֮һ
ǧģص΢طһȷͬ䣬ԿԾȷޡ
½ĽأСʹ½ֻܹأ֪ϢԺ˫һƬ˸ٴóһŴѶ򣬾Ϳʼϵ½ϵͳ

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ϾɽȻҲµʿټķ磬ʿɽĻκһͳߣῴɽĻĨɱڽڣû˸ɱʿȻһ֣;Ի֮ء
Ҳ־ͷˣҲٸŹֽɽ絮һУԼЩ޵ΣԣڣΪöŹ־ܵĽı˻ϧ˲Щ޵ʵڶ˿ݳĽǣûһȫ·ͼǻֻҪ̤ͻʬҰ
һк־ͷˣտڣĿתĿ˶Ź֡
Ź֣Ƭּ̣һɫ¶ʱһЦû뵽û뵽һ̤ɽ磬Ȼͻ£թ
ɫǻǰˣǲ㹻ĴۣԷͲ·ͼ
Ц֮󣬶Źſˣλɳɷ֪ĳôܻЩȫ·ͼ
Ȼǰɣʵϣв󣬵Ҳֻǳɽ磬ûҵ֮ǰǾײ¶˵ĺã½ʱɱ˰ˣⶼǰһ˰ɡ
ҲĻ־ͷˣֳЦˡ
ƷЦУ־ٴοڣֱֱŹ֡
⻰ȴֱӾöŹһȻĿˣҲҿڰƷͨĴʿԣǲõóҪ֪ǰټһңʮҲʮļиֻļƷ
Կ½磬̶ˣڣԷȻҪƷ
ȻڴʱԣƷʲô֮ǰҲʱϢ˵ͷҲô˵׳װ
Ǻǣλɳ²˵Цɣһ·ͼȻҪƷȻ֮󣬶ŹҲһ˿ŭ
٣Ʒһܱ·ͼ㻹ʲô˽ӹֱЦſڣȻǸղʨӴ󿪿ڡ
Ҫ֪Ʒɽ磬Ҳֻɲռɺɼ˭ƷǻҪôʵҪôǱд֧ţãҲǰշʿƷ˼۸񣬲źþܰѹեԷǣ
ǲҪҲԣֱӴ߳ȥ˵ãһֻҲײĵִǳصشء־Ҳ󣬹Цſڡ
ɣɴ󣬻һЩȫ·ͼɽ½ǳ֮ĻҰУǻ治ţԷ߳ȥ
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Ҳʱһž죬ȴֱӴഫƺʲô˵ϣһ춯̾;ڽֵˣ󣬵תͷȥʱȴ͵ķ֣࣬ͨһƫſڣһɫӰֱֱˤ˵ϡ
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ڲǰȴͻȻõĴѶټһѶϢڴ˴λڴ½ĽڣһСѸյִɽ磬Ҫ·ѶԷ
һӵϢ·׼ˣƽһΣֱ
ǱֱŰ£Ķ̶ʱڣ·ԽԽԽԽ˷ܣľģһҪúдλСѣԺý˻ᣬ£ӡ
ȴû뵽޼޵ļУһִͨ־Ǿ䡰թľ㡱ıס
ֻˣǱթĶ˵СѣܱΪСѵģǲܶԷǺΪʲôԭ򣬶һ˿ģڡ
ɲǼ䣬˼һ֮·־ŭûѹסͻȻñߵϢӲӣֱˤ˵档
ȻҲ֪פؽˣȽ϶񶾵թЩûûʵĳˡ
ɱҲ̫˱˰ɣСѣթ


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ýֺͷҲ֪ǰˣ汻һһɶ֪󣬻αŭǾڶֵ֡
һΪʲôˣҲôһƬ̣ڴ޷ֲѡ
־ŭֱǱߵ˼㣬·ǿѹ±ߵĳ嶯һѹ·ҵԪ͵شԭһԾ
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ҲǵʱŹֲŴľѣҲû뵽龹Ȼת룿
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ˣסˣ״½ܼ֮Ҳȫĳǳأ򣬸ʲôϮﶨӵģҲֻʵˡŻʸ񡣡
Ҳɽ磬ĳǳ֮һˣﹺ򡢳ԼĶȵȡڳڣ˶÷Ȼͻᱻµ׷ɱˣطǿУֻҪܶǣͿʱѡ
վڴڣǰԼɼĸߴǳأԼҴĽ·ٴЦŽͣһ·ÿһأŹֽһصĴ
ŽͣŹҲĿң͹㳡ϣҲ˷࣬ڹ㳡һ࣬һӺˣ߮ʱָ߰Ŀ⣬ɨˡ
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ڣȻ鴫ֻټĳǳһţƫƧش߮ӣȻͳϽ͵ΪҪɺڡ
֮̾󣬶Źڴ·Ĵ죬ۡȥ
ĳȻرңԶ಻ҷɵ̫죬ֱƬ֮󣬲ŵִɸ֮ǰ
·ͨɸڣܿ߳һĸߴθˣڡ
һɨŹȴǺȻ֣θˣֵȻǾԪ400Ԫ173896
ʮԪֵɺڣǻǣһ붼ǰΡҪ֪Ź7000ֵѡ
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ɽǿߣԪֵȻһʮ֮࣡
ھ޴ֵ£˧˵ӣֱӱ˹ȥ
ǺǣС񡣡ԶŹֵĲμȴһ֣󣬲΢΢ЩڴЩŵŹ֣أСӦ֪˴ǰΪ⣬֪
ܲڴţϾŹǵһֳƵѶʿԷûԪ̥Ҳ˵
ڴɫŹ΢΢һ㶣ֱȡԪ̥Ԫ̥
ʹʱԪ̥Ͳ˿ʣȻԷѾʣǻǲ˿ˡ
һ仰ǰһ˿ڴͽ֮⣬Ϊص׾ŶŹУһݣ׼
ǣһͨɫֻڶ˲ƬΧ£ĺҶҶ֮䣬һ״Ӥ̥һĹŹֲһȥһԺɫ֣һ͸Өı̥
Ԫ̥ãããֱֲӾͱһЦǶãˣֽƽƺҲûһ˿ֻƽȵĿŹ֣СѣʲôԾᣬֻҪĵһҲ֪ĳŵֻһϣϧλᣡ
Ź룬ŵ£ԣϣõοͨ˳Ļᡣ
ͨ˳Ļ᣿仰һ̣Żָƽȵףֱһ˿ɫʵ˵ǰǧ룬Ҳû뵽Ź֣˵ոշˣҪģӦʵɽĵλȵȣҲѾ׼ŹΪ߱ƽҲᾡȫȥȴôҲû뵽Էֻͨ˳Ļᡣ
ɫһţȴֻΪԷ
ϾΪͨףǳ̫ˣѶȣ˿ڻԪ̥ꡣ
ٴγĬƬ̣ԶŹֵעӣײŲòڵҲûվҲ֪ͨ˳ĵҩ챦̶ȣ˿Ԫ̥ɽȻҲ챦಻ֻʵܻõġ
仰ŹֲҲЦ
ٴοڣǱ¿ɷ֪ɽ磬ʲôָλã
ݣһЩ֮ڣλãȰ㻹ģֻнϵˣʸ̤졣
׵Ǻֱӿʼ˽͡
ͣȴֱĨɱŹֵͷ˵⻰ŵǽ㣬һȻҲ̽ʲôʱˣʱ
Źֳ׿Цˣֻнϣ̤죿ңȻҲǴ죬Ϊ޷á
ѵҲһҪֵ
ǴǰԪ̥ݸԷҲֻ˵ûоԵİգδؾǲǺǣлµĺ⣬һϣпܣΪ£ȡ÷ݡ
ǺãҾΪղ˵Ļʲôʱı⣬ʱұ⣬Ҳö룬ڣͷȫͬƺ֪ŹɻʲôڽӹԪ̥󣬵Ὺڣֽһ䡣
ֵͷ˿еԪ̥ŵʱ䣬ڱס£⣬ڣʱȥ㰲š
Ҳ˵ĹԴ֮⣬ؾ̤һӰǰӭӶŹֵǸżθӡ
μ£ֱ̤֮һݣڡ
Сȥһס⣬ʱڣ˶ôű׵˵ͷֿһ۶Ź֣͵ʧԭء
ŵѣ룡ȥ̬תһƽĿŹ֡۵ףһ˿ɫ
Ŀ̾̾һֱĹʺˣȻõԪ̥ȻɵΪҪǾΡ
ڣһɣҲһֻƽʱ࿴ʸûУڣȴòһ⻹ǡ
ʺ˰
ˡŹȻ֪˼ȴҲܸܵԷ΢΢Ҳûж˵ʲôֻ˳ĻЦŵͷ
ȻѾˣݣֲһʱƬܵõǾֻʱˡ
˲ȥټһ밲һסŹ齣ҲǼ򵥷ǳ
ֻƬ̺󣬶Ź־ͱһõıԺڡ
Ժ󣬵ȥõȴܾ£͸©һ֮ٺסŹֲſѯˣγɾ
ȻѾֻнϵʿ̤죬ҲҪһԡ
Ҫȥһ£ͱҪ㹻Ϊ
ԶŹֵѯû˿ĽɺɵĲ
ɣյǹ֮һʩչؼ䣬ͻֻʣһֹ֮һУᱻǿĹ֮ų⡣
ֹ֮ӦõģؼԭеĹ
ɵȴǷ֮УǴ죡
һ򵥵ӣһջ֮ɣһջ֮ܵɣһƬ֮УʩչԵ
ɣɿ԰ѱɻ𺣣ǻ֮򣬵ֹĵǶԷԭĹ֮һĹ֮ľصıͻὥָԭ״
ϾԭֻǱʱɢһ֮ɢͻָԭ״
˵ֹʱԵģ޷־á
һɣʩչ֮ôôͻ᳹׵ףΪ𺣡
ֻҪʩչһη֮ڳͷţΪѾѵصĻ׸ıĳΪʺϻ֮桢ܵĻ
ǹ֮ͷ֮ӣһĿȻ
սߵĲ࣬һǼ󼫴Ϊ֮ͷ֮һʵı仯
ͺñͨڣȽɣȻյĶǹ֮ɣڴڣһȥƺֻں˾űĹ֮һʵϣһһ¡
һɣ˵ӦԾŸˣǾʮ⡣
ʱ䣬ɣɵʱ䡣
һɣԼĹ֮ɱɷ֮Ψһ;֮
֮ڣ̺γһӣֻõִ۷ˣͻ֮Ϊһ壬ٳ׽ṹЩӣΪγ磬ôγ硣
У죡
ҲĽͣŹ£ŽַһƬ죬У˵ɾˣѾ˴
磬ʧûֻҪһ֮ɣǰȥʩչһշԺֻҪ⣬ͻñʺ棬ʺĵش
ϵ˰ӵ޾Ԫ˸Ĵ֮


391 Ǿ͵ſЦ
ŵҪɾǰȥڵĻڵɽ磬ֻиͷдĻ֮طڣҪͨɣִɽ羡ͷѰһ֮ǺûʲôԼÿһдʹ½дŻ֮ĻԹɼͻơ֮žŹ֡
ע£ŹҲһЦл˵Ľ󣬲֪ǵĻȻɾҪ֮ǶĳҲȥһ¡
ɡƺ֪ôһʣĽӹȥ
У£ȴһ˿Ū֮⡣
˳޵йʺ˵ļһΪ̤ɾô׵ô
ȻĶڽйɵʱû˿٣ⲻʾûлϷŪǰϰɡ
ղŵûнһص㣬Ǿ۷壬ںϻ֮ʱѺѣҪͻ֮ںϡ
Ԫھȵȣȫս֮£һطûкͻ֮ںϣʧܡ
Ҫκһˣÿһ֣ƿء
˵ûķɣһٸˣ²ҲֻһˣһС
ЩķͼɣˣǱܽᣬоãÿĸ߲СÿΪоĳɹͬյļɣЧϣ
֮ܣȻƵطҾǶļɣûЩɽ
ȻǼɣҲ޷ٷְٱ֤ɺͻ֮ٷְںϣҲİա
ڣںϵļɣǴҪģؼں֮ں״̬£γȵṹ֮һУһӶּѵḶ́ȫֻܿʿĸûκνݾ
̣ûһصľ飬޷ɡ
Щص㣬ڸղᶼûᣬΪЩǰһ
ϷŪһѡ
Ϊһýɣ࣬ɽȨƣһʱڣͶɺڵӣͳ˧
ݣĵλȴҪһϰļһ£ûһζ
ζǲмӣǶʼɡ
ҪϷŪŹ֡
ϾЩС£ڵһ̤ʱЩǱ޴ֶѡ
Ϸˣ֮ٸЩɾˣȫ˿⡣
㱻֪Ҳ˵κл
ŵĳŪ֮⣬ܿŶŹԽĳִһӴĹ㳡ǰ㳡࣬һΰӴռǧ﷽ԲĹټĹڸˣؽڹ㳡ܣ߮һ\ˡ
һڹ㳡ϣѲ˵صǶ\ˣ̾͸
μͳˣ
Уʮ˶Ϊһˣӿڵ֪˼ٻкҪ£
ڣлˣͳ츺ͳϽЩ\ڼԷȻ˿ҵ
ڲΰУҲЩɻôпҪֻ֪ɽɵĳ
ˣŵѣǰǻֻҪȥͿԽӴ֮ˡԶԷԼѯʣֻһ֣ͲٶתĶŹֿڵ
һ仰̾ʮ\ˣȫɫ𶯣ȫЩɲĿŹ֣һ˭ȻǰҲδ̫˰ɣ
лˡŹֿ˿ǰӴĵãžٴЦʩһֿ˿ʮ\ˣֱֱ
ҲֱŹңңʱΪ׵\ˣҲ̲ס㵣СĵƳһ۵ˣĪǱµġ
ȷһɣҪڶѣȻǿƵǰͣʵ̫ˡһʱ䣬˵Щɣ᲻ãƵǣҲǵôһð
Ҳ\˵ʻһֱƽ޲ӣ¶һ˿ĳŪЦ⣬ֻһ˵ļһˡ½磬ҵԪ̥ű࿴ġ
һ仰ֱʮȫһƬȻԪ̥
˲Ϣ֮ʮˣҲǳ׻ȻˣҲͬ˼һ㣬ҲʵǸһĳʺˣ𾪵ֻʣ¸пˡ
ԭԪֲ̥á
һɣȻΪһԪ̥¿УҲʵ̫ˣ
١

ЩػˣͶɺڣҲûʸõշڣһմ½ʿֱӵõĹգҲʵζӡ
вĶʼɣԼĽ
ɼٶʼɣĽҲٶ˵ʲôϾˣʸ˵ʲôô
Ϊӵĳ࣬һΪ˲ͻȻֹĶˣѾˣһʱƬ̣Ӧòǲ֪
ǺǣҾŶԷʻڳЦˣǼһӦǱİɣҪ˼죬ָ޴ʱԾͻͷĳһʱ⣬Բ⡣
Цȴʮ\ٴһ԰ͳ˵ЦйŹ֣
΢΢Ƭ̣˲ػһͳҲǼһ￿׵õµ࿴ŰֶΡ
ȻԷһأ˵վ
ɲ֮˾;Щ˹Էһôںϻ֮ļɶ֪ȥԺ󣬿϶ǱһͿ޴֡
һ뵽Щʮ\ˣҲЦˡ
ٺ٣Ӣֻǿλļһ͸øɫơ
ǰôãԵһ棬һֻһɣȻҪͳԽӴֱǻ̫ˡ

һЦ֮У\ˣҲԽԽڴһǼһǱģ

Ҳ磬ȴĿЦʱ
ڣŹǰһƬãã޻һܰһ𣬲Ļ֮ȴ΢΢ЩȻ
ԭΪҲӦһģȴû뵽⾹һصĵش
ݹȫŻ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
˴ӵڣͷ·ͨһͷֲָҹĻһ㣬ܵĻ֮ʲôܲ
Щ磬Ҳأһʵ֣ԪھȣСΧӦⷶΧǷԲףڣ㷢ôǿϢЩȫգ˿ݡ
ˣͿԿ׵ĸӦΧһңѾռݵĵشȻѰһλܿʼڡ
һк󣬶ŹٴЦˣ֮ǰ˵ڸֻһԣʵĽȴǼõģȻڵԪھЩ֮ǲںϣȵĽ⹹ڵһӣô
ֻҪԭҺڣǾ;Բ⣡
ԪھͶǾ˵ͨԭҺͿ԰Щ֮Ȼ⹹ˣֱ̫ˡЦУŹ˿֪ղűλݵĽһѣֻǷſӦһѰһڵĿеش


392 һ޷
Źû˿ںϻ֮طͼɣҲ֪ںⶫмɿѭϵԭҺ˵ǿ
΢΢飬һƬУҵһտĵشŹֱӾȡԭҺӽС
Ҳֻһ˲䣬ڵԪھȫüȻԾ

ֻǶ̶Ƭ̣һ˿˿һƻ֮ͱսڣǣֻҪھתЩ֮ͻ
Щ֮ױ鲼󣬶ŹֲͻȻеǰһһ䣬һָӵĳ磬ͳǰ
·ʧȥһ㣬ֻԹߵĽǶȣۿڵһС
ˣѾֺͻȫΪһ״̬
еŹһϲ
һ磬һ磬ֻǻδε磬Щ磬ΪѾ׺Ϊһ壬δ͵磬ݻ޵С
ҪģǴԹߵĽǶȣۿЩĻӣγ磡
һιۿǾͿԲٿػӣ¿ʼڶΡ
ֻһĦḶ́ؼҪ˼ӣԴлø
⻹ֻܿ˵֡
Źֵ֣ǺǿԭҺ£Ĵԣȴһֱֲٶӡ˼ɡܽᡣ
ʮ֮ԭҺǿԹЧ£һͻƵϢ̾ͶŹڣط
ͻˣƾԭҺĻãֻʮӣʮԭҺǻ֮ԳƵݻĹУǳݻ˿Ҫ죬ϸϸݻһıǨܣȻ˼ĦܽᣬҪңջ񣬵Ź֣ӣͿһ̡
ǣͨɣҪһصĸ򣬶ԣǱС
ͻ֮Ҳ̷Լһֹ֮Ѿɱ˷֮ŷ֮ǿ󣬶Źû˿ֹͣһοʼ˿ٵĹĦ
Ҳֻʮ֮һͻƵϢٴδڷ

⣬ҲҿһֱڴܵĻ֮УǿϢҲףͻᱻ糹գȻͻƵʣ²ҪһƬҡ
ɾûлңڻУŹЩļɣҲһ˿ס
ףΧĻ֮ôϡһЩ

֣ȻɣͻƽʱΪķ֮ǹ֮ͻ֮ĽϣԻ᳹תһЩ֮Χͻƣջ֮ʱ⸽֮䱡Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ô£

ĬĬУͻȻΧĻ֮ϡ˲ֹڸɣЩˡ
⼸˼ɻһͻ֮ĶŹ֣Ҳ
΢˼֮󣬲Լڵķ̺֮Ż֮ЩȻʧЦ󣬸ֱһŨĵشȥ
ʱܵĻ֮ϣ¶յһƬǲǲϾɽ磬ֻײɣЩֶΣܲ©ǲ©ĺá
ټһռǧ﷽Բľǻ֮һǹһطҲʵ̫ˡ
ܿ죬Ź־ҵһµĿտشʼ
Ҳ£ʱʧֱպֹ֮һȫɱ˷֮
һͻϢŹֵ壬ٴοʼ˷츲صı仯
žž
һƬУ̥Ǵʹ࣬Źžϲķ֣Լֵ˷ٵ
Ԫ10000.1Ԫ10000.1
ɲֵֻǧַһη츲صı仯ϲĪġ
ɣϵˣ˵ͷһѷ֮һشõռѷ죬ֻͷһֻ֮һԭûϣһûøʽӶɱǻ
һƬϲУŹֻһ·֮ĸǳѹ˼ʼ̤֮ȥ

⡣
ʱ䣬Ѿӵ޾Ԫ˶ԣգۼţǶվԭأʮ\ˣһǹңȺŶŹ֡
ǼһûļɺͷҪͻ֮ȫΪһ壬ֱ̫ˣڣһνӴ֮ˣӦ޴֡
ǶԷ棬Ӧþһֱʵ飬νӴ֮ˡ
ٺ٣ȥǼһڽͷöģһ붼ý
ǰϧûзֽĻ֮ǣҲ޷Ӧ̽⣬˭֪ʲôطϧ

ż\ҲԽԽڴԷ߳ʱʲôģˣϾ滨ѵʱԽ֤ķѵ;ҲԽ࣬ȽһĽŸ˿⡣
ȻǺͶŹֲû϶ͳޣǼһĳȴ̫˼ˡ
ǶʼɶŹֵھܺϹϵҲʹСֶˣԣȻʲôû˵£ҲΪȥŹǱӡ
Ҳ£ͻȻִӻڳֵһӰ̾ȫһϲѹ¸µĿ⣬תΪһɫĿ˶Է
ԷϾǼģõһŵȻǿ԰ԷȴҲ̫ĳ
ֻĿԷɫʱȴȫ͵һ㶡
һôһЦ⣿԰ӦǱӣĪκεô
У˻㶼ΪԼˣȱ˴˶һۣǰȥʱǸһһЦʱųײˡ
ЦѵǸһطɣҲܺͻ֮Ϊһ壿
ЩܰɣҪ֪ɾܺͻ֮Ϊһ壬һٸҲδһ
һѵҲˣ

ʣˣڣŶŹֵɫЩȻ
ǣҲʱŹڵִ˼ǰ
Ǻǣлһ·ָ㣬ĳ̤ڣչһݡִＸǰ󣬶Źֲ֪˵ҲЩлһУԾͳŶԷһ
Ҳֻһ仰ɻͿ̾ˣ׾ȫˣȫһ׷ײ˼Ķ˶Ź֡
ʲôû˲ںϻ֮״̬һͿ絽ڣ
ŽӴ֮죬̤ɣʲôЦںϻ֮ļɣӵгǿһˣҲҪʱ䰡ˣֻ죿
һʱ䣬еˣڣɲǼ϶һ˵ѣڣֱӷϢȥӦŹֵΪ
ĸӦŹΪĲ̽йһַ֮
ͳˡ
ڣһԭӢͦգҲ͵ؾͿʼ˾ҵĳ鴤
ɣһʲôɶûУ̤ɾ
Ҫ֪ǣ˳Ҫ£Ϊ˿һ󰡣˼ػ֪ˣһڵſЦȴû뵽˲ֹͻڣĵһʱ䣬л
²ЦɣɲǼ䣬ֻľǶŹֵ˵棬ݺϳһƵأۣ˿޷
ڣٴμŹϵĵЦʱֱӾǰһڣûιȥģһΣǶϼˡ


393 ЩӦ
ÿŵѲÿЩӦġĲ㱻Ҳòһȿ޻ѿЦݣӦŹֵĵл
Ǻ޲ֱڸضȥҲ¶˲źá
ЦŻӦ͵ĳɨʮ\һۣŶԶŹֵȻŵѾ̤ڣǾͻȥɡ
ҲãŹҲ΢΢ȻҲɵӣԷɣԼĵл֮󣬱ƺе㲻Ծ
Цŵ˵ͷȥ
Ҳڷе;УԭһֱЩͻȻתŶŹֵŵѣ㻹֪ɾʿΪɡ
ָ㡣Źֵȷֻ֪֪ķ֮Ҫ֮Ϊһ壬ȻЩγḶ́ӦúЩЩ
ԼĲ²⣬չûжԷĽ˵꾡
ǺǣʵŵҲӦ룬ڵķ֮Ҫϵĸ򡣿˵۷壬̤ڵָֻСɣֻһĸ飬֮
ңγķ֮Ҫ򣬾޷Щ֮ˣԼķ֮Լʵ磬ȻԼһ򡣲ܼԴ⡣
ָ򣬱ȴͻƽʱĸҪЩΪڳڵʱ򣬿Ժͻ֮Ϊһ壬ݻЩγḶ́ǿһظԼգʵɽʱܱߵһУȴǨǰߣ˵Ƕ̬򣬺ߣȴǾ̬򡣡
Źһģͷڵ
⣬Ǻ֮ǰŹģЩͬ
ԭΪ֮ӦñȻһ˿ķЩ
緲ĸı֮Ѿλõһ˿ıֻҪһ˿ıͻࡣ
֮ҲˣֻǶЩķʱˣⶼѺס
ȴû뵽֮ǻûЩԽѡ
ǿ϶࣬ûʱǶ̬вǲתͿ죬һο壬ͿԹۿڶΣΣֱ׿ΪֹȻࡣ
̬ȴûвѶȣҲǴࡣ
ͺñһȭ㣬ѧϰȭʱмΪ꾡Ƶ̳̣ģ£ѧźʲô̶̳ûˣֻѧȭϣԼȥֱƺȭ
ףֱһĿȻ
ԭҺ֣Ҳ˵ܿΪ
ǣΪҪһַһ֡
ŹֵĳĬһԵĽ͵ͻȻЦˣֻһ˿̺Ц⡣
ʵŵҲģ޾Ԫ˵ֻҪܼȥܹһġңʵڲУɵķ֮˵ҪһݾѰġ
ݾûвЦ⣬Ź͵ľתͷԷ
ǽݾ֮һֻĴ֮ôֻҪҵ֮һһ䣬ȻͻᱻȻֽݾֶΣЩΣաô࣬ŶŹ仰أܿͻش˽ݾ
֮٣ĵطٴڣɽҲ⣬ǳ״½һƬɺ쳾֮أɽչɽ磬ɺ쳾֮أͷкܴĲͬضŵҲ֪ɺ쳾أֻγ٣ɽɺ쳾֮أΪȷ߶࣬γɵ٣ֹ١Ǿȫ
ޣͬо֣һߵޣߵ٣˵ˣǴΣգõǣߵޣɺ쳾֮ֻҪ̫룬Ͳ£Χ֮أһҲֻһټޡ
ޣҲֻܲٿص٣һοԲٿʮʮѾڵĵ٣ɶɵѹಢֻ̫ҪСһЩֻЩ֮ݻԼµʵ磬һδƶͿԿΪ
ڽϣ£ؾһ˿ڴŹˣ;ѶȺٶԱһݾǾ᲻գ
ֻҪȥ;ԻҪһÿʲôЦղڻ֮⣬Ǳ˸̫ˡ
ֶҪԷѿµģýɵӣ˾ǶˣǶôףȻҪֻ
ȻڣŹ֣͵͵°ӣǾûġ
ղһУģû˿ԣֻҪŹָȥǾ;ԻдӣʱɼͬȥһЩ޵һ࣬ǾԻǱһͿ
ȻҲŹ֣ٴЦȻĳչ˶ŵѣŵҪȥĻĳʱһƷʱ򣬾ԿԱ֤ѵİȫ
仰ʱҲȡһƴףӭһǣͱʺϳ˴ļθţԼôź˾ԻĶһΪԼİ
ʵϣȴ¶ע⣬ֻҪǰȥɺ쳾֮أԼԿԱ֤ȴЩֽţƷֻܷƷʱһҪŹּëѼѪԼǿɡ
ҲǵʱŹֲų˶ԷһУĽ˵ҲЩ
֮ĽݾȻ٣
ֻҪٴݻٷ֮һһͿǿ
ֱҪ̫ˡ
ڣɺ쳾֮أɽɺ쳾֮أȻ̺һŵޣ
һֱһֱǿֶ֮һٵʹϣҲмĿգǾմٵʱĵʱ̫̫һ٣Ҫʱ䣬ڰ٣Ҫʮ꣬ڵھ٣Ҫٶ꣬ⶼһʱ䡣
ֱոߵ٣Ǵʱ䣬Ȼ࣬Ȼڵʵ²ҲֻɱĵޣɾĵޣҲʡ̫̫ʱ䰡
ԽԽԽԽ˷ܣŹ󣬿л˸֪ĳһС
Ȼ֮ǰҲԷʱ̬Щڼ䣬ʲô֪£ڣллҲǺܳϿҡ
ŶŹּĵлҲЦˣһȻϹˣ⵹Ҳֵ֣κһɣһɳΪʱҲѵֵסջ
һƬЦУŵŵѲÿбµЩĳӦġ
ĵ£ȴһסת
ٺ٣Ϲͺãȵɺ쳾֮أһñˣҾͲȻ٣֮ҲĿɵΪôֻ᣿͵һֱ˲ɣ


394 һ㣬ֱ̫ɰˣ
㼸ȷŹֻȥɺ쳾֮أͻƣҲû̴ȥöŹֶһЩ׼Ϥһ׼ȥǼƷΪڣٴδص
⣬ǶŹҪ׼ãԼҲҪ׼һ£һЩŵȸϵɺ쳾֮أźøŹְ°ӡ
ź֮ȥϸ֪Ź֣ǼƷ÷Ч
ϾǲֱӱŹֻǳ裬߶ԣ½ʿϽˣһЩˣʱз
̫ҪķϽȥҲδطģʿǣͻʹһֶֶΣ跨
ǷӵߣʱѹԼԷĿȨ˽ȻЩƾķͿõļ
ȻӵߣҪʹʲôֽţƷͿͨЩķʵ֡
ҲȻڸŹֵЩطȫֽŵġ
ٺ٣һŴ½ʿǿҲӴһЩƷѣδǷ͵ģֽţʱҲ֪
˼ȶŹֳֶ֮ЦҪһǰȥɺ쳾֮ء
ʵϣ֪ڶŹ˶֮󣬺ܿͲˣԷķףʵ෢ӵƷĳ̶ȡ
ϾǰֹǽӴƷô򵥣ĳ̶ֳȿƷɱ񱮣ˣƷƷҲС
֮ĲҲù
²˹Ź֣ŹȴҲû˵ʲôϾûף΢֪ɺ쳾֮ȥȥҲȥλýɣӴͳСϷ
ϴΣҽʱĹŹַӦֽŵƷ٣һζԿ٣ӦЩҲܵвֻҪǰᣬҾͲΣա
룬ŹȴĬĬһЦ͵ͷͬ
뿪ǣյת;иط·߷Уô˽ʮյ·ڵִһƬޱߵĺƵش
ˣɺ쳾ˣŵѣҪмǣ̫ԶԺ󣬾ͻдеޣǾǱɣҲ̤㡣
ǰޱߺƣ΢΢պһ۾ЦŶԶŹֵ
Ҳͬʱһ¶ɺ쳾ڣԭεŵʮˣȫɫһݡ
ˣ
ͳ˵ѶţѾǾ˵ĿѾˡ
ʮˣµɣ֮ܣֵֻһڶٵĵشεֻҪСĹܴޣǲ˿Σա
Щɣһʮǰͳ˷󣬾ȫȤζЦˡ
̫аˣôǿ߻һأǶһɼļһһȥʵЩ˼飬˴ʱҲ֪ǸͳļһǴԪ̥Ѱұµĳ˶ǰᣬֻҪµˣû˻ĶԸǼһ
дһĻͲֵˡ
ڣЩɣҲǰͲȥʵ֡
Ǹԭ˶жʼֻǻٰˣԶŹϰΪֻǸ̤ɽ磬ܻɽǿ֮һ˵Ҳʵ̫ۺͶʼˡ
ֶʼɣ㲻ۺȥɱ˶ЩӣԳԿǱǱǾԿԵġ
ֻǸڣƶϣ٣вѾӦþشһֻ޾Ϳˡ
ԭƻеٶˣֻҪ㹻شˣٺ١
Ǿ͵ſϷɡشٰ֮һЩһֱڲɱķΧȻҪǱжǱ

øǿڸ֮ڣƳһ޴ʮɣ¶һƬаз
ʵֻֻ޵ĻֻҪĸɾͿˣǰȴΪܼضŹֵһ٣޷ɳ˵ߣ⣬ҲΪ峡
Ͼɽ˶ԣ֮Դ̼֮ܣɺ쳾ΧʱΪȻҪܿһУȻǱ˳˼ƻͲˡ
Ҳɺ쳾ڣʮΪӵʼ˷ʱŹȴҲ΢΢պһ۾
ٴۺЦŽӹĻǺãĳͽȥˣл˵Ľ̻塣
⻰ֱһʧԭأĵ£һЦ
ղţ΢΢۵˲䣬ȴֱӳתƿռ䣬ۿΧĸ߶ֵ׵ľͷ֮ܰڣʮɵĳֵ
һۣǻйǲˡ
ڣѾ²²˶ԷƣʲôˣǲЩͷˡ
ôԣ֮вǱѡ
⣬ֻҪ΢ӣܲ³
˵ŹֻһͨɣȻױԷİóѡ
ʵϣڵ֪Щ֮󣬲ֹգЩϲΪĸֶΣڣ֪һɡ
Ĳ˵£˭õ
ҵ͵ޣûһ˿в
һֻޣһοͬʱٿʮʮ٣һȥƺǲڵĵ٣ǣǸ޷͵ĵᲢۣ
ΪʺȺս
ֻҪЩٻһΪһ壬Ϳѹơ
ڤհʵѹ۷ʱʩչ񱮣ĵ٣ҲѹƵٶȱ仺Ǵʱɵʵȥ߶˵ѹƵˣǵ٣пܡ
ѹƣѹ˵һ´ѹƵͻøǿʱ򣬾ЩصļһֻޣҲֻ񱮵ĹЧۻһֲĳ̶ȡ
ֻҪѹЩ٣ʹٶȱ˵ͬһʱ£춼ţɢųµ٣
ֻҪչٶȣһգһӣһԭҺնٰ
ֱӾͳԭҪļһڰա
֪ǰǶôգÿ٣Ҫƽϼӣܳա
ڣһֱٵƵʣֱˡ
˼֮󣬶Ź˴Цһĳ嶯ź÷йеĿ⡣
ЩһðֱɵֶΣֱ̫ɰˡ
³Цһųʧԭء
ҲŶŹֵʧԭҲһ΢Ц͵һ˿ϲֱɺ쳾ڴѶϢ
ҾͲţһһƽµ߳
ѶϢ£һЦһΣǿڶһԺݺݵ㷢һˣ


395 ˼Ⱥ
ˣʼ䱸
֮޹ȥǵòҪ

ɺ쳾֮ڣʮɣӵѶϢ̾ȫ䱸ԷѾˣǾͿԶˡ
ɣһȫչԼиӦӦܱߵһ춯ֻҪŹֳ֣;Իᱻǲ
󣬵ȶŹɺ쳾֮غ̾ɣӦϢ
졣
֣

һĿ꣬̾ͰѶϢ˳ȥʼ̽ҵޣȷŹǰǴʧʩչ˲ƣҲֱʩչ˲ƣףֻԼٶ˼ޣֱ߷ɶݶѡ
Ȼ̤ɺ쳾ĵһ˲䣬ͱҵɲ
ҲڶȫʱŹȴааһЦȻѾԶǾͲù˼˲ƶˡ
ȻЩһﰵΪǵİ㣬ֻڰæҲиǰᣬҪ㹻ԭҺ
ڣȴֻһԭҺȻǲģЦ֮˲ƶؾͱ߷˼ޣ৵һ֮
Źӣ೹׳˸ɵķ
ֻһɲǣһ̻æ޵ļɣȫ͵ԭء
أǼһôǵĸӦ֮£ʧ
ȷȻӦԶȲѰ㣬ǱϾǰ㣬Ҳ±Ǽһ֪ԸʹֻܿӦȥǸӦɵΪôܱһոսѣ
¾ò˼飬ȼһηӦ֮ɲŹֵϢȫˡ
ʲôЦһȺɣһɣȻûˣ
ǺЦ汻Ҳټͳˡ

ּУʮɣżˣʼڷԲ֮ڣϸŹֵڣɵϸѰ֮ȴһʱʮɣųɵˡ
ˣʮˣȻĸˣ
֮£ֻþΧһɣǰȥ㱨
ԭЦӯӯĵſЦ͵ĽӵϢȴҲ˲ȻֲȻŭûõĶʮɣȻһɣ飡⸽һڵߣҲҪҳ
һ̣ĻҲ͵˼㣬ԼòײץסĻᣬôô׵Ķʧ
˶Ź֣ҲҪûȥٶŹֵϢʮɣֻǶԸһո̤ɵϣô©
û뵽ھȻĳ©Ҳʵ̫˱ˡ
´֮Ҳڵһʱ䣬Ѱ˶ŹֶӰϾһƷڶŹϣһͱѰࡣ
ȥӦǼƷʱȴٴɵˣȻ˿ӦĴڣ

ҲһƬʱɺ쳾֮Χڵʮ֮⣬һӰֱӾͳ˵ء
ӰǶŹ֡
ղ˲ƣǳɺ쳾֮룬˻ȥִⲿ
Ͼ˲ƣҲ޷һԽ롣
ݳȥ֮һÿռ֮ǼƷϢһ߼ű߼ʶݣܿ͵ִʮ֮⡣
ٺ٣ӦѾʼˣʱܻȥҪ㹻ԭҺ˵͵ЦһŹֿչ˶ݣٴԶⲿתƿռ䣬ʼ߶ֵ
һ֮£Χڵĸ߶Ȧྡ
12400
⣬һֻһޣֻܲٿصһ١
1578.10
1987.80
һǸֵ޽ӽ2000ֵŹֱһϲӦþˣԥľͿʼת˶Էֵ
ԸֵεޣҲֵֻǼ֮󣬾ͳװѶԷֵȫ˵ԭҺ
߻һֻ󣬶Źû˿ͣЪܿͳŵڶֻȥ


ɺ쳾ڣһݣֱӾͳһŬѰ࣬ûҵ
΢ŭķʣֱӵһͳˣûС
һȺһβȻŭҲǿ챻ˣԭһжƻĺúõģôͻȻıʣ
Ҳʢŭʱһ࣬ͻȻʹһͳˣҵˣҵˣǸļһھʮ֮ɺ쳾ڡ
һ仰ϵʢŭתΪϲӦԷĵش󣬾ͱ֣ڵģȻǶŹ֡
⵽ô£ǸղôһֱӦȻ¿ϲѣǾôһ֮
Ҳǹ֮һɣʮɣȻ˶ݵľڣԷڣ
ˣڶԿ٣Ҫֻ֪Ҫٳ֣ǧﷶΧڣͼ٣ǵҲʱ޷Ӧɺ쳾ڣʱд٣ҲֻǼһһֱڹ٣Ž͵Ĺȥ
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ǵʵٵȷƵٵѹ£ǽɣҲʱʧȥӦҲУֻĿӣܹ۲һС
ȻʻЩףϾҲÿʱÿ̶ôһֱҲԷϢڣЩƺҲûҪˡ
ֻҪҵԷͺã
Ǻã֣ѹͷһ˿ɻ뿪ɺ쳾֮أһΣȴٴˣһֱӦŶŹ֮صϢ
ĻʮղűѵľƵɣҲŭˣһηɢǰϣɣֱӾͿʼޡ
ļһȻǱ
һֻްɣشĴҲʱ־
Ǻãֻޣ

ŭУ̿ʼ޵Ӱܿ죬ӰʹֻŭޣŹ֣ҲֱҪԷĿӷΧӰһתԼΪֲٶȣȫʧ˵ء
ޣҲףϾޣϵֻ֮Ҫɺ쳾֮ڣκβڽƺٵĴڣᱻ޹ֻҪյŹָٿٶȰЩޣͿˡ
𡫡
Ҳʧ˲䣬ֻޣȫһͣͱŭĺѰҸղŵӰעˣǲٷָղŵӰֻޣͶͬʱ˶Ź֡
һֶŹֻ֣ޣٴŭһ볯ǰȥûʲô̶ĳĿֻ꣬Ҫٺͽƣһǵĵˡ
˵ĹУһٵֲĵ٣ֱӾ޵ǣХǰΨһĿȥ
ٵ٣ֻǵ٣ɲ֮䣬ҲֱӱһɻصϢΪԿˡ
ֻɲǼ䣬ڵΧеһϢ
ҲͬʱԶǧ֮⣬øԵĸӦϢȺһĴ٣׼Źڵֱ˶µʮɣΧȫЦˡ
һٵ٣ҲȵϰˣһΣǼһҪˣ̫ˣ
Ⱥľʵ̫˼ˣ
һЦУ£ȫ͵ĳһϴĶ


396 ĸЩɣ
Ⱥ裬Ⱥ裡
һ٣ֱ˶УѰѵе׳ɢеһУ˺飬һƬӴĵشֻʣһһ١
Ϊ⼫ΪֲһĻˣ̲סһЦ¸һƬ
ȺĶŹ֣ڼһĻȴҲǼЩ
һΣô١
һȫǵ٣ֱһ
ȵ˷УŹֻ˲伤񱮣ԼԪױ񱮵ѹƹЧ
䡫
һ˲䣬ƺһεˣֱ˶ϣɲǼѹһ͵Ķһ½壬񱮵ѹЧΪѹһĿֱ꣬̾ǿһ֣˲Ϣ˵ڶ
ֻɲ֮ؼе׽٣ȫѹƵ͵Ļ
滺ʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
һɼʿȫʩչٶȣжôֲ΢һʱöԷ£˵ɣǶŹӵָĳ̬ʱ䣬಻ֻһߣǱŹơ
ѰѵԭҺ˿Уѹס׵ٶȺ󣬶Ź˶һƬӰֱֱһס
ۡۡۡۡ
һܼ죬ֱӾڲӰط𣬾ֽܼ̣ûз϶ÿһ춯ķеٵףͻɢһ
ֻһ֮һ죬ԭʵнףʣһ֮⣬ͳױϴ˸һɶβʣ
ڣֱʱЩޣû˵࣬Ͼ񱮵ѹڣǵٶȣǿɲ
ڿٵ֮󣬶Ź£ӿһƬϲհһԭҺٵ٣ƽʱҪķѺüҲռȫİ
Ȼ˷ܣŹֻǱ侲ͷųһǰ߸·õƷӲ׼һ׵Ĺ
Ͼٹ֮ǻըѵģٵ׽٣һ춯ûУԶЩļһĲ졣
ȷԼգԷΪֻҪڣˣҲ޷ԼĸӦԽֵ鿴ԼʱԶЩһȫϹӡ
޷״ֻееɢǲ»ָԾĹע
ʱԣһ٣ӲܣҲԲ˿ˡ
Ȼһٵըƣ϶޷ٵȣǣôѵõƷȫײһ㹻ˡ
ٵըУôԶҲ޷
䡫
ҲڶŹֳٿسƷɱײʱһ٣Ҳڴһԭը
е죬һҲ̱һױȵƣ̶ȣԲĵһľ
ͬһʱ䣬ŹҲѹƲסµĿϲǾ޴ըЦ

䡫
ҲǸܵ˵ص٣һ޴ĺͶٲڣԶˣ͵һϲȫʱֵĴ㡣
ǼһˣҪְȳˣȻͻ
ٺ٣ǽѵСһѣ

Ҳ׼֮ʱԭҲһЦſЦȴͻȻԭأһõЦݣҲ׽סˡ
ֻΪɢʱֱӾͻԭΪٶ޷̽ĵشֱֱӦ˶ŹֵӣǣĸӦ£ǸŹֵȻûһ˿ңûһ˿˥Ǻ֮ǰһ
ֹɣҲ󣬷׷׸ӦױȷϺ˲ųˡ
ôܣǸһֻһոսɶѣôֵܵٺ󣬻ƽ£ûһ˿˥
ǰɣһӲô٣ûһ£
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һƬĿ֮УֻһֱѹƵޣٴαһ٣Ҳ޵㣬Ȼǿٿ٣һܲٿʮʮȡ
ÿΣֻеȵһ֮󣬲ܴ߷ڶʱȲŸôƶŹ֣ȻĻһδƽһмûһ˿ͣЪĻǵ޴߶ľǳɰǧ٣ʮˣǾ۷壬Ҳᱻ˲䳹ĨɱȶȲǻôˡ
Ҳһٵı𣬵أһʧȥһиӦ
ǴһȺĳˣȴҲЦˣȻԷƽµһǵڶ϶Ҳ¡
ǣȴ뿴ԷشǱģİ
һ̣˻Щ棬Ǽһôģżˣ˿ٸǰȥĿӷΧڣǼһôӦԵģͷҲֻѣϾڰˣ֣ĿӷΧڣҲᱻԷ
ϾһĿӶԶҲǧ֮ضѣҪʩչһ٣ǧﷶΧٵһǷΧʵ̫ˡ
ͳˣô죿
鶼Ǽ˵ƣһɣͻȻתͷСĿ
٣ǵСʵȻֻ޲УǾȥֻһƬУȴЦһǼһʱû£ô
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ֻУǾͼӡ
һ仰ʮȫЦˣм˿Ҷȥ

ۡۡۡۡ
ҲԶʱȺΧĵشŹٴοһ٣գʵ̫ˬˡ
ڣΪЩٵٶȣԱѹƣһյͬʱȥٿڸմĴ٣Լķ֮
̡
һ٣һַ֮˲ϢͿһΣһַ֮ڣеһ飬Լ΢΢ѣ
Ͼⲻٴ߻ıʱֻǴû˿Σڣȴ
ҲҿǵٱȽС壬ʱεǶٵĿԿɼһߣȻΣҲֹ΢΢ѣ
ȷ֮֮ڣȴֿٷһ泩ƶ泩УֻɲǼ䣬Ź־ͷԼַ˲С
ϲУһֱ̣Ӿ͵ʮ٣ȥڵʮַ֮һ̵춯ְΧһ٣յֻʣһʱһα٣Ҳ˶ٵ
ȶַȫһµֵҲ͵ؾͿʼԾʽ
ԭ10000.1ľԪԪֱֵӾ10010.1
Բ࣬Ҫ֪ٴ߻֮100һ٣һֵǶٵٵ𣬲ԪԪ20ֵ˵Ҳ˾űϾʱΪɣѾԤڵˡ
̫ˣԾʽҪ˶ãҵΪֻٿʼˡ
ϲУŹֱֵɱƷһ١
ֱ̫ˣҲʵ˾ϲȻ֪ʱΪʱԻ˷ܣ


397 ɺڣᣡ

һ죬ղżȥ޵ɣһηԭĵشҲͬʱͷոճֵޣʧȥԭĿ󣬿ٳŶŹڵĵطֱ˶¡
ɲ֮䣬ˣٴЦˡ
ֻޣߵˣҲѾԱ߳ɵٵˣҾͲţһﻹƽ¡
ǰ٣۷壬оųɰɱģ
ʵһǰڣҪǿһЩһҲܵش

һƬЦУȫǰһαĿ٣׼ȺϷ
ֻȴ֪ĶŹ֣µϮʱµϲãҪǿҵĶࡣ
ֶֻֿԸˡ
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һÿ£ǲȻɵľʯϪѩ
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һȥǻһҩ̻ᣬֱǵִһΪȻȻȵء
֪ɳҪЩʲôҩڶŹִʱĶٴЦſڡ
ǺǣҪһЩͨӳԪҩݣ֪ЩҩʺϣջߣŹתͷ
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Ц˵һ䣬ٴһ֣ŶŹֵɳ롣
ŹָĽŲǰУ̤ϴ̵ĲݴԺ󣬶żɽ磬ȻӴ޶ˣÿ½вͬز״½زһɽ磬ͨٵЩɽȻر󣬿ҲСÿһˣܻһ᲻£ȴ޷̤˾ѣԿͨٵҩͨĻãЧ׵ģÿζֻҪһ¶棬ͻᱻһաǰģδؾͶǳ״½ˡ
ŶĽͣŹֵͷԷ˵Ĳɽӵи᲻µѵģԲֹһٵҩȻֻ
ôɣ˿ֵ֣Ȼ϶
Ǻǣ˴ǻõҩУⷽ棬ЧõģĪˣһĪȿΪͨǧϣҲҪݶԷǷѾùҩ֮ǰκҩﶼûùĪЧٿǧ꣬ǷùҲͨҩĿԲͬһǧǧ겻ȵԪϧĪĲժΣգƷڳ״½ӣɽɻ˴죬ֻöŹͷٴЦŽ˵
ڽ˵УٵִһϸѩĲݵϣǰԶѩϣͰڷȭͷСͨѩɫ
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ǺãΪɳͨ´ˣɳԵȡԷɵɫһϲλҲһλɳ۸񶼲ʣֱ£
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ŹٴεͷͿŶȥ
ܿ죬Էִһ˵ŮǰŮޣȴһڵΪھɨ˶ŹһۺŮɲЦλѣһĪļ۸һƷʯߣһƷɱһ
۸񣬵öŹ΢΢һ㶣ʯô̫ɽʯλģֻƷһ仰Կⶫˡ
Ҫ֪ƷǽɲռģֵǵıȻֻǰŹ׹Ϊʲô˵ٵҩô֣Īȴûȡˡ
ΪⶫŸոյִƷ⣬۸̫ҲһҪԭ
ɣ¾ҵһǧҲδһ
ƷڴʱĶŹֶԣǾõó˵ڸˡ
΢΢Ȼ֮󣬶ŹֲЦԡ
Ҳֻһ仰̾ŮԼɫӣȻ𾴣óƷɣֵӡ
λѰĪȡȻУǹŮֱЦˣóһµϻĪ
ȴʱһϺȣͻȻʹһ¥¥ĹսǴط𣬡öĪҪˣ
ŶϺȣһߴӣ첽һŮ޵飬̤˶㣬ֱֱ󣬸һòƽˡ
Уɨ˶ŹһۣתǹŮЦһ֪εĪɾʹç½Ǽʱϵӣˣ
ǡ仰ӣֱӾóƷ̤ǹŮɡ
ͷβ˶ֻɨ˶Źһۺ󣬾ٲᡣ
ƷУȷû˸£ָû˸ҶƷе¡֮ĳͻֻҪû˳ƷͷϣƷоҲ롣


401 ç½ңϵĶҶ
ӣйӵˣڴʱȻٶ࿴Ź֣Թϣȴңңɢһ˵ɭֱֱ֮Ź֡
ڣ̤ǹŮɵĲܻ
ÿǰ̤һһ֡
̶ľ룬һһһǰѻԽѹҲԽΡ
ֱ󣬸һƬ캣Хһ㣬ǰѹȥ
Уǰ£ȴһݶûбеѹеֻǶԶŹֶȥ
ִ֮Ʒв֣ԲǹӣӶֻ֪ҪѹҪĪˣ˿ãǾͿöĪ
ҲͬʱټԴ˳ֺ󣬾ûһ˿̸һ˿ЦȴǼž
ǹŮɣǰŹֵĶ˶ڿ̤Ĺˣһ˿η֮ɫ
ֻΪԷͷŵȻֻԶŹһˣһ˸оˣ֮
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ɣȴֻӵĻ˲η
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Ҳһ˲䣬Źһ㣬һһˣϮǲȻŭû˿ԥһִﷱ֮۷Ҳȶ
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˵ȣһεҡͷ
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һ֮£ǰŵֱӾͱϵľˣ˺顣
˳ŷƣŹֵԿֲٶȣƽ£˵ǰ˺ѶԷôڣŹֵķƣ̩ɽѹƲɵ
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һ֮£һ̻־ĹӣֱӾͱѹھѪ˫һ˹ȥ
ףϲŹִʱʵϣԿԺͳڵᲢˡ
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ֻǳڣܱȼ۷壬ڼ䣬ֹһʱ䣬һΪ࣬ȴһ潻Уֺ
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϶ˣҲҧ󣬸˵Źֵķ֮Ҳϣ
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Ҳ⻰һֱճտĶԼǹŮɣ͵һѹͼæĪ
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һ仰ٴκסŮԼŹֺ
ӲֱЦˣЦüΪãһԭΪ۾ȴ˸һ˿ĹâֱֱŶŹֵç½ңϵĶҶ
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Ҷˣô˵Լç½ҵģɽ磬Ҳֻһ˸ô˵Ǿͺñȣң˶֪һŵĵϵˣһ죬ǹţֱ߲ϵȴûǸӺʸ񣬶˵Լǳҡ
½ңҹ£
ԭҹá

һƬУԺУҲٴηһԵĿ־壬ɽ磬۰ڣʵ֮ʵֻǰڣֱڳۡѪۡ׵ۡ
λȻʵԲȣȴҲͶڣç½ҹ½ҹһ޽ӽڵǿߣ֮¡
ǣǾԵ޵𰡣ˣ
ڣһƬ֮У˶Դ˹ӵĶŹ֣׷ױ˷ͬĿ⣬һ̣Ҳûȥ̾ʵˡ
ҹãǻǣǽҲߡ
һˣһƬޱȵɫٴЦˣǰĶŹ֣˳Ū
ΪĸףҹŸڵִ󣬸ͲܲʶԷݣֱӳѹȡ
ȻֻҪ΢еͷԵģӦ֪óƷĶŹ֣̫򵥡
ɲܶԷ󱳾ΣҹԲֵһᡣ
Ȼڳ״½ڣһѹҹһͷΪҹãλ᲻֪жã۰ĸ
ֻǵһ۹Ѿ壬Ź֣ã⣬Ѿ㹻ˡ


402 ƾ㣿䣡
ŶӣһŪޱȵЦ⣬Լ˵ȣȫ־־ɫĹŮɣǶͣ˽Ų
ŹҲĬȻ
һΪԲۣΪԷֵֻڣɶԷݣЩ˼ˡ
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ȻŹҲ֪Ҳ˵Ϊһˣȥһ
ŹֳĬЦԽ
£ҲһŻ𣬴˴ΣҹŴ״½ƷУһҩижΪͨټЧҩŲԶ͸״½֮Ĵ󣬵ִ
ֻΪ۰ңֻһŮӣͨҩѾ˲٣ԷѾ˺ǿĿԣҲֻЩЧǿҩá
ԭΪһ϶£ȴû뵽ǰĻӣȻڶԷǰһգ۾ͱˡ
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ڣǿ׵ɣһĬȻʱ£͵ӿһɳ졣
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ڼ䣬˿Ϣûйĺ䶯ȴԶȸղžңղž㹬ʩչ֮ˣҲֻվԭؿ֣Źϧѡ
˿̣Ųʼʱҵˣ৵һ̿ʼˣƺԼԷ̫ʲôᡣ
ڣ¹ģһͻԭղŵ£򡭡У΢΢ɨ˵춯ٴаһЦתͷݺݵĶ˶Ź֡
ȻѾҹȻ׷ŹŹ֣¶Źֻᱩ˺ǶԷĲˡ
Ҳֻһ仰Źֵɫ৵һ¾
Էڽֻ֮ȡĪҲˣϾⶫȻ˵õһΣҲܿʵȥȡԷȻĻ
ɲ֮󣬶ŹУ̾һ˿⡣
ҲʱԴ֮⣬ͻȻҲһϺȣҵ˭ôƣԭ½֮Զ
һϺȣŴЦ̴˶Źֵֶˣ׷ⲿȥ󣬾ͼһӢ˵ӣ̤
ӳֺ󣬲ˣж¶һ˿ɻ󣬵Ļ𾪣ԭһֺ½֮Զȴֱӱɫףôţ
ɫ֮½֮ԶطԼĻ⣬ҲȻ̤ףɫ׾
»κһˣ˺󣬱˿ھôţк顣
˵׸ղţԷҪŹ¹ģſϷŹ
ʲôЦǿľˣǣ˱Ƶ¹Ǳ˵ˣҲᱩˡ
ǺǣСһʱĪҪ֣ԭ֮ԶΪҪۣ϶ϼѣû뵽£ѾõԪ̥ʵڿϲɺءɫ½֮ԶæЦſڲȣĻ೹Χˣ֪׵ݣ
£Ԫ̥ף
ڵɽ磬˭֪ٶǰɽѰԪ̥ꣿΪľǾ۰ס
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ڣ׵ĳ֣˵𺳣Զ½֮ԶҪĶ࣬棬Ҫҹһ֮⣬ΪǣĴӪ׵۰Ƿɽ繲֪ױҲһɡ
ⲻôȣԶ½֮Զ˱ѹ
Ů޶ĭҲֱʱŵ֪˧ǷɣȻǶףɲ֮䣬Ů޶ĭֱӾͷһѣС
ǹŮɣԼŮޣȫǱ𺳡
Ͼٶ꣬ոո󣬵һ뿪ʱǲֱӱݣĳЩԺλӼΪƣҲû˸ȥΪף
ҲΪˣǰû֪ݣû֪ŹʵǿޱȵɣǱġ
ڣ½֮ԶڣԷȴɣΪף;ҴųŪ֮⣬½֮Զ
ٶ겻û뵽ûõĶֻҹ£Ҫ¹㻹䣡𺳣½֮ԶĸЦȴ˿飬ֱֱŲӣͳ½֮Զȥ
һ統ԶŹֵΪһ㡣
׵һһӴѹֱӾͶ׼½֮Զӭͷѹ£Ҳֻ̤µڶʱǿֲ֮ӭͷײ½֮Զǰء
һ֮£½֮Զɫһף۵һһѪӣ೹ή
ף㣡ش֮£½֮Զٴɫ䣬ȴһɫֻΪ֪ԼȻҹ֮ӣȴӵãĵλȣ˾͸һεġ
ҹ½֮ԶȣȴЦһݺݵĵ½֮Զһۣһ֮£½֮Զо˶ԷڵɱʱһݣҲûһ˿ƣֱӾͳëˡ
һǵĺףǱһͿôԷһŭ⣬뿪ƷУ˵Ժ󣬾ԾûӣǰµȻصҹҹҲᱻòᡣ
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ӣɱңޱȵľŭͻ֮̿£½֮ԶҲ˲৵һͻȥ
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ͷʵҲδֲ̫˰ɣ
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ϾǷĳŵǿɳҩЩ
֣ղ½֮ԶȻɲ˴򣬲һΣҲѶֻģպʲô鷳ܸ֪׾СŹ΢΢εȴٴһЦʵϣô֪ܲȥĪ֮͸Ź֣
ô˵ҲֻΪ˵Ĺϵѡ
ϾҲ۹⣬Ȼ֪ڵΪӵбȼɵʵʲô塣
ЦŹҲЦˣ½֮ԶϣǼһʶȤ鷳ȻδزǣĲ˵еںһ𣬾һھ٣
۷壬вٰտɱģǾͱֻڵҹˣ
Ц֮ͬʱǹŮǰûɵǣʱȻٲĪˡ
ֱ˴Īȥ֮˺ЩŮޣȫһ𺳵ɫþ޷԰Σ£ǿҵɻǸʿǺˡ
ɵʵ׻һɣӿȥ׽˵ĳҲʵ̫ǿˣ


403 ҹŭ
Ǻǣ֣öĪǷ㹻뿪ƷУнУЦſŹ֣ȻҲȥһΣûն
̫Źֵ΢΢ЩƣƷõĪȻֻǾټϵݣҲֻ˷ݶѡ
΢΢ĬƬ̣Źֲתͷף£ĪǲԳ״½Ĳؾ
һ仰ֱɫ䣬ЩȵĵֲԼȥժȡɣ
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ȻЩأɻЩк幹ɣڶк壬أأȻһΣգչҲвΣ壬ɹڣȫǶҵĸֶˡ
еޣҲʵΪǿᡣ
ȻֻǸոոãȴѾڶŹֺ֮ǰе֪һƷУɳȥɽɻͳӣɹڣɻöѡ
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ǺǣҵȷǸ˼ҲѰ·ûаյ£ϣȷ֪׵ɫ䣬ŹٴЦŵͷҲ˿е뷨
ȻоԵİգ̿ռ֮κ壬ҪӽҪԽ޵Ŀռ䡣ޣǿ֮ǿںϳһھٵģһΣա
ͨĽɣʵʵǿ̫ˣԲŻ˽һĪԴϾɶԵõĻᣬֻ
ŹֵɫΪᶨҶԷѾԲѰ·׵ҲֻǿЦŵڣڶĶ壬Σһģƻһ֮ɵƷһ֧Ų˶ãͻᱻʴ
ڶģӯֶԸʴ֮µ
ȻҲһ𣬵ƻҲʵ̫ˣɵԪ֮޷֧ųա
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ȻڽУ׾ҪݳɹȵĿֲöŹִͷĽͣȴöŹԽԽɣȷֻǶԽΣյĵطΣգȷ
£ԽԽãбҪȥɹһˡ
Ҳֱǰȥȥ֮ǰǰ״½ɺ쳾֮أഢһЩ٣Ȼаٵҵĵ٣ںϳʮҵĵڰ٣ɱüˣɹ˵濰Ƚɵޣû֪жٸȻԽԽá
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ŹԽԽᶨĿ⣬׳ˣȴֲö˵ʲôֻڻصֱӾͰ¸֪ԭ׻ڣȰŹִǸͷ֮ȴֻǲһЦֹȰŹֱ֣Եһȥ
Ҳǵ׽ǻײ֪Լղͻˣ׵ݣĪ͸ŹֶȥôȰǰȥɹȣ
ҲŹһǰȥ׶ҲģʵǱƷеĻ껹ҪһЩġ
Ź֣İţҲûƾܣϾҲҪ˴ǰȥһȻаա
ЦлԼ֮󣬶ŹһЩΪͷʱ뿪ɺ쳾֮ظȥ

Ҳͬʱ
״½һ½ç½֮ϣǲҹǡ
ټҹڣһŭ֮ĺֱӾʹ
ûõķ˻汾֮⣬ʲô
űŭһޱȵĶ⣬ڴ
죬ֱѹҹذ࣬˶һȻڲ²⣬ҹΪʲôŭȴû˻ɵȥѯ
Ҳⲿźڡ
һɫǺޱȣֱҪγˮƵӣȴֱֱ£̱ڵϵ½֮Զ
ŭ
ҹ˿̣ǱŭҪɱˣǸãڸղţĻֱĨɱ
ʲôЦҹ֮һȻɽеҪѷһƴҲδһ䡣
ԼǼԷҲֳʲô°֮ɫû뵽û뵽ԼãȻôǸһŭ⣬ӶͷһЩɱ½֮ԶĿ֮£ǹç½
⣬Ǵȥһ衣
ڵ֪ºҹƽľĵû·ˡ
ҹıŭ֮£̱ڵϵ½֮ԶȴҲǱŵûɢ˿̣ĶˣڵΪʲôͷɱʱ˳
ȻʱҲŵòᣬɵӳԺ󣬾Ѿ֪ԷֻƣȻһɣҪɱɣܱˣ
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ˣȼ٣ڣ©̫࣬ǾֻмʵˣֻҪҹ鷳ǾͿƽ¡ˣҲ׷ҡεҡҡͷŹſ˳һε·ߣɺ쳾֮ء
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ȳĥЩ˵׷ģ治Ż˻һʱҲˡ


405 ŭѪ
˼Ƚʮպ󣬶Źڵִɺ쳾֮أһΣֱӾͳвشȥĿֱޡ
ڵʵתƿռڣնɱޣǺġ
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ɽ磬Ҫвģ³֮⣬
ֱʱŹֲźԥ뿪ɺ쳾أǸϷ

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Ҳһ仰½ֱ֮Ӿ;һһɫҲױòԷֳƺӣȻˣǣڸղţó׷ٵδж׷ˣǣƣ
ѲɣҪԷݺݵļ̤ҹϣ
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һĻ½ҲˣǰԷֳˣҡڵĸǣҪǣǣȴΪ
𽥵ĬȻУ½ǰݳѪ˿ȴҲԽԽࡣ
׷ǰ취׷ֲУĬĬһ½زͻȻʱҪ׷ˣˣһһ׷ϣǾһ𣡡
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⣬ȴģ˭֪һĻ׷ӣ֮ҲֻһȺʣôڶ޷أԷɵ÷Ҫʵǿĵطô
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ڣԷȻװһ˵׷٣ôˡ˼ϣû취½ֻаȫ׷Ϊһɣаա
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һƬĬ֮У½󽲳˵ĿǳǶ͹㳡ɾȫųǶȥ
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Ǹʱڸûñȡ
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ôҲãʹ棬ǳ׾ɣźó״Щһ˼ааЦһŹ̿ʼѰңҹڵĵش
һ㣬Ҳʵڲѡ
תƿռ䣬Ѱ֮ǰ׷ʱǼֵҳЩһ

£Ǽһȥ˳Ǳ͹㳡

£ȥ˳͹㳡

ȻҹǵĶɣڳǶ͹㳡ɡɣȻڸӡ
ЩɡɣҲ֪ǰЩ£δж޷׷ˣڷֶԷҲֻǰѶϢͨ½ضѡ
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ҲŶԷǹһȦһͨȫɫһݡ
£ųǶˡ

ˣǼһȻһ㲻ǣ
ҲӦò³ǼһˣϾǰΣû׷֪Щҹ
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ģûôŵˣһΣһҪ֪ץסҲҪãܡ

ѶϢʱλɣҲٴβöǰѪֻΪһδαǸŹӡӣȴƫƫûǸҲʵ̫ѻˡ
Ҫ֪ǿ׷ҹµڶǿ߰ƽĸͳ˧һ߸ϣȴһʵڿɱ
һƬҪŭȼյ£׷׼һΣΣҲҪǸļһ
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ˣڶ֣ҡڵˣһΣľûٻҹˡ
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˫Ŀֱһ½´ڽɣ̳ǰӰ߷
ӡǣϢԷڣڶɣ͵һ
͵ŶԷٴ͸뿪ǣҲֻ󲻾ãɾȫۼŴȥ
ӡǻûʧһΣһˣ
ֻҪ׷ȥǼһͿԳڶˡ

һƬ͵͵ĽУԼµӡǣɻɢϢڽȻһƬϲֻһ˿ϲ죬Ǹո߽󲻾ã׷ӡǵϢ̾۵һɢ
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ӡʧˣֲµ׷ӡǣԷ֣Ĩˣǣǿʩչǿ׷ֶ˰ôʧ
Ȼⲻʵȴָ޷ҲһƬУȴȻ˲Ͱ˴͵һǳڡ
ȳһǳغҲܲŹһ˿Ϣ½ڣˣױˡ
һαöǰڣʧˣǣбҪôʲôȡ裿ȥҲûȥ
ԽԽƣԽԽ½ǰһξͱǵѪܣ޾ŭУʵ̫ˡ


407 ɹ
Ҳ½صˣŭЩ޴ʱŹȴڳǳڣһ󴦣Ϸǡ
ΣڶԷаʱǵĳ׻պǼ׷ңҲûǸȡˡ
ִ֮ɨˣŹЦһͳȥ
Ȼ֪ʱ½ص˾ǺεģЩһôã²Ҳû׵ˡ
е鷳ȻֵɣΧĻò
ʵҲûгԤϣֳڴ͹㳡ʱ㳡ҹµļɺɣְ̾Ϣͨ׷ǵ½صˡ
ڱŭѪ½صȣһԷִҡڵĻǣ׾ˡ
ǰǰֻ΢ʵѪҺֱӾͻһִ˴ڣʼѸٷɫѪ顣
ܰѶýɣҲɽһˣһǳأڴ͹㳡Ĳˣ½صȶˣȫǶðѪȴûȥֻȫأʱбߵĳ嶯ʱҲȫǹۿʲôϡһԶԶͣԶΧۡ
ô£ЩˣϢǿǿӡ
ǰôǿϢôôǱЩǰѪҺȫǱģҲ̫˰ɣ
ٺ٣˵ΪϢ̫ǿˣһŭЩˡ

һΧ۵ˣ䲻ָָ㣬ͷЩеζȴѳĵ׵˼
𽥸ܵǿСһĿǣһֱľ뱩ǵ½أǰһڣһǿѹеĳ嶯ҵߣ
ŴαǸŹӣϷˣ˱ǵĳ嶯Ҳֻ룬Ͼǳ״½
Ҳֻһ仰ɣֱһͣһ˿ԥȻҲ˸ղЩµ˵Ļ㱨ߣѵ»Ҫȥ׷ǶŹ֣
ǿֶζʧˣȥǲȥȡô⡭
һ˵ԥ½ȴŭЦߣﱻ˵Сôһç½
ǰ½أҲûȥٶŹ֣ϾҲԼ˻ɼ㲻ȥ٣Ҳﱻ˵ӿ
һŭ⣬ˣŷ׷һ㣬ͷ
⣬ȴٴο½һ࣬޿κΣֻǺ첽Ŵȥ
һΣǳ׵׵İˣǸŹ֣ҹӵϺҫĲ˽£ݺݵ˲ֹһΡ
ڣֱڣ½ض֪λȥҹ뵱Լ֮ǰµĺ׳ٿ֣ĸо

ʵڽǸ½صùģʵڽһ£ʵ̫аˣܰǸĿһе½أǰѪ
Ҳ½صˣ͸뿪ʱڣĳ߲㽨ϣȴҲѹƲסµϲãЦ
ʵϣ½صȣʼβ׷ŹֲãϢѾ֪
Ͼ£ж˲֪ŹֵҪԣǿǰڴ֮ͥ£ֵƵǿߣԾ֮ǰ½ص˵ûб֮˲Źڷسںһֱڼ͹㳡֮ǰͣȦʱߣٲŹ֣Ҳͱˡ
ڷڶŹ½ص˺ȴûֱ𣬱ϾҲ뿴Źֵķ׷жǿⷢҲʱȡ
ȴû뵽ǶҹĽɣøǰѪ
־磬Ҳʵڳ󣬵ȼŹһЦ½صʱõס˵棬ЦֱӾˡ
ףȴ˿ù˼ֱӾͱЦ
һԵһŹֵ޵ı飬ֻΪһ˫ĽУĻ˵ԼŹֵḶ́ǽǱ½صˣǺ񰡡
⻹ȾýѣַǱĬĬ߶ԺΣˡ
Ҳ£ȶŹĻصʱӭģֱӾһޱȵӵӵ֮׸ֱֱЦǰϣֱ˵ȴǿĶŹһ벻֪λ۰ʮߵ£ô衣
һԵǿŹŹ֮⣬Źֽʵ飬ȴöŹҲЦ
ղŵ£ȻΪ˰Щ˵׷߲ȥģɵȻͷϸ룬Ҳȷ˵ġ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֲҪȥɹһУ⣬Ҳû׺̫ȡ
ȻѾ½صȣڣҲδ׷٣Ȼʲôʱǰȥɹȶԡ

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ϸ˵ΣԼӯɹȣֻһ׹ȣɹΧټһƬ;ɽ󲿷ֵشڸֶ֮¡
ǲͨеĽ
ΣյĵطҲŲ棬ֻЩµҩڶУΪΣգƽգвˣʱûڷ;ɽ
ȻЩˣ󲿷ֻεڷ;ɽΧֻΪִϵǿߣеʶ̤ɹȡ
ҲӴɽһƬ֮£һӰֱֱͶһƿƲ㣬ִ˷;ɽɹΧ
ˣǳ;棬С״½ԼŹ֣ʱ˴Ѿࡣ
Ŀύ֮£Ź֮Ĺϵ𽥼ִɽΧǰ̽ӵĶ壬תͷŶŹֵ֣ˣɹˣ̤ȵףмǣ¶ҪСģӯȻΣĴ󣬵ϣܿΪ֧ްҪ˼ɵģЩޡ
лѣءĶŹһЦһ·Ҳ䷳ģһִɹΧĸޡ
УΧյģӰ䣬һֺصޣֻͨȭͷСֶΣǿβ̹ɱڣӰһɣֳһƷһնɱһֻӰ䣬ڼΪСķ״̬£ӰĹٶȣȴŴ˼ޣ˵ǽ۷壬϶һڣʹ䶾Һ壬пڶ̶ڱٶȣֱӰȥ١
ЩµģµģޣȺӣֻҪһ֣ǳǧֻ̤ɹȵˣܻòʩչӰĹϣżǿһɣƷҲ಻ӣͻǵصĳӰ䣬˺
ʩչɹڵ˵һУΪƽ֮ɵ
˳Ӱ֮⣬ɹΧūȵȸֲֿޣӵвĿֲڡΧкޣҲ֪֪һ򵥡
ҲΪʲôƷˣɽͳ˧಻ɹ̫࣬״½֪ɹȳ汦ģ಻ִģȴټ١
ĬĬ˼һܹĸޣŹֲٴһЦ̬Ȼӵд٣ɹһУԶ˵İգҲäĿԴ
һ׼֮󣬶ŹٴƽĿһۣŴ߶Ӱɹȥ


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һ죬Źֱɹȣ壬ڵķ֣һƬ̽ӵĲ£ͬʱķϣҲһּܼٵž
⣬˾ֵƻ
ԶŹִʱʵ֧ŵģƷҲ£֧գԴʱ΢ƻûϡ
࣬ഫһž죬ȴִࡣ
ñ·սپвĪ߾ͺãȺĳӰ䣬룬ǻжԶӶԶúáڶŹٴ
룬һӴľ綾֩룬֩룬ֹڶϣȳӰ̫࣬ҾмǿķΨһȱݣƶٶȲУ˾ֵǣֶ룬ΧĻںһ𣬾ǽɣѲף׾ͻ̤벼µУһˣƺ˶Էһһ㣬Բű˹֮
򶫣бʣһаȫϡŹͷʵǰͲֹһνԷȴܼҪһڣҲʵж
£ĵ£ŹֶãǸ׸Ҳٶ˵ʲôڣԷڽ󣬲ûмҪͬͬˣȻֻΪѡ
ŶŹֵĻٴεͷžһɹأǰȥ
һĻ󣬶ŹֲһЦͱĿתƿռ䣬Ҳ֮һɹڣ޼Ϊǲ٣תƿռֵ̽ǰףǻʲôµģȻҲô֡
ŹۿŹܿ췢֣ɹȣļΪӴʱתƿռСֻܹ۲ƫһĵش
ڿӵķΧڣڲסԶȦ⣬ǰԶһֵϣɵȦЩȦԹƣǧڵزס衣֮⣬һܼĵشûȦ
ô࣬ӦǳӰˡ΢΢˼һ£Ź˳תƿռ䣬£ҲЩɻҪ֪ҩҲֵģʱƷʱҩԺڣӡ֤һ㣬ʱһ֮£Ӱ䣬һҩֵûУ
ѲɣΧǵôɾ
ȻЩŹֻǰƿЩӰ̾ĵشͦ
һһζΣתƿռĿ̽ŹֺܿƿΧޣ֪䣬ɹвҲǵִв󣬲תƿռڣʼǵҩֵ
ƵǣЩҩвң̾ޣЩû̾ģǱȥ֮󣬴ྐྵǲҩݡ
Ҫ׵õĪǲܵˡֲƷоȻĪֵĿƷѰ޹ȵ󣬶ŹЩΣʼЩ̾Ĳҩ⡣
ĬĬ˼һһƽϣܿٴγתƿռ䣬׼һֻޣͷתܡ
ֻҪתƿռڣܶԷʵشޣ˯
һתƿռ䣬޵ĿܷŹֱںϳһڰ٣һͳŶԷֱ£գۼ䣬Ͱ޿ܺ˸ɢֱתƿռ䣬ವһ¾͵ִޱ壬Լػҩ֮ǰ
ǰһ˵ĲݾҩȴٴεҡҡͷԼѰĪֻܼˡ
֮ǰ˵ҩݣ಻˷ѡ
ɼ²ҩ󣬶Źһͳһ޿ҩԡ
󣬾ĸЧʺɱ£ֻǶ̶̰СʱĴָڣͶһֵƵݣʱ˿˳Ĳɼ²ֱӾͻʼɵ˫۷졣
Ĳ˵֮ǰһͬʱСΧε
ֹƬ̣ȶŹٴκɱһֻޣɼһԷػҩȴȻ֣תƿռڣеҩֱɼһա
ȻҲֻǼЩɳǧֻӰػݣȥ
ɾЩȫɼĲˣȻûĪٶЩơ
⵹Ī̫ϡ٣ֻʵڲã;ҲĪֻǻδ졣
һչתƿռ䣬ǰֵŹ£ӿһ˿ΣЩҲиӦΧǰɢĻϡ裬ԸƣԽԽ࣬ʵھЩΣˡ
Ͼ⣬ʱ̶΢ž̫Ѳ޷
ǣһܾͻᶯȫֻҪһֻ޷֣ս춯ͻޣҲˣؼЩӰ䣬̫࣬٣Ҳû취ЩƣŹ˼֮Ϊ˰ȫǣûмǰУΧʼҵش
ҲʱһͻȻؾʹɹȻһ죬ɽѰ㣬ֱֱҵĴӯ࿪ʼ˷
һޱȵɱ͸޾Ʋ㣬Χ䡣
ɲǼ䣬Źֱһ𣬰һã̾Χݡ
ֻΪоˣǹɱɹĳ׼ֱģɹʲôޣҲ֪˵ˣû뵽澹˿ֲޣôĴޣûвĳ֣澹Ȼ
ҲڶŹֻʱ󷽣ವһ£ͼһīɫĳӰХžܱһȵˣֱֱŹ֡
ǿֲٶȣǱȶŹֵ˲ƶ࣬Էɢɱһ
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
ŭ͹ʱǹɱƺңң֮⣬ֻɲǼ䣬ͷ·˱󣬶ŹҲ˲ݣֱӾͻתӳһڰ٣ֱֱ¡
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ֻΪһɱɢ֮̾͸оǰ෽򣬷޾ɱ
ٳȷǿֲҲ׾еޡ
һ̣Źʵ޵ĶˣԴԺһֱСȴû뵽һ̣ͱѡ
ˡ
ɱУգǿģɾǧ֮⣬һƬɳǧĳӰɵӴŶӣǣЩޣȻһǿģٶȺƻ
һ̣ǳǧɱŹּΪңԶ˲Ϣ֮󣬾ƺȫ˵֮⣬ٶȣ˿ڸղǵӰŹֳӣҲ


409 Ⱥ
Ҳһ˲Ƴ֮󣬺׷ϵĳӰ䣬ؾֽ࣬ⲻ˲ֻ̫Ҫʩչ˲ƶҲᱻƻʴӯ԰һԪ֮֮µĸ
ڶŹΪõ˲䱻ֲֿĨɱҲ˲Ƶٶȡ
ô죿ֻǲеģЩӰٶȣֲ̫ˣ˲ƶܵѹƺ󣬸ûȡŭ֮£Ź̲ٿ߰˵٣ͺХŶ׼ӰȺ壬ֱ˶¡
Ҳֻһ˲䣬߰˵٣ֻ̾߰Ӱ䣬дŻصƣѹ£˵ЩĳӰ䣬㲻ܵĻЩըѵನһʹ󲿷ֳӰܵشЩޣǻ۲ߣҲ˵Σʱȫ֪
ڽ͹Եһ˲䣬˱ֻ߰Ӱ⣬ǧķȺ̾৵һҳǧﷶΧ
󣬵߰˵ڵ͵ըѣ˺ֻ߰ӰڶȺ̰ųŹ¡
һһĻŹȴƿڴȡ񱮣ͷųӴѹͼʺȺսƵС
Ҳ޾ѹڷʱܱ޾̾һѹ֮ڣʼƻ
أأأ
һը죬ֱӾʹ޵ĿбЩѹɶŹֵ֮߷ȴ֮Ŀǡ
ڣΪͷŵѹǴ䣬ȶŹķֻ֣ڷ֮أصЩѹƻĳ̶ȣΪԡ
㱻˴ЧɻֻӰ䣬ֱӱѹĶãȶŹƼʩѹʱΧǧֻӰ䣬Ѿ׼ķˡ
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񱮿ѹƣһҲѹֻܼѹƣҲûʱ䣬һѹȺ
ðУŹ̲ٿѹֻⲼʩһȦʮ׵ǿѹش޾ĺɫƣ࿪ʼһ
ЩŸոճ֣ͱǧֻһӿµĳӰ䣬˲ɢ˺顣
ϾЩޣʵ̫ǿˣһֻڶ̶̼˺һ֧ŵķ֣ǧֻһѹƣɵ
ȴǺ˶Źһæתӡ
ܼķȺٶȱֻ첻ʮֻӰ䣬ķϣʼ˶ġ
ˡ
ҲͬʱŹֻǼ̷һΪܵ޴ĴĲ
ǶŹֱˣҲΪܴ˼ӣģȴӰĹʵ̫ǿˣ
һֻӰ䣬ԣĲʲôЩȴ̫ˡ
ȻɫУŹһεʮ٣׼ĳӰ䣬ֺȻȥ
ڣΪԼȡʱ䣬Ҳһٻ֮£󷽴ĳӰ䣬һͳɢӱܣŹѸټһɱ׼ڲֵͣʮֻӰնȥ
ۣ
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һնɱһ߿ɹⲿݣĶ̶˲ϢڣǰʮֻӰ䣬Ĩɱͬʱ󷽷ȺٴΧ׷ʱŹԥͷϣΪԼȡ
УٴαֻӰҧβ׷ϣºĳӰ䣬ɺܿ챻նɱɾĳǼҧǧٴεƷ۵һɢ
ſһھѪŹҲ˲úȻ̾ͷųһƷ
ҲͬʱҲ࣬ؾһƬֽܼĺɲ֮䣬ŹѪɫ৵һ¾˸ɸɾ
Ҳ༲۶һӴȺͷƤըģǰݣһЦʵڿˣû뵽ֲֶΣȻվɹȣǲ֮
ˡ
Źӵÿ죬β׷ĳӰ䣬ٶȴ죬ֱֱķ׼ֱ˶£˲ѣɶԷٶȣ಻Ǽٵģ˲Ϣ֮ڣչ˲ƣֻдȺ׷ϡ
֮£Źֲò˲һΣҪͷһȺɢӰεķȺٳԽ࣬ɵ춯Խֻޡ
Χޣٶϣ޷Ӱȼ磬ͱ˦˺󷽣ɷȺȴԽԽֱ࣬޾ķȺһ𣬾յơ
һڷȺһκХͷ·һֿܼɲĻӰȺֱֱķȫڵС
ǿֲƣֻһۣýҲͷƤ顣
ЩԽԽˣ
ٵУŹٴαΧϵķȺ⻹ǽҪģֲǣڣǰңзȺΧ¡
ȻҲ֪ڳУɹȵĳҲԽԽֻҪİȫͻӡ
ֻΪɹ֮⣬ûгصӯֻҪûֲֿѹơϮ˲ٶȣȻͻᱩ١
ȷǷܰȻӳȥ
Ȼ¼ȵĽţɶŹಢûлţֻҧͷųһ٣Ӵܡ
Ҳ͵ֳʱһȺ޾ķӰֱӾճķ֣˶ᡣ
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ܼĿֲһһӶûֵͱķӰ
ɫɷУŹֲһֱʧ˵أٴγʱûſһ֣һȺ䣬ɢžҵˣû
ۡ
ۡ

һٵ£ŹʲôҲ˲ˣֻǰݣǿſռ֮ȥֵЩӰģǱǿɼԲĿռ֮ڶӰ£һ翪ʼѣ
ɲǼ䣬ռ֮ͱĵһɣһӳ˷ȺҲֻ˲䣬дӰٴΰᡣ
ֻ֮
ռ֮Ѿһɣ޷ػֻҪһֻӰݴ壬ѡ
޿κ֮£ŹǿΪռ֮ѣĴˣּ޾ֲֻֻ֮֮Ĺɱ£ֱӾаĳӰ䣬˲ϢֻأûһصȰӰ䳹ֻ֮ĹС룬ȴִź̬ݺݿʼûֻ֮
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һΣֻ֮Ҳҡҡ飬ŹǿѪĳ嶯ִ߶ӰǰȥڣſһѪʱ䶼ûС
һζݳӣٴγʱŹֲžϲޱȵķ֣Լɹ֮⣬ֻһ˲֮ң
ɾʱһȺ䣬ܲľϲٴֱֱ塣
ۡ
ֻ֮ٴܵ޴ĴֱӾҲʼѡ
ۡ
ռ֮ѵĵشֱӾͿʼչ
ȶŹһ;ɽΧӴ֮һʮֻӰ䣬׾һģԽ޷ڵֻ֮Ϳռ֮ļ
䡫
ɲ֮䣬Źֱ⵽ʷĴһǿҵԸУʮ˴ÿһ缡ӡ


410 ң˹
ÿֲĶأ
ɲ֮䣬嶼һƬԣƺһСָУŹٴɫ䣬ֻǿмѾѲٵĿռ֮ǿʩչ˲Ӵܡ
৵һִɹ󣬶Źָû˿ͣЪ಻ͣЪٴǿд߶˲ƣǰ塣
ʱȫĴ̼£ûѹƣٶȣҲ৵һ£ࡣ
ֱӾͰڿĳӰ䡣
Ҳֻʱѣ󷽵ĲٳӰ䣬ڿٰŽ׷ȴٲ֮ǰܷɵᱻ˲ϵľ档
Ҫӣ
ǿڳѵĿռ֮Źһǿм˲ƣֱֱǰ䡣
һǿ˲£ڽװ˺󷽵׷
ʱڵĸǿҶأҲԽ
ٵıУٴ͹ԳӰʱŹ͵һΣҪǿ֧־Ӵָлһӳҩչ˫֣ʼٶȣһǴݣֻΪ֪ж֮ʲôԶڵĶЧֻҪһ£ܸо
ͬһʱ䣬֮⾳ڲȻȻҲ֪ڿռֻ֮֮ѵ£ǿд߶⾳ֻĴˣΪ˶ƶأҲ˲ˡ
ڵҲֶ룬ֻҪһֿԶƳӰ䶾Եݣͺԥ£ͣǿм֮⾳ϴˢ塣
˽һӣǿҵѣУ΢͵ơ
Ҳֻ΢ͣҪ֪һֻӰĶԣһڱ˵ֹǱһֻϣȻȽɣȴչ鲻ǽɡ
ܾ
һοЧҩֶ̹˶صļЧŹҲӿһͷ˴ѾԶɹȹȿڣҲ֪λ
ɽڣڹڱһֲĶңԷǷȻδ֪ܵȥˡ
ɻǷ;ɽڲʱܳǿޣҸ壬Ȼûӯֲһ̺綾
Ҫ²ǵȲͻᱻ׶ʲôޣֻ㡣
ҧһݣŹǿӣһǿмռ֮ŷ;ɽ֮ȥ
ĹУ಻ͣ߶ƣӴҩݣʱ̶ڵĶء
ãһ֮󣬶Źưܲ壬س˷;ɽ֮⣬һƬɾʵռ£Ҽž޲֮ؼյҡ
ֻΪֹӳˣһ·ϣŴҩֶ֧֣أƺҲֹͣʴơ
Ҳһиڼ̮ĳɵĿռֻ֮֮ͳҲܲסƣ뱬
һ˲֮󣬶Źӣſռֻ֮֮ݺɽͷĸԭȥ
ͨһ춯ŹֱõһƬĺˮڡ
ֱʱӣֻҸУǵأĳӰ£һٸɣҲδӣųˡ
ȻʱʵǱһͿռ䡢ֻصķ֮Ϊѣڿʧɾ磬ϾֻһС룬һĻڡ
ֻҪܿҩ޲ŵǻǲֵһᡣ
޸˾֮ò˼վܸԭ
ͺñȣһΪĳɣеҺţĳΣɻдõģֻҪ޲ƣȥװҺȻ׵ĺܡ
Ȼţһʶɢţųںûлۣͣûһ˿Ŀ꣬²ǵصһУ඼᳹ױһ飬ñɿռֻ
УŹҲǲ֪ûгװȫϾ֪Ҳ̲סǿҵѣУֱֱͻ˹ȥ

״½ƫϣΰķ;ɽһƬĸԭ
ԭ״½ߵһ˱֮ΪӸԭ
ټӸԭֻһǣͳµ߰ɣͳϽ֮⣬ӸԭϣвɢСͳǳأԼ䡣
д䣬Ҳֵ֣ɽķˣ˵ĺЩˣĳȻԳȴǲһǿƵޣѣ䣬಻ϡ档
ûķˣֻƾԼɽ棬˾ģϾģҲֻ񷲽ͨһ
Ҿʵû仹ڵģͻڴǳأеȳǳأĳЩڣһϯ֮λû䳤ԶģֻܱųɽΧ
ڸƫĵγһݾӡ
ɽչɽ磬ǸճӤӵ൱ڷ۷壬۷ľֵ֮ϣҲȷͨࡣ
ԣɽûĴ䣬ҲߣֻҪޣѣϾͲʳ֮ǡ
Ȼɽ磬쾳ڣҲǲĲֵһϡ
򣬾Ӹԭһ˵͵С
򱱣ºӵĺϴʵչ£һԼʮһ꣬زȹŮͯһԾʮףͳźӵȥ
Ҳ֪츸׵ջôءÿüǴһ˿Ц⣬ĵŮͯոˣȻŮͯСչЦգȴ˻ˮơ
ɽɽˮˮɽ಻⣬ֳԣ±ָֻһЩԵҩݡ㡢ޡ
ҲŮͯнУִºϣĿʱȴͻȻ֣ǰʮ׳ĺڣһĨӰ
ף΢һŮͯȷǺӰһżæһԾ˺ڡ
󣬿߮Ӱ࣬ŮͯһסԷź̲ȥ
ȳװ˾֮ʱԷһΪ˧ӣԷʱȻǻţȴк
ôں΢΢üŮͯɵɵ
¶Լֻףôһˣ
ʱԺؾӿһߴӰֱֱŮͯ
ӰɵٽʱŮǰԵ꣬ȴҲˡ
ôģ֮󣬸ߴӰؿڣŮͯ
ȵġŮͯЩϡĴŵϵꡣ
ԣȲѵĻȰؼȻǡϣܲܲܲʡߴӰٴü󿪿ڵ
󣬾һΣ޷öԷָѣߴӰε̾ϢһڣԷӣʹ󲽳ȥ
Ÿ״ǰУŮͯ¿ɰͷͼæһһĸȥ
ò˵ڵˣȴû뵽˳־ȻһԵ꣬Ȼռңһε鷳
ֻΪһþְ취ǰʵǿĴʦ޷ѣЩԵ꣬û˿ֻһưܲľ磬ƺȫһˣȴûж
ռҿͷ
ζѲȴûļһռҸŮͷ֮ʲô¶ϰʬ壿
ȷһˣûУ϶ࡣ
ιʳ϶֧ŲȥһֱιȥʲôʱŻѣ


411 㲻ȥܼңǾͲҪȥˣ
ͷ۹ͷۣŮǰǰʬƵļһ
ڼ䣬ոճԣֻŮͯտŰļһȻչˣҲֻżʳһЩʳˮԷģǲ˶ܡ
Ĳ˵ҪһʮһŮͯϸµչһԲѵġʬ塱Ҳܡ
ʱţŮͯתŮʱǾߡʬ塱ǰʱ䣬Ҳ
ϾռңֻиŮˣԾŮͯˣԽԽҲԽԽͻȻ֣Լ˺ܶ¡
£ƺҲֻһֱġʬ塱ߣס
ʮ磬ôأϵкӣΪҴˣǶҪҼ޸ҵ׸ѡ˭أǱѾˮʮȻӰɽСȴչ¶һ˿
Ӻ񵽵ġʰ磬Ҳʵóƺ

ʵһҲѡʮ꣬ĽСӰҲ˰͹ƣ⣬ٴŮͯöһ˿ջɬζŮķգȴվ

ʮ磬֪ôҺ÷ܴ˵ĶӣҪȢңײͬ⣬ǾͲøԣҸô졣ʮͣǻãԽ˵Ůüɫ𲽵

ʮ磬ˣҪѹãһҪҴ۸׵Щˡʮͤͤһ޵Ļȴʢḧһ´ϡʬ塱ķҺŮֻε̾Ϣôܴ˶˵ˣûУֻǺһǸͨˡ

ʮ磬ˣǷҪҼȥܼңҸô죬ҲȥҲĲ뿴Ÿױ۸ҵ׸ô죿ء޵ĻѾųѤɫʣʮϣȴһƬֺ̿
Ȼڸ׵ļ£һ꣬һָ֮ô죿

ʮ磬ҾͿҪˣƸˣԺҲչˣĲߣû취ʮ꣬貵ʱ̣ʮʢ˼ޣһ覵νǣʱϣȴ˸γϵĿɬ
һḧϡʬ塱ǰķңǿſĳ嶯¼ζˮתȥ

ռңڡ
һ΢͵ӣڿһϣָʹӴ꣬ξУǰոһЦɽѵô˿ǼƸ°ɣȻɲûȥ˽
˵ЦˣСŮֽʮ꣬ǲ̫СˡŶԷֱƶƸնɽҲѻǣѴʦڵܴˣҲʵΥ˵ںܴ˾졣
ֻҪԷһ仰ϾͻΪ֮Чǰ꣬ίܶԷ˼󣬿˵ϼǴ粽Уճȥԣ⣬ȻЩ⣬ҲΪɵģмΣҪ
֪ܴҪɫҪͬŮǣĲôίԼŮŮΪô꣬۰֪
Ůֹǲϲܴ˵ĶӣǼֱѾ˾ĵز
û뿪򣬵ܴ˵ļ£ÿ
Ϊ֮ƣ˼ӣҲ벻õİ취ˡ
ǣǰô˵ͬˣȥ㻹ô˵Ҳû㣬ֻڣ㻹ô˵ǲǴϷŪܼңһնɽĻߵЦ⣬һĿҲò
ĵ£߸ƿڴʶ̧ٵĶںܴܺϹϵǶ£նɽǸҪ
಻նɽɫֱӾ͵ݺݵĵ飬ôˣպܼңǰӭȢòҪʲôߣ
һ仰߾̤ȥ
߳һɨԥԥվϵ͵һϼһ˿ЦݣٷˣٽҵϲգûǲҪһֱüĺá
أҲȥɫֱֱԺȥ
ǰʹӣڷƸ󣬿һ뿪ռҡ
Ҳͬʱڣһžƺʲôܵټײ
ף죬Ȼޱȣһ𣬼ȥͼնɽһľֱֱĳһм
ʱնɽŭڣ͸ˡ
ŵĺкնɽһתһεĿΪûá
ĺ룬ԼŮίԼ죬ȴԼ˵Ǿ仰һʦǰΥ
ףԲҪЩ꣬ҲЩѣءҼȥܼҾˡնɽһĿɬֱӾһ˵նɽУʧʹ
Ҳֻһ仰նɽ͵ľͱֱӣȴŭ͹ֱ֮⣬һݣҧһ
ҪίŮôǣ֮⣬ôԼƴһսҲܴ˵Ķ֣˵ԷͿǶԴһ㣬ɱ
ҲŮȫɫӵƬ̺һƽУһ˿ĮЦͻȻʹ
㲻ȥܼңǾͲҪȥˣ
һ仰̾ռҸŮȫ
˭˭˵
ԷĹ°ڶԷƽ£·ܼλͲֵ˾ηĴʦһ㣿
⣬Ů𾪣
Ҫ֪ܼұƻ£ѾնɽĿգĻģԼָûȥ˵
ˣʱ޿̲һԽʦǿߣ£ǸŮˮ֮У˸ֻ֪
ڣǾȻһ仰
ƽĮȻߣƽ̬ƺֻЩǿ߲ڳǸͲǿڳĸ߰һȻ֮ߡ
֮£նɽֱӾ̧ͷ⿴ȥ󣬵ȼ⣬һֱʣһЦ⣬ȴ΢΢һ˿Σһֻ֣ŲӺʯ
ʲôЦղǾ仰ģһƺվҪ֧ŵӣСӣǣǶǰǾȻķô
ɲ֮䣬նɽǰΪǾ仰Ȼľ޴ϲУ৵һ£ǹɽһ㣬ֱֱ׹˵͹ȡ
ͬʱΪǾ仰͵תͷȥȴͻȻУųһ˿ϲʮ磬㣿ˣ
ȻղŶԷǾ仰Ҳ־ϲɵȼ仰ģһֱµʮܼұƻķգ˸ղΪʲôתͷֻǿϲžʹնɽĻ룬ֱֱŹ֡


412 ûˣ
ˣ
꣬ŹֵȻһֱ˯ʵϣǰѾˡ
ֻһǱʶѣֻģģʶڲԡĿӣĽһС
Ϊڵ඾̫أƵ޷ѣЩӰľ綾Ȼһ·ϣôЧҩȥѹƣո׶ס˶ԣЩԣֻǱƣûгױųڣõĻԡ
Щ꣬Щڵ඾õĴҩӴҩк͵Ĺ̡
һֱŬϣżᶨ־ԼǱʶ״̬룬ΪֻҪѹҵõķԼȬ
Ӱľ綾ʵ̫ǿˣŬ޷
ֻһҩ붾Լкͣǵãһ߽ʮ硱һЩŮ¡
ڼ䣬ԷÿնҪʳ
ȻЩŹ¾ЩЦ壬ܴأҲǸҪʳģǺܸж
ȻڸжУ֮⣬Լ޸ʲôܴ˵Ķһ£Ź˾
ҲΪ£ȶԷ˵Ҫȥʱ֪Լٲѣǿ¾ԺҲˣЩ඾ûгױкͣɴʱȽǰȴѾٴοǿ־ڳɹԼ˹
ڣʱɺ⣬һִɼľ磬ĳɣڵĸҲ˸ɸɾ
ھԪҲΪЩľ磬ʹòپҲ飬š
˵ֻڵ״²ǾɽһͨӤȲϣȻҲվҪˡ
ˣ˿ʲôܴ˷ϡ
˵һʦˣһɣž׳ɴڵĴ٣Ĩɱ
ܴ壬Ҳ򵥣ֻҪҩָһЩ֮ΪıЩָ֮ɻʧڳʧ֮ǰת֮⾳ȥ޸Щľ硣
΢ЦУֱ˶СĵĲһֱۣûˮ˫ֱֱۣ
ŹֲٴһЦᶨĳ˵ͷûˣڣܼң㲻ȥ
һѺ󣬾ͳưܲǰΪοһԿߵŮ
ԣһֱչŮҲкøС
ڣ˵ŶԷͣĽŮ黳ŶԷһ㳤ģָо
·ǶߺУ£ҲѲ֪ŶԷһġʮ硱Լá
ŹֵãȻܣһʦȥһᣬµˡ˵ǴʦˣҲУ
ҲŶŹּᶨĻشһͻȻҵĹһ㣬ֱֱֱˮģߣһΣȴϲ
һԵնɽȴˡ
ʵ˵ֻˣϳְǣԻһϲǣһسɽ֮Ȼף⻰ģֻһȫ綼ûеķҪλȥţ
һΣŶŹֿһۣնɽҡҡͷô˵˾ͺã£պ˵ɡ
ô˵ԷҲһ⣬Ҳʵڲ˯ôãŸոѵļһ
Ҳնɽ̾ϢԼĿϲУŹȴȻʧЦնɽǲԼĸˣ⡣
ЦУŹ־ߣһĶСĵĲֱۣߣЩ꣬ͶŹִһӣҪȺնɽһʱ䶼ϾնɽҪԣڼ䣬ǼֻҪ£ŹߣССŮĵףǰ꣬ƺѾ׽֮һˡ
оᣬ·ŪԼһ㣬ŹٴһЦȴӿһ˿ů⣬󣬵ߵڣһŲºٴ̧ͷ˿ǿĺͼԼЩεնɽһ̧֣иֳһˡʵĲҶίչһµݡ
ֻһ˲䣬һ̻ڳĬնɽͻȻһ󼤶ĶŶŹֵģ⡭Ǵ˵е²ݣ
ȷڶŹϯ˴ϡҩ½Ķ˶ѹһͨļһɹڵһãóһҩݡ
նɽֻܣǾڴ˵Źڴ˵жŹ
նɽĴͣŹ΢΢̧ͷ²ݣڣҪǻָһЩ֮ʩչ֮⾳²ݣȻЧܵĸоϣȴ֪ʺá
ջ²֮󣬶Źֲչֳһݡ
Ǵ˵еġ
ٴμԷƽ֮ʵȡһִ˵еҩնɽɵˡ
ֻǸոտʼȥŹУˮ֡ʧһضϡҩݣֱնɽһۻңЩҲоųɣڴ˵жû˵
ֱƬ̺һصڶŹͣȣźԥſھʵɲ֮䣬ľ׽һ֮㣬ʹݼݳ˳̶ȣֻһЩζնɽ˱Ѭεơ
Ҳⲿһƽؾףؾ쳹˿Уһ꣬͵Ĵ˲ϢһϢ
ռŮĿע£ⲿĴֱ꣬Ӿͷֳһ৵ǰһգ˶Ź֡
еΣ˸ɺõһ㣬ڽӴŹּһ̣Ƿһ󹾹졣
ԭɫȻĶŹڣ̾һƬžžĴ졣
֮⾳֮ŹЩƲ̵ƣǲֵһᣬһһ֮⾳ϴˢԭưܲ壬̾Ϳʼ˿ٵ޸ԭ
ֻǶ̶Ƭ̣ԭľ磬ͳ֮⾳ĳˢһɹھԼԪ࿪ʼˮǴߡ
´ʱڵĿռ䡢ֻط֮ɻδ޸ڵڸϣɻֻҪʧ
ֻܰԪᵤ۷壬ھֻزŲ˷ѣָൽȿɲҩһоͶֻʱϵ⡣
Ҫ̫ãһأ»ع۷壬Ƚɵǿߡ
Ƕ̶Ƭ֮󣬶ŹֵϢԽԽǿܿ͵ִ˽ᵤ۷壬Լľ硣
磬ԭĴ꣬Ъƿɢ
´ʱŹֵΪٷ֮һûлָһִᵤ۷ǿϢȴһնɽֱֱɵۡ
ʲôЦղŻһ·Ҫ˲ļһȻգ֮䣬ͱǿ
ֹնɽһǿĿ࣬û뵽ʮ磬Ȼôǿգ֮󣬾ʹҪߣֻˣ


413 תȶ֮
Ȼնɽеǿ֣ڶŹֶԣֻǻָһ˿ʵѡ
ǰŮȫĿ಻ѵı飬ŹֵһЦŶԷˣڣûǿԸ¡
ŶŹֵĻŰһ׾ϲĵͽղֻäĿ׽˰ˣڣʵǰȻӾϲޱȡ
һԵնɽҲĲû뵽û뵽ԭо綼ôķȻӵ˿ֲʵ
ȻͨĽᵤ۷壬ûиһԶȲʦֻŹָղʩչֶΣһ˵жϲȫҩ˵˶ԷʵʵԶֹᵤڣԷȻɲǼָ˵زʣµļգ϶Զʦˮ׼
ʱﻹҪηܼҵѹ
һƬУնɽҪŹ¹򣬵һ¶¹ƣͱŹֺԥ𣬡Ƕңо֮ף
ȷǵŮһĻкЩ඾ڻô˭Ҳ֪
ԶԶŹֶԣЩ£ʲô£ʱһµϢȴնɽŮԺ
һֺأܹŹֵĲɾ磬͵һƺ˻ԾƣڣֻԾǼ򵥵ƺȶĸо
ȶͻƵסɾͻƣҪ֮ʲôҲûһŹֳ״ˡ
֪Ҫ֮ҪǸ򣬶ָĻԵȴûмɺͽݾѰģֻܵȻԵôڣ
Źַ㶣һɲɫնɽҲ̴ˣȴҲöʣֻվһԣԼָ
󣬶Źɻ񣬾ֽ䵽ǰŮϣͻƣĲ֪ԷĿϲôᴥ֮ȶ
ʵϣҲȷ֪һУΪ֮Եʡ
֮ؼһ֣棡
˵ת
ɶԣҪΪһתŵޣճ֮߼֮ʶԣһֶ˵ת
ֻת˵裬ܻһ˿֮
ʵϣת޴ڣֻеִ۷˲ܸоˣȻҲܸоĵͨˣֻܿԵԶŹֶԣࡣ
ǰռҸŮ
ǶԣŹְǽܼҵıƻ飬Ƕת
Ϊʵѹȣܼҵıƻ飬˵ѾӰ쵽ǸŮһһɽ
Ӵһ桱ڶŹȴʲôҲ㲻ϣ־Ϳ԰һת⣬͵һ档
ɣȵףȥʱԷѾȻҲһֶ˵תʱ׸֮ȴɢˡ
ΣһתȴǰҶԷתɺƣϲãͼ
Ȼͱ֮ĶŹ֣Ĳ׽һ˿
˵ҲͨɣҪֻ֮ܵȴԵ
磬ռҸŮתģǶŹ֣ǻһˣһˮ֮ɣԷһװնɽŮ˵תΪŮݡתϢķʽϲúͼǸˮ֮ɣתһ޷׽棬У֮Ȼûнݾͼɵġ
⣬ԶŹ֣ȴ⣬ľĳɣϲúͼķ֮Ǳյ
˳ЩоתϢ
ȻҲֻǴͻƣңԶĺܣ⣬Ҳ㹻ŹϲˣΪϣ
ڣִ͸оϲúͼ֮ΪתϢκθЧֻҪ˳˿оһǾͿһָͻơ
ָоľ磬һЩǾ̫ˡȻʱû˼ףŹȴɾϲܲ׽ĸоԣѾĺˡ
ǣҲϲУת֮Ϣȴֽȥ⵹öŹ΢΢üǸоûгʧȡ˼ԭҺʼûԾ˼ȥΪʲôԷŮľȶ
һԽԽĸд£ųٵ˼άŹڽһ˿ͷȻʵԭ򣬻һЩ࣬ȴҲѾˡ
һ֮󣬶Źٴһϲ룬ֱӾ৵һԺ֮⡣
Ȼ˵ת󣬿ܻɢһ˿֮ϢЩǿȥǶԸоĵ
ֻҪܸоһβԸΣβΣл֮ĸһֱͻƵģ
ȻϲŹҲȷԼĸоȷҪģȥղŵ
ȳԺԺ̾ɢȥ̽ɶ˵ת
ܿ죬ܼҴԺ⣬һĻͨѰĽ󣬾֮¡
֮󣬶Źٴһʧ
ȴǿڣնɽɵˣô£ղŵôˣ
УղŵĶŹ־ھܾնɽ¹ʱͻȻһһ־ϲɻԭһᣬȻֱֱɳԺ䡣
ܲȣöŹ̶ֳȵǿߣ˾ɲģһ¡
Ƭ̣Ȼ˴˶һۣնɽҲ͵ĵͽһͼȥ淢ʲô£ڵĶŹ֣Ѿǿܼˣʧǲ˰ȻҪ׷ȥԷȥ
Ȼ£Ҳһ˿д·ҶԶԷҪǿĿµΪٶҲһףһʧȥҲǣ
ֽУնɽŮһһУִԺ֮󣬲͵ľֻΪղһŹֵ뿪ԺĶŹ֣ʱȻûԶ룬Ȼռլǰʮĺ̲ǰͣ
ô£

ȫɻնɽſ첽СĵǰͼŹһŵĶź̲ϣһֻýӥ»ӥģȴһ߲߳ߡ
һһĻնɽֱӾȫ΢΢һ򣬲ûǱˤڵأʲôЦԶŹΪǿߣղ־ϲɻôãȻ󼱼ǿһֻӥȥץһߣ
⡭
ǰ޴ķ̫ˡ
ǣȴ˿֪ʱĶŹ֣жôǰһӥһߣͨĺܣһͨ˶ԣֻû˿㣬Ϊ۷壬ת˵ϢҲû
ȴǼҪһΪһߣˣת
Ӳͻӵõ֮ת̺תϢ
ҪҪְҸֻӥߵˣͱתˣ϶Һϲãչƣתŷ֮ӦòŻǿ󡭡
ǰŹ£࿪ʼ˿ٵķת˼


414 ޴ľϲ
һ׵ĵһ⵰ôǮԼת۵Ŀꡣ
вƱõһǱǮˣתˣҲǮˣŬܶһŬǮǲһ˸п
Ϊ뵽ЩŹֲûжȥߣֻվԶĹۿ˫Ĳġ
ϣʤԼѱɱˡ
Ҳע£ǰһӥ˻ֻýӥס·ɣԼ߿ٵķֵ֮ͨҲ˰Ȼĵز
Ź֣࿴ԽԽţԽԽ
ֻźͼģնɽԼкȴŮ⵽ô£
һǿߣȻΪ˶ϷҲ̫˰ɣ
ɲΣҲǰȥŶŹֻ֣һվں󷽣ۿǰϷһĻ
Ҳ£ʱţһӥһߵĲģ˽ֻӥһ׺˻߲Сߣ̾ͱץ˸߿գһһĻŹһ̾ߣչ黹ûתԼˡ
Ҳȷתô򵥣ҲͲˡ
֮̾󣬶Źһָһľ磬ֱӾͻ߿գ󣬿еӥһƺܵʲôˣֱӶСߣԶԶȥߣڿл֮ವһ£ǰĺڴȥ
һ̣ŹҲһݣһθӴתϢವһ£͸СߣǱˮС
ɽˮԲ˵һߵˣԷӳ죬Ȼ־ϲҲǱ׽˸˿
ڼӻϳʱԥ׷ȥ
ֻΪܽԷߣԷ˵ĸоֻһƬãȻû˳ɹתϢ
ۡ
ŶŹǱնɽֳɵˡ
ǿˣŹַһƾ磬ֻӥǣѵﶢһһӥôãΪ˾ߣ
ǣƾǲѴ֮ҪôãУߣбҪҲһ׷
ãҲ֪һôֻ֮ת˼С

ļ죬ϣڶִͨȾľͻȻڸһ£Ǿǣ϶һİˡ
İ˵ľֹҲֱ쵽˼㣬ɵɵվںӱߣһЩƧشҪôӥץߣҪôץ󣬻Ƶ飬һǺþãڣԷŶҪƻ
ÿηľ磬ǱЩûлӵиľ񣬲˸һ֣ÿһζЩ߻ȵȣҪԼɱҪͷȣȻβӴܵ߻ʧΪ
һھ񣬼ֱǻ˹һʲôЦһûɣôһˣ쿴ЩȤȻĲֱֺǻƣ
ģҲżϳˣɵļһնɽǰС򣬶һֱļһ
ۣҲ˾Щ˼飬ǼһȻˣ
粻ѣѵĻһѱˣ֮󣬿ŶԷ׾ӿЦΪҲʵЦԷǡ
ǰܴ˶˵Էȣĳɣû˿ǲͨӤȲϵķʲô
һ㻹һЩõľ磬ܻһЩھԪЩ޷ŵĺܿ죬ֲһֱɢľôһֻͨһɱ
ⲻǹؼؼȻô͸£ֱǻ֮ˡ
˻£ҲϲˣЦǰϡ
գֱӵܼռҳʱϾĹעߣų״Ǹļһƿ
峿һƹߣʱ򣬾Ͷ
ϾǿƵܴ˼ϲֻҪסģͲܲǰ
ǰŭէһȥݵܼҴ壬ֱֱռҸȥʱΧԵĲپȴ¶һ˿ϧ
ռѾͷ˭֪Ưʻ˵ǺˣһЩȥˣظ˵ӸԭѾͷòҲһָġ
˵ֻҪǺ꣬ûвйͻģڣŶԷܼңЩˣҲֻУĽʼɡ
˵ܴ˼ҵλ٣ôˡ
ǿϧˣѾͷһô
٣˰ɣܼܼңδزĸ֡

͵͵Уŭ壬ڵִռ⣬˻ĽʼɵĿ⣬£һƬ⣬۲ôãڶԷھҪˣҪ˵²Ǽٵġ
Եɨɨңһڵţ
ǣ١վһģϴǰռҵߣĻ̤ܿǰԺš
ҲͬʱռլڣΪ춯նɽͼ˶Źֵķǰ
ʮ磬ˣǸô죿һĻźͺ£ȻѼʶ˶ŹֵʵԷҲӦ˰ⳡƻ飬µͷЩš
һԵնɽǴŲǣ֮ǰԿ϶Źֵʵֹͨᵤ۷壬ֻԷһֲҩݾͿԿֻҪԷָһЩʵ;Կܴˣ˭֪ЩԷֹûȥָʵһֱЩֵ£Ҳʵ̫˾Ͳˡ
֪ûʵĶŹ֣ûи£Ըִʦܴˣжٰա
ҲŮֵֻ̿ĵȴ£ͷľţӦһЦĶŹ־ͳǰ
һնɽֿ˿ŹֲֻЦˣûϵڸת˵֮Ϣʱ޲ɾ硣
ŻָʵֻΪûһʦ˵ʦˣž׳ڵĴ٣壬㲻ʩչ٣øֻٿƷٷ֮һӲնɱκδʦԣƲʱ֮ʱģȻȥ֤ԼƲ⡣
û뵽ǣһε֤£ľ磬һδȶȻԭơ
ֻյĸһԭĳɵɾ磬ȻָһС롣ָԭԱԭ룬ҩȥ޸ɾ磬ࡣ
Ҫ˶ãܳ׸ԭ
βϲ
Ц£Źֲſ϶ĳ˵ͷ
£˲źãǲĻһ治֪ô͸һεľϲ
ȷŹֿ׼˺ôһݾϲ常ӵġ
ݾϲǸӶԣҲһתʱ£ܶԷתʱɢ֮ϢȻϰļһͱˣﻹҪȵ죿


415 ʧɫ΢Ц
ЦУŹֱӾ̤ԺŷȥնɽһĻҲģŶŹ־һȥ
һ֨ѽһУ˲ͱ©۵ףЦߣŭ壬Լܼӭ׵Ķ飬ԶԶ࣬ĺ
һУڽŹʱ˶Էߡ
ֻɲǼ䣬֮ǰЦӯӯˣȫ΢΢һ㶡
⡭ⲻǸϷɵǸһʲôУնɽȻûдϲ
ŴһҸŮ˾벻ˡ
վ֮ӽռԺŵߣؾɫ䣬ԷǺݺݵڶŹɨһȦŲֱֱնɽŮɽѵˣҴϲ֮գ
ֹߣܼӭˣɫҲһ̣ӭ֮գзһж׼׵Ůţȴ˿ûκ׼һǳ裬ǲŭ
ڶѹֶŭɫϵ壬ȴһ˿ŭɫֻɵɵĶŶŹһĴѺɫ
ǰľ񣬴ʱҲһƬȻͺɣռҵôȻڴͥ£ܴ˵ⲻ
ռҸŮʵһڣһͨˣܼұʲôȻȻռҶһˣǸˣֻһֻЦϣ粻Ķ࣬βɻ
ܼ˷ŭŭ⣬Լ˵ȫɲɫնɽڴʱȴû̫ţֻǾİ߷ǰĶŹϣ·ֻҪڣǰһУڲ⡣
Źֱ֣Ц죬ռңŮ
һ仰׾˵ע⣬ע⣬ȴֵľĪ
ûռҲŮ˭֪ǸûǸӲޣڣնɽŮһֱ˵ĻȻһ˵˳
ƾʲôƾһֱ϶Щӥ׽ߡ׽ȵһǰļһƾȫ綼ĳɣûһ˿ķ
죬ЦҲ̫˰ɣ
˲ԺӿһͷܼˣڶŹֽ껰֮ӿģǷŭһƬ֮ɫ
ʲôЦƾҶܼ˵ֻ
٣һȻԴˣռҸŮҲôȻΪһɵӣΥܴ˵Ļ
ֱǲ֪̫Цˣ

ܼ˻ھû֮ʱǰľ񣬵ȫˣ׷ָŶŹ־һЦõ䡣
һƬ£վڶŹǰߣҲڻعȻҲô»֮ڣҪģȴܼҵ棬ǿѹ˿ЦõɫֱӲȻŭ̧־Źֻȥƾ㣿䡭
䡫
Ҳһȭҿ֮У̾;һŨĻɫ󣬾ͷ·һէֵĻһ㣬ݺߵȭͷŹ֡
һһĻ󲿷ˣɫһݣֱӸеһϢû뵽ܼҵϹܼңһΪ۷壡
һ۷ǿߣ޳֣Ըһɵӣ˵ôͬһʱ䣬ռҸŮ֮⣬ڶӿһ˿
Ҳ˵֮£ŹȴͻȻЦˣһ΢Цֽŵʱ̣ƽţƺܲˣֵǣԭܱʲô˼ȺڶԷһ΢Ц£ȫɫ·ŶԷһ΢ЦΧضʧȥɫ
˵ǲʧɫأŶԷһ΢Ц
ǵ壬޷ٱƣֻŶԷ΢ЦԵϲãƽ֮⡣
⣬һʲôľ磿
ۡ
Ҳ˳ڶԷ΢Цʱһص죬ͻȻʹǰ𣬵죬ٴξʱǲźȻһ̻ݵߣʱȻһ̲һήҲѵ̱£Ѫ
ǰԭǱ˶Ϊ˵ĶŹ֣ȴղһվϣɻһ˿Ц⣬
⵽Ƿʲô£
һ˲䣬˶״ˣղžʲôǸɵӳˣ׳ûУˣôÿһ˸оõûУִ۷ߡ
޴ľУٴοһ̱ڵϲסѪߣڿһƽЦĶŹ֣һ⣬ͷ·һ籩һ㣬ֱֱͰѵ˶
ȡȡʦ
ҲһƬŵĳĬУ߲ڻعǼ˹һŶŹ֣ڸղţ֪ԼôܵãֻǵöԷһЦͳЦ£Ц˶ֵЦȻԼʲôˣҲֲ̫ˡ
һɿֲ˼޵ѹͺݺѹš
ɷ顣
ǣôģ
ˣǸôѺ󣬻һֱôΪ죿ôܻôǿʵ֪ܶôܵʵǴʦߴʦϵΪ
ҲĻڣ˶صһɵӣȻǴʦ
ɲ֮䣬ǰŹֵھ񣬳׾ͰЩˣǻں޵Ĳɱ찡ǾȻһʦ棬ôԷ
ܼˣҲëˣһʦͿԺԥնɱ˰ڣǸô죿
֪ģˣԼһ৵һ£ҲҿŹ֣֮ǰһֱΪĳ֣¶ɫ壬һ
ҲڳһƬʱӭ׶ĺ󷽣ͻȻͱһɼΪǿϢһЦҲֱӴӺ𣬡ԭѾǴʦˡĳǰ׾ˣδúдѡ
ӵĻ£ӵģȻܲڣΪΨһĴʦܺǰȻܼҴԺӭ׶Ļع飬ߺȻʱ̲˴˵ص䣬ʵʵ˵ûϵռҸŮȻ⣬һʦǿ߲֣
ǣǿߣǰ̽ȷԷһ磬ȫĳɡ
£ȷ̫ˣܺлֱӱԼս⣡
ԷҲǴʦΣҪƻ£ɾǵ˵ܺв衣
һЦ֮ܺиͦӣ৵һͳǰ˶Ź֡
ȴҲûֱӳ֣ղŶԷλߵģûп˵һʵԲٲ̫ѷɫ⵱Ȼ
ڸղż˵ˣһս߰ܺг֮󣬶ʱȫ⾪Ҳһ˿˷ܡ
ܴҪˣǵһ£ǻʦ֮ս⣬˲
Դ˵ȾŹȴٴЦˣ΢ЦһղǰΣˣܺڣֳȫʧ˶ԷʧɫЦ¡
һֲ죬ٴλ˵ʱֱֱ̱ڵ£ɫһƬɷ׵ܺУˣȫɵˡ
⡭ôܣԷǴʦôôͬǴʦܴˣȻܵ˳ף˲һ
УԷ΢ЦǵʲôЦݰȻôֲôȻ˲òϣǼһЦʱ˼Ϊʣ֮ĺҲ̫˰ɣ
ܺУڴʱҲֵ˼ޣô£챾ӣôͻȻıʣǰˣ˭ʲôΪôôǿô£
׻һʦѵԪӤ棿ǵһԪӤڣֻҪ뿪δػ̫£ʱ뿪ô
һ뵽ԼڶԷһ֮䣬ܺгױˣǰĲ࣬Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
˾޴ת䣬Ҳʵ˱˭뵽֮ǰ־ʱ̣ת֮ͳʱܱ˻ɱ
һʱ䣬֮޴תۣܺڣ̾ͷһ˿˿ȵתϢ
Ź֣һ̣ȴǰһֱֱʹһ˿΢Ц̤ǰվܺһ֮⣬ٵĸ˶ԷɢϢ
һЦ𣬺ڶ͵Ⱥ̾ȫľһ㣬һ׷׾žǱӴܣЦݣֱ̫£̫ˣ
ԭϵ壬žһͱŵôϵ䣬ݺݵˤ˵ϡ
һֹ̣ܺУܼˣɢһǿתϢ


416 ǵǣһжģ
㣿Ҫʲô
Էһ̤ôվԼǰܺҲǱˣһҪʲôɱԼǲɱ
ܺеʻ壬һɫĶŶŹ֣ԼڶԷһ֮£ֲ֪Է᲻ʹɱָ֣оҲʵ̫ĥˡ
ѯʣŹȴֻǾվڵأһƽĿ˿ܺУɨһۣ󣬳׳Ĭ
һĬҪܼҸӳɵˡ
Ҫɱǣǲɱ
ô˵İɣܺô˵仰̬
ԽԽأɫҲԽԽţռǰټһӭ׳棬ǳһƬš
˭ҲҶ˵һ仰˭Ҳ˿ֻǵǸֲĸ֣ɶԷôһֱĬȥŵգཥһӴɽ壬һ㣬һε׹䣬ȴָû֪ɽ᲻Ľ䣬ѹ
ģһܼӵҲܲסŵķΧ˫һԼԼ˹ȥ
ܺиǰһ̲Ũĺˮ棬ʴһͿȻû֪ӶŹֿʼĬֱڣ˶ãһʱ䣬Ҳ˶öꡣ
Ҳ£ȥ˺þúþá
һֱĬĶŹ֣ɫһ˾ͱһɡ
̫Ӵˣڿѹ£û֪Լ˾ΣЩԽ壬Խ㯣벻ǰǵƽ£ϲȣɵķԽ󣬶ϣɢתϢԽǿ
һǿϢ֮ĸԽԽ
Զ֮ǰڵ񣬶Ҫ࣬Ҫǿһ˿˿һ֮ĴܵĴˣٿʼ޸ԭ
̶ֻһٷĹǷ֣ԭһɵɾ磬Ȼ𽥱ƽԲ
˵ֻôһ㣬һ͹ˣܳ׿
û뵽ҪָԲʱЩתϢĲȻȥȴΪھ޴ֳõѹ£½Ϊˣһ϶ˣתϢȻͿʼʧˡ
Ͼתֻ֮˳־޴תۣӴĵʱŻ֡
֮ϢɢŹһֱ̾ɨҵܺеˣһЦһĨ޷Ƶľޣҹ
һ仰ĺӵĻܺе˶ȴ֮ɲ֮䣬ܵػˣ̾Ϳʼһ̵ȥ
Ҳֻ˲䣬Щѱѹ͸СǱޱȵıͷܣ̶Ƭ̣ԭΧȺ׾ɢ˸һɶ
ϷԵһĻռҸŮȴҲǿۣȻҲ֪ŹʵͣҲûϵִʦΪܺУǰһ
Ǵ͵ģں棬ĺǳ⣬ǱʱŹ־ٴһ˿ϲɫžͻȻʧ˵ء
֡ʮ粻ɱǣ뿪ˣΪʲôôģĿͣڶŹһ˲ľϲ֮ϣһɵˡ
Ůʣնɽҡҡͷֻ˵Է̫ˣʲô£ԶԶġ
ҲȷǵȻ֪ŹľϲΪЩԭΪ˵ˣͻȻֿԲʱٴο̾˵һ׵Ĵתֱһɼǿ֮ϢϾҪ׿ĶŹֶԣǾѵҩλ᲻Ķβϣ

ܼҡ
ֱǱֵӻ˼УܺԼ壬ͬʱһ̫ˣղָоʵ̫尾ˣڣԷǷǻ
ͬʱ̱ڴϣ˺þúþãϲŽָѪɫ󣬾ЩԹĶܺеףǸô죿
ǰӹһ٣Ժô죿Ҫ֪ղţӵǶ˸ɸɾˣԺҲں̧ͷˡ
Ļܺе˫΢٣ЩƣƵĵǻ뿪ɡ
ʲôһ⻰ʱ󾪣뿪ǣԷȻǿ󣬵ܺС
ҪȻص˼Уδؾ˵ļأǵǣһжġҲʱܺȴֱӴС
ȷǸһΪʵڿ£ʦʵڶԷǰǲһǣܺб󣬻ڣһӡ
ֻҪֶΣ¸һڵǰǶԷһڵļһ϶
ΪȷŹǷڹעǣܺиϱʾ
ĽͣҲɫһ䣬תΪһɥͰյĵǺá
ɥͰ֮£ȴĵļϲĿԵִɣǾͿԳڶˣ
˾Ͷһεɫ뿪˺
Ҳ뿪֮һӰسȥĵ·ϣӰŹٴεһЦʧԭأȴȥ׷٣Ǳܼҡ
ܼҸӵΪͲмһˣֻҪһΪԭԷܰʲôֵһᡣ
ڣҪģͻǳЩܼӵܣɢתϢʱϿȥ֮ҪΪֹ֮ǹϵǷܿٸԭϵǲ̤ɾô֮ϢȥҲδ̫˷ˡڣ⣬ԷٶһЩˣ

ǡ
ΪӸԭϣΨһһţϣ£ټһڣӸԭȨ죬еߣܼΪ١
ڣһƬ˵ַǷ
ֻڱϵ֮£һĵڣһеȵӣȴսսȸһ㣬СĶֹĿŴڣһˡ
˼һĻԻᵱһֻΪȸһս꣬ڵһΪѵִ۷ġ
ƽʱ֮¾磬ҲӸԭһ籩ڣôǹɵģֱǷ˼
ⲻ֪ʱģҲǱë˵ӣ֪Ϊʲô߰ɣ
ǺӣǱˣӴͳ죬Է״½׹ƽĵʵ²ԷЬ䣬ڣȻͳ쾹Ȼڣβ𾪣֣̿
ֵ̿ǣԷڼ֮󣬾һ仰Ҳ˵ֻǾ﷢ҲʵԽĲˡ
ҲĶǲ֮ʱһֱĬطһ̾ƵĶġ
ˣŹ־ģ
ɹڵǳ񱩵ĶңȻ֪Ҳ㱻Ҳҿʱû̫룬ǳңڶķƼԵŽҶһ١
ƵǣԺɹһ꣬ûȵŹֵӰӡ
꣬ڿɳ˶ԣʵڲֻ緲׼һնѡ
ɹڣ£ȴ˳ŵù꣬ڵôֱ֮Ӿ֪ŹֿܳˣڣҰ㱨
ҲҶôϵΧŹֵ䣬ϾŹѾҹԷڰжԶŹֵĵ飬϶ûȥڶһᱻҹһ֪ϢʱŹʲô⣬ֻ⡣ԣʣµļ꣬һֱһŹֵټ
Уɹ֮⣬;ɽһ࣬ȴ޹Ҳֱſʼڿ;ɽһϸѰġ
ڣֽһҲ֪ܲҵԷټ
ӸԭҲҲˡ


417 ܺУȻӺΪʦ
պ
һӰؾͳǣ֮⡣
ǰӴΰĳǳأܺԼ壬ȫǼЩ
ˣ;գڼྭڵˣڼ䣬ǸļһҲûг֡
Էǳ׷Źǡ
ֿ̹ǵ裬ԷĹǣܺˣ಻˿м
ȻԼʵǳ϶޷ģڣһжһˣһǣǾ͵ҵ˿ɽ
ˣ壬Ƚ˳֮ҸЪŵĵطңȥݼһʦˡӣܺҲ֪⾿ΪŭǻΪ˷ܡ
ǣסܺеӣ˷ܵĵ˵ͷ
Լ˵ص֮󣬾ڳֱ𣬶ܺУֱֱĽȺȥ
ǽȺš
ִ֮ܺǹĳŰʩһ񣬲ſڽ⣬óöָЦ
ǰܺʩʱһưܺнڼӺưɫ΢һЩֱ󣬵ȶԷָʱɫųƽ
ЦŽӹָ̽һһ˲ЦŽȥͨ
ֱ˺Ƭ̣Է߳ڡ
ʦܣɣγϴӦˡ
˶ԷĻܺЦлһݱ𣬲СĶֹȥ
ټڴƬ̣˲ŵִһıԺǰǻȥ֮ܺвֹĶűԺڵ
ʦ𣬵Ӻǰݼ

ܺеĻԺһƽȴһ˿һ仰ܺһͣСĵ˽ȥ
̤ԺڵķܺһɨһӢֱֱ꣬ߵȥҲУؿڣòΰˣ¾˵
ΪͷĿܺһۣӸ£ҲǺܲܺУǸļһ
Ϊһ³ϣӸһΪѵִ˶ɽٺڣӣҲȫԪӤڣΨļһͣڴʦֵײľ磬⼸һҲȫֻļӡ
Ҫ£Щļһ
һ仰ܵӸ䵭ܺٴһ㶣ȻƬ̣ڼӸɫԽԽʱͻȻʹֱֱڵϣӸȥʦˣΪ
ԷԲͣΪһѩǰܣֲʧȥӸ֧֣һ̣ܺҲʲô˲ˡ
ʹޣӸһ㶣Ͼӿһ˿ŭɫ˿ŭȴܺУΪѵӣί
ȻѶԷǣҲÿ˲ǣ
ӸԭˣҲ˸Ҷ
Ͳã⵵£Ӹŭˣֱһ죬ô£
ǳ֮£ܺҲֹͣ˿ӸΪͷƣܺв´ϲʦģҲ֪Ϊ㣬ʦ࣬һֱںڣʱ̲ŬþԪӤڣԱʦĴû뵽ǰЩʱա
Ӹܺ£ϲЦǸһʵһԪӤڶ治ˣߥ޵Ӹɽٺڵǿ߳棬κβöԷӸУ˿һڸǿʿ
·ܴ裬ϾͿԵñܺԽԽԽԽ˷ܣǿϲɫ۲Ӹɫ
ȻΪ֪λʦ鲻ãֱӾͽص㡣
ǾĶϵ÷Ͷϣڴϲӣ˭֪ͻȻɱһŹ֣ɫǿףź˵棬Ǹӡ
ϾҲ֪Ӹͷģµļӱƻ鲻ɣ裬Ǹ˳ͷȻɽ磬ʵϣӸͬʵʿǰҪġ
ֻҪܰƭȥʱڶ˵һЩǸһĻӸֱǣ˭˵
£ӸɫҲȻϣֱ̾󣬾ҲǺ
дڵĵط˶ͽ˿ڷܺеĹ۲УӸڲȻŭݺݵĻһķֱֱͰǷĳޣˣҲ͵شԭվŭĿܺС
ȻŭӣȻҲܺС
һӸŭܺжʱٴοϲֱӾͷٴʧʹޣʱڼӸ̬ȺϲΪԼ֦ҶǵģʦˣΪʵǰѾҺˣ֮ǰһֱǻԲѣǵӵһңȻϸϣû뵽ͻȻ֮󣬲ֹ
ģΪʦףȵȣ˵ղˣǰѾˣܺв仰ãһһǰӸֱ¾һݣ˶Է
ǰǸĶӸɻܺ͵һ㶣Ǽæ͡
ˣʲôӣܺеĵͷӸٴĴ϶ԷĻԵЩ
һģȴܺɵˣǼæ˶ŹֵòҲӸʱʹˡ
˺þúþãԺУһͷ찡ˣǡͳҪҵֵô
ȷ¶ŹʧٵϢҹĿ֮ڣĿŵȥ飬ȴ԰һЩʿԪȨֻҪǵԪʩطҲй¶йضŹֵ£ͿԷЩȥһѰҡ
Щ߰ɣЩеִĲ˵ǿɣԪȨһɣǣǺ£ͳĹϵ桭ڽҪĨɱǣҪԪô鷳ô
Դʱڣٸ߲㣬ȫԪȻһɢȥѰҶŹˡ
Ӹ֮ǰ鲻ãΪûֵϾְ£Ϊ˶Ŀڸ߲㲻ȫҲҪһš
ƿ֪ǰͽýһᣬȴֻܿűȥ
ȴû뵽ķУһӣȻȻŹֵ䣿찡ֱҪ̫ˡ
ӶǴУӸ׾ЦǰͽͳĻᰡβ˷ܣֻһƬЦУͻȻһͣƺʲôҪ£ֱֱܺУһĲ֮ɫ㡭ղŵ˼Ϊʦͷɱˣ
ʦΪȻЩղӸãȶԷʳ仰ǿ϶˵ͷ
ȴû뵽һͷ̾ӸëˣΪŭֵ˼ޣĲ
ʲôһ⣬Ҫȥɱͳֵܣ⡭
ͻȻ䣬׵Բ˫ۣգҲٵĳ鴤ͣһ˫֣ҡӸһ̣ǻŭͷ𣬶򵨱ֱӾһ֣ͷľܺȥиƿڴܺУȻӺΪʦ
ž
һ֮£ӸֱӾͰܺиĻ겻壬һͳⲿݺݵȥ
ɱܺУԼ˲Ҫһ᣿ɱˣԺ˯˯ȣ


418 һһݣͲʮˣ

һӰֱ͸󣬳˾һڡ
ǰѾԼɼĺУΪһӣͻȻ͹Ц
Ц֮תź󷽣ɫֲ̿ӵģͦ˼ģһʦǧټƵҪ֣ʵ̾
Ӱ
ԴӸܺпе֪ǸںǶŹֺȻܺеⲪȻŭ޲չҲ⴦ܼҸӣǴż飬͸Ѷ򣬰Ϣ֪˻Լ
ԭԼļӣȻȥ˵ֵһ£ӸҲ֪Է᲻ŭ᲻ŭ֮£Լ
ӸĪǣٸϻأܺейؼ󣬾ȻЦ
ڸһ·һֱЦûй˼⵹öİֵɻΪλ˿ġ
Ȼ֪ԶŹǸһҹɣһͣЪİ㣬ӺǷ˸Ĳʣ֪ܺһʦҲȥʱȻǾûޱȡ
ȻЦ⣬Ϊҵ˶Ź֣Կġ
ȻܺеļУŹأ֮󣬻ôֵΪҲɻޱȣһУֻҪڣͶˡ
ٴδЦ֮Ҳܺĵ˷ӦΣֱӾһȱ
ˣղǾ仰ҲʵԼӸŵòᣬʲôͦ˼ģô
УĺӸŭĿܺиӣ޲õնɱźйͷֻޣҲ˵ӣҪŹַ䣬Ҳֻܱһ˾׷ȥ
ʱܺиӣȴǺڵĶҪɱˣ뵽ǸŹ֣ȻһǿӵĴͳ찡ǶԷʵǵλֱֲϢ
ԭĿڣڶԷֻһֻĲ˵֮ҲһʸӵˣһĲʵҲ̫ˡ
ǰȥڣǰȱԼ֮ǰȴ۰Ͱ͵ΪֻҪڣͿƽ£ܴñڿɺãԱܺеʦ𣬰ѺǰȺ˵Ĵð
֮ǰʵ֣β˱
ĶһۣܺԼ壬̾ͷ˱˴УİûԼ޾Ļ̿֡


ʱСԴӶŹռС¶֮ˣһƬУ϶ǴŲŲһֱڼУٺǸֲļһκǣ
ΨֻռҸŮһϲ֮⣬һֱΪĶŹ֣Ҳ֪ȥǺˡ
Դʧֹ֮˴ʱ䣬Źֲŷռңһֱ˿ͷڣȻ˲״ˡ
ŮҲֻһȴŹг
Ҳ£һӰؾͳռұԺڣ⵹ֱӾնɽ˴ӷ߳󣬾ͼף䲻Ӱ
¶ɻֱӾЦնɽǸŮĲ
Ц֮΢΢ųӦֱӾͺڶŹֵ֯һһգٴһϲ־ڷⲼһ֣ѶŹڵķλȫڵŲȡƷȥɡ
ղŵĸӦǷŹֵȻѾҪָԲĵزֻ˵ƣѾõòˣԷʱ϶ڻָڻָУڷⲼ˿ֻ˵ǲǰŮ
ȻѾǾ;ԻöŹְˡ
⡭
ȻʶеֻʵۣˣնɽǾ
Ҳʱ߿ϣٴݣԼӸֱܼҸӣִԺڡ
˻ûͣΣһۼеʱͷһ󾪺Ʒ
Уִ۷ģҲһ˿ĽƷҲͰˣͨɣܻãҲ⣬Ƿ͵ƷռҸŮҲʵ̫ˡ
Ȼۺ죬ҲֻĽˣʮӣҲҶʼɡ
˵ľ׾ռҸŮˣֻɵɵվԭأȥӣƷ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һĻˣǸżռҸŮɵȻӣ
ǺǡȻֵ°ɡҲڳ潩УԭڷµĶŹ֣ȴͻȻŶЦŶԽնɽ
ϣղһֱڻָԴܺи뿪̫ãһֱתϢĸԭľ磬Գ׻ָļգڻָ
ָֻȻֻյעҺΪһΪ̫ǿҲķ˲ʱգֱڣûг׸ԭֻǻָ˰˳ɵĹȻѾˣҲûҪȻָٳˡ
ҲŶŹһ仰̾תͷֱ࣬ӴЦϲָԭɹһѾˣڼְȻĳǷˣȻպĳ϶ٻȥ¡
⻰öŹ΢΢Σɹһ£̫⣬̫Ųɵģ֮ǰ׾ͲֹһȰҪСģǱȥ
ЩΧ˶УȴֱӾһƬκˣɹȣ
ӸԭͿ;ɽɹǷ;ɽյľأˣ˭ûɹȣǿɣҪС׵أŹ֣ȻǴɹȳģô˵ԷҲǽɣң˵⣬޷ȥ½ĸ£֮⣬˭
ԭǻֻΪŹֵֻܣݣ־ηȴû뵽ʵȻ˿ֲݣԶ֮ǰĸֲ
ȳ׹֮ܺиӣҲܲ˾޴Ĵֱ̼Ӿͱ˹ȥӸһŵͷ亹Ͼܺоļӡ
ŮĿ࣬Ҫ֪ǲǸո֪Źֵݡ
һɹȣһ£Ůŵø֪ηӦˡ
ǺǣⶼҾȡԹ֡εҡҡͷŹŰʩչƽ֮ɢŮеľηͻţٴЦţ֣һЩҪЩ£ٺһǡ
ȷĿǰҪΪ̤֮⣬ʣµģθռҸŮˣЩԶǼһ¶ԷΪѣҪ֪һŮͯתŮḶ́ӶԷչʳ£ÿˣΣȻҪƴЩźá
ŶŹֵĻٴЦˣ޷ԭҲֻǵĶˣڼƽ£ȻûˣĳɵȺˡ
⵹ʵҶŹ֣⣬ǰڹۿܺеļʱΪԷأڼŹƶˣȻͲٵʲôˡ
Ц̤֮񣬷ŮУŶ˵ߣһִˡ
ȿˣٴȥ󣬶ŹֲȻһЦתЩ㲻ǰֲ̿ЦôһһݣͲʮˣ
һ仰϶ԷֿЦ⣬Ҳ׻Ц
ǰǰת䣬Ǹ׽ˡ


419 
ͻЦ⣬ŹҲЦˣִӴָУȡһƷħԪ¡
ԷֻɽͨˣʵҲʵ̫ˣûһԱ֮
С£Ȼڻ¡
ڼħԪȴ΢΢һ㶣¸һ˿ΣǺܿӹħԪС
ţŹֲܻẦ
ҲڷħԪɲǣһ̾ͱʹ̿һնɽѣжŹڣҲʵڲ˵ʲô룬бҪôǸģܴɹ߳ʵҪô鷳
նɽε񣬶Źٴ΢΢һЦ֮Ȼϸ˵ֻǽƷƷ֮֮䣬Ĵ֮⣬һиԼͨߡ
ȥǱƷһ޷ߣ䣬мӵƷģңĺôֻ֮һָԼϣԶƷ׵Ķࡣ
Ƕ˵ĳЩ£֮һƷҪЩ
Ҳնɽǵĵȴ£ŹħԪϴϣؾʹһͻϢŵϢնɽϣ̾һ˿ϲɫȻϲɫУһ˿ȣȵĳɷ֣ȴССϾԶŹ֡ɡʵӱͨ˶ʵ̫ˣһ˿ȣֻΪûħԪֶѡ
ͬʱҲۣھ޴ı仯ˣ˷ܵҿǵõİߵСһ㣬ӣҪɰжɰ
ллʮ硣˺þãŴЦ϶Źֱֵۣл
ǺǣŸջøǸϿȥȹһ£ӣԺˣҲԼӦˡŹЦЦ
ȡһöָնɽһЩ磬ȽЧĵҩȥֻҪգòһأԪӤڡ
Щҩǵڵѹζãիhͺù֮󣬶ûЧҩ
ЩֺռҸŮЦһ󣬿Ůȥ󣬶ŹֲŰεڵܺиϣˣôˣնɽŮʵȥ֮Ƕˡ
ӣڶԷսսĿֻע£ŹȴʲôҲû˵ֻǻ־ȥ
ȸˣſʼ⡣
ͨתʱɢ֮ϢƣѾȬβͻƽڣҪͣĸ
˵ָ򣬱޸ʱҪĸҪĶ࣬Ͼ֮Ϣ޸֮ͺñø߼鵤ˣȻö࣬һҪģʵʵĽˡ
Ҫķѵʱ䲻̣ɶԶŹֶԣˣ۷壬ûôף׸֮ܵϢ
ʣµʱ䣬Ǿ֮ĸ̶ȣȰѾڣ˵ģҲøնɽһЩʱ䣬ȥӦµ
һŹһʧԭء
ʱ£Ҳû⣬նɽΪȥΰǣǷŶԷǣһǡ
һУǵ̤ɾ˵Ҳ١
һֱΧźңǰһ㣬ЩתʱԹ۲й¶֮Ϣ
һδιĦ֮УãԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿʼޱƽͻƵĽ׶Ρ
ֱֳһ֮ãھĻ֮£Źڵָһһͻƣ̤ɾ硣
ڴ̥ǵľޱ䣬ǰִ40000.1ľԪԪֵ
ϣ¶˳Цݡ
ɾһ޴ķˮ룬ֻҪպ󣬵ִɾͿӵгҩˡ
ȻҲ֪ɾ磬̤ڣһǳѵ£Ҫָסһɱ֮ġ
Щ£޷һʱɼˣʱģǴһʱ䣬ʵϴһΣ˵ǰֻܺͽɳڵ൱ôڣֱ׷ɺڣ⻹ֻΪıȽϡ
˵ȥһɹȣϴΣ˸İգڣŹȴûм̤ɹȵ˼⵹ˣǾһε¼Ѿףɹڣܴɷ֣ǿ
ΪҩѾɷһգв㣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱڲֵޣһսͻᾪɹȵĳӰ䣬Ҳֻܿ
һΣ֮ûо԰յ£Ȼա
ϸ˼֮󣬶ŹֲŷռңԼĽ飬ѡ
˴ʱնɽҲĲ೹Щҩ쾳ֱ̤ԪӤڣΪ֮û̫ԵҩҲһڲҩĸ£ڣڵ֮һĴʦʵԶ˴ʱʵںټڵշ϶һ޽ɡ
ȻҪѡŹһȥǣշһֻȫĻҲδʺ϶ˣϾǰһֱƫĵĵشֱӵִ״½ǣҲδӦ
ԶŹĽ飬նɽȫȥ
˼ãնɽȻһЦŶŹͷͰݣŴˣɽм˵ȡЯ֮Ǹһǰȥǣ²Ժ󶼻Ϊ˵ۣȽʺ϶ɽ
һ㣬նɽǿǵĺԼһɽΧѲΪˣðȻ̤ǣȥȥȫһЩ˼ǿߣһֱ㲻ǱȦһ΢һЩˣͶΪŹִȥ鷳
Щ鷳ԶŹֵݺʵǴ£С鷳Ҳջ۰ڶʱӵǿΪպʱֻΪŹֲͣ鷳ֻҪһЩܺ˼ŶԷǡ
ʺһ㣬ҪôͶڣʱʵҲܳһЩϾΪһӣ˭ҲԶϣԼǸ𲻵һ˿ãֻȱ˶ݵˡ
նɽĻһԵֱˣȥνֻһǸףһǶŹ֣뿪ָô죿
㶵ı飬ŹֵЦˣնɽѡ񣬲⣬Ǻǣɽ󣬵дڣȥǣ븸ˣһԺܿͬպҪңһԺִܿǡУʱĻҲԻ㡣
⻰ųЦˣĶԶŹֵʮ磬㸸ףˣȥô
ãʱԣŹҲЦˣ簮ָһ㷢ٴο˿ǰˣһʧ˵ء
ȻѾͻƣҲǸûȥˣϾԷΪǿѰ˵Ⱥ˲ʱգֻ꣬ЩǸˡ


420 ԲУҲô׵
ǡ
ǣ֮ǰȣûʲôԵı仯統㷱ƽĴ͹㳡֮ϣҲַǷ
Ǳ͹㳡һһٽ־ϣһɣ͵һڱм𣬸£Ī̾һ
ˣΪҹǵġҪ֪˶ٴΣֻΪһֱûзǸļһټ
ǰΪԷʹ½֮Զ׵ںݺ裬ҹϼΪѿڣʱţǼµҲԽԽ㣬ӹɵǣҹӣҲԽԽˡ
͸ᣬɴ½һɣһΣݺݵǼһϣֱòǱ߳״½
ڶΣ֪˲ֻ࣬ҪҹԼ֪㹻޵ˡ
˽ҹԼ½صȻưոôǲܣ
ֻҪһ룬½صȽɣöǰѪ˵һµԹжôǿˣЩԹֻԽԽ
Ȼ½صѪĽѵѾ֪ҪԸǸŹֵĻ׷٣ǲеģ˳뿪ҹĻᣬ׷ȥΧɱ֮⣬ټһҹѵ벻еİ취
Բܣڵڶΰ֮󣬴ھʱĳ֮󣬾µֶΡ
Ǿս
óǾͲ
ֻҪģֶΣǸһҹɳѡԼȻڻɱһһУͶԲ
ҪʵֶΣҲһЩǰҪȣԷıΪֻ۷壬ʵʵȴ۷ͽɳ֮䣬ҪĻܶԷͱҪɡ
ϣҹһȥսһɣԻ̳ΪЦ
ô裬ҪһЩ㹻վסŵɡ
ɣҲѲҹ֮λ޴ǣڲ֮ҹˣһ򵥶ʵõļƲߡ
ǾٷǸһ٣һˣǰȥƣȻ󣬡Էˣ˱Ľɣٳսҹȫ֧֣Ҳӡ
񴨣Ǳеġˡ֮һ
ֻҪԷٴ뿪ͻһǰȥˡԼȻֳڵǿ֣սԷ
ò˵ȵӵ֮񴨲棬ⲻǱ׼ԲôһõΪˣûԲеϰ߰
ƣҲòٴʥʹǡ
˭ִ֪Ǻ󣬾ȻҲ޷Ǽһټˡ
ǵģ꣬һ˷ֶԷ٣·Ĵδһ㣬ǣǼһŵĸԣû뿪
˵ҹţ񴨶òţԾ챻ҹԼ½صڽɸ
һ۷壬ܵ˶
ϾȻЩԣȴֻԽԽ㣬ҹӶ
ԲжôѣҲҪܱѹҲ̫赹ùˣ˵ھǰܵģԲеΪ
ôڣȻܵģԲУҪԲУƫҪܱ󿰱ߵӴѹ
ΣҲһ˱ˡ
Ҳû취
ƲߣȻ򵥣ֱӣȴҲһЩ̵ǾȣŹ˵ˣҪһʵ͵λͨˣ̫ˣһ֪ҹӣòʧ
Σͨˣ㱻ˣû̫ǿӲ̫ܵĿɽҲܻѪģǿԼս
һ򵥵ӣҹһආɣŹˣֱһԼսŹ֣ҹȫ֧֣ɵӶῴҹǹҲˣҲֻӣϾһѾĻһ۷壿ʲô
ߣԷ۷壬˵пȽɵʵɳͷˣû㹻ӲĹϵҲܰ׳յȥԼ
ڣЩλʵԼϵ٣ȻҲϹӣ˲ֻҹӡ
Ϊһеĺǻֹǲ٣ҪΪ֪źá
ӣŲᱻ˿
ѡԲеѡʱټһҹֻ񴨼ˣ۷ʵҹڣһĵλֳͬ룬ýɣܱ˴ȥͶŹֽսǺ
һУ޷졣
ڸƲʱҹԼ½صȣΪ˷˲ʱգ˭뵽ֱڣ׼˵ѡȻûܵ˺װǿ˷ôá
֪Щε񴨵ȣжôѰˡ
Ҳ񴨶ڣΪԼ̾Ϣʱ͹㳡ڣһӰͻȻӴ˳
ӰǶŹ֡ʱϴ뿪Ѿ˾꣬·;꣬Źֻ꣬ϸ֮ķһ꣬Ҳǳ֮Ϊʱ
΢΢̾һŹ־ͳȥ
ҲͬʱڣԭλԼı˿̾ѵ񴨣ɫһͳ׼
ˣǼһڳˣǳǰ˵Ⱥ˾ΣҪȥʵˣ
ĵȴļ尾ͻȻҪʵʱּ飬֪һֱ̣Ӿ͵վӣٿʼ˼Բеַ
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򵥵ţͨ鱦鱦ԼȵȣеļΪϸ
Щ֮УҲֱӷһ˿ϲ̤ԥһԭҺ
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鱨ʮ졣
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ѶǳɱɱĵŹֻֻ£ͰһУ׳͸
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ɱķĸʱ䣬սεա
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һ򵥵ӣһĿ꣬Ҫ֪ľǣʲôĲʣ𵽼ķãҶֲӣۺϷ𲽵ǱΣΰЩʣںһ𣬴ﵽҪĽ
Ҫ֪Ĳʣǲз͹ֵģĹɱַǷַ͡Һܶʱ򣬵ַ޷ǿķģַ䣬ϣõЧ
˵ҲŹյ֪ʶڣռݷĳɷ֣ÿһεķӵֲʴϣӦַϣһУ²ѣؼãоϰ
Ͼͨˣ˭Ҳܴ鱾ѧһַ󣬾ͿգȻֱʹãûһ˿覴á
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һУѾգҲʱȥ˽һսޱĹЧˡ
ֻҪƲսޱγɣٽ⹹һĲϣͿȥԼԤĿ꣬ȥݺֲʴ䣬ЧԼѡַȥơ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֱӾ̤ȥ

ͳ죬ŴѾס
ҲڶŹ뿪󲻾ãһòʵˣ̸ϵס㱨
ֵ伮شȻûлЩΪ֪ŹֺݣǵȥʣһǰȴˣŹʲôʱ뿪Ҫ㱨һ㣬Ҳû˸ҵ
·Ļ㱨ԭھ޵һ㶣ˣ
ǼһڳˣȻԼǰϣò˶ãͻ֪Ѷˡ
֪ˣȥɡ㶹֮ЦŻǻһʱѣԷͳˣЩʱ䣬Ķصĵ伮ˣҲҪ˵ѧϰʵգַͨˡ
ѹ뵽ԷѾض顣
ֻǶԷ֪еѶȣˡ
ҲûǰȥЦŹֵ˼ֻǿʼ˼ԷʲôʱϾǼһͬѾβμӾ½ʢᣬһжᳵ·׼ģͲʲôˣȫ񣬾ǰŹı׼ѡ
٣ǰǧټ뿴ԱȴԼѿҪڣ·ȴһڵĽ飬ֲȥˣ֡
ǻ˳ͻȻһЦӿһ˿Ź
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٣ӦòɣˣΣǲҪǼˣаʱ䣬һж㹻ˡ
ɻ֮ɹȻһЦ׼кȴû뵽ŹֱӾЦóһ򣬿ڵǺǣҪ鷳ˣҪһЩĲʣ֪ЩڶûУ
Ĳʣû⡣ŶŹֵѯʣֱӽӹ򣬸˳ڴһ䣬Ҳڻش֮ͻȻһ㶣ֱֱ̧ͷŹ֣ʲôҪĲʣҪҩ
ǰȻ֪ѶˣǻúóﱸֵҩͳƷʲôģҪЩʣ
ǰŹȻ΢΢ȻԷķӦƺЩˣǺܿ˵ͷ
Ķٴһ񣬲Ŀ˶ŹһֵۣͷҲɻһʱ䣬Էܷеһж⣬Ҫʡ
ѵԷһڣֻרһЩڣҲҪһЩĶȥƣ
ⲻǿЦôķԾ½ʢã
ɼûƣ̽ʼȡϢҲֻһ˲䣬͵һˣֻΪеĸֲʣò࣬еģǸƷĲʰЩʣٴΣβϵã
ãͻȻɻĿŹ֣֣ҪЩʲôЩɶƷʰ
һʣöŹˣЩĿҪĲʣȻˣ⻹Ҫô


425 
֪λشĻŹʵЩΡ
ٴκķ˴ͨԭҺһ㡢һƣ˿ģսޱ׷͸
սޱĹɲʣ౻ֽ߰˰ˣҪһֵɫ֪Һ⣬ĸֲԣЧҲѱա
ȷ֮ǰûսޱĴʵľȻĴСһɫҺ塣
ڣܵϣŹָǵ֪ӵǰĹЧҪģǲ֪ɫҺ塣
ûɫҺ壬֮ǰ׼ĶôȫƵĶôƣ޷ԭ޻ǡħԪԼںϡ
ΪҺ壬ЩԭɵĶŻںһȻֲʺַĹ£µ
˵ɫҺ壬Ȼֻռսޱеһ֮أʵϣȴսޱꡣ
ȱʲôҲɡ
ˣŹҲ͸ɫҺ嵽ʲô
Ҫ֪ʱԺе֪ʶǰԸ챦֪ⶼ޷֪Ƕʲôûһӡȥ֪Ϥʲô˹Ч
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ⲻҪϾսޱڲɫҺ塣
ף֪ûϵֻҪóµĽṹ󼴱ȱҺ壬Դԭսޱлȡ
µĽṹҲǱ롣Ͼսޱ޵кܴģȣսޱҪյͨԼħԪ޻ǣս޵ԭϡ
Щɽ磬ȴʣԶŹеĹ죬øֶ壬޻Ǻʬơ
еĲ࣬رҪһ׿еĲʴ䷽Լַ䷽ķʮ죬⻹ǲȱķδʵķʵϾɲУҪʱȥ顣
ȻʵĹУҪƻսޱȡеɫҺ壬һȥЩϧ
Ϊʱԭսޱᱨϣʵϣûһ𺦣ΪԴʱսޱѾûˡ
ڣŹֵݽڣ¼ľĲʴ䷽
Ŀ꣬Ӱ޵ȻͶƷĲˡ
ֻǣȴû뵽ʳôε⡣
ҲڶŹֵĳĬУҲڴӾлع񣬸˲׹Լ⣬ƺЩͻˡ
ҪĲϣȻΪȻ޷ţŹƷôܲܲ˵ûаɣҪ֪ǿ˵ģԷҪʲôֻҪõóҪṩġ
ĬĬĿ˶ŹһۣεЦŵУЩȻмϡټҲõóԵȾǣȥȡ
ֱ֮ȥôֹãתأóһָŹ֣ҪĶ棬Ŀ
лˡӹָŹЦŵл󣬾׼
֮ǰֹģҲʵЩЦԷǣֻεҡҡͷ̤ȥ
Ѳ׼ԼƷŶŹȥҲƴҪԼƣҲδ̫˼ˣ£ֲøȥֻ֤ܰӵɻ󣬶

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ϾһܸӵḶ́һСģͼʧܵ³׼ЩַʩչֶΣȻѾգûԭҺſһһµĺá
һʮʱ䣬ҴҶ
ֱʮ󣬶ŹѾģ˸ַĴϣ֤л֮ʱſʼ
ȻԶʮܽģϾʱÿһַֻҪգתУʵУÿһַʩչʱ䣬ܰѲǸͬġ
Ҳ£һֲˮһĸڼ䣬һַڶŹǰס֣תʱά֣˰Ÿһ䡣
ͬʱŹҲ͵һϸԳһ˿ƣ̬ʵ겻ͣЪҲǼġ
ҲûʱЪϢЪϢΪֻǸһ䣬
ΪȱɫҺ塣
󣬶Źֿȡ֮ǰܽսޱеõɫҺ壬ɢһ˿ӫİƷȥ
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ŶŹַıãɫϻؾͷһ޹⣬һɫҺ壬Ϳʼȥ
ҲֻɲǼ䣬Ḷ́뵽һؼ׶Ρ
Ҳһ̣һĸоؾʹͷͻȻ֣˵ⲻǴĵֵǴɫϻڷݵĵ׶ѡ
𣡣
ϻڵһУʱͻֱ
ɲ֮䣬Ź־һɫ䣬ʱԨѧʶȻ֪ĸгʱףϼɣ߳ʽĻȵȡ
ܵıͶҪƷɱпܣڣƵĶڹЧϣȻΪֲޣǣⱦľ󲿷ֲʣɶֻƷĲʣɱʰ
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ֻɲǼ䣬Ź־ǰӿɫϻɫҺ壬һⶫĹʲô

ҲڶŹɫʱڵıԺգؾͺ
ԭƵգǸһŨŨīڵļֱ˷ͻȻĺڰûһ˿ϢȫȻҹĻһֵĹ죬Ի𱬵ٶȣϯ
·𣬾ǴӵصһֻҹħҪĹ߳һ㣬ֻգ֮䣬ŹֱԺ﷽Բͱȥٲһ˿ߡ
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ڣҲ˸
ÿµĸо

׷Уڸˣ׻ˡ


426 ֲ𣬳
ѾֹȥˣʲôѵסڣոϵٳŶŹڵķ򣬸һ£ֶԷԺڷصϢ²һ̾
ʵ˵ΣҲŶŹƷڰǰԷȡ߲ʺͷעŹֵĶ
˭֪صԺⲿһ򵥵ķ֣ȻͳûϢȻﲻѡ
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ֻܰһɻɣĵףҲһεɻУˣͻȻһͣ৵һȥֻΪһ̣ԺһƬ˾ڵĺڰС
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Ҳʣ͵һֱֱͣͳ죬ҵҲ֪⾿ô£ɺڰȴǴӶŴ˱Ժӿġ
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ǣȴû˻ỳǰߵĻΪԷڵһʦֵɱɶԷƶġ
κһʦϴ
֪һΣҲǰǧǰƳǼƷɱʱʱֵҲһѡ
ڣһֲĺɫϢȻ󣬻Ӵĵӣ
һƬУһżΪҲ͵ؾʹ𣬿ǡһϢȻ˿ɲ¶Щ⵽Ĵ֮ǶСƵģ
ģ౻ؾǿܺһƬԼϢ͸ĵ׵ǹ֮⣬ܵ˼𶯡
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ȷͬЧɱɢ𣬾ͽȻͬ
еϼɣ崺磬ôɾǾ͵ıеɱ죬ǹɱ͵ɱ
ǰŹƵҲʵ̫ˡ
ȻգݳһƬڣд޷Ϣ
ĻˣһβȻɫ䣬ǰϢʵֲ̫ˡ
ŹһʲôȻ˿ֲ
ֲģں棬ʱӣޱߺҹеϢԽԽأģŹֱԺϽĵط׵ΪЩܲһһֱӴϴݲˣ޿ɵ޿ɱܵ
壬䣬ůůģˣȴʼ˲ͣزڶƺڳܼΪпĳһ㣬ݣ
ѶĽɣƵĶһɫ඼ѿ
⵽ô£
һ𣬳ôʱ䣬ֹûʧ𽥼ǿ
⵽ʲôȻôţ

£˴ɻڣЩ˵УɻģĪˣҪ֪ŹҪģֻƷĲʰôڣֹˣȻֹƷɱĳ̶ȣҲ̫˰ɣ
ƵģɾǶŹŷ˶õļһȻƷɱˣ
УʱһţڰУǹϢԽԽŨ֧ŵ쳣ףֱӾ͹ĵͽһܲˣžǱ롣
ȻֳƬ̣ڽЩ֧Ųסֱֱȥ
Ҳǵʱں˵ȺУȻֵķ֣ŵһһ̣˾Ȼ˳˸⣬˱ܲģ²ҲѶ˻ԵĴռ䡣
ڣǳԺ󣬲ٴη֣һΣɶŹֱԶɢ𣬳̶֮ǿȻСǡ
֪жǿĵ򣡣
һ֮Ϯ£еˣǾֵ⳷룬СǣȻ˹һ㡣
˾ҲʵðڵڽɣǾﲻѡ
һһԺķʱڣеĽɣ¶ͬʱһ˿Եľη֮ɫ
Ǽһֱֲ̫ˣȻܴһȫʵӹɵǣͬȵΪ£ӵһǿԻʵмŹˣʵûɣһᣬڸȻƳ˾˵Ĵ

Ҳ£ֲٴγƬ̣ͻȻ䣬ͳɢ
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ˣʱ꣬еˣ
޴ľϲУŹĬĬеı˼øȡʲô֡
ⶫʬ塢ֶ꣬γµҲٿص޵ıγɵޣӦҲ˼ǻ۵ģһͽɣ
ȡ֮⣬Щԭûǻۺ˼ޣɱˣȻָеޣڴϻڡ
ҲԺУͷɫ̾ųһĺâһ͵͵С
һ˿򵥵ʶǺͶŹһ壬ȻŹֵ˼
ܵ˷ܣŹֵЦˣɢķ֣׼ǰɹȣһЩԣҲһ̣ȷɢʱͻȻ֣վڱԺ
ʱɫ΢΢Щɫڼһ˷ܵĶŹֺ׻¶һ˿ϲ⣬ϲСѣʵ̾
һ̣£ҲĽһ˿֮ģֻһΣԷƵɱɢ̶ȣԵ֪һ˼ɱƷɱҲ̲סĶѣ
ò˵һ仰ֱӾһˮ£öŹĵϲɫĥֻΪĸܵ˶Է޷ѹƵĽ֮ɫ


427 Ϊ˳ӰȺɹ
ҲڶŹɫȻʱ£ٷת˸ͷ
ȷĽԷƳֻˣڼرʱȻķӦˣһ˼׾ͺܿѶᱦͷѹȥ
ȣǾǶŹֵʵԷѾԹ滮֮µһˣǿߣһֱ£ڶᱦǰһУͶ׷ˡ
ǣԷȻƳһٶƷɱڲ֪ɱ;ʱҲûоԵİգԴӶԷϾÿһɱ޷˺ӣ˵Ʒɱˡ
ӲȴûöŹӵǲ̫ˣֹǰһУȫ׷ѣһǿС
ϾԷҲ֪
ΣǾǶŹֵļֵڣѾԶԶǰĹ㣬ΪԷȻƷɱ⣬ֵÿһλ£
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ǷԷһŵûɣڻɱɹҲ˵ɽΪǽ塣
˼ʮԷƵرɲôᣬǵòʧ飬ȻͰݺݵѹȥ
һѹڼŹһɫٴЦˣǺǣСѼ£ղƵرʵ̫󣬾޷ѹµ̰
仰ʱȴ̹̹ûһ˿˼ɣ˫ڣûһ˿Ľ֮ɫһƬ͸
⵹öŹһ㶣žЦȷ֮ΪУ֪ԷѾѹ̰Ӧò֮ģ֮ܿڽⷬǶΪˡ
Ȼ׸ղûѹᣬŹҲаհȫȥϾӵд٣вٶǿĨɱĵھ١
ײҲͰˣĻ޵ֻλѡ
ǲױ©ģ򲻵ѣʩչˣܱ⣬ǱĺãһֱҲٶݡ
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Ҫ֪ټһ֮ҲֻӵƷɱһﾹȻƳһƷɱ
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ٿȣҲֻĽѣԶŹһں֮󣬶ʧ˶ֵͷ͸˵ˡ
ϲ֣
ǰⱦգǵһܴ

֮׺ȿڣŹֵأɣ׷׿ڣڵУ˶ǰ޵ͣڶŹֵĴָϡ
һ̣ǶǷе֪ԷƵɱʲôãҲû˸ʳöŹչʾһˡ
ŹȴЩЦԷǣֻһһ˵лڵǿյģչʾҲչʾĳ
£ɹһȥһܡ
ǰսޱҲЩͬ
սޱսޣһżƷʲͬħԪ
ûϸĵȼֻ֣Ҫʬ壬꣬ӴܴӦޡ
Ҳ˵ÿɵʬ壬ͶںϳģǿɵޣÿȽɵʬ壬ͶģǿȽɵޡ
ң⻹ǹ̶죬磬봴Ӱ䣬ֻóӰʬ壬꣬ӳӰ䵮ӯܴƿصĳӰ䡣
սޱ漴죬ԼΪԣ书ЧȴΪ
ϾڵĶŹֶԣӵеģǴĳӰ䣬ȽɼޣȻһǿ󣬵ûгǿٶȺ͹ô
˼ڣһһ֮󣬶ŹֲŰݱȣⲿȥһ㣬ȵҲЩȻϾ˭һ˿ֲҪȥһԼĥĥϡ
Ȼв˵ȥϸ룬û˸ȥϾѾڸ˵˽ʵˣϵٺãҲð˿̽
Ҳ£Źٴξһĳ;棬ŵִ˷;ɽɹ֮⡣
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޴Ĳ࣬ٶȣ࣬žӯѹ£ҲڳӰ䡣
һΣĿ꣬ԳӰ;ɹ̫ֻҪΧѰҵһȺӰ䣬תƿռ䣬һƣеķȺ˯ʱǰȥձʬ꣬һУͶࡣ
ϾĳӰԣԲֵһᣬٿƷһɱ
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ѰһƫƧĵشֱһĿ꣬תƿռ䡣
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ڣؼʱ̣ΣղŸոտʼһҪСˡУŹֵҲ


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Ͼÿһֻ޵Ĵ죬ҪղʱĶС
ǷΧƵ̫յЧǸ࣬ΣҲˣСһЩɶͣһЩʱա
ĬĬ˼УŻ춯ʮڣӯȫǳˮһڿӵ
һԭŨĶۿɼٶȱϡ
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棬˷ܣϲãȵȸӦеֻӰ䣬ӦоС
ڿһ˲ǳӰͣ˶Źּͷվβֲķ룬ĴָСԴǵĿʼϲȥĶĽ֮ɫ
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ֱһֻ䣬ʼ˵ڶֻӰ䡣
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ֻΪֻһԵĸоԲ֮صӯڿʼϡȻϡÿζǺܿ챻طĶڣȦӣȴ
ͺñһƽĺϣͻȻĳһ״ֵĺڶһֱͣպˮǾͻڵγһУطĺˮۣͣʱݣֻҪڶʧоͻԽԽԽԽ󡭡
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ŭԽԽµĻֺ̿;ԽԽӴ󣬸ģôôù
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·ǿ޵ĳӰŭѪȴûһ˿֮⣬һ̧޴Ľƣ·һʯӰȥ

ҲͬʱŮٴηһڵĿ޺ıۣǰһУһĻĻڲס֣ҪôŭѪ޵ıֵ
ҲʱĿŮɣбŭŭѪޣͻȻȫסΣϿտȥ
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429 ½
Ӱ䣿


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ҲĴУǧ˺ŭѪ޵ĳӰͻȻһС룬Ӵһǿ֮ɱ
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Ҳûϵڹͷֵʱⷢһڱ׷ɱˣ¶Էԣʵɲֻһ֮󣬽ӵϢĳӰȺȿֺŭѪȥ
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ٴһŹֵһ˲ſʼ׼½֮һѪڵ½ȥ
˵ʱӸ½½ˣҲʵǶ಻ʤֻģڣʮλɣԼλɡ
ôˣȫһһأҲΪ˰ȫǣȾͰԣҪĵش޶ڣǰ룬Σʵ̫һ𣬱˴ңӦ
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Щ鷳ˡ


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ϴǣǲļһҲټĶݣθôɵĻβĽ룬ǻŭ

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Ҳҹˣ΢΢бʱͶŹֵȣ׷תͷ˹
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ʮһԻ𵽼á
¶һ˿ԵЦ⣬ŷ֣Źڳ֮ڡ


431 ̫ˣȻʧȥ˱ֵĻᣡ
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ӦǺܶصģӦõõסĵ谮ӦʮֵܽáУӱΪҫۣĿһ
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УһҪץסᣬֻҪǼһ֣Ҫһȥǣ׵ȴǷǺ󣬲ҪҪ㱨
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̼䣬Щѹֲסµĳ嶯ʼ󷽻㱨Լķ֡
ˣЩļһˣ

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⡭ֱ̫ˣɲΣҲûһֻӰҶԡ˵
еķȺֻУޱԹ㶹Сۣ￴󷽣ֱ̫ˡ
ޱ£ڶӰеŭԼҲʵǻ۵һޣǣʵֲ̫ίŷй

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У˼ȻнЩޣҲӦѾǵټǣΪʲôûгˣ
Ҫ˵ЩǷɢɢĿȻڷĿʱ׼ᣬΧǣǻû˻ţΪûǻֻۣһЩ򵥵ıܺ¸ٹ̵ˡ
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˲ŸոٶȺ󣬾һͣ󣬸뿴ࡣ
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ڸľУ½صظӦʮ֮⣬һޱߣȫȭͷСܼȺ
ɲ֮ڣʮɣȫǲȻɫ䡣
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һ֮ҲնɱٷȺԻһɥ
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죬ǰȥЩȺǱߣٽѣ

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ĻŸأ˾ٴβȻɫĿҲֻ࣬ΪҲ࣬౩һƬһƬǧķȺ
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ӣǽȺǱǲϣʮһ棬͵һ룬ûô׵
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ֻҪܻȥһоͶֵˡ
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У˶ֱӾˣһľкͲҺ
ֻΪ˭֪ǲӵùӰٶȣ

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ֲ˼飬½ص˵ģȴֻнľźᡣ
찡ҪǺҲͰˣΪʲôʱɥɱ֮£ҧǣ


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һֱСʱٴξ޺׷׵ִ˷Χ
ڣУʮɣҲ취ɢԣ˾ͱķ֣󷽵ټȺȻ˲ŲʣֻҪһɢǷȺҲ̷ֳʮɣƴΧˡ
ֹή˵Σգ
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ɢ󷽵ķȺǧ֮ǰֻҪһֻóٶȵһ£ǾǱ
ԣܶʼ˾ȻʼնͣȺ׷ϵǱ
˱ЩԭڸѰĳֻ޲ˣ½صɹʱȫ͵һ㶣ٷֺӴޱߵķӰʱҲ׻ˡ
һ翪ʼҹ˰㣬Ӵܡ
ĽڶӴķȺȫŲʣǴͷɹûһֻӰԸ˳ƻɱǣֻ׷½صʱ
ڶˣҲٴγɵˡ
ǰɣЩӰ䣬Ȼ
ôѵ㻹ɱǣṩᣬЩļһӵ
Ȼǣֻ֣Щûǻ۵ޣΪʲôΪ׷ǼһǶˡ
٣˭֪أһ֪ΪʲôԱԺͬĴ󡣡
ǰˣ̫½ءȻҲ̫ˡ

ŽǷٴϿնȺͷȺڶɡɣھ޴ңп֮£ȴҲðɻ󣬸вٽɣ˼ᶨǾˣԲղǼһֻɱ¾һĿޣܣƺƴҲҪɱǵĵز
ǾҲδ̫ˣ

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һʮǱӰһθ
һղͣ߶ӣڼ䣬ʱóٶȵ޳֣ʹ˲òٽսȻ
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ȻϵۣǻС⣬ϾȻǾͶ֪ʱԼΣգô׼ȻҲüΪ㡣
ϵƣۣԼͣƣֻҪǼʮʱ䣬ܸ㶨
ؼǣǸʮʱ䶼ڲҺЩһֱͣЪķȺֱجһһֱĵףϵѹ֣˿ֻŵġ
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֪Ҫ֪ͺˣҲ취ȰЩΪʲôֻ׷ǰ
ģϻˣץʱòװʮľ룬ǻָ״̬

һƬУ½صʵڶί˼㣬Ҳ治֪ԼʲôúǷȺ˳տ
ֳտҲ̫Ҫˣ
ȫ˫̺һƬҵˮʮٴμʼָΪҲֶ룬һʱ䶼˷ѡ
˿Ÿҩָ֮󣬺󷽣־һƬ޴˶һ˶ɫһͣǰǱȥ
찡ȥʲôʱǸͷ
£֪ͨôٲʱǾ˰ģ£һɸһУ½غȵ
ϻ֪ܲͨôǣ治֪ܲܳŵʱ⻰½ҲˣڷȺŹҹˣֱ׷ʱڶݵ϶͸Ѷ֪ͨҹ
ǣʱ̤Ѿࡣǰڳһ̣Ʋˣ̤˸ûд󣬰ʱ䣬˭֪뵽ĸزˣ
ûɵǣ϶ΪĶֻǽɺġ
½صĻشҲˣȫëˣֱֻܼݡ
Ҳ£˺ܿ͵ִԭ̾ĵش
ǰٴγֵһȺӰ½صȣȴ˿ָЩӰɢעֻһԵļǱӡ
룬ˣʱȻձ񣬷·ǿʲôϡЦһ㣬ȫƲ㣬ԶӰһЦ
½ô
˵ʲôôù
˭֪أôӰҧ׷ɱ˶ܲʣҲʵ̫ϡˣ
־󣬵ҲһȺҲ˱ᣬھȻлۿ˱׷ɱʵ̫ѵˡ
ǰǧ̫½ذ

һƬЦУ·ڶˣȫ߹Ŀڣռ䣬һαЦ
ҲɻϾʵͷҲǴް
ڲǰӵǴϢ˵½صһȺӰȥ⳹׾ɵˣԷôҪѻˮô
˲ŭߺޣ
ޱߵľŭͷߺУˣһʱӣˣȴִϢ˵ЩӰ䣬ṥ½֮ˣõӡ
һ˵ͳתˡ
Ȼҹڣǲᱩɱѻ½صˣվһԴ磬̼һЩһǿԵġ
ȻҲûڿЦǣ֪ǿ⣬⣬ԷϢʱ򣬾Ѿ˸Ӧ½ص˵Ķ٣ӣҲˣԣ˷ģҪҲҪϣЩһѪ˳һ
ҲһƬЦϿգոӹ½صˣȫһĲ㱻ĵѪɲΣҲûͣ˵ʲôֻȫһѪٴμǰȥ
Զʱ󷽣һƬޱߵķȺŻֱֱ·ˣһζ׼ǰβ׷ȥ
һ̣޾ķȺڵһߣڶˣȻӵϢЩȺɱǣǱŵû겻壬Ͼղ˵ıЦҲֻڱƵĵ˾ʱǿųĶѡ
ֱڷ䳹ʧ˲عҲ˲ֳ˷
ԭһУģ
ģģҹǰ׳գѻˮΣȥɣ
ٺ٣ǵķǷ˵ķˣҪҪ֪ͨǱߣ
֪ͨȵȣٶȣҪɹȥҲҪʱ䣬ǵˣ֪ͨղŲûôҲҪǱһǸоʱǳʱ̼һ½Щ֮⣬Ҳ߲

֪ΪʲôǱʱô׼ȷˣ

ºĴϢУ̸ˣŸȻ򣬲󣬾͸¶һ˿յЦ⡣
˵һδδ̼£ҹǰļһ汻ĳأǲȫȺûźóǱŵĶ
⣬ֱǽ赶ɱ˵ˣ
Цɣٳ£Ҳͬʱһɻ½صˣʲôȻ˾
Ҳһ˲䣬˾ȫʹһĬĬ߶ΣˣһҪѧ½ء


435 Ŀ죬ҵĸ
Ҳ½صˣӣˣԼֻ֮ʱ
һֱ׷ٵķȺϵĶŹ֣ȴһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
Щһθˬ͸˰ɣ
ĳױȺĨɱҲûܻ»Ź˿ϵԷȺµҲǱɱ
棬ΨһϧľǣԷȺٶȣȻǿ켫ˣɻǲкڵһߣﻹӵڣ
ˣȥ½ص˷ɵͻ˵ɾϾ˭ҲԼеһȺУңҲδһֱȥȻЩ΢źŹֻЦ쳣ãһ£½صܽҴ²ҲҪµˣɸɾǼֱǱҪ⡣
Ҳ΢ЦУŹͻȻһתͷ򶫲ĳڶµĿռ俴ȥ
ֻΪڸղţɳȥѰƳĵӰϢأƳġ
ˣһȻδѵĵش֮ǰʱ䣬ЩɨĵشһӰ䣬Ȼһû֣ֻʱ䣬ͷһ΢΢һ֮󣬶Źϣٴһ˿ϲ৵һ£ʧԭء
Ƴı½ص˵͸ֵһˡ
ܿ죬ڿȽɺڵĿռ֮Ĵ߶£ֻǺķ˼СʱŹ־˴ϢһСӰǰ
ŷһӰ󷽣࣬ûб߼ʵƳټһƬռ䣬ȫƳɡ
һӰ䣬һŹֳ֣̾ȫһΧмֻˣƵǰס裬һԶԻƶڣһƬŪ֮ɫ
һĻŹȴȻʧЦ֣ḧһǼֻӰ䣬и¶һƬ͹ɫһ䣬ǼֻӰ䣬ҡͷβǵʤĽһĸ߰ɫҲԽŨˣȫһĵ󣬾תޱߵƳڷȥ
Źּ״ٸȥ˼Сʱŵִһһȥûκ״ϸ£ȴֲᷢ׵Ķ¡
ƳһʵɫĶǰƬ֮Уȴнһ׷ԲĵشȫҺ̬Ķˮ
һ㱡ˮ棬ƽڴĶһϸ۲죬ǼױԹȥ
һⱡˮ棬Ź̴ϲӡеƳģһ޶ڣ֪ЩƳģҪϲ١
Ҳһܼ򵥵ĵһƬ󣬶ڿģǧĿĵĻǿĿ϶ܴ󣬵ĿĿģͻࡣ
УһƳģֻƴСѣƴСģһɣʵͻͽˣû뵽µģȻӴ˽һ׷Բ
ȻҲΪ˵Ѿӽвģ϶ҪⲿĴࡣ
ȵľϲУŹڸٻǧӰ䣬ΪžͰݵĹʼǰġ
ˮĻһģڣŹ̾͸оԼֻأԼռ֮ȫܵ˼һ㣬ʼɧ
ɧڶ̶˲Ϣڣתһƽһֽƽͣƺ񶼳״̬ʧһ˿
ǹƽУĿռ䡢ֻ֮ͽʼš
ͬʱŹڵ֮࿪ʼһ˿˿Ȳ
ʱ䣬ڲ֪Уţֱʮ󣬶ŹֲŻһۣͷ֣ƳģѾʧĸɸɾֱֱͷǰʱ෢Լֵ˼ı仯
Ԫ40113Ԫ40113
113ֵϣÿһֵһַ֮Ҳ˵һΣͽ൱ˣֵ
࣬Ѿ㹻һͨǰڵˣֱ̤ɺˡ
ֱ޷ķٿԽ
֮ǰѾ׼ɻǱٶȣһ
Ȼ113ֵڵҶԣʲôҲʵϣȽ۷廹Ҫ߳һˣ⣬ֻһһҵƳ𵽵áⶫҲʵ̫ˣصǣḶ́Ȼôƽͣûһ˿ĸоڣȻ
Ƭ̺ѹеļŹֲشԭվĿĶҵĳӰ䣬ٴ´ϧһУҲҪѰҸƳġ
Ƹղ̶ֳȵģֻҪٶִܵ۷ˣβ
Ÿո´У̾ʹϢǾӰ䣬µƳġ
һӵϢŹֵȻˣַ⡭Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
һ˼֮󣬾ֳ׻ȻЧʣʵ
Ϊ֮ǰ״̬£Ѿȹʮʱ䣬δ˿ѹĵشҪ뷢ģҲֻҪÿ죬ܷһ
ϾռϢģ򣬼Ϊóٶȣֲú¸ƶ޾ĳӰ䡣
ڴӰ˼ɵȫ£Ҫ̽Ǳ̫ˡ
֮󣬶Źѹ¾ȣǴش˲ƶȥ
Ϊ˲ƣ࣬ȴҴҸϵʱǰа׷ԲƳģŹٴμЦˣȻһС˺ܶ࣬ǻô
û뵽ԼΪȻᷢչֽ˿ֲĵزֻһ飬ͼȥһ飬ٶȣûЩӰѰҵٶȿ졣
Ҳδ̫Ҹˣ
ЧʣֻҪٶ鷽Բһҵģܽ۷壬ÿһ飬Ҫʮʱ䣬ֻҪңִܵ۷壬ÿһεڣʮ꣬Ҫ뿪֮ǰ۷壬ȴ㹻ˡ
ԺпһͷŹϵЦ⣬ҲԽŨˣǼæʼһε
Ҳڴ۷壬ܿȽɳڣǵȵ۷壬ڵʵϣǷӵ˳ڵǿ߱ȼ
Ҳ£ڶа׷ԲģûгԤϣķʱ䣬ֵʮңҲ֮ȴյһϢǾڣЩӰ䣬ַһµġ
һ̣ŹҲǼȼƣǣһֱõķչƵǣҵҲ̫˰ɣԼٶȣȻԶԶϡ
٣治֪ǸñЩһ΢һЩٶأ鼫ȸУŹٴһʧ˵ء
Ȼʱ飬ɵ֪²ҪһƬκˣҪ֪ˣһΪ˿ѰһģҪѾһܵõãȻҵ̫̫࣬졭


436 ϣľͷ
ŹֵҸ˵֪
ΪҪ½صˣȴǾҪ;ƿˡ
ʱ뱻ȺӰϣѾȥ˶ʮ죬ʮڽȺ׷Ҳݻһصģ
ǾǣǰʮɣȫɫҰףһ˿˿ĺƣƺʱ²Ⱥ֮ڣȴֲòǿĴ߶壬ǰݡ
ٶȣȣҲʵֻһЩȫеٶ¡
ں󷽣һȺ񱩵ĳӰ䣬һбб׷ٶȣҲǺ½صˣάֵһֲµĳ̶ȡ
棬Ҳʵڹ죬ʵϣȴֵ֡
һʮ죬ʱȫǲһеȫУжж죬ǻǲǰڽɣǺ󷽵ĳӰȺһֱȥ
棬ģɾڽˣΪ׼Я˴ҩǲôģǣУÿҲʱָɹӻҪʱնɱͻȻðޡ
ʱ״̬ûùǻвٵҩɸûʱ䲹䣬ȻǸǱ˼ޡ
ЩӰȺȻûеҩԲǵĺôǲ¶Ϯɧš
ڣĳЩʱ䣬ǰĽ˦ѣֻҪ׷ȥҪƬ̣ͻᷢں޲Ŀꡭ
ö֮ʱ֮󣬲׷һݵһȫƣĵزеҪϢȴûһĸһԸͣϢ
˵ڴʱֻҪһµ룬ܱȽ׵Ĵݻһ
źǣ˴ʱ½صˣڵĵ˾ĵش
ҲΪǸ޷Щ˵䳰ȷһСģͱѪʱһ񣬾ͻᱻȺᣬغ½صˣٲ˵ΧУһⲿȥ
ڽǵûôɵ
ⲿҲױֻҪû챦֪ˣЩɨıԵشǿյģϴ
ڵķλû֪ˣһԿ϶Ǿⲻʱ·ߡ
Ϊʱһޣѱɱɾʱ·ϣвޡ
ҲΪЩޣǲűٶȣȻû谭ˡ
˴ʱŬ·ȥϾҪֱһ·򣬻Ǻ׵ġ
£ȥǺܿܰˣֻҪ·ϣûţ㹻ʱָʵˣ
ǰֻҪǶ֧һӣܰˡ
ģڿϣˣ

ź󷽣ҲǺõĳӰȺڶȻǱһͿɻ£һ˿ɡ
ģһǵôˣȻִ֣Ҫˣڲͣ׷٣ȻҲһ죬½ػɵĻ̲֮סƿڴȺޣ׵ʲô
ҲûǹЩһôҧǲˣ
ֱڣӲҹ֮ӣƵɥ֮ȮһǱֱ̫ɳˡ
½Ҳţӣ̫ˣչƣǴʱʱ·ߣ̫Զˡ
һЩ½£Ҳ
ֻʮɣҲƣ˫У¶һ˿˷ܡ
һƬ֮Уһʮ죬ǿϣδӳĸоβ˲ϲ
һǰУ½صˣҲ֪󷽿ƣĳӰȺҲԽԽϲá
ֻΪǰһȺӰڼᣬȺǰļһǣͶ
Ź·ϣ½ųһȺ
ʼڲͣ׷УӰ䣬óһֱȥ׷ɱǰĿ꣬ʱţԽԽеʱͽЩףһֱȥȴǵĿ϶ʧܡ
ԡסȴҪʧճûһֻӰܽȻǲģ󣬻͸״˶Ź֣˭֪һʼȻûһֻӰϵ϶Ź֣Ҳֱǰϵ֮ڳӰĿϢ˻ȥ
ȻҲ֪Ǿ׷ٵǣŹǱߣȴԿǵĴ·λ
ⷢ־ǣ½صˣڶӰ䣬ббһȺطȥ
ǰѾһӰ䣬½ȻϾĵЩһͶ
һ뵽ϾҪһ֧ԮķȺҲ
ǰļһ͵ɣ
Ҳ£ֳ׷һգǰʮߵӰҲԽԵǱ
ٿֻǺͨ۷൱ٶȣڽʵǱź󷽣˦ҲԶķȺԼû޳֣ɧţ˻ǳ׼ˡ
̫ˣڵˣڣӦöָһЩʵ
ǽӽʱ·ˣҪˣ

ˣһûɧţ㹻ʱظʵǾ㳹װѷȺҲʱֵˣ⣬½صȣ˷ˡ
ʵϣǵĲ룬ȷûҲ𽥽ӽʱĵ·û֪ǣưȫĵ·ϣȴǵģǶôֲľ
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һȺŶŹָĴ·λ﹧ʱˣȱ˴;ķȺ͵ķֿʱ׾ͷˡ
ԭⲨȺڶŹ´һѰƳһ£һûҵְܽգڷ֣ɡסһʱµļͿģǾͱˡ
ˡ
ž޴һƬķȺֱӾͱǿƿƲ㣬ֱֱĿ꣬Ϯ¡
ֻһ˲䣬ڻޱϲõŬָʵ½صˣ׾ˡ
ɵɵŴǰƬƣȫЩ֪롣
⡭һȺӰ䣿
ǰɣ״̬ķȺǵʵ
ˣ

ȫɫף˼߶ڵҩԣʮɣٴδ߶ȫӣһ̣ǵٶȣ״̬ĳӰȣʵڲ̫ˡ
һХ֮󣬵ʮ߸Żˣ̾ͱȺᡣ
䡫
ء

һܼޱȣֲը죬̾ʹʮߵɫָ𣬸ţʮ֣Զ˲䣬˺˷顣
´ʱÿԵĳӰ䣬ֻֻǣȫǽӽ;ƿݵĽɶѡ
ѵ£˺ƵһķȺһκݺǰ壬Σգݺݵİһޱȵķ룬ȫһ˵֮ڡ
ء
ԭأٴαһӴ̺󣬾Ҳûһ˵ӰֻһžۼһƬĳӰ䣬ڡ
ˣļһھˣ
ͬʱ󷽣ٴηһȺյǱȺȺϵʱȴǶ˫ۣעȺʤķȺ
ٺĳӰ䣬ˣΪʲô۵ǣɡסģȴһȺݵļһ磬̫ƽˡ


437 ҹϮ

ڼ;ƿݵ½صˣӰɱʱһҴҴڲ⼲۵Ӱؾһ٣ͣڵأӰͿʼ˾ҵĲ
ˣ
ⲻŵķһͺӰģͻȻͳһֻѵ򣬲ʱѳ顣
飬
ӰһΪѾִɽĴ۷壬ɲûס޴Ĵȥ
ĳӣȻˣ֮ڣ
Դǰӵ½صѶϢΪ֮һ½ֱ꣬ӷһƷɱʵᣬת⼲ۣǣǰİҲʵھɡλã̫Զ̫ԶˣԶȫ£ûܸϻء
ڣѵ½곹׾ͱŭ
ˣ۰ĳӣˣ
ģӰ䣿ôôӰ䣿һƬʢŭ֮£½Ͱһ۾ɳۿǻ͹ԣһȥһֲĹһ㣬˲
࣬ԭܵޱ߶ƣҲ̱ðɱƿɢ
´ʱŭʢ½껹̴ӴָУȡһȻ󣬼ʩչǷϣѾɢ˾ųɣֻһ˿˿Ϣ½
ǵģ½ѾֻҪҵԪ̥꣬һöԷһ統֮ӣס
һк½ȴٴŭˣȻɱ½صģǴĳӰ䣬ҪЩɶޣȫʬΣźйͷ֮ޣ
Ӱ䣬ڽɼǿߣһγɾ޴ƣǼΪֲѣԣһʱ䣬ڶʱڣڲ֮أʱ䣬ֻһ룬Ҳ㹻ɱǵķȺˡ
һƬʢŭ֮£½ֱӾͷ۵ʧ˵ء
֮ŭһҪֲ̬ЩޣΪ֮ѪծѪ

½ؿٸڽɡɵľۼʱ£ڶ̾ĵشһӰشһ֣Գһ˿Щķ֣һʮˣȻ޷ֶŹֵӰ
ȥԶǡѾ⵽˲ңֻߣЩֻ׷ɱ½صˣȫŲʵĳӰ䣬ǡ
ĺܽһʮǰ½صˣӰ׷·˾ۼ֮󣬾ҲûۼĵشУ⵹ˣʧЩˣǰϢ˳ȥ
Ͼ㱻Էβߺ½صȣ
´Ϣǲû̫ôҲ½ص˶ӡ
ԣҲֻһգԭڶŹڵһͺ֪ܿ¡Դ˵̬ȣȴЩȻ
˲֪β֪Ź½ص֮
˵½ˣڷɱŹֲɵͣǶԷѵһĻУԽмȥϮŹ֣Բֵ⣬ʵϣҲ½ص˳Ӱ䣬ҹˣȴƽ¡
˵ȺӰ䣬ǳҹķΧڡǾ
ֻҪһ룬𰸾ͺ֮ˣȺӰ䣬϶ǳ½صˣ͵ϮŹֵ·ϡ
ԣ¶ǼϢ˷쳣ܾޣֵ̫ˣҲⲻΪŹֵġ
ֱֱ͸Ź̽ĵشѰӰѰһʮյ£Ѿѵط˸׳죬ҲûҵŹ֡
⣬ˡ
ǶŹҲ⣬Ǽֱ̫ˡ
һƬУһЩ˼ǾǣȺӰ䣬Ϊʲôֻ½صˣӶУӦǳڶŹЩһ֮䡭ߣһҲûӯεôһȺӰ䣿
ɻҲһޱȵͷǾƺǶŹֲٿųӰȺ׷ɱ½ص˵ġ
ˣһʱ벻ЩΪ˸˽Źֵı̬ͿֲƺǼһϣûвܷ£ԶŹֶЩ˽ȴֻ֪Ҫǣǿȥٻ£Ҳпܵġ
Ĳ˵ǻһѵƷɱû֪Чô
֮⣬Ҳʵ벻ʲôԭЩԭû˼άĳӰ䣬ֻ׷ɱ½صˣֱûӯĿռ³֣ǡóڶŹֺЩһ֮䡭
ͷȻ룬ȴҲȥȷڳҲŹֺҲԽԽΪǡ
ĵǣΪͶŹֳĽ飬ΪԷҪԣô˵ڱѰأҲԷ֮Ҳ¶⡣
ӦöͳӰȺйϵȻһͨɺڣϷȺǱɣЩȺȻֻ׷ɱ½صˣǿðһԡ
ȷȻҲŹֵˣǾͿʼѰҷȺɣϣܴⷽ棬ҵöԷ׵ʧպ޷޷׽ҲƺЩ޷Լ

Ҳ£ֹһҡ
вĳոһµƳģһԪԪֵٴСĶŹ֣ؾ˫ۣ΢΢üĿ
ڣͻȻһϢвѰƳĵĳӰ䣬Ӱ
ԷȴһСӣס̽
֣ôĵط΢΢üУŹٴ˼һЩɫ϶ӣܹ룬˳ڷǰѰҵģ뵽Ź־޶ԣЩѶȡ
ڵ״̬ȴ˱ԷţҪȥԷȰȥһƬĺķʱ¡
ңܲٿطȺ£ʱйϾ½صɥڷȺ£޷Ǳ˵֪ܲٿطȺԲһ¡
ȥŹڶ´һǧӰ䣬ɢң䰲ȫģһŲܡЩӰԣֻǿȽɳڣޱߵĶ£ҪӰҲΪס
Ĳ˵Ǿһֻֻ޸һҪԷŲסʱٳҲ١ӣǽɺڣҲܲĳ
Ѱ޹֮ͻԼ
ЩŹֲٴЦˣĹػ֮飬ԺٳҲ١
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441 ˵Ĺ
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Ȼļ䣬£¹ش󣬵ʱδаգڶԷǰ©˿
仰ٴһᶨĵɣ־ͲȰˣҲţԶֵҪΪһѵ¡
ǰҲǱŹֶܲٿˣɱǺ԰һ
ڣΪƳģ߶ŹֵģȻͨˣҪããУѰƳģֻѱȵ죬ԶŹֶԣֻ̽ȡһס
ԷڣͿԺͽɺڱȼ磬ǵƳģ۷壬˵ֻʵӦÿԺȼ硣
һǣɵ֮ͽɵԪ֮ͬһԴԿԹֻ֮вһʱѡ
Զ֮ЧƳģĳ̶ֳ˵ԽɵԪ֮һЧ
ĳ̶ֳȣָͨƳģЧģʱƳģͿ
ʱ䣬Ϊϡ٣һǧͨƳģδһһ֣ǶԽɶΪõꡣ
ͨɣҪڳֶԼȽɼ޵ڣѰһƳģΪѣϾǲֹҪʵҪ͸ˣЩڿԲٿ޵ĶŹֶԣô
ҲΪˣŻὲղŵĻ
ȶŹֵʵʱʩӱطӣ³ɵۣҲû˿Դеõ˿Ϣˡ
ҲֻŻᰲġ
ΪЩģŹȥȰԷһС
ҲĽͣŹֲȻƳꣿⶫǵһ˵ԽΪΪЧ
ǺǣǰҵΪʵڣһֵöٺȥҲû뵽ֱ۷壬ڿǺǡЦһڶŹֵɻУٴοڽͣǵʵûƳ̤꣬ڣԶҲֻǺķһЩʱˣϾ֮Ԫ֮ͬһԴ÷ʽҲһֻҪֶ֮иһĸ򼴿ɣûƳ꣬ԶֵҲٺķһʱ⣬һԡ
ЩŹֵЦˣô֣Ҫллˡ
ǺǣҵⱾʵεһҡͷĿ˶Źһۣŵ֣ĳȸˣôֻʮ޽ʱĳ·ִݣŵʱһѾ̤˽ڡ
԰գͷҲأ·ȥڣ£ȷֻǴŶԷѡ
ߵôҲȫΪԭԼ޷ƽվڶŹǰ
ǻȥĺã
ϾҪ֪ļһǱۿŶԷһĬĬŵϣڶ̶̼ʮڣٳɳԱȼĵزġ
ٶȣҲʵ̫ˡ
ϸһ㣬Ǽһӷڣʮʱ⡣
ʮѣǺǣǿߣһαչأҪǧ꣬һﵹãֻǶʮꡭڣ޷̽ҵļ䣬£²Ǿ˵ȥҲţʮ꣬ʵΪ̤ɣֱ׷ɱٿޣٿ١Ĺʵ̫ˣ
ٶȣǺıһȣĳ嶯Ǹ治֪ǱãĽģŵá
õǣһ˵ĹȻϲϧ©ܣңĳһֱˡ
ٴε̾һˣųʧ˵ء
ڴͬʱΪ˵߾ߣûһ˿ͣ΢΢ȻĶŹ֣ԷȥʱЩįЩıӰ΢΢һЦǧӰ䣬βȥڰбԷŲӰһҲʧ˵ء
˥ڽдʱ䣬ԭʱڣҲֻа̤۷壬ڣڵ֪ƳĴںİգɸࡣ
ȻһУȴҪˡ


442 ҹأȥˣ
Ԥڣÿʮһһ׷ԲƳģһģ100ͷ˫ֵҪʱ䣬ܰΪ۷塣
󣬾˥ڽֻʣˣȻȫʢʱڵŴȺʹ٣ŹֻΧѰƳ꣬Ҳδؾ£̫ĿҲţˣһ𷵻ء
ԺлᣬٹǰС
ԣʱڣƳʱ䣬ֻһѣԣȷࡣ
˽⵽ʱĽԣŹ뿪ֱ֮ӾͶһĴʼ
һ飬ʮңð߸ٵʱ˲ƣһʱ䣬ܿƵУš
ֱ󣬿ųڵĻһֵ𽥵ͻУִ˾Ԫ50008Ԫ50008ڡ
ʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̣öŹźǣڣôӰѰ֮⣬ҲȺʼ꣬û뵽꣬Ȼһ궼ûѰ
꣬ȻôѰģЩӰ䣬ٷٿģģҲа˾ʮˣһϢûСѵֻиĵشꣿ߷Ǹֻܿˣ²Ҿ㳤ڣҪΪҲʵ
εҡҡͷŹֲпʼ˳
ֹȥңΪȲɺڣʱЩӰѰҵģҲѾֶٿ飬ûһ˿Ϣ
ʱŹַˣֻȲֱʱʧһ࣬һڳӰȺУشһϢꡣ
Ϣʱһϲʱ꣬ڷһ꣬⻹ǿžӰĿģڼѶȣҲʵη
ҲûǰȥѰ꣬ǷֳǧֻӰ䣬פڵأŲżԼֱֹһ󣬶Źһֵ˾Ԫ70000Ԫ70000۷徳硣
ٽһǽڣ
һ۷ֵŹֲһЦٸ֮ԭ֪ʱҲΪҪ׽ɣҪĸ򣬲ܴɣһ統۷̤һ㣬ڣѾҵһ꣬Ȼ˷ѡ
ʣµʱ䣬ҲֻҪһ꣬Ҫ뿪ˣ֮ǰٶȣûаһڣǷ񻹿ҵڶꡣ


ԵвĵشɡɼأŽţ˵Ҳ֪ȥӣֽϵִѾʼ
ÿֳһһʱǰ㡣
ֻʱҹˣȴų֮⡣
Ͼʱ½£ʵ̫˼ޡ
ҹڣҲֻʣ¹ʮɣ½ˣԴʼǴαȺ׷ɱ󣬾Ҳûֹ
ȻϢܶһʼ֪ҲڼҹʱǷʲô´½һ˴˷ܵĵ
ҹһδô
ЩļһҲزأٺ٣ǲò
ãµȳ֮ҹҪŭˡ

ɢĵУУ͸©һֻ֮⣬ǣȴûһֹ֪½ص˻ԶʧˣҹҲԶʧɽ硣
վ֮Уϸϸҵ̸ʱ¶һ˿ĸо⣬᲻ʱԴ˷ܿ󷽡
ϾҪ뿪ˣ⼸Ҳ֪ǸһǷѾ̤˽ڣӵ˺൱ʵ
Ӧһİɣ
Ҳ΢΢ĵȴУˣ˶ȥ˼ϾǿɲΪ˵ĳһˣ˶һɸ֮ǰȥǾΣˡ
ˣǲȺģֻڽ֮ȴʱһ
ǰĳֻѾʼУϣҲһ˿ʱԳһӰһӰʱϲæӭȥ˵ȣ׷¶ϲɫ
֣ڻˡ
ǺǣļʱӰǶŹ֣ʱǰѾһ꣬˽ɳڣһֵǸߴԪ100136.7Ԫ100136.7źǣʣµһʱ䣬һֱѰҲûֵܷڶꡣһЩƷʣ߸ϡҩ˳ն١
ˣҲģʱӦܺڵǿ߱ȼˣڻߺڣһԣҲ֪
Ͼʵɳڣܺͽɺڱȼ磬ڽɳڣҲơ
һ㣬ҲδһģҪ֪۷壬֮䣬ȴһΪֲĺ蹵ȥչ޷ٵǴֻ֮ԽˣǿԿٵصĳˡ
˵ڼʵ࣬
ԣҲ֪ԼʵһǷԺǵ蹵ȡ
Ц֮󣬶ŹֲŹĶ飬ȣһǰС
ȥһ·Ҳûг⣬ֱ֮˲һһƺ
ڽ֮⣬Ѱһأڶˣŷ׷ڵصȺء
εȴҲպһһǶ
һĻҹʣˣЩɵˣôǣҹأ
ֹҹˣˣͬı飬Ҫ֪ʱ򣬰ͨһģڽ֮䣬оҵɱһЩᱻǿѹ£ָֻƽ͡
Ͼǰ˸˭Ҳ޷κε˭
ɷ׷״Ų쿴ʱ΢΢ɨһңȴҲЩȻҹأ
߸Ȼ֪ǰҹͻȻ֮󣬾һֱδ顣ҹ뿪ԭҲͨѶѯһ¸ˣûע
ϾȺӰٹ죬Ҳܶв
ʵϣҹһȥˡ
Ǻǣѵ½ȷç½΢΢Ȼ֮УֱóѶ̽ϵҹȴָ޷ϵϣתȥϵ½ǡ
Ҳڶ̶Ƭ̺ԭһ΢ЦĽֽЦ⣬תһɻ󣬡֣½־δʹùĴ󣬿ڽڣֻǣΪҵ޷磿
һ仰ٴȫˣûгڵѾԷԱ˭֪ȫʢڵճ̶ȣҪ˱ᡣ
ĬĬУ˴˶һۣоһ˿죬ͲٶԣˣȻɻСҲû˸˵ʲô
ҹʣˣɾˡ
ôǵıʧˣ
Цɿˣ˴һУֹ½صʮڵɣȫʧ٣ʧٵԭ϶Ѿ׶༪ˣû뵽ҹҲ䲻
Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
ҹ⵽ȥˣ
㶼ɻѵˣȴǸûע⵽ɵڣһ˿Ĺâ


443 ܣڻˣ
Ȼ¾ù죬ɲǶŹ֣ڱϣ˿
඼Ǻһ¶ɻ
ڵƬ̣žȷ˵
ҹ֮ˣвٶڵأȺҹ䡣
ʱͳһнĴˣȥʱȴ˰ˣȫЩȻԭصȺ
ź󷽵İɣɣŹٴһĨЦŲĸĶ顣
ǺǣСѣ˴ڣջΣҲڶŹֻͷʱڶǰͻȻŹֵ
ʵɻˣҲĺܺ棬ٿһƷɱĶŹ֣ʮ꣬ᶼõʲôʳ֮ǰ£ҲвСɻǾڴʱ޵ľãǰĶŹ֣֮ǰȣ˼ı仯
ֱ仯Ƿǳţͱ磬ǰŹǰĸоһֱ۴ϸСȽΡɽһ㣬ͬն
ʱĸоȴһɽȽһɽ¶Էɽ壬ͦվչǴɽĸ߶ȡ
ֱ仯Ȼ𾪣Ҫ֪Էʱ䣬Ǿֻ˵ҲѾӵ˿ľ磬λ᲻𶯣
Ͼȼ磬֮µһȣȫͬĸ
¼Ϊ𶯣ڸղţҹ֮ʱ׻ѹѯʵͷڣȴҲѹƲסµɻ󣬿˳
ѯŹֵ΢΢һЦŵл¹ģĳڽڵջ񣬻㲻ѾƳģִ˽ɳڡ
ֹɻҲУǾʱɳڵΪܺĸ൱ԣŻԥĽԼʵ
Ŀľһᣬӡ֤һ£⣬ΪҲȫûıҪϾպҪ죬ȴǲڣ޷ڣȻ署ʵȻûıҪˡ
һ仰ǰеӣؾһ٣ž΢΢ɳڣ
һѾ̤˽ɳڣ
Ҫ֪ԷɳʱͿȽɺڵģڣһΣ϶Ѿ˽ɺڣ֮ǵˡ
ֲãһֱָоԷѾʱ䣬ʱѾĳЩˡ
޴Уֵ͵һЦǰȥһ仰ȴִ˶ŹֶУ֣ҷǣ׵Ҫӡ֤һ¶ֵʵˡ
Ҳĺ֪ڵĶŹ֣ĸΡ
˼жŹ»ȻЦŵͷ
һ·˵ٶԣֻǰУм䣬һ½գźһһ;ֹ˼£ڷǣ
һ̤ҲѶһĲ죬ֱӾЦŶԶŹֵһ룬ֱֱȥ
ףԼβеĽɣɣ˷ķλʱʱȫɫ䣬ŹֵҲһ˿ηͻ̿֡
ֻΪ˾ǳڵ䳡ȥ
⣿ҪͶֽ䳡
ǶšŹֵʵֵñ³֣
ǰɣ

һƬľУڶˣȫʯԺӿ˴ӵͷֻһһ˿κͿ
һŹֵʵ֤ʵֽɽ磬һӴķ籩Ͼ۰ĴڣѾ̫ˣôʱڣɼǿߣֵĲ٣һģʵ̫ˡ
һֵϢɽ紫ĺ䶯ǿ֪ġ
ڣڴʱ£һ˿ȣֻΪ˽ֵҸιȥˡ

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ǣǶ͹㳡ڣһ΢ĻζӰͼڶУ߳˴
壬ǲϾܼʮˣУòޣԽ˵ŮӣͻȻͿһӡ
ŮӣʮŮڽʮȴѳһͤͤŮӡ
һ𣬾ǽʮ꣬ͿʼŹʮǰҪǡ
ӣӸԭģԴǴΣŹֺȥ£ѾԪӤڵնɽֻ۷Ǳӹע˿ҵ
Ҫһ£ȻģϾһлӽͶŹֲλ᲻ϲǼʱնɽֱӾôѶ򣬿ʼ
ڽӵϢȴ֪Źʱûʱ䣬Ϊһ±սڵʱѹȥ
ֱȥ꣬ʱ䣬òһµĶŹֵˣӦÿҪʱĲŴǡһĳ;棬ǵִʱ˥ڽҲѾȥ˺ü£ҲѾˡ
ϾȻʸ񲻹ֻһɣɶ֪Ľأʲôʱڿʼʲôʱڽ֪ġ
Ǻǣϵ˺ͶŴˣǵ֪ǰһǳ˵ġЦŻӦһ䣬Ĳվڴ⣬óѶ򣬿ʼϵ
һϵҲûг⣬ܿ죬ľЦŶˣŴѾˣ˸ϸͷİɣܼܿŴ˵ġ
лл塣⻰̿ĵĵ˵ͷи¶һ˿ǿҵڴʮ꣬Ҳͻǵ˴ʦǰڣȻ⾳磬ɽĿԺԲƣϣöŹ֪ϣöԷһĿġϣ֪Լûйĺ⣬һֱŬʣãһֱŬ
Ҳ£˶ǹԹԵվڹ㳡УǰԶȺĵ
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󣬾ôֹƬ̣һʮӰ֣ŻӣڶϢ뺷Χ£Ӵڣ˳
һ֮߳Ϊ̴һҲż˵ĶˣȫĪһ΢΢ɧԷԶɲپ롣
ҵ춯ȴ⣬ֻһ˿Щ˷ܵĿЦܣֻˣ
ǰǸĵطͷ꣬˱
ү쵭ˡΣһҪúֲʧʱ⡣

һƬ˷̸ܵЦУӣȫɫܡ
ǵĻܱЩɧȺ壬ͷ˸ɧܣ
ⲻĻôȻԷܣ֪ǰожô˷ָԭȣЩûϳݵˣȫٴɫԶ뵱أĻӣǿ߮Զȥ
ɲ֮ټһ㳡ϣֻʣв֪ģֱֱı©ܵǰ
Ҳͬʱӣڰ䵽Ϻȫɫһȫӿһ˿ϲ
ǰɣô޵һС椣һǸĳͷǣôɫŮӣ


444 ׳գ̫ˣ
ǣû˸
ʾû˸٣ôǰͱҲд£ֱϵ⣬µһЩ۷ɵãһӵȨ
磬Ȼɽ磬ɵ壬һࡣ
ˣˣҲȫ£ܣָľʮһӣ£۷ɵãˣϣҲ츳ͶѴﵽɾиһ˴ﵽڣԼ۷ɵڶŵš
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Щ֣鲻ʱȻ̫ϡ
ǰȴʵһΪ£Ϊ⣬ǻĳ̶ȣڵҹ֪½֮Զʱıŭڱŭ£´ǰ⼸䵽˳״½һΣԲߵĽء
ɼʮ۷ǿػȻһأꡣ
һĿѺĥˣˣǺǵĻͲͬն񣬡ͷšˣȻҪȥȤȫ׷
ȻһεºҲٺǰһ޷ˣ£ҲһЩ
ɼҲ˵ǰһɣһʦڵŮޣҶ
˴аЦŶһۣУĸߴĿϺżƣһȥӢһͿϸϸȴǸоǿʵò£ŲаϢֱӾ͹һаЦ̤ˡ
竣ֱӸϡ
ҵʮˣ̾Ͷ¶һ˿ƣģ⼸һȻŻصǣֹ̬ȷˣɲΣǼصѾڣȴ˿ǰ˵ʲôֻĿһۣҲ̤׷ȥ
˵ĿĺˣٳٶۣҲ̷˲ڴˣĲû̫ţϾòǵһ·ϣ£Ҳǵһˡ
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⣬ĵֶΣ˵ڿǵĵشһˣΪϣԶ˶¶ʱȱ⣬ͷ״½иҲӵġ
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ݣҲɵ׺Թ͸ˣڶɣ׷ɫ䣬ǰϧʧת任һη
Ҳֻɲ֮ȴͻȻЦˣЦһ˵ʶͳ죿һɣȻʶһλٺ١
仰ǰ𶯵˵ȣҲȫһ㶣׷׻
ǰ֮ܣӣĶ۷壬˭Уһɣˣ⻰ֱҪ̫ˡ
㣬ǰһ˵ģǰŮǰʱȻֻһͣ˵Ůֱǿпޡ
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תͷȥʱȴǲһ㣬ͱ˸ɢʲôЦǴϵļһȻ
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ǣһýɰǽɺڣôôǱģڷʱʧȥƽ⣿ֱֱ¸߿գ
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޴ı仯Ҳ׾ɵˣǰڲҲˣֻǳճյĶһĲ˼顣
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һ̣ҲǺް
ʲôȻڸղţڱ
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ŹǸ̬Ϊܺԥնɱµҹ˵ߵˣǷˡ
˵ǼһǸΪ̵ˡ
Ҳ޷ıȵǻȼô񱩵ŭ
һǸһ﷢ŭ
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ֻ΢˼һ£ܸе֮⡣
һ̣ҲǱŭˣȻҲףŭ⣬ǷΪ̫ھ֡ȻڸղţһоҲᾪֱӴӸ߿ˤ䡣
һƬʢŭ֮£ֱӾ৵һ־ͳȥ
žһ죬ӣ׷ʱŭ׳գֻ̫꣬ˣ


445 Ϊ
һ䱩ŭĻһĶ⣬̾øˣˡ
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һƬȻУ󷽣ԶԶɵ۵һڵУһѪżѩ׵ݣžһӲ˺󷽵Ĺ㳡ʯϡ
֮ĵһӦҲǲţҲţΪС£ڴ֮ͥ£˦һƣ
ѵСôǰĲǰŮӶҪǣҲûԶԷôôȻʲôûﻹ£
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޴ľ㵺Ͳ֮£ڵһ£ӿŭ𣬸৵һʹԭԾ𣬲һƷǰݺն£ͬһʱ䣬ǰǰȫڡ
֣
Ъ˹ŭһǵͨ۾һֻ̣ѩܣֳ裬δܹǲϴˢǵĸо
ȻɵʵҪĨɱǸܣĿģֻ˶Է
ȻֻƽʱҲһ췽ҹ̷£࣬ǻʮ۷ô
⣬ҪչֻдʦΪŮӣֻҪԷģͲţôˣ޷شˣ
ȻһУҲһǰᣬǾԿ϶ΣҲɱŸ޼ɵĳֹɱ
䡫
ŭȣ竣Ǻԥľ֮ǰľҲ̼ķ׺նɱǰȻ竣ҲɵӣȻֱ֪ӹ
ڶ໤˵ɣˣ⣬Ƕ֣ǲ֣ߣԼ˰ҶΥ߿ܵˣ
ߣ
Ҳʱվǰȴصһ׹ʢһҪ
УһĹܣ̾ͳǰԼˣ˷ָ
ڣرһҫ۵Ĺ
أ
أ
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ϾǽɺڣɣҲڲƽҲͱˡ
·ݿһ㣬ѹº󣬸ܵԷɢɱ˲ų׾ˣʲôЦһȻҪģ
һʱ䣬ȴǾľͳźŭȣǻ֣Ҫ췴
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ӳٶ۵ķӦٴŭһݺݵɨӣ仰ڽ͵һ飬ǰ˶˵ˡ
ʣʮɣҲвٽȫ̰ǿ
Ҳǵʱתǰķ֣תΪһǸĶС㣬ܾˣģжڣĳκ⡣
лˡʱޱ䣬ЩزɫЩɷףϾɡɼһʦԣʵ̫ңԶҲֲ̫Ǽһ˿Цл
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ȻΪһŮӣ˶ܴ裬γܣ
ֹ竣ȫˣҲʵ벻ͨΪθҷ񾭣ŭУҲûǹбⱳͱȥܴϾվģ
ɽ磬ˣֻԼײβĳǿߣûɣǻʹŮκιϵǳǣŮ֮ŮֻտʼϵϷ˶Է䣬֪Ҳ̫ϾȻ۷壬Ҳ˵ܺģֻʤһѡ
˵ԷֻǴʦΪǰģҲһɣôˣ
ԣô룬Է㱳ҲᳬȴΪ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ȫһ˿أüνܵˣ
˵ŭȣȴֻһЦһ֣;ģȥ
˼״ȻЩԥɻѺˣڿն


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Ҳ֪ԼڴʲôǸû侲
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ֻԶŹֵ̬ȣͬͬ˵һˣȻѲµĽǵۼ֤ʱ̲סһƬ֮ɫ
ҲڶˣȫһƬʱԶȴͻȻһҴҵĶһش
Ϊ
һ˲˵ע⣬ȥǰЦӯӯҲ׾ͳôǸļһ


446 ǧڣ̤벽
һǸǳҲ΢΢Щȡ
ֻΪ࣬վһ½ĳǿߣǾǶŹ֣ǰȻӶŹ֣Ҳ̫˼ЩϾǰĶŹ֣޷Ტۡ
ɸղţ䳡ڣһ֮ȴȻ֣ԷȻӵ˿ʵǿȳڵʵ
⣬β𶯣βϰһ̬
ȳڵʵӶŹƳǼƷɱ˵ڣ˷صĳͻҲûһ˿գ¶Ź֡
ԣһѳװѶԷһԺƽƽǿߣڣ£ԶŹһ˿⡣
ֻΪԷʵΪǽɳڣͿڣǵԺٽʱԻԶԶΪһֱı̬оƶϣԷʵԽڣԲ̫á
˸ӵ̬;룬ҲԸڶŹǰΪͻȻ֣ԷʱܳԽʱͱҪһ̬ӭˡ
Ҳ˵֪ڶԷǰƽƽӲˣݵʱڣôܲȥϧ
ǣһȣȴֱӾͰδ顣
ǲǻôԷʱĿǣһʲô£ˣ£ȴǵŶŹֵ棬ԣкɫŹˡ
Ƶɨ˶ŹһۣȴҲûж˵ʲôֻһŵĿǰ
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ĽŹһʧ´γʱѾִǰЩ簮ŶԷĺڷЦôˣǰ֪ͨһҲȥ㡣
ֻһ仰ˣǸֻдʦΪŮӵɫͳױˣҲⲻ£͵ĸԼһӡŮòǡ
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һ֮һ֮ɫϻһƺ۵Ǻݺһۣȿʱ˫ڣؾһ˿ɫڳĶŹ֣ȴЩɻ˭
ǰҲǾ仰ɲûŹǴӺ粢ĵطƽƹȥģҲ֪ղŶŹĽ
ԣȻɻ󣬵Կ϶˲۰κһˣǡ
ɫһţ৵һ£͵תֱӾǰߵȥΪ
һǱģʵİУһתָź󷽵ȻΪŮӣŹ򺢶˿ûѸϷ
ò˵ΪԼĿߣǼΪģĲᣬֻ˵ΪһŮӣڴ֮ͥ£˿Ϸȥһ£ǲ򾿾ΪΣҲˡ
ԣڿУУһ˿ζ
仰ȴɫһûιȥʲôǸöŹֱӺǻһ簮Ůӣ
⡭ļһһ꣬Ůӣ
Ȼ仰׾ýֺͷ룬ҲܲȣһӵƢԣڶŮӣϢǴʦɵӣҲȥɵĲ硣
Ҳԣֻһ仰֮׵ϣڵľðһǺ޲ڴ˿̣һļһ
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ڣղŽǾ仰ʱŹֵУֱӾһ˿âҲҿһ͵İִ˶ŹּͷöԷسȥ
ñЩƵףɫԽ
ֹ󷽣ɣɲ֮䣬ɫ䣬ڣɣ˫ĿһͻûԭرֻΪɣ竵β֪⼸һĵУ
ǣԼɵķӦкȴΪŭΪʱеϲã̶Ǵʢ
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һƬ˷УĽˣֱֱǰУҲ붪棬ƥʵڡ
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һƷ磬ȴĶ⣬ֱӾͰˣȫ׷ɡ
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ò˵һʣ׾ǰ´ˣȫˣŭɵǰðУһıʹ͡
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Ҫ֪Ҳδػǫѷ˵¶ηˡ
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ԲŸղţ˲Ż˷Ӧ
ҲǵʱˣͻȻַһҺУӿһƬᣬֻΪֱʱղµоǧ
һ뵽ٿŹ֣ڶɫˣ׾ͱˣ찡ôôùŸմһر꣬Ҫһأǧꣿ
Ҳ̫ɱ˰ɣ


447 
֮ܳȻЦɣչôһ˿Ρ
һʮ겻ŹҲЩԾݱˣԼıԺ
󣬾ǰʱһϸϸʮһ¡£ڼ䣬һζ
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ԴˣŹֵЩЦ츳ϣͲرͻҲǶرģܽͻƣѾ˲ĻԵˡ
ȻԷѾͻƣŹֵΪĿݷ
Ͼǰֻܰ۷壬ڣֶȫѹε½籦ڣУòƵҩϣѡԣȻ
ˣŹҲû̶֣ڰιǣżֻ϶Ŷ
һʱ䣬ɽӣͻȻд

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ټһɽ磬ȴǷƱãͷ·˳ͻϮɽһ㣬Ӵ磬Ϳʼ˻ε
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ȷǶŹ֣ǴαԺ󣬶ûյһϢֻΪӵ˿ʵ󣬻Ҫزأô
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վɽߵľǿߣŹһףӵ˿ڵʵУҲǴˮ׼ǿʵ԰Ӽɽˡ
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󣬵ˣͻȻ̸һˣȼʱ磬˶ôֲ𺳣
󣬵ˣͻȻЩ𾪵ˣٴελȼʮ꣬ʹɾһ·ͻڵʵʱǵ˶˴飡
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һȷ֮׾ֻΪҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һĵԣû̫ϾͶԷԩ޳Ҳû˿飬̸ʲôǣ
ɣǣǼһﾹȻֻʮ͡
߾ƥʲôʱ򣬾Ȼύһ˱̬ѣĬãŭһͳˡ
Ϊʲô½Ǻ׹ϵףȻϢ಻ܴˡ
ڣЩûˣ뾡˼ʲô̬ȣȥһֲļһ
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˻Ƕ˼ˣĿǰҪ£Ǹʲô̬ȣȥһ
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⵹ǳסֻҹδ飬ʧȥĺܣ˵һжڶԷһ֮䣬벻ûǸӡ
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һĵԻɽƵļ仯Ĳ˵Ⱦǵ̣һõô
ͰУΪǿƵһ𣬾Ծʹһµĳ
ĿǰΪֹϢ񻹻ǹһˣûӣһǴˣЧ׷Էܵõ׽һĻ᣿
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ȴͬǹһˣ񶼻أԷպǽԼܲһֶûаɣ
ֻҪڵһʱ䣬ӽԷǻпܣΪһţ⣬ɽ磬ɢɶԣ˲õĴ̼
һʱ䣬Ÿ½ԼСʹ½Щʵɢɣͼһ㣬ǻۡ
ľһֱĶŹ֣΢΢ˣֻΪǰˣʵ̫ˣЩ£ҲʵЩΡ
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죬ݣô̤ҲܾԸ󣬰յŹŶ׵޹ȥ


448 ̬
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ԭ޹֪ŹǰϢ̾ͳӭӣŹֵĿĺ󣬵΢΢һ͡
£һƬ첨ֻΪͻȻ𣬵һνӼԷʱڵķݣʱԼмĸЩ£Ҳûãȴû뵽̶ֻʮ꣬ԷȻĿԲˡ
ƽеĲײЦˣǺǣ־㲻ᣬҲѴһУ֪ء
΢Ц֮ͻȻֶԶŹֵ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵãĳ̤죬ֹҪʵҪ
ĻŹҲЦŵͷҲ֣죬Ǹʲôĵط
죬Ϊ֣þھŲ㣬Լþ֮
Źֵͷϣȴһ˿ɫ
һУΪ˼飬ҵȽɡƽһֱײβۣ̤þ󣬲ҵȵŷպһȷ
ͻᱻԶֳһ飬ĳһصĿռ䣬ֻԪԾȻÿһ飬ֻһ˵ʤ
ܵˣԪھսѣûΪֻɻþĻþԪ
þԪʵͱһ޶ֻڲٿػþԪʱκ˶ʧȥ뱾ϵѡ
ֱʧܺ󣬻þԪѣ˼ά»ع鵽壬ֱӳڻþ֮⡣
յĻþɵҲ޷ǿڡ
ڵʤˣһ׶Ρ
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һöŹ΢΢ȻۣһֱɽûӰۣҲǰȥң죬һصһĻ䣬˭Ҳ֪ԼĶ˭ÿһڣʤĲŻʸ룬⻹ֻܿˣɵۣҲǱذܰ
ǺǣضЩ֣۵ݣôǰģ棬ҪΪɵյ֮һ˼ǲ𣡣ÿһɵۣգ̤벻ľ磬Ҳǣ䣬ˣɿƣԶһ֮⡣
ɵµˣȻԿɳǴ⣬һ䣬֮۷壬ûκĨɱǲס
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ڣͺ֮йأ۵ݣÿα
һͣŹ£ǺȻѣ֮һеľףɵǿߣȻѾִɽ߷壬˿ɳԽ
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ҲڶŹֵУײż͵ÿһΣ̤ûκƣǣÿһΣ̤ģгһ˵ġ
Ϊڻþ֮ǵı壬ɻһڻþڣĻþ˼άԪһΣھŲ㡣
ֱѡ񣬶Ǻֱֵѡ
һطط
ɽ磬ٽɣɵۡ
ᱻ죬ѡоˣֱؾŲ㡣ΪطҪĻᣬϽκһˣԼصĵشͻơֻҪسɹԪͻ᷵ر壬̽
ֻҪһͨز㣬ͻʧȥʸ
ͻþһ·ʧܵˣԪ񵱳ѣʵϣ䱾û˿ˣֻǻᱻ̴ͳþʧȥʸѡ
ƣȷأһɣѡУصһ㣬Դɣڵǿ߹ɱǵֱӷء
ڵһصģĳλɵۣɵۣ౻ѡУĳһ㣬ǵķأԿ赲һУʱߣֻǽɳڣһԲѴ֮ȫֱ̤
ʵϣɵȫأܣɽȻ࣬ɽˣڻþʯʱᱻ̭һ룬ʣµɲ٣ôֻԵָˣ죬Ҫͬʱѡۣʵ̫ˡ
ǾˣǱѡ죬һȥоڣʵϣѶȴΪţܲ룬ֻܿмɵ۱ѡиأһҪһ㡣
ط֮⣬ط
ڱ˺ʣˣΪطҪһ㣬ˣһ·ͻƾŲ㡣
ֻҪֵܼ󣬵ִھŲ㲻ܣл
һȥǱѡˣƺмĸʳɹʵϡ
ΪطȴطһֻҪسɹͻͬԪͱ壬ֱ̤ƽʮ֮󣬻Ҫһµѡ
Ǿ֮š
֮ţȴһĴڣֻ˵֮ŵı̶̬ȣ֮ǰһжĶࡣ
֮ڣÿһ˵ĻþԪҪԵĵˣĻܡ
һ̤֮ţ˶ᱻһĿռ䣬Ȼ󣬾ҪĻܡ
ܵʵ̤֮ŵʵ磬ڣôֵĻܣڣʱǵĻþԪȴᷢı䣬ҵһڣĳһ׶Ρ
ǸոյңҲǸոսӴңҲڡʦڡʥڡڡڡڡڡڣһ׶Ρ
ǣѾ󣬵ִɵڵңͻȻɸոյӤȴҪȥһڵĻܲܳɹôܣֻһɵڣоԵİգһܻܣļʣʵ̫Сˡ
棬Ψһĺôǣ죬ĸ׶ΣþھŲ㣬֮ţǶֻܣ
ÿһܵˣ̱þ޷ڣҲδ֮˵ıڼܵ˿˺
ΪֹĳҲǰȥΣδһΣ̤ġ
ԣǱѡΪطѡΪطʵ̤һ㡭ΪҪ̫ɷ֣
һδν˵Źһԣǳˡ
֮طȥһЩҪ֮ţȴҪһ֮˵ĹֻҪɵۣ²ǶֱеͶǱѡطҲֻҲطҶԼǰ棬Ȼؼˡ
طȴҪ̬֮һʵڵĻܣԼȴݻһڣĳһ׶ΣӤ
ӤڣҪٸ׶ΣڵģǶٸ׶Σô㣬ⶼǼСʵ¡
Źֶ󣬵ʱԼͻȻѧʱ߻ϴѧʱ״̬ȴҪȥһѾִڣĴڣǼֱ̫ˡ
죬Ȼ̬Զȷ̬ƺֿɷ֣û˿͵ˣĿܣ


449 ʱۣң߷
Ǻǣ죬ʲôʱǰȥ
Ȼ̾ı̬ɶŹֻǿѹ¾ҳ鴤գһЦĿ
죬һο´οʮ󡣡׵ΪŹֵĿЦʵϣԶȶŹָκƵĸо
ϾŹֻ˵ȴȥΣÿζͷƵĿЦõķ̫ˡ
лֽˡ⻰Ź£һʮ꣬ʱ䣬ƺ㹻ٴʵˡ
Ȼ죬ΪطʵδҪҪܱҳطʵҪԻǼΪͻġ
ͱۣӵְɽʵ²ÿһΣڷϣԼܳΪطһԱɡ
ȻҲ֪Ϊطļʲ󣬶ֻУȴûгУһһĥѣҲܱ֮źõöࡣ
£Ҳֻܵˣڣץʵ
ҪǰȥһΣȫʢʱڵҲδû취õƳꡣҴ˼֮УŹԺУһͷ
ͷͰݱȥ
Ҳ˵ҪֱǰȥԾˣʱ䣬˲ٵҩΪƽԪӤڣշΣ£ǰ
Ȼһǰȥûپ½ֱӴӳ״½ȥģϾھſ鳬½룬ﶼԴﵽ
˻һֻΪ˶ѣһ㣬ڹһ˵ĶŹֶԣȻ⣬ȥԡ
ֺķ˼ʱ䣬һٵĶݣŹֵӰٴͣפ֮⡣
ȫʢʱڵҲʵһΣֻΪȫʢʱڵĽЩĿֲԣһֵܵģǽɣȫ֧һƷҲ಻죬ͻᱻʴ飬һݽߡ
Ҳ֧һҡ
ĽɣƵҩﲹʱ滻ɹһԴޣһǱɣˣ̫Щ֧Ųĸоᣬڣѱѹһգ·ϣҪķѽһʱ䡣
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ɶЧʣŹ಻⣬ֱӼ֮ǰɱơ
ڶµȺѾչ˶ʮҡ
ʱȺʮҲͬʱǲȥȺҲڷ˵һꡣ
Ͼ֮ǰıЧʣǱȻġ
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Ϊ޷̫࣬ȥ죬಻̫ն
һε죬ҪҪȥʱֹͣޣŹ־Ϳʼ˼Ȼæһʱǰȥ죬ڵʵǱѡطһɵۺһأɵ֮а̤Ǳѡطһ֮ţʵ̫ˡ
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ܰΪɺڣֻڣʱӵпɵ۳ڵʵǲŻиİգ̤졣
һλᣬʱ⣬˷ѵ
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ÿʮ꣬ԼɿƵޣڼ䣬ҲټһԵ˼һȦӣֱʱֹʮ꣬µȺ߰ʱֲĿԴݻɽ󲿷ȺƳЧʣһֲĸ߶ȣÿһ죬Ѱһ顣
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ʮʱ⣬ָ۷ˣʣµһͻ̤ʱϴ쿪Źʮ꣬´Σʮ꣬Ӧϣ˳ͻơһ˿Ĺ󣬶Źŷ˼ʼƳꡣ
һִ۷壬Ҳֻһ֮ңˣʵϣıʵѳԽΣޱƽɵڣʱʱŻиİա
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450 Ӷᣬ߲â
ݶŹ֪۷ǿߣҪ̤ڣҪģǸֱĳһ̣Եʹһִ۷֮ɱɻ֮ʽ̤
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ûգȶֳƳֱ꣬ʱһΣȹ֮߰ãų׸һ䡣
һѾִ۷壬˫200000ľԪԪֵŹΨһ˼ͳȥ
ܷ̤޷һʱĿǰҪΪ׵ģɱˣֻҪѰƷɱĸֲʣΪԼƼƷɱҲǲֶΡ
ʱһʵѾ磬ޱƽɵ۵£ڵĸֶΣٲ
ᣬ޴Ǽ˭˭ˣ
ڣڶŹԺһǾǣ̽һ£ҵһЩƷɱĲʣǲء
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ٴεһЦ࣬Ķ壬յ˺ڶǣһ㣬ѸޱߵӿȥҲڶŹֳĴ߻УȴͻȻһͣǱǣڴڣһӿһ˿˿߲â
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ϾޣһӵпֲĻ֮ΨһĲǣЩޣֻܿ£ûǻ۶ѡ
޷ٿطٿ󷨵ȵȣֻһ۵ʵԶȲ
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⣬򵥵ɣͨʿɵҩһԶȲ϶ŹԭҺԣܰٷְٵ书Ч߲âŹָûжӦĳԭҺȥգֻܲԭʼİ취գܻһĹЧ
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ڣ֪Щ߲âֻڵޣ̺ʱЩͱ׷ֽ⣬ûüɢΪŹּڳĵһʱ䣬Ͱʬ꣬һʼ
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ֱһٷĹ֮Ԫ֮ȵĴ£ؾͲ˾ҵı仯
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ֹ˺Ƭ̣ڵһжƽʱŹ̵ͷǰŷԭֵѾ˾Ԫ400000.1Ԫ400000.1
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β
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˵һɵ۳ڣܵƵش֮£Ҫ˼ܳ׻ָ۷壬֮Ŀ¡
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ʱʵҿԱȼɵ۳ڣ˵Զɵ۳ڵĶ֣ڣֻǾ֮϶ѡ
˼һŹҲ˲̲ٿµ壬߲⡣
һγ£Ÿո̤ڵֵֿʼµĻ
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ȥǱ;Щ߲âǸղֻڵޣ㱻´ҲֹֻڽɺˣңԿ֮ǰ߲âסľ磿˵պֻҪɱһЩޣܿΪ
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ȻҲ֪գмĻǾǸ޷Щ߲âٻʧһϵЧ⣬Ҳ㹻ˡ


451 һٶʮ꣬۷֮
ʵ֤ŹֵĲ룬ûڲͣЩ߲âĹУģֹоϲơ
ֻΪյٶٿ죬ʱţЩδյ߲âһʧ
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ֱ󣬴ʱȥ󣬷Ķڣûһ˿߲âʱŹֵգҲ׸һ䡣
ƵǣһֵֻǸ625
Ҫ֪ԭֻڵޣֵ500000һ㣬Ҳ˵Щ߲âԭǿԴʮľԪԪֵġ
Уչʧģֹܲһ룬ڵģΪĿɵշʿԪһҲֻЩ߲âһҵ
ӵֻ֮Щ߲â˵ٱԭʮֵȻֱֻٳͷľԪԪֵ
һжƽϢʱŹֵԺУͻȻðһͷǾǣողŵķʽҪһΣڣ²Ҫɱղޣһֻſԡ
ԣȻû̫ţɻǣڣǷӵô࿰ޡ
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ڣһʲôܣ֧ȻĳǿޣͲô࣡ҵʲôԭܴô࿰Ƚɡޣ˵ܸʵ
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ڣܶʱǰ̫죬ϾҲ֪Խ룬ΣԿ϶Խ󣬷ʱ䣬һʵԼԱס
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ָ䣬ӳ˵صڣѾȥһ꣬Ź£Щ̾
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εһʮʱ䣬ʹĻ֮һǰ粽һΣ̤ʱŹڷſٶȣĴȥ
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ǰǲƽһƽĺһ㣬ȴð˿˿泩ĵشŹһָоڵĻ֮һ˿΢΢Ĵ
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ĵԭΧ˯һĴɼޣȫѣͳŶŹֺڴˣǺ⣬ֻʩչһѹѹڶޣá
ĨɱһȺſʼ˼ˮιɵġ
ʱĿƣŹֿŲͣͨԭҺԾ˼ֱ֮󣬲ŻȻĴԭһԾԺУһƬͨ
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Ҳ͹ֲãڣΪλô࿰ˣǣЧʣڶŹֶԣȴ̫ˡ
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ôȽϣģնɱޣŹԥѡ˺ߡ
ֱⱦشֵһӣŲͣɱǰΪޣŹº۷塣
Ҳǵʱ㹻ģɵۣɵڣʱڣҲռݾԵϷ磬пܣŶԷ⣬նɱ
ָһ㣬һ쿪ֻʣ˶ʮʱ⡣
ʮ꣬㹻ƼƷɱˣһε죬ǲٴˣһ˿΢ЦŹֱֲʧ˵ء
һ̣һٶʮǰԼȣҲǣеǰδеǿġ


452 
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һΣһʮʱ⣬ȻʧһʮŹ־ͷ·ƾʧһҲûгֹˣ΢΢Щ¶
֪ŹֵĿ꣬ڵķݣˣʮǰǴĿԷûг֣û˿ϢҲԽɻѡ
ۼʱѾٴαƽ쿪ʱޣŹȴûӰԽ
֮ڣཻģĪˣһʲôһƬĵڣ֮ˣֻµĻԽԽ׵̲סڣ
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Ĳ˵֪ڸո̤ڵĶŹ֣ģӦƳ꣬״̬Ȼ׵أɶܲٿޣܲٿٵĶŹֶԣ԰һڣң
ԣ²ȷҲܴӦΪ׼
ڶŹΣܷܲأҲʵڲ¾ϾƳ꣬ʵ̫ϡˣŹܲٿޣҲȻҪķʱȥѰңһٶꡭ
ǺǣҲˣ޷أҲδزǺ£Ͼı̬Ҷ֪żǰȥò³ҲʵΡĻ׵ͷȷԷһʧһٶ꣬ǳΪ׼⣬Ҳˡ
Ȼһ׼һٶ꣬һȥ̣ɶܳǽɡǿ߶ԣһ꣬ҲǶ̵Ĳٶˡ
Ҳ̸֮ʣһӰؾʹԳӰֱӾڵߵݵ£ݼ
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ȻԷ»һʮǰǱޡ
һٶ꣬ҲĺڴԷΪʲôزһٶǰԷֻǳڣʵڣѰһٶƳ꣬ǲѾƽ۷ˣ
ĶǷѾ˳Խʵ
һЩͲܲ
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ҲڶŹִʱ۵Ŀ⣬಻Լͬģ˶Źϡ
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ֹˣɣ󣬾ͣӰֻңңǰô˵Ƕһô˵棬ȺŹԪɢֻǻþԪ񣬶ûһ˿˺Ҳһôʵ£磬Աˡ
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ǲλ̫ѿŲģôԷҲ
ģվǰѪУؾһ˿ϲ
Ȼͬɵۣ׵۵飬ȴȻͬеºͣеԱ䣬׵УƵһˣĳ󱲲ڳޣЩ
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һ仰Ѫۺ󷽵ڶˣʱȫһݣֻΪǶѪеĲͣͬʱ˶ԶŹҲ΢΢ЩԹ˵ԱˣҪʱ䣿
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ԷԱԱĻʲôǣԱѵһ֮ӭ

һ΢ڶɣȫӿһƬ˼֮ɫɵɵĵŶŹ֣Ǽһ㡣
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Ѫ۵ĴЦˣҲЦˣȫЦԷǵģ
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